bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Permafrost for Pumping Drainage Water from Primary Diamond Deposits on the Example of the Noyabrskiy Site (Aykhal Mine)
Authors:   «Yakutniproalmaz», Yannikov A.M. , Yannikova S.A. ,   «Yakutniproalmaz», Ovchinnikova M.Yu. ,   «Yakutniproalmaz»,   Voronezh State University,, Korepanov A.Yu. ,   «Yakutniproalmaz»
Published: December 2021

Thick permafrost strata in the territory of the Yakutsk diamondiferous province make it possible to take into account and use this natural favorable factor in environmental protection. For the environmentally safe exploitation of the fields, ALROSA is injecting drainage water into the existing and developed in the permafrost strata reservoirs. Consequently, an important research problem is assessment of the resulting impact of injection on the state of the geological environment by designing a method for predicting the position of the technogenic horizon for the estimated life of the field. The parameters of the planned distribution of the injected drainage water were obtained by the geophysical methods and study of the regime of the piezometric surface. The capacity of the drainage brine injection site was estimated based on the injection results in the mode of pilot operations. The conducted studies and calculations allow us concluding that the use of the method of drainage water pumping into permafrost from the Aykhal mine on the Noyabrskiy site made it possible to reduce the impact of mining operations on the geological environment and surroundings, eliminating the possibility of brines to contaminate the surface water. Key words: permafrost
FİZİKSEL AKTİVİTE ÖLÇEĞİ-2’NİN TÜRKÇE GEÇERLİLİK VE GÜVENİLİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: GÜR Fatih
Published: December 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı Fiziksel Aktivite Ölçeği-2'nin (FAÖ-2) Türkçe versiyonunun geçerlilik ve güvenilirliğini test etmektir. Araştırmanın örneklemi, e-mail ve diğer online platformlar (ör. Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp) aracılığıyla çalışmaya katılmak için gönüllü olan kişiler arasından oluşturuldu. Araştırmanın dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan 125 katılımcı (%49.6 kadın, %50.4 erkek) ile çalışma gerçekleştirildi. Verilerin toplanmasında “Sosyal Demografi Anketi”, “Fiziksel Aktivite Ölçeği-2” ve “Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi-Kısa Formu” kullanıldı. Ölçeğin geçerlik-güvenirlik analizinde dil, içerik ve eşdeğer formlar geçerliliği ile test-tekrar test güvenilirlik yöntemleri kullanıldı. Ölçek maddeleri için yapılan likert puanlamanın analizi sonucunda ölçeğin madde içerik geçerliliği değeri 0.8 ile 1.0 arasında olup, ölçek içerik geçerlilik değeri ise 0.92 olarak bulundu. Eşdeğer formlar analizi sonucunda FAÖ-2 ile Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi’nin Kısa Formu arasında orta etki düzeyinde korelasyon düzeyi olduğu görüldü (r = 0.576). Ölçeğin test tekrar test güvenilirlik analizi sonucunda ise yüksek etki düzeyine sahip korelasyon değeri elde edildi (r = 0.814). Türkçe uyarlaması gerçekleştirilen FAÖ-2’nin, sağlıklı genç yetişkin popülasyon üzerinde güvenilir ve geçerli bir araç olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
SPORTİF YETENEK GELİŞTİRME ORTAMI ÖLÇEĞİ TÜRKÇE GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: BERK Yunus , AĞAOĞLU Seydi Ahmet
Published: December 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı orijinal adı “Talent Development Environment Questionnaire for Sport” olan ölçeğin Türkçe’ye uyarlanarak geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmasını yapmaktır. Ölçeğin güvenirliği Cronbach Alfa katsayısı, madde korelasyon analizi ve madde fark analizi ile ölçülmüş, birleşik güvenirlik (CR) ölçümleriyle desteklenmiştir. Geçerlik için ise açıklayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri yapılmış, ayrıca yakınsak geçerlik (AVE) değerlerine bakılmıştır. Ölçeğin normallik dağılımını sınamak için basıklık, çarpıklık değerleri hesaplanmış, faktörler arasındaki ilişkiyi sınamak için Pearson korelasyon analizi yapılmıştır. Ölçeğin güvenirlik katsayısı α=.721 olarak bulunmuştur. CR değerleri 0.79-0.89 arasında bulunmuştur. Açıklayıcı faktör analizi neticesinde ölçeğin beş alt boyuttan oluştuğu ve yeterli faktör yükü taşıdığı görülmüştür. AVE değerleri 0.49–0.67 arasında bulunmuştur. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonuçlarına göre uyum indeksleri x2/sd 1.72, RMSEA 0.035, GFI 0.95, NFI 0.92, CFI 0.96, RMR 0.03 olarak bulunmuştur. Yapılan güvenirlik analizi sonuçları ölçeğin güvenilir olduğunu, madde fark analizi ve madde kolerasyon analizi ölçeğin zamana göre değişmez ve tutarlı olduğunu göstermektedir. Ölçeğin orijinal faktör yapısını koruduğu ancak BKH faktörüne ait üç maddenin yeterli faktör yükünü taşımadığı görülmüş ve ölçekten çıkarılmıştır. Elde edilen 22 maddelik ve 5 alt boyutlu ölçek uyarlanmış ve Türkçe kullanıma uygun bulunmuştur.
SKAPULAR DİSKİNEZİ İLE SKAPULAR ENDURANS İLİŞKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ERCAN Sabriye , USTA Mert , BAŞKURT Zeliha , BAŞKURT Ferdi
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, asemptomatik bireylerde skapular diskinezi varlığının skapular enduransa etkisini ve diskinezi ile endurans arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Katılımcıların skapular diskinezi testleri (lateral skapular kayma testi, skapular destek testi, skapular retraksiyon testi) ve skapular kassal endurans testleri (skapular kassal endurans testi, duvarda push-up testi, izometrik skapular tutam testi) bilateral olarak yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya yaşı 22,45±3,19 yıl olan 90 katılımcı (kadın: %58,9; erkek: %41,1) alındı. Katılımcıların %97,8’inin dominant ekstremitesi sağ taraftı. Lateral skapular kayma testinin 0° ve 45°’deki incelemesinde %34,4, 90°’deki incelemesinde %36,7 oranında skapular diskinezi saptandı. Skapular retraksiyon ve skapular destek testlerindeki pozitiflik durumu dominant tarafta daha yüksek orandaydı. Katılımcıların skapular kassal endurans testi 50,71±29,37 saniye, duvarda push-up testi 30,17±19,70 tekrar bulundu. Katılımcıların %27,8’inde (n=25) izometrik skapular tutam testi pozitif bulundu. İzometrik skapular tutam testi sırasında katılımcıların hissettiği ağrı 1,74±2,60 puandı. Lateral skapular kayma testi pozitif olan gruplarda skapular kassal endurans testi sonucu düşük bulundu (p
Samanlı Dağları’nın jeomorfolojik gelişimine ve uzun dönemli erozyon süreçlerine morfometrik yaklaşım
Authors: GÖNENÇGİL Barbaros , HALİS Onur
Published: December 2021

Jeolojik zaman ölçeğinde drenaj havzaları, yeryüzünün şekillenmesinde rol oynayan etkenlerinkarşılıklı ilişkisini kaydeder. Drenaj havzalarına ait analizler ile jeomorfolojik ölçümler arasındakietkileşim, arazinin geçirdiği evrimi ve süreçleri değerlendirme imkânı sunar. Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri(CBS) tabanlı morfometrik analizler ve yüzey analizleri kullanılarak, Marmara Bölgesi’ningüneydoğusu’nda yer alan Samanlı Dağları’ndaki havzaların, uzun dönemli erozyon oranlarınıtahmin etmek ve jeomorfolojik görünümde baskın olan farklılığı değerlendirmeye çalışmak buçalışmanın amacını oluşturur. Bu doğrultuda nitel ve nicel analiz imkanı sunan, swath profil,normalize edilmiş nehir profili, minimum erozyon hacmi, hipsometrik eğri ve integrali, drenajhavza asimetrisi (AF), yüzey engebeliliği ile yüzey indeksi uygulanmış, Samanlı Dağları’nın yakınzamandaki evrimi ve etkili olan süreçler hakkında bilgiler elde edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Eldeedilen sonuçlara göre, alçak plato özelliği gösteren Samanlı Dağları’nın orta bölümünde ortalamanehir içbükeylilik faktörü 51,11 ve ortalama hipsometrik integral değerleri 0,35’dir. SamanlıDağları’nın batı (Armutlu Yarımadası) ve doğu bölümlerinde sırasıyla, nehir içbükeylilik faktörüortalama 21,16 ve 25,35 iken, hipsometrik integral değerleri ise ortalama 0,48 ve 0,49 ile ortabölümden daha yüksek değerler ile temsil edilir. Samanlı Dağları’nın batısından itibaren orta bölümekadar uzanan, D-B uzantılı normal faylar, Esenköy ve Yalova fayı ve doğu bölümünde de yeryer görülen fayların etkisi, yüzey engebeliliği, hipsometrik integral ve yüzey indeksi değerlerindekabaca D-B yönlü bir hat boyunca görülür. Yüksek derecede gömülmenin işareti olan bu yüzeyler,yüksek lokal rölyef değerleri, eğim kırıkları ve uzun dönemli erozyon oranları bakımından dadikkat çekicidir. Neojenden itibaren Kuzey Anadolu Fayı’nın bölgeye yerleşmesiyle, jeolojik evrimibaşlayan Marmara Denizi, kütle üzerindeki akarsular için taban seviyesini oluşturur. MarmaraDenizi’nin gelişimiyle, kütle üzerindeki uzun dönemli erozyon da şekillenmiş olmalıdır.
Yakut Governor Ivan Kraft and His Contribution to the Construction of the Amur-Yakutsk Highway at the Beginning of the 20th Century
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Dameshek Lev M. , Kushnareva Margarita D. ,   Irkutsk State University
Published: December 2021

The article considers the activities of Ivan Kraft, the governor of Yakutsk Oblast, on the incorporation of North-East Siberia into the single economic, administrative and sociocultural space of the Russian Empire. The aim of the study is to analyze Kraft's contribution to the construction and arrangement of the Amur-Yakutsk Highway at the beginning of the 20th century. To reach this aim, the authors broadly use archival sources that have not been previously published and introduced into academic discourse. The topic has theoretical and applied relevance. It has not been sufficiently studied in the historiography of North-East Siberia and is the subject of scholarly and political discussions. The key method in the study is an interdisciplinary approach to the research problem, which is at the intersection of history and economics. The authors used content analysis for a quantitative and qualitative study of these sources based on the principle of historicism and consistency. The authors determined that, in connection with the design of the Amur Railway, the Amur-Yakutsk Highway received the status of a strategic infrastructure object in the macroregion. The authors note that Kraft was the initiator of the construction of the route from Yakutsk to the Amur. The governor conducted a number of scientific and engineering surveys of the most convenient route and made applications for financing the construction of the highway. Kraft made a strategic decision to attract private companies with large capital for the construction. The Upper Amur Gold Mining Company and the Heirs of A. I. Gromova company helped build highway sections with a total length of more than 500 km, equip stations, establish telegraph communications, and construct river crossings. At the beginning of the 20th century, in the framework of modernization measures, Kraft considered Yakutsk Oblast as a mining region. This became the basis for raising the question of Yakutia's access to the Trans-Siberian Railway. The close cooperation of the government, in the person of Kraft, with large enterprises of the region was the basis for the project of constructing a railway line to Yakutsk. In conclusion, the authors note that the processes of incorporation of the Asian borderlands of Russia into the economic, administrative and sociocultural space of the state that Governor of Yakutsk Oblast Ivan Kraft began at the beginning of the 20th century were reflected in the modern policy of the Russian Federation. The Amur-Yakutsk Mainline was put into operation in 2015. At present, the problem of building a bridge across the Lena in the Yakutsk area is still relevant. In 2019, President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin signed orders to begin the construction of the bridge. This will create an international transit corridor between Europe and the Asia-Pacific region.
Types of Criminal Acts
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Shesler Alexander V. ,   Kuzbass Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia
Published: December 2021

The article examines criminal acts, with which the law associates certain criminal legal consequences. The aim of the article is to substantiate the identification of various criminal acts and show their specificity in comparison with crimes. The research is based on the domestic criminal legislation, materials of judicial practice and the legislation of the Federal Republic of Germany. The research methods are: the method of comparative law, which allowed comparing the provisions about criminal offenses in the 1960 Criminal Code of the RSFSR and in the 1996 Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the Criminal Code of Germany; the method of document analysis, which made it possible to analyze the judicial practice and proposals of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on the introduction of provisions on criminal offences in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation; the formal-logical method that made it possible to analyze the content of the norms of the Criminal Code about criminal acts. The article concludes that, in addition to crimes, criminal acts should include: a criminal offence, which entails criminal liability in the form of replacing punishment with a more severe one (fine, compulsory labor, correctional labor, restriction of freedom as the main type of punishment, forced labor) or criminal liability in the form of the cancellation of any type of probation (suspended sentence, parole, deferred sentence, deferred sentence for drug addicts); a minor act; socially dangerous behavior of persons who are not subjects of a crime due to their minor age or insanity; innocent infliction of harm. The article shows the specificity of a misdemeanour, consisting in the fact that this act is not socially dangerous, does not contain signs of a crime, violates the liability of the convicted person to be subject to limitations arising from the court-appointed punishment or type of probation (suspended sentence, parole, deferred sentence, deferred sentence for drug addicts). It is substantiated that a minor act should be referred to circumstances that exclude the criminality of an act due to the absence of public danger, an essential feature of a crime. It is argued that acts, provided for by the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, committed in a state of insanity and entailing compulsory medical measures, should not be subject to criminal law. The article criticizes the judicial practice of a broad interpretation of the commission of a crime by a group of persons, according to which it is not only a co-execution, but also any execution of the objective side of the crime by several persons, of which only one can be the perpetrator. It is argued that causing harm due to the non-compliance of the psychophysiological qualities of a person with the requirements of an extreme situation does not apply to innocent infliction of harm.
A Global Evolutionary Approach to Consciousness in Cognitive Science
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Chernikova Irina V. , Loginovskaya Yuliya V. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Published: December 2021

At the present stage of consciousness research, there is an extraordinary variety of models of consciousness proposed by science and philosophy. In this regard, the construction of a typology of consciousness concepts is appropriate, as well as the dialogue of philosophy and cognitive science in the research of consciousness. The article compares the main approaches to the phenomenon of consciousness in cognitive science: neurobiological (neural network), informational (quantum informational), and nonlinear dynamic. The authors propose to include a global evolutionary approach in this typology. The global evolutionary approach is close to a nonlinear dynamic view, but the understanding of consciousness is refined by the inclusion of control parameters that exerted impact to the sociocultural stage of universal evolution. Creativity has a special role to play in this approach. The classification is based on ideas about the real evolution of consciousness and its participation in the global evolutionary process. In such a context, consciousness is understood as a complex self-developing system, but its functioning is conditioned by the cognitive activity of the brain, body, culture, and the world. The article reveals the concepts, in which the explanation of consciousness can be correlated with the global evolutionary approach. They include the emerging modern concepts of embodied cognition, the theory of spatio-temporal neuroscience by G. Nortoff, as well as the concept of consciousness by T. Metzinger. The authors generate the hypothesis about the expediency of using the methodology of the second-order observer to discuss the problem of a unified theory of consciousness. The article indicates the correlation of these theories with the global evolutionary approach, in which the functioning of consciousness is not reduced to neural network structures of the brain, but extended to a view that consciousness is a part of the world and at the same time includes it. Thus, consciousness has a creative evolutionary potential, due to which it builds holistic images and encompasses irrational, creative parameters. The authors suggest a hypothesis about the possibility to combine first-person and third-person studies of consciousness based on the methodology of the second-order observer. In this assumption, they assess consciousness performing the function of an observer on the basis of the methodology of the second-order observer (V.I. Arshinov) and the interpretation of observation as an operation that reproduces the observer (D. Becker). The observer of complexity (the observer of the second order) in this context is consciousness, or rather self-consciousness. The observer simultaneously observes and generates processes, forming a kind of an “assemblage point” of reality, in which the agent-based properties of the observer of complexity are manifested.
BÜTÜNLEŞTİRİLMİŞ MATEMATİK VE HAYAT BİLGİSİ ÖĞRETİMİNİN İLKOKUL 3. SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN DERSLERDEKİ AKADEMİK BAŞARILARINA ETKİSİ
Authors: BAŞ Murat , TAY Bayram , IŞIK TERTEMİZ Neşe
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı bütünleştirilmiş matematik ve hayat bilgisi öğretiminin ilkokul 3. sınıf öğrencilerinin matematik ve hayat bilgisi akademik başarılarına etkisini incelemektir. Araştırmada, nicel araştırma desenlerinden ön test-son test kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Araştırma 2019-2020 eğitim-öğretim yıllında Kırşehir ilinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, Kırşehir il merkezinde bulunan bir ilkokulun 3.sınıfına devam eden 66 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin toplanmasında araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen Matematik Başarı Testi ve Hayat Bilgisi Başarı Testi kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada disiplinler arası yaklaşım modelinde yer alan çok disiplinli desenlerden paylaşımlı desen işe koşulmuştur. Araştırmanın denel işlem süreci 8 haftadır. Verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistik puanları için aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma, standart hata ve düzeltilmiş p değerleri kullanılmıştır. Verilerin normal dağılımları test edildikten sonra ölçümler için Bağımlı Örneklem t testi ve Bağımsız Örneklem t testi işe koşulmuştur. Çalışma sonunda elde edilen bulgulara göre; deney ve kontrol grubu öğrencilerinin gruplar arası son testler ve erişi puan ortalamaları karşılaştırmalarında deney grubu lehine anlamlı farklar bulunmuştur. Ayrıca hem deney hem de kontrol grubunun grup içi ön test-son test karşılaştırmalarında son test lehine anlamlı fark olduğu görülmüştür. Başka bir deyişle deney grubunda uygulanan bütünleştirilmiş programın her iki derste de öğrenci başarısını kontrol grubunda uygulanan geleneksel öğretime göre daha çok artırdığı söylenebilir.
5. SINIF SOSYAL BİLGİLER DERS KİTABINDA YER ALAN ETKİNLİKLERİN 2018 SOSYAL BİLGİLER DERSİ ÖĞRETİM PROGRAMI’NDA YER ALAN KAZANIMLAR AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: AZRAK Seher
Published: December 2021

Ders kitaplarının en önemli ve etkili kısmını öğrenme etkinlikleri oluşturur. Öğrenme etkinlikleri ile öğrenciler derse etkin katılım gösterirler. Öğrencilerin öğrendiklerini kendi deneyimleri ile kalıcı hale getirmeleri öğrenme etkinlikleri ile sağlanır. Öğrenme etkinlikleri öğretim programında yer alan kazanımlara yönelik olmalıdır. Ders kitaplarının ünite sonu değerlendirme çalışmaları ise, ünitede verilmesi hedeflenen kazanımların öğrenciler tarafından kazanılıp kazanılmadığının değerlendirilmesi bakımından önemlidir. Bu sayede öğrenme-öğretme sürecinin etkililiği ve verimliliği konusunda öğretmene dönüt sağlanmış olur. Öğretmene de öğrencilerde bulunan eksiklikleri görerek düzeltme imkânı sağlar. Başka bir deyişle ders kitaplarındaki etkinliklerde yer alan sorular ile öğretim programlarındaki kazanımların ne ölçüde gerçekleştiği ortaya konulabilir. Dolayısıyla ders kitaplarında yer alan ünite içi öğrenme etkinlikleri ile ünite sonu değerlendirme çalışmalarının kazanımlarla uyumlu olmasının önemli olduğu söylenebilir. Bu araştırma ile amaçlanan da, 2018 Sosyal Bilgiler Dersi Öğretim Programı’nda yer alan kazanımların, 2019-2020 öğretim yılında okutulan 5. sınıf Sosyal Bilgiler ders kitabındaki ünite sonu değerlendirme çalışmalarında ve ünite içinde yer alan öğrenme etkinliklerinde ne düzeyde bulunduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma, nitel araştırma yaklaşımına uygun olarak doküman analizi yöntemiyle yapılmıştır. Araştırmada, ünitelerde verilmesi planlanan tüm kazanımlarla ilgili, ünite içi öğrenme etkinliklerinin ve ünite sonu çalışmalarının hazırlanmış olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Who Wants to Learn English Online for free?
Authors: Chacón-Beltrán Rubén , Echitchi Raymond
Published: December 2021

This study of demographics is aimed to help LMOOC designers develop courses that are more appealing to prospective learners, and thus fight low completion rate which remains one of the main drawbacks of MOOCs. In addition, as the world battles against the COVID-19 pandemic looking for alternative learning approaches is unavoidable. The data presented in this paper were collected between 2016 and 2020 by means of a questionnaire that over 29,000 participants completed upon registration. The questionnaire, which included three multiple-choice questions aimed at obtaining responses regarding age, level of education and gender, revealed that most learners were middle-aged adults who held a university degree. In addition, our findings seemed to indicate that female learners are more likely to take the courses than their male counterparts. The aforementioned findings, which provide an insight into the demographics of EFL MOOCs in Spanish-speaking contexts, is a good starting point for further research which could ultimately help educational authorities know the impact of EFL MOOCs and enable the latter to reach a wider audience.
The Language of Russian Fake Stories: A Corpus-Based Study of the Topical Change in the Viral Disinformation
Authors: Monogarova Alina , Shiryaeva Tatyana , Arupova Nadezhda
Published: December 2021

The spread of disinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic is largely associated with social media and online messengers. Viral disinformation disseminated in 2020–2021 was related to a wide range of topics that caused panic among people. Many false narratives emerged and attracted public interest over time, which mainly reflected the general public’s utmost belief in these topics. Text mining can be used to analyze the frequencies of keywords and topic-related vocabulary in order to track the changing focus of the public concerning online disinformation. In this paper, we present the results of a corpus-based study of Russian viral fake stories circulating during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We propose a method for analyzing the central topics and dynamics of topical change in the context of the Russian COVID-19-fake story. In order to accomplish this objective, we make use of a set of tools to extract keywords, count their frequencies and analyze corresponding contexts. We apply these tools to the compiled specialized diachronic corpus of Russian viral false COVID-19-related stories. The obtained data is evaluated to determine the dynamic of topical shifts by tracking the changes in keyword frequencies as well as the use of other high-frequency corpus words. The findings of the work concerning topical fluctuations in the Russian viral COVID-19 disinformation agenda as well as given explanations for the identified drifts in public interest in the topics during the first year of the pandemic can contribute to developing effective strategies for combating the spread of fakes in the future.
Covid-19: An Impromptu or Trend-setting Factor in Research on Language and Education?
Authors: Raitskaya Lilia , Tikhonova Elena
Published: December 2021

With the flood of research on Covid-19 in 2020 and 2021, pandemic-induced emergency is giving rise to new unprecedented challenges for all strata of the society, including science and education. The JLE editors focus on the first outcomes and hurdles the pandemic-caused research publishing has led to. The authors dwell upon the research on education in the context of COVID-19 constraints with a special accent on higher education and L2 teaching, considering the key trends as a response to the gaps in the field knowledge. Some attention is paid to emerging linguistic research and new word coinages to define the new phenomena. The editors summarize the obstacles that “fast-track” publishing and shortened peer review have built up, suggesting some estimates as of the Covid-19 effects of the research avalanche for science.
Microbial and heavy metals examination of Expellers groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) oil
Authors: Awad M Babeker , AA Abdalla , AR Ahmed , Mohammed Alhadi Ebrahiem
Published: December 2021

This study was designed to determine the microbial and heavy metal contamination level in expeller’s groundnut oil. Ten samples of groundnut oil were collected, labeled from E1 to E10 and the microbial and heavy metals examination tests were laboratory assessed. The study results showed that, the Total Count of Bacteria (TCB) for all oil Expellers samples was 33.8 Colony Forming Unit (Cfu)/ml oil. The highestt value was (111 Cfu/ml) in E10 and the lowest value (7 Cfu/ml oil) in E1. Concerning the Total Count of Fungal (TCF) for all samples was 31.4 and 6.75 Cfu/1ml for the yeast and mould respectively. Yeasts highest count was 109 Cfu/ml in E10 and the lowest count was 6 Cfu/ml in E1. while moulds highest count was 18 Cfu/ml in E10 and the lowest number of 2 Cfu/ml oil was found in E2. The bacterial detection test of Staph, Bacillus, Coliform, and E.Coli in the oils Expellers explored that no bacterial presence in E1, E3, and E7 but, the four types were recorded in E5, E9 and E10. On the other hand E2, E6 and E8 showed positive detection to Staph and Bacillus, while E4 was positive to Bacillus detection only. The Concentration of Iron (Fe) on expeller oil samples (E2, E3, E4, E6, E7, E8, E9 and E10) was higher than the minimum specification limit of 5meq/kg for heavy metals, but E1 and E5 were within the minimum specification limit. All expellers oil samples were higher than acceptable limit for Copper (Cu) concentration that established by SSMO and Codex alimentary for heavy metals of less than 0.1meq/kg. As well as, the Concentration value of Lead (Pb) all expeller oil samples were above the specification limit of heavy metals that should not be more than 0.1meq/kg.
Efecto de las interacciones de estudiantes de ciencias con laboratorios virtuales de realidad aumentada para el desarrollo de visualización espacial
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio grande do Sul (Brasil), Herpich Fabrício , da Silva Patricia Fernández ,   Universidade Federal do Rio grande do Sul (Brasil), Tarouco Liane Margarida Rockenbach ,   Universidade Federal do Rio grande do Sul (Brasil)
Published: December 2021

The main scope of this article is to highlight the potential of student interactions in Scienceteaching, from educational resources in augmented reality, and its effect on the development of spatialvisualization skills. Therefore, it presents a contextualization about Science teaching, the use of reallaboratories, as well as its limitations, presenting as an alternative the use of educational resources inaugmented reality with the support of mobile devices. The solution was tested in activities thatcomplement the Science teaching and learning process with basic education students in Brazil. It aimedto investigate whether students' interactions with educational resources in augmented reality cancontribute to the development of spatial visualization skills. The methodological procedures wereorganized in a quasi-experimental approach, through activities foreseen in a test protocol carried outwith 208 participants divided into two groups: Control (n=96 subjects) and Experimental (n=112subjects). In general terms, the results of this research point to contributions arising from theinteractions of students with educational resources in augmented reality, both for the development ofspatial visualization skills, as well as for the observation of the phenomenon and understanding of theabstract concepts associated with it, formulation and testing of hypotheses, as well as conclusions fromthe situations experienced.
CAMP test v1
Authors: not provided lydiariver
Published: December 2021

Group B Streptococcus agalactiae has CAMP factor which allow it to hemolized zones when it is grown on blood agar plates near to Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25293 colonies, this effect is brought about by Staphylococcus aureus sphingomyelinase.
LEGAL CERTAINTY IN THE ASPECT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Ostapenko H.
Published: December 2021

The article addresses the analyses of adherence to the legal certainty principle while the local government exercises its powers, which are enlarged during the reform of decentralization. It is stated that while the powers belonged to state government, the adherence of the legal certainty principle was found as very important to protect citizens from unpredictable and unequal treatment. So as soon as the powers were handed over to local government the protection of legal certainty principle still remains actual. Legal certainty requires clarity and legibility of legal provisions, limitation of discretive powers, promulgation and publication of legal acts in advance etc. These elements must be adhered realizing local powers. One of the elements legal certainty requires is protection of the legitimate expectations of citizens. A number of court decisions which are analyzed in the article prove that breaking of legitimate expectations happens frequently. Emphasis is made on preventing such practices and on the need to respect legal certainty as a mandatory requirement of the rule of law. The necessity of observance of the requirements of legal certainty at promulgation of acts by local self-government bodies and making the citizens know about them is determined.
UNAUTHORIZED CONSTRUCTION: SOME PROBLEMS OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY IN TERMS OF REGULATORY LEGISLATION OF UKRAINE AND REGULATIONS OF CRIMINAL OFFENSES
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Ptaschenko D.
Published: December 2021

The article examines some problems of criminal liability for unauthorized construction in terms of regulatory legislation of Ukraine, actual situations and regulations of criminal offenses. The issue of comparing the normative composition of criminal offenses with the regulatory and protective (administrative) law of Ukraine (primarily legislation in the field of urban planning) is highlighted. It is concluded that the filling of the specific legal content of unauthorized (spontaneous) construction should not be limited to its definition only for construction work without obtaining the right to such construction work in accordance with the Law of Ukraine "On Regulation of Urban Development" (in the so-called narrow sense). Actions of the objective side of the relevant legal corpus delicti can hardly be considered justified and outside the criminal law regulation will contain a significant amount of real factual situations, which in the degree of public danger is the same or even greater severity and will fully meet the criteria of criminal offenses (Art. 11 of the Criminal Code), and accordingly, is to be recognized as a criminal offense. It is also investigated that the formation of a specific legal content of unauthorized construction as a criminal offense can not be reduced to the provisions of the laws of Ukraine (in particular, the CC), and guided only by formal indicators (e.g. presence or absence of a document entitling to construction work) – "filling" with such content may be carried out by by-laws governing the possibility of acquiring the right to perform construction work outside the generally established procedure
PANDEMIC (COVID-19) EFFECT ON FINANCIAL STATEMENTS: THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT AND ORGANIZATIONS FOR FUTURE PREVENTION
Authors: Thottoli M. M.
Published: December 2021

COVID-19 pandemic period impedes business operations and world economic growth. This type of pandemic may happen again in the future. Hence, the objectives of the study are to find out the pandemic effect on items in financial statements; to predict the future effect on items in the financial statements, and to find out the role of government and organizations for future prevention of the adverse effects on financial statements due to the pandemic. The analysis is based on a large number of publicly available sources, including research papers, governmental documents, and reports. The study has taken 8 ratios compared with 80 listed companies around the globe. During the pandemic period the magnitude of adverse effect on business operations depends upon the decision and actions of external bodies (WHO, governments) and internal ones (organizations) parties. The findings revealed that the role of government and organizations for future prevention of ‘Pandemic Effect on Financial Statements’ is vital to defend against future pandemic situations. This study has added a new discussion to the body of knowledge, i.e. examining pandemic (COVID-19) effect on business operational activities and its financial statements; hence, an approach that is not widely discussed in the previous studies.
About VII europian symposium concerning psychosomatical investigations in obstetrics and gynaecology. Debretsen. Hungary
Authors: Kaplun I. B. , Abramchenko V. V.
Published: December 2021

Review of books presented of interest at a symposium on psychosomatic research in obstetrics and gynecology in Hungar
Testing the Synchronicity of Splay-Fault Ruptures in Carson Valley, Nevada, United States
Authors: Pierce Ian K. D. , Wesnousky Steven G. , Saha Sourav , Moon Seulgi
Published: December 2021

The Carson City and Indian Hills faults in Carson City, Nevada, splay northeastward from the major range-bounding Genoa fault. Each splay is part of the Carson range fault system that extends nearly 100 km northward from near Markleeville, California, to Reno, Nevada. Stratigraphic and structural relationships exposed in paleoseismic excavations across the two faults yield a record of ground-rupturing earthquakes. The most recent on the Carson City fault occurred around 473–311 B.P., with the two penultimate events between 17.9 and 8.1 ka. Two trench exposures across the Indian Hills fault record the most recent earthquake displacement after ∼900 yr, preceded by a penultimate surface rupture ≥∼10,000, based on radiocarbon and infrared-stimulated luminescence dating of exposed sediments. The age estimates allow that the Carson City and Indian Hills faults ruptured simultaneously with a previously reported large earthquake on the Genoa fault ∼514–448 B.P. Similar synchronicity of rupture is not observed in the record of penultimate events. Penultimate ages of ruptures on the Carson City and Indian Hills faults are several thousand years older than that of the Genoa fault from which they splay. Together, these observations imply a variability in rupture moment through time, demonstrating the importance of considering multi-fault rupture models for seismic hazard analyses.
A Far-Field Ground-Motion Model for the North Australian Craton from Plate-Margin Earthquakes
Authors: Allen Trevor I.
Published: December 2021

The Australian territory is just over 400 km from an active convergent plate margin with the collision of the Sunda–Banda Arc with the Precambrian and Palaeozoic Australian continental crust. Seismic energy from earthquakes in the northern Australian plate-margin region are channeled efficiently through the low-attenuation North Australian craton (NAC), with moderate-sized (Mw≥5.0) earthquakes in the Banda Sea commonly felt in northern Australia. A far-field ground-motion model (GMM) has been developed for use in seismic hazard studies for sites located within the NAC. The model is applicable for hypocentral distances of approximately 500–1500 km and magnitudes up to Mw 8.0. The GMM provides coefficients for peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, and 5%-damped pseudospectral acceleration at 20 oscillator periods from 0.1 to 10 s. A strong hypocentral depth dependence is observed in empirical data, with earthquakes occurring at depths of 100–200 km demonstrating larger amplitudes for short-period ground motions than events with shallower hypocenters. The depth dependence of ground motion diminishes with longer spectral periods, suggesting that the relatively larger ground motions for deeper earthquake hypocenters may be due to more compact ruptures producing higher stress drops at depth. Compared with the mean Next Generation Attenuation-East GMM developed for the central and eastern United States (which is applicable for a similar distance range), the NAC GMM demonstrates significantly higher short-period ground motion for Banda Sea events, transitioning to lower relative accelerations for longer period ground motions.
A laboratory test of the expanded hopelessness theory of depression
Authors:   , De Fronzo Roseanne , Panzarella Catherine , Geller Pamela A
Published: December 2021

Cross-sectional and prospective research indicates that inferential feedback, a newly identified subtype of social support that exists along an adaptive to maladaptive continuum, impacts depressed mood, depressogenic inferences, and depressive disorders (Panzarella & Alloy, 1995; Panzarella, DeFronzo, Cascardi, Truesdell, & Alloy, 2002). However, inferential feedback has not been manipulated in any prior study making it difficult to determine if it plays a causal role in depression. The current study represents the first controlled test of the role of adaptive inferential feedback in the reduction of depressive symptoms and depressogenic cognitive inferences. One hundred forty seven college undergraduates from a diverse urban university participated in a laboratory study with a partner (e.g., friend, classmate). Participants and partners were separated upon their arrival to the lab. Participants completed a "cognitive abilities test that predicts professional success" and received failure feedback regarding their performance on this task. Participants were told to discuss the failure experience with their partner. Partners were randomly assigned to offer either adaptive inferential feedback, general/non specific social support that did not include an adaptive inferential feedback component, or no social support to the participant following the cognitive abilities test, holding all other factors constant. As expected, individuals who received adaptive inferential feedback demonstrated the greatest decreases in dysphoria and depressogenic inferences following the receipt of feedback, compared to the other social support conditions. These findings provide preliminary empirical support for a causal relationship between inferential feedback, depressed mood, and depressogenic inferences. Implications for the role of adaptive inferential feedback as a clinical tool are discussed in light of the study's findings.
Using Arc GIS to explore the impact of environmental and ecological factors on water body
Authors: Liu Xiaoqing , Wang Juanfen
Published: December 2021

As water pollution is more and more serious, ArcGIS is proposed to explore the impact of environmental and ecological factors on water. Taking the river water quality as the research object, this paper simulates and analyzes the endogenous and non-point source pollution and water
quality through indoor physical model experiment, hydrological and water quality numerical model and water quality numerical model, and analyzes the impact of different environmental changes on river water quality and pollution sources from micro and macro perspectives. The main contents include:
experimental study on the influence mechanism of overlying water velocity, disturbance and water temperature on sediment endogenous release, construction and simulation of watershed non-point source pollution model, construction and simulation of watershed river water quality model, as well
as the impact of environmental change on river water quality and quantitative analysis of river pollution sources.
Expression of scrum CYR61 mRNA and protein in patients with tibial fracture and its relationship with prognosis
Authors: Dou Meifang , Li Yanbin , Liu Panpan , Yi Li'an
Published: December 2021

Objective: To explore the relationship between the expression of serum CYR61 mRNA and protein and prognosis in patients with tibial fracture. Methods: Eighty-six patients with tibiofibular fractures (fracture group) admitted to Xi'an Central
Hospital from July 2016 to July 2018 and 84 healthy controls (control group) who underwent physical examination in our hospital were selected as the study subjects. The imaging healing score (RUST) and prognosis were divided into two subgroups, 74 in the normal healing group and 10 in the
abnormal healing group. The serum CYR61 mRNA and protein expression levels were compared and the relationship between serum CYR61 mRNA and protein expression levels and fracture prognosis was analyzed. Result: The relative expression levels of CYR61 mRNA and protein
in the normal healing group were (2.35±0.49) and (0.33±0.10), respectively (2.0210.29) and (0.23±0.07) in the abnormal healing group and 1.8810.37 in the control group.), (0.26±0.06), the difference between the three groups was statistically significant (P<0.05),
and the serum CYR61 mRNA and CYR61 protein in the normal healing group were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05), and the serum CYR61 mRNA in the abnormal healing group. CYR61 protein was significantly lower than the normal healing group (P<0.05). The RUST of the normal
healing group was (11.3511.51), which was higher than that of the abnormal healing group (7.1710.95), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Serum CYR61 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly positively correlated with prognosis (P<0.05). ROC curve
analysis showed that the AUC of serum CYR61 mRNA and protein were 0.735 and 0.778, respectively, and the Cut-off values were 2.363 and 0.338, respectively. The sensitivities were 60.80% and 54.10%, respectively, and the specificities were 80.00% and 90.00%, respectively. They were 0.408 and
0.441, respectively, thus indicating that serum CYR61 mRNA and protein expression levels have predictive value for prognosis. Conclusion: The higher the mRNA and protein expression levels of serum CYR61 in early stage, the better the prognosis of fracture healing
in patients with tibiofibular fractures. To a certain extent, serum CYR61 can be used as a reference for predicting the prognosis of tibiofibular fractures.
Effect of psychological nursing combined with medication on postoperative pain in patients with mixed hemorrhoids
Authors: Chen Jing , Qu Xiuna , Wang Huimin , Zhou Xiaoyan
Published: December 2021

The study analyzes the practical effect of applying psychological nursing combined with medication to relieve pain in patients with mixed sore after surgery. A total of 60 patients with mixed sores treated in our hospital from April 2017 to April 2018 were selected as research subjects.
All patients were divided into observers and control groups using random number methods. The control group was treated with routine nursing and in the treatment group, the observation group was treated with psychological nursing combined with medication, and the postoperative pain scores,
patient satisfaction with pain control, post-anal eczema, and psycho-emotional score were compared between the two groups. In the pain score of 24 hours after surgery and the defecation pain score of 5 days after surgery, the observation group was significantly lower than the control group
(P <0.05). In terms of patient satisfaction with pain control, the observation group was significantly better than the control group (P <0.05).), The perianal eczema in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P <0.05); the psychological and emotional
score of the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group (P <0.05), and the differences were statistically significant. For patients with mixed sores, the application of psychological nursing combined with drug treatment has significant effects, significantly
reducing the pain of defecation after 24 hours and 5 days after surgery. Patients are more satisfied with pain control, which is worthy of promotion and application in clinical treatment and nursing.
A Study on the “SFL”Model of College English Blended Teaching in Smokeless Campus in the Post-epidemic Era
Authors: Siying Meng , Jie Zheng , Ruifeng Luo
Published: December 2021

The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 has changed the teaching mode of colleges and universities, leading to the transformation of teaching philosophy and innovation of teaching technology. Based on this, the paper constructs the “SFL” model of college English blended teaching,
namely “Spoc + Flipped classroom + Live broadcast”. Guided by New Constructivism, the model is characterized by independent inquiry, cooperative learning, teacher guidance and live broadcast interaction, breaking the traditional ways of teaching. The paper analyzes and discusses
the experimental process and results of the first round of integrated English course under the model of “SFL”, in order to explore the effective ways of college English blended teaching under the good environment required by the public health of post-epidemic era, namely, smokeless
campus, and provide reference for other colleges and universities.
Performance and Control of Tobacco in Chinese Film and Television Dramas
Authors: Xiaoya Dai , Suliu He , Tingxuan Wang
Published: December 2021

Objectives: China is the world's largest country in tobacco cultivation, production, consumption and smokers. The number of smokers accounts for nearly 30% of the total number of smokers in the world. 740 million people are endangered by "second hand smoke",
most of them women and children. To ac hieve the goal of healthy China, tobacco control is a very important link. Reducing the number of smokers is an important problem to be solved, and the mass media plays an important role in this problem. Once tobacco is shaped as a positive symbol in
mass communication, smoking will become an unhealthy social atmosphere. Then, what kind of image tobacco generally appears in the mass media and what impact it will bring to the society, this paper attempts to explore the tobacco symbols in Chinese film and tel evision dramas as the research
object.