bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cost Benefit Analysis Origin And Applicability Of Its Recent Advances: A Critical Review
Authors: Odek Robert , Oluoch Josephat
Published: February 2023

This study reviewed a number of empirical pieces of literature on cost-benefit analysis origin, advancements in its methods, and their applicability. This study applied semi-systematic review by relying on previous publications (20 publications were fully reviewed) in line with this study topic. The collected data was analyzed with the application of narrative synthesis. There are mixed ideas on the origin of cost benefit analysis. This study concludes that cost benefit analysis was first practiced in China in the 11th Century at the palace construction site. It then spread to the Bavarian Army. The French engineers embraced this technique in the execution of public works in 1708 before the American National Resource Committee incorporated it. Moreover, cost benefit analysis was authoritatively documented in the United States of America in the green book by a sub-committee on benefits and costs where principles and procedures for determining costs and benefits were clarified for reference. Other countries hence embraced Cost benefit analysis after its documentation in the United States. Advances in cost benefit analysis include; willingness to pay which exhibits the definite intention of clients in regard to how they value what they intend to purchase. That is, it expresses the degree the clients are ready to consume a particular product. On the other hand, conjoint analysis aids in determining willingness to pay, such that it offers a client an array of characteristics of a product which enables the client to settle on the most preferred product feature. It is shown that designing a conjoint technique is complex. Conjoint is tested at the individual level and the model utilized in collecting data is uniformly applicable assuming that all respondents have a similar modeled preference that does not match the real-life situation. Accordingly, information on product attributes could alternatively be obtained via a questionnaire or interview schedule in determining customers� preferences and not necessarily through the use of conjoint. This review criticizes conjoint analysis as Cost Benefit Analysis method on the basis of its complexity and thus other data collection methods are offered like questionnaires and interview schedules. The study also confirms that advances in cost benefit analysis can be applied in all sectors of the economy since they have been empirically tested. It contributes to the comprehension of the origin of cost-benefit analysis, the advancement in cost-benefit methods, and critique on the methods of cost benefit analysis.
Epigenetic Effects of Social Stress and Epigenetic Inheritance
Authors: EKMEKCİ Halime Sena , MUFTAREVİÇ Sümeyye
Published: February 2023

Social events that cause stress can cause epigenetic changes on living things. The study of the effects of social events experienced by an individual on epigenetic marks on the genome has created the field of social epigenetics. Social epigenetics examines the effects of psychosocial stress factors such as poverty, war trauma and childhood abuse on epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic mechanisms alter chemical markers in the genome structure without changing the DNA sequence. Among these mechanisms, DNA methylation in particular may have different phenotypic effects in response to stressors that may occur in the psychosocial environment. Post-traumatic stress disorder is one of the most significant proofs of the effects of epigenetic expressions altered due to traumatic events on the phenotype. The field of epigenetic inheritance has shown that epigenetic changes triggered by environmental influences can, in some cases, be transmitted through generations. This field provides a better understanding of the basis of many psychological disorders. This review provides an overview of social epigenetics, PTSD, and epigenetic inheritance.
Psychosocial Support Programs and Telepsychiatry Services Implemented in the World and Türkiye during the Pandemic
Authors: YÜCE Zeynep , ŞİMŞEK Nuray
Published: February 2023

In this study, which addresses the psychosocial dimension of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is seen that the pandemic has increased the frequency of anxiety, anxiety, fear, and depression in the society. In this process in the world and in Türkiye, the majority of psychosocial support programs and mental health services are provided on online platforms and the frequency of use of telepsychiatry services has increased. In this study, Google Scholar and Pub Med were scanned and relevant domestic and international studies were examined. The aim of this article was to draw attention to the innovations brought about by the epidemic in the provision of mental health services to people and suggestions were made in order to contribute to the relevant literature.
Emotion-Focused Couple Therapy: A Review of Theory and Practice
Authors: ŞENOL Alperen , GÜRBÜZ Fatmagül , TUZGÖL DOST Meliha
Published: February 2023

Emotion-Focused Couple Therapy is a relatively short-term and effective couples therapy developed to change the negative interaction cycles and emotional reactions of couples experiencing difficulties in their relationships. While laying the foundations of this approach, which focuses on emotions, humanist and systemic principles were used. In this article, it is aimed to present a compilation study that includes the theoretical and practical processes of emotion-focused couple therapy for mental health professionals. The basic assumptions of emotion-focused therapy and how these affect couple therapy practice are examined. Various themes are outlined, including working with emotion types, the role of the therapist, therapy phases, and case formulation. Types of emotion-focused couples therapy developed for specific groups of couples with a particular background have also been discussed. Finally, the strengths and limitations of the approach, its place in couples therapy, and suggestions for future research are presented.
Skin Cancer-Related Health Behavior Interventions in the Context of the Health Belief Model
Authors: ÇELİK Burak Ahmet , KOÇ Volkan
Published: February 2023

The incidence of skin cancer is increasing around the world every year. Although there are many reasons for the occurrence of skin cancer, UV radiation caused by sunlight is seen as the most important factor. Therefore, reducing exposure to UV radiation should be a top priority for skin cancer prevention. In addition, different demographic features also affect the amount of UV exposure. These include age, gender and professional groups. On the other hand, people can be exposed to UV radiation voluntarily. Sunbathing or using tanning devices can be shown as examples for this. For these reasons, interventions to reduce exposure to UV radiation should focus on demographic features and the desire to tan. At the same time, it is emphasized in the literature that theory-based and systematic interventions are more effective than others. In this context, we think that the Health Belief Model, which is an effective psychosocial model for health behaviors, will be useful in developing sun protection behaviors. In this review, interventions based on the Health Belief Model in the context of tanning behavior, age, gender, and outdoor activities for the prevention of skin cancer and the improvement of sun protection behaviors have been discussed.
Religious Moderation Scale (RM-S): Validitas, Reliabilitas dan Implikasinya dalam Bimbingan dan Konseling
Authors: Monalisa Monalisa , Syaputra Yogi Damai , Ummah Yoyoh Khoirotul , Muhamad Akmal Fatah
Published: February 2023

Pemahaman tentang moderasi beragama sangat diperlukan oleh seseorang. Untuk mengukur tingkat pemahaman seseorang tentang moderasi beragama diperlukan suatu alat ukur yang valid dan reliabel. Belum ditemukannya alat ukur tingkat pemahaman moderasi beragama menjadi dasar dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melahirkan suatu alat ukur yang valid dan reliabel dalam mengukur tingkat pemahaman moderasi beragama para siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan cross sectional design. Uji validitas dilakukan dengan analisis teknik pearson product moment. Uji reliabilitas dianalisis dengan teknik cronbach alpha. Indikator penelitian ini meliputi empat aspek yakni 1) komitmen kebangsaan; 2) toleransi; 3) anti-kekerasan; 4) akomodatif terhadap budaya lokal. Hasil penelitian ini diberi nama dengan religious moderation scale (RM-S) Skala ini menghasilkan 24 (dua puluh empat) butir item pernyataan valid dengan nilai Sig. < 0.05. Religious moderation scale memiliki tingkat reliabilitas sebesar 0.841 dengan rincian 8 butir item untuk indikator komitmen kebangsaan, 6 butir item pada indikator toleransi, 7 butir item pada indikator anti-kekerasan dan 5 butir pada indikator akomodatif terhadap budaya lokal. Skala ini bisa digunakan oleh konselor dan peneliti berikutnya untuk mengukur tingkat pemahaman moderasi beragama siswa. temuanya bisa menjadi dasar bagi konselor dalam menentukan intervensi atau layanan bimbingan dan konseling yang sesuai untuk meningkatkan pemahaman moderasi beragama siswa.
Hubungan antara Kecemasan dan Kecanduan Internet dengan Insomnia pada Mahasiswa Yang Sedang Skripsi
Authors: M. Zuhdi Zainul Majdi  , Sulastri Mulyana
Published: February 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kecemasan dan kecanduan internet dengan insomnia pada mahasiswa yang sedang skripsi. Penelitian ini menggunakandesain kuantitatif non eksperimental. Pengambilan subjek menggunakan purposive sampling. Responden dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 40 orang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan 3 instrumen; skala insomnia, skala kecanduan internet, skala kecemasan. Analisis data menggunakan regresi linier berganda dengan bantuan SPSS. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungansignifikanantara kecemasan dan kecanduan internet dengan insomnia pada mahasiswa yang sedang skripsi. Semakin tinggi tingkat kecemasan dan kecanduan internet maka semakin tinggi juga tingkat insomnia yang dialami siswa.
Hubungan antara Locus Of Control dengan Kematangan Karier pada Mahasiswa: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis
Authors: Dhila Ihsanul Hasanah  , Rina Nurhudi Ramdhani  , Agus Taufiq  , Setiawati
Published: February 2023

Banyaknya mahasiswa yang belum mampu memutuskan pilihan karier yang akan mereka tekuni setelah lulus di perguruan tinggi, serta tingginya angka sarjana pengangguran yang salah satunya dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya kematangan karier yang dimiliki. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kematangan karier adalah locus of control. Locus of control menggambarkan seberapa jauh individu memandang keyakinan dirinya terhadap usaha yang dilakukannya untuk mencapai karier. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hubungan antara locus of control dengan kematangan karier pada mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode systematic literature review dengan pedoman PRISMA. Data yang digunakan adalah kumpulan artikel tentang locus of control dan kematangan karier pada mahasiswa. Data bersumber dari pencarian artikel pada database Google Scholar dan Crossref dengan bantuan aplikasi Publish or Perish (POP). Strategi pencarian artikel menggunakan kata kunci sesuai dengan topik dari 10 tahun terakhir yaitu tahun 2012-2022. Artikel-artikel tersebut diskrining dan dilakukan penilaian kelayakan jurnal sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Penelitian ini menggunakan 6 artikel utama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara locus of control internal dengan kematangan karier pada mahasiswa. Artinya, semakin tinggi locus of control internal mahasiswa maka semakin tinggi kematangan karier pada mahasiswa.
Cybercrime Evolution and Current Threats
Authors: OPRIȘ Cristian
Published: February 2023

Cybercrime may be the biggest global threat in our time. This article reviews the current evolution of cybercrime and highlights some types of cybersecurity attacks: phishing, web-based attacks, malware, Denial of Service, Zero Day Manipulations, Cross-Site Scripting and IoT threats. We take a detailed study on ransomware phenomenon and present security measures that can protect companies and individuals regarding the current threats in cybersecurity field.
Face proportions
Authors: Łącka Monika , Teresa Matthews‑Brzozowskab Teresa
Published: February 2023

The paper presents views on the face proportions on the basis of selected literature of the last ten years in terms of facial aesthetics. 13 reports from the period of 10 years were analyzed, showing that the proportions of the face are not the most relevant for the assessment of the aesthetics of the face, an individual, original, unique face image is more important.
Citrus peels in cosmetics
Authors: Żwawiak Justyna , Zaprutko Lucjusz
Published: February 2023

Citrus, in addition to the undoubted taste values appreciated for many centuries, are also characterized by significant health-promoting properties, thanks to the natural ingredients with significant activity. Around the world, the most consumed part of citrus is fresh flesh or the juice squeezed from it. The residue in the form of skins is treated by consumers as waste, but in fact it is a rich source of molasses, pectins and polyphenols, vitamins, mineral salts, essential oils and carotenoids with antioxidant activity. These substances very often appear in cosmetics that are use for face skin care. They can delay the formation of wrinkles and help to maintain skin elasticity.
Modification of the face and its symbolism
Authors: Miądowicz-Owczarzak Katarzyna , Borysewicz-Lewicka Maria
Published: February 2023

Taking care of the external appearance, and in particular the face, has been and is a phenomenon that binds society bonding in everyday and cultural life. Body decoration, including the face, falls under the categories of modification of the so‑called transforming and can take many forms. The article discusses the phenomenon of face modification and its symbolic meaning on the examples of tattoos (Polynesian „moka”, Japanese „kanji inu”) piercing (Murs tribe), scarification (tribal scars) as well as extreme forms of modification („bagel head”).
Pengaruh Penerapan Problem-based Learning Terhadap Motivasi siswa SMP
Authors: Mustaghfirin Mustaghfirin
Published: February 2023

Dalam proses pembelajaran di kelas, kebosanan dalam kegiatan belajar dapat menurunkan motivasi belajar siswa. Sehingga diperlukan pembelajaran dengan metode pembelajaran tertentu seperti problem base learning untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan Problem Base Learning apakah dapat meningkatkan motivasi peserta didik tingkat Sekolah Menengah Pertama di kelas. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan tindakan kelas dalam pengumpulan datanya. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian yang dilakukan pada pembelajaran Informatika kelas VII di SMP Negeri 1 Wonotunggal pada model pembelajaran Problem Base Learning, siswa mampu terlibat secara aktif, dan model tersebut merupakan salah satu alternatif yang menjadikan pembelajaran lebih aktif, efektif, dan menyenangkan, yang mana adalah antisipasi untuk memotivasi siswa. Hasil menunjukkan model pembelajaran Problem Base Learning memiliki dampak yang cukup besar terhadap keinginan peserta didik untuk melanjutkan pendidikannya. Siswa kelas VII di SMP Negeri 1 Wonotunggal yang menggunakan model pembelajaran Problem Base Learning menunjukkan adanya pengaruh terhadap motivasi belajar. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian ini dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa pengaruh model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning di SMP Negeri 1 Wonotunggal dapat menginspirasi siswa untuk mencapai hasil belajar yang maksimal pada mata pelajaran Informatika yang dipelajarinya di kelas VII.
Deep Structure in the Nobel Qur’an
Authors: Purwanto Andri , Rahmat Aceng
Published: February 2023

The objective of this research was to analyze the deep structure in the translation of Noble Qur’an. Since translation goal is meaning (deep structure), this study is badly needed. The theory of deep structure is proposed by Avram Noam Chomsky. This research is a content analysis method and reading, classifying, note-taking techniques for collecting data. The source data is taken from the Noble Qur’an, English translation and commentary translated by Dr Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din Al-Hilali dan Dr Muhammad Muhsin Khan. The research discusses some meaning components in the translation of Nobel Qur’an, there are eight meaning component strategies, i.e. (1) Features of form was found in 15 translated texts or 13%, (2) Function was found in 2 translated texts or 2%, (3) Form and function was found in 29 translated texts or 26%, (4) Comparison was found in 6 translated texts or 5%, (5) Classifier was found in 8 translated texts or 7%, (6) Couplets, triplets, quadruplets and quintaplets were found in 31 translated texts or 13%, (7) Synonym was found in 11 translated texts or 10%, and (8) Synonim plus reference was found in 5 translated texts or 4%, (9) Synonym with no modification was found in 6 translated texts or 5%.
The Internalization of the Qur'an Version to Build Students' Character in the Post-Pandemic Covid-19 Era: Pasbiker E-Book to Develop Students’ English Vocabulary and Grammar
Authors: Ungu Niken Kencon , Astina Chairani
Published: February 2023

Building character can be done by internalizing the Qur'anic verses so that any religion can still take the noble values in it. The objectives of this study are to increas students' competence, especially in terms of mastery and improvement of vocabulary and understanding of grammar gradually through the "Keledai Cerdik" technique based on subject matter that has been internalized with verses of the Qur'an and to give brief information about how the PASBIKER book works to increase vocabulary and mastery of grammar. This research method used the research and mevelopment method through the questionnaires and test. The research result found that both the mastery of vocabulary, grammar, and the values taught on the internalization of the verses of the Qur'an will be documented in detail in a book called "Polis Asuransi Berbahasa Inggris Keledai Cerdik (PASBIKER)”. It gives positive impacts on studets’ vocabulary and grammar mastery. It is suggested to consider the students’ needs in developing the material.
Students’ Perceptions on the Roles of YouTube in Improving English Speaking Skill
Authors: Alawiyah Sufi , Santosa Imam
Published: February 2023

The roles of YouTube in learning, especially language learning had been receiving numbers of attention recently. In the rencent years, numbers of researchers had been interested in using YouTube and its many beneficial roles in improving English speaking skills. A lot of research concluded that with many English speaking videos that YouTube could provide students, they can learn grammar, vocabulary, pronunciations, and other English-speaking related skills, and a number of teachers and students all across the world shared a positive perceptions regarding the roles of YouTube in improving English-speaking skills. Therefore, this study aimed to know the perception of English Department Students of Bunda Mulia University Serpong about the roles of YouTube in improving English speaking skills. The research was conducted using questionnaire with 22 questions regarding the roles of YouTube in improving English speaking skills. There are 51 respondents who participated in the study. Likert scale was utilized in this research, where the participants were asked to rate their perception using 4 points metric scales, Strongly Agree, Agree, Disagree, and Strongly Disagree. The result of the study indicated that the participants had a positive perception regarding YouTube in improving students’ English-speaking skills, and they all agreed with all the roles of YouTube in this regard.
The IMPLEMENTATION OF DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT AS ONE OF THE STEPS TO IMPROVE LEARNING IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INDEPENDENT CURRICULUM
Authors: Iskak Kezia Novrina Natasari , A.G Thamrin  , Budi Tri Cahyono
Published: February 2023

Diagnostic Assessment is one of the evaluation functions carried out to obtain information on students' strengths and weaknesses, which is used as a basis for planning Learning according to student circumstances. This study aims to determine the application of diagnostic Assessment in the Independent Curriculum. The method used is a documentary study, where information is obtained from official government documents and articles from the school's website. Then the information obtained is analyzed descriptively and qualitatively to obtain information that follows the purpose of the study. The results of this study show that this diagnostic Assessment is carried out at the time before planning Learning. The Assessment is conducted using interviews, written tests, and previous learning outcomes. This article will present more in-depth information on the results and discussion.
DEVELOPMENT OF STRENGTHENING GOOD CHARACTER EDUCATION SCALE AS A NEED ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT FOR GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING TEACHERS
Authors: Tjalla Awaluddin , Hanim Wirda
Published: February 2023

Discussions about morals have been long and have strengthened in Indonesia in the last ten years, marked by character education. Since then, educational institutions have tried to formulate concepts and directions for their implementation. However, there is no scale capable of measuring good character. Therefore, this study aims to develop a scale of good character strengthening Penguatan Karakter Baik (SPKB). This scale consists of three aspects: moral knowing, feeling, and action. Penelitian using research and development (R & D) methods. The respondents of the study were 2468 respondents. The results showed that the moral knowing, feeling, and action instruments were 21 items that met the Validity and, at the same time, the item difference value with a Cronbach's Alpha score of 0.816, so the instrument with   21 items is acceptable as a scale with high reliability.
Was There a Babylonian Philosophy?
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Emelianov Vladimir V.
Published: February 2023

The article criticizes the theory of the assyriologist M. van de Mieroop about the existence of Babylonian philosophy, set forth in his monograph and detailed theses. Each thesis of this theory is quoted and analyzed in detail. The differ­ences between the philosophical statement and the philosophical worldview from the religious and scientific statements of the peoples of ancient Mesopotamia are determined. It has been established that a philosophical statement can only be the author’s and is necessarily criticized by other authors. In philosophical rea­soning about the universe, the principle of non-possessiveness of the universal is obligatory. The universe is understood by philosophers as the unity of all things. At the same time, the universe is conceived as consisting of primary elements. In philosophical thinking there is a hierarchy of categories, the idea of the begin­ning, the limit and the infinite. Unlike the philosophers, the authors of the Sume­rian and Akkadian texts were nameless and did not quote or criticize each other. In their reasoning, the universal is always associated with the belonging of many things to one subject, and the world order is understood exclusively as power. The universe appears in the Sumero-Akkadian texts as a multitude of possessed things. Cuneiform texts up to the 5th century B.C. do not know the concept of primary elements. They lack logical definitions and chains of logical reason­ing, the hierarchy of categories, the idea of the beginning, the limit and the infi­nite. Thus, the constructions of the priests and scientists of ancient Mesopotamia, from our point of view, cannot be called philosophical texts.
Lev Vygotsky’s Theory of Cognition. Vygotsky, Lev S., Psychology and Theory of Cognition, Maidansky, Andrei D., ed.
Authors:   Belgorod National Research University, Maidansky Andrei D. , Kravtsov Oleg G. ,   Kikot Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the study of L.S. Vygotsky’s manuscript “Psychology and Theory of Cognition” in the context of the development of his methodolo­gical and psychological ideas. The original version of the work can be dated with high certainty to 1932. The way of presentation and especially of the final revi­sion was influenced by the ideological campaign that had begun against leading child psychologists, including Vygotsky. He tried to build a defence by quoting copiously from the manuscripts of Lenin and Marx, but interpreting their words in a rather peculiar way. Thus, Vygotsky projects the difference between man and animal, as indicated by Marx, onto the process of mental development of the child. Vygotsky makes the general criterion of this development “the stages of separating the child from reality”, starting with the act of self-awareness and the formation of “undifferentiated notions” about individual things in the sur­rounding world. Vygotsky recognizes the fundamental compliance of the history of the child’s mental development with the history of human cognition, but with an essential reservation regarding the specificity of the psychological forms in which the child assimilates the cultural heritage. Two alternative solutions to the problem of the child’s mental development are criticized – naturalistic (J. Piaget) and subjectivist (H. Volkelt). In Vygotsky’s cultural and historical concept, the development of thinking is the essentially social process. A child does not spend a minute of his life outside of society; all his cognitive activity and mental development, from beginning to end, proceed under the guidance of other people, according to the norms of the culture in which the child is com­pletely absorbed. Natural mental functions are not supplanted by cultural ones, as Piaget believed, but obey them, switching to cultural (sign-symbolic in their means) modes of work. This “instrumental” part of Vygotsky’s theory, as well as his new doctrine of “dynamic semantic systems”, on which he was working at about the same time, remained behind the scenes in his manuscript; mean­while, they play an important role in his psychological theory of knowledge. The text of “Psychology and Theory of Cognition” with the publisher’s notes was prepared by A.D. Maidansky. The inserts in square brackets belong to the pub­lisher, the author’s punctuation has been preserved.
On Methodological Difficulties when Working with the Concept “Ideology”
Authors:   HSE University, Malinova Olga Yu. ,   Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: February 2023

The article discusses the methodological issues involved in using the concept of “ideology”, which arise from its complex character. “Ideology” cannot be easily reduced to one single meaning, as far as it bears trails of multiple (and sometimes opposite) meanings that it had got through its long intellectual his­tory. As a result, this concept has a common semantic kernel and varying pe­riphery. While using this concept, one needs not only to stick firmly on the se­lected definition, but also to be aware about the theoretical debates that shaped this particular configuration of meanings. The article argues that the definition of ideology as “a system of ideas”, that was proposed by A.V. Rubtsov, is in­sufficient to address the major theoretical junctions of interpreting ideology. In particular, it does not take into account the social and political functions of ideology and exaggerates its systemic characteristics. The article supports Rubtsov’s idea of differentiating ideology as a system of ideas and as a body of institutions and proposes an alternative concept, that also focuses on the ways ideas function in social contexts characterized by relationships of power and inequality, but is not that much loaded with contradictory meanings – the concept of symbolic politics.
Optimization and Re-Development Initiatives for a Complex and Mature Asset – Ubit Field Examples
Authors: Mkpasi Ernest , Sim Chee-Hui , Akinrinlola Olafioye , Nwakwue Joseph , Chiegbu Nnamdi , Collins Clay
Published: February 2023

The Ubit Field is the largest producing asset in the Nigerian National Petroleum Company (NNPC) – Mobil Producing Nigeria Unlimited (MPN) Joint Venture. The field has been on production for over three decades, with a YE 2007 cumulative production of 615 MBO. The predominant depletion mechanism has been gas-cap expansion, resulting in 25% decline in the original reservoir pressure of 2464 psi.

Since discovery and first development, prudent Reservoir Management practices have been used to maximize resources while managing the challenges of this field. The challenges include complex geology; drainage of a thin oil column; well performance issues related to declining reservoir pressure and the absence of pressure maintenance and artificial lift.

This paper reviews initiatives that have been adopted to optimize short to medium term production, and modeling efforts needed to underpin the longer term redevelopment programs aimed at boosting production and achieving world class recovery factor.

Optimization efforts include: GOR/voidage management, workovers, slot additions for near-term drilling, wellbore cleanouts/stimulation, contact monitoring, swabbing, well/choke optimization, gas lift, improved completion practices / optimized horizontal well placement.

These initiatives have mitigated base oil rate decline and resulted in reduced reservoir pressure decline. Other benefits include improved initial well rates at lower drawdown and higher expected per-well recoveries.
Countermeasures for cardiac fibrosis in space travel: It takes more than a towel for a hitchhiker's guide to the galaxy
Authors: Paar* Vera , Jiang* Siyi , Enriquez* Angela , Kim* JangKeun , Brunetta Henver S. , Muratani Masafumi , Kubik Angela , Allen Noah , Blaber Elizabeth , Overbey Eliah , Altinok Selin , Sanchez-Hodge Rebecca , Oswalt Leah E. , Kaufman Brett , Mori Marcelo A. , Motloch Lukas J. , Mason Christopher E. , Schisler** Jonathan C. , Jirak** Peter , Beheshti** Afshin
Published: February 2023

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. miRNAs have been shown to be key regulators of complicated pathological processes and hence great biomarkers for the early prediction of diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and radiation-associated alteration after spaceflight. In this study, we present possible antagomir treatments targeting three different miRNAs, miR-16-5p, miR-125b-5p, and let-7a-5p, to mitigate the activity of the spaceflight environment in cardiovascular diseases. We focus on three proteins of interest associated with fibrotic remodeling, TGF-β1, SMAD3, and COL1, analyzing the molecular outcomes of antagomir treatment when exposed to Galactic Cosmic Radiation (GCR), Solar Particle Events (SPE) radiation, and microgravity. These proteins have been shown to play different fibrotic and antifibrotic roles and show molecular changes associated with exposure to the space environment. Furthermore, our results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of antagomirs as a countermeasure for future spaceflight missions.

* - Vera Paar, Siyi Jiang, Angela Enriquez, and JangKeun Kim are co-first authors.
** - Jonathan C. Schisler, Peter Jirak, and Afshin Beheshti are co-senior authors.
A non-canonical striatopallidal “Go” pathway that supports motor control
Authors: Labouesse Marie , Torres-Herraez Arturo , Chohan Muhammad , Villarin Joseph , Greenwald Julia , Sun Xiaoxiao , Zahran Mysarah , Tang Alice , Lam Sherry , Veenstra-VanderWeele Jeremy , Lacefield Clay , Bonaventura Jordi , Michaelides Michael , Chan Savio , Yizhar Ofer , Kellendonk Christoph
Published: February 2023

In the classical model of the basal ganglia, direct pathway striatal projection neurons (dSPNs) send projections to the substantia nigra (SNr) and entopeduncular nucleus to regulate motor function. Recent studies have re-established that dSPNs also possess “bridging” collaterals within the globus pallidus (GPe), yet the significance of these collaterals for behavior is unknown. Here we use in vivo optical and chemogenetic tools combined with deep learning approaches to dissect the roles of bridging collaterals in motor function. We find that dSPNs projecting to the SNr send synchronous motor-related information to the GPe via axon collaterals. Inhibition of native activity in dSPN GPe terminals impairs motor activity and function via regulation of pallidostriatal Npas1 neurons. We propose a model by which dSPN GPe collaterals (“striatopallidal Go pathway”) act in concert with the canonical terminals in the SNr to support motor control by inhibiting Npas1 signals going back to the striatum.
Green synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles using Falcaria Vulgaris leaf extract and its anti-tumoral effects in prostate cancer
Authors: Taherzadeh Danial , Amiri Hamed , Ebrahimi Safeih , Ghafarpour Arash , Samandarinejad Nazanin , Darroudi Majid , Hashemy Seyed Isaac
Published: February 2023

Over recent years, metal oxide nanoparticles have been extensively investigated due to their potential biomedical applications. This study aimed to describe a simple and eco-friendly method for the green synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) using Falcaria vulgaris (F. vulgaris) leaf extract as a capping agent and to evaluate their anti-cancer effects on human prostate cancer cells (PC3). The phyto-synthesized CeO2 NPs were characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The UV-Visible spectrum showed a peak at 313 nm with a band gap energy of 3 eV. Microscopic results revealed that CeO2 NPs mainly were spherical. In addition, the XRD pattern confirmed the crystalline structure of green synthesized CeO2 NPs with an average crystalline size of around 19.5 nm. In biological experiments, the results of the resazurin assay indicated the significant cytotoxic activity of CeO2 NPs against PC3 cells with an IC50 at 113.6 μg/ mL. The real-time PCR results revealed that CeO2 NPs effectively regulate PC3 cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration by modifying the expression of cell cycle-related proteins (c-Myc, cyclin D1, p21), and apoptosis-related genes (Bcl-2 and Bax), and migration-related genes (MMP-2 and MMP-9). Overall, these findings suggest that the green fabricated CeO2 NPs from F. Vulgaris can be used as a novel therapeutic agent for prostate cancer treatment.
The overlooked contribution of trees outside forests to tree cover and woody biomass across Europe
Authors: Liu Siyu , Brandt Martin , Nord-Larsen Thomas , Chave Jerome , Reiner Florian , Lang Nico , Tong Xiaoye , Ciais Philippe , Igel Christian , Li Sizhuo , Mugabowindekwe Maurice , Saatchi Sassan , Yue Yuemin , Chen Zhengchao , Fensholt Rasmus
Published: February 2023

Trees are an integral part of almost all European landscapes, but only forest resources are systematically assessed by national inventories, and the extent to which trees in urban and agricultural areas contribute to biomass and carbon stocks at the national level remains largely unknown. Here we make use of nanosatellite imagery to generate canopy cover, height, and above-ground biomass maps for the entire European continent from 3-m resolution imagery. Our country-scale biomass estimates have a systematic bias of only 7.6% (overestimation; R = 0.98) when compared to national inventories of 30 countries, and our new dataset is sufficiently highly resolved spatially to support the inclusion of tree biomass outside forests, which we quantify to 0.8 Pg. Although this represents only 2% of the total European tree biomass on average, large variations between countries are found (for example 10% for UK) and trees in urban areas contribute substantially to national carbon stocks (for example 8% for the Netherlands). The good agreement with national inventory data, the scalability, and the high level of detail across landscapes, including trees outside forests, make our approach attractive for operational implementation to support national carbon stock inventory schemes.
Comparative Economic Outcomes from SBIR Funding: 'Underserved' Versus High-Award States
Authors: Wallner Michael P. , Peterson Jeff , Swearingen Will , Zook Michelle , Jorgensen Cara , Gaster Robin
Published: February 2023

This study analyzes the comparative economic outcomes of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Small Business Innovation Research and Small Business Technology Transfer (SBIR/ STTR) programs, conducting an analysis to determine if high-award states or low-award states are more effective
at commercializing technology as a direct result of the DoD SBIR/STTR programs. Three common definitions of underserved states are used for this analysis — states that receive fewer awards (underserved), states that receive relatively fewer awards when adjusted for population, and states
participating in the National Science Foundation's Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research. The data used in these analyses represent the economic outcomes of the entire survey population of DoD SBIR Phase II awards on which information was obtained (a total of 96 percent of
the 16,959 awards in the study). The findings indicate that commercialization success of DoD SBIR Phase II projects in underserved states was superior to those in high-award states. Sixty different measures were used to compare the relative success of these different states and awardees. Analysis
showed that underserved states consistently outperformed high-award states in commercializing the outcomes of their DoD SBIR Phase II projects. For 47 of the 60 different measures — 30 of which were statistically significant for low-award states — the low-award states outperformed
the high-award states. On only 10 of the 60 measures did the high-award states show superior results. These results support the argument that SBIR program efforts to assist firms in low-award states are a sound investment. However, the findings call for additional research as to why states
with fewer awards, fewer awards per capita, and other disadvantages have more commercial success with their awards than select counterparts.
Whitey on the Moon: Racism's Maintenance of Inequity in Invention & Innovation
Authors: Holly James , Comedy Yolanda L.
Published: February 2023

The problem of Black exclusion within invention is not new, but now is a great time to address this problem in new ways. The invention and innovation community sits within a space of deep tension, as it calls for greater attention on the contributing factors resulting in a lack of racial
and ethnic diversity while not fully reckoning with solutions that have already been proposed. In light of recent events, widespread video recordings of Black people being murdered and disproportionate fatalities during a global pandemic due to longstanding health care inequities, this renewed
attention is welcomed but met with skeptical optimism. Building on prior discussions of the barriers constraining Black invention and innovation can help us achieve comprehensive and transformative action. We assert that racial equity within invention requires consideration of sociopolitical
issues, such as urban divestment and inequitable schooling, as well as a reexamination of our insistence that invention be defined narrowly. One prophetic articulation of this dissonance is Gil Scott-Heron's (1970) poem "Whitey on the Moon," where Scott-Heron artistically critiques the preoccupation
of the United States achieving a moon landing while rampant poverty causes daily suffering for so many on Earth. The invention and innovation community replicates this value structure, where some types of technological advancement are esteemed while technology advancement in the service of
human suffering is under-supported. Radical change and vision are needed to welcome and support Black people throughout the invention ecosystem. We offer three ways that education can generate more racial diversity and facilitate equitable practice within invention and innovation.
Inclusive Pathways to Invention: Racial and Ethnic Diversity Among Collegiate Student Inventors in a National Prize Competition
Authors: Burrage April , Ciemiecki Janell , Couch Stephanie , Ganguli Ina
Published: February 2023

We present novel evidence from over 2,000 student inventors from colleges and universities across the United States who applied to a prestigious national prize. These unique data provide us with self-reported information about gender, race, and ethnicity for students earlier on the
"pathway to invention" — young people who have already shown evidence of their inventiveness and are among those likely to be future patent holders. First, we show that 14% of prize applicants are from under-represented minority (URM) groups, which is a smaller gap than estimates of
the racial/ethnic gap in patenting. We find striking differences in the focus of the inventions being created by URM inventors, particularly at the intersection of gender and race: URM men are much more likely than all other groups to work on consumer-oriented inventions and less likely to
work on health care inventions. URM women are similar to non-URM students in being most likely to work on health care inventions. Differences by field of study show that URM men are more likely than other groups to come from business, and URM women are more likely to come from biological sciences.
Finally, we show that slightly more URM applicants come from public research universities. A fruitful area for future research is examining the ways different types of universities support the development of URM students as inventors and contribute to URM students' continuation on the pathway
to invention.
GEOCHEMISTRY AND MINERAL CONTENT OF ASH FLOW FROM THE MONTSERRAT SOUFRIERE HILLS VOLCANO
Authors:   University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat, British West Indies, MSR1110., L. Tulp Orien , Sainvil Frantz ,   University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat, British West Indies, MSR1110., Branly Rolando ,   University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat, British West Indies, MSR1110., P. Einstein George ,   University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat, British West Indies, MSR1110.
Published: February 2023

The Soufriere Hills Volcano of Montserrat has ancient origins and roared back to life in 1995 wreaking severe havoc and damage to the inhabitants, geography, and ecosystems of the Island. The pyroclastic ash flow reached temperatures of 1500 Â°F and progressed down the hillsides at speeds of 80 mph, causing incineration and virtual destruction of everything in its path, while the gaseous and particulate laden plume reached altitudes of 35,000 feet, impacting air quality and aircraft navigation. The local health authorities recommended masking and physical protection from any potentially harmful effects from the ash to all residents who remained on Island following the 1995 eruption. Volcanic ash can be an irritant to exposed skin and respiratory surfaces upon contact due in part to the sharp and jagged nature of the microcrystalline particulate matter. In addition, the minute size of the smallest particulate matter can impact deep into the unprotected respiratory tree in humans and animals, potentially causing severe respiratory injury. The composition and physicochemical nature of the ash was largely unknown in 1995 and subsequent years. The current study was designed to determine the geochemical composition of the ash. Samples of ash were collected from 7 locations and water samples from three free flowing creeks in Montserrat and indicated that the creek water was acidic in nature. The mean pH of water was 5.2, while the ash showed abundant levels of Iron, Phosphorus, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Aluminum, and sulfur, in addition to lower concentrations of potassium, boron, copper and zinc and intermediate concentrations of Manganese and was devoid of toxic minerals including lead and mercury. The emergence of acute respiratory issues was not found to exceed similar events in other healthy populations including individuals relocated to the UK. In conclusion, direct human and animal exposure to Montserrat volcanic ash was deemed non-harmful to humans when adequate protective measures including masking and exposure precautions were undertaken, while the rich mineral content of the ash can provide a rich source of micronutrient mineralization to soils and surrounding seawaters and support vigorous revegetation and recovery of affected land and sea zones throughout the island community.
INCLUSIVE SCIENCE EDUCATION FOR LEARNERS WITH VISUAL DISABILITIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors:   Department of Education, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India., Devi Sarita , Ingole Meenakshi ,   Department of Education, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
Published: February 2023

Indian democracy encourages its citizens to have a scientific temper towards their own life and countrys welfare. Historically, for inculcating scientific temper, national education policies and educational reports recommended the education of science till school stage. However, there are some groups of people who are discouraged to study science even in middle school. One such group is persons with visual disabilities. This paper aims to investigate how learners with disabilities conceptualize science concepts? Why are learners with visual disabilities excluded from pursuing science education? What is the perception of people about the learners with visual disabilities as well as the subject of science? What challenges learners with disabilities and their teachers come across in science classrooms? What kind of strategies can be used to facilitate inclusive science classrooms? For this purpose, systematic review of 31 articles were done. From these articles four themes emerged viz. perception about learners with visual disabilities, challenges faced by learners with visual disabilities, challenges faced by teachers of learners with visual disabilities in science classroom, strategies to facilitate inclusive practices in science classroom. As a result of review findings this paper concluded that learners with visual disabilities have very low representation in science classrooms as perception about visual disabilities is negative and science has the dominance of ocular normativism. This makes the teaching-learning process challenging for students and teachers. Researchers have identified the both issues and strategies however learners with disabilities, teachers, administrators, and policy makers are not aware how to get from issues to their solutions.