bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A prospective study of the importance of life goal characteristics and goal adjustment capacities in longer term psychosocial adjustment to lower limb amputation
Authors: Coffey Laura , Gallagher Pamela , Desmond Deirdre
Published: August 2013

Objective:

To explore the life goal characteristics and goal adjustment capacities of persons with lower limb amputation on admission to rehabilitation, and to examine their efficacy as predictors of psychosocial outcomes six months post discharge.

Design:

Prospective, descriptive.

Setting:

Two specialist inpatient rehabilitation facilities in Ireland.

Subjects:

A consecutive sample of 64 patients with lower limb amputation.

Main measures:

On admission to rehabilitation, life goal characteristics (goal importance, goal disturbance) were assessed using the Goal Facilitation Index and goal adjustment capacities (goal disengagement, goal re-engagement) were measured using the Goal Adjustment Scale. The Beck Depression Inventory-II and the Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales-Revised assessed depressive symptomatology and psychosocial adjustment to amputation at six months post discharge.

Results:

The highest average importance ratings were assigned to goals associated with interpersonal relationships, independence and subjective well-being. Goals related to physical limitations and disruptions in daily activities received the highest hindrance ratings. Goal importance (β = −0.33) and goal disengagement (β = −0.29) on admission significantly predicted depressive symptomatology six months post discharge ( P ≤ 0.05). Goal importance (β = 0.32), goal disturbance (β = −0.26), and goal re-engagement (β = −0.21) on admission significantly predicted general adjustment to lower limb amputation at six months post discharge ( P ≤ 0.05), while goal importance (β = −0.32) and goal disturbance (β = 0.30) significantly predicted social adjustment ( P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions:

Life goal characteristics and goal adjustment capacities on admission to rehabilitation predicted psychosocial outcomes six months post discharge among individuals with lower limb amputation.
Facebook Use and Social Capital
Authors: Kwon Min-Woo , D’Angelo Jonathan , McLeod Douglas M.
Published: August 2013

This study employs the uses and gratification approach to investigate how different forms of Facebook use are linked to bridging social capital and bonding social capital. A survey of 152 college students was conducted to address research questions and to test hypotheses. Factor analysis identified six unique uses and gratifications: (a) information seeking, (b) entertainment, (c) communication, (d) social relations, (e) escape, and (f) Facebook applications. Findings reveal that intensity of Facebook use and the use of Facebook for social relations are positive predictors of bridging social capital, whereas the use of Facebook for escape is negatively linked to bonding social capital.
A Program for Improving Toddler Communication Through Parent Coaching
Authors: Moore Heather W. , Barton Erin E. , Chironis Maria
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this manuscript was to describe a community-based program, Language and Play Everyday (LAPE), aimed at evaluating effective practices for enhancing parents’ capacity to increase their toddlers’ communication skills. LAPE was a parent education program focused on coaching parents to embed naturalistic language-enhancing strategies within daily routines. Participants included eight families of toddlers with expressive communication delays ranging in age from 22 to 36 months. LAPE was delivered using group and individual sessions. After participating in the program, parents increased their responsivity and use of other language-enhancing behaviors. Social validity measures indicated that parents were satisfied with procedures, goals, and outcomes of the project. Moreover, children improved their expressive language skills. Implications for future research and application are discussed.
Persistent petrosquamosal sinus in adults: qualitative imaging evaluation on high-resolution CT venography
Authors: Zhao Pengfei , Wang Zhenchang , Xian Junfang , Yan Fei , Liu Zhaohui
Published: August 2013

Background

The persistent petrosquamosal sinus (PSS) is usually overlooked before or during otological surgeries, which may cause misdiagnosis or iatrogenic bleedings. Imaging characteristics have not been well summarized for PSS, especially for large consecutive cases.

Purpose

To analyze the characteristics of PSS on high-resolution CT venography (HRCTV) in order to improve imaging diagnostic accuracy as well as to assist clinical management.

Material and Methods

Five hundred and thirty-two consecutive patients with pulsatile tinnitus who underwent CT angiography and venography examinations in the last 4 years were reviewed. Thirty patients with PSS in 39 temporal bones (TBs) were identified by two radiologists’ consensus. The characteristics of PSS were analyzed according to its embryological variations. Different types of PSS were divided according to the origin and course, respectively.

Results

The average diameter of the PSS was 1.4 mm. Twenty-nine TBs (74%) had PSS origin from the dorsolateral surface of the transverse sinus before its junction with the superior petrosal sinus (Position A); three TBs (8%) had PSS origin from the ventroinferior surface of the transverse sinus after or before the junction (Position B or C); seven TBs (18%) had PSS without definite origin (Position D). Eighteen TBs (46%) had PSS course in a lateral bony canal/groove (lateral canal type); 15 TBs (38%) had PSS course in petrosquamosal fissure (PSF) (PSF type); six TBs (15%) had PSS course in both (lateral canal/PSF type). For other imaging findings, a branch entering the cranial part of PSS was identified in 10 TBs (26%); a vascular mass was formed in five TBs (13%); focal defect of bony wall was observed in seven TBs (18%). A postglenoid foramen (PGF) was detected in 25 TBs (64%).

Conclusion

HRCTV can mostly identify the characteristics of PSS similar to its anatomic findings and the optimal imaging technique has the potential to improve its clinical management.
Emotion regulation strategy mediates both positive and negative relationships between music uses and well-being
Authors: Chin TanChyuan , Rickard Nikki S.
Published: August 2013

The mediating effects of emotion regulation ( reappraisal and suppression) were examined in the relationship between music engagement and well-being. Emotion regulation strategies (Emotion Regulation Questionnaire; Gross & John, 2003) and styles of music engagement (Music Use questionnaire; Chin & Rickard, 2012) were assessed in a large diverse sample of 637 participants. A battery of hedonic and eudaimonic well-being measures (International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Short Form; Thompson, 2007; Satisfaction With Life Scale; Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985; Mental Health Continuum-Short Form; Keyes et al., 2008) was also administered. Results demonstrated that the path of mediation was dependent on the type of emotion regulation strategy utilized, as well as the way in which one engages with music. Findings provide initial evidence that engaging with music for the purposes of cognitive and emotion regulation may enhance well-being primarily through the habitual use of cognitive reappraisal. In contrast, various other aspects of music engagement (music listening, engaged production, and social connection) if coupled with a tendency to regulate emotions and thoughts by expressive suppression may yield undesirable well-being outcomes. This study highlights the important role emotion regulation plays in the complex relationship between music engagement and well-being.
Consistency of eletriptan in treating migraine: Results of a randomized, within-patient multiple-dose study
Authors: Almas Mary , Tepper Stewart J , Landy Stephen , Schweizer Edward , Ramos Elodie
Published: August 2013

Objective

The current study evaluated the consistency of eletriptan response.

Methods

Using a within-patient crossover design, patients with migraine completed a three-attack, open-label, lead-in period, before being treated, double-blind for four attacks, with either eletriptan 40 mg (ELE-40; N = 539) or eletriptan 80 mg (ELE-80; N = 432); placebo was randomly substituted for the treatment of one attack.

Results

On an a priori analysis of within-patient consistency, double-blind treatment was associated with similar 2 hour headache response rates using a ≥2/3 response criterion for ELE-40 (77%) and ELE-80 (73%), and using a 3/3 response criterion for ELE-40 (46%) and ELE-80 (47%). Within-patient consistency in achieving pain-free status at 2 hours using a ≥2/3 criterion was slightly higher on ELE-40 (42%) compared with ELE-80 (38%), and was similar using the 3/3 criterion (18% on ELE-40, 17% on ELE-80). On a repeated measures logistic regression analysis across all treated attacks, the probability of achieving a headache response at 2 hours ranged from 71% to 74% on ELE-40 vs. 17% to 28% on placebo ( p < 0.0001), and from 66% to 74% on ELE-80 vs. 21% to 27% on placebo ( p < 0.0001). The incidence, per attack, of adverse events was low for both ELE-40 and ELE-80. Few adverse events occurred with incidence ≥10% on ELE-40 (asthenia, 5.0%) or ELE-80 (asthenia, 10%; nausea, 5.8%). Discontinuations because of adverse events were 0.2% on ELE-40, and 1.6% on ELE-80

Conclusion

In this multiple attack study, eletriptan was well-tolerated and demonstrated consistent and significant efficacy in the treatment of migraine. Clinicaltrials.Gov Identifier: NCT01859481
Reducing the Endorsement of Sexism Using Experiential Learning
Authors: Zawadzki Matthew J. , Shields Stephanie A. , Danube Cinnamon L. , Swim Janet K.
Published: August 2013

In two multipart studies, we tested the effectiveness of an experiential learning-based intervention (Workshop Activity for Gender Equity Simulation–Academic [WAGES-Academic]) to reduce sexism endorsement. We randomly assigned undergraduates to either WAGES ( n = 144) or one of two control conditions ( n = 268): one where participants received the same information as WAGES but without experiential learning or another that included an experiential group activity but no gender equity information. WAGES participants (vs. both controls) reported less endorsement of sexist beliefs after completing the activity and/or at a follow-up 7–11 days later as measured by the Modern Sexism (Study 1), Neo-sexism (Study 2), Hostile Sexism (Study 2), and Gender-Specific System Justification (Studies 1 and 2) scales. Both studies demonstrated that these effects were attributable to WAGES providing more information, evoking less reactance, eliciting more empathy, and instilling more self-efficacy compared to the other conditions. Results suggest that programs to reduce sexist beliefs will be successful only insofar as they invite access to discussion in such a way that does not elicit defensive denial of the problem, create a context in which participants are readily able to empathize with other, and instill feelings of self-efficacy that one can address the problem.
Burning on flat wicks at various orientations
Authors: Zhang Yi , Bustamante Michael J , Gollner Michael J , Sunderland Peter B , Quintiere James G
Published: August 2013

Burning on flat plates was studied at various orientations with respect to gravity. Flat wicks of ceramic (Kaowool PM) board (10 cm wide and 1–10 cm long) were saturated with methanol or ethanol. Steady flames were obtained that ranged from boundary layer flames to plume-type burning. The onset of unsteady flow and transition to turbulence commenced at Grashof numbers of 106–107, increasing with decreasing angle (toward underside burning). The average burning rate per unit area was recorded along with the flame location. Experiments on polymethylmethacrylate were used for comparison with the liquid-wick results. The results roughly correlated with laminar pure convective theory, and improved results were indicated when the gravity term associated with the pressure gradient normal to the plate was included. Theoretical results by the integral method to reduce the partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations are presented.
Substance Use and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Among White, African American, and Latina Women
Authors: Nowotny Kathryn M. , Graves Jennifer L.
Published: August 2013

The existing literature on intimate partner violence (IPV) does not paint a consistent portrait of the impact of race/ethnicity. In addition, although research has clearly demonstrated that there is a relationship between substance use and IPV, the temporal ordering of these variables is not clearly established. This article seeks to examine the temporal ordering of IPV victimization and drug use using longitudinal data with a nationally representative racially and ethnically diverse sample. Data from Wave III (2001-2002) and Wave IV (2007-2008) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) will serve as Time 1 and Time 2, respectively, to answer three research questions. First, does substance use during early young adulthood (Time 1) predict IPV victimization during young adulthood (Time 2) among women? Second, does IPV victimization during early young adulthood predict substance use during young adulthood for women? Finally, do these bidirectional relationships vary by race/ethnicity (i.e., White, African American, and Latina)? Four different forms of IPV (minor violence, major violence, rape/sexual coercion, and injury) are investigated along with binge drinking, marijuana use, and other drug use. Understanding not only the temporal relationship between substance use, trauma, and IPV but also the racial and ethnic differences in these relationships is critical to developing and refining culturally sensitive trauma-informed prevention and treatment services for women.
Stressful Events, Social Support, and Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged Adults With a Family History of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Zuelsdorff Megan L. , Engelman Corinne D. , Friedman Elliot M. , Koscik Rebecca L. , Jonaitis Erin M. , Rue Asenath La , Sager Mark A.
Published: August 2013

Objective: To examine the associations of stressful experiences and social support with cognitive function in a sample of middle-aged adults with a family history of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Method: Using data from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention (WRAP; N = 623), we evaluated relationships between stressful events experienced in the past year, as well as social support, and cognitive performance in four domains: speed and flexibility, immediate memory, verbal learning and memory, and working memory. We assessed interactions between psychosocial predictors, and with APOE ε4 status. Results: Greater number of stressful events was associated with poorer performance on tests of speed and flexibility. Greater social support was associated with better performance in the same domain; this relationship was diminished by the presence of the ε4 allele. No associations were seen in the remaining three domains. Discussion: Psychosocial factors may influence cognition in at-risk individuals; influence varies by cognitive domain and ε4 status.
School as solution to the problem of urban place
Authors: Quiroz Pamela Anne , Milam-Brooks Kisha , Adams-Romena Dominique
Published: August 2013

This case study explores how student migration impacts low-income fourth grade African American and Latino children in the US who leave their neighborhoods to attend a state-of-the-art facility in a downtown urban area. Children at the World Citizens School (WCS) convey how safety plays a key role in their restrictions by parents and in their daily lives in a near total institutional environment. The use of multiple methods show how the social relations of community are modified by student migration and how one community is displaced by another.
Young children in Kyrgyzstan: Agency in tight hierarchical structures
Authors: Bühler-Niederberger Doris , Schwittek Jessica
Published: August 2013

This article focuses on preschool children in Kyrgyzstan, a poor country of the former Soviet union. What are children’s views on the relational order in this transition society, and what is their contribution to the reproduction or challenging of this order? The authors use and elaborate the theoretical concepts of ‘agency’ and ‘collectivism-individualism’ to develop age-appropriate research instruments and to interpret children’s views. Data were collected in a mixed-method field study. The presented results show children’s agency in a tight hierarchical structure, revealing both complicity and self-assertion, occasionally resulting in opposition.
The conflicting effects of multi-level governance and the partnership principle:Evidence from the Italian experience
Authors: Milio Simona
Published: August 2013

With reference to cohesion policy, multi-level governance (MLG) is the policy-making architecture that implements the subsidiarity principle, which aims for direct involvement bringing government closer to the citizen. In parallel, the partnership principle (PP) has been introduced to guarantee the participation of social and economic actors in both decision making and implementation processes in order to better understand and respond to territorial needs. A review of existing literature identifies opposing views on the benefit of this complex architecture. This paper investigates potentially conflicting effects of MLG and the PP on political accountability, for example by blurring responsibilities and corrupting stakeholder engagements. The Italian case is used to test this hypothesis and identify bottlenecks. Initial findings suggest that the empowerment of new actors by means of MLG has had the effect of disclosing political influence from several players in the decision-making arena, therefore obscuring the accountability of the different tiers involved both vertically and horizontally. This is because actors in the governance chain might tend to shift blame of policy failure towards higher or lower governmental levels. Additionally, the engagement of stakeholders may reduce the efficiency of implementation processes both through a lack of inclusiveness in the decision and policymaking style or through a lack of competences within civil society in interpreting local needs in relation to EU cohesion policy goals. This article concludes by outlining possible solutions for cohesion policy practice to minimize the negative consequences of a multi-tier/multi-actor system.
Enhanced vibrational energy harvester based on velocity amplification
Authors: Cottone Francesco , Frizzell Ronan , Goyal Suresh , Kelly Gerard , Punch Jeff
Published: August 2013

This article presents a fundamental investigation in which velocity amplification is employed in non-resonant structures to enhance the power harvested from ambient vibrations. Velocity amplification is achieved utilising sequential collisions between free-moving masses, and the final velocity is proportional to the number of masses and the mass ratios selected. The governing theory is discussed, particularly how the final velocity scales with the number of masses. This article examines n-mass velocity-amplified vibration energy harvesters and examines their performance relative to single-mass harvesters. Electromagnetic energy conversion is chosen as it is fundamental in allowing the free movement of the masses. Experimental results from two- and three-mass prototypes are presented that demonstrate a wider frequency response and a gain in power of 33 times compared to single-mass configurations under wideband random excitation. The volume of the devices was constrained, which resulted in the two-mass system outperforming the triple-mass system counter to expectations. This was caused by the triple-mass device experiencing an increased number of impact due to the volume constraint, leading to high losses in the system. It is recommended that in order to realise the full benefits of the triple-mass system, additional volume for mass actuation is required.
A temperature-dependent constitutive model for fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites and structural stress analysis
Authors: Xiguang Gao , Long Li , Yingdong Song
Published: August 2013

A temperature-dependent constitutive model based on the continuum damage mechanics (CDM) theory is developed to model the stress/strain behavior of C/SiC composites. A formulation of Helmholtz free energy with initial modulus and tangent modulus is proposed to describe the bilinear constitutive behavior of such materials. The Lagrange interpolation is used to describe the relations between material parameters and temperature. The effect of temperature is introduced into the theoretical framework of continuum damage mechanics. The constitutive model is applied to predict the stress/strain curves of two-dimensional woven C/SiC composite at room and elevated temperatures. Good agreement was found between the experimental data generated and the results predicted by the continuum damage mechanics model. This demonstrates that the methods developed in this paper are effective. The numerical analysis of two-dimensional woven C/SiC laminate with a hole shows that the temperature effect will reduce stress concentration near this hole.
Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes of Joint-preserving Procedures for Hallux Valgus in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Chao John C. , Charlick Daniel , Tocci Stephen , Brodsky James W.
Published: August 2013

Background:

The standard treatment for hallux valgus in rheumatoid arthritis has been arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint. There is limited literature regarding the results of hallux valgus procedures which preserve the first MTP joint in rheumatoid patients. We investigated the radiographic and clinical outcomes of joint-preserving surgery for hallux valgus in a series of rheumatoid patients to evaluate the result of nonarthrodesis reconstruction.

Methods:

Thirty-seven feet with hallux valgus in 27 patients with RA treated with a joint-preserving procedure of the first MTP joint were analyzed radiographically and clinically. Average follow-up was 42 (range, 12-111) months. Twenty feet had Ludloff osteotomies, 15 had scarf osteotomies, and 2 had chevron osteotomies. Radiographs were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively for hallux valgus angle, 1-2 intermetatarsal angle, and degenerative narrowing of the first MTP joint based the Sharp score and the Larsen grade. Narrowing of the first interphalangeal (IP) joint was based on a modification of the classification of Hattrup and Johnson. Operative complications and required secondary surgeries were tabulated. Clinical outcomes were measured using preoperative and postoperative Short Form–36 (SF-36), AOFAS forefoot scale, and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain questionnaires.

Results:

The average hallux valgus angle improved from 37 degrees preoperatively to 15 degrees postoperatively. The average 1-2 intermetatarsal angle improved from 14 degrees preoperatively to 5 degrees postoperatively. The average Sharp score of the first MTP joint was 0.9 preoperatively and 1.6 postoperatively. The average Larsen grade of the first MTP joint was 0.6 preoperatively and 1.4 postoperatively. Range of motion of the first MTP joint was essentially unchanged between preoperative and postoperative measurements. Seven of 37 feet had progression of first IP joint space narrowing, but none were symptomatic. The AOFAS score improved from 45.2 preoperatively to 82.6 at final follow-up ( P value < .01). The VAS decreased from 4.8 preoperatively to 1.5 at final follow-up ( P value < .02). The SF-36 physical component score decreased from 40.3 preoperatively to 37.4 at final follow-up, and the mental component score remained unchanged, and neither was statistically significant. There were 7 feet (19%) that required a return to surgery: 3 wound infections, 2 arthrodeses for progression of deformity, and 1 each for revision for recurrence and hardware removal.

Conclusion:

Rheumatoid arthritis patients who undergo a bunionectomy rather than arthrodesis to preserve the first MTP joint have satisfactory clinical and radiographic outcomes. This procedure appeared to be a reasonable alternative to first MTP arthrodesis in patients with relatively preserved joints.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective case series.
Association between neighbourhood green space and sedentary leisure time in a Danish population
Authors: Storgaard Rikke Lynge , Hansen Henning Sten , Aadahl Mette , Glümer Charlotte
Published: August 2013

Aim: Sedentary behaviour is a risk factor for diabetes, cardiovascular disease etc., independently of level of physical activity. Availability of recreational green space is associated with physical activity, but is unknown in relation to sedentary behaviour. The aim of this study is to examine the association between availability of green space and sedentary leisure time in a Danish population. Methods: The study was based on a random sample of 49,806 adults aged 16 + who answered a questionnaire in 2010, including sedentary leisure time. Objective measures of density green were calculated for each respondent using Geographical Information System (GIS). A multilevel regression analysis, taking neighbourhood and individual factors into account, was performed. Results: 65% of the respondents were sedentary in leisure time for more than 3h/day. We found that poor availability of forest and recreational facilities in the neighbourhood is associated with more sedentary leisure time; OR: 1.11 (95% CL: 1.04–1.19), after adjusting for individual, and neighbourhood, level characteristics. Conclusions: Among adult inhabitants, sedentary leisure time of more than 3h/day was more frequent in neighbourhoods with less green surroundings. Intervention efforts may benefit from emphasising the importance of having recreations options in residential areas to provide alternatives to sedentary activities.
Shame among long-term sickness absentees: Correlates and impact on subsequent sickness absence
Authors: Knapstad Marit , Øverland Simon , Henderson Max , Holmgren Kristina , Hensing Gunnel
Published: August 2013

Aims: The contribution of general psychological aspects, such as emotions, has received little focus in research on sickness absence. We wanted to study the relationship between shame and sickness absence, which factors that explained differences in levels of shame, and if shame predicted subsequent sickness absence. Methods: We employed a Swedish population-based cohort of current sickness absentees (19–64 years old), responding to a mailed questionnaire in 2008. Data was linked to national registries on sickness absence. Results: The young, those born outside the Nordic countries, those on lower incomes and those with higher level of education reported being more ashamed of their sickness absence. Those with more sickness absence in the past were also more likely to report higher levels of shame. Level of shame was not associated with gender or occupational class. Compared to those absent for a somatic cause, mental or co-morbid illness was associated with higher levels of shame. Those reporting high level of shame were more likely to have prolonged sickness absence the following year. Symptoms of depression at baseline only partly explained these associations. Conclusions: Our results suggest that shame might prolong sickness absence. Increased understanding of the impact of social and emotional aspects around sickness absence could be an important source for improved quality of rehabilitation.
Hexabromocyclododecanes in the indoor environment of two cities in South China: their occurrence and implications of human inhalation exposure
Authors: Hong Jianwen , Gao Shutao , Chen Laiguo , Han Qian , Yu Zhiqiang , Peng Pingan , Fu Jiamo
Published: August 2013

Indoor and outdoor air samples were collected from two industrialized cities (Guangzhou and Foshan) in Southern China to determine the concentrations and diastereoisomer profiles of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in built environments. The mean concentrations of total HBCDs in air were 5.43 pg m−3 in homes, 8.21 pg m−3 in offices, 48.2 pg m−3 in other workplaces and 33.3 pg m−3 in the air outdoors. These HBCD levels are slightly higher than or comparable with those at the remote or urban sites in the United States, but are significantly lower than those in the European atmosphere. Diastereoisomer profiles of the samples indicated that α-HBCD was the dominant isomer, with a relative abundance ranging from 53.2% to 83.0%, which is notably different from its fraction s in the air samples from the UK and the domestic technical -grade mixtures. Analysis of the gas-particle distribution showed that HBCDs were present predominantly (87.6–99.9%) in the particle phase. The estimated average daily human exposure to HBCDs via inhalation was 0.39 ng day−1 for adults, which is one order of magnitude lower than the values (5.0 and 5.47 ng day−1) for the UK adults reported in two other studies. Further air and dust sampling and continued monitoring are needed to improve our understanding of human exposure to HBCDs.
Airborne fungal profiles in office buildings in metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia: Background levels, diversity and seasonal variation
Authors: Taylor Michael , Gaskin Sharyn , Bentham Richard , Pisaniello Dino
Published: August 2013

The presence of bioaerosols in indoor non-industrial workplace environments has become an increasing concern to indoor air quality assessors and Occupational Health and Safety professionals. The paucity of workplace survey information and national standards limits the comparisons that can be made when investigating suspected indoor fungal contamination. Data are needed on typical non-problem conditions, thereby providing background survey information. This study examined viable fungi in 128 air samples (89 indoor: 39 outdoor) from office buildings in Adelaide, South Australia, which has an arid Mediterranean climate. Results across four consecutive seasons show that the viable airborne fungal concentrations in indoor air were on average 75% lower than those in outdoor air. A seasonal influence was noted with higher fungal levels in autumn and summer compared with winter and spring. The most common culturable airborne fungi, across all seasons and conditions, were Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium and Alternaria. A weak correlation between fungal spore concentration in indoor air and carbon dioxide was observed (r = 0.26). No other correlations with indoor air quality parameters were noted. This study provides a profile of airborne fungal diversity and abundance in non-problem indoor environments and practical guidance to indoor air quality assessors on the interpretation of indoor fungal monitoring data.
Trends in the air temperature of transitional spaces of a high-rise office building: The effects of season and location
Authors: Taib Nooriati , Abdullah Aldrin , Ali Zalila , Fadzil Sharifah Fairuz Syed , Yeok Foong Swee
Published: August 2013

Recent increases in the awareness of sustainable green design have resulted in the creation of transitional spaces in high-rise buildings. Incorporating green design in high-rise buildings has been associated with the reduction of energy consumption in buildings and the provision of open spaces for occupants. Achieving thermal comfort in the outdoor environment is crucial, particularly in tropical climate settings where it is highly affected by microclimatic conditions such as the air temperature, wind, humidity and solar radiation. This paper examines the air temperature at three different transitional spaces of a high-rise office building in Penang, Malaysia. The field measurements were conducted in both dry and wet seasons, and the trend in the air temperature was assessed during these two seasons. Air temperature was measured using a temperature sensor and recorded with a data logger, BABUC-A. The findings indicated that there are significant differences among the three transitional spaces in both seasons. It was found that the different locations and the different seasons had substantial effects on the pattern of air temperature over time. Thus, designing transitional spaces specifically requires an understanding of the local microclimate of the area to achieve thermal comfort.
Stress fractures
Authors: Aweid Bashaar , Aweid Osama , Talibi Samed , Porter Keith
Published: August 2013

Stress fractures are common injuries in military recruits and athletes, particularly long-distance runners. A high index of suspicion coupled with a thorough history and correct imaging are vital in the diagnosis. A delay in their diagnosis or undertreatment can result in extended recovery times that are particularly damaging to sportspeople where these injuries can be career-ending. In most cases, treatment includes reducing the causative activity to a pain-free level. “High-risk” fractures which typically include the femoral neck, anterior tibia, proximal fifth metatarsal and tarsal navicular may however require surgical fixation. Stress fractures carry a high risk of recurrence and prevention involves reducing modifiable risk factors through training and diet adjustments. All members involved in an athlete or military recruit’s training should therefore be aware of the presence of eating disorders, the effects of overtraining and the importance of rest in order to reduce the incidence of these injuries.
Contextualizing the secular public sphere: Religious ritual, festa and migrant identity in Malta and Australia
Authors: Baldacchino Jean-Paul
Published: August 2013

This article analyses the Catholic religious ritual of the festa among the Maltese community in Melbourne and compares it with the scope and function of the ritual in Malta. The author argues that such a comparative analysis can serve as a useful lens through which to analyse some of the challenges posed by the secularist public sphere envisioned in the liberal multicultural state in Australia.
Telephone focus groups: Strengths, challenges, and strategies for success
Authors: Allen Mary Dallas
Published: August 2013

Telephone focus groups offer an alternative to the limitations of traditional face-to-face focus groups for conducting research with rural research participants or those who are unable to meet in a common location. Identified strengths of telephone focus groups include: the ability to engage participants that are geographically dispersed; an opportunity for participants to connect with those who they would unlikely meet otherwise; and the ability to conduct focus groups with a lower cost and increased participation rate. Despite the usefulness of telephone focus groups, this methodology may present challenges with the participation and engagement of focus group members. Using the example of a telephone focus group study of early childhood mental health consultants, this article introduces procedures for overcoming the challenges of telephone focus group participation and engagement, and it analyzes the effectiveness of those procedures for improving the participation and engagement of focus group members. This study provides lessons learned in using telephone focus groups in social work research.
Promising Practices to Eliminate Tobacco Disparities Among Asian American, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Communities
Authors: Lew Rod , Chen W. William
Published: August 2013

Tobacco use continues to be the single most preventable cause of death for all groups in the United States, including Asian Americans (AAs) and Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPIs). Despite efforts in tobacco control over the past two decades, tobacco-related health disparities remain in some priority population groups, including AAs and NHPIs. This special supplement features strategies and promising practices for addressing the critical problem of tobacco in the AA and NHPI communities.
Sedentary Behavior and Health Outcomes in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Mitchell Jonathan A. , Byun Wonwoo
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this review was to summarize findings from epidemiological studies that determined if sedentary behavior was associated with obesity, metabolic risk factors, and cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents. We noted if studies adjusted for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), dietary intakes, and/or sleep duration. Articles were identified through PubMed using the search terms: (sedentary OR sitting OR television) AND (adiposity OR blood pressure OR body mass index OR cardiometabolic OR metabolic risk OR waist circumference). The search was limited to ages 6 to 18 years, humans, and published between January 1, 2008 and September 26, 2012. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies observed associations between more sedentary behavior, especially screen-based sedentary behavior, and measures of obesity; and most associations were independent of MVPA and dietary intake. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies reported associations between screen-based sedentary behavior and lower cardiorespiratory fitness, and most associations were independent of MVPA and obesity. Cross-sectional studies observed associations between more screen-based and objectively measured sedentary behavior and lower insulin sensitivity; and most associations were independent of MVPA and obesity. There was little-to-no evidence that sedentary behavior was associated with increased blood pressure and increased blood lipids.
Programs and Funding Sources for Children and Youth With Special Health Care Needs
Authors: Miesel Lindsay S. , Wallace Lee Shelly
Published: August 2013

Brief information is provided about the importance of knowing funding sources and available programs and services for children and youth with special health care needs. The information is summarized into a table, organized by federal funding source, with related state funding sources. The table lists the available program and services that are available.
Effect of IGF-1 and Uncultured Autologous Bone-Marrow-Derived Mononuclear Cells on Repair of Osteochondral Defect in Rabbits
Authors: Tiwary Ramesh , Amarpal  , Aithal Hari Prasad , Kinjavdekar Prakash , Pawde Abhijit M. , Singh Rajendra
Published: August 2013

Objective:

To investigate the utility of bone-marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMNCs) and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in articular cartilage repair.

Design:

An osteochondral defect of 3 mm diameter and 5 mm depth was created in patellar groove of the left knee joint in each of 36 New Zealand White rabbits. The defect was filled with RPMI-1640 medium in group A (control), autologous BMNCs in group B, and autologous BMNCs plus IGF-1 in group C ( n = 12). Healing of the defect was assessed by gross, scanning electron microscopic, radiographic, and histological examinations up to 90 days.

Results:

Gross and scanning electron microscopic examination of the healing site revealed superior gross morphology and surface architecture of the healing tissue in the animals of group C as compared to other groups. Radiographically on day 90, the defect area was not distinguishable from the surrounding area in group C, but a small circular defect area was still evident in groups A and B. The regenerated tissue was mostly hyaline in group C and fibrocartilage in groups A and B. The cells were well organized and showed better deposition of proteoglycans in groups C and B than in group A.

Conclusions:

It was concluded that implantation of bone-marrow-derived nucleated cells may facilitate the healing of osteochondral defects; however, the combination of BMNCs and IGF-1 induces faster and histologically better healing than the BMNCs alone.
Contrast-Enhanced Nanofocus X-Ray Computed Tomography Allows Virtual Three-Dimensional Histopathology and Morphometric Analysis of Osteoarthritis in Small Animal Models
Authors: Kerckhofs Greet , Sainz Julie , Maréchal Marina , Wevers Martine , Van de Putte Tom , Geris Liesbet , Schrooten Jan
Published: August 2013

Objective:

One of the early hallmarks of osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degeneration of the articular cartilage. Early diagnosis of OA-associated cartilage alterations would be beneficial for disease prevention and control, and for the development of disease-modifying treatments. However, early diagnosis is still hampered by a lack of quantifiable readouts in preclinical models.

Design:

In this study, we have shown the potency of contrast-enhanced nanofocus x-ray computed tomography (CE-nanoCT) to be used for virtual 3-dimensional (3D) histopathology in established mouse models for OA, and we compared with standard histopathology.

Results:

We showed the equivalence of CE-nanoCT images to histopathology for the modified Mankin scoring of the cartilage structure and quality. Additionally, a limited set of 3D cartilage characteristics measured by CE-nanoCT image analysis in a user-independent and semiautomatic manner, that is, average and maximum of the noncalcified cartilage thickness distribution and loss in glycosaminoglycans, was shown to be predictive for the cartilage quality and structure as can be evaluated by histopathological scoring through the use of an empirical model.

Conclusions:

We have shown that CE-nanoCT is a tool that allows virtual histopathology and 3D morphological quantification of multitissue systems, such as the chondro-osseous junction. It provides faster and more quantitative data on cartilage structure and quality compared with standard histopathology while eliminating user bias. CE-nanoCT thus should allow capturing subtle differences in cartilage characteristics, carefully mapping OA progression and, ultimately, asses the beneficial changes when testing a candidate disease-modifying treatment.
Climbing the Needs Pyramids
Authors: Lomas J. C.
Published: August 2013

Abraham Maslow’s theory of human adult motivation is often represented by a pyramid image showing two proposals: First, the five needs stages in emergent order of hierarchical ascension and second, a percentage of the adult population suggested to occupy each needs tier. Specifically, Maslow proposed that adults would be motivated to satisfy their unfilled needs until they reached the hierarchy’s apex and achieved self-transcendence. Yet how adults can purposefully ascend Maslow’s pyramid through satisfying unfilled needs remains elusive. This brief article challenges this on the theory’s 70th anniversary by presenting a new image of the needs hierarchy, based on ecological design principles to support adults’ purposeful endeavors to climb the needs pyramid.
Effects of sealing on corrosion behaviour of plasma-sprayed Cr2O3–8TiO2 coating
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Wang Zehua , Lin Pinghua
Published: August 2013

Plasma-sprayed Cr2O3–8 wt-% TiO2 coatings were deposited on mild steel and sealed by epoxy resin and silicone resin in different processes. The microstructure and corrosion resistance of all coatings were investigated. The results showed that silicone resin sealant can seal the coating well and 91% of interconnected porosity was blocked. The sealant can penetrate into the coating by more than 280 μm. The coating sealed with silicone resin in vacuum conditions had the highest corrosion potential Ecorr ( −375 mV) and lowest corrosion current density icorr (17 mA m−2) in electrochemical tests. Correspondingly, the unsealed coating had the lowest Ecorr and highest icorr. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was in the following order: coating sealed with silicone resin in vacuum>coating sealed with silicone resin in air>coating sealed with epoxy resin in vacuum>coating sealed with epoxy resin in air>unsealed coating.
Properties of cobalt based hardfacing deposits with various carbon contents
Authors: Liu D S , Liu R P , Wei Y H , Pan P
Published: August 2013

The properties of three cobalt based hardfacing deposits containing 0·37, 0·56 and 0·82 wt-% of carbon were studied. The results showed that hardness is enhanced with the increase in carbon contents in the case of as deposited condition and tempering treatment. The increasing rate in hardness increases with the increase in tempering temperature and time but declines with the increase in carbon contents in the hardfacing metal. In addition, the wear loss decreases with the increase in carbon contents at room temperature (RT) and 600°C. In comparison, there is a significant increase in the amount of wear of the metals at 600°C to that at RT. Oxidation tests at 600°C for 100 h showed a slight variation in weight loss of cobalt based metals with different carbon contents. It was also found that the carbon content reduces the crack resistance of cobalt based hardfacing deposits.
Effect of ceria coating on corrosion behaviour of low alloy steel
Authors: Ghosh D , Shukla A K , Mitra S K
Published: August 2013

This paper investigates the effect of cerium oxide (CeO2) coating on the high temperature corrosion behaviour of normalised and tempered 2·25Cr–1Mo steel in oxidation–sulphidation (SO2+O2) mixed gas environment. The CeO2 coating of two different coating thicknesses (150 and 300 μm) is prepared for experimental investigations. The isothermal corrosion study of uncoated and different CeO2 coated specimens is carried out in SO2+O2 environment at 973 K. The external scales of the post-corroded specimens are characterised after corrosion test by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. CeO2 coated specimens show higher corrosion resistance than uncoated specimen. The higher corrosion resistance of CeO2 coated specimens is associated with excellent scale plasticity and adhesion. The detailed mechanism of the corrosion is discussed in the paper.
Cavitation silt erosion behaviour of HVOF sprayed nickel based alloy coatings
Authors: Hong S , Wu Y P , Wang Q , Li G Y , Ying G B , Wang B , Gao W W
Published: August 2013

In this work, the cavitation silt erosion behaviour and the mechanisms of high velocity oxygen fuel sprayed nickel based alloy coatings under different sediment concentration conditions were studied. The coating with low porosity of 0·88±0·06% consists of γ-Ni, Ni3B, Cr23C6, Cr7C3 and WC phases. The mass loss and mass loss rate of the coatings are found to increase with sediment concentration increasing as a result of more interaction between sand particles and specimen. For the coating in 0 kg m−3 solution, crater and lip are observed on the eroded surface. For the coating in 20 kg m−3 solution, signatures of crater and microcutting are observed. When the sediment concentration rises up to 40 kg m−3, a process of crater and microcutting first, followed by ploughing and microcutting, is observed. The results suggested that the cavitation silt erosion mechanism for the coating is a ductile erosion mode.
Modification of TiB2/Fe coating by SMAW with high carbon ferrochrome
Authors: Guo L J , Wang X B , Wang F H , Wang H B
Published: August 2013

In order to improve the corrosion resistance of the TiB2/Fe composite coatings, high carbon ferrochromium powder was added to the precursor powders. This study evaluates the effect of high carbon ferrochrome added to the composite coating processed by shielded metal arc welding process. The phase composition and microstructure were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrum. Vickers hardness was measured from the top surface of the coatings using a Vickers hardness tester. Corrosion property was carried out by a potentiodynamic corrosion test. Thermodynamic analysis was used to make clear of the formation process. It is found that with the amounts of high carbon ferrochromium in the electrodes increasing, the TiB2 reinforcements in the coatings are replaced progressively by TiC particles and iron boride phase and practically disappear at last. Both the hardness and corrosion resistance of the coatings modified with high carbon ferrochrome have been improved.