bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bilan matière-énergie de la filière de traitement des véhicules hors d’usage (VHU)
Authors: Boulmier Jean-Michel , Grapin Aline , Rousseaux Patrick
Published: June 2015

This article presents a modelling of the present French treatment method of end of live vehicles (or VHU). The final analysis matter-energy, which in this article takes into consideration the treatment of a reference VHU as well as the treatment of the corresponding quantity of steel scrap for shredder (or FAB) was accomplished by the application of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. This leads to the conclusion that the present valorisation rate of the reference VHU (the average VHU emptied of fuel) is 81.4 %. On the other hand, it was shown that crushing consumed 50 % of the electric energy used by the treatment method. Concerning the diesel oil consumption itself, 60 % was accountable for place to place transportation and 40 % for the treatment sites. Finally, the energetic valorisation of the products being disposed in landfill nowadays should allow to release as much energy than the treatment method consumes to guarantee its own functioning.

Cet article présente une modélisation de la filière française actuelle de traitement des véhicules en fin de vie ou VHU. Son bilan matière-énergie, qui, dans cet article, prend en compte à la fois le traitement d’un VHU de référence et celui de la quantité de ferrailles à broyer (ou FAB) correspondante, a été réalisé en utilisant la méthode des analyses de cycle de vie (ACV). Il permet de conclure que le taux actuel de valorisation par la filière d’un VHU de référence (VHU moyen comprenant le plein de fluides, y compris de carburant) est de 81,4 %. Par ailleurs, nous avons montré que le broyage consommait 50 % de l’énergie électrique utilisée par la filière. La consommation de gasoil se répartit quant à elle entre les transports intersites et l’activité sur les chantiers dans une proportion respective de 40 %/60 %. Enfin la valorisation énergétique des produits aujourd’hui mis en décharge permettrait de dégager autant d’énergie que la filière n’en consomme pour son fonctionnement.
Valorisation de mâchefers d’incinération d’ordures ménagères: Partie 1 : caractérisation des mâchefers
Authors: Bruder-Hubscher Véronique , Lagarde Florence , Leroy Maurice , Midy Magali , Enguehard François
Published: June 2015

France incinerates about 40% of its municipal solid waste (MSW), producing 2.7 million tons of bottom ash annually. Utilization of bottom ash is encouraged in France but strictly regulated. Only bottom ash meeting specific criteria and produced in accordance with a quality assurance plan can be used in road works. It is then important to study their characteristics before its utilization in real conditions. Geotechnic characteristics and low leachable fraction obtained on a studied bottom ash are in accordance with the regulation to be used in road construction. The study of its composition has shown the presence of major elements (Si, Ca, Al, S), minor elements (Cr, Mn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn) and trace elements (As, Cd, Hg, Se) which have been quantified.

En France, environ 40 % des ordures ménagères sont incinérées produisant 2,7millions de tonnes de mâchefers par an. Il est possible d’utiliser ce déchet en technique routière s’il répond à des critères bien spécifiques (circulaire ministérielle du 9 mai 1994). Il est donc important de connaître les caractéristiques des mâchefers avant de rendre effective leur valorisation. L’objet de ce travail est d’abord de caractériser un mâchefer d’incinération d’ordures ménagères destiné à être valorisé. Les caractéristiques géotechniques et la faible fraction lixiviable déterminées sur ce mâchefer permettent, selon la réglementation, son utilisation en technique routière. Par ailleurs, la détermination de sa composition élémentaire a montré la présence d’éléments majeurs (Si, Ca, Al, S), mineurs (Cr, Mn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn) et traces (As, Cd, Hg, Se) dont les différentes teneurs ont été quantifiées.
Solidification/stabilisation des vases à base de chaux et additifs. Concepts comportementaux et lixiviation
Authors: Rey Francis , Levacher Daniel , Quenec’h Jean-Louis
Published: June 2015

Sludge materials pose a problem for harbour and coastal engineers in respect with the environment rules. The stabilization/solidification (S/S concept) constitutes one way to reuse them as civil construction materials. After determination the fundamental mechanisms governing the complex physical-chemical evolutions of this composites, lixiviation tests were improved in order to study the efficiency and type of contaminants mobility. The results allow to consider different mobility potentials according to the studied metals.

Devant la situation actuelle préoccupante du devenir des matériaux vasards contaminés, le traitement par Solidification/Stabilisation (S/S) est une solution pouvant permettre leur valorisation en génie civil. Après une étude qui a permis d’identifier les mécanismes physico-chimiques clefs responsables des évolutions physico-mécaniques complexes de ce type de composites, une étude de lixiviation a été conduite afin d’étudier l’efficacité et le type d’immobilisation des métaux lourds au sein des matrices. Les résultats nous amènent à considérer différents potentiels d’immobilisation suivant les métaux considérés.
Technologies propres et traitement de surface
Authors: Laforest Valérie , Debray Bruno , Grange Didier , Bourgois Jacques
Published: June 2015

The application of the clean technologies to the metal finishing workshops can be obtain by three ways: the optimization, the substitution and the modification of the production process by, for example, the introduction of valorization processes. We have developed a method which allows industrialists to choose the best valorization techniques of their effluents. This method which is based upon each industrial and process constraints (technical, regulation, etc.) lead us to develop a decision support system (3R-ETS).

L’application des technologies propres aux ateliers de traitement de surface peut se faire suivant trois approches complémentaires que sont l’optimisation, la substitution et la modification du procédé de production par l’introduction de techniques de valorisation. Nous nous sommes plus particulièrement intéressés à cette dernière approche en développant une démarche méthodologique pour le choix des procédés de valorisation des effluents. Cette démarche qui prend en compte toutes les contraintes auxquelles sont soumis les industriels et les procédés (contraintes techniques, réglementaires, etc.) nous a amené à développer un outil informatique d’aide à la décision (3R-ETS).
ÉVALUATION DÉTAILLÉE DES RISQUES POUR LA SANTÉ DANS LES ÉTUDES D’IMPACT ET SUR DES SITES POLLUÉS. Réalisation technique et scientifique. Approche juridique
Authors: Karg Frank , Huglo Christian , Coupe Jérôme , Debakre Guillaume
Published: June 2015

The technical and scientific realization, and also the reglementation approach of detailed Health Risk Assessments for Impact Studies and for contaminated sites are described.This publication described in detail :– methods for definition of exposition scenarios,– exposition quantification,– quantification of health, risks,– the legal context for detailed Health Risk assessments,– the definitions of acceptable and not-acceptable risks.The use and the utility of Health Risk Assessments are described for the French legal context in civil and penal laws.

La réalisation technique et scientifique ainsi que l’approche juridique des évaluations détaillées de risques (EDR) pour les études d’impacts et les sites pollués sont décrites dans la publication ci-jointe.La présente publication décrit en détail :– les méthodes de définition des scénarios d’expositions,– la quantification des expositions,– la quantification des risques pour la santé– le code d’application des évaluations détaillées des risques sanitaires dans son contexte juridique français,– les définitions des risques acceptables et non-acceptables.L’utilisation et l’utilité des évaluations des risques sanitaires sont exposées dans le cadre du droit privé et pénal français.
Le devenir des mâchefers d'incinération d'ordures ménagères: Partie 2 : traitement des mâchefers. Effet de la maturation, du tamisage, du déferraillage et du lavage à l’eau
Authors: Amokrane Ahcéne , Blanchard Jean-Marie , Billard Hervé , Chatelet Snidaro Lise , Delineau Thierry , Bourdier Christophe
Published: June 2015

According to the newsletter of 9 May 1994, municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ashes can be valorized as fill material if their polluting potential is low (V-class). In the opposite case, they have to be treated in a maturation center (M-class), or to be eliminated in a landfill center (S-class). The present study has allowed to show the beneficial effect of three treatments (maturation, sifting and water-washing) in the improvement of the environmental quality of bottom ashes. However, the separation of iron has no effect if it is carried out upstream the maturation, but this treatment has to be prescribed downstream of the maturation to allow an effective valorisation (this is a condition often demanded of a geotechnical viewpoint). ln general, if the maturation do not permit to obtain directly a V-class bottom ashes, it can be coupled to a 4 or 6 mm-sifting to convert bottom ashes of M or S-class to a V-class.

Selon la circulaire du 9 mai 1994, les mâchefers peuvent être valorisés comme remblais si leur potentiel polluant est faible (mâchefers V), Dans le cas contraire, ils doivent être, soit traités dans un centre de maturation pour les rendre valorisables (mâchefers M), soit éliminés dans un centre de stockage (mâchefers S). La présente étude a permis de montrer l'effet bénéfique de la maturation, du tamisage et du lavage à l'eau dans l'amélioration de la qualité environnementale des mâchefers. En revanche, le déferraillage n'a pratiquement aucun effet lorsqu'il est réalisé en amont de la maturation, mais il doit être réalisé en aval pour permettre une valorisation effective (condition souvent exigée d'un point de vue géotechnique). De manière générale, lorsque la maturation ne permet pas d'obtenir directement des mâchefers de classe V, elle peut être couplée à un tamisage à 4 ou 6 mm pour avoir toutes les chances de convertir des mâchefers de classe M ou S en catégorie V.
Remobilisation de métaux lourds à partir de déchets solides vitrifiés: Nouvelles techniques d'évaluation
Authors: Motelica-Heino Mikael , Donard Olivier F.X. , Gauthier Arnaud , Thomassin Jean-Hugues , Le Coustumer Philippe
Published: June 2015

New techniques for the investigation of the diffusion of metallic pollutants from solid wastes are presented. The methodology is based on the use of dynamic leaching tests with on line detection by ICP-MS and transmission electronic microscopy.

De nouvelles techniques pour l'étude de la remobilisation de polluants métalliques à partir de déchets solides sont présentées. La méthodologie employée repose sur l'utilisation conjointe de tests de lixiviation dynamique avec détection en ligne par ICP-MS et de la microscopie électronique à transmission.
Métaux lourds dans la matière fermentescible végétale d'ordures ménagères marocaines
Authors: Naifar El Maati , Pineau Jean-Louis , Marghiche Taïb , El Yahyaoui Ahmed
Published: June 2015

Lead contents inferior at 6 ppm of dry matter (d.m) of wasted vegetals in garbage of Rabat (Morocco) are less than that given in literature, over 80 ppm d.m. The lead distribution according to vegetals depends on the physiological behaviour. In fact a linear relation between lead, zinc, chromium having low contents in ppm explains the ash content given in percent. Moreover some plants as parsily have a grade of lead approaching the limit of the acceptable concentration for saling according to the rules given by the French higher committee of health.

Les teneurs en plomb, inférieures à 6 mg/kg matière sèche (m.s), des végétaux rejetés dans des ordures ménagères de l'agglomération de Rabat (Maroc), sont nettement plus faibles que celles données dans la littérature, supérieures à 80 mg/kg m.s. La répartition du plomb suivant les végétaux dépend d'un comportement physiologique propre au végétal puisqu'une relation linéaire entre les teneurs en plomb, zinc, chrome exprimées en mg/kg explique pour partir les teneurs en cendres exprimées en pourcent. De plus, certains végétaux tel que le persil ont des teneurs en plomb du même ordre de grandeur que la limite de concentration acceptable pour une mise sur le marché, donnée par le Conseil supérieur d'hygiène publique de France.
Strategies for Coordination of a Serosurvey in Parallel with an Immunization Coverage Survey
Authors: Travassos Mark A. , Beyene Berhane , Adam Zenaw , Campbell James D. , Mulholland Nigisti , Diarra Seydou S. , Kassa Tassew , Oot Lisa , Sequeira Jenny , Reymann Mardi , Blackwelder William C. , Pasetti Marcela F. , Sow Samba O. , Steinglass Robert , Kebede Amha , Levine Myron M.
Published: June 2015

A community-based immunization coverage survey is the standard way to estimate effective vaccination delivery to a target population in a region. Accompanying serosurveys can provide objective measures of protective immunity against vaccine-preventable diseases but pose considerable challenges with respect to specimen collection and preservation and community compliance. We performed serosurveys coupled to immunization coverage surveys in three administrative districts (woredas) in rural Ethiopia. Critical to the success of this effort were serosurvey equipment and supplies, team composition, and tight coordination with the coverage survey. Application of these techniques to future studies may foster more widespread use of serosurveys to derive more objective assessments of vaccine-derived seroprotection and monitor and compare the performance of immunization services in different districts of a country.
Diabetes: A Contributor to Tuberculosis in Tropical Australia
Authors: Bridson Tahnee , Matthiesson Anthony , Owens Leigh , Govan Brenda , Norton Robert , Ketheesan Natkunam
Published: June 2015

In countries with a high-burden of tuberculosis (TB), it has been well established that there is an increased incidence of TB among patients with diabetes. However, in countries with a low burden of TB there are conflicting reports. This study aimed to determine if diabetes was associated with TB in patients admitted to a teaching hospital in tropical Australia. A 20-year retrospective study found patients with comorbid diabetes were seven times overrepresented in the TB patient population when compared with the general population. This study demonstrates a strong association between TB and diabetes regardless of TB endemicity.
The Story Behind a Letter in Support of Professor Derrick Bell
Authors: Butler Cheryl Nelson , Ifill Sherrilyn , Malveaux Suzette , Montoya Margaret E. , Saito Natsu Taylor , Smith Nareissa L. , Washington Tanya
Published: June 2015

None.
The Dead Bodies of Bobruisk, Belarus 1941–45
Authors: Straede Therkel
Published: June 2015

This paper traces the massacres of Jews and Soviet prisoners of war in November 1941 in
the city of Bobruisk, Eastern Belarus. Sparked by a current memorial at one of the killing
sites, the author examines the historic events of the killings themselves and presents a
micro level analysis of the various techniques for murdering and disposing of such large
numbers of victims. A contrast will be shown between the types of actions applied to the
victims by the German army, SS, police personnel and other local collaborators, reflecting
an imposed racial hierarchisation even after their death.
Magmatic recharge in continental flood basalts: Insights from the Chifeng igneous province in Inner Mongolia
Authors: Yu Xun , Lee Cin‐Ty A. , Chen Li‐Hui , Zeng Gang
Published: June 2015

Eruptive sequences can be used as windows into the thermal and chemical evolution of magma chambers. We examined a continuous vertical section of the Baichahe basalt flow associated with the late Cenozoic Chifeng flood basalt in Inner Mongolia, North China. From oldest to youngest, MgO increases, K2O, light rare earths and other incompatible elements decrease, and Nb/La and radiogenic Pb isotopic ratios increase, all of which indicate increasing primitiveness and decreasing contribution of crustal contamination with time. The variable Pb isotope and incompatible element ratios require a component of crustal contamination, most likely of the lower crust (unradiogenic Pb, and low Ce/Pb), in the earliest lavas. Fractional crystallization can explain some of the elemental systematics, but alone cannot explain variable incompatible element ratios and Pb isotopes, nor the temporal trend to more primitive compositions. Crustal assimilation with or without fractional crystallization also cannot explain all the elemental systematics. We find instead that recharge by a primitive magma, in combination with fractional crystallization and decreasing rates of crustal assimilation, is needed to explain the observed geochemical systematics. Our observations suggest that the delivery of fresh basalt to the magma chamber must increase at rates faster than the crust can be assimilated or that the rates of crustal assimilation must decrease. However, progressive addition of primitive magma should heat up the crust and lead to more crustal assimilation. We suggest that during the initial stages of forming a magma chamber, the magma cools and develops an outer crystalline rind of mafic to ultramafic cumulates. This results in a thickening nonconvecting chemical boundary layer, which serves to insulate the magma chamber from further assimilation of crust and cooling, the latter resulting in the reduction of crystallization rates and the buffering of magma compositions at more primitive compositions. We show that certain segments of other large igneous provinces also display an evolution toward more primitive magmas with time, indicating that magmatic recharge may be a common feature of basaltic magma chambers.
Optimizing the Photocontrol of bZIP Coiled Coils with Azobenzene Crosslinkers: Role of the Crosslinking Site
Authors: Ali Ahmed M. , Forbes Matthew W. , Woolley G. Andrew
Published: June 2015

DNA binding by bZIP‐type coiled‐coil proteins can be inhibited by dominant negative versions of the proteins in which the N‐terminal basic region is replaced by an acidic extension. Photocontrol of bZIP function can be achieved by introducing intramolecular azobenzene‐based crosslinkers into dominant negatives. We show that the largest degree of photocontrol is achieved when the crosslinker is introduced into the zipper region of the dominant negative between Cys residues placed at f sites in the heptad segment showing the highest intrinsic helical propensity. The overall affinity of the dominant negative can then be tuned by varying the length of the acidic extension.
Industrielle und natürliche Kernreaktoren
Authors: Binnewies Michael , Willner Helge , Woenckhaus Jürgen
Published: June 2015

Alle Elemente mit atomaren Massen oberhalb der von Eisen, so auch die radioaktiven Elemente Thorium und Uran, wurden durch eine Supernova‐Sternexplosion gebildet [10]. Ihre langlebigen Isotope sind nun in der Erdkruste weit verbreitet. Die Chemie von Uran und Thorium ist wenig bedeutend, aber dafür können mit diesen Elementen in Kernkraftwerken gewaltige Energiemengen freigesetzt werden. Wie dies möglich ist, wird beschrieben. Überraschend ist, dass auch ein natürlicher Kernreaktor über hunderttausend Jahre selbständig Wärmeenergie lieferte. Nachfolgend haben wir dieses Phänomen, die Grundlagen der Kernspaltung, die verschiedenen Typen von Atommeilern, Sicherheitsaspekte sowie neuere Entwicklungen behandelt.
Synthesis and Evaluation of a Series of Long‐Acting Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) Pentasaccharide Conjugates for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Irwin Nigel , Patterson Steven , de Kort Martin , Moffett R. Charlotte , Wisse Jeffry A. J. , Dokter Wim H. A. , Bos Ebo S. , Miltenburg André M. M. , Flatt Peter R.
Published: June 2015

The present study details the development of a family of novel D‐Ala8 glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) peptide conjugates by site specific conjugation to an antithrombin III (ATIII) binding carrier pentasaccharide through tetraethylene glycol linkers. All conjugates were found to possess potent insulin‐releasing activity. Peptides with short linkers (<25 atoms) conjugated at Lys34 and Lys37 displayed strong GLP‐1 receptor (GLP‐1‐R) binding affinity. All D‐Ala8GLP‐1 conjugates exhibited prominent glucose‐lowering action. Biological activity of the Lys37 short‐linker peptide was evident up to 72 h post‐injection. In agreement, the pharmacokinetic profile of this conjugate (t1/2, 11 h) was superior to that of the GLP‐1‐R agonist, exenatide. Once‐daily injection of the Lys37 short‐linker peptide in ob/ob mice for 21 days significantly decreased food intake and improved HbA1c and glucose tolerance. Islet size was decreased, with no discernible change in islet number. The beneficial effects of the Lys37 short‐linker peptide were similar to or better than either exenatide or liraglutide, another GLP‐1‐R agonist. In conclusion, GLP‐1 peptides conjugated to an ATIII binding carrier pentasaccharide have a substantially prolonged bioactive profile compatible for possible once‐weekly treatment of type 2 diabetes in humans.
On the Complexity of Computing the Excessive [B]‐Index of a Graph
Authors: Cariolaro David , Rizzi Romeo
Published: June 2015

Let B be a positive integer and let G be a simple graph. An excessive [B]‐factorization of G is a minimum set of matchings, each of size B, whose union is . The number of matchings in an excessive [B]‐factorization of G (or ∞ if an excessive [B]‐factorization does not exist) is a graph parameter called the excessive [B]‐index of G and denoted by . In this article we prove that, for any fixed value of B, the parameter can be computed in polynomial time in the size of the graph G. This solves a problem posed by one of the authors at the 21st British Combinatorial Conference.
Analysis of piles subjected to lateral soil movements using a three‐dimensional displacement approach
Authors: Hirai Hiroyoshi
Published: June 2015

An analytical approach using the three‐dimensional displacement of a soil is investigated to provide analytical solutions of the horizontal response of a circular pile subjected to lateral soil movements in nonhomogeneous soil. The lateral stiffness coefficient of the pile shaft in nonhomogeneous soil is derived from the rocking stiffness coefficient that is obtained from the analytical solution, taking into account the three‐dimensional displacement represented in terms of scalar potentials in the elastic three‐dimensional analysis. The relationship between horizontal displacement, rotation, moment, and shear force of a pile subjected to lateral soil movements in nonhomogeneous soil is obtainable in the form of the recurrence equation. For the relationship between the lateral pressure and the horizontal displacement, it is assumed that the behavior is linear elastic up to lateral soil yield, and the lateral pressure is constant under the lateral soil yield. The interaction factors between piles subjected to both lateral load and moment are calculated, taking into account the lateral soil movement. The formulation of the lateral displacement and rotation of the pile base subjected to lateral loads in nonhomogeneous soils is presented by taking into account the Mindlin equation and the equivalent thickness for soil layers in the equivalent elastic method. For lateral movement, lateral pressure, bending moment, and interaction factors, there are small differences between results obtained from the 1‐D and the 3‐D displacement methods except a very flexible pile. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sol–gel synthesis, physicochemical characterization, and analytical applications of copper selective composite cation exchanger: Polyvinyl alcohol Ce(IV) phosphate
Authors: Mohammad Ali , Hussain Sardar , Inamuddin
Published: June 2015

An organic–inorganic composite cation exchanger polyvinyl alcohol Ce(IV) phosphate was prepared by the sol–gel method. The composite cation exchanger was characterized by some physicochemical properties like FTIR, TGA/DTA/DTG, XRD, SEM, TEM, EDX, and ion exchange properties to validate the structure and the ion exchange behavior. Ion exchange parameters indicated that the composite material is suitable for column operation. The ion exchange capacity of the composite ion exchanger is higher than that of the inorganic counterpart which showed that the incorporation of organic polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is responsible for prevention of the leaching of inorganic ion exchanger thereby proving mechanical stability and enhanced ion exchange properties. The distribution studies showed the selectivity toward Cu(II) ions, a heavy toxic metal ion. It was also observed that the selectivity depended upon the nature and composition of contacting solvents. The binary separation of a mixture of heavy metal ions Cu(II)–Zn(II), Cu(II)–Cd(II), and Cu(II)–Ni(II) also achieved thus composite cation exchanger proved excellent material could be effectively utilized in the treatment of discharge from copper plating, copper alloy, copper batteries, and smelting industries, whereas outstanding thermal stability of this composite ion exchanger could be utilized for the treatment of wastewater having Cu(II) ions with high temperature such as power generation and desalination plants. This composite ion exchanger with outstanding properties have potential to deal with aquatic toxicology caused by Cu(II) ions in future. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:332–340, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
R-acetoin accumulation and dissimilation in Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Wang Dexin , Zhou Jidong , Chen Chuan , Wei Dong , Shi Jiping , Jiang Biao , Liu Pengfu , Hao Jian
Published: June 2015

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a 2,3-butanediol producer, and R-acetoin is an intermediate of 2,3-butanediol production. R-acetoin accumulation and dissimilation in K. pneumoniae was studied here. A budC mutant, which has lost 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase activity, accumulated high levels of R-acetoin in culture broth. However, after glucose was exhausted, the accumulated R-acetoin could be reused by the cells as a carbon source. Acetoin dehydrogenase enzyme system, encoded by acoABCD, was responsible for R-acetoin dissimilation. acoABCD mutants lost the ability to grow on acetoin as the sole carbon source, and the acetoin accumulated could not be dissimilated. However, in the presence of another carbon source, the acetoin accumulated in broth of acoABCD mutants was converted to 2,3-butanediol. Parameters of R-acetoin production by budC mutants were optimized in batch culture. Aerobic culture and mildly acidic conditions (pH 6–6.5) favored R-acetoin accumulation. At the optimized conditions, in fed-batch fermentation, 62.3 g/L R-acetoin was produced by budC and acoABCD double mutant in 57 h culture, with an optical purity of 98.0 %, and a substrate conversion ratio of 28.7 %.
Shirozulite, a Brittle Mn-mica in Manganese Formation of Gangpur Group, Eastern India
Authors: Dash Nilima , Mohapatra B. K.
Published: June 2015

Shirozulite, ideally KMn3 (AlSi3) O10 (OH)2, is recorded for the first time in metamorphosed manganese formation of Gangpur group in eastern India. It is associated with spessartine, jacobsite, calcite, rhodochrosite and muscovite which seemingly formed by the reaction of muscovite with rhodochrosite. In-situ chemical composition shows some variation in Mn-content from the original shirozulite reported from Japan. Powder X-Ray diffraction studies reveal the unit cell parameters of shirozulite in the triclinic system as a=5.14 ±0.02Å, b=9.21±0.01Å, c=10.17±0.13 Å, b=94.14±0.31o and cell volume in Å3 = 487.22.
Dietary ratio of animal:plant protein is associated with 24-h urinary iodine excretion in healthy school children
Authors: Montenegro-Bethancourt Gabriela , Johner Simone A. , Stehle Peter , Remer Thomas
Published: June 2015

Adequate dietary iodine intake in children is essential for optimal physical and neurological development. Whether lower dietary animal food and salt intake may adversely affect iodine status is under discussion. We examined the association between dietary animal:plant protein ratio with 24-h urinary iodine excretion (24-h UI, μg/d), and whether this is modified by salt intake. A 24-h UI was measured in 1959 24-h urine samples from 516 6- to 12-year-old participants of the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed Study. Parallel 3 d weighed food records were used to estimate dietary intakes. Protein sources were classified as dairy, animal and plant. A repeated-measures regression model (PROC MIXED) was used to analyse the effect of animal:plant protein ratios on 24-h UI. Animal:plant protein ratios ranged from 0·5 (95 % CI 0·4, 0·6) to 1·6 (95 % CI 1·4, 1·9) (lowest and highest quartile). After adjustment for total energy intake, main dietary iodine sources (dairy and salt intake), and further covariates, the inter-individual variation in animal:plant protein ratio was significantly associated with variation in 24-h UI. One unit higher animal:plant protein ratio predicted 6 μg/d higher 24-h UI (P= 0·002) in boys and 5 μg/d (P= 0·03) in girls. This relationship was partially mediated by a higher salt intake at higher animal:plant protein ratios. These results suggest that lower consumption of animal protein is associated with a small decline in iodine excretion, partially mediated by decreased salt intake. Because limited salt and increased intake of plant-based foods are part of a preferable healthy food pattern, effective nutrition political strategies will be required in the future to ensure appropriate iodine nutrition in adherent populations.
Architecture of TFIIIC and its role in RNA polymerase III pre-initiation complex assembly
Authors: Male Gary , von Appen Alexander , Glatt Sebastian , Taylor Nicholas M. I. , Cristovao Michele , Groetsch Helga , Beck Martin , Müller Christoph W.
Published: June 2015

In eukaryotes, RNA Polymerase III (Pol III) is specifically responsible for transcribing genes encoding tRNAs and other short non-coding RNAs. The recruitment of Pol III to tRNA-encoding genes requires the transcription factors (TF) IIIB and IIIC. TFIIIC has been described as a conserved, multi-subunit protein complex composed of two subcomplexes, called τA and τB. How these two subcomplexes are linked and how their interaction affects the formation of the Pol III pre-initiation complex (PIC) is poorly understood. Here we use chemical crosslinking mass spectrometry and determine the molecular architecture of TFIIIC. We further report the crystal structure of the essential TPR array from τA subunit τ131 and characterize its interaction with a central region of τB subunit τ138. The identified τ131–τ138 interacting region is essential in vivo and overlaps with TFIIIB-binding sites, revealing a crucial interaction platform for the regulation of tRNA transcription initiation.
On-Surface Observation of the Formation of Organometallic Complex in a Supramolecular Network
Authors: Li Yibao , Cheng Linxiu , Liu Chunhua , Liu Wei , Fan Yulan , Fan Xiaolin , Zeng Qingdao
Published: June 2015

The on-surface formation of organometallic monomers or oligomers, especially in supramolecular network, attracts an extensive interest for chemists and material scientist. In this work, we have investigated metal coordination between zinc (II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and 1, 3-di (4-pyridyl) propane (dipy-pra) in the 2, 6, 11-tricarboxydecyloxy-3, 7, 10-triundecyloxy triphenylene (asym-TTT) supramolecular template by means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrate under ambient conditions. The experimental results demonstrate that every two ZnPc molecules in one nano-reactor connect with each other through one dipy-pra molecule by metal-coordination interaction. In this coordinating process, the template of asym-TTT supramolecular networks plays a significant role.
PsANT, the adenine nucleotide translocase of Puccinia striiformis, promotes cell death and fungal growth
Authors: Tang Chunlei , Wei Jinping , Han Qingmei , Liu Rui , Duan Xiaoyuan , Fu Yanping , Huang Xueling , Wang Xiaojie , Kang Zhensheng
Published: June 2015

Adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) is a constitutive mitochondrial component that is involved in ADP/ATP exchange and mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis in yeast and mammals. However, little is known about the function of ANT in pathogenic fungi. In this study, we identified an ANT gene of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), designated PsANT. The PsANT protein contains three typical conserved mitochondrion-carrier-protein (mito-carr) domains and shares more than 70% identity with its orthologs from other fungi, suggesting that ANT is conserved in fungi. Immuno-cytochemical localization confirmed the mitochondrial localization of PsANT in normal Pst hyphal cells or collapsed cells. Over-expression of PsANT indicated that PsANT promotes cell death in tobacco, wheat and fission yeast cells. Further study showed that the three mito-carr domains are all needed to induce cell death. qRT-PCR analyses revealed an in-planta induced expression of PsANT during infection. Knockdown of PsANT using a host-induced gene silencing system (HIGS) attenuated the growth and development of virulent Pst at the early infection stage but not enough to alter its pathogenicity. These results provide new insight into the function of PsANT in fungal cell death and growth and might be useful in the search for and design of novel disease control strategies.
Electronic polymers in lipid membranes
Authors: Johansson Patrik K. , Jullesson David , Elfwing Anders , Liin Sara I. , Musumeci Chiara , Zeglio Erica , Elinder Fredrik , Solin Niclas , Inganäs Olle
Published: June 2015

Electrical interfaces between biological cells and man-made electrical devices exist in many forms, but it remains a challenge to bridge the different mechanical and chemical environments of electronic conductors (metals, semiconductors) and biosystems. Here we demonstrate soft electrical interfaces, by integrating the metallic polymer PEDOT-S into lipid membranes. By preparing complexes between alkyl-ammonium salts and PEDOT-S we were able to integrate PEDOT-S into both liposomes and in lipid bilayers on solid surfaces. This is a step towards efficient electronic conduction within lipid membranes. We also demonstrate that the PEDOT-S@alkyl-ammonium:lipid hybrid structures created in this work affect ion channels in the membrane of Xenopus oocytes, which shows the possibility to access and control cell membrane structures with conductive polyelectrolytes.
Single molecule magnet behaviour in a {Dy4P2} octahedron
Authors: Zangana Karzan H. , Moreno Pineda Eufemio , Winpenny Richard E. P.
Published: June 2015

Two new {Ln4} cages are reported, bridged by phosphonate ligands. The anisotropy axes at the Dy(iii) sites are aligned, leading to slow relaxation of magnetisation.
Modeling the finger instability in an expanding cell monolayer
Authors: Tarle Victoria , Ravasio Andrea , Hakim Vincent , Gov Nir S.
Published: June 2015

Curvature-controlled cellular forces at the edge of an expanding monolayer are sufficient for the initiation and growth of finger-like instability.
Morphological study of microwave-assisted facile synthesis of gold nanoflowers/nanoparticles in aqueous medium and their catalytic application for reduction of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol
Authors: Bhosale Manohar A. , Chenna Divya R. , Ahire Jayendra P. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: June 2015

The present work reports a facile synthesis of gold (Au) nanoflowers and nanoparticles with various morphologies using different microwave powers in watts in DMSO.
Banco Sabadell Acquires Banco CAM: Leveraging a Cloud Computing Strategy
Authors: Busquets Javier , Álvarez Conchita
Published: June 2015

In a deep financial crisis in Spain, Banco Sabadell won a competitive bid to acquire Banco CAM for the price of €1. The President of Banco Sabadell Josep Oliu announced at a press conference on the 8 December 2012 that BCAM, a similar size to its acquirer, must be integrated in less than 1 year. Banco Sabadell management expected €331 million in synergies from 2012 to 2014. The case focuses on Miquel Montes, the new CEO in Banco CAM, and his team; Federico Rodriguez, new Chief Operations Officer; and Carles Abarca, new Chief Information Officer. Banco Sabadell had developed a cloud computing architecture never tested before in mergers and acquisitions (M&A). Despite Sabadell management's strong and proven experience of M&As, there were risks associated with the benefits. Students need to understand both in order to understand how to plan in such situations.
Rational extensions of the trigonometric Darboux-Pöschl-Teller potential based on para-Jacobi polynomials
Authors: Bagchi B. , Grandati Y. , Quesne C.
Published: June 2015

The possibility for the Jacobi equation to admit, in some cases, general solutions that are polynomials has been recently highlighted by Calogero and Yi, who termed them para-Jacobi polynomials. Such polynomials are used here to build seed functions of a Darboux-Bäcklund transformation for the trigonometric Darboux-Pöschl-Teller potential. As a result, one-step regular rational extensions of the latter depending both on an integer index n and on a continuously varying parameter λ are constructed. For each n value, the eigenstates of these extended potentials are associated with a novel family of λ-dependent polynomials, which are orthogonal on −1,1.
Remarks on damped fractional Schrödinger equation with pure power nonlinearity
Authors: Saanouni Tarek
Published: June 2015

We investigate the initial value problem for a semi-linear fractional damped Schrödinger equation. Global existence and scattering are proved depending on the size of the damping coefficient.
Structural and optical properties of cobalt slanted nanopillars conformally coated with few-layer graphene
Authors: Wilson Peter M. , Lipatov Alexey , Schmidt Daniel , Schubert Eva , Schubert Mathias , Sinitskii Alexander , Hofmann Tino
Published: June 2015

Optical characterization of anisotropic multicomponent nanostructures is generally not a trivial task, since the relation between a material's structural properties and its permittivity tensor is nonlinear. In this regard, an array of slanted cobalt nanopillars that are conformally coated with few-layer graphene is a particularly challenging object for optical characterization, as it has a complex anisotropic geometry and comprises several materials with different topologies and filling fractions. Normally, a detailed characterization of such complex nanostructures would require a combination of several microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. In this letter, we demonstrate that the important structural parameters of these graphene-coated sculptured thin films can be determined using a fast and simple generalized spectroscopic ellipsometry test combined with an anisotropic Bruggeman effective medium approximation. The graphene coverage as well as structural parameters of nanostructured thin films agree excellently with electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy observations. The demonstrated optical approach may also be applied to the characterization of other nanostructured materials.
Self-regulated growth of LaVO3 thin films by hybrid molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Zhang Hai-Tian , Dedon Liv R. , Martin Lane W. , Engel-Herbert Roman
Published: June 2015

LaVO3 thin films were grown on SrTiO3 (001) by hybrid molecular beam epitaxy. A volatile metalorganic precursor, vanadium oxytriisopropoxide (VTIP), and elemental La were co-supplied in the presence of a molecular oxygen flux. By keeping the La flux fixed and varying the VTIP flux, stoichiometric LaVO3 films were obtained for a range of cation flux ratios, indicating the presence of a self-regulated growth window. Films grown under stoichiometric conditions were found to have the largest lattice parameter, which decreased monotonically with increasing amounts of excess La or V. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Rutherford backscattering measurements were carried out to confirm film compositions. Stoichiometric growth of complex vanadate thin films independent of cation flux ratios expands upon the previously reported self-regulated growth of perovskite titanates using hybrid molecular beam epitaxy, thus demonstrating the general applicability of this growth approach to other complex oxide materials, where a precise control over film stoichiometry is demanded by the application.
16 Boolean logics in three steps with two anti-serially connected memristors
Authors: Zhou Yaxiong , Li Yi , Xu Lei , Zhong Shujing , Sun Huajun , Miao Xiangshui
Published: June 2015

Memristor based logic gates that can execute memory and logic operations are regarded as building blocks for non Von Neumann computation architecture. In this letter, Ta/GeTe/Ag memristors were fabricated and showed reproducible binary switches between high-resistance and low-resistance states. Utilizing a structure with two anti-serially connected memristors, we propose a logic operation methodology, based on which arbitrary Boolean logic can be realized in three steps, and the logic result can be nonvolatilely stored. A functionally complete logic operation: NAND is further verified by HSPICE simulation and experiments. The implementation of logic-in-memory unit may stimulate the development of future massive parallel computing.
Domain patterning by electron beam of MgO doped lithium niobate covered by resist
Authors: Shur V. Ya. , Chezganov D. S. , Akhmatkhanov A. R. , Kuznetsov D. K.
Published: June 2015

Periodical domain structuring by focused electron beam irradiation of MgO-doped lithium niobate (MgOCLN) single crystalline plate covered by resist layer was studied both experimentally and by computer simulation. The dependences of domain size on the charge dose and distance between isolated domains were measured. It has been shown that the quality of periodical domain pattern depends on the thickness of resist layer and electron energy. The experimentally obtained periodic domain structures have been divided into four types. The irradiation parameters for the most uniform patterning were obtained experimentally. It was shown by computer simulation that the space charge slightly touching the crystal surface produced the maximum value of electric field at the resist/LN interface thus resulting in the best pattern quality. The obtained knowledge allowed us to optimize the poling process and to make the periodical domain patterns in 1-mm-thick wafers with an area up to 1 × 5 mm2 and a period of 6.89 μm for green light second harmonic generation. Spatial distribution of the efficiency of light frequency conversion confirmed the high homogeneity of the tailored domain patterns.
Gold nanoparticles formed directly on a membrane by ultraviolet light irradiation
Authors: Qian Hui , Shen Wei-Zheng , Chen Jian , Kawasaki Masahiro , Egerton Ray F.
Published: June 2015

There have been numerous research efforts directed towards the synthesis of gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) and the understanding of their formation, so that their size, shape, and stability can be well controlled for desired applications. Here, we report a dry photo-reduced method of Au NP formation directly on a membrane, such as a carbon thin film or a quartz slide. The evolution of Au NP formation was revealed by ex-situ experiments in an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope. The membranes were immersed in Au3+ solution before being taken out and quickly dried in ambient air at room temperature, then irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light with wavelengths of 189 nm and 254 nm in a low-pressure chamber. The results show that Au3+ ions and ion clusters self-assembled on the membrane surface before UV irradiation and that solid Au NPs with sizes of 3 nm–12 nm were formed after UV irradiation. Annealing at 40 °C for about 30 min helped to further stabilize the nanoparticles. The Au NPs were uniform and well dispersed, and should find applications in the electron microscopy field, for example.
The influence of amino group on PCDTBT-based and P3HT-based polymer solar cells: Hole trapping processes
Authors: Cai Wanzhu , Zhong Chengmei , Duan Chunhui , Hu Zhicheng , Dong Sheng , Cao Derong , Lei Ming , Huang Fei , Cao Yong
Published: June 2015

Polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on aliphatic-amino-functionalized materials presented low performance with negligibly small efficiency, the prime mechanism of which is found to be hole trapping induced by the amine end groups. We propose that such hole trapping behavior depends on the relative energetic position of the hole transport states and the trapping states. Herein, we comparatively study the photovoltaic properties of PSCs based on amino-functionalized fullerene derivative blended with poly [N-9′-heptadecanyl-2, 7-carbazole-alt-5, 5-(4′, 7′-di-2-thienyl-2′, 1′, 3′-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT) or poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). The former polymer has a lower-positioning highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level, whereas the latter has a comparable HOMO level relative to the ionization state of tertiary aliphatic amine in energy. Our investigation confirms our proposition, revealing an ultrafast trapping process in PCDTBT:amino-group-functionalized fullerene derivative film, which seriously crippled hole transport, consequently results in very poor device performance. In contrast, trapping process is almost negligible in P3HT systems.
Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3:ZnO lead-free piezoelectric composites with deferred thermal depolarization
Authors: Zhang Ji , Pan Zhao , Nie Peng-Xiao , Cui Yu-Shuang , Yang Bin , Chen Jun , Zhang Shan-Tao
Published: June 2015

Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT) is among the most promising lead-free piezoelectric candidates. However, depolarization of BNT is a longstanding obstacle for practical applications. Here, we report that piezoelectric composites of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3:xZnO (BNT:xZnO, where x is the mole ratio of ZnO to BNT) have deferred thermal depolarization. With increasing x from 0 to 0.4, the observed depolarization temperature (Td) tends to be deferred near x = 0.3, as confirmed by temperature dependent dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric measurements. As the result, the piezoelectric properties of the composites can be well maintained even after the poled composites are annealed at 125 °C. It is proposed that the charges stemming from ZnO can be orderly distributed to form a local field, which can keep the poling state of BNT, thus suppress the depolarization, even after the external poling filed is removed. These results may pave the way for applications of BNT-based piezoceramics and significantly improve our understanding of the depolarization mechanism by optimizing the performance of lead-free piezoelectrics.
Structural basis of a Ni acquisition cycle for [NiFe] hydrogenase by Ni-metallochaperone HypA and its enhancer
Authors: Watanabe Satoshi , Kawashima Takumi , Nishitani Yuichi , Kanai Tamotsu , Wada Takehiko , Inaba Kenji , Atomi Haruyuki , Imanaka Tadayuki , Miki Kunio
Published: June 2015

Significance

The metal ions in proteins are correctly incorporated by specific metallochaperones. However, it remains unclear how metallochaperones regulate their metal binding affinity during acquisition of correct metal ions and deliver them to target proteins. In this study, we have determined the crystal structures of a transient complex between a Ni metallochaperone HypA and its partner ATPase protein HypB
AT
, which incorporate a Ni ion into [NiFe] hydrogenase. The structures reveal that HypB
AT
induces conformational change of HypA through complex formation, leading to formation of a Ni binding site. Consequently, the Ni-binding affinity of HypA is increased from micromolar to nanomolar range (by ∼600-fold). These results indicate that HypB
AT
functions as a metallochaperone enhancer, which regulates metal binding affinity of metallochaperones.