bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Programme d’activité physique et troubles graves de santé mentale : étude de cas d’une équipe communautaire de traitement intensif (ÉCTI)
Authors: Guerin Eva , Dupuis Jean-Pierre , Jacob Jean Daniel , Prud’homme Denis
Published: November 2019

Contexte : l’activité physique, dans le cadre d’une intervention de soins, a le potentiel d’améliorer la qualité de vie des personnes aux prises avec des troubles de santé mentale graves (TSMG). Objectifs : le but de cette étude de cas était d’analyser en profondeur un programme d’activité physique individualisé pour une clientèle aux prises avec des TSMG qui a été mis en œuvre par les intervenants d’une Équipe Communautaire de Traitement Intensif à Ottawa, Canada. Méthode : par l’entremise de méthodes mixtes, des paramètres physiques ont été mesurés pendant 9 mois et des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été faites auprès de 14 clients et cinq intervenants. Résultats : les résultats ont démontré une réduction de poids significative et des effets positifs au niveau de l’estime de soi, de l’autonomie et de la socialisation. La qualité de la relation thérapeutique, l’élimination des barrières et un engagement continu de la part des intervenants figuraient parmi les caractéristiques clés du succès de ce programme. Discussion/conclusion : ces résultats prometteurs démontrent la faisabilité de ce type d’intervention auprès d’une clientèle aux prises avec des TSMG dans le cadre d’une approche de soins pour améliorer la qualité de vie et faciliter le rétablissement et l’intégration sociale.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC016 modulates the apoptotic pathways in rat livers treated with aflatoxin B1
Authors: Cristofolini A. , Merkis C. , Fiorimanti M. , Magnoli A. , Caverzan M. , Cavaglieri L.
Published: November 2019

The aim was to study the effect of probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC016 on the expression of apoptotic protein Bax, Bcl-2, DR4 and c-FLIP, in liver of rats exposed to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Four treatments were applied to inbred male Wistar rats: uncontaminated feed control, S. cerevisiae RC016 control, contaminated feed with 100 μg/kg AFB1 and contaminated feed with 100 μg/kg AFB1 + daily oral dose 108 viable S. cerevisiae RC016 cells. Histological technique and high-resolution light microscopy (HRLM) were performed to the study of tissue morphology, the TUNEL assay was used to determine the apoptosis cellular and the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, DR4 and c-FLIP was determinate through immunohistochemistry. In liver the necrotic lesions observed with AFB1 treatment were reduced with the addition of yeast. The highest apoptotic index (IAp) was found in the yeast control, with AFB1 decrease significantly the IAp, while with the addition of yeast increase the IAp of liver cells. This was confirmed by HRLM. DR4 receptor was not present in any of the treatments. The immunolabeling of c-FLIP showed a statistically significant increase in the treatments with S. cerevisiae. The extrinsic pathway of apoptosis through the FAS-receptors would neither be active in the apoptotic process observed in rat livers in the treatments with yeast. Significant differences between proteins Bax and Bcl-2 and effect of treatments on the immunolabeling of Bax were determinate. The exposure to AFB1 decreased the IAp in the livers; while the addition of the yeast produced a significant statistically increase of IAp. In this study it was determined that the apoptosis in liver would be induced by the intrinsic pathway through Bax. These suggest that the incorporation of the autocrine strain S. cerevisiae RC016 increases the apoptosis in liver, counteracting the adverse effect of aflatoxin B1 and favouring the tissue remodulation.
Occurrence ofFusarium mycotoxins and toxigenicFusarium species in freshly harvested rice in Jiangsu, China
Authors: Dong F. , Xing Y.J. , Lee Y.W. , Mokoena M.P. , Olaniran A.O. , Xu J.H. , Shi J.R.
Published: November 2019

In 2017, 236 rice samples were collected from 42 counties in Jiangsu province, China, and analysed forFusarium mycotoxins. Mycotoxin analyses showed that deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), nivalenol (NIV), fusarenone X (FUS-X), zearalenone (ZEA), fumonisins (including FB1, FB2, and FB3), and beauvericin (BEA) were present in unhusked rice samples. Regional differences in mycotoxin contamination of unhusked rice were attributed to differences in precipitation during rice anthesis and agricultural practices among the three study regions. Importantly, the mean concentrations of DON, NIV, ZEA, and fumonisins in white rice were significantly lower than those in unhusked rice, and the relative proportion of the toxins in rice by-products exceeded 84%.Fusarium isolates were then obtained from the unhusked rice samples;Fusarium asiaticum was the most common, followed byFusarium fujikuroi, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium verticillioides, andFusarium commune. Genotype and chemical analyses of mycotoxins showed that mostF. asiaticum isolates (71%) were 3-ADON chemotypes; the remainder were NIV producers. All of theF. proliferatum andF. verticillioides isolates, and most of theF. fujikuroi isolates produce fumonisins, and most of the three species coproduced BEA. The present study is the first to evaluateFusarium mycotoxins and toxigenicFusarium species from rice freshly harvested in Jiangsu province, China. The results of this study improve our understanding the population dynamics ofFusarium species in rice and the development of effective control measures.
Inhibitory effect ofEnterobacter cloacae 3J1EC onAspergillus flavus 3.4408 growth and aflatoxin production
Authors: Dong X. , Zhang Q. , Zhang Z. , Yue X. , Zhang L. , Chen X. , Zhang W. , Chen L. , Li P.
Published: November 2019

Aspergillus flavus can easily infect major agricultural products and produce aflatoxin. In this study, we investigated the effect of the biocontrol bacteriumEnterobacter cloacae 3J1EC on the growth ofA. flavus strain 3.4408. The biocontrol bacterium played a key role in preventing infection byA. flavus. E. cloacae 3J1EC was found to inhibit the growth ofA. flavus 3.4408 mycelial pellets and reduce the production of aflatoxin by 96.9%. We found differential expression between the control and the treatment groups in the transcriptome ofA. flavus 3.4408. Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated thatE. cloacae 3J1EC induced the down-regulated expression of cellular component and molecular function, while its effects on the up-regulated expression indicated the relationship of biological process and molecular function. Thus, these results suggest thatE. cloacae 3J1EC decreased aflatoxin production via down-regulated gene expression in terms of aflatoxin biosynthesis. In summary,E. cloacae 3J1EC can be employed as an alternative for the biological control ofA. flavus 3.4408.
IN-VITRO AND IN-VIVO STUDIES OF THE POSSIBLE CHEMOPREVENTIVE FUNCTIONS OF SOYBEAN ISOFLAVONE AND FLAVONOIDS ON BREAST CANCER
Authors: Lin Shoei-Loong , Lin Ming-Tse , Chen Mei-Yan , Leung Ting-Kai
Published: November 2019

Objectives: In this study, we assess the possible influence of soybean isoflavone (genistein) and other flavonoids (quercetin and catechin) on breast cancer chemoprevention. We design in-vitro and in-vivo experiments to analyze the effect of genistein, quercetin and catechin on cell proliferation, cell migration, and angiogenesis of breast cancer cells.

Methods: In cell proliferation experiment, MCF-7 cells, SKBR-3 cells, and HUVEC cells were treated with genistein and other flavonoids (catechin and/or quercetin) for 48[Formula: see text]h to assess the influence on cell growth of normal and breast cancer cells. In cell motility test, we analyze the effect of isoflavone and flavonoids on migration ability of MCF-7 cells by 16[Formula: see text]h and SKBR-3 cells by 24[Formula: see text]h in two different concentrations (1.25[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/ml and 2.5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/ml). In the in-vivo experiment, SKBR-3 cells mixed with PBS and catechin, respectively, were injected subcutaneously into nude mice, then we investigated the effect of catechin on cell growth by observing subcutaneous tumor size changes after 15 days.

Results: The results suggest that genistein and quercetin can significantly inhibit proliferation of breast cancer cells, and their inhibitory effects are independent of estrogen receptor. In cell motility tests, all of the three phytochemicals were effective in the inhibition of cell migration on two breast cancer cell lines, except for quercetin on cell migration of SKBR-3 cell line. In the in-vitro experiment, catechin showed stimulatory effect on cell proliferation of HUVEC cell line, which may consider positive effect on angiogenesis, rather than inhibitory effect. However, in the in-vivo experiment, it showed no significant change in tumor size between the groups of with and without catechin treatment.

Conclusions: According to our study, the results suggest that isoflavone and flavonoids tend to inhibit cell growth and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Our in-vivo experiment does not reach a significant result, and it may be due to lower catechin concentration. Under in-vivo environment, we should also consider the possible metabolic forms of catechin that cause different result from the in-vitro study.
Effect of a C1s Inhibitor on the Efficacy of Anti-Capsular Antibodies against Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Lewis Lisa A , Panicker Sandip , DeOliveira Rosane B , Parry Graham C , Ram Sanjay
Published: November 2019

Terminal complement pathway inhibition at the level of C5 alleviates symptoms of several diseases associated with complement overactivation. However, C5 blockade is associated with an increased risk of invasive meningococcal disease despite immunization. Targeting specific complement pathways proximal to C5 provides the theoretical advantage of leaving the other pathways (including the terminal pathway) intact for immune surveillance. We aimed to address the risk of Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae infections when inhibiting the classical pathway (CP) using a specific C1s inhibitor (TNT005). Addition of TNT005 to 20% normal human serum that contained anti-meningococcal capsular Ab decreased C4 deposition 8-fold and abrogated killing of N. meningitidis, despite leaving C3 deposition intact. TNT005 impaired killing of N. meningitidis in 78% nonimmune human plasma and 78% whole blood but permitted killing in both when specific anti-capsular Ab was added. Simultaneously inhibiting both the CP and alternative pathway (AP) blocked killing of Ab-coated N. meningitidis in whole blood. Blocking the AP alone abrogated C3 deposition, whereas TNT005 only partially inhibited (∼40% decrease) C3 deposition on S. pneumoniae coated with anti-capsular Ab. Blocking either the CP or AP alone did not impair killing of pneumococci in whole blood containing specific Ab (<10% survival at 3 h); however, blocking both pathways resulted in ∼35% bacterial survival. These data suggest that killing of N. meningitidis or S. pneumoniae in whole blood containing specific anti-capsular Abs is unimpeded by TNT005. Meningococcal and pneumococcal capsular conjugate vaccines may mitigate risk of these infections in patients receiving C1s inhibitors.
Decisional Issues in Antibiotic Prescribing in French Nursing Homes: An Ethnographic Study
Authors: Chaaban Taghrid , Ahouah Mathieu , Lombrail Pierre , Febvre Héléne Le , Mourad Adnan , Morvillers Jean-Manuel , Rothan-Tondeur Monique
Published: November 2019

Background

Medication prescription is generally the responsibility of doctors. In nursing homes, the nursing staff is often the first to suspect an infection. Today, physicians are more confident with nursing assessment, relying primarily on nursing staff information. Very few studies have investigated the nurses’ influence on decision of medical prescription. This study investigates the role of nurses in antibiotic prescribing for the treatment of suspected infections in nursing home residents.

Design and methods

An ethnographic study based on semi-structured interviews and participant observations was conducted. Sixteen nurses and five doctors working in five nursing homes in Paris, France participated between October 2015 and January 2016.

Results

Given their proximity to elderly residents, registered nurses at the nursing homes occasionally assisted doctors in their medical diagnostic. However, nurses who are theoretically incompetent have met difficulties in their ability to participate in their decisions to prescribe antibiotics when managing residents’ infections.

Conclusion

if proximity and nursing skills reinforce the relevance of the clinical judgment of nurses, the effective and collaborative communication between the nurse and the doctor may help the nurse to enhance their role in the antibiotic prescribing in nursing homes, which would enhance antimicrobial stewardship efficiency.
Learning autonomy, digital learners and Google Education: a rhizomatic English syllabus framework
Authors: Kara Samia
Published: November 2019

Exploiting the free technology empowering services with which Google supplies the educational field, the present paper contributes a Google Education mediated syllabus framework to the field of teaching English as a second/ foreign language. Through a systems approach methodology, the framework addressed the concepts of ‘learner autonomy’ and ‘digital learners’ within the scope of its consecutive blocks: conceptualisation, planning and development. The relevance of this effort is to be seen in terms of bridging the ever-growing gap between the classroom and the digital world of web 2.0 learners; as well as enabling the teachers to contextualise the proposed tool with regard to their syllabi development, renewal and adaptation. 
Is South Asia Ready for Take Off?
Authors: Goretti Manuela , Kihara Daisaku , Salgado Ranil
Published: November 2019

Since the mid-1980s, durable reforms coupled with prudent macroeconomic management have brought steady progress to the South Asia region, making it one of the world’s fastest growing regions. Real GDP growth has steadily increased from an average of about 3 percent in the 1970s to 7 percent over the last decade. Although growth trajectories varied across countries, reforms supported strong per capita income growth in the region, lifting over 200 million people out of poverty in the last three decades. Today, South Asia accounts for one-fifth of the world’s population and, thanks to India’s increasing performance, contributes to over 15 percent of global growth.
Looking ahead, the authors find that South Asia is poised to play an even bigger role in the global economy, in both relative and absolute terms. India has overtaken China as the fastest growing large economy and South Asia’s contribution to global growth is set to increase, while more mature economies decelerate. Greater economic diversification, with an expansion of the service sector, improvements in education, and a still sizable demographic dividend are among the key elements underpinning this performance.
Based on demographic trends, more than 150 million people in the region are expected to enter the labor market by 2030. This young and large workforce can be South Asia’s strength, if supported by a successful high-quality and job-rich growth strategy. Amid a changing global economic landscape, the authors argue that South Asia will need to leverage on all sectors of the economy in a balanced way, supporting improvements in agricultural productivity and a sustainable expansion of manufacturing, while promoting higher-skill services, to achieve this goal.
Regional Economic Outlook, October 2019, Middle East and Central Asia
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Published: November 2019

Growth in the near term remains subdued for
oil exporters in the Middle East, North Africa,
Afghanistan, and Pakistan (MENAP) region, amid
volatile oil prices, precarious global growth, elevated
fiscal vulnerabilities, and heightened geopolitical
tensions. In addition, declining productivity is
dampening medium-term growth prospects. To
reduce dependence on oil prices and pave the way for
more sustainable growth, fiscal consolidation needs
to resume, underpinned by improved medium-term
fiscal frameworks. In parallel, structural reforms
and further financial sector development would
boost foreign direct investment (FDI) and domestic
private investment and foster diversification,
thus contributing to improved productivity and
potential growth.
Relation of inmates’ entitlement to identification with criminal groups, narcissism and readiness for self-improvement
Authors: Piotrowski Andrzej
Published: November 2019

Background

Inmates often show narcissistic and entitlement attitudes, as expressed in their numerous unjustified com-plaints and lawsuits concerning the conditions of imprisonment. The aim of the study was to examine the rela-tionship between entitlement, criminal social identity, narcissism and readiness for self-improvement in a group of inmates. The study also attempted to create a psychological profile of prisoners with different levels of entitlement.

Participants and procedure

The study included 87 prisoners (M = 32.10, SD = 8.49) aged 20-57 years. The Measure of Criminal Social Identity, Readiness for Self-Improvement Questionnaire, Entitlement Questionnaire, and Narcissistic Admira-tion and Rivalry Questionnaire were used in the study.

Results

The results of the analyses indicate that entitlement in the study group is high. Active entitlement is positively associated with readiness to improve oneself, readiness to take care of one’s health and admiration. Passive entitlement is negatively associated with cognitive centrality, in-group affect, and narcissism, and negatively associated with readiness to improve oneself and readiness to take care of one’s health. Revenge entitlement is positively associated with criminal social identity, narcissism and rivalry. Inmates with a high and low level of entitlement are differentiated by psychological and demographic variables.

Conclusions

When searching for factors determining the entitlement in a group of inmates, their personality and demo-graphic variables should be taken into account.
Assessment of vocal fold mobility using dynamic magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound in healthy volunteers
Authors: Derlatka-Kochel Magdalena , Kumoniewski Pawel , Majos Marcin , Ludwisiak Kamil , Pomorski Lech , Majos Agata
Published: November 2019

Purpose

To verify the value of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences, fast field echo (FFE), and balanced gradient echo (true fast imaging with steady-state free precession – TRUFI) in the evaluation of vocal fold mobility in healthy volunteers, against ultrasound examination (US) as the reference test.

Material and methods

Vocal fold mobility in 35 healthy volunteers (age 20-59 years, 20 women and 15 men) with no history of laryngeal disorders and neck surgeries was determined by means of US and MRI during normal breathing and phonation of the “hiiii” sound. US images were used to determine the glottic angles. During MRI two dynamic sequences, fast field echo and balanced gradient echo, were applied to determine the minimum and maximum values of the glottic angles, along with the rima glottidis area, separately for the right and left compartments. Due to differences in larynx anatomy, the abovementioned parameters were analysed separately for women and men.

Results

No significant differences were observed between the glottic angle values obtained during US and dynamic MRI (FFE and TRUFI sequences). Regardless of the dynamic MRI sequence used, a positive correlation was found between the maximum values of glottic angle and the rima glottidis area. This correlation was strong and statistically significant among men, but not in women.

Conclusions

Dynamic MRI of vocal folds using FFE and TRUFI sequence is an accurate method for the objective evaluation of rima glottidis width.
Correlation of quantitative and qualitative parameters of high-resolution computed tomography with pulmonary function test for diagnosing and assessing the severity of obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Vimala Leena Robinson , Gibikote Sridhar , Irodi Aparna , Rajan Manju , Christopher Devasahayam J.
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in the prediction of presence and severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), based on the pulmonary function test (PFT), to correlate the various quantitative and qualitative indices of COPD in HRCT with PFT values, and to derive at the threshold values for various quantitative HRCT indices of COPD.

Material and methods

A one-year retrospective and prospective evaluation of the HRCTs of 90 cases and 38 controls was performed. Quantitative and qualitative parameters of COPD were assessed in HRCT and were correlated with PFT.

Results

Among the qualitative parameters, significant correlation with spirometry was found with the qualitative scoring for emphysema and presence and inhomogeneous attenuation. Among the quantitative indices, anterior junction line length, thoracic cage ratio at both aortic arch and inferior pulmonary vein level, thoracic cross-sectional area/[height]² at the aortic arch were found to have good correlation with spirometry. There was significant strong correlation of anterior junction line length and tracheal index with residual volume/total lung capacity (RV/TLC). The threshold values of chest X-ray and HRCT quantitative parameters were calculated and were found to be lower than those of the western population.

Conclusion

HRCT has a definite role in the diagnosis of COPD and can be used to predict the severity of emphysema.
Multislice computed tomography evaluation of primary abdominal fat necrosis: a rare cause of acute abdominal pain
Authors: Kamr Wael H. , Taman Saher E. , Tawfik Ahmed I.
Published: November 2019

Purpose

Abdominal fat necrosis is a rare cause of abdominal acute pain, classified into primary or secondary according to the cause. Primary fat necrosis includes epiploic appendagitis or idiopathic infarction of the greater omentum. This retrospective study focuses on multislice computed tomography (MSCT) findings and diagnosis of primary abdominal fat necrosis as a cause of acute abdomen.

Material and methods

This was a retrospective study with 20 patients included, presented to emergency room with acute abdominal pain diagnosed as primary fat necrosis. Retrospective evaluation was made of the patients’ clinical data, presentation, CT studies done at the acute stage, and their primary and final diagnosis.

Results

Twenty patients (eight male and 12 female, mean age 45 years, age range 20-70 years) diagnosed with abdominal fat necrosis (primary omental infarct) on CT imaging between October 2014 and June 2018 were evaluated. Clinically, five patients were suspected to be cholecystitis¸ eight patients as appendicitis, and four patients as diverticulitis. In addition, three patients had renal colic and were suspected to have ureteric stones; they showed suspected areas of abnormal fat density in non-contrast CT of the urinary tract. Idiopathic omental infarctions were detected in 13 patients on CT; all were on the right side. Laparoscopic excision was done for all. The other seven patients had epiploic appendagitis, seen on the left side, treated with conservative management.

Conclusions

Primary fat necrosis, although rare, can be presented as acute abdomen. MSCT is the main diagnostic tool for diagnosis of omental infraction and differentiation between other causes of acute abdomen.
What controls the formation of nocturnal low-level stratus clouds over southern West Africa during the monsoon season?
Authors: Babić Karmen , Kalthoff Norbert , Adler Bianca , Quinting Julian F. , Lohou Fabienne , Dione Cheikh , Lothon Marie
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Nocturnal low-level stratus clouds (LLCs) are frequently observed in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) over
southern West Africa (SWA) during the summer monsoon season. Considering the effect these clouds have on the surface energy and
radiation budgets as well as on the diurnal cycle of the ABL, they are undoubtedly important for the regional climate.
However, an adequate representation of LLCs in the state-of-the-art weather and climate models is still a challenge,
which is largely due to the lack of high-quality observations in this region
and gaps in understanding of underlying processes.
In several recent studies, a unique and comprehensive data set collected in summer 2016 during the DACCIWA
(Dynamics-aerosol-chemistry-cloud interactions in West Africa) ground-based field campaign
was used for the first observational analyses of the parameters and physical processes relevant for the LLC formation
over SWA. However, occasionally stratus-free nights occur during the monsoon season as well.
Using observations and ERA5 reanalysis, we investigate differences in the boundary-layer conditions during 6 stratus-free and
20 stratus nights observed during the DACCIWA campaign.
Our results suggest that the interplay between three major mechanisms is crucial for the formation of LLCs
during the monsoon season: (i) the onset time and strength of the nocturnal low-level jet
(NLLJ), (ii) horizontal cold-air advection, and (iii) background moisture level. Namely, weaker or
later onset of NLLJ leads to a reduced contribution from horizontal cold-air advection. This in turn results in weaker
cooling, and thus saturation is not reached.
Such deviation in the dynamics of the NLLJ is related to the arrival of a cold air mass propagating northwards from the coast,
called Gulf of Guinea maritime inflow.
Additionally, stratus-free nights occur when the intrusions of dry air masses, originating from, for example, central or south Africa,
reduce the background moisture over large parts of SWA.
Backward-trajectory analysis suggests that another possible reason for clear nights is descending air, which originated
from drier levels above the marine boundary layer.
Automatic detection of the Earth Bow Shock and Magnetopause from in-situ data with machine learning
Authors: Nguyen Gautier , Aunai Nicolas , Michotte de Welle Bayane , Jeandet Alexis , Fontaine Dominique
Published: November 2019

Abstract. We provide an automatic classification method of the three near-Earth regions, the magnetosphere, the magnetosheath and the solar wind in the streaming in-situ data measurement that outperforms the previous methods of automatic region classification. The method was used to identify 14186 magnetopause crossings and 16192 bow shock crossings in the data of 10 different spacecrafts of the THEMIS, ARTEMIS, Cluster and Double Star missions and for a total of 79 cumulated years. These multi-missions catalogs are non ambiguous and can be automatically enlarged with the increasing quantity of data and their elaboration paves the way for additional massive statistical analysis of the two near-Earth boundaries. The development of these algorithms is a promising step towards their usage for the onboard selection of data of interest.
Controls on redox-sensitive trace metals in the Mauritanian oxygen minimum zone
Authors: Rapp Insa , Schlosser Christian , Menzel Barraqueta Jan-Lukas , Wenzel Bernhard , Lüdke Jan , Scholten Jan , Gasser Beat , Reichert Patrick , Gledhill Martha , Dengler Marcus , Achterberg Eric P.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The availability of the micronutrient iron (Fe) in surface waters determines
primary production, N2 fixation, and microbial community structure in
large parts of the world's ocean, and thus it plays an important
role in ocean carbon and nitrogen cycles. Eastern boundary upwelling systems
and the connected oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) are typically associated with
elevated concentrations of redox-sensitive trace metals (e.g., Fe, manganese
(Mn), and cobalt (Co)), with shelf sediments typically forming a key source.
Over the last 5 decades, an expansion and intensification of OMZs has
been observed and this trend is likely to proceed. However, it is unclear
how trace-metal (TM) distributions and transport are influenced by
decreasing oxygen (O2) concentrations. Here we present dissolved (d;
<0.2 µm) and leachable particulate (Lp; >0.2 µm) TM data collected at seven stations along a 50 km transect in the
Mauritanian shelf region. We observed enhanced concentrations of Fe, Co, and
Mn corresponding with low O2 concentrations (<50 µmol kg−1), which were decoupled from major nutrients and nutrient-like and
scavenged TMs (cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu)).
Additionally, data from repeated station occupations indicated a direct link
between dissolved and leachable particulate Fe, Co, Mn, and O2. An
observed dFe (dissolved iron) decrease from 10 to 5 nmol L−1 coincided with an O2
increase from 30 to 50 µmol kg−1 and with a concomitant decrease
in turbidity. The changes in Fe (Co and Mn) were likely driven by variations
in their release from sediment pore water, facilitated by lower O2
concentrations and longer residence time of the water mass on the shelf.
Variations in organic matter remineralization and lithogenic inputs
(atmospheric deposition or sediment resuspension; assessed using Al as
indicator for lithogenic inputs) only played a minor role in redox-sensitive
TM variability. Vertical dFe fluxes from O2-depleted subsurface-to-surface waters (0.08–13.5 µmol m−2 d−1) driven by
turbulent mixing and vertical advection were an order of magnitude larger
than atmospheric deposition fluxes (0.63–1.43 µmol m−2 d−1; estimated using dAl inventories in the surface mixed layer) in the
continental slope and shelf region. Benthic fluxes are therefore the
dominant dFe supply to surface waters on the continental margins of the
Mauritanian upwelling region. Overall, our results indicated that the
projected future decrease in O2 concentrations in OMZs may result in
increases in Fe, Mn, and Co concentrations.
Measuring frequently during peak soil N2O emissions is more important than choosing the time of day to sample
Authors: Francis Clar Jordi T. , Anex Robert P.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Manual gas sampling from static soil chambers is commonly used to measure the flux of nitrous oxide (N2O) from soil. Because manual sampling is labour intensive, sampling frequencies are often insufficient to fully capture daily variability of N2O soil flux, which compromises the accuracy of estimates of daily and cumulative emissions. Knowledge of the diurnal fluctuation of N2O flux has been used to choose a flux sampling time that maximizes the accuracy of N2O flux estimates and thereby reduces the required frequency of flux measurements, but results of previous studies have been inconsistent. We analysed N2O soils emissions measured quasi-continuously over three years from a highly fertilized (> 200 kg N ha−1) maize system grown in southern Wisconsin, USA. This is the first study of N2O flux temporal variability that includes multiple difficult-to-measure peak emission events (hot moments) and estimates the relative contribution of hot moments to cumulative emissions. Analysis of diurnal fluctuation in N2O flux was performed using all measured data (≈ 22 000 fluxes) as well as using subsets of the data grouped by flux magnitude. The relationship between the observed hourly average flux and the mean daily flux was assessed using linear regression. Results show that diurnal variation in N2O soil flux was closely associated with normalized flux size. During low emission periods, N2O soil fluxes exhibited a diurnal pattern such that N2O flux measured at particular times of day, Preferred Measuring Times (PMTs), were not significantly different from the mean daily flux. During high emissions periods N2O flux did not exhibit a diurnal pattern and there was no PMT. High emissions periods included difficult-to-measure hot moments that did not exhibit a PMT and contributed up to 50 % of the cumulative emissions. We conclude that in order to accurately measure soil N2O flux in this type of system, it is necessary to sample frequently, particularly during peak flux events, and that constraining sampling to particular times of day provides little benefit.
Population dynamics of modern planktonic foraminifera in the western Barents Sea
Authors: Meilland Julie , Howa Hélène , Hulot Vivien , Demangel Isaline , Salaün Joëlle , Garlan Thierry
Published: November 2019

Abstract. This study reports on species diversity and distribution of planktonic foraminifera (PF) at the Barents Sea Opening (BSO). PF populations living in late summer (collected by mean of stratified plankton tows) and recently settled individuals (sampled by interface corer) were studied and compared. High abundances reaching up to 400 ind.m−3 in tow samples and 8000 ind.cm−3 in surface sediments were recorded in the centre of the studied area while low abundances were observed in coastal areas, likely hampered by continental influences. The living and subfossil (i.e. core-top) assemblages are mainly composed of the four same species Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, Neogloboquadrina incompta, Turborotalita quinqueloba and Globigerinita uvula. The two species G. uvula and T. quinqueloba largely dominate the upper water column whereas surface sediment assemblages display especially high concentrations of N. pachyderma. The unusual dominance of G. uvula in the water sample assemblages compared to its low occurrence in surface sediments might be the signature of (1) a seasonal signal due to summer phytoplankton composition changes at the BSO, linked to the increase of summer temperature at the study site, and/or (2) a signal of a larger time-scale and wide geographical reach phenomenon inducing poleward temperate/subpolar species migration and consecutive foraminiferal assemblage diversification at high latitudes under global climate forcing. Protein concentrations were measured on single specimens and used as a proxy of individual carbon biomass. Specimens of all species show the same trend, i.e. a northward decrease of their size-normalized-protein concentration suggesting foraminiferal biomass to be potentially controlled by different constituents of their organelles (e.g. lipids). The originality of coupling data from plankton tows, protein measurements and surface sediments allows us to hypothesise that PF dynamics (seasonality and distribution) is decoupled from their metabolism.
Short communication: Significance assessment of historical surfacic
planform changes of mid-sized rivers: A Monte-Carlo based
approach
Authors: Jautzy Timothée , Herrault Pierre-Alexis , Chardon Valentin , Schmitt Laurent , Rixhon Gilles
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Remote-sensed data in the fluvial context are extensively used to document historical planform changes. However, geometric and delineation errors inherently associated with these data can result in poor or even misleading interpretation of measured changes, especially (rates of) channel lateral migration. It is thus fundamental to take a spatially-variable (SV) error affecting remote-sensed data into account. In the wake of recent key studies using this SV-error as a level of detection, we introduce a new framework to evaluate the significance of measured channel migration. Going beyond their linear metric (i.e. migration vectors between diachronic river centrelines), we assess this significance through the channel polygon method yielding a surfacic metric (i.e. quantification of eroded, deposited, or eroded/deposited surfaces). Our study area is an active wandering mid-sized river: the lower Bruche, a ∼ 20 m wide sub-tributary of the Rhine in eastern France. Within our four test sub-reaches, the active channel is digitised using diachronic orthophotos (1950; 1964) and the sub-reach specific SV-error affecting the data is interpolated with an Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) technique. A main novelty of our approach consists then in running Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations to randomly translate active channels and propagate geometric and delineation errors according to the SV-error. This eventually leads to the production of a Surface of Detection (SoD), which allows evaluating the significance of measured surfacic changes. Putting the SoD into practice in the lower Bruche shows that only 37 % of the total surfacic measured changes are significant. Our results suggest that (i) orthophotos are affected by a significant SV-error, (ii) the latter strongly affects the significance of measured changes and (iii) the significance is strongly dependent on the magnitude of surfacic changes. Taking the SV-error into account is strongly recommended, regardless of the remote-sensed data used (orthophotos or aerial photos), especially in the case of mid-sized rivers (
Groundwater–glacier meltwater interaction in proglacial aquifers
Authors: Ó Dochartaigh Brighid É. , MacDonald Alan M. , Black Andrew R. , Everest Jez , Wilson Paul , Darling W. George , Jones Lee , Raines Mike
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Groundwater plays a significant role in glacial hydrology and can buffer
changes to the timing and magnitude of flows in meltwater rivers. However,
proglacial aquifer characteristics or groundwater dynamics in glacial
catchments are rarely studied directly. We provide direct evidence of
proglacial groundwater storage, and quantify multi-year
groundwater–meltwater dynamics, through detailed aquifer characterisation
and intensive high-resolution monitoring of the proglacial system of a
rapidly retreating glacier, Virkisjökull, in south-eastern Iceland. Proglacial
unconsolidated glaciofluvial sediments comprise a highly permeable aquifer
(25–40 m d−1) in which groundwater flow in the shallowest 20–40 m
of the aquifer is equivalent to 4.5 % (2.6 %–5.8 %) of mean river flow,
and 9.7 % (5.8 %–12.3 %) of winter flow. Estimated annual groundwater
flow through the entire aquifer thickness is 10 % (4 %–22 %) the
magnitude of annual river flow. Groundwater in the aquifer is actively
recharged by glacier meltwater and local precipitation, both rainfall and
snowmelt, and strongly influenced by individual precipitation events. Local
precipitation represents the highest proportion of recharge across the
aquifer. However, significant glacial meltwater influence on groundwater
within the aquifer occurs in a 50–500 m river zone within which there are
complex groundwater–river exchanges. Stable isotopes, groundwater dynamics
and temperature data demonstrate active recharge from river losses,
especially in the summer melt season, with more than 25 % and often
>50 % of groundwater in the near-river aquifer zone sourced
from glacier meltwater. Proglacial aquifers such as these are common
globally, and future changes in glacier coverage and precipitation are
likely to increase the significance of groundwater storage within them. The
scale of proglacial groundwater flow and storage has important implications
for measuring meltwater flux, for predicting future river flows, and for
providing strategic water supplies in de-glaciating catchments.
Measure particulate matter by yourself: data-quality monitoring in a citizen science project
Authors: Benabbas Aboubakr , Geißelbrecht Martin , Nikol Gabriel Martin , Mahr Lukas , Nähr Daniel , Steuer Simon , Wiesemann Gabriele , Müller Thomas , Nicklas Daniela , Wieland Thomas
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The concern about air quality in urban areas and the impact of particulate matter (PM) on public health is turning into a big debate. A good solution to sensitize people to this issue is to involve them in the process of air quality monitoring. This paper presents contributions in the field of PM measurements using low-cost sensors. We show how a low-cost PM sensor can be extended to transfer data not only over Wi-Fi but also over the LoRa protocol. Then, we identify some of the correlations existing in the data through data analysis. Afterwards, we show how semantic technologies can help model and control sensor data quality in an increasing PM sensor network. We finally wrap up with a conclusion and plans for future work.
Generalization properties of feed-forward neural networks trained on Lorenz systems
Authors: Scher Sebastian , Messori Gabriele
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Neural networks are able to approximate chaotic dynamical systems when provided with training data that cover all relevant regions of the system's phase space. However, many practical applications diverge from this idealized scenario. Here, we investigate the ability of feed-forward neural networks to (1) learn
the behavior of dynamical systems from incomplete training data
and (2) learn the influence of an external forcing on the dynamics. Climate science is a real-world example where these questions may be relevant: it is concerned with a non-stationary chaotic system subject to external forcing and whose behavior is known only through comparatively short data series. Our analysis is performed on the Lorenz63 and Lorenz95 models. We show that for the Lorenz63 system, neural networks trained on data covering only part of the system's phase space struggle to make skillful short-term forecasts in the regions excluded from the training. Additionally, when making long series of consecutive forecasts, the networks struggle to reproduce trajectories exploring regions beyond those seen in the training data, except for cases where only small parts are left out during training. We find this is due to the neural network learning a localized mapping for each region of phase space in the training data rather than a global mapping. This manifests itself in that parts of the networks learn only particular parts of the phase space. In contrast, for the Lorenz95 system the networks succeed in generalizing to new parts of the phase space not seen in the training data. We also find that the networks are able to learn the influence of an external forcing, but only when given relatively large ranges of the forcing in the training. These results point to potential limitations of feed-forward neural networks in generalizing a system's behavior given limited initial information. Much attention must therefore be given to designing appropriate train-test splits for real-world applications.
Influence of reservoir geology on seismic response during decameter scale hydraulic stimulations in crystalline rock
Authors: Villiger Linus , Gischig Valentin Samuel , Doetsch Joseph , Krietsch Hannes , Dutler Nathan Oliver , Jalali Mohammadreza , Valley Benoît , Selvadurai Paul Antony , Mignan Arnaud , Plenkers Katrin , Giardini Domenico , Amann Florian , Wiemer Stefan
Published: November 2019

Abstract. We performed a series of 12 hydraulic stimulation experiments in a 20 × 20 × 20 m foliated, crystalline rock volume intersected by two distinct fault sets at the Grimsel Test Site, Switzerland. The goal of these experiments was to improve our understanding of stimulation processes associated with high-pressure fluid injection used for reservoir creation in enhanced or engineered geothermal systems. In the first six experiments, pre-existing fractures were stimulated to induce shear dilation and enhance permeability. Two types of shear zones were targeted for these hydroshearing experiments: i) ductile ones with intense foliation and ii) brittle-ductile ones associated with a fractured zone. The second series of six stimulations were performed in borehole intervals without natural fractures to initiate and propagate hydraulic fractures that connect the wellbore to the existing fracture network. The same injection protocol was used for all experiments within each stimulation series so that the differences observed will give insights into the effect of geology on the seismo-hydro-mechanical response rather than differences due to the injection protocols. Deformations and fluid pressure were monitored using a dense sensor network in boreholes surrounding the injection locations. Seismicity was recorded with sensitive in-situ acoustic emission sensors both in boreholes and at the tunnel walls. We observed high variability in the seismic response in terms of seismogenic indices, b-values, spatial and temporal evolution during both hydroshearing and hydrofracturing experiments, which we attribute to local geological heterogeneities. Seismicity was most pronounced for injections into the highly conductive brittle-ductile shear zones, while injectivity increase on these structures was only marginal. No significant differences between the seismic response of hydroshearing and hydrofracturing was identified, possibly because the hydrofractures interact with the same pre-existing fracture network that is reactivated during the hydroshearing experiments. Fault slip during the hydroshearing experiments was predominantly aseismic. The results of our hydraulic stimulations indicate that stimulation of short borehole intervals with limited fluid volumes (i.e., the concept of zonal insulation) may be an effective approach to limit induced seismic hazard if highly seismogenic structures can be avoided.
Correlation of core and downhole seismic velocities in high-pressure metamorphic rocks: A case study for the COSC-1 borehole, Sweden
Authors: Kästner Felix , Pierdominici Simona , Elger Judith , Zappone Alba , Kück Jochem , Berndt Christian
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Deeply rooted thrust zones are key features of tectonic processes and the evolution of mountain belts. Exhumed and deeply-eroded orogens like the Scandinavian Caledonides allow to study such systems from the surface. Previous seismic investigations of the Seve Nappe Complex have shown indications for a strong but discontinuous reflectivity of this thrust zone, which is only poorly understood. The correlation of seismic properties measured on borehole cores with surface seismic data constrains the origin of this reflectivity. In this study, we compare seismic velocities measured on cores to in situ velocities measured in the borehole. The core and downhole velocities deviate by up to 2 km/s. However, velocities of mafic rocks are generally in close agreement. Seismic anisotropy increases from about 5 to 26 % at depth, indicating a transition from gneissic to schistose foliation. We suggest that differences in the core and downhole velocities are most likely the result of microcracks mainly due to depressurization. Thus, seismic velocity can help to identify mafic rocks on different scales whereas the velocity signature of other lithologies is obscured in core-derived velocities. Metamorphic foliation on the other hand has a clear expression in seismic anisotropy. These results will aid in the evaluation of core-derived seismic properties of high-grade metamorphic rocks at the COSC-1 borehole and elsewhere. In particular, they show that core log seismic integration via synthetic seismograms requires wireline logging data in any but mafic lithologies.
Reflexiones acerca los segmentos medios en la sociedad colonial temprana de Córdoba del Tucumán (1573-1620)
Authors: Bixio Beatriz , González Navarro Constanza
Published: November 2019

A partir del abordaje del proceso de configuración de la sociedad colonial temprana de la ciudad de Córdoba (perteneciente a la gobernación del Tucumán, Virreinato del Perú) entre 1573 y hasta 1620, el presente trabajo se centra en reflexionar acerca del conjunto de pobladores que no formaron parte de la élite de poder local (constituida por los vecinos beneméritos) ni tampoco integraron los segmentos inferiores o subalternos (indios de encomienda, esclavos, españoles y mestizos pobres). Se trata de un conjunto amplio y heterogéneo de personas que ha sido hasta el momento poco estudiado para América, algunos de cuyos rasgos distintivos se propone discutir y analizar, teniendo en cuenta que manifiesta un creciente peso demográfico a lo largo del período colonial y un rol destacado en la consolidación de las ciudades coloniales. Las fuentes analizadas son diversas y fragmentarias, entre las que podemos mencionar escrituras públicas protocolizadas, actas capitulares y expedientes judiciales de los siglos XVI y XVII.