bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1H HR-MAS NMR-Based Metabolomics of Cancer Cells in Response to Treatment with the Diruthenium Trithiolato Complex [(p-MeC6H4iPr)2Ru2(SC6H4-p-But)3]+ (DiRu-1)
Authors: Primasová Hedvika , Paul Lydia E. H. , Diserens Gaëlle , Primasová Ester , Vermathen Peter , Vermathen Martina , Furrer Julien
Published: July 2019

The trithiolato bridged diruthenium complex DiRu-1 [(p-MeC6H4iPr)2Ru2(SC6H4-p-But)3]+ is highly cytotoxic against various cancer cell lines, but its exact mode of action remains unknown. The present 1H HR-MAS NMR-based metabolomic study was performed on ovarian cancer cell line A2780, on its cis-Pt resistant variant A2780cisR, and on the cell line HEK-293 treated with 0.03 µM and 0.015 µM of DiRu-1 corresponding to full and half IC50 doses, respectively, to investigate the mode of action of this ruthenium complex. The resulting changes in the metabolic profile of the cell lines were studied using HR-MAS NMR of cell lysates and a subsequent statistical analysis. We show that DiRu-1 in a 0.03 µM dose has significant impact on the levels of a number of metabolites, such as glutamine, glutamate, glutathione, cysteine, lipid, creatine, lactate, and acetate, especially pronounced in the A2780cisR cell line. The IC50/2 dose shows some significant changes, but full IC50 appears to be necessary to observe the full effect. Overall, the metabolic changes observed suggest that redox homeostasis, the Warburg effect, and the lipid metabolism are affected by DiRu-1.
Environmental and Business Challenges Presented by Mining and Mineral Processing Waste in the Russian Federation
Authors: Nevskaya Marina A. , Seleznev Sergey G. , Masloboev Vladimir A. , Klyuchnikova Elena M. , Makarov Dmitriy V.
Published: July 2019

Using Murmansk Region, one of Russia’s largest mining regions, as a case study, this paper examines the environmental safety challenges arising in the storage of mining and mineral processing waste (MMPW). It was found that MMPW causes environmental damage even after the deposit’s exhaustion. While being stored, the MMPW composition experiences a major change in the process properties of the recoverable minerals. As a consequence, the potential value of the MMPW as a mineral resource falls. Imperfections of the regulatory framework, leading to a higher unit cost of recovery and a reduced profitability of MMPW processing, are demonstrated. Potential amendments to the Russian laws are proposed in order to make MMPW processing commercially more viable.
Content of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of New Gluten-Free Pasta with the Addition of Chestnut Flour
Authors: Oniszczuk Anna , Widelska Gabriela , Wójtowicz Agnieszka , Oniszczuk Tomasz , Wojtunik-Kulesza Karolina , Dib Ahlem , Matwijczuk Arkadiusz
Published: July 2019

Chestnut fruit abounds in carbohydrates, proteins, unsaturated fatty acids, fiber, polyphenolic compounds, as well as vitamins and micronutrients, that are behind the health-promoting properties of this plant. The purpose of the discussed research was to obtain innovative gluten-free pasta from rice and field bean flour enriched with a various addition of chestnut flour. Regarding the studied pasta, the following were determined: the content of free phenolic acids, total polyphenols, and antioxidant properties. Chromatographic analysis (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS (high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry)) revealed a wide variety of phenolic acids. In a sample with 20% and higher content of chestnut flour, as many as 13 acids were detected. Isoferulic acid prevailed. The total content of free phenolic acids and total polyphenols increased along with the increasing chestnut content. Moreover, in most cases, the content of individual acids increased with the addition of chestnut flour. Besides, the antioxidant activity was positively correlated with the addition of chestnut fruit flour, the content of free phenolic acids, and total polyphenols. Our research has demonstrated that our innovative gluten-free pasta, with the addition of chestnut flour, has a potential to be a source of polyphenolic compounds, including free phenolic acids, that are valuable for human health.
Genome-Wide and Functional View of Proteolytic and Lipolytic Bacteria for Efficient Biogas Production through Enhanced Sewage Sludge Hydrolysis
Authors: Poszytek Krzysztof , Karczewska-Golec Joanna , Dziurzynski Mikolaj , Stepkowska-Kowalska Olga , Gorecki Adrian , Decewicz Przemyslaw , Dziewit Lukasz , Drewniak Lukasz
Published: July 2019

In this study, we used a multifaceted approach to select robust bioaugmentation candidates for enhancing biogas production and to demonstrate the usefulness of a genome-centric approach for strain selection for specific bioaugmentation purposes. We also investigated the influence of the isolation source of bacterial strains on their metabolic potential and their efficiency in enhancing anaerobic digestion. Whole genome sequencing, metabolic pathway reconstruction, and physiological analyses, including phenomics, of phylogenetically diverse strains, Rummeliibacillus sp. POC4, Ochrobactrum sp. POC9 (both isolated from sewage sludge) and Brevundimonas sp. LPMIX5 (isolated from an agricultural biogas plant) showed their diverse enzymatic activities, metabolic versatility and ability to survive under varied growth conditions. All tested strains display proteolytic, lipolytic, cellulolytic, amylolytic, and xylanolytic activities and are able to utilize a wide array of single carbon and energy sources, as well as more complex industrial by-products, such as dairy waste and molasses. The specific enzymatic activity expressed by the three strains studied was related to the type of substrate present in the original isolation source. Bioaugmentation with sewage sludge isolates–POC4 and POC9–was more effective for enhancing biogas production from sewage sludge (22% and 28%, respectively) than an approach based on LPMIX5 strain (biogas production boosted by 7%) that had been isolated from an agricultural biogas plant, where other type of substrate is used.
Preparation and Characterization of Self Nano-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System Loaded with Citraland Its Antiproliferative Effect on Colorectal Cells In Vitro
Authors: Mohd Izham Mira Nadiah , Hussin Yazmin , Aziz Muhammad Nazirul Mubin , Yeap Swee Keong , Rahman Heshu Sulaiman , Masarudin Mas Jaffri , Mohamad Nurul Elyani , Abdullah Rasedee , Alitheen Noorjahan Banu
Published: July 2019

Citral is an active compound naturally found in lemongrass, lemon, and lime. Although this pale-yellow liquid confers low water solubility, the compound has been reported to possess good therapeutic features including antiproliferative and anticancer modalities. The self nano-emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) is a type of liquid-lipid nanocarrier that is suitable for the loading of insolubilized oil-based compound such as Citral. This study reports the design and optimization of a SNEDDS formulation, synthesis and characterization as well as loading with Citral (CIT-SNEDDS). Further assessment of theantiproliferative effects of CIT-SNEDDS towards colorectal cancer cells was also conducted. SNEDDS composed of coconut oil, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and Tween 80. CIT-SNEDDS was prepared via gentle agitation of SNEDDS with 0.5% Citral for 72 h at room temperature. Physicochemical characterization was performed using several physicochemical analyses. The average particle size of CIT-SNEDDS was16.86 ± 0.15 nm, zeta potential of 0.58 ± 0.19 mV, and polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.23 ± 0.01. In vitro drug release of Citral from CIT-SNEDDS was 79.25% of release, and for Citral the release percentage was 93.56% over 72 h. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was done to determine the cytotoxicity effect of CIT-SNEDDS in human colorectal cancer cell lines HT29 and SW620. The half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for 72 hof CIT-SNEDDS and Citral on SW620 were 16.50 ± 0.87 µg/mL and 22.50 ± 2.50 µg/mL, respectively. The IC50 values of CIT-SNEDDS and Citral after 72 h of treatment on HT29 were 34.10 ± 0.30 µg/mL and 21.77 ± 0.23 µg/mL, respectively. This study strongly suggests that CIT-SNEDDS has permitted the sustained release of Citral and that CIT-SNEDDS constitutes a potential soluble drug nanocarrier that is effective against colorectal cancer cells.
Reply to “Utility of Unrefined Carbohydrates in Type 2 Diabetes. Comment on Reversing Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Review of the Evidence, Nutrients, 2019, 11, 766”
Authors: Hallberg Sarah J , Gershuni Victoria M , Hazbun Tamara L , Athinarayanan Shaminie J
Published: July 2019

We appreciate the interest and comments from Joshi et al [...]
Matching a Trope Ontology to the Basic Formal Ontology
Authors: de Rozario Richard
Published: July 2019

Applied ontology, at the foundational level, is as much philosophy as engineering and as such provides a different aspect of contemporary natural philosophy. A prominent foundational ontology in this field is the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO). It is important for lesser known ontologies, like the trope ontology of interest here, to match to BFO because BFO acts like the glue between many disparate ontologies. Moreover, such matchings provide philosophical insight into ontologies. As such, the core research question here is how we can match a trope ontology to BFO (which is based on universals) and what insights such a matching provides for foundational ontology. This article provides a logical matching, starting with BFO’s top entities (continuants and occurrences) and identifies key ontological issues that arise, such as whether universals and mereological sums are equivalent. This article concludes with general observations about the matching, including that matching to universals is generally straightforward, but not so much the matching between relations. In particular, the treatment of occurrences as causal chains is different in the trope ontology, compared to BFO’s use of time arguments.
Workflow for Data Analysis in Experimental and Computational Systems Biology: Using Python as ‘Glue’
Authors: Badenhorst Melinda , Barry Christopher J. , Swanepoel Christiaan J. , van Staden Charles Theo , Wissing Julian , Rohwer Johann M.
Published: July 2019

Bottom-up systems biology entails the construction of kinetic models of cellular pathways by collecting kinetic information on the pathway components (e.g., enzymes) and collating this into a kinetic model, based for example on ordinary differential equations. This requires integration and data transfer between a variety of tools, ranging from data acquisition in kinetics experiments, to fitting and parameter estimation, to model construction, evaluation and validation. Here, we present a workflow that uses the Python programming language, specifically the modules from the SciPy stack, to facilitate this task. Starting from raw kinetics data, acquired either from spectrophotometric assays with microtitre plates or from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy time-courses, we demonstrate the fitting and construction of a kinetic model using scientific Python tools. The analysis takes place in a Jupyter notebook, which keeps all information related to a particular experiment together in one place and thus serves as an e-labbook, enhancing reproducibility and traceability. The Python programming language serves as an ideal foundation for this framework because it is powerful yet relatively easy to learn for the non-programmer, has a large library of scientific routines and active user community, is open-source and extensible, and many computational systems biology software tools are written in Python or have a Python Application Programming Interface (API). Our workflow thus enables investigators to focus on the scientific problem at hand rather than worrying about data integration between disparate platforms.
Towards the Grand Unification of Process Design, Scheduling, and Control—Utopia or Reality?
Authors: Burnak Baris , Diangelakis Nikolaos A. , Pistikopoulos Efstratios N.
Published: July 2019

As a founder of the Process Systems Engineering (PSE) discipline, Professor Roger W.H. Sargent had set ambitious goals for a systematic new generation of a process design paradigm based on optimization techniques with the consideration of future uncertainties and operational decisions. In this paper, we present a historical perspective on the milestones in model-based design optimization techniques and the developed tools to solve the resulting complex problems. We examine the progress spanning more than five decades, from the early flexibility analysis and optimal process design under uncertainty to more recent developments on the simultaneous consideration of process design, scheduling, and control. This formidable target towards the grand unification poses unique challenges due to multiple time scales and conflicting objectives. Here, we review the recent progress and propose future research directions.
Optimization of Performance, Price, and Background of Long Neutron Guides for European Spallation Source
Authors: Holm-Dahlin Sonja , Olsen Martin Andreas , Bertelsen Mads , Birk Jonas Okkels , Lefmann Kim
Published: July 2019

We describe a systematic approach for the design of long, ballistic cold, and thermal neutron guides for the European Spallation Source (ESS). The guides investigated in this work are 170 m long and are required to have a narrowing point with room for a pulse shaping chopper placed 6 m from the moderator. In addition, most guides avoid line-of-sight from the moderator to the sample. The guides are optimized in order to find a reasonable trade-off between neutronics performance and construction price. The geometries simulated are closely related to the thermal-neutron multi-length-scale diffractometer HEIMDAL and the cold-neutron multi-analyser spectrometer BIFROST. For the cold-neutron guide an inexpensive solution was found that maintains good transport properties, while avoiding line-of-sight. However, for the thermal-neutron guide the losses when avoiding line-of-sight are large and it seems a good choice to stay in line-of-sight, even though this will increase both the shielding costs and fast-neutron background. The results are of general relevance for the understanding of the relation between transport, background, and price of long neutron guides.
When Liberalism Is Not Enough: Political Theology after Reinhold Niebuhr and Emmanuel Levinas
Authors: Simmons J. Aaron , Carnahan Kevin
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we are interested in extending out the dialectical models of religious ethics and political theology that Reinhold Niebuhr and Emmanuel Levinas began by enacting a conversation between these two theorists. We do this by presenting and critically comparing Niebuhr’s and Levinas’s thought as concerns three key issues in moral and political theory: (1) the nature of persons, (2) the source and content of the moral ideal of love and the political ideal of justice, and (3) the impossibility and yet continued practical relevance of ideals for social life. Ultimately, we conclude that they mutually offer reasons to find hope in the face of political cynicism.
Assessing the Impact of the Built-Up Environment on Nighttime Lights in China
Authors: Wang Cheng , Qin Haiming , Zhao Kaiguang , Dong Pinliang , Yang Xuebo , Zhou Guoqing , Xi Xiaohuan
Published: July 2019

Figuring out the effect of the built-up environment on artificial light at night is essential for better understanding nighttime luminosity in both socioeconomic and ecological perspectives. However, there are few studies linking artificial surface properties to nighttime light (NTL). This study uses a statistical method to investigate effects of construction region environments on nighttime brightness and its variation with building height and regional economic development level. First, we extracted footprint-level target heights from Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) waveform light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data. Then, we proposed a set of built-up environment properties, including building coverage, vegetation fraction, building height, and surface-area index, and then extracted these properties from GLAS-derived height, GlobeLand30 land-cover data, and DMSP/OLS radiance-calibrated NTL data. Next, the effects of non-building areas on NTL data were removed based on a supervised method. Finally, linear regression analyses were conducted to analyze the relationships between nighttime lights and built-up environment properties. Results showed that building coverage and vegetation fraction have weak correlations with nighttime lights (R2 < 0.2), building height has a moderate correlation with nighttime lights (R2 = 0.48), and surface-area index has a significant correlation with nighttime lights (R2 = 0.64). The results suggest that surface-area index is a more reasonable measure for estimating light number and intensity of NTL because it takes into account both building coverage and height, i.e., building surface area. Meanwhile, building height contributed to nighttime lights greater than building coverage. Further analysis showed the correlation between NTL and surface-area index becomes stronger with the increase of building height, while it is the weakest when the regional economic development level is the highest. In conclusion, these results can help us better understand the determinants of nighttime lights.
Aerobic Treatment of Waste Process Solutions from the Semiconductor Industry: From Lab to Pilot Scale
Authors: Ferella Francesco , Innocenzi Valentina , Zueva Svetlana , Corradini Valentina , Ippolito Nicolò M. , Birloaga Ionela P. , De Michelis Ida , Prisciandaro Marina , Vegliò Francesco
Published: July 2019

Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) is widely used as a solvent in the semiconductor industry. After the photo-impression process, it is necessary to remove the photoresist (PR) layer from the surface of the circuits; for this purpose, a TMAH solution is usually used. This chemical compound is highly toxic and corrosive and cannot be discharged into the environment. This study was carried out in collaboration with LFoundry (SMIC group), in order to prove the feasibility of biodegradation under aerobic conditions, using microorganisms coming from the LFoundry’s wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) at different operating conditions. The feed composition was modified in order to add a small but increasing amount of TMAH and PR. The aim was to verify if the increase of TMAH concentration was harmful to bacteria. The feed stream, containing TMAH and PR, was the only carbon source for the metabolism of the aerobic microorganisms. The results of this study demonstrated an effective biological degradation of TMAH and showed a total removal efficiency of more than 99.3%, with a final concentration of 7 mg/L. Moreover, the kinetic parameters of the Monod model were also calculated. The results obtained from the experimental campaign were used to design a pilot plant that will treat around 25 L/h of waste TMAH/PR solution.
Measuring Trust in Business Relations between Tourist Facilities on One Thematic Touristic Route
Authors: Szromek Adam R. , Naramski Mateusz
Published: July 2019

The aim of this article was to identify features and attributes of tourist facilities that affect trust among them and allows estimating the level of trust among any given site on a touristic route. The level of trust can be a key feature that affects the capability of tourist facilities to create and enter complex relations. It is also crucial for planning their future and sustainability. Therefore, measuring trust between tourist facilities plays a major role in the management of inter-organizational relations. The authors used statistical methods in order to identify features that influence the level of inter-organizational trust between these kinds of facilities. The analyzed data comes from research that was conducted in 2017 and describes 42 tourist facilities that operate within the Industrial Monuments Route (IMR)—a Polish route in the region of Silesia. A strong linear correlation was found between variables that described efficiency of communication and trust level. The Classification and Regression Trees (C&RTs) method was used to identify features of tourist facilities that determine the efficiency of communication among them. Afterwards, the obtained data was used to create a multiple regression model that allowed estimating the level of trust between any given site on the route, identifying at the same time that features like communication efficiency, proximity and some institutional similarities have the greatest impact among tourist sites with regard to inter-organizational trust.
Community Participation in and Perception of Community-Directed Treatment with Ivermectin in Kinshasa, DRC
Authors: Makenga Bof Jean-Claude , Mansiangi Paul , Nsangi Horlyne , Mafuta Éric , Aujoulat Isabelle , Coppieters Yves
Published: July 2019

The success of community-directed treatment with Ivermectin (CDTI) depends on active community participation. We conducted a case study nested in a cross-sectional study in the Binza Ozone Health Zone (ZS) in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, in order to investigate community’s knowledges and perceptions of onchocerciasis and on all CDTI’s aspects. We interviewed 106 people aged 20 and over, purposively selected, through eight individual interviews and 12 focus groups. Themes used for collecting data were drawn for the Health Belief Model and data were analyzed using a deductive thematic approach. The term onchocerciasis was unknown to participants who called it “Mbitiri”, the little black fly, in their local language. This disease is seen as curse put on the sufferer by a witch and perceived as a threat because of the “Mbitiri” bites. The afflicted participants were reluctant to seek treatment and preferred traditional practitioners or healers. CDTI is considered devastating because of adverse effects of ivermectin as well as inefficient after occurrence of deaths. This explains the low level of community adhesion and participation to this strategy. Recruitment procedures for community distributors are poorly understood and awareness and health education campaigns are either non-existent or rarely carried out. Nevertheless, the latter should be regularly done.
Towards the Generation of an ASFV-pA104R DISC Mutant and a Complementary Cell Line—A Potential Methodology for the Production of a Vaccine Candidate
Authors: Freitas Ferdinando B. , Simões Margarida , Frouco Gonçalo , Martins Carlos , Ferreira Fernando
Published: July 2019

African swine fever (ASF) is a fatal viral disease of domestic swine and wild boar, considered one of the main threats for global pig husbandry. Despite enormous efforts, to date, neither the classical vaccine formulations nor the use of protein subunits proved to be efficient to prevent this disease. Under this scenario, new strategies have been proposed including the development of disabled infectious single cycle (DISC) or replication-defective mutants as potential immunizing agents against the ASF virus (ASFV). In this study, we describe the methodology to generate an ASFV-DISC mutant by homologous recombination, lacking the A104R gene, which was replaced by the selection marker (GUS gene). The recombinant viruses were identified when the infected cells acquired a blue color in the presence of X-Gluc (100 µg/mL), which is the substrate for the GUS gene. Since these viral particles result from loss-of-function mutations, being unable to replicate, helper-cell lines expressing the viral pA104R protein were produced. Vero and COS-1 cell lines were transfected by different methods, both physical and chemical, in order to stably express the ASFV-pA104R. Best results were obtained by using Lipofectamine 2000 and Nucleofection methodology of Vero with the pIRESneo vector and by using Flp-FRT site-directed recombination technology system in Flp-In CV-1 cells (transformed COS-1 cells with a single integration site in a transcriptional active region). In order to ensure an efficient and stable integration of the viral ORF on the host cellular genome, the maintenance of the insert was verified by PCR and its expression by immunofluorescence and immunoblot analysis. Although the isolation of the recombinant virus was not achieved, the confirmation of ASFV-ΔA104R sequence, and the detection of the recombinant mutant through three passages, suggest that this approach is feasible and could be a potential strategy to generate safe and efficient DISC vaccine candidates.
Natural and Human-Induced Flow and Sediment Transport within Tidal Creek Networks Influenced by Ocean-Bay Tides
Authors: Zarzuelo Carmen , D’Alpaos Andrea , Carniello Luca , López-Ruiz Alejandro , Díez-Minguito Manuel , Ortega-Sánchez Miguel
Published: July 2019

Improving current understanding of hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics in complex tidal embayments is of major importance to face future challenges derived from climate change and increasing human pressure. This work deepens the knowledge of the hydro-morphodynamics of complex creek networks that connect basins with different characteristics, identifying their morphodynamic trends and the potential impacts of channel deepening. We selected two tidal creeks which flow through salt marshes and tidal flats of the Cádiz Bay (SW Spain) in a singular network due to their double connection to the Atlantic Ocean and the inner bay. We study the interactions between tidal waves that penetrate into the creeks from these two different bodies of water, analyzing the tidal asymmetry and the morphodynamic tendencies of the system. For the analysis, we set up a hydro-morphodynamic model specifically developed for areas with very shallow and complex channels. Results show that the tidal wave penetrates within the tidal network both from the inner Bay and the open ocean with different amplitudes, phases and flow velocities. There is also an asymmetric pattern for the tidal flows caused by the deformation of the dominant astronomical tidal constituents, M2 and M4, due to the non-linear interaction of tidal currents with the irregular creek geometry and bottom topography. Tidal asymmetry promotes the progressive infilling of the area where the tidal waves meet closing the connection between the open ocean and the inner bay, such an infilling trend being accelerated by human interventions.
Sources and Mechanisms of Low-Flow River Phosphorus Elevations: A Repeated Synoptic Survey Approach
Authors: Vero Sara E. , Daly Karen , McDonald Noeleen T. , Leach Simon , Sherriff Sophie C. , Mellander Per-Erik
Published: July 2019

High-resolution water quality monitoring indicates recurring elevation of stream phosphorus concentrations during low-flow periods. These increased concentrations may exceed Water Framework Directive (WFD) environmental quality standards during ecologically sensitive periods. The objective of this research was to identify source, mobilization, and pathway factors controlling in-stream total reactive phosphorus (TRP) concentrations during low-flow periods. Synoptic surveys were conducted in three agricultural catchments during spring, summer, and autumn. Up to 50 water samples were obtained across each watercourse per sampling round. Samples were analysed for TRP and total phosphorus (TP), along with supplementary parameters (temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and oxidation reduction potential). Bed sediment was analysed at a subset of locations for Mehlich P, Al, Ca, and Fe. The greatest percentages of water sampling points exceeding WFD threshold of 0.035 mg L−1 TRP occurred during summer (57%, 11%, and 71% for well-drained, well-drained arable, and poorly drained grassland catchments, respectively). These percentages declined during autumn but did not return to spring concentrations, as winter flushing had not yet occurred. Different controls were elucidated for each catchment: diffuse transport through groundwater and lack of dilution in the well-drained grassland, in-stream mobilization in the well-drained arable, and a combination of point sources and cumulative loading in the poorly drained grassland. Diversity in controlling factors necessitates investigative protocols beyond low-spatial and temporal resolution water sampling and must incorporate both repeated survey and complementary understanding of sediment chemistry and anthropogenic phosphorus sources. Despite similarities in elevation of P at low-flow, catchments will require custom solutions depending on their typology, and both legislative deadlines and target baselines standards must acknowledge these inherent differences.
Análisis de la cadena de suministro de cacao en el contexto de la Amazonia ecuatoriana.
Authors: Cañadas Salazar Irma Lucia , Sablón Cossío Neyfe
Published: July 2019

En la actualidad existen deficiencias en la disponibilidad de barras de cacao procedentes de la amazonia ecuatoriana en los mercados nacionales, por ello, se hace necesario mostrar una solución inmediata para la elevación de la producción, y disminuir las brechas en la logística que une la producción primaria con las redes comercializadoras, con la meta de ofrecer productos de alta calidad y presentes en los puntos de venta de esta región. Por tal motivo, el objetivo de este artículo es caracterizar la cadena de suministro de barras de cacao de la Amazonía ecuatoriana mediante la identificación de los actores y las deficiencias de este enfoque en el objeto estudio. Se utilizan entrevistas y se realiza el mapeo del objeto de estudio. Los resultados, se enmarcan en que existen cinco eslabones, nueve industrias, cuatro centros de acopio y chacras, en esto radica el aporte práctico de esta investigación.

 

Palabras clave: Comercio, integración económica, productos primarios, industrialización.

 

ABSTRACT

 

Urrently there are deficiencies in the availability of cocoa bars from the Ecuadorian Amazon in national markets, therefore, it is necessary to show an immediate solution to increase production, and reduce the gaps in logistics that links the production primary with the marketing networks, with the goal of offering high quality products and present in the points of sale of this region. For this reason, the objective of this article is to characterize the cacao bar supply chain of the ecuadorian Amazon by identifying the actors and the deficiencies of this approach in the study object. Interviews are used and the object of study is mapped. The results are framed in that there are five links, nine industries, four collection centers and farms, this is the practical contribution of this research.

 

Key words: Trade, economic integration, primary products, industrialization.
Application del enfoque y control de procesos en la reducción de la mortalidad de nauplios y postlarvas de camarón en un laboratorio de producción
Authors: Zambrano Mero Ramón Antonio , Real Pérez Grether Lucía , Quimis Reyes José Raúl , Hidalgo Avila Argelio Antonio
Published: July 2019

Las actividades realizadas en los laboratorios de producción de nauplios y poslarvas son el comienzo de la producción de camarón, donde el control de procesos es esencial para los resultados productivos deseados. La investigación se realizó en un laboratorio de producción la parroquia Canoa, provincia de Manabí, con el objetivo de establecer el control de procesos para incrementar los resultados productivos. Se aplica el método: Análisis de Peligros y Puntos Críticos de Control (APPCC). Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que existen factores que no han sido controlados: la temperatura del agua, la energía eléctrica, la presencia de hongos, bacterias, mohos que son PCC en el proceso; su control puede incrementar la supervivencia en un 20 % de la situación actual. El estudio económico en la propuesta realizada arroja un beneficio/costo de 1.97, una tasa de retorno de la inversión de menos de un año, considerándose aceptable el proyecto.

 

Palabras clave: Método APPCC, riesgo, producción, productividad, camarón

 

ABSTRACT

The activities carried out in the production laboratories of nauplii and postlarvae are the beginning of the production of shrimp, where the control of processes is essential for the desired productive results. The investigation was carried out in a production laboratory in the Canoa parish, province of Manabí, with the objective of establishing process control to increase the productive results. The method is applied: Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP). The results obtained show that there are factors that have not been controlled: the temperature of the water, the electrical energy, the presence of fungi, bacteria, molds that are PCC in the process; its control can increase survival by 20% of the current situation. The economic study in the proposal produced a benefit / cost of 1.97, a rate of return on investment of less than one year, considering the project acceptable.

 

Key words: HACCP method, risk, production, productivity, shrimp
Avaliação ex vivoda obliteração de túbulos dentinários humanos pelo uso comparativo de agentes dessensibilizantes convencionais e dessensibilizantes contendo biovidro
Authors: Fagundes Molise Rodrigues , Mockdeci Hanny Reis , Martins Isadora Conde Ferreira , Granato Ana Paula Alves , Raposo Nádia Rezende Barbosa , Chaves Maria das Graças Afonso Miranda
Published: July 2019

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a eficácia ex vivo de um dentifrício dessensibilizante contendo biovidro (Sensodyne®Repair&Protect, GlaxoSmithKline Brasil Ltd., Rio de Janeiro, Brasil), quanto ao potencial de obliteração dos túbulos dentinários e compará-lo com os dentifrícios convencionais (Colgate® Sensitive Pro-Alívio™, Colgate-Palmolive, São Paulo, SP, Brasil eSensodyne® Rápido Alívio, GlaxoSmithKline Brasil Ltd., Rio de Janeiro, Brasil). Foram utilizados 12 pré-molares humanos divididos em: G1 (n=4) - escovação com Colgate®Sensitive Pró-Alívio; G2 (n=4) - escovação com Sensodyne® Rápido Alívio; e G3 (n=4) - escovação com Sensodyne®Repair&Protect. As amostras foram submetidas à simulação de escovação de um período de oito semanas, com duas escovações diárias e analisadas em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), quanto à presença e características dos túbulos dentinários; a espectroscopia de raios-X por dispersão em energia (EDS), a fim de avaliar os elementos químicos presentes nos túbulos dentinários. A análise qualitativa da obliteração dos túbulos dentinários foi avaliada por meio das fotomicrografias. Para verificar a distribuição normal dos dados da EDS, utilizou-se o teste de Shapiro-Wilk (p<0,05). De acordo com a normalidade apresentada, foram executados teste t-Studentde amostras pareadas e teste de Wilcoxon. No grupo G1 foi verificada diminuição na luz dos túbulos dentinários, enquanto no G2, além da diminuição dos túbulos, nítida deposição de partículas obliteradoras foi observada. No G3, foi detectada não só a obliteração dos túbulos, mas também a diminuição na quantidade dos mesmos; além da formação de uma camada de hidroxidocarbonato de apatita (HCA)sobre a dentina. A análise conjunta dos dados permitiu concluir que os dentifrícios testados foram capazes de ocluir os túbulos dentinários e que o dentifrício Sensodyne®Repair&Protect apresentou melhor eficácia na obliteração dos túbulos dentinários, seguido respectivamente dos dentifrícios Sensodyne® Rápido Alívioe Colgate®Sensitive Pró-Alívio.
As representações sociais das pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS sobre o uso do antirretroviral Enfuvirtida
Authors: Milagres Stela Vidigal , Silva Girlene Alves da , Almeida Geovana Brandão Santana , Soares Teresa Cristina
Published: July 2019

Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa ancorada na teoria das representações sociais, cujos objetivos foram analisar as representações sociais das pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS sobre o uso do antirretroviral Enfuvirtida, as repercussões em sua vida cotidiana e comparar as repercussões dessa nova abordagem terapêutica,no cotidiano de pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS,com o esquema medicamentoso anterior.O estudo foi realizado no ambulatório de doenças infectoparasitárias de um Hospital Universitário de Minas Gerais, com oito pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS sob uso do antirretroviral Enfuvirtida.Para a coleta de dados,utilizou-se um roteiro semiestruturado. Na categoria de análise denominada “A adaptação ao novo – Da compreensão à habilidade no uso da enfuvirtida”, percebeu-se que os aspectos que envolvem o uso de antirretrovirais ultrapassam os benefícios de uma nova possibilidade terapêutica, umavez que os relatos mostram o desejo por uma abordagem que repercuta minimamente no estar e viver o cotidiano das pessoas. As representações dos usuários sobre a Enfuvirtida são significantes para orientar e organizar as condutas pessoais e sociais, dos profissionais, traduzindo o significado e o investimento afetivo que estas pessoas atribuem ao uso desta medicação e os hábitos que incorporam para a condução do tratamento e autocuidado.
Histiocitose de células de Langerhans: relato de um caso
Authors: Nogueira Freire Karina Camillozzi , Cardoso Lia Quintães , De Miranda Paulo Bittencourt , Pignaton Christiane Chambo , Mendes Cristiane Aparecida , Campostrini Thayla Baptista
Published: July 2019

A histiocitose de células de Langerhans corresponde a um grupo heterogêneo de desordens caracterizadas pela proliferação monoclonal de células dendríticas. Predomina na infância e pode afetar qualquer órgão. Relata-se caso de paciente, sexo feminino, 44 anos, apresentando placas espessas, exsudativas, com escamas aderentes aos pelos, localizadas no couro cabeludo, semelhantes a dermatite seborreica, além de fístulas nas axilas, regiões inframamárias e inguinais de evolução há 16 anos. Realizou-se biópsia da lesão cutânea seguida de imunohistoquímica que concluiu diagnóstico de Histiocitose de células de Langerhans. Investigação sistêmica evidenciou acometimento pulmonar concomitante. Até o presente momento existem poucas publicações sobre envolvimento cutâneo em adultos, assim como não há protocolos de tratamento para os mesmos, necessitando maiores estudos para melhor manejo desses pacientes.
Determinação do estado nutricional: qual o valor de peso e altura autorreferidos?
Authors: Vanelli Chislene Pereira , Miranda Layla de Souza Pires , Colugnati Fernando Antonio Basile , De Paula Rogério Baumgratz , Costa Mônica Barros
Published: July 2019

Introdução: Altas prevalências de sobrepeso e obesidade são descritas em diferentes populações. No entanto, grande parcela da população tem percepções imprecisas sobre seu peso corporal e, consequentemente, sobre a classificação nutricional. Objetivo: Comparar a percepção autorreferida do peso corporal frente à classificação nutricional baseada na aferição realizada por profissional de saúde em amostra representativa da população de cidade de grande porte do sudeste brasileiro. Material e métodos: Foi realizado estudo transversal por inquérito populacional em cidade de médio porte do sudeste brasileiro, sendo a coleta de dados realizada de junho/2014 a abril/2016. Utilizou-se amostragem domiciliar em três estágios e aproximadamente 4.800 domicílios foram visitados, a partir dos quais, 1.032 participantes foram aleatoriamente selecionados e incluídos na pesquisa. Resultados: A média de idade dos participantes foi de 44±13,2 anos, sendo 53,2% indivíduos do sexo feminino. Com base no autorrelato de peso e altura e cálculo do índice de massa corporal (IMC), observou-se que 58,7% da população se encontravam com excesso de peso. Dos 521 indivíduos que foi possível realizar a avaliação do peso e altura por profissionais de saúde vimos que ao se comparar a classificação nutricional baseada no autorrelato com aquela obtida a partir de dados mensurados pelos profissionais, observou-se que o número de casos de obesidade foi 7,1% maior. Conclusão: Diante dos dados do presente estudo, a autopercepção do excesso de peso pode não ser adequada como ferramenta para avaliação de populações em risco para obesidade/sobrepeso, além disso, os resultados reforçam a necessidade de educação sobre o uso do IMC assim como da importância das orientações por profissionais de saúde.
Modelos experimentais de obesidade: análise crítica do perfil metabólico e da aplicabilidade
Authors: Castro Barbara Bruna Abreu , Arriel Kaique , Renó Petrus , Sanders-Pinheiro Hélady
Published: July 2019

Introdução: a prevalência da obesidade e de outras doenças relacionadas está aumentando em todo o mundo de forma preocupante. Caracterizada pelo aumento do peso corporal ou do acúmulo excessivo de gordura corporal, a obesidade tem sido associada ao aumento da mortalidade decorrente de maior incidência de hipertensão, diabetes e vários tipos de câncer. Os modelos animais fornecem dados fundamentais para a compreensão dos parâmetros básicos que regulam os componentes do nosso balanço energético. Objetivo: esta revisão selecionou artigos que utilizaram modelos animais (ratos e camundongos) de obesidade focando nas principais alterações metabólicas causadas pela obesidade com o objetivo de apresentar os principais modelos utilizados nos últimos 5 anos. Material e Métodos: Foram realizadas duas buscas na base de dados PubMed utilizando as expressões: “obesity” AND “metabolism” AND “animal model” AND “mice” e “obesity” AND “metabolism” AND “animal model” AND “rat”, sendo selecionados os estudos considerados mais relevantes a partir dos critérios: descrição detalhada do modelo experimental e análise dos parâmetros metabólicos de interesse: peso, perfil lipídico e perfil glicêmico. Outras referências foram utilizadas para elucidar melhor os modelos encontrados e também aqueles que não foram citados, mas, que possuem importância no entendimento da evolução dos modelos animais de obesidade. Resultados: A espécie mais utilizada foi o camundongo, o sexo predominante foi o masculino, a faixa etária dos roedores variou de neonatos até 44 semanas e o período de acompanhamento chegou até 53 semanas. A obesidade foi confirmada pelo aumento significativo do peso e na maioria dos estudos foram encontradas alterações no metabolismo lipídico e glicêmico. Encontramos cinco grupos de mecanismos de indução da obesidade porém a maioria dos estudos utilizou dietas hiperlipídicas, modelo que mais se assemelha às alterações metabólicas encontradas em humanos. Conclusão: Investigar as causas e efeitos da obesidade induzida em modelos experimentais pode fornecer uma melhor compreensão da fisiopatologia da obesidade, e proporcionar novas opções de prevenção e tratamento.
Avaliação do efeito da quercetina em ratos Wistar com Síndrome Metabólica
Authors: Terra Marcella Martins , Machado Hussen , Pinheiro Hélady Sanders , Guerra Martha de Oliveira , Peters Vera Maria
Published: July 2019

Introdução: O tratamento da síndrome metabólica (SM) é um desafio, uma vez que terapias não medicamentosas são de difícil implementação e o tratamento farmacológico ideal não está totalmente estabelecido. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da quercetina na pressão arterial (PA), dislipidemia e acúmulo de gordura visceral em modelo experimental de SM induzida por dieta hiperlipídica. Métodos: Ratos Wistar receberam ração hiperlipídica a partir da quarta semana de vida, por 20 semanas. O grupo tratado recebeu quercetina a partir da oitava semana de vida. Avaliou-se semanalmente o peso corporal e a PA de cauda por pletismografia. Ao final do experimento foram realizados testes de perfil glicêmico e lipídico. Resultados: A administração de dieta hiperlipídica se associou ao desenvolvimento de SM, caracterizada por acúmulo central de gordura, hipertensão arterial, hiperglicemia e hipertrigliceridemia. A quercetina não apresentou eficácia no tratamento das comorbidades que compõem a SM. Conclusão: A administração crônica diária da quercetina em modelo experimental de SM induzida por dieta hiperlipídica não alterou de forma significante o perfil nutricional, metabólico e pressórico dos animais.
Direct Negation in Enrekang People Culture
Authors: Sudirman Sudirman
Published: July 2019

The research aims at identifying the sociological factors that influence politeness, and the types of polite negation in Enrekang culture. This qualitative ethnographic research was conducted in Lewaja Sub-District of Enrekang regency.  The population consists of 600 adult people of the four villages. The data were collected through questionnaire, observation, recording/video, and interview, and then analysed by applying Brown and Levinson’s theory through socio-pragmatic approach. The result reveal that mostly, Enrekang culture uses Bald on record strategies to indicate polite negation such as: danggimo, daumo, manakanamo, tannia,budamo, and jo o’no’ to all social level, whereas teaq is an impolite response in Enrekang culture. The research also revealed that ages and position are the dominan factors that influence the Enrekang politeness strategies.
Metode Istinbat Imam Malik
Authors: Khatimah Husnul
Published: July 2019

The proverb that probably almost every Indonesian knows it, “unknown unloved.” That is proverb perhaps described what will be explained in this simple article. This article seeks to know one of the great teachers whom had been meritorious in the development of Islam. He is Imam Malik bin Anas, the Islamic scholar of hadith and fiqh specialist. He is the central figure of the Maliki Madh-hab, one of the Islamic major streams in the world. This article will be explained about Imam Malik argument which has relation with intinbath method for getting Islamic law, as we have known he is one of the mujtahid mutlaq. Istinbat method was done by Imam Malik with reviewed Al-Qur’an, Al Sunnah, Ijma’ Ahl al-Madinah, Fatwa Sahabat, Khabar Ahad dan Qiyas, Al-Istihsan, Al-Maslahah al- Mursalah, Sadd al-Zhari'ah, Istishab, Syar'u Man Qoblana. Books that wich used for references in Maliki Madh-hab such as Al-Mudawwanah Al-Kubra, Bidayatul Mujtahid wa Nihayatul Muqtashid (by Ibnu Rusyd), Matan Ar-Risalah fi Al-Fiqh Al-Maliki (by Abu Muhammad Abdillah bin Zaid), Ashl Al-Madarik Syarh Irsyad Al-Masalik fi Fiqh Al-Imam Malik (by Syaikh Shihabuddin Al-Baghdadi), dan Bulghah As-Salik li Aqrab Al-Masalik (by Syaikh Ahmad As-Shawi).
Dewan Hisbah Sebagai Lembaga Otoritas Keagamaan PERSIS
Authors: Tasliyah Nihayatut
Published: July 2019

PERSIS is an influential religious organization in Indonesia, as well as Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and Muhammadiyah. The existence of such organizations is supported by the organizational units that are authorized to formulate religious instruction. The organizational unit is called Hisbah Council. This article described the Istinbath method and some of the decisions made by the Hisbah Board
Proyecto Ágora: El desafío de la inclusión laboral
Authors: América Latina Fundación Once
Published: July 2019

En América Latina, a finales de la última década del siglo pasado, el 80% de las personas con discapacidad visual carecía de trabajo. El elevado índice de desempleo se debía al analfabetismo, a la falta de autonomía y a la dificultad para acceder a las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (tic). Así, la Fundación once para la solidaridad con personas ciegas de América Latina (foal), con el objetivo de fomentar su inserción laboral, ha implementado el Proyecto Ágora (Aulas de Gestión Ocupacional de la Región América Latina), entendiendo que la mejora de la empleabilidad incrementa los niveles de autoestima, autonomía e independencia que no solo favorecen lo individual sino que promueven la participación en lo comunitario y posibilitan la construcción de una sociedad más inclusiva. El Proyecto Ágora incentiva la inserción en el mundo del trabajo y eleva la calidad de vida de las personas con discapacidad visual a una cuestión de derechos humanos. Cada beneficiario realiza una entrevista personal en la que se identifican capacidades y aptitudes para el empleo; cuenta con su propio itinerario de empleabilidad –cuya final es el acceso a un puesto de trabajo– en el que se pueden incluir acciones de capacitación, formación para el empleo o apoyo para el diseño de un plan de negocios