bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simple high-resolution Bradbury–Nielsen mass gate
Authors: Jia Zezhao , Liu Zhaojun , Wang Xiaohan , Wang Runyu , Ma Tianjie , Zhou Ziwen , Moro Ramiro , von Issendorff Bernd , Ma Lei
Published: March 2024

The selection of targets with specific masses, including molecules, atoms, and clusters, has broad applications in spectrometry. As an ion mass-gate with a very high resolution, Bradbury–Nielsen Gates (BNGs) are widely used in the study of size-dependent effects of clusters. Here, wepresent a simple and low-cost method for fabricating high resolution BNGs using a printed circuit board and a 3D printed wire winding and transfer tool. It can produce a pitch of 400 µm with 25 µm diameter tungsten wires. The test results indicate that its resolution reaches more than 1500 when it couples with a homemade ultrafast voltage switch.
Effect of pressure-side tip winglet with different heights and lengths on clearance flow in a compressor cascade
Authors: Xu Wenfeng , Lu Wenxin , Sun Dan , Ren Guozhe , Zou Shilong
Published: March 2024

The clearance flow influence law and mechanism of pressure tip winglets with different fusion heights and lengths are investigated by numerical simulation methods based on a compressor cascade to weaken compressor clearance leakage and improve cascade aerodynamic performance. The result demonstrates that the tip winglet can improve the spanwise pressure flow and narrow the tip separation range, thereby suppressing the intensity of the leakage vortex. The enhanced effect on the leakage vortex is more significant when the tip winglet's fusion length range can include the leakage vortex's initial position. In addition, narrower fusion heights and longer fusion lengths enhance the improvement effect. The tip winglet provides the most significant effect, reducing total pressure loss by 0.64% and leakage by 16.8% when the fusion height is 1% blade height and the length is the whole chord.
GUGA-based MRCI approach with core-valence separation approximation (CVS) for the calculation of the core-excited states of molecules
Authors: Song Qi , Liu Baoyuan , Wu Junfeng , Zou Wenli , Wang Yubin , Suo Bingbing , Lei Yibo
Published: March 2024

We develop and demonstrate how to use the Graphical Unitary Group Approach (GUGA)-based MRCISD with Core–Valence Separation (CVS) approximation to compute the core-excited states. First, perform a normal Self-Consistent-Field (SCF) or valence MCSCF calculation to optimize the molecular orbitals. Second, rotate the optimized target core orbitals and append to the active space, form an extended CVS active space, and perform a CVS-MCSCF calculation for core-excited states. Finally, construct the CVS-MRCISD expansion space and perform a CVS-MRCISD calculation to optimize the CI coefficients based on the variational method. The CVS approximation with GUGA-based methods can be implemented by flexible truncation of the Distinct Row Table. Eliminating the valence-excited configurations from the CVS-MRCISD expansion space can prevent variational collapse in the Davidson iteration diagonalization. The accuracy of the CVS-MRCISD scheme was investigated for excitation energies and compared with that of the CVS-MCSCF and CVS-CASPT2 methods using the same active space. The results show that CVS-MRCISD is capable of reproducing well-matched vertical core excitation energies that are consistent with experiments by combining large basis sets and a rational reference space. The calculation results also highlight the fact that the dynamic correlation between electrons makes an undeniable contribution in core-excited states.
Effect and mechanism of erosion in Pelton turbine and case studies—A review
Authors: Han Lei , Guo Chuanliang , Osman Fareed Konadu , Li Deyou , Wang Hongjie , Liu Yongxin , Qin Daqing
Published: March 2024

Pelton turbines are widely used in hydropower stations located in mountainous regions, especially with water head drop of more than 2000 m. Due to the complex structure and working principle of the turbine, the flow is more complicated than reaction turbines, making the numerical simulation more difficult. The impulse action causes the occurrence of erosion phenomena in Pelton turbines, which will directly decrease the hydraulic efficiency and reduce the turbine's life. For investigating the erosion characteristics, computational fluid dynamics is widely used on variegated platforms according to their unique advantage. Thus, different platforms are introduced and compared in solving the multi-phase flow using a discrete element method or the other meshless methods. In addition, the erosion mechanism is studied and classified in different aspects such as impact angle and impact velocity. However, unlike the feasibility of numerical simulations, experimental work on the erosion mechanism is still challenging to reproduce. Furthermore, the state of experimental research is discussed by listing the various major facilities in operation and comparing their methods of experimental analysis. Case studies all over the world provide a very rich database of erosion patterns which would be highly useful in validation and verification of simulation and experimental results. Studies have shown that particle parameters, such as size, concentration, shape, velocity, and the interaction between particles and material surfaces, significantly impact the erosion of Pelton turbines. In response to this erosion, upgrading materials and implementing geometric optimization have proven to be effective strategies.
Investigation of oil/water two-phase flow behavior in laminated shale porous media considering heterogeneous structure and fluid-solid interaction
Authors: Li Lei , Zhang Dian , Su Yuliang , Hao Yongmao , Zhang Xue , Huang Zhaoxue , Zhang Wenjing
Published: March 2024

The laminated structure of continental shale oil reservoirs introduces significant macro and micro heterogeneity, posing challenges for efficient shale oil extraction. Existing microscopic experimental and simulation methods are insufficient to accurately simulate the fluid flow behavior in mud–lime interactive laminated shale reservoirs. This study delves into the complexities of laminated shale reservoirs with a focus on their heterogeneous structure and wettability. Using scanning electron microscopy, we extracted the structural features of laminated shale reservoirs and established a Multicomponent and multiphase -multi relaxation time-Lattice Boltzmann model(MCMP-MRT-LBM) that considers nanoscale effects such as wall adsorption, liquid–solid slippage, and liquid–liquid slippage. We investigated the occurrence state, the flow behavior, and the phase seepage characteristics of crude oil in laminated shale at different water saturation stages and explored the reasons behind interlayer channeling and the conditions under which crude oil is mobile within limestone and mudstone layers. Then, we examined the impact of varying factors, including heterogeneous wettability, displacement pressure gradients, and pore size, on relative permeability, water injection capacity, sweep efficiency, and crude oil recovery in laminated reservoirs. The results indicate that wettability and pore size distribution, driven by capillary and viscous forces, dictate the occurrence state of remaining oil. Wettability primarily influences fluid distribution, whereas pore size distribution substantially impacts fluid morphology. It also highlights the pivotal role of flow velocity differences between layers in causing interlayer channeling. Increasing the capillary number promotes crude oil mobility within mudstone layers, with the initiation pressure gradient in mudstone layers being 2.5 times that of the limestone layer. The examination of the oil–water relative permeability reveals the dominance of pressure gradients in affecting oil flow capabilities, while pore size significantly influences water flow capacity. By optimizing various factors, it is possible to enhance water injection capacity and sweep efficiency, resulting in a substantial 5%–10% increase in crude oil recovery from laminated shale reservoirs.
Microbubble oscillation on localized heat source affected by dissolved gases in water
Authors: Hiroshige Nao , Okai Shunsuke , Zhang Xuanwei , Kumar Samir , Namura Kyoko , Suzuki Motofumi
Published: March 2024

Recently, we demonstrated that the local heating of degassed water can generate water vapor microbubbles and induce a rapid flow around the bubble. Although flow generation involves the self-excited oscillation of bubbles at a local heating point, the conditions under which the bubbles oscillate are not fully understood. In this study, the dependence of microbubble size and oscillation frequency on the concentration of non-condensable gases in water was investigated. A continuous-wave laser beam was focused on a β-FeSi2 thin film, and water was locally heated using the photothermal conversion properties of the film. The results showed that the lower the concentration of non-condensable gases dissolved in water, the smaller the bubble size and the higher the oscillation frequency. Furthermore, it was found that the bubbles oscillate when the amount of non-condensable gas absorbed by the bubbles, i.e., the bubble size, falls below a specific level. This study can provide a new understanding of the bubble oscillation mechanism and lead to the development of fluid control technology using bubbles.
Enhanced Cs3Cu2I5/Si heterojunction photodetectors based on pulsed laser deposited Cs3Cu2I5 films on micron-scale patterned substrates
Authors: Li Jinxiu , Zhang Dengying , Li Xiaoxuan , Liu Shengming , Zhao Fengzhou
Published: March 2024

Lead-free all-inorganic metal halide perovskites have garnered significant interest due to their exceptional optical and electrical applications. In addition, patterned perovskite films could enhance the performance of the perovskite-based devices. In this work, the microscale cylinder arrays with various diameters were fabricated on Si(100) substrates, and the Cs3Cu2I5 thin films were deposited on the microarrays by pulsed laser deposition. Then, the Cs3Cu2I5/Si heterojunction photodetectors were constructed with Ni/Au and Au electrodes. The reflectivity and photoluminescence spectra demonstrated that the microarrays can reduce surface reflectivity and increase light absorption in heterojunction devices. In addition, the microscale arrays improved the Cs3Cu2I5/Si heterojunction photodetectors performance. As the array diameter decreased, the peak responsivity and specific detectivity of the photodetectors increased significantly, reaching 124.4 mA/W for a 4 μm array. In addition, the photodetectors on microscale arrays demonstrated improved stability with a slightly reduced response speed. The results highlight the potential for microscale structures in enhancing optoelectronic devices.
A one-way coupling approach for simulating in-nozzle flow and spray characteristics of a pressure-swirl atomizer
Authors: Yue Zongyu , Liu Heng , Gao Chuang , Cheng Song , Wang Hu , Zheng Zunqing , Yao Mingfa
Published: March 2024

This article proposes a model framework coupling in-nozzle flow and external spray and presents its application to the simulation of a commercial pressure-swirl atomizer, focusing on the transient characteristics of the internal flow and subsequently the impact on the spray characteristics. High-fidelity in-nozzle simulation of the liquid–gas interactions is performed using the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method. Then, a corresponding Lagrangian simulation of sprays is performed where the parcels are injected using the information from the VOF predictions instead of phenomenological models. Both the internal flow and the spray are compared to the experimental data that are available in the literature, and satisfactory agreement is obtained in terms of the in-nozzle velocity, film thickness, and Sauter mean diameter. The effect of the different liquid properties and geometric features on the air–core formation, and consequently, on the spray characteristics have been obtained directly through spray simulation coupled with nozzle flow. As indicated by the Eulerian simulation results, the viscosity plays a key role in the formation of the air core, as the hollow-cone shape can degenerate into a solid cylindrical liquid jet under high viscosity conditions. Additionally, significantly distinct spray characteristics in terms of droplet velocity, mean diameter, and penetration were predicted depending on the formation of air core. Even if there is no stable air core in the nozzle, the spray is still discharged in a swirling motion. As opposed to the converging angle and orifice length, the nozzle diameter has a direct correlation with the formation of air core and spray atomization. This study implies that the in-nozzle flow field, which is usually ignored in fuel spray simulation, has a substantial impact on the spray characteristics and should be taken into account for design optimization by applying the developed one-way coupling approach.
A novel framework for predicting active flow control by combining deep reinforcement learning and masked deep neural network
Authors: Liu Yangwei , Wang Feitong , Zhao Shihang , Tang Yumeng
Published: March 2024

Active flow control (AFC) through deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is computationally demanding. To address this, a masked deep neural network (MDNN), aiming to replace the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) environment, is developed to predict unsteady flow fields under the influence of arbitrary object motion. Then, a novel DRL-MDNN framework that combines the MDNN-based environment with the DRL algorithm is proposed. To validate the reliability of the framework, a blind test in a pulsating baffle system is designed. Vibration damping is considered to be the objective, and a traditional DRL-CFD framework is constructed for comparison. After training, a spatiotemporal evolution of 200 time steps under the influence of arbitrary object motion is predicted by the MDNN. The details of the flow field are compared with the CFD results, and a relative error within 5% is achieved, which satisfies the accuracy of serving as an interactive environment for DRL algorithms. The DRL-MDNN and traditional DRL-CFD frameworks are then applied to the pulsating baffle system to find the optimal control strategy. The results indicate that both frameworks achieve similar control performance, reducing vibration by 90%. Considering the resources expended in establishing the database, the computational resource consumption of the DRL-MDNN framework is reduced by 95%, and the interactive response time during each episode is decreased by 98.84% compared to the traditional DRL-CFD framework.
Electrochemical control of photoluminescence in pure wurtzite CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals
Authors: Cai Feifei , Zhang Hui , Zhang Huichao , Huang Bo , Yang Hongyu
Published: March 2024

Spectroelectrochemical methods are employed to systematically investigate the impacts of external charge filling in three pure wurtzite CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals (NCs) with different shell thicknesses. We observed that electrons can penetrate the thick CdS shell and inject into the conduction band with an abnormal brightening, while holes are blocked. The formed negative trions result in a different spectral shift according to the size of the NCs, with a redshift of 3.7 nm for 12.5 nm NCs and almost no movement for 23.4 nm NCs. Meanwhile, due to the formation of biexcitons, a variational spectral blueshift with the NCs' size can be determined in time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. This indicates that the binding energy of both biexcitons and negatively charged excitons can be regulated by controlling the shell thickness. Extra charges can also be used to activate/passivate trap states, thereby confirming that the 12.5 nm sample has better surface/interface quality.
Effect of resonant acoustic powder mixing on delay time of W–KClO4–BaCrO4 mixtures
Authors: Kwon Kyungmin , Ryu Seunghwan , Joo Soyun , Han Youngjoon , Baek Donghyeon , Park Moonsoo , Kim Dongwon , Hong Seungbum
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the impact of resonant acoustic powder mixing on the delay time of the W–KClO4–BaCrO4 (WKB) mixture and its potential implications for powder and material synthesis. Through thermal analysis, an inverse linear relationship was found between thermal conductivity and delay time, allowing us to use thermal conductivity as a reliable proxy for delay time. By comparing the thermal conductivity of WKB mixtures mixed manually and using an acoustic powder mixer, we found that acoustic powder mixing resulted in minimal deviations in thermal conductivity, proving more uniform mixing. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimeter analysis and Sestak–Berggren modeling demonstrated consistent reaction dynamics with a constant activation energy as the reaction progressed in samples mixed using acoustic waves. These findings underscore the critical role of uniform powder mixing in enhancing the thermodynamic quality of the WKB mixture and emphasize the importance of developing novel methods for powder and material synthesis.
CMaize: Simplifying inter-package modularity from the build up
Authors: Crandall Zachery , Windus Theresa L. , Richard Ryan M.
Published: March 2024

There is a growing desire for inter-package modularity within the chemistry software community to reuse encapsulated code units across a variety of software packages. Most comprehensive efforts at achieving inter-package modularity will quickly run afoul of a very practical problem, being able to cohesively build the modules. Writing and maintaining build systems has long been an issue for many scientific software packages that rely on compiled languages such as C/C++. The push for inter-package modularity compounds this issue by additionally requiring binary artifacts from disparate developers to interoperate at a binary level. Thankfully, the de facto build tool for C/C++, CMake, is more than capable of supporting the myriad of edge cases that complicate writing robust build systems. Unfortunately, writing and maintaining a robust CMake build system can be a laborious endeavor because CMake provides few abstractions to aid the developer. The need to significantly simplify the process of writing robust CMake-based build systems, especially in inter-package builds, motivated us to write CMaize. In addition to describing the architecture and design of CMaize, the article also demonstrates how CMaize is used in production-level software.
Influence of temperature on the sealing mechanism and sealing performance for magnetic fluid seal with opposite pole teeth in different environments
Authors: Yang Xiaolong , Dou Xuankai , Liu Yang , Xie Guojin
Published: March 2024

To investigate the influence of temperature on the pressure transfer mechanism and failure mechanism for magnetic fluid seal (MFS) with opposite pole teeth (OPT), a sealing device with water circulation channel was designed. Sealing mechanism and performance of the sealing device at different temperatures were experimentally investigated under gas and vacuum environments, respectively, and comparison with the experimental results at normal temperature. Theoretical pressure resistance was calculated according to the theoretical pressure resistance formula for MFS with temperature coefficient. The results show that temperature affects the trend of pressure difference variation for the MFS-OPT. As temperature decreases, self-stability of the magnetic fluid film improves, while pressure resistance and self-healing capability of the MFS-OPT become more pronounced.
On the dependence of thermodynamic variables on the relative velocity vns in a superfluid counterflowing helium
Authors: Nemirovskii Sergey
Published: March 2024

Based on the theory of the thermodynamic equilibrium in a system of quantum vortices in superfluids in the presence of a counterflow, the influence of a vortex tangle on various thermodynamic phenomena in quantum liquids is studied. Using the early calculated partition function, we study some of the properties of He II related to counterflow, such as the distribution of vortex loops in their length, the suppression of the superfluid density ρs, and the shift Tλ. The physics behind this issue is related to the fact that the partition function describing the ensemble of chaotic vortex filaments depends on the relative velocity vns. The partition function, in turn, depends on relative velocity due to the Gibbs distribution with the specific velocity-dependent Hamiltonian. Good agreement with the earlier obtained results is a fairly strong argument in favor of the point of view that a collection of chaotic quantum vortices can, indeed, be considered as a kind of gas of quasiparticles at high temperatures, especially near a phase transition. The work is closely related to nonlinear physics, which studies chaotic processes, and is currently in the stage of active development, resulting in many meaningful and expressive results. The application of the developed formalism to the theory of quantum turbulence is briefly discussed.
Predissociation dynamics of D2 revealed by variation in fragment anisotropy parameters along the Fano profile
Authors: Wang Peng , Gong Shiyan , Li Yixuan , Mo Yuxiang
Published: March 2024

We conducted a study on the variations of the fragment anisotropy parameters (β) along the Fano profiles for the predissociation of the D2 molecule. These variations, known as β profiles, were measured for the D(2l) fragments from the predissociation of the 4pπD′Πu1υ′=1 and 4pσB″Σu+1υ′=2 states. The measured β profiles show significant asymmetry and broader linewidths compared to the corresponding Fano profiles. By fitting the β profiles, we were able to determine the fragment anisotropy parameters associated with the resonance state, continuum state, and the interference effect between them. Additionally, we determined the ratios of the absorption cross sections between the unperturbed and perturbed continuum states interacting with the resonance states although these ratios were found to be very small. Furthermore, we derived approximate formulas to calculate the parameters characterizing the β profile. Despite the linewidths of the four Fano profiles being narrower than our instrumental resolution, we were still able to determine the product of the linewidth with the Fano q parameters. These findings demonstrate the utility of the β profile as an effective tool for studying the predissociation dynamics in diatomic molecules.
Personal and organisational attributes that support transformational leadership in acute healthcare: scoping review
Authors: Considine Julie , Dempster Jenny , Wong Nga Man Wendy , Kiprillis Noelleen , Boyd Leanne
Published: March 2024

Objective Transformational leadership benefits both patients and staff. The objective of this scoping review was to explore personal and organisational attributes that support transformational leadership in acute health care. Methods A scoping review was undertaken using Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Complete, Medline Complete, PsycInfo and Emerald Insight databases. Search terms were related to transformational leadership and acute care hospitals. Results A total of 18 studies were included: 14 reported personal attributes and 8 reported organisational attributes supporting transformational leadership. The most common personal attributes were manager educational preparation (n = 5), years of management experience (n = 4), age (n = 3) and emotional intelligence (n = 3). The most common organisational attributes reported were larger organisational size (n = 2) and culture (n = 2). Personal (manager) attributes were synthesised into the following categories: demographics, role characteristics, leadership preparation and traits. Organisational attributes were categorised as manager support, organisational characteristics and organisational processes. Conclusions Despite the beneficial outcomes of transformational leadership for patients, staff and organisations, the personal and organisational attributes supporting transformation leadership are not well understood.
Local O
2
concentrating boosts the electro-Fenton process for energy-efficient water remediation
Authors: Xu Bincheng , Lin Ze , Li Fengting , Tao Tao , Zhang Gong , Wang Ying
Published: March 2024

The electro-Fenton process is a state-of-the-art water treatment technology used to remove organic contaminants. However, the low O
2
utilization efficiency (OUE, <1%) and high energy consumption remain the biggest obstacles to practical application. Here, we propose a local O
2
concentrating (LOC) approach to increase the OUE by over 11-fold compared to the conventional simple O
2
diffusion route. Due to the well-designed molecular structure, the LOC approach enables direct extraction of O
2
from the bulk solution to the reaction interface; this eliminates the need to pump O
2
/air to overcome the sluggish O
2
mass transfer and results in high Faradaic efficiencies (~50%) even under natural air diffusion conditions. Long-term operation of a flow-through pilot device indicated that the LOC approach saved more than 65% of the electric energy normally consumed in treating actual industrial wastewater, demonstrating the great potential of this system-level design to boost the electro-Fenton process for energy-efficient water remediation.
Central tolerance shapes the neutralizing B cell repertoire against a persisting virus in its natural host
Authors: Florova Marianna , Abreu-Mota Tiago , Paesen Guido C. , Beetschen Anna Sophia , Cornille Karen , Marx Anna-Friederike , Narr Kerstin , Sahin Mehmet , Dimitrova Mirela , Swarnalekha Nivedya , Beil-Wagner Jane , Savic Natasa , Pelczar Pawel , Buch Thorsten , King Carolyn G. , Bowden Thomas A. , Pinschewer Daniel D.
Published: March 2024

Viral mimicry of host cell structures has been postulated to curtail the B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire against persisting viruses through tolerance mechanisms. This concept awaits, however, experimental testing in a setting of natural virus–host relationship. We engineered mouse models expressing a monoclonal BCR specific for the envelope glycoprotein of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), a naturally persisting mouse pathogen. When the heavy chain of the LCMV-neutralizing antibody KL25 was paired with its unmutated ancestor light chain, most B cells underwent receptor editing, a behavior reminiscent of autoreactive clones. In contrast, monoclonal B cells expressing the same heavy chain in conjunction with the hypermutated KL25 light chain did not undergo receptor editing but exhibited low levels of surface IgM, suggesting that light chain hypermutation had lessened KL25 autoreactivity. Upon viral challenge, these IgMlowcells were not anergic but up-regulated IgM, participated in germinal center reactions, produced antiviral antibodies, and underwent immunoglobulin class switch as well as further affinity maturation. These studies on a persisting virus in its natural host species suggest that central tolerance mechanisms prune the protective antiviral B cell repertoire.
Trauma-Informed Care Training in Forensic Mental Health Services: A Scoping Review
Authors: Simjouw Annabel , de Vogel Vivienne , de Ruiter Corine
Published: March 2024

Within forensic populations, exposure to traumatic experiences is high. These experiences are associated with multiple mental and physical health problems later in life. Forensic services would therefore ideally adopt a trauma-informed approach. The aim of this scoping review is to identify trauma-informed training or education for staff within forensic mental health care. A database search of English or Dutch language articles from PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science was performed. Researchers reviewed 6,386 articles and nine were included for final analysis, all in justice-involved youth populations. Results show that training in trauma-informed care may facilitate the relationship between staff members and residents and create safer treatment units. Besides this, a reduction in post-traumatic stress symptoms and greater clinical improvement in depression, anxiety, hope and optimism among justice-involved youth was noted. Trauma-informed staff training may also lead to a decrease in incidents taking place as well as a decrease in use of restraints and seclusion.
The derlin Dfm1 couples retrotranslocation of a folded protein domain to its proteasomal degradation
Authors: Vitali Daniela G. , Fonseca Daniel , Carvalho Pedro
Published: March 2024

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins are degraded by proteasomes in the cytosol through ER-associated degradation (ERAD). This process involves the retrotranslocation of substrates across the ER membrane, their ubiquitination, and membrane extraction by the Cdc48/Npl4/Ufd1 ATPase complex prior to delivery to proteasomes for degradation. How the presence of a folded luminal domain affects substrate retrotranslocation and this event is coordinated with subsequent ERAD steps remains unknown. Here, using a model substrate with a folded luminal domain, we showed that Cdc48 ATPase activity is sufficient to drive substrate retrotranslocation independently of ERAD membrane components. However, the complete degradation of the folded luminal domain required substrate-tight coupling of retrotranslocation and proteasomal degradation, which was ensured by the derlin Dfm1. Mutations in Dfm1 intramembrane rhomboid-like or cytosolic Cdc48-binding regions resulted in partial degradation of the substrate with accumulation of its folded domain. Our study revealed Dfm1 as a critical regulator of Cdc48-driven retrotranslocation and highlights the importance of coordinating substrate retrotranslocation and degradation during ERAD.
Reciprocal regulation by Elm1 and Gin4 controls septin hourglass assembly and remodeling
Authors: Marquardt Joseph , Chen Xi , Bi Erfei
Published: March 2024

The septin cytoskeleton is extensively regulated by posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation, to achieve the diversity of architectures including rings, hourglasses, and gauzes. While many of the phosphorylation events of septins have been extensively studied in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the regulation of the kinases involved remains poorly understood. Here, we show that two septin-associated kinases, the LKB1/PAR-4–related kinase Elm1 and the Nim1/PAR-1–related kinase Gin4, regulate each other at two discrete points of the cell cycle. During bud emergence, Gin4 targets Elm1 to the bud neck via direct binding and phosphorylation to control septin hourglass assembly and stability. During mitosis, Elm1 maintains Gin4 localization via direct binding and phosphorylation to enable timely remodeling of the septin hourglass into a double ring. This mutual control between Gin4 and Elm1 ensures that septin architecture is assembled and remodeled in a temporally controlled manner to perform distinct functions during the cell cycle.
Reconstruction of degenerate conductivity region for parabolic equations
Authors: Cannarsa Piermarco , Doubova Anna , Yamamoto Masahiro
Published: March 2024

We consider an inverse problem of reconstructing a degeneracy point in the diffusion coefficient in a one-dimensional parabolic equation by measuring the normal derivative on one side of the domain boundary. We analyze the sensitivity of the inverse problem to the initial data. We give sufficient conditions on the initial data for uniqueness and stability for the one-point measurement and show some examples of positive and negative results. On the other hand, we present more general uniqueness results, also for the identification of an initial data by measurements distributed over time. The proofs are based on an explicit form of the solution by means of Bessel functions of the first type. Finally, the theoretical results are supported by numerical experiments.
Van der Waals epitaxy of CsPbBr3/WSe2 heterostructure and dynamics study of exciton recombination
Authors: Chen Meili , Chang Ruiguang , Yang Xinhui , Lu Chang , Zhang Shunhui , Zhang Zhengwei , He Jun , Yuan Xiaoming
Published: March 2024

Van der Waals heterostructures formed by inorganic perovskites and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have promising applications in photonics and optoelectronics. However, there are few studies on the properties of CsPbBr3/TMDC at low temperatures. Here, we demonstrate van der Waals epitaxy of CsPbBr3 nanowires (NWs), nanoplates (NPs) and nanocones (NCs) on monolayer (ML) WSe2, and investigate the lattice dynamics of the heterostructure at low temperatures using temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy. In addition, temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy shows that the type II band alignment between CsPbBr3 and ML WSe2 leads to a broad emission peak at the low-energy side of the ML WSe2 emission at low temperatures. Meanwhile, a high-energy peak appears near the CsPbBr3 emission below 133 K, which may be related to the phase transition of CsPbBr3 from the cubic to the orthorhombic phase. These findings are important for the development of van der Waals heterostructure based self-powered photodetector with high performance.
Micro-sized droplet formation by interaction between dielectric barrier discharge and liquid
Authors: Watanabe Ryosuke , Sugata Natsuki , Yoshino Daisuke
Published: March 2024

Liquid atomization technology is one of the applications in various fields of modern industry because it improves reactivity, diffusion, and permeability of liquids. However, existing atomization technologies are severely limited by the physical and chemical properties of the solution or the object to be treated, and there is a growing need to develop atomization technologies that solve these problems. We have developed a device that atomizes liquids to the nanoscale based on the interaction with a dielectric barrier discharge, which enables the atomization of various types of solutions, including water-based and oil-based solutions. Herein, we report the results of visualizing the dynamics of liquid atomization using a high-speed camera. The device atomizes solutions in three modes: instability of the solution jet; physical fragmentation of the solution droplets by the impact of the plasma streamer; and collapse of the droplet surface and generation of a smoke-like mist during the streamer ejection from the solution droplet. The combined and repeated action of these three modes on the produced microdroplets is expected to result in nano-sized mists of the solution.
Topological band inversion and chiral Majorana mode in hcp thallium
Authors: Hirayama Motoaki , Nomoto Takuya , Arita Ryotaro
Published: March 2024

The chiral Majorana fermion is an exotic particle that is its own antiparticle. It can arise in a one-dimensional edge of topological materials, and especially that in a topological superconductor can be exploited in non-Abelian quantum computation. While the chiral Majorana mode (CMM) remains elusive, a promising situation is realized when superconductivity coexists with a topologically non-trivial surface state. Here, we perform fully non-empirical calculation for the CMM considering superconductivity and surface relaxation, and show that hexagonal close-packed thallium (Tl) has an ideal electronic state that harbors the CMM. The

k
z

=
0

plane of Tl is a mirror plane, realizing a full-gap band inversion corresponding to a topological crystalline insulating phase. Its surface and hinge are stable and easy to make various structures. Another notable feature is that the surface Dirac point is very close to the Fermi level, so that a small Zeeman field can induce a topological transition. Our calculation indicates that Tl will provide a new platform of the Majorana fermion.
FLCNet: faster and lighter cross-scale feature aggregation network for lead bar surface defect detection
Authors: Lv Zhongliang , Xia Kewen , Lu Zhengyu , Zhao Zhiqiang , Zuo Hailun , Dai Zhou , Xu Youwei
Published: March 2024

Aiming at the defect inspection under the characteristics of scale change, high reflection, inclined deformation of defects of lead bars and meeting the needs for faster detection, this paper proposes a faster and lighter cross-scale feature aggregation network (FLCNet). In this study, we focus on the redundancy of channel information, and design a new partial channel group convolution, based on which we design a Faster C3 module and a lightweight cross-scale feature fusion module. In addition, we design a cross-scale slim neck to reduce the redundant feature transfer of the model. Finally, we propose a uniform brightness acquisition method for lead bar sidewall image by using combined light source and construct a lead bar dataset with various complex defect samples. Experiments show that FLCNet effectively improves the detection accuracy of the surface defects of lead bars, the mAP@0.5 value reaches 97.1%, and compared with YOLOv5s, the model’s parameters reduced by 33.9%. At the same time, the detection speed reaches 114.9 FPS, which is faster than other advanced detection models.
Sensitivity and resolution response of optical flow-based background-oriented schlieren to speckle patterns
Authors: Cakir Bora O , Lavagnoli Sergio , Saracoglu Bayindir H , Fureby Christer
Published: March 2024

The degraded resolution and sensitivity characteristics of background-oriented schlieren (BOS) can be recovered by utilizing an optical flow (OF)-based image processing scheme. However, the background patterns conventionally employed in BOS setups suit the needs of the cross-correlation approach, whereas OF is based on a completely different mathematical background. Thus, in order to characterize the resolution and sensitivity response of OF-based BOS to the background generation configurations, a parametric study is performed. First, a synthetic assessment based on an analytical solution of a one-dimensional shock tube problem is conducted. Then, a numerical assessment utilizing direct numerical simulation data of density-driven turbulence is performed. Finally, the applicability of the documented conclusions in realistic scenarios is tested through an experimental assessment over a plume of a swirling heated jet.
Spin-polarized 3He shock waves from a solid-gas composite target at high laser intensities
Authors: Reichwein L , Shen X F , Büscher M , Pukhov A
Published: March 2024

We investigate collisionless shock acceleration of spin-polarized

3

He for laser pulses with normalized vector potentials in the range

a
0

=
100
−
200

. The setup utilized in the 2D-particle-in-cell simulations consists of a solid carbon foil that is placed in front of the main Helium target. The foil is heated by the laser pulse and shields the Helium from the highly oscillating fields. In turn, a shock wave with more homogeneous fields is induced, leading to highly polarized ion beams. We observe that the inclusion of radiation reaction into our simulations leads to a higher beam charge without affecting the polarization degree to a significant extent.
Mean-field elastic moduli of a three-dimensional, cell-based vertex model
Authors: Kim Kyungeun , Zhang Tao , Schwarz J M
Published: March 2024

The mechanics of a foam depends on bubble shape, bubble network topology, and the material at hand, be it metallic or polymeric, for example. While the shapes of bubbles are the consequence of minimizing surface area for a given bubble volume in a space-filling packing, if one were to consider biological tissue as a foam-like material, the zoology of observed shapes of cells perhaps motivates different energetic contributions. Building on earlier two-dimensional results, here, we focus on a mean field approach to obtain the elastic moduli for an ordered, three-dimensional vertex model. We use the space-filling shape of a truncated octahedron and an energy functional containing a restoring surface area spring and a restoring volume spring. The tuning of the three-dimensional shape index exhibits a rigidity transition via a compatible–incompatible transition. Specifically, for smaller shape indices, both the target surface area and volume cannot be achieved, while beyond some critical value of the three-dimensional shape index, they can be, resulting in a zero-energy state. In addition to analytically determining the location of the transition in mean field, we find that the rigidity transition and the elastic moduli depend on the parameterization of the cell shape. This parameterization effect is more pronounced in three dimensions than in two dimensions given the zoology of shapes that a polyhedron can take on (as compared to a polygon). We also uncover nontrivial dependence of the elastic moduli on the deformation protocol in which some deformations result in affine motion of the vertices, while others result in nonaffine motion. Such dependencies on the shape parameterization and deformation protocol give rise to a nontrivial shape landscape and, therefore, nontrivial mechanical response even in the absence of topology changes.
Understanding atom probe’s analytical performance for iron oxides using correlation histograms and ab initio calculations
Authors: Kim Se-Ho , Bhatt Shalini , Schreiber Daniel K , Neugebauer Jörg , Freysoldt Christoph , Gault Baptiste , Katnagallu Shyam
Published: March 2024

Field evaporation from ionic or covalently bonded materials often leads to the emission of molecular ions. The metastability of these molecular ions, particularly under the influence of the intense electrostatic field (1010Vm−1), makes them prone to dissociation with or without an exchange of energy amongst them. These processes can affect the analytical performance of atom probe tomography (APT). For instance, neutral molecules formed through dissociation may not be detected at all or with a time of flight no longer related to their mass, causing their loss from the analysis. Here, we evaluated the changes in the measured composition of FeO, Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 across a wide range of analysis conditions. Possible dissociation reactions are predicted by density-functional theory calculations considering the spin states of the molecules. The energetically favoured reactions are traced on to the multi-hit ion correlation histograms, to confirm their existence within experiments, using an automated Python-based routine. The detected reactions are carefully analyzed to reflect upon the influence of these neutrals from dissociation reactions on the performance of APT for analysing iron oxides.
Some characteristics of Cu/Cu2O/CuO nanostructure heterojunctions and their applications in hydrogen generation from seawater: effect of surface roughening
Authors: Alqahtani Mohammed S , Mohamed S H , Hadia N M A , Rabia Mohamed , Awad M A
Published: March 2024

Cu/Cu2O/CuO heterojunction were synthesized, using thermal oxidation under the flow of argon and oxygen gas mixture, as efficient photoelectrode for hydrogen generation. The Cu/Cu2O/CuO heterojunction were synthesized using un-roughed and roughed Cu foils. The resulting heterojunction samples were characterized using various techniques. The evaluated oxide layer (Cu2O/CuO) thicknesses for un-roughed and roughed samples are 4.2 and 8.5 μm, respectively. XRD revealed that the oxide layer is a mix cubic Cu2O and monoclinic CuO crystalline phases with higher CuO ratio in the roughed sample. The surface morphology of the un-roughed sample is a porous surface that consisting of nanoflakes whereas surface morphology of the roughed sample is randomly oriented nanowires. The Cu/Cu2O/CuO nanostructured surface is superhydrophilic, with water contact angles of 11.12 and 0° for un-roughed and roughed samples, respectively. The roughed sample has higher absorbance over the entire studied wavelength range. The obtained values of the optical band gap for un-roughed and roughed samples are 2.48 and 2.39 eV, respectively. The photocurrent density of the roughed photoelectrode is much greater than that of un-roughed photoelectrode. The roughed photoelectrode has a photocurrent density of—0.151 mA cm−2 at—0.85 V and a photoconversion efficiency of 0.55% when illuminating with 340 nm light. This work offers a promised Cu/Cu2O/CuO photoelectrode for hydrogen generation from seawater.
Multifunctional Ce+3 doped nickel-cobalt mixed ferrites via co-precipitation method for photocatalytic and antibacterial activity
Authors: Akram Muhammad , Junaid Abdul Hafeez , Ishaque Muhammad Zahid , Zaman Yasir , Shahzad Muhammad , Siddique Abu Bakar , Kanwal Humaira , Anis ur Rehman Muhammad , Arshad Muhammad Imran , Ali Daoud
Published: March 2024

The overuse of industrial dyes and anti-bacterial drugs are destroying fresh water reservoirs and making bacteria more resistant, respectively. To sort out these problems, we have synthesized Cerium doped Nickel-Cobalt mixed ferrites (Ce-@NCMF) with chemical composition [Ni0.4Co0.6CexFe2-xO4 (where x = 0.00, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25)] via co-precipitation method. Influence of cerium doping on the structural, optical, electrical, magnetic, photocatalytic and anti-bacterial properties of Ce-@NCMF studied. Powder x-ray diffraction analysis (PXRD) confirmed the synthesis of Ce-@NCMF. Decrease of crystallite size from 29.71 to 24.95 nm was observed with increase in dopant concentration. Tauc’s plot indicated the decrease of energy bandgap from 2.10 to 1.89 eV with increase in dopant concentration, which revealed the absorption of light in visible region to generate electron–hole pairs for photocatalytic applications. FTIR spectra indicated the presence of M-O bonds as major functional group present in Ce-@NCMF. Electrical properties demonstrated the prominent increase of electrical conductivity with increase of Ce-doping. VSM analysis was performed to analyse the magnetic properties of materials and showed prominent decrease in saturation magnetization value from 84.66 to 19.85 emu g−1. Owing to optical bandgap in the visible region, all the synthesized samples were evaluated for their photocatalytic potential for the degradation of methylene blue. Ce-@NCMF at x = 25% dopant value showed maximum degradation efficiency (95%) under sunlight irradiation of 90 min. Kinetic studies of dye degradation followed pseudo-1st order kinetics with maximum rate constant (k) value of 2.78×10−2 min−1. Antibacterial activity results showed the bioactive nature of Ce-@NCMF against all strains of bacteria in consistent with the crystallite size of samples. Smallest crystallite size Ce-@NCMF were found most active against gram-negative bacterial strains.