bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aqueous Solutions of a Porous Host–Poly‐L‐lysine Complex with Information on Solids as Different Fluorescence by Guests
Authors: Takahashi Katsuya , Umezane Sota , Ono Toshikazu , Fukutomi Satoshi , Ihara Megumi , Hisaeda Yoshio , Kawasaki Riku , Ikeda Atsushi
Published: September 2022

N,N’‐Dipyrid‐3‐yl‐1,4,5,8‐naphthalenediimide linked to two tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (1) exhibits strong fluorescence emission in the solid state by the formation of a charge‐transfer complex containing small aromatic guest molecules. Hydrophobic 1 was dissolved in water by mixing with poly‐L‐lysine (PLL) as a solubilizing agent. The 1‐PLL complex could include small aromatic guest molecules in water, significantly increasing the fluorescence. The fluorescence maxima of 1 in aqueous solution and solid state were different depending on the guest molecule. Therefore, compound 1 was prepared as aqueous solution with information of fluorescence on solids by complexation with PLL.
Spiro‐OMeTAD as Redox Mediator and Singlet Oxygen Scavenger in Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Possetto David I. , Torres Walter R. , Rueda Héctor , Fungo Fernando , Tesio Alvaro Y.
Published: September 2022

Lithium‐oxygen batteries (LOBs) are considered one of the new alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries mainly due to its high energy density. Several strategies are pursued in order to avoid parasitic reactions that fade the battery capacity. In this work, it was carried out a photochemical and electrochemical characterization of Spiro‐OMeTAD working as a redox mediator (RM) in the LOBs. By using the Time Resolved Phosphorescence Detection (TRPD) technique together with Rose Bengal, we demonstrate that RM can deactivate the singlet oxygen produced in the cell, decreasing its performance. A concentration of 5 mM Spiro‐OMeTAD in the electrolyte avoids solubility problems, maximizes its catalytic effects during the charge, and is still enough to act as a singlet oxygen scavenger. Finally, lithium nitrate was added to the electrolyte to passivate the metallic lithium anode with the aim to prevent the RM decomposition and the increase of LOBs performance.
A well‐characterized polycistronic‐like gene expression system in yeast
Authors: Mukherjee Minakshi , Wang Zhen Q.
Published: September 2022

Efficient expression of multiple genes is critical to yeast metabolic engineering for the bioproduction of bulk and fine chemicals. A yeast polycistronic expression system is of particular interest because one promoter can drive the expression of multiple genes. 2A viral peptides enable the cotranslation of multiple proteins from a single mRNA by ribosomal skipping. However, the wide adaptation of 2A viral peptides for polycistronic‐like gene expression in yeast awaits in‐depth characterizations. Additionally, a one‐step assembly of such a polycistronic‐like system is highly desirable. To this end, we have developed a modular cloning (MoClo) compatible 2A peptide‐based polycistronic‐like system capable of expressing multiple genes from a single promoter in yeast. Characterizing the bi‐, tri‐, and quad‐cistronic expression of fluorescent proteins showed high cleavage efficiencies of three 2A peptides: E2A from equine rhinitis B virus, P2A from porcine teschovirus‐1, and O2A from Operophtera brumata cypovirus‐18. Applying the polycistronic‐like system to produce geraniol, a valuable industrial compound, resulted in comparable or higher titers than using conventional monocistronic constructs. In summary, this highly‐characterized polycistronic‐like gene expression system is another tool to facilitate multigene expression for metabolic engineering in yeast.
Exploring the association of interleukin polymorphisms with aggression and internalizing behaviors in children and adolescents
Authors: Pouget Jennie G. , Bryushkova Lyubov , Koyama Emiko , Zai Clement C. , Fonseka Trehani M. , Mueller Daniel , Kennedy James L. , Beitchman Joseph H.
Published: September 2022

Background

There is growing evidence that inflammation influences mental health. Blood interleukin levels, which regulate inflammation, have been linked to aggression and internalizing behaviors. We performed a hypothesis‐driven genetic study to (1) evaluate the association of IL1B, IL2, and IL6 gene variants with aggression and internalizing behaviors and (2) explore gene–environment interactions with childhood adversity in a deeply phenotyped childhood‐onset aggression sample including 255 cases and 226 controls of European ancestry.

Methods

We evaluated the association of putative functional and tag SNPs within IL1B, IL2, and IL6 with aggression case status, parent‐reported internalizing problems, self‐reported anxiety symptoms, and self‐reported depressive symptoms in our sample. We also performed exploratory GxE analyses within cases, testing for statistical interaction between interleukin SNP genotype and childhood adversity for depressive symptoms.

Results

No significant association was observed between any of the interleukin SNPs and childhood‐onset aggression. We observed association of IL6 variant rs2069827 with depressive symptoms (p = 7.15×10–4), and trends for an interaction between severe childhood adversity and SNPs in IL1B and IL2 for depressive symptoms.

Conclusions

Our findings provide preliminary evidence that common variation in IL6 may be associated with depressive symptoms in children and adolescents, and that common variation in interleukin genes may sensitize individuals to the depressogenic effects of traumatic life experiences. Replication in independent samples is needed.
Learning technical courses in architectural education through gamification
Authors: Shareef Sardar S. , Rauf Hozan L.
Published: September 2022

This study aims to identify a method to motivate students to participate in technical courses and apply the knowledge they attain in their design projects. This study proposed gamification using Kahoot for a construction course (one of the technical courses). A quantitative method is applied in the research, and a second‐year, first‐semester class is the case study. Kahoot, a free online platform, was used as a supportive tool to make the course more game‐like and fun. After each class, questions and quizzes were delivered to the students through Kahoot, and they played by answering them. The results show that students enjoyed and engaged in the course and were sufficiently motivated to apply the knowledge they acquired in their design projects. They also suggested gamification for their other courses. This study used a quantitative method for evaluating the experiences of 21 students in one course in one semester. Given the small sample size, the results of this study may not be generalizable to a broader population. For further research, studies may need both a longer timeframe and the application of more techniques and tools of gamification.
The phospholipid flippase ATP8B1 is required for lysosomal fusion in macrophages
Authors: Gómez‐Mellado Valentina E. , Ho‐Mok Kam S. , van der Mark Vincent A. , van der Wel Nicole N. , Grootemaat Anita E. , Verhoeven Arthur J. , Elferink Ronald P. J. Oude , Paulusma Coen C.
Published: September 2022

ATP8B1 is a phospholipid flippase and member of the type 4 subfamily of P‐type ATPases (P4‐ATPase) subfamily. P4‐ATPases catalyze the translocation of phospholipids across biological membranes, ensuring proper membrane asymmetry, which is crucial for membrane protein targeting and activity, vesicle biogenesis, and barrier function. Here we have investigated the role of ATP8B1 in the endolysosomal pathway in macrophages. Depletion of ATP8B1 led to delayed degradation of content in the phagocytic pathway and in overacidification of the endolysosomal system. Furthermore, ATP8B1 knockdown cells exhibited large multivesicular bodies filled with intraluminal vesicles. Similar phenotypes were observed in CRISPR‐generated ATP8B1 knockout cells. Importantly, induction of autophagy led to accumulation of autophagosomes in ATP8B1 knockdown cells. Collectively, our results support a novel role for ATP8B1 in lysosomal fusion in macrophages, a process crucial in the terminal phase of endolysosomal degradation.
Extraplaque versus intraplaque tracking in chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Megaly Michael , Buda Kevin , Karacsonyi Judit , Kostantinis Spyridon , Simsek Bahadir , Basir Mir B. , Mashayekhi Kambis , Rinfret Stephane , McEntegart Margaret , Yamane Masahisa , Azzalini Lorenzo , Alaswad Khaldoon , Brilakis Emmanouil S.
Published: September 2022

Objective

To compare the clinical outcomes after extraplaque (EP) versus intraplaque (IP) tracking in chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Background

The impact of modern dissection and reentry (DR) techniques on the long‐term outcomes of CTO PCI remains controversial.

Methods

We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies that compared EP versus IP tracking in CTO PCI. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are calculated using the Der‐Simonian and Laird random‐effects method.

Results

Our meta‐analysis included seven observational studies with 2982 patients. Patients who underwent EP tracking had significantly more complex CTOs with higher J‐CTO score, longer lesion length, and more severe calcification and had significantly longer stented segments. During a median follow‐up of 12 months (range 9–12 months), EP tracking was associated with a higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (OR 1.50, 95% CI (1.10–2.06), p = 0.01) and target vessel revascularization (TVR) (OR 1.69, 95% CI (1.15–2.48), p = 0.01) compared with IP tracking. There was no difference in the incidence of all‐cause death (OR 1.37, 95% CI (0.67–2.78), p = 0.39), myocardial infarction (MI) (OR 1.48, 95% CI (0.82–2.69), p = 0.20), stent thrombosis (OR 2.09, 95% CI (0.69–6.33), p = 0.19), or cardiac death (OR 1.10, 95% CI (0.39–3.15), p = 0.85) between IP and EP tracking.

Conclusion

EP tracking is utilized in more complex CTOs and requires more stents. EP tracking is associated with a higher risk of MACE, driven by a higher risk of TVR at 1 year, but without an increased risk of death or MI compared with IP tracking. EP tracking is critically important for contemporary CTO PCI.
Trends in invasive treatment of patients hospitalized with aortic stenosis complicated by cardiogenic shock
Authors: Elkaryoni Ahmed , Cohen David J. , Lopez John J. , Huded Chetan P. , Kennedy Kevin F. , Arnold Suzanne V.
Published: September 2022

Background

Before the development of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) was the only potential nonsurgical intervention for patients with aortic stenosis complicated by cardiogenic shock. Emergent TAVR is now an option and has shown acceptable outcomes compared with elective TAVR. We explored how treatment patterns for aortic stenosis and cardiogenic shock among patients received invasive intervention have shifted since TAVR was introduced.

Methods

We used the Nationwide In patients Sample to identify nonelective hospitalizations for patient with aortic stenosis complicated by cardiogenic shock who received invasive treatment (TAVR, BAV, or surgical aortic valve replacement [SAVR]). We explored the proportion treated with each treatment modality over time, the patient characteristics and in‐hospital mortality associated with each treatment, and used multivariable logistic regression to examine whether changes in in‐hospital mortality over time differed by treatment.

Results

Between 2010 and 2019, we identified 9899 hospitalizations for decompensated aortic stenosis with cardiogenic shock during which patients received invasive treatment (TAVR 17.7%, BAV 20.2%, SAVR 62.1%). Use of both TAVR and BAV has increased over time compared with SAVR (TAVR 6.6% ≥ 33.8%, BAV 8.4% ≥ 23.2%, SAVR 91.6% ≥ 43.0%; p < 0.001 for trend). The overall in‐hospital mortality rate was 21.0%, which decreased over time for all treatments (TAVR 20.0% ≥ 18.8%, BAV 66.0% ≥ 25.5%, SAVR 17.7% ≥ 11.8%; linear trend p < 0.001 for each), with lower mortality for TAVR versus BAV at all time points. Patients treated with TAVR (vs. BAV) were less likely to require mechanical ventilation (36.8% vs. 46.3%, p < 0.001) or mechanical circulatory support (22.5% vs. 29.9%, p < 0.001). In the multivariable analysis, the interaction between treatment and time was not significant (p = 0.245), indicating the reduction in in‐hospital mortality over time did not differ among the treatments.

Conclusions

Since the introduction of TAVR, there has been a shift toward increased use of nonsurgical invasive treatments (both BAV and TAVR) for aortic stenosis and cardiogenic shock. Although in‐hospital mortality has declined, it remains high in all groups, but particularly among patients treated with BAV, where the severity of cardiogenic shock appears to be higher than in those treated with other modalities.
Sustainable Aviation Fuel from Syngas through Higher Alcohols
Authors: Mäki‐Arvela Päivi , Aho Atte , Simakova Irina , Yu. Murzin Dmitry
Published: September 2022

The current review critically summarizes recent developments in transformations of syngas to higher alcohols. Although higher alcohols have found applications as fuel additives, detergents and plastics for a long while, transformation of alcohols to jet fuel has attained recent interest due to an urgent need to develop jet fuels from sustainable sources. Fermentation of lignocellulosic‐based sugars to ethanol as a technology does not compete with the food chain supply being thus a potentially acceptable route if economically viable. An alternative method is to gasify biomass to produce syngas, which can further be transformed to higher alcohols through several pathways. Jet fuel range alkanes are obtained from alcohols via oligomerisation, dehydration and hydrogenation. The highest space time yields of higher alcohols of 0.61 g/(gcath) is obtained over a bimetallic copper‐iron catalyst supported on a hierarchical zeolite at 300 °C and 5 MPa. Furthermore, copper‐cobalt and cobalt‐manganese compositions are promising for the direct synthesis of higher alcohols from syngas, where one of the challenges is to suppress formation of alkanes and CO2 and increase selectivity to higher alcohols. From the mechanistic point of view, it has been proposed to use dual‐site catalysts, where one site promotes hydrogenation, while the other site is required for the chain growth. In addition to selection of the optimum reaction conditions and catalyst properties, kinetic modelling, thermodynamics and scale up issues are discussed.
Modulating CoFeOXNanosheets Towards Enhanced CO2Photoreduction to Syngas: Effect of Calcination Temperature and Mixed‐Valence Multi‐Metals
Authors: Pan Bao , Zhou Linxing , Qin Jiani , Liao Miao , Wang Chuanyi
Published: September 2022

CoFeOXnanosheets were synthesized by a facile coprecipitation and calcination method. The effect of calcination temperature on the crystal texture, morphology and surface areas of CoFeOXwere fully explored. CoFeOXsample calcined at 600 °C (CoFeOX‐600) showed superior catalytic performance for the reduction of CO2under visible light. Compared with the pure Ru(bpy)32+‐sensitized CO2reduction system, the CoFeOX‐added system achieved 19‐fold enhancement of CO production (45.7 μmol/h). The mixed valence state and nanosheet‐like structure of CoFeOXcocatalyst support its ultra‐high charge transfer and abundant CO2active adsorption sites exposure, which promote the separation of photogenerated charges, and thus improve the photocatalytic CO2reduction activity. Carbon source of CO from CO2was verified by13CO2isotopic labelling experiment. Repeated activity experiments confirmed the good stability of CoFeOXin the CO2photoreduction system. This work would provide prospective insights into developing novel cost‐effective, efficient, and durable non‐precious metal cocatalysts to improve the efficiency of photocatalytic reduction of CO2.
Systematic Modulation of Thiol Functionalities in Inexpensive Porous Polymers for Effective Mercury Removal
Authors: Wongwilawan Sirinapa , Kim Doyun , Nguyen Thien S. , Lim Wonki , Li Sheng , Yavuz Cafer T.
Published: September 2022

Through accumulation, mercury contamination in aquatic systems still poses serious health risks despite the strict regulations on drinking water and industrial discharge. One effective strategy against this is adsorptive removal, in which a suitably functionalized porous material is added to water treatment protocols. Thiol (SH) group‐grafted structures perform commendably; however, insufficient attention is paid to the cost, scalability, and reusability or how the arrangement of sulfur atoms could affect the HgII binding strength. We used an inexpensive and scalable porous covalent organic polymer (COP‐130) to systematically introduce thiol functional groups with precise chain lengths and sulfur content. Thiol‐functionalized COP‐130 demonstrates enhanced wettability and excellent HgII uptake of up to 936 mg g−1, with fast kinetics and exceptionally high selectivity. These Hg adsorbents are easily regenerated with HCl and can be used at least six times without loss of capacity even after treatment with strong acid, a rare performance in the domain of Hg‐removal research.
Investigating the Active Oxidants Involved in Cytochrome P450 Catalyzed Sulfoxidation Reactions
Authors: Podgorski Matthew N. , Coleman Tom , Churchman Luke R. , Bruning John B. , De Voss James J. , Bell Stephen G.
Published: September 2022

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) heme‐thiolate monooxygenases catalyze the hydroxylation of the C−H bonds of organic molecules. This reaction is initiated by a ferryl‐oxo heme radical cation (Cpd I). These enzymes can also catalyze sulfoxidation reactions and the ferric‐hydroperoxy complex (Cpd 0) and the Fe(III)‐H2O2 complex have been proposed as alternative oxidants for this transformation. To investigate this, the oxidation of 4‐alkylthiobenzoic acids and 4‐methoxybenzoic acid by the CYP199A4 enzyme from Rhodopseudomonas palustris HaA2 was compared using both monooxygenase and peroxygenase pathways. By examining mutants at the mechanistically important, conserved acid alcohol‐pair (D251N, T252A and T252E) the relative amounts of the reactive intermediates that would form in these reactions were disturbed. Substrate binding and X‐ray crystal structures helped to understand changes in the activity and enabled an attempt to evaluate whether multiple oxidants can participate in these reactions. In peroxygenase reactions the T252E mutant had higher activity towards sulfoxidation than O‐demethylation but in the monooxygenase reactions with the WT enzyme the activity of both reactions was similar. The peroxygenase activity of the T252A mutant was greater for sulfoxidation reactions than the WT enzyme, which is the reverse of the activity changes observed for O‐demethylation. The monooxygenase activity and coupling efficiency of sulfoxidation and oxidative demethylation were reduced by similar degrees with the T252A mutant. These observations infer that while Cpd I is required for O‐dealkylation, another oxidant may contribute to sulfoxidation. Based on the activity of the CYP199A4 mutants it is proposed that this is the Fe(III)‐H2O2 complex which would be more abundant in the peroxide‐driven reactions.
Synthetic Studies towards the Calcium‐Dependent Lipopeptide Antibiotic Cadaside B
Authors: Kovalenko Nadiia , Swain Jonathan A. , Howard Georgina K. , Hermant Yann O. , Cameron Alan J. , Stubbing Louise A. , Harris Paul W. R. , Brimble Margaret A.
Published: September 2022

In the current global crisis of antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial peptides represent a promising source of alternative antibiotics. Recently discovered cadaside B, a novel calcium‐dependent antibiotic, exhibits potent antimicrobial activity towards Gram‐positive pathogens including multi‐drug resistant strains. These properties, coupled with a novel structure, non‐cytotoxicity, and low likelihood of developing resistance render cadaside B an important synthetic target. Herein, a synthetic strategy towards cadaside B is reported with the key steps involving on‐resin depsipeptide bond formation and solution‐phase macrolactamization. Good agreement of the synthetic cadaside B MS/MS fragmentation pattern was observed with the natural product, but a different 1H NMR spectrum and absence of antimicrobial activity suggest an undetected epimerization event took place during the synthesis. Herein the findings of our synthetic journey and suggestions for future directions are presented.
An Endoplasmic Reticulum Targeting Type I Photosensitizer for Effective Photodynamic Therapy against Hypoxic Tumor Cells
Authors: Li Shumeng , Chen Yuncong , Wu Yanping , Yao Shankun , Yuan Hao , Tan Yehong , Qi Fen , He Weijiang , Guo Zijian
Published: September 2022

Organelle‐targeted type I photodynamic therapy (PDT) shows great potential to overcome the hypoxic microenvironment in solid tumors. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an indispensable organelle in cells with important biological functions. When the ER is damaged due to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the accumulation of misfolded proteins will interfere with ER homeostasis, resulting in ER stress. Here, an ER‐targeted benzophenothiazine‐based photosensitizer NBS‐ER was presented. ER targeting modification significantly reduced the dark toxicity and improved phototoxicity index (PI). NBS‐ER could effectively produce O2−⋅ with near‐infrared irradiation, making its phototoxicity under hypoxia close to that under normoxia. Meanwhile, the photoinduced ROS triggered ER stress and induced apoptosis. In addition, NBS‐ER possessed excellent photodynamic therapeutic effect in 4T1‐tumor‐bearing mice.
On the effects of the flow macro‐scale over sub‐grid modelling in dense gas–solid fluidized flows
Authors: Niaki Seyed R. A. , Mouallem Joseph , Chavez‐Cussy Norman , Milioli Christian C. , Milioli Fernando E.
Published: September 2022

Multiscale modelling of gas–particle fluidized flows is frequently approached by means of sub‐grid modelling, which provides constitutive closures for filtered formulations applied to large scale simulations. A widely practiced procedure for the derivation of sub‐grid models consists of filtering over predictions from highly resolved simulations under two‐fluid modelling. The present work is intended as a contribution in this field by providing new supporting evidence for the enhancement of sub‐grid closure models. Most of the efforts in the area have been directed to providing sub‐grid models dependent on meso‐scale filtered effects alone, and under low gas Reynolds number suspension conditions. In this work, macro‐scale conditions are added to the analysis thereby accounting for flow topology, particularly for dense gas–solid fluidized flows. Two macro‐scale variables are considered in the simulations, namely the domain average solid volume fraction and the domain average gas Reynolds number. So, in addition to the usual meso‐scale filtered markers, relevant filtered parameters are also related to those macro‐scale conditions. The filtered parameters of interest here are the effective interphase drag coefficient and filtered and residual stresses in both of the phases. Various domain average solid volume fractions and domain average gas Reynolds numbers were enforced, thereby providing for a variety of macro‐scale dense conditions. It was found that both these macro‐scale parameters considerably affect the meso‐scale and the resulting filtered parameters of dense gas–solid flows, even though this occurs in a milder way when compared to results for dilute flow conditions available in the literature.
Model reduction of coagulation cascade based on genetic algorithm
Authors: Wang Yan , Luan Jingyang , Luo Kun , Fan Jianren , Zhu Ting
Published: September 2022

Fibrin is an important product of the coagulation cascade, and plays an eminent role in platelet stabilization. Since coagulation cascade models typically involve the reaction kinetics of dozens of proteins, which will incur burdensome computational costs when coupled to blood flow in complex geometries, researchers often ignore this process when constructing thrombosis models. However, previous studies have shown that fundamental aspects of coagulation can be reproduced with simpler models, which motivated us to obtain a reduced‐order model of fibrin generation through a systematic approach. Therefore, we introduced a semi‐automatic framework to perform model‐reduction of cascade reactions in this study, which consisted of two processes. Specifically, the retained protein species and cascade reactions were determined based on published studies and simulation results from the full cascade model, while the optimal reaction rates for the new cascade network were determined using a genetic algorithm. The framework has been applied to a 19‐species coagulation model that triggers fibrin generation in internal fields via reactive boundaries, and a 10‐species reduced‐order model was obtained to reproduce the kinetics of fibrinogenesis in the full cascade model at different boundary tissue factor concentrations. This reduced‐order model of fibrinogenesis would be valuable for thrombosis modeling that considers both the coagulation cascade and platelet activity. Furthermore, the framework proposed herein can also be applied to the reductions of other cascade reaction models.
Mobility Management UAV‐based Grouping routing protocol in flying ad hoc networks for biomedical applications
Authors: Ananthi J. Vijitha , Jose P. Subha Hency
Published: September 2022

Wireless body area networks play a vital role in the medical field by saving human lives. It senses the human body condition and transmits it to the respective doctors. The faster the communication, the sensed data can be transmitted faster and the patients in emergency can be treated on time. Therefore, to increase the speed of communication, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are used in biomedical applications. In this flying ad hoc network, there is a possibility of link failure due to the high mobility of UAV. To overcome this issue, a new routing protocol, Mobility Management UAV‐based Grouping (MMUG), for biomedical data transmission from one ground station to another via UAV is suggested in this research. The UAV creates the grouping system based on the coverage range of the group head. Group head selects the node that lies closer to the ground station. Group head continuously monitors the mobility of the unmanned aerial vehicles that lie in the coverage range and thus helps to maintain the link stability. The mobility issue will be overcome by using this proposed scheme, and it manages the mobility. The mobility management helps to increase the network performance by increasing the delivery rate and throughput and reducing the drop rate and overhead. Simulation results show that this routing protocol achieves 86% delivery rate and 1.95 Mbps throughput and reduces the drop rate by 14%, control overhead by 23%, and routing overhead by 20%. Moreover, this model achieves higher network performance compared to the existing techniques.
Optimization for faster‐than‐Nyquist signaling based combining under multi‐path channel
Authors: Wang Jui Teng
Published: September 2022

We propose a faster‐than‐Nyquist (FTN) signaling based combining scheme to increase the achievable rate for the single‐input‐single‐output (SISO) system and the single‐carrier system under the multi‐path channel, where the combining scheme aims to combine the signals received at all symbol periods during the channel length for each transmitted symbol. An important feature of the FTN signaling based combining scheme is that the transmitter ceases the transmission for b symbol periods after transmitting each symbol. By proposing the optimization algorithm for finding the optimum b that maximizes the achievable (information) rate, we propose in this paper the optimal FTN signaling based combining scheme. We first establish the optimization problem and then present a theorem for proving the existence of the optimum b that maximizes the lower bound of the average achievable (information) rate. On the basis of this theorem, we present the steps of the proposed optimization algorithm. Numerical results are provided, and they confirm that the proposed optimization algorithm can find the optimum b.
Synergistic Tuning of Nickel Cobalt Selenide@Nickel Telluride Core–Shell Heteroarchitectures for Boosting Overall Urea Electrooxidation and Electrochemical Supercapattery
Authors: Khalafallah Diab , Huang Weibo , Zhi Mingjia , Hong Zhanglian
Published: September 2022

Herein, we demonstrate the synthesis of bifunctional nickel cobalt selenide@nickel telluride (NixCo12‐xSe@NiTe) core–shell heterostructures via an electrodeposition approach for overall urea electrolysis and supercapacitors. The 3D vertically orientated NiTe dendritic frameworks induce the homogeneous nucleation of 2D NixCo12‐xSe nanosheet arrays along similar crystal directions and bring a strong interfacial binding between the integrated active components. In particular, the optimized Ni6Co6Se@NiTe with an interface coupling effect works in concert to tune the intrinsic activity. It only needs a low overpotential of 1.33 V to yield a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for alkaline urea electrolysis. Meanwhile, the full urea catalysis driven only by Ni6Co6Se@NiTe achieves 10 mA cm−2 at a potential of 1.38 V and can approach a constant level of the current response for 40 h. Besides, the integrated Ni6Co6Se@NiTe electrode delivers an enhanced specific capacity (223 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1) with a high cycling stability. Consequently, a hybrid asymmetric supercapacitor (HASC) device based on Ni6Co6Se@NiTe exhibits a favorable rate capability and reaches a high energy density of 67.7 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 724.8 W kg−1 with an exceptional capacity retention of 92.4% after sequential 12 000 cycles at 5 A g−1.
Nutritional and sensory properties of low‐fat milk dessert enriched with quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) Titicaca protein isolate
Authors: Sekhavatizadeh Seyed Saeed , Karimi Abdolhamid , Hosseinzadeh Saeid , Shaviklo Amir Reza , Abedi Mohsen , Mahmoodianfard Hamidreza , Ghaedmohammadi Mohsen
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this work was to investigate the potential production of Titicaca quinoa protein isolated (TQPI) to improve the quality of low‐fat desserts. In this study, low‐fat desserts incorporating TQPI (0, 1%, 3%, and 5%) were produced. The results indicated that as TQPI increased, protein content, acidity, b*, hardness, and water‐holding capacity (WHC) increased. Dessert containing 5% TQPI exhibited the highest values of hardness (63.23 ± 1.46 g), adhesiveness (0.88 ± 0.19), gumminess (67.30 ± 1.41 g), chewiness (11.41 ± 0.46 mJ), protein content (18.09%), b*(20.75), WHC (50.65%), and acidity (25.9 °D) on the 21st day of the storage time. TQPI (1%) gave a better effect on taste, texture, and total acceptability in comparison with other fortified desserts. Electron microscopy shows that the fortified dessert containing 5% TQPI had a stronger network than the others. It can be concluded that desserts containing 1% TQPI presented a very good response as a potential new dairy product based on sensory properties.
Better ways to test for herding
Authors: Wang Junkai , Hudson Robert
Published: September 2022

In this article, we outline problems with the standard test for herding developed by Chang, Cheng and Kohrana (2000), subsequently called the CCK test, which is based on the proposition that the cross‐sectional absolute deviation of stock returns (CSAD) should be linearly related to overall market returns. We show that the test is highly biased against finding herding. The bias arises because the test assumes that, in the absence of herding, stock prices follow the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) but does not account for the implications of the CAPM not being a perfect asset pricing model. We suggest several simple alternative tests for herding. Finally, we show that the new tests give radically different results to the CCK test finding herding in many of the world's major financial markets when the CCK test rejects herding.
How official TV news affect public inflation expectations? Evidence from the Chinese national broadcaster China Central Television
Authors: Xu Yingying , Liu Zhixin , Chen Jingjing , Salem Sultan
Published: September 2022

A burgeoning literature supports the effect of media coverage on public inflation expectations but ignores televised reports, particularly official TV news. Using bootstrap Granger non‐causality tests, this study demonstrates time‐varying causalities from the Chinese national broadcaster China Central Television (CCTV) reports to households' inflation expectations during 2014Q1–2015Q4 and 2017Q1–2018Q4 with positive effects. This indicates that official TV news leads inflation expectations. Furthermore, positive causalities from CCTV reports to the expectation heterogeneity also exist, thus meaning that more official reports may exacerbate the disagreement among households' expectations, thereby contributing to the macroeconomic instability. The content conflict is a possible reason for the positive effect of CCTV reports on the inflation expectation disagreement of households.
Palmatine ameliorates LPS‐induced HT‐22 cells and mouse models of depression by regulating apoptosis and oxidative stress
Authors: Pei Hongyan , Zeng Jianning , He Zhongmei , Zong Ying , Zhao Yan , Li Jianming , Chen Weijia , Du Rui
Published: September 2022

Depression is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders that is characterized by low mood, lack of motivation, slow thinking, and recurrent suicidal thoughts. The mechanism of action of palmatine in depression has been rarely reported and remains unclear. The present study examined the neuroprotective effects of palmatine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and depression‐like behavior. In this study, cell apoptosis was evaluated by CCK‐8, flow cytometry, and Hoechst 33258 staining in LPS‐induced HT‐22 cells. Meanwhile, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential were detected in vitro. In vivo, we investigated depressive‐like behaviors in mice by an open field test (OFT) and elevated plus‐maze test (EPM). Additionally, the levels of superoxide dismutases (SOD), TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The hematoxylin‐eosin staining and TUNEL staining were used to evaluate the pathology of the hippocampus. The expression of Nrf2/HO‐1 and BAX/Bcl‐2 pathways in the hippocampus were assessed by Western blot analysis. Palmatine could significantly reduce apoptosis and ROS levels, and improve mitochondrial damage. Moreover, palmatine significantly improves movement time and central square crossing time in OFT, and improves open arms and movement time in EMP. And the levels of SOD, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 were significantly decreased after palmatine treatment. More importantly, palmatine improved neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus, and depression through BAX/Bcl‐2 and Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathways. We provide evidence that palmatine further alleviates the depressive‐like behavior of LPS‐induced by improving apoptosis and oxidative stress.
Integrative bioinformatic analysis identified IFIT3 as a novel regulatory factor in psoriasis
Authors: Li Xizhe , Zhou Wolong , Wang Dan
Published: September 2022

Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin disease with poor prognosis. Currently, there is no cure for psoriasis and the pathogenic mechanism of psoriasis remains unclear. Our study aims to explore key regulators underlying psoriasis and potential targets for psoriasis treatment. RNA‐seq data of psoriasis and normal tissues were extracted from Gene Expression Omnibus database to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted to identify key gene modules correlated with psoriasis. Enrichment analysis was used to characterize identified genes. The expression of identified genes was verified in a data set with various types of psoriasis lesion tissues and six psoriasis and healthy control tissues by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry assays. And the biological functions of IFIT3 in keratinocytes were determined by colony formation assays, Cell Counting Kit‐8, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. A total of 594 overlapped genes (370 upregulated and 224 downregulated) were selected as DEGs between psoriasis and normal tissues in three independent data sets. These genes were enriched in interferon‐related pathway and cytokine‐related pathway. Weighted correlation network analysis identified several gene modules that were associated with psoriasis. Overlapped genes between gene modules and DEGs were associated with interferon‐related pathway and T cell activities. Among these genes, OAS1, USP18, and IFIT3 had higher expression levels in psoriasis vulgaris (PV) and nonpustular palmoplantar psoriasis (NPPP) tissues but not Palmoplantar Pustular Psoriasis (PPPP). Meanwhile, these results were confirmed in our independent psoriasis tissue cohort. And results of in vitro experiments showed that inhibition of IFIT3 significantly impaired the proliferation capacity and CXCL1, CCL20, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 secretion of keratinocytes. Our study identified key genes and pathways underlying the pathogenesis of psoriasis through the conduct of integrated analysis. OAS1, USP18, and IFIT3 could be potential targets for the treatment of psoriasis. IFIT3 can promote the proliferation and immune activation of keratinocytes and facilitates the development of psoriasis.
Stability and bonding of carbon(0)‐iron−N2 complexes relevant to nitrogenase co‐factor: EDA‐NOCV analyses
Authors: Gorantla Sai Manoj N. V. T. , Karnamkkott Harsha S. , Arumugam Selvakumar , Mondal Sangita , Mondal Kartik Chandra
Published: September 2022

The factors/structural features which are responsible for the binding, activation and reduction of N2 to NH3 by FeMoco of nitrogenase have not been completely understood well. Several relevant model complexes by Holland et al. and Peters et al. have been synthesized, characterized and studied by theoretical calculations. For a matter of fact, those complexes are much different than real active N2‐binding Fe‐sites of FeMoco, which possesses a central C(4‐) ion having an eight valence electrons as an μ6‐bridge. Here, a series of [(S3C(0))Fe(II/I/0)‐N2]n‐ complexes in different charged/spin states containing a coordinated σ‐ and π‐donor C(0)‐atom which possesses eight outer shell electrons [carbone, (Ph3P)2C(0); Ph3P→C(0)←PPh3] and three S‐donor sites (i.e. ‐S‐Ar), have been studied by DFT, QTAIM, and EDA‐NOCV calculations. The effect of the weak field ligand on Fe‐centres and the subsequent N2‐binding has been studied by EDA‐NOCV analysis. The role of the oxidation state of Fe and N2‐binding in different charged and spin states of the complex have been investigated by EDA‐NOCV analyses. The intrinsic interaction energies of the Fe−N2 bond are in the range from −42/−35 to −67 kcal/mol in their corresponding ground states. The S3C(0) donor set is argued here to be closer to the actual coordination environment of one of the six Fe‐centres of nitrogenase. In comparison, the captivating model complexes reported by Holland et al. and Peter et al. possess a stronger π‐acceptor C‐ring (S2Cring donor, π‐C donor) and stronger donor set like CP3 (σ‐C donor) ligands, respectively.
More than one way to say I love you: An Internet‐based intervention for training flexible thinking in romantic relationships
Authors: Silverman Alexandra L. , Fua Karl Cheng‐Heng , Teachman Bethany A.
Published: September 2022

Objectives

This study developed and pilot‐tested an adaptation of Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) to target two aspects of relational flexibility in couples: the ability to generate alternative perspectives, and the ability to respond nondefensively when alternative partner perspectives are raised within challenging relationship situations (referred to as flexibility in partner perspectives).

Methods

CBM‐FlexC training materials were developed in Phase 1, and expert users (N = 4) and end‐point users (N = 7) provided qualitative feedback. Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of CBM‐FlexC were evaluated in Phase 2, using an online sample of distressed couples (N = 18). Using a multiple baseline design, participants completed three baseline assessments, six CBM‐FlexC sessions over 2 weeks, and a 1‐month follow‐up.

Results

CBM‐FlexC training resulted in greater flexibility in partner perspectives, relationship satisfaction, and general psychological flexibility compared to baseline, and improvements were maintained 1‐month after training when using mixed‐effects models. However, analyses of reliable change (based on graphical inspection and the Reliable Change Index) indicated that most participants did not experience reliable improvement in flexibility in partner perspectives, or relationship satisfaction.

Conclusion

This pilot study provides some positive signals regarding the potential efficacy of CBM‐FlexC, while pointing to the need for further development to strengthen its effects.
Witnessing racism against racial minority individuals online and loneliness among White emerging adults: Anti‐racism advocacy as a moderator
Authors: Keum Brian TaeHyuk , Waters Emily M. , Wong Michele J. , Salim‐Eissa Rangeena
Published: September 2022

Extant literature suggests that racism is associated with difficult emotional reactions and feelings of social disconnect among White individuals. These feelings of social disconnect may be particularly salient in today's digital era in which racism against racial minority individuals is conveniently and frequently witnessed via online platforms. Thus, we examined whether witnessing racism online may be associated with feelings of loneliness among White emerging adults. We also tested whether anti‐racism advocacy buffered loneliness given its potential for relationship building and community organizing to promote racial justice and equity. Using data from 227 White emerging adults (Mage = 20.86, SD = 4.82), we conducted a latent moderated structural equation modeling to test individual and institutional anti‐racism advocacy as moderators in the link between witnessing racism online (racial victimization of racial minority individuals in online interactions and online content on cultural devaluation/systemic racism against racial minority individuals) and loneliness. Greater exposure to online content on systemic racism and cultural devaluation of racial minority groups significantly predicted greater loneliness. Engagement in individual anti‐racism advocacy (mean to high levels) buffered this link. White allies must engage in anti‐racism practice to address racism in our society, and our findings advance our understanding of the associated psychosocial costs. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Multimodal ultrasound imaging: A method to improve the accuracy of diagnosing thyroid TI‐RADS 4 nodules
Authors: Han Zhengyang , Huang Yuanjing , Wang Honghu , Chu Zhaoyang
Published: September 2022

Thyroid nodule is a common and frequently occurring disease in the neck in recent years, and ultrasound has become the preferred imaging diagnosis method for thyroid nodule due to its advantages of noninvasive, nonradiation, real‐time, and repeatable. The thyroid imaging, reporting and data system (TI‐RADS) classification standard scores suspicious nodules that are difficult to determine benign and malignant as grade 4, and further pathological puncture is recommended clinically, which may lead to a large number of unnecessary biopsies and operations. Including conventional ultrasound, ACR TI‐RADS, shear wave elastography, super microvascular imaging, contrast enhanced ultrasound, “firefly,” artificial intelligence, and multimodal ultrasound imaging used in combination. In order to identify the most clinically significant malignant tumors when reducing invasive operations. This article reviews the application and research progress of multimodal ultrasound imaging in the diagnosis of TI‐RADS 4 thyroid nodules.
Morphometric analysis of the elasmobranch olfactory rosette
Authors: Clark Aubrey , Porter Marianne , Meredith Tricia
Published: September 2022

The olfactory rosettes of elasmobranchs vary in shape and structure among species, but the functional consequences of this diversity are unresolved. Our goal was to quantify rosette morphology on dissected as well as diffusible iodine‐based contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (diceCT)‐imaged specimens to analyze the drivers of observed trends in a phylogenetic context and compare the methodologies. We hypothesized that lamellar count and rosette shape (fineness ratio) would not scale with animal size, but other rosette size variables would scale positively. We dissected rosettes from 14 elasmobranch species and collected morphometric data (fineness ratio, lamellar count, interlamellar distance, lamellar thickness, and raphe width). A subset of rosettes (five species) was used to analyze the effects of body size, while all 14 species were used for a phylogenetic principal component analysis (pPCA). We found that fineness ratio and lamellar counts varied significantly among species, and were positively correlated. The first two principal components of the pPCA explained 82% of the variation, with fineness ratio and lamellar count contributing most to the loadings, respectively. DiceCT was used for in situ imaging of four species of Carcharhiniformes. There were no significant differences between rosette structure or volume when comparing values from dissected specimens to values from in situ specimens obtained using diceCT. We also quantified the volume of the excurrent channel in the olfactory capsule. These data add to our understanding of how olfactory organ shape varies among species and can be used to create three‐dimensional models for future olfactory hydrodynamic studies.
The Vitruvian spider: Segmenting and integrating over different body parts to describe ecophenotypic variation
Authors: Bellvert Adrià , Roca‐Cusachs Marcos , Tonzo Vanina , Arnedo Miquel A. , Kaliontzopoulou Antigoni
Published: September 2022

Understanding what drives the existing phenotypic variability has been a major topic of interest for biologists for generations. However, the study of the phenotype may not be straightforward. Indeed, organisms may be interpreted as composite objects, comprising different ecophenotypic traits, which are neither necessarily independent from each other nor do they respond to the same evolutionary pressures. For this reason, a deep biological understanding of the focal organism is essential for any morphological analysis. The spider genus Dysdera provides a particularly well‐suited system for setting up protocols for morphological analyses that encompass a suit of morphological structures in any nonmodel system. This genus has undergone a remarkable diversification in the Canary Islands, where different species perform different ecological roles, exhibiting different levels of trophic specialization or troglomorphic adaptations, which translate into a remarkable interspecific morphological variability. Here, we seek to develop a broad guide, of which morphological characters must be considered, to study the effect of different ecological pressures in spiders and propose a general workflow that will be useful whenever researchers set out to investigate variation in the body plans of different organisms, with data sets comprising a set of morphological traits. We use geometric morphometric methods to quantify variation in different body structures, all of them with diverse phenotypic modifications in their chelicera, prosoma, and legs. We explore the effect of analyzing different combined landmark (LM) configurations of these characters and the degree of morphological integration that they exhibit. Our results suggest that different LM configurations of each of these body parts exhibit a higher degree of integration compared to LM configurations from different structures and that the analysis of each of these body parts captures different aspects of morphological variation, potentially related to different ecological factors.