bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Durability of Titanium Implants Following Type II Thyroplasty for Adductor Type Spasmodic Dysphonia
Authors: Toya Yutaka , Hiroshiba Shinya
Published: April 2023

Objective

To determine the durability of current titanium implants (TI) used in voice improvement surgery for adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD), which is type II thyroplasty (T2T), and identify the effects of their fractures on vocal functions.

Methods

A total of 36 ADSD patients who underwent T2T had the following exams: The CT scans of the larynx were performed 1 year after the surgery to assess the fractures of TI. The improvement in the mean voice handicap index 10 (VHI‐10) scores and the success rate between nonfractured (NFR) and fractured (FR) groups were compared.

Results

It was indicated that TI was broken in 21 cases (58.3%). In one case (2.7%), a fracture on the part of the bridge that connects both sides of the plates was observed, and fractures at holes placed on the plates in the other 35 cases (55.6%). The mean VHI‐10 score improved from 27.2 ± 8.1 to 11.4 ± 7.9 in the NFR group and from 26.3 ± 4.9 to 9.7 ± 7.9 in the FR group. The success rates were 66.6% in the NFR group and 71.5% in the FR group. No statistical difference was observed in the improvement in the mean VHI‐10 scores, and the success rate between the two groups. However, two cases resulted in failure in the FR group, whereas no worsened case was observed in the NFR group.

Conclusion

The current TI used in T2T has low durability and could result in the worsening of vocal symptoms after the surgery.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 133:3028–3033, 2023
Monitoring soil erosion on field slopes by terrestrial laser scanning and structure‐from‐motion
Authors: Li Pengfei , Ren Fangli , Hu Jinfei , Yan Lu , Hao Mingkui , Liu Lifeng , Gao Jianjian , Dang Tianmin
Published: April 2023

Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and structure‐from‐motion (SfM) photogrammetry are prevalent erosion monitoring techniques. However, their relative performance for field erosion monitoring remained unclear. In the study, five souring experiments were implemented on each of the three plots, consisting of hillslope and gully area, established on field slopes. The input flow for three hillslopes was 25, 55, and 85 L min−1 respectively while that for the gully area was 10 L min−1. TLS and SfM were used to monitor erosion processes, while their performance was assessed using manual measurements. Results showed that TLS and SfM produced generally sound and comparable soil loss estimates, with relative errors (REm) for the cumulative and consecutive sediment yield derived by the two techniques being −24.10% to +84.50% and −29.60% to +73.10% respectively. TLS estimated sediment yield more accurately than SfM for more intensively eroded areas, while the estimation accuracy of TLS was lower than SfM for less intensively eroded areas. On gully slopes, the two techniques broadly captured the spatial pattern of erosion and deposition, with inconsistency/errors emerging on areas with small topographic changes or caves; TLS generally produced more accurate rill length than SfM, with the REm for TLS being −2.18% to −0.16% and the REm for SfM being −7.09% to −1.49% respectively. TLS‐ and SfM‐derived rill networks were broadly consistent (Kappa coefficient was 0.42–0.79) and different in details. The SfM‐ and TLS‐derived level of detection was generally at the same order of magnitude. However, their spatial pattern on hillslopes was rather different, which informed a different erosion monitoring capacity of TLS and SfM on field hillslopes and needs further study. Overall, SfM provides a cost‐effective and powerful alternative to TLS for field erosion monitoring and a combined use of them may produce more satisfactory results.
Advice and perspectives from navigating the couples match in otolaryngology: A qualitative pilot study
Authors: Diaz Ashley , Fenton David , Cardenas Stephanie , Dimitroyannis Rose , Singh Armaan , Blair Elizabeth A. , Farnan Jeanne M. , Shogan Andrea
Published: April 2023

Introduction

There is a lack of qualitative analysis of the personal experiences within Couples Matching. In this qualitative study, we aim to record personal attitudes, reflections, and advice on experiences with the Couples Match process.

Methods

Our survey, consisting of two open‐ended questions regarding the experience of Couples Matching, was distributed from January 2022 to March 2022 via email to 106 otolaryngology program directors across the nation. Survey responses were analyzed iteratively using the constructivist grounded theory to construct themes related to pre‐match priorities, match‐related stressors, and post‐match satisfaction. Themes were developed inductively and refined iteratively as the dataset evolved.

Results

18 Couples Match residents responded. In response to the first question: “What was the most difficult part of the process for you and/or your partner?”, we identified the following themes: cost and financial burden, increased stress on the relationship, sacrificing top choices, and finalizing the match list. In response to the second question: “Using your experience as a previous applicant, what advice would you give to another couple planning on couples matching?”, we identified four common themes: compromise, advocacy, dynamic conversations, and applying broadly.

Conclusion

We sought to understand the Couples Match process through the perspective of previous applicants. Analyzing the views and attitudes of Couples Match applicants, our study captures the most challenging aspects of the experience and highlights possible areas to improve advising for couples, including important factors to consider when applying, ranking, and interviewing.
Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations as a Tool for Unraveling the Impact of Solvent and Temperature on Polymer Topology for Self‐Initiated Butyl Acrylate Radical Polymerizations at High Temperatures
Authors: Mätzig Jonas , Drache Marco , Drache Georg , Beuermann Sabine
Published: April 2023

High‐temperature butyl acrylate polymerizations in bulk and in solution are investigated experimentally and by kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations. The experimental data comprise conversion‐time data, molar mass distributions, and branching levels per polymer chain derived from size‐exclusion chromatography with a multiangle laser light scattering detector. A kMC model is established, which allows for the description of the impact of solvent and temperature on molar mass distribution as well as type and content of macromonomers. Within the study kinetic coefficients for transfer to solvent and the thermal self‐initiation of the monomer are determined according to the Metropolis Hastings algorithm. The kMC simulations provide information, which are otherwise not accessible, for example, the number of branch points per molecule as a function of molar mass or the molar mass distribution of various macromonomer species. Moreover, molar ratios of mid‐chain and chain‐end radicals are at hand for temperatures up to 160°C, which are important for the interpretation of the experimentally and via simulation‐derived polymer topology as a function of molar masses.
Investigation on risk factors of chronic diseases among community residents: A study based on health management systems supported by Mobile phones
Authors: Luo Ru‐zhen , Lu Qi , Sun Yumei , Sun Hongyu , Liu Yan‐hui , Zhao Yue
Published: April 2023

Aim

To explore the physical and mental health status of community residents and to identify the risk factors of chronic diseases.

Design

A cross‐sectional, descriptive correlational study was conducted.

Methods

A total of 579 participants were recruited from 15 communities in Tianjin. The demographic information sheet, 7‐item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD‐7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) were used. Data collection was undertaken based on the health management system on mobile phones from April to May 2019.

Results

Eighty‐four participants of the total number of surveyed were with chronic disease. The incidence of depression and anxiety in participants was 44.2% and 41.3%. Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR = 4.905, 95%CI: 2.619–9.187), religious belief (OR = 0.445, 95%CI: 1.510–11.181) and working condition (OR = 0.161, 95%CI: 0.299–0.664) entered the regression equation. Old age is a risk factor for chronic diseases. No religious belief and working condition are protective factors for chronic diseases.
Domain swapping of the C‐terminal helix promotes the dimerization of a novel ribonuclease protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Kim Do‐Hee , Na Youngseo , Chang Heesun , Boo Jun‐Hyuk , Kang Sung‐Min , Jin Chenglong , Kang Su‐Jin , Lee Su Yeon , Lee Bong‐Jin
Published: April 2023

Polyketide metabolism‐associated proteins in Mycobacterium tuberculosis play an essential role in the survival of the bacterium, which makes them potential drug targets for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). The novel ribonuclease protein Rv1546 is predicted to be a member of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein‐related lipid‐transfer (START) domain superfamily, which comprises bacterial polyketide aromatase/cyclases (ARO/CYCs). Here, we determined the crystal structure of Rv1546 in a V‐shaped dimer. The Rv1546 monomer consists of four α‐helices and seven antiparallel β‐strands. Interestingly, in the dimeric state, Rv1546 forms a helix‐grip fold, which is present in START domain proteins, via three‐dimensional domain swapping. Structural analysis revealed that the conformational change of the C‐terminal α‐helix of Rv1546 might contribute to the unique dimer structure. Site‐directed mutagenesis followed by in vitro ribonuclease activity assays was performed to identify catalytic sites of the protein. This experiment suggested that surface residues R63, K84, K88, and R113 are important in the ribonuclease function of Rv1546. In summary, this study presents the structural and functional characterization of Rv1546 and supplies new perspectives for exploiting Rv1546 as a novel drug target for TB treatment.
Arthropods on grapes benefit more from fungicide reduction than from organic farming
Authors: Reiff Jo Marie , Sudarsan Keerthi , Hoffmann Christoph , Entling Martin H
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND

Pesticides are considered main contributors to global arthropod declines and therefore may decrease the provision of ecosystem services such as natural pest control. Organic farming and cultivating pest‐ and disease‐resistant varieties can allow pesticide applications and their impacts on nontarget organisms and the environment to be reduced. We investigated the effects of organic versus conventional management and fungus‐resistant versus susceptible wine grape varieties on arthropod biodiversity and pest control of grape berry moths in 32 vineyards in the Palatinate region, Germany. Hazard quotients of applied pesticides were calculated for each vineyard.

RESULTS

The cultivation of fungus‐resistant varieties led to significantly reduced hazard quotients and in turn enhanced abundances of natural enemies, particularly theridiid and philodromid spiders. Unexpectedly, organic management resulted in higher hazard quotients than conventional management and reduced numbers of natural enemies, particularly earwigs. Pest predation rates showed no significant differences between grape varieties or management types.

CONCLUSION

Widespread benefits of organic management on arthropod biodiversity found in other crops were absent in our viticultural study region. This is likely due to the dominant role of fungal diseases in viticulture, which requires high numbers of fungicide treatments under both conventional and organic viticulture. Thus, fungicide reduction through the cultivation of fungus‐resistant grape varieties is one key element to fostering the abundance of arthropods in general and beneficial arthropods in particular. Beyond vineyards, this is potentially relevant in numerous other crop types. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Characteristics of tropical–extratropical cloud bands over tropical and subtropical South America simulated by BAM‐1.2 and HadGEM3‐GC3.1
Authors: Zilli Marcia T. , Hart Neil C. G. , Coelho Caio A. S. , Chadwick Robin , de Souza Dayana C. , Kubota Paulo Y. , Figueroa Silvio N. , Cavalcanti Iracema F. A.
Published: April 2023

Tropical–extratropical cloud bands are common in South America (SAm), contributing significantly to the total rainy season precipitation. Thus, it is fundamental that climate and weather forecast models correctly represent them and their associated dynamic aspects. Adopting an event‐based framework, we evaluate the performance of two global models in simulating the observed cloud bands over SAm: the Brazilian Global Atmospheric Model version 1.2 (BAM‐1.2) and the Hadley Centre Global Environment Model in the Global Coupled configuration 3.1 (HadGEM3‐GC3.1). Both models reproduce the main characteristics of cloud bands and the dynamical aspects leading to their development and persistence. Nonetheless, the biases in precipitation during simulated cloud bands contribute more than 50% of the bias in total precipitation in some regions. BAM‐1.2 simulates fewer but more persistent cloud bands than observed; HadGEM3‐GC3.1 simulates weaker cloud band activity during early summer and more persistent events after January than observed. In all models, the biases in cloud band events arise from the interaction between biases in the basic state and the synoptic‐scale regional circulation. In the basic state, stronger upper level westerlies over the midlatitude South Pacific support the propagation of longer and slower Rossby waves towards subtropical SAm, increasing the duration of the cloud band events. This bias interacts with negative biases in the upper level westerlies over subtropical SAm, increasing the wind shear, hindering the propagation of synoptic‐scale Rossby waves into lower latitudes, and resulting in biases in the cloud band location, intensity, and seasonality. The application in this study of an event‐based framework robust to differences in model resolution and complexity enables the identification of small but critical biases in circulation. These biases are linked to synoptic‐scale rainfall system biases and help to explain the season total rainfall model biases.
Towards a new generation of artificial‐intelligence‐based infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer retrievals of surface temperature: Part II – Assessment
Authors: Boucher Eulalie , Aires Filipe
Published: April 2023

When using neural networks (NNs), the lack of input information characterizing the radiative transfer can result in regional biases, especially when retrieving surface properties. In the Part I companion article we explored localization techniques in an attempt to help the NN adjust its behaviour to local conditions. In this article we analyze results from an image‐processing approach, the novel localized convolutional NN (CNN) model for the retrieval of surface temperature (TS) over a fixed domain using infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer (IASI) observations. An in‐depth evaluation is performed. The localized‐CNN architecture is a promising artificial intelligence solution that provides retrievals similar to, if not better than, those of the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites' PWLR3 retrieval algorithm that also uses IASI observations, collocated with microwave data too. This shows the benefits of localizing the CNN retrieval. This image‐processing retrieval scheme allows interpolation of the TS below the clouds, and thus a preliminary analysis of the cloud impact on the TS is performed. The possibility to estimate retrieval uncertainties is investigated, and a practical solution, based on the binning of the input space, is proposed for CNN architectures. The best strategy for a global‐scale retrieval is yet to be found for such an image‐processing scheme, but potential solutions and their respective advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
Research on the health status evaluation method of rolling bearing based on EMD‐GA‐BP
Authors: Liu Yangshuo , Kang Jianshe , Bai Yunjie , Guo Chiming
Published: April 2023

To more accurately evaluate the health state of rolling bearings, this paper proposes a health status evaluation method based on empirical pattern decomposition, genetic algorithm and BP neural network. Firstly, the vibration signal is decomposed by empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and the time domain features of each intrinsic mode function (IMF) component are extracted, and the signal‐to‐noise ratio (Snr) of the signal is improved effectively. Then, the initial threshold and weight of BP neural network are optimized by genetic algorithm, which effectively improves the Snr of the signal. Finally, the extracted features are input into the optimized BP neural network to realize the identification of different states of the bearing. The effectiveness of the method has been effectively verified in the bearing data of Case Western Reserve University bearing dataset and it has higher accuracy and robustness than other common evaluation methods.
Dissection of schistosome tissues under LC–MS compatible preservative conditions for quantitative proteomics
Authors: Neves Leandro Xavier , Wilson R. Alan , Brownridge Philip , Holman Stephen W. , Harman Victoria M. , Eyers Claire E. , Beynon Robert J. , Castro‐Borges William
Published: April 2023

Schistosomes are blood flukes with specialised tissues and organs, each one playing a pivotal role in perpetuating the parasite life cycle. Herein, we describe a detailed methodology for preserving the proteome of adult Schistosoma mansoni worms during manual dissection for enrichment of tissues associated with the parasite's alimentary tract. We provide step‐by‐step directions for specimen storage and dissection while in preservative solution, tissue homogenisation, protein extraction and digestion using a methodology fully compatible with downstream quantitative liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. Our methodology uses label‐free and QconCAT‐based absolute quantification for detection of S. mansoni oesophageal gland products proposed as vaccine candidates. Through stabilisation of the proteome and minimising sample degradation during dissection our approach has allowed us to access the hidden proteome of target tissues not readily available from total lysates because of their small volume. This protocol can be replicated or adapted to other Schistosoma species lacking quantitative proteomics characterisation of specialised tissues for discovery of proteins with potential diagnostic and therapeutic utility.
Lambert‐Eaton myasthenic syndrome with primary thymic marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma: A case report
Authors: Soma Toshihiko , Matsumoto Akira , Shoji Tsuyoshi , Katakura Hiromichi
Published: April 2023

Lambert‐Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is an autoimmune paraneoplastic syndrome with proximal muscle weakness, that often complicates small cell lung cancer. It is known that neurological symptoms do not improve with malignancy treatment alone in many LEMS patients, therefore treatment is often difficult. Since Lambert‐Eaton myasthenic syndrome is a rare disease with a frequency of about 1/100 that of myasthenia gravis, there are only a few case reports on malignancy complications other than small cell lung cancer. We report a LEMS patient in his 40s who was found to have an anterior mediastinal mass. We performed surgical resection and confirmed the diagnosis of primary thymic marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma by pathological diagnosis using immunostaining. Thymectomy and malignant lymphoma treatment with rituximab had no effect on neurological symptoms. The neurological symptoms improved only after we provided comprehensive care with the haematology, neurology, and rehabilitation department.
Physiologic 18F‐FDG muscle uptake in severe COPD: Implications for accurate lung cancer staging
Authors: Yoshida Yuma , Ikeo Satoshi , Yasuda Naoaki , Sakai Yuki , Hayashi Yasuyuki , Sokai Akihiko , Iwata Toshiyuki , Nishimura Takashi
Published: April 2023

Key message

Recognizing physiologic 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in severe COPD is crucial to avoid mistaking it for lung cancer metastasis. Correlating 18F‐FDG avid lesions with co‐registered computed tomography is essential for accurate lung cancer staging and preventing unnecessary interventions.
Studentized permutation method for comparing two restricted mean survival times with small sample from randomized trials
Authors: Ditzhaus Marc , Yu Menggang , Xu Jin
Published: April 2023

Recent observations, especially in cancer immunotherapy clinical trials with time‐to‐event outcomes, show that the commonly used proportional hazard assumption is often not justifiable, hampering an appropriate analysis of the data by hazard ratios. An attractive alternative advocated is given by the restricted mean survival time (RMST), which does not rely on any model assumption and can always be interpreted intuitively. Since methods for the RMST based on asymptotic theory suffer from inflated type‐I error under small sample sizes, a permutation test was proposed recently leading to more convincing results in simulations. However, classical permutation strategies require an exchangeable data setup between comparison groups which may be limiting in practice. Besides, it is not possible to invert related testing procedures to obtain valid confidence intervals, which can provide more in‐depth information. In this paper, we address these limitations by proposing a studentized permutation test as well as respective permutation‐based confidence intervals. In an extensive simulation study, we demonstrate the advantage of our new method, especially in situations with relatively small sample sizes and unbalanced groups. Finally, we illustrate the application of the proposed method by re‐analyzing data from a recent lung cancer clinical trial.
A DFT Study on the Conformation, Properties of the Excited States, and Excimer's Formation of Tetraphenylcyclotetrasiloxane
Authors: Ding Yunqiao , Xu Zhen , Mou Qiuhong , Wang Xingjian , Zhou Chuanjian , Diao Guangzhao
Published: April 2023

The present study performed a DFT study on the conformation dependence of the properties of excited states and the excimer's formation for the tetramethyl tetraphenyl cyclotetrasiloxane. The conformations have little effect on the electronic structure of the ground state. The deformed phenyl group in the geometry of the excited state is the excimer‐forming site. The energetically matched HOMO of the excited state with the LUMO of the ground state should cause an attraction to form an excimer. Most conformations are likely to form the excimer but have different contributions to the excimer formation. The interaction of the ground state with the excited state in the excimer has been described quantitatively, which shows that the most stable intermolecular arrangement is the stacked‐eclipsed mode. The excimers display a broad excitation spectrum. The local excitation type is dominant during the excitation, and the charge transfer contributes to the excimer's stability.
A New Strategy for the Synthesis of Porphyrin and Expanded Porphyrin Derivatives from Di‐ and Tripyrromethanes: Antioxidant, Cytotoxic Activity, and Molecular Docking Evaluation
Authors: Abdel‐Wahed Hend M. , Fadda Ahmed A.
Published: April 2023

We present a novel and effective process for producing porphyrins in the absence of a solvent condition, in contrast to earlier procedures. An aldehyde and pyrrole were condensed by grinding in the presence of an acidic catalyst during the synthetic process. By adjusting reactant molar ratios and concentrations, dipyrromethane 3 and tripyrromethane 4 derivatives, the synthesis was improved at room temperature in 5–10 minutes with excellent yields. In this work, we successfully synthesized a number of novel porphyrin derivatives, 6 b–j. Here, we describe a method for reacting dipyrromethane 3a with various aryl aldehydes 5 b–j while using DMF as a capping agent. Moreover, expanding porphyrin derivatives 7 a, and 7 b were synthesized from the reaction of 4a with aldehydes 5a and 5b at 0 °C. Porphyrin derivatives 6 g and 6 h displayed good antioxidant potential. The cytotoxic activity of compounds 6 h, 6 b, and 6c against the human cell lines HePG‐2 and MCF‐7 were studied. The binding modes of the synthesized compounds were analyzed by docking studies that showed good binding scores against the diverse amino acids of the selected proteins (Bcl‐2). The conducted docking studies were found to be consistent with cytotoxic results.
Ultrasound and Pressure Assisted Solid‐State Polymerization of Carbazole
Authors: Avcı Yayla Işık İpek , Sezer Esma , Ustamehmetoğlu Belkıs
Published: April 2023

This study was carried out with the aim of obtaining polycarbazole (PCz) with solid‐state polymerization by using ultrasound and pressure assisted methods. For ultrasound‐assisted method (U), first, the optimum carbazole (Cz) and cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN) amounts, polymerization time, ultrasound application conditions were determined and then the polymers that are called “PCz‐U#” were characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscobe (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and four‐point prop conductivity measurements. The effect of the applied pressing time during preparation of pellet on the conductivity of PCz‐U was also investigated. Pressure‐assisted polymerization (P) was carried out at these optimum conditions and the resulting polymer was called “PCz‐P#”.

In order to understand the advantage of the ultrasound and pressure assisted methods, conventional polymerization in a solution was also performed at the optimum concentrations of Cz and CAN and the properties of PCz's obtained from three different methods were compared. The conductivities of PCz's obtained in a very short time such as one minute with the ultrasound and pressure assisted methods are at the same level as the conductivity of the polymer (∼10−4 S/cm) obtained by the solution method in 20 minutes using 16 and 35.6 times higher amounds of Cz and CAN, respectively. With this study, two new methods for PCz synthesis have been proposed, which are suitable for VOC limitation as no solvent is used in and environmentally friendly because less chemicals are used.
((E)‐N′(3,5‐di‐tert‐butil‐2‐hedroxybenzilidene)‐2‐hydroxybenzohydrazide (H3sahz)2 Copper (II) Complex: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, in silico Evaluations, and Enzymatic Inhibition
Authors: Fatullayeva Perizad Amrulla , Mejidov Ajdar Akper , Safronenko Marina Gennadievna , Nikolayevich Khrustalev Victor , Yalcin Bahaddin , Sadeghian Nastaran , Sadeghi Morteza , Taslimi Parham
Published: April 2023

In this study, (E)‐N′(3,5‐di‐tert‐butil‐2‐hedroxybenzilidene)‐2‐hydroxybenzohydrazide (H3sahz)2 and its copper (II) complex has been synthesized and evaluated by methods FTIR, UV–Vis, EPR, and single crystal X‐ray analysis. It has been shown, that H3sahz crystallizes as a dimer through hydrogen bonds. H3sahz with copper nitrate forms [Cu(H2sahz)(NO3)(H2O)] complex, which according to X‐ray diffraction analysis has a distorted square pyramidal structure. The complex was screened for α‐glucosidase (α‐Glu), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory abilities. Results displayed that IC50 and Ki values of the novel complex for AChE, BChE, and α‐Glu enzymes were obtained at 0.93–2.14, 1.01–2.03, and 73.86–102.65 μM, respectively. The molecular docking outcomes have shown that the synthetic complex has a lower affinity for α‐glucosidase compared to acarbose. But the inhibition ability of H3sahz for acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes was greater than that of tacrine. These findings indicate that the (H3sahz)2 complex may be considered a possible candidate for the development and discovery of compounds effective in inhibiting the relevant enzymes.
Governing crowdsourcing for unconstrained innovation problems
Authors: Zaggl Michael A. , Malhotra Arvind , Alexy Oliver , Majchrzak Ann
Published: April 2023

Research Summary

Theories of crowdsourced search suggest that firms should limit the search space from which solutions to the problem may be drawn by constraining the problem definition. In turn, problems that are not or cannot be constrained should be tackled through other means of innovation. We propose that unconstrained problems can be crowdsourced, but firms need to govern the crowds differently. Specifically, we hypothesize that firms should govern crowds for solving unconstrained problems by instructing them not just to solve the problem but also to help (re)define the problem by offering their problem frames and integrating others' frames. We find evidence for this interaction hypothesis in a field study of over a thousand participants in 20 different crowdsourcing events with interventions for the different governance approaches.

Managerial Summary

Unconstrained innovation problems, which require finding a new product and a new market at the same time, are thought to be difficult to solve via crowdsourcing. We propose and test a governance approach for problem‐finding, that is, (re)defining the firm's original problem statement by instructing crowds to make their problem frames explicit (by posting them) and to integrate others’ problem frames into their solution ideas. In doing so, we provide guidance for firms hoping to use crowdsourcing for both unconstrained and constrained problems. For constrained problems, as widely known, firms should govern for problem‐solving only; for unconstrained problems, they should govern for problem‐finding and problem‐solving. Both forms of governance are “light‐touch,” requiring only minimal intervention in the form of instructions for the crowd at the beginning of the crowdsourcing event.
Battery‐Free, Wireless, Cuff‐Type, Multimodal Physical Sensor for Continuous Temperature and Strain Monitoring of Nerve
Authors: Kim Seunghwan , Oh Yong Suk , Lee Kwanghyoung , Kim Seongchan , Maeng Woo‐Youl , Kim Kyung Su , Kim Ga‐Been , Cho Seokjoo , Han Hyeonseok , Park Hyunwoo , Wang Mengqiu , Avila Raudel , Xie Zhaoqian , Ko Kabseok , Choi Jungrak , Je Minkyu , Lee Hyojin , Lee Sungho , Koo Jahyun , Park Inkyu
Published: April 2023

Peripheral nerve injuries cause various disabilities related to loss of motor and sensory functions. The treatment of these injuries typically requires surgical operations for improving functional recovery of the nerve. However, capabilities for continuous nerve monitoring remain a challenge. Herein, a battery‐free, wireless, cuff‐type, implantable, multimodal physical sensing platform for continuous in vivo monitoring of temperature and strain from the injured nerve is introduced. The thin, soft temperature, and strain sensors wrapped around the nerve exhibit good sensitivity, excellent stability, high linearity, and minimum hysteresis in relevant ranges. In particular, the strain sensor integrated with circuits for temperature compensation provides reliable, accurate strain monitoring with negligible temperature dependence. The system enables power harvesting and data communication to wireless, multiple implanted devices wrapped around the nerve. Experimental evaluations, verified by numerical simulations, with animal tests, demonstrate the feasibility and stability of the sensor system, which has great potential for continuous in vivo nerve monitoring from an early stage to complete regeneration.
Teaching undergraduate students to think like real‐world systems engineers: A technology‐based hybrid learning approach
Authors: Ghannam Rami , Chan Cecilia
Published: April 2023

A hybrid teaching approach that relied on combining Project Based Learning with Team Based Learning was developed in an engineering module during the past 5 years. Our motivation was to expose students to real‐world authentic engineering problems and to steer them away from the classical banking approach, with a view to developing their systems engineering skills via collaborative learning. Our third year module was called Team Design and Project Skills and was concerned with 320 students dividing themselves in teams to develop a smart electronics system. We reveal module design details and discuss the effectiveness of our teaching approach via analysis of student grades during the past 5 years, as well as data from surveys that were completed by 68 students. 64% of surveyed students agreed that the module helped broaden their perspective in electronic systems design. Moreover, 84% recognized that this module was a valuable component in their degree programme. Adopting this approach in an engineering curriculum enabled students to integrate knowledge in areas that included control systems, image processing, embedded systems, sensors, as well as team working, decision making, trouble shooting and project planning.
Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone GRP78 participates in fluoride‐induced autophagy in LS8 cells by regulating the IRE1‐TRAF2‐JNK pathway
Authors: Zhao Lin , Wang Liyuan , Wang Han , Xi Tao , Liu Sijia , Li Yang , Ruan Jianping , Huang Yongqing
Published: April 2023

Fluoride induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in ameloblasts, which is responsible for enamel mineralization disorder. Fluoride induces autophagy in ameloblasts, but the molecular mechanisms through which ameloblasts respond to fluoride‐induced cellular stress and autophagy remain unclear. This study investigated ER stress‐induced autophagy and the regulatory role of the ER molecular chaperone GRP78 in fluoride‐induced autophagy in ameloblast LS8 cells. To explore the relationship between fluoride‐induced ER stress and autophagy, we assessed changes in fluoride‐induced autophagy in LS8 cells following overexpression and/or silencing of the ER stress molecular chaperone GRP78. We found that autophagy induced by fluoride was further increased after GRP78 overexpression in LS8 cells. Fluoride‐induced autophagy was reduced in GRP78‐silenced LS8 cells. Furthermore, we found that ER stress can regulate autophagy in fluoride‐treated ameloblasts (LS8 cells) and that the GRP78/IRE1/TRAF2/JNK pathway is involved in the underlying regulation. Our study suggests that ER stress plays a role in fluoride‐induced damage by inducing ameloblast autophagy.
Remarkable effects of silicone rubber on flame retardant property and mechanical properties of crosslinked high‐density polyethylene/bio‐based magnesium phosphate flame retardant (MHPA) composite
Authors: Feng Xi , Wang Zhengyu , Ma Hongli , Dang Bo , Li Jianxi
Published: April 2023

In this paper, a new bio‐based flame retardant MHPA was prepared by the reaction of magnesium hydroxide (MH) and phytic acid (PA). Then the crosslinked high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) flame‐retardant composite was prepared by adding it and silicone rubber (SR) into HDPE and using electron beam irradiation. The test results of limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimeter test (CCT) show that the combination of MHPA and SR can increase the flame retardancy and smoke suppression performance of HDPE. The LOI of HDPE composite with 10 parts of SR is 28.3%, and its pHRR, THR and TSP values are reduced to 454.1 kW/m2, 99.7 MJ/m2 and 8.3 m2, respectively, which is because MHPA and SR jointly promote the formation of continuous and high‐density carbon slag in the combustion process of HDPE and inhibit the penetration of flame. In addition, the HDPE composite with 10 parts of SR has significant tensile strength, elongation breaking strength and tear strength, because SR can produce continuous stable structure with HDPE after irradiation and crosslinking. Therefore, this study verified that MHPA and SR together can effectively improve the flame retardancy, smoke suppression and mechanical properties of HDPE composite.
3 Global productivity trends: Reviving growth through the digital economy?
Authors: Samaan Daniel , Martinez Miguel Sanchez
Published: April 2023

This Chapter provides an overview of the current state of productivity growth across regions of the world. It showcases the generalized nature of the global productivity slowdown and the close relationship between productivity and various social justice indicators. It explores some of the drivers behind the observed stagnation, including labour market factors. Finally, a number of policy messages stemming from the analyses presented are provided.
Regulation
Authors: Germann Cornel
Published: April 2023

Chapter 2 elucidates the Swiss Code of Obligations (CO), the SIX Corporate Governance Directive (DCG), the Financial Market Supervisory Authority Circulars (FINMA Circulars), the Swiss Code of Best Practice (SCBP), and background on the election as chairperson to the board of directors.
CFT duals for black rings and black strings
Authors: Chanson Alexandra , Martin Victoria , Rodriguez Maria J. , Temoche Luis Fernando
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Holographic dualities between certain gravitational theories in four and five spacetime dimensions and 2D conformal field theories (CFTs) have been proposed based on hidden conformal symmetry exhibited by the radial Klein-Gordon (KG) operator in a so-called near-region limit. In this paper, we examine hidden conformal symmetry of black rings and black strings solutions, thus demonstrating that the presence of hidden conformal symmetry is not linked to the separability of the KG-equation (or the existence of a Killing-Yano tensor). Further, we will argue that these classes of non-extremal black holes have a dual 2D CFT. New revised monodromy techniques are developed to encompass all the cases we consider.
Flat equivariant gerbes: holonomies and dualities
Authors: Cheng Peng , Melnikov Ilarion V. , Minasian Ruben
Published: April 2023

Abstract

We examine the role of global topological data associated to choices of holonomy for flat gauge fields in string compactification. Our study begins with perturbative string compactification on compact flat manifolds preserving 8 supercharges in 5 dimensions. By including non-trivial holonomy for Wilson lines in the heterotic string and for the B-field gerbe in the type II string we find worldsheet dualities that relate these backgrounds to other string compactifications. While our simple examples allow for explicit analysis, the concepts and some of the methods extend to a broader class of compactifications and have implications for string dualities, perturbative and otherwise.
Exceptional sequences in the derived category of a gentle algebra
Authors: Chang Wen , Schroll Sibylle
Published: April 2023

In this paper, using the correspondence of gentle algebras and dissections of marked surfaces, we study full exceptional sequences in the perfect derived category $${{\,\mathrm{\mathsf {K^b(A)}}\,}}$$

K
b

(
A
)

of a gentle algebra $${{\,\mathrm{\textsf{A}}\,}}$$

A

. We show that full exceptional sequences in $${{\,\mathrm{\mathsf {K^b(A)}}\,}}$$

K
b

(
A
)

exist if and only if the associated marked surface has no punctures and has at least two marked points on the boundary. Furthermore, by using induction on cuts of surfaces, we characterize when an exceptional sequence can be completed to a full exceptional sequence. If the genus of the associated surface is zero then we show that the action of the braid group together with the grading shift on full exceptional sequences in $${{\,\mathrm{\mathsf {K^b(A)}}\,}}$$

K
b

(
A
)

is transitive. For the case of surfaces of higher genus, we reduce the problem of transitivity to the problem of the existence of certain sequences of pairs of exceptional objects. Finally, we interpret the duality of a full exceptional sequence induced by the longest element in the associated symmetric group using Koszul duality.
Development of a 5-HT7 receptor antibody for the rat: the good, the bad, and the ugly
Authors: Thompson Janice M. , Tragge Will , Flood Emma D. , Schulz Stefan , Lisabeth Erika , Watts Stephanie W.
Published: April 2023

Our laboratory has a vested interest in measuring the location and expression of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) 7 (5-HT7) receptor in the rat. Determining tissue-specific receptor expression would aid in validating understood and potentially new tissues that support the 5-HT7 receptor-mediated fall in blood pressure, an event we are committed to understand. We contracted with 7TM Antibodies to develop deliberately and rigorously a rat 5-HT7 (r5-HT7) receptor specific antibody. Three antigens, two targeting the third internal loop and one the C terminus, were used in three rabbits to generate antibodies. As a positive control, HEK293(T or AD) cells were transfected with a plasmid for the r5-HT7 receptor also expressing a C terminus 3xFLAG tag. Naïve rat tissues were also used in Western and immunohistochemical analyses. Nine antibodies (3 from three different rabbits) detected a ~ 75 kDa protein absent in homogenates of vector control HEK293T cells. Only antibodies that recognized the C terminus of the 5-HT7 receptor [ERPERSEFVLQNSDH(Abu)GKKGHDT; antibodies 3, 6, and 9] positively and concentration-dependently identified the r5-HT7 receptor expressed in Westerns of transfected HEK293T cells. These same C terminus antibodies also successfully detected the r5-HT7 receptor in immunocytochemical test of the transfected HEK293AD cells, colocalizing with the detected FLAG sequence. In naive tissue, antibody 6 performed the best, identifying specific bands in the brain cortex in Western analysis. These same antibodies produced a more diverse band profile in the vena cava, identifying 6 major proteins. In immunohistochemical experiments, the same C-terminus antibodies, with antibody 3 performing the best, detected the 5-HT7 receptor in rat veins. This deliberate work has given rise to at least three antibodies that can be used with good confidence in r5-HT7 transfected cells, two antibodies that can be used in immunohistochemical analyses of rat tissues and in Westerns of rat brain; we are less confident of the use of these same antibodies in rat veins.
Laparoscopic deroofing of simple liver cysts: do ancillary techniques, surgical devices, and indocyanine green improve outcomes?
Authors: Kersik Alessia , Galassi Luca , Colombo Giulia , Bonavina Luigi
Published: April 2023

Background

Giant liver cysts causing compression symptoms require surgical therapy. Laparoscopy is nowadays considered the first-line approach and has been shown to be non-inferior to open surgery. Ancillary techniques and novel technologies may have the potential to reduce complications rates and improve long-term outcomes.

Methods

The management of a female patient with a giant and symptomatic liver cyst is reported, as is a literature search in PubMed and Scopus spanning the past two decades, with the aim of assessing current evidence regarding procedural details of laparoscopic deroofing.

Results

Wide laparoscopic deroofing of a 21-cm liver cyst arising from segment 6 was safely performed under indocyanine green fluorescence imaging using a combination of ultrasonic energy excision and stapling. A contemporary literature review showed that only 22 of the 35 publications included details of the surgical procedure. Ancillary techniques such as omentopexy, argon plasma coagulation, monopolar radiofrequency device ablation, and ethanol sclerotherapy were rarely used (10.8% of patients). Use of energy devices and/or linear staplers was reported in 22 (62.8%) studies. Indocyanine green fluorescence was reported in 4 (11.4%) studies.

Conclusion

The case report and the literature review show that wide laparoscopic deroofing of giant liver cysts is an effective and relatively simple procedure. Use of emerging technology such as indocyanine green fluorescence imaging can further enhance precision surgery and minimize complications and long-term recurrence rates.
Syndecan-4 Functionalization Reduces the Thrombogenicity of Engineered Vascular Biomaterials
Authors: Wu Yidi , Wagner William D.
Published: April 2023

Blood–biomaterial compatibility is essential for tissue repair especially for endovascular biomaterials where small-diameter vessel patency and endothelium formation is crucial. To address this issue, a composite biomaterial termed PFC fabricated from poly (glycerol sebacate), silk fibroin, and collagen was used to determine if functionalization with syndecan-4 (SYN4) would reduce thrombogenesis through the action of heparan sulfate. The material termed, PFC_SYN4, has structure and composition similar to native arterial tissue and has been reported to facilitate the binding and differentiation of endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs). In this study, the hemocompatibility of PFC_SYN4 was evaluated and compared with non-functionalized PFC, electrospun collagen, ePTFE, and bovine pericardial patch (BPV). Ultrastructurally, platelets were less activated when cultured on PFC and PFC_SYN4 compared to collagen where extensive platelet degranulation was observed. Quantitatively, 31% and 44% fewer platelets adhered to PFC_SYN4 compared to non-functionalized PFC and collagen, respectively. Functionalization of PFC resulted in reduced levels of complement activation compared to PFC, collagen, and BPV. Whole blood clotting times indicated that PFC_SYN4 was less thrombogenic compared with PFC, collagen, and BPV. These results suggest that syndecan-4 functionalization of blood-contacting biomaterials provides a novel solution for generating a reduced thrombogenic surface.
Identification of IPT9 in Brachiaria brizantha (syn. Urochloa brizantha) and expression analyses during ovule development in sexual and apomictic plants
Authors: Ferreira Luciana G. , Dusi Diva M. A. , Irsigler André S. T. , Gomes Ana C. M. M. , Florentino Lilian H. , Mendes Marta A. , Colombo Lucia , Carneiro Vera T. C.
Published: April 2023

Background

In Brachiaria sexual reproduction, during ovule development, a nucellar cell differentiates into a megaspore mother cell (MMC) that, through meiosis and mitosis, gives rise to a reduced embryo sac. In aposporic apomictic Brachiaria, next to the MMC, other nucellar cells differentiate into aposporic initials that enter mitosis directly forming an unreduced embryo sac. The IPT (isopentenyltransferase) family comprises key genes in the cytokinin (CK) pathway which are expressed in Arabidopsis during ovule development. BbrizIPT9, a B. brizantha (syn. Urochloa brizantha) IPT9 gene, highly similar to genes of other Poaceae plants, also shows similarity with Arabidopsis IPT9, AtIPT9. In this work, we aimed to investigate association of BbrizIPT9 with ovule development in sexual and apomictic plants.

Methods and results

RT-qPCR showed higher BbrizIPT9 expression in the ovaries of sexual than in the apomictic B. brizantha. Results of in-situ hybridization showed strong signal of BbrizIPT9 in the MMC of both plants, at the onset of megasporogenesis. By analyzing AtIPT9 knockdown mutants, we verified enlarged nucellar cell, next to the MMC, in a percentage significantly higher than in the wild type, suggesting that knockout of AtIPT9 gene triggered the differentiation of extra MMC-like cells.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that AtIPT9 might be involved in the proper differentiation of a single MMC during ovule development. The expression of a BbrizIPT9, localized in male and female sporocytes, and lower in apomicts than in sexuals, and effect of IPT9 knockout in Arabidopsis, suggest involvement of IPT9 in early ovule development.