bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cluster Preface: Biomimetic Synthesis
Authors: Deng Jun , Tang Yefeng
Published: February 2024

Jun Deng (left) received his B.Sc. from Lanzhou University and his Ph.D. from the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (2014) with Professor Ang Li. After a short period of postdoctoral research in the lab of Professor Andrew Myers at Harvard University (2014–2016), he was appointed a Pioneer ‘Hundred Talents Program’ Researcher at Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2017. In December 2020, he moved to Nankai University where he is a professor at the College of Chemistry. He received the Thieme Journals Award (2020). His research focuses on natural product total synthesis and medicinal chemistry.

Yefeng Tang (right) earned his B.S. from Lanzhou University (1995–1999) and his M.S. from the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science (1999–2002). From 2003 to 2006, he pursued his Ph.D. under the guidance of Professor Zhen Yang and Professor Jiahua Chen at Peking University. Subsequently, he conducted postdoctoral research with Prof. K. C. Nicolaou at The Scripps Research Institute between 2006 and 2009. In 2010, he commenced his independent career at the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, where he is now a tenured professor. His primary research interests encompass the total synthesis of natural products, the development of synthetic methodologies, and the discovery of antiviral and anti-aging drugs.
Hybrid Lymphovenous Anastomosis Surgery Guided by Intraoperative Mesenteric Intranodal Lymphangiography for Refractory Nontraumatic Chylous Ascites: A Case Report
Authors: Woo Soo Jin , Hur Saebeom , Kim Hee Seung , Chang Hak , Kim Ji-Young , Park Soo Jin , Jin Ung Sik
Published: February 2024

Refractory chylous ascites can cause significant nutritional and immunologic morbidity, but no clear treatment has been established. This article introduces a case of a 22-year-old female patient with an underlying lymphatic anomaly who presented with refractory chylous ascites after laparoscopic adnexectomy for ovarian teratoma which aggravated after thoracic duct embolization. Ascites (>3,000 mL/d) had to be drained via a percutaneous catheter to relieve abdominal distention and consequent dyspnea, leading to significant cachexia and weight loss. Two sessions of hybrid lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA) surgery with intraoperative mesenteric lymphangiography guidance were performed to decompress the lymphatics. The first LVA was done between inferior mesenteric vein and left para-aortic enlarged lymphatics in a side-to-side manner. The daily drainage of chylous ascites significantly decreased to 130 mL/day immediately following surgery but increased 6 days later. An additional LVA was performed between right ovarian vein and enlarged lymphatics in aortocaval area in side-to-side and end-to-side manner. The chylous ascites resolved subsequently without any complications, and the patient was discharged after 2 weeks. The patient regained weight without ascites recurrence after 22 months of follow-up. This case shares a successful experience of treating refractory chylous ascites with lymphatic anomaly through LVA, reversing the patient's life-threatening weight loss. LVA was applied with a multidisciplinary approach using intraoperative mesenteric lipiodol, and results showed the possibility of expanding its use to challenging problems in the intraperitoneal cavity.
Prediction Pressure Ulcers in High Care Unit Patients: Evaluating Risk Factors and Predictive Scale Using a Prospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Indraswari Anies Dewi Wirati , Aisyiyah Umi , Kurniawan Kurniawan , Surboyo Meircurius Dwi Condro
Published: February 2024

Background The incidence of ulcer pressure in the high care unit (HCU) was relatively high and could be reliably predicted using tools such as the Norton and Jackson/Cubbin scales. However, other risk factors, such as age, gender, consciousness, systemic condition, duration of treatment, and use of restraint, may contribute to the occurrence of ulcer pressure. This study was conducted to analyze the relationship of various risk factors for pressure ulcers and prediction of ulcer pressure, using Norton and Jackson/Cubbin scale, to incident pressure ulcers in HCU patient.

Methods This study utilized a prospective cross-sectional study design to analyze various risk factors for ulcer pressure development in a patient admitted to the HCU, including age, gender, blood profile, consciousness, duration of treatment, and use of restraint. The Norton and Jackson/Cubbin scale was employed to predict pressure ulcers. The relationship between the risk factors and the prediction of pressure ulcer incidents was evaluated using multiple logistic binary regression analysis.

Result Both the Norton and Jackson/Cubbin scales predicted a lower risk of pressure ulcer development (60.98 and 99.02%, respectively). This prediction is consistent with the low incidence of pressure injuries found, which is only 4.39%. Furthermore, the relationship between the identified risk factor (gender, duration of treatment in HCU and use of restraint) and the prediction and incident of pressure ulcer was not significant (p > 0.05). Thus, it is suggested that these risk factors may not strong predictors of pressure ulcer development.

Conclusion This study's result indicated no significant relationship exists between possible identified risk factors and the development of pressure ulcers in HCU patients. However, the Norton and Jackson/Cubbin scales were reliable predictors of pressure ulcer occurrence, with both scales predicting a lower risk of pressure ulcer development.
Does Steal Phenomenon Exist in Multiple Neurotization?—An Experimental Rat Study
Authors: Lu Johnny Chuieng-Yi , Lin Jerry Tsung-Kai , Chuang David Chwei-Chin
Published: February 2024

Background Nerve transfers from one common donor nerve to recipient nerves with multiple target branches can yield slower and unpredictable recovery in the target nerves. Our hypothesis is that steal phenomenon exists when multiple nerve neurotization comes from one donor nerve.

Methods In 30 Sprague-Dawley rats, the left ulnar nerve (UN) was selected as the donor nerve, and the musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) and median nerve (MN) as the recipient target nerves. The rats were separated into three groups (10 rats in each): group A, UN-to-MCN (one-target); group B, UN-to-MN (one-target); and group C, UN-to-MCN and MN (two-target). The right upper limbs were nonoperative as the control group. Outcome obtained at 20 weeks after surgery included grooming test, muscle weight, compound muscle action potential, tetanic muscle contraction force, axon counts, and retrograde labeling of the involved donor and target nerves.

Results At 20 weeks after surgery, muscles innervated by neurotization resulted in significant worse outcomes than the control side. This was especially true in two-target neurotization in the parameter of muscle weight and forearm flexor muscle contraction force outcome when compared to one-target neurotization. Steal phenomenon does exist because flexor muscle contraction force was significantly worse during two-target neurotization.

Conclusion This study proves the existence of steal phenomenon in multiple target neurotization but does not significantly affect the functional results. Postoperative rehabilitative measures (including electrical stimulation, induction exercise) and patient compliance (ambition and persistence) are other crucial factors that hold equivalent importance to long-term successful recovery.
Informationen: Einsatzmöglichkeiten intelligenter Verpackungslösungen
Authors: Reinig Julia , Schlüchtermann Jörg
Published: February 2024

Intelligente Verpackungen könnten in Kliniken die Patientensicherheit erhöhen und auch Materialverschwendung reduzieren. Bisher werden sie in Europa jedoch kaum angewendet.
Logistik: Die Zukunft des Krankenhauses
Authors: Rauch Christian , Müller Lukas , Wibbeling Sebastian
Published: February 2024

Wie wird die Logistik einer Klinik künftig funktionieren? Die Beispiele OP-Logistik, autonome Personentransporte sowie Transport- und Handlingroboter bieten einen Einblick in aktuelle Entwicklungsthemen.
Stammdaten intelligent vernetzten: Wie aus Rohdaten echte Anwendungsfälle werden
Authors: Merkel Martin , Kraus Grischa
Published: February 2024

Das Stammdatenmanagement im Krankenhaus ist ein wesentlicher Prozess, um die Qualität der Daten zu gewährleisten. Um einen effizienten Beschaffungsprozess sicherzustellen, ist es unerlässlich, dass die Daten korrekt und aktuell sind. Eine digitale Lösung kann helfen, die Datenqualität effizient und nachhaltig zu verbessern. Doch wer entscheidet oder legt fest, welche Qualität für welchen Prozess die richtige ist?
Wissensmanagement: Informationslogistik zum Point-of-Care im Krankenhaus
Authors: Kriegel Johannes
Published: February 2024

Das Digitalzeitalter bestimmt auch die Anwendung neuer Technologien, adaptierter Arbeitsabläufe sowie veränderter sozialer Praktiken. Dabei spielen das verfügbare Wissen und die Informationslogistik im Rahmen der Point-of-Care-Versorgung im Krankenhaus eine entscheidende Rolle.
Das bietet Ihnen der VPT 2024
Authors: Pintarelli-Rauschenbach Manuela
Published: February 2024

Neues Jahr – neue Preise: Mit dieser guten Nachricht konnten wir nach erfolgreichen Verhandlungen mit den Vertragspartnern ins neue Jahr starten. Ein guter Anfang. Für 2024 haben wir uns noch eine Menge mehr vorgenommen.
Implementing the debt-for-nature swaps for marine protected areas: case studies from Seychelles and Belize
Authors: Jiang Xiaoyi , Cao Hao
Published: February 2024

As a financing method providing financial support for environmental protection, debt-for-nature swaps (DFNS) have been implemented for nearly forty years. DFNS have covered marine protected areas (MPAs) in four countries since 2015. Although extensive literature discusses the various issues surrounding DFNS, only some researchers have connected the topics of DFNS and MPAs to evaluate the performance of implementing DFNS for financing MPAs. This paper contributes to filling this gap by analyzing the performance of the DFNS for financing MPAs from economic, legal, and environmental aspects by case studies from Seychelles and Belize. It aims to find an answer to the research question of whether the implementation of DFNS is a viable option for financing MPAs by exploring the current performance and discussing the future development of implementing the DFNS for MPAs. The DFNS has played a positive role in establishing MPAs in Seychelles and Belize by providing stable financial support for MPAs and improving the debt sustainability of debtor countries to some extent. However, there are various barriers from a legal perspective in reaching a swap agreement, ensuring the effective implementation of the agreement, and improving the transparency construction. With the trend of increasing scale and amount of debt relief and funding, the DFNS is expected to play an important role in promoting the establishment of MPAs, realizing the economic benefits, and having a satisfactory performance by legal measures. It concludes that with the transparency construction of information disclosure, special legislation on DFNS, an appropriate scale of debt for conversion determined by considering the debt sustainability, an adaptation to the innovation of the contractual approach of sovereign debt restructuring, and complementary assistance from different levels, the implementation of DFNS can be a viable option for financing MPAs.
Multiple Landau level filling for a large magnetic field limit of 2D fermions
Authors: Périce Denis
Published: February 2024

Motivated by the quantum hall effect, we study N two dimensional interacting fermions in a large magnetic field limit. We work in a bounded domain, ensuring finite degeneracy of the Landau levels. In our regime, several levels are fully filled and inert: the density in these levels is constant. We derive a limiting mean-field and semi classical description of the physics in the last, partially filled Landau level.
Nanocomposite thin films containing Pt nanoparticles dispersed in an α-Fe2O3 matrix by RF sputtering
Authors: Abe Seishi
Published: February 2024

The preparation of nanocomposite thin films that phase-separate Pt and α-Fe2O3 was investigated. These films were prepared on water-cooled glass substrates by radio frequency sputtering in an Ar atmosphere. X-ray diffraction patterns reveal that iron oxide forms Fe3O4 in the as-deposited state and undergoes a phase transition to α-Fe2O3 after heat treatment in the air. Pt is phase-separated from iron oxides in the as-deposited state and during heat treatment in the air, with a crystallite size of less than 2 nm in the as-deposited state, which varies between 2 and 15 nm after heat treatment in the air, estimated from the x-ray diffraction peaks. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy of the sample after heat treatment in the air reveals that spherical particles with a relatively uniform size are dispersed, which are assigned to Pt from fast Fourier transform analysis, while the surrounding area is assigned to α-Fe2O3. Thus, the thin film forms a nanocomposite thin film in which Pt nanoparticles are dispersed in α-Fe2O3.
Two-dimensional coherent electronic spectrometer with switchable multi-color configurations
Authors: Kefer Oskar , Kolesnichenko Pavel V. , Buckup Tiago
Published: February 2024

Broadband implementation of two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) is a desirable goal for numerous research groups, yet achieving it presents considerable challenges. An effective strategy to mitigate these challenges is the utilization of two-color approaches, effectively broadening the spectral bandwidth accessible with 2DES. Here, we present a simple approach to include multi-color configurations based on adjustable mirror mounts. This enables seamless toggling between single-color, two-color, and transient 2DES within the same spectroscopic apparatus, which is benchmarked on two common laser dyes, Rhodamine 6G and Nile blue. Upon mixing the dyes, single-color 2DES shows overlapping signals, whereas a high selectivity toward Nile blue responses is maintained in two-color and transient 2DES, owing to the fully resonant excitation that is spectrally shifted relative to the detection window. This method is readily implemented in other setups with similar experimental layouts and can be used as a simple solution to overcome existing bandwidth limitations. With the inclusion of transient 2DES, additional insights into excited-state processes can be gained due to its increased sensitivity toward excited-state coherences.
How do renewable energy transformation and technological innovation promote carbon productivity? Empirical evidence from China
Authors: Liu Xiaohong
Published: February 2024

The Chinese government is committed to achieve the goal of “double carbon” and proposes to shift from double control of energy consumption to double control of carbon emissions. In this scenario, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the impact of renewable energy transformation (RET) and technological innovation on carbon productivity (CP). Based on panel data obtained from 30 provinces of China from 2004 to 2021, this study empirically investigated the influence of RET and technological innovation on CP by using panel mean group (MG) estimation. For robustness test, ordinary least squares estimation method was adopted. The main conclusions are as follows: First, based on MG estimation, it was observed that RET has significant positive impact on CP in China. However, the coefficient of technological innovation was found to be significantly negative, indicating that enhancing technological innovation can improve CP. Additionally, the findings showed that economic development and industrial upgradation had a positive impact on CP. Second, the heterogeneity study showed that the RET in the eastern and western regions of China can improve CP. The coefficient of RET in the western region was significantly higher than that in the eastern region. The technological innovation coefficients in the eastern and central regions were significantly positive and enhancing technological innovation in these two regions can considerably improve CP; the technological innovation coefficient in the eastern region was higher than that in the central region. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) coefficients of the three regions were significantly positive and enhancing economic development can increase CP in these three regions. Finally, to improve CP, it is suggested to promote RET, increase investment in research and development, enhance technological innovation, emphasize high-quality development, prioritize adapting to local conditions, and implement region-appropriate policies and measures.
Strain-driven valley-dependent Berry phase effects and topological transitions in Janus SVGeN2 monolayer
Authors: Zhao Jun , Qi Yunxi , Yao Can , Zeng Hui
Published: February 2024

The manipulation of valley-dependent properties in two-dimensional (2D) materials is intriguing for developing valleytronics. Using first-principles calculations, we explore valley-dependent properties of Janus SVGeN2 monolayer and reveal large and tunable valley polarization by tensile strain. The SVGeN2 monolayer possesses excellent stability. Furthermore, strain-driven topological magneto-valley phase transitions are predicted for this monolayer, leading to the valley quantum anomalous Hall (VQAH) phenomenon. The VQAH state, which is featured by the coexistence of complete valley polarization and topological phase, is confirmed by sign reversal of Berry curvature and the nontrivial band topology. The calculated magnetic anisotropy energy indicates that the Janus SVGeN2 monolayer possesses a ferromagnetic ground state and in-plane magnetization. Our investigation provides some physical insights into the strain-driven topological phase transition and manipulation of valley-dependent properties to realize giant valley polarization in the Janus 2D magnet.
Controlling the charge-transfer dynamics of two-level systems around avoided crossings
Authors: Migliore Agostino , Messina Antonino
Published: February 2024

Two-level quantum systems are fundamental physical models that continue to attract growing interest due to their crucial role as a building block of quantum technologies. The exact analytical solution of the dynamics of these systems is central to control theory and its applications, such as that to quantum computing. In this study, we reconsider the two-state charge transfer problem by extending and using a methodology developed to study (pseudo)spin systems in quantum electrodynamics contexts. This approach allows us to build a time evolution operator for the charge transfer system and to show new opportunities for the coherent control of the system dynamics, with a particular emphasis on the critical dynamic region around the transition state coordinate, where the avoided crossing of the energy levels occurs. We identify and propose possible experimental implementations of a class of rotations of the charge donor (or acceptor) that endow the electronic coupling matrix element with a time-dependent phase that can be employed to realize controllable coherent dynamics of the system across the avoided level crossing. The analogy of these rotations to reference frame rotations in generalized semiclassical Rabi models is discussed. We also show that the physical rotations in the charge-transfer systems can be performed so as to implement quantum gates relevant to quantum computing. From an exquisitely physical–mathematical viewpoint, our approach brings to light situations in which the time-dependent state of the system can be obtained without resorting to the special functions appearing in the Landau–Zener approach.
Aerodynamic drag improvements on a circular cylinder using passive Venturi actuators
Authors: Firat Erhan , Seyhan Mehmet , Ozkan Gokturk M.
Published: February 2024

Scale-adaptive simulations (SAS) of three-dimensional flow around a circular cylinder fitted with a passive version of a novel flow control method (passive Venturi actuator, PVA) are performed at a diameter-based Reynolds number of Re = 28 000. The PVA consists of one or more narrow slits located at the top and/or bottom sides of the cylinder that connected to the throat of the axial Venturi slit in this cylinder. The main purpose of the study is to investigate the influence of divergence angle and narrow slit location relative to the axial Venturi slit on the aerodynamic performance of the cylinder. To this end, four models were designed with various PVAs. Additional models, a plain cylinder (unmodified model) and a cylinder fitted with an axial Venturi slit (model without a narrow slit), were also used for quantitative comparison. SAS predicts that an additional 5% reduction in the time-averaged drag coefficient, ⟨CD⟩, was observed when two narrow slits located on the surface at an angle of ±80° from the front stagnation line were fitted to the cylinder with an axial Venturi slit. Reducing the divergence angle of the PVA leads to improvements in ⟨CD⟩ and root mean square of fluctuating force coefficients, CD−rms and CL−rms. It is found that a cylinder with a PVA that has two narrow slits and a divergence angle of 6° can produce a 28.6% reduction in ⟨CD⟩, a 58.5% reduction in CD−rms, and an 81.2% reduction in CL−rms, when compared to the plain cylinder.
Monovalent ion–graphene oxide interactions are controlled by carboxylic acid groups: Sum frequency generation spectroscopy studies
Authors: Lee Seung Eun , Carr Amanda J. , Kumal Raju R. , Uysal Ahmet
Published: February 2024

Graphene oxide (GO) is a two-dimensional, mechanically strong, and chemically tunable material for separations. Elucidating GO–ion–water interactions at the molecular scale is highly important for predictive understanding of separation systems. However, direct observations of the nanometer region by GO surfaces under operando conditions are not trivial. Therefore, thin films of GO at the air/water interface can be used as model systems. With this approach, we study the effects of alkali metal ions on water organization near graphene oxide films at the air/water interface using vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy. We also use an arachidic acid Langmuir monolayer as a benchmark for a pure carboxylic acid surface. Theoretical modeling of the concentration-dependent sum frequency signal from graphene oxide and arachidic acid surfaces reveals that the adsorption of monovalent ions is mainly controlled by the carboxylic acid groups on graphene oxide. An in-depth analysis of sum frequency spectra reveals at least three distinct water populations with different hydrogen bonding strengths. The origin of each population can be identified from concentration dependent variations of their SFG signal. Interestingly, an interfacial water structure seemed mostly insensitive to the character of the alkali cation, in contrast to similar studies conducted at the silica/water interface. However, we observed an ion-specific effect with lithium, whose strong hydration prevented direct interactions with the graphene oxide film.
Using graded density impactor to achieve quasi-isentropic loading with stress and strain-rate controlled
Authors: Huang Jin , Zhang Jian , Zhu Ke , Zhang Ruizhi , Luo Guoqiang , Shen Qiang
Published: February 2024

In gas gun experiments, a graded density impactor (GDI) is used to achieve quasi-isentropic loading. However, inconsistency between the designed and experimental loading profiles, mainly caused by by-products during preparation, limits the application of GDI for a long time. In this work, a kind of W/Ti GDI with advantages of a wide density range of 4.5–19.3 g/cm3 and high structural designability was designed and synthesized. Each of mid-layers of the W/Ti GDI was composed of W and Ti without the formation of an intermetallic compound, and had good parallelism and flatness. This provides a prerequisite for good agreement between the designed and experimental loading profiles. Due to the high designability of the GDI, quasi-isentropic loading with different stress-paths was achieved by controlling the structure of the GDI. Then, independently controlling peak stress and strain rates of loading was successfully achieved by changing the flyer velocity and the type of the W/Ti GDI. The W/Ti GDI has enormous application potential in studying the dynamic response of materials under quasi-isentropic loading with stress and strain rate controlled.
Unified three-dimensional simulation method for full working conditions of compression systems
Authors: Ji Jiajia , Hu Jun , Ma Shuai , Xu Rong , Jiang Chao
Published: February 2024

The complete operating range of the compressor includes stable and unstable conditions, and the boundary between the two is the stall and surge line. Previously, the two were modeled in isolation from each other. The unsteady flow equation of the compression system is constructed based on the idea of the body-force model. It is possible to obtain the steady characteristics and transient simulation of post-stall, realizing the unified simulation of the full working conditions of the compression system. Among them, by using and developing the elementary cascade method, the continuity of correlation method for the body-force source term in different flow regions is realized. The model was validated on four single-stage compressors as well as one two-stage compressor, and the results showed that the steady-state characteristics, stable boundary, and rotating stall characteristics obtained by the developed model were in good agreement with the experimental results. The experiments showed that when the blade solidity was increased, the compressor's work capacity increased and its stability improved, and the rotational frequency of the stall cell increased slightly. The calculated results always agreed with the trend of the experimental results. In addition, the variation of blade forces during rotating stall can be easily obtained using the concept of body force and more details of the flow field can be obtained using the model.
Effect of blade number on rotor efficiency and noise emission at hovering condition
Authors: Li Pengyu , Yang Yannian , Li Qingxi , Arcondoulis Elias J. G. , Noack Bernd R. , Liu Yu
Published: February 2024

The configuration of rotors significantly impacts the aerodynamic efficiency and noise emission of multicopters. To date, there are no general guidelines regarding how many blades a rotor should use for optimal aerodynamic performance and minimum noise emission. From the perspectives of aerodynamics and acoustics during the hovering condition, two key parameters, i.e., figure of merit (FM) and overall sound pressure level (OASPL), are evaluated to determine the optimal blade number (BN). The number of blades chosen in this study is BN = 2–6, which is largely observed in commercial multicopters. A genetic algorithm was developed to optimize blade design for each BN-rotor configuration. The individuals are evaluated by steady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and acoustic analogy for optimizations, and the detailed analyses of optimal ones are further explored by unsteady CFD simulations. The planform of the baseline blade is maintained, and the radial distribution of twist angles is the parameter for optimization. While generating the same thrust, the value of FM keeps increasing as the number of blades increases from 2 to 4, after which the FM value reaches a plateau. The value of OASPL keeps decreasing as the number of blades increases. The reason for the FM and OASPL value trends vs blade number is explained with the numerical simulation results, and a general design rule is suggested at the end.
A hybrid CNN–BiLSTM–AT model optimized with enhanced whale optimization algorithm for remaining useful life forecasting of fuel cell
Authors: Quan Rui , Zhang Jian , Li Xuerong , Guo Haifeng , Chang Yufang , Wan Hang
Published: February 2024

To further improve the remaining useful life forecasting accuracy of fuel cells using classic deep learning models, a convolutional neural network combining bidirectional long and short-term memory networks (BiLSTM) and attention mechanism (AT) is optimized with the enhanced whale optimization algorithm (EWOA). Singular spectrum analysis preprocesses the attenuation data to eliminate noise and enhance its effective information; the CNN–BiLSTM model extracts spatiotemporal features and learns historical and future information; AT further explores the spatiotemporal correlation; and EWOA optimizes its hyperparameters to reduce human intervention error. Results demonstrate that, compared with long and short-term memory, CNN–LSTM, CNN–BiLSTM, CNN–BiLSTM–AT, and CNN–BiLSTM–AT optimized with other algorithms, the CNN–BiLSTM–AT model optimized with EWOA achieves lower root mean square error, mean absolute error, mean absolute percentage error, and relative errors of 0.1951%–0.2059%, 0.1267%–0.1538%, 0.0319%–0.0366%, and 0.026%–0.036%, respectively, with different training data. Importantly, the proposed model still maintains good prediction robustness with over 40% of the missing data.
Breather wave solutions on the Weierstrass elliptic periodic background for the (2 + 1)-dimensional generalized variable-coefficient KdV equation
Authors: Li Jiabin , Yang Yunqing , Sun Wanyi
Published: February 2024

In this paper, the Nth Darboux transformations for the (2+1)-dimensional generalized variable-coefficient Koretweg–de Vries (gvcKdV) equation are proposed. By using the Lamé function method, the generalized Lamé-type solutions for the linear spectral problem associated with the gvcKdV equation with the static and traveling Weierstrass elliptic ℘-function potentials are derived, respectively. Then, the nonlinear wave solutions for the gvcKdV equation on the static and traveling Weierstrass elliptic ℘-function periodic backgrounds under some constraint conditions are obtained, respectively, whose evolutions and dynamical properties are also discussed. The results show that the degenerate solutions on the periodic background can be obtained by taking the limits of the half-periods ω1,ω2 of ℘(x), and the evolution curves of nonlinear wave solutions on the periodic background are determined by the coefficients of the gvcKdV equations.
Optimization of OpenCV based spot identification method for surface plasmon resonance imaging
Authors: Wang Zhiyou , Liu Feiyu , Xiao Wenxuan , Fang Zhewen , Ou Chang
Published: February 2024

In this work, we focus on the OpenCV based microarray recognition method for Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging (SPRi), proposing the hit-ratio of global light pixels and coverage of the potential spots in a microarray as the criteria for identification evaluation in SPRi data. We optimized the design of the ellipse fitting strategy by analyzing the impact of different parameters in the method. After optimization of the parameters, the accuracy of microarray recognition was successfully increased to over 90%. This work not only contributes to reducing errors in microarray signal extraction and improving signal processing quality but also has significant implications for applying computer graphic technology in high-throughput biochemical analysis.
On the utmost importance of the geometry factor of accuracy in the quantum chemical calculations of 31P NMR chemical shifts: New efficient pecG-n (n = 1, 2) basis sets for the geometry optimization procedure
Authors: Rusakov Yu. Yu. , Nikurashina Yu. A. , Rusakova I. L.
Published: February 2024

31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts were shown to be very sensitive to the basis set used at the geometry optimization stage. Commonly used energy-optimized basis sets for a phosphorus atom containing only one polarization d-function were shown to be unable to provide correct equilibrium geometries for the calculations of phosphorus chemical shifts. The use of basis sets with at least two polarization d-functions on a phosphorus atom is strongly recommended. In this paper, an idea of creating the basis sets purposed for the geometry optimization that provide the least possible error coming from the geometry factor of accuracy in the resultant NMR shielding constants is proposed. The property-energy consisted algorithm with the target function in the form of the molecular energy gradient relative to P–P bond lengths was applied to create new geometry-oriented pecG-n (n = 1, 2) basis sets for a phosphorus atom. New basis sets have demonstrated by far superior performance as compared to the other commonly used energy-optimized basis sets in massive calculations of 31P NMR chemical shifts carried out at the gauge-including atomic orbital-coupled cluster singles and doubles/pecS-2 level of the theory by taking into account solvent, vibrational, and relativistic corrections.
Resistivities across the vapor–liquid interface of a simple fluid: An assessment of methods
Authors: Homes Simon , Vrabec Jadran
Published: February 2024

Heat and mass transfer across the interface between liquid and vapor is studied by means of molecular dynamics simulation. Two scenarios are considered to access the interface resistivities, specifying either the evaporation rate or the temperature gradient. Spatially resolved profiles of density, temperature, chemical potential, pressure tensor elements, and hydrodynamic velocity are sampled with large-scale molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the structural and dynamic properties across the interface under non-equilibrium conditions. The employed interaction model is appropriate for simple fluids, like argon, while its thermodynamic properties in bulk phases are fully known. Most of the temperature range from the triple point to the critical point is investigated, varying the heat flux and the particle flux over one to two orders of magnitude. Different approaches are followed to determine the interface resistivities, and their results are compared to literature data and kinetic gas theory. It is found that the interface resistivities are a sole function of the interface temperature and are independent of the chemical potential gradient or the temperature gradient. This also holds for its thickness and surface tension up to the very large gradients that are typically imposed in molecular dynamics simulations. It stands to reason that this is also the case under the presence of gradients with a magnitude that is technically relevant and thus much smaller.
A novel IQ mismatch compensation method in wideband direct-conversion receivers
Authors: Zhang Shengyi , Tian Yu , Ye Peng , Guo Lianping , Li Hao , Cao Jiawei , Wang Houjun
Published: February 2024

Direct-conversion receivers (DCRs) have been widely used in recent years due to their small size and low power consumption. However, the mismatch between the in-phase (I) and the quadrature (Q) branches will seriously affect the performance of the DCRs. This paper proposes a novel blind compensation method to suppress the interference introduced by IQ mismatch. Based on the Hilbert transform, our proposed method can obtain the orthogonal signal of the I-channel signal by utilizing the Weaver architecture. Compared with traditional compensation methods, the main difference of the proposed method is that it ignores prior information, training sequences, and additional hardware circuits. Furthermore, the complexity of the proposed blind compensation method is low because no iterative operations are involved in the compensation process. The simulation results show that the proposed method has an excellent compensation performance, especially in wideband applications.
Electrical resistance switching of YbFe2O4 single crystal bulk
Authors: Nagata Tomoko , Ikeda Naoshi
Published: February 2024

We report the electrical resistance switching of YbFe2O4, which is one of the electronic ferroelectrics and shows multi-step polarization reversal. The electrical resistance of the single crystal bulk of YbFe2O4 was measured along the c-axis. Three kinds of resistance states were observed: high resistance state (HRS), low resistance state (LRS), and extra low resistance state (ELRS). The as-grown sample was in HRS. The resistance state switched from HRS to LRS under an electric field of ∼180 V/cm. HRS was reproduced under the same magnitude of the electric field in the opposite direction. The switching from LRS to ELRS was assisted by a current flow in the ab-plane, which is orthogonal to the measurement axis (c-axis). The switching from LRS to ELRS was observed under an electric field of ∼140 V/cm during the resistance measurement along the c-axis after a current flow in the ab-plane for a few seconds. The resistance ratio in HRS, LRS, and ELRS was ∼2:1.5:1, which is regarded as a large value considering that the sample size was sub-millimeter order. This multi-step resistive switching is likely due to the multi-step reversal of electric polarization, accompanied by a multi-step change in Schottky barrier height between the sample and electrodes. The currents in the ab-plane are considered to release some pinnings and assist in the polarization reversal.
A novel motivation for the unstable nonlinear Schrödinger equation through random inputs
Authors: Albalawi Sami M. , Sohaly M. A. , Fares M. E.
Published: February 2024

We investigate the stochastic unstable nonlinear Schrödinger equation through bi-random sources. Specifically, we solve this equation via Itô sense, with the parameter following Laplace and Gumbel distributions. We provide vital stochastic solutions in applied sciences. We employ He’s semi-inverse technique in order to provide these solutions in a unified way. Actually, this is the first time that the same model has been taken into account in these circumstances. In order to investigate the real relevance of the stochastic unstable nonlinear Schrödinger equation, we provide the simulations for some of the collected solutions using the appropriate parameter settings provided by the MATLAB software. Finally, our renewed drive might expand to incorporate further emerging natural science models.
History constrains the evolution of efficient color naming, enabling historical inference
Authors: Twomey Colin R. , Brainard David H. , Plotkin Joshua B.
Published: February 2024

Color naming in natural languages is not arbitrary: It reflects efficient partitions of perceptual color space [T. Regier, P. Kay, N. Khetarpal,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.104, 1436–1441 (2007)] modulated by the relative needs to communicate about different colors [C. Twomey, G. Roberts, D. Brainard, J. Plotkin,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.118, e2109237118 (2021)]. These psychophysical and communicative constraints help explain why languages around the world have remarkably similar, but not identical, mappings of colors to color terms. Languages converge on a small set of efficient representations.But languages also evolve, and the number of terms in a color vocabulary may change over time. Here we show that history, i.e. the existence of an antecedent color vocabulary, acts as a nonadaptive constraint that biases the choice of efficient solution as a language transitions from a vocabulary of sizenton+1terms. Moreover, as efficient vocabularies evolve to include more terms they explore a smaller fraction of all possible efficient vocabularies compared to equally sized vocabularies constructed de novo. This path dependence of the cultural evolution of color naming presents an opportunity. Historical constraints can be used to reconstruct ancestral color vocabularies, allowing us to answer long-standing questions about the evolutionary sequences of color words, and enabling us to draw inferences from phylogenetic patterns of language change.
Sec7 regulatory domains scaffold autoinhibited and active conformations
Authors: Brownfield Bryce A. , Richardson Brian C. , Halaby Steve L. , Fromme J. Christopher
Published: February 2024

The late stages of Golgi maturation involve a series of sequential trafficking events in which cargo-laden vesicles are produced and targeted to multiple distinct subcellular destinations. Each of these vesicle biogenesis events requires activation of an Arf GTPase by the Sec7/BIG guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). Sec7 localization and activity is regulated by autoinhibition, positive feedback, and interaction with other GTPases. Although these mechanisms have been characterized biochemically, we lack a clear picture of how GEF localization and activity is modulated by these signals. Here, we report the cryogenic electron microscopy structure of full-length Sec7 in its autoinhibited form, revealing the architecture of its multiple regulatory domains. We use functional experiments to determine the basis for autoinhibition and use structural predictions to produce a model for an active conformation of the GEF that is supported empirically. This study therefore elucidates the conformational transition that Sec7 undergoes to become active on the organelle membrane surface.
Anti-PD-1 therapy triggers Tfh cell–dependent IL-4 release to boost CD8 T cell responses in tumor-draining lymph nodes
Authors: Ruggiu Mathilde , Guérin Marion V. , Corre Béatrice , Bardou Margot , Alonso Ruby , Russo Erica , Garcia Zacarias , Feldmann Lea , Lemaître Fabrice , Dusseaux Mathilde , Grandjean Capucine L. , Bousso Philippe
Published: February 2024

Anti-PD-1 therapy targets intratumoral CD8+ T cells to promote clinical responses in cancer patients. Recent evidence suggests an additional activity in the periphery, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we show that anti-PD-1 mAb enhances CD8+ T cell responses in tumor-draining lymph nodes by stimulating cytokine production in follicular helper T cells (Tfh). In two different models, anti-PD-1 mAb increased the activation and proliferation of tumor-specific T cells in lymph nodes. Surprisingly, anti-PD-1 mAb did not primarily target CD8+ T cells but instead stimulated IL-4 production by Tfh cells, the major population bound by anti-PD-1 mAb. Blocking IL-4 or inhibiting the Tfh master transcription factor BCL6 abrogated anti-PD-1 mAb activity in lymph nodes while injection of IL-4 complexes was sufficient to recapitulate anti-PD-1 mAb activity. A similar mechanism was observed in a vaccine model. Finally, nivolumab also boosted human Tfh cells in humanized mice. We propose that Tfh cells and IL-4 play a key role in the peripheral activity of anti-PD-1 mAb.
Coupling of quasi-localized and phonon modes in glasses at low frequency
Authors: Duan 段 Jun 军 , Cai 蔡 Song-Lin 松林 , Ding 丁 Gan 淦 , Dai 戴 Lan-Hong 兰宏 , Jiang 蒋 Min-Qiang 敏强
Published: February 2024

Boson peak of glasses, a THz vibrational excess compared to Debye squared-frequency law, remains mysterious in condensed-matter physics and material science. It appears in many different kinds of glassy matters and is also argued to exist in damped crystals. A consensus is that boson peak originates from the coupling of the (quasi)-localized non-phonon modes and the plane-wave-like phonon modes, but the coupling behavior is still not fully understood. In this paper, by modulating the content of localized modes and the frequencies of phonon modes, the coupling is clearly reflected in the localization and anharmonicity of low-frequency vibrational modes. The coupling enhances with increasing cooling rate and sample size. For finite sample size, phonon modes do not fully intrude into the low frequency to form a dense spectrum and they are not sufficiently coupled to the localized modes, thus there is no Debye level and boson peak is ill-defined. This suggestion remains valid in the presence of thermal motions induced by temperature, even though the anharmonicity comes into play. Our results point to the coupling of quasi-localized and phonon modes and its relation to the boson peak.
Irregularity of instantaneous gamma frequency in the motor control network characterize visuomotor and proprioceptive information processing
Authors: Ryu Jihye , Choi Jeong Woo , Niketeghad Soroush , Torres Elizabeth B , Pouratian Nader
Published: February 2024

Objective. The study aims to characterize movements with different sensory goals, by contrasting the neural activity involved in processing proprioceptive and visuo-motor information. To accomplish this, we have developed a new methodology that utilizes the irregularity of the instantaneous gamma frequency parameter for characterization. Approach. In this study, eight essential tremor patients undergoing an awake deep brain stimulation implantation surgery repetitively touched the clinician’s finger (forward visually-guided/FV movement) and then one’s own chin (backward proprioceptively-guided/BP movement). Neural electrocorticographic recordings from the motor (M1), somatosensory (S1), and posterior parietal cortex (PPC) were obtained and band-pass filtered in the gamma range (30–80 Hz). The irregularity of the inter-event intervals (IEI; inverse of instantaneous gamma frequency) were examined as: (1) auto-information of the IEI time series and (2) correlation between the amplitude and its proceeding IEI. We further explored the network connectivity after segmenting the FV and BP movements by periods of accelerating and decelerating forces, and applying the IEI parameter to transfer entropy methods. Main results. Conceptualizing that the irregularity in IEI reflects active new information processing, we found the highest irregularity in M1 during BP movement, highest in PPC during FV movement, and the lowest during rest at all sites. Also, connectivity was the strongest from S1 to M1 and from S1 to PPC during FV movement with accelerating force and weakest during rest. Significance. We introduce a novel methodology that utilize the instantaneous gamma frequency (i.e. IEI) parameter in characterizing goal-oriented movements with different sensory goals, and demonstrate its use to inform the directional connectivity within the motor cortical network. This method successfully characterizes different movement types, while providing interpretations to the sensory-motor integration processes.
Icariin regulates RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation via the ERα/c-Src/RANK signaling
Authors: Yang Shaolin , Zhang Xiaocui , Liao Xiaofei , Ding Yi , Gan Juwen
Published: February 2024

Osteoporosis (OP) is a common metabolic bone disease. Excessive osteoclastic activity significantly contributes to the development of OP. Icariin (ICA) is a flavonol glycoside derived from herbal plants and possesses curative effects on postmenopausal OP and bone fracture. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ICA on osteoclast differentiation induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) ligand (RANKL) and the involvement of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and RANK signaling cascade in this process. RANKL was used to induce the differentiation of RAW264.7 cells to into osteoclasts. Small interfering RNA technique was used to knockdown ERα in cells. Cell counting kit-8 assay was performed to determine the cytotoxicity of ICA. The number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells was quantified by TRAP staining. RANKL induced the differentiation of RAW264.7 cells into osteoclasts, while ICA abolished the pro-osteoporotic effect of RANKL. Moreover, ERα knockdown abolished the effects of ICA on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Further exploration revealed that ICA inhibited the phosphorylation of c-Src in osteoclasts via regulating ERα, while inactivation of c-Src reversed ERα knockdown-promoted osteoclastogenesis. Lastly, ICA inhibited the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and downregulated the expressions of target osteoclastogenic proteins in RANKL-treated RAW 264.7 cells, while ERα knockdown almost completely diminished the effects of ICA. ICA inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation via regulating the ERα/c-Src/RANK signaling. These findings elucidated a novel mechanism by which ICA exerts an anti-osteoporotic effect.