bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ESTUDO DE VIABILIDADE DE ATUALIZAÇÃO CADASTRAL DE BASES 1:2000 DO MUNICÍPIO DO RIO DE JANEIRO ATRAVÉS DE MOSAICOS DE IMAGENS ORBITAIS DE ALTA RESOLUÇÃO
Authors: Teixeira Coelho Filho Luiz Carlos , Pena Bittencourt Silas , Nunes e Silva Brito Jorge Luís
Published: August 2020

Imagens orbitais de alta resolução já são de uso habitual para profissionais degeotecnologias, pois há muito potencial para o mapeamento urbano a partir doprocessamento fotogramétrico dessas imagens. Tendo em vista a necessidade deatualização da base vetorial do Instituto Pereira Passos (IPP), o objetivo principaldesse trabalho de conclusão de curso é estudar a viabilidade na atualização de basesvetoriais com a utilização de imagens do sistema WorldView-2, como substituto aoortomosaico de imagens fotogramétricas obtidas por aerolevantamentos. Comoobjetivo secundário, o presente trabalho realiza uma comparação entre as correçõesrealizadas e as respectivas incertezas a elas associadas. A metodologia desenvolvidano trabalho ora apresentada utilizará dados provenientes de LIDAR, imagenssensoriadas em nível orbital e em nível de aerolevantamentos por aeronavestripuladas, determinação de pontos de apoio e de verificação, em campo, porintermédio de técnicas de geodésia espacial (GNSS), além de bases cartográficasvetoriais. A área de estudo localiza-se na região urbana da cidade do Rio de Janeiro e reúne diversos bairros da Zona Norte, por possuir mais pontos de apoio de campo. Como resultado, foi possível atingir precisõescompatíveis com as classes C da escala 1:5000 e B da escala 1:10000.
O CANTEIRO CENTRAL DA AVENIDA MINAS GERAIS: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DAS DEMANDAS DEMOGRÁFICAS DE USUÁRIOS DO ENTORNO
Authors: Pereira Lucas Alves , Loboda Carlos Roberto
Published: August 2020

A proposta aqui trabalhada versa sobre a relação do canteiro central da Avenida Minas Gerais em Ituiutaba (MG) e seu entorno, tendo como objetivo identificar a partir de faixas etárias os maiores contingentes populacionais do entorno, relacionando com os lugares não abarcados por um sistema de áreas verdes urbana. O percurso teórico-metodológico consistiu em uma abordagem a partir da produção do espaço urbano, por meio da qual o homem em certa medida organiza a morfologia urbana ao longo do tempo, reestruturando-a por meio da diferenciação dos lugares, chegando ao sistema de espaços livres e, por conseguinte as áreas verdes. Dessa forma, trabalhamos com as áreas verdes urbanas que são elementos importantes, constituintes e estruturadores não somente do sistema de espaços livres, mas do próprio espaço urbano. A relação dos dados demográficos do entorno e do canteiro da avenida Minas Gerais delineou nossa base analítica, sendo possível verificarmos a área como importante espaço público enquanto potencialidade e possibilidade. Dessa forma, pudemos por meio do processo de pesquisa caracterizar o entorno e apontar três localizações possíveis para intervenções, se beneficiando de sua posição para realizar a implantação de equipamentos e proporcionar melhor uso através de incentivos e instrumentos urbanísticos.
INTERAÇÕES ENTRE O AMBIENTE CONSTRUÍDO E O CLIMA: UMA ANÁLISE DAS SENSAÇÕES TÉRMICAS PARA O LOTEAMENTO DA ASSOCIAÇÃO 1º DE JULHO EM CHAPADA DOS GUIMARÃES (MT)
Authors: De Araújo Luis Flávio
Published: August 2020

A produção do espaço urbano em Chapada dos Guimarães-MT permitiu a geração de formas urbanas distintas, associadas às dificuldades no acesso à moradia, sobretudo para os grupos sociais menos abastados. Esta parcela da população, para usufruírem da propriedade da moradia encontram diversificadas estratégias, como a construção de “habitações” provisórias e permanentes com os materiais aos quais tiveram acesso. Assim, o presente artigo visa analisar a distribuição das sensações térmicas diárias em quatro episódios atmosféricos característicos da área de estudo, tendo como pontos de coletas duas construções, uma de alvenaria (permanente), outra de lonas e bambus (provisórias) e um lote sem edificações (área externa). Os procedimentos para o atendimento da proposta perpassaram pelo levantamento bibliográfico, coleta e processamentos de dados de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, aplicação do Índice de Temperatura Efetiva proposta por Missenard (1937) e apontamentos das situações atmosféricas para as datas de registro. Identificou-se a predominância da classificação de Ligeiramente Quente para os três pontos, proximidade dos resultados entre a alvenaria e o ambiente externo, indicando melhores condições do que a construção de lona, bem como a influência dos materiais nas sensações térmicas para a localidade estudada.
VALIDACIÓN DE PRODUCTOS SATELITALES A PARTIR DE MEDICIONES IN SITU PARA EL MONITOREO DE COBERTURAS DEL SUELO EN EL SUR DE LA REGIÓN PAMPEANA (ARGENTINA)
Authors: Ferrelli Federico , Soledad Brendel Andrea , Miguel Eduardo Perillo Gerardo , Cintia Piccolo María
Published: August 2020

La delimitación de las coberturas del suelo es una actividad costosa que requiere de instrumental específico. En este contexto, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la precisión y exactitud de productos satelitales de cobertura del suelo con respecto a un mapa confeccionado con mediciones in situ en la cuenca del río Sauce Grande (Argentina). Para ello, se realizaron cinco viajes de campo durante el año 2018 y se tomaron muestras georeferenciadas y firmas espectrales de las coberturas del suelo. Complementariamente, se calcularon índices de vegetación, suelo y agua a partir del procesamiento de imágenes satelitales Landsat 8. Con la reflectancia adquirida a campo y el comportamiento espectral de cada cobertura, se identificaron muestras espaciales necesarias para realizar una clasificación supervisada. Posteriormente, se descargaron los productos MODIS-Landcover y ESA-Landcover y se diseñaron mapas de coberturas del suelo estimadas. Se estableció un tamaño de píxel de 300 m para los tres productos satelitales y se aplicó con una matriz de confusión del tipo pixel por pixel para compararlos. Los resultados permitieron establecer que el MODIS-Landcover es un producto útil para el monitoreo de cultivos y pastizales, mientras que el ESA-Landcover para la expansión urbana y las variaciones del agua superficial.
Teorias sobre as Etapas do Capitalismo: Elementos para uma Síntese
Authors: Bandeira de Mello Filho Marcelo Soares
Published: August 2020

As teorias sobre as etapas do capitalismo investigadas no presente artigo – teorias do imperialismo, teorias do capitalismo monopolista, escola francesa da regulação, escola das estruturas sociais de acumulação e abordagem neoschumpeteriana – analisam as diferentes formas do capitalismo ao longo da história. As insuficiências teóricas apresentadas pelas abordagens derivam, de modo geral, da dificuldade em articular as características mais fundamentais do modo de produção, as estruturas multisseculares do capitalismo, com as estruturas específicas a determinados períodos históricos. Para solucionar tal deficiência e procurar aprofundar a compreensão do neoliberalismo é proposta uma análise do capitalismo baseada nas múltiplas escalas de tempo.
Identifikasi Kelelawar Pemakan Serangga (Microchiroptera) di Gua Groda, Kawasan Karst Gunung Sewu, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta
Authors: Margiyanti Evi
Published: July 2020

Groda Cave is one of the caves in the Gunung Sewu Karst Area which is used by bats as a roosting place when resting during the day. This study aims to identify insectivorous bats (microchiroptera) in Groda Cave, Karst Gunung Sewu Region, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. This research was conducted in July 2016 in Groda Cave, Ponjong, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. Morphometric identification is based on body size and body characteristics. The method used is observation. The results of this study are the insect-eating bats found in the Groda Cave area based on morphometry, there are 3 types, namely Rhinolopus canuti, Rhinolopus affinis, and Rhinolopus pusillus.[Gua Groda terletak di Kawasan Karst Gunung Sewu di Gunung Kidul Yogyakarta yang dihinggapi kelelawar saat beristirahat di siang hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kelelawar pemakan serangga (microchiroptera) di Gua Groda. Makalah ini berdasarkan data yang dikumpulkan pada Juli 2016 di Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. Identifikasi morfometrik didasarkan pada ukuran tubuh dan karakteristik tubuh. Metode yang digunakan adalah observasi. Hasil penelitian ini menyoroti keberadaan kelelawar pemakan serangga yang ditemukan di Gua Groda. Berdasarkan morfometri, ada 3 jenis kelelawar di gua Groda, yaitu Rhinolopus canuti, Rhinolopus affinis, dan Rhinolopus pusillus.]
Central Cholinergic Nervous System and Cholinergic Agents
Authors: Patočka Jiří
Published: August 2020

Central cholinergic nervous system play important role in many physiological and behavioral functions in humans. The activity of the cholinergic nervous system depends upon the production and fate of acetylcholine and all compounds influenced its biosynthesis, storage, release, hydrolysis, interaction with different subtypes of cholinergic receptors, etc., there are very important drugs and therapeutics. This paper summarizes current views on many compounds which can interact with different parts of central cholinergic nervous system.
Wprowadzenie
Authors: Paprocka-Piotrowska Urszula
Published: July 2020

Wprowadzenie
Elementy wspólnego pisania na zajęciach pisania akademickiego – badanie pilotażowe
Authors: Marzec-Stawiarska Małgorzata
Published: July 2020

The article discusses the issue of collaborative writing during classes of academic writing for advanced students of English as a foreign language. It describes a research project in which the influence of collaborative planning on the quality of written discourse was analysed. The research found that essays based on the plan constructed by students in pairs were better in terms of organisation, linguistic variety, content and accuracy than essays written by these participants individually. Moreover, the questionnaires written by the participants revealed their positive attitude to collaborative essay planning.
Akwizycja języka obcego w perspektywie studenta filologii: badanie tożsamości narracyjnej studenta w kontekście czasoprzestrzeni i heteroglosii
Authors: Werbińska Dorota
Published: July 2020

The general aim of this article is to present second language acquisition from the perspective of an English philology student. Taking the position that identity is a relevant concept in language acquisition, it explores how the identity of English philology students, both day and extramural, is constructed in their narratives when drawing on Bakhtin’s notions of „chronotope” and „heteroglossia”.
Specific Phobias: Maintaining Control in the Face of Chaotic Threats
Authors: Rothschild Zachary K. , Hauri Julianna , Keefer Lucas A.
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Drawing on existential psychology we examine the possibility that specific phobias can serve a psychological function. Specifically, we propose that phobic objects allow individuals to focalize anxieties about haphazard existential threats into a more manageable form, reducing perceptions of risk and bolstering control.

Method: We tested this by assessing perceived control among participants with varying levels of spider fear who were reminded of chaotic hazards (or not) and exposed to spiders images (or not).

Results: Study 1 (N = 940) found that among those high in spider fear, salient uncontrollable threats (vs. controllable threats or uncontrollable non-threats) reduced feelings of control unless participants were exposed to their phobic object. Similarly, exposure to spider (vs. non-spider) images bolstered perceived control in the face of salient hazards, but only for those high in spider fear. A second preregistered study (N = 1349) found that the palliative effects of focusing on a phobic object were partially explained by a decreased concern with haphazard harms.

Discussion: This supports the premise that phobic objects help to maintain control by narrowing the source of disordered risks, creating a more controllable conception of reality.
The Influence of Contextual and Individual Factors on Entrepreneurial Intentions among Youth in Transitional Rural Slovakia
Authors: Kološta Stanislav , Flaška Filip , Kráľ Pavol , Årethun Torbjørn , Nesse Jon G.
Published: August 2020

The reduction of out-migration and supporting new job creation are important goals for regional and rural development policies among post-communist EU member states, including Slovakia. Hence, policy makers and educators are interested in studies targeting factors that influence entrepreneurial intentions (EI) and activity in rural areas. This study reveals (i) some of the factors influencing EI among final-year students in a high school environment and (ii) the possible implementation of our results in educational policy. Data were collected in high schools located in three rural Slovakian regions: Banská Bystrica, Prešov, and Žilina. The main findings are that former policy discouraging entrepreneurship left a post-communist generation almost without an entrepreneurial background, and this was reflected in the lack of importance given to creativity and living in an entrepreneurial environment in relation to the EI of Slovakian youth. This could be caused by necessity-driven EI whereby financial motives for self-employment dominate individual interests and preferences. On the other hand, leadership and proactive personality as career anchors, and perceived support from family and friends, are prominent factors explaining EI among these young people. These factors, together with supporting and building a desire for autonomy and creativity, should be developed principally within entrepreneurship education for pupils at high schools in the Slovakian regions investigated.
Party Leaders vs. Technocrats
Authors: Ştefan Laurenţiu
Published: August 2020

This article takes a close look at the selection and survival of prime ministers in Romania. While many factors are deemed important in understanding why prime ministers are “weak” or “strong,” have short or long tenures in office (including the relationship with the president and with the governing parties), this article focuses on the level of party credentials as a critical factor in both the selection and the survival of the prime ministers. Following Grotz and Weber (2017), I argue that a better understanding of how impactful this factor is comes only after a full assessment of the political circumstances in which the selection of the prime minister takes place. “Post-electoral” context may be defined by different goals, tactics, and ambitions than the “replacement” context. I found that party leaders survive longer in prime ministerial office, that they are the first choice in post-electoral contexts, but not necessarily in both contexts taken together, and that technocrats are preferred in replacement contexts, especially when the next legislative elections are getting near.
Teacher social competence, student learning motivation, and learning outcomes in English subject
Authors: Ainy Qurrot , Pratama Hendi
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to investigate the correlation between teacher social competence, student learning motivation, and learning outcomes in English subject. The population of this study is all the students of Junior High School 1 Purbalingga academic year 2019/2020. The sample in this study is 90 students. The sampling technique is stratified convience sampling. In collecting data, there were some research instruments used; questionnaires and documentation. The research data were analyzed by Peason product-moment correlation. Based on the analysis and statistical quantification, it was found that the results of the study were (1) there is a positive and significant correlation between teacher social competence and student learning outcomes as shown by the value of Pearson correlation coefficient 0.919; (2) there is a positive and significant correlation between student learning motivation and student learning outcomes as shown by the value of Pearson correlation coefficient 0.908; (3) there is a positive and significant correlation between teacher social competence and student learning motivation as shown by the value of Pearson correlation coefficient 0.994. In conclusion, teachers’ social competence correlation is higher than students learning motivation. Therefore, the teachers should work on their social skill to improve student learning outcomes. On the other hand, the students needs to motivate themselves.
The Role of IFRS on Financial Reporting Quality and Global Convergence: A Conceptual Review
Authors: Musa Auwalu
Published: August 2020

This study examines the role of International Financial Reporting Standards on financial reporting quality and the global convergence. The IFRS adoption is already an issue of global relevance across countries of the world due to the quest for uniformity, reliability and comparability of financial statements of companies. The adoption of IFRS in Europe is an example of accounting quality across-borders with different institutional frameworks and enforcement rules. This allows investigating whether, and to what extent accounting regulation per se can affect the quality of financial reporting and leads to convergence in financial reporting. Specifically, the study review how the change in the recognition and measurement of firms operating accrual item, the loan loss provision, affects income smoothing behaviour and timely loss recognition. The study found that the IFRS convergence reduces the scope for earnings management, is related to more timely loss recognition and leads to more value relevant accounting measures. Thus, the study reviews background and guidance on the change in financial reporting quality following extensive IFRS adoption around the world countries. The study found that a difference in accounting quality is related to country’s overall infrastructure setting. The study also highlights the importance of investor protection for financial reporting quality and the need for regulators to design mechanisms that limit managers' earnings management practice. The study found from different literatures that the adoption of IFRS leads to higher quality of accounting numbers and improve foreign direct investment across countries.
Determinants of Capital Structure in Listed Insurance Companies in Nigeria
Authors: Bala Sani Abdulrahman , Abatcha Babagana Mallam
Published: August 2020

This study investigates the determinants of capital structure in listed insurance companies in Nigeria for the period of thirteen years, from 2006-2018. Ex-post facto research design was adopted for this study. The population of the study is made up of the 28 insurance companies listed on the floor of the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) as at 2018. Since the population is not too large, this study utilized census sampling technique to take all the population. The data used in this study were secondary data derived from annual reports of insurance companies that are listed on the NSE. The study used panel regression with respect to the use of Hausman specification test to determine the use of fixed or random effect model. The random effect regression result revealed that that firm size has insignificant positive effect on capital structure (CST) of listed insurance companies in Nigeria. The study showed a significant positive effect between age and CST of listed insurance companies in Nigeria. Based on the regression result, asset tangibility has insignificant negative effect on CST, the regression result shows that risk has insignificant positive effect on CST, while the study found that insurance growth has significant positive effect on CST of listed insurance companies in Nigeria. The study concludes that size, age, tangibility of asset, insurance risk and growth are determinants of CST of listed insurance companies in Nigeria. The study recommends that insurance companies should have a high consideration for the value of total asset when determining their capital mix. Also, insurance companies that have been incorporated for long should consider external financing likewise, insurance companies should not give fixed asset priority when considering their capital structure mix. Debt providers should seek for high return in order to hold the risk related to the bankruptcy and financial distress. Lastly, debt holders should require such return to hold the risk of agency conflicts with shareholders and management.
Analisis Biomekanika Keterampilan Gerak Topspin Tenis Meja pada Klub Alaska Kota Pekalongan
Authors: Irmawati Dina Ade , Kresnapati Pandu , Isna Muh.
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis biomekanika keterampilan gerak topspin tenis meja pada klub Alaska Kota Pekalongan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dan dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif analisis. Instrumen utama yang dibutuhkan yaitu software dartfish teampro 5.5 dan video. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah atlet klub Alaska Kota Pekalongan kategori pemula dengan sampel sejumlah 10 atlet tenis meja. Beberapa hasil pengukuran yang disajikan dalam penelitian untuk bahan analisis diperoleh hasil dari kesepuluh subyek dengan rata-rata sudut tekukan siku adalah 61.0˚, ratarata bukaan lengan atas 111.6 ˚, kecondongan tubuh 167.0 ˚, tekukan kaki kanan 166.0 ˚ dan tekukan kaki kiri 150.3 ˚. Rata-rata bukaan kaki sebesar 0.43m. Gerak topspin dengan koordinasi tubuh yang baik dan mengacu pada prinsip–prinsip biomekanika. Dominan sudut tekukan kaki setiap atlet tidak ditekuk secara maksimal karena itu akan berhubungan dengan hasil tarikan tangan saat pukulan topspin sehingga pukulan sedikit tidak dilakukan dengan baik. Semakin kecil sudut tekukan siku yang dihasilkan oleh atlet akan semakin maksimal gerakan yang dihasilkan. Kebanyakan kaki sebagian atlet tidak mau bergeser atau hanya mengandalkan jangkauan tangan dan kecondongan tubuh. Saran untuk semua pelaku olahraga tenis meja diharapkan ditambah menggunakan evaluasi dengan media visual yaitu dengan menggunakan bantuan software dartfish.
Teatro de Reprise telepresencial em tempos de COVID-19
Authors: Rodrigues Rosane , Coutinho Eduardo Tessari , Barêa Janaína Cristina , Aguiar Alexandre de Oliveira e
Published: July 2020

Em tempos de quarentena da COVID-19, é essencial explorar ferramentas para enfrentar os desafi os psicossociais provocados pelo isolamento social e pelas novas rotinas, além de buscar formas de satisfazer as necessidades de encontro, aproveitando os recursos tecnológicos. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar e discutir uma adaptação do Teatro de Reprise com recursos de telepresença. O método desenvolvido foi o de pesquisa-ação. A intervenção específi ca foi iniciativa de um grupo de usuários de um centro cultural, no qual se realiza regularmente Psicodramas Públicos presenciais. A partir do ponto de vista do psicodrama, este trabalho discute as implicações e as possibilidades do uso de uma plataforma tecnológica, os papéis das pessoas envolvidas e a possibilidade de novas sociometrias, em uma intervenção.
Can a Population Targeted by a CRISPR-Based Homing Gene Drive Be Rescued?
Authors: Rode Nicolas O , Courtier-Orgogozo Virginie , Débarre Florence
Published: July 2020

CRISPR-based homing gene drive is a genetic control technique aiming to modify or eradicate natural populations. This technique is based on the release of individuals carrying an engineered piece of DNA that can be preferentially inherited by the progeny. The development of countermeasures is important to control the spread of gene drives, should they result in unanticipated damages. One proposed countermeasure is the introduction of individuals carrying a brake construct that targets and inactivates the drive allele but leaves the wild-type allele unaffected. Here we develop models to investigate the efficiency of such brakes. We consider a variable population size and use a combination of analytical and numerical methods to determine the conditions where a brake can prevent the extinction of a population targeted by an eradication drive. We find that a brake is not guaranteed to prevent eradication and that characteristics of both the brake and the drive affect the likelihood of recovering the wild-type population. In particular, brakes that restore fitness are more efficient than brakes that do not. Our model also indicates that threshold-dependent drives (drives that can spread only when introduced above a threshold) are more amenable to control with a brake than drives that can spread from an arbitrary low introduction frequency (threshold-independent drives). Based on our results, we provide practical recommendations and discuss safety issues.
Civilizational values of EU countries, Russia, and Ukraine (based on the expert survey)
Authors: Rushchenko Ihor
Published: August 2020

The article discusses the differences between societal values in the European Union, the Russian Federation and Ukraine. According to the author's hypothesis, the current Russian-Ukrainian hybrid war is triggered not by interests but by the idea of imposing and maintaining the dominance of certain values. The empirical basis of the research is derived from a poll of experts conducted by the author during the II Kharkiv International Security Forum on November 29–30, 2019. As a part of survey methodology, a group of experts (50 respondents) was asked to assess the importance of societal values from the list (which consisted of 30 positions) in accordance with three locations — the EU countries, the Russian Federation, and Ukraine. A seven-digit ordinal scale (0 to 6) was used for evaluation. The list includes social values that are (or are not) essential for building a certain type of a social system. The findings of the study demonstrate that the top-10 social values in the EU and the Russian Federation are completely different. The EU countries: 1) Rule of Law, 2) Human Rights, 3) Private Property, 4) Democracy, 5) Person as Such, 6) Peaceful Existence, 7) Economic Efficiency, 8) Self-Identity (Me), 9) Liberty, 10) Civil Society. RF: 1) Victory in World War II, 2) National leader, 3) Army, 4) State, 5) Vodka, 6) Social Hierarchy, 7) Ideology, 8) Money, 9) Church, 10) Violence. The Ukrainian society occupies an intermediate position between the European and Russian civilization systems. The top-10 values in Ukraine are: 1) Money, 2) Freedom, 3) Army, 4) Children, 5) Peaceful existence, 6) Family, 7) Land, 8) Democracy, 9) Church, 10) State. The Ukrainian value system has not been fully developed, and the survey revealed that there is a shift of the value system towards the values of the united Europe. The dominant values in the EU countries are humanistic in their principles and create the foundation for the development of civil society. Meanwhile the principal Russian values are focused on strengthening the militarized state and rejection of European tradition by Russian society.
Tensiones y dilemas de la producción cocalera
Authors: Gutiérrez Sanín Francisco
Published: August 2020

Los retos asociados al cultivo de la coca han sido objeto de debate más o menos permanente desde su inserción en el país. Este artículo se orienta a caracterizarlos, apoyándose en material empírico nuevo –una encuesta entre usuarios del Programa Nacional Integral de Sustitución de Cultivos de Uso Ilícito (PNIS) en Puerto Asís y Tumaco, trabajo de campo en esos dos municipios, bases de datos de afiliados al PNIS en otros territorios y trabajo de archivo– y en una reflexión sobre el significado de la coca en el largo proceso de expansión de la frontera agraria en Colombia.
Notes on Australasian Orchids 6: A new species of Rhizanthella (Diurideae, subtribe Prasophyllinae) from Eastern Australia
Authors: Clements Mark A. , Jones David L.
Published: July 2020

Rhizanthella speciosa, a new species of the remarkable Australian underground orchids, is  described as new from New South Wales. The new species, which is morphologically distinct and apparently  also genetically distinct from its congeners and strikingly beautiful with its sea-anemone-like flowerheads and  prominent attenuate sepals, grows in a different habitat than its geographically closest relative.

Keywords:  Australian orchid flora, New underground orchid, Orchidoideae, Rhizanthella speciosa
Experiencing the Cosmos
Authors: Patzelt Maik
Published: July 2020

This article is a first attempt to disclose the experiential quality of those silent prayers which Seneca suggests are most appropriate to his readers. Previous studies highlight these silent prayers as being solely ethical and, therefore, entirely unemotional, but a close and rigorous reading of Seneca’s references to them through the lens of a cognitive approach shows these prayers are actually considered as ecstatic practices, indeed ecstatic strategies that – in combination with Seneca’s philosophical framework – facilitate an experience of the divine, even an experience of the contemplation of the divine.
Eficiencia del sector bancario colombiano y chileno en la administración de los márgenes financieros
Authors: Parada Algarra Nidia , Rodríguez Esteves Guillermo
Published: August 2020

El objetivo principal del presente artículo fue, revisar y comparar los márgenes financieros (estos se calculan de acuerdo con la metodología de la Superintendencia Financiera de Colombia, la cual se realiza sobre los activos totales) del sistema bancario colombiano frente a un país referente de la región, para nuestro caso, Chile, con respecto a su evolución en los servicios bancarios a nivel de Latinoamérica. Para este análisis, se utilizó información financiera comparativa de los dos últimos años (2016 y 2017) registrada por los dos países en las páginas web de las superintendencias que vigilan el sector financiero, con el fin de evaluar la eficiencia en la administración de estos márgenes y la incidencia que tiene en el usuario final.
Lo anterior, permitió evidenciar que en Colombia los servicios bancarios, no son los óptimos comparados con el país de referencia, debido a que la estructura de gastos operativos es demasiado elevada respecto a los ingresos que percibe, lo cual conlleva afectar al usuario financiero con los altos costos de endeudamiento, bajos rendimientos en sus ahorros y costos elevados en la administración de sus productos. Por tanto, este tipo de instituciones deben adoptar medidas que permitan optimizar estas erogaciones, y hacer énfasis en lo que se refiere al uso de medios electrónicos para operaciones transaccionales.
La política económica en Colombia a partir de las reformas estructurales de los años 90 del siglo XX
Authors: Bocanegra Porras Diana Marcela , Ríos Otálvaro Erika Fernanda
Published: August 2020

El artículo a continuación sintetiza las causas y efectos de las crisis financieras más importantes de los últimos años y las acciones realizadas por las autoridades económicas colombianas para contrarrestarlas. El articulo comienza explicando si la crisis asiática y rusa de finales de los 90; la crisis financiera norteamericana de 2008; la caída de los precios del petróleo en 2014 afectó la economía colombiana y cuando exactamente el país recibió dichas repercusiones. Después de este análisis se detallan los efectos de cada una de las crisis en la economía colombiana y que cambios presenta el país en los años siguientes a las mismas, también se revisan los canales de transmisión utilizados en cada una de ellas. Al tener esta información clara entramos a analizar cuáles fueron las acciones tomadas por las autoridades económicas ante shocks y crisis inesperadas, cuáles fueron las medidas realizadas en políticas cambiarias, monetarias y fiscales. Y terminamos el documento estudiando si la reacción fue oportuna y tuvo los efectos deseados en base a lo aprendido a lo largo del bloque de estudio.
WASTE WATER TREATMENT IN SPACE CONDITIONS
Authors: L. F. Dolyna  , Y. O. Zhdan  , D. A. Dolyna
Published: July 2020

Purpose. The main purpose of the article is to develop a technology for wastewater treatment in space. Methodology. The studies were performed based on the analysis of Ukrainian and foreign scientific sources and reporting data on the specifics of water use at space stations and the treatment methods of the used waters (wastewaters). In addition to international experience, our own research was used to develop a technology for wastewater treatment in space. Findings. A comprehensive review of the issues related to wastewater treatment in space, allows us to conclude that it is necessary to regenerate water at International space stations (ISS). Indeed, to ensure the life support of the astronauts, a colossal amount of water is required, and its delivery to the ISS from the Earth is expensive. Originality. The authors of the article analyzed the operation of existing wastewater treatment facilities in space and made recommendations for their use at the ISS. The developed technology for the treatment of wastewater and drinking water in zero-gravity (space) is based on the use of various reactors. They can be made of various materials (metal, plastic, etc.); they do not contain non-standard equipment that requires factory manufacturing. Compactness, complete tightness and small dimensions of bio- and physicochemical reactors allow them to be installed within the ISS. The cleaning process is easy to manage and can be fully automated. Practical value. Water problems are central to the whole world, including in space. The ISS should have a system for the wastewater treatment and their closed use, since the supply of new water to stations significantly increases the cost of space exploration. Quality water is the health and well-being of people in space. Since there is no gravity in space, centrifugal forces (centrifuges) must be used to separate suspended particles from water.
DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS OF MAIN DEFECTS AND THEORETICAL FORECAST OF RAIL SERVICE LIFE IN THE CONDITIONS OF LUBRICATION
Authors: S. V. Voronin  , B. S. Asadov  , V. O. Stefanov  , D. V. Onopreichuk  , O. O. Gubin
Published: July 2020

Purpose. The study is aimed at identifying the patterns of the load influence on the rail and the parameters of the two-layer lubrication on the development of the main rail defects, namely, lateral wear in the curved track sections. Methodology. To establish the distribution of the main rail defects by type and sections of the track, expert estimates of the track service of the Azerbaijan Railway were used with respect to the results of measurements of defective parameters and rail service life on individual sections. To establish the load influence patterns and the parameters of the two-layer lubrication on the intensity of lateral wear of the rails and their service life in the curves, we used the main provisions of the contact interaction mechanics, as well as tribology and chemmotology. Findings. The authors proved: 1) the leading rail defects in the curved track sections are defects associated with low contact fatigue strength of steel, high contact stresses and friction forces along the lateral surface; 2) according to the obtained distribution, the main rail defects in the curves should include: lateral wear of the head, metal shelling along the lateral surface, transverse cracks in the head in the subsurface area; 3) the use of a two-layer lubrication leads to an increase in the actual contact area of the wheel and the rail, a decrease in the contact pressure on the rail, and in aggregate, to a decrease in lateral wear and an increase in the rail service life. Originality. The authors first systematized the results of measurements of the rail defects parameters in curves and, on this basis, obtained a distribution of the main defects depending on the curve radius. The authors improved the mathematical model for calculating the service life of rails in curves, which, unlike the existing ones, takes into account the thickness of the lubricating film and the concentration of the solid anti-friction additive in the oil when lubricating the lateral surface. Practical value. The obtained results allow us to perform predictive calculations of the rail service life in curved sections depending on the load from the wheel for different operating conditions, namely, with dry contact of the wheel with the rail and in the conditions of their two-layer lubrication. The implementation of two-layer lubrication in railway transport, taking into account the influence of the studied parameters, will lead to an increase in the rail service life in the curves by 55%, 50% and 45% with an estimated rolling stock mass of 60, 70 and 80 tons.
STRENGTH DETERMINATION OF LOAD-BEARING STRUCTURE OF ARTICULATED FLATCAR OF ROUND PIPES
Authors: O. V. Fomin  , A. O. Lovska
Published: July 2020

Purpose. This study aims to determine the strength of the load-bearing structure of the articulated flatcar of round pipes. Methodology. A computer model of the load-bearing structure of an articulated flatcar of round pipes has been created. To study the dynamic loading of the load-bearing structure of the flatcar, mathematical modeling was performed. The calculation is made in a flat coordinates. The oscillations of twitching, pitching and bouncing are taken into account. The motion differential equations are solved in MathCad software. Findings. It was established that the accelerations that fall upon the load-bearing structure of the first section of the flatcar are 38.2 m/s², and the second – about 37.5 m/s². The obtained acceleration values are taken into account when determining the strength indicators of the flatcar load-bearing structure. The calculation is done using the finite element method in CosmosWorks software. It is taken into account that each section of the flatcar is loaded by two 20-foot containers. The results of the calculations made it possible to conclude that the maximum equivalent stresses occur in the cantilever parts of center sill and are about 200 MPa, i.e., they do not exceed the allowable ones. The maximal displacements in the structural node are fixed in the middle parts of the sections and are 3.8 mm, the maximum deformations are 2,3·10-3. Originality. A computer model has been developed to determine the strength of the load-bearing structure of articulated flatcar made of round pipes. The model allows determining the strength indicators of the flatcar load-bearing structure with longitudinal loading of the structure. Practical value. The conducted research will increase operation efficiency of combined transportations and create recommendations on modern designing of articulated flatcars.
ORGANIZING WIRELESS NETWORK AT MARSHALLING YARDS USING THE BEE METHOD
Authors: Pakhomova V. M. , Nazarova D. I.
Published: July 2020

Purpose. In general, today wireless networks are widely used as an alternative to wired, allowing you to connect multiple devices, both among themselves in the local and global Internet. However, at the present stage in Ukraine there is no widespread use of a wireless network at rail transport, therefore it is advisable to conduct research on the deployment of such a network, in particular, at a marshalling yard. Methodology. Using LocBS‑BeeCol program model written in Python according to the bee colony algorithm the optimal number of base stations (BS) of the wireless network and their location at the marshalling yards was determined, as well as research on the bee algorithm parameters was conducted. Input data of the LocBS‑BeeCol model are as follows: marshalling yard parameters (area, number of clients that need to be connected to base stations); wireless network parameters (base station coverage radius, maximum number of clients for one base station); parameters of the bee colony algorithm (number of scout bees, number of attempts to find the optimal solution using one bee). Findings. For marshalling yards of various capacities (small, medium and high), the optimal number of base stations of the wireless network was obtained with restrictions on the coverage radius of the base station and the number of clients connected to it. Thus, for example, to connect 300 clients at medium-sized marshalling yards with an area of 2500x500 m2, 93 base stations with a coverage radius of 50 m are needed. Originality. The quality of the obtained solutions significantly depends on the choice of the bee colony algorithm parameters. A study of the base stations number of the wireless network and search time for finding the optimal solution for different number of bees and the number of attempts to find the optimal solution using the bee for marshalling yards of various capacities was carried out. It was determined that an increase in the number of bees (from 10 to 50) and the number of attempts to find the optimal solution by a bee (from 10 to 50) improves the quality of the optimal solution (decrease in the number of base stations by an average of 6.5% and 9.3%), respectively. In addition, increase in the bee number (from 10 to 50) reduces the search time for the optimal solution by bees by an average of 1.8 times, while increase in the number of attempts to find the optimal solution by a bee (from 10 to 50) will increase search time for the optimal solution on average 2.14 times. Practical value. An algorithm and its software implementation have been developed, which make it possible to determine the required number of base stations and their location when deploying a wireless network at a marshalling yards. For marshalling yards with high capacity, when the coverage radius of the base station is doubled (from 50 to100 m), their number decreases by about half (from 136 to 64), while the time for finding the optimal solution by bees increases by 2.5 times (from 8.4 to 20.6 s).
Expression and antigenic analysis of the recombinant TRP36 protein from Ehrlichia canis São Paulo strain for serologic tests
Authors: Medeiros Miguel Ângelo da Silva , Silva Maria Helena da , Matta Maria Adelaide do Valle , Ferreira Eliane de Oliveira , Machado Sérgio Lisboa , Soares João Fábio , Labruna Marcelo Bahia , Toma Helena Keiko , Xavier Márcia de Souza , Meirelles Maria de Nazareth Silveira Leal de , Almosny Nádia Regina Pereira
Published: August 2020

Abstract Ehrlichia canis is the main etiological agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME), a globally canine infectious disease. In Brazil, CME is considered to be endemic, and its prevalence can reach 65% in some states. The diagnosis of ehrlichiosis is important for treatment and epidemiological purposes. The E. canis TRP36 (Tandem Repeat Protein) protein elicits the earliest acute-phase antibody response observed during the course of the disease. This study aimed to generate the recombinant TRP36 protein from E. canis São Paulo strain and to evaluate its potential as a tool for the serologic diagnosis of CME. The E. canis São Paulo isolate was cultivated in DH82 lineage cells, and its genomic DNA was obtained. The bacterial DNA fragment encoding the entire ORF of TRP36 was cloned into the pBAD/Thio-TOPO vector and transformed into Escherichia coli DH10B competent cells with the trp36-bearing plasmid for protein expression. To evaluate the protein antigenicity, 16 canine serum samples were previously tested (by PCR and the commercial SNAP®4Dx® serological test). The results were in accordance with the SNAP®4Dx® test. Experiments using this recombinant protein as an antigen, targeting the development of a serologic test based on ELISA methodology, are the next step to produce a reliable, affordable and useful diagnostic tool for CME in Brazil.
Fatores associados à realização de acolhimento pelas equipes da Atenção Básica à Saúde no Brasil, 2012: um estudo transversal
Authors: Giordani Jessye Melgarejo do Amaral , Amaral Orlando Luiz do Amaral Júnior , Hugo Fernando Neves , Hilgert Juliana Balbinot
Published: July 2020

Objetivo. Avaliar a prevalência e os fatores associados à realização de acolhimento pelas equipes da Atenção Básica à Saúde no Brasil. Métodos. Estudo transversal, realizado com equipes que aderiram ao PMAQ-AB 2012 (Ciclo I). O desfecho utilizado foi o ‘acolhimento pela equipe de saúde’; as variáveis independentes foram macrorregião, perfil municipal, índice de Gini e cobertura populacional da Estratégia Saúde da Família, reunião de equipe, estudo da demanda espontânea, consideração da opinião do usuário e existência de educação permanente. Realizou-se análise multinível, por regressão de Poisson. Resultados. A amostra foi composta por 13.751 equipes. Aprevalência de acolhimento foi de 78,3% (IC95% 77,6;79,1). Na análise hierárquica, a maior prevalência de acolhimento foi entre as equipes pertencentes à região Sul (RP=1,37 – IC95% 1,27;1,48), tendo por referência a região Nordeste. Conclusão. Háuma distribuição desigual de equipes da Atenção Básica que realizam o acolhimento no país, possivelmente associada às iniquidades regionais.
PKD1-Dependent Renal Cystogenesis in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Ureteric Bud/Collecting Duct Organoids
Authors: Kuraoka Shohei , Tanigawa Shunsuke , Taguchi Atsuhiro , Hotta Akitsu , Nakazato Hitoshi , Osafune Kenji , Kobayashi Akio , Nishinakamura Ryuichi
Published: August 2020

Significance Statement

Models of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) are possible in nephron progenitor–derived human kidney organoids that form from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that have had PKD genes deleted, enabling cyst formation. However, this has not been achieved in the ureteric bud/collecting duct lineage, despite the prevalence of collecting duct cysts in patients. Cysts formed in ureteric bud organoids derived from iPSCs with homozygous deleted PKD1, as well as in ureteric bud organoids generated from heterozygous mutant iPSCs and from a patient with ADPKD who had a heterozygous missense mutation, all upon cAMP stimulation. These PKD1 mutant organoids can model human ADPKD in the collecting duct lineage, complementing existing cell and animal models.

Background

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary kidney disease leading to renal failure, wherein multiple cysts form in renal tubules and collecting ducts derived from distinct precursors: the nephron progenitor and ureteric bud (UB), respectively. Recent progress in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) biology has enabled cyst formation in nephron progenitor–derived human kidney organoids in which PKD1 or PKD2, the major causative genes for ADPKD, are deleted. However, cysts have not been generated in UB organoids, despite the prevalence of collecting duct cysts in patients with ADPKD.

Methods

CRISPR-Cas9 technology deleted PKD1 in human iPSCs and the cells induced to differentiate along pathways leading to formation of either nephron progenitor or UB organoids. Cyst formation was investigated in both types of kidney organoid derived from PKD1-deleted iPSCs and in UB organoids generated from iPSCs from a patient with ADPKD who had a missense mutation.

Results

Cysts formed in UB organoids with homozygous PKD1 mutations upon cAMP stimulation and, to a lesser extent, in heterozygous mutant organoids. Furthermore, UB organoids generated from iPSCs from a patient with ADPKD who had a heterozygous missense mutation developed cysts upon cAMP stimulation.

Conclusions

Cysts form in PKD1 mutant UB organoids as well as in iPSCs derived from a patient with ADPKD. The organoids provide a robust model of the genesis of ADPKD.
Monitoring Risk From Collateral Runs
Authors: Vardoulakis Alexandros P. , Infante Sebastian
Published: August 2020

We present an estimate of the total amount of funds primary dealers can access from the intermediation of cash and securities through secured funding transactions (SFTs). We highlight how this activity can introduce an additional source of risk: the abrupt withdrawal of cash borrowers, which we call collateral runs.