bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN TEPUNG KULIT UDANG PADA PAKAN KOMERSIL TERHADAP TINGKAT KECERAHAN WARNA IKAN KOMET (Carrasius auratus)
Authors: Efianda T Reza , Sabirin Sabirin , Islama Dini , Mulyani Rahma
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengatahui pengaruh pemberian tepung kulit udang pada pakan komersil terhadap tingkat kecerahan warna ikan komet (Carrasius auratus). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Teknologi Produksi Benih dan Pakan Ikan. Rancangan percoban yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial dimana terdiri dari 4 perlakuan 4 ulangan, A0 = 100% pakan komersil (Kontrol), A1 = Tepung kulit udang 10 gram/90 gram pakan komersil A2 = pakan Tepung kulit udang 20 gram/(80 gram) pakan komersil A3 = Tepung kulit udang 30 gram/(70 gram) pakan komersil. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahawa pemberian tepung kulit udang berpengaruh nyata terhadap rasio konversi pakan dan yang terbaik A3= 1,85% benih ikan komet ( Carrasius auratus). Namun, pemberian tepung kulit pada pakan komersil tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tingkat kecerahan warna ikan komet (Carrasius auratus). Semakin tinggi dosis pemberian tepung kulit udang dalam pakan menghasilkan tingkat kecerahan warna orange yang lebih tinggi.
PENGARUH PENDEKATAN KONTEKSTUAL TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA ARITMATIKA SOSIAL SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 3 KOTA PALU
Authors: Marina Marina , Suciati Indah
Published: February 2021

This study aims to find out whether the contextual learning approach is effectively applied to the learning process in the classroom seen from student achievement. The type of research used is quantitative experiment research with quasi-experimental research methods. The population of this study were all class VII SMP Negeri 3 Palu registered in 2018/2019 as many as 339 students. the sampling technique is purposive sampling which in sampling the researcher has certain considerations in taking the sample, in this study the researcher requires two classes that are homogeneous in their abilities and can represent the characteristics of the population. The results of learning achievement using a contextual approach obtained an average value of 84.5 while the class using the conventional method obtained an average value of 69.5. Based on the results of the calculation of paired sample test analysis, the t value was -46.934 with a significance of 0.000 <0.05 where there were differences in mathematics learning achievement of students taught using a contextual approach with students taught using conventional methods that were quite significant, with in other words there is the influence of the contextual approach to the achievement of students' social arithmetic mathematics learning
KEMAMPUAN SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS PUISI BEBAS BERTEMA BENCANA SULAWESI TENGAH (SULTENG) PADA SISWA KELAS V SDN BULURI PALU
Authors: Fardani Rani
Published: February 2021

This study aims to find out: (1) How is the ability of fifth-grade students at Elementary School in Buluri Palu to determine the main ideas of making poetry about  Central Sulawesi disaster (Central Sulawesi), (2) How is the ability of students to use the right choice of words/ diction based on the creativity of the Central Sulawesi disaster theme , (3) How is the ability of students in learning to write free poetry with the theme of Central Sulawesi disaster. The method used in this study was descriptive qualitative, with the subject of the study were all of the fifth-grade students in Buluri Elementary School consisted of 29 students. To measure and assess students' abilities, a poetry writing ability test is used. The indicator validation used is in accordance with the guidelines from the school where the research is conducted. Based on the analysis, the results showed that, (1) In determining the poetry main ideas with the Central Sulawesi disaster theme, fifth-grade students were said to be capable, because of the 29 students obtained very precise qualifications of 3 students (10.34%), 23 students were qualified correctly (79.32%), the qualifications are not quite right (0%), the qualifications are not exactly 3 students (10.34%). (2) In the aspect of using word/ diction, fifth-grade students are said to be unable, because of the 29 students who received very precise qualifications 3 students (10.34%), the right qualifications were 7 students (24.14%), the qualifications were not exactly 8 students (27.59%), improper qualifications were 11 students (37.93%). (3)Generally, this study can be described that fifth-grade students have not been able to write free poetry with the theme of the Central Sulawesi disaster. This is evidenced by the acquisition of fifth-grade students, from 29 students, 5 students (17.24%) were able to write poetry with the theme of Central Sulawesi disaster, while 24 students (82.76%) were unable to write poetry with the theme of Central Sulawesi disaster
PERAN GURU DALAM PROSES DIVERSI TINDAK PIDANA ANAK
Authors: Utami Fidyah Faramita , Purnamasari Andi Intan
Published: February 2021

Diversi merupakan salah satu sistem penyelesaian tindak pidana anak, yang dilakukan di luar pengadilan pidana. Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak, merupakan lex spesialis dan satu-satunya sistem dalam hukum pidana yang menggunakan sistem diversi. Keterlibatan banyak pihak menjadi salah satu keunikan sistem ini, serupa namun tak sama, begitulah perbandingan antara sistem diversi dengan mediasi. Keterlibatan beberapa pihak inilah menjadi ciri pembeda antara diversi dengan mediasi, bila mediasi hanya melibatkan pihak-pihak yang berkonflik, diversi melibatkan bukan hanya pihak yang berkonflik namun juga melibatkan pihak lain seperti tokoh masyarakat, orang tua (anak pelaku tindak pidana), tokoh agama, guru dan aparat penegak hukum. Namun dari semua pihak yang terlibat, guru dianggap salah satu pihak yang memiliki peran besar. Sebab guru sebagai pengganti orang tua, memiliki waktu bersama anak lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan pihak-pihak lainnya. Olehnya  dalam penelitian ini mengangkat isu tentang bagaimana peran guru dalam proses diversi tindak pidana tindak pidana anak? Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui sejauh mana peran seorang guru sebagai tenaga pendidik dalam penyelesaian perkara pidana melalui sistem diversi. Adapun metode penelitian dengan menggunakan sistem social jurosprudence. Dan kesimpulan pada penelitian ini, bahwa peran guru terhadap pelaksanaan diversi pada tindak pidana anak sangatlah dibutuhkan, sebab guru mampu melakukan pendekatan dengan menggunakan  psikologi pendidikan melalui  konteks kepribadian, intelektual, maupun emosi kejiwaan anak guna mengarahkan anak menjadi pribadi intelektual masa depan. Oleh sebab itu, undang-undang memberikan ruang terhadap guru hadir dan berperan pada proses diversi tindak pidana anak. 

Kata Kunci : Guru, Diversi, Tindak Pidana dan Anak
IMPLEMENTASI PROSES BELAJAR PAI DI SMP ALKHAIRAAT TOLIBA
Authors: Medopa Nurmaya
Published: February 2021

This research includes implementation, implications, supporting factors, obstacles to the implementation of Islamic Religious Education learning at Alkhairaat Toliba Middle School. The research used a qualitative approach based on field research, the research data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, analysis, reduction, presentation, and data levers. The results of the study found that: The implementation process of learning Islamic religious education at SMP Alkhairaat Toliba includes curriculum evaluation, evaluation process, the concept of KTSP, creating a religious culture as an implementation of the learning process. The implication of the learning process of Islamic Religious Education in increasing the religious understanding of students at Alkhairaat Junior High School in Toliba Village has a positive effect on increasing students' understanding above the standard of completeness of the Islamic Religious Education learning process. Supporting factors; the ability of teachers, provision of teaching aids / learning media, support for madrasah principals and staff. The inhibiting factors are: a picture of limited time to study Islamic Religious Education, difficulties in dealing with the character of students
KAJIAN KEBIJAKAN PENINGKATAN PROFESIONALISME GURU DAN DOSEN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Idris Idris
Published: February 2021

Tugas dan tanggung jawab guru dan dosen dituntut untuk mempunyai kemampuan atau kompetensi yang memadai, baik kompetensi personal, kompetensi sosial, kompetensi kepribadian serta sebuah kompetensi professional.  Pelaksanaan tugas dan tanggung jawab guru dan dosen tersebut senantiasa perlu dikontrol dan dikembangkan sedemikian rupa sehingga lebih optimal dan relevan dengan kebutuhan yang ada. Di  dalam  penyelenggaraan  pendidikan  di  lembaga  pendidikan  tinggi, dosen mempunyai kedudukan yang sangat penting dan strategis dalam kerangka pencapaian tujuan pendidikan yang ditetapkan. Dosen mempunyai otoritas yang cukup besar dalam mengelola pendidikan dan perkuliahan, mulai dari penyusunan rencana perkuliahan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi serta tindak lanjutnya. Di samping dalam tugas pada bidang  pendidikan  dan  pembelajaran,  dosen  juga  mempunyai  tugas lainnya yaitu melaksanakan kegiatan penelitian, dan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat.
GAMBARAN CT SCAN ATAU USG PENDERITA HEPATOMA YANG DIRAWAT DI RSU ANUTAPURA DAN RSUD UNDATA PALU PERIODE 2015-2017
Authors: Natsir Muhammad Zhafran , Amran Mukramin , Livi Husna
Published: February 2021

Hepatoma merupakan pertumbuhan sel hati yang tidak normal yang di tandai dengan bertambahnya jumlahsel dalam hati yang memiliki kemampuan membelah/mitosis disertai dengan perubahan sel hati yang menjadiganas. Angka kejadian hepatoma di Indonesia cukup jarang namun memiliki dampak yang sangat besar.Gambaran CT Scan atau USG pada penderita hepatoma sangat penting untuk mendeteksi serta terapi yangtepat untuk mengatasi hepatoma. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran CT Scan atauUSG pada penderita hepatoma berdasarkan jumlah nodul, lokasi lesi, dan metastasis. Metode penelitianbersifat deskriptif pada 38 data penderita hepatoma yang dirawat di RSU Anutapura dan RSUD Undata PaluPeriode 2015-2017, untuk mengetahui distribusi gambaran CT Scan atau USG pada penderita hepatomaberdasarkan jumlah nodul, lokasi lesi, dan metastasis dengan cara memeriksa data rekam medik pasien.Pengolahan data menggunakan SPSS 21 untuk menghitung distribusi frekuensi ,masing-masing variabel.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa distribusi gambaran CT Scan atau USG pada penderita hepatoma yangdirawat di RSU Anutapura dan RSUD Undata Palu Periode 2015-2017 adalah sebagai berikut (1) palingsering pada pasien laki-laki lansia akhir; pada pasien yang memiliki jumlah lesi lebih dari satu sebanyak 28pasien (73,7%); pada pasien yang memiliki lokasi lesi pada lobus kanan hepar sebanyak 32 pasien (84,2%);pada pasien yang memiliki lesi yang bermetastasis sebanyak 20 pasien (52,6%). Disimpulkan bahwagambaran CT Scan atau USG pada penderita hepatoma yang dirawat di RSU Anutapura dan RSUD UndataPalu periode 2015-2017 ditemukan yang paling banyak memiliki jumlah lesi lebih dari satu, memiliki lesipada lobus kanan hepar, dan lesi sudah bermetastasis.Kata Kunci: gambaran CT Scan, USG, Hepatoma
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KURANGNYA MINAT IBU TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN METODE KONTRASEPSI IMPLANT DI WILAYAH PUSKESMAS PONRE KECAMATAN GANTARANG KABUPATEN BULUKUMBA
Authors: Kamaruddin Mudyawati , Sumarni  , Ganie A. Haryanti Ganie , Misnawaty  , Misriyani  , Rivandi Akhmad , Purnamasari Dewi
Published: February 2021

Kontrasepsi adalah obat atau alat untuk mencegah terjadinya konsepsi/kehamilan. Implant merupakan salah satu metode kontrasepsi hormonal yang efektif, yang diinsersikan tepat di bawah kulit, dilakukan pada bagian dalam lengan atas atau di bawah siku melalui insisi tunggal dalam bentuk kipas, tidak permanen dan dapat mencegah terjadinya kehamilan antara tiga hingga lima tahun. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kurangnya minat ibu terhadap penggunaan metode kontrasepsi implant di Wilayah Puskesmas Ponre Kecamatan Gantarang Kabupaten Bulukumba. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah analitik studi cross sectional, dengan populasi semua ibu pengguna kontrasepsi hormonal sejumlah 33 responden dengan teknik total sampling. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu lembar kuisioner, kemudian dianalisa secara univariat dan bivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara sumber informasi dengan minat ibu terhadap penggunaan metode kontrasepsi implant dengan p value = 0,016. Sedangkan dua variabel yang lain pendidikan dan pengetahuan ibu sebagai responden tidak terdapat hubungan dengan minat ibu terhadap penggunaan metode kontrasepsi implant dengan p value masing-masing adalah 0,943 dan 0,147. Dan dari 33 responden yang diteliti yang minat terhadap penggunaan kontrasepsi implant sebanyak 3 orang (9,1%) dan non implant sebanyak 30 orang (90,9%). Hal ini menunjukkan faktor sumber informasi sangat berperan penting untuk menyebarkan informasi dan pengetahuan tentang metode kontrasepsi implant. Diharapkan petugas atau tenaga kesehatan dapat memberikan konseling tentang macam-macam metode kontrasepsi pada ibu calon pengguna kontrasepsi sebagai tambahan pengetahuan kepada wanita usia subur melalui kegiatan warga dengan membagikan selebaran tentang semua alat kontrasepsi termasuk implant.
ANGKA KEJADIAN DAN FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN JANIN LETAK SUNGSANG DARI IBU HAMIL YANG MELAHIRKAN DI RSWS MAKASSAR
Authors: Ilhamjaya Andi Meutiah , Tawali Suryani
Published: February 2021

Letak sungsang merupakan salah satu bentuk malpresentasi janin pada ibu hamil. Di Indonesia, kelainan letak ini mengakibatkan kematian anak kurang lebih 14%. Prognosis pada bayi akibat persalinan presentasi sungsang ini jauh lebih jelek dibanding presentasi kepala. Sejauh ini belum pernah dilaporkan angka kejadian janin letak sungsang di RSUP.Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui angka kejadian dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan janin letak sungsang dari ibu hamil yang melahirkan di RSWS Makassar tahun 2012. Jenis penelitian ini adalah studi deskriptif dan analitik, menggunakan data sekunder. Penelitian ini menunjukkan : Dari 863 persalinan di RSUP. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar pada tahun 2012, ditemukan 16 orang ibu hamil dengan janin letak sungsang (1,85%). Dari 16 orang ibu tersebut, ditemukan faktor risiko prematur, multipara, gemelli, plasenta previa, oligohidramnion. Tidak ditemukan panggul sempit dan hydrocephalus. Ada 3 orang dengan 1 faktor risiko (2 orang oligohidramnion, 1 orang prematur), 5 orang dengan 2 faktor risiko sekaligus, dan 5 orang dengan 3 faktor risiko sekaligus. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa gemelli merupakan faktor risiko tunggal yang bermakna (p=0,010) walaupun OR tidak dapat dihitung. Prematur, plasenta previa, dan oligohidramnion mempunyai OR>1 (faktor risiko) tetapi tidak berhubungan bermakna (p>0,05). OR untuk multipara <1. Kesimpulan penelitian  ini  menunjukkan  bahwa gemelli dapat menjadi faktor risiko tunggal, dan faktor risiko lainnya berpeluang lebih besar bila ditemukan bersama-sama, minimal 2 faktor.
EFEKTIVITAS SENAM HAMIL TERHADAP KELANCARAN PERSALINAN KALA II PADA IBU INPARTU DI PUSKESMAS BULUPODDO KABUPATEN SINJAI
Authors: Azis Marlina , Alza Nurfaizah , Triananinsi Nurhidayat , Dian Pertiwi Andi Yuyun , Kamaruddin Mudyawati
Published: February 2021

Senam hamil yang dilakukan secara teratur selama masa tiga bulan (trimester ketiga) terakhir dapat mengurangi resiko partus lama. Hal ini terjadi karena peningkatan kadar hormon endorphin dalam tubuh sewaktu senam, yang secara alami berfungsi sebagai penahan rasa sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas senam hamil terhadap kelancaran persalinan kala II pada ibu inpartu di Puskesmas Bulupoddo Kab. Sinjai. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi analitik dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan purposive sampling. Responden pada penelitian ini adalah ibu bersalin yang memenuhi persyaratan dengan sebanyak 35 orang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut didapatkan hasil dari 35 responden yang diteliti terdapat 91,4% (32 orang) yang melakukan senam hamil dengan 85,7%  yang mengalami persalinan kala II normal dan sisanya sebanyak 5,7%yang melakukan senam hamil tapi mengalami persalinan kala II tidak normal. Sedangkan dan 3 orang (8,6%) yang tidak melakukan senam hamil dan mengalami persalinan tidak normal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di atas menunjukkan ρ< α yang artinya 0,005 lebih kecil dari nilai 0,05, artinya terdapat hubungan signifikan antara senam hamil dan terjadinya kelancaran persalinan kala II ibu inpartu di Puskesmas Bulupoddo Kabupaten Sinjai. Sebaiknya ibu hamil rutin melakukan senam hamil untuk menjaga kebugaran dan memperlancar proses persalinan demi kesehatan ibu dan janinnya.
KAJIAN PENGETAHUAN IBU HAMIL TENTANG BAHAYA ASAP ROKOK PADA KEHAMILAN DI PUSKESMAS HERLANG KABUPATEN BULUKUMBA
Authors: Kamaruddin Mudyawati , Andi Asriany  , Kasmawati  , Triananinsi Nurhidayat
Published: February 2021

Paparan asap rokok yang dapat mengakibatkan resiko pada kehamilan, dibagi menjadi perokok aktif dan pasif. Efek dari paparan asap rokok pada ibu hamil sangat berbahaya karena 75% asap rokok akan terhirup oleh ibu hamil dan dapat berpengaruh pada janin yang ada dalam kandungan antara lain seperti bayi prematur, bayi terlahir dengan berat badan lahir rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang bahaya asap rokok terhadap kehamilan.  Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriftif kuantitatif dengan teknik total sampling.  Responden yang digunakan adalah 42 ibu hamil yang memenuhi persyaratan, dengan mengisi instrumen penelitian yang berupa lembar tes dan dianalisis secara univariat Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dari 42 responden yang dilakukan tes pengetahuan tentang bahaya rokok terhadap janin oleh ibu hamil diperoleh kategori berpengetahuan baik14,3%, yang berpengetahuan cukup adalah 61,9%, dan yang masuk dalam kategori berpengetahuan kurang  sebesar 23,8%. Disimpulkan bahwa    pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang bahaya asap rokok bagi kehamilan masih belum memadai. Harapannya denga hasil penelitian ini menambah referensi bagi Puskesmas dalam memberikan penyuluhan kepada masyarakat tentang bahaya asap rokok bagi baik ibu hamil terutama terhadap janin.
SPON1 Is Associated with Amyloid-β and APOE ε4-Related Cognitive Decline in Cognitively Normal Adults
Authors: Fernandez Shane , Burnham Samantha C. , Milicic Lidija , Savage Greg , Maruff Paul , Peretti Madeline , Sohrabi Hamid R. , Lim Yen Ying , Weinborn Michael , Ames David , Masters Colin L. , Martins Ralph N. , Rainey-Smith Stephanie , Rowe Christopher C. , Salvado Olivier , Groth David , Verdile Giuseppe , Villemagne Victor L. , Porter Tenielle , Laws Simon M.
Published: February 2021

Abstract.

Background:

Genetic variation in Spondin-1, specifically rs11023139, has been associated with reduced rates of cognitive decline in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to assess whether the association was present in cognitively normal older adults.

Methods:

Longitudinal cognitive decline was investigated using linear mixed modelling in a cohort of 590 cognitively normal older adults enrolled in the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle Study.

Results:

No independent effect of Spondin-1 rs11023139 on cognitive decline was observed. However, significant associations were observed for the interaction between Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 and rs11023139 in individuals with high amyloid-β burden. APOE ɛ4/rs11023139-A carriers declined significantly faster than APOE ɛ4/rs11023139-G_G carriers in measures of global cognition ( p = 0.011) and verbal episodic memory ( p = 0.020).

Conclusion:

These results suggest that carriage of the Spondin-1 rs11023139-A allele significantly contributes to a worsening of cognitive performance in APOE ɛ4 cognitively normal older adults with a high neocortical amyloid-β burden.
Arccosine and arctangent similarity measures of refined simplified neutrosophic indeterminate sets and their multicriteria decision-making method
Authors: Ye Jun , Du Shigui , Yong Rui , Zhang Fangwei
Published: February 2021

In indeterminate and inconsistent setting, existing simplified neutrosophic indeterminate set (SNIS) can be depicted by the neutrosophic number (NN) functions of the truth, falsity and indeterminacy. Then, the three NN functions in SNIS lack their refined expressions and then the simplified neutrosophic indeterminate decision making (DM) method cannot carry out the multicriteria DM problems with both criteria and sub-criteria in the setting of SNISs. To overcome the flaws, this study first proposes a new notion of a refined simplified neutrosophic indeterminate set (RSNIS), which is described by the refined truth, falsity and indeterminate NN information regarding both elements and sub-elements in a universe set, as the extension of SNIS. Next, we propose the arccosine and arctangent similarity measures of RSNISs and their multicriteria DM method with various indeterminate risk ranges so as to carry out multicriteria DM problems with weight values of both criteria and sub-criteria in RSNIS setting. Lastly, the proposed DM method is applied to a multicriteria DM example of slope design schemes for an open pit mine to illustrate its application in the indeterminate DM problem with RSNISs. The decision results and comparative analysis indicate the rationality and efficiency of the proposed DM method with different indeterminate risk ranges.
Laser-Induced Thermoelastic Wave Technique to Evaluate Hygrothermal Aging in CFRP Composites
Authors: Bagale Nilesh C , Bhat M R
Published: February 2021

The interaction of heat and moisture with fiber-reinforced polymer composites over a long duration is known to cause physical and mechanical degradation. In this paper, an attempt was made to evaluate physical and mechanical changes in carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP) by an unconventional nondestructive approach before and after varied duration of exposures to hygrothermal (HT) treatment at an elevated temperature (80 °C/353 K) up to 800 h. As a novel approach, laser-induced thermoelastic waves were utilized for characterization of the material. Wave characteristics, such as wave amplitude and velocity of propagation, were studied over different duration exposures of HT treatment to detect and quantify HT-induced property changes in the material. Results show that the aging effect attenuated the wave to a factor of 2.75 and significantly reduced the velocity of wave propagation by 20% compared to that of the pristine material, revealing the degradation in the material caused by HT exposure. The proposed methodology has the potential to monitor the health of fiber-reinforced polymer composite structures that have undergone hygrothermal aging.
The Effect of Shoe Type and Load Carrying on Electromyographic Activity of Lower Extremity Muscles during Stair Ascent and Descent
Authors:   Department of Sport Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran., Farahpour Nader , Majlesi Mahdi ,   Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran., Hoseinpouri Mohammad Reza ,   Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Boroujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Boroujerd, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Objective Stair ascent and descent is an essential movement task in daily life in which individuals are subjected to repetitive impact forces. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intensity of Electromyographic (EMG) activity in lower extremity muscles of healthy young men during stair ascent and descent task wearing different type of shoes and carrying loads. Methods Nine men with a mean age of 25.94±3.26 years, mean height of 174±7.4 cm, and mean weight of 70.95±8.25 kg were selected. Four stairs were fabricated and the electromyographic activity of their lower extremity muscles (two muscles in the posterior leg and three quadriceps muscles) in the right side of the body was measured using the 16-channel EMG system MA300 during the task. These tests were conducted in two conditions of with and without load carrying. The load was a cube-shaped box weighing 15% of the body weight. Three cases of footwear were set: barefoot, athletic shoes, and formal shoes. Repeated measure ANOVA was used for data analysis at the significant level of P<0.05. Results The load factor had a significant effect on the intensity of muscle activity. The intensity of muscle activity during ascending stairs was higher than that during descending. In stair descent task, the EMG activity of the vastus medialis muscle was greater than that of the vastus lateralis and rectus femoris muscles, which causes the patella to be pulled inward more leading to patellofemoral articular cartilage wear in the long term. Conclusion Stair ascent puts more pressure on the ankle and knee joints. When carrying the load up stairs, the use of proper shoes can greatly reduce the intensity of muscle activity and delay fatigue. It is, therefore, recommended that people with patellofemoral articular cartilage wear should not use the stairs, if possible.
The Relationship between Core Muscles Dysfunction and Chronic Ankle Instability: A Review
Authors:   Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Mohammadpour Navid , Rezaie Iman ,   Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Hadadi Mohammad ,   Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Objective The aim of this study is investigate the core muscles dysfunctions and their consequences in patients with chronic ankle instability. Methods In this review study, search was conducted in three online databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Google scholar based on Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (PICO) strategy, and using keywords related to the role and function of core muscles, their electromyography, kinematic patterns of proximal segments, and postural stability in individuals with chronic ankle instability. Results Seven studies were finally selected for the review based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results indicated that individuals with chronic ankle instability in comparison with healthy peers have different electromyography and kinematic patterns of proximal segments (trunk, abdomen and pelvis). Conclusion Muscle activity and kinematic patterns of proximal segments in individuals with chronic ankle instability are different to those of healthy ones. These differences are compensatory strategies for postural stability. These strategies may not provide the body’s need to maintain and control the poster in new environments or during complex activities. Further studies are needed to investigate effects of the correction of core muscle function on the postural control in individuals with chronic ankle instability.
The Effect of Selected Corrective Exercises With Physioball on the Posture of Female Computer Users With Upper Crossed Syndrome
Authors:   epartment of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran., Javazi Fariba , Sedaghati Parisa ,   Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran., Daneshmandi Hasan ,   Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Objective Upper Crossed Syndrome (UCS) is a type of musculoskeletal system involvement that results in shortening of anterior muscles and weakening of posterior muscles. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of selected corrective exercises with physioball on the postural status of female computer users with UCS. Methods This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 24 female students with UCS who were selected using a purposive sampling method. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups of exercise (n=12) and control (n=12). The exercise group performed exercises for 6 weeks. Photogrammetry method was used to measure the angle of the forward head and round shoulder. A flexible ruler was used to measure the angle of kyphosis, and tape measure was used to measure the chest expansion. These measurements were performed before and after intervention. The collected data were analyzed using paired t-test and ANOVA at the significance level of P<0.05. Results There was a significant difference in mean values of kyphosis (P=0.001), round shoulder (P=0.001), forward head (P=0.002) and chest expansion (P=0.003) before and after exercise. Conclusion Improvement in forward head, round shoulder and thoracic kyphosis angles and chest expansion showed the effectiveness of applied exercise program. Therefore, it is recommended to use this exercise program in computer users with UCS.
Two Extracts From Manihot Esculenta Leaves Efficiently Inhibit α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase: A New Approach for the Management of Diabetes
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria., Okoro Israel Oghenevwodokohwo
Published: February 2021

Background: In Nigeria, the leaves of Manihot esculenta (Crantz) are eaten as vegetables. The leaves are rich in phytochemicals, valuable and natural sources of antioxidants, and are highly useful for human health and disease prevention. This study was aimed to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory effects of two extracts derived from the plant leaves on α-glucosidase and α-amylase. The total flavonoid and phenolic contents of the extracts were also assessed. Methods: The leaves of M. esculenta were processed and extracted with ethanol and acetone. The extracts were evaluated for their α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities. Also, their total flavonoid and phenolic contents were determined, using standard in vitro assays. Results: The ethanol extract exhibited a higher α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity than the acetone extract, which positively correlated with their total flavonoid and phenolic contents. In addition, the ethanol extract strongly inhibited the α-glucosidase activity (IC50: 0.77±0.03 mg/mL) than Acarbose (IC50: 1.52±0.14 mg/mL). However, both extracts of ethanol (IC50: 1.29±0.02 mg/mL) and acetone (IC50 1.66±0.05 mg/mL) were less effective in inhibiting α-amylase compared with that of Acarbose (IC50 0.99±0.02 mg/mL). Comparatively, the percent inhibition of the extracts and Acarbose were in this order: ethanol extract > Acarbose > acetone extract. Conclusion: The results suggest that the extract of M. esculenta leaves have anti-hyperglycemic effects. They are potential alternative antioxidants that could be used to reduce oxidative stress in the body and in the management of diabetes.
The Protective Effect of Nortriptyline Against Gastric Lesions Induced by Indomethacin and Cold-shock Stress in Rats
Authors:   Food and Supplements Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Khoshnoud Mohammad Javad , Keshavarzi Majid ,   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Shiraz, Iran., Mokhtari Neda ,   Department of Pharmacology Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Sakhteman Amirhossein ,   Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Derakhshanfar Amin ,   Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Rashedinia Marzieh ,   Department of Pharmacology Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Background: Gastric ulcer is among the most serious stomach disorder universally. Several effective drugs are employed in the management of this disease, although there have been adverse effects in some cases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nortriptyline to protect against gastric lesions, induced by indomethacin or cold-stress in rats. Methods: Gastric lesions were induced by oral indomethacin (30 mg/kg) or cold-shock at 2-4°C. Animals were pre-treated with 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg nortriptyline. After 4hr of exposure to indomethacin or cold shock, the stomach was removed for histological examinations and the levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidative stress markers were determined in the tissue samples. Results: The results showed that nortriptyline at 20 mg/kg significantly restored the activity of the oxidative stress markers, such as Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) enzymes. It also decreased the tissue Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. In addition, nortriptyline at 20 mg/kg, ameliorated the gastric tissue damages caused by indomethacin or the cold shock. Conclusion: The results suggest that improvement in gastric mucosal lesions can be mediated by nortriptyline pretreatment, which is likely due to its antioxidant property.
Investigation of the Behavioral and Clinical Effects of Black Scorpion Venom in Albino Rats
Authors:   Social Determinants Research Center of Health and Engineering, Department of Environmental Health, Medical Science University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran., Dehghani Rouhullah , Khamechian Tahereh ,   Department of Pathology and Histology, School of Medicine, Medical Science University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran., Dehghani Azar ,   Department of General Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences & Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran., Limoee Mojtaba ,   Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Limoee Mazdak ,   Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Hossini Hooshyar ,   Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Background: Aggressive behaviors in human and experimental animals have previously been described following induced pain. Aggression in rodents has been attributed to genetic and environmental factors, such as pain. A major complication of scorpion envenomation is severe pain in animals and humans. Considering that envenomation by black scorpion (Androctonus crassicauda) induces severe pain, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of the venom on inducing aggressive behaviors in rats due to the pain from stinging. Methods: Rats in the control (n=20) and experimental groups (n=20) were injected with 0.5ml physiological serum or 1µg/ml of black scorpion venom dissolved in 0.5ml physiological serum, respectively, in the dorsal vein near the tail. Changes in behaviors were monitored photographically among the rats in both groups. Results: Following the injection of the scorpion venom, considerable agitation and fights occurred among the experimental rats, presumably due to the severe pain induced by the venom. However, there was no such abnormal behavior observed in the control rats and in the experimental rats before the venom injection. Conclusion: The induced pain post envenomation in rats caused violent changes in their behaviors, which were highly likely associated with the venom injection.
The Effectiveness of Resilience Training on Positive and Negative Affect and Reduction of Psychological Distress in Mothers of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors:   Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran., Tabatabaei Seyed Mahmoud , Chalabainloo Gholamreza ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Background and Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of resiliency training on positive and negative affect and reduce the psychological distress in mothers of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Methods & Materials: The research method was semi-experimental with and pre-test, post-test design with the control group. The statistical population of this study included all mothers of children with ADHD in Tabriz in 2020, among which 30 were selected by convenience sampling method, were randomly assigned to experimental, and control groups. The research tools included the Positive and Negative Affect Scale and Anxiety, Depression, and Stress Questionnaires. Ethical Considerations: The Ethics Committee of the Islamic Azad University of Tabriz Branch approved this study (Code: IR.IAU.TABRIZ.REC.1398.062). Results: The results of 9 sessions with 90 minutes of group resilience training (taken from Henderson & Milstein, 2003) showed that resiliency training leads to an increase in positive affect and a decrease in negative affect, as well as a decrease in psychological distress in mothers of children with ADHD. Conclusion: These results suggest that resiliency education can be effective as an educational-therapeutic approach to increase positive emotions and decrease negative emotions and mental disorders in mothers of children with childhood disorders.
Parent-mediated Behavioral Intervention for Treatment Behavioral Excesses in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors:   Department of Psychology and Health, Faculty of Educational Science and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran., Shiri Esmaeil , Pouratemad Hamidreza ,   Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran., Fathabadi Jalil ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran., Narimani Mohammad ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Background and Aim: One of the problems of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is behavioral excesses resistance to many educational and rehabilitation programs. Parent-mediated behavioral interventions seem to be effective in overcoming these problems. However, these methods are not well-introduced. The purpose of this study is to systematically review these studies and their primary and secondary outcomes, and finally analyze the components. Methods & Materials: This study was a systematic review. The search included SID, Magiran, Medline, PubMed, Springer, Science Direct, Online Library, and PsycINFO. We reviewed The articles published between 2000 and 2017 about parent-mediated behavioral interventions on behavioral excesses in autistic children. Ethical Considerations: This study with ethical code IR.SBU.ICBS.97/1013 was approved by the Biological Research Department of Shahid Beheshti University. Results: The findings of 9 studies indicated positive effects of parent-mediated behavioral intervention on behavioral excesses, including repetitive behaviors, irritability (including tantrums, aggression, and self-injurious behaviors), echolalia, and destructive behaviors (preliminary results). Also, these interventions improved the adaptive behaviors in autistic children, and parental functions such as self-efficacy, parental style, psychological problems (secondary results). Components of the therapeutic program included the type of consequence-based interventions (such as response interruption and redirection), antecedent-based interventions A (visual cue and daily schedules), antecedent-based interventions B (such as enriching environment with play). Three articles had medium certainty of the evidence, and 6 had high certainty of evidence. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated the positive effect of parent-mediated behavioral intervention on behavioral excesses in children with ASD. Future studies should emphasize the comprehensiveness of all the effective components in the parent-mediated behavioral intervention and the feasibility of the intervention in various contexts. It is suggested that parent-mediated interventions be implemented on behavioral excesses in children with ASD in Iran.
The Effect of Cardiac Rehabilitation on Endostatin Levels in Patients With Atherosclerosis After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors:   Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Neyshabour Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabour, Iran., Seyedi Seyed Hadi , Khajei Rambod ,   Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Neyshabour Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabour, Iran., Rashid Lamir Amir ,   Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran., Ramazan Poor Mohammad Reza ,   Department of Biochemistry Sciences, Neyshabour Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabour, Iran., Mehrzad Jamshid ,   Department of Biochemistry Sciences, Neyshabour Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabour, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Background and Aim: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of death and mortality in todaychr('39')s societies. Physical activity increases some of the influential factors for this disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic and resistance training on endostatin in patients with Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG). Methods & Materials: The study participants were 24 male patients who were randomly divided into the experimental (n=12) and control (n=12) groups with Mean±SD age of 55.37±6.90 years, weight 75.45±5.87 kg, height 173.27±3.36 cm and body mass index of 25.11±1.55 kg/m2. The experimental group performed 8 weeks of aerobic and resistance training (3 sessions per week and 1.5 hours per session) based on the measurements, while the control group did not exercise during this period. To measure endostatin concentrations, blood samples were taken 48 hours before and 48 hours after the last training session while all subjects were fasting. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test to normalize the data and Student t-test in independent and correlated groups at the significant level of 0.05. Ethical Considerations: This article was ethically approved by Azad University of Neyshabur (Ethics Code IR.IAU.NEYSHABUR.REC.1398.018) and with the Clinical Trial Code IRCT20191228045916N1 in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials. Results: The present study showed that the aerobic and resistance training group significantly decreased endostatin concentrations (P=0.001) (t=1.672) compared with the control group. Conclusion: Based on the findings, aerobic and resistance training decreases endostatin concentrations, known as an anti-angiogenic factor.
Evaluation of Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Patients Undergoing Surgery With Ultrasound in Internal Jugular Vein Cannulation Requiring Central Venous Catheter
Authors:   Razi Clinical Research Development Unit, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Hemmati Hossein , Aboutalebi Jalal ,   Razi Clinical Research Development Unit, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Farzin Mohaya ,   Razi Clinical Research Development Unit, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Hemmati Ghazaleh ,   Razi Clinical Research Development Unit, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Rafiei Elahe ,   Razi Clinical Research Development Unit, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Background and Aim This study aimed to investigate the demographic and clinical information of patients undergoing surgery with ultrasound in internal jugular vein cannulation. Methods & Materials After the approval of the plan in the ethics committee of Guilan University of Medical Sciences, this study was performed in the general surgery department of Razi Hospital in 2018 on 100 patients in need of central venous catheter implantation. The neck type (distance between the two designated areas) was entered in a special form made by the researcher and after the completion of the design, it was examined and statistically analyzed. Ethical Considerations This research ethically approved by the Ethics Committee of Guilan University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.GUMS.REC.1396.20) Results The mean age of the studied patients was 58.72±16.09 years. The anatomical and sonographic margins between the two Land Mark areas were higher in men VS women, but there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the other variables. (P>0.05). Conclusion The findings of this study show that catheterization of the internal jugular vein under the guidance of ultrasound was less access time and fewer complications.
Identifying Qualitative Factors Affecting the Quality of Clinical Education
Authors:   Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Humanities, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran., Mortazavi Seyed Mostafa , Sharifirad Ghohamreza ,   Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran., Mohebi Siamak ,   Department of Health Sciences, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Background and Aim: Training clinical students who learn the theoretical lessons in hospitals in practice will play an important role in improving treatment processes and providing better services to patients. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the quality of clinical education in hospitals in Saveh City. Methods & Materials: This research is a combination of exploratory studies and exploratory projects. In the qualitative stage, the qualitative method of Grand Strauss and Corbyn 1998 was used to explain the quality of clinical training. Since the students who have taken clinical courses in the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Saveh Hospitals in 1398-1397 are about 200 people and the professors and educators who teach these people are about 20 people, which according to Karajsi and Morgan, the sample size should be 140, of which 20 were interviewed and 120 were filled out with paper and electronic questionnaires. In this study, semi-structured interviews, and a researcher-made questionnaire with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.598 were selected as the data collection method. This research was performed using the qualitative method and using MAZQDA 10 and SPSS 26 software, the items obtained from qualitative research were collected and exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the factors. Ethical Considerations: Considering that this study is one of the research priorities of Saveh School of Medical Sciences, it has a research license letter (No. 24.127. D.99). Results: The results showed that the factors affecting the quality of clinical education include five factors. The first factor is space and facilities, the second factor is the improvement of educational processes, the third factor is educational and managerial deficiencies, the fourth factor is the evaluation of the teacher and the fifth factor is the qualitative improvement of education. Conclusion: According to the quantitative and qualitative results of this study and by interviewing twenty experienced professors and student representatives, the factors affecting the quality of clinical education in Saveh hospitals were identified.
What Are the Consequences When the New Year Eve in Iran Coincides With COVID-19?
Authors:   Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Farnoosh Gholamreza , Hassanpour Kazem ,   Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran., Badri Taleb ,   Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Hosseini Zijoud Seyed Reza ,   Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Published: February 2021

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