bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOFIAS – Herramienta para el análisis de ciclo de vida y la calificación ambiental de edificios
Authors: Oregi Isasi X. , Tenorio J. A. , Gazulla C. , Zabalza I. , Cambra D. , Leao S. O. , Mabe L. , Otero S. , Raigosa J.
Published: June 2016

Este artículo describe el proceso de desarrollo de la nueva herramienta informática SOFIAS (Software de Funciones Integradas para una Arquitectura Sostenible), financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad del Gobierno de España. En base al estandar de la evaluación ambiental de los edificios definido por el CEN/TC 350, esta nueva herramienta tiene como objetivo ayudar a los técnicos de la construcción en reducir el impacto ambiental durante el ciclo de vida a través del diseño optimizado de nuevos edificios o edificios rehabilitados. De forma paralela, SOFIAS proporciona un nuevo sistema de calificación basado en la metodología del Análisis de Ciclo de Vida (ACV). Este artículo expone los aspectos innovadores de esta herramienta informática, la metodología de trabajo y los diferentes tipos de resultados que se pueden obtener tras su aplicación.
Interacting with Augmented Reality Mirrors
Authors: Portalés Cristina , Gimeno Jesús , Casas Sergio , Olanda Ricardo , Giner Martínez Francisco
Published: June 2016

This chapter deals with the topic of Augmented Reality Mirrors (ARMs) – a kind of specular interfaces making use of Augmented Reality technology. The review presented in the chapter first analyses the current setups for the construction of ARMs. Secondly, it presents a study on their potential for inferring in human perception (e.g. behaviour and emotions) and the high interactivity potential and usability they have. In the third place, it shows their use in different areas of knowledge, namely entertainment, edutainment, clothing, arts and medical therapy. Then, the chapter presents a discussion, highlighting the current technological barriers and the need for more research. Finally, future challenges are provided.
Augmented Reality for Smart Tourism in Religious Heritage Itineraries
Authors: Ramos Célia M.Q. , Henriques Cláudia , Lanquar Robert
Published: June 2016

Pilgrimages and travel for other religious reasons are two of the major drivers of human mobility. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) can contribute to sharing knowledge about religious heritage with tourists, residents, and religious communities. ICT innovations that help individuals find information and acquire knowledge about cultural heritage can bring new experiences and sensations to tourists and residents, in general, and to those who have accessibility problems, in particular. These innovations include augmented reality, location-based services, social networks, gamification, and intelligent interfaces. This paper focuses on religious and spiritual routes and itineraries, presenting a religious tourism experience model that allows tourists to acquire additional knowledge about cultural and religious heritage, based on technological architecture using intelligent human-computer interactions displayed on personal mobile devices. This approach expands personal and spiritual experiences when travelers visit religious heritage sites associated with itineraries.
Developments of Serious Games in Education
Authors: Sousa Luís , Figueiredo Mauro , Monteiro Jânio , Bidarra José , Rodrigues João , Cardoso Pedro
Published: June 2016

As Human Computer Interaction technologies evolve, they are supporting the generation of innovative solutions in a broad range of domains. Among them, Serious Games are defined as new type of computer game that is capable of stimulating users to learn, by playing and competing against themselves, against other users or against a computer application. While it could be applied to a broad range of fields and ages, these games are becoming especially relevant in educational contexts and for the most recent generation of students that is growing in a new technological environment, very different from the one we had some years ago. However, in order to become fully accepted as a teaching/learning tool in both formal and informal contexts, this technology has still to overcome several challenges. Given these considerations, this chapter makes a state-of-the-art review of several works that were done in this field, followed by the description of two real world projects, helping to understand the applicability of this technology, but also its inherent challenges.
The Dark Side of Medical Tourism?
Authors: Cooper Malcolm , Hieda Mayumi
Published: June 2016

There are 4 principles that should govern the response of the healthcare system in its treatment of individual medical problems. These may be summarized as: 1. medical care should be accessible to all; 2. the principle of patient autonomy should govern decision-making; 3. medical treatment should be recognized as being part of cultural behavior; and, 4. the medical profession should support the benefit of the patient. However, the combination of these with the rising cost of healthcare and the impact of globalization, has led to a dark side for medical tourism. In this situation, both patients and physicians are faced with ethical, human security and sustainability issues. This chapter examines 3 major issues in medical tourism: end of life choice, trafficking in human bodies and body parts, and organ transplants. In the healthcare systems of many countries, these issues can also involve criminal activities.
Protein-Ligand Docking Methodologies and Its Application in Drug Discovery
Authors: Rajkhowa Sanchaita , Deka Ramesh C.
Published: June 2016

Molecular docking is a key tool in structural biology and computer-assisted drug design. Molecular docking is a method which predicts the preferred orientation of a ligand when bound in an active site to form a stable complex. It is the most common method used as a structure-based drug design. Here, the authors intend to discuss the various types of docking methods and their development and applications in modern drug discovery. The important basic theories such as sampling algorithm and scoring functions have been discussed briefly. The performances of the different available docking software have also been discussed. This chapter also includes some application examples of docking studies in modern drug discovery such as targeted drug delivery using carbon nanotubes, docking of nucleic acids to find the binding modes and a comparative study between high-throughput screening and structure-based virtual screening.
A Clustering Protocol for Maximum Coverage in Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Jerbi Wassim , Guermazi Abderrahmen , Trabelsi Hafedh
Published: June 2016

The optimum use of coverage in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is very important. The hierarchical routing protocol LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) is referred to as the basic algorithm of distributed clustering protocols. LEACH allows clusters formation. Each cluster has a leader called Cluster Head (CH). The selection of CHs is made with a probabilistic calculation. It is supposed that each non-CH node join a cluster and becomes a cluster member. Nevertheless, some CHs can be concentrated in a specific part of the network. Thus several sensor nodes cannot reach any CH. As a result, the remaining part of the controlled field will not be covered; some sensor nodes will be outside the network. To solve this problem, the authors propose O-LEACH (Orphan Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy), a routing protocol that takes into account the orphan nodes. O-LEACH presents two scenarios, a gateway and sub cluster that allow the joining of orphan nodes.
X_myKarve
Authors: Abdullah Nurul Azma , Mohamad Kamaruddin Malik , Ibrahim Rosziati , Deris Mustafa Mat
Published: June 2016

Many studies have been conducted in addressing problem of fragmented JPEG. However, carving fragmented JPEG files are not easy to solve due to the complexity of determining the fragmentation point. In this article, X_myKarvee framework is introduced to address the fragmentation issues that occur in JPEG images. X_myKarve introduce a new technique, deletion by binary search to detect fragmentation point which is used to separate a file into several individual fragments. These fragments are then reassembled with the correct pairs which form a complete and correct image. X_myKarve is tested using various datasets namely DFRWS 2006 and DFRWS 2007. The result shows that X_myKarve is capable of carving over 20% more than myKarve and RevIt for DFRWS 2006 datasets where X_myKarve can carve intertwined fragmented JPEG images completely compared to myKarve and RevIt. X_myKarve is a good alternative for carving fragmented JPEG files intertwined with each other.
Insetos associados à cultura da aceroleira (Malpighia glabra L.) na região de Maringá, Estado do Paraná
Authors: Albuquerque Fernando Alves de , Pattaro Fernando Cesar , Borges Luciana Maestro , Lima Rivael Siniz , Zabini André Vinicius
Published: June 2016

Com o objetivo de determinar a ocorrência de insetos associados à aceroleira, Malpighia glabra L. (Malpighiaceae), foram feitos levantamentos, no período de agosto de 1997 a dezembro de 1998, na região de Maringá, Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Os insetos foram coletados quinzenalmente em 20 plantas localizadas em pomar comercial, caminhando-se ao redor da copa das plantas por um período de 10 minutos e observando-se ramos, folhas e frutos. A coleta foi realizada manualmente, através de rede entomológica, armadilha com atraente alimentar e pelo corte de quatro ramos por planta, que foram observados sob microscópio estereoscópico. As espécies encontradas foram; Nezara viridula, Piezodorus guildinii, Euschistus heros, Thyanta spp., Dysdercus ruficolis, D. peruvianus, Leptoglossus zonatus, L. gonagra, Enchenopa gracilis, Toxoptera citricidus, Saissetia coffeae, S. oleae, Coccus viridis, Chrysomphalus ficus, Selenaspidus articulatus, Orthezia praelonga, Mahanarva fimbriolata, M. posticata, Dilobopterus costalimai, Oncometopia facialis, Chrysopa sp., Polistes sp., Diabrotica speciosa, Cerotoma sp., Lagria villosa, Cycloneda sanguinea, Ceratitis capitata, Anastrepha fraterculus e Euxesta sp
Estoques de carbono e nitrogênio no solo na seqüência floresta-pastagem na região oeste da bacia amazônica brasileira
Authors: Moraes Jener Fernando Leite de , Neil Christopher , Volkoff Boris , Cerri Carlos Clemente , Melillo Jerry , Lima Valmique Costa , Steudler Paul A.
Published: June 2016

Avaliou-se o impacto do desmatamento e implantação de pastagens nos estoques de carbono e nitrogênio e na dinâmica da matéria orgânica do solo, em duas cronossequências com florestas e pastagens de 8 e 20 anos em Rondônia. Os conteúdos de carbono e nitrogênio aumentaram na pastagem com 20 anos de implantanção em uma das cronossequências estudadas, mas poucas alterações foram observadas na outra cronossequência. O uso de ð13C permitiu diferenciar e quantificar as duas fontes de carbono no solo sob pastagem, ou seja, o carbono remanescente da floresta e o introduzido pela pastagem. Verificou-se uma tendência de aumento do carbono do solo derivado da pastagem, acompanhado de um declínio do carbono do solo derivado da floresta. Os valores de ð13C do solo na camada de 0-10 cm variaram de -27 o/oo a -28 o/oo na floresta para aproximadamente -20 o/oo na pastagem com vinte anos de implantação, o que confirma a entrada de uma grande quantidade de carbono no solo derivado de plantas C4. As mudanças verificadas nos estoques de carbono e nitrogênio do solo, em áreas de sucessão floresta-pastagem, possuem implicações importantes nas análises dos ciclos biogeoquímicos globais
Qualidade de grãos de diferentes cultivares de cafeeiro (Coffea arábica L.)
Authors: Malta Marcelo Ribeiro , Santos Mario Lucio dos , Melo Silva Francisca Alcivânia de
Published: June 2016

Com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade de grãos de diferentes cultivares de cafeeiro, Coffea arábica L. (Rubiaceae), foram coletados frutos no estádio cereja, cultivados na Fazenda Experimental da Epamig-Lavras,MG. Utilizou-se um DIC com oito cultivares: Icatu Vermelho e Amarelo, Catuaí Vermelho e Amarelo, Topázio, Acaiá Cerrado, Mundo Novo e Rubi, em três repetições. As análises laboratoriais realizadas foram: atividade da polifenoloxidase, acidez titulável total, açúcares redutores, não redutores e totais, compostos fenólicos totais e condutividade elétrica. As cultivares apresentaram variações na composição química e conseqüentemente na qualidade. Acaiá do Cerrado e Icatu Vermelho foram classificadas através da atividade enzimática da polifenoloxidase como bebida dura. As demais cultivares foram classificadas como bebida padrão mole/apenas mole. A cultivar Acaiá do Cerrado também apresentou os maiores valores de condutividade elétrica, compostos fenólicos totais e acidez titulável total, o que confere a esta cultivar menor qualidade
PProdução da mandioquinha-salsa consorciada com alface e beterraba
Authors: Tolentino Júnior Clovis Ferreira , Heredia Zárate Néstor Antonio , Vieira Maria Dos Carmo
Published: June 2016

Estudaram-se os monocultivos da mandioquinha-salsa cv. Amarela de Carandaí, Arracacia xanthorrhiza (Umbelliferae), da beterraba cv. Tall Top Early Wonder, Beta vulgaris L. (Chenopodiaceae) e da alface cv. Grand Rapids, Lactuca sativa L. (Asteraceae), além dos consórcios mandioquinha-beterraba e mandioquinha-alface. Os cinco tratamentos foram arranjados no delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com três blocos e duas repetições internas em cada bloco. Foram avaliadas as massas frescas e secas das cabeças da alface, da parte aérea e das raízes da beterraba e das partes aéreas, rebentos, coroas e raízes da mandioquinha-salsa. Também foram avaliados os diâmetros das cabeças da alface e das raízes da beterraba. Os consórcios foram avaliados em função da razão de área equivalente (RAE) e da renda bruta. As três espécies apresentaram produção superior em monocultivo, em todas as características avaliadas. Considerando-se as produtividades de raízes totais e de raízes comercializáveis, respectivamente, a RAE para o consórcio mandioquinha-beterraba foi de 1,07 e 0,87 e para mandioquinha-alface foi 1,3 e 1,1. O consórcio mandioquinha-alface propiciou renda bruta de R$ 40.970,00. Concluiu-se que o consórcio da mandioquinha-salsa com a alface é viável.
Eficiência dos descritores de cafeeiros (Coffea arábica L.) na discriminação de linhagens de “Catimor”
Authors: Severino Liv Soares , Sakiyama Ney Sussumu , Pereira Antonio Alves , Miranda Glauco Vieira , Zambolim Laercio , Barros Ubiratan Vasconcelos
Published: June 2016

Vinte e seis descritores foram utilizados na diferenciação de linhagens de “Catimor”, Coffea arábica L. (Rubiaceae). Estes descritores foram avaliados de acordo com as estimativas de herdabilidade, de dissimilaridade entre as linhagens irmãs, de dissimilaridade entre as famílias de linhagens irmãs e a análise de agrupamento, considerando-se a genealogia como padrão de agrupamento. Várias características incluídas nos descritores de cafeeiros apresentaram altas herdabilidades, o que as indicam para serem usadas rotineiramente nos programas de melhoramento. Mesmo considerando apenas os descritores com herdabilidades acima de 80%, não foi possível distinguir todas as linhagens de café coerentemente com os dados de genealogia. O descritor cor do broto teve grande efeito na estimação das distâncias genéticas e no agrupamento das linhagens, mostrando a importância da utilização de descritores alternativos, de herança simples, como os marcadores de DNA, na distinção entre linhagens de café geneticamente próximas
FAT10 Is Critical in Influenza A Virus Replication by Inhibiting Type I IFN
Authors: Zhang Yanli , Tang Jun , Yang Ning , Liu Qiang , Zhang Qingchao , Zhang Yanxu , Li Ning , Zhao Yan , Li Shunwang , Liu Song , Zhou Huandi , Li Xiao , Tian Mingyao , Deng Jiejie , Xie Peng , Sun Yang , Lu Huijun , Zhang Michael Q. , Jin Ningyi , Jiang Chengyu
Published: June 2016

The H5N1 avian influenza virus causes severe disease and high mortality, making it a major public health concern worldwide. The virus uses the host cellular machinery for several steps of its life cycle. In this report, we observed overexpression of the ubiquitin-like protein FAT10 following live H5N1 virus infection in BALB/c mice and in the human respiratory epithelial cell lines A549 and BEAS-2B. Further experiments demonstrated that FAT10 increased H5N1 virus replication and decreased the viability of infected cells. Total RNA extracted from H5N1 virus–infected cells, but not other H5N1 viral components, upregulated FAT10, and this process was mediated by the retinoic acid–induced protein I-NF-κB signaling pathway. FAT10 knockdown in A549 cells upregulated type I IFN mRNA expression and enhanced STAT1 phosphorylation during live H5N1 virus infection. Taken together, our data suggest that FAT10 was upregulated via retinoic acid–induced protein I and NF-κB during H5N1 avian influenza virus infection. And the upregulated FAT10 promoted H5N1 viral replication by inhibiting type I IFN.
Transient Superficial Peroneal Nerve Palsy after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Alrowaili Majed
Published: June 2016

A 19-year-old male subject was diagnosed with medial meniscal, lateral meniscal and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear. The symptoms did not subside after 4 months of physical therapy, and he underwent arthroscopic partial medial and lateral meniscectomy and ACL reconstruction. Immediately after the patient woke up from general anesthesia, he started experience loss of sensation in the area of superficial peroneal nerve with inverted dorsiflexion of foot and ankle. Instantly, the bandage and knee brace was removed and a diagnosis of compartment syndrome was ruled out. After eight hours, post-operatively, the patient started receiving physiotherapy. He complained of numbness and tingling in the same area. After 24 h, post-operatively, the patient started to regain dorsiflexion and eversion gradually. Two days after the surgery, the patient exhibited complete recovery of neurological status.
Ethusa sp. (Decapoda, Brachyura, Ethusidae) from the Pliocene of Valduggia (Vercelli, Piedmont, NW Italy)
Authors: Pasini Giovanni , Garassino Alessandro
Published: June 2016

Ethusa sp. (Decapoda, Brachyura, Ethusidae) from Valduggia (Vercelli, Piedmont, NW Italy) is here reported for the first time from the Pliocene of Italy. This new finding enlarges our knowledge on the distribution and stratigraphic range of this genus in the paleo- Mediterranean basin.
Does intravenous administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for ischemic stroke can cause inferior myocardial infarction?
Authors: Almasi Mostafa , Razmeh Saeed , Habibi Amir Hassan , Rezaee Amir Hassan
Published: June 2016

Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA) is one of the main portions of acute ischemic stroke management, but unfortunately has some complications. Myocardial infarction (MI) is a hazardous complication of administration of intravenous rTPA that has been reported recently. A 78-year-old lady was admitted for elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery. On the second day of admission, she developed acute left hemiparesis and intravenous rTPA was administered within 120 minutes. Three hours later, she has had chest pain. Rescue percutaneous coronary intervention was performed on right coronary artery due to diagnosis of inferior MI, and the symptoms were resolved.
Colorectal Carcinomas in Uyo City, Southern Geopolitical Zone of Nigeria: A Review of Clinicopathological Characteristics and Literature
Authors: Abudu Emmanuel K. , Akinbami Oluyinka S.
Published: June 2016

Colorectal carcinomas (CRC) were initially thought to be rare in Africa including Nigeria, but recent studies have shown a reverse trend in our environment. This study is aimed to identify the clinical and pathological characteristics of CRC diagnosed between July 2006 and June 2015 in the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, and a Private Specialist Laboratory, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. All histological diagnosed cases of CRC seen in the two laboratories (University teaching and a private facility) in Uyo, Akwa-Ibom state, Nigeria during the study period were retrieved noting their bio-data, pathological and clinical variables. A total of 45 patients of age range 26-80 years with a mean of 55.9 years (SD 3.9) and a male to female ratio of 1.4:1 were seen. The two most common age groups affected in CRCs were 61-70 years (28.9%) and 51-60 years (24.4%) respectively. Majority of CRC patients were older than 40 years (86.7%) with identifiable predisposing factors being tubulo-villous adenoma (4 cases, 8.8%), villous adenoma (2 cases 4.4%), polyposis syndromes (2 cases, 4.4%) and schistosomiasis (1 case, 2.2%). Features of large intestinal obstruction were the most common presenting symptom of CRC (53.3%). Rectal bleeding, alteration in bowel habit and fecal incontinence were other symptoms, accounting for 33.3%, 8.9% and 4.4% of cases respectively. Left-sided CRCs were commoner (68.9%) with the majority appearing as annular-constricting type macroscopically (60.0%). Recto-sigmoid region was the preponderant site involved in CRC (29 cases, 64.5%). Adenocarcinoma (84.4%) was the most frequent histological subtype. Mucinous carcinoma, signet ring carcinoma and carcinoid tumor were other histologic subtypes seen in 8.9, 4.4 and 2.2% of cases respectively. The 22.0% of CRC patients presented at advanced stages of the disease. It can be concluded that majority of CRC patients were older than 40 years (86.7%) with features of intestinal obstruction (53.3%) and adenocarcinoma (84.4%) being the predominant mode of clinical presentation and histological subtype respectively.
Recurrent High-Grade Invasive Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of Larynx: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: King Whitney , Ko Stephen , Miller Daniel
Published: June 2016

Recurrent invasive high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx is a rare occurrence. These tumors have been commonly associated with salivary gland tumors, most commonly the parotid gland. The patient usually presents with the following symptoms: hoarseness (if larynx is involved), or changes in voice character, sore throat, cough, odynophagia, dysphagia, otalgia, difficulty breathing, weight loss, lymphadenopathy. Here we present a case of a recurrent invasive high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma of larynx and hypopharynx. The patient was a 67-year-old male that originally presented in 2006. At that time he underwent a wide field laryngectomy, right thyroid lobectomy, and biopsy of the right digastric node. He was a clinical stage III, pT3N0M0. No adjuvant radiation therapy was given at that time. The patient remained asymptomatic until February 2014, when he presented with dysphagia and neck swelling. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed evidence of recurrence. The patient was treated with definitive intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with concurrent chemotherapy. Treatment for this disease is gathered by scattered case reports. If surgery is a possibility it is considered as first line therapy. Post-surgical radiation is then offered. However, in this case the recurrent tumor was located near the carotid artery, and thus surgery was not a possibility. Therefore, concurrent chemotherapy and radiation with IMRT and weekly cis-platinum was given. While the optimum combination of treatment has not yet been established because of the rarity of this cancer's location site, the current patient appeared to have an excellent response from the definitive IMRT and chemotherapy treatment.
Environmentally-friendly practices in hotels
Authors: Mbasera Miriam , Du Plessis Engelina , Saayman Melville , Kruger Martinette
Published: June 2016

Orientation: There has been a growing concern for a ‘green’ hotel in the view of customers as they experience an increased awareness of environmental damage and excessive consumption of goods, energy and water.Research purpose: To determine the environmentally-friendly practices in hotels in Zimbabwe and South Africa and establish the contribution that hotels are making towards mitigation of the negative environmental effects.Motivation for the study: Currently, the world is facing environmental issues, which include global climate change, ozone depletion, pollution, high consumption of resources and increasing amounts of solid waste. Hotels, as part of the tourism industry, exert a significant impact on the environment. While the extent and range of the impact that hotels exert on the environment suggest an urgent need to address this problem, the question that arises is whether hoteliers appreciate the need for environmentally-friendly initiatives in their establishments.Research design, approach and method: A qualitative research was carried out in eight hotels that employ the strategy of the case study in the aforementioned countries. Main findings: Currently, no policies for green management exist, although some hotels do engage in some environmentally-friendly practices. Some hotel managers do not implement green management initiatives to mitigate the environmental problems emanating from their hotel operations.Practical and/or managerial implications: This indicates that a gap exists between managers’ awareness of appropriate environmentally-friendly practices for hotels, implying a need for training and increased awareness of green management.Contribution and/or value-add: The results could guide managers in the implementation of environmentally-friendly practices in an effort to mitigate environmental problems facing the present generation.
Assessment of the impact of application of singlephoton emission computed tomography and SPECT-CT on lesion categorisation in bone scintigraphy
Authors: Yunusa Garba H. , Brink Anita
Published: June 2016

Objectives: To assess initial experience with the use of a new single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT) in the evaluation of lesions.Methods: The folder number, radiopharmaceutical used and type of scan of patients examined with a new Siemens T6 SPECT-CT between 02 April 2016 and 31 December 2013 were retrieved. The number of 99mTc-MDP bone scans was sufficient for a detailed analysis. The scans were re-processed and reported by the observer before he was given any clinical information. Whole body planar, whole body planar plus SPECT and whole body planar plus SPECT-CT images were assessed successively in three separate sessions at least 2 weeks apart. At each session, the certainties of detection, localisation and categorisation of each lesion were recorded.Results: A total of 539 lesions were seen on the whole body, SPECT and computed tomography (CT) images in 133 patients. The whole body images showed no lesions in 3 patients and 378 lesions in 130 patients. SPECT detected 122 additional lesions in 79 patients. Thirty-nine (12.2%) lesions were seen only on CT in 32 (24.1%) patients. For the 261 lesions seen on the planar images in the SPECT field of view, lesion detection was definite in 233 (89.3%), localisation definite in 151 (57.9%) and categorisation definite in 123 (47.1%) lesions. On the SPECT, definite lesion detection, localisation and categorisation were recorded, respectively, for 259 (99.2%), 228 (87.4%) and 176 (67.4%) of the 261 lesions. Lesion detection, localisation and categorisation certainties were definite for 100%, 99.1% and 94.7% of the SPECT-CT lesions, respectively.Conclusion: SPECT markedly improves lesion detection and localisation, and CT enhances lesion categorisation.
Mediated religion: Implications for religious authority
Authors: Cloete Anita L.
Published: June 2016

The relationship between media and religion seems to be a well established research topic today. Themes like identity formation and community with regard to digital religion are well researched, but religious authority is pointed out as an area that needs more detailed investigation. Although the topic of authority has been of interest to scholars and practitioners, religious authority received less attention and systematic analysis. Therefore, this article considers the interplay between media and religion by highlighting the possible implications for religious authority when religion is mediated specifically through technology. To illustrate the possible implications for religious authority in a context where religion is mediated through technology, this article will identify certain shifts that took place with regard to religion. In the light of the identified changes with regard to religion, the article will attempt to specifically explore and identify the possible implications for religious authority. At least two theoretical perspectives used to investigate and understand the relationship between technology and theology will be mentioned, namely the instrumentalist and the cultural approach. The mediatisation theory will be discussed as a theory that fits within the cultural approach to media and religion. Furthermore, the mediatisation theory will serve as a theoretical lens to provide insight into how the changes and shifts discussed are changing religion and religious authority.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The article draws on literature from cultural, media and religious studies and intends to stimulate and challenge theological reflection on the theme of mediatisation of religion and the implications for religious authority. Furthermore the article contributes to interdisciplinary research within theology.Keywords: Religion; mediation; religious authority; media
An appropriately performed conventional blood culture can facilitate choice of therapy in resource-constrained settings-comparison with BACTEC 9050
Authors: Surase PV , Nataraj G , Pattamadai K , Mehta PR , Pazare AR , Agarwal MC , Nanavati RN
Published: June 2016

Aims:

Comparison of conventional blood culture with BACTEC 9050 for rate and time to detection of microorganisms.

Settings and Design:

A prospective study was carried out in a multispecialty tertiary care teaching hospital.

Subjects and Methods:

A total of 835 paired specimens (797 blood and 38 nonblood specimens) were collected and processed according to standard microbiological procedures by both conventional method as well as by BACTEC 9050 automated culture system. Clinical details of patients were recorded. Data were analyzed for time to detection and isolation rate by the two systems and compared.

Results:

Overall culture positivity for BACTEC 9050 and the conventional system was 32% and 19.88%, respectively. Eighty-five demonstrated concordant growth, 136 specimens were culture positive by BACTEC only, and 38 specimens were culture positive by conventional only. Twelve contaminants in BACTEC and nine contaminants in conventional system were detected. Using BACTEC 9050, higher isolation was observed for Acinetobacter spp., coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., and Candida spp. A total of 410 patients were on antimicrobial treatment and culture positivity was significantly higher with BACTEC 9050 (P < 0.0001). There was a significant difference in the mean time to detection with BACTEC 9050 recovering 86.8% of isolates within 48 h (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:

Although BACTEC 9050 demonstrated a significantly higher recovery of microorganisms from blood, an appropriately performed conventional blood culture can facilitate the choice of therapy.
Subgroup Analyses from a Phase 3, Open-Label, Randomized Study of Eribulin Mesylate versus Capecitabine in Pretreated Patients with Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Twelves Chris , Awada Ahmad , Cortes Javier , Yelle Louise , Velikova Galina , Olivo Martin S. , Song James , Dutcus Corina E. , Kaufman Peter A.
Published: June 2016

Purpose and Methods

Our secondary analyses compared survival with eribulin versus capecitabine in various patient subgroups from a phase 3, open-label, randomized study. Eligible women aged ≥18 years with advanced/metastatic breast cancer and ≤3 prior chemotherapies (≤2 for advanced/metastatic disease), including an anthracycline and taxane, were randomized 1:1 to intravenous eribulin mesylate 1.4 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 or twice-daily oral capecitabine 1250 mg/m2 on days 1–14 (21-day cycles).

Results

In the intent-to-treat population (eribulin 554 and capecitabine 548), overall survival appeared longer with eribulin than capecitabine in various subgroups, including patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (15.9 versus 13.5 months, respectively), estrogen receptor-negative (14.4 versus 10.5 months, respectively), and triple-negative (14.4 versus 9.4 months, respectively) disease. Progression-free survival was similar between the treatment arms.

Conclusions

Patients with advanced/metastatic breast cancer and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-, estrogen receptor-, or triple-negative disease may gain particular benefit from eribulin as first-, second-, and third-line chemotherapies.

Trial Registration (Primary Study)

This study reports the subgroup analyses of eribulin versus capecitabine from a phase 3, open-label, randomized study ( www.clinicaltrials.gov ; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00337103).
Fertility Risk Assessment and Preservation in Male and Female Prepubertal and Adolescent Cancer Patients
Authors: Zavras Nikolaos , Siristatidis Charalampos , Siatelis Aargyris , Koumarianou Aanna
Published: June 2016

Cancer represents the second cause of death in prepubertal children and adolescents, although it is currently associated with an overall survival rate of 80%–85%. The annual incidence rate is 186.6 per 1 million children and adolescents aged up to 19 years. Both disease and treatment options are associated with life-altering, long-term effects that require monitoring. Infertility is a common issue, and as such, fertility preservation represents an essential part in the management of young patients with cancer who are at risk of premature gonadal failure. This review deals with the up-to-date available data on fertility risk assessment and preservation strategies that should be addressed prior to antineoplastic therapy in this vulnerable subgroup of cancer patients.
Обобщенные аналитические функции, преобразования типа Мутара и голоморфные отображения
Authors: Grinevich Petr Georgievich , Novikov Roman Gennadievich
Published: June 2016

Продолжается изучение свойств преобразований типа Мутара для обобщенных аналитических функций. В частности, предлагается интерпретация обобщенных аналитических функций как спинорных полей и показывается, что в рамках такого подхода преобразования типа Мутара таких функций коммутируют с голоморфными заменами переменных.
О кратных нулях частичной тэта-функции
Authors: Kostov Vladimir Petrov
Published: June 2016

Рассматривается частичная тэта-функция $\theta (q,x):=\sum_{j=0}^{\infty}q^{j(j+1)/2}x^j$, где
$x\in \mathbb{C}$ является переменной, а $q\in \mathbb{C}$, $0<|q|<1$, - параметром. Доказывается, что при любом фисированном $q$, если $\zeta$ является кратным нулем функции $\theta (q,\cdot)$, то $|\zeta |\le 8^{11}$.
Расширенный граф Гельфанда-Цетлина, его $q$-граница и $q$-B-сплайны
Authors: Olshanski Grigorii Iosifovich
Published: June 2016

Граница графа Гельфанда-Цетлина является бесконечномерным локально компактным пространством, точки которого параметризуют экстремальные характеры бесконечномерной унитарной группы $U(\infty)$. Задача гармонического анализа на группе $U(\infty)$ приводит к непрерывному семейству вероятностных мер на границе - так называемых zw-мер. В недавней работе В. Е. Горина и автора было начато изучение $q$-аналога zw-мер. Оказалось, что для их построения необходимо ввести новый комбинаторный объект - расширенный граф Гельфанда-Цетлина. В настоящей статье доказано, что марковские ядра, связанные с расширенным графом Гельфанда-Цетлина и его $q$-границей, обладают свойством феллеровости. Это свойство требуется для построения марковской динамики на $q$-границе. Обсуждается также связь с B-сплайнами и их $q$-аналогами.
A Mixed Outbreak of Epidemic Typhus Fever and Trench Fever in a Youth Rehabilitation Center: Risk Factors for Illness from a Case-Control Study, Rwanda, 2012
Authors: Umulisa Irenee , Omolo Jared , Muldoon Katherine A. , Condo Jeanine , Habiyaremye Francois , Uwimana Jean Marie , Muhimpundu Marie Aimee , Galgalo Tura , Rwunganira Samuel , Dahourou Anicet G. , Tongren Eric , Koama Jean Baptiste , McQuiston Jennifer , Raghunathan Pratima L. , Massung Robert , Gatei Wangeci , Boer Kimberly , Nyatanyi Thierry , Mills Edward J. , Binagwaho Agnes
Published: June 2016

In August 2012, laboratory tests confirmed a mixed outbreak of epidemic typhus fever and trench fever in a male youth rehabilitation center in western Rwanda. Seventy-six suspected cases and 118 controls were enrolled into an unmatched case-control study to identify risk factors for symptomatic illness during the outbreak. A suspected case was fever or history of fever, from April 2012, in a resident of the rehabilitation center. In total, 199 suspected cases from a population of 1,910 male youth (attack rate = 10.4%) with seven deaths (case fatality rate = 3.5%) were reported. After multivariate analysis, history of seeing lice in clothing (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1–5.8), delayed (≥ 2 days) washing of clothing (aOR = 4.0, 95% CI = 1.6–9.6), and delayed (≥ 1 month) washing of beddings (aOR = 4.6, 95% CI = 2.0–11) were associated with illness, whereas having stayed in the rehabilitation camp for ≥ 6 months was protective (aOR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.10–0.40). Stronger surveillance and improvements in hygiene could prevent future outbreaks.
Tuberculosis Treatment Outcome and Drug Resistance in Lambaréné, Gabon: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Bélard Sabine , Remppis Jonathan , Bootsma Sanne , Janssen Saskia , Kombila Davy U. , Beyeme Justin O. , Rossatanga Elie G. , Kokou Cosme , Osbak Kara K. , Obiang Mba Régis M. , Kaba Harry M. , Traoré Afsatou N. , Ehrhardt Jonas , Bache Emmanuel B. , Flamen Arnaud , Rüsch-Gerdes Sabine , Frank Matthias , Adegnika Ayôla A. , Lell Bertrand , Niemann Stefan , Kremsner Peter G. , Loembé Marguerite M. , Alabi Abraham S. , Grobusch Martin P.
Published: June 2016

Despite overall global progress in tuberculosis (TB) control, TB remains one of the deadliest communicable diseases. This study prospectively assessed TB epidemiology in Lambaréné, Gabon, a Central African country ranking 10th in terms of TB incidence rate in the 2014 World Health Organization TB report. In Lambaréné, between 2012 and 2014, 201 adult and pediatric TB patients were enrolled and followed up; 66% had bacteriologically confirmed TB and 95% had pulmonary TB. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection rate was 42% in adults and 16% in children. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium africanum were identified in 82% and 16% of 108 culture-confirmed TB cases, respectively. Isoniazid (INH) and streptomycin yielded the highest resistance rates (13% and 12%, respectively). The multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB) rate was 4/91 (4%) and 4/13 (31%) in new and retreatment TB cases, respectively. Treatment success was achieved in 53% of patients. In TB/HIV coinfected patients, mortality rate was 25%. In this setting, TB epidemiology is characterized by a high rate of TB/HIV coinfection and low treatment success rates. MDR-TB is a major public health concern; the need to step-up in-country diagnostic capacity for culture and drug susceptibility testing as well as access to second-line TB drugs urgently requires action.
Licensed Dengue Vaccine: Public Health Conundrum and Scientific Challenge
Authors: Halstead Scott B.
Published: June 2016

A tetravalent live attenuated vaccine composed of chimeras of yellow fever 17D and the four dengue viruses (chimeric yellow fever dengue [CYD]) manufactured by Sanofi Pasteur has completed phase III clinical testing in over 35,000 children 2–16 years of age. The vaccine was recently licensed in four countries. During the first 2 years of observation, CYD vaccine efficacy ranged between 30% and 79% in 10 different countries with an overall efficacy of 56.8%. During year 3, there was an overall efficacy against hospitalization of 16.7%, but a relative risk of hospitalization of 1.6 among children younger than 9 years and 4.95 in children 5 years of age and younger. Vaccination of seronegative children resulted in universal broad dengue neutralizing antibody responses, but poor protection against breakthrough dengue cases. Unless proven otherwise, such breakthrough cases in vaccinated subjects should be regarded as vaccine antibody-enhanced (ADE). The provenance of these cases can be studied serologically using original antigenic sin immune responses in convalescent sera. In conventional dengue vaccine efficacy clinical trials, persons vaccinated as seronegatives may be hospitalized with breakthrough ADE infections, whereas in the placebo group, dengue infection of monotypic immunes results in hospitalization. Vaccine efficacy trial design must identify dengue disease etiology by separately measuring efficacy in seronegatives and seropositives. The reason(s) why CYD vaccine failed to raise protective dengue virus immunity are unknown. To achieve a safe and protective dengue vaccine, careful studies of monotypic CYD vaccines in humans should precede field trials of tetravalent formulations.
Proces prenove praktičnega usposabljanja: Praktično usposabljanje v bolonjskih študijskih programih
Authors: Repe Eva
Published: June 2016

Prispevek se osredotoča na formalno in vsebinsko prenovo praktičnega usposabljanja, ki je (lahko) del visokošolskih študijskih programov. Ob reformi študija po bolonjskih načelih so visokošolski zavodi prenovili tudi praktično usposabljanje. Predstavljeni so pravni okviri za prenovo študijskih programov in kako je ta potekala na Univerzi v Ljubljani. Članice univerze so ob upoštevanju načel bolonjske prenove in predpisov, ki so urejali to področje, pri procesu izhajale iz izkušenj izvajanja prakse v »starih« programih ter sledile napotkom, ki so bili oblikovani v začetnih letih uvajanja bolonjske prenove. Danes, ko so študijski programi prenovljeni, bo treba pozornost nameniti nadaljnjemu napredku in razvoju kakovosti študijskih programov in s tem tudi praktičnemu usposabljanju.
Optimized Computerized Order Entry can Reduce Errors in Electronic Prescriptions and Associated Pharmacy Calls to Clarify (CTC)
Authors: Ogletree Richard , Sutterfield Allison , Pace John , Lahr Laurene , Patel Jaimin
Published: June 2016

After implementation of a system-wide EMR within our university system, e-prescribing is now commonplace.

The authors conducted a study to assess whether optimization of computerized provider order entry (CPOE) can reduce errors in these electronically transmitted prescriptions and would require less frequent interventions from pharmacists, in particular the need for them to “call to clarify” (CTC) details of particular prescriptions. Secondary analysis based on cost assumptions was preformed to presume cost differences before and after optimization changes.

In order to generate complete, error-free prescriptions, optimization changes were implemented in the form of in line validation messages. These messages were generated if (1) an order did not specify a provider or pharmacy; (2) the DEA requirements were not met; (3) character limits were exceeded in patient sig or demographics or (4) administration instructions had breaks or had both discrete and free text elements. Retrospectively, prescriptions were randomly selected from a nine month period before and after implementing changes. These prescriptions were analyzed by a pharmacist and a nurse to identify types of errors that would require a CTC to a prescribing provider. Errors were compared statistically to determine effectiveness of changes pre and post optimization.

A total of 602 prescriptions were analyzed; 301 before changes and 301 after changes. Of these prescriptions, 20.27% had errors before changes and 12.96% had errors after changes. The decline in the error rate was considered statistically significant for p<0.05. The cost savings were estimated at $76 per 100 prescriptions for pharmacist and physician time-cost estimates combined.

Implementing optimization changes to the CPOE resulted in a reduction in error rate requiring pharmacist CTC. This study identifies effective optimization changes for electronic prescribing that can reduce prescribing errors and may result in cost saving.
Effect of increased ovulation rate on embryo and foetal survival as a model for selection by ovulation rate in rabbits
Authors: Badawy A.Y. , Peiro R. , Blasco A. , Santacreu M.A.
Published: June 2016

Selection for ovulation rate in prolific species has not improved litter size, due to an increase in prenatal mortality, with most mortality observed in the foetal period. The aim of this study was to investigate the magnitude and timing of embryo and early foetal survival in females with high ovulation rate using hormonal treatment as a model for selection by ovulation rate. Two groups of females (treated and untreated) were used. Treated females were injected with 50 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin 48 h before mating. Females were slaughtered at 18 d of gestation. Ovulation rate (OR), number of implanted embryos (IE), number of live foetuses at 12 and 18 d (LF12 and LF18, respectively) were recorded. In addition, embryo survival (ES=IE/OR), foetal survival at 18 d of gestation (FSLF18=LF18/IE), foetal survival between 12 and 18 d of gestation (FSLF18/LF12=LF18/LF12) and prenatal survival (PSLF18=LF18/OR) were estimated. For each female, the mean and variability of the weight for live foetuses (LFWm and LFWv, respectively) and their placentas (LFPWm and LFPWv, respectively) were calculated. Treated females had a higher ovulation rate (+3.02 ova) than untreated females, with a probability of 0.99. An increase in the differences (D) between treated and untreated females was observed from implantation to 18 d of gestation (D=–0.33, –0.70 and –1.28 for IE, LF12 and LF18, respectively). These differences had a low accuracy and the probability that treated females would have a lower number of foetuses also increased throughout gestation (0.60, 0.70 and 0.86 for IE, LF12 and LF18, respectively). According to the previous results for OR and LF18, treated females showed a lower survival rate from ovulation to 18 d of gestation (D=–0.12, P=0.98 for PSLF18). Treated females also had lower embryo and foetal survival (D=–0.10 and P=0.94 for ES and D=–0.08 and P=0.93 for FSLF18). Main differences in foetal survival appeared from 12 to 18 d of gestation (D=–0.09 and P=0.98 for FSLF18/LF12). Unexpectedly, treated females showed similar foetus weight and higher foetal placenta weight than untreated females (D=0.25 g, P=0.98) and lower variability for these traits (D=–0.02 g, P=0.72 for LFWv and D=–0.05 g, P=0.83 for LFPWv). These results are not related to a lower number of IE or LF18. Thus, the effect of increasing by three ova in rabbits leads to a lower embryo and early foetal survival. There seems to be no relationship between foetal mortality and foetus weight.