bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study on the Relation between the Energy Efficiency and Pressure Drop of Dual Inlet Cyclone Separator in Processing Indoor Farming Biomass Waste
Authors: Saikat Barua  , Azriszul Mohd Amin  , Akmal Nizam Mohammed  , Mohd Faizal Mohideen Batcha  , Makatar Wae-hayee
Published: May 2023

The cyclone separator is a device commonly used to separate particles from air, gas, or liquid streams. The addition of a secondary inlet is aimed at enhancing separation efficiency and productivity. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between energy efficiency and pressure drop in dual inlet cyclone separators. The cyclone separator was intended to be used in processing biomass waste from indoor farming. The experiment was conducted by varying the input velocity of the system and injecting sand particles into the cyclone separator. The results showed that energy efficiency is positively correlated with average particle size and negatively correlated with pressure drop and velocity. The highest energy efficiency was observed when using particles with a size of 624µm and an input velocity of 9 m/s. These findings suggest that optimizing particle size can lead to reduced energy usage and operational costs while minimizing environmental pollution. The present study provides a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between energy usage and efficiency in a cyclone separator, which can help industries improve their performance.
FUZZY MODEL FOR TIME SERIES FORECASTING
Authors: Ibraeva Zhanar , Bektemyssova Gulnara , Ahmad Abd Rahim
Published: May 2023

Abstract: In 2007, in Kazakhstan, there was a transition of TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) circuit-switched technologies to IP (Internet Protocol) packet technology, which created a modern infrastructure for the ICT (information communication technologies) sphere. The advent of the IoT (Internet of Things) concept has led to the growth of a functioning network at a faster rate. It is currently developing in the direction of a cognitive infocommunication network. Its evolutionary development is characterized by a change in the volume of transmitted information, types of its presentation, methods of transmission and storage, the number of sources and consumers, distribution among users, requirements for timeliness and reliability (quality) [1]. Types of traffic and their structure are changing, therefore data processing becomes more complicated. For this reason, the tasks of analyzing and predicting network traffic remain relevant.

In this work, the prediction of the measured traffic on a real network is performed. The series under study shows the totality of packets transmitted over the backbone network for each second. Forecasting of a one-dimensional time series is carried out on the basis of fuzzy logic methods. This class of models is well suited for modeling nonlinear systems and time series forecasting. The use of fuzzy sets is based on the ability of fuzzy models to approximate functions, as well as on the readability of rules using linguistic variables. The results of the software algorithm of fuzzy inference models were obtained using the Python environment. Membership functions, predictive graphs were built and their evaluation was carried out. The numerical values of the root mean square error (MSE) are calculated. As a result, it was found that the Cheng fuzzy prediction model has higher forecast accuracy than the Chen forecasting method.
ЕND-TO-END SPEECH RECOGNITION SYSTEMS FOR AGGLUTINATIVE LANGUAGES
Authors: Bekarystankyzy Akbayan , Mamyrbayev Orken
Published: May 2023

With the improvement of intelligent systems, speech recognition technologies are being widely integrated into various aspects of human life. Speech recognition is applied to smart assistants, smart home infrastructure, the call center applications of banks, information system components for impaired people, etc. But these facilities of information systems are available only for common languages, like English, Chinese, or Russian. For low-resource language, these opportunities for information technologies are still not implemented. Most modern speech recognition approaches are still not tested on agglutinative languages, especially for the languages of Turkic group like Kazakh, Tatar, and Turkish Languages. The HMM-GMM (Hidden Markov Models - Gaussian Mixture Models) model has been the most popular in the field of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) for a long time. Currently, neural networks are widely used in different fields of NLP, especially in automatic speech recognition. In an enormous number of works application of neural networks within different stages of automatic speech recognition makes the quality level of this systems much better. Integral speech recognition systems based on neural networks are investigated in the article. The paper proves that the Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) model works precisely for agglutinative languages. The author conducted an experiment with the LSHTM neural network using an encoder-decoder model, which is based on the attention-based models. The result of the experiment showed a Character Error Rate (CER) equal to 8.01% and a Word Error Rate (WER) equal to 17.91%. This result proves the possibility of getting a good ASR model without the use of the Language Model (LM).
AN EFFICIENT APPROACH FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GOBANG GAME USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE METHODS
Authors: Dospanova Assem , Kusdavletov Sanzhar , Kalikova Aigerim
Published: May 2023

Gobang is one of the most ancient abstract strategy games for two players. The game is traditionally played on a board with black and white stones, where players take turns placing a colored stone on an empty intersection. The winner is the first player to form an unbroken chain of five stones, either horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. Although the rules of Gobang seem pretty straightforward, the game tree complexity is enormous since the board state is more intuitive than in other games. In this paper, we will implement an algorithm that will solve the Gobang game using artificial intelligence (AI) methods. The program will begin learning from scratch, then use self-play to produce training data, and eventually steadily build up its strength.

The present work first focuses on the implementation of the supervised learning algorithm in the identification procedure in order to identify the position of the current fallen piece. This will be achieved by utilizing image processing and a convolutional neural network. Then a Gobang game procedure will be implemented using a game search algorithm, in which the state of the game is judged by means of a human-set function. After that, the function of judging the game state in the above game search algorithm will be changed to an artificial neural network (ANN) model, since it is convenient to train a model with a small dataset. Finally, the reinforcement learning algorithm will be applied to learn the artificial neural network model so that the playing level of the Gobang game program can be continuously improved.
THE ARCHITECTURE OF DYNAMIC INTEGRATED INTELLIGENCE MODEL FOR MANAGING INNOVATION PROJECTS
Authors: Bushuyev Sergey , Bushuyeva Natalia , Bushuieva Victoria , Bushuiev Denis
Published: May 2023

Existing Intelligence Models for managing innovative projects and programs have been explored. The competency-based approach is considered the basis for building a Dynamic Integrated Intelligence Model for managing innovative projects and programs. The proposed architecture of two groups of competence at a high level and five groups of Competencies lower level of the Dynamic Integrated Intelligence Model for Managing Innovation Projects. The Dynamic Integrated Intelligence model has two groups of high levels – Fluid intelligence and Crystallized intelligence. The lower-level model is presented by seven groups of interrelated competencies: strategic, managerial, emotional, social, cognitive, business, and technical. Each group of competencies of the Dynamic Integrated Intelligence Model is defined. The Dynamic Integrated Intelligence Model (DIIM) is a framework that helps individuals and organizations develop and enhance their ability to adapt to change and uncertainty. It is based on the idea that intelligence is not a fixed trait but rather a dynamic set of skills and abilities that can be developed and improved over time. By developing and enhancing these four components of intelligence, individuals, and organizations can become more adaptable, innovative, and resilient in the face of change and uncertainty. The dynamic integrated intelligence model can be applied in an Agile environment to enhance the cognitive and social-emotional skills of Agile team members. Applying the dynamic integrated intelligence model in an Agile environment can lead to better teamwork, enhanced problem-solving abilities, and improved project outcomes. The organization competence-based IPMA Delta model was used to assess the project team’s competence level. As an example of the application, the Dynamic Integrated Intelligence Model to the implementation of the double degree project of the Kyiv National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture and the Dortmund University of Applied Sciences.
Future Religious Education, The Case of Indonesia: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Chandra Robby Igusti
Published: May 2023

As a nation with more than six religions, religious education in Indonesia is a compulsory subject for primary to tertiary level students. Considering the current condition where intolerance seems to be on the increase, learning and appreciating other religious views instead of merely one’s own has become a pressing need. Through literary analysis and personal interviews with teachers and religious leaders, this study explored views on the current challenges and the necessary approaches to religious education in Indonesia in the future. From the study, most participants showed an awareness of the need for a multi-faith approach, as well as a dialogical, critical, and open-minded approach to religious education. The study contributes to the literature that is focused on gaining a more holistic view of the multi-faceted society that will emerge between now and the year 2045 when students will live in a hyper-connected society.

Keywords: Indonesia, Religious Education, Vision 2045, Pluralism, Tolerance
DOES LOCAL ECONOMIC UNCERTAINTY MATTER FOR RISK OF PROPERTY COMPANIES? EVIDENCE FROM US REITS
Authors: Song Jeongseop
Published: May 2023

With the growing number of publicly listed property companies worldwide, investors are increasingly interested in assessing the risks of such real estate companies in the stock market. This study aims to investigate the risk of US equity real estate investment trusts (REITs) in the local market context. Using US equity REITs data from 1997 to 2020, this study examines the impact of local economic uncertainty (LEU) on risk of REITs. To measure LEU, we first exploit textual analysis to extract geographical information from REITs’ annual financial reports (10-K filings) and construct state-level regional exposure for each firm. We then obtain LEU by incorporating the regional exposure with local market uncertainty based on locally headquartered firms. In the empirical results, we find that REITs with higher LEU are strongly and positively associated with higher future risks. This positive relationship is robust to a variety of alternative risk and LEU measures. Moreover, the effects of LEU are stronger for geographically concentrated REITs and LEU is positively priced by investors.
Catalog of Georgian Earth-boring dung beetles (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae)
Authors: Japarashvili Shota
Published: May 2023

Abstract

A summarized list of Georgian earth-boring dung beetles is given, together with Georgian names, distribution data, and suggestions for national red list status according to IUCN Red List categories and criteria.
Morphological and molecular analyses reveal two new species of Microcera (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales) associated with scale insects on walnut in China
Authors: Liu Feng , Deng Yu , Wang Fei-Hu , Jeewon Rajesh , Zeng Qian , Xu Xiu-Lan , Liu Ying-Gao , Yang Chun-Lin
Published: May 2023

The fungal genus Microcera consists of species mostly occurring as parasites of scale insects, but are also commonly isolated from soil or lichens. In the present study, we surveyed the diversity and assess the taxonomy of entomopathogenic fungi in Sichuan Province, China. Two new species of Microcera, viz. M. chrysomphaludis and M. pseudaulacaspidis, were isolated from scale insects colonising walnut (Juglans regia). Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference analyses of ITS, LSU, tef1-α, rpb1, rpb2, acl1, act, tub2, cmdA and his3 sequence data provide evidence for the validity of the two species and their placement in Nectriaceae (Hypocreales). Microcera pseudaulacaspidis primarily differs from similar species by having more septate and smaller cylindrical macroconidia, as well as DNA sequence data. Meanwhile, Microcera chrysomphaludis has elliptical, one-septate ascospores with acute ends and cylindrical, slightly curved with 4–6 septate macroconidia up to 78 µm long. Morphological descriptions with illustrations of the novel species and DNA-based phylogeny generated from analyses of multigene dataset are also provided to better understand species relationships.
Participation as a research approach in academia: a converging field
Authors: Bessert-Nettelbeck Mathilde , Bischof Andreas , Sturm Ulrike , Nagy Emilia , Schraudner Martina , Backhaus Julia , Bruckermann Till , Hecker Susanne , Henke Justus , Köpferl Karola , Kirschke Sabrina , Liedtke Christin , Mahr Felix , Maibaum Arne , Podann Audrey , Rössig Wiebke , Schäfer Martina , Schröder Carolin , Schrögel Philipp , Shennan Victoria , Steinhaus Norbert , Stewart Mhairi , van den Bogaert Vanessa , Voigt-Heucke Silke
Published: May 2023

Citizen science, transdisciplinary research, dialogic forms of science communication or public engagement: these and other research approaches and fields, often subsumed under participatory research, have in common that they enable people outside of academia to actively engage in the production of scientific knowledge. However, each of these fields sets its own goals, uses different formats and has a different scope and impact. The conference 'Opportunities and Limitations of Participation in Academia' held in September 2022 as part of the German Science Year 'Participate!' aimed to connect the various participation communities in Germany and to explore commonalities and success factors. Through intensive discussions in four working groups, a keynote speech and a panel discussion, the conference initiated an exchange of ideas and experiences amongst researchers in a converging field. This report is a summary of the key questions and outcomes of the conference.
A novel method for calculating the contribution rates of economic growth factors
Authors: Cheng Maolin , Liu Bin
Published: May 2023

The common production functions include the Leontief production function, the Cobb-Douglas (C-D) production function, the constant elasticity of substitution (CES) production function, the variable elasticity of substitution (VES) production function and so on. With different elasticity of substitution of factor, the production functions have different ranges of applications. In the production functions, the C-D production function is used the most widely because of its simple form, while the CES production function and the VES production function have limitations in applications due to their complicated forms. However, the C-D production function has the elasticity of substitution of factors of 1, and the CES production function has the elasticity of substitution of factors which is not 1 but a constant, so the two production functions both have limitations in applications. The VES production function with the variable elasticity of substitution is more practical in some application cases. This paper studies the applications of the VES production function model and gives a method of calculating the contribution rates of economic growth factors scientifically. As for the parameter estimation of the model, this paper gives an improved Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA) to enhance the convergence rate and precision. Finally, the paper makes an empirical analysis on the contribution rates of economic growth factors of Shanghai City, China, using the method proposed.
Quantifying the effect of defective viral genomes in respiratory syncytial virus infections
Authors: Noffel Zakarya , Dobrovolny Hana M.
Published: May 2023

Defective viral genomes (DVGs) are viral genomes that contain only a partial viral RNA and so cannot replicate within cells on their own. If a cell containing DVGs is subsequently infected with a complete viral genome, the DVG can then use the missing proteins expressed by the full genome in order to replicate itself. Since the cell is producing defective genomes, it has less resources to produce fully functional virions and thus release of complete virions is often suppressed. Here, we use data from challenge studies of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in healthy adults to quantify the effect of DVGs. We use a mathematical model to fit the data, finding that late onset of DVGs and prolonged DVG detection are associated with lower infection rates and higher clearance rates. This result could have implications for the use of DVGs as a therapeutic.
Effectiveness and safety of spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing open radical retropubic prostatectomy
Authors: Blanco Salvatore , Grasso Angelica , Sulmina Endrit , Grasso Marco
Published: May 2023

Objective: Prostate cancer is one of the most widespread neoplasms affecting the male gender. The most commonly used procedures in various urological centers are laparoscopic and robotic surgery because they are considered minimally invasive techniques. We present our experience in traditional open radical prostatectomy performed under spinal anesthesia. Materials and methods: We reviewed the clinical courses of 88 consecutive patients who underwent open radical prostatectomy performed under spinal anesthesia at our Institution. Results: Median age: 67.7 years. Median follow up duration: 48 months. Median pre-operative PSA: 15,9 ng/ml, median Prostate weight: 44.5 gr, median surgical time: 96.5 minutes (range 55-138). Perioperative complications were recorded. The most frequent complication was anemia, 9 cases need blood transfusion after surgery. Complications directly related to spinal anesthesia were not observed. Most patients were discharged within 5 days from the procedure. After two weeks we observed a quick recovery of total continence in 90% of patients. After 6 months all patients were perfectly continent. Erectile dysfunction after 6 months was reported by 48 patients. Conclusions: The reasons why the gold standard of radical prostatectomy surgery has been considered general anesthesia are essentially two: the long duration of the surgical procedure and the associated significant blood loss. Multiple evidences show that radical retropubic prostatectomy can be safely performed under spinal anaesthesia with various advantages. It is therefore no longer justified to consider general anesthesia as the gold standard for radical prostatectomy with an open technique.
Single-incision needleless mini-sling technique for female stress urinary incontinence: A comparative study with standard transobturator inside-out technique
Authors: E. Shebl Salah , Ali Eman , Ibrahim Sayeda
Published: May 2023

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of surgeon-tailored polypropylene mesh (STM) through a needle-less single incision mini-slings (SIMS) vs. standard trans-obturator tape (TOT) in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Methods: We conducted an open-label randomized controlled trial that included women with SUI. Eligible women were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either standard TOT or SIMS techniques. All procedures were performed using a surgeon-tailored polypropylene mesh and monofilament tape. Results: A total of 60 women were included. The mean operative time was significantly longer in the standard TOT group. The mean bleeding rate was significantly higher in the standard TOT group (87.6 ± 10.6 cc) compared to the SIMS group (60.0 ± 8.1 cc). There was no urethral injury in both groups. Transient thigh pain occurs in 12 cases (40 %) of the standard TOT and no cases in the SIMS group (p < 0.001). After three months, there was no significant statistical difference between the result of the two groups as regard to cure or improvement rate. No failed cases were reported in both groups (p = 0.64). Likewise, there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding patients' satisfaction rate. Conclusions: SIMS was not inferior to standard TOT. STM SIMS is a mini-invasive, relatively safe, reproducible, easy to perform in a short time, with excellent patient tolerability and minimal pain, allowing early return to work and economically effective surgical procedure for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence.
Recreation use of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, the other side of erectile dysfunction
Authors: Fusco Giovanni Maria , Cirillo Luigi , Mastrangelo Francesco , Romano Francesco , Di Mauro Ernesto , Cacace Gianluigi , Spena Gianluca , Iannicelli Annamaria , Franzese Corrado Aniello , Mirone Vincenzo , La Rocca Roberto , Napolitano Luigi
Published: May 2023

To the Editor, In 1998 Sildenafil was approved by the Food and Drug Administration as first line therapy for erectile dysfunction. Since then, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) represent the first-line treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED), improving physiological erectile function, sexual orgasmic function, psychological self-esteem, couples’ relationship, and quality of life. [...]
Methods of payment for oral health care in Yaoundé
Authors: Agbor Ashu Michael , Bruno Kaptue , Leonard Tedong , Bahaya Reine , Alice Lumneh , Naidoo Sudeshni , Charles Fokunang
Published: May 2023

Payment for dental services is one of the key determinants of treatment options, access to health care, and treatment decisions. The ability to pay for services directly affects the quality of life of an individual and also their accessibility to oral health services. The aim of the present study was to identify the different methods of payment used to obtain oral health care in Yaoundé, Cameroon This was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in selected dental clinics in Yaoundé using convenient sampling between January 2021 and June 2021. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. A total of 377 patients aged 8 to 83 years made up of 194 (51.46%) females and 183 (48.54%) males participated in the study. There is no government-assisted package for oral health care in Cameroon and more than two-thirds (66.84%) made direct payments or paid out of pocket without a refund from any insurance company. More than half 147 (58.33%) of the study population did not complete the planned dental care due to insufficient funds. Direct payments covered treatments such as scaling, restorations, root canal therapy, and dental extractions while prostheses (dentures, crowns, bridges, and implants) were only afforded by very few patients. The reasons for the inability to pay for dental services included financial difficulties 107 (72.97%) and lack of time 36 (24.49%). Only half 36 (50%) of the participants employed in the formal sector had access to health insurance and treatments like scaling, dental prosthesis, orthodontics, and dental implants were rarely provided by an insurance company. These procedures were considered to be very expensive with fluctuating prices and were viewed as being for aesthetic purposes. The majority 67 (93.06%) of payments through insurance reported being reimbursed aftercare. Two-thirds of 48 (71.64%) of the insured participants said it was difficult to get reimbursed due to the administrative bottlenecks and as such some preferred to pay out of pocket despite being insured. Late consultations encountered led to caries complications with 105 (52.24%) pulpitis. In general, financial difficulty was reported by 97 (48.26%) as the main reason for not being able to afford dental care. Oral diseases present a huge burden for children and adults due to the high cost of treatment limiting their accessibility and treatment options. There is a need to create compulsory health insurance to enhance greater access to oral health services to encourage the population to seek dental care timeously.
VAC Therapy e ferite traumatiche: revisione della letteratura
Authors: Brafa Simona , Milatino Sgambati Michele Angelo
Published: May 2023

Negli ultimi anni, la terapia a pressione topica negativa sta ricoprendo un ruolo sempre più  significativo nella gestione delle ferite traumatiche.
Modulatory effect of D-pinitol on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats
Authors: Duan Yu-Ling , Wang Zhi-Hua , Huo Yan-Xia , Zhang Yang , Wu Xiao-Ran , Gong Cui-Ke , Bai Lin-Lin
Published: May 2023

Objective:

To assess the effect of D-pinitol on pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin.

Methods:

Sprague-Dawley rats received intratracheal bleomycin (6 IU/kg) to induce pulmonary fibrosis, followed by administration of either D-pinitol (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg) or vehicle or methylprednisolone (10 mg/kg) over 28 days after bleomycin administration. Lung function, biochemical parameters, serum biochemistry, mRNA expressions, and histological features were observed.

Results:

D-pinitol at 10 and 20 mg/kg significantly (P<0.05) attenuated bleomycin-induced bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, decreased myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde levels, and increased glutathione and superoxide dismutase level. D-pinitol also improved lung function (enhanced pause, frequency of breathing, expired volume, and tidal volume). Besides, D-pinitol significantly (P<0.05) upregulated Nrf2 and downregulated mRNA expressions of TGF-β, collagen-1, and Smad-3. Furthermore, considerably less inflammation (peribronchial, perivascular, and total), Ashcroft, and interstitial fibrosis scores were observed in the D-pinitol group.

Conclusions:

D-pinitol exerts its effect against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via antioxidative and anti-fibrotic pathways.
Platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of alopecia areata: A retrospective evaluation of 17 patients
Authors: Kelleci Yusuf , Aydin Fatma , Sahin* Gokhan , Yuksel Esra Pancar
Published: May 2023

Background:

Alopecia areata (AA) is a disease of unknown etiology which is thought to be autoimmune, that presents challenges in terms of treatment. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can induce the development of new hair follicles through various growth factors it contains. PRP could be a treatment option for patients with AA.

Objectives:

We aim to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of PRP treatment in patients with patch-type AA.

Methods:

The study included 17 patients diagnosed with patch-type AA who received PRP treatment at least 3 sessions every 4 weeks. Treatment response was evaluated by calculating the severity of alopecia tool (SALT) scores.

Results:

The mean age of patients was 29.70 ± 10.09, and the mean disease duration was 18.17 ± 39.46 months. The mean SALT score of 17 patients was 6.82 ± 4.96 and 4.35 ± 4.58 before treatment and at the end of the 3rd month, respectively. The reduction in SALT scores was statistically significant (P = 0.01). At the end of the 3rd month, six patients (35.3%) had an excellent response, one patient (5.9%) had a good response, one patient (5.9%) had a partial response, and nine patients (52.9%) showed no response. The mean SALT scores of four patients who received six sessions of PRP of treatment were 6.00 ± 2.94 and 1.75 ± 2.06 at the end of the 6th month. No serious side effects were noted. Relapse was observed in one patient within 1 year of follow-up.

Conclusion:

As a result of our study, PRP treatment was found to be an effective and reliable treatment method in patients with mild AA.
Comparison of Manual versus Automated Choroidal Thickness Measurements Using Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Abdelazeem Khaled , El-Sebaity Dalia Mohamed , Mokhtar Esraa Rifat , Wasfi Ehab , Mohammad Aly Momen Ahmad
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to compare the automated and manual choroidal thickness (CT) measures in normal eyes using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

Patients and Methods:

This prospective study included 80 eyes from 40 normal volunteers. CT was measured manually and automatically in all eyes using Topcon deep-range imaging-1 SS-OCT. Automatically calculated measures, which are shown as a colored topographic map with nine subfields, defined by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) style grid, compared to manual measures at the subfoveal area, at four points 1 mm around the fovea as well as at four points 3 mm around the fovea.

Results:

The mean subfoveal CT (SFCT) was 271.77 ± 78.78 μm for the automatically measured ETDRS map and 282.81 ± 83.74 μm for the manual SFCT measurements. The difference between manual and automated measurement was the smallest in SFCT at 11.03 ± 35 μm and the greatest in the outer temporal area at 48.36 ± 49.83 μm. Manually measured CT was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in all nine areas compared to automated ETDRS map measurements.

Conclusions:

Manual measurement of CT is significantly higher than automated measurements. In addition, they cannot replace automated methods.
Demographic features, laboratory findings and outcomes of ICU patients with COVID-19 in Ahvaz, Iran: A single-centered prospective study
Authors: Shoushtari Maryam Haddad Zadeh , Safapour Neda , Savaie Mohsen , Raji Hanieh , Cheraghian Bahman
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

COVID-19 can lead to severe acute respiratory syndrome so that some patients need to be admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The aim of the current study is to investigate the frequency of demographic, laboratory and imaging findings and type of treatment and their relationship with disease outcomes in patients with COVID-19.

Material and Methods:

This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on all patients with COVID-19 who were admitted in the ICU of Razi Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran from January 20 to February 20, 2021. Patient information including demographic features, laboratory and imaging findings and clinical outcomes was recorded.

Results:

One hundred and thirty-three patients were recruited in the present study, out of which 74 patients (55.6%) were males and 59 patients (44.4%) were females. The overall mortality rate of patients was 35.3% (47 patients) and was higher in patients over 65 years of age. There was a significant difference in terms of thrombocytopenia (P value: 0.001), lymphopenia (P value: 0.004), progression of lung involvement in imaging, shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), sepsis and receiving invasive respiratory support in living and deceased patients (P value < 0.001). Furthermore, the difference in life status and the length of in-ICU stay in patients with hyperkalemia and renal failure was statistically significant (P value = 0.033, P value < 0.001 respectively).

Conclusion:

Mortality rate of patients with COVID- 19 admitted to ICU is generally high. According to the findings of this study, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, hyperkalemia and AKI are laboratory disorders associated with increased mortality. Moreover, the progression of pulmonary involvement in imaging, shock, DIC, sepsis, and need to invasive respiratory support is associated with low survival of patients.
Acceptance, safety and efficacy of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device
Authors: Nalini Neelam , Singh Bijeta , Jha Saumaya , Singh Aditya V.
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) is safe method of contraception, but with low acceptability rate. Factors that govern acceptability needs to be addressed for increasing its rate. This study was done to assess the acceptance, efficiency, and complications of PPIUCD in tertiary centre of Jharkhand, India.

Methods:

This prospective study included antenatal women >34 weeks of gestational age who attended antenatal women in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology between 1st January 2020 to 1st September 2020. Details related to age, parity, education, awareness of PPIUCD, reasons for acceptance/refusal of PPIUCD were recorded. The types of insertion were postplacental, postcaesarean, and postabortal. Postinsertion counselling was done for PPIUCD, and women were followed-up at 6 weeks and 10 weeks for assessing complications.

Results:

The overall acceptance rate was 36.23% (n = 100). The main reasons for rejecting the use of PPIUCD included fear of pain, bleeding, and other complications (59.09%) and COVID-19 (10.23%). In majority (80%), type of insertion was postplacental with postcaesarean in 18% and postabortal in 2%. Complications were present in 14% women that included abdominal pain (8%), heavy menstrual bleeding (6%), infection (4%), thread not visible (1%), and IUCD not located by USG or X-ray (1%). At 6 months, expulsion occurred in 2 women. There was no significant association of age (P = 0.312), religion (P = 1), tribal/non-tribal (P = 1), education level (P = 0.628), and type of insertion (P = 0.356) with complications. At 1 year of follow up, none of the women conceived again showing the efficacy to be 100% as a contraceptive.

Conclusion:

In spite of limited awareness, PPIUCD proved to be an effective and safe method of long-acting reversible contraception. However, it had low rate of acceptability. PPIUCD was related to lesser complications as expulsion occurred in only 2 women at 6 months. Factors such as age, religion, tribal/non-tribal, education level, and type of insertion were not associated with acceptability rate. PPIUCD was 100% effective as a contraceptive.
C- reactive protein levels in women with prelabour rupture of membrane and women with normal labour
Authors: Blossia Susan , Tirkey Richa Sasmita , Kingsbury Beena , Yenuberi Hilda , Mahasampath Gowri , Jude John , Benjamin Santosh , Mathews Jiji Elizabeth , Rathore Swati
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

There is a very little information known about CRP in term pregnancies. It is a marker that is easily tested and is inexpensive. Although CRP has been used very effectively in diagnosing infection in the neonate, its clinical use and values have not been studied in term pregnancies. The level of CRP that is truly normal or clinically innocuous is not known.

Objectives:

This is a cross-sectional study to compare the CRP levels in antenatal women with PROM and women with normal labor and assess its utility to predict sepsis.

Methods:

This is a prospective study done over a period of one year and approved by the insititutional ethical committee (IRB. Min. No 11102[OBSERVE] dated 10.01.2018). Sample for CRP was collected from 112 antenatal women with prelabor rupture of membranes within 12 hours of admission (Group A) and from 112 antenatal women in spontaneous labor without rupture of membrane (Group B). CRP samples are processed by nephelometry method.

Results:

The median CRP value in Group A is 9.15 and Group B is 7.26, with no statistical difference. Chorioamnionitis, neonatal sepsis, and endometritis were similar in both the groups.

Conclusion:

CRP cannot be used as predictor for chorioamnionitis, endometritis, and neonatal sepsis. There was no significant difference in CRP levels between the two groups.
Heterotopic sites of pleomorphic adenoma
Authors: Kaur Jasmeen , Kaur Manmeet
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

The majority of the tumours occurring in minor salivary glands are malignant with only 18% being benign. Among the benign tumours, pleomorphic adenoma is the most common. Although it presents more commonly in the parotid and submandibular glands, it can occur at any site where salivary glands reside. Only 6.4% of cases of pleomorphic adenoma occur in minor salivary glands, e.g. palate, cheeks, lips, para-pharyngeal space, etc. It occurs in females in the fourth or fifth decade. It presents as an asymptomatic and slow-growing mass. The treatment of choice is wide local excision due to the high rate of recurrence and malignant potential. We present rare case reports of two patients. The first case is of a young 18 years female presenting with recurrent neck (anterior triangle) swelling and the second case is of a 46-year-old female presenting with lower lip swelling. In both cases, it was a slow-growing mass and asymptomatic. Cytological examination of the lesion revealed the diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma. It was completely excised with no post-operative complication. Pleomorphic adenoma, although a common benign neoplasm of major salivary glands, should always be kept as a possibility at the locations of minor salivary glands. As pleomorphic adenoma can transform into a malignant counterpart, therefore early diagnosis and treatment of the lesion can prevent further complications. The prognosis of pleomorphic adenoma is excellent. However, a close follow-up of the patient is required due to the high rate of recurrence.
To evaluate serum cortisol levels in patients with alcohol withdrawal delirium v/s patients with delirium due to any other disorder
Authors: Sibia Ishrat , Singh Angad H. , Joshi Rahul , Khanduja Deepak , Bathla Manish
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Delirium is an acute confusional state characterized by changes in the mental status, level of consciousness, impaired cognition, and inattention. It can develop within hours or days. Cortisol release from the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA) is vital for the host survival in stress. Biomarkers are used as an indicator of pathogenic processes or to assess the responses to a therapeutic intervention. To improve delirium recognition and care, investigators have identified possible biomarkers that may help in diagnosing individuals with delirium, assessing the severity of delirium. Cortisol has been suggested as biomarker for the diagnosis of delirium.

Aims and Objectives:

To evaluate and compare levels of serum cortisol in patients with alcohol withdrawal delirium with delirium due to other disorders.

Materials and Methods:

It was a cross-sectional prospective observational study. A total of 30 patients in Group A and 32 in Group B were included. The participants were evaluated based on delirium rating scale (DRS).

Results:

It was seen that in alcohol withdrawal delirium group, there was significant positive correlation between DRS score and serum cortisol level, i.e., with increase in DRS score, there was increase in serum cortisol levels and vice versa.

Conclusion:

Serum cortisol levels are associated and directly correlate with the occurrence and severity of delirium. Further studies are needed to elucidate the implications of this association for diagnosis and treatment.
Positive influencers for early initiation of breastfeeding
Authors: Sharma Nidhi , Oberoi Simmi , Moses Pidakala Mary
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

The practice of newborns being put to the breasts soon after birth results in a reduction in neonatal mortality. Factors such as antenatal care attendance, delivery at the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) facility, mode of delivery, number of children, and various socio-cultural practices are found to have a positive impact on the early initiation of breastfeeding. The present study was performed to determine the socio-demographic, maternal, and neonatal factors affecting the early initiation of breastfeeding.

Methodology:

A hospital-based cross-sectional study was performed at the Immunization Clinic and Nursery situated in a government tertiary care hospital for assessing the pattern of breastfeeding initiation. Children born at the hospital and also those reporting to the clinic from outside were included in the study.

Results:

Breastfeeding initiation within 1 hour after delivery was only 30%, and 9% did not initiate breastfeeding at all. About half of the reasons for not initiating breastfeeding were related to mothers, followed by 30% related to babies.

Conclusion:

Upon regression analysis, it was found that urban residence, higher educational status of the mothers, and those mothers who were not counselled on breastfeeding during antenatal visits had higher odds of not initiating breastfeeding and that was statistically significant.
Ascertainment of causes of neonatal death using verbal autopsy in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Mishra Ashutosh , Sinha Smita , Bhadoria Ajeet S. , Khare Chetan
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

India shares a huge burden of the total number of global neonatal deaths. The neonatal mortality rate in Uttarakhand is higher in comparison to the national rate. Understanding the causes and contextual factors that contribute to neonatal deaths is critical for developing a health programme and policy. Therefore, this study was aimed to ascertain causes of neonatal deaths using verbal autopsy in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand.

Material and Methods:

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand from July 2018 to June 2019. The study participants were mothers or primary caregivers of deceased neonates. The verbal autopsy tool of the National Health Mission, Government of India was used to collect data. All neonatal deaths from July 2018 to June 2019 were included in this study. The cause of neonatal death was ascertained by two independent doctors.

Results:

A total of 23 neonatal deaths could be traced during July 2018 through June 2019 in Rishikesh. One death was excluded from the study. Sixty-eight percent (15/22) of neonatal deaths occurred in the first week of life. Major causes of neonatal deaths were perinatal asphyxia (7/22), congenital malformation (6/22), and prematurity (4/22). Most (9/22) of the delays were in making a decision to seek medical care for neonates.

Conclusion:

The major causes of neonatal deaths were perinatal asphyxia, congenital malformation, and prematurity. Most of the deaths occurred during the early neonatal period.
Training of Family Medicine residents in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Upadhyay Smita , Flora Rebecca , Rajaee Arezoo , Ugiliweneza Beatrice , Iles Ashley M.
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

The immediate impact of the pandemic on resident training has been well documented. As the pandemic and its effects persisted beyond what was initially predicted, this study aimed to assess the impact of the pandemic on the training of family medicine (FM) residents a year after it began and to assess the burnout residents experienced during this period.

Methods:

The survey was conducted between January 18 and February 18, 2021. Participation was solicited via an email sent to the program directors throughout the US, who were asked to circulate the survey among their residents. The questionnaire was divided into sections to assess the impact of the pandemic on clinical training, didactics, and preparedness for the next phase in the career. In addition, the burnout experienced was assessed using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory.

Results:

227 responses were analyzed. 83% (n = 186) of respondents felt that the pandemic had a negative impact on their training and 63% (n = 141) felt that the pandemic had a negative impact on didactics. 50% (n = 44) of the third-year residents thought that they would be able to meet the graduation requirement for outpatient encounters. 41% (n = 36) of the third-year residents felt less prepared for the next step in their careers. 119 respondents met the cutoff threshold for personal burnout, 134 for work-related burnout, and 65 for client-related burnout.

Conclusion:

Residency training is difficult with high reported rates of burnout before the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reinforces the evidence that the pandemic made both mental well-being and adequate training more difficult for FM residents across the country.
Knowledge and practice and attitude toward cupping therapy among physicians in Sheikh Khalifa medical city
Authors: Al Zaabi Meera , Al Zuraiqi Esraa , Al Dhanhani Jawaher , Al Yammahi Maryam , Al Teniji Muna , Darwish Ebtihal
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Complementary medicine (CM) is gaining popularity worldwide. According to the 2019 World Health Organization global report on traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM), 80% of member states acknowledged practicing T&CM. In the United Arab Emirates, T&CM practice prevalence in 2012 was 20–39%. These trends highlight physicians’ need for knowledge on CM, such as cupping therapy.

Objective:

This study aims to assess knowledge, practice, and attitude toward cupping therapy (CT) among physicians in Sheikh Khalifa medical city (SKMC).

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2020 to March 2021 among the physicians of SKMC. The survey was carried out using an online questionnaire. The questionnaire included four sections: socio-demographics, knowledge of physicians toward cupping therapy, physicians’ attitude toward cupping therapy, and physicians’ practice toward cupping therapy. SPSS version 28 was used for data analysis. Data were reported in frequencies and percentages. A P value of <0.05 is the level of statistical significance.

Results:

The response rate was 83%. Among the 154 participants, 67.5% had adequate knowledge of CT, 66.9% showed a positive attitude, and 31.2% reported good practice toward CT. Individuals below 40 years reported significantly lesser knowledge than individuals over 40 years (p = 0.035, OR 0.49 [0.246–0.998]). Over 80% of physicians concur that cupping therapy can be used to treat and manage low back pain, joint discomfort, headache, migraine, and anxiety. The majority of physicians believe that education regarding cupping therapy is required.

Conclusions:

Most physicians had adequate knowledge and a positive attitude toward cupping therapy.