bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Práctica de campo en la asignatura de Geografía Económica mediante aprendizaje basado en proyectos y en el lugar
Authors: Torres Enjuto Mª Concepción , Aguado-Moralejo Itziar , Ormaetxea Arenaza Orbange
Published: December 2022

El trabajo de campo en Geografía constituye una de las esencias de la disciplina donde la teoría, la práctica y la realidad se retroalimentan. La transferencia de conocimiento, obtenido en la investigación del profesorado, es transmitido en la docencia mediante la práctica de campo y reúne múltiples ventajas desde el punto de vista pedagógico. La práctica de campo en el ámbito docente facilita la consecución de competencias específicas y transversales en un contexto más estimulante que el aula. Exponemos la implementación de una práctica de campo atendiendo a dos metodologías activas: el Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos y Aprendizaje Basado en el Lugar. Asimismo, hemos indagado en los pilares constructivistas que soportan dichas metodologías en las tres fases de la práctica de campo (preparación previa, salida de campo y resultados). Como resultado de ello hemos advertido que la contextualización del conocimiento en un espacio geográfico definido facilita el proceso de aprendizaje. Enfatizar la experiencia para estimular el mismo es una estrategia valiosa y valorada por los/las estudiantes. También es necesaria la parte magistral para impulsar la interacción guiada que permita obtener los resultados de aprendizaje esperados en el marco del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior.
Las Tecnologías de la Información Geográfica para el análisis espacial y sociodemográfico de la población extranjera en contextos escolares de la Comunidad de Madrid
Authors: García Paredes Celeste
Published: December 2022

La presencia de la población extranjera se ha visto incrementada a lo largo de los años en España, sufriendo algunas fluctuaciones en el último periodo analizado (2008-2021), este hecho lleva consigo el incremento del alumnado extranjero en las aulas de los centros educativos. Este fenómeno ha sido más evidente en regiones más pobladas y con un mayor dinamismo económico, como es la Comunidad de Madrid. El objetivo de este trabajo es crear un SIG en la nube con cartografía digital que muestre la distribución espacial de la población extranjera y los datos sociodemográficos más relevantes de los inmigrantes de origen marroquí y chino (de habla no hispana) y colombiano (de habla hispana) de la Comunidad de Madrid. Para ello se emplearán las Tecnologías de Información Geográfica, concretamente ArcGIS Online, que ofrece la posibilidad de crear un visor cartográfico público y gratuito de fácil manejo para que sea consultado por la comunidad educativa. Permitirá mostrar las zonas educativas, municipios y secciones censales con una mayor concentración de población inmigrante, así como localizar los centros educativos. Con este recurso digital el profesorado dispondrá de una herramienta para atender las necesidades de unas aulas multiculturales y plurilingües.
Seminario en la formación docente y profesional: una forma de innovar en Educación Geográfica
Authors: Soler Osuna Diana , Pizzinato Liliana
Published: December 2022

El artículo presenta los resultados de sistematización del seminario de estudio como alternativa metodológica para abordar ejes claves y oportunidades de innovación en la educación geográfica, cuya pregunta central analiza la relación entre epistemología y educación geográfica. En este análisis se entiende el aula como un espacio de aprendizaje que desborda el salón de clase tradicional, al ser posible construir desde el debate un conocimiento de referencia. El diseño, organización, ejecución y evaluación guarda este espíritu, constituyéndose en una posibilidad innovadora en la formación interdisciplinaria de profesionales de la geografía y de la docencia en ciencias sociales.  Este ejercicio adopta como modalidad el seminario alemán con un grupo de estudiantes y docentes que participan en el Semillero de Investigación, Formación y Educación Geográfica Itinerantes del Proyecto Curricular de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas y en el Proyecto de Difusión del Programa de Geografía y acompañamiento a colegios 2016-2022 de la Universidad Externado de Colombia, ambas ubicadas en Bogotá - Colombia.
The Impact of Salps on the Antarctic Krill Population - An Individual-based Modelling Study
Authors: Pietzsch Bruno Walter , Schmidt Aaron , Gröneveld Jürgen , Bahlburg Dominik , Meyer Bettina , Berger Uta
Published: December 2022

Background Krill and salps are key macro zooplankton grazers in the Southern Ocean ecosystem but due to differing habitat requirements, there used to be only little spatial overlap of both species. With ongoing climate change-induced seawater temperature increase and regional loss of sea ice, salps are now able to extend their spatial distribution into areas that are historically krill dominated and capable to increase rapidly due to asexual reproduction when environmental conditions are favorable. It is crucial to understand potential effects on krill since krill is a species of exceptional trophic significance of the Southern Ocean food web and negative impacts on krill could trigger cascading effects on its predators and prey. To address this question, we combined two individual-based models on salp and krill, which describe the whole life cycle of salp individuals as well as the dynamic energy budget of individual krill. The resulting new model PEKRIS (PErformance of KRIll vs. Salps) is used to simulate a krill population for 100 years under varying chlorophyll a concentration in the presence or absence of salps.
Results The investigated krill population properties (dynamics of krill abundance, mean length and yearly number of released eggs) were impacted but not significant by the presence of salps. On the other hand, salp abundance was significantly reduced if krill was present. The medians of krill and salp population properties deviated when the other species was introduced by <1% (150 individuals) for krill abundance, -25% (-417,934 eggs) for krill eggs, 2% (0.49 mm) for mean length of krill and -38% (-427 individuals) for maximum seasonal salp abundance.
Conclusions While no significant impact of salp presence on the krill population was detectable, a considerable reduction for eggs released by krill prevailed. In the future, the model could serve as a tool to investigate the possible effect of a climate change related increase in water temperature and the associated physiological effects on both species and, consequently, their population trends.
Search for 22Na in novae supported by a novel method for measuring femtosecond nuclear lifetimes
Authors: Fougères Chloé , Santos Francois de Oliveira , Jose Jordi , Michelagnoli Caterina , Clément Emmanuel , Kim Yung Hee , Lemasson Antoine , Guimaraes Valdir , Barrientos Diego , Bemmerer Daniel , Benzoni Giovanna , Boston Andrew , Bottger Roman , Boulay Florent , Bracco Angela , Celikovic Igor , Cederwall Bo , Ciemala Michal , Delafosse Clement , Domingo-Pardo Cesar , Dudouet Jeremie , Eberth Jurgen , Fulop Zsolt , Gonzalez Vicente , Goupil Johan , Hess Herbert , Jungclaus Andrea , Kaşkaş Ayse , Korichi Amel , Lenzi Silvia , Leoni Silvia , Li Hongjie , Ljungvall Joa , Lopez-Martens Araceli , Menegazzo Roberto , Mengoni Daniele , Million Benedicte , Mrazek Jaromir , Napoli Daniel , Navin Alahari , Nyberg Johan , Podolyak Zsolt , Pullia Alberto , Quintana Begona , Ralet Damien , Redon Nadine , Reiter Peter , Rezynkina Kseniia , Saillant Frédéric , Salsac Marie-Delphine , Sánchez-Benítez Angel , Sanchis Enrique , Senyigit Menekse , Siciliano Marco , Smirnova Nadezda , Sohler Dorottya , stanoiu mihai , Theisen Christophe , Valiente-Dobon Jose Javier , Ujic Predrag , Zielinska Madalena
Published: December 2022

Classical novae are thermonuclear explosions in stellar binary systems, and important sources of 26Al and 22Na1-3. While γ rays from the decay of the former radioisotope have been observed through-out the Galaxy, 22Na remains untraceable. The half-life of 22Na (2.6 yr4) would allow the observation of its 1.275 MeV γ-ray line from a cosmic source. However, the prediction of such an observation requires good knowledge of the nuclear reactions involved in the production and destruction of this nucleus5. The 22Na(p, γ)23Mg5 reaction remains the only source of large uncertainty about the amount of 22Na ejected. Its rate is dominated by a single reso- nance on the short-lived state at 7785.0(7) keV in 23Mg6. In the present work, a combined analysis of particle-particle correlations and velocity-difference profiles is proposed to measure femtosecond nuclear lifetimes. The application of this novel method to the study of the 23Mg states, combining magnetic and highly-segmented tracking γ-ray spectrometers, places strong limits on the amount of 22Na produced in novae, explains its non-observation to date in γ rays (flux < 2.5×10−4 ph.cm−2s−1 7), and constrains its detectability with future space-borne observatories.
Childbirth Experience in labor–delivery–recovery–postpartum unit: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kazemi Ashraf , Beigi Marjan , Najafabadi Hajar Enteshary
Published: December 2022

Background
Women’s experiences of birth environment influence their mental health and that of their families. Identifying women’s childbirth experiences in the labor–delivery–recovery–postpartum unit (LDRP) unit, can help design a peaceful environment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate women’s childbirth experiences in the LDRP unit.
Methods
This qualitative study was conducted on 20 women with a childbirth experience in LDRP unit. A purposive sampling was performed and continued until data saturation. The data were collected through unstructured interviews and analyzed using inductive content analysis.
Results
Data analysis led to the extraction of three categories: physical security, meaning-oriented environment, and physical comfort. The physical security category was obtained from the sub-categories: privacy, bed ergonomics, and the possibility of medical interventions. The meaning-oriented environment category was extracted from the sub-categories: promising symbols of becoming a mother, peaceful environment, and spiritual environment, and the physical comfort category was extracted from the sub-categories: minimizing noise pollution, ambient lighting, and LDRP internal design.
Conclusions
The results of the study indicate that the experience of childbirth in LDRP unit is influenced by physical and emotional environmental factors. Therefore, in order to design a peaceful environment, it is necessary to take into account these factors.
Nonlinear n-order m-point Semi-positive Boundary Value Problems and Applications
Authors: Su Hua
Published: December 2022

In our paper, we consider the positive solutions to the nonlinear n-order m-point Semi-positive BVP. In this BVP equation, we allow that f can change symbol for 0 < t < 1, by using the fixed-point index theory, the existence of positive solution and many positive solutions are obtained under the condition that f is super-linear or sub-linear. MSC : 34B 16.
On a linarization of Koopmans recursion
Authors: Zdun Marek
Published: December 2022

Let X be a metric space and U : X∞ → R be a continuous function satisfying the Koopmans recursion U(x0, x1, x2, . . .) = φ(x0,U(x1, x2, . . .)), where φ : X × I → I is a continuous function and I is an interval. Denote by ⪰ a preference relation defined on the product X∞ represented by a function U : X∞ → R, called a utility function, that means (x0, x1, . . .) ⪰ (y0, y1, . . .) ⇔ U(x0, x1, . . .) ≥ U(y0, y1, . . .). We consider a problem when the preference relation ⪰ can be represented by another utility function V satisfying the affine recursion V (x0, x1, x2, . . .) =α(x0)V (x1, x2, . . .)+β(x0). Under suitable assumptions on relation ⪰ we determine the form of the functions φ defining the utility functions possessing the above property. The problem is reduced to solving a system of simultaneous functional equations. The subject is strictly connected to a problem of preference in economics. In this note we extend the results obtained in Zdun (Aequ. Math. 94 (2020)).
Nearly-Freestanding Supramolecular Assembly with Tunable Structural Properties
Authors: Caruso Tommaso , De Luca Oreste , Melfi Nicola , Policicchio Alfonso , Pisarra Michele , Godbert Nicolas , Aiello Iolinda , Giorno Eugenia , Pacilè Daniela , Moras Paolo , Martin Fernando , Rudolf Petra , Agostino Raffaele Giuseppe , Papagno Marco
Published: December 2022

The synthesis and design of two-dimensional supramolecular assemblies with specific functionalities is one of the principal goals of the emerging field of molecule-based electronics, which is relevant for many technological applications. Although a large number of molecular assemblies have been already investigated, engineering uniform and highly ordered two-dimensional molecular assemblies is still a challenge. Here we report on a novel approach to prepare highly crystalline molecular assemblies with tunable structural properties. We make use of the high-reactivity of the carboxylic acid functional moiety and of the predictable structural features of non-polar alkane chains to synthesize 2D supramolecular assemblies of 4-(decyloxy)benzoic acid (4DBA;C17H26O3) on a Au(111) surface. By means of scanning tunneling microscopy, density functional theory calculations and photoemission spectroscopy, we demonstrate that these molecules form a self-limited highly ordered and defect-free two-dimensional single-layer film of micrometer-size, which exhibits a nearly-freestanding character. We prove that by changing the length of the alkoxy chain it is possible to modify in a controlled way the molecular density of the “floating” overlayer without affecting the molecular assembly. This system is especially suitable for engineering molecular assemblies because it represents one of the few 2D molecular arrays with specific functionality where the structural properties can be tuned in a controlled way, while preserving the molecular pattern.
Few shot learning with fine-tuned language model for suicidal text detection
Authors: Varma Sandeep , Shivam Shivam , Ray Biswarup , Banerjee Ankita
Published: December 2022

The most effective way to prevent potential suicide attempts is early identification followed by prompt treatment. Nowadays, online communication channels especially social media is becoming a way of expressing suicidal tendencies. However, the availability of properly tagged textual data is a major issue for researchers to perform identification or classification of such tendencies through texts. In light of the abovementioned facts, in the present work, we have proposed an approach to determine early detection with the goal of early diagnosis of suicidal behaviour through text posted on social media via supervised learning using few shot learning process. Therefore, to detect suicidal behaviour, we extract embeddings by finetuning a large pre-trained language model. The contextual embeddings have then been used for binary classification of the text for suicidal behaviour, in which a comparison of various classifiers has been performed. This includes traditional supervised classifiers and neural network models. A comparison of the model’s performance with and without an outlier detection and removal step has also been performed to highlight the importance of the outlier detection step in the pipeline. The feasibility and practicality of the approach have been demonstrated by generating results for user-generated content scraped from Reddit platform posts made on subreddits ‘SuicideWatch’ and ‘depression’. The results generated by the model are also seen to outperform various state-of-the-art models.
Urban functional spatial structure from the perspective of prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases Optimization research
Authors: Tan deming , Jiang Na , Zhang Caiping
Published: December 2022

Respiratory infectious diseases have seriously harmed people's daily lives. The analysis of urban functional spatial structure from the perspective of prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases has practical significance for optimizing the urban functional spatial structure and slowing down the spread of infectious diseases. In this study, kernel density, random forest, geographic weighted spatial analysis, and other methods were used to investigate the spatial relationship between the urban functional spatial structure constructed from multi-source data and confirmed tuberculosis cases. A summary of the main driving factors and the heterogeneous influence of patient gender was provided. Results showed that: (1) the infection risk of confirmed cases in the urban central area was highest and relatively concentrated; (2) the main functional area characteristics that led to the cluster of patients were commercial services (0.4217, 0.2693, 0.3647), and shopping services were the first driving factor of infection risk; (3) In the stratified analysis, the spatial distribution of male patients was greater than that of female patients. Compared to the overall analysis of patients, the spatial correlation between male patients and park green space was the most significant over three years.There is an increasing spatial correlation between public management and the influence location of each functional area. Because of the similarities in spatial transmission and pathology between tuberculosis and COVID-19, this study provides a scientific basis and methodological reference for the scientific prevention and control and precise policy implementation of COVID-19.
Passive segregation and multi-scale space-use adjustments to socio-ecological variables in western gorillas
Authors: Robira Benjamin , Benhamou Simon , Breuer Thomas , Fuh Terence , Bayanga Erlich Obeki , Miglietta Silvia , Sotto-Mayor Andréa , Bardino Giulia , Cipolletta Chloé , Todd Angelique , Masi Shelly
Published: December 2022

Understanding what are the proximate mechanisms shaping species’ space-use dynamics, and at which scale, can provide insights into species socio-ecology. This is crucial information for both applied (e.g., conservation) and theoretical questions (e.g. individuals’ coexistence/segregation). Yet, longitudinal views of the space-use dynamics of animal species are generally lacking. Taking advantage of an unprecedented long-term data set (up to 8 years) on ranging patterns of wild western gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), we investigated the dynamics of home ranges in relation to socio-ecological variables in five habituated groups in Central Africa. First, we looked at the scale at which their ranging movements are stationary. Second, we studied how space use is shaped by (i) foraging and intra-group constraints (e.g., diet, group size, presence of offspring) by focusing on group daily path lengths, and by (ii) inter-group competition (direct or indirect), by quantifying static and dynamic interactions in neighbouring group-dyads. We found that gorilla groups shifted the barycenter of their home range 0.17 per year by a distance larger than the mean home range radius. Movements within the home range were highly dependent on an ecological factor (seasonal diet) and on the group composition, particularly on the presence of dependent infants. Repeatedly visited sites were also used the longest, but their locations differed seasonally, suggesting use of mnesic abilities for foraging. There was little overlap between the home ranges of neighbouring groups that did not tend to move away from each other more than expected at random. Groups also ventured into, and slept in, the central part of the home range of a neighbouring group. Overall, this highlights the absence of territoriality and suggests that spatial segregation should be the simple consequence of avoidance of depleted areas. This study shows how social and ecological constraints may shape space-use patterns at different scales in a non-territorial species. It also raises questions on the cognitive mechanisms underlying high foraging efficiency in environments shared with competitors.
A complete conformational study of N-formyl-D-serine-D-alanine-NH2 dipeptide
Authors: Chahkandi Behzad , Chahkandi Mohammad
Published: December 2022

The conformational analysis of N-formyl-D-serine-D-alanine-NH2 dipeptide was comprehensively studied using the density functional theory methods in the gas and solution phases. The all-expected 35=243 stable conformers were explored, where 91 conformers were located, and the rest of them were migrated to the more stable geometries. Migration pattern suggests the more stable dipeptide model with the serine in βL, γD, γL and the alanine in γL and γD configurations. The investigation of side-chain–backbone interactions revealed that the most stable conformer, γD–γL, is in the β − turn region of the Ramachandran map; therefore, serine-alanine dipeptide model should be adopted with a β − turn conformation. QTAM consideration of the intramolecular hydrogen bonding in β-turns disclosed the highest stable conformer as γD–γL includes the three hydrogen bonds. The computed UV-Vis spectrum alongside of NBO calculation showed and explained the five main electronic transition bands derived of n→ n* of intra-ligand alanine moiety of dipeptide structure.
Political trust in the handling of the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey in Denmark and Sweden
Authors: Nilsen Per , Karlsson Elin , Seing Ida , Kallemose Thomas , Stefánsdóttir Nina Thórný , Vrangbaek Karsten , Andersen Ove , Kirk Jeanette Wassar
Published: December 2022

Background
The initial responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark and Sweden differed markedly. Balancing disparate concerns was crucial to generate trust in the COVID-19 restrictions. Political trust is public support for core political institutions. The aim was to investigate the extent to which there was trust in the handling of the pandemic by the Danish and Swedish governments and trust in the handling of the pandemic by the leading public health authorities in each country. A further aim was also to investigate the characteristics of those in Denmark and Sweden who expressed the lowest degree of trust.
Methods
Cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 2021, using web panels that are nationally representative of the socio-demographic characteristics. The population consisted of 2619 individuals from Denmark and 2633 from Sweden, representative of the age, sex and region of residence of the populations aged ≥ 18 years. Trust was captured in two questions: trust in how the government and the public health authority in each country had handled the pandemic. Responses on the two trust items were on a five-point Likert scale. Those who expressed “very small trust” or “moderately small trust” were labelled “low trusters”.
Results
Approximately 61% of the Danish respondents expressed moderately large or very large trust in the government’s handling of the pandemic. The corresponding proportion for Sweden was 42%. The proportion of low trusters was 11% in Denmark and 34% in Sweden. Moderately large or very large trust in the public health authority’s handling was expressed by 83% of the Danish respondents and 74% of the Swedes. The proportion of low trusters was 5% in Denmark and 17% in Sweden. In both countries, trust was lower among men than among women and among those aged < 65 years compared with those > 65 years.
Conclusions
Danes expressed significantly higher trust in their government’s handling of the pandemic than Swedes. In both countries, trust in the public health authority’s handling of the pandemic was higher than that for the government’s handling. Several socio-demographic characteristics were associated with lower trust in handling the pandemic by the government and public health authority.
Household’s energy conservation and efficiency awareness practices in the Cape Coast Metropolis of Ghana
Authors: Baidoo Abigail Nana Ama , Abrefa-Danquah Jones , Nunoo Edward Kweku , Mariwah Simon , Boampong Georgina , Amankwah Emmanuel , Nyametso Johnnie
Published: December 2022

This paper assessed energy conservation and efficiency awareness practices of households in the Cape Coast Metropolis of Ghana. It examined the level and variability in energy conservation practices and the level of energy-savings awareness education among households. The findings reveal that years spent in school by household heads, income levels, expenditure, age of households, and the number of times electricity power triples off daily were among the key factors influencing an individual’s choice of energy-efficient appliances. There was significant variability between existing social strata in terms of income and use of electrical appliances among households. Based on the findings, this study recommends a robust energy literacy program to improve households’ energy efficiency practices awareness, and in order to ensure energy cost savings, environmental protection, and climate change mitigation that will enhance the drive towards achieving sustainable development goals seven (SDG 7).
Low social-support and trouble paying for basic needs during pregnancy are associated with increased risk of autism spectrum disorder in offspring at 3-years: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Seebeck Jyssica , Sznajder Kristen K. , Kjerulff Kristen H.
Published: December 2022

Purpose
Few studies of risk factors for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been prospective in design or investigated the role of psychosocial factors measured during pregnancy. We aimed to investigate associations between prenatal psychosocial factors - including stress, social-support, depression, and trouble paying for basic needs - and risk of ASD in offspring, as part of a multicenter prospective cohort study of more than 2,000 mother-child pairs.
Methods
Nulliparous women aged 18–35 years, living in Pennsylvania, USA, were interviewed during pregnancy and multiple times postpartum over the course of a 3-year period. There were 2,388 participants who completed the Screen for Social Interaction Toddler Version (SSI-T), a measure of risk of ASD, when their child was 36 months old. We investigated the association between a variety of adverse psychosocial factors experienced during pregnancy and risk of ASD in offspring at the age of 3-years, controlling for relevant confounding variables.
Results
There were 102 children (4.3%) who scored as at risk of ASD at 3-years. Based on multivariable logistic regression, prenatal psychosocial factors that were significantly associated with risk of ASD were low social-support and trouble paying for basic needs. Other factors associated with risk of ASD were low maternal education, maternal use of antibiotics and antidepressants during pregnancy, and having a male child. None of the pregnancy or delivery complications were associated with risk of ASD.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that maternal experience of adverse psychosocial factors during pregnancy may be important intrauterine exposures related to the pathogenesis of ASD.
Forecasting Financial Market Structure from Network Features using Machine Learning
Authors: Castilho Douglas , Souza Thársis , Kang Soong Moon , Gama João , Carvalho André Carlos
Published: December 2022

We propose a model that forecasts market correlation structure from link- and node-based financial network features using machine learning. For such, market structure is modeled as a dynamic asset network by quantifying time-dependent co-movement of asset price returns across company constituents of major global market indices. We provide empirical evidence using three different network filtering methods to estimate market structure, namely Dynamic Asset Graph (DAG), Dynamic Minimal Spanning Tree (DMST) and Dynamic Threshold Networks (DTN). Experimental results show that the proposed model can forecast market structure with high predictive performance with up to $40\%$ improvement over a time-invariant correlation-based benchmark. Non pair-wise correlation features showed to be important compared to traditionally used pair-wise correlation measures for all markets studied, particularly in the long-term forecasting of stock market structure. Evidence is provided for stock constituents of the DAX30, EUROSTOXX50, FTSE100, HANGSENG50, NASDAQ100 and NIFTY50 market indices. Findings can be useful to improve portfolio selection and risk management methods, which commonly rely on a backward-looking covariance matrix to estimate portfolio risk.
Anatomy Outreach Through the World Anatomy Day Celebration in Universiti Sains Malaysia
Authors:   Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Simok Anna Alicia , Hadie Siti Nurma Hanim ,   Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Mohd Ismail Zul Izhar ,   Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Asari Mohd Asnizam ,   Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Kasim Fazlina ,   Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Mohd Yusof Nurul Aiman ,   Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Shamsuddin Shamsi Amalina ,   Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Mohd Amin Mohamad Syabil Ikhwan ,   Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Mukhtar Siti Fatimah ,   Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
Published: December 2022

Anatomy literacy among the medical community and general public appears to be declining, so the demand to create awareness of the importance of anatomy knowledge is increasing. The World Anatomy Day (WAD) celebration was launched in 2019 to acknowledge and advertise the importance of anatomy knowledge in the medical field. The Department of Anatomy in the School of Medical Sciences at Universiti Sains Malaysia took the initiative by organising WAD events before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prior to the COVID-19 restrictions, WAD had been celebrated as a live event by the lecturers and students who were gathered at the Anatomy Museum. During the pandemic, however, the event was hosted via an online platform. This commentary describes the benefits and challenges of this outreach for the stakeholders of anatomy education and the implications of the WAD celebration on anatomical sciences education.
Gastrulation and Body Axes Formation: A Molecular Concept and Its Clinical Correlates
Authors:   Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Abas Razif ,   Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands, Masrudin Siti Saleha ,   Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Harun Ahmad Mukifza ,   Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia, Omar Noorkardiffa Syawalina ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Published: December 2022

During the third week of human pregnancy, an embryo transforms from two germinal disc layers of hypoblast and epiblast to three germinal layers of endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm. Gastrulation is a complex process that includes cellular mobility, morphogenesis and cell signalling, as well as chemical morphogenic gradients, transcription factors and differential gene expression. During gastrulation, many signalling channels coordinate individual cell actions in precise time and location. These channels control cell proliferation, shape, fate and migration to the correct sites. Subsequently, the anteroposterior (AP), dorsoventral (DV) and left-right (LR) body axes are formed before and during gastrulation via these signalling regulation signals. Hence, the anomalies in gastrulation caused by insults to certain molecular pathways manifest as a wide range of body axes-related disorders. This article outlines the formation of body axes during gastrulation and the anomalies as well as the clinical implications.
Accelerated Senescence and Apoptosis in the Rat Liver during the Progression of Diabetic Complications
Authors:   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Yuniartha Ratih , Arfian Nur ,   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Setyaningsih Wiwit Ananda Wahyu ,   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Kencana Sagita Mega Sekar ,   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Sari Dwi Cahyani Ratna ,   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: December 2022

Background: Chronic hyperglycaemia of diabetes causes long-term damage and impaired function of multiple organs. However, the pathological changes in the liver following long-term diabetes remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the pathological complications of long- term diabetes in the rat liver. Methods: Intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce diabetes in rats at a single dose (60 mg/kg body weight [BW]). Rats were euthanised at 1 month (DM1 group), 2 months (DM2 group) and 4 months (DM4 group) following diabetes induction with six rats in each group. Immunohistochemistry was performed against SOD1, CD68, p53 and p16 antibodies. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of SOD1, SOD2, GPx, CD68, p53, p21 and caspase-3 genes were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results: Hepatic p53 mRNA expression was significantly higher in DM1, DM2 and DM4 groups compared to the control group. The p21 and caspase-3 mRNA expressions were significantly upregulated in the DM2 and DM4 groups. The p16-positive cells were obviously increased, particularly in the DM4 group. Bivariate correlation analysis showed mRNA expressions of p21 and caspase-3 genes were positively correlated with the p53 gene. Conclusion: Diabetic rats exhibited increased apoptosis and senescence in the liver following a longer period of hyperglycaemia.
Algunos alcances sobre la constitucionalización del Derecho
Authors: Espinoza Ariza Jelmut
Published: December 2022

El presente trabajo desarrolla algunos alcances sobre el denominado Constitucionalismo, el mismo que es entendido como una teoría del Derecho que supera el paradigma del positivismo clásico, en el sentido que no sólo se preocupa por seguir el procedimiento establecido de producción de normas jurídicas (aspecto formal), sino también de su contenido, el mismo que se encuentra regulado por principios y valores vinculantes de carácter moral (aspecto material). El objetivo de la  investigación es poner de relieve las principales características que presenta el Constitucionalismo, como 1) el de su rigidez para producir reformas a su texto, lo que permite asegurar la perdurabilidad del mismo, así como la supremacía del texto constitucional sobre otras normas; 2) basarse en la unidad de la razón práctica, al admitir que existe un vínculo entre el Derecho y la moral; y 3) el reconocer la distinción entre reglas y principios, y que sobre estos últimos se realiza un juicio de ponderación ante una eventual colisión de derechos. Asimismo, poner en evidencia la forma cómo se ha desarrollado el denominado control de convencionalidad en el sistema interamericano de derechos humanos.
Límites entre el Derecho Penal y el Derecho Administrativo sancionador: El principio de ne bis in idem y su aplicación en actos de corrupción cometidos por funcionarios públicos*
Authors: Quispe Meza Daniel Simón
Published: December 2022

El principio ne bis in idem se constituye en un límite para el ejercicio del ius puniendi estatal en tanto que se prohíbe que una persona por el mismo hecho y fundamento sea procesada o sancionada dos o más veces. Pese a su reconocimiento convencional y constitucional es posible advertir que no existe consenso con relación a cómo aplicar adecuadamente este principio, principalmente, al momento de determinar la identidad de fundamento cuando un funcionario público es sancionado en el fuero penal o administrativo sancionador por actos de corrupción. Esta situación no solo genera inseguridad jurídica, sino también trasgrede la obligación internacional del Estado peruano de tener herramientas jurídico penales y administrativas adecuadas y eficaces para combatir actos de corrupción. Considerando lo anterior, la finalidad de este artículo es ingresar a la problemática advertida y desarrollar las principales posturas que se desarrollan para determinar si el fuero penal y administrativo sancionador comparten o no un mismo fundamento de sanción. Una vez desarrollado lo anterior, se asume una postura que garantiza una adecuada aplicación del principio ne bis in ídem en casos de corrupción de funcionarios con la finalidad de que se constituya en una herramienta jurídica eficaz para combatir actos de corrupción y, a su vez, garantice la seguridad jurídica propia de un Estado Constitucional de Derecho.
Los mecanismos de solución de controversias en seguros en el Perú
Authors: Torres Gamero Rolando J.
Published: December 2022

El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad reconocer e identificar los mecanismos que le permitan a los asegurados recurrir cuando la empresa aseguradora le niega cobertura en caso de un siniestro que, a su criterio, fue rechazado indebida o injustamente. Así, la propia normatividad vigente le permite al asegurado optar por recurrir a medios dentro de la propia compañía de seguros como los que crea la Asociación de Aseguradoras y los que el Estado administrativamente y/o judicialmente establece, sea INDECOPI como la SBS, SUSALUD o el propio Poder Judicial y hasta el Tribunal Constitucional acoge conforme a sus atribuciones, siendo todos estos materia de revisión y análisis somero cuyas conclusiones y sugerencias esperamos aporten a su mejor aplicación.
Teoría del Caso Penal y teoría del Caso Teatral
Authors: Momethiano Santiago Javier Ysrael , Ramos García Fernando , Ambrosio Bejarano Hugo Ramiro
Published: December 2022

Realizar las actuaciones orales en el proceso penal o en una obra teatral, determina que el juzgador o público, le crea su versión de hechos o historia, calificación jurídica o guion, y aporte probatorio o trama. En tal sentido, todo se convierte en acción en la Sala de audiencia o en el teatro; es así que el lema es una síntesis de la acción general (petitorio definitivo en el alegato de cierre), que se diferencia del lema tentativo, aunque este último contiene el conflicto sucedido en base a la etapa intermedia, y teniendo como antecedente a la etapa de investigación preparatoria (petitorio tentativo en el alegato inicial). Es así que el tinterillo o teatrero aparecerá, cuando no tiene lema, así como cuando no reconoce su expresión corporal cotidiana y su expresión corporal artística, que determina el proceso, el resultado y la traducción del resultado.
Los audios como medios de prueba en la corrupción del Poder Judicial del Callao, 2018
Authors: Calla Colana Godofredo Jorge
Published: December 2022

El propósito de esta investigación es analizar el rol que han jugado los audios como medios de prueba en los casos de corrupción del Poder Judicial del Callao, durante 2018. Tiene un enfoque cualitativo porque trata de ampliar el conocimiento teórico del problema planteado, su tipo de investigación es básica pues llena un vacío teórico, su método es inductivo fenomenológico, su diseño es teoría fundamentada y su nivel es descriptivo. Se hizo una entrevista a cinco Fiscales anticorrupción llegándose, entre otras, a la siguiente conclusión: Los audios como medios de prueba sí han jugado un rol importante ya que, debido a ellos, la opinión pública sabe ahora hasta qué punto los magistrados, sean abogados, jueces, ficales, e incluso los políticos, están presuntamente comprometidos con la corrupción. Para estos, política es sacar provecho personal o grupal, no existe el interés social colectivo.
Grupos de WhatsApp como recurso educativo: Percepción de padres de familias
Authors: Bedia Singona María Mercedes , Alvites-Huamaní Cleofé Genoveva
Published: December 2022

El presente estudio analiza el uso de grupos de WhatsApp y la satisfacción del grupo de padres como una herramienta que se ha convertido en el recurso educativo más utilizado en las escuelas, para la recepción y el envío de las tareas desarrolladas por los estudiantes, siendo un medio disponible al alcance de las familias. El estudio es cuantitativo descriptivo-correlacional, la población fue de 604 padres de familia, con una muestra probabilística por muestreo aleatorio simple (n=231) del 1° al 6° grado de primaria de una institución educativa pública de diversas zonas de Cusco, Perú; la edad estuvo comprendida entre 20 y 59 años. Para la recolección de datos del WhatsApp se aplicaron dos cuestionarios que fueron adaptados para la población de la zona, con preguntas de escala de Likert que recogieron información del uso y la satisfacción del grupo de WhatsApp incluyendo aspectos sociodemográfios. El estudio reveló resultados relevantes en el nivel de utilización global de los grupos de WhatsApp al ubicarse en medio y alto al confimar que esta red social ha sido utilizada por las familias en escenarios educativos inclusive sin conectividad continua. Asimismo, se encontró que la edad es una característica sociodemográfia determinante en el nivel de uso, satisfacción y uso global de grupos de WhatsApp por los padres de familia, siendo los más jóvenes quienes tienen una mayor preponderancia.
Clinical and pharmacoeconomic aspects of the use of prolonged colony-stimulating factors
Authors: Rumyantsev A. A.
Published: December 2022

Febrile neutropenia is one of the frequent complications of systemic antitumor therapy, characterized by high rates of patient mortality, mortality is particularly high in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease, renal disease, as well as in the presence of anemia. In addition, the development of febrile neutropenia is associated with a decrease in the dose intensity of chemotherapy, which also has an adverse effect on the long-term results of treatment of patients with a number of malignant tumors. This dictates the need for widespread use of preventive measures aimed at minimizing the risk of FN in cancer patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy. Numerous studies have shown that prophylactic use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factors can significantly reduce the duration of profound neutropenia, the incidence of FN and - most importantly - related mortality. This article is devoted to a review of modern approaches to the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF) in the context of the current system of cancer care financing - clinical and statistical groups (CSGs) on the territory of the Russian Federation. Various aspects of the use of drugs of this class to prevent febrile neutropenia in the context of its primary and secondary prevention, the rules of G-CSF use, current data on the effectiveness and feasibility of use in different clinical scenarios are considered in detail. The advantages of modern long-acting dosage forms of G-CSF and their place in modern clinical practice are considered.
Second line drug therapy for biliary cancer
Authors: Savchenko I. V. , Breder V. V. , Stilidi I. S. , Laktionov K. K. , Kudashkin N. E. , Egorova A. V. , Chulkova S. V.
Published: December 2022

Biliary cancer is a group of tumors that develop from the epithelium of the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts (cholangiocarcino-ma), as well as the gallbladder. For 10 years, chemotherapy based on a combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin has remained the standard of first-line therapy in patients with locally advanced or metastatic biliary cancer, resulting in a median overall survival of 11.7 months. With the progression of the disease on the first line, effective options did not previously exist. Attempts to use various chemotherapeutic regimens, both in monotherapy and in combination, have not been successful. In order not to leave the patient without treatment, fluoropyrimidines, their combinations with oxaliplatin or irinotecan, are empirically prescribed as follow-up therapy. In recent years, different subtypes of biliary tract cancer have been defined depending on the anatomical location and genetic and/or epigenetic aberrations. Especially for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma novel therapeutic targets have been identified, including fibroblast growth factor receptor gene fusions 2 (FGFR2) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 mutations (IDH1/2), with molecularly targeted agents having shown evidence of activity in this subgroup of patients. Additionally, other pathways are being evaluated in both intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and other subtypes of biliary tract cancer, alongside targeting of the immune microenvironment. The growing knowledge of biliary tract cancer biology and molecular heterogeneity has paved the way for the development of new therapeutic approaches that will completely change the treatment paradigm for this disease in the near future. In this review, we review recently published data on the use of second-line therapy after progression with standard first-line therapy in patients with biliary cancer.
Role of ribociclib in treatment of luminal Her-2-negative mBC with CNS metastases
Authors: Grechukhina K. S. , Vorontsova K. A. , Filonenko D. A. , Tyutyunnik P. S. , Shchadrova V. V. , Glebovskaya V. V. , Zhukova L. G.
Published: December 2022

For patients with the metastatic subtype of luminal HER-2-negative (HR+/HER2-) breast cancer (mBC) in the absence of visceral crisis, the gold standard of treatment is a combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors and aromatase inhibitors, regardless of their menopausal status and the sites of metastasis. The effectiveness of this approach was confirmed in the MONARCH, PALOMA, MONALEESA study cycles for the drugs abemaciclib, palbociclib and ribociclib, respectively. Metastasis in the central nervous system (CNS) in breast cancer complicates the treatment of patients and leads to the search for new approaches to the choice of therapy. To date, neurosurgical and radiosurgical techniques are actively used, however, drug therapy still stands for the leading positions. Data on the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors or aromatase inhibitors in patients with CNS metastases are limited. Most studies did not include patients with CNS metastases, only PALOMA-2,3 and MONALEESA-3 studies allowed the inclusion of patients with either “inactive” CNS metastases or after exposure to local treatment methods (for example, radiosurgery, radiotherapy, or surgery). In the study of real clinical practice of combined endocrine therapy with ribociclib (CompLEEment-1) allowed the inclusion of patients with active brain metastases (n = 51), while the subgroup analysis demonstrated the benefits of using a combination of ribociclib and aromatase inhibitors in patients in this difficult clinical situation. In the article, the authors review the available data from randomized clinical trials and real clinical practice, and also illustrate with their own observation.