bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Functional Constipation in Clinical Practice: The Continuous Search for the Light at the End of the Tunnel
Authors: Machado Nilton Carlos , Dias Juliana Tedesco , Hercos Gabriela Nascimento , Weber Thabata Koester , de Assis Carvalho Mary
Published: December 2023

Functional constipation (FC) has a pooled world prevalence of 9.5%, a clear definition by Rome IV Criteria, and the NAPGHAN/ESPGHAN guidelines recommendation for management. With well-defined parameters, this commentary discusses the paths followed by the literature to implement different therapeutic modalities over time. The text will prioritize information based on systematic reviews, meta-analyses, or reviews. Recently, an Editorial exploring gastrointestinal diseases across the Lifespan linked constipation as a “vexing issue that, unfortunately, has the potential to impair Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL).” Indeed, The Rome Foundation recommended that HRQOL scores may assist in diagnosis, management, prognosis, and therapeutic decisions. Therefore, it can be helpful for clinicians, psychologists, and researchers and could be used to support health services that want to implement an HRQOL program. The final idea is to propose HRQOL as a secondary outcome for Pediatric FC monitoring this disorder.
Aritmética Modular y Aplicaciones
Authors: Castilla Elena , Chocano Pedro
Published: December 2023

En este art´ıculo hacemos una introducci´on a la aritm´etica modular. Para ello empezamos repasando cuestiones b´asicascomo la divisibilidad y el m´aximo com´un divisor, as´ı como la identidad de B´ezout. Explicamos los conceptos m´asimportantes de aritm´etica modular y de aritm´etica en Zm. Finalmente, damos algunos sencillos ejemplos de aplicacionesde la aritm´etica modular en diferentes campos, como el ´algebra, la criptograf´ıa o la simulaci´on estad´ıstica.
SELF-EFFICACY AND SELF-REGULATED LEARNING AMONG UNDERGRADUATE IN LEARNING ARABIC AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE VIA ONLINE
Authors: OMAR Suhaida , HUSSEIN Nur Hafezah , HANAPI Nurul Fatihah , ABDULLAH Yasmin See , MOHD NOOR Asma Lailee , Siti Bahirah
Published: December 2023

As online learning becomes a major development in the recent years and escalates due the COVID-19 pandemic, it helps to have a high self-efficacy and self-regulated learning (SRL) to succeed in such learning context. This study explored the undergraduates’ levels of self-efficacy and SRL, and provides a comparative analysis of these variables while learning Arabic as a Foreign language via online. The data was collected from 77 undergraduates in a public university in Malaysia through an online survey. The findings showed that both self-efficacy and SRL mean scores were high, and that there was a statistically strong positive relationship between SE and SRL. Students appeared to adapt to online learning by managing their time, organising their schedule, interacting with classmates and instructors, and selecting the best spot to maximise their online learning experience. It is therefore important for lecturers or language instructors to create an interesting and inspiring lesson plans in an online environment so that they experience satisfaction inside and outside of learning simultaneously facilitate them for their success in language learning.
Hubungan Karakteritik, Sumber Informasi dan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Persepsi Penerimaan Vaksinasi COVID-19 pada Mahasiswa
Authors: Sariana Erna , Rosidawati Rosidawati
Published: December 2023

Salah satu usaha menangani pandemi COVID-19 yaitu melalui vaksinasi COVID-19. Persepsi baik dari masyarakat terhadap penerimaan vaksin berkontribusi terhadap capaian vaksinasi. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui hubungan karakteristik, sumber informasi, dan dukungan keluarga dengan persepsi penerimaan vaksinasi COVID-19 pada mahasiswa. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 67 mahasiswa tingkat I s.d. III Prodi DIV Fisioterapi Poltekkes Kemenkes Jakarta III. Analisis data secara univariat, bivariat (uji chi-square), dan multivariat (uji regresi logistik). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar persepsi penerimaan vaksin adalah baik (50,8%), berumur <21 tahun (76,9%), perempuan (87,7%), jenjang semester rendah (78,5%), adanya riwayat terkena COVID-19 dalam keluarga (53,8%), sumber informasi baik (50,8%), dan dukungan keluarga yang kurang (50,8%). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara persepsi penerimaan vaksinasi COVID-19 dengan umur (p = 0,022 dan OR = 5,524), riwayat COVID-19 dalam keluarga (p = 0,004 dan OR = 5,091), sumber informasi (p = 0,004 dan OR = 5,060), dan dukungan keluarga (p = 0,0001 dan OR = 8,000). Sumber informasi (OR = 15,340) merupakan variabel yang paling berpengaruh. Sumber informasi, seperti media massa, teman, maupun masyarakat, dapat mempengaruhi proses belajar seseorang yang dapat menghasilkan pengetahuan, sehingga pada akhirnya dapat mempengaruhi persepsi dan perilakunya.
Komunikasi End of Life dengan Penyusunan Dokumen Wasiat Hidup: Qualitative Evidence Synthesis
Authors: Wahyuni Jathu Dwi , Yetti Krisna , Gayatri Dewi , Rachmawati Imami Nur , Meidiawati Ati Surya
Published: December 2023

Komunikasi end of life (EoL) dilakukan pada saat kondisi pasien paliatif dan terdokumentasi dalam dokumen wasiat hidup/advance directives (ADs) yang berisi preferensi atau pilihan perawatan yang diinginkan pasien. ADs merupakan dokumen yang sangat penting bagi pasien, keluarga dan tenaga kesehatan tetapi belum diaplikasikan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan tahapan dalam penyusunan ADs dengan desain penelitan qualitative evidence synthesis. Sumber data menggunakan beberapa database yaitu Sage Journals, ProQuest, Scopus, Taylor & Francis, ScienceDirect, dan ClinicalKey Nursing dalam rentang waktu 2003-2023. Seleksi artikel berdasarkan kategori metode kualitatif tentang komunikasi EoL dan penyusunan ADs. Hasil pencarian mendapatkan 6 artikel dari 38.185 artikel. Artikel-artikel tersebut berisi tahapan dalam menyusun ADs yang diawali dengan inisiasi pasien atau tenaga kesehatan, pemberian penjelasan tentang ADs dan perjalanan penyakit pasien, diskusi atau komunikasi EoL antara keluarga dan tenaga kesehatan, peninjauan ulang keputusan dalam ADs sesuai kondisi pasien, dan pembuatan ADs sesuai peraturan setempat. Peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa dokumen ADs sebagai hasil dari komunikasi EoL sebaiknya dibuat oleh tenaga kesehatan dan pasien. Dokumen ADs penting bagi pasien, keluarga dan tenaga kesehatan dan dapat membantu pasien menjadi lebih tenang menghadapi perawatan lanjutan dan perawatan akhir hayat.
Active Cycle of Breathing Technique pada Pasien Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik: Analisis Penerapan Evidence-Based Nursing Practice
Authors: Apriani Nuni , Rayasari Fitrian , Anggraini Dewi , Atun Sri
Published: December 2023

Kondisi eksaserbasi akut pada penyakit paru obstruktif kronik (PPOK) ditandai dengan peningkatan produksi serta penumpukan mukus yang memperberat gejala klinis. Salah satu intervensi yang diketahui efektif dalam mengatasi masalah bersihan jalan nafas adalah active cycle of breathing technique. Tujuan penerapan evidence-based nursing practice ini adalah mengetahui efektivitas active cycle of breathing technique terhadap produksi sputum pada pasien PPOK. Pencarian bukti dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis PICO (problem, intervention, comparison, and outcome). 18 pasien PPOK rawat inap dan rawat jalan dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dan diberikan intervensi. Pengkukuran produksi sputum dilakukan sebelum dan setelah intervensi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan Wilcoxon dengan nilai p 0,014 yang menunjukkan adanya perbedaan jumlah produksi sputum sebelum dan setelah intervensi. Peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa active cycle of breathing technique merupakan intervensi yang efektif dalam mengatasi masalah bersihan jalan nafas pada pasien PPOK.
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PENENTUAN DOSEN BERPRESTASI MENGGUNAKAN METODE SIMPLE ADDATIVE WEIGHTING (STUDI KASUS FMIPA UHO)
Authors: Rial Muhammad , Saidi Laode , Surimi La , Hamundu Ferdinand Murni
Published: December 2023

ABSTRAK

Pegawai adalah seseorang yang diberikan pekerjaan oleh orang yang memberikan pekerjaan kepadanya berdasarkan ketentuan yang sudah disepakati, untuk diangkat sebagai Pegawai ASN secara tetap oleh pejabat pembina kepegawaian untuk menduduki jabatan pemerintahan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan sistem pendukung keputusan menggunakan metode Simple Additive Weighting yang dapat membantu penyeleksi dalam menentukan pegawai berprestasi.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Simple Additive Weighting. Metode ini dapat menentukan nilai bobot untuk setiap kriteria, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan proses perankingan yang akan menyeleksi alternatif terbaik dari sejumlah alternatif sehingga penentuan dosen berprestasi dapat dilakukan secara objektif dengan nilai akhir yang tertinggi yang direkomendasikan untuk mendapatkan predikat pegawai berprestasi.

Dari hasil pengujian kinerja sistem menyatakan bahwa sistem mampu memberikan perankingan pegawai berprestasi dengan baik sesuai dengan kriteria yang digunakan. Fungsi penelitian ini adalah sistem yang dapat membantu user dalam mengolah data pegawai, menyeleksi pegawai, mempercepat proses penyeleksian serta mempermudah dalam menentukan pegawai berprestasi. Metode SAW yang diterapkan dalam sistem dapat digunakan untuk menentukan pegawai berprestasi dengan model perankingan yang sesuai dengan kriteria yang berlaku kemudian pengujian dengan menggunakan Black-box memberikan dokumentasi hasil pengujian yang menginformasikan kesesuaian sistem yang diuji dan dilanjutkan dengan perhitungan pengujian Confusion Matrix diperoleh tingkat akurasi sebesar 89%
Work-Related Stress and Uncertainty Amid Change: Can Workplace Coaching Make a Difference?
Authors: Ebrahimi Zacharia
Published: December 2023

Work-relates stress, job insecurity and uncertain career future are each detrimental to employee performance, productivity, behaviour, job satisfaction, and wellbeing. The literature provides evidence suggesting a relationship between organisational change and work-related stress. Whilst most existing research focus on positive aspects or negative consequences of change and restructure, this article goes further seeking to understand whether or not workplace coaching is perceived as helpful to reduce work-related stress in the face of change and uncertainty. Data were initially collected, as part of a larger study, in three sequential phases from Australian rail organisations. The results relevant to the current article are a subset of results from the larger study. Results had previously suggested that workplace coaching contributed towards positive behavioural shifts and increased employee motivation in the face of change. A subset of quantitative results reported in this paper provides further evidence suggesting that workplace coaching, possibly in both internal and external forms, is perceived to have the potential to contribute to the reduction of work-related stress in the face of change and restructure, and their accompanying uncertainty.
Sistem Informasi Manajemen Keuangan Berbasis Web Menggunakan Framework Laravel (Studi Kasus: Toko Bangunan Tiga "D" Jaya)
Authors: Pratiwi Alfina Dhona , Heriadi Agustono
Published: December 2023

Toko bangunan Tiga “D” Jaya merupakan salah satu toko bangunan di Kota Kediri. Sistem manajemen keuangan yang digunakan oleh Toko Bangunan Tiga “D” Jaya saat ini masih manual yaitu dengan menggunakan media kalkulator sebagai alat bantu untuk menghitung dan kertas yang ditulis manual sebagai media untuk bukti pembayaran. Selain itu, toko bangunan Tiga “D” Jaya tidak memiliki pembukuan keuangan dan pembukuan stok barang. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Manajemen Keuangan Berbasis Web Menggunakan Framework Laravel (Studi Kasus: Toko Bangunan Tiga “D” Jaya). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengambilan data dan pengembangan sistem. Metode pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi dan dokumen. Sedangkan metode pengembangan sistem menggunakan Waterfall. Sistem dirancang menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP framework laravel dan Database MySQL. Sistem yang dihasilkan mampu mengelola transaksi penjualan, pembelian, pengembalian, hutang, piutang dan mengelola stok barang serta menghasilkan laporan.
Permanecer o no en la empresa
Authors: Medina-Rivera Zulma I. , Santiago-Ortega Rosaliz , Castro-Gonzáles Segundo
Published: December 2023

Este trabajo tuvo como propósito evaluar la influencia de las prácticas del área de recursos humanos fundamentadas en el compromiso, la retención y el desempeño organizacional. El diseño es cuantitativo, correlacional y transversal. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos e inferenciales mediante el uso de regresión categórica. Se consideraron nueve prácticas de recursos humanos, tres categorías sobre el desempeño organizacional y una de retención de empleados. Los resultados demuestran que las prácticas de recursos humanos estudiadas influyen en la retención de empleados, la seguridad de empleo, adiestramiento y desarrollo, y la calidad del trabajo. Esta investigación fortalece la literatura en la que se establece que las prácticas de recursos humanos fundamentadas en el compromiso son instrumentales para retener empleados y promover el desempeño de la organización.
efecto de las orientaciones estratégicas en la competitividad de la empresa a través de la ambidextralidad del emprendimiento
Authors: Pérez-Ramírez Rafael A. , Ortiz-Soto Maribel
Published: December 2023

El balance apropiado en la ambidextralidad del emprendimiento puede llevar a las empresas a alcanzar una ventaja competitiva. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar cómo la exploración y explotación de oportunidades, en una ambidextralidad balanceada, afectan la competitividad. Además, se estudió la orientación al mercado y al emprendimiento como antecedentes de la ambidextralidad emprendedora. El estudio explicativo contó con una muestra de 106 dueños de empresas y altos directivos de Puerto Rico y utilizó el PLS para probar las hipótesis. Los resultados evidencian que la contribución combinada de la orientación al mercado y la orientación al emprendimiento a través de la exploración y explotación de oportunidades aumenta la competitividad de la empresa. Sin embargo, los resultados del estudio resaltan un sesgo hacia la exploración que confirma que una falta de equilibrio en la ambidextralidad resulta en una competitividad limitada.
Comparison of the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors of Resident Russian Women and Their Children in Antalya with Their Turkish Peers: A Descriptive Study
Authors: EMİR Sevda , GÖZÜM Sebahat
Published: December 2023

Objective: The migration movement from Russia to Antalya is predominantly women and children. The aim of this research was to compare the healthy lifestyle behaviors of Russian women residing in Antalya and their primary school children with their Turkish peers.

Methods: This is descriptive comparative research. The study with a purposive sample method included students in grades 1-8 of one private Russian primary school and their mothers, as well as students from three private Turkish schools in the same region and their mothers to ensure similarity. 122 Turkish and 76 Russian mothers and child couples participated in the study. Russian women and Turkish peers completed Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The Nutritional Behavior Scale and the Child Physical Activity Questionnaire (CPAQ) were fulfilled by children.

Results: Russian women were better healthy lifestyle behaviors than Turkish peers in health responsibility (z=-3,91; p
Effect of Workload on Turnover Intention among Health Workers, with Burnout as a Mediator and Work Stress as a Moderator
Authors: Aristana I Nengah , Arsawan I Wayan Edi , Rihayana I Gede
Published: December 2023

Purpose - This study aimed to determine the effect of workload on turnover intention among health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, with burnout serving as a mediator and work stress as a moderator.
Methodology - This qualitative study collected data from health workers in health facilities in the Klungkung Regency using questionnaires. The data obtained were then examined using SmartPLS 3.2.9.
Findings - The results showed that workload did not impact turnover intention, with burnout serving as a mediator. Meanwhile, work stress has not been proven to increase the connection between workload and turnover intent.
Originality - This study provided a different perspective based on organizational behavior theory, which described the turnover intention mechanism of health workers.
Trilliumosides K and L, two novel steroidal saponins from rhizomes of Trillium govanianum, as potent anti-cancer agents targeting apoptosis in the A-549 cancer cell line
Authors: Lone Bashir Ahmad , Tabassum Misbah , Bhushan Anil , Rani Dixhya , Dhiman Urvashi , Ahmad Ajaz , Mir Hilal Ahmad , Gupta Prem N. , Mondhe D. M. , Gairola Sumeet , Gupta Prasoon
Published: December 2023

Two novel steroidal saponins, trilliumosides K (1) and L (2), were isolated from the rhizomes of Trillium govanianum led by bioactivity-guided phytochemical investigation along with seven known compounds: govanoside D (3), protodioscin (4), borassoside E (5), 20-hydroxyecdysone (6), 5,20-hydroxyecdysone (7), govanic acid (8), and diosgenin (9). The structure of novel compounds 1-2 was established using analysis of spectroscopic data including 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) data. All isolated compounds were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic activity against a panel of human cancer cell lines. Compound 1 showed significant cytotoxic activity against the A-549 (Lung) and SW-620 (Colon) cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 1.83 and 1.85 µM, respectively whereas the IC50 value of Compound 2 against the A-549 cell line was found to be 1.79 µM. Among the previously known compounds 3, 5, and 9, the cytotoxic IC50 values were found to be in the range of 5–10 µM. Comprehensive anti-cancer investigation revealed that Compound 2 inhibited in vitro migration and colony-forming capability in the A-549 cell line. Additionally, the mechanistic analysis of Compound 2 on the A-549 cell line indicated distinctive alterations in nuclear morphology, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and decreased levels of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). By upregulating the pro-apoptotic protein BAX and downregulating the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2, the aforementioned actions eventually cause apoptosis, a crucial hallmark in cancer research, which activates Caspase-3. To the best of our knowledge, this study reports the first mechanistic anti-cancer evaluation of the compounds isolated from the rhizomes of T. govanianum with remarkable cytotoxic activity in the desired micromolar range.
Indexes of ferroptosis and iron metabolism were associated with the severity of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhao Pingping , Lv Xiaoyu , Zhou Zhicong , Yang Xiaolan , Huang Ying , Liu Jingfang
Published: December 2023

Objective

To explore the correlations between diabetic nephropathy (DN) and serum levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4), iron, transferrin (Tf), and ferritin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

According to the urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER) or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels, a total of 123 patients with T2DM were separately divided into normoalbuminuria (NO), microalbuminuria (MI), macroalbuminuria (MA) groups, and G1 (eGFR ≥ 90 mL/min), G2 (eGFR ≤ 60 mL/min to < 90 mL/min), and G3 groups (eGFR< 60 mL/min), with 33 healthy participants as the control (HC). The differences in serum GPX4, ACSL4, iron, Tf, and ferritin levels between groups were compared, and the relationships between these levels were analysed. The independent correlations between UAER or DN severity and serum GPX4, ACSL4, iron, Tf, and ferritin levels were analysed by multiple linear and multinomial logistic regression, respectively.

Results

To the patients with T2DM, with the increase in UAER levels, GPX4, iron, and Tf levels gradually decreased, whereas ACSL4 levels increased, meanwhile with the decrease in eGFR levels, GPX4 and Tf levels gradually decreased, whereas ACSL4 levels increased. UAER were independently and positively correlated with ACSL4 [β = 17.53, 95% confidence interval (CI; 11.94, 23.13)] and negatively correlated with GPX4 [β = −1.633, 95% CI (−2.77, -0.496)] and Tf [β = −52.94, 95% CI (-95.78, −10.11)].The NO and MI groups were considered as reference groups, respectively. The severity of DN was negatively correlated with serum GPX4 [odds ratio (OR) = 0.925 and 0.902, p =0.015 and 0.001], and Tf (OR = 0.109 and 0.119, p =0.043 and 0.034), and positively correlated with ACSL4 (OR = 1.952 and 1.865, both p <0.001) in the MA group.

Conclusion

DN severity was negatively correlated with serum GPX4 and Tf levels and positively correlated with serum ACSL4 levels in patients with T2DM.
B-cell-specific MhcII regulates microbiota composition in a primarily IgA-independent manner
Authors: Roland Mary Melissa , Peacock Tori E. , Hall Nia , Mohammed Ahmed Dawood , Ball Ryan , Jolly Amy , Alexeev Sergei , Dopkins Nicolas , Nagarkatti Mitzi , Nagarkatti Prakash , Kubinak Jason L.
Published: December 2023

Background

The expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (MhcII) molecules on B cells is required for the development of germinal centers (GCs) in lymphoid follicles; the primary sites for the generation of T-cell-dependent (TD) antibody responses. Peyer’s patches (PPs) are secondary lymphoid tissues (SLOs) in the small intestine (SI) that give rise to high-affinity, TD antibodies (mainly immunoglobulin A (IgA)) generated against the microbiota. While several studies have demonstrated that MhcII antigen presentation by other immune cells coordinate TD IgA responses and regulate microbiota composition, whether or not B-cell-specific MhcII influences gut microbial ecology is unknown.

Methods

Here, we developed a novel Rag1-/- adoptive co-transfer model to answer this question. In this model, Rag1-/- mice were reconstituted with naïve CD4+ T cells and either MhcII-sufficient or MhcII-deficient naïve B cells. Subsequent to this, resulting shifts in microbiota composition was characterized via 16S rRNA gene sequencing of SI-resident and fecal bacterial communities.

Results

Results from our experiments indicate that SLO development and reconstitution of an anti-commensal TD IgA response can be induced in Rag1-/- mice receiving T cells and MhcII-sufficient B cells, but not in mice receiving T cells and MhcII-deficient B cells. Results from our 16S experiments confirmed that adaptive immunity is a relevant host factor shaping microbial ecology in the gut, and that its impact was most pronounced on SI-resident bacterial communities.

Conclusion

Our data also clearly establishes that MhcII-mediated cognate interactions between B cells and T cells regulates this effect by maintaining species richness in the gut, which is a phenotype commonly associated with good health. Finally, contrary to expectations, our experimental results indicate that IgA was not responsible for driving any of the effects on the microbiota ascribed to the loss of B cell-specific MhcII. Collectively, results from our experiments support that MhcII-mediated antigen presentation by B cells regulates microbiota composition and promotes species richness through an IgA-independent mechanism.
HELIOS-expressing human CD8 T cells exhibit limited effector functions
Authors: Neyens Damien , Hirsch Thibault , Abdel Aziz Issa Abdel Hadi Achraqat , Dauguet Nicolas , Vanhaver Christophe , Bayard Alexandre , Wildmann Claude , Luyckx Mathieu , Squifflet Jean-Luc , D’Hondt Quentin , Duhamel Céline , Huaux Antoine , Montiel Virginie , Dechamps Mélanie , van der Bruggen Pierre
Published: December 2023

Introduction

The transcription factor HELIOS is primarily known for its expression in CD4 regulatory T cells, both in humans and mice. In mice, HELIOS is found in exhausted CD8 T cells. However, information on human HELIOS+ CD8 T cells is limited and conflicting.

Methods

In this study, we characterized by flow cytometry and transcriptomic analyses human HELIOS+ CD8 T cells.

Results

These T cells primarily consist of memory cells and constitute approximately 21% of blood CD8 T cells. In comparison with memory HELIOS- T-BEThigh CD8 T cells that displayed robust effector functions, the memory HELIOS+ T-BEThigh CD8 T cells produce lower amounts of IFN-γ and TNF-α and have a lower cytotoxic potential. We wondered if these cells participate in the immune response against viral antigens, but did not find HELIOS+ cells among CD8 T cells recognizing CMV peptides presented by HLA-A2 and HLA-B7. However, we found HELIOS+ CD8 T cells that recognize a CMV peptide presented by MHC class Ib molecule HLA-E. Additionally, a portion of HELIOS+ CD8 T cells is characterized by the expression of CD161, often used as a surface marker for identifying TC17 cells. These CD8 T cells express TH17/TC17-related genes encoding RORgt, RORa, PLZF, and CCL20.

Discussion

Our findings emphasize that HELIOS is expressed across various CD8 T cell populations, highlighting its significance beyond its role as a transcription factor for Treg or exhausted murine CD8 T cells. The significance of the connection between HELIOS and HLA-E restriction is yet to be understood.
Biomarkers predicting the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Qin Ran , Jin Tianqiang , Xu Feng
Published: December 2023

In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as a transformative approach in treating advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite their success, challenges persist, including concerns about their effectiveness, treatment costs, frequent occurrence of treatment-related adverse events, and tumor hyperprogression. Therefore, it is imperative to identify indicators capable of predicting the efficacy of ICIs treatment, enabling optimal patient selection to maximize clinical benefits while minimizing unnecessary toxic side effects and economic losses. This review paper categorizes prognostic biomarkers of ICIs treatment into the following categories: biochemical and cytological indicators, tumor-related markers, imaging and personal features, etiology, gut microbiome, and immune-related adverse events (irAEs). By organizing these indicators systematically, we aim to guide biomarker exploration and inform clinical treatment decisions.
Comparison of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy and chemotherapy alone for resectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer: a real-world cohort study
Authors: Zhou Sihao , Liu Yi , Liu Kejun , Zhang Junkai , Liang Hanlin , Wu Yingmeng , Ye Hongyu , Liang Yi , Zhang Jingjing , Huang Weizhao
Published: December 2023

Background

We compared the real-world efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy to chemotherapy alone in patients with stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Participants and methods

A total of 59 consecutive patients were finally selected and divided into two groups: the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group (n = 33) and the neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy group (n = 26). The primary endpoint was disease-free survival (DFS). The secondary endpoints were pathological response, clinical response, and adverse events. All patients were followed up to collect perioperative pathology and clinical data.

Results

The objective response rate (ORR), pathological complete response (pCR), and major pathological response (MPR) were significantly higher in the neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy group than in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group (73.1% vs. 45.5%, 34.6% vs. 3.0%, and 65.3% vs. 15.1%, respectively; P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in disease-free survival between the neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy groups (P = 0.129). Patients in the neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy group had a higher rate of tumor regression than those in neoadjuvant chemotherapy group (37.0% [25 patients] vs. 29.0% [33 patients], P = 0.018). However, no discernible correlation between MPR achievement and the degree of tumor shrinkage was observed in either group (P > 0.05). The cumulative MPR rates were 42.3, 50, and 65.3% for 2, 3, and ≥ 4 cycles, respectively, in the neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy group and 9.1, 12.1, and 15.1% for ≤ 2, 3, and ≥ 4 cycles, respectively, in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group. Moreover, No statistical difference was observed between the two groups regarding postoperative complications, resection range, operation time, surgical method, and extent of resection (P > 0.05). Although the incidence of grades III–IV adverse events was higher in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group than in the neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy group (33.3% vs. 4.6%, P = 0.042), there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups (64.6% vs. 83.6%, P = 0.072).

Conclusion

In stage III NSCLC, neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy achieved higher pathological and clinical remission rates than chemotherapy alone, with compromising safety, making it an attractive choice for neoadjuvant therapy.
Trawling-induced change in benthic effect trait composition – A multiple case study
Authors: Beauchard Olivier , Bradshaw Clare , Bolam Stefan , Tiano Justin , Garcia Clément , De Borger Emil , Laffargue Pascal , Blomqvist Mats , Tsikopoulou Irini , Papadopoulou Nadia K. , Smith Christopher J. , Claes Jolien , Soetaert Karline , Sciberras Marija
Published: December 2023

Introduction

The importance of the response-effect trait dichotomy in marine benthic ecology has garnered recent attention. Response traits, characterising species responses to environmental variations, have been a dominant focus in the development of ecological indicators for ecosystem health assessment. In contrast, effect traits, expressing effects of organism activities on the ecosystem, still do not benefit from an equal interest in spite of the complementary facet that they provide to complete our understanding of functional diversity and ecosystem vulnerability. In this study, we explore the consequences of disturbance by bottom trawl fisheries on benthic effect trait composition.

Methods

To this end, we used different contexts of environmental and trawling conditions from thirteen case studies in European waters and apply the same analytical procedure to derive a gradient that solely account for trawling-induced disturbance (Partial RLQ analysis).

Results

Bottom trawling was found to be a selective force of benthic effect trait composition in a majority of case studies. In general, tube-dwelling species were more typical of low trawling frequencies, whereas deep burrowing species were more resistant at high trawling frequencies. Although we report significantly deleterious effects of trawling on benthic ecosystem functions, the effect trait pattern along the gradient was never related to life span, a key response trait generally assumed to express recoverability following disturbance. Furthermore, we show that trends in species multi-functionality and community functional diversity can be negative or positive along the trawling intensity gradient.

Discussion

We discuss the relevance of these results in light of recent developments in the framework of response and effect trait dichotomy, and provide guidelines of trait data analysis in the context of trawl fisheries impact on the sea floor. Our findings emphasize the importance of fundamental concepts from functional ecology in this context and represent a first step toward an assessment of trawling effect more oriented on benthos-mediated biogeochemical processes.
Vertical structure characterization of acoustically detected zooplankton aggregation: a case study from the Ross Sea
Authors: Barra Marco , Guglielmo Letterio , Bonanno Angelo , Mangoni Olga , Rivaro Paola , Rumolo Paola , Falco Pierpaolo , Basilone Gualtiero , Fontana Ignazio , Ferreri Rosalia , Giacalone Giovanni , Aronica Salvatore , Minutoli Roberta , Memmola Francesco , Granata Antonia , Genovese Simona
Published: December 2023

Acoustic data were collected by means of Simrad EK60 scientific echosounder on board the research vessel “Italica” in the Ross Sea during the 2016/2017 austral summer as part of the P-Rose and CELEBeR projects, within the framework of the Italian National Research Program in Antarctica (PNRA). Sampling activities also involved the collection of vertical hydrological profiles using the SBE 9/11plus oceanographic probe. Acoustic data were processed to extract three specific scattering structures linked to Euphausia superba, Euphausia crystallorophias and the so called Sound-Scattering Layers (SSLs; continuous and low-density acoustic structures constituted by different taxa). Four different sectors of the study area were considered: two southern coastal sectors (between the Drygalski Ice Tongue and Coulman Island), a northern sector (~30 nmi East of Cape Hallett) and an offshore one spanning about 2 degrees of latitude from Coulman Island south to the Drygalski Ice Tongue. The vertical structure of each group in each area was then analyzed in relation to the observed environmental conditions. Obtained results highlighted the presence of different vertical structures (both environmental and acoustic) among areas, except for the two southern coastal sectors that were found similar. GAM modelling permitted to evidence specific relationships between the environmental factors and the vertical distribution of the considered acoustic groups, letting to hypothesize the presence of trophic relationships and differences in SSL species composition among areas. The advantages of acoustic techniques to implement opportunistic monitoring strategies in endangered ecosystems are also discussed.
Circular intermediate-mediated horizontal transfer of the chromosome-encoded cfr(C) gene in multi-drug resistant Campylobacter coli from swine sources
Authors: An Jae-Uk , Lee Soomin , Guk Jae-Ho , Woo Jungha , Song Hyokeun , Cho Seongbeom
Published: December 2023

Campylobacter is a major zoonotic pathogen that causes gastrointestinal and, rarely, immune diseases in humans. The antimicrobial-resistance gene cfr(C) carried by Campylobacter and is a cfr-like gene that targets bacterial 23S rRNA through A2503 methylation. cfr(C) confers cross-resistance to five antimicrobial classes (PhLOPSA), including lincosamide, streptogramin A, and pleuromutilin, which are classified as critically important antimicrobials to human by the World Health Organization. To elucidate the genetic variation and horizontal transfer mechanism of cfr(C), we analyzed the genetic background and horizontal transfer unit of Campylobacter-derived cfr(C) through comparative genomic analysis. We identified nine cfr(C)-positive C. coli strains of 157 strains isolated from swine sources. Three novel cfr(C) gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites (19delA, 674C > A, and 890 T > C) were identified from nine cfr(C)-positive strains. Among six identified cfr(C) SNP variant types (SNP-I to -VI), five types of randomly inserted cfr(C)-cassettes on chromosome and one type of plasmid-like element were identified, their gene cassette composition differing depending on the cfr(C) variants. Three of six cfr(C) cassette types contained aminoglycoside-streptothricin resistance cluster “aphA3-sat4-aadE.” The cfr(C) gene cassette with pcp gene (GC-1, GC-4, and GC-5) formed a pcp-mediated circular intermediate “pcp-hp-cfr(C)-aphA3,” which has not been previously reported. Other two cfr(C) cassette-types with ISChh1 formed circular intermediate “ISChh1-aphA3-cfr(C)-lnu (G)-pnp-ant1-hp-ATPase” and “ISChh1-aphA3-cfr(C)-hp.” In conjugation assay, the pcp-mediated circular intermediate was naturally transferred to the plasmid of recipient C. coli wild-type strain from swine source, and comparative genomic analysis revealed that cfr(C) encoded in pcp-mediated circular intermediate was inserted into the plasmid of recipient by homologous recombination with pcp and aphA3. This study revealed that novel multidrug resistance gene cfr(C) carried by C. coli from swine sources can be highly genetically diverse and transferable. Moreover, we suggest that the transferability of chromosomal cfr(C) may contribute to the global spread of multidrug resistance against clinically important antimicrobials.
Analysis of the microbial diversity in takin (Budorcas taxicolor) feces
Authors: Ma Xiaoping , Wang Weichen , Cai Lijun , Xiao Mei , He Fang , Liu Zhen , Chen Dong , Wang Ya , Shen Limin , Gu Yu
Published: December 2023

Introduction

The intestinal tract of animals is a complex and dynamic microecosystem that is inextricably linked to the health of the host organism. Takin (Budorcas taxicolor) is a threatened species, and its gut microbiome is poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the microbial community structure and potential pathogens of takin.

Methods

Takin fecal samples were collected from five sites in a nature reserve to ensure the uniformity of sample collection, determine the effects of different geographical locations on gut microbes, and analyze the differences in microbial communities between sites. Subsequently, high-throughput 16S rDNA gene sequencing was performed to analyze the microbial diversity and potential pathogens in the gut; the findings were verified by isolating and culturing bacteria and metagenomic sequencing.

Results and discussion

The takin gut microflora consisted mainly of four phyla: Firmicutes (69.72%), Bacteroidota (13.55%), Proteobacteria (9.02%), and Verrucomicrobiota (3.77%), representing 96.07% of all microorganisms. The main genera were UCG-005 (20.25%), UCG-010_unclassified (12.35%), Firmicus_unclassified (4.03%), and Rumino coccsea_unclassified (3.49%), while the main species were assigned to Bacteria_unclassified. Potential pathogens were also detected, which could be used as a reference for the protection of takin. Pseudomonas presented the highest abundance at Shuichiping and may represent the main pathogen responsible for the death of takin at the site. This study provides an important reference for investigating the composition of the bacterial community in the intestine of takin.
Effect of forest planting patterns on the formation of soil organic carbon during litter lignocellulose degradation from a microbial perspective
Authors: Wu Di , Yin Changwei , Fan Yuxin , Chi Haiyu , Liu Zhili , Jin Guangze
Published: December 2023

Litter decomposition is an important source of soil organic carbon, and it plays a key role in maintaining the stability of forest ecosystems. The microbial mechanism of soil organic carbon (SOC) formation in different urban forest planting patterns during litter lignocellulose degradation is still unclear. The key genes, microbes, and metabolites in the process of lignocellulose degradation and SOC formation were determined by metagenomics and metabolomics in different litter decomposition layers and soil layers in different urban forest planting patterns, including three types of broadleaf forests (BP forests), three types of coniferous forests (CP forests), and two types of mixed coniferous and broadleaf forests (MCBP forests). The results indicated that the cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin concentrations from the undecomposed layer to the totally decomposed layer decreased by 70.07, 86.83, and 73.04% for CP litter; 74.30, 93.80, and 77.55% for BP litter; and 62.51, 48.58, and 90.61% for MCBP litter, respectively. The soil organic carbon of the BP forests and MCBP forests was higher than that of the CP forests by 38.06 and 94.43% for the 0–10 cm soil layer and by 38.55 and 20.87% for the 10–20 cm soil layer, respectively. Additionally, the gene abundances of glycoside hydrolases (GHs) and polysaccharide lyases (PLs) in the BP forests were higher than those in the MCBP forests and CP forests. Amino acid metabolism, sugar metabolism, TCA metabolism, and cAMP signaling metabolism were mainly between the CP forests and BP forests, while the TCA cycle, pyruvate metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, and tyrosine metabolism were mainly between the BP forests and MCBP forests during litter decomposition. Additionally, ammonia nitrogen and hemicellulose were key factors driving SOC formation in the CP forests, while ammonia nitrogen, hemicellulose, and lignocellulose-degrading genes were key factors driving SOC formation in the BP forests. For the MCBP forests, cellulose, pH, ammonia nitrogen, and lignin were key factors driving SOC formation. Our findings revealed that the BP forests and MCBP forests had stronger lignocellulose degradation performance in the formation of SOC. This study provided a theoretical basis for the flow and transformation of nutrients in different urban forest management patterns.
Causal associations between gut microbiota and regional cortical structure: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhou Maochao , Chen Song , Chen Yan , Wang Chunhua , Chen Chunmei
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Observational studies have reported associations between gut microbiota composition and central nervous system diseases. However, the potential causal relationships and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we applied Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal effects of gut microbiota on cortical surface area (SA) and thickness (TH) in the brain.

Methods

We used genome-wide association study summary statistics of gut microbiota abundance in 18,340 individuals from the MiBioGen Consortium to identify genetic instruments for 196 gut microbial taxa. We then analyzed data from 56,761 individuals from the ENIGMA Consortium to examine associations of genetically predicted gut microbiota with alterations in cortical SA and TH globally and across 34 functional brain regions. Inverse-variance weighted analysis was used as the primary MR method, with MR Egger regression, MR-PRESSO, Cochran’s Q test, and leave-one-out analysis to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy.

Results

At the functional region level, genetically predicted higher abundance of class Mollicutes was associated with greater SA of the medial orbitofrontal cortex (β = 8.39 mm2, 95% CI: 3.08–13.70 mm2, p = 0.002), as was higher abundance of phylum Tenericutes (β = 8.39 mm2, 95% CI: 3.08–13.70 mm2, p = 0.002). Additionally, higher abundance of phylum Tenericutes was associated with greater SA of the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (β = 10.51 mm2, 95% CI: 3.24–17.79 mm2, p = 0.0046). No evidence of heterogeneity or pleiotropy was detected.

Conclusion

Specific gut microbiota may causally influence cortical structure in brain regions involved in neuropsychiatric disorders. The findings provide evidence for a gut-brain axis influencing cortical development, particularly in the orbitofrontal cortex during adolescence.
Avoidance of thiazoline compound depends on multiple sensory pathways mediated by TrpA1 and ORs in Drosophila
Authors: Sato Shoma , Magaji Aliyu Mudassir , Tominaga Makoto , Sokabe Takaaki
Published: December 2023

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are primary sensory molecules in animals and are involved in detecting a diverse range of physical and chemical cues in the environments. Considering the crucial role of TRPA1 channels in nocifensive behaviors and aversive responses across various insect species, activators of TRPA1 are promising candidates for insect pest control. In this study, we demonstrate that 2-methylthiazoline (2MT), an artificial volatile thiazoline compound originally identified as a stimulant for mouse TRPA1, can be utilized as a novel repellent for fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster. We observed that 2MT induced strong, dose-dependent avoidance behaviors in adult males, regardless of their feeding states, as well as egg laying behavior in females. These aversive responses were mediated by contact chemosensation via TrpA1 and olfaction via odorant receptors. Knocking down TrpA1 revealed the essential roles of bitter taste neurons and nociceptive neurons in the legs and labellum. Furthermore, among five isoforms, TrpA1-C and TrpA1-D exclusively contributed to the aversiveness of 2MT. We also discovered that these isoforms were directly activated by 2MT through covalent modification of evolutionarily conserved cysteine residues. In conclusion, we have identified 2MT as a stimulant for multiple sensory pathways, triggering aversive behaviors in fruit flies. We propose that 2MT and related chemicals may serve as potential resources for developing novel insect repellents.
Efficacy and safety of rituximab in elderly patients with membranous nephropathy
Authors: Guo Yanhong , Zhao Huayan , Ren Mingjing , Wang Yulin , Wang Liuwei , Tang Lin
Published: December 2023

Objectives: Advancing age is a risk factor for treatment-related side effects and mortality in membranous nephropathy (MN) patients treated with traditional immunosuppressive regimens. This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of rituximab (RTX) in the treatment of elderly patients with MN.

Methods: We performed a single center retrospective review of 37 consecutive MN patients aged 70 and older at the time of RTX infusion. We also enrolled 76 young patients (<70 years old) with MN as the control group. We assessed clinical and laboratory indices, remission rates, and adverse events at RTX infusion, 3 months, and last visit.

Results: A total of 37 elderly patients with MN were included, with a median follow-up period of 15.50 (10.00, 24.40) months. Of the 37 patients, 75.68% were male, and mean age was 71.89 ± 2.47 years. At last visit, 7 (18.92%) patients achieved complete remission, and 26 (70.27%) patients achieved complete or partial remission. There were no differences in the complete remission rate and complete or partial remission rate at last visit compared to young patients (26.32% vs. 18.92%, p = 0.387; 85.53% vs. 70.27%, p = 0.055). After RTX treatment, three of 6 elderly patients with pneumonia died due to ineffective treatment of the infection in RTX therapy courses. The results of multivariant regression analysis showed that elderly patients have an increased risk of serious infection, compared with patients younger than 70 years (OR = 32.874, 95% CI 1.300–831.490, p = 0.034). For each increase of 1 g/L in serum albumin, the risk of serious infection would decrease by 43.2% (OR = 0.568, 95% CI 0.334–0.969, p = 0.038).

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that RTX is effective in the treatment of elderly patients with MN. However, we also observed a high incidence of infectious complications. Our experience was limited by its retrospective design and relatively small sample size, and further randomized controlled studies with large sample size are needed to confirm our preliminary findings.