bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bringing Bioethics to the Natural Sciences Classroom
Authors: Cooke Catherine , Hubbard Amelia
Published: May 2022

The value to students of discussing and evaluating bioethical scenarios has been widely demonstrated, yet relatively few natural science courses incorporate this topic as part of the curriculum. This paper presents an activity to introduce bioethics into a college introductory-level, general education natural science course. The objective of this activity is to help students critically analyze and evaluate bioethics scenarios across a wide range of topics (e.g., animal testing, gene therapy, ownership of human remains) that incorporate common bioethical concepts. At the end of the activity, students reflect on their given scenario and the broader implications of science on society.
Structural-parametric model actuator of adaptive optics for composite telescope and astrophysics equipment
Authors: SM Afonin
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we obtained the structural-parametric model, the matrix transfer function, the static and dynamic characteristics of the multilayer electromagnetoelastic actuator of adaptive optics. It was designed the structural diagram of the multilayer electromagnetoelastic actuator of adaptive optics for composite telescope and astrophysics equipment in contrast to electrical equivalent circuits of the piezotransducer and the vibration piezomotor.
Pediatric Mental Health Presentations and Boarding: First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ibeziako Patricia , Kaufman Katy , Scheer Kenneth N. , Sideridis Georgios
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVES

Psychiatric boarding occurs when patients remain in emergency departments or are admitted to inpatient medical/surgical units to await placement at psychiatric treatment programs. Boarding was already increasing in the United States over the past decade, and the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has only further profoundly affected the mental health of youth. The current study aims to describe psychiatric diagnoses and boarding among pediatric patients presenting to the hospital after the pandemic onset.

METHODS

We performed a retrospective chart review from March 2019 to February 2021 of all youth aged ≤18 years with emergency department or inpatient medical/surgical admissions related to mental health complaints at a large United States Northeast pediatric hospital and compared psychiatric diagnoses and boarding during the 12 months before and after the pandemic onset. Inferential statistics included χ2 and t-tests. Interrupted time series analyses evaluated trends during the study period.

RESULTS

Proportion of hospital presentations of pediatric patients with suicidal ideation/suicide attempts (P < .001), depression (P < .001), anxiety (P = .006), eating disorders (P < .001), substance use disorders (P = .005), and obsessive compulsive and related disorders (P < .001), all increased during the first pandemic year, compared with the previous year. Average length of psychiatric boarding more than doubled (2.1 vs 4.6 days, P < .001) and 50.4% of patients experienced extended boarding periods ≥2 days during the first pandemic year.

CONCLUSIONS

This study highlights the vulnerability of a United States health care system that has been chronically inadequate at meeting the mental health needs of children and adolescents, and raises an urgent call to reform pediatric mental health care.
Acute Deep Vein Thrombosis Involving the Inferior Vena Cava: Interventional Perspectives
Authors: Ali Adham Abou , Malak Othman A , Salem Karim , Alkhoury George , Sridharan Natalie , Chaer Rabih A , Avgerinos Efthymios
Published: May 2022

Extension of an iliofemoral thrombosis into the inferior vena cava (IVC), or from the IVC descending into the iliofemoral segments, can confer significant morbidity and mortality. Interventional management of acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) has been controversial, but there is little doubt that certain subpopulations benefit, such as those with symptomatic IVC thrombosis. When considering an intervention, caval involvement introduces technical difficulties due to its larger diameter, high thrombus burden, bilateral limb clot extension and need for dual access. The frequent coexistence of an IVC filter increases the complexity even more. This review summarises the current indications and treatment modalities available for the management of acute DVT involving the vena cava.
The age of tomato plants affects the development of Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas, 1878) (Hemiptera) colonies
Authors: Trotta Vincenzo , Toma Irene , Forlano Pierluigi , Fanti Paolo , Durán Prieto Juliana , Battaglia Donatella
Published: May 2022

We tested the hypothesis that the intensity and duration of Macrosiphum euphorbiae infestations in tomato depend on both the age (phenological stage) of the host plant and the initial number of aphids present in the colony. We compared the effects of three initial levels of infestation and two phenological stages of the plant (pre-flowering and flowering stages) on infestation curves. The position of the infestation peak over time was significantly affected by the plant phenological phase. Populations of M. euphorbiae reached the highest peak of abundance on plants infested at the pre-flowering stage compared to those subsequently infested. Within a phenological phase, the maximum abundance also varied according to the initial aphid density on the plant. The implications concerning the management of the pest in the field are briefly discussed
Improvement of growth of common bean in phosphorus-deficient soils by phosphate-solubilizing and phytohormone-producing bacteria
Authors: Vieira Rosana Faria , Ferracini Vera Lúcia , Silveira Adriana Parada Dias da , Pazianotto Ricardo Antônio Almeida
Published: May 2022

The use of phosphate fertilizers is generally required for normal growth and development of crops. The cost of manufactured phosphate fertilizers has increased drastically in recent years and these are becoming out of reach for low-income farmers. The objective of this research was to select phosphate-solubilizing and phytohormone-producing bacteria to improve the growth and P uptake by the common bean (IAC Alvorada) in Red-Yellow Oxisol without the addition of phosphate fertilizer. The experimental design was completely randomized with three replicates and the following treatments: non-inoculated bean plants and plants inoculated separately with seven bacterial isolates: K24, K36, K71, T30, T79, A24, and T22. The previously treated bean plants were grown in the presence and absence of phosphate fertilization. Only the plants inoculated with the isolates K36 and T79 showed higher values for the dry weight and the quantities of P and N uptake by the shoot when cultivated in the absence of phosphate fertilizer. These results demonstrate the potential use of the bacteria T79 and K36 as inoculants for bean plants grown in non-sterilized soil with low available P content, but also indicate that P solubilization may not be the only mechanism responsible for the positive growth response.
Una cuestión de derechos humanos: las prácticas nocivas descritas en la meta 5.3. de la Agenda 2030: el matrimonio infantil, precoz y forzado, y la mutilación genital femenina
Authors: Morán-Blanco Sagrario
Published: May 2022

Este trabajo analiza, en primer lugar, los conceptos de Matrimonio infantil, precoz y forzado, y de la Mutilación Genital femenina, lacras presentes en muchos países de la sociedad internacional y que afectan a millones de niñas/os y mujeres. En segundo lugar, se estudian los principales factores que favorecen estas prácticas, las consecuencias sociales, económicas y humanas que generan; y los derechos fundamentales vulnerados. La tercera parte analiza las medidas de carácter jurídico, político, y social que, desde finales del siglo XX, aplican los diferentes actores de la Sociedad internacional: Estados, Organizaciones Internacionales y ONGs, fundamentalmente, para la erradicación del Matrimonio Infantil, precoz y forzado, y la Mutilación Genital Femenina.
Protecting Human Rights While Conducting Military Operations Abroad: a Critical Analysis of The European Court of Human Rights’ Recent Judgement in «Hanan v. Germany»
Authors: Jürgenssen Theresa-Erna
Published: May 2022

On February 16, 2021, the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights released its judgement in Hanan v. Germany (2021). The case concerned the alleged violation of Articles 2 and 13 of the European Convention of Human Rights by Germany regarding an airstrike ordered by German Colonel Klein in Afghanistan. The case raised several questions the answers of which could be impactful for all Contracting Parties to the Convention conducting military operations abroad. This paper critically explores the past-case law by the Court and the answers given by the Court in Hanan concerning two of these questions. First, the question concerning the extraterritorial applicability of the Convention to airstrikes. This matter had previously been addressed by the Court in the highly criticised case of Banković and Others v. Belgium and Others (2001); since the facts of Hanan show various similarities to Banković, the Court in Hanan had a chance to change its position on this matter and clarify what would be the state’s responsibilities when using military force abroad. Second, the question of attribution, i.e., whether Contracting Parties operating as part of an international organisation can be held responsible for impugned acts under the Convention.
Development of safe technology of obtaining fatty acid monoglycerides using a new catalyst
Authors: Bliznjuk Olga , Masalitina Nataliia , Mezentseva Iryna , Novozhylova Tetiana , Korchak Mykola , Haliasnyi Ivan , Gavrish Tatiana , Fomina Iryna , Khalil Viktoriya , Nikitchenko Olga
Published: May 2022

Fatty acid monoglycerides are a valuable component of the products of various industries. The emulsifying ability of monoglycerides is used in cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food production.
The process of fatty acid monoglycerides obtaining by the reaction of vegetable hydrogenated fat (salomas) with glycerol (glycerolysis method) has been studied. Potassium glycerate is used as a catalyst, which is characterized by high efficiency and safety of production and use.
A feature of the work is the study of the dependence of the yield and melting point of monoglycerides on the technological parameters of glycerolysis.
As a raw material, hydrogenated refined fat according to DSTU 5040 (CAS Number 68334-28-1) was used: melting point – 48 °C, mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances – 0.08 %, acid value – 0.25 mg KOH/g, peroxide value – 2.8 ½ O mmol/kg.
In all experiments, the glycerolysis temperature was 180 °C, the catalyst concentration – 0.5 % in terms of metal.
Rational conditions for glycerolysis were determined: duration (90 min.) and glycerol concentration (50 %). Under these conditions, the monoglycerides yield was 32.9 %, melting point – 61.5 °C. The mass fraction of free glycerol in monoglycerides was 1.0 %, acid value – 2.2 mg KOH/g.
The efficiency of monoglycerides obtaining using potassium hydroxide and glycerol mixture as a catalyst under certain rational conditions has been studied. The monoglycerides yield of 30.1 %, melting point of 59 °C were obtained. Therefore, the use of potassium glycerate catalyst is more efficient.
The results of the study make it possible to improve the technology for the production of fatty acid monoglycerides using a new catalyst and use resources rationally
Designing the structure and determining the mode characteristics of the grain dryer based on thermosiphons
Authors: Bezbah Igor , Zykov Aleksandr , Mordynskyi Vsevolod , Osadchuk Petr , Phylipova Lyudmila , Bandura Valentyna , Yarovyi Igor , Marenchenko Elena
Published: May 2022

Energy consumption, environmental issues, product quality are actual problems related to grain drying processes. It is necessary to pay attention to designing new structures of energy-efficient grain dryers.
A structure of an energy-efficient grain dryer based on thermosiphons has been designed; its energy consumption is 3.5...6.8 MJ/kg depending on surface temperature and air flow rate. The dryer includes a layer heater, a drying chamber, a heat generator, a heater, a noria for loading the product, and fans. The structural features of the dryer allow the drying process to be carried out without direct contact between the combustion gases and the product.
The efficiency of the designed structure was evaluated for such indicators as heat transfer coefficients to the grain flow, specific energy costs, moisture content, the relative humidity of the air leaving the dryer.
The values of coefficients of the heat transfer to the grain flow vary within 36...58 W/m2K at speeds 2.5...8 mm/s. An increase in the flow rate by 3.2 times leads to an increase in the heat transfer coefficient by 1.6 times.
The moisture content of the air at the outlet of the dryer reaches 60 g/kg, while the relative humidity is 90 %, which is several times higher than the parameters for convective mine grain dryers.
Energy consumption for drying at the surface temperature of thermosiphons Ts=142.9 °C for various grain flow rates is close to a minimum. The energy consumption is lower than in existing convective dryers.
21 % is spent on heating grain in the dryer; 54 % ‒ on moisture evaporation; and 23.6 % are losses. If we consider the energy spent on moisture evaporation usable, the efficiency of convective dryers is only 40 % while that of dryers based on thermosiphons is 54.1 %.
It is expected that the designed structure could be a solution for small farmers in the post-harvest drying process
Metaheuristic optimization algorithm based on the two-step Adams-Bashforth method in training multi-layer perceptrons
Authors: Khudhur Hisham M. , Ibraheem Kais I.
Published: May 2022

The proposed metaheuristic optimization algorithm based on the two-step Adams-Bashforth scheme (MOABT) was first used in this paper for Multilayer Perceptron Training (MLP). In computer science and mathematical examples, metaheuristic is high-level procedures or guidelines designed to find, devise, or select algorithmic research methods to obtain high-quality solutions to an example problem, especially if the information is insufficient or incomplete, or if computational capacity is limited. Many metaheuristic methods include some stochastic example operations, which means that the resulting solution is dependent on the random variables that are generated during the search. The use of higher evidence can frequently find good solutions with less computational effort than iterative methods and algorithms because it searches a broad range of feasible solutions at the same time. Therefore, metaheuristic is a useful approach to solving example problems. There are several characteristics that distinguish metaheuristic strategies for the research process. The goal is to efficiently explore the search perimeter to find the best and closest solution. The techniques that make up metaheuristic algorithms range from simple searches to complex learning processes. Eight model data sets are used to calculate the proposed approach, and there are five classification data sets and three proximate job data sets included in this set. The numerical results were compared with those of the well-known evolutionary trainer Gray Wolf Optimizer (GWO). The statistical study revealed that the MOABT algorithm can outperform other algorithms in terms of avoiding local optimum and speed of convergence to global optimum. The results also show that the proposed problems can be classified and approximated with high accuracy
Computer modeling in the study of the effect of normalized quantities on the measurement accuracy of the quadratic transformation function
Authors: Shcherban’ Volodymyr , Korogod Ganna , Kolysko Oksana , Volivach Antonina , Shcherban’ Yury , Shchutska Ganna
Published: May 2022

The research of the systems of equations of quantities describing, respectively, 5 and 6 measurement cycles revealed the peculiarities of redundancy formation. It is proved that the normalized temperature T1 has the greatest effect on the measurement result for both systems. In addition, it was found that in both systems, an increase in the reproduction accuracy of the normalized temperature T1 (with a constant reproduction error of T2) does not lead to a significant improvement in the results. Due to this, it can be argued on the use of non-precision normalized sources to reproduce the temperature T1. However, an order of magnitude increase in the reproduction accuracy of both normalized quantities T1 and T2 also increases the measurement accuracy by an order of magnitude. Computer modeling confirmed that for the redundant measurement equation (11) at the ratio Т1=Ті(0.0005•Ті+1) in the range (10÷200) °С, measurement with a relative error (0.01÷0.00003) % is provided. When applying the redundant measurement equation (13), the accuracy increases to 0.0059 % only at the end of the range. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the accuracy of redundant measurements is influenced by the type of equation itself, not their number. Processing of the results based on the redundant measurement equation, by the way, ensures the independence of the measurement result from the influence of absolute values of the transformation function parameters, as well as their deviations from nominal values under the influence of external destabilizing factors.
Thus, there is reason to believe that it is possible to increase the accuracy of measurement in a wide range by observing the ratio between normalized and controlled quantities