bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Can I Tell if My Algorithm Was Reasonable?
Authors: Chagal-Feferkorn Karni
Published: July 2021

Self-learning algorithms are gradually dominating more and more aspects of our lives. They do so by performing tasks and reaching decisions that were once reserved exclusively for human beings. And not only that—in certain contexts, their decision-making performance is shown to be superior to that of humans. However, as superior as they may be, self-learning algorithms (also referred to as artificial intelligence (AI) systems, “smart robots,” or “autonomous machines”) can still cause damage.

When determining the liability of a human tortfeasor causing damage, the applicable legal framework is generally that of negligence. To be found negligent, the tortfeasor must have acted in a manner not compliant with the standard of “the reasonable person.” Given the growing similarity of self-learning algorithms to humans in the nature of decisions they make and the type of damages they may cause (for example, a human driver and a driverless vehicle causing similar car accidents), several scholars have proposed the development of a “reasonable algorithm” standard, to be applied to self-learning systems.

To date, however, academia has not attempted to address the practical question of how such a standard might be applied to algorithms, and what the content of analysis ought to be in order to achieve the goals behind tort law of promoting safety and victims’ compensation on the one hand, and achieving the right balance between these goals and encouraging the development of beneficial technologies on the other.

This Article analyzes the “reasonableness” standard used in tort law in the context of the unique qualities, weaknesses, and strengths that algorithms possess comparatively to human actors and also examines whether the reasonableness standard is at all compatible with self-learning algorithms. Concluding that it generally is, the Article’s main contribution is its proposal of a concrete “reasonable algorithm” standard that could be practically applied by decisionmakers. This standard accounts for the differences between human and algorithmic decision-making. The “reasonable algorithm” standard also allows the application of the reasonableness standard to algorithms in a manner that promotes the aims of tort law while avoiding a dampening effect on the development and usage of new, beneficial technologies.
Covid 19 and the China Challenge: Interrogating the Domestic International Nexus in Beijing’s Coronavirus Response
Authors: Ho Benjamin Tze Ern
Published: July 2021

This article considers China’s political manoeuvers between February and October 2020 as the Covid-19 pandemic continues to devastate many parts of the world. It argues that the pandemic has exacerbated geopolitical tensions between China, the United States and the West. Consequently, Chinese policy-makers perceive the existence of a broad Western front which seeks to contain its global ambitions, as well as to de-legitimise the rule of the Chinese government domestically. In response, the Chinese government has attempted to shore up its territorial claims while embarking on a global diplomatic offensive to cast itself as a responsible power and at the same time call into question the West’s ability to practice global leadership. Taken together, these narratives have emboldened China to attempt and seize the moral high ground while at the same time undermine Western criticism that it was an uncooperative and opportunistic power that had taken advantage of the pandemic to pursue its own selfish agenda.
CORPORATE CULTURE AS AN ENTERPRISE MARKETING RESOURCE
Authors: POTAPIUK Iryna , ANDRUSHCHENKO Tetiana , MOROZ Yuliia
Published: July 2021

Today, one of the main tasks of managing a business is meeting customer needs through the creation of a decent internal environment where employees become loyal and focused on achieving organizational goals.

Corporate culture can reasonably be considered as one of the marketing resources of an enterprise, since it plays a huge role in shaping its image, and therefore the degree of consumer loyalty. Then more effective and stronger the internal culture of the enterprise is, that more favorable the image is in the representatives of the marketing environment, and thus the confidence and interest of the potential consumer increases.

Corporate culture as one of the major marketing resources is a complex concept that includes many interrelated elements. Competent formation of corporate culture of the enterprise in the market conditions makes it more successful and competitive as it allows to expand their business on market at the expense of high reputation, allows to receive the maximum return from the personnel due to the coherence of its actions and enterprise client orientation.

Elements of corporate culture of the enterprise are: corporate style, people, values, history (traditions), norms of behavior, relationships, policy of conducting dialogues with clients, partners and competitors and the personnel unity for achievement of the set goals.

The impact of corporate culture on the enterprise effectiveness is determined by the following results: implementation of effective strategies, reputation, image, competitiveness, social efficiency, organizational efficiency and commercial efficiency.

Corporate culture as an enterprise marketing resource is an effective management tool in the hands of a manager that can lead the business to success, prosperity and stability. Therefore, in order to ensure the stable development of the enterprise and increase the efficiency of its activity, management needs to invest resources in the formation and improvement of corporate culture.

Key words: corporate culture, marketing, values, standards of behavior, corporate style, enterprise.
MODELING OF COMPETITIVE HORTICULTURAL INNOVATIVE ENTERPRISES
Authors: YERMAKOV Oleksandr , SLYEPTSOVA Lyudmila
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to organizational and economic aspects of the creation and functioning of horticultural innovation-oriented enterprises and substantiates scientific approaches to the development of such production and economic structures.

The objective of every economic entity in the competitive economy is to maximize the profit that may be achieved not only by producing fruitful products, but by its successful sale in certain terms and markets. This is primarily due to the fact that, under market conditions for horticultural enterprises, agrobiological potential is already insufficient to effectively grow fruit and berry crops. Therefore, innovation’s activity and its results are a prerequisite for successful management of the horticulture industry in Ukraine, namely: the transition to models of horticultural innovation-oriented enterprises which will be able to ensure the competitiveness of grown fruit products in both its domestic and foreign markets.

The object of the investigations was the process of innovative development of horticultural enterprises and the construction of an economic and mathematical model of optimization of pome fruits (apples) sales – the basis of the industry in most regions of Ukraine.

On the research basis of organizational and economic features of innovative development in the article the economic-mathematical optimization model of production and sale (apples) in a horticultural innovation-oriented enterprise is grounded. This is the experimental farm of the Podilsky Horticultural Research Station as a testing ground for innovative developments in fruitful production.

Optimization of the structure of production and sales of products on the basis of the proposed model in this horticultural enterprise allows to significantly increase the profitability of growing apple’s orchards (from 0.9 million to 35.4 million UAH). Due to its high efficiency, this innovative project can be extended to other horticultural enterprises of Ukraine, in particular in the Podillya.

Keywords: simulation, competitiveness, innovative development, horticultural enterprises, economic and mathematical model, realization, maximum profit, optimization, innovation-oriented enterprises.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MODEL OF EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF THE COMMODITY EXCHANGE MARKET OF UKRAINE
Authors: PODSOKHA Anna
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The low level of development of commodity exchange trade in Ukraine remains a rather acute issue in the domestic economy for a long time. This indicates the need to find new ways to improve the activities of exchanges.

The purpose of the scientific research is to generalize the theoretical aspects of the formation of organizational and economic model of effective functioning of the commodity exchange market in Ukraine.

Results. It is established that grain is a typical commodity on the domestic stock market. The functions of the exchange are defined. The world tendencies of exchange trade development are characterized. The state of the domestic stock market is studied. The state role in regulating the activity of exchanges is highlighted. The essence, tasks and principles of the wholesale grain market are defined. The existence of favorable economic conditions for the organization of regional wholesale grain markets is substantiated. The administrative component of operational management of the wholesale market is characterized. The measures for the organization of wholesale grain markets at the regional level have been identified. The dominance of the shadow market in the sale of agricultural products is indicated. The directions of institutional transformations at the regional level to increase the effectiveness of economic reforms in the agriculture field are identified. The necessity of the new technological basis introduction of agricultural products realization – electronic auctions is substantiated. Prospects for the electronic bidding introduction are outlined. The relations model for regulation of the wholesale market of agricultural products at the regional level is characterized. Organizational and economic measures for the implementation of this model in domestic practice are proposed. The priority task of state regulation in exchange trade of agricultural products is highlighted.

Conclusions. The use of the model of development and regulation of the regional wholesale market of agricultural products will contribute to the development of the commodity exchange market, reduce the share of the shadow sector of the economy, replenish budget funds to finance producers in agriculture.

Key words: commodity exchange, organizational and economic model, exchange market, wholesale grain market, electronic trading, state regulation.
MOBILIZATION OF INVESTMENT SOURCES OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS AND THEIR INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS
Authors: Vitkovskyi Yurii
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The agricultural sector is an important segment of the domestic economy. Appropriate measures have been developed and implemented at the state level in order to create the necessary conditions for the development of agribusiness entities.

The purpose of the research is to find ways to increase the investment attractiveness of agribusiness entities, as well as to analyze the directions and sources of attracting and mobilizing investment funds for their development.

Results. The preconditions for attracting investment funds in the areas of competitive development of agricultural enterprises are described. The results of the influence of foreign economic policy on the sale of agri-food and agricultural products of domestic enterprises are determined. The tendencies of attracting foreign investments in the agricultural sector of the economy are analyzed. The most attractive areas of agriculture for investment are given. The orientation of agrarian policy in the medium term is determined. The necessity of investment support of the domestic agricultural sector is substantiated. Problems of investment policy implementation are highlighted. The role of financial leasing as a form of investment of agricultural producers is characterized. The necessity of creating conditions for intensification of leasing relations in agricultural production is proved. Measures have been proposed that have the potential to stimulate the attraction of private capital in the agricultural sector. Insufficient domestic investment to support the agricultural sector has been identified. Emphasis is placed on the expediency of attracting foreign direct investment. It has been established that the slowness of decision-making regarding the development of innovation support restrains the development of agricultural sector entities. The necessity of settlement of economic relations between subjects of agrarian business is substantiated. Excessive interference of the state executive power in the process of regulating such relations is outlined. Measures for free circulation of capital in the field of agricultural market are proposed.

Conclusions. The investment strategy formation of agribusiness entities occurs taking into account their profitability and financial and economic condition. Attracting investments helps to improve the results of their activities and increase the level of competitiveness.

Key words: agrarian business entities, investments, investment attractiveness, financial leasing, agricultural products.
Peculiarities of neuroregulatory mechanisms of adaptation under alcohol dependence (experimental study)
Authors: Berchenko Olga , Titkova Anna , Shlyakhova Anna , Veselovska Olena , Prikhodko Olena
Published: July 2021

Neurophysiological and biochemical markers of alcohol dependence were identified in a study conducted in laboratory rats at the systemic and molecular levels. It has been shown that long-term alcohol consumption is accompanied by an increase in dopamine levels in the ventral tegmental area and a decrease in GABA and BDNF levels in the hippocampus and serum and leads to attenuation of neocortex control of the limbic emotional-motivational system of the brain. Disturbance of the mechanisms of structural and functional organization of wake-sleep processes and regulation of emotional reactions, which is reflected in the suppression of slow-wave sleep, reduction of paradoxical sleep, inhibition of positive emotional centers, the development of anxiety and depression have been determined. Key words: alcohol dependence, sleep-wake, anxiety, depression, catecholamines, GABA, BDNF
Efficacy of Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced and Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: A real life experience and outcome from a tertiary referral centre.
Authors: Yasmeen Samia , Shaukat Sabah , Arshad Farah , Badar Farhana , Saeed Kazmi Syed Ather , Ahmad Usman
Published: July 2021

Introduction: To report response rate, progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer treated with different available chemotherapeutic regimens over ten years. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective observational study. All patients with locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan, from January 2008 to December 2017 were studied. Data were collected from the hospital information system. The characteristics and outcomes of all the patients were analyzed. Progression-free survival and overall survival were also estimated. Kaplan Meier curves and Log-rank test were applied, and SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis. Results: Eighty-seven (87) subjects with a median age of 56 years (range 21-76) were included. Sixty-two (71%) subjects were male. The most common tumor location was the head of the pancreas in 46(53%) of all the subjects. Sixty-three (72%) subjects had elevated CA-19.9 values. About 47(54%) subjects had locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC), and 40(46%) subjects had metastatic pancreatic cancer (MPC). Chemotherapy regimens used were FOLFIRINOX in 23(26%), gemcitabine-based 66(65%) and capecitabine-based in 8 (9%) of the subjects.  One (1%) subject had a complete response (CR), 12(14%) had a partial response (PR), 10 (11%) had stable disease, and 59(68%) of the subjects had progressive disease (PD). The objective response rate (ORR) was 15%, and the disease control rate (DCR) was 26%. In MPC, the ORR was 10%, DCR was 18%, and tumor progression was seen in 72% of the patients, while in LAPC, the ORR was 19.1, DCR 34% and tumor progression was documented in 64% of the patients, respectively. The FOLFIRNOX chemotherapy regimen had better ORR, DCR and lesser number of progressions as compared to Gemcitabine and Capecitabine based chemotherapy regimens. The Median PFS of the whole group was 32-weeks, and the median OS was 54-weeks. The PFS was significantly higher for LAPC (39 weeks) as compared to the MPC group (25 weeks) (p=0.028). There was no statistically significant difference between the OS of these 2 groups (p=0.451). In addition, PFS was significantly higher with FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy as compared to the other chemotherapy regimens. Regarding OS, there was no statistically significant difference among all chemotherapy regimen groups (p=0.267). Conclusion: Based on our results, FOLFIRINOX remained the most effective chemotherapy regimen despite the dose modifications and toxicities in all groups, indicating that modified FOLFIRINOX could be considered as a first-line regimen in south East Asian population.
Develando Terra Incognita. Una búsqueda arqueológica de las primeras ocupaciones humanas en los salares de Infieles y Pedernales (3000-4100 msnm, 25°-26°S), Región de Atacama, Chile
Authors: López Mendoza Patricio Gonzalo , Carrasco González Carlos , Loyola Muñoz Rodrigo , Flores-Aqueveque Valentina , Santana-Sagredo Francisca , Maldonado Castro Antonio , Martínez Rivera Ismael
Published: July 2021

Se presentan los resultados de prospecciones superficiales realizadas en los salares de Infieles (25°S-69°O) y Pedernales (26°S-69°O) en la Región de Atacama (Chile), en cotas de altitud que van desde los ca. 3000 a 4100 msnm. Ambas prospecciones, en zonas que conectan directamente al Norte Árido con el Semiárido, forman parte de un programa de evaluación de áreas con potenciales ocupaciones humanas durante la transición Pleistoceno-Holoceno y fueron dirigidas a sectores específicos como terrazas fluviales, abanicos aluviales, humedales y playas de salares. La variabilidad del registro arqueológico se discute en el marco de la secuencia prehispánica e histórica regional, y en particular, en el contexto de las primeras ocupaciones humanas en ambos salares. Palabras clave: Pleistoceno-Holoceno; Prospección; Salares australes; Región de Atacama.
Perancangan Komik Tentang Menjaga Identitas Kebangsaan bagi Komunitas Weeaboo Milenial di Indonesia
Authors: Ardandireza Lukas , Mataram Sayid
Published: July 2021

Kebudayaan adalah salah satu aspek penting dalam identitas bangsa Indonesia. Namun dewasa ini arus globalisasi yang begitu pesat mengakibatkan begitu mudahnya budaya asing untuk merasuk ke sendi-sendi bangsa. Salah satunya adalah kebudayaan Jepang. Budaya Jepang ini dibawa oleh beberapa produk media budaya populer Jepang yaitu diantaranya anime serta manga. Rasa tertarik terhadap produk asing, khususnya  anime dan manga, mempengaruhi rasa memiliki identitas bangsanya. Saat ini di Indonesia telah lahir generasi Phi di era millenial yang merupakan generasi penggerak sekaligus pengubah hingga 50 tahun ke depan. Generasi tersebut sangat mudah terpengaruh oleh perkembangan trend global daripada generasi sebelumnya. Kecenderungan perilaku negatif telah muncul dengan adanya komunitas weeaboo sebagai bentuk ekstrim dari perilaku penggemar budaya Jepang. Sehingga dibutuhkan upaya mempertahankan dan menjaga identitas bangsa Indonesia dikalangan generasi milenial. Bukan tidak mungkin identitas bangsa Indonesia suatu saat akan tergerus dan luntur. Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana menjaga identitas kebangsaan bagi komunitas weeaboo milenial di Indonesia serta menciptakan media yang digunakan untuk menyampaikan pesan-pesan guna menjaga identitas bangsa tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjaga identitas bangsa dari pengaruh ekstrim budaya asing di Indonesia. Penelitian kualitatif deskriptif ini menggunakan pendekatan semiotika visual untuk menciptakan media komik. Media komik merupakan media yang relevan dikonsumsi oleh komunitas weeaboo sehingga media tersebut efektif sebagai media perancangan. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu meskipun para weeaboo merupakan penggamar ekstrim budaya Jepang yang bahkan menganggap budaya Jepang lebih baik daripada budayanya sendiri, namun tidak menutup kemungkinan hal itu bisa diantisipasi dengan adanya upaya menjaga identitas bangsa mereka.

Kata Kunci: Komik, Generasi millenial, Weeaboo, Identitas bangsa
Design and Implementation of Line Follower Arduino Mobile Robot Using Matlab Simulink Toolbox
Authors: Alwan Mazin , Green Anwar , Noori Abdulazez , Aldair Ammar
Published: July 2021

The main problem of line follower robot is how to make the mobile robot follows a desired path (which is a line drawn on the floor) smoothly and accurately in shortest time. In this paper, the design and implementation of a complex line follower mission is presented by using Matlab Simulink toolbox. The motion of mobile robot on the complex path is simulated by using the Robot Simulator which is programed in Matlab to design and test the performance of the proposed line follower algorithm and the designed PID controller. Due to the complexity of selection the parameters of PID controller, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm are used to select and tune the parameters of designed PID controller. Five Infrared Ray (IR) sensors are used to collect the information about the location of mobile robot with respect to the desired path (black line). Depending on the collected information, the steering angle of the mobile robot will be controlled to maintain the robot on the desired path by controlling the speed of actuators (two DC motors). The obtained simulation results show that, the motion of mobile robot is still stable even the complex maneuver is performed. The hardware design of the robot system is perform by using the Arduino Mobile Robot (AMR). The Simulink Support Package for Arduino and control system toolbox are used to program the AMR. The practical results show that the performances of real mobile robot are exactly the same of the performances of simulated mobile robot.
IDENTIFYING AND PRIORITIZING THE SELECTION CRITERIA OF APPROPRIATE REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE METHODS FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
Authors: Tamošaitienė Jolanta , Sarvari Hadi , Cristofaro Matteo , Chan Daniel W. M.
Published: July 2021

All buildings require Repair and Maintenance (R&M) in their life cycle period. However, if R&M activities are not carried out properly, deterioration will occur, service life of buildings will be reduced, and maintenance costs will increase. Hence, selecting the appropriate R&M methods is pivotal, especially for developing countries, such as Iran, which are featured by highly constrained resources. The present study aims to identify and prioritize the main criteria for selecting the suitable R&M methods for Commercial Buildings (CBs), which is considered as a profound challenge for the Architecture, Engineering and Construction/Facility Management (AEC/FM) industry. A total of 20 senior experts in the AEC/FM industry and CBs in Iran were invited to participate in a Delphi survey to solicit their perceptions and opinions on the selection criteria. The total number of individual criteria identified is 16, which are further divided into five categories: human resources, flexibility and technical capability, risks, cost of maintenance, together with facilities and technology. Then, the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) technique was applied to prioritize the identified criteria. Among the 5 main selection criteria, the cost of maintenance is the most important criterion for selecting appropriate R&M methods for CBs whereas the criterion of human resources (HR) was recognized as the least important.
The Effect of the Angular Momentum in the Formation and Evolution of Low Surface Brightness Galaxies
Authors: Salinas Vicente H. , Galaz Gaspar
Published: July 2021

Using observed data from the literature, we compare in one single publication the angular momentum (AM) of low surface brightness galaxies (LSBGs), with that of high surface brightness galaxies (HSBGs), a comparison that either is currently spread across many unconnected references, or simply does not exist. Partly because of the subject, this has received little attention outside the realm of simulations. We use previous results of the stellar specific AM j
* from the SPARC database containing Spitzer 3.6 μm photometry and accurate H i rotation curves from Lelli et al. using a sample of 38 LSBGs and 82 HSBGs. We do this with the objective of comparing both galaxy populations, finding that LSBGs are higher in the Fall relation by about 0.174 dex. Additionally, we apply and test different masses and formation models to estimate the spin parameter λ, which quantifies the rotation obtained from the tidal torque theory, finding no clear evidence of a difference in the spin of LSBGs and HSBGs under a classic disk formation model that assumes the ratio (f

j
) between j
* and the specific AM of the halo is ∼1. In another respect, by using the biased collapse model, where f

j
depends on the star formation efficiency, it was found that LSBGs clearly show higher spin values, having an average spin of ∼2 times the average spin of HSBGs. This latter result is consistent with those obtained from simulations by Dalcanton et al.
Thermodynamic Evolution of Solar Flare Supra-arcade Downflows
Authors: Li Z. F. , Cheng X. , Ding M. D. , Reeves Katharine K. , Kittrell DeOndre , Weber Mark , McKenzie David E.
Published: July 2021

Solar flares are rapid energy release phenomena that appear as bright ribbons in the chromosphere and high temperature loops in the corona, respectively. Supra-arcade Downflows (SADs) are plasma voids that first come out above the flare loops and then move quickly toward the flare loop top during the decay phase of the flare. In our work, we study 20 SADs appearing in three flares. By differential emission measure (DEM) analysis, we calculate the DEM weighted average temperature and emission measure of the front region and the main body of SADs. It is found that the temperatures of the SAD front and body tend to increase during the course of SADs flowing downwards. The relationship between the pressure and temperature fits well with the adiabatic equation for both the SAD front and body, suggesting that the heating of SADs is mainly caused by adiabatic compression. Moreover, we also estimate the velocities of SADs via the Fourier Local Correlation Tracking method and find that increase of the temperature of the SAD front presents a correlation with the decrease of the SAD kinetic energy, while the SAD body does not, implying that the viscous process may also heat the SAD front in spite of a limited role.
Pre-/Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms of Qanun Defendants: A Case Report
Authors: Dian Cut N. , Efffendy Elmeida , Amin Mustafa M.
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: Caning sentence has been applied for over a decade which is performed publicly. Given that emotional features of the defendants of the caning sentence occur, psychological symptoms may have emerged. One of the executions for the defendants is whipping practice that resembles military punishment, in which the penalty could have affected their personality pre and post-execution.

CASE REPORT: In this report, a 30-year-old married woman was sentenced to Qanun criminal offense in Aceh due to her despicable relationship to a male individual who is also a husband of someone. As the caning regulation stated that the punishment execution must be performed through whipping in public places, the women demonstrated several mental conditions such as anxiety, sleeping disorders, and unmotivated in the last 3 days before execution.

CONCLUSION: Caning practice in Aceh is performed by following the guidance from a medical doctor to prevent unexpected physical damage; however, psychological symptoms that could last for several years in the future might have occurred. Thus, a high prevalence of mental disorders has appeared among the defendants.
Prolonged Indwelling Foley Catheter Use in Post-operative Gynecology Patient Associated with an Increased Incidence of Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Ardiansyah Edy , Lubis Arvitamuriany Triyanthi , Syahputra Mohammad Iman
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the common conditions and significantly contributes to expensive health treatment and associated with gynecological surgery which increases the cases up to 50% in women undergoing specific reconstructive procedures. Besides that, one indicator of surgical quality was post-operative UTI occurrence.

AIM: This study aims to assess the relationship between Foley catheter usage and UTIs after gynecological surgery with a urinary catheter.

METHODS: A total of 48 subjects examined at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital, and Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, from June to September 2020. Subjects were performed urinalysis 8 days after surgery, or earlier if UTI symptoms occur. Personal data and illness data were taken from medical records. Statistical analysis was done using the Chi-square-based test.

RESULTS: There was a significant difference of urine leukocytes in subjects with indwelled catheter for 24–36 h compared to subjects with 36–48 h of catheterization (p = 0.01). The 36–48 h group has a 2.15 odds of developing UTI compared to 24–36 h group (p = 0.01).

CONCLUSION: This study found that prolonged indwelling Foley catheter usage may increase the risk of UTI after gynecology surgery.
Characteristic Quality of Life Children with Rheumatic Heart Disease
Authors: Marpaung Lilis Nurhayati Sinta Marito , Tobing Tina Christina Lumban , Saragih Rina Amalia Caromina
Published: July 2021

Background: Rheumatic heart disease is an acquired disease that has characterized damaged valve and it effects the quality of life in children.
Aim: To asses quality of life in patient with rheumatic heart disease by using Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) instrument at pediatric cardiologist.
Methods: A descriptive study with cross sectional study conduct among children aged 5 to 18 years old attend the Pediatric Cardiology at Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan, from 2016 to 2018.
Result: A hundred children with rheumatic heart disease in this study who had affected quality of life-based on group age with 5 to 7 year old in physical function was 6 subjects (85.7%), social function was 1 subject (14.2%), and school function was 2 subjects (28.5%) (Table 3); group age with 8 to 12 year old in physical function was 100 subjects (100%), emotional function was 3 subjects (3%), social function was 1 subject (3%), and school function was 5 subjects (15.1%); group aged 13 to 18 year old in physical function was 60 subjects (100%), emotional function was 1 subject (16.7%), and school function was 51 subjects (85%).
Conclusion: From 100 children with RHD dominant in group aged 13-18 years old and male, mal malnutrition status, using of erythromycin, high senior school of level parents’ education, and valve disorder was mitral regurgitation. The quality of life was affected in all age groups, especially in the domain of physical function, and school functions with RHD.
Quand la transition se fige, quand l’adolescence s’éternise…
Authors: Peiffer Christine , Camps François-David
Published: July 2021

Les conduites à risque chez les adultes évoquent les recherches aux limites chez les adolescents, dans leur processus de subjectivation. Si la recherche des sensations en lieu et place des affects court-circuite l’élaboration mentale, elle est par définition transitoire, liée au remaniement pubertaire. Quand les agirs s’ancrent dans la répétition et dans le temps, ils peuvent témoigner de traumatismes cherchant à s’élaborer. L’exemple d’un sportif de l’extrême, qui a subi de nombreux deuils et qui récidive dans la prise de risques, potentiellement mortels, vient soutenir cette hypothèse, éprouvée par des tests projectifs. Il montre aussi comment l’évolution s’opère, dans une quête du maternel permettant la restauration après la destruction.
L’écriture hospitalière, ou La Vie sauve
Authors: Traisnel Florence
Published: July 2021

La Vie sauve , écrit à quatre mains par Lydie Violet et Marie Desplechin, est étonnamment le récit autobiographique, que prend en charge un seul « Je », de l’expérience singulière de Lydie Violet, atteinte d’une maladie incurable. Partant d’un tel constat, c’est la nature profondément hospitalière de l’écriture desplechienne qui s’en trouve révélée, ce que montre tout particulièrement l’examen de cet ouvrage à la lumière de quelques concepts phares de la pensée de Deleuze et Guattari. Dans La Vie sauve , il est en effet d’abord et avant tout question de l’odyssée hospitalière de Lydie Violet, déterritorialisée corporellement et socialement par le cancer, ayant pris ses quartiers dans son cerveau et l’expulsant de la majorité des bien-portants. Et c’est pour mieux accompagner son amie que Desplechin l’entraîne dans un projet de co-écriture, où les voix de l’une et de l’autre se confondent en un « Je » pluriel, hôte à l’expérience de Lydie Violet. Le succès de l’entreprise est tel que, lors de sa réédition en 2006, le livre, couronné prix Médicis essai 2005, héberge désormais les voix de nombreux lecteurs touchés par ce témoignage, confirmant, par ce devenir-hôte, l’hospitalité de la plume de Marie Desplechin.
Sales and Markup Dispersion: Theory and Empirics
Authors: Mrázová Monika , Neary J. Peter , Parenti Mathieu
Published: July 2021

We characterize the relationship between the distributions of two variables linked by a structural model. We then show that, in models of heterogeneous firms in monopolistic competition, this relationship implies a new demand function that we call “CREMR” (Constant Revenue Elasticity of Marginal Revenue). This demand function is the only one that is consistent with productivity and sales distributions having the same form (whether Pareto, lognormal, or Fréchet) in the cross section, and it is necessary and sufficient for Gibrat's Law to hold over time. Among the applications we consider, we use our methodology to characterize misallocation across firms; we derive the distribution of markups implied by any assumptions on demand and productivity; and we show empirically that CREMR‐based markup distributions provide an excellent parsimonious fit to Indian firm‐level data, which in turn allows us to calculate the proportion of firms that are of suboptimal size in the market equilibrium.
Recovering Preferences From Finite Data
Authors: Chambers Christopher P. , Echenique Federico , Lambert Nicolas S.
Published: July 2021

We study preferences estimated from finite choice experiments and provide sufficient conditions for convergence to a unique underlying “true” preference. Our conditions are weak and, therefore, valid in a wide range of economic environments. We develop applications to expected utility theory, choice over consumption bundles, and menu choice. Our framework unifies the revealed preference tradition with models that allow for errors.
Paolo Caccia Dominioni’s work for the Italian embassy at Ankara
Authors: Pallini Cristina , Scaramuzzi Armando
Published: July 2021

Based on research carried out at the Caccia Dominioni family archive, this contribution tells the intriguing story of the Italian Embassy at Ankara (1938-1940), a project involving Paolo Vietti Violi (1882-1965), Florestano di Fausto (1890-1965) and Paolo Caccia Dominioni (1896-1992). The main point of our paper is assessing Caccia Dominioni’s role, from a construction manager to the author of a “variant” which actually introduced a completely new layout. He was working at the site from April 1938 to 1940, running day-to-day operations, taking care of the financial management, hiring and looking after workers, maintaining official relations with Italian and Turkish authorities, supervising the supply of materials, and developing Di Fausto’s drawings, which arrived rarely and mostly incomplete. Caccia Dominioni’s “variant” introduced a completely new layout, resulting from a thorough understanding of the landscape potential, fully exploiting the opportunities provided by the diagonally sloping ground. Rather than a single group of monumental buildings, Caccia Dominioni envisaged a variety of structures, each dedicated to a specific function, sized and shaped accordingly. Altogether, the Embassy looked like a village, a “city within a city” so common for foreign legations in the Levant.
Histoire du taoïsme et des religions chinoises
Authors: Goossaert Vincent
Published: July 2021

La conférence commencée dans les salles de cours de la MSH a basculé en ligne à la mi‑mars du fait de la pandémie, et a continué ainsi jusque fin mai, avec une audience stable. Elle a été essentiellement consacrée en 2019‑2020 à étudier les textes par lesquels les taoïstes présentent de façon synthétique leur religion tant à leurs disciples qu’à des laïcs convaincus ou non, en se centrant sur les périodes prémodernes et modernes (depuis les Song jusqu’au début du xxe siècle). L’enjeu était de cerner ce que les taoïstes eux-mêmes identifient comme étant l’essentiel de leur tradition, par contraste avec les définitions qui ont circulé dans les milieux lettrés d’abord (textes légaux, essais dans les histoires locales) et académiques ensuite. Une quantité considérable de textes taoïstes ont circulé dans le monde chinois à ces époques, dont une partie est disponible dans les collections de réimpressions récentes, mais seule une infime proportion a jusqu’à présent attiré l’attention des chercheurs.
Transferts religieux en Méditerranée antique :Levant, Chypre, Égée, Italie
Authors: Petit Thierry
Published: July 2021

Programme des conférences : 1. « La religion des royaumes cypriotes entre Levant, Égypte et Égée. I. Phénomènes religieux et naissance des royaumes (époque géométrique) » ; 2. « La religion des royaumes cypriotes entre Levant, Égypte et Égée. II. Les transferts religieux dans les royaumes cypriotes (époques archaïque et classique) » ; 3. « Le sphinx‑chérubin en Méditerranée. I. Du Levant à l’Égée » ; 4. « Le sphinx-chérubin en Méditerranée. II. De l’Égée à Rome ».
Religions de l’Iran ancien : études zoroastriennes
Authors: Azarnouche Samra
Published: July 2021

Le séminaire de cette année qui poursuit les travaux sur le livre du Dēnkard amorcés l’an dernier s’est divisé en deux parties : la première, qui a occupé le premier semestre, a été structurée en plusieurs sessions thématiques, tandis que la seconde a été consacrée, tout au long du second semestre, à la lecture et l’interprétation des parties inédites du Dēnkard IV.
Religions de Rome et du monde romain
Authors: Prescendi Morresi Francesca
Published: July 2021

La conférence 2019-2020 a été l’occasion de poser les bases de mon enseignement à l’EPHE, que j’ai choisi cette année de répartir en deux parties. D’un côté, je me suis concentrée sur l’analyse d’un concept de base de la culture romaine, la religio. De l’autre, j’ai voulu commencer le programme de recherche qui occupera mes prochaines années, c’est‑à‑dire une réflexion sur la hiérarchie divine et les « petites divinités » du panthéon romain. La première thématique m’a permis d’entrer en matière sur un concept fondamental non seulement pour la religion romaine, mais aussi pour l’histoire des religions, et d’exposer ma méthode de travail anthropologique et basée sur une lecture contextualisée des sources. La deuxième m’a donné la possibilité de discuter des dossiers qui, tout en étant au cœur de l’analyse du polythéisme, ont un écho dans les préoccupations écologiques actuelles, puisque l’étude des petites divinités a débuté par une recherche des dieux préposés à la croissance des céréales et à l’agriculture.
Citer, collecter : florilèges et citations d’auteurs patristiques dans les controverses doctrinales
Authors: Cassin Matthieu
Published: July 2021

Les conférences de cette année ont été consacrées à l’étude de l’émergence d’un phénomène essentiel dans l’évolution de la théologie chrétienne dans l’Antiquité : le recours à des groupes de citations d’autorité dans l’argumentation, et en particulier dans le contexte des controverses doctrinales. La première séance a proposé une présentation d’ensemble de l’objet, de ses conditions d’émergence et des méthodes appliquées pour l’étudier, tandis que pendant le reste du semestre, les conférences ont porté sur l’étude chronologique des premières attestations d’usage groupé de citations dans un contexte doctrinal chrétien (Athanase, Basile de Césarée, Évagre, Cyrille d’Alexandrie, Jean Cassien).
Le mariage en Orient. Tradition et modernisation
Authors: Heyberger Bernard
Published: July 2021

L’année 2019-2020, qui a été notre dernière année d’enseignement, a été grandement perturbée par les grèves, puis par le confinement dû au COVID. Après une interruption des cours en mars et en avril, quelques séances se sont déroulées par internet. La dernière séance a été consacrée à un résumé de notre parcours intellectuel depuis la création de la chaire et notre élection en 2004.
Construire la communauté des croyants.Identité et transmission aux débuts de l’islam
Authors: Dye Guillaume
Published: July 2021

Guillaume Dye a donné une série de quatre téléconférences en tant que directeur d’études invité, les lundis 8, 15, 22 et 29 juin, sur le thème « Construire la communauté des croyants. Identité et transmission aux débuts de l’islam ».
La prophétie chez Avicenne : perspectives psychologique, éthique et politique
Authors: Sebti Meryem
Published: July 2021

Au cours de l’année 2019-2020, les conférences ont été consacrées à l’étude de la dimension politique et éthique de la prophétologie d’Avicenne. Cette dernière – dans sa dimension éthique et politique – ne prend son entière mesure que si elle se comprend dans la métaphysique qui la porte.
L’évolution du thème de l’amour divin dans la mystique sunnite ancienne (iie-ve siècles AH)
Authors: Lory Pierre
Published: July 2021

Le séminaire de l’année, à la suite de celui de l’année 2018‑2019, s’est attaché à tracer les contours des emplois des termes « aimer » et « amour » dans les textes mystiques des premiers siècles de l’ère hégirienne. Plus que tout autre élément du lexique des mystiques, celui-ci inclut une forme de réciprocité qui permet d’approcher au mieux le lien intime entre le croyant et son Dieu ; et comment de la simple piété, de la dévotion commune, surgit peu à peu une sensibilité et une expérience plus intense. On constate que chez les mystiques anciens, l’idée de l’amour est fortement articulée sur celle d’obéissance : aimer ce que Dieu veut, détester ce qu’Il désapprouve. Puis cette idée prend une ampleur dépassant le simple rapport maître/serviteur, pour exprimer une élection tout à fait particulière. Dans les textes les plus tardifs, on voit apparaître l’idée de l’amour comme force cosmique, énergie divine conduisant à la création de tout l’univers.
Formation des doctrines juridiques et du rituel en islam (du VIIe au XVe siècle)
Authors: Benkheira Mohammed Hocine
Published: July 2021

Au cours de cette année, nous avons poursuivi l’étude de la casuistique du jeûne de ramaḍān, en particulier les questions autour du calendrier du jeûne. Nous avons abordé principalement deux grands problèmes : 1° le Coran et le problème du calendrier du jeûne de ramaḍān ; 2° le jour du doute (yawm al‑šakk).
Les règles de construction des dieux aztèques
Authors: Dehouve Danièle
Published: July 2021

L’année scolaire 2019-2020 a été la sixième consacrée à la représentation des dieux aztèques. Elle a été écourtée en raison de la situation sanitaire et n’a comporté que six séances et une journée d’études.
¿El neoliberalismo nace y muere en Chile? Reflexiones sobre el 18-O desde perspectivas feministas
Authors: Hiner Hillary , López Ana , Badilla Manuela
Published: July 2021

Chile no sólo es uno de los países más neoliberales del mundo, además fue laboratorio en el que se gestó y probó este sistema económico, vía la llegada de los “Chicago Boys” a puestos claves durante la dictadura encabezada por Pinochet. Desde octubre de 2019, el país ha sido escenario de un movimiento inédito en el mundo que desafía este modelo desde sus raíces, llamado el “18-O”. En este artículo proponemos que las narrativas anti-neoliberales de estudiantes y feministas en Chile, desde el año 2011 en adelante, han sido fundamentales en el cuestionamiento y la crisis del modelo neoliberal, disputando principalmente las formas de entender la democracia neoliberal y, simultáneamente, proponiendo conceptualizaciones y prácticas alternativas. Ocuparemos análisis de entrevistas y grupos de discusión, hechos con estudiantes y profesionales feministas entre los años 2019 y 2020, para explorar estas narrativas anti-neoliberales y sus conexiones con los feminismos. Nuestro argumento es, justamente, que el poder y la potencia de los feminismos anti-neoliberales, en sus teorías y sus prácticas, nos permiten imaginar mejores y más democráticos futuros.  No obstante, también nos preguntamos por los límites y los conflictos dentro de los feminismos.  En este artículo nos centramos en las tensiones entre feministas y partidos políticos, y lo complejo de pensar esto en relación a la coalición política del Frente Amplio.
The Case of Organizational Innovation Capability and Health Information Technology Implementation Success
Authors: Parthasarathy Rangarajan , Garfield Monica , Rangarajan Anuradha , Kern Justin L.
Published: July 2021

Organizational innovation capability is defined as the ability to continuously transform knowledge and ideas into new products, processes and systems for the benefit of an organization and its stakeholders. This study examines the relationship between the innovation capability of healthcare organizations and their ability to successfully implement electronic medical records (EMR), a health information technology (HIT) innovation. Data was collected using a cross-sectional survey and structural equation modeling (SEM) method was used to analyze the data. Results demonstrate that organizational product innovation capability positively affects EMR implementation success. A positive relationship also exists between organizational process innovation capability and EMR implementation success. This study is one of the first to empirically validate the relationship between healthcare organization’s innovation capability and HIT innovation implementation success, in the context of EMRs. Implications of the study for the academic and industry practitioner are discussed.
Promoting Mobile Health Adoption to Hospital Patients Through Social Influencers
Authors: Lee Daisy , Chong Gary C.H.
Published: July 2021

Mobile health (mHealth) plays a key role in improving healthcare interventions by engaging patients in healthcare management. Still, there is a paucity of empirical studies on the extent to which mHealth adoption could be effectively promoted via social influencers (clinicians, caretakers or other patients) who have shown to significantly influence health-related behaviors of patients. A multi-group analysis of 253 hospital patients revealed that while social influencers have a strong influence on mHealth adoption, the effect only exists among patients who have high hospital usage. Even so, the positive relationship between technology-related factors including perceived quality of mHealth interventions and opinion on mHealth, patients’ personal motivation to adoption, and patients’ adoption intention is not affected by their hospital usage frequency. Insights on forward-looking recommendations and practical implications on mHealth promotion are highlighted.