bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Capsids to Complexes: Expanding the Role of TRIM5α in the Restriction of Divergent RNA Viruses and Elements
Authors: Rose Kevin M. , Spada Stephanie J. , Broeckel Rebecca , McNally Kristin L. , Hirsch Vanessa M. , Best Sonja M. , Bouamr Fadila
Published: March 2021

An evolutionary arms race has been ongoing between retroviruses and their primate hosts for millions of years. Within the last century, a zoonotic transmission introduced the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1), a retrovirus, to the human population that has claimed the lives of millions of individuals and is still infecting over a million people every year. To counteract retroviruses such as this, primates including humans have evolved an innate immune sensor for the retroviral capsid lattice known as TRIM5α. Although the molecular basis for its ability to restrict retroviruses is debated, it is currently accepted that TRIM5α forms higher-order assemblies around the incoming retroviral capsid that are not only disruptive for the virus lifecycle, but also trigger the activation of an antiviral state. More recently, it was discovered that TRIM5α restriction is broader than previously thought because it restricts not only the human retroelement LINE-1, but also the tick-borne flaviviruses, an emergent group of RNA viruses that have vastly different strategies for replication compared to retroviruses. This review focuses on the underlying mechanisms of TRIM5α-mediated restriction of retroelements and flaviviruses and how they differ from the more widely known ability of TRIM5α to restrict retroviruses.
HERV-K Gag RNA and Protein Levels Are Elevated in Malignant Regions of the Prostate in Males with Prostate Cancer
Authors: Rezaei Simin D. , Hayward Joshua A. , Norden Sam , Pedersen John , Mills John , Hearps Anna C. , Tachedjian Gilda
Published: March 2021

Heightened expression of human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) sequences has been associated with a range of malignancies, including prostate cancer, suggesting that they may serve as useful diagnostic or prognostic cancer biomarkers. We analysed the expression of HERV-K (Gag and Env/Np9 regions), HERV-E 4.1 (Pol and Env regions), HERV-H (Pol) and HERV-W (Gag) sequences in prostate cancer cells lines and normal prostate epithelial cells using qRT-PCR. HERV expression was also analysed in matched malignant and benign prostate tissue samples from men with prostate cancer (n = 27, median age 65.2 years (range 47–70)) and compared to prostate cancer-free male controls (n = 11). Prostate cancer epithelial cell lines exhibited a signature of HERV RNA overexpression, with all HERVs analysed, except HERV-E Pol, showing heightened expression in at least two, but more commonly all, cell lines analysed. Analysis of primary prostate material indicated increased expression of HERV-E Pol but decreased expression of HERV-E Env in both malignant and benign regions of the prostate in men with prostate cancer as compared to those without. Expression of HERV-K Gag was significantly higher in malignant regions of the prostate in men with prostate cancer as compared to matched benign regions and prostate cancer-free men (p < 0.001 for both), with 85.2% of prostate cancers donors showing malignancy-associated upregulation of HERV-K Gag RNA. HERV-K Gag protein was detected in 12/18 (66.7%) malignant tissues using immunohistochemistry, but only 1/18 (5.6%) benign tissue sections. Heightened expression of HERV-K Gag RNA and protein appears to be a sensitive and specific biomarker of prostate malignancy in this cohort of men with prostate carcinoma, supporting its potential utility as a non-invasive, adjunct clinical biomarker.
Correction: Boyd, P.S., et al. NMR Studies of Retroviral Genome Packaging. Viruses 2020, 12, 1115
Authors: Boyd Patricia , Brown Janae , Brown Joshua , Catazaro Jonathan , Chaudry Issac , Ding Pengfei , Dong Xinmei , Marchant Jan , O’Hern Colin , Singh Karndeep , Swanson Canessa , Summers Michael , Yasin Saif
Published: March 2021

There was an error in the original article [...]
Discovery of RSV-Induced BRD4 Protein Interactions Using Native Immunoprecipitation and Parallel Accumulation—Serial Fragmentation (PASEF) Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Mann Morgan , Roberts David S. , Zhu Yanlong , Li Yi , Zhou Jia , Ge Ying , Brasier Allan R.
Published: March 2021

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) causes severe inflammation and airway pathology in children and the elderly by infecting the epithelial cells of the upper and lower respiratory tract. RSV replication is sensed by intracellular pattern recognition receptors upstream of the IRF and NF-κB transcription factors. These proteins coordinate an innate inflammatory response via Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), a protein that functions as a scaffold for unknown transcriptional regulators. To better understand the pleiotropic regulatory function of BRD4, we examine the BRD4 interactome and identify how RSV infection dynamically alters it. To accomplish these goals, we leverage native immunoprecipitation and Parallel Accumulation—Serial Fragmentation (PASEF) mass spectrometry to examine BRD4 complexes isolated from human alveolar epithelial cells in the absence or presence of RSV infection. In addition, we explore the role of BRD4’s acetyl-lysine binding bromodomains in mediating these interactions by using a highly selective competitive bromodomain inhibitor. We identify 101 proteins that are significantly enriched in the BRD4 complex and are responsive to both RSV-infection and BRD4 inhibition. These proteins are highly enriched in transcription factors and transcriptional coactivators. Among them, we identify members of the AP1 transcription factor complex, a complex important in innate signaling and cell stress responses. We independently confirm the BRD4/AP1 interaction in primary human small airway epithelial cells. We conclude that BRD4 recruits multiple transcription factors during RSV infection in a manner dependent on acetyl-lysine binding domain interactions. This data suggests that BRD4 recruits transcription factors to target its RNA processing complex to regulate gene expression in innate immunity and inflammation.
Correlates of Vaccine-Induced Protection against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Koch Till , Mellinghoff Sibylle C. , Shamsrizi Parichehr , Addo Marylyn M. , Dahlke Christine
Published: March 2021

We are in the midst of a pandemic caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 has caused more than two million deaths after one year of the pandemic. The world is experiencing a deep economic recession. Safe and effective vaccines are needed to prevent further morbidity and mortality. Vaccine candidates against COVID-19 have been developed at an unprecedented speed, with more than 200 vaccine candidates currently under investigation. Among those, 20 candidates have entered the clinical Phase 3 to evaluate efficacy, and three have been approved by the European Medicines Agency. The aim of immunization is to act against infection, disease and/or transmission. However, the measurement of vaccine efficacy is challenging, as efficacy trials need to include large cohorts with verum and placebo cohorts. In the future, this will be even more challenging as further vaccine candidates will receive approval, an increasing number of humans will receive vaccinations and incidence might decrease. To evaluate novel and second-generation vaccine candidates, randomized placebo-controlled trials might not be appropriate anymore. Correlates of protection (CoP) could be an important tool to evaluate novel vaccine candidates, but vaccine-induced CoP have not been clearly defined for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. In this review, we report on immunogenicity against natural SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccine-induced immune responses and discuss immunological markers that can be linked to protection. By discussing the immunogenicity and efficacy of forerunner vaccines, we aim to give a comprehensive overview of possible efficacy measures and CoP.
Immunogenicity of HIV-1-Based Virus-Like Particles with Increased Incorporation and Stability of Membrane-Bound Env
Authors: Gonelli Christopher A. , King Hannah A. D. , Mackenzie Charlene , Sonza Secondo , Center Rob J. , Purcell Damian F. J.
Published: March 2021

An optimal prophylactic vaccine to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) transmission should elicit protective antibody responses against the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env). Replication-incompetent HIV-1 virus-like particles (VLPs) offer the opportunity to present virion-associated Env with a native-like structure during vaccination that closely resembles that encountered on infectious virus. Here, we optimized the incorporation of Env into previously designed mature-form VLPs (mVLPs) and assessed their immunogenicity in mice. The incorporation of Env into mVLPs was increased by replacing the Env transmembrane and cytoplasmic tail domains with those of influenza haemagglutinin (HA-TMCT). Furthermore, Env was stabilized on the VLP surface by introducing an interchain disulfide and proline substitution (SOSIP) mutations typically employed to stabilize soluble Env trimers. The resulting mVLPs efficiently presented neutralizing antibody epitopes while minimizing exposure of non-neutralizing antibody sites. Vaccination of mice with mVLPs elicited a broader range of Env-specific antibody isotypes than Env presented on immature VLPs or extracellular vesicles. The mVLPs bearing HA-TMCT-modified Env consistently induced anti-Env antibody responses that mediated modest neutralization activity. These mVLPs are potentially useful immunogens for eliciting neutralizing antibody responses that target native Env epitopes on infectious HIV-1 virions.
Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Impact in Global Vaccination Programs against SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19
Authors: Gómez Carmen Elena , Perdiguero Beatriz , Esteban Mariano
Published: March 2021

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants in different continents is causing a major concern in human global health. These variants have in common a higher transmissibility, becoming dominant within populations in a short time, and an accumulation of a high number of mutations in the spike (S) protein, especially within the amino terminal domain (NTD) and the receptor binding domain (RBD). These mutations have direct implications on virus infection rates through higher affinity of S RBD for the cellular angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor. There are also signs of enhanced virulence, re-infection frequency, and increased resistance to the action of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies from convalescence sera and in vaccinated individuals in regions where the variants spread dominantly. In this review, we describe the different SARS-CoV-2 variants that have thus far been identified in various parts of the world with mutational changes and biological properties as well as their impact in medical countermeasures and human health.
Acoustic and Light Selective Behavioral Guidance Systems for Freshwater Fish
Authors: Jesus Joaquim , Cortes Rui , Teixeira Amilcar
Published: March 2021

The use of non-physical barriers, particularly based on acoustic and luminous stimuli has been historically used to influence the behavior of fish, mainly for fishing purposes. Nowadays, behavioral barriers and guidance systems have been developed, not only to deter movements of fish, but also to promote behavioral responses with the objective of native fish protection, in particular the potamodromous species, reducing their mortality in the hydraulic structures of dams and guiding them towards transposition systems or to replacement habitats in regularized water bodies. This review details the use of acoustic and luminous systems and their evolution in recent years (Scopus 2012–2019) for the development of selective behavioral barriers for fish. We found that recent technologies try to identify new acoustic and luminous sensory ranges. Ambient sound, sound of predators or luminous spectral bands with different wavelengths have been used to selectively stimulate target and non-target species, in order to improve the effectiveness of repulsive/attractive systems for fish. Guidelines for future research in the area are also present.
Virtual Water Trade in the Yellow River Economic Belt: A Multi-Regional Input-Output Model
Authors: Li Ming , Tian Qingsong , Yu Yan , Xu Yueyan , Li Chongguang
Published: March 2021

The sustainable and efficient use of water resources has gained wide social concern, and the key point is to investigate the virtual water trade of the water-scarcity region and optimize water resources allocation. In this paper, we apply a multi-regional input-output model to analyze patterns and the spillover risks of the interprovincial virtual water trade in the Yellow River Economic Belt, China. The results show that: (1) The agriculture and supply sector as well as electricity and hot water production own the largest total water use coefficient, being high-risk water use sectors in the Yellow River Economic Belt. These two sectors also play a major role in the inflow and outflow of virtual water; (2) The overall situation of the Yellow River Economic Belt is virtual water inflow, but the pattern of virtual water trade between eastern and western provinces is quite different. Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, and Inner Mongolia belong to the virtual water net inflow area, while the virtual water net outflow regions are concentrated in Shanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang, Ningxia, and Qinghai; (3) Due to higher water resource stress, Shandong and Shanxi suffer a higher cumulative risk through virtual water trade. Also, Shandong, Henan, and Inner Mongolia have a higher spillover risk to other provinces in the Yellow River Economic Belt.
Population Characteristics of Brachionus calyciflorus and Their Potential Application for Evaluating River Health in the Pearl River Delta, China
Authors: Gao Yuan , Lai Zini , Wang Chao , Li Haiyan , Mai Yongzhan
Published: March 2021

Water pollution can be monitored through the use of indicator species, including Brachionus calyciflorus. To do this, it is necessary to understand the species’ population ecology. Four surveys of zooplankton were conducted in May, August, and December 2018 and February 2019 in the Pearl River Delta, China, to examine the population characteristics of B. calyciflorus. The temporal and spatial distribution of abundance, biomass, dominance, and occurrence frequency were compared with those from 2012 to investigate the relationship between changes in the population of B. calyciflorus and environmental factors. The average abundance, dominance, and occurrence of B. calyciflorus in this survey were significantly higher than those of 2012 in all seasons. Principal component analysis showed that environmental factors such as the temperature, transparency, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus of water had a major impact on the abundance of B. calyciflorus. There was a significant positive correlation with transparency, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus of water, and a very significant positive correlation with water temperature. Overall, these results demonstrated that the distribution characteristics of B. calyciflorus can reflect pollution in water bodies and can be used to evaluate water quality. These research results provide a reference for evaluating China’s river health and can help to manage water quality in the Pearl River Delta.
Evaluation of Combined Sewer System Operation Strategies Based on Highly Resolved Online Data
Authors: Bachmann-Machnik Anna , Brüning Yannic , Ebrahim Bakhshipour Amin , Krauss Manuel , Dittmer Ulrich
Published: March 2021

Operational and structural interventions in the field of stormwater management are usually planned based on long-term simulations using rainfall-runoff models. The simulation results are often highly uncertain due to imperfections of the model structure and inevitable uncertainties of input data. The trend towards monitoring of combined sewer overflows (CSO) structures produces more and more data which can be used to replace parts of the models and reduce uncertainty. In this study we use highly resolved online flow and quality monitoring data to optimize static outflow settings of CSO tanks. In a second step, the additional benefit of real time control (RTC) strategies is assessed. In both cases the aim is the reduction of CSO emissions. The methodology is developed on a conceptual drainage system with two CSO tanks and then applied to a case study area in Southern Germany with six tanks. A measured time series of six months is sufficient for reliable optimization results in the conceptual catchment as well as in the case study area system. In the investigated system the choice of the optimization objective (minimum overflow volume or total suspended solids (TSS) load) had no significant influence on the result. The presented method is particularly suitable for areas in which reliable monitoring data are available, but hydrological parameters of the catchment areas are uncertain. One strength of the proposed approach lies in the accurate representation of the distribution of emissions between the individual CSO structures over an entire system. This way emissions can be fitted to the sensitivity of the receiving water body at the specific outlets.
Changes to the state aid rules in response to the crisis due to the spread of Covid-19
Authors: Simeonova Ginka
Published: March 2021

In these extraordinary times for the world’s economies, it is inevitable that Member States will support their economies in entire sectors and industries, including through public resources. However, this approach must be followed carefully, as such allocation of public resources in the form of state support is subject to strict state aid rules. The article examines the changes in the state aid regime that the economic consequences of the spread of COVID- 19 have imposed.
Avaliação da qualidade de vida em pacientes com disfunção temporomandibular
Authors: Teixeira Maia Passos Thalita , Rodrigues Golçanves Hugo , Melo Peixoto Rodrigo , Ribeiro Porto Fernanda , Heleno Pereira Tiago , Lima Ferraz Junior Antônio Márcio
Published: March 2021

Introdução: Há um reconhecimento crescente de que a saúde bucal tem um impacto significativo não apenas físico, mas também social e psicológico. A disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) pode originar morbidades relevantes, resultando em consequências que afetam a qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de vida em pacientes portadores de DTM.Material e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo observacional e transversal, no qual foram avaliados 34 pacientes, sem distinção de gênero, maiores de 18 anos, atendidos na disciplina de DTM do curso de Odontologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde de Juiz de Fora (SUPREMA). Através da aplicação do eixo I do RDC/TMD, os indivíduos foram classificados de acordo com o diagnóstico de DTM. Os participantes selecionados responderam o questionário OHIP-14, que permitiu avaliar o impacto da saúde oral na qualidade de vida dos pacientes.Resultados: Em relação ao RDC/TMD, 38,24% dos pacientes foram diagnosticados com dor miofascial no Grupo I, 62% dos pacientes apresentaram diagnóstico unilateral no Grupo II e 47% dos pacientes apresentaram diagnóstico bilateral no Grupo III. A pontuação média do OHIP-14 foi de 18,65 (desvio padrão = 10,77), variando entre 0 e 52 pontos. A pontuação média dos indivíduos que apresentaram dor miofascial com limitação de abertura foi estatisticamente superior à pontuação dos indivíduos com dor miofascial. A correlação entre a idade dos participantes e suas respectivas pontuações no OHIP-14 foi significante estatisticamente. Conclusão: Maior associação entre os escores do OHIP-14 e as disfunções musculares, sendo possível sugerir que uma disfunção muscular associada com limitação de abertura bucal gerou maior impacto na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Pacientes idosos com DTM apresentam um maior impacto na sua qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde oral.
Tecido adiposo: suas cores e versatilidade
Authors: Fonseca Raposo Helena
Published: March 2021

Introdução: O tecido adiposo e suas células tem sido amplamente estudados devido à sua relação íntima com a obesidade. Objetivo: Identificar aspectos históricos e relevantes sobre o avanço na compreensão da função metabólica do tecido adiposo, sobretudo quanto ao seu potencial como alvo terapêutico no controle de doenças metabólicas. Materiais e Métodos: Foi feita uma revisão narrativa da literatura, sem restrição de data, priorizando fontes primárias indexadas pela base de dados PubMed. Resultados: As evidências da existência de tecido adiposo com propriedades termogênicas demonstrada em humanos adultos promoveram grande interesse no estudo do tecido adiposo, em razão de seu potencial terapêutico no controle da obesidade. A plasticidade e versatilidade do tecido adiposo são evidenciadas pelos diversos tipos de adipócitos hoje estudados. Os classicamente conhecidos: branco (WAT) e marrom (BAT), e o mais recentemente descoberto: bege (beige/brite), também conhecido como tecido adiposo marrom induzível; além dos adipócitos rosa e os de medula óssea. Enquanto o WAT é responsável por estocar o excesso de energia na forma de lipídeos, estando diretamente relacionado à obesidade, o BAT, por apresentar alta capacidade oxidativa, pode influenciar no aumento da taxa metabólica corporal, reduzindo a obesidade. Nesse contexto, o tecido adiposo bege apresenta dupla função: Comporta-se como o branco, armazenando o excesso de energia ou, quando estimulado (exposição ao frio, estimulação simpática), tem seu programa termogênico ativado, elevando a expressão de UCP1 (Uncoupling Protein-1) a níveis semelhantes aos do tecido adiposo marrom e promovendo maior dissipação de energia. O tecido adiposo se apresenta versátil por se adaptar à diferentes condições metabólicas, em contextos específicos como na lactação, na hematopoiese, por sua atuação como órgão endócrino ou na modulação do metabolismo energético. Conclusão: Assim, a compreensão de aspectos funcionais e moleculares dos adipócitos, nos possibilita identificar novas formas de tratamento para distúrbios metabólicos.
Manusia Sebagai Instrumen Dalam Perlawanan Antara Allah dan Iblis: Penelurusan Narasi Ayub 1-2
Authors: Sandrianto Musa
Published: March 2021

The book of Job chapters 1-2 contains a narrative of resistance between God and the Devil. Interestingly, in the narration of Job chapters 1-2 the resistance between God and Satan uses humans (Job) as his instrument. The question is what is man's goal as an instrument in the struggle between God and Satan? How does God use humans (Job) as an instrument in His fight with Satan? The purpose of this study is to find out what God's purpose is to use humans (Job) as an instrument against Satan. This writing uses a qualitative method with the type of narrative approach to the book of Job chapters 1-2. The use of narrative descriptions is very important to see the fierce resistance between God and Satan, where humans (Job) are the instruments. The findings in the study are (1) God is sovereign to use everyone including Job for his purposes. (2) In the narrative study of Job chapters 1 and 2 it is found that all the actions of Satan are under God's supervision and will. Without God's permission, Satan cannot do anything. (3) All actions of creation including Satan are in the sovereignty of God.Kitab Ayub pasal 1-2 terdapat narasi perlawanan antara Allah dan Iblis. Menariknya dalam narasi Ayub pasal 1-2 perlawanan antara Allah dan Iblis memakai manusia (Ayub) sebagai instrumennya. Pertanyaannya adalah apa tujuan manusia sebagai instrumen dalam perlawanan antara Allah dan Iblis? Bagaimana Allah memakai manusia (Ayub) sebagai instrumen dalam perlawanan -Nya dengan Iblis? Tujuan dari penelitian ini, untuk mengetahui apa maksud Allah memakai manusia (Ayub) sebagai instrument dalam melawan Iblis. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan jenis pendekatan narasi terhadap kitab Ayub pasal 1-2. Penggunaan Narasi deskripsi ini sangat penting untuk melihat perlawanan sengit antara Allah dan Iblis di mana manusia (Ayub) sebagai instrumennya. temuan-temuan dalam penelitian adalah (1) Allah berdaulat memakai setiap orang termasuk Ayub untuk maksud dan tujuannya. (2) Dalam kajian narasi Ayub pasal 1 dan 2 ditemukan bahwa segala tindakan Iblis ada dalam pengawasan dan kehendak Tuhan. Tanpa seizin Tuhan, Iblis tidak dapat berbuat apa-apa. (3) Segala tindakan ciptaan termasuk Iblis ada dalam kedaulatan Allah.
Perjumpaan Penginjil CGK Belanda Dengan Orang Toraja Mamasa: Praktik Metode Penginjilan Arie Bikker Dan Martin Geleijnse serta Relevansinya Bagi Metode Pekabaran Injil Gereja Toraja Mamasa Masa Kini
Authors: Abialtar
Published: March 2021

Preaching the gospel by Western mission organizations has given rise to a unique encounter between missionaries and indigenous peoples where they preach the gospel. The problem that arises then is the lack of research into what this encounter is and what it means for church life today. The author examines the encounter of evangelists from de Christelijke Gereformeerde Kerken (CGK) in the Netherlands with the Toraja Mamasa community, especially the To Salu tribe with qualitative research methods by relying on library research and mission history archives in Mamasa. Also conducted interviews with traditional and church leaders in Mamasa. The author found that the encounter between the two evangelists with the To Salu tribe had resulted in a missionary attitude and insight and certain theological characteristics which were then inherent in the history of the Toraja Mamasa Church (GTM) which was the fruit of the CGK evangelism. The author's thesis statement: "The attitude and insight and style of the theology of Bikker and Gelijnse, namely the pattern of Dutch Calvinist theology, then colored the theological features of the Mamasa Toraja Church in the course of its ministry in the context of Toraja Mamasa to the present.”Pemberitaan Injil oleh organisasi misi Barat telah melahirkan pertemuan unik antara misionaris dan masyarakat adat di mana mereka memberitakan Injil. Masalah yang muncul kemudian adalah kurangnya penelitian pada apa yang ditimbulkan oleh perjumpaan tersebut dan maknanya bagi kehidupan gereja saat ini. Penulis meneliti pertemuan penginjil dari de Christelijke Gereformeerde Kerken (CGK) di Belanda dengan komunitas Toraja Mamasa, terutama suku To Salu dengan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan mengandalkan penelitian pustaka dan arsip sejarah misi di Mamasa. Juga melakukan wawancara terhadapa tokoh-tokoh adat dan gereja di Mamasa. Penulis menemukan bahwa pertemuan antara dua penginjil dengan suku To Salu telah menghasilkan sikap misi dan wawasan serta ciri-ciri teologis tertentu yang kemudian melekat dalam sejarah Gereja Toraja Mamasa (GTM) yang merupakan buah penginjilan CGK. Pernyataan akhir penulis: "Sikap dan wawasan serta gaya teologi Bikker dan Gelijnse, yaitu pola teologi Calvinis Belanda, kemudian mewarnai ciri-ciri teologis Gereja Mamasa Toraja dalam perjalanan pelayanannya dalam konteks masyarakat Toraja Mamasa."
FEATURES OF TEACHER TRAINING IN ITALY (THE END OF THE XX – THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY)
Authors: Постригач Надія
Published: March 2021

The urgency of studying the European tools for ensuring the quality of pedagogical education is determined by the international recognition of the importance of vocational training and teacher's development, which led to a significant improvement and increase in the educational process quality in the pedagogical education institutions. The key role of teachers in the modernization of European education, which is determined by the framework of all legislative documents that define the essence of the modern educational policy of the EU is emphasized. This causes challenges for the national system of pedagogical education in the context of the implementation of the concept "New Ukrainian School" of the XXI century. In the article the European common directions of ensuring the quality of pedagogical education in the late XX - early XXI centuries and its influence on the modernization of the national system of pedagogical education are analyzed. It is proved, that the main directions of ensuring the quality of pedagogical education in the European countries and Ukraine are: teacher training for educational reform, consolidating the organizational structures in the field of professional development and rationalization of national systems of pedagogical education; improving the quality of teacher training and development; focusing on pan-European joint activities in the area of in-service training for educators. The author established that the key provisions of international and pan-European documents set out a joint program of action to improve the quality of pedagogical education. In this program teachers are considered as the main agents of change in implementing the pan-European strategy for the development of education and training, developing the European space of pedagogical education and forming on this basis a global model of a modern teacher.
Accountability Relationships in 3Rs Curriculum Reform Implementation: Implication for Pupils’ Acquisition of Literacy and Numeracy Skills in Tanzania’s Primary Schools
Authors: Komba Aneth , Shukia Richard
Published: March 2021

This study responded to one key research question: What are the accountability relationships between the actors in implementing the 3Rs curriculum reform? A qualitative research approach informed the study, using key informant interviews, focus group discussion and document review. The data were analysed using thematic and content analysis. The study established that the key actors in implementing the 3Rs curriculum are the government institutions and the development partners. These actors provide teaching, learning materials and support in the provision of in-service teacher training. Yet, the pupils’ and teachers’ materials prepared by the donor programmes were never authorised by the Commissioner for Education. The study also found that the implementation of the 3Rs was very uneven across the country, with some regions receiving support from both the government and donors, and others receiving support from the government only. Consequently, schools in areas that were exposed to more than one type of support benefited from various teaching and learning materials, which led to confusion regarding when to use them. Moreover, the initiatives by several donors exclusively focus on public schools, which use Kiswahili as the medium of instruction and hence, there existed inequality across the various types of schools. Furthermore, the funds for implementing the reform were provided by both the development partners and the government. The Global Partnership for Education (GPE)—Literacy and Numeracy Education Support (LANES) Program— provided a large proportion of the funds. However, the funds remained insufficient to meet the training needs. As a result, the training was provided for only few days and to a few teachers. Consequently, the sustainability of the reform, in the absence of donor funding, remains largely questionable.
Dispositivos curriculares en la micropolítica de la escuela secundaria santafesina
Authors:   , Carlachiani Camila
Published: March 2021

La presente tesis de maestría estudia los dispositivos curriculares que se diseñan y desarrollan en dos escuelas secundarias estatales de la ciudad de Rosario, provincia de Santa Fe. Los mismos son elaborados para garantizar la obligatoriedad escolar en diálogo con los distintos niveles de decisión de políticas curriculares supra, macro y meso en clave de traducción. Se trata de proyectos y prácticas institucionales cuya conflictiva y compleja configuración involucra tensiones y contradicciones del par universal/particular con rasgos de la matriz binaria eurocéntrica occidental. Así, se encuentran regularidades discursivas que construyen sentidos y significados equivalentes respecto de qué implica enseñar y aprender en una escuela inclusiva, a la vez que se observan diferencias que responden a los propios contextos, historias y sujetos involucrados en cada caso. Como mapa analítico se elabora un eclecticismo teórico que articula aportes del poscolonialismo, el posestructuralismo y el posmodernismo como herramientas de intelección. En correlación a ello, el Análisis Político del Discurso (Buenfil Burgos) permite una lectura genealógica de las políticas curriculares para la educación secundaria en sus distintos niveles y ámbitos de traducción. Metodológicamente se articula con un enfoque interpretativo mediante la realización de entrevistas a diferentes actores institucionales a través de lo que Pinar denomina currere. El análisis de documentos y el registro fotográfico también colaboran en la construcción de los datos.
Social Annotation, Critical Literacy, and Justice-Directed Educator Learning
Authors: Kalir Jeremiah (Remi)
Published: March 2021

This paper/award presentation is shared on behalf of the Marginal Syllabus leadership team having received the 2020 National Technology Leadership Initiative Award, presented by the English Language Arts Teacher Educators group of the National Council of Teachers of English. Annotation is first introduced as a familiar yet often underappreciated practice in literacy education. Second, the social and critical qualities of annotation are briefly reviewed, with attention to the benefits of social annotation for students’ literacy learning and critical social annotation as a means by which literacy teacher educators can foster close reading and collaborative discussion about equity-oriented topics. Third and finally, the Marginal Syllabus is introduced and discussed. The Marginal Syllabus is a project that leverages critical social annotation for public conversation about education equity. Since 2016, the Marginal Syllabus has advocated for and productively advanced justice-directed educator learning and critical literacy education.
MÃE CADEIRANTE: SENTIMENTOS E DESAFIOS EXPERIMENTADOS
Authors: Guedes de Oliveira Araújo Michelly , Oliveira Machado Dutra Michelinne , Santos Baptista Rosilene
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: compartilhar os desafios e as experiências vivenciados por uma mulher com deficiência física desde a concepção até a maternidade. Método: trata-se de um estudo de caso, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado durante o período de abril a julho de 2014 em Campina Grande - PB. O sujeito do estudo foi uma mulher com deficiência física, que deu à luz uma criança. A pesquisa foi realizada em três momentos: aplicação de um questionário-piloto, que tratou do perfil da participante; três visitas domiciliares, nas quais as entrevistas foram subdivididas em três categorias e foram realizadas ações educativas a fim de desmistificar possíveis dúvidas. Na análise dos dados, utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo, de onde emergiram três grandes categorias: mulher com deficiência; gestante com deficiência e mãe com deficiência. Resultados: verificou-se uma autoimagem fragilizada e contraditória; episódios em que o preconceito foi vivenciado pela cadeirante; preocupação por não se mostrar atraente para os homens; medo de o filho nascer com deficiência; o filho visto como uma motivação e futuro cuidador. Conclusão: o enfermeiro deve estar apto a encarar situações semelhantes, a prestar uma assistência de qualidade e ter conhecimentos sobre educação em saúde, para que possa auxiliar no processo de inclusão desses indivíduos no meio social. Para isso, é necessário investir em aprimoramento, conhecimento e prática, com o objetivo de promover um atendimento holístico e o bem-estar dessa população com deficiência. Palavras chave: Enfermagem. Gravidez. Pessoas com deficiência.
PREVALÊNCIA DA TUBERCULOSE NO BRASIL NO PERÍODO DE 2011 A 2019
Authors: Fernando Menezes Ryan , Rezende Moura Elomar
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Este trabalho se propõe a reunir dados dos casos confirmados de tuberculose no Brasil, sendo especificado por região de notificação, nos anos de 2001 a 2019. Método: Revisão retrospectiva descritiva-explicativa, com análise de artigos científicos e bibliografias acerca da Tuberculose, como também o uso de dados epidemiológicos do DATASUS para formação estatística, relacionando casos confirmados de tuberculose por ano de notificação e região de notificação no período compreendido. Resultados: A região Sudeste é a que possui maior número de casos por ano, representando o maior percentual do total de casos (≅ 45,14%), seguida da região Nordeste (≅ 28%) região Sul (≅ 13%), região Norte (≅9,6%) e região Centro-Oeste (≅4,26%). Adicionalmente constatou-se que o Brasil, durante o período analisado, Apresentou um total de casos que variou entre 83.655 (2001) a 96.410 (2019), nunca ultrapassando essas barreiras numéricas durante tal intervalo. Conclusão: No período citado foi comprovado a prevalência de tuberculose na sociedade brasileira e sua distribuição acerca das 5 regiões, sendo necessário não só a criação de mecanismos de diminuição da prevalência, mas também de fomentação acerca das informações sobre tal enfermidade, seja para uma melhor segurança em relação à saúde pública ou até mesmo para a quebra de estigmas.

Palavras chave: Epidemiologia. Prevalência. Tuberculose.
Mowa nienawiści jako stygmatyzacja. Doświadczenie kontaktu z mową nienawiści wśród imigrantów w Polsce oraz studentów z zagranicy
Authors: Wypych Michał , Zochniak Kamila , Bilewicz Michał
Published: March 2021

Hate speech can have very serious consequences for the health of its victims and may also be associated with stigmatization and with forcing members of a group to hide their identity. Groups that often encounter hate speech in Poland are Ukrainians and foreign students at Polish universities. The results of two studies conducted among economic immigrants from Ukraine and foreign students at the University of Warsaw indicate a relationship between exposure to hate speech and the occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder, more severe symptoms of depression, lower self-esteem, and negative affect. Among immigrants from Ukraine, more frequent contact with hate speech was also associated with avoiding the use of their native language in the presence of Poles and other Ukrainians. The research results clearly show the negative consequences of hate speech.
Mitologia komiksu — uwagi krytyczne. Esej recenzyjny
Authors: Mielczarek Rafał
Published: March 2021

This essay was envisaged as a dialogue with Paweł Ciołkiewicz, author of the book Moje komiksy, Vol. 1, Od Tajfuna do Supermana [My Comics, Vol. 1, From Typhoon to Superman] (2019), who has for years been fascinated by the phenomenon of comics and made them the subject of scholarly reflection. When analyzing the history and contemporaneity of the comic book, he uses concepts from many fields familiar to sociologists, such as cultural anthropology, philosophy, history, psychology, and religious studies. In discussion with Ciołkiewicz, the author of the article addresses the following topics: (1) comics in the grid of academic concepts; (2) comics as an illustration of the fate of popular culture in the Polish People’s Republic and the USA; and (3) the comic book as myth. In summary, he recalls Ciołkiewicz’s statement that for him comics are not only an object to be studied but also an instrument for breaking through the veil of obviousness.
Kierkegaard’s Construction of the Human Self
Authors: Patios Georgios
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this article is to analyze Kierkegaard’s philosophical views concerning the problem of the nature of the human self. With the help of a close examination of Kierkegaard’s texts The Concept of Anxiety and The Sickness unto Death, we argue that Kierkegaard “constructs” the human self in a specific way. This way reveals, through the examination by Kierkegaard of “anxiety” and “despair,” three main characteristics of the human self: a) the self is a dynamic process, always “becoming” in time through free will and freedom of choice, b) the human self is always a historical self, so that history is then a direct product of “becoming a self,” and c) the human self, in order to be “whole,” must freely ground itself in a transcendental being (God).
Speaking Rationally About the Good
Authors: Kucharski Paul
Published: March 2021

In this paper, I explain and defend Karol Wojtyła’s claim that “if we wish to speak rationally about good and evil, we have to return to the philosophy of being. If we do not set out from such ‘realist’ presuppositions, we end up in a vacuum.” I begin by outlining Wojtyła’s existential understanding of the good, according to which the good for x is found in those ends that complete the being that is lacking in x, or that enhance its existence in keeping with its nature. (Here Wojtyła is drawing from, and building upon, Thomas Aquinas’s account of goodness and being.) Then I explain how Wojtyła moves from an existential understanding of the good to the thesis that “exemplarism is the very heart of the normative order.” Finally, using representative thinkers from both the Continental and Analytic traditions, I defend Wojtyła’s claim that when we divorce goodness from being we end up in a moral vacuum, in a kind of nihilism where the good signifies nothing other than the rationalized articulation of one’s subjective needs, desires, or wishes. In such a state, the only means for resolving moral disagreements is through the consensus of the majority or the forceful rule of the strongest will.
Jakub Gorczyca. Zarys etyki fundamentalnej
Authors: Darowski Roman
Published: March 2021

Father Jakub Gorczyca, a Polish Jesuit, is a professor of philosophy at the Gregorian University in Rome. The subject of his particular concern is the set of problems encountered in philosophical anthropology, fundamental ethics and the philosophy of religion. Gorczyca draws philosophical inspiration from the intellectual tradition of Christianity, from phenomenology, and from the philosophy of dialogue.
Altisztszakképzés a Magyar Honvédség Altiszti Akadémián (2012–2020)
Authors: Vartmann György
Published: March 2021

A tanulmány a Magyar Honvédség Altiszti Akadémia (MH AA) államilag elismert altisztképzési rendszerét mutatja be 2012–2020 között. Elemzi a képzés szerkezeti változásait, ismerteti az MH AA felvételi adatait, a pályára irányítást, a képzési adatokat, a megtartás kérdéseit és a képzésből történő lemorzsolódási adatokat. Bemutatja a kato-nai oktatási intézmény eredményeit, elemzi a tanulmányi eredményeket és a kibocsátási adatokat képzési bontásban.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TERHADAP BERKURANGNYA UMUR RENCANA KONSTRUKSI JALAN HOTMIX DI KABUPATEN TULUNGAGUNG
Authors: Guminto  , Nusa Sebayang  , Maranatha Wijayaningtyas
Published: March 2021

Ketersediaan Jalan dalam pemenuhan terhadap pencapaian peningkatan perekonomian sebagai bagian sistem transportasi nasional yang mempunyai peranan penting terutama dalam mendukung ekonomi, sosial budaya, lingkungan, politik, serta pertahanan dan keamanan. Dari aspek ekonomi, jalan sebagai modal sosial masyarakat merupakan penghubung di antara proses produksi, pasar dan konsumen akhir yang sampai ke masyarakat. Kwalitas sarana prasaran terpengaruhi oleh owner, konsultan dan kontraktor pada waktu proses pengerjaan. Perjalanan pelaksanaan sangat terpengaruh dengan banyak faktor dilapangan

Berdasarkan uji F secara simultan didapat Fhitung lebih besar dari Ftabel, sehingga seluruh variabel bebas berpengaruh terhadap tidak tercapainya umur rencana jalan hotmix, sedangkan secara parsial (uji t) variabel yang berpengaruh ialah variabel kendaraan (X2), variabel lingkungan (X3) dan variabel kondisi tanah (X7) karena nilai t hitung ˃ t tabel. Faktor yang paling dominan dalam mempengaruhi tidak tercapainya umur rencana jalan hotmix  yaitu variabel kendaraan dengan nilai coofisien beta (Koefisien beta adalah nilai prediksi sebuah variabel di dalam model terhadap variabel response) yang paling besar yaitu 0,514 atau 51,40% nilai signifikan 0,013 untuk indikatornya ialah jumlah kendaraan dengan melihat nilai looding faktor tertinggi sebesar 0,627 dan nilai keragamannya 62,70%.

Pola dan Strategi yang digunakan untuk mengatasi tidak tercapainya umur rencana jalan hotmix di Kabupaten Tulungagung adalah dengan menyediakan jembatan timbang untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengetahui tonase  kendaraan yang melaului ruas jalan dan memberlakukan kecepatan minimal dan jam tertentu khususnya untuk kendaraan berat; Memperhitungkan dengan cermat dalam  menentukan titik tertentu, dan melakukan analisis peta kontur medan; Melakukan test sandcon agar mengetahui gaya geser tanah dan daya dukung tanah yang standard nasional  (AISC). Pemeliharaan secara berkala menjadi bagian terpenting dalam umur rencana jalan.
EL ESTADO MEXICANO ANTE LA COVID-19: LOS PELIGROS DE SU AUSENCIA Y UN ROL NO ESPERADO
Authors: García Marín Ignacio
Published: March 2021

La presente investigación debate el rol del Estado ante la pandemia derivada de la Covid-19, enfocándose en el caso de México y sus consecuencias para la gobernabilidad democrática. En este sentido, y presentando previamente un contexto histórico sobre el papel incremental del Estado en los últimos siglos, se analiza cómo el papel esperado de protagonismo estatal por la crisis multidimensional de la Covid-19 no se está produciendo en el país norteamericano. Más al contrario, la falta de una actuación sólida y decidida por parte del ejecutivo federal parece encaminar a un incremento notable de la pobreza y de los fallecidos por el virus, lo que asimismo incluso puede condicionar la calidad democrática del país.
SOBERANÍA Y ESTADO MODERNO
Authors: Seyde Federico
Published: March 2021

El objetivo central del presente ensayo consiste en reflexionar sobre el origen y evolución del concepto de soberanía destacando la profunda influencia que su desarrollo teórico ejerció sobre el proceso de estructuración política y jurídica del Estado moderno. Para lograr esto se comienza por exponer las características estructurales, económicas y políticas, propias del orden feudal que precedió a laformación de los primeros Estados nacionales, así como la influencia ideológica que el mundo clásico tuvo en la concepción moderna del Estado, nacida en el marco histórico del renacimiento, como corporación territorial centralizada, unitaria y provista de una legitimación inmanente emanada de la comunidad política.Una vez caracterizado el contexto estructural e ideológico que determinó su origen histórico, se analiza la transformación del concepto de soberanía a partir de las principales doctrinas y teorías desarrolladas por los más importantes defensores intelectuales tanto del Estado monárquico absolutista como del Estado democrático liberal. Las ideas centrales con relación a la soberanía expuestas por Nicolás Maquiavelo, Jean Bodin, Thomas Hobbes, Juan Jacobo Rousseau, Emanuel Sieyès y Emanuel Kant son contrastadas a fin de caracterizar el proceso de evolución histórica de un concepto teórico que, con el correr del tiempo, pasó de ser una doctrina filosófica y jurídica centrada en la necesidad estratégica de concentrar el poder político en la institución de la monarquía con la finalidad de unificar y pacificar a las emergentes naciones de Europa occidental; a ser parte nuclear de una teoría general, política y constitucional, del Estado moderno, centrada en la necesidad estratégica de establecer límites institucionales y legales efectivos contra cualquier forma de poder absoluto surgida en el ámbito del gobierno a fin de proteger y garantizar de manera efectiva el pleno ejercicio de los derechos y libertades fundamentales de súbditos y ciudadanos. A lo largo del ensayo se poneespecial énfasis en exponer la forma en que, en el marco de diferentes formas históricas del Estado moderno, el cambiante concepto de soberanía ofreció diferentes respuestas teóricas a los complejos problemas éticos, políticos y jurídicos planteados por el origen, naturaleza, titularidad y legitimidad del poder supremo.