bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How can information science contribute to alzheimer's disease research?
Authors: Erdelez Sanda , Howarth Lynne C. , Gibson Twyla
Published: February 2016

There are many indicators about the worldwide rise of age‐related neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Significant and urgent improvements are needed in the areas of prevention, drug discovery, treatment, cost‐effective delivery of health‐care service, and caregiver support. Researchers and professionals from medicine, nursing, health care, computer science, economics and other disciplines have intensified interdisciplinary efforts to address this looming global crisis. To‐date, Information Science has been peripheral to these collaborative developments, contributing primarily in traditional areas of user information needs and services. The presenters in this interactive panel will challenge participants with a simple but provocative question: “How can Information Science (IS) contribute to research on AD?” To inspire the generation of ideas for connections among existing streams in IS research and questions critical to AD, the panelists will describe briefly their own research in AD or related areas, and speak to their potential to advance research in AD. The audience will then engage in small group discussions for rapid idea generation, exchange and exploration. The discussions will be structured around interdisciplinary research areas developed at the University of Pennsylvania's Ware Alzheimer Program Model: 1. Drug Discovery, 2. Biomarkers, 3. Recruitment, Retention and Outcomes, 4. Care Coordination. The objective is to discuss: the potential for Information Science to contribute in the areas of research identified in the Model; unique perspectives (methods, theoretical frameworks, service models) that IS could provide; and potential research partnerships that could be established within and outside of IS. The session will conclude with a collective development of priorities for Information Science engagement in AD research. The participants will be encouraged to become instigators of an IS focus on AD research in their own disciplinary areas, and to contribute to the development of a collaborative virtual space for continuing discussion of these priorities.
“A family like ours”: Demographic variations in information seeking behavior and community participation among parents of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
Authors: Gibson Amelia , Kaplan Samantha J.
Published: February 2016

We surveyed 906 parents of individuals with Autism/Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) about their information seeking experiences and preferred information sources. Our findings suggest that the most popular information sources are local doctors, therapists, national organization websites and local parent networks.
The coded schoolhouse: Tablet computers and public education
Authors: Crooks Roderic N.
Published: February 2016

Using a South Los Angeles charter school of approximately 500 students operated by a non‐proft charter management organization (CMO) as the primary field site, this two‐year, ethnographic dissertation project examines the implementation of a one‐to‐one tablet computer program in a public high school. This poster examines the variety of ways that information and communication technology (ICT) functions in everyday life within the institution — including classroom instruction, school discipline, and evaluation — through qualitative methods, primarily class observations, photographs, and interviews with teachers, students, and administrators as the program evolved over two consecutive school years. This project contributes needed empirical context to questions of technological innovation in public education, providing the first‐ever multi‐year study of a one‐to‐one tablet computer program in a California public school.
Pre‐discussion's note‐taking in hidden profile tasks
Authors: Xiao Lu , Witherspoon Richelle L.
Published: February 2016

It was discovered over three decades ago that groups tend to discuss common information while failing to discuss unique information in group decision‐making processes. This is called group's information pooling phenomenon or hidden profile problem. We report a work‐in‐progress study here that examines the effectiveness of using pre‐discussion notes to address hidden profiles in group decision‐making. Our data shows a moderate positive correlation between the appearance of a piece of information in participants’ notes and its appearance in the subsequent discussion, suggesting note‐taking prior to the group discussion as an effective approach. Our data also indicates that hidden profiles can affect the group performance through aspects other than information sharing.
Health information needs and seeking behaviors among korean mothers of young children in the United States
Authors: Lee Hanseul Stephanie
Published: February 2016

Previous studies have noted mothers’ roles as active health information seekers, health managers, and caregivers for their family members. However, little is known about health information needs and seeking behaviors among Korean mothers of young children living in the United States. Using paper‐based surveys, this study found that vaccination, child dental health, parenting, nutrition and diets, and physical exercise were ranked as the five most important topics by the Korean mothers of young children aged 0 to 10 years old in this sample. Furthermore, this study revealed that mothers of boys evaluated the importance of the following two topics significantly higher than those of girls: circumcision (t=3.16, p < .01) and breastfeeding (t=2.47, p < .05). Also, age of child was an important factor influencing mothers’ information needs in three health topics: child dental health (F=5.292, p < .01), physical exercise (F=7.107, p < .01), and child skin care (F=5.640, p < .01). Implications for developing health information services are discussed.
How and why do users change their assessment of search results over time?
Authors: Zhitomirsky‐Geffet Maayan , Bar‐Ilan Judit , Levene Mark
Published: February 2016

In this study we investigate whether and why users change their preferences when assessing search engine results over time. We conducted a study with 35 subjects who were asked to rank and assign relevance scores to the same set of search results for three times, with a few weeks period between each round. The subjects were then exposed to the differences in their judgements and were asked to explain them. A new coefficient to measure change was introduced to assess the results of the experiment. We found that all the subjects judge the vast majority of the results differently in every round. However, there was less change in relevance judgements than in rankings. Most of the subjects were satisfied with their changes, and did not perceive them as mistakes but rather as a legitimate phenomenon, since they believe that time influences the relevance assessment. Our analysis reveals that the main factors that caused these changes were due to categorical thinking, influence of the learnt information, and environmental and emotional changes.
Subjective vs. objective evaluation of ontological statements with crowdsourcing
Authors: Erez Eden S. , Zhitomirsky‐Geffet Maayan , Bar‐Ilan Judit
Published: February 2016

In this paper we propose and test a methodology for evaluation of statements of a multi‐viewpoint ontology by crowdsourcing. The task for the workers was to assess each of the given statement as true statements, controversial viewpoint statement or error. Typically, in crowdsourcing experiments the workers are asked for their personal opinions on the given subject. However, in our case their ability to objectively assess others’ opinions is examined as well. We conducted two large‐scale crowdsourcing experiments with about 750 ontological statements originating from diverse single‐viewpoint ontologies. Our results show substantially higher accuracy in evaluation for the objective assessment approach compared to the experiment based on personal opinions.
Utilizing content moderators to investigate critical factors for assessing the quality of answers on brainly, social learning Q&A platform for students: A pilot study
Authors: Choi Erik , Borkowski Michal , Zakoian Julien , Sagan Katie , Scholla Kent , Ponti Crystal , Labedz Michal , Bielski Maciek
Published: February 2016

In this paper, we present data findings from the pilot study focusing on utilizing content moderators from Brainly, a social learning Q&A platform, to assess the quality of answers. Because it can be argued that Brainly users who actively moderate contents may have better contextual understandings of how users interact with each other through question‐answering activities, and which answers are more likely relevant and appropriate to a question in a context of Brainly. The findings indicate that helpfulness, informativeness, and relevance are the most critical factors that have impacts on the quality of answers. Further content analysis also identified two new criteria : 1) descriptiveness – evaluating how well answers provide descriptive summaries through detailed and additional information, and 2) explicitness – clearly constructing answers to reduce vagueness of what information answerers intend to provide to satisfy an asker's need.
Exploratory search in digital libraries: A preliminary examination of the use and role of interface features
Authors: McCay‐Peet Lori , Quan‐Haase Anabel , Kern Dagmar
Published: February 2016

What interface features of academic digital libraries (DLs) do scholars use when engaging in an exploratory search task? We compare social scientists’ and computer scientists’ use of interface features in domain‐specific DLs to demonstrate what features may lead to useful and unexpected findings of information. Applying a search user interface framework, we found social scientists were more likely than computer scientists to use control features (e.g., filter options) during exploration. Both sets of scholars found useful information during exploration, but social scientists more frequently reported they also found something unexpected. Findings suggest differences may be due to variances in the interface features used by the two groups. We discuss future research including further examination of the experiences that the use of interface features may elicit.
Toward a semantic stability index (SSI) via a preliminary exploration of translation looping
Authors: Sanentz Shahé Navasart , Lesk Michael
Published: February 2016

This poster proposes the novel idea of semantic stability and hypothesizes that the relative stability of words, as they undergo algorithmic manipulations, can be measured. It attempts to move toward a proof‐of‐concept for measuring the relative stability of words, by putting forward a preliminary Semantic Stability Index (SSI) and speculates upon the potentials, next steps, and future directions of such an approach.
Health literacy and internet‐ and mobile app‐based health services: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Kim Henna , Xie Bo
Published: February 2016

As information and communication technologies (ICTs) are increasingly used to support and deliver health care, access to Internet‐based health services is enabling consumers to play an active role in their own health care. Today, this requires consumers to have a certain degree of health literacy within the context of e‐health. To understand the extent to which existing studies have addressed health literacy within the context of Internet‐based services, we conducted a systematic review of the literature. We performed four rounds of selection to identify relevant publications: database selection, keyword search, screening titles and abstracts, and screening the full text. This process produced a final sample of 42 publications. The findings from our review provide insights into how health literacy has been, and should be, addressed in the e‐health era.
News in an online world: The need for an “automatic crap detector”
Authors: Chen Yimin , Conroy Nadia K. , Rubin Victoria L.
Published: February 2016

Widespread adoption of internet technologies has changed the way that news is created and consumed. The current online news environment is one that incentivizes speed and spectacle in reporting, at the cost of fact‐checking and verification. The line between user generated content and traditional news has also become increasingly blurred. This poster reviews some of the professional and cultural issues surrounding online news and argues for a two‐pronged approach inspired by Hemingway's “automatic crap detector” (Manning, 1965) in order to address these problems: a) proactive public engagement by educators, librarians, and information specialists to promote digital literacy practices; b) the development of automated tools and technologies to assist journalists in vetting, verifying, and fact‐checking, and to assist news readers by filtering and flagging dubious information.
Automatic deception detection: Methods for finding fake news
Authors: Conroy Nadia K. , Rubin Victoria L. , Chen Yimin
Published: February 2016

This research surveys the current state‐of‐the‐art technologies that are instrumental in the adoption and development of fake news detection. “Fake news detection” is defined as the task of categorizing news along a continuum of veracity, with an associated measure of certainty. Veracity is compromised by the occurrence of intentional deceptions. The nature of online news publication has changed, such that traditional fact checking and vetting from potential deception is impossible against the flood arising from content generators, as well as various formats and genres.

The paper provides a typology of several varieties of veracity assessment methods emerging from two major categories – linguistic cue approaches (with machine learning), and network analysis approaches. We see promise in an innovative hybrid approach that combines linguistic cue and machine learning, with network‐based behavioral data. Although designing a fake news detector is not a straightforward problem, we propose operational guidelines for a feasible fake news detecting system.
Deception detection for news: Three types of fakes
Authors: Rubin Victoria L. , Chen Yimin , Conroy Nadia K.
Published: February 2016

A fake news detection system aims to assist users in detecting and filtering out varieties of potentially deceptive news. The prediction of the chances that a particular news item is intentionally deceptive is based on the analysis of previously seen truthful and deceptive news. A scarcity of deceptive news, available as corpora for predictive modeling, is a major stumbling block in this field of natural language processing (NLP) and deception detection. This paper discusses three types of fake news, each in contrast to genuine serious reporting, and weighs their pros and cons as a corpus for text analytics and predictive modeling. Filtering, vetting, and verifying online information continues to be essential in library and information science (LIS), as the lines between traditional news and online information are blurring.
Body‐as‐information: Learning to listen to the body in the context of chronic illness
Authors: Chen Annie T.
Published: February 2016

During the course of an illness, people may come to learn things about their bodies that they did not previously understand. This poster explores how one group of patients with a chronic illness, fibromyalgia, learned to listen to their bodies over time. This work is part of a larger qualitative study of fibromyalgia patients’ illness journeys. Becoming more attuned to their bodies enabled participants to manage their condition better, including the impact it had on the rest of their lives. This poster also describes ways in which fibromyalgia patients acquire knowledge about how to utilize their bodies as physiological information, and considers how information services, resources and tools could be improved to facilitate the process.
Design and implementation of system for exploring subject headings
Authors: Murakami Harumi , Tang Zhenguo , Kurihara Atsushi
Published: February 2016

Subject headings are tools for subject searches in libraries. Visualization tools for subject headings are available for such public searches as NDLSH and LCSH. We report two questionnaire investigations on how to display subject headings and their relations to visualize the shape and the color of icons and the links that connect them. We created an appropriate design from among the choices that subjects chose and understood. Red was selected for broader terms, blue for narrower terms, and green for related terms. Our participants preferred a square layout to a circular layout. Based on our results, we designed a display of subject headings and implemented a prototype that explores BSH, NDLSH, and LCSH and searches through a university OPAC, the NDL Search, and the LC Online Catalog. With our methodology, a questionnaire survey was performed, and our designs are based on survey results, and a prototype was implemented. Our findings are applicable to other kinds of subject headings, classifications, and thesauruses.
Evaluating answer quality across knowledge domains: Using textual and non‐textual features in social Q&A
Authors: Fu Hengyi , Wu Shuheng , Oh Sanghee
Published: February 2016

As an increasing important source of information and knowledge, social questioning and answering sites (social Q&A) have attracted significant attention from industry and academia, as they address the challenge of evaluating and predicting the quality of answers on such sites. However, few previous studies examined the answer quality by considering knowledge domains or topics as a potential factor. To fill this gap, a model consisting of 24 textual and non‐textual features of answers was developed in this study to evaluate and predict answer quality for social Q&A, and the model was applied to identify and compare useful features for predicting high‐quality answers across four knowledge domains, including science, technology, art, and recreation. The findings indicate that review and user features are the most powerful indicators of high‐quality answers regardless of knowledge domains, while the usefulness of textual features (length, structure, and writing style) varies across different knowledge domains. In the future, the findings could be applied to automatically assessing answer quality and quality control in social Q&A.
Examining social media use among parents of children with cancer
Authors: LaValley Susan A. , Gage‐Bouchard Elizabeth A. , Mollica Michelle , Beaupin Lynda
Published: February 2016

Americans are increasingly using social media for health‐related communication. Facebook is the most widely used social media platform in the US. Much of the previous research on social media and health communication has focused on Facebook Groups related to a specific disease, or Facebook Pages related to an advocacy organization. However, less is known about how people communicate about health on personal Facebook Pages. In this study we expand upon previous research by examining the patterns of Facebook use among one unique population: parents caring for a child with cancer. We examined themes in cancer‐related exchanges through a content analysis of 12 months of data from 18 publically available Facebook Pages hosted by parents of children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (15,852 total posts). Four categories of health‐related Facebook usage emerged: documenting the cancer journey, (2) promoting awareness and advocacy about pediatric cancer, (3) sharing emotional strain associated with caregiving, and (4) mobilizing symbolic and instrumental forms of support. Our findings show that Facebook Pages offer a platform for people to share their cancer experiences, promote advocacy and awareness, and mobilize social support. Information professionals, particularly those who work with consumer and patient populations, should remain aware that social media platforms can provide layperson‐generated, user‐centered content that meets the informational, emotional, and logistical needs of caregivers and patients.
Information seeking and beyond: Impacts of studying different forms of information behavior
Authors: Koh Kyungwon , Oh Kyong Eun , Agarwal Naresh K. , Belkin Nicholas J.
Published: February 2016

Although people engage in a range of information behaviors, the majority of previous models and empirical research in information behavior tend to focus just on information seeking and use. This panel will discuss the need of extending the territories of information behavior research beyond seeking and use. Panelists will explain their own research studies that explore different forms of information behavior, and introduce emerging models including serendipitous finding of information, information‐organizing behavior, and information‐creating behavior. Theoretical and methodological issues concerning modeling the new modes of information behavior will be discussed. This panel will involve the audience in identifying under‐investigated areas of information behavior and discussing potential impacts of studying various forms of information behavior on individuals, society, organizations, systems & technology, and culture.
Information sharing in community associations: Asian immigrants' experiences
Authors: Khoir Safirotu , Du Jia Tina , Koronios Andy
Published: February 2016

Dealing with information in a new land is considered challenging for immigrants. Their adaptation process, including how to seek and share information, usually requires supports from several sources, including various social and community associations. This paper discusses immigrants' information sharing practices within community groups during their settlement processes. Data for analysis includes 197 questionnaires, 35 interviews, and 258 photos. The preliminary results show that Asian immigrants are involved in community associations and online links with both general and particular groupings. The main sharing activities relate to daily activities, culture and religion and knowledge/experience. The findings will provide insights of how sharing activities within community associations support immigrants' settlement.
Deterring the spread of misinformation on social network sites: A social cognitive theory‐guided intervention
Authors: Chen Xinran , Sin Sei‐Ching Joanna , Theng Yin‐Leng , Lee Chei Sian
Published: February 2016

As more individuals turn to social network sites (SNSs) for information, the spread of misinformation in these sites is becoming a greater concern. Not only can misinformation cause individual users anxiety and harm, but it can also prevent SNSs from realizing their full potential as trustworthy sources of information. This study proposed and tested an intervention‐based strategy that was designed to discourage behavior that promotes the spread of misinformation. Guided by the social cognitive theory (SCT), the intervention sought to modify users' outcome expectations by presenting them with a message that highlighted the negative consequences of misinformation. To investigate the effectiveness of this intervention message, a classical experiment was conducted on‐line with 131 college‐student participants. In the study's experimental group, the ANOVA results showed that the intervention effectively reduced the total number of “Likes” and “Shares” for postings that provided misinformation. Future development and testing of this SCT‐guided, outcome‐expectations‐based intervention is promising.
Who uses the digital data archive? An exploratory study of DANS
Authors: Borgman Christine L. , Van de Sompel Herbert , Scharnhorst Andrea , van den Berg Henk , Treloar Andrew
Published: February 2016

Despite the advances in policy and practice for data sharing, surprisingly little is known about the uses and users of digital data archives, about relationships between users and the staff of data archives, or how these behaviors vary by discipline, geographic region, policy, and other factors. Digital data archives are not a single type of institution, however. They vary widely in organizational structure, mission, collection, funding, and relationships to their users and other stakeholders. We present an exploratory study of DANS, the Digital Archiving and Networked Services of the Netherlands, with the goal of identifying methods for studying the contributors, consumers, and role of archivists in digital data archives. Starting with transaction logs that serve management purposes, we present estimates of the distribution of uses and users of DANS. Units of analysis necessary to study user behavior, such as dataset, file, user, creator, and consumer, are difficult to glean from logs that were not designed for these inquiries. We recommend methods for improving the design of data collection instruments and outline the subsequent phases of our mixed‐method research on the uses, users, policy, and practice of digital data archiving.
How does citing behavior for a scientific article change over time? A preliminary study
Authors: LU Ch'ao , ZHANG Chengzhi , MA Shutian
Published: February 2016

This study is to investigate how citing behavior for a scientific article changes over time. A highly cited article is chosen to collect citation content from its 902 citing articles. Natural language processing and content analysis are adopted to encode citation content and complete the statistics of citation behavior. Citation content analysis indexes including citation mention, length, and location, are used to describe the changes of citation behavior over time. The experimental results show that there is correlation between citing time with most of the indexes and that citation mention and citation length are declining while the number of the citation co‐occurrences is increasing.
Testing variations across contexts in high quality information selection practices: A hierarchical linear modeling approach
Authors: Park Min Sook , Lim Seunghoo , Oh Sanghee
Published: February 2016

This work‐in‐progress project tests the effects of context on the variation in information quality judgments. Particular consideration was given to social Q&A users’ high‐quality information selection practices in health. A total of 46,815 answers, collected from Yahoo!Answers, were analyzed, adopting the Hierarchical Generalized Linear Modeling (HGLM) technique to investigate variations in the likelihood of the selection. A preliminary finding is described in this poster.
Management of ADHD in children and adolescents
Authors: Pickett Jackie
Published: February 2016

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a condition characterised by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity that is often diagnosed in early childhood and can interfere with school life and social functioning. This article discusses the assessment of children and adolescents with suspected ADHD, common co‐morbidities and the properties of the drug treatment options available.
Diagnosis and effective management of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Robinson Ann
Published: February 2016

Atrial fibrillation is a common finding with major health implications, especially in elderly patients. Dr Ann Robinson discusses new thinking on the management of atrial fibrillation and explains how prompt treatment can prevent strokes.
Statins in the prevention of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Buckland Danny
Published: February 2016

Since their launch in the late 1980s, statins have become the most prescribed drugs worldwide. However, the 2014 NICE guidance extending their use to lower‐risk patients triggered controversy over their side‐effects and alleged overprescribing. This article gathers the views of clinicians and opinion leaders on the current place of statins in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
New guidance on prevention and management of tuberculosis
Authors: Stewart Kate
Published: February 2016

In January, NICE published a new guideline on the prevention, identification and management of latent and active tuberculosis. This article outlines the views of some of those involved in the development of the guideline as well as leading clinicians and patients about what the updated guidance will mean for the future of tuberculosis treatment in the UK.
Asthma in children: current thinking and future directions
Authors: Dowden Angela
Published: February 2016

Asthma in childhood is common, with the UK having one of the highest prevalence rates in the world. This article describes the current stepwise management of asthma in children, outlines some of the steps being taken to tackle persistently poor asthma control and discusses new treatment approaches that may lead to improved control in the future.
CO oxidation over supported Pt clusters at different CO coverage
Authors: Zhou Hu , Chen Xianlang , Wang Jianguo
Published: February 2016

CO adsorption and oxidation over supported Pt14 with different CO coverage on TiO2(110) surface were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations and thermodynamic analysis. According to the phase diagram, Pt14/TiO2(110) and 11CO@Pt14/TiO2(110) were chosen to represent the low and high CO coverage of Pt clusters, respectively. Our study shows that the high coverage of CO can induce the structural change of supported Pt clusters and weaken the interaction between Pt clusters and TiO2 support. The CO adsorption and oxidation mechanism depends on the CO coverage, which is determined by the experimental reactant composition, pressure, and temperature. At low CO coverage, the dissociated oxygen is active specie to form CO2 by reacting with CO. At high coverage, the molecular oxygen can directly react with CO via the formation of OOCO intermediate. Our proposed mechanisms provide useful information for understanding the CO oxidation over Pt clusters with different CO coverage. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The future is very bright
Authors: Heeg Robert
Published: February 2016

In the MENAP region (Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan, and Pakistan), rapid digital progress is taking place, even when basic information is sometimes lacking.
2015 Capital investment in the market research and analytics sector
Authors: Chadwick Simon
Published: February 2016

In 2014, the pace of capital investment into our industry jumped 83% over the prior year. That was on top of an 88% increase in 2013. Nearly $5.8 billion poured into the industry‒seven times higher than in 2011. When will this stop? The answer, it seems, is now.
From professors to innovators
Authors: Omiyale Wale
Published: February 2016

Confirmit recently ran a survey called “What type of market researcher are you?”, aimed at uncovering the personalities that make up today's market research industry. More importantly, we wanted to find out how those personalities see the future of the industry‒and their place in it.
Driving Customer Centric Growth
Authors: Wilms Tom
Published: February 2016

We live in a connected society. It is estimated that by 2020 there will be 50 billion connected devices in the world‒an average of seven per person‒and 212 billion sensor‐enabled devices.
Understanding the semiotics of sensory perception using experiential research
Authors: McNae Fiona , Hunt Cato
Published: February 2016

In recent years we have seen the proliferation in culture involving immersive sensory experiences. From the Tate Sensorium to Secret Cinema, people increasingly seek to make a deep, unexpected and visceral connection to the world around them.
MERGING DATA STREAMS
Authors: Kooge Edwin , Verhoef Peter C. , Walk Natasha
Published: February 2016

Big Data is top of mind in many organisations because of the flood of data now available. There is a belief that analysing Big Data can bring substantial competitive advantages. However collecting and storing the massive data streams‒although a challenge in itself‒is only part of the story.
Measuring Peace
Authors: Heeg Robert
Published: February 2016

Can big data make the world a better place? Gideon Shimshon at the Centre for Innovation's Peace Informatics Lab, is convinced it can.
Real time marketing management is here
Authors: Briggs Rex
Published: February 2016

Get used to the flood of new acronyms‒RT‐CMO, UMIA, MRM, DMP, RTIM are just a few.
In a world of ever increasing data, can research ever really be smart?
Authors: Omiyale Wale
Published: February 2016

The first step on the path to smart research is to understand what big data is really needed for.
Data, Analytics and Decisions: How thinking like a scientist can help you make better decisions
Authors: Gray Kevin , Pauwels Koen
Published: February 2016

“In spite of our strong marketing support, sales of our brand are flagging. Why? What should we do?” “If we launch this new product, what will it do to our bottom line? Will we just cannibalize our flagship brand?”
How consumers search online‒and on the go
Authors: Taylor Earl L.
Published: February 2016

From: Bart Bronnenberg, Jun Kim, and Carl Mela, “Zooming in on choice: How do consumers search for cameras online?” Working paper (2014), and Stephan Daurer, Dominik Molitor, Martin Spann, and Puneet Manchanda, “Consumer search behavior on the mobile internet: An empirical analysis.”

MSI Report No. 15–111.
Dielektrische Barrierenentladung zur Behandlung von Sonnenschutzgeweben
Authors: Bosse Ralf
Published: February 2016

Um die Gebrauchseigenschaften von Textilien, insbesondere für den textilen Sonnenschutz, weiter zu optimieren, werden ca. 60 Prozent der bei den Schmitz‐Werken produzierten Markisengewebe mittels Atmosphärendruckplasma vorbehandelt. Der Fokus in der Entwicklung liegt darauf, durch innovative Kombinationsverfahren neue Potentiale für das Endprodukt von Morgen zu finden. Darüber hinaus soll das bestehende Gewebe sowohl optisch wie auch funktionell noch verbessert und hierfür die idealen Materialien gefunden werden. So entwickelten sich die Sonnenschutztextilien von reinen Baumwoll‐ über Sonnenschutzgeweben aus Polyacrylnitril bis hin zu Markisengeweben aus Polyestergarnen, die durch den Einsatz von Plasma‐ und Nanotechnologie in Kombination mit weiterentwickelten Textilhilfsmitteln und Veredlungsverfahren auf die notwendigen Gebrauchseigenschaften einer modernen Sonnenschutzanlage angepasst wurden.
Heliumrückgewinnungsanlagen
Authors: Barfuss Heinz
Published: February 2016

Insbesondere im Hinblick auf Umweltzertifizierungen gemäß DIN EN ISO 14001 und Ressourceneinsparungen bietet sich die Rückgewinnung von bereits verwendetem Helium an. Die Anlagen sind als Stand‐Alone‐Systeme konzipiert und gewinnen unabhängig von den angeschlossenen Dichtheitsprüfsystemen das Prüfgas Helium zurück. Bei Heliumkonzentrationen zwischen 20 % und 95 % können je nach Prozessbedingungen bis zu 98 % des Edelgases zurückgewonnen werden.
Über den Gas‐Fluss durch Leckkanäle
Authors: Voss Gerhard
Published: February 2016

In dieser Arbeit geht es um das qualitative und quantitative Verständnis des Gas‐Flusses durch Leckkanäle. Insbesondere soll das Verständnis gefördert werden, wie die Leckagerate durch Gas‐Art, Druck und Temperatur im Leckkanal beeinflusst wird.
Barriereausrüstung von Kunststoffen mittels PECVD
Authors: Dahlmann Rainer , Hopmann Christian , Jaritz Montgomery , Kirchheim Dennis
Published: February 2016

Insbesondere die optische Transparenz und die hervorragende Sperrwirkung siliziumoxidischer Beschichtungen gegenüber Gasen und Aromen sichern den PECVD‐Schichten in der Barriereausrüstung von Kunststoffen ihre Bedeutung. Während für Kunststoffe die Transportvorgänge von Gasen und Aromen durch das Arrhenius‐Modell als Permeation durch einen Festkörper beschrieben werden kann, sind für die PECVD‐Schichten und insbesondere mehrschichtige Verbunde aus PECVD‐Schichten nur wenige Modelle in der Literatur beschrieben. Es existieren Modelle, die auf der Diffusion durch Defekte innerhalb der PECVD‐Beschichtungen basieren und annehmen, dass außerhalb der Defekte keine Permeation stattfindet. Gegenstand der Forschung ist die Überprüfung der Gültigkeit der verschiedenen Modelle vor dem Hintergrund experimenteller Daten zu Sauerstoff‐ und Wasserdampftransmission. Um die Gültigkeit der verschiedenen Modelle abzuleiten, werden ein‐ und beidseitige Beschichtungen aus variierenden Schichtarchitekturen miteinander verglichen.
Comparison of the role of milled glass and carbon fibers on mechanical properties of (bisphenol A)‐based epoxy composites
Authors: Karimi Saeed , Javadpour Sirus
Published: February 2016

The main target of the current work was to study the mechanical properties of milled E‐glass, S‐glass, and high‐strength (carbon fiber)‐reinforced epoxy composites. At first, tensile behavior of the as‐received fibers was evaluated by conducting different tensile tests. Afterwards, the effects of employing an integral blended coupling agent on the performance of the pure epoxy were investigated by microhardness tests and optical microscopic images. Then, the epoxy composites were prepared simply by mixing and stirring 1, 3, and 5 wt% of the milled fibers with the epoxy resin and its hardener. The effects of mixture degassing and addition of the coupling agent to the mixture were examined based on the mechanical properties of the fabricated composites. Also, scanning electron microscope macro‐ and micrographs of the transverse and longitudinal fracture surfaces were used to study the fracture behavior and identify the active toughening mechanisms. The best results were obtained for the degassed and modified milled (carbon fiber epoxy)‐reinforced composite, which enhanced the tensile strength, elongation, Young's modulus, and toughness up to 12%, 17%, 19%, and 27%, respectively. The current study shows that the composite not only is cost effective but also offers better mechanical properties. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 24:130–138, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Photopinking of white PVC products: A kind of magic
Authors: Schiller Michael , Aksin Artok Özge , Damm Cornelia
Published: February 2016

Short‐term photoeffects like photograying, photobluing, and photopinking are well‐known in the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) industry. While photobluing and photograying are well understood regarding their mechanisms of occurrences there are still some missing facts. Furthermore, there are three different types of pinking effects with three different mechanisms and consequently three different ways to avoid this discoloration of mainly white PVC products. The recent paper is focusing on one hand of the photopinking of PVC products, which are stabilized with nitrogen‐containing, organic stabilizer whose mechanism was not explained until today. In the past there was neither a method to analyze nor to simulate this type of photopinking. However, the discovery of a charge transfer complex between the nitrogen‐containing substance and nitric acid gave the basic idea to investigate this phenomenon by photo‐electromotive force investigations of titanium dioxide and the nitrogen‐containing substance and by cyclo voltammetry. On the other hand, the authors are attempting to supplement the findings regarding the mechanism of the photopinking of white window profiles which are lead stabilized and which were installed north‐facing in cooler areas with high humidity. Again, a simulation and the analysis of the color‐giving substance of the north‐faced photopinking were impossible in the past. The authors assumed that antioxidants might play an important rule for this type of discoloration. They supported their hypothesis by synthesis of quinoid structures based on antioxidants, spectroscopic investigations, artificial weathering, and electrochemical calculations. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 24:195–207, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Continental and global scale flood forecasting systems
Authors: Emerton Rebecca E. , Stephens Elisabeth M. , Pappenberger Florian , Pagano Thomas C. , Weerts Albrecht H. , Wood Andy W. , Salamon Peter , Brown James D. , Hjerdt Niclas , Donnelly Chantal , Baugh Calum A. , Cloke Hannah L.
Published: February 2016

Floods are the most frequent of natural disasters, affecting millions of people across the globe every year. The anticipation and forecasting of floods at the global scale is crucial to preparing for severe events and providing early awareness where local flood models and warning services may not exist. As numerical weather prediction models continue to improve, operational centers are increasingly using their meteorological output to drive hydrological models, creating hydrometeorological systems capable of forecasting river flow and flood events at much longer lead times than has previously been possible. Furthermore, developments in, for example, modelling capabilities, data, and resources in recent years have made it possible to produce global scale flood forecasting systems. In this paper, the current state of operational large‐scale flood forecasting is discussed, including probabilistic forecasting of floods using ensemble prediction systems. Six state‐of‐the‐art operational large‐scale flood forecasting systems are reviewed, describing similarities and differences in their approaches to forecasting floods at the global and continental scale. Operational systems currently have the capability to produce coarse‐scale discharge forecasts in the medium‐range and disseminate forecasts and, in some cases, early warning products in real time across the globe, in support of national forecasting capabilities. With improvements in seasonal weather forecasting, future advances may include more seamless hydrological forecasting at the global scale alongside a move towards multi‐model forecasts and grand ensemble techniques, responding to the requirement of developing multi‐hazard early warning systems for disaster risk reduction. WIREs Water 2016, 3:391–418. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1137

This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Water Extremes
A survey on Neyman‐Pearson classification and suggestions for future research
Authors: Tong Xin , Feng Yang , Zhao Anqi
Published: February 2016

In statistics and machine learning, classification studies how to automatically learn to make good qualitative predictions (i.e., assign class labels) based on past observations. Examples of classification problems include email spam filtering, fraud detection, market segmentation. Binary classification, in which the potential class label is binary, has arguably the most widely used machine learning applications. Most existing binary classification methods target on the minimization of the overall classification risk and may fail to serve some real‐world applications such as cancer diagnosis, where users are more concerned with the risk of misclassifying one specific class than the other. Neyman‐Pearson (NP) paradigm was introduced in this context as a novel statistical framework for handling asymmetric type I/II error priorities. It seeks classifiers with a minimal type II error subject to a type I error constraint under some user‐specified level. Though NP classification has the potential to be an important subfield in the classification literature, it has not received much attention in the statistics and machine learning communities. This article is a survey on the current status of the NP classification literature. To stimulate readers' research interests, the authors also envision a few possible directions for future research in NP paradigm and its applications. WIREs Comput Stat 2016, 8:64–81. doi: 10.1002/wics.1376

This article is categorized under:

Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Clustering and Classification
Spatial modeling with system of stochastic partial differential equations
Authors: Hu Xiangping , Steinsland Ingelin
Published: February 2016

To define a spatial process as the solution to a stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) is an approach to spatial modeling that is gaining popularity. The model corresponds to a Gaussian random spatial process with Matérn covariance function. The SPDE approach allows for computational benefits and provides a framework for making valid complex models (e.g., nonstationary spatial models). Using systems of SPDEs to define spatial processes extends the class of models that can be specified as SPDEs, while the computational benefits are kept. In this study, we give an overview of the current state of spatial modeling with systems of SPDEs. Systems of SPDEs have contributed toward modeling and computational efficient inference for spatial Gaussian random field (GRF) models with oscillating covariance functions and multivariate GRF models. For multivariate GRF models special systems of SPDEs corresponding to models known from the literature are set up. Little work has been done for exploring opportunities and properties of spatial processes defined as systems of SPDEs. We also describe some of the interesting topics for further research. WIREs Comput Stat 2016, 8:112–125. doi: 10.1002/wics.1378

This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Bayesian Methods and Theory

Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Modeling Methods

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Multivariate Analysis
Cover Image, Volume 8, Issue 2
Authors: Myung Ja Hye , Tam Kevin A. , Park Sin‐jung , Cha Ashley , Hong Seungpyo
Published: February 2016

The cover image, by Seungpyo Hong et al., is based on the Advanced Review Recent Advances in Nanotechnology‐based Detection and Separation of Circulating Tumor Cells, DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1360.

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Inside Cover Image, Volume 8, Issue 2
Authors: Banik Brittany L. , Fattahi Pouria , Brown Justin L.
Published: February 2016

The cover image, by Brittany Baniket al., is based on the Advanced Review Polymeric Nanoparticles: The Future of Nanomedicine, DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1364.

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Cover Image, Volume 7, Issue 2
Authors: De Inessa , Schmitzová Jana , Pena Vladimir
Published: February 2016

The cover image, by Vladimir Pena et al., is based on the Advanced Review The organisation and contribution of helicases to RNA splicing, DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1331.

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Inside Cover Image, Volume 7, Issue 2
Authors: Ho Pui Yan , Yu Ai‐Ming
Published: February 2016

The inside cover image, by Ai‐Ming Yu and Pui Yan Ho., is based on the Advanced Review Bioengineering of noncoding RNAs for research agents and therapeutics, DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1324.

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The impact of heterologous catalase expression and superoxide dismutase overexpression on enhancing the oxidative resistance in Lactobacillus casei
Authors: Lin Jinzhong , Zou Yexia , Cao Kunlin , Ma Chengjie , Chen Zhengjun
Published: February 2016

Two heme-dependent catalase genes were amplified from genomic DNA of Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 (KatE1) and Lactobacillus brevis ATCC 367 (KatE2), respectively, and a manganese-containing superoxide dismutase from Lactobacillus casei MCJΔ1 (MnSOD) were cloned into plasmid pELX1, yielding pELX1-KatE1, pELX1-KatE2 and pELX1-MnSOD, then the recombinant plasmids were transferred into L. casei MCJΔ1. The strains of L. casei MCJΔ1/pELX1-KatE1 and L. casei MCJΔ1/pELX1-KatE2 were tolerant at 2 mM H2O2. The survival rates of L. casei MCJΔ1/pELX1-KatE1 and L. casei MCJΔ1/pELX1-KatE2 were 270-fold and 300-fold higher than that of the control strain on a short-term H2O2 exposure, and in aerated condition, the survival cells counts were 146- and 190-fold higher than that of the control strain after 96 h of incubation. Furthermore, L. casei MCJΔ1/pELX1-MnSOD was the best in three recombinants which was superior in the living cell viability during storage when co-storage with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis LBCH-1.