bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Mobile Learning Applications on the Lecturer’s Role and Development of Learner’s Motivation towards Learning: Empirical Study at the Faculties Physical Education-Libya
Authors: Alssaid Altaher Alssaid M. , Ismail Noor Azizi Bin , Hashim Noorhayati Binti
Published: August 2016

The purpose of the present research was to validate a stated model for mobile applications as one of the modern teaching methods in the learning process with specific focus on its effectiveness on the teacher’s role and development of Libyan learners’ motivation towards learning. To achieve this research aim, the researcher used a descriptive approach as a quantitative research design that utilizes a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Method in order to evaluate the main hypotheses of the research. The study sample consisted of 450 participants (lecturers at the Faculties Physical Education-Libya). The conclusion of the resulting study showed the presence of a weak or low correlation linking mobile learning applications and the development of students' motivation towards learning (.16). However, the study showed that the impact of mobile learning applications on the teacher’s role was (.63). Moreover, the study found that the teacher's role has a higher level of significant influence or impact than mobile learning applications on the development of students 'motivation towards learning (86). The results also revealed that there is an indirect impact of mobile applications through the teacher’s role which was higher than its direct impact on the development of students' motivation towards learning.
Managing Work-Family Conflict among Entrepreneurs: An Empirical Study
Authors: Teoh Wendy Ming-Yen , Chong Chin Wei , Chong Siong Choy , Ismail Hishamuddin
Published: August 2016

Modern day entrepreneurs who operate in today’s highly volatile socioeconomic circumstances are undeniably encumbered with a host of role stressors that affect their businesses and personal lives, namely role overload, role ambiguity and role conflict. Coupled with work schedule flexibility, these role stressors have a bearing on work-family conflict and are the focus of this study. Employing self-administered questionnaires via purposive sampling, data were collected from Malaysian entrepreneurs, married with at least one child. Results derived utilising the Partial Least Square (PLS) approach suggest that role conflict and role overload positively affect work-family conflict. However, role ambiguity and work schedule flexibility indicate insignificant effect on work-family conflict. Given a multitude of challenges faced by entrepreneurs in this context, an understanding of the findings can bring to light some insights on how work-family balance can be achieved to boost the development of Malaysian entrepreneurs.
Linguistic and Symbolic Elements in Luxury Fashion Advertising: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Amatulli Cesare , Pino Giovanni , Iodice Manuela , Cascio Robert
Published: August 2016

This research investigates the use of English in luxury fashion print advertising, which continues to be the main channel to communicate new luxury fashion collections and products. The research aims to find cultural adaptations from the original Anglo-Saxon country to the target country. Further, this research examines the use of images in fashion magazines and, in particular, their capacity to deliver brand personality and aesthetics by creating a narrative engagement. By analyzing thirty print advertisements from U.S. and Spanish life-style magazines using the semiotic approach, checking for linguistic differences, and employing a robust, cross-cultural qualitative analysis, the authors conclude that each linguistic element in an advertisement may invoke an underlying message that can be comprehended by the majority of consumers, and that language selection itself can have a strong symbolic meaning.
The Effect of Consume Characteristics on the Cause-Related Marketing Campaign: The Role of Personal Life Values
Authors: Lee Jaejin , Kim Jihye
Published: August 2016

Given the increased interest in cause-related marketing (CRM) in the marketing arena, this study demonstrated the importance of personal factors affecting CRM practice with the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as a theoretical background. This study employed personal life values as an indicator of attitudes, social norms, and perceived consumer effectiveness in order to investigate more specific consumer characteristics in a cause-related marketing context. Findings show that consumers who values universalism and benevolence have more positive attitudes toward the CRM campaign, more strong subjective norm, and perceived consumer effectiveness. The results from this empirical study imply that consumers' personal life values have direct and indirect effects on the expended TPB model in the context of cause-related marketing. The findings from this study add to the body of knowledge about cause-related marketing in the field of advertising and marketing studies.
Soil Mapping in Chongwe, Zambia by Digital Analysis of Landsat Data
Authors: Shepande Chizumba , Bauer Marvin , Bell Jay , Shitumbanuma Victor
Published: August 2016

Designing a methodology for mapping and studying soils in a quick and inexpensive way is critical especially in developing countries like Zambia, which lack detailed soil surveys. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the potential of Landsat 7 ETM+ data (Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus) in mapping soils in Chongwe, a semi-arid region in Zambia. In addition, the study attempted to establish how accurate spectral soil maps produced by digital analysis of Landsat data can be and how such maps compared with field observation data. Also, in situations where there was poor agreement between Landsat data and field observation data, possible causes of such discrepancies where determined.

A soil inventory of the Chongwe region of Zambia was prepared using computer-aided digital analysis of two Landsat 7 ETM+ satellite images acquired in the dry and rainy seasons to investigate the hypothesis that there is a relationship between Landsat spectral reflectance and certain soil types and that this relationship can be used to map soils with reasonable accuracy.

The study revealed that digital analysis of Landsat 7 ETM images has the capacity to map and delineate soil patterns with reasonable accuracy, especially when acquired during the dry season when there are long periods of cloud free skies, low soil moisture and minimal vegetation cover. The overall agreement between the Landsat classification and reference data was 72%, indicating a definite relationship between Landsat imagery and soil types.

In terms of soilscape boundary delineation, the Landsat derived map was had a higher level of agreement with field observations than the conventional soil map. In addition, the study showed that overall, upland areas have a better agreement with Landsat spectral data compared to lowland areas, probably due to the diverse origin of sediments and low spatial extent of most landforms in lowland areas.
Evaluation of Pre- or Postharvest Application of Some Minerals and Organic Agents on the Growth, Flowering and Vase Life of Rudbeckia hirta, L.
Authors: Hegazi M. A.
Published: August 2016

The experiments were carried out during 2014 and 2015 summer seasons at the greenhouses of the Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Kafr El-Sheikh University. The experiments were conducted in two phases: First one (pre-harvest): Rudbeckia hirta seedlings were transplanted during the first week of May to 30 cm diameter plastic pots filled with a soil mixture of clay and sand (1:1, v:v). Pots were divided in two equal groups, the first one, plants were foliar sprayed with one of the following:- Distilled water for the control treatment, CaCl2 (125, 250, 375 mg·L-1), NiSO4 (30, 45, 60 mg·L-1), CoCl2 (50, 75, 100 mg·L-1), K2SiO3 (100, 150, 200 mg·L-1) and SA (100, 150, 200 mg·L-1) at 60, 45, 30 and 15 days before harvest. The second group was without pre-harvest application assay (untreated plants).

Second phase (postharvest) was conducted in two different methods as follows: First method, flower stems resulted from each pre-harvest treatment were preserved in 250 mL graduated test tube filled with 200 mL of standard holding solution consists of sucrose (4%) + 8-Hydroxyquinoline citrate (250 mg·L-1). The second method, flower stems resulted from plants without pre-harvest application preserved in holding solution consists of a constant sucrose (4%) and 8-Hydroxyquinoline citrate (250 mg·L-1) beside one of the following additives: Distilled water for the control treatment, CaCl2 (125, 250, 375 mg·L-1), NiSO4 (30, 45, 60 mg·L-1), CoCl2 (50, 75, 100 mg·L-1), K2SiO3 (100, 150, 200 mg·L-1) and Salicylic acid (100, 150, 200 mg·L-1). Results showed that, pre harvest spraying plants with higher levels of K2SiO3 or CaCl2 recorded the highest values for all plant vegetation characters. K2SiO3 followed by SA excelled on others in most flowering aspects. At the post harvest stage, SA, K2SiO3 and CaCl2 exchanged the excellence between them for most vase life measurements. Flowers resulted from plants that preharvest treated was better than those that did not preharvest treated.
The Integrating Factors for Riccati and Abel Differential Equations
Authors: Liu Chein-Shan
Published: August 2016

We can recast the Riccati and Abel differential equationsinto new forms in terms of introduced integrating factors.Therefore, the Lie-type systems endowing with transformation Lie-groups$SL(2,{\mathbb R})$ can be obtained.The solution of second-order linearhomogeneous differential equation is an integrating factorof the corresponding Riccati differential equation.The numerical schemes which are developed to fulfil the Lie-group property have better accuracy and stability than other schemes.We demonstrate that upon applying the group-preserving scheme (GPS) to the logistic differential equation, it is not only qualitatively correct for all values of time stepsize $h$, and is also the most accurate one among all numerical schemes compared in this paper.The group-preserving schemes derived for the Riccati differential equation, second-order linear homogeneous and non-homogeneous differential equations, the Abel differential equation and higher-order nonlinear differential equations all have accuracy better than $O(h^2)$.
A Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitory Activity by Mango (Mangifera indica) Leaf Methanolic Extract
Authors: Itoh Kimihisa , Murata Kazuya , Nakagaki Yuta , Shimizu Ayaka , Takata Yusuke , Shimizu Kohsuke , Matsukawa Tetsuya , Kajiyama Shin'ichiro , Fumuro Masahiko , Iijima Morio , Matsuda Hideaki
Published: August 2016

The objective of this study was to identify pancreatic lipase inhibitory active ingredients of mango leaves, and to examine a relationship between leaves maturation and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity. A methanolic extract of old dark green mango leaves (OML-ext) showed a porcine pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity. The pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of OML-ext was attributable to 3-C-β-D-glucosyl-2,4,4’,6-tetrahydroxybenzophenone (2) and mangiferin (1). The pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of young mango leaf extract was superior to that of old leaf extract. It was suggested that the activity is correlated with the content of 2 in these extract. Considering the amounts of leaves obtained from pruning, old dark green leaves may be a reasonable natural resource for the preparation of ingredients with lipase inhibitory activity.
Roesmiddelen en regulering: oude wijn in nieuwe regels?
Authors: Decorte Tom , Zaitch Damián
Published: August 2016

Pleasurable substances and regulation: old wine in new rules?

In contrast with the critical, innovative ideas developed between the 1960s and the 1980s regarding the way we deal with illegal drugs in our societies, the current dominant approaches frame the issue of drugs as a matter of crime, public order, and control. Pleasurable substances have always existed and always will, and so the efforts to cope with them. However, we witness today remarkable developments at local, national and international levels in the fields of drug policies (on cannabis for example), drug trafficking (new routes, new actors) and drug use (new substances, new drug cultures), all of which deserve our attention and push us to think beyond the repressive paradigm. This contribution, which also serves as an introduction for this special issue of ToCC on drugs, aims to present an overview of the main developments taking place, and challenges ahead, within the three above-mentioned fields. There are new markets and trends in the use of legal and illegal pleasurable substances, particularly regarding synthetic drugs (amphetamines, methamphetamines and new psychoactive substances or NPS), tobacco and alcohol. Illegal drugs are supplied from changing countries and through new routes, while retailing increasingly takes place through the so-called cryptomarkets (online). Effective policies are rendered impossible by the fundamental repression paradox: the more intensive and effective the repression, the larger the profits of drug traffickers and the balloon effects (displacement). Despite the harms and negative effects of repressive policies have extensively been documented, a societal debate towards the regulation of illegal drugs is hindered by the use of false dichotomies or presuppositions, by the use of ethical or moral appeals, or by lack of political will. Also the debate in the media is static, superficial and full of clichés. Scientific research on drugs also follows specific agendas and it is focussed on particular aspects of the problem. Changes to end the ‘war on drugs’, certainly regarding cannabis, are however underway in many places at local and national level (Uruguay, Canada, US, Spain, etc.), this despite UN bureaucracies and international conventions that fiercely resist those changes.
“A liberdade dentro da fé”: cristianismo, poesia e contemporaneidade em Murilo Mendes
Authors: Santos Luciano Costa
Published: August 2016

Murilo Mendes se sobressai como um dos mais inventivos poetas brasileiros contemporâneos de matriz modernista. Por isso, causou estranheza a publicação de “Tempo e Eternidade” (1935), sob o lema “Restauremos a poesia em Cristo”, cuja impostação aparentemente reativa sugere haver o poeta renegado sua condição moderna e, ao menos, restringido a vocação artística. Não obstante, tal viragem estético-existencial intensifica características estilísticas e abre outras zonas de sensibilidade e horizontes temáticos em sua poesia, operando uma transfiguração simbólica que nem lhe desfibra o élan criador, nem doma sua insubmissa virulência. A “restauração” da poesia “em Cristo” não capitula a liberdade criadora do poeta a uma férrea ordem metafísica prévia, mas propicia-lhe o encontro com uma inaudita potência redentora de sentido que lhe dá novos e definitivos motivos para cantar. Ao conciliar liberdade e fé, criação e reverência e, por extensão, homem e Deus, tempo e eternidade etc., convertendo a suposta contradição em tenso e fecundo contraste, a poesia de Murilo Mendes descortina uma promissora perspectiva de leitura do mistério cristão que aqui denominamos transmoderna, a qual, sem ser anti-moderna ou “reacionária” – por assumir a aventura da liberdade na vertigem dos tempos atuais –, vai além do paradigma moderno, ao retirar o sujeito de sua esterilizante auto-suficiência e abri-lo a um permanente diálogo com a transcendência.Tal chave hermenêutica é demonstrada a partir de uma abordagem das principais fases e obras do autor. 
Populism: Ideology, Political Style, Mentality?
Authors: Tarchi Marco
Published: August 2016

The difficulties of defining the essence of populism and of circumscribing the range of application of this concept have determined a long-lasting controversy in the academic field. Among the main subjects under discussion, one question has arisen most frequently: can populism be considered as an ideology (a ‘thin’ ideology, in Freeden’s sense) or must it be reduced to a political style which can be attached to any ideological background? Referring to the notion elaborated by Juan Linz in order to distinguish authoritarianism from totalitarianism, and on the basis of the empirical evidence, we suggest that populism must be seen neither as an ideology nor only as a style, but as a mentality, connected to a vision of the social order that is based on a belief in the innate virtues of the people, whose primacy is claimed as the source of legitimacy for the government.
Tau and spectraplakins promote synapse formation and maintenance through Jun kinase and neuronal trafficking
Authors: Voelzmann Andre , Okenve-Ramos Pilar , Qu Yue , Chojnowska-Monga Monika , del Caño-Espinel Manuela , Prokop Andreas , Sanchez-Soriano Natalia
Published: August 2016

The mechanisms regulating synapse numbers during development and ageing are essential for normal brain function and closely linked to brain disorders including dementias. Using Drosophila, we demonstrate roles of the microtubule-associated protein Tau in regulating synapse numbers, thus unravelling an important cellular requirement of normal Tau. In this context, we find that Tau displays a strong functional overlap with microtubule-binding spectraplakins, establishing new links between two different neurodegenerative factors. Tau and the spectraplakin Short Stop act upstream of a three-step regulatory cascade ensuring adequate delivery of synaptic proteins. This cascade involves microtubule stability as the initial trigger, JNK signalling as the central mediator, and kinesin-3 mediated axonal transport as the key effector. This cascade acts during development (synapse formation) and ageing (synapse maintenance) alike. Therefore, our findings suggest novel explanations for intellectual disability in Tau deficient individuals, as well as early synapse loss in dementias including Alzheimer’s disease.
Endocannabinoid signaling enhances visual responses through modulation of intracellular chloride levels in retinal ganglion cells
Authors: Miraucourt Loïs S , Tsui Jennifer , Gobert Delphine , Desjardins Jean-François , Schohl Anne , Sild Mari , Spratt Perry , Castonguay Annie , De Koninck Yves , Marsh-Armstrong Nicholas , Wiseman Paul W , Ruthazer Edward S
Published: August 2016

Type 1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1Rs) are widely expressed in the vertebrate retina, but the role of endocannabinoids in vision is not fully understood. Here, we identified a novel mechanism underlying a CB1R-mediated increase in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) intrinsic excitability acting through AMPK-dependent inhibition of NKCC1 activity. Clomeleon imaging and patch clamp recordings revealed that inhibition of NKCC1 downstream of CB1R activation reduces intracellular Cl− levels in RGCs, hyperpolarizing the resting membrane potential. We confirmed that such hyperpolarization enhances RGC action potential firing in response to subsequent depolarization, consistent with the increased intrinsic excitability of RGCs observed with CB1R activation. Using a dot avoidance assay in freely swimming Xenopus tadpoles, we demonstrate that CB1R activation markedly improves visual contrast sensitivity under low-light conditions. These results highlight a role for endocannabinoids in vision and present a novel mechanism for cannabinoid modulation of neuronal activity through Cl− regulation.
Complementary mechanisms create direction selectivity in the fly
Authors: Haag Juergen , Arenz Alexander , Serbe Etienne , Gabbiani Fabrizio , Borst Alexander
Published: August 2016

How neurons become sensitive to the direction of visual motion represents a classic example of neural computation. Two alternative mechanisms have been discussed in the literature so far: preferred direction enhancement, by which responses are amplified when stimuli move along the preferred direction of the cell, and null direction suppression, where one signal inhibits the response to the subsequent one when stimuli move along the opposite, i.e. null direction. Along the processing chain in the Drosophila optic lobe, directional responses first appear in T4 and T5 cells. Visually stimulating sequences of individual columns in the optic lobe with a telescope while recording from single T4 neurons, we find both mechanisms at work implemented in different sub-regions of the receptive field. This finding explains the high degree of directional selectivity found already in the fly’s primary motion-sensing neurons and marks an important step in our understanding of elementary motion detection.
Characterization of tunnel mutants reveals a catalytic step in ammonia delivery by an aminoacyl‐tRNA amidotransferase
Authors: Zhao Liangjun , Rathnayake Udumbara M. , Dewage Sajeewa W. , Wood Whitney N. , Veltri Anthony J. , Cisneros G. Andrés , Hendrickson Tamara L.
Published: August 2016

The Helicobacter pylori Asp‐tRNAAsn/Glu‐tRNAGln amidotransferase (GatCAB) utilizes an uncommonly hydrophilic, ~ 40 Å ammonia tunnel for ammonia/ammonium transport between isolated active sites. Hydrophilicity of this tunnel requires a distinct ammonia transport mechanism, which hypothetically occurs through a series of deprotonation and protonation steps. To explore the initiation of this relay mechanism, the highly conserved tunnel residue D185 (in the GatA subunit) was enzymatically and computationally investigated by comparing D185A, D185N, and D185E mutant enzymes to wild‐type GatCAB. Our results indicate that D185 acts as an acid/base residue, participating directly in catalysis. To our knowledge, this is the first example of acid/base chemistry in a glutamine‐dependent amidotransferase ammonia tunnel.
Stable reconnection at the dusk flank magnetopause
Authors: Gomez R. G. , Vines S. K. , Fuselier S. A. , Cassak P. A. , Strangeway R. J. , Petrinec S. M. , Burch J. L. , Trattner K. J. , Russell C. T. , Torbert R. B. , Pollock C. , Young D. T. , Lewis W. S. , Mukherjee J.
Published: August 2016

The dusk flank magnetopause was surveyed with instruments on board the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft on 28 August 2015 between 13:55 UT and 14:15 UT during a period of persistent southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) with varying dawn‐dusk component. Plasma measurements (500 eV electrons, > 2 keV ions) revealed the existence of at least one active reconnection region that persisted throughout the interval. The reconnection region convected equatorward despite the poleward and tailward magnetosheath flow, which ranged from slightly sub‐Alfvénic to slightly super‐Alfvénic throughout the interval. These results suggest that magnetic reconnection moved in response to changes in the IMF clock angle rather than the magnetosheath flow, which is corroborated using predictions of the maximum magnetic shear model.
Sensitivity of stress inversion of focal mechanisms to pore pressure changes
Authors: Martínez‐Garzón Patricia , Vavryčuk Václav , Kwiatek Grzegorz , Bohnhoff Marco
Published: August 2016

We investigate the sensitivity of stress inversion from focal mechanisms to pore pressure changes. Synthetic tests reveal that pore pressure variations can cause apparent changes in the retrieved stress ratio R relating the magnitude of the intermediate principal stress with respect to the maximum and minimum principal stresses. Pore pressure and retrieved R are negatively correlated when R is low (R < 0.6). The spurious variations in retrieved R are suppressed when R > 0.6. This observation is independent of faulting style, and it may be related to different performance of the fault plane selection criterion and variability in orientation of activated faults under different pore pressures. Our findings from synthetic data are supported by results obtained from induced seismicity at The Geysers geothermal field. Therefore, the retrieved stress ratio variations can be utilized for monitoring pore pressure changes at seismogenic depth in stress domains with overall low R.
The unusual 2013–2015 drought in South Korea in the context of a multicentury precipitation record: Inferences from a nonstationary, multivariate, Bayesian copula model
Authors: Kwon Hyun‐Han , Lall Upmanu , Kim Seong‐Joon
Published: August 2016

Recently, the Korean peninsula faced severe drought for more than 3 years (2013–2015). Drought in this region is characterized by multidecadal variability, as seen from one of the longest systematic records available in Asia from 1770 to 2015. This paper explores how the return period of the 2013–2015 drought varies over this historical period to provide a context for the changing climate and drought severity in the region. A nonstationary, multivariate, Bayesian copula model for drought severity and duration is developed and applied. Given the wetting trend over the last 50 years, the recent drought appears quite extreme, while such droughts were common in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Deliquescent phenomena of ambient aerosols on the North China Plain
Authors: Kuang Y. , Zhao C. S. , Ma N. , Liu H. J. , Bian Y. X. , Tao J. C. , Hu Min
Published: August 2016

In this study, we report that the deliquescent phenomena of ambient aerosols on the North China Plain are frequently observed using a humidified nephelometer system. The deliquescence relative humidity (RH) primarily ranges from 73% to 81%, with an average of 76.8%. The observed deliquescent phenomena of ambient aerosols exhibit distinct diurnal patterns and are highly correlated with ammonium sulfate. The diurnal variations of ammonium and nitrate may play significant roles on occurrences of observed deliquescent phenomena. The frequently observed deliquescent phenomena of ambient aerosols in this paper imply that current parameterization schemes that describe the RH dependence of particle light scattering may result in a significant bias when estimating aerosol effects on climate.
Subsurface circulation and mesoscale variability in the Algerian subbasin from altimeter‐derived eddy trajectories
Authors: Escudier Romain , Mourre Baptiste , Juza Mélanie , Tintoré Joaquín
Published: August 2016

Algerian eddies are the strongest and largest propagating mesoscale structures in the Western Mediterranean Sea. They have a large influence on the mean circulation, water masses and biological processes. Over 20 years of satellite altimeter data have been analyzed to characterize the propagation of these eddies using automatic detection methods and cross‐correlation analysis. We found that, on average, Algerian eddy trajectories form two subbasin scale anticlockwise gyres that coincide with the two Algerian gyres which were described in the literature as the barotropic circulation in the area. This result suggests that altimetry sea surface observations can provide information on subsurface currents and their variability through the study of the propagation of deep mesoscale eddies in semienclosed seas. The analysis of eddy sea level anomalies along the mean pathways reveals three preferred areas of formation. Eddies are usually formed at a specific time of the year in these areas, with a strong interannual variability over the last 20 years.
Fate and transport of dissolved methane and ethane in cretaceous shales of the Williston Basin, Canada
Authors: Jim Hendry M. , Lee Barbour S. , Schmeling Erin E. , Mundle Scott O. C. , Huang M.
Published: August 2016

Baseline characteristics of dissolved methane (CH4) and ethane (C2H6) and their stable isotopes in thick, low hydraulic conductivity, Cretaceous shales were determined using high‐resolution core profiling at four sites in the Williston Basin (WB), Canada. Positive correlations with the conservative natural tracer Cl− reflected a lack of measureable production or consumption of gases in the shale to the depth investigated (150 m below ground, BG) and suggest CH4 and C2H6 concentrations near the interface with overlying Quaternary sediments are controlled by lateral migration and dilution in permeable zones. Curvilinear increasing concentrations with depth in the shale at all sites coupled with 1‐D solute transport modeling suggest long‐term (over millions of years) upward diffusion of CH4 and C2H6 from deeper WB sources, likely the Second White Speckled Shale Formation (SWSS; ∼790 m BG). δ13C‐CH4 profiles in the shale are consistent with upward diffusional fractionation of isotopes from the SWSS. Distinct CH4 and C2H6 isotope values of gases in the shales versus 13C‐enriched thermogenic isotopic signatures of CH4 and C2H6 in deeper oil‐producing WB intervals could be used to identify fugitive gases originating deeper in the Basin.
Correlation between Flow Behavior and Microstructure Evolution during α/β Deformation of TA19 Titanium Alloy
Authors: Wang Ke , Sun Dongliang , Wu Yanlin , Xin Renlong , Wu Mingyu , Liu Qing
Published: August 2016

The flow behavior during α/β deformation of TA19 titanium alloy is investigated by microstructure examination using an optical microscope (OM), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show that the strain rate sensitivity exponent (m) and strain hardening exponent (n) values increase with the increasing of deformation temperature. The microstructure examination reveals that the increasing of β phase content, grain refinement, DRV, and DRX benefit the deformation stability to make the m‐value increase. The DRV and DRX promote the dislocation annihilation to make the n‐value decrease. Meanwhile, the DRX occurring in both primary α and β phases makes the Q‐value in 900–980 °C region much higher than that in 820–860 °C region
Nitrogen Rich Hierarchically Organized Porous Carbon/Sulfur Composite Cathode Electrode for High Performance Li/S Battery: A Mechanistic Investigation by Operando Spectroscopic Studies
Authors: Vinayan Bhaghavathi Parambath , Diemant Thomas , Lin Xiu‐Mei , Cambaz Musa Ali , Golla‐Schindler Ute , Kaiser Ute , Jürgen Behm Rolf , Fichtner Maximilian
Published: August 2016

The physiochemical properties of the carbon host matrix and their sulfur loadings play a major role in the electrochemical performance of lithium–sulfur batteries. A highly sulfur (S) loaded (75 wt%) carbon matrix (S/nitrogen rich carbon host matrix (NGC)) has been designed, with hierarchically organized micro/mesopore structures containing nitrogen and oxygen functional groups, and using metal oxide nanostructured templates. The S/NGC electrodes give reversible capacities of 868 and 666 mAh g−1 at C/5 current rates, with sulfur loading of 2.2 and 3.4 mg cm−2, respectively. Based on the advantages of the hierarchically organized porous structure and heteroatom doping, S/NGC electrode shows long cycling stability (0.03% capacity decay per cycle in the first 1000 cycles) with high coulombic efficiency (>99%), which is an improvement by a factor of two compared with a sulfur/graphene cathode. Further, the charge/discharge mechanism of the cell is investigated in detail by in situ Raman and ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The presence of nitrogen on the carbon support is found to make the bond formation easier between sulfur and oxygen functional groups existing at the carbon support, which is supposed to play a major role along with hierarchically organized porous structure, for the prevention of sulfur/polysulfides species dissolution to the anode side.
Maternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 6 in a patient with IUGR, ambiguous genitalia, and persistent mullerian structures
Authors: Lazier Joanna , Martin Nicole , Stavropoulos James Dimitrios , Chitayat David
Published: August 2016

Maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 6 [upd(6)mat] is rare and has only been previously reported 13 times with the main associated phenotype being IUGR. We present a case of a male patient with isodisomy upd(6)mat resulting in severe IUGR and ambiguous genitalia, a phenotype not previously described in association with this chromosome finding. The patient initially presented prenatally with IUGR at 19 weeks gestation with placental dysfunction and ambiguous genitalia noted at 27 weeks. Postnatally, the patient had external genital abnormalities, the gonads were in the inguinal canal and there was a rudimentary appearing vagina and uterus. Karyotype is 46, XY and SNP array revealed maternal isodisomy of 171 Mb at 6p25.3q27 with no pathogenic copy number variants. To our best knowledge, this is the first case of an XY patient with upd(6)mat with IUGR and ambiguous genitalia, further supporting previous reports regarding an association between upd(6)mat and IUGR. This patient also presented with a disorder of sex development (46, XY DSD) with the sex chromosome being male and positive for the SRY gene, testicular gonadal sex and abnormal external and internal genitalia. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dispersion und Wasserstoffbrücken bestimmend – Warum die Verdampfungsenthalpien von aprotischen größer als die von protischen ionischen Flüssigkeiten sind
Authors: Zaitsau Dzmitry H. , Emel'yanenko Vladimir N. , Stange Peter , Schick Christoph , Verevkin Sergey P. , Ludwig Ralf
Published: August 2016

Dispersionskräfte sind dominant bei der molekularen Assoziation in Kohlenwasserstoffen. In Lösung können diese schwachen Wechselwirkungskräfte nur schwer abgeschätzt werden. Die Analyse der Wechselwirkungsenergien und die quantitative Bestimmung der Dispersionskräfte sind besonders für polare Substanzen wie die ionischen Flüssigkeiten (ILs) eine Herausforderung. Dabei herrscht in ILs eine subtile Balance zwischen Coulomb‐Wechselwirkung, Wasserstoffbrücken und Dispersionskräften. Anhand von Verdampfungsenthalpien, Ferninfrarot‐Spektroskopie und quantenchemischen Berechnungen wurden die Wechselwirkungsenergien zwischen Kationen und Anionen in aprotischen (AILs) und protischen (PILs) ionischen Flüssigkeiten analysiert. Die stärkere Wechselwirkungsenergie in PILs wird durch die starken und gerichteten Wasserstoffbrücken zwischen Kationen und Anionen bestimmt, während die höheren Verdampfungsenthalpien der AILs auf die zunehmenden Dispersionswechselwirkungen zwischen den Ionenpaaren zurückzuführen sind.
Synthesis of epoxy curing agents containing different ring structures and properties investigation of the cured resins
Authors: Li Tingting , Liu Xiaoqing , Jiang Yanhua , Ma Songqi , Zhu Jin
Published: August 2016

Two kinds of aliphatic epoxy curing agents containing ring structures were synthesized from rosin acid and isosorbide, respectively. They were cured with diglycidyl ether bisphenol A (DER331) and the ultimate propertied of the cured resins were investigated. For comparison, the petroleum‐based curing agent containing planar benzene ring was synthesized from terephthalic acid. The chemical structures of the synthesized curing agents were identified by Fourier transform‐infrared and H‐nuclear magnetic resonance. The ultimate properties of the cured epoxy resins were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis. Especially, the effects of ring structure on their shape memory properties were studied in terms of shape fixity, shape recovery, and shape recovery time. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44219.
Die Dywidag‐Versuchsschale in Wiesbaden‐Biebrich von 1931
Authors: Stegmann Knut
Published: August 2016

Vor 85 Jahren entstand ein Foto, das Bautechnikgeschichte schrieb: Eine Gruppe von Mitarbeitern der Baufirma Dyckerhoff & Widmann posierte in Wiesbaden auf einer nur wenige Zentimeter starken Stahlbeton‐Versuchsschale (Bild 1). Bis heute wird die Experimentalkonstruktion als Symbol für die Anfänge des Schalenbaus in zahlreichen Publikationen im In‐ und Ausland präsentiert [2]. Der folgende Artikel befasst sich mit den weniger bekannten Entstehungszusammenhängen des Bauwerks und wirft einen Blick auf dessen wechselvolle Geschichte. Das erhaltene Objekt dokumentiert nämlich nicht nur die frühe Entwicklung des Schalenbaus. Es zeigt auch beispielhaft, wie schwierig die dauerhafte Sicherung solcher nicht wirtschaftlich nutzbarer Zeugnisse der Bautechnik‐ und Industriegeschichte ist [3].
Cellobiose dehydrogenase and chitosan‐based lysozyme responsive materials for antimicrobial wound treatment
Authors: Öhlknecht Christoph , Tegl Gregor , Beer Bianca , Sygmund Christoph , Ludwig Roland , Guebitz Georg M.
Published: August 2016

The treatment of wound infection still constitutes a major threat in health care due to the increasing number of bacterial resistances and the difficulty of timely infection detection. Here, we present a smart antimicrobial system that is activated in case of infection based on elevated lysozyme activities. N‐acetyl chitosan (degree of N‐acetylation: 40%) was synthesized and hydrolysis by lysozyme in artificial wound fluid (AWF) was demonstrated. This resulted in the formation of N‐acetylated chito oligosaccharides (COS) with a degree of polymerization of 2–5 units. The COS were shown to serve as substrate for cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) leading to the production of 1 mM antimicrobial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) after 24 h incubation at 37°C in AWF. Growth inhibition was seen upon incubation of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with this chitosan‐CDH system over 8 h. This approach represents the first self‐regulating system for the infection responsive inhibition of bacterial growth in response to lysozyme as infection biomarker. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 416–422. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fetal urine biochemistry in antenatal Bartter syndrome: a case report
Authors: Rachid Myriam L. , Dreux Sophie , Czerkiewicz Isabelle , Deschênes Georges , Vargas‐Poussou Rosa , Mahieu‐Caputo Dominique , Oury Jean‐François , Muller Françoise
Published: August 2016

Key Clinical Message

Bartter syndrome is a severe inherited tubulopathy responsible for renal salt wasting, and hence electrolyte disorders and dehydration. Prenatally, it is characterized by severe polyhydramnios caused by fetal polyuria. We studied for the first time fetal urine in a Bartter syndrome case and demonstrated that the tubulopathy is already present at 24 weeks of gestation.
CSChE chemical spill environmental/ecological risk assessment guideline development
Authors: Marta Manny
Published: August 2016

The Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering (CSChE) Process Safety Management (PSM) Division, with representation from the chemical and oil industry, government, and some other interested parties, concluded that there is no guideline commonly recognized by the chemical industries in Canada for conducting environmental/ecological risk assessments (ERA) involving postulated acute chemical/energy product spills from facilities of interest. These facilities would include those that produce, process, store, distribute, handle, or transport chemicals or energy products. This paper explains the need for this type of guideline in Canada. It will also describe the expertise and stakeholder representation involved in order to optimize credibility and acceptance. Furthermore, it will include information on a proposed scope, objectives, and content for a prospective environmental risk assessment guideline, with an exclusive focus on acute chemical spill events involving fixed and transportation sources. This guideline will also support elements of the proposed CSA Standard on Process Safety Management (PSM).
Testing for additivity in non‐parametric regression
Authors: Zhang Yichi , Staicu Ana‐Maria , Maity Arnab
Published: August 2016

This article discusses a novel approach for testing for additivity in non‐parametric regression. We represent the model using a linear mixed model framework and equivalently rewrite the original testing problem as testing for a subset of zero variance components. We propose two testing procedures: the restricted likelihood ratio test and the generalized F test. We develop the finite sample null distribution of the restricted likelihood ratio test and generalized F test using the spectral decomposition of the restricted likelihood ratio and the residual sum of squares, respectively. The null distribution is non‐standard and we provide a fast algorithm to simulate from the null distribution of the tests. We show, through numerical investigation, that the proposed testing procedures outperform the available alternatives and apply the methods to a diabetes data set. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 44: 445–462; 2016 © 2016 Statistical Society of Canada
Short‐ and Long‐Term Exposure to Heavy Metals Induced Oxidative Stress Response in Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
Authors: Machado Manuela D. , Soares Eduardo V.
Published: August 2016

Algal cells can be exposed to toxicants for a short‐term due to accidental discharges or, more commonly, for a long‐term. The present work aimed to assess the ability of Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn to induce accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata after a short (6 h) or a long (72 h) exposure time. The relationship between the ROS induction and the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) was also examined. For this purpose, three nominal concentrations of each metal were used corresponding approximately to 72 h‐EC10 and 72 h‐EC50 values and a high concentration (>72 h‐EC90 values). Intracellular ROS accumulation and GSH content were evaluated using a fluorescent‐based approach. A long‐term (chronic) exposure of algal cells to Cd, Cu, and Zn, at the highest concentrations tested, induced an increase of intracellular ROS and GSH content. The increase of GSH content might be a form of algal cells to redress the imbalance caused by the oxidative stress. However, the increase of GSH was not enough to protect the algal cells against the long‐term exposure to oxidative stress. The exposure of algal cells to low or intermediate metals concentrations induced a modification of GSH content; however, no increase of ROS production was detected, which indicates that the toxic symptoms exhibited by algal cells, under these conditions, cannot be attributed to intracellular ROS accumulation.
Insurance status and disparities in disease presentation, treatment, and outcomes for men with germ cell tumors
Authors: Markt Sarah C. , Lago‐Hernandez Carlos A. , Miller Rowan E. , Mahal Brandon A. , Bernard Brandon , Albiges Laurence , Frazier Lindsay A. , Beard Clair J. , Wright Alexi A. , Sweeney Christopher J.
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND

People aged 26 to 34 years represent the greatest proportion of the uninsured, and they have the highest incidence of testicular cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between insurance status and cancer outcomes in men diagnosed with germ cell tumors.

METHODS

The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to identify 10,211 men diagnosed with germ cell gonadal neoplasms from 2007 to 2011. Associations between insurance status and characteristics at diagnosis and receipt of treatment were examined with log‐binomial regression. The association between insurance status and mortality was assessed with Cox proportional hazards regression.

RESULTS

Uninsured patients had an increased risk of metastatic disease at diagnosis (relative risk [RR], 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15‐1.38) in comparison with insured patients, as did Medicaid patients (RR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.51‐1.74). Among men with metastatic disease, uninsured and Medicaid patients were more likely to be diagnosed with intermediate/poor‐risk disease (RR for uninsured patients, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.04‐1.44; RR for Medicaid patients, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.23‐1.57) and were less likely to undergo lymph node dissection (RR for uninsured patients, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.57‐0.94; RR for Medicaid patients, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.63‐0.92) in comparison with insured patients. Men without insurance were more likely to die of their disease (hazard ratio [HR], 1.88; 95% CI, 1.29‐2.75) in comparison with insured men, as were those with Medicaid (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.08‐2.10).

CONCLUSIONS

Patients without insurance and patients with Medicaid have an increased risk of presenting with advanced disease and dying of the disease in comparison with those who have insurance. Future studies should examine whether implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act reduces these disparities. Cancer 2016;122:3127–35. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Spindle‐cell rhabdomyosarcoma of the thumb: Rare site, rare tumor in a child
Authors: Mahana Sonam , Tomar Reena , Agarwal Anil , Sharma Divya , Khurana Nita , Gupta Ruchika
Published: August 2016

Spindle‐cell rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a relatively recently recognized favorable variant of embryonal RMS occurring mainly in the paratesticular and head and neck regions. Cytological reports of spindle‐cell RMS have been sparse in the literature and the awareness of its cytological features is not very wide among cytopathologists.

A 2‐year‐old girl was brought to clinical attention for a progressively enlarging swelling of right thumb. Imaging studies showed it to be a soft‐tissue tumor in the subcutaneous region. Fine‐needle aspiration yielded moderately cellular smears composed of small, round cells and few spindle cells with tapered cytoplasm. A cytological impression of RMS was rendered, which was later confirmed as spindle‐cell RMS on excision biopsy.

Spindle‐cell RMS, a favorable prognostic variant of embryonal RMS, should be considered in the cytologic diagnosis of soft‐tissue tumors with round cell and spindle cell morphology. This is especially true for tumors occurring in hitherto unreported sites. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:1094–1097. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reaction of [RuNO(NO2)4OH]2– with Sulfamic Acid as a Pathway to Mixed Nitro Pyridine Ruthenium Nitrosyl Complexes
Authors: Kostin Gennadiy A. , Mikhailov Artem A. , Kuratieva Nataliya V. , Tkachev Sergey V. , Schaniel Dominik , Woike Theo
Published: August 2016

The transformations of [RuNO(NO2)4OH]2– during sequential treatment with sulfamic acid and pyridine have been investigated by 15N NMR spectroscopy. Depending on the initial molar ratio of Ru/NH2SO3H, the first stage of the reaction at room temperature in an aqueous solution proceeded with stoichiometric removal of one or two NO2 ligands and may be accompanied by ligand redistribution and partial isomerization NO2/ONO. Further treatment with pyridine resulted in the replacement of labile ligands (H2O, SO4) and the formation of mixed nitro pyridine complexes of ruthenium nitrosyl. Mixed nitrito‐N‐nitrito‐O complexes PyH[RuNO(NO2)2(ONO)Py(OH)] and OC‐6‐34‐[RuNO(NO2)(ONO)Py2OH] as well as the dimeric ruthenium complex with µ‐bridging oxo groups NH4[Ru(NO)Py3(µ‐O)]2(PF6)3 were separated as solids and structurally characterized. The photochemical isomerization (445 nm, 9 K) of Ru–NO with the formation of metastable isonitrosyl complexes was found for all the prepared compounds; the population of the metastable state did not exceed 20 %.
Gold‐Catalyzed, Iodine(III)‐Mediated Direct Acyloxylation of the Unactivated C(sp3)–H Bonds of Methyl Sulfides
Authors: Guo Sheng‐rong , Santhosh Kumar Pailla , Yuan Yan‐qin , Yang Ming‐hua
Published: August 2016

The gold‐catalyzed, iodine(III)‐mediated direct oxidative acyloxylation of the C(sp3)–H bonds of methyl sulfides for the synthesis of various α‐thioaryl and α‐thioalkyl ester derivatives was discovered. Bis(acyloxy)iodobenzene proved to be an efficient reagent to activate the sulfur atom as an in situ directing group for α‐C(sp3)–H functionalization. The attractive features of this protocol include short reaction times, low catalyst loading, and in situ activation of adjacent C(sp3)–H bonds of the sulfur atom.