bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE ROOT CANAL IRRIGATION QUALITY WITH EXPERIMENTAL INTRA-ROOT RESORPTION IN VITRO
Authors: Dobrovolskyi Dmytro , Gevkaliuk Natallia
Published: October 2024

Introduction. To date, intra-root resorption of teeth is poorly understood, although it is often encountered in dental clinics.
This study aimed on assess and comparison of different methods of irrigation and antiseptic solutions activation used for root canal treatment, and focus on cleaning the area of simulated intra-root resorption.
Methods. 24 extracted teeth were used, which the simulation of internal resorption was reproduced by dissection the inside of the root canal under the control of an electron microscope (Karl Kaps, Germany) in. Distilled water, sodium hypochlorite 5.25 %, sodium hypochlorite 3 %, chlorhexidine 2 % were used for comparative assessment of irrigation quality by staining with Indian Ink dye.
Results. When using an endodontic needle and passive irrigation with the studied irrigation solutions, the dye remained on the inner surfaces of the root canal walls, which indicated their insufficient cleaning. The use of auxiliary cleaning methods - sound and ultrasonic irrigation nozzles - showed better cleaning of the root canal resorption zone. When using the sound activation of the irrigator with the EndoActivator device, the dye partially remained in the simulated resorption zone, while a significant part of the root canal system was cleaned. The use of ultrasonic activation of the irrigator with the P5 XS device showed that all dye-stained root canals of the samples were cleaned. Zones of simulated root resorption did not show any dye residues visually and under electron microscope control.
Conclusions. The quality of root canal cleaning in case of intra-root resorption in terms of visual assessment of their transparency and under the control of an electron microscope was more pronounced when using methods of activating irrigation solutions with sound and ultrasonic activators.
Determination of outliers when building a multivariate regression model of prices in residential real estate market of the region
Authors: Kazimirov I. A. , Matveeva M. V. , Polyakova N. V.
Published: October 2024

The paper is aimed at selecting the optimal method for identifying outliers in the initial data when building a multivariate regression model of prices in the regional residential real estate market. The study was based on offers for sale of apartments in prefab flat blocks located in Irkutsk. In this regard, a basic multiplicative multivariate regression model was built, describing the dependence of cost indicators on the pricing factors of real estate. The identified outliers were iteratively removed from the basic model. The methods for detecting outliers included calculation of standard deviation (z-score), calculation of the Mahalanobis distance, as well as a method developed in the study for bringing the prices of objects to the characteristics of the reference object. The optimal method for detecting outliers in the initial data was selected by comparing the characteristics of the final variable-based multivariate regression models obtained after removing outliers from them. The analysis of the results proved the method of bringing the prices of objects to the characteristics of the reference object to be the optimal method of identifying outliers when building a multivariate regression model of prices in the regional residential real estate market. This method significantly reduces the approximation errors of the basic multivariate regression model of the market, thereby increasing the adequacy of the results of the real estate valuation conducted on its basis.
Estimation of inflow discharge to Lake Baikal at upstream section using different satellite-based precipitation and runoff datasets from Upper Angara and Kichera River basins in East Siberia, Russia
Authors: Yoshe A. K. , Sutyrina E. N. , Chupin V. R. , Shelekhov I. Yu.
Published: October 2024

Accurate basin-level river discharge estimation is of vital importance across various fields, including water resources, climate change, natural hazards, biodiversity, and energy production. Normally, gauging stations are deemed the most reliable data source for measuring river discharge. However, a significant proportion of the world’s rivers remain ungauged due to a combination of technical, economic, and political constraints. Encouragingly, recent advancements in remote sensing and satellite observation have opened new avenues for global river discharge monitoring, even in ungauged basins, and the availability of extensive datasets and advancements in computing technologies have facilitated the development of numerous modern data-driven techniques. The general objective of this study is to estimate inflow discharge to Lake Baikal at upstream section from Upper Angara and Kichera River Basins using different satellite precipitation and runoff datasets. According to the calculation result, a higher discharge was observed for the power dataset. The obtained results were used to mitigate floods, droughts, bridge design, manage urban drainage systems, and manage the lake ecosystem.
On the reliability of steel frame joints in earthquake zones exposed to low temperatures
Authors: Kost Yu. S. , Dmitrieva T. L.
Published: October 2024

The paper analyzes the existing construction solutions of steel frames with a box-section column and an I-beam crossbar in order to use them in earthquake zones, including areas with low temperatures. Such solutions will allow the structure to accept the seismic inertial forces, while maintaining its bearing capacity throughout the entire period of operation. In order to solve this problem, the study proposes to use steel frame joints, which can be used both for the entire frame of the building and on individual floors, thereby creating a “flexible story” effect. The authors studied articles, books and patents issued in Russia, the United States, Japan, China and Iran, analyzed the factors that reduce the reliability and performance characteristics of the joints. The main factor consists in a welded joint, which is used to attach the crossbars to the columns, transverse ribs in the column body, and to form the box section of the column from sheets, angles or channels. The reliability of the welded joint is reduced even more under conditions of seismic zones with low temperatures in Russia. However, units without welded joints require special cast parts or structures, thereby reducing their availability. In this regard, the task consists in developing new original construction solutions for joints that meet the requirements of reliability and availability.
Influence of lithodynamics of coastal area on the safety of railway operation on the Tuapse-Adler section of the North Caucasus Railway
Authors: Tlyavlina G. V. , Tlyavlin R. M. , Ashpiz E. S.
Published: October 2024

The present paper considers the railroad bed on the Tuapse-Adler section of the North Caucasus Railway (Black Sea coast) in terms of its protection from wave scouring. Aim. To evaluate the influence of coastal lithodynamics on the safety of the railway operation on the section under consideration. The paper describes lithodynamic processes in the sea coastal zone and demonstrates the influence of coastal protection structures produced on lithodynamics in general and on adjacent sections, as exemplified by a specific section of the coast (1907–1910 km). The study involves a retrospective analysis of the step-by-step construction of trapping structures, and sea groins without full-fledged dumping of beach-forming material into the inter-groin compartments. The investigation and analysis of satellite images of 1907–1910 km coast within the Vodopadny-Lazarevskoye section indicate that lithodynamic processes remained unconsidered during the intensive construction of bank protection structures, which led to the beach erosion and the emergency condition of the seawalls along 1909–1910 km section. The paper provides recommendations for considering lithodynamic processes in the construction of railway protection structures, thereby increasing the safety of the railway operation.
Methodology for identifying reference architectural and spatial solutions of universities using a graphic matrix
Authors: Grishina M. P. , Mikhailova A. E.
Published: October 2024

The present study considers architectural and spatial development of the existing universities and campuses as relevant issue. Administrative and academic buildings, libraries, laboratories, student dormitories and sports facilities, medical centers, pedestrian zones, green spaces, parks and sports grounds, green area recreations contribute to strengthening social ties between students and teachers, providing a beneficial effect on learning and development. The present paper analyzes examples of successful development of student campuses and identifies the factors of their effectiveness. The study findings may serve as a foundation for creating architectural and spatial solutions aimed at comprehensive development of a comfortable educational environment in modern universities of the Volga region. Furthermore, the results of the conducted analysis will assist in identifying priorities of architectural development tasks in areas at different levels — from urban planning to the installation of engineering and automation systems. Well-maintained green spaces, convenient areas for relaxation and socialization, as well as a variety of sports and cultural facilities, will contribute to the creation of comfortable and stimulating atmosphere, which, in turn, will enhance students' motivation for learning and develop their social skills. Effective planning, consideration of the needs and preferences of students, and their involvement in the decision-making process are indicated as the key factors for successful architectural and spatial solutions of university campuses. In addition, the maintenance and regular updating of green spaces and campus infrastructure are found significant.
Formation of a transport hub with an air terminal of international and public airlines under adverse conditions of Irkutsk
Authors: Romysh A. S. , Dagdanova T. B. , Khadeev M. B.
Published: October 2024

The study is aimed at exploring the possibility of building a new airport in Irkutsk as part of a major transport hub on the territory equidistant from the cities of Irkutsk, Angarsk and Shelekhov, close to the East Siberian Railway, R255 Siberia Federal Highway and the bypass road of Irkutsk. This problem requires evaluating the advantages of locating a new airport on the proposed site compared to the location of the existing airport within the city. The analytical and theoretical studies of the transport hub and types of air terminals proved the formation of the airport as part of a transport hub with a railway station and a bus station to be the most appropriate solution for the development of the city. A comparative analysis of time necessary to get to the new air terminal and to the old one showed that passengers would save time if the airport is placed the outside the city due to its easy access for residents of three cities. The conducted analysis of current trends in the development of the transport interchange hub formed the basis for recommendations on the choice of a hub type appropriate for the conditions of the city. The proposed hub will increase passenger traffic, areas for servicing passengers and aircraft, and the length of runways. Placing the airport as part of a transport hub on a free territory between three large cities and modernization will ensure a high level of quality of flights and passenger service, increase the quality of life of citizens, and significantly improve the ecology of the city.
Reconstructing the environment of historic cities. Methods of incorporating new objects into the historic urban fabric
Authors: Selivanov R. A.
Published: October 2024

The presented study is aimed at identifying factors that significantly influence the patterns of designed development in the existing historical urban environment. The paper reviews theoretical grounds and design methods of architects and urban designers exploring the practice of incorporating new architectural objects into a semiotic, morphological and functional context. The time frame of the study was determined due to the relevance of the issue. Actually, cities built before the 20th century are characterized by the cohesion of urban fabric, hierarchy of elements, calibrated silhouette and perception angles of the environment, while modern cities or modern inclusions lack these properties and look scattered and sporadic. The paper suggests two possible reasons behind that: the architects from before the 20th century appeared much skillful than their followers; or the professional architects and urban designers are consciously inclined to the separateness of buildings and their incoherence with the environment. The analysis revealed a number of approaches: three-part construction of architectural form, space as a structure of relations, formalization of the object to structural content, spatial structure of residential environment as socio-spatial bodies, spatial grids, continuity, coherence of the building fabric, navigation factor, formal similarity, relation to the urban framework.
HACCP operation in two Latin American meat packers: Case study
Authors: Guerrero-Castiblanco N. M. , Maldonado-Simán E. , Martínez-Hernández P. A.
Published: October 2024

The hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) system is a protocol aimed to guarantee food safety, especially in companies dedicated to meat processing. Companies in food international trade are subjected to intense inspection and verification processes, and international standard certifications have become a key factor in global trade. The purpose of this study was a comparative analysis of HACCP certification in the Mexican and Chilean meat packers that send meat to international markets by a field inspection of each to identify opportunities for improvement. International trade standards along with packers’ expectations and needs to be fulfilled to attain a place in world markets were bases for this study. Guidelines for field inspection came from the HACCP protocol. Field data were derived from 15 indicators —  five intrinsic to the HACCP plan and ten external. The Chilean packer was superior to the Mexican packer in terms of many indicators. Thus, the first one had a chance for a better position in international markets than the latter. It was concluded that the HACCP audit is an excellent tool to measure the suitability of meat packers in achieving a place as a supplier and remaining in the international food trade.
Improving the functional and technological properties of minced pork using a proteolytic enzyme
Authors: Semenova A. A. , Kuznetsova T. G. , Seliverstova O. A. , Salikova M. N. , Spirina M. E. , Bukhteeva Yu. M.
Published: October 2024

The use of pork obtained from intensively growing hybrid animals as the main raw material in meat processing, in particular sausage production, is accompanied by undesirable variability of consumer characteristics of sausage products and a decrease in the economic indicators of enterprise performance. The main technological disadvantages of processed pork are reduced water-binding capacity and significant loss of meat fluid, which in practice is usually compensated by the increased use of food additives and non-meat ingredients. The aim of the study was to assess the possibility of targeted improvement of the technological properties of minced pork using a proteolytic enzyme of animal origin. Model samples of minced meat were developed and cured for 24 hours at a temperature of 4 °C. The following control samples were used: minced meat with the addition of 2% edible salt and minced meat with the addition of 2% edible salt and 0.2% sodium bicarbonate. Moreover, 0.0001% chymotrypsin was added to the test samples containing similar curing ingredients. During electrophoretic study, in samples with the enzyme, an increase in low-molecular fractions (20 kDa, 15 kDa and lower) was observed, which indicated the manifestation of proteolytic activity of chymotrypsin in model systems. Enzymatic treatment led to an increase in pH and water-binding capacity. Cooking loss was reduced by 3 to 6 times, compared to Control 1. After cooking, histological studies of model systems showed that the test samples subjected to enzymatic treatment were characterized by a denser arrangement of structural elements, less pronounced cellular components of muscle tissue and the presence of glutin formed as a result of protein breakdown, filling the microcapillaries. Thus, the use of an enzyme preparation provides an opportunity for targeted improvement of the technological properties of pork obtained from intensively growing hybrid animals.
Physicochemical, microbiological, and organoleptic properties of fermented lamb sausage enhanced by jack bean fortification
Authors: Wahyuni V. E. , Arief I. I. , Budima C. , Gunawan A.
Published: October 2024

Processing lamb meat into fermented sausages can reduce the risk of spoilage and extend shelf life. Fermented sausages are commonly made using lactic acid bacteria (LAB), resulting in a product that is acidic and less firm. Therefore, it is necessary to add jack bean flour as a binding agent. This study aims to analyze physicochemical, microbiological and organoleptic characteristics of premium IPB lamb fermented sausages with varying proportions of jack bean flour (0% and 30%). The analyses included pH, water activity (aw), total acid, water, ash, fat, crude protein, carbohydrate, total LAB, E. coli, S. aureus, texture profile analysis (TPA), and sensory evaluation. The incorporation of jack bean flour into lamb meat fermented sausages can elevate the pH, springiness, chewiness, crude protein, and carbohydrate content of the fermented sausages. Furthermore, the addition of jack bean flour may reduce the total acid, aw, gumminess, water content, and bacteria (E. coli and S. aureus). The sensory aspects such as color in fermented sausage with addition of jack bean flour were preferred by the panelists. The addition of jack bean flour increased the total unsaturated fatty acids and essential amino acids in fermented sausages. The incorporation of jack bean flour aligns with the Indonesian National Standards for Meat Sausages 3820–2015 concerning moisture, fat, and protein content. This study suggests that incorporating lamb fermented sausage with 30% jack bean flour could result in significant benefits, including increased nutrition, enhanced sensory quality, improved texture, and extended storage life for fresh lamb products.
Exercising of integrated approach for the specialized meat products development
Authors: Aslanova M. A. , Derevitskaya O. K. , Didikin A. S. , Bero A. L. , Soldatova N. E.
Published: October 2024

The principles of the specialized food products development differ from the traditional technologies, which require the integrated approach to their creation, taking into consideration the specified properties, purpose and type of the food product. This article describes the general algorithm for developing the specialized dietary therapeutic and prophylactic nutrition meat products, and demonstrates the implementation of the individual stages of the algorithm on the example of developing the food products for people who suffer from the most socially significant diseases like diabetes and CVD. The algorithm of methodology is a sequence of stages executed during the product development and a description of their content and practical implementation. The modern approaches to creation of healthy food products for people with socially significant diseases, the recommendations of the World Health Organization based on the analysis of scientific literature posted in open sources and publicly available databases were used as the material of the research, as well as the results of our own studies in the field of technologies for dietary therapeutic and prophylactic nutrition meat products. The specialized meat products for therapeutic and prophylactic nutrition, information about their ingredient composition, nutritional value, results of preclinical and clinical trials were used as the objects of the study. The stages of product creation include medical and biological substantiation of the composition, designing of a virtual model of the food product, technology development, evaluation of the safety and efficiency of the resulting product taking into consideration the technological impact, preclinical and clinical evaluation. The study showed the difference in the approaches to the dietary meat products development depending on the purpose —  whether its therapeutic nutrition or prophylactic nutrition. The developed methodology can be used as a tool that provides for scientifically justified development of the specialized meat products and substantiation of their efficiency.
Phytochemical constituents from corn silk and antimicrobial activity of the isolates
Authors: Tordzagla Nestor , Ayensu Isaac , Oppong-kyekyeku James
Published: October 2024

Corn silk (Stigma maydis) is one of the traditional medicines for treating many microbial infections. However, there is little literature on the bioactive compounds responsible for these activities. This study was designed to investigate the phytochemical constituents present in corn silk and to screen the isolated compounds for antimicrobial activity. The pulverized plant sample of 1.14 kg was extracted with 3.6 L of methanol by cold maceration for 3 days. The extract was screened for phytochemicals, followed by isolation of constituent phytochemicals, characterization, and identification of isolated compounds. The isolates were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, tannins, reducing sugars, saponins, terpenoids, sterols, and cardiac glycosides. Further phytochemical investigation of the chloroformic subfraction of the methanolic extract of the silk led to the isolation of behenic acid and stigmasterol after running column chromatography as well as other chromatographic methods. The identity of the isolated compounds was established based on extensive spectroscopic analyses of their IR, 1D, 2D NMR data and comparing the data to the reported literature. Stigmasterol was active against Staphylococcus aureus and the fungal strain Candida albicans at 25 µg/mL while the mean minimum inhibitory concentration of behenic acid against Staphylococcus aureus was 100 µg/mL, Tinea corporis and Klebsiella pneumoniae were susceptible at 25 µg/mL. The study showed that plant secondary metabolites might be responsible for the reported biological activities of corn silk. It is the first report of behenic acid isolated from corn silk.
The isolation of bioactive compounds from Warburgia ugandensis bark: A report of albicanyl acetate, caseamemin and β-sitosterol from Warburgia species
Authors: Gizachew Zelalem , Suh Christopher
Published: October 2024

Warburgia ugandensis, which is one of the indigenous species of Ethiopia, is known for its wide range of biological activities. A series of drimane sesquiterpenoids have been isolated from the stem bark of the plant. However, there is no report on the herbicidal potential of the plant against invasive weeds like Parthenium hysterophorus. In this study, the herbicidal potential of W. ugandensis against the P. hysterophorus weed was investigated. Following the bioassay protocol, muzigadial as powerful phytotoxic compound together with other eight compounds were isolated from the EtOAc soluble portion of the ethanol extract of the bark of the plant. These compounds were identified using different physical and spectroscopic methods. The isolated compounds are albicanyl acetate (35), caseamemin (36), β-sitosterol (37), muzigadial (38), cinnamolide-3β-acetate (39), ugandensidial (40), 11α-hydroxy muzigadiolide (41), polygodial (42) and 9-deoxymuzigadial (43). The first three compounds are new to the species W. ugandensis. Furthermore, two other compounds namely heptacosanol (44) and hentriacontane (45) were also isolated from this species. In summary, the purpose of this study, to the best of my knowledge, is to provide the three initially identified compounds from the plant material and provide information on the plant's potential utility in agricultural applications.
Preparation and characterization of chitosan nanoparticles with extracts of Rheum ribes, evaluation of biological activities of extracts and extract loaded nanoparticles
Authors: Doğan Murat , Koçyiğit Ümit Muhammet , Taşkın Duygu , Yılmaz Beyza Nur , Taşkın Turgut
Published: October 2024

The biological activities of different parts of the Rheum ribes plant were evaluated comparatively. Extracts showing strong biological activity were identified and it was determined which of the extract-loaded nanoparticles showed stronger activity. Cytotoxic activity of R. ribes extracts was calculated on glial (C6) and fibroblast (NIH 3T3) cells using XTT assay. Spectrophotometry was used to evaluate the impact of these compounds on the enzyme activities of human carbonic anhydrase I and II (hCA I and hCA II). The findings showed that chitosan NPs with extracts loaded on them have a lower IC50 value and more cytotoxic activity in C6 cells than chitosan NPs with only extracts. R. ribes young shoots ultrasonic methanol extract (RYU) was shown to have the strongest antiproliferative efficacy against C6 cells. Results showed that RYU and ultrasonic methanol extract of R. ribes radix (RRU) were determined as the best carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. According to results of particle size, encapsulation efficiency, and release studies of chitosan NPs, it has been observed that they are suitable for application. At a concentration of 10 µg/mL, it was found that none of the R. ribes extracts exhibited cytotoxic action toward the NIH 3T3 cell line. According to results of particle size, encapsulation efficiency, and release studies of chitosan NPs, it has been observed that they are suitable for application. It was observed that none of the extracts of R. ribes at a concentration of 10 µg/mL showed cytotoxic activity in the NIH 3T3 cell line.
Chemical profile by GC-MS and protective effect of Algerian cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) against Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus spp. isolated from dental caries
Authors: Benhamada Ouahiba , Benhamada Nabila , Boussouf Lilia , Leghouchi Essaid
Published: October 2024

The oral cavity is home to a large and diversified microbial flora, which plays an important role in the genesis of multiple diseases, including tooth decay. Indeed, tooth decay is the most common ailment in the world, with almost everyone having experienced it at least once in their lifetime. Examining plants used in traditional medicine is one of the research approaches used to discover novel, potent antibacterial chemicals with a broad spectrum of action, as present antibacterials have significant drawbacks. This study aims to examine the chemical composition of Algerian clove Syzygium aromaticum using GC-MS and to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the methanol extract against bacteria isolated from dental caries caused by Streptococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. The results show a strong extraction yield of 29.7%, with high amounts of polyphenols and flavonoids calculated at 178.82 mg GAEQ/g and 24.13 mg QEQ/g. The principal chemical elements of S. aromaticum peel methanol extract were identified as eugenol (61.23%) and eugenol acetate (26.45%) based on mass spectrum data and retention times. The methanol extract has a significant antibacterial effect against tested strains, with MICs ranging from 111.37 to 445.5 mg/mL. Higher concentrations of polyphenols resulted in a significant increase in inhibition zone diameter against S1 (r2 = 0.94, p < 0.001), L3 (r2 = 0.94, p < 0.001), L5 (r2 = 0.93, p < 0.001), and L9 (r2 = 0.96, p < 0.001).
Wound healing and coagulant activity of crude extract metabolites from fungal endophytes
Authors: Mpenda Fulgence Ntangere , Madaha George , Jacob Fortunatus
Published: October 2024

Bleeding from a wound as a result of physical injury is a life-threatening condition. In pursuing new drug structures, the effect of crude fungal extracts fungal isolated from Jatropha multifida on wound healing and coagulation of mouse whole blood was investigated. Jatropha multifida leaves were sterilized, cut into small segments, and then incubated in Potato Dextrose Agar for seven days. Four isolates were purified and their morphologies were characterized. Identification of isolates was confirmed by a molecular protocol. Two crude extracts from Phlebiopsis gigantea (OK021602) and Phyllosticta sp (OK021603), which exhibited higher phytochemicals composition, were selected and evaluated using wound excision and coagulation of mouse whole blood, by administering 30 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL and 70 µg/mL crude extracts respectively. The percentage of wound healing in mice was higher (p<0.05) for the crude extracts of Phlebiopsis gigantea (OK021602) as compared to that of Phyllosticta sp (OK021603). The highest percentages of wound contraction were 99% at 70 µg/mL, and 53% at 70 µg/mL for Phlebiopsis gigantea (OK021602) and Phyllosticta sp (OK021603), respectively as compared to the control group which had 42% wound contraction at day 15 post-treatment. The results of the present study clearly indicate that Jatropha multifida leaves harbor endophytic fungi that produce pharmacologically important bioactive secondary metabolites with wound and hemostatic effects; therefore, further exploration is inevitable, particularly for the purification and identification of specific chemical structures of bioactive compounds.
Cytotoxic effect of Trigonella coerulescens subsp. ayvalikensis Erdoğan, Selvi & Tümen in prostate and colon cancer cell lines
Authors: Aydoğan Türkoğlu Sümeyye , Koç Selin , Poyrazlı Fatma , Selvi Selami
Published: October 2024

Trigonella coerulescens subsp. ayvalikensis is an annual local endemic taxon distributed only in Ayvalık/Balıkesir district and evaluated in the Vulnerable Category (VU). Trigonella L. is an important genus with medicinal and economic value in the Fabaceae family. Seeds of the genus Trigonella are known to contain several groups of secondary metabolites, the most abundant compounds being steroidal saponins, as well as flavones, isoflavones, and polysaccharides. In our study, the cytotoxic effect on two different cancer cell lines namely, PC-3 (prostate) and SW480 (colon), was investigated by extracting Trigonella coerulescens subsp. ayvalikensis with different solvents. The cytotoxic effects of extracts obtained from plant seeds with different solvents (hexane, methanol, ethanol, acetone) were investigated. The MTT test was used to examine the cytotoxic effect, which was studied with PC-3 and SW480 cancer cell lines. The different concentrations (23.45 µg/µL, 46.875 µg/µL, 93.75 µg/µL, 187.5 µg/µL, 375 µg/µL) of seed extracts were applied to the cells at different times points (24h, 48h and 72h) and absorbance was taken at 550 nm in the spectrophotometer. As a result of cytotoxic studies, it was observed that hexane extract had the most reducing effect on PC-3 compared to the control groups. In the SW480 cell line, a proliferative effect was observed in extracts prepared with methanol, hexane, and acetone in the early period of 24 hours. In the later period (72 hours), the extract prepared with hexane and acetone showed the most cytotoxic effect on SW480 cells.
Effect of nutrient imbalance on performance efficiency of an anaerobic baffled reactor and the production of membrane fouling compounds
Authors: Jamali-Behnam Farideh , Bello-Mendoza Ricardo , Wareham David , Masten Susan
Published: October 2024

Anaerobic processes effectively treat high-strength wastewater, while membrane-based technologies are attractive post-treatment options for improving effluent quality. A balanced nutrient level (i.e., chemical oxygen demand (COD):N:P = 300:5:1) is required for optimal anaerobic reactor performance. This research investigated the performance efficiency of an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) treating low COD:N:P wastewater and its effluent membrane fouling potential. An unbaffled reactor was used as a control. Initially, both reactors showed ≥80% soluble COD (SCOD) removal even at a low COD:N:P of 27:5:3.5. However, after 134 days, the SCOD removal in the unbaffled reactor decreased from 80.7 ± 3 to 48.7 ± 4.6%. In comparison, it took an extra 46 days for the SCOD removal in the ABR to decrease from 87.7 ± 1.7 to 57.8 ± 2.4%. Once an optimal COD:N:P of 300:5:1 was established, the SCOD removal recovered to 88 ± 2.9% in the control and 93 ± 1.2% in the ABR. Concurrently, both reactors’ effluent membrane fouling potential increased with time at a low COD:N:P ratio and decreased at the optimal nutrient ratio. The ABR's volume compartmentation effectively improved the anaerobic biomass's ability to deal with unbalanced nutrient levels during wastewater treatment.
(I)MOBILIDADE DAS MEMÓRIAS DAS CIDADES EM EDIFÍCIOS HISTÓRICOS
Authors: Ferreira da Costa Heidi
Published: October 2024

Este artigo busca, por meio do paradigma das mobilidades, promover uma investigação teórica interdisciplinar entre memória, patrimônio edificado e políticas públicas de patrimônio, considerando que os valores que exercem influência sobre o espaço urbano estão em constante movimento, sujeitos à circulação de pessoas, assim como a ideias, informação, técnicas, materiais e capital ao longo do tempo.
Envisioning Glucose Transporters (GLUTs and SGLTs) as Novel Intervention against Cancer: Drug Discovery Perspective and Targeting Approach
Authors: Shafi Sadat , Khan Mohammad Ahmed , Ahmad Javed , Rabbani Syed Arman , Singh Shailja , Najmi Abul Kalam
Published: October 2024

Metabolic reprogramming and altered cellular energetics have been recently established
as an important cancer hallmark. The modulation of glucose metabolism is one of the important
characteristic features of metabolic reprogramming in cancer. It contributes to oncogenic progression
by supporting the increased biosynthetic and bio-energetic demands of tumor cells. This
oncogenic transformation consequently results in elevated expression of glucose transporters in these
cells. Moreover, various cancers exhibit abnormal transporter expression patterns compared to
normal tissues. Recent investigations have underlined the significance of glucose transporters in
regulating cancer cell survival, proliferation, and metastasis. Abnormal regulation of these transporters,
which exhibit varying affinities for hexoses, could enable cancer cells to efficiently manage
their energy supply, offering a crucial edge for proliferation. Exploiting the upregulated expression
of glucose transporters, GLUTs, and Sodium Linked Glucose Transporters (SGLTs),
could serve as a novel therapeutic intervention for anti-cancer drug discovery as well as provide a
unique targeting approach for drug delivery to specific tumor tissues. This review aims to discussthe
previous and emerging research on the expression of various types of glucose transporters in
tumor tissues, the role of glucose transport inhibitors as a cancer therapy intervention as well as
emerging GLUT/SGLT-mediated drug delivery strategies that can be therapeutically employed to
target various cancers.
The Essential Role of Herbal-based Therapies in Combatting Acne Vulgaris
Authors: Jayronia Sonali , Mishra Sudhanshu , Kohli Kanchan
Published: October 2024

Inflammation, follicular epidermal hyperproliferation, and Propionibacterium acnes (P.
acnes) are the primary causes of acne vulgaris, a prevalent skin condition that affects millions of
young adults and adolescents. This intricate pathophysiology leads to various acne symptoms, such
as whiteheads and blackheads, inflammatory nodules, and scarring. Among the many traditional
allopathic acne therapies that often have serious side effects include hormone therapy, hydroxy acids,
oral and topical antibiotics, retinoic acid derivatives, and acne medications. Herbal extracts are becoming
more and more well-liked as more holistic, kinder substitutes with fewer side effects. Herbal
extracts with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant qualities include Eucalyptus Globulus,
Thymus vulgaris (thyme), Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree), Lavandula angustifolia (lavender), Origanum
vulgare (oregano), and Curcuma longa (turmeric). Because of these qualities, they are considered
to be viable candidates for treating different elements of acne etiology, including wound
healing, inflammation reduction, and P. acnes growth inhibition. Developing herbal remedies is a
viable approach to developing efficient and minimally invasive acne treatments. Medicinal plants
and essential oils have a long history of traditional use and the potential to attenuate harmful exposures
and lessen drug-induced side effects. Their use in dermatological treatments demonstrates their
ability to offer comprehensive and natural solutions for the treatment of acne vulgaris, a common and
frequently upsetting skin condition.
Can the Mineralization of Antibiotics from Water Bodies be a Significant Step in the Fight Against Alarming Antimicrobial Resistance?
Authors: Bhardwaj Rashi , Saha Supradip , Basu Tinku
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

The overuse and improper disposal of antibiotics may add to the continuous rise of antimicrobial
resistance (AMR). In this work, we demonstrate a sequential effect of two novel catalytic
systems consisting of MIL-100(Fe) MOF (Metal Organic Framework) and MnO2 nanosheets to
degrade amoxicillin antibiotic through the destruction of β lactam group.

Method:

The catalysts were fabricated via chemical method. the catalysts exhibit large surface area,
excellent porosity, excellent catalytic activity, and insolubility and can be easily separable from the
reaction mixture.

Results:

The sequential use of MIL-100(Fe) MOF and MnO2 nanosheets could showcase 92% degradation
of amoxicillin within 1.5 hours under ambient conditions without any significant residual
bi-product as confirmed by LCMS studies.

Conclusion:

Impressively, the antimicrobial susceptibility of degraded residue is lessened by 33%
as compared to pure amoxicillin.
Polymer Nanocomposites and their Applications
Authors: Kushwaha Anita , Dwivedi Smriti
Published: October 2024

The last ten years have seen the greatest amount of research on nanomaterials due to their numerous applications. Nanomaterials are utilised in both home and industrial settings. The growing need for materials that are both lightweight and strong has led to the emergence of polymer composites as a specialty area in the field of materials research. A novel type of composite material called polymer nanocomposites uses inorganic nanoparticles scattered across an organic polymer matrix to enhance certain performance characteristics. Excellent characteristics of polymer nanocomposites include electrical characteristics, barrier resistance, and magnetic efficiency. greater rigidity, greater fire resistance, increased thermal and dimensional stability, superior optical characteristics, and improved barrier effect are the main benefits of polymer nanocomposites. A polymer serves as the matrix of polymer nanocomposites, which are mixtures of two or more components, where the dispersion phase has at least one dimension smaller than 100 nm. Due to their distinctive design feasibility and remarkable property combinations, polymer nanocomposites are employed in a variety of applications, including water treatment, gas separation, food packaging, sports equipment, the automotive industry, biomedicine and everyday life.
Sustainable Nanostructured Materials for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Sadiq Iqra , Naaz Farha , Fazil Mohd , Ahmad Tokeer
Published: October 2024

Nanocatalysis represents a burgeoning field of study that is used across a
wide range of catalytic organic reactions. The significance of nanotechnology is
progressively growing in various industrial sectors as well as in academic research. The
enhancement of catalytic selectivity and activity in nanocatalysts is observed as the size
of the catalyst decreases and the surface area-to-volume ratio increases. Similarly, the
morphology of particles plays a crucial role in influencing the activity and selectivity of
nanocatalysts. Various types of nanocatalysts have been documented, encompassing
single-metal nanocatalysts, simple/mixed metal-oxide derived nanocatalysts, and
carbon-based nanocatalysts. Nanocatalysts based on noble, rare earth and transition
metals have been extensively investigated in both industrial and academic areas. This is
primarily due to their significant application in various chemical reactions, including
carbon-heteroatom cross-coupling reactions, carbon-carbon homocoupling reactions,
carbon-carbon cross-coupling reactions, esterification, C-H activation, hydrogenation,
oxidation, and reduction. Currently, the analysis is centered on most recent
advancements and potential applications of nanocatalysts in various chemical
processes.
Photovoltaic Applications of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
Authors: Kumar Yogendra , Panghal Asha , Rajagopalan Pandey , Sharma Akash
Published: October 2024

The urgent need to replace fossil fuels with renewable energy sources in the
twenty-first century has been driven by rising fuel prices and the escalating greenhouse
effect caused by carbon dioxide emissions. Recent advancements in photovoltaic (PV)
solar cell technology offer hope for meeting this demand using sustainable energy
sources. Significant advancements have been achieved in the field, indicating
numerous possibilities to address the ongoing global energy crisis. Carbon
nanomaterials, including graphene, carbon nanotubes, and fullerene, have emerged as
splendid applicants for photovoltaic solar cells. These materials are abundant on Earth,
possess remarkable electrical properties, exhibit eminent optical absorption, and
demonstrate paramount thermal and photostability. Graphene-based solar cells have
already achieved notable breakthroughs in PV technology. However, reducing
manufacturing costs through the utilization of cost-effective nanostructured materials
and processes remains a crucial concern. This chapter provides a comprehensive review
of various types of PV technologies using carbon-based materials.
Rare Earth-based Multiferroic Perovskites and Applications
Authors: Khan Huma , Mehtab Amir , Ahmad Tokeer
Published: October 2024

This chapter provides an updated overview of rare-earth-based multiferroic
perovskites and their diverse range of applications. Multiferroic materials exhibit
simultaneous ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties, making them highly attractive
for various technological applications. The design of functional materials is challenging
to tune the properties and applications. Rare earth-based perovskites, in particular, offer
unique properties due to the combination of rare earth elements and the perovskite
crystal structure. This chapter explores the synthesis methods, characterization
techniques, and emerging applications of rare earth-based multiferroic perovskites,
highlighting recent advancements in the field.
Role of Ion Beam in Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Morphology Control, and Applications
Authors: Panghal Asha , Kumar Yogendra , Rajagopalan P. , Sharma Alfa
Published: October 2024

The exceptional performance of nanomaterials, as a result of their size and
unique morphology, has attracted a lot of researchers. The structure and constituents of
materials have been modified using a variety of techniques. The ion beam techniques
have so far been widely employed to modify the performance of different
nanomaterials. The surface configuration and chemical composition of nanomaterials
can be altered by energetic ion beams. The ion beam techniques approach is purely
physical in comparison to conventional methods. These techniques exhibit outstanding
control and reproducibility without adding any impurities to the target materials. Here,
current developments in surface modification of nanomaterials employing ion beam
methods are thoroughly reviewed.
United Voices Group-Singing Intervention to Address Loneliness and Social Isolation Among Older People With HIV During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Intervention Adaption Study (Preprint)
Authors: Hill Miranda , Greene Meredith , Johnson Julene K , Tan Judy Y
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

People living with HIV experience HIV stigma alongside a spectrum of aging-related health conditions that accelerate their vulnerability to the ill effects of loneliness and social isolation. Group-singing interventions are efficacious in improving psychosocial well-being among older people in the general population; however, the social curative effects of group singing have not been explored in relation to HIV stigma. By promoting group identification, bonding, and pride, group singing may reduce loneliness, social isolation, and other negative impacts of HIV stigma among older people living with HIV. Access to group-singing programs may be enhanced by technology.

OBJECTIVE

While group singing has been extensively studied in older adults, group-singing interventions have not been adapted for older people living with HIV to target loneliness and social isolation in the context of HIV stigma. The objective of this study was to describe the systematic development of a group-singing intervention to reduce loneliness and social isolation among older people living with HIV.

METHODS

In the San Francisco Bay Area between February 2019 and October 2019, we engaged older people living with HIV in a rigorous, 8-stage, community-engaged intervention adaptation process using the Assessment, Decision, Adaptation, Production, Topical Experts, Integration, Training, and Testing (ADAPT-ITT) framework. On the basis of a formative assessment of the needs and preferences of older people living with HIV, we selected an evidence-based group-singing intervention for older adults and systematically adapted the intervention components by administering them to a community advisory council (n=13).

RESULTS

The result was United Voices, a 12-week hybrid (web-based and in-person) group-singing intervention for older people living with HIV. United Voices comprises 12 web-based (ie, via Zoom [Zoom Video Communications]) rehearsals, web-based and in-person drop-in helpdesk sessions, and a professionally produced final concert recording.

CONCLUSIONS

Through an iterative process and in consultation with stakeholders and topic experts, we refined and manualized United Voices and finalized the design of a pilot randomized controlled trial to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention protocol and procedures. The findings provide insights into the barriers and facilitators involved in culturally tailoring interventions for older people living with HIV, implementing intervention adaptations within web-based environments, and the promise of developing hybrid music-based interventions for older adults with HIV.