bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF UNIVERSITY ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE IN ANTI-FRAUD SYSTEMS (CASE STUDY AT UNIVERSITY X)
Authors: Ginting Jeremy Bastanta , Panggabean Hana
Published: October 2019

University is expected to be a role model in the application of Good Corporate Governance (GCG), because it is the place where the values related to idealism are developed. In practicing GCG’s principles, organizational culture acts as a top layer for an early detection system against fraud. The purpose of this study is to measure the level of the internalization of organizational culture in University X. The data were collected through questionnaires distributed to selected education staff of University X. Sampling was done using sampling stratified technique with 180 participants. The research data were analyzed using descriptive statistical technique by exerting theoretical mean from the result of data collected to measure the level of understanding and application of behavior of university values. The results show that there is a gap between the expected (ideal) and current (actual) level of organizational culture internalization.
REVITALIZING AND STRENGTHENING THE ROLE OF APIP IN BUILDING STRONG TONE AT THE TOP AS AN EFFORT TO PREVENT CORRUPTION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Budirahardjo Renaldo , Baskara Septa Ananta Bobby
Published: October 2019

No country or organization can fully avoid the risk of fraud. The most common fraud in Indonesia is corruption. Corruption has become a culture that is very difficult to separate in every sector especially in the government sector. Sadly, many corruption cases involve regional leaders. Indirectly, the bad example or tone at the top of the leader is one of the causes of the culture of corruption still inherent in the government sector. Corruption in the government sector will certainly have an impact on the declining quality of public services in the community. Weak internal control systems, consisting of both hard control and soft control, in Government are one of the main factors that leads the leaders having the opportunity and motivation to commit corruption continuously. Within the Indonesian Government there isGovernment Internal Auditor (hereinafter referred to Aparat Pengawasan Intern Pemerintah / APIP). APIP is expected to be able to answer the need for the current audit profession. The new paradigm demands the role of APIP not only acting as a supervisor but also a controller. As a Controller, APIP plays a role in guiding and ensuring that all existing processes in government to achieve objectives have been implemented accountably and can minimize risks especially fraud risks by performing several roles such as consulting and assurance service to prevent, detect, and prove the occurrence of fraud through an active role in the whistleblowing system, risk-based audit,forensic audit and continuous audit. To support the role of APIP, it is necessary to strengthen the institutional, regulation and capabilitysectors so that APIP's role can be effective and maximal. If APIP's role is effective in establishing a good control system then the opportunities and wishes of a local leader in committingcorruption is also small so the leaders can provide good tone at the top for subordinates. Thus, it will be able to form a strong anti-corruption culture for any regional leaders. Therefore,the revitalization and strengthening of APIP can be used as a strategy in making anti-corruption system and culture in Indonesia
FINDING ANTI-FRAUD ATTITUDE IN MODERN KARTINI’S LEADERSHIP IN INDONESIA
Authors: Maharani Risca Hanesty , Hohoubun Rizky Alfajri Azwad , Maharani Nikita Dwi
Published: October 2019

A leader should have capacity and important role in developing ethics in society. A qualified leader is the most valuable asset to the community. In this modern era, women are no longer always considered weak and having no right to run a leadership in society. The number of female leaders is increasing rapidly today. It is expected that the modern women in Indonesian truly fight for the rights of Indonesian women and can create female leaders who have high honesty and integrity. Unfortunately, data from the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) shows that recently more and more women were caught red-handed committing fraud in the form of corruption. In fact, some female leaders also commit corruption, the most detrimental act of fraud. In conclusion, corruption turns out to be committed not only by male leaders but also by female leaders. Therefore, anti-corruption attitude should be instilled in female leaders by revitalizing R.A. Kartini's positive attitude and character consisting of firm, honest, wise, and simple.
RESTORING THE CAPACITY OF LEADERSHIP AS ROLE MODEL TO BUILD ANTI FRAUD CULTURE AND SYSTEM: A STUDY OF INDONESIA
Authors: Roseline Esther
Published: October 2019

Fraud poses an enormous threat to all kinds of organizations worldwide, with its risks continue to increase in number and complexity. In Indonesia itself, rampant fraud and corruption still inflict our business climate and impede our national development ruthlessly. As the battle against fraud is evolving, the role of leadership is widely recognized as the crucial element in fraud management framework. Nonetheless, as much as many people’s trust towards leaders’ integrity seems to atrophy, whether leadership is still able to make a difference remains a big question mark. With its capacity crippled by a vicious cycle of fraud, the scope of leadership may be severely limited even if it were possible. For this reason, it is important to realize that the capacity of leadership needs to be restored in order to become role model in building anti-fraud culture and system. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore accounts of leadership, identify the impact of leadership on anti-fraud culture and system, describe the way fraud works in undermining the capacity of leadership, and finally to elaborate the solutions to restore the capacity of leadership as role model to build anti-fraud culture and system in an organization. To achieve these goals, the author delves into various literature, journals, books, reports, applicable laws and general principles of law, as well as conducts an empirical research through a survey. The survey was conducted with 358 respondents, of which the 142 are Indonesian citizen working in public sector, and 216 in private sector. Focusing on Indonesia, this research paper will reveal the current public perception towards leadership, unfold the real condition of leadership, discover an existing vicious cycle of fraud that entraps leaders, and proffer strategy to solve this problematic leadership issue.
CORRUPT BEHAVIOR IN A PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Restya Winda Putri Diah
Published: October 2019

This study focuses on understanding the corrupt behavior through psychological perspective. The discussion of corruption is always worth to be studied, becauseacts of corruption are different from any ordinary fraud. These actions tend to have a broad impact, and can even make the destruction of a country. This is what distinguishes it from common criminal offenses at the community level. This study seeks to answer the questions on what is the motive underlying corruption, how will the corrupt behavior affect the perpetrators and how are coping strategies undertaken by the corruptor through GONE theory proposed by Jack Bologne: Greed, Opportunity, Need and Exposure. The data of this studies were obtained using qualitative research approach through the in-depth interview method and non-participant observation.. Data were collected in Correctional Institution ClassII B Kajhu – Aceh through three participants. The results show that there are two motives underlying corrupt behavior: Opprtunities and Need, while the motive for Greed is not proven. The impact of corrupt behavior on the individual concerned is the feeling of shame, the loss of self-esteem as a member of the community and also as the head of the family. The coping strategy used by the corruptor was bysuppressing the negative emotions and focusing more on positive thingsuch as being closer to God Almighty.
The Analysis of Company Decisions in Choosing Sukuk and Bonds Using Logit Model
Authors: Pribadi Sukma Kukuh , Wibowo Buddi
Published: October 2019

Sukuk has become one of alternative financing for corporate. The development of Sukuk provides the flexibility choices of company’s funding decisions that required their needs and capabilities. Sukuk market in Indonesia is the second largest in emerging East Asia in terms of size but the number of issued Sukuk lower than a conventional bond. This study aims to obtain empirical evidence that the characteristics of the company influence the decision of the company in issuing Sukuk and bonds using the logit model. The results of this study conclude: (1) leverage has a negative influence and significant (2) size of the firm has a positive influence and significant (3) fixed assets has a positive influence and significant to the decision of the company in issuing Sukuk.
Balanced Scorecard: Strategy Towards World Class University
Authors: Junusi Rahman El , Musahadi Musahadi , Yuningrum Heny
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this research is how to implement the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) at UIN Walisongo in an effort towards world class university (WCU). The research design is policy research using explorative descriptive analysis techniques. The results show that in perspective (1) changes in research organizations: international collaborative research and international publications need to be improved, (2) human resource policies, increasing the number of professors and doctors and staff education, based on educational qualifications are still limited (3) academic programs, international accredited study programs need to be started, (4) Internal Governance, as an anti-corruption campus that applies the best Integrity zone in PTKI and (5) Funds, develops and explores funding sources from domestic and foreign partners to strengthen the internationalization program towards WCU.Tujuan penelitian adalah bagaimana implementasi BSC pada UIN Walisongo dalam upaya menuju  world class university (WCU). Desain penelitian adalah penelitian kebijakan dengan menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif eksploratif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam perspektif (1) perubahan organisasi: penelitian,  masih terbatasnya  penelitian kolaboratif internasional dan publikasi internasional, (2) kebijakan sumber daya manusia, meningkatkan jumlah profesor dan doktor dan pendidikan staf, berdasarkan kualifikasi pendidikan masih terbatas (3) program akademik, program studi terakreditasi internasional perlu dimulai, (4) Tata Kelola Internal, sebagai kampus anti-korupsi yang menerapkan zona Integritas terbaik di PTKI dan (5) Dana, mengembangkan dan mengeksplorasi sumber pendanaan dari mitra domestik dan asing untuk memperkuat program internasionalisasi menuju WCU.
Erratum: Optimisation of functional sausage formulation with konjac and inulin: using D-Optimal mixture design
Authors: Safaei Fahimeh , Abhari Khadijeh , Khosroshahi Nader Karimian , Hosseini Hedayat , Jafari Mojtaba
Published: October 2019

The Editorial Office of Foods and Raw Materials would like to report an error in the published paper ‘Optimisation of functional sausage formulation with konjac and inulin: using D-Optimal mixture design’. Foods and Raw Materials, 2019, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 177–184. DOI: http://doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2019-1-177-184. The affiliation of Mojtaba Jafari should be changed from ‘Food Sciences and Technology Department, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran’ to ‘Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin Branch, Qazvin, Iran’. We apologise to the author for any inconvenience caused by this mistake. The change does not affect the scientific results. The manuscript will be updated and the original will remain available on the article webpage.
Full recycling of citric acid wastewater through anaerobic digestion, air-stripping and pH control
Authors: Wang Jiang-Bo , Zhang Rui-Jing , Mao Zhong-Gui , Xue Dong-Sheng , Zhu Zheng-Jun , Yu Han-Chao , Cai Feng-Jiao , Cai Lin-Yang , Bao Jia-Wei , Xu Jian
Published: October 2019

Anaerobic digestion effluent (ADE) from the anaerobic digestion treatment of citric acid wastewater can be reused as a potential substitute for process water in the citric acid fermentation. However, excessive sodium contained in ADE significantly decreases citric acid production. In this paper, the inhibition mechanism of sodium on citric acid fermentation was investigated. We demonstrated that excessive sodium did not increase oxidative stress for Aspergillus niger, but reduced the pH of the medium significantly over the period 4–24 h, which led to lower activities of glucoamylase and isomaltase secreted by A. niger, with a decrease of available sugar concentration and citric acid production. ADE was pretreated by air-stripping prior to recycle and 18 g/L calcium carbonate was added at the start of fermentation to control the pH of the medium. The inhibition caused by ADE was completely alleviated and citric acid production substantially increased from 118.6 g/L to 141.4 g/L, comparable to the fermentation with deionized water (141.2 g/L). This novel process could decrease wastewater discharges and fresh water consumption in the citric acid industry, with benefit to the environment.
Anaokuluna Devam Eden 66 Ayını Doldurmuş Çocukların Öz Düzenleme Becerileri İle Akran İlişkileri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Pazarbaşı Hüray , Esin Cantez Kadriye
Published: October 2019

Araştırmada, öz düzenleme becerileri
ve akran ilişkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çocukların öz düzenleme becerileri
ile akran ilişkileri arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Araştırmaya Ankara ilinde
bir özel anaokuluna devam eden 66 ayını doldurmuş 56 çocuk katılmıştır. Çocukların
öz düzenleme becerilerini ölçmek için Okul Öncesi Öz Düzenleme Ölçeği, akran
ilişkilerini ölçmek için ise Ladd ve Profilet Çocuk Davranış Ölçeği
kullanılmıştır. Nicel model kullanılan araştırmada betimsel analiz yapılmış ve
ilişkisel tarama deseni kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 25.0
istatistik paket programı kullanılmış ve verilerin değerlendirmesinde frekans
analizi, Pearson Korelasyon analizi, oneway anova testi, t-testi uygulanmıştır.
Araştırma ile, öz düzenlemenin ve akran ilişkilerinin arasında akranlarına
karşı yardımı amaçlayan sosyal davranış gösterme puanı arttıkça dikkat puanı, davranış
düzenleme puanı ve sosyallik puanı artarken, aşırı hareketlilik puanı arttıkça
dikkat puanının azaldığı, saldırganlık puanı arttıkça dikkat puanının azaldığı,
dışlanmışlık puanı arttıkça dikkat puanının ve davranış düzenleme puanının azaldığı
gibi çeşitli anlamlı ilişkilere rastlanmıştır.

Bu çalışmada elde edilen veriler
sonucu öz düzenleme becerileri ile akran ilişkileri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki
olduğu ortaya çıkmaktadır.
Maternal Obesity, Maternal Overnutrition and Fetal Programming: Effects of Epigenetic Mechanisms on the Development of Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Şanlı Ezgi , Kabaran Seray
Published: October 2019

Background:

Maternal obesity and maternal overnutrition, can lead to epigenetic alterations during pregnancy and these alterations can influence fetal and neonatal phenotype which increase the risk of metabolic disorders in later stages of life.

Objective:

The effects of maternal obesity on fetal programming and potential mechanisms of maternal epigenetic regulation of gene expression which have persistent effects on fetal health and development were investigated.

Method:

Review of the literature was carried out in order to discuss the effects of maternal obesity and epigenetic mechanisms in fetal programming of metabolic disorders. All abstracts and full-text articles were examined and the most relevant articles were included in this review.

Results:

Maternal obesity and maternal overnutrition during fetal period has important overall effects on long-term health. Maternal metabolic alterations during early stages of fetal development can lead to permanent changes in organ structures, cell numbers and metabolism. Epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNAs) play an important role in disease susceptibility in the later stages of human life. Maternal nutrition alter expression of hypothalamic genes which can increase fetal and neonatal energy intake. Epigenetic modifications may affect the increasing rate of obesity and other metabolic disorders worldwide since the impact of these changes can be passed through generations.

Conclusion:

Weight management before and during pregnancy, together with healthy nutritional intakes may improve the maternal metabolic environment, which can reduce the risks of fetal programming of metabolic diseases. Further evidence from long-term follow-up studies are needed in order to determine the role of maternal obesity on epigenetic mechanisms.
Metformin: Up to Date
Authors: Sciannimanico Silvia , Grimaldi Franco , Vescini Fabio , De Pergola Giovanni , Iacoviello Massimo , Licchelli Brunella , Guastamacchia Edoardo , Giagulli Vito A. , Triggiani Vincenzo
Published: October 2019

Background:

Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic agent extensively used as first-line therapy
for type 2 diabetes. It improves hyperglycemia by suppressing hepatic glucose production and
increasing glucose uptake in muscles. Metformin improves insulin sensitivity and shows a beneficial
effect on weight control. Besides its metabolic positive effects, Metformin has direct effects on inflammation
and can have immunomodulatory and antineoplastic properties.

Aim:

The aim of this narrative review was to summarize the up-to-date evidence from the current literature
about the metabolic and non-metabolic effects of Metformin.

Methods:

We reviewed the current literature dealing with different effects and properties of Metformin
and current recommendations about the use of this drug. We identified keywords and MeSH terms in
Pubmed and the terms Metformin and type 2 diabetes, type 1 diabetes, pregnancy, heart failure, PCOS,
etc, were searched, selecting only significant original articles and review in English, in particular of the
last five years.

Conclusion:

Even if many new effective hypoglycemic agents have been launched in the market in the
last few years, Metformin would always keep a place in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and its comorbidities
because of its multiple positive effects and low cost.
Software-Defined Security Architecture for a Smart Home Networks Using Token Sharing Mechanism
Authors: Saxena Utkarsh , Sodhi J.S , Singh Yaduveer
Published: October 2019

Background:

Several approaches were proposed earlier to provide a secure infrastructure
dependent communication in a smart home network. Some used overlay networks, some used lightweight
encryption techniques, and some used honey pot techniques. However, all the approaches are
vulnerable to network attacks due to the dependency on the device and server, and due to centralization,
there exists a higher chance of attacks.

Objective:

To develop a security architecture that is more resilient to cyber-attacks and less dependent
on any complex network parameter, i.e. an encryption algorithm or an overlay network.

Methods:

Authentication module along with squid performs token generation, and monitoring module
helps devices to communicate with each other. The integrity protection module performs data
integrity and the expiration of token is performed by the access module with the clock. Our approach
meets with all the security aspects of a smart home network.

Results:

The analysis of our secure architecture showed that this architecture provides more flexibility,
robustness in terms of Load Balancing, Network Lifetime maximization, Failure Management,
Energy efficiency, Link quality, and heterogeneity of the network as compared to other existing security
policies or architecture.

Conclusion:

The proposed framework ensures and improves all the security requirements for a
smart home network. Token-based authentication is much secure and robust as compared to traditional
approaches. This framework is suited for secure communication in a smart home environment,
but it lacks for controlling zero-day attacks. In the future, we will improve its resilience
against the zero-day attacks and also enhance security features in the current architecture.
Mitigation of Radiation-Induced Gastrointestinal System Injury by Melatonin: A Histopathological Study
Authors: Sadeghi Hossein , Bagheri Hamed , Shekarchi Babak , Javadi Abdolreza , Najafi Masoud
Published: October 2019

Aims :

The current study aimed to investigate the potential role of melatonin in the mitigation
of radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury.

Background:

Organs of the gastrointestinal system such as the intestines, colon, duodenum, ileum
etc. are sensitive to ionizing radiation. Mitigation of radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury is an
interesting topic in radiobiology and a life-saving approach for exposed persons after a radiation
event or improving the quality of life of radiotherapy patients.

Methods:

40 male mice were randomly assigned into four groups namely G1: control, G2: melatonin
treatment, G3: whole-body irradiation, and G4: melatonin treatment after whole-body irradiation.
A cobalt-60 gamma-ray source was used to deliver 7 Gy to the whole body. 100 mg/kg melatonin
was administered orally 24 h after irradiation and continued for 5 days. Thirty days after
irradiation, histopathological evaluations were performed.

Results:

The whole-body irradiation led to remarkable inflammation, villi shortening, apoptosis and
damage to goblet cells of the small intestine. Furthermore, moderate to severe inflammation, apoptosis,
congestion, crypt injury and goblet cell damage were reported for the colon. Treatment with
melatonin after whole-body irradiation led to significant mitigation of radiation toxicity in both
small and large intestines.

Conclusion:

Melatonin could mitigate intestinal injury following whole-body exposure to radiation.
Treatment with melatonin after an accidental exposure to radiation may increase survival via mitigation
of damages to radiosensitive organs, including the gastrointestinal system.
The increase of writing skill ability of the specific functional officials through learning method innovation: case study in Bangka Belitung Islands province
Authors: Suwandana Endan
Published: October 2019

Abstract: This study aims to examine whether the Reverse Thinking method can improve the ability of trainees in writing papers published in scientific journals. The Reverse Thinking Method is a paper writing method that starts not from writing the introduction, but starts from processing the data. This study was conducted using a quantitative descriptive approach with the help of simple statistical analysis. The object of the study was 40 training participants of the scientific papers (KTI) writing, consisting of certain functional officials in the Provincial Government of the Bangka Belitung Islands. The training was held at the Regional Human Resources Development Agency (BPSDMD) in the Province of Bangka Belitung Province in March 2019. Evaluations were carried out on cognitive, affective and practical aspects. Data collection from the respondents was done using Google Form Questionnaires. The results showed that the Reverse Thinking method was very effective in improving the ability of writing papers, because 90% of trainees successfully submitted their papers to scientific journals on the last day of the training. The cognitive abilities of the participants also increased from the class average of 54.61 to 75.76. Motivation of participants also increased as indicated by the value of 8-10, from a Likert scale of 1-10. Peningkatan kemampuan pejabat fungsional tertentu  dalam menulis paper melalui inovasi metode pembelajaran: studi kasus provinsi Kepulauan Bangka belitungAbstrak: Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji apakah metode Berpikir Terbalik mampu meningkatkan kemampuan peserta pelatihan dalam menulis makalah (paper) yang diterbitkan pada jurnal ilmiah. Metode Berpikir Terbalik adalah metode penulisan paper yang dimulai bukan dari menyusun pendahuluan, melainkan dimulai dari mengolah data. Kajian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan bantuan analisis statistik sederhana. Objek penelitian adalah 40 orang peserta pelatihan penulisan karya tulis ilmiah (KTI) yang terdiri dari para pejabat fungsional tertentu di lingkungan Pemerintah Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Pelatihan diselenggarakan di Badan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Daerah (BPSDMD) Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung pada Bulan Maret 2019. Evaluasi dilakukan terhadap aspek kognitif, afektif dan praktis. Pengumpulan data dari responden dilakukan dengan menggunakan angket Google Form. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode Berpikir Terbalik sangat efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan dalam menulis paper, karena 90% peserta pelatihan berhasil mengirimkan naskah paper ke jurnal ilmiah pada hari terakhir pelatihan. Kemampuan kognitif peserta pun meningkat dari rata-rata kelas 54,61 menjadi 75,76. Motivasi peserta pun meningkat yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai 8–10, dari skala Likert 1–10.
Children's intelligence development training for Aisyiyah kindergarten teachers
Authors: Sholikhah Ebni , Rohman Arif , Hanum Farida , Efianingrum Ariefa , Sukardi Joko Sri
Published: October 2019

Abstract: Early childhood is the golden age to develop their potential multiple intelligences. However, educational activities have often been reduced as teaching and schooling which centered on static transfer of knowledge and sometimes forget to develop non-academic intelligence. This paper aims to describe Aisyiyah teachers training in Banyuwangi Regency to develop the potential multiple intelligence in early childhood. We used dialogical lectures, exercises (simulations), and assistance as the methods. The results showed that 49.74% of 38 participants were satisfied, 48.70% were very satisfied, and only 1.56% were dissatisfied with the contents, methods, and facilities provided. This shows that contents of the material improve teacher's knowledge and could be applied in the teaching environment. The teacher also feels that they gained new experience because never attended a similar training before. Therefore, this kind of training needs to be continued and improved to improve teacher professionalism. Pelatihan pengembangan kecerdasan majemuk anak bagi guru tk AisyiyahAbstrak: Usia anak adalah usia emas untuk mengembangkan potensi kecerdasan majemuk yang dimiliki. Akan tetapi, selama ini kegiatan pendidikan sering direduksi sebagai kegiatan pengajaran dan persekolahan yang terpusat pada transfer pengetahuan secara statis dan terkadang lupa untuk mengembangkan kecerdasan non akademik. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pelatihan guru Aisyiyah kabupaten Banyuwangi dalam mengembangkan potensi kecerdasan majemuk anak usia dini. Metode yang digunakan berupa ceramah dialogis, latihan (simulasi), dan pendampingan. Dari 38 sasaran, hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa 49.74% puas, 48.70% sangat puas, dan hanya 1.56% tidak puas terhadap isi, metode, maupun fasilitas yang disediakan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa isi materi sesuai dan dapat menambah pengetahuan guru untuk diaplikasikan di lingkungan kerjanya. Guru juga merasa mendapat pengalaman baru karena belum pernah mengikuti pelatihan serupa sebelumnya. Oleh karena itu, untuk meningkatkan profesionalitas guru, pelatihan semacam ini perlu dilanjutkan dan ditingkatkan.
Evaluation of the implementation of the 2013 curriculum reviewed from the aspect of the learning process and assessment of learning outcomes (case study: SMA / SMK / MA Pringsewu regency)
Authors: Trisnawati Trisnawati , Anggraeni Leni , Waziana Winia , Puspita Dian
Published: October 2019

Abstract: This study aims to determine and evaluate the implementation of the 2013 curriculum specifically in aspects of the learning process and aspects of assessment of learning outcomes. This study is a qualitative descriptive study, with the population being SMA / SMK equivalent in Pringsewu Regency while the sample is 10 high school / SMK level schools in Pringsewu Regency selected from 9 different sub regency. In terms of the learning process aspect, achieving the highest percentage is the teacher's understanding of the subject matter in student textbooks, while the lowest percentage is the suitability of learning procedures with a scientific approach. In terms of the assessment of learning outcomes, the highest percentage achievement is the teacher's understanding of the concepts and applications of midterm tests, while the lowest percentage is the teacher's understanding of portfolio-based assessment concepts and applications. The results of the overall analysis show that, in terms of the learning process aspects and assessment of learning outcomes, the implementation of K-13 at the SMA/SMK/MA level in Pringsewu Regency was in a good category although there were still a few things that needed to be improved.Evaluasi implementasi kurikulum 2013  ditinjau dari aspek proses pembelajaran dan penilaian hasil belajar (studi kasus: SMA/SMK/MA Kabupaten Pringsewu)Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengevaluasi implementasi kurikulum 2013 khususnya dalam aspek proses pembelajaran dan aspek penilaian hasil belajar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, dengan populasinya adalah SMA/SMK sederajat di kabupaten pringsewu lampung sedangkan sampelnya adalah 10 SMA/SMK sederajat di kabupaten Pringsewu Lampung yang dipilih dari 9 kecamatan yang berbeda. Ditinjau dari aspek proses pembelajaran, pencapaian persentase tertinggi adalah pemahaman guru tentang materi pelajaran yang ada di buku pelajaran siswa, sedangkan persentase terendah adalah kesesuaian prosedur pembelajaran dengan pendekatan saintifik. Ditinjau dari aspek penilaian hasil belajar, pencapaian persentase tertinggi adalah pemahaman guru tentang konsep dan aplikasi ulangan tengah semester, sedangkan persentase terendah adalah pemahaman guru tentang konsep dan aplikasi penilaian berbasis portofolio. Hasil analisis secara menyeluruh menunjukkan bahwa ditinjau dari aspek proses pembelajaran dan penilaian hasil belajar, implementasi K-13 di tingkat SMA/SMK/MA di kabupaten Pringsewu berada pada kategori baik meskipun masih ada beberapa hal yang perlu diperbaiki.
The ABCD Risk Questionnaire: Further Evidence of Validity and Reliability Using a Facebook Sample (Preprint)
Authors: Obamiro Kehinde , Lee Simone , Cooper Amanda , Barnett Tony
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally with more than 17 million deaths reported worldwide in 2015. Recently, the ABCD Risk Questionnaire was developed as a concise, validated and easy to use questionnaire, using participants attending the National Health Service (NHS) Health Check program in the United Kingdom. Since its development, it is yet to be used in the general population online or offline to provide further evidence of its validity and reliability.

OBJECTIVE

This study investigated the construct validity and reliability of the ABCD Risk Questionnaire and compared cardiovascular disease knowledge, perception of risk, perceived benefits of behaviour change and healthy eating intention between urban and rural dwellers.

METHODS

A cross-sectional survey that recruited Tasmanian residents aged 18 years or older.

RESULTS

With the exception of the cardiovascular disease knowledge subscale, all other subscales demonstrated acceptable values for both construct validity and reliability analyses. Rural dwellers had a higher perceived risk of heart attack and stroke (19.45 versus 18.42; p<0.001) compared to urban dwellers. No significant differences were observed for cardiovascular disease knowledge, perceived benefits of behaviour change, and healthy eating intention.

CONCLUSIONS

This study provides evidence supporting the validity and reliability of the subscales of the ABCD Risk Questionnaire. This suggest that the questionnaire can be used in the general population in an online environment, and in the development of educational materials. The study also provided preliminary evidence that the perceived personal risk of heart attack and stroke is higher in rural compared to urban dwellers in Tasmania. Further studies using a random sample from the population is required. Further testing of the ABCD Risk Questionnaire against the Pooled Cohort Risk Equation for estimating atherosclerotic CVD risk (2013 PCE‐ASCVD) or the 1991 Framingham model is also recommended. This may be useful in planning and developing online health initiatives for cardiovascular disease.
The Frequency of Asymptomatic Sacroiliitis in Jordanian Patients with Crohn’s Disease. Assessment by Magnetic Resonance Enterography
Authors: Samara Osama , Al Jabi Mira , Al-Kubaisi Sarah , Abuleil Bashar , AlRyalat Saif Aldeen , Al Ryalat Nosaiba , Rayyan Yaser
Published: October 2019

Background: our aim was to assess frequency of asymptomatic sacroiliitis (SI) in patients with Crohns disease referred for magnetic resonant enterography (MRE) as a part of small bowel evaluation. Methods: this was a retrospective study of all patients with Crohns disease who were referred for MRE between January of 2016 to October of 2017 to Jordan University Hospital. All MRE were reviewed by an experienced radiologist and SI was diagnosed and graded based on predefined MRI criteria. All patients were contacted and assessed for symptomatic SI based on Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) criteria of 2009 for axial spondyloarthropathy. All patients were included in the final analysis.Results: a total of 60 patients were included, overall 18 (30%) showed evidence of SI, two patients were symptomatic and another two were diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis as assessed by ASAS criteria. Those were excluded. Fourteen (23%) patients were included in the final analysis, with an average age of 36.7 years, 71% males. The average disease duration was 7.25 years. The percentage of ASA used by patients was 50%, Azathioprine 71%, Biologic agents in 36% in combination and single drug was used in 36% of patients.Conclusion: The prevalence of asymptomatic SI based on predefined MRI criteria was 23%, the importance of this finding and future course progression needs further studies.
On the Concepts of Space And Time
Authors: Dong Prof. Zhiyong
Published: October 2019

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On The Concepts of Practice, Theory, Cognition and Rationality
Authors: Dong Prof. Zhiyong
Published: October 2019

This article gives Prof. Zhiyong Dong’s own definition s to the concepts of practice, theory, cognition, rationality.
On The Concepts of Subject, Object, Subjectivity and Objectivity 1
Authors: Dong Prof. Zhiyong
Published: October 2019

This article gives Prof. Zhiyong Dong’s own definitions to the concepts of Subject, Object, Subjectivity and Objectivity.
On The Concepts of Phenomenon, Essence, Form, Matter and Content
Authors: Dong Prof. Zhiyong
Published: October 2019

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CARDIOVASCULAR RISK SCREENING SERVICES IN SUDANESE COMMUNITY PHARMACIES
Authors: SUMIA S MOHAMED  , DALIA A BALLAL
Published: October 2019

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the Sudanese community pharmacists' knowledge and practice of cardiovascular disease risk assessment services.Methods: The study was conducted as a non-interventional, descriptive, cross sectional community-pharmacy based survey.Results: The Response rate was 91%. The obese and the elderly received the highest ratings for cardiovascular disease risk assessment. Hypertension, type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and ages >55 and 36-55 years were mostly targeted for screening. Variable responses were reported regarding the type of fasting lipid profile that is screened. One third of the participants claimed to have screening evaluation forms. Most participants had the appropriate equipment for screening but only a few had cholesterol measures. Only 27% reported the use of cardiovascular risk charts or calculator for the evaluation. Overwhelming majority had no documentation records and the most available reference was the BNF.Conclusion: The current knowledge and practice of cardiovascular disease risk assessment is poor and need fundamental development. Community pharmacy practice in the Sudan is still product oriented. These services were provided by respondents on voluntary bases without full knowledge or appropriate training on proper assessment and evaluation of the risks that they measured. This needs to change if pharmacyâ€™s potential is to be reached. Collaboration between health authorities and universities is essential to acknowledge the new roles of the pharmacist and provide the appropriate knowledge and training needed to promote and implement the change process that is required.
TOTAL FLAVONOID CONTENT ANALYSIS FOUR ILER ACCESSIONS (COLEUS ATROPURPUREUS [L] BENTH) ON LOWLAND KARANGANYAR, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA
Authors: FITRIA ROVIQOWATI  , YULI WIDIYASTUTI  , SAMANHUDI  , AHMAD YUNUS
Published: October 2019

Objective: Iler is an ornamental plant that can be used as a medicinal plant. An effort to increase the flavonoids content was done by planting Iler in the lowlands with the hope that it can increase the secondary metabolites contained to meet the needs of flavonoids obtained from nature.

Methods: This research was conducted in Tegal Gedhe Village, Karanganyar Regency with an altitude of 182 m above sea level with Brown Mediterranean soil types. The study used a completely randomized block design. The treatment used consists of one factor which was four accessions of iler plants. Analysis of iler extract was done using ethanol, while analysis of thin layer chromatography (TLC) used the n-hexane:ethyl acetate (6:4) and analysis of total flavonoid were used the AlCl3 method using a spectrophotometer.

Results: The total extract content of iler plant in this study was not significantly different, which was accession 1 by 4.009% (±0.36), accession 2 by 5.677% (±0.25), accession 3 by 6.892% (±0.83), and accession 4 by 5.913% (±0.57). TLC analysis shows that accession 1 and accession 2 had 8 spots, while accession 3 and accession 4 formed 9 spots. The highest total flavonoid content was found in accession 2 (5.848% [±0.25]).

Conclusion: Accession 2 has a better morphology such as wider leaves characterized by higher source of flavonoids and longer vegetative life than the other three accessions.
INFLUENCE OF P-GLYCOPROTEIN AND CYTOCHROME ISOENZYME-P3A4 ON BIOAVAILABILITY OF ANTICANCER DRUGS WITH CURCUMIN BY IN SITU INTESTINAL PERFUSION IN MALE WISTAR RATS
Authors: MANOJ KANNA NALLA  , SHANKARAIAH PULIGILLA
Published: October 2019

Objectives: An orally administered anticancer drug has been poor drug absorption; drug resistance and metabolism, which alters the bioavailability of drugs. An in situ intestine perfusion technique is developing under the different perfusion rates in the presence of drug inducers and inhibitors of cytochrome isoenzyme-P (CYP)-3A4 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) for drug concentrations.

Materials and Methods: The modified in situ intestinal perfusion technique was developed and followed to obtain the portal and hepatic venous blood samples paralleled at different perfusion time and flow rates of 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mL/min using the imatinib (1 mg/mL) drug alone and in the presence of drug inducer and drug inhibitor for the period of 3 h. The imatinib drug concentrations were assayed using high-pressure liquid chromatography.

Results: The results reveal that the mean imatinib drug concentrations in portal vein were higher than hepatic vein at various perfusion flow rates and time intervals were observed. The area under curve and plasma drug concentrations maximum of imatinib alone absorptions were significantly different between portal and hepatic veins (p<0.05) at the flow rates of 0.5 and 1.0 mL/min and also in the presence of drug inducer and inhibitors that indicating for the considerable hepatic involvement in the presystemic extraction or metabolism of drugs.

Conclusions: The in situ perfusions approach could provide the useful tool for improving the basic understanding of absorption kinetics and hepatic metabolism of drugs in the presence of drug inducers and drug inhibitors (CYP3A4 and P-gp) under the development and facilitating the clinical applications.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MODIFIED ORAL CHRONOTROPIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS OF TRAMADOL HYDROCHLORIDE FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PAIN
Authors: PASAM JYOTHIRMAYI  , DEVALARAO G  , MANDAVA VENKATA BASAVESWARA RAO
Published: October 2019

Objective: The main aim was to develop a modified oral chronotropic system for timed release tramadol hydrochloride (tramadol HCl). Biological rhythms are highly organized for all functions of the human body both in health and in disease. Hence, drug delivery systems were designed to make possible the treatment of illness based on biological rhythms for improving therapeutic efficacy.
Materials and Methods: These systems consist of immediate release core tablet of tramadol HCl using different materials such as SSG, crospovidone, pregelatinized starch and then coated with Tamarindus gum, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and their combination. This coated tablet is enteric coated with Eudragit L 100, Eudragit S100 to produce lag time period of 5 h.
Results: Immediate release systems are optimized with formulation F6 containing pregelatinized starch as an immediate release agent, the formulation is coated with Tamarindus gum, HPMC, and their combination. The release retardant behavior of Tamarindus gum was evaluated in compressed coated formulations. This coated tablet is enteric coated with Eudragit L 100, Eudragit S100 to release the drug after the lag time period of 5 h.
Conclusion: A modified oral chronotropic system for timed release of tramadol HCl was made possible with the compressed coated tablets CF3 which shows better drug release followed by enteric coating with Es c coat fulfilled our objective of work.
EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-ARTHRITIC POTENTIAL OF FRACTIONS OF ECLIPTA PROSTRATA LINN
Authors: HITESH MALHOTRA  , MANJUSHA CHOUDHARY
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of the study was to establish the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic potential of various fractions of Eclipta prostrata Linn.

Methods: The four fractions, i.e., n-butanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and n-hexane from hydro-alcoholic extract were obtained. First, the fractions were evaluated through in vitro models, and then they were evaluated by in vivo anti-inflammatory model, i.e., carrageenan-induced paw edema model. Further, two active fractions were evaluated for the anti-arthritic activity using formaldehyde induced arthritis model.

Results: The fractions at a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg showed an anti-inflammatory activity, but the ethyl acetate and chloroform fraction will show maximum anti-inflammatory potential. Hence, they are further evaluated for anti-arthritic potential where they show significant activity.

Conclusion: From the results, it is concluded that the ethyl acetate and chloroform fraction show significant anti-arthritic activity.
The THERAPEUTIC IMPORTANCE OF GUMS IN FOLK MEDICINE FROM EASTERN GHATS, ANDHRA PRADESH
Authors: VENKATA RATNAM K  , TIRUPATI REDDY G  , VENKATA RAJU RR
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of the present study is to collect ethnobotanical information of gums of medicinal plants from Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh.

Methods: Intensive ethnobotanical field trips were conducted in the forests of Eastern Ghats to collect firsthand information on therapeutic importance of gums used in folk medicine.

Results: The present report deals with the therapeutic importance of gums in folk medicine used by local tribes inhabiting in and around the forests of Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh. The results of the present study revealed that 21 crude drugs belong to 19 genera and 14 families of higher plants. The critical review of literature on crude drugs with reference to that of Eastern Ghats revealed that 13 crude drugs are hitherto not known to the science. 24 herbal formulations are commonly prepared by the local people to cure 14 human ailments. Out of 21 crude drugs reported in the present study, 10 crude drugs have pharmaceutical importance, namely drug delivery agents (Acacia), disintegrate in tablets (Sterculia), thickeners in oral liquids (Acacia and Mangifera), dilutents, binders, gelling agents in gels (Butea, Neem, and Moringa), and protective colloids in suspensions (Anogeissus) and bases in suppository.

Conclusion: Natural gums of plant origin have multifarious pharmaceutical applications. In view of the potential crude drugs with promising therapeutic properties used by the tribal people, there is a need to take up the phytochemical and pharmacological investigations.
FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF CURCUMIN-LOADED SOLID SELF-NANOEMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR COLON CARCINOMA
Authors: CHENMALA KARTHIKA  , RAMAN SURESHKUMAR  , AMEER SUHAIL
Published: October 2019

Objective: Cancer is the deadliest disease affecting the life of the people all around the world. Colon cancer is the cancer which is affecting the colon region it is the last part of the gastrointestinal tract which is mainly responsible for the absorption of water and minerals from the food debris. Colon cancer is the second most cancer creating death in the world. It affects both male and female equally. Curcumin is a flavonoid used from decades for the treatment of various ailments including cancer. This present work is to formulate Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery (SNEDDS) system with the help of curcumin for colon delivery.

Materials and Methods: Nanoemulsion was prepared using the curcumin pre-concentrated self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system, with which tablets were prepared and coated with pectin followed by the evaluation test such as in vitro dissolution and cell line studies.

Results: Solubility profile of curcumin was found with a greater impact using Capmul MCM and Labrafac PG which is then added with the surfactants and co-surfactants and were converted into Nano-droplets. F1 formulation was selected after carrying out the characterisation studies and converted into a tablet dosage form and then coated with pectin, in vitro studies depicted a release of 80% in pH 6.8.

Conclusions: Formulation of a solid self-Nano emulsifying drug delivery system using curcumin was successfully carried out. From the results obtained, the formulation (F1) was selected for the formation of the tablets and the further experimental part is carried out. The tablet dosage form is then coated with pectin and used for targeting the colon cancer cells for its treatment.