bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Light Bleaching with Metal Halide Lamps: Effects on Naturally Aged Paper
Authors: Verborg Marion
Published: February 2016

The paper describes the effects of light bleaching with metal halide lamps on selected chemical and mechanical properties of six different naturally aged 18th-21st century papers. Treatments included: pre-washing under ambient light, prolonged immersion in a dilute calcium hydroxide solution while kept in the dark, exposure to high-intensity light in dry condition, and immersion in a dilute calcium hydroxide solution while exposed to high-intensity light (light bleaching treatment). The effects of the treatments on the papers were evaluated by the Yellowness Index (YI), pH, tensile strength (0-span tensile test) and the degree of polymerization. All these measurements and tests were repeated after artificial thermal ageing to evaluate the treatment effects over the long term. Light bleaching proved effective in reducing the yellowing in the rag paper after treatment and after ageing, although some colour reversion was observed after ageing. Light bleaching treatment brightened the chemical woodpulp paper, but the effect was nullified after ageing due to a high degree of colour reversion. Light bleaching showed only limited brightening effects on woodpulp paper after treatment; woodpulp paper samples darkened more during ageing than the rag paper and chemical woodpulp paper. Immersion in the alkaline bath increased the pH of all papers tested in this study and exposure to light in dry condition turned out to be detrimental for the pH both after exposure and after ageing. Exposure to light in dry condition and aqueous light bleaching both caused a decrease in the tensile strength of paper samples in the short-term. Light bleaching treatment caused a decrease in the degree of polymerisation of cellulose after treatment and after ageing.
Electrostatic Removal of Loose Particulate Surface Contamination from Historical Photographs / Elektrostatische Abnahme lose aufliegender partikulärer Verunreinigungen von historischen Photographien / Dissolution électrostatique des particules libres contaminant la surface de photographies historiques
Authors: Frank Marie-Louise , Becker Ernst , Schultz Julia , Hähner Ulrike , Brückle Irene , Petersen Karin
Published: February 2016

This article discusses the use of electrostatic cleaning technology to remove loose particulate surface contamination - which here includes microbial contaminants such as spores, conidia and hyphal fragments - from two 19th century albumen photographs mounted on cardboard. The results of this study, obtained using light microscopy, SEM/EDX and microbiological methods, as well as conservators' visual evaluation, show that the technology is fundamentally suitable for removing microbial contamination from photographic prints and their cardboard mounts. Cleaning the surface four times with electrostatically charged foils reduced the microbial contamination by up to 70%. The surface of the albumen print, which is sensitive to abrasion, was not harmed, and its characteristic features were not changed. The photographs, which were partly delaminated from the cardboard support and the mechanically weakened cardboard, could be treated without creating any additional damage.
The “Triumphal Procession Miniatures” of Emperor Maximilian I: Conservation, Restoration, Mounting, Exhibition Presentation and the Development of a Storage Concept
Authors: Thobois Elisabeth
Published: February 2016

The “Triumphal Procession Miniatures” of Emperor Maximilian I, one of the most important objects belonging to the Albertina Collection of Graphic Art, was on show for the first time in over 50 years in an exhibition from 14
Mounting Paper Objects for the Permanent Exhibition at the German Historical Museum Berlin
Authors: Korbel Barbara
Published: February 2016

For the 2006 installation of the permanent exhibition at the German Historical Museum Berlin 2600 paper objects, 330 posters and 1070 books were prepared for display within only three months. Paper objects were framed or installed in showcases lying horizontally, on slopes or vertically using customized mounts to secure them. The mounting technique developed for single sheet objects could be prepared ahead of time and allowed save handling during installation. Mounting materials include museum cardboard, corrugated cardboard with integrated hanging hardware, Japanese paper hinges, photo corners and staples.
Fungi in Fox Spots of a Drawing by Leon Wyczółkowski
Authors: Karbowska-Berent Joanna , Jarmiłko Joanna , Czuczko Jolanta
Published: February 2016

Many authors dealing with the phenomenon of foxing on paper point out its microbiological origin, but in fact, foxing-causing fungi can rarely be cultured. Leon Wyczółkowski’s drawing “The Market in Gniew” is an exception in this respect: its paper carrier shows foxing as well as numerous hyphae and cleistothecia, visible to the naked eye either as a white and fluffy coating or as a light yellow powder. Our aim was to investigate their role in the formation of foxing. Microscopic observations revealed uncountable amounts of lenticular spores and spherical asci. Incubation of the yellowish powder on microbiological media enabled the isolation of five strains:
ATWISE: An Innovative Apparatus for Efficiently Documenting Watermarks in Manuscripts
Authors: Mayer Manfred
Published: February 2016

The goal of the CHARTA project at the Universitätsbibliothek Graz is to document all the watermarks that appear in the collection’s medieval manuscripts. Because the watermarks are mostly located on parts of the page that have been written on, a specialist device called ATWISE 5242 was developed for the image capture of the watermarks in medieval manuscripts. In this system, light passes through text that is written in iron gall ink, so that the watermark can be represented clearly and appears without an overlay of writing that interferes with seeing the image. ATWISE stands for Austrian Watermark Imaging System. The number 5242 indicates that a maximum page size of 52×42 cm can be imaged using this procedure. This article describes how the apparatus was developed and how it was implemented into the documentation system of the library’s operations, which proved particularly efficient and cut down on the amount of staff time that was required.
Was ist ‘Wahrheit’ (2)?: ein Vergleich französischer, keltischer, indischer, iranischer und griechischer Vorstellungen von der Verwirklichung der Wahrheit; eine kulturgeschichtliche und sprachwissenschaftliche Analyse. Teil II
Authors: Hartmann Hans
Published: February 2016

Nachdem eine große Anzahl von Fakten über die irischen Jahresfeste vorgestellt worden ist, ist es an der Zeit, Überlegungen über den Zusammenhang unter ihnen anzustellen.
A uo penn bit pont: aspects of leadership in Celtic and Indo-European
Authors: Zimmer Stefan
Published: February 2016

The second branch of the Mabinogi, the story of
The denotations of death in Goidelic: to the question of Celtic eschatological conceptions
Authors: Mikhailova Tatiana , Nikolaeva Natalia
Published: February 2016

To begin with, the reconstruction of the Celtic Otherworld concept is quite a complicated task, and our present paper is, in fact, nothing but a modest attempt to approach this question. Unfortunately, we do not possess any written evidence of what the cosmogony and eschatology of Celts might look like. The reasons for this striking gap have always been under discussion, but out of the frame of our research. Altogether, we undoubtedly have to mention that the very fact of the lack of “Otherworld information” both in written and folklore sources has always been regarded as a loss, and not as primary absence of such an important feature of national mentality. This approach presumes the possibility of reconstruction.
Nachruf auf Martin Rockel
Authors: Heinz Sabine
Published: February 2016

Infolge eines Herzinfarktes verstarb am 14. 12. 2003 Doz. Dr. Martin Rockel. Nachdem es Pokorny abgelehnt hatte, an die ehemalige Kaiser-Wilhelms-Universität zurückzukehren, und anderer Ersatz nicht gefunden wurde, wagte M. Rockel, zwischen 1961 und 1965 von seinem Lehrer Prof. William B. Lockwood betreut, den Neuanfang keltologischer Lehre und Studien an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Zunächst befaßte sich M. Rockel mit dem Walisischen und seiner Literatur und Geschichte sowie mit dem Irischen, Gallischen und Kornischen. Nach Erlangung der Hochschuldozentur 1979 konzentrierte er sich auf die sogenannten p-keltischen Sprachen, einschließlich des Bretonischen. Höhepunkt seines wissenschaftlichen Schaffens waren die Abfassung der
B. MAIER, Die Religion der Kelten: Götter – Mythen – Weltbild
Authors: Zeidler Jürgen
Published: February 2016

Bernhard Maier published extensively on various aspects of the religion, literature and history of the Celtic peoples from antiquity to the present day (see p. 233 of his book for a list of studies).
Dédicaces gauloises sur céramique
Authors: Delanoy Arnaud
Published: February 2016

Quelques dizaines de dédicaces gauloises sur pierre nous sont parvenues, exprimées généralement par le verbe
Experimental Investigation on Undrained Shear Behavior of Overconsolidated Sand-Silt Mixtures: Effect of Sample Reconstitution
Authors: Mahmoudi Y. , Cherif Taiba A. , Belkhatir M. , Schanz T.
Published: February 2016

Liquefaction stability analysis using the undrained shear strength characteristics of sandy soils that are prone to liquefaction is a major challenge in geotechnical earthquake engineering. The objective of this laboratory research work was to study the combined effect of the sample reconstitution (dry funnel pluviation and wet deposition) and overconsolidation ratio (OCR = 1, 2, 4, and 8) on the undrained shear strength of medium dense (D_r = 52 %) sand-silt mixtures under undrained monotonic loading conditions. For this purpose, a series of triaxial tests were carried out on reconstituted saturated silty sand samples with fines content ranging from 0 to 40 %. The confining pressure was kept constant to 100 kPa in all tests. The obtained data showed that the dry funnel pluviated samples were more resistant than the wet deposited samples and complete static liquefaction of samples reconstituted with wet deposition method was observed for the lower overconsolidation ratios (OCR = 1, 2, and 4). The undrained shear strength decreases with the increase of fines content for dry funnel pluviation (DFP) and the inverse tendency was observed in the case of wet deposition (WD) for the range of the overconsolidation ratio under consideration (1 ≤ OCR ≤ 8).
Ultrasonic P-Wave Reflection Monitoring of Soil Erosion for Erosion Function Apparatus
Authors: Ham Soo-Min , Kwon Tae-Hyuk , Chang Ilhan , Chung Moon-Kyung
Published: February 2016

Erosion of soils in river, lake, and seabeds is an important component for scour estimation and design of underwater structures. This is because the scour can cause severe structural damage to underwater foundations or embankments. The erosion function apparatus (EFA) method is widely used to estimate the erosion rate of soils in the laboratory, where a soil protrusion of 1 mm thick is exposed to water flow and the time taken to erode this protrusion is measured. However, determining this erosion time is a difficult task because it is only visually inspected, and this can cause considerable measurement errors. Therefore, this study explored the feasibility of using an ultrasonic P-wave reflection monitoring method to more quantitatively assess the erosion rate that otherwise has been measured by visual inspection. The erosion rates were monitored using ultrasonic transducers mounted above a soil surface during the EFA testing on the prepared soil samples containing different clay fractions. Via the P-wave monitoring results, several important semi-quantitative observations were made: an increase in erosion resistance with an increase in the clay fraction, a discontinuous erosion behavior of fine-grained soils with sudden removal of soil lumps by water flows, a continuous erosive action of coarse-grained soils, and inherent heterogeneous erosion even at a specimen scale (i.e., the scale of milli-to-centimeter). While both the P-wave monitoring method and the visual inspection showed similar estimation on the erosion rate, the former was found to provide overall better quantitative assessment, particularly in conditions of very slow or rapid erosion and in the conditions with high turbidity water, unevenly eroded sample surfaces, or limited control on the soil protruding thickness.
Making a Biaxial Testing System With the Aid of 3D Printing Technique to Examine the Kinetic Behavior of Particulate Media
Authors: Yuan Q. , Wang Y. H. , Tam P. O. , Li X. , Gao Y.
Published: February 2016

This study presented the details of a specially designed biaxial testing system with a flexible boundary to examine the features of particle motion and associated contact movement during shearing. The whole testing system was modified from a CKC triaxial testing system so that the production cost was low, and this approach was applicable to other types of triaxial testing systems. The 3D printing technique was applied to ease manufacture of the testing device and to improve the resolution of the subsequent image analyses. The middle part of the biaxial cell was printed using the 3D printer because it is often difficult to make by the traditional means due to a complicated geometry and the requirement for a one-piece material to ensure the cell is seamless and leak-proof. A packing of elliptical rods, also produced by the 3D printer, is used as the test sample. In principle, any shape of particle with designed properties can be printed. The goal of tracing the particle motion and movement at contacts during shearing is achieved by means of particle image velocimetry (PIV) and close-range photogrammetry, based on the reference dots marked on the observation windows of the biaxial cell and two object dots printed on each rod. The high-resolution 3D printer ensured the accuracy of marking the object dots on the rod and therefore improved the resolution of subsequent analyses. The experimental results demonstrated the validity of the biaxial testing system and the ability and effectiveness of the system to capture the kinematic features of particles and associated contact movements in response to biaxial shearing.
Characterization of Healing of Asphalt Mixtures Using Creep and Step-Loading Recovery Test
Authors: Luo Xue , Lytton Robert L.
Published: February 2016

Healing of asphalt mixtures has been proven to be significant, and different approaches exist to characterize it, such as the phenomenological methods, mechanism-based, and mechanics-based methods. To target the actual causal relationship for healing in asphalt mixtures, a new test called the creep and step-loading recovery (CSR) test, along with a new mechanistic method termed the energy-based mechanistic (EBM) approach, was previously developed by the authors. This paper aimed at examining the applicability of the CSR test with the EBM approach in characterizing healing of asphalt mixtures. A variety of asphalt mixtures were selected and subjected to the CSR test in this study. The internal stress measured by the CSR test was used in the EBM approach to generate a damage density progression curve, which directly reflected how the damage developed and healed in the tested material. Based on this curve, the normalized extent of healing was defined as a direct measure of healing, and the healing curve (the normalized extent of healing versus the rest time) was defined as a straightforward tool to qualitatively evaluate the healing ability of asphalt mixtures. To further achieve a quantitative description of the healing ability, a healing model based on the Ramberg-Osgood equation was developed to simulate the healing curve. The parameters in the healing model represent the healing speed at different stages of healing (the initial healing rate and ultimate healing rate) and the overall ability of the material to heal (the healing scale). Both the healing curves and healing parameters can discern the difference in the healing ability caused by the air void content, aging, temperature, and the type of asphalt binder. In other words, the CSR test, along with the EBM approach, was able to produce a reasonable and consistent prediction of healing for asphalt mixtures.
Real Time Implementation of 3-Phase 4-Wire Shunt Hybrid Active Power Filter Based on PI Controller
Authors: Dey Papan , Ahmad Shameem , Mekhilef Saad , Albatsh Fadi M.
Published: February 2016

This paper presents an active and reactive (D-Q) current control method to generate the required reference current for three phase four wire shunt hybrid active filter (SHAPF) to solve power system network problems. Here, the passive elements of SHAPF have been used for compensation of reactive power and lower order harmonics and the active part mitigates the higher order harmonics. A modified phase lock loop has been used to handle the double frequency element of non-ideal voltages. A PI controller is used in the DC voltage loop for minimization of unwanted power loss inside the inverter. The simulation has been conducted in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment for ideal and unbalanced mains voltage condition. A laboratory prototype has been built on dSPACE1104 platform to verify the feasibility of the suggested SHAPF controller. From the simulation and experimental results the robustness of the proposed SHAPF controller has been proved.
Improvements to Water Vapor Transmission and Capillary Absorption Measurements in Porous Materials
Authors: Zelinka Samuel L. , Glass Samuel V. , Boardman Charles R.
Published: February 2016

The vapor permeability (or equivalently the vapor diffusion resistance factor) and the capillary absorption coefficient are frequently used as inputs in hygrothermal or heat, air, and moisture (HAM) models. However, it has been well documented that the methods used to determine these properties are sensitive to the operator, and wide variations in the properties have been reported in round-robin testing. This paper presented an investigation into how these errors can be minimized for porous materials by different edge sealing techniques and also looked at whether automating these techniques can reduce operator artifacts. To automate the measurements, specimens were attached to a balance or load cell and then required no further interaction, which allows massive amounts of data to be collected. The extra data is advantageous for the beginning of the capillary absorption test where the moisture uptake is rapid. Most of the potential for errors in the vapor diffusion tests resulted from uncertainties in how the sample was sealed between the chambers and determining when the steady state region was reached, neither of which can be improved by automation.
Testing and Ranking Multiple Wafer-Manufacturing Processes With Fuzzy-Quality Data
Authors: Wu Chien-Wei , Liao Mou-Yuan , Lin Chi-Wei , Lin Tzu-Ling
Published: February 2016

Demand for high-quality silicon wafers poses a tremendous challenge to wafer manufacturers in today's competitive environment. Among various quality-improvement activities, process capability index Cpmk is widely used in industry to measure the ability of firms or their suppliers to meet quality requirements, because measurements of product quality often cannot be precisely recorded or collected. This study uses fuzzy numbers to construct a fuzzy estimator for Cpmk. Moreover, a testing procedure and a procedure for ranking multiple processes are provided to solve the wafer-supplier-selection problem.
Effective Thickness of Side-Grooved Clamped SE(T) Specimens for J-R Curve Testing
Authors: Huang Yifan , Zhou Wenxing
Published: February 2016

Three-dimensional (3D) finite element analyses (FEA) of clamped single-edge tension (SE(T)) specimens were performed to investigate the effective thickness used in the calculations of the stress intensity factor (K) and plastic eta factor-based J-integral (J). The SE(T) specimens with six relative crack lengths (a/W ratios from 0.2 to 0.7), one relative thickness (B/W = 1), and eleven depths of side groove (i.e., BN/B = 1, 0.94, 0.92, 0.9, 0.88, 0.86, 0.85, 0.84, 0.82, 0.8, and 0.75) were considered in the analyses. Based on the FEA results, new effective thickness expressions and values for K and J estimations for side-grooved SE(T) specimens were proposed and validated.
Cyber-Physical Simulation for Virtual Characterization of SOFC Thermomechanical Response Within Hybrid Fuel-Cell/Gas Turbines
Authors: Haynes Comas , Hughes Dimitri , Tucker David
Published: February 2016

Solid-oxide fuel-cell (SOFC)/gas-turbine hybrid systems possess the capacity for unprecedented performances, such as electric efficiencies nearly twice that of conventional heat engines at variable scale power ratings inclusive of distributed generation; however, reliably integrating such technologies is critical. Dynamic operability challenges ranging from surge-stall events in the turbomachinery to threatening thermally induced stresses within the fuel cells are formidable. An effective means of characterizing the operability of such systems requires a simulation approach of high fidelity yet reduced sacrificial risk associated with empirical investigation of SOFC stacks. Accordingly, a unique cyber-physical simulation (CPS) was developed inclusive of a spatio-temporal SOFC computational model interfaced with a retrofitted turbine. The model had an extensively broad operating range, as compared to other models that have been developed, with the capability to characterize inert heating, electrochemical start-up, and on and off design operation. A comprehensive parametric characterization was done for initial electrochemical light-off with variability in compressor by-pass valve position and initial fuel-cell load for both closed loop and open loop (OL) turbine speed system configurations. The impact of cold-air (CA) by-pass, as well as initial fuel-cell load on system parameters that directly affect SOFC operation, such as inlet air temperature, pressure, and flow, along with turbine speed and thermal effluent dynamics are presented and discussed. Additionally, the full spatio-temporal capability was exhibited and utilized in examining the impact of electrochemical start-up upon SOFC temperature and temperature gradients as a result of local current density and by-product heat distribution. Ultimately, a comprehensive parametric study, characterizing SOFC and hybrid system response to electrochemical start-up along the decision variable values of initial fuel-cell load, as well as CA by-pass valve position, was completed; this illustrated an advanced simulation platform for gathering such insights about developmental fuel-cell systems.
A New Mechanism of Receptor Targeting by Interaction between Two Classes of Ligand-Gated Ion Channels
Authors: Emerit Michel Boris , Baranowski Camille , Diaz Jorge , Martinez Audrey , Areias Julie , Alterio Jeanine , Masson Justine , Boué-Grabot Eric , Darmon Michèle
Published: February 2016

The 5-HT3receptors are serotonin-gated ion channels that physically couple with purinergic P2X2 receptors to trigger a functional cross-inhibition leading to reciprocal channel occlusion. Although this functional receptor–receptor coupling seems to serve a modulatory role on both channels, this might not be its main physiological purpose. Using primary cultures of rat hippocampal neurons as a quantitative model of polarized targeting, we show here a novel function for this interaction. In this model, 5-HT3Areceptors did not exhibit by themselves the capability of distal targeting in dendrites and axons but required the presence of P2X2R for their proper subcellular localization. 5-HT3AR distal targeting occurred with a delayed time course and exhibited a neuron phenotype dependency. In the subpopulation of neurons expressing endogenous P2X2R, 5-HT3AR distal neuritic localization correlated with P2X2R expression and could be selectively inhibited by P2X2R RNA interference. Cotransfection of both receptors revealed a specific colocalization, cotrafficking in common surface clusters, and the axonal rerouting of 5-HT3AR. The physical association between the two receptors was dependent on the second intracellular loop of the 5-HT3Asubunit, but not on the P2X2R C-terminal tail that triggers the functional cross-inhibition with the 5-HT3AR. Together, these data establish that 5-HT3AR distal targeting in axons and dendrites primarily depends on P2X2R expression. Because several P2XR have now been shown to functionally interact with several other members of the 4-TMD family of receptor channels, we propose to reconsider the real functional role for this receptor family, as trafficking partner proteins dynamically involved in other receptors targeting.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSo far, receptor targeting mechanisms were found to involve intracellular partner proteins or supramolecular complexes that couple receptors to cytoskeletal elements and recruit them into cargo vesicles. In this paper, we describe a new trafficking mechanism for the neuronal serotonin 5-HT3Aionotropic channel receptor, in which the role of routing partner is endowed by a functionally interacting purinergic receptor: the P2X2 receptor. This work not only unveils the mechanism by which 5-HT3receptors can reach their axonal localization required for the control of neurotransmitter release, but also suggests that, in addition to their modulatory role, the family of P2X receptors could have a previously undescribed functional role of trafficking partner proteins dynamically involved in the targeting of other receptors.
Goal-Directed Decision Making with Spiking Neurons
Authors: Friedrich Johannes , Lengyel Máté
Published: February 2016

Behavioral and neuroscientific data on reward-based decision making point to a fundamental distinction between habitual and goal-directed action selection. The formation of habits, which requires simple updating of cached values, has been studied in great detail, and the reward prediction error theory of dopamine function has enjoyed prominent success in accounting for its neural bases. In contrast, the neural circuit mechanisms of goal-directed decision making, requiring extended iterative computations to estimate values online, are still unknown. Here we present a spiking neural network that provably solves the difficult online value estimation problem underlying goal-directed decision making in a near-optimal way and reproduces behavioral as well as neurophysiological experimental data on tasks ranging from simple binary choice to sequential decision making. Our model uses local plasticity rules to learn the synaptic weights of a simple neural network to achieve optimal performance and solves one-step decision-making tasks, commonly considered in neuroeconomics, as well as more challenging sequential decision-making tasks within 1 s. These decision times, and their parametric dependence on task parameters, as well as the final choice probabilities match behavioral data, whereas the evolution of neural activities in the network closely mimics neural responses recorded in frontal cortices during the execution of such tasks. Our theory provides a principled framework to understand the neural underpinning of goal-directed decision making and makes novel predictions for sequential decision-making tasks with multiple rewards.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGoal-directed actions requiring prospective planning pervade decision making, but their circuit-level mechanisms remain elusive. We show how a model circuit of biologically realistic spiking neurons can solve this computationally challenging problem in a novel way. The synaptic weights of our network can be learned using local plasticity rules such that its dynamics devise a near-optimal plan of action. By systematically comparing our model results to experimental data, we show that it reproduces behavioral decision times and choice probabilities as well as neural responses in a rich set of tasks. Our results thus offer the first biologically realistic account for complex goal-directed decision making at a computational, algorithmic, and implementational level.
The Semantic Network at Work and Rest: Differential Connectivity of Anterior Temporal Lobe Subregions
Authors: Jackson Rebecca L. , Hoffman Paul , Pobric Gorana , Lambon Ralph Matthew A.
Published: February 2016

The anterior temporal lobe (ATL) makes a critical contribution to semantic cognition. However, the functional connectivity of the ATL and the functional network underlying semantic cognition has not been elucidated. In addition, subregions of the ATL have distinct functional properties and thus the potential differential connectivity between these subregions requires investigation. We explored these aims using both resting-state and active semantic task data in humans in combination with a dual-echo gradient echo planar imaging (EPI) paradigm designed to ensure signal throughout the ATL. In the resting-state analysis, the ventral ATL (vATL) and anterior middle temporal gyrus (MTG) were shown to connect to areas responsible for multimodal semantic cognition, including bilateral ATL, inferior frontal gyrus, medial prefrontal cortex, angular gyrus, posterior MTG, and medial temporal lobes. In contrast, the anterior superior temporal gyrus (STG)/superior temporal sulcus was connected to a distinct set of auditory and language-related areas, including bilateral STG, precentral and postcentral gyri, supplementary motor area, supramarginal gyrus, posterior temporal cortex, and inferior and middle frontal gyri. Complementary analyses of functional connectivity during an active semantic task were performed using a psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis. The PPI analysis highlighted the same semantic regions suggesting a core semantic network active during rest and task states. This supports the necessity for semantic cognition in internal processes occurring during rest. The PPI analysis showed additional connectivity of the vATL to regions of occipital and frontal cortex. These areas strongly overlap with regions found to be sensitive to executively demanding, controlled semantic processing.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPrevious studies have shown that semantic cognition depends on subregions of the anterior temporal lobe (ATL). However, the network of regions functionally connected to these subregions has not been demarcated. Here, we show that these ventrolateral anterior temporal subregions form part of a network responsible for semantic processing during both rest and an explicit semantic task. This demonstrates the existence of a core functional network responsible for multimodal semantic cognition regardless of state. Distinct connectivity is identified in the superior ATL, which is connected to auditory and language areas. Understanding the functional connectivity of semantic cognition allows greater understanding of how this complex process may be performed and the role of distinct subregions of the anterior temporal cortex.
EVOLUCIÓN DE UNA IDEA: DE LA CIBERNÉTICA A LA CIBERCULTURA LA FILOSOFÍA GRIEGA Y LA CIBERNÉTICA
Authors: Barbosa Martínez Omar Esteban
Published: February 2016

Resumen El presente texto indaga sobre el origen del concepto de cibernética y su relación con la cibercultura. En 1948 Norbert Wiener propone el concepto de cibernética para reunir toda una gama de teorías que se venían desarrollando antes y durante la segunda guerra mundial. Aunque el concepto se popularizó desde entonces, pocas veces nos preguntamos por su verdadero origen. Así es como iniciamos un recorrido por algunos textos de filósofos griegos como Anaximandro, Platón y Aristóteles, en donde el término cibernética es usado con diversos sentidos, los cuales pueden servir de base para una interpretación de lo que hoy día se denomina la cibercultura. Este escrito hace parte de una investigación más amplia en la que se pretende encontrar el sentido de aquello que llamamos cibernética y sus repercusiones en la cultura o cibercultura.
ENTRE BAYONETAS Y MUSAS
Authors: Cáceres Delgadillo Carolina
Published: February 2016

Andrés Bello fue uno de esos grandes genios que parió América en los albores de su emancipación. Nació en Caracas (1781) cuando apenas se comenzaba a cultivar en las mentes de los héroes americanos el germen de la revolución y el cambio social, cuando el hombre aún estaba dispuesto a entregar su vida por un ideal. Sin embargo, Bello no tuvo necesidad de hacerlo, porque sus ideas traspasaban cualquier campo de batalla, cualquier muerte con fusil. Se le puede definir como un espíritu sensible, que amaba los cambios, pero no los propiciados con las armas, sino los que provenían del corazón.
NIETZSCHE CONTRA WAGNER: UNA DIATRIBA ANTE EL ROMANTICISMO MUSICAL
Authors: Rodriguez Carolina
Published: February 2016

El texto pretende indagar en torno a una nueva perspectiva para comprender los encuentros
y desencuentros acaecidos entre Nietzsche y Wagner. El propósito es encuadrar
la discusión en el escenario del Romanticismo, tal como lo sugieren filósofos de la música
del talante de Fubini y Neubauer. El resultado de este abordaje es sustancialmente
el siguiente: hay una convergencia entre la estética wagneriana y la filosofía del joven
Nietzsche, dado que a través del Romanticismo musical las dos propuestas confluyen en
la necesidad de recuperar el drama musical griego como paradigma de una forma de
arte total. Por otra parte, la separación conceptual entre Wagner y Nietzsche debe entenderse
desde la adhesión que este último hizo al proyecto de una música absoluta,
separada del teatro.
DEL YO PIENSO AL YO SOY: UNA CONTRADICCIÓN DEL ESPÍRITU ROMÁNTICO
Authors: Ballén Juan Sebatián
Published: February 2016

En el presente texto cuestionaré los alcances de la autonomía del hombre moderno,
afirmada desde el comienzo por la cogitación cartesiana, entrando en contradicción, y
por tanto en crisis, con hombres poetas y filósofos del siglo XVIII, quienes buscan afirmarse
desde una egoidad concreta, bien sea que se la entienda en perspectiva inclusiva
hacia la totalidad o en la perspectiva contraria fijada por el aislamiento del ego con
respecto al todo. El desarrollo de la presente cuestión iniciará con los aportes teleológicos
que hizo Goethe en el campo de la ciencia. Sumándose a este propósito pasaré al texto
“El más antiguo programa del sistema del idealismo alemán”. Este texto, que se atribuye
a los años de juventud de Hegel, Schelling y Hölderlin, representa un aspecto
programático del idealismo alemán que tiene claras pretensiones de corporalizar la
autonomía racional del hombre moderno. Finalmente me acercare al fenómeno del desencanto
que produjo la irrealización del ego en la totalidad, quedando como fragmento
de existencia el Yo soy que refleja la condición del hombre romántico. Para esto me he
valido de Kierkegaard y su aporte al problema de la conciencia de sí, y de la figura de
Rascolnikov, protagonista de la obra Crimen y castigo de Dostoievsky
EL ASCENSO AL CONOCIMIENTO A TRAVÉS DE PRIMERO SUEÑO DE SOR JUANA INÉS DE LA CRUZ
Authors: González Marta , Pizano* Josefina
Published: February 2016

Luego de una presentación, en la primera parte, de algunos aspectos significativos de la vida y la figura de sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, buscamos, en la segunda parte, destacar su producción lírica, haciendo énfasis particular en el carácter barroco de su poesía. Analizamos los primeros versos del poema Primero sueño, y presentamos una visión de conjunto de este importante poema, el más significativo de la autora mexicana.
La Dialéctica de la Pregunta y la Respuesta Como Estrategia de Autorregulación en la Construcción de un Aula Virtual Inteligente
Authors: Cañas Francisco Alonso Chica
Published: February 2016

El aula virtual inteligente con enfoque problematizador sustentado en la dialéctica de la pregunta y la respuesta es determinante en la construcción de una pedagogía, en el sentido de poner al descubierto los cuestionamientos del sí y del no, tanto del argumento como del contraargumento. Por tanto, una conversación auténtica en el aula virtual implica potenciar todos los sentidos para ir en búsqueda de la verdad, a partir de la precomprensión de la pregunta para convertirse en una persona intolerante, porque siempre intenta demostrar la verdad en medio de la incertidumbre y la certeza del conocimiento. Entonces, el aula virtual inteligente debe establecer una pretensión de validez del aprendizaje con base en las experiencias previas del mundo cotidiano y del mundo de la vida, tomando el presente, el pasado y el futuro del conocimiento, con el fin de problematizar el conocimiento referenciado en la propia existencia de la comunidad educativa virtual.

La universidad de educación superior abierta y a distancia debe asumir el reto de las aulas virtuales inteligentes. Esto implica replantear el horizonte y la concepción de la educación en línea con base en una concepción antropológica del ciberespacio, entendiendo que la identidad cultural forma parte del mundo globalizado y de la localización del individuo. En otras palabras, las aulas virtuales inteligentes se caracterizarán por una formación integral que tiene en cuenta los símbolos, el lenguaje, los signos y la cultura en el proceso de aprendizaje del estudiante. Además, de apropiarse la tecnología de punta para un conocimiento de la vista, el oído, el tacto y lenguaje virtual, favoreciendo un conocimiento con identidad humanista, con el fin de responder a los cuestionamientos sustentados en la razón, en el lenguaje y la verdad.
La educación indígena en Jalisco-México: entre la necesidad y la realidad
Authors: Fregoso Martha Vergara
Published: February 2016

Esta investigación surge a partir de la revisión de las estadísticas de la Dirección de Educación Indígena de la Secretaría de Educación, en Jalisco, México (SEP), cuyos resultados develan un alto índice de reprobación y deserción escolar, así como un bajo nivel de eficiencia terminal en los niños de educación primaria de las escuelas indígenas en el estado, donde se encuentran dos grupos importantes: los nahuas, al sur del estado, y huicholes, al norte del estado1. Uno de los intereses para realizar la investigación marco fue conocer las condiciones sociales e institucionales de las escuelas que atienden a la población indígena en el estado para entender mejor las prácticas docentes y las acciones de los agentes educativos que participan en la educación primaria en comunidades indígenas de Jalisco.
Hacia la construcción de instituciones formadoras de docentes como centros de innovación y profesionalización
Authors: Ferreyra Horacio Ademar
Published: February 2016

En el presente artículo se sintetizan las principales tensiones, problemas y desa- fíos de la formación docente en los tiempos actuales. También se aportan ideas y propuestas para el fortalecimiento de la gestión innovadora de las instituciones formadoras. En este sentido, se parte de la premisa que la transformación de la for- mación docente debe ser asumida por los actores como un proceso de composición socio-educativa que estará focalizado en el mejoramiento de los aprendizajes y de la enseñanza, en la construcción exitosa del itinerario formativo de los estudiantes, en la creación cotidiana de un clima institucional productivo y a la vez saludable, cuyo trabajo dé cuenta del desarrollo profesional de los actores, de las múltiples relaciones con la comunidad y en una gestión estratégica de los procesos institu- cionales y curriculares desde una perspectiva situada.

Palabras clave: formación docente, institución formadora, gestión estratégica si- tuada, competencias, capacidades.
Pensar en el aula desde la investigación
Authors: Guerra Lya Sañudo
Published: February 2016

En estos últimos años, la investigación como proceso de formación inicial y continua de docentes ha tenido una presencia progresiva en el ámbito académico. Este artículo recupera las tendencias internacionales más relevantes en este sentido. Se hace un especial énfasis en la investigación que tiene como fundamento la práctica reflexiva. Finalmente, introduce una reflexión sobre la posibilidad de la producción del conocimiento educativo como un área específica del saber.

Palabras clave: investigación, práctica reflexiva, educación, formación docente, producción de conocimiento.
Educación permanente de personas jóvenes y adultas. La línea de base como herramienta para la sistematización y producción de información cuanticualitativa
Authors: Ferreyra Horacio Ademar , De Marengo Georgia Blanas
Published: February 2016

En Argentina la educación de personas jóvenes y adultas – EPJA, forma parte del sistema educativo, las transformaciones realizadas para ampliar la cobertura, mejorar y diversificar la oferta y adecuar los dispositivos curriculares a las cambiantes necesidades de las personas y la sociedad, no han alcanzado aún los objetivos previstos. En la producción de documentos referidos a la EPJA, se observa un déficit de información que afecta la toma de decisiones de política educativa que dificultan la optimización de la gestión del conocimiento en lo que respecta al subsistema. Además, se desarrolla la construcción de una herramienta metodológica que permita superar los desajustes existentes1, como lo constituye la construcción de una línea de base con información sistematizada referida a la situación actual de la EPJA en Argentina, la cual permitirá promover transformaciones compatibles con los objetivos de la educación permanente dirigida a generar una educación de calidad con equidad para todos y entre todos.
La formación avanzada, conceptos y tensiones. A propósito de las formaciones en maestrías y doctorados en educación: una tarea a realizar en red
Authors: De la Calle Claudia del Pilar Vélez , Peña Adelina , Duque Reina Saldaña
Published: February 2016

Este artículo plantea la relación entre lo educativo, lo pedagógico y lo social. Especialmente, en una época donde se debe gestar la ruptura de lo pedagógico que trascienda la visión tradicional disciplinar y la visión de la estandarización legal propia del control, para así adentrarse en el mundo social, en el mundo de la vida, escenario potente para la promoción del desarrollo social, que no está de más decir que es misión de la educación, además de necesario, ante estos tiempos cambiantes e inciertos.
SUMO Pathway Modulation of Regulatory Protein Binding at the Ribosomal DNA Locus inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Gillies Jennifer , Hickey Christopher M , Su Dan , Wu Zhiping , Peng Junmin , Hochstrasser Mark
Published: February 2016

In this report, we identify cellular targets of Ulp2, one of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae  small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) proteases, and investigate the function of SUMO modification of these proteins. PolySUMO conjugates from ulp2Δ and ulp2Δ slx5Δ cells were isolated using an engineered affinity reagent containing the four SUMO-interacting motifs (SIMs) of Slx5, a component of the Slx5/Slx8  SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase (STUbL). Two proteins identified, Net1 and Tof2, regulate ribosomal DNA (rDNA) silencing and were found to be hypersumoylated in ulp2Δ, slx5Δ, and ulp2Δ slx5Δ cells. The increase in sumoylation of Net1 and Tof2 in ulp2Δ, but not ulp1ts cells, indicates that these nucleolar proteins are specific substrates of Ulp2. Based on quantitative chromatin-immunoprecipitation assays, both Net1 and Tof2 lose binding to their rDNA sites in ulp2Δ cells and both factors largely regain this association in ulp2Δ slx5Δ. A parsimonious interpretation of these results is that hypersumoylation of these proteins causes them to be ubiquitylated by Slx5/Slx8, impairing their association with rDNA. Fob1, a protein that anchors both Net1 and Tof2 to the replication-fork barrier (RFB) in the rDNA repeats, is sumoylated in wild-type cells, and its modification levels increase specifically in ulp2Δ cells. Fob1 experiences a 50% reduction in rDNA binding in ulp2Δ cells, which is also rescued by elimination of Slx5. Additionally, overexpression of Sir2, another RFB-associated factor, suppresses the growth defect of ulp2Δ cells. Our data suggest that regulation of rDNA regulatory proteins by Ulp2 and the Slx5/Slx8 STUbL may be the cause of multiple ulp2Δ cellular defects.
Rendimiento académico en las pruebas nacionales de matemática en colegios del área metropolitana y zonas alejadas de Costa Rica en 2013
Authors: Castillo-Sánchez Mario , Chavarría-Vásquez Jesennia-Ma , García-Borbón Marcela
Published: February 2016

En este artículo se describe el rendimiento académico del estudiantado de la región metropolitana y zonas alejadas, en la prueba nacional de matemática correspondiente a la conclusión de la educación media, considerando la prueba específica, según la modalidad y tipo de colegio: diurno (diurno científico, diurno humanístico), nocturno, técnico o centros integrados para la educación de jóvenes y adultos (CINDEA).  El objetivo principal es describir el rendimiento académico estudiantil en las pruebas nacionales de bachillerato de matemática, correspondientes al año 2013, según las regiones educativas.  Para el análisis de dicha información se utilizó como fuente primaria el Informe Nacional de Bachillerato, emitido por el Ministerio de Educación Pública para las pruebas estandarizadas del 2013.  Una de las conclusiones, a partir de este estudio, es la necesidad de llevar a cabo un análisis histórico del rendimiento de las instituciones educativas que han obtenido, en los últimos años, los promedios más altos y más bajos en las pruebas de bachillerato de matemática, para poder profundizar en las causas de dichos rendimientos.
Quality of Life Research in Saskatoon, Canada: Fifteen years of co-creating knowledge and action in the community
Authors: Holden Bill , Muhajarine Nazeem
Published: February 2016

The quality of life research program was envisioned as an undertaking to achieve deep and balanced (quantitative and qualitative) understanding of the community and to use this knowledge to guide change to improve quality of life for all in Saskatoon. To accomplish this, the program set its sights on undertaking participatory action research, soliciting meaningful and frequent input from the community at large not only on research questions and methods but also on the implication of results, and disseminating knowledge widely. The program was intended to be longterm and longitudinal (repeated cohorts) to allow ongoing evaluation and monitoring of community outcomes, and continued guidance for ways of improving quality of life.
"We Went in as Strangers, and Left as Friends”: Building Community in the Wahkohtowin Classroom
Authors: Buhler Sarah , Settee Priscilla , Van Styvendale Nancy
Published: February 2016

This paper analyzes interviews with students of an interdisciplinary community-based class in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. The class— “Wahkohtowin” (“kinship” in Cree)—brought together university students with youth from Oskayak, an Indigenous High School, and members of STR8 UP, a community-based organization for former gang members. The course centred on the theme of “justice,” and students discussed legal and literary texts related to policing, criminal trials, and prison, and shared their own experiences and stories about justice and injustice. The students described the class as a profound experience of “community,” which caused them to reflect critically upon structures that create and reinforce inequality and estrangement and impact quality of life. This paper describes the class within the larger context of community-engaged pedagogy and Indigenous approaches to community engagement. We explore major interview themes centred on the complexities of creating community in the classroom. Participants discussed encountering “strangers”; telling and witnessing traumatic stories; unsettling privilege; and enacting resistance and solidarity. Ultimately, the Wahkohtowin class intervenes in dominant models of engaged pedagogy and community-service learning, disrupting notions of a university-community binary, and creating a space where students began to practice solidarity and imagine a quality of life based on equality and justice for all.