bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alianza bolivariana para los pueblos de nuestra américa- tratado de comercio de los pueblos (alba-tcp) un nuevo modelo de integración regional
Authors: Trejos Rosero Luis Fernando , Pel Melissa Johanna
Published: April 2020

No son pocos los esfuerzos de integración en el continente con un marcado énfasis regionalista, pero se podría decir que el ALBA-TCP, por su carácter de integración sui generis, se plantea como un instrumento de múltiples dimensiones y una infinidad de intereses socioeconómicos y geopolíticos, que resultan muy interesantes para su comprensión y análisis. Es por esta razón que en el presente trabajo, se pretende realizar una aproximación general a este nuevo mecanismo de integración para la región. En este sentido y en un primer momento, se plantea el marco filosófico que sustenta al ALBA-TCP, para luego mostrar algunos aspectos que la constituyen y que respaldan los compromisos de las diversas naciones que hoy conforman esta iniciativa. Finalmente y a modo de conclusión, se exponen una serie de observaciones para facilitar la reflexión en torno a la información presentada.

 

AbstractThere are few integration efforts on the continent with a strong regionalist emphasis, but you could say that the ALBA-TCP, by its sui generis character of integration, is presented as a multidimensional instrument and countless socioeconomic and geopolitical interests, which are very interesting for compression and analysis. It is for this reason that this report is intended to give a general approach to this new mechanism of integration for the region. In this sense and at first, the philosophical framework underpinning the ALBA-TCP, and then show some aspects that constitute and support the commitments of the various nations that now make this initiative arises. Finally and in conclusion, a series of observations was set to facilitate reflection on the information presented.
Control constitucional a las subreglas incorporadas en las sentencias de los jueces
Authors: Garc Kristhell Karem
Published: April 2020

En este artículo se pretende determinar las características del control constitucional aplicado en las subreglas que se incorporan a las sentencias desde la competencia funcional y para ello, se tomó el enfoque metodológico cuantitativo bajo un diseño bibliográfico de tipo documental y nivel histórico, representando las diferentes posiciones surgidas en torno al control constitucional frente a las subreglas establecidas por el precedente emanado de la Corte Constitucional colombiana y la aplicación de un control constitucional difuso que constituye un mecanismo de monitoreo de la legitimidad en el apartamiento de las subreglas aplicadas por parte de los jueces de instancia. Este modelo constituye un aporte teórico metodológico para ejercer el control constitucional difuso.
La justicia penal militar colombiana y los principios procesales constitucionales de independencia e imparcialidad, después de la separación de la función de jurisdicción con la función de comando
Authors: Henao Toro Consuelo Amparo , Petro Gonz Ingrid Regina , Mar Felipe Andrés
Published: April 2020

El presente artículo analiza la Justicia Penal Militar colombiana, su origen y evolución desde la vigencia del Decreto 2550 de 1988, según el cual los miembros de la Fuerza Pública podían ejercer simultáneamente las funciones de comando con las funciones de jurisdicción, toda vez que quien juzgaba no se encontraba técnicamente habilitado para desarrollar esa función por carecer de formación jurídica profesional y debía depender de terceras personas para emitir sus fallos, situación que contrariaba los principios de independencia e imparcialidad. Posteriormente, con la creación de la Ley 522 de 1999, actual Código Penal Militar, esas funciones fueron separadas y prohibidas, lo que amerita analizar estos principios a la luz de esta normativa penal militar.

 

AbstractThis article analyzes the Penal Military Colombian Justice system, its origin and evolution from the enforcement of Decree 2550 of 1988 according to which members of the security forces could exercise the functions of command simultaneously with the functions of jurisdiction, since he was deemed not technically qualified to perform that function due to lack of professional legal training and had to rely on third parties to issue their decisions, a situation that went against the principles of independence and impartiality. Later, with the creation of the Law 522 of 1999 current Military Penal Code, these functions were separated and thus deserving prohibited discuss these principles in light of the military criminal law.
Peynir altı suyu derişikleştirilme süreci için çeşitli membran temas ettirici sistemlerinin karşılaştırılması
Authors: HASANOĞLU Ayça
Published: April 2020

Peynir altı suyu (PAS), işlendikten sonra çok farklı
amaçlarla kullanılabilen süt endüstrisinin değerli bir yan ürünüdür.  Protein, laktoz ve mineraller açısından zengin
bir içeriğe sahiptir ve bu yüzden bu yan ürünün değerlendirilmesi
gerekmektedir. PAS’ın işlenmesi için içeriğindeki suyun belli oranlarda uzaklaştırılarak
deriştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada PAS’ın deriştirilmesi membran temas
ettiricilerde gerçekleştirilmiştir.

PAS, hidrofobik içi boş polipropilen fiberler içeren
membran temas ettiriciler kullanılarak aktivite farkına dayalı bir süreç olan osmotik
damıtma ve sıcaklık ve kısmi basınç farkına dayalı membran damıtma süreçlerinde
deriştirilmiştir. Osmotik damıtmada çeşitli proses parametrelerinin su akısı
üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Deriştirme işlemi daha sonra vakum ve direkt
temas olmak üzere iki farklı membran damıtma konfigürasyonunda gerçekleştirilerek
sıcaklığın akı üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Sürecin osmotik damıtmada membran
damıtmaya göre daha etkin ve hızlı bir şekilde gerçekleştiği görülmüştür. Ancak
osmotik damıtmada zamanla çekme çözeltisi seyrelmekte ve bu da itici kuvvet olan
aktivite farkının düşmesine yol açmaktadır. Bunun önüne geçmek için osmotik damıtma
ile membran damıtma birleştirilerek kullanılmış, osmotik damıtmada PAS deriştirme
yapılırken, membran damıtma kısmında çekme çözeltisinin deriştirme işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Birleşik sistemde işlem verimli bir şekilde gerçekleştirilmiş, daha büyük
aktivite farkı altında çalışılarak yüksek akılar elde edilmiştir. Aynı zamanda
seyrelen çekme çözeltisi de bu sistemle geri kazanılmıştır.
VIR in photos
Authors: Kotielkina Irina V. , Lenshin Alexandr A.
Published: April 2020

There are photos that reflect the history of VIR.
Rapid Rubber Extraction and NMR Spectroscopy of Rubber, Extracted from the Endemic Species Scorzonera Tau-Saghyz
Authors: Boguspaev K.K. , Turasheva S.K. , Seilkhanov T.M. , Faleev D.G. , Mutalkhanov M.S. , Portnoy V.H.
Published: April 2020

Scorzonera tau-saghyz Lipsch. et G.G. Bosse is an endemic rubber producing plant, growing in mountain regions in South Kazakhstan. The rubber content in plants and the quality of biopolymer has an important impact on industrial rubber production. The results of this study showed that the amount of rubber in S. tau-saghyz roots fluctuates between 7.74% and 38.75%. The amount of synthesized and deposited rubber biopolymer particles depends on various factors such as physiological age of plant, origin, temperature, moisture and environmental conditions. We optimized the extraction method of natural rubber by using n-hexane as a solvent for direct extraction. This method allows extracting the maximum amount of rubber from 3‒4-year-old plants. NMR results show structural links of natural isoprene rubber in the root extract sample. There is a clear relationship between methyl, methine and methylene protons which corresponds to isoprene rubber structure. The samples having strongly marked singlets that are inherent for rubber functional groups confirms the stereospecific structure of rubber. Good solubility of the root extract in deuterated chloroform can characterize the low molecular weight of the polymer. NMR characterization of rubber, extracted from S. tau-saghyz roots, is reported for the first time. Regeneration in vitro provides an important opportunity for endemic preservation by rapidly increasing the number of plants. The best regeneration of adventitious shoots was obtained on MS medium containing 5.5 μM kinetin and 0.5 μM NAA. The plants were successfully acclimatized in a glasshouse with 75% of S. tau-saghyz plantlets, respectively surviving after transfer to ex vitro conditions.
CLINICAL AND LABORATORY PARALLELS AT PATHOLOGICAL AND BORDERLINE STATES ASSOCIATED WITH LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES OF GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA
Authors: Mavzyutov A. R. , Bondarenko K. R. , Mavzyutova G. A. , Glazutdinova L. R.
Published: April 2020

The review systematizes data on the structure of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and their role in physiological and systemic pathological processes. The analysis of literature and our own data is of scientific and practical interest for specialists in the field of clinical laboratory diagnostics, anesthesiologists, resuscitators, therapists, immunologists and obstetrician-gynecologists, including studies on the role of LPS in unique three-component systems - «mother-placenta-fetus». The prospects of using LPS as immunomodulatory, including for the treatment of infectious diseases, are justified. It is shown that along with their use for the correction of immunodeficiency or the development of new adjuvants and vaccines, it is possible to use their high regulatory activity even at the epigenetic level. The possibility of the prophylactic and therapeutic use of LPS in the context of an alternative solution to the problem of antibiotic resistance of bacteria is discussed.
THE STATE AND ROLE OF ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IN PATIENTS WITH ULCER DISEASE, CHRONIC GASTRITIS, ESOPHAGITIS
Authors: Chervinets V. M. , Mironov A. Yu. , Chervinets Yu. V. , Bazlov S. N.
Published: April 2020

The microflora of 64 biopsies taken during fibrogastroduodenoscopy of the mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum in healthy volunteers and 1120 samples obtained from the same parts of the digestive tract in patients with esophagitis, chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease were studied. The patients ranged in age from 18 to 62 years. Traditional bacteriological method was used to isolate and identify microorganisms. Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp., Bacteroides spp., Stomatococcus spp., Enterobacteriaceae, Corynebacterium spp., Micrococcus spp., Neisseria spp., Veilonella spp. were isolated from biopsies of healthy respondents in an average amount from 3.2 to 4.68 lg CFU/g. H.pylori was found in 60% (5.66 lg CFU/g) in the esophagus, in 33.3% of cases (5.12 lg CFU/g) from the fundal part of the stomach, in 44.4% (5.25 lg CFU/g) from the antral part of the stomach, in 5.5% (4.2 lg CFU/g) in the duodenal mucosa. In samples obtained from the inflamed and eroded mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum, opportunistic bacteria of the genera Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Peptococcus, Actinomyces, yeast fungi of the genus Candida etc. were detected in an amount exceeding 4 lg CFU/g. H. pylori isolated in 6.3-16.7% of patients (4.25-4.6 lg CFU/g) and did not dominate in relation to other microorganisms, and in most cases had a low frequency of its occurrence. In patients with the recurrence of peptic ulcer disease, exacerbation of chronic gastritis and esophagitis, dysbiosis was developed, characterized by an increase in the species and quantitative composition of opportunistic microflora, an increase in its enzymatic and cytotoxic activity, which can contribute to the maintenance of inflammatory and necrotic processes and inhibit the elimination of the pathological process.
THE ROLE OF VITAMIN D IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF THE ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Lystsova N. L. , Petelina Tatiana Ivanovna , Gapon L. I. , Avdeeva K. S. , Bucova S. G. , Suplotov S. N.
Published: April 2020

In recent years, accumulated numerous data on the pathogenetic links of the formation of arterial hypertension. A number of studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency, associated with age, changes in sex hormonal status, increased tone of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, endothelial dysfunction, and calcium metabolism, can be one of the mechanisms of development and progression of arterial hypertension. The purpose of the review was to summarize the results of the original domestic and foreign studies, prospective observations and meta-analyzes on the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and arterial hypertension.
THE STRUCTURE OF CONDITIONALLY PATHOGENIC MICROFLORA, ISOLATED FROM THE UROGENITAL TRACT OF WOMEN WITH PATHOLOGICAL COURSE OF PREGNANCY
Authors: Kozlov A. V. , Lyamin A. V. , Zhestkov A. V. , Gusyakova O. A. , Popova E. I. , Zheleznova E. A.
Published: April 2020

The structure of the microflora of the urogenital tract of a woman is variable and diverse, changing its qualitative and quantitative composition can affect various physiological processes in the body of a woman, including the course of pregnancy. In this study, the results of cultures of 1415 samples of urine and cervical canal discharge of pregnant women were analyzed. Species identification was carried out by MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry using Microflex LT (Bruker) mass spectrometer. Gram-positive bacteria (69.5%) dominated the structure of the cervical canal microflora, among which Staphylococcus spp prevailed., Enterococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. Among gram-negative bacteria most often encountered microorganisms of the order Enterobacteriales, the predominant species among which was E. coli. Also, yeast-like fungi were isolated from the material of the cervical canal, their number was 11% of the total number of crops. Qualitative microbiological composition of urine was represented by gram-positive flora (68.7%), gram-negative flora (30.1%) and Candida fungi (1.2%). There is a significant predominance of coagulase-negative staphylococci (97.3%) over coagulase-positive (2.7%) in the structure of gram-positive microorganisms. The composition of gram-negative flora is mainly represented by bacteria of the order Enterobacteriales (71.4%). The study identified microorganisms that can cause postpartum complications and the development of inflammatory diseases of the newborn, which suggests the need for regular microbiological examination for pregnant women.
Kombinasi Metode AHP dan VIKOR Untuk Pemilihan Santri Berprestasi
Authors: FAUZI MOHAMMAD , RIDWAN MUJIB , KHALID KHALID
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini mencoba melakukan seleksi pemilihan santri berprestasi, yang nantinya akan direkomendasikan juga untuk mengikuti Program Beasiswa Santri Berprestasi, biasa disingkat PBSB. Sebelumnya di Pondok Pesantren Manbaul Hikam belum ada rekomendasi nama santri untuk mengikuti PBSB. Untuk saat ini, santri mengikuti PBSB hanya sebatas siapa yang ingin mendaftar, kemudian pihak sekolah mengantarkannya untuk mengikuti tes yang diadakan oleh Kemenag. Untuk memudahkan pihak sekolah dalam memperoleh nama - nama santri berprestasi, maka dibangunlah sistem pendukung keputusan pemiliihan santri berprestasi. Melalui sistem, pengguna dapat menambahkan data santri, data nilai santri, dan nilai bobot kriteria. Sistem akan memberikan rekomendasi nama - nama santri berprestasi menggunakan metode AHP dan VIKOR. Kedua metode tersebut dikombinasikan, AHP untuk menghitung bobot kriteria dan VIKOR untuk melakukan perangkingan alternatif. Penggunaan dua metode tersebut bertujuan untuk saling melengkapi kekurangan dari masing - masing metode. Pengujian sistem menggunakan black box, uji sensitivitas nilai vikor, akurasi, recall, dan presisi. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan data santri tahun lulusan 2015 - 2016 untuk jurusan IPA dan IPS. Berdasarkan pengujian sensitivitas nilai VIKOR, disimpulkan alternatif santri dengan NIS 150106 dan 150129 memiliki sensitivitas perubahan ketika nilai variabel v diubah dengan menggunakan 0.4 dan 0.6. Hasil nilai rata - rata dari uji akurasi sebesar 90,5%, nilai recall 87,5%, dan nilai presisi 35%.
Étude ethnobotanique et variabilité morphologique de Syzygium guineense var. macrocarpum dans les hautes savanes guinéennes de l’Adamaoua (Cameroun)
Authors: Lamy Lamy Georges Maxime
Published: April 2020

La problématique de la variabilité morphologique des feuilles et fruits de nombreuses plantes locales multifonctionnelles préoccupe les chercheurs africains. À cela s’ajoute la menace de disparition de certaines de ces plantes vivant encore naturellement. Dans la zone agroécologique des hautes savanes guinéennes de l’Adamaoua au Cameroun se rencontre Syzygium guineense var. macrocarpum (Engl.) F. White, une myrtacée endémique. Pour sa domestication, un problème de choix des sous-variétés à retenir s’est posé. L’ethnobotanique étant la relation entre l’Homme et les plantes dans un milieu donné à travers le temps, la prise en compte du savoir et des préférences locales était indispensable. Par ailleurs, les objectifs visaient à identifier, décrire et déterminer les descripteurs morphologiques (qualitatifs et quantitatifs) et les sous-variétés de la plante. Les personnes enquêtées étaient constituées de 218 hommes et femmes appartenant à neuf ethnies différentes. Dans des quadrats de 100 m x 100 m, 256 arbres des sous-variétés de la plante ont été sélectionnés. Le dispositif expérimental était un plan factoriel (8 x 4 x 8 x 3) : 8 x 4 pour l’unité expérimentale ; 8 pour le nombre de sites d’étude ; 4 pour le nombre de sous-variétés ; 3 pour le nombre de répétitions (3 feuilles et 3 fruits sur chaque pied), les sites étant le traitement principal et les sous-variétés le traitement secondaire. L’évaluation des descripteurs morphologiques a été respectivement faite sur 768 feuilles et fruits. Les critères de différenciation paysanne étaient liés à l’observation (couleur, forme, etc.) des arbres, feuilles et fruits. Les descripteurs de l’accessibilité à une meilleure luminosité de l’arbre, du rendement et du développement végétatif pourront servir de références lors de la domestication de la plante. Les sous-variétés 1, 2 et 3 étaient hautement significatives, de par leur valeur d’usage ethnobotanique total, supérieure à 3 parmi les 4 recensées. Des études moléculaires utilisant les ADN génomiques (chloroplastique et ribosomal) permettront de tirer une conclusion définitive quant à l’origine environnementale ou moléculaire de la variabilité observée au sein de la plante dans cette zone.
Spatial Distribution of Amino Acids of the SARS-CoV2 Proteins
Authors: Rout Ranjeet Kumar , Hassan Sk Sarif
Published: April 2020

The world is now undergoing through a global emergency due to COVID-19 which needs immediate remedies in order to strengthen the healthcare facility to save the nations. Looking towards to the remedies, research on different aspects including the genomic and proteomic level characterizations of the SARS-CoV2 are necessarily important. In this present study, the spatial representation/composition of twenty amino acids across the primary protein sequences of SARS-CoV2 have been looked into through different parameters viz. Shannon entropy, Hurst exponent in order to fetch the autocorrelation and amount of information over the spatial representations. Also frequency distribution of each of the amino acids over the protein sequences have been chalked out.
Behavioral, Psychological, Neurophysiological, and Neuroanatomic Determinants of Pain
Authors: Meints Samantha M. , Edwards Robert R. , Gilligan Christopher , Schreiber Kristin L.
Published: April 2020

➢ Unlike the biomedical model, the biopsychosocial model recognizes the important contributions of biological, psychological, and social modulators of pain.

➢ This review provides a discussion of important behavioral, psychological, neurophysiological, and neuroanatomic factors that have been studied as contributors to bone and joint pain.

➢ We highlight the importance of negative affect, catastrophizing, expectations, sleep, somatosensory function, physical activity, and coping on pain and related outcomes.

➢ These psychosocial factors should be considered as possible risk and protective factors for the development of pain, as well as treatment targets that might be modulated to minimize the burden of pain.
Modification of surface layers of metal parts by pulse laser processing
Authors: Vereschagin M. N. , Tselueva S. N. , Tseluev M. Yu.
Published: April 2020

One of the common technological schemes for the laser processing of metal parts is laser «glazing» of the deposited thin layer of powder on the substrate, which makes it possible to obtain microcrystalline and amorphous structures in thin surface layers of parts. Pulse melting of small volumes of metal on the surface provides homogeneous liquids (melts), which, after crystallization, can fix the structure of a liquid with unique properties.

The presence of three energy input ranges for pulsed laser surface treatment (ILPO) has been established. At an average level of energy input, a process of laser surfacing of the material occurs, while a high adhesive bond between the coating and the workpiece is fixed. The deposition of an amorphized iron-based alloy coating on a metal base of St3, 45 20X13 steels begins at a laser radiation density on the treatment surface of 1800–2000 W/mm2, and alloying at 3500–4000 W/mm2. With ILPO, the laser exposure zone (ZLV) has a layered structure – the fusion zone (ZO), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the source material zone. To obtain an amorphous-crystalline structure of the coating, the laser pulse frequency should not exceed 3–8 Hz.
Dynamic Coarsening and Local Reordered Nonlinear Solvers for Simulating Transport in Porous Media
Authors: Klemetsdal Øystein S. , Lie Knut-Andreas
Published: April 2020

We present a robust and flexible sequential solution approach in which the flow equation is solved on the original grid, whereas the transport equations are solved with a new dynamic coarsening method that adapts the grid resolution locally to reduce the number of cells as much as possible. The resulting grid is formed by combining precomputed coarse partitions of an underlying fine model. Our approach is flexible and makes very few assumptions on cell geometries and the topology of the grid. To further accelerate the transport step, we combine dynamic coarsening with a local nonlinear solver that permutes the discrete transport equations into an optimal block-triangular form so that these can be solved very efficiently using a nonlinear back-substitution method. Efficiency and utility of the overall approach are assessed through a number of conceptual test cases, including the Olympus field model.
Use of an Oxygen Planar Optode to Assess the Effect of High Velocity Microsprays on Oxygen Penetration in a Human Dental Biofilms In-Vitro
Authors: Khosravi Yalda , Kandukuri Raja Durga Prasad , Palmer Sara , Gloag Erin Samantha , Borisov Sergey M. , Starke Michelle , Ward Marilyn , Kumar Purnima , de Beer Dirk , Chennu Arjun , Stoodley Paul
Published: April 2020

Background Dental plaque biofilms are the causative agents of caries, gingivitis and periodontitis. Both mechanical and chemical strategies are used in routine oral hygiene strategies to reduce plaque build-up. If allowed to mature biofilms can create anoxic microenvironments leading to communities which harbor pathogenic Gram-negative anaerobes. When subjected to high velocity fluid jets and sprays biofilms can be fluidized which disrupts the biofilm structure and allows the more efficient delivery of antimicrobial agents. Methods To investigate how such jets may disrupt anoxic niches in the biofilm, we used planar optodes to measure the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration at the base of in-vitro biofilms grown from human dental saliva and plaque. These biofilms were subject to “shooting” treatments with a commercial high velocity microspray (HVM) device. Results HVM treatment resulted in removal of much of the biofilm and a concurrent rapid shift from anoxic to oxic conditions at the base of the surrounding biofilm. We also assessed the impact of HVM treatment on the microbial community by tracking 7 target species by qRT-PCR. There was a general reduction in copy numbers of the universal 16S RNA by approximately 95%, and changes of individual species in the target region ranged from approximately 1 to 4 log reductions. Conclusion We concluded that high velocity microsprays removed a sufficient amount of biofilm to disrupt the anoxic region at the biofilm-surface interface.
Identification and analysis of CYP450 and UGT supergene family members from the transcriptome of Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem reveal candidate genes for triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis
Authors: Cheng Yao , Liu Hanbing , Tong Xuejiao , Liu Zaimin , Zhang Xin , Li Dalong , Jiang Xinmei , Yu Xihong
Published: April 2020

Background: Members of the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGT) gene superfamily have been shown to play essential roles in regulating secondary metabolites biosynthesis. However, the systematic identification of CYP450s and UGTs have not been reported in Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem , a highly valued medicinal plant. Results: In the present study we conducted the RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of the leaves, stems, and roots of A. elata, yielding 66,713 total unigenes. Following the annotation and KEGG pathway analysis, we were able to identify 64 unigenes related to triterpenoid skeleton biosynthesis, 254 CYP450s and 122 UGTs, respectively. 150 CYP450s and 92 UGTs encoding >300 amino acid proteins were utilized for phylogenetic and tissue-specific expression analyses. This allowed us to cluster 150 CYP450s into 9 clans and 40 families, and then these CYP450 proteins were further grouped into two primary branches: A-type (53%) and non-A type (47%). A phylogenetic analysis of 92 UGTs and other plant UGTs led to clustering into 16 groups (A-P). We further assessed the expression patterns of these CYP450 and UGT genes across A. elata tissues, with 23 CYP450 and 16 UGT members being selected for qRT-PCR validation, respectively. From these data, we identified CYP716A295 and CYP716A296 as the candidate genes most likely to be associated with oleanolic acid synthesis, while CYP72A763 and CYP72A776 was identified as being the most likely to play a role in hederagenin biosynthesis. We also selected five unigenes as the best candidates for oleanolic acid 3-O-glucosyltransferase. Finally, we assessed the subcellular localization of three CYP450 proteins within Arabidopsis protoplasts, highlighting the fact that they localize to the endoplasmic reticulum. Conclusions: This study presents a systematic analysis of the CYP450 and UGT gene family in A. elata and provided a foundation for further functional characterization of these two multigene family.
Protocol for a cluster randomised trial in Madhya Pradesh, India: Community health promotion and medical provision and impact on neonates (CHAMPION2); and support to rural India’s public education system and impact on numeracy and literacy scores (STRIPES2)
Authors: Agarwal Arjun , Banerji Rukmini , Boone Peter , Elbourne Diana , Fazzio Ila , Frost Chris , Gopal Madan , Karnati Sridevi , Nair Rakhi , Reddy Harshavardhan , Reddy Padmanabh , Sharma Dropti , Shekhawat Sajjan Singh , Shivalli Siddharudha
Published: April 2020

Background

Rural areas of India exhibit high neonatal mortality, and low literacy and numeracy. We assess the effect of a complex package of health interventions on neonatal survival, and the effect of out-of-school-hours teaching on children’s literacy and numeracy, in rural Madhya Pradesh.

Methods/Design

This is a cluster-randomised controlled trial with villages (clusters) receiving either a health (CHAMPION2) or education (STRIPES2) intervention. Building on the design of the earlier CHAMPION/STRIPES trial villages receiving the health intervention are controls for the education intervention, and vice versa.

Clusters

196 villages in Satna district, Madhya Pradesh, India: each at least five kilometres from a Community Health Centre, a population below 2,500, and at least 15 children eligible for the education intervention.

Participants

CHAMPION2 - resident married women under 50 without a family planning operation, provided they are enumerated pre-randomisation, or marry a man enumerated pre-randomisation.

STRIPES2 - resident children born 16June 2010-15June 2013, not in school before the 2018-2019 school year and intending to enrol in first grade in 2018-2019 or 2019-2020.
Falls efficacy instruments for community-dwelling older adults: A COSMIN-based systematic review
Authors: Soh Shawn Leng-Hsien , Lane Judith , Xu Tim Tianma , Gleeson Nigel , Tan Chee-Wee
Published: April 2020

Background: Falls efficacy is a widely-studied latent construct in community-dwelling older adults. Various self-reported instruments have been used to measure falls efficacy. Empirical evidence is needed to justify the selection of a specific instrument to measure the intended construct. Methods: To summarize evidence on the development, content validity and structural validity of instruments measuring falls efficacy in community-dwelling older adults using the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist. MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsychINFO, SCOPUS, CINAHL were searched (May 2019). Records on the development of instruments and studies assessing content validity or structural validity of falls efficacy related scales were included. COSMIN methodology was used to guide the review of eligible studies and assessed their methodological quality. Evidence of content validity: relevance, comprehensiveness and comprehensibility and unidimensionality for structural validity were synthesized. A modified GRADE approach was applied to evidence synthesis. Results: 35 studies, which had 18 instruments identified, were included in the review. High-quality evidence showed that the Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (FES)–13 items (MFES-13) has sufficient relevance but insufficient comprehensiveness for measuring falls efficacy. Moderate quality evidence supported the FES-10 has sufficient relevance and MFES-14 has sufficient comprehensibility. Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale–Simplified (ABC-15) has sufficient relevance to measuring balance confidence supported by moderate-quality evidence. Low to very low quality evidence underpinned the content validity of other instruments. High-quality evidence supported sufficient unidimensionality for eight instruments (FES-10, MFES-14, ABC-6, ABC-15, ABC-16, Iconographical FES (Icon-FES), FES–International (FES-I) and Perceived Ability to Prevent and Manage Fall Risks (PAPMFR)). Conclusion: Content validity of instruments to measure falls efficacy is understudied. Structural validity is sufficient for a number of widely-used instruments. Measuring balance confidence is a subset of falls efficacy. Further work is needed to investigate a broader construct of falls efficacy.
Systematic review of the tools of oral and dental health literacy: Assessment of conceptual dimensions and psychometric properties
Authors: Ghaffari Mohtasham , Rakhshanderou Sakineh , Ramezankhani Ali , Mehrabi Yadollah , Safari-Moradabadi Ali
Published: April 2020

Background This article aims to provide a description of conceptual dimensions and psychometric properties of the tools of oral and dental health literacy. Methods Two authors in this study conducted electronic searches in the Medline (via PubMed), and Embase databases to find relevant articles from 1990 to present day. Evaluation of the tools was carried out in two parts; general evaluation of the tools using skills introduced by Sørensen et al., and qualitative assessment of psychometric properties using COSMIN checklist. Results After reviewing 1839 articles on oral and dental health literacy and evaluating 33 full text articles for eligibility, 21 articles entered the study. The sample size varied from 20 to 1405 subjects and the items of each tool ranged from 11 to 99 items. Of the 21 tools examined, 16 tools were evaluated for word recognition. For the studies examined, the evaluation of COSMIN scores was often fair or good. Of the 21 tools examined, 9 tools at least in one dimension were in the category of "poor", 19 tools were in the category of "fair", 20 tools were in the category of "good", and 4 tools were in the category of "excellent" in at least one dimension. Conclusion The findings of this study showed that some aspects of oral and dental health literacy are being ignored in the existing tools. Therefore, the authors of present study emphasize on the necessity to design and develop a comprehensive tool and take into account two characteristics of simplicity and briefness for international use.
Features Based on Thin-section Computed Tomography Identify the Typeof lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Zheng Hongwei , Liu Shanshan , Wang Xinhua , Xiao Lei , Ma Yonghong , Yue Xianwen
Published: April 2020

Background: To investigate whether thin-section computed tomography (TSCT) features may efficiently guide the invasiveness basedclassification of lung adenocarcinoma.
Methods: Totally, 316 lung adenocarcinoma patients (from 2011-2015) were divided into three groups: 56 adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), 98 minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), and 162 invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) according their pathological results. Their TSCT features, including nodule pattern, shape, pleural invasion, solid proportion, border, margin, vascular convergence, air bronchograms, vacuole sign, pleural indentation, diameter, solid diameter, and CT values of ground-glass nodules (GGN) were analyzed. Pearson’s chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test and One-way ANOVA were adopted tocomparebetweengroups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis wereperformedto assess its value for prediction and diagnosis.
Results: Patients with IAC were significantly elder than those in AIS or MIA group,and more MIA patients had a smoking history than AIS and IAC. No recurrence happened in the AIS and MIA groups, while 4.3% recurrences were confirmed in the IAC group. As for TSCT variables, we found AIS group showed dominantly higher 91.07%PGGN pattern and 87.50% round/oval nodules than that in MIA and IAC group. In contrast, MIA group showed more cases with undefined border and vascular convergence than AIS and IAC group. Importantly, IAC group uniquely showed higher frequency of pleural invasion compared with MIA and AIS group. The majority of patients (82.1%) in IAC group showed ≥ 50% solid proportion. We found diameter and solid diameter of the lesions were notably larger in the IAC group compared with AIS and MIA groupin quantitative aspect. In addition, for MGGNs, the CT values of ground-glass opacity (GGO) and ground-glass opacity solid portion (GGO-solid) were both higher in the IAC group than AIS and MIA. Finally, we also observed that smooth margin took a dominant proportion in the AIS group while most cases in the IAC group had a lobulate margin. Patients in MIA and IAC group shared higher level of air bronchograms and vacuole signs than AIS group.
Conclusions: The unique features in different groups identified by TSCT had diagnosis value for lung adenocarcinoma.
Prognostic effect of inflammatory genes on stage I-III colorectal cancer – integrative analysis of TCGA data
Authors: Choe Eun Kyung , Lee Sangwoo , Kim So Yeon , Shivakumar Manu , Park Kyu Joo , Chai Young Jun , Kim Dokyoon
Published: April 2020

Background Inflammatory status indicators have been reported as a prognostic biomarker of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, since the inflammatory interactions with colon involve various modes of action, the biological mechanism to link inflammation and CRC prognosis is not fully elucidated. We comprehensively evaluated the predictive role of the expression and methylation level of inflammation-related genes for CRC prognosis and their pathophysiological associations. Method An integrative analysis was conducted on 247 patients of stage I-III CRC from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Lasso-penalized Cox proportional hazards regression (Lasso-Cox) and statistical Cox proportional hazard regression (CPH) were used for analysis. Result Models to predict overall survival were designed with respective combinations of clinical variables, including age, sex, stage, gene expression, and methylation. An integrative model combining expression, methylation, and clinical features had the highest performance (median C-index=0.756), compared to the model with clinical features alone (median C-index=0.726). By multivariate CPH with features from the best model, methylation levels of CEP250, RAB21 and TNPO3 were significantly associated with overall survival. They did not share any biological process in functional networks. The 5-year survival rate was 29.8% in a low methylation group of CEP250 and 79.1% in a high (P <0.001). Conclusion Our study result implicates the importance of integrating the expression and methylation information along with clinical information in prediction of survival. CEP250, RAB21 and TNPO3, in the prediction model might have a crucial role in CRC prognosis and further improve our understanding of potential mechanisms linking inflammatory reaction and CRC progression.
The role of JNK 1 in controlling AQP-1 and choroidal thickness during recovery from form-deprivation myopia in guinea pigs
Authors: Chen Wei , Wei Li Zhi , Miao Wang Qi , Yan Wang , Yue Zhang
Published: April 2020

Background: The development and recovery(REC) of myopia is associated with changing of choroidal thickness(CT) in modelof guinea pigs.In this process, Aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) is related to changes in choroidal thickness during the recovery from myopia, but the corresponding signaling pathway has not been clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of JNK1 on CT/AQP-1 and the recovery from myopia. Methods: According to the different intravitreal injections in eyes that underwent form deprivation for 21 days, guinea pigs were divided into four groups: the REC group, the REC+anisomycin (agonist for JNK1, REC-AN) group, the REC+SP600125 (inhibitor for JNK1, REC-SP) group, and the REC+DMSO (REC-DM) group. Each group was divided into three subgroups according to the time of removal of the deprivation : 3 days (d), 7 d and 10 d. All animals underwent biometric measurements (refractive error, axial length (AL), and CT), and the protein expression of AQP-1 and p-JNK1 in the choroid was also measured. Results: In the REC and REC-DM groups, significant differences in CT/ refractive error /AL/p-JNK1 or AQP-1 were only found in the 3d group compared with the normal control ( NC ) group (all p<0.05). In the REC-AN group, CT/p-JNK1 or AQP-1 in the 3d group was significantly higher than that in the other 3d’ groups (all p<0.05), but no significant difference in refractive error or AL was found compared with that in the NC group (all p>0.05). In the REC-SP group, a significant difference in refractive error /CT/p-JNK1 or AQP1 was found in the 3d/7d group compared with the NC group (all p<0.05), but AL was only found in the 3d groups (both p=0.001). Conclusions: Changes in JNK1 phosphorylation can regulate AQP-1 and CT during the recovery from myopia and the recovery time. Thus, JNK1 may be a potential therapeutic target for preventing/treating myopia.
Gene expression-based immune infiltration analyses of renal cancer and their associations with survival outcome
Authors: Chen Lei , Yin Liang , Qi Zilong , Li Jinmin , Wang Xinning , Ma Kun , Liu Xiangyang
Published: April 2020

Renal cancer is a common malignant tumor with an increasing incidence rate. In this study, based on the gene expression profiles, we analyzed the compositions of tumor infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) in renal cancer and paracancerous samples by using CIBERSORT. The proportions of 22 TIICs subsets in 122 paired renal cancer and paracancerous samples, and 224 Wilms tumor (WT) samples varied between intragroup and intergroup. After analyzed the difference in TIICs composition between renal cancer and paired paracancerous samples, we found that compared with paracancerous samples, M0 macrophages and CD8 T cells were significantly elevated, while naive B cells were significantly decreased in renal cancer samples. Survival analysis showed that high overall TIICs proportion, low proportion of resting mast cells and high proportion of activated memory CD4 T cells were associated with poor prognosis of renal cancer patients. In addition, 3 clusters were identified by hierarchical clustering analysis and they presented distinct prognosis. Cluster 1 had superior survival outcome, while cluster 2 had inferior survival outcome. In summary, our study indicated that overall TIICs proportion, certain TIICs subset proportion, and distinct cluster patterns were associated with the prognosis of renal cancer, which was significant for the clinical surveillance and treatment of renal cancer.
Molecular markers in the CSF proteome differentiate neuroinflammatory diseases
Authors: Elkjaer Maria Louise , Nawrocki Arkadiusz , Kacprowski Tim , Lassen Pernille , Simonsen Anja Hviid , Marignier Romain , Sejbaek Tobias , Nielsen Helle Hvisted , Wermuth Lene , Rashid Alyaa , Hogh Peter , Sellebjerg Finn , Reynolds Richard , Baumbach Jan , Larssen Martin R , Illes Zsolt
Published: April 2020

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by different degree of inflammatory and neurodegenerative features in the early relapsing vs. progressive subtypes. By using controls with different extent of inflammation vs. neurodegeneration, we examined the CSF proteome to identify molecular markers that differentiate between subtypes of MS. Gene expression of specific proteins were explored in MS brain lesions with diverse pathological background. Methods: (i) First, we compared the proteome by LC-MS/MS in 169 pooled CSF from MS subtypes to inflammatory/degenerative controls: AQP4-IgG-positive and AQP4-IgG-negative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and healthy controls. F-test based feature selection was used to cluster diseases and MS subtypes. (ii) Next, we selected 299 molecules by comprehensive statistics, and quantified them in the individual CSF samples. (iii) We also screened the genes of MS-specific CSF proteins in transcriptomes of 73 MS brain lesions with different pathology. Results: We identified 11 proteins that separated diseases, and 8 proteins that clustered MS subtypes. Secondary progressive (SP)MS had the most unique proteome characterized by upregulation of intrinsic pathway proteins of the coagulation pathway. SPMS also clustered far from NMOSD indicating less inflammatory pathways. Primary progressive (PP)MS was more similar to relapsing-remitting (RR)MS than SPMS. Quantification of 299 proteins in 170 individual CSF samples identified 5 molecules uniquely upregulated in MS subtypes and in AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD, respectively. Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) was upregulated in part of PPMS and remission CSF samples, and it was expressed by astrocytes in chronic active lesions. GFAP was upregulated in 70% of AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD but only in 40% of AQP4-IgG-negative NMOSD. Conclusions: By the combination of untargeted and targeted quantitative analysis, we identified CSF molecular markers of axonal growth inhibition, lipid binding, and protein/lipid transport that differentiated between neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, and also MS subtypes. The majority of them were expressed in MS brain lesions suggesting their origin from the brain tissue and not from the systemic compartment. Data suggest that the CSF proteome of SPMS is different from PPMS, and astrocyte damage may not be major pathology in part of the AQP4-IgG seronegative NMOSD.
Mental disorder and PTSD in Syria during wartime: a national-wide crisis
Authors: Kakaje Ameer , Zohbi Ragheed Al , Aldeen Osama Hosam , Makki Leen , Alyousbashi Ayham , Alhaffar Bahaa Aldin
Published: April 2020

Background: Syria has experienced war over the past seven years, leaving a high percentage of the population below the poverty line. This has significantly impacted Syrians which is reflected in the psychiatric aspect. This study evaluates the severity of the mental disorder caused by war and other factors, and evaluates the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in addition to support provided to Syrians. Methods: Online surveys including the Kessler 10 (K10) survey, the Screen for Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms (SPTSS) tool, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and demographic and war-related questions were used for this study. Results: Our study included 1951 participants, comprising 527 (27.0%) males and 1538 (78.8%) aged (19-25) years. Of all the participants in the study, 44% had severe mental disorder, 27% had severe mental disorder with full PTSD symptoms, 36.9% had full PTSD symptoms, 79% had at least one PTSD symptom, and 10.8% had neither PTSD symptoms nor mental disorder. Only 23.2% had low overall support. Half of the responders were internally displaced and 27.6% of these participants were forced to move three times or more due to war. Only 13.4% of the responders did not believe that the crisis was the reason for their distress. Those with high SPTSS and K10 scores were found to take more days off of work or school due to negative feelings and have somatic symptoms. Moreover, low levels of education, low socioeconomic status, chronic medical conditions, war variables for example distress caused by war noises, changing place of living due to war were all associated with high distress and the presence of PTSD symptoms in this study. Strong significant correlation (r=0.623) was found between SPTSS and k10 score. Conclusion: The conflict in Syria has left the country’s population at great risk of psychological and mental distress. Drastic measures are required to save an entire population from permanent psychological suffering.
Identification of ALDH3A2 as novel prognostic biomarker in gastric adenocarcinoma by integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Yin Zhenhua , Wu Dejun , Wei Xiyi , Shi Jianping , Jin Nuyun , Lu Xiaolan , Ren Xiaohan
Published: April 2020

Extensive experiments and researches have elucidated that genes plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis and development. Nonetheless, its latent involvement in gastric carcinoma (GC) remains to be further investigated. In this study, we identified overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by comparing the tumor tissue and adjacent normal tissue from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, which included 79 up-regulated and 10 down-regulated genes. Based on these genes, functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) and prognosis analysis were conducted, and thus the gene ALDH3A2 was chosen for further analysis. Then, we performed Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and immunocorrelation analysis (infiltration, copy number alterations and checkpoints) to comprehend the in-deep mechanism of ALDH3A2. In a word, ALDH3A2 might have potential reference value for the relief and immunotherapy, and become an independent predictive marker for the prognosis of GC.