bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating Solar Radiation Intensity from Other Meteorological Data
Authors: Capiel Modesto
Published: October 2020

Estimates of solar radiation (Ri) by 15-day periods were calculated from other available meteorological data by multiple regression analysis of Eo = f(Ri, u, Ta) ed), and then solving for Ri from the most significant equation of the model given above. Only solar radiation wind speed (u) and air temperature (Ta) were found to correlate significantly with Eo. The solution in terms of Ri (equation /4/) then was used to obtain estimates of solar radiation for 1- to 5-day periods. The mean ratio of estimated Ri to measured Ri approached unity (0.95), while the coefficient of variation was 8.9 percent, as compared to 5.1 percent for the original 15-day period data. It was found when these were compared to measured values that neglect of air temperature reduced precision of the estimates. Equation /4/ (the indirect solution) next was evaluated on the basis of foreign data, representing extreme meteorological conditions as those in Bet Dagan, Israel and Cristobal, Panamá. This equation also was compared at the same time to a direct solution of Ri by multiple regression analysis (equation /6/), a solution which directly minimizes the deviations about Ri. Statistical data are presented which compare the precision of the estimates by either equation (/4/ and /6/).
OPTIMUM WEIGHT TO WHICH PIGS SHOULD BE CARRIED FOR MAXIMUM PROFIT
Authors: Ismael Carlo  , Carlos L. Arcelay
Published: October 2020

OPTIMUM WEIGHT TO WHICH PIGS SHOULD BE CARRIED FOR MAXIMUM PROFIT
ALTICID BEETLES WITH 128 SPERM CELLS PER BUNDLE
Authors: Niilo Virkki
Published: October 2020

ALTICID BEETLES WITH 128 SPERM CELLS PER BUNDLE
Isolation and Properties of Napier Grass B-Amylase
Authors: Alexander Alex G. , Spain Gene L.
Published: October 2020

Studies of the forage plant, Napier grass, Pennisetum purpureum, have been started in an effort to clarify its exceptional water-utilizing capability. Hydrolytic enzymes are given primary attention. The present paper concerns a ß-amylase from immature internode tissues. A much-studied amylase from sugarcane leaves served as a reference point for comparison of properties. A standard assay for the amylase was established with soluble potato starch acting as substrate. The assay is suitable for large numbers of crude or semi-purified Napier grass extracts. Amylase was heavily concentrated in meristematic and immature internodal tissues. Moderate amounts were present in leaf blades. Only traces were found in leaf sheaths and mature stem tissues. It was estimated that two to three times more amylase potential is present in Napier grass than in sugarcane. Over 90 percent of the amylase was precipitated from clarified water extracts between 40- and 60-percent saturation with ammonium sulfate. Optimum pH was 5.5, and temperature 46° C. The enzyme was heat stable up to 52° C. Napier grass amylase remained stable for at least 2 weeks under refrigeration and for 90 hours at room temperature. Velocity relationships with time, protein concentration and substrate level were studied.  Km for Napier grass amylase was virtually identical to that of sugarcane amylase. Gel filtration experiments yielded amylase in a homogenous mass partially resolved from noncatalytic protein. Contrary to sugarcane, no evidence of a secondary, α-amylase was present. Prolonged dialysis did not inhibit. Cyanide, lead, iodide, and meta-silicate did cause inhibition. Activation was not achieved with manganese or traces of sugar additives. No evidence was found indicating that the Napier grass amylase was a protein-carbohydrate complex, as is the case with sugarcane amylase. Paper chromatography revealed that maltose was the lone primary product. After 4 hours the maltose was in turn hydrolyzed to free glucose by a maltase believed to be latent within the amylase preparation. The products maltose and glucose were obtained with potato starch, corn starch, amylose and amylopectin. The preparation was inactive against inulin. Paper electrophoresis revealed four distinct amylase peaks. Three possessed a net negative charge and one a positive charge. Four peaks are also obtained with sugarcane amylase, but their net charges are opposite those of the Napier grass enzyme. This is taken as further evidence that, unlike sugarcane amylase, the Napier grass enzyme is not a protein-carbohydrate complex. The biochemical significance of Napier grass amylase is discussed at length.
Currutaca: A Pythium Soft Rot of Xanthosoma and Colocasia spp. in Puerto Rico
Authors: Alvarez-García L. A. , Cortés-Monllor A.
Published: October 2020

The fungus Pythium ultimum Trow, was found the causal agent of a soft rot disease of taniers [Xanthosoma sagittaefolium (L.) Schott.] and taros [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott.]. A yellow pigmented bacterium occasionally associated with the rot turned out to be a saprophyte. Roots of diseased plants became mucilaginous and decayed rapidly. The infected rhizomes were soft and cheesy. The base of infected petioles were water-soaked and the leaves collapsed. The fungus was isolated in pure culture and grew well in most culture agar media, producing abundant sporangia at 20-30° C., but failed to grow at temperatures below 12° C. or above 36° C. Varieties of taniers and taro inoculated with P. ultimum showed differential degrees of susceptibility to infection when kept in an environment of 90-percent relative humidity and a temperature of 20° C. Definitive measures to control the disease effectively are not known. Use of clean "seed", planting in well drained soils, and crop rotation practices, however, have been recommended.
NEW LOCALITY AND HOST PLANT RECORDS FOR TWO SPECIES OF NASUTITERMES (ISOPTERA: TERMITIDAE)
Authors: Martorell Luis F. , García Tudurí José C.
Published: October 2020

NEW LOCALITY AND HOST PLANT RECORDS FOR TWO SPECIES OF NASUTITERMES (ISOPTERA: TERMITIDAE)
Preparation and Canning of a Papaya Drink
Authors: Rodríguez A. J. , Iguina de George Lydia M.
Published: October 2020

A method was developed for the preparation of a good quality canned papaya beverage from the pulp of peeled and unpeeled fruit. Samples were prepared by passing a 1:1 mixture by weight of papaya pulp and sugar, through a stone mill and diluting with water to a 13-percent pulp content. Their flavor was enhanced by adding 0.4 percent of sliced ripe West Indian lime before its pasteurization. The preparations were adjusted to 15° Brix, and the pH to 3.7 by adding citric or malic acid, then pasteurized at 190° F. and canned. The keeping quality of the beverage samples stored at 85° F. was determined through sensory evaluation using a 9-point hedonic scale and a +2, —2 rating scale and by chemical analyses at regular intervals. The samples prepared from peeled and unpeeled fruit showed excellent quality throughout the year of storage at 85° F. Three acceptance tests were conducted, one locally and two in the United States, to determine consumers' reaction to this type of papaya drink. Locally, almost 85 percent of the 125 opinions collected rated the product as "acceptable". In a test conducted in Miami, Fla., 90 percent of the 500 opinions collected appraised the drink as "acceptable." Samples also were evaluated to determine consumer acceptance of this papaya beverage at Clinton, Iowa, a typical American community unfamihar with papaya products. Results indicated a rather low acceptance of the papaya drink.
Additions and Corrections to the Aphididae of Puerto Rico
Authors: Smith Clyde F. , Medina Gaud Silverio , Martorell Luis F. , Pérez-Escolar Mario E.
Published: October 2020

This is a supplement to the "Aphididae of Puerto Rico." (12) The key to the "Aphididae of Puerto Rico" has been revised. A new Field Key to the Apterous Aphididae of Puerto Rico is also included, with a photograph of each species. Five additional species are recorded: Capitophorus hippophaes javanicus H. R. L., Macrosiphum rosae L., Picturaphis puertoricensis Smith, Rhopalosiphum padi L., and Tetraneura nigriabdominalis (Sasaki), bringing the total known species of aphids from Puerto Rico to 51. Macrosiphum mesosphaeri Tissot is listed as a new synonym of Macrosiphum (Sitobion) salviae Bartholomew.
EXTRACTION, PURIFICATION AND AMYLOSE CONTENT OF SOME STARCHES
Authors: Berríos M. L. , González M. A.
Published: October 2020

EXTRACTION, PURIFICATION AND AMYLOSE CONTENT OF SOME STARCHES
RESISTANCE OF CARICA CANDAMARCENSIS TO THE MOSAIC VIRUSES AFFECTING PAPAYAS (CARICA PAPAYA) IN PUERTO RICO
Authors: Adsuar José
Published: October 2020

RESISTANCE OF CARICA CANDAMARCENSIS TO THE MOSAIC VIRUSES AFFECTING PAPAYAS (CARICA PAPAYA) IN PUERTO RICO
Effect of Time of Planting on Yields and Processing Characteristics of Plantains
Authors: Sanchez Nieva F. , Hernández I. , Guadalupe R. , Bueso C.
Published: October 2020

Research was conducted to determine the feasibility of spreading plantain production for processing purposes throughout the year by establishing monthly plantings. The experiments were established at the Corozal Substation using a Maricongo-type commercial cultivar. The results obtained showed that when monthly plantings were established beginning in April 1967, the plantings established during the first six months started to bloom within a period of 76 days, reaching peak production during the summer. The fruit reached the proper stage for harvesting in about 90 days after shooting, irrespective of the time of planting. The processing quality of the fruit was not affected by the time of planting and harvesting. A sensory evaluation of frozen plantain slices prepared from fruit harvested during the entire year showed that the quality of the processed frozen plantain slices was acceptable throughout a 12-month harvesting period, provided the fruit was harvested when its pulp content approximated 60 percent. Variations in processing yields due to variations in the weight of the fruit and the number of fruits per bunch, which in turn resulted from seasonal effects, were within the limits considered normal for commercially-harvested fruit. The study suggests the possibility of spreading plantain production by scheduling the plantings to avoid the summer production peak.
A New Virus Disease of Peppers in Puerto Rico
Authors: Adsuar José , Enrique Pérez J. , Cortés Monllor Amelia
Published: October 2020

A previously undescribed virus, (VPLLT) causing mottling, chlorosis, leaf wrinkleness and retarded growth on Capsicum annuum varieties California Wonder", Blanco del País and P.R. Wonder, was isolated at the Agricultural Experiment Station 2 years ago. VPLLT is not inactivated by heating at 85° C, can be diluted to 1-100,000, and is still active after 14 days at room temperature (29° C). It is not serologically related to tobacco mosaic virus, tobacco severe etch virus, Puerto Rican pepper mosaic virus, tobacco ringspot virus, green mottle mosaic (cucumber #3) virus, squash mosaic virus, potato virus X, sugarcane mosaic virus, and MMV (Puerto Rico isolate) of squash mosaic virus. No transmission of VPLLT was obtained using the aphid species A. gossypii and M. persicae as vectors. The virus easily passes through a Millipore 0.45 µ  filter, and is not immunologically related to TMV or PRPMV. It was found that P.R. Wonder and Cuaresmeño hot pepper, two varieties highly-resistant to PRPMV, are fully susceptible to the VPLLT virus.
Corynespora Leaf Spot of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) in Puerto Rico
Authors: Meléndez Pedro Luis , Bird Piñero Julio
Published: October 2020

The fungus Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. & Curt.) Wei, causal agent of "greasy spot" or "papaya decline" in St. Croix, was found invading papaya plants of both Solo and Puerto Rican varieties in the Gurabo and Isabela Substations and in the Solis field in the Main Station. Plants of both varieties in the field appeared severely affected by the fungus as evidenced by heavy spotting on the foliage and the stems and by premature defoliation of the trees. Pathogenicity tests conducted with three isolates of the fungus isolated from Gurabo (Gurabo isolate), from Isabela (Isabela isolate), and from diseased-papaya plants from St. Croix (Santa Cruz isolate), proved that it is highly pathogenic to both Solo and Puerto Rican papayas. Optimum temperature and optimum pH for growth of the fungus, as well as the best medium for growth and sporulation, were determined. Cultural characteristics, response to varying temperatures, morphology, and symptoms expressed by inoculated plants of both papaya varieties were similar for all three isolates studied.
A Mosaic of Vigna repens in Puerto Rico
Authors: Enrique Pérez J. , Bird Julio
Published: October 2020

A new mosaic virus found in Vigna repens is described. The virus was transmitted mechanically to several varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris and to Vigna parviflora but failed to infect other species of Vigna tested. The virus was transmitted to its own natural host Vigna repens with difficulty.
New Solpugids (Arachnida:Solpugida) from Puerto Rico
Authors: Muma Martin H. , Nazario María Luisa
Published: October 2020

Two species of solpugids are recorded from Puerto Rico for the first time: Ammotrechella pseustes (Chamberlin) from Peñuelas and Ammotrechella pallida, new species, from Bosque Guánica. A tabular key to known species ot the genus is included.
DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF THE CATTLE TAIL LOUSE, HAEMATOPINUS QUADRIPERTUSUS FAHR. (ANOPLURA, HAEMATOPINIDAE) IN PUERTO RICO
Authors: Maldonado Capriles Jenaro , Medina Gaud Silverio
Published: October 2020

DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF THE CATTLE TAIL LOUSE, HAEMATOPINUS QUADRIPERTUSUS FAHR. (ANOPLURA, HAEMATOPINIDAE) IN PUERTO RICO
A SOURSOP PULP EXTRACTION PROCEDURE
Authors: Benero José R. , Rodríguez Angel J. , Roman de Sandoval Awilda
Published: October 2020

A SOURSOP PULP EXTRACTION PROCEDURE
Analysis of Footwear Slip Resistance Property in Floor Tiles
Authors: Dhanapal Durairaj , Melese Bahiru , Shawel Liya , Mesfin Girum
Published: October 2020

Choosing slip-resistant footwear from the whole host of products on the
market can be difficult. Sole descriptions are varied, from improving the grip
performance to excellent multi-directional slip-resistance. Often, footwear is just
described as „slip-resistant‟ and the brochure do not describe the conditions for which
the footwear is most suitable. Footwear selection has to take account of several
factors in addition to slip resistance, such as comfort, durability and any other safety
features required, such as toe protection. Accidents are expensive there are many
hidden and uninsured costs. But it may be more comfortable or attractive ensuring
that staff wears it and it may last longer. Specify the main surfaces and contaminants
which cause slip risks in the workplace, and seek our supplier‟s advice on suitable
footwear. Some generally slip-resistant footwear may not be suitable in specific
demanding conditions. In this research, footwear are tested in water and oil
conditioned floor tiles and the final result is compared with both conditions
SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION OF REGIONS IN PANDEMIC CONDITIONS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF PFD REGIONS)
Authors: Zotikov Nikolay Z.
Published: October 2020

The peculiarity of the modern Russian economy is in a greater degree heterogeneous development of its territories. The concept of long-term socio-economic development of the country for the period up to 2020 provided for the achievement of balanced development of regions as a priority direction. The pandemic suspended the growth of the entire world economy; Russia was affected by a sharp decrease in demand for energy sources, which was followed by a decrease in oil prices, budget revenues, worsening the population's economic conditions etc. The relevance and purpose of the article are conditioned by the need to study the impact of the pandemic on the socio-economic situation in the regions of the country. The study used the official data of Rosstat, Ministry of Finance of Russia, RIA Rating agency “Russia Today” for 2018–2019, the first half of 2019 and the first half of 2020. The research used the methods of analysis and synthesis, grouping, comparison, the index method, etc. Three regions of the PFD were chosen as objects of research: the Chuvash Republic, the Republic of Tatarstan and the Republic of Mari El, occupying different ranking positions by the level of social and economic development. The results of the study showed that the impact of the pandemic began in April 2020 and generally affected the indicators of the 1st half of 2020 and will affect the overall perfor-mance of the year. At this, the ranking places of the regions have not changed, and the indi-cators in absolute terms have sharply deteriorated. In the ranking of regions by the quality of life for 2019 the Republic of Tatarstan retained the 4th place, the Republic of Mari El moved from the 66th to the 61st place, the Chuvash Republic – from the 47th to the 44th place. The results of the study can be used in the practical activities of the authorities when carrying out the economic policy at the local level.
SOFT SEPARATION AXIOMS AND SOFT PRODUCT OF SOFT TOPOLOGICAL SPACES
Authors: RAMKUMAR Solai , SUBBİAH Vinoth
Published: October 2020

In this article, we define a new type soft separation axioms using soft points on soft topological space and discuss the characterizations and properties of them. We extend these separation axioms to the soft product of soft topological spaces. Also we provide correct examples for the wrong examples example:1, example:2 and example:3 given in article [8].
Một số đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng dậy thì sớm vô căn ở trẻ gái
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Diễm Chi , Hoàng Thị Thủy Yên
Published: October 2020

Mục tiêu: Mô tả đặc điểm lâm sàng và xét nghiệm cận lâm sàng theo phân loại dậy thì sớm vô căn ở trẻ gái. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Phương pháp mô tả cắt ngang trên 83 trẻ gái được chẩn đoán dậy thì sớm tại Khoa Nhi, Bệnh viện Trường ĐHYD Huế và Trung tâm Nhi, Bệnh viện Trung ương Huế, từ tháng 3 năm 2010 đến tháng 3 năm 2016. Kết quả: Ở thời điểm chẩn đoán tuổi trung bình của nhóm nghiên cứu là 5,11 ±2,63, Nhóm dậy thì sớm ngoại vi có tuổi trung bình là 3,93±2,22, thấp hơn rõ rệt với nhóm dậy thì sớm trung ương. Tuổi xương lớn hơn tuổi thực cũng là biểu hiện của dậy thì sớm trung ương. Có sự khác biệt rõ rệt các chỉ số siêu âm tử cung-buồng trứng theo phân loại dậy thì sớm trung ương và ngoại biên. Có sự khác biệt rõ rệt nồng độ hormon trục sinh dục FSH, LH nền theo phân loại dậy thì. Nồng độ LH nền tăng cao có ý nghĩa, p1 năm) cũng là biểu hiện của dậy thì sớm trung ương. Về cận lâm sàng, siêu âm tử cung buồng trứng là một xét nghiệm kỹ thuật có giá trị chẩn đoán cao nhưng đòi hỏi có kỹ thuật viên được huấn luyện tốt, và phải hẹn chuẩn bị tốt cho bệnh nhân. Phương pháp định lượng nồng độ hormon LH nền bằng các phương pháp miễn dịch thế hệ 2 có thể đánh giá mức độ trưởng thành của trục hướng sinh dục.
Bệnh thận đái tháo đường: vấn đề cần quan tâm
Authors: Đinh Thị Minh Hảo , Trần Thị Anh Thư
Published: October 2020

Bệnh thận đái tháo đường (ĐTĐ) là một biến chứng nghiêm trọng của ĐTĐ típ 1 và típ 2 có liên quan đến thận. Nó còn được gọi là bệnh thận do ĐTĐ. Khoảng 25% những người mắc bệnh ĐTĐ cuối cùng cũng xuất hiện bệnh thận. Bệnh thận ĐTĐ ảnh hưởng đến khả năng của thận trong việc loại bỏ các chất cặn bã và dịch thừa ra khỏi cơ thể. Cách tốt nhất để ngăn ngừa hoặc trì hoãn bệnh thận ĐTĐ là duy trì một lối sống lành mạnh và điều trị bệnh ĐTĐ và tăng huyết áp. Trong nhiều năm, tình trạng này từ từ làm suy yếu hệ thống lọc tinh vi của thận. Điều trị sớm có thể giúp ngăn ngừa hoặc làm chậm sự tiến triển của bệnh và giảm nguy cơ biến chứng. Bệnh thận có thể tiến triển thành suy thận, còn được gọi là bệnh thận giai đoạn cuối. Suy thận là một tình trạng nguy hiểm đến tính mạng. Ở giai đoạn này, lựa chọn điều trị là chạy thận hoặc ghép thận.
Thực trạng tuân thủ điều trị của bệnh nhân đái tháo đường điều trị ngoại trú tại bệnh viện đa khoa Thiệu hóa
Authors: Nguyễn Trung Anh , Hoàng Thị Thảo , Nguyễn Thị Thu Hương
Published: October 2020

Tổng quan: Tuân thủ điều trị (chế độ ăn, lối sống và dùng thuốc) là một trong các yếu tố quan trọng để đạt được hiệu quả trong điều trị đái tháo đường. Mục tiêu:Mô tả thực trạng tuân thủ điều trị của bệnh nhân đái tháo đường điều trị ngoại trú tại bệnh viện đa khoa Thiệu Hóa và xác định một số nguyên nhân hạn chế việc tuân thủ điều trị của đối tượng trên. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Mô tả cắt ngang trên 200 bệnh nhân đái tháo đường đến khám và điều trị tại bệnh viện đa khoa Thiệu Hóa. Đối tượng nghiên cứu được phỏng vấn theo mẫu bệnh án thống nhất: đánh giá tuân thủ điều trị chế độ ăn, hoạt động thể lực, dùng thuốc và khám định kỳ. Kết quả: Trong số 200 bệnh nhân nghiên cứu, tỉ lệ bệnh nhân ≥ 60 tuổi chiếm 52,5%; tỉ lệ nữ giới chiếm 55,5%. Tỉ lệ bệnh nhân tuân thủ thường xuyên chế độ ăn, luyện tập và khám định kỳ lần lượt là 31,5%; 46,0% và 94,0%. Tỉ lệ bệnh nhân không tuân thủ chế độ ăn, luyện tập và khám định kỳ lần lượt là 25%, 25% và 6%. Tỷ lệ bệnh nhân quên uống thuốc là 27,7%. Tỉ lệ bệnh nhân chưa được tư vấn chế độ ăn và luyện tập lần lượt là 34% và 40,7%. Kết luận: Tỷ lệ tuân thủ điều trị chế độ ăn, hoạt động thể lực, dùng thuốc của bệnh nhân đái tháo đường khám ngoại trú tại bệnh viện đa khoa Thiệu Hóa còn thấp. Do đó, cần có các biện pháp tư vấn trực tiếp, giáo dục sức khỏe cho bệnh nhân.
Nghiên cứu tăng glucose máu do stress trong tiên lượng nhồi máu cơ tim cấp không đái tháo đường
Authors: Mai Thiện Nhân , Hoàng Anh Tiến , Hồ Anh Bình
Published: October 2020

Tổng quan: Tăng glucose máu cấp lúc nhập viện xảy ra phổ biến ở bệnh nhân nhồi máu cơ tim (NMCT) cấp bất kể có đái tháo đường (ĐTĐ) hay không, và được biết đến như là một trong các yếu tố tiên lượng. Tuy nhiên, có rất ít bằng chứng về ảnh hưởng của tăng glucose máu cấp ở bệnh nhân không có ĐTĐ. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu của chúng tôi: Là đánh giá xem thử tăng glucose máu lúc nhập viện có làm tăng các nguy cơ biến chứng tim mạch và tử vong trong viện sau NMCT cấp ở bệnh nhân không ĐTĐ hay không. Phương pháp: Là nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang, gồm 128 bệnh nhân NMCT cấp nhập viện khoa Cấp cứu Tim mạch Can thiệp, Bệnh viện Trung ương Huế từ tháng 4/2017 đến 7/2018. Các bệnh nhân nay được chia thành 3 nhóm glucose theo glucose máu lúc nhập viện (11,1 mmol/L (OR= 7,82; 95%CI [1,39-43,90]) cũng tăng nguy cơ tử vong trong viện. Trong phân tích đa biến, cứ tăng 1 mmol/L glucose nhập viện liên quan đến tăng tỉ lệ các biến chứng tim mạch và tử vong trong viện lần lượt là 41% và 26%. Kết luận: Những kết quả này nhấn mạnh ý nghĩa lâm sàng của tăng glucose máu lúc nhập viện đối với các biến chứng tim mạch và tử vong trong viện ở bệnh nhân NMCT cấp không ĐTĐ.
Assessment of a Rainwater Harvesting System for the Volta Regional Hospital in Ghana
Authors: Nyatuame Mexoese , Atigah Selasi
Published: October 2020

Rainwater harvesting is the art and science of capturing rain for human use. This study analysed rainfall data for the Regional Hospital's catchment area to ascertain potential harvestable rainfall. Assessment of the buildings and their respective roof areas were also done to determine the possible roof catchment areas. The potential rainwater that could be harvested from the different blocks within the hospital range between 3,306.18 -9,943.45m3. The potential total average rainwater that could be harvested from the different blocks within the hospital catchment area of 51,939.11m2 is 53,524.29 m3 per annum. According to data collected from the GWCL, the monthly and yearly demand of water by the hospital are 3,146 m3 and 337,752m3 respectively, which is lower than the total potential rainwater that could be harvested per annum of 53, 524.29m3 . This implies that there would be an excess water of 15,772.29m3 . Theoretically, it means that harvested and stored rainwater could meet the water needs of the hospital.

Keywords: Rainwater harvesting (RWH); Water storage; Organizational water usage
Server-aided Public Key Signatures for Diverse Network Devices
Authors: Asiedu William Asiedu , Osei-Boateng K. , Rajan John
Published: October 2020

One of the main challenges of securing effective computation in diverse network devices tends to be a limitation of their computational power. Server assisted signature scheme was recently presented as nonrepudiation service for mobile and constrained devices. They all tend to have a feature in common: limited computational capabilities and equally limited power (as most operate on batteries). The scheme suffered with high storage requirements and memory requirements for the mobile clients. This makes them ill-suited for public key signatures. This paper examines practical and conceptual implications of using Server-Aided Signatures (SAS) for these devices. SAS is a signature method that relies on partially-trusted servers for generating (normally expensive) public key signatures for regular users. Although the primary goal is to aid small, resource- limited devices in signature generation, SAS also fast certificate revocation, signature causality and with reliable timestamping.

Keywords: Public key infrastructure; Digital signature; Certificate authority.
Resource Sharing among Polytechnic Libraries in Ghana
Authors: Kyerewaa Barfi Faustina
Published: October 2020

The paper presents a synthesis on resource sharing among polytechnic libraries in Ghana. It explores how resource sharing would provide opportunities for the consolidation of strengths and minimize weakness among the polytechnic libraries. The main objective of resource sharing is to maximise the availability of materials and services and to minimize expenses and duplication. The paper further exposed some of the factors which make resource sharing imperative among the polytechnic libraries. These concerns include the proliferation of knowledge on the World Wide Web, issues of distance education, open access and instruction service. It also highlighted some of the resources that could be shared among the polytechnic libraries which include personnel, electronic service, tools, professional activities, policies, etc. Finally techniques that would foster resource sharing activities among the polytechnic libraries were discussed and these include communication, increase in the use of information communication technology, resource mobilisation and capacity building on the part of librarians.

Keywords: Co-operation; Information sharing; Consortia formation; Academic libraries networking.
Predictors of Food Security among Vegetable Farmers in South Ketu and North Ketu, Ghana
Authors: Manu Samuel A. , Akuamoah-Boateng Samuel , Akaba Selorm
Published: October 2020

This study set out to find the predictors of food security for vegetable producing households in the Ketu Districts of the Volta Region of Ghana. In the study area, 226 heads of vegetable farming households were purposively interviewed. The data was subsequently analysed with both food security scale score and logistic regression analysis to determine each household's food security category. The study found eight variables as the major predictors of food security; they are: age,number of children, land ownership, access to change agent, access to financial services, number of vegetables produced, amount of credit received and vegetable produce markets. It is important that change agents focus on these factors among families to improve the availability of nutritious and adequate food in households. The other implication is that the improvement of elements such as amount of credit received and the location of vegetable markets can increase food security levels in the study site and extrapolation in other vegetable producing farm areas in the country.

Keywords: Food security; predictors; credit; extension agent; land size .
Hospitality Management Education in Ghana : A Case Study of Ho Polytechnic
Authors: Appaw-Agbola Esther Theresa , Dehlor Stephen Afenyo
Published: October 2020

The present study aims to examine the hospitality management education system in Ghana and report the initial findings of a qualitative research undertaken for an assessment of the hospitality education system. The views of graduates and students were gathered through in-depth interviews on the hospitality education that they have received. The findings of the study show that the curriculums used by hospitality students in the Polytechnics are overloaded with non-hospitality related subjects. Most of the interviewees felt that they have gained adequate theoretical knowledge and practical skills in the area of food production operation, food and beverage service with little practical knowledge in other subjects. The implication is if the current curricula run by departments of hospitality in the Polytechnics are not reviewed on timely bases, st hospitality management graduates from Polytechnics may not meet the needs of industries in this 21 century.

Keywords: Training; hospitality management; education; qualitative research; curriculum.
Effects of Supervisor-Subordinates Relations on Subordinates’ Commitment Behaviour in Ghana
Authors: Sabbi Matthew
Published: October 2020

This study examined the effects of subordinates’ perception of supervisor favouritism on subordinates’  commitment to their organizations in the Ghanaian context. A cross-sectional survey was employed to study 296 employees comprising supervisors and subordinates in two organizations (public and private). Results from t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression showed: (a) no significant difference in the amount of perceived supervisory support; (b) that perceived favouritism based on ethnicity had a greater tendency to influence supervisor-subordinate exchanges and also the amount of perceived supervisory support; and (c) that subordinates who received more supervisory support were highly committed. There was an inverse relationship between perceived favouritism and organizational commitment of subordinates. Surprisingly, subordinates who perceived favouritism did not show a higher tendency to quit their organizations but rather continued to stay. The organizations could benefit greatly if the lower turnover intents are translated into practical work outputs but that, of course, will involve reducing perceived favouritism to the barest minimum. Suggestions for future research are made.

Keywords: Supervisor-subordinates relations; Organizational commitment; Ethnicity
Exploring the Skills Set Development and its Job Market Relevance of the HND Purchasing and Supply Programme
Authors: Toku Lomatey Isaac , Dzisi Smile , Ofori-Amanfo Joshua
Published: October 2020

The study explores the skills set development and its job market relevance of the HND (Higher National Diploma) purchasing and supply programme in Ghana, using a grounded theory methodology. Semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, observation and documentary analysis were used in the data collection, whereas thematic analysis was applied in the data analyses process. The research findings supported the widely held public perception that skills mismatch exist on the Ghanaian labour market. Besides, the HND Purchasing and Supply practitioners were found to lack managerial skills, confidence (psyche), analytical skills, critical thinking skills, specification development skills, computer skills in terms of data entry, word processing, excel and power point capabilities. Unfortunately, the study did not establish the existence of any practical on the job training in industry to resolve the identified skills deficiency. Although the research revealed that the Public Procurement Authority ( PPA) has been organizing some internships for HND Purchasing and Supply graduates, they still lack hands-on/ practical experience. Nonetheless, the study has confirmed the relevance to practice of the skills set imparted through HND Purchasing and Supply programme.

Keywords: skills set, skills mismatch, purchasing and supply, job market, unemployment.
Competency-Based Training (CBT) Approach to Teaching and Learning in Higher Technical Institutions (HTI) in Ghana
Authors: Gyadu-Asiedu William , Dzisi Smile , Asirifi Patience Kwakyewa , Boamaa Augustine Atta
Published: October 2020

Competency-Based Training (CBT) was introduced in the HTIs (i.e. Polytechnics, most of which has become and Technical Universities) in Ghana to provide graduates with appropriate knowledge and skills to efficiently perform work place roles in industry and administration. This is a preliminary study to undertake an appraisal of CBT since its implementation in the HTIs. The study focuses on the mode of delivery of CBT, the modes assessment, the benefits and the challenges. Mixed methods research design was used to collect and analyse data from five Polytechnics using random sampling. A total of 510 respondents comprising lecturers and students who engaged in various CBT programmes participated in the study. The findings reveal that CBT helps trainees to acquire competencies/skills required in the performance of jobs. CBT also encourages the adoption of flexible delivery and learning methods in Polytechnics in Ghana. Among the major challenges facing CBT in the Polytechnics are finance and logistics as well as the “pen-and-paper test”. The study recommends that proper identification of trainee skills, adoption of appropriate teaching and assessment methods are used in the delivery of CBT. In addition, adequate funding required for CBT training and equipment is also recommended. Most significantly, stronger collaboration with both public and private sector firms in the industry is needed. Finally, commitment and support from all stakeholders in polytechnic education is necessary for the sustainability of CBT.

Keywords: Competency-Based Training; Polytechnic Education; Employable Skills; Job Performance
Secure Wireless Communications Based On Antenna Array Elements
Authors: Nusenu Shaddrack Yaw
Published: October 2020

Configuration of antenna array system to offer directional dependent modulation has the capability of enhancing the security level of data transmission against eavesdroppers’ attacks. In this paper, Frequency diverse array (FDA) antenna for physical–layer security in wireless communications has been proposed. The proposed method provide a range and angle dependent directional modulation scheme using FDA with frequency increments to improve physical-layer security point-to-point communications. It maintains the objective of changing the progressive phase shifts at each symbol transmission. Thus the emitted pattern at each symbol transmission period will be range and angle dependent. Consequently, the proposed method offers a robust physical-layer security for wireless transmission, as the transmitted signal will be deliberately distorted along the undesired positions, but can be successfully decoded by the intended receiver position. Numerical results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Keywords: Frequency diverse array; Physical-layer security; Directional antenna modulation; Wireless communication; Range and angle dependent.
Emulsifying ability of exudate gums obtained from three plant species in Ghana
Authors: Owusu John , Oldham J. H. , Ellis W. O. , Owusu-Boateng G.
Published: October 2020

Food emulsions are thermodynamically unstable mixtures which can be stabilized with the application of an emulsifier. In Ghana emulsifiers are imported, and this increases the final cost of food emulsions. In this study, gums obtained from three tree plant species in Ghana, i.e. Albizia zygia (Albizia), Khaya senegalensis (Khaya), and Anarcardium occidentale (Cashew), were used to stabilize oil-in-water emulsion, and the stability of the emulsions were measured after centrifugation at 1300 x g for 5 min, and upon pH adjustment (from 2 to 3.5). Quantity of gum (mass), solubility of gum in the continuous phase, viscosity, oil volume fraction, and pH were investigated to determine how they affect emulsion stability.The results indicated with the exception of viscosity, emulsion stability is influenced by all the other factors studied. In addition there was no significant difference (P<0.05) between the emulsion stabilities of food emulsions stabilized by gums of Cashew (0.77-0.86) and Acacia (0.78-0.87). The Pearson’s co-efficient of correlation indicated that the emulsion stability values of the emulsions positively correlated with the solubility of the gums (R2 =0.983 at P<0.05, and0.997 at P<0.01). Although there were no significant differences in the emulsion stability values of emulsions stabilized with Albizia and Khaya gums, both recorded significantly lower (P<0.05) emulsion stability values (0.76-0.85 and 0.75-0.81 respectively) than the Acacia gum (control). The Cashew gum has the potential to be utilized as an emulsifier in the food industry.

Keywords: Emulsion, Emulsifier, Acacia gum, Oil-in-water Emulsion, Emulsion stability
Psychological Contract Breach and Work Performance in the Public Sector in Ghana
Authors: Ampofo-Ansah Christine , Ansah Joseph Ampofo
Published: October 2020

Work in organizations entails an exchange relationship between employees and organization. Apart from the written employment contract, there still exists a set of mutual expectations from the two parties (employer and employee) which remain unwritten and unvoiced and yet drives the behavior of both workers and organizations alike, and this is what is referred to as the psychological contract. Psychological contract refers to the employees’ subjective interpretations and evaluations of their deal with the organization. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of breaches or violations in the psychological contract on the performance of employees. It aims to present two concurrent hypotheses, based on theoretical interaction effects of social exchanges (conceptualized as social exchange relationships, fairness, and job security).Data were collected from a sample of 150 employees from both Public and Private Banks in Ghana. Regression analysis was used to explore the moderating effects of social exchanges on the relationships between psychological contract breach and work performance (operationalized as in- role behaviors and organizational citizenship behaviors).It was found that the negative relationship between psychological contract breach and work performance was moderated by social exchanges, such that the relationship was stronger for employees with high social exchange relationship, perceived organizational support, and job security which means that psychological contract breach will negatively affect employees with higher expectations in social exchanges.

Keywords: Breach of contract; Social interaction; Psychological contracts; Job satisfaction
Techno-economics of Biochar and Biogas viability in Ghana
Authors: Ankamah Eric Fifi , Dzamboe Pax Davies , Agbedor Patience Mamle , Tottimeh Godfred , Amoah Joseph Yao
Published: October 2020

Biogas and voucher are technological solutions that deal with sanitation and other environmental problems. The technology for producing biogas from faeces is termed bio-toilet and production of biochar from the same human waste is by means of Sol-char toilet. The study evaluated economic benefits and costs of sol-char toilet and compared with empirical benefits and costs estimates of bio-toilet. Cost Benefit Analysis was used to judge welfare change attribution of investment into Sol Char Toilet and Bio Toilet. The pyrolysis plant was fed with 4000 tons of faeces for which Sol char toilet incurred Total capital cost of US$ 3,140,940.38, Net Present Value (NPV) of US$9,718,817.4788, Profitability Index (PI) of 4.0942381271 and 1.4 years payback period. Bio toilet values for a total of 4000 m3 (100 units of 40 m3 each) were; - Total capital cost of US$ 36,026.05, NPV of US$89,152.75, PI of 3.4746 and 3.46 years payback period. Sol char toilet is faced with high capital requirement challenges, compared with an advantage in smaller payback period and a marginal difference in PI. The study concluded that complementary roles of sol char toilet and bio toilet in the Ghanaian economy is preferred.Keywords: Biogas; Biochar; Cost Benefit Analysis; Profitability Index; Payback period.
Impact of Regulated Biogas Market Structure on Benefits of Biogas in Ghana
Authors: Ankamah Eric Fifi , M. A. B Animpong , K Ampomah-Benefo , Tornyie Ferdinand
Published: October 2020

Improved environmental management facilities provide social benefits to economic agents in Ghana. Biogas technology facility is one solution that offers societal gains. However, the maximization of social benefit in some cases depends on the structure of the market. The objective of this study was to examine loss in consumer surplus and gain in producer surplus, and if there was, deadweight loss relating to regulated biogas market structure in Ghana. The simple market models were fundamental tools in the economic surplus method used for the study. The results of the study showed that regulated monopoly although productive reduces societal gains and so inefficient compared with the free market. The regulated monopolist‖ producer gain was 13%, but there was 37% and 41% loss to consumers and investors‖ NPV respectively. There was also a deadweight loss of US$18,140.00. Market forces allow consumers to be future regulators of previously government regulated 2nd and 3rd degree discriminating monopoly. It is possible to avoid Market forces regulation in biogas diffusion when participants are reluctant to hike price.
Factors Influencing the Discard of Custom-made Garments among Female Students of University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
Authors: Tsyewu Olive Asiwome , Monnie Patience Danquah
Published: October 2020

This paper examined the factors that are likely to cause the discard of custom-made garments among female students of the University of Cape Coast. The descriptive survey design was used for the study and the total number of participants was 246.  The Predictive Analytical Software was employed for data analyses. The data gathered were analysed using inferential statistics and descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages. The study revealed that constructional factors form a higher percentage of the factors that lead respondents to discard their custom-made garments. The major factors that resulted in the discard of custom-made garments among the respondents were poorly stitched garments, poor fit, uncomfortable lining issues, and poor conditions of notions. Slit and Kaba (traditional dress for women in Ghana, the slit is an ankle length skirt and the kaba is a blouse) was the most frequently discarded custom-made garments among the respondents. It was recommended that in decreasing the rate of discard of custom-made garments, dressmakers should select appropriate stitches and notions for garment construction. They should ensure quality in the products they produce and check the fit of the garments properly before handing them over to clients to meet their expectations.
Influence of plug cell volume and substrate type on the development of cucumber seedlings for transplanting
Authors: Kumi Francis , Korkpoe Faith , Osei Gilbert
Published: October 2020

This study investigated the influence of plug cell volume ( 72 cell ( 36 mL ) and 128 cell tray ( 20 mL) ) and substrate type ( peat and cocopeat) on the development of cucumber seedlings. The experiment was designed in a factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with four replications. The following growth data were measured: plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter and shoot and root biomass. The result showed significant differences among the treatments with respect to the plant height, stem diameter, as well as the shoot and root biomasses. Overall, it was found that growing cucumber seedlings in 36 mL cell volume with cocopeat produces a much better young plants for transplanting.
Attitude and Perception of the General Public about Rain Harvesting: Financial Implications for Cape Coast Metropolis in Ghana
Authors: Abraham Abena Yeboah , Adjei Prince , Ohene Ntim Doris
Published: October 2020

The continuous destructions to water bodies while the demand for potable water increases; call for immediate move to seek and improve the adoption of alternative water sources to augment the existing sources. Though Ghana has a rain harvesting strategy, very little seems to be done to improve its implementation and to sensitize the public on its adoption. It is an established fact that adoption is premised on perception but very little has been done to uncover the perception of the general public on rain-harvesting and the portability of rain water as alternative water source. This study seeks to resurrect the need to look in the direction of rain harvesting. Mixed method strategy was adopted to address the stated objectives. The results indicate that greater number of the respondents did not consider untreated rainwater as good enough for drinking but fit for all other domestic uses. The respondents identified lack of appropriate and affordable rain-harvesting system, mode of storage, contaminations with microbes when stored for long and softness as the demoralizing factors that inhibit rainwater harvesting. In conclusion, the analyses showed that rainwater harvesting is on the lower side in the area of adoption among households and major consumers of water in Cape Coast. The results confirm the 2010 census that rain harvesting is not a major source of water to the people of Cape Coast metropolis. The study recommends that stakeholders such as the Ministry of Sanitation and Water Resources must embark on mass education on the need to adopt rainwater as complement to traditional source of water and also support experts to design comprehensive rain-harvesting technique which will improve collections, storage and distribution at an affordable rate for the general public and effectively publicise it for adopts and use. 

Citation: Abena Yeboah Abraham1, Prince Adjei2 and Doris Ohene Ntim3. Attitude and Perception of the General Public about Rain Harvesting: Financial Implications for Cape Coast Metropolis in Ghana, 2020; 5(1): 30-44. Received: (February 6, 2020) Accepted :( (March 31, 2020)
The dynamics of Pecking Order and Agency theories on crowdfunding concept as alternate finance for start-up businesses
Authors: Kuma Francis Kwaku , Effandi Yosuff Mohd
Published: October 2020

The study explores the relevance of theoretical aspect of crowd financing by reviewing the defining literature on Pecking Order and Agency theories in details and evaluates applications of these theories based on crowdfunding. In particular, the study critically considers the key concepts of these theories and how they could be applied in practical terms. The study decides to adopt Pecking Order and the Agency theories because they provide valuable insights into the trend of crowdfunding streams available to firms. The paper primarily adds to existing literature on the broader definition of crowdfunding as a concept and then examine the relationship between this concept and its practical applications to the chosen theories. The study combines these theoretical perspectives with the practical aspects of startup companies raising finance using the crowd because a broad reading of the literature tends to point to in this direction. The key concepts of these theories are critically considered and the study is conducted in the form of review of literature and expression of opinion. Citation: author1, author2, author3. The dynamics of Pecking Order and Agency theories on crowdfunding concept as alternate finance for start-up businesses. 2020; 4(1): 1－13.Received: (February 2, 2020) Accepted: (March 31, 2020)