bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Treating Refractory or Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection among Patients with and without Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Jing-Han , Chiu Cheng-Hsun , Chen Chien-Chang , Chen Yi-Ching , Yeh Pai-Jui , Kuo Chia-Jung , Chiu Cheng-Tang , Cheng Hao-Tsai , Pan Yu-Bin , Le Puo-Hsien
Published: June 2024

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) worsens inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) prognosis. While fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is effective for refractory or recurrent CDI (rrCDI), comparative success rates between IBD and non-IBD patients are scarce. This study addresses this gap. A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital from April 2019 to October 2023. Patients receiving FMT for rrCDI were categorized into IBD and non-IBD groups. Baseline characteristics and outcomes were compared at one month and one year, with successful FMT defined as the resolution of diarrhea without CDI recurrence. The study included 88 patients: 30 with IBD and 58 without IBD. The IBD group was younger, with fewer comorbidities. Success rates at one month were similar between groups (IBD: 80.0% vs. non-IBD: 78.9%, p = 0.908), as were negative toxin tests (IBD: 83.3% vs. non-IBD: 63.8%, p = 0.174). One-year success rates (IBD: 70.0% vs. non-IBD: 67.6%, p = 0.857) and eradication rates (IBD: 94.4% vs. non-IBD: 73.9%, p = 0.112) were also similar. Poor bowel preparation predicted FMT failure at one month (OR = 0.23, p = 0.019). No safety issues were reported. FMT is a safe, effective treatment for rrCDI, demonstrating similar success rates in patients with and without IBD.
Understanding Low-Speed Streaks and Their Function and Control through Movable Shark Scales Acting as a Passive Separation Control Mechanism
Authors: Santos Leonardo M. , Lang Amy , Wahidi Redha , Bonacci Andrew , Gautam Sashank
Published: June 2024

The passive bristling mechanism of the scales on the shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) is hypothesized to play a crucial role in controlling flow separation. In the hypothesized mechanism, the scales are triggered in response to patches of reversed flow at the onset of separation occurring in the low-speed streaks that form in a turbulent boundary layer. The two goals of this investigation were as follows: (1) to measure the reversing flow occurring within the low-speed streaks in a separating turbulent boundary layer; (2) to understand the passive flow control mechanism of movable shark skin scales that inhibit reversing flow within the low-speed streaks. Experiments were conducted using digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV). DPIV was used to analyze the flow in a turbulent boundary layer subjected to an adverse pressure gradient formation over both a smooth flat plate and a flat plate on which shark skin specimens were affixed. The experimental analysis of the flow over the smooth flat plate corroborated the findings of previous direct numerical simulation studies, which indicated that the average spanwise spacing of the low-speed streaks increases in the presence of adverse pressure gradients upstream of the point of separation. However, the characteristics of the flow over the shark skin specimen more closely resemble that of a zero-pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer. A comparative analysis of the width and velocity of the reversed streaks between flat plate and shark skin cases reveals that the mean spanwise spacing decreases, and thus, the number of streaks increases over the shark skin. Additionally, the reversed streaks observed over shark scales are thinner and the highest negative velocity within the streaks falls within the range required to bristle the scales.
A High-Speed Acoustic Echo Canceller Based on Grey Wolf Optimization and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithms
Authors: Pichardo Eduardo , Avalos Juan G. , Sánchez Giovanny , Vazquez Eduardo , Toscano Linda K.
Published: June 2024

Currently, the use of acoustic echo cancellers (AECs) plays a crucial role in IoT applications, such as voice control appliances, hands-free telephony and intelligent voice control devices, among others. Therefore, these IoT devices are mostly controlled by voice commands. However, the performance of these devices is significantly affected by echo noise in real acoustic environments. Despite good results being achieved in terms of echo noise reductions using conventional adaptive filtering based on gradient optimization algorithms, recently, the use of bio-inspired algorithms has attracted significant attention in the science community, since these algorithms exhibit a faster convergence rate when compared with gradient optimization algorithms. To date, several authors have tried to develop high-performance AEC systems to offer high-quality and realistic sound. In this work, we present a new AEC system based on the grey wolf optimization (GWO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms to guarantee a higher convergence speed compared with previously reported solutions. This improvement potentially allows for high tracking capabilities. This aspect has special relevance in real acoustic environments since it indicates the rate at which noise is reduced.
Region-Specific Decellularization of Porcine Uterine Tube Extracellular Matrix: A New Approach for Reproductive Tissue-Engineering Applications
Authors: Almeida Gustavo Henrique Doná Rodrigues , da Silva Raquel Souza , Gibin Mariana Sversut , Gonzaga Victória Hellen de Souza , dos Santos Henrique , Igleisa Rebeca Piatniczka , Fernandes Leticia Alves , Fernandes Iorrane Couto , Nesiyama Thais Naomi Gonçalves , Sato Francielle , Baesso Mauro Luciano , Hernandes Luzmarina , Rinaldi Jaqueline de Carvalho , Meirelles Flávio Vieira , Astolfi-Ferreira Claudete S. , Ferreira Antonio José Piantino , Carreira Ana Claudia Oliveira
Published: June 2024

The uterine tube extracellular matrix is a key component that regulates tubal tissue physiology, and it has a region-specific structural distribution, which is directly associated to its functions. Considering this, the application of biological matrices in culture systems is an interesting strategy to develop biomimetic tubal microenvironments and enhance their complexity. However, there are no established protocols to produce tubal biological matrices that consider the organ morphophysiology for such applications. Therefore, this study aimed to establish region-specific protocols to obtain decellularized scaffolds derived from porcine infundibulum, ampulla, and isthmus to provide suitable sources of biomaterials for tissue-engineering approaches. Porcine uterine tubes were decellularized in solutions of 0.1% SDS and 0.5% Triton X-100. The decellularization efficiency was evaluated by DAPI staining and DNA quantification. We analyzed the ECM composition and structure by optical and scanning electronic microscopy, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy. DNA and DAPI assays validated the decellularization, presenting a significative reduction in cellular content. Structural and spectroscopy analyses revealed that the produced scaffolds remained well structured and with the ECM composition preserved. YS and HEK293 cells were used to attest cytocompatibility, allowing high cell viability rates and successful interaction with the scaffolds. These results suggest that such matrices are applicable for future biotechnological approaches in the reproductive field.
Terahertz Fingerprint Metasurface Sensor Based on Temperature Variation for Trace Molecules
Authors: Wang Weijin , Sun Mingjun , Lin Jie , Xue Ying , Shi Yanpeng
Published: June 2024

Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy has demonstrated significant potential for substance detection due to its low destructiveness and due to the abundance of molecular fingerprint absorption signatures that it contains. However, there is limited research on the fingerprint detection of substances at different temperatures. Here, we propose a THz metamaterial slit array sensor that exploits localized surface plasmons to enhance the electric field within the slit. The transmission peak frequency can be modulated via temperature adjustments. This method enables the detection of molecular absorption characteristics at multiple spectral frequency points, thereby achieving a specific and highly sensitive detection of characteristic analyte fingerprint spectra. Additionally, the sensor supports the detection of substances at multiple temperatures and sensitively identifies changes in their absorption properties as a function of temperature. Our research has employed temperature variation to achieve a highly sensitive and specific detection of trace analytes, offering a new solution for THz molecular detection.
Exemplary Self-Discipline, Leniency towards Others: Competitive Contexts Amplify the “Black Sheep Effect” in Restoring Ingroup Trust
Authors: Cao Ningmeng , Miao Runrun , Sun Binghai , Ren Zirong , Yue Guoan
Published: June 2024

Intergroup interaction, a pivotal aspect of social interaction, encompasses both cooperation and competition. Group identity significantly impacts individual behaviors and decision-making processes. This influence manifests in two contrasting ways when addressing rule-breaking by interaction partners: in-group favoritism, where individuals are more lenient towards infractions committed by in-group members, and the black sheep effect, where in-group members are penalized for their rule-breaking. Although trust is crucial in intergroup interactions, the precise impact of group identity on trust restoration and the potential moderating role of intergroup interaction types remain to be elucidated. This study presents two experiments designed to explore these dynamics. In Study 1, the manipulation of group identity through a point estimation task was utilized to evaluate its impact on intergroup trust restoration via a series of repeated trust games. Study 2 aimed to explore the moderating role of intergroup interaction on intergroup trust restoration by contrasting cooperation and competition situations. The results uncovered a “black sheep effect”, where participants demonstrated a greater propensity for trust restoration with out-group members than with in-group members. This effect, however, was only evident in competitive contexts. Conversely, in cooperative contexts, the individual’s trust in the in-group and out-group members is effectively repaired. These findings contribute to a deeper comprehension of trust dynamics in intergroup interactions, promoting trust establishment and repair between diverse groups, thereby boosting team collaboration efficiency and mitigating conflicts.
Evaluation of Problematic Video Game Use in Adolescents with ADHD and without ADHD: New Evidence and Recommendations
Authors: Isorna Folgar Manuel , Faílde Garrido José M. , Dapía Conde María D. , Braña Rey Fátima
Published: June 2024

Video game addiction among adolescents, particularly those with ADHD, is a significant concern. To gather more insights into video game usage patterns in this population, we investigated levels of potentially problematic use, passion, motivations, and emotional/behavioral symptoms in adolescents with and without ADHD. Our cross-sectional, multicenter study involved 2513 subjects (Age M = 15.07; SD = 2.82) from 24 schools in Galicia (Spain), including 158 (6.3%) diagnosed with ADHD. We employed an ad hoc questionnaire covering sociodemographic data and ADHD diagnosis, the Questionnaire of Experiences Associated with Video Games (CERV), the scale of passion for video games, reasons for playing video games Questionaire (VMQ), and emotional/behavioral problems assessment (SDQ). Results indicated heightened vulnerability in adolescents with ADHD, manifesting in longer usage durations and higher problematic use scores. Interestingly, ADHD medication did not affect internet gaming disorder development. Motivations for gaming differed between groups, with the ADHD cohort showing distinctions in cognitive development, coping, and violent reward. Additionally, the ADHD group exhibited greater emotional/behavioral symptoms, hyperactivity, and reduced prosocial behavior.
Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Gingival Fibroblasts Inhibits Osteoclast Formation
Authors: Ceylan Merve , Schoenmaker Ton , Hogervorst Jolanda , Jansen Ineke , Schimmel Irene , Prins Caya , Laine Marja , de Vries Teun
Published: June 2024

Gingival fibroblasts (GFs) can differentiate into osteoblast-like cells and induce osteoclast precursors to differentiate into osteoclasts. As it is unclear whether these two processes influence each other, we investigated how osteogenic differentiation of GFs affects their osteoclast-inducing capacity. To establish step-wise mineralization, GFs were cultured in four groups for 3 weeks, without or with osteogenic medium for the final 1, 2, or all 3 weeks. The mineralization was assessed by ALP activity, calcium concentration, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Alizarin Red staining, and quantitative PCR (qPCR). To induce osteoclast differentiation, these cultures were then co-cultured for a further 3 weeks with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) containing osteoclast precursors. Osteoclast formation was assessed at different timepoints with qPCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), TRAcP activity, and staining. ALP activity and calcium concentration increased significantly over time. As confirmed with the Alizarin Red staining, SEM images showed that the mineralization process occurred over time. Osteoclast numbers decreased in the GF cultures that had undergone osteogenesis. TNF-α secretion, a costimulatory molecule for osteoclast differentiation, was highest in the control group. GFs can differentiate into osteoblast-like cells and their degree of differentiation reduces their osteoclast-inducing capacity, indicating that, with appropriate stimulation, GFs could be used in regenerative periodontal treatments.
In Vivo Effects of Bay 11-7082 on Fibroid Growth and Gene Expression: A Preclinical Study
Authors: Chuang Tsai-Der , Ton Nhu , Rysling Shawn , Khorram Omid
Published: June 2024

Current medical therapies for fibroids have major limitations due to their hypoestrogenic side effects. Based on our previous work showing the activation of NF-kB in fibroids, we hypothesized that inhibiting NF-kB in vivo would result in the shrinkage of tumors and reduced inflammation. Fibroid xenografts were implanted in SCID mice and treated daily with Bay 11-7082 (Bay) or vehicle for two months. Bay treatment led to a 50% reduction in tumor weight. RNAseq revealed decreased expression of genes related to cell proliferation, inflammation, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, and growth factor expression. Validation through qRT-PCR, Western blotting, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) confirmed these findings. Bay treatment reduced mRNA expression of cell cycle regulators (CCND1, E2F1, and CKS2), inflammatory markers (SPARC, TDO2, MYD88, TLR3, TLR6, IL6, TNFα, TNFRSF11A, and IL1β), ECM remodelers (COL3A1, FN1, LOX, and TGFβ3), growth factors (PRL, PDGFA, and VEGFC), progesterone receptor, and miR-29c and miR-200c. Collagen levels were reduced in Bay-treated xenografts. Western blotting and IHC showed decreased protein abundance in certain ECM components and inflammatory markers, but not cleaved caspase three. Ki67, CCND1, and E2F1 expression decreased with Bay treatment. This preclinical study suggests NF-kB inhibition as an effective fibroid treatment, suppressing genes involved in proliferation, inflammation, and ECM remodeling.
First Direct Gravimetric Detection of Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid (PFOS) Water Contaminants, Combination with Electrical Measurements on the Same Device—Proof of Concepts
Authors: Ivanov George R. , Venelinov Tony , Marinov Yordan G. , Hadjichristov Georgi B. , Terfort Andreas , David Melinda , Florescu Monica , Karakuş Selcan
Published: June 2024

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are pollutants of concern due to their long-term persistence in the environment and human health effects. Among them, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) is very ubiquitous and dangerous for health. Currently, the detection levels required by the legislation can be achieved only with expensive laboratory equipment. Hence, there is a need for portable, in-field, and possibly real-time detection. Optical and electrochemical transduction mechanisms are mainly used for the chemical sensors. Here, we report the first gravimetric detection of small-sized molecules like PFOS (MW 500) dissolved in water. A 100 MHz quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measured at the third harmonic and an even more sensitive 434 MHz two-port surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator with gold electrodes were used as transducers. The PFOS selective sensing layer was prepared from the metal organic framework (MOF) MIL-101(Cr). Its nano-sized thickness and structure were optimized using the discreet Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) film deposition method. This is the first time that LB multilayers from bulk MOFs have been prepared. The measured frequency downshifts of around 220 kHz per 1 µmol/L of PFOS, a SAW resonator-loaded QL-factor above 2000, and reaction times in the minutes’ range are highly promising for an in-field sensor reaching the water safety directives. Additionally, we use the micrometer-sized interdigitated electrodes of the SAW resonator to strongly enhance the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of the PFOS contamination. Thus, for the first time, we combine the ultra-sensitive gravimetry of small molecules in a water environment with electrical measurements on a single device. This combination provides additional sensor selectivity. Control tests against a bare resonator and two similar compounds prove the concept’s viability. All measurements were performed with pocket-sized tablet-powered devices, thus making the system highly portable and field-deployable. While here we focus on one of the emerging water contaminants, this concept with a different selective coating can be used for other new contaminants.
Symbiosis of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria and Total General Bacteria Affects Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion of Carbon Steel
Authors: Jin Juxing , Li Yingchao , Huang Huaiwei , Xiang Yong , Yan Wei
Published: June 2024

The effects of the symbiosis of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and total general bacteria (TGB) on the microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of carbon steel were investigated in this research. The SRB was the main corrosive bacterium, and TGB induced slightly general MIC. The symbiosis of SRB and TGB induced more severe MIC and pitting corrosion than SRB. The main corrosion products were FeS, Fe2O3, and FeOOH. The presence of TGB facilitates MIC and pitting corrosion by providing a locally anaerobic shelter for SRB. An MIC mechanism of the symbiosis of SRB and TGB was proposed.
A Novel Tire and Road Testing Bench for Modern Automotive Needs
Authors: Favilli Francesco , Sgamma Michele , Bucchi Francesco , Frendo Francesco , Leandri Pietro , Losa Massimo
Published: June 2024

The automotive industry is currently transforming, primarily due to the rise of electric and hybrid vehicle technologies and the need to reduce vehicle mass and energy losses to decrease consumption, pollution, and raw material usage. Additionally, road surface manufacturers emphasize improving pavement durability and reducing rolling noise. This necessitates precise load condition definitions and drives the need for reliable wheel testing benches. Many current benches use abrasive-coated rollers or synthetic tapes, but devices capable of testing on actual road surfaces are rare. In this work, a novel device for testing tire-pavement interaction is proposed. The system features a cart moving along a closed-track platform, ensuring test repeatability and enabling structural durability tests on uneven surfaces with installed obstacles. The cart is equipped with a cantilever arm capable of supporting either a testing wheel with customizable dimensions and kinematic parameters or a tire integrated with a complete suspension system, moving along a customizable pavement surface. The system includes actuators and sensors for applying vertical loads and adjusting the alignment of the testing wheel (slip angle, camber angle, etc.), allowing the characterization of tire behavior such as wear, fatigue, rolling noise, and rolling resistance. Multibody simulations were performed to evaluate the bench’s feasibility in terms of kinematics, power requirements, and structural loads. Results confirmed how this novel test bench represents a promising advancement in tire testing capabilities, enabling comprehensive studies on tire performance, noise reduction, and the structural dynamics of vehicle subsystems.
Exploring the Impact of Noise and Image Quality on Deep Learning Performance in DXA Images
Authors: Hussain Dildar , Hyeon Gu Yeong
Published: June 2024

Background and Objective: Segmentation of the femur in Dual-Energy X-ray (DXA) images poses challenges due to reduced contrast, noise, bone shape variations, and inconsistent X-ray beam penetration. In this study, we investigate the relationship between noise and certain deep learning (DL) techniques for semantic segmentation of the femur to enhance segmentation and bone mineral density (BMD) accuracy by incorporating noise reduction methods into DL models. Methods: Convolutional neural network (CNN)-based models were employed to segment femurs in DXA images and evaluate the effects of noise reduction filters on segmentation accuracy and their effect on BMD calculation. Various noise reduction techniques were integrated into DL-based models to enhance image quality before training. We assessed the performance of the fully convolutional neural network (FCNN) in comparison to noise reduction algorithms and manual segmentation methods. Results: Our study demonstrated that the FCNN outperformed noise reduction algorithms in enhancing segmentation accuracy and enabling precise calculation of BMD. The FCNN-based segmentation approach achieved a segmentation accuracy of 98.84% and a correlation coefficient of 0.9928 for BMD measurements, indicating its effectiveness in the clinical diagnosis of osteoporosis. Conclusions: In conclusion, integrating noise reduction techniques into DL-based models significantly improves femur segmentation accuracy in DXA images. The FCNN model, in particular, shows promising results in enhancing BMD calculation and clinical diagnosis of osteoporosis. These findings highlight the potential of DL techniques in addressing segmentation challenges and improving diagnostic accuracy in medical imaging.
Photogrammetric Measurement of Grassland Fire Spread: Techniques and Challenges with Low-Cost Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Marčiš Marián , Fraštia Marek , Lieskovský Tibor , Ambroz Martin , Mikula Karol
Published: June 2024

The spread of natural fires is a complex issue, as its mathematical modeling needs to consider many parameters. Therefore, the results of such modeling always need to be validated by comparison with experimental measurements under real-world conditions. Remote sensing with the support of satellite or aerial sensors has long been used for this purpose. In this article, we focused on data collection with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), which was used both for creating a digital surface model and for dynamic monitoring of the spread of controlled grassland fires in the visible spectrum. We subsequently tested the impact of various processing settings on the accuracy of the digital elevation model (DEM) and orthophotos, which are commonly used as a basis for analyzing fire spread. For the DEM generated from images taken during the final flight after the fire, deviations did not exceed 0.1 m compared to the reference model from LiDAR. Scale errors in the model with only approximal WGS84 exterior orientation parameters did not exceed a relative accuracy of 1:500, and possible deformations of the DEM up to 0.5 m in height had a minimal impact on determining the rate of fire spread, even with oblique images taken at an angle of 45°. The results of the experiments highlight the advantages of using low-cost SfM photogrammetry and provide an overview of potential issues encountered in measuring and performing photogrammetric processing of fire spread.
Ensuring Equal Opportunities in an English-for-Specific-Purposes Course for Working-While-Studying Technical Students
Authors: Oblova Irina Sergeevna , Gerasimova Irina Gennadyevna
Published: June 2024

The number of technical students combining work and studies has increased recently. More and more students decide to gain professional experience as early as possible, resulting in a lower attendance rate. This is highly relevant to master’s degree students who struggle to succeed in both academic and professional activities, necessitating research into academic attainment strategies. The paper describes the types of working students, their needs in English, and proposes a way to improve their academic achievement, including English proficiency. A series of tests and an interview were administered to a sample of 363 master’s degree students learning technical English. The chi-square test, Fisher’s test and the Mann–Whitney Z-test were employed in order to assess the language skills acquired by students in blended learning and offline classes, and to validate the designed blended ESP course featuring an e-course and classroom lessons. The findings of the research indicated that working-while-studying students enrolled in the blended course made more significant progress in their English skills, particularly in reading and writing, compared to non-working students who had only traditional offline lessons. The results provide insights concerning the benefits of blended learning to ensure equal opportunities for working-while-studying students and their ways of adapting to a changing learning environment.
Recent Advances of Conductive Hydrogels for Flexible Electronics
Authors: Wang Jingyu , Yang Bao , Jiang Zhenyu , Liu Yiping , Zhou Licheng , Liu Zejia , Tang Liqun
Published: June 2024

Conductive hydrogels combine the properties of both hydrogels and conductors, making them soft, flexible, and biocompatible. These properties enable them to conform to irregular surfaces, stretch and bend without losing their electrical conductivity, and interface with biological systems. Conductive hydrogels can be utilized as conductive traces, electrodes, or as a matrix for flexible electronics. Exciting applications in sensors, tissue engineering, and human-machine interaction have been demonstrated worldwide. This review comprehensively covers the progress in this field, focusing on several main aspects: functional materials, performance improvement strategies, and wearable applications in human-related areas. Furthermore, the major approaches and challenges for improving their mechanical properties, conductivity, and long-term stability are systematically summarized.
Concept and Realisation of ISFET-Based Measurement Modules for Infield Soil Nutrient Analysis and Hydroponic Systems
Authors: Riedel Vadim , Hinck Stefan , Peiter Edgar , Ruckelshausen Arno
Published: June 2024

Ion-selective field-effect transistors (ISFETs) offer potential as micro-sensors for in situ monitoring of complex target variables in real-time closed loop actions. This article presents the concept and realisation of application-specific ISFET-based measurement systems for two different agricultural domains: infield soil measurements and hydroponic systems. Commercially available ISFETs were integrated as multi-sensor modules as well as single-sensor units for the measurement of plant-available nutrients, such as H2PO4−, NO3−, K+ or NH4+, and pH-values. Moreover, application-relevant pH values as well as temperatures for calibration purposes were measured. ISFETs were selected according to the relevant measurement dynamics for the applications. For the development and testing procedures, a laboratory setup was built up. Supported by reference materials, the outputs of the ISFETs were evaluated with respect to stability under the influence of disturbance variables, reproducibility and settling time. The results were used to develop new readout electronics. Next to stability, conditioning and calibration processes were relevant. The micro-sensors were integrated in new application-specific mechatronic handling systems and process flows. The realisation and tests are presented as well as first measurements in outdoor fields and indoor hydroponic environments.
A Modified High-Selective Frequency Selective Surface Designed by Multilevel Green’s Function Interpolation Method
Authors: Huang Ze , Sun Rongrong , Zhao Peng , Zhang Kanglong , Wang Yanyang , Guan Zhimin , Wang Gaofeng
Published: June 2024

A compact high-selective band-pass frequency selective surface (FSS) with the unit cell less than λ/7 is presented. For the simulation of the structure, the multilevel Green’s function interpolation method (MLGFIM) using Floquet theory is adopted to accelerate the calculation of the complex unit cell. The radial basis function (RBF)-QR method is used in the interpolation, which makes the shape parameter in the RBF function not required to be retested for different periodicity. In this design, with an aperture coupling structure between the top and bottom layers patterned by triangular patches and meander lines, the FSS has two transmission zeros (TZs) on both sides of the pass-band and achieves a steep roll-off rate of 192 dB/GHz. Consequently, the FSS has high selectivity and out-of-band suppression, besides profiting from the low profile and symmetric geometry, this FSS exhibits good angular and polarization stabilities. The prototype of the proposed FSS is fabricated and good performance is obtained.
Multi-Objective Region Encryption Algorithm Based on Adaptive Mechanism
Authors: Wang Juan , Gao Boyong , Xiong Xingchuang , Liu Zilong , Pei Chenbo
Published: June 2024

The advancement of information technology has led to the widespread application of remote measurement systems, where information in the form of images or videos, serving as measurement results, is transmitted over networks. However, this transmission is highly susceptible to attacks, tampering, and disputes, posing significant risks to the trustworthy transmission of measurement results from instruments and devices. In recent years, many encryption algorithms proposed for images have focused on encrypting the entire image, resulting in resource waste. Additionally, most encryption algorithms are designed only for single-object-type images. Addressing these issues, this paper proposes a multi-object region encryption algorithm based on an adaptive mechanism. Firstly, an adaptive mechanism is employed to determine the strategy for adjusting the sampling rate of encryption objects, achieved through an encryption resource allocation algorithm. Secondly, an improved polygon segmentation algorithm is utilized to separate single-object regions from multi-object images, dynamically adjusting the sequence of encryption objects based on the adaptive mechanism. Finally, encryption is achieved using a chaos fusion XOR encryption algorithm. Experimental validation using instrument images demonstrates that the proposed algorithm offers high efficiency and security advantages compared to other mainstream image encryption algorithms.
Intelligent Threat Detection—AI-Driven Analysis of Honeypot Data to Counter Cyber Threats
Authors: Lanka Phani , Gupta Khushi , Varol Cihan
Published: June 2024

Security adversaries are rampant on the Internet, constantly seeking vulnerabilities to exploit. The sheer proliferation of these sophisticated threats necessitates innovative and swift defensive measures to protect the vulnerable infrastructure. Tools such as honeypots effectively determine adversary behavior and safeguard critical organizational systems. However, it takes a significant amount of time to analyze these attacks on the honeypots, and by the time actionable intelligence is gathered from the attacker’s tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs), it is often too late to prevent potential damage to the organization’s critical systems. This paper contributes to the advancement of cybersecurity practices by presenting a cutting-edge methodology, capitalizing on the synergy between artificial intelligence and threat analysis to combat evolving cyber threats. The current research articulates a novel strategy, outlining a method to analyze large volumes of attacker data from honeypots utilizing large language models (LLMs) to assimilate TTPs and apply this knowledge to identify real-time anomalies in regular user activity. The effectiveness of this model is tested in real-world scenarios, demonstrating a notable reduction in response time for detecting malicious activities in critical infrastructure. Moreover, we delve into the proposed framework’s practical implementation considerations and scalability, underscoring its adaptability in diverse organizational contexts.
Cost-Effective Planning of Hybrid Energy Systems Using Improved Horse Herd Optimizer and Cloud Theory under Uncertainty
Authors: Alghamdi Ali S.
Published: June 2024

In this paper, an intelligent stochastic model is recommended for the optimization of a hybrid system that encompasses wind energy sources, battery storage, combined heat and power generation, and thermal energy storage (Wind/Battery/CHP/TES), with the inclusion of electric and thermal storages through the cloud theory model. The framework aims to minimize the costs of planning, such as construction, maintenance, operation, and environmental pollution costs, to determine the best configuration of the resources and storage units to ensure efficient electricity and heat supply simultaneously. A novel meta-heuristic optimization algorithm named improved horse herd optimizer (IHHO) is applied to find the decision variables. Rosenbrock’s direct rotational technique is applied to the conventional horse herd optimizer (HHO) to improve the algorithm’s performance against premature convergence in the optimization due to the complexity of the problem, and its capability is evaluated with particle swarm optimization (PSO) and manta ray foraging optimization (MRFO) methods. Also, the cloud theory-based stochastic model is recommended for solving problems with uncertainties of system generation and demand. The obtained results are evaluated in three simulation scenarios including (1) Wind/Battery, (2) Wind/Battery/CHP, and (3) Wind/Battery/CHP/TES systems to implement the proposed methodology and evaluate its effectiveness. The results show that scenario 3 is the best configuration to meet electrical and thermal loads, with the lowest planning cost (12.98% less than scenario 1). Also, the superiority of the IHHO is proven with more accurate answers and higher convergence rates in contrast to the conventional HHO, PSO, and MRFO. Moreover, the results show that when considering the cloud theory-based stochastic model, the costs of annual planning are increased for scenarios 1 to 3 by 4.00%, 4.20%, and 3.96%, respectively, compared to the deterministic model.
Research on the Composting Technology of Cattle and Sheep Manure Based on Intelligent and Efficient Composting Equipment and the Evaluation Standard of Decomposition Degree
Authors: Su Lide , Ren Kailin , Zhang Yong , Zhang Longfei
Published: June 2024

The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is a crucial area in China with a significant advantage in animal husbandry, particularly in cattle and sheep farming. However, the disposal of the large quantities of manure produced during farming has severely impacted the industry’s healthy development. Proper treatment of the manure can convert it into organic fertilizer beneficial to farmland; otherwise, it will cause substantial environmental pollution. This study focuses on existing composting equipment and addresses the issues of cattle and sheep manure mixture ratios and compost maturity evaluation. Through experiments on the mixture of cattle and sheep manure, the optimal ratio for converting cattle and sheep manure into organic fertilizer was determined. Additionally, a fuzzy mathematical evaluation model was employed, along with experimental data, to establish a comprehensive evaluation system for aerobic compost maturity based on multiple indicators, revealing the variation patterns of maturity levels under different mixture ratios. The test results revealed that the composting equipment effectively controls the composting process, shortens the composting cycle, ensures the complete decomposition of organic matter, and meets national standards for livestock and poultry manure treatment. Regarding temperature and humidity, oxygen concentration, seed germination rate, pH value, electrical conductivity (EC), nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content, and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, the mixed compost of cattle and sheep manure in various ratios met the relevant standards for agricultural application. Various ratios of organic fertilizers containing cattle and sheep manure significantly promoted the growth of maize, wheat, and mung bean crops. Specifically, the compost decomposition cycle was shortest when sheep and cattle dung were mixed at a ratio of 2:1, while it was longest for all cattle dung. Finally, a fuzzy mathematical comprehensive evaluation model was established by selecting four indicators: water content, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, apparent score, and germination index. The study demonstrates that the equipment and method offer significant advantages in efficiently treating cattle and sheep manure and producing organic fertilizer, thereby providing strong support for the sustainable development of animal husbandry.
Effects of Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) Juice Byproduct Administered Using Different Feeding Methods on the Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Antioxidant Status, and Disease Resistance against Streptococcus iniae of Juvenile Black Rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii)
Authors: Oh Hwa Yong , Lee Tae Hoon , Lee Gyu Jin , Park Seo Young , Kim Ki-Tae , Kim Hee Sung
Published: June 2024

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) juice byproduct (YJB) on the growth performance, digestive and antioxidant enzyme activities, and disease resistance against Streptococcus iniae of juvenile black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) based on different feeding schedules. Four different YJB feeding strategies were evaluated: feeding the fish a basal diet continuously (control, T0), feeding them YJB (2.5 g/kg) continuously (T1), feeding them YJB for 1 day and the basal diet the next day (T2), and feeding them YJB for 1 day and the basal diet for the following 2 days (T3). No difference in survival among the treatments was found after the 8-week feeding trial (p > 0.05). However, the T1 and T2 groups exhibited significant enhancements in final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate compared with the T0 and T3 groups. Furthermore, the T1 and T2 groups showed a significant improvement in feed consumption, feed efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio compared with the T0 and T3 groups. No significant differences in the condition factor or viscerosomatic and hepatosomatic indices were observed among all the groups. Intestinal amylase, trypsin, and lipase activity was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the T1 and T2 groups than in the T0 and T3 groups. Lysozyme, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity along with glutathione peroxidase content were significantly (p < 0.05) higher under all YJB feeding regimens than those under the control treatment. The survival rates in all the YJB treatment groups after the S. iniae challenge were significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced. In conclusion, we recommend offering YJB at day-to-day intervals to improve growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant status, and disease resistance against S. iniae.
Flow and Aeroacoustic Characteristics of Underexpanded Supersonic Jets Exhausting from a Conical Converging Nozzle
Authors: Volkov Konstantin
Published: June 2024

Ensuring the safety of space flights and solving the problems of reducing acoustic loads during the launch of space vehicles requires not only the development of new technical systems for launch complexes, but also methods for the numerical simulation of fluid and aeroacoustic fields generated by supersonic jets. The growing regulations for space vehicle noise also explain the interest in developing models and techniques that anticipate flow and the aeroacoustic characteristics of supersonic jets. Together with integral techniques for computing far-field noise, development of relevant mathematical models and implementation of numerical tools, the concepts of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and computational aeroacoustics (CAA) are covered. The noise generated by a supersonic underexpanded jet is used to illustrate the capabilities of current numerical modelling and simulation tools. The jet structure, flow properties, and aeroacoustic quantities are affected by the nozzle pressure ratio. The outcomes of numerical simulation are contrasted with existing experimental and computational data. The available numerical modelling and simulation tools facilitate the development of novel computational methods and methodologies for challenges in CFD and CAA, in addition to solving research and engineering problems.
Genome- and Toxicology-Based Safety Assessment of Probiotic Akkermansia muciniphila ONE Isolated from Humans
Authors: Lv Na , Wang Caiping , Zhou Hongtao , Ma Xin , Yu Xueping , Ren Dayong
Published: June 2024

In this study, the genome of Akkermansia muciniphila ONE (designated AKK ONE) was sequenced, assembled, and analyzed. In addition, the safety of this strain was further evaluated by toxicological studies. The results showed that the AKK ONE genome is contained on a single chromosome with a total length of 2,817,524 bp and an average GC content of 55.48%. In total, 2411, 1131, 1168, 1745, and 1402 genes were annotated to the NR, GO, KEGG, COG, and SwissProt database, respectively. Potential resistance genes, adeF, tetW, ANT(3″)-IIa, and aadA1 were detected. AKK ONE was sensitive to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, meropenem, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol and resistant to moxifloxacin. No potential virulence-related genes were detected. The PathogenFinder database analysis showed that AKK ONE was a non-potential human pathogen. This strain had good gastroenteric fluid tolerance and a weak ability to colonize the gut. No test item-related adverse effects were observed in the acute and subchronic toxicity test. AKK ONE did not display mutagenic activity either. This strain did not change the hematological and clinical biochemical parameters of mice. The weights of the organs were not affected by AKK ONE treatment. These results support that AKK ONE is safe for use as a probiotic at a dose of 8.28 × 109 CFU/kg bw/day.
Closing the Fibre Gap—The Impact of Combination of Soluble and Insoluble Dietary Fibre on Bread Quality and Health Benefits
Authors: Sempio Rebecca , Segura Godoy Celia , Nyhan Laura , Sahin Aylin W. , Zannini Emanuele , Walter Jens , Arendt Elke K.
Published: June 2024

Dietary fibre (DF) is important for overall health and disease prevention. However, the intake of DF in Westernised countries is below the recommended level, largely due to the excessive consumption of low-fibre foods. Fortifying staple foods, such as bread, with dietary fibre ingredients is one approach to closing the fibre gap in our diet. However, incorporating purified and chemically modified fibre ingredients into food is challenging. This study unveils interactions between soluble–fermentable (arabinoxylan), insoluble–fermentable (resistant starch type IV) and insoluble–unfermentable (cellulose) fibre ingredients and their impact on bread quality using Response Surface Methodology. This resulted in an optimised mixture of these fibre ingredients that can coexist within a bread matrix while maintaining quality characteristics comparable to white wheat bread. The partial replacement of flour with fibre ingredients led to an interference with the gluten network causing a reduction in gluten strength by 12.4% and prolonged gluten network development time by 24.4% compared to the control (no fibre addition). However, the CO2 retention coefficient during dough fermentation was not affected by fibre ingredient inclusion. The fibre content of the white bread was increased by 128%, with only a marginal negative impact on bread quality. Additionally, the fibre-fortified bread showed a lower release of reducing sugars during in vitro starch digestion. This study illustrates the synergy of different types of fibre ingredients in a bread system to advance in closing the fibre gap.
Immobilised Inulinase from Aspergillus niger for Fructose Syrup Production: An Optimisation Model
Authors: Lara-Fiallos Marco , Ayala Chamorro Yomira T. , Espín-Valladares Rosario , DelaVega-Quintero Juan Carlos , Olmedo-Galarza Valeria , Nuñez-Pérez Jimmy , Pais-Chanfrau José-Manuel , Martínez Amaury Pérez
Published: June 2024

Fructose is a carbohydrate with essential applications in the food industry, mainly due to its high sweetness and low cost. The present investigation focused on optimising fructose production from commercial inulin using the enzymatic immobilisation method and applying the response surface methodology in a 12-run central composite design. The independent variables evaluated were the pH (−) and temperature (°C). The substrate consisted of a commercial inulin solution at a concentration of 1 g/L, while the catalyst consisted of the enzyme inulinase from Aspergillus niger (EC 232-802-3), immobilised in 2% m/v sodium alginate. A stirred vessel reactor was used for 90 min at 120 rpm, and quantification of reducing sugars was determined using DNS colorimetric and UV–Vis spectrophotometric methods at a 540 nm wavelength. After applying the response surface methodology, it was determined that the catalytic activity using the immobilisation method allows for a maximum total productivity of 16.4 mg/h under pH and temperature of 3.9 and 37 °C, respectively, with an efficiency of 96.4%. The immobilised enzymes’ reusability and stability compared to free enzymes were evaluated, obtaining activity up to the fifth reuse cycle and showing significant advantages over the free catalyst.
A Qualitative Analysis of a Non-Linear Coupled System under Two Types of Fractional Derivatives along with Mixed Boundary Conditions
Authors: Amara Abdelkader , Mezabia Mohammed El-Hadi , Tellab Brahim , Zennir Khaled , Bouhali Keltoum , Alkhalifa Loay
Published: June 2024

This work addresses the qualitative analysis of a novel non-linear coupled system of fractional differential problems (FDPs) using Caputo and Liouville–Riemann fractional derivatives. Fractional calculus has demonstrated significant applicability across various fields, including financial systems, optimal control, epidemiological models, chaotic systems, and engineering. The proposed model builds on existing research by formulating a non-linear coupled fractional boundary value problem with mixed boundary conditions. The primary advantages of our method include its ability to capture the dynamics of complex systems more accurately and its flexibility in handling different types of fractional derivatives. The model’s solution was derived using advanced mathematical techniques, and the results confirmed the existence and uniqueness of the solutions. This approach not only generalizes classical differential equation methods but also offers a robust framework for modeling real-world phenomena governed by fractional dynamics. The study concludes with the validation of the theoretical findings through illustrative examples, highlighting the method’s efficacy and potential for further applications.