bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phase transition of the 2-Choices dynamics on core–periphery networks
Authors: Cruciani Emilio , Natale Emanuele , Nusser André , Scornavacca Giacomo
Published: May 2021

The 2-Choices dynamics is a process that models voting behavior on networks and works as follows: Each agent initially holds either opinion blue or red; then, in each round, each agent looks at two random neighbors and, if the two have the same opinion, the agent adopts it. We study its behavior on a class of networks with core–periphery structure. Assume that a densely-connected subset of agents, the core, holds a different opinion from the rest of the network, the periphery. We prove that, depending on the strength of the cut between core and periphery, a phase-transition phenomenon occurs: Either the core’s opinion rapidly spreads across the network, or a metastability phase takes place in which both opinions coexist for superpolynomial time. The interest of our result, which we also validate with extensive experiments on real networks, is twofold. First, it sheds light on the influence of the core on the rest of the network as a function of its connectivity toward the latter. Second, it is one of the first analytical results which shows a heterogeneous behavior of a simple dynamics as a function of structural parameters of the network.
Laryngeal Sarcoidosis and Swallowing: What Do We Know About Dysphagia Assessment and Management in this Population?
Authors: Lovell Lindsay , Clunie Gemma M. , Al-Yaghchi Chadwan , Roe Justin , Sandhu Guri
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology and laryngeal involvement is seen in a small percentage of cases. Dysphagia is a common but under-reported symptom. Little is known about how dysphagia typically presents or is managed in the context of this fluctuating disease. We present our case series using an SLT-led model of assessment and management.

Methods

A literature search was conducted for any articles that reported both laryngeal sarcoidosis and dysphagia. We then analysed a case series of laryngeal sarcoidosis patients treated at Charing Cross Hospital. We report on multidimensional swallowing evaluation and rehabilitative interventions.

Results

Seventeen papers report both laryngeal sarcoidosis and dysphagia, with only one paper giving details on the nature of the dysphagia and the treatment provided.

In our case series (n = 7), patients presented with FOIS Scores ranging from 5 to 7 pre-operatively (median = 6). Aspiration (median PAS Score = 6 and Range = 3–8) and pharyngeal residue were common. Sensory issues were also prevalent with most unaware of the extent of their difficulties. Management interventions included safe swallowing advice, compensatory strategies, exercises and close surveillance given their potential for repeated surgical interventions.

Conclusion

Laryngeal sarcoidosis is a rare condition. Dysphagia is under-reported and our experience highlights the need for specialist dysphagia intervention. Further research is required to understand dysphagia management requirements in the context of this fluctuating disease process.
Brattforsite, Mn19(AsO3)12Cl2, a new arsenite mineral related to magnussonite, from Brattforsgruvan, Nordmark, Värmland, Sweden
Authors: Holtstam Dan , Biagioni Cristian , Hålenius Ulf
Published: May 2021

Brattforsite is an approved mineral (IMA2019-127), with ideal formula Mn19(AsO3)12Cl2. Associated minerals in the type specimen from the Brattfors mine, Nordmark (Värmland, Sweden) include jacobsite, alleghanyite, phlogopite, calcite and dolomite. Brattforsite, forming subhedral, mostly equant crystals up to 0.5 mm across, is orange to reddish-brown with a white streak, and translucent with a resinous to vitreous lustre. The fracture is uneven to subconchoidal, and no cleavage is observed. It is very weakly pleochroic in yellow, optically biaxial (–) with 2V = 44(5)° and has calculated mean refractive index of 1.981. Measured and calculated density values are 4.49(1) and 4.54(1) g·cm− 3, respectively. Chemical analyses yields (in wt%): MgO 0.62, CaO 1.26, MnO 48.66, FeO 0.13, As2O3 46.72, Cl 2.61, H2Ocalc 0.07, O ≡ Cl –0.59, sum 99.49, corresponding to the empirical formula (Mn17.67Ca0.58Mg0.40Fe0.05)∑18.70As12.17O35.90Cl1.90(OH)0.20, based on 38 (O + Cl + OH) atoms per formula unit. The five strongest Bragg peaks in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern are [d (Å), I (%), (hkl)]: 2.843,100, ($$ \overline{4} $$

4
-

44); 2.828, 99, (444); 1.731, 32, (880); 2.448, 28, (800); 1.739, 25, (088). Brattforsite is monoclinic and pseudotetragonal, space group I2/a, with unit-cell parameters a = 19.5806(7), b = 19.5763(7), c = 19.7595(7) Å, β = 90.393(3)°, V = 7573.9(5) Å3 and Z = 8. The crystal structure was solved and refined to an R1 index of 3.4 % for 7445 reflections [Fo > 4σ(Fo)]. Brattforsite has the same overall structural topology as magnussonite (i.e., the species can be considered as homeotypic), but with 12 independent tetrahedrally coordinated As sites and 21 Mn sites with varying (4–8) coordination. The Mn-centered polyhedra, bonded through edge- and face-sharing, give rise to a three-dimensional framework. The (AsO3)3− groups are bonded to this framework through corner- and edge-sharing. Spectroscopic measurements (optical absorption, Raman, FTIR) carried out support the interpretation of the compositional and structural data.
Adult-onset sporadic chorea: real-world data from a single-centre retrospective study
Authors: Bovenzi Roberta , Conti Matteo , Cerroni Rocco , Pierantozzi Mariangela , Stefani Alessandro , Pisani Antonio , Mercuri Nicola Biagio , Schirinzi Tommaso
Published: May 2021

Background

Adult-onset sporadic chorea includes a wide and heterogeneous group of conditions whose differential diagnosis and treatments are often challenging and extensive.

Objectives

To analyse retrospectively cases of adult-onset sporadic chorea from a single Italian centre to provide insights for a practical approach in the management of these patients.

Methods

A total of 11,071 medical charts from a 9-year period (2012–2020) were reviewed, identifying 28 patients with adult-onset sporadic chorea (genetic forms excluded). All available data regarding phenomenology, diagnostic workup, aetiology, treatments, and long-term outcome from this cohort were collected and analysed.

Results

Adult-onset sporadic chorea occurred more frequently in females and presented with an acute-subacute onset. Cerebrovascular diseases accounted for 68% of aetiology; further causes were structural brain lesions, internal diseases, and other movement disorder syndromes. Clinical course was mild, with spontaneous resolution or minimal disturbances in 82% of cases. Neuroimaging was fundamental to diagnose 76% of adult-onset sporadic chorea, an appropriate clinical examination contributed to the 14% of diagnoses, whereas basic laboratory tests to the 10%.

Conclusions

Revision of real-world data of adult-onset sporadic chorea patients from a single Italian cohort suggests that an accurate clinical examination, neuroimaging, and routine laboratory tests are useful to identify those cases underlying potentially severe but treatable conditions. Although in the majority of cases adult-onset sporadic chorea has mild clinical course and good response to symptomatic treatments, it is essential to run a fast diagnostic workup.
4-step, 2-h carboplatin desensitization in Japanese patients with ovarian cancer: a prospective study
Authors: Nishimura Meiko , Sakai Hideki , Onoe Takuma , Boku Shogen , Yokoyama Takaaki , Kadokura Genmu , Morita Satoshi , Katsumata Noriyuki , Matsumoto Koji
Published: May 2021

Background

Carboplatin is a key drug for ovarian cancer. However, it sometimes induces hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) that result in the discontinuation of the treatment. Although various desensitization protocols have been reported in previous retrospective studies, a limited number of prospective studies have analyzed these protocols.

Methods

Patients with platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer who experienced carboplatin-induced HSRs were treated with diluted solutions of 1/1000, 1/100, 1/10 and an undiluted solution of carboplatin over a 1-h period. If no HSRs occurred within the first two cycles, a short protocol regimen over a 30-min period per solution was followed. The primary endpoint was treatment completion rate.

Results

Between May 2015 and September 2018, 21 patients were enrolled from two institutions. One patient experienced platinum-sensitive recurrence after the desensitization protocol; thus, 22 sessions were analyzed. Epinephrine use, treatment-related death, and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions did not occur. The median number of desensitization cycles was 6 (range 1–6). Two sessions were discontinued early because of grade 2 dysgeusia and grade 2 malaise. Treatment in two (9.1%) patients was discontinued because of HSR development. The treatment completion rate was 90.9%. Six (27.3%) sessions met the criteria for transition to the short protocol regimen. In 14 (63.6%) sessions, HSRs were observed during infusion of the undiluted solution. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 14.8 and 23.8 months, respectively.

Conclusion

This 4-step, 2-h carboplatin desensitization protocol is safe and feasible. Patients require careful monitoring with a rapid response to HSRs, especially during the administration of undiluted solutions.
Relative non-pluripolar product of currents
Authors: Vu Duc-Viet
Published: May 2021

Let X be a compact Kähler manifold. Let $$T_1, \ldots , T_m$$

T
1

,
…
,

T
m

be closed positive currents of bi-degree (1, 1) on X and T an arbitrary closed positive current on X. We introduce the non-pluripolar product relative to T of $$T_1, \ldots , T_m$$

T
1

,
…
,

T
m

. We recover the well-known non-pluripolar product of $$T_1, \ldots , T_m$$

T
1

,
…
,

T
m

when T is the current of integration along X. Our main results are a monotonicity property of relative non-pluripolar products, a necessary condition for currents to be of relative full mass intersection in terms of Lelong numbers, and the convexity of weighted classes of currents of relative full mass intersection. The former two results are new even when T is the current of integration along X.
Parental Attachment Style and Young Persons’ Adjustment to Bereavement
Authors: Sochos Antigonos , Aleem Sadia
Published: May 2021

Background

Previous clinical and theoretical work supports the idea that parental attachment style and complicated grief affect young persons’ mental health, but empirical research investigating their impact on young person’s adjustment to bereavement is lacking.

Objective

This study investigated the impact of parental attachment style and complicated grief on young person’s adjustment to bereavement. It was hypothesised that a) parental attachment anxiety, avoidance, and complicated grief would moderate the link between bereavement experience and psychological distress in young persons and b) parental attachment style would moderate the link between parental complicated grief and psychological distress experienced by bereaved young persons.

Method

This was a questionnaire-based case control study, involving two participant groups: 133 parents of young persons who had experienced the loss of the loved one and 101 parents of young persons with no bereavement experience.

Results

Bereaved young persons experienced greater externalising and internalising problems than the non-bereaved only when they were raised by an anxiously attached parent, but when parental attachment anxiety was low, bereaved children had fewer problems than the non-bereaved. When parental attachment avoidance was low, bereaved children also had fewer externalising problems than the non-bereaved. Among the bereaved, high levels of parental attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance amplified the link between parental complicated grief and child post-traumatic stress, while in the presence of low parental anxiety, complicated grief was negatively associated with an immediate distressing response and numbing-dissociative symptomatology.

Conclusions

Psychological vulnerability in bereaved young persons was associated with an insecure parental attachment style.
Analysing Time-Stamped Co-Editing Networks in Software Development Teams using git2net
Authors: Gote Christoph , Scholtes Ingo , Schweitzer Frank
Published: May 2021

Data from software repositories have become an important foundation for the empirical study of software engineering processes. A recurring theme in the repository mining literature is the inference of developer networks capturing e.g. collaboration, coordination, or communication from the commit history of projects. Many works in this area studied networks ofco-authorshipof software artefacts, neglecting detailed information on code changes and code ownership available in software repositories. To address this issue, we introduce , a scalable software that facilitates the extraction of fine-grainedco-editing networksin large repositories. It uses text mining techniques to analyse the detailed history of textual modificationswithinfiles. We apply our tool in two case studies using repositories of multiple Open Source as well as a proprietary software project. Specifically, we use data on more than 1.2 million commits and more than 25,000 developers to test a hypothesis on the relation between developer productivity and co-editing patterns in software teams. We argue that opens up an important new source of high-resolution data on human collaboration patterns that can be used to advance theory in empirical software engineering, computational social science, and organisational studies.
Dating with a Diagnosis: The Lived Experience of People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Tabassum Kinza , Fox Jackie , Fuller Sara , Hynes Sinéad M.
Published: May 2021

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurological condition which usually manifests between the ages of 20–40 years. This is a critical period for developing relationships, particularly romantic relationships. People with MS can experience sexual dysfunction, limb weakness, fatigue, pain, reduced mood and bladder/bowel dysfunction; potentially affecting their ability to participate in many meaningful activities, including those associated with romantic relationships, dating or engaging in sexual intercourse. Dating or starting romantic relationships can be difficult for people with physical disabilities as they can experience stigma, negative societal attitudes and the fear of requiring care from potential partners. Dating experiences of people with progressive conditions like MS have not been explored in detail. The aim of this study was to develop a rich understanding of how living with MS interacts with/influences dating and developing romantic relationships. The study used a descriptive phenomenological design and a purposive sampling strategy. Colaizzi’s descriptive phenomenological method was used to analyze the data (Colaizzi, 1978). Five females and two males, aged 23–51, participated in two online focus groups. Dating with a diagnosis of MS is a highly personal phenomenon, characterized by individual differences in values and experiences. Core to the phenomenon was personal decision-making about disclosure of the diagnosis and ongoing adaptation to the fluctuating nature of the condition with partners in new/developing relationships. The findings will help health professionals working with adults with MS understand this important aspect of their lives.
Hybrid institutional complexes in global governance
Authors: Abbott Kenneth W. , Faude Benjamin
Published: May 2021

Most issue areas in world politics today are governed neither by individual institutions nor by regime complexes composed of formal interstate institutions. Rather, they are governed by “hybrid institutional complexes” (HICs) comprising heterogeneous interstate, infra-state, public–private and private transnational institutions, formal and informal. We develop the concept of the HIC as a novel descriptive and analytical lens for the study of contemporary global governance. The core structural difference between HICs and regime complexes is the greater diversity of institutional forms within HICs. Because of that diversity, HICs operate differently than regime complexes in two significant ways: (1) HICs exhibit relatively greater functional differentiation among their component institutions, and hence suffer from relatively fewer overlapping claims to authority; and (2) HICs exhibit greater informal hierarchy among their component institutions, and hence benefit from greater ordering. Both are systemic features. HICs have characteristic governance benefits: they offer good “substantive fit” for multi-faceted governance problems and good “political fit” for the preferences of diverse constituents; constrain conflictive cross-institutional strategies; and are conducive to mechanisms of coordination, which enhance substantive coherence. Yet HICs also pose characteristic governance risks: individual institutions may take on aspects of problems for which they are ill-suited; multiple institutions may create confusion; HICs can amplify conflict and contestation rather than constraining them; and the “soft” institutions within HICs can reduce the focality of incumbent treaties and intergovernmental organizations and forestall the establishment of new ones. We outline a continuing research agenda for exploring the structures, operations and governance implications of HICs.
The effect of colonization dynamics in competition for space in metacommunities
Authors: Arroyo-Esquivel Jorge , Marculis Nathan G. , Hastings Alan
Published: May 2021

One of the main factors that determines habitat suitability for sessile and territorial organisms is the presence or absence of another competing individual in that habitat. This type of competition arises in populations occupying patches in a metacommunity. Previous studies have looked at this process using a continuous-time modeling framework, where colonizations and extinctions occur simultaneously. However, different colonization processes may be performed by different species, which may affect the metacommunity dynamics. We address this issue by developing a discrete-time framework that describes these kinds of metacommunity interactions, and we consider different colonization dynamics. To understand potential dynamics, we consider specific functional forms that characterize the colonization and extinction processes of metapopulations competing for space as their limiting factor. We then provide a mathematical analysis of the models generated by this framework, and we compare these results to what is seen in nature and in previous models.
Design of a hollow cathode thruster: concepts, parameter study and initial test results
Authors: Gondol Norman , Tajmar Martin
Published: May 2021

Two electric propulsion concepts have been developed at Technische Universität Dresden as spin-off devices of regular hollow cathodes and initial testing has been conducted. Both devices represent millinewton thrusters that take advantage of thermionic electron emission using the low work function materials C12A7, LaB6, and thoriated tungsten in different design configurations. The first concept represents an electrothermal thruster which generates thrust by expanding and accelerating a heated propellant in a nozzle. Initial thrust measurement tests were carried out which showed thrust levels well above cold gas thrust, but low thrust efficiencies. The influence of different geometric parameters on the discharge properties and the performance is investigated and presented. The second thruster concept is a novel electromagnetic device in which charge carriers in a plasma discharge are accelerated by an applied magnetic field that is orthogonally oriented to the discharge current. Initial tests with C12A7 were not successful, but the functionality of the concept was shown by thrust measurements using a thoriated tungsten wire as an electron emitter.
On two problems concerning Eberlein compacta
Authors: Marciszewski Witold
Published: May 2021

We discuss two problems concerning the class Eberlein compacta, i.e., weakly compact subspaces of Banach spaces. The first one deals with preservation of some classes of scattered Eberlein compacta under continuous images. The second one concerns the known problem of the existence of nonmetrizable compact spaces without nonmetrizable zero-dimensional closed subspaces. We show that the existence of such Eberlein compacta is consistent with . We also show that it is consistent with that each Eberlein compact space of weight$$> \omega _1$$>ω1contains a nonmetrizable closed zero-dimensional subspace.
A comparative life cycle assessment of stretchable and rigid electronics: a case study of cardiac monitoring devices
Authors: Kokare S. , Asif F. M. A. , Mårtensson G. , Shoaib-ul-Hasan S. , Rashid A. , Roci M. , Salehi N.
Published: May 2021

Stretchable electronics is a new innovation and becoming popular in various fields, especially in the healthcare sector. Since stretchable electronics use less printed circuit boards (PCBs), it is expected that the environmental performance of a stretchable electronics-based device is better than a rigid electronics-based device that provides the same functionalities. Yet, such a study is rarely available. Thus, the main purpose of this research is to perform a comparative life cycle analysis of stretchable and rigid electronics-based devices. This research combines both the case study approach and the research review approach. For the case study, a cardiac monitoring device with both stretchable and rigid electronics is used. The ISO 14044:2006 standard's prescribed LCA approach and ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (Hierarchist) are followed for the impact assessment using the SimaPro 9.1 software. The LCA results show that the stretchable cardiac monitoring device has better environmental performance in all eighteen impact categories. This research also shows that the manufacturing process of stretchable electronics has lower environmental impacts than those for rigid electronics. The main reasons for the improved environmental performance of stretchable electronics are lower consumption of raw material as well as decreased energy consumption during manufacturing. Based on the LCA results of a cardiac monitoring device, the study concludes that stretchable electronics and their manufacturing process have better environmental performance in comparison with the rigid electronics and their manufacturing process.
Building a doctor, one skill at a time: Rethinking clinical training through a new skills-based feedback modality
Authors: Kappy Brandon , Herrmann Lisa E. , Schumacher Daniel J. , Statile Angela M.
Published: May 2021

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education milestones and entrustable professional activities (EPAs) are important assessment approaches but may lack specificity for learners seeking improvement through daily feedback. As in other professions, clinicians grow best when they engage in deliberate practice of well-defined skills in familiar contexts. This growth is augmented by specific, actionable coaching from supervisors. This article proposes a new feedback modality called microskills, which are derived from the psychology, negotiation, and business literature, and are unique in their ability to elicit targeted feedback for trainee development. These microskills are grounded in both clinical and situational contexts, thereby mirroring learners’ cognitive schemas and allowing for more natural skill selection and adoption. When taken as a whole, microskills are granular actions that map to larger milestones, competencies, and EPAs. This article outlines the theoretical justification for this new skills-based feedback modality, the methodology behind the creation of clinical microskills, and provides a worked example of microskills for a pediatric resident on a hospital medicine rotation. Ultimately, microskills have the potential to complement milestones and EPAs and inform feedback that is specific, actionable, and relevant to medical learners.
The Impact of Educational Resources and Perceived Preparedness on Medical Education Performance
Authors: Bauzon Justin , Alver Amalie , Ravikumar Vishvaas , Devera Adrian , Mikhael Tatiana , Nauman Rafae , Simanton Edward
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Undergraduate medical education has evolved necessarily with the increasing utilization of technology and the availability of ancillary resources developed for medical students. However, medical educational resources are expensive and there have been few studies validating these resources for their ability to significantly modify student exam performance.

Methods

A post-exam survey was devised to evaluate medical students for resource usage, student-perceived preparedness, and exam performance.

Results

Students who felt more prepared for exams performed better than students who felt less prepared (p = .017). Students who watched didactic lectures online and those who utilized peer-to-peer tutoring outperformed students who did not use these resources (p = .035, p = .008). Analyses of the data show that none of the purchased resources utilized significantly improved student exam performance. The majority of students used between six and eight resources for exam preparation. There may be a slightly negative association with the quantity of resources used and exam scores (p = .18).

Discussion

Contrary to traditional confidence studies that correlate overconfidence with underperformance, medical students who reported feeling more prepared for exams performed better than students who felt less prepared.

Conclusion

Medical students may have a more complete grasp of their knowledge base and deficits, which may enable a more accurate match between exam expectations and academic performance. This post-exam survey method can be customized and applied to evaluate resource utility as it pertains to specific undergraduate medical education curricula at individual institutions.
Implications of the Estrogen Receptor Coactivators SRC1 and SRC2 in the Biological Basis of Gender Incongruence
Authors: Ramírez Karla del Valle , Fernández Rosa , Delgado-Zayas Enrique , Gómez-Gil Esther , Esteva Isabel , Guillamon Antonio , Pásaro Eduardo
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Brain sexual differentiation results from the effects of sex steroids on the developing brain. The presumptive route for brain masculinization is the direct induction of gene expression via activation of the estrogen receptors α and β and the androgen receptor through their binding to ligands and to coactivators, regulating the transcription of multiple genes in a cascade effect.

Aim

To analyze the implication of the estrogen receptor coactivators SRC-1, SRC-2, and SRC-3 in the genetic basis of gender incongruence.

Main Outcome Measures

Analysis of 157 polymorphisms located at the estrogen receptor coactivators SRC-1, SRC-2, and SRC-3, in 94 transgender versus 94 cisgender individuals.

Method

Using SNPStats software, the allele and genotype frequencies were analyzed by χ2, the strength of the association was measured by binary logistic regression, estimating the odds ratio for each genotype. Measurements of linkage disequilibrium and haplotype frequencies were also performed.

Results

We found significant differences at level P < .05 in 8 polymorphisms that correspond to 5.09% of the total. Three were located in SRC-1 and 5 in SRC-2. The odds ratio analysis showed significant differences at level P < .05 for multiple patterns of inheritance. The polymorphisms analyzed were in linkage disequilibrium. The SRC-1 haplotypes CGA and CGG (global haplotype association P < .009) and the SRC-2 haplotypes GGTAA and GGTAG (global haplotype association P < .005) were overrepresented in the transgender population.

Conclusion

The coactivators SRC-1 and SRC-2 could be considered as candidates for increasing the list of potential genes for gender incongruence.
The practical difference between known and unknown threats
Authors: Campfield Mike
Published: May 2021

The distinction between unknown and known threats might seem simple. But in practical terms there is a huge difference between the way we deal with them: for many, this is a huge problem.
How to prepare for the onslaught of phishing email attacks
Authors: Burke Stephen
Published: May 2021

Phishing email attacks are one of the biggest cyber security threats of our time, increasing exponentially year on year. Alarmingly we've seen attacks from phishing emails go up by nearly 700% compared to last year. 1 Cyber criminals are taking advantage of the huge potential for human error within any business, where one accidental click on a phishing email can allow access into entire corporate networks, a costly mistake to make.

Cyber criminals are taking advantage of the potential for human error, where one click on a phishing email can allow access into corporate networks.

Every business must have processes in place to cope with a potential phishing attack. Stephen Burke of Cyber Risk Aware looks at four key steps organisations can take to protect themselves. By ensuring that the correct infrastructure and technology is in place, combined with effective cyber security awareness training, businesses will be prepared to protect their networks.
Insider attacks: human-factors attacks and mitigation
Authors: Abulencia Jesse
Published: May 2021

For many organisations, the human element is generally the weakest link and often the reason why many security incidents occur. As an organisation grows, the chance of a human-caused security incident increases exponentially. Even given the most security-oriented individual, it only takes one slip-up, a minor mistake, or someone having a bad day to create a security incident.
Hugh de Lacy, First Earl of Ulster
Authors: Brown Daniel
Published: May 2021

This book charts the striking rise, fall and restoration of the first earl of Ulster, Hugh II de Lacy, described by one contemporary chronicler as 'the most powerful of the English in Ireland'. A younger son of the lord of Meath, de Lacy ascended from relatively humble beginnings to join the top stratum of Angevin society, being granted in 1205 the first earldom in Ireland by King John. Subsequently, in 1210, having been implicated in rebellion, Hugh was expelled from Ulster by a royal army and joined the Albigensian crusade against Cathar heretics in southern France. Unusually, after almosttwo decades in exile and a second revolt against the English crown, de Lacy was restored to the earldom of Ulster by King Henry III in 1227, retaining it to his death, c. 1242.  Situated in the north-east of Ireland, Ulster's remoteness from centres of colonial administration allowed Hugh de Lacy to operate beyond the normal mechanisms of royal control, forging his own connections with otherpowerful lords of the Irish Sea province. The fluidity of noble identity in frontier zones is also underlined by the career of someone who, according to his political needs, presented himself to different audiences as a courtly sophisticate, freebooting colonist, crusading warrior, or maurauding 'Irish' ruler.  The foundation for this study is provided by Hugh de Lacy's acta, providedas an appendix, and representing the first collection of comital charters in an Irish context. These cast fresh light on the wider themes of power and identity, the intersection of crown and nobility,and the risks and rewards for ambitious frontiersmen in the Angevin world.  Daniel Brown obtained his PhD from Queen's University Belfast, and completed his research on Hugh de Lacy as a postdoctoral fellow at Trinity College Dublin.
EU–China Comprehensive Agreement on Investment: An Appraisal of its Sustainable Development Section
Authors: COTULA Lorenzo
Published: May 2021

In the waning days of the indelible 2020, China and the European Union (EU) clinched an ‘in-principle’ deal on their Comprehensive Agreement on Investment (CAI).1 After seven years of negotiation, the treaty attracted widespread public scrutiny, partly due to the significant investment flows between China and the EU, although wider considerations are also at play. China’s 2001 accession to the World Trade Organization laid a major building block in the global order. Its economic rise and export growth have provided cheaper electronics, appliances and clothes for global consumers, but also prompted concerns about the environment and implications for jobs and working conditions in deindustrializing countries. This economic reconfiguration has created complex, often tense, relations between China and established powers such as the EU and the United States (US), to which multilateral arrangements have offered only partial responses.2
Implementation of core elements of antibiotic stewardship in nursing homes—National Healthcare Safety Network, 2016–2018
Authors: Gouin Katryna A. , Kabbani Sarah , Anttila Angela , Mak Josephine , Mungai Elisabeth , McCray Ti Tanissha , Bell Jeneita , Hicks Lauri A. , Stone Nimalie D.
Published: May 2021

Objective:

To assess the national uptake of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) core elements of antibiotic stewardship in nursing homes from 2016 to 2018 and the effect of infection prevention and control (IPC) hours on the implementation of the core elements.

Design:

Retrospective, repeated cross-sectional analysis.

Setting:

US nursing homes.

Methods:

We used the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) Long-Term Care Facility Component annual surveys from 2016 to 2018 to assess nursing home characteristics and percent implementation of the core elements. We used log-binomial regression models to estimate the association between weekly IPC hours and the implementation of all 7 core elements while controlling for confounding by facility characteristics.

Results:

We included 7,506 surveys from 2016 to 2018. In 2018, 71% of nursing homes reported implementation of all 7 core elements, a 28% increase from 2016. The greatest increases in implementation from 2016 to 2018 were in education (19%), reporting (18%), and drug expertise (15%). In 2018, 71% of nursing homes reported pharmacist involvement in improving antibiotic use, an increase of 27% since 2016. Nursing homes that reported at least 20 hours of IPC activity per week were 14% (95% confidence interval, 7%–20%) more likely to implement all 7 core elements when controlling for facility ownership and affiliation.

Conclusions:

Nursing homes reported substantial progress in antibiotic stewardship implementation from 2016 to 2018. Improvements in access to drug expertise, education, and reporting antibiotic use may reflect increased stewardship awareness and resource use among nursing home providers under new regulatory requirements. Nursing home stewardship programs may benefit from increased IPC staff hours.
The late Pliensbachian (Early Jurassic) ammonoidAmaltheusin Japan: systematics and biostratigraphic and paleobiogeographic significance
Authors: Nakada Kentaro , Goto Michiharu , Meister Christian , Matsuoka Atsushi
Published: May 2021

The genusAmaltheus, one of the representative late Pliensbachian ammonoids, has biostratigraphic and paleobiogeographic significance in Japan. Four species,Amaltheus stokesi(Sowerby, 1818),A. margaritatusde Montfort, 1808,A. repressusDagis, 1976, andA. orientalisnew species, have been found in the Kuruma Group in central Japan;A. stokesiandA. margaritatusare also from the Toyora Group in southwest Japan. On the basis of taxonomic analysis of the genusAmaltheus, we distinguish two successive ammonoid biozones in the lower part of the Teradani Formation of the Kuruma Group: theAmaltheus stokesi–Amaltheus repressusand theAmaltheus margaritatusassemblage zones, in stratigraphic ascending order. This study also establishes the presence of theAmaltheus stokesiAssemblage Zone in the Higashinagano Formation of the Toyora Group. Thestokesi–repressusand thestokesiassemblage zones correspond biostratigraphically to theAmaltheus stokesiStandard Subzone of themargaritatusZone. ThemargaritatusAssemblage Zone is correlated with theAmaltheus subnodosusandAmaltheus gibbosusstandard subzones. The Japanese early–middle late Pliensbachian ammonoid faunas are composed almost entirely of pan-Boreal and Arctic species of the genusAmaltheus. This faunal composition has an affinity with that of the Northeast Russian region, and thus suggests a strong paleobiogeographic relationship between East Asian and Northeast Russian faunas throughout this time interval.

UUID:http://zoobank.org/5F08121F-1DAF-4B24-BCBE-B08F7101CF29
The Tiwanaku Tradition within the Tambo Valley, Southern Coast of Peru: Interpretation of Burial Contexts from La Pampilla 1
Authors: Szykulski Józef , Wanot Jakub
Published: May 2021

The collapse of the Tiwanaku state around AD 1000 resulted in dramatic changes in the areas of its former colonies such as the Moquegua Valley, which featured the largest Tiwanaku communities outside the Altiplano. The inhabitants of these former colonies were forced to relocate to the areas north of Moquegua, including the Tambo River estuary (Arequipa Department, Province of Islay). This relocation has been confirmed at La Pampilla 1, where a large graveyard featuring funerary contexts of the postcollapse communities of Tiwanaku-Timulaca was found, with a calibrated14C date between the eleventh and thirteenth centuries AD. In this article we discuss the results of excavations and analyses conducted at the La Pampilla 1 graveyard, the first systematically researched Tiwanaku site in the Tambo Valley: these findings confirm the existence of a relatively large, terminal-phase Tiwanaku population, represented by Tumilaca funerary contexts.
Usnea dasopoga(Ach.) Nyl. andU. barbata(L.) F. H. Wigg. (Ascomycetes,Parmeliaceae) are two different species: a plea for reliable identifications in molecular studies
Authors: Clerc Philippe , Naciri Yamama
Published: May 2021

Using molecular data to delimit species or reconstruct their evolutionary history is now widely used across all organisms. However, such analyses can suffer from poor or false specimen identifications leading to incorrect conclusions. Here we show that the use of misidentified specimens in a phylogenetic framework resulted in questionable conclusions in a previously published study (Market al.2016). Using morphological, chemical and statistical analyses on the specimens used in that study, we found support forUsnea barbataandU. dasopogabeing morphologically and anatomically distinct species with separate clusters in the molecular phylogeny. Furthermore, our revision of specimen identifications refutes the synonymization ofU. substeriliswithU. lapponica.In conclusion, we discuss the issue of correct identification of voucher specimens in DNA databases and conclude with some general suggestions to avoid false specimen identifications in phylogenetic studies.
Socio-economic functioning in patients with bipolar disorder and their unaffected siblings – results from a nation-wide population-based longitudinal study
Authors: Sletved Kimie Stefanie Ormstrup , Ziersen Simon Christoffer , Andersen Per Kragh , Vinberg Maj , Kessing Lars Vedel
Published: May 2021

Background

Few studies have reported real-life data on socio-economic functioning in patients with bipolar disorder and their unaffected first-degree relatives.

Methods

We used Danish nation-wide population-based longitudinal register linkage to investigate socio-economic functioning in 19 955 patients with bipolar disorder, their 13 923 siblings and 20 sex, age and calendar-matched control individuals from the general population. Follow-up was from 1995 to 2017.

Results

Patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder had lower odds of having achieved the highest educational level [OR 0.75 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73–0.77)], being employed [OR 0.16 (95% CI 0.159–0.168)], having achieved the 80% highest quartile of income [OR 0.33 (95% CI 0.32–0.35)], cohabitating [OR 0.44 (95% CI 0.43–0.46)] and being married [OR 0.54 (95% CI 0.52–0.55)] at first contact to hospital psychiatry as inpatient or outpatient compared with control individuals from the general population. Similarly, siblings to patients with bipolar disorder had a lower functioning within all five socio-economic areas than control individuals. Furthermore, patients and partly siblings showed substantially decreased ability to enhance their socio-economic functioning during the 23 years follow-up compared to controls.

Conclusions

Socio-economic functioning is substantially decreased in patients with bipolar disorder and their siblings and does not improve during long-term follow-up after the initial hospital contact, highlighting a severe and overlooked treatment gap.
Orr and Kant: An analysis of the intellectual encounter behind ‘The Christian worldview’
Authors: Sanchez Michelle C.
Published: May 2021

Today, Christianity is often described as a ‘worldview’, especially among Reformed evangelicals in the USA. In this article I return to the 1890 lectures where Scottish theologian James Orr adapted the concept ofWeltanschauungfor Christian purposes. Although it was coined by Immanuel Kant in 1790, and primarily used in subsequent decades to theorise cultural difference and evaluate aesthetic expression, Orr nevertheless claims that the idea of a worldview is ‘as old as the dawn of reflection’ and thus appropriate to articulating Christianity. I examine Orr's engagement with the Kantian and emerging historicist context, paying particular attention to his epistemological and aesthetic citations and showing how Orr both adopts and departs from the characteristic features of the Kantian subject. I conclude by assessing the philosophical and theological costs of this project that, among other things, positions Christianity for perpetual culture war within secular societies similarly shaped by the post-Kantian subject.
‘Synergy’, ‘energy’ and ‘symbol’ in Pavel Florensky and Palamism
Authors: Biryukov Dmitry
Published: May 2021

This article is a study of Pavel Florensky's philosophy of symbol in the context of his discovery of Palamism in the 1910s, when Florensky started to speak of symbol using Palamite language. It proposes a fundamental difference between Florensky's and Palamas’ teachings on symbol: Palamas views a natural symbol as the energy of an essence, while for Florensky symbol is the essence itself, the energy of which synergises with the energies of other essence. In this context the prehistory of the concept of synergy in Florensky is studied, leading to the identification of a further difference in the ontologies of Florensky and Palamas: while Florensky's ‘essence-energy’ has the property of necessary correlation with the ‘other’, following the tendencies of the philosophy of that epoch, in Palamas ‘energy’ does not presuppose any necessary correlation with the ‘other’. The author connects this difference in ontologies between the two thinkers with their respective teachings on symbol.
Spastin interacts with CRMP5 to promote spindle organization in mouse oocytes by severing microtubules
Authors: Jin Zhen , Shou Hua-Feng , Liu Jin-Wei , Jiang Shan-Shan , Shen Yan , Cheng Wei-Ye , Gao Lei-Lei
Published: May 2021

Microtubule-severing protein (MTSP) is critical for the survival of both mitotic and postmitotic cells. However, the study of MTSP during meiosis of mammalian oocytes has not been reported. We found that spastin, a member of the MTSP family, was highly expressed in oocytes and aggregated in spindle microtubules. After knocking down spastin by specific siRNA, the spindle microtubule density of meiotic oocytes decreased significantly. When the oocytes were culturedin vitro, the oocytes lacking spastin showed an obvious maturation disorder. Considering the microtubule-severing activity of spastin, we speculate that spastin on spindles may increase the number of microtubule broken ends by severing the microtubules, therefore playing a nucleating role, promoting spindle assembly and ensuring normal meiosis. In addition, we found the colocalization and interaction of collapsin response mediator protein 5 (CRMP5) and spastin in oocytes. CRMP5 can provide structural support and promote microtubule aggregation, creating transportation routes, and can interact with spastin in the microtubule activity of nerve cells (30). Knocking down CRMP5 may lead to spindle abnormalities and developmental disorders in oocytes. Overexpression of spastin may reverse the abnormal phenotype caused by the deletion of CRMP5. In summary, our data support a model in which the interaction between spastin and CRMP5 promotes the assembly of spindle microtubules in oocytes by controlling microtubule dynamics, therefore ensuring normal meiosis.
Determinants of minimum acceptable diet feeding among children aged 6–23 months in Odisha, India
Authors: Acharya Arabinda , Pradhan Manas Ranjan , Das Anup Kumar
Published: May 2021

Objective:

To assess the level, pattern and determinants of minimum acceptable diet (MAD) feeding in Odisha, India.

Design:

Utilising cross-sectional data, the MAD was estimated through a dietary assessment method wherein the child’s mother was asked to recall all the food intake of the youngest child the previous day and night of the surveyed date.

Setting:

National Family Health Survey 2015–2016.

Participants:

Children aged 6–23 months, living with mother and for whom complete information on MAD was available (n 3073).

Results:

Only 8·4 % of the children aged 6–23 months were fed MAD, and the MAD feeding varies considerably by socio-demographic characteristics. Children aged 12–17 months had two times (OR: 2·51, 95 % CI (1·48, 4·26)) and those aged 18–23 months had three times (OR: 3·77, 95 % CI (2·25, 6·30)) higher odds of having a MAD than their counterparts aged 6–8 months. Children whose mother was exposed to any mass media had a higher chance of MAD feeding (OR: 1·46, 95 % CI (1·01, 2·11)).

Conclusions:

The children of higher age, second or higher-order births, with mother exposed to mass media are significantly more likely to be fed with a MAD. At the same time, children from scheduled caste (SC) households have a lower probability of MAD feeding. The lower MAD feeding among the SC households suggests strengthening the ongoing programmes with a higher emphasis on the inclusion of this disadvantaged and marginalised group. Findings from the current study would assist policymakers, and public health managers improve MAD feeding practices in Odisha, India, in a targeted manner.