bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measures of Effectiveness, Efficiency, and Quality of Telemedicine in the Management of Alcohol Abuse, Addiction, and Rehabilitation: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Kruse Clemens Scott , Lee Kimberly , Watson Jeress B , Lobo Lorraine G , Stoppelmoor Ashton G , Oyibo Sabrina E
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

More than 18 million Americans are currently suffering from alcohol use disorder (AUD): a compulsive behavior of alcohol use as a result of a chronic, relapsing brain disease. With alcohol-related injuries being one of the leading causes of preventable deaths, there is a dire need to find ways to assist those suffering from alcohol dependence. There still exists a gap in knowledge as to the potential of telemedicine in improving health outcomes for those patients suffering from AUD.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the measures of effectiveness, efficiency, and quality that result from the utilization of telemedicine in the management of alcohol abuse, addiction, and rehabilitation.

METHODS

This review was conducted utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The articles used in this analysis were gathered using keywords inclusive of both telemedicine and alcohol abuse, which were then searched in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane, and MEDLINE (PubMed) databases. A total of 22 articles were chosen for analysis.

RESULTS

The results indicated that telemedicine reduced alcohol consumption. Other common outcomes included reduced depression (4/35, 11%), increased patient satisfaction (3/35, 9%), increase in accessibility (3/35, 9%), increased quality of life (2/35, 6%), and decreased cost (1/35, 3%). Interventions included mobile health (11/22, 50%), electronic health (6/22, 27%), telephone (3/33, 14%), and 2-way video (2/22, 9%). Studies were conducted in 3 regions: the United States (13/22, 59%), the European Union (8/22, 36%), and Australia (1/22, 5%).

CONCLUSIONS

Telemedicine was found to be an effective tool in reducing alcohol consumption and increasing patients’ accessibility to health care services or health providers. The group of articles for analysis suggested that telemedicine may be effective in reducing health care costs and improving the patient’s quality of life. Although telemedicine shows promise as an effective way to manage alcohol-related disorders, it should be further investigated before implementation.
Antibacterial Activity Test of Bacteriocin from Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum Against Gram Positive Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Sari Novi Permata , Sari Rafika , Untari Eka Kartika
Published: January 2019

Bacteriocin is a secondary metabolite product of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which have an antimicrobial and potentially as a natural preservative. LAB isolates used in this study were Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of bacteriocin produced by each isolate of LAB including the influence of pH and heating variation against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Antibacterial activity test was done by using disc diffusion method. method. Confirmation test using proteolytic enzyme aimed to analyse that the inhibition zone produced from the activity of bacteriocin. The inhibition zone produced from L. brevis, L. casei and L. plantarum against B. cereus were 15.70, 16.43 and 14.50 mm, against B. subtilis were 13.37, 14.10 and 12.53 mm and against S. epidermidis were 11.37, 14.50 and 12.45 mm. The activity of each bacteriocin decreased with the addition of trypsin and catalase, bacteriocin was active in the pH range of 2-10 and heating temperature of 40-121oC. Statistical test showed that the addition of trypsin, catalase and the variation of pH also heating had significant differences (p<0.05) to antibacterial activity produced by bacteriocin from L. brevis, L. casei and L. plantarum.
LC-MS/MS STUDY OF THE TRACE LEVEL IMPURITIES OF IRBESARTAN AN ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST MOLECULE TO ITS ORIGIN THROUGH nMS2 TECHNIQUE
Authors: Saravanan S. , Ansari A. Taminum
Published: January 2019

Objective: The mass characterization of five trace level related impurities of Irbesartan was performed through the “nMS2” technique of triple quadrupole mass spectrometer and also to Correlated to the impurity origin.Methods: A simple & effective patented process was applied to get the impurity profile, and mass characterization was performed through the “nMS2” technique of triple quadrupole mass spectrometer analyser.Results: The simple production scan in differential collision energies is coined as “nMS2” technique of the triple quadrupole analyzer. The molecular ion fragmentation occurs with multiple collision energies and provides meaningful MSMS fragments for characterizing five trace level impurities less than 0.5% of angiotensin II receptor antagonist-Irbesartan. The origin of the impurity formation in the synthetic process was successfully related to the Spiro ketones.Conclusion: The results obtained in this research clearly indicates the approach of “nMS2” technique was very useful in the identification and structural prediction of trace level related impurities of Irbesrtan.
CHARACTERIZATION, IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF FUNGAL ENDOPHYTIC EXTRACTS OF ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA LEAVES IN CCL4 INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY
Authors: Puri Smita K. , Habbu Prasanna V. , Kulkarni Preeti V. , Kulkarni Venkatrao H.
Published: January 2019

Objective: To isolate and characterize the endophytic fungi from the leaves of Andrographis paniculata for free radical scavenging antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicityMethods: Two fungal endophytes, APLF-3 (Andrographis paniculata leaf fungi-3) and APLF-4 (Andrographis paniculata leaf fungi-4) were isolated from leaves of Andrographis paniculata to get chloroform (A3C, A4C), ethyl acetate (A3EA, A4EA) and n butanol (A3nB, A4nB) extracts. rDNA sequencing by PCR technique was carried out for identification of APLF-3 and APLF-4. All the APLF-3 and APLF-4 extracts were assayed for in vitro free radical scavenging activity against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical and reducing power. Then, A4EA and A4nB were screened for hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity at 50 mg/kg and100 mg/kg doses.Results: The endophytic fungi, APLF-3 and APLF-4, were identified as Phyllosticta sp. ZLY-2010 isolate M13 and Aspergillus tubingensis strain Cs/7/2 respectively based on their morphological and molecular characterization. A4EA and A4nB showed significant in vitro free radical scavenging activity as compared to other extracts. A4EA and A4nB (50 mg/kg and100 mg/kg) reversed the increased serum biochemical parameters as compared to CCl4 treated group (p<0.001). A4EA and A4nB (100 mg/kg p. o) also restored the LPO, SOD and CAT levels.Conclusion: These findings suggested that the extracts (A4EA and A4nB) obtained from endophytic fungi APLF-4 contributed towards hepatoprotective activity.
ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC SEED EXTRACT OF CANAVALIA ENSIFORMIS (L) IN HIGH FAT DIET-STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED RATS
Authors: Anitha K. , Yashoda Puthalapattu Ravikumar
Published: January 2019

Objective: It was investigated to enlighten the phytochemical screening and antihyperlipidemic activity of seeds of Canavalia ensiformis (L.) in High fat diet Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Methods: The ethanolic seed extract of Canavalia ensiformis (EECE) at a dose of 400 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg was administered to diabetic rats. Simvastatin (4 mg/kg) is used as a standard drug.Results: The statistics were assessed by using one way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s multiple comparison tests. To unfold the mechanism we studied all the biochemical parameters like Total cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and histopathological examination of Liver tissue section. The ethanolic extracts of seeds of Canavalia ensiformis showed significant reduce of the level of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL and a significant increase in the serum level of HDL at 400 mg/kg rather than 200 mg/kg.Conclusion: Further the characterization and isolation of the constituents could be done to know the exact mechanism of hyperlipidemic activity. Statistical analysis of this screening method conforms that the proposed method is appropriate and it can be useful, gives the basic idea to the researcher who is working in an area like Antihyperlipidemic activity.
EVALUATION OF FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ABILITY AND ANTIRADICAL ACTIVITIES OF XIMENIA CAFFRA FRUIT EXTRACTS AT DIFFERENT RIPENING STAGES
Authors: Mapunda Pensia E. , Mligo Cosmas , Lyaruu Herbert V. M.
Published: January 2019

Methods: Using standard procedures, Ximenia caffra fruit extracts were determined for ferrous ions chelating ability, nitric oxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability. Antiradical activities were assessed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in which the fruit extracts were evaluated for the number of antiradical units (AU515), the number of antiradical units per 1 mg of extracts (EAU515) and the total number of antiradical units per 1g of raw fruits (TAU515).Results: The fruit extracts exhibited significant higher ferrous ion chelating and free radical scavenging capacity compared to synthetic antioxidants (standard). Fruit extracts in early ripening stage (ERS) exhibited stronger ion chelation, nitric oxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability with low effective fruit extract concentration required to reduce free radicals by 50% (EC50) that were 14, 25 and 30µg/ml respectively than the late ripening stage (LRS) extracts. The fruit extracts also showed high AU515, EAU515 and TAU515. The values of AU515 ranged from 0.93 to 0.95, while EAU515 from 78.30 to 79.34 and TAU515 ranged from 19762.46 to 23821.23 of the extracts in LRS and ERS respectively.Conclusion: Based on these observations Ximenia caffra is potentially beneficial to human health due to its strong ability to scavenge free radicals. Its utilization can potentially reduce the risk of degenerative diseases to human beings.
SCREENING OF PHYTOCHEMICAL, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND ANTI-BACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF MARINE SEAWEEDS
Authors: T. Rajasekar , A. Mary Shamya , Joseph Jerrine
Published: January 2019

Objective: Phytochemical is naturally present in the seaweeds which biologically play a significant role. The intention of this study was designed to screen the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial potential of selected seaweed collected from Rameshwaram and Tuticorin Southern coast of India.Methods: The present study investigated the presence of phytochemical constituents and also total phenol, total carbohydrate and total protein quantity of the brown seaweed. Dictyopteris delicatula, Padina gymnospora, Acanthophora spicifera, Portieria hornemannii and Ulva faciata were extracted with solvents having different polarities like methanol, ethanol, chloroform and water and screened for the phytochemical constituents, total phenol, total carbohydrate, total protein and DPPH with standard procedure. The antibacterial activities of the seaweeds were examined by agar well diffusion method.Results: Among the five seaweeds, U. faciata showed the maximum number of active constituents in the methanol extract likewise P. gymnospora was found to have a number of diligent compounds in ethanol extract. A. spicifera showed minimum compounds in ethanol as well as chloroform extract. Moreover A. spicifera, P. hornemannii have shown the superior quantity of protein and carbohydrate when compared to other species. The scavenging activity of methanol extracts at 5 mg/ml concentration P. hornemannii shows 18.2% and A. spicifera possess 17.1%. In the antibacterial activity, methanol extracts of all the seaweed showed a potential inhibitory activity against B. cereus and P. aeruginosa compared to other pathogens.Conclusion: The crude extract of seaweed manifest preferable antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, hence in the future, it would be good if it is further taken for treatment of human diseases or as new antimicrobial agents to replace synthetic antimicrobial agents.
IN VITRO SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ISOLATED SHIGELLA FLEXNERI AND SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE TO THE ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF TRACHYSPERMUM AMMI AND PEGANUM HARMALA
Authors: Hamid Ibrahim Siddig , Eltayeb Ikram Mohamed
Published: January 2019

Objective: This study represents the first attempt to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Peganum harmala, and Trachyspermum ammi seeds extract against the isolated bacillary dysentery-causing microorganisms.Methods: T. ammi and P. harmala were extracted by 96% ethanol using Soxhlet apparatus. The extracts were screened for their phytochemical constituents. Their antimicrobial activity against the isolated dysentery-causing microorganisms was evaluated using the agar diffusion method.Results: The antimicrobial activity result showed that, the two isolated bacteria, Shigella flexneri, and Shigella dysenteriae were found to be sensitive to the extract of T. ammi seed with inhibition zones up to 25 mm, compared to the inhibition zone of 20 mm produced by Gentamycin standard drug, this is mainly due to the presence of the different phytochemical in the extract such as tannin, flavonoids, terpenoids which are well known for their antimicrobial effects. The two isolated bacteria were found to be insensitive (zero mm) to P. harmala extract, Amoxicillin, and Amoclan (Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid) standard drugs, this is due to the fact that, the phytochemicals constituents of P. harmala possess the antagonistic effect to each other’s. Addition to; these bacteria became resistant to both Amoxicillin and Amoclan.Conclusion: From the results it concludes, T. ammi seeds extract had a considerable level of antimicrobial activity against bacillary dysentery-causing microorganisms resistant to Amoxicillin and Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid drugs.
MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES AND SYNTHESIS OF 3, 4 - DISUBSTITUTED TRIAZOLES AS MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS ENOYL-ACP REDUCTASE AND CYP-51 INHIBITORS
Authors: Dasan Neethu , Babu G. , George Shiny
Published: January 2019

Objective: To design, synthesize and in vitro antitubercular, antifungal and antioxidant evaluation of some novel mercapto 1, 2, 4–triazole derivatives.Methods: New derivatives were designed by using various software like ACD Lab chemsketch, molinspiration and autodock. Designed molecules are obeying Lipinski’s rule of five and having highest binding score was selected for the synthesis. The synthesized compounds were subjected to TLC, melting point determination, FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral analysis. The newly synthesized compounds were investigated for in vitro antitubercular evaluation by MABA method, antifungal evaluation by cup plate method and antioxidant evaluation by DPPH scavenging assay.Results: A virtual screening was carried out through docking designed compounds into the InhA and CYP-51 binding site to predict if these compounds have an analogous binding mode of the enoyl ACP reductase (InhA) and CYP-51 inhibitors. Three derivatives (4a1, 4a2 and 4a3) were selected for the synthesis with the help of in silico modeling. The selected derivatives were synthesized by a conventional method. All the synthesized compounds showed a characteristic peak in FT IR, 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectroscopic studies. All the selected derivatives showed antitubercular, antifungal and antioxidant activity.Conclusion: The derivatives were synthesized adopting simple and laboratory friendly reaction conditions to give the target compounds in quantitative yields. Newer derivatives possess good antitubercular, antifungal and antioxidant activity.
THE ESTIMATION OF PHARMACOKINETIC PARAMETERS AND ACCURACY OF THE PREDICTED EQUATION FOR LITHIUM DOSE IN CHILDREN: A PILOT STUDY AT THE YUWAPRASART WAITHAYOPATHUM CHILD PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL
Authors: Tewthanom Karunrat , Ongarjsakulman Rinsook , Tankhum Theerarat
Published: January 2019

Objective: The purpose of the study was to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters and calculate the precision (%RMSE) of the predicted lithium concentration equation.Methods: This research was studied from blood Lithium levels of Children who had visited Yuwaprasart Waithayopathum Child Psychiatric Hospital from 31 December 2009-1 January 2011 The accuracy and precision of the equation were evaluated by the mathematical principle. The assist package software (WIN-NONLIN) was used to create pharmacokinetic parameters.Results: Twenty-nine patients were recruited. The characteristics (mean+SD) presented as the following; age = 15.79+2.64 y, weight = 69.75+22.28 kg and the daily dose = 858.62+274.53 mg. The trough Lithium concentrations (mean+SD) = 0.56+19 mg/l. The kinetic parameter (Mean+SD) presented as the following; t1/2 =7.23+3.38 hr., ke =0.12+0.07 hr-1, Vd = 48.83+15.60 L, AUC0-12 =11.01+5.61 mg x hr/l. The population pharmacokinetic parameters; ke, and AUC (0-∞) = 0.151 hr-1 and 169.81, mg x hr./l respectively. The modified equation from Yukawa for lithium clearance calculation and prediction lithium concentrations were CL (mL/min) = [36.5+(0.242x BW (kg)-7.79]/Scr (mg/dL) and lithium concentration (mg/l) = 4 x Dose (mg)/CL (mL/min)x73.89, respectively with 6.39 %RMSE (test for 20 patients data).Conclusion: In conclusion, the modified Yukawa equation may be used for the prediction of lithium concentration with 6.39% RMSE.
SEPARATION AND ANALYSIS OF AMLODIPINE/BENAZEPRIL COMBINATION IN CAPSULES BY A NOVEL ION PAIR LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Trefi Saleh , Bitar Yaser
Published: January 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop and validate a novel ion-pair liquid chromatography method, in order to separate and assay of amlodipine/benazepril combination in capsules. This method was a fast, practical and additional choice in quality control laboratories.Methods: The chromatographic conditions comprised of a classical C18-type stationary phase (250 × 4.6 mm, 5μ), with a mobile phase consisting of: 45% of 10-3 M of cetrimide and 55% acetonitrile. The flow rate was 1 ml/min; the detection wavelength was at 242 nm, under ambient temperature.Results: The method was validated for linearity with correlation coefficients very close to one, the accuracy with mean recovery values between 95.0-105.0%, precision with relative standard deviations of the calculated concentrations less than 5.0% and specificity in the presence of degradation products and excipients.Conclusion: The results presented in this paper showed that the developed method was fast and applicable, for the separation and determination of amlodipine/benazepril combination in capsules.
A COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH ON UNDERSTANDING STRUCTURAL INTERACTIONS OF ENVELOPE PROTEIN OF DENGUE VIRUS BOUND WITH SQUALENE, A PROTOTYPE ANTI-VIRAL COMPOUND
Authors: Chandrasekaran Rajkuberan , Sivaraman Thirunavukkarasu , Sivaramakrishnan Sivaperumal , Kumar Jayasree J. S.
Published: January 2019

Objective: The objective of the work was to validate the structural binding affinity of Squalene with the envelope protein of Dengue virus by means of molecular simulations.Methods: Three-dimensional (3D) structure of dengue 2 virus envelope protein was retrieved from Protein Data Bank PDB and Squalene compound from the ZINC database. Molecular docking between the E protein and Squalene were carried out by means of Auto Dock 4.2.Results: Based on the study, it was observed that the binding/docking energy for the complex structure was calculated to be-5.55 kcal/mol. Critical residues to interact with E protein were scrutinized by analyzing the interface of the complex within 4 Å proximity. Residues such as Thr 48, Glu49, Ala 50, Val 130, Leu 135, Ser 186, Pro 187, Thr 189, Gly 190, Leu 191, Phe 193, Leu 198, Leu 207, Thr 268, Phe 279, Thr 280, Gly 281, His 282 and Leu 283 were found to be non-covalently located around the squalene.Conclusion: Scopes to design de novo anti-viral compounds to the dengue viruses by using squalene as a new class of template structure have also been concisely brought into fore.
ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF UBIDECARENONE AND VITAMIN E ACETATE IN CAPSULE DOSAGE FORM BY HPLC
Authors: Grace A. Caroline , Prabha T. , Jagadeeswaran M. , Srinivasan K. , Sivakumar T.
Published: January 2019

Objective: To develop and validate a new simple, accurate, precise and sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) method for simultaneous estimation of ubidecarenone and vitamin E acetate in capsule dosage form as per international conference on harmonization (ICH) guidelines.

Methods: The chromatographic separation of drugs were achieved using hypersil C8 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5µ) in isocratic elution mode with a mobile phase of methanol: ethanol: n-hexane (80:10:10 v/v/v) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min with ultra-violet (UV) detection at 210 nm.

Results: The optimized method produced sharp peaks with good resolution, minimum tailing factor and satisfactory retention time were found to be 5.745 min and 12.565 min for vitamin E acetate and ubidecarenone respectively. The method was linear in the range of 60-180 µg/ml for ubidecarenone and 20-60 µg/ml for vitamin E acetate with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 and 0.9993 respectively. Mean recoveries observed for ubidecarenone and vitamin E acetate were 99.85% and 99.73% respectively. The percentage relative standard deviation (% RSD) of peak area for system precision, method precision, and intermediate precision were found to be less than 0.37%. The lower degree of % RSD obtained has proved that the method was precise and robust.

Conclusion: A new simple HPLC method was developed and validated as per ICH guidelines for the simultaneous estimation of ubidecarenone and vitamin E acetate and the method can be effectively applied for the routine analysis of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and formulations.
SUPPLEMENTATION OF CALCIUM AND SELENIUM AGAINST CADMIUM INDUCED BIOACCUMULATION IN SELECTED TISSUES OF FRESH WATER FISH, OREOCHROMIS MOSSAMBICUS
Authors: Jamakala Obaiah
Published: January 2019

Objective: Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most hazardous heavy metals in aquatic environments and could threaten aquatic organisms including fish. The present study was carried out to know the protective effects of calcium (Ca) and selenium (Se) in reducing the Cd bioaccumulation in selected tissues of fresh water fish, Oreochromis mossambicus.

Methods: The fresh water fish, Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia) was brought from the local ponds and were allowed for acclimatization to the laboratory conditions. After acclimatization, fish were exposed to sublethal concentration of Cd (1/10th of LC50/48h, i.e., 5 ppm) for 7, 15 and 30 d (d) period. 15d Cd-exposed fish were divided into three groups. The first group of fish were subjected to Ca (1 ppm) supplementation, second group received only Se (1 ppm) supplement and third group of fish were supplemented with the combination of both Ca and Se at the above said doses and observed for 7, 15 and 30d time periods. After specific time intervals, liver, kidney, gill and intestine tissues were isolated and used for Cd bioaccumulation studies.

Results: Cd concentration levels significantly (P<0.05) increased in the test tissues with increased period of exposure. Maximum Cd accumulation was found in 30d Cd-exposed fish kidney tissue (22.611±0.676 μg/gm wet wt. of the tissue). However, after supplementing with Ca and/or Se, there was a significant reversal in the levels of Cd concentration in all the test tissues. Maximum reduction was observed under Ca alone supplementation.

Conclusion: The present study clearly reveals that individual supplementation of Ca tends to detoxify the Cd body burden in the test tissues than the other modes of supplementation.
ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LUNG CANCER IN NON-SMOKERS: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: C. Muhas , Kumar P. R. Anand Vijaya , D. Raja
Published: January 2019

Lung cancer is the most frequent malignant tumour with the highest mortality rate around the world, leading to greater than a million deaths annually. The number of deaths due to lung cancer is expected to increase to ten million deaths per year in 2030. The major risk factor for the development of lung cancer is cigarette smoking but relatively high rates of lung cancer occur among non-smoking women and 10-25% of lung cancer observed in never smokers. The lung cancer deaths occur in never smokers have been estimated to be the 7th leading cause of cancer mortality. This article mainly discusses the important etiological factors of lung cancer in never smokers such as the environmental factors, occupational exposure, history of lung disease, family history and genetic factors, unbalanced diet and high consumption of saturated fat, radiation exposure, socioeconomic status, and infections. Gender, obesity and metabolic syndrome, race and ethnicity and interstitial lung diseases also have effects on the development of lung cancer in never smokers.
ATTITUDE TOWARDS GENERIC FORMULATIONS USAGE: NARROWING THE GAP BETWEEN PHARMACIST AND PHYSICIANS
Authors: D. Lavanya , K. Dhivya , P. Deekshitha , S. Pravallika , M. Kesini
Published: January 2019

Objective: The thought of providing the best quality of medicines at cheaper costs made the governments to think of generic drug substitutions in order to minimize the economic burden. This study was designed to investigate the attitude of physicians and pharmacists towards generic medicines and thus to reduce the gap between them.Methods: This is a simple, prospective, cross-sectional, comparative study conducted for a period of 3 mo. 100 Subjects (50 pharmacists and 50 physicians) were included in this study. Subjects who ever graduated with the pharmacy degree and working as pharmacists, as well as clinical practitioners, were included in this study. Data collected using a validated questionnaire.Results: 60% of physicians and 80% of pharmacists were confident enough in dispensing generic products. 56% of physicians agree that pharmacists play a vital role in providing assistance on the use of generic medicines. 70% of physicians and 90% of pharmacists agreed that the generic medicines are of less expensive.Conclusion: Our Study concludes that pharmacistâ€™s shows a higher positive response towards the usage of generic products than physicians. Generic drugs typically cost 30% to 60% less than their brand products. In addition, patients taking generic drugs seem to be more willing to continue therapy.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND MULTIPLE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES AVAILABLE WITH 1, 8-NAPHTHYRIDINE DERIVATIVES: A REVIEW
Authors: Gurjar Vinod Kumar , Pal Dilipkumar
Published: January 2019

Within the wide range of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, the derivatives of 1,8-naphthyridine (NPTR) have gained a rising interest due to their reported versatile biological activities. The derivatives of NPTR scaffold are found to invite special interest from researchers nowadays on the significance of their manifestations of multiple attractive pharmacological activities which establish them as an effective and versatile tool in pharmaceutical chemistry and drug discovery. The diverse biological activities mainly include anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, antihypertensive and analgesic activities. Novel NPTR scaffold has emerged its potency to treat neurological diseases like depression and Alzheimer's disease. Further these agents possess different inhibitory activities, such as anti-HIV, anti-osteoporotic, αvβ3 antagonism, antimalarial, platelet aggregation, anti-oxidant, anti-allergic, gastric antisecretory, anticonvulsant, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition, protein kinase inhibition, ionotropic properties, β3 antagonism, phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE 4) inhibitions, adenosine receptor agonistic activity, adrenoceptors antagonism and DNA stabilizing activity, etc. In this review, we highlight the updates of different 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives and explain the key data available in the context of various biological activities of NPTR derivatives available from the literature. This may direct opportunity in researches in the synthesis of novel medicinal agents and the development of new heterocycles for modification of existing biological actions as well as evaluation of other possible pharmacological activities.
High Prevalence of Multiple Drug Resistant and Biofilm Forming Staphylococcus aureus among HIV-Infected Patients with Suspected Pneumonia
Authors: Katiyar Ravish , Kaistha Shilpa , Srivastava Neena , Chowdhary Sandeep , Garg Atul , Dhole T.N.
Published: January 2019

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major causes of life threatening pneumonia, especially in immunocompromised population. In HIV positive patients, S. aureus associated pneumonia can be either health care associated or community acquired and responsible for high rate of mortality. In this study total 102 throat swab samples of HIVInfected Patients with suspected pneumonia were collected during 2014-2016, out of them 46 samples (45.1%) were found positive for S. aureus by biochemical tests. 38 (82.6%) isolates were found multiple drug resistant while 9 (19.6%) strains showed resistance to cefoxitin antibiotic, were considered as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Only one strain (2%) was found vancomycin intermediate (VISA), remaining 98% isolates were sensitive to vancomycin antibiotic. In PCR test, all cefoxitin resistant strains were found positive for the presence of MecA gene. Biofilm former S. aureus were screened by tissue culture plat (TCP) methods. In TCP assay, 21 (45.6%) isolates were confirmed as high biofilm formers (OD value > 0.250), 16 (34.8 %) were moderate biofilm formers (OD values- between 0.150 to 0.250), while 9 (19.6 %) were low biofilm formers (OD value < 0.150). A significant association was found among multiple drug resistance and high biofilm formation (p value < 0.05). High prevalence of biofilm forming MDR isolates in airways of pneumonia suspected HIV patientsis matter of great concern as poor antibiotic response may cause more severe diseases with increasing cost and duration of treatment. The MecA gene might be a cause of methicillin resistance among MRSA isolates.
ANÁLISIS INTERTEMPORAL DEL MALTRATO INFANTIL EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Gallardo María
Published: January 2019

El área de la pediatría social y salud pública se ocupa del niño y adolescente, sano y enfermo, en sus interrelaciones individuales y con la comunidad en el medio físico y humano en que se desarrolla. La presente investigación analiza el comportamiento del maltrato infantil en Colombia durante los años 2013 a 2018 con el fin de proponer modelos estadísticos que permitan explicarlo y realizar predicciones confiables de gran utilidad como fundamento a los planes de salud del estado. El trabajo se desarrolla a partir de las bases de datos del Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses, del Observatorio del Bienestar de la Niñez del Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar y del Sistema Integral de Información, para las variables: violencia intrafamiliar, violencia interpersonal y delitos sexuales, desagregando por cohortes de edades de 0 a 4, 5 a 9, 10 a 14 y 15 a 17 años. Se estima en cada caso el modelo ARIMA correspondiente.
Impactos ambientais pelo uso e ocupação do solo em sub bacias hidrográficas de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Damame Desiree Baldin , Longo Regina Marcia , De Oliveira Everton Dias
Published: January 2019

As alterações promovidas por ações antrópicas em ecossistemas localizados em habitats urbanos vêm gerando a destruição de áreas com grande importância ambiental, como o que ocorre em pequenas bacias hidrográficas que vem sofrendo como consequência constantes episódios de enchentes. Essa pesquisa analisa e discute as consequências do uso e ocupação sobre os atributos de solo estudados permitindo dessa maneira ampliar a discussão sobre as relações entre a expansão urbana e a diminuição das áreas de vegetação e das áreas permeáveis em sub bacias hidrográficas urbanas. Assim, escolheu-se como área de estudo, as sub bacias Rio das Pedras e a do Baixo Anhumas, localizadas em Campinas, São Paulo. Foram analisados, em 2014, 37 pontos ao longo das sub bacias, a fim de caracteriza-los do ponto de vista ambiental, realizando também, coleta de amostras de solo (deformadas e indeformadas) para análises laboratoriais e realização de testes de resistência mecânica a penetração. Em geral, as sub bacias analisadas vêm sofrendo ao longo dos anos processos de fragilização de seus ecossistemas. Esse cenário de impactos antrópicos do solo em ambas as bacias, permite inferir que a ocupação urbana foi a responsável direta pelas alterações e perturbações ambientais sofridas na área.
Aplicação de processo fotocatalítico mediado por dióxido de titânio para degradação de Sertralina
Authors: Maldi Caroline Piza , Moreira Ailton Jose , Freschi Gian Paulo Giovanni
Published: January 2019

Esta pesquisa avaliou o potencial de degradação do fármaco Sertralina por meio de processos de fotocatálise, com a combinação de energia ultravioleta (UV) e diferentes semicondutores. Ensaios fotocatalíticos foram realizados em 10 mL de soluções de Sertralina com concentrações 10 mgL-1, adicionados dos diferentes semicondutores (10 mg). As amostras foram submetidas a radiação (UV) em cinco tempos de degradação (0, 5, 10, 30, 60 e 120 minutos). A determinação da concentração da Sertralina foi por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detecção UV (CLAE-UV). Degradações de Sertralina de 51%, 74%, 75% e 83% foram determinadas após aplicação da fotólise, fotocatalise TiO2, TiO2-Mn e TiO2-B, respectivamente. Assim, a maior eficiência no processo de degradação, foi determinado para o semicondutor de TiO2 dopado com Boro. Deste modo, a aplicação do processo de fotocatálise pode ser de grande importância nos processos de tratamento de efluentes e, a inserção de agentes dopantes pode tornar os semicondutores mais ativos em processos de fotocatálise.
Uso de extratos naturais como inibidores de corrosão para o aço AISI 304
Authors: Da Silva Juliana Araujo , Sarpe Capo Graziella Sarpe Capo , Masaru de Souza Ribeiro Mauricio , Marques Pinto da Silva Mauricio
Published: January 2019

O trabalho baseia-se em estudar o efeito de compostos não tóxicos ao meio ambiente e provenientes de recursos naturais renováveis, utilizando-os como inibidores de corrosão ambientalmente seguros para o aço AISI 304 em meio de HCl 0,1 mol/L. A avaliação da proteção à corrosão foi feita com a imersão de placas de aço em alíquotas dos extratos aquosos e etanólicos de erva mate e chá verde. O potencial de corrosão foi determinado utilizando eletrodo de calomelano saturado como referência. Na ausência de inibidores em um tempo de 60 minutos, o ensaio controle, apresentou potencial de corrosão (Ecorr) igual a -158 mV/ECS. Já em presença de extrato aquoso de erva mate, o Ecorr foi de - 138 mV/ECS e -149 mV/ECS para o extrato aquoso de chá verde. Os extratos etanólicos de erva mate e chá verde apresentaram valores de potencial de corrosão de -58 mV/ECS e -143 mV/ECS, respectivamente. Apenas o extrato etanólico da erva mate apresentou resultado significativo na inibição do processo corrosivo no metal em estudo, apresentando médias de Ecorr antes e após tratamento inibidor estatisticamente diferentes pelo teste t pareado. Assim, o extrato etanólico de erva mate apresenta potencial uso como inibidor verde de corrosão.
Eficácia do canabidiol no tratamento de convulsões e doenças do sistema nervoso central: revisão sistemática
Authors: Santos Arnóbio Barros , Scherf Jackelyne Roberta , Mendes Rafael De Carvalho
Published: January 2019

As terapias empregadas no tratamento de doenças do sistema nervoso central são complexas e em sua maioria trazem inúmeros efeitos adversos, levando a indústria farmacêutica a pesquisar sobre novas substâncias e produzir medicamentos mais eficazes e menos agressivos ao paciente, com o objetivo de estudar a eficácia do canabidiol no tratamento de convulsões epiléticas e demais doenças do sistema nervoso central. O método adotado foi uma pesquisa exploratória qualitativa, realizada através de busca ativa nas bases de dados do PUBMED, LILACS, SCIELO e em sites oficiais como ANVISA, Liga Brasileira de Epilepsia (LBE) entre outros, abordando epilepsia, canabidiol e convulsões. Os resultados mostraram que, dos artigos selecionados, todos concordam que o canabidiol (CBD) possui ação anticonvulsivante na epilepsia. Porém, houve discordância quanto aos mecanismos de ação e segurança no uso. Destes, alguns explicam suas propriedades agonistas nos receptores 5-HT1A e apontam o CBD como elemento ativador do receptor vanilóide tipo 1. As propriedades terapêuticas do CBD precisam de mais pesquisas para: ampliar o conhecimento sobre essa substância, identificar sua janela terapêutica e conhecer melhor seu mecanismo de ação no tratamento de doenças neurológicas. Gerando maior segurança de administração do fármaco para pacientes e prescritores.
Produção de cerâmica vermelha utilizando argila proveniente da mineração de gipsita e resíduo de gesso
Authors: Cipriano Pamela Bento , Rezende Rafaela Tatianne Oliveira de , Ferraz Andréa De Vasconcelos
Published: January 2019

Os resíduos de gesso e de argila são gerados ao longo da cadeia produtiva do gesso. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar os efeitos da incorporação de resíduo de gesso da indústria de placas em argila residual obtida da extração da gipsita, para obtenção de produtos de cerâmica vermelha com melhores propriedades reduzindo os impactos ambientais. Foi avaliada a incorporação de 5% e 10% de resíduos de gesso na argila, considerando duas temperaturas de sinterização (800 e 1050 ºC), sendo determinada a retração linear, a absorção de água, a porosidade e a massa específica aparente, a perda ao fogo e a resistência à flexão. Avaliou-se a morfologia da superfície de fratura por microscopia. A resistência à flexão foi cerca de 4,24% e a absorção de água aproximadamente 11,45%. A formação de pequenos aglomerados e presença de poros foram evidenciadas pelas microscopias nas amostras contendo gesso independente do teor e das temperaturas de queima estudadas.  Melhores resultados foram obtidos com a adição de 5% de resíduo de gesso queimadas a 800 ºC apresentando propriedades semelhantes à argila pura. A utilização de materiais residuais permite a redução dos impactos ambientais e a possibilidade de novas formulações para produtos de cerâmica vermelha.
O télos da Ecologia Humana no Brasil e sua interface com as populações tradicionais
Authors: Silva Ioná Pereira da , Bomfim Luciano Sergio Ventin
Published: January 2019

Este artigo traz uma abordagem sobre o télos da Ecologia Humana no Brasil e sua interface com as Populações Tradicionais, tendo como objetivo relatar a relevância das pesquisas acadêmicas para a vida destes povos no país, trazendo como foco a Ecologia Humana Brasileira e as consideráveis contribuições desta ciência/paradigma e dos seus estudos para a vida dos diversos Povos e Comunidades Tradicionais (PCTs). A pesquisa foi desenvolvida a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica em periódicos científicos, livros, entre outras fontes científicas, buscando assim um apanhado teórico que desse suporte amplo e conciso ao tema de estudo. Doravante, o conteúdo encontrado trouxe como resultados um breve histórico da Ecologia Humana no mundo e seu desenvolvimento no Brasil contemporâneo. Tendo como base os pilares: interface: natureza-ser humano (cultura-meio ambiente); interdisciplinaridade e emancipação humana, demostrando a conexão existente entre a Ecologia Humana Brasileira e as Comunidades Tradicionais, concluindo que estes estudos tem tido significativas contribuições para a vida destes povos que vivem historicamente na invisibilidade e exclusão social podendo ser assim estas pesquisas importante instrumento para o fortalecimento das lutas destes povos, ajudando-os assim a sair da invisibilidade e exclusão social.
Universidades brasileiras e seus planos de coleta seletiva
Authors: Lima Joedla Rodrigues de , Firkow Olga Lúcia Castreghini Freitas
Published: January 2019

As universidades, além de serem formadoras de profissionais, são espaços educativos que mostram como agir de forma ambientalmente responsável. O Brasil dispõe da Lei Federal 12.305/2010 e o decreto presidencial 5.940/2006 que orienta às instituições federais como realizar a coleta seletiva, incluindo encaminhamento às cooperativas de catadores. O presente artigo apresenta um panorama das universidades brasileiras em relação ao gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos, demonstrando as experiências e as rotas desenvolvidas por estas instituições. Por meio de pesquisa documental, identificou-se que dentre 64 universidades púbicas brasileiras pesquisadas no ano de 2015, 31% têm uma coordenadoria ou departamento responsável pela gestão dos resíduos sólidos, 33% aderiram à agenda de sustentabilidade na gestão pública (A3P) e 71% realizam a coleta seletiva. Dentre os resíduos mais produzidos estão o papel e material orgânico resultante de podas e cortes da grama. Destaca-se a importância do envolvimento da administração central para êxito nas ações que envolvem a coleta seletiva. É necessário prosseguir incentivando a redução e a reciclagem, seguido do diagnóstico dos resíduos gerados, o tipo, a quantidade, a(s) fonte(s) geradoras, ponto de escoamento do material, a capacidade dos depósitos, periodicidade, pessoal envolvido, suporte de veículos para transportar o material recolhido.
O brinquedo como médium de comunicação e ludicidade das crianças
Authors: Lopes Maria da Conceição de Oliveira
Published: January 2019

O presente artigo apresenta o brinquedo como forma de comunicação e expressão da ludicidade das crianças. Objetiva-se  promover reflexão questionante sobre os modos de pensar este artefacto do mundo do artifício humano dirigido à ação de brincar, nomeadamente das crianças. Aludimos ao brinquedo, entendido pela criança, como a ação de brincar e ao brinquedo, concepção de adulto, resultante de um saber fazer material cuja natureza técnica se diferencia, desde a concepção ao processo de fabricação e finalização - o brinquedo artesanal  e o brinquedo industrial racionalizado. Por fim, indicamos que há conteúdos inscritos nos brinquedos industrializados e que ficam expostos à influência das crianças, quando os utilizam.  Como qualquer outro médium de comunicação o medium de comunicação-ludicidade que é o brinquedo industrial racionalizado têm a particularidade de influenciar e produzir efeitos nos modos como cada criança se pensa a si mesma, pensa o outro e o mundo onde convivem.
A Lightweight Block Cipher Algorithm for Secure SDN Environment
Authors: Jin Jungha , Oh Yewon , Kim Keecheon
Published: January 2019

Software Defined Network is a next-generation networking technology that transforms a closed network environment based on existing network vendors into a flexible, software-based, centralized management environment that can be simplified by abstracting and programming. Although these advantages can be applied to some security problems rather than existing networks, most of the security problems and vulnerabilities of existing networks are present and various attacks are taking place. In this paper, we propose a structure to enhance the security function of SDN by checking how to implement the network security function using SDN technology and lightening the existing block cipher algorithm for this security problem. Lightweight-AES algorithm, which is a lightweight block cipher algorithm based on the AES-256 algorithm, which can simultaneously satisfy the quality of high level of security. In the case of simply reducing the number of round operations of the AES algorithm, the difference diffusion effect of the KeySchedule function generating the round key is reduced, and the security of the encryption algorithm is degraded due to the related key attack using the related key difference characteristic. The Lightweight-AES algorithm proposed in this paper improves the rate of cancellation and decryption by reducing the number of round operations, and the round internal function is supplemented to increase the differential diffusion effect of the KeySchedule function. In order to evaluate the performance of the Lightweight-AES algorithm proposed in this paper, a comparison simulation is performed with the existing AES algorithm. As a result, we confirmed that the Lightweight-AES algorithm can provide SDN content security equal to the encryption / decryption rate and algorithm security strength of the AES-128 algorithm. Therefore, it is considered that the proposed Lightweight-AES algorithm can provide better security service in SDN environment quality and security than the existing AES-128 algorithm.
Estimation of Electrical Performance of a Polymer Insulator with Deposited Moss on the Surface under Impulse Voltage Condition in Foggy Weather
Authors: Abd Rahman Farah Asyikin , M Izadi , M.Z.A. Ab Kadir , J Jasni
Published: January 2019

This paper presents a study about electric field behaviour of 10kV polymer insulator with moss deposition under foggy condition. The aim of this simulation experiment was to determine if this field affect the initiation of pollution flashover. To study this effect, simulations were carried out using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). The simulation experiment includes the results of electric field distribution along the insulator and also the magnitude of electric field at three different locations in identifying the parts of the insulator’s surface that likely to initiate pollution flashover. The moss deposited polymer insulator displayed uniformed and considerably intense distribution of electric field with the clean insulator. The field result showed the likelihood in discharging a corona effect.  In short, the results indicated that electric field along the insulator surface would likely be influenced by moss deposition and foggy air.
Factors	Affecting	Low	Back	Pain	among	ICU	Nurses
Authors: Rochman Dadang , Mediani Henny Suzana , Nur’aeni Aan
Published: January 2019

Low back pain is a pain syndrome that is often felt in the lower back region accompanied by spreading to the legs. It is often associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders. This condition is often experienced by the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses, from mild to severe LBP, which may affect the productivity of work and physic of the nurses. Aim to analyze and explore the factors that affected the number of low back pain incidents in ICU nurses in hospitals in the Banten Province. This study used the correlational analytic method with a crosssectional approach. The study sample was 82 ICU nurses, obtained by total sampling. Data collection used the LKQ questionnaire (Low back pain Knowledge Questions) and observation sheets. Data analysis used the Chisquare and multiple logistic regression analysis with a prediction model.   Knowledge factor p (0.001), height p (0.021), night shift frequency p (0.003), and weight with a p-value (0.021) had a significant relationship with low back pain, whereas the ICU space environment factor p (0.668), work period p (0.462), and age p (0.079) did not have a significant relationship with low back pain. From related factors, knowledge had the most significant relationship with low back pain incident (OR = 38.62). This study has significantly proven that knowledge, height, weight, and frequency of night shifts affected the low back pain in ICU nurses. The nurse’s knowledge factor is the most influential factor of low back pain incident in ICU nurses. Increasing the ICU nurse’s knowledge about body biomechanics by following training  and developing  standard operating procedures. It is suggested to reduce the amount of excessive night shift burden ICU nurses, select and setting criteria for nurses working in the ICU.