bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The time dependent influence of curvature and topography of biomaterials in the behavior of corneal endothelial cells
Authors: Bosch Begoña M. , Delgado Luis M. , Rodríguez-González Raquel , Perez Roman A.
Published: September 2024

Among the different layers of the cornea, the corneal endothelium, which is composed of corneal endothelial cells (CEC), plays a key role in the maintenance of cornea transparency. Based on the donor shortages and the limitations associated with transplantation, in this work we have developed collagen hydrogels with different patterned structures on the surface to provide topographies in ranges similar to the natural environment that CEC sense. This aimed at stimulating cells to maintain a typical CEC phenotype and provide alternatives to corneal transplantation. In this sense, we have elaborated curved collagen hydrogels (concave and convex) with three different topographies (50, 200 and 300 µm grooves), with the help of 3D printed mold and replicating the mold with the collagen hydrogel, onto which CEC were cultured in order to analyze its behavior. Flat hydrogels were used as controls. Cell morphology, cell circularity and gene expression of ATP1A1 and ZO-1 genes were analyzed after 3 and 6 days. Results showed an effect of the curvature and the topography compared to flat collagen hydrogels, showing higher expression of ZO-1 and ATP1A1 in curved non-patterned hydrogels at day 3. The patterned hydrogels did not have such a significant effect on gene expression compared to flat hydrogels, showing stronger effect of the curvature compared to the topography. The effect was opposite at day 6, showing higher gene expression at days 6 on the patterned hydrogels, especially for the ZO-1 gene. The gene expression results were in accordance with the cell morphology observed at the different time points, showing circularities closer to hexagon like morphology at shorter time points. Overall, this platform can serve as a system to culture cell under proper environment to further be able to transplant a CEC monolayer or to allow transplantation of thin collagen layers with cultured CEC.
Exploring the use of deep learning models for accurate tracking of 3D zebrafish trajectories
Authors: Fan Yi-Ling , Hsu Ching-Han , Hsu Fang-Rong , Liao Lun-De
Published: September 2024

Zebrafish are ideal model organisms for various fields of biological research, including genetics, neural transmission patterns, disease and drug testing, and heart disease studies, because of their unique ability to regenerate cardiac muscle. Tracking zebrafish trajectories is essential for understanding their behavior, physiological states, and disease associations. While 2D tracking methods are limited, 3D tracking provides more accurate descriptions of their movements, leading to a comprehensive understanding of their behavior. In this study, we used deep learning models to track the 3D movements of zebrafish. Videos were captured by two custom-made cameras, and 21,360 images were labeled for the dataset. The YOLOv7 model was trained using hyperparameter tuning, with the top- and side-view camera models trained using the v7x.pt and v7.pt weights, respectively, over 300 iterations with 10,680 data points each. The models achieved impressive results, with an accuracy of 98.7% and a recall of 98.1% based on the test set. The collected data were also used to generate dynamic 3D trajectories. Based on a test set with 3,632 3D coordinates, the final model detected 173.11% more coordinates than the initial model. Compared to the ground truth, the maximum and minimum errors decreased by 97.39% and 86.36%, respectively, and the average error decreased by 90.5%.This study presents a feasible 3D tracking method for zebrafish trajectories. The results can be used for further analysis of movement-related behavioral data, contributing to experimental research utilizing zebrafish.
Co-complexes on modified graphite surface for steady green hydrogen production from water at neutral pH
Authors: Toledo-Carrillo Esteban A. , García-Rodríguez Mario , Morallón Emilia , Cazorla-Amorós Diego , Ye Fei , Kundi Varun , Kumar Priyank V. , Verho Oscar , Dutta Joydeep , Åkermark Bjorn , Das Biswanath
Published: September 2024

Green hydrogen production from water is one attractive route to non-fossil fuel and a potential source of clean energy. Hydrogen is not only a zero-carbon energy source but can also be utilized as an efficient storage of electrical energy generated through various other sources, such as wind and solar. Cost-effective and environmentally benign direct hydrogen production through neutral water (∼pH 7) reduction is particularly challenging due to the low concentration of protons. There is currently a major need for easy-to-prepare, robust, as well as active electrode materials. Herein we report three new molecular electrodes that were prepared by anchoring commercially available, and environmentally benign cobalt-containing electrocatalysts with three different ligand frameworks (porphyrin, phthalocyanine, and corrin) on a structurally modified graphite foil surface. Under the studied reaction conditions (over 7 h at 22°C), the electrode with Co-porphyrin is the most efficient for the water reduction with starting ∼740 mV onset potential (OP) (vs. RHE, current density 2.5 mA/cm2) and a Tafel slope (TS) of 103 mV/dec. It is followed by the molecular electrodes having Co-phthalocyanine [825 mV (OP), 138 mV/dec (TS)] and Vitamin-B12 (Co-corrin moiety) [830 mV (OP), 194 mv/dec (TS)]. A clear time-dependent improvement (>200 mV over 3 h) in the H2 production overpotential with the Co-porphyrin-containing cathode was observed. This is attributed to the activation due to water coordination to the Co-center. A long-term chronopotentiometric stability test shows a steady production of hydrogen from all three cathode surfaces throughout seven hours, confirmed using an H2 needle sensor. At a current density of 10 mA/cm2, the Co-porphyrin-containing electrode showed a TOF value of 0.45 s−1 at 870 mV vs. RHE, whereas the Co-phthalocyanine and Vitamin-B12-containing electrodes showed 0.37 and 0.4 s−1 at 1.22 V and 1.15 V (vs. RHE), respectively.
Causal relationship between gut microbiota and insulin-like growth factor 1: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zheng Xuejie , Qian Yuping , Wang Lili
Published: September 2024

Background

The causal relationship between gut microbiota and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the causal relationship between gut microbiota and IGF-1 in men and women.

Methods

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to gut microbiota were derived from pooled statistics from large genome-wide association studies (GWASs) published by the MiBioGen consortium. Pooled data for IGF-1 were obtained from a large published GWAS. We conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, primarily using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. Additionally, we performed sensitivity analyses to enhance the robustness of our results, focusing on assessing heterogeneity and pleiotropy.

Results

In forward MR analysis, 11 bacterial taxa were found to have a causal effect on IGF-1 in men; 14 bacterial taxa were found to have a causal effect on IGF-1 in women (IVW, all P < 0.05). After false discovery rate (FDR) correction, all bacterial traits failed to pass the FDR correction. In reverse MR analysis, IGF-1 had a causal effect on nine bacterial taxa in men and two bacterial taxa in women respectively (IVW, all P < 0.05). After FDR correction, the causal effect of IGF-1 on order Actinomycetales (PFDR= 0.049) remains in men. The robustness of the IVW results was further confirmed after heterogeneity and pleiotropy analysis.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates a bidirectional causal link between the gut microbiota and IGF-1, in both men and women.
Effects of just-in-time inquiry prompts and principle-based self-explanation guidance on learning and use of domain texts in simulation-based inquiry learning
Authors: Fukuda Mari , Nesbit John C. , Winne Philip H.
Published: September 2024

Although scientific inquiry with simulations may enhance learning, learners often face challenges creating high demand for self-regulation due to an abundance of information in simulations and supplementary instructional texts. In this research, participants engaged in simulation-based inquiry about principles of electric circuits supplemented by domain-specific expository text provided on-demand. They received just-in-time inquiry prompts for inquiry behaviors, guidance to self-explain electrical principles, both, or neither. We examined how these interventions influenced participants’ access of text information and achievement. Undergraduates (N = 80) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (1) inquiry prompts and principle-based self-explanation (SE) guidance, (2) inquiry prompts without principle-based SE guidance, (3) principle-based SE guidance without inquiry prompts, or (4) control. Just-in-time inquiry prompts facilitated learning rules. However, there was no main effect of principle-based self-explanation guidance nor an interaction involving both interventions. Effects of just-in-time inquiry prompts were moderated by prior knowledge. Although principle-based self-explanation guidance promoted re-examination of text-based domain information, reading time did not affect posttest scores. These findings have important implications for instructional design of computer-based adaptive guidance in simulation-based inquiry learning.
Exploring the influencing factors of non-insulin drug prescriptions in discharged patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Cheng Yikang , Li Haizhen , Liu Xin , Jin Xiaolong , Han Junming , Du Jing , Xu Chao
Published: September 2024

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the admission indicators and characteristics of individuals diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D) to ascertain potential impact on the choice of glucose control therapy after discharge.

Methods

A total of 398 eligible T1D patients were selected. We conducted multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine the independent influence of predictors on the selection of glucose control therapy after discharge. To explore the influencing factors of different subgroups, we additionally performed subgroup analyses based on gender and age.

Results

Our study revealed that body mass index (BMI) was noteworthy influence factor for prescription of insulin and non-insulin antidiabetic drug (NIAD prescription) in T1D patients of general population [OR = 1.109 (1.033-1.195), p = 0.006], male [OR = 1.166 (1.040−1.318), p = 0.011] and individuals below the age of 30 years [OR = 1.146 (1.020−1.301), p = 0.028]. Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was a protective factor for NIAD prescription in the general population [OR = 0.971 (0.949-0.992), p = 0.008] and women [OR = 0.955 (0.923−0.988), p = 0.008]. The other risk factor of NIAD prescription in men was dyslipidemia [OR = 4.824 (1.442−22.246), p = 0.020]. Pulse pressure [OR = 1.036 (1.007–1.068), p = 0.016] constituted an additional risk factor of NIAD prescription among individuals below the age of 30 years. The risk factors of NIAD prescription for people aged 30 to 50 years were length of stay [OR = 1.097 (1.014–1.196), p = 0.026] and initial blood glucose [OR = 1.078 (1.007–1.168), p = 0.047]. In the case of individuals aged above 50 years, physicians exhibited a higher tendency to prescribe supplementary non-insulin medications to men [OR = 9.385 (1.501–87.789), p = 0.029].

Conclusions

We identified notable factors that influence discharge prescriptions in patients with T1D. In order to enhance the treatment outcome for the patient, clinicians ought to have a special focus on these indicators or factors.
Modelling human diabetes ex vivo: a glance at maturity onset diabetes of the young
Authors: Ka Moustapha , Hawkins Eleanor , Pouponnot Celio , Duvillié Bertrand
Published: September 2024

Diabetes is a complex metabolic disease which most commonly has a polygenic origin; however, in rare cases, diabetes may be monogenic. This is indeed the case in both Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) and neonatal diabetes. These disease subtypes are believed to be simpler than Type 1 (T1D) and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), which allows for more precise modelling. During the three last decades, many studies have focused on rodent models. These investigations provided a wealth of knowledge on both pancreas development and beta cell function. In particular, they allowed the establishment of a hierarchy of the transcription factors and highlighted the role of microenvironmental factors in the control of progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. Transgenic mice also offered the possibility to decipher the mechanisms that define the functional identity of the pancreatic beta cells. Despite such interest in transgenic mice, recent data have also indicated that important differences exist between mice and human. To overcome these limitations, new human models are necessary. In the present review, we describe these ex vivo models, which are created using stem cells and organoids, and represent an important step toward islet cell therapy and drug discovery.
Cost-benefit analysis of working with recovery in river management using Marxan
Authors: Agnew Danelle , Fryirs Kirstie , Leishman Michelle R.
Published: September 2024

With the impact and cost of continued river degradation and climate change-induced extreme rainfall and floods, there is growing urgency to achieve and maintain good river health to meet global sustainable development goals. Up-scaling and working with nature-based solutions at regional, catchment and fluvial corridor scales is critical. One way to achieve this is to work within a recovery-enhanced approach to river rehabilitation, incorporating processes of geomorphic and vegetative recovery to build fluvial corridors in areas where they have become fragmented. Geomorphologically-informed cost-benefit analysis has not previously been applied in a riverine or riparian context, at the catchment or regional scale needed. We applied Marxan in a novel manner to undertake the first cost-benefit analysis for geomorphologically-informed rehabilitation of river systems. We estimated that to rehabilitate 75,500 km of streams in coastal catchments of NSW will cost $8.2 billion, comparing favourably to recent single flood event insurance losses, and projected future losses. We developed Marxan scenarios based on three broad approaches to river management: ad hoc and reactive, working with recovery and corridors, across current and future time periods. We found there are considerable current and flow-on future financial and non-financial benefits, and lower initial total and per-hectare rehabilitation costs, by fully adopting working with recovery or corridors approaches and moving away from the ad hoc and reactive approaches which dominate current practice. Implementing targeted rehabilitation based on a rolling sequence over time of corridors scenarios provides optimal holistic solutions to improve geomorphic condition and enhance recovery potential at landscape-scale. Our study demonstrates the use of Marxan as an accessible tool to address prioritisation complexity, and to run and cost landscape-scale rehabilitation scenarios over time. Our study also demonstrates the positive offsite feedbacks that occur through multiplier effects, as recovery occurs, and corridors are built. Geomorphologically-informed decision making becomes more robust, transparent, cost-effective, consistent across catchments, and adaptive to local situations and evolving river management priorities.
Regional water resources carrying capacity in China based on analytic hierarchy process and system dynamics model: a case study of Golmud City
Authors: Sun Yongshuai , Wang Yiling , Zhang Wei , Ye Shuigen
Published: September 2024

Water resource carrying capacity is a critical measure of the ability of water resources within a region to support social, ecological, and economic scales. This study establishes an evaluation index system for the water resource carrying capacity of Golmud City and calculates the weights of the indices using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Based on an analysis of the current status of Golmud’s socio-economic development, agriculture, and water resource utilization, a simulation model based on system dynamics is constructed. By setting 162 different scenario plans and normalizing the simulation results, the development trend of Golmud City’s water resource carrying capacity is studied, and an evaluation is made for the sustainable development of water resources in Golmud City. Using data from 2001 to 2018 as the basic data, a carrying capacity analysis of water resources for the future from 2019 to 2030 is conducted. The study reveals that continuing the current development pattern will lead to unsustainable water resource carrying capacity. Among the scenarios aimed at coordinated development in all aspects, the best water resource carrying index is achieved, reaching 0.698 by 2030. By analyzing the development trend of the water resource carrying capacity index, existing problems in the utilization of water resources in Golmud City are identified, and feasible strategies for the sustainable use of water resources in Golmud City are proposed.
Quantifying uncertainty of molecular mismatch introduced by mislabeled ancestry using haplotype-based HLA genotype imputation
Authors: Matern Benedict M. , Spierings Eric , Bandstra Selle , Madbouly Abeer , Schaub Stefan , Weimer Eric T. , Niemann Matthias
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Modern histocompatibility algorithms depend on the comparison and analysis of high-resolution HLA protein sequences and structures, especially when considering epitope-based algorithms, which aim to model the interactions involved in antibody or T cell binding. HLA genotype imputation can be performed in the cases where only low/intermediate-resolution HLA genotype is available or if specific loci are missing, and by providing an individuals’ race/ethnicity/ancestry information, imputation results can be more accurate. This study assesses the effect of imputing high-resolution genotypes on molecular mismatch scores under a variety of ancestry assumptions.

Methods

We compared molecular matching scores from “ground-truth” high-resolution genotypes against scores from genotypes which are imputed from low-resolution genotypes. Analysis was focused on a simulated patient-donor dataset and confirmed using two real-world datasets, and deviations were aggregated based on various ancestry assumptions.

Results

We observed that using multiple imputation generally results in lower error in molecular matching scores compared to single imputation, and that using the correct ancestry assumptions can reduce error introduced during imputation.

Discussion

We conclude that for epitope analysis, imputation is a valuable and low-risk strategy, as long as care is taken regarding epitope analysis context, ancestry assumptions, and (multiple) imputation strategy.
Combining high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy with repeated toilet bronchoscopies for respiratory failure due to excessive infected airway secretions: a case report and series from a non-intensive hospital ward
Authors: Fimognari Filippo Luca , Baffa Bellucci Francesco , Fedele Flavio , Scarlata Simone , Armentaro Giuseppe , Sciacqua Angela
Published: September 2024

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FBO) has diagnostic or therapeutic purposes but can cause respiratory deterioration, particularly in patients with pre-existing acute respiratory failure (ARF). Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) are used as respiratory support for ARF as well as to prevent significant oxygen deterioration during FBO. The combined use of NIV and early therapeutic FBO to clear retained abundant infected secretions from the airways may be an alternative to intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), but no data exist on the combined use of FBO and HFNC. A 78-year-old male patient with ARF secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation and pneumonia was admitted to our non-intensive geriatric ward. After an initial improvement, his respiratory conditions worsened. While continuing HFNC, he underwent a series of eight FBOs over 9 days, each performed in response to significant decreases in peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2). The goal was to remove copious and occlusive infected secretions from the airways, with each procedure resulting in good SpO2 recovery. After etiological targeted antibiotic therapy based on bronchial aspirate, the patient improved and was discharged. Next, six consecutive similar ARF patients were treated using the same strategy of combining HFNC with repeated toilet FBO performed within the ward to clear secretions. All patients showed improvement and were discharged. The combination of HFNC and repeated toilet FBO could be a safe and effective intervention in non-intensive wards to prevent intubation and IMV in frail and elderly patients with ARF secondary to copious and occlusive infected secretions in the airways.
Nanogene editing drug delivery systems in the treatment of liver fibrosis
Authors: Wang Qun , Jia Siyu , Wang Zihan , Chen Hui , Jiang Xinyi , Li Yan , Ji Peng
Published: September 2024

Liver fibrosis is a group of diseases that seriously affect the health of the world’s population. Despite significant progress in understanding the mechanisms of liver fibrogenesis, the technologies and drugs used to treat liver fibrosis have limited efficacy. As a revolutionary genetic tool, gene editing technology brings new hope for treating liver fibrosis. Combining nano-delivery systems with gene editing tools to achieve precise delivery and efficient expression of gene editing tools that can be used to treat liver fibrosis has become a rapidly developing field. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the principles and methods of gene editing technology and commonly used gene editing targets for liver fibrosis. We also discuss recent advances in common gene editing delivery vehicles and nano-delivery formulations in liver fibrosis research. Although gene editing technology has potential advantages in liver fibrosis, it still faces some challenges regarding delivery efficiency, specificity, and safety. Future studies need to address these issues further to explore the potential and application of liver fibrosis technologies in treating liver fibrosis.
Clinicopathological features and surgical treatments of intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct: a case report and literature review
Authors: Fu Chang , Jin Hengwei , Wang Yongxin , Xu Hongji
Published: September 2024

Intraductal papillary neoplasm of bile duct (IPNB), as a precancerous lesion of cholangiocarcinoma, is a rare biliary tract tumor. A 66-year-old female patient was found to have a bile duct mass by routine examination. The liver function tests and tumor markers were normal. Imaging findings revealed a 2.6 cm mass in the common hepatic duct, accompanied by dilatation of both intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. The patient underwent open extrahepatic bile duct resection, cholecystectomy and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. We also conducted a literature review to summarize the clinicopathological features and surgical treatments of IPNB.
Platycodin D and voluntary running synergistically ameliorate memory deficits in 5 × FAD mice via mediating neuromodulation and neuroinflammation
Authors: Liu Junxin , Jiang Jiahui , He Chuantong , Zhou Longjian , Zhang Yi , Zhao Shuai , Yang Zhiyou
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, and currently, no effective treatments are available to reverse or halt its progression in clinical practice. Although a plethora of studies have highlighted the benefits of physical exercise in combating AD, elder individuals often have limited exercise capacity. Therefore, mild physical exercise and nutritional interventions represent potential strategies for preventing and mitigating neurodegenerative diseases. Our research, along with other studies, have demonstrated that platycodin D (PD) or its metabolite, platycodigenin, derived from the medicinal plant Platycodon grandiflorus, exerts neuroprotective effects against amyloid β (Aβ)-induced neuroinflammation. However, the combined effects of PD and physical exercise on alleviating AD have yet to be explored. The current study aimed to investigate whether combined therapy could synergistically ameliorate memory deficits and AD pathology in 5 × FAD mice.

Methods

Five-month-old 5 × FAD mice were randomly assigned to four groups, and received either PD (5 mg/kg/day, p.o.), voluntary running, or a combination of both for 47 days. Nest building test, locomotion test, and Morris water maze test were used to evaluate the cognitive function. Immunohistochemical and ELISA analysis was performed to determine Aβ build-up, microglia and astrocytes hyperactivation, and survival neurons in the hippocampus and perirhinal cortex. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis was used to assess the polarization of microglia and astrocytes. HPLC analysis was performed to measure monoamine neurotransmitters in the hippocampus.

Results and discussion

The combination of PD and voluntary running synergistically restored nest-building behavior, alleviated recognition and spatial memory deficits, and showed superior effects compared to monotherapy. In addition, the PD and voluntary running combination reduced Aβ build-up, decreased hyperactivation of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampus and perirhinal cortex, promoted the polarization of inflammatory M1 microglia and reactive astrocytes toward beneficial phenotypes, and lowered systemic circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines while increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines in 5 × FAD mice. Furthermore, combined therapy effectively protected neurons and increased levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) in the hippocampus of 5 × FAD mice. In conclusion, the combination of PD and voluntary running holds great potential as a treatment for AD, offering promise for delaying onset or progression of AD.
Neural effects of acupuncture on stroke patients with motor dysfunction: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis
Authors: Li Dongxia , Wang Dongyan , Zhou Yihao , Zhang Yuan , Yang Siyu , Dong Xu , Cai Shaojie , Zhang Ruiting
Published: September 2024

Background

Functional magnetic resonance imaging has been used in many studies to explore the neural mechanism of acupuncture in patients with post-stroke motor dysfunction. Inconsistent results have been found in these studies, however. This activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis was designed to quantitatively integrate changes in brain activity and the neurological effects of acupuncture on patients with motor dysfunction after stroke.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, China Science and Technology Journal Database, the China Biology Medicine, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform for literature from the establishment of the database until March 21, 2024. Research papers were selected, data extracted, and quality assessment was done independently by two researchers. The GingerALE software was used for meta-analysis, and Jackknife sensitivity analysis was employed to assess result robustness.

Results

We ended up analyzing 14 studies that included 235 patients and 100 healthy people. ALE meta-analysis showed that Compared with healthy people, the enhanced brain region in poststroke patients with motor dysfunction was located in the left posterior lobe of the cerebellum, the left inferior frontal gyrus, and the left precuneus (p < 0.001). After acupuncture, the activated regions were mainly located in the left posterior lobe of the cerebellum, the right lentiform nucleus putamen, the right medial frontal gyrus, the right inferior frontal gyrus, the left precuneus, the right middle temporal gyrus, the left claustrum, the left cerebellar tonsil, the right superior marginal gyrus, the inactivated area is located in the right medial frontal gyrus the left precentral gyrus and the right precuneus (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Acupuncture can reestablish motor function by causing extensive changes in the brain function of patients with stroke, which may be the neurological effect of acupuncture therapy on stroke patients.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42024526263.
Effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on lipid profile in adults: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Sadeghi Behrad , Bahari Hossein , Jozi Hannane , Hasanzadeh Mohammad-Ali , Hashemi Dorna , Bideshki Mohammad Vesal
Published: September 2024

Background and aim

The regulation of lipid metabolism is crucial for preventing cardiovascular diseases, which are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) has garnered attention for its potential role in modulating lipid profiles. However, the magnitude of these effects are unclear due to the heterogeneity of the studies. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that have examined the effects of HMB on lipid profiles in adults.

Methods

Databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, were searched for relevant studies through January 2024. The study protocol was also registered at Prospero (no. CRD42024528549). Based on a random-effects model, we calculated WMDs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The outcomes assessed included total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Sensitivity, subgroup and meta-regression analyses were also conducted.

Results

Our analysis included a total of 10 RCTs comprising 421 participants. The pooled data revealed no significant effect of HMB supplementation on TC (WMD: −2.26 mg/dL; 95%CI: −6.11 to 1.58; p = 0.25), TG (WMD: −2.83 mg/dL 95% CI: −12.93 to 7.27; p = 0.58), LDL-C (WMD: 0.13 mg/dL; 95%CI: −3.02 to 3.28; mg; p = 0.94), and HDL-C (WMD: −0.78 mg/dL; 95%CI: −2.04 to 0.48; p = 0.22). The quality of evidence was rated as moderate to low for all outcomes.

Conclusion

The current evidence from RCTs suggests that HMB supplementation does not significantly alter lipid profiles, including TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C. Further research is warranted to confirm these results and explore the potential mechanisms of action of HMB.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=528549, CRD42024528549.
The role of magnesium in pancreatic beta-cell function and homeostasis
Authors: Akimbekov Nuraly S. , Coban Seval Ozkan , Atfi Azeddine , Razzaque Mohammed S.
Published: September 2024

Magnesium plays an essential role in glucose utilization and insulin signaling. Recent advances have revealed a greater prevalence of hypomagnesemia in general, and low intracellular magnesium levels in individuals with diabetes contribute to β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. This article describes the documented effects of magnesium on various aspects of β-cells and glucose homeostasis. Studies have demonstrated that magnesium deficiency is associated with reduced pancreatic β-cell activity and increased insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes. Additionally, magnesium is involved in many cellular events, including energy homeostasis, protein synthesis, and DNA stability. Furthermore, magnesium is critical for proper glucose utilization and insulin signaling, and magnesium deficiency can lead to the dysregulation of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in pancreatic β-cells, impairing insulin secretion. Therefore, maintaining adequate magnesium levels is crucial for maintaining overall health and preventing of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes.
Cocoa bean metabolomics reveals polyphenols as potential markers relating to fine dark chocolate color shades
Authors: de Sousa Dias Aécio Luís , Meudec Emmanuelle , Verbaere Arnaud , Lair Sophie , Boulet Jean-Claude , Sommerer Nicolas
Published: September 2024

Introduction

This study aimed to evaluate the color and the discriminating compounds for two types of cocoa beans (black and brown beans) related to 70% dark chocolates of black and brown colors from a previous work of our group.

Methods

Color analysis and untargeted high-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomic analysis were performed on eight beans of each type. Mass spectral data processing, univariate and multivariate statistical methods were conducted for classification of beans and selection of discriminant features.

Results and discussion

The results showed that the color difference already observed for black and brown chocolates preexists in the beans. Black and brown beans had 45 and 50 discriminant features, respectively, of which 16 and 41 were phenolic compounds. Most of them were also previously identified as discriminating compounds for black and brown chocolates. Black beans predominantly contained glycosylated flavanols, ranging from monomers to trimers, with dimers and trimers being A-type procyanidins, along with a phenolic acid (protocatechuic acid), and an O-glycosylated flavonol (quercetin-3-O-glucoside). In contrast, brown beans mostly contained non-glycosylated B-type procyanidins ranging from dimers to decamers, but also dimers and trimers of A-type procyanidins, and a glycosylated and sulfated flavanol ((epi) catechin hexoside-sulfate). These markers may be useful for quality control purposes and may contribute to the selection of beans that yield black or brown dark chocolates.
Changes in unhealthy food consumption among vulnerable elementary-aged children in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic: a serial cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Parthasarathy Nivedhitha , Ranjit Nalini , Chuang Ru-Jye , Markham Christine , Pomeroy Mike , Noyola Jacqueline , Ernest Deepali K. , Sharma Shreela V.
Published: September 2024

Objective

Several studies suggest that during the early pandemic, amidst socioeconomic instability, children from underserved families were more likely to resort to consuming cheaper, lower-quality foods with longer shelf lives. This study investigated the change in unhealthy food consumption across different phases (pre, early, mid) of the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether the strength of association between unhealthy food consumption and household socioeconomic disadvantage (HSED) varied across phases of the pandemic.

Methods

This study utilized serial cross-sectional data collected from low-income families enrolled in a school-based food co-op, Brighter Bites. Secondary data analysis included 5,384 surveys from families who had complete data: 3422 pre-pandemic, 944 from the early pandemic, and 1,018 mid-pandemic. Outcome measures included sugary food intake and convenience/fast food intake, each of which was operationalized as a scale using pre-validated items from the surveys. HSED was operationalized as a composite of parent employment, parent education, food insecurity, and participation in government programs; responses were categorized into low, medium, and high HSED groups for analysis. We examined the interaction between HSED and time period to explore how HSED and its association with dietary measures changed over the course of the pandemic.

Results

A significant linear negative trend, i.e., a decrease in consumption from pre-to-mid-pandemic period was seen in sugary food intake (p < 0.001), but not in convenience food intake. In data pooled across time-periods, both sugary food and convenience/fast food consumption were inversely associated with HSED, and low unhealthy food consumption was observed among high-disadvantage groups. No significant interaction between time period and HSED was observed on either scale. However, the post-regression estimates from the adjusted interaction model showed a significant association between convenience/fast food consumption and HSED in pre- and mid-pandemic periods.

Conclusion

The study highlights the nuances of socioeconomic dynamics on the diet behaviors of children from low-income families during a natural disaster.
Understanding the importance of therapeutic alliance during physiotherapy treatment for musculoskeletal pain in children: a scoping review
Authors: Joslin Rhiannon , Allen Eve , Carter Bernie
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Musculoskeletal pain affecting children is common. Rehabilitation and treatment effectiveness can be influenced by multiple individual and contextual factors. The need for more rigorous evaluation of physiotherapy treatment for children's pain, identification of the role of specific techniques, and exploration of the influence of the therapeutic alliance is needed. This scoping review of research aimed to examine: (1) What are the perceptions of children, parents, and physiotherapists about the importance of therapeutic alliance during musculoskeletal pain treatment? (2) What are the key characteristics of therapeutic alliance during a child's musculoskeletal pain treatment from the perspectives of children, parents, and physiotherapists? and (3) What are the perceived impacts of therapeutic alliance (positive and negative) during a child's physiotherapy treatment for musculoskeletal pain?

Methods

The scoping review, based on Arksey and O'Malley's framework and reporting was guided by PRISMA-ScR. The search strategy was based on three concept blocks: (1) Study population: Children (<18 years); (2) Medical condition: Any musculoskeletal pain (acute, chronic primary, chronic secondary); (3) Intervention: Qualitative exploration of experience of physiotherapy treatment delivered by a physiotherapist from the perspective of a child, parent, or physiotherapist. The search (no date limit) was conducted in February 2024 across Medline, AMED and CINAHL.

Results

Following duplicate removal and assessment of eligibility of the initial 236 articles, nine articles were included; of these, only one specifically aimed to explore therapeutic alliance and it was the only paper to directly mention therapeutic alliance. All nine articles presented the child's experience. One overarching theme “Finding resilience within me through therapeutic alliance” and three main themes: “A trusted guide through the ups and the downs of rehabilitation”; “Having a route map”; and “Take me seriously but make it fun” were identified.

Discussion

Therapeutic alliance was considered important by children, parents and physiotherapist and it influenced child and parent perceptions of physiotherapy and overall treatment outcomes. Physiotherapists can foster the children's resilience when experiencing musculoskeletal pain by providing disciplinary expertise, connecting and collaborating with the child by becoming their trusted guide, and co-creating a route map for rehabilitation by helping them to learn about their body, pain and recovery timeline.
Systematic review of Janus kinases inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis: methodology, reporting, and quality of evidence evaluation
Authors: Shen Xiaolan , Liu Xiaoman , Guo Xiang , Hou Xiaoqiang , Huang Huiliang , Feng Zhitao
Published: September 2024

Objective

To evaluate the methodological, reporting and evidence quality of systematic reviews or meta-analyses of Janus kinases (JAK) inhibitors for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

Our study systematically retrieved reviews from various databases, spanning from inception to June 2024. Two evaluators independently assessed the methodological, reporting, and evidence quality of each review using the AMSTAR-2 and PRIAMA2020 tools. The evidence quality was evaluated according to GRADE criteria. Six aspects were evaluated: publication year, study type, homogeneity, risk of publication bias, AMSTAR-2 methodology, and PRIAMA2020 reporting quality. Excel 2016 facilitated conversion of scores into radar plots.

Results

Following stringent selection criteria, a total of 18 relevant studies were identified. The AMSTAR-2 scores ranged from 4 to 13 points, with five studies rated as low quality and the remaining 13 as critically low quality. All studies encompassed populations, interventions, controls, and outcome measures, demonstrating commendable integrity. However, there is room for improvement in study protocol development and registration, comprehensive search strategies, inclusion and exclusion criteria, conflict of interest disclosure, and discussion of heterogeneity. PRIAMA2020 assessments ranged from 14.5 to 21 points, with two studies scoring below 15 points due to increased bias risk from data transformation and sensitivity analysis. Notably, all reviews (100%) adhered to PRIAMA2020 guidelines for certain items but none met all criteria. GRADE evaluation included 446 outcome measures, with 158 of moderate, 156 of low, and 132 of very low quality, indicating JAK inhibitors is effective in improving RA. According to radar chart, the average rank score was 13.13. One study achieved a balanced score across all dimensions, while 11 exceeded the average, five showed significant differences in PRIAMA2020 scores, and four in AMSTAR two scores.

Conclusion

Despite summarizing the efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors in treating RA, the included studies exhibited poor methodological and reporting quality, along with low-quality evidence overall. Therefore, caution is warranted among decision-makers regarding the use of JAK inhibitors in RA treatment. Urgent requirements include high-quality, multicenter studies investigating JAK inhibitors for RA.

Systematic Review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier 413415.
Effect of copper on nitrogen uptake, transportation, assimilation processes, and related gene expression in Chinese cabbage [Brassica campestris L. ssp. Chinensis (L.)] under various nitrate-to-ammonium ratios
Authors: Wen Xin , Xu Peiran , Tang Yafang , Zhong Hang , Chen Pan , Zhu Zhenhao , Zhang Xinya , Zhang Xiaohui , Du Aoran
Published: September 2024

Improving vegetable yield and optimizing its quality through nutrient management have long been central to plant nutrition and horticultural science. Copper (Cu) is recognized as an essential trace element that promotes plant growth and development. However, the mechanisms by which Cu influences nitrogen (N) metabolism remain largely unknown, with limited studies exploring the interaction between Cu and varying nitrate-to-ammonium (nitrate/ammonium) ratios. In this study, Chinese cabbage was exposed to two Cu concentrations (0 and 0.02 mg L-1) in combination with three nitrate/ammonium ratios (10/90, 50/50, and 90/10) under hydroponic conditions. The results showed that Cu application increased plant biomass, nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) enzyme activities, the expression of NR (NIA) and GS2 (Gln2) genes, and N content in both shoots and roots. Additionally, Cu treatment decreased nitrate and free amino acid contents, as well as the expression of nitrate transporters NRT1.1 and NRT2.1 in roots while increasing these four parameters in shoots. Additionally, these effects were significantly modulated by the nitrate/ammonium ratios. In conclusion, Cu may facilitate nitrate transportation, enhance nitrate reduction, promote ammonium assimilation, and influence the transformation of organic N compounds, highlighting its potential role in improving N metabolism in Chinese cabbage.
Pharmacophylogenetic insights into Scutellaria strigillosa Hemsl.: chloroplast genome and untargeted metabolomics, quantitative analysis and antibacterial analysis
Authors: Shen Jie , Li Panpan , Chu Hairong , Li Yong , Meng Xiangying , Li Zhenpeng , Dou Jiayao , Wang Wentao , Liu Chenyang , Xiao Peigen , He Chunnian , Yi Zhengjun
Published: September 2024

Scutellaria strigillosa Hemsl., known for its traditional use in Chinese herbal medicine, is valued for heat-clearing and detoxifying, promoting diuresis, reducing swelling, alleviating pain, and preventing miscarriage. Despite its historical use, comprehensive studies on pharmacophylogenetic analysis, including genetic and chemical profiles and the antimicrobial activity of S. strigillosa are still lacking. Understanding these aspects is crucial for fully realizing its therapeutic potential and ensuring sustainable use. This study aims to elucidate these aspects through comparative genomics, metabolomics, and antimicrobial assays with Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Scutellaria barbata D. Don. The chloroplast genome of S. strigillosa was assembled, measuring 152,533 bp, and revealing a high degree of conservation, especially in the protein-coding regions, and identified four regions trnK(UUU)-rps16, trnN(GUU)-trnR(ACG), accD-psaI, psbE-petL) of variability that could serve as phylogenetic markers. The phylogenetic analysis revealed a closer genetic relationship of S. strigillosa with S. tuberifera and S. scordifolia than traditionally classified, suggesting a need for taxonomic reevaluation within the genus. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis in negative ion mode was used to explore the chemical diversity among these species, revealing distinct variations in their chemical compositions. S. strigillosa shared a closer chemical profile with S. barbata, aligning with phylogenetic findings. Metabolomic identification through Progenesis QI software resulted in the tentative identification of 112 metabolites, including a substantial number of flavonoids, diterpenoids, iridoid glycosides, phenylethanoid glycosides, and others. HPLC analysis further detailed the concentrations of 12 actives across the species, highlighting the variation in compound content. S. strigillosa shows antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, similar to S. baicalensis root extracts. This research enhances the understanding of the phylogenetic and phytochemical profiles and the antibacterial activity of S. strigillosa, offering new insights into its medicinal properties. The findings suggest a need for taxonomic reevaluation within the genus and underscore the potential antibacterial activity of S. strigillosa for therapeutic applications. Further studies are encouraged to explore its full medicinal potential and contribute to the sustainable development of Scutellaria species.
Relevance and quality of the Gipuzkoan extracurricular youth sports program: an evaluation from a positive youth development perspective
Authors: Zubizarreta Ekain , Ortuondo Jon , Usabiaga Oidui , Martinez-Merino Nagore
Published: September 2024

Physical activity and sport (PAS) programmes are an important part of organized extracurricular activities for children and young people. They appear as potentially inclusive environments where students could be provided with holistic development based on active and healthy lifestyles. The aim of this study was to evaluate and describe the Gipuzkoa School Sport Programme (GSSP) from the positive youth development (PYD). The research was carried out based on CPAR (Critical Participatory Action-Research) methodology: a “CPAR group” was created -including researchers and policymakers- to carry out the evaluation of the GSSP in which we analyzed (a) the social environment or PYD climate and (b) life skills. The evaluation and description of the GSSP confirmed that it meets most requirements for providing positive development contexts and opportunities for PYD. The choice of prioritizing multisport and deliberate play and putting early specialization aside seem key conditions to ensure PYD-promoting environments. This work could serve as a referent for decision-makers in organizations dedicated to designing, developing, implementing, and evaluating PYD-focused extracurricular youth sport programmes.