bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF ELECTROLYTE ON THE ZIRCONIUM ELECTROLYSIS PROCESS FOR NUCLEAR POWER ENGINEERING
Authors: Mukhachev A.P. , Nefedov V.G. , Kharytonova О.А.
Published: May 2021

The work presents the results of a study of the cathode and anode processes of zirconium electrolysis from molten electrolytes K2ZrF6–KCl–KF–KI and ZrF4–KCl–KF. It is shown that the introduction of iodine compounds into the electrolyte prevents the discharge of potassium chloride, reduces the release of chlorine on the anode, the consumption of electricity, reagents and increases the current efficiency and process productivity. The replacement of K2ZrF6 obtained by fractional crystallization on ZrF4 salt with a hafnium content of less than 0.01% obtained after the extraction process reduces the consumption of Zr salt, eliminates the accumulation of KF in the electrolyte, reduces the consumption of hydrofluoric acid and potassium carbonate, and increases the concentration of zirconium in the electrolyte, increases current efficiency and improves powder quality to ASTM hafnium requirements.
CFD MODEL AS A DIGITAL TWIN OF THE RADIATION STATE OF THE NEW SAFE CONFINEMENT OF THE CHERNOBYL NPP
Authors: Krukovskyi P.G. , Diadiushko Ye.V. , Garin V.O. , Tryfonov O.V. , Kabanov Yu.Yu.
Published: May 2021

The necessity of a detailed analysis and prediction of the operating parameters and distribution of radioactive aerosols (RA) in the Shelter Object (SO), the New Safe Confinement (NSC) and the environment of the Chernobyl NPP over the 100-year life of the NSC during the extraction of radioactive waste (RW) from the SO is being justified. For this, a computer CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic) model has been developed that allows the analysis, prediction and control of the thermogasdynamic, humidity and radiation states of the NSC. The issues of ensuring the adequacy of the model to the various NSC states during long-term operation on the basis of modern technologies of the so-called selflearning “Digital Twin” (Digital Twin) and CFD monitoring of especially important and dangerous objects, especially nuclear, are being considered.
Instrumentos para avaliação das entesites
Authors: Bonfiglioli Rubens
Published: May 2021

A inflamação das ênteses, região de ancoragem dos tendões, cápsula articular e ligamentos aos ossos, têm sido alvo de muitos estudos, em especial nas espondiloartrites. Sua avaliação do ponto de vista de atividade clínica dessas enfermidades tem originado vários instrumentos na tentativa de orientar o reumatologista no diagnóstico e acompanhamento dos pacientes, além de servir como método de observação em estudos clínicos de vários medicamentos. Alguns desses instrumentos são de fácil utilização, outros um pouco mais complexos e de utilidade mais em pesquisas. Abordaremos os mais importantes nessas práticas.

Unitermos: Ênteses. Entesites. Espondiloartrites. Espondilite anquilosante (EA). Artrite psoriásica (AP).
Diagnóstico diferencial das entesopatias. Parte 1 – Entesopatias mecânicas
Authors: Assis Marcos Renato de , Oliveira Rodrigo de
Published: May 2021

O acometimento das ênteses é uma achado clínico comum nas espondiloartrites. No entanto, a maior parte das entesopatias se relaciona com causas mecânicas sem relação com doenças inflamatórias. Destacam-se as causas traumático-degenerativas, doenças microcristalinas e endócrino-metabólicas.

Unitermos: Entesopatias. Entesites mecânicas. DISH. CPPD. Espondiloartrite.
Analytical Study about the Effects of Social Media on Social Interactions of Students of Age Limits 14 – 21 Years
Authors: Jamil Mubashrah , Jamil Shaziah , Urooj Allay Hayder
Published: May 2021

Basic purpose of this research was to explore the emerging effects of social media on students’ social interactions. For this purpose a sample of 380 students was selected on the basis of purposive sampling technique during the academic year 2019. Through a self-developed questionnaire, researchers collected data from different elementary to higher secondary schools’ students and also the undergraduate students of semester first from the universities that were present on the day of data collection in their classes. It was found that WhatsApp, YouTube, FaceBook, Google+, and Instagram were the most popular websites or apps amongst the sampled students and they spent more than 4 hours in a day on different social media activities. Getting entertainment through these apps or websites was the basic purpose of using it. Social media has strong impacts on the social interactions of both male and female students because they feel their lives are incomplete without using it and they don’t like those who criticize on them while using it but students of early ages i.e., 14 – 17 years were least affected by it.
Should you fix again? An unusual fracture of a distal epiphyseal radius fracture – A Case Report.
Authors: Sabit Numan Kuyubasi  , Bunyamin Ari  , Sermet Inal  , Alaaddin Oktar Uzumcugil  , Suleyman Kaan Oner
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Currently Salter-Harris (SH) classification is generally used in physeal fractures. It is reliable and valed in many cases. In general concept, although this clasification system describes many different fracture configurations, there is an unclassifed group.
Case: Here we present an eleven years old boy who underwent surgery after an unclassifed fracture of distal radial epiphysis according to SH. The main reason for the research was that we could not decide about the treatment initially after the first operation. We discussed the current classsifications near SH and essentials on the neccesity of surgical approach.
Conclusion: Surgical attempt must be done in such cases which can not be decided whether if a SH type 2 or 3. Beside this situation, an attempt must be done for the classification of the fracture (Ogden tip 2b, Sferoupulos tip 3). 
Continuous...
Power Flow Control in Transmission Line by Using UPFC
Authors: Srivastava Manish , Singh Prakhar , Verma Sandeep , Singh Prince
Published: May 2021

The power transfer capacity of electrical transmission lines is typically constrained by the capacity of large signals. Economic considerations such as the high cost of long lines and the income from the supply of additional power make it possible to pursue both economically and technically viable ways to increase the stability cap intensively. On the other hand, the production of efficient ways to use the full thermal capacity of transmission systems. The power industry has already begun to be affected by fast development in the field of power electronics. This is one direct consequence of the idea of aspects of FACTS, which has become possible due to the progress realized in power electronic devices. In theory, the FACTS devices can provide rapid control of real and Var power through transmission line. The UPFC is a FACTS family member with very appealing characteristics. Many parameters can be independently controlled by this unit. An alternative means of minimizing transmission system oscillations is given by this unit. The choice of input signals and the adopted control strategy for this system in order to dampen power oscillations in an efficient and robust manner are an important issue. In order to achieve the maximum desire effect in solving the first swing stability problem, the UPFC parameters can be regulated. In bulky power transmission systems with long transmission lines, this problem arises. A MATLAB Simulink Model with UPFC to test the efficiency of the electrical transmission system is considered in this paper. The main purpose of this analysis paper is to research different studies performed in the past to minimize UPFC transmission line losses.
Adoption from Care
Authors: Skivenes Marit
Published: May 2021

EPDF and EPUB available Open Access under CC-BY-NC-ND. This book explores how children’s rights are practised and weighed against parents’ rights in a range of countries, and examines how governments and legal and welfare professionals balance those rights in the challenging circumstances following the decision that children cannot grow up in their parents’ care. Looking at adoption from care in Europe and the United States, it provides in-depth analysis of concepts of family, contact, the child’s best interest principle and human rights in adoption from care across these different socio-political and legal contexts. Taking an international comparative approach to these issues, this book provides best practice evidence on adoption processes and shares learning across country boundaries to help improve outcomes for all adopted children.
City Regions and Devolution in the UK
Authors: Beel David , Jones Martin , Rees Jones Ian
Published: May 2021

EPDF and EPUB available Open Access under CC-BY-NC licence. Rich in case study insights, this book provides an overview of city-region building and considers how governance restructuring shapes political, economic, social and cultural landscapes. Reviewing the Greater Manchester, Sheffield, Swansea Bay City Regions, Cardiff Capital Region and the North Wales Growth Deal, the authors address the tensions and opportunities for local elites and civil society actors.
Miners, Mariners & Masons
Authors: Burt Roger
Published: May 2021

Freemasonry played a major role in the economic and social life of the Victorian era but it has received very little sustained attention by academic historians. General histories of the period hardly notice the subject while detailed studies mainly confine themselves to its origins in the early eighteenth century and its later institutional development. This book is the first sustained and dispassionate study of the role of Freemasonry in everyday social and economic life: why men joined, what it did for them and their families, and how it affected the development of communities and local economies.
Communication Across Cultures
Authors: Hatim Basil
Published: May 2021

A unique synthesis of contrastive linguistics and discourse analysis, providing a core text for upper undergraduates and postgraduates taking courses in language, applied linguistics, translation and cultural studies. The book will also be of interest to language teachers and other applied linguists, as well as translators and interpreters. This revised and expanded edition includes important updates reflecting the growth over the past two decades in the theoretical study of translation and contrastive linguistics, and the wide-ranging practical applications of such studies. It offers authoritative updates on the major issues of translation and contrastive linguistics, using new practical examples and case studies that present the latest exploratory research of interest to both students and practitioners. While English and Arabic remain the language pair used for illustrative purposes, the analytic tools and theoretical overviews presented are of global applicability. The main objectives pursued remain the training of future linguists and, more broadly, an increased awareness of the subtleties of discourse on the part of language users.
Visión General del Marco Jurídico-Económico para analizar las Políticas Públicas en el sector de los Agronegocios en México bajo el contexto de Globalización
Authors: Martínez Sánchez César Enrique , De Luna Ramírez Roberto , Elorza Martínez Oralia , Alarcón Pulido Sara Aida
Published: May 2021

Este artículo describe a la globalización como una realidad que México atraviesa de manera vertical y horizontal en los sectores productivos, sociales económicos, así como el sector de los Agronegocios. Citandose que existe una normatividad jurídico-económica que permite la elaboración de políticas públicas para aumentar la competitividad internacional de los Agronegocios mexicanos. Pero que sin embargo se podrían establecer propuestas evolucionadas que integren conceptos de política social (salud, educación, vivienda y empleos) que promuevan y estimulen al productor así como teorías de las instituciones con las tendencias del neoinstitucionalismo que brinden mayor poder al Estado de establecer las condiciones de producción, financiamiento, transparencia. Dichas instituciones deberán forjar el futuro de los Agronegocios en México ya que establecerían la sinergia del poder Estatal y las tendencias internacionales de organización.
Validated Spectroscopic Methods for the Determination of Fluoxetine HCl and Lamivudine in Bulk and Marketed Formulations
Authors: E. V. S. Subrahmanyam , S. A. Kumara Prasad , A. R. Shabaraya
Published: May 2021

A simple, convenient analytical methods were developed for the estimation of Fluoxetine HCl (FLU) and Lamivudine (LAM) in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method for Fluoxetine HCl is based on the reaction between FLU and crystal violet in presence of Chloramine T and Sulphuric Acid. The blue coloured complex obeyed the Beer-Lamberts law in the concentration range of 0-2.5µg/ml at λ-max 603nm. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.9991. This method was validated for linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ and robustness.In the case of Lamivudine (LAM) the colour reaction is based on reaction involving the formation of greenish blue complex between Lamivudine and malachite green in the presence of Chloromine T (CT) and sulphuric acid. It obeys the BeerLamberts law in the concentration range of 0.3-2.7 µg/ml at λ-max of 623nm. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.9997. The method was validated for linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ and robustness.
MRT as a Major Component of Physical Therapy Intervention for a Child with Congenital Muscular Torticollis: A Case Report
Authors: Shrivastava Sonali , K. S. Arif
Published: May 2021

Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is a rare congenital musculoskeletal disorder characterised by unilateral shortening of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. It presents in newborn infants or young children with a reported incidence ranging from 0.3% to 2%. The Matrix concept was developed by Dr. Ulrich Randoll at the University of Erlangen Germany. According to this concept, life is a rhythmic movement. Diseases are disturbances until total stop. Basic therapy must be re-adaptation of rhythms on levels of cell biological regulation. This article reports a case of a 4months old female child successfully managed by Matrix Rhythm Therapy as a major part of physiotherapy for left side congenital muscular torticollis.The purpose of the case report is to find the efficacy of Matrix Rhythm Therapy on the neck movement and head alignment of a child with left side congenital muscular torticollis. Intervention included MRT,AROM, assisted movements in the neck region. Changes in the amounts of lateral head till were documented using still photography. The result of the study showed that child assumed a midline head posture in sitting position by the fifth session of therapeutic intervention (nine days).
ЦЕННОСТНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ЗНАНИЯ
Authors:   Пограничная академия КНБ Республики Казахстан, Алматы, Казахстан, Айтбаева Ардак
Published: May 2021

В статье обсуждается вопрос о ценности экологического знания. Определяется специфика этого знания по сравнению с естественно-научным, общественным и техническим знанием. В то же время отмечается неоднородность экологического знания. С одной стороны, существует биологическая экология. Это – всецело естественнонаучная дисциплина. А экология человека, социальная экология и глобальная экология – это науки иного порядка. В них сочетаются элементы естественнонаучного знания (это знание о реальной экологической ситуации как таковой), социогуманитарного и даже технического знания. В статье анализируется, прежде всего, знание, вырабатываемое экологией человека и социальной экологией. Анализируется проблема «наука и ценности» и делается вывод, что ценностно нейтрального научного знания не бывает. Применительно к экологическому знанию проводится различение его абсолютной и относительной ценности (речь идёт об экологии человека, социальной и глобальной экологии). Абсолютная ценность экологического знания – это ценность его как такового. В нынешней экологической ситуации оно абсолютно необходимо, без него невозможно человечеству справиться с этой ситуацией. Оно поэтому и обладает статусом абсолютной ценности для человечества. Что же касается всякий раз конкретного экологического знания, то оно, будучи всякий раз относительным, обладает относительной ценностью.
Introducing the Theofilos Supplement issue on Science, Natural Theology, and Christian Apologetics
Authors: Williams Peter S.
Published: May 2021

In early 2018, I proposed an annual research ‘symposium’ to be held at the NLA Gimlekollen Campus (with academic presentations and discussion, but with coffee replacing the traditional Greek wine). I was delighted to see NLA colleagues run with the concept, such that the Veritas Research Symposium launched in October 2018 now is an annual event at the campus in Kristiansand, Norway. The symposium’s focus is research on challenges, themes, and issues in Christian apologetics and related missiological, theological and philosophical areas. The symposium is closely linked to the annual Norwegian Veritas Conference.
Problemet med det multimediale samfunnet
Authors: Melhus Kåre
Published: May 2021

Det er ikke antall kanaler og plattformer som sikrer demokratiet vårt. Det fungerer bare så lenge vi respekterer hverandre som mennesker med rett til divergerende meninger.
The Place of Imaginative Literature in the Christian Life
Authors: Prior Karen Swallow
Published: May 2021

We have more leisure time today than in any period in history. We also have more options for spending that leisure time. For most people (unless you are an English professor, like me), reading fiction is easily seen as purely a leisure activity. And for many, watching sports, streaming movies, or scrolling Twitter seem like more relaxing, less demanding ways to fill non-working hours. Adding the reading of fiction to already overscheduled and overthinking lives can seem frivolous in a world of hurry, need, and stress. Even the Christian who is an avid reader can be tempted to view time spent on imaginative literature as taking away from more important material such as Scripture, theology, and history. Yet, fiction—and here I will be talking primarily of literary fiction—has much to offer the Christian.
Debt, COVID-19 and Inclusive Growth for Sustainable Development in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Kolawole Bashir Olayinka
Published: May 2021

The socio-economic crisis associated with COVID-19 is threatening progress towards attaining sustainable development goals. In this regard, global GDP is to contract in 2020 by 5.2% as against 2.8% in SSA. In addition, as global recession is imminent, developing countries stand to accommodate about 60 million people into extreme poverty amid rising debt. However, as an indispensable requirement for sustainable development, United Nations and African Union resolve to eradicate extreme poverty through aspirations for inclusive growth by 2030 and 2063, respectively. It is on this background this paper examines the impact of debt and COVID-19, as well as the effectiveness of growth inclusiveness for sustainable development in SSA. Imperatively, using a panel of 43 countries over the period 2016-2019, it is established that the level of employment increases, just as life expectancy improves, in tandem with inclusive growth. Also, the timeline analysis of the COVID-19 period reveals that the unemployment rate, as well as public debt, is increasing substantially above the levels before the outbreak; thereby portending a setback on the gains so far achieved towards sustainable development in the region. As such, total debt cancellation is suggested along with more financial assistance to economies in the region.
7-8 KLASIŲ MOKINIŲ UGDYMAS KARJERAI: KARJEROS SPECIALISTŲ POZICIJA [CAREER EDUCATION OF 7TH-8TH GRADE STUDENTS: CAREER PROFESSIONALS` POSITION]
Authors: Totorienė Rita , Augienė Dalia
Published: May 2021

Organizational opportunities and peculiarities of career counselling for students in General Education Schools are disclosed in the research. Object of the research: Problems of career development of 7-8 grade students in general education schools of Kupiškis region municipality. The aim of the research was to determine how career development in region schools is being pursued, to identify existing problems and to anticipate improvement opportunities. Five teachers of region general education schools, responsible for career development, participated in the research. The structured individual interview was used to obtain the survey data.
The results of the research revealed that the career education of 7-8 grade students is not carried out in all the schools in the region: in five of the seven schools there is a career counselor who does not guarantee a comprehensive career development for students. Not all the teachers in the region, who are responsible for career development, are trained as a career specialist. A career counsellor at school is the only person, who is responsible for career development, but he has more responsibilities and cannot give enough attention to the career development of students. Career Information optional subject in grades 7-8 is provided only in two schools curriculum. Students' vocational information is mainly provided in the schools. Meanwhile, experiential visits to vocational training are rarely carried out, students have access to individual career advice not in all the schools.
Keywords: basic school, career education, career development, school curriculum.
THE PHILOSOPHICAL NEED OF PEACE EDUCATION
Authors: Baça Ferit
Published: May 2021

The concept of peace includes the phenomenon of the lack of conflict and the existence of a healthy climate of human relations, inside and outside the country. So, we could also include the existence of harmony in social relations, economical welfare, the climate of equality, and justice in political relations or said in a more concentrated way, the picture of a state without war and conflicts. But another definition for peace includes even keeping the balance in human relations, tolerance, and the way of resolving problems through dialog and deals between the two conflicted groups. Peace is a typical and a dominating element in a democratic society, because it is built on the strong foundations of respect for the universal law of freedom and human rights. However, the concept of peace, has not escaped from the different interpretations varying on the circumstances and conditions of the existence of a population, culture and cultural level it inherits, also historical and political context of the time. The study analyzes some of the philosophical concepts on peace, its evolution in the flow of history and the need of it in our modern era. Thus, for accomplishing this research, I referred to different books dealing with relevant subjects such as peace and conflict, by using the method of analyzing and interpreting.
Keyword: democratic society, conflicted groups, human relations, peace education.
A Survey on Fruit Ripeness Classification Based On Image Processing with Machine Learning
Authors: Wankhade Mayuri , Hore U. W.
Published: May 2021

Agriculture has a major role in the economic development of our country. Productive growth and high yield production of fruits is essential and required for the agricultural industry. Due to the lack of skilled workers, 30–35% of the harvested fruits is wasted. also, because of human perception subjectivity identification, classification and grading of fruits not done precisely. So, it is required to impose the automation system in the fruit industry. The machine learning techniques with adequate concepts of image processing have a great scope to provide intelligence for designing an automation system to differentiate the fruits according to its type, variety, matureness and intactness. Application of image processing has helped agriculture to improve yield estimation, disease detection, fruit sorting, irrigation and maturity grading. Image processing techniques can be used to reduce the time consumption and has made it cost efficient. In this paper, an automatic system is reviewed to identify the ripening stages of fruit from images. Various feature extraction is performed using different algorithm to get the low to high level features automatically and later classification is carried out using various machine learning algorithm to get ripening stages of fruit as predicted output.
A importância das aulas de campo para o aprendizado de Geografia e sua utilização na Escola Miguel Calado Borba, Angelim – PE
Authors: VIANA José Leandro Alves
Published: May 2021

As aulas de campo de Geografia são uma das temáticas que encontram-se em ênfase nos debates da educação contemporânea, principalmente quando integradas às questões relacionadas ao ensino-aprendizagem. Assim sendo este trabalho trata da importância das aulas de campo para o aprendizado de Geografia e sua utilização na Escola Miguel Calado Borda do município de Angelim - PE, esta pesquisa objetiva analisar o processo de influência que as aulas de campo possuem no aprendizado dos alunos. Para atender a este objetivo, a metodologia utilizada foi baseada em estudos teóricos referenciados que mostram a importância desta temática também como quebra dos velhos paradigmas que fundamentam as práticas pedagógicas, tendo por base as obras dos autores Cordeiro e Oliveira (2011), Fontinha (2017), Júnior e Gonçalves (2012), Pisetta (2013), Silva e Júnior (2016). Do mesmo modo que foram realizadas aulas de campo com as turmas 6º A, B e D de ensino fundamental II da Escola Miguel Calado Borba e posteriormente foram avaliados os conhecimentos dos alunos a respeito das temáticas abordadas nas aulas de campo que versaram a respeito de conteúdos de abordagem geográfica como solo, vegetação, clima, relevo e o espaço geográfico. O estudo concluiu que há um quadro favorável quanto à aplicação das aulas de campo em Geografia, como suporte para o aprendizado dos conteúdos e conhecimento do espaço geográfico por parte do alunado, visto que é possível perceber que esta metodologia possui eficácia em sua utilização e mostra-se proveitosa na melhoria dos processos de aprendizagem dos discentes.
Serum uric acid measurement and its correlation with urinary albumin-creatinine ratio in type-2 Diabetic subjects
Authors:   Kannur University, Palayad, Kerala, India, Aswathi T V , Vickram  , Divya D
Published: May 2021

Increased serum uric acid (SUA) is known to play a critical role in the development of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as well as in progression of its complications. Hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for kidney dysfunction in patients with diabetes. The appearance of albuminuria is the first sign of kidney damage and the mechanisms of hyperuricemia-induced renal injury mainly include oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, renal fibrosis, and inflammation. To determine the possible association of SUA with urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) in type-2 diabetic subjects, data with lab investigations of SUA and urinary ACR of 95 confirmed and known cases of T2DM were collected from the laboratory medicine department, DMWIMS Hospital, Wayanad Kerala. Based on the urinary albumin excretion values, diabetic subjects were divided into three groups (Normoalbuminuric, microalbuminuric & macroalbuminuric groups). A significant increase in mean ACR from group-1-->group-2-->group- 3 was observed which is proportional to an increase in mean SUA levels suggesting that increase in SUA may be responsible for increased urinary albumin excretion. This study shows a positive correlation between SUA and ACR. Keywords: Serum uric acid; diabetes mellitus; hyperuricemia; kidney damage; T2DM; albuminuria; urinary albumin-creatinine ratio; diabetic nephropathy
Pattern of self medication among medical students of a private institute in Davangere: A cross-sectional study
Authors:   Department of Community Medicine, SSIMS & RC, Davangere, 577005, Karnataka, India, Ratnaprabha G K , Muntazeem G Muhammed , Kumar Aswin
Published: May 2021

Self-medication is a common and regular practice of using medicines without any medical supervision by the people themselves for self-treatment considering it a part of self-care. Self-medication has both positive as well as a negative aspect which may lead to serious chronic ailments, cause resistance to pathogens, delays the symptoms, complicate the cause of the underlying disease and delaying the diagnosis. To assess the prevalence of self-medication among the students in a medical institute in Davangere. 2. To determine the factors associated with self medication among these medical students in Davanagere. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 medical students of SSIMS& RC Davanagere. Data was collected using pre-designed, semi structured questionnaire. The data was entered in MS Excel. Analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Prevalence of self medications among medical students was found to be 41%. Antipyretics were widely used as a drug for self medication. This study reinforces the importance of creating awareness and educating the students regarding the advantages and disadvantages of self medications. Keywords: Self medications; medical students; Davanagere
Single coronary artery anomaly
Authors: Gąsecka Aleksandra , Jakubik Olga , Putowska Paulina , Pietrasik Arkadiusz
Published: May 2021

Single coronary artery (SCA) is one of the rarest congenital coronary artery anomalies, with the incidence ranging from 0.01% to 0.07% [1]. SCA can be either an isolated anomaly or associated with other congenital abnormalities such as bicuspid aortic valve. Most of the cases of SCA are asymptomatic. The malignant variety of SCA is the type in which SCA is located between the aorta and the pulmonary artery [2].
Trabecular bone score and 3D-DXA in young, antiretroviral treatment-naïve patients in Madrid
Authors: Atencio Patricia , Arboiro-Pinel Rosa , Cabello Alfonso , M. Conesa-Buendía Francisco , Górgolas Miguel , Mediero Aránzazu , Díaz-Curiel Manuel
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Low bone mineral density (BMD) has been described as a non-AIDS-related event in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-patients, but it is poorly studied by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and trabecular bone score (TBS) in young HIV-infected men who have received no previous antiretroviral treatment (ART).

Material and methods

A retrospective study of 56 naïve-HIV-infected men under 50 years old with recently diagnosed HIV infection, between May 2012 and July 2017.

Results

The mean age was 33.11 ±6.6 years, and they were 56.4% Caucasian and 43.6% Latin American. Regarding lifestyle and risk factors, 57% had previous exposure to tobacco and 31% reported drug use. Low BMD (Z-score < –2.0) was found in 21.4% of the patients, and partially degraded and degraded in 25% and 1.7%, respectively in TBS. We find significative prevalence of bone involvement among naïve HIV-infected men under 50 years old.

Conclusions

Further studies are necessary to evaluate if BMD assessment should be recommended in young HIV-infected patients.
Relationship between postmenopausal osteoporosis and glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) polymorphism in a Turkish population
Authors: Cakmak Bulent , Yiğit Serbülent , Karakuş Nevin , Yıldırım Eren , İnanır Ahmet
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are used in the treatment of numerous diseases, and long-term use of GCs causes bone loss. GC receptor activation decreases Bone Mineral Density (BMD) by inhibiting and stimulating osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively. GC receptor gene polymorphisms are also associated with increased susceptibility to GCs. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between osteoporosis and Glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) polymorphism in Turkish population.

Material and methods

The study group consisted of 232 unrelated patients with osteoporosis and 150 unrelated healthy controls. All participants, patients and healthy controls, were of Turkish origin, from the central region of Turkey. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole venous blood samples using a commercial DNA isolation kit. The NR3C1 BclI gene C/G polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction.

Results

The frequencies of CC, CG and GG genotypes in the patients were 34.5%, 48.3%, and 17.2% and in the controls were 48.0%, 42.0%, and 10.0%. A statistically significant difference was observed between patients and controls according to genotype frequencies (p=0.01). C and G allele frequencies of C/G polymorphism were 58.6% and 41.4% in patient group and 69.0% and 31.0% in control group (p=0.005).

Conclusions

The NR3C1 BclI gene C/G polymorphism could be one of the genetic factors causing osteoporosis.
Development of Rubber Media Based Resistance Model for Sprint Runners in Riau
Authors: Eka Putra Septiandi , Lubis Johansyah , Marlina Siregar Novi
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study is to develop a rubber-based resistance training model for sprint athletes in Riau province by evaluating the efficacy of increasing sprint athletes' short distance running pace. The research method used in this study is ADDIE's research and development method, which consists of five steps. Athletes from Riau Province participated in this study as test subjects. analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluating are the first steps in the research process. Three experts were present for the model feasibility test: two athletic lecturers and one national athletic coach. The model's efficacy was tested using a 60-meter speed parameter test involving 30 athletes from Riau Province, 15 of whom were in the experimental group and 15 of whom were in the control group. The difference test results from SPSS 22 showed that the experimental group had an average difference of 0.78 and the control group had an average difference of 0.12. The discrepancy is derived from the test results, which are expressed in terms of time, so the shorter the time, the better. The discrepancy between the experimental and control groups' different values, or mean different = 0.658, t-count = 23.632, df = 28, with p-value = 0.000 < 0.05, indicates that there are substantial variations between the experimental and control groups. It can be concluded that the rubber media-based Resistance training model for Riau provincial sprint athletes is more successful and can help the Riau provincial sprint athletes improve their 100-meter running pace
CONSIDERAÇÕES ACERCA DOS IMPACTOS TRAZIDOS A PARTIR DOS FENÔMENOS DA PÓS-MODERNIDADE E DA GLOBALIZAÇÃO NO SISTEMA DE ENSINO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Dias Vagner Neves
Published: May 2021

A partir de um apanhado teórico, este artigo busca desenvolver uma reflexão crítica acerca dos aspectos e reflexos oriundos dos fenômenos da pós-modernidade e da globalização sobre o sistema de ensino brasileiro, no intuito de compreender os conceitos trazidos pela literatura quanto a tais fenômenos, avaliar quais as consequências trazidas por estes à cultura e consequentemente à educação brasileira, e identificar se a formação docente está em consonância com as novas exigências trazidas pela era digital. O tipo de pesquisa adotada foi a exploratória, e as fontes utilizadas foram livros, artigos e periódicos. Chegou-se ao entendimento de que a pós-modernidade, momento histórico atual, pode ser muito bem identificado como sendo um período de crise que está sendo capaz de desencadear profundas alterações em todos os patamares da compreensão humana. No tocante ao sistema de ensino brasileiro, uma vez que com o advento da globalização, do avanço tecnológico e das mudanças na forma de aprender, o profissional docente do século XXI deve se apresentar em relação ao ensino de maneira inovada, reflexiva e crítica.
Captive Aerosol Growth and Evolution (CAGE) chamber system to investigate particle growth due to secondary aerosol formation
Authors: Sirmollo Candice L. , Collins Don R. , McCormick Jordan M. , Milan Cassandra F. , Erickson Matthew H. , Flynn James H. , Sheesley Rebecca J. , Usenko Sascha , Wallace Henry W. , Bui Alexander A. T. , Griffin Robert J. , Tezak Matthew , Kinahan Sean M. , Santarpia Joshua L.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Environmental chambers are a commonly used tool for
studying the production and processing of aerosols in the atmosphere. Most
are located indoors and most are filled with air having prescribed
concentrations of a small number of reactive gas species. Here we describe
portable chambers that are used outdoors and filled with mostly ambient air.
Each all-Teflon® 1 m3 Captive Aerosol Growth and
Evolution (CAGE) chamber has a cylindrical shape that rotates along its
horizontal axis. A gas-permeable membrane allows exchange of gas-phase
species between the chamber and surrounding ambient air with an exchange
time constant of approximately 0.5 h. The membrane is non-permeable to
particles, and those that are injected into or nucleate in the chamber are
exposed to the ambient-mirroring environment until being sampled or lost to
the walls. The chamber and surrounding enclosure are made of materials that
are highly transmitting across the solar ultraviolet and visible wavelength
spectrum. Steps taken in the design and operation of the chambers to
maximize particle lifetime resulted in averages of 6.0, 8.2, and 3.9 h
for ∼ 0.06, ∼ 0.3, and
∼ 2.5 µm diameter particles, respectively. Two of the
newly developed CAGE chamber systems were characterized using data acquired
during a 2-month field study in 2016 in a forested area north of Houston,
TX, USA. Estimations of measured and unmeasured gas-phase species and of
secondary aerosol production in the chambers were made using a
zero-dimensional model that treats chemical reactions in the chamber and the
continuous exchange of gases with the surrounding air. Concentrations of NO,
NO2, NOy, O3, and several organic compounds measured in the
chamber were found to be in close agreement with those calculated from the
model, with all having near 1.0 best fit slopes and high r2 values. The
growth rates of particles in the chambers were quantified by tracking the
narrow modes that resulted from injection of monodisperse particles and from
occasional new particle formation bursts. Size distributions in the two
chambers were measured intermittently 24 h d−1. A bimodal diel
particle growth rate pattern was observed, with maxima of about
6 nm h−1 in the late morning and early evening and minima of less than 1 nm h−1 shortly before sunrise and sunset. A pattern change was observed
for hourly averaged growth rates between late summer and early fall.
Measurement and modelling of the dynamics of NH3 surface–atmosphere exchange over the Amazonian rainforest
Authors: Ramsay Robbie , Di Marco Chiara F. , Heal Mathew R. , Sörgel Matthias , Artaxo Paulo , Andreae Meinrat O. , Nemitz Eiko
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Local and regional modelling of NH3 surface exchange is required to quantify nitrogen deposition to, and emissions from, the biosphere. However, measurements and model parameterisations for many remote ecosystems – such as tropical rainforest – remain sparse. Using 1 month of hourly measurements of NH3 fluxes and meteorological parameters over a remote Amazon rainforest site (Amazon Tall Tower Observatory, ATTO), six model parameterisations based on a bidirectional, single-layer canopy compensation point resistance model were developed to simulate observations of NH3 surface exchange. Canopy resistance was linked to either relative humidity at the canopy level (RHz0′), vapour pressure deficit, or a parameter value based on leaf wetness measurements. The ratio of apoplastic NH4+ to H+ concentration, Γs, during this campaign was inferred to be 38.5 ± 15.8. The parameterisation that reproduced the observed net exchange of NH3 most accurately was the model that used a cuticular resistance (Rw) parameterisation based on leaf wetness measurements and a value of Γs=50 (Pearson correlation r=0.71). Conversely, the model that performed the worst at replicating measured NH3 fluxes used an Rw value modelled using RHz0′ and the inferred value of Γs=38.5 (r=0.45). The results indicate that a single-layer canopy compensation point model is appropriate for simulating NH3 fluxes from tropical rainforest during the Amazonian dry season and confirmed that a direct measurement of (a non-binary) leaf wetness parameter improves the ability to estimate Rw. Current inferential methods for determining Γs were noted as having difficulties in the humid conditions present at a rainforest site.
Unlocking archival maps of the Hornsund fjord area for monitoring glaciers of the Sørkapp Land peninsula, Svalbard
Authors: Dudek Justyna , Pętlicki Michał
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Archival maps are an invaluable source of information on the state of glaciers in polar zones and are very often basic research material for analysing changes in their geometry. However, basing a reliable comparative analysis on them requires they be standardised and precisely matched against modern-day cartographic materials. This can be achieved effectively using techniques and tools from the field of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The research objective was to accurately register archival topographic maps of the area surrounding the Hornsund fjord (southern Spitsbergen) published by the Polish Academy of Sciences, and to evaluate their potential for use in studying changes in the geometry of glaciers in the western part of the Sørkapp Land peninsula in 1961–90. Comparing the 1961 and 1990 data, glacier surfaces lowered by about 80–85 m for the largest land-terminating glaciers of the peninsula, and by up to more than 90 m for tidewater glaciers (above the line marking their 1984 extents). The dataset is now available from the Zenodo web portal: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573130 (Dudek and Pętlicki, 2021).
Study on a Compatible Model Combining Point Cloud Model and Digital Elevation Model
Authors: Guo Wenbo , Zhao Jun
Published: May 2021

Abstract. DEMs (Digital Elevation Model) are important data sources that describe the surface morphology, but they are not real 3D models and thus cannot meet the requirements for describing the land surface in 3D. LIDAR (Light Deteation and Ranging) point cloud data are true 3D data with high precision and a high density. Based on an analysis of the differences between DEM and point cloud data, including the corresponding acquisition methods, data structures and model construction methods, this paper proposes a 3D point set data model based on regular grid 2D data field for regional modeling. The feasibility of the model is tested through the upper and lower boundary modeling method. The experiments show that (1) the 3D point set data model based on regularly gridded 2D data field is compatible with complete DEM data and simplified point cloud data and has good applicability; (2) the newly built data model can be used in the true 3D modeling of simple surface entities with high efficiency when the amount of data is only doubled; and (3) the new data model can be generated by inputting DEM data and point cloud data and using a simplified algorithm to process the point cloud data in the same coordinate system. This approach has the potential for multiscale, including large-scale, and automatic output processing and has the potential to be widely generalized.
Using Machine Learning to Predict Optimal Electromagnetic Induction Instrument Configurations for Characterizing the Root Zone
Authors: van't Veen Kim Madsen , Ferré Ty Paul Andrew , Iversen Bo Vangsø , Børgesen Christen Duus
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Electromagnetic induction (EMI) is used widely for hydrological and other environmental studies. The apparent electrical conductivity (ECa), which can be mapped efficiently with EMI, correlates with a variety of important soil attributes. EMI instruments exist with several configurations of coil spacing, orientation, and height. There are general, rule-of-thumb guides to choose an optimal instrument configuration for a specific survey. The goal of this study was to use machine learning (ML) to improve this design optimization task. In this investigation, we used machine learning as an efficient tool for interpolating among the results of many forward model runs. Specifically, we generated an ensemble of 100,000 EMI forward models representing the responses of many EMI configurations to a range of three-layer subsurface models. We split the results into training and testing subsets and trained a decision tree (DT) with gradient boosting (GB) to predict the subsurface properties (layer thicknesses and EC values). We further examined the value of prior knowledge that could limit the ranges of some of the soil model parameters. We made use of the intrinsic feature importance measures of machine learning algorithms to identify optimal EMI designs for specific subsurface parameters. The optimal designs identified using this approach agreed with those that are generally recognized as optimal by informed experts for standard survey goals, giving confidence in the ML-based approach. The approach also offered insight that would be difficult if not impossible to offer based on rule-of-thumb optimization. We contend that such ML-informed design approaches could be applied broadly to other survey design challenges
A simple cloud-filling approach for remote sensing water cover assessments
Authors: Mullen Connor , Penny Gopal , Müller Marc F.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The empirical attribution of hydrologic change presents a unique data availability challenge in terms of establishing baseline prior conditions, as one cannot go back in time to retrospectively collect the necessary data. Although global remote sensing data can alleviate this challenge, most satellite missions are too recent to capture changes that happened long ago enough to provide sufficient observations for adequate statistical inference. In that context, the 4 decades of continuous global high-resolution monitoring enabled by the Landsat missions are an unrivaled source of information. However, constructing a time series of land cover observation across Landsat missions remains a significant challenge because cloud masking and inconsistent image quality complicate the automatized interpretation of optical imagery. Focusing on the monitoring of lake water extent, we present an automatized gap-filling approach to infer the class (wet or dry) of pixels masked by clouds or sensing errors. The classification outcome of unmasked pixels is compiled across images taken on different dates to estimate the inundation frequency of each pixel, based on the assumption that different pixels are masked at different times. The inundation frequency is then used to infer the inundation status of masked pixels on individual images through supervised classification. Applied to a variety of global lakes with substantial long term or seasonal fluctuations, the approach successfully captured water extent variations obtained from in situ gauges (where applicable), or from other Landsat missions during overlapping time periods. Although sensitive to classification errors in the input imagery, the gap-filling algorithm is straightforward to implement on Google's Earth Engine platform and stands as a scalable approach to reliably monitor, and ultimately attribute, historical changes in water bodies.