bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advances in metabolomic applications in plant genetics and breeding.
Authors: Yandeau-Nelson M. D. , Lauter N. , Zabotina O. A.
Published: February 2016

Metabolomics is a systems biology discipline wherein abundances of endogenous metabolites from biological samples are identified and quantitatively measured across a large range of metabolites and/or a large number of samples. Since all developmental, physiological and 'response to the environment' phenotypes have at least one metabolic component phenotype, metabolomics offers the opportunity to mechanistically dissect how metabolic processes participate in determining these complex phenotypes. Plants produce an amazingly diverse array of primary and specialized metabolites (>200000 kingdom-wide), many of which are integral for our food, feed, fibre and fuel industries. Thus, applications of metabolomics in plant genetics and breeding efforts offer efficient and effective solutions to challenges in our agricultural systems. This review briefly describes new advances in the metabolomic platforms and analysis methods that have been developed for both targeted and non-targeted metabolite profiling in plants. Special sections describing the application of these technologies are then provided for several relevant topics, including advances in plant quantitative genetics research, improved prediction of hybrid crop performance, mitigation of losses due to environmental stress, development of metabolic biomarkers for economically important traits, establishment of substantial equivalence between transgenic and conventional germplasm and biofortification for nutritional enhancement of our food supply. Future applications of metabolomics, particularly as a component discipline of phenomics, are also discussed.
Wastes to worth: value added products from fruit and vegetable wastes.
Authors: Wadhwa M. , Bakshi M. P. S. , Makkar H. P. S.
Published: February 2016

The concentrations of phenolics and other phytochemicals present in the peels, pulp/pomace and seeds of many fruits and vegetables namely citrus, apples, peaches, pears, banana, pomegranate, berries, mangoes, onions, potatoes, tomatoes and sugar beet are generally substantially higher than in their respective edible tissues, suggesting these wastes and residues to be the potential sources for isolating bio-active compounds. The antioxidants (polyphenolic and other phytochemicals) and other bio-active compounds from these sources exhibit anti-cancer, anti-microbial (pathogens), anti-oxidative and immune-modulatory effects. In addition they reduce incidence of cardiovascular diseases and capillary fragility, inhibit platelet aggregation and prevent thrombosis, oxidative stress, osteoporosis and diabetes in vertebrates. Specifically, the phenolics and flavonoids present in apple, date pit, rambutan (
Nephelium lappaceum
) peel, tomato peel extracts strongly inhibit tumour-cell proliferation. Penta-O-galloyl-glucoside (PGG) present in mango seed kernel extract and mango peel is used in pharmaceutical industries as it possesses anti-tumor, antioxidant, anti-cardiovascular and hepato-protective effects. The terpenoid and flavonoids in banana foliage exhibit anthelmintic properties. Pomace of apple, pear, orange, peach, blackcurrant, cherry, artichoke, asparagus, onion, raspberry, tomato and carrot, durian seeds (gelling and thickening agents), mango peels, date pits, cauliflower trimmings, empty pea pods and okara are used as dietary fibre supplements and as a functional ingredient in processed food products due to the presence of pectins and carotenoids and bound antioxidants. Some of the fruit and vegetable wastes are excellent source of biopigments; examples being betalains in beet root pulp and carotenoid in carrot pulp. Tomato seeds, banana peel, rambutan and mango seed kernel, passion fruit seed, black currant, date pits are good sources of edible oil rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Many fruit and vegetable wastes are used as a substrate for the production of organic acids (citric, lactic and ferulic acids), single cell protein, essential oils, exogenous enzymes, bio-ethanol/methanol, bio-pesticides, bio-sorbants, bio-degradable plastic, bio-fertilizers, bio-preservatives and edible mushrooms. Some have potential to decrease the emission of enteric methane.
Viral diseases of banana.
Authors: Selvarajan R.
Published: February 2016

Banana and plantain are important fruit crops grown in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Millions of resource-poor people depend on them for their livelihood and food security. These fruit crops are destroyed by several viral diseases causing serious economic losses wherever the crops are cultivated. Here, recent developments on the spread, distribution, biology, diversity, recombination, host range, cutting-edge techniques in diagnostics and comprehensive management of important banana viruses, i.e., banana bunchy top virus (BBTV), banana streak viruses, banana bract mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus, as well as minor viruses such as banana mild mosaic virus, are exhaustively reviewed. Due to its high destructive potential, BBTV is regarded as a quarantine pest of very high importance in the banana exporting countries of South and Central America. Using tissue culture technology, it is now possible to control the viruses of banana by adopting virus-free certification programmes in conjunction with exclusion, eradication and adoption of quarantine measures.
Structural magnetic and Mossbauer study of 57Fe doped La2/3Ca1/3Mn1-xFexO3 (0≥x≥0.1) manganites
Authors: Sánchez L C , Durango D , Arnache O
Published: February 2016

We have studied the effect of 57Fe substitution on structural and magnetic properties of La2/3Ca1/3Mn1-xFexO3 (LCMFO; x=0, 5 and 10%) manganites. The powders were prepared by the solid state reaction method, and the final products were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Mössbauer Spectrometry and Magnetic Measurements. Only one single phase corresponding to the manganite phase was detected without the presence of impurities or iron phases. The hyperfine parameters of Mossbauer spectra (MS), taken at different temperatures for the doped samples, reveal the only presence of Fe3+ ions in octahedral coordination. At low temperatures, the MS spectra were fitted with a model of three components associated to three magnetic phases of iron (ferromagnetic and paramagnetic states). These ordered and not ordered magnetic phases are related to the effects of grain size distribution in LCMFO samples. Finally, significant changes were observed in the saturation magnetization, Curie temperature and coercivity field with increasing of iron doping level.
What Do We Know About the Association Between Firearm Legislation and Firearm-Related Injuries?
Authors: Santaella-Tenorio Julian , Cerdá Magdalena , Villaveces Andrés , Galea Sandro
Published: February 2016

Firearms account for a substantial proportion of external causes of death, injury, and disability across the world. Legislation to regulate firearms has often been passed with the intent of reducing problems related to their use. However, lack of clarity around which interventions are effective remains a major challenge for policy development. Aiming to meet this challenge, we systematically reviewed studies exploring the associations between firearm-related laws and firearm homicides, suicides, and unintentional injuries/deaths. We restricted our search to studies published from 1950 to 2014. Evidence from 130 studies in 10 countries suggests that in certain nations the simultaneous implementation of laws targeting multiple firearms restrictions is associated with reductions in firearm deaths. Laws restricting the purchase of (e.g., background checks) and access to (e.g., safer storage) firearms are also associated with lower rates of intimate partner homicides and firearm unintentional deaths in children, respectively. Limitations of studies include challenges inherent to their ecological design, their execution, and the lack of robustness of findings to model specifications. High quality research on the association between the implementation or repeal of firearm legislation (rather than the evaluation of existing laws) and firearm injuries would lead to a better understanding of what interventions are likely to work given local contexts. This information is key to move this field forward and for the development of effective policies that may counteract the burden that firearm injuries pose on populations.
A Primer on Psychotherapy Integration
Authors: Norcross John C.
Published: February 2016

This chapter explicates the broad context of psychotherapy integration and sets the stage for the subsequent chapters in the volume. This chapter offers a primer on integration: in the dual sense of a primer (soft i) as a small introduction to the subject and of a primer (hard i) as a basecoat or undercoat for the following applications. This chapter begins by describing the converging reasons for the growth of psychotherapy integration, after which it reviewsfour predominant routes to integration. This segues into a brief consideration of the varieties of integration, which includes summaries of recent studies on the prevalence and subtypes of eclectic/integrative therapies. The chapter concludes with a discussion of recurrent obstacles to psychotherapy integration.
The Future as an Integratating Force Through the Schools of Psychotherapy
Authors: Beitman Bernard D. , Soth Angela M. , Bumby Nancy A.
Published: February 2016

This chapter contains what we believe to be the fundamental, superordinate concepts that form the basis of psychotherapy: stages, relationship, self-awareness, and changing personal futures. Through holding fast to the basic constructs and exploring more fully the incorporation of a future-orientation psychotherapy, we will continue to evolve with the unpredictable variations that will continue to enrich our theory and practice.
Multimodal Therapy
Authors: Lazarus Arnold A.
Published: February 2016

Chapter 5 discusses multimodal therapy, and how the multimodal approach provides a framework that facilitates systematic treatment selection in a broad-based, comprehensive, and yet highly focused manner. It covers how it respects science and data-driven findings, and it endeavors to use empirically supported methods when possible. Nevertheless, it recognizes that many issues still fall into the grey area in which artistry and subjective judgment are necessary and tries to fill the void by offering methods that have strong clinical support.
Cyclical Psychodynamics and Integrative Relational Psychotherapy
Authors: Wachtel Paul L. , Kruk Jason C. , McKinney Mary K.
Published: February 2016

Chapter 8 discusses cyclical psychodynamics and integrative relational psychotherapy, and covers the approach, active intervention and the inclusion of a behavioral view, the continued importance of the psychodynamic perspective, applicability and structure, the therapy relationship, a case example, empirical research, and a discussion of future directions.
Cognitive Analytic Therapy
Authors: Ryle Anthony
Published: February 2016

Chapter 9 discusses cognitive analytic therapy, and covers origins of the approach, assessment and case formulation, applicability, processes of change, the therapy relationship, methods and techniques, a case study, empirical research, and future directions.
Assimilative Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
Authors: Stricker George , Gold Jerry
Published: February 2016

Chapter 10 discusses assimilative psychodynamic psychotherapy, and covers integrative approach, assessment and formulation, applicability and structure, processes of change, the therapy relationship, methods and techniques, a case study, empirical research, and future directions.
Integrating Spirituality with Psychotherapy
Authors: Sollod Robert N.
Published: February 2016

Chapter 19 discusses integrating spirituality with psychotherapy, and covers examples of current directions in integrating spirituality with psychotherapy, followed by a discussion of a number of concerns having to do with such integration. It then presents, illustrates, and evaluates six major paths of integrating spirituality with psychotherapy (acknowledging the spiritual aspects of psychotherapy, working in conjunction with a client’s views, use of spiritual techniques for remediation of behaviorial disorders, facilitating a spiritual approach to living, spiritual formation as a goal in itself, and the use of methods derived from spiritual traditions).
Training in Psychotherapy Integration
Authors: Norcross John C. , Halgin Richard P.
Published: February 2016

Chapter 21 introduces an ideal training model for psychotherapy integration. It then considers training in light of the four principal routes of integration - technical eclecticism, theoretical integration, common factors, and assimilative integration - as the training objectives and sequence will differ somewhat among them. Next, it addresses questions regarding the centrality of personal therapy and the necessity of research training in the preparation of integrative therapists. It reviews integrative supervision, specifically problems in the acquisition of integrative competence and an improved system. It concludes with a discussion of organizational strategies for introducing changes, particularly those promoting psychotherapy integration, into training institutions.
A Critical Dialogue on Psychotherapy Integration
Authors: Wachtel Paul L. , Goldfried Marvin R.
Published: February 2016

Chapter 23 presents a critical dialogue on psychotherapy integration, presented as the closing plenary session of the 19th annual meeting of the Society for the Exploration of Psychotherapy Integration (SEPI) in New York City, and features SEPI’s cofounders in a candid conversation about the purposes, status, and future of psychotherapy integration.
Future Directions in Psychotherapy Integration
Authors: Eubanks-Carter Catherine , Burckell Lisa A. , Goldfried Marvin R.
Published: February 2016

Chapter 24 discusses future directions in psychotherapy integration, and reviews the progress made by the integration movement and notes the areas in which integration has not yet made an impact. In order to gain a better understanding of the possible directions that integration could take, it then turns to the futuristic views of a number of individuals who are actively involved in psychotherapy integration: the contributors to this Handbook. It summarizes and comments upon their recommendations for advancing psychotherapy integration.
Sleep Interview and Assessment Tools
Authors: Durand V. Mark
Published: February 2016

Chapter 2 outlines the use of the Albany Sleep Problems Scale (ASPS) to identify the nature of the child's sleep problem, and introduces the use of a sleep diary and behavior log.
Reducing Night Waking
Authors: Durand V. Mark
Published: February 2016

Chapter 8 outlines night waking, and presents intervention options to manage the problem. Family resistance is discussed, along with steps for graduated extinction, sleep restriction, and scheduled awakening.
When Children Don't Sleep Well: Parent Workbook
Authors: Durand V. Mark
Published: February 2016

This online guide will help parents effectively manage their child's sleep problems without the use of drugs. Each module describes a different problem and gives options for treating it. Bedtime disturbances, night waking, sleep terrors, nightmares, and other sleep-related issues are all addressed in this workbook. It also includes a module on bedwetting. Working with a therapist, parents will choose the best intervention options for their family. It provides step-by-step instructions for carrying out each intervention, is easy-to-use, and complements the program described in the corresponding therapist guide. It includes questionnaires for parents about their child(ren) and family, as well as forms for recording the child's sleep and behaviour.
Overview
Authors: Durand V. Mark
Published: February 2016

Chapter 1 provides an overview of the therapy course, and discusses the nature of sleep, sleep problems, and interventions for sleep problems.
Age-Related and Parental Sleep Concerns
Authors: Durand V. Mark
Published: February 2016

Chapter 9 explores age-related and parental sleep concerns, including fading nighttime feedings, sleeping through the night, and fading daytime naps.
Prolonged Exposure Therapy for PTSD: Teen Workbook
Authors: Chrestman Kelly R. , Gilboa-Schechtman Eva , Foa Edna B.
Published: February 2016

This online treatment program adapts the principles of Dr. Foa's proven effective Prolonged Exposure Therapy for adolescents suffering from Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and is based on the principles of prolonged exposure and emotional processing for use with those individuals who suffer from PTSD. The treatment is presented in modules that can be individually tailored to fit the needs of each patient. Because many adolescent PTSD sufferers do not initiate therapy on their own, but are referred to therapy by social workers, parents, or other authority figures, their willingness to participate in their treatment can vary widely. The first element of this treatment, serves to assess the client's attitude, and increase motivation to change. Other modules introduce psychoeducation, real-life exposure, emotional processing, and relapse prevention. This online workbook provides additional information, monitoring forms, and worksheets to help clients take control of their treatment.
Specialty Competencies in Cognitive and Behavioral Psychology
Authors: Nezu Christine Maguth , Martell Christopher R. , Nezu Arthur M.
Published: February 2016

Influenced by a profession-wide recognition of the unique and distinct nature among psychological specialty practice as well as efforts to define professional competence, this online resource illustrates how cognitive and behavioural psychologists actualize each area of professional activity associated with the areas of competence currently delineated by professional psychology through national consensus working groups and conferences. It provides information for best practices designated under the main areas of foundational and functional competencies, with each chapter focused on a specific area of competence, including information on foundational knowledge that informs competent cognitive and behavioural specialists, with regard to theory and scientific research, ethical practice, and competence in individual and multicultural diversity. Delineated functional areas of competence include assessment methods, case formulation, interventions, consultation, supervision, and teaching. Professional competencies with regard to therapeutic and collegial interpersonal interactions and identity as well as continuing professional development are also addressed.
Introduction
Authors: Nezu Christine Maguth , Martell Christopher R. , Nezu Arthur M.
Published: February 2016

Chapter 1 traces the converging paths and unique characteristics of the specialty of cognitive and behavioural psychology beginning with foundational learning theories and the emergence of behaviourism in the United States and the rest of the world. It also covers the numerous factors that contributed to the specialty’s evolution, and how the approach was focused on applying a scientific method to understanding and treating psychopathology. It also illustrates the path from the specialty’s early roots to its present day, and the formal recognition of the specialty by the Commission for the Recognition of Specialties and Proficiencies in Professional Psychology (CRSPPP), which is associated with the American Psychological Association (APA), and the American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP).
Conceptual Foundations and Theories
Authors: Nezu Christine Maguth , Martell Christopher R. , Nezu Arthur M.
Published: February 2016

Chapter 2 discusses the several major theories that have contributed to the core foundations of the specialty of cognitive and behavioural psychology, including the major learning theories that are invoked when describing cognitive and behavioural conceptualizations of a particular clinical problem or disorder and extend to the recent integration of other areas relevant to contemporary learning theory. It also covers findings from developmental and interpersonal research, the neuroscientific findings regarding emotional, cognitive, and non-conscious learning, as well as alternative philosophical, cultural, and spiritual traditions that impact an individual’s learning experience.
Scientific Research Foundations
Authors: Nezu Christine Maguth , Martell Christopher R. , Nezu Arthur M.
Published: February 2016

Chapter 3 summarizes much of the research relevant to the specialty through the methodology of meta-analysis, and provides information concerning journals that are relevant to the specialty and likely to helpful in researching cognitive and behavioural assessment and treatment. It additionally describes the methodologies in single case designs, as another hallmark of research in the cognitive and behavioural tradition. Lastly, an example is used to illustrate how research in the specialty bridges the gap between theory and practice.
Assessment in Cognitive and Behavioral Psychology
Authors: Nezu Christine Maguth , Martell Christopher R. , Nezu Arthur M.
Published: February 2016

Chapter 4 discusses how behavioural assessment procedures have evolved from both classical and instrumental conditioning models and include functional analysis of behaviour, behavioural tests, physiologic measurement, as well as social behaviour coding systems, self-report of cognition and emotion, and standardized tests. It also illustrates how cognitive behavioural psychologists use all of these assessment strategies to a greater or lesser degree, based upon their particular training, area of focus, and access to technology, and how many clinicians integrate these strategies in an individualized approach to assessment, a hallmark of cognitive behaviour therapy.
Models of Cognitive-Behavioral Case Formulation
Authors: Nezu Christine Maguth , Martell Christopher R. , Nezu Arthur M.
Published: February 2016

Chapter 5 provides an overview of cognitive behavioural case formulation as a ‘hypothesis’ about the causes, precipitants, and maintaining influences of a person’s psychological problems (cognition & emotion), interpersonal problems, and behavioural problems, and illustrates how this approach to assessment allows the cognitive and behavioural specialist to organize complex and contradictory information about an individual, identify therapy-interfering events, accept what each patient may bring to treatment, develop a blueprint for guiding treatment, and identify markers for change.
Applied Behavioral Analytic Interventions
Authors: Nezu Christine Maguth , Martell Christopher R. , Nezu Arthur M.
Published: February 2016

Chapter 7 provides examples of applied behavioural analysis strategies that have been shown to be effective in both single case and group settings, which may include ways to increase the likelihood of a patient learning new associations or functional contingencies, inhibition of a patient’s previous associations through extinction learning, reduction or extinction of patient behaviours that have been previously reinforced, or fostering the patient’s learning of new skills or adaptive behaviour.
Consultation, Supervision, and Teaching
Authors: Nezu Christine Maguth , Martell Christopher R. , Nezu Arthur M.
Published: February 2016

Chapter 8 provides cognitive and behavioural specialists with important heuristics that may increase the success of their consultation experience with regard to changing problematic behaviour in many different contexts, including mental health practice, hospitals and health promotion, courts, prisons, schools, public safety, and trauma relief. It also provides useful information for cognitive and behavioural specialists concerning training, supervision, and teaching activities.
Professional Identification
Authors: Nezu Christine Maguth , Martell Christopher R. , Nezu Arthur M.
Published: February 2016

Chapter 12 provides a bridge between the specialty’s early years and its current practice, and the evolution of cognitive behavioural psychology as a specialty over the past 75 years. It focuses on a shift from a mechanistic to more holistic approach, and offers suggestions for participation in various organizations and activities that contribute to the experience of maintaining competence through life-long learning and peer interaction.
Introduction to Counseling Psychology and to the Current Volume
Authors: Fuertes Jairo N. , Spokane Arnold R. , Holloway Elizabeth
Published: February 2016

Chapter 1 provides a formal definition of counseling psychology, citing various though similar definitions that are found on the Web sites of professional organizations, including the Society of Counseling Psychology (Division 17 of the American Psychological Association) and the American Board of Counseling Psychology (the certifying board for counseling psychologists in the United States and Canada). It also offers five unifying themes whose interplay and complementary nature distinguish counseling psychology from other psychological specialties, the uniqueness of counseling psychology, a brief history of the specialty, the culture of competence, and the founding of the American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP).
Competence in Assessment and Case Conceptualization
Authors: Fuertes Jairo N. , Spokane Arnold R. , Holloway Elizabeth
Published: February 2016

Chapter 5 discusses how competency in assessment and case formulation are fundamental components of board certification for every psychological specialty, and how assessment, psychological testing, and case conceptualization are fundamental aspects of the professional practice of counseling psychology and complement treatment and intervention. Competency in each of these areas is judged in the examination for board certification in counseling psychology. In each case, culturally concordant and ethically appropriate practice is expected. It also covers a brief history of assessment and cultural context, culturally appropriate assessment, clinical vs. actuarial assessment, and diagnostic classifications.
Competence in Career and Vocational Psychology
Authors: Fuertes Jairo N. , Spokane Arnold R. , Holloway Elizabeth
Published: February 2016

Chapter 7 gives an overview of specific career and vocational intervention competencies, and the scientific base underlying capabilities in assessment, intervention, and consultation/prevention for work, career, and employment issues. It also covers how the pursuit of a comprehensive theory of career development that would strengthen the foundations of career intervention and counseling across cultural and subcultural groups will continue, as will research that seeks to design and implement more effective career interventions.
Competence in Consultation
Authors: Fuertes Jairo N. , Spokane Arnold R. , Holloway Elizabeth
Published: February 2016

Chapter 9 focuses on organizational consulting psychology (OCP) as a competency-based practice within the specialty of counseling psychology. It addresses the three primary areas of consultation practice relevant to counseling psychology: mental health, education, and business organizational consultation.
Competence in Research
Authors: Fuertes Jairo N. , Spokane Arnold R. , Holloway Elizabeth
Published: February 2016

Chapter 10 reviews the literature on professional competencies in research and discusses this competence in relation to counseling psychology. It presents brief examples of the research competencies that have been proposed for professional competence, and discusses research in a way that is consistent with the scope of professional practice and inquiry in counseling psychology. It covers areas in counseling psychology where research activity has been particularly strong, and reviews methodologies that have been used by counseling psychologists in research over the past several decades.
Professional Practice of Clinical Neuropsychology
Authors: Lamberty Greg J. , Nelson Nathaniel W.
Published: February 2016

Chapter 2 provides a description of organizations and events that have been central to promoting the field and developing definitions and guidelines for clinical practice in clinical neuropsychology, as well as various historical milestones in clinical neuropsychology. It includes information on the International Neuropsychological Society (INS), American Psychological Association: Division 40 — Clinical Neuropsychology, The Houston Conference, the APA Committee for the Recognition of Specialties and Proficiencies in Professional Psychology (APA CRSPPP), the National Academy of Neuropsychology (NAN), and the practice of neuropsychology from the consumer’s perspective (the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology (AACN) and the American Board of Clinical Neuropsychology (ABCN)). It also discusses the problems addressed and populations served by clinical neuropsychologists, as well as sub-specialization within the field.
The Neuropsychological Evaluation Report
Authors: Lamberty Greg J. , Nelson Nathaniel W.
Published: February 2016

Chapter 5 discusses in detail how some of the general guidelines that inform case conceptualization and formulation in the neuropsychological evaluation may be effectively applied in clinical practice, specifically through the medium of report writing, and provides a relatively brief overview of elements included in clinical neuropsychological report writing.
Ethical Standards of Practice in Neuropsychology
Authors: Lamberty Greg J. , Nelson Nathaniel W.
Published: February 2016

Chapter 7 explores some of the more commonly encountered ethical issues that may arise during neuropsychological evaluation, including informed consent, test and measurement selection, cultural and diversity issues, release of information, the patient report, and feedback. Topics are presented across three chronological phases: pre-evaluation, evaluation proper, and post-evaluation.
Treatment for Children with Selective Mutism
Authors: Bergman R. Lindsey
Published: February 2016

Treatment for Children with Selective Mutism outlines the sequence and essential elements to guide clinicians through a comprehensive, integrated program for young children who display symptoms of SM. It explains how this approach utilizes behavioral interventions targeting gradual increases in speaking across settings in which the child initially has difficulty. The integrated nature of the therapy refers to the goal of incorporating input from the clinician with that from the parents and teacher, as well as others impacted by the lack of speech. Exposure exercises are based on behavioral techniques such as stimulus fading, shaping, and systematic desensitization that also allow for a less intense or gradual exposure to the speaking situation. These techniques are combined and used flexibly with a behavioral reward system for participation in treatment.
Introductory Information for Therapists
Authors: Bergman R. Lindsey
Published: February 2016

Chapter 1 contains background information for the therapist and introduces the purpose of the program. Information about the disorder is presented including a description of the phenomenology, prevalence, course, and diagnostic criteria for the disorder. The development and evidence base for the treatment program are described with data presented. The behavioral conceptualization of selective mutism and the resulting treatment model are presented along with a description of other possible treatments, including psychotropic medication. The outline of the program, 20 sessions delivered over 24 weeks is presented with the key features (construction of hierarchy, exposure exercises, parental and teacher participation, transfer of control model, and out of session assignments) described in further detail.
Pretreatment Assessment and Psychoeducation (Parent-Only Session)
Authors: Bergman R. Lindsey
Published: February 2016

Chapter 2 outlines the pretreatment assessment and psychoeducation session for parents, which includes assessment of speaking behaviors, assessment of social anxiety, phenomenology of selective mutism, the nature of avoidance, and an overview of the treatment program and homework assignments.
Session 3: Class Chart, Talking Ladder, Exposure Practice
Authors: Bergman R. Lindsey
Published: February 2016

Chapter 5 discusses the third session of treatment, further discussion about talking with peers and development of the talking ladder. In-session exposures are introduced, and behavioral exposures are discussed, as well as out-of-session exposure tasks.
Sessions 4–9: Intial Exposure Sessions
Authors: Bergman R. Lindsey
Published: February 2016

Chapter 6 explores the content of sessions four to nine of the treatment program, including homework tasks, in-session behavioral exposures, and out-of-session exposure tasks.
Session 10: Treatment Midpoint Session
Authors: Bergman R. Lindsey
Published: February 2016

Chapter 7 outlines the tenth session of treatment, and reviews progress that the child has made to date, troubleshoots obstacles that may be causing lack of progress, and begins to involve the child's teacher in out-of-session exposure tasks.
Additional Treatment Considerations
Authors: Bergman R. Lindsey
Published: February 2016

Chapter 13 details additional treatment considerations, such as working with teachers, adaptations for older children, comorbidity, and psychotropic medication.
Access and organization: putting low intensity interventions to work in clinical services
Authors: Richards David A.
Published: February 2016

Chapter 2 unpacks the term ‘access’, suggesting that it has six interlinked components—availability, utilization, effectiveness, equity, efficiency, and patient-centredness—that need to be satisfied if access is to be increased and setting out key strategies for improvement. These include providing cost-effective forms of CBT (low intensity), organizing systems so that they function more effectively (stepped care, collaborative care), routinely measuring outcomes, and providing a clear rationale for clinical decision making. These strategies are now encapsulated in the English Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) initiative.
Low intensity CBT assessment: in person or by phone
Authors: Farrand Paul , Williams Chris
Published: February 2016

Chapter 6 reviews an approach to undertaking a LI face-to-face or telephone assessment that forms the basis of the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) programme in England and the Five Areas approach in Scotland. Interestingly, whilst the assessment method in IAPT and Five Areas differs in several respects (e.g. the formulation model), the chapter establishes the many common features that form the basis of a standard LI approach to face-to-face and telephone assessment. In particular, the chapter presents LI assessment as a structured, and in many ways prescribed, process that aims to help the LI practitioner and the patient reach a shared decision regarding next steps.
Matching clients to CBT self-help resources
Authors: Martinez Rebeca , Williams Chris
Published: February 2016

Chapter 9 addresses the range of factors that may inform shared decision making following assessment. Several of these draw upon the current evidence base surrounding the type of mental health difficulty for which self-help CBT is effective, and echo conclusions reached within other chapters in this title and, at times, challenge current thinking concerning LI working. This highlights how there is still much to learn regarding the application of the LI approach, which will hopefully stimulate further research and development in this area.
Collaborative care: the effective organization of treatment for depression
Authors: Richards David A.
Published: February 2016

Chapter 10 highlights the basis of the collaborative care case management system within which the LI clinical method is based. The LI practitioner serves as the fulcrum within the collaborative care approach, maintaining contact and feeding back information about patient treatment and progress to both primary care clinicians and mental health specialists involved in their care. One of the people directly involved in patient care within the collaborative care approach is the LI practitioner’s clinical case management supervisor.
Supervising low intensity workers in high volume clinical environments
Authors: Richards David A.
Published: February 2016

Chapter 11 discusses the role and function of the LI case management supervisor, stressing how this form of supervision places the patient, not the worker, at the centre of the process. In this respect, Richards’ chapters mirror all the other chapters in this section: patient-centredness is a defining feature.
Problem solving as a low intensity intervention
Authors: Mynors-Wallis Laurence , Lau Mark A.
Published: February 2016

Chapter 13 focuses on PST, a relatively simple and brief treatment that emphasizes the value of between-session homework and evaluating progress, can be considered a LI treatment for depression. This chapter briefly describes the evidence base supporting the use of PST, how to do PST for depression, and review some of the challenges and potential solutions in delivering PST.
Using low intensity interventions in the treatment of anxiety disorders
Authors: Titov Nickolai , Andrews Gavin , McEvoy Peter
Published: February 2016

Chapter 15 describes key issues in using low intensity (LI) cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) interventions for anxiety disorders. Treatment protocols for anxiety disorders were originally developed for high intensity (HI) interventions, which unlike LI interventions, traditionally involve high levels of therapist contact and are usually presented via a face-to-face format. It is therefore important to identify how best to modify treatment protocols for effective and acceptable use in LI interventions, which involve limited therapist contact and may be administered remotely.
Turn on, tune in and (don’t) drop out: engagement, adherence, attrition, and alliance with internet-based interventions
Authors: Cavanagh Kate
Published: February 2016

Chapter 21 explores client engagement and the reasons why clients may or may not take up an internet intervention. Typically, engagement is affected by an interplay of factors associated with the intervention itself (such as its attractiveness and ease of navigation), as well as aspects specific to the individual client, such as his/her expectations about the benefits of the program and perceptions about the time, effort, skill level, and financial cost that will be involved in using it. This chapter recommends that, in order to facilitate engagement, LI practitioners should explore clients’ views about receiving treatment via the internet and address any concerns that they may have. Once clients are engaged, the next important step is to promote adherence to and completion of the LI internet intervention. Evidence suggests that brief weekly support increases adherence and completion of online treatments.
Internet-based mental health screening
Authors: Donker Tara , Van Straten Annemieke , Cuijpers Pim
Published: February 2016

Chapter 23 outlines the advantages of conducting such screening online, including its time and cost efficiency, as well as its enhanced ability to reach clients who otherwise might not gain access, and offers practical advice about the manner in which online screening can be carried out and a set of characteristics that LI practitioners can check, such as the provenance and security of screening websites.
Standards and operating guidelines for internet interventions
Authors: Whitehead Lisa , Proudfoot Judy
Published: February 2016

Chapter 24 proposes a set of criteria against which an LI practitioner can assess the quality of an internet intervention and ascertain its suitability for their clients. The standards cover issues such as the relevance of the intervention to the client group, the effectiveness of the intervention, ethical issues and safeguards, and web site design and navigation. In addition to providing quality standards, the criteria serve as a set of best-practice operating guidelines for LI practitioners to follow in the delivery of internet mental health programs.
Supporting low intensity interventions using the telephone
Authors: Lovell Karina
Published: February 2016

Chapter 27 discusses LI interventions using the telephone, and aims to provide the rationale, evidence base, challenges, solutions and practical application of delivering low intensity psychological (mainly cognitive behavioural therapy) interventions by telephone.
Use of short message service (SMS)-based interventions to enhance low intensity CBT
Authors: Shapiro Jennifer R. , Bauer Stephanie
Published: February 2016

Chapter 28 focuses on the use of SMS for self-monitoring and treatment enhancement within cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). At the present time, there is little research on the use of SMS to support treatment for anxiety and depression, so the examples in this chapter are largely drawn from treatment of other disorders. However, some of these applications (e.g. for self-monitoring and relapse prevention) could have value for people with depression and anxiety as well. Recent programs will be described as well as the benefits and limitations of SMS.
Online mutual support bulletin boards
Authors: Griffiths Kathleen M. , Reynolds Julia
Published: February 2016

Chapter 30 aims to provide information about online mutual support bulletin boards as an adjunct to cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). It is intended to assist those practitioners whose clients use or may use bulletin boards in the future, and to provide information for practitioners considering establishing their own bulletin boards as an adjunct to their CBT practice
Low intensity CBT by mail
Authors: Kavanagh David J. , Connolly Jennifer , White Angela , Kelly Amy , Parr Jan
Published: February 2016

Chapter 31 discusses a relatively low-technology approach to access using standard postal services—CBT by mail, or M-CBT. Bibliotherapies including M-CBT teach key concepts and self-management techniques, together with screening tools and forms to structure home practice. M-CBT differs from other bibliotherapies by segmenting interventions and mailing them at regular intervals.
Will you follow while they lead? Introducing a patient-led approach to low intensity CBT interventions
Authors: Carey Timothy A.
Published: February 2016

Chapter 34 addresses the issue of how therapy is delivered, and suggests that patient-led treatment is a low intensity (LI) approach, which can dramatically improve the access, efficiency, and effectiveness of mental health services.
Low intensity CBT interventions by general practitioners
Authors: David Lee
Published: February 2016

Chapter 36 looks at the ways that GPs and other primary care health professionals can use a LI CBT intervention within their existing practice. The nature of GP-patient relationships offers a unique opportunity for implementing CBT-based approaches in ‘bite-sized’ chunks to a large group of patients. This includes patients who may not wish to attend ‘formal’ therapy, as well as those on waiting lists or experiencing relapses of symptoms following standard CBT interventions. LI CBT can be used as an alternative or in addition to prescribing medication
Adapting low intensity CBT interventions for clients with severe mental illness
Authors: Deane Frank P. , Kavanagh David J.
Published: February 2016

Chapter 37 discusses the adaptation of low intensity CBT interventions for clients with severe mental illness and argues that low intensity cognitive behavioural therapy (e.g. for depression, anxiety, or other issues) is applicable to these clients, and that LI CBT can be consistent with long-term case management.
Internet-delivered prevention for anxiety and depression disorders in adults
Authors: Marian Tahlee , Kenardy Justin
Published: February 2016

Chapter 39 describes how the Internet can circumvent barriers to group prevention programs (such as the requirement of trained presenters, scheduling, and logistics) and provides evidence of the effectiveness of the Internet in delivering prevention interventions for depression and anxiety. They also discuss methods for increasing adherence to, retention on, and dissemination of such sites.
Low intensity targeted group prevention of depression in adolescents and children
Authors: Clarke Greg
Published: February 2016

Chapter 40 examines prevention programs that focused on childhood and adolescence and describes effective, group-based, CBT depression prevention programs for at-risk adolescents and children, and provides tips on locating course materials on the Internet and provides valuable insights into how to implement them.
Internet-based anxiety and depression prevention programs for children and adolescents
Authors: Calear Alison L. , Christensen Helen , Griffiths Kathleen M.
Published: February 2016

Chapter 41 focuses on the delivery of depression and anxiety prevention programs to children and adolescents via the Internet. Based on the experience of the authors, this chapter contains important practical tips for implementing such programs in school and primary health care settings.
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy: a low intensity group program to prevent depressive relapse
Authors: Lau Mark A.
Published: February 2016

Chapter 43 is concerned with preventing the recurrence of depression. This intervention coincides with the maintenance phase in the IOM spectrum of care. This chapter describes the use of a LI group program based on Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and provides the rationale behind MCBT, the session structure and content of an MCBT program, and the evidence of its effectiveness, concluding by discussing the potential of MCBT programs to be delivered in alternative formats such as via the telephone or internet.
Training depression case managers
Authors: Ekers David
Published: February 2016

Chapter 45 focuses on the training of depression case managers (DCMs). Challenges and potential solutions to the use of DCMs are considered, as well as the training process for DCMs.
Training general practitioners to prescribe depression self-management
Authors: Bilsker Dan , Goldner Elliot
Published: February 2016

Chapter 48 discusses barriers to the dissemination of SSM in primary mental health care and a strategy, based on cognitive behavioural principles that can help to overcome these barriers.
Training clinicians online to be e-therapists: the ‘Anxiety Online’ model
Authors: Austin David , Klein Britt , Shandley Kerrie , Ciechomski Lisa
Published: February 2016

Chapter 49 considers Anxiety Online - a 'virtual' online clinical assessment and treatment service, and describes an online clinician training program for online low intensity practitioners (‘etherapists’) to work ‘in’ the Anxiety Online virtual clinic, and the challenges and solutions involved.
From classroom to ‘shop floor’: challenges faced as a low intensity practitioner
Authors: Telford Jillian , Wilson Rea
Published: February 2016

Chapter 50 addresses some of the challenges of the role, and offers some solutions ‘from the shop floor’. There are many ways in which our roles have been rewarding. However, for this chapter, we have purposely focused on some of the ‘challenges’ we have faced so that other practitioners, supervisors, and managers can avoid common pitfalls. We conclude by suggesting a few tips that we have found helpful in supporting our practice as LI practitioners.
Implementing low intensity interventions: what governments want and why
Authors: McMahon Alex
Published: February 2016

Chapter 52 focuses on the approach taken through government policy in the context of the national health service (NHS) in Scotland, towards driving change in mental health services. Scotland is seen by other nations as a world leader in the area of mental health policy, legislation and service change. With reference to the ‘Scottish experience’, the key question being addressed in this chapter is: ‘Having identified that change needed to be made, how can government best support and measure delivery?'