bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE LIMITS OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF LEGAL RESTRICTIONS IN THE OFFICIAL ACTIVITIES OF POLICE OFFICERS
Authors: Shkepast Mariya
Published: June 2023

The article reveals the special legal status of a police officer and the concept of "legal restrictions", analyzes the limits of restrictions of rights and freedoms established by law in relation to police officers, and also examines legal restrictions acting as a regulator of the sphere of public administration and the exercise of public power, the article examines in detail the requirements of anti-corruption legislation as a form of regulation of public power.
Firms’ ecosystems: Developing a research programme
Authors: Popov Evgeny
Published: June 2023

Managing a firm’s external environment involves considering not only relationships with economic partners, but also the influence of various elements of its ecosystem. In the article, we develop stages and methods for assessing the formation of an ecosystem based on a scientific review. The theoretical framework of the study is institutional economics and the concept of ecosystem. The method of system logical analysis was used. The research data are retrieved from scientific papers indexed in the global databases Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus in 2015–2022. Having analyzed the existing literature, we formulated the definition of a firm’s sustainable ecosystem interpreted as the external environment of a business entity with a comprehensive set of infrastructure elements, stable network interactions, the extensive use of digital technologies, the essential institutional support, and optimal transaction costs. In the formation of a firm’s sustainable ecosystem, there are five stages providing for the development of infrastructural, network, digital, institutional, and financial parameters of this system. These factors ensure the benefits of a sustainable ecosystem consisting in diverse economic activities, strong relationships, fast decision-making, stable strategic development, and reduced costs for maintaining the ecosystem. The novelty of the study lies in the systematization of the stages and methods for the formation of a firm’s sustainable ecosystem based on institutional economics, which adds to the existing methods for assessing business ecosystems. We have highlighted the avenues for further studies on expanding the toolkit for evaluating various aspects of a firm’s ecosystem functioning.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Mulsa Plastik Bawah Tanah terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Empat Varietas Kedelai
Authors: Ajmilatunnisa  , Sulistyono Eko , Kusumo Yudiwanti Wahyu Endro
Published: June 2023

Kedelai merupakan salah satu komoditas pangan penting yang dapat diolah menjadi tahu, tempe, susu kedelai, dan kecap. Peningkatan produksi kedelai dapat dilakukan dengan perluasan areal tanam dan peningkatan produktivitas. Peningkatan produktivitas dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian air yang cukup bagi tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan informasi mengenai pengaruh mulsa plastik bawah yang dipasang dibawah permukaan tanah terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi empat varietas kedelai. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan IPB Sawah Baru dari bulan Januari hingga Mei 2021. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan petak terbagi dengan tiga ulangan. Petak utama yaitu perlakuan mulsa plastik bawah tanah dan tanpa mulsa plastik bawah tanah dan anak petak yaitu kedelai varietas Detam-1, Gepak Kuning, Grobogan, dan Anjasmoro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan mulsa plastik bawah tanah dapat meningkatkan kelembapan tanah, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun trifoliate, jumlah cabang, dan indeks luas daun. Gepak Kuning merupakan varietas yang menghasilkan jumlah polong, jumlah polong isi, jumlah biji, jumlah biji per polong, dan produksi riil (3,43 ton ha-1) yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan varietas lainnya yaitu 2.53; 2.74; 2.58 ton ha-1 masing-masing untuk Detam-1, Grobogan and Anjasmoro. Detam-1 memiliki jumlah polong hampa, persen polong hampa, bobot basah polong hampa, dan evapotranspirasi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan varietas lainnya. Anjasmoro dan Gepak Kuning memiliki nilai efisiensi pemakaian air yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dua varietas lain. Tidak ada pengaruh pemberian mulsa terhadap produktivitas kedelai yang dicoba. Pemberian mulsa di bawah tanah hanya memperbaiki pertumbuhan vegetaif tanaman saja.

Kata kunci: gepak kuning, indeks luas daun, kelembapan
Keragaman Karakter Agronomi Populasi M2 Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)
Authors: Tania Devi , Marwiyah Siti , Sutjahjo Surjono Hadi
Published: June 2023

Induksi mutasi fisik dengan iradiasi sinar gama merupakan salah satu pendekatan untuk meningkatkan keragaman genetik sehingga mendukung proses seleksi dalam program pemuliaan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan informasi keragaman karakter agronomi dan seleksi populasi kacang hijau M2 VR10. Pengujian populasi M2 VR10 hasil iradiasi sinar gama 880 Gy dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo IPB pada Februari hingga Juni 2018. Sebanyak 480 tanaman M2 dan 120 tanaman M0 (VR10) sebagai kontrol ditanam bersamaan. Populasi M2 VR10 menunjukkan keragaman karakter warna hipokotil, pertumbuhan daun pertama, keberadaan warna antosianin serta trikoma pada batang dan tangkai daun, bentuk biji, warna biji, dan kekilapan biji. Keragaman genetik berdasarkan nilai heritabilitas tergolong tinggi (50.7-93.0%), teridentifikasi pada karakter tinggi tanaman (saat berbunga, panen pertama, panen terakhir), umur berbunga, umur panen (panen pertama, panen terakhir), periode panen, bobot polong total, jumlah biji per polong, jumlah polong total, dan panjang polong. Seleksi karakter periode panen berdasarkan frekuensi seleksi 10% menghasilkan 46 genotipe M2-VR10 dengan periode panen 13-31 hari dan memberikan diferensial seleksi -2.99.

Kata kunci: frekuensi seleksi, heritabilitas, M0, periode panen, seleksi diferensial
Pengelolaan Pemetikan Tanaman Teh (Camellia sinensis (L.). O. Kuntze) di Wonosobo, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Salimah Sarah Najma , Junaedi Ahmad , Sudradjat
Published: June 2023

Teh merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan yang berperan penting dalam perekonomian Indonesia sebagai sumber devisa dari kegiatan ekspor. Pemetikan merupakan kegiatan pemanenan hasil dari tanaman teh yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas dan kuantitas pucuk. Penelitian bertujuan mempelajari dan menganalisis pengelolaan pemetikan tanaman teh yang dilakukan pekerja dibanding standar yang dimiliki perusahaan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Wonosobo, Jawa Tengah pada bulan Januari – Maret 2020. Percobaan disusun menggunakan uji t berpasangan dengan membandingkan umur tanaman terhadap mutu hasil petik tanaman teh. Hasil pengamatan menunjukan bahwa tinggi bidang petik, diameter bidang petik, tinggi jendangan, gilir petik, analisis pucuk, dan kapasitas pemetik telah memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan. Hasil analisis petik menunjukan perlu adanya peningkatan dalam teknik pemetikan di lapangan agar kualitas pucuk memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan. Kapasitas pemetik tidak dipengaruhi oleh usia dan lama kerja pemetik.

Kata kunci: daun pemeliharaan, gilir petik, kapasitas pemetik
MEMETAKAN RISIKO UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN BISNIS PADA UKM DI KOTA PADANG
Authors: Fitri Imelia Desika , Marwah Latifah , Geani Veronika , Widiastuty Erna , TD Ika Sari Wahyuni , Febrianto Rahmat
Published: June 2023

Bisnis kopi menjadi usaha bisnis yang menjanjikan karena minum kopi telah menjadi gaya hidup. Semakin meningkatnya peminat kopi menyebabkan semakin banyaknya kedai kopi. Persaingan bisnis maupun ketidakpastian di masa depan menjadi perhatian penting karena berkaitan dengan risiko. Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah melakukan pemetaan terhadap risiko untuk mengendalikan bisnis. Metode yang dilakukan adalah observasi, wawancara, dan konsultasi. Hasilnya adalah UKM perlu melakukan pemetaan risikonya secara berkala. Tujuan pemetaan risiko adalah untuk perbaikan saat ini dan merumuskan strategi di masa depan.
PENGEMBANGAN POTENSI WIRAUSAHA MELALUI PRODUK FROZEN FOOD DARI OLAHAN DAGING AYAM DI LINGKUNGAN KARANG PANAS KECAMATAN AMPENAN KOTA MATARAM
Authors: Lenap Indria , Karim Nina Karina , Sasanti Elin Erlina
Published: June 2023

Peluang usaha frozen food di masa pandemi Covid-19, khususnya saat pemberlakuan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) sangat besar. Hal ini dikarenakan tren baru dalam pola konsumsi di masyarakat yang secara perlahan beralih ke makanan yang cepat dan mudah disajikan serta dapat bertahan walaupun disimpan dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Beberapa diantaranya adalah makanan jenis nugget, daging olahan dan frozen food. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk mengajarkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan membuat berbagai kreasi frozen food dari daging ayam pada Kelompok Ibu Rumah Tangga di lingkungan Karang Panas. Kegiatan ini dimulai dengan penjelasan tentang proses pembuatan nugget ayam dan gyoza dari persiapan bahan sampai penyajian lalu dilanjutkan ke sesi praktik yaitu urutan pembuatan frozen food mulai dari pemilihan dan penyiapan daging ayam serta bahan lainnya, pencetakan menggunakan loyang, pelapisan menggunakan tepung lalu penggorengan awal serta pembekuan. Berdasarkan hasil observasi pasca kegiatan, Tim pengabdian memperoleh informasi bahwa beberapa dari peserta sudah mencoba mempraktekkan sendiri pembuatan Nugget maupun Gyoza. Hasilnya adalah sebagian sudah berhasil membuat Nugget maupun Gyoza, namun beberapa diantaranya belum memperoleh hasil maksimal. Walaupun hasilnya belum maksimal. Tetapi, hal ini menjadi awal yang baik untuk proses pembelajaran dan sebagai upaya awal untuk dapat berkembang menghasilkan kreasi produk frozen food yang dapat dipasarkan dan memberi manfaat ekonomi kedepannya.
Keanekaragaman Jenis Serangga di Taman Singha Merjosari Kota Malang
Authors: Safitri Alfa , Rizky Fitriya Nur , Husna Ihda Maf’ulatul , Pranata Ivandra Bagus , Hidayatullah Moh. Arif Nur , Maulana Muhammad Rizal , Fardhani Indra
Published: June 2023

Serangga adalah kelompok makhluk hidup yang mempunyai jumlah spesies terbanyak. Serangga ini berperan penting dalam rantai makanan pada suatu ekosistem. Penelitian ini mengkaji keragaman jenis serangga yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman jenis serangga yang terdapat di Taman Singha Merjosari Kota Malang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada hari Senin, 7 November 2022.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi cara mengumpulkan datanya dengan cara pengamatan secara langsung. Metode ini digunakan sebagai pengamatan terhadap objek penelitian khususnya pada fokus masalah yang diteliti. Data yang diperoleh berupa jumlah spesies dan ciri morfologi tubuh dari spesies serangga. Hasil penelitian terdapat enam spesies serangga yang ditemukan dengan morfologi tubuh yang berbeda-beda. Ciri khusus serangga tubuhnya terbagi menjadi tiga bagian utama yaitu kepala (Caput), dada (Thorax) dan perut (Abdomen). Pada umumnya serangga ini mempunyai fungsi untuk membantu penyerbukan atau pembuahan bunga, sebagai dekomposer atau pengurai, sebagai bioindikator lingkungan, sebagai penghasil bahan-bahan yang yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis yang tinggi seperti penghasil madu, bahan obat-obatan, sebagai pembersih dan penggembur tanah sehingga dapat ditemukan persebarannya di area sekitar Taman Singha Merjosari Kota Malang (Aswir & Misbah, 2018).
Mnagement of brown spot diseases of rice by Drechslera oryzae
Authors:   Dept.of Plant Pathology, Rajendra Agricultural university Bihar, Pusa - 848 125, R.S SINGH , SINGH SIDH NATH ,   Dept.of Plant Pathology, Rajendra Agricultural university Bihar, Pusa - 848 125, B.P YADAV ,   Dept.of Plant Pathology, Rajendra Agricultural university Bihar, Pusa - 848 125
Published: June 2023

Date of sowing has profound effect on the development of brown spot disease and yield of rice. Crop sown on 15th May recorded maximum yield 5050 kg ha with minimum build up of disease severity 4.5 per cent. Contrary to this, late sown crop yielded the least (2896 kg ha'') with maximum disease severity of 21.1 per cent. Out of 157 varieties/entries screened against brown spot disease of rice, only 2 entries IET 13818 (OR 165-97-15) and IET 13830 (Rewa 14-174) showed highly resistant reaction and others were categorised as resistant, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible, susceptible and highly susceptible
Mechanisms of resistance in rice, Oryza sativa L. against the brown planthopper; Nilaparvata lugens Stal. (Homoptera: Delphacidae)
Authors:   Dept of Agricultural Entomology and Nematology,Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agrl.and Research Institute, Karaikal 609 603., D ADIROUBANE , S LETCHOUMANANE ,   Dept of Agricultural Entomology and Nematology,Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agrl.and Research Institute, Karaikal 609 603.
Published: June 2023

The levels of mechanism of resistance such as antixenosis (host preference) and antibiosis against brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stal was studied in certain resistant accessions under laboratory. conditions. The levels of resistance were found to be varying in different resistance parameters in the tested accessions. However comparatively less honey dew excretion, low food ingestion and assimilation, decreased nymphal survival, increased nymphal duration, high growth index and reduction life span were recorded in all resistant accessions than the susceptible TN1.
O ESTADO DA ARTE SOBRE POLÍTICAS DE AÇÕES AFIRMATIVAS E ESTUDANTES COTISTAS
Authors: Novaes Edmarcius Carvalho , Portugal Adriana Mara Pimentel Maia , Coelho Adriana de Oliveira Leite , Silva Sara Edwirgens Barros , Moura Sabrina Neves
Published: June 2023

Este trabalho tem por objetivo identificar como teses e dissertações que abordam políticas de ações afirmativas no ensino superior relatam a vivência de estudantes cotistas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa d
DECISÕES JUDICIAIS FRENTE ÀS RECUSAS DE EFETIVAÇÃO DO DIREITO À SAÚDE DOS PACIENTES COM ESCLEROSE MÚLTIPLA
Authors: Soares Flavia Dantas , Amado Marcela do Amaral Barreto de Jesus , Oliveira Renata do Amaral Barreto de Jesus de , Cunha Cleber da Cruz
Published: June 2023

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar decisões judiciais do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (TJRJ), tendo por objeto requisições relacionadas as necessidades diagnósticas e ter
Aplicação de indicadores perceptivos para análise das paisagens cênicas do trajeto em o distrito de Taquaruçú e Palmas -TO
Authors: Camargo Márcia da Costa Rodrigues de
Published: June 2023

A conservação das paisagens cênicas como retratos vivos que contam a “história do
lugar”, sua diversidade ecológica e seus atributos naturais devem ser objetos de ações
controladas de manejo sustentável, buscando a sua maior integridade ambiental dentro de um
cenário atual e futuro (GRIFFITHY, 1995).
Com base em referências teóricas este trabalho se propõe a estudar as paisagens cênicas
como instrumentos importantes de análise para futuras ações, planos e projetos de
preservação do patrimônio das paisagens como referências históricas, culturais e ecológicas
de um lugar.
Neste contexto pretende-se discutir que um procedimento metodológico que considere
os valores estéticos derivados de uma análise perceptiva que possa mensurar a integridade das
paisagens evocando seus atributos estéticos em que possamos reconhecer como uma
experiência ambiental direta, intensa, deve ser incorporada aos usos de indicadores ecológicos
para caracterização de ecossistemas com vista ao seu manejo sustentável especialmente com
finalidade de uso do ecoturismo e para a implantação de áreas de preservação ambiental.
O uso de indicadores de percepção visual no estudo de caso: Trajeto entre Palmas e o
Distrito de Taquaurçú, buscou definir e analisar dentro do trecho da seqüência visual da Serra
do Carmo - Rodovia Joaquim Maracaípe/ TO-030, quais seriam as paisagens cênicas que
melhor expressariam os atributos naturais e estéticos que fizeram do Distrito de Taquaruçú,
um Pólo Eco-turístico e como as mesmas poderiam ser valoradas, visando a preservação
destas paisagens buscando assim a conservação da sua biodiversidade.
Como a discussão sobre manejo sustentável nos remete a buscar a compreensão sobre
diversidade ecológica o uso de dados ecológicos foi necessária para apreendermos a realidade
física das paisagens da Serra do Carmo do Distrito de Taquaruçú. Buscou-se assim
compreender como sua dinâmica ecológica se manifesta e controla a sobrevivência dos
ecossistemas que garantem a sua sobrevivência. Uma “leitura visual das paisagens cênicas”
através de sua valoração e análise justifica-se para que possa servir como parâmetro em
processos decisórios de implementação de políticas e projetos com uso de caráter científico,
recreativo e educativo, visando o seu desenvolvimento sustentável.
Amniotic Fluid Ischemia Modified Albumin as a Novel Prenatal Diagnostic Marker for Down Syndrome: A Prospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Suleyman Guven , Erhan Huseyin Comert , Emine Seda Guvendag Guven , Bulent Demir , Deniz Karcaaltincaba
Published: June 2023

Aims: There is no study in the literature about ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) levels in amniotic fluid for Down syndrome cases. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of IMA and HGF in Down syndrome cases at 16-20 weeks of gestation compared to normal fetuses. Methods: For this prospective case-control study, following reaching the number of 20 women (study group) who had the prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome, maternal and gestational age-matched pregnant women with normal constitutional karyotype were selected for the control group (n = 74) from the stored amniotic fluid samples. Results: Mean women and gestational ages were comparable between the two groups. Amniotic fluid IMA (1.32 ± 0.13 vs. 1.11 ± 0.11 ABSU, respectively, p < 0.001) and HGF (2743.53 ± 1389.28 vs. 2160.12 ± 654.63 pg/mL, respectively, p = 0.008). Levels were significantly higher in pregnant women having Down syndrome fetuses compared with women having normal fetuses. The amniotic fluid IMA levels for the diagnosis of Down syndrome, and the sensitivity and specificity were calculated as 95.0% and 71.6% for the limit value 1.171 cm3, respectively. Conclusion: In cases with suspected Down syndrome, the diagnosis of Down Syndrome may be made in approximately 1 hour with high sensitivity and specificity by measuring the IMA level in the amniotic fluid sample taken for fetal karyotyping.
El régimen de Alfredo Stroessner en Paraguay. Recopilación bibliográfica
Authors: Ciciolli Almada Hugo
Published: June 2023

El objetivo de este artículo consiste en la divulgación de una recopilación bibliográfica sobre el ex mandatario del Paraguay Alfredo Stroessner (Stroessner) y las implicancias de su régimen en la sociedad paraguaya. Por otra parte, su importancia yace en que es primordial una revisión en cuanto a la memoria histórica de los hechos que acontecieron durante el periodo de 1954 y 1989 teniendo en cuenta la grave violación de los derechos humanos cometidos en esa época.
EFFECT OF SHEAR FORCES ON MONOPANEL BEAM SPECIMENS
Authors: Al-Talqany Faris J.
Published: June 2023

A monopanel system is a new building material system of ferrocement that consists of two thin ferrocement block-like faces and a thick layer of low strength, density and cost polystyrene foam insulation between them as a core. The simple structural idealization of a monopanel system is that the core provides shear transfer between the faces that provide flexural and compression resistance. Transverse trusses made of steel bars having a diameter of 3.2 mm, which serve as tie reinforcement to prevent the thin ferrocement skins from local buckling, have been used in the present work. These transfer system consist of two longitudinal bars connected by inclined steel bar forming trusses shape making an angle equals to 60o with the longitudinal bars. The main object of this research is to present an experimental investigation on the behavior and load carrying capacity of monopanel beams. The experimental work includes testing nine monopanel beams, and has been investigated the effect of a different depths of monopanel beams on the behavior and the ultimate load capacity. Also comparison of these results with the ACI code formulations have been made.
AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO DIFFERENT AIRFOILS USING PANEL METHOD
Authors: Jasim Nabeel Mohammed
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a numerical investigation to analysis the potential flow over 2D airfoil, is carried out. The governing equation for potential flow is Laplace's equation, a widely studied linear partial differential equation. One of Green's theorem can be used to write a solution to Laplace's equation in a two-dimensional domain subjected to the Neumann boundary condition using Panel method. A computer program is developed by implementing a specific model using doublet panels of constant strength to compute the flow over a member of two different airfoil shapes (NACA0020 & NACA4412). The results are presented in terms of streamlines to show the behavior of the fluid flow for several values of angle of attack ( ). Also, pressure distribution, lift coefficient, pitching moment, and drag coefficient are calculated for the airfoils. The results show that the pressure distribution, lift coefficient, pitching moment, and drag coefficient are a strong function of the airfoil's geometry and the angle of attack. Also the peak value of the lift coefficient for NACA4412 is observed to occur at angle of attack of (10o) and its value is equal to (1.82), while its value is equal to (0.9) for NACA0020 at the same value of angle of attack. The numerical results of lift coefficient have been confirmed by comparing it with experimental and other numerical results. Good agreement was obtained.
EVALUATE AND RECTIFICATE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE SPIRAL PUMP OF THE HOLLY KARBALA SEWAGE TREATMENT STATION
Authors: Rashad Noor Aymen
Published: June 2023

This paper evaluates the performance of the primary spiral (Archimedes) screw pump in the old sewage treatment station of the holly Karbala. This paper evaluates the pump according to its volumetric flow rate, determines the problems, diagnoses the defects, and finds the solutions. In addition, the paper suggests the optimum design for the pump. The results show a big effect of the side profile, pitch, and radius of the torque tube upon the discharge of the pump.
Effect of adding alumina on the hardness and wear resistance of Mg-Al Alloy
Authors: علي العطار عقيل
Published: June 2023

Magnesium-Aluminum alloys considered specially Mg-6Al very important alloys in engineering applications, but this alloys have weakly wear resistance and low hardness, therefore, addition some materials such as (Al2O3) at (3%-4%-5%) weight percentage to improve the hardness and wear resistance. In this present research Mg-6Al was prepare as a master alloy then recast this alloy after adding (Al2O3) under argon gas in electrical furnace, then study the effect of this addition on the hardness and wear resistance of the master alloy.
Accuracy Improvement of points elevation located by space Intersection
Authors: عبد الحسين الحسيني حسن
Published: June 2023

This paper aim to create method to observe elevation of points, tower and structure that can’t be reach (or don’t be need to reach), this method depend on concept of space intersection where intersect two known direction vectors start from two known location points or can be located from simple computation. This paper discuss too accuracy improvement for points elevation observed by above method.
Viscoelastic Finite Element Technique for Computing Rutting of Asphalt Concrete Pavement Including Aging Factor
Authors: Abdulameer A.Hussain , Muhammed Montadher A.
Published: June 2023

Rutting is often responsible for premature maintenance and rehabilitation activities reducing service life of the pavement. Several finite element computer programs for analyzing flexible pavements have been developed over the years. Most of these programs (like ANSYS)did not take into consideration the effect of the aging factor on the behavior of viscoelastic asphalt concrete layer. The present work uses a displacement based finite element method to compute vertical compression strain and rutting depth for a flexible pavement system of three layers taking into consideration the aging (temperature) effect depending on Williams, Landel and Ferry (WLF) equation. Two popular tire/axle configurations with different tire pressure are investigated using the traditional approximate circular tire print. The results showed that the difference between the proposed technique and some other methods neglecting aging effect ranges from 5% to 15% while the difference between the proposed technique and linear elastic Pro-Engineer (version 4) program ranges from 10% to 17%.
SHEAR EFFECT ON THE ELASTIC CRITICAL BUCKLING LOAD OF NON-PRISMATIC COLUMNS
Authors: Nimnim Hayder T. , Al Fadul Manar
Published: June 2023

An analytical solution for determining the elastic critical buckling load for tapered members including shear effect are studied in this paper with different support conditions. The calculations are based on the exact stability function including shear effect for uniformly tapered beam-column having laced or battened build-up structural members, and approximate stability functions for a wide range of non-prismatic member including shear effect using the finite difference method. The modified stability functions for nonlinear tapered member including shear effect is also obtained in this paper by using the stability functions for a linearly tapered member in the form of modified shape factor ( ) and modified taper ratio (ū). Buckling of tapered columns is studied in many numerical examples. The results show that, inclusion the effect of shear deformation in the calculation of critical load can result in a significant reduction in the value of the critical load for both prismatic and non-prismatic laced columns. The effect of the shear is depending on the value of shear parameter µ2 and tapering ratio u. The average ratio of reduction is (63.315%) and (64.7 to 65) % for prismatic and non-prismatic laced columns respectively. In the structures having prismatic and non-prismatic solid columns, the effect of shear deformation can have a significant effect with the range of (32.42 to 56.78) % on the value of critical load.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AND MINIMIZATION OF (LMTD) OF A REFRIGATOR BY BALANCING COOLING WATER
Authors: Salih Selah M.
Published: June 2023

This work involves an experimental investigation of the refrigerator equipment. To complete of the study model, an inside and outside temperatures of refrigerant (R12) and cooling water through heat exchanger is assumed to be steady state flow. Special tables of refrigerant (R12) and cooling water are used to know properties at specified temperature , by using refrigeration system basically which work between two pressures, and specific enthalpy is one of the most useful properties which it is need in energy equation application to determine condenser and evaporator tube length of system , which takes as carefully to compression system design for giving temperature difference in cooling or heating systems. Also, tube length of condenser and evaporator are calculated (18 , 9) m respectively. A pressure - specific enthalpy or (p-h) chart of refrigerant R12 is depended on to determine specific enthalpy for each run at present pressure. This investigation is to study the influence of the volume flow rate of cooling water as range (2,4,6,and 8) liter /min which it supplies by control valve to the heat exchangers of system on logarithm mean temperature difference (LMTDe) and cooling coefficient of performance. Also, this work investigates the minimization of the (LMTDe) evaporator by using valve controlled of cooling water. The present results show that, the degree (LMTDe) is decrease as the volume flow rate of cooling water increasing then, due to increase of refrigerating effect at same time cooling coefficient of performance (COP)RF is increasing. Also, in the compression cooling system has been get temperature difference about(6)◦C. Comparison between the obtained experimental performance results and the previous theoretical work shows a good agreement with (±3.8) percentage.
NONLINEAR ANALYSIS OF HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE DEEP BEAMS BY USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
Authors: Abd al-Jawad Hayder Mahdi
Published: June 2023

In this paper, 4 high strength concrete deep beams were analyzed by nonlinear finite element method. The variables that considered in the investigation are shear-span to depth ratio, concrete strength (86-120 MPa). The investigation examines deep beam behavior and compares the analytical results with the ACI 318M-05(ACI318, 2005) and experimental results(Stephen et.al.,1996). In general, good agreement between the finite element and experimental results was obtained in this paper. The behavior of concrete in compression was simulated by an elasto-plastic work hardening model followed by a perfect plastic response, which was terminated at the onset of crushing. On the other hand, the behavior in tension is simulated by implementing a smeared crack model in connection with using a tension-stiffening model that account for the retained post-cracking stresses, and a shear retention model that modifies the shear modulus of rigidity as the crack widens. Several parametric studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of some important finite element and material parameters.
Microbiologically Influenced corrosion of Aluminum Alloy by Pseudomnas Aeruginosa Bacteria
Authors: Khulief Zuheir Talib
Published: June 2023

The aim of this paper was to study microbiologically influenced corrosion of aluminum alloy in the presence Pseudomnas aeruginosa bacteria. Control medium tap water (absence of Pseudomnas aeruginosa bacteria ) and medium with presence Pseudomnas aeruginosa bacteria used in this study. Tafel extrapolation ,weight loss method ,microstructure examination and surface roughness test were carried out to determine the microbiologically influenced corrosion behavior of aluminum alloy. Microbiological analyses, isolation and identification by using appearance factors and biochemical test for biofilm of corrosion product used in this study. Tafel extrapolation and weight loss method of aluminum alloy showed that the presence Pseudomnas aeruginosa bacteria caused corrosion and increasing corrosion current and rate of corrosion. Microstructure examination and surface roughness test showed that the presence Pseudomnas aeruginosa bacteria caused pitting corrosion. Microbiological analyses showed that biofilm are formed as micro colonies, which subsequently caused corrosion and shows the role of Pseudomnas aeruginosa bacteria in acceleration corrosion on aluminum alloy.
Effect of Adding (SBR) on Concrete Properties and Bond Between Old and New Concrete
Authors: Essa Mahdi Saleh , Abdul Amir Abeer Mohammed , Hassan Nada Flah
Published: June 2023

The effect of adding cempatch SBR ( Styrene- Butadiene – Rubber) emulsion to the following was studied: Cement mortar with different dosages of SBR ( 10 %, 25%, 35% ) by volume of water. Compressive strength of this mortar was tested at ages ( 7, 28, 60 ) days. Initial and final setting time were also recorded. SBR also added to concrete mix 1 : 2 : 4 with 0.45 water to cement ratio by weight, and SBR in dosages of ( 10 %, 2 5%, 35 % )by volume of water . Compressive strength in ages ( 7, 28, 60 ) days was tested, also absorption, slump loss with time and flexural strength were also measured. And SBR was also used as bonding mortar layer between old and new concrete layers, the compressive strength and flexural strength of bonded samples were tested. The results of adding SBR emulsion to cement mortar affects compressive strength negatively at all age. Initial and final setting time decrease with increasing the dosage of SBR. The using of SBR emulsion as admixture for concrete mix affects compressive strength negatively at early ages ( 7 days ) and positively at later ages. It also reduces; the absorption of concrete and slump loss with time and increase the flexural strength. The use of SBR as bonding layer showed increasing in compressive and flexural strength of the bonded samples compared with samples having old and new concrete without bond layer.
Austempering of DIN CK50 and DIN 62SiMnCr4 In Molten Lead Bath
Authors: Salim Raid Kadhim , Abood Adnan Naama , Awad Abbas Yass , Salih Omar Saad , Hama Barzan Akram
Published: June 2023

This work aims to study the ability of austempering DIN CK50 and DIN 62SiMnCr4 steels. Both steels were heated to austenitising temperature and then quenched in a molten metal bath (pure lead) at temperature below the nose of the TTT curves for both steels. Results showed that austempering at 350oC and 400oC for 30 and 15 minutes are the best for above steels respectively, where strength was increased. It was also shown that increasing holding (soaking) time decreases both hardness and strength and increasing elongation percentage. Microstructure examination showed that the majority of microstructures obtained from austempering vary from bainite and pearlite and ferrite for carbon steel to a mixture of bainite, retained austenite and martensite for the alloy steel.
PREDICATION OF SEDIMENT TRANSPORT In Al-ABBASYIA BARRAGE USING THE INVERSE MONITORING METHOD
Authors: Hobi Majid H.
Published: June 2023

Iraq hasthe two biggestrivers,Tigris and Euphrates. In the past few years, a considerable level drop in these rivers has been observed due to the reduction in upstream water flowrate.There are many problems concurrent with this droplike the movement of sediment and it'strapped. In recent years,the science of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has increasingly been used to investigate sediment transport problems in rivers and reservoirs. The current presentation will give examples of our research in this topic. First,the main numerical algorithms for water and sediment flow are briefly introduced. Then, thedata from the numerical model are compared with measurements (Verification). The second goal is more oriented towards fundamental research and involves idealized flow downstream barrage. Al Abbasyia barrage wasselected as a case study. It is located near Najaf governorateand controlled the discharges toward downstream land. This study present the new technique to predicate the sediment movement and its amount called Inverse Monitoring Method (IMM).The new method was depended on by monitoringthe downstream barrage(sediment movement and amount)to find the optimum operation runningin upstream. This study divided to two parts, first one was verification the model in this region and second one was predicate the amount of sediment for one year in study reach. The CFDmodel (Simulate Sediment Intake in Multi-block option) was used to do this study. This Model is new software produced by The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (Olsen, 2006). Al Abbasyia barrage consist of six radial steel gate.In each time the CFDmodel was simulatedone gate opening or in operation runningfor one year. That mean it has six casestosimulate the best gate. In this study found the best running gate to reduce the amount of the sediment in upstream was when used gate number four with 7.51×104 Ton thatmean 28127 m3as a volume if taken the field density 2670 kg/m3 in consideration.
IMPROVEMENT OF SELECTED PARTS OF BASRAH GOVERNORATE SOILS USING A MIXTURE OF CEMENT AND NOVOLAC POLYMER
Authors: Jasim Majeed A. , Chyad Fatima A. , Yaseen Dina A.
Published: June 2023

A weak clayey silt soils from Garmmat Ali and a sandy soil from AL-Nashoa region were used from different sites and depths and mixed with (0.2%,0.4%,0.6 w/W) of Novolac polymer with (2%,4%,6% w/W) of Cement to know the profitable amount of Novolac, and improving some of engineering properties of the soils that include: the plasticity and compacting. A noticeable improvement in the plasticity of these clayey soils as result of adding a mixture by the rise in their plastic limit, dry densities, lowering in their optimum moisture contents, and increase in tensile strengths as compared with crude soils. There are also an improve in treated sandy soil properties. The cost of using this polymer as a soil binder was reduced by about 50% as compared to the usual practice which involve removing the clayey silt soils and replace them by sand or other materials.
CALCULATION OF AVR PARAMETERS USING NEURAL NETWORK TO ENHANCE THE POWER SYSTEM STABILITY
Authors: Kadhem Basim Talib , Hasan Yasir Flayyih
Published: June 2023

In this paper a parameter optimization method using a neural network is suggested for finding the optimum control gains of a proportional deferential (PD) controller which it is used to control the excitation of the synchronous generator. In this work one PD controller and three D controllers has been used which it is mean five gains to be found which it is a very hard work to find it manually. The neural network has been used to automate the way in inding this gains which it was manually calculated until the desired plant output has been obtained. The controller gains which it is manually calculated has been compared with that calculated with neural network with MATLAB program and the performance has been simulated and compared.
STRENGTHENING AND REHABILITATION OF REINFORCEMENT CONCRETE SQUARE COLUMNS CONFINED WITH EXTERNAL STEEL COLLARS
Authors: Mosheer Khamail Abdul-Mahdi
Published: June 2023

Strengthening and rehabilitation by confinement technique of reinforced concrete columns was investigated. The columns were confined by external steel collars. Behavior and failure load of columns were experimentally investigated. Results show thatConfinement in concrete column has improved its strength and ductility. Effect of confined area, size of collar and compressive strength of concrete on strengthening was investigated .Confined areahad significanteffect on the failure loadfor strengthened specimens and had more effective on the failure load for repaired specimens. The confinment hadclearer effect with low compressive strength of concrete.The result show an increase in ultimate axial load reach to (12.36 –56.04%)for strengthening columns and (47.5 –96.7%)for reaparingcolumns
EVALUATION THE OPERATION OF A DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOIL
Authors: Omran Hassan Ali , Kareem Ibtisam Raheem , Hassan Riyam Sahib
Published: June 2023

Drip Irrigation Method is the best method that has been used in the world among the other irrigation methods because of its good and high uniformity. This method distributes water to the field using a pipe network and transforms it to the plant by emitters. In spite of the advantages of drip irrigation method, the system has many problems, such as the impact of soil type, silt and discharges distribution. To achieve the goals of using a drip irrigation system, it must be designed and operated properly so that rates and location of delivery of water to the root zone is suitable for crop requirements. Generally, the criterion for drip irrigation system operation is based on soil texture. Soil wetting is one of the most important parameters to determine the deep percolation rate and the efficiency of the system. Knowledge of soil wetting pattern and its movement plays a large role in deciding depth and spacing of pipes, design of irrigation scheduling and improving the efficiency of the drip irrigation system. The objective of this study is to develop an approach to operate the drip irrigation system in sandy and clay soils by a computerized method regarding the type of crops, its consumptive use, type of soil, frequency of irrigation and water distribution in the network .The study adopts two approaches as follows: The field work approach and the theoretical approach. In the field work approach, soil analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the soil which affect the soil quality as well as its suitability for growing plants are determined. For the theoretical approach the well known software CROPWAT is used for the calculation of crop water requirements and irrigation requirements depending on soil, climate and crop data. Measurements of the consumptive use, discharge, velocities, wetted soil width, wetted soil depth, frequency of irrigation for the two types of soil with silt content calculated. The designed discharge was found to be higher in clay soil than sand soil because it saves the water for a long time through a small area as it is little porous. Increasing silt rate for each type of soil, cause to increases the amount of irrigation water requirement. As the wetted soil width depends on emitter discharge and soil type, it will be increase with soils in high silty clay compared with the low silt and bigger as compared to sandy soils.
THE EFFECTS OF PARASITIC INDUCTANCE AND AIR- COOLING ON PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS (PCBS)
Authors: A.Ridha Amel , Mhiesan Haider Ghazi
Published: June 2023

There is a need to increase the speed of the power converters for many applications. Nevertheless, one of the limiting factors for power device performance is the parasitic inductances as the switching speed becomes higher. These parasitic inductances act as reaction elements that affect the switching process, and generate high voltage spikes across the PCB. In other words, the advantages of low parasitic inductances in PCB are offered best switching performance for high efficiency and minimizing conduction losses. In this paper the effect of the parasitic inductances for a synchronous buck converter has been analyzed. MATLAB simulations have been developed to show their effects on the performance of the synchronous buck converter. Furthermore, another MATLAB simulation has been built to show the thermal consideration. This simulation could predict the air cooling budget that the PCBs might need to reduce their operating temperatures.
HYBRID IMAGE DENOISING USING WIENER FILTER WITH DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM AND FRAMELET TRANSFORM
Authors: Sultan Nora Hussam
Published: June 2023

Removal of noise from an image is an essential part of image processing systems. In this paper  a hybrid denoising algorithm which combines spatial domain Wiener filter and thresholding function in the wavelet and framelet domain is done. In this work three algorithms are proposed. The first hybrid denoising algorithm using Wiener filter with 2-level discrete wavelet transform (DWT), the second algorithm its using Wiener filter with 2-level framelet transform (FLT) and the third hybrid denoising algorithm its combines wiener filter with 1-level wavelet transform then apply framelet transform on LL of wavelet transform. The Wiener filter is applied on the low frequency subband of the decomposed noisy image. This stage will tend to cancel or at least attenuate any residual low frequency noise component. Then thresholding detail high frequency subbands using thresholding function. This approach can be used for grayscale and color images. The simulation results show that the performance of the first proposed hybrid denoising algorithm with discrete wavelet transform (db5 type) is superior to that of the second and third proposed algorithms and to that of the conventional denoising approach at most of the test noisy image with Gaussian noise and Slat & pepper noise while the third proposed denoising algorithm with hybrid wavelet & framelet transform is superior to that of the other proposed algorithms at noisy images with speckle noise.
POSSIBILITY OF UTILIZING RECYCLED CONCRETE AGGREGATES IN HMA MIXTURE
Authors: Razzaq Ahlam K.
Published: June 2023

Environmental and economic considerations have encouraged civil engineers to find ways to reuse recycled materials in new constructions. The objective of this research was studying the possibility of utilizing recycled concrete RC in a surface course of hot mix asphalt HMA mixtures and evaluating the volumetric and mechanical properties of hot mix asphalt mixtures containing recycled concrete aggregates. For this purpose, the performance of HMA mixtures containing various percentages of RC has been evaluated based on experimental tests, such as Marshall Stability MS, Marshall flow, Marshall stiffness, and Indirect tensile strength ITS. 90 specimens contain 5% asphalt bitumen and RC in various percentages (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100%) were mixed with virgin crushed stone aggregates and compacted by using Marshall Compactor to produce HMA specimen then Marshall mix design method was used to measure the optimum RC content.The results of MS and flows slightly decreased with the addition of RC. Marshall stiffness values for 10 percent RC was higher than the Control Specimen CS and the others. ITS values decreased with increasing RC.A mixture without recycledconcrete RC and varies gradation of maximum size of ( 1/2,1, and 1/2) incheswas prepared as control mix to CM test the Marshall stability –flow , ITS, and temperature sensitivities properties of mixes with 58% ( optimum percent) of RC that is obtained from a mix design that was investigated in this study. Specimens showedslightly improvements in Marshall Stability, flow, and ITS as compared with CM.
FACTORS AFFECTING CONSTRUCTION LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY IN IRAQ USING BASRA CITY AS A CASE STUDY
Authors: J.Dakhil Ammar , M.Naji Zaher , K.Faleh Saddam
Published: June 2023

The construction industry has a multifaceted relationship with most sectors of the economy in all nations, as well as playing a vital role in social and economic development. One of the main factors that affect the development of the construction industry is labour productivity. The aim of this paper is to identify and rank the importance of the factors perceived in the literature to influence labour productivity in the Iraqi construction industry using Basra city as a case study. From the literature a total of 59 main factors were identified that may affect labour productivity on construction sites. These factors were classified into ten primary groups: (1) Managerial; (2) Environmental; (3) Manpower; (4) materials and equipment; (5) Schedule; (6) Safety; (7) Quality; (8) Motivation; (9) Technical; (10) External. The statistical analysis of these factors was prepared by using the Relative Importance Index (RII) and SPSS 23 programme. The grades obtained made it possible to assess the comparative importance of the factors as perceived by respondents.Â  The study provides comprehensive and explicit data for the construction contractors working in Iraq before providing the proposal for the bids taking in account the risks and the challenges mentioned in the study. Also it observed that the Iraqi government authority enforcement is essential to ensure that the construction labour productivity is fulfilled without losing in time and money. A structured questionnaire survey was sent to construction project managers, as a target group and the results showed in order to improve labour productivity in Basra city in particular and in Iraq in general. The results are show that the ten essential factors affect on construction labour productivity with different level of importance. In addition, all types of corruption must be considered to be serious problems affecting labour productivity.  Enforcement, conduct education and training for manpower by using new techniques are decreasing the difference between estimated and actual labour productivity.