bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH AUGMENTED REALITY BERBASIS WEB DENGAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TERHADAP SIKAP KONSERVASI PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Ratnasari Dwi , Mahrawi Mahrawi , Wahyuni Indria , Risdatika Vina
Published: November 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of using Web-based Augmented Reality media with a Problem Based Learning model on the conservation attitude of students in class X MIPA on Biodiversity Materials. The method used in this research is a quasi-experimental method. The research population was students of class X SMAN 4 Serang City and the samples used were four classes, namely class X MIA 1 and 3 as the experimental class and X MIA 2 and 4 as the control class. The sampling was done by using random sampling. The instrument used is a question of conservation attitudes. The data analysis technique used the independent sample t test. Results Based on the research, it was found that the results of hypothesis testing based on the independent sample test output table in the equal variance section were assumed to be known for the Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.00 and less than 0.05. It can be said that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, this shows that there is a significant effect between the use of web-based augmented reality media and problem-based learning models on the conservation attitude of students at SMAN 4 Serang City.
LATE POTTERY FROM THE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN TOMB OF NESEMNAU IN GIZA AND FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF THIEVES’ DEBRIS IN BURIAL SHAFTS
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of sciences (MOSCOW), Malykh Svetlana E.
Published: November 2022

The ancient Egyptian rock-cut tomb of Nesemnau in the north-eastern part of the Giza Necropolis was explored by the Russian Archaeological Mission of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS in 2015–2017 and 2020. Archaeological study of the three tomb shafts revealed repeated violation of the filling layers due to the numerous robberies; as a result, the original burials of the Old Kingdom were destroyed, and later pottery (827 out of 2602 ceramic samples) and artifacts entered these complexes. Pottery analysis dating from the New Kingdom to the beginning of the 20th century allows speculating on the formation of thieves’ debris in the burial shafts of this tomb. Obtained data indicates repeated human intervention into the tomb, occurring apparently in the Late Period (possibly in order to create secondary burials), in Ptolemaic and Byzantine times, in the Middle Ages and in Modern times (during the robbery). Fragments from the same vessels are present in the fillings of all the shafts in Nesemnau’s tomb; therefore, they ended in these burial complexes at the same time as a result of the one and the same group of robbers’ activities. The latest ceramic fragments belonging to the zir-jars of the 19th — early 20th centuries indicate terminus ante quem of plundering. It is probable that the increase of tourism and the beginning of large-scale archaeological excavations in Giza Necropolis at that time intensified the thieves’ activity at the ancient site.
NORTH AFGHANISTAN COLONIZATION AND ENGLISH BOUNDARY COMMISSION
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of sciences (MOSCOW), Okimbekov Ubaid V.
Published: November 2022

The present study examines the question of Abd al-Rahman Khan’s colonization of the northern regions of Afghanistan in the 1880s. The colonization process was aimed at resettling people from areas with scarce land and water resources to the northern regions, which provided largely favourable conditions for agriculture and transhumance, restoring economic life through increase in production capacity with additional workforce and ensuring the security of the northern border. At first, these measures were directed at the inhabitants of the region itself, but they came to reach the national level after a while. The appearance of the Afghan Delimitation Commission in these areas during this period had a certain impact on the decisions of the Afghan authorities. Members of the Commission began to discredit the indigenous people of the region in the eyes of the leadership of their own state and before the emir as unreliable subjects and suggested relying exclusively on the Pashtuns. While the emir wanted primarily his fellow tribesmen to settle in the areas, the British pushed for the settlement of representatives of the warlike Ghilzai tribe there. Tens of thousands of households eventually settled in the northern territory but given that large segments of the local population migrated outside the country, the total number of the population did not undergo any significant change. Nevertheless, the number of the Pashtun households has noticeably increased in the regions. The discontent over the resettlement policy expressed by the indigenous population and the position of the authorities on this issue further exacerbated the already tense inter-ethnic relations. The economic aspects of the issue faded into the background while the emir's attention focused solely on the political elements within the region. By exterminating local influential people and their chiefs and by confiscating their land ownership rights, Abd al-Rahman Khan finally managed to suppress the resistance and opposition forces of Tajiks, Uzbeks and other ethnic groups and tribes. Looking through the prism of its rivalry with Russia, England regarded these unfolding events and processes as an outcome of the weakening of the position and influence of its longtime opponent in this Afghan region.
FEATURES OF THE ARAB-KHAZAR RELATIONS IN THE “HISTORY OF TABARI”
Authors:   Tajik National University, Dushanbe, Tajikistan, Barotzoda Faizullo
Published: November 2022

The issue of studying and comparative analysis of the historical materials of Tabari’s chronicle has long been discussed in literature, because it also contains valuable information on the fate of the peoples and state formations of the Muslim East. Researchers agree that the introduction of the prose material of this book into academic circulation could shed light on many aspects of the consistent development and formation of dynasties in the ancient times. However, the narrative tradition of Arabic literature did not allow presenting the material about a particular historical or cultural object in the context of the chronicle. Based on this, in the pre-Islamic part of the Tabari chronicle an important discussion topic is the definition of borders, history, ethnic and religious composition, state structure, diplomatic relations, location of cities and other issues concerning the Khazars. Written monuments are considered a valuable source for determining the zone of distribution of the Khazars and Khazaria, although the boundaries were constantly changing following the changes in the balance of power between the Khazars and neighboring states. In the first centuries the struggle of two empires — Byzantium and Sasanian Iran for dominance in the Middle East — began to increasingly influence the establishment of borders. Later, the Arab Caliphate joined in this struggle against Khazaria to establish control in the Transcaucasia and the Black Sea region. The Tabari chronicle preserved a huge amount of narrative material about the role of the Khazars in the development of the past centuries’ events. Plans of the Abbasid caliphs in the 8–9th centuries undergone major changes due to the resistance of the Khazars. Further clarification of the role of the Khazars and Khazaria is possible only based on a critical analysis of Tabari’s information in comparison with the materials of late medieval authors.
BIOGRAPHY OF HAJEB BARAQ IN THE WORK OF NASIR AD-DIN MUNSHI KERMANI
Authors:   Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Baskakov Ilya D. , Timokhin Dmitry M. ,   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of sciences (MOSCOW)
Published: November 2022

The history of hajeb Barak, the founder of the local dynasty of Kutlug Khans, and his reign in Kerman (Iran), was reflected in numerous Muslim historical works written in the 13th century, as well as in later monuments. Such interest in this person should be explained, first, by the events of the era of the Mongol invasion, in which Barak took a direct part, and since he managed not only to seize the lands of Kerman, but also to maintain power over them and pass it on to his descendants. Within the framework of this article, we would like to draw attention to the work of Nasir ad-Din Munshi Kermani, relatively poorly studied by researchers, in which a separate section looks into the story of the biography of hajeb Barak. This work from the first half of the 14th century is important both in itself and in connection with the information from earlier monuments, on which this Muslim historian undoubtedly relied. In addition, this source influenced certain later historical writings, which, in turn, allows us to cautiously declare the existence of the so-called late Kara-Chinese historiography, the beginning of which should be attributed precisely to Nasir ad-Din Munshi Kermani’s work. A lot of work surely remains to be done to prove the very fact of this phenomenon’s existence in the Muslim historical writings of the 13th–15th centuries, and this paper could be the first step in this direction. In it, the author analyzes only the features of Hajeb Barak’s biography through Nasir al-Din Munshi Kermani’s narration. In subsequent works we will return to this source in order to highlight its possible connections with earlier and, most importantly, later Muslim historical writings. We hope that our study will be useful to specialists in the history of Iran during the Mongol invasion.
Children TV Watching Habits: A Case Study of Pakistan
Authors: Khan Huma , Ghafar Majid-Ul- , Khan Anwar
Published: November 2022

This research article deals with the TV viewing habits of children and their effects. The study was based on a survey research technique to explore and investigate the Children's TV programs effects.The sample size for this research study was 500 children belonging to different age groups and studying in different schools and colleges in Bahawalpur. Therefore, the population of the study was children studying in Bahawalpur. A close-ended questionnaire was used for data collection.Children who have aged between 3 to 6 and are unable to fill out the questionnaire. Their parents were asked to fill in the questions according to their habits of watching different TV programs related to children. The data were analyzed through SPSS. The exclusive analysis of the data reveals that the overall majority of children watch TV programs for 2 to 4 hours a day.The empirical analysis of the data reveals that overall majority of the children agree that their parents guide them on which program to watch and which is not. It is also worth noting that overall majority of the children are of the view that entertainment TV programs for children increase their healthy relationship with their parents.
Saudi-Iran Rivalry: Pakistan's Role from Neutrality to Mediatory
Authors: Ibrahim Zahra , Rauf Sarwat
Published: November 2022

This study examines Pakistan's changing role amid Riyadh and Tehran's geopolitical and geoeconomic competition. It debunks the claim that Saudi Arabia and Iran's rivalry has long caused sectarian strife and economic and security problems in Pakistan. Pakistan's leadership has determined to prevent sectarian and supremacy tussles between the two Middle Eastern powers and to reduce tension diplomatically. Saudi Arabia and Iran's competition has affected not only Middle Eastern governments but also Pakistan, which faces internal and external issues. Pakistan's connections with Iran and Saudi Arabia are geopolitical and geoeconomic necessities. This conundrum has led Pakistan to act as an arbitrator between Saudi Arabia and Iran in its foreign policy. This research examines Middle East political tensions from 2015 to 2021 to determine Pakistan's evolving role from neutral to mediatory. The study paper analyses how Pakistan, while protecting its national interests, helped reduce Tehran and Riyadh's animosity from 2016 onwards when tension escalated.
THEORETICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF LAYOUT AND DESIGN SOLUTIONS FOR IRRIGATION MODULES OF DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN TREE AND FRUIT PLANTATIONS
Authors:   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Shkura V. N. , Shtanko A. S. ,   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems
Published: November 2022

Purpose: developing the methodology for parameter determination and choosing a layout and design solution for an irrigation module for drip irrigation and fertigation of tree and fruit plants cultivated in industrial gardens using industrial technologies for agrotechnical work. The economic and production efficiency of drip-irrigated tree-fruit orchards is determined by the degree of compliance of the layout and design solutions of drip irrigation systems with the natural and climatic conditions and the needs of cultivated crops. The specified compliance of the technical capabilities of drip irrigation systems with the physiological characteristics of plants is ensured by drip irrigation modules that directly supply irrigation water or solution to the zones of their consumption by the root systems of plants. The basis of the publication was the results of the author's research and development of drip irrigation systems for industrial gardens and the author's methods for predicting the size of the contours or zones of drip moisture in the soil space and the parameters of the apple crops root systems. Results. A generalization of private author's methods for predicting the parameters of moisture contours formed in the soil column during drip irrigation, and the parameters of root systems of perennial tree-fruit crops of row planting, developed in relation to the conditions of their cultivation in drip irrigated gardens, is carried out. As a result of the adaptation and joint use of these methods, a methodology for predicting the parameters of moistening zones formed by irrigation lines located along the rows has been developed. Conclusions. A scientific and methodological justification has been developed for choosing a layout and design solution for a drip irrigation module that provides drip irrigation of tree-fruit crops of row planting cultivated in industrial drip-irrigated orchards using industrial technologies for conducting work.
CLASSIFICATION OF LINEAR HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES OF RECLAMATION SYSTEMS ACCORDING TO THE LAND ACQUISITION CRITERION FOR CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION
Authors:   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Voyevodin O. V. , Kirilenko A. A. ,   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems
Published: November 2022

Purpose: development of a classification of linear reclamation hydraulic structures (HS) in the context of standards for land acquisition for construction and operation. Materials and methods. The works of Russian scientists and the provisions of legislative acts and standardization documents in the field of land acquisition regulation for linear structures are used in research. When developing the classification, hierarchical and faceted methods were used. The general methodological approach was based on logical techniques such as analysis, synthesis, comparison, abstraction and generalization. Results and discussion. The classification was carried out in several stages. Initially, from the general complex of structures that are part of the reclamation systems, the objects that fit the category of “linear structure” were identified. Classification criteria have been formulated and a hierarchy of directly linear HS has been constructed for them. Based on the principles of the expediency of developing standards for land acquisition, specific types of HS were selected. As a result, a facet division of the selected objects into classes was carried out by highlighting the essential features that affect the acquisition line width. Conclusions. As a result of research, a hierarchical facet system for classifying linear structures was developed in the context of the norms for land withdrawal for the construction and operation of reclamation HS. The classification is based on a group of structures, consisting of canals, pipelines and dykes. For them, 10 factors significantly affecting the land strip width allocated for indefinite and temporary use for construction and operational purposes have been identified.
TECHNICAL MEANS FOR DRIP TAPE MECHANIZED INSTALLATION INTO A POTATO RIDGE
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Martynova N. B. , Balabanov V. I. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Abdulmazhidov Kh. A. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Makarov A. A. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy
Published: November 2022

Purpose: development of technological equipment for drip tape installation, determining the installation resistance to assess the possibility of aggregation with agricultural machines. Materials and methods. The numerical values of the resistance to tape installation in a potato ridge are determined, the data obtained are refined in the process of laboratory studies with a working body model, and the possibility of installing technological equipment on agricultural machines is substantiated. Results and discussion. The Grimme GF-75/4 potato ridge former was upgraded to a drip tape stacker. For high-quality installation of the tape and preventing its twisting and breaking, it is necessary to maintain a constant tension of the tape at various speed rates of the basic machine. To do this, a brake device was introduced into the design of the stacker, which prevents the spool from unwinding by inertia during sudden braking and stopping the machine. Placement of equipment for drip tape installation on the Grimme GF-75/4 ridge former and the work on drip tape installation did not lead to a noticeable increase in traction resistance. The recommended tape laying depth was 20 mm. The brake device installed in the stacker structure prevents the drip tape spool from unwinding due to inertia when braking or stopping the machine. The optimal parameters of the braking device are determined: the spring diameter is 30 mm, the length is 200 mm. Conclusions. To reduce manual labor when carrying out work on installing a drip tape in the soil, the specialized stackers should be used. Due to the low laying resistance, these working bodies can be aggregated with various agricultural machines. To prevent the spool from spinning by inertia, a brake device should be introduced into the design, maintaining a constant tape tension and slowing down the spool in case of weakening the tension. This modernization will improve the quality of work on tape installation into the soil.
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES FOR INNOVATIVE IRRIGATION
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation  named after A. N. Kostyakov, Yurchenko I. F.
Published: November 2022

Purpose: to study trends of improving irrigation technologies and develop proposals on development of priority innovative solutions in the irrigated agriculture. Materials and methods: the object of research was the reclaimed agriculture irrigation technology, that meet the requirements of the modernization strategy for the domestic agro-industrial complex – “Agriculture 4”. The research question was to update the solution of the problems of the advanced technologies for innovative irrigation. The normative-legal and methodological documents of the Russian Federation, publications of specialists in the field of land reclamation and irrigation, information about the achievements and negative experience of agricultural producers in the practical implementation of irrigated agricultural production, the results of the author's own work, etc. served as the research material. The methods of system analysis, comparison and generalization of data, expert assessments were used in the work. Results. An analysis of the efficiency of the applied irrigation technologies which revealed the basic directions for the rational evolution of irrigation was carried out. The expediency of quick application of advanced proposals of the digital technologies irrigation techniques is shown. The necessity of increasing the level of irrigation automation based on artificial intelligence technologies is substantiated. The advantages of optimizing the management of agricultural technologies for irrigated crop production are characterized. The possibilities of interaction and cooperation of developers (suppliers) of specialized areas of a specific digital irrigation solution are determined. The prospects for creating new and improving existing irrigation technologies are considered. The basic provisions of the platform approach to the implementation of the irrigation digitalization process are presented. Conclusions: the conducted studies confirmed the existence of a high potential in the field of improvement and transformation of irrigation technologies, the implementation of which will contribute both to the efficiency of production of enterprises and the entire field of melioration.
IRRIGATION AND FERTILIZATION IN OPEN GROUND TOMATO CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGIES
Authors:   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Gurina I. V. , Tishchenko A. P. ,   Crimean Branch of the Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems
Published: November 2022

Purpose: study of literary sources and analysis of the irrigation and fertilizer impact on tomato productivity on reclaimed lands. Discussion. Tomato is an annual herbaceous solanaceous plant. In the open ground, tomato plants form a powerful root system, the degree of its development is determined by soil fertility and the level of its moisture availability. Such a nutrient element as nitrogen is necessary for plants to form a vegetative mass, phosphorus promotes the root system development, provides earlier flowering and ripening of fruits and increases their yield and quality; potassium improves photosynthesis processes and increases plant resistance. The microelements application increases productivity and resistance to various environmental factors. With the improvement of soil water regime due to irrigation, the removal of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from the soil by plants increases. Currently, in tomato cultivation on reclaimed lands, a mineral or organo-mineral nutrition system is used, which, in combination with irrigation, differentiated by the phases of plant growth and development, makes it possible to obtain the planned productivity. Modern scientific research in this area is aimed at the development and implementation of new types of fertilizers and methods of their application, which, together with water regime optimization, can increase productivity and product quality. Conclusions. Numerous studies conducted in our country and abroad have confirmed the effectiveness of applying optimal fertilizer rates and maintaining a differentiated soil moisture regime. The fertilizer application with irrigation water significantly increases the efficiency of their use, increases the productivity and marketability of tomatoes. Organo-mineral nutrition allows reducing the consumption of mineral fertilizers and improves the quality of fruits. A promising technique is foliar applications. Foliar treatments improve plant growth and development, increase biomass, increase productivity and quality.
VINEYARD FERTILIZER: TYPES, TERMS, DOSES AND APPLICATION RATES
Authors:   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Monastyrskiy V. A. , Babichev A. N. ,   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Babenko A. A. ,   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Tishchenko A. P. ,   Crimean Branch of the Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems
Published: November 2022

Purpose: to analyze the results of scientific research by scientists in the field of vineyard fertilization, aimed not only at increasing yields, but also at further increasing soil fertility. Discussion. The overview of research works, domestic and foreign literary sources related to the grape planting fertilization is presented. The impact of options of fertilizer application of various types, terms, methods, doses and rates of application, as well as growth stimulants, on the quality and quantity of grape products obtained, depending on the soil type is discussed. The application of various fertilizers and growth stimulants contributed to an increase in the yield of various grape varieties and increased the sugar content in grain berries. Conclusions. Analysis of the results of studies of fertilizer systems for grapes on different soils showed that the use of organic and mineral fertilizers contributes to an increase in yield by 33–127 %, depending on the variety, and the amount of sugar increased from 43 to 98 % compared to the control. The vineyard fertilization system should include a combination and distribution of certain norms of the main mineral fertilizer, manure and various nutrition over time. It should be noted that when high doses of mineral fertilizers are applied (above N120P120, and K90–140 depending on the type of soil), a decrease in grape yield is observed, regardless of the crop variety. The use of various microfertilizers has a positive effect on increasing the yield of grapes and improving the quality of grain berries. The use of growth regulators in vineyards contributes to an increase in yield, but does not affect the quality of grain berries.
THE IMPACT OF CULTIVATION PRACTICES ON THE YIELD AND WATER CONSUMPTION OF NEW WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES IN ROSTOV REGION
Authors:   Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Centre, Voshedskiy N. N. , Kulygin V. А. ,   Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Centre
Published: November 2022

Purpose: to determine the optimal method of primary tillage, the mineral nutrition background when cultivating new varieties of winter wheat in Rostov region. Materials and methods. Place and time of the research is the experimental station of the Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Centre, 2019–2021. The soil of the experimental plot is ordinary calcareous, medium-thick, light loamy chernozem on loess-like loam with a bulk density of 1.26 g/cm³ in the 0–30 cm layer. New varieties of winter wheat Bylina Dona, Akapella and Oktava were used in the experiments. Factor A: methods of primary tillage: 1) plowing at 25–27 cm (control); 2) combined (surface at 14–16 cm + slotting at 40–45 cm); 3) chisel at 25–27 cm. Factor B: fertilizer backgrounds (control without fertilizer, moderate (N80P60K60), high (N120P80K80)). When conducting a field experiment, generally accepted methods were used (B. A. Dospekhov, 1985; A. N. Kostyakov, 1961; A. F. Vadyunina, 1986). Results. A higher grain yield of new varieties of winter wheat was provided against the background of plowing, where the grain yield changed regardless of the background of nutrition: for the variety Bylina Dona within 3.17–4.68 t/ha, Acapella – 3.64–5.19 t/ha, Oktava – 2.71–4.00 t/ha. The nutritional background of N80Р60K60 with different methods of primary tillage gave an increase in the yield of varieties: Bylina Dona – 31.6–32.5 %, Acapella – 27.4–27.7 %, Oktava – 31.2–32.8 %, compared to control. The high background of N120Р80K80 provided similar gains in varieties: Bylina Dona – 45.2–47.6 %, Acapella – 40.9–42.6 %, Oktava – 45.7–47.6 %. The best benefit from the fertilizer application and the lowest water consumption coefficient were obtained on the Acapella variety under conditions of plowing and N120P80K80 fertilizer background (respectively 5.54 kg/kg and 320 m³/t). Conclusions. The most productive variety was Acapella with a yield of 5.19 t/ha.
SOYBEAN CULTIVATION MONITORING IN KURSK REGION CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
Authors:   Federal Agricultural Kursk Research Center, Deriglazova G. M.
Published: November 2022

Purpose: to identify the limiting agro-climatic resource of soybean yield in Kursk region, to assess the influence of the main weather factors on the crop yield formation. Materials and methods. Soybean cultivation monitoring in Kursk region climatic conditions was carried out according to statistical data on yield for 22 years (from 2000 to 2021) and related data on weather conditions of the region. For comparison, the statistical data for Russia were used. The materials were processed by the methods of descriptive and variational statistics, correlation and regression analysis. Results. It was found out that the soybean yield in Kursk increased by 2.2 times over 22 years (from 8.2 q/ha in 2000 to 17.9 q/ha in 2021). The soybean yield for this period in Kursk region amounted to 13.5 q/ha. For 22 years, soybean in Kursk region grew in optimal weather conditions in 45 % of cases (10 years), unfavorable and favorable weather conditions developed in 23 and 32 % of cases, respectively. It has been determined that the increase in soybean yield in Kursk region is due to an increase in the precipitation amount for the year and the precipitation amount at an air temperature of more than 10 °C, as well as a low value of the active temperatures amount. Regression analysis of soybean yield changes in Kursk region over 22 years revealed a linear relationship between the yield and the study year, precipitation at temperatures above 10 °C and hydrothermal coefficient. Conclusions: the limiting factors limiting high yields of soybeans in Kursk region were the precipitation amount during the growing season and the hydro-thermic coefficient.
FISH PASSAGE AND SPAWNING COMPLEX AS A PART OF THE BAGAEVSKY WATERWORKS ON THE RIVER DON
Authors:   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Shkura V. N. , Baev O. A. ,   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Shevchenko A. V. ,   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems
Published: November 2022

Purpose: to develop a layout and design solution for the Bagaevsky fish passage and spawning complex near its waterworks on the basis of a fish passage and spawning channel for the passage and spawning of litho- and rheophils and a system of managed spawning grounds for phytophilous fish species. Materials and methods. The factual basis of the development was data on the fishery, hydrological, socio-economic and topographic conditions for the creation and operation of fishery facilities at the Bagaevsky waterworks on the river Don. When developing technical solutions for the complex, the methods of scientific analysis and search-design technologies were used. Results. Taking into account the current state of natural reproduction of especially valuable anadromous (sturgeon, herring and cyprinids), valuable semi-anadromous fish (bream, pike perch, carp, roach) and the special fish breeding significance of the Bagaevsky waterworks, it was proposed to build here a fish passage and spawning complex, including a fish passage and spawning channel and a system of artificial spawning grounds with controlled environmental conditions in the canal and spawning ponds. The installation of a meander-shaped fish passage and spawning channel with a length of 5325 m and a trapezoidal section with a bottom width of 36.0 m and a water flow depth of 2.5 m, designed to pass 100 cubic m/s, with an average flow velocity of 0.895 m/s is proposed. The channel is made with a slope of 0.000338, and its bottom and slopes are fixed with a gravel-pebble-stone mixture of different size fractional composition, which is the fastening of its bed and a spawning substrate for lithophiles. Spawning-growth ponds with appropriate conditions for their use by phytophilous fish species are provided inside the meanders of the canal. Conclusions. In order to ensure the reproduction of populations of litho- and phytophilic fish species in upstream of river waterworks, it is proposed to arrange fish passage and spawning complexes at waterworks. A layout and design solution for the fish passage and spawning complex has been developed for the conditions of its construction and operation as part of the low-head Bagaevsky waterwork on the river Don.
THE LEAST-ACTION PRINCIPLE IN THE CALCULATION OF THE BROAD-CRESTED WEIR OUTLET SECTION DEPTH
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Shalanin V. А.
Published: November 2022

Purpose: development and experimental verification of a method for determining the flow depth in the outlet section of a broad-crested weir, based on the use of the variational principle of least action. Materials and methods. To develop a calculation method, the previously obtained dependences to determine the flow depth in the outlet section of a horizontal canal with a flow moving in a subcritical mode, and a method for determining the flow depth at the crest of a broad-crested weir were used. The theory was tested using a laboratory experiment and computer simulation in the ANSYS 17.0 software package. Results. The comparison of the results of experiments and computer simulation showed the conformance of the calculation results by the method based on the least action principle. The verification was carried out using the Fisher criterion, the criterion value according to the experimental data is 14.35, the criterion tabular value is 19.45, which indicates the adequacy of the proposed method to the experimental data. Conclusions. Based on the direct variational principle of least action, taking into account the influence of centrifugal forces in the flow, a calculation method that makes it possible to determine the outlet section depth of the broad-crested weir has been obtained. The resulting depth also corresponds to the transitional regime, in which the flooded regime changes to the non-flooded one, and in which the type of pool junction changes from surface to bottom one. The comparison showed a discrepancy of 0.4 % with data from outside authors. Experiments with the formation of a stuck jet in the outlet section of the weir showed that the depth in this case does not correspond to the proposed calculation method, this principle is also not implemented when the weir is flooded.
Study on the major gardenland weeds in the Vayalogam soil series of southern Tamil Nadu
Authors: ARUMUGHAN N. , HUSSAINY SYED ABUL HASSAN , SINGH R. DURAI , PAULPANDI V. K.
Published: November 2022

Weeds are a major issue in crop production, accounting for more than 45% of yield loss. As a result, timely and appropriate weed management practices should be used to achieve good crop stand and yield. Knowledge of the major weeds is extremely helpful in selecting appropriate weed management practices. This study was conducted during 2022 at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai to identify the major weed flora in the Vayalogam series of Tamil Nadu. Fifteen crops viz., maize, sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet, barnyard millet, foxtail millet, blackgram, greengram, cowpea, gingelly, groundnut, safflower, cotton, tobacco and sunnhemp were sown and various observations on the weed phytosociological attributes were recorded. The results revealed the major weed flora present and the crop which was least and highly susceptible to weed infestation. Phytosociological attributes of weeds viz., density, frequency, relative density, relative frequency, importance value index and summed dominance ratio, identified Trianthema portulacastrum as the major weed and millets and pulse crop showed greater tolerance to weeds growth due to quicker growth in the Vayalogam soil series of southern Tamil Nadu. Hence, millets and pulses can be grown in these areas with minimum weed management practices.
Vegetation analysis on the mountain slopes of Yanaimalai in southern Tamil Nadu
Authors: ROSHAN N. DEEPAK , HUSSAINY SYED ABUL HASSAN , SINGH R. DURAI , PAULPANDI V. K.
Published: November 2022

Yanaimalai hill in Southern Tamil Nadu is a rocky granite hill having vegetations in the cracks and crevices. The hill absorbs and irradiates heat waves more in summer making vegetation limited. Despite high temperature and erratic weather conditions, certain vegetations survive. A study on identifying the vegetation can pave way for future breeding programmes. Therefore, this study was undertaken during May 22 to June 5, 2022 to identify the vegetation and classify into weeds, shrubs and trees. Fifty sites identified on the mountain slopes and various phytosociological parameters, viz. weed density, relative density, frequency, relative frequency, abundance, importance value index and summer dominance ratio were estimated. From the study, it was confirmed that vegetation species such as Cleome viscosa, Tephrosia purpurea, Cymbopogon citratus, Canthium spp., Morinda tinctoria and Wrightia tinctoria were predominant. Based on the findings, the identified species can be used for further genetic study on high temperature and drought tolerance for various breeding programmes.
Associations between Categorization Rules and Categorical Visual Search
Authors: Liashenko A. K.
Published: November 2022

One of the tasks of modern categorization theories is the search for cognitive functions associated with categorical learning. Foreign research has demonstrated an association between visual search and continuum category learning (categorical representation): success of the visual search based on single-feature categorical rules does not change with increasing number of distractors, but collapses when the search is supported by information integration categorical rules. The purpose of the current study was to identify links between learning discrete categories and the success of visual search in order to test the previously obtained effect on another type of categories — verbal rules (explicit type) and prototypes (implicit type). It was assumed that, since the representation based on prototypes would have a lower level of awareness, its support for the visual search based (success) would be lower than while forming verbal rules. Participants (N = 121) completed a task where they learnt a new artificial category belonging to one of two types of rules and immediately after that performed a categorical visual search task where they were asked to search for a target relevant to the category they learnt. We found that after learning the verbal rule as well as forming prototypes, visual search success did not collapse with increasing number of distractors. We also found that the higher the success rate in learning a new category, the more effective the visual search was, regardless of the type of rule. Thus, we have shown for the first time that visual search can be supported by different types of categories, both explicit and implicit. We explain the present results and their difference from the results of the previous study by the fact that categories based on discrete features (as opposed to continuums) allows to create more robust representations that are easier to use in non-categorical tasks such as visual search.
An Investigation of the Role the School Library Space Plays in Promoting Reading Habits in Foundation Phase Learners in Vhembe District in South Africa
Authors: Mahwasane N. P.
Published: November 2022

The school library space is of utmost importance in the school community as a whole. A library space provides, both teachers and their learners, with a space, which is safe and conducive to learning. The aim of this paper is to explore the role the school library space plays in promoting reading habits of the foundation phase learners in Vhembe District. The paper employed or followed a qualitative research method based on the nature of the study. The population of the study is the teacher librarians who are responsible for school libraries in the foundation phase. Purposive sampling was used to select eight schools from Vhembe District. Eight participants were sampled by virtue of their being teacher librarians serving in the Foundation Phase school libraries. Data was collected by means of individual interviews. The finding revealed that although they have a separate building for the library, the sitting space for learners is not sufficient because there are many learners. Secondly, the finding was concerned with the capacity of the school libraries in as far as the space to accommodate bookshelves, computers and other library facilities required in the library. The third finding was concerned with the challenges like overcrowding due to the lack of enough space in the school library. The fourth finding was concerned with the school libraries being used for purposes other than library activities. The study recommended that the library should also provide both teacher and learners with a space that encourages individual study, group cooperation and big group exhibition.
The factors increasing the inducing activity of two Bacillus. subtilis strains in the protection of wheat against pathogens of spot blotch Bipolaris sorokiniana and leaf rust Puccinia triticina
Authors: Novikova I. I. , Popova E. V. , Kovalenko* N. M. , Krasnobaeva I. L.
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the contribution of the culture liquid of Bacillus subtilis strains VKM B-2604D and VKM B-2605D and its components (cell-free supernatant and bacterial cell suspension) to the formation of induced resistance to spot blotch and leaf rust in wheat plants, as well as to establish the optimal cell concentration and application time which determine the effectiveness of the laboratory samples containing 0.1 % chitosan salicylate (CS). It is assumed that the culture liquid and its supernatant contain biologically active metabolites possessing elicitor activity and responsible for the manifestation of induced wheat resistance to spot blotch and leaf rust. Treatment of wheat leaves with culture liquid and supernatant reduced the B. sorokiniana infection level by 1.5–2 times, and P. triticina by 20 % and 10 %, respectively, as compared to the control. Meanwhile, the suspension of bacterial cells did not suppress the development of the disease symptoms. It has been experimentally shown that all culture liquid samples tested showed the greatest inducing effect at the concentration of 109 CFU/ml. It was found that among the application timing variants (1 and 2 days before and 1 and 2 days after the inoculation), pre-treatment of wheat plants one day before the pathogen inoculation was the most effective, significantly reducing the disease development. As a result, the area of leaf damage by the spot blotch and the leaf rust was decreased 6- and 10-fold, respectively, as compared to the control.
Rational approach to the treatment of otitis externa
Authors:   L.I. Sverzhevskiy Research Clinical Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Gurov A.V. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Muzhichkova A.V. ,   L.I. Sverzhevskiy Research Clinical Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: November 2022

In recent years, there has been an increased number of calls to ENT specialists concerning otitis externa. These conditions are characterized by antibiotic resistance of key pathogens, as well as the presence of significant pain symptoms. In 60–98% of cases, inflammation in the external auditory canal has a bacterial etiology. Pseudomonas aeruginosa occupies a leading place in the microbial landscape — up to 78% on average, while Staphylococcus aureus is sown only in 9–27% of cases. Rational therapy of otitis externa is one of the urgent problems of otorhinolaryngology, despite the large variety of treatment methods. It is necessary to use complex therapy of external otitis, including a direct effect on the etiological factor, as well as pain relief. In the vast majority of cases, the frontline empirical therapy of otitis externa should be topical antimicrobial agents. The following combined drug is successfully used for the treatment of otitis externa: ear drops containing a combined antibiotic (aminoglycoside neomycin + cyclic polypeptide polymyxin B + topical anesthetic lidocaine). Early therapy of otitis externa with a combined antibiotic is the key to a fast and reliable clinical result. KEYWORDS: otitis externa, bacterial otitis, ear drops, combined antibiotic, aminoglycoside, cyclic polypeptide, topical anesthetics, neomycin, polymyxin B, lidocaine. FOR CITATION: Gurov A.V., Muzhichkova A.V. Rational approach to the treatment of otitis externa. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2022;6(7):404– 410 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2022-6-7-404-410.
ECONOMIA SOLIDÁRIA: ANÁLISE DOS EMPREENDIMENTOS ECONÔMICOS SOLIDÁRIOS NO PERÍODO DE 2010-2012 NO BRASIL
Authors: Oliveira Edineide Maria de , Santos Edelaine Silva
Published: November 2022

Os empreendimentos econômicos solidários no Brasil introduziram as pessoas no mercado de trabalho em 1980 e continuam a fazer isso desde então, principalmente os desempregados. Por este motivo, este trabalho apresentou a economia solidária e os empreendimentos econômicos solidários analisando dados dos SIES (Sistema Nacional de Informação em Economia Solidária). Os objetivos específicos foram alcançados, pois foi exposto a origem da economia solidária no mundo e as suas principais características Também conceituou os empreendimentos econômicos solidários e descreveu suas formas jurídicas existentes segundo o SIES sendo esses, os grupos informais, as associações, as cooperativas e as sociedades mercantis. Analisou dados do SIES sobre os empreendimentos econômicos solidários no período de 2010-2012 no Brasil, onde como resultado se verificou a diminuição dos empreendimentos econômicos solidários de 2005-2007 para 2010-2012, observou-se a predominância
das associações em comparação as cooperativas e identificou-se a superioridade da região nordeste na quantidade de empreendimentos econômicos solidários perante as outras regiões. A metodologia empregada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica e também foram utilizados dados secundários com base no SIES para responder a questão de pesquisa.
A GESTÃO DEMOCRÁTICA COMO PRINCÍPIO IMPRESCINDÍVEL NA CONSTRUÇÃO DA CIDADANIA E DA ESCOLA PARTICIPATIVA
Authors: Jesus Rogério Aparecido de , Pulzi Wagner
Published: November 2022

A gestão democrática é um princípio norteador de práticas descentralizadoras dentro da escola, permitindo a participação de todos os membros da comunidade escolar. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho lançará um olhar sobre o princípio da gestão democrática como essencial à construção de uma escola igualitária e participativa. A gestão democrática é um princípio que encontra amparo legal desde a Constituição Federal de 1988, porém ainda necessita de leis mais específicas para que seja definitivamente aplicada. Muitas escolas já se esforçam para colocá-la em prática, permitindo a participação de pais, alunos, funcionários e professores através dos colegiados escolares, constituindo-se um espaço de pluralidade de ideais, de exercício da democracia e desenvolvimento da autonomia. Todavia é preciso que esse princípio ultrapasse os muros da escola para que o verdadeiro sentido de cidadania tenha maior amplitude e alcance também as autoridades.