bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mineralogical properties of pyroclastic materials from Mount Merapi, Indonesia
Authors: Kurniati  , Suwardi  , Mulyanto Budi , Nugroho Budi , Herman Welly , Rahmayuni Erlina
Published: April 2024

Mount Merapi, located in Indonesia, is known as one of the most active volcanoes globally, often resulting in volcanic eruptions that produce pyroclastic materials. These materials from Mount Merapi’s eruptions have the potential to influence soil fertility in areas affected by the volcanic activities. This study aims to analyze the mineralogical properties of pyroclastic materials from Mount Merapi. The methodology involves collecting pyroclastic material samples from the 2010 eruption of Mount Merapi, followed by analysis using various mineralogical techniques such as polarized microscopy, X-ray diffraction, petrographic analysis, and wet chemical analysis. The findings offer detailed insights into the mineral composition, types of clay minerals, overall elemental presence, and the rock types forming these minerals in the pyroclastic materials. Variations in mineral composition are observed in the pyroclastic materials from Mount Merapi. Predominant minerals, including the plagioclase, pyroxene, and hornblende groups, are distinctly identified. These minerals’ presence suggests their susceptibility to weathering, categorized as easily weatherable minerals. This tendency for weathering is shown by the presence of elements like Na, Ca, and Mg in these minerals, which are crucial macro-nutrients for plant growth.
Utilizing rice husk biochar and selected phosphate fertilizer to increase phosphate status of ultisol and shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) production
Authors: Idwar  , Zulfatri  , Zuhry Elza , Yoseva Sri , Fitrianti Rahma , Umami Irwin Mirza
Published: April 2024

Low soil phosphorus (P) availability is an important impediment to successful shallot cultivation in ultisols, a type of soil distinguished by its low fertility. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of rice husk biochar in combination with various types of phosphate fertilizers on ultisol P status, growth performance and production of shallot. The experiment followed a completely randomized design with three replications and involved the two fixed factors: the application of three different levels of rice husk biochar (0, 5, and 10 t ha-1) and addition of three distinct phosphate fertilizer sources (90 kg ha-1) that included triple superphosphate (TRP), rock phosphate (RP) and guano. Our experiment revealed that using rice husk biochar in conjunction with various sources of P fertilizer had a propensity to raise the pH, enhance the availability and total P content in the observed soil. Furthermore, the application of 5 t ha-1 of rice husk biochar, along with the use of TSP resulted in the highest P availability in the soil. The use of biochar and P fertilizers has the potential to be an effective strategy for improving soil phosphorus status and increasing shallot production, as evidenced by the weight of storable bulbs.
Revolutionizing Surface Enhancement: Microwave-Assisted Cladding of Ni-Boron Nitride Mixture onto SS-304
Authors: Dwivedi Shashi Prakash , Pahwa Shilpa , Dutt Amit , K Saritha , B Rajalakshmi , Ahmed Raghad
Published: March 2024

This study presents a revolutionary approach to surface enhancement through microwave-assisted cladding of a Ni and 15% BN particle mixture onto SS-304 substrates. Meticulous preparation steps were undertaken, including substrate cleaning and powder preheating, to ensure optimal adhesion and coating quality. Microwave hybrid heating using charcoal as a susceptor material facilitated rapid and uniform heating of the powder mixture, while a pure graphite sheet prevented contamination during the process. The experiment was conducted using a multimode microwave applicator at specific power and frequency settings, resulting in controlled heating for optimal coating formation. The precision of the microwave-assisted cladding process was illustrated through SEM images, revealing a uniform distribution of cladding particles across the substrate. Moreover, significant improvements in surface hardness and wear resistance were observed, with a 44.67% increase in surface hardness and a low wear rate of 0.0020 mm3/m. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the developed cladding technique in enhancing the mechanical properties and wear resistance of SS-304 substrates, paving the way for its potential application in various industries requiring reliable surface protection and durability under sliding contact conditions.
Disaster zone human and animal detection using sonar
Authors: Yoganand Bharadwaj Vedadri , Muddasani Soumyavani , Rudra Meghana , Mudavath Pooja , Saleh Mashkour Muthana , Rajalakshmi B. , Nijhawan Ginni , Kumar Yadav Dinesh
Published: March 2024

The research introduces a novel approach to animal and human detection using sonar technology in fields such as disaster management, and under water exploration. Unlike traditional visual methods, sonar systems emit soundwaves to analyze echoes, providing unique advantages in challenging environments. The proposed method involves collecting raw sonar data, followed by preprocessing techniques for noise reduction, signal normalization, and feature extraction. Sonar’s ability to penetrate various media, including water and dense fog, makes it valuable for detecting animals and humans in low-visibility conditions. Additionally, sonar operates effectively in both day and night settings, unaffected by lighting conditions. The proposed detection system will undergo comprehensive experiments using representative datasets and real-world scenarios. Performance metrics, such as detection accuracy, precision, recall, and computational efficiency, will be analyzed and compared with existing approaches. The study showcases the effectiveness and viability of employing sonar technology for animal and human detection tasks, highlighting its unique capabilities in challenging environments.
Region optimization and sensitivity analysis of THT assembly process parameters based on flexible soldering robot platform
Authors: YU Tao , ZHAO Pan , WANG Jikong , WANG Feiru , WANG Lei , MA Guoliang , HOU Jing
Published: March 2024

In order to solve the problem that the selection of key process parameters of a flexible soldering robot depends on manual experience, the empirical model of its THT assembly process parameters is established with the response surface method and the reliability of the model is verified. On this basis, the multi-parameter relative sensitivity of the key process parameters is analyzed through the Monte-Carlo simulation, and their single-parameter sensitivity curve is drawn. Then, based on the sensitivity analysis, the stability region division method is designed, and the stability region of process parameters for soldering quality comprehensive score is obtained. The optimal region of process parameters of the soldering robot are acquired by compressing the stability region: soldering temperature from 350-368 ℃, soldering time from 1.31-1.48 s and solder feeding volume from 1.5-2.0 mm3. The average value of the soldering quality comprehensive score within the optimal region of process parameters is 90.2 points.
Process flows of an emergency department. How process modelling and simulation can help improve the efficiency and quality of patient care
Authors: Angler Yannik , Loßin Astrid , Goetz Olav
Published: March 2024

Emergency departments are the first point of contact for life-saving care worldwide. Despite this importance in patient care, emergency departments face a number of shortcomings. For example, emergency departments have been struggling for many years with a lack of resources, low levels of digitalization, or unregulated access to emergency departments. Thoughtful process analysis using discrete event simulation (DES) can support the implementation of better processes to improve quality of care sustainably. Based on empirical data obtained through observations, expert interviews, process analysis, and time studies, the authors modelled and simulated the flow of care in a general hospital’s emergency department using a stochastic DES model. The results of the DES study show that digital upgrades and additional staff resources, in particular, can reduce process times in terms of length of stay and waiting times. One can conclude that discrete event simulation is a suitable tool to realistic model and simulate complex systems such as emergency departments, and derive meaningful improvement potentials. In the future, the potential of digitalization concerning process flows should be considered more often in DES studies.
Investment Weightings of Technology and Traditional Stocks: Investor Choice and Risk Management
Authors: Li Chenxing
Published: April 2024

In the era of big data, the financial landscape is undergoing transformative changes through the integration of advanced technologies. This research delves into the dynamic realm of asset portfolios within the information technology industry, traditional sectors, and amalgamated portfolios containing popular giant stocks. Employing Python and machine learning, the study focuses on predicting expected returns, comparing and analyzing diverse portfolios to identify optimal investment strategies for risk management. Evaluation metrics include annual return, annual volatility, Sharpe ratio, and statistical charts. The findings highlight the lucrative potential of investing in the information technology sector, revealing an impressive annual return rate of 40.1%. In contrast, traditional industry portfolios not only underperform but also exhibit high-risk profiles and diminished returns. This research underscores the critical role of technological advancements and data-driven methodologies in shaping contemporary financial strategies for robust portfolio management. his research advocates for the strategic incorporation of technology-driven insights in financial decision-making, emphasizing the significant outperformance potential of information technology portfolios in navigating the complexities of modern investment.
The impact of brake failure rights protection event on Tesla Motors: Stock prediction based on ARIMA model
Authors: Tang Yifei
Published: April 2024

On April 19, 2021, the Shanghai Auto Show witnessed a rights protection incident involving Tesla’s brake failure. The arrogant official response has eroded consumer trust and had a detrimental impact on Tesla’s operational performance. This article employs the ARIMA model to analyze Tesla’s stock price data, selecting data from a year prior to and following the incident. The forecast findings are analyzed to determine the impact of the event on Tesla’s stock prices, followed by advice for investors on decisionmaking. According to this article, Tesla’s stock prices were significantly negatively impacted by the rights protection incident. Meanwhile, policy lags and the absence of a weak efficient market could be blamed for the notable shift in stock price that occurred only starting on the seventh day of the event. This suggests that investors could leverage the interval of time between the occurrence of the event and the occurrence of stock price variations to their advantage when managing their investments.
The Different Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Catering and Pharmaceutical Industry in China: Evidence from Time Series Model
Authors: Dai Yiran
Published: April 2024

Covid-19 pandemic is a huge setback for the global economy. This essay investigates the distinct impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on China’s catering and pharmaceutical industries using time series models. It highlights how the pandemic differently influenced these sectors, with the catering industry experiencing a significant downturn and the pharmaceutical industry showing a surge in demand for medical products and services. The paper employs indices to represent industry situations, analyzes stock prices’ volatility, and predicts closing prices without the pandemic’s impact. The study utilizes the ARIMA model for forecasting and empirical analysis, revealing how the pandemic accelerated trends in these industries and its varying effects on them. This research offers insights into industry-specific impacts of global crises and provides valuable perspectives for policymakers, investors, and researchers in understanding economic effects during health emergencies. The results indicated that the covid-19 pandemic had a negative impact on catering industry and the stock price was much lower than expected. While it had a relatively positive effects on pharmaceutical industry since the huge demand of medicine and other related supplies.
Behavioral Finance: Several Key Effects of Investor Decision-Making
Authors: Yi Shicheng
Published: April 2024

This paper examines the field of behavioral finance. First, a review of the behavioral finance literature will highlight the key findings and theories that have emerged in this field. Second, this paper will also discuss the practical applications of behavioral finance, including how it can be applied to improve investment decisions and reduce cognitive biases. Finally, several future research directions that may further advance the field of behavioral finance are analyzed, such as exploring the role of emotions in financial decision-making and examining the impact of social factors on investor behavior, pointing out shortcomings and making extensions to current research in this field. This paper will specifically analyze behavioral finance in terms of loss aversion, market anomalies, framing effect and endowment effect, revealing the psychological bias and cognitive bias of human beings in the process of financial decision-making, and providing new perspectives and methods for understanding the operating mechanism of the financial market and investment strategies.
A Research on Profit Misappropriation by Controlling Shareholders: Taking ST Zhongzhu as an Example
Authors: Qiu Yanyi , Yan Qiyue , Zhang Xinyue
Published: April 2024

This paper selects Zhongzhu Healthcare Holding Co.,Ltd (ST Zhongzhu ) as the research object, introduces the means of ST Zhongzhu’s controlling shareholders’ interest appropriation, studies the factors leading to the behaviour of interest appropriation, and puts forward targeted solution measures. This paper includes the following six parts. The first section is an introduction, combing the related literature and summarizing the background and significance of writing. The third part is the introduction of the case of ST Zhongzhu controlling shareholders encroaching on the interests of listed companies, the controlling shareholders of ST Zhongzhu encroach on the huge interests of listed companies mainly through the appropriation of funds by the related parties and the violation of the provision of guarantees for the related parties, etc., and at the same time elaborates on the negative impacts caused by this behaviour. The fourth part is the reason why the controlling shareholders of ST Zhongzhu’s interest encroachment behaviour can be realized. The fifth part is the measures to prevent the controlling shareholders’ interest encroachment, and puts forward the countermeasures to solve the encroachment of the company’s interests by the controlling shareholders of ST Zhongzhu. The sixth part is the conclusion of this paper. This paper analyses in-depth the current situation of interest encroachment in ST, and puts forward specific measures to solve the problem in view of the contributing factors. Contribute to the corresponding theoretical research.
A Systematic Analysis of the Quality of Profit Growth in Chinese Construction Firms
Authors: Du Xiaoyang
Published: April 2024

China is a country with a large land area and a large population, but the infrastructure is relatively poor. After decades of hard work by the Chinese people, they increased dramatically, and the infrastructure has improved significantly. China now has the world’s largest range of motorways and highspeed railways. At the same time, thirty years ago, China’s per capita residential space was relatively small. Study the quality of profitability of China’s construction companies in the golden period through the most representative listed construction companies in China in the last 10 years, and it hopes to study the characteristics of the construction industry and hope to understand some deeper issues through this. The research subjects selected for this report are all public companies listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange or the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in China. The following three factors have contributed to this improvement: the massive construction of speed railway companies and the construction of high-speed railways. Vigorous development of the real estate industry formed the golden period of China’s first three decades of rapid development of construction companies.
The Dilemmas and Improvement Strategies of China’s Informal Economy in the Post Epidemic Era
Authors: Chen Mingqin , Liu Xuzhu , Xiong Jianyu
Published: April 2024

This research explores the development trend of the informal economy after the Covid-19 pandemic and the ways to avoid the increase informal economy. The paper discusses the development process of the informal economy, the difficulties it faces, and the causes of its emergence. Based on the detailed analysis of the current situation of informal economy and its possible impact on society, this paper points out that solutions should be implemented from the perspectives of government, enterprises and individuals, which prevent the informal economy from growing at an uncontrollable rate. For example, once the government’s five insurance policies are formulated and laws and regulations are publicized; And the way enterprises treat new technical talents have affected the informal economy to some extent. The research of this paper will increase the understanding and attention of the society to the informal economy. Providing some substantial improvement strategies for the current informal economic system will help more people benefit from the regulated economic system.
Impact of the 2015 Stock Market Crash on China’s Stock Market: Evidence from Moutai and China Construction
Authors: Luo Hao
Published: April 2024

The stock market crash in 2015 had a significant impact on China’s finances, some researchers focus on the causes of the stock market crash, however, its impact on stocks does not seem to have a uniformity of trend, perhaps there are different inspirations for investors. Therefore, this paper achieves the goal of exploring the impact of the 2015 stock market crash on Chinese stocks by collecting a total of four sets of stock data on daily and weekly closing prices of Moutai and China Construction and performing ARIMA model analysis on the data to predict the logarithmic returns of the four sets of data. It was found that Moutai seemed to be less affected by the crash than China Construction. Meanwhile, after an in-depth analysis of the coping strategies and business environments of these two stocks, the study highlights that in addition to the financial position and risk management capabilities, a company’s brand and product quality, as well as market resilience, are key factors in coping with market risk. This provides investors with a more comprehensive perspective when making investment decisions.
Development of Sino-US trade relations and employment of labor force
Authors: Bai Huirou
Published: April 2024

International trade needs healthy and balanced development, and so does labor employment. There are some connections between the two, so both need to be taken into account in development. In terms of international trade, Sino-US trade is a hot topic at present. Based on the development of Sino-US trade relations and the correlation between the development of Sino-US trade relations and the employment of the labor force, this paper makes a summary. This paper mainly studies the development stage and changing trend of Sino-US trade relations, and discusses the influence of the development of Sino-US trade relations on labor employment. This paper mainly analyzes the impact of Sino-US trade relations in a relatively stable state, including positive and negative impacts. In addition, this paper mainly discusses the relationship between trade relations and labor employment and strives to achieve a balanced development of the two, promote the healthy development of trade, and stabilize employment and people’s livelihood.
The influence of unsure trade policy for China
Authors: Bao Xiao , Cai Zelin , Liu Xiaozhe
Published: April 2024

With the complex world political economic situation, the influence of unsure trade policy for trade, microeconomics, and macroeconomics gained a lot of attraction, which become an up-to-date topic in the political research industry in recent years. This article from the microeconomic of a Chinese entrepreneur perspective, which based on introduces the concept of the unsure trade policy (TPU), its theoretical mechanism, and empirical measurement to have further analysis of unsure political trade’s influence on Chinese companies: First of all, the influence of trade policy uncertainty on the export of Chinese enterprises includes four aspects: the export scale of enterprises, the quality and price of export products, and the technical complexity of export; Second is that the Chinese companies deciding TPU influence, the result may wait and delay investment, evaluate and carefully choose investment projects, adjust supply chains, prudently treat overseas investment and choose to stabilize the market. The end of the article concludes the influence of unsure political trade for Chinese entrepreneurs and expanding the future situation.
Exploring Current Trends and Strategies in Online Marketing for National Beauty Brands: A Case Study of Perfect Diary
Authors: Chen Xi
Published: April 2024

Focusing on The Perfect Diary, this article discusses the rise of national beauty brands and delves into the significance of online end-to-end marketing. The context of the article highlights the rise of national brands globally and emphasises the growth of the Chinese beauty industry. The Perfect Diary is used as a case study because of its historical importance and online marketing success. The development of national beauty brands reflects the rise of the Chinese economy and the evolution of consumer preferences. The analysis includes the evolution of online marketing. Perfect Diary’s strategy and the role of online marketing in the beauty industry. Challenges include increased market competition, changing consumer demands, and the evolution of the online marketing environment. Perfect Diary’s strategy includes innovative marketing on emerging platforms, interaction experiences, and enhanced brand storytelling. The analysis also emphasizes the importance of adapting to the dynamic digital landscape, where Perfect Diary must continually assess and integrate new technologies and trends in social media and e-commerce to maintain a competitive edge in the rapidly evolving beauty industry. In conclusion, Perfect Diary’s success is due to its adaptability, innovation and consumer-centric approach. The article recommends that domestic beauty brands continue to innovate, enhance their brand culture, adopt a diversified marketing strategy and develop a long-term growth plan in order to thrive in a dynamic market.
Profit mechanisms in penny auctions: Unraveling the impact of sunk costs
Authors: Wang Han
Published: April 2024

This study provides a distinctive perspective on the intricate dynamics of penny auctions, which are characterized by incremental bid costs and potential sunk costs, constituting a significant area of research in existing literature. Our research takes a unique approach by specifically delving into the profit mechanisms inherent in penny auctions, with a focused examination on the profound impact of the sunkcost fallacy on bidder behavior. To achieve this, we employ a custom model built upon the structural elements proposed in previous works, aiming to scrutinize the dynamics of bid costs and bid increments. In the course of our investigation, we uncover counterintuitive strategies employed by bidders that have a substantial impact on auctioneer profitability. This revelation contributes to a deeper understanding of bidder decision-making processes and their consequential influence on auction outcomes. By shedding light on these nuanced aspects, our study provides valuable insights that extend the current understanding of the intricate dynamics governing penny auctions. The implications of our findings have relevance not only for academic researchers seeking to expand their knowledge in this domain but also for industry professionals involved in auction platforms, offering practical considerations for optimizing profitability in this unique auction format.
Analysis of big data push and Nash Equilibrium: A case study of live commerce on TikTok
Authors: Tang Yixuan
Published: April 2024

In this growing field of digital marketing, integrating big data strategy and modern commerce has become a revolutionary sales method. The goal of this article is to explore the profound connection between big data push strategies and Nash equilibrium in modern business. Taking the TikTok as an example, I will analyze how big data push is used to influence consumers’ shopping decisions. The article will also explore how this effect reflects the Nash equilibrium principle in game theory. Based on these goals, this study examines in detail how to collect, process and analyze user information on the data platform to create accurate user portraits. The platform can perform targeted push based on user portraits to attract consumers who are most likely to purchase the pushed products. The importance of this study is that it analyzes the combination of big data-driven marketing strategies and game theory concepts to gain a deep understanding of the key role of big data in shaping consumer behavior, as well as the practical application of game theory in current Internet commerce., filling the gap in the academic field in the field of cooperation between classic economic models and modern marketing, and has far-reaching significance for modern economics research.
Primary Pituitary Abscess: Two Case Reports
Authors: Ghosh Sayak R. , Pecorari Isabella L. , Funari Abigail , Ledet Alexander J. , Lally Anne , Karandish Alireza , Agarwal Vijay
Published: April 2024

Introduction Pituitary abscess is a rare disorder that represents a small fraction of all pituitary lesions. In this report, we present two additional cases with unique features to promote awareness and prompt surgical intervention.

Case Presentations A 42-year-old male presented with headache, photophobia, subjective fever, dizziness, imbalance, nausea, and vomiting. A pituitary hormone panel confirmed hypothyroidism and suggested central hypogonadism and secondary adrenal insufficiency. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a large sellar mass measuring 2.5 cm × 1.8 cm × 1.6 cm (CC × XT × AP). A 76-year-old woman presented with several months of headaches and unsteady gait in the setting of a known previously asymptomatic sellar lesion, measuring 1.8 cm × 1.2 cm × 1.5 cm (XT × CC × AP). Repeat MRI demonstrated possible hemorrhage within the lesion. In both cases, a preliminary diagnosis of pituitary macroadenoma was made, but transsphenoidal surgery revealed an encapsulated abscess; cultures obtained from the abscesses stained for gram-positive bacteria.

Conclusion Pituitary abscess is a rare, potentially life-threatening disorder that may be easily mistaken for other sellar lesions. In this review, we contribute two additional cases of pituitary abscesses to increase awareness and emphasize the importance of proper diagnosis and management.
Comparing OLIF Combined with Lateral Screw Fixation versus Minimally Invasive TLIF for Treating Single-Level Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Li Shuo , Yang Zhiyun , Yan Weishun , Da Chaoming , Niu Weimin , Qu Tao
Published: April 2024

Background The present study aimed to compare the clinical and radiologic outcomes of oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) combined with lateral screw fixation and minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (Mis-TLIF) for the treatment of single-level degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS).

Methods Data regarding clinical and radiologic outcomes for single-level DLS treated using OLIF combined with lateral screw fixation or Mis-TLIF between November 2017 and June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.

Results Seventy-five patients with single-level DLS (≥2 years' follow-up) were included and divided into two groups according to the surgical method used: OLIF (n = 33) and Mis-TLIF (n = 42). Operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and length of hospital stay were significantly lower in the OLIF group than that in the Mis-TLIF group. There were no significant differences in preoperative low back pain (LBP), leg pain (LP), visual analog scale (VAS) scores, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) between the two groups, although the OLIF group had significantly lower LBP VAS scores at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Additionally, the LP VAS score was significantly lower in the Mis-TLIF group than that in the OLIF group at 1 month postoperatively, and the ODI of the OLIF group at 3 months postoperatively was significantly lower than that of the Mis-TLIF group. There was no significant difference in the preoperative and postoperative lumbar lordosis angles between the two groups, whereas the postoperative surgical segmental lordosis angle and disk height (at 1, 6, 12, and 24 months) in the OLIF group were significantly higher than those in the Mis-TLIF group. Additionally, there was no significant difference in complication rates between the two groups (18.2% in the OLIF group vs. 11.9% in the Mis-TLIF group; p = 0.520).

Conclusion OLIF combined with lateral screw fixation yielded better clinical and radiologic outcomes than Mis-TLIF in patients with single-level DLS.
Rhinoplasty Health Inventory and Nasal Outcomes (RHINO) Scale: Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation for Hebrew-Speaking Patients
Authors: Eisenbach Netanel , Mizrachi Matti , Dror Amiel A. , Faris Rania , Ohayon Tali Jane , Ronen Ohad , Sela Eyal
Published: April 2024

Patient-reported outcomes questionnaires are accepted measurement tools to evaluate procedures results. The Rhinoplasty Health Inventory and Nasal Outcomes (RHINO) scale is an English-language validated and reliable quality-of-life instrument that evaluates both functional and aesthetic outcomes after rhinoplasty, and is not available in Hebrew. We followed the forward-and-back-translation method, defined by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Translation of the RHINO scale and merging it into one version were performed, following back-translation and validation on native Hebrew-speaking patients who underwent rhinoplasty and control healthy group. Lastly, we review and analyzed the results. The translated questionnaire had high reliability measures, demonstrating homogeneity (α value 0.800 in the rhinoplasty group and 0.896 in the control group), test–retest reproducibility with no significant difference (p = 0.5), and high agreement scores represented by the Bland–Altman plot (95% limits of agreement ranged from 8.78 to 9.80). Validity demonstrated by significant differences between the two study groups' mean questionnaire scores (p < 0.001 for rhinoplasty vs. controls, p < 0.001 for preoperative vs. postoperative, and p = 0.002 for postoperative vs. control group) and also between the aesthetic scores and functional scores of the rhinoplasty group before and after the surgery (p < 0.001). There were no reported understanding problems. The Hebrew version of the RHINO scale is a reliable and valid tool for pre- and post-rhinoplasty surgery outcomes measuring among Hebrew-speaking patients, and can improve coordination of expectations, follow-up, and quantify subjective evaluation of the surgery. Level of evidence: IV.
SFM Fetal Therapy Practice Guidelines: Fetal Cystoscopic Laser Ablation
Authors: Rudrapal Gourisankar , Makkam Adinarayan , Krishnan Vivek
Published: April 2024

Fetal lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) in a male fetus could cause detrimental effects to the KUB (kidney, ureter, and bladder) system from back-pressure changes as well as to the lungs from reduced amniotic fluid. In a carefully selected case where the obstruction causes progressive damage, a therapeutic intervention could be lifesaving. In utero vesico-amniotic shunting has been shown to improve perinatal pulmonary survival, but evidence on improvement of renal outcomes with this procedure is lacking. More recently, fetal cystoscopic laser fulguration has been shown to be beneficial in longer-term survival and renal outcomes. These interventions carry significant risk, and therefore patient selection and optimal timing are key. This guideline lists the intricacies of patient selection, relevant counseling points and procedural details.
Improving Outcome in Severe Myasthenia Gravis and Guillain–Barré Syndrome
Authors: Hawkes Maximiliano A. , Wijdicks Eelco F. M.
Published: April 2024

When progressive and severe, myasthenia gravis and Guillain–Barré syndrome may have the potential for fatal and unfavorable clinical outcomes. Regardless of important differences in their clinical course, the development of weakness of oropharyngeal muscles and respiratory failure with requirement of mechanical ventilation is the main driver of poor prognosis in both conditions. The need for prolonged mechanical ventilation is particularly relevant because it immobilizes the patient and care becomes extraordinarily complex due to daily risks of systemic complications. Additionally, patients with myasthenia gravis often require long-term immunosuppressive treatments with associated toxicity and infectious risks. Unlike myasthenia gravis, the recovery period is prolonged in Guillain–Barré syndrome, but often favorable, even in the more severely affected patients. Outcome, for a large part, is determined by expert neurocritical care.
Exploring impacts of wind turbines on carbon capture facilities
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: April 2024

Wind turbines can affect the carbon dioxide concentration in their wake, leading to potential synergies with carbon capture technologies.
Origin of discrete donor–acceptor pair transitions in 2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites
Authors: Gorji Setatira , Krečmarová Marie , Molina Alejandro , Asensio Maria C. , Gualdrón-Reyes Andrés F. , Rodríguez-Romero Jesús , Pashaei-Adl Hamid , Canet-Albiach Rodolfo , Schio Luca , Tormen Massimo , Floreano Luca , Mora-Seró Iván , Martínez Pastor Juan P. , Sánchez-Royo Juan Francisco , Muñoz Matutano Guillermo
Published: April 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals nanomaterials have attracted considerable attention for potential use in photonic and light–matter applications at the nanoscale. Thanks to their excitonic properties, 2D perovskites are also promising active materials to be included in devices working at room temperature. In this work, we study the presence of very narrow and spatially localized optical transitions in 2D lead halide perovskites by μ-photoluminescence and time-decay measurements. These discrete optical transitions are characterized by sub-millielectronvolt linewidths (≃120μeV) and long decay times (5–8 ns). X-ray photoemission and density-functional theory calculations have been employed to investigate the chemical origin of electronic states responsible of these transitions. The association of phenethylammonium with methylammonium cations into 2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites, (PEA)2(MA)n−1PbnI3n+1, particularly in phases with n≥2, has been identified as a mechanism of donor–acceptor pair (DAP) formation, corresponding to the displacement of lead atoms and their replacement by methylammonium. Ionized DAP recombination is identified as the most likely physical source of the observed discrete optical emission lines. The analysis of the experimental data with a simple model, which evaluates the Coulombic interaction between ionized acceptors and donors, returns a donor in Bohr radius of the order of ≃10 nm. The analysis of the spectral and electronic characteristics of these single donor–acceptor states in 2D perovskites is of particular importance both from the point of view of fundamental research, as well as to be able to link the emission of these states with new optoelectronic applications that require long-range optically controllable interactions.
Ion dynamics in standing electromagnetic wave near the cyclotron resonance
Authors: Fruchtman A. , Makrinich G.
Published: April 2024

The dynamics of ions under the forces exerted by a planar standing electromagnetic wave near the cyclotron resonance is studied. It is shown that ions whose cyclotron frequency is larger than the wave frequency are pushed by the ponderomotive force toward and oscillate around the wave magnetic node, while ions whose cyclotron frequency is smaller than the wave frequency are pushed to and oscillate around the wave electric node. When the difference between the cyclotron frequency and the wave frequency is large, the ion motion is governed by a time independent ponderomotive potential. When that difference is small, the ion oscillates around the wave magnetic node with varying-in-time amplitude and frequency, described approximately by solutions of the Mathieu equation. Difficulties in using such a configuration for mass separation are discussed.
An incoherent Thomson scattering system for measurements near plasma boundaries
Authors: Suazo Betancourt Jean Luis , Lopez-Uricoechea Julian , Butler-Craig Naia , Steinberg Adam M. , Walker Mitchell L. R.
Published: April 2024

Laser Thomson scattering (LTS) is a minimally invasive measurement technique used for determining electron properties in plasma systems. Sheath model closure validation requires minimally invasive measurements of the electron properties that traverse the boundaries between the bulk plasma, the presheath, and the plasma sheath. Several studies have probed the radial properties along the surface of discharge electrodes with laser-based diagnostics and electrostatic probes. These measurements provide valuable insight into the electron properties in this dynamic region. However, sheath model calibration requires plasma property measurements perpendicular to plasma bounding surfaces, in this case, along the electrode normal vector between discharge electrodes. This work presents the development of a discharge plasma cell and laser Thomson scattering system with a measurement volume step of 1 mm normal to plasma bounding surfaces. The laser Thomson scattering measurements are made between a set of discharge electrodes separated by ∼25 mm that are used to generate a pulsed argon plasma. The spatial distribution of electron temperature and density is measured at several discharge voltages between 8 and 20 kV at a pressure of 8 Torr-Ar. It is determined that the system is statistically stationary and resembles a classic DC discharge plasma. The results are some of the first laser diagnostic-based “between electrode” measurements made along the plasma bounding electrode normal vector. A one-dimensional sheath model is applied to determine the near cathode electron properties, and it is determined that the edge of the presheath is probed in the high-voltage cases. As the lengths of the presheath and sheath decrease with decreasing voltage, the region recedes below the closest probed point to the cathode. To improve the performance of the diagnostic, the step size of the interrogation volume should decrease by an order of magnitude from 1 mm to less than 100 μm, and the data acquisition strategy should be revised to increase the signal-to-noise ratio.
A theory of magnetoresistance of non-magnetic metal on magnon valves
Authors: Wang X. R.
Published: April 2024

One recent exciting development in the field of magnonics is the discovery of universal unusual anisotropic magnetoresistance (UAMR) in nanometer-thick non-magnetic (NM) metallic bars that are deposited on magnon valves of two ferromagnetic insulators (FIs) sandwiching an NM metal. This UAMR has the same angular dependencies as various bilayers consisting of at least one magnetic layer and at least one metallic layer. This suggests that the UAMR of different systems may originate from the same physics, which is yet to be fully understood. Here, we reveal the common feature shared by all these systems: two-vector dependencies of tensor quantities. Specifically, the resistivity of an NM metallic bar depends on the magnetization of its adjacent FI due to the quantum penetration of itinerant electrons of the metallic bar into the FI and on a perpendicular field at the interface of the bar and the FI. We demonstrate that the two-vector dependence of the resistivity tensor is responsible for the observed universal UAMR of metallic bars on magnon valves, independent of the details of the microscopic interactions in different materials. We also propose experiments that can test this theory.
High-throughput thermoelectric materials screening by deep convolutional neural network with fused orbital field matrix and composition descriptors
Authors: Al-Fahdi Mohammed , Yuan Kunpeng , Yao Yagang , Rurali Riccardo , Hu Ming
Published: April 2024

Thermoelectric materials harvest waste heat and convert it into reusable electricity. Thermoelectrics are also widely used in inverse ways such as refrigerators and cooling electronics. However, most popular and known thermoelectric materials to date were proposed and found by intuition, mostly through experiments. Unfortunately, it is extremely time and resource consuming to synthesize and measure the thermoelectric properties through trial-and-error experiments. Here, we develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) classification model that utilizes the fused orbital field matrix and composition descriptors to screen a large pool of materials to discover new thermoelectric candidates with power factor higher than 10 μW/cm K2. The model used our own data generated by high-throughput density functional theory calculations coupled with ab initio scattering and transport package to obtain electronic transport properties without assuming constant relaxation time of electrons, which ensures more reliable electronic transport properties calculations than previous studies. The classification model was also compared to some traditional machine learning algorithms such as gradient boosting and random forest. We deployed the classification model on 3465 cubic dynamically stable structures with non-zero bandgap screened from Open Quantum Materials Database. We identified many high-performance thermoelectric materials with ZT > 1 or close to 1 across a wide temperature range from 300 to 700 K and for both n- and p-type doping with different doping concentrations. Moreover, our feature importance and maximal information coefficient analysis demonstrates two previously unreported material descriptors, namely, mean melting temperature and low average deviation of electronegativity, that are strongly correlated with power factor and thus provide a new route for quickly screening potential thermoelectrics with high success rate. Our deep CNN model with fused orbital field matrix and composition descriptors is very promising for screening high power factor thermoelectrics from large-scale hypothetical structures.
Atomic hydrogen production in a cold plasma for application in a metal foil pump
Authors: Kathage Yannick , Hanke Stefan , Giegerich Thomas , Day Christian
Published: April 2024

Any good design of fuel cycles for thermonuclear fusion reactors, which operate on deuterium-tritium fusion, comes with minimized tritium inventory. The direct internal recycling concept can significantly reduce the tritium inventory of a fusion power plant by introducing a bypass for most of the unburned fuel from the torus exhaust. It requires a technology that can sharply separate hydrogen isotopes from other gases in the given environment in the reactor's pump duct. The prime candidate for this task is a metal foil pump (MFP) using plasma-driven permeation. A workflow toward a performance predicting modeling tool of a MFP is introduced. It is based on the characterization of the employed cold plasma by using a plasma simulation, which is experimentally validated using optical emission spectroscopy and the actinometry method. The used approach accounts for the radial inhomogeneity of the linearly extended plasma. We determine the atomic hydrogen content down to pressures of 1 Pa and condense the complex processes that contribute to the hydrogen atom production into a single excitation probability. This value can be used in Monte Carlo based modeling approaches to determine the particle exhaust performance of the vacuum pump.
Crystallographic and band structure analysis of β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3/β-(InyGa1−y)2O3 thin film grown on β-Ga2O3 substrate via mist CVD
Authors: Kaneko Masahiro , Nishinaka Hiroyuki , Yoshimoto Masahiro
Published: April 2024

We successfully achieved the growth of a stacked layer composed of β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3/β-(InyGa1−y)2O3 on a (010) β-Ga2O3 substrate using mist chemical vapor deposition (CVD). X-ray diffraction and reciprocal space mapping analyses were conducted, elucidating that the multilayer structure of the β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3/β-(InyGa1−y)2O3 thin film exhibited excellent crystallinity and coherent growth. Scanning transmission electron microscopy further revealed a continuous atomic arrangement at the heterointerface of β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3/β-(InyGa1−y)2O3. Furthermore, the bandgap values of β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 and β-(InyGa1−y)2O3 thin films were determined to be 5.21 and 4.62 eV, respectively, through electron energy-loss spectroscopy. Notably, a slight broadening was observed in the bandgap transition at the interface of β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3/β-(InyGa1−y)2O3. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis indicated that this phenomenon could be attributed to the diffusion of In into the β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 thin film layer. These results support mist CVD as a promising growth technique for developing β-Ga2O3-based heterojunction devices.
Modal stability analysis of the density-stratified plane Couette–Poiseuille flow
Authors: Khandelwal Manish K. , Khan A. , Bera P.
Published: April 2024

Shear and density stratification strongly affect the flow mechanism of the different atmospheric and ocean flows. In this paper, we investigate the stability characteristics of plane Couette–Poiseuille (CP) flow with stable density stratification in the vertical direction. A modal stability analysis is carried out to examine the exponentially growing instability of stratified plane CP flow under different controlling parameters. The domain of the flow is periodic in streamwise and vertical directions. The stability problem is solved numerically using the spectral collocation method. The present analysis is carried out for Reynolds number Re=104 with different speeds of moving wall and different strengths of stratification. The results show that the mass diffusivity impact on the flow instability mechanism is almost negligible beyond the Schmidt number Sc≥20. The three-dimensional mode is generally the most unstable mode for density-stratified CP flow. However, the most unstable mode in unstratified CP flow is always two-dimensional. In contrast to unstratified CP flow, the density-stratified CP flow is unstable even moving wall velocity exceeds 70% of the center velocity of the plane Poiseuille flow component. It is also observed that the moving wall velocity and density stratification simultaneously affect the stability of the flow, which shows the importance of the shear and stratification in the flow.