bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Friction Between Football Helmet and Jersey Materials on Force: A Consideration for Sport Safety
Authors: Rossi Anthony M. , Claiborne Tina L. , Thompson Gregory B. , Todaro Stacey
Published: November 2016

Context:

The pocketing effect of helmet padding helps to dissipate forces experienced by the head, but if the player's helmet remains stationary in an opponent's shoulder pads, the compressive force on the cervical spine may increase.

Objective:

To (1) measure the coefficient of static friction between different football helmet finishes and football jersey fabrics and (2) calculate the potential amount of force on a player's helmet due to the amount of friction present.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Setting:

Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:

Helmets with different finishes and different football jersey fabrics.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

The coefficient of friction was determined for 2 helmet samples (glossy and matte), 3 football jerseys (collegiate, high school, and youth), and 3 types of jersey numbers (silkscreened, sublimated, and stitched on) using the TAPPI T 815 standard method. These measurements determined which helmet-to-helmet, helmet-to-jersey number, and helmet-to-jersey material combination resulted in the least amount of static friction.

Results:

The glossy helmet versus glossy helmet combination produced a greater amount of static friction than the other 2 helmet combinations (P = .013). The glossy helmet versus collegiate jersey combination produced a greater amount of static friction than the other helmet-to-jersey material combinations (P < .01). The glossy helmet versus silkscreened numbers combination produced a greater amount of static friction than the other helmet-to-jersey number combinations (P < .01).

Conclusions:

The force of static friction experienced during collisions can be clinically relevant. Conditions with higher coefficients of static friction result in greater forces. In this study, the highest coefficient of friction (glossy helmet versus silkscreened number) could increase the forces on the player's helmet by 3553.88 N when compared with other helmet-to-jersey combinations. Our results indicate that the makeup of helmet and uniform materials may affect sport safety.
Ruminating on Justin S. Ukpong’s inculturation hermeneutics and its implications for the study of African Biblical Hermeneutics today
Authors: Masenya Madipoane
Published: November 2016

In African biblical scholarship, the concept of inculturation hermeneutics has come to be almost, if not always, linked to the late Professor Justin S. Ukpong, the Nigerian New Testament scholar. In inculturation hermeneutics, argued Ukpong, the past of the biblical text is not supposed to be studied as an end in itself, but as a means to an end. Ukpong (2002) could thus argue: ‘Thus in inculturation hermeneutics, the past collapses into the present, and exegesis fuses with hermeneutics’ (p. 18). What does Ukpong’s concept of inculturation hermeneutics actually entail? Which implications does his notion of the fusion of exegesis and hermeneutics have for the theory and praxis of African Biblical Hermeneutics particularly on the African continent today? The preceding questions will be engaged with in this article.
Cardiovascular MRI of the pericardium: A case review of the anatomy, scan protocols and pathology of the pericardium
Authors: Durand Miranda
Published: November 2016

The aim of this article was to present a case based review of the anatomy, scan protocols and pathology of the pericardium. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging provides excellent anatomic depiction of the pericardium, vital information on myocardial infiltration and characterisation of mass lesions and pericardial effusions. It adds valuable information in the assessment of complicated pericardial disease.
Imaging for cardiac electrophysiology
Authors: Desjardins Benoit
Published: November 2016

Clinical cardiac electrophysiology is the study of the origin and treatment of arrhythmia. There has been considerable recent development in this field, where imaging has had a transformational impact. In this invited review, we offer a global overview of the most important developments in the use of imaging in cardiac electrophysiology. We first describe the radiological imaging modalities involved in cardiac electrophysiology, to assess cardiac anatomy, function and scar. We then introduce an imaging modality with which readers are probably unfamiliar (electroanatomical mapping [EAM]), but which is routinely used by electrophysiologists to plan and guide cardiac mapping and cardiac ablation therapy by catheter, a therapy which can reduce or even cure arrhythmia. We identify the limitations of EAM and describe how radiological imaging modalities can complement this technique. We then describe and illustrate how imaging has helped the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic conditions, and how imaging is used to plan and guide clinical cardiac electrophysiologic procedures and assess their results and complications. We focus on the two most common arrhythmias for which imaging has the greatest impact: atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia.
Risperidone-induced Enuresis in a 12-year-old Child
Authors: Dikshit Reetika , Karia Sagar , De Sousa Avinash
Published: November 2016

Risperidone has been documented to be effective in the management of behavior problems, aggression, and conduct disorder in children. While metabolic side effects like weight gain and obesity have been attributed to Risperidone use in children, side effects of the drug related to the urinary bladder are rare. We present a case of Risperidone-induced enuresis in a 12-year-old boy with conduct disorder that resolved completely after stopping the medication.
Clinical impression and Western Aphasia Battery classification of aphasia in acute ischemic stroke: Is there a discrepancy?
Authors: John Aju Abraham , Javali Mahendra , Mahale Rohan , Mehta Anish , Acharya P. T. , Srinivasa R.
Published: November 2016

Background: Language disturbance is a common symptom of stroke, a prompt identifier of the event, and can cause devastating cognitive impairments. There are many inconsistencies and discrepancies between the different methods used for its evaluation. The relationship between Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) and a simple bedside clinical examination is not clear. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine if bedside clinical impression of aphasia type can reliably predict WAB classification of aphasia and to describe the discrepancies between them. Materials and Methods: Eighty-two consecutive cases of acute ischemic stroke and aphasia were evaluated with bedside aphasia assessment, handedness by Edinburgh Handedness Inventory and WAB scoring was done. Kappa statistics was used to find the overall agreement of clinical impression and WAB. Results: Disagreement was seen predominantly for the nonfluent aphasias when the clinical impression was compared with WAB classification. WAB also had diagnosed three cases as having anomic aphasia using taxonomic classification, but same cases had normal language by aphasia quotient scoring of WAB. There was an overall agreement of 63.4% between patient’s bedside clinical impression and WAB classification of aphasia, with a P< 0.001. Conclusion: Clinical impression was fairly reliable, as compared to WAB in assessing the type of aphasia. Clinical impression was appropriate in an acute setting, but WAB was required to quantify the severity of deficit, which may help in accessing prognosis, monitoring progression, and rehabilitation planning. Along with WAB, a bedside clinical impression should be done for all the patients to strengthen the description of aphasic deficit.
Outcome Prediction after Traumatic Brain Injury: Comparison of the Performance of Routinely Used Severity Scores and Multivariable Prognostic Models
Authors: Majdan Marek , Brazinova Alexandra , Rusnak Martin , Leitgeb Johannes
Published: November 2016

Objectives: Prognosis of outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is important in the assessment of quality of care and can help improve treatment and outcome. The aim of this study was to compare the prognostic value of relatively simple injury severity scores between each other and against a gold standard model – the IMPACT-extended (IMP-E) multivariable prognostic model. Materials and Methods: For this study, 866 patients with moderate/severe TBI from Austria were analyzed. The prognostic performances of the Glasgow coma scale (GCS), GCS motor (GCSM) score, abbreviated injury scale for the head region, Marshall computed tomographic (CT) classification, and Rotterdam CT score were compared side-by-side and against the IMP-E score. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) and Nagelkerke's R
2 were used to assess the prognostic performance. Outcomes at the Intensive Care Unit, at hospital discharge, and at 6 months (mortality and unfavorable outcome) were used as end-points. Results: Comparing AUCs and R
2s of the same model across four outcomes, only little variation was apparent. A similar pattern is observed when comparing the models between each other: Variation of AUCs <±0.09 and R
2s by up to ±0.17 points suggest that all scores perform similarly in predicting outcomes at various points (AUCs: 0.65–0.77; R
2s: 0.09–0.27). All scores performed significantly worse than the IMP-E model (with AUC > 0.83 and R
2 > 0.42 for all outcomes): AUCs were worse by 0.10–0.22 (P < 0.05) and R
2s were worse by 0.22–0.39 points. Conclusions: All tested simple scores can provide reasonably valid prognosis. However, it is confirmed that well-developed multivariable prognostic models outperform these scores significantly and should be used for prognosis in patients after TBI wherever possible.
Not only the Sugar, Early infarct sign, hyperDense middle cerebral artery, Age, Neurologic deficit score but also atrial fibrillation is predictive for symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage after intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator
Authors: Muengtaweepongsa Sombat , Prapa-Anantachai Pornpoj , Dharmasaroja Pornpat A.
Published: November 2016

Background: Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) is the most unwanted adverse event in patients with acute ischemic stroke who received intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (i.v. rt-PA). Many tool scores are available to predict the probability of sICH. Among those scores, the Sugar, Early infarct sign, hyperDense middle cerebral artery, Age, Neurologic deficit (SEDAN) gives the highest area under the curve-receiver operating characteristic value. Objective: We aimed to examine any factors other than the SEDAN score to predict the probability of sICH. Methods: Patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with i.v. rt-PA within 4.5 h time window from January 2010 to July 2012 were evaluated. Compiling demographic data, risk factors, and comorbidity (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation (AF), ischemic heart disease, valvular heart disease, previous stroke, gout, smoking cigarette, drinking alcoholic beverage, family history of stroke, and family history of ischemic heart disease), computed tomography scan of patients prior to treatment with rt-PA, and assessing the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score for the purpose of calculating SEDAN score were analyzed. Results: Of 314 patients treated with i.v. rt-PA, there were 46 ICH cases (14.6%) with 14 sICH (4.4%) and 32 asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage cases (10.2%). The rate of sICH occurrence was increased in accordance with the increase in the SEDAN score and AF. Age over 75 years, early infarction, hyperdense cerebral artery, baseline blood sugar more than 12 mmol/l, NIHSS as 10 or more, and AF were the risk factors to develop sICH after treated with rt-PA at 1.535, 2.501, 1.093, 1.276, 1.253, and 2.492 times, respectively. Conclusions: Rather than the SEDAN score, AF should be a predictor of sICH in patients with acute ischemic stroke after i.v. rt-PA treatment in Thai population.
Decomposing Educational Inequalities in Child Mortality: A Temporal Trend Analysis of Access to Water and Sanitation in Peru
Authors: Bohra Tasneem , Benmarhnia Tarik , McKinnon Britt , Kaufman Jay S.
Published: November 2016

Previous studies of inequality in health and mortality have largely focused on income-based inequality. Maternal education plays an important role in determining access to water and sanitation, and inequalities in child mortality arising due to differential access, especially in low- and middle-income countries such as Peru. This article aims to explain education-related inequalities in child mortality in Peru using a regression-based decomposition of the concentration index of child mortality. The analysis combines a concentration index created along a cumulative distribution of the Demographic and Health Surveys sample ranked according to maternal education, and decomposition measures the contribution of water and sanitation to educational inequalities in child mortality. We observed a large education-related inequality in child mortality and access to water and sanitation. There is a need for programs and policies in child health to focus on ensuring equity and to consider the educational stratification of the population to target the most disadvantaged segments of the population.
Seasonal Variation in Drinking and Domestic Water Sources and Quality in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Kumpel Emily , Cock-Esteb Alicea , Duret Michel , de Waal Dominick , Khush Ranjiv
Published: November 2016

We compared dry and rainy season water sources and their quality in the urban region of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Representative sampling indicated that municipal water supplies represent < 1% of the water sources. Residents rely on privately constructed and maintained boreholes that are supplemented by commercially packaged bottled and sachet drinking water. Contamination by thermotolerant coliforms increased from 21% of drinking water sources in the dry season to 42% of drinking water sources in the rainy season (N = 356 and N = 397). The most significant increase was in sachet water, which showed the lowest frequencies of contamination in the dry season compared with other sources (15%, N = 186) but the highest frequencies during the rainy season (59%, N = 76). Only half as many respondents reported drinking sachet water in the rainy season as in the dry season. Respondents primarily used flush or pour-flush toilets connected to septic tanks (85%, N = 399). The remainder relied on pit latrines and hanging (pier) latrines that drained into surface waters. We found significant associations between fecal contamination in boreholes and the nearby presence of hanging latrines. Sanitary surveys of boreholes showed that more than half were well-constructed, and we did not identify associations between structural or site deficiencies and microbial water quality. The deterioration of drinking water quality during the rainy season is a serious public health risk for both untreated groundwater and commercially packaged water, highlighting a need to address gaps in monitoring and quality control.
Mitochondrial Gene Confirms the Specific Status of Triatoma pintodiasi Jurberg, Cunha, and Rocha, 2013 (Hemiptera, Triatominae), an Endemic Species in Brazil
Authors: Alevi Kaio Cesar Chaboli , Guerra Ana Letícia , Imperador Carlos Henrique Lima , Jurberg José , Moreira Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo , Oliveira Maria Tercília Vilela de Azeredo
Published: November 2016

Chagas disease is most frequently transmitted to humans through contact with feces of insects from the Triatominae subfamily. In Brazil, there are 65 species of triatomines distributed throughout the country's 27 states. Among the species in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Triatoma rubrovaria, Triatoma oliveirai, Triatoma pintodiasi, Triatoma klugi, Triatoma carcavalloi, and Triatoma circummaculata (with the addition Triatoma limai, which is endemic to Argentina) form the T. rubrovaria subcomplex. The last species described and grouped into this subcomplex was T. pintodiasi. Thus, this study characterized the genetic distance between T. pintodiasi and of the other members of the T. rubrovaria subcomplex to evaluate the specific status of T. pintodiasi. The genetic distance observed between T. pintodiasi and the other species of the T. rubrovaria subcomplex was large, a finding which highlights the specific status of the species considered to be cryptic of T. circummaculata.
Reconstruction of North American drainage basins and river discharge since the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Wickert Andrew D.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Over the last glacial cycle, ice sheets and the resultant glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) rearranged river systems. As these riverine threads that tied the ice sheets to the sea were stretched, severed, and restructured, they also shrank and swelled with the pulse of meltwater inputs and time-varying drainage basin areas, and sometimes delivered enough meltwater to the oceans in the right places to influence global climate. Here I present a general method to compute past river flow paths, drainage basin geometries, and river discharges, by combining models of past ice sheets, glacial isostatic adjustment, and climate. The result is a time series of synthetic paleohydrographs and drainage basin maps from the Last Glacial Maximum to present for nine major drainage basins – the Mississippi, Rio Grande, Colorado, Columbia, Mackenzie, Hudson Bay, Saint Lawrence, Hudson, and Susquehanna/Chesapeake Bay. These are based on five published reconstructions of the North American ice sheets. I compare these maps with drainage reconstructions and discharge histories based on a review of observational evidence, including river deposits and terraces, isotopic records, mineral provenance markers, glacial moraine histories, and evidence of ice stream and tunnel valley flow directions. The sharp boundaries of the reconstructed past drainage basins complement the flexurally smoothed GIA signal that is more often used to validate ice-sheet reconstructions, and provide a complementary framework to reduce nonuniqueness in model reconstructions of the North American ice-sheet complex.
Evaluation of Monte Carlo tools for high energy atmospheric physics
Authors: Rutjes Casper , Sarria David , Skeltved Alexander Broberg , Luque Alejandro , Diniz Gabriel , Østgaard Nikolai , Ebert Ute
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The emerging field of high energy atmospheric physics (HEAP) includes terrestrial gamma-ray flashes, electron–positron beams and gamma-ray glows from thunderstorms. Similar emissions of high energy particles occur in pulsed high voltage discharges. Understanding these phenomena requires appropriate models for the interaction of electrons, positrons and photons of up to 40 MeV energy with atmospheric air. In this paper, we benchmark the performance of the Monte Carlo codes Geant4, EGS5 and FLUKA developed in other fields of physics and of the custom-made codes GRRR and MC-PEPTITA against each other within the parameter regime relevant for high energy atmospheric physics. We focus on basic tests, namely on the evolution of monoenergetic and directed beams of electrons, positrons and photons with kinetic energies between 100 keV and 40 MeV through homogeneous air in the absence of electric and magnetic fields, using a low energy cutoff of 50 keV. We discuss important differences between the results of the different codes and provide plausible explanations. We also test the computational performance of the codes. The Supplement contains all results, providing a first benchmark for present and future custom-made codes that are more flexible in including electrodynamic interactions.
Defining flood risk in a multivariate framework: Application on the
Panaro watershed
Authors: Michailidi Eleni Maria , Bacchi Baldassare
Published: November 2016

Abstract. One of the most important tasks a hydrologist must face is to estimate the hydrological risk (i.e. probability) of a variable exceeding a certain threshold. This risk is often expressed in terms of a Return Period, T, and refers to the failure of the hydraulic structure which controls this variable. Sometimes the "structure" is simply the river embankmentsthe failure of which means their overtopping by the river. The widely adopted definition of T, in a problem regarding the maxima of hydro-logical variables, is "the average time elapsing between two successive occurrences of an event exceeding a given magnitude of the natural variables". Conventional approaches for the estimation of T involve a single natural variable (i.e. flood peak, maximum rainfall intensity, etc.) and its frequency analysis. However, a univariate approach in complex problems ignores the effect of other significant variables leading to different risk levels for each quantity of interest and resulting in an inaccurate estimate of the risk-often wrongfully set equal to the risk of the hydrological event. For example, if one considers the flood inflow in a lake around which establishments are positioned, the variable to be investigated relating to risk assessment is the lake water level. The same water level may occur from very different flood hydrographs, even when the same initial water level and specific spillway characteristics are taken into account. We considered this a result of the interaction of three joint factors: the hydrograph's peak, volume and shape. Consequently, we apply a multivariate distribution framework (using copula functions) in order to find a region where all underlying events are assigned to the same risk- associated here to the maximum water level.
On the mechanical behaviour of a low-angle normal fault: the Alto Tiberina fault (Northern Apennines, Italy) system case study
Authors: Vadacca Luigi , Casarotti Emanuele , Chiaraluce Lauro , Cocco Massimo
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Geological and seismological observations have been used to parameterize 2-D numerical elastic models to simulate the interseismic deformation of a complex extensional fault system located in the Northern Apennines (Italy). The geological system is dominated by the presence of the Alto Tiberina fault (ATF), a large (60 km along strike) low-angle normal fault dipping 20° in the brittle crust (0–15 km).  The ATF is currently characterized by a high and constant rate of microseismic activity, and no moderate-to-large magnitude earthquakes have been associated with this fault in the past 1000 years. Modelling results have been compared with GPS data in order to understand the mechanical behaviour of this fault and a suite of minor syn- and antithetic normal fault segments located in the main fault hanging wall. The results of the simulations demonstrate the active role played by the Alto Tiberina fault in accommodating the ongoing tectonic extension in this sector of the chain. The GPS velocity profile constructed through the fault system cannot be explained without including the ATF's contribution to deformation, indicating that this fault, although misoriented, has to be considered tectonically active and with a creeping behaviour below 5 km depth. The low-angle normal fault also shows a high degree of tectonic coupling with its main antithetic fault (the Gubbio fault), suggesting that creeping along the ATF may control the observed strain localization and the pattern of microseismic activity.
International students’ social media use and social adjustment
Authors: Seo Hyunjin , Harn Ren-Whei , Ebrahim Husain , Aldana José
Published: November 2016

Based on a survey of international students enrolled in a U.S. university, this study examines how social media use is associated with perceived social support and adjustment when demographic and social psychological characteristics are controlled for. Our research shows that level of social media use is positively associated with level of perceived social adjustment but not with level of perceived social support. International students don’t feel comfortable discussing their distress via social media due to complex cultural internetworking present in the online networking sphere. The results of this study indicate that in studying this topic we should take into account both common challenges in getting social support online and special circumstances facing international students. The current study offers scholarly and policy implications for providing relevant social, academic, and professional resources to international students in the United States — a group that has significantly grown in numbers in the past decade.
Bitácora a la deriva. Para una rebelión. Hacia una literatura transmedia comprometida con nuestro tiempo
Authors: Hernández Ruiz Javier
Published: November 2016

Reseña de MIÑANA, Jaime (2015). Bitácora a la deriva. Para una rebelión. Madrid: Esto no es Berlín.
Iglesia liberadora, rearticulación de la política y protesta social en Chile (1973-1989)
Authors: Bravo Vargas Viviana
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this article is to reconstruct and analyze the singular role the Catholic Church assumed both as a space and as a political actor during the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet in Chile. On the one hand, it examines the work of the Committed Christians during the national protest days initiated on a massive scale in May of 1983; and, on the other, it highlights the wealth of its archives for understanding the Chilean social protest that circumvented the censorship of the time. With this objective, the article presents information obtained through interviews of agents of ecclesiastic communities and leftist militants, as well documents, photos and reports conserved in its document archives. Finally, it concludes that the diverse initiatives undertaken to defend human rights and to regenerate the social fabric offered a solid institutional framework to break through the censorship and to articulate grassroots political practices during the period studied.
La acción comunitaria en la inserción social en Montreal: un estudio de caso en la colectividad haitiana
Authors: Vega Vega Reina Victoria , Klein Juan Luis
Published: November 2016

This article examines contributions to the strengthening of social cohesion by community organizations for social integration in the city of Montreal, based on the Center N A Rive case. The aim is to identify the strategies used by these organizations in order to increase social cohesion on the basis of immigrant integration. The methodology used is the case study. The research made it possible to identify the social innovations the organization studied had achieved in the field of literacy among adult immigrants, as well as its contributions in terms of access to employment, civic empowerment of immigrants at risk of social exclusion, and development of social entrepreneurship among immigrants.
Events of potential learning: how preschoolers produce curriculum at the computer during free play periods
Authors: Bevemyr Mats , Björk-Willén Polly
Published: November 2016

The Swedish preschool curriculum emphasizes children’s learning through play. This means that children’s learning in everyday practice is accomplished through a complex mixture of teacher-led activities and activities the children themselves initiate. When learning is viewed as situated and constituted through social interaction (Lave & Wenger, 1991), almost all social events have learning potential. Consequently, from an educational and a curriculum point of view it is important to raise the question of how children’s learning can be made visible, and determine what kind of learning children’s own initiated (play) activities imply. The focus of the paper is on children’s (aged 3-5 years) “communities of practice” at the computer during “free play” period in two various Swedish preschools settings. Events of peer interaction are analyzed in detail to illustrate what kind of learning activities are going on at the computer, and to discuss these events of potential learning in relation to the curriculum goals and the educational practice. From a curriculum point of view, the analyses show that the children’s activities at the computer involve a variety of events that might provides for learning that can be viewed as goal-oriented. From the children’s point of view, the project of socialization seems to be the most prominent goal. A crucial point for educational success, however, is to understand not only what the object of learning is, rather what motivates children’s play apprenticeship in their own “communities of practice”.
Herbarium-based studies on taxonomy, biogeography and ecology ofPsilochilus(Orchidaceae)
Authors: Kolanowska Marta , Naczk Aleksandra M. , Jaskuła Radomir
Published: November 2016

Background

Psilochilusis a poorly studied orchid genus distributed from southern Mexico to south-eastern Brazil. A taxonomic revision of this Neotropical endemic based on morphological data is presented.

Material and Methods

Over 170 dried herbarium specimens and flowers preserved in liquid ofPsilochiluswere analyzed. Morphological variation among examined taxa was described based on multivariate analysis. To evaluate the similarity between niches occupied by variousPsilochilusspecies ecological niche modeling (ENM) was applied. Species richness and the distribution patterns ofPsilochilusrepresentatives were analyzed based on squares of 5° latitude and longitude while similarities among floras between biogeographical units were measured using the Bray-Curtis index for presence/absence data.

Results and Discussion

A new species of theP. physurifolius-complex is described based on Central American material.Psilochilus crenatifoliusis reduced to the rank of variety asP. macrophyllusvar.crenatifolius. A key to 18 acceptedPsilochilusspecies is provided. The illustrations of perianth segments of all recognized taxa are presented. The climatic niches preferred by the particularPsilochilusrepresentatives are well separated based on ecological niche modeling analysis. Their distribution is limited mainly by the isothermality and temperature seasonality. The highestPsilochilusspecies richness is observed in the North Andean, Panamanian, Brazilian Planalto and Central American biogeographical provinces. A high level of endemism is observed in all those regions as well as Yungas biogeographical province. MostPsilochilusspecies occur in areas above 800 m of elevation. The populations were most often reported from the tropical rain forest and tropical moist deciduous forest.
Planning horizon affects prophylactic decision-making and epidemic dynamics
Authors: Nardin Luis G. , Miller Craig R. , Ridenhour Benjamin J. , Krone Stephen M. , Joyce Paul , Baumgaertner Bert O.
Published: November 2016

The spread of infectious diseases can be impacted by human behavior, and behavioral decisions often depend implicitly on a planning horizon—the time in the future over which options are weighed. We investigate the effects of planning horizons on epidemic dynamics. We developed an epidemiological agent-based model (along with an ODE analog) to explore the decision-making of self-interested individuals on adopting prophylactic behavior. The decision-making process incorporates prophylaxis efficacy and disease prevalence with the individuals’ payoffs and planning horizon. Our results show that for short and long planning horizons individuals do not consider engaging in prophylactic behavior. In contrast, individuals adopt prophylactic behavior when considering intermediate planning horizons. Such adoption, however, is not always monotonically associated with the prevalence of the disease, depending on the perceived protection efficacy and the disease parameters. Adoption of prophylactic behavior reduces the epidemic peak size while prolonging the epidemic and potentially generates secondary waves of infection. These effects can be made stronger by increasing the behavioral decision frequency or distorting an individual’s perceived risk of infection.
RGFA: powerful and convenient handling of assembly graphs
Authors: Gonnella Giorgio , Kurtz Stefan
Published: November 2016

The “Graphical Fragment Assembly” (GFA) is an emerging format for the representation of sequence assembly graphs, which can be adopted by both de Bruijn graph- and string graph-based assemblers. Here we present RGFA, an implementation of the proposed GFA specification in Ruby. It allows the user to conveniently parse, edit and write GFA files. Complex operations such as the separation of the implicit instances of repeats and the merging of linear paths can be performed. A typical application of RGFA is the editing of a graph, to finish the assembly of a sequence, using information not available to the assembler. We illustrate a use case, in which the assembly of a repetitive metagenomic fosmid insert was completed using a script based on RGFA. Furthermore, we show how the API provided by RGFA can be employed to design complex graph editing algorithms. As an example, we developed a detection algorithm for CRISPRs in a de Bruijn graph. Finally, RGFA can be used for comparing assembly graphs, e.g., to document the changes in a graph after applying a GUI editor. A program, GFAdiff is provided, which compares the information in two graphs, and generate a report or a Ruby script documenting the transformation steps between the graphs.
The Impact of Intergenerational Reminiscences on University Students in Malaysia
Authors: Kok Jin Kuan , Pheh Kai-Shuen , Lee Wan Ying
Published: November 2016

As the aging population is growing rapidly in Malaysia, there is a need to enhance intergenerational communication to improve intergenerational understanding. Older people have accumulated vast experience in life, and their narrative sharing would be beneficial for younger generations. The purpose of the study is to explore the impact of an intergeneration reminiscence program onuniversity students. The intergenerational reminiscence program was designed to facilitate intergeneration communication among older people and university students in Malaysia. We recruited a total of 52 undergraduate students from Abnormal Psychology course for this study. They were required to complete at least four sessions of intergenerational interactions with an older adult as part of their coursework. At the end of intergenerational reminiscence activities, students developed a life history book for the interviewed older adult. Two focus groups were conducted for data collection. Three researchers were involved in the data collection and data analysis process. The findings from the thematic analysis show that the intergenerational reminiscence program was able to engage both older people and university students meaningfully. The impacts on university students include changes of perceptions, awareness of intergenerational difference, learning from older people, and meaningful for older people, and acquisition of new skills.
PEKEMON: A Mobile Application for Detecting Fake Money
Authors: Alday Roselie B. , Andal Jelyn G. , Ilagan Micah C. , Meliton Niña Daniela , Mercado Marnely
Published: November 2016

Banko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) released and redesigned/new Philippine peso bills last December 2010 in accordance to stop the proliferation of counterfeit money, but circulation of fake money continues. The project developed a mobile application that will help detect fake new Philippine bills by using an algorithm in a mobile application. The researchers devised a tool in detecting fake money by distinguishing between genuine and counterfeit Philippine peso bills using built-in phone camera. The method used in detecting fake money was image segmentation using Sobel Edge Detection Algorithm. It converted the image to grayscale and detected two kinds of edges in an image: Vertical Direction Edges and Horizontal Direction Edges. After the image was converted, it counts the number of white pixels which had been the basis to determine if it is fake or not. The mobile application is available for android operating system only. The programming language that the researchers used is Java. The application resulted to 50% - 70% accuracy in detecting fake bills because it uses a phone camera for detection instead of Ultra Violet Light. It is recommended that the design be enhanced by adding more functionality such as sending a message to the office of Banko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) if the money is detected as fake.
Language Patterns and Attitudes of Kinamiging Manobo Speakers
Authors: Alamillo John Brian , Talili Ismael
Published: November 2016

Language diversity reflects a society's richness in culture. Kinamiging Manobo, a language spoken in the southern Philippines, faces a threat of extinction posed by a more dominant language. The study aimed to determine the language patterns and the attitude of the speakers towards their language and the survival probability of the language. The descriptive research involved 40 respondents who resided in Sagay, Camiguin Island - a bilingual community. The study utilized two instruments, namely, sociolinguistic survey questionnaire and matched-guise technique. The sociolinguistic survey questionnaire was adapted from the study of Campos (2014), who investigated the attitudes of Agusan Manobo speakers towards their language. Results show that Kinamiging Manobo is no longer used in most of the respondents' sociolinguistic domains. The findings support the claims that the language is classified as a threatened language. Speakers of Kinamiging Manobo prefer to use Cebuano in all the sociolinguistic domains (home, friendship, public and religious). However, most speakers have positive attitudes towards their language and are willing to do necessary efforts to preserve it. Kinamiging Manobo is least used in church, and is more often used (but still not the dominant language) at home.
Implementation of Child Abuse Act (RA 7610) in Manila: Inputs for Policy Advocacy
Authors: Monterona Marlene M.
Published: November 2016

The situation of child abuse, exploitation, and discrimination in Asia remain severe, and the extent of the problem in the Philippines is alarming. The study was conducted to assess the implementation of Child Abuse Act (RA 7610) in Manila as a basis for policy advocacy. The researcher used the descriptive method of research as well as purposive sampling based on the respondents' involvement in the implementation of RA 7610. The data were gathered utilizing a validated self-constructed questionnaire which was supplemented by interview sessions. Results showed that the implementing rules and regulations of RA 7610 are not totally enforced as assessed by the five groups of respondents composed of 253 samples. Findings revealed that there is a great need for education to increase public and multi-disciplinary professional as well as parental awareness of child abuse and protection. Legislation of interdisciplinary community collaboration and professional in-service training is very important for the recognition, proper management, and prevention of child abuse and neglect. A proposed intervention scheme was offered to help in empowering communities and local partners to strengthen the protection of children from abuse, neglect, exploitation and other forms of violence to improve their well-being and fulfill their rights to protection.
Peers, Administration, and Mentor Support as Correlates of Completion/Non-Completion of Master's and Doctoral Degrees among Muslim Educators
Authors: Derico-Lawi Athena Jalaliyah B.
Published: November 2016

Tertiary faculty members must finish their master's degree in their field of specialization. However, many tertiary faculties have not been awarded master's degrees or doctoral degrees because of non-completion of their thesis or dissertation. The study aimed to determine the relationship between the barriers in conducting thesis or dissertation and the completion/non-completion of master's and doctoral degrees among Muslim educators who have completed their academic requirements. Purposive sampling was employed in the study. There were 60 participants of which 30 have completed their academic requirements for two years or more, and 30 participants have finished master's and/or doctoral degrees for the purpose of comparison. Based on the results of the study, there is a significant relationship between the degree or course, employment status, faculty rank and number of years in service on the completion or non-completion of master's or doctoral degrees. The participants were largely undecided as to the role of support system as a whole, but there is a significant relationship between peers, administration and mentor support on the completion or non-completion of master's and doctoral degrees. The Mindanao State University system may adopt remedial measures to expose its faculty members and other academics to more research work that will improve their research skills.
El Rol del Género en las Interacciones Pedagógicas de Aulas de Matemática Chilenas
Authors: Espinoza Ana María , Taut Sandy
Published: November 2016

En Chile existen importantes diferencias de género, a favor de los hombres, en los resultados de pruebas nacionales e internacionales en matemática. Este estudio buscó determinar si existen diferencias de género en las interacciones en el aula y se indagó en la relación entre creencias docentes y prácticas pedagógicas. Se filmaron 40 clases de matemática de 7° básico de escuelas municipales chilenas, correspondientes a 20 profesores/as seleccionados/as en un muestreo por conveniencia. Se codificaron las interacciones pedagógicas según género y se aplicó a los docentes un cuestionario de creencias auto-reportadas. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y se utilizaron las pruebas de Wilcoxon y U de Mann-Whitney para comparar grupos. Se encontró que los/as docentes formulan más preguntas que requieren procesos cognitivos complejos para ser respondidas y dan más retroalimentación a hombres que a mujeres, y que los alumnos participan más que las alumnas. No existen diferencias en estas prácticas entre docentes hombres y mujeres. Además, se encontró evidencia inicial de una concordancia entre creencias y prácticas en los/as docentes que reportaron estereotipos explícitos de género respecto del aprendizaje en matemática.
¿Los Asesores de los Managers Son Conscientes de los Factores Determinantes en sus Sugerencias Sobre Distribución de Primas? Un Estudio Sobre Justicia Distributiva
Authors: Gangloff Bernard , Mayoral Luisa , Personnaz Bernard , Rezazi Amine
Published: November 2016

En la justicia distributiva se establecen 3 criterios para el reparto salarial: igualdad, equidad y necesidad. El estudio forma parte de una investigación mayor, cuya primera parte fue publicada. En ella se pedía a 480 empleados de Buenos Aires, Argentina, que aconsejaran a sus managers respecto del monto de una prima a repartir entre sus subordinados, considerando, para la equidad, el desempeño y la adhesión a determinadas órdenes discriminatorias y las razones de tal obediencia/rebeldía. Los empleados eran presentados según sus resultados y uno de ellos era individualizado por ser (o no) obediente y por tener (o no) necesidades económicas. Los resultados mostraron que los empleados más productivos eran los que recibían primas más altas, los empleados rebeldes eran penalizados y los obedientes eran recompensados de manera idéntica. La segunda parte, que es abordada aquí sobre la misma muestra, consistió en examinar las respuestas de los asesores a 3 preguntas complementarias sobre la importancia otorgada al desempeño, necesidad y obediencia. Los análisis de varianza factoriales muestran que los asesores raramente son conscientes de tales criterios, especialmente del desempeño y de la necesidad económica.
Maternal Physiologic Renal Pelvis Dilatation in Pregnancy
Authors: Wadasinghe Sahan Udayanga , Metcalf Louisa , Metcalf Patricia , Perry David
Published: November 2016

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to produce sonographic reference data for maternal renal pelvis dilatation in asymptomatic pregnant women.

Methods

A prospective cross‐sectional study was undertaken on pregnant women presenting for outpatient obstetric imaging. For each side, the renal length and axial anteroposterior diameter of the renal pelvis were measured. Maternal demographics, gravidity and parity, number of fetuses, and estimated fetal weight (when available) were recorded.

Results

A total of 700 women enrolled, with 191 excluded. The 509 women analyzed included 465 singleton and 44 twin pregnancies. A total of 815 sonographic investigations were performed: 716 in singleton pregnancies and 99 in twin pregnancies. The gestational age range was 10 to 40 weeks. Charts depicting the anteroposterior renal pelvis diameter versus gestational age were constructed to determine normative sonographic reference data for maternal renal pelvis dilatation in singleton pregnancies. Although the mean renal pelvis diameter increased as pregnancy progressed, measurements of greater than 10 mm remained relatively uncommon, being identified in 9.7% of right and 2.1% of left kidneys in the third trimester. Only 4.1% of right and 0.4% of left third‐trimester measurements exceeded 15 mm. Right renal pelvis measurements on average were greater than the left by 1.54 mm (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20 to 1.87 mm). Twins had significantly larger renal pelvis measurements than singletons on average, measuring 2.11 mm (95% CI, 1.50 to 2.72 mm) larger on the right and 1.69 mm (95% CI, 0.73 to 2.65) on the left.

Conclusions

We present sonographic reference data for asymptomatic pregnancy‐related renal pelvis dilatation in singleton pregnancies from a large cohort of women.
Frequency and Importance of Incomplete Screening Fetal Anatomic Sonography in Pregnancy
Authors: Silvestri Mark T. , Pettker Christian M. , Raney Julia H. , Xu Xiao , Ross Joseph S.
Published: November 2016

Objectives

To determine (1) how often routine screening fetal anatomic sonography fails to completely visualize fetal anatomy; (2) the proportion of women with incomplete ultrasound examinations who are recommended for repeat screening and then undergo repeat sonography; and (3) how often abnormal fetal anatomy is detected on repeat sonography.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a high‐volume academic obstetric ultrasound center. Participants were 16,300 women at 17 through 21 weeks' gestation with a singleton pregnancy presenting for screening anatomic sonography between January 2009 and December 2013. Main outcome measures were (1) incomplete visualization of anatomy at initial screening sonography; (2) among women with incomplete but otherwise normal initial screening ultrasound examinations, recommendation for and performance of repeat sonography; and (3) among women undergoing repeat sonography, discovery of abnormal fetal anatomy within anatomic components that were previously incompletely visualized.

Results

The mean maternal age ± SD was 30.8 ± 6.3 years, and the mean gestational age was 18.8 ± 1.0 weeks. Among 16,300 initial screening ultrasound examinations, 2157 (13.2%) had incomplete visualization of fetal anatomy. Of those women eligible for follow‐up, 91.5% were recommended for repeat screening, of whom 92.8% had a subsequent examination. Of 1560 repeat screening ultrasound examinations, 8 (0.5%) showed an abnormality in the components of anatomy that were previously visualized incompletely.

Conclusions

In this large single‐center study, incomplete visualization was common in screening fetal anatomic ultrasound examinations. Recommendations for repeat imaging were nearly universal, but abnormal fetal anatomy was infrequently discovered on repeat screening.