bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transforming Urban Landscapes: Reuse of Heritage Sites through Multi-Value Interpretations in Xi’an, China
Authors: Zhao Yiqing , Jin Keyu , Zhang Dingqing , Wang Li , Li Ji , Dai Tianchen
Published: June 2024

As a catalyst for urban landscape transformation, the reuse of heritage sites plays a pivotal role in shaping contemporary urban spaces and influencing socio-economic development. However, this phenomenon is not without controversy, particularly regarding the quality of preservation and the potential risks associated with over-commodification. Consequently, there has been an increasing research focus on reconciling these conflicting aspects. This study employs a multi-value interpretation framework to delve into the reuse of heritage sites in the urban area of Xi’an within the broader context of China’s urbanization. Utilizing a comparative case study method, this research specifically examines the burgeoning phenomenon of heritage parks. This exploration sheds light on how the reuse of heritage intertwines with urbanization processes, by taking into account environmental, economic, social, and cultural values. The findings suggest that a multi-value interpretation framework is crucial to address the limitations of the current heritagization. Heritage sites in Xi’an have been integrated into the urban transformation process through heritage conservation and the production of new heritage spaces. However, the evolving multi-value evaluation of these heritage sites continues to influence the city’s interpretation of its significant and fading past in planning. This study highlights the dynamic nature of heritage sites in the urban context and underscores the need for nuanced approaches to balance heritage preservation with the evolving demands of contemporary urban development.
A Probiotic Amylase Blend Positively Impacts Gut Microbiota Modulation in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Study
Authors: Ghannoum Mahmoud A. , Elshaer Mohammed , Al-Shakhshir Hilmi , Retuerto Mauricio , McCormick Thomas S.
Published: June 2024

The present study was performed to determine if ingesting a blend of probiotics plus amylase would alter the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota in subjects consuming the blend over a 6-week period. 16S and ITS ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing was performed on fecal samples provided by subjects who participated in a clinical study where they consumed either a probiotic amylase blend (Bifidobacterium breve 19bx, Lactobacillus acidophilus 16axg, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus 18fx, and Saccharomyces boulardii 16mxg, alpha amylase (500 SKB (Alpha-amylase-Dextrinizing Units)) or a placebo consisting of rice oligodextrin. The abundance and diversity of both bacterial and fungal organisms was assessed at baseline and following 6 weeks of probiotic amylase blend or placebo consumption. In the subjects consuming the probiotic blend, the abundance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae increased 200-fold, and its prevalence increased (~20% to ~60%) (p ≤ 0.05), whereas the potential pathogens Bacillus thuringiensis and Macrococcus caseolyticus decreased more than 150- and 175-fold, respectively, after probiotic-amylase blend consumption. We also evaluated the correlation between change in microbiota and clinical features reported following probiotic amylase consumption. Nine (9) species (seven bacterial and two fungal) were significantly (negatively or positively) associated with the change in 32 clinical features that were originally evaluated in the clinical study. Oral supplementation with the probiotic-amylase blend caused a marked increase in abundance of the beneficial yeast S. cerevisiae and concomitant modulation of gut-dwelling commensal bacterial organisms, providing the proof of concept that a beneficial commensal organism can re-align the gut microbiota.
Perfluoro-3-ethyl-1,2,3,10b-tetrahydrofluoranthene
Authors: Komarov Vladislav V. , Krasnov Vyacheslav I. , Karpov Victor M. , Parkhomenko Dmitriy A. , Mezhenkova Tatyana V.
Published: June 2024

The title compound was synthesized from perfluoro-1-ethyltetralin and 1,2,3,4-tetrafluorobenzene under the action of antimony pentafluoride as a mixture of cis- and trans-isomers in a 71% isolated yield. The structure and cis-/trans-configuration of the isomers were determined by NMR (19F, 13C), 19F–19F COSY, and 19F–19F NOESY 2D NMR spectroscopy.
Agri-Food Management and Sustainable Practices: A Fuzzy Clustering Application Using the Galois Lattice
Authors: Espitia Moreno Irma Cristina , Ruiz Morales Betzabé , Alfaro-García Víctor G. , Miranda-Ackerman Marco A.
Published: June 2024

The objective of this study was to generate groups of agri-food producers with high affinity in relation to their sustainable waste management practices. The aim of conforming these groups is the development of synergies, knowledge management, and policy- and decision-making by diverse stakeholders. A survey was conducted among the most experienced farmers in the region of Nuevo Urecho, Michoacán, Mexico, and a total of eight variables relating to sustainable waste management practices, agricultural food loss, and the waste generated at each stage of the production process were examined. The retrieved data were treated using the maximum inverse correspondence algorithm and the Galois Lattice was applied to generate clusters of highly affine producers. The results indicate 163 possible elements that generate the power set, and 31 maximum inverse correspondences were obtained. At this point, it is possible to determine the maximum number of relationships, called affinities. In general, all 15 considered farmers shared the measure of revaluation of food waste and 90% of the farmers shared affinity in measures related to ecological care and the proper management of waste. A practical implication of this study is the conformation of highly affine clusters for both policy and strategic decision-making.
Varying Index Coefficient Model for Tail Index Regression
Authors: An Hongyu , Tian Boping
Published: June 2024

Investigating the causes of extreme events is crucial across various fields. However, existing asymptotic theoretical models often lack flexibility and fail to capture the complex dependency structures inherent in extreme events. Additionally, the scarcity of extreme event data and the challenge of fully nonparametric estimation with high-dimensional covariates lead to the “curse of dimensionality”, complicating the analysis of extreme events. Considering the nonlinear interactions among covariates, we propose a flexible model that combines varying index coefficient models with extreme value theory to address these issues. This approach effectively avoids the curse of dimensionality while providing robust explanatory power and high flexibility. Our model also includes a variable selection process, for which we have demonstrated the consistency of the estimators and the oracle property of the variable selection. Monte Carlo simulation results validate the finite sample properties of the estimators. Furthermore, an empirical analysis of tail risk in financial markets offers valuable insights into the drivers of risk.
NAFLD/MASLD and the Gut–Liver Axis: From Pathogenesis to Treatment Options
Authors: Vallianou Natalia G. , Kounatidis Dimitris , Psallida Sotiria , Vythoulkas-Biotis Nikolaos , Adamou Andreas , Zachariadou Tatiana , Kargioti Sofia , Karampela Irene , Dalamaga Maria
Published: June 2024

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) poses an emerging threat topublic health. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is reported to be the most rapidly rising cause of hepatocellular carcinoma in the western world. Recently, a new term has been proposed: metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). The introduction of this new terminology has sparked a debate about the interchangeability of these terms. The pathogenesis of NAFLD/MASLD is thought to be multifactorial, involving both genetic and environmental factors. Among these factors, alterations in gut microbiota and gut dysbiosis have recently garnered significant attention. In this context, this review will further discuss the gut–liver axis, which refers to the bidirectional interaction between the human gut microbiota and the liver. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of probiotics, particularly next-generation probiotics and genetically engineered bacteria, will be explored. Moreover, the role of prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, and phages as well as fecal microbiota transplantation will be analyzed. Particularly for lean patients with NAFLD/MASLD, who have limited treatment options, approaches that modify the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota may hold promise. However, due to ongoing safety concerns with approaches that modulate gut microbiota, further large-scale studies are necessary to better assess their efficacy and safety in treating NAFLD/MASLD.
Switching and Frequency Response Assessment of Photovoltaic Drivers and Their Potential for Different Applications
Authors: Issa Walid , Gonzalez Jose Ortiz , Alatise Olayiwola
Published: June 2024

Newly introduced Photovoltaic (PV) devices, featuring a built-in chip with an illuminating Light Emitting Diode (LED), have emerged in the commercial market. These devices are touted for their utility as both low- and high-side power switch drivers and for data acquisition coupling. However, comprehensive knowledge and experimentation regarding the limitations of these Photovoltaic Drivers in both switching and signal processing applications remain underexplored. This paper presents a detailed characterization of a Photovoltaic Driver, focusing on its performance under resistive and capacitive loads. Additionally, it delineates the device’s constraints when employed in signal processing. Through the analysis of switching losses across various power switches (Silicon and Silicon Carbide) in both series and parallel driver configurations, this study assesses the driver’s efficacy in operating Junction Field-Effect Transistors (JFETs). Findings suggest that Photovoltaic Drivers offer a low-cost, compact solution for specific applications, such as high-voltage, low-bandwidth measurements, and low-speed turn-on with fast turn-off power switching scenarios, including solid-state switches and hot-swap circuits. Moreover, they present a straightforward, cost-effective method for driving JFETs, simplifying the circuit design and eliminating the need for an additional negative power source.
Efficient Mixed-Type Wafer Defect Pattern Recognition Based on Light-Weight Neural Network
Authors: Deng Guangyuan , Wang Hongcheng
Published: June 2024

Wafer defect pattern recognition can help engineers improve the production process of semiconductor chips. In real industrial scenarios, the recognition of mixed-type wafer defects is difficult and the production scale of semiconductor wafers is large, which requires high accuracy and speed in wafer defect pattern recognition. This study proposes a light-weight neural network model to efficiently recognize mixed-type wafer defects. The proposed model is constructed via inverted residual convolution blocks with attention mechanisms and large kernel convolution downsampling layers. The inference speed of the inverted residual convolution block is fast, and the attention mechanism can enhance feature extraction capabilities. Large kernel convolutions help the network retain more important feature information during downsampling operations. The experimental results on the real Mixed-type WM38 dataset show that the proposed model achieves a recognition accuracy of 98.69% with only 1.01 M parameters. Compared with some popular high-performance models and light-weight models, our model has advantages in both recognition accuracy and inference speed. Finally, we deploy the model as a TensorRT engine, which significantly improves the inference speed of the model, enabling it to process more than 1300 wafer maps per second.
Multidrug-Resistant Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis Isolated from Dogs and Cats in Southern Brazil
Authors: da Silva Letícia , Grecellé Cristina Zaffari , Frazzon Ana Paula Guedes , Streck André Felipe , Kipper Diéssy , Fonseca André Salvador Kazantzi , Ikuta Nilo , Lunge Vagner Ricardo
Published: June 2024

Enterococcus spp. are isolated from infections of domestic animals and can present resistance to different antimicrobials. This study aimed to identify the main species of Enterococcus and determine the phenotypic resistance to antimicrobials of isolates of this bacterial genus obtained from dogs and cats admitted to a veterinary hospital in southern Brazil. A total of 57 Enterococcus spp. were isolated from different clinical samples (urine, feces, ears and skin) in domestic animals admitted to the hospital over a period of three years (2016 to 2019). MALDI-TOF results demonstrated the occurrence of Enterococcus faecium (39; 68.4%), Enterococcus faecalis (17; 29.8%) and Enterococcus avium (1; 1.8%). In an overall analysis, resistance was observed to the antimicrobials rifampicin (46; 80.7%), tetracycline and streptomycin (42; 73.7%), ampicillin and imipenem (41; 71.9%), erythromycin (39; 68.4%), gentamicin (38; 66.7%), ciprofloxacin (36; 63.2%), norfloxacin (32; 56.1%), nitrofurantoin (10; 17.5%) and chloramphenicol (9; 15.7%). None of the Enterococcus spp. showed resistance to vancomycin and linezolid. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 45 (78.9%) isolates. In conclusion, E. faecium and E. faecalis with MDR are frequent in infections of hospitalized dogs and cats from southern Brazil.
Effect of Buffer Room Configuration on Isolation of Bacteriophage phi6 and Micrococcus Luteus Emissions
Authors: Wróbel Radosław , Andrych-Zalewska Monika , Matla Jędrzej , Molska Justyna , Sierzputowski Gustaw , Szulak Agnieszka , Włostowski Radosław , Włóka Adriana , Rutkowska-Gorczyca Małgorzata
Published: June 2024

In light of the growing need to mitigate viral infections, such as SARS-CoV-2, which has caused over 770 million infections and 7 million deaths worldwide, the role of architectural design in reducing pathogen spread has become paramount. This study explores how different buffer room configurations impact microbial isolation using the bacterium Micrococcus luteus and bacteriophage phi6 as test organisms. Through a comprehensive approach integrating architecture, technology, and scientific methodologies, we developed strategies to optimise safe buffer environments. Comparative analyses of various isolation systems highlighted significant variations in their effectiveness at reducing bioaerosol concentrations, directly influenced by the design and layout of buffer rooms. These findings are crucial for the effective design of medical and public spaces, particularly during pandemics, where preventing virus transmission is critical for public health.
Synthesis of Fe2O3 Nanorod and NiFe2O4 Nanoparticle Composites on Expired Cotton Fiber Cloth for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Hua Sun , Shah Sayyar Ali , Ullah Noor , Ullah Nabi , Yuan Aihua
Published: June 2024

The design of cheap, noble-metal-free, and efficient electrocatalysts for an enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) to produce hydrogen gas as an energy source from water splitting is an ideal approach. Herein, we report the synthesis of Fe2O3 nanorods–NiFe2O4 nanoparticles on cotton fiber cloth (Fe2O3-NiFe2O4/CF) at a low temperature as an efficient electrocatalyst for HERs. Among the as-prepared samples, the optimal Fe2O3-NiFe2O4/CF-3 electrocatalyst exhibits good HER performance with an overpotential of 127 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, small Tafel slope of 44.9 mV dec−1, and good stability in 1 M KOH alkaline solution. The synergistic effect between Fe2O3 nanorods and NiFe2O4 nanoparticles of the heterojunction composite at the heterointerface is mainly responsible for improved HER performance. The CF is an effective substrate for the growth of the Fe2O3-NiFe2O4 nanocomposite and provides conductive channels for the active materials’ HER process.
Research Progress in the Degradation of Chemical Warfare Agent Simulants Using Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Huang Taotao , Chen Qian , Jiang Hui , Zhang Kui
Published: June 2024

Chemical warfare agents primarily comprise organophosphorus nerve agents, saliva alkaloids, cyanides, and mustard gas. Exposure to these agents can result in severe respiratory effects, including spasms, edema, and increased secretions leading to breathing difficulties and suffocation. Protecting public safety and national security from such threats has become an urgent priority. Porous metal–organic framework (MOF) materials have emerged as promising candidates for the degradation of chemical warfare agents due to their large surface area, tunable pore size distribution, and excellent catalytic performance. Furthermore, combining MOFs with polymers can enhance their elasticity and processability and improve their degradation performance. In this review, we summarize the literature of the past five years on MOF-based composite materials and their effectiveness in degrading chemical warfare agents. Moreover, we discuss key factors influencing their degradation efficiency, such as MOF structure, pore size, and functionalization strategies. Furthermore, we highlight recent developments in the design of MOF–polymer composites, which offer enhanced degradation performance and stability for practical applications in CWA degradation. These composite materials exhibit good performance in degrading chemical warfare agents, playing a crucial role in protecting public safety and maintaining national security. We can expect to see more breakthroughs in the application of metal–organic framework porous materials for degrading chemical warfare agents. It is hoped that these innovative materials will play a positive role in achieving social stability and security.
Antibiotic Degradation via Fenton Process Assisted by a 3-Electron Oxygen Reduction Reaction Pathway Catalyzed by Bio-Carbon–Manganese Composites
Authors: Fajardo-Puerto Edgar , Elmouwahidi Abdelhakim , Bailón-García Esther , Pérez-Cadenas María , Pérez-Cadenas Agustín F. , Carrasco-Marín Francisco
Published: June 2024

Bio-carbon–manganese composites obtained from olive mill wastewater were successfully prepared using manganese acetate as the manganese source and olive wastewater as the carbon precursor. The samples were characterized chemically and texturally by N2 and CO2 adsorption at 77 K and 273 K, respectively, by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction. Electrochemical characterization was carried out by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The samples were evaluated in the electro-Fenton degradation of tetracycline in a typical three-electrode system under natural conditions of pH and temperature (6.5 and 25 °C). The results show that the catalysts have a high catalytic power capable of degrading tetracycline (about 70%) by a three-electron oxygen reduction pathway in which hydroxyl radicals are generated in situ, thus eliminating the need for two catalysts (ORR and Fenton).
Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome Profiles and lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA Competing Endogenous RNA Regulatory Network to Identify Biological Functional Effects of Genes and Pathways Associated with Johne’s Disease in Dairy Cattle
Authors: Ghafouri Farzad , Dehghanian Reyhan Vahid , Sadeghi Mostafa , Miraei-Ashtiani Seyed Reza , Kastelic John P. , Barkema Herman W. , Shirali Masoud
Published: June 2024

Paratuberculosis or Johne’s disease (JD), a chronic granulomatous gastroenteritis caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), causes huge economic losses and reduces animal welfare in dairy cattle herds worldwide. At present, molecular mechanisms and biological functions involved in immune responses to MAP infection of dairy cattle are not clearly understood. Our purpose was to integrate transcriptomic profiles and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network analyses to identify key messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and regulatory RNAs involved in molecular regulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for MAP infection in dairy cattle. In total, 28 lncRNAs, 42 miRNAs, and 370 mRNAs were identified by integrating gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. In this regard, we identified 21 hub genes (CCL20, CCL5, CD40, CSF2, CXCL8, EIF2AK2, FOS, IL10, IL17A, IL1A, IL1B, IRF1, MX2, NFKB1, NFKBIA, PTGS2, SOCS3, TLR4, TNF, TNFAIP3, and VCAM1) involved in MAP infection. Furthermore, eight candidate subnets with eight lncRNAs, 29 miRNAs, and 237 mRNAs were detected through clustering analyses, whereas GO enrichment analysis of identified RNAs revealed 510, 22, and 11 significantly enriched GO terms related to MAP infection in biological process, molecular function, and cellular component categories, respectively. The main metabolic-signaling pathways related to MAP infection that were enriched included the immune system process, defense response, response to cytokine, leukocyte migration, regulation of T cell activation, defense response to bacterium, NOD-like receptor, B cell receptor, TNF, NF-kappa B, IL-17, and T cell receptor signaling pathways. Contributions of transcriptome profiles from MAP-positive and MAP-negative sample groups plus a ceRNA regulatory network underlying phenotypic differences in the intensity of pathogenicity of JD provided novel insights into molecular mechanisms associated with immune system responses to MAP infection in dairy cattle.
A Case of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Complicated with both Infratentorial and Supratentorial Cortical Superficial Siderosis: Novel Imaging Findings on Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Offering Clues to Pathophysiology
Authors: Watanabe Shinya , Shibata Yasushi , Ishikawa Eiichi
Published: June 2024

The pathology of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), a disease characterized by papillary edema and increased intracranial pressure (IICP), is not yet understood; this disease significantly affects quality of life due to symptoms including vision loss, headache, and pulsatile tinnitus. By contrast, superficial siderosis (SS), a disorder in which hemosiderin is deposited on the surface of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum, potentially causes cerebellar ataxia or hearing loss. So far, no cases of IIH with infratentorial and supratentorial cortical SS have been reported. Herein, we report a case of a 31-year-old woman with obesity who developed this condition. The patient suddenly developed headache and dizziness, had difficulty walking, and subsequently became aware of diplopia. Fundus examination revealed bilateral optic nerve congestive papillae and right eye abducens disturbance. Head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed prominent SS on the cerebellar surface and cerebral cortex. Lumbar puncture revealed IICP of 32 cmH2O, consistent with the diagnostic criteria for IIH, and treatment with oral acetazolamide was started; subsequently, the intracranial pressure decreased to 20 cmH2O. Her abduction disorder disappeared, and the swelling of the optic papilla improved. She was now able return to her life as a teacher without any sequelae. SS is caused by persistent slight hemorrhage into the subarachnoid space. In this case, both infratentorial and supratentorial cortical superficial SS was observed. Although cases of IIH complicated by SS are rare, it should be kept in mind that a causal relationship between IIH and SS was inferred from our case. Our findings also suggest that cerebrospinal fluid dynamic analysis using MRI is effective in diagnosing IIH and in determining the efficacy of treatment.
Longitudinal Three-Year Associations of Dietary Fruit and Vegetable Intake with Serum hs-C-Reactive Protein in Adults with and without Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Helm Macy M. , Basu Arpita , Richardson Leigh Ann , Chien Lung-Chang , Izuora Kenneth , Alman Amy C. , Snell-Bergeon Janet K.
Published: June 2024

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a widely used clinical biomarker of systemic inflammation, implicated in many chronic conditions, including type 1 diabetes (T1D). Despite the increasing emphasis on dietary intake as a modifiable risk factor for systemic inflammation, the association of hs-CRP with fruit and vegetable consumption is relatively underexplored in T1D. To address this gap, we investigated the longitudinal associations of dietary pattern-derived fruit and vegetable scores with hs-CRP in adults with and without T1D. Additionally, we examined the impact of berry consumption as a distinct food group. Data were collected in the Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes study over two visits that were three years apart. At each visit, participants completed a food frequency questionnaire, and hs-CRP was measured using a particle-enhanced immunonephelometric assay. Mixed effect models were used to examine the three-year association of fruit and vegetable scores with hs-CRP. Adjusted models found a significant inverse association between blueberry intake and hs-CRP in the nondiabetic (non-DM) group. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension- and Alternative Healthy Eating Index-derived vegetable scores were also inversely associated with hs-CRP in the non-DM group (all p-values ≤ 0.05). Conversely, no significant associations were observed in the T1D group. In conclusion, dietary pattern-derived vegetable scores are inversely associated with hs-CRP in non-DM adults. Nonetheless, in T1D, chronic hyperglycemia and related metabolic abnormalities may override the cardioprotective features of these food groups at habitually consumed servings.
Predictive Model of the Relationship between Appearance, Eating Attitudes, and Physical Activity Behavior in Young People amid COVID-19
Authors: Li Jianye , Wilczynska Dominika , Lipowska Małgorzata , Łada-Maśko Ariadna Beata , Radtke Bartosz M. , Sajewicz-Radtke Urszula , Izydorczyk Bernadetta , Liu Taofeng , Wang Zitong , Lu Junyu , Lipowski Mariusz
Published: June 2024

This cross-sectional study conducted in Poland explored the relationship between the fear of negative appearance evaluations, eating disorders, and physical activity objectives, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation Scale (FNAES), the Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26), and the Physical Activity Goals Inventory (IPAO) were administered to 644 participants (455 males with a mean age of 35.2 ± 6.2 years and 189 females with a mean age of 30.18 ± 5.7 years). This study explored the effects of gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) on FNAES, EAT-26, and IPAO scores. The results of this study demonstrated that females scored higher on fear of negative appearance, peaking at 41–50 years of age. Distinct BMI categories were associated with different negative appearance fear scores, eating attitudes, and physical activity objectives. Significant correlations were also found between the fear of negative appearance, dietary attitudes, and physical activity goals. Eating attitudes completely moderated the relationship between the fear of negative appearance and physical activity objectives. A significant interaction effect of age and body mass index on physical activity objectives was also revealed. These results highlight the relevance of considering gender, age, and body mass index when examining the associations between the fear of negative appearance, eating attitudes, and physical activity objectives.
Predisposing Factors to Medication Errors by Nurses and Prevention Strategies: A Scoping Review of Recent Literature
Authors: Coelho Fábio , Furtado Luís , Mendonça Natália , Soares Hélia , Duarte Hugo , Costeira Cristina , Santos Cátia , Sousa Joana Pereira
Published: June 2024

Medication errors have serious consequences and high costs for the patient and the system. The treatment process and the care required for critically ill patients are complex, and these patients are more vulnerable to errors and potential consequences. A scoping review using the JBI methodology was conducted across PubMed, CINAHL, and MEDLINE databases and reported by the PRISMA-ScR guidelines to explore strategies that can mitigate medication errors by nurses. The search strategy focused on references published between January 2012 and April 2023. Sixteen studies were included, and the results were organized into thematic areas. Medication errors by nurses are in the areas of preparation, administration, and documentation; organizational, system-related, procedural, personal, and knowledge and training factors are predisposing factors for errors; educational intervention, verification and safety methods, organizational changes, and error reporting are the strategic areas to mitigate medication error. The organization of the data could be different, as it depends on the reviewers’ experience. Knowledge of the factors that cause medication errors and interventions to mitigate them make it possible to outline strategies to minimize their occurrence and achieve health gains. The protocol preceding this review has been registered in the Open Science Framework and published.
Educational Intervention for the Management of Nonspecific Lower Back Pain in Nonprofessional Caregivers (TRANSFE Program): A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Ortiz-Mallasén Víctor , Claramonte-Gual Eloy , Cervera-Gasch Águeda , Mena-Tudela Desirée , Valero-Chillerón María Jesús , Andreu-Pejó Laura , Llagostera-Reverter Irene , González-Chordá Víctor Manuel
Published: June 2024

Nonspecific lower back pain is one of the main health issues experienced by nonprofessional caregivers of dependent individuals. The repetitive movements and efforts made by caregivers to assist dependent individuals are associated with the onset of this lower back pain. The main objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention for the management of nonspecific lower back pain in nonprofessional caregivers of dependent individuals (TRANSFE program). The secondary objectives were to (i) evaluate the effectiveness of the TRANSFE program on other variables (caregiver burden, perceived social support, and health-related quality of life), (ii) obtain the sociodemographic profile of the sample, and (iii) determine the baseline of the study variables. A quasi-experimental study with post-intervention measurements at 3 months was conducted. Thirty-six nonprofessional caregivers of dependent individuals participated in this study. The presence of lower back pain (back pain index), low back pain (visual analogue scale), disability due to low back pain (Oswestry disability index), perceived social support (Duke-UNK scale), caregiver burden (Zarit burden scale), and health-related quality of life (EuroQol-5D) were assessed. The intervention significantly improved all the studied variables related to lower back pain (p < 0.001). The intervention was effective on other variables related to nonprofessional caregiving such as caregiver burden, perceived social support, and health-related quality of life, albeit with moderate results. An educational intervention for lower back pain experienced by caregivers of dependent individuals was effective in reducing lower back pain and addressing caregiver burden, perceived social support, and health-related quality of life. This study was registered retrospectively on the Open Science Framework platform on 20 June 2024, with the registration number 10.17605/OSF.IO/K7WTE.
The Triterpenoid MOMORDIN-Ic Inhibits HCMV by Preventing the Initiation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotic Cells
Authors: Bradley Eleanor , Poole Emma , Reeves Matthew B.
Published: June 2024

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) primary infection, re-infection, and reactivation from latency cause morbidity in immune-compromised patients. Consequently, potential therapeutic strategies remain of interest for the treatment of infection. Naturally occurring triterpenoids derived from plants have been demonstrated to have anti-viral activity, although their precise mechanisms of action are not always fully understood. Here, we investigate the activity of Mormordin Ic (Mc) and demonstrate that it is potently anti-viral against HCMV. Through investigation of the mechanistic basis of this anti-viral activity, we identify that it is inhibitory to both viral and host gene expression, and to highly induced genes in particular. We go on to observe that Mc impacts on RNA Pol II activity and, specifically, reduces the occupancy of elongating RNA Pol II at a viral promoter. Next, we demonstrate that Mc is inhibitory to HCMV reactivation, and in doing so identify that it has greater activity against the canonical major immediate early promoter compared to the alternative ip2 promoter located downstream. Finally, we see evidence of RNA Pol II occupancy at the ip2 promoter in undifferentiated myeloid cells. Thus, Mc is potently anti-viral and a potential tool to probe the activity of multiple promoters considered important for controlling HCMV reactivation.
Acquired Zinc Deficiency in Preterm Infant Post-Surgery for Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) on Prolonged Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
Authors: Al Qurashi Mansour , Mohammad Hadeel , Aga Syed Sameer , Mustafa Ahmed , Alallah Jubara , Al Hindi Mohammed , Al Harbi Mohammed , Hasosah Mohammed
Published: June 2024

Zinc (Zn) is a vital trace element that plays a pivotal role in protein synthesis, cellular growth, and differentiation and is involved as a cofactor of metalloenzymes, performing a wide variety of metabolic, immune, and synthesis roles. Zn is required at all stages of an infant’s and child’s development, and severe Zn deficiency has been reported to lead to slower physical, cognitive, and sexual growth. Preterm neonates are at a higher risk of developing zinc deficiency for a variety of reasons, including low Zn intake from enteral feeds containing breast milk, relative malabsorption due to immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract with limited absorptive capacity, increased urinary loss of zinc, and increased demand during the early developmental stages. Moreover, premature infants are at risk of gastrointestinal diseases like necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), which can limit absorption capacity and potentially lead to malabsorption. TPN is frequently used in preterm infants to provide them with sufficient nutrients and calories. However, it has its own complications, including cholestasis, especially if used for prolonged periods. In this case report, we are presenting the case of a male preterm infant who was delivered by caesarean section at 26 weeks’ gestation. The baby developed an intestinal perforation due to NEC, for which he underwent surgery for resection of the necrotic bowel and the creation of a high ileal stoma and was put on prolonged total parenteral nutrition (TPN), which led to the development of zinc deficiency.
Identification of Dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazin-4(5H)-ones as Cyclic Products of β-Amidomethyl Vinyl Sulfone Alphavirus Cysteine Protease Inhibitors
Authors: Ghoshal Anirban , Magalhães Álvaro F. , Asressu Kesatebrhan Haile , Hossain Mohammad Anwar , Todd Matthew H. , Willson Timothy M.
Published: June 2024

Optimized syntheses of (E)-5-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-N-(3-(methylsulfonyl)allyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (RA-0002034, 1), a promising antiviral covalent cysteine protease inhibitor lead, were developed. The syntheses avoid the contamination of 1 with the inactive cyclic dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazin-4(5H)-one 2, which is formed by the intramolecular aza-Michael reaction of the vinyl sulfone warhead under basic conditions and slowly at pH 7.4 in phosphate buffer. The pure cysteine protease inhibitor 1 could be synthesized using either modified amide coupling conditions or through the introduction of a MOM-protecting group and was stable as a TFA or HCl salt. Although acyclic 1 demonstrated poor pharmacokinetics with high in vivo clearance in mice, inactive cyclic 2 showed improved plasma exposure. The potential use of cyclic dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazin-4(5H)-ones as prodrugs for the acyclic β-amidomethyl vinyl sulfone warhead was demonstrated by GSH capture experiments with an analog of 2.
Sex-Gender Differences Are Completely Neglected in Treatments for Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Salis Francesco , Sardo Salvatore , Finco Gabriele , Gessa Gian Luigi , Franconi Flavia , Agabio Roberta
Published: June 2024

As sex-gender differences have been described in the responses of patients to certain medications, we hypothesized that the responses to medications recommended for neuropathic pain may differ between men and women. We conducted a literature review to identify articles reporting potential sex-gender differences in the efficacy and safety of these medications. Only a limited number of studies investigated potential sex-gender differences. Our results show that women seem to achieve higher blood concentrations than men during treatment with amitriptyline, nortriptyline, duloxetine, venlafaxine, and pregabalin. Compared to men, higher rates of women develop side effects during treatment with gabapentin, lidocaine, and tramadol. Globally, the sex-gender differences would suggest initially administering smaller doses of these medications to women with neuropathic pain compared to those administered to men. However, most of these differences have been revealed by studies focused on the treatment of other diseases (e.g., depression). Studies focused on neuropathic pain have overlooked potential sex-gender differences in patient responses to medications. Despite the fact that up to 60% of patients with neuropathic pain fail to achieve an adequate response to medications, the potential role of sex-gender differences in the efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy has not adequately been investigated. Targeted studies should be implemented to facilitate personalized treatments for neuropathic pain.
Use of Extracellular Monomeric Ubiquitin as a Therapeutic Option for Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Maldonado-García José Luis , García-Mena Lissette Haydee , Mendieta-Cabrera Danelia , Pérez-Sánchez Gilberto , Becerril-Villanueva Enrique , Alvarez-Herrera Samantha , Homberg Toni , Vallejo-Castillo Luis , Pérez-Tapia Sonia Mayra , Moreno-Lafont Martha C. , Ortuño-Sahagún Daniel , Pavón Lenin
Published: June 2024

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mood disorder that has become a global health emergency according to the World Health Organization (WHO). It affects 280 million people worldwide and is a leading cause of disability and financial loss. Patients with MDD present immunoendocrine alterations like cortisol resistance and inflammation, which are associated with alterations in neurotransmitter metabolism. There are currently numerous therapeutic options for patients with MDD; however, some studies suggest a high rate of therapeutic failure. There are multiple hypotheses explaining the pathophysiological mechanisms of MDD, in which several systems are involved, including the neuroendocrine and immune systems. In recent years, inflammation has become an important target for the development of new therapeutic options. Extracellular monomeric ubiquitin (emUb) is a molecule that has been shown to have immunomodulatory properties through several mechanisms including cholinergic modulation and the generation of regulatory T cells. In this perspective article, we highlight the influence of the inflammatory response in MDD. In addition, we review and discuss the evidence for the use of emUb contained in Transferon as a concomitant treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
Comprehensive Review of Cyclamen: Development, Bioactive Properties, and Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Sharara Aya , Badran Adnan , Hijazi Akram , Albahri Ghosoon , Bechelany Mikhael , Mesmar Joelle Edward , Baydoun Elias
Published: June 2024

Plants are being researched as potential sources of novel drugs, which has led to a recent acceleration in the discovery of new bioactive compounds. Research on tissue culture technology for the synthesis and processing of plant compounds has skyrocketed, surpassing all expectations. These plants can be bought either raw or as extracts, where some of the chemicals are extracted by mashing the plant in water, alcohol, or another solvent. The use of herbal medicine may open new chances for reducing the onset of infections and treating different diseases including cancer. A perennial plant that blooms in the winter, Cyclamen, is one of the most widely used potted flowers in many nations. Alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, sterols, and glycosides are the main active components of Cyclamen. Analgesic, cytotoxic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties have all been demonstrated as potential effects of various extracts of Cyclamen tubers. However, the use of this medicinal plant in official medicine will require further research in the areas of pharmacology. Furthermore, it is necessary to create standard operating procedures for a crude herbal medication. In this regard, this review aims to highlight the key characteristics of the Cyclamen plant, such as its various parts, species, stages of development, and geographic range; pinpoint its intriguing bioactivities, its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and its anti-cancerous effects; and ascertain its potential medicinal uses and the main future perspectives.
Euiin-Tang Attenuates Obesity-Induced Asthma by Resolving Metaflammation
Authors: Lee Ye-Eul , Im Dong-Soon
Published: June 2024

Euiin-tang reduces obesity and hypertension. Patients with obesity may develop obesity-induced asthma (OIA) owing to phlegm dampness. This study aimed to determine whether euiin-tang alleviates high-fat diet (HFD)-induced OIA in C57BL/6 mice. OIA was developed by HFD feeding for 15 weeks in C57BL/6 mice, and euiin-tang (5 mg/10 g/day) was orally administered for the last five weeks. Oral administration of euiin-tang suppressed HFD-induced changes in body weight, liver weight, airway hypersensitivity (AHR), and immune cell infiltration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Histological analysis revealed that euiin-tang treatment suppressed HFD-induced mucosal inflammation, hypersecretion, and fibrosis. The lungs and gonadal white adipose tissue showed increased expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-17A, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-13, IFN-γ, MPO, and CCL2) following HFD, whereas euiin-tang inhibited this increase. HFD also increased the number of pro-inflammatory CD86+ M1 macrophages and decreased the number of anti-inflammatory CD206+ M2 macrophages in the lungs, whereas euiin-tang treatment reversed these effects. HFD induced a decrease in adiponectin and an increase in leptin, which was reversed by euiin-tang. Therefore, euiin-tang may be a potential therapeutic agent for OIA because it suppresses metaflammation as demonstrated in the present study.
Histological Assessment of Respiratory Tract and Liver of BALB/c Mice Nebulized with Tocilizumab
Authors: de Andres Paloma Jimena , Ferreiro Sergio , Flores Angela , Garcia Almudena , Henriquez-Camacho Cesar
Published: June 2024

Pulmonary drug delivery offers a minimally invasive and efficient method for treating lung conditions, leveraging the lungs’ extensive surface area and blood flow for rapid drug absorption. Nebulized therapies aim to deliver drugs directly to the lung tissue. This study investigates the histological impact of nebulized tocilizumab—a monoclonal antibody targeting IL-6, traditionally administered intravenously for rheumatoid arthritis and severe COVID-19—on a murine model. Thirty BALB/c mice were nebulized with tocilizumab (10 mg, 5 mg, and 2.5 mg) and six controls were nebulized with saline solution. They were euthanized 48 h later, and their organs (lungs, nasal mucosa, and liver) were analyzed by a microscopic histological evaluation. The results indicate that all the mice survived the 48 h post-nebulization period without systemic compromise. The macroscopic examination showed no abnormalities, and the histopathological analysis revealed greater lung vascular changes in the control group than in the nebulized animals, which is attributable to the euthanasia with carbon dioxide. Additionally, increased alveolar macrophages were observed in the nebulized groups compared to controls. No significant histological changes were observed in the liver, indicating the safety of nebulized tocilizumab. In conclusion, these findings suggest the potential of nebulized tocilizumab for treating pulmonary inflammation, warranting further research to establish its efficacy and safety in clinical settings.
Influence of the Acceptor Fluid on the Bupivacaine Release from the Prospective Intra-Articular Methylcellulose Hydrogel
Authors: Wójcik-Pastuszka Dorota , Frąk Anna , Musiał Witold
Published: June 2024

Injections are one way of delivering drugs directly to the joint capsule. Employing this possibility, local anesthetic, such as bupivacaine (Bu), in the form of the suspension can be administered. The aim of this work was to propose a methylcellulose-based hydrogel-incorporated bupivacaine for intra-articular injections and to study the release kinetics of the drug from the hydrogel to different acceptor media, reflecting the synovial fluid of a healthy joint and the synovial fluid of an inflamed joint. The drug release studies were performed employing the flow apparatus. The drug was released to four different acceptor fluids: phosphate buffer pH = 7.4 (PBS7.4), phosphate buffer pH = 6.8 (PBS6.8), phosphate buffer pH = 7.4 with the high-molecular-weight sodium hyaluronate (PBS7.4H), and phosphate buffer pH = 6.8 with the low-molecular-weight sodium hyaluronate (PBS6.8L). The investigation was carried out at the temperature of 37 °C. The absorbance of the Bu released was measured at the wavelength of 262 nm every 2 min for 24 h. The release profiles of Bu to the acceptor media PBS7.4, PBS6.8, PBS7.4H, and PBS6.8L were described best by the first-order kinetics and the second-order equation. According to these models, the release rate constants were the highest when Bu was released to the fluid PBS7.4 and were k1 = (7.20 ± 0.01) × 10−5 min−1 and k2 = (3.00 ± 0.04) × 10−6 mg−1 × min−1, respectively. The relative viscosity of the acceptor medium, its pH, and the addition of high-molecular-weight or low-molecular-weight sodium hyaluronate (HAH or HAL) to the acceptor fluid influenced the drug dissolution. The release of Bu into the medium reflecting healthy synovial fluid takes a different pattern from its release into the fluid of an inflamed joint.
A Highly Efficient Agrobacterium rhizogenes-Mediated Hairy Root Transformation Method of Idesia polycarpa and the Generation of Transgenic Plants
Authors: Wang Hui , Cheng Kaimao , Li Tongjie , Lan Xiaoyu , Shen Li , Zhao Huayan , Lü Shiyou
Published: June 2024

Idesia polycarpa is a promising woody oilseed species because of its high oil yield. However, its use is greatly limited due to the lack of varieties with good qualities; additionally, gene function has been less studied in this plant because an efficient transformation method has not been established yet. In this study, we established a rapid and efficient hairy root transformation method by infecting the whole seedling, the rootless seedling, and the leaf petiole with Agrobacterium rhizogenes using different infection methods. Among these transformation methods, a higher transformation efficiency was obtained using the whole seedling, which could reach up to 71.91%. Furthermore, we found that the seedling age significantly affected the transformation efficiency, either using whole or rootless seedlings. Additionally, we found that the transgenic roots could regenerate transgenic shoots. Taken together, our study lays the foundation for future study and for genetically modifying wood traits in the future.