bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melatonin improves the in vitro growth of bovine oocytes collected from early antral follicles by maintaining oocyte‐cumulus cell communication
Authors: Islam Md Nuronnabi , Ebara Fumio , Konno Toshihiro , Tatemoto Hideki , Yamanaka Ken‐ichi
Published: January 2025

Purpose

In vitro, oocyte development is susceptible to oxidative stress, which leads to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This study investigated whether the antioxidant melatonin attenuates ER stress and maintains oocyte‐cumulus cell communication during the in vitro growth (IVG) of bovine oocytes.

Methods

Oocyte‐granulosa cell complexes (OGCs) were harvested from slaughterhouse‐derived ovaries and grown in vitro for 5 d at 38.5°C in 5% CO2 humidified air. Melatonin (10−7, 10−9, or 10−11 M) was added to the culture medium.

Results

Oocyte diameter increased on day 5 from its initial value in all groups. The antrum formation rate was significantly higher in the 10−9 M melatonin‐treated group than in the control. The melatonin‐treated group showed reduced oxidative stress and increased gap junction communication compared with the control. ER stress‐related genes in OGCs were significantly downregulated in the 10−9 M melatonin‐treated group compared with those in the control. No significant changes were found in subsequent maturation among groups; however, 10−9 M melatonin treatment during IVG and IVM increased the maturation rate compared with that in the control.

Conclusions

Melatonin reduces oxidative stress, which attenuates ER stress in OGCs during IVG of bovine oocytes and may improve IVG efficiency in assisted reproductive technology.
Ultra‐stable and Sensitive X‐ray Detectors Using 3D Hybrid Perovskitoid Single Crystals
Authors: Xu Lijun , Wang Daohua , Ye Huang , Li Hang , Zhang Chengshu , Guan Qianwen , Zhong Haiqing , Han Zhangtong , Luo Junhua
Published: January 2025

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) have shown great potential for direct X‐ray detection in security screening and medical diagnostics. However, their humidity stability is compromised due to the susceptibility of the structural components to water molecules, thereby limiting their practical application. In this work, stable and sensitive X‐ray detection is achieved using high‐quality bulk single crystals of the 3D perovskitoid (DMPZ)Pb2Br6 (DPB, DMPZ = N,N′‐dimethyl‐pyrazinium), wherein N‐acid protons are replaced with hydrophobic alkyl groups. Notably, the crystals maintain phase stability after 60 days of immersion in water at room temperature, demonstrating their significant potential for moisture‐stable X‐ray detectors. Based on the bulk crystals of DPB, the X‐ray detectors are successfully fabricated, achieving a high sensitivity of 6437.2 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 at 70 V bias and a detection limit low to 46.7 nGyair s−1, outperforming most low‐dimensional perovskite detectors. Most strikingly, the detectors retain 79.6% of their initial sensitivity after 14 days of water immersion, highlighting exceptional moisture stability. This work is the first to construct moisture‐stable high‐performance X‐ray detectors using 3D perovskitoid single crystals, advancing the development of stable X‐ray detection.
Pragmatic Awareness and the Need for Greater Emphasis on Pragmatic Preparation in TESOL Programs
Authors: Muyesser Meral
Published: January 2025

Pragmatics, the social language skills human beings use through everyday social interaction, is a critical and complicated segment of learning a new language. Thus, it is essential to teach pragmatics in English as a Second Language (ESL) classrooms and ESL teachers have pragmatic knowledge. This qualitative case study was designed to investigate community college ESL teachers' awareness and application of the field of pragmatics and explore if community college ESL teachers receive sufficient training in their TESOL preparation programs regarding teaching pragmatics. The purposefully selected sample was composed of 15 ESL instructors from a community college in the Mid‐Atlantic Region. Semistructured interviews were used as the primary instrument, and observations and document review were utilized as a supportive data collection method. Inductive analysis was used, and the data were coded and organized according to the research questions, and analysis and interpretation of the findings were organized into five themes that were based on the study's conceptual framework, the Interaction Hypothesis. This research revealed that ESL instructors are not fully aware of the field of pragmatics, and the understanding of its application to their teaching practice is limited. The study elevates a number of opportunities for future research, highlights a strong need in the area of practice, and emphasizes the importance of integrating pragmatic learning and teaching in both ESL teachers' preparation programs and ESL programs.
Production, characterization and life cycle analysis of ZnO doped LDPE films
Authors: Koçak Mutlu Gözde , Taskin Elif Gamze , Karahan Mehmet , Kara Ali , Üstün Gökhan Ekrem
Published: January 2025

In this study, virgin and recycled polymer films doped with ZnO in different proportions were prepared by extrusion. ZnO was first incorporated into LLDPE to produce masterbatches, which were then added to LDPE at a 10% ratio to fabricate the composite films. The produced films were analyzed using FTIR, SEM, TGA, DSC and tensile tests to evaluate their optical, thermal and mechanical properties. In addition, a life cycle assessment was carried out for each film and the environmental impacts were compared. A functional unit of 1 kg of film was selected and the process from raw material extraction to film production was analyzed in detail using the cradle‐to‐gate model. The findings indicate that the recycled film produced with 1% ZnO addition exhibits superior optical and thermal properties, high tensile and break strength, and offers positive environmental benefits. Therefore, recycled film produced with 1% ZnO additive was considered the most sustainable and suitable option for bag production.

Highlights

Virgin and recycled polymer films were doped with ZnO and produced.

Films' optical, thermal, and mechanical properties were studied.

The 1% ZnO doped recycled film exhibited high optical and thermal properties.

LCA show 1% ZnO doped recycled film is the optimal sustainable product.
Long‐term management of clinical myopathy and terminal disseminated intravascular coagulation in a 7‐year‐old female okapi (Okapia johnstoni)
Authors: Brisson Lucie , Thorel Milan , Lemberger Karin , Huberdeau Pierre , Goddard Nicolas , Pouillevet Hanae , Roch Camille , Leclerc Antoine , Lamglait Benjamin , Mulot Baptiste
Published: January 2025

A 7‐year‐old female okapi (Okapia johnstoni) was treated for 17 days on a clinical suspicion of myopathy. Intensive care was initiated, including anti‐inflammatory and analgesic drugs, preventive antibiotic therapy, vitamins, anti‐acidosis and anti‐colic treatments, aggressive fluid therapy, forced feeding and parenteral nutrition, as well as laser therapy, regular positional changes and muscle relaxants. Assisted lifting of the okapi was performed to allow for care and physiotherapy. Despite improvement in blood muscular parameters, cardiorespiratory arrest occurred on day 17. Histological examination revealed systemic vascular thrombosis compatible with a disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) process, with tissue complications such as haemorrhages, necrosis and suppuration affecting multiple organs. Focal necrotic muscular lesions of the right forelimb were attributed to a compression issue on day 1. These focal lesions and/or myopathies may be the origin of terminal DIC. Subclinical, chronic underlying deficiency in vitamin E and selenium could not be ruled out.
Deriving birth timing of roe deer fawns from body measurements to limit mowing mortality
Authors: Stehr Ferdinand Paul , Baur Sophie , Peters Wibke , König Andreas
Published: January 2025

Every spring, hiding roe deer fawns Capreolus capreolus in meadows are injured or killed by mowing activities. To assess the temporal overlap between mowing activities and the fawning period, and thus help reduce the risk of mowing death, we have determined the average parturition date in three regions of Bavaria, southern Germany.

Data on physical body parameters were collected from 1387 fawns over four consecutive springs (2020–2024). Across all of the years studied, data collection started at the end of April, independent of spring mowing activities. We searched for fawns mainly using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and recorded the status of the umbilical cord, body mass, hind foot length, total body length, head length, crown–rump length, and presence of siblings of each detected fawn. A total of 118 of the 1387 fawns were found and measured multiple times. To estimate age, we fitted a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) as a function of multiple physical parameters and subsequently determined the age and birth date of all fawns based on this predictive model. Body mass, head length, crown–rump length, and the presence of siblings were the most important predictors of fawn age (R2 = 0.74). The estimated ages were used to calculate the mean parturition dates for the region. The results show that the first fawns were born as early as April. Across years the mean parturition date was the 135th day of the year (DOY).

Our results confirmed that fawn birth dates and the hiding phase highly overlapped with spring mowing events. However, based on the derived knowledge of the exact birth times, our study can contribute to reducing mowing‐related mortality rates. Our predictive model may also provide researchers in other regions with an approach to accurately determine the ages of roe deer fawns.
Dynamical boundary value problem for a viscoelastic half-space with cut
Authors: Shavlakadze Nugzar , Odishelidze Nana , Pachulia Bachuki , Criado-Aldeanueva F.
Published: January 2025

The dynamical boundary value problem for viscoelastic half-space with cut in the form of a strip is considered. The problem is reduced to the singular integral equation of first kind. Using the method of orthogonal polynomials, the integral equation is reduced to an infinite system of linear algebraic equations. The quasi-completely regularity of the obtained system is proved and the reduction method for approximate solution is developed.
Can surgeons trust AI? Perspectives on machine learning in surgery and the importance of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)
Authors: Brandenburg Johanna M. , Müller-Stich Beat P. , Wagner Martin , van der Schaar Mihaela
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This brief report aims to summarize and discuss the methodologies of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) and their potential applications in surgery.

Methods

We briefly introduce explainability methods, including global and individual explanatory features, methods for imaging data and time series, as well as similarity classification, and unraveled rules and laws.

Results

Given the increasing interest in artificial intelligence within the surgical field, we emphasize the critical importance of transparency and interpretability in the outputs of applied models.

Conclusion

Transparency and interpretability are essential for the effective integration of AI models into clinical practice.
Neonatal outcomes in twin pregnancies in Finland from 2008 to 2023
Authors: Kuitunen Ilari
Published: January 2025

Twin pregnancies are associated with higher risks of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes compared to singleton pregnancies. This retrospective nationwide cohort study analyzed trends in twin pregnancy outcomes in Finland from 2008 to 2023 using data from the Finnish Medical Birth Register. Outcomes assessed included perinatal mortality, stillbirths, neonatal mortality, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions, and hospitalization rates at one week of age. A total of 23,588 twin births were included, with an overall stillbirth rate of 9.0 per 1000 and a perinatal mortality rate of 16.0 per 1000. Neonatal mortality rates declined significantly, with term twins showing a rate of 0.9 per 1000 and preterm twins 4.6 per 1000 in the latest years of 2022–2023. NICU admission rates remained stable for preterm twins but showed an increasing trend for term twins. The rate of hospitalized neonates at the age of seven days decreased over time.

Conclusion: These trends align with improved antenatal care and Finland’s reputation for low neonatal mortality. However, increasing maternal age and obesity rates may contribute to rising NICU admissions in term twins. The study highlights the need for continuous monitoring of neonatal outcomes to ensure high standards of care in the context of declining fertility and delivery rates in Finland.

What is Known:
• Twin pregnancies are associated with higher risks of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes compared to singleton pregnancies.
• Finland has one of the lowest neonatal mortality rates globally.

What is New:
• Neonatal mortality rates declined significantly both in term and preterm twins from 2008 to 2023.
• NICU admission rates remained stable for preterm twins but showed an increasing trend for term twins.
Structured surgical training in minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) increases textbook outcome–a risk-adjusted learning curve
Authors: Seika Philippa , Martin Friederike , Serwah Armanda , Maurer Max Magnus , Winter Axel , Ossami-Saidy Ramin Raul , Ritschl Paul V. , Dobrindt Eva , Kurreck Annika , Raakow Jonas , Pratschke Johann , Biebl Matthias , Denecke Christian
Published: January 2025

Background

Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy (MIE) is a complex surgical procedure that has become a cornerstone in the management of esophageal cancer. This study aims to delineate the learning curve associated with MIE and its impact on patient outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 191 patients who underwent MIE between 2015 and 2022. The cohort was divided into two groups according to the level of competence: Trainer (n = 100) and Trainee (n = 91). Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and surgical parameters were examined. RA-CUSUM methodology was employed to monitor patient outcomes, adjusting for variations in risk profiles using varying-coefficient logistic regression models to establish the MIE proficiency learning curve.

Results

The trainee achieved competence in terms of operative time within 47 cases, following risk adjustment. Similarly, the learning curve in terms of major complications was completed after the 55th consecutive case. The LC was completed in terms of increased incidence of TO achievement in the trainee group after 83 cases (Trainer vs. Trainee, 27.00% vs. 40.66%, p = 0.046). Anastomotic leakage (Trainer vs. Trainee, 10.00% vs. 7.69% (p = 0.575)) could be identified with consistent rates for both trainer and trainee during the observational period. Pulmonary complications accounted for the majority of complications. After a follow-up of 2 years, no effect of the learning curve on overall (p = 0.436) or disease-free (p = 0.305) survival could be concluded, indicating consistent quality and patient safety during the surgical training.

Conclusions

While technical competence can be achieved after approximately 55 cases, achievement of 'textbook outcome' (TO) requires 83 cases. The findings demonstrate that structured surgical training can progress in tandem while maintaining oncological safety for patients. While technical competence is crucial, the ultimate goal should be achieving a TO.

Graphical Abstract
The epidemiology of alcohol involved facial injuries
Authors: Sherafat Arya , Sangalang Brian , Punjabi Nihal , Waldrop Ian , Dubina Emily , Inman Jared C. , Sheets Nicholas W.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Alcohol use has been shown to affect injury patterns and risk of trauma. This study aims to characterize the epidemiologic characteristics of alcohol involved facial injuries presenting to US emergency departments.

Methods

This study reports a cross-sectional analysis of patients with facial injuries within the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). Demographics, disposition, and mechanism of injury were compared between facial injury patients with reported/suspected alcohol consumption prior to or during the time of injury (AIFI+) and facial injury patients with no alcohol consumption (AIFI-).

Results

A total of 37,777 facial injuries were reported within the NEISS. Out if these, 3,336 patients experienced an alcohol involved facial injury (AIFI+). AIFI + patients were younger than AIFI- patients (47 vs. 57, p < 0.001), more likely to be male (68.5% vs. 31.5%, p < 0.001), and more likely to be White (51.6% vs. 53.6%, p = 0.03). Patients with AIFI were less likely to be injured at home (41.5% vs. 45.5%, p < 0.001) and more likely to be injured in the street (8.5% vs. 4.5%, p < 0.001). Disposition differed with AIFI + patients less likely to be treated and released (78.8% vs. 83.3%, p < 0.001) and more likely to leave without being seen (3.8% vs. 1.8%, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Our study reports that AIFI + patients are younger, more likely to be injured on the street, and more likely to be injured by stairs than AIFI- patients. Additionally, patients with an AIFI + are more likely to leave the hospital without being seen.
Exploring the limits of csq-Zr-MOFs in Adsorption Heat Pumps: a computational study of their potential for cooling and heating applications
Authors: Suyetin Mikhail , Peskov Maxim V. , Schwingenschlögl Udo , Sarkisov Lev
Published: January 2025

Adsorption Heat Pumps (AHPs) promise to play a leading role in achieving targets for decarbonization and reducing worldwide energy consumption. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been extensively explored in recent years as the medium for AHP due to their outstanding tunability, large surface area, and pore volume. In this work, we computationally design a series of Zr-MOFs with a csq topology using organic linkers of varying lengths to investigate the improvement of the coefficient of performance for heating (COP

H
) and cooling (COP

C
). Employing DFT methods, we assess the mechanical stability of these csq-Zr-MOFs by analyzing bulk modulus, shear modulus, and Young’s modulus. We set criteria for mechanical stability, requiring hypothetical csq-Zr-MOFs to have superior or at least equal mechanical properties compared to the experimentally obtained reference MOFs: DUT-6, DUT-60, and MOF-399. It is encouraging to observe that mechanically stable, in silico designed csq-Zr-MOF-5T demonstrates superior cooling performance with a COP

C

 = 0.88. Furthermore, 5T approaches the theoretical COP

H
limit with a COP

H

 = 1.91. This highlights the importance of pore engineering in optimizing MOF properties. In addition to creating new types of MOFs, we advocate for fine-tuning the existing MOFs using molecular simulations as a guidance.
Daily power generation forecasting for a grid-connected solar power plant using transfer learning technique
Authors: Tajjour Salwan , Chandel Shyam Singh , Malik Hasmat , Márquez Fausto Pedro García , Alotaibi Majed A.
Published: January 2025

Deep learning is efficiently used for photovoltaic power generation forecasting to handle the intermittent nature of solar energy. However, big data are required for training deep networks which are not available for newly installed plants. Therefore, in this study, a novel strategy is proposed to train a deep learning model using a transfer learning technique to cop up with the unavailability of enough training datasets. A new 400 kWp solar power plant installed in the Himalayan region is considered as a case study to evaluate the proposed model. The proposed approach utilizes solar radiation data to train a deep neural network and then fine-tune the model using the power generation data from the plant. The network architecture is optimized using grey wolf optimizer to find the best suitable model for the data. The evaluation results show that the same model can achieve higher performance in generation forecasting with percentage error improved by 2% and R-value increased by 7.7% after applying transfer learning. Moreover, SHapley Additive exPlanation and Partial Dependence Plots are used to interpret the model behavior and showed that the model is mostly dependent on the previous generation values (up to 4 days) followed by the temperature and solar radiation.
Unveiling sextortion in sport: a global inquiry into the nexus of sexual violence, abuse of power, and corruption for enhanced safeguarding
Authors: Bragagnolo Whitney , Lezama Yaneí
Published: January 2025

Sextortion, a distinct form of sexual misconduct intersects with both sexual violence and corruption. Within the sphere of sport, marked by inherent power differentials and hierarchical structures, cases of sexual abuse and corruption persist, with sextortion emerging as a concerning manifestation of these pervasive issues. While sextortion shares commonalities with other forms of sexual abuse, such as harassment and assault, a distinguishing feature lies in how coercion is leveraged through authority or power imbalances. Unlike more overt forms of abuse, sextortion often involves subtle or implicit threats, where compliance is sought in exchange for perceived privileges or opportunities within the sporting environment. Leveraging Institutional Theory and Applied Ethics, this study aims to provide a comprehensive exploration of sextortion in sport. Despite increasing awareness, research on sextortion in sport remains limited. Previous studies lack data specific to this elusive misconduct, primarily relying on empirical data related to sexual abuse. This study represents the first empirical investigation into sextortion in sport, drawing on data collected from 49 countries and endeavours to quantifiably communicate the scale of sextortion. Through data analysis of over 500 elite athletes, community sport practitioners, and sport industry professionals aged 17 and above, the research sheds light on experiences related to abuses of entrusted power for sexual gain. Results found 20% (n = 96) of global respondents experienced sextortion, including 37 minors at the time of the incident, encompassing diverse genders, abilities, and identities. Sextortion was identified across 41 of the 49 surveyed nationalities and within 19 of 26 sport categories from grassroots to elite levels. This research deepens the understanding of sport-related sextortion and underscores the importance of addressing this pervasive issue through further theoretical and empirical inquiry. It emphasises the critical role of good governance, clear safeguarding protocols, increased awareness of power dynamics, consent, and the importance of diverse regional data in effectively combating sextortion in the sporting domain.
Microstructural and Strength Changes During Multi-Axial Forging of Ta-10 wt% W and its Comparison with Ta
Authors: Kedharnath A. , Kapoor Rajeev , Sarkar Apu
Published: January 2025

The study aims to bring out the effect of microstructural modification and W addition in TaW on the strength as these alloys find applications in ballistics, high temperature and corrosive environments. Coarse-grained tantalum-10 wt% tungsten (Ta-10 W) was multi-axially forged (MAF) to 3, 6, and 9 passes corresponding to equivalent strains of 2.4, 4.8 and 7.2, respectively. The MAF Ta-10 W samples were characterized for their microstructural and mechanical properties. The average grain size decreased from 20 μm in the starting material to 3 μm after 3 passes and to 0.38 μm after 9 passes. The fraction of high angle grain boundaries (
$$\:{f}_{hagb}$$
) increased from 0.26 (3 passes) to 0.56 (9 passes) and the fraction of recrystallized grains (
$$\:{f}_{recry}$$
) increased from 0.31 (3 passes) to 0.92 (9 passes). The yield stress increased from 964 MPa after 3 passes to 1202 MPa after 9 passes. It was found that the contribution from GBs as compared to that from dislocations was lower after 3 passes than after 9 passes. The addition of tungsten to tantalum increased the flow locus during MAF and yield stress of MAF samples to almost double as compared to Ta. As compared to MAF Ta, MAF Ta-10 W showed finer grains, higher
$$\:{f}_{hagb}$$
, and higher
$$\:{f}_{recry}$$
.

Graphical Abstract
Towards the validation of manufacturing simulations by means of digital twins: conception, implementation and data acquisition for a composite aircraft moveable manufacturing process
Authors: Rädel Martin , Denker Björn , Kamp Bram van de , Liebers Nico , Prussak Robert
Published: January 2025

Simulations are used in the development of structures. These methods and their results are increasingly applied on the way toward a more analysis-based certification process for aircraft structures. The absolute basis for being considered as an acceptable means of compliance (AMC) with regard to a certification paragraph is the validation of these methods and their respective results using physical test data. This contribution describes the approach of generating this validation data and its provision by means of a digital twin (Digital twin in Definition & value. Technical report, AIAA & AIA, 12 (2020). https://www.aiaa.org/docs/default-source/uploadedfiles/issues-and-advocacy/policy-papers/digital-twin-institute-position-paper-(december-2020).pdf, 2020) of a manufacturing process. The work is performed for the virtual production of the initial virtual product house (VPH) use case, a composite multispar moveable of a long-range reference aircraft configuration. It includes the definition of the desired validation data, modeling of the manufacturing process by means of an extended formalized process description (FPD) based on Verein Deutscher Ingenieure e.V. (VDI/VDE-Richtlinie 3682-Part 1: Formalised process descriptions-concept and graphic representation. Standard. https://www.beuth.de/de/technische-regel/vdi-vde-3682-blatt-1/230173798, 2015), the choice of required sensors as well as their integration into an existing tooling as well as the structure itself. Furthermore, the realization and data acquisition during the manufacturing process as well as the creation of a digital twin using a data model based on the formalised process are described. Finally, first results for the evaluation of the use case structure are presented. It is shown that is possible to provide a digital twin based on measured sensor data and provide pre-processing capabilities for this raw data to facilitate the validation of manufacturing process simulations. The creation of this digital twin and the overall realization of the manufacturing is greatly facilitated by the use of FPD and a derived digital life data sheet (LDS).
Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG): indications and results—a systematic review
Authors: Stier Christine Karolina , Téoule Patrick , Dayyeh Barham K. Abu
Published: January 2025

Obesity is a major global health problem and at the same time a financial burden for social security systems. For a long time, conventional lifestyle interventions have tried unsuccessfully to find a solution. It has been proven that only interventions that ultimately address the central control centers of hunger, appetite and satiety will lead to sustained weight loss. As a result, metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) has become the gold standard in the treatment of obesity and has been shown to be effective and safe in both the short and long term. Processed via the gut–brain axis, MBS not only leads to weight loss, but also—and, in addition, independently through the modification of the intestinal tract in bypass surgery—to a significant remission rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the typical co-morbidity of obesity. However, MBS is not suitable for all patients. Some patients are ineligible due to a high-risk profile or do not wish to undergo surgery, whilst others do not meet the criteria for MBS but still suffer from obesity. This treatment gap has been a driving force behind the development of endoscopic solutions such as endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG). ESG offers a less invasive, endoluminal and anatomy-sparing alternative that reduces gastric volume by suturing tissue folds along the greater curvature. Such a reduction in gastric volume, which is also one principle of action of MBS, can induce earlier satiety and lead to weight loss. The evidence behind this procedure, in particular its efficacy and safety, should be objectified through this review.
The Politics of Platform Technologies: A Critical Conceptualization of the Platform and Sharing Economy
Authors: Spier Shaked
Published: January 2025

This paper offers a political analysis of the platform and sharing economy—an economic model in which digital platforms facilitate social and economic interactions. Its two central models, mainstream and cooperative platforms, offer similar applications and services (e.g., home-sharing, food delivery), but fundamentally differ in their ownership and governance structures, economic models, and technical designs. Building on literature from the politics of technology (PoT), the paper develops an approach for the political analysis of platform technologies, combining central components from the works of Winner, Feenberg, and Pfaffenberger. This approach is then applied to analyze the platform and sharing economy, highlighting the political significance of platform technologies. The analysis reveals three key insights. First, when incorporated into particular social arrangements, digital platforms become means for shaping social realities rather than mere tools for specific uses. Second, mainstream platforms perpetuate capitalist conditions in the digital sphere and therefore necessitate platform capitalism to function, whereas cooperative platforms resist and undermine it. Third, the dynamics between the platform models embody a struggle over the question of the good life in the digital economy. Additionally, the paper uncovers a philosophical weakness in Winner’s definition of “inherently political technologies” that warrants further attention in PoT literature.
Determinants of frailty among hospitalized older adults across various wards in a tertiary care hospital in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Prabha , Smith Lee , Shakya Sarina , Acharya Yunika
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Frailty, characterized by decreased resilience due to physiological decline, affects approximately 65% of community-dwelling elderly in Nepal. This study assessed frailty and its factors among hospitalized older adults in a tertiary hospital in Nepal.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 124 participants aged 60 and above, admitted to a tertiary hospital in Nepal. Frailty was assessed using the Groningen Frailty Index (GFI), a validated self-reported tool. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with frailty, using STATA version 13.0.

Results

Frailty was observed in 58.8% of participants. Adjusted analysis showed that, compared to those who cannot read and write, those with no formal education had 0.14 times lower odds of frailty (p = 0.01, 95% CI 0.03–0.66), while those with formal education had 0.19 times lower odds (p = 0.01, 95% CI = 0.04–0.73). Participants with comorbidities had 3.51 times higher odds of frailty (p = 0.01, 95% CI: 1.22–10.07), and those with a history of falls had 8.10 times higher odds (p = 0.005, 95% CI: 1.89–34.78).

Conclusion

Frailty was prevalent in over half of the respondents. Lower levels of educational achievement, comorbidities, and a history of falls were identified factors of frailty. Targeted interventions addressing multimorbidity and fall prevention may reduce frailty risk among high-risk older adults in Nepal.
Adaptive Controller Approach for a Three-Axis Helmholtz Magnetic Test-Bed to Test Detumbling Simulations in the GWSAT Satellite
Authors: Espinoza-Garcia Brayan , Wang Xinsheng , Yanyachi P. Raul
Published: January 2025

The paper introduces the design and simulation of the IS501NMTB magnetic test-bed, which utilizes three Helmholtz coils controlled by three independent ITECH IT6433 DC power sources and a MAG649L magnetometer. The goal is to perform in-the-loop simulations to test detumbling and nadir-pointing attitude control algorithms for the GWSAT mission, as well as to assess the capability of the IS501NMTB to characterize the magnetic dipole of small satellites using perturbation observers. A mathematical model based on RL circuits and the Biot–Savart law is employed and validated with experimental data measured in 2021 and 2024, demonstrating parameter variations over time. Additionally, closed-loop PID, adaptive PID, and MRAC control algorithms were tested for canceling Earth’s magnetic field and simulating Earth’s magnetic field at the GWSAT orbit using the IGRF-13 model. The results obtained from these simulations are analyzed and compared using error integration and control integration metrics to determine whether the use of adaptive controllers is advantageous in this application.
Activation energies of oxidation in air for SPS-sintered zirconium and its alloys
Authors: Wnuk Radoslaw , Novak Pavel , Stępień Michal , Jaworska Lucyna , Marek Ivo , Noga Piotr , Skrzekut Tomasz , Małecki Stanisław
Published: January 2025

The research concerns the oxidation process of SPS-sintered zirconium-based materials. The sintered materials are characterized by residual porosity, which can affect the intensification of the oxidation process, compared to melted materials. On the basis of TGA tests carried out at temperatures of 500, 600, 700, and 800 °C, activation energies in air of sintered Zr, Zr–2.5Cu, Zr–2.5Nb, and Zr–2.5Mn, respectively, were calculated. Based on the studies of the microstructure and phase composition of oxidized materials, degradation mechanisms were analyzed for materials after annealing at 700 °C. In sintered Zr, Zr–2.5Cu, and Zr–2.5Nb oxidized at 700 °C, Si3N4 was detected. Si3N4 is formed at the zirconium oxide–zirconium boundary, in oxygen-deficient conditions. Zr–2.5Cu demonstrated the lowest tendency to oxidize despite the low values of activation energy for the oxidation process in air of 61 kJ/mol. This material showed the highest resistance to oxidation in air.
Mechanical anchorage system in retrofitting of RC slabs using CFRP rods and concrete jacket
Authors: Saeed Firas Hassan , Hejazi Farzad , Rashid Raizal Saifulnaz Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Over the past few decades, the demand for retrofitting reinforced concrete members has risen dramatically. Retrofitting reinforced concrete slabs with carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) rods and ultra-high-performance-fiber-reinforced-concrete (UHPFRC) jackets is the one of significantly effective techniques. However, the main challenge of employing CFRP rods and UHPFRC jackets technique to strengthen existing reinforced concrete members is the efficiency of using CFRP rods and the debonding issue between old and fresh new concrete jacketing. Debonding mostly occurs between CFRP rods and old concrete, as well as the surfaces of old and new concrete, and is especially prevalent when the slab is subjected to daily repetitive loads such as cyclic loads. In this study, a new retrofitting system utilizing a mechanical anchor system was proposed to improve the bond between the UHPFRC layer and existing slab. This mechanical system incorporates an expandable anchorage bolt and steel plates. Therefore, a benchmark RC slab and two retrofitted RC slabs were experimentally tested under a five-point incremental repeated load (cyclic load) employing the dynamic actuator. The influence of embedded CFRP rods into the jacket of UHPFRC on the performance of system were studied. The experimental results showed that the newly proposed approach was significantly effective in preventing early debonding. In addition, the mechanical system played an essential role by improving the attachment between the jacket and the slab, ensuring better load transfer. A new proposed retrofitting technique improved the capacity of slabs from 164 to 298kN, illustrating an improvement of over 82%. On the other hand, the FE models have been developed to provide both practical validation and deeper analytical insights, ensuring a comprehensive evaluation of the proposed retrofitting system. Experimental data were used to validate the results of the finite-element models, which showed good agreement and high accuracy. Finally, a parametric study was executed to evaluate the impact of various parameters on the performance and efficacy of the new suggested strengthening technique, and to optimize the proposed system parameters, including the diameter of bolts, a normal strength concrete (NSC) jacket with various grades rather than the UHPFRC, applying the proposed retrofitting technique on a compressive side instead of a tension zone, and rebar steel of varying diameters in the jacket instead of CFRP rods. Findings indicated (parametric study) that using anchor bolts with a diameter greater than 12 mm improved the slabs’ ultimate load capacity.
Current advances in bioethanol synthesis from lignocellulosic biomass: sustainable methods, technological developments, and challenges
Authors: Novia Novia , Melwita Elda , Jannah Asyeni Miftahul , Selpiana Selpiana , Yandriani Yandriani , Afrah Bazlina Dawami , Rendana Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass has become an economical and environmentally friendly substitute to current petroleum-based fuels. This is due to its ability to decrease carbon dioxide emissions and make use of plentiful natural resources. Current advances in this area concentrate on improving the effectiveness and expandability of the conversion procedures by using inventive pretreatment approaches, enhanced enzyme compositions, and refined fermentation technologies. Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) and utilizing genetically modified microbes have expedited the decomposition of intricate biomass complexes and enhanced overall productivity. Furthermore, process intensification developments, such as the adoption of hybrid reactors and continuous production systems, have considerably decreased production expenses and energy usage. Nevertheless, there are still obstacles to overcome, including the raw materials inconsistency, the demand for efficient recovery and purifying techniques, and the financial viability of extensive processes. This study examines the latest developments in bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. It focuses on ecological approaches, technical advancements, and the main obstacles that need to be overcome to exploit its promise as a biofuel fully. This review primarily focused on outcomes documented in the last five years from 2019 to 2024. The first segment of this work focuses on the second-generation bioethanol production process, which includes: the properties and composition of lignocellulosic biomass, pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification, and fermentation. The subsequent portion of this paper examines a techno-economic analysis, the obstacles and the prospective technology outlook. It finishes by discussing findings from research fields that haven't been investigated yet, besides the obstacles faced in bioethanol manufacturing methods.
Unveiling carbon dynamics in year-round waterlogged pond fields: insights into soil organic carbon accumulation and sustainable management
Authors: Xiao Liang , Chen Sijie , Han Fengxiang , Wang Tao , Li Yueshi , Li Wenhan , Yuan Guodong , Wu Jinghua
Published: January 2025

Agri-ecosystems with flooded fields are pivotal in global carbon (C) dynamics. Although extensive research has focused on carbon sequestration in paddy fields, year-round waterlogged pond fields remain underexplored. This study investigates carbon dynamics in pond fields planted with Semen Euryales for 0, 24, and 60 years, examining soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation and shifts in its composition. The results revealed a progressive increase in SOC, driven by particulate organic C (POC) and mineral-associated organic (MAOC). SOC increased significantly from 7.49 g kg–1 to 46.10 g kg–1 over the 60 years, with particulate organic carbon (POC) rising from 12.0% to 42.0% and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) decreasing from 87.8% to 58.0%. Lignin phenols, reflecting plant-derived carbon, surged from 11.0% to 68.8%, while amino sugars, indicative of microbial residues, declined from 89.0% to 31.2%, suggesting reduced microbial activity under prolonged anaerobic conditions. Total microbial phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) decreased by 40.6% and 43.8% after 24 and 60 years, respectively, further supporting the conclusion that anaerobic conditions limit microbial survival. The prolonged waterlogging reduced microbial decomposition, enhancing the accumulation of POC, particularly from plant-derived carbon such as Semen Euryales residues. The accumulation of microbial residues, especially fungal necromass, played a significant role in forming MAOC. That is, continuous waterlogging promoted POC accumulation and also contributed to MAOC stabilization. The findings provide valuable insights into sustainable carbon management practices in pond fields and contribute to climate change mitigation.

Graphical Abstract
Thermoelectric magnetohydrodynamic flow in a liquid metal-infused trench
Authors: Bond O.G. , Howell P.D.
Published: January 2025

We derive a mathematical model for steady, unidirectional, thermoelectric magnetohydrodynamic (TEMHD) flow of liquid lithium along a solid metal trench, subject to an imposed heat flux. We use a finite-element method implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics to solve the problem numerically, demonstrating how the fluid velocity, induced magnetic field and temperature change depending on the key physical and geometrical parameters. The observed flow structures are elucidated by using the method of matched asymptotic expansions to obtain approximate solutions in the limit where the Hartmann number is large and the trench walls are thin.
Dismantling pervasive gender stereotypes in healthcare leadership contexts with an ecological systems theory approach
Authors: Lux Andrei A. , Salehi Nasim , Hurley Diarmuid , Emanuel Elizabeth
Published: January 2025

Leadership emergence is fraught with pervasive gender stereotypes, and women remain underrepresented in senior leadership roles, particularly in healthcare organisations. We apply ecological systems theory to explain how environmental factors enable or inhibit women’s leadership emergence in healthcare settings. We interviewed 17 senior female leaders in the Australian healthcare sector to explore how gender-related perceptions affected their leadership journeys. Five themes emerged that challenge existing narratives: men supported women’s advancement; women impeded other women’s progress; vulnerability was a leadership strength; ambitious women were ostracised; and women were ‘given’ leadership opportunities rather than actively pursuing them. By situating these findings within the ecological systems theory framework, we highlight the interplay of individual and contextual influences across ecosystem levels. Our study offers a novel perspective on gender stereotypes in leadership emergence, advancing ecological systems theory by extending it into a new field. We provide recommendations at individual, organisational, community, and societal levels to empower women leaders.
Semantic information boosts the acquisition of a novel grammatical system in different presentation formats
Authors: Wendebourg Katharina , Öttl Birgit , Meurers Detmar , Kaup Barbara
Published: January 2025

Designing effective language learning settings requires an understanding of the processes taking place in language learning and the way they interact. One important issue concerns the interaction between meaning and grammar. A number of studies have shown a beneficial effect of semantics in grammar learning. What is unclear, however, is how far this effect may be influenced by the presentation formats of the semantic content. In two experiments, participants performed rule search tasks on Latin sentences. In Experiment 1, we presented semantic information in the form of naturalistic photographs, whereas in Experiment 2, the semantic information was implemented by quasi-translations. The control groups did not receive any semantic information. Learning performance was assessed by a grammaticality-judgment task combined with a source-attributions task. In both experiments, participants in the with-semantics group outperformed the respective control groups. Yet, only in Experiment 1, participants report having more explicit than implicit knowledge. We argue that semantic information boosts the acquisition of grammatical structures regardless of the presentation format. Furthermore, we suggest that, consistent with multimedia learning theories, the pictorial presentation format of Experiment 1 helped to use working memory capacity efficiently, which may have led to the generation of more explicit knowledge.
The prevalence of food addiction and its association with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Silva-Júnior André Eduardo da , Macena Mateus de Lima , Bueno Nassib Bezerra
Published: January 2025

The study aim was to determine the prevalence of food addiction (FA) in individuals with type 2 diabetes and to assess the association between FA and type 2 diabetes. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Sciences, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, ScienceDirect, Scopus and PsycINFO were searched until November 2024. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023465903). Cross-sectional studies, case–control, cohorts and clinical trials that were carried out with individuals with type 2 diabetes, regardless of age and sex, were included. The complete data extracted included the prevalence, OR and/or risk ratio of FA, the number of individuals evaluated, age, sex, weight, presence of co-morbidities, age of participants and FA symptoms. A pooled prevalence of FA of 30 % (95 % CI (18, 44) with estimated predictive interval (0; 85); I2 = 99·51; 12 studies; 15 947 participants) was identified. For the associations between FA and type 2 diabetes, we found a grouped crude OR value of 2·35 (95 % CI (1·71, 2·98)). The pooled OR adjusted for age and sex was 2·60 (95 % CI (1·77, 3·42)). Finally, the OR adjusted for age, sex and BMI was 2·01 (95 % CI (1·39, 2·64)). The results of the meta-analyses showed a high prevalence of FA in individuals with type 2 diabetes and that the associations between these two conditions remained even after adjustment for age, sex and BMI, although with a high heterogeneity among individual estimates.