bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Performance Improvement Rate of Plastic Production System Using ARENA: A Case Study of Phoenix Plastic Services
Authors: Onyekachi Okafor Monday , Mba Bethel , Onwuka Franklin , Alozie Uchenna
Published: November 2024

Production improvement has become essential to all industrial activity because of the fierce competition among today's production systems and organizations and the unquenchable customer demand. The shorter product life cycle has significantly increased the demand for prompt reactions to increase the productivity and efficiency of these industrial systems. This study examined the evaluation of performance improvement rate of plastic production system using ARENA. The report provided by the plastics industry was used in the study to analyze and assess the rate of performance improvement of the plastic manufacturing system. The location of the bottleneck was determined by the research following a thorough analysis of the plastic company's data, which included information on all manufacturing lines and procedures. The research employed Arena to assess and compute the rate of improvement in system performance while accounting for the material transporting process throughout the production line. The conveyor velocity maintains a lock at 75m/min, despite the company's report stating that the transports run at 30m/min. The optimized and unoptimized processes when obtained from a finished recycling process running for 1000 working hours, indicate that the conveyor process had 1045 and 1027 entity input and output, respectively, and the transporter process had 953 and 929 entities input and output respectively. The remaining number left when considering the number that enters the system with the number that leaves the system went to waste, resulting from the sorting and demagnetization process. The introduction of the conveyor brings 10.549% in the production rate and 50% decrease on expenses spent in labor. Through the conveyor system's speed control factor, which is an automated procedure, the system's percentage increment may be further raised. By raising the conveyor system's speed, more items will be produced. Conveyor system installation free up more space for additional production-related equipment, increasing products formed and the company's profit. The cost of purchasing and installing the conveyor will be covered by the excess profit.
ALÉM DOS NÚMEROS FRIOS
Authors: Mendes Maike Jorge Matos , Quadrado Jaqueline Carvalho
Published: November 2024

Os feminicídios têm aumentado ao longo dos anos, representando perigo para milhões de mulheres. Apesar de muitas pesquisas terem sido conduzidas para entender o fenômeno, poucos estudos exploram o perfil das vítimas e, especialmente, dos perpetradores. Assim, diante de um aumento excepcional nos casos de feminicídios em 2021, no município de São Borja (RS), buscou-se examinar o perfil das vítimas e dos agressores com base em dados da 1ª Delegacia de Polícia Civil do município. Utilizamos o método bibliográfico e o estudo comparativo, visando encontrar regularidades entre os dados nacionais e os municipais. De resultados encontrados, observamos que as vítimas geralmente eram mulheres brancas, solteiras, sem faixa etária específica, com baixa escolaridade, mães, com vínculos próximos aos agressores e residentes em áreas de vulnerabilidade social. Quanto aos agressores, eram homens mais velhos, com pouca escolaridade, solteiros, munidos de revólver, faca ou objeto asfixiante, motivados por razões fúteis, não aceitação do término, ou motivos desconhecidos. Assim, a partir da elucidação do perfil das vítimas e dos assassinos, esse estudo espera contribuir para uma compreensão do fenômeno em nível local e, abrir caminho para futuras pesquisas que busquem ampliar a análise considerando a relação entre os dados levantados e a realidade nacional.
FACÇÕES CRIMINOSAS NO BRASIL
Authors: Silveira Gabriel Eidelwein , Meneses Nicodemos Coutinho de
Published: November 2024

O presente artigo tem como pressuposto teórico a pesquisa de mestrado intitulada “PAZ, JUSTIÇA, LIBERDADE, IGUALDADE E UNIÃO? Um estudo sobre as condições de surgimento e as manifestações de ‘facções criminosas’ na cidade de Teresina/PI” (PPGS/UFPI – 2021), de autoria do segundo autor sob a orientação do primeiro, bem como suporte prático na atividade policial realizada pelo segundo autor por mais de duas décadas, voltada, notadamente, às investigações sobre crime organizado. Neste texto, os autores pretendem enfatizar a complexidade do fenômeno das facções criminosas e como tal fenômeno tem sido reduzido a uma questão puramente policial pelos gestores públicos. Na tentativa de dar um passo a mais na compreensão do tema, buscou-se fazer reflexões sobre como as indefinições e desacertos na abordagem do fenômeno impactam nas políticas de segurança pública em suas tentativas de conter a violência e a criminalidade. Defendeu-se que o discurso de “combate às organizações criminosas” precisa ser aprimorado, no sentido de que o Estado deve lançar mão de políticas sociais como prevenção primária, que possibilitem afastar da criminalidade os grupos mais vulneráveis e que valorizem a cidadania e os direitos humanos. Daí a importância de outras instituições sociais, formais e informais, na prevenção de toda forma de violência contra o indivíduo e a sociedade.
LA FAMÍLIA MODERNA VERSUS FAMÍLIA ENCARCERADA
Authors: Pinheiro Wanney Cavalcante , Barbosa Eriosvaldo Lima
Published: November 2024

O referido estudo é resultante de uma pesquisa de mestrado no âmbito do Programa de Pós-graduação em Sociologia - PPGS/UFPI. No decorrer do levantamento de dados e construção teórica, buscou-se compreender o processo de extensão do cárcere, dentro do conceito de Prisionização, e analisar todos os impactos gerados nas constituições familiares (em suas variáveis) na sua ambientação com o sistema penitenciário, alcançando as necessidades explícitas para os visitantes das pessoas encarceradas no locus da pesquisa na Penitenciária Mista de Parnaíba, localizada na região litoral do estado. Ratifica-se que o presente estudo não manifestou em nenhum momento, a intenção de limitar os aspectos e conceitos familiares, mas sim, ampliar a visibilidade dessas, exaltando o espaço de voz, cabível aos direitos inerentes às suas próprias constituições. Concluiu-se que algumas estratégias de modificação do panorama dessa realidade, certamente atuam como mudanças ao paradigma estrutural ideológico e social.
Reevaluating Ali Gomaa’s Fatwa on Bank Interest:
Authors: Maksalmina
Published: November 2024

This paper aims to reexamine Ali Gomaa’s ijtihad metodology regarding bank interest and his paradigm of thinking. Bank interest is declared usury by the majority of clerics because it is considered additional within. According to Ali Gomaa, the addition to bank interest is not considered as usury, because it is a profit from customer investments managed by the bank. This study uses qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The result of this study indicate that Gomaa’s ijtihad methodology on the fatwa of bank interest is a combination of several methods, namely bayani (studying verses and hadiths related to bank interest) then studying and selecting the opinions of previous scholars who permitted bank interest (intiqa’i) and determining the halalness of bank interest by considering the principle of jalb al-mashlahah (istishlahi). The al-maslahah is understood from Gomaa’s paradigm that the nature of a bank as an intermediary institution that functions to invest money where the capital owner (customer) also receives the results of the profit and the bank is a financial institution that can control the community in it.
Features of the Method for Synchronizing Active Electrical Networks with Microgrid
Authors: Ghulomzoda Anvari , Odinabekov Mukhammadjon , Lyukhanov Egor
Published: November 2024

Currently, with the increasing degree of decentralization of power system management, small distributed generation is becoming the main source of power for consumers in local power connections. Such networks acquire Microgrid properties and adapt to work both independently and in parallel with an external network. Operating independently, Microgrid networks are able to transfer excess electricity to an external network under certain conditions. Due to the low inertia of power units and the stochasticity of their own loads, connecting Microgrid to an external network can lead to sharp power surges and drops, causing a shock moment on the shaft of generating equipment. The purpose of this paper is to develop and study an algorithm for managing Microgrid synchronization with an external network. A synchronization control algorithm is investigated and proposed, which makes it possible to connect generating units for parallel operation with an external network with minimal impact moment on the shaft. A comparison of the simulation results of the proposed method with the standard one is given. Based on the research data, statistical data were collected and analyzed.
Exploring the Potential of Geospatial Data: An In-Depth Investigation
Authors: Mahjoobi Emad , Rafiei Fatemeh
Published: November 2024

Remote sensing revolutionizes our understanding of Earth’s surface, leveraging data acquisition platforms like satellites utilizing a vast electromagnetic spectrum (optical, radar, and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)), and reveals information beyond human perception. Preprocessing (geometric/radiometric correction and georeferencing) ensures data quality, while the ever-increasing volume presents challenges in storage, processing, and skillsets. Fortunately, advancements in cloud computing and big data analytics are mitigating these limitations. This data empowers various fields: environmental monitoring allows for real-time tracking of deforestation and land cover changes, while resource management benefits from mapping water resources, mineral deposits, and agricultural productivity. Scientific discovery flourishes with the capability to study climate change, map biodiversity, and analyze intricate planetary dynamics. The combination of big data analytics and machine learning has introduced a new era in remote sensing, unlocking unprecedented opportunities for extracting valuable insights from vast and complex datasets. This powerful combination has led to significant advancements across various applications, driving improved efficiency, accuracy, and decision-making. Remote sensing stands as a powerful tool for Earth observation, offering a multifaceted perspective on our planet’s health and resources. As technology continues to evolve, the potential of remote sensing will undoubtedly expand, fostering a deeper understanding and a more sustainable future for Earth.
Homo Transmutans: Challenges of Educational Discourse in a Digital Multicultural Class
Authors: V. Moshnyaga Elena
Published: November 2024

The focus of the study is on the transformation of individuals as communicators in a digital multicultural educational environment, a large-scale worldwide transition that was caused by pandemic (COVID-19) restrictions and the consequences of which have dramatically changed the formats and forms of communication in educational settings. Adapting to the virtual space of intercultural communication and the new, electronic, continuum of educational discourse, students, transforming themselves, transform the communicative community and their learning environment. The purpose of the study is to identify and conceptualize the signs of transformation of the multicultural class participants’ identities when studying under international programs in the virtual space of communication. The research methods involved participant longitudinal observation (during the period of 2020–2024: the pandemic and the immediate post-pandemic years), survey, discourse analysis, and conceptual and axiological analyses. Among the results reflecting the dynamics of communication transformation processes in digital intercultural education are the encapsulation of communication, transcultural communication, and the development of multimodal competency, to name but a few.
Social Policy Implementation in Nigeria (2015–2023)
Authors: Etido Atakpa Ofonmbuk
Published: November 2024

Nigeria recently adorned the unfortunate title of the poverty capital of the world, despite its huge potential and expenditure of tens of trillions of Naira on poverty eradication through multiple intervention policies and programmes. The topic will explore the implementation of the social policy programmes embarked upon by the federal government of Nigeria between 2015 and 2023. The paper will consider the circumstances that led to the initiation and implementation of the various intervention programmes under the aegis of the National Social Protection Policy (NSPP), including employment generation, social safety nets, conditional cash transfers, maternal and child health care, etc. The chapter will adopt a qualitative approach, generating data from existing literature to evaluate the implementation vistas of the policy thrust, after which inferences will be drawn to draw conclusions and recommendations for future policy implementation.
The Role of TB Biomarkers in Diagnosis, Prognosis and Prevention of Tuberculosis
Authors: Matuku-Kisaumbi Peter
Published: November 2024

This chapter focuses on how biomarkers of tuberculosis can be utilized in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment monitoring of TB. Tuberculosis biomarkers are measurable molecular indicators present and/or whose levels are altered in disease states. Found in blood, urine, bronchoalveolar lavage or sputum, biomarkers can originate from the bacteria (e.g. Ag85, lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and bacterial DNA) or from the host (e.g. cytokines/chemokines, metabolites, transcriptomics, mixed signatures and other proteins). Despite the lack of tuberculous specificity, Ag85 can facilitate early detection of mycobacterial infection, giving room for early commencing of treatment and, hence, better disease prognosis. Findings indicate that latent TB Infection (LTBI) can be diagnosed by Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) and piRNAs but is distinctively detected by TAM-TB (based on Ki-67, HLA-DR and SD38) and the CD4+; CCR6+, CXCR3+ and CCR4 signatures. Active Tuberculosis (ATB) in children can be diagnosed early by pyridoxate, quinolinate and N-acetylneuraminate metabolites signature, while gamma-glutamylalanine, pyridoxate, glutamine and gamma-glutamylglycine metabolites identify treatment response in this population. Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), MMP-7 and C-reactive protein signature can reliably differentiate Extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) from Pulmonary TB (PTB) and health controls among juveniles. Irrespective of age, Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) can distinguish EPTB from PTB, since the later has significantly higher MBL than PTB and Controls. RISK11 has excellent diagnostic and prognostic capabilities in identifying ambulatory People living with HIV/AIDS+Active TB (PLWH+ATB) patients and the likelihood that latent conditions will advance to incident TB. Furthermore, IFN-α, IL-1α, IFN-γ, sCD40L, MMP-2, MMP-9 and IFN-α2 are the most reliable biosignature for the diagnosis of smear-negative TB. Neutrophil-driven IFN types 1 and 2 have the ability to monitor treatment course and predict prognosis since the INF levels reduce with effective treatment. Transthyretin, neopterin and C-reactive protein signature can be used to detect immune response to TB infection, prognosis and monitoring treatment course since the biomarkers levels decrease with a decrease in disease activity. IL-17 and Th-17 are crucial for vaccine-mediated protection against tuberculosis. Encouraging the elucidation, adoption and integration of biomarker-based technology into healthcare systems can facilitate individual and public health gain, as well as saving on tuberculosis-associated economic loss.
Risk Factors of the Severity of COVID-19 Infection in Infants
Authors: Mirnia Kayvan , Saeedi Maryam , Sangsari Razieh , Ghasemi Tehrani Shadi , Rostami Sepideh
Published: November 2024

Background: The global COVID-19 crisis has profoundly affected populations worldwide. While it is widely accepted that older individuals are at greater risk of severe illness, data indicate that in newborns and infants, the disease is generally not fatal. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the roles of laboratory tests and clinical symptoms in determining the severity of COVID-19 infection in infants younger than three months. Methods: This study included all infants less than three months old with positive PCR tests for COVID-19 admitted to the Children's Medical Center between October 2020 and March 2022. We analyzed the association between disease severity and clinical symptoms, as well as laboratory findings. Results: Sixty-four neonates and infants under three months of age with COVID-19 participated in the study. Our findings suggest that lower birth weight and gestational age are associated with increased disease severity. Infants with underlying medical conditions were found to have a higher risk of reaching stage IIb or greater severity. Among laboratory and clinical findings, only white blood cell (WBC) count and cough symptoms showed a significant correlation with disease severity. Conclusions: Clinical evaluations, along with factors such as birth weight, gestational age, and underlying conditions, appear more effective in guiding decision-making for COVID-19 severity in infants. Further studies are necessary to explore the influence of these factors on COVID-19 severity in this age group.
A Case Report of a New Variant Associated with Vici Syndrome in a Turkish Infant; EPG5 Frameshift Variant
Authors: Ipek Rojan , Eser Çavdartepe Büşra , Hazar Leyla
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Vici syndrome is a congenital multisystem disorder characterized primarily by callosal agenesis, cataracts, cardiomyopathy, combined immunodeficiency, and oculocutaneous hypopigmentation, along with additional newly recognized findings. Autosomal recessive variants in the EPG5 gene, which encodes ectopic P-granules autophagy protein 5 (EPG5), a key regulator of autophagy, are known genetic causes of this syndrome. The aim of this case report is to present a novel disease-causing variant identified through EPG5 gene sequence analysis. Case Presentation: We report on a 2-month-old Turkish girl who presented with developmental delay, bilateral congenital cataracts, microcephaly, hypotonia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypopigmented skin lesions, and agenesis of the corpus callosum. Genetic analysis revealed a homozygous c.7504delC (p.Gln2502Argfs*4) frameshift variant in the EPG5 gene, which has not been previously documented. Conclusions: Adding a new variant to the literature is crucial, as it highlights the feasibility of reaching an accurate diagnosis through well-conducted physical examination findings in patients with early developmental delay. This case also raises awareness about such rare diseases. Moreover, recognizing new mutations is critical for understanding atypical findings, prognosis, treatment responses, and the genetic risks for other family members.
Unmasking the Global Journey: Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Interest Across Various Regions Through Whole-Genome and Phylogenetic Analysis
Authors: Surendran Yocyny , Vityashri Parameswaran , Binti Juhari Nazwin Shahirah , Thilakavathy Karuppiah , Chenglong Xiong , Joseph Narcisse
Published: November 2024

Background: The prolonged course of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the virus's high mutation rate have sparked widespread interest in studying Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Research has shown that SARS-CoV-2 has evolved into numerous variants since its discovery. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the differences in SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Interest (VOI) and Variants of Concern (VOC) from different geographical regions through phylogenetic analysis and mutational analysis. Methods: A total of 700 SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequences were retrieved from the GISAID database from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021. These sequences were aligned with the reference sequence (NC_045512) using Clustal Omega version 1.2.4. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the IQ-TREE web server and visualized using ItoL. Results: The results revealed a fully resolved maximum likelihood tree with statistical support based on bootstrap values. The analysis demonstrated that Delta variant sequences clustered separately from other VOIs, VOCs, and outgroups. The shorter topology of the Delta variant showed that Africa branched away, similar to the Lambda and Gamma variants. Additionally, structural analysis identified three primarily uniform clusters in Europe, North America, and South America, which corresponded to the sister relationships observed in Clades 1, 2, and 7 topologies. These evolutionary trees were later linked to mutations in the spike, nucleocapsid, and nsp3 proteins, which displayed a high number of mutations. Conclusions: This study provides new insights into the evolving mutations of SARS-CoV-2 VOIs and VOCs across different regions of the world, contributing to our understanding of viral pathogenicity.
Effect of Digital-Based Cognitive Rehabilitation on Executive Functions in Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Haidarian Milad , Pourmohamadreza-Tajrishi Masoume , Nejati Vahid , Vahedi Mohsen
Published: November 2024

Background: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in executive functions. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of digital-based cognitive rehabilitation (DBCR) on executive functions, behavioral regulation, and metacognition in children with ADHD. Methods: A total of thirty male participants, aged 6 - 12 years, who met predetermined inclusion criteria, were selected through a random sampling method. Their parents completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) to assess executive functions. The children were divided into experimental and control groups, with the experimental group undergoing 10 DBCR sessions, while the control group participated in generic computer game sessions. Parents completed the BRIEF after the intervention and again five weeks later. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25. Results: Following DBCR, significant improvements were observed in the total score of executive functions and the Metacognition Index (MI) in children with ADHD. The effect sizes for DBCR on the Global Executive Composite (GEC) and MI were 47% and 37%, respectively, while the effect size for the intervention targeting the Behavior Regulation Index (BRI) was approximately 11%. Conclusions: The study suggests that DBCR positively impacts the GEC and MI in children with ADHD, potentially preventing deficits in these areas. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of DBCR on the BRI in children with ADHD.
The Impact of Peer Relationships, Moral Development, and Family Relationships on Collective Violence with the Mediating Role of Psychological Security
Authors: Bayat Mokhtari Leila , Tavan Abbas , Sanjari Shahrzad , Mohammadi Soliemani Mohammad Reza , Salajegheh Azita
Published: November 2024

Background: Collective violence is a significant global and national social and health issue, particularly in Iran. Objectives: This study investigated the impact of peer relationships, moral development, and family relationships on collective violence, with the mediating role of psychological security, among male high school students in Mashhad. Methods: This correlational study involved a statistical population of all male high school students in Mashhad, with a sample size of 1,300 selected through cluster sampling. The tools used included multidimensional questionnaires: The Multidimensional Peer Acceptance of Collective Violence (MPACV) scale, the Moral Development Questionnaire (MDQ), Fine's Parent-Child Relationship Questionnaire (FP-CRQ), the adolescent peer relations instrument (APRI), and Maslow's Psychological Security Questionnaire (MPSQ). Data were collected between November 2023 and January 2024 and analyzed using SPSS18 and LISREL8.8 software. Path analysis was conducted to explore the relationships between variables. Results: The findings revealed that moral development has a negative and significant impact on collective violence (standard coefficient -0.16, significance coefficient -2.45). Additionally, the father-child relationship (standard coefficient -0.59, significance coefficient -8.98) and the mother-child relationship (standard coefficient -0.46, significance coefficient -7.06) negatively and significantly affect collective violence. In contrast, peer relationships positively and significantly influence collective violence (standard coefficient 0.24, significance coefficient 3.70). Psychological security plays a crucial mediating role: Moral development (standard coefficient 0.41, significance coefficient 6.21), the father-child relationship (standard coefficient 0.54, significance coefficient 8.24), and the mother-child relationship (standard coefficient 0.50, significance coefficient 7.65) positively and significantly affect psychological security, which in turn reduces collective violence (standard coefficient -0.24, significance coefficient -3.70). However, peer relationships negatively impact psychological security (standard coefficient -0.53, significance coefficient -8.06), contributing to increased collective violence. Conclusion: Enhancing moral development and strengthening family relationships can significantly reduce collective violence among students by improving their psychological security.
Compétences plurilingues : perspectives et actions / Plurilingual competencies: perspectives and actions
Authors: Sheeren Hugues , Döderlein Sebastian , Bertrand Juliane , de Azevedo Veronika , Červenková Marie , Ševečková Monika , Převrátilová Silvie , Merlo Jonathan-Olivier , Pauvert Rodolphe , Tea Elena , Alchazidu Athena , Krahula Linda , Müllerová Kateřina
Published: November 2024

The aim of this volume is to highlight the reflections of teachers and researchers from a wide variety of backgrounds on their teaching practices that promote the development of plurilingual skills (whether these stem from specific contexts or are part of larger-scale interuniversity projects). Plurilingualism, intercomprehension, awareness of other languages, pedagogical innovation, the role of teachers and learners, autonomy and motivation are the key concepts that emerge from their contributions, and which form the common thread running through the volume.
Analýza vybraných sociálních problémů z perspektivy studujících sociální pedagogiky
Authors: Kolaříková Veronika , Hrabcová Žaneta , Blažková Eliška , Langerová Zuzana , Miklánková Natálie , Novák Ivo , Dobeš Vojtěch , Ledvinka Šimon
Published: November 2024

The publication aimed to present inspiring analytical views of individual authors on important topics of contemporary society, viewed from the perspective of the discipline of Social Pedagogy. The link between the interpretations is the formulation of social problems associated with the educational approaches of Social Pedagogy. The format of the chapters is based on the rules of academic writing. The central point in the formulation of the social problem is the presentation and defence of the thesis.
Simulando un proceso judicial: cuando lo analógico prevalece
Authors: Lizundia Uranga Iñigo , Azcona Leire
Published: November 2024

The participation of an architect in a judicial process is hardly treated in architecture schools. In many cases, these processes culminate with an oral hearing in which judges, lawyers, attorneys, experts, plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses and other agents represent, like in a play, their different roles. The exercise presented in this paper, first proposed three years ago and which has been evolving both in its wording and in its materialization, aims to rehearse all those analogical skills that an architect must show before such an imposing stage and totally distant from the digital world as a courtroom. Based on a hypothetical lawsuit for property damage, two preparatory sessions are planned prior to the third and final session: the oral hearing. This is the activity most highly valued by students in the anonymous surveys conducted at the end of the course.

La participación de un arquitecto/a en un proceso judicial apenas es tratada en las escuelas de arquitectura. En muchos casos, dichos procesos culminan con una vista oral en la que jueces, letrados/as, procuradores, peritos, partes demandantes y demandadas, testigos y otros agentes van representando, a semejanza de una obra teatral, sus diferentes roles. El ejercicio presentado en esta comunicación, propuesto por primera vez hace tres cursos y que ha ido evolucionando tanto en su enunciado como en su materialización, pretende ensayar todas esas habilidades analógicas que un arquitecto/a debe mostrar ante un escenario tan imponente y alejado totalmente del mundo digital como es una sala de juicios. Partiendo de una hipotética demanda por daños materiales, se plantean dos sesiones preparatorias previas a la tercera y última sesión: la vista oral. Se trata de la actividad más valorada por el alumnado en las encuestas anónimas realizadas a la finalización del curso.
Proyecto Virtual y Analógico de rehabilitación de Siedlungen 1950-70 en Mainz, Alemania
Authors: Pelegrín-Rodríguez Marta , Pérez Blanco Fernando
Published: November 2024

The article summarizes and evaluates the results of the teaching program developed during three semesters with architecture students in the integration of design tools, both digital and analogue, in an experimental social housing rehabilitation project applied to case studies in Mainz, Germany. The academical objective is to integrate virtual and analogue tools in the parallel development of the architectural project and energy rehabilitation, developed at the last subject of the Bachelor's degree, and in its subsequent extension in the Master's degree. The methodology supports the contribution in each project phase (analysis, development, calculation and exhibition or transfer) of digital and analogue training, together with specialised teaching input. In conclusion, it is shown how the students adjust digital and virtual tools at each stage to the project, its abstraction level and communication capacity, and are trained in how to integrate the technological and analogue possibilities in a real case study.

El artículo resume y evalúa los resultados de la docencia desarrollada durante tres semestres con estudiantes de arquitectura respecto a la integración de herramientas proyectuales, tanto digitales como analógicas en el proyecto experimental de rehabilitación de vivienda social aplicado a casos de estudio de Maguncia, Alemania. El objetivo docente es integrar las herramientas virtuales y analógicas en el desarrollo paralelo de proyectos de reconfiguración espacial y rehabilitación energética, en la última asignatura del Grado (Bachelor), y en su consecuente ampliación en Master. El método es la aportación en cada fase de proyecto (análisis, desarrollo, cálculo y exposición o transferencia) de formación en manejo de herramientas digitales y analógicas, conjuntamente con inputs de docencia especializada. El resultado muestra cómo el estudiantado ajusta en cada etapa, herramientas digitales y virtuales adecuadas al alcance, nivel de abstracción y capacidad de comunicación o mediación; y se desarrolla la formación en proyectos arquitectónicos para la integración de herramientas e información tecnológicas y analógicas a través de un caso a estudio real.
El espacio del cuerpo / el cuerpo del espacio: experiencias físicas y digitales y viceversa
Authors: Ramos Jular Jorge , Rizzi Valentina
Published: November 2024

The proposal aims to showcase the experiences, results and knowledge acquired in two workshops generically entitled ‘The Space of the Body / The Body of Space’. Both workshops, held in Venice in July 2022 and in Rome in September 2023 respectively, with a duration of one full week each, were organised in collaboration with two Italian universities, the Università IUAV di Venezia and the Sapienza Università di Roma, together with the Recognised Research Group of the University of Valladolid ‘ESPACIar’. Furthermore, these teaching experiences are part of the training programme included in a national research project whose name ‘Digitalstage’ itself illustrates its objectives on the study of the new spatialities of the new multimedia media and their relationship with the architectural space.

La propuesta pretende mostrar las experiencias, resultados y conocimientos adquiridos en sendos talleres docentes titulados de manera genérica ‘El espacio del cuerpo / El cuerpo del espacio’. Ambos talleres, llevados a cabo en Venecia en  julio de 2022 y en Roma en septiembre de 2023 respectivamente, con una duración de una semana completa cada uno de ellos, estaban organizados en colaboración por sendas universidades italianas, la Università IUAV di Venezia y la Sapienza Università di Roma, juanto al Grupo de Investigación Reconocido de la Universidad de Valladolid ‘ESPACIar’. Además, estas experiencias docentes se enmarcan bajo el programa formativo incluido en un proyecto de investigación nacional cuya denominación como ‘Digitalstage’  ilustra en sí misma los objetivos del mismo sobre el estudio de las nuevas espacialidades propias de los nuevos medios multimedia y su relación con el espacio arquitectónico.
De la imagen al prompt, y viceversa: IA aplicada a la Historia del Arte y la Arquitectura
Authors: Minguito Ana Patricia , Prieto Eduardo
Published: November 2024

The Research Seminar in Art and Architecture History on Artificial Intelligence (SIHA-IA) aims to break down the barrier between analog and digital, fostering the development of critical skills and knowledge in university students. By working on the concepts of prompt, reference image, negative prompt and visual clipping in relation to the infrastructure of AI itself, it is possible to understand the close relationship between word-image in the historical trajectory. Through a methodology of four practical exercises —simulacrum, falsification, restitution and exquisite corpse— we delve into the presence of this concordance in three disciplines studied in the course: painting, sculpture and architecture. As a result of the reflections by professors and students derived from the activity, an “imaginary museum” of this incipient rapprochement between AI and art and architecture is built.

El Seminario de Investigación en Historia del Arte y la Arquitectura sobre Inteligencia Artificial (SIHA-IA) tiene como objetivo romper la barrera entre lo analógico y digital, fomentando el desarrollo de competencias críticas y de conocimiento en el estudiante universitario. Trabajando los conceptos de prompt, imagen de referencia, negative prompt y recorte visual relativos a la infraestructura de la propia IA, se logra comprender la estrecha relación que existe entre palabra-imagen en la trayectoria histórica. A través de una metodología de cuatro ejercicios prácticos —simulacro, falsificación, restitución y cadáver exquisito—, se ahonda en la presencia de esta concordancia en las tres disciplinas estudiadas en la asignatura: pintura, escultura y arquitectura. Como resultado de las reflexiones entre profesorado y estudiantes derivadas de la actividad, se construye un “museo imaginario” de ese incipiente acercamiento entre la IA y el Arte y la Arquitectura desde la perspectiva docente.
Del paradigma mecánico al digital: diseño de prototipos desplegables
Authors: Peña Fernández Serrano Martino
Published: November 2024

The transition from the so-called mechanical paradigm to the digital paradigm is analysed by means of international workshops. During one week, prototypes are designed by students who have been taught a series of methodologies beforehand. The paper analyses the processes, using analogue and digital media, according to the formats of the different workshops presented, to determine that the digital paradigm allows the production of unique prototypes as opposed to the mechanical paradigm that produces mass-produced products. To this end, it is necessary to define parameters that help to relate and compare the artefacts generated with different systems and to establish symmetries between them

A partir de la realización de seminarios con el formato conocido como Workshop, se analiza la transición del modelo denominado paradigma mecánico al paradigma digital. Se utiliza la experiencia acumulada en numerosos talleres internacionales para validar el nuevo paradigma digital. Durante una semana se diseñan prototipos concebidos por alumnos a los que se les ha enseñado una serie de metodologías con anterioridad. En el documento se analizan los procesos, utilizando medios analógicos y digitales, según los formatos de los diferentes workshops que se presentan, para determinar que el paradigma digital permite producir prototipos únicos a diferencia del paradigma mecánico que realiza productos en serie. Para ello es necesario definir parámetros que ayuden a relacionar y comparar los artefactos generados con diferentes sistemas y poder establecer simetrías entre ellos.
Pedagogías socialmente situadas en Arquitectura. Un repositorio de métodos y herramientas
Authors: Vargas-Díaz Ingrid , Cimadomo Guido , Jiménez-Morales Eduardo
Published: November 2024

Teaching in Schools of Architecture must adapt to the demands of the 21st century, connecting the teaching of this discipline with the physical, economic and social reality of our contemporaneity. The European project ‘Socially Situated Architectural Pedagogies’ (SArPe) investigates which analogue pedagogical tools facilitate this connection without losing their situated orientation after adaptation to the digital environment. To this end, the project develops an open repository of socially situated pedagogical methods and tools in Architecture.

La docencia en las Escuelas de Arquitectura precisa adaptarse a las exigencias del siglo XXI, conectando la enseñanza de la disciplina con la realidad física, económica y social de nuestra contemporaneidad. El proyecto europeo “Socially Situated Architectural Pedagogies” (SArPe) investiga cuáles herramientas pedagógicas analógicas facilitan esta imbricación sin perder su orientación situada tras su adaptación al entorno digital. Para ello el proyecto elabora un repositorio abierto de métodos y herramientas pedagógicas socialmente situadas en Arquitectura.
Taller de Arquitectos de la comunidad rural: integrando lo virtual y lo analógico
Authors: de Manuel Jerez Esteban , LopezDeAsiain Maria , Donadei Marta , Bravo Bernal Ana María
Published: November 2024

The lack of adequate and affordable housing is one of the barriers to retaining and attracting population in rural municipalities in a situation of demographic challenge. It is difficult for the population of these municipalities to access the services of architects. On the other hand, architecture schools do not pay special attention to the specificities of contemporary intervention in popular architecture or to training in participatory design methodologies that allow reaching adequate and agreed solutions. The Learning and Service project “Architects of the Rural Community” has allowed architecture students to have an early experience of working with real clients while providing technical assistance to the community by combining in-person and virtual, analog and digital work. The evaluation of the experience allows us to conclude that these types of initiatives have great pedagogical and service potential for the rural community.

En los municipios rurales en situación de reto demográfico la falta de vivienda adecuada y asequible es una de las barreras para retener y atraer población. A la población de estos municipios les resulta difícil acceder a los servicios de los arquitectos. Por otra parte, las escuelas de arquitectura no prestan especial atención a las especificidades de la intervención contemporánea en arquitectura popular ni a la formación en metodologías de diseño participativo que permitan llegar a soluciones adecuadas y acordadas. El proyecto de Aprendizaje y Servicio “Arquitectos de la Comunidad Rural” ha permitido a estudiantes de arquitectura tener una temprana experiencia de trabajo con clientes reales al tiempo que se aporta asistencia técnica a la comunidad combinando trabajo presencial y virtual, analógico y digital. La evaluación de la experiencia nos permite concluir que este tipo de iniciativas tienen un gran potencial pedagógico y de servicio a la comunidad rural.
El cuaderno de campo analógico en convivencia con el entorno digital en el aprendizaje de diseño
Authors: Aguilar Alejandre María , Fernández Rodríguez Juan Francisco , Martín Mariscal Amanda
Published: November 2024

This communication presents the teaching experience developed in the Degree of Engineering in Industrial Design and Product Development. It consists of the creation of a field notebook for three goals: the registration of the project process, the development of perception and a freely use of this tool by the students, an approach that could be common to certain areas of architectural teaching. Specifically, this work delves into this activity proposed in an analogical format but that receives incursions from the digital field. This lead the teaching team to question the convenience of expanding the field notebook to a digital format. To this end, a series of previous research tasks are proposed that raise questions of interest about the consideration that students, teachers and professionals in the sector have regarding this possible change of format.

Esta comunicación presenta la experiencia docente desarrollada en el Grado de Ingeniería en Diseño Industrial y Desarrollo del Producto consistente en la realización de un cuaderno de campo para el registro del proceso proyectual, el desarrollo de la percepción y la utilización de esta herramienta de forma libre por parte de los estudiantes, un planteamiento que podría ser común a determinados ámbitos de la docencia arquitectónica. Concretamente, este trabajo ahonda en la razón de ser de esta actividad planteada con carácter analógico pero que recibe incursiones del ámbito digital las cuales derivan en el cuestionamiento por parte del equipo docente de la conveniencia de una ampliación del cuaderno de campo al formato digital. Para ello se plantean una serie de tareas de investigación previas que arrojan cuestiones de interés sobre la consideración que estudiantes, docentes y profesionales del sector tiene al respecto de este posible cambio de formato.
Retos en la creación de contextos educativos digitales desde una perspectiva de género
Authors: Alba Dorado María Isabel , Palomares Alarcón Sheila
Published: November 2024

The incorporation of the gender perspective in architectural teaching has occurred late. This has led to situations of inequality in the teaching and research field, but also to an androcentric vision of our discipline. As a consequence, it is necessary to carry out a review at all levels of teaching. In this task, digital technologies are particularly receptive to gender-sensitive pedagogy. This contribution aims to explore the main challenges that teaching faces in the creation of inclusive digital educational contexts and addresses the definition of measures that promote gender equity. As a result, the importance of training teachers in the use of digital tools with a gender perspective is highlighted, but also of reviewing the teaching-learning methods of architecture from the values ​​provided by the reading of gender.

La incorporación de la perspectiva de género en la docencia en arquitectura se ha producido de una forma tardía. Esto ha dado lugar a situaciones de desigualdad en el ámbito docente e investigador, pero también a una visión androcéntrica de nuestra disciplina. Como consecuencia, es necesario realizar una revisión en todos los niveles de la docencia. En esta labor, las tecnologías digitales se muestran particularmente receptivas a una pedagogía sensible al género. La presente aportación tiene como objetivo explorar los principales retos a los que la docencia se enfrenta en la creación de contextos educativos digitales inclusivos y aborda la definición de medidas que potencien la equidad de género. Como resultado se resalta la importancia de formar al profesorado en el uso de herramientas digitales con perspectiva de género, pero también de revisar los modos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la arquitectura desde los valores que aporta la lectura del género.
Tocando la arquitectura: experiencia y dibujo análogo como herramienta de proyectación en arquitectura
Authors: Estrada Gil Ana María , López Chalarca Diego , Suárez Velásquez Ana Mercedes , Aguirre Gómez Karol
Published: November 2024

The research The State of the Question in Architecture Education explores two central issues. The first concerns the experience as a tool for learning how to design, with an emphasis on analog drawing, particularly in the first course of future architects' training. The second focuses on students' perceptions of this tool as the central element of the proposed methodology. During the literature review, as well as in the implementation of the Proyectos 1 course “Loadbearing wall domestic architecture” taught by the authors, the impact of hand drawing and model-making is analyzed as ideal instruments for the thinking process process. Conversations with students delve into their experience and perception of these pedagogical tools. The question of the relationship between the student's perception and the teacher's intent is the main inquiry that motivates this text.

La investigación "El estado de la cuestión en la enseñanza de la arquitectura" explora dos temas principales: el uso de la experiencia como herramienta para aprender a proyectar, con énfasis en el dibujo a mano, especialmente en el primer curso de formación de arquitectos, y la percepción de los estudiantes respecto a esta metodología. A través de una revisión bibliográfica y del curso "Proyectos 1: Arquitectura doméstica muraria", los autores analizan el impacto del dibujo manual y la construcción de maquetas como herramientas clave en el pensamiento proyectual. Las conversaciones con estudiantes investigan sus experiencias y percepciones sobre estas técnicas pedagógicas. El artículo se centra en la relación entre la percepción estudiantil y la intención docente, interrogante que motiva el estudio.