bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping Knowledge Landscapes and Emerging Trends in AI for Dementia Biomarkers: Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis
Authors: Qi Wenhao , Zhu Xiaohong , He Danni , Wang Bin , Cao Shihua , Dong Chaoqun , Li Yunhua , Chen Yanfei , Wang Bingsheng , Shi Yankai , Jiang Guowei , Liu Fang , Boots Lizzy M M , Li Jiaqi , Lou Xiajing , Yao Jiani , Lu Xiaodong , Kang Junling
Published: August 2024

Background

With the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of dementia biomarker research, exploring its current developmental trends and research focuses has become increasingly important. This study, using literature data mining, analyzes and assesses the key contributions and development scale of AI in dementia biomarker research.

Objective

The aim of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the current state, hot topics, and future trends of AI in dementia biomarker research globally.

Methods

This study thoroughly analyzed the literature in the application of AI to dementia biomarkers across various dimensions, such as publication volume, authors, institutions, journals, and countries, based on the Web of Science Core Collection. In addition, scales, trends, and potential connections between AI and biomarkers were extracted and deeply analyzed through multiple expert panels.

Results

To date, the field includes 1070 publications across 362 journals, involving 74 countries and 1793 major research institutions, with a total of 6455 researchers. Notably, 69.41% (994/1432) of the researchers ceased their studies before 2019. The most prevalent algorithms used are support vector machines, random forests, and neural networks. Current research frequently focuses on biomarkers such as imaging biomarkers, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, genetic biomarkers, and blood biomarkers. Recent advances have highlighted significant discoveries in biomarkers related to imaging, genetics, and blood, with growth in studies on digital and ophthalmic biomarkers.

Conclusions

The field is currently in a phase of stable development, receiving widespread attention from numerous countries, institutions, and researchers worldwide. Despite this, stable clusters of collaborative research have yet to be established, and there is a pressing need to enhance interdisciplinary collaboration. Algorithm development has shown prominence, especially the application of support vector machines and neural networks in imaging studies. Looking forward, newly discovered biomarkers are expected to undergo further validation, and new types, such as digital biomarkers, will garner increased research interest and attention.
Does a complex prompt alter the diagnostic accuracy of common ophthalmological conditions by GPT-4? : Data Project (Preprint)
Authors: M'gadzah Shona Alex Tapiwa , O'Malley Andrew
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

The global incidence of blindness has continued to increase, despite the enactment of a Global Eye Health Action Plan by the World Health Assembly. This can be attributed, in part to an aging population, but also to the limited diagnostic resources within lower and middle income countries (LMICs). The advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) within healthcare could pose a novel solution to combating the prevalence of blindness globally.

OBJECTIVE

The study aimed to establish if a complex prompt altered the diagnostic accuracy of common ophthalmological conditions by GPT-4 and quantify potential differences in performance.

METHODS

Two AI models (gpt-4-0125-preview and an altered version of the Alan super prompt running on gpt-4-0125-preview) were instructed to diagnose the condition present in 12 clinical vignettes. The vignettes comprised of five prevalent adult conditions, five prevalent childhood conditions and two control cases – one adult orientated and one child orientated. Through prompt engineering, the AI models were “forced” to solely provide the name of the diagnosis. Each vignette was presented to each model 100 times.
The data then underwent statistical analysis. A Chi-Square Test of Independence compared the total true positives of the all the conditions between the two models. Additionally, statistical screening metrics– sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) – were used to determined accuracy of each model.

RESULTS

There was a significant difference between the AI models when analysing the total number of true positives for the conditions investigated (X2=428.86 and P=9.446e-87). The altered Alan super prompt performed at an increased rate for all conditions except retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) when compared to gpt-4-0125-preview.

CONCLUSIONS

The study established that overall, the inclusion of a complex prompt positively affected the diagnostic accuracy of gpt-4-0125-preview. The greatest difference in the performance of the models was observable in conditions more prominent in LMICs. The results highlighted the potential impact that Alan could have on healthcare systems within LMICs as an augmentation of the medical diagnostic process. Although additional refinement is required to the altered Alan super prompt, the implementation of AI applications in healthcare systems within LMICs could improve patient outcomes in these regions.
Assessment of the quality of vaccination data in the centre region health districts of Cameroon: protocol for cross-sectional descriptive study with multivariate logistic regression model (Preprint)
Authors: Djuidje Ngounoue Marceline , Elong Jules , Ntsobe Yanne Emmanuel , Ekorong Eric , Ngo Lipoga Marie Andre , Nguefack-Tsague Georges
Published: August 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

The Immunization Agenda 2030 strategy is guided by four core principles. People-centered: the strategy is tailored to the specific needs, breaking down barriers; Country-owned: progress is initiated locally, with countries setting context-specific targets; Partnership-based: partners coordinate efforts and involve sectors beyond immunization; Data-guided: high-quality data shapes decision-making at all levels.
Cameroon has a national vaccination programme, the expanded programme on immunisation (EPI) to protect its population, especially children, against vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). The programme includes key vaccines for polio, measles, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and hepatitis B, and aims to improve access and utilization, particularly in remote areas. Challenges such as incomplete recording, inadequate infrastructures notably poor connectivity, data integrity issues (Inaccuracies, duplications, and reporting errors ), and capacity constraints might lead to poor data quality leading to missed opportunities.
Obviously, data play a crucial role in driving informed decision-making and effective implementation of immunization programmes. The present study, thus aims to evaluate the quality of vaccination data in the Yaoundé and Health districts, Centre region of Cameroon. The WHO data self-quality assessment (DSQ) tool will be used to assess especially the data timeliness, accuracy, and completeness as proceeded by the vaccination staff in 2023-2024. Vaccination staff practices will be observed, and a few policymakers will also be interviewed to gain insights into the effectiveness, coverage, and challenges of the vaccination programme in Cameroon. This study is expected to yield outcomes such as assessing the current state of EPI data quality, identifying factors influencing data quality, formulating recommendations to enhance data quality, preparing a comprehensive report, disseminating findings to stakeholders, contributing to existing literature, and ultimately enhancing vaccination data quality in the Centre region, Cameroon.
Multimodal web-based telerehabilitation for patients with post COVID-19 condition (Mainz PCC TeR Study): Study protocol of a randomized controlled clinical trial (Preprint)
Authors: Tomaskovic Aleksandar , Weber Vincent , Ochmann David T. , Neuberger Elmo Wanja Immanuel , Lachtermann Ella , Brahmer Alexandra , Haller Nils , Hillen Barlo , Enders Kira , Eggert Viktoria Louise , Zeier Peter , Lieb Klaus , Simon Perikles
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Patients affected by post COVID-19 condition have long-term and health-related consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, manifesting as persistent fatigue, dyspnea/hyperventilation, limitations in daily activities, cognitive impairment and mental disorders. Consequences exceed individual health, impacting social systems and the economy. Existing evidence indicates that exercise and respiratory therapy based telerehabilitation has the potential to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and hyperventilation and reduce care costs.

OBJECTIVE

The primary objective of this randomized, controlled clinical trial is to investigate the superiority of our multimodal, web-based telerehabilitation program compared to treatment as usual in terms of cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak [ml/min/kg]) and hyperventilation (VE/VCO2 slope [full-slope]) in severely affected post COVID-19 patients. In addition, the clinical and exercise physiological processes associated with the post COVID-19 condition will be investigated.

METHODS

We designed a waiting list randomized controlled clinical trial with three examination time points and two study phases. Following baseline assessment, patients will be randomly allocated to either the intervention group (IG) or the control group (CG). During the intervention phase (8 weeks), all IG participants receive web-based multimodal and symptom-titrated telerehabilitation program that includes weekly teleconsultations, a pacing approach, exercise and respiratory therapy, while the CG receives treatment as usual (sports medicine consultation about healthy habits and the pacing approach: self-directed management of symptoms and activities). After the primary assessment in the follow-up phase (8 weeks), the IG continued their training but without teleconsultation self-directed, while the CG received the same intervention as the IG followed by follow-up assessment.

RESULTS

Recruitment started in August 2023. It is estimated that the recruitment period will be 12 months. Data collection is planned to be completed in 2024.

CONCLUSIONS

This study is the first randomized controlled clinical trial investigating the effects of a multimodal and symptom-titrated TeR in severely affected PCC patients. The integration of various objective diagnostic systems to analyze clinical and exercise physiological processes associated with post COVID-19 condition will provide valuable insights into emerging postviral fatigue syndrome.

CLINICALTRIAL

https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00032394. Registered 28 July 2023 prospectively registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS).
Corporate Social Responcibility PT. Astra Internasional Mewujudkan Ketahanan Sosial Melalui Program Wisata Tiga Agama Kota Tua Jamblang Kabupaten Cirebon Provinsi Jawa Barat
Authors: Chamidah Nurul
Published: August 2024

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali potensi dari kawasan Jamblang melalui program corporate social responsibility PT. Astra Internasional sebagai program pemberdayaan masyarakat bidang desa wisata. Titik utama pengembangan melalui modal sosial masyarakat serta analisis atas penilaian destinasi Kota Tua Jamblang. Jamblang memiliki destinasi yang tidak dimiliki di tempat lain yaitu kerukunan umat beragama sebagai atraksi utama. Kawasan Jamblang menampilkan tiga agama yakni Islam, Kristen dan Kong Hu Chu dan desain arsitektur tiga etnis. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang menitikberatkan peneliti sebagai instrument utama. Pengumpulan data berupa observasi partisipan yang berarti peneliti ikut masuk dan terlibat dalam semua kegiatan mulai dari tahun 2018 hingga 2023, studi literatur diperoleh dari literatur tutur budayawan serta dokumen dan wawancara dengan manajer Environment Social Responcibility PT. Astra Internasional, Presiden Direktur Grow Up Institute, Kepala Desa Jamblang dan aktor penggerak desa wisata Kota Tua Jamblang. Ketahanan sosial berupaya menjadikan permasalahan menjadi peluang serta kebermanfaatan dirasakan oleh masyarakat. Rangkaian sejarah dan peninggalan bangunan tua menjadi modal bagi masyarakat sebagai destinasi wisata dengan konsep wisata edukasi. Corporate Sosial Responcibility PT. Astra Internasional melalui Desa Sejahtera Astra (DSA) melakukan program pendampingan berupa desa wisata dengan tema Kota Tua Jamblang. Grow Up Institute selaku fasilitator pelaksana di lapangan  menjadikan ketahanan sosial yang didasari penghormatan ritual para pemeluk agama serta konten mural sebagai atraksi wisata bertema budaya, nasionalisme dan kepedulian lingkungan.  Upaya yang dilakukan meliputi tiga tahap program yakni membuat konsep dasar pengembangan Kota Tua Jamblang pada kerukunan umat beragama, nasionalisme dan lingkungan; Inklusi, pendampingan pada aktor masyarakat guna menumbuhkan kesadaran dan kemauan untuk peduli pada lingkungan tempat tinggal serta menjadi peluang wisata; Stimulus dilakukan dengan melakukan rekayasa wisata setiap akhir pekan dengan menampilkan seni dan budaya lokal;  dan tujuan utama adalah kemandirian masyarakat dalam upaya menjadikan Jamblang sebagai laboratorium sosial budaya kerukunan umat beragama.
Peran Negara G20 dalam Percepatan Transisi Energi Baru Terbarukan (EBT) untuk Mewujudkan Ketahanan Energi Nasional
Authors: Rizky Lucitania , Pratiwi Tiffany Setyo , Wibawa Adi , Achdiyana Isna
Published: August 2024

ASBTRACT This research discussed international influences, especially G20 member countries in accelerating the national energy transition to realizing national energy resilience, according to the mandate of the established rules. The approach used in this study is an intermestic model approach which provides a pattern of the influence of international interests and global ideas in mapping the domestic political agenda, namely the energy transition as a priority issue.  The research method used is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques and in-depth interviews with the Directorate General of Multilateral Cooperation, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia.The results of the study show that the acceleration of the Net Zero Emission (NZE) 2060 Roadmap is related to the intermestic idea that international support and assistance patterns have an impact on national energy resilence.
Peningkatan Implementasi Tri Hita Karana Pada Keberlanjutan Pengelolaan Penyediaan Air Minum Perdesaan di Kabupaten Buleleng
Authors: Kerta Arsana I Gusti Ngurah , Yekti Mawiti Infantri , Astiti Sagung Putri Chandra
Published: August 2024

Rural drinking water management in Buleleng Regency is served by rural drinking water supply (PAM Des) and community-based drinking water supply (pamsimas). The local wisdom of Tri Hita Karana (THK) as a sustainability concept is also applied in the management of drinking water supply systems through a participatory approach.The method used to analyze the sustainability index for PAM Des management uses the Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) method. Multi Dimensional Scaling also analyzes lever factors that are sensitive to sustainability.The results of the analysis using Rap analysis show that the sustainability index value for the ecological dimension is 70.11%, the economic dimension is 46.00%, the socio-cultural dimension is 50.65%, the technological dimension is 46.89% and the institutional dimension is 49.74%. The sustainability index value for the ecological and socio-cultural dimensions with a value above 50% is quite sustainable. The sustainability index value of the economic, technological and institutional dimensions of rural drinking water supply management is less sustainable.The leverage factors obtained from the analysis of 5 (five) dimensions of sustainability are 19 factors. Leveraging factor attributes in the ecological and socio-cultural dimensions are maintained and improved through the Tri Hita Karana implementation strategy. Improving the Tri Hita Karana implementation strategy in the economic, technological and institutional dimensions must be carried out by improving, upgrading the PAM Des infrastructure and also regulations that strengthen the management of PAM Des.
Peran Intelijen dalam Assessment dan Evaluasi Program Deradikalisasi
Authors: Irawan Dian Dwi
Published: August 2024

Kasus residivis terorisme menunjukkan adanya celah dalam pelaksanaan program deradikalisasi di Indonesia, salah satunya pada tahap assessment. Tahap tersebut perlu melibatkan berbagai pihak, karena assessment yang dilakukan terhadap kelompok teroris harus secara mendalam. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang peranan intelijen dalam assessment dan evaluasi pada program deradikalisasi. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Peneliti mengklasifikasikan narapidana dan mantan narapidana terorisme berdasarkan respon terhadap program deradikalisasi untuk menentukan prioritas bagi intelijen dalam mendukung assessment. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer berupa catatan hasil observasi dan wawancara mendalam terhadap tujuh mantan narapidana terorisme. Selain itu, peneliti menggunakan data sekunder berupa tinjauan literatur hasil penelitian terdahulu mengenai deradikalisasi dan residivisme terorisme, serta pemberitaan media online.Berdasarkan temuan penelitian, penting untuk melakukan assessment yang komprehensif dan berlapis terhadap individu yang pernah menjadi terpidana terorisme. Penilaian ini harus didukung oleh informasi intelijen untuk memastikan akurasi yang lebih baik. Evaluasi yang tepat akan memungkinkan penerapan program deradikalisasi secara efektif dan membantu mengurangi kemungkinan terjadinya residivis terorisme.
Analisis Dampak Polusi Udara Akibat Kebakaran Hutan Dan Lahan Serta Upaya Pengurangannya Dalam Mempertahankan Ketahanan Energi
Authors: Maulia Siti Tiara
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThis article raises problems that are being experienced and felt directly by Indonesia at this time. Indonesian people have to survive amidst air pollution, which is mostly caused by forest and land fires. These forest and land fires then have an impact that is also detrimental to various other sectors. Forests have various natural resources that contain a lot of energy and other potential that can be used in various forms of life. This impact can then gradually weaken the state of energy security in Indonesia. In order to overcome the negative impacts of air pollution caused by the spread of land and forests, it is important to understand that this is not just the task of "policy makers" but is a collective task to create a balance between human energy needs and the preservation of forests and land which play a role in maintaining air quality and a healthy climate and blue skies again.
PERAN LITERASI KEUANGAN NELAYAN DAN PERILAKU RUMAH TANGGA SERTA IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KETAHANAN KEUANGAN KELUARGA (Studi Pada Keluarga Nelayan di Pelabuhan Sadeng, Yogyakarta)
Authors: Prasetya Bangun Putra
Published: August 2024

The southern coastal area is a priority area to be developed, especially in Sadeng Beach in becoming a fishing port, it is expected to be a mainstay in the economic development of the South Coast area of Gunungkidul Regency and be able to provide welfare to the community, especially fishermen. Welfare is influenced by a number of factors including the limited quality of human resources in understanding financial literacy. Good financial knowledge or Financial Literacy is needed so that financial management can be better by placing money in accordance with appropriate goods, so that it can be an effort to control household consumptive behavior in achieving family economic resilience. This study aims to determine the role of household behavior in mediating the influence of financial literacy in achieving family economic resilience. The study used an explanatory approach. This research is included in the category of quantitative research because it involves numerical data, measures objective facts, focuses on variables, and involves statistical analysis. Hypothesis testing using Smart PLS. The results showed that with the role of good financial literacy applied in everyday life, it will have an impact on financial resilience. In addition, if a person's literacy ability is able to be applied and is able to control household behavior in controlling finances and saving, it will have a good impact on Family Economic resilience
Strategi Empat Pilar Kebangsaan Bagi Pembangunan Generasi Muda Dalam Menyongsong Bonus Demografi dan Implikasinya Terhadap Ketahanan Sosial Kepulauan Riau
Authors: Soesatyo Bambang
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT The Demographic Bonus is a golden opportunity for the Indonesian nation. However, the existing social problems due to limited workforce pose a threat to this opportunity. Through the reconstruction of the Four Pillars of the Nation: (Pancasila, UUD 1945, Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia and Bhinneka Tunggal Ika) strengthening of the younger generation is implemented as a preventive measure and societal understanding. The research aims to determine how the Four Pillars of the Nation strategy is implemented for the development of the younger generation in facing the Demographic Bonus and its implications for the social resilience of the Riau Islands. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the research informants involve academics, community leaders, youth figures, government, and private employees, as well as students. The results show that the Riau Islands Government strives through the Demographic Bonus and the strengthening of national values, but the threat of national disintegration arises. The socialization of the Four Pillars of the Nation needs improvement, especially among teachers and community leaders. Protection for communities vulnerable to human trafficking is carried out through the Trauma Center Protection House (RPTC) with the formation of a social network involving the TPPO Task Force and the Provincial Task Force. Challenges related to financial motivation and economic inequality still exist. The Four Pillars of the Nation are implemented as education on national values, and conflict resolution involves communication and sometimes legal approaches. Collaboration between the TPPO Task Force, the community, and community leaders is expected to reduce the risk of human trafficking in this province.
Monthly Sales Forecast of Cigarettes under the Background of Business and Finance Integration
Authors: Xue Jianbo , Wu Huahua , Shen Xiaoxia
Published: August 2024

Developing accurate and effective sales plans is of great value to every enterprise. This article takes the cigarette marketing line in L region as the research object, and develops a monthly sales model that matches the actual situation and has guiding value. The monthly sales forecast is constrained by annual sales and experience, resulting in two main problems: low planning accuracy and large fluctuations in actual monthly sales, making modeling difficult. Through research, it has been found that the fluctuations between different years and the same month are relatively small compared to the annual fluctuations. Therefore, it has been decided to adopt three types of exponential smoothing models: simple equilibrium, Hote linearity, and Brownian trend to predict monthly sales. By comparing three models, the Hote linear model predicts results more accurately.
Strategies for Improving College Students' Learning Effectiveness under Knowledge-based Short Video Learning
Authors: Du Baiyan , Lai Yuge , Fang Yuemin , Xu Xin , Tian Miao
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the impact of knowledge-based short video learning on university students’ autonomous learning abilities, time management behaviors, learning strategies, and cognitive academic achievements. A questionnaire survey was administered to 322 students, and in-depth interviews with 4 students were conducted for detailed case analysis. The results indicate that autonomous learning abilities are at a moderate level, with female and senior students demonstrating higher capacities for self-directed learning; students who prefer watching longer short videos tend to perform better in autonomous learning. Time management behaviors are generally weak, with only some data and student performances showing improvement, but overall differences are minimal. Learning strategies are moderately developed but stronger than time management; senior students and those who favor longer short videos excel more in learning strategies. Cognitive academic achievements are also close to moderate levels, just below autonomous learning abilities, with female students, senior students, and those who watch longer short videos showing superior performance. There are no significant differences across professional fields and institutions. Finally, based on the research findings, recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of short video learning are proposed, focusing on improving autonomous learning abilities, time management behaviors, learning strategies, and cognitive academic achievements. The study provides theoretical and practical guidance for educators and students, aiming to optimize the application of short videos as a learning tool.
Forecasting of Dam Lake Water Level Using M5 Decision Tree and Anfis Models
Authors: Şentürk Özden Nur , Üneş Fatih , Demirci Mustafa , Taşar Bestami
Published: August 2024

Dam reservoir level prediction is important for dam construction, operation, design and safety. In this study, dam reservoir level change predictions were investigated using the M5 Decision Tree (M5 Tree) and Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) models. For modeling the daily dam reservoir water level (t), the lagged time of reservoir water level (t-1), stream flow (t) and precipitation heights in the dam basin (t) were used. The model results were compared with the results of conventional multiple linear regression (MLR) models. The models were analyzed with graphical and statistical results. The coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) performance criteria were taken into account when comparing the prediction models. The results showed that M5 Tree and Anfis model results gave a better performance in predicting the dam reservoir level change.
The Power of Feminist Postcolonial through Colonial Space: An Analysis of Western Women's Works
Authors: Nasir Muhammad , Munir Mulia
Published: August 2024

This article explores the influence of Feminist postcolonial perspectives within the framework of colonial space, particularly in regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia influenced by British and American colonization. The concept of "colonial space" in this context refers to establishing Western feminist colonies among Saudi women within the narrative of space exploration in novels. The study reveals that this notion is scrutinized in speculative works, where authors exercise creative freedom in placing characters within fictional settings. Postcolonial feminists argue that women in the Saudi palace experience oppressive and unequal treatment compared to men, experiencing both personal and institutional discrimination. They assert that the structure of this space predominantly favors men over women. The research findings suggest that Western postcolonial feminist works intentionally feature palace family figures to persuade and engage readers globally, influencing their perspectives...
Determinación de la composición superficial de la luna desde un satélite lunar
Authors: Wittry D. B , Arrhenius G. , Cohen L. H.
Published: August 2024

AI discutir las ventajas científicas perdurables en Ia determinación de las variaciones en composición química de Ia superficie de Ia Luna, se revisan los posibles métodos para obtener medidas continuas de concentraciones atómicas en la superficie lunar desde un satélite en órbita alrededor de Ia Luna. Se concluye que los rayos X característicos de Ia superficie lunar, excitados por Ia radiación corpuscular proveniente del Sol durante periodos de actividad, proporcionan Ia fuente más prometedora de información sobre Ia variación en concentración de los elementos importantes. Ya que se espera que por lo menos uno de las sondas lunares lleve un espectrógrafo de rayos gamma, el examen de rayos X de Ia superficie de Ia Luna ampliará Ia aplicación del equipo a bordo del satélite.
Se computan los rendimientos de Ia radiación K en blancos gruesos para el rango de los respectivos elementos según diferentes flujos de protones. e investigan en términos de error standard relativo el conteo y Ia resolución espacial obtenida por medio de los instrumentos en órbita a diversas alturas. Haciendo un cálculo conservador y sin tomar en cuenta el fondo, se estima una resolución de 95 Km (diámetro del cráter de Copérnico) a una altura de 400 Km con certidumbre de 90 por ciento en Ia estadística de conteo para un flujo de 104 protones/seg. Para alturas menores o para flujos de protones más altos, mejoraría considerablemente I a resolución.
Se indica Ia importancia crítica de los problemas del fondo, esbozándose algunos intentos de solución.
Algunas relaciones entre el nivel del mar y el viento en el Pacifico Ecuatorial
Authors: Groves G.W. , Grivel F.
Published: August 2024

El viento alisio en la región del Pacífico Ecuatorial, está sometido a fluctuaciones regulares de cuatro días, asociadas con el paso de ondas atmosféricas de tipo planetario hacia el oeste. Estas fluctuaciones del viento originan ascensos y descensos en la superficie del mar con la misma frecuencia. En ocasiones, dichas ondas superficiales alcanzan una doble amplitud de diez centímetros y destacan prominentemente sobre el ruido de fondo. El análisis estadístico muestra que estas ondas son coherentes a lo largo de grandes distancias desde las Islas Line hasta las Phoenix y desde ellas hasta las Islas Gilbert, una distancia total de 3,000 Km. La actividad de fondo, en la misma gama de frecuencias, no tiene esta coherencia. Las relaciones de fase en las varias estaciones mareográficas establecidas durante el Año Geofísico Internacional resultan compatibles con una onda progresiva que viaja hacia el oeste, como era de esperarse, que podría ser inducida por las ondas en el viento alisio. En las Islas Phoenix, donde la actividad de cuatro días resulta ser mayor, hay picos significantes y bien definidos del espectro con períodos de cinco -y 2.7 días, además del pico más prominente de cuatro días. Dichos picos son notablemente angostos, siendo casi indistinguibles de las verdaderas líneas. No ha sido explicado el origen de estos picos.
Un modelo de circulación ecuatorial
Authors: Freeman, JR. John C.
Published: August 2024

La distribución de presión resultante de perturbaciones en una banda ecuatorial de vorticidad absoluta constante se compara con los alisios tropicales.
Algunos estudios numéricos de ciclones tropicales
Authors: Estoque Mariano A.
Published: August 2024

Se investigan teóricamente las características de las circulaciones vertical y radial de un ciclón maduro, considerándose dos modelos, un modelo filtrado y un modelo de ecuación primitiva, ambos axialmente simétricos y dependientes del tiempo. La evolución de las circulaciones, desde una supuesta condición inicial balanceada se obtiene por integraciones numéricas, al comparar resultados para ambos modelos. Las circulaciones calculadas se asemejan a las observadas en un ciclón tropical maduro, especialmente cerca del núcleo central.
Distribución global del albedo normal de superficie
Authors: Posey Julian W. , Clapp Philip F.
Published: August 2024

Se presentan mapas de promedio climatológico (normal) del albedo de superficie para los Hemisferios Norte y Sur y para los meses de Enero, Abril, Julio y Octubre. Dichos mapas se han construido usando la información disponible sobre el promedio de albedo de varias superficies naturales y lo que se conoce de los diferentes tipos de vegetación superficial y cubiertas de hielo y nieve en todas las regiones del globo.
Caza-huracanes navales
Authors: Eaton Max A.
Published: August 2024

Al terminar la estación de huracanes de 1962 se completaron 20 años de vuelos de reconocimiento por los caza-huracanes navales. Antes de la época de los reconocimientos aéreos por los centros de alarma contra huracanes, se perdían casi 400 vidas por cada 10 millones de dólares de daños en propiedades causados por huracanes en los Estados Unidos. Desde 1943 cuando comenzaron los reconocimientos aéreos, la pérdida de vidas se ha reducido 99 por ciento. Prestando ayuda a los servicios de alarma contra huracanes, los caza-huracanes navales han acumulado casi 16,000 horas de vuelos de reconocimiento meteorológico equivalentes a aproximadamente a 3 millones de millas náuticas. De ellas 5,720 se ocuparon en vigilar tormentas tropicales o huracanes y se hicieron 579 penetraciones reales en los centros de esas tormentas. La única tragedia que mancha esa hoja de servicios es la pérdida de un avión al reconocer el huracán JANET. El 16 de septiembre de 1955, aproximadamente a 250 millas al sur de Jamaica.
Pronosticando marejadas fuertes inducidas por huracanes
Authors: Lee Harris D. , Hoover Eugene W.
Published: August 2024

Una amplia revisión de los aspectos teóricos del problema de las marejadas de tormentas fue recientemente publicada por Welander (1961). Fortak (1962) presentó el último año una discusión unificada. Harris (1963) también publicó recientemente una extensa descripción no-matemática de los procesos físicos y de los datos de observación de 26 tormentas tropicales y huracanes. La investigación en este campo tiende más y más a concentrarse en problemas de estabilidad de cálculo, ingeniería de costas y oceanografía de aguas someras en lugar de la meteorología. Por ello creemos que un informe actual sobre el sistema de alarmas contra marejadas de tormentas, como se tiene en los Estados Unidos y breves datos sobre proyectos de investigaciones y desarrollos ahora en vigor será más útil a este grupo que un informe sobre investigaciones especializadas.
Algunos intentos para simular el desarrollo de ciclones tropicales por métodos numéricos
Authors: Rosenthal Stanley L.
Published: August 2024

Hemos realizado una serie de experimentos numéricos que pretenden simular el origen de un huracán suponiendo que el estado inicial es un vórtice ciclónico, débil y simétrico. Asumimos que gran número de nubes convectivas están incluidas en ese vórtice inicial y que en cada una de ellas hay un ascenso pseudo-adiabático a través de una atmósfera condicionalmente inestable. Las nubes están organizadas con respecto al vórtice y forman un sistema definido.
Palpitaciones propias de una cuenca en ocho
Authors: Groves Gordon W.
Published: August 2024

Se investigan las palpitaciones barotrópicas de onda larga en una cuenca de profundidad constante, cuyos límites son curvas de un sistema de coordenadas elíptico-hiperbólicas. Las palpitaciones gravitacionales y planetarias son evaluadas por un procedimiento numérico iterativo. Se estableció que las frecuencias de las palpitaciones gravitacionales decrecen con Ia disminución del ancho de la cintura de la cuenca, según Ia teoría del resonador de Helmholz y que las corrientes más fuertes se encuentran en Ia cintura de Ia cuenca. Para las palpitaciones planetarias las frecuencias generalmente aumentan según Ia disminución del ancho de Ia cintura, pero no en forma tan marcada y las corrientes asociadas con ellas tienen velocidades mínimas en Ia cintura de Ia cuenca.
Sobre la configuración cotidal en el Pacifico Ecuatorial
Authors: Grivel Piña Francisco , Groves Gordon W.
Published: August 2024

Se examinaron datos mareográficos de seis islas en el Pacífico Ecuatorial, la mayor parte de las cuales nunca se habían tomado en cuenta en la construcción de cartas de la marea. Las constantes armónicas obtenidas para las componentes M2, S2, K1 y O1 fueron comparadas con cartas cotidales publicadas. La concordancia en general es buena; las mayores discrepancias se notaron en la región de las Islas Tuamotu y las Tubuai, en donde las amplitudes son menores.
Identification of the sun glint in apt pictures by computation of its azimuth and distance
Authors: Mosiño Pedro A.
Published: August 2024

Frecuentemente se observa en fotografías APT la reflexión de los rayos del Sol sobre áreas oceánicas como una mancha brillante (cadillo), que puede discernirse con facilidad cuando se localiza cerca de un borde continental, delineándose entonces claramente la costa. Sin embargo, cuando hay una extensa cubierta nubosa, el cadillo del Sol que se observa a través de nubes desgarradas o en áreas nubosas puede confundirse fácilmente con un sistema redondeado de nubes. Consecuentemente, es conveniente poder localizarlo sin error por algún medio que permita eliminar sus efectos en la interpretación y uso de fotografías APT de nubes de satélites meteorológicos
Traffic Sign Detection and Recognition System using CNN
Authors: Pavani Korada Bala
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Traffic signs play a crucial role in providing drivers with critical information. Therefore, motorists must possess the ability to read and understand traffic signals in order to drive safely. There has been a lot of research on traffic sign detection during the past many decades. There is a severe lack of real-time and precise detections in the present state of the art of traffic sign detection, which is preventing it from being really useful. This study details an approach to traffic sign recognition that operates in real-time and provides drivers with voice assistance. This system is comprised of two subsystems. Locating and recognising traffic lights is the first step in using a trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). A text-to-speech engine will then narrate the traffic sign to the driver after it has been detected. Using Deep Learning techniques, we construct a very efficient CNN model using a benchmark dataset for real-time detection and identification. One benefit of this technology is its ability to recognise and elucidate traffic signs for drivers, regardless of their level of attentiveness or comprehension. This sort of technology is equally important for developing autonomous automobiles
A learning theory for quantum photonic processors and beyond
Authors: Rosati Matteo
Published: August 2024

We consider the tasks of learning quantum states, measurements and channels generated by continuous-variable (CV) quantum circuits. This family of circuits is suited to describe optical quantum technologies and in particular it includes state-of-the-art photonic processors capable of showing quantum advantage. We define classes of functions that map classical variables, encoded into the CV circuit parameters, to outcome probabilities evaluated on those circuits. We then establish efficient learnability guarantees for such classes, by computing bounds on their pseudo-dimension or covering numbers, showing that CV quantum circuits can be learned with a sample complexity that scales polynomially with the circuit's size, i.e., the number of modes. Our results show that CV circuits can be trained efficiently using a number of training samples that, unlike their finite-dimensional counterpart, does not scale with the circuit depth.
Factores determinantes en el consumo cultural en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Viera Castillo Daniel Omar , Flores Loredo Mario Alonso
Published: August 2024

Este estudio se enfoca en identificar los hábitos de consumo cultural en jóvenes universitarios chilenos y los factores que los influyen. Se reconoce la importancia del consumo cultural en la economía y sociedad contemporánea, especialmente en el contexto de las industrias creativas. Se emplea un enfoque cuantitativo, encuestando a 364 alumnos, y se encuentra una relación entre factores culturales, psicológicos y demográficos con los hábitos de consumo cultural. Estos hallazgos son relevantes para comprender la influencia de la cultura en la sociedad y pueden informar políticas culturales y estrategias de mercado.
Inversión Sostenible
Authors: Adriano Miñope Diana Teresa , Charaja Alagón Keidy Luz , Mamani Mamani Stephani Belinda
Published: August 2024

La inversión sostenible ha adquirido una relevancia significativa a nivel global, impulsada por las consecuencias del cambio climático y la devastación ambiental causada por la explotación excesiva de recursos naturales no renovables. Esta creciente preocupación ha motivado a las empresas a comprometerse cada vez más con la sostenibilidad, generando impacto tanto en sus prácticas de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial como en la formulación de políticas gubernamentales. Este compromiso se tradujo en una creciente demanda de inversiones sostenibles, las cuales tenían como objetivo generar un impacto positivo en el medio ambiente y la sociedad. El objetivo primordial de este artículo fue analizar el impacto a largo plazo de las inversiones sostenibles en la rentabilidad de los proyectos. Para lograrlo, se llevó a cabo una exhaustiva revisión sistemática de la literatura, abarcando información relevante, teorías existentes, investigaciones previas y datos pertinentes. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que las inversiones sostenibles podían tener un impacto  positivo significativo. Por un lado, las empresas comprometidas con la sostenibilidad solían ser más rentables al reducir costos operativos y aumentar sus ventas. En conclusión, la aplicación de las finanzas verdes en estas inversiones se destacaba como una estrategia de “ganar-ganar”. No solo generó un impacto favorable en el medio ambiente, sino que también tenía el potencial de fortalecer la fidelización del consumidor. A pesar de estos beneficios, era crucial reconocer que las inversiones sostenibles podían conllevar un mayor riesgo, requiriendo una evaluación meticulosa antes de tomar decisiones de inversión.
Patient characteristics, treatment patterns, and survival outcomes for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma in Denmark between 2011 and 2018: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Sørensen Jens Benn , Baas Paul , Szépligeti Szimonetta Komjáthiné , Pedersen Alma B. , Johnsen Søren P. , Carroll Robert , Schoemaker Minouk J. , Rault Caroline , Daumont Melinda J. , Ehrenstein Vera
Published: August 2024

Background: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare thoracic malignancy with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Immunotherapy shows potential for improved outcomes; however, real-world evidence on its use will take time to accumulate. This study examined patient characteristics, treatment patterns, overall survival (OS), and predictors of mortality among patients diagnosed with MPM in Denmark prior to the introduction of newer treatments.
Methods: This historical cohort study based on routinely collected Danish National Registry data included adults newly diagnosed with MPM between 01 January 2011 and 31 May 2018. Summary statistics were used to describe patient characteristics and initial treatment. OS was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods; Cox regression was used to compare patient mortality against the (age/sex-matched) general population and to investigate mortality predictors.
Results: Overall, 880 patients were included; 44% had advanced MPM, 37% had non-advanced MPM, and 19% had unknown MPM stage. Median age at diagnosis was 71.9 years, and 82% of the patients were male. Within 180 days of diagnosis, no treatment was recorded for 215 patients (54%) with advanced MPM and 150 (46%) with non-advanced MPM. Median time-to-initial treatment (interquartile range) was 47 days (31–111) overall, 40 days (28–77) in patients with advanced MPM, and 53 days (35–121) with non-advanced MPM. Median OS was 13.7 months overall (non-advanced MPM: 18.0 months vs. advanced MPM: 10.0 months). Predictors of higher mortality were older age at diagnosis, histology, and advanced MPM stage.
Interpretation: These findings provide a baseline upon which to evaluate MPM epidemiology as newer treatments are adopted in routine practice.
Electron beam radiotherapy for the management of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal margin
Authors: Fokdal Lars , Mortensen Bjarke , Jensen Lars Henrik , Sørensen Mette Møller , Mc Ilroy Sean Patrick , Havelund Birgitte Mayland
Published: August 2024

Purpose and objective: Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal margin (SCCAM) is an uncommon lesion that comprises one-third to a quarter of all anal squamous cell carcinoma. Treatment involves surgery or exclusive radiotherapy for small tumours, whereas the preferred treatment for larger tumours is chemoradiotherapy. In our department, selected patients with SCCAM are treated with electron beam radiotherapy using one perineal field. The present study evaluates this strategy.
Material and methods: All consecutive patients with SCCAM and treated with electron beam radiotherapy from 2012 to 2022 were included. Data were retrospectively extracted from the medical records and analysed descriptively. Local control (LC) and overall survival (OS) were analysed using Kaplan-Meier statistics.
Results: Forty patients were evaluated. Primary radiotherapy was delivered in 35 (87.5%) patients. Five (12.5%) patients had postoperative radiotherapy. Median prescription dose was 60.0 (range 45.0–60.2) Gy in 28 (range 10–30) fractions delivered with 8 (range 4–18) MeV using a standard circular aperture and bolus.
At a median follow-up of 73 (range 9–135) months, 7 (17.5%) patients were diagnosed with local recurrences. The 5-year LC rate was 84.3% (95% CI: 71.4%–97.2%). Analysis of LC according to T-stage revealed a 5-year LC of 100% (95% CI: 100%–100%) in T1 tumours compared to 57.0% (95% CI: 27.4%–86.6%) in T2 tumours (p < 0.001). 5-year OS was 91.6% (95% CI: 83.0%–100%). Late grade 3 toxicity included ulceration in the skin and subcutis in 2 (5.0%) patients.
Intepretation: Electron beam radiotherapy enables the delivery of ‘eye-guided’ radiotherapy directly to the tumour. LC is good in patients with T1 tumours. Patients with T2 tumours have less satisfactory LC and should be treated with chemoradiotherapy.
Electron beam radiotherapy enables the delivery of “eye-guided” RT directly to the tumour. LC is excellent in patients with T1 tumours. Patients with T2 tumours have less satisfactory LC and should be treated with chemoradiotherapy.
MANEJO SUSTENTABLE DE LOS RECURSOS NATURALES EN EL CENTRO DE BIOCONOCIMIENTO – ESPOCH
Authors:   Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo- ESPOCH, Parra León Vicente Javier , Zurita Polo Susana Monserrat ,   Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo- ESPOCH, Guilcapi Pacheco Edmundo Danilo ,   Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo- ESPOCH, Tapia Ramírez Cristian Santiago ,   Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo- ESPOCH
Published: August 2024

En el vasto territorio de la investigación y el desarrollo, la necesidad de abordar los desafíos de manera integral se hace cada vez más evidente. Este libro es un testimonio de ese compromiso: un viaje que nos lleva desde la comprensión íntima del suelo hasta el corazón de las comunidades, explorando las interconexiones entre la naturaleza, la ciencia y la sociedad. Cada capítulo de esta obra representa un eslabón en una cadena de cuidado y comprensión, desde el manejo sostenible del suelo hasta la gestión comunitaria de los recursos naturales. En ellos, encontramos un enfoque que trasciende las fronteras disciplinarias, amalgamando el conocimiento tradicional con las últimas innovaciones científicas. La obra se erige como un faro de luz en un mundo donde la degradación ambiental y la pérdida de biodiversidad son realidades cada vez más urgentes. Aquí, en estas páginas, encontramos no solo un análisis profundo de los problemas, sino también soluciones prácticas y esperanza renovada. Este libro no solo es un compendio de conocimientos, sino también un llamado a la acción. Nos desafía a repensar nuestras relaciones con la tierra y entre nosotros, a adoptar prácticas más responsables y a construir un futuro más sustentable para las generaciones venideras.