bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interactions of TonB-dependent transporter FoxA with siderophores and antibiotics that affect binding, uptake, and signal transduction
Authors: Chan Derek C. K. , Josts Inokentijs , Koteva Kalinka , Wright Gerard D. , Tidow Henning , Burrows Lori L.
Published: April 2023

The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria prevents many antibiotics from reaching intracellular targets. However, some antimicrobials can take advantage of iron import transporters to cross this barrier. We showed previously that the thiopeptide antibiotic thiocillin exploits the nocardamine xenosiderophore transporter, FoxA, of the opportunistic pathogenPseudomonas aeruginosafor uptake. Here, we show that FoxA also transports the xenosiderophore bisucaberin and describe at 2.5 Å resolution the crystal structure of bisucaberin bound to FoxA. Bisucaberin is distinct from other siderophores because it forms a 3:2 rather than 1:1 siderophore–iron complex. Mutations in a single extracellular loop of FoxA differentially affected nocardamine, thiocillin, and bisucaberin binding, uptake, and signal transduction. These results show that in addition to modulating ligand binding, the extracellular loops of siderophore transporters are of fundamental importance for controlling ligand uptake and its regulatory consequences, which have implications for the development of siderophore–antibiotic conjugates to treat difficult infections.
Co-inversion of a scattering cavity and its internal sources: uniqueness, decoupling and imaging
Authors: Zhang Deyue , Guo Yukun , Wang Yinglin , Chang Yan
Published: April 2023

This paper concerns the simultaneous reconstruction of a sound-soft cavity and its excitation sources from the total-field data. Using the single-layer potential representations on two measurement curves, this co-inversion problem can be decoupled into two inverse problems: an inverse cavity scattering problem and an inverse source problem. This novel decoupling technique is fast and easy to implement since it is based on a linear system of integral equations. Then the uncoupled subproblems are respectively solved by the modified optimization and sampling method. We also establish the uniqueness of this co-inversion problem and analyze the stability of our method. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Phototoxicity and cell passage affect intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and sensitivity towards non-thermal plasma treatment in fluorescently-labeled cancer cells
Authors: Verswyvel Hanne , Deben Christophe , Wouters An , Lardon Filip , Bogaerts Annemie , Smits Evelien , Lin Abraham
Published: April 2023

Live-cell imaging with fluorescence microscopy is a powerful tool, especially in cancer research, widely-used for capturing dynamic cellular processes over time. However, light-induced toxicity (phototoxicity) can be incurred from this method, via disruption of intracellular redox balance and an overload of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This can introduce confounding effects in an experiment, especially in the context of evaluating and screening novel therapies. Here, we aimed to unravel whether phototoxicity can impact cellular homeostasis and response to non-thermal plasma (NTP), a therapeutic strategy which specifically targets the intracellular redox balance. We demonstrate that cells incorporated with a fluorescent reporter for live-cell imaging have increased sensitivity to NTP, when exposed to ambient light or fluorescence excitation, likely through altered proliferation rates and baseline intracellular ROS levels. These changes became even more pronounced the longer the cells stayed in culture. Therefore, our results have important implications for research implementing this analysis technique and are particularly important for designing experiments and evaluating redox-based therapies like NTP.
Strong magnetic anisotropy in PrRu2Ga8 and PrCo2Al8 single crystals
Authors: Xiao (肖静静) Jing-Jing , Wang (王翠香) Cui-Xiang , Yan (闫大禹) Da-Yu , Li (李勇) Yong , Feng (冯海) Hai L , Liu (刘来君) Lai-Jun , Shi (石友国) You-Guo
Published: April 2023

Single crystals of LnRu2Ga8 and LnCo2Al8 (Ln = La and Pr) were grown using a Ga/Al self-flux method. An orthorhombic CaCo2Al8-type structure with space group Pbam (No.55) of them was identified by x-ray diffraction. LaRu2Ga8 and LaCo2Al8 are Pauli paramagnetic down to 2 K, while PrRu2Ga8 and PrCo2Al8 show antiferromagnetic (AFM) order at 2.5 and 5 K, respectively. Strong magnetic anisotropy in PrRu2Ga8 and PrCo2Al8 single crystals was found by an anisotropic magnetic measurement. The field-induced FM state was observed in both PrRu2Ga8 and PrCo2Al8 for H||c. However, in the case of H⊥c, the AFM state is robust. The strong magnetic anisotropy in PrRu2Ga8 FM and PrCo2Al8 is due to their anisotropic magnetic interactions that FM interactions are dominant in the case of H||c while AFM interactions for H⊥c.
Effect of composite vortex beam on a two-dimensional gain assisted atomic grating
Authors: Wahab Abdul , Abbas Muqaddar , Sanders Barry C
Published: April 2023

We propose an atomic grating based on an electromagnetically induced transparency phenomenon that switches between zeroth-order diffraction to a distinct higher-order diffraction pattern by driving a planar gaseous medium of a four-level tripod (

⋔

) atoms with three laser beams: modulation of standing wave control beam propagating nearly perpendicular to the planar medium, while vortex and weak plane probe beams directed perpendicular to the medium. We numerically investigate the behavior of the amplitude, phase modulations, and probe field diffraction intensities of different orders by the variation of the field detunings and orbital angular momentum number of the composite vortex light beam. Specifically, in the off-resonant case, the interplay between a square lattice of the control and an additional spatial variation of the vortex beam allows the emergence of higher diffraction orders and variable gain due to double transparency windows in this complex optical system. We believe that our proposed scheme might be useful in optical memory devices via the storage of information to diffraction orders of the atomic grating.
Purity in the QTMS radar
Authors: Hosseiny Seyed Mohammad , Norouzi Milad , Seyed-Yazdi Jamileh , Irannezhad Fatemeh
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we analyze the purity and decoherence effects in quantum two-mode squeezed (QTMS) radar as a function of the squeezing parameter and temperature, using quantum information processing tools. The squeezing parameter is an important key to improving the performance of the QTMS radar. We investigate the response to the squeezing parameter controlling to system state of the QTMS radar. In this work, we deal with the QTMS radar with two cases of the transmitted signal, the presence or the absence of the target. The squeezing parameter controls the power of the generated signal and idler, the correlation between signal and idler, as well as the coherence and state of the system. We show that the decoherence effects are low at low temperatures, low squeezing parameters, and low power. In addition, we demonstrate that the purity and, consequently, the coherence of the QTMS radar are better when the target is absent than when it is present. However, the coherence and purity are maintained at high temperatures in both cases. In addition, by calculating the entropy of formation as a tool to investigate the qualitative behavior of entanglement in QTMS radar, we show that the behaviors of purity and entropy are similar. Finally, we show that the proportion of received photons in the QTMS radar is an important factor in improving the radar performance.
Pulsed laser deposited Dy and Ta doped hafnium- zirconium oxide thin films for the high-k applications
Authors: Sharma Urvashi , Asif Mohd , Varma Vishnu M , Kumar Gulshan , Mishra Sachin , Kumar Ashok , Thomas Reji
Published: April 2023

Hf0.6Zr0.2Dy0.1Ta0.1O2 thin films were deposited on Si (100) at 600°C using pulsed laser deposition for gate oxide applications because of the compatibility of the elements with the CMOS process. Special emphasis was placed on the properties of Hf0.6Zr0.2Dy0.1Ta0.1O2 thin films within metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structure (Pt/Hf0.6Zr0.2Dy0.1Ta0.1O2/Si) for high-k application in logic devices. The capacitance-voltage and current-voltage measurements are used to determine the electrical characteristics of MIS capacitor structures. The minimum equivalent oxide thickness and maximum dielectric constant of the thin films obtained were as low as 1.2 nm and as high as 35.7 at 10 kHz, respectively. Results on the gate stacks obtained based on the MIS structures appear to be promising as the high-k material for logic devices.
Novel constraints on fifth forces and ultralight dark sector with asteroidal data
Authors: Tsai Yu-Dai , Wu Youjia , Vagnozzi Sunny , Visinelli Luca
Published: April 2023

We study for the first time the possibility of probing long-range fifth forces utilizing asteroid astrometric data, via the fifth force-induced orbital precession. We examine nine Near-Earth Object (NEO) asteroids whose orbital trajectories are accurately determined via optical and radar astrometry. Focusing on a Yukawa-type potential mediated by a new gauge field (dark photon) or a baryon-coupled scalar, we estimate the sensitivity reach for the fifth force coupling strength and mediator mass in the mass range m ≃ (10-21-10-15) eV, near the “fuzzy” dark matter region. Our estimated sensitivity is comparable to leading limits from equivalence principle tests, potentially exceeding these in a specific mass range. The fifth force-induced precession increases with the orbital semi-major axis in the small m limit, motivating the study of objects further away from the Sun. We also demonstrate that precession tests are particularly strong in probing long-range forces which approximately conserve the equivalence principle. We discuss future prospects for extending our study to more than a million asteroids, including NEOs, main-belt asteroids, Hildas, and Jupiter Trojans, as well as trans-Neptunian objects and exoplanets.
Tunable multi-outlet single photon quantum router in an optomechanical system
Authors: Wang Qiong , Li Wen-Juan
Published: April 2023

An experimentally accessible tunable single-photon multi-channel quantum router is investigated in a system consisting of an optomechanics cavity coulomb coupling to a nano-mechanical resonator. The router can extract a single-photon from the coherent input signal directly modulate into three different output channels, and the output probability is all close to 1. More important, the two output signal frequencies can be selected by adjusting Coulomb coupling strength. We also demonstrate the vacuum and thermal noise will be insignificant for the optical performance of the single-photon router at temperature of the order of 20 mK. Our proposal may have paved a new avenue towards multi-channel router and quantum network.
Orbital angular momentum induced asymmetric diffraction grating in quantum dot molecule
Authors: Wang Weiyong , Niu Fanfan , Qiao Na
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we study the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern in a four-level quantum dot nanostructure. The quantum dot interacts with two weak probe and signal laser fields and two strong coupling lights where one of them is a two-dimensional standing wave field. We study the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of the transmitted probe light when the coherent driving light becomes plan wave or Laguerre Gaussian (LG) vortex light. We found that by controlling the relative phase of the applied lights and orbital angular momentum (OAM) of LG light, the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern can be controlled and the probe energy transfer from zero order to the higher orders, respectively. Moreover, we realized that by controlling the OAM number of the vortex light the asymmetric diffraction pattern is possible.
Reionizing Islands with Inhomogeneous Recombinations
Authors: Zhu Runyu , Xu Yidong , Yue Bin , Chen Xuelei
Published: April 2023

Observations are beginning to constrain the history of the epoch of reionization (EoR). Modeling the reionization process is indispensable to interpret the observations, to infer the properties of ionizing sources, and to probe the various astrophysical processes from the observational data. Here we present an improved version of the semi-numerical simulation islandFAST, by incorporating inhomogeneous recombinations and a corresponding inhomogeneous ionizing background, and simulate the reionization process of neutral islands during the late EoR. We find that the islands are more fragmented in models with inhomogeneous recombinations than the case with a homogeneous recombination number. In order to investigate the effects of basic assumptions in the reionization modeling, we compare the results from islandFAST with those from 21cmFAST for the same assumptions on the ionizing photon sources and sinks, to find how the morphology of the ionization field and the reionization history depend on the different treatments of these two models. Such systematic bias should be noted when interpreting the upcoming observations.
Coverage Probability Analysis of Amplify and Forward Based Multi-user Hybrid Satellite Terrestrial Relay Network
Authors: Khadanga Swarnima , Kashyap Milan , Verma Kalyani , Sudharsan P
Published: April 2023

This article examines coverage probability for a multi-user hybrid satellite terrestrial relay network (HSTRN) with opportunistic user scheme. Better quality information are gathered via HSTRN-based networks for users on the ground. Simultaneous satellite signals are amplified by relays and relayed to terrestrial users with the highest instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on an individual channel. Analytically approximate coverage probability is derived for fixed and variable gain relaying. The multi-user relay network is analyzed under Nakagami-m fading, and Rician shadowed fading. We perform simulation and analytical validation to validate our study and compare the performance of fixed and variable gain relaying.
A Survey on Enabling Technologies and Recent Advancements in 6G Communication
Authors: Srikanth Kamath H , Bhandari Aaryan , Shekhar Shashank , Ghosh Sagnik
Published: April 2023

The growth of IoT and data-driven applications has caused network evolution with a demand for high internet speeds capable of handling data-intensive operations and high-performance computing in real-time. Despite massive strides in the past decade to achieve low-latency ultra-reliable network connections, by 2030, 5G technology will be unable to keep pace with emerging applications like unmanned autonomous vehicles, brain-computer interactive devices, extended reality (XR), ubiquitous AI, Internet of Everything and global network coverage. Subsequently, there will arise a need to transcend from 5G to 6G. 6G is being touted as the next giant leap forward to support ultra-fast intelligent networks resulting in speculations about the various use cases which will adopt 6G. We discuss the enabling technologies and recent advancements in the development of 6G. We talk about the most advanced and promising technologies that will revolutionise 6G communication. Furthermore, we give an objective analysis of these technologies and possible hindrances in their adoption.
Mobile Application based Indoor Positioning and Navigational System using Dijkstra’s Algorithm
Authors: Deiva Nayagam R. , Selvathi D. , Geeta R. , Gopinath D. , Sivakumar G.
Published: April 2023

This paper offers a method for developing an efficient indoor navigation system with the consideration of the shortest path between source and destination. The challenge for the indoor navigation system is to provide personal navigation information and the optimal route. Applications of indoor navigation systems need consideration of the Shortest Path problem. The shortest pathways can be used to find solutions to the current problems using Dijkstra’s algorithm. Based on the issue with the indoor navigation system, the shortest way and the best path are calculated. This is crucial to navigation systems since it can aid in making wise decisions and time-saving choices. The primary goal is to obtain the implementation at an affordable price. These applications and services are made available indoors, where the GPS does not function. The goal of indoor navigation is to direct users inside buildings. Dijkstra’s algorithm for locating objects and for moving along the shortest path in an indoor setting are examined in this work. Experimental results of indoor navigation systems were carried out on my organization’s indoor environment and verified the applicability of the presented Indoor Navigation System. The techniques provided include map digitization, locating a user, and choosing the shortest route. This is accomplished through a mobile application created for the Android operating system, and indoor navigation is carried out by using Dijkstra’s algorithm. The proposed method is implemented in our college academic block, and the experimental results show that our navigation method is feasible and effective. To verify the reliability of the algorithm, the proposed application fulfils the criteria of an indoor navigation system to produce the optimal route between two points when applied to a map of our college’s indoor terrain.
Design of Compact 2 × 2 Mimo Antenna for 5G Wireless Application
Authors: Pavithra R. , Thilagavathi S. , Sathiyapriya T. , Sudhakar R.
Published: April 2023

In this paper, a compact 2 X 2 MIMO antenna is proposed for 5G wireless applications. The proposed 2 X 2 MIMO antenna is designed using four compact circular monopole antennas which are optimized to operate from 3.6 to 57.7 GHz. The antenna structure consists of four orthogonal antenna elements of size 21 mm × 29 mm, which are spaced 1mm apart from each other. The antenna and the defective ground plane are placed on the same side of the substrate. It is demonstrated that MIMO system with 4- antennas produce very good isolation (>-20 dB) without using any additional isolating or decoupling techniques and antenna efficiency is also high. The antenna is simulated using CST Microwave Studio. The simulation results of the proposed MIMO antenna gives good radiation efficiency, Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC), improved bandwidth of 54.1 GHz, and optimum radiation characteristics. The proposed compact 2 X 2 MIMO antenna is suitable to operate under 5G wireless applications from 3.6 to 57.7 GHz. The applications of the proposed antenna also include broadcasting satellites, Modern radars, a 5GHz Wi-Fi channel, TV broadcasting satellites and microwave devices
Design of Dual-Band MIMO antenna for 5G applications
Authors: Premalatha G. , Prasannakumar M. , Jessintha D. , Sivagnanam S.
Published: April 2023

MIMO antenna are widely used in many areas for the great reception of signals. In transport industry for the development of automation and for the advancement they required efficient and high gain antenna transceivers. In this paper, single-element dual band antenna is used for 5G Vehicle to Everything (5G-V2X) application but the design will be enhanced to six-element for full coverage, on analysing single element. Three antennas of same structure as specified in this paper are arranged in a single substrate as a shape of triangle of combining all three, and similar structure is made in another substrate such that both are separated by a strip like structure and arranging both substrates that both triangularly arranged substrate forming a hexagonal structure from the top view. These will increase the coverage over 360° surrounds these will increase the gain over 9dB at mm-Wave range.
Energy optimization mechanism using metastable-smart grid (MSSG)
Authors: Kannan S. , Pugazhendiran P. , Rishi Keshav N. , Arul deva A. , Suresh kumar K. , Ananth kumar T.
Published: April 2023

The Smart Grid model uses energy from renewable sources and utilities to manage energy in a way that ensures uninterrupted power supply for users. In order to operate independently from the main power grid, a DC micro grid is a small power system that generates and uses its own DC electricity. Solar panels, fuel cells, and wind turbines are the most typical power sources for DC micro grids, with batteries used to store any extra energy. The independence of the power grid is one feature of a DC micro grid that promotes increased lifetime. Building owners have more latitude to pursue their sustainability goals since they have control over the production, delivery, and consumption of power. Super-twisting provides a dependable method and an effective instrument for the control of uncertain nonlinear systems by addressing the basic flaws of conventional sliding mode control, notably large control effort and chattering. Fractional order controllers provide greater design freedom than conventional integer order controllers. The purpose of this work was to create a metastable-smart grid(MSSG) user end model that could dynamically manage and optimize energy produced by renewable energy sources and the utility to ensure that customers always have access to electricity. Controlling these many power sources using MSSG and delivering energy in accordance with each user’s unique power plan is the responsibility of the central control unit of the distribution grid. The supply is only switched to solar by the central control unit if a user’s power consumption falls below a predetermined threshold. Giving consumers with less purchasing power more clout as a result.
Design of Deep Multi-Scale CNN for Scene Deblurring
Authors: Pandey Aryan , Ananya B , Verma Vinayak , Rohith G
Published: April 2023

Dynamic Scene deblurring is a difficult low-level vision problem induced by camera shaking, object motion, and other causes. Since the blur movements of moving objects and the backdrop in dynamic scenarios are different, segmentation of the motion blur is necessary for deblurring each blur motion precisely. In contrast to this limiting assumption, we tackle the issue of deblurring broad dynamic images with many moving objects and camera motion in the current study. A multilayer convolutional neural network (CNN) based video image deblurring technique is suggested as a solution to the issue that inter-frame information and spatiotemporal are easily lost during restoration of a digital video/image that has become blurred. We use the multiscale CNN-built adaptive Laplacian regularisation term to the problem of restoring images from videos. First, we provide a new restoration model by mixing several regularises, in particular by combining NLM regularise with the multiscale CNN, to extract redundant information from video images’ self-similarity. We utilised a basic gradient descent technique to solve the model for restoring images from videos. The experimental findings demonstrate the effective deblurring effect and some noise resilience of our approach.
An approach to pseudocoloring of grey scale image using deep learning technique
Authors: Srivastava Kshitija , Gogia Saksham , Rohith G
Published: April 2023

Image pseudo colorization is the process of adding RGB colours to grayscale images to make them more appealing. Deep learning technology has made progress in the field of automatic colouring. In general, we divide automatic colouring methods into three groups based on where the colour information comes from: colouring based on what you already know and on reference pictures. The colouring method can meet the needs of most users, but there are some drawbacks. For example, users can’t colour different reference graphs for the different things in a picture. In order to solve this problem by recognising several objects and background regions in a picture and combine the final colouring results, the proposed method uses the deep learning approach that regional mixed colours be used more and the method be mastered by using deep learning. Qualitative results (visual perception) validate the effectiveness of pseudocolorisation which split into foreground colour based on a reference picture and background colour based on prior knowledge. Quantitative results such as Structural Similarity (SSIM), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Image Matching Error and Entropy validates the effectiveness of strong edge strength, visually appealing quality and retention of maximum information without disturbing quality of image.
A Deep Learning approach for fire object detection in Autonomous vehicles
Authors: Bishoyi Aum Shiva Rama , Goel Raghav , Batra Vansh , Jacob Kiran Thomas , Agarwal Shashwat , Sriram M , Abhijit Chunduru Sri , Rohith G
Published: April 2023

In recent years, object detection has emerged as a crucial component of many popular consumer applications, including video surveillance and security systems, mobile text recognition, etc. The potential for autonomous vehicles (AVs) to increase driver satisfaction and decrease fatalities and injuries in traffic accidents has attracted a lot of interest in recent years. Object detection is critical to autonomous driving infrastructure. Autonomous automobiles need precise environmental interpretation to drive safely. Locating and identifying these things in real time is a significant challenge, but deep learning-based object detectors play a crucial role in this endeavour. In this paper, a prototype of the autonomous vehicle controlled by a microcontroller for fire object detection is proposed. Localization of the fire object in a picture using the deep learning model is performed using the live video feed from the camera installed on the prototype remote-operated car. The gadget may also pick up on specifics and alert the user. Experimental findings showed that the suggested prototype with deep learning architecture recognised and alerted devastating fires with high speed and accuracy in diverse weather conditions—sunny or overcast, day or night.
YOLO Based Real Time Human Detection Using Deep Learning
Authors: Jaswanth Kumar Y M , Valarmathi P
Published: April 2023

Person identification which has been widely used in computer vision and one of the difficult applications employed in a variety of fields such autonomous vehicles, robots, security tracking, aiding visually impaired people, etc. As deep learning quickly developed, numerous algorithms strengthened the link between video analysis and visual comprehension. The goal of all these algorithms, regardless of how their network architectures operate, is to find many people inside a complicated image. The freedom of movement in an unknown environment is restricted by the absence of vision impairment, thus it is crucial to use modern technologies and teach them to assist blind people whenever necessary. We provide a system that will identify all potential daily multiple people and then prompt a voice to inform the user about both nearby and distant people.
Brain Disorders Identification by Machine Learning Classifiers
Authors: Venkataramanaiah B. , Sambath kumar K. , Giridhar Reddy K
Published: April 2023

Medical imaging like MRI and CT scan images are crucial for accurately diagnosing human brain disease. The traditional method for tumour analysis relies on the radiologist or physician visually inspecting the specimen, which can result in some incorrect classifications when a large number of MRI pictures need to be processed. An automated intelligent classification system is suggested that requires picture categorization in order to reduce human mistake rates. One of the illnesses that kills the majority of individuals worldwide is the brain tumour. If the tumour is accurately anticipated at an early stage, the likelihood that someone would survive can be increased. The human brain is studied using the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method to identify illnesses. In this project, Support Vector Machines (SVM)-based classification approaches are suggested and implemented to classify brain images; DWT will extract features from MRI images. The primary goal of this research is to provide a superior result, which is higher accuracy and reduced error rates for SVM-based MRI brain tumour prediction.
Risk-based versus storyline approaches for global warming impact assessment on basin-averaged extreme rainfall: a case study for Typhoon Hagibis in eastern Japan
Authors: Tanaka Tomohiro , Kawase Hiroaki , Imada Yukiko , Kawai Yuki , Watanabe Satoshi
Published: April 2023

Two methods exist to address the degree to which past extreme events and associated disasters will be intensified due to climate change: storyline approaches and risk-based approaches. However, the risk-based approach applied to weather similar to the target event (typhoons, a stationary weather front,…etc) becomes theoretically similar to the storyline approach. We examine this theory for the climate change impact of a real event, Typhoon Hagibis, which caused devastating flood damage to eastern Japan in 2019, while focusing on basin-averaged accumulated rainfall (BAAR) in major eastern river basins. A risk-based approach was conducted to determine the future change of BAAR by calculating the quantile change corresponding to Hagibis from the probability distribution of typhoon-induced events in a large ensemble climate simulation dataset database for Policy Decision-making for Future climate change (past, +2K and +4K future climates). A storyline approach for Typhoon Hagibis was realized using a pseudo global warming (PGW) experiment with a 5 km non-hydrostatic model. The projected BAAR in the two approaches were consistent for all target basins, supporting the robustness of the calculated changes in extreme catchment precipitation. This presents an important practical benefit: one can assess future climate change impact on a past symbolic event using either PGW experiments or large ensemble climate projections for the target weather.
Cropland and rooftops: the global undertapped potential for solar photovoltaics
Authors: Yeligeti Madhura , Hu Wenxuan , Scholz Yvonne , Stegen Ronald , von Krbek Kai
Published: April 2023

The utilization of cropland and rooftops for solar photovoltaics (PVs) installation holds significant potential for enhancing global renewable energy capacity with the advantage of dual land-use. This study focuses on estimating the global area suitable for agrivoltaics (PV over crops) and rooftop PVs by employing open-access data, existing literature and simple numerical methods in a high spatial resolution of 10 km × 10 km. For agrivoltaics, the suitability is assessed with a systematic literature review on crop-dependent feasibility and profitability, especially for 18 major crops of the world. For rooftop PV, a non-linear curve-fitting method is developed, using the urban land cover to calculate the PV-suitable built-up areas. This method is then verified by comparing the results with open-access building footprints. The spatially resolved suitability assessment unveils 4.64 million km2 of global PV-usable cropland corresponding to a geographic potential of about 217 Terawatts (TW) in an optimistic scenario and 0.21 million km2 of rooftop-PV suitable area accounting for about 30.5 TW maximum installable power capacity. The estimated suitable area offers a vast playground for energy system analysts to undertake techno-economic assessments, and for technology modellers and policy makers to promote PV implementation globally with the vision of net-zero emissions in the future.
Mycelium skins create flexible and sustainable electronics
Authors: Allen Michael
Published: April 2023

Physicists and materials scientists in Austria have shown that fungal mycelium skins can be used as substrates for electronic devices.
Form a big research group to be more productive
Authors: Hiscott Laura
Published: April 2023

A new study finds that, because faculty at leading universities are more likely to form large research groups, they are in turn more productive.
New map pinpoints galaxies across the entire universe
Authors: Banks Michael
Published: April 2023

Astronomers at Johns Hopkins University have produced a new map of the universe that spans the entire known cosmos with unprecedented accuracy.
The joy of connecting quantum black dots
Authors: Richards Mark
Published: April 2023

Mark Richards, an atmospheric physicist and senior teaching fellow at Imperial College London, explains why he founded the Blackett Lab Family – the UK’s first national network of Black physicists – in 2020.
An arbitrary-order fully discrete Stokes complex on general polyhedral meshes
Authors: Hanot Marien-Lorenzo
Published: April 2023

In this paper we present an arbitrary-order fully discrete Stokes complex on general polyhedral meshes. We enrich the fully discrete de Rham complex with the addition of a full gradient operator defined on vector fields and fitting into the complex. We show a complete set of results on the novelties of this complex: exactness properties, uniform Poincaré inequalities and primal and adjoint consistency. The Stokes complex is especially well suited for problem involving Jacobian, divergence and curl, like the Stokes problem or magnetohydrodynamic systems. The framework developed here eases the design and analysis of schemes for such problems. Schemes built that way are nonconforming and benefit from the exactness of the complex. We illustrate with the design and study of a scheme solving the Stokes equations and validate the convergence rates with various numerical tests.
Analyticity of positive semigroups is inherited under domination
Authors: Glück Jochen
Published: April 2023

For positive

C
0

C_0

-semigroups

S
S

and

T
T

on a Banach lattice such that

S
(
t
)
≤
T
(
t
)

S(t) \le T(t)

for all times

t
t

, we prove that analyticity of

T
T

implies analyticity of

S
S

. This answers an open problem posed by Arendt in 2004.

Our proof is based on a spectral theoretic argument: we apply spectral theory of positive operators to multiplication operators that are induced by

S
S

and

T
T

on a vector-valued function space.
On static manifolds satisfying an overdetermined Robin type condition on the boundary
Authors: Cruz Tiarlos , Nunes Ivaldo
Published: April 2023

In this work, we consider static manifolds

M
M

with nonempty boundary

∂
M

\partial M

. In this case, we suppose that the potential

V
V

also satisfies an overdetermined Robin type condition on

∂
M

\partial M

. We prove a rigidity theorem for the Euclidean closed unit ball

B
3

B^3

in

R

3

\mathbb {R}^3

. More precisely, we give a sharp upper bound for the area of the zero set

Σ
=

V

−
1

(
0
)

\Sigma =V^{-1}(0)

of the potential

V
V

, when

Σ
\Sigma

is connected and intersects

∂
M

\partial M

. We also consider the case where

Σ
=

V

−
1

(
0
)

\Sigma =V^{-1}(0)

does not intersect

∂
M

\partial M

.
Oxygen nanobubble water affects wound healing of fibroblast WI-38 cells
Authors: Sofyana Neng Tanty , Refli Redoyan , Takahashi Masayoshi , Sakamoto Kazuichi
Published: April 2023

This study investigated the usefulness of oxygen nanobubble water (O2NBW) for wound repair by analyzing its effect on the wound-healing process in human lung fibroblasts (WI-38 cells). The WI-38 cells were treated with 0%, 50%, and 100% O2NBW. The cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and wound healing following treatment were determined to elucidate the effects of O2NBW. Our findings revealed that O2NBW had no cytotoxic effects on WI-38 cells, but instead increased cell numbers. The production of ROS was inhibited in the presence of O2NBW. Further, O2NBW induced migration and wound closure in WI-38 cells. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of antioxidant enzymes and wound-healing-related genes were evaluated. The results demonstrated that O2NBW enhanced the expression levels of all representative genes. In conclusion, our findings suggest that O2NBW could affect ROS production and wound healing in WI-38 cells and genes associated with the antioxidant system and wound healing.
ULDC: Unsupervised Learning-Based Data Cleaning for Malicious Traffic With High Noise
Authors: Yuan Qingjun , Zhu Yuefei , Xiong Gang , Wang Yongjuan , Yu Wentao , Lu Bin , Gou Gaopeng
Published: April 2023

Since the traffic of novel attacks exceeds current knowledge, realistic traffic labeling methods are prone to mislabeling, which has a significant impact on machine learning-based intrusion detection systems. Data cleaning typically relies on the ability of supervised deep neural networks to learn correct knowledge. Under high noise conditions, noisy labels can affect a supervised network and render it ineffective. To clean traffic datasets under high noise conditions, we propose an unsupervised learning-based data cleaning framework (called ULDC) that does not rely on labels and powerful supervised networks, hence reducing the impact of noisy labels. ULDC evaluates the confidence of observed labels through the distribution and similarity of samples in low dimensions. Moreover, ULDC maximizes the retention of hard samples through adaptive intra-class threshold evaluation, preserving more hard samples for training and improving generalization. In evaluations of ULDC on the CIRA-CIC-DoHBrw-2020 dataset, the percentage of data correction reached more than 75% under high noise, which is better than that of the state-of-the-art methods. ULDC is applicable to traffic data cleaning in both traditional networks and novel networks such as the Internet of Things and mobile networks, and it has been validated on datasets including CIC-IDS-2017 and IoT-23.
NbThermo: a new thermostability database for nanobodies
Authors: Valdés-Tresanco Mario S , Valdés-Tresanco Mario E , Molina-Abad Esteban , Moreno Ernesto
Published: April 2023

We present NbThermo—a first-in-class database that collects melting temperatures (Tm), amino acid sequences and several other categories of useful data for hundreds of nanobodies (Nbs), compiled from an extensive literature search. This so-far unique database currently contains up-to-date, manually curated data for 564 Nbs. It represents a contribution to efforts aimed at developing new algorithms for reliable Tm prediction to assist Nb engineering for a wide range of applications of these unique biomolecules. Nbs from the two most common source organisms—llama and camel—show similar distributions of melting temperatures. A first exploratory research that takes advantage of this large data collection evidences that understanding the structural bases of Nb thermostability is a complex task, since there are no apparent differences in sequence patterns between the frameworks of Nbs with lower and higher melting temperatures, indicating that the highly variable loops play a relevant role in defining Nb thermostability.

Database URL https://valdes-tresanco-ms.github.io/NbThermo
Herbivore induced fruit volatiles guide the solitary tephritid endoparasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in selecting an oviposition substrate
Authors: Pagadala Damodaram Kamala Jayanthi , Parepely Saravan Kumar , Thimmappa Raghava , Vyas Meenal
Published: April 2023

Oviposition in a generalist parasitoid is a complex process that involves interactions among its host, host plant, and spatiotemporal environment. Our study was aimed at exploring the ability of a generalist parasitic wasp, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), in perceiving odor cues from its host insect [Oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel, Diptera: Tephritidae)] in infested mango fruits. A series of experiments involving behavioral and electrophysiological studies suggest that D. longicaudata is able to distinguish host infested fruit volatiles from uninfested. Additionally, we found that D. longicaudata can distinguish between high and low-level infestations using specific cues emanating from fruits. Coupled gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of infested mango fruit head space volatiles identified compounds such as ethyl butanoate, ethyl 3-hydroxybutyrate, β-myrcene, trans-β-ocimene, allo-ocimene, ethyl octanoate, ethyl-α-toulate, β-elemene, β-caryophyllene, humulene, caryophyllene oxide, ethyl dodecanoate, ethyl hexadecanoate, 2-furancarboxylic acid, 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone, and phenethyl alcohol emanated from three different host treatments with different levels of larval infestation which elicited antennal responses in D. longicaudata. We suggest that these cues might play a significant role in attracting D. longicaudata in the field.
Oxidative and genotoxic effect of piperazine on Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) hemolymph
Authors: Alkan Çağrı , Çelik Cihat , Büyükgüzel Kemal , Büyükgüzel Ender
Published: April 2023

Recently, there are many studies suggesting antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic agents as alternative chemicals to insecticides. In this study, the oxidative and genotoxic effect of Piperazine, a clinically important hexahydropyrazine anthelmintic, on Galleria mellonella L. hemolymph tissue by adding artificial diet were investigated. Galleria mellonella larvae were reared until 7th larval stage in artificial diet containing 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 g piperazine per 100 g of diet. Using hemolymph collected from 7th-instar larvae, the amount of lipid peroxidation final product malondialdehyde (MDA), protein oxidation product protein carbonyl (PCO), and detoxification enzymes glutathione S-transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (cyt P450) activity, comet assay were measured. According to the results obtained, when the piperazine high concentrations tested with the control group were compared, statistically significant differences were found in MDA, PCO content, cyt P450, GST activity, and comet assay in the hemolymph of the insect. While MDA content was 0.01 ± 0.0021 nmol/mg protein in the control group, this amount increased approximately 2-fold at the highest concentration (0.0231 ± 0.0050 nmol/mg protein). On the other hand, when the control group and the highest piperazine concentration were compared in the GST and cyt P450 activity, it was determined that there was a statistically significant increase. We obtained similar results in comet assay and micronucleus formation data. This study showed that the tested piperazine concentrations caused significant changes in the detoxification capacity, oxidative stress, and genotoxic markers in the insect’s hemolymph tissue.
A handsewn pericardial valved pulmonary conduit: pulsatile flow loop in vitro and acute porcine in vivo evaluation
Authors: Carlson Hanse Lisa , Tjørnild Marcell Juan , Karunanithi Zarmiga , Jedrzejczyk Johannes Høgfeldt , Islamagič Lejla , Hummelshøj Nynne Emilie , Enevoldsen Malene , Johansen Peter , Lauridsen Mette Høj , Hjortdal Vibeke Elisabeth
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVES

Right ventricle to pulmonary artery anatomic discontinuity is common in complex congenital heart malformations. Handsewn conduits are a practised method of repair. In a proof-of-concept study, we evaluated pulmonary valve replacement with a handsewn pericardial valved pulmonary conduit in vitro and in vivo.

METHODS

A pulsatile flow-loop model (in vitro) and an acute 60-kg porcine model (in vivo) were used. With echocardiography and pressure catheters, baseline geometry and fluid dynamics were measured. The pulmonary valve was replaced with a handsewn glutaraldehyde-treated pericardial valved pulmonary conduit corresponding to a 21-mm prosthetic valve, after which geometric measurements and fluid dynamics were reassessed.

RESULTS

In vitro, 15 pulmonary trunks at 4 l/min and 13 trunks at 7 l/min, and in vivo, 11 animals were investigated. The valved pulmonary conduit was straightforward to produce at the operating table and easy to suture in place. All valves were clinically sufficient in vitro and in vivo. The mean transvalvular pressure gradient in the native valve and the conduit was 8 mmHg [standard deviation (SD): 2] and 7 mmHg (SD: 2) at 4 l/min in vitro, 19 mmHg (SD: 3) and 17 mmHg (SD: 4) at 7 l/min in vitro and 3 mmHg (SD: 2) and 6 mmHg (SD: 3) in vivo.

CONCLUSIONS

Our proof-of-concept demonstrates no early evidence of structural damage to the conduit, and the fluid dynamic data were acceptable. The handsewn conduit can be produced at the operating table.
Decolonizing ELT methods through critical thematic units
Authors: López-Gopar Mario E , Sughrua William M
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this paper is to resist the ‘colonial’ status of ELT by discussing our attempts to decolonize ELT methods through critical thematic units (CTUs), co-developed and applied by Mexican student-teachers working with children in Oaxaca, Mexico. Understanding that epistemologies (knowledge) and in consequence language methods are provincial, historically situated, and embodied in children’s ontologies and material lives, our CTUs start by questioning ‘why’ English should be brought into children’s lives and then continue by analysing ‘what’ social purposes ELT could accomplish with children, with a focus on important themes in their lives (e.g. water shortage, nutrition, and health). With these CTUs, which adopt a heteroglossic and multimodal view of language, teachers and children coauthor multimodal and multilingual identity texts serving as pedagogic and assessment spaces where language is both learned and used to negotiate affirming identities for both teachers and children. To exemplify these decolonizing attempts, the present article walks the readers through the components and implementation of one CTU focused on ‘eating habits in connection to health issues’, carried out by two student-teachers. The article will thus articulate how our CTUs are different from what are considered ‘methods’ in ELT, as they are epistemologically and socially situated.
Impacts of the Small-Tract Forestland Tax Program on Forestland Use in Oregon
Authors: Rossi David , Rushakoff Ben , Kuusela Olli-Pekka
Published: April 2023

Preferential tax programs for forest landowners are used to achieve land use–related environmental and social objectives. Nonindustrial landowners are likely to own forests near development boundaries, which may lead to a higher likelihood of land conversion from forests to alternative uses. This article answers the question of how preferential tax programs for small-tract forestland (STF) owners have influenced the conversion of forested lands in Oregon since 2005. We find that a 10% increase in STF program participation within a county (as measured by acreage enrolled) can lead to a conversion of 127 ac from wildland forest to mixed forest/agriculture since the prior forest inventory period. Compared with the default “Forestland” tax program, participation in the alternative STF tax program has had a smaller and statistically weaker effect on the number of acres converted to low-density residential use. However, hypothetical elimination of the STF tax program would increase enrollment in the default Forestland tax program, which was measured to have a greater effect on the conversion of wildland forest to low-density residential land. Hence, the results overall provide evidence that the STF program has achieved its objective of mitigating development pressures and reducing conversion of forestland to nonforest uses.
Enabling the Right to Liberty of the Person in Aged Care Homes
Authors: Kesby Alison
Published: April 2023

This article examines the enjoyment of the right to liberty of residents of aged care homes, with a particular focus on those living with cognitive disability (most notably, dementia), and the tension between upholding a person’s autonomy and protecting them and others from harm. The analysis approaches this potential tension from two perspectives: firstly, by examining and evaluating different legal conceptions of the right to liberty of the person, and secondly, by examining the conditions and related rights, which enable the enjoyment of the right to liberty by aged care residents living with cognitive disability, including the right to autonomy and the right to long-term quality care. It is argued that a relational approach to autonomy is required, which places the enjoyment of the right to liberty within the broader context of an autonomy-enabling environment. Interrogating what we mean by ‘autonomy’ and ‘care’ may facilitate the enjoyment of the right to liberty for those most vulnerable in residential care.