bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and Evaluation of Gallic Acid-encapsulated Curdlan Gum Nanoparticles for Effective Treatment of Breast Cancer
Authors: Pandi Ezhilarasi , Proskhan Bazeera Ferdhous , Kunjiappan Selvaraj , Sundar Krishnan , Balakrishnan Vanavil
Published: October 2023

Curdlan gum (CG) is a β-(1→3)-linked glucan insoluble exopolysaccharide produced by marine bacteriaEnterobacter cloacaesubsp.dissolvensRSW2n. In this study, CG was used to fabricate gallic acid-encapsulated curdlan gum nanoparticles (GA-CG NPs) for effectively delivering the drug into breast cancer cells (MCF-7) using glutaraldehyde as the crosslinking agent and a modified desolvation method was adopted. The fabricated GA-CG NPs were characterized by UV-visible spectra, FT-IR, XRD, particle size analyzer and HR-TEM. The stability of GA-CG NPs was evaluated at various pH and simulated body fluids.In vitrodrug release and its kinetics were examined through the dissolution mechanism using mathematical prediction models. The antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of GA-CG NPs were evaluated throughin vitroassays. The IC50of GA-CG NPs against MCF-7 cells was found to be 16.75 µg × mL− 1. The induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 cells was confirmed through flow cytometry. Nuclei condensation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and deformed cell membranes were visualized by staining. Curdlan gum effectively controls the release of gallic acid as the gel matrix slowly degrades and releases the encapsulated gallic acid. Hence, the curdlan gum produced byE. cloacaecould be considered as promising candidate for drug delivery application for degenerative disorder.
Comparison of reconstruction of lateral femoral wall or not to operative effect of femoral intertrochanteric fracture treated with PFNA
Authors: Xia Guofeng , Li Xiaoliang , Tao Chunsheng , Liu Qi , Sun Peifeng
Published: October 2023

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of PFNA combined with locking reconstruction plate and PFNA for femoral intertrochanteric fractures of lateral wall fractue.
Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 50 patients who received PFNA for femoral intertrochanteric fractures complicated with lateral wall fractures in our department from January 2017 to December 2021. According to the preoperative doctor-patient communication, 26 patients underwent PFNA and lateral wall reconstruction with a locking plate (group A), while the other 24 patients received PFNA alone (group B). The perioperative period, follow-up and imaging data of the two groups were compared.
Results All the patients were operated on smoothly without nerve and vascular injury. Although there were no significant differences in operation time, intraoperative blood loss, total incision length, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, success rate of the first nail placement, screw blade length, incision healing grade and hospital stay between the two groups (P>0.05), the group A resumed ambulation significantly earlier than the group B [((14.01±1.62) days vs (18.83±2.94) days, P< 0.05]. All patients in both groups were followed up for an average of (23.98±4.41) months, and the reconstruction group returned to full weight- bearing activity significantly earlier than the non-reconstructed group [(13.46±3.51) weeks vs (16.5±3.02) weeks, P<0.05]. The Harris score, hip extension-flexion range of motion (ROM) and adduction- abduction ROM significantly increased in both groups with postoperative time (P<0.05), which in the group A proved significantly better than those in group B at all time points accordingly (P<0.05). Radiologically, there was no significant difference in reduction quality between the two groups (P>0.05). At the last follow- up, the group A was also significantly superior to the group B in terms of neck-shaft angle (NSA) [(127.54±2.76)° vs (125.79±1.44)°, P<0.05] and extent of femoral head-neck shortening [(4.06±0.70) mm vs (5.04± 0.62) mm, P<0.05].
Conclusion The lateral wall reconstruction in PFNA fixation of femoral intertrochanteric fractures does enhance the stability of fixation, facilitate the functional recovery of hip joint and reduce complications in this study.
Phytochemical Composition, Antimicrobial, Anticancer Properties and Molecular Docking Profiles of Tragopogon coelesyriacus Boiss. Extracts
Authors: Unver Tuba , Uzuner Ugur , Celik-Uzuner Selcen , Gurhan Ismet , Sivri Nur Sena , Ozdemir Zeynep
Published: October 2023

Tragopogon coelesyriacus is a biennial herbaceous plant of the Asteraceae family that grows mainly in Europe and Asia and is consumed as a vegetable in Turkey. This study aimed to obtain methanol and water extracts from aerial parts (stem, leaf, and flower) of the T. coelesyriacus to determine its phenolic compounds and subsequently to determine the antimicrobial and anticancer activities of T. coelesyriacus extracts as well as in silico molecular docking profiles for targets. T. coelesyriacus methanol extract had a higher inhibitory effect against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumonia (MIC: 0.83, 1.67 and 1.67 mg/mL, respectively) than E. coli and E. aerogenes (MIC: 53.3 mg/mL). Antifungal activity was observed against all Candida species, with the highest inhibition against C. krusei (MIC: 0.83 mg/mL). In contrast, T. coelesyriacus water extract had no inhibitory effect. Furthermore, both extracts of T. coelesyriacus showed a significant cytotoxic effect on AR42J pancreatic cancer cells. However, HeLa cervical and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were more resistant to the cytotoxic effect of methanol and water extract, respectively. In silico analyses showed the inhibitory effects of Keracyanin chloride within the extracts on S. aureus MurB protein and the remarkable inhibitory potential of the Naringin molecule on FYN kinase protein regarding AR42J pancreatic cells. This study is the first in vitro and in silico analysis to show T. coelesyriacus antimicrobial and anticancer effects along with molecular docking profiles, and it suggests that T. coelesyriacus can be used as a potent pharmacological and therapeutic-protective agent.
Tracing the maternal lineage of Sus scrofa in Northern India and its correlation with ancient human migration patterns
Authors: Sahu Khusbu , Gupta Sandeep Kumar
Published: October 2023

We aimed to explore the distribution and variation of porcine mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages in northern India. The mtDNA control region (417 bp) was sequenced from 83 domestic pigs from three North Indian states. The 18 haplotypes that were obtained were compared with 1518 published mtDNA control region sequences of Sus scrofa from various regions across the world. The analysis revealed complex clustering patterns of porcine haplotypes with distinct phylogeographic signals. The study unveiled diverse maternal lineages among the domestic pig populations in northern Indian states situated in the foothills of the majestic Himalayas. Additionally, the study identified the presence of two distinct subspecies of wild boar in India (W1 and W2), demonstrating their migration routes and offering a strong phylogeographic signal. Evidence for a separate domestication center in the Himalayan foothills and Indian sub-continent was found within Mixed Clade 5 (MC5). A novel clade (MC4) with a localized distribution in the Chotanagpur plateau was detected, suggesting a unique population of wild boar in this region. Diverse maternal lineages among domestic pigs were observed, which may reflect human-mediated dispersal of pigs within and into the region; hence, a hypothesis linking ancient human migration with the presence of these maternal lineage clades has been proposed. Overall, the porcine haplotypes discovered in the Indian subcontinent highlight its unique and significant contribution to genetic resources.
Optimization of the computational domain for EHL point contacts
Authors: higashitani yuko , Kawabata Sanemasa , Björling Marcus , Almqvist Andreas
Published: October 2023

Many investigations of the oil film thickness and friction in the EHL point contact under starved and flooded conditions are conducted. However, in these investigations the lubrication regions are limited and there is a lack of numerical investigations on the lubrication performance, which considers the transition regions between the lubrication regimes. To ensure accurate calculations that encompass the transition between the lubrication regime in the EHL point contact, we propose a normalization method for the optimized computational domain which is not based on the Hertzian radius. Furthermore, the outlet side is defined to satisfy continuity conditions, including cavitation, at the exit boundary. Hence, employing the proposed normalization method can help to improve the accuracy and reliability of the numerical analysis of machine assemblies including rolling-sliding parts, which operate under EHL conditions. This is foreseen to lead to better design of these assemblies, potentially improving their lifespan and efficiency.
Effects of Rootstock and Location on Open Field ‘BHN 589’ and ‘Nebraska Wedding’ Grafted Tomato Yield
Authors: Shonerd Raihanah H. , Thompson Ashley A. , Wortman Sam E.
Published: October 2023

Grafted tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production is popular, particularly in high tunnels, because grafted plants can mitigate soilborne disease incidence in highly infested soils and increase water and nutrient use efficiency and crop yield and quality. However, these potential benefits are not as well documented in open field production systems with less disease pressure. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of tomato grafting on fruit yield, number, and size across 2 years (2018 and 2019) and three diverse open-field production environments in Nebraska (Lincoln, North Platte, and Dwight). At each location, a scion from one of two determinant fresh market tomatoes, ‘Nebraska Wedding’ (heirloom) or ‘BHN 589’ (commercial hybrid), were grafted onto one of two rootstocks, ‘Estamino’ and ‘Maxifort,’ and the nongrafted scion cultivars were controls. In year 2, a fertilizer treatment was introduced (0 and 50 kg·ha−1 N). Ripe tomatoes were harvested weekly, sorted as marketable or cull, counted, and weighed fresh. No marketable or total yield benefits of grafting were observed in 2018 for any scion by rootstock combination across locations. Marketable yield of grafted plants was reduced by 32% in Lincoln. However, grafted ‘Nebraska Wedding’ plants (regardless of rootstock) in North Platte (with coarse-textured, lower organic matter soil) increased fruit number (but not yield) by 50% to 63%. In 2019, grafting ‘BHN 589’ to ‘Maxifort’ increased total tomato yield by 24% across all locations. The heirloom variety Nebraska Wedding did not benefit from grafting in 2019. ‘Estamino’ rootstock did not increase tomato yield, number, or size for either scion variety in either year. Nitrogen fertilizer increased yield as expected in 2019, but grafted plants did not perform better than nongrafted under reduced nitrogen fertility. Results from this study suggest that grafting is not consistently beneficial to ‘BHN 589’ and ‘Nebraska Wedding’ in open field production systems in Nebraska, particularly if there are no known soilborne disease issues.
The relevance of the development of food products enriched with trace elements for diet therapy in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Yashin A. N. , Petrov A. N.
Published: October 2023

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain to be the leading cause of death in the whole world. The structure of nutrition of the population and diet therapy are extremely important factors for prevention and treatment of CVDs. Results of the scientific research obtained over the last decade give new data on the role of certain micronutrients in the physiological processes and pathogenesis of these groups of diseases. The aim of this research was to study the current role of certain trace elements (magnesium, zinc and copper) in the pathogenesis of diseases, including assessment of the level of their intake in different countries. Furthermore, the review considers the necessity of creating new functional products to use in diet therapy for patients with cardiovascular diseases. It includes publications in Russian and English for the period of 2011 to 2022 from open databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, CyberLeninka, eLIBRARY as well as from open Internet sources. The research work carried out during preparation of this review was directed to studying the sphere of CVD prevention, role and relevance of the development of functional foods enriched with micronutrients. The data on the dysfunctions of the human body caused by the deficiency of zinc, copper and magnesium intake are presented. The current physiological daily norms for intake of these trace elements in different countries are given, and the dynamics of changes in the norms of intake over the last twenty years is shown. The review summarizes new data on the correlation between the risk of emergence of certain CVD types and the specific features of assimilation of the above-mentioned trace elements. The regulatory conditions acting on the RF territory for introducing trace elements into food products are analyzed. Based on the obtained results, conclusions were made regarding the relevance of the further development of functional foods that do not require changes in the traditional food behavior model.
Possibility of using natural cheeses for pizza production
Authors: Sviridenko G. M. , Shishkina A. N. , Kalabushkin V. V.
Published: October 2023

The paper presents the results of studying sensory, physico-chemical, structural-mechanical (rheological) and biochemical indicators as well as functional properties of natural cheeses of various type groups for a possibility of using as a main raw material to produce pizza. Cheeses were produced in the research-and-development shop of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Butter- and Cheesemaking (VNIIMS) and purchased in the retail chain. Sensory indicators (taste and odor, consistency, appearance) and functional properties (shreddability, meltability, blistering, free oil release, browning, stretchability) of cheeses from various groups were assessed by 100-point scale for assessing cheeses for pizza developed in VNIIMS. Shreddability was determined before baking by grinding a cheese sample chilled to a temperature of 4 ± 2 °C using a kitchen food grinder. Cheeses were baked at a temperature of 200 ± 5 °C for 12 min. Meltability was determined by changes in the cheese diameter after high-temperature treatment and stretchability by the “fork test”. It has been found that physico-chemical, structural-mechanical and biochemical indicators of cheeses used as a raw material affected sensory characteristics and functional properties of the final product after baking. The correlation between the fat content, protein mass fraction and active acidity of cheeses and functional properties such as meltability, free oil release, stretchability and shreddability was confirmed with statistical significance. The highest correlation was noted between shreddability, mass fraction of total protein and consistency (correlation coefficients were 0.74 and 0.76, respectively). However, none of the studied cheese types corresponded to the full extent to the targeted functional properties. To produce pizza, it is preferable to use cheeses with cheddaring and thermal-mechanical processing of cheese mass as well as unripened semihard cheeses with low temperature of the second heating that are molded from a layer, and semihard cheeses with high temperature of the second heating.
AN EXPLORATORY LITERATURE REVIEW OF MARRIAGE COURSE & DIVORCE IN MALAYSIA: AN APERTURE TO FUTURE STUDIES
Authors:   Senior Lecturer, Kulliyyah of Shariah & Law, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah (UniSHAMS), 09300, Kuala Ketil, Kedah, Malaysia., Abu Bakar Marina , Ramadan Mohamed Ahmed Ahmed ,   Senior Lecturer, Kulliyyah of Shariah & Law, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah (UniSHAMS), 09300, Kuala Ketil, Kedah, Malaysia., Aboumelih Mohamed Soliman Ragab ,   Associate Prof. Dr., Kulliyyah of Shariah & Law, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah (UniSHAMS), 09300, Kuala Ketil, Kedah, Malaysia., Gomaa Gomaa Zaghloul Saad ,   Senior Lecturer, Kulliyyah of Shariah & Law, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah (UniSHAMS), 09300, Kuala Ketil, Kedah, Malaysia., Mustakim Abd Halim Muhamad ,   Lecturer, Kulliyyah of Shariah & Law, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah (UniSHAMS), 09300, Kuala Ketil, Kedah, Malaysia.
Published: October 2023

Marriage Course or Pre-Marriage Course is an expression that we often hear before every bride-to-be step into the wedding gate. The marriage course is a mandatory course that must be attended by every Muslim couple before establishing a legal marriage in Malaysia. Marriage course is usually held for two days and aims to provide fruitful information to future husbands and wives before both of them enter into marriage, so that they are well-prepared later. Although this course has been made mandatory for Muslim couples in Malaysia, there are still many married couples who get divorced after sailing through the world of marriage. A few parties also blamed the marriage course provider and linked it as one of the factors of divorce among Muslim couples. Hence, studies related to the marriage course and divorce among Muslim couples are critical to be studied further in Malaysia. This study aims to explore the trend of literatures related to marriage course and divorce in Malaysia. This study is a qualitative design by nature. The researchers have collected the data via library research method and analyzed the data using content analysis technique. The result of the study proves that there are many studies that have been carried out related to marriage course and divorce among Muslim couples in Malaysia, but yet, all of these studies are more concerned about Islamic legal aspects, court procedures, psychology, counseling, fatwas as well as causes and consequences of divorce. Not many studies have been carried out related to marriage course and divorce involving quantitative research design with various demographics of respondents on a large scale which give more effective impacts and solutions at the Malaysian level.
IMPACT OF HEAT TREATMENT METHOD AND MILLET POD TYPE ON REAL DENSITY AND POZZOLANIC ACTIVITY INDEX BY ASH RESISTANCE
Authors:   Laboratory of Energetics and Applied Mechanics (LEMA)., Ayadji Jacques , K. Doko Valery ,   Laboratory of Energetics and Applied Mechanics (LEMA)., Ganmavo Boris ,   Laboratory of Energetics and Applied Mechanics (LEMA)., Godonou Theodora ,   Laboratory of Energetics and Applied Mechanics (LEMA)., Vianou Antoine ,   Laboratory of Energetics and Applied Mechanics (LEMA).
Published: October 2023

Artificial pozzolans derived from agricultural by-products are generally obtained by heat treatment. The thermal treatment method used and the type of waste influence the quality of the final product. The aim of this study was to measure the actual density and pozzolanic activity index of millet pod ash produced in three different ways. Ash A is produced by direct calcination of the husks from which the millet seeds are removed (without the stalk). Ash B is obtained by burning and then calcining the millet husks. Ash C is produced by direct calcination of the millet straw (husks + stalks). The actual density was determined in accordance with standard NF EN 1097-6. The pozzolanic activity index by resistance was measured on the basis of the recommendations of American standard ASTM-C618. For the ashes A, B and C produced, we respectively obtained true densities of 2.256 g/cm3 2.150 g/cm3 and 2.033 g/cm3. The pozzolanic activity indices per strength obtained were 0.42, 0.23 and 0.70 respectively. These results showed that the ash produced from direct calcination of raw millet waste (straw) had the best reactivity and the lowest density. It is therefore well suited to the production of low-density cementitious matrix composites.
IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA - AN OVERVIEW
Authors:   Professor & Principal, CMR College of Pharmacy, Kandlakoya, Medchal, Telangana, India., Rama Rao T. , Pratiksha B. ,   Department of Pharm. D, CMR College of Pharmacy, Kandlokoya, Medchal, Telangana, India., Navyasri C. ,   Department of Pharm. D, CMR College of Pharmacy, Kandlokoya, Medchal, Telangana, India., Jyoti Kalita DWIP ,   Department of Pharm. D, CMR College of Pharmacy, Kandlokoya, Medchal, Telangana, India., Alam Shahzad ,   Department of Pharm. D, CMR College of Pharmacy, Kandlokoya, Medchal, Telangana, India.
Published: October 2023

The most common nutritional issue worldwide, particularly in underdeveloped nations, is iron deficiency. Pregnant women, newborns, young children, and adolescents have particularly high needs since they are at a higher risk of iron deficiency. Low dietary iron bioavailability is a major contributor to iron insufficiency in underdeveloped nations. The effects of iron deficiency are numerous and severe, having an impact not only on an individuals health but also on the growth of civilizations and nations. Coordinating several approaches is necessary for the prevention and treatment of anemia and iron deficiency in all populations with varying needs for iron. The most prevalent type of anemia in the world is iron deficiency anemia and the most frequent cause of iron deficiency anemia in men and postmenopausal women is blood loss from gastrointestinal tract lesions. Iron deficiency anemia is brought on by either iron malabsorption or blood loss. Individualized treatment plans may be necessary for certain patient populations, including premenopausal women, people with low-normal ferritin levels, and people with iron deficiency but not anemia. Despite normal endoscopies returning negative results, a tiny percentage of patients nevertheless develop recurrent or persistent iron deficiency anemia. Patients must get intravenous iron because oral iron is ineffective in treating anemia. The response to iron supplementation by parenteral route varies but typically causes Hb levels to rise over time compared to people with acquired iron deficiency, the anemia is only partially corrected, and the process is more slower. Additionally, microcytosis persists, Hb levels rarely return to normal, and transferrin saturation is still below the ideal range. Contrarily, serum ferritin rises after iron injections, albeit in a dose-dependent way.
CLINICAL UTILITY OF URINE NEUTROPHIL GELATINASE-ASSOCIATED LIPOCALIN (UNGAL) AS A MARKER IN DISCRIMINATION OF SEPTIC VERSUS NON-SEPTIC ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY
Authors:   Chief Consultant, Dept. of Nephrology, Aster Ramesh Hospital, Ongole, Andhra Pradesh, India., Reddy Sunkara DM Sridhar , Pakki Reddy PL DM Venkata ,   Assistant Professor, Dept. of Nephrology, Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India., Krishna Penmatcha DM Thejo ,   Consultant Nephrologist, Medical Specialities Hospital, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India., Kumar Kolla DM Praveen ,   Professor & Head, Dept. of Nephrology, Narayana Medical College, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India., K. MD Ramalingam ,   Professor, Dept. of Biochemistry, Narayana Medical College, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Published: October 2023

Background & Aim:This study was aimed to determine whether there are unique patterns to urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) in septic compared with non-septic acute kidney injury (AKI)and also to evaluate whether uNGAL could discriminate between septic and non-septic AKI. Materials& Methods:This prospective observational study screened critically ill AKI patientsand evaluated them for presenting complaints, and on evaluation, those who satisfied Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria were taken up for study. Those patients with evidence of infection and positive for at least two criteria for SIRS are taken up as cases (n=30) and the rest as controls (n=30). All the patients were serially monitored for urine output, renal parameters, urine NGAL, APACHE II score and SOFA score. Patient urine was collected immediately after admission, followed by 12h, 24 h & 48 h for measuring uNGAL. Results:Mean change in uNGAL(ng/ml) at 12h, 24h and 48h was 12.5Â±5, 20.5Â±6.7 and 29.3Â±10.2 respectively in septic AKI and was 0.9Â±6.1, 0.9Â±6.3 and 0.1Â±6.1 respectively in non-septic AKI. Within the group, the analysis showed statistically high significance (p-value<0.0001) in septic AKI but not in the non-septic AKI group (p-value=0.97). On evaluating between-group analyses, we found a significantly high difference of NGAL in septic AKI at 12h, 24h and 48h compared to non-septic AKI(p-value<0.0001). Conclusions:Septic AKI patients have higher detectable uNGAL than non-septic AKI patients. These differences in uNGAL values in septic AKI may have diagnostic and clinical relevance and pathogenetic implications.
INFLUENCE OF THE ARLIT FLEXURE FAULT ON THE GEOMETRY OF THE TARAT AQUIFER: ARLIT SECTOR, TIM MERSOI BASIN, WESTERN OF THE AIR MASSIF (NORTH, NIGER)
Authors:   Department of Geology, Faculty of Science and Techniques, Agadez University, Agadez, Niger., Alhassane Illias , Babaye Maman Sani Abdou ,   Department of Geology, UMR SERMUG, Faculty of Science and Techniques, Dan DickoDankoulodo University, Maradi, Niger., Ibrahim Wagani ,   Department of Geology, UMR SERMUG, Faculty of Science and Techniques, Dan DickoDankoulodo University, Maradi, Niger.
Published: October 2023

Since 1968, the Tarat aquifer has ensured the need for industrial water and the supply of water to the population (AEP), since the installation of the city of Arlit. The high pressure exerted on this aquifer has caused a continuous decline in the level of this aquifer considered as fossil. The present study aims to provide a better knowledge of the geometry of the Tarat aquifer. A methodological approach based on the analysis and processing of data from mining boreholes and logging revealed that the Tarat aquifer compartmentalized into two zones: a collapsed area east of the Arlit fault, and another raised to the west associated with significant variations in the thickness of the water table in the Arlit area.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF EFFECT OF 0.2% CHITOSAN, COMBINATION OF 5.25% SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE (NAOCL) AND 17% ETHYLENE DIAMINE TETRAACETIC ACID (EDTA) AS FINAL IRRIGANTS ON PUSH-OUT BOND STRENGTH OF MTA FILLAPEX-AN IN VITRO STUDY
Authors:   Master of Dental Surgery (MDS) in Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics., T.N Aishwarya , V. Hiremath Neel ,   Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India., Kumar N.M Dhanya ,   Professor and Head, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India.
Published: October 2023

Context:The push-out bond strength of a sealer depends on removal of smear layer and its adhesion to dentin. This can be achieved by using potential final irrigants. Aim:To evaluate and compare effect of 0.2% chitosan and 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCL) followed by 17% ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the push-out bond strength of MTA Fillapex. Methods and Material:45 single rooted mandibular premolar teeth divided into three groups where final irrigation was done using Group 1 - 0.2% Chitosan for 1 minute Group 2 - 5.25% NaOCL followed by 17%EDTA for 1 minute Control group â€“ 0.9% saline. Obturation was done using MTA Fillapex sealer and cold lateral compaction technique. Two horizontal sections of each sample were tested using universal testing machine for push-out bond strength. Statistical analysis used: Data was assessed using one way ANOVA with Tukeys post-hoc analysis. Results:The results showed that both in coronal and middle third, irrigation with 0.2% chitosan showed higher push-out bond strength. In intra-group comparison, coronal third showed highest pushout bond strength compared to middle third. Conclusion:0.2% chitosan can be used as an alternative to NaOCL and EDTA as it effectively removes the smear layer without causing erosionof intra-radicular dentin.
STUDY OF COOKING PARAMETERS ON THE DEGRADATION OF ASCORBIC ACID CONTAINED IN GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES PRODUCED AND CONSUMED IN THE KARA REGION-TOGO
Authors:   Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Sciences de lEnvironnement (LaCOSE), Faculte des Sciences et Techniques, Universite de Kara, BP 404, Togo., Moustakimou SIBABI , Marie-France Nini BAKAI ,   Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Sciences de lEnvironnement (LaCOSE), Faculte des Sciences et Techniques, Universite de Kara, BP 404, Togo., MANDE Seyf-Laye ALFA-SIKA ,   Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Sciences de lEnvironnement (LaCOSE), Faculte des Sciences et Techniques, Universite de Kara, BP 404, Togo.
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study is to quantify the content and investigate the effects of cooking temperature and time on the variability of vitamin C content in six green leafy vegetables: Solanum macrocarpon, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Octimum gratissimum, Vernonia amygdalina, Adansonia digitata and Corchorus olitotius. Two methods were used to determine the vitamin C contents of the samples processed by blanching and boiling at different cooking times. With the iodometric method, Hibiscus sabdarifa (0.5368 mg/g) and Adansonia digitata (0.5016mg/g) have the highest vitamin C contents, while Octimum gratissimum has the lowest concentration of 0.1760 mg/g. The results of quantification obtained by the spectrophotometric method present practically the same results as those of the iodometric method with as light decrease of 0.0242 mg/g for Hibiscus sabdarifa and an increase of 0.0147 mg/g for Adansonia digitata. The results of the study of the effect of temperature and cooking time, whatever the method, showed with the blanching, a loss of rate of 30,21% in vitamin C for Hibiscus sabdarifa and Solanum macrocarpon a loss of rate of 4,25%. The degradations were more considerable during the boiling of 15 min with maximum losses in the order of 79,05% for the leaves of baobab boiled and 45,24% respectively for Adansonia digitata and Solanum macrocarpon.
PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES FOR NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASESIN UNANI MEDICINE: A REVIEW
Authors:   PG Scholar, Dept. of TahaffuziwaSamaji Tib, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bengaluru. - 560091., Saira Banu Syeda , M.K Sherwani Arish ,   Head and Professor, Dept. of TahaffuziwaSamaji Tib, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bengaluru. - 560091., Parveen Nisha ,   PG Scholar, Dept. of TahaffuziwaSamaji Tib, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bengaluru. - 560091., Musthaq M.N.M ,   PG Scholar, Dept. of TahaffuziwaSamaji Tib, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bengaluru. - 560091., H. Mushki Iftikhar ,   PG Scholar, Dept. of TahaffuziwaSamaji Tib, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bengaluru. - 560091., a Ismat ,   PG Scholar, Dept. of TahaffuziwaSamaji Tib, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bengaluru. - 560091.
Published: October 2023

Non-communicable diseases are medical conditions that are associated with long durations and slow progress.Non-communicable diseases encompass a vast group of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases. Non-communicable diseases constitute the leading cause of mortality globally, accounting for 70% of deaths worldwide. Unani System of Medicineprovides a paradigm shift from the curative approach of conventional biomedicine to an approach in which preservation of health and prevention of disease is central.The different levels of prevention incorporated in Unani Medicine noted were, the á¸¤ifáº“-i-á¹¢iá¸¥á¸¥atMutlaq (Preservation of Health) that targets a healthy population in the form of proper dietary management, regimens, and lifestyle modification through moderation and modification.Hifzâ€‘maâ€‘Taqaddam (Measures for disease prevention) targets susceptible populations or apparently healthy individuals by identifying the early stage of disease through its precursors and starting preventive care at this stage of the disease that would halt its further progression.The present study is to review the effectiveness of strategies mentioned in Unani medicine in the management of non-communicablediseases and the impact of AsbÄb Sitta á¸ŒarÅ«riyya on individuals health so that we can make lifestyle decisions for an individual.There is a global authoritative to create and implement effective prevention strategies because the future costs of diagnosis and treatment are likely to be exorbitant. Unani medicine has got a comprehensive plan to prevent chronic diseases.
EXPLORING ADMINISTRATIVE ISSUES OF PRINCIPALS IN HIGHER EDUCATION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE COLLEGES IN NAGALAND
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Education, Assam Don Bosco University., Longkumer Oshyajem , Sur Roy Tania ,   Head and Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Assam Don Bosco University.
Published: October 2023

The educational framework of higher education in Nagaland, India, encompasses both Government and Private colleges of higher learning, with each institution serving as a crucial component of the states educational infrastructure. This abstract presents a comprehensive examination of a comparative study that seeks to investigate the administrative issues encountered by Principals in Government and Private colleges in Nagaland. The research study utilizes a descriptive cum normative survey approach, incorporating surveysas data collection methods to gather information from Principals. This study aims to gain insights into the distinct challenges and possible solutions within the area of higher educationalmanagament in Nagaland by analysing and contrasting the administrative issues faced in both types of college management. The anticipated outcomes of this study are expected to provide valuable insights for policymakers, Principals, and stakeholders, thereby improving the overall quality of higher education within the state.
Steel slag wastes to fight the climate change
Authors: Rezaei Gomari Sina , Elyasi Gomari Kamal , Hughes David
Published: October 2023

Steel slags are solid by-products generated from the steel-manufacturing industries. They are considered valuable wastes for capturing of carbon dioxide (CO2) directly from the air and industrial sources and storing it permanently in the form of mineral carbonation. In this study, two historic steel slags are presented as sustainable materials for mineral carbonation. The effects of contacting time between CO2 and slags as well as temperature were investigated as two important parameters during mineral carbonation. The amount of carbonation, chemical and physical properties of carbonated samples have been characterised using Calcimeter, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results showed that depending on the source and composition of the steel slags, the maximum CO2 sequestration after 4 days at 60 °C is reached as high as 300 kg per tonne for samples. The FT-IR results showed the symmetric stretching of O-C-O bonds at 1400-1500 cm-1, gradually increased with increasing temperature and contacting time, indicating the significant capture of CO2 due to the carbonation process. SEM images confirmed that for both samples after the mineralisation, several carbonate layers were created in the structure of steel slags. The results indicated that CO2 sequestration in steel slag is positively correlated with contacting time and temperature, hence the current study provides the optimal conditions to accelerate the process of carbonation for industrial application. It is estimated that these steel slags alone could carbonate about 150-200 million tonnes of CO2 emissions which is equivalent to one third of annual UK greenhouse gas emissions.
Experimental tests and modeling of H2S-CO2-brine systems – a case study
Authors: Labus Krzysztof
Published: October 2023

A geochemical study aimed to determine the impact of CO2 and H2S, mixtures on the representative formation rocks from the Dębowiec Fm. and Paralic series of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, and the adjacent Małopolska Block (Poland) was performed.

In the way of experiments and hydrochemical modeling the following goals were achieved: determination of the impact of acid gases on the mineralogical composition and porosity, and the assessment of mineral trapping capacity of cap rocks.

Dissolution of skeletal grains, as the dominant process (the most distinct in carbonates and chlorite) was determined by means of SEM analysis in all of the samples.

The increase in porosity at the injection stage, depending on the mineralogy of samples was caused by the decomposition of calcite and siderite or ankerite (Dębowiec Fm.), daphnite, clinochlore, and siderite (Paralic series) and hematite, ankerite, dolomite (Małopolska Block).

After 10 000 years of simulated storage, the total porosity decreased in the cap rocks by several percent points, mainly due to precipitation of saponite, muscovite, gibbsite, phlogopite and dawsonite, in favor of the rock insulating properties. Among the secondary minerals enabling the trapping of CO2 and S in simulated storage there were observed: dolomite and pyrite (Dębowiec Fm.), dolomite, calcite and pyrite (Paralic series) and siderite, anhydrite, pyrite (Małopolska Block).

Maximum calculated mineral-trapping capacity, calculated based on the results of kinetic modeling, reached 43.4 kgCO2/m3 and 44.9 kgS/m3 for CO2+ H2S co-injection into the Dębowiec Fm. Miocene rock.
Synergy scenario for renewable energy production, CO2 and H2 storage in the Baltic offshore structure
Authors: Shogenov Kazbulat , Shogenova Alla
Published: October 2023

CO2 Capture, Transport, Use and Storage (CCUS) is one of the core technologies to mitigate climate change. New techno-economic and techno-ecological concept of a synergy of CO2 geological storage (CGS), CO2 use, hydrogen (H2) production from different eco-friendly renewable energy recovery technologies and underground H2 storage (UHS), which we call here Geological Power Bank (Geo-PB), in Cambrian Deimena Formation sandstones in different compartments of the E6 structure offshore Latvia is presented for the first time.

A five-phase circular economy concept of E6 geological structure energy and CO2 storage hub was developed in this study. The workflow is techno-ecological, eco-friendly, self-supporting, cost-competitive, and economically feasible. It consists of (1) CO2 transport by ships to the rig, (2) CO2 injection for CGS and CO2 Plume Geothermal technology (CPG), (3) H2 production, (4) Geo-PB, and (5) H2 transport by the same ships to the customers. The concept is supporting a win8 situation - innovative elements of techno-ecological synergy in one site: (1) CGS, (2) CPG, (3) solar energy, (4) wind energy, (5) sea currents energy, (6) H2 production (7) Geo-PB and (8) H2 transport to consumers. The proposed cycle is closed, demonstrating the principles of circular economy, which will increase the total efficiency of the concept. CGS and CPG are planned in the E6-A compartment of the E6 geological structure with an average CO2 storage capacity of 365 Mt in an optimistic approach and Geo-PB is planned in E6-B with an H2 storage capacity of 119 kt.

The Baltic offshore scenario is ambitious and innovative, proposed new technologies, synergy with renewable energy (geothermal, solar, wind and sea current), large storage capacity, including CO2 storage and use captured by a CCUS clusters of emission sources from energy production, cement industry and bio-emissions from Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The concept aimed to decrease the artificial impact of climate change by avoiding CO2 emissions to the atmosphere and implementing circular economy principles. It will increase public and policymakers’ acceptance of new underground CO2 and energy storage technologies. The proposed synergy solution for CGS and energy storage projects will make such a business economically feasible and attractive for investors. Our study demonstrates a new era, the next generation of cost-competitive, self-supporting conceptual techno-ecological examples of a possible synergy of storage concepts with renewable energies combined using circular economy approaches.
A quality-control framework for sub-daily flow and level data for hydrological modelling in Great Britain
Authors: Fileni Felipe , Fowler Hayley J. , Lewis Elizabeth , McLay Fiona , Yang Longzhi
Published: October 2023

The absence of an accessible and quality-assured national flow dataset is a limiting factor in sub-daily hydrological modelling in Great Britain. The recent development of measuring authority APIs and projects such as the Floods and Droughts Research Infrastructure (FDRI) programme aim to facilitate access to such data. Basic quality-control (QC) of 15-minute data is performed by the data collection authorities and the National River Flow Archive (NRFA). Still, there is a need for a comprehensible and verifiable quality control methodology. This paper presents an initial assessment of the available data and examines what needs to be done for applicability of the data at national scale. The 15-minute flow series has many inconsistencies, and there are also inconsistencies with the NRFA Annual Maximum values. When producing a QCed dataset, decisions regarding the retention of data values need to be taken and recorded. Furthermore, QC should remove and rectify erroneous values, such as negative and above world record flows; and an assessment of homogeneity and truncated values in the stations could be beneficial to flag suspect data. The complex chain for production and changeability of flow and level data makes data curation and governance imperative to assure the longevity of the dataset.
Recent Advances in Protein Folding Pathway Prediction through
Computational Methods
Authors: Zhao Kailong , Liang Fang , Xia Yuhao , Hou Minghua , Zhang Guijun
Published: October 2023

The protein folding mechanisms are crucial to understanding the fundamental
processes of life and solving many biological and medical problems. By studying the
folding process, we can reveal how proteins achieve their biological functions through
specific structures, providing insights into the treatment and prevention of diseases.
With the advancement of AI technology in the field of protein structure prediction, computational
methods have become increasingly important and promising for studying protein
folding mechanisms. In this review, we retrospect the current progress in the field
of protein folding mechanisms by computational methods from four perspectives: simulation
of an inverse folding pathway from native state to unfolded state; prediction of early
folding residues by machine learning; exploration of protein folding pathways
through conformational sampling; prediction of protein folding intermediates based on
templates. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of the protein folding problem
by computational methods are also discussed.
Purinergic Signaling and its Role in the Stem Cell Differentiation
Authors: Zaib Sumera , Areeba  , Khan Imtiaz
Published: October 2023

Purinergic signaling is a mechanism in which extracellular purines and pyrimidines interact
with specialized cell surface receptors known as purinergic receptors. These receptors are divided
into two families of P1 and P2 receptors, each responding to different nucleosides and nucleotides.
P1 receptors are activated by adenosine, while P2 receptors are activated by pyrimidine and
purines. P2X receptors are ligand-gated ion channels, including seven subunits (P2X1-7). However,
P2Y receptors are the G-protein coupled receptors comprising eight subtypes
(P2Y1/2/4/6/11/12/13/14). The disorder in purinergic signaling leads to various health-related issues
and diseases. In various aspects, it influences the activity of non-neuronal cells and neurons. The
molecular mechanism of purinergic signaling provides insight into treating various human diseases.
On the contrary, stem cells have been investigated for therapeutic applications. Purinergic signaling
has shown promising effect in stem cell engraftment. The immune system promotes the autocrine
and paracrine mechanisms and releases the significant factors essential for successful stem cell therapy.
Each subtype of purinergic receptor exerts a beneficial effect on the damaged tissue. The most
common effect caused by purinergic signaling is the proliferation and differentiation that treat different
health-related conditions.
Hialohifomicosis sistémica fatal ocasionada por Nannizziopsis guarroi en una iguana verde (Iguana iguana) de compañía
Authors: Maldonado Resendiz Ricardo Itzcóatl , Villafuerte Ramírez Natalia , Quiroga Hernández Cecilia , Ramírez Lezama José , Martínez Romero Esther Gisela , Brousset Hernández Jáuregui Dulce , Cervantes Olivares Roberto
Published: October 2023

Descripción del caso. Iguana verde (Iguana iguana), macho adulto de compañía, de cuatro años de edad. Fue adquirida en un mercado de la Ciudad de México. Vivía en un terrario controlado y comía algunas verduras, frutas y alimento comercial.
Hallazgos clínicos. En su historia clínica presentó letargo, anorexia, pérdida del equilibrio y agresión, con antecedentes de nódulos oscuros en la piel de la cola y necrosis de la punta. La cola se amputó seis meses atrás. En el examen físico, se encontró síndrome vestibular derecho, nistagmos, convulsiones, necrosis distal de la cola y de varios dedos, y nódulos obscuros en la piel. Deshidratación del 6%, condición corporal baja, 2/5, y frecuencia cardíaca también baja. En la histopatología, se halló dermatitis granulomatosa severa, multifocal y coalescente con numerosas hifas intralesionales e intrahistiocíticas.
Tratamiento y evolución. El paciente fue hospitalizado para controlar las convulsiones, iniciar con terapia de líquidos, y tomar las muestras de sangre para el hemograma y la bioquímica, y de las lesiones en la piel. Se administró analgesia y diazepam, pero murió.
Pruebas de laboratorio. La necropsia reveló granulomas sistémicos multifocales coalescentes con hifas intralesionales sugerentes a Nannizziopsis guarroi. Este agente infeccioso fue confirmado por medio de cultivo y PCR.
Relevancia clínica. El diagnóstico final fue una hialohifomicosis sistémica fatal ocasionada por Nannizziopsis guarroi. Es la primera vez que se reporta este cuadro clínico asociado a este agente en esta especie.
La eficacia y validez de los medios de aprendizaje basados ​​en TI para estudiantes con discapacidad mental en la asignatura de química: artículo de revisión
Authors: Rokhim Deni Ainur , Habiddin Habiddin , Agustina Nur Indah , Nenohai Jacky Anggara
Published: October 2023

Este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la validez de los medios de aprendizaje basados ​​en TI a partir de varios estudios y la eficacia de los medios de aprendizaje basados ​​en TI para estudiantes con retraso mental. Este estudio utiliza el método de Revisión Sistemática de Literatura (SLR) procedente de búsquedas en bases de datos en línea como SINTA. Los artículos revisados ​​provienen del año 2015 al 2022. El número de artículos revisados ​​es de 10 artículos según el tema utilizado. Los resultados de la revisión muestran que los medios de aprendizaje basados ​​en TI pueden atraer la atención de los estudiantes con retraso mental, de modo que pueden aumentar la motivación de aprendizaje de los estudiantes con retraso mental y pueden facilitar que los estudiantes con retraso mental comprendan el material que se les enseña y los que tienen retraso mental. Los estudiantes se sienten motivados por la presentación de material estructurado, imágenes, audio y videos animados que pueden existir como medios de aprendizaje. Los resultados de la validación de medios de aprendizaje basados ​​en TI de varios estudios muestran resultados muy válidos. Esto demuestra que los medios de aprendizaje pueden ser aceptados y utilizados por estudiantes y profesores.