bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CoDA: Collaborative Data Aggregation in Emerging Sensor Networks Using Bio-Level Voronoi Diagrams
Authors: Tang Chengpei , Yang Nian
Published: August 2016

To implement minimum power consumption of the link, cluster heads adopt the multi-hop manner for inter-cluster communication so as to forward the aggregation data to the relay nodes. This paper proposes a collaborative data aggregation in emerging sensor networks using a bio-level Voronoi diagram, which is an energy-efficient data aggregation protocol that integrates topology control, Multiple Access Control (MAC) and routing. The sensor nodes situated in the lower level of the diagram are responsible for listening and gathering data, and should be organized by optimal clustering node. In the inter-cluster communication stage, a particle swarm optimization algorithm is addressed to seek optimal transmission path which could simultaneously achieve the minimization of the maximum next hop distance between two nodes in the routing path and the minimization of the maximum hop count, so the minimization of whole network energy consumption is realized. The results of theoretical analysis and simulation results show that energy efficiency and synchronization accuracy of the proposed algorithm can be much better than with traditional routing protocols, and the energy consumption of nodes in the whole network can be more balanced.
Performance Characterization of a Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial System with Co-Channel Interference over Generalized Fading Channels
Authors: Javed Umer , He Di , Liu Peilin
Published: August 2016

The transmission of signals in a hybrid satellite-terrestrial system (HSTS) in the presence of co-channel interference (CCI) is considered in this study. Specifically, we examine the problem of amplify-and-forward (AF)-based relaying in a hybrid satellite-terrestrial link, where the relay node is operating in the presence of a dominant co-channel interferer. It is assumed that direct connection between a source node (satellite) and a destination node (terrestrial receiver) is not available due to masking by obstacles in the surrounding. The destination node is only able to receive signals from the satellite with the help of a relay node located at the ground. In the proposed HSTS, the satellite-relay channel follows the shadowed Rice fading; and the channels of interferer-relay and relay-destination links experience generalized Nakagami-m fading. For the considered AF-based HSTS, we first develop the analytical expression for the moment generating function (MGF) of the overall output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). Then, based on the derived exact MGF, we derive novel expressions for the average symbol error rate (SER) of the considered HSTS for the following digital modulation techniques: M-ary phase shift keying (M-PSK), M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) and M-ary pulse amplitude modulation (M-PAM). To significantly reduce the computational complexity for utility in system-level simulations, simple analytical approximation for the exact SER in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime is presented to provide key insights. Finally, numerical results and the corresponding analysis are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed performance evaluation framework and to view the impact of CCI on the considered HSTS under varying channel conditions and with different modulation schemes.
Soil Water Content Sensor Response to Organic Matter Content under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Fares Ali , Awal Ripendra , Bayabil Haimanote
Published: August 2016

Studies show that the performance of soil water content monitoring (SWCM) sensors is affected by soil physical and chemical properties. However, the effect of organic matter on SWCM sensor responses remains less understood. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to (i) assess the effect of organic matter on the accuracy and precision of SWCM sensors using a commercially available soil water content monitoring sensor; and (ii) account for the organic matter effect on the sensor’s accuracy. Sand columns with seven rates of oven-dried sawdust (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12% and 18% v/v, used as an organic matter amendment), thoroughly mixed with quartz sand, and a control without sawdust were prepared by packing quartz sand in two-liter glass containers. Sand was purposely chosen because of the absence of any organic matter or salinity, and also because sand has a relatively low cation exchange capacity that will not interfere with the treatment effect of the current work. Sensor readings (raw counts) were monitored at seven water content levels (0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.18, 0.24, and 0.30 cm3 cm−3) by uniformly adding the corresponding volumes of deionized water in addition to the oven-dry one. Sensor readings were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by the organic matter level and water content. Sensor readings were strongly correlated with the organic matter level (R2 = 0.92). In addition, the default calibration equation underestimated the water content readings at the lower water content range (<0.05 cm3 cm−3), while it overestimated the water content at the higher water content range (>0.05 cm3 cm−3). A new polynomial calibration equation that uses raw count and organic matter content as covariates improved the accuracy of the sensor (RMSE = 0.01 cm3 cm−3). Overall, findings of this study highlight the need to account for the effect of soil organic matter content to improve the accuracy and precision of the tested sensor under different soils and environmental conditions.
Improved Feature Matching for Mobile Devices with IMU
Authors: Masiero Andrea , Vettore Antonio
Published: August 2016

Thanks to the recent diffusion of low-cost high-resolution digital cameras and to the development of mostly automated procedures for image-based 3D reconstruction, the popularity of photogrammetry for environment surveys is constantly increasing in the last years. Automatic feature matching is an important step in order to successfully complete the photogrammetric 3D reconstruction: this step is the fundamental basis for the subsequent estimation of the geometry of the scene. This paper reconsiders the feature matching problem when dealing with smart mobile devices (e.g., when using the standard camera embedded in a smartphone as imaging sensor). More specifically, this paper aims at exploiting the information on camera movements provided by the inertial navigation system (INS) in order to make the feature matching step more robust and, possibly, computationally more efficient. First, a revised version of the affine scale-invariant feature transform (ASIFT) is considered: this version reduces the computational complexity of the original ASIFT, while still ensuring an increase of correct feature matches with respect to the SIFT. Furthermore, a new two-step procedure for the estimation of the essential matrix E (and the camera pose) is proposed in order to increase its estimation robustness and computational efficiency.
Analyzing the Effects of Spatial Interaction among City Clusters on Urban Growth—Case of Wuhan Urban Agglomeration
Authors: Tan Ronghui , Zhou Kehao , He Qingsong , Xu Hengzhou
Published: August 2016

For the past two decades, China’s urbanization has attracted increasing attention from scholars around the world. Numerous insightful studies have attempted to determine the socioeconomic causes of the rapid urban growth in Chinese cities. However, most of these studies regarded each city as a single entity, with few considering inter-city relationships. The present study uses a gravity-based model to measure the spatial interaction among city clusters in the Wuhan urban agglomeration (WUA), which is one of China’s most rapidly urbanizing regions. The effects of spatial interaction on urban growth area were also analyzed. Empirical results indicate that, similar to urban population or employment in secondary and tertiary industries in the WUA from 2000 to 2005, the spatial interaction among city clusters is one of the main drivers of urban growth. In fact, this study finds the effects of spatial interaction as the only socioeconomic factor that affected the spatial expansion from 2005 to 2010. This finding suggests that population migration and information and commodity flows showed greater influence than the socioeconomic drivers of each city did on promoting urbanization in the WUA during this period. We thus argue that spatial interaction among city clusters should be a consideration in future regional planning.
The Role of Orthogonal Polynomials in Tailoring Spherical Distributions to Kurtosis Requirements
Authors: Bagnato Luca , Faliva Mario , Zoia Maria
Published: August 2016

This paper carries out an investigation of the orthogonal-polynomial approach to reshaping symmetric distributions to fit in with data requirements so as to cover the multivariate case. With this objective in mind, reference is made to the class of spherical distributions, given that they provide a natural multivariate generalization of univariate even densities. After showing how to tailor a spherical distribution via orthogonal polynomials to better comply with kurtosis requirements, we provide operational conditions for the positiveness of the resulting multivariate Gram–Charlier-like expansion, together with its kurtosis range. Finally, the approach proposed here is applied to some selected spherical distributions.
Hepatitis E Pathogenesis
Authors: Lhomme Sébastien , Marion Olivier , Abravanel Florence , Chapuy-Regaud Sabine , Kamar Nassim , Izopet Jacques
Published: August 2016

Although most hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections are asymptomatic, some can be severe, causing fulminant hepatitis and extra-hepatic manifestations, including neurological and kidney injuries. Chronic HEV infections may also occur in immunocompromised patients. This review describes how our understanding of the pathogenesis of HEV infection has progressed in recent years.
Reconstruction of a Storm Map and New Approach in the Definition of Categories of the Extreme Rainfall, Northeastern Sicily
Authors: Fiorillo Francesco , Diodato Nazzareno , Meo Massimiliano
Published: August 2016

After more than 350 mm of rainfall fell in a few hours on 22 November 2011, thousands of landslides and floods were induced in two main zones of Northeastern Sicily. The total rainfall has been reconstructed integrating available rain gauge data with Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite data from NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration); the landslide distribution in the field has confirmed the pattern of rainfall accumulated on 22 November 2011. Precipitation maxima of 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h was recognized as the hazardous events, which marks the evidence of a changing climate, with a shift toward more intense rainfalls in recent times. To investigate the sequence of the annual maxima, the historical time series have been transformed in the Standard normal distribution, from the cumulative probability of the GEV (Generalized Extreme Value) distribution. Following a similar definition of the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI), the transformation of the historical data in the standardized values allows the definition of categories of hourly maxima in term of extreme, severe, moderate, or mild. This transformation allows to eliminate the asymmetry of the time series, so that trends and fluctuations have been highlighted by the progressive accumulation of data (Rescaled Adjust Partial Sum). This statistical approach allows the improvement of the interpretability of the hydrological extreme events, and could also be used in other cases.
Strategies for Community and Industry Water Management in the Oil Producing Region of North Dakota
Authors: Hearne Robert , Fernando Felix
Published: August 2016

North Dakota’s Bakken region has surged to become an important oil-producing region. One of the key concerns for ensuring sustained growth in this region is the availability of water. This paper will review current water management practices and review alternative policies with special attention to the needs of North Dakota’s rural communities. Although the region is semi-arid, there is an abundance of water available in the Missouri River and Lake Sakakawea. Efforts to utilize available water have been impaired by the US Army Corps of Engineers’ reservoir management polices as well as difficulties in constructing infrastructure during boom drilling. North Dakota was fortunate to dedicate oil revenue for water development. In addition, the expansion of regional water systems has been partially funded by sales to drilling operations. These water systems will benefit both industry and local communities.
Identifying Important Attributes for Prognostic Prediction in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients
Authors: Hafizi-Rastani Iman , Khalili Hosseinali , Paydar Shahram , Pourahmad Saeedeh
Published: August 2016

Background: Generally, traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients do not have a stable condition, particularly after the first week of TBI. Hence, indicating the attributes in prognosis through a prediction model is of utmost importance since it helps caregivers with treatment-decision options, or prepares the relatives for the most-likely outcome. Objectives: This study attempted to determine and order the attributes in prognostic prediction in TBI patients, based on early clinical findings. A hybrid method was employed, which combines a decision tree (DT) and an artificial neural network (ANN) in order to improve the modeling process. Methods: The DT approach was applied as the initial analysis of the network architecture to increase accuracy in prediction. Afterwards, the ANN structure was mapped from the initial DT based on a part of the data. Subsequently, the designed network was trained and validated by the remaining data. 5-fold cross-validation method was applied to train the network. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rate were utilized as performance measures. The important attributes were then determined from the trained network using two methods: change of mean squared error (MSE), and sensitivity analysis (SA). Results: The hybrid method offered better results compared to the DT method. The accuracy rate of 86.3 % vs. 82.2 %, sensitivity value of 55.1 % vs. 47.6 %, specificity value of 93.6 % vs. 91.1 %, and the area under the ROC curve of 0.705 vs. 0.695 were achieved for the hybrid method and DT, respectively. However, the attributes’ order by DT method was more consistent with the clinical literature. Conclusions: The combination of different modeling methods can enhance their performance. However, it may create some complexities in computations and interpretations. The outcome of the present study could deliver some useful hints in prognostic prediction on the basis of early clinical findings for TBI patients.
State Regulatory Provisions for Residential Care Settings: An Overview of Staffing Requirements
Authors: Carder Paula , O'Keefe Janet , O'Keefe Christine , White Erin , Wiener Joshua
Published: August 2016

Residential care settings (RCSs), such as assisted living facilities, provide community-based services for older adults and younger people with disabilities who require long-term services and supports. Within RCSs, staffing adequacy is a key factor for ensuring residents’ quality of care. However, because residential care settings are licensed and regulated by the states, staffing requirements vary considerably among states. This paper provides an overview of state regulations related to staffing in residential care, highlighting the variance among state regulations. The primary data source for this analysis was the Compendium of Residential Care and Assisted Living Regulations and Policy, 2015 Edition, funded by the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation/US Department of Health and Human Services. Consumers and regulators need to be aware of the state variance in RCS staffing requirements and assess whether a state’s staffing requirements are adequate to meet residents’ needs.
ANALYSIS OF CORONAL RAIN OBSERVED BY IRIS, HINODE/SOT, AND SDO/AIA: TRANSVERSE OSCILLATIONS, KINEMATICS, AND THERMAL EVOLUTION
Authors: Kohutova P. , Verwichte E.
Published: August 2016

Coronal rain composed of cool plasma condensations falling from coronal heights along magnetic field lines is a phenomenon occurring mainly in active region coronal loops. Recent high-resolution observations have shown that coronal rain is much more common than previously thought, suggesting its important role in the chromosphere-corona mass cycle. We present the analysis of MHD oscillations and kinematics of the coronal rain observed in chromospheric and transition region lines by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph
(IRIS), the Hinode Solar Optical Telescope (SOT), and the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA). Two different regimes of transverse oscillations traced by the rain are detected: small-scale persistent oscillations driven by a continuously operating process and localized large-scale oscillations excited by a transient mechanism. The plasma condensations are found to move with speeds ranging from few km s−1 up to 180 km s−1 and with accelerations largely below the free-fall rate, likely explained by pressure effects and the ponderomotive force resulting from the loop oscillations. The observed evolution of the emission in individual SDO/AIA bandpasses is found to exhibit clear signatures of a gradual cooling of the plasma at the loop top. We determine the temperature evolution of the coronal loop plasma using regularized inversion to recover the differential emission measure (DEM) and by forward modeling the emission intensities in the SDO/AIA bandpasses using a two-component synthetic DEM model. The inferred evolution of the temperature and density of the plasma near the apex is consistent with the limit cycle model and suggests the loop is going through a sequence of periodically repeating heating-condensation cycles.
A DEEP CHANDRA ACIS SURVEY OF M51∗
Authors: Kuntz K. D. , Long Knox S. , Kilgard Roy E.
Published: August 2016

We have obtained a deep X-ray image of the nearby galaxy M51 using Chandra. Here we present the catalog of X-ray sources detected in these observations and provide an overview of the properties of the point-source population. We find 298 sources within the D
25 radii of NGC 5194/5, of which  20% are variable, a dozen are classical transients, and another half dozen are transient-like sources. The typical number of active ultraluminous X-ray sources in any given observation is ∼5, and only two of those sources persist in an ultraluminous state over the 12 yr of observations. Given reasonable assumptions about the supernova remnant population, the luminosity function is well described by a power law with an index between 1.55 and 1.7, only slightly shallower than that found for populations dominated by high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs), which suggests that the binary population in NGC 5194 is also dominated by HMXBs. The luminosity function of NGC 5195 is more consistent with a low-mass X-ray binary dominated population.
REVERBERATION MAPPING OF THE BROAD LINE REGION: APPLICATION TO A HYDRODYNAMICAL LINE-DRIVEN DISK WIND SOLUTION
Authors: Waters Tim , Kashi Amit , Proga Daniel , Eracleous Michael , Barth Aaron J. , Greene Jenny
Published: August 2016

The latest analysis efforts in reverberation mapping are beginning to allow reconstruction of echo images (or velocity-delay maps) that encode information about the structure and kinematics of the broad line region (BLR) in active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Such maps can constrain sophisticated physical models for the BLR. The physical picture of the BLR is often theorized to be a photoionized wind launched from the AGN accretion disk. Previously we showed that the line-driven disk wind solution found in an earlier simulation by Proga and Kallman is virialized over a large distance from the disk. This finding implies that, according to this model, black hole masses can be reliably estimated through reverberation mapping techniques. However, predictions of echo images expected from line-driven disk winds are not available. Here, after presenting the necessary radiative transfer methodology, we carry out the first calculations of such predictions. We find that the echo images are quite similar to other virialized BLR models such as randomly orbiting clouds and thin Keplerian disks. We conduct a parameter survey exploring how echo images, line profiles, and transfer functions depend on both the inclination angle and the line opacity. We find that the line profiles are almost always single peaked, while transfer functions tend to have tails extending to large time delays. The outflow, despite being primarily equatorially directed, causes an appreciable blueshifted excess on both the echo image and line profile when seen from lower inclinations (

). This effect may be observable in low ionization lines such as

.
SYMPATHETIC SOLAR FILAMENT ERUPTIONS
Authors: Wang Rui , Liu Ying D. , Zimovets Ivan , Hu Huidong , Dai Xinghua , Yang Zhongwei
Published: August 2016

The 2015 March 15 coronal mass ejection as one of the two that together drove the largest geomagnetic storm of solar cycle 24 so far was associated with sympathetic filament eruptions. We investigate the relations between the different filaments involved in the eruption. A surge-like small-scale filament motion is confirmed as the trigger that initiated the erupting filament with multi-wavelength observations and using a forced magnetic field extrapolation method. When the erupting filament moved to an open magnetic field region, it experienced an obvious acceleration process and was accompanied by a C-class flare and the rise of another larger filament that eventually failed to erupt. We measure the decay index of the background magnetic field, which presents a critical height of 118 Mm. Combining with a potential field source surface extrapolation method, we analyze the distributions of the large-scale magnetic field, which indicates that the open magnetic field region may provide a favorable condition for F2 rapid acceleration and have some relation with the largest solar storm. The comparison between the successful and failed filament eruptions suggests that the confining magnetic field plays an important role in the preconditions for an eruption.
FIRST RESULTS FROM THE FAINT INFRARED GRISM SURVEY (FIGS): FIRST SIMULTANEOUS DETECTION OF Lyα EMISSION AND LYMAN BREAK FROM A GALAXY AT z = 7.51
Authors: Tilvi V. , Pirzkal N. , Malhotra S. , Finkelstein S. L. , Rhoads J. E. , Windhorst R. , Grogin N. A. , Koekemoer A. , Zakamska N. L. , Ryan R. , Christensen L. , Hathi N. , Pharo J. , Joshi B. , Yang H. , Gronwall C. , Cimatti A. , Walsh J. , O’Connell R. , Straughn A. , Ostlin G. , Rothberg B. , Livermore R. C. , Hibon P. , Gardner Jonathan P.
Published: August 2016

Galaxies at high redshifts are a valuable tool for studying cosmic dawn, therefore it is crucial to reliably identify these galaxies. Here, we present an unambiguous and first simultaneous detection of both the Lyα emission and the Lyman break from a

z
=
7.512

±

0.004

galaxy, observed in the Faint Infrared Grism Survey (FIGS). These spectra, taken with the G102 grism on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), show a significant emission line detection (

6
σ

) in two observational position angles (PAs), with Lyα line flux of

1.06
±
0.19
×

10

−
17

erg

s

−
1

cm

−
2

. The line flux is nearly a factor of four higher than that in the archival MOSFIRE spectroscopic observations. This is consistent with other recent observations, implying that ground-based near-infrared spectroscopy underestimates the total emission line fluxes, and if confirmed, can have strong implications for reionization studies that are based on ground-based Lyα measurements. A 4σ detection of the NV line in one PA also suggests a weak active galactic nucleus (AGN), and if confirmed, would make this source the highest-redshift AGN yet found. These observations from HST thus clearly demonstrate the sensitivity of the FIGS survey, and the capability of grism spectroscopy for studying the epoch of reionization.
Conséquences macroéconomiques du vieillissement de la population
Authors: Lee Ronald , Mason Andrew
Published: August 2016

La baisse de la fécondité et l'allongement de la durée de la vie amènent au vieillissement de la population et au ralentissement ou même à la baisse de la croissance démographique. Tandis que le ralentissement de la croissance démographique réduit la nécessité d'épargner, le vieillissement de la population impose des coûts liés à la dépendance des personnes âgées qui sont particulièrement lourds pour le secteur public. Le taux de fécondité est-il trop faible ? Le projet des Comptes de transferts nationaux (National Transfer Accounts ou NTA) fournit des données permettant de quantifier les coûts liés à la dépendance. Au vu de la répartition par âge actuelle des impôts et prestations dans les pays à revenu élevé et à revenu moyen supérieur, un taux d'environ trois naissances par femme permettrait de maximiser le ratio de soutien public. Les profils d'âge inclusifs de consommation et de revenus du travail sont toutefois plus pertinents en termes de niveau de vie. Les ratios de soutien correspondants sont maximisés par un taux de fécondité légèrement supérieur à deux naissances par femme. En allant un peu plus loin et en prenant en compte la baisse de l'épargne, un taux égal à 1,5 naissance par femme dans les pays à revenu moyen supérieur et à 1,8 naissance par femme dans les pays riches industrialisés permettrait de maximiser le niveau de vie. Au sein d'économies ouvertes, ces résultats seraient légèrement différents. Par ailleurs, la prise en compte du capital humain influerait également quelque peu sur ces résultats. Classification JEL : J11, J14, J18.
« À bon entendeur… »
Authors: Mansuy Marie-Pierre
Published: August 2016

La question de la place des parents dans la psychanalyse d’enfants fait inévitablement l’objet de réflexions. Dans le cadre des consultations ouvertes où interviennent un analyste et des stagiaires, quelles formes prend le transfert ?
A New Age for JIEM
Authors: Fernandez Vicenc
Published: August 2016

This editorial has a twofold objective: (1) to present a brief summary of the history of the journal, including the main goals that the journal has achieved during its nine years of life, and (2) to present all changes that the editors of the journal have taken during the last year in order to re-launch the journal and position it on the top in its field. We focus on issues concerning the quality of the journal, the scope, the prestige (progress on indexation), and the social responsibility of the journal.
Mind the Gap
Authors: Eapen Valsamma , Walter Amelia
Published: August 2016

Individuals with Intellectual Disability (ID) experience higher rates of psychiatric disorders than the general population, although findings are mixed with regard to the determinants of this increased prevalence. Despite growing recognition of the prevalence of mental health problems among individuals with ID, and the consequences this comorbidity carries for individuals, families and the wider community, there are multiple challenges in identifying and managing these concerns. Accurate diagnosis and effective intervention is currently hindered by factors including the applicability of standardised psychiatric classification systems, gaps in service delivery models and access to such services, as well as unmet training needs.
Asians and the Myth of the Model Minority in Higher Education
Authors: Johnson Ronn , Kim Ji Youn Cindy , Lee Jojo Yanki
Published: August 2016

When compared with African Americans, Latinos, and Native Americans, Asian are often attributed more positive attributions from the dominant culture. The developed stereotype, Myth of the Model Minority (MMM), suggests Asian Americans achieve a higher degree of success than the general population. Under the internalized assumption of being psychologically trouble free, the MMM stereotype contributes to Asians being less inclined to proactively engage in help seeking behavior despite the presence of severe mental health concerns. Psychocultural examples relating to Asian Americans (e.g., Virginia Tech Shooter case) are reviewed to form a clinical and forensic psychological framework that offers a challenge as to why the MMM is problematic in higher education. The myths related to MMM and the experiences—positive or negative—of MMM are analyzed to encourage subsequent empirically-based applications for addressing MMM as well as serving as a caveat against using monocausal explanations or other thumbnail assessments of Asian American behavior in higher education.
Mental Illness, Youth, and Lessons from Residential Treatment Centers
Authors: Allison Krista , Allison Chris
Published: August 2016

This chapter explores mental illness in children and youth. In addition to understanding who is affected, this chapter seeks to express a holistic and comprehensive approach to physical, mental, and spiritual health. Research in each of these areas is discussed and relevant stories are presented from the authors' combined 10 years of experience in various residential treatment centers. Additionally, practical tools for families, educators, and clinicians are discussed. The purpose of this chapter is to increase awareness of the struggles mentally ill children endure and equip families, educators, and clinicians with practical tools for assisting children with mental illnesses.
Assessment of Childhood Trauma in Rural Settings
Authors: Alexander Apryl A. , Harrelson Megan E.
Published: August 2016

Childhood exposure to trauma is prevalent and has been shown to contribute to both immediate and long-term psychological distress and functional impairment. Most mental health professionals will encounter trauma-related issues in their work, regardless of their specialty or the context in which they work, however, in rural communities it may be difficult for mental health practitioners to seek specialty training in working with survivors of trauma. The aim of this chapter is to provide practitioners with basic knowledge about the effects of trauma on children and adolescents, clinical skills and available measures designed to appropriately assess exposure to trauma and subsequent trauma-related symptoms, and ethical and cultural considerations required when assessing trauma in children and adolescents in rural communities.
Workforce Development in Behavioral Healthcare and the Increased Use of Technology
Authors: Ingle Susanne , Kuprevich Carol L.
Published: August 2016

The authors present anecdotal and peer reviewed information relative to the increase in use of technology within behavioral healthcare. Emphasis is on education, training, professional community development, and networking aspects of the field. The use of email discussion lists, blogs, conferences, and online training management tools are discussed. The authors define the use of technology in workforce development, build out examples of use, explore different methods of digital discourse, and discuss the challenges of technology implementation in a clinical setting. The authors attempt to provide both sides of the debate as to whether the increased use of technology in workforce development within behavioral healthcare is working while addressing the overall expectation to reduce costs, provide positive outcomes, and increase the skills and knowledge of a diverse workforce. This chapter provides an overall picture of types of technology are offered and a general overview of the benefits and opportunities for improvement specific to the development of the healthcare workforce.
What If a Whole Community Came Together?
Authors: Frances Rebecca Hoffmann
Published: August 2016

Isolation is often a key factor and contributor to childhood trauma in rural communities. Not only does it potentially mean that there are less “eyes” on a family but it also means less supports and positive connections for a family. It means less ways out of the maze of childhood trauma and poverty. This chapter will explore how to build community in rural areas so that families feel connected and supported. It will give tools and tips for engaging traditional and non-traditional partners to create a web of support for families. It will call upon research and scientifically proven tactics for community engagement as well as more grass roots efforts that work in rural communities. In addition, the article will give real life examples from some of the most rural areas in the state of Maine of how communities have come together to support children and ensure better screening, intervention and treatment.
Clinical Forensic Issues in Child Trauma Stemming from Juvenile Fire Setting and Bomb Making
Authors: Johnson Ronn , Klas Karla , Jacobs Eric , Grace Elizabeth , Murillo Alejandra
Published: August 2016

Internationally, burns stemming from Juvenile Fire Setting and Bomb Making (JFSB) represent a major healthcare problem as signaled by traumatic deaths and injuries sustained by youth involved in these unfortunate incidents. While JFSB incidents may occur with greater frequency in non-rural locales, emerging evidence shows that the clinical forensic issues secondary to these burn cases can be surprisingly more complex in rural settings. The treatment challenges that rural areas have are fueled by a limited availability of mental health emergency resources. Further compounding it, the treatment professionals accessible to families often have insufficient experience or qualifications for competently managing the traumatic issues presented by combined JFSB/Burn Survivor (BS-JFSB) cases. This chapter aims to demonstrate how trauma-focused approaches can be integrated into existing clinical forensic practices in rural settings. The treatment requires altering how the concerns presented by these BS-JFSB children are addressed within a risk assessment paradigm.
mHealth R&D Activities in Europe
Authors: Koumpouros Yiannis , Georgoulas Aggelos
Published: August 2016

The scope of the chapter is to present a thorough review on the most up to date research and development activities funded by the European Union in the m-health sector and more specifically in the domain of m-Health Innovations for Patient-Centered Care. This review brings to light the latest research directions and trends that are taking place around Europe and the world. The mhealth market is analyzed along with the focusing on the main apps and their classification. Moreover, it presents the trends of the research topics addressed and what are the plans and future activities pushed. The obstacles faced, the pros and cons and the proposed actions, and their match to real life situations are also discussed. The chapter concludes on the current trends and the potential market on m-health solutions and innovations and how they are trying to address the global need for patient-centered care.
Vocational Rehabilitation
Authors: Ghosh Neerajana , Sinha Vinod Kumar , Poddar Shuvabrata
Published: August 2016

The chapter summarizes key issues in vocational rehabilitation for individuals with intellectual disability, nature of vocational rehabilitation in in mild, moderate and severe intellectual disability, principles of rehabilitation for individuals with intellectual disability, assessment of intellectual disability and it's limitations. Then the chapter reviews the need for vocational rehabilitation, assessment required for rehabilitation and barriers of vocational rehabilitation for individuals with intellectual disability. the chapter then covers vocational rehabilitation process and preparation of the individual for rehabilitation. The chapter ends with social skills training and newer trends in rehabilitation like use of virtual reality and sensory integration.
Internet Related Current Issues of E-Learner and Recommended Practical Strategies
Authors: Firat Mehmet
Published: August 2016

The complexity of the Internet has increased the requirement of learner's self-cognition, self-control and self-responsibility when using Internet to learn. Thus, responsibility of e-learner to decide on the validity, reliability and meaningfulness of the information steadily increased. This situation has caused internet related issues such as problematic Internet use, Internet addiction, cognitive overload, disorientation, continuous partial attention and information pollution on the Internet. The purpose of this study is to provide practical strategies for e-learners' Internet related current issues. This study presented in three steps. At the first step, problematic Internet use and addiction, cognitive overload, disorientation, continuous partial attention and Internet information pollution was discussed as Internet related current issues of e-learners. At the second step, increase of Internet literacy, Internet search strategies, using computational knowledge engines, and benefit from Semantic Web presented as practical strategies for e-learners. At the end of study related conclusions provided.
Navigating Practice-Informed Evidence and Evidence-Based Practice
Authors: Pack Margaret
Published: August 2016

This chapter explores social workers' application of practice evidence in their everyday work in team and agency contexts. Practice evidence concerns the practitioner seeking the best available knowledge, accessed, adapted, and applied to guide practice with clients. How social workers decide which sources to draw from and which are appropriate sources of evidence for practice is based on many considerations. These include the social worker's values and ethics for practice, legislative and policy requirements, professional standards of practice, and the range of theories applied to any case or situation encountered in practice. Practice wisdom, or the experience gained in the repetition of seeing the same kind of client presentations across time, produces a further source which is drawn upon within the social worker's repertoire of knowledge. In this sense, there are multiple knowledge frameworks within which social workers operate, balancing contradictory and competing discourses about “what works” in any practice situation.
Continuous formation of liturgy through social cognition
Authors: Kruger Ferdi , De Klerk Ben
Published: August 2016

This article researches two focal points, namely liturgical formation and the influence that social cognition has on liturgical formation. Within a South African context it is evident that Western liturgical traditions encounter African traditions and vice versa. This encounter is challenging because it creates new questions. The process of enculturation is prominent in recent research. The article refers to the process of social cognition as the manner in which people observe each other and try to make sense of other cultures and the people of those cultures. People’s cognition can be wrong, leading to distortions. The main research question for this investigation emanates from this possibility, namely: How does social cognition influence the process of liturgical formation? The authors first of all offer a descriptive– empirical vantage point to investigate this matter. Two local congregations were visited. The authors reflect on their own cognition, but also examine the cognition of the leaders through interviews. Based on the findings of this endeavour, normative perspectives are formulated from Acts 17:16–35 to highlight the role of cognition in liturgical formation. Throughout, the article includes consideration of the hermeneutic interaction between the various elements of this research and provides hermeneutic guidelines.
Revisiting the application of open‐channel estimates of denitrification
Authors: Baulch H. M. , Venkiteswaran J. J. , Dillon P. J. , Maranger R.
Published: August 2016

Development of an open‐channel method for measurement of denitrification, without the use of expensive isotopic tracers, has generated considerable interest among researchers attempting to quantify N loss from lotic systems. Membrane inlet mass spectrometry allows measurement of small changes in N2 concentrations, facilitating calculation of whole reach denitrification rates using an N2 mass balance corrected for gas exchange. The method has been applied successfully within numerous rivers ranging widely in size and denitrification rate. Previous model‐based analyses suggest that the method can be applied in a broader suite of ecosystems, and specifically, that it is well suited to shallow streams where denitrification rates as low as 30–100 µmol N m−2 h−1 may be measurable. This coupled with increasing availability of necessary equipment, relatively low cost of measurements, and the ability to measure denitrification at environmentally relevant spatial scales suggests that broad adoption of the method is likely. In this paper, we revisit this model‐based analysis using alternate models of gas exchange and demonstrate that benthic turbulence‐induced gas exchange will restrict the suite of suitable study streams. Specifically, we note that within shallow streams and fast‐flowing systems denitrification may be measurable only at moderate or high rates. To help facilitate further application of the method, we extend our discussion beyond site selection to discuss assumptions of the open‐channel method, options for estimating the error in denitrification rates, and recommended practices for future studies.
Determination of dissimilatory sulfate reduction rates in marine sediment via radioactive 35S tracer
Authors: Røy Hans , Weber Hannah S. , Tarpgaard Irene H. , Ferdelman Timothy G. , Jørgensen Bo B.
Published: August 2016

Rates of dissimilatory sulfate reduction in aquatic sediments have been measured over many years with 35S‐radiotracer, and the method has been continuously modified and optimized. This article discusses the sequence of procedures that constitutes the method from sediment handling before incubation, via incubation and distillation, to statistical analysis of the results. We test modifications that have been added since previous method descriptions, and we recommend sound experimental procedures. We discuss the measurement of extremely low sulfate reduction rates whereby only one count per minute labeled sulfide may be produced. We show by numerical modeling that the measured rates are mostly representative for a small volume around the point where 35SO42− is injected and that this can be used as an advantage to avoid edge effects. Finally, we show that oxidation will spoil samples during storage unless the samples are stored frozen. The main focus is on marine sediment, but the discussions are equally relevant for freshwater.
A strategy for the measurement of the CO2 distribution in the
stratosphere
Authors: Carlotti Massimo , Dinelli Bianca Maria , Innocenti Giada , Palchetti Luca
Published: August 2016

Abstract. In this study we introduce a new strategy for the measurement of CO2 distributions in the stratosphere. The proposed experiment is based on an orbiting limb sounder that measures the atmospheric emission within both the Thermal InfraRed (TIR) and Far-InfraRed (FIR) regions. The idea is to exploit the contribution of the pure rotational transitions of molecular oxygen in the FIR to determine the atmospheric fields of temperature and pressure that are necessary to retrieve the distribution of CO2 from its vibro-rotational transitions in the TIR. The instrument considered to test the new strategy is a Fourier transform spectrometer with two output ports hosting a FIR detector devoted to measure the O2 transitions, and a TIR detector devoted to measure the CO2 transitions. Instrumental and observational parameters of the proposed experiment have been defined by exploiting the heritage of both previous studies and operational limb sounders. The performance of the experiment has been assessed with two-dimensional retrievals on simulated observations along a full orbit. For the purpose optimal spectral intervals have been defined using a validated selection algorithm. Both accuracy and spatial resolution of the obtained CO2 distributions have been taken into account in the results-evaluation process. We show that the O2 spectral features significantly contribute to the performance of CO2 retrievals, and that the proposed experiment can determine two-dimensional distributions of the CO2 volume mixing ratio with precisions of the order of 1 ppmv in the 10–50 km altitude range. The error budget estimated for our test-case indicates that, in the 10–50 km altitude range, the accuracy of the CO2 fields is set by the random component. The same accuracy can be obtained at higher altitudes provided the retrieval system is able to model the non-local-thermal-equilibrium conditions of the atmosphere. The best performance is obtained at altitudes between 20 and 50 km where the vertical resolution ranges from 3 km to 5 km and the horizontal resolution is of the order of 300–350 km depending on latitude.
Input Trade Liberalization and Export Product Scope: Evidence from China
Authors: Zhao Chunming , Zhang Qun
Published: August 2016

This paper explores the impact of input trade liberalization on export product scope of firms in industries with different scope for product differentiation. Firm- and industry-specific tariffs are measured to reflect cost effect (intensive margin) and new input effect (extensive margin) of input tariff reductions. Using tariff data and product-level trade data for 2002-2006, we find that while firms in differentiated product scope expand export product lines greatly, firms in non-differentiated product sector do not expand export product scope significantly, which is robust to different definitions of varieties.
Teaching of old historical mathematics problems with ICT tools
Authors: Kántor Tünde , Tóth Anna
Published: August 2016

The aim of this study is to examine how teachers can use ICT (information and communications technology) tools and the method of blended learning to teach mathematical problem solving. The new Hungarian mathematics curriculum (NAT) emphasizes the role of history of science, therefore we chose a topic from the history of mathematics, from the geometry of triangles: Viviani's Theorem and its problem field. We carried out our teaching experiments at a secondary school with 14-year-old students. Students investigated open geometrical problems with the help of a dynamic geometric software (GeoGebra). Their research work was similar to the historical way.
The Effects of Audio- visual Recorded and Audio Recorded Listening Tasks on the Accuracy of Iranian EFL Learners’ Oral Production
Authors: Drood Pooya , Asl Hanieh Davatgari
Published: August 2016

The ways in which task in classrooms has developed and proceeded have receive great attention in the field of language teaching and learning in the sense that they draw attention of learners to the competing features such as accuracy, fluency, and complexity. English audiovisual and audio recorded materials have been widely used by teachers and students, and have been the important resources of teaching and self-study. Nowadays, the environment we are living in is abundant with audio visual input and we as teachers ,thus, should be aware of the fact that environment can change students’ behavior towards language and language learning .What effects do these materials have on English speaking ability? The objective of this study is to find out whether there is difference in Iranian EFL learners’ accuracy in both audiovisual recorded (videos, movies ,etc.) and audio recorded tasks. For this purpose, 40 students of intermediate level were chosen and then were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups each of which was under different listening tasks. (Audio visual- and audio only). Data analysis showed that the group which was trained under AV listening tasks showed different effects on students’ accuracy, compared to the other group positioned using audio recorded. Based on the results of this study, it is imperative that teachers consider the types of activities and methods that can have influence over language learners’ speaking ability.