bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison between Single- and Double-Injection Technique for Ultrasound-Guided Supraclavicular Block: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Vallapureddy Suresh Kumar , Fultambkar Gajanan , Rajeswar Rao V. , Kukreja Vinay , Gurram Rammohan , Nair Abhijit
Published: July 2021

Background: The supraclavicular approach to brachial plexus block is a commonly employed regional anesthesia technique for providing surgical anesthesia and postoperative analgesia for patients undergoing upper limb fractures. With ultrasound (US) guidance, the success rate of the block is increased, and complications like pneumothorax and vascular puncture are minimized. The block can be performed using single injection at the corner pocket or double injection, that is, half of the drug at the corner pocket and the remaining half at the cluster of brachial plexus divisions. Methods: After institutional ethics committee approval, we randomized 40 patients scheduled with fractures for elective upper extremity surgery under US-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Twenty patients received 30 mL of local anesthetic at the corner pocket (group SI), and 20 patients received 30 mL of local anesthetic using the dual-injection technique in divided doses (group DI). Demographic data, time to block performance, time to sensory and motor block, total anesthesia-related time (TART), block success, and failure were compared between both groups. Results: The demographic data were comparable between both groups. The DI group had a significantly faster onset than the SI group (p = 0.0172). There was a statistically significant lesser performance time in group SI than in group DI (p < 0.034). The sensory and motor block achieved was comparable between both groups. Conclusion: The success rates in both the SI and DI techniques are comparable. The DI technique results in a faster onset and hence a shorter TART; however, it may not be clinically relevant.
Outcomes after Acute Peritoneal Dialysis for Critical Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 1
Authors: Parapiboon Watanyu , Kingjun Tanit , Wongluechai Laddaporn , Leawnoraset Waraporn
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The aim of the study was to demonstrate the outcomes of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in critically ill cardiorenal syndrome type 1 (CRS1). Methods: A cohort of 147 patients with CRS1 who received PD from 2011 to 2019 in a referral hospital in Thailand was analyzed. The primary outcome was 30-day in-hospital mortality. Ultrafiltration and net fluid balance among survivors and nonsurvivors in the first 5 PD sessions were compared. Results: The 30-day mortality rate was 73.4%. Most patients were critically ill CRS1 (all patients had a respiratory failure of which 68% had cardiogenic shock). Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine at the commencement of PD were 60.1 and 4.05 mg/dL. In multivariable analysis, increasing age, unstable hemodynamics, and positive fluid balance in the first 5 PD sessions were associated with the risk of in-hospital mortality. The change of fluid balance per day during the first 5 dialysis days was significantly different among survivor and nonsurvivor groups (−353 vs. 175 mL per day, p = 0.01). Conclusions: PD is a viable dialysis option in CRS1, especially in a resource-limited setting. PD can save up to 27% of lives among patients with critically ill CRS1.
Cyclosporin A as an Alternative Neuroimmune Strategy to Control Neurites and Recover Neuronal Tissues in Leprosy
Authors: Jesus Jessica Batista de , Sena Chubert Bernardo Castro de , Macchi Barbarella de Matos , do Nascimento José Luiz Martins
Published: July 2021

Leprosy, also known as Hansen’s disease, continues to have a substantial impact on infectious diseases throughout the world. Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae and shows a wide clinical and immunopathological spectrum related to the immune response of the host. This disease affects the skin and other internal organs with a predilection to infect Schwann cells, which play an active role during axonal degeneration, affecting peripheral nerves and promoting neurological damage. This chronic inflammation influences immune function, leading to neuroimmune disorders. Leprosy is also associated with neuroimmune reactions, including type 1 (reverse) and type 2 (erythema nodosum leprosum) reactions, which are immune-mediated inflammatory complications that can occur during the disease and appear to worsen dramatically; these complications are the main concerns of patients. The reactions may induce neuritis and neuropathic pain that progressively worsen with irreversible deformity and disabilities responsible for the immunopathological damage and glial/neuronal death. However, the neuronal damage is not always associated with the reactional episode. Also, the efficacy in the treatment of reactions remains low because of the nonexistence of a specific treatment and missing informations about the immunopathogenesis of the reactional episode. There is increasing evidence that peripheral neuron dysfunction strongly depends on the activity of neurotrophins. The most important neurotrophin in leprosy is nerve growth factor (NGF), which is decreased in the course of leprosy, as well as the presence of autoantibodies against NGF in all clinical forms of leprosy and neuroimmune reactions. The levels of autoantibodies against NGF are decreased by the immunomodulatory activity of cyclosporin A, which mainly controls pain and improves motor function and sensitivity. Therefore, the suppression of anti-NGF and the regulation of NGF levels can be attractive targets for immunomodulatory treatment and for controlling the neuroimmune reactions of leprosy, although further studies are needed to clarify this point.
Mandatory Vaccination in Child Daycare and Its Relevance to COVID-19
Authors: den Exter André
Published: July 2021

Last month, the European Human Rights Court in Strasbourg made a landmark ruling on mandatory vaccination of children. After a long legal battle that lasted 16 years, the Grand Chamber decided, in the Vavricka case, that a Czech national law imposing a statutory duty of a set of standard vaccinations for children under the age of 15 does not violate the right to private life as protected under the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Although the outcome of this ruling is not surprising, it may also have consequences relating to the controversy of mandatory COVID-19 vaccination which has been raised in other European countries.
The Potential Role of Sleep in Promoting a Healthy Body Composition: Underlying Mechanisms Determining Muscle, Fat, and Bone Mass and Their Association with Sleep
Authors: Stich Fabia M. , Huwiler Stephanie , D’Hulst Gommaar , Lustenberger Caroline
Published: July 2021

Sleep plays an essential role in human life. While sleep is a state elicited by the brain, its vital role reaches beyond maintaining brain health. Unhealthy sleeping habits have been associated with increased risk for inflammation, obesity, or diabetes. Evidence is emerging that sleep guides processes playing an important role in promoting the regulation of endocrine function involved in tissue regeneration and tissue remodelling. Thereby, sleep presumably is a critical factor contributing to the balance of core body tissues: bone, fat, and muscle mass. Given the increasing prevalence of various chronic diseases and comorbidities due to unhealthy lifestyle choices, sleep could be a key target to promote a healthy body composition up until old age. Here, we review the potential role of sleep and its underlying brain oscillations in body core tissues turnover. Specifically, we discuss potential underlying mechanisms linking sleep to body composition, both during rest and under challenging conditions. Among other described pathways, we highlight the possible role of the growth hormone that was found to be involved in the homeostasis of all core body tissues and has been strongly linked to brain activity dominating deep sleep, the so-called slow waves. Finally, we formulate important questions to be addressed in future research on the effect of sleep on body composition and specifically emphasize the importance of intervention studies to move from correlative to causal evidence.
Password authentication scheme based on smart card and QR code
Authors: Hasson Mushtaq , Yassin Ali A. , Yassin Abdulla J. , Rashid Abdullah Mohammed , Yaseen Aqeel A. , Alasadi Hamid
Published: July 2021

As a hopeful computing paradigm, cloud services are obtainable to end users based on pay-as-you-go service. Security is represented one of the vital issues for the extended adoption of cloud computing, with the object of accessing several cloud service providers, applications, and services by using anonymity features to authenticate the user. We present a good authentication scheme based on quick response (QR) code and smart card. Furthermore, our proposed scheme has several crucial merits such as key management, mutual authentication, one-time password, user anonymity, freely chosen password, secure password changes, and revocation by using QR code. The security of proposed scheme depends on crypto-hash function, QR-code validation, and smart card. Moreover, we view that our proposed scheme can resist numerous malicious attacks and are more appropriate for practical applications than other previous works. The proposed scheme has proved as a strong mutual authentication based on burrows-abadi-needham (BAN) logic and security analysis. Furthermore, our proposed scheme has good results compared with related work.
Numerical comparison between DPSK 33, DPSK 66 and duo binary in WOC system
Authors: Ali Mustafa H. , Ali Hazim M. , Hassan Tariq A.
Published: July 2021

OWC systems have turned into a state-of-the-art technology because of their superior performance uniqueness and its innumerable characteristic as compared to its RF. One of the OWC application is inter-satellite wireless optical communication (Is-WOC), this framework can be improved by using different ways such as advanced modulation formats and aperture diameter. We demonstrate an analysis based on the aperture diameter effect in transmission of single channel with 40 Gb/s Is-WOC system using three different modulation methods, differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) with a duty ratio to 66% and 33% and duobinary. Choosing these three modulations from various modulation format is done depending on the advantage they provide where the DPSK gives to fiber nonlinearity a powerful robustness and less susceptible to SPM and XPM and for system requirements of dispersion compensation in duobinary, it provides higher chromatic dispersion tolerance mitigate. The result shows the effect of different transmitter aperture diameter (from 2 to 20 cm) for a constant distance 200 km accomplished by quality factor and minimum BER. We conclude there is a great loss in the small aperture diameter, even in the presence of best modulation format, therefore as the aperture diameter increase the Q-factor increase, but some increased rise is linear and the other is changing from linear to non-linear in a fixed Q-factor point equal to 5.63.
Balanced islanding detection of integrated DG with phase angle between voltage and current
Authors: Goriparthy M Krishna , Lakshmi B Geetha
Published: July 2021

Theintegrationofrenewableenergysystemsisenhancingindailylifeforsupplyingtheglobaldemandforelectricenergy.Theconcerningproblemwiththeintegrationofsuchdistributedgeneration(DG)isislanding.Itmaydamagetheconsumersandequipment.AspertheIEEE1547DGintegrationspecificationsitmustbeidentifiedin2seconds.Inthisarticleanovelpassiverecognitionapproachoccupyingontherateofchangeofphaseanglebetweenpositivesequencevoltageandcurrentis(RCPABPSVAC)isproposed.Theexistingpassivemethodsfailedtodetectbalancedandlowpowermismatchislandingcases.Thesuggestedapproachcandoitandstronglyclassifiesthenonislandingsituationswiththeislandingsituations.ThesimulationsareimplementedinMATLAB/Simulinkenvironment.
A novel compact dual band RFID handheld reader antenna for microwave ISM band application
Authors: Belgacem Wahiba , Bousahla Miloud , Meriah Sidi Mohammed
Published: July 2021

This paper presents a new design of dual band RFID reader antenna for ISM-band industrial science and medical applications at 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz. Theantenna is designed and physically built using FR4 substrate and taking a 1.5 thickness, 4.3 relative permittivity and 0.025 loss tangents. Different slots havebeen introduced to reduce the antenna dimensions and to achieve the dual bandfor microwave ISM band application. The dimension of the proposed antenna is 34 × 34 × 1.5 mm3, which it could be easily integrated into RFID readers.Numerical simulations have been performed usingcomputer simulationtechnology (CST) Microwave Studio software. A parametric study wasinvestigated in order to show the effect of slots variation and to obtain the desiredfunctional characteristics. Experimental results show a good agreement withresults obtained by simulations. A satisfactorily omnidirectional for the radiationpatterns across the antenna operation bands was obtained.
Performance analysis routing protocol between RIPv2 and EIGRP with termination test on full mesh topology
Authors: Prehanto D. R. , Indriyanti A. D. , Permadi G. S.
Published: July 2021

Data access on a company is a very important part of an institution or a college. Especially in the present time, the internet has become an important thing in human life. With the existence of certain means there is a problem that will arise, needed solution or way out on a network that can be called protocol. Because an institution needs to choose network methods properly and safely.This study focuses on addressing the path/route of data packets to be sent will be governed by this routing protocol in the form of table routing. Routing used adip RIPv2 with EIGRP which will be compared on both routing protocol which is better against predetermined situation previous.The result of the research using CISCO Packet Tracer 7.10 software shows that EIGRP routing run on two topologies has faster convergence time speed with an average time of 0.01 - 0.02 seconds as well as the change of its routing table at once. Unlike RIPv2 routing that takes longer than EIGRP routing is with the time range from 0.01 to 0.19. 
Formulation of city health development index using data mining
Authors: Bertalya Bertalya , Prihandoko Prihandoko , Setyowati Lilis , Irawan Febrian Iftikhar , Irlianti Syahifa Rahmita
Published: July 2021

Every five years Public Health Research publishes a Public Health Development Index that describes public health in Indonesia. The Public Health Development Index is measured using data from the Public Health Research and the National Socio-Economic Survey, and the Village Potential Survey which is obtained by surveying from sampling data. In fact, the Provincial and City Health Offices have health profile data reports every year. For this reason, this study analyzes existing health profile data using data mining techniques to obtain indicator data that are very influential in formulating the City Health Development Index. This City Health Development Index was successfully formulated by adopting the Model of Public Health Development Index in 2013 and using indicators from annual health profile data which obtained from the data mining process, i.e., Random Forest algorithm. The proposed model can be used as the annual report of a city to describe the health condition of that city. For the future research, the model can be adopted to measure some specific aspects of city health condition.
Sentiment analysis on twitter tweets about COVID-19 vaccines usi ng NLP and supervised KNN classification algorithm
Authors: Mehedi Shamrat F. M. Javed , Chakraborty Sovon , Imran M. M. , Muna Jannatun Naeem , Billah Md. Masum , Das Protiva , Rahman Md. Obaidur
Published: July 2021

The pandemic has taken the world by storm. Almost the entire world went into lockdown to save the people from the deadly COVID-19. Scientists around the around have come up with several vaccines for the virus. Amongthem, Pfizer, Moderna, and AstraZeneca have become quite famous. General people however have been expressing their feelings about the safety and effectiveness of the vaccines on social media like Twitter. In this study, such tweets are being extracted from Twitter using a Twitter API authentication token. The raw tweets are stored and processed using NLP. The processed data is then classified using a supervised KNN classification algorithm. The algorithm classifies the data into three classes, positive, negative, and neutral. These classes refer to the sentiment of the general people whose Tweets are extracted for analysis. From the analysis it is seen that Pfizer shows 47.29%positive, 37.5% negative and 15.21% neutral, Moderna shows 46.16%positive, 40.71% negative, and 13.13% neutral, AstraZeneca shows 40.08%positive, 40.06% negative and 13.86% neutral sentiment.
Payload and quality augmentation using steganographic optimization technique based on edge detection
Authors: Alanezi Mafaz , Mohammed Altaay Iman Subhi , Hamid Malla'aloo Saja Younis
Published: July 2021

Information security is one of the most significant processes that must be taken into account when confidentially transferring information. This paper introduces a steganography technique using the edge detection method. It focused on three basic and important aspects’ payload, quality and security. Well-known edge detectors were used to generate as many edge pixels as possible to hide data and achieve the highest payload. The least significant bit (LSB) algorithm has been improved by extending the bits used to embed between 2-4 bits in smooth and sharp areas. To increase security, the transaction between the two parties is based on dividing the key and the cover image into several parts and agreeing on the type of edge detection.The experiments achieved the maximum load, for instance with a fuzzy edge detector, at first, embedding in 4 bitplanes if edge pixel and in 2 bitplanes if non-edge pixel, the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) increased from 43.580to 45.790. At second, embedding in 2 bitplanes if edge pixel, and in 4 bitplanes if non-edge pixel, the PSNR decreased between 38.433-41.593. The suggested scheme achieved a high pay load to embed in the cover image and according to human perception, it preserved the nature of the original image.
Smart system for monitoring ammonium nitrate storage warehouse
Authors: Ibrahim Maha Khalil , Hussien Nadia Mahmood , Alsaad Saad Najim
Published: July 2021

Ammonium nitrate (AN, NH4NO3) is one of the materials used in chemical industry and in agriculture. AN is not considered a fire risk but it is a strong oxidizing agent that can lead to fire and explosion, so, the ammonium nitrate must be stored under specific environmental conditions to avoid the occurrence of dangerous situations. In this paper, a smart monitoring system for Ammonium nitrate storage is developed. The system consists of three-parts: monitoring chemicals system part (MCS), warehouse monitoring part (WMP), and emergency part (EP). MCS includes several hardware components: Arduino microcontroller, Ds18b20 sensor, MQ sensors, system for mobile communication (GSM), global position system (GPS), buzzer, and LCD. Two types of alarms are designed, the first one is for the WMP that to receive the alarm when temperature is exceeds than a specific threshold in chemical warehouse. The second one is for EP. It represents the receiver part to receive the alarm with the location of the place that indicates to certain gases leakage that could cause a fire or explosion. Also, a buzzer is listening and display the sensor state on LCD. The system follows the object-oriented software engineering (OOSE) approach using unified modeling language (UML).
Modelling consumer’s intention to use iot devices: role of technophilia
Authors: Jahan Nusrat , Hosen Shawon Md. Abu , Sadia Farzana , Nitu Dilara Khanom , Ribon Md. Enam Kobir , Mahmud Imran
Published: July 2021

The present study has been conducted to examine whether skills and general technology-related value (GTV) required to operate the internet of things (IoT). This study also investigates is there any effect of technophilia to adopt IoT. The research method we use in this quantitative study was the sample survey. For investigating results, 352 surveys were conducted where 26 surveys were led through online and 292 surveys were distributed to different age groups. The proposed model was examined using partial least square structural equation model where the results revealed that IoT skills and General knowledge on technology directly contribute to technophilia which covers behavioural, emotional, and cognitive aspects. That is if people have a fascination for new technologies then they are willing to use IoT.
Experimental design for an enhanced parametric modeling of supercapacitor equivalent circuit model
Authors: Alsabari Ali Mohsen , Hassan M. K , CS Azura , Zafira Ribhan
Published: July 2021

The modelling of the supercapacitor (SC) plays an important role for the industrial application with many model representations such as electrical, chemical, and electrochemical models. Among one of those models are the equivalent circuit model which has been used to describe the real-time (charging/discharging) operation characteristics of the SC. Apart of its mathematical complexity, the time-consuming experimentally is also a real challenge for obtaining the internal parameters values for the SC. Choices of test equipment with a structure design of experiment also play important criteria affect the accuracy of the model. This research emphasis on a structured of experimental design for SC modelling by using Neware battery tester. The experimental exercise to attain internal parameters of the SC are described and discussed in the paper. The findings were benchmarked with an empirical model of previous researchers. The terminal voltage of SC was validated via experiment with maximum relative error of 0.045%. The model successfully reproduce the SC dynamic behavior during the charge/discharge phase which indicates the proposed method and model accuracy.
Intelligent voltage regulator for distributed generation-based network
Authors: Hamadouche Zwawi , Khiat Mounir , Iqbal Muhammad Asad
Published: July 2021

Power grids are being transformed into a smart distribution network that incorporates multiple distributed energy resources (DERs), ensuring stable operation and improved power quality at the same time. Many research papers have been published in recent years that discuss the voltage violation issues that emerge from the high penetration of distributed generation (DG). In this paper, we propose a new optimal voltage control technique based on feedforward neural networks (FFNN) to maintain a stable voltage profile. MATLAB®/Simulink® has been used to carry out the simulation. The simulation results show the efficiency of this method in voltage control. The proposed approach ensured a stable voltage profile for the considered schemes.
Relationship Between the Lecturer’s Role as Motivators to Learning Outcomes of Postpartum and Breastfeeding Midwifery Care Courses on Diploma III Midwifery Students
Authors: Sukmawati Yofa , Winora Okfa
Published: July 2021

Education is the process of changing the attitudes and behaviors of a person or group of people through the learning and training process. The lecturer’s role as motivators to increase enthusiasm and development of lecturer learning activities is required to motivate students to obtain maximum learning outcomes. This study aims to determine the relationship between the lecturer’s role as motivators and postpartum and breastfeeding midwifery care courses' learning outcomes. A type of quantitative research with analytical survey research design and cross-sectional approach. This research was conducted on diploma III midwifery students of STIKes I, with a total sample of 89 students. The data collected by using questionnaires and analyzed by Chi-Square test. The resultsshoweda significantrelationship between thelecturer's role as a motivator to learning outcomes of postpartum and breastfeeding midwifery care courses, with a p-value of 0.003. Conclusion: Lecturer's role as a motivator affects postpartum and breastfeeding midwifery care courses' learning outcomes.
Saberes y cuerpos generizados en la enseñanza de la lengua y la literatura: entre la escuela secundaria y la formación docente
Authors: Sardi Valeria
Published: July 2021

En este trabajo presentamos avances de la investigación “La formación docente en Letras desde un abordaje de género: ¿una deuda pendiente?” (2016-2019) dirigida por la Dra. Valeria Sardi - desarrollada en el Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Género del Instituto de Investigación de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, en la que analizamos los sentidos en disputa en torno a los saberes disciplinares y de género que se presentan a lo largo de la formación inicial en Letras en la universidad. A su vez, indagamos cómo en el espacio de la residencia docente se configuran modos de intervención que tensionan o integran la dimensión sexo-genérica. En este sentido, a partir del análisis de escrituras de la práctica de profesores/as en formación que registran su propia práctica en clases de Prácticas del Lenguaje y Literatura en aulas de escuelas secundarias de la ciudad de La Plata (Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina) indagamos en los modos en que los/as estudiantes se apropian de los saberes específicos atravesados por la dimensión sexo-genérica y, a su vez, cómo sus cuerpos y sus corporalidades se involucran y participan en la construcción epistémica generizada. En este sentido, a partir del análisis de escrituras de la práctica de profesores/as en formación que registran su propia práctica en clases de Prácticas del Lenguaje y Literatura en aulas de escuelas secundarias de la ciudad de La Plata (Pcia. de Buenos Aires, Argentina) indagamos en los modos en que los/as estudiantes se apropian de los saberes específicos atravesados por la dimensión sexo-genérica y, a su vez, cómo sus cuerpos y corporalidades se involucran y participan en la construcción epistémica generizada.
O efeito gangue sobre a dinâmica dos homicídios: um estudo sobre o caso de Cambé/PR
Authors: Lopes Cleber da Silva , Ferreira Anderson Alexandre
Published: July 2021

Este trabalho analisa os processos que produzem dinâmicas homicidas ascendentes em territórios marcados por conflitos entre gangues. O objetivo é entender como a emergência de gangues em determinados territórios impacta os padrões de violência letal entre jovens. Para demonstrar como o efeito gangue ocorre, analisamos os padrões de homicídios em um território periférico do município de Cambé, Paraná, ao longo de 15 anos (1991 a 2006). Os resultados mostram que as dinâmicas homicidas são fortemente impactadas por conflitos intragangues, disputas por poder e status entre membros de gangues e, principalmente, “guerras” de gangues.
Middle Cerebral Artery M2 Thrombectomy in the STRATIS Registry
Authors: Jumaa Mouhammad A. , Castonguay Alicia C. , Salahuddin Hisham , Jadhav Ashutosh P. , Limaye Kaustubh , Farooqui Mudassir , Zaidi Syed F. , Mueller-Kronast Nils , Liebeskind David S. , Zaidat Osama O. , Ortega-Gutierrez Santiago
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose:

The safety and benefit of mechanical thrombectomy in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke patients with M2 segment middle cerebral artery occlusions remain uncertain. Here, we compare clinical and angiographic outcomes in M2 versus M1 occlusions in the STRATIS (Systematic Evaluation of Patients Treated With Neurothrombectomy Devices for Acute Ischemic Stroke) Registry.

Methods:

The STRATIS Registry was a prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized, observational study of acute ischemic stroke large vessel occlusion patients treated with the Solitaire stent-retriever as the first-choice therapy within 8 hours from symptoms onset. Primary outcome was defined as functional disability at 3 months measured by dichotomized modified Rankin Scale. Secondary outcomes included reperfusion rates and rates of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.

Results:

A total of 984 patients were included, of which 538 (54.7%) had M1 and 170 (17.3%) had M2 occlusions. Baseline demographics were well balanced within the groups, with the exception of mean baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score which was significantly higher in the M1 population (17.3±5.5 versus 15.7±5.0,
P
≤0.001). No difference was seen in mean puncture to revascularization times between the cohorts (46.0±27.8 versus 45.1±29.5 minutes,
P
=0.75). Rates of successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction≥2b) were similar between the groups (91% versus 95%,
P
=0.09). M2 patients had significantly increased rates of symptomatic ICH at 24 hours (4% versus 1%,
P
=0.01). Rates of good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2; 58% versus 59%,
P
=0.83) and mortality (15% versus 14%,
P
=0.75) were similar between the 2 groups. There was no difference in the association of outcome and onset to groin puncture or onset to successful reperfusion in M1 and M2 occlusions.

Conclusions:

In the STRATIS Registry, M2 occlusions achieved similar rates of successful reperfusion, good functional outcome, and mortality, although increased rates of symptomatic ICH were demonstrated when compared with M1 occlusions. The time dependence of benefit was also similar between the 2 groups. Further studies are needed to understand the benefit of mechanical thrombectomy for M2 occlusions.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02239640.
Rapid Assessment of Blood Pressure Variability and Outcome After Successful Thrombectomy
Authors: Castro Pedro , Ferreira Francisca , Nguyen Cindy K. , Payabvash Seyedmehdi , Ozan Tan Can , Sorond Farzaneh , Azevedo Elsa , Petersen Nils
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose:

High blood pressure (BP) variability after endovascular stroke therapy is associated with poor outcome. Conventional BP variability measures require long recordings, limiting their utility as a risk assessment tool to guide clinical decision-making. Here, we performed rapid assessment of BP variability by spectral analysis and evaluated its association with early clinical improvement and long-term functional outcomes.

Methods:

We conducted a prospective study of 146 patients with anterior circulation ischemic stroke who underwent successful endovascular stroke therapy. Spectral analysis of 5-minute recordings of beat-to-beat BP was used to quantify BP variability. Outcomes included initial clinical response and modified Rankin Scale at 90 days.

Results:

Increased BP variability at high frequencies was independently associated with poor functional outcome at 90 days (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.85 [95% CI, 1.07–3.25],
P
=0.03; low-/high-frequency ratio aOR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.46–0.92],
P
=0.02) and reduced likelihood of an early neurological recovery (aOR, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.44–0.91],
P
=0.01 and aOR, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.03–1.87],
P
=0.04, respectively).

Conclusions:

High-frequency BP oscillations after successful reperfusion may be harmful and associate with a decreased likelihood of neurological recovery and favorable functional outcomes. Rapid assessment of BP variability throughout the postreperfusion period is feasible and may allow for a more personalized BP management.
The gender gap in highly prestigious international research awards, 2001–2020
Authors: Meho Lokman I.
Published: July 2021

This study examines gender disparities in the world’s 141 most prestigious international research awards. I find that (a) from 2001 to 2020 these awards were received 3,445 times by 2,011 men and 262 women; (b) women’s share increased from an annual average of 6% during 2001–2005 to an annual average of 19% during 2016–2020; (c) 49 of the 141 awards were not received by women during 2016–2020; and (d) when the numbers of female full professors are taken into consideration, the gender gap remains highly disproportionate in biological and life sciences, computer science, and mathematics. Overall, women would be expected to increase their share of awards by nearly 50% to achieve parity with men today. The study shows great similarities between men and women award recipients in journal articles per author, the average number of authors per article, the proportion of articles in top journals, citations per article, and participation in large research groups and international collaborations. I conclude that the gender gap in highly prestigious research awards is largely a result of demographic inertia and other factors that deserve further investigation.
The Roman Citadel in Pontic Olbia
Authors: Buiskikh Alla V. , Novichenkova Maria V.
Published: July 2021

This article treats the southern part of Pontic Olbia, where in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD internal fortifications were erected. The arrangement of the buildings there has been investigated and the lay-out of the structures excavated over the last forty years has been analysed. Individual finds have been examined and also the extent to which they correspond to the main elements in the material culture of Roman military camps within the European limes, particularly those within the Danubian provinces closest to Olbia. The conclusion has been drawn to the effect that the southern part of Olbia in the 2nd century AD and the first half of the 3rd was indeed a citadel, which housed a contingent of auxiliary troops and which could with every justification be compared to an auxiliary fort.
The Politics of Time, Transition, and Justice in Transitional Justice
Authors: Aboueldahab Noha
Published: July 2021

As transitional justice seeks to reckon with a violent past in order to build a more peaceful future, its practitioners tend to operate on the assumption that the past, present and future are distinct periods. Globally, however, as different regions and states undergo different phases of transitional justice, it is difficult to identify linear processes of transition and of justice. When understood as a fluid process, transitional justice elicits questions about how governments, judiciaries, civil society, and victims engage with it as a vehicle for political change, repression, and justice. This engagement constitutes a complex set of interactions, ebbs, and flows that take place across space and time. With the benefit of hindsight and a mosaic of transitions, this special issue aims to recognise and interrogate the centrality and complexity of time in transition, justice, and transitional justice. The authors discuss five overarching dimensions of time: the timing of transitional justice interventions, the institutionalisation of time, the compartmentalisation of time, the politicisation of time, and ways to reconcile the temporal dichotomies of various transitional justice mechanisms
Music Tempo and Perception of Time: Musically Trained vs Nontrained Individuals
Authors: Plastira Miria N. , Avraamides Marios N.
Published: July 2021

In this experiment we explored the effect of music tempo on the perception of time. Musically trained and nontrained participants carried out a reproduction task with music clips of various durations and tempos. Results revealed that the reproduced durations were longer for fast-tempo music clips than for slow-tempo music clips of equal duration. In addition, short clips were more accurately reproduced compared to longer stimuli. Notably, the error in reproducing the duration of a stimulus was overall lower for musically trained than nontrained participants, but more so for short than long clips. Finally, the accuracy in estimating the duration of the music clips correlated positively with years of musical training, further suggesting that musical training is a critical variable for time estimation.
Review of the leafhopper genus Hatigoria Distant with one new species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Hylicinae)
Authors: TANG JIU , ZHANG YALIN
Published: July 2021

The taxonomy of the hylicine genus Hatigoria Distant is reviewed based on morphological study of the types and other specimens. The male external morphology and genitalia of two known species, H. praeiens Distant, 1908 and H. sauteri Jacobi, 1914, are described and photographed for the first time. A description and figures of the female ovipositor of H. praeiens Distant, 1908 are provided. One new species, H. longistylia n. sp., from Laos and China is reported with descriptions and figures. This also represents the first record of the genus Hatigoria from Laos. A key to adult males of all species is provided.
A new species of Tarphius Erichson, 1845 (Coleoptera: Zopheridae) from Iran
Authors: MÜLLER JÖRG , SCHUH RUDOLF
Published: July 2021

The Hyrcanian Forest, located south of the Caspian Sea, represents a remarkably intact temperate forest ecosystem containing large numbers of endemic plants and animals, including beetles. Here we describe a new species of Tarphius Erichson, 1845 (Coleoptera: Zopheridae Solier, 1834) as the currently most eastern Tarphius species known. Tarphius hyrcanicus n. sp. is the first Tarphius species recorded from the Middle East. Its habitat and geographic positions are also reported. The discovery of this presumably endemic species in the Hyrcanian Forest underlines the importance of this Tertiary forest relict in the conservation of the biodiversity of temperate forests.
Modeling Heat Transfer Enhancement of Ferrofluid (Fe3O4–H2O) Flow in a Microchannel Filled with a Porous Medium
Authors: Hindebu Rikitu Bullo , Daniel Makinde Oluwole , Enyadene Lemi Guta
Published: July 2021

Heat transfer characteristics and hydrodynamical properties of ferrofluid through microchannels with non-uniform permeable walls temperature and filled with porous media plays an important role in modern microfluidic applications, such as solar collectors, nuclear reactors, micro-electro-chemical
cell transport, micro heat exchanging, microchip cooling, and electronic equipment. Therefore, this paper presents the investigation of ferrofluid (Fe3O4-H2O) heat transfer characteristics as well as hydrodynamical properties in a permeable microchannel with
non-uniform permeable walls. The semi-discretization finite difference method is utilized to solve the highly non-linear partial differential equations that govern the momentum and energy equations. Accordingly, the numerical outcomes reveal that the ferrofluid velocity and temperature profiles
indicate a rising trend as the pressure gradient parameter, the variable viscosity parameter, the Darcy number, the Eckert number, and Prandtl number increase. The Reynolds number, which is a suction/injection parameter, shows a contrary influence on the ferrofluid velocity and temperature
whereas nanoparticles volume fraction and the Forchheimer constant show a decreasing effect on the ferrofluid velocity and temperature. The outcomes also depict that the coefficient of skin friction at the cold wall of the microchannel is larger for higher values of the nanoparticles volume
fraction, the variable viscosity parameter, the Darcy number, and the Eckert number. Besides, the coefficient of skin friction at the hot wall rises with the Darcy number, and the Prandtl number. Furthermore, the heat transfer rate at both cold and hot walls of the microchannel increases as
the variable viscosity parameter, the Darcy number, the Eckert number, and the Prandtl number increase. The nanoparticles volume fraction and Darcy number show a retarding effect on the heat transfer rate at both walls of the microchannel.
Ocean Salinity changes in the global ocean under global warming conditions Part 1: Mechanisms in a strong warming scenario
Authors: Sathyanarayanan Anju , Köhl Armin , Stammer Detlef
Published: July 2021

We investigate mechanisms underlying salinity changes projected to occur under strong representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5 forcing conditions. The study is based on output of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model Mixed Resolution (MPI-ESM-MR) run with an ocean resolution of 0.4°. In comparison to the present-day oceanic conditions, sea surface salinity (SSS) increases towards the end of the 21st century in the tropical and the subtropical Atlantic. In contrast, a basin-wide surface freshening can be observed in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The RCP8.5 scenario of the MPI-ESM-MR with a global surface warming of ~2.3°C marks a water cycle amplification of 19 %, which is equivalent to ~8%°C−1 and thus close to the water cycle amplification predicted according to the Clausius–Clapeyron (CC) relationship (~7%°C−1). Large scale global SSS changes are driven by adjustments of surface freshwater fluxes. On smaller spatial scales, it is predominantly advection related to circulation changes that affects near-surface SSS. With respect to subsurface salinity, it is changes in surface freshwater flux that drive their changes over the upper 500 m of the subtropical Pacific and Indian oceans by forcing changes in water mass formation (spice signal). In the subtropical Atlantic Ocean, in contrast, the dynamical response associated with wind stress, circulation changes and associated heaving of isopycnals is equally important in driving subsurface salinity changes over the upper 1000 m.
Traditionalism vs egalitarianism: Is there an association between gender attitudes and mental health?
Authors: King Tania , Perales Francisco , Singh Ankur , Gurrin Lyle , Crammond Bradley
Published: July 2021

Objective:

This study sought to assess the extent to which gender attitudes are associated with mental health among Australian men and women.

Methods:

This study used a sample of 26,188 individuals drawn from five waves of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey. Gender attitudes were classified into three groups (traditional, moderate-egalitarian and egalitarian), and were constructed from six items. Mental health was measured using the Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5). We calculated the magnitude of associations between gender attitudes and mental health, stratified by gender, and adjusted for potential confounding.

Results:

Compared to men with egalitarian attitudes, poorer mental health was observed among men with moderate-egalitarian (−1.16, 95% confidence interval = [−1.84, −0.49]) and traditional gender attitudes (−2.57, 95% confidence interval = [−3.33, −1.81]). Among women, poorer mental health was observed among those with moderate-egalitarian (−0.78, 95% confidence interval = [−1.34, −0.22]) and traditional attitudes (−1.91, 95% confidence interval = [−2.55, −1.26]) compared to those with egalitarian attitudes.

Conclusions:

For both men and women, egalitarian gender attitudes were associated with better mental health.
Public attitudes toward economic growth versus environmental sustainability dilemma: Evidence from Europe
Authors: Gugushvili Dimitri
Published: July 2021

As global warming and other environmental threats intensify and become more visible, scientists are increasingly questioning the desirability of economic growth as an overarching national and global policy imperative. Several theories in environmental sociology and economics—degrowth, steady-state economy, and “agrowth”—offer compelling arguments that environmental sustainability and continuous economic growth are incompatible. However, there is a shortage of empirical evidence about public opinion on the growth versus environment dilemma, despite its great relevance for the social legitimacy of governments’ approach to the issue. In this article, we aim to narrow this research gap by applying multilevel models to data from the 2017 European Values Study (EVS). We find that the idea of sacrificing a certain level of growth for the sake of the environment receives high levels of support in most European countries. Nevertheless, within countries, we find clear indications of social divides in opinions regarding the growth versus environment dilemma: post-materialists, politically left-leaning people, the better-off, and the higher-educated are in favor of reduced growth, whereas materialists, right-wing individuals, and disadvantaged groups prioritize the economy over ecological concerns. At the country level, economic affluence is associated with greater support for reduced growth, irrespective of the differences in post-materialist values and the ecological situation. In practical terms, our results suggest that politicians can be bolder in promoting substantive environmental measures, even those that reduce growth.
Abandoning dishonesty—A brief German comment on the state of the law after Ivey
Authors: Bohlander Michael
Published: July 2021

The debate about the two-pronged Ghosh test for dishonesty has troubled academics and practitioners alike for some time. Concerns were raised about the jury’s ability to determine both the objective honesty standard and the defendant’s personal compliance with it, which might result in non-meritorious personal views allowing her to escape a dishonesty verdict. In Ivey, followed by Barton and Booth, the subjective test was abandoned altogether. The change has brought no doctrinal improvement, but instead unacceptably broadened criminal liability. Leaving the determination of a nebulous moral concept such as dishonesty to the jury is misguided, as it means determining a normative rule in the first place, which is not the jury’s role. Looking at the German law on theft and fraud as a comparator system, the paper argues that dishonesty should be abandoned and replaced by a lawfulness element to which the rules on mistake of civil law can then be applied.
Normative Ambulatory Reflux Monitoring Metrics for Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: A Systematic Review of 720 Healthy Individuals
Authors: Lechien Jerome R. , Chan Walter W. , Akst Lee M. , Hoppo Toshitaka , Jobe Blair A. , Chiesa‐Estomba Carlos M. , Muls Vinciane , Bobin Francois , Saussez Sven , Carroll Thomas L. , Vaezi Michael F. , Bock Jonathan M.
Published: July 2021

Objectives

To review the normative data for acid, weakly acid, and nonacid proximal esophageal (PRE) and hypopharyngeal reflux (HRE) events in diagnosing laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) using ambulatory reflux monitoring.

Data Sources

PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus.

Review Methods

A literature search was conducted about the normative data for PRE and HRE on multichannel intraluminal impedance–pH monitoring (MII‐pH), hypopharyngeal‐esophageal MII‐pH (HEMII‐pH), or oropharyngeal pH monitoring using PICOTS (population, intervention, comparison, outcome, timing, and setting) and PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses) statements. Outcomes reviewed included device characteristics, impedance/pH sensor placements, study duration, number/average and percentiles of PRE or HRE occurrence, and the event characteristics (pH, composition, and position).

Results

Of 154 identified studies, 18 met criteria for analysis, including 720 healthy individuals. HEMII‐pH, MII‐pH, and oropharyngeal pH monitoring were used in 7, 6, and 5 studies, respectively. The definition and inclusion/exclusion criteria of healthy individuals varied substantially across studies, with 6 studies considering only digestive symptoms to exclude potential LPR patients. Substantial heterogeneity across studies was noted, including impedance/pH sensor placements/configurations and definitions of composition (liquid, gas, mixed) and type (acid, weakly acid, nonacid) of PRE/HRE. The 95th percentile thresholds were 10 to 73 events for PRE, 0 to 10 events for HRE on HEMII‐pH, and 40 to 128 for events with pH <6.0 on oropharyngeal pH monitoring. Most HREs were nonacid and occurred upright. The mean HRE among healthy individuals was 1.

Conclusion

The low number of studies and the heterogeneity in inclusion criteria, definitions, and characterization of PRE and HRE limit the establishment of consensual normative criteria for LPR on ambulatory reflux monitoring. Future large multicenter studies are needed.