bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Saksi Pidana Pembunuhan dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana dengan Hukum Islam
Authors: Mentari Besse Muqita Rijal
Published: May 2022

Studi komparasi sebagai metode penelitian terhadap artikel sanksi pidana pembunuhan dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana dengan Hukum Islam. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Wilayah Kabupaten Wajo dengan menggunakan Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara serta Observasi sedangkan Sampel yang dipergunakan adalah dengan menggunakan Purposive sampling, kemudian Data dianalisis secara Normatif, dimana bertujuan untuk Mengetahui “Bagaimana sanksi pidana pembunuhan menurut KUHP Berdasarkan latar belakang masalah di atas, maka permasalahan yang akan dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah: “Bagaimana sanksi pidana pembunuhan menurut hukum Islam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Tindak pidana pembunuhan ialah kejahatan yang dilakukan berupa penyerangan terhadap nyawa orang lain. Tindak pidana pembunuhan yang dilakukan dengan sengaja dalam KUHP diatur dalam Buku Kedua Bab XIX Pasal 338 sampai dengan Pasal 350 mengenai Kejahatan Terhadap Nyawa. Sedangkan pada tindak pidana pembunuhan yang tidak sengaja diatur dalam Buku Kedua Bab XXI KUHP Pasal 359. Hukum Islam membagi tindak pidana pembunuhan menjadi tiga macam, yaitu pembunuhan yang dilakukan dengan sengaja, pembunuhan yang dilakukan tidak dengan sengaja dan pembunuhan yang dilakukan menyerupai sengaja. Landasan hukum mengenai tindak pidana pembunuhan ini diatur dalam beberapa ayat dalam Al Quran dan juga diatur dalam Hadist Nabi Muhammad SAW. Hukum pidana Indonesia maupun hukum pidana Islam menguraikan unsur kesengajaan adalah berupa perbuatan yang dikehendaki pelakunya akan menimbulkan suatu akibat tertentu. Dalam hal tindak pidana pembunuhan yang disengaja, akibat yang dikehendaki oleh pelaku adalah meninggalnya orang lain. Sedangkan pada pembunuhan yang tidak disengaja pelaku tidak menghendaki akibat yang akan terjadi. Oleh sebab itu dalam KUHP maupun hukum Islam sanksi pidana pembunuhan yang disengaja akan lebih berat daripada yang tidak disengaja. Sanksi pidana pembunuhan yang diatur dalam KUHP dapat berupa pidana mati, pidana penjara, pidana kurungan dan pidana tambahan. Sedangkan dalam hukum pidana Islam sanksi pidana pembunuhan dapat berupa hukuman qishash, hukuman diyat, kifarat, dan hukuman ta’zir. Hukum pidana Indonesia merupakan mutlak hukum publik (hukum Negara), yaitu hukum yang mengatur hubungan antara orang/perseorangan (warga negara) dengan Negara.
Penyelesaian Perkara Lalu Lintas Berbasis Elektronik dalam Upaya Mengurangi Penumpukan Perkara dan Pungutan Liar
Authors: Jupri Jupri , Koni Yoslan , Moonti Roy Marthen
Published: May 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan penyelesaian perkara lalu lintas berbasis elektronik di daerah untuk mengetahui hambatan-hambatan penyelesaian perkara lalu lintas berbasis elektronik. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian empiris. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini jenis penelitian empiris. Pelaksanaan penyelesaian perkara lalu lintas berbasis elektronik di daerah yaitu pelanggar menerima ID Tilang melalui SMS, kemudian melakukan transfer melalui rekening bank. Setelah itu membawa bukti pembayaran e-Tilang ke kejaksaan negeri untuk ditukar dengan barang bukti yang disita, kemudian si Pelanggar mendapatkan ID Tilang melalui SMS, si pelanggar ke pengadilan negeri untuk mengikuti sidang dan membayar disana dan si pelanggar menerima ID Tilang melalui sms. Pelanggar mendatangi pengadilan untuk melihat pengumuman sidang lalu lintas dan pihak pengadilan mengarahkan untuk membayar di kejaksaan dan hambatan-hambatan penyelesaian perkara lalu lintas berbasis elektronik yaitu faktor hukum, faktor social dan faktor masyarakat. Dalam pelaksanaan penyelesaian perkara lalu lintas ke depan seharusnya ini dituangkan di dalam undang-undang sehingga penerapannya masih bisa lebih jelas, kemudian juga dibutuhkan sosialisasi yang lebih mendalam terkait dengan proses penindakannya sehingga masyarakat akan bisa memahami.
Optimalisasi Pelayanan Sekretariat KPU kepada Komisioner KPU dalam Menyelenggarakan Pemilihan Umum
Authors: R. Karina Rahmiz A. , Yasin H. M.
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran Sekretariat KPU Kabupaten Bone, khususnya dalam meningkatkan kualitas aparatur yang handal, profesional dan proporsional, sehingga dapat memberikan pelayanan yang optimal kepada Komisioner KPU dalam menyelenggarakan Pemilihan Umum. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi pelayanan Sekretariat KPU kepada Komisioner KPU dalam menyelenggarakan Pemilihan Umum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian empiris. Data diperoleh secara langsung dari objek penelitian di lapangan melalui pengamatan dan wawancara kepada narasumber. Data diolah dan dianalisis dengan cara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa pelayanan yang dilakukan Sekretariat KPU Kabupaten Bone berdasarkan UU No. 7 Tahun 2017, yaitu memfasilitasi KPU Kabupaten Bone dalam penyelenggaraan Pemilu sesuai dengan tupoksinya adalah memberi pelayanan, antara lain yaitu a. pelayanan di bidang administrasi yang meliputi surat menyurat, pelaporan dan pertanggungjawaban; b. pelayanan di bidang keuangan yang meliputi penyusunan dan perumusan anggaran sesuai kebutuhan penyelenggaraan Pemilu, menerima, membelanjakan dan mempertanggungjawabkan sesuai peraturan perundang-undangan; dan c. pelayanan di bidang sarana prasarana meliputi logistik Pemilu, mengelola dan memelihara aset dan inventaris KPU serta memelihara seluruh fasilitas yang dimiliki oleh KPU. Adapun faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pelayanan Sekretariat KPU Kabupaten Bone dalam memfasilitasi Komisioner KPU Kabupaten Bone sehingga belum mencapai hasil yang optimal, antara lain dipengaruhi oleh sumber daya manusia aparatur, lingkungan kerja, dan geografis atau faktor alam.
Juridical Analysis of the Presidential Threshold in Indonesia
Authors: Rezah Farah Syah , Sapada Andi Tenri
Published: May 2022

This study aims to determine the juridical fundamentals and analyze the constitutionality of the provisions of the Presidential Threshold against the 1945 Constitution. The type of research used is normative or doctrinal legal research using a comparative law approach. The method of analysis in this study is to use qualitative analysis. The study results indicate that the Presidential Threshold mechanism in Indonesia has had juridical fundamentals from 2004 until now. In this case, it includes Article 6A section (2) and section (5) of the 1945 Constitution, Article 5 section (4) and Article 101 of Law No. 23 of 2003, Article 9 of Law No. 42 of 2008, to Article 222 of Law No. 7 of 2017. However, Article 222 of Law No. 7 of 2017 is a closed legal policy and not an open legal policy. Therefore, the Presidential Threshold mechanism regulated in Articles of Law up to Article 222 of Law no. 7 of 2017 can be judged unconstitutional or contrary to the 1945 Constitution. Based on this conclusion, it is suggested that the Constitutional Court consider the juridical language of Article 6A section (5) of the 1945 Constitution. In this case, Law No. 7 of 2017 does not contradict the 1945 Constitution. In addition, it is also recommended for Legislators to make amendments to Law No. 7 of 2017. Furthermore, it is hoped that Legislators will consider increasing the Parliamentary Threshold as an effort to strengthen the presidential system in Indonesia.
Tinjauan Yuridis Pertanggungjawaban Pelaku di Indonesia Terkait Tindak Pidana Aborsi
Authors: Pandamdari Endang , Djajaputra Gunawan , M. Asror Endyk
Published: May 2022

Suatu kegiatan untuk menggugurkan kandungan dapat disebut dengan aborsi. Kegiatan aborsi yakni salah satu tindakan melawan hukum dan Undang - Undang melarangnya, namun aborsi dapat dilakukan apabila terdapat perkecualian seperti berdasarkan Undang-undang No 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan dalam Pasal 75 ayat 2.   Dapat dibetulkan serta boleh dilakukan menurut ketetapan hukum adalah aborsi yang dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk kebaikan kesehatan  ataupun untuk keselamatan nyawa seseorang.  Saat ini aborsi yang paling banyak dilakukan yaitu aborsi melawan hukum, hal itu dilarang oleh Undang - Undang. Didalam Kitab Undang - Undang Hukum Pidana dapat dihukum Pelaku aborsi ilegal yang meliputi pihak perempuan dan laki - laki beserta dokter yang membantu tindakan aborsi ilegal dapat diancam pidana sesuai dengan aturan yang berlaku.
Digitalisierung der Streitbeilegung
Authors: Deichsel Tamara
Published: May 2022

The subject of this work is the development of an overall concept for the digitization of the German dispute resolution landscape, taking into account the state civil justice system, out-of-court dispute resolution and dispute resolution procedures in online commerce. From an overarching perspective, the study examines how the use of technological tools could make dispute resolution in Germany more modern and more attractive again. The use of technical tools in the various procedural stages of any dispute resolution is not only intended to facilitate and simplify access to dispute resolution, but also to show how this could create an effective, fast and resource-saving dispute resolution.
Nutritional Interventions to Reduce Methane Emissions in Ruminants
Authors: Samal Lipismita , Kumar Dash Susanta
Published: May 2022

Methane is the single largest source of anthropogenic greenhouse gases produced in ruminants. As global warming is a main concern, the interest in mitigation strategies for ruminant derived methane has strongly increased over the last years. Methane is a natural by-product of anaerobic microbial (bacteria, archaea, protozoa, and fungi) fermentation of carbohydrates and, to a lesser extent, amino acids in the rumen. This gaseous compound is the most prominent hydrogen sink product synthesized in the rumen. It is formed by the archaea, the so-called methanogens, which utilize excessive ruminal hydrogen. Different nutritional strategies to reduce methane production in ruminants have been investigated such as dietary manipulations, plant extracts, lipids and lipid by-products, plant secondary metabolites, flavonoids, phenolic acid, statins, prebiotics, probiotics, etc. With the range of technical options suggested above, it is possible to develop best nutritional strategies to reduce the ill effects of livestock on global warming. These nutritional strategies seem to be the most developed means in mitigating methane from enteric fermentation in ruminants and some are ready to be applied in the field at the moment.
The Impact of Online Learning Strategies on Students’ Academic Performance
Authors: Hamdan Khaled , Amorri Abid
Published: May 2022

Higher education institutions have shifted from traditional face to face to online teaching due to Corona virus pandemic which has forced both teachers and students to be put in a compulsory lockdown. However the online teaching/learning constitutes a serious challenge that both university teachers and students have to face, as it necessarily requires the adoption of different new teaching/learning strategies to attain effective academic outcomes, imposing a virtual learning world which involves from the students’ part an online access to lectures and information, and on the teacher’s side the adoption of a new teaching approach to deliver the curriculum content, new means of evaluation of students’ personal skills and learning experience. This chapter explores and assesses the online teaching and learning impact on students’ academic achievement, encompassing the passing in review the adoption of students’ research strategies, the focus of the students’ main source of information viz. library online consultation and the collaboration with their peers. To reach this end, descriptive and parametric analyses are conducted in order to identify the impact of these new factors on students’ academic performance. The findings of the study shows that to what extent the students’ online learning has or has not led to any remarkable improvements in the students’ academic achievements and, whether or not, to any substantial changes in their e-learning competence. This study was carried out on a sample of University College (UAEU) students selected in Spring 2019 and Fall 2020.
The Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training and Eugenol Supplementation on the Wnt, TGF-β, and Beta-Catenin gene Expression in Myocardial Tissue of Poisoned Rats Induced by Chlorpyrifos
Authors: Parsa-Lisar Fatemeh , Matinhomaei Hasan , Azarbayjani Mohammad Ali
Published: May 2022

: Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate toxin used to control agricultural pests that cause oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cell destruction in various body tissues, including the heart. The expression of Wnt, TGFβ, and beta-catenin plays a crucial role in cardiac fibrosis development. No study has investigated changes in the function of these genes following physical activity and eugenol supplementation in chlorpyrifos intoxication. The present study investigated the independent and interactive effect of aerobic exercise and eugenol supplementation on the Wnt, TGFβ, and beta-catenin gene expression in the heart tissue of rats poisoned with chlorpyrifos. Forty-two male rats were divided into seven groups: healthy control, healthy receiving DMSO as chlorpyrifos toxin solvent, healthy receiving corn oil as eugenol solvent, poisoned control, aerobic exercise poisoning, eugenol poisoning, aerobic poisoning, and eugenol poisoning. The expression of the desired genes in the hearts of rats was measured after providing the intervention. Data were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests. Statistical significance was considered when P ≤ 0.05. Poisoning significantly increased the Wnt, TGFβ, and beta-catenin gene expression in the heart tissue. The use of exercise and supplementation reduced the Wnt, TGFβ, and beta-catenin gene expression, each independently, in the hearts of poisoned rats. Exercise-eugenol interaction did not significantly reduce the gene expression than exercise or supplementation alone. Overall, the present study showed the positive role of exercise and eugenol in reducing chronic cardiac toxicity on Wnt, TGFβ, and beta-catenin gene expression.
A virada linguística na filosofia geográfica de Milton Santos
Authors: Carneiro Rosalvo Nobre
Published: May 2022

A década de 1990 revela movimentos importantes no pensamento do geógrafo Milton Santos. Nesse contexto, há muitas periodizações realizadas por geógrafos e não geógrafos para a sua trajetória intelectual. Todavia, não se busca acrescentar mais uma, mas tão somente objetiva-se argumentar sobre a passagem de uma Filosofia da Consciência para uma filosofia linguística ou intersubjetiva no pensamento geográfico miltoniano. Concentra-se a análise em suas obras e artigos escritos desde 1990, e cujas ideias se encontram sedimentadas, especialmente, em A natureza do espaço: técnica, tempo, razão e emoção. Parte-se do pressuposto da sua filiação teórica com a filosofia mentalista ou subjetiva que marcou seu arcabouço teórico-metodológico até então. Verificou-se que a racionalidade comunicativa ou intersubjetiva, a linguagem como meio de entendimento entre os atores sociais e, consequentemente, o agir comunicativo foram incorporados em sua filosofia geográfica crítica. Conclui-se que Milton Santos avança na consideração da intersubjetividade linguística como dado explicativo do espaço, sem que abandone, porém, sua ancoragem na filosofia geográfica subjetiva.
Uma leitura da urbanização recente da cidade de Luanda a partir da teoria dos dois circuitos da economia urbana
Authors: Afonso Luiekakio
Published: May 2022

Este artigo sobre a urbanização de Luanda, capital de Angola, configura-se como um ensaio que objetivou analisar e produzir uma leitura sobre as principais metamorfoses ocorridas na região metropolitana como um todo e suas especificidades. Para a sua materialização, utilizou-se como suporte teórico-metodológico a teoria dos dois circuitos da economia urbana dos países subdesenvolvidos proposto por Milton Santos em 1979 na sua obra “O Espaço Dividido”. Percebeu-se com o estudo que, a sociedade angolana está marcada por profundas desigualdades socio-espaciais, sobretudo nos espaços urbanos. A cidade de Luanda é a personificação dessas desigualdades que se traduzem na existência, por um lado, de um reduzido espaço central “a cidade formal”, constituído pelo núcleo urbano antigo “modernizado” (a Baixa da Cidade) com a centralização da oferta de bens e serviços e com predomínio das atividades do circuito superior da economia urbana e, por outro lado, está a extensa periferia (a cidade informal dominada pelos musseques), com reduzida oferta de bens e serviços e onde prevalecem as atividades do circuito inferior da economia urbana. Apesar de existir uma estratégia nacional de fomento à habitação (que resultou no surgimento de novas urbanizações, centralidades e habitações sociais), orientada a desencorajar as práticas de ocupação ilegal de terrenos e favorecer o crescimento urbano ordenado, o fato é que se observa ainda a expansão contínua da mancha urbana alimentada pela informalidade.
A rede KFC em Belo Horizonte (MG): uma leitura a partir da teoria dos circuitos da economia urbana
Authors: Araújo Marina , Tozi Fábio
Published: May 2022

O artigo discute a implantação da rede estadunidense de fast-food Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), especializada na venda de frango frito em baldes, em Belo Horizonte (MG). Simultaneamente, analisa o desenvolvimento de redes e estabelecimentos brasileiros que mimetizam o conceito do KFC, tendo como base a teoria dos dois circuitos da economia urbana propostos por Milton Santos (SANTOS, 1979). Estes estabelecimentos conformam, na cidade, a existência de “imitações” (vinculadas ao circuito inferior ou superior marginal), que antecederam a própria presença do “original” (representativo do circuito superior). Assim, o território revela localizações e especializações que se diferenciam pelos graus de capital, tecnologia e organização. Nessa relação dialética, observou-se que as franquias nacionais/regionais, estabelecimentos locais e filiais do KFC coexistem, originando novas composições, a depender do contexto socioespacial existente nos lugares e abrigando superposições de divisões sociais, territoriais do trabalho e distintos agentes que atuam de forma interdependente. A pesquisa se apoiou em entrevistas semiestruturadas e trabalhos de campo realizados em unidades do KFC, franquias brasileiras e estabelecimentos locais no município de Belo Horizonte (MG).
The Effects of a Yearlong Recess Intervention on Body Fat Shifts in Elementary-Aged Children
Authors: Farbo David J. , Rhea Deborah J.
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Obesity has continued to rise in recent years due to a lack of physical activity. The school environment contributes to this problem as opportunities for physical activity are eliminated for more classroom time. Recess, defined as unstructured, outdoor play, can increase MVPA and improve current obesity trends. This study aimed to examine body fat category shift differences in children who received 40-60 minutes and those who received 30 minutes. A secondary purpose was to examine differences by district, sex, grade, and race across both groups since they received more than the national average for recess.

Methods: Students in 2nd-5th grade (7-11 years old) (N=393) were selected from schools serving as an intervention (N=190) or control school (N=203) in a larger longitudinal intervention titled Let’s Inspire Innovation N’ Kids (LiiNK). Bio-electrical impedance analysis was used to categorize students as either underfat, healthy, overfat, or obese. These categories were then used to determine if students shifted a category between pre and post-measurements.

Results: At least 30 minutes of recess was significantly associated with a body fat shift in 2nd graders and females. Additionally, the percentage of obese students did not change over the school year. There was no association between the group, sex, or race.

Conclusion: Due to this study occurring during COVID-19, it is hard to make definitive conclusions on the effects of increased recess time on obesity. However, some positive trends are pointing towards recess as a successful method of preventing a rise in childhood obesity.
Measurement Tools of Pediatric Nutrition and Health Suitable or Adaptable for Low- and Middle-Income Countries in Field Research Settings
Authors: Kalami Venus S. , Miller Laurie C. , Ausman Lynne , Rogers Beatrice
Published: May 2022

Background: Micronutrient status, body composition, gastrointestinal (GI) functioning, and neurological functioning are important facets of pediatric nutrition and health. When studied in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), information about these elements is usually obtained via standardized surveys and traditional anthropometry. While convenient, these evaluations offer limited information that may be prone to error and bias. However, a variety of underutilized objective measurement tools exist which can promote a more objective, comprehensive, and deeper understanding of these aspects of pediatric nutrition and health in LMIC.

Objective: Identify field-friendly, relatively low-cost, and portable tools that provide objective measurements of micronutrient status, body composition, GI functioning, and neurological functioning in young children.

Methods: A narrative review of the literature was conducted to assess the state-of-the-art field-friendly research tools targeting micronutrient status, body composition, GI functioning, and neurological functioning in children in LMIC.

Results: A number of field-friendly tools addressing the domains of micronutrient status, GI health, body composition, and neurological functioning were identified. While many tools remain to be fully validated, these tools have yet to be used to their full potential in field-based pediatric nutrition and health research in LMICs.

Conclusions: More robust, field-friendly assessment methods will help to refine knowledge on the state of pediatric health of vulnerable children in LMIC. Such awareness could contribute to the design of interventions, programs and policies, and further research.
Validation of MUAC Cut-Offs of WHO for Diagnosis of Acute Malnutrition among Children under 5 Years in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Qadri Mehreen , Baig Lubna Ansari , Ahmer Zaeema , Asim Aimen , Aly Syed Moin
Published: May 2022

Objective: To validate the WHO recommended Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) cut-offs for acute malnutrition screening in children younger than five in Karachi, Pakistan.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, including an anthropometric examination following WHO guidelines. Height was measured using Stadiometer and Infantometer. The link between MUAC and Weight-for-Height-Z score (WHZ) for different cut-offs of MUAC for Moderate Acute Malnutrition (MAM) and Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) was shown using Receiver Operator Characteristics (ROC) curves and the Youden index. Sensitivity and specificity of MUAC <11.5 cm and ≥11.5 to <12.5cm were determined using WHZ scores of -3 Standard Deviation (SD) and ≥-3 to <-2 SD for SAM and MAM, respectively.

Results: Among 499 children, as per WHZ score, 9.6% and 27.1% had SAM and MAM, respectively, whereas according to MUAC, 6.4% and 3.6% had MAM and SAM, respectively. At the maximum value of the Youden index of 55.6%, an optimum cut-off of 12.7cm for screening of SAM with MUAC was found compared to the recommended cut-off of 11.5cm. Similarly, at the maximum value of the Youden index of 57.7%, an optimum cut-off of 13.9cm for screening of MAM with MUAC was found compared to the recommended cut-off of 12.5cm.

Conclusion: The current MUAC cut-off of WHO for screening SAM and MAM cases captures only a small percentage of children under five. This needs to be revised to capture children with acute malnutrition for timely treatment in Pakistan.
Extending Boundaries.The Impact of the Digital World on Consumers and Marketing
Authors:   Kozminski University, Tkaczyk Jolanta , Awdziej Marcin
Published: May 2022

This book presents various views and perspectives on the impact of digital world on consumers, marketing and industries. The authors present a series of novel contributions and highlight some emerging issues relating to consumer–technology interactions, technology’s impact on marketing practice and digitalisation’s consequences in the selected industries. The publication of the book was possible thanks to the support of the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange under the Welcome to Poland Program (2020).
Pedagogical support of the development of civic maturity of students
Authors: Ryazanov Stanislav Sergeevich
Published: May 2022

The research is aimed at resolving the contradiction between the requirements outlined in the program documents for university graduates, characterizing their readiness for active manifestation of patriotism and the qualities of a civilly mature personality, and the lack of elaboration of pedagogical support for the formation of civic maturity of students. The purpose of the study is to identify effective means of pedagogical support for the development of civic maturity of students. The theoretical analysis is based on the integration of the provisions of two methodological approaches: personality-oriented and activity-oriented. As a result of the theoretical analysis, it is concluded that civic maturity is based on a scientific worldview, ideological conviction in the importance of realizing one's civil rights and duties, in their embodiment in concrete deeds. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the theoretical substantiation and empirical confirmation of the components of civic maturity: civic consciousness, civic feelings, civic activity and civic behavior. In the course of the study, significant positive correlations of all components of civic maturity among themselves and significant negative correlations of these components with the level of dysfunctional attitudes of the individual were established. The role of subjectivity of students as a key attribute of civic maturity is stated. As a methodological result, the article substantiates the levels and directions of pedagogical support for the development of civic maturity of students in the conditions of a university, its directions and targets are highlighted.
A systematic review on machine learning models for online learning and examination systems
Authors: Kaddoura Sanaa , Popescu Daniela Elena , Hemanth Jude D.
Published: May 2022

Examinations or assessments play a vital role in every student’s life; they determine their future and career paths. The COVID pandemic has left adverse impacts in all areas, including the academic field. The regularized classroom learning and face-to-face real-time examinations were not feasible to avoid widespread infection and ensure safety. During these desperate times, technological advancements stepped in to aid students in continuing their education without any academic breaks. Machine learning is a key to this digital transformation of schools or colleges from real-time to online mode. Online learning and examination during lockdown were made possible by Machine learning methods. In this article, a systematic review of the role of Machine learning in Lockdown Exam Management Systems was conducted by evaluating 135 studies over the last five years. The significance of Machine learning in the entire exam cycle from pre-exam preparation, conduction of examination, and evaluation were studied and discussed. The unsupervised or supervised Machine learning algorithms were identified and categorized in each process. The primary aspects of examinations, such as authentication, scheduling, proctoring, and cheat or fraud detection, are investigated in detail with Machine learning perspectives. The main attributes, such as prediction of at-risk students, adaptive learning, and monitoring of students, are integrated for more understanding of the role of machine learning in exam preparation, followed by its management of the post-examination process. Finally, this review concludes with issues and challenges that machine learning imposes on the examination system, and these issues are discussed with solutions.
Handcycling with concurrent lower body low-frequency electromyostimulation significantly increases acute oxygen uptake: implications for rehabilitation and prevention
Authors: Rappelt Ludwig , Held Steffen , Donath Lars
Published: May 2022

Background

Acute increases in exercise-induced oxygen uptake (V̇O2) is crucial for aerobic training adaptations and depends on how much muscle mass is involved during exercising. Thus, handcycling is per se limited for higher maximal oxygen uptakes (V̇O2max) due to restricted muscle involvement. Handcycling with additional and simultaneous application of low-frequency electromyostimulation (EMS) to the lower extremities might be a promising stimulus to improve aerobic capacity in disabled and rehabilitative populations.

Method

Twenty-six healthy young adults (13 female, age: 23.4 ± 4.5 years, height: 1.77 ± 0.09 m, mass: 71.7 ± 16.7 kg) completed 4 ×10 minutes of sitting (SIT), sitting with concurrent EMS (EMS_SIT), handcycling (60 rpm, 1/2 bodyweight as resistance in watts) (HANDCYCLE) and handcycling with concurrent EMS of the lower extremities (EMS_HANDCYCLE). During EMS_SIT and EMS_HANDCYCLE, low frequency EMS (impulse frequency: 4Hz, impulse width: 350 µs, continuous stimulation) was applied to gluteal, quadriceps and calf muscles. The stimulation intensity was selected so that the perceived pain could be sustained for a duration of 10 minutes (gluteus: 80.0 ± 22.7 mA, quadriceps: 94.5 ± 20.5 mA, calves: 77.5 ± 19.1 mA).

Results

Significant mode-dependent changes of V̇O2 were found (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.852). Subsequent post-hoc testing indicated significant difference between SIT vs. EMS_SIT (4.70 ± 0.75 vs. 10.61 ± 4.28 ml min−1 kg−1, p < 0.001), EMS_SIT vs. HANDCYCLE (10.61 ± 4.28 vs. 13.52 ± 1.40 ml min−1 kg−1, p = 0.005), and between HANDCYCLE vs. EMS_HANDCYCLE (13.52 ± 1.40 vs. 18.98 ± 4.89 ml min−1 kg−1, p = 0.001).

Conclusion

Handcycling with simultaneous lower body low-frequency EMS application elicits notably higher oxygen uptake during rest and moderately loaded handcycling and may serve as an additional cardiocirculatory training stimuli for improvements in aerobic capacity in wheelchair and rehabilitation settings.
Comparison of Lipid Profile in the Cord Blood in the Hypertensive and Non hypertensive Mothers: A Case-control Study
Authors: Parikh Rutvik , Dattani Yashvi , Modi Rohan , Desai Bhanu , Ninama Tamannaben , Khara Amay Himanshu , Patel Kanhai Harish
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Cord blood would be a feasible and simple method for detecting cholesterol level at birth. Neonatal lipids level could serve as a guide to know the physiological levels of lipids required for maintaining the normal bodily mechanisms. Aim: To compare the cord blood lipid profile of 300 newborn babies born to hypertensive and normotensive mothers. Materials and Methods: The case-control study was done in the Department of Paediatrics, GCS Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, for the period of one year from Jan 2019 to Jan 2020. A total of 300 pregnant ladies were included in the study. They were divided in two groups: group A consisted of 150 newborns who were born to 150 hypertensive mothers and group B consisted of 150 newborns who were born to 150 non hypertensive mothers. Five millilitres of cord blood were collected from the placental end of the umbilical vein, and then the serum was separated by centrifugation. Data was collected and mean±SD were calculated. Chi-square test and Mann Whitney test were done for statistical analysis. Results: When the cord blood was evaluated for the cholesterol, Triglyceride (TG) (p-value 0.001), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) (p-value 0.001) and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) (p-value 0.001) level; it was found that in group A the levels were more in mean value as compared to the non hypertensive group, where the level was found to be lower than the mean value. The difference was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Hypertensive status of mother could impact neonatal lipid profile; however, larger prospective studies are required to validate these results.
Can Cardiothymic Thoracic Ratio be a Marker of Mortality in Preterm Neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome?
Authors: Sehra Ram Narain , Palsania Mahendra Kumar , Verma Chandan , Verma Suniti
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Thymic size is measured as Cardiothymic: Thoracic ratio (CT/T ratio) in chest X-ray. In a state of stress, the thymus tissue rapidly involutes, owing principally to the thymocytolytic effect of glucocorticosteroids. Different pre and postnatal factors affect thymic size in neonates. Aim: To determine the thymic size in preterm neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDF), its relation to survival to determine which antenatal and postnatal factors influence thymic size. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in neonatal units of tertiary care hospital in North India from May 2018 to September 2019. Premature (<37 weeks gestation) neonates admitted in NICU with clinical and radiological evidence of RDS were included in the study. CT/T ratio was measured in chest X-ray. The quantitative data was presented as mean and standard deviation (SD) and were compared using student t-test, one-way ANOVA test and continuous non parametric data were compared using Pearson correlation coefficient test. Results: Mean age of 110 studied neonates was 32.07±1.76 weeks. The mean±SD CT/T in the study was 0.361±0.043. Mean CT/T ratio (0.372±0.043) of non survivor (44) was higher (0.356±0.043) than survivor neonates (66). This difference was statistically not significant (p-value=0.058). Mean CT/T ratio >0.361 has sensitivity 59.09% and specificity 68.18% for non survivor group. Logical regression analysis for probability of survival showed that as CT/T ratio increases probability of survival decreases. Mean CT/T ratio was not affected by gestational age, sex, mode of delivery, use of antenatal steroid, pre-eclampsia, mother’s parity, perinatal asphyxia and sepsis. Conclusion: The mean CT/T ratio was higher in non surviving neonates with RDS as compared to those who survived. Mean CT/T ratio is a poor predictor for mortality in premature neonates with RDS.
Congenital Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycaemia of Infancy- A Case Report
Authors: Raj Mani , Kadirvel Karthikeyan , Ramachandran Sumathisri
Published: May 2022

The most common cause for neonatal persistent hypoglycemia is Congenital Hyperinsulinism (CH) which is characterised by low blood glucose with an inappropriately higher insulin level. A one-day-old male baby, third born to non consanguineous parents delivered at term, small for gestational age, detected to have hypoglycaemia at 24 hours of life. He was established on breastfeed. Glucose infusion was started initially with Glucose Infusion Rate (GIR) of 4 mg/kg/min and increased according to the blood glucose values. Euglycaemic state was achieved with GIR of 14 mg/kg/min and intravenous hydrocortisone. Critical blood samples were sent when GIR was at 8 mg/kg/min which showed detectable insulin with high ammonia and normal cortisol levels. Hence, the diagnosis of transient hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia of infancy with hyperammonemia was considered and treated with oral diazoxide and sodium benzoate. GIR could be tapered and was discharged on breastfeed and medications. During follow-up at three months of age, the medications were stopped under glucose monitoring. He had normal growth and development at 12 months of age. Neonatal hypoglycaemia should be aggressively managed to prevent neuroglycopenia and its resultant neurodevelopmental disability. When GIR is more than 8 mg/kg/min, hyperinsulinism should be suspected for appropriate therapy.
Outcome of COVID-19 Positive Neonate Born to Mothers with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Series
Authors: Bokade CM , Suryawanshi Milind M , Tirpude Bhagyashree B , Dhande Leena
Published: May 2022

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) the disease caused by the novel coronavirus, has led to an unprecedented global pandemic affecting people of all ages. In this case series, all COVID-19 positive neonates (≤28 days of life) born to mothers with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection were selected from tertiary care hospital, in Central India from March 2020 to September 2020. There were 15 neonates affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this case series, authors found that out of 15 neonates, 5 were male and 10 were female. Main symptoms were fever, shortness of breath, poor feeding and others (like-abdomen distension, vomiting) but, often these neonates did not showed other symptoms during stay in designated COVID-19 Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) with no mortality found in this case series. COVID-19 positive neonates showed a good prognosis, with low rate of severe complications and without any mortality. Treatment was mostly symptomatic or supportive. Most of the neonates tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were asymptomatic or had mild disease.
The Role of Capital Structure as Mediator in the Influence of Firm Characteristics and Maturity on Financial Performance
Authors: Trijayanti Vaniny Eka , Saraswati Erwin , Iqbal Syaiful
Published: May 2022

This study aims to determine the variables that can affect the financial performance of manufacturing firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2015-2019 period. A total of 59 firms were obtained using a non-probability approach with purposive sampling technique. The data was collected through an annual report and then analyzed using the Regression analysis tool and measured using a financial scale. The variables used in this study are: firm size, business risk, firm age, assets structure, growth rate, capital structure, and financial performance. Based on the results of data analysis and discussions that have been carried out in this study, it can be concluded that capital structure is able to influence the relationship between firm size and firm age on financial performance. However, capital structure cannot give a significant influence on the relationship between business risk, asset structure and growth rate on financial performance. In addition, this study can also prove that firm size, firm age, asset structure, growth rate and capital structure have a significant direct influence on financial performance.
Evaluation of the Restorative Effect of Three Organic Manures in Rill and Gully Eroded Soil Using Amaranthus hybridus L. as Test Plant
Authors: Kenneth Ekwealor U. , Kelechi Okeke A. , Chisom Iroka F. , Bibian Aziagba O. , Victor Njom S.
Published: May 2022

The effect of organic manure in restoration of rill and gully eroded soil using Amaranthus hybridus as a test plant was carried out. The aim of this research work was to compare the restorative potentials of cow-dung, goat-dung, and poultry-manure amendment on rill and gully eroded soil. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) with five treatment replicated thrice. Seeds of Amaranthus hybridus were sown directly into the bags and were thinned to two seedlings per bag a week after germination. Soil analysis of the treated samples and control was carried out after six weeks to determine the amount of organic carbon, soil pH, potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen. Also soil particles analysis was carried out to determine the amount of sand, silt, clay and bulk density. Stem height of A. hybridus, leaf area, number of leaves per plant and stem girth were the parameters monitored on a weekly basis. The data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significant difference (LSD) was used to separate the differences among treatment means. The result showed that goat-dung recorded highest organic carbon content of (1.88 and 1.63) respectively in both rill and gully eroded soil samples. Poultry-manure recorded increase in nitrogen content of (0.92 and 0.84) respectively in both rill and gully eroded soil samples. The combination of goat-dung, poultry-manure and cow-dung recorded the highest pH value of (5.90) in rill eroded soil samples while goat-dung recorded the highest pH value of (6.40) in gully eroded soil samples. The least reduction in bulk density in rill soil sample was recorded in goat-dung with value of (1.41) while poultry-manure recorded the least reduction in bulk density of (1.48) in gully eroded soil sample. Percentage clay content recorded highest in control with value of (34.0 and 48.0) respectively in both rill and gully eroded soil samples. The combination of cow-dung, goat-dung and poultry-manure recorded the highest plant height of (21.02cm and 18.10cm) respectively, stem girth (1.36cm and 2.76cm) respectively, leaf area (10.81cm2 and 16.84cm2) respectively in both rill and gully eroded soil sample, in control plant height of (5.64cm and 3.63cm) respectively, in stem girth (0.42cm and 0.32cm) respectively, in number of leaves (7.33cm and 8.33cm) respectively, in leaf area (2.11cm2 and 1.55cm2) respectively recorded  the least value in both rill and gully eroded soil samples. Analysis of variance showed significant difference among the treatments and within the weeks.
Mucosal Neuromas
Authors: Kamrani Payvand , Helm Klaus
Published: May 2022

This case report describes multiple soft yellow papules on the tongue and buccal mucosa as well as enlargement of the upper lip.
Targeting the DNA damage response and repair in cancer through nucleotide metabolism
Authors: Helleday Thomas , Rudd Sean G.
Published: May 2022

The exploitation of the DNA damage response and DNA repair proficiency of cancer cells is an important anticancer strategy. The replication and repair of DNA are dependent upon the supply of deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) building blocks, which are produced and maintained by nucleotide metabolic pathways. Enzymes within these pathways can be promising targets to selectively induce toxic DNA lesions in cancer cells. These same pathways also activate antimetabolites, an important group of chemotherapies that disrupt both nucleotide and DNA metabolism to induce DNA damage in cancer cells. Thus, dNTP metabolic enzymes can also be targeted to refine the use of these chemotherapeutics, many of which remain standard of care in common cancers. In this review article, we will discuss both these approaches exemplified by the enzymes MTH1, MTHFD2 and SAMHD1. © 2022 The Authors. Molecular Oncology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Federation of European Biochemical Societies.
Effects of Stocking Density on Stress, Hematological Responses, and Growth of Black Rockfish Sebastes schlegelii
Authors: Lee Jang-Won , Min Byung Hwa , Lee Bokyung , Kim Kiyoung , Yoon Minjung
Published: May 2022

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of stocking density on juvenile Black Rockfish Sebastes schlegelii (average weight = 12 g) in terms of stress, hematological responses, and growth performance during a 4-month growth trial in a flow-through system. The initial stocking densities were 1.3 kg/m3 (low), 1.8 kg/m3 (medium), and 2.3 kg/m3 (high), and the final densities were 4.9 kg/m3 (low), 5.6 kg/m3 (medium), and 6.3 kg/m3 (high). At the end of the trial, the high stocking density significantly affected growth characteristics, levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1, and hematological indices (hematocrit, red blood cell count, and hemoglobin level) compared to the medium and low stocking densities. The plasma cortisol and immunoglobulin-M levels were significantly higher at the high density than at the other two densities. Taken together, while the low and medium stocking densities (final densities of up to 5.6 kg/m3) did not affect stress and hematological indices or growth, the high stocking density (final density of 6.3 kg/m3) significantly impacted those variables, which suggests an allostatic load at that density. Thus, the use of a final stocking density less than 6.3 kg/m3 should be considered to avoid compromising the stress and health condition and growth of Black Rockfish at this size and temperature range.
Giant Negative Magnetoresistance beyond Chiral Anomaly in Topological Material YCuAs2
Authors: Kang Baolei , Liu Zhao , Zhao Dan , Zheng Lixuan , Sun Zeliang , Li Jian , Wang Zhengfei , Wu Tao , Chen Xianhui
Published: May 2022

The large negative magnetoresistance (MR) effect, which usually emerges in various magnetic systems, is a technologically important property for spintronics. Recently, the so‐called “chiral anomaly” in topological semimetals offers an alternative to generate a considerable negative MR effect without utilizing magnetism. However, it requires that the applied magnetic field must be strictly along the electric current direction, which sets a strong limit for practical applications. Here, a giant negative MR effect is discovered with a value of up to −40% in 9 T at 2 K in the nonmagnetic Dirac material YCuAs2, which is not restricted to the specific configuration for applied magnetic fields. Based on magnetic susceptibility and NMR measurements, the giant negative MR effect is tightly connected with the unexpected spin‐dependent scattering from vacancy‐induced local moments, which is also beyond the classical Kondo effect. The present work not only offers an alternative route for spintronics based on nonmagnetic topological materials, but also helps to further understand the negative MR effect in topological materials.
Dangling Octahedra Enable Edge States in 2D Lead Halide Perovskites
Authors: Qin Yan , Li Zhi‐Gang , Gao Fei‐Fei , Chen Haisheng , Li Xiang , Xu Bin , Li Qian , Jiang Xingxing , Li Wei , Wu Xiang , Quan Zewei , Ye Lei , Zhang Yang , Lin Zheshuai , Pedesseau Laurent , Even Jacky , Lu Peixiang , Bu Xian‐He
Published: May 2022

The structural reconstruction at the crystal layer edges of 2D lead halide perovskites (LHPs) leads to unique edge states (ES), which are manifested by prolonged carrier lifetime and reduced emission energy. These special ES can effectively enhance the optoelectronic performance of devices, but their intrinsic origin and working mechanism remain elusive. Here it is demonstrated that the ES of a family of 2D Ruddlesden–Popper LHPs [BA2CsPb2Br7, BA2MAPb2Br7, and BA2MA2Pb3Br10 (BA = butylammonium; MA = methylammonium)] arise from the rotational symmetry elevation of the PbBr6 octahedra dangling at the crystal layer edges. These dangling octahedra give rise to localized electronic states that enable an effective transport of electrons from the interior to layer edges, and the population of electrons in both the interior states and the ES can be manipulated via controlling the external fields. Moreover, the abundant phonons, activated by the dangling octahedra, can interact with electrons to facilitate radiative recombination, counterintuitive to the suppressive role commonly observed in conventional semiconductors. This work unveils the intrinsic atomistic and electronic origins of ES in 2D LHPs, which can stimulate the exploration of ES‐based exotic optoelectronic properties and the corresponding design of high‐performance devices for these emergent low‐dimensional semiconductors.