bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New MRI diagnostic methods in Parkinson's disease: evaluating nigral degeneration
Authors: Illarioshkin Sergey N. , Konovalov Rodion N. , Fedotova Ekaterina Yu. , Moskalenko Anna N.
Published: January 2025

Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a characteristic pathological hallmark of loss of the dopaminergic neurons in the compact part of the substantia nigra in the midbrain. Despite the significant progress made in learning about this disease, early diagnosis continues to be a complex clinical issue. Currently, many studies are focused on finding and implementing meaningful markers which are valid for the early PD diagnosis. One of the most promising areas in that field is investigation of specific changes in the substantia nigra, found when examining the nigrosomes (specific clusters of the dopaminergic neurons) and neuromelanin, using high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
This article presents the current understanding of the structural and functional organization of the substantia nigra, and examines in detail the new informative MRI-markers of neurodegeneration in PD: the loss of dorsolateral nigral hyperintensity (disappearance of the nigrosome-1) and a reduction in the intensity/area of the magnetic resonance signal from the substantia nigra when imaging the neuromelanin. We present our own experience of using the abovementioned technologies to diagnose PD, by analysing susceptibility-weighted images and images taken in neuromelanin-sensitive MRI mode.
Historical aspects of studying craniocervical dystonia
Authors: Khayatova Zifa G. , Zalyalova Zuleykha A.
Published: January 2025

The study of dystonic hyperkinesias has a thousand-year-old history. Beginning with drawings and sculptures from antiquity and up to the present day, modern ideas gradually developed about the phenomenology, origin, and treatment methods of dystonia. Mentions of spastic torticollis, blepharospasm and Meige syndrome can even be found in the writings of Hippocrates and Celsus. Images and monuments from antiquity and ancient civilizations indicate the existence of focal dystonias in those times.
The Middle Ages left science with records of cervical dystonia and numerous illustrations in religious images. The first well-known mention of the term torticollis belongs to Franois Rabelais. The term started to appear in medical texts later on. One of the earliest medical records on cervical dystonia was made by the Swiss physician Felix Platerus. During the Age of Enlightenment, dystonias became a separate class in disease classification.
Modern tendencies in studying dystonia are characterized by identifying the genes responsible for different forms of primary dystonia along with description of their phenotypes. There is an ongoing research on the role of mental disorders in the clinical presentation of dystonia.
Functional neurosurgery in Parkinson’s disease in Russia
Authors: Tomskiy Аleksey A. , Bril Ekaterina V. , Gamaleya Anna A. , Fedorova Natalya V. , Levin Oleg S.
Published: January 2025

The article presents an overview of the most topical matters relating to functional neurosurgery in Parkinsons disease: the historical aspects, an overview of the international recommendations, long-term effects of neurostimulation, and the selection criteria for the surgical intervention. Summary data are provided for deep brain stimulation surgery in Russia, as well as an analysis of the need for neurostimulation compared with the international data.
Natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with multiple sclerosis: risk reduction, management and possibilities for subsequent immunoregulation
Authors: Khachanova Natalia V. , Boyko Alexey N. , Shumilina Maria V. , Smagina Inna V. , Malkova Nadezhda A. , Sivertseva Stella A. , Popova Ekaterina V. , Khaibullin Timur I.
Published: January 2025

The risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is one of the factors limiting the widespread use of natalizumab (NTZ). As a strategy for potentially reducing the frequency of the NTZ-associated PML, while maintaining the high therapy efficacy, in addition to the widely-used risk stratification strategy based on anti-JC virus antibody index and therapy duration, we propose the administration of NTZ with an extended dosing interval. Opinions vary on the effectiveness of plasmapharesis in confirmed cases of PML. The most challenging problem is how to manage patients, who develop PML, and what MS disease-modifying therapy should be considered for the subsequent use.
Therapeutic drug monitoring of levetiracetam in newborns
Authors: Bondareva Irina B. , Ivzhits Marina A. , Zyryanov Sergey K. , Chenkurov Mikhail S.
Published: January 2025

Neonatal seizures in full-term and preterm infants represent a common neurological syndrome. Levetiracetam (LEV) is one of the new and widely prescribed second- or third-line antiepileptic drug for the treatment of seizures. Routine therapeutic drug monitoring of LEV was not recommended due to its almost ideal pharmacokinetic profile: linear pharmacokinetics, predictable dose-concentration relationship, wide therapeutic index, favourable safety profile, and unlikely clinically significant drug-drug pharmacokinetic interactions.
In newborns, drug pharmacokinetics may be under the influence of maturation process. LEV pharmacokinetics in newborns appears to be age (gestational, postnatal) dependent and highly variable within the age ranges. These aspects make therapeutic drug monitoring a useful procedure for therapy optimization in this specific patient population.
In population modeling based on therapeutic drug monitoring and nonlinear mixed effects models, covariates were found that should significantly affect the LEV clearance and volume of distribution in newborns creatinine clearance and total body weight. Using of these regression equations can help to adjust the LEV doses without the patient's measured concentration data. But the significant magnitudes of the interindividual variability remaining in these final regression models justify the need for therapeutic drug monitoring and Bayesian adaptive control for personalization of LEV dosage regimens in neonates.
Validation of the modified Ashworth scale in Russia
Authors: Suponeva Natalya A. , Yusupova Dzhamilya G. , Ilyina Kseniya A. , Melchenko Danila A. , Butkovskaya Anastasiya A. , Zhirova Ekaterina S. , Taratukhina Anna S. , Zimin Aleksey A. , Zaitsev Aleksandr B. , Klochkov Anton S. , Lyukmanov Roman Kh. , Kotov-Smolensky Artem M. , Khizhnikova Anastasia E. , Gatina Guzel A. , Kutlubaev Mansur A. , Piradov Mikhail A.
Published: January 2025

Spasticity after stroke is a factor that causes disability and restricts activities of daily living, and represents a problem for both doctors and patients relatives. At the present time, the modified Ashworth scale (MAS) is a useful method of assessing increased muscle tone in patients after a cerebrovascular incident.
The aim of the work is the linguistic and cultural adaptation of the MAS, with subsequent evaluation of its psychometric properties.
Materials and methods. The study included 50 patients. The validation procedure consisted of linguistic and cultural adaptation and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Russian language version of the MAS. Test-retest was used to examine reliability (calculating Spearmans rank correlation coefficient) and Cohens kappa coefficient was used to evaluate inter-rater agreement. Criterion validity was assessed by comparing the MAS results with the Spasticity Scale score of the Research Centre of Neurology. Sensitivity was measured using Wilcoxon nonparametric test, which reflects the statistical significance of intertest differences before and after rehabilitation measures.
Results. Test-retest analysis showed a significant correlation (0.87) between reassessment results. Inter-rater reliability was average (0.56), which confirms the scales subjectivity and proves that patient assessment over time should be performed by the same investigator whenever possible. The correlation coefficient between the MAS and the Spasticity Scale of the Research Centre of Neurology was 0.79. Statistically significant differences were found when patients were reassessed after rehabilitation treatment (p0.0001).
Conclusion. The Russian version of the MAS is a valid, reliable, and sensitive instrument, which can be recommended for use in clinical practice, both for the initial assessment of spasticity and for monitoring the effect of treatment.
Atherothrombotic stroke in women: blood thrombogenicity and the vascular wall
Authors: Maksimova Marina Yu. , Chechetkin Аndrey O. , Moskvicheva Aleksandra S. , Shabalina Alla A.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Haemostasis and functional changes of the vascular wall are the strategic and actively developing aspects in the study of ischaemic stroke pathogenesis.
The aim of current work was to examine the relationship between hormonal status, thrombogenic blood factors, and the structural and functional changes in the vascular wall in women after atherothrombotic stroke in the internal carotid territory.
Materials and methods. Twenty-nine women (mean age 55 years) in the first 3 months after atherothrombotic stroke, diagnosed using the international TOAST criteria, were included in the study. The severity of neurological impairment was evaluated using the NIH Stroke Scale. The follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) and homocysteine levels, along with haemostasis parameters and rheological properties of red blood cells were examined. Ultrasound of the major arteries of the head, assessment of the elastic properties and mural shear stress in the common carotid artery, as well as evaluation of the vasomotor function of the brachial artery endothelium were conducted.
Results. Clinical differences in the atherosclerotic stroke were found in women depending on their FSH levels: moderate and severe neurological impairments were noted when the FSG level was 30 mIU/mL, while mild impairments were present when the FSG level was 30 mIU/mL. It was found that a high FSH level in women is associated with significant arterial hypertension, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The group of women with high FSH levels had elevated fibrinogen, homocysteine, von Willebrand factor, erythrocyte aggregation amplitude, along with the accelerated formation of 3D aggregates and increased erythrocyte aggregate strength. In women with insufficient estrogen production in the ovaries (FSH 30 mIU/mL), the stiffness index of the common carotid artery wall was significantly higher, while the mural shear stress and endothelial vasomotor function were lower than in the group of women with preserved ovarian function.
Conclusions. A link between menopause, increased blood thrombogenicity, and structural and functional changes in the vascular wall (increased stiffness, reduced mural shear stress and endothelial vasomotor function) was found in women after atherothrombotic stroke.
The assessment of cerebral white matter microstructure in cerebral small vessel disease based on the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Kremneva Elena I. , Maximov Ivan I. , Dobrynina Larisa A. , Krotenkova Marina V.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Multidimensional or biophysical modelling approaches are actively used to examine the complex microstructure of brain matter in diffusion-weighted MRI, where tissue structures are schematically simplified and divided into separate regions to calculate the diffusion values. This approach demonstrates greater specificity when compared with the widely used diffusion tensor MRI (DT-MRI) and its metrics.
The aim of the study was to compare DT-MRI and the biophysical diffusion models, and to evaluate their possible use in a more precise studying of the affected white matter in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD).
Materials and methods. We examined 96 patients (including 65 women; mean age 61.06.6 years) with CSVD and 23 healthy volunteers, comparable in age and gender (including 15 women; mean age 586 years). The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the severity of white matter disease as measured using the Fazekas scale. All study subjects underwent a brain MRI (3 T) with diffusion-weighted MRI (b = 0, 1000 and 2500 sec/mm2, 64 gradient directions) followed by the data processing; we obtained DT-MRI metric maps, as well as white matter tract integrity model and model using the spherical mean technique.
Results. Significant differences were found between the study groups (except groups F0 and F1) in all metrics when the overall value of the white matter skeleton was examined (p 0.05): there was a decrease in tissue anisotropy and axonal density in the white matter, as well as increased intra- and extra-axonal coefficients with more severe white matter disease. Analysis of individual white matter regions showed that the radial diffusion values had greater intergroup differences than the axial diffusion values in the corpus callosum (particularly, in the body and splenium).
Conclusion. Biophysical models allow us to evaluate white matter disease in patients with CSVD using structural tissue features and indirect measures of intra- and extracellular diffusion. To clarify and increase the statistical significance of the obtained results, it is necessary to analyse the diffusion metrics using data from a larger patient sample.
Frontotemporal Dementia Rating Scale (FTD-FRS): Linguistic and Cultural Adaptation in Russia
Authors: Shpilyukova Yuliya A. , Yusupova Djamilya G. , Akmadullina Diliara R. , Polekhina Natalia V. , Naminov Alexander V. , Sinelnikov Mikhail E. , Zaytsev Aleksander B. , Zimin Aleksey A. , Belopasova Anastasia V. , Fedotova Ekaterina Yu. , Suponeva Nataliya A. , Illarioshkin Sergey N. , Piradov Mikhail A.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disease and is the second most frequent cause of early-onset dementia (before 65 years). Quantitative assessment of disease severity can be an essential tool for predicting and objectively assessing the rate of disease progression, which is vital not only for clinical practice but also for research. There are no specialized Russian language scales for evaluating the severity of dementia in FTD, and the use of functional assessment scales developed for patients with Alzheimer disease for this purpose leads to erroneous diagnosis and reduces the quality of research.
The aim of this work was to perform linguistic and cultural adaptation and validation of the Russian version of the Frontotemporal Dementia Rating Scale (FTD-FRS).
Materials and methods: Forward and back translations of the scale and its materials, pilot testing, development of the Russian language version with the help of a linguist and neurologists specializing in working with patients with cognitive impairments were performed.
Results. After completing the forward and back translations, the expert commission removed inaccuracies in the translation of the scale materials. Pilot testing was carried out on 10 patients with FTD. Researchers did not have any difficulties understanding and interpreting the instructions. After this stage, the final edition of the Russian version of the scale was adopted. The article contains the main text of the scale and a link to the full version of the scale with the main text and instructions.
Conclusion. A Russian language version of the Frontotemporal Dementia Rating Scale has been published for the first time. The first stage of validation (linguistic and cultural adaptation) was performed in the Research Center of Neurology. There is ongoing work to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Russian language version.
Neurological aspects of COVID-19
Authors: Tanashyan Marine M. , Kuznetsova Polina I. , Raskurazhev Anton A.
Published: January 2025

Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
The novel coronavirus pandemic presents one of the most significant challenges to modern healthcare, which involves all medical specialties. The current review encompasses the neurologic manifestations of COVID-19 a yet to be defined problem. L. Mao et al. have found a third of COVID-19 patients to exhibit neurological symptoms the latter divided into three categories: central nervous system involvement (vertigo, headache, altered consciousness, acute cerebrovascular pathology, ataxia, and seizures) in 24.8% of patients, peripheral nervous system involvement (smell and taste disorders, neuropathy) 8.9%, and muscle pathology (muscle pain, associated with creatine kinase increase) 10,7%. Cerebrovascular pathology in 221 patients, described by Y. Li et al. occurred in 5.9% of cases the majority was comprised by ischemic stroke, and as a whole it was associated with a more severe disease course. T. Oxley et al. described 5 patients (less than 50 years of age) with a large-vessel stroke occurring as a result of COVID-19. It has been shown that meningoencephalitis may be linked to COVID-19 this review addresses several described cases. A case series of Guillain-Barre syndrome n patients with SARAS-CoV-2 infection is also described. Apart from that, it is well established that SARS-CoV-2 may lead to deterioration of concurrent somatic and (or) neurological diseases, worsening the prognosis.
Legal Aspects of Medical Care in Hospital-acquired Ischaemic Stroke
Authors: Voznyuk Igor A. , Kolomentsev Sergey V. , Nikitin Yevgeny N.
Published: January 2025

Generally, the main pathogenetic mechanisms of hospital-acquired ischaemic stroke (HAIS) do not differ from classical ones, except in cases of iatrogenic origin. In certain cases, HAIS may be caused by insufficient vascular risk prevention or develop as a complication of medical intervention. At the current stage of the healthcare development, there is an increased legal responsibility of doctors, associated with the broad legal capabilities of a patient to protect their rights and legitimate interests when obtaining medical care. The very fact of a stroke a disease with a high rate of adverse outcomes contradicts the prevailing opinion in the society that a patient in a hospital is guaranteed protection from the possibility of developing another, especially a more serious illness, and this may give rise to judicial proceedings. Currently, many difficulties arise in the treatment of patients with HAIS, based on the lack of a unified approach to providing medical care for this pathology, including at the legislative level. Data from the world literature and our own studies demonstrate delays in performing diagnostic measures in cases of inpatient stroke and lower indicators of the quality of medical care. At the same time, the human factor is critical and affects the promptness of HAIS diagnosis and treatment. Proper organization of medical care for HAIS is a prerequisite for ensuring that patients receive timely care in accordance with the standards of treatment, and that medical employees of all levels receive legal protection.
Epilepsy as part of paroxysmal disorders after ischaemic stroke
Authors: Maksimova Marina Yu. , Brutian Amayak G. , Shalimanova Elena V.
Published: January 2025

Introduction.Epilepsy is a common cause of paroxysmal disorders appearing after ischaemic stroke.
Theaimof the study was to clarify the clinical, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological features of post-stroke epilepsy (PSE).
Materials and methods.We examined 17 (81%) men and 4 (19%) women aged 2589 years with paroxysmal disorders after ischaemic stroke. Fourteen (66.7%) patients were diagnosed with PSE, while 7 (33.3%) had non-epileptic paroxysmal disorders (NEPD). We conducted a comparative assessment of the groups, considering the clinical, neuroimaging, and 10-hour night-time video-EEG monitoring data.
Results.In patients with PSE, 64.8% of cases had total damage of the insular lobe, and infarcts more often included the cerebral cortex (100%) and white matter, as well as the basal nuclei and other deep brain structures. The EEG recorded epileptiform activity and/or hemispheric slowing on the side of the infarction (64.3%). In patients with NEPD, the infarct was more often located in the vertebrobasilar artery territory, and the paroxysmal disorders were recurrent.
Conclusion.Differential diagnosis of post-stroke paroxysmal disorders is based on the analysis of their clinical signs and medical history. In some cases, data from long-term video EEG monitoring are crucial for the diagnosis of PSE.
The significance of thalamic nuclei degeneration in relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: results of neuropsychological and morphometry studies
Authors: Trufanov Artem G. , Bisaga Gennadiy N. , Skulyabin Dmitriy I. , Tyomniy Alexandr V. , Yurin Anton A. , Poplyak Maria O. , Poltavskiy Iliya D. , Litvinenko Igor V. , Odinak Miroslav M. , Tarumov Dmitriy A.
Published: January 2025

Introduction.The thalamus is a 'transmitting organ' that is involved in a wide range of neurological functions. Its functional uniqueness and high sensitivity to damage during the earliest stages of multiple sclerosis (MS) make the thalamus a kind of barometer of diffuse brain damage in MS.
Theaimof the study was to examine the structural and functional changes in the thalamus and its subregions using magnetic resonance morphometry and to determine their clinical significance in different types of MS.
Materials and methods.We examined 68 patients with relapsing-remitting (n = 40) and secondary progressive (n = 28) MS. The control group consisted of 10 healthy people matched for age and gender. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and the Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS) were used to assess the patients' neurological status. The cognitive and mental domains were tested using the MMSE, FAB, MoCA, SDMT, Beck's test, and HADS. All patients underwent a brain MRI and morphometric evaluation of the obtained data using the FreeSurfer 6.0 software.
Results.The size of the thalamic pulvinar in relapsing-remitting MS was reduced on the left (M (anterior : posterior) = 186.6 : 149.4 mm3) compared with the controls (229.5 : 187.5 mm3) and on the right (219.5 : 187.1 mm3) compared with the controls (261.6 : 240.5 mm3; p 0.05). The size of the left thalamic nuclei was significantly reduced in secondary progressive MS when compared with relapsing-remitting MS and the controls. EDSS was correlated with a decrease in the dimensions of the geniculate nucleus on the left (r = 0.48) and the pulvinar nuclei on the left (r = 0.460.54). Standard neuropsychological scales correlated with the size of the medial dorsal nucleus (r (MMSE:FAB:MoCA) = 0.51; 0.45; 0.59). The greatest correlation was between the SDMT test (written section) and the left ventral anterior nucleus (r = 0.71).
Conclusion.The obtained data indicate that thalamic nuclei atrophy plays a significant role in the progression of disability and cognitive disorders in MS. Mag- netic resonance morphometry of the thalamic nuclei can be considered an important marker and predictor of MS progression.
Electrocorticography in patients with severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Sinkin Mikhail V. , Talypov Alexander E. , Kordonskaya Olga O. , Komoltsev Ilya G. , Solodov Alexander A. , Grin Andrey A. , Krylov Vladimir V.
Published: January 2025

Introduction.The frequency of adverse outcomes in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) exceeds 25%. Epileptic seizures and vasospasm, in the absence of pathogenetic treatment, cause irreversible brain damage and thus complicate the course of severe TBI. Bedside electroencephalography (EEG) is traditionally used to diagnose these conditions. However, its low spatial resolution when recording from the scalp and a large number of artefacts that make it challenging to analyse the data.
Materials and methods.Electrocorticography (ECoG) monitoring was performed using subdural electrodes implanted in the traumatic brain lesion during TBI surgery in 11 patients during the acute period of severe TBI. All patients were concurrently monitored using scalp EEG with subdermal needle electrodes.
Results.Analysis of scalp recordings showed frequency disturbances and oscillation asymmetry in all patients, while sporadic epileptiform activity and rhythmic and periodic patterns were detected in 18% and 64% of subjects, respectively. Analysis of invasive EEG showed sporadic epileptiform activity in 27% of patients, while rhythmic and periodic patterns were present in 91%. Moreover, epileptiform activity was registered only by the subdural leads in 3 patients. The total percentage of subjects in whom we registered clinical and electrographic signs of convulsive and non-convulsive status epilepticus using EEG and ECoG was 55%. We found indirect EEG signs of slow-spreading cortical depolarization in one patient whose level of consciousness was coma, followed by an electrographic pattern of status epilepticus on ECoG.
Conclusion.ECoG recording, while patients with severe TBI are in the intensive care unit, increases the diagnostic capabilities of this method, allowing electrographic seizures to be recorded more often and more accurately, but also to detect indirect signs of slow-spreading cortical depolarization using standard EEG amplifiers. Electrode implantation during TBI surgery is safe and does not significantly change the surgical approach.
Sleep-disordered breathing and quality of life in patients with chronic cerebrovascular diseas
Authors: Geraskina Lyudmila A. , Sharipov Gairatdzhon G. , Fonyakin Andrey V. , Maksimova Marina Yu.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Chronic cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) is usually accompanied by a decrease in the quality of life (QoL). A possible cause of decreased QoL is sleep-disordered breathing.
Aim: to assess the frequency of sleep-related breathing disorders and QoL in patients with chronic CeVD.
Materials and methods. The study included 100 patients (50 men and 50 women), with an average age of 65 (58; 74.5) years. Cognitive (MoCA-test) and affective disturbances (HADS), severity of daytime sleepiness and fatigue (the Berlin questionnaire to identify patients at risk for the sleep apnea syndrome) were assessed. QoL was evaluated using the SF-36 health survey. Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) was verified using cardiorespiratory monitoring. The apnoea/hypopnoea index was also calculated.
Results. On average, the cognitive impairment score was 25 (23, 27) points; the anxiety level was 6 (4; 9), depression level was 6 (3.5; 8), daytime sleepiness and fatigue were 4 (1.5; 7). QoL was reduced in the majority of patients. SDB was registered in 82% of patients. Multiple comparisons found no differences in QoL scores depending on the presence and severity of sleep-related breathing disorders. Patients with a history of stroke had higher scores for general health (p = 0.06), mental health (p = 0.01), and overall psychological health (p = 0.04). The stroke patients were younger (p = 0.02) and experienced less daytime sleepiness and fatigue (p = 0.007). Women had lower QoL scores compared to men. At the same time, the women were older than the men (p = 0.006) and had higher levels of anxiety (p = 0.0008). Statistically significant correlations were found between the various QoL components and age, anxiety and depression levels, severity of daytime sleepiness and fatigue, and cognitive dysfunction, but not the apnoea/hypopnoea index.
Conclusion. Patients with chronic ischaemic CeVD and SDB had reduced QoL; however, the mental health component remained slightly higher than the physical component. The main factors associated with a decrease in QoL were age, female gender, anxiety and depression levels, and excessive daytime sleepiness/fatigueo.
The correlation between motor and cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mineev Konstantin K. , Petrov Andrey M. , Votintseva Marina V. , Stolyarov Igor D.
Published: January 2025

The correlation between motor and cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis
Konstantin K. Mineev, Andrey M. Petrov, Marina V. Votintseva, Igor' D. Stolyarov
N.P. Beсhtereva Institute of Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
Introduction. Impaired ambulation is one of the most common and disabling symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS). Cognitive impairment occurs in the early stages of MS and worsens as the disease progresses.
The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between walking speed and distance and the severity of neurological and cognitive impairment in MS.
Materials and methods. We examined 59 patients with relapsing-remitting MS in clinical remission. Motor function was evaluated using the timed 25-foot walk (mobility and leg function performance test based on a timed 25-walk), the nine-hole peg test was used to assess upper limb motor function, the Ashworth Scale was used to evaluate lower limb spasticity, the EDSS scale (pyramidal function) was used to evaluate gait spasticity, and tests for sustained attention, counting skills, short-term and delayed memory, mathematical logic, speech fluency, and sensorimotor reaction speed were used to assess cognitive function.
Results. In MS, an increased score on the disability scale was accompanied by increased motor disturbances, reduced distance covered when walking, decreased walking speed, and slower hand movements. Increased spasticity was accompanied by a deterioration in cognitive test performance. The study showed a high correlation between spasticity and reduced computational abilities, mathematical logic, and the ability to remember shapes. Walking distance correlated with attention span and short-term and delayed memory while walking speed characteristics correlated with the movement speed of the non-dominant hand. Slower hand activity correlated with the conducted cognitive tests, with the most significant differences recorded in the non-dominant hand.
Conclusion. The study results indicate significant and varied motor and cognitive dysfunction in MS patients, caused by damage to both the conduction pathways in the brain and spinal cord and the cortical grey matter. The obtained data on the close correlation between motor and cognitive impairments allow us to better understand the mechanisms of MS development and to apply this knowledge in clinical practice.
Spastic paraplegias types 11 and 15
Authors: Rudenskaya Galina E. , Kadnikova Varvara A. , Ryzhkova Oksana P. , Anisimova Inga V. , Dadaly Elena L. , Dyomina Nina A. , Mishina Irina A. , Kanivets Ilya V. , Antonetz Anna V. , Polyakov Alexander V.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. A heterogeneous group of hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) with known causative genes, alongside the predominant autosomal dominant ones, includes numerous and diagnostically more complex autosomal recessive (AR) forms with diverse phenotypes. Massive parallele sequencing (MPS) techniques are widely used in HSP diagnosis.
The aim of the study was to determine the clinical and molecular genetic characteristics of two AR-HSPs SPG11 and SPG15 in Russia based on the first study of HSP using MPS.
Materials and methods. We examined 8 unrelated Russian families: seven with SPG11 and one with SPG15. Clinical and molecular analysis and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) were used.
Results. SPG11, diagnosed in seven families, was the most common AR form, accounting for 5.1% of the total group of 120 families with verified HSP (4th common) and 30.5% of the AR-HSP subgroup. Three of the nine identified SPG11 mutations have not been previously described; 2 families had identical genotypes, with one of the allelic mutations consisting of a large duplication; one previously described mutation was detected three times. Two patients had an atypical late onset, six cases had complicating concomitant symptoms, such as ataxia and/or dysarthria, cognitive impairment, while 3 out of 6 patients showed thinning of the corpus callosum on MRI. SPG15 was diagnosed in one patient at 13 years; two new mutations were found in the ZFYVE26 gene with a reading frame shift in the compound heterozygous state. Clinical phenotype in this patient included progressive cognitive decline in addition to spastic paraparesis; there was no macular degeneration typical (but not mandatory) of SPG15 up to the age of 17 years (according to follow-up data).
Conclusion. In a large group of patients in Russia, AR-HSP was represented by 12 different forms, with SPG11 being the most frequent and SPG15 also being present. A total of 11 mutations were found in the genes of both forms, 5 of which had not been previously described. Two complicated forms of HSP had a similar clinical presentation and were difficult to diagnose. MPS methods are indispensable in diagnosing diseases with pronounced genetic heterogeneity, such as HSP. Cases with major gene rearrangements confirm the importance of combining MPS with MLPA.
Atypical (deafferentation) odontalgia
Authors: Maksimova Marina Yu. , Illarioshkin Sergey N. , Sineva Nina A. , Piradov Mikhail A.
Published: January 2025

The difficulty of clinical interpretation of atypical (deafferentation) odontalgia with respect to its connection, on the one hand, with endodontic interventions in the dentoalveolar region, and on the other hand, with psychogenic and personality disorders, remains a subject of discussion. We examined 93 patients with deafferentation odontalgia to clarify the psychological factors and quality of life parameters that affect this chronic pain syndrome. Most patients were women (79.6%) of working age (4050 years old). The visual analog scale and the McGill Pain Questionnaire were used to rate pain intensity, and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale was used to evaluate the negative psychoemotional response to pain. Depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory and Hamilton Rating Scale, while the Spielberg Scale was used to evaluate the level of reactive and personal anxiety. Quality of life was assessed using the SF-36. It was shown that depression, anxiety, affective disorders, negative psychoemotional response to pain, and low quality of life were more often present in patients with chronic deafferentation odontalgia.
Preconditioning with ouabain reduces the neurological deficit in rats caused by compression-induced cerebral ischemia
Authors: Stelmashook Elena V. , Genrikhs Elizaveta E. , Isaev Nikolay K. , Novikova Svetlana V. , Khaspekov Leonid G.
Published: January 2025

Ischaemic brain damage is a major neurobiological and medical social problem, making experimental research of the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia and the search for ways to minimize its consequences particularly relevant.
The aim of the study was to determine the possibility of reducing the neurological deficit and functional limb asymmetry in laboratory rats through ischaemic tolerance using ouabain, a Na+/K+- ATPase inhibitor.
Materials and methods. Cerebral ischemia was modeled using 20-minute focal compression of the left sensorimotor cortex in the rat brain. To induce tolerance, laboratory animals were given a single intravenous injection of 0.7 mg/kg of the Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor ouabain 24 or 72 hours before the ischaemic event. Functional impairment was assessed with tests for neurological deficits in the limbs and a test for forelimb performance in laboratory animals.
Results. Preliminary ouabain administration prevented the development of functional impairment due to compression-induced ischemia of the sensorimotor cortex, with a decrease in limb asymmetry and the severity of motor dysfunction.
Conclusion. In animals, pharmacological preconditioning with ouabain increases the brain's resistance to subsequent compression-induced ischemia, preventing functional asymmetry and improving both right and left limb function. The obtained data expand the possibilities of using Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitors to treat cerebral ischemia.
Comparing the results of surgical and conservative treatment of patients with supratentorial hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. A new look at previously known randomized studies
Authors: Godkov Ivan M. , Dashyan Vladimir G.
Published: January 2025

Hemorrhagic stroke is a medical and social problem, with an incidence of 1535 per 100 000 people per year. It is characterized by high patient mortality (up to 53% in the first year) and disability, with most of the surviving patients having persistent neurological deficits and about 20% of them requiring continuous assistance.
The advantages of surgical or conservative treatment of patients with supratentorial hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are still under discussion. This literature review is based on 12 open-source articles on prospective randomized trials comparing conservative and surgical treatment results in patients with supratentorial ICH, which demonstrate contradictory results.
Based on an analysis of all the works, we can conclude that surgical treatment has an advantage when performed early (within 1272 hours) in patients whose level of consciousness is 912 points on the Glasgow Coma Scale. Needle aspiration and local fibrinolysis are effective for basal ganglia ICH, while open surgery and endoscopic aspiration are effective in subcortical ICH. For subcortical ICHs that are 2080 cm3 in size, surgical treatment improved functional outcomes, while in ICHs larger than 50 cm3, it helped to reduce mortality.
Phenotypic features of a Russian family with spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 from Khabarovsk Krai
Authors: Proskokova Tatyana N. , I. Dmitry V. , Serdyuk Natal’ya B. , Abramycheva Natal’ya Yu.
Published: January 2025

The article presents a familial case of spinocerebellar ataxia type 6, consisting of 7 people across 4 generations from a mixed marriage of Yakut, Even, and Russian ethnicities, living in Khabarovsk Krai. The mutant allele of the CACNA1A gene had 27 stable CAG repeats in all patients (normal is 18 CAG repeats), while the normal allele had 13 CAG repeats. Clinical features included rapidly progressing cerebellar ataxia in males (0.969.00 points per year on the SARA scale); presence of psychological disorders in the form of alcoholism, early-onset binge drinking, completed suicidal behaviors; life expectancy reduced in 2 patients to 27 and 36 years.
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ТОПЛИВНО-ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОГО КОМПЛЕКСА НА ПУТИ РАЗВИТИЯ АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННЫХ СИСТЕМ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ В ТЕПЛОЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯХ
Authors: Шапошников В.А. , Большухин М.Д.
Published: January 2025

Статья отражает результаты исследования экономических проблем топливно-энергетического комплекса на пути развития автоматизированных систем управления в теплоэнергетических организациях. В ходе исследования были определены основные цели создания и рассмотрена типовая схема автоматической системы управления тепловой энергией в теплоэнергетических организациях. Анализируя статистические данные, были выявлены основные экономические проблемы теплоэнергетических организаций, препятствующие внедрению современных автоматизированных систем управления: низкий уровень инвестиционной привлекательности отрасли, убыточность отрасли, высокая доля материальных затрат в отрасли, высокий уровень зависимости отрасли от финансирования и поддержки со стороны государства.
К ВОПРОСУ О РАЗВИТИИ РЫНКА ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ И МИНЕРАЛЬНЫХ УДОБРЕНИЙ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Authors: Демченко Л.В. , Корабейников И.Н. , Болдырев П.А. , Константинова Н.М.
Published: January 2025

Статья посвящена анализу особенностей развития рынка органических и минеральных удобрений в Российской Федерации. Проведено исследование объемов и темпов производства,  специфики внесения минеральных  и органических удобрений под посев сельскохозяйственных культур, проанализирован региональный аспект. Систематизированы факторы, воздействующие на ценообразование на внутреннем рынке минеральных удобрений: влияние геополитического кризиса, квотирование экспорта, особенности регулирования внутреннего рынка, проблемы с транзитом удобрений и др. Отмечено, что высокие цены на минеральные удобрения  на внутреннем рынке сдерживают потенциал развития сельскохозяйственного производства.  Выделены ключевые драйверы роста рынка  органических удобрений в России, обоснована важность  инноваций на рынке производства органических удобрений, посредством увеличения инвестиций в научные исследования и разработки.
РЕМАРКИ К СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОМУ ПЛАНИРОВАНИЮ РАЗВИТИЯ СЕВЕРО-ВОСТОКА РОССИИ: ЧУКОТСКИЙ ВЕКТОР
Authors: Соломонов М.П.
Published: January 2025

Автор данной публикации открывает серию статей, как ремарки к стратегическому планированию развития регионов Северо-Востока России. Показывается как последствия отхода от экономических теорий могут привести к тупиковым векторам социально-экономического развития целых регионов. Предприняты попытки увязки предпринимательской инициативы корпораций с региональным стратегическим планированием на горизонтальном уровне и сопряженности положений региональных стратегий с национальным. В статье отмечается низкий уровень научной, и как следствие законодательной обеспеченности проблем освоения Арктической зоны России, в т.ч. горной ренты. Подчеркивается необходимость эволюционного развития опорных точек роста региона с государственным протекционизмом только в начальном периоде освоения и безусловная государственная опека развития традиционных форм хозяйствования местных сообществ.
Exploring Vinylidene/Acetylene Isomerization by Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Vibrationally Excited Vinylidene Anions
Authors: DeWitt Martin , Yang Dongzheng , Lau Jascha A. , Vlahos Korina , Guo Hua , Neumark Daniel M.
Published: January 2025

In order to explore the vibrational levels of vinylidene (H2CC) and their possible couplings with acetylene (HCCH), we investigate the effect of infrared (IR) vibrational pre-excitation on the high-resolution photoelectron spectra of the vinylidene anion (H2CC¯) and its deuterated isotopologue (D2CC¯). The photoelectron spectra are obtained using slow electron velocity-map imaging of cryogenically cooled anions (cryo-SEVI); here, cold anions are vibrationally excited by an IR laser pulse prior to photodetachment (IR cryo-SEVI). Infrared action spectra of the anion CH2 stretching fundamentals are measured by monitoring growth and depletion of features in photoelectron spectra as the IR laser is tuned, yielding excitation frequencies of the symmetric (ν1) and antisymmetric (ν5) CH2 stretching modes of 2590±2 cm-1 and 2658±2 cm-1, respectively. We then use IR cryo-SEVI to explore the effect of vibrational excitation of the two modes on the anion photoelectron spectrum. Interpretation of these spectra is facilitated by quantum calculations performed for each isotopologue on accurate six-dimensional potential energy surfaces of both neutral and anionic vinylidene. IR cryo-SEVI spectra resulting from excitation of these two close-lying anion vibrations are noticeably different. Excitation of the ν1 mode leads to several new features that appear in the photoelectron spectra which closely match the Franck-Condon allowed transitions predicted by theory. Excitation of the ν5 mode in H2CC¯ reveals complicated spectral features in the vicinity of the 5_1^1 sequence band that are not seen for D2CC¯. These are explained by a combination of anharmonic coupling between ν5 and ν6 (CH2 rock) states in neutral H2CC and possible coupling to the HCCH isomer.
MEInstruaAÇÃO: eventos de letramento sobre menstruação, meio ambiente e ciência em escolas do DF
Authors: Gomes Maria Carmen Aires
Published: January 2025

O problema multidimensional da pobreza e dignidade menstrual em contextos brasileiros orienta a ação desenvolvida que objetivou produzir evidências e saberes identificados em discursos sobre tal realidade, a fim de gerar subsídios para proposições de ações inovadoras para o enfrentamento dos problemas desencadeados pela falta de direitos dos corpos que menstruam em práticas escolares no Distrito Federal. Por meio da etnográfica discursivo-crítica, foram realizados eventos de letramentos críticos sobre educação menstrual em escolas. Foi proposta uma prática de letramentos sobre educação menstrual emancipatória e inclusiva por meio de dois eventos articulados com as disciplinas de Humanas, Biológicas e da Terra, com o objetivo de debater sobre as relações entre pobreza menstrual, meio ambiente/saneamento, por meio de duas rodas de conversa. Atividades de letramento crítico, tendo como base ação pedagógica decolonial, refutam e problematizam as condições ontológicas-existenciais interseccionais para transformá-las. Ações pedagógicas decoloniais e críticas exigem que a comunidade escolar se repense e ressignifique a sua forma de compreender a sociedade e seus inúmeros problemas, como por exemplo o da pobreza menstrual.
Entrevista: Olgamir Amancia, Decana de Extensão da UnB
Authors: Participação Equipe
Published: January 2025

Entrevista com Olgamir Amancia
Decana de Extensão da UnB
Development of Counseling Sites with Digital Accessibility Features for the Blind and Visually Impaired Students
Authors: Rakhmawati Dini , Venty  , Murti Dewanto Febrian
Published: January 2025

Current counseling services, such as those available through sikons.upgris.ac.id, lack full accessibility for students with disabilities, particularly those who are blind and visually impaired. Studies reveal significant accessibility barriers across educational websites, impeding equal access for users with disabilities. This study addresses these gaps by developing an accessible counseling platform aligned with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) to ensure inclusive access for all students. Using the ADDIE model's structured stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation, this study aims to create a technically advanced, user-centered application that enhances usability and independence for students with disabilities. Results from user acceptance testing with 11 participants indicated a high satisfaction rate of 89,33%, demonstrating that the platform effectively meets users' needs, significantly improving accessibility and usability in educational counseling services. This outcome underscores the importance of integrating accessibility standards to foster inclusivity and equitable participation in digital educational resources.