bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early rehabilitation of patients after inguinal lymphadenectomy for carcinoma of the penis
Authors: Djurasic Ljubomir , Crnomarkovic Dragan , Zaric Nemanja , Djordjevic Vladimir , Raznatovic Zoran , Lekic Nebojsa , Kerkez Mirko
Published: July 2014

Early rehabilitation of patients after inguinal lymphadenectomy for cancer of
the penis is important in order to decrease morbidity and mortality. Half of
patients with cancer of the penis are subjected to the inguinal
lymphadenectomy, which has a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Out of 30
patients who underwent lymphadenectomy on Clinic for urology, Clinical center
of Serbia, 10 received radical lymphadenectomy. Morbidity rate was 42%, and
mortality rate was 10%. Other 20 patients underwent modified lymphadenctomy.
Morbidity rate was 20%, while mortality rate was 0%. Kinesitherapy on the
first postoperative day: breathing exercises, peripheral circulation
exercises, chest massage with Wick with training of coughing and
expectoration, exercise to preserve muscle strength and range of motion for
upper and lower extremities, inhalation, elastic stockings on the lower
extremities, along with gradual mobilization, sitting on the edge of the bed,
get up and walk with assistance (all with a belt). Successful and early
physiotherapy is necessary for quick recovery of operated patients, enabling
their fast return to normal life and saving time and resources for the
treatment of complications.
Manufacturer-supplier cooperative inventory model for deteriorating item with trapezoidal type demand
Authors: Singh Narayan , Vaish Bindu , Singh S.R.
Published: July 2014

This paper investigates a Supply Chain System for deteriorating items in
which a supplier supplies a manufacturer with raw material, and the
manufacturer produces the finished goods. Demand rate is assumed to be
time-sensitive in nature (Trapezoidal type), which allows three-phase
variation in demand, and production rate is demand dependent. Our adoption
of trapezoidal type demand reflects a real market demand for newly launched
product. We show that the total cost function is convex. With the convexity,
a simple solution algorithm is presented to determine the optimal order
quantity and optimal cycle time of the total cost function. Numerical
examples are given and the results are discussed.
CSR and Assurance Services: A Research Agenda
Authors: Cohen Jeffrey R. , Simnett Roger
Published: July 2014

This paper describes the current environment for assurance services for corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance. It then discusses opportunities for research, and highlights areas that are evolving as significant research opportunities and areas of significance that have been under-researched in the past. Finally, the paper reviews the five papers in the forum and highlights how multiple methodologies may be appropriate to examine different aspects of assuring CSR reporting from both internal and external assurance perspectives.
The Impact of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems on the Audit Report Lag
Authors: Kim Jongkyum , Nicolaou Andreas I. , Vasarhelyi Miklos A.
Published: July 2014

Prior research has shown that the implementation of ERP systems can significantly affect a firm's business operations and processes. However, scant research has been conducted on the relationship between ERP implementation and the timeliness of external audits, such as audit report lags. While some of the alleged benefits of ERP are closely related to removing impediments contributing to audit report lags, others argue that the complex mechanisms of ERP systems create greater complexity for control and audit. In this paper, we examine the relationship between ERP implementations and audit report lags. The test results indicate that overall, a firm's ERP implementation is negatively associated with audit report lag. However, this negative association is significant only at the fourth and fifth years after initial ERP implementation. These results imply that the use of ERP systems by client firms may help decrease the audit report lag, but it takes time for the full impact of the firms' accounting systems to be realized.
Accuracy of intraocular lens power calculation in pediatric cataracts with less than a 20 mm axial length of the eye
Authors: Joshi Purushottam , Mehta Raman , Ganesh Suma
Published: July 2014

Introduction: Selection of an appropriately-powered IOL is a complex issue, especially in eyes with an axial length of less than 20 mm in pediatric cataract. Objective: To assess the accuracy of IOL power calculation formulae in pediatric cataracts in eyes with an axial length of less than 20 mm. Materials and methods: The records of children less than 15 years old with congenital cataract who had undergone primary IOL implantation were analyzed. Main outcome measures: The variables studied were axial length, keratometric values and the prediction error. The data were analyzed for prediction error determination using the SRK II, SRK T, Holladay 1 and Hoffer Q IOL power calculation formulae. The formula that gave the best prediction error was identified. Results: Twenty-eight eyes of 19 children were included in the study. The absolute prediction error was found to be 1.84 ± 2.09 diopters (D) with SRK II, 2.93±3.55D with SRK T, 3.63±4.06D with Holladay 1, and 4.83±5.02D with Hoffer Q. The number of eyes with the absolute prediction error within 0.5 D was 6 (21.42%) with SRK II, 4 (14.28%) with SRK T, 1 (3.57%) with Holladay 1, and 3 (10.71%) with Hoffer Q. The absolute prediction error with SRK II formula was significantly better than that with other formulae (P < .001). The axial length influenced the absolute prediction error with Hoffer Q formula (P = 0.04). The mean keratometry influenced the prediction error with SRK T formula (P = 0.02), Holladay 1 formula (P = 0.02) and Hoffer Q formula (P = 0.02). Conclusion: Although the absolute prediction error tends to remain high with all the present IOL power calculation formulae, SRK II was the most predictable formula in this study. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v6i1.10773 Nepal J Ophthalmol 2014; 6 (2): 56-64
Ocular injuries in the people’s uprising of April 2006 in Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Sharma Ananda K , Shah Dev N , Shrestha Jeevan K , Thapa Madhu , Shrestha Gauri S
Published: July 2014

Introduction: In April 2006, the people of Nepal organised mass demonstrations demanding the restoration of democracy in the country. The ocular injuries that resulted during the riots that ensued, their pattern and the visual outcome of the injured have not yet been reported. Objective: To study the demographic profile, type, severity and the visual outcome of ocular injuries that occurred during the 2006 people’s uprising in Nepal. Subjects and methods: This was a retrospective interventional series of cases involving 29 subjects. The main outcome measures were demography, laterality of injury, type of injury and the visual status before and after the trauma. Results: The age of the victims ranged from 14 to 32 years. Among the victims with eye injuries, 27 (93.1 %) were males, who were unemployed youth, students and construction workers. The left eye was injured more frequently than the right. Non-lethal bullets and explosive tear gas were the commonest agents of the major ocular injuries. The main types of injuries requiring hospitalization were closed globe injuries in eight victims and open globe in six. Surgical intervention was required in 57.2 % (n = 29) of the cases. The visual outcome was poor in cases of open globe injury with posterior segment involvement. Conclusion: Non-lethal bullets and explosive tear gases can cause significant visual impairment. Severe open globe injury with a retained intra-ocular foreign body is associated with significant visual loss. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v6i1.10775   Nepal J Ophthalmol 2014; 6 (2): 71-79
Role of community volunteers in pediatric eye screening
Authors: Shrestha Mohan Krishna , Shrestha Ujjowala Devi
Published: July 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v6i1.10784 Nepal J Ophthalmol 2014; 6 (2): 119-121
Ocular myocysticercosis: an unusual case of ptosis
Authors: Sodhi Punita Kumari
Published: July 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v6i1.10785 Nepal J Ophthalmol 2014; 6 (2): 122
Optical coherence tomography in diabetic macular edema: sub-retinal fluid pattern and related risk factors
Authors: Gupta Aditi , Raman Rajiv , Sharma Tarun
Published: July 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v6i1.10786 Nepal J Ophthalmol 2014; 6 (2): 123-124
“Fitted to the Humour of the Age”: Alteration and Print in Swift’s A Tale of a Tub
Authors: Lanning Katie
Published: July 2014

Alteration links seemingly disparate ideas and pieces of the text in Jonathan Swift’s A Tale of a Tub. In the Tale’s allegory, brothers alter their coats through over-embellishment. In the Tale’s digressions, the Grub Street narrator alters texts by overvaluing and reading only added commentary and prolegomena. The Tale’s material format also demonstrates surface alteration in its constant shifting between forms and in the changes Swift makes to the 1710 edition. Books and bodies alike are altered by layers of new surfaces in the Tale. Swift suggests that in both cases these exterior alterations possess the ability to disrupt and distort interiors, producing madness in bodies and misreading in books. Uneasy with the possibility of alterations unbalancing or destabilizing his meaning in an attempt to fit the text “to the humour of the Age,” Swift creates a work that possesses the potential to grow with material alteration. Any errors, additions, or changes to his text over time, even if Swift might despise them, validate his strategy.
L’Humour noir des Lumières: Diderot, Casanova, Freud
Authors: Leborgne Erik
Published: July 2014

RÉSUMÉ

La critique récente sur les procédés du comique s’est beaucoup intéressée à l’ironie, au mot d’esprit, au persiflage, mais beaucoup moins à la pratique de l’humour et du Galgenhumor dans les œuvres du XVIIIe siècle. La littérature à la première personne (narrative, épistolaire, mémorielle) offre pourtant un riche matériau pour saisir le mécanisme psychique de l’humour noir à partir des concepts freudiens. Les textes de Denis Diderot et de Casanova témoignent d’une fine perception des ressources de l’humour et de son inscription littéraire, sur le plan de l’énonciation et du partage du mot humoristique avec le lecteur.
Unholy Laughter
Authors: Anderson Misty G.
Published: July 2014

Clerical satires with anxious depictions of religious devotion poured forth from British presses in the eighteenth century, a period of conversation about whether secularism and toleration could be seen as the hallmarks of a modern culture. The images in this essay represent this abundant clerical satire; they are drawn from the Lewis Walpole Library holdings at Yale University and were the basis of a gallery show, Sacred Satire, which I co-curated with Cynthia Roman in 2011. Through these images, I illustrate the tension between an understanding of religion as part of a traditional past and of religion as a collection of new evangelical Christian movements and practices including “human” hymns, evangelical preaching, religious life beyond the parish, “heart religion” or “primitive Christianity,” and working-class enthusiasm. Clerical figures such as George Whitefield and John Wesley loom large in the visual satires of modern religion and the implicit questions it raised about the relationship of belief to modernity.
Synthesis and Characterization of Series of Soft-Template Agents for Mesoporous Materials
Authors: Xu Xiaofen , Liu Dongliang , He Daoping
Published: July 2014

Quaternary ammonium surfactants 3a–d, with diether linkages in the backbone between hydrocarbon chains and the ammonium head groups, were synthesized as potential soft-template agents for the preparation of mesoporous materials. Varying the length of their carbon chains was expected to control the pore sizes of the corresponding mesoporous materials prepared. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) and γcmc (surface tension of the CMC) of these surfactants were measured by surface tension method.
Combination of Best Promoter and Micellar Catalyst for Cr(VI) Oxidation of Lactose to Lactobionic Acid in Aqueous Medium at Room Temperature
Authors: Malik Susanta , Ghosh Aniruddha , Mukherjee Kakali , Saha Bidyut
Published: July 2014

In aqueous acidic media, picolinic acid, 2,3-dipicolinic acid, and 2,6-dipicolinic acid promoted Cr(VI) oxidation of lactose to lactobionic acid has been carried out at room temperature. A possible reaction mechanism, which is based on the kinetic results and the product analysis, has been proposed. The anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and nonionic surfactant Triton-X-100 (TX-100) accelerate the process while the cationic surfactant N-cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) retards the reaction.
Cloud Point Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Aqueous Solution with Nonionic Surfactants
Authors: Alibrahim Moussa
Published: July 2014

A cloud point extraction (CPE) process using the two nonionic surfactants, Tergitol 15-S-9 and Tergitol 15-S-7, mixtures of secondary ethoxylated alcohols, to extract selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from aqueous solutions at 25°C was investigated. Cloud point temperatures (CPTs) of selected nonionic surfactants were studied against the effect of added electrolytes on their cloud points. Sodium iodide could increase the cloud points of selected nonionic surfactants, i.e., the salt-in effect, whereas sodium chloride, sodium phosphate and sodium sulfate could decrease the cloud point, i.e., the salt-out effect. Cloud point temperatures (CPTs) of these micellar solutions were regulated and reduced enough with addition of sodium phosphate and sodium sulfate, so that the cloud point extraction (CPE) process could be facilitated at 25°C. It was found that a higher preconcentration factor could be achieved in the micellar solution having a lower surfactant concentration. The average preconcentration factor was also discussed as a function of surfactant concentration used in the CPE process.
The Role of Surface Active Agents in Sulfonation of Double Bonds
Authors: Farkhani Dariush , Khalili Ali Asghar , Mehdizadeh Ali
Published: July 2014

Sulfosuccinate esters are vastly used in different formulations as wetting agents and dispersants. Hemi-ester, diester, ethoxylated, and ethoxylated ester derivatives of maleic anhydride, maleic acid, and fumaric acid are converted to the saturated or corresponding sulfosuccinates by the reaction of the double bond with sodium bisulfite in basic media. The roles of anionic, cationic and non-ionic surfactants have been investigated. Appropriate surfactants have been applied in the absence of a peroxide initiator. The results obtained show increased reaction rates. Characterization of the products was performed by FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Ethoxylated isooctyl maleate derivative was used as the starting material and the sulfonation agents used were sodium bisulfite and meta bisulfite.
Route-Recording Technology for the Swiss Microcensus on Mobility and Transport 2010
Authors: Ohnmacht Timo
Published: July 2014

Route recording is a key new feature of the Swiss Microcensus on Mobility and Transport 2010 (MCMT 2010). Whereas in previous micro-censuses information on distances was based on respondents’ estimates, the MCMT 2010 for the first time supplemented these estimates with effective distances determined by means of routing. Given the far greater accuracy of routed distance data compared with subjective estimates, the routed distances were applied for all motorized distance-related analyses. It was found that route recording provided reliable and valid distance measures and was one way to overcome the difficulty with participants’ distance estimates. But development work is needed on the routing of non-motorized travel regarding both digital networks and the survey method. The paper concludes by drawing on the findings of this examination and formulating opportunities for improvement and enhancement.
Detecting Outliers in Cell Phone Data
Authors: Horn Christopher , Klampfl Stefan , Cik Michael , Reiter Thomas
Published: July 2014

The use of cell phone signaling data for traffic modeling has great potential. Because of the high coverage rate of these phones, the data can be used as an addition to or even as a replacement for stationary sensors when the deployment of stationary sensors is not possible or too expensive. However, cell phone signaling data are error-prone and have to be preprocessed for use in traffic modeling. First, the positions reported by cell phone signaling data may be inaccurate. Second, because of privacy issues, additional data may be introduced to obfuscate actual movements. This study presents three filters to rectify the trajectories generated by cell phone movements. For evaluation, the filters were applied to cell phone trajectories and compared with corresponding GPS-based tracks. The evaluation data covered 4,933 tracks collected automatically and 5 tracks collected manually. The proposed filters significantly improved estimation of speed and position compared with the raw trajectories of cell phone movements.
Design of Ultrahigh-Performance Concrete Waffle Deck for Accelerated Bridge Construction
Authors: Aaleti Sriram , Sritharan Sri
Published: July 2014

As part of an innovation project funded by the FHWA Highways for LIFE program, a full-depth precast, ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC) waffle deck panel and appropriate connections suitable for field implementation of waffle decks were developed. After a successful full-scale validation test on a unit consisting of two panels with three types of connections under laboratory conditions, the waffle deck was installed on a replacement bridge in Wapello County, Iowa. The subsequent load testing confirmed the desirable performance of the UHPC waffle deck bridge. With lessons from the completed project and outcomes from a series of simple and detailed finite element analyses of waffle decks, a design guide was developed to help broaden the design and installation of the UHPC waffle deck panel cost-effectively in new and existing bridges. This paper describes the waffle deck design introduced in the guide as it is applied to new bridges. To minimize the cost of this new bridge deck system, information on maximum rib spacing and simplified connections, along with the design of the deck panel for positive and negative moments, is presented.
Performance of Uncoated Weathering Steel Highway Bridges Throughout the United States
Authors: McConnell Jennifer , Shenton Harry W. , Mertz Dennis , Kaur Dhilvinder
Published: July 2014

Because uncoated weathering steel (UWS) bridges have been in use in the United States for nearly 50 years, the long-term performance of these structures can now be assessed. An assessment was completed by surveying the varied experiences of 52 U.S. transportation agencies and analyzing the data on all UWS bridges known within these and other agencies, which totaled nearly 10,000 structures. It was established that the superstructure condition ratings system (based on a standard national rating system) of these structures was a valid means of assessing UWS performance in a quantitative manner on the basis of a comparison of these ratings to qualitative information received from bridge owners in the 52 agencies surveyed. Of the most significant findings from the analysis, first, was that the superstructure condition ratings of the majority of UWS bridges were classified as excellent or very good, on the basis of the national criteria for these qualitative descriptors. Second, a comparison of the ratings of UWS bridges and other steel bridges within representative agencies while accounting for differences in ages of the various populations indicated that UWS displays increased or similar performance relative to other steel. UWS bridges performed quite well in most cases. Considering their economic and environmental benefits, continued or increased use of UWS bridges is regarded as sound engineering practice.
Effects of Realistic Heat-Straightening Repair on Damaged Steel Beams
Authors: Sohn Young Moo , Varma Amit H. , Cha Hun
Published: July 2014

Realistic implementation of heat straightening in the field can include imperfections such as temperatures much higher or lower than recommended values, overstraining, mechanical hot bending, and multiple heat straightening. Experimental investigations were performed to evaluate the effects of realistic heat straightening with imperfections on damaged steel beams. Six steel beam specimens were fabricated from A36 steel plates and tested to evaluate the effects of various damage and repair parameters on realistic heat-straightening repair. Test specimens were statically damaged by using a hydraulic actuator, and heat-straightening repaired by applying Vee heats and restraining forces in the plastically deformed region. The damage and repair parameters considered in the test were damage magnitude, restraining force, maximum heating temperature, and number of multiple damage–repair cycles. The material properties, including the structural properties, and the fracture toughness of the damaged–repaired beam specimens were determined and evaluated. Specimens subjected to overheating (up to 1,400°F) during repair and those subjected to heating up to 1,200°F had similar structural properties and fracture toughness values after repair. Specimens subjected to one or three damage–repair cycles had similar structural properties and fracture toughness. However, specimens subjected to mechanical hot bending [i.e., heat-straightening repair with underheating (temperature less than 1,000°F and excessive restraining force over 50% of the plastic moment capacity of the section)] had poor fracture toughness values.
Development of Concrete Bridge Data Schema for Interoperability
Authors: Ali Najaf , Chen Stuart S. , Srikonda Rohit , Hu Hanjin
Published: July 2014

The advancement of key aspects of bridge information modeling for software interoperability and data exchange has attracted increasing interest from various stakeholders in the bridge industry. Potential benefits include reductions in project delivery time, errors, and cost. However, a lack of standardized data exchange protocols hinders the development and deployment of such modeling. This situation causes the still-all-too-fragmented bridge industry to waste a large amount of money each year. The research presented in this paper was motivated by the advantages of using interoperability to streamline the approaches used to deliver concrete bridge projects. Every bridge project requires frequent communication; without improved software interoperability, projects can become bogged down with requests for information. This paper develops, demonstrates, and implements key aspects of interoperable data schema protocols that can be used to facilitate the exchange of bridge information in the planning, design, detailing, fabrication, and construction phases of concrete bridge projects. These protocols will be public domain and software neutral with their implementation being considered in various bridge software applications.
Introduction
Authors: Müller Birgit
Published: July 2014

Seeds are simultaneously a meaningful part of the daily life of many people involved in agriculture and instruments for national and international policy making. This thematic section explores the sensorial connections between people and plants, the relationships of power that impact and frame them, and the reflections and contestations that they are a part of. In the midst of Western societies and among scientists and farmers, different ontologies and different perceptions of being and coevolving with others in the world coexist, as we will show by looking at human-seed relationships. Local and global legacies create powerful differences between seeds, while various forms of international governance simultaneously push seeds toward homogenization and agriculture toward industrialization while claiming to preserve diversity. Intellectual property rights over seeds and seed regulations have become powerful tools of multinational seed corporations for appropriating large parts of farmers' incomes and controlling the food chain, while it is the sensorial and emotional connections between humans and plants that provide the drive to resist them.
Mavericks
Authors: Kalb Don
Published: July 2014

New books discussed in this article:

Graeber, David. 2011. Debt: The first 5,000 years. New York: Melville House.

Graeber, David. 2013. The democracy project: A history, a crisis, a movement. London: Allan Lane.

Harvey, David. 2011. The enigma of capital and the crises of capitalism. London: Profile Books.

Harvey, David. 2012. Rebel cities: From the right to the city to the urban revolution. London: Verso.

Harvey, David. 2013. A companion to Marx’s Capital, volume 2. London: Verso.

Lazar, Sian. 2008. El Alto, rebel city: Self and citizenship in Andean Bolivia. Durham, NC, and London: Duke University Press.
Scaling of Thermal Images at Different Spatial Resolution: The Mixed Pixel Problem
Authors: Jones Hamlyn , Sirault Xavier
Published: July 2014

The consequences of changes in spatial resolution for application of thermal imagery in plant phenotyping in the field are discussed. Where image pixels are significantly smaller than the objects of interest (e.g., leaves), accurate estimates of leaf temperature are possible, but when pixels reach the same scale or larger than the objects of interest, the observed temperatures become significantly biased by the background temperature as a result of the presence of mixed pixels. Approaches to the estimation of the true leaf temperature that apply both at the whole-pixel level and at the sub-pixel level are reviewed and discussed.
Maternal Diet and Weight at 3 Months Postpartum Following a Pregnancy Intervention with a Low Glycaemic Index Diet: Results from the ROLO Randomised Control Trial
Authors: Horan Mary , McGowan Ciara , Gibney Eileen , Donnelly Jean , McAuliffe Fionnuala
Published: July 2014

Pregnancy increases the risk of being overweight at a later time period, particularly when there is excessive gestational weight gain. There remains a paucity of data into the effect of low glycaemic index (GI) pregnancy interventions postpartum. Aim: To examine the impact of a low glycaemic index diet during pregnancy on maternal diet 3 months postpartum. Methodology: This analysis examined the diet, weight and lifestyle of 460 participants of the ROLO study 3 months postpartum. Questionnaires on weight, physical activity, breastfeeding, supplement use, food label reading and dietary habits were completed. Results: The intervention group had significantly greater weight loss from pre-pregnancy to 3 months postpartum than the control group (1.3 vs. 0.1 kg, p = 0.022). The intervention group reported greater numbers following a low glycaemic index diet (p < 0.001) and reading food labels (p = 0.032) and had a lower glycaemic load (GL) (128 vs. 145, p = 0.014) but not GI (55 vs. 55, p = 0.809) than controls. Conclusions: Low GI dietary interventions in pregnancy result in improved health-behaviours and continued reported compliance at 3 months postpartum possibly through lower dietary GL as a result of portion control. Greater levels of weight loss from pre-pregnancy to 3 months postpartum in the intervention group may have important positive implications for overweight and obesity.
Long-Term Bending Creep Behavior of Thin-Walled CFRP Tendon Pretensioned Spun Concrete Poles
Authors: Terrasi Giovanni , Meier Urs , Affolter Christian
Published: July 2014

This paper discusses the long-term behavior of a series of highly-loaded, spun concrete pole specimens prestressed with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) tendons, which were subjected to outdoor four-point bending creep tests since 1996 in the frame of collaboration with the Swiss precast concrete producer, SACAC (Società Anonima Cementi Armati Centrifugati). The 2 m span cylindrical beams studied are models for lighting poles produced for the last 10 years and sold on the European market. Five thin-walled pole specimens were investigated (diameter: 100 mm; wall-thickness: 25–27 mm). All specimens were produced in a pretensioning and spinning technique and were prestressed by pultruded CFRP tendons. Initially, two reference pole specimens were tested in quasi-static four-point bending to determine the short-term failure moment and to model the short-term flexural behavior. Then, three pole specimens were loaded to different bending creep moments: while the lowest loaded specimen was initially uncracked, the second specimen was loaded with 50% of the short-term bending failure moment and exhibited cracking immediately after load introduction. The highest loaded pole specimen sustained a bending moment of 72% of the short-term bending failure moment for 16.5 years before failing in July 2013, due to the bond failure of the tendons, which led to local crushing of the high-performance spun concrete (HPSC). Besides this, long-term monitoring of the creep tests has shown a limited time- and temperature-dependent increase of the deflections over the years, mainly due to the creep of the concrete. A concrete creep-based model allowed for the calculation of the long-term bending curvatures with reasonable accuracy. Furthermore, the pole specimens showed crack patterns that were stable over time and minimal slippage of the tendons with respect to the pole’s end-faces for the two lower load levels. The latter proves the successful and durable anchorage of these novel CFRP prestressing tendons in thin-walled, precast concrete members under realistic long-term service loads.
Rotation Matrix to Operate a Robot Manipulator for 2D Analog Tracking Objects Using Electrooculography
Authors: Rusydi Muhammad , Okamoto Takeo , Ito Satoshi , Sasaki Minoru
Published: July 2014

Performing some special tasks using electrooculography (EOG) in daily activities is being developed in various areas. In this paper, simple rotation matrixes were introduced to help the operator move a 2-DoF planar robot manipulator. The EOG sensor, NF 5201, has two output channels (Ch1 and Ch2), as well as one ground channel and one reference channel. The robot movement was the indicator that this system could follow gaze motion based on EOG. Operators gazed into five training target points each in the horizontal and vertical line as the preliminary experiments, which were based on directions, distances and the areas of gaze motions. This was done to get the relationships between EOG and gaze motion distance for four directions, which were up, down, right and left. The maximum angle for the horizontal was 46°, while it was 38° for the vertical. Rotation matrixes for the horizontal and vertical signals were combined, so as to diagonally track objects. To verify, the errors between actual and desired target positions were calculated using the Euclidian distance. This test section had 20 random target points. The result indicated that this system could track an object with average angle errors of 3.31° in the x-axis and 3.58° in the y-axis.
Detecting Cannabis Use on the Human Skin Surface via an Electronic Nose System
Authors: Voss Andreas , Witt Katharina , Kaschowitz Tobias , Poitz Wolf , Ebert Andreas , Roser Patrik , Bär Karl-Jürgen
Published: July 2014

The most commonly used drug testing methods are based on the analysis of hair and urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry or immunoassay screening. These methods are time-consuming and partly expensive. One alternative method could be the application of an “electronic nose” (eNose). We have developed an eNose to detect directly on the human skin surface metabolic changes in the human body odor caused by cannabis consumption. Twenty cannabis-smoking and 20 tobacco-smoking volunteers were enrolled in this study. For the sensor signal data processing, two different methods were applied: Principle component analysis (PCA) with discriminant analysis, and the method of pattern recognition with subsequent support vector machines (SVM) processing. The PCA analysis achieved a correct classification of 70%, whereas the SVM obtained an accuracy of 92.5% (sensitivity 95%, specificity 90%) between cannabis-consuming volunteers and tobacco-smoking subjects. This study shows evidence that a low-cost, portable and fast-working eNose system could be useful for health protection, security agencies and for forensic investigations. The ability to analyze human body odor with an eNose opens up a wide field for diagnosing other drugs and also various diseases.
Research on Scenic Spot’s Sustainable Development Based on a SD Model: A Case Study of the Jiuzhai Valley
Authors: Liao Zhixue , Jin Maozhu , Ren Peiyu , Luo Yuyan
Published: July 2014

In the field of tourism, the development of tourist attractions is playing an increasingly crucial role in tourism economy, regional economy and national economy. However, the eco-environment has been damaged while tourism industry develops rapidly. Thus, to solve the contradiction between tourism development and eco-environment protection is the key to achieving sustainable development of tourism. This paper builds a SD model, which is based on the analysis of the economic subsystem and environment subsystem, to promote sustainable development. In order to show the effectiveness of the model, Jiuzhai Valley is taken as the research object and a decisive basis is provided for the path adjustment of sustainable development in tourist scenic.
Comprehensive Assessment on Sustainable Development of Highway Transportation Capacity Based on Entropy Weight and TOPSIS
Authors: Li Yancang , Zhao Lei , Suo Juanjuan
Published: July 2014

With the rapid development of the national economy of China, an increasing need for transportation facilities is becoming a serious challenge that the existing traffic system has to meet. Thus, the highway transportation capacity development level assessment has important significance in theory and in practice. In order to overcome the current defects of stronger subjectivity and experience in common assessment methods, the entropy weight and the TOPSIS method were introduced and employed to the comprehensive assessment of highway transportation capacity development. Shannon information entropy was applied to determine the weight value of each index in the comprehensive assessment model. After determining the index weight, the result of comprehensive assessment was obtained through the TOPSIS method. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method were shown by application in practice.
Coat as a Dagger: The Use of Capsid Proteins to Perforate Membranes during Non-Enveloped DNA Viruses Trafficking
Authors: Bilkova Eva , Forstova Jitka , Abrahamyan Levon
Published: July 2014

To get access to the replication site, small non-enveloped DNA viruses have to cross the cell membrane using a limited number of capsid proteins, which also protect the viral genome in the extracellular environment. Most of DNA viruses have to reach the nucleus to replicate. The capsid proteins involved in transmembrane penetration are exposed or released during endosomal trafficking of the virus. Subsequently, the conserved domains of capsid proteins interact with cellular membranes and ensure their efficient permeabilization. This review summarizes our current knowledge concerning the role of capsid proteins of small non-enveloped DNA viruses in intracellular membrane perturbation in the early stages of infection.
Un Acacia australien à la conquête des dunes de Libye
Authors: Gillet Hubert
Published: July 2014

In Libya, the rehabilitation of coastal sand hills has been undertaken by planting on them an Australian Acacia (A. cyanophylla) ; in this article, the techniques used are described and the results evaluated. The author discusses also the possible use of Acacia cyanophylla.
Le jardin, lieu de confrontation culturelle ? Étude du cas d'une vallée de la Haute-Savoie
Authors: Lizet Bernadette
Published: July 2014

An analysis of the various notions and attitudes concerning the house gardens and ornemental plants in a valley of Haute Savoie in the French Alps.
Ingrédients naturels de préservation des grains stockés dans les pays en voie de développement
Authors: de Luca Y.
Published: July 2014

A survey of natural ingredients used in grain preservation.
The Palm Economy, in particular the Swamp Sago Economy in Southeast Asia
Authors: Koonlin Tan
Published: July 2014

A la lumière d'un inventaire des usages des palmiers dans les tropiques humides de l'Asie du Sud-Est, on met en évidence le rôle de ces palmiers dans l'économie de cette aire, en montrant tout particulièrement l'importance à cet égard des palmiers-sagoutiers du genre Metroxylon.
Controverses sur les vertus du cacao et les manières de préparer le chocolat (XVIe-XVIIIe siècle)
Authors: Peeters Alice
Published: July 2014

The conceptions about cacao properties and the way chocolate had to be prepared, were modified between the 16th and the 18th centuries. Nevertheless, during this period, controversies were lead basically in the frame of thought of humoral medicine.
La production cacaoyère dans l'économie mondiale
Authors: Braudeau J.
Published: July 2014

A world outlook of cacao production. The author studies its evolution during the last ten years, characterized by the decline of Ghana and Nigeria, and the rise of the Ivory Coast and Brazil, which are now the two leading world producers. The author emphasizes on the fact that this production is basically destined to export, but he notes that exports of cacao beans are increasingly replaced by exports of processed products. He ends with a review of cacao bean prices on the international market.
L'essartage et ses implications sur le mode de développement en milieu de forêt tropicale (Amazonie)
Authors: Podselver Laurence
Published: July 2014

A presentation of the documentary research done by the «Groupe de Recherche sur les Sociétés indigènes de l'Amérique du Sud» on swidden cultivation in tropical America.
Pamplemousse ou pomelo : un cas exemplaire de conflit entre usage et norme
Authors: Chauvet Michel
Published: July 2014

In French, the name « pamplemousse » is usually given to the grapefruit, whereas the standardized name is «pomelo». The author tries to clarify the taxonomical and genetical relationships of Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. and C. paradisi Macf., and lists the cultivars related to them. Then he reviews the history of common names for grapefruit and pumme- lo/shaddock in English, French, Dutch, German, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese. On the basis of biological and linguistical arguments, the author retains the name « pamplemousse » for the grapefruit, and asks the workers in standardization who have to choose a standardized name for a crop to make previously a thorough ethnobotanical review of it.
A propos des thérapeutes Pygmées Aka de la région de la Lobaye (Centrafrique)
Authors: Motte Élisabeth
Published: July 2014

Within the study on the therapeutist role among the Aka pygmies of the Lobaye rain forest in Central Africa, the author takes more particular interest in soothsayers-healers «bondo», in their initiation, in the part they play in different rituals and in the plants they use on these various occasions.
La réaction à la durée de l'éclairement quotidien des taxons du « Centre abyssin d'origine des plantes cultivées » selon N.I. Vavilov
Authors: Mathon Claude-Charles
Published: July 2014

Taking into account the reaction to light duration in the care of 12 herbaceous taxa pertaining to the «Abyssinian center of origin of cultivated plants», N.I. Vavilov obtained the following ratio : taxa with short-day reaction / taxa with long day reaction, i. e. S/L = 1/3. The author's own experiment on about 200 population corresponding to 24 taxa mentionned on Vavilov's list of species resulted in obtaining the same ratio S/L = 1/3. However, critical examination of species mentionned on Vavilov's list shows that only a small part of them can be considered as pertaining to an East African origin and as originally domesticated («primagrivernacular» plants) in Abyssinia. If one considers only these «pri- magrivernacular» species, S/L =4/1.
Les Amphibiens dans l'univers wayàpi
Authors: Lescure Jean , Grenand Françoise , Grenand Pierre
Published: July 2014

The Wayapi, Tupi-Guarani group of French Guiana, have integrated local Amphibians into their cultural universe. The wayâpi and linnean taxonomies are compared : Amphibia Order is a unnamed category. The named units are the species that are grouped, for the most part, in unnamed aggregates by eco-ethological characters. Of the 57 Anuran species collected in the Upper Oyapock and the 12 others that are believed to live there, 49 have a wayapi name. The species diagnosis is made principally by call and also by morphology (shape, color, size, distinctive traits), behaviour and ecological niche. The Wayapi know very well these Anurans because they separate some sibbling species that were not known by Batrachologists. Amphibians are more heard that seen. The etymology of their names confirms that : 24 are ideophones based on call imitation, 4 refers to others eco-ethological characters and 15 to morphology. Four Amphibians are known to indicate the seasons. The Wayapi eat sixteen species and eggs of eight, that is not important economically. Names of Amphibians are given to ten women and two men. The clan origin of Mulu people is explained. Some Amphibians are cited in myths. The most important Amphibian in wayâpi folklore and rites is kunawalu Phrynohias resinifictrix.
The interactions of yam and man
Authors: Coursey D.G.
Published: July 2014

Cette étude des interactions entre ignames et hommes est consacrée aux relations réciproques entre, d'une part, les hommes et leurs ancêtres et d'autre part le genre Dioscorea et ses antécédents. Une telle approche dialectique devrait permettre une meilleure compréhension non seulement du sujet propre de cette étude mais encore, plus généralement, des relations entre hommes et plantes.
Poudres minérales naturelles et insectes des grains stockés (critères, dissuadants, létaux, silice, sels de calcium et magnésium)
Authors: de Luca Y.
Published: July 2014

A great number of minerals, by their test and their cost, are potential phyto- sanitary sources still actually valuable to protect food-stuffs in storage. Between 0,5 and 1 % of pondéral rate as regards the seeds, these ingredients in fine, homogeneous, fluent and stable powder, with 40 % of particles inferior to 10 m include deterrents (sand), abrasives (silica and compounds), and dessicants (Ca and Mg salts). The most interesting of these ingredients, on condition that subsequent researches be done, are : tricalcic phosphate, magnesium carbonate, silica of vegetal origin and attapulgite.
Recherches sur l'introduction de la patate douce
Authors: Liang Jiamian , Qi Jingwen
Published: July 2014

Long long ago, "Chinese sweet potato" (Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burk.) was generally called "sweet potato". It was only a mistake that as early as the first century A. D. or prior to this, sweet potato was utilized and cultivated by Chinese and it was recorded in the famous then contemporary literature named "Chronology of Rare Things" (yi wu zhi) authored by Yang Fu. According to the verification of some literatures, the "sweet potato" (Ipomoea batatas) is entirely different from the "sweet potato" described in the above mentioned literature, even though its emerald covers a good portion of the earth and is as vital as the other cereals to men. It is not a very long time since ."Fanshu" (Ipomoea batatas) was introduced into our country. Though the information concerning the date and channel of introduction is neither very exact nor in detail, yet after a preliminary investigation the authors at the present time prefer to believe that the earliest date of introducing should be the eighth year of Wanli of the Ming Dynasty, i.e., 1582 A.D., or probably a little earlier. There were at least three channels of introduction, the first was from Vietnam to Dianbai County of Guandong Province ; the second was from Vietnam to Dongguan County of Guandong Province, and the third was from the Philippines to Changle County of Fujian province. Among these three channels, excepting that during the twenty-first year of Wanli (1593 A.D.), the last one of which more records could be found was better known by most people while the first and the second ones were little known due to the limited systemic evidences available. As 1980 is the four-hundredth anniversary of the introduction of sweet potato into our country, the present paper is written to fill the gap in plant introduction history and to serve as a token of commemoration.
Histoire d'Actinidia chinensis Planch, et conditions actuelles de sa production à l'étranger
Authors: Yan Jianying
Published: July 2014

L'auteur fait une mise au point sur l'origine l'Actinidia chinensis Planch., originaire de Chine où il est cultivé depuis plus de 1 200 ans, comme en témoignent de nombreux documents anciens. Cependant sa culture s'est surtout développée hors de Chine et les Néo-Zélandais en sont les plus gros exportateurs mondiaux. Après un aperçu de la situation prospère du marché international , l'auteur conclut en souhaitant un développement de cette culture dans son propre pays.
Données préliminaires pour la réintroduction et la culture du millet Setaria en France
Authors: Brabant P. , Belliard Jacques , Métailié Georges , Nguyen Van E. , Poirier S. , Poirier B. , Pernes Jean
Published: July 2014

This short review describes various aspects of foxtail millet Setaria italica, particularly : its origin, traditional and modern cultural practices in China and France, comparisons between French and Chinese varieties, and floral biology. Some Chinese varieties appear to be well adapted to modem French agriculture. Therefore, extension of millet culture in France might be favorable reconsidered.
Légumes et fruits chez les ethnies minoritaires du Sud-Est de la Chine
Authors: Haudricourt André-Georges
Published: July 2014

Présentation de la nomenclature des légumes et des fruits dans diverses langues des groupes miao-yao et chuang du Sud-Est de la Chine.
Étude ethnobotanique des espèces fruitières landaises
Authors: Leterme Evelyne
Published: July 2014

Ethnobotanic study of Grande Lande fruit species, Landes of Gascogne natural area, begun in 1979, has permitted to repertory a lot of each specy varieties.

After inventory, description and if possible varieties determination, the rarest ones, the ones are going to disappear and the most typical ones, have been grafted in the « Ecomusée de la Grande Lande » to conserve these genotypes and to study cultivars agronomic caractères (pedo-climatics conditions' adaptations, parasitism résistance, blossoming phenology, fructification types, and so on...) by appropriate biometric measures and controled hybridizations. The study of agricultural methods, cultural and alimentary traditions in keeping with these ancient cultivars, has permitted to thorough command of these species.