bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental justice movements and restorative justice
Authors: Minguet Angèle
Published: April 2021

Environmental justice movements and restorative justice

The worldwide existing environmental conflicts have also given rise to worldwide environmental justice movements. Using a diversity of tools that range from petitions to legal actions, what such movements have often shown is that environmental conflicts rarely find a satisfactory resolution through criminal judicial avenues. Given this reality, the important question then is whether there is a place within environmental justice movements for a restorative justice approach, which would lead to the reparation or restoration of the environment and involve the offenders, the victims and other interested parties in the conflict transformation process. Based on the analysis of environmental conflicts collected by the Environmental Justice Organizations, Liabilities and Trade project (EJOLT), and more specifically on two emblematic environmental conflict cases in Nigeria and in Ecuador, the argument will be made that it is essentially due to the characteristics of environmental conflicts, and due to the fact that they almost never find a satisfactory resolution through traditional judicial avenues, that environmental justice movements ask for a restorative approach, and that restorative justice is a sine qua non condition to truly repair environmental injustices, as long as the worldview and nature of the victims is taken into consideration.
Non-random errors and their importance in testing of hypotheses
Authors: Szreder Mirosław
Published: April 2021

Increasing numbers of non-random errors are observed in contemporary sample surveying – in particular, those resulting from no response or faulty measutrements (imprecise statistical observation). Until recently, the consequences of these kinds of errors have not been widely discussed in the context of the testing of hypoteses. Researchers focused almost entirely on sampling errors (random errors), whose magnitude decreases as the size of the random sample grows. In consequence, researchers who often use samples of very large sizes tend to overlook the influence random and non-random errors have on the results of their study.
The aim of this paper is to present how non-random errors can affect the decision-making process based on the classical hypothesis testing procedure. Particular attention is devoted to cases in which researchers manage samples of large sizes. The study proved the thesis that samples of large sizes cause statistical tests to be more sensitive to non-random errors. Systematic errors, as a special case of non-random errors, increase the probability of making the wrong decision to reject a true hypothesis as the sample size grows. Supplementing the testing of hypotheses with the analysis of confidence intervals may in this context provide substantive support for the researcher in drawing accurate inferences.
Diagnosing the needs of users of statistical information
Authors: Dygaszewicz Janusz , Podedworna Krystyna
Published: April 2021

This article presents a methodology to anticipate the needs of users, which describes the objectives, scope and mode of collecting information and its development and use. Diagnosing the user needs is defined as a process supported by appropriate IT tools, implemented in a systematic and planned manner, using all available data sources. The use of the results of the diagnosis in the next stages of statistical work will allow to customize the information offer to the expectations of customers while maintaining maximum flexibility when dealing with larger volumes of information, and thereby ensure the high reference quality of statistical information.
The cooperation of official statistics and the scientific community
Authors: Bal-Domańska Beata
Published: April 2021

The role of official statistics in public life is constantly growing, and with it the demand for high quality data. Official statistics follows this challenge by changing possibilities of sharing and collecting data, adjusting range of information to any user, in particular the special needs of professionals. The article presents the cooperation of science and statistics in the creation of modern public information system, based on the experiences of statistical offices. The current information offer of public statistics and expectations of customers, including the scientists and researchers, for example using the Local Data Bank, have been subjected to confrontation.
Comparing the results of examination tests
Authors: Zalewska Elżbieta
Published: April 2021

The article presents the theory of parallel testing and a few selected examples of the application of tests comparing the results of the examination. To examine whether these methods were taken into account the results of the secondary school examination conducted in years 2011–2013 in mathematics and natural sciences with a corresponding smoothing test in the Lodz voivodship. The level of both secondary school and matriculation exams from year to year is getting lower. This creates an additional problem with the comparison of the results of examination for recruitment to high schools and universities. The introduction of smoothing methods to the creation of examination papers would facilitate recruitment.
Retailing network in Poland – territorial diversification and changes
Authors: Kłosiewicz-Górecka Urszula
Published: April 2021

This article aims to identify changes in the network of shops and points of a small-retail sale in the voivodships between 2009 and 2013. The dynamics of the number of stores and sales area, the share of large objects in the chain stores, the average store area, sales area per 1000 inhabitants, the number and the dynamics of markets and points of small-retail sale were analyzed. The analysis was conducted based on CSO data, as well as materials from secondary sources, including the Internet.
Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD) to assess the effectiveness of the activation program of the unemployed aged 45/50+
Authors: Bieszk-Stolorz Beata
Published: April 2021

The aim of the article is to describe the impact of the implementation of a program to increase the efficiency of persons aged 45/50+. The author analyzes program implemented by the Labour Office in Szczecin in 2009 and 2010. Implementation of this program was to encourage the employment of people aged 45/50+, as well as to acquire or upgrade skills and qualifications of these people to work. These tasks are implemented through: training, internships, the provision of one-off financial support for starting a business, intervention works and public works. The aim of the study is to determine whether the proposed program contributed to the shortening of the job search. To examine the differences in the duration of unemployment is used survival analysis models and acute form of the Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD). RDD parameters enabled the evaluation of the effectiveness of the implemented program. The analysis was conducted based on data from individuals deregistered from the Office in years 2009 and 2010.
Developing an economy based on knowledge and innovation in the context of the middle income trap
Authors: Wieczorek Paweł
Published: April 2021

The article is a contribution to the discussion on the necessity to change the current model of economic growth of Poland for model of economy based on knowledge and innovation. In this way, our country will be able to overcome the threats that might push the economy into the trap of the average income, expressed in long-term slowdown in GDP growth.
The endogenous growth theory, formed after 1989 and characterized by duplication of Western technology, enabled relatively rapid growth by over 20 years. Currently, Poland to ensure an economic growth is facing the need for innovative technologies and innovation. Risks associated with middle income trap are very real because of the disappearance of comparative advantage, which results from relatively low labor costs.
The creation in Poland conditions to accelerate economic growth requires action to increase the propensity of entrepreneurs to reach for new technologies and innovation and attractive market offer from the national centers for research and development.
Development of services in selected countries in the world
Authors: Szczukocka Agata
Published: April 2021

Intensive development of the service sector (as evidenced by economic indicators, such as gross value added and employment levels) pointed out the similarities and differences existing in the world. The study used statistical data on gross value added, employed, exports and imports of services and spending on research and development. To conduct a comparative analysis Ward methods and multidimensional scaling were used. The application of these methods made it possible to isolate groups of countries are similar in terms of the development of the services sector and the countries in which this development is significantly different from the others.
Measuring the impact effects of various factors on socio-economic variables
Authors: Landmesser Joanna
Published: April 2021

The aim of this article is an overview of modern statistical methods used in estimating the treatment effects, showing their advantages and disadvantages, and to indicate the directions of development. Due to the rarely performed in economic sciences randomized experiments, attention has been focused on the analysis of non-experimental data. The problem related to this type of data is inadequate sampling. We have considered the selection on observable and unobservable factors. The special importance of proper sample selection for the estimation of the treatment effects has been documented with an empirical example for evaluating the effectiveness of vocational training for the unemployed.
Geostatistical Portal — a modern tool of the public statistics
Authors: Dygaszewicz Janusz , Nowakowska Agnieszka
Published: April 2021

The Geostatistical Portal allows quick and easy access to the statistical information obtained from censuses in 2010 and 2011 as well as data from Local Data Bank (BDL). It is used for spatial presentation of Poland’s largest information resource and allows to publish aggregated statistical data in the form of various spatial analysis. Based on the results of recent censuses, it is possible to generate more than 2,550 cartograms and carto-diagrams grouped in 18 main topics, while BDL contains data categorized into 28 main topics for annual data and 7 main topics for short-term data. The portal is helpful in making strategic decisions at every level of management. It is aimed at people who use statistical data, including those in public administration, businesses, individuals and research institutions.
Big data as a challenge for man and statistics
Authors: Szreder Mirosław
Published: April 2021

The phenomenon of ”big data”, understood as the collection and processing of large data sets, in order to extract from them new knowledge, develops independently of the will of individuals and societies. The driving force behind this development is, on the one hand, rapid technological progress in the field of IT, and on the other the desire of many organizations to gain access to the knowledge accumulated in more and more electronic databases of Internet users, facebook, or twitter.
The fact that the challenge is this phenomenon for man and for the statistics, the methodology can in these conditions prove less adequate, treats article. The author tries to argue that in case of protection of individuals and society, devoid of attribute privacy and anonymity, technological progress raises previously unknown threats. As statisticians analytical work hardly keep up with the possibilities offered by ”big data”, as well as the protection of human rights is merely a belated response to the dynamic world of electronic data.
Yoga-induced uveitis glaucoma hyphema syndrome
Authors: Mammo, MD Danny , Page, MD Michael A. , Olson, MD Joshua H.
Published: April 2021

A 74-year-old pseudophakic white woman with pseudoexfoliation syndrome presented with right eye pain and photophobia and was found to have pseudophacodenesis with recurrent episodes of anterior uveitis, microhyphema, and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). All episodes occurred after yoga sessions with intensive facedown postures. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) performed in supine and prone positions demonstrated significant change in the lens-bag complex position, with lens-iris touch. The patient underwent intraocular lens (IOL) explantation, anterior vitrectomy, and flanged intrascleral haptic-fixated IOL placement via double-needle technique, with resolution of all symptoms.
A 57-year-old man with leukocytosis and sphenoid sinus disease
Authors: Deosaran, MD Ansuya P. , Zeglam, MD Ahmaida , Wilson, BS Mary K. , Gonzalez, MD Andres , Gray, MD Matthew J.
Published: April 2021

A 57-year-old man with a past medical history of coronary artery disease, chronic sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, and history of sinus surgery on intranasal steroids presented to an outside emergency room with worsening sinusitis symptoms of 4-5 days’ duration. On arrival, labs revealed a leukocytosis, and computed tomography (CT) of the maxillofacial region revealed significant sphenoid sinus disease, with mild mucosal thickening in the right ethmoid and frontal sinuses. He was admitted for treatment with antibiotics. The following day, the patient felt his swelling and pain had improved but noted acutely decreased vision in his right eye. CT angiography of the head on this day revealed right periorbital edema and cellulitis, with occlusion versus thrombus of the right superior ophthalmic vein and engorgement of the medial and inferior rectus muscles. There was also opacification of the right sphenoid and maxillary sinus (Figure 1). He was started on heparin by Neurology. Two days after admission, he experienced increasing right periorbital swelling, redness, and ptosis. He was transferred to University of Florida, Gainesville, for ophthalmological examination.
Kontrolle durch Massenmedien, Kontrolle durch Gerichtsbarkeit
Authors: Weber Stefan
Published: April 2021

Die Studie untersucht aus Sicht der allgemeinen Staatslehre die Kontrollfunktion jeweils der Gerichtsbarkeit und der Massenmedien. Die Kontrolle durch Massenmedien und die Kontrolle durch Gerichte unterscheiden sich fundamental. Massenmedien sind Kommunikationsmittler, wirtschaftlich verankert und durch Vielfalt geprägt. Gerichte sind Streitentscheider, verfassungsrechtlich verankert und durch Einzelzuständigkeit geprägt. Beide Institutionen sind auf ihre eigene Art unabhängig. Diese strukturellen Unterschiede der Kontrollfunktionen führen zu grundlegend unterschiedlichen Merkmalen der Kontrolle der beiden „Gewalten“. Die herausgearbeiteten strukturellen Grundlagen und Kernmerkmale der beiden Kontrollen sind Annäherungen zum Thema, jedoch keine abschließende systematische Darstellung.
Das Innovationsprinzip – Ein neues europäisches Rechtsprinzip?
Authors: Calliess Christian
Published: April 2021

Gerade die enormen Herausforderungen der Gegenwart - Digitalisierung und Dekarbonisierung - verlangen nach mitunter tiefgreifenden Innovationen. In rechtlicher Perspektive ist in den europäischen Grundrechten der Forschungs- und Wirtschaftsfreiheit ein Innovationsprinzip enthalten, das freilich nicht als Gegenprinzip zum Vorsorgeprinzip verstanden werden kann, sondern vielmehr mit diesem im Rahmen der Verhältnismäßigkeit in Ausgleich gebracht werden muss. Auf dieser Basis ist es Aufgabe des EU-Gesetzgebers, seine Regulierung im Rahmen der europäischen Better-Regulation-Agenda innovationsoffen auszugestalten. Er hat im Lichte des Verhältnismäßigkeitsprinzips zu prüfen, welche Form der Regulierung eine innovationsoffene, aber zugleich vorsorgeorientierte Politik angemessenen verwirklicht. Durch Alternativenprüfungen und Mechanismen experimenteller Gesetzgebung können erwünschte Innovationen angereizt und gelenkt werden.
Wechselseitige Verantwortung der Mitgliedstaaten – Ein Rechtsprinzip der Europäischen Union?
Authors: Bieber Roland
Published: April 2021

Die Vereinbarung der EU-Staaten, durch gemeinsames Handeln konkrete Ziele zu verwirklichen, begründet ein gemeinsames Interesse an der Fähigkeit aller Beteiligten, an der Erreichung der gemeinsamen Ziele mitzuwirken. Dies fordert von den beteiligten Staaten die Übernahme präventiver Verantwortung für die Zustände im gesamten Gebiet der Union. Sie müssen also ihr Verhalten an den Zielen ausrichten und alles unterlassen, was andere Beteiligte an einem dem Ziel entsprechenden Verhalten hindern könnte. Diese Verantwortung ist nicht nur Ausdruck wechselseitiger Solidarität sondern bildet ein in Artikel 4 Abs. 3 EUV bekräftigtes umfassendes Rechtsprinzip. Es gebietet, unter anderem, dass die Staaten von den Zuständen in den anderen Staaten aktiv Kenntnis nehmen soweit diese eine Bedeutung für die gemeinsame Rechtsordnung haben - und ihr eigenes Verhalten danach ausrichten.
Das Recht der Auswanderung als vernachlässigte Begründungsaufgabe. Kantische Antworten auf ein gegenwärtiges Problem
Authors: Reinhardt Karoline
Published: April 2021

Interestingly, the right to leave, which is generally considered to be at the core of liberal states, has rarely been substantiated in the history of philosophy. This neglect is unfortunate, in particular since this right is currently contested both theoretically and practically. Against this background, the present text takes up Kant’s right to emigrate, formulated in § 50 of the Doctrine of Right, and examines it with respect to its content as well as its legal-philosophical implications. This paragraph has so far received little attention in Kant scholarship, but a closer look at it is worthwhile in several respects in particular with regard to current debates, as will be elaborated.
Humeral Artery Aneurysm Revealing a Rare Association between Tuberculosis and Behçet’s Disease
Authors: Ayari Rabie , Triki Ramy , Mallat Youssef , Abdennadher Achraf , Amri Khalil , Amri Raja , Ali Sbai Mohamed
Published: April 2021

The association of pulmonary tuberculosis and Behçet’s disease revealed by an aneurysm of the humeral artery is exceptional with a complicated management. We report a case in which the two conditions occurred concomitantly with the vascular complication, apart from any use of immunosuppressive therapy, something that has never been reported in the literature. We report an extremely rare case of a spontaneous rupture of an aneurysm of the humeral artery of a 29-year-old woman, with no history. The patient underwent axillo-humeral bypass. Investigations concluded the diagnosis of Behçet’s disease associated with pulmonary and lymph node tuberculosis. Anti-tuberculous chemotherapy followed by corticosteroids, immunosuppressants and colchicine have been administrated. Based on this observation, we insist on the necessity of searching the symptoms of Behçet’s disease in the presence of arterial involvement when having a young patient. Therapeutic management must include medical treatment to control inflammation and limit the risk of recurrence. Endovascular or surgical treatment is necessary if the arterial involvement is threatening. The association with tuberculosis complicates management and requires close monitoring.
Association of Anthropometric Parameters with Blood Pressure and Blood Glucose among Ellisras Children
Authors: Matshipi Moloko , James Siweya Hlengani , Joanna Makgae Phuti
Published: April 2021

Obesity as directly measured by anthropometric parameters has been demonstrated to be associated with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, which are common risk factors for CVD. The study aimed at assessing the relationship between blood pressure, blood glucose and anthropometric parameters in Ellisras children. A total of 492 children aged 6 to 11 years, participated in the study. Neck circumference, waist circumference, body mass index, waist-to-height ratio, fasting blood glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured using standard procedures. Linear regression showed significant association (P < 0.05) of anthropometric parameters (except waist-to-height ratio) with blood pressure. Fasting blood glucose was significantly associated with neck circumference when adjusted for age and gender. Positive correlation was found for systolic blood pressure with neck and waist circumference and body mass index in both genders and for diastolic blood pressure, the correlation was only found in boys. Fasting blood glucose was negatively correlated with neck circumference. Waist circumference (P = 0.025, β = 1.208, 95% CI = 1.017–1.285) was better than BMI (P = 0.046, β = 1.340, 95% CI = 1.005–1.788) in predicting elevated systolic blood pressure. These findings suggest that it is crucial to manage anthropometric parameters in the Ellisras community in order to decelerate the increase of hypertension and diabetes mellitus.
Analysis of Liquid Cooling in Microchannels Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
Authors: Boobalan Chitra , Ganesh Sudha , Rangaswamy Parthiban
Published: April 2021

Liquid cooling is an extremely successful process to remove excess heat generated, with the usual procedure of heat transfer using coolant in desktop PCs. In this regard, heat transfer with minimal size equipment can be achieved by the addition of nanosized solid particles to the base fluid. The hybrid nanofluid is synthesized by dispersing the synthesized mono nanofluid in a volume fraction of 0.2 iron oxide with 0.8 fractions of graphene nanofluid to form a graphene/iron oxide combination. These nanoparticles increase the heat transfer coefficient as they have high thermal conductivity when compared to conventional heat transfer fluids like water or ethylene glycol. Stability is increased and sedimentation is reduced because of the large surface area of a nanoparticle. FLUENT, the most widely used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software package, based on the finite volume method, and is used to run the thermal simulations for estimating the base temperature of the heat sink. The scope of this chapter is to find the base temperature of the heat sink using simulations. The experimentally measured base temperature is 310.01 K and in the simulation, it is 310.81 K for the flow rate of 0.75LPM. All the simulated surface temperatures are compared with experimentally determined temperatures for simulation validation.
Genealogy of Resistant Tuberculosis in Latin America and the Caribbean until 2020
Authors: J. Cantres-Fonseca Onix , Del Olmo-Arroyo Francisco
Published: April 2021

History hallmarks different out brakes events during the last century. Being caught in the in the middle of the catastrophic COVID-19 pandemic, that initiated in 2019 makes possible to forget other causalities. Tuberculosis makes the case. The pathogen has been present more than hundredth years. Relevance rest in worldwide prevalence, pathogen spread, treatment resistance and the need for eradication. Drug treatment resistance is considered as one of the criteria to prioritize a country in the World Health Organization’s intention to eradicate tuberculosis infection in the world. For decades in Latin America, including the Caribbean, there have been a persistent high rate of drug resistance with an overall prevalence to one or more drug rounds 13.0%. Approximately 30% of previously treated cases have a multidrug resistance. In this chapter, we intend to review the epidemiology of resistant tuberculosis, and the causes of resistance associated to the community of people in the Latin American and the Caribbean. We intend to describe the genetic response of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from its migratory journey throughout decades from areas of Europa and Asia to Latin America, its genetic transformation secondary to inadequate drug exposure and the characteristics of the infected host, and how a change in the healthcare system and tuberculosis control strategies access are needed to change the surge of multidrug resistance tuberculosis.
IL-17 Biological Effects and Signaling Mechanisms in Human Leukemia U937 Cells
Authors: Evans Adunyah Samuel , Akomeah Richard , K.N. Arthur Fareed , S. Cooper Roland , C.M. Williams Joshua
Published: April 2021

Human Interlekin-17 is produced by memory activated CD4+ T cells and other cells. It was initially considered unique in that its specific receptor is distinct from other cytokine receptors. IL-17 receptor is ubiquitously expressed by different cells including T cells. IL-17 plays a role in regulating growth, immune response and pro-inflammatory responses. It regulates differentiation of a subset of Th0 cells into Th-17 cells, which produce IL-17-induced cytokines. The IL-17R belongs to type 1 cytokine receptors. IL-17 belongs to a superfamily of its own, which includes IL-17A, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17E and IL-17F. These members of IL-17 superfamily have some sequence homology but bind to different receptors. Prior to this investigation, limited information existed on the effects of IL-17A in human leukemia cell lines. Our results show that IL-17A promotes growth, anti-apoptotic effects, chemotaxis, cytokine expression and transcriptional factor activation in leukemia cells. IL-17A activates multiple signaling pathways including PI-3 K, Jak–STAT, Raf-ERK1/2 and SRC kinase pathways, which mediate different biological effects of IL-17A in leukemia cells. Our findings implicate IL-17A in leukemia cell growth and survival, supporting potential leukemia therapy via development of anti-IL-17A drugs. This chapter focuses on IL-17A, herein referred to as IL-17.
Endogenous Endophthalmitis: Etiology and Treatment
Authors: Kabbara Sami , Kelkar Neil , D. Conway Mandi , A. Peyman Gholam
Published: April 2021

This chapter comprehensively covers all aspects of endogenous endophthalmitis from systemic infectious agents, with an emphasis on reported and newer etiologies to broaden the diagnostic and investigative acumen of treating ophthalmic providers. The discussion includes the etiology of metastatic endophthalmitis and diagnostic investigations, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), for identification of bacterial and viral infections involving the eye in both immunosuppressed in non-immunosuppressed patients. Additionally, we present clinical and diagnostic findings of fungal infections, protozoal infections, and helminthic infections. Pediatric cases are also reported and etiologies described. We discuss both etiology and diagnostic challenges. Current therapeutic modalities and outcomes are reviewed. While no two cases of metastatic endophthalmitis are the same, some similarities may exist that allow us to generalize how to approach and treat this potentially sight- and life-threatening spectrum of diseases and find the underlying systemic cause.
Airway Management in COVID-19 as Aerosol Generating Procedure
Authors: A. Shallik Nabil , Firas Khader Alhammad Muhammad , Mahmoud Hammad Ali Hammad Yasser , Amr Elfert , Moideen Shakeel , Abdulrahman M.S. Al Khelaifi Mashael
Published: April 2021

2020 has seen the whole world battling a pandemic. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets when in close contact with an infected person, by direct contact, or by contact with contaminated objects and surfaces. Aerosol generating procedures (AGPs) like intubation have a high chance of generating large concentrations of infectious aerosols. AGPs potentially put healthcare workers at an increased risk of contracting the infection, and therefore special precautions are necessary during intubation. The procedure has to be performed by an expert operator who uses appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). Modifications of known techniques have helped to reduce the chances of contracting the infection from patients. The use of checklists has become standard safe practice. This chapter looks at the current knowledge we have regarding this illness and how we should modify our practice to make managing the airway both safer for the patient and the healthcare workers involved. It addresses the preparation, staff protection, technical aspects and aftercare of patients who need airway intervention. It recommends simulation training to familiarize staff with modifications to routine airway management.
Application of PCR Technique to Detect Polymorphism of the KRTAP1.1 Gene in Three Sheep Breeds - A Review
Authors: Omagano Itenge Theopoline
Published: April 2021

The quality of wool and pelt products depends on the quality of the wool and pelt grown on farm. Genes coding for the proteins involved in the structural components of wool fibre; keratin intermediate filaments (KRTs) and keratin keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) have been extensively researched. The KAPs form a matrix in which the KRTs are embedded. In sheep, KRTAP1.1 (previously B2A) is one of the four genes encoding proteins that make up the KAP1.n family. The ovine KRTAP1.1 gene is clustered with the KRTAP1.3 and KRTAP1.4 genes on chromosome 11. In this chapter, the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) – Applied Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) typing method used to detect polymorphism in the KRTAP1.1 gene is reviewed. Three length variation KRTAP1.1 alleles; named A, B and C, of the lengths 341 base pair, 311 base pair and 281 base pair, respectively have been reported in three sheep breeds; Romney sheep of New Zealand, Merino sheep of New Zealand and Swakara sheep of Namibia. Genetic variation within the KRTs and KAPs can be further exploited to determine as to whether such variation impacts on wool quality. The presence of genetic variation within KRTs and KAPs offers opportunities for the development of gene markers affecting wool and pelt quality traits.
Mechanobiological Behavior of a Pathological Bone
Authors: Ait Oumghar Imane , Barkaoui Abdelwahed , Chabrand Patrick
Published: April 2021

Bone density and bone microarchitecture are two principle parameters needed for the evaluation of mechanical bone performance and consequently the detection of bone diseases. The mechanobiological behavior of the skeletal tissue has been described through several mathematical models. Generally, these models fingerboard different length scale processes, such as the mechanical, the biological, and the chemical ones. By means of the mechanical stimulus and the biological factors involved in tissue regeneration, bone cells’ behavior and bone volume changes are determined. The emergence of bone diseases leads to disrupt the bone remodeling process and thus, induces bone mechanical properties’ alteration. In the present chapter, an overview of bone diseases and their relationship with bone density alteration will be presented. Besides, several studies treating bone diseases’ effect on bone remodeling will be discussed. Finally, the mechanobiological models proposed to treat bone healing and drugs’ effect on bone, are going to be reviewed. For this sake, the chapter is subdivided into three main sequences: (i) Bone remodeling, (ii) Bone deterioration causes, (iii) Mathematical models of a pathological bone, and (iv) Mechanobiological models treating bone healing and drugs effect.
Male Educator Recruitment in Early Childhood Centres: Implications for Teacher Education
Authors: Mathwasa Joyce , Sibanda Lwazi
Published: April 2021

The absent male educators in the Early Childhood Development (ECD) programmes have created a gap in the momentum of success gained through fathers’ involvement in the early life of children. Worldwide, the gender imbalance trends in early childhood education and lower primary classes have been immemorial female skewed with men becoming extinct in the arena. Hitherto, copious studies testify of men’s involvement as fathers in young children’s early life as crucial for their social, emotional, and cognitive development. This chapter focuses on the importance of having male educators in the foundation phase of children’s care and learning, barriers to male involvement as educators in early care and learning centres, and how learning institutions can recruit and train male educators specific for the ECD. Male educators in the ECD have been confronted by stigmatisation, ridiculed, hit glass ceilings, and are viewed with hostility and suspicion. A preliminary exploration of literature from renowned published work that focuses extensively on various countries across continents will be covered in this review. This chapter envisaged strategies that could be employed in the recruitment, retention, and active participation of male educators in the ECD settings that will inform policy and teacher education.
Integrating Ecological Site Descriptions with Soil Morphology to Optimize Forest Management: Three Missouri Case Studies
Authors: Aide Michael , Braden Indi , Aide Christine
Published: April 2021

Academics and University Extension personnel have experience with soil mapping and providing soil suitability interpretations; however, a more efficient information conveyance to land custodians is desired to support informative land management applications. In the USA each state, in concert with the United States Department of Agriculture, has embarked on developing an online format linking soil survey with ecological site descriptions to provide information for forest and rangeland management to encourage soil protection - health and optimizing ecological services on individual land parcels. In this Missouri-based manuscript, we discuss three cases where soils and their associated ecological site descriptions provide land custodians information concerning their logical reference state vegetation community and detail land management decisions that transform the reference vegetation community to a different vegetation community. With each case, landscapes and their associated vegetations communities are potentially partitioned by soil, physiography, hydrology, and other attributes.
On Philosophizing as Education
Authors: Cammarano Cristina ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

In my article I offer an argument in favor of philosophy as a practical activity that is intrinsically educative. In responding to the crisis of our discipline, I make a case for a beneficial relationship between philosophy and the community, especially from the point of view of the discipline itself. I propose that the practicality of philosophy needs to be experienced in concrete activities involving others, therefore recasting the relation of theory to practice in the modality of translation as a never-completed task to take on. I suggest that philosophizing could be characterized by a position of vulnerability, which complicates notions of inside/outside, belonging, home, and dialogue. I offer examples drawn from my experience of integrating philosophical discussion with children (inspired by P4C pedagogy) in my college courses to suggest that philosophizing with others in varied contexts should be an integral part of education. By emphasizing the benefits accruing to undergraduate students and to the discipline itself from the practice, I do not intend to downplay or marginalize the voices and experiences of the children and teachers who are such an essential part of the practice. Rather than being a zero-sum game, the engagement of philosophy with the world expands and lifts the experience of everybody involved.
Exaggerating Emile (and Skipping Sophie) while sliding past The Social Contract
Authors: McDonough Graham P. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

This paper examines how philosophy of education textbooks present Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s views on women and socialization. It reviews ten texts, involving nine authors, and finds that they generally focus on the concepts of Nature, Negative Education, and Child Development from Books I-III of Emile, but severely restrict mentioning its Book V and The Social Contract. While these results implicitly reflect Rousseau’s historical influence on “progressive” educators, they do not seriously attend to well-established critiques of Rousseau’s sexism and omit acknowledging his intent that Emile’s Negative Education in Nature leads toward his socialization in the General Will.
A [Graphic] Novel Way of Teaching: How to Teach Children How to Write and Draw a Graphic Novel through Zoom
Authors: Todd Jonathan
Published: April 2021

During the early months of the pandemic, libraries in Massachusetts canceled in-person events, including workshops I had scheduled at their children’s departments. Some of the librarians asked if I could teach my course on how to create a graphic novel page virtually, so here is what we did.
When Times Are Worse, Turn to Verse! Poetry during a Pandemic
Authors: Vardell Sylvia , Wong Janet
Published: April 2021

The lockdown last spring shut down everything—our daily routines, our travel plans, in-person conferences, and—for many people—even our usual reading habits. It was difficult to concentrate. We were all hungry for news and guidance, yet we could hardly grasp it. Authors and illustrators began reading their books out loud and sharing those recordings online; publishers widened their permission rules to allow this sharing of content and images.
Membership Committee: ALSC Member Profiles
Authors: Knight Allison , Leung Melody
Published: April 2021

Alia Jones, formerly Sr. Library Services Assistant at Cincinnati and Hamilton County (OH) Public Library, 2020 Caldecott CommitteeDenise Dávila, PhD, Assistant Professor of Children’s Literature and Literacy Education, Language and Literacy Studies, University of TexasAnn Crewdson, Children’s Specialist, King County (WA) Library System
Influência da estrutura de capital no desempenho econômico de empresas familiares e não familiares brasileiras
Authors: Pamplona Edgar , Silva Tarcísio Pedro da , Nakamura Wilson Toshiro
Published: April 2021

Objetivo – Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo verificar a influência da estrutura de capital no desempenho econômico de empresas familiares e não familiares brasileiras.Design/metodologia/abordagem – A pesquisa é caracterizada como descritiva, documental e quantitativa, sendo os dados contábeis em análise extraídos da base de dados Economática®. A amostra é composta por 117 empresas de capital aberto listadas na B3, sendo 68 familiares e 49 não familiares com período de análise de 2011 a 2015. Para consecução do objetivo, foram utilizadas técnicas estatísticas, tendo-se ênfase aos modelos de regressão linear múltipla.Resultados – Os resultados apontam que o Endividamento de Curto Prazo (ECP) e o Endividamento de Longo Prazo (ELP) influenciam negativamente o desempenho de empresas familiares, enquanto o ECP e o ELP possuem relação negativa e positiva, respectivamente, com o desempenho de empresas não familiares.Originalidade/valor – Em suma, tais resultados demonstram que empresas familiares devem seguir as prerrogativas da teoria de pecking-order a fim de maximizar seu desempenho, enquanto gestores de organizações não familiares necessitam observar os pressupostos de ambas as teorias – trade-off e pecking-order – de acordo com o tipo de endividamento (curto ou longo prazo).
Corporate governance, dynamic capabilities and business performance in companies listed in Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão S/A (B3 S/A)
Authors: Barbosa Flávia Lorenne Sampaio , Cabral Jose Ednilson de Oliveira , Nascimento João Carlos Hipólito Bernardes do , Bizzaria Fabiana Pinto de Almeida
Published: April 2021

Purpose- The main objective is to analyze the direct effect of Corporate Governance (CG) on Dynamic Capabilities (DCs) and on Business Performance (BP), and the moderating and/or mediating impact of DCs on the CG-BP relationship.Methodology- The quantitative analysis was performed through PLS-SEM. Data were collected through a survey involving companies listed in B3 S/A from 2014 to 2016, except for companies from the financial sector. The final sample encompassed 195 companies per assessed year, thus totaling 585 observations concerning 2014, 2015 and 2016.Findings- Confirmed the direct and positive effect of CG on DC development, as well as DC’s influence on BP and the mediating effect of DC on the CG - BP relationship. The main conclusion was that DCs are a powerful mediating influence on the CG-BP relationship. Hence, even with efficient corporate governance mechanisms, the companies must make decisions in line with their dynamic capabilities as a way to reach better business performance.Limitations- Research cross-section method of data collection; and universe of companies listed in the Brazilian stock market.Practical implications- For example, the rejected hypothesis about the direct effect of CG on BP and the confirmation of the indirect effect via DCs suggests the analysis of aspects related to costs with monitoring procedures applied to agency conflicts and to complementary factors that must be achieved in order to boost performance. On practical terms, the results contribute to companies that look for the best and most satisfactory performance in the markets they work in.
Career transition of middle-aged professionals
Authors: Anderson Mafalda Maria de Medeiros , Veloso Elza Fátima Rosa , Trevisan Leonardo Nelmi , Stefani Silvio Roberto
Published: April 2021

Purpose – This article analyzes the career transition of middle-aged professionals, according to three factors: identity transition, transition drivers and resources triggered in transition.Design/methodology/approach – Qualitative research, developed from semi-structured interviews with professionals between 35 and 54 years old. Content analysis was used in the evaluation categories and in the definition of the interview categories.Findings – It was demonstrated, in part by the interviewees, the construction of expectations that alternated the accomplishment of a dream, with cycles of anguish, especially for the financial aspects involved. The subjective factors of the transition process appeared in the interviews, both due to the conflict between the search for personal satisfaction in the new career and the safety flow of the previous one, as well as the complex balance between personal and professional life during the transition.Research limitations/implications – The sampling has no mathematical or statistical basis, preventing the generalization of its results. A quantitative study is recommended to understand how the transition occurs in middle-aged professionals, analyzing a large number of respondents.Practical implications – For middle-aged professionals, this study suggests the need for planning in the career transition phase and the assimilation of the self-management logic as a definitive career dynamic.Social implications - Companies must recognize the impact of career transitions on retaining professionals.Originality/value - This article contributes on the elucidation of the main drivers and resources available for the career transition of middle-aged professionals.
L’intelligence artificielle ou le bouleversement de la représentation
Authors: Maffei Maud
Published: April 2021

Aujourd’hui, les artistes interrogent à différents niveaux les enjeux de l’intelligence artificielle sur nos vies, poursuivant un thème en fait millénaire : l’effroi et la fascination face aux capacités des machines que produit l’humain.

Dans la continuation de l’art génératif des années 1960, les oeuvres utilisant l’intelligence artificielle aujourd’hui s’interrogent sur les enjeux actuels de ses sophistications algorithmiques : notamment la place du hasard que cette technologie implique et les espaces-temps infinis qu’elle produit, nous donnant à voir une multiplicité de mondes possibles. À travers l’analyse des oeuvres des artistes Hito Steyerl, Gregory Chatonsky et Trevor Paglen, Maud Maffei voit l’intelligence artificielle comme une sorte de cristal où les réels se démultiplient, s’imbriquent, se réverbèrent les uns sur les autres. Les réalités alternatives que ces artistes nous dévoilent dans notre présent peuvent nous aider à le comprendre, le penser, l’anticiper. Elles nous ramènent aussi aux forces les plus essentielles de l’intelligence humaine face à la machine : l’esprit critique et la capacité à changer les règles de tout système.
Intersection Redesign for Network Resilience and Safety
Authors: Pratelli Antonio , Leandri Pietro , Aiello Rosaria , Souleyrette Reginald Roy
Published: April 2021

This paper describes a procedure for improving the resilience of roadway networks. A methodology is outlined that develops a time-dependent and performance-based resilience index. This methodology was applied to an Italian road, with the aim of optimizing intersections that are critical due to inadequate baseline capacity. The methodology uses a calibrated microscopic traffic model (using Aimsun™) whereby average delay at intersection approaches are estimated by an analytical model. From the simulation, average speed over time is obtained for each approach. These values in turn are used as inputs for calculating each intersection’s resilience index. The procedure allows the identification of less resilient intersections, and provides design solutions for each of them. Lastly, a safety assessment is tested for one of the intersections.
Container Terminal Berth-Quay Crane Capacity Planning Based on Markov Chain
Authors: Jiang Meixian , Wu Guoxing , Zheng Jianpeng , Wu Guanghua
Published: April 2021

This paper constructs a berth-quay crane capacity planning model with the lowest average daily cost in the container terminal, and analyzes the influence of the number of berths and quay cranes on the terminal operation. The object of berth-quay crane capacity planning is to optimize the number of berths and quay cranes to maximize the benefits of the container terminal. A steady state probability transfer model based on Markov chain for container terminal is constructed by the historical time series of the queuing process. The current minimum time operation principle (MTOP) strategy is proposed to correct the state transition probability of the Markov chain due to the characteristics of the quay crane movement to change the service capacity of a single berth. The solution error is reduced from 7.03% to 0.65% compared to the queuing theory without considering the quay crane movement, which provides a basis for the accurate solution of the berth-quay crane capacity planning model. The proposed berth-quay crane capacity planning model is validated by two container terminal examples, and the results show that the model can greatly guide the container terminal berth-quay crane planning.
Route Selection and Distribution Cost of Express Delivery: An Urban Metro Network Based Study
Authors: Guo Junhua , Ye Yutao , Ma Yafeng
Published: April 2021

Route selection and distribution costs of express delivery based on the urban metro network, referred to as metro express delivery (MeD), is addressed in this study. Considering the characteristics of express delivery transportation and the complexity of the urban metro network, three distribution modes of different time periods are proposed and a strict integrated integer linear programming model is developed to minimize total distribution costs. To effectively solve the optimal problem, a standard genetic algorithm was improved and designed. Finally, the Ningbo subway network is used as an example to confirm the practicability and effectiveness of the model and algorithm. The results show that when the distribution number of express delivery packages is 1980, the three different MeD modes can reduce transportation costs by 40.5%, 62.0%, and 59.0%, respectively. The results of the case analysis will help guide express companies to collaborate with the urban metro network and choose the corresponding delivery mode according to the number of express deliveries required.