bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ionic-compound based high performance perovskite light emitting diodes
Authors: Huang Xin-Mei , He Xiao-Li , Xu Qiang , Chen Ping , Zhang Yong , Gao Chun-Hong ,   School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Published: June 2022

Metal halide perovskite has attracted much attention due to its adjustable color, high color purity, and excellent photoelectric properties. The quality of the perovskite film is one of the key factors that affect the performance of device. Here, PEA2Csn–1PbnBr3n+1 thin films are prepared by directly doping the ionic compound additive tetraphenylphosphine chloride (TPPCl) into the perovskite precursor of the light-emitting layer based on additive assisted technology. High-quality perovskite films with uniform, less pinholes and smaller grains are obtained. Not only is the photoluminescence (PL) performance of PeLEDs improved but the electroluminescence (EL) performance of PeLEDs with a double electron transport layer also turns better. The maximum brightness is 25285 cd/m2. The maximum current efficiency is 65.9 cd/A. And the maximum EQE is 17.3%. The method of adding ionic compounds to the perovskite precursor can not only improve the carrier transport behavior, but also make the formed small n crystal phases and large n crystal phase more balance, leading to the energy funnel effect to be enhanced. Further investigation by FTIR proves that the TPPCl can passivate the perovskite film, and thus greatly improving the EQE value of the PeLED. This researchpresents a simple and efficient method of developing high-performance quasi-two-dimensional green PeLEDs.
Gallium oxide thin film-based deep ultraviolet photodetector array with large photoconductive gain
Authors: Liu Zeng , Li Lei , Zhi Yu-Song , Du Ling , Fang Jun-Peng , Li Shan , Yu Jian-Gang , Zhang Mao-Lin , Yang Li-Li , Zhang Shao-Hui , Guo Yu-Feng , Tang Wei-Hua ,   College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China,   National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for RF Integration and Micro-Packing Technologies, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China,   China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, Beijing 100076, China,   School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211169, China,   School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China,   State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China,   Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
Published: June 2022

Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) has the natural advantages in deep ultraviolet absorbance for performing deep ultraviolet photodetection. Owing to the vital application of photodetector array in optical imaging, in this work, we introduce a 4×4 Ga2O3-based photodetector array with five-finger interdigital electrodes, in which the high-quality and uniform Ga2O3 thin film is grown by using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition technique, and the device is fabricated by using the following methods: ultraviolet photolithography, lift-off, and ion beam sputtering . The photodetector cell possesses a responsivity of 2.65×103 A/W, a detectivity of 2.76×1016 Jones, an external quantum efficiency of (1.29×106)%, and a photoconductive gain as high as 12900. The 16-cells in this array show good uniformity. In this work the great application potential of gallium oxide deep ultraviolet detector array is illustrated from the perspective of optoelectronic performance and application prospect.
Amoxicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae can be resensitized by targeting the mevalonate pathway as indicated by sCRilecs-seq
Authors: Dewachter Liselot , Dénéréaz Julien , Liu Xue , de Bakker Vincent , Costa Charlotte , Baldry Mara , Sirard Jean-Claude , Veening Jan-Willem
Published: June 2022

Antibiotic resistance in the important opportunistic human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae is on the rise. This is particularly problematic in the case of the β-lactam antibiotic amoxicillin, which is the first-line therapy. It is therefore crucial to uncover targets that would kill or resensitize amoxicillin-resistant pneumococci. To do so, we developed a genome-wide, single-cell based, gene silencing screen using CRISPR interference called sCRilecs-seq (subsets of CRISPR interference libraries extracted by fluorescence activated cell sorting coupled to next generation sequencing). Since amoxicillin affects growth and division, sCRilecs-seq was used to identify targets that are responsible for maintaining proper cell size. Our screen revealed that downregulation of the mevalonate pathway leads to extensive cell elongation. Further investigation into this phenotype indicates that it is caused by a reduced availability of cell wall precursors at the site of cell wall synthesis due to a limitation in the production of undecaprenyl phosphate (Und-P), the lipid carrier that is responsible for transporting these precursors across the cell membrane. The data suggest that, whereas peptidoglycan synthesis continues even with reduced Und-P levels, cell constriction is specifically halted. We successfully exploited this knowledge to create a combination treatment strategy where the FDA-approved drug clomiphene, an inhibitor of Und-P synthesis, is paired up with amoxicillin. Our results show that clomiphene potentiates the antimicrobial activity of amoxicillin and that combination therapy resensitizes amoxicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae. These findings could provide a starting point to develop a solution for the increasing amount of hard-to-treat amoxicillin-resistant pneumococcal infections.
A combined test for feature selection on sparse metaproteomics data—an alternative to missing value imputation
Authors: Plancade Sandra , Berland Magali , Blein-Nicolas Mélisande , Langella Olivier , Bassignani Ariane , Juste Catherine
Published: June 2022

One of the difficulties encountered in the statistical analysis of metaproteomics data is the high proportion of missing values, which are usually treated by imputation. Nevertheless, imputation methods are based on restrictive assumptions regarding missingness mechanisms, namely “at random” or “not at random”. To circumvent these limitations in the context of feature selection in a multi-class comparison, we propose a univariate selection method that combines a test of association between missingness and classes, and a test for difference of observed intensities between classes. This approach implicitly handles both missingness mechanisms. We performed a quantitative and qualitative comparison of our procedure with imputation-based feature selection methods on two experimental data sets, as well as simulated data with various scenarios regarding the missingness mechanisms and the nature of the difference of expression (differential intensity or differential presence). Whereas we observed similar performances in terms of prediction on the experimental data set, the feature ranking and selection from various imputation-based methods were strongly divergent. We showed that the combined test reaches a compromise by correlating reasonably with other methods, and remains efficient in all simulated scenarios unlike imputation-based feature selection methods.
Genomics enters the deep learning era
Authors: Routhier Etienne , Mozziconacci Julien
Published: June 2022

The tremendous amount of biological sequence data available, combined with the recent methodological breakthrough in deep learning in domains such as computer vision or natural language processing, is leading today to the transformation of bioinformatics through the emergence of deep genomics, the application of deep learning to genomic sequences. We review here the new applications that the use of deep learning enables in the field, focusing on three aspects: the functional annotation of genomes, the sequence determinants of the genome functions and the possibility to write synthetic genomic sequences.
Specimen alignment with limited point-based homology: 3D morphometrics of disparate bivalve shells (Mollusca: Bivalvia)
Authors: Edie Stewart M. , Collins Katie S. , Jablonski David
Published: June 2022

Background

Comparative morphology fundamentally relies on the orientation and alignment of specimens. In the era of geometric morphometrics, point-based homologies are commonly deployed to register specimens and their landmarks in a shared coordinate system. However, the number of point-based homologies commonly diminishes with increasing phylogenetic breadth. These situations invite alternative, often conflicting, approaches to alignment. The bivalve shell (Mollusca: Bivalvia) exemplifies a homologous structure with few universally homologous points—only one can be identified across the Class, the shell ‘beak’. Here, we develop an axis-based framework, grounded in the homology of shell features, to orient shells for landmark-based, comparative morphology.

Methods

Using 3D scans of species that span the disparity of shell morphology across the Class, multiple modes of scaling, translation, and rotation were applied to test for differences in shell shape. Point-based homologies were used to define body axes, which were then standardized to facilitate specimen alignment via rotation. Resulting alignments were compared using pairwise distances between specimen shapes as defined by surface semilandmarks.

Results

Analysis of 45 possible alignment schemes finds general conformity among the shape differences of ‘typical’ equilateral shells, but the shape differences among atypical shells can change considerably, particularly those with distinctive modes of growth. Each alignment corresponds to a hypothesis about the ecological, developmental, or evolutionary basis of morphological differences, but we suggest orientation via the hinge line for many analyses of shell shape across the Class, a formalization of the most common approach to morphometrics of shell form. This axis-based approach to aligning specimens facilitates the comparison of approximately continuous differences in shape among phylogenetically broad and morphologically disparate samples, not only within bivalves but across many other clades.
Persistent Microbial Contaminants in Hawked ‘OGI’ and Public Health Concerns in COVID-19 Era
Authors: Ajayi O. A. , Ogunleye O. M.
Published: June 2022

Aim: The guarantee of quality and safety of foods and all the agents involved in the processes of the food chain in the covid times is of public health concern. This study aimed to evaluate the safety quality of street vended ‘Ogi’ from selected Street hawkers in Iwo, Nigeria in light of the present COVID-19 pandemic.

Study Design: The experimental design used is completely randomized.

Methodology: Vendors from five locations were randomly selected to procure samples. pH, total titratable acidity (TTA), microbial loads, identification of isolates, and storability studies were carried out using standard methods.

Results: pH ranged from (4.1 to 6.3); TTA (0.6 to 0.75 %) for raw ‘Ogi’ slurry. All the ‘Ogi’ samples were contaminated. Counts ranged from (2.6x107 to 1.3x108 CFU/g); (5.6x106 to 2.0x107 CFU/g); (5.2 to 7.2x107 CFU/g); (6.2x106 to 6.1x107 CFU/g); and (1.2x105 to 4.4x106 CFU/g) for total viable (TVC); Staphylococcal; Salmonella-Shigella; Lactobacillus and fungal respectively. pH of cooked ‘Ogi’ ranged from (4.2 to 6.1); TVC and Salmonella-Shigella count ranged from (2.3to 8.5x 106 CFU/g), (1.7 to 3.3x 106 CFU/g); (5.8x106 to 1.5x107 CFU/g), (3.1 to 7.9x106 CFU/g); and (6.6x106 to 1.6x107 CFU/g), (4.0x106 to 1.0x107 CFU/g) for days 1, 2 and 3 respectively.

Conclusion: Even after ‘Ogi’ is cooked, there is still a high probability of survival of some pathogens in this functional food, and consumption could result in gastro-intestinal disorder, thereby creating a food safety concern for consumers who may have other health challenges.
Textbook Evaluation and Quality of Business Studies Textbook in Secondary Schools in Kenya
Authors: Bekele Sarah Getahun , Amollo Paul Odundo , Mwangi John Kamau , Lilian Ganira Khavugwi
Published: June 2022

Business studies textbook when appropriately revised encourages understanding of facts as required by the curriculum upholding independent learning among learners leading to increased academic achievement. Business studies textbook provides ways through which curriculum instruction can be realized fast-tracking actualization of learning objectives among learners across school system in Kenya. However, textbooks that are rarely reviewed may interrupt realization of specific objectives limiting acquisition of requisite skills degrading learner’s mean score in business studies. The study adopted exploratory research design through qualitative approach to data collection and analysis. Content analysis was used for data analysis. Summary of content analysis showed that textbook revision was necessary in ensuring quality textbook. Further analysis showed that Process of appraisal, Scope of curriculum, Complexity of syllabus influence quality of instruction content in textbook encouraging learning and acquisition of skills. Therefore, it was recommended that content of business studies textbook to be relevant to learner’s cognition to accelerate learning.
Effects of Irvingia grandifolia on the Plasma Concentration of Urea, Creatinine and White Blood Cells Count (Total & Differential) in Normal Rabbits
Authors: Ejike Ozor Josephat , Ikechukwu Izekwe Kingsley , Chijoke Ozioko Paul , Stellajulie D. C. Obi
Published: June 2022

The hypoglycemic effects of Irvingia grandifolia is documented. While medicinal plant may have recognizable therapeutic effect, it may also have few toxic side-effects. The use of Irvingia grandifolia has been found to be effective in the management of diabetes mellitus but the effect of this herb on plasma urea, creatinine concentrations and white blood cell count has not been studied so far. The effect was investigated and found out that there is no damaging effect of the herb on plasma creatinine concentration based on student distribution (t-test) on the treated animals. Also, there is no significant effect of the herb extract on plasma urea concentration, white blood cell count (total and differential) also found from student distribution (t-test) after comparing treated animals with control animals.
Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management Practices on Soil Health Parameters and Yield Attributes of Soybean (Glycine max L.) var. JS-9560 in Inceptisol of Alluvial Soil, District Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Balram . , David Arun Alfred , Thomas Tarence , Reddy Iska Srinath
Published: June 2022

A field trial was carried out during the Kharif season 2021-22 at the Research farm, of Naini Agriculture Institute Prayagraj India. The experiment was laid down in randomized block design comprised three fertility levels control NPK @ 100%, Rhizobium + PSB @ 100%, Vermicompost and Sulphur @ 100%, 75% and @ 50% respectively replicating thrice and rhizobium phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) inoculation. Among the fertility levels, the application of 100% N, P, K, 40 kg N ha-1, 60 kg P2O5 ha-1, 40 kg K2O ha-1 and 100% Vermicompost 5 t ha-1, Sulphur 20 kg ha-1 in the experiment. It was concluded that the texture of soil sandy loam, the soil health parameters respectively Bulk density ranged between 1.21 to 1.31 Mg m-3, Particle density 2.08 to 2.50 Mg m-3 Pore space 45.12% to 51.23% water holding capacity 36.14% to 62.06% Organic carbon 0.319% to 0.613%, soil pH ranged between 7.34 to 7.78, EC ranged between 0.157 to 0.265 dsm-1, Nitrogen 182.56 to 320.75 kg ha-1, Phosphorus 16.12 to 33.67 kg ha-1, Potassium 182.24 to 238.76 kg ha-1, Sulphur 16.03 to 29.58 mg kg-1, It was observed that for post-harvest, treatment T9 was best in yield attributes plant height 97.18 cm, number of branches plant-1 7.1, 5, pods plant-1 74.83, seed pod-14.44 and seed yield (2337.25 kg ha-1) T9 were to be found best treatment combination.
Characterization of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity among Genetically Different Genotypes of Chilli (Capsicum annum L.)
Authors: Malik Ajaz Ah. , Malik Geetika , Hussain K. , Narayan S. , Mufti Shahnaz , Kumar Anil , Nazir Gazala , Masoodi Umiyiam , Magray Mudasir
Published: June 2022

This study evaluated the antioxidant power, flavonoids and the total phenolic contents of forty-five genotypes of chilli. The antioxidant activities were tested forextraction scavenging using diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), azinobisethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), assay of ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and determining total phenolics (TP) and total flavonoids (TF) contents. There were a significant difference in the total phenolic content (17.38–131.5mg GAE/g dry weight), total flavonoid (14.07–56.15 mg quercetin/g dry weight), DPPH (0.55–5.60 mM AAE/g dry weight), ABTS (16.03– 38.12 mM AAE/g dry weight) and FRAP (0.80– 6.40 mM GAE/dry weight). Three genotypes viz. IC-561635, CITH-HP-22 and IC-561731 exhibited highest values for all the assays. Significant correlation coefficients were identified between TP–TF (r = 0.93) DPPH-ABTS (r= 0.71), ABTS-TP (r=0.81) and FRAP-TF (r=0.89). Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped the studied genotypes into seven clusters. The identified genotypes of chilli are powerful sources of natural antioxidants that slow down the oxidation processes in the body by protecting them from the active oxygen species.
Hypercalcemia and Nephrocalcinosis in an Infant with Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis: A Rare but Potential Serious Clinical Condition
Authors: Nongrum Jennifer N. , Chandel Anuragsingh , Jategaonkar Smita , Jain Manish
Published: June 2022

Background: Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (SCFN) is a panniculitis characterized by the presence of violaceous subcutaneous nodules and indurated plaques on the back, buttocks, proximal extremities, or cheeks. It is a self-limiting benign condition sometimes associated with hypercalcemia that can lead to serious complications such as seizures, failure to thrive and renal failure. It usually develops in full term neonates who experienced some perinatal stress. The literature shows that hypercalcemia is found in nearly 51% of infants, with 95% of the infants developing it within 60 days of onset of skin  lesions.

Clinical Description: In this case, we describe a full-term female infant presented to us with failure to thrive at 2 months of age with a postnatal history of meconium aspiration syndrome. On further evaluation, child was found to have hypercalcemia, anemia and bilateral nephrocalcinosis.

Management & Outcome: The clinical findings and lab investigations were consistent with subcutaneous fat necrosis with hypercalcemia as its main complication. Child was successfully treated with oral corticosteroids.

Conclusion: Being a rare clinical condition, it is important to consider it as a differential diagnosis in infants with significant perinatal stress and hence this case report.
Researchers call for caution in opioid tapers for pain patients
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2022

Tapering pain patients from prescribed opioids has been going on for the past 10 years and the results have been mixed. One recent report, however, shows that there should be fresh concern about what is happening to these patients.
A Versatile 980 nm Absorbing Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogen for NIR‐II Imaging‐Guided Synergistic Photo‐Immunotherapy Against Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Wang Miao , Yan Dingyuan , Wang Meng , Wu Qian , Song Ruixiang , Huang Yiming , Rao Jie , Wang Dong , Zhou Feifan , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: June 2022

To address urgent tasks in the treatment of advanced deep‐seated tumors, a 980 nm absorbing agent with aggregation‐induced emission tendency, namely TPE‐BT‐BBTD, which simultaneously possesses the longest absorption wavelength among all the reported AIE molecules is developed. The functionality of deep near‐infrared‐II fluorescence imaging (NIR‐II FLI) and outstanding photothermal performance is well‐tailored for advanced pancreatic cancer treatment. With the covalent attachment of the programmed death‐ligand 1 (αPD‐L1) antibody, αPD‐L1@TPE‐BT‐BBTD nanoparticles show precise tumor targeting and excellent immunosuppression reversal ability. Following local photothermal therapy, immunogenic tumor vaccination is induced to trigger the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in tumors. With the decreased FoxP3+ Treg cells and M2‐like macrophages that are reversed by αPD‐L1, CTLs activity is further enhanced with more production of granzyme B (GrB), which much accurately leads to tumor apoptosis and effectively suppressed spontaneous metastases. Overall, αPD‐L1@TPE‐BT‐BBTD nanoparticles based NIR‐II FLI‐mediated photo‐immunotherapy is able to significantly improve the control of primary tumor and metastasis in the treatment of advanced deep‐seated tumors.
Binary Organic Solar Cells Breaking 19% via Manipulating the Vertical Component Distribution
Authors: Wei Yanan , Chen Zhihao , Lu Guanyu , Yu Na , Li Congqi , Gao Jinhua , Gu Xiaobin , Hao Xiaotao , Lu Guanghao , Tang Zheng , Zhang Jianqi , Wei Zhixiang , Zhang Xin , Huang Hui
Published: June 2022

The variation of the vertical component distribution can significantly influence the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs), mainly due to its impact on exciton dissociation and charge‐carrier transport and recombination. Herein, binary devices are fabricated via sequential deposition (SD) of D18 and L8‐BO materials in a two‐step process. Upon independently regulating the spin‐coating speeds of each layer deposition, the optimal SD device shows a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.05% for binary single‐junction OSCs, much higher than that of the corresponding blend casting (BC) device (18.14%). Impressively, this strategy presents excellent universality in boosting the photovoltaic performance of SD devices, exemplified by several nonfullerene acceptor systems. The mechanism studies reveal that the SD device with preferred vertical components distribution possesses high crystallinity, efficient exciton splitting, low energy loss, and balanced charge transport, resulting in all‐around enhancement of photovoltaic performances. This work provides a valuable approach for high‐efficiency OSCs, shedding light on understanding the relationship between photovoltaic performance and vertical component distribution.
Effect of Y3+ on the structural and photoluminescence properties of yttrium‐doped sodium borate glass
Authors: Ahmed Ehab M. , Mohamed Amaal , Youssif Mortady I. , El‐Ghamaz Nasser A. , El‐shabaan May M.
Published: June 2022

Glass of the composition 70%B2O3‐(30‐x)%Na2O‐x%Y2O3 with x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 mol% was manufactured using the melt quenching method. X‐ray diffraction tests indicated the amorphous structure of the glass, with the presence of some YBO3 clusters in the high yttrium content samples. Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis proved the presence of different borate groups and linkages, in addition to nonsystematic changes in the ratio BO3/BO4 in the glass. The forming ability of the glass was found to be approximately stable for the low Y3+ content samples and increased for the heavily doped samples. The density of the samples was found to increase as the Y3+ concentration was increased, whereas the molar volume decreased. The bond strength of the examined glass suggested that a covalent nature was dominant between bonds. All the Y3+‐doped glass was found to emit greenish‐cyan light when excited at
. Photoluminescence intensity was shown to be enhanced by the generated YBO3 groups. The obtained correlated colour temperature values with 82.5% purity recommend the suitability of the glass for applications in outdoor illumination.
Effects of a reflective cultural audit intervention on multicultural and social justice counselling competencies of counselling students
Authors: Kim Nayoung , Oh Seungbin , Han Eunae
Published: June 2022

Enhancing multicultural and social justice counselling competencies (MSJCC) has been important in the counselling field for a number of years. As such, counsellor educators are called to provide the relevant education for counselling students. To identify ways to increase counselling students' MSJCC, the researchers conducted an experimental study investigating the effects of reflective practice on MSJCC of counselling students. Participants were recruited from a large university in the U.S. and completed a survey at the beginning and the end of their practicum semester. They were divided into an experimental (n = 35) and control (n = 37) group. Students in the experimental group wrote reflective journals after working with clients from different backgrounds. Specifically, we used the intervention derived from cultural auditing where individuals answer questions based on the prompts that facilitated participants' reflection regarding their counselling sessions. In our study, we selectively provided participants with the prompts from the cultural auditing process. For instance, we asked what their initial reactions were to a specific client, what those reaction may indicate about their own beliefs, values and assumptions, what the client's rationale was for the problem and how it may fit with the ways that problems were conceptualised within their culture. Based on these prompts, counselling students in the experimental group wrote reflective journals. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was employed. Results showed that MSJCC was higher for those in the control group than those in the experimental group, F(286.573, 1) = 5.119, p = .027, p2 = 0.071. Implications for future research are discussed.
Evaluation of patients with erythema exudativum multiforme, Stevens‐Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis treated at our department during the previous 9‐year period
Authors: Kawasaki‐Nagano Midori , Tamagawa‐Mineoka Risa , Masuda Koji , Ueta Mayumi , Sotozono Chie , Katoh Norito
Published: June 2022

Erythema exudativum multiforme (EM), Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are acute inflammatory diseases of the skin and mucous membranes. EM with mucosal eruptions is sometimes difficult to differentiate from SJS or TEN. This study aimed to understand the characteristics of these diseases by evaluating the backgrounds, clinical symptoms, and disease courses of EM/SJS/TEN patients treated at our hospital. It shows that persistent fevers and erosion are common in SJS/TEN. Therefore, we must pay attention to whether they become more severe.
Health‐related quality of life outcomes after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer in NRG Oncology/NSABP R‐04
Authors: Ganz Patricia A. , Hays Ron D. , Spritzer Karen L. , Rogatko André , Ko Clifford Y. , Colangelo Linda H. , Arora Amit , Hopkins Judith O. , Evans Terry L. , Yothers Greg
Published: June 2022

Background

There has been limited evaluation of health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in rectal cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. HRQOL outcomes in the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project R‐04 trial are examined in this article.

Methods

Between 2004 and 2010, R‐04 patients were invited to enroll in the HRQOL substudy, with questionnaires administered before randomization, after completion of chemoradiotherapy, and 1‐year after surgery. HRQOL measures included: Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy for colorectal cancer (FACT‐C); Short Form‐36v.2 Vitality scale; a treatment‐specific symptom scale; and the FACT neurotoxicity scale. A 5‐year postsurgery assessment was added to the protocol in 2012. Mixed‐effects models examined neoadjuvant therapy treatment effects in the 1‐year sample and models that explored associations of host factors and treatment impact on 5‐year HRQOL.

Results

A total of 1373 patients completed baseline HRQOL and at least one additional assessment. The average age was 58 years (range, 23–85 years), male (68%), and 59% Stage II. There were no statistically significant differences in HRQOL outcomes by treatment arm, but HRQOL worsened from baseline to postneoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, with statistically significant effect sizes changes ranging from 0.6 (Vitality) to 0.9 (FACT‐C Trial Outcome Index). Neurotoxicity was greater in the oxaliplatin‐treated groups. Obese/overweight patients had statistically significantly worse FACT‐C Trial Outcome Index scores than did underweight/normal weight groups. At 5 years, younger patients and those with normal baseline weight had statistically significantly better physical function scores and older patients had better mental health outcomes.

Conclusions

HRQOL did not differ across the four R‐04 treatment arms; however, host factors explained significant variation in posttreatment HRQOL. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00058474 (https://ClinicalTrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00058474).

Lay summary

This article reports on the health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes of patients treated with four different chemotherapy regimens combined with radiation in rectal cancer patients before definitive surgical treatment.

There were no significant differences in HRQOL by treatment regimen, but all patients experienced decreased vitality (energy) and physical functioning. By 1 year after treatment, most patients had returned to pretreatment vitality and physical functioning, with the exception of increased neurotoxicity.

In a subsample of patients assessed at 5 years after surgery, physical function was better in those who at pretreatment were younger, normal weight, and had better performance status. Mental function was better in those who at pretreatment were older and had better performance status.
Broadband performance assessment of a microwave power transistor employing the real frequency technique
Authors: Kilinc Sedat , Ejaz Malik Ehsan , Yarman Binboga Siddik , Ozoguz Serdar , Srivastava Saket , Nurellari Edmond
Published: June 2022

Generation of proper source/load‐pull impedances for a selected active device is essential to design an RF power amplifier for optimum gain and power added efficiency. As they are obtained, these impedances may not be realizable network functions over the desired frequency band to yield the input and the output matching networks for the amplifier. Therefore, in this paper, first, we introduce a new method to test if a given impedance is realizable. Then, a novel “real frequency line‐segment technique” based numerical procedure is introduced to assess the gain‐bandwidth limitations of the given source and load impedances, which in turn results in the ultimate RF power‐intake and power‐delivery capacity of the amplifier. During the numerical performance assessments process, a robust tool called “virtual gain optimization” is presented. Finally, a new definition called “power performance product” is introduced to measure the quality of an active device. Examples are presented to test the realizability of the given source‐/load‐pull data and to assess the gain‐bandwidth limitations of the given source/load‐pull impedances for a 45 W‐GaN power transistor, namely, “Wolfspeed CG2H40045” over 0.8–3.8 GHz bandwidth.
PTEN is required for human Treg suppression of costimulation in vitro
Authors: Lam Avery J. , Haque Manjurul , Ward‐Hartstonge Kirsten A. , Uday Prakruti , Wardell Christine M. , Gillies Jana K. , Speck Madeleine , Mojibian Majid , Klein Geltink Ramon I. , Levings Megan K.
Published: June 2022

Regulatory T‐cell (Treg) therapy is under clinical investigation for the treatment of transplant rejection, autoimmune disease, and graft‐versus‐host disease. With the advent of genome editing, attention has turned to reinforcing Treg function for therapeutic benefit. A hallmark of Tregs is dampened activation of PI3K‐AKT signaling, of which PTEN is a major negative regulator. Loss‐of‐function studies of PTEN, however, have not conclusively shown a requirement for PTEN in upholding Treg function and stability. Using CRISPR‐based genome editing in human Tregs, we show that PTEN ablation does not cause a global defect in Treg function and stability; rather, it selectively blocks their ability to suppress antigen‐presenting cells. PTEN‐KO Tregs exhibit elevated glycolytic activity, upregulate FOXP3, maintain a Treg phenotype, and have no discernible defects in lineage stability. Functionally, PTEN is dispensable for human Treg‐mediated inhibition of T‐cell activity in vitro and in vivo but is required for suppression of costimulatory molecule expression by antigen‐presenting cells. These data are the first to define a role for a signaling pathway in controlling a subset of human Treg activity. Moreover, they point to the functional necessity of PTEN‐regulated PI3K‐AKT activity for optimal human Treg function.
Personality impressions predict intergroup trust behaviour of Southern Chinese
Authors: Wu Wenjie
Published: June 2022

This research aimed to investigate whether the personality impressions Southern Chinese formed on people who were from South China or North China predicted intergroup trust. Study 1 adopted the one‐shot trust game to measure intergroup trust, in which the participant decided the amounts of money they would like to invest with the members of the ingroup and the members of the outgroup. After that, they assessed the personality traits of the two groups with a set of trait words. Results suggested that participants invested more average amounts of money with the outgroup than with the ingroup, and the investment in the northerners was significantly correlated with the trait impressions of the northerners. Study 2 conducted a survey to specify the positive and negative aspects of personality impressions made on the two groups. Results revealed that some untrustworthy and dislike traits were regarded as the negative traits in the ingroup rather than in the outgroup, though participants distinguished the positive personality traits between the two groups. The complexity‐extremity theory was applied to explain the results of preferring to trust the outgroup over the ingroup in relation to the representation of personality impressions of the two groups.
CeO2 quantum‐dots engineering 3D carbon architectures toward dendrite‐free Na anode and reversible Te cathode for high‐performance Na‐Te batteries
Authors: Liu Yangjie , Li Junwei , Hu Xiang , Yuan Jun , Zhong Guobao , Zhang Lu , Chen Junxiang , Zhan Hongbing , Wen Zhenhai
Published: June 2022

Sodium‐tellurium (Na‐Te) battery, thanks to high theoretical capacity and abundant sodium source, has been envisaged as one promising battery technology, its practical application yet faces daunting challenges regarding how to mitigate the critical issues of uncontrollable dendrites growth at Na anode and polytellurides shuttling effect at Te cathode. We here report an elaborative design for fabrication of microsphere skeleton nanohybrids with three‐dimensional (3D) hierarchical porous carbon loading CeO2 quantum dots (CeO2‐QDs/HPC), which feature highly favorable properties of sodiophilic and catalysis for hosting sodium and tellurium, respectively. The systematic investigations coupling with first‐principle calculations demonstrate the CeO2‐QDs/HPC not only offers favorable structure and abundant electrocatalytic sites for facilitating interconversion between Te and NaxTe as a cathode host, but also can function as dendrite inhibitor anode host for reversible sodium electro‐plating/deposition. Such Na‐Te battery exhibits admiring electrochemical performance with an impressive specific capacity of 392 mAh g−1, a long cycling stability over 1000 cycles, as well as remarkably high energy density of 192 Wh kg−1 based on the total mass of anode and cathode. Such proof‐of‐concept bifunctional host design for active electrode materials can render a new insight and direction to the development of high‐performance Na‐Te batteries.

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Revolutionizing Japanese American Literature for Young Adults: A Review of WE HEREBY REFUSE: Japanese American Resistance to Wartime Incarceration
Authors: Endo Rachel
Published: June 2022

In this review of WE HEREBY REFUSE: Japanese American Resistance to Wartime Incarceration, by Frank Abe and Tamiko Nimura, the author describes how this dynamic graphic novel provides multiple avenues for literacy educators to encourage young adults from diverse backgrounds to engage in their own forms of criticality (Mohammed, 2019) to analyze the causes and consequences of racial injustice over time. The descendants of incarcerated Japanese Americans, Abe and Nimura provide authentic reenactments of the World War II era through the narrative experiences of three Japanese American resisters, Hajime Jim Akutsu, Hiroshi Kashiwagi, and Mitsuye Endo. Sample pedagogical strategies connected to the text are offered for equity‐conscious literacy educators who seek to inspire their diverse learners to apply skills in criticality to directly challenge the status quo, and also, to comparatively situate how racialized violence against Asian Americans has evolved from the 1940s to the present.
Mesenchymal stem cells regulate M1 polarization of peritoneal macrophages through the CARD9‐NF‐κB signaling pathway in severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Wang Jing , Tian Jun , Wang Lin , Yang Zhi‐wen , Xu Ping
Published: June 2022

Background

Macrophages release large numbers of proinflammatory cytokines that trigger inflammatory cascade reactions, which promote the rapid development of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) from local to systemic inflammation. The ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to suppress inflammation is related to inhibition of M1 polarization of macrophages. Our previous studies revealed that caspase recruitment domain protein 9 (CARD9) was involved in SAP inflammation and activation of the CARD9‐NF‐κB signaling pathway plays an important proinflammatory role in SAP. At present, there is no effective treatment to control the inflammatory response in SAP. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine whether MSCs regulate the polarization of macrophages through the CARD9‐NF‐κB signaling pathway in SAP.

Methods

Short hairpin RNA interference technology and coculture in vitro were used to assess the activation status of the CARD9‐NF‐κB signal pathway in macrophages. Furthermore, flow cytometry was used to determine the polarization state of macrophages.

Results

The results showed MSCs inhibited CARD9 expression in vivo and in vitro (P < .05), alleviated inflammation induced by proinflammatory cytokines, and inhibited the phosphorylation of NF‐κB in macrophages both in vivo and in vitro. Meanwhile, MSCs downregulated the CARD9‐NF‐κB signal pathway and inhibited M1 polarization of macrophages.

Conclusion

In conclusion, MSCs regulate M1 polarization of peritoneal macrophages through the CARD9‐NF‐κB signaling pathway in SAP and transplantation of MSCs presents an effective treatment option for SAP.
Influence of inorganic and organic electrolytes on the micellization of synthesized γ‐alkyl (C12 and C14) aspartate
Authors: Sharma Himani , Tyagi Rashmi
Published: June 2022

Amino acid‐based surfactants are emerging as important biocompatible and eco‐friendly surfactants. This work explores C12 and C14 γ‐alkyl aspartic acid surfactants to understand their preparation, micellization, and surface properties, including critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface tension at CMC, thermodynamic properties, and biodegradation. A duration of 24 h produced the highest yield for the synthesis of γ‐alkyl aspartate from C12 and C14 fatty alcohols and aspartic acid. Their chemical structures were identified using elemental analysis, FT‐IR, and 1H and 13C‐NMR. Synthesized sodium γ‐tetradecyl aspartate (SGTdA) possessed a lower CMC value than synthesized sodium γ‐dodecyl aspartate (SGDdA). However, a higher biodegradability was observed for the shorter‐chain surfactant (SGDdA), that is, 84.6% in 7 days using activated sludge as a secondary effluent. In addition, the effect of inorganic and organic salts on the interfacial properties of surfactants was studied. It was observed that salts are very effective and active in reducing the CMC of surfactants.
Determination and traceability of matrine and oxymatrine in Chinese acacia honey
Authors: Zongyan Cui , Hong Lin , Lei Chen , Xuezhe Huang , Tao Ding , Jinzhong Xu
Published: June 2022

Background

Matrine and oxymatrine were detected in Chinese acacia honey. In order to study their sources, some acacia honey samples from different years and producing areas were collected, and a method for the determination of matrine and oxymatrine in honey by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was established. The linear range was 1–100 ng/ml and the limit of quantification was 1.0 μg/kg. At the spiking level of 1.0, 2.0, and 10.0 μg/kg, the recoveries were in the range of 71.3%–104.6% and RSD was 1.3%–4.8%. The method can be used for the determination of matrine and oxymatrine in honey and plant flowers, leaves, and stems.

Results

Matrine and oxymatrine were detected in 27 of 39 acacia honey samples collected in 2021. In samples from the other years, 14 of the 18 samples of acacia honey tested were found positive. No matrine or oxymatrine residues were detected in the flowers of acacia, whilst high levels of matrine and oxymatrine were detected in the flowers, leaves and stems of the Sophora davidii Skeels. The highest level of oxymatrine and matrine detected were 283.9 and 58.8 mg/kg, respectively, more than a thousand times higher than the content detected in acacia honey (unit: μg/kg).

Conclusions

It was confirmed that the matrine and oxymatrine were inevitable in acacia honey of northwest China and originated from the introduction of S. davidii Skeels nectar.
Can the Remote Use of a Peak Flow Meter Predict Severity of Subglottic Stenosis and Surgical Timing?
Authors: Park Meredith , Tie Kevin , Davis Heather , Hall Joseph , Buckmire Robert A. , Shah Rupali N.
Published: June 2022

Objective

We aimed to assess the relationship between patient‐performed and patient‐reported peak flow meter (PFM) measurements with pulmonary function testing (PFT) and Dyspnea Index (DI) scores as a tool for monitoring Subglottic stenosis (SGS) disease progression remotely.

Methods

Thirty‐five SGS patients were prospectively enrolled. Patients were given PFMs to report serial measurements from home. DI scores and PFT were recorded at serial clinic visits. Data were analyzed to determine the correlation between PFM measurements and PFT data. Pre‐operative and post‐operative PFM measurements, PFT, and DI scores were analyzed for patients who underwent operative intervention. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were created for PFM measurements, PFT data, and DI scores to predict the likelihood of surgery.

Results

PFM measurements had a “strong” correlation with the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), r = 0.78. Means of PEFR, PIFR, EDI, PFM measurements, and DI scores all significantly improved after the operative intervention (p ≤ 0.05). The area under the curve for ROC curves for DI scores, PFM measurements, and EDI were highest in our cohort with values of 0.896, 0.823, and 0.806, respectively.

Conclusion

In our SGS cohort, PFM measurements correlate strongly with PEFR measurements. PFM measurements can adequately demonstrate disease progression and predict the need for surgery in this patient population. Together, DI scores and PFM measurements may be a useful tool to remotely follow patients with SGS and inform timing of in‐person assessments.

Level of Evidence

2 Laryngoscope, 133:628–633, 2023
New framework on comprehensive BH, physical health integration released
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: June 2022

Although there have been numerous integrated care models introduced for well over a decade now, some organizations have been unable to find one that fits their capabilities and goals. Additionally, it may be harder to adopt a comprehensive model without a good road map, according to the National Council for Mental Wellbeing (National Council), which recently released a new resource for better physical health and behavioral health integration.
Hate crime laws reduce suicide attempts among some groups
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: June 2022

Although hate crime laws are associated with reductions in the proportion of adolescents who attempt suicide, this potential appears to be contingent on naming sexual minorities, i.e., people who identify as LGBTQ+, as a protected group, said University of Indianapolis and Ohio State University researchers in a new study published in Psychology, Public Policy, and Law.
Modeling secondary cancer risk ratios for proton versus carbon ion beam therapy: A comparative study based on the local effect model
Authors: Hufnagl Antonia , Johansson Gracinda , Siegbahn Albert , Durante Marco , Friedrich Thomas , Scholz Michael
Published: June 2022

Background

Ion beam therapy allows for substantial sparing of normal tissues. Besides deterministic normal‐tissue complications, stochastic long‐term effects like secondary cancer (SC) induction are of importance when comparing different treatment modalities.

Purpose

To develop a modeling approach for comparison of SC risk in proton and carbon ion therapy.

Methods and Materials

The local effect model (LEM) is used to predict the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of SC induction after particle therapy. A key feature of the new approach is the double use of the LEM, reflecting the competition between the two processes of mutation induction (leading to cancer development) and cell inactivation (leading to suppression of cancer development). Based on previous investigations, treatment plans were in this work analyzed for an idealized geometry in order to assess the underlying systematic dependencies of cancer induction. In a further step, relative SC risks were predicted for proton and carbon ion treatment plans prepared for 10 prostate cancer patients.

Results

We investigated the impact of factors such as treatment plan geometry, fractionation scheme, and tissue radiosensitivity to photon irradiation on the ion beam SC risk. Our model studies do not result in a clear preference for either protons or carbon ions, but rather indicate a complex interplay of different aspects. Reduced lateral scattering leads to a lower SC risk for carbon ions compared to protons at the lateral field margins in the entrance channel, while an increased risk was found closely behind the tumor due to projectile fragmentation. The fractionation scheme had little impact on the expected risk ratio. With respect to sensitivity parameters, those characterizing RBE for cell killing of potentially cancerous cells as well as of the primary tumor had the most significant impact. The observed general systematic dependencies are in agreement with results from previous model studies. The prostate patient study reveals reduced SC risks predictions for skin and bones for carbon ions as compared to protons, but higher mean risks for bladder and rectum.

Conclusion

The methods established in this work provide a basis for further investigating treatment optimizing strategies for ion beam therapy with regard to SC risk comparisons.