bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Butorphanol and Dexmedetomidine after Intranasal Administration in Broiler Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)
Authors: Sha Jin , Kongara Kavitha , Singh Preet , Jacob Antony , Ponnampalam Jeyamohan
Published: April 2022

Butorphanol and dexmedetomidine (DXM) can produce analgesia in birds. Intranasal (IN) route of drug administration is easier, and free of risks such as pain and tissue damage compared with intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous routes in bird species, including wild birds. Although previous studies have demonstrated the use of IN route for producing sedation, no studies are available on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of IN drugs in birds. This study analyzed the pharmacokinetics and sedative–analgesic efficacy of intranasal butorphanol (2 mg/kg), dexmedetomidine (80 µg/kg) and their combination (butorphanol, 2 mg/kg; DXM, 80 µg/kg) in healthy, male, Ross broiler chickens (n = 6/group) aged between 6 and 8 weeks. Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax, p = 0.01), area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 120 min (AUC0 to 120, p = 0.02) and apparent volume of distribution at steady state (Vss, p = 0.02) of DXM were significantly higher than that of DXM co-administered with butorphanol. The mechanical nociceptive thresholds and the sedation scores of DXM group were significantly higher than the baseline value. Dexmedetomidine (80 µg/kg, IN) was effective in chickens, and the drug absorption was more rapid than that of DXM with butorphanol. However, the duration of action of DXM was short. Lower value of Cmax and nociceptive thresholds showed the nonsignificant efficacy of butorphanol at a dose of 2 mg/kg after IN administration in broiler chickens.
The Participation of Women Employed in Traditionally Male-Dominated Occupations including Plumbing: 1975 – 2013
Authors: Cruickshank Garry
Published: April 2022

In 1975 employment in the majority of trades’ areas was dominated by men, and this fact, associated with a significant wage disparity, generated considerable social debate at that time. A number of newspaper articles in New Zealand highlighted the lack of female participation in traditionally male occupations. Using an intensive literature review and statistical analysis of available records, this paper investigates whether the numbers of women employed as plumbers in New Zealand have changed between 1975 and the present day. Having established that the proportion of female plumbers is almost unchanged during this period, this research then compares this information with data gathered from other trades and exposes the widespread nature of this trend across traditionally male dominated industries. This data is also compared to gender-based employment rates in the non-trades professions. The potential causes underlying this tendency are discussed. Finally the paper reflects on what, if anything, could to be done to alter this situation.
Climate Change and Generation Zero – Analysing the 50/50 Campaign: A Communication for Social Change Approach
Authors: Noronha S
Published: April 2022

Climate change does not respect national boundaries or distinguish between big and small polluters. It is one of the truly global problems humanity faces today. In spite of this, there is a reluctance to believe in the existence of climate change even though the scientific consensus is that human influence bears much of the responsibility. In less than 200 years, human activity has increased the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases by some 50 percent relative to pre-industrial levels, leading to an increase in global temperatures. 1 Yet contrarian perspectives abound, given prominence by the media and promoted by fossil fuel lobbies. One such example is Dennis Avery and Fred Singer’s Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years, a book whose premise is that “human-emitted CO2 has played only a minor role” in contributing to climate change.
System Dynamics Modelling of Pathways to a Hydrogen Economy in New Zealand: Final Report
Authors: Leaver Jonathan , Gillingham Kenneth , Baglino A
Published: April 2022

This report represents a compilation of work prepared under Objective 6: Carbon to Hydrogen Energy – Proof of Concept of FRST contract C08X0204.
Life Songs of Nedunkunrucheri Kadar Tribes
Authors: B Gunasundari
Published: April 2022

Kadar are one of the tribes living in the Anamalai region of Tamil Nadu. In the Valparai circle located in the Anamalai Hills, various tribes like Muduvan, Malaimalaisar, Paliyar, and Kadar are extant. Although in Kadar’s lives, education, educational related work, and the crisis of the regime have witnessed changes in many stages, it could still be seen that they have not completely changed their basic habits. In a situation, where stories, dances, and songs that are mixed with pleasures and pains of everyday life, are constantly being recorded, this article seeks to high spot the different emotions that they express through songs, such as their failure to progress while they try to bring an evolvement in others’ lives, their belief in natural phenomena, their cohesiveness, their unity among children, the loss caused by the death of their husbands, and their adaptation to modern life. The elders there can be seen lamenting the fact that their lives, which in the early days were almost all about dancing, singing, and storytelling, are now changing. Yet, their endangered dance song story and storytelling are being documented to preserve the remnants of an ancient ethnic group. Hence, this article tends to highlight the magnificent importance that songs have received in the lives of the Kadar.
Cocaine as a Risk Factor for Heart and Vascular Disease. Part 2
Authors: Зыбалова Т.С. , Достанко Н.Ю. , Ягур В.Е. , Борис А.М.
Published: April 2022

Во второй части обзора подробно рассмотрены данные большого числа опубликованных исследований, посвященных влиянию кокаина на развитие ишемии, инфаркта миокарда, миокардита, кокаин-ассоциированной кардиомиопатии, хронической сердечной недостаточности. Всесторонне проанализированы данные литературы, посвященные проблеме использования бета-адреноблокаторов в лечении сердечно-сосудистой патологии, ассоциированной с употреблением кокаина, в том числе при боли в грудной клетке и остром коронарном синдроме. Обсуждены особенности кокаин-ассоциированного инфаркта миокарда, возможные механизмы, лежащие в основе специфической ишемии и кардиотоксического эффекта, вызываемых кокаином. Рассмотрены варианты и механизмы развития кокаин-ассоциированной кардиомиопатии. Особое внимание уделено возможностям современных методов диагностики в определении характера повреждения сердца кокаином в каждом клиническом случае. Приведены опубликованные рекомендации по лечению рассмотренной кокаин-ассоциированной патологии.

In the second part of the review the data of a large number of published studies on the cocaine role in the development of ischemia, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, cocaine- associated cardiomyopathy, and chronic heart failure are considered in detail.The papers on the beta-blockers place in the treatment of cocaine-associated cardiovascular pathology, including chest pain and acute coronary syndrome, have been comprehensively analyzed. The particulars of myocardial infarction associated with cocaine use, possible mechanisms underlying the specific ischemia and cardiotoxic effect caused by cocaine are discussed. Variants and mechanisms of development of cocaine-associated cardiomyopathy are considered. Special attention is paid to the possibilities of modern diagnostic methods in determining the causes of myocardial damage in each clinical case associated with cocaine use. Published recommendations for the treatment of the considered cocaine- associated pathology are presented.
Face Biometric Prediction and cyber-attacks experienced Using Deep Learning Model
Authors: Manikandan K.
Published: April 2022

Identify the Face biometric prediction by using digital image processing techniques as well as deep learning model. So we introduce image processing and deep learning technique to determine face at initial stage. Initially, the source images are collected from by using the U-Net based technique. And also extract the features from input image. Finally, classify the images as diseases affected or healthy as classify by using Deep Convolution Generative Adversarial Network (DCGAN). In this proposed model, experimentation is conducted using the python Open CV model, and the performance is evaluated using different performance measures, which is designated in the result section. During the feature extraction process, the threshold values are also dynamically modified. The CNN's advantage is clear because of the uncertainty caused by noise. In the proposed method, 97.94 percent of the data was correctly classified.
Conocimientos y creencias de los estudiantes sobre estrategias de lectura
Authors: Loayza Maturrano Edward Faustino
Published: April 2022

El propósito de la investigación es identificar los conocimientos y creencias sobre estrategias de lectura de los estudiantes al finalizar la educación básica. También tiene el objetivo de determinar el tipo de correlación existente entre el conocimiento fundamental de los estudiantes sobre las estrategias de lectura y sus creencias sobre las estrategias de lectura. El estudio es de tipo cuantitativo de diseño descriptivo-transversal y correlacional. La recogida de información se efectuó a través de un cuestionario de cuarenta ítems, el cual fue sometido a una prueba piloto mediante prueba y reprueba de fiabilidad con 30 estudiantes. Los encuestados fueron 153 estudiantes matriculados en el quinto grado de educación secundaria en una Institución Educativa Pública del distrito de La Molina. Los resultados evidencian que los estudiantes tienen un conocimiento básico sobre las estrategias de lectura. Asimismo, se evidencia una correlación media entre el conocimiento fundamental de los estudiantes sobre las estrategias de lectura y sus creencias sobre las estrategias de lectura. En conclusión, el estudio sugiere algunas implicaciones para la enseñanza de la lectura a estudiantes del nivel Secundaria y evidencia una correlación media entre las variables: conocimiento de estrategias de lectura y creencias de estrategias de lectura de los estudiantes.
Desafíos de la educación de niños y jóvenes en el siglo XXI
Authors: Latorre Ariño Marino
Published: April 2022

La gran novedad de nuestro tiempo es que el mundo no solo ha cambiado, sino que está situación de cambios acelerados. La sociedad que venía ya ha llegado, el futuro ya llegó y se llama incertidumbre. Los estudiantes necesitan desarrollar competencias como la creatividad, autonomía, la flexibilidad y el emprendimiento. No sabemos cómo va a ser la sociedad dentro de 20 o 30 años, entonces nos preguntamos: ¿Cómo vamos a educar a los estudiantes de hoy para una sociedad que aún no existe? La respuesta la da Morin, (1999): El conocimiento es saber navegar por el océano de la incertidumbre apoyados en archipiélagos de certezas (p. 43). ¿Cuáles son esas certezas? Un conjunto de valores-actitudes y capacidades-destrezas que ayuden a los estudiantes a tomar decisiones en su vida que les permitan aprender y seguir aprendiendo durante toda la vida, llegando a ser ciudadanos honestos y solidarios. Ese desafío lo debe asumir el estudiante, la familia y la escuela. Proporcionar modelos educativos y diseños curriculares que posibiliten conseguir este fin es un aporte excelente y necesario para la escuela. Se presenta el paradigma Sociocognitivo-humanista como forma de intervención pedagógica actualizada y moderna. Este artículo presenta una reflexión sobre la educación y su función evangelizadora de la escuela católica, para responder a las demandas educativas y evangelizadoras de la sociedad actual desde la óptica de la misión educadora marista.
Aspects of Reproductive Biology of Pseudupeneus prayensis collected from the coast off Sierra Leone, West Africa.
Authors: Jossie Konoyima Komba , Duramany Seisay Lahai
Published: April 2022

Objective: The study assessed aspects of reproductive biology of Pseudupeneus prayensis in Sierra Leone, aimed to support efficient management of its fishery. Methodology and Results: One hundred and seventy one (171) specimens were randomly collected from January-June 2016 on-board a demersal trawler. Gonad stages were assessed macroscopically and absolute fecundity determined by gravimetry.Total length and weight were measured using a meter rule (cm) and weight balance (g) respectively. Results showed dominant males (56 %) with no significant difference between gender populations (p < 0.05), and female spawning gonads were exceptionally dominant in March and April. The estimated length at first sexual maturity (male, L50% = 19.6 cm; female, L50% =17.2 cm) was 30.7 % and 38.6 % less than the maximum length (Lmax = 28 cm) respectively. Besides, Gonadosomatic Index of both sexes peaked in March and May whereas Hepatosomatic Index was at peak in April and May for females, and in April and June for the males. Both sexes showed consistently high Index of condition (K >1.0). Fecundity positively correlated with size (r >0.9) and ranged from 160 000 eggs (total length, 17cm; somatic weight, 65g) to 522 079 eggs (total length, 25 cm; somatic weight, 150g). Conclusion and application of results: Sex ratios portrayed homogeneity in gender population of Pseudupeneus prayensis and females were key spawning indicators with notable spawning gonads in March and April. Moreover, both sexes of P. prayensis had delayed first sexual maturity with major spawning in March and May aided by well-developed liver (HSI) and improved conditions (K > 1.0). Besides, fecundity in Pseudupeneus prayensis increased with size, and female specimens were highly productive. The results of this study can be used to institute closed fishing seasons in the event of threat on the spawning biomass of the stock of P. prayensis in Sierra Leone. Keywords: Absolute fecundity, gonad, maturity, somatic, spawning.
Epitaxial growth of MoO3 polymorphs and impacts of Li-ion electrochemical reactions on their structural and electronic properties
Authors: Zhang Shuxin , Yajima Tatsuya , Soma Takuto , Ohtomo Akira
Published: April 2022

Two polymorphs of MoO3 (orthorhombic α and monoclinic β phases) were epitaxially grown on the (100) plane of cubic perovskites by using pulsed-laser deposition. The electrochemical cells were implemented for investigating the impacts of Li-ion intercalation on each phase. Despite the most stable phase, α-MoO3 films were transformed to an amorphous phase after a single electrochemical cycle. In contrast, the β-MoO3 films indicated reversible cyclic voltammogram against repeated electrochemical cycles of intercalation and subsequent deintercalation, and remained in forms of the crystalline Li
x
MoO3. Systematic evolutions of electronic, optical, and structural properties of Li
x
MoO3 films across insulator-to-metal transition are reported.
FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KUNJUNGAN IBU NIFAS PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID 19
Authors: Sari Vitria Komala , Indreswati Indreswati
Published: April 2022

Indonesia sedang menghadapi bencana nasional non alam COVID 19 sehingga pelayanan kesehatan maternal dan neonatal menjadi salah satu layanan yang terkena dampak baik secara akses maupun kualitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi kunjungan masa nifas ibu pada saat pandemi Covid-19. Desain penelitian menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian adalah ibu yang telah selesai masa nifas 2 jam post partum - 42 hari berjumlah 196 orang. Instrumen pengumpulan data berupa kunjungan masa nifas, persepsi, motivasi, dukungan keluarga dan sosial budaya, Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi Square (p=0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  ada hubungan antara persepsi dengan kunjungan masa nifas pada saat pandemi Covid-19 di Puskesmas Pangkalan (p=0,017). Ada hubungan motivasi dengan kunjungan masa nifas ibu pada saat pandemi Covid-19 (p=0,000;OR 0,025 95% CI 0,003-0,186). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dengan kunjungan masa nifas ibu pada saat pandemi Covid-19 ; p=0,0178). Ada hubungan antara sosial budaya dengan kunjungan nifas ibu di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Pangkalan (p=0,000). Kesimpulannya adalah dari empat variable yang ada hanya variabel motivasi, persepsi dan sosial budaya yang berhubungan dengan kunjungan nifas. Sehingga diharapkan kedepannya petugas kesehatan saat melakukan kunjungan dapat memberikan penyuluhan terhadap ibu nifas dengan protokol kesehatan.
Editorial
Authors: Nocentini Susanna
Published: April 2022

Il 2022 è iniziato con alcune importanti novità per le foreste italiane. L’8 febbraio è stata definitivamente approvata la modifica agli articoli 9 e 41 della Costituzione, con l’inserimento dell’ambiente, della biodiversità e degli ecosistemi fra i valori primari tutelati nei principi fondamentali. Nella documentazione che ha supportato i lavori che hanno portato alle modifiche, si legge che “L’ambiente come valore costituzionalmente protetto (e come entità organica complessa: sentenza n. 378 del 2007) fuoriesce da una visuale esclusivamente ‘antropocentrica’” e ancora: “L’ambiente è qui inteso nella sua accezione più estesa e ‘sistemica’: quale ambiente, ecosistema, biodiversità”. Questa modifica raccoglie un sentimento ormai diffuso, cioè che l’ambiente e la natura hanno valore in sé e perciò la loro tutela è una priorità assoluta per la società.
Automatic mapping of Italian forest disturbances between 1985 and 2019 using Landsat imagery and Google Earth Engine
Authors: Francini Saverio , Borghi Costanza , D'Amico Giovanni , Santi Stefano , Travaglini Davide
Published: April 2022

Forests play a key role in the carbon cycle and the fight against climate change. Long-term monitoring of forest dynamics represents a key element for understanding forests transformations due to forest harvestings and disturbances including fires, wind storms, frost or drought events, and pathogen attacks. This work aims at mapping and evaluating the forest disturbances that have occurred in Italy since 1985, using Landsat satellite imagery and apposite algorithms. We predicted about 1.8 million forest disturbances occurring during the observation period. Disturbances ranged between 27.923 ha in 2014 and 261.733 ha in 1985. Most of the forest disturbances have been identified in Sicilia and Calabria. Commission errors fluctuated between 29% in 2012 and 65% in 2001 while omission errors were between 8% in 2014 and 88% in 2003. The results that we present in this work can increase our understanding of Italian forests, and serve as basis for future research, while the methodology we applied can support the production of official statistics on forest disturbances.
Zonde van de tijd
Authors: Godot E.A.
Published: April 2022

Om de huidige stand van waarden en normen in onze cultuur van een kritisch pedagogisch commentaar te voorzien neemt E.A. Godot in zijn tweede boek de zeven hoofdzonden als uitgangspunt. Dat levert een schokkend beeld op, want de strijd tegen de zeven hoofdzonden, die in de late middeleeuwen de wereldlijke cultuur in onze streken is gaan bepalen, ziet er in onze tijd volkomen anders uit. Voor woede-uitbarstingen bestaat nu wel begrip en het je zomaar laten gaan is een stuk populairder geworden dan het leren beheersen van je emoties. Onkuisheid lijkt als zonde niet meer te bestaan, maar het is de vraag of de wijze waarop seksualiteit het gewone leven is gaan beheersen alleen maar winst oplevert. De gulzigheid heeft zulke extreme vormen aangenomen dat we binnenkort letterlijk uit elkaar barsten. Wie begrijpen wil waarom we anderen tegenwoordig nauwelijks nog een plekje onder de zon lijken te gunnen moet echt weten waar die nijd vandaan komt. Ook de gierigheid is onmiskenbaar toegenomen, maar niet de spaarzaamheid waarmee we bijvoorbeeld enkele decennia geleden het milieu wilden ontzien. Traagheid lijkt een grotere zonde dan ooit, maar moet in tijden van een ongekende prestatiedruk misschien juist gezien worden als een grote deugd. En dat ijdelheid ooit sterk werd afgekeurd kan men zich door het huidige accent op uiterlijkheden bijna niet meer voorstellen.
Professionalisering: een verkenning
Authors: van Houten Douwe
Published: April 2022

Alhoewel er al vroeg sprake is van professionele beroepen, is het verschijnsel ‘professionalisering’ pas in de negentiende eeuw voorwerp van studie. In de twintigste eeuw ontstaan nieuwe professies of is er in beroepen sprake van professionalisering. Dan volgt er theorievorming, met name in de beroepensociologie. Professionalisering wordt dan bijvoorbeeld verklaard uit de ontwikkeling van wetenschap als basis voor beroepsuitoefening. Dit hoofdstuk behandelt de voornaamste theorieën en gaat vervolgens in op de vraag in hoeverre professionals heden ten dage onder druk staan. Kunnen zij een eigen logica handhaven onder druk van markt en management ? Het hoofdstuk besluit vanuit persoonlijke betrokkenheid met een korte introductie op het concept ‘normatieve professionaliteit ’, waarin reflexiviteit en normativiteit van professionals samenkomen.
On the OBE-based Syllabus Design of the Audiolingual-visual-speaking Course
Authors: Zhang Qiushuang , Ge Deming
Published: April 2022

This research, on the basis of outcome-based educational theory, using Unit 10 in Book 1, New Experiencing English Viewing, Listening and Speaking by Higher Education Press as the teaching content, aims to design a syllabus for college English class. Focusing on results’ orientation of student, this paper is intended to promote the development of college English class, further improve the efficiency of college English class and also hope to provide substantial support for college English teaching studies.
Static Pullout Tests on Retrofitted Anchorage System in Concrete Using Supplementary Reinforcement
Authors: K Padmanabham , K Rambabu
Published: April 2022

This paper presents experimental results of retrofitted anchorage system of structural concrete by using Post-Installation of Supplementary Anchorage (PISA) as a implicit strengthening measure and to improve the nonlinear performance of conventional anchorage system in hardened concrete. A total sixty specimens of M25 grade concrete (150x150x300mm) with two different size of rebar anchorage of 12mm, 16mm and five different configuration of conventional anchorage system was retrofitted by PISA technique is verified under direct tension pullout quasi static loads. The configuration of anchorage comprised by straight bar (A1), 90degree bend (A2), 180degree hook (A3), single head bar (A4) and double head bar (A5). The test parameters considered are bond strength, ductility, stiffness and bar-slip and test variables are configuration of anchorage, size of rebar and presence of supplementary steel. The obtained results validated by ANSYS modeling. This study concludes that a considerable improvement of nonlinear parameters such as ultimate load (3-8%), stiffness (4%-17%), ductility (16%-52%) and concrete contribution (6%-23%) by using PISA technique.
The Techniques of Cultural Heritage: Literature Review
Authors: Jebur Ahmed Kareem
Published: April 2022

Documentation of cultural heritage is basically a computerized or digital representation of objects contains the realistic portrayal of objects in 2.5 or 3D and other details. It is an unquestionable reality that the most vital thing for transmitting cultural heritage to posterity is a delicate documentation. Up to the present there have been numerous advancements in documentation of cultural heritage through technology development, and contemporary documentation techniques have progressed speedily. In time, current techniques have turned out to be desirable over conventional methods in engineering in the existent state and in assurance of disfigurements and preparation of measured drawing projects of historical edifices. Over the most recent ten years, direct 3D documentation techniques are very well known and that great advancement. Generally several main geomatics approaches are using for documentation , in first approach, image based such as close range photogrammetry, unmanned aerial vehicles, infrared (IR) images, second approach are non-image-based such as conventional measurements, terrestrial laser scanning, and In third approach, many researcher are using hybrid method that companied between different techniques. With ongoing improvements in PC and information technologies, this notable customary method has been change with digital close-range photogrammetry. This new technique offers us new open doors, for example, automatic orientation and procedure of the measurement, create of 3D vector information, advanced ortho-image and digital surface model. Laser scanning is another innovation that lately has turned out to be progressively well known for documentation which gives exceptionally thick 3D points on an object surface with high exactness. Also, the 3D model and ortho-photo can be effortlessly created utilizing produced 3D point clouds and recorded digital pictures. This paper gives an overview about the techniques related with documentation of cultural heritage and the uses of cultural heritage.
Factors Associated with Hypertension in the Selected Community
Authors: C Mazumder K. , A Biswas , K Hossain , K Mondol M.
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Non-communicable disease causes over 36 million deaths globally each year. And among the NCD deaths, over 82% of premature deaths occur in underdeveloped and developing countries. Some of the non-communicable diseases like hypertension, diabetes and asthma are emerging as major health problems in Bangladesh. The Bangladesh government has given high priority to research these particular diseases. But although there are many global studies regarding the risk factors of hypertension, not much research has been done regarding the increasing risk of hypertension in rural areas. This study aims to determine the correlation of various factors with hypertension among the population of a rural locality. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the rural area of Dumki upazilla of Patuakhali district. Sample population was selected following simple random sampling technique. Socio-demographic information, information about smoking, family history of hypertension status were collected using a pre-prepared questionnaire. Blood pressure, body weight and height of 255 individuals between the age range of 40-90 years of both sexes were measured and collected. Result: Among the participants, 98 were male and 157 were female. The mean age of the participants was 45.28 years, and mean weight was 56.27 kg. 40% of the participants were aged between 41-50 years and 38.04% were aged between 51-60 years. Among the participants, majority were educated, and only 16.47% were illiterate. Majority of the participants (39.61%) were housewives, and 10.98% were service holders. Only 7.45% of the participants were unemployed. The biggest risk factor in the present study participants was excessive salt intake, present in 64.84% of the participants. This was closely followed by family history of hypertension, present in 61.18% of the participants. High BMI was also present in 48.63% of the participants. Conclusion: Increased BMI and high blood pressure are high risk factors for hypertension. Hypertension was observed to occur more in the female population, and the risk of hypertension increased with age. Excessive salt intake and smoking, Jarda consumption and tobacco chewing are also some risk factors observed in this particular rural study.
Root Dentin Surface Roughness and Microhardness Influenced by Different Irrigation Regimens
Authors: Ilieva Irina Tsenova- , Karova Emilia
Published: April 2022

Еndodontic irrigants could alter the mechanical properties of root canal dentin. The aim of the current study was tо compare the effect of three irrigation protocols on root canal dentin microhardness and roughness with respect to their concentration and additional ultrasonic activation for the same treatment period. Forty single-rooted, intact upper incisors were decoronated and sectioned longitudinally in buccolingual direction. The surfaces of all eighty samples were polished and randomly allocated into four equal groups (n=20): Group 1: Control group (distilled water); Group 2: 2% NaOCl/2 min followed by 17% EDTA/2 min; Group 3: 2% NaOCl/2 min followed by 17% EDTA/2 min, both ultrasonically activated Group 4: 5.25% NaOCl/2 min followed by 17% EDTA/2 min. Root dentin microhardness was significantly lowered by all of the irrigants regardless of their concentration and/or additional agitation (p<0.05). The surface of root canal dentin was roughned to the greatest extent by the ultrasonically activated irrigation solutions (p<0.001). The ultrasonic activation of the disinfection solutions significantly altered the biomechanical properties of dentin.
From Pre-Freshman Abroad to Freshman On-Campus: Examining Intercultural Competence Development Through an Extended Journey
Authors: Bittinger Michael , Jin Lan , Dou Xueting (Katherine)
Published: April 2022

As students transition from high school to college, their abilities to adapt and adjust are put to the test. This study examines the outcomes of a multi-stage study abroad program targeting first-year college students. The authors investigated student intercultural competence levels prior to matriculation, their development while abroad, and their continued expansion by means of a post-travel, on-campus component. Mixed-methods data collection and analyses indicated that students gained significant intercultural competence development through participating in a short-term overseas experience, which stretched into their transition to college life. This research contributes to the study abroad and intercultural learning literature by investigating the effect of an innovative program model and the understudied population of pre-freshman students. The findings provide practical implications for designing and assessing intercultural programing overseas and on campus.
 
Abstract in Chinese
在由高中升入大学的这一过程中，学生的适应调节能力受到了考验。本文旨在检验以大一新生为目标群体的多阶段海外学习项目的成果。作者研究了学生在不同阶段的跨文化能力水平的发展过程，包括入学之前的水平，在海外学习时的能力进展，以及回国之后、通过继续参与该项目的校园阶段学习而取得的能力扩展。采用混合方法（定量和定性）的数据采集和分析表明，学生通过参与短期海外学习，以及过渡到大学生活，他们的跨文化能力得到了显著的提高。本研究通过调查针对大一预备生的创新项目模式的成效，为海外学习和跨文化学习的文献做出了贡献。该研究发现为设计评估海外及本土的跨文化项目提供了实践性参考。
Pengukuran Reksadana Menggunakan Sharpe dan Treynor Model Jenis Pasar Uang, Pendapatan Tetap dan Saham
Authors: David Ferdinan Hutagalung , Widyanto Eko A. , Burhanuddin Burhanuddin
Published: April 2022

The Purpose of this research determine the results of measuring the performance of each type of mutual funds, namely the type of Money Market, Fixed Income and stocks in 2016 - 2020, if using the Sharpe method and the Treynor method and finding the type of Mutual fund with the best performance from these measurements. Sampling technique in this study using purposive sampling technique, totaling 30 samples of mutual funds. The analytical tool used in performance measurement is Microsoft Excel. The result of this performance measurement is the performance measurement of money market mutual funds, resulting in the Sucorinvest Money Market fund with the best performance based on Sharpe and Treynor methods. Fixed income mutual funds with Danamas Stabil that have the best performance based on Sharpe measurements and from stock funds, there are 2 Mutual funds, namely Sucorinvest Equity Fund and Sucorinvest Maxi Fund. The results of these measurements are Danamas Stabil from fixed income mutual funds are able to have the best performance of the 3 types of mutual funds based on Sharpe measurement, while based on the Treynor method, produce money market funds that have the best performance.
Bigotry, Civil Rights, and LGBTQ Child Welfare
Authors: Woods Jordan
Published: April 2022

A Review of Who’s the Bigot? Learning from Conflicts over Marriage and Civil Rights Law. By Linda C. McClain.
Predicate Offenses, Foreign Convictions, and Trusting Tribal Courts
Authors: Birkhold Alexander
Published: April 2022

Concerns about the reliability of criminal justice systems in foreign countries have resulted in uneven treatment of foreign convictions in U.S. courts. Federal courts, however, have historically accepted tribal court convictions as predicate offenses under recidivist statutes. But the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals recently rejected the uncounseled convictions obtained against Michael Bryant, Jr., a serial domestic abuser, in the Northern Cheyenne Tribal Court. The court dismissed a federal indictment that had been brought against Bryant under 18 U.S.C § 117, which makes it a felony to commit domestic violence against a spouse or partner in Indian country if the perpetrator has at least two prior domestic abuse convictions, because Bryant’s convictions did “not comport with the Sixth Amendment right to counsel.” The Ninth Circuit decision jeopardizes the health and safety of Native American women and stymies federal efforts to prosecute domestic violence in Indian country. Available studies suggest domestic abuse is a grave concern among indigenous communities. For instance, over half of indigenous women respondents to a Department of Justice survey reported being stalked, physically assaulted, or raped during their lifetimes. But the stakes of the case also extend to the legitimacy of tribal courts. Because federal courts often allow the use of foreign convictions as predicate offenses or factor them into sentencing decisions, even where those convictions would have violated the U.S. Constitution if obtained domestically, the Ninth Circuit’s rejection of the uncounseled conviction in United States v. Bryant implicitly suggested that tribal courts are less reliable fora than many foreign courts. This year the Supreme Court will have the opportunity to repudiate the Ninth Circuit’s distrust of tribal court procedures and affirm its commitment to the integrity of tribal courts.
Parameter monitoring and control of the friction stir welding process
Authors:   Kalinin A.G. Ilin S.A. Andreev V.A. Semenov L.A. Andreeva T.V. Vasilev P.A.
Published: April 2022

A control algorithm and the implementation example of a corresponding control system for a friction welding machine designed for experimental work on the friction stir welding technology of large-sized products from aluminum alloys are described. Brief characteristics of the experimental-industrial installation «Malachite» are given. A method to control the welding mode for the process automation according to the main drive power is found. The emergency events separation for automatic friction stir welding is introduced. The application of optical communication between equipment for mode control and unification of panel solutions for friction stir welding is tested.

Keywords
friction stir welding, aluminum alloys, welded assemblies from aluminum alloys, welding process automation, pure welding technologies, optical communication
THE STUDY OF CODE-SWITCHING IN TWIVORTIARE MOVIE
Authors: Dira Benito , Lazar Paskalina Dwi Intan Bui
Published: April 2022

Language plays a critical role in engaging communication against each other in every community as it helps speakers to extend their comprehension and to provide insights, viewpoints, and perspectives in society. Individuals occasionally change from one language to another in bilingual societies around the world to fulfill communication requirements. This is regarded as code-switching. Thus, this current study focuses on the usage of code-switching specifically in an Indonesian film, Twivortiare. The researcher clarifies its investigation by implementing the qualitative descriptive method. The method, therefore, will be used to transcribe the data gathered by the researcher, and afterward, the next phase which is analyzing will begin. Data will be taken from conversations between the characters in the Twivortiare film that has been transcribed. In the analyzing phase, researchers applied a document analysis method which prioritizing on conversation analysis. The findings of the study reveal that the film is utilizing all of the three categories of code-switching: Intra-sentential, Inter-sentential, and Tag Switching. The language which is used is mostly from daily conversation. Some medical and financial terms are also employed because it is intertwined between the character's development and the plot of the story.
Peran Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Menumbuhkan Karakter Religius Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Putri Embarianiyati , Husmidar Diana
Published: April 2022

Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan upaya guru PAI dalam menumbuhkan karakter religius pada siswa. Metode Penelitian: Jenis dari penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Untuk mendapatkan data yang ingin diperoleh, peneliti menggunakan jenis data primer dan sekunder yang terdiri dari observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Temuan Utama: Adanya pembiasaan karakter religius seperti membaca yasin setiap pagi jumat, membaca doa ketia memulai dan selesai pembelajaran. Keterbaruan Penelitian: Untuk membiasakan siswa dalam menumbuhkan karakter religius baik dilingkungan sekolah maupun dilingkungan rumah.. Bermanfaat bagi siswa sekolah dasar didaeah kecamatan mandiangin dalam bidang disipilin ilmu agama
Metode Penanaman Nilai Moral Peserta Didik Melalui Pendidikan Agama Islam di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Mardiana Mardiana , Nugroho Muhammad Toto
Published: April 2022

Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Penanaman Nilai-nilai Moral Peserta Didik di Sekolah Dasar Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif, tekhnik pengumpulan data yaitu dengan melakukan wawancara bebas kepaa informan dan melakukan dokumentasi, dalam hal ini wawancara dilakukan secara bebas dan tidak terikat untuk mengetahui penanamman nilai moral peserta didik pada pembelajaran PAI di SD. Temuan Utama: Setelah melakukan penelitian, dan mendapat sebuah hasil yaitu penanaman nilai moral peserta didik pada pembelajaran pendidikan agama islam dapat dilakukan dengan bercerita, demonstrasi, pemberian tugas, pembiasaan Keterbaruan Penelitian: Penelitian ini dapat digunakan oleh guru-guru disekolah dasar sebagai bahan pembelajaran agar mengetahui cara-cara penanaman nilai moral kepada peserta didik sekolah dasar pada pembelajaran PAI
From Learning How to Manage A Pandemic to Learning How to Be More Sustainable: Covid-19 Crisis Management and Double-Level Learning
Authors: CHANEY Damien
Published: April 2022

Using an organizational learning lens, this article examines how Thailand as a destination has learned lessons from the Covid-19 crisis. Two levels of learning are identified: a first level of learning, in which the destination learns directly from the crisis (i.e., from managing the pandemic) and a second level of learning, which is disconnected from the initial subject of the crisis (i.e., overtourism and sustainability). The data shows that this double-level learning was possible due to an intermediate step that helps making the link between the management of the crisis and the management of sustainability. The article suggests that the Covid-19 crisis has given opportunities for tourism actors to draw lessons on the management of overtourism and sustainability, even though the initial crisis was a health crisis and not an ecological one.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF THE SPHERE OF TOURISM IN THE SYSTEM OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC RELATIONS
Authors: Dyshlovoy Igor Nikolaevich , Filatova Maria Sergeevna
Published: April 2022

Tourism, at the present stage of development of economic systems, is one of the most dynamically developing areas. Its growth rates are almost twice as high as those of other sectors of the world economy. With the change in the needs of tourists, the concept of tourism itself will also change, but at the same time the opinion remains that tourism is the movement of a person from his usual environment in order to satisfy his needs (health, spiritual, cognitive, etc.) to other conditions. Changing needs of tourists contributes to the development of the tourism industry.
Under the current conditions, tourism enterprises cannot independently attract tourists, which justifies the need to develop the tourism sector as a combination of interacting elements of state and commercial structures, various industries located on the same territory, the purpose of which is to form a positive tourist image of the country and / or to make a profit. The interaction of tourism participants should be carried out in several stages: in the development of tourism policies and in the direct provision of services to tourists.
To ensure the development of the country’s tourism sector, it is necessary to develop a static accounting methodology that takes into account all the factors influencing it, the data of which will be the basis for the development of state policy in the field of tourism. In order to increase the efficiency of interaction between participants in the tourism sector, it becomes necessary to develop a mechanism for the interaction of all participants in the tourism sector.
The development of the tourism sector will ensure the growth of a number of socio-economic indicators of the country’s development, as well as will allow to neutralize the influence of negative factors. The development of the tourism sector will contribute to the formation of a positive image of the country, improve the quality of tourist services, which will attract tourists, as well as have a positive effect on the socio-economic indicators of the country’s development
ALGORITHM OF FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT OF THE ENTERPRISE
Authors: Shalneva Vlasta Vital’evna , Dyatel Vitaly Nikolaevich
Published: April 2022

The article proposes an algorithm for managing the financial risks of an enterprise, which allows for a multivariate analysis of the development of a risk situation and an assessment of the feasibility of management measures. A model of the formation of an attribute space for diagnosing the financial condition of an enterprise has been developed, which allows obtaining a system of representative indicators characterizing the financial condition of an enterprise. A model for assessing the degree of financial risk has been built, which allows identifying the degree of financial risk based on changes in the financial condition of an enterprise. As a result of developing a model for choosing anti-risk measures, a set of actions was obtained to eliminate the consequences of financial risks, and their feasibility was assessed. A set of scenarios for the development of a risk situation at an enterprise has been built, which reduce the impact of financial risks in all areas of the enterprise.
The constructed model allows, on the basis of multivariate scenario forecasts, to select anti-risk measures that can reduce the impact of financial risks. The assessment of the feasibility of implementing these measures has been carried out.
CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES TO THE INTERPRETATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY
Authors: Kifiak Anna Viktorovna
Published: April 2022

The persisting interregional imbalances in the level of socio-economic development of the country’s regions and the absence of a unified state regulatory framework (specifying the goals, objectives, mechanisms and instruments of regional development) «revives» the question of interpreting the term «regional policy» itself. In such conditions, the assessment of the effectiveness of regional economic policy (REP) becomes not only dependent on the subjective interests of researchers, but also multivariate according to the applied methodological approaches. However, outside the context of a clear positioning of the content of basic terms in a given object-subject area, it becomes unlikely that a reasonable adjustment of the applied measures to optimize the socio-economic development of the region becomes.
The article examines the factors that significantly affect the spatial development of the economy of the country’s regions. An overview analysis of conceptual approaches to the interpretation of the sources of economic growth is carried out. The specific features of macro- and micro-approaches to assessing the effectiveness of measures to support regions are characterized and a subjective model of the «pyramid» of regional development factors is presented. On the basis of the author’s interpretation of the term «efficiency of regional economic policy», general conclusions are presented on the dynamics of the emerging research mainstream in domestic publications and in the context of the effectiveness of tools for implementing the selected REU model. The alternative points of view on the feasibility of using specific indicators for assessing regional economic policy, proposed by domestic and foreign researchers, are presented. Taking into account the key problems in the changing geo-economic dynamics, a primary review of two basic approaches to the study of the specifics of the problems of the country’s regions is carried out
Post-Soviet Space in the Context of Russia–West Relations: Problems and Prospects
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Luk’yanov Vladimir Yu.
Published: April 2022

This article analyses the problems of the рost-Soviet space as the most important factors affecting both Russia–West (US–Russia in the first place) relations and global geopolitical processes. The development of the approaches of Russia and the West to the former Soviet republics during the 1990s and 2020s is analysed. The evolution of Russia’s foreign policy in the post-Soviet space is demonstrated: from uncertainty during the 1990s to a tough, forceful defence of the country’s geopolitical interests in the region in the 2000s – 2020s. Further, key stages of Russia’s foreign policy are considered: the foundation of the Collective Security Treaty Organization and Eurasian Economic Union, the Russo-Georgian War of 2008, and the accession of Crimea to Russia in 2014. In addition, the main concepts and projects of the West are analysed here, i.e. Z. Brzeziński’s concept of geopolitical pluralism, A. Lake’s democratic enlargement, the Eastern Partnership project, and NATO’s eastward expansion. Moreover, the paper demonstrates the gradual deterioration of Russia–West relations in the post-Soviet space, the latter being transformed into a region of relentless rivalry between the two parties. The author concludes that relations between Russia and the West in the post-Soviet space have practically reached a dead end. Both Russia and the West have adopted a position of deliberate denial and condemnation of steps taken by the opposing side. In conclusion, the author attempts to forecast the development of the situation in the post-Soviet space and suggests ways to solve the existing problems.