bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BELGESEL SİNEMADA SINIFLANDIRMA SORUNU
Authors: ÖNGEN Orkun
Published: June 2021

Belgesel sinema gerçeğe en yakın sinema türü olarak tanımlansa da vuku bulan gerçekliğin perdedeki temsili başlı başına bir sorundur. Fiziksel dünyanın gerçeği sinema perdesinde yönetmenin alıcı/kamera vasıtasıyla yapmış olduğu seçimler doğrultusunda yeniden inşa edilir. Bu seçimlerin gerçeği ne derece temsil ettiği mecranın doğasından ötürü kesin olarak bilinemez. Belgesel sinema akımlarının her birinin kendi söylemlerinde savunmuş olduğu gerçeklik arayışı/vurgusu gerçeğin bilinmez doğasından ötürü anlamsal karışıklıklara yol açmaktadır. Belgesel türlerinde sınıflandırma yapmanın temel güçlüğü bu kavram kargaşasında yatar. Kavramların hem kendi dilimize yapılmış çevirileri hem de diğer dillerde karşılık geldiği anlamlar çoğu zaman birbirini tam olarak karşılamamaktadır. Bu durum belgesel sinema biçimlerinin belirli alt başlıklar altında kati bir şekilde sınıflandırılmasını güçleştirmektedir. Bir diğer etken gerçek kavramının tam olarak anlaşılamayıp tanımlanamamasında yatar. Belgesellerin gerçeklik arayışları çoğu zaman o belgeseli çeken yönetmenin bağlı olduğu etik değerlere ilişkin bir meseledir. Bu nedenle yönetmenin çektiği belgesel filmde savunmuş olduğu gerçeklik arayışı bağlı olduğu öznel etik değerler ile ilgili bir sorundur dolayısıyla her zaman eleştiriye ve sorgulamaya açıktır. Bu çalışmada, belgesel tanımı ve öncü belgesel filmler üzerinden yola çıkılarak belirli akım ve filmler üzerinden belgeselde gerçeklik sorunu tartışılacaktır. Bu tartışma sonucunda konusu ve anlatısı üzerinden eleştirel bir bakış açısı çerçevesinde sorgulanan filmlerin, gerçeği ne derece yansıtıp yansıtmadığı ilgili başlıklar altında tartışılacaktır. Yapılan tespit ve çıkarımlar sonucunda belgesel film türlerinin sınıflandırılması ile ilgili örnek bir tablo oluşturularak, yapılmak istenen sınıflandırmalarda dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlar açıklanacaktır. Yapılan bu sınıflandırma tablosu kesin bir ölçüm ve sınıflandırmadan ziyade bireysel yargılara dayanmaktadır. Bu bireysel yargıyı oluşturan kalitatif değerlendirmelerin nedenleri, yapılan çıkarımlar ile birlikte çalışmanın ilgili bölümlerinde açıklanmaktadır. Belgesel film türlerinin sınıflandırılması üzerine yapılacak diğer çalışmalarda ortaya çıkacak sorunların kaynağını göstermek ve konu hakkında belirli bir sınıflandırmanın nasıl ve ne şekilde yapılması gerektiği hakkında bilgi vermek amacıyla hazırlanmış bir çalışmadır.
Requirement of Propofol Target Controlled Infusion for Supraglottic Airway Device v1
Authors: not provided oomaliwa
Published: June 2021

Second-generation supraglottic airway (SGA) devices with a gastric port have been developed. The structure of these devices consists of a double lumen or bite block, which is big and strong. Several studies have demonstrated the induction of anesthesia using an infusion of propofol with different plasma target concentrations. However, there is no study showing the effect-site concentration of propofol target controlled infusion (TCI) for second-generation SGA device insertion. Methods: The study was approved by the ethics committee of Songklanagarind Hospital in Songkhla, Thailand. Forty patients were randomly allocated into four groups. The first patient of each group received a propofol TCI effect-site concentration of 4 µg/ml. Propofol targets were determined by means of the modified Dixon's up-and-down method. After equilibration was established between the plasma and effect-site concentrations, the I-gel™, Supreme™, ProSeal™ and Laryngeal Tube Suction II™ were inserted in each group. The propofol concentration was recorded after a successful insertion was achieved. Secondary outcomes included overall hemodynamic response and complications. A statistical analysis was performed using the R-4.0.2 program (R Core Team, 2021). The differences in characteristics among the four groups were tested with Fisher's exact test when the variables were categorical data. The Kruskal Wallis (non-parametric) test was used for continuous variables such as age and weight while median and range were displayed. P values of < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.
Evaluation of apparent diffusion coefficient in endometrial carcinoma compared to normal endometrium: a retrospective study
Authors: Easo Anu Sarah , Anand Rajeev , Issac Mini
Published: June 2021

Background: To determine whether diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with measurement of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) will help in differentiating endometrial cancer from normal endometrium and to determine whether the grades of endometrial cancer will show significant difference in ADC values.Methods: This is a retrospective study done in MOSC medical college hospital Kolencherry. on patients on whom preoperative MRI was done before hysterectomy. Cases from July 2017 to March 2021 were included. Study cases included 40 females with pathologically confirmed endometrial cancer and 30 females with pathologically proven normal endometrium in cases of uterine leiomyoma and cervical cancer. The exclusion criteria for the study were patients with endometrial cancer in whom surgery was not done within 2 weeks of MRI, patients who were treated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy before surgery, patients who had hydrometra or pyometra.Results: The mean ADC value (10−3 mm2/second) of endometrial cancer was 0.77±0.04, which was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of normal endometrium (1.323±0.05). The ADC values of different grades of endometrial cancers did not show any statistically significant difference (p>0.05).Conclusions: Our study showed that ADC measurement can differentiate between normal endometrium and endometrial cancer. The ADC values of different grades of endometrial cancers did not show any statistically significant difference.
Experimental Measurement of Conducted Emissions Generated by Static Converters in Common and Differential Modes
Authors: Slimani Helima , Zeghoudi Abdelhakim , Bendaoud Abdelber , Reguig Abdeldjalil , Benazza Baghdadi , Benhadda Nassireddine
Published: June 2021

The commutation of semiconductors and their interactions with parasitic elements linked to the environment is known to be the main source of interferences conducted in power electronic converters. Thus, identifying these sources of interferences in commutation cells and determining the level of these conducted emissions generated in energy conversion systems presents a major challenge for designers. In this work, a study of the electromagnetic interferences (EMI) generated by the association of serial rectifier-chopper connected to a Line Impedance Stabilization Network (LISN) is proposed, in which a determination of these interferences is presented in both common and differential modes. All simulations are carried out using the LT-spice software and the results obtained are validated by experimental measurements realized at APELEC laboratory (University of Sidi Bel-Abbes, Algeria).
Pharmacovigilance
Authors: Jose Jimmy , Al Rubaie Mohammed H , Al Ramimy Hussain , Varughese Shirly S
Published: June 2021

NONE
How the COVID-19 Pandemic Affects the Definition of a Condition?
Authors: Rafiei Mona , Memari Amirhossein
Published: June 2021

NONE
Assessing Barriers to Insulin Therapy among Omani Diabetic Patients Attending Three Main Diabetes Clinics in Muscat, Oman
Authors: Al Futaisi Abdulla , Alosali Magdi , Al-Kazrooni Ali , Al-Qassabi Salim , Al-Gharabi Sumaia , Panchatcharam Sathiya , Al-Mahrezi Abdulaziz M
Published: June 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the main barriers that prevent patients with diabetes mellitus from accepting insulin therapy. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from May to December 2019. Convenience sampling was used to recruit participants from three diabetes clinics in Muscat, Oman. Eligible participants were interviewed in person based on a pre-prepared questionnaire. The questionnaire, which was administered in Arabic, includes demographic data and 19 specific items on barriers to insulin therapy. Results: A total of 201 participants (response rate: 93%) were enrolled in the study. The most common barriers were as follows: concern of frequent blood glucose checking (36.3%), long-term injections (33.8%), side-effects of insulin (29.9%) and weight gain (29.4%). Needle phobia was considered a barrier by only 9% of the participants. Overall, 125 (62.2%) participants were willing to initiate insulin therapy despite the presence of these barriers and only 20 (10%) of them were influenced by these barriers to such a degree that they rejected the insulin therapy. Conclusion: The majority of participants had no identifiable reasons to stop them from accepting insulin therapy. Effective strategies should be developed to address each of the main barriers to improve acceptance and adherence to insulin therapy.Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus; Insulin; Treatment Refusal; Needles; Phobic Disorders; Hypoglycemia; Weight Gain; Oman.
Critique of radical religious paradigm: an epistemological analysis from principles of Islamic thought
Authors: Rohayana Ade Dedi , Sofi Muhammad Jauhari
Published: June 2021

As one important factor enabling Islamophobia, radicalism has been a global issue endangering personal safety and public security. It is strongly associated with incorrect understanding of religious doctrines. This paper aims to present a critique of religious paradigm promoted by the radical groups from principles of Islamic thought (usul fiqh) perspective. Using epistemological analysis to uncover the nature of their religious understanding and its justification, this study argues that radical religious paradigm is characterized with monolithic, textual, and rigid interpretation of the sacred texts. According to the radical groups, the sources of Islamic laws or teachings are restricted to only the Quran and the hadith, leaving no space for alternative interpretations. They do not give a place for ra’yu (reason) in determining the laws or teachings. In the other hands, usul fiqh maintains that the sources of the Islamic laws or teachings are not restricted to only the two said sources; it also gives a place for ra’yu (reason). From usul fiqh perspective, the sources can also be found in the form of isyarah (signalling) and ruh (spirit) of the Quran and the hadith. In this sense, usul fiqh refuses the literal interpretation proposed by the radical groups since not all of the texts in the Quran and the hadith can be understood literally.
Worldview, religion, and urban growth: a geopolitical perspective on geography of power and conception of space during Islamization in Java, Indonesia
Authors: Setiadi Hafid
Published: June 2021

Discussion of Islamization is not only associated with the spread of religious values but also related to the activity of trade and the opening of the new lands. In Java, all three of these themes have occurred simultaneously and then experienced rapid development since the 15th century. During the 15th and 17th centuries, many Islamic kingdoms rose and fell by turns with variuos ideology and their economic and political motives. As a result, Java experienced a complex of territorialization. By a spatial-historical approach, this article shows how territorialization affects the fashion of the emergence and collapse of the cities in Java. The spatial dynamics of urban growth reflected changes in political space production run by each ruling actor. The city played a significant role as a symbol and an identity of the political power of the dominant regime.
Türkiye’de Finansal Erişimin Gecikmeli Etkisi: Katılım Bankaları Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: ERGÜN Tolga , OK ERGÜN Hilal
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye bankacılık sektöründe her geçen gün büyümeye ve gelişmeye devam eden katılım bankacılığı sektöründe, finansal erişimin gecikmeli etkisini araştırmaktır. Çalışmada, katılım bankacılığı sektörü göstergesi olarak toplam aktif büyüklük, kullandırılan fonlar ve toplanan fonlar, finansal erişim göstergesi olarak da finansal kurumlara erişim endeksi kullanılarak üç adet araştırma modeli geliştirilmiştir. Ekonometrik analiz sonucunda, üç araştırma modeli için de finansal erişim düzeyinin katılım bankalarının toplam aktif büyüklüğünü, toplanan fon büyüklüğünü ve kullandırılan fon büyüklüğünü cari dönem ve sonrasındaki iki yıl boyunca istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitif yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir.
Bazı Mimarî Yapılar ve Tamamlayıcı Öğelerin 16. Yüzyıl Osmanlı Şiirine Yansımaları
Authors: ABBASOĞULLARI Gülcan
Published: June 2021

Osmanlı medeniyetinde gerek edebiyat gerekse mimârî gibi sanatsal pek çok alanda eserler ortaya konulmuştur. İkisinde de İslam medeniyetine ait inanç ve kültür değerlerini ön plana çıkaran çeşitli semboller dikkat çekmektedir. Öyle ki İslam medeniyetine bakıldığında bu sembollerin bir parçası olan mimârî öğelerin çoğu, tesadüfe imkân verilmeden İslâm temelli çeşitli anlam katmanlarına haiz kılınmıştır. Bu çalışmada Osmanlı medeniyetinin sanatsal anlamda en çok uğraş verdiği alanlardan birinin de mimârî olduğundan yola çıkılarak, bu sanatın başka bir sanat dalı olan edebiyatla nasıl bir ilişki içerisinde olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Osmanlı medeniyetinin mimârî anlamda kendini gösterdiği ve sembolik yapılar ortaya koyduğu 16. yüzyılın Osmanlı şiiri temel alınmış, câmi‘/mescit mimârîsi ve tamamlayıcı öğeler, bir de diğer mimârî yapılar olmak üzere iki genel başlık altında konu incelenmiştir.
A VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA A MULHER RESSIGNIFICADA NOS AMBIENTES CIBERNÉTICOS
Authors: Barbosa Gomes Vago Natália
Published: June 2021

Este ensaio pretende analisar como a violência contra a mulher é ressignificada por meio da internet no romance Mulheres Empilhadas, de Patrícia Melo, cujo universo temático e estratégias discursivas rompem não só com as perspectivas da crítica literária feminista mais contemporânea, mas com o sistema ideológico machista e misógino. O objetivo é apontar de que maneira a violência contra a mulher extrapola os limites físicos e sexuais, estendendo-se aos ambientes cibernéticos, de modo que se torne instrumento de vingança, perversão e formação de comportamentos masculinos, cujos atos contra a mulher, vistos pela ótica de uma narradora, pode retratar uma nova realidade da violência no Brasil.
O TRABALHO DA MEMÓRIA PELA COMISSÃO DA VERDADE EM VOLTA REDONDA
Authors: Assis Lúcia Maria de
Published: June 2021

Entrevista com o professor Edgard Domingos Aparecida Tonolli Bedê, pesquisador e relator da Comissão da Verdade Dom Waldyr Calheiros, da cidade de Volta Redonda, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A entrevista realizada em maio/junho de 2021, por meio de e-mail em função mesmo da pandemia de Covid-19, objetivou compreender os processos que geraram o relatório que mobilizou 28 pesquisadores entre 2013 e 2015 e que leva o nome de Dom Waldyr, um dos principais atores da luta política na região sul do Vale do Paraíba.
O GOLPE DE 1964 NA ORDEM DO DIA
Authors: Mariani Bethania , Maciel Carlos Leite Milene , Silva Ariana da Rosa
Published: June 2021

Este artigo, filiado ao arcabouço teórico da Análise do Discurso materialista, considerando, especialmente, os conceitos de memória, silêncio, historicidade, propõe um gesto de análise de três documentos institucionais emitidos pelo Ministério da Defesa do atual governo nos anos de 2019, 2020 e 2021 que consistem na Ordem do Dia Alusiva ao 31 de Março de 1964. O principal objetivo é compreender de que modo essas notas oficiais de comemoração/rememoração do golpe de 1964 emitidas do lugar institucional do governo federal produzem sentidos sobre a violência de Estado exercida no período ditatorial.
NOTAS SOBRE LEITURA E A QUEBRA DO CÍRCULO DE VIOLÊNCIA
Authors: Sousa Inácia Neta Brilhante de , Medeiros Valéria Silva
Published: June 2021

A leitura do texto literário é uma das atividades privilegiadas no contexto da educação formal, dada a revolução que pode operar na vida de quem consegue dela se apropriar, incorporando-a a outras práticas da vida, mesmo que esparsamente. Pode parecer chavão, mas ler efetivamente amplia, de um jeito ou de outro, os horizontes das pessoas. A Educação em contexto prisional contempla os direitos humanos e o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana. Assim, surge a remição penal, que oportuniza ao interno abreviar o tempo imposto pela sentença, mediante trabalho, estudo e, recentemente, disciplinado pela Recomendação n. 44/2013, do Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ), a remição de pena pela leitura. Este texto, que objetiva apresentar a implantação e execução do Projeto "Remição pela Leitura", na Unidade Prisional de Imperatriz-MA, como instituto jurídico com função ressocializadora a partir de textos literários, destaca o Projeto “Leitura interativa: hábitos de leitura e reflexão como condicionantes da remição de pena”.
ENTRE FIOS: LINIANE HAAG BRUM E MARIA PILLA
Authors: Oliveira Hibrahima Nelia , Viana Natália Moreira
Published: June 2021

Resumo: Este artigo visa apresentar as obras literárias de Liniane Haag Brum intitulada Antes do Passado: o silêncio que vem do Araguaia (2010) e de Maria Pilla intitulada Volto Semana que vem (2015). Ambas as obras possuem como base o período ditatorial, em Antes do Passado, em foco a Guerrilha do Araguaia e em Volto Semana que vem as ditaduras do Brasil e da Argentina. Tanto Brum, quanto Liniane em seus testemunhos mostram seus traumas ocasionados pela violência de Estado, e através de suas memórias viabilizam um arquivo da ditadura.
Resepsi Remaja Terhadap Dampak Pergaulan Bebas Di Dalam Film Dua Garis Biru
Authors: Pratama Rafly , Suhadi Mahardiansyah , Yusuf Rifky Anindiya
Published: June 2021

The film is one of the mass communication media which has a big influence on society at large. a film is also a form of a message consisting of various symbols and signs that form a meaning system so that it can be interpreted by each person differently, depending on the person's reference and ability to grasp the meaning conveyed. The film Dua Lines Biru by Gina S. Noer takes the theme of teenage pregnancy in promiscuity. The interpretation of the conflict in this film scene becomes the background for the research to see the reception of the audience or the public in watching the film Dua Garis Biru. The purpose of this study was to analyze the reception of adolescent audiences on the impact of promiscuity in the film Dua Garis Biru. This research uses a qualitative method with an analytical approach to encoding and decoding theory from Stuart Hall, which observes the audience's position on the meaning of a work. An understanding of the impact of promiscuity in the film Two Blue Lines. The results of this study the audience dominates the Hemegony Position which means the message is conveyed and the audience accepts the meaning or message as it is. But several scenes are in the Negotiated Position and Oppositional Position because the informant has its own alternative meaning or reference in certain scenes.
Implementasi Lean Hospital dalam Meningkatkan Pelayanan Rawat Jalan Poliklinik Penyakit Dalam
Authors: Kurniasih Dewi , Nuryakin Nuryakin , Pribadi Firman
Published: June 2021

Permasalahan yang umum terjadi dalam pelayanan rawat jalan di rumah sakit adalah lamanya waktu tunggu, proses administrasi, ketersediaan informasi, dan yang lainnya. Salah satu pendekatan perbaikan kualitas yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lean hospital dengan tujuan untuk mencapai efektivitas dan efisiensi penggunaan waktu, tenaga kerja, ruang, dan sumber daya lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran value stream mapping (VSM), menganalisa hal yang menjadi waste, dan usulan perbaikan menggunakan pendekatan lean hospital pada pelayanan rawat jalan poliklnik penyakit dalam RS “X” di Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui observasi langsung, wawancara mendalam dan telaah dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai Non Value Added tertinggi adalah pada unit poliklinik yaitu sebesar (97,09%) dengan Value Added sebesar (2,91%) dan waiting time (107,22 menit) pada pelayanan pasien non-asuransi dengan pemeriksaan penunjang. Waste yang terjadi berupa waste of waiting, transportation, overproduction, overprocessing, inventory, motion, human potential dan defect. Dari hasil fishbone diagram diketahui bahwa akar penyebab masalah yang terjadi di unit poliklinik adalah dalam hal manajemen, peralatan, layout, petugas dan sistem informasi. Usulan perbaikan yang dapat diberikan berupa usulan jangka pendek, jangka menengah dan jangka panjang. 

Kata kunci: rawat jalan, lean hospital, waste, value added, non value added, VSM
The Unequal Efficacy of Vinegar in First Aid Protocols for Pelagia noctiluca (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) and Carybdea marsupialis (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) Stings
Authors: Ballesteros Ainara , Marambio Macarena , Fuentes Verónica , Narda Mridvika , Santín Andreu , Gili Josep Maria
Published: June 2021

Although the jellyfish species that inhabit the Mediterranean coastal waters are not lethal, their sting can cause severe pain and systemic effects that pose a health risk to humans. Despite the frequent occurrence of jellyfish stings, currently no consensus exists regarding the most appropriate first aid protocol among the scientific community. Over the years, several different rinse solutions have been proposed of which vinegar, or acetic acid, is one of the most noticeable as a rinse solution with efficacy data published. We investigated the effect of vinegar and seawater on the nematocyst discharge process in species representative of the Mediterranean region such as Pelagia noctiluca (Scyphozoa) and Carybdea marsupialis (Cubozoa) by means of: (1) direct observation on the nematocyst discharge by light microscope (Tentacle solution assay) and (2) the quantification of hemolytic area (Tentacle skin blood agarose assay). The nematocyst discharge of both species was not stimulated by seawater, and it was classified as a neutral solution. In P. noctiluca, vinegar produced nematocyst discharge per ser while inhibiting the nematocyst discharge of C. marsupilais. These results suggest that the use of vinegar cannot be universally recommended. While in case of a cubozoan C. marsupialis sting, the inhibitory effect of vinegar makes it the best rinse solution par excellence, in case of a scyphozoan P. noctiluca sting, its application can be counterproductive, worsening the pain and discomfort of the stung area.
Japanese Honeybees (Apis Cerana Japonica Radoszkowski, 1877) May Be Resilient to Land Use Change
Authors: Donkersley Philip , Covell Lucy , Ota Takahiro
Published: June 2021

Pollinators are being threatened globally by urbanisation and agricultural intensification, driven by a growing human population. Honeybees are part of a wide suite of insect pollinators with a global distribution. Understanding the impacts of landscape change and other influencing factors on pollinators is critical to ensuring food security and ecological stability. Remote sensing data on land use attributes have previously linked honeybee nutrition to land use in the Western Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.). Our study presents preliminary data comparing forage (honey and pollen) with land use across a rural-urban gradient from 22 sites in Kyushu, Southern Japan. Honey samples were collected from managed hives between June 2018 and August 2019. Pollen were collected and biotyped from hives in urban and rural locations (n = 5). Previous studies of western honeybee honey shows substantial variation in monosaccharide content. Our analysis of A. cerana japonica honey found very little variation in glucose and fructose (which accounted for 97% of monosaccharides), despite substantial differences in surrounding forage composition. As expected, we observed temporal variation in pollen foraged by A. cerana japonica, likely dependent on flowering phenology. These results suggest that A. cerana japonica may be resilient previously observed negative effects of urban land use on pollinator nutrition. We suggest this effect could be due to differences in urban green infrastructure in Japan, or due to an adaptation by A. cerana japonica to their surroundings, meaning landscape change may not be as detrimental to A. cerana japonica as has been observed elsewhere in the world.
Microfluidic Platforms to Unravel Mysteries of Alzheimer’s Disease: How Far have We Come?
Authors: Prasanna Pragya , Rathee Shweta , Rahul V. , Chandra M.S. , Jha Niraj Kumar , Villa Chiara , Jha Saurabh Kumar
Published: June 2021

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a significant health concern worldwide with enormous social and economic impact globally. The gradual deterioration of cognitive functions and irreversible neuronal losses are primary etiological features of the disease. Even after decades of research, most therapeutic options are merely symptomatic, and drugs in clinical practice present numerous side effects. Lack of effective diagnostic techniques prevents the early prognosis of disease, resulting in a gradual deterioration in the quality of life. Furthermore, the mechanism of cognitive impairment and AD pathophysiology is poorly understood. Microfluidics exploits different microscale properties of fluids to mimic environments on microfluidic chip-like devices. These miniature multichambered devices can be used to grow cells and 3D tissues in vitro, analyze cell-to-cell communication, decipher the roles of neural cells like microglia, and gain insights into AD pathophysiology. This review focuses on the applications and impact of microfluidics on AD research. We discuss the technical challenges and possible solutions provided by this new cutting-edge technique to understand disease-associated pathways and mechanisms.
Functional Characterization of the Oxantel-Sensitive Acetylcholine Receptor from Trichuris muris
Authors: Hansen Tina V. A. , Grencis Richard K. , Issouf Mohamed , Neveu Cédric , Charvet Claude L.
Published: June 2021

The human whipworm, Trichuris trichiura, is estimated to infect 289.6 million people globally. Control of human trichuriasis is a particular challenge, as most anthelmintics have a limited single-dose efficacy, with the striking exception of the narrow-spectrum anthelmintic, oxantel. We recently identified a novel ACR-16-like subunit from the pig whipworm, T. suis which gave rise to a functional acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) preferentially activated by oxantel. However, there is no ion channel described in the mouse model parasite T. muris so far. Here, we have identified the ACR-16-like and ACR-19 subunits from T. muris, and performed the functional characterization of the receptors in Xenopus laevis oocytes using two-electrode voltage-clamp electrophysiology. We found that the ACR-16-like subunit from T. muris formed a homomeric receptor gated by acetylcholine whereas the ACR-19 failed to create a functional channel. The subsequent pharmacological analysis of the Tmu-ACR-16-like receptor revealed that acetylcholine and oxantel were equally potent. The Tmu-ACR-16-like was more responsive to the toxic agonist epibatidine, but insensitive to pyrantel, in contrast to the Tsu-ACR-16-like receptor. These findings confirm that the ACR-16-like nAChR from Trichuris spp. is a preferential drug-target for oxantel, and highlights the pharmacological difference between Trichuris species.
Inevitable Variance of Electric Field of Plasma Membrane
Authors: Delalande Bernard , Tamagawa Hirohisa , Mulembo Titus , Matveev Vladimir
Published: June 2021

An embryonic version of membrane theory can be date back to the Bernstein's work reported more than a hundred years ago. Such an originally old work has evolved conceptually and mathematically up until today, and it plays a central role in current membrane theory. Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation (GHK eq.) is one of the math-based monumental works, which constitutes the present membrane theory. Goldman theoretically derived GHK eq., but its physiological meaning was provided by the two renowned scientists, Hodgkin and Katz. These two employed an assumption that the electric field (EF) across the plasma membrane is constant to validate the GHK eq. physiologically. Proposal of Hodgkin-Huxley model (HH model) is another math-based monumental works developed from the membrane theory and now forms a fundamental part of the current membrane theory. GHK eq. and HH model are quite fundamental central concepts in the current physiology. Despite the broad acceptance of GHK eq. at present time, its prerequisite that the EF within the plasma membrane is constant is hardly believable. Especially when the action potential is generated, it sounds totally nonsense. Furthermore, the existence of constant EF within the plasma membrane is conceptually almost in conflict with the HH model. The authors will discuss those problematic issues the membrane theory inherits.
Long-term recovery of the fecal microbiome and metabolome of dogs with steroid-responsive enteropathy
Authors: Pilla Rachel , Guard Blake , Blake Amanda B , Ackermann Mark , Webb Craig , Hill Steve , Lidbury Jonathan A , Steiner Joerg M , Jergens Albert , Suchodolski Jan
Published: June 2021

The long-term impact of treatment of dogs with steroid-responsive enteropathy (SRE) on the fe-cal microbiome and metabolome has not been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the fecal microbiome and metabolome of dogs with SRE before, during, and following treatment with standard immunosuppressive therapy and an elimination diet. We retrospec-tively selected samples from 9 dogs with SRE enrolled in a previous clinical trial, which received treatment for 8 weeks, and had achieved remission as indicated by the post-treatment clinical scores. Long-term (1 year) samples were obtained from a subset (5/9) of dogs. Samples from 13 healthy dogs were included as controls (HC). We evaluated the microbiome using 16S rRNA sequencing and qPCR. To evaluate the recovery of gut function, we measured fecal metabolites using an untargeted approach. While improvement was observed for some bacterial taxa after 8 weeks of treatment, several bacterial taxa remained significantly different from HC. Seven-ty-five metabolites were altered in dogs with SRE, including increased fecal amino acids and vitamins, suggesting malabsorption as a component of SRE. One year after treatment, however, all bacterial species evaluated by qPCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and all but thirteen me-tabolites were no longer different from healthy controls.
Ruxolitinib Combined with Gemcitabine against Cholangiocarcinoma Growth via the jak2/stat1/3/aldh1a3 Pathway
Authors: Chung Shin-Yi , Hung Yi-Ping , Pan Yi-Ru , Chang Yu-Chan , Wu Chiao-En , Hsu Dennis Shin-Shian , Chang Peter Mu-Hsin , Lu Meng-Lun , Huang Chi-Ying F. , Su Yeu , Hsiao Michael , Yeh Chun-Nan , Chen Ming-Huang
Published: June 2021

Cholangiocarcinoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the bile duct. The current standard first-line treatment for advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma is gemcitabine and cisplatin. However, few effective treatment choices exist for refractory cholangiocarcinoma, and additional therapeutic drugs are urgently required. Our previous work demonstrated that the ALDH isoform 1A3 plays a vital role in the malignant behavior of cholangiocarcinoma and may serve as a new therapeutic target. In this study, we found a positive correlation between ALDH1A3 protein expression levels and cell migration abilities of three cholangiocarcinoma cell lines, which was verified using ALDH1A3-overexpressing and ALDH1A3-knockdown clones. We also used ALDH1A3-high and ALDH1A3-low populations of cholangiocarcinoma cell lines from the Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) program and assessed the effects of ruxolitinib, a commercially available JAK2 inhibitor. Ruxolitinib had a higher cytotoxic effect when combined with gemcitabine. Furthermore, the nuclear translocation STAT1 and STAT3 heterodimers were markedly diminished by ruxolitinib treatment, possibly resulting in decreased ALDH1A3 activation. Notably, ruxolitinib alone or combined with gemcitabine led to significantly reduced tumor size and weight. Collectively, our studies suggest that ruxolitinib might suppress the ALDH1A3 activation through the JAK2/STAT1/3 pathway in cholangiocarcinoma, and trials should be undertaken to evaluate its efficacy in clinical therapy.
De Novo Polycomb Recruitment: Lessons from Latent Herpesviruses
Authors: Dochnal Sara Anna , Francois Alison Katharine , Cliffe Anna Ruth
Published: June 2021

The Human Herpesviruses persist in the form of a latent infection in specialized cell types. During latency, the herpesvirus genomes associate with cellular histone proteins and the viral lytic genes assemble into transcriptionally repressive heterochromatin. Although there is divergence in the nature of heterochromatin on latent herpesvirus genomes, in general the genomes assemble into forms of heterochromatin that can convert to euchromatin to permit gene expression and therefore reactivation. This reversible form of heterochromatin is known as facultative heterochromatin and is most commonly characterized by polycomb silencing. Polycomb silencing is prevalent on the cellular genome and plays a role in developmentally regulated and imprinted genes, as well as X chromosome inactivation. As herpesviruses initially enter the cell in an un-chromatinized state, they provide an optimal system to study how de novo facultative heterochromatin is targeted to regions of DNA and how it contributes to silencing. Here, we describe how polycomb-mediated silencing potentially assembles onto herpesvirus genomes, synergizing what is known about herpesvirus latency with facultative heterochromatin targeting to the cellular genome. A greater understanding of polycomb silencing of herpesviruses will inform on the mechanism of persistence and reactivation of these pathogenic human viruses and provide clues regarding how de novo facultative heterochromatin forms on the cellular genome.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR GERAK DASAR PERMAINAN KIPPERS MELALUI MODIFIKASI ALAT PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Rifai Irsan , Kristyanto Agus
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this research was to improve the study result of basic movement in kippers on students in class 4B Bratan 1 State Elementary School No.71 Surakarta school year 2016/2017.
This research was a Class Action Research. This research was done in two cycles, with each cycle contains planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this research were 36 students in class 4B Bratan 1 State Elementary School No.71 Surakarta. The sources of data were from teachers, students, and researchers. The techniques of collecting data were observation, test. The validity of the data used data triangle technique. The technique of analyzing the data used descriptive technique which based on the quantitative analysis with percentage.
From the analysis, the result obtained from pre-cycle to cycle I and from cycle I to cycle II. This was observed from the study result of the students on pre-cycle. From 36 students, it was only 12 students who passed and 24 students who failed or with percentage 33,3% of students who pass and 66,7% of students who failed. Then the study result which was shown by students from cycle I showed the improvement of 20 students or 55,6% who passed and 16 students or 44,4% who failed. In cycle II, the improvement of the study result was 86,1% or 31 students who passed and 13,9% or 5 students who failed.
The conclusion of this research was using the modification of education tool could improve the study result of basic movement in kippers game on students in class 4B Bratan 1 State Elementary School No.71 Surakarta school year 2016/2017.
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MERODA SENAM LANTAI MELALUI PENGGUNAAN ALAT BANTU PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Saputro Sabdoadi Dany , Nugroho Djoko
Published: June 2021

This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of students of junior high school in the academic year 2017/2018 through the use of learning aids.This research is a classroom action research. This research was conducted in two cycles, with each cycle consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The research subjects were students of of junior high school amount 32 students. Sources of data in this study come from teachers and students. Data collection techniques are by observation and evaluation of learning outcomes. Data analysis used descriptive techniques based on qualitative analysis with percentages.The results of the analysis of research data can be presented as follows starting from pre-action to cycle I and from cycle I to cycle II. In pre-action, students have not shown good learning outcomes, excellent categories with a percentage of 0%, good categories with a percentage of 3.125% or 1 student from 32 students, enough categories with a percentage of 53.125% or 17 students from 32 students, less categories with percentages 37.5% or 12 students from 32 students, then the category is very low with a percentage of 6.25% or 2 students from 32 students. In the first cycle the category is very good with a percentage of 0%, a good category with a percentage of 3.125% or 1 student from 32 students, enough categories with a percentage of 68.75% or 22 students from 32 students, a category with a percentage of 28.125% or 9 students from 32 students, and very few categories with a percentage of 0%, from the data there can be a number of 23 students have reached the criteria of completion while 9 students have not yet completed. In cycle II it reached a very good percentage of 0%, a good category of 18.75% or 6 students of 32 students, quite a category of 65.625% or 21 students of 32 students, a category of 15.625% or 5 students of 32 students, and less than 0% . So that from the data it can be seen that 27 students reach the criteria of completion while 5 students have not finished with the number of students 32 students.The conclusion of this study is that the use of learning aids can improve the learning outcomes of floor gymnastics of junior high school.
PENGEMBANGAN TES BAKAT PENCAK SILAT
Authors: Syaifullah Rony
Published: June 2021

category which includes Anthropometic, Physiological, Biomotor and Technical. This research refers to the developmental research conveyed by Borg and Gall. From the instrument process, then it trials and applys into a small and a big sample. The result of experiment was made as the base of making Software which can be made as a model in conducting a test of talent identification especially on sport branch of Pencak Silat for age of 12-14. In the Model of this Test, there are 15 series of test consisting of Anthropometric of 4 test forms, Physiological of 3 test forms, Biomotor of 4 test forms and Tehnic 4 test forms. The results from 15 items of the test are then put in the software, a reference in the form of recommendation that the athlete candidate Has Talent of Pencak Silat, Has Enough Talent of Pencak Silat and Has Less Talent of Pencak Silat is obtained.
After obtaining the validity and the reliability of the test instrument and obtaining the norm of all test instruments and the weight of each test instrument, a software of talent test of pencak silat named “RS Silat Tallent Test”. It could be concluded that the result of this research was the arrangement of a model of tallent test especially for the sport branch of Pencak Silat for the athletes of the age of 12 up to 14 had been conducted named “RS Silat Tallent Test”.
Gambaran Fase Exhausted pada Mahasiswa yang Melakukan Kuliah Daring: Telaah General Adaptation Syndrome dan Psikologi Ghazalian
Authors: Rahmajati Erina
Published: June 2021

The changes in lecturing methods during the Covid-19 pandemic created special pressure for students. The pressures and changes that occur in an individual have an impact on the emergence of stressful conditions. In the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) approach, the stressors lead a stress response beginning from the alarm, resistance and Exhaustion phases. In particular, this study discusses the conditions in the last phase, namely the Exhaustion phase. This online lecturing lasts a long time, so it requires high performance from students, and how the conditions in this Exhaustion phase describe the condition of their performance so far. This study used an open questionnaire which revealed Exhaustion responses based on the GAS approach. The study involved 50 students consisting of students from semester 3 to semester 7. The results of this study showed that the Exhaustion conditions of students who conducted online lectures appeared physical responses in the form of physical fatigue such as dizziness, physical fatigue and eye problems. Meanwhile, the psychological response appears a feeling of relief and feelings of sadness and disappointment.
Long-term Experience of Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin Therapy in Primary Immunodeficient Patients with Low and Normal Body Weight
Authors: Gul Yahya , Kapakli Hasan , Guner Sukru Nail , Alan Havva Bozkurt , Sayar Esra Hazar , Keles Sevgi , Reisli Ismail
Published: June 2021

Purpose: The aim was to review the compliance, side effects and effectiveness of SCIG supplementation in patients with PID who had previously received IVIG therapy and subsequently switched to SCIG, as well as to compare these parameters in patients while considering body weight. Methods: Demographic data, clinical and laboratory findings, SCIG dose and side effects of 87 patients were retrospectively obtained from patient files.Results: Of the 87 patients aged between one and 22 years, 50 were male (57.5%) and 37 were female (42.5%). The serum IgG levels of the SCIG group were higher and more stable than those of the IVIG group. The number of hospitalizations and infections decreased significantly after initiation of SCIG. Thirteen patients (14.9%) had low body weight (LBW) for their age, seven of whom were male (53.8%). Serum IgG levels of the LBW cohort were significantly elevated and more stable during the SCIG period than the IVIG period. Mild, local side effects were detected in 153 administrations (3.3%) in 30 patients with normal body weight, while no local reactions were recorded in the patients with LBW. Conclusion: SCIG supplementation has become an effective treatment modality for pediatric patients and can be administered safely in LBW children with PID. The number of hospitalizations and family visits were reduced, allowing patients and their parents to continue their normal lives.
Assessing the Tropical South Atlantic atmosphere thermodynamics under distinct Sea Surface Temperature patterns
Authors: Silva Thiago L. V. , Veleda Doris , Costa Alexandre , Parise Claudia , Alves Rita , Tyaquica Pedro , Lopes Francis , Aroucha Leo
Published: June 2021

Northeast Brazil (NEB) is a susceptible region to the occurrence of extreme rainfall events. Sea surface temperature (SST) is used as an indicator for predicting intense weather events in this region. The westernmost Tropical South Atlantic region, also called Southern Atlantic Warm Pool (SAWP), is characterized by a source of heat and humidity which creates atmospheric instability for the NEB. In June 2010 the eastern coast of NEB (ENEB)was influenced by heavy rainfall, causing flash floods and landslides. On the other hand, 2012 marked the beginning of a period of droughts that affected the whole NEB area. The SAWP temperature in turn recorded anomalous values ​​of + 1ºC (-0.5ºC) in 2010 (2012), respectively, although in June 2012 intense rainfall was recorded in ENEB, even with intense negative SST anomalies. With the Coupled-Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave and Sediment Transport (COAWST) model, simulations were made to characterize 2010 and 2012 atmospheric conditions, modifying the SST input data in both situations. The goal of this work is to assess the meteorological systems that occurred in 2010 and 2012 using observational, reanalysis, and simulated data, as well as to identify changes in atmospheric instability patterns, which are under influences of different SST conditions. We performed four cases, including: a) SST measured in 2010 with 2010 atmospheric conditions; b) SST measured in 2012 with weather conditions of 2010; c) SST measured in 2012 with 2012 weather conditions; d) measured in2010 with atmospheric conditions from 2012. The results showed that SAWP temperature significantly influenced the instability of meteorological systems. The impacts were more significant in the lower layer of the atmosphere, especially in the variables that lead to low-level instabilities. Also, it was observed that warmer atmospheric conditions favor the ocean environment to remain warmer, maintaining the unstable conditions over SAWP.
The penetration of Human Defensin 5 (HD5) through bacterial outer membrane: Simulation studies
Authors: Awang Tadsanee , Pongprayoon Prapasiri
Published: June 2021

Human α-defensin 5 (HD5) is one of cationic antimicrobial peptides which plays a crucial role in an innate immune system in human body. HD5 shows the killing activity against a broad spectrum of pathogenic bacteria by making a pore in a bacterial membrane and penetrating into a cytosol. Nonetheless, its pore-forming mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, in this work, the constant-velocity steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulation was used to simulate the permeation of a dimeric HD5 into a gram-negative LPS membrane model. Arginine-rich HD5 is found to strongly interact with a LPS surface. Upon arrival, arginines on HD5 interact with lipid A head groups and then drag these charged moieties down into a hydrophobic core resulting in the formation of water-filled pore. Although all arginines are found to interact with a membrane, R13 and R32 appear to play a dominant role in the HD5 adsorption on a gram-negative membrane. Furthermore, one chain of a dimeric HD5 is required for HD5 adhesion. The interactions of arginine-Lipid A head groups play a major role in adhering a cationic HD5 on a membrane surface and retarding a HD5 passage in the meantime.
Study on Population Changes of Important Sucking – Pests (Aphis Gossypii (Glov.) and Bemisia Tabaci (G.) in the New Varieties Second Plant (After Canola) in the Golestan Province of Iran.
Authors: Darvish Mojeni Taghi , Zangi Mohammadreza
Published: June 2021

Investigating the population dynamic of important cotton pests on new cotton varieties is important. Cotton cultivars have important pests such as thrips, aphids, whitefly and bollworm. Considering the premature cultivars with proper yield for second cultivation in cotton-growing Golestan province at the north of Iran, this study seems necessary. This genotypes was cultivated with 9 treatments in 4 replicates. A completely randomized block design was carried out in Hashem Abad research station in a spray-free plot with the dimensions of 30 × 80 cm in 2018-2019 years. According to the results of this study, analysis of variance of two years showed that the yield of N2G80 with 1538 g in the plot with 41.7% lint percentage had the highest yield, and M13 with 685 g in the plot and 35.8% lint percentage in the lowest yield they had.The infestation rate of the genotypes tested in the population of green aphid of cotton in K880-2 and Golestan® cultivars was 48.88 and 40.31 in aphid with the highest density, and the SKT-133 and TBL-60 genotype respectively with 27.15 and 29.11 aphids per leaf had the least infestation. The amount of infestation of the genotypes tested to the population of whitefly cotton on the N2G80 and TBL-60 genotype was 90.76 and 68.86 whitefly in the leaf with the highest infestation and N2G80 and TBL-60 genotype respectively with 40.05 and 75.51 white fly in leaf were the least infested. Correlation coefficient between traits was equal to 0.55. The number of bolls per plant was not correlated with other traits including boll weight, lint percentage, aphid and white fly.