bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Design of a Plate for Posterolateral Tibial Plateau Fractures Through Traditional Anterolateral Approach
Authors: Ren Dong , Liu Yueju , Lu Jian , Xu Runtao , Wang Pengcheng
Published: October 2018

Biomechanical performance of a newly designed plate for treating posterolateral tibial plateau fractures was compared with three traditional internal fixation devices using finite element analysis (FEA) and biomechanical experiments. Forty synthetic tibias were used to create posterolateral shearing tibial fracture models, which were randomly assigned to groups A–D. The fragments were fixed with two 6.5-mm lag screws (group A), the newly designed plate (group B), a 3.5-mm lateral locking plate (group C), and a posterolateral buttress plate (group D). In the biomechanical experiment, vertical displacement of the posterolateral fragments was measured under axial loads of 500–1500 N. In the FEA, vertical displacement of the posterolateral fragments and stress distribution and maximum stress of each internal fixation were measured under axial loads of 250–750 N. Biomechanically, collective ranges of vertical displacements in the four groups were 0.356 ± 0.089–1.055 ± 0.023 mm at 500 N axial load, 0.651 ± 0.062–1.525 ± 0.03 mm at 1000 N, and 0.903 ± 0.077–1.796 ± 0.04 mm at 1500 N. Differences between the four groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05), except for groups B and C at 1500 N. FEA showed that collective ranges of vertical displacements in the four groups were 0.290–1.425 mm at of 250 N axial load, 0.580–1.680 mm at 500 N, 1.067–1.818 mm at 750 N. Maximum stress of groups A–D were, respectively, 321.940, 132.660, 100.383, and 321.940 MPa under 250 N axial load. Maximum stress of all four internal fixations increased, and the overall trends at 500 and 750 N were consistent with that at 250 N. Posterior, straight fixation was the most reliable. Fixation with the lag screw was least reliable. The new plate and 3.5-mm lateral locking plate exhibited similar control over fragment displacement. The newly designed plate was stable and reliable, indicating its suitability for clinical application.
Evaluation of Microclimatic Detection by a Wireless Sensor Network in Forest Ecosystems
Authors: Jin Jiaxin , Wang Ying , Jiang Hong , Chen Xiaofeng
Published: October 2018

Timely and accurate detection of microclimates is extremely valuable for monitoring and stimulating exchanges of mass and energy in forest ecosystems under climate change. Recently, the rapid growth of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has provided a new approach for detecting microclimates in a complex environment at multiple temporal and spatial scales. However, applications of wireless sensors in forest microclimate monitoring have rarely been studied, and the corresponding observation accuracy, error sources and correction methods are not well understood. In this study, through field experiments in two typical subtropical forest ecosystems in Zhejiang Province, China, the accuracy of the temperature and humidity observed by the wireless sensors was evaluated against standard meteorological data. Furthermore, the observation error sources were analyzed and corresponding correction models were established. The results showed that the wireless sensor-based temperature and humidity values performed well within the total observation accuracy. However, the observation errors varied with season, daily periodicity and weather conditions. For temperature, the wireless sensor observations were overestimated during the daytime while they were underestimated during the nighttime. For humidity, the data observed by the wireless sensors generally appeared as overestimates. Adopting humidity as the corrected factor, correction models were established and effectively improved the accuracy of the microclimatic data observed by the wireless sensors. Notably, our error analysis demonstrated that the observation errors may be associated with the shell material of the wireless sensor, suggesting that shading measures for the wireless sensors should be considered for outdoor work.
Circulating FABP4 is eliminated by the kidney via glomerular filtration followed by megalin-mediated reabsorption
Authors: Shrestha Suman , Sunaga Hiroaki , Hanaoka Hirofumi , Yamaguchi Aiko , Kuwahara Shoji , Umbarawan Yogi , Nakajima Kiyomi , Machida Tetsuo , Murakami Masami , Saito Akihiko , Tsushima Yoshito , Kurabayashi Masahiko , Iso Tatsuya
Published: October 2018

Circulating fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), secreted from adipocytes, is a potential biomarker for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Circulating FABP4 levels are positively associated with adiposity and adrenergic stimulation, but negatively with renal function. In this study, we addressed the issue of how the kidney regulates clearance of circulating FABP4. Tracing study revealed remarkable accumulation of 125I-labeled FABP4 in the kidney. Exogenous FABP4 was exclusively detected in the apical membrane of proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs). Bilateral nephrectomy resulted in marked elevation of circulating FABP4 levels. Accelerated lipolysis by β-3 adrenergic stimulation led to a marked elevation in circulating FABP4 in mice with severe renal dysfunction. Megalin, an endocytic receptor expressed in PTECs, plays a major role in reabsorption of proteins filtered through glomeruli. Quartz-crystal microbalance study revealed that FABP4 binds to megalin. In kidney-specific megalin knockout mice, a large amount of FABP4 was excreted in urine while circulating FABP4 levels were significantly reduced. Our data suggest that circulating FABP4 is processed by the kidney via the glomerular filtration followed by megalin-mediated reabsorption. Thus, it is likely that circulating FABP4 levels are determined mainly by balance between secretion rate of FABP4 from adipocytes and clearance rate of the kidney.
Confinement and asymptotic freedom with Cooper pairs
Authors: Diamantini M. C. , Trugenberger C. A. , Vinokur V. M.
Published: October 2018

One of the most profound aspects of the standard model of particle physics, the mechanism of confinement binding quarks into hadrons, is not sufficiently understood. The only known semiclassical mechanism of confinement, mediated by chromo-electric strings in a condensate of magnetic monopoles still lacks experimental evidence. Here we show that the infinite resistance superinsulating state, which emerges on the insulating side of the superconductor-insulator transition in superconducting films offers a realization of confinement that allows for a direct experimental access. We find that superinsulators realize a single-color version of quantum chromodynamics and establish the mapping of quarks onto Cooper pairs. We reveal that the mechanism of superinsulation is the linear binding of Cooper pairs into neutral “mesons” by electric strings. Our findings offer a powerful laboratory for exploring and testing the fundamental implications of confinement, asymptotic freedom, and related quantum chromodynamics phenomena via desktop experiments on superconductors.
Live single cell analysis using synchrotron FTIR microspectroscopy: development of a simple dynamic flow system for prolonged sample viability
Authors: Doherty James , Raoof Alan , Hussain Ansaf , Wolna Magda , Cinque Gianfelice , Brown Michael , Gardner Peter , Denbigh Joanna
Published: October 2018

A simple, cost-effective liquid sample holder to perform single live cell analysis under an IR microscope.
The effect of filter type and porosity on total suspended sediment determinations
Authors: Kasper Daniele , Amaral João Henrique Fernandes , Forsberg Bruce Rider
Published: October 2018

Glass fiber filters and cellulose ester membranes from 0.4 to 3.0 μm yielded similar results up to 20 000 mg L−1 of TSS.
A Ni-loaded, metal–organic framework–graphene composite as a precursor for in situ electrochemical deposition of a highly active and durable water oxidation nanocatalyst
Authors: Hassan Mohamed H. , Soliman Ahmed B. , Elmehelmey Worood A. , Abugable Arwa A. , Karakalos Stavros G. , Elbahri Mady , Hassanien Abdou , Alkordi Mohamed H.
Published: October 2018

UiO-66-NH2 was constructed on G sheets, metallated with Ni(ii) ions, and used as a precursor to deposit a highly active water oxidation catalyst in an electrochemical surface restructuring process.
Trisubstituted alkenes with a single activator as dipolarophiles in a highly diastereo- and enantioselective [3+2] cycloaddition with vinyl epoxides under Pd-catalysis
Authors: Du Juan , Jiang Yang-Jie , Suo Jia-Jia , Wu Wen-Qiong , Liu Xiu-Yan , Chen Di , Ding Chang-Hua , Wei Yin , Hou Xue-Long
Published: October 2018

1,1,2-Trisubstituted alkenes with a single activator were used in the Pd-catalyzed asymmetric cycloaddition of vinyl epoxides with high diastereo- and enantioselectivities.
Rapid naked-eye luminescence detection of carbonate ion through acetonitrile hydrolysis induced europium complexes
Authors: Lu Yan-Na , Peng Jun-Ling , Zhou Xia , Wu Jian-Zhong , Ou Yong-Cong , Cai Yue-Peng
Published: October 2018

[Eu2(Hhpip)2(OAc)6] in DMSO shows a specific and prompt photoluminescence colour change in response to CO32−detectable with naked eyes.
Impact of chirality on peculiar ibuprofen molecular dynamics: hydrogen bonding organization and syn vs. anti carboxylic group conformations
Authors: Ottou Abe Martin Thierry , Viciosa María Teresa , Correia Natália T. , Affouard Frédéric
Published: October 2018

Impact of chirality (R and S enantiomers) on syn vs. anti carboxylic group conformations, hydrogen bond dimers and peculiar ibuprofen molecular dynamics.
Directional control of charge and valley currents in a graphene-based device
Authors: Berdakin M. , Barrios Vargas J. E. , Foa Torres L. E. F.
Published: October 2018

We propose a directional switching effect in a metallic device.
Manipulating triplet states: tuning energies, absorption, lifetimes, and annihilation rates in anthanthrene derivatives
Authors: Stewart David J. , Shi Jianmin , Naranjo Tristan R. , Grusenmeyer Tod A. , Artz Jacob M. , McCleese Christopher L. , O’Donnell Ryan M. , Cooper Thomas M. , Shensky William M. , Haley Joy E.
Published: October 2018

Excited-state absorption, triplet lifetimes, and triplet–triplet annihilation rate constants can be tuned by structural modifications.
Computational characterization of the selective inhibition of human norepinephrine and serotonin transporters by an escitalopram scaffold
Authors: Zheng Guoxun , Yang Fengyuan , Fu Tingting , Tu Gao , Chen Yuzong , Yao Xiaojun , Xue Weiwei , Zhu Feng
Published: October 2018

Selective inhibition of human norepinephrine and serotonin transporters has been studied by computational approaches. 4 warm spots in hNET and 4 in hSERT were found to exert a pronounced effect on inhibition by the studied ligands.
Combining catalysis and computational fluid dynamics towards improved process design for ethanol dehydration
Authors: Potter Matthew E. , Armstrong Lindsay-Marie , Raja Robert
Published: October 2018

Combining computational fluid dynamics with catalysis gives significant insights into reactor design for sustainable solid acid catalysed processes.
Metal–organic frameworks-derived core–shell Fe3O4/Fe3N@graphite carbon nanocomposites as excellent non-precious metal electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction
Authors: Su Haixia , Zhou Sicong , Zhang Xin , Sun Hui , Zhang Hongshan , Xiao Yun , Yu Kuomiao , Dong Zhun , Dai Xiaoping , Huang Xingliang
Published: October 2018

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), as precursors for synthesizing new carbon materials, hold promise for applications in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
Ba3B10O17Br2: a new barium borate halide with B–O layered structure
Authors: Han S. J. , Wu H. P. , Li H. , Yang Z. H. , Pan S. L. , Yu H. H.
Published: October 2018

A new barium borate halide, Ba3B10O17Br2, has been obtained, and is the first barium borate halide with a B–O layered structure.
High rate domestic wastewater treatment at 15 °C using anaerobic reactors inoculated with cold-adapted sediments/soils – shaping robust methanogenic communities
Authors: Petropoulos Evangelos , Yu Yongjie , Tabraiz Shamas , Yakubu Aminu , Curtis Thomas P. , Dolfing Jan
Published: October 2018

To choose the reactor format in which to employ a low temperature adapted seed for wastewater treatment, we compared a UASB and an AnMBRUASB (UF)reactor at low HRT and temperature (15 °C).
Out-of-equilibrium electron dynamics of silver driven by ultrafast electromagnetic fields – a novel hydrodynamical approach
Authors: Marini Andrea , Ciattoni Alessandro , Conti Claudio
Published: October 2018

We investigate the ultrafast nonlinear response of silver upon excitation by infrared electromagnetic radiation pulses with a duration of a few femtoseconds.
Effect of adding milk to black tea on vascular function in healthy men and women: a randomised controlled crossover trial
Authors: Ahmad Adilah F. , Rich Lisa , Koch Henrietta , Croft Kevin D. , Ferruzzi Mario G. , Kay Colin D. , Hodgson Jonathan M. , Ward Natalie C.
Published: October 2018

Addition of milk to black tea alters the acute/short-term benefical effect of regular black tea consumption on vascular function and blood pressure.
The anti-inflammatory activity of peptides from simulated gastrointestinal digestion of preserved egg white in DSS-induced mouse colitis
Authors: Zhang Mengya , Zhao Yan , Wu Na , Yao Yao , Xu Mingsheng , Du Huaying , Tu Yonggang
Published: October 2018

Peptides DEDTQAMPFR (DR-10), MLGATSL (ML-7), SLSFASR (SR-7), and MSYSAGF (MF-7) derived from simulated gastrointestinal digestion of preserved egg white (SGD-PEW) exerted anti-inflammatory effects on DSS-induced mouse colitis.
With polymer photoclicks to fluorescent microspheres
Authors: Hooker Jordan P. , Delafresnaye Laura , Barner Leonie , Barner-Kowollik Christopher
Published: October 2018

A new method of additive-free particle synthesis facilitates the rapid preparation of inherently fluorescent microspheres via photoactive prepolymers.
Ferrous-cysteine–phosphotungstate nanoagent with neutral pH fenton reaction activity for enhanced cancer chemodynamic therapy
Authors: Zhao Peiran , Tang Zhongmin , Chen Xiaoyan , He Ziyu , He Xinhong , Zhang Meng , Liu Yanyan , Ren Dongdong , Zhao Kuaile , Bu Wenbo
Published: October 2018

Chelating strategy and electron shuttle armed nanoagent for killing cancer cells at both an acidic and neutral pH with high CDT efficiency.
Structural and morphological aspects of (fluoro)quinolone delivery by layered double hydroxide nanoparticles
Authors: Salguero Yadira , García Mónica Cristina , Mosconi Giuliana , Rojas Ricardo
Published: October 2018

Synthesis conditions affect the composition and morphology of LDH-based delivery systems loaded with nalidixic acid and, consequently, their biopharmaceutical behavior.
Quantification of bilirubin from dry blood spots using tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Gong Zhenhua , Zheng Lulu , Wang Yanmin , Wu Yibo , Tian Guoli , Lv Zhibao
Published: October 2018

Background: because hyperbilirubinemia is harmful and associated with many kinds of diseases, especially in neonates, it is necessary to have methods available to detect bilirubin in blood as early as possible.
Living cell imaging and sensing of hydrogen sulfide using high-efficiency fluorescent Cu-doped carbon quantum dots
Authors: Zhuo Shujuan , Gao Lingling , Zhang Ping , Du Jinyan , Zhu Changqing
Published: October 2018

A simple Cu-doped carbon quantum dot-based fluorescent sensor for H2S sensing and intracellular bioimaging was constructed.
Design and fabrication of poly(HPMA)–6-mercaptopurine conjugates and their in vitro anticancer effect
Authors: Tian Fang , Wang Yueyuan , Zhao Jie , Shi Qingfang , Zhang Dengcai , Sun Jianping , Zhang Chong
Published: October 2018

A polymeric prodrug of poly(HPMA)–6MP was synthesized by grafting 6MP on poly(HPMA) and it exhibited an enhanced therapeutic effect.
A lithium-modified zirconium-based metal organic framework (UiO-66) for efficient CO2 adsorption
Authors: Niu Zhaodong , Guan Qingqing , Shi Yuzhen , Chen Yuan , Chen Qiuling , Kong Zhaoni , Ning Ping , Tian Senlin , Miao Rongrong
Published: October 2018

The adsorption mechanism of carbon dioxide (CO2) on Li/UiO-66 was studied by an in situ DRIFTS study.
Erbium oxide as a novel support for palladium nanocatalysts with strong metal–support interactions: remarkable catalytic performance in hydrogenation reactions
Authors: Wang Xin , Jiang Yi-Fan , Liu Ya-Nan , Xu An-Wu
Published: October 2018

The SMSI effect and strong chemisorption of H2 on Pd–Er2O3 nanocatalysts significantly improve the catalytic performance for the hydrogenation reactions.
Optical properties of size selected neutral Ag clusters: electronic shell structures and the surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Yu Chongqi , Schira Romain , Brune Harald , von Issendorff Bernd , Rabilloud Franck , Harbich Wolfgang
Published: October 2018

We present optical absorption spectra from the ultraviolet to the visible for size selected neutral Agn clusters (n = 5–120) embedded in solid Ne.
Selective alkyl ether cleavage by cationic bis(phosphine)iridium complexes
Authors: Jones Caleb A. H. , Schley Nathan D.
Published: October 2018

Simple cationic bis(phosphine)iridium complexes are shown to be highly selective catalysts for ether cleavage with silanes. Benzylic ethers can be cleaved under mild conditions in the presence of reductively-labile functional groups.
Rh-Catalyzed aminative dearomatization of 2-naphthols
Authors: Yi Ji-Cheng , Tu Hang-Fei , You Shu-Li
Published: October 2018

β-Naphthalenones bearing a naked α-amino group could be rapidly constructed through a Rh-catalyzed aminative dearomatization reaction of 2-naphthols with O-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydroxylamine.
Development of banana (Musa balbisiana) pseudo stem fiber as a surgical bio-tool to avert post-operative wound infections
Authors: Kalita Himadri , Hazarika Ankita , Kandimalla Raghuram , Kalita Sanjeeb , Devi Rajlakshmi
Published: October 2018

A novel antimicrobial suture biomaterial developed from banana waste fibers to avert post operative wound infections.
Enhanced adsorption behaviors of Co2+on robust chitosan hydrogel microspheres derived from an alkali solution system: kinetics and isotherm analysis
Authors: Hou Tianyu , Zhang Hongjiao , He Dongliang , Liu Qingye , Zhang Zhijun , Xiao Longqiang , Li Wei , Barnes Melanie
Published: October 2018

The 3-D fibrous network endows the chitosan hydrogel microspheres fabricated from the alkaline solvent system with high mechanical strength and enhanced adsorption capacity of Co2+, making them as the ideal and stable catalyst supports.
Chemical and photochemical DNA “gears” reversibly control stiffness, shape-memory, self-healing and controlled release properties of polyacrylamide hydrogels
Authors: Liu Xia , Zhang Junji , Fadeev Michael , Li Ziyuan , Wulf Verena , Tian He , Willner Itamar
Published: October 2018

Stimuli-responsive polyacrylamide hydrogels crosslinked by glucosamine–boronate/G-quadruplexes or azobenzene-functionalized DNA reveal controlled stiffness using chemical or photochemical triggers.
Mild complexation protocol for chiral CpxRh and Ir complexes suitable for in situ catalysis
Authors: Audic B. , Wodrich M. D. , Cramer N.
Published: October 2018

Mild complexations of chiral cyclopentadienes with rhodium(i) and iridium(i) precursors enable user-friendly in situ complex formation for catalytic applications.
Molecular rotors report on changes in live cell plasma membrane microviscosity upon interaction with beta-amyloid aggregates
Authors: Kubánková Markéta , López-Duarte Ismael , Kiryushko Darya , Kuimova Marina K.
Published: October 2018

Viscosity-sensing fluorophores termed molecular rotors were used to investigate the microviscosity of plasma membranes of live cells upon interaction with oligomeric and fibrillar forms of beta-amyloid Aβ(1–42).
Experimental and computational phase boundary mapping of Co4Sn6Te6
Authors: Crawford Caitlin M. , Ortiz Brenden R. , Gorai Prashun , Stevanovic Vladan , Toberer Eric S.
Published: October 2018

Experimental and computational investigation of the phase stability and thermoelectric properties of the Co4Sn6Te6 skutterudite.
Iodide-mediated templating synthesis of highly porous rhodium nanospheres for enhanced dehydrogenation of ammonia borane
Authors: Zou Houbing , Jin Bo , Wang Runwei , Wu Yanbo , Yang Hengquan , Qiu Shilun
Published: October 2018

A novel iodide-mediated templating strategy has been developed for preparing highly porous rhodium nanospheres (HPRhS) with exceptionally high surface area and controllable nanoporous structures, which showed a remarkable catalytic activity and stability in methanolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane.
Membrane protein engineering to the rescue
Authors: Rawlings Andrea E.
Published: October 2018

The inherent hydrophobicity of membrane proteins is a major barrier to membrane protein research and understanding. Their low stability and solubility in aqueous environments coupled with poor expression levels make them a challenging area of research. For many years, the only way of working with membrane proteins was to optimise the environment to suit the protein, through the use of different detergents, solubilising additives, and other adaptations. However, with innovative protein engineering methodologies, the membrane proteins themselves are now being adapted to suit the environment. This mini-review looks at the types of adaptations which are applied to membrane proteins from a variety of different fields, including water solubilising fusion tags, thermostabilising mutation screening, scaffold proteins, stabilising protein chimeras, and isolating water-soluble domains.
Comparisons of voltage-gated sodium channel structures with open and closed gates and implications for state-dependent drug design
Authors: Montini Giulia , Booker Jennifer , Sula Altin , Wallace B.A.
Published: October 2018

Voltage-gated sodium channels (Navs) are responsible for the initiation of the action potential in excitable cells. Several prokaryotic sodium channels, most notably NavMs from Magnetococcus marinus and NavAb from Arcobacter butzleri, have been shown to be good models for human sodium channels based on their sequence homologies and high levels of functional similarities, including ion flux, and functional consequences of critical mutations. The complete full-length crystal structures of these prokaryotic sodium channels captured in different functional states have now revealed the molecular natures of changes associated with the gating process. These include the structures of the intracellular gate, the selectivity filter, the voltage sensors, the intra-membrane fenestrations, and the transmembrane (TM) pore. Here we have identified for the first time how changes in the fenestrations in the hydrophobic TM region associated with the opening of the intracellular gate could modulate the state-dependent ingress and binding of drugs in the TM cavity, in a way that could be exploited for rational drug design.
Systems biology: old news or new stimulus for biochemistry
Authors: Kolch Walter , Fey Dirk , Ryan Colm J.
Published: October 2018

In this issue of Essays in Biochemistry, biochemistry meets systems biology—a blind date that may hold all the promises, pitfalls and failures of a relationship where a new discipline has been sprung upon a well-established one. As the articles in this issue show, the blind date in this case has great potential to develop into a long-term relationship, where both partners share common values but can benefit from different complementary approaches. Together this partnership is well poised to address and solve some of the major challenges in modern biology.
Prediction of cancer using customised fuzzy rough machine learning approaches
Authors: Arunkumar Chinnaswamy , Ramakrishnan Srinivasan
Published: October 2018

This Letter proposes a customised approach for attribute selection applied to the fuzzy rough quick reduct algorithm. The unbalanced data is balanced using synthetic minority oversampling technique. The huge dimensionality of the cancer data is reduced using a correlation‐based filter. The dimensionality reduced balanced attribute gene subset is used to compute the final minimal reduct set using a customised fuzzy triangular norm operator on the fuzzy rough quick reduct algorithm. The customised fuzzy triangular norm operator is used with a Lukasiewicz fuzzy implicator to compute the fuzzy approximation. The customised operator selects the least number of informative feature genes from the dimensionality reduced datasets. Classification accuracy using leave‐one‐out cross validation of 94.85, 76.54, 98.11, and 99.13% is obtained using a customised function for Lukasiewicz triangular norm operator on leukemia, central nervous system, lung, and ovarian datasets, respectively. Performance analysis of the conventional fuzzy rough quick reduct and the proposed method are performed using parameters such as classification accuracy, precision, recall, F‐measure, scatter plots, receiver operating characteristic area, McNemar test, chi‐squared test, Matthew's correlation coefficient and false discovery rate that are used to prove that the proposed approach performs better than available methods in the literature.
Expectation–maximisation model for stochastic distribution network planning considering network loss and voltage deviation
Authors: Qi Baoxia , Chen Jiajia , Zhao Yanlei , Jiao Pihua
Published: October 2018

The penetration of wind power is increasing in distribution network for reducing reliance on fossil fuels and covering continuously increasing demand for energy. However, it is argued that the forecasting error of wind power cannot be avoided even using the best forecasting approach. Therefore, in this study, a mean‐variance‐skewness based expectation maximisation (MVSbEM) model has been proposed by maximisation of the mean and skewness while simultaneously minimisation of the variance to obtain the optimal trade‐off relationship between the profit and risk of distribution network planning (DNP) considering uncertain wind power integrated. In the MVSbEM model, the indexes of network loss, voltage deviation, and investment cost are concurrently taken into account under several kinds of actual operation constraints. In addition, the authors have made a full investigation on the MVSbEM by considering different forecasting errors, power factors of wind power, the different forecasting wind speeds, the number of wind turbines as well as the lines and substations upgrading. Furthermore, in order to reduce the computational burden, the Latin hypercube sampling method is used to sample uncertain wind speed. The feasibility and effectiveness of the MVSbEM model have been comprehensively evaluated on a modified IEEE 33‐bus system.
Bus frequency optimisation considering user behaviour based on mobile bus applications
Authors: Lin Nannan , Ma Weimin , Chen Xiaoxuan
Published: October 2018

In this study, a model for bus frequency optimisation was presented, which determined the optimal bus frequencies aiming to minimise the users’ total travel cost. Unlike past researches, where the impacts of real‐time information were ignored, the user behaviours affected by mobile applications were considered in this study. The effects of bus real‐time information on user behaviours had been proved by some other researches. By assigning a user's trip to three stages (pre‐trip, on‐board and end‐trip), four different user behaviours were taken into account in the model building process: shortest total travel time, shortest pre‐trip time, shortest walking time and shortest riding time. In addition to the object bus line and stops on it, other bus lines and stops serving the same traffic zones were also considered. The demand was given in the form of an origin–destination (OD) matrix. Each value in the OD matrix represented the passenger amount from one zone to another. Finally, the illustrated model was tested by four cases and the results showed a good performance.
Three‐phase ripple free DCM boost converter with low THD
Authors: Foroozeshfar Reza , Adib Ehsan
Published: October 2018

High total harmonic distortion (THD) and ripple of input current are the two main disadvantages of a single switch discontinuous current mode boost power factor correction (PFC) converter. In this study, THD and input current ripple of conventional DCM boost converter are improved. Reduction of input current THD is achieved by reducing the discharge time of input inductors using magnetic switch concept. Input inductors currents are discharged with a voltage equal to twice of output voltage instead of the output voltage. Also, high input current ripple in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) operation is solved by using an additional input inductor–capacitor (LC) filter in the conventional converter. This will result in extra weight and volume of the converter. To eliminate the required additional inductors for implementation of the mentioned input LC filter, a ripple cancellation cell using coupled inductors is used and by adjusting mutual inductance in a proper manner, very low input current ripple is achieved. Results from a 400 W prototype converter are presented. Input current THD is below 8% for a wide range of input voltage. Furthermore, the efficiency of the proposed converter is compared with conventional DCM boost PFC converter under the same input current THD. Although the proposed converter applies two switches, the total switching and conduction losses are reduced considerably.
Reduced‐order dynamic model for droop‐controlled inverter/converter‐based low‐voltage hybrid AC/DC microgrids – Part 2: DC sub‐microgrid and power exchange
Authors: Rasoolzadeh Arsalan , Salmasi Farzad Rajaei
Published: October 2018

This study focuses on reduced‐order dynamical modelling of droop controlled converter‐based DC sub‐microgrid (MG) in a hybrid AC/DC MG. In hybrid MGs, electrical power is exchanged between the AC and DC sub‐MGs by a bidirectional AC/DC converter. The authors aim to develop a comprehensive reduced‐order dynamical model for the DC side in this part, incorporating standard classes of electrical loads including constant current, constant power, and constant resistance loads. Furthermore, dynamical behaviour of the power exchange between the AC and DC sub‐MGs is modelled, considering that the bidirectional power converter controller aims to equalise the load ratios of AC and DC sub‐MGs in order to facilitate overall decentralised control over the hybrid MG. Analytical derivations of steady‐state values of main variables are given and the overall dynamical and algebraic equations are determined. In order to validate the developed model, a hybrid MG is implemented in PSCAD. Then, the proposed model for the case study is implemented in Matlab/Simulink and the results are compared with the PSCAD outputs. The comparative results show the validity of the developed reduced‐order comprehensive model. The reduced‐order models are preferred in designing observers such as model‐based fault detection and diagnosis observers.
Hydrostatic mass profiles in X-COP galaxy clusters
Authors: Ettori S. , Ghirardini V. , Eckert D. , Pointecouteau E. , Gastaldello F. , Sereno M. , Gaspari M. , Ghizzardi S. , Roncarelli M. , Rossetti M.
Published: October 2018

Aims.We present the reconstruction of hydrostatic mass profiles in 13 X-ray luminous galaxy clusters that have been mapped in their X-ray and Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ) signals out toR200for theXMM-NewtonCluster Outskirts Project (X-COP).

Methods.Using profiles of the gas temperature, density, and pressure that have been spatially resolved out to median values of 0.9R500, 1.8R500, and 2.3R500, respectively, we are able to recover the hydrostatic gravitating mass profile with several methods and using different mass models.

Results.The hydrostatic masses are recovered with a relative (statistical) median error of 3% atR500and 6% atR200. By using several different methods to solve the equation of the hydrostatic equilibrium, we evaluate some of the systematic uncertainties to be of the order of 5% at bothR500andR200. A Navarro-Frenk-White profile provides the best-fit in 9 cases out of 13; the remaining 4 cases do not show a statistically significant tension with it. The distribution of the mass concentration follows the correlations with the total mass predicted from numerical simulations with a scatter of 0.18 dex, with an intrinsic scatter on the hydrostatic masses of 0.15 dex. We compare them with the estimates of the total gravitational mass obtained through X-ray scaling relations applied toYX, gas fraction, andYSZ, and from weak lensing and galaxy dynamics techniques, and measure a substantial agreement with the results from scaling laws, from WL at bothR500andR200(with differences below 15%), from cluster velocity dispersions. Instead, we find a significant tension with the caustic masses that tend to underestimate the hydrostatic masses by 40% atR200. We also compare these measurements with predictions from alternative models to the cold dark matter, like the emergent gravity and MOND scenarios, confirming that the latter underestimates hydrostatic masses by 40% atR1000, with a decreasing tension as the radius increases, and reaches ∼15% atR200, whereas the former reproducesM500within 10%, but overestimatesM200by about 20%.

Conclusions.The unprecedented accuracy of these hydrostatic mass profiles out toR200allows us to assess the level of systematic errors in the hydrostatic mass reconstruction method, to evaluate the intrinsic scatter in the NFWc − Mrelation, and to robustly quantify differences among different mass models, different mass proxies, and different gravity scenarios.
TOPoS
Authors: François P. , Caffau E. , Bonifacio P. , Spite M. , Spite F. , Cayrel R. , Christlieb N. , Gallagher A. J. , Klessen R. , Koch A. , Ludwig H.-G. , Monaco L. , Plez B. , Steffen M. , Zaggia S.
Published: October 2018

Context. Extremely metal-poor stars are keys to understand the early evolution of our Galaxy. The ESO large programme TOPoS has been tailored to analyse a new set of metal-poor turn-off stars, whereas most of the previously known extremely metal-poor stars are giant stars.

Aims. Sixty five turn-off stars (preselected from SDSS spectra) have been observed with the X-shooter spectrograph at the ESO VLT Unit Telescope 2, to derive accurate and detailed abundances of magnesium, silicon, calcium, iron, strontium and barium.

Methods. We analysed medium-resolution spectra (R ≃ 10 000) obtained with the ESO X-shooter spectrograph and computed the abundances of several α and neutron-capture elements using standard one-dimensional local thermodynamic equilibrium (1D LTE) model atmospheres.

Results. Our results confirms the super-solar [Mg/Fe] and [Ca/Fe] ratios in metal-poor turn-off stars as observed in metal-poor giant stars. We found a significant spread of the [α/Fe] ratios with several stars showing subsolar [Ca/Fe] ratios. We could measure the abundance of strontium in 12 stars of the sample, leading to abundance ratios [Sr/Fe] around the Solar value. We detected barium in two stars of the sample. One of the stars (SDSS J114424−004658) shows both very high [Ba/Fe] and [Sr/Fe] abundance ratios (>1 dex).
Electronic Differential and Neuro-Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control with Extended State Observer for an Electric Vehicle System
Authors: Bouguenna Ibrahim Farouk , Azaiz Ahmed , Tahour Ahmed , Larbaoui Ahmed
Published: October 2018

In this paper a neuro-fuzzy-sliding mode control (NFSMC) with extended state observer (ESO) technique; is designed to guarantee the traction of an electric vehicle with two distinct permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). Each PMSM systems (source-convertermotor) are attached to an electronic differential (ED), in order to adjust the senses of direction of the vehicle, and sustain a stable speed by adapting the difference in velocity of each motor-wheel according to the direction in the case of a turn. Two types of controllers are employed by a hybrid control scheme to assure the control and the performance of the vehicle. This hybrid control scheme guarantees the stability of the vehicle by ED, reduces the chattering phenomena in the PMSM electric motor, and improves the disturbance rejection ability which employs tow types of controllers. The neuro-fuzzy sliding mode control on the direct current loop and ESO controller on the speed loop, and the quadratic current loop; taking into account the dynamic of the vehicle. Simulation runs under Matlab/Simulink to assess the efficiency, and strength of the recommended control method on the closed loop system.
Assessment of encapsulation materials for solar cells
Authors: Šály Vladimír , Ďurman Vladimír , Váry Michal , Perný Milan , Janíček František
Published: October 2018

Interfacial processes were studied in various insulation foils intended for encapsulation of photovoltaic cells. The analysis was based on the dielectric measurements in a broad region of temperatures and frequencies. The measurements showed that the observed processes are connected with the electrode polarization. The electrode polarization gives rise to the space charge formation and enhancement of electric field near the electrodes. Calculation of the electric field is important for praxis as it allows assessing the risk of electrical breakdown. In our work we use the parameters obtained from the dielectric measurements for calculation of electric field distribution in encapsulating materials. It was found that electric field increases more than 100-times comparing with the mean value.
The effect of building energy management systems on battery aging
Authors: Canals Casals Lluc , Igualada Lucía , Corchero Cristina
Published: October 2018

Smart buildings are a key element to walk towards smart cities and grids. Nonetheless, there are several degrees of intelligence. A first step is to incorporate commercial self-consumption solutions in buildings so they can manage the energy from local renewable power generators. A second step is to substitute this commercial solutions with an optimized Energy Management System (EMS) to reduce the electricity bill at the end of the month. Further. This EMS may contribute to stabilize and improve the quality and emissions of the electricity grid by offering some energy flexibility to the electricity system in favour of decentralization. This study compares the battery aging between buildings that count with an EMS to optimize the electricity bill under three scenarios in contrast to those that have a simple self-consumption kit. Lithium ion battery lifespan is estimated by means of an electric equivalent battery circuit model that runs on Matlab and simulates its behaviour through time. Moreover, this study evaluates the distribution of the battery costs regarding its use, observing that batteries controlled by simple self-consumption kits have longer lifespan because they are underused, ending up in higher calendar aging costs than the ones that are controlled by EMS.
Towards more resilient electrical networks in urban areas
Authors: Palau-Mayo Anna , de Prada Mikel , Domínguez-García José Luís
Published: October 2018

The requirement of system decarbonisation fixed by the EU 2050 plan is leading to an increased establishment of renewable energy sources. Additionally, the emergence of power electronics and ICT technologies has played a decisive role towards a novel distribution electric grid allowing new monitoring, operation and control. In parallel to the energetic transition, an increasing occurrence of extreme weather events and a reinforced concern on climate change leads to the concept of resilience, which is the capacity to adapt and recover from disruptive events in a coordinated procedure. After a fault event, assuming the objective of the system operator is to minimize the load unsupplied, the present study aims at outlining an early research state on the concept of self-healing through the development of a power flow optimization algorithm within a meshed network. Moreover, the effects of integrating Distributed Energy Resources (DER) in order to increase distribution grid resilience as well as to ensure and secure power supply to the system leads to the clusterization of the power system. With controllable technologies, the on-outaged areas are able to disconnect from the main grid, creating islanded microgrids (MGs) which can work autonomously and consequently, increase grid resilience.
A comparative analysis of heat recovery and product stabilization in fluid-bed and ablative pyrolysis systems
Authors: Gupta Murlidhar , King Benjamin , Preto Fernando , McFarlan Andrew
Published: October 2018

Nearly all existing commercial pyrolysis technologies employ single-step rapid condensation of vapours from 500 oC to 50 oC using sprays of cold bio-oil or liquid hydrocarbon as a quench fluid. This approach produces raw bio-oil, a non-homogenous mixture of hundreds of oxygenated organic compounds including organic acids and water. Single-step quench also results in loss of high quality heat to the ambient. In this work, a novel 3-stage fractional condensation approach has been proposed. The intent is to produce targeted stable products for value added applications as well to enhance the overall efficiency of pyrolysis processes. The first phase of this research involved modelling and simulation of staged condensation of pyrolysis vapours using Pro/2 process software. A comprehensive pyrolysis model with 13 representative compounds was developed and validated. The Pro/2 model is able to simulate complex condensation of lignin and sugar fractions at high temperatures. Multiple cases involving staged condensation in ablative and fluid bed pyrolysis systems were investigated. In each case, there was a trade-off between high-quality heat recovery and early separation of lignin and sugars from organic acids. Results demonstrated that dew point depression adds additional complexity and limits heat recovery. However, judicious selection of condenser temperatures offers opportunity for early isolation of sugars and lignin from acids, thereby improving product stability.
Study of K+ →π0e+νeγ decay with OKA setup
Authors: Polyarush A.Yu.
Published: October 2018

Results of study of the K+ → π0e+νγ decay at OKA setup are presented. 16889 events of this decay have been observed. The branching ratio with cuts E*γ > 10 MeV, 0.6 < cosΘ*eγ < 0.9 is calculated [see formula in PDF] For the asymmetry Aξ we get Aξ = -0.009 ± 0.012(stat.)
Constraints on multiparticle production in scalar field theory from classical simulations
Authors: Demidov S.V. , Farkhtdinov B.R.
Published: October 2018

We report numerical results on classical scattering of waves in a scalar field theory and discuss their connection to multiparticle production.
Compact Exotic Tetraquark Mesons in Large-Nc QCD
Authors: Lucha Wolfgang , Melikhov Dmitri , Sazdjian Hagop
Published: October 2018

We embark on systematic explorations of the behaviour of tetraquark mesons, i.e., colour-singlet bound states of two quarks and two antiquarks, in the (idealized) limit of a large number of colour degrees of freedom, Nc,; of quantum chromodynamics, QCD. Considering the scattering of two ordinary mesons into two ordinary mesons, we start off with formulating a set of selection criteria that should enable us to unambiguously single out precisely those contributions to all encountered scattering amplitudes that potentially will develop tetraquark poles. Assuming that tetraquark mesons do exist and, if so, emerge in the contributions compatible with our criteria at largest admissible order of Nc; we deduce, for the categories of tetraquarks that exhibit either four or only two different open quark flavours, that the decay rates of these tetraquark types are, at least, of order 1/N2c and that internal consistency requires all the members of the first species to exist pairwise, distinguishable by their favoured two-ordinary-meson decay channels.
SUSY-like relation of the splitting functions in evolution of gluon and quark jet multiplicities
Authors: Kotikov Anatoly
Published: October 2018

We show the new relationship [1] between the anomalous dimensions, resummed through next-to-next-to-leading-logarithmic order, in the Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi (DGLAP) evolution equations for the first Mellin moments Dq,g(μ2) of the quark and gluon fragmentation functions, which correspond to the average hadron multiplicities in jets initiated by quarks and gluons, respectively. So far, such relationships have only been known from supersymmetric (SUSY) QCD. Exploiting available next-to-nextto- next-to-leading-order (NNNLO) information on the ratio D+g (μ2)=D+q (μ2) of the dominant plus components, the fit of the world data of Dq,g(μ2) for charged hadrons measured in e+e- annihilation leads to α(5)s (MZ) = 0:1205 +0:0016 -0:0020.
Asymptotes of multiplicity and transverse momentum correlation coefficients at large string density
Authors: Belokurova Svetlana
Published: October 2018

The multiple hadron production in high energy collisions is studied in the model with string fusion on transverse lattice. In the framework of the model the asymptotes of the correlation coefficients between the mean transverse momentum and the multiplicity and between the mean transverse momenta for realistic case of non-uniform string distribution in transverse plane were calculated. The results were obtained by two different methods using the alternative definitions of the correlation coefficients. It is shown that the asymptotes of the correlation coefficients obtained by these two methods coincide in the leading approximation. The examples with non-uniform string distribution in transverse plane were considered. Strong dependence of the correlation coefficient between the transverse momentum and a multiplicity on non-uniformity in the distribution of the strings was found. In particular it is shown that there are distributions of strings for which this coefficient becomes negative. For the correlation coefficient between transverse momenta its dependence on the scaled variance of the number of particles produced from a single string, which disappears in the case of a homogeneous string distribution, is analyzed. The analytical asymptote for the correlation coefficient between transverse momenta obtained at large string density are compared with the results of the MC numerical calculations of this coefficient.
Holography for Heavy-Ion Collisions at LHC and NICA. Results of the last two years
Authors: Aref’eva Irina
Published: October 2018

In the previous Quarks 2016 conference I have presented a concise review of description of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) formation in heavy-ion collisions (HIC) within the holographic approach. In particular, I have discussed how to get the total multiplicity and time formation of QGP in HIC that fit the recent experimental data. For this purpose we had to use an anisotropic holographic model. There are also experimental indications that QGP formed in HIC is anisotropic. In this talk I discuss static properties of anisotropic QGP, in particular, phase transition and diffusion coefficients.
Holographic RG flow at zero and finite temperatures
Authors: Golubtsova Anastasia
Published: October 2018

We consider a 5d holographic model with a dilaton potential representing a sum of exponential functions. We construct Poincaré invatiant and black brane solutions with AdS and non-AdS boundaries. Under the holographic duality these solutions can be interpreted as RG flows. We discuss the dependence of the running coupling on the energy through the constructed solutions.
About renormalized effective action for the Yang-Mills theory in four-dimensional space-time
Authors: Ivanov A.V.
Published: October 2018

This work is related to the asymptotic approach in the renormalization theory and its problems. As the main example, the Yang-Mills theory in four-dimensional space-time is considered. It has been shown earlier [16] that using the asymptotic of the bare coupling constant one can find an expression for the renormalized effective action, however, this formula has problems (divergence ln " and infinite series). This work shows the relation of these values and provides an answer for the renormalized effective action.