bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact on the Abandonment of Semi-Natural Grasslands from Apuseni Mountains
Authors: Vaida Ioana , Rotar Ioan , Păcurar Florin , Vidican Roxana , Pleşa Anca , Mălinaş Anamaria , Stoian Vlad
Published: December 2016

According to The European Communion in Europe there are large areas of abandoned grasslands (Osterburg and colab., 2010). The abandonment of grasslands entails substantial changes to the vegetation cover. Usually, after a period of time, semi-natural grasslands start to develop forestlike features. In Romania despite the existence of a subsidiary system large areas with semi-natural grasslands are abandoned. The objective of this paper was to analyze the effect of abandonment on the structure of vegetation cover. The experiment consists in 3 experimental variants (1 mowed annually, 1 abandoned for 5 years and 1 abandoned for 15 years) and is located in the village of Ghețari, from Gârda de Sus commune at an altitude of 1130 m. Vegetation was studied using the Braun-Blanquet method, modified by Păcurar and Rotar in 2014. The scientific results were processed with the numerical analysis application (Cluster Analyses) belonging to PC-ORD program. Results showed that the grassland abandoned for 5 years did not show any statistical difference compared to the grassland mowed annually. The grassland abandoned for 15 years showed modification in the structure of vegetation cover translated by the disappearance of numerous species.Our reccomandation is that semi-natural grasslands, which have numerous economical disadvantages because of their location, should be mowed at least every five years.
Study on the Sea-Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) Preparation Forms Destined to its Nutritio-Pharmaceutical Use
Authors: Dumitrescu (Manole) Carmen Georgeta
Published: December 2016

In conducting this research we started from the multiple uses of sea-buckthorn in our everyday life. In addition to the positive effect of sea-buckthorn plant on the environment, especially by fixing the soil, almost all parts of this miraculous shrub have therapeutically effect (fruits, leaves, shoots etc.) and can be consumed in various forms. Aim of this paper is to present the nutritional value of sea-buckthorn, recipes most frequently used and the effects that they have on people. In order to achieve all these, materials from the scientific literature were used, as well as an own research, carried out during a year, on a total number of 50 people. Results prove that the sea-buckthorn must be introduced, in greater extent, in our daily diet, as it improves human health.
Histo-anatomic Aspects on Zea Mays L. Influenced by Hemp Shives Polyphenolic Extract
Authors: Tănase Corneliu , Coşarcă Sanda , Oroian Silvia
Published: December 2016

The plant kingdom is an inexhaustible source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant character. It is known that, natural polyphenols are essential compounds in stimulating plant growth and development. The aim of this study was to identify the internal structure changes in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings, under the influence of hemp shives polyphenolic extract. Hemp shives polyphenolic extract was characterized in terms of the total content of polyphenols and individual content by HPLC. Germination tests were carried out going through a standard procedure. In order to perform the histo-anatomical characterization, the vegetal material was fixed and preserved in alcohol 70%, following to be cut by hand microtome. The sections obtained were stained using double staining reagents: green - iodine and ruthenium red. It was observed, compared with the control, that hemp shives polyphenolic extract determines a good development of the root hairs and increase leading bundles number and central vessels metaxylem. Hemp shives polyphenolic extract in lower concentrations has positive effects on developed process of Zea mays L. plants that can be attributed to bioregulation properties.
Conservation of Genetic Diversity in Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Authors: Maxim Aurel , Şandor Mignon , Roman Vasile , Bontea Daniel , Opincariu Adriana , Mihălescu Lucian
Published: December 2016

In the last two decades, both on International and European level a series of treaties and laws have been devised in order to save local varieties of crop plants. The most important methods of traditional seed conservation are on farm and ex situ (Maxim et al., 2010; Kontoleonet al., 2009). The identification of local Romanian varieties of bean, their morphological and agronomic description, seed production and its spreading in the purpose of genetic erosion reduction. Their have been taken into study 13 local varieties of bean. For the morphological description descriptors have been used accordingly to the IPGRI (International Plant Genetic Resources Institute). For the evaluation of the diseases attack, frequency (F%), intensity (I%) and degree of attack (GA%) have been calculated.The exchanges of seed between farmers were facilitated through the online catalog edited by the Eco Ruralis Association that promotes traditional seeds. Of the 13 local varieties of beean taken into study, two are with determined growth(15.3%), and 11 are with undetermined growth(84.7%). The most significant production of pods on the plant was documented on local variety MM 1039 (2.736kg), and the most significant production of beans on plant was documented on local variety HD 904 (1.156kg). The most resistant varieties against bacterian attack, anthracnose, aphids and rust were: SJ 890, CJ 909, CV 917 şi HD 1159. The growing phenomenon of genetic erosion implies the indentification and the conservation of crop plants. In the year 2015, 13 local varieties of bean have been taken into study that were used for conservation in seeds’ genbank and for the exchange of seeds between farmers.
Mineral Fertilization with UAN on Natural Grassland Festuca rubra L. with Agrostis capillaries L.
Authors: Rotar Ioan , Cirebea Mirela , Vidican Roxana , Păcurar Florin , Mălinaş Anamaria , Ranta Ovidiu
Published: December 2016

An important part of efficient livestock production is ensuring the sufficient grass for hay and pasture. However, low soil nutrient levels often limit forage production. With good fertilizer management and soil fertility, the productivity of many hay and pasture fields can be greatly improved. Through good fertilizer management, the productivity of many hay and pasture fields can be significantly improved by Ross H. McKenzie (2005). The aim of this paper was the effect of fertilization with liquid fertilizer (UAN) the harvest of dry and floristic composition changing on natural grassland. The experiment whose results we present was placed in 2014 in the place in Baisoara Mountain village, Cluj County. Experience has been placed on the Festuca rubra and Agrostis capillaries - of grassland type. The natural grassland of Festuca rubra with Agrostis capillaries responded very well to mineral fertilizers with liquid fertilizer UAN. The floristic composition of natural grassland fertilized with liquid fertilizers based on nitrogen, it can be seen an increase the Gramineae families and an evidence downward trend from Fabaceae families.
Characterization Phyto-Socio-Ecological of Agrostis capillaris L. Grasslands
Authors: Cirebea Mirela , Rotar Ioan , Vidican Roxana , Păcurar Florin , Mălinaş Anamaria , Ranta Ovidiu
Published: December 2016

Floristic composition of the pastures is a mirror action and practical factors applied station and management (maintenance and how to use). The purpose of this research is to assess the state of the biodiversity and pastoral value for Agrostis capillaries L. grasslands from the mountain area. Also, there has been analyzed the floristic composition and a series of ecological indexes, respectively humidity, soil reaction, temperature, and nitrogen. We examined how estimated species diversity patterns changed with varying survey intensity from Băișoara village, Cluj County, Romania, an Agrostis capillaries L. grasslands. The experiment was performed in 2015. The vegetation observations were made on 29 plots. In this descriptive plot been identified the type of grassland Agrostis capillaries, described in boreal at altitudes between 850 and 1200, generally starting on exhibitions east until the south (90˚ - 180 ˚).The floristic composition of the Agrostis capillaries grasslands from the studied area is influenced by the local conditions and the intensity of the exploitation, these surfaces being under-exploited.
Considerations Concerning the Impact of the Management on Pine Trees Drying Phenomenon
Authors: Covrig Ilie , Oroain Ioan , Odagiu Antonia , Burduhos Petru
Published: December 2016

The pine trees may support the consequences of the action of a series of various natural harmful factors, as break downs determined by strong winds, storms, or large amounts of snow, pathogens and mites’ attacks, and also anthropogenic harmful factors. The research was developed in Reghin Forestry District, arrangement unity Breaza 2, county of Mureş, in the year 2012. The biological material consisted of pine (Pinus nigra) trees, 40 years old. The following climatic and pine tree developmental parameters were monitored: temperature, humidity, and rainfall regimen, pine height, pine average diameter, and pine slenderness ratio. The experimental research emphasizes climatic conditions represented by an annual temperature of 9.27ºC, atmospheric humidity of 71.17%, and rainfall regimen of 5.48 mm. The averages of the diameter of the pine trees is of 11.76 m, of the height of 11.19 m, and of the slenderness ratio of 0.95, while the statistical analyze is repr4esentative. A strong positive correlation between pine trees’ diameter and height, of 88.70%, representative for 78.60% of the sample may be mentioned, ande between diameter and slenderness ratio, the correlation is equal to 0.452, representative t for 20.40%.
Assessing the Chemical Status of Water from Wells Which Supply Farms Located on Romania's territory. Part I
Authors: El Mahdy Cristina Iuliana , Popescu Silvana , Boaru Anca , Borda Cristin
Published: December 2016

Aim of this study was to assess the chemical status of water by point of view of the indicators parameters coming from the decentralized system of water supply (wells) and which supply the water of dairy farms performed in 63 wells from the same number of  farms from 5 located in: S-E, N-W and central of Romania at the request of farmers. It has been studied the parameters that indicate the status of water acidification: pH (SRISO 10523/97); indicator parameters having as landmark the minimum list of parameters monitored by the laboratories of profile from county public health department: hardness (STAS 3326/76), iron (STAS 3086/68), CCOMn (STAS:3002/85), ammonia (spectrometry), parameters indicative of saline inclusions: chlorides (STAS 3049/88), sulfates (SRISO 10523/97). Characterization of the chemical state of water: good or poor was done after the values that define the worst condition. The limit values for each parameter are compared to those required by the L.107/1996, L.458/2002, 311/2004, O.621/2012. Were recorded values which attesting good quality status for 21 wells:[ 1 Buzău (BZ),12 Cluj (CJ),2 Mureş (MS),6 Sălaj (SJ)] and 42 wells whose water quality status it is poor (6 AB, 5 BZ,17 CJ, 7 MS). Exceeding the limits values were found at the parameters: CCOMn (CJ: 05.29±3.87mgO2/dm3, 10.59±2.04 mgO2/dm3 AB); ammonia: (AB: 0.56±0.08 mg/dm3, MS: 0.51±0.1 mg/dm3), iron (BZ: 0.85±1.05 mg/dm3, CJ: 0.37±0.47 mg/dm3, MS: 0.62±0.57mg/dm3), chlorides (AB: 330.42±208.8 mg/dm3, MS: 243.18±164.8 mg/dm3). Contamination risk score of wells in the studied areas is medium (3 point).
Assessing the Chemical Status of Water from Wells Which Supply Farms Located on Romania's territory. Part II
Authors: El Mahdy Cristina Iuliana , Popescu Silvana , Boaru Anca , Borda Cristin
Published: December 2016

The study was performed at 63 wells that belongs to the decentralized system from the territory of 5 counties by Romania: AB- 7 wells, BZ-6 wells, CJ-33 wells, MS-1wells, SJ-6 wells taking into account the chemical parameters: nitrites (SRISO 6777/96), nitrates (SRISO 7890/1-98), report nitrates and nitrites in accordance with the L. 458/2002. Results reveals values of NO2: 0.32±0.08 mg/dm3AB, 0.23±0.08 mg/dm3 BZ, 0.33±0.05 mg/dm3 CJ, 0.23±0.03 mg/dm3 MS, 0.09±0.02 mg/dm3SJ, and NO3: 35.71±7.53 mg/dm3AB, 48.66±5.92 mg/dm3 BZ, 23.54±2.82 mg/dm3 CJ, 19.63±4.64 mg/dm3 MS, 31.16±5.12 mg/dm3 SJ which theoretically include waters in terms of two parameters in drinking water and good chemical states but, individual samples in terms of nutrient regime has exceedances influenced by poor cleaning, hygienisation and disinfection of wells.
The Role of Nitrobenzoic Acid Derivatives on Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration in Paulownia shan tong
Authors: Luca Roxana , Crișan Manuela , Botău Dorica
Published: December 2016

Paulownia is a multipurpose tree species with a rapid growth which is cultivated in several temperate zones worldwide for its economic importance. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of different alkanolamine salts of 4-nitrobenzoic acid on in vitro callus induction and plant regenerating in Paulownia shan tong.The alkanolamine salts, namely methylethanolamine 4-nitrobenzoate (4-NO2BA MMEA), diethanolamine 4-nitrobenzoate (4-NO2BA DEA) and triethanolamine 4-nitrobenzoate (4-NO2BA TEA) are new synthesized compounds with biological activity and low toxicity. The influence of title compounds on sprout length, number of internodes, number of leaves and number of ramifications has been studied at two different concentrations: 1 mg/L respectively 0.5 mg/L. The experimental data show that new tested compounds have a better growth effect on plant vegetable parties in report to control, the most eloquent results being obtained for 4-NO2BA MMEA. For callus induction 2,4-D hormonal balances were attempted and the development of callus was examined at two different concentrations. An induced callus development was observed regarding callus dimensions for all explants inoculated on culture medium supplemented with 2,4-D.
Effect of Different Storage Period on Lactic Acid Bacterias from Goji Yogurt and Goji Yogurt with Honey
Authors: Rotar Ancuta M. , Semeniuc Cristina , Bunghez Florina , Jimborean Mirela , Pop Carmen
Published: December 2016

Lactic acid bacterias (LAB: Streptococcus thermophilus-ST, Lactobacillus bulgaricus-LB) are well known in the food technology area for their ability to produce lactic acid (LA) from carbohydrates throught fermentation. In case of goji yogurt the interaction between the two species of LAB has influence on the fermentation period and LA quantity. LAB’s are widely used in the food industry because their growth in the dairy products lowers the carbohydrate content, they can also drop the pH values under 4.0, values were common pathogens are inhibited, and because of all these properties they are capable to prolong the shelf life. The present study aims to observe the evolution of LAB’s – ST and LB, from goji yogurt (7%) (A) and goji yogurt (7%) with honey (B) during the shelf life in corelation with other physico-chemical properties such as sugar content, fat content and dry matter. The samples for the evaluation were taken in the first day of storage, at the middle of storage period and in the last day of storage.
Bread quality characteristics as influenced by the addition of tomato seed flour
Authors: MIRONEASA Silvia , CODINA Georgiana Gabriela , OROIAN Mircea Adrian
Published: December 2016

The aim of this investigation was to incorporate tomato seed into bread in order to improve it quality. Whole ground tomato seed at different levels (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) was used to replace wheat flour 650 type of a very good quality for bread making to make bread. Bread quality through physical, colour, crumb cell, textural and sensory characteristics were analyzed and compared with those of bread without tomato seed. The substitution of wheat flour with 10% tomato seed has the effect of highest values for loaf volume, porosity and elasticity. Color intensity, expressed as the L*, a*, b* values of breads with tomato seed were lower than those of control bread. The hardness of bread samples increased with the increase level of tomato seed addition. Also, the addition of increasing amounts of tomato seed highlighted large cells in crumb structure of bread. Sensory characteristics showed that bread samples with addition of 5 or 10% tomato seed to wheat flour were similar from of point of view of overall acceptability, but 20% addition resulted in slightly acceptable samples. Principal Component Analysis revealed significant correlations (p < 0.05) between bread physical characteristics, loaf volume, porosity, elasticity and bread overall acceptability at different tomato seed flour addition levels in wheat flour. Overall, tomato seed flour could be incorporated up to levels of 10% into bread to provide its beneficial health effects, not negatively changing its quality.
Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Two Grape Varieties Using Pulsed Electric Field
Authors: VICAS Simona Ioana , BANDICI Livia , TEUSDEA Alin Cristian , BANDICI Gheorghe Emil
Published: December 2016

In this paper, our objective was to investigate extraction efficiency of polyphenols with antioxidant capacity from two varieties of grapes (white-Muscat Ottonel (MO) and red-Pinot Noir (PN)) using pulsed electric field (PEF). Grapes were harvested in the Crisana Santimreu vineyard in 2015. The grapes were declustered and crushed, and have been divided into three parts. A part was treated in PEF, the second one was homogenized, and then was treated in PEF and the last part remained untreated, representing the control samples. The bioactive compounds, like total polyphenol content and total flavonoid content, were determined by the spectrophotometric method. The antioxidant capacity of the samples was determined by three methods (DPPH, FRAPand TEAC). Our results show that the application of PEF to the crushed grapes increases the total polyphenol content 2.28 and 3.15 times and the total flavonoid content 7.17 and 5.29 times for MO and PN, respectively. Also, the antioxidant capacity was significantly increased when it was compared with the control sample. When the treatment in PEF was applied on homogenized grapes both bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity were significantly increased compared to the samples treated in PEF for crushed grapes. In the present research work, we demonstrated that the application of PEF to two different grape varieties significantly increased the level of total polyphenols and flavonoids and also the antioxidant capacity. The application of PEF to homogenized grapes was more efficient.
ENTHALPY EU PROJECT: ENABLING THE DRYING PROCESS TO SAVE ENERGY AND WATER, REALISING PROCESS EFFICIENCY IN THE DAIRY CHAIN
Authors: ALVAREZ PENEDO Berta , FORSTNER Sandra , RUSU Alexandru
Published: December 2016

The EU funded ENTHALPY project aims to significantly reduce the consumption of water and energy in milk powder production to increase efficiency in the dairy production chain. Using a systematic approach, ENTHALPY project focusses on innovations within the post-harvest chain representing the highest energy and water consumption such as RF heating, solar thermal energy, mono-disperse atomising, dryer modelling, inline monitoring, enzymatic cleaning and membrane technology,
Assesment of the total antioxidant capacity of apples peels during phisiological falls
Authors: MURESAN Elena Andruta , MUSTE Sevastiţa , MAN Simona Maria , VLAIC Romina Alina , POP Anamaria , MURESAN Vlad
Published: December 2016

The antioxidant capacity of apples peel extracts during the fruit development from three apple varieties (i.e., Ionathan, Golden Delicious and Starkrimson) were analyzed  at 7, 15, 35, 65, 107, 145 days after full bloom (DAFB). The total antioxidant capacities of extracts were evaluated using free radical scavenging effect over 1,1-diphenyl l-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical,  being determined by a spectrophotometric method.The maximum antioxidant capacity was recorded in the apples harvested 7 DAFB.
GOLD NANOPARTICLES ENCAPSULATED IN A POLYMERIC MATRIX OF SODIUM ALGINATE
Authors: POP Oana Lelia , LEOPOLD Loredana Florina , RUGINA Olivia Dumitrita , DIACONEASA Zortia , OPREA Ioana , TABARAN Flaviu , TOFANA Maria , SOCACIU Carmen , COMAN Cristina
Published: December 2016

Plasmonic nanoparticles can be used as building blocks for the design of multifunctional systems based on polymeric capsules. The use of functionalised particles in therapeutics and imaging and understanding their effect on the cell functions are among the current challenges in nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine. The aim of the study was to manufacture and characterize polymeric microstructures by encapsulating plasmonic gold nanoparticles in biocompatible matrix of sodium alginate. The gold nanoparticles were obtained by reduction of tetracluoroauric acid with sodium citrate. To characterize the microcapsules, UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy, optical and confocal microscopy experiments were performed. In vitro cytotoxicity tests on HFL-1 cells were also performed. The capsules have spherical shape and 120 μm diameter. The presence of encapsulated gold nanoparticles is also shown by confocal microscopy. In vitro tests show that the microcapsules are not cytotoxic upon 24 h of cells exposure to microcapsules concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 25 capsules per cell. The obtained microcapsules of sodium alginate loaded with plasmonic gold nanoparticles could potentially be considered as release systems for biologically relevant molecules.
Research on the Sensorial Quality and Economic Efficiency in Obtaining of a certain Raw Meat Product - Mici Paste
Authors: Salagean Claudiu-Dan , Tibulca Dorin , Marin Radu
Published: December 2016

Research aimed the sensorial quality connected with the economic efficiency to obtain a certain raw meat product (mici paste) in 4 experimental variants: 1 and 3 variants, with animal raw materials (meat + bacon) and mix of natural spices - fine grinding variant (1) and coarse grinding variant (3) - chopping at the volf through the sieve of 3-4 mm; 2 and 4 variants, with animal raw materials (meat + bacon) + vegetable protein supplements (textured soy protein) + binder (protein + fiber) + additive mix - fine grinding variant (2) and coarse grinding variant (4) - chopping at the volf through the sieve of 3 - 4 mm. In this respect organoleptic analyzes were performed on appearance (exterior and section), color, smell, texture and taste of the finished product (after roasting), the results highlighting that, in terms of organoleptic, sample 1 obtained the highest score (on a scale of 1-poor to 5-very good quality) (average 21.83), followed by sample 3 (average 19.22), the very small difference in the case of sample 2 (average 19.19) and finally, sample 4 (average 18.75). It was noted that sample 1 obtained the highest score (average) of all analyzed organoleptic indicators: appearance (4.33), color (4.39), smell (4.67), texture (4.33) and taste (4.11) being favorite by all volunteer subjects who participated at the analysis. The same thing was found in sensory analysis of mici paste in fresh/chilled condition: 65% of subjects preferred variant 1 followed by variant 3 (19.2%), variant 2 (11.5%) and finally, variant 4 (3.8%). In terms of economic the highest efficiency was found in 2 (specific consumption 0.73) and 4 (specific consumption 0.77) variants compared to 1 (specific consumption 0.80) and 3 (specific consumption 0.82) variants, which translates into a reduction in the cost of products manufactured in the variants 2 and 4 (with protein supplements and additive mix) by about 25-20% (with importance for the manufacturer). Also, thermal processing (roasting) revealed the highest weight loss (drying) in 3 (18.75%) and 1 (12.50%) variants compared to 4 (12.33%) and 2 (10%) variants in which case the vegetable protein supplements contributed to increased water retention capacity, and the processing way of the raw materials - their mechanical grinding (in this case) was another important factor that influenced the level of these technological losses that have a negative impact on the consumer. In conclusion, the 2 and 4 variants reveals higher functional, technical and economic advantages compared with 1 and 3 variants and also the customer satisfaction. Therefore, in order to obtain qualitative and economic performance, in product processing must take into account both technical and functional considerations, nutrition and the economic ones.
Safety Evaluation of the Grape Marc Spirit by GC-FID Analysis
Authors: Coldea Teodora , Mudura Elena , Ranta Nicoleta , Hadarean Darius
Published: December 2016

There were investigated grape marc spirits regarding their safety on consumers. Major volatile compounds which present risk to human health (such as methanol, furfural, and acetaldehyde) and ethyl alcohol content were compared to European Union Regulation and other values found in previous studies.  The aim of our study was to evaluate the safety of grape marc spirits considering their content in major volatile compounds by comparison with the requirements of European Union Regulation. We investigated the ethyl alcohol content by electronic densimetry and 10 major volatile compounds (acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, methanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, amyl active alcohol and furfural) by Gas Chromatography coupled with Flame Ionization Detector. We used reference chemicals to identify these compounds and 3-pentanol as internal standard to quantify the volatiles. Results were compared with the requirements of European Union Regulation. All major volatile compounds registered values in accordance to EU Regulation and the grape pomace spirits samples do not present any kind of risk for consumption.
Quality Control of Wild Berries Honey Syrup
Authors: Stan Laura , Hangan Alina Maria , Muste Sevastiata
Published: December 2016

This paper presents the quality control parameters of wild berries honey syrup . The product was created in laboratory (wild berries: honey, 1:4 w/w) and there were no changes recorded in overall quality over 6 months preservation at 1-2°C. Basic quality parameters of the product were evaluated: humidity, pH, acidity, hydroxymethylfurfural, diastase, total sugars and ascorbic acid. Methods developed by Internantional Honey Commission and Romanian Food Quality Standards were applied during this study. The product presented qood quality criteria and it was highly appreciated by consumers who tasted it. This study presents a valuable method to preserve fresh widberries in honey over a long period of time. The economical value of this experiment resides in making these fruits available outside the harvesting season.
Bioactive Labels for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables
Authors: Nasui Liana , Vodnar Dan , Socaciu Carmen
Published: December 2016

Pesticide residues and microbial load on the surface of fresh fruits and vegetables becomes a major concern due to the safety and quality of these products for consumer.In order to minimize these risk factors (pesticide residues and microbial load), were achieved labels for fruits and vegetables that are consumed with shell which disintegrates under the influence of water jet and thus reduce the amount of these contaminants. Were elaborated labels based on polymer (chitosan) at a concentration of 2%, which incorporate bioactive compounds from green tea with potential decontaminant of the peel of this products. Green tea extract was obtained by infusing 1 g of dried green tea in 100 ml water at 80° C for 10 minutes. The extract was filtered and then mixed with 2 g chitosan acidified with 0.7% glacial acetic acid and dilute to the mark with distilled water. Were identified bioactive compounds from green tea, using UV-VIS and HPLC. Then were elaborated the labels. These tags were used on pepper, tomato, apple and  nectarine. Were quantified the microbial load and the pesticide residues on their surface unwashed, washed only with water and were monitored the influence of labels on these factors. Identified pesticides were mefenoxan and thiamethoxam, which were quantified by HPLC. In what it concerns the influence, were founded the absence of germs at pepper and a significant decrease at the other. In terms of  the potential of reducing pesticide, the experimental results have indicated that the label can prove its effectiveness.
Revaluation of Waste Yeast from Beer Production
Authors: Suruceanu Nicoleta , Socaci Sonia , Coldea Teodora , Mudura Elena
Published: December 2016

Brewing yeast is an important waste product from beer production. The valorification of slurry yeast mainly consists of separation of vitamins and important nitrogen compounds. The hops compounds, one of the most important raw materials in beer technology are removed beforehand valorification. The prenylflavonoids compounds from hops are important bioactive compounds that can be revaluation with proper technology. Revaluation of prenylflavonoids from waste yeast into dietary supplement, identification and quantification of xanthohumol by HPLC method. Waste yeast from brewery pilot plant of USAMV Cluj Napoca it was dried by atomization and the powder was analyzed on xanthohumol content by HPLC method. For quantification a calibration curve it was used. The process of drying by atomisation lead to a powder product. It was used malt dextrin powder for stabilisation. The final product it was encapsulated. The xanthohumol content of powdered yeast it was 1.94 µg/ml. In conclusion the slurry yeast from beer production it is an important source of prenylflavonoids compounds.
The Reactivity and Allergenic Potential of Hazelnut Peptides
Authors: Calinoiu Lavinia Florina , Vodnar Dan Cristian , Socaciu Carmen
Published: December 2016

The aim of this paper was to focus on proteins present in some food products, like hazelnuts and to investigate their allergenic potential. Several techniques were used to characterize these extracted proteins, with respect to their composition, degradability by digestive proteolytic enzymes and their reactivity with specific antibodies. It was important to analyse which proteins were present in the hazelnuts, to see if there were proteins present to trigger an allergic reaction and if the digestion enzymes trypsin and pepsin influence the presence of the (allergic) protein compounds. Allergies to tree nuts and seeds can cause life-threatening and sometimes fatal reactions. To examine the properties of Hazelnut protein it was important to solubilize it by extraction. After extraction, it was investigated how hazelnut protein can be modified by proteases and what the effect was on the immune reaction. The Bradford method is a fast and sensitive method to determine the concentration of soluble protein. When the Bradford reagent (Coomassie Brilliant Blue) binds to the protein, the colour changes from red to purple and the absorption maximum changes from 495 to 595 nm. The value obtained as the final concentration of proteins was 7.3495. SDS-PAGE is a method to separate mixtures of proteins by electrophoresis. Protein molecules are negatively charged by binding of SDS molecules; subsequently they are separated in an electric field. Their differences in size (molecular weight) leads to separation. In this case the method is used to follow proteolytic degradation of hazelnut proteins (allergens) by intestinal proteases (trypsin, pepsin). A different, more specific and sensitive method is immunoblotting (Western Blot) in which the SDS-PAGE separated proteins are transferred from the gel to a membrane and specific antibodies are used in a series of reactions to visualize specific allergens on this membrane. The remarked spots represented a positive identification of allergenic proteins. This means that peptide fragments of various size, produced during the digestion of a protein can still be immunological active. As it was shown there was still reactivity between proteins and specific antibodies. The Dot Blot is a simple immunoblotting technique used to detected specific proteins in a mixture of different proteins and/or other molecules. No separation technique prior to the actual immuno-detection is necessary. Also, Dot Blot confirmed the presence of allergenic proteins made visible through the light spots on the membrane.
Characterisation of an Aromatic Plant-based Formula using UV-Vis Spectroscopy, LC–ESI(+)QTOF-MS and HPLC-DAD Analysis
Authors: Bunghez Florina , Socaciu Carmen , Zagrean Florina , Pop Raluca Maria , Ranga Floricuta , Romanciuc Florina
Published: December 2016

Abstract. It is known for a long time that seasoning/condimentary herbs have antioxidant activity and antibacterial properties, being good natural alternatives for disease prevention. The different efficiency of these plants is assigned to their bioactive molecules, stability and bioavailability. In the present study seven aromatic herbs (basil, thyme, oregano, rosemary, clove, cinnamon and sage) were investigated individually. A new product was developed using basil, thyme, oregano, rosemary, clove, cinnamon and sage, according to a default recipe. The characterization of each plant aimed to identify the specific “fingerprint” by its main bioactive molecules and the “traceability” of these molecules in the new product, made by mixing the selected plants according to a default recipe. In order to determine the main bioactive compounds of the individual plants composition, in comparison with the new plant-based (EPC) formula, high throughput techniques like UV-Vis spectroscopy and LC-QTOF-MS  spectrometry were used. The most important bioactive compounds determined in the studied herbs, which may exert antioxidant activity and antibacterial properties, were phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids), quinones, clorophylls as well some polar terpenoids. The fingerprints are providing comprehensive and accurate information about the compounds that may exert antimicrobial properties. In order to assure the biological effects and the bioavailability of the polyphenols and the secondary metabolites we have to consider the antagonistic and synergistic effect that the metabolites can exert on each other.
Application of FT-MIR Spectroscopy for Fingerprinting Bioactive Molecules of Plant Ingredients and a New Formula with Antimicrobial Effect
Authors: Bunghez Florina , Socaciu Carmen , Zagrean Florina , Fetea Florinela
Published: December 2016

Abstract. The present study aims to fingerprint 7 aromatic herbs (basil, thyme, oregano, rosemary, sage, clove, cinnamon)  and an original derived formula (EPC), in order to find specific biomarkers by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy. The studied aromatic herbs are well known for their antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic effect. After comparison of each plant FT-MIR spectra results concluded that these herbs are rich in phenolic compounds like flavonols, flavanols, phenolic acids, volatile phenols. The fingerprint region was set at 1400-1760 cm-1. FTIR spectroscopy is recommended as a reliable tool to evaluate the quality and authenticity of plant formulas.
Double entry bookkeeping vs single entry bookkeeping
Authors: Andreica Ileana
Published: December 2016

Abstract: A financial management eficiently begin, primarily, with an accounting record kept in the best possible conditions, this being conditioned on the adoption of a uniform forms, rational, clear and simple accounting. Throughout history, there have been known two forms of accounting: the simple and double entry. Romanian society after 1990 underwent a substantial change in social structure, the sector on which put a great emphasis being private, that of small manufacturers, peddler, freelance, who work independently and authorized or as associative form (family enterprises, various associations (owners, tenants, etc.), liberal professions, etc.). They are obliged to keep a simple bookkeeping, because they have no juridical personality. Companies with legal personality are required to keep double entry bookkeeping; therefore, knowledge and border demarcation between the two forms of organisation of accounting is an essential. The material used for this work is mainly represented by the financial and accounting documents, by the analysis of the economic, by legislative updated sources, and as the method was used the comparison method, using hypothetical data, in case of an authorized individual and a legal entity. Based on the chosen material, an authorized individual (who perform single entry accounting system) and a juridical entity (who perform double entry accounting system) were selected comparative case studies, using hypothetical data, were analysed advantages and disadvantages in term of fiscal, if using two accounting systems, then were highlighted some conclusion that result.
Qualitative Assessment of the Red Wine Varieties Grown in Dealu Bujorului Vineyard
Authors: Bora Florin Dumitru , Donici Alina , Ciubuca Aurel , Postolache Elena , Tabaranu Gabriel , Enache Viorica , Birliga Nicolaie , Pop Nastasia , Bunea Claudiu
Published: December 2016

Wine is considered to be a hydro alcoholic solution with more than 1000 components associated in an extremely complex manner, some of them can pass from grapes in an unchanged state, and some are formed during alcoholic and malolactic fermentation, while others appear due to the reactions between substances in their natural state, or based on the existing ones. The presence of phenolic substances in wine is essential, representing a major contribution in the forming of specific characteristics such as: colour, aroma and taste, thus allowing the distinction between different types of wine. The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the physicochemical composition of the three acknowledged varieties of young wine from the Dealu Bujorului vineyard (‘Merlot’, ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ and ‘‘Fetească Neagră’’), obtained under the culture conditions of 2012 - 2013 - 2014 years. The oenological parameters were determined after the national STAS regulations and effectively OIV methods. Statistical methods were employed in order to assess the organic and inorganic potential of wine. The ecoclimatic conditions studied in the Dealu Bujorului, Bujoru Wine Centre, highlighted the exceptional viticultural character of Romania as well as the authenticity character encountered in the large variety of wines produced in this area. Results also show that the vine varieties of cultivated in the Vineyard of Dealu Bujorului have a high content of macroelements (‘Merlot’ (890.01 ± 6.35 mg/L (2013)), ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ (111.36 ± 3.53 mg/L (2013)) and Feteasca neagră (97.30 ± 0.46 mg/L (2014)) that are very important for human’s health. Wine quality parameters analyzed shows that are influenced by the area of culture of vine but also they are influenced by the technology of winemaking.
Characterization of Momordica charantia Ussing FT-IR Spectroscopy
Authors: Keseru Attila , Andronie Luisa , Pop Iona , Rotaru Ancuta , Maniutiu Danut , Coroian Aurelia , Raducu Camelia
Published: December 2016

Momordica charantia (bitter melon) belongs to the family of Cucurbitaceae, a climbing vine which is commonly seen growing on walls and shrubs in the tropics.In this paper, because earlier claim shows that the plant used as stomachic, carminative, tonic, antipyretic, antidiabetic, in rheumatoid arthritis and gout, the present investigation was carried to characterized a principal components of plant using FT-IR technique
The standard characterization of the Romanian onion landrace ‘Roșie de Făgăraș’
Authors: Antofie Mihaela , Sand Sava Camelia
Published: December 2016

‘Roșie de Făgăraș’ is a red onion landrace originating from the old region Făgăraș Country situated in South East Transylvania. It was officially included in the National Official Catalogue for cultivars and hybrids in 1952, for almost 50 years, and erased before 2004 without applying in situ conservation measures. However, food security depends on the appropriate management of all genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA). Thus they have to be conserved and sustainable used and efforts have to be done for the recognition of this landrace as a PGRFA and therefore to be maintained "under conservation" into the Official Catalogue. The study focused on analysing data from three localities recognized for cultivating ‘Roșie de Făgăraș’, in order to evaluate morphometric characteristics of mature onion bulbs according to the UPOV Standard TG/46/7, productivity, land cultivation and socio-economic vulnerabilities. The analysis of morphometric measurements results support that ‘Roșie de Făgăraș’ is a medium size red onion that may have the chance to enter the market place, at least at the small scale, according to the current regulatory framework of the European Union regarding the conservation of landraces and provided by: Directive 2008/62/EC, Directive 2009/145/EC and Directive 2010/60/EU. The analysis of productivity, and land cultivation revealed dramatic land use change associated with the decline of cultivated area as following: 76.27% in Mândra, 50% in Recea and 33.34% in Beclean. With an increasing aging population, lack of political support for entering the market place, decrease of landowners cultivating ‘Roșie de Făgăraș’ for trade will increase vulnerability of traditional knowledge related to the conservation of this landrace.
Aceria kuko Mites: a Comprehensive Review of Their Phytosanitary Risk, Pathways and Control
Authors: Ciceoi Roxana , Mardare Elena Ștefania
Published: December 2016

The present review aims to identify the phytosanitary risk, the pathways and the possible control methods of a new eryophid alien species mentioned for the first time in Romania in 2010. The pest is Aceria kuko, the goji-berries gall mite, imported in Europe from China via orders by mail possibly in 2007 or 2008. Although the import from third countries into the European Union of Solanaceae intended for planting is prohibited according to Dir. 2000/29/EC, as a protective measure against the introduction into the Community of organisms harmful to plants or plant products and against their spread within the Community, the parcels ordered by mail escape the quarantine and pest & disease control services. Our field observations regarding the attack frequency, attack intensity and the losses indicate that the non-native plant pest is a potential threat also for Romania, although no attention has been given to it until the present moment. We consider that monitoring the presence of the mite in the Romanian Goji plantations and the changes in the A. kuko biology and ecology has a strategic importance and should be regarded as a biosafety measure not only for Romania, but for entire Europe, as the Goji fruits produced in Romania are mainly exported in the European countries.
Obtaining of Grafted Planting Material at Some Romanian Tomatoes
Authors: Doltu Madalina , Sora Dorin , Tanasa Veronica
Published: December 2016

The tomatoes have highest share in Romanian crops from protected spaces (greenhouses, solariums). The grafting is an agronomical technique that induces or improves some qualities of the tomato cultivars (resistance to soil diseases and pests, resistance to abiotic factors, quantity and quality of fruit production). The research was aimed the establishing of the technological stages for producing of scion and rootstock seedlings from L. esculentum species, to obtain compatible phenotype when is grafted. The observations of this research were conducted on Department of Horticultural Cultures in Protected Spaces from Horting Institute Bucharest. The experience was carry out on a cultivar collection consisting from L. esculentum plants: scions (‘Siriana’–F1 hybrid and ‘Buzău 1600’– variety), creations from the germplasm bank of Research and Development Station for Vegetable Growing Buzău Romania (VDRS Buzău) and rootstock (‘Groundforce’–F1 hybrid). The plant diameters were correlated for a grafting by the annexation method, cutting at 45 degrees. The grafting was performed successfully. The technological steps have achieved phenotypic compatibility of the symbiotes when was the grafting by annexation. The technology for producing of scion and rootstock seedlings at these Romanian tomatoes (‘Siriana’ and ‘Buzău’ 1600) was established for the crops in protected spaces in south area of Romania.
Mechanisms of Response to Salt Stress in Oleander (Nerium oleander L.)
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Al Hassan Mohamad , Vicente Oscar , Agrawal Veena , Boscaiu Monica
Published: December 2016

Elucidating the mechanisms of abiotic stress tolerance in different species will help to develop more resistant plant varieties, contributing to improve agricultural production in a climate change scenario. Basic responses to salt stress, dependent on osmolyte accumulation and activation of antioxidant systems, have been studied in Nerium oleander, a xerophytic species widely used as ornamental. Salt strongly inhibited growth, but the plants survived one-month treatments with quite high NaCl concentrations, up to 800 mM, indicating the the species is relatively resistant to salt stress, in addition to drought. Levels of proline, glycine betaine and soluble sugars increased only slightly in the presence of salt; however, soluble sugar absolute contents were much higher than those of the other osmolytes, suggesting a functional role of these compounds in osmotic adjustment, and the presence of constitutive mechanisms of response to salt stress. High salinity generated oxidative stress in the plants, as shown by the increase of malondialdehyde levels. Antioxidant systems, enzymatic and non-enzymatic, are generally activated in response to salt stress; in oleander, they do not seem to include total phenolics or flavonoids, antioxidant compounds which did not accumulate significantly in salt-trated plants
Studies on Biodiversity Diagnosis of Vineyard Farms at the Agro-Ecological Infrastructure Level
Authors: Tomoiagă Liliana Lucia , Ficiu Ligia , Tabaranu Gabriel , Argatu Cosmina , Zaldea Gabi , Vizitiu Diana
Published: December 2016

In Romania, the vine farms are currently spread on approximately 180.000 ha, therefore an important part of biodiversity, functional or planned is present. To avoid a biodiversity decline it is necessary for the vineyards to have a clear evidence of the state of their biodiversity.Based on the results obtained from the studied vineyards, during 2015, the agro-ecological infrastructure or AEI percent based on the actual area occupied varies between 7% and 35%. Evaluation of the implementation AEI during 2015 in wine-growing farms in Romania showed that the amount of semi-natural elements is not sufficient to stop the loss of biodiversity and their quality needs to be favored also.
The Current Status of Germplum Database: a Tool for Characterization of Plum Genetic Resources in Romania
Authors: Harta Monica , Sisea Cristian Radu , Pop Rodica , Szabo Katalin , Zanescu Maria , Clapa Doina , Domokos Dorottya , Botu Mihai , Pamfil Doru
Published: December 2016

In Romania, Prunus genetic resources are kept in collections of varieties, populations and biotypes, mainly located in research and development institutes or fruit growing stations and, in the last years, by some private enterprises. Creating the experimental model for the Germplum database based on phenotypic descriptors and SSR molecular markers analysis is an important and topical objective for the efficient characterization of genetic resources and also for establishing a public-private partnership for the effective management of plum germplasm resources in Romania. The technical development of the Germplum database was completed and data will be added continuously after characterizing each new accession.
Reaction of Sedum spurium „Purpurteppich” Exposed to Thermal and Hydric Stress
Authors: Zaharia Adrian , Jucan Denisa , Buta Erzsebet
Published: December 2016

A cultivar of sedum was used in this experience. Stems were harvested from normally developed plants and were exposed to extreme conditions of temperature and draught.  Results show that the plants lost significant quantities of water by physiological processes from one day to another, their weight varying from 16.8 g to 47.9 g.