bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análisis de Parámetros para la Producción de Biodiesel a partir de Aceite de Cocina Usado
Authors: Tovar Torres Marggie Lisbeth
Published: September 2022

La transesterificación del aceite de cocina usado se estudió con la finalidad de analizar los parámetros de producción de biodiesel, variando la relación molar alcohol-aceite, temperatura y cantidad de catalizador. La reacción se llevó a cabo durante 90 minutos, utilizando aceite de cocina usado, metanol e hidróxido de potasio (KOH) como catalizador. Los resultados mostraron que la mayor producción de biodiesel se llevó a cabo a condiciones de reacción de 60ºC, 1:6 relación aceite-alcohol y 1% KOH. La densidad obtenida se encuentra dentro de los estándares de la norma ASTM. De igual manera, se evidenció que el incremento de la cantidad de alcohol y de temperatura favorece mayor rendimiento de biodiesel, mientras que el aumento de catalizador impide su producción.
Clasificación de Naranja (Citrus X Sinensis) Madura y Verde Utilizando Visión Artificial
Authors: Rios Julio , Olarte Jeison , Muñoz Michael
Published: September 2022

El trabajo fue desarrollado con el fin de producir una herramienta para ayudar a los cosechadores de naranjas (cítricos x sinensis), utilizando visión artificial, de tal manera que se puedan clasificar frutos listos para el consumo y los que aun necesitan tiempo de maduración. Para lograr la clasificación de la fruta fue necesario utilizar técnicas de segmentación como las máscaras de color en los espacios HSV y CIElab, así como herramientas para procesamiento digital de imágenes como la binarización y filtrado. Como resultado más importante, se obtuvo un algoritmo capaz de identificar las frutas verdes de las maduras a través de procesamiento de imágenes con un porcentaje de acierto igual a un 82% para CIElab y un 88% para HSV.
Knowledge and awareness of HPV virus and HPV vaccine among medical students
Authors: J. C. Malavika , Hegde Rashmi
Published: September 2022

Background: Cervical cancer remains one of the major public health problems in India. India accounts for nearly one third of global cancer deaths with cumulative risk of developing cancer cervix is 1.6% and cumulative death risk is 1%. Infection with human papilloma virus increases the risk of acquisition of cervical cancer. High risk HPV such as HPV 16 and 18 are commonly associated with invasive cervical cancer. Implementation of HPV vaccination is a primary prevention strategy.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at SSIMS and RC, Davangere, Karnataka., including the first year medical students (148 students recruited). A 32-point questionnaire was administered to assess the knowledge, attitude and awareness regarding HPV virus and vaccination. The data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed using EpiInfo software.Results: Majority of the students were aware about the virus and the infection it causes. Only 50% of the students were aware of spectrum of malignancies HPV causes. 50% of the participants opined that HPV vaccination protects against cervical cancer. Students were more sceptical about the side effects caused by the vaccine. Only 35% of the students knew the right time to vaccinate. Almost all participants strongly felt the need to spread the information regarding HPV infection across the general public.Conclusions: Knowledge about HPV virus such as its role in causing cancer, subtypes, pathogenic mechanism and HPV vaccination is crucial. Being future physicians and their responsibility towards community, medical students are expected to know the basics about HPV virus and vaccine.
Randomized control trial of intra-peritoneal instillation of bupivacaine versus placebo for post-operative analgesia after laparoscopic hysterectomy
Authors: Dudam Naval , Barsode Salil , Borse Mahindra , Agrawal Saumya
Published: September 2022

Background: Laparoscopy is an established method to perform major surgeries, with many advantages over open surgeries. Hysterectomy is a common procedure performed with increased use of laparoscopy, having postoperative pain management is a major issue. Effective pain management promotes early ambulation, lowering the risk of DVT and PE.Methods: The present study aimed to assess effect of bupivacaine intraperitoneally during laparoscopic hysterectomy to reduce postoperative pain. 48 women undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy under ASA I and II general anesthesia were included, divided into 2 groups, group A receiving 0.25% bupivacaine intraperitoneally; group B receiving saline. A blind observer observed both groups for 6 hours post-surgery or until the VAS was 4, whichever came first, need for rescue analgesia, side-effects, and total dose of analgesia required in 24 hours. Diclofenac sodium and paracetamol was used as rescue analgesia for both groups.Results: There was no significant difference reported in demographic parameters between two study groups. The VAS scores at 6, 12 and 24 hours after laparoscopy was significantly lower in group A than group B. There was significant increase in the time required for 1st analgesia, while amount of analgesia required was significantly low in group A as compared to group B. There were significantly more number of patients in group B who needed opioids than group A.Conclusions: Peritoneal bupivacaine instillation after laparoscopic hysterectomy was found to be useful to reduce the pain as compared to use of saline (placebo), significant reduction in need for analgesics in the postoperative period.
Maternal and foetal outcome in patients referred to tertiary care hospital: 6-month prospective study
Authors: Chaudhary Haresh A. , Airao Bhavesh B.
Published: September 2022

Background: Early identification, initiation of early treatment and timely referrals are the crucial components for success of any maternal and fetal health intervention to reduce the maternal and fetal mortality. Objectives of the study were: to know the incidence of referred patients to C.U. Shah Medical College and Hospital, Surendranagar; to evaluate maternal and foetal outcome in the referred patients; and to identify lacunae in appropriateness and timeliness of referral.Methods: The present study was done in department of obstetrics and gynaecology C. U. Shah Medical College and Hospital, Surendranagar, during January 2022 to June 2022 (duration of 6 months) to study the referred patients with respect to age, parity, place of referral, types of transport used, causes of referral, maternal and perinatal outcome and if maternal and fetal death occurs, identify its cause.Results: Maximum patients are primigravida and of 20-30 years of age. Majority of patients used government vehicles/108 and only few have been using private vehicles. All patients reached C. U. Shah Medical College and Hospital within 2 hours, which is adequate for management of complications unless the patients are referred timely from the referring site. About 30% of patients are referred with no high-risk factors and 80% of patients are referred during emergency hours.Conclusions: Early identification, initiation of early treatment and timely referrals are the crucial components for success of any maternal health intervention. Minimizing the causes of delay to emergency obstetric care significantly decrease maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.
Ovarian mature cystic teratoma with malignant transformation and fistula formation into ascending colon: an unusual presentation of a dermoid cyst
Authors: Kumari Saroj , Mishra Nigamananda , Jain Neha , Koria Rashi
Published: September 2022

Mature cystic teratoma of ovarian origin in postmenopausal female is an unusual differentiation. It is usually a straight forward diagnosis on imaging due to its fat and calcified contents. Here we present how a malignant transformation in mature cystic teratoma causing fistulous communication with bowel loops makes the diagnosis difficult even after using almost all the imaging modalities in the patient's workup and subsequently how it was managed surgically.
Surgical stump site pregnancy-an unusual case report
Authors: Kulshreshtha Apoorva , Mishra Parul , Malhotra Sapna
Published: September 2022

Ectopic pregnancy is an obstetrics emergency which we all encounter in our day-to-day practice. Though maternal mortality rate is decreasing worldwide, still ectopic pregnancy is an important contributor towards maternal morbidity and mortality. Ectopic pregnancy at surgical stump site after salpingectomy is extremely rare with reported prevalence of 0.4-1.2%. We report one of such unusual case of 30 years old female, who had history of left salpingectomy 5 years back and presented to our hospital with abdominal pain. On evaluation, ectopic pregnancy at ipsilateral tubal stump was confirmed and she was successfully managed with surgical intervention. As early diagnosis of tubal stump pregnancy holds the key in successful management, we should keep high suspicion and carefully examine the patients with history of salpingectomy for ectopic pregnancy.
Primary maternal healthcare service utilization among pregnant women in the oil producing Nchia-Eleme community in Nigeria
Authors: Ngbala-Okpabi Sabinah O. , Eleke Chinemerem
Published: September 2022

Background: Skilled maternal healthcare services in primary healthcare centres (PHCs) are aimed at preventing childbirth complications. This study examined the primary maternal healthcare service utilization among pregnant women in the oil-producing Nchia-Eleme community in Nigeria.Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was applied to a purposive sample of 250 pregnant women in Nchia-Eleme from February to April 2022 during an oil spill clean-up exercise. Data were collected using a novel semi-structured questionnaire. Data description and analysis were done with frequency, percentage, and odds ratio at a 5% level of significance.Results: More than half (58.4%) of the respondents completed four focused antenatal visits in a PHC in their previous pregnancy. Less than half (34%) of them gave birth in a PHC. Apart from the PHC, the other places the respondents gave birth were the trained midwife’s home (32%) and the traditional birth attendant’s facility (19.6%) among others. The most cited reason for the non-utilization of birth services in the PHC was that labour began at night and the chosen birthplace was closer to home (32.4%). Respondents with at most a secondary school education had 2.7 times greater odds of not giving birth in a PHC compared to those with at least a diploma (p<0.001).Conclusions: The utilization of maternal healthcare services in PHCs is poor in Nchia-Eleme and lower educational attainment is associated with the poor utilization. More targeted interventions to reduce the gap in ANC and birth care utilization are recommended.
Study of clinical-etiological profile, outcome and maternal risk-factors of birth asphyxia: a hospital based observational study
Authors: Nikhurpa Mamta
Published: September 2022

Background: Birth asphyxia is an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. According to world health organization (WHO) out of the 130 million babies born every year, about 4 million die in the first 4 weeks of life the neonatal period. This study is aimed to assess the incidence, risk factors, complications and maternal variables associated with birth asphyxia.Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted at pediatric newborn stabilization unit (NBSU) district hospital, Bageshwar (Uttarakhand) over a period of 12 months from January 2021 to December 2021. Total 110 newborns with no spontaneous breathing or APGAR score <7 at 5-minute requiring basic/advanced neonatal resuscitation as per NRP AHA protocol were enrolled in this study. Detailed mother’s antenatal history, risk factors along with clinical course of neonate was documented as per NICU protocol till the hospital stay in pre-designed pro-forma.Results: Total 110 newborns were admitted with incidence of 6.2% and mean birth weight of 2760±575 gm. Male gender (71%), Term delivery (82.7%), majority 85.4% neonates were revived by basic, 27.2% developed HIE grade 1. Outcome wise majority 71% (78) were discharged, 22.7% (25). Among maternal variables, majority 82.7% (91) were booked pregnancy with mean maternal age 25.69-year, multigravida 54% (59), anemia 54.5% (60) and meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) constitutes most common risk factor.Conclusions: Birth asphyxia is an important contributor of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Focus on early identification and timely management along with proper antenatal care and identification of high-risk pregnancy is crucial.
A comparative bioequivalence study to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile and safety of single-dose of dydrogesterone 10 mg tablets in healthy adult female volunteers
Authors: Sharma Akhilesh D. , Chatterjee Anindita , Vaddem Radhakrsihna
Published: September 2022

Background: Dydrogesterone is a progesterone derivative. It is indicated in variety of disorders requiring progesterone administration. The basic aim of this bioequivalence (BE) study was to compare the pharmacokinetic profile of generic dydrogesterone 10 mg tablets (test product- Dydrosure) versus the innovator brand.Methods: This was a randomized, open-label, balanced, two-treatment, two-period, two-sequence, two-way crossover, single oral dose BE study conducted in healthy adult females under fasting conditions. A total of 28 subjects participated and 27 subjects completed both the study periods with 14 days washout in between. A total of 23 serial blood samples were collected starting from pre-dose to 72-hour post-dose. The primary pharmacokinetic parameters included peak plasma concentration (Cmax), area under the curve from zero to time t (AUC0-t) and zero to infinity (AUC0-inf); and 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of geometric least square mean (LSM) ratio of test product versus reference product were computed to evaluate the BE. The safety evaluation was based on reported adverse events (AEs) and laboratory parameters.Results: The 90% CIs of geometric LSM ratio of all primary pharmacokinetic parameters were within the range of 80 to 125%. The sequence, period and treatment did not have significant effect on the primary pharmacokinetic parameters. A single AE of dizziness was reported with the test product which was mild in intensity and transient in nature.Conclusions: Based on the statistical analysis of dydrogesterone, it is concluded that the test product (T): Dydrosure (dydrogesterone tablets IP 10 mg) manufactured by Alkem Laboratories Ltd., India is bioequivalent to the innovator’s brand, in terms of rate and extent of absorption under fasting conditions. The test product can be used interchangeably with the innovator’s brand.
Quality of life in drug resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Chatterjee Siddharth
Published: September 2022

Background: India has largest population of drug resistant tuberculosis, the treatment of which is long and full of adverse drug reactions. Despite the ongoing research in clinical and pharmacological aspects, quality of life in drug-resistant tuberculosis remains less explored. Methodology: This hospital based cross-sectional study done in the at tertiary care center in Surat, from January 2019 to February 2020, enrolling patients above 18 years, with multi-drug/ extensively drug resistant tuberculosis, who suffered > 1 adverse drug reaction after commencing treatment. SF-36 was administered and QOL scores calculated in social, mental and physical domains. Results: Among the 120 patients studied, majority(87.5%) were had  pulmonary tuberculosis. 92.5% and 7.2% were multi-drug resistant and extensively drug resistant respectively. The quality of life was poor in all three domains- physical (25.1), social (39.5)and mental (39.5).Gender, type of tuberculosis, past history of tuberculosis did not affect the QOL significantly. Conclusion: Drug-resistant tuberculosis along with its associated adverse drug reactions greatly impacts the quality of life in all domains. Measures need to focus not just on treatment of disease but also the adverse drug reactions, rehabilitation and counselling measures as well.  Keywords: Drug-resistant Tuberculosis, Adverse drug reactions, Quality of life
Mucormycosis of oral cavity: a descriptive case report from a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Kumar Binay , Prasad Nidhi
Published: September 2022

We presented an interesting case report of mucormycosis (Rhizopus Oryzae) in a recovered COVID-19 patient, its diagnosis and identification. The patient in past visited our institute with symptoms of COVID-19, she was a known case of tuberculosis and was taking ATT and diabetic (DM-2) patient. She was diagnosed COVID positive and successfully treated at our institution and discharged after recovering from the complications. After approximately two months of getting discharged from the hospital she again visited the post COVID clinic with symptoms of fever and numbness around face and on routine examination a blackish tissue like growth seen involving the hard palate and post nasal area. Mucormycosis (phycomycosis, zygomycosis) is an acute opportunistic infection generally develops secondary to debilitating diseases. But increased incidence was noticed in COVID-19 affected individuals. In head, neck and oral cavity the mold usually gains entry through respiratory route involving maxillary sinuses and oral cavity. The fungus causes great damage to the anatomical structures leading its necrosis. Hence an early diagnosis and surgical interventions is must for a good prognosis, decreasing morbidity and mortality. Extensive Research needs to be carried out in COVID patient specially treatment to prevent and reduce the cases of opportunistic infection in order to reduce its incidence and morbidity/mortality.
Neutropenic enterocolitis in a non-immunocompromised patient presenting with lower respiratory tract infection: a case report
Authors: Saha Somesh , Roy Aakash Guha , Sarkar Shramana , Deb Shramana , Mondal Ritwick
Published: September 2022

Neutropenic enterocolitis (NEC) has been widely reported in adults with myelofibrotic disorders, solid malignant tumors, bone marrow transplantation as well as in myelotoxic chemotherapy. Here we reported a case of a 66-year-old non-diabetic, hypertensive female without any prior history of immunosuppression or any underlying malignancy or related chemotherapy; who presented with severe dyspnoea, low grade fever and cough. Followed by a course of effective conservative management and initial stabilization, on investigation her TLC was found to be abnormally low with severe neutropenia and a hyperinflammatory response induced myelosuppression with LRTI was suspected. Subsequently, subcutaneous G-CSF, broad spectrum antibiotics were initiated along with supportive management. She developed abdominal distension, diffused pain and tenderness with hypoactive bowel on the following day. After 3 days of G-CSF trial, neutrophil count started to increase along with her overall improvement. CECT was performed with positive findings of multiple colonic short segment involvement without any stricture, pericolic fat stranding and perforation; reflecting towards a resolving neutropenic enteropathy.
Potential use of glucosamine, chondroitine, chitosan and phytoestrogen for patients with osteoarthritis
Authors: Kermawan Putu , Karna Made Bramantya , Jawi I. Made , Kertia Nyoman , Wiwekananda Ketut Shri Satya , Yogananda Ketut Shri Satya
Published: September 2022

The burden of musculoskeletal disease has increased significantly to become the second leading cause of YLD (years of life with disability). Osteoarthritis (OA) therapy that is often given is ibuprofen (NSAID) often give side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a literature review to explore evidence of how much potential these materials have for treating OA. The literature review was conducted on four databases, e.g., Pubmed, Scopus, Science direct, Clinical Key. We used several keywords to find each topic of discussion. Topic 1, benefits of glucosamine chondroitine; topic 2, benefits of chitosan; topic 3, benefits of phytoestrogens. Data from included studies were then extracted. Obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. Glucosamine-chondroitin had a significant effect in reducing pain, reducing inflammation, reducing the rate of joint space narrowing and helping to improve joint function in OA patients with long-term use. Furthermore, the potential of chitosan can help bone remodeling, reduce pain, and inflammation. Besides, phytoestrogens also have the potential to increase bone mineral density, reducing the rate of bone turnover and reduce the occurrence of obesity through its anti-cholesterol effects. The complexity of the mechanism of action given, ranging from preventing the biggest risk factor, namely obesity; treating the main causes such as inflammation and cartilage damage; and also to treating the symptoms such as joint pain and stiffness. In the future, it is necessary to conduct clinical trials study using the ingredients glucosamine, chondroitin, chitosan and phytoestrogens to treat patients with OA.
Comunidade Microbiana de Biofilmes de Filtros Lentos para o Tratamento de Água: Uma Revisão Sistemática
Authors: Azevêdo Larissa Coêlho , Lima Anderson de Jesus , Conceição de Gois Santos Michelan Denise
Published: September 2022

Filtros lentos de areia (FL) são amplamente aplicados para tratar a água para uso potável. A remoção de contaminantes (matéria orgânica e microrganismos) ocorre principalmente na camada de biofilme, enriquecida de comunidade microbiana (CB), são ainda pouco compreendidos. O presente trabalho é uma revisão sistemática, com objetivo de analisar e identificar artigos sobre CB em FL, com base nas plataformas Scopus, Web of Science e ScienceDirect e retorno de 2496 artigos. Destes, apenas 22 satisfizeram os critérios de inclusão, analisados integralmente. A avaliação da qualidade metodológica dos estudos incluídos identificou 10 filos, 20 gêneros e 6 técnicas de identificação (T). Assim, o estudo demonstrou a variedade de microrganismos e respectivas T, além de mostrar a necessidade de pesquisas com maior rigor de T e com evidências sobre a função de cada microrganismo.
Study of serum lipid profile in acne vulgaris patients
Authors: Jisha R  , Yogapriya V  , Jessy S J
Published: September 2022

Acne vulgaris is a common dermatological disease whose etiology and pathogenesis is multi factorial. Our study aims to assess the contribution of alteration in lipid metabolism to the pathogenesis of Acne. 35 acne patients and 35 healthy people were selected and their lipid profiles were compared. Although the parameters were high in acne patients, only elevation in triglycerides was statistically significant.And no significant difference was found among cases and controls in any other lipid profile parameters. Hence further studies are needed to determine the association of lipid profile with the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris and in the treatment of acne.
Comparison of sodium fluoride and serum separator tubes for blood glucose estimation – What’s the best option?
Authors: Samuel Joel Kevin Raj , V. G Karpaghavalli , Chandrasekaran Shanmugapriya
Published: September 2022

The efficacy of sodium fluoride tubes in preserving glucose was compared against a serum separator tube with a gel barrier. We compared the fall in blood glucose levels in a fluoride - oxalate tube against levels in a serum separator tube. A heparinized tube was used as a standard.

45 samples were drawn from healthy patient volunteers and distributed into the different tubes. Patients on medications or with chronic kidney disease were excluded. Glucose estimation was done by glucose oxidase-peroxidase method using a semi-automated colorimetric analyser. Samples were immediately centrifuged and stored at room temperature. The fall in glucose levels in each tube was measured at predefined time intervals of 1, 2, 4, 12 and 24 hours.

There was no statistically significant difference in the glucose values measured in the fluoride and serum separator tubes at all time intervals from 1 to 24 hours. There was no statistically significant difference in the glucose values measured in all three tubes until 4 hours. However, there was an error beyond acceptable limits (for medical decision making as per CLIA criteria) in the difference in values between the fluoride and heparin tubes at 2 and 4 hours.

Thus, there is no difference between use of a fluoride tube or a serum separator tube for up to 24 hours. A serum separator tube can be used when many analytes are to be measured in the same sample and a fluoride tube can be used when only glucose is to be estimated. A heparinized tube will suffice if glucose estimation will be done within one hour of collection.
Trace elements in hypothyroidism in relation to L-thyroxine therapy
Authors: Mahmood Shaik , Fatima Tamkinath , Anees Syyeda
Published: September 2022

Hypothyroidism is a common disorder in the population with a female predominance. Most hypothyroidism cases were found in the age group range of 30–35 in both the sexes of individuals but women were more prone to develop it. Disturbance or imbalance in the thyroid hormone levels is the underlying cause of resultant hypothyroidism. A comparative study of serum T3 (triiodothyronine), T4 (thyroxine), TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone), copper, zinc, magnesium and iron was done in 100 normal individuals as controls (Group I). 100 Hypothyroid patients showing Good Response to Levothyroxine Therapy – GRLT as (Group II A) and 100 Hypothyroid patients showing Poor Response to Levothyroxine Therapy – PRLT as (Group II B) over a period of 1 and half year in the age group of 20 to 45 years. The levels of TSH were found to be elevated in hypothyroid patients with relatively lower levels of serum T3 and T4 as per our study conducted in hypothyroid patients with PRLT when compared with the healthy subjects and patients in GRLT group. A study of implementation of levothyroxine therapy in hypothyroid subjects showed improvement in the patients with all the hormone levels returning back to the pre – hypothyroid state in majority of the hypothyroid patients with GRLT in comparison with the controls. Results of the study indicate a significant decreased levels of serum copper, zinc and iron in hypothyroid patients showing poor response to levothyroxine therapy whereas the magnesium levels in the serum of hypothyroid individuals with poor response to levothyroxine was found elevated. The serum levels of all the trace elements studied i.e., copper, zinc, magnesium, and iron in GRLT hypothyroid individuals and controls were within the normal ranges. Further studies are however needed on these parameters for establishing serum levels of trace elements in hypothyroidism in relation to response to levothyroxine therapy.
Methodology of higher education in the new reality: additive construction of the up-to-date product
Authors:   Samara State Technical University, Nesterenko Vladimir Mikhailovich , Melnik Nadezhda Mikhailovna ,   Samara State Technical University
Published: September 2022

Introduction. A systematic understanding of the need and possibility of the transition of the process of cognition to a holistic display of the world in its actual reality is an urgent task of modern higher education. In a rapidly changing professional environment, it is especially important to justify and consciously choose the direction of the search for information and the creation of knowledge on its basis in the process of constructing an up-to-date product. The purpose of the study: theoretical justification and study of the advantages of parametric representation of interactions and relationships in the virtual design system in preparation for cognitive activity based on the transformation and translation of relevant information between the real environment and its personal representation in the knowledge of a specialist in the process of designing a demanded product with certain properties and value. Methodology and research methods. The activity approach was adopted as a fundamental one, the study of which is aimed at identifying the features of implementation in the process of learning the principles of the universal law of symmetry, which made it possible to formulate the conditions for the development of the ability to present information in proportion to the center of symmetry “activity”, establish a connection of any information with a certain direction of activity and correlate it with a change in the properties of the constructed product. In the course of the study, the study, we used the methods of analysis of the basic concepts of the study, cause-effect analysis of the phenomena under study and relationships in the systems, parametric modeling. Results. The article presents a new model of cognition, a parametric model of constructing an up-to-date product that provides virtual systemic impacts of the subject on the object (activity), forecasting and evaluating the results of these impacts (information on changes in the parameters of the object state depending on the direction of the subject's activity), and creating new valuable knowledge (what should be done to obtain an actual product). The expediency of implementing a new model of cognition based on additive technologies with a universal multi-event representation of the cognition process is substantiated. It is proved that the construction of an up-to-date product and valuable knowledge is provided by an additive synthesis of relevant information as a result of a superposition of events in personally chosen direction of activity. The process of additive construction of the up-to-date product, valuable knowledge and reflective evaluation is presented.
Dynamics of psychological readiness of students for entrepreneurial activities
Authors:   Timiryasov Kazan Innovation University, Klimanova Natalya Georgievna , Tereshсhenko Nina Gennadievna ,   Timiryasov Kazan Innovation University
Published: September 2022

Introduction. The relevance of this topic is in the fact that Russia, a modern rapidly developing country, has a problem in preparing young people for entrepreneurship and forming their entrepreneurial readiness. Modern Russia acutely needs entrepreneurs because a developed economy cannot exist without such a sector as entrepreneurship. The current state of this problem indicates the insufficient knowledge of students' readiness for entrepreneurial activity, as well as the ways of its development. The aim of the work: to diagnose psychological readiness for entrepreneurship before and after the implemention of the author's developed training program “The Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship” aimed for students to acquire the necessary theoretical and practical knowledge, skills and abilities. Materials and methods: a pilot study of psychological readiness was conducted (before training under the program “The Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship” and after it). The study involved 102 students in the humanities, aged 19-23 years (boys and girls). A questionnaire by E.K. Klimova "The diagnostics of psychological readiness for entrepreneurship” was used to collect empirical data. Results: the results allow us to conclude that with initially low readiness of students for entrepreneurship, it is possible to successfully improve this level with the help of the developed program “The Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship”. Conclusion. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that modern universities can implement the training program “The Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship” in their curricula, and prepare students for future entrepreneurial activities.
A study of cognitive characteristics in employees of small business: standardization of the method
Authors:   Crimean Engineering and Pedagogical University, Tishchenko Nikolay Anatolevich , Luchinkina Irina Sergeevna ,   Fevzi Yakubov Crimean Engineering and Pedagogical University
Published: September 2022

Introduction. The features of the cognitive activity of the individual, which influence the perception of the image of the enterprise as a place of work, are analyzed. Regardless of the type of the prevailing organizational culture of the enterprise, the attitude of the staff to the enterprise may differ, and such differences are associated with cognitive distortions in the thinking of employees. However, there are no methods diagnosing these distortions in organizational activity. The purpose of the article is to describe the method of studying cognitive distortions of a person's thinking in organizational activities. Methodology (materials) and methods: the author proposes the methodology “Cognitive distortions in organizational activity”, which allows to identify cognitive distortions of the staff. Results: in the course of the questionnaire standardization procedure, data on its reliability and validity were obtained, as well as data from the expert community, which allows us to conclude that the Cognitive Distortions in Organizational Activity questionnaire successfully realizes its goal: to study the cognitive attitudes of the individual in the perception of the organization. Reliable values were determined for each of the scales: dichotomy, catastrophic thinking and depreciation of the positive, emotional justification, labeling, mental filter, mind reading, personalization, obligation and overgeneralization. The calculated values of Cronbach's α-coefficient were in the range of 0.8-0.9, which indicates the development, balance and reliability of the questionnaire.
Features of the image of the world of students prone to suicidal behavior
Authors:   Belgorod State National Research University, Dyachenko Andrey Anatolievich , Razuvaeva Tatyana Nikolaevna ,   Belgorod State National Research University
Published: September 2022

Introduction. The issue of preventing suicidal behavior among young men becomes more and more serious every year in the context of modern teaching in the system of higher education. Within the framework of this work, an attempt has been made to identify such suicidal factors that would combine the above-described phenomena for possible further development of psychoprophylactic measures with tools at the disposal of higher education. This issue is actively studied in modern science, but mostly research on this topic focuses on teenagers, although the issue of suicidality is also acute in adolescence. The purpose of the article is to study the features of the image of the world in students who are prone to suicidal behavior. Methodology and methods: to study the propensity to suicidal behavior, the following methods were used: CP-45 by P.I. Yunatskevich, A Suicide Risk Questionnaire modified by T.N. Razuvaeva. To study the features of the image of the world, the following methods were used: The Methodology of Ideological Activity by D.A. Leontiev, A.N. Ilchenko; The System of Life Meanings Methodology by V.Y. Kotlyakov; The Value Orientations Methodology by M. Rokich (with modification of the research procedure by D.A. Leontiev). Results. The content aspect of the worldview as the core of the image of the world of a person prone to suicidal behavior is aimed at communicative meanings, while neglecting altruistic, family, hedonistic and self-realization meanings. The value image of an ideal personality in young men prone to suicidal behavior includes an image aimed at ethical and conformist values. The degree of activity in understanding the world by a person prone to suicidal behavior is at a high level. The greatest antisuicidal power in this aspect is the average level of activity. The features of the content aspect of the worldview indicate a high need for the suicidal person to communicate with other people, which is also indicated by the dominance of conformist values in the image of an ideal person. Given the high level of activity in the comprehension of the world by this person, it can be assumed that there is an existential and value crisis. This is also indicated by the disregard for the conservative dogmatic meanings of family and altruism.
Psychological time of the personality of older people: a theoretical review
Authors:   Chelyabinsk State University, Danilova Anastasia Anatolievna , Zabelina Ekaterina Vyacheslavovna ,   Chelyabinsk State University
Published: September 2022

Introduction. With the global aging of society, the relevance of the problem of psychological time of the elderly is increasing. The lack of research in this scientific field, the lack of systematic knowledge in this matter increases the need to study it. The purpose of the article is to summarize research data on the problem of psychological time of the personality of elderly people, to highlight the dominant trends in domestic and foreign psychology on the stated problem. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the works of psychological scientists, whose scientific interest lies not only in the plane of psychological time, but also in the late socialization of the elderly. The main research method is the theoretical analysis (meta-analysis) of the available scientific works in the world science, focused both on the construction of a scientific theory of psychological time, and on empirical studies of this phenomenon in older people. The result of the study is the identification of the main directions in the field of the research of the problem of psychological time of the elderly, as well as the detection of “white spots” and contradictions in the available data. A distinctive feature of the Russian approach to the psychological time of the elderly is the orientation to the clinical and psychological aspects, which make it possible to reveal the perceptual and cognitive sides of the designated problem to a greater extent. Foreign literature focuses on the cognitive components of psychological time: the time perspective of the future, subjective age, features of perception of the past. Contradictions in research positions on the issues of sustainability − plasticity of the subjective age of older people, the relationship between subjective age and well-being, between future time perspective and life satisfaction in the old age are revealed. The features of temporal focus in the elderly have not been practically studied. These contradictions serve as a starting point for further scientific research
Academic mobility of students: values, attitudes and social practices in the South of Russia
Authors:   Institute of Socio-Political Research of Federal Center of Theoretical  and Applied Sociology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zaytseva Anastasiya A.
Published: September 2022

Relevance: Academic mobility, as a special type of movement for the purpose of ed-ucational and scientific practices, is one of the mechanisms of self-regulation of the learning process of Russian students. In the South of Russia, expanding the prospects for intra-university and intra-Russian academic mobility contributes to improving the quality of education, creating a unified intellectual environment and promoting tour-ism practices. Scientific problem: A critical analysis of the scientific literature has shown that the scientific literature has not yet considered how the prevailing ideas about education and values affect students' attitudes to academic mobility. The pur-pose of this study was to identify the features of attitudes and social practices of ac-ademic mobility of Russian students, limited by formal external barriers existing in universities in the South of Russia. Methods: The theory of mental programs is used to study the concepts of education as a value, attitudes and social practices of aca-demic mobility. The analysis is based on the study of significant relationships of vari-ables through the Chi-square criterion. Research results: Attitudes to intra-university mobility are highest among students with pragmatic views, although, in general, ideas about education have little effect on intra-university mobility. Students with con-servative ideas show a great attitude to the practices of intra-Russian mobility, see them as an educational value. While students with liberal and pragmatic views believe that this may interfere with their studies at their native university or they are not in-terested in it. Most students have an attitude to international mobility, but do not have the financial opportunity for it. The number of implemented social practices is largely due to external factors, that is, the opportunities that exist in the universities of the Rostov region and the Republic of Crimea, as well as the state of academic mobility in Russian higher education in general. Conclusions: Academic mobility of students in Russia is of particular importance for improving the quality of higher edu-cation in the country. The student youth in the South of Russia, showing a high de-gree of self-regulation, demonstrates high attitudes to all types of academic mobility. However, the nature of attitudes is largely determined by the conservative and liberal ideas of students that have developed in the process of social programming.
Changing social reality: a reflection on theoretical and empirical aspects of sociological research on youth
Authors:   Institute of Socio-political Research, Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical  and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zubok Yuliya A.
Published: September 2022

The processes of social reality formation and changes as well as the role of youth in these processes are analyzed in the article from the phenomenological point of view. Both formation and change are considered in the interaction of objective and subjec-tive aspects of human life, where the objective side is determined by the living condi-tions and culture of society, and the subjective side is defined by the semantic con-structions and images of reality, arising in the minds of people in the process of social interactions. Meaning-making is fundamental to the formation of reality, and the ba-sis for the continuity of meaning-images, their deconstruction and "reassembly" are linked to the process of reproduction and change of reality, in which young people play a key role. The theme of youth in a changing reality is examined through the prism of changing human existence in a dynamically changing world, in the context of changing the semantic foundations of reality. The article illustrates changes in the understanding of reality phenomena by young people, the meanings given to the ob-jects of reality and the practices of young people's life, which are constructed in in-teraction with these objects. Examples of changes made by the young generation at each stage of constructing reality and their manifestation in different spheres of life are given. Contradictions between different aspects – objective and subjective, tradi-tional and modern, conscious and unconscious, social and cultural in the mechanism of formation and change of social reality in the youth environment are described. Theoretical reasoning and empirical approaches to the analysis of changes are based on many years of sociological research carried out by the Centre of Sociology of Youth ISPR FCTAS RAS as part of the study of the mechanisms of interaction be-tween youth and society.
Folk culture in the assessments of Russian student youth
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Dulina Nadezhda V. , Mansurov Valery A. ,   Institute of Sociology, Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology,  Russian Academy of Sciences, Pronina Elena I. ,   Institute of Sociology, Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology,  Russian Academy of Sciences, Shirokalova Galina S. ,   Volga Branch of the Institute of Sociology, Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Shkurin Denis V. ,   Yeltsin Ural Federal University, Yuriev Pavel S. ,   Institute of Sociology, Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology,  Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: September 2022

Information technologies have changed all spheres of human life. This fact has given particular importance to the context of understanding the problems of globalization in the modern world. Having superimposed on the systemic transformations of Russian society, they corrected the traditions, changing the value priorities. Acting as a key agent of social transformations, acutely feeling, accepting and subsequently imple-menting innovations, student youth, having mastered new technologies and broad-casting them to society, accumulates the experience of both previous generations and contemporaries. The data of a survey of 9751 students of higher education institu-tions of the Russian Federation, who are citizens of the Russian Federation are ana-lyzed in the article. All the Federal districts of the Russian Federation are represented in the general population of respondents. The data obtained allow us to conclude that folk culture is largely preserved and transmitted by the older generation. Although young people, for the most part, realize the value of folk culture as a whole, they rank its elements according to the degree of their compliance with the needs of modernity. Two groups of approximately equal size were distinguished. The first group is «iden-tification». It shares the position that if a modern person feels that he belongs to a certain ethnic group and is interested in preserving its traditions, he or she must know the folk culture well. The second group stands for «cultural diversity», which means that a modern person should know his or her folk culture well, but it is also important to navigate the cultural heritage of other peoples. Based on the results of the study, the conclusion about the need for a constant intergenerational dialogue for the preservation, transmission and reproduction of folk culture, which is the fundamental basis of the national mentality and the stability of society is made.
Family strategies of regional youth
Authors: Blagorozheva Zhanna O.
Published: September 2022

In the conditions of modern economic and political transformation, alternative fami-ly, marriage and reproductive attitudes are beginning to be broadcast to young peo-ple. These changes are directly correlated with the rejection of traditional family val-ues, the desire for self-realization, career growth and subsequent delayed childbear-ing. Such values are actively promoted as a “correct and convenient” model of behav-ior. How effective is such a popularization of new attitudes and how the family life strategies of young people are changing is an important issue from the standpoint of demography and national mentality. The purpose of the article is to study and analyze the family strategies of regional youth in the context of modern value transfor-mations. The article presents the results of a sociological study conducted among the youth of the Belgorod region (the method of collecting information is a questionnaire survey). The study revealed respondents' ideas about family, marriage, children, the formation of family strategies and their relationship with other life strategies (migra-tion and career). Trends in the change in the perception of the institution of the fami-ly in the minds of young people were identified, which are determined primarily by a more loyal attitude to non-traditional forms of marriage and family relations, a change in conservative ideas about the distribution of family roles, and the desire for various forms of self-realization outside family relations. Scientific adviser: Inna S. Shapovalova, Doctor of Sociology, Professor, Head of the Department of Sociology and Work with Youth, Belgorod State National Re-search University.