bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Online Measurement of Real-Time Cytotoxic Responses Induced by Multi-Component Matrices, such as Natural Products, through Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS)
Authors: Fallarero Adyary , Batista-González Ana , Hiltunen Anna , Liimatainen Jaana , Karonen Maarit , Vuorela Pia
Published: November 2015

Natural products are complex matrices of compounds that are prone to interfere with the label-dependent methods that are typically used for cytotoxicity screenings. Here, we developed a label-free Electric Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS)-based cytotoxicity assay that can be applied in the assessment of the cytotoxicity of natural extracts. The conditions to measure the impedance using ECIS were first optimized in mice immortalized hypothalamic neurons GT1-7 cells. The performance of four natural extracts when tested using three conventional cytotoxicity assays in GT1-7 cells, was studied. Betula pendula (silver birch tree) was found to interfere with all of the cytotoxicity assays in which labels were applied. The silver birch extract was also proven to be cytotoxic and, thus, served as a proof-of-concept for the use of ECIS. The extract was fractionated and the ECIS method permitted the distinction of specific kinetic patterns of cytotoxicity on the fractions as well as the extract’s pure constituents. This study offers evidence that ECIS is an excellent tool for real-time monitoring of the cytotoxicity of complex extracts that are difficult to work with using conventional (label-based) assays. Altogether, it offers a very suitable cytotoxicity-screening assay making the work with natural products less challenging within the drug discovery workflow.
Temperature-Dependent Photoluminescence Property of Self-Assembly ZnO Nanowires via Chemical Vapor Deposition Combined with Hydrothermal Pretreatment
Authors: Li Zongxiao , Liu Xiangli
Published: November 2015

Vertically aligned ZnO nanowires with high aspect ratio were prepared by chemical vapor deposition on Si substrate, which had been catalyzed by the polar plane in [0001] direction of ZnO nanorods prepared by the hydrothermal method. Morphology and structure characterizations showed that the as-grown nanowires had the single-crystal hexagonal wurtzite structure with a [0001] growth direction. Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) measurement indicated the as-grown ZnO nanowires had a good deal of oxygen vacancies owing to the high operation temperature. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurement revealed that the peak of near-band-edge emission shifted from 380 to 387 nm with the increase of temperature from 150 to 300 K. The high intensity of the green peak at 525 nm highlighted the potential application in visible light emitting diodes.
Oxidation of Ca-α-SiAlON Powders Prepared by Combustion Synthesis
Authors: Li Jinfu , Li Zhongmin , Wang Enhui , Wang Zhanjun , Yin Xiaowei , Zhang Zuotai
Published: November 2015

The oxidation of Ca-α-SiAlON synthesized by the combustion synthesis (CS) method with different additives was investigated in air atmosphere using thermogravimetric (TG) analysis in a temperature range from 1453 K to 1653 K. The experimental results indicated that oxidation was controlled by mixed chemical and diffusion steps. The oxidation products by XRD analysis were composed of SiO2 and CaAl2Si2O8 at low oxidation temperature, whereas the SiO2-Al2O3-CaO ternary glassy phase was formed at elevated temperature. The deviation of oxidation resistance from each sample may be due to the morphological difference brought about by different additive additions. This study reveals the effects of additives on the oxidation resistance of synthesized Ca-α-SiAlON powders.
Intelligent Optimization of the Film-to-Fiber Ratio of a Degradable Braided Bicomponent Ureteral Stent
Authors: Liu Xiaoyan , Li Feng , Ding Yongsheng , Zou Ting , Wang Lu , Hao Kuangrong
Published: November 2015

A hierarchical support vector regression (SVR) model (HSVRM) was employed to correlate the compositions and mechanical properties of bicomponent stents composed of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PGLA) film and poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) fibers for urethral repair for the first time. PGLA film and PGA fibers could provide ureteral stents with good compressive and tensile properties, respectively. In bicomponent stents, high film content led to high stiffness, while high fiber content resulted in poor compressional properties. To simplify the procedures to optimize the ratio of PGLA film and PGA fiber in the stents, a hierarchical support vector regression model (HSVRM) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm were used to construct relationships between the film-to-fiber weight ratio and the measured compressional/tensile properties of the stents. The experimental data and simulated data fit well, proving that the HSVRM could closely reflect the relationship between the component ratio and performance properties of the ureteral stents.
Correction: McKinnon M.B. and Stoliarov S.I. Pyrolysis Model Development for a Multilayer Floor Covering. Materials 2015, 8, 6117–6153
Authors: McKinnon Mark , Stoliarov Stanislav
Published: November 2015

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this manuscript [1]. During the publishing process, symbols that represented the absorption coefficient in Table 4 and thermal conductivity in Table 5 were changed such that they were inconsistent with the rest of the manuscript. [...]
Experimental Characterization of the Properties of Double-Lap Needled and Hybrid Joints of Carbon/Epoxy Composites
Authors: Arnautov A. , Nasibullins A. , Gribniak V. , Blumbergs I. , Hauka M.
Published: November 2015

The effect of through-thickness reinforcement by thin 1 mm steel needles (z-pins) on the static tensile strength of double-lap joints of a carbon/epoxy composite was investigated. Two types of joints—z-pinned and hybrid (including glued ones)—were considered. The joints were reinforced in the overlap region with 9, 25, or 36 z-pins. Comparing mechanical properties of the double-lap joints with the corresponding characteristics of their unpinned counterparts, the z-pins were found to be highly effective: the strength and stiffness of the pinned joints increased up to 300% and 280%, respectively. These improvements were due to a transition in the failure mechanism from debonding of the joint in the absence of z-pins to pullout or shear rupture of z-pins or to the tensile failure of laminate adherends, depending on the volume content of the pins.
Comparative Lipidomics of Caenorhabditis elegans Metabolic Disease Models by SWATH Non-Targeted Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Prasain Jeevan , Wilson Landon , Hoang Hieu , Moore Ray , Miller Michael
Published: November 2015

Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) with Sequential Window Acquisition of all Theoretical (SWATH) mass spectra generates a comprehensive archive of lipid species within an extract for retrospective, quantitative MS/MS analysis. Here we apply this new technology in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) to identify potential lipid mediators and pathways. The DAF-1 type I TGF-β and DAF-2 insulin receptors transmit endocrine signals that couple metabolic status to fertility and lifespan. Mutations in daf-1 and daf-2 reduce prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (i.e., Cox)-independent prostaglandin synthesis, increase triacylglyceride storage, and alter transcription of numerous lipid metabolism genes. However, the extent to which DAF-1 and DAF-2 signaling modulate lipid metabolism and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. MS/MSALL with SWATH analysis across the groups identified significant changes in numerous lipids, including specific triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, and phosphatidylinositols. Examples are provided, using retrospective neutral loss and precursor ion scans as well as MS/MS spectra, to help identify annotated lipids and search libraries for lipids of interest. As proof of principle, we used comparative lipidomics to investigate the prostaglandin metabolism pathway. SWATH data support an unanticipated model: Cox-independent prostaglandin synthesis may involve lysophosphatidylcholine and other lyso glycerophospholipids. This study showcases the power of comprehensive, retrospectively searchable lipid archives as a systems approach for biological discovery in genetic animal models.
Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of α-Cyclodextrin Derivatives on the Caco-2 Cell Line and Human Erythrocytes
Authors: Róka Eszter , Ujhelyi Zoltán , Deli Mária , Bocsik Alexandra , Fenyvesi Éva , Szente Lajos , Fenyvesi Ferenc , Vecsernyés Miklós , Váradi Judit , Fehér Pálma , Gesztelyi Rudolf , Félix Caroline , Perret Florent , Bácskay Ildikó
Published: November 2015

Cyclodextrins, even the 6-membered α-cyclodextrin, are approved in the various pharmacopoeias as pharmaceutical excipients for solubilizing and stabilizing drugs as well as for controlling drug release. Recently α-cyclodextrin has also been marketed as health food with beneficial effects on blood lipid profiles. However, the concentration of α-cyclodextrin used may be very high in these cases, and its toxic attributes have to be seriously considered. The objective of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity of various, differently substituted α-cyclodextrin derivatives and determine relationship between the structures and cytotoxicity. Three different methods were used, viability tests (MTT assay and Real Time Cell Electronic Sensing on Caco-2 cells) as well as hemolysis test on human red blood cells. The effect of α-cyclodextrin derivatives resulted in concentration-dependent cytotoxicity, so the IC50 values have been determined. Based on our evaluation, the Real Time Cell Electronic Sensing method is the most accurate for describing the time and concentration dependency of the observed toxic effects. Regarding the cytotoxicity on Caco-2 cells, phosphatidylcholine extraction may play a main role in the mechanism. Our results should provide help in selecting those α-cyclodextrin derivatives which have the potential of being used safely in medical formulations.
A Multi-Center Assessment of Nutrient Levels and Foods Provided by Hospital Patient Menus
Authors: Trang Susan , Fraser Jackie , Wilkinson Lori , Steckham Katherine , Oliphant Heather , Fletcher Heather , Tzianetas Roula , Arcand JoAnne
Published: November 2015

Diets of high nutritional quality can aid in the prevention and management of malnutrition in hospitalized patients. This study evaluated the nutritional quality of hospital patient menus. At three large acute care hospitals in Ontario, Canada, 84 standard menus were evaluated, which included regular and carbohydrate-controlled diets and 3000 mg and 2000 mg sodium diets. Mean levels of calories, macronutrients and vitamins and minerals provided were calculated. Comparisons were made with the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) and Canada’s Food Guide (CFG) recommendations. Calorie levels ranged from 1281 to 3007 kcal, with 45% of menus below 1600 kcal. Protein ranged from 49 to 159 g (0.9–1.1 g/kg/day). Energy and protein levels were highest in carbohydrate-controlled menus. All regular and carbohydrate-controlled menus provided macronutrients within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges. The proportion of regular diet menus meeting the DRIs: 0% for fiber; 7% for calcium; 57% for vitamin C; and 100% for iron. Compared to CFG recommended servings, 35% met vegetables and fruit and milk and alternatives, 11% met grain products and 8% met meat and alternatives. These data support the need for frequent monitoring and evaluation of menus, food procurement and menu planning policies and for sufficient resources to ensure menu quality.
The Role of Religious Beliefs and Institutions in Disaster Management: A Case Study
Authors: Ha Kyoo-Man
Published: November 2015

Religion in Korea has been shaped by its followers to a degree, but the role of religion in Korea has been largely unexamined. This study examines the role of religion and the incorporation of religious beliefs and institutions in the field of disaster management. In doing so, the study examines how three religions—Christianity, Buddhism, and Confucianism—operate in Korea, in particular in terms of both care-oriented management and mitigation-oriented management approaches. While utilizing descriptive research as a methodology, policy measures have been suggested with the support of theological perspectives. Despite some difficulties in making a generalization, the major finding is that religion has a role to play in supplementing care-oriented management, with mitigation-oriented management approaches, by better grasping the nature of a disaster and its effective management while responding to regional culture. In addition, the Ministry of Public Safety and Security, local governments, and other government institutions must play new roles in incorporating religion in disaster management.
An Electrochemical NO2 Sensor Based on Ionic Liquid: Influence of the Morphology of the Polymer Electrolyte on Sensor Sensitivity
Authors: Kuberský Petr , Altšmíd Jakub , Hamáček Aleš , Nešpůrek Stanislav , Zmeškal Oldřich
Published: November 2015

A systematic study was carried out to investigate the effect of ionic liquid in solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) and its layer morphology on the characteristics of an electrochemical amperometric nitrogen dioxide sensor. Five different ionic liquids were immobilized into a solid polymer electrolyte and key sensor parameters (sensitivity, response/recovery times, hysteresis and limit of detection) were characterized. The study revealed that the sensor based on 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMIM][N(Tf)2]) showed the best sensitivity, fast response/recovery times, and low sensor response hysteresis. The working electrode, deposited from water-based carbon nanotube ink, was prepared by aerosol-jet printing technology. It was observed that the thermal treatment and crystallinity of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) in the solid polymer electrolyte influenced the sensitivity. Picture analysis of the morphology of the SPE layer based on [EMIM][N(Tf)2] ionic liquid treated under different conditions suggests that the sensor sensitivity strongly depends on the fractal dimension of PVDF spherical objects in SPE. Their deformation, e.g., due to crowding, leads to a decrease in sensor sensitivity.
Flight Test Result for the Ground-Based Radio Navigation System Sensor with an Unmanned Air Vehicle
Authors: Jang Jaegyu , Ahn Woo-Guen , Seo Seungwoo , Lee Jang , Park Jun-Pyo
Published: November 2015

The Ground-based Radio Navigation System (GRNS) is an alternative/backup navigation system based on time synchronized pseudolites. It has been studied for some years due to the potential vulnerability issue of satellite navigation systems (e.g., GPS or Galileo). In the framework of our study, a periodic pulsed sequence was used instead of the randomized pulse sequence recommended as the RTCM (radio technical commission for maritime services) SC (special committee)-104 pseudolite signal, as a randomized pulse sequence with a long dwell time is not suitable for applications requiring high dynamics. This paper introduces a mathematical model of the post-correlation output in a navigation sensor, showing that the aliasing caused by the additional frequency term of a periodic pulsed signal leads to a false lock (i.e., Doppler frequency bias) during the signal acquisition process or in the carrier tracking loop of the navigation sensor. We suggest algorithms to resolve the frequency false lock issue in this paper, relying on the use of a multi-correlator. A flight test with an unmanned helicopter was conducted to verify the implemented navigation sensor. The results of this analysis show that there were no false locks during the flight test and that outliers stem from bad dilution of precision (DOP) or fluctuations in the received signal quality.
Influence of Cognitive Biases in Distorting Decision Making and Leading to Critical Unfavorable Incidents
Authors: Murata Atsuo , Nakamura Tomoko , Karwowski Waldemar
Published: November 2015

On the basis of the analyses of past cases, we demonstrate how cognitive biases are ubiquitous in the process of incidents, crashes, collisions or disasters, as well as how they distort decision making and lead to undesirable outcomes. Five case studies were considered: a fire outbreak during cooking using an induction heating (IH) cooker, the KLM Flight 4805 crash, the Challenger space shuttle disaster, the collision between the Japanese Aegis-equipped destroyer “Atago” and a fishing boat and the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant meltdown. We demonstrate that heuristic-based biases, such as confirmation bias, groupthink and social loafing, overconfidence-based biases, such as the illusion of plan and control, and optimistic bias; framing biases majorly contributed to distorted decision making and eventually became the main cause of the incident, crash, collision or disaster. Therefore, we concluded that, in addition to human factors or ergonomics approaches, recognition and elimination of cognitive biases is indispensable for preventing incidents, crashes, collisions or disasters from occurring.
Efficiency versus Equality: Comparing Design Options for Indirect Emissions Accounting in the Korean Emissions Trading Scheme
Authors: Oh Inha , Yeo Yeongjun , Lee Jeong-Dong
Published: November 2015

The Korean emissions trading scheme (ETS) has one special characteristic that makes it different from other schemes, such as the EU ETS. While the other schemes consider only direct emissions from fossil fuels, the Korean ETS also regulates indirect emissions arising from the consumption of electricity. The problem of double counting arises under this setting, in which emissions from the power sector can be accounted for twice, when electricity is produced and consumed. This study aims to compare design options on indirect emissions accounting for the Korean ETS using a computable general equilibrium model. Four scenarios are generated for options accounting for direct and/or indirect emissions and are evaluated in terms of efficiency and equality. The result shows that the ETS operates most efficiently when only direct emissions are considered. However, the option that includes both direct and indirect emissions produces a competent result in terms of equality by spreading the economic burden of emissions reduction among industries. We conclude that this option can be an alternative to meet the key purposes of the Korean ETS.
The Effects of Low Doses of Two Fusarium Toxins, Zearalenone and Deoxynivalenol, on the Pig Jejunum. A Light and Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Przybylska-Gornowicz Barbara , Tarasiuk Michał , Lewczuk Bogdan , Prusik Magdalena , Ziółkowska Natalia , Zielonka Łukasz , Gajęcki Maciej , Gajęcka Magdalena
Published: November 2015

Immature gilts were administered per os with zearalenone (ZEN) at 40 μg/kg BW (group Z, n = 9), deoxynivalenol (DON) at 12 μg/kg BW (group D, n = 9), a mixture of ZEN and DON (group M, n = 9) or a placebo (group C, n = 9) over a period of six weeks. The pigs were sacrificed after one, three, or six weeks of the treatment (12 pigs per each time-point). Histological investigations revealed an increase in the mucosal thickness and the crypt depth as well as a decrease in the ratio of the villus height to the crypt depth in groups D and M after six weeks of exposure to the mycotoxins. The number of goblet cells in the villus epithelium was elevated in groups Z and M after one week and in group D after three weeks. The administration of ZEN increased the lymphocyte number in the villus epithelium after 1 week and the plasma cell quantity in the lamina propria after one, three, and six weeks of the experiment. DON treatment resulted in an increase in the lymphocyte number in the villus epithelium and the lamina propria after six weeks, and in the plasma cell quantity in the lamina propria after one, three, and six weeks of exposure. In group M, lymphocyte counts in the epithelium and the lamina propria increased significantly after six weeks. Neither mycotoxin induced significant adverse changes in the ultrastructure of the mucosal epithelium and the lamina propria or in the intestinal barrier permeability. Our results indicate that immune cells are the principal target of low doses of ZEN and DON.
Detection and Characterization of a Novel Reassortant Mammalian Orthoreovirus in Bats in Europe
Authors: Lelli Davide , Moreno Ana , Steyer Andrej , Nagliˇc Tina , Chiapponi Chiara , Prosperi Alice , Faccin Francesca , Sozzi Enrica , Lavazza Antonio
Published: November 2015

A renewed interest in mammalian orthoreoviruses (MRVs) has emerged since new viruses related to bat MRV type 3, detected in Europe, were identified in humans and pigs with gastroenteritis. This study reports the isolation and characterization of a novel reassortant MRV from the lesser horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus hipposideros). The isolate, here designated BatMRV1-IT2011, was first identified by electron microscopy and confirmed using PCR and virus-neutralization tests. The full genome sequence was obtained by next-generation sequencing. Molecular and antigenic characterizations revealed that BatMRV1-IT2011 belonged to serotype 1, which had not previously been identified in bats. Phylogenetic and recombination detection program analyses suggested that BatMRV1-IT2011 was a reassortant strain containing an S1 genome segment similar to those of MRV T1/bovine/Maryland/Clone23/59 and C/bovine/ Indiana/MRV00304/2014, while other segments were more similar to MRVs of different hosts, origins and serotypes. The presence of neutralizing antibodies against MRVs has also been investigated in animals (dogs, pigs, bovines and horses). Preliminary results suggested that MRVs are widespread in animals and that infections containing multiple serotypes, including MRVs of serotype 1 with an S1 gene similar to BatMRV1-IT2011, are common. This paper extends the current knowledge of MRVs and stresses the importance to continue and improve MRV surveillance in bats and other mammals through the development and standardization of specific diagnostic tools.
Cleavage of the HPV16 Minor Capsid Protein L2 during Virion Morphogenesis Ablates the Requirement for Cellular Furin during De Novo Infection
Authors: Cruz Linda , Biryukov Jennifer , Conway Michael , Meyers Craig
Published: November 2015

Infections by high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the causative agents for the development of cervical cancer. As with other non-enveloped viruses, HPVs are taken up by the cell through endocytosis following primary attachment to the host cell. Through studies using recombinant pseudovirus particles (PsV), many host cellular proteins have been implicated in the process. The proprotein convertase furin has been demonstrated to cleave the minor capsid protein, L2, post-attachment to host cells and is required for infectious entry by HPV16 PsV. In contrast, using biochemical inhibition by a furin inhibitor and furin-negative cells, we show that tissue-derived HPV16 native virus (NV) initiates infection independent of cellular furin. We show that HPV16 L2 is cleaved during virion morphogenesis in differentiated tissue. In addition, HPV45 is also not dependent on cellular furin, but two other alpha papillomaviruses, HPV18 and HPV31, are dependent on the activity of cellular furin for infection.
Mechanical Interaction in Pressurized Pipe Systems: Experiments and Numerical Models
Authors: Simão Mariana , Mora-Rodriguez Jesus , Ramos Helena
Published: November 2015

The dynamic interaction between the unsteady flow occurrence and the resulting vibration of the pipe are analyzed based on experiments and numerical models. Waterhammer, structural dynamic and fluid–structure interaction (FSI) are the main subjects dealt with in this study. Firstly, a 1D model is developed based on the method of characteristics (MOC) using specific damping coefficients for initial components associated with rheological pipe material behavior, structural and fluid deformation, and type of anchored structural supports. Secondly a 3D coupled complex model based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), using a Finite Element Method (FEM), is also applied to predict and distinguish the FSI events. Herein, a specific hydrodynamic model of viscosity to replicate the operation of a valve was also developed to minimize the number of mesh elements and the complexity of the system. The importance of integrated analysis of fluid–structure interaction, especially in non-rigidity anchored pipe systems, is equally emphasized. The developed models are validated through experimental tests.
Half-sandwich nickel(II) complexes bearing 1,3-di(cycloalkyl)imidazol-2-ylidene ligands
Authors: Yau Johnathon , Hunt Kaarel E , McDougall Laura , Kennedy Alan R , Nelson David J
Published: November 2015

Two new nickel catalysts have been prepared using a convenient procedure where nickelocene, the NHC·HBF4 salts, and [Et4N]Cl were heated in THF using microwave irradiation. The resulting [NiCl(Cp)(NHC)] complexes are air- and moisture stable in the solid state, and represent two new members of this valuable and practical class of nickel catalysts. The new species were fully characterised using methods including NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. When tested in model Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions, these complexes were found to be active for the cross-coupling of aryl bromides and aryl chlorides.
Sibilas en Europa y América: repercusiones del Sibyllarum Icones de Crispijn de Passe en los siglos XVII y XVIII
Authors: Rodríguez Romero Agustina , Ojeda Almerindo
Published: November 2015

Los grabados publicados en Flandes en los siglos XVI y XVII fueron retrabajados repetidamente por toda Europa. Este ensayo es un estudio de la compleja red de reediciones y reelaboraciones de una de estas series de grabados: el Sibyllarum icones elegantissimi, producida por Crispijn de Passe en 1601. A consecuencia de nuestras investigaciones podemos proponer nuevas fuentes grabadas para tres célebres derivados de esta serie: las pinturas de Philippe de Champaigne del Palacio de Luxemburgo de París, las xilografías publicadas en España por Baltasar Porreño, y las pinturas de Pedro Sandoval del Palacio de la Autonomía de la ciudad de México. Todas derivarían de Jacques Granthomme, quien trabajara en París ca. 1609.
El retrato del obispo Francisco de Gamarra pintado por Andrés López
Authors: Holgueras Arranz Rosalía
Published: November 2015

El presente artículo da a conocer un retrato inédito del pintor Andrés López, uno de los seguidores de Juan Pantoja de la Cruz. Es una obra realizada a principios del siglo XVII, en la que aparece representado don Francisco de Gamarra, obispo de Ávila.
Dos nuevos dibujos de Claudio Coello en la Biblioteca Nacional de España
Authors: Zapata Fernández De La Hoz Teresa , Gómez Aragüete Juan Carlos
Published: November 2015

Se atribuyen al pintor madrileño Claudio Coello (1642-1693) dos dibujos de tema similar conservados en la Biblioteca Nacional de España, considerados hasta ahora como anónimos.
Zeus e il vantaggio troiano: tracce di elaborazioni della tradizione nell’Iliade
Authors: Verzina Pietro
Published: November 2015

[it] Seguendo un modello teorico, questo lavoro mostra come l’autore dell’Iliade sia consapevole della potenziale contraddittorietà tra la versione tradizionale della storia dell’ira e la versione che egli elabora, gestendo entrambe secondo le esigenze espressive e le finalità strutturali del poema.
Abubillas, cucos y aves rapaces: la autoría de Sófocles, Fr. 581 R. (= Arist., HA 633a 17-28) (Tereo)
Authors: Librán Moreno Miryam
Published: November 2015

Algunos detalles mitográficos y ornitológicos de S., Fr. 581 R. (la transformación de Tereo en abubilla y gavilán; la conversión de Itis en ave rapaz), conservado en Aristóteles, HA 633a 17-28, son incompatibles con lo que se puede conocer de Tereo de Sófocles, lo que suscita dudas sobre la autoría del fragmento.
Acoustic properties of porous concrete made from arlite and vermiculite lightweight aggregates
Authors: Carbajo J. , Esquerdo-Lloret T. V. , Ramis J. , Nadal-Gisbert A. V. , Denia F. D.
Published: November 2015

The use of sustainable materials is becoming a common practice for noise abatement in building and civil engineering industries. In this context, many applications have been found for porous concrete made from lightweight aggregates. This work investigates the acoustic properties of porous concrete made from arlite and vermiculite lightweight aggregates. These natural resources can still be regarded as sustainable since they can be recycled and do not generate environmentally hazardous waste. The experimental basis used consists of different type specimens whose acoustic performance is assessed in an impedance tube. Additionally, a simple theoretical model for granular porous media, based on parameters measurable with basic experimental procedures, is adopted to predict the acoustic properties of the prepared mixes. The theoretical predictions compare well with the absorption measurements. Preliminary results show the good absorption capability of these materials, making them a promising alternative to traditional porous concrete solutions.
Examining the Levels of Reasoning Used by Urban Elementary Black Girls Engaging in Technology-Enhanced Inquiry
Authors: Buck Gayle A. , Beeman-Cadwallader Nicole , Trauth-Nare Amy
Published: November 2015

Technological tools such as interfaces, sensors and probeware are increasingly prevalent in science classrooms. With increased prevalence comes a need to improve the research base on how to use technology in ways that maximize student learning. These resources potentially support inquiry-based learning approaches through the collection and transformation of data. Furthermore, by making data trends evident, these technologies have the potential to support construction of scientific explanations and complex reasoning. The purpose of this study was to analyze the levels of reasoning displayed by African American girls engaged in technology-enhanced inquiry so as to better understand the extent to which technology can support scientific literacy. Our results indicated modest gains in the girls' ability to display data and connect data trends to scientific phenomenon. We believe that studying the experiences and learning of students from historically underrepresented backgrounds in STEM is critical for ensuring equitable educational experiences and access to STEM-related professions.
Technology-Assisted Formative Assessment
Authors: Irving Karen E.
Published: November 2015

Reliable just-in-time assessments are the foundation of informed teaching and learning. Modern electronic technologies assist in the formative assessment process by supporting classroom environments that allow students and teachers to assess learning and providing mechanisms to present information about student learning during instructional sequences. To implement formative assessment practices, students and teachers benefit from rich educational tasks that invite students to share information about their understanding of the lesson while the lesson is occurring in order to nurture productive learning by both teacher and student. Formative feedback is facilitated by technologies such as connected classrooms, videography, online formative quizzes, and manuscript multi-draft editing. Technology-assisted formative assessment represents a powerful option to promote improved classroom communications that support formative assessment practices for teachers in twenty-first century classrooms.
Fostering Supply Chain Management in Global Business
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: November 2015

This chapter reviews the perspectives of fostering supply chain management (SCM) in global business, thus describing the theoretical and practical concept of SCM; the applications of SCM; fostering SCM through knowledge management (KM) in global business; the strategic success factors of SCM; and the significance of SCM in global business. The utilization of SCM is necessary for modern organizations that seek to serve suppliers and customers, increase business performance, strengthen competitiveness, and achieve continuous success in global business. Therefore, it is essential for modern organizations to examine their SCM applications, develop a strategic plan to regularly check their practical advancements, and immediately respond to the SCM needs of customers in global business. Applying SCM will extremely improve organizational performance and reach business goals in global business.
An Empirical Investigation of the Role of E-Communication in International Collaborations
Authors: Zhang Ying
Published: November 2015

This chapter addresses the role of e-communication in international collaborations by examining its usage, cultural implications, and impact on trust building. Theoretically, this study is informed by social constructionism (Gergen, 1999; Goffman, 1959). Empirical insights were generated from the qualitative case study of WinCo which was an international collaboration between a UK-based wine and spirits multinational company and their distributors. The findings suggest that different e-communication channels are often used by collaborating partners to enhance the breadth and depth of their communication. New participants tend to enhance the skills of e-communication usage through self-learning, formal educational programs, and support from the company's employee development team. The widespread usage of e-communication impacts on partners' trust building in terms of their mutual perceptions of one another's competence and social bonding. National culture also affects partners' use of e-communication in international collaborative practice.
International Supply Chain Case Study
Authors: Pham Thi Song Hanh , Darabi Fariba , Wilmot Natalie Victoria
Published: November 2015

The chapter aims to explore how some successful global firms organize and manage their supply chain activities at a global level. Three interlink areas of international supply chains including global production, global sourcing, and global distribution within three separate case-studies; Samsung's global production, UK Airbus's global sourcing, and Tesco's global distribution are examined in the chapter. The overall results highlight the importance of a holistic approach to international supply chain management. Findings from Samsung's smart phone production network and Tesco's global distribution suggest that firms are able to be successful when they exploit specific opportunities wherever they are located in the world. Whilst Samsung have been successful with keeping in-house production, Airbus are doing well with outsourcing. The Airbus case highlights the importance of risk management in global supply chains. All three cases demonstrate examples of benefits and challenges posed by knowledge sharing with partners in the supply chain.
A Staged Supplier Pre-Evaluation Model
Authors: Emel Gül Gökay , Petriçli Gülcan
Published: November 2015

In the late 1980s, the proportion of outsourced materials in the cost of high-tech products was around 80%. In this respect, with increasing globalization and ever-expanding supply chains, interdependencies between organizations have increased and the selection of suppliers has become more important than ever. This exploratory research study intends to develop a novel approach for a specific type of supplier selection problem which is supplier pre-evaluation. A two-staged multi-layered feed forward neural networks (NN) algorithm for pattern recognition was used to pre-evaluate suppliers under strategy-based organizational and technical criteria. Data for training, validation and testing the network were collected from a global Tier-1 manufacturing company in the automotive industry. The results show that the proposed approach is able to classify candidate suppliers into three separate groups of risky, potential or preferred. With this classification, it becomes feasible to eliminate risky suppliers before doing business with them.
An Empirical View of Knowledge Management
Authors: Vaiappuri Selvakkumar K. N. , Kamarulzaman Nitty Hirawaty , Vijayan Gowri , Mukherjee Aroop
Published: November 2015

This chapter is a comprehensive investigative documentary on knowledge management (KM). It was extensively cover past researches done on knowledge management, exposing its varied dimensions to readers as well as guide the readers through its role in research, business, and daily life. The chapter was well discussed about knowledge, knowledge management and knowledge management systems. It also address the Nonaka's Knowledge Management Model or known as SECI modal in order the readers can understand the knowledge creation process.
Big Data from Management Perspective
Authors: Bolhari Alireza
Published: November 2015

Competency matters. Social media, customer transactions, mobile sensors, and feedback contents are all piled up with data. This might be unstructured and complex data in voluminous quantity, often called Big Data. However, if this Big Data is managed, it might bring competency for organizations. This chapter introduces the must-know concepts and materials for organizational managers who face Big Data. Through the chapter, Big Data is defined and its emergence over the time is reviewed. The four Vs model in Big Data literature and its link to a banking system is analyzed. The chapter concludes by making a managerial awareness concerning ethical issues in Big Data. This is of high priority in public sectors as data relies for every individual in the society.
Towards an Intelligent Integrated Approach for Clinical Decision Support
Authors: Akerkar Rajendra
Published: November 2015

Nowadays, making use of big data is becoming mainstream in different enterprises and industry sectors. The medical sector is no exception. Specifically, medical services, which generate and process enormous volumes of medical information and medical device data, have been quickening big data utilization. In this chapter, we present a concept of an intelligent integrated system for direct support of decision making of physicians. This is a work in progress and the focus is on decision support for pharmacogenomics, which is the study of the relationship between a specific person's genetic makeup and his or her response to drug treatment. Further, we discuss a research direction considering the current shortcomings of clinical decision support systems.
US-China Relations
Authors: Wilson Clay , Drumhiller Nicole
Published: November 2015

It is assumed by most observers that China is copying or stealing vast amounts of intellectual property from US military and private industry through its cyber espionage activities, and then sharing that information with state-owned industries, giving them unfair economic advantages. The US also conducts cyber espionage against China and other nations, but chooses to not share the vast collections of intellectual property and data with its own domestic industries. By choosing not to do the same thing as China, the US may be placing itself at an economic disadvantage, and may also mistakenly be accusing China of threatening cyber warfare. What is needed is a clearer understanding of differences in national cultures that contribute to intolerance between the US and China when it comes to economics, threats of war, and the evolving new role of cyber espionage.
The USA Electrical Grid
Authors: de Silva Eugene , de Silva Eugenie
Published: November 2015

This chapter provides a discussion of the United States (U.S.) electrical grid. In particular, the chapter explicates the vulnerabilities of the electrical grid by placing a focus on public perception, cyber-attacks, and the inclement weather. The authors elaborate on the necessity of contingency plans, heightened security through the utilization of smart grids and microgrids, and improved cooperation between the Intelligence Community (IC) and the public. This chapter further expands on the importance of government agencies establishing community outreach programs to raise public awareness and build a strong relationship between U.S. security agencies and the public. Overall, this chapter highlights the key issues pertaining to the electrical grid, and provides solutions and strategies to resolve them.
Experiential Learning in International Classrooms
Authors: Cunningham Ann C.
Published: November 2015

This chapter outlines the development, design, implementation, and impact of an international initial field experience for preservice teachers. Strategies for initiating opportunities for similar models, extending the experience into student teaching, and the value of inter-institutional collaboration are also delineated.
Thoughtfully Preparing Business Students and Faculty for Study Abroad
Authors: Starr-Glass David
Published: November 2015

In the last twenty years study abroad program have grown in popularity. Study abroad experiences provide learning opportunities for participants, but these opportunities are only optimized if students are appropriately and thoughtfully prepared. Study abroad provides formal learning experiences, associated with coursework undertaken, and informal learning, related to new cultures and countries encountered. Students and the faculty who accompany them need to be sensitized to both of these opportunities. This chapter presents a context for study abroad experiences and suggests how they can provide students with a deeper appreciation of issues that are often overly abstracted in the college, particularly issues such as internationalization and globalization. It explores ways in which study abroad participants can be assisted to engage more fully with the experiences that they encounter abroad. In presenting learning and institutional strategies to help optimize study abroad, it is hoped that the chapter will be of value to business undergraduates, their faculty, and business educators.
The Dialogic Nature of Meaning Making within a Hybrid Learning Space
Authors: Horan Deborah A. , Hersi Afra Ahmed , Kelsall Patrick
Published: November 2015

The chapter presents a reflective case study of a specific instance of hybrid teaching with preservice teachers in a graduate course on the languages and literacies of bilingual elementary children. The intensive summer course occurred across eight weeks, with four on-campus meetings and the remainder of the course occurring online. The authors address three specific pedagogical tools meant to scaffold dialogic meaning making through instructor-mediated learning and student individualization. The chapter is framed within a social constructivist stance that examines the nature of dialogic meaning making and hybrid teaching. The chapter includes detailed examples of three pedagogical tools: discussion boards as community-building spaces, dialogue journals an individualization spaces, and content application as approximation spaces for knowledge building. Interdisciplinary examples for teaching linguistically diverse children relate to mathematics, science, social studies, and language arts. In addition, the authors discuss implications and directions for research.
The Continuous and Systematic Study of the College Algebra Flipped Classroom
Authors: Ogden Lori , Shambaugh Neal
Published: November 2015

A flipped classroom teaching approach was used in the teaching of college algebra within a broader initiative for mathematics learning. The flipped classroom approach was documented as an integrated teaching model acknowledging multiple teaching approaches, including in-class cooperative learning, mentored laboratory activities, and online teaching videos. A design and development framework was used to describe the design decisions, model implementation, and model evaluation across three deliveries (cases 1, 2, and 3a/3b) of a college algebra course from fall of 2012 through fall of 2013. Key findings included students perceiving video outside of class as resources and not instruction. What replaced the lecture during face-to-face class time was integral to the success of the flipped classroom teaching approach. The use of videos does not constitute a flipped classroom, but requires an overall teaching strategy with an involved teacher who pays attention to individual student needs.
Understanding Flipped Instructions and How They Work In the Real World
Authors: Salifu Shani
Published: November 2015

From Colorado's Pike's Peak into a number of schools, the popularity of flipped classes is on the rise. Based on a two-tier approach to teaching and learning, students review instructor-recommended media or other content in the first tier before face-to-face class meetings, while the second tier has face-to-face classes repurposed to for interactive or hands-on learning experiences. Through this arrangement, hitherto face-to-face class meetings become avenues for content-knowledge application, or concept mastery. Given that, flipped classes have attracted both excitement and skepticisms, this chapter attempts put things into perspective by streamlining the components, implementation, and the evidence of efficacy of flipped classes. The chapter examines concerns that flipped classes likely burden instructors and students especially those in rural and urban areas who may lack the resources needed to benefit from this strategy. The chapter further prescribes resources and procedures that could be useful to individuals interested in flipped classrooms.
Strategies to Promote Pedagogical Knowledge Interplay with Technology
Authors: Bull Prince Hycy , Patterson Gerrelyn C.
Published: November 2015

The transformation from face-to-face instruction to digital instruction or hybrid learning requires robust pedagogical strategies. This chapter addresses key pedagogical strategies used to support online learning experiences through the lenses of evidence-based educational theories. Additionally, the TPACK framework, which asserts that instruction requires the interplay of technological knowledge, content knowledge, and pedagogical knowledge, is used to analyze students' perceptions of flipped and double flipped online courses. The data show positive dispositions of flipping and double flipping the classroom as pedagogical strategies. Flipped content provided powerful instruction and provided participants with opportunities to utilize learned multimedia skills and receive constructive feedback from the instructor and peers. Double flipping promoted more classroom engagement, interactivity, and class discussions. In both flipped and double flipped classrooms, there was a shift from an instructor-driven learning environment to a whole-class driven learning environment.
The Role of Human Operators' Suspicion in the Detection of Cyber Attacks
Authors: Hirshfield Leanne , Bobko Philip , Barelka Alex J. , Costa Mark R. , Funke Gregory J. , Mancuso Vincent F. , Finomore Victor , Knott Benjamin A.
Published: November 2015

Despite the importance that human error in the cyber domain has had in recent reports, cyber warfare research to date has largely focused on the effects of cyber attacks on the target computer system. In contrast, there is little empirical work on the role of human operators during cyber breaches. More specifically, there is a need to understand the human-level factors at play when attacks occur. This paper views cyber attacks through the lens of suspicion, a construct that has been used in other contexts, but inadequately defined, in prior research. After defining the construct of suspicion, the authors demonstrate the role that suspicion plays as the conduit between computer operators' normal working behaviors and their ability to alter that behavior to detect and react to cyber attacks. With a focus on the user, rather than the target computer, the authors empirically develop a latent structure for a variety of types of cyber attacks, link that structure to levels of operator suspicion, link suspicion to users' cognitive and emotional states, and develop initial implications for cyber training.