bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Land Acquisition Compensation Process for Public Interest based on Law No. 2 of 2012
Authors: Riduan Amelia Marchela Putri , Winanti Atik
Published: December 2024

Law No. 2 of 2012 concerning Land Acquisition for Public Interest is carried out with the aim of providing land for development for the public interest by terminating the legal relationship between land rights holders and their land rights by providing appropriate compensation. And its implementing regulations are regulated in Presidential Regulation Number 71 of 2012. In the implementation of the Land Acquisition process, there are often obstacles in the process or become legal and social conflicts between land owners and institutions that need land. On this basis, the study aims to determine the process of providing land compensation that meets the principles of the Land Acquisition Law and this study is expected to be able to be used as a reference if similar problems occur. The method used in this study is Normative Jurisprudence, with a Statute Approach that is relevant to the Land Acquisition Law.The results of the study indicate that land acquisition for public interest as regulated in the Land Acquisition Law aims to create justice between the rights of land owners and the needs of national development. This process involves providing fair compensation, including physical and non-physical compensation, while taking into account the socio-economic balance of land owners. However, in its implementation, conflicts often arise related to the legitimacy of ownership and community resistance. This study emphasizes the importance of deliberation and dignified compensation mechanisms to maintain socio-economic stability. The conclusion of the research isCompensation is carried out transparently and through deliberation, taking into account the balance between landowner rights and development needs. The form of compensation includes physical and non-physical, aiming to maintain the socio-economic stability of landowners while supporting national development and protecting the rights of all parties in need.
Civil Liability of Business Actors for Reverse Passing Off as an Unlawful Act
Authors: Putri Nur Zahra Magriba , Sulastri Sulastri
Published: December 2024

This research aims to determine the civil liability of business actors who commit Reverse Passing Off by analyzing the legal arrangements regarding Reverse Passing Off from the perspective of Indonesian positive law. This research uses a normative juridical method focusing on legal issues relating to Reverse Passing Off. This research uses a statutory and conceptual approach with data collection techniques, using literature study through normative qualitative analysis methods. The results show that the Trademark Law in Indonesia does not explicitly regulate legal arrangements related to Reverse Passing Off. Still, the principles of consumer protection and provisions on unlawful acts can be used as a basis for handling this practice. Business actors who commit this act must be legally responsible, and the original trademark owner has the right to claim both material and immaterial damages. Alternatively, the resolution of this problem can be done through mediation with the results of mediation in the form of a written agreement that contains legal responsibility and protection for the trademark owner. Therefore, there is a need for regulatory reform, especially in trademark law, by adding reverse passing off as a trademark infringement to protect the aggrieved party and ensure legal certainty, fairness, and transparency in trade.
The Criminal Responsibility or Sending Fictive Packages with Cash on Delivery Payment Method to Victims
Authors: Putra Daffa Virgianto , Wahyuningsih Yuli Yuliana
Published: December 2024

This study aims to analyze the Causal Factors and Legal Handling Mechanisms in cases of sending fictitious packages with the Cash on Delivery payment method, with reference to Law No. Article 378 of the Criminal Code concerning fraud, Law No. 19 of 2016 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions (UU ITE), and Law No. 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection (UU PDP).With the development of the era and technological advances, the phenomenon of fraud through sending fake packages with the Cash on Delivery payment method has become one form of crime that is increasingly rampant in various regions. This modus operandi is carried out by the perpetrator by sending goods that were never ordered by the victim. Although there are related regulations, the sending of fake packages continues to occur. This study uses a normative juridical method that analyzes theories, concepts, legal principles, and relevant regulations. The findings of this study conclude that criminals exploit weaknesses in the system, such as personal data leaks, minimal identity verification, and lack of digital literacy among consumers in purchasing goods online, therefore Handling this phenomenon requires collaboration between e-commerce parties, consumers, and law enforcement officers.
Technosubject and Anthroposocial Challenges of Human–Artificial Intelligence Interaction: Synergy, Demarcation, New Rationality, and Risks
Authors: Budanov Vladimir G.
Published: December 2024

The contemporary digital reality is inconceivable without artificial intelligence (AI), which has become disseminated across all cultural practices, from scientific and artistic endeavors to everyday activities. AI increasingly functions as an agent of communication and decision-making, gradually surpassing human capabilities across nearly all competencies. The information flows of this new reality can only be navigated through hybrid systems based on post-critical rationality, which inherently introduces an irreducible element of uncertainty and risk in human-machine environments. The article proposes examining the techno-subject through the lens of activity theory and the multiple types of rationality it generates. This framework facilitates the analysis of sociocultural and anthropological implications arising from AI’s integration with human domains, while addressing the existential challenges inherent in constructing a harmonious hybrid society. Beyond V.S. Stepin’s types of scientific rationality, the author builds upon previously introduced forms of rationality: post-critical, object-oriented, instrumental, subjective, results-oriented, creative, and autopoietic. This theoretical framework facilitates a substantive discussion of various manifestations of AI subjectivity, including its generalized embodiment and creative specificity. The demarcation of dominance domains between natural intelligence and AI in the intellectual sphere is proposed to be resolved on the basis of their heuristic potentials. The author maintains that natural intelligence invariably possesses superior capacity in this regard. The article examines approaches to risk assessment in AI implementation strategies, focusing on criteria for preserving anthropological and sociocultural profiles in the development of hybrid society. Advancing the concept of friendly AI is substantiated as essential, with consideration given not only to technological but also to anthropological aspects of human–machine interaction. The author advocates for the development of social examination institutions as regulatory mechanisms for natural–artificial intelligence interaction and anthropological–technological subject interfaces.
Can Artificial Intelligence Subjugate Humans?
Authors: Rozin Vadim M.
Published: December 2024

The article critically examines the capabilities and limitations of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies within the context of ongoing debates surrounding potential threats stemming from their advancement. The study scrutinizes and challenges key arguments positing the possibility of human subjugation by AI systems. The author undertakes a comparative analysis of natural and artificial intelligence, employing the psychological experiences of C.G. Jung as a case study. It is demonstrated that despite the remarkable achievements of contemporary neural networks in information processing, they are fundamentally limited in their capacity for genuine comprehension and creative thought. The paper identifies three key innovations associated with AI development: the enhancement of users’ cognitive capabilities, the formation of a novel psychic reality of “digital consciousness,” and the emergence of hybrid life forms at the nexus of human activity and technological processes. The author highlights the fundamental limitations of AI in the realms of emotional intelligence and creative capabilities. Attention is drawn to the challenges associated with the development of AI systems, including the influence of impersonal social structures on decision-making, the disconnect between developers and users, and the psychological effects of interacting with AI. The conclusion reached is that the issue of human subjugation by AI requires a re-evaluation within the broader context of the impact of contemporary technologies on society. It is proposed that the forthcoming era be viewed as a period of coexistence and interaction between two types of intelligence: natural and artificial. Apprehension is expressed that humanity will not adjust its worldview and behavior until after experiencing a series of impending catastrophes. In closing, the author advocates for proactive engagement in mitigating the risks associated with AI development, while simultaneously underscoring the impracticality of complete abstention from these technologies.
"They absolutely don’t want you to progress here"
Authors: Skurnik Samuli , Skurnik Mikael
Published: December 2024

Fascism and Nazi ideology cast a threatening shadow over Finland during its troubled 1930s. This manifested as antisemitism towards the few Jewish students pursuing higher degrees at Finnish universities. One glaring instance of discrimination involved our father, Leo Skurnik, whose advancement in his academic career was blocked at the Helsinki University Department of Medical Chemistry in the late 1930s. In this treatise, we aim to delve deeper into the challenges he faced and how they were intertwined with the antisemitic sentiments prevailing at that time.
Effect of the Interaction Between Depression and Sleep Disorders on Stroke Occurrence: A 17-Year Prospective Cohort Study in Korea
Authors: Jung Eujene , Ryu Hyun Ho , Ryu Seok Jin
Published: December 2024

Objective Previous studies have provided inconclusive results on the association between depression and stroke risk, and the potential modifying effect of comorbid insomnia on this association remains unclear. Our study aimed to clarify the independent roles of depression and insomnia as risk factors for stroke and to investigate the possibility of an interaction effect between these two conditions on stroke incidence.Methods We used data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. The primary exposure was depression, measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. The secondary exposure was insomnia. The main outcome was the occurrence of stroke observed in biennial follow-up surveys. Cox proportional regression analysis was performed to estimate the effects of depression and insomnia on stroke incidence. We also conducted interaction analysis to investigate the interaction between depression and insomnia on stroke incidence.Results During 16 years of follow-up involving 3,301 individuals, we documented 172 cases of new-onset stroke (4.3 cases per 1,000 person-years). Cox proportional logistic regression analysis showed that severe depression significantly increased the risk of stroke (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–3.75), whereas mild and moderate depression did not increase this risk. Interaction analysis demonstrated that stroke risk was increased with only moderate (HR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.04–4.00) and severe (HR: 3.01, 95% CI: 1.43–6.31) depression among individuals without insomnia.Conclusion Although general depression does not significantly increase stroke risk, moderate-to-severe depression may increase this risk, particularly in individuals without insomnia.
Clinical Significance of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale-II in Children With Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Park Gyeongwon , Kim Jichul , Lee Taeyeop , Kim Hyo-Won
Published: December 2024

Objective This study compared adaptive functioning measured by the Korean version of Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition (K-VABS-II), in preschool children with developmental disabilities (DD) and those with typical development (TD). We also examined the correlation of K-VABS-II adaptive profiles with developmental and behavioral assessments.Methods Two hundred preschool children (73 females and 127 males, mean age 54.7±9.1 months) were recruited from special educational centers, community-based daycare centers, and kindergartens. Eighty-one with DD comprising 61 with autism spectrum disorder, 63 with intellectual disability, 12 with language disorder, and 119 with TD were included. Their developmental profiles were measured by the Psychoeducational Profile-Revised (PEP-R), Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale (PRES), K-VABS-II, Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), and the Korean version of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (K-CARS). The parent completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC).Results The K-VABS-II Adaptive Behavior Composite and all domain scores of K-VABS-II differed significantly between children with DD and TD (all p<0.001). In most domains, K-VABS-II had moderate-to-strong correlations with PEP-R, PRES, K-CARS, and SRS. The Maladaptive Behavior Index domain of K-VABS-II had moderate correlations with behavioral assessments, including CBCL and ABC.Conclusion These findings suggest that K-VABS-II is useful in evaluating developmental levels and adaptive and maladaptive behaviors of preschool children with DD. K-VABS-II also had significant correlations with cognitive, language, social, and behavioral assessments.
Evaluating the Longitudinal Efficacy of Suicide CARE (a Korean Standard Gatekeeper Training Program) in a General Community Sample: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Seol Jinmi , Lee Hwa-Young , Lee Sang Min , Ki Seon Wan , Cho Sung Joon , Oh Kang Seob , Paik Jong-Woo
Published: December 2024

Objective Suicide poses a significant public health concern with increasing prevalence in the general population, emphasizing the need for effective gatekeeper suicide prevention education. This study assesses the longitudinal effectiveness of the “Suicide CARE” gatekeeper training program within a general community sample. Suicide CARE is representative gatekeeper program in Korea. A total of 5 million individuals completed the training program of Suicide CARE in Korea to date.Methods Participants were recruited through the Korea Suicide Prevention Association website, randomly assigned to the experimental (n=49) or control group (n=53). Pre- and post-training surveys, along with a 3-month follow-up, measured perceived knowledge, gatekeeper efficacy, preparedness, and attitudes toward suicide. Longitudinal effects were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.Results The experimental group showed significant improvement in perceived knowledge, gatekeeper efficacy, perceived preparedness, and some aspects of attitude towards suicide compared to the control group, with effects declining over time but remaining statistically significant at the 3-month follow-up test.Conclusion This study is the first to evaluate the longitudinal effectiveness of Suicide CARE in a community population. Strategic integration of evidence-based gatekeeper training programs like Suicide CARE can contribute to community suicide prevention initiatives.
Development and Validation of the COVID-19 Infection Fear Scale in a Collectivist Cultural Context: A Study From South Korea
Authors: Choi Yun-Kyeung , Hyun Jinhee , Kim Seok-Joo , Kim Heeguk , Sohn Sunju , Lee Yu-Ri , Paik Jong-Woo , Lee So Hee , Lee Jong-Sun
Published: December 2024

Objective Understanding the specific fears associated with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), particularly within different cultural contexts, is crucial for developing effective mental health interventions. This study aims to develop and validate the COVID-19 Infection Fear Scale (CIFS) in a collectivist cultural context such as Korea.Methods A total of 1,002 adults aged 19 to 70 participated in an online survey in May 2020. The CIFS was developed through a multidisciplinary approach, categorizing public fears into two domains: fear of infection and fear of negative outcomes post-infection. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to validate the factor structure. Reliability and construct validity were assessed through correlations with anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), suicidal ideation, and coping strategies.Results The CIFS demonstrated high internal consistency. EFA and CFA supported a two-factor model. The Rasch analysis confirmed good item fit, with infit and outfit indices within the acceptable range. Differential item functioning analysis indicated minor sex and age biases, addressed without removing items. Construct validity was supported by significant correlations with anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and coping strategies. Fear of negative consequences post-infection showed a stronger correlation with psychological distress than fear of infection.Conclusion The CIFS is a reliable and valid tool for measuring fear related to COVID-19 infection and its consequences, particularly within a collectivist cultural context. This scale can aid in identifying individuals at higher risk of psychological distress and inform targeted interventions.
Comparison of Tricaine Methanesulfonate (MS-222) and Alfaxalone Anesthesia in Bluegill Fish (Lepomis macrochirus)
Authors: Teague Melissa A , Carbaugh Chance M , Norris Sarah L , Meinig J Matthew , Spencer Jade L , Martin Monica L , Widder Mark W
Published: December 2024

Bluegill fish (Lepomis macrochirus) are a popular sportfish across North America. Research involving bluegill has focused mainly on locomotion, environmental monitoring, bioaccumulation, and toxicology. With fish becoming more popular research models, bluegill use may increase. Consideration for sedation and anesthesia in bluegill is lacking. MS-222 is a commonly used anesthetic in fish that requires a 21-d washout period before entry into the food chain. Other, safer options for anesthesia should be available. In this study, we first determined a suitable MS-222 dose for general anesthesia, then compared it with 2 different concentrations of alfaxalone (5 and 10 mg/L). Both concentrations of alfaxalone were adequate to reach the desired anesthetic plane, although time to effect was dose-dependent and longer in these groups when compared with MS-222. Time to recovery was also prolonged in both alfaxalone groups compared with the MS-222 group. We also assessed anesthetic degradation in the water bath over time. In this study, we show that sedation with alfaxalone at 5 and 10 mg/L is just as effective as MS-222 with no degradation of either anesthetic over the time measured.
Management of Grant Collections in Special Libraries
Authors: Isnani Khafifah , Samosir Fransiska Timoria , Sa'diyah Lailatus
Published: December 2024

The research provides a comprehensive overview of the process of managing grant collections and efforts to overcome challenges in the diplomatic library of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The expected outcome of this research is to contribute to a better understanding of grant collection management in the diplomatic library environment of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The study focuses on the management of grant collections in the diplomatic library, emphasizing the processes that must be undertaken before being presented to library users. The research utilizes qualitative methods through interviews, observations. Challenges faced in managing grant collections include limited storage space and a shortage of human resources, posing challenges to collection management. Efforts made by librarians to address these challenges include, first, separating collections that are not suitable, and second, addressing the shortage of human resources by collaborating with universities to supplement human resources through the acceptance of internship students. The importance of this research is to use it as a comparison material that will be applied in other libraries, so that the application of grant management in other libraries can be even better.
Implementation of Stock Opname In Collection Development In Special Libraries
Authors: Nuriwati Titan , Samosir Fransiska Timoria , Sa'diyah Lailatus
Published: December 2024

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs library has a diverse collection, ranging from books, journals, magazines, to electronic documents. The collection covers various fields, such as foreign relations, politics, economics, law and culture.One way to care for or maintain a collection is to do it Stock Recording. To find out how librarians carry out Stock Taking activities in Collection Development at the Diplomacy Library of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Indonesia. The method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Library has a fairly complete and diverse collection. The procedure for developing the Diplomacy Library collection at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is prepared systematically and planned to ensure that the library collection is always relevant to the needs of users. Stock taking of the Diplomacy Library of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is usually carried out in December or January. Stock taking is carried out by a team consisting of librarians, library supervisors and student interns. The results of the stock take are then recorded in the stock take report. The suggestions that researchers give to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Library are expected to improve and develop the collection. By improving quality, adding new collections and increasing collection accessibility, it is hoped that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Library can become a better library and can meet the needs of its users.
Wastes in Automotive Maintenance Businesses, Its Effects on Employees and Precautions
Authors: Çetin Murat , Demirci Oğuz Kürşat
Published: December 2024

This study offers an exhaustive analysis of the emissions and waste produced by vehicle maintenance and repair activities, underscoring their detrimental impacts on the health and ergonomic conditions of service workers. It underscores the critical need for the implementation of straightforward yet effective measures to mitigate these adverse effects. The paper delineates a variety of strategies aimed at enhancing the well-being of maintenance personnel by minimizing their exposure to harmful substances and improving workplace ergonomics. Heightened environmental awareness has positively influenced research on waste disposal methods. Implementing environmentally friendly waste and emission disposal methods in automotive maintenance is projected to reduce costs for mechanics and operators. Furthermore, the study elaborated on the comprehensive processes undertaken in automotive maintenance facilities, detailing the journey of waste from its origin to its final disposal. Effective management of these processes provides significant environmental and economic benefits. Additionally, the study presents a series of evidence-based recommendations designed to cultivate a safer and healthier working environment for automotive service professionals. These recommendations aim to improve overall working conditions in the industry by contributing to the enhancement of occupational health and safety standards. Through these measures, the research advocates for a comprehensive approach to occupational health within the automotive repair industry.
Development of economic institutions and forms of interspatial interaction
Authors: Gaynanov Damir ,   Institute of Social and Economic Researches - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Science, Shelomentsev Andrei ,   Institute of Social and Economic Researches - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Science, Tazhitdinov Ilshat ,   Institute of Social and Economic Researches - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Science, Aslayeva Salima ,   Institute of Social and Economic Researches - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Science, Ataeva Aisylu ,   Institute of Social and Economic Researches - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Science, Akhmetov Vilyur ,   Institute of Social and Economic Researches - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Science, Biglova Alfiya ,   Institute of Social and Economic Researches - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Science, Galikeev Razit ,   Institute of Social and Economic Researches - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Science, Goncharova Kseniya ,   Department of Regional Socio-Economic Systems Research, Institute of Economics Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Spirina Liana ,   Institute of Social and Economic Researches - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Science, Ulyaeva Alsu ,   Institute of Social and Economic Researches - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Science, Chuvashaeva Elvira ,   Institute of Social and Economic Researches - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Science, Tagirova Elina ,   Institute of Social and Economic Researches - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Science, Klekovkina Ksenia ,   Institute of Social and Economic Researches - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Science
Published: December 2024

The monograph is devoted to the development of institutions of functioning of multilevel spatial systems, reflecting their heterogeneity and industry specificity. It substantiates the proposals for the creation of new institutional support on an innovative basis.
It is recommended for researchers, specialists dealing with spatial development, undergraduates, graduate students.
Mallampati score and intubation succes in neurosurgery patients
Authors: Yusuf Hanafi , Donsu Jenita Doli Tine , Maryana Maryana , Herawati Lucky
Published: December 2024

Surgical procedures involving the nervous system have an incidence of intubation failure in all age categories and cause severe complications such as hypoxia, aspiration, and increased intracranial pressure, which can worsen the patient's neurological condition. Accurate preoperative assessment is important to predict intubation-related complications. One of the important predictors of intubation success is the Mallampati score. Several studies on Mallampati Score showed different results, so this study aimed to find out the relationship between Mallampati score and intubation success in neurosurgery patients. This study is an observational analysis with a cross-sectional design, conducted from February 12 to March 23, 2024. The sampling technique used a total sampling with 33 respondents. Data analysis was carried out using the Chi-Square test. Most respondents with Mallampati Score 1-2 successfully underwent intubation (42.4%). Respondents with Mallampati scores in grades 3-4 mostly experienced failed intubation (39.4%). There was a statistically significant association between Mallampati scores and intubation success in neurosurgical patients. The Mallampati score can be used as part of a comprehensive airway assessment. Additional instruments and comprehensive clinical evaluation improve the success of intubation and reduce the risk of complications. Respondents with Mallampati scores in grades 3-4 mostly experienced failed intubation (39.4. Additional instruments and comprehensive clinical evaluation can improve the success of intubation and reduce the risk of complications. Future research is encouraged to study how cultural and demographic factors affect Mallampati's score and its predictive value in different populations, which could provide insights into its generalization and application in various healthcare contexts.
Correlation between ESR and hs-CRP Levels with HbA1c in diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Farah Adelia Qotrunnada  , Anik Handayati  , Museyaroh  , Lully Hanni Endarini
Published: December 2024

Subclinical inflammation and almost every indication of systemic inflammation, which is defined by elevated levels of inflammatory markers in the blood, are seen in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Understanding the relationship between inflammatory markers and glycemic control is essential for creating comprehensive management strategies to avoid diabetes-related complications. The aims of this study were to determine the correlation between erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in DM patients. This was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design that was conducted on 35 DM patients from the DM prolanis group at the Bangkalan Regency First-Level Health Facility. HbA1c and hs-CRP levels were measured using the fluorescence immunoassay (FIA) method, while ESR was assessed using the Westergren method. Statistical analysis was performed using the Spearman correlation test. Regarding the biomarkers, all respondents (100%) had HbA1c levels >8.0%, 43% had elevated hs-CRP levels associated with cardiovascular risk, and 80% had abnormal ESR values. A significant relationship was found between ESR and HbA1c (p = 0.019; r = 0.394), but no significant relationship was observed between hs-CRP and HbA1c (p = 0.351; r = 0.163). The relationship between inflammation and glycemic control in DM can be understood through the correlation of ESR, hs-CRP, and HbA1c. These findings offer practical value, particularly in monitoring disease progression and managing diabetes-related complications. Future research should investigate the effects of interventions aimed at reducing inflammation, e.g lifestyle modifications or anti-inflammatory medications, on ESR, hs-CRP, and HbA1c levels.
An integrative re-evaluation of the Fusarium sambucinum species complex
Authors: Sandoval-Denis M. , Costa M.M. , Broders K. , Becker Y. , Maier W. , Yurkov A. , Kermode A. , Buddie A.G. , Ryan M.J. , Schumacher R.K. , Groenewald J.Z. , Crous PW.
Published: December 2024

The species-rich Fusarium sambucinum species complex (FSAMSC; Fusarium, Nectriaceae, Hypocreales) is well-known for including devastating plant pathogens and toxigenic species. However, this group of grass-loving fungi also accommodates soil saprobes, endophytes,
mycoparasites and rare opportunistic pathogens of humans and other animals. Recent publications have highlighted the vast phylogenetic and biochemical diversity of the FSAMSC, although a large number of taxa in FSAMSC have not been systematically described and still lack Latin binomials. In
this study we established the phylogenetic breadth of the FSAMSC using an integrative approach including morphological, multilocus phylogenetic, and coalescence analyses based on five gene regions (calmodulin, RNA polymerase II largest and second largest subunits, translation elongation factor
1-α, and β-tubulin). Results obtained support the recognition of 75 taxa in FSAMSC, including all the currently known species segregates of the Fusarium head-blight pathogen F. graminearum s. lat. Thirty novel species are formally described and illustrated,
while four phylogenetic species remain undescribed. An epitype is proposed for the generic type of Fusarium, F. sambucinum, from recently collected material identified by means of morphology, phylogenetics and mating experiments, fixing the phylogenetic application of
the name. Additional notes are included on the typification of Fusisporium cerealis (syn. Fusarium cerealis).
Quantifying the benefits of nature-based solutions in urban drainage on headwater stream water quality
Authors: Gomez Barbara , Diaz Nelson Samuel , Saraceno Martin , Sinistro Rodrigo , Graziano Martin
Published: December 2024

In urban areas lacking adequate sanitation infrastructure, greywater flows into nearby urban streams through the stormwater drainage network. This study evaluates the impact of this drainage on water quality in a headwater stream in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires (AMBA), Argentina. We analysed and model pollutant loads — organic matter, nutrients, and allochthonous faecal bacteria — entering the stream via the stormwater drainage network, comparing vegetated systems (green infrastructure) and concrete systems (grey infrastructure) across seasons. We observed the relative impact of domestic effluents on stream water quality, with significant input flows (3-16% across seasons) and high mass loads of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Oil and Grease, nutrients, and allochthonous faecal bacteria, which, in some cases, double the concentrations of these substances in stream water over a one-kilometre reach. Linear models showed that both features, season and type of infrastructure, have mostly independent and differential effects on effluent quality. Grey infrastructure showed a significant increase in flow across seasons, together with a reduction in nitrate and total phosphorus levels. On the other hand, an increase in effluent BOD and COD levels was observed in winter, while DOC and nitrate concentrations increased in summer. Finally, bayesian models of effluent impact on stream water quality showed that during the most critical season (winter), the impact on the organic load of the stream is predominantly higher in a scenario with only grey infrastructure, with estimated increases between 1-96% for the different pollutants compared to green infrastructure. Overall, our results suggest that higher temperatures and the presence of green infrastructure, such as vegetated ditches, result in a lower impact of domestic effluents on stream water quality through mechanisms such as improved infiltration and enhanced biotic activity that contribute to metabolizing the organic load present in the effluent. This study highlights the ecological benefits of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) for urban water management, underscoring the potential of green infrastructure to improve water quality, support biodiversity, and strengthen the resilience of urban ecosystems
Beyond the Hype: A Simulation Study Evaluating the Predictive Performance of Machine Learning Models in Psychology
Authors: Jankowsky Kristin , Speck Kim-Laura , Scharf Florian , Schroeders Ulrich
Published: December 2024

Although Machine learning (ML) models are gaining popularity in psychological research, the debate about their usefulness ranges from hype to disillusionment. The discrepancy between the hopes placed in ML and the psychometric reality is often attributed to the quality of psychological datasets, which tend to be small and subject to imprecise measurement. In this simulation study, we examined the data requirements necessary for complex ML algorithms to perform well. We compared the performance of Elastic Net Regressions and Gradient Boosting Machines (GBM) under various conditions: (a) sample size, (b) number of irrelevant predictors, (c) predictor reliability, (d) effect size, and (e) nature of the data generating model (i.e., linear vs. non-linear effects). Our study had two major goals: First, we investigated whether the models achieved the maximum predictive performance (i.e., recovery of the simulated effects). Second, we examined whether the respective models were able to accurately distinguish between relevant and irrelevant predictors. Our results showed that Elastic Net Regressions with pre-specified interaction terms outperformed GBM models in almost all conditions, but still only achieved the maximum possible predictive performance under optimal conditions (N = 1,000, perfectly reliable predictors, predominantly linear effects, and an exceptionally large effect size of R² = .80), which are arguably rarely met in psychological research. We stress that data quality fundamentally limits the performance of ML models in a similar way to more traditional regression analyses and discuss the validity of comparing increasingly complex models in psychological research.
Questions in Information Seeking: A Primer
Authors: Raz Tuval , Kenett Yoed
Published: December 2024

Question-asking, a foundational aspect of human communication, is an integral part of information-seeking behavior. This review delves into the complex landscape of question asking theories, exploring their many intersections with a myriad of fields such as social discourse, early development, problem solving, artificial intelligence (AI), and educational applications. We explore not just why asking questions is important for cognitive development and learning, but also the nature of good questions and potential benefits of learning to ask better, more complex questions. To this aim, we introduce the Question-Asking in Information Seeking (QuInS) framework, a comprehensive framework synthesizing decades of research on question-asking across developmental, social, educational, and technological domains. Through QuInS, we introduce a unified perspective on the iterative, dynamic processes that drive inquiry, emphasizing how curiosity, creativity, and cognitive engagement shape effective question-asking. We examine the origins of question-asking in childhood, theories of inquiry as information-seeking behavior, and the role of complex, open-ended questions in fostering creativity and problem-solving. In addition, we explore how advancements in AI, computational models, and educational strategies help us formulate better questioning approaches. Lastly, we highlight the implications and future research directions which arise from these different theories and explore how these findings can be harnessed to make people more efficient, effective and creative learners and question askers.
POSSIBLE MECHANISM OF SONOCATALYTIC ACTIVATION OF POTASSIUM PEROXYDISULFATE FOR THE DEGRADATION OF SAFRANIN T DYE
Authors: Sukhatskyi Yurii , Dmytrenko Tetiana , Sozanskyi Martyn , Znak Zenovii
Published: December 2024

The stable structure of dyes, their low capacity for biodegradation, the removal of pollutants without their mineralization are significant obstacles to the application of many physico-chemical and biological methods of purification of aquatic environments from dyes. Innovative methods that ensure the mineralization of harmful organic pollutants in water systems, including dyes, are advanced oxidation processes based on the use of secondary oxidants (reactive oxygen species) obtained as a result of activation of primary oxidants (hydrogen peroxide, ozone, potassium persulfate, sodium percarbonate, periodates, etc.), which effectively attack pollutant molecules, contributing to their intensive degradation.
The efficiency of dye degradation is determined by the number of reactive oxygen species, which depends on the efficiency of activation of the primary oxidant. Potassium peroxydisulfate (K2S2O8) was chosen as the primary oxidant for safranin T dye degradation, which was activated in an ultrasonic cavitation field and by MnFe2O4 spinel nanoparticles (sonocatalytic activation).
It was found that as the temperature of the reaction medium increased from 393 to 433 K, the degree of dye degradation increased from 77.7 to 98.3 %, which indicated the important role of temperature as the third factor in the activation of K2S2O8. It was found that the oxidative degradation of safranin T is most accurately described by the kinetic equation of the second-order reaction. The maximum value of the rate constant of oxidative degradation of safranin T was 40.8971 M-1s-1 under the following conditions of experimental research: pH = 3; the initial concentration of the aqueous solution of safranin T was 57.06·10-6 mol/dm3; initial concentration of potassium peroxydisulfate — 5.706 mmol/dm3; catalyst loading — 0.1 g/dm3; the specific power of ultrasonic cavitation treatment was 51 W/dm3.
The main reactive oxygen species (singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radicals, sulfate radical anions) were identified using the “spin traps” method, of which singlet oxygen was the dominant oxygen form.
ANALYSIS OF THE ALUMINUM DISSOLUTION CONDITIONS DURING HYDROGEN RELEASE BY POLARIZATION DIAGRAM
Authors: Sukhyy Mikhaylo , Nefedov Volodymyr , Polishchuk Yuliya , Sknar Iryna
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to one of the most pressing problems of the economy and energy independence of Ukraine and the world — alternative, "green" energy. Interest in H2 as an ecologically clean renewable fuel is constantly growing. An important place among the methods of obtaining hydrogen is occupied by electrochemical decomposition of water in saline, acidic or alkaline solutions. Hydrogen obtained by the electrolytic method is the purest of all methods of its industrial production. But the production of hydrogen consumes a significant amount of electricity. We offer a method of obtaining hydrogen with the simultaneous generation of electricity, which is implemented by replacing the anodic process of oxygen release with the dissolution of a backfill anode made of an electronegative metal — aluminum. According to the polarization diagrams, the conditions of dissolution of the aluminum anode, its polarization and polarizability were investigated. This made it possible to estimate the potential difference and current density generated in the reactor.
Determining the optimal range of concentrations and temperatures allows to control the process of dissolving aluminum and its alloys, including using additional cathode. In the future, this will allow to substantiate the design of the elements of the electroreactor for the production of hydrogen.
РОЗРОБКА МАТЕМАТИЧНОЇ МОДЕЛІ МЕТОДУ АНАЛІЗУ ІЄРАРХІЙ ДЛЯ ПРИЙНЯТТЯ УПРАВЛІНСЬКИХ РІШЕНЬ
Authors: Волосова Н.М. , Гноєвой Д.В.
Published: December 2024

У роботі досліджено підходи щодо реалізації методу аналізу ієрархій і розроблено математичну модель розв’язання задач прийняття управлінських рішень, а саме вибору оптимального проєкту розвитку з декількох альтернативних проєктів.
При виконанні дослідження було проаналізовано методику застосування методу аналізу ієрархій (МАІ), його основні характеристики та структуру, підходи до виконання попарних порівнянь в МАІ, процедуру визначення вектора пріоритетів та оцінювання міри погодженості отриманих оцінок. В роботі була апробована методика шести фільтрів, що поєднала послідовне використання всіх стандартних критеріїв прийняття рішень в умовах невизначеності, а саме, критерії Уальда, Севіджа, Гурвіца, середнього ризику, Бейеса-Лапласа, Ходжа-Лемана.
За даною методикою було розроблено модель для оптимального вибору прогнозного проєкту розвитку підприємства готельного бізнесу, перевірено його узгодженість з результатами методики використання шести фільтрів-критеріїв прийняття рішень в умовах невизначеності. Завдяки застосованій методиці МАІ можливо не лише виконати прогнозування і визначити оптимальний проєкт чи напрям розвитку, а й визначити технологію коригування — впливу на систему для реалізації бажаного проєкту чи асиміляції декількох проєктів з високою ймовірністю успішної реалізації. При виконанні попарних порівнянь на кожному рівні були визначені найважливіші чинники впливу на досліджуваний показник, що також є корисною інформацією для адміністрації підприємства для наступних аналітичних досліджень і коригування проєкту розвитку у випадку змін на певних рівнях ієрархії. Чисельні розрахунки було виконано в системі комп’ютерної математики MathCAD і в ЕТ Excel.
Запропонована модель може бути застосована для розв’язання задач прийняття управлінських рішень при прогнозуванні діяльності, вибору оптимального проєкту подальшого розвитку підприємств готельного, видавничого, ресторанного бізнесу та інших; для виявлення найважливіших чинників впливу на складові прогнозного проєкту, що є корисним при виникненні необхідності коригування обраного проєкту в процесі його реалізації.
ЧИСЕЛЬНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ДОКРИТИЧНОГО І ЗАКРИТИЧНОГО ОБТІКАННЯ ПРОФІЛЮ ТУРБУЛЕНТНИМ ПОТОКОМ
Authors: Редчиць Д.O. , Моісеєнко С.В. , Акіменко О.В.
Published: December 2024

Для чисельного моделювання турбулентного докритичного і закритичного обтікання профілю NACA 4412 нестисливим потоком застосовуються нестаціонарні осереднені за Рейнольдсом рівняння Нав'є-Стокса. Для замикання вихідних рівнянь використано три однопараметричні моделі турбулентної в'язкості SA, SARC, SALSA. Розв'язок системи вихідних рівнянь отримано за допомогою неявного скінченно-об'ємного чисельного алгоритму, що базується на методі штучного стискування, модифікованому для розв'язання нестаціонарних задач. Блочно-матричну систему лінійних алгебраїчних рівнянь неявної схеми було розв'язано методом мінімізації узагальненої неузгодженості (GMRES) з неповним LU-розкладанням ILU(k) загальної матриці системи в якості передобумовлення. Проведено порівняння однопараметричних моделей турбулентності SA, SARC, SALSA при обтіканні профілю NACA 4412 турбулентним нестисливим потоком. Виконано аналіз отриманих миттєвих ліній течії, контурів інтенсивностей турбулентної в'язкості та завихреності, коефіцієнтів підйомної сили та лобового опору для характерних режимів обтікання. На докритичних кутах усі три моделі дають близькі результати за всіма характеристиками. Встановлено, що на закритичному режимі обтікання профілю NACA 4412 модель турбулентності SARC не призводить до істотного поліпшення одержуваних результатів (за розподілом коефіцієнта тиску в зоні відриву) порівняно зі стандартною моделлю SA. Однак необхідні обчислювальні ресурси збільшуються на 30 %. Модель турбулентності SALSA призводить до значного поліпшення одержуваних результатів порівняно з моделями SA, SARC на закритичних кутах атаки. Модель SALSA більш чутлива до зміни структури течії. Порівняння результатів розрахунків з відомими експериментальними та розрахунковими даними показало перевагу моделі турбулентності SALSA порівняно з іншими тестованими моделями в течіях з розвиненим і масивним двовимірним нестаціонарним відривом потоку, що характеризуються нестаціонарними ефектами.
ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ СТУПЕНІ ЗНОСУ ДОСЛІДНИХ ЗРАЗКІВ ПОРШНЕВИХ КІЛЕЦЬ ДВЗ
Authors: Чернета О.Г. , Середа Б.П. , Кубіч В.І. , Бондюк Д.М. , Суслов І.В.
Published: December 2024

У двигунах внутрішнього згоряння зношування деталей циліндро-поршневої групи пов'язане із взаємодією трибосистеми «поршневе кільце - гільза циліндра». Функціонування такої системи суттєво залежить від властивостей поверхонь тертя, та віддзеркалює їх взаємодії та залежать від багатьох факторів: фізичних, механічних, геометричних, кінематичних властивостей.
Особливості процесів тертя та протікання процесів зношування в значному ступені визначаються властивостями поверхневих шарів, їх структурними та зв'язками міцності з основним металом. В процесі експлуатації поверхні деталей зазнають значних змін мікрогеометрії та макроструктури.
В результаті припрацювання шорсткість поверхонь деталей зменшується. Нерівності, що утворилися при обробці, замінюються нерівностями, спричиненими процесами зношування, внаслідок інтенсивних теплових та механічних впливів. Деталі циліндро-поршневої групи (ЦПГ) одночасно піддаються молекулярно-механічному та абразивному зношування [1]. Інтенсивність молекулярно-механічного зношування залежить від швидкостей переміщення пар тертя, контактного тиску та температури спалаху горючої суміші. При їх несприятливому поєднанні інтенсивність схоплювання різко збільшується та може виникнути вирив з поверхні мікрочасток.