bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attenuation of ultraviolet radiation and photosynthetically active radiation in six Yunnan Plateau lakes of China based on seasonal field investigations
Authors: Wang Weilu , Yang Xuan , Huang Licheng , Qin Jiang , Zhou Qichao
Published: February 2020

Solar radiation is a primary driver affecting several physical, chemical and biological processes in lake ecosystems. The attenuation of sunlight in water is directly controlled by optically active substances. Here, the seasonal and interlake heterogeneities of the diffuse attenuation coefficients (Kd(λ)) of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) were studied based on field investigations in six Yunnan Plateau lakes (i.e., Chenghai, Dianchi, Erhai, Fuxian, Lugu and Yangzong) of China, October 2014‒July 2016. The results revealed that Kd(λ) generally increased with decreasing wavelength and increasing trophic state and that Kd(UVR) presented higher interlake heterogeneity than Kd(PAR). The interlake heterogeneity surpassed the seasonal heterogeneity of Kd(λ), whereas the intralake seasonal heterogeneity, which is related to the lake trophic state and solar spectrum, was obvious. Although the main factors affecting Kd(λ) were chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and phytoplankton in general, the interlake heterogeneity was found. In eutrophic, turbid shallow Lake Dianchi, CDOM primarily affected UV-B, whereas total suspended solids (TSS) and/or phytoplankton had important effects on Kd(UV-B), Kd(UV-A) and Kd(PAR). CDOM, TSS and phytoplankton influenced the Kd(UV-B), Kd(UV-A) and Kd(PAR) in the deep mesotrophic Lake Chenghai and Lake Erhai, but the main particulate factors were different between these two lakes. In the deep, oligotrophic clear Lake Fuxian and Lake Lugu, only the significant effect of CDOM on Kd(UVR) in Lake Fuxian was detected. Additionally, the factors affecting Kd(λ) in Lake Yangzong were atypical, possibly due to the artificial addition of massive amounts of ferric chloride.
Comparison between sentinel lymph node hybrid scintigraphy and blue dye technique in breast cancer patients: An institutional experience
Authors: Siddique Maimoona , Hassan Aamna , Nawaz Muhammad , Bashir Humayun , Chaudhry Muhammad
Published: February 2020

To compare the detection efficacy of radionuclide lymphoscintigraphy (LS) versus patent blue dye (PBD) technique for hidden sentinel lymph node (SLN) in breast cancer patients and to determine which modality is better for SLN detection. One hundred and thirty-four early stage breast cancer female patients with clinically negative axilla who underwent post technetium-99m nanocolloid injection single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT-CT) for negative SLN on planar imaging were studied prospectively between 2015 and 2017. Following SPECT-CT, patients underwent peroperative gamma probe count detection GP-CD and PBD technique. Visually, blue stained ± hot nodes were surgically removed and subjected to histopathological analysis. The detection rate by individual method was calculated. Kappa statistics were applied to calculate overall agreement between radioisotope and PBD techniques for diagnostic value assessment. One hundred and thirty-four patients underwent SPECT-CT LS and PBD injection. Mean age: 47 ± 7.6 years (range: 26–82 years). Forty-nine (36.6%) had T1 and 85 (63.4%) T2. SPECT-CT LS detected SLN in 105/134 cases (success rate: 78.4%), later GP-CD localized “hot nodes”in additional 20 cases (success rate: 93.3%). The PBD successfully localized SLN in 131/134 (97.8%) cases. Three cases remained negative on both radioisotope and PBD localization, which on subsequent nodal dissection had metastatic disease. All SLNs detected on SPECT-CT showed blue dye uptake. In 112 cases, more than one SLN was surgically removed. Frozen section analysis of excised SLNs showed metastasis in 31%. Overall moderate agreement (k = 0.56) was calculated. No statistically significant difference was seen between isotope detection and PBD. Radionuclide sentinel mapping has good detection rate particularly combined with peroperative GP-CD. The PBD has added value to reduce false-negative rate of SLN mapping and can substitute radionuclide imaging with negative results.
The Moral Economy: Why Good Incentives Are No Substitute for Good Citizens
Yale University Press New Haven and London, 2016, 288 pages, ISBN: 9780300163803
Authors: Javed Ahmad Khan Javed Ahmad Khan
Published: February 2020

The words ‘moral’ and ‘economy’ originated in the classical intellectual
world and in Aristotle’s social theory; besides the politics and ethics, economy was the
third domain of practical philosophy where excessive profit making and charging of
interest were not the moral practices. However, in the middle of the eighteenth century,
the ‘moral economy’ got separated from the morality, and turned out to be simply a
religious concept. Defining the moral economy in the 21st century on the basis of
goodness, fairness, and justice is something perplexing for the proponents of market
economies. But can we ignore the moral basis in our ‘ordinary business’ of life? The
book under review, The Moral Economy by Samuel Bowles raises several questions in
this regard and tries to show that our basic human goodness is more effective in
decision making than the financial incentives. The strength of this book lies in its using
different case studies and behavioral experiments with evidence-based arguments on
the workable economic and financial world of the 21st century. Islamic economics is
based on morality and ethics. Thus, the purpose behind the review of this path breaking
work is to understand its relevance to Islamic economics that has emerged as a new
paradigm in recent decades.
Waqf as a Socio-Economic Institution
Authors: Mohamed Aslam Haneef Mohamed Aslam Haneef
Published: February 2020

Syed Khalid Rashid’s lead paper titled ‘Potential of Waqf in Contemporary
World’ is a welcome addition to the growing literature on waqf. This brief writeup
focuses more on waqf as a ‘socio-economic institution’ and to place waqf as the ‘third’
or voluntary sector of the economy. It will raise some points on a variety of important
‘issues’ essential for the revival of waqf which, it is hoped, will complement the lead
article. In addition, this paper will share findings and draw from a research project (of
which the author was a part of) on Waqf and Higher Education (termed as LRGSWaqf),
to support arguments put forward.
Awqāf: Social Spending, Development Strategy and Financing
Authors: Volker Nienhaus Volker Nienhaus
Published: February 2020

A revitalization and development of old awqāf could generate notable
revenues to finance social expenditures (although probably less than very optimistic
estimates suggest). Awqāf should be conceived as institutions of the civil society, but
they are actually managed by ministries or state agencies in most Muslim jurisdictions.
Decisions on comprehensive awqāf development schemes should be made in a
participatory setting that is compatible with the geographical coverage of waqf-based
social benefits and gives awqāf beneficiaries an organized voice. The financing of
revitalization projects can be supported by cash awqāf that can attract funds from
people of all means. Further resources could be mobilized if fiqh and awqāf laws
accept usufructs and financial rights as the basis for a waqf.
صكوك المشاركة التفضيلية في الإيراد
Authors: محمد أنس الزرقا محمد أنس الزرقا
Published: February 2020

. إن صيغ المشاركة في الإيراد (المبيعات أو الناتج) هي امتدادٌ لعقود المزارعة والمساقاة والمغارسة المطبقة من قديم في الفقه الإسلامي. وعلى الرغم من دورها الكامن في تمويل مشروعات البنية الأساسية المدرة للدخل إلا أنها لم تطبق حتى الآن للقيام بهذا الدور المهم في التمويل الإسلامي. يستعرض البحث بإيجاز الكتابات في الاقتصاد التقليدي عن المشاركة في الإيراد، وتطبيقاتها الحديثة في مجال الشراكة بين القطاعين العام والخاص لتمويل إنشاء وتشغيل مشروعات البنية الأساسية. ويقترح البحث نموذجًا جديدًا للصكوك يستند على صيغة المشاركة في الإيراد، مع مرونة إضافية تسمح بتفضيل أحد الشريكين على الآخر في معدل المشاركة في الإيراد و/أو التكاليف، مما يتيح للمشروع الواحد اجتذاب أطراف يختلفون في ميلهم لتحمل الخطر، وفي توقعاتهم لعوائد المشروع. ويجلي البحث حقيقة مهمة هي أن صيغ المشاركة في الإيراد عمومًا، والنموذج المقترح خصوصًا، تقلل تفاوت المعلومات بين الطرفين، ومن ثم تخفض الحاجة إلى الرقابة وتكاليفها، مقارنة بصيغ المشاركة في الربح. ثم يعرض البحث تطبيقات تلك الحقيقة ومزاياها، والإشكالات الفقهية والاقتصادية العديدة التي تثيرها وتحتاج إلى دراسات مستقبلية مستقلة.
Совершенные паросочетания и $K_{1, p}$-ограниченные графы
Authors: Irzhavski Pavel Aleksandrovich , Orlovich Yurii Leonidovich
Published: February 2020

Граф называется $K_{1, p}$-ограниченным ($p \ge 3$), если для каждой вершины графа между любыми $p$ еe соседями есть хотя бы $p - 2$ рeбер. В настоящей работе устанавливаются достаточные условия существования совершенного паросочетания в $K_{1, p}$-ограниченных графах в терминах требований к их связности и степеням вершин. Из этих условий, в частности, вытекает классический результат Ю. Петерсена о том, что в любом рeберно $2$-связном $3$-регулярном графе существует совершенное паросочетание.
Булевы аналоги треугольника Паскаля с максимально возможным числом единиц
Authors: Malyshev Fedor Mikhailovich
Published: February 2020

Работа посвящена определению максимально возможного числа единиц $\xi$ в треугольных массивах $T_s$ из $\frac{s(s+1)}{2}$ элементов поля $GF(2)$, задаваемых верхней строкой из $s$ элементов. Элементы каждой ниже стоящей строки получаются суммированием (как в треугольнике Паскаля) пар соседних элементов выше стоящей строки. Доказано, что $\xi\leqslant\lceil\frac{s(s+1)}{3}\rceil$ и эта оценка достигается только на треугольниках $T_s$ с верхней строкой в виде последовательности Фибоначчи по mod 2.
Consensus-Based Expert Development of Critical Items for Direct Observation of Point-of-Care Ultrasound Skills
Authors: Ma Irene W. Y. , Desy Janeve , Woo Michael Y. , Kirkpatrick Andrew W. , Noble Vicki E.
Published: February 2020

Background

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is increasingly used in a number of medical specialties. To support competency-based POCUS education, workplace-based assessments are essential.

Objective

We developed a consensus-based assessment tool for POCUS skills and determined which items are critical for competence. We then performed standards setting to set cut scores for the tool.

Methods

Using a modified Delphi technique, 25 experts voted on 32 items over 3 rounds between August and December 2016. Consensus was defined as agreement by at least 80% of the experts. Twelve experts then performed 3 rounds of a standards setting procedure in March 2017 to establish cut scores.

Results

Experts reached consensus for 31 items to include in the tool. Experts reached consensus that 16 of those items were critically important. A final cut score for the tool was established at 65.2% (SD 17.0%). Cut scores for critical items are significantly higher than those for noncritical items (76.5% ± SD 12.4% versus 53.1% ± SD 12.2%, P < .0001).

Conclusions

We reached consensus on a 31-item workplace-based assessment tool for identifying competence in POCUS. Of those items, 16 were considered critically important. Their importance is further supported by higher cut scores compared with noncritical items.
Marital and love attitudes as predictors of Polish young adults’ relationship status
Authors: Adamczyk Katarzyna
Published: February 2020

Background

The purpose of this study was to longitudinally examine the predictive role of marital and love attitudes and of the love–marriage connection for young adults’ relationship status.

Participants and procedure

The study was based on a sample of 117 Polish participants aged 20-33 who completed the Polish versions of the Love Atti-tudes Scale – Short Form and Marital Attitudes Scale and provided answers to the seven questions concerning love as a basis for marriage.

Results

The performed analyses demonstrated that 1) single and partnered individuals reported similar levels of marital attitudes; 2) sin-gle individuals scored higher on the Eros love style than partnered individuals in the first assessment; 3) single individuals scored lower on the Mania love style than partnered individuals in the first and the second assessments; 4) single individuals scored higher in the first assessment on the Importance of love for entering marriage in comparison to partnered individuals. A binary logistic regression indicated that the Eros and Mania love styles in the first assessment were significant predictors of young adults’ relationships in the second assessment. The alternative model predicting marital and love attitudes and the love–marriage connection at Time 2 (T2) from young adults’ relationship status at Time 1 (T1) demonstrated that relationship status at T1 was predictive only of the Mania love style at T2.

Conclusions

The Eros and Mania love styles were significant predictors of young adults’ relationships after a 12-month interval, and rela-tionship status was predictive of the Mania love style at 12 months after the first assessment.
Augmented muscle activation in reaching movements after stroke
Authors: Vieira Paula Cintia Dos Santos , Oliveira Rafael Almeida , Fernandes Luciane Martinho , Pereira Karina , Souza Luciane Aparecida Pascucci Sande de
Published: February 2020

Purpose

Post-stroke hemiparesis can cause motor deficits that affect the completion of functional activities, such as reaching. The study aim was to quantitatively compare the changes in muscle activation between hemiparetic individuals during the subacute and chronic phases of recovery and healthy individuals in a reaching task.

Methods

The electromyographic activity was recorded of the upper trapezius (UT), biceps brachii (BB), triceps brachii (TB), flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), and extensor carpi radialis (ECR ) muscles in 10 subacute individuals (group 1), 10 chronic individuals (group 2), and 10 healthy individuals (group 3). The normalized root mean square (nRMS) was calculated,
followed by a qualitative index based on maximum activation, and the occurrence of co-contraction was analysed.

Results

In the nRMS analysis, group 1 presented significantly higher activation than group 3 for BB, TB, and ECR; group 2 showed significantly higher activation than group 3 for BB and FCU. In the qualitative analysis, group 1 exhibited greater activity for UT, group 2 for ECR, and group 3 for UT. There was no statistically significant difference in the co-contraction analysis between the antagonist muscle pairs of BB/TB and FCU/ECR.

Conclusions

Muscle activation was greater in the post-stroke groups in comparison with healthy individuals.
Do older women with a fall history cross obstacles differently than older women with no fall history?
Authors: Guadagnin Eliane C. , Rocha Emmanuel S. da , Bobbert Maarten F. , Duysens Jacques , Carpes Felipe P.
Published: February 2020

Purpose

Many falls in older people occur after tripping or slipping, mainly due to unsuccessful vertical clearances or horizontal distances. A first fall may be explained by several factors related to aging and can be a trigger to subsequent falls. It is unclear if a history of fall changes the kinematics of obstacle crossing, increasing the risk of trips. Here, we determined whether older women reporting a fall history showed different spatial-temporal kinematic parameters during obstacle crossing than non-fallers. In addition, we investigated the presence of asymmetries between the preferred and non-preferred lower limb during obstacle crossing in fallers and non-fallers.

Methods

This cross-sectional study recruited older women with a history of fall (n = 10) and without falls (n = 10). They had their kinematic parameters evaluated when walking at self-selected speed along an 8-m walkway, crossing an obstacle positioned in the middle of the walkway, with both preferred and non-preferred limb as the lead limb. The groups were compared, and effects of lower limb preference were also determined in both groups.

Results

No main effects of group were observed regarding the kinematic variables. An effect of leg preference was found for post-obstacle horizontal distance, which was greater for the preferred limb in both groups.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the kinematics of gait with obstacle crossing does not differentiate between older women with or without a history of recent fall.
Functional lateralization of tool-sound and action-word processing in a bilingual brain
Authors: Klichowski Michal , Nowik Agnieszka , Kroliczak Gregory , Lewis James
Published: February 2020

Background

The impact of bilingualism on lateralized brain functions such as praxis – the control of skilled actions – and language representations themselves, particularly in the auditory domain, is still largely unknown. Recent stud-ies suggest that bilingualism affects both basic (fundamental frequency) sound and action-related speech pro-cessing. Whether it can impact non-verbal action sound processing is a question of debate.

Participants and procedure

Here we examined twenty bilinguals using a dichotic listening paradigm, in which in addition to repeating the just heard action words, participants named – in Polish or English – one of two simultaneously presented tool sounds from attended ears. The results were compared with data from these same participants tested with reading the same words in a visual-half field paradigm.

Results

In contrast to typical outcomes from monolinguals, the laterality indices of action-related sound processing (verbal and non-verbal) were not left lateralized but hemispherically balanced. Notably, despite similar organi-zation of tool- and action-word sound processing, their auditory (balanced) and visual-language (left-lateralized) representations might be independent because there were no significant correlations between any of their laterality indices.

Conclusions

This indicates that bilingualism might involve reshuffling/reorganization of typically lateralized brain functions and such plasticity will have consequences for second language learning strategies, as well as for neuroreha-bilitation.
Diagnostic ability of contrast-enhanced computed tomography for metastatic cervical nodes in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: significance of additional coronal reconstruction images
Authors: Ando Tomohiro , Kato Hiroki , Kawaguchi Masaya , Tanahashi Yukichi , Aoki Mitsuhiro , Kuze Bunya , Matsuo Masayuki
Published: February 2020

Purpose

To evaluate the significance of additional coronal reconstruction images in the diagnostic ability of contrast- enhanced computed tomography (CECT) for metastatic cervical nodes in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC).

Material and methods

We retrospectively assessed 97 metastatic and 141 reactive histologically proven cervical nodes of 38 patients with HNSCC, who underwent CECT before neck dissection. Observer #1, an expert radiologist in head and neck imaging, and observer #2, a general radiologist, reviewed all CECT images. The observers first assessed the presence of nodal metastasis using axial CECT alone (A-CECT). Three days later, they reassessed its presence using combined axial and coronal CECT (A&C-CECT).

Results

The sensitivity of A-CECT vs. A&C-CECT was 73.2% vs. 75.3% for observer #1 (p = 0.73) and 69.1% vs. 69.1% for observer #2 (p = 1.00), respectively. The specificity of A-CECT versus A&C-CECT was 92.2% vs. 97.2% for observer #1 (p < 0.05) and 92.9% vs. 95.7% for observer #2 (p = 0.22), respectively. The accuracy of A-CECT versus A&C-CECT was 84.5% vs. 88.2% for observer #1 (p < 0.05) and 83.2% vs. 85.3% for observer #2 (p = 0.30), respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of A-CECT vs. A&C-CECT was 0.86 vs. 0.91 for observer #1 (p < 0.05) and 0.85 vs. 0.85 for observer #2 (p = 0.80), respectively.

Conclusions

The specificity, accuracy, and AUC increased with the use of coronal images during the assessment by the expert radiologist. The appropriate use of coronal images allowed proper configuration recognition and improved diagnostic ability.
Relationship between calcific tendinopathy and rotator cuff tear on shoulder magnetic resonance imaging: case-controlled comparison
Authors: Sucuoğlu Hamza , Asan Abdülkadir
Published: February 2020

Purpose

To determine the frequency of rotator cuff tear on the shoulder magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients with rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy and the relationship between rotator cuff tear and calcific tendinopathy.

Material and methods

In this retrospective case control study, 137 patients with calcific tendinopathy and 137 control group patients without calcific tendinopathy with shoulder pain, whose age, sex, and shoulder laterality values were matched, were compared in terms of rotator cuff tears on their shoulder MRI images.

Results

The frequency of rotator cuff tear was found to be significantly higher in the control group (37.2%) compared to the calcific tendinopathy group (23.4%) (p < 0.01). Partial thickness was 81.3% in the calcific tendinopathy group and 70.6% in the control group, and no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of the size of the rotator cuff tear (p > 0.05). In the calcific tendinopathy group, there was no significant relationship between the localisation of calcification and the rotator cuff tear, and only in 4.4% of the participants were calcification and tear at the same location on the same tendon (p > 0.05, r = 0.04).

Conclusions

The patients with calcific tendinopathy, who had been admitted with shoulder pain, did not demonstrate an increased risk of rotator cuff tear based on their MRI compared to patients with shoulder pain without calcific tendinopathy. No significant relationship was determined between calcific tendinopathy and rotator cuff tear.
Fat misbehaving in the abdominal cavity: a pictorial essay
Authors: Devos Hannes , Goethals Lode , Belsack Dries , Brucker Yannick De , Allemeersch Gert-Jan , Ilsen Bart , Vandenbroucke Frederik , Mey Johan de
Published: February 2020

Intra-abdominal fat is abundantly present in both the peritoneum and retroperitoneum. Fat necrosis or inflammation are common findings in abdominal imaging. The most common pathologies that we encounter are epiploic appenda­gitis, omental infarction, mesenteric panniculitis, and encapsulated fat necrosis. Less common entities that can occur are pancreatic saponification, heterotopic mesenteric ossification, and pseudolipoma of the capsule of Glisson. These entities can mimic more urgent pathologies such as appendicitis, diverticulitis, or malignancies.
Mutual promotion between aerosol particle liquid water and particulate nitrate enhancement leads to severe nitrate-dominated particulate matter pollution and low visibility
Authors: Wang Yu , Chen Ying , Wu Zhijun , Shang Dongjie , Bian Yuxuan , Du Zhuofei , Schmitt Sebastian H. , Su Rong , Gkatzelis Georgios I. , Schlag Patrick , Hohaus Thorsten , Voliotis Aristeidis , Lu Keding , Zeng Limin , Zhao Chunsheng , Alfarra M. Rami , McFiggans Gordon , Wiedensohler Alfred , Kiendler-Scharr Astrid , Zhang Yuanhang , Hu Min
Published: February 2020

Abstract. As has been the case in North America and western Europe,
the SO2 emissions have substantially reduced in the North China Plain (NCP) in
recent years. Differential rates of reduction in SO2 and NOx
concentrations result in the frequent occurrence of particulate matter pollution dominated by nitrate
(pNO3-) over the NCP. In this
study, we observed a polluted episode with the particulate nitrate mass
fraction in nonrefractory PM1 (NR-PM1) being up to 44 % during
wintertime in Beijing. Based on this typical pNO3--dominated haze
event, the linkage between aerosol water uptake and pNO3-
enhancement, further impacting on visibility degradation, has been
investigated based on field observations and theoretical calculations.
During haze development, as ambient relative humidity (RH) increased from
∼10 % to 70 %, the aerosol particle liquid water
increased from ∼1 µg m−3 at the beginning to
∼75 µg m−3 in the fully developed haze period. The
aerosol liquid water further increased the aerosol surface area and volume,
enhancing the condensational loss of N2O5 over particles. From the
beginning to the fully developed haze, the condensational loss of
N2O5 increased by a factor of 20 when only considering aerosol
surface area and volume of dry particles, while increasing by a factor of 25 when
considering extra surface area and volume due to water uptake. Furthermore,
aerosol liquid water favored the thermodynamic equilibrium of HNO3 in
the particle phase under the supersaturated HNO3 and NH3 in the
atmosphere. All the above results demonstrated that pNO3- is
enhanced by aerosol water uptake with elevated ambient RH during haze
development, in turn facilitating the aerosol take-up of water due to the
hygroscopicity of particulate nitrate salt. Such mutual promotion between
aerosol particle liquid water and particulate nitrate enhancement can
rapidly degrade air quality and halve visibility within 1 d. Reduction
of nitrogen-containing gaseous precursors, e.g., by control of traffic
emissions, is essential in mitigating severe haze events in the NCP.
PROTEVS-MED field experiments: very high resolution hydrographic surveys in the Western Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Garreau Pierre , Dumas Franck , Louazel Stéphanie , Correard Stéphanie , Fercocq Solenn , Le Menn Marc , Serpette Alain , Garnier Valérie , Stegner Alexandre , Le Vu Briac , Doglioli Andrea , Gregori Gerald
Published: February 2020

Abstract. From 2015 to 2018 four field experiments (seven legs) were performed in the Western Mediterranean basin during winter or early
spring. The main objectives were the assessment of high-resolution
modeling and the observation of mesoscale structure and associated
ageostrophic dynamics. Thanks to the intensive use of a towed vehicle
undulating in the upper oceanic layer between 0 and 400 m depth (SeaSoar), a large number of very high resolution hydrographic transects
(total length about 10 000 km) were measured, observing mesoscale
dynamics (slope current and its instabilities, anticyclonic eddies,
submesoscale coherent vortices, frontal dynamics, convection events, strait
outflows) and submesoscale processes like stirring, mixed-layer or symmetric
instabilities. When available, the data were completed with velocities
recorded by a vessel-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (VMADCP) and by
surface salinity and temperature recorded by a thermosalinograph (TSG).
Classical full-depth CTD (conductivity, temperature, depth) stations were also used, providing the background hydrography of the deeper layers
when focusing on peculiar structures. In 2017, a free-fall profiler (MVP-200; MVP – moving vessel profiler) was deployed to manage even higher horizontal resolutions. In
2018, another free-fall profiler (a rapidCAST) was tested. When
available, biological sensors (chlorophyll a, turbidity, dissolved oxygen,
etc.) were used. They provided useful complementary observations
about the circulation. This dataset is an unprecedented opportunity to
investigate the very fine scale processes, as the Mediterranean Sea is known
for its intense and contrasting dynamics. It should be useful for modellers
(who reduce the grid size below a few hundred meters) and should properly
resolve finer-scale dynamics. Likewise, theoretical work could also be
illustrated by in situ evidence embedded in this dataset. The data are
available through the SEANOE repository at: https://doi.org/10.17882/62352 (Dumas et al., 2018).
Composition, Digestibility, and Microbiological Quality of the Animal-Origin Meal
Authors: Silva Julia Marixara Sousa da , Souza Christiane Silva , Gouveia Alison Batista Vieira Silva , Silva Weslane Justina da , Paulo Lorrayne Moraes de , Sousa Fabrício Eumar de , Sousa Jiovanna Gonçalves , Rezende Cíntia Silva Minafra e , Santos Fabiana Ramos dos , Minafra Cibele Silva
Published: February 2020

There is currently a growing interest of animal nutritionists and farmers in the use of by-products and/or agro-industrial residues in feeds. The purpose is to reduce production costs, since feed represents nearly 70% of the cost of production, as well as to allocate waste properly, minimizing potential environmental impacts. The characteristics of the residues used and their physical and/ or chemical limitations should be known, providing nutritionist with the correct information for the best choice and use of these ingredients for animal nutrition. This study aims to characterize the centesimal and energetic composition, digestibility, and microbiological quality of animal-origin meals in non-ruminant feeds. Samples of animal-origin meals – AOM (n=210), hydrolyzed feather meals (n=70), chicken offal meal (n=70), and pig offal meal (n=70) were evaluated. The following variables were determined: moisture, crude protein, amino acids, ethereal extract, ash content, FAO grain size analysis, and protein digestibility. Peroxide and acidity levels were determined to evaluate the oxidative process. The microbiological quality of AOM evaluated by the presence/absence of Salmonella spp.; the apparent metabolizable energy was verified by the indirect method using prediction equations. The amounts of proteins, minerals, amino acids, and energy differed from those reported in the literature. These results were possibly due to the different operational processes performed in each one of the experiments, as well as the proportions of constituents in the compared raw materials compared. Moreover, we observed that the AOM is within the Brazilian hygienic-sanitary standards.
Water Restriction Affects Germination and Initial Sunflower Development
Authors: Yamashita Oscar Mitsuo , Goncalves Danillo De La Queyferr , Carvalho Marco Antonio Camillo de , Dallacort Rivanildo , Felito Ricardo Adriano , Ferreira Aureane Cristina Teixeira , Rocha Adriano Maltezo da
Published: February 2020

Sunflower is a crop of great economic interest both nationally and internationally, due to its use especially in oil production. However, factors such as water restriction are commonly found in growing areas and exert a negative influence on the productive performance of the crop, especially in critical periods, such as the germination and initial development of the seedlings. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the germinate behavior of seeds of sunflower cultivars as a function of lower osmotic potentials. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design, in a 3x5 factorial scheme, three sunflower cultivars (Charrua, Nussol and Olisiun 4) and five osmotic potentials (0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.8, -1.2 MPa) with 3 replicates. For the study, solutions of polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) were repaired. Rolls of paper towels were moistened with the concentrations and later kept in a germination chamber at 25 °C, where they remained for ten days. First counts (4th day) and total counts (10th day) were performed, and the germination rate (%) was verified. In addition, in the last evaluation, aerial and root length, green mass and dry mass of seedlings were determined. Based on the results obtained it can be verified that in osmotic potential higher than -0.8 MPa, no germination occurred. Nussol germinated more in more negative concentrations, with a germination rate of 90%, differing from the cultivars Charrua and Olisiun 4, which, in larger potentials, reached only 30% of germination.
Das intelligente Energiesystem der Zukunft
Authors: Kelly Ryan
Published: February 2020

The regulated rollout of smart meters is intended to digitise the energy infrastructure with the goal of creating a future-oriented European energy system. In order to implement the EU requirements, the German legislature is pursuing a regulatory strategy with mandatory legal toleration of intelligent metering systems. This is associated with a variety of fundamental rights and data protection problems. The study examines the smart meter rollout in its complex reality between constitutional, energy and data protection law, as well as European and national regulations. The implementation of smart meters will be discussed in its entirety and analysed on the basis of constitutional and EU law. The focus lies, in particular, on the dogmatic localisation in the European constitutional framework and the examination on the legal basis of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The results of the study are visualised in two condensed illustrations.
In search of a "new" Sovietology, new Post-Sovietology or Central Asian Studies…
Authors: Shaimardanova Zarema
Published: February 2020

The Euro-American, Kazakh and Russian studies naturally raised and are still raising the
question of the future Sovietology, Post-Sovietology and even Post-Post- Sovietology
caused by the USSR collapse and understanding the need to rethink the theoretical and
methodological foundations to study the New Independent States / CIS as a whole and in the Central Asian region, in particular. Sovietology could not adequately reflect the
changed reality. The author demonstrates the consistency and inconsistency of sovietology concerning the question about Kazakhstan history, as colonization, russification, sovietization and etc. The socio-economic development of independent Kazakhstan evaluated by foreign researchers was taken as an example in order to show traits of Sovietology inherited earlier. Guided by the inequality of the world order and sovietology experience, the objective and impartial theoretical and methodological basis to study CIS space is required. Otherwise, methodological inconsistency of Sovietology and PostSovietology in explanation and understanding of the political and socio-cultural processes in the territory of CIS will be a natural phenomenon. The "special way" of study, neoinstitutional approach, historical, comparative and pluralist approaches are offered on the basis of international scholars' analysis.
Statistical Normalization Methods in Interpersonal and Intertheoretic Comparisons
Authors: Cotton-Barratt Owen , MacAskill William , Ord Toby ,   Journal of Philosophy Inc.
Published: February 2020

A major problem for interpersonal aggregation is how to compare utility across individuals; a major problem for decision-making under normative uncertainty is the formally analogous problem of how to compare choice-worthiness across theories. We introduce and study a class of methods, which we call statistical normalization methods, for making interpersonal comparisons of utility and intertheoretic comparisons of choice-worthiness. We argue against the statistical normalization methods that have been proposed in the literature. We argue, instead, in favor of normalization of variance: we claim that this is the account that most plausibly gives all individuals or theories ‘equal say’. To this end, we provide two proofs that variance normalization has desirable properties that all other normalization methods lack, though we also show how different assumptions could lead one to axiomatize alternative statistical normalization methods.
Application and Pitfalls of Immunohistochemistry in Diagnosis of Challenging Genitourinary Cases
Authors: Ross Jenny , Li Guangyuan , Yang Ximing J.
Published: February 2020

Context.—

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has become increasingly important in the evaluation of pathologic conditions in the genitourinary (GU) organs. In addition to careful evaluation of hematoxylin-eosin sections and generation of a differential diagnosis, choosing the optimal panel of IHC markers becomes even more important when the biopsy material is very limited. The following summary of our experience supplemented with relevant literature review exemplifies how to use IHC to facilitate pathologic diagnosis in the GU system.

Objective.—

To describe our experience with the most common immunohistochemical markers used in GU pathology.

Data Sources.—

Institutional experience and literature search comprise our data sources.

Conclusions.—

Application of IHC provides enormous benefits to the interpretation of GU pathologic conditions, including benign and malignant lesions. However, both insufficient and excessive types of use of IHC, as well as incorrect interpretations in common and rare GU conditions, could present pitfalls in diagnosis.
Electroless deposition of nickel boron coatings using morpholine borane as a reducing agent
Authors: Sukackienė Zita , Antanavičiūtė Kornelija , Vaičiūnienė Jūratė , Tamašauskaitė-Tamašiūnaitė Loreta , Naujokaitis Arnas , Norkus Eugenijus
Published: February 2020

Nickel boron (NiB) coatings were deposited onto copper using a nickelglycine (Ni-Gly) plating solution and morpholine borane (MB) as a reducing agent. It has been determined that using MB as a reducing agent in the Ni-Gly plating solution produces NiB coatings, which exhibit typical cauliflower-like textures. The deposition rate of the NiB coatings and their composition depend on the concentrations of the reducing agent (MB) and the ligand (Gly), in addition to the pH and temperature of the plating solution. The highest deposition rate (3.42 mg cm–2 h–1) of the NiB coating was obtained when the plating bath was operated at pH 5 and 60°C temperature. Using this method, NiB coatings containing 10–20 at.% of boron can be obtained.
Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidative activities of carbazole derivatives
Authors: Dabrovolskas Kęstutis , Jonuškienė Ilona , Sutkuvienė Simona , Gudeika Dalius
Published: February 2020

Seven compounds were synthesized by known methods, and their antibacterial activity was evaluated against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli using a disk diffusion method. Antioxidative activity was evaluated using free 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power methods. The disk diffusion method revealed that 6 out of 7 tested compounds showed antibacterial activity against tested strains, they inhibited the growth of bacteria at various concentrations, from 31.25 to 250 μg/ml. 3-Cyano-9H-carbazole, 3-iodo-9Hcarbazole and 3,6-diiodo-9H-carbazole showed a stronger antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis compared to the reference drug amoxicillin. 1,3,6-Tribromo-9H-carbazole showed a stronger activity against Escherichia coli. All tested compounds showed a weak antioxidative activity by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay methods.
Generative Adversarial Immitation Learning for Steering an Unmanned Surface Vehicle
Authors: Vedeler Alexandra , Warakagoda Narada
Published: February 2020

The task of obstacle avoidance using maritime vessels, such as Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USV), has traditionally been solved using specialized modules that are designed and optimized separately. However, this approach requires a deep insight into the environment, the vessel, and their complex dynamics. We propose an alternative method using Imitation Learning (IL) through Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Deep Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) and present a system that learns an end-to-end steering model capable of mapping radar-like images directly to steering actions in an obstacle avoidance scenario. The USV used in the work is equipped with a Radar sensor and we studied the problem of generating a single action parameter, heading. We apply an IL algorithm known as generative adversarial imitation learning (GAIL) to develop an end-to-end steering model for a scenario where avoidance of an obstacle is the goal. The performance of the system was studied for different design choices and compared to that of a system that is based on pure RL. The IL system produces results that indicate it is able to grasp the concept of the task and that in many ways are on par with the RL system. We deem this to be promising for future use in tasks that are not as easily described by a reward function.
TallPinus luzmariaetrees with genes fromP. herrerae
Authors: Wehenkel Christian , Mariscal-Lucero Samantha del Rocío , González-Elizondo M. Socorro , Aguirre-Galindo Víctor A. , Fladung Matthias , López-Sánchez Carlos A.
Published: February 2020

Context

Pinus herreraeandP. luzmariaeare endemic to western Mexico, where they cover an area of more than 1 million hectares.Pinus herreraeis also cultivated in field trials in South Africa and South America, because of its considerable economic importance as a source of timber and resin. Seed quality, afforestation success and desirable traits may all be influenced by the presence of hybrid trees in seed stands.

Aims

We aimed to determine the degree of hybridization betweenP.herreraeandP.luzmariaein seed stands of each species located in the Sierra Madre Occidental, Durango, Mexico.

Methods

AFLP molecular markers from samples of 171 trees across five populations were analyzed with STRUCTURE and NewHybrids software to determine the degree of introgressive hybridization. The accuracy of STRUCTURE and NewHybrids in detecting hybrids was quantified using the software Hybridlab 1.0. Morphological analysis of 131 samples from two populations ofP. herreraeand two populations ofP. luzmariaewas also conducted by Random Forest classification. The data were compared by Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) in GenAlex 6.501.

Results

Hybridization betweenPinus herreraeandP. luzmariaewas observed in all seed stands under study and resulted in enhancement of desirable silvicultural traits in the latter species. InP. luzmariae, only about 16% molecularly detected hybrids correspond to those identified on a morphological basis. However, the morphology ofP. herreraeis not consistent with the molecularly identified hybrids from one population and is only consistent with 3.3 of those from the other population.

Conclusions

This is the first report of hybrid vigour (heterosis) in Mexican pines. Information about hybridization and introgression is essential for developing effective future breeding programs, successful establishment of plantations and management of natural forest stands. Understanding how natural hybridization may influence the evolution and adaptation of pines to climate change is a cornerstone to sustainable forest management including adaptive silviculture.
Element concentrations in pelagicSargassumalong the Mexican Caribbean coast in 2018-2019
Authors: Rodríguez-Martínez Rosa E. , Roy Priyadarsi D. , Torrescano-Valle Nuria , Cabanillas-Terán Nancy , Carrillo-Domínguez Silvia , Collado-Vides Ligia , García-Sánchez Marta , van Tussenbroek Brigitta I.
Published: February 2020

The massive influx of pelagicSargassumspp. (sargasso) into the Mexican Caribbean Sea has caused major deterioration of the coastal environment and has affected the tourism industry as well as livelihoods since 2015. Species ofSargassumhave high capacity to absorb metals; thus, leachates of sargasso may contribute to contamination by potentially toxic metals when they drain into the sea and into the groundwater when dumped in inadequate land deposits. Valorization of sargasso would contribute to sustainable management; therefore, knowledge on potentially toxic metal content is necessary to define possible uses of the algae. We present concentrations of 28 elements measured using a non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analyzer (XRF) in 63 samples of sargasso collected between August 2018 and June 2019 from eight localities along ∼370 km long coastline of the Mexican Caribbean Sea. The sargasso tissues contained detectable concentrations of Al, As, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, P, Pb, Rb, S, Si, Sr, Th, U, V, and Zn. The element concentration in sargasso varied on spatial and temporal scales, which likely depended on the previous trajectory of the pelagic masses, and whether these had (or had not) passed through contaminated areas. Total arsenic concentration varied between 24–172 ppm DW, exceeding the maximum limit for seaweed intended as animal fooder (40 ppm DW) in 86% of the samples. For valorization, we recommend analyses of metal contents as a mandatory practice or avoiding uses for nutritional purposes. The high arsenic content is also of concern for environmental contamination of the sea and aquifer.
Generalized Fibonacci Numbers: Sum Formulas
Authors: Soykan Yüksel
Published: February 2020

In this paper, closed forms of the summation formulas for generalized Fibonacci numbers are presented. As special cases, we give summation formulas of Fibonacci, Lucas, Pell, Pell-Lucas, Jacobsthal, Jacobsthal-Lucas numbers. We present the proofs to indicate how these formulas, in general, were discovered. Of course, all the listed formulas may be proved by induction, but that method of proof gives no clue about their discovery.
Impact of the Mutual Health Insurance on the Staff Medical Care of the University of Kisangani
Authors: Bikenge Joseph Baroani , Kitronza John Panda Lukongo
Published: February 2020

Introduction: The creation of the Mutual Health Insurance within the University of Kisangani is justified by the deterioration of the country's socio-economic situation, with unfortunate consequences for the sectors of life, with a view to improving the provision of medical care. To carry out this study successfully, we have set ourselves the following objectives: Check the evolution of the number of members of the mutual during the study period, identify the diseases that have required a lot of resources from the mutual during the four years of study, determine the professional category most assisted by the mutual's coverage and highlight the differences in the contribution of members by professional category.

Methodology: This is a retrospective descriptive study of the various cases of medical coverage of Kisangani University staff by the Mutual Health Insurance during the period 2014 to 2017. For this study, we worked with a comprehensive sample, i.e. the entire study population estimated at 1,432 adherent members, taking into account all their monthly contributions during the period 2014 to 2017. It was carried out thanks to the documentary analysis and the interview.

Results: The number of members of the mutual health insurance scheme was 1,311 in 2017, compared to 1,432 when it was created, i.e. a wastage rate of 8.44%. The Mutual Health Insurance of the University of Kisangani had produced 277,248,600 Congolese francs from membership fees. In addition, the professional category most assisted by the Mutual Health Insurance of the University of Kisangani is mainly composed of Administrative, Technical and Labour Staff with 1,217 cases out of a total of 1,432 expected members, or 84.9%. Finally, malaria was the disease most commonly observed with recurrence during the period studied, with a total of 285 cases or 77.2%.
Interfacial Bonding of Metal‐Sulfides with Double Carbon for Improving Reversibility of Advanced Alkali‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ge Peng , Zhang Liming , Zhao Wenqing , Yang Yue , Sun Wei , Ji Xiaobo
Published: February 2020

Engineering interfacial properties of metal‐sulfides toward excellent electrochemical capability is imperative for advanced energy‐storage materials. However, they still suffer from an unclear mechanism of capacity fading, along with ineffective physical–chemical evolution. Herein, a highly‐effective Sb2S3 with double carbon is designed with interfacial SbC bonds and double carbon, which boosts promoting of ion transferring and alleviates the separation of both active phases (Sb, S). Through “voltage‐cutting” manners, the key elements of capacity improvement about phase transitions are further determined. As expected, even at 5.0 A g−1, the lithium‐storage capacity remains about 674 mAh g−1. Utilized as sodium ion battery (SIB) anode, the rate capacity still reaches up to 366 mAh g−1 at 3.0 A g−1, much larger than that of Sb2S3. Obtaining the full cell of Ni–Fe Prussian blue analog versus M‐Sb2S3@DC, the reversible capacity is 330 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1. Supported by kinetic analysis, the excellent rate properties are determined by the surface‐controlling behaviors, mainly resulting from the decreased capacitive resistance and improved ion moving. Furthermore, the reassembling evolution of active phases is revealed in detail by ex situ techniques. This work is expected to offer significant insights into interfacial evolutions toward advanced energy‐storage systems.