bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a risk model for different innovator types in textile and apparel industries
Authors: Kumarapeli Udeni , Ratnayake Vijitha , Jayawardana Sanath Siroshana
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Technological innovation is one of the strongest driving forces in the survival and growth of any organization, including textile and apparel industries. However, technological innovation inherits a wide array of risks due to the uncertainty involved in it. In-depth research reveals the existence of a significant relationship between innovation failures and the approach used to innovate, that is, the organization’s innovator type. However, quantitative evidence supporting this concern is still lacking. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to bridge the existing gap in the literature on effective management of technological innovation risk factors and the innovator type of textile and apparel industries.

Design/methodology/approach

The risk factors related to technological innovations are identified under different innovator types. Analytic network process (ANP) has been used to evaluate the contribution of risk factors according to the innovator type of the organization. Data was gathered through the literature review and structured and semi structured interviews with textile and apparel industry experts. The contribution of risk factors was determined through priorities, derived according to the ANP using Super Decision software.

Findings

Contribution of risk factors takes different values according to innovator type. This provides comprehensive knowledge on developing a risk management strategy according to the innovator type of the organization. Furthermore, this provides insight into the fact that a generalized risk management strategy will not be effective and sensible for all innovator types.

Originality/value

The findings provide a thorough understanding of developing a customized risk management strategy by determining the “most to least” criticality of risks based on the innovator type of the organization. Furthermore, findings can be used to adopt the most appropriate innovator type based on the organization’s key competencies. Moreover, this guides the organization in making the best use of internal resources during risk management. Furthermore, this provides insight into the risk factors that must be addressed prior to embarking on new innovative approaches.
Detecting unexpected scores of individual students in an examination based on past scores and current daily efforts
Authors: Alauddin Nursuhana , Tanaka Saki , Yamada Shu
Published: January 2023

Purpose

This paper proposes a model for detecting unexpected examination scores based on past scores, current daily efforts and trend in the current score of individual students. The detection is performed soon after the current examination is completed, which helps take immediate action to improve the ability of students before the commencement of daily assessments during the next semester.

Design/methodology/approach

The scores of past examinations and current daily assessments are analyzed using a combination of an ANOVA, a principal component analysis and a multiple regression analysis. A case study is conducted using the assessment scores of secondary-level students of an international school in Japan.

Findings

The score for the current examination is predicted based on past scores, current daily efforts and trend in the current score. A lower control limit for detecting unexpected scores is derived based on the predicted score. The actual score, which is below the lower control limit, is recognized as an unexpected score. This case study verifies the effectiveness of the combinatorial usage of data in detecting unexpected scores.

Originality/value

Unlike previous studies that utilize attribute and background data to predict student scores, this study utilizes a combination of past examination scores, current daily efforts for related subjects and trend in the current score.
Late Antiquity, Literature, and the History of Religions. In Dialogue with Anna‐Katharina Rieger and Sarah Cramsey
Authors: Tommasi Chiara Ombretta
Published: January 2023

This article presents some reflections on the relationship between literature, history and religion in Late Antiquity, which are meant primarily as a response to Anna‐Katharina Rieger and Sarah A. Cramsey, but also takes into consideration some of the other articles in this special issue.
Interactions of warming and altered nutrient load timing on the phenology of oxygen dynamics in Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Basenback Nicole , Testa Jeremy M. , Shen Chunqi
Published: January 2023

The effects of nutrient loading on estuaries are well studied, given the multitude of negative water quality and ecosystem effects that have been attributed to excess nitrogen and phosphorus. A current gap in this knowledge involves the sensitivity of seasonal cycles of estuarine biogeochemical processes to direct (warming) and indirect influences (nutrient load timing) of climate change. We used a coupled hydrologic–biogeochemical model to investigate changes in the phenology of hypoxia and related biogeochemical processes in Chesapeake Bay under three different hydrologic regimes. Shifts to earlier nutrient load timing during idealized simulations reduced the overall annual hypoxic volume, resulting from discernable, but relatively small reductions in phytoplankton biomass and both sediment and water‐column respiration. Simulated increases in water temperature caused an increase in spring/early summer hypoxic volume associated with elevated respiration rates, but an associated exhaustion of organic matter in the early summer caused a decrease in late summer/fall hypoxic volume due to lowered respiration. Warming effects on hypoxia were larger than nutrient timing effects in scenarios where warming was restricted to spring and when it was applied to all months of the year. These idealized simulations begin the process of understanding the potential impacts of future climatic changes in the seasonal timing of key biogeochemical processes associated with eutrophication.
Salmonella Heidelberg and Salmonella Minnesota in Brazilian broilers: Genomic characterization of third‐generation cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone‐resistant strains
Authors: Saidenberg Andre Becker Simoes , Franco Leticia Soares , Reple Jessica Nacarato , Hounmanou Yaovi Mahuton Gildas , Casas Monique Ribeiro Tiba , Cardoso Brenda , Esposito Fernanda , Lincopan Nilton , Dalsgaard Anders , Stegger Marc , Knöbl Terezinha
Published: January 2023

Salmonella serovars Heidelberg and Minnesota encoding antimicrobial resistance to third‐generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones are often detected in poultry/poultry meat. We analysed the genomes of 10 Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) and 4 Salmonella Minnesota (SM) from faecal isolates of Brazilian poultry. These featured virulent and multidrug‐resistant characteristics, with AmpC beta‐lactamase (blaCMY‐2) predominance (9/14), for all SM (4/4) and some SH (3/10) located on IncC plasmid replicons. IncC carrying blaCTX‐M‐2 was only detected among SH (3/10). Mutation in the gyrA/parC genes was present in all SH, whereas SM harboured parC mutation plus qnrB19 on ColRNAI plasmids (3/4). In silico resistance overall corroborated with phenotypic results. Core genome phylogenies showed close clustering and high similarities between the Brazilian and poultry meat/food isolates from Europe, and to human isolates from European countries with documented import of Brazilian poultry meat. Conjugation assays with SM successfully transferred blaCMY‐2, and qnrB19 to an Escherichia coli recipient. The findings reinforce the ongoing antimicrobial resistance acquisition of SH and Minnesota and the risks for disseminating resistant strains and/or mobile elements which may increasingly affect importing countries and the need for controlling AMR in major poultry‐exporting countries like Brazil.
Circulating tumor cells PD‐L1 expression detection and correlation of therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition in advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhou Qing , Liu Xiangning , Li Ji , Tong Bing , Xu Yan , Chen Minjiang , Liu Xiaoyan , Gao Xiaoxing , Shi Yuequan , Zhao Jing , Zhong Wei , Wang Mengzhao
Published: January 2023

Introduction

This study investigated whether programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood can serve as a predictive biomarker for immunotherapy efficacy in patients with advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods

We employed a negative enrichment method to isolate CTCs. We identified PD‐L1 + CTCs as PD‐L1+/4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI)+/CD45‐circulating tumor cells through an immunofluorescence method. Tumor tissue PD‐L1 expression was determined by immunohistochemical staining. The correlation between CTC PD‐L1 expression and patients' prognostic features was estimated through the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results

CTCs released a higher detection rate of PD‐L1 expression than tumor tissues (53.0% vs. 42.1%). No correlation was observed between them. Forty‐nine NSCLC patients received anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 immunotherapy (three with combined anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte‐associated antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4), two with four cycles of combined immune checkpoint inhibitors [ICIs] plus chemotherapy and ICI monotherapy for maintenance). Patients with PD‐L1 expression on tissue or CTCs had a median progression‐free survival (mPFS) of 5.6 months (n = 36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.6–7.5 months), significantly longer than those without PD‐L1 detection (n = 9, mPFS of 1.4 months, 95% CI 1.3–1.5 months, log‐rank p = 0.032). The multivariable Cox proportional‐hazard model suggested that the tissue or CTC PD‐L1 expression was associated with a lower risk of progression (hazard ratio 0.45, 95% CI 0.21–0.98, p = 0.043).

Conclusions

CTCs and tumor tissues reveal heterogeneous expression of PD‐L1 in NSCLC patients. Patients with baseline PD‐L1 expression on CTCs or tissue showed prolonged mPFS and may help to identify the subsets of patients who potentially benefit from immunotherapy.
Scale dependency of lidar‐derived forest structural diversity
Authors: Atkins Jeff W. , Costanza Jennifer , Dahlin Kyla M. , Dannenberg Matthew P. , Elmore Andrew J. , Fitzpatrick Matthew C. , Hakkenberg Christopher R. , Hardiman Brady S. , Kamoske Aaron , LaRue Elizabeth A. , Silva Carlos Alberto , Stovall Atticus E. L. , Tielens Elske K.
Published: January 2023

Lidar‐derived forest structural diversity (FSD) metrics—including measures of forest canopy height, vegetation arrangement, canopy cover (CC), structural complexity and leaf area and density—are increasingly used to describe forest structural characteristics and can be used to infer many ecosystem functions. Despite broad adoption, the importance of spatial resolution (grain and extent) over which these structural metrics are calculated remains largely unconsidered. Often researchers will quantify FSD at the spatial grain size of the process of interest without considering the scale dependency or statistical behaviour of the FSD metric employed.

We investigated the appropriate scale of inference for eight lidar‐derived spatial metrics—CC, canopy relief ratio, foliar height diversity, leaf area index, mean and median canopy height, mean outer canopy height, and rugosity (RT)‐‐representing five FSD categories—canopy arrangement, CC, canopy height, leaf area and density, and canopy complexity. Optimal scale was determined using the representative elementary area (REA) concept whereby the REA is the smallest grain size representative of the extent. Structural metrics were calculated at increasing canopy spatial grain (from 5 to 1000 m) from aerial lidar data collected at nine different forested ecosystems including sub‐boreal, broadleaf temperate, needleleaf temperate, dry tropical, woodland and savanna systems, all sites are part of the National Ecological Observatory Network within the conterminous United States. To identify the REA of each FSD metric, we used changepoint analysis via segmented or piecewise regression which identifies significant changepoints for both the magnitude and variance of each metric.

We find that using a spatial grain size between 25 and 75 m sufficiently captures the REA of CC, canopy arrangement, canopy leaf area and canopy complexity metrics across multiple forest types and a grain size of 30–150 m captures the REA of canopy height metrics. However, differences were evident among forest types with higher REA necessary to characterize CC in evergreen needleleaf forests, and canopy height in deciduous broadleaved forests.

These findings indicate the appropriate range of spatial grain sizes from which inferences can be drawn from this set of FSD metrics, informing the use of lidar‐derived structural metrics for research and management applications.
Effectiveness and reliability of the four‐step STANDING algorithm performed by interns and senior emergency physicians for predicting central causes of vertigo
Authors: Gerlier Camille , Fels Audrey , Vitaux Hélène , Mousset Carole , Perugini Alberto , Chatellier Gilles , Ganansia Olivier
Published: January 2023

Background

For emergency physicians (EPs), acute vertigo is a challenging complaint and learning a reliable clinical approach is needed. STANDING is a four‐step bedside algorithm that requires (1) identifying spontaneous nystagmus with Frenzel glasses or, alternatively, a positional nystagmus; (2) characterizing the nystagmus direction; (3) assessing the vestibuloocular reflex (head impulse test); and (4) assessing the gait. The objective was to determine its accuracy for diagnosing central vertigo when using by naïve examiners as such as interns and its agreement with senior EPs.

Methods

This was a prospective 1‐year diagnostic cohort study among patients with vertigo, vestibulovisual symptoms, or postural symptoms seen by 20 interns trained in the four‐step examination. The algorithm was performed first by an intern and second by a senior EP and categorized as either worrisome when indicating a central diagnosis and benign or inconclusive when indicating a peripheral diagnosis. The reference test was diffusion‐weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging.

Results

Among 312 patients included, 57 had a central diagnosis including 33 ischemic strokes (10.5%). The main etiology was benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (32.7%). The likelihood ratios were 4.63 and 10.33 for a worrisome STANDING, 0.09 and 0.01 for a benign STANDING, and 0.21 and 0.35 for an inconclusive STANDING, for interns and senior EPs, respectively. The algorithm showed sensitivities of 84.8% (95% CI 75.6%–93.9%) and 89.8% (95% CI 82.1%–97.5%), negative predictive values of 96.2% (95% CI 93.7%–98.6%) and 97.5% (95% CI 95.5%–99.5%), specificities of 88.9% (95% CI 85.1%–92.8%) and 91.3% (95% CI 87.8%–94.8%), and positive predictive values of 64.1% (95% CI 53.5%–74.8%) and 70.7% (95% CI 60.4%–81.0%), respectively. The agreement between interns and senior EPs was very substantial (B‐statistic coefficient: 0.77) and almost perfect for each step: (1) 0.87, (2) 0.98, (3) 0.95, and (4) 0.99.

Conclusions

With a single training session, the algorithm reached high accuracy and reliability for ruling out central causes of vertigo in the hands of both novices and experienced EPs. A future multicenter randomized controlled trial should further its impact on unnecessary neuroimaging use and patient's satisfaction.
Increased herbivory but not cyanogenesis is associated with urbanization in a tropical wildflower
Authors: Rivkin L. Ruth , de Andrade Antonio C.
Published: January 2023

Urbanization is associated with numerous changes to the biotic and abiotic environments, many of which lead to a loss of biodiversity. Some studies have documented increased herbivory rates in cities, which has been hypothesized to lead to the evolution of novel defence traits in plants. Yet evidence supporting this hypothesis is contradictory and entirely absent from South American cities. To address this research gap, we evaluated herbivory rates in the native urban wildflower, Turnera subulata (Turneraceae), along an urbanization gradient in Joao Pessoa, Brazil. We predicted that higher rates of herbivory in cities would lead to the expression of cyanogenesis, a chemical defence found in a closely related Turnera species. We estimated herbivory rates and screened for cyanogenesis in 32 populations along the urbanization gradient, quantified by the Human Footprint Index and the amount of impervious surface surrounding each site. We found herbivory rates increased in T. subulata populations with increasing urbanization, but we did not find evidence of cyanogenesis in any of the populations. Our results suggest that although herbivores respond positively to urbanization, the fitness effects of leaf herbivory may be insufficient to select for the evolution of cyanogenesis in some plants. Our results provide valuable insight into the effects of urbanization on plant‐herbivore interactions in the tropics.
Disclosure policy design and regulatory agent behavior
Authors: Makofske Matthew P.
Published: January 2023

Mandatory disclosure promotes self‐regulation of product quality but may also provide incentives for firms to manipulate disclosed information. Collection of quality information by inspectors protects against direct manipulation, but firms may attempt to unduly influence inspectors. In Las Vegas, Nevada, food‐service health inspections are numerically scored, with health code violations from three categories carrying prescribed demerit amounts. For disclosure however, numeric scores are coarsened into letter grades, which may encourage lobbying of inspectors to under‐report violations near threshold scores. Beginning in 2013, the demerit amount prescribed for each good‐practices violation was reduced from 1 to 0; whereas the letter‐grade scale and penalties prescribed for major and critical violations (3 and 5 demerits each) remained unchanged. Exploiting this removal of scoring implications from good‐practices violations, coupled with the discontinuous punishment severity inherent in letter‐grade disclosure, I find that inspectors significantly under‐reported good‐practices violations prior to 2013—by 31%–90% in some cases—when those violations were likely to affect letter grades. Without careful design, disclosure policies supplementing inspection programs may inadvertently undermine the regulatory efforts they were meant to support.
Implementing human factors in anaesthesia: guidance for clinicians, departments and hospitals
Authors: Kelly F. E. , Frerk C. , Bailey C. R. , Cook T. M. , Ferguson K. , Flin R. , Fong K. , Groom P. , John C. , Lang A. R. , Meek T. , Miller K. L. , Richmond L. , Sevdalis N. , Stacey M. R.
Published: January 2023

Human factors is an evidence‐based scientific discipline used in safety critical industries to improve safety and worker well‐being. The implementation of human factors strategies in anaesthesia has the potential to reduce the reliance on exceptional personal and team performance to provide safe and high‐quality patient care. To encourage the adoption of human factors science in anaesthesia, the Difficult Airway Society and the Association of Anaesthetists established a Working Party, including anaesthetists and operating theatre team members with human factors expertise and/or interest, plus a human factors scientist, an industrial psychologist and an experimental psychologist/implementation scientist. A three‐stage Delphi process was used to formulate a set of 12 recommendations: these are described using a ‘hierarchy of controls’ model and classified into design, barriers, mitigations and education and training strategies. Although most anaesthetic knowledge of human factors concerns non‐technical skills, such as teamwork and communication, human factors is a broad‐based scientific discipline with many other additional aspects that are just as important. Indeed, the human factors strategies most likely to have the greatest impact are those related to the design of safe working environments, equipment and systems. While our recommendations are primarily provided for anaesthetists and the teams they work with, there are likely to be lessons for others working in healthcare beyond the speciality of anaesthesia.
Africa's Next Debt Crisis: A Relational Comparison of Chinese and Western Lending to Zambia
Authors: Gort Joris , Brooks Andrew
Published: January 2023

Africa faces a new debt crisis fuelled by Chinese and Western lending. At the forefront is Zambia, which defaulted on Eurobond payments in 2020. The article sets the developing Africa‐wide crisis within a relational comparison that draws the current Zambian moment together with the financial collapse of the 1980s. By placing Chinese lending within a comparative global frame, we make three contributions. First, Zambia provides a “spatial fix” for capital, but such African borrowing is not passive and shapes hegemonic struggles between China and the US. Thus secondly, Africa's relationship with debt is co‐constituent in the remaking of the global economy, as signalled by the contested execution and interpretation of development‐as‐modernisation. Finally, a relational comparison of the two debt crises demonstrates that global capitalist hegemony is, partly, engineered by the consent and coercion of African governments, yet the human costs of borrowing are fully borne by the world's poorest.
Focus versus format: An American view of South Korea's regional engagement
Authors: Cooper Zack
Published: January 2023

The United States and South Korea are both shifting their engagement in the Indo‐Pacific, but in fundamentally different ways. In recent years, Washington has altered the format of its engagement in the region—shifting toward an increasingly minilateral approach seen in the Quad and AUKUS arrangements. On the other hand, Seoul has sought primarily to alter the focus of its engagement—shifting from a narrow focus on the Korean Peninsula toward a broader regional approach. In other words, American leaders have adjusted the format of their engagement while Korean leaders have adjusted the focus of their engagement. This has created a disconnect. As South Korea has aligned its focus to that of the United States, Seoul has expected Washington to integrate South Korea more deeply into American regional strategy. Yet, US efforts to build minilaterals have seldom included South Korea. Addressing this divide will require leaders in both capitals to adjust their approaches to both focus and format in the Indo‐Pacific.
Cardiotoxicity and pharmacogenetics of doxorubicin in black Zimbabwean breast cancer patients
Authors: Nyangwara Vincent Aketch , Mazhindu Tinashe , Chikwambi Zedias , Masimirembwa Collen , Campbell Thomas B. , Borok Margaret , Ndlovu Ntokozo
Published: January 2023

Aims

Doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) is a significant cause of mortality in cancer care. This study was conducted to establish the frequency of DIC in Zimbabwean breast cancer patients on doxorubicin and to test the DIC predictive power of genetic biomarkers.

Methods

A cohort of 50 Zimbabwean breast cancer patients treated with doxorubicin were followed up for 12 months with serial echocardiography and genotyped for UGTA1A6*4, SLC28A3 and RARG. Eleven per cent of the patients experienced DIC.

Results

The frequencies of SLC28A3 (rs7853758), UGT1A6*4 (rs17863783) and RARG (rs2229774) were 60.7%, 17.9% and 14.3%, respectively. No association between DIC and the three variants was observed.

Conclusions

This is the first study on the prevalence of DIC and associated genetic biomarker predictive evaluation in Zimbabwean breast cancer patients. The genetic frequencies observed in our study were different to those reported in other populations. A larger sample size with a longer follow‐up time will be necessary in future studies.
Dopamine agonists for the treatment of pituitary tumours: From ergot extracts to next generation therapies
Authors: Wexler Tamara L. , Page‐Wilson Gabrielle
Published: January 2023

Dopamine agonists are a key tool in the therapeutic arsenal of endocrinologists worldwide. They exert their effects by binding to dopamine‐2 (D2) receptors expressed by pituitary tumour cells to modulate hormonal secretion and tumour size. They are the established first‐line treatment for prolactinomas which express high levels of D2 receptors. Growing data support their use as an adjuvant treatment option for other pituitary tumours including growth hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormones, thyroid hormone secreting adenomas and nonfunctional pituitary tumours, all of which have been shown to express D2 receptors as well, albeit to varying extents. For those pituitary tumours inadequately treated by dopamine agonist alone, combined agonism of D2 and somatostatin receptors represent a new frontier in clinical development. Here we review the development and role of dopamine agonist for the treatment of prolactinomas, the literature supporting their adjuvant use for the treatment of all other pituitary tumours, and recent progress in the development of the next generation of chimeric compounds that target D2 and other receptor subtypes highly expressed on pituitary tumour cells.
Not revenge, but change is sweet: Experimental evidence of how offender change and punishment play independent roles in victims' sense of justice
Authors: Hechler Stefanie , Funk Friederike , Kessler Thomas
Published: January 2023

What positive effects do victims gain by punishing their offenders? Previous research suggests that punishment increases victims' justice‐related satisfaction only when the offender indicates that they changed their moral attitude and behaviour. However, offender change may increase justice‐related satisfaction independently of punishment. So far, it is empirically unclear whether punishment affects satisfaction beyond offender change (e.g. by producing the change), and whether punishment has positive effects on victims that are independent of offender change, specifically how it empowers victims. In two studies, we use a full experimental design to test the unique influence of punishment and offender change on victims' justice‐related satisfaction and empowerment. In a third study, we extend the design and additionally test for the effects of assigned versus self‐selected punishment. Across three studies (N = 824) with different methodological approaches, we consistently found that offender change alone increased victims' justice‐related satisfaction—and this effect was not moderated by punishment. Study 2, but not Study 3, showed that punishment alone empowered victim—and this effect was not moderated by offender change. This indicates that offender change and punishment have independent roles in producing positive effects on victims. Overall, it was offender change and not punishment that made victims feel that justice has been done.
Aurantiamide suppresses the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome to improve the cognitive function and central inflammation in mice with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Shen Heping , Pei Hongyan , Zhai Liping , Guan Qiaobing , Wang Genghuan
Published: January 2023

Aim

This study was aimed at exploring the mechanism by which aurantiamide (Aur) targeted NLRP3 to suppress microglial cell polarization.

Methods

The 7‐month‐old APP/PS1 mice and C57BL/6 mice were applied to be the study objects, and Aur was administered intragastrically to APP/PS1 mice at 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg. The changes in the neurocognitive function of mice were measured by Morris Water Maze (MWM) test. In the in vitro experiments, the mouse BV2 cells were employed as the study objects, which were subject to treatment with 10 μM and 20 μM Aur and induced with LPS and IFN‐γ in order to activate BV2 cells and induce their M1 polarization.

Results

Aur was found to suppress the M1 polarization of mouse microglia, reduce central neuroinflammation, and improve the cognitive function in mice. Meanwhile, Aur suppressed the activation and the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome. The results of experiments in vitro demonstrated that Aur inhibited the activation and M1 polarization of BV2 cells.

Conclusion

Aur targets NLRP3 and suppresses the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.
Systematic review of the association between intrasynovial corticosteroid use and laminitis—What is the evidence?
Authors: Tokawa Paula Keiko Anadão , Baccarin Raquel Yvonne Arantes , Zanotto Gustavo
Published: January 2023

Anecdotal information has linked the clinical administration of intrasynovial corticosteroids with the development of laminitis in horses. This systematic review aims to compile and evaluate the level of current evidence from published works investigating this issue. A systematic search in PubMed, CAB Direct and Web of Science databases was conducted in February 2022. Studies were included if designed as experimental in vivo in horses, case series, observational cohorts (retrospective or prospective—with/without control group) or randomised clinical trials. A total of 237 studies were generated from the systematic search and after applying inclusion criteria, four were selected: two were designed as retrospective cohort studies, one included a retrospective and a prospective investigation, and the last one was a case series. Studies usually had a high risk of bias, and some also presented weaknesses such as a lack of controls or insufficient information (corticosteroid dose and treatment/follow‐up period). Reported incidence of laminitis following corticosteroid intrasynovial application was low, similar to controls, when these were included. The small number of articles that fitted the inclusion criteria of this systematic review highlights the lack of high‐quality evidence to draw conclusions. Current scientific information, mainly at a high risk of bias, suggests that there is no association between intrasynovial corticosteroid injection and laminitis in horses without concurrent risk factors.
The c‐di‐AMP‐binding protein CbpB modulates the level of ppGpp alarmone in Streptococcus agalactiae
Authors: Covaleda‐Cortés Giovanni , Mechaly Ariel , Brissac Terry , Baehre Heike , Devaux Laura , England Patrick , Raynal Bertrand , Hoos Sylviane , Gominet Myriam , Firon Arnaud , Trieu‐Cuot Patrick , Kaminski Pierre Alexandre
Published: January 2023

Cyclic di‐AMP is an essential signalling molecule in Gram‐positive bacteria. This second messenger regulates the osmotic pressure of the cell by interacting directly with the regulatory domains, either RCK_C or CBS domains, of several potassium and osmolyte uptake membrane protein systems. Cyclic di‐AMP also targets stand‐alone CBS domain proteins such as DarB in Bacillus subtilis and CbpB in Listeria monocytogenes. We show here that the CbpB protein of Group B Streptococcus binds c‐di‐AMP with a very high affinity. Crystal structures of CbpB reveal the determinants of binding specificity and significant conformational changes occurring upon c‐di‐AMP binding. Deletion of the cbpB gene alters bacterial growth in low potassium conditions most likely due to a decrease in the amount of ppGpp caused by a loss of interaction between CbpB and Rel, the GTP/GDP pyrophosphokinase.
High aquatic macrophyte diversity in Norwegian lakes north of the Arctic Circle
Authors: Mjelde Marit , Thrane Jan‐Erik , Demars Benoît O. L.
Published: January 2023

Aquatic macrophytes recolonised inland waters following the last glacial retreat. The resulting diversity and the variables influencing it remain largely unexplored north of the Arctic Circle, including possible effects of past colonisation routes. Our understanding of species diversity north of the Arctic Circle has also been hampered by a lack of control in sampling effort.

Here we use a newly assembled set of lake surveys from Norway to test: (1) whether regional richness (γ diversity) as well as turnover, net gain and loss (β diversity) of species differ between bioclimatic zones, latitudinal bands, and geographical regions; (2) how the environment and the spatial structure (e.g. dispersal constraints) may predict lake species richness (α diversity); and (3) how the changes in species β diversity between lakes are related to these environmental and spatial gradients.

We expected high species turnover with longitude, net species loss with latitude and higher species richness in north‐east compared to mid Norway due to geographical dispersal barriers and past recolonisation routes. However, the regional species richness was similar across all geographical regions after correcting for sampling effort and spatial extent, with slightly lower richness in north Norway (−4%) and north‐east Norway (−11%) than expected by the species area relationship. Species β diversity (both turnover and loss) was also surprisingly low between most areas.

Species richness per lake increased with lake area and temperature, showed a preferential peak at 10 μg/L total phosphorus, was sensitive to spatial structure, and largely indifferent to calcium (or alkalinity). In contrast, β diversity (mostly turnover) increased with differences in calcium, total phosphorus, and latitude, while not responding much to temperature and lake area. Species loss and gain between lakes were hardly related to any of the selected variables.

Overall, species richness (α, γ) was higher than expected north of the Arctic Circle mostly due to species turnover with little net loss. These patterns suggested good dispersal abilities by aquatic plants, after controlling for sampling efforts and spatial extent. Conservation of aquatic plants should not be driven by the delineation of terrestrial vegetation zones, but through an understanding of the variables affecting aquatic plant diversity. Finally, northern lakes may be increasingly important as reservoirs of macrophyte diversity under global warming.
Latitudinal patterns of forest ecosystem stability across spatial scales as affected by biodiversity and environmental heterogeneity
Authors: Qiao Xuetao , Lamy Thomas , Wang Shaopeng , Hautier Yann , Geng Yan , White Hannah J. , Zhang Naili , Zhang Zhonghui , Zhang Chunyu , Zhao Xiuhai , von Gadow Klaus
Published: January 2023

Our planet is facing a variety of serious threats from climate change that are unfolding unevenly across the globe. Uncovering the spatial patterns of ecosystem stability is important for predicting the responses of ecological processes and biodiversity patterns to climate change. However, the understanding of the latitudinal pattern of ecosystem stability across scales and of the underlying ecological drivers is still very limited. Accordingly, this study examines the latitudinal patterns of ecosystem stability at the local and regional spatial scale using a natural assembly of forest metacommunities that are distributed over a large temperate forest region, considering a range of potential environmental drivers. We found that the stability of regional communities (regional stability) and asynchronous dynamics among local communities (spatial asynchrony) both decreased with increasing latitude, whereas the stability of local communities (local stability) did not. We tested a series of hypotheses that potentially drive the spatial patterns of ecosystem stability, and found that although the ecological drivers of biodiversity, climatic history, resource conditions, climatic stability, and environmental heterogeneity varied with latitude, latitudinal patterns of ecosystem stability at multiple scales were affected by biodiversity and environmental heterogeneity. In particular, α diversity is positively associated with local stability, while β diversity is positively associated with spatial asynchrony, although both relationships are weak. Our study provides the first evidence that latitudinal patterns of the temporal stability of naturally assembled forest metacommunities across scales are driven by biodiversity and environmental heterogeneity. Our findings suggest that the preservation of plant biodiversity within and between forest communities and the maintenance of heterogeneous landscapes can be crucial to buffer forest ecosystems at higher latitudes from the faster and more intense negative impacts of climate change in the future.
Debating Latin America's Cold War: A vision from the south
Authors: Ioris Rafael R. , Pettina Vanni
Published: January 2023

The historiography on Latin America's Cold War has grown significantly in the last few years. But though the field has expanded in ways that include new perspectives, much could be gained by engaging more closely with voices from the South or works produced by scholars based in Latin America. Similarly, more nuanced analytical framings that pay closer attention to post‐World War II development, particularly in South America, would also enrich our understanding of the complex and multidimensional experiences of the Cold War in the region. We demonstrate this point by examining the works of rising Latin American scholars working on the hemispheric and international dimensions of the Latin America's Cold War, showing that this literature needs to be integrated into existing accounts.
Salivary fluoride bioavailability after use of high‐fluoride dentifrices with different compositions: A short‐term randomized clinical trial
Authors: Macena Niciane Soares , Santana Guilherme Bandeira , Carvalho Guereth Alexsanderson Oliveira , Vale Glauber Campos
Published: January 2023

Objective

The objective of the study was to evaluate the kinetics of salivary F bioavailability after the use of high‐fluoride dentifrices with different compositions and their amount of total soluble fluoride (TSF).

Methods

A short‐term clinical randomized trial was performed in which 15 adult participants were randomly allocated into three groups: 5000 ppm F‐dentifrice, 5000 ppm F‐dentifrice + TCP (tri‐calcium phosphate) and 1450 ppm F‐dentifrice. Unstimulated saliva was collected at different times: baseline (before toothbrushing), immediately after brushing/water rinsing and at 5, 15 and 30 min and 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 h after brushing. The TSF in dentifrices and saliva samples was analysed using an ion‐specific electrode. For statistical analysis, the paired t‐test and Kruskal–Wallis were used with Dunn's post‐test with a 95% confidence interval.

Results

There was no significant difference between the declared TSF and that found in 5000 ppm F‐dentifrice and 1450 ppm F‐dentifrice (p ≥ 0.13); however, in the 5000 ppm F‐dentifrice + TCP, approximately 500 ppm less TSF was observed (p = 0.0024). The area under the curve (AUC, μg F/ml min−1) of both high‐fluoride dentifrices (321.7 ± 84.0 and 223.6 ± 55.1 for the one without and with TCP, respectively) was higher than the conventional one (89.97 ± 15.6) attesting a higher F‐bioavailability (p = 0.04). Furthermore, they were able to provide F‐salivary levels higher than the baseline for up to 2 h, while this time was 1 h for the 1450 ppm F‐dentifrice (p ≤ 0.003).

Conclusion

Both high‐fluoride dentifrices similarly increased the salivary‐F bioavailability in comparison with 1450 ppm F‐dentifrice, despite the lower TSF presented by the dentifrice containing TCP.
Effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on oral health of Korean adolescents
Authors: Jung Eun‐Ha , Min Ji‐Hyun
Published: January 2023

Objectives

To investigate the effect of the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic on Korean adolescents' oral health and identify the influential factors.

Methods

The raw data from The Korea Youth Risk Behaviour Web‐based Survey before (2019) and after (2020) the outbreak of COVID‐19 were used in the study. Demographic characteristics and subjective general, mental, and oral health were analysed and compared between the 2 years. Further, the impact of changes in subjective mental health and the duration of indoor activity on oral health were analysed. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics, and all statistical significance was set at α = 0.05. The analysis was performed using the complex sample analysis module.

Results

In 2020, compared with 2019, the proportion of adolescents who rated high on subjective academic performance, smoking, and drinking decreased (p < 0.001). However, there was no difference in the household economic status between 2020 and 2019 (p = 0.917), while subjective mental health improved. In addition, the risk of tooth fracture was 1.321 times higher after the pandemic. After the outbreak of COVID‐19, adolescents who were indoors for >24 h for non‐learning activities on weekends were 2.97 times more likely to have reported gingival pain and bleeding (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

After the outbreak of COVID‐19, smoking and drinking decreased in Korean adolescents, while changes occurred in their learning patterns at home, and their mental health improved. Some oral symptoms increased or showed no change.
Experiences of racism and perinatal depression: Findings from the pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system, 2018
Authors: Bower Kelly M. , Geller Ruth J. , Jeffers Noelene , McDonald Maria , Alhusen Jeanne
Published: January 2023

Aim

To estimate the association between feeling upset by experiences of racism and self‐reported depression during pregnancy among non‐Hispanic Black women using a large population‐based sample from the United States.

Design

We conducted a secondary analysis of nationally representative cross‐sectional survey data with retrospective measures.

Methods

Analysis of Phase 8 (2018) data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System survey included 7328 non‐Hispanic Black respondents with a recent live birth from 11 states and New York City. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between self‐report of feeling upset due to experience of racism during the year prior to delivery and self‐reported depression during pregnancy, controlling for potential confounders.

Results

The prevalence of feeling upset due to experiences of racism was 11.4% and the prevalence of depression during pregnancy was 11.4%. Respondents who reported feeling upset due to the experience of racism had over two‐fold higher odds (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.67, 3.37) of experiencing depression during pregnancy compared to respondents who did not report feeling upset due to the experience of racism, adjusted for maternal age, educational attainment, marital status, pre‐pregnancy insurance type, region, and pre‐pregnancy depression.

Conclusion

Respondents who felt upset due to the experience of racism in the year prior to delivery experienced significantly higher odds of depression during pregnancy, and thus are at an increased risk for adverse maternal outcomes.

Impact

Stress from racism and racial discrimination during the perinatal period may contribute to maternal morbidity, including perinatal depression, among Black women.

No Patient or Public Contribution

The data in this study were collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. To our knowledge, the conduct of the study did not include patient or public contribution. Neither did the analysis, interpretation, nor manuscript preparation include patient or public contribution because we did not have funding to support the study or their involvement.
Marginal and internal fit of five‐unit zirconia‐based fixed dental prostheses fabricated with digital scans and conventional impressions: A comparative in vitro study
Authors: Bandiaky Octave Nadile , Clouet Roselyne , Le Bars Pierre , Soueidan Assem , Le Guehennec Laurent
Published: January 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to compare the marginal and internal fit of five‐unit zirconia‐based fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) fabricated using digital scans and conventional impressions.

Materials and methods

Nine master models with three zirconia abutments were scanned with an intraoral scanner (test group), and nine conventional impressions (control group) of these same models were also made. The stone casts from these impressions were scanned with a laboratory extraoral scanner (D700, 3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark). A total of 18 five‐unit zirconia‐based FDP frameworks (test group, n = 9; control group, n = 9) were manufactured. Marginal and internal fit (in μm) were evaluated using the replica method under micro‐computed tomography. Analysis of variance (one‐way ANOVA) and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to compare continuous variables across two groups. A level of p < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant.

Results

The mean ± standard deviation of the marginal fit was 95.03 ± 12.74 μm in the test group and 106.02 ± 14.51 μm in the control group. The lowest marginal mean value was observed in the test group, with a statistically significant difference compared to the control group (F = 14.56, p < 0.05). The mean ± standard deviation of the internal fit was 103.61 ± 9.32 and 106.38 ± 7.64 μm, respectively, in the test and control groups, with no statistically significant difference (F = 1.56, p > 0.05). The mean values of both groups were clinically acceptable.

Conclusions

The five‐unit zirconia‐based FDPs fabricated with digital scans showed better fit than those in the conventional impression group. Within the limitations of this study, these results are encouraging, and continued progress in the digital field should allow for more accurate long‐span restorations.
Factors affecting flexural strength of 3D‐printed resins: A systematic review
Authors: Gad Mohammed M. , Fouda Shaimaa M.
Published: January 2023

Purpose

The strength of 3D‐printed resins is affected by different factors, but review articles clarifying these factors are limited. This review lists the factors affecting the strength of 3D‐printed resins and the possible correlations between them to answer the study question: What are the factors affecting the flexural strength of 3D‐printed resins?

Methods

A database search (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus) was performed, limited to English‐language publications between 2010 and February 1, 2022. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used for study selection. The modified Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist was used to determine the risk of bias of the included studies in this review. The data analysis was descriptive due to the presence of many variables in the included studies.

Results

Out of 123 studies, 26 were reviewed for full‐text analysis, and 19 met the inclusion criteria and were thus included in this systematic review. The included studies were divided according to the investigated resin: 5 studies tested provisional restorations, seven tested denture base resins, 2 tested occlusal devices, 3 tested orthodontic appliances, 1 tested denture teeth, and 1 tested surgical guide resins. These studies investigated the flexural strength of 3D‐printed resins, with different factors, such as reinforcement with fillers or nanofillers; printing orientation, angulation, and directions; post‐polymerization time and temperature; third‐party printing (switching between printers and materials); printing layer thickness; and post‐printing rinsing time. Most factors significantly affected the flexural strength of 3D‐printed resin.

Conclusions

The strength of 3D‐printed resins could be improved with one or more of the following factors: filler or nanofiller addition; printing orientation, angulation, or directions; printing layer thickness; and post‐polymerization time and temperature. However, further studies combining these factors are recommended.