bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sejarah Konsep Matematika dalam Peradaban Islam dan Implementasinya dalam Kehidupan
Authors: Ruhiat Devina Juniar , Puspitarani Mayra , Salma Syakurah , Fajrussalam Hisny
Published: February 2023

Knowledges in Islam has progressed from the past until now. In Islam, knowledges has a solid foundation through the Qur'an and Sunnah, sourced from the physical and metaphysical realms. Knowledge also includes not only worldly but also related to the problems of the hereafter. The purpose of this study is to explain the disciplines of mathematics in Islam and how mathematics is applied in Islam. This research method is a literature study based on theory or journal studies. The results of the research here can be concluded that Mathematics has existed and has been useful since the Hijri era. One of them is useful in calculating for inheritance, calculating zakat fitrah, and other things that are still useful from the past until now.
Standar Kompetensi Lulusan dan Kompetensi Inti pada Kurikulum 2013 di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Suradi Ahmad , Andrea Cecen , Anita Putri Surya , Putri Indira Agleo , Fitriani Depi , Sari Intan Wulan
Published: February 2023

Graduate competency standards have a fundamental role in regulating the curriculum each year, graduate competency is calculated from the thinking capacity and expertise of each student which aims to evaluate their affective and psychomotor abilities. These graduate competency standards are known in the school environment as a curriculum. The curriculum is a component that must be lived by each student, if the student cannot complete every curriculum in his school, the child cannot be declared graduated. Madrasah Ibtidaiyah core competencies are skill levels in achieving graduate competency standards that must be possessed by SD/MI students at each grade level. These competencies are made for certain classes, through these core competencies, cross-coordination in the initial competencies in the learning of each class can be monitored. The target of the 2013 curriculum is stated in the graduate competency standards. Meanwhile, the targets of the 2013 curriculum are listed in the content standards as a cluster of graduate competency standards, which consist of basic competencies and core competencies.
МІЖНАРОДНИЙ ДОСВІД ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ПІДТРИМКИ САМОТНІХ МАТЕРІВ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО ЧАСУ
Authors:   Вінницький державний педагогічний університет ім. М. Коцюбинського, Саранча Ірина , Парнева Наталія ,   Вінницький державний педагогічний університет ім. М. Коцюбинського, Глухманюк Олег ,   Вінницький державний педагогічний університет ім. М. Коцюбинського
Published: February 2023

В статті розглянуто основні міжнародні стратегії, які переважають у політиці соціальної підтримки одиноких матерів. Приділено увагу основним напрямам здійснення соціальної політики щодо неповних сімей в Америці. Висвітлено типи соціальної політики, спрямовані на протидію ризикам бідності, з якими стикаються одинокі матері. А також вивчено практичні аспекти соціальної роботи з одинокими матерями в Австрії, Естонії, Ірландії, Італії, Португалії, Франції, Хорватії тощо.
ПРИНЦИПИ, МЕТОДОЛОГІЇ ТА МЕТОДИ ФОРМУВАННЯ КОНКУРЕНТНОСТІ ПРОДУКЦІЇ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА
Authors:   Вінницький соціально-економічний інститут університету «Україна», Балахонова Олеся , Фалейтор Анжеліка ,   Вінницький соціально-економічний інститут університету «Україна»
Published: February 2023

У статті розглянуто принципи, методології та методи за допомогою яких забезпечується конкурентність продукції підприємства. Наведено основні методи конкурентної боротьби, а саме: поліпшення якості і послуг, швидке оновлення асортименту продукції, покращення дизайну, надання гарантій та після продажних послуг, тимчасове зниження цін, більш зручні умови оплати. Досліджено методи боротьби: цінові, нецінові, чесні або нечесні. Виокремлено головні причини через які виникає конкуренція.
ФІНАНСОВА ГРАМОТНІСТЬ, ПРОФОРІЄНТАЦІЯ, ФАХОВА ЕКОНОМІЧНА ОСВІТА ШЛЯХ ДО ЄВРОІНТЕГРАЦІЇ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА УКРАЇНИ
Authors:   Державний податковий університет, Рябініна Наталія
Published: February 2023

Українське суспільство гідно найкращого життя та перспективного майбутнього, яке бачиться разом з європейською сім’єю, із своїми високо-розвинутими стандартами та чіткими механізмами. Одним із ключових правил розвинутих країн є педантичне і раціональне відношення використання грошей. Фінансова обізнаність кожної людини стає основою ухвалення усвідомлено-відповідального рішення в економічних питаннях, відчуття захищеності та довіри спрямовані на надійний пласт особистого фінансового добробуту, на фінансову незалежність впродовж всього економічного шляху, формування кризової подушки безпеки принесе суспільству стабільність та злагоду у майбутньому. Чим раніше молоде покоління стикнеться з фінансовою грамотністю, понуриться в особливості економічної науки, тим скоріше прийде до життєвої фінансової цілі. Підприємці України є рушійною силою економічної складової нашої країни, які намагається, в реаліях, в складних умовах, тримати руку на пульсі сучасності і передавати вагомий науковий та практичний скарб новому економіко-технологічному поколінню. В нашій країні, починаючи з школи, закінчуючи вищими навчальними закладами освіти, залучуючи підприємців-практиків і їх неоціненний досвід, поширюючи профорієнтацію, зосереджені зусилля до позитивного щеплення європейських цінностей у фінансовій сфері, що дасть змогу відкрити нову сторінку нашої історії.
PARADIGMA PENDIDIKAN GEOGRAFI DAN TANTANGAN GLOBAL PADA MASA KINI
Authors: Retno Sari Titin
Published: February 2023

Kelas geografi harus menyadari semua dimensi dan masalah ruang. Karena di lingkungan sekolah dan rumah, siswa terbiasa mengatur, menggunakan dan mencintai ruang di sekitar mereka. Namun, dengan kemajuan zaman yang ditandai dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi (iptek), sikap masyarakat terhadap alam dan lingkungan juga berubah. Sebaliknya, tugas pendidikan geografi adalah untuk melengkapi dan membuat peka ruang dalam konteks kehidupan budaya global. Pada saat yang sama, pelajaran geografi memberikan penyediaan ruang dan kesadaran  dalam konteks budaya nasional dan daerah. Dengan demikian, siswa yang masih mampu berpikir dan berpikir global, berbangsa, dan bertindak dalam konteks lokal dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, patut disambut, diapresiasi, dan dimutakhirkan dalam konteks kehidupan  nasional dan budaya lokal  Indonesia
PENGGUNAAN DAN PEMAKNAAN BAHASA INDONESIA PADA ERA GLOBALISASI
Authors: Rahayu Wahyuni
Published: February 2023

Dalam era globalasisasi saat ini bahasa merupakan aspek utama untuk menunjang sebuah komunikasi antarnegara. Melalui bahasa kerjasama dan program-program dapat terlaksana dengan baik. antarnegara juga dapat bertukar pikiran mengenai ilmu pengetahuan, sosial budaya, ekonomi dan lain sebagainya bila saling mengerti bahasa masing-masing. Untuk mengatasi perbedaan bahasa maka diadakan Bahasa Internasional yang disetujui oleh semua pihak, bahasa tersebut ialah Bahasa Inggris. Penggunaan Bahasa Inggris di Indonesia tentunya mempengaruhi kaidah maupun kosakata Bahasa Indonesia. Tidak dapat dipungkiri bila kosakata Bahasa Inggris banyak digunakan dalam ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Dalam bidang ekonomi dan sosial budaya juga sudah dimasuki Bahasa Inggris. Untuk itu keeksistensian Bahasa Indonesia harus dijaga agar tidak termakan keganasan globalisasi, bahkan bisa menjadi salah satu bahasa internasional di kemudian hari nanti.
Implementasi Pencegahan dan Penangulangan Covid 19 ‎dalam Rangka Peningkatan Ketahanan Pangan Masyarakat ‎Ngagel Baru Surabaya ‎
Authors: Fauzie Senoaji  , Novita Dina
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to assess food security in the Ngagel Baru  sub-district, Surabaya in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic, because the problem of food security was apparently not only stopped at the problem of distribution but rather how food security could be met properly due to the decline in income of some people. due to termination of employment or loss of income because there are no consumers who buy or use the services of producers. This study also aims to find out how to overcome food security through various community service activities, because food is a basic need of every human being. The results of this study indicate that the lock down activity significantly affects the income level of the Ngagel Baru village community which can threaten food security in the current pandemic era. In this community service activity, the community feels helped through the knowledge and skills they have acquired so that they can increase their economic capacity either individually or in community groups in order to increase food security to become a prosperous society.
School Music Festivals and the Rights of Children: The Case of Uganda
Authors: Kigozi Benon
Published: February 2023

In order to make up for the social effects caused by many years of under-development as a result of dictatorship, ethnic conflict and civil wars, the current government of Uganda decided to promote national unity and national pride through primary school music festivals as part of reforms in the education sector. The government, through the Ministry of Education and Sports (MoES) sponsored music competitions amongst schools whose objective is described by the mutual process of socialization and educating the masses about children rights and the country’s constitution. With a total of 198 participants (n=198), including music teachers (n=60), students (n=80), parents (n=40), and administrators (n=18), this research examines the role of school music festivals in fostering awareness and advocacy for children’s rights. It illustrates how music festivals accord children the opportunity to participate in social change and in developing a new culture nationally by introducing a development discourse nationally. Ethnographic research design was applied, combining both qualitative and quantitative research methods constituting a wide array of observations over a period of time. Interviews and questionnaires were used to ascertain how music festivals create a culture of constitutionalism, raising children rights awareness, and advocacy. In addition to the searched literature, the researcher’s personal experiences as participant observer and his interaction with stake holders offer insight and understanding of how music festivals allow children to use the performance stage as space to evaluate inconsistencies associated with claiming their rights.
A One-Day Training Workshop has the Ability to Motivate Teachers and Bring about Real Change in Teaching Practice: A Case Study
Authors: Zenda Nel
Published: February 2023

In this article the researcher sought to find out if a single, short continuing professional development music workshop could cause any change in the classroom and what effect it would have on the professional and personal development of the attendees. The article focused on a case study that described the emotional, social, intellectual and spiritual impact that a training workshop for black musically untrained pre-school teachers had on a pre-school teacher from an Informal Settlement in Germiston, East Rand of Johannesburg. Observation at her pre-school site and an in-depth interview revealed the meaning, importance and function the music training had for her. The findings showed that the music training provided this teacher with ways of understanding, developed her music skills and developed her self-esteem. The study highlights how the methodology that was used to expose a pre-school teacher who have never been exposed to Western classical music before changed her attitude towards this specific music style, developed her creativity and motivated her to such an extent that she felt competent and confident to teach Western classical music. The results of the evaluation suggest that a short-duration, well- structured music education workshop based on practical and interactive teaching ideas, presented to teachers with no previous experience of Western classical music can impact their learning positively in the long run. The research found that short induction sessions by experienced presenters, can change teachers’ attitudes towards Western classical music and motivate them in a positive way and also uplift their personal development in the process.
Prevalence of frailty syndrome and its predictors in the population of people with intellectual disability compared to the general population: a systematic review
Authors: Celebańska Diana , Gaweł Eliza , Kornatovská Zuzana , Rosołek Barabara , Zwierzchowska Anna
Published: February 2023

The aim of the systematic review was to evaluate the prevalence of the frailty syndrome (FS) and to identify its predictors in people with intellectual (ID) and developmental (DD) disabilities. It was assumed that in people with ID in adulthood period and early elderly period (20-60 years old) the ageing process (lower mobility in joints, frequent falls, the incidence of the coexist diseases and disability) occurs earlier and more frequent than in general population.  The methodology of this systematic review was planned according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A search of electronic databases (PubMed, EBSCO, MEDLINE) was conducted to identify all studies on the incidence of the FS in people with intellectual disabilities from 2010 to 2022 based on the physical and functional status. In contrary to the general population, the assessment of the prevalence of FS among people with ID and DD was performed mostly with multivariant model. Age, gender, coexist diseases, mobility impairment in everyday life activities and Down syndrome were identified as the most frequent predictors of FS among the studied populations. In conclusion, the prevalence of FS among people with ID was diverse (9-27%) and included the following variables: coexisting diseases, coupled disability, intelligence quotient, everyday life activities, dwelling place. Moreover FS was found to occur significantly earlier (from 10 to 25 years) than in general population. Future studies should include the assessment of FS based on both phenotype and multivariant models.
Application of Point of Care Ultrasound in the Removal of Non-Palpable Nexplanon in a Teaching Community Health Center
Authors: Yomi Timiiye , Marquez Verna , Wonderly Sally , Sharma Rupam
Published: February 2023

Background
Nexplanon is a reversible non-biodegradable progestin-only long-acting hormonal contraceptive subdermal implant removed after three years. Superficial palpable implants are easy to remove in the outpatient setting. However, deep non-palpable implants are traditionally referred to surgery for elective removal. In the wake of Covid-19, emergency cases were prioritized, leaving patients with non-palpable implants unattended. Herein described are five cases of reproductive-age women who presented at our community health center with non-palpable implants.

Purpose
To show that non-palpable implants can be successfully and safely removed in a teaching community health center under ultrasound localization, guidance, and the direct supervision of an experienced healthcare provider without needing specialty referral.

Method
We performed a retrospective study by reviewing the charts of all patients who presented at our clinic for Nexplanon® removal from September – October 2021. Data was gathered from our electronic medical records system of patients database. Twenty-nine women were identified; twenty-four had palpable implants and five non-palpable implants. Using a high-frequency linear ultrasound probe to localize non-palpable implants, a 3–5 mm incision was made, and implants were removed successfully under local anesthesia and the direct supervision of an experienced provider. All implants were at depths of 0.22 to 0.56 cm from the surface, and their relationship to fascia, muscle, and vascular structures was assessed before removal. The sterile technique was observed throughout the procedure, and the site of removal was secured with steri strips and wrapped with a bandage for 24 hours to secure hemostasis. No sutures were needed post-removal, and all patients tolerated the procedure well, with minimal bleeding.

Results
Twenty-four patients (82.7%) had palpable implants successfully removed by manual palpation. Five patients (17.3%) had non-palpable implants removed successfully under ultrasound localization and guidance in our clinic with no complications. Four non-palpable implants were located above the fascia, and one was localized in the fascia within the subcutaneous layer. Patients were discharged in stable conditions with no need for follow-up.

Conclusion
Our study has shown that non-palpable Nexplanon® implants can be successfully removed under ultrasound localization and guidance in a teaching community health center under the direct supervision of an experienced healthcare provider without the need for specialty referral. It is fast, safe, practical, and cost-effective, provides accessibility and availability of expertise without heavy cost bearing to the patient, and increases overall patient satisfaction.
Review of the iron recovery processes from laden leach liquors in hydrometallurgy
Authors:   University of Mining and Geology “St. Ivan Rilski”, Georgiev Plamen , Ivanova Maria-Filipa ,   University of Mining and Geology “St. Ivan Rilski”,, Nicolova Marina ,   University of Mining and Geology “St. Ivan Rilski”,, Spasova Irena ,   University of Mining and Geology “St. Ivan Rilski”,, Groudev Stoyan ,   University of Mining and Geology “St. Ivan Rilski”,
Published: February 2023

Iron is usually present in higher concentrations in the laden solutions and its removal and elimination to a stable phase is a severe problem in hydrometallurgy. This article analyses and compares the processes of solvent extraction and ion exchange as methods for the iron separation and concentration in a sufficient amount, which would enhance its further removal to products with potential for application to other industries. The factors affecting the goethite, hematite and magnetite processes and the area of use of the produced iron oxides are reviewed.
Professional competence of experts in psychosocial work
Authors: Macanović Nebojša , Petrović Jagoda , Dragojević Arsen
Published: February 2023

The professional competence of experts in helping professions was investigated in centers for social work, Republika Srpska. Using a questionnaire, 100 experts from the fields of psychology, pedagogy and social work were questioned. Their communication skills, mediation skills, teamwork skills and the ability to empathize were investigated, as well as the connection between the level of professional competences and the level of education, age and length of professional experience. The results showed that experts in helping professions have a high level of professional competence for psychosocial work. Experts of older age and longer working experience have a lower level of competence, while the level of education does not affect their professional competence. Supervision is recommended as an efficient way to prevent professional burnout, but also to develop personal and professional competencies.
Brussels I regulation: Recognition and enforcement of foreign court decisions in civil and commercial matters
Authors: Stanković Vladan , Opačić Ana
Published: February 2023

The process of integration of European countries began with the formation of the Coal and Steel Community and as a historical category in a certain domain continues. This decades-long integration has been carried out in phases and in certain segments, and this very way of integration has resulted in these areas not consistently following the basic principles on which the EU is based. The self-proclaimed goal of European integration, its maintenance and development as areas of freedom, security and justice, necessarily required, among other things, instruments and measures related to judicial cooperation in civil and commercial matters, which would ensure the smooth functioning of the EU internal market. The rules of Brussels and regulations establish a single system of recognition and enforcement of foreign court decisions, overcoming the differences that exist in the national systems of member states, and unified rules on simplification of procedures for faster and simpler recognition and enforcement of such decisions. The authors below present the achieved level of unification of these rules from the aspect of functionality, primarily the time needed to execute a foreign decision, reduction of formalities, certainty of outcome and impossibility of conducting a parallel procedure, as the primary goal of Brussels I regulation.
Una mirada matemática a los relatos
Authors: Carrillo Gallego Dolores , Dólera Almaida Josefa , Ibáñez López Francisco Javier , Saa Rojo María Dolores
Published: February 2023

El libro pretende ayudar al profesorado de Educación Infantil (EI) a planificar actividades de aprendizaje matemático funcionales, mostrando cómo crear en el aula la necesidad de saber, de buscar, de mirar y de trabajar, en este caso, desde los relatos. Y se hace desde el ámbito de la Teoría de las Situaciones Didácticas, formulada por Guy Brousseau (1998), que proporciona un marco para la actividad del profesorado y permite planificar una evolución adecuada y coherente de las actividades de aprendizaje diseñadas. Con esa intención de utilidad para el profesorado, se presentan ejemplos de análisis del contenido matemático de los relatos, así como de actividades que han sido implementadas en aulas de EI y que se han utilizado en la formación matemático-didáctica del profesorado de EI en la Universidad de Murcia. También se han incluido anexos que recogen poemas e imágenes (dibujos, escenarios, viñetas) que se pueden utilizar para actividades relacionadas con cuentos, poemas y canciones.
Effect of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake of Endocrine Organs
Authors: BÜLBÜL Ogün , GÖKSEL Sibel , NAK Demet
Published: February 2023

Objective: The new type of Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) damages cells by using the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) as a receptor to adhere and go through the cell membrane. It is known that some of the endocrine organs express ACE2 and these organs are potential targets for Coronavirus 2019 disease (Covid-19). This study aimed to investigate the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) on Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake of endocrine system organs.

Methods: Sixteen patients who had Covid-19 underwent 18F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) later, 77 patients who did not have Covid-19 underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT between March 2020-October 2021 were analyzed finally. SUVmax and SUVmean of the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal gland, pancreas, and testis measured from the PET/CT of the patients had Covid-19 were compared with SUVmax, and SUVmean measured from the same organs in PET/CT images of the patients who had not Covid-19.

Results: Pancreatic mean SUVmax was significantly higher in patients who had Covid-19 than in patients who did not (p= 0.035). Pancreatic mean SUVmean was slightly higher in patients who had Covid-19 than in patients who did not, but this difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.072). No significant difference was found between the SUVmax and SUVmean values of the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, and testis in patients who had Covid-19 and did not have.

Conclusions: It was thought that the pancreas might have been affected in the course of Covid-19 due to the higher mean SUVmean values of the pancreas in patients who had Covid- 19.
Attaques, parades et contre-attaques : un commentaire linéaire de la postface auctoriale de la seconde édition allemande du Capital (1873)
Authors: Lainé Mathieu J.
Published: February 2023

La seconde édition allemande du Capital paraît en neuf livraisons, entre juillet 1872 et mars 1873. Avec la permission de son éditeur — Otto Meißner —, Marx ajoute alors à l’ouvrage une courte postface dans laquelle il tente de redresser in extremis les mauvaises lectures qui auraient été faites de son livre en Europe de l’Ouest. C’est à ce texte que nous nous intéresserons dans ce commentaire linéaire, en prenant soin de le réinsérer dans le livre qu’il venait originellement renforcer et en tenant délibérément compte de l’accueil que la critique a réservé à la première édition du Capital entre 1867 et 1872.
Screening for Extremophilic Lipase Producing Bacteria: Partial Purification and Characterization of Thermo-Halophilic, Solvent Tolerant Lipase from Bacillus sp.
Authors: Nomwesigwa Cathbert , Noby Nehad , Hammad Sherif , Abdel-Mawgood Ahmed
Published: February 2023

The introduced study aims to isolate potent lipase producing strain from extreme habitats. The aim is extended to characterize the produced enzyme with respect to the effect of salt, temperature, pH and different organic solvents. Tween 80 plate method was used for discriminating lipase producing strains in the isolation step. Lipase activity of the selected isolates was confirmed through Rhodamine B plate assay. The enzyme of the most potent isolate was partially purified using 80% ammonium sulphate, quantified, and characterized using the synthetic substrate, para nitrophenyl laurate (pNP-C12). Twenty-three lipase-producing isolates were screened from different soil samples in Wadi El-Natrun, Egypt. Among the tested strains, a thermo- halo-tolerant bacterial isolate identified as Bacillus sp. was the most potent in terms of lipase production under high temperature and high salt concentration. The enzyme displayed its optimal activity at 60 oC and 2 M NaCl. Moreover, it showed a robust stability in 4M NaCl up to 2 h incubation time. Non-polar solvents have significantly raised the enzyme activity by 300% and 350% for ethyl acetate and n-hexane, respectively. The obtained data introduces useful insights for applying lipases in chemical catalysis and food processing fields.
In-vitro mutagenesis Approaches for Flowering Control in Sugarcane – A Review
Authors: Nagesha N. , Kumar R. Mohan , Venkatesha S. C. , Brian Ssemugenze , Abbas Yusuf , Kanavi M. S. P.
Published: February 2023

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is one of the important commercial crops grown globally as a source of raw material for wide range of sugar and bio-energy industries. Crop being a member of family Poaceae, terminates its growth by flowering (arrowing). The process of flowering is highly complex process and is mediated by temperature, photoperiod, humidity, altitude and latitude besides crop genetic makeup. Though flowering is crucial for crop improvement programmes, uncontrolled flowering under commercial cultivation poses a serious problem for sugarcane farmers and millers with a considerable loss in yield and quality. Therefore, in order to device sugarcane genotype with no flowering habit enormous efforts have been made through various approaches, among them mutagenesis is one such approach wherein propagation materials will be exposed to chemicals or radiation in order to bring desirable traits. This technique looks to be the prominent crop improvement strategy for sugarcane. Hence, in this paper review we brought together the earlier work done in the field of mutation breeding in devising non-flowering sugarcane genotypes and their impacts on commercial sugarcane production.
Streamlining Interstate Access to Gender-Affirming Surgeries
Authors: Rezaei Shawheen J. , Ganor Oren
Published: February 2023

This Viewpoint explains the obstacles faced by individuals seeking gender-affirming care and summarizes needed changes to improve quality of care and access to care.
Finding Answers
Authors: Tolppanen Anna-Maija
Published: February 2023

In this narrative medicine essay, a pharmacoepidemiologist worries that her brother’s lifelong neurological challenges may have been caused by a heritable genetic variant and that she possibly passed it to her young son, who looks uncannily like his uncle.
Antidiscrimination Laws as Essential Tools for Achieving LGBTQ+ Health Equity
Authors: Eschliman Evan L. , Adames Christian N. , Rosen Joanne D.
Published: February 2023

This Viewpoint discusses a pending US Supreme Court case to determine the extent to which people who identify as LGBTQ+ are protected under state antidiscrimination laws in the commercial marketplace.
Time-Limited Trials of Intensive Care Unit Care
Authors: Popovich John J. , Budnick Isadore , Neville Thanh H.
Published: February 2023

This Teachable Moment discusses time-limited trials, “an agreement between clinicians and a patient/family to use certain medical therapies over a defined period to see if the patient improves or deteriorates according to agreed-on clinical outcomes.”
Incidence, Risk, and Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections in Children and Adolescents Between March 2020 and July 2022 in Serbia
Authors: Medić Snežana , Anastassopoulou Cleo , Lozanov-Crvenković Zagorka , Dragnić Nataša , Petrović Vladimir , Ristić Mioljub , Pustahija Tatjana , Tsakris Athanasios , Ioannidis John P. A.
Published: February 2023

Importance

During the COVID-19 pandemic, children and adolescents were massively infected worldwide. In 2022, reinfections became a main feature of the endemic phase of SARS-CoV-2, so it is important to understand the epidemiology and clinical impact of reinfections.

Objective

To assess the incidence, risk, and severity of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 reinfection.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study used epidemiologic data of documented SARS-CoV-2 infections from the surveillance database of the Institute for Public Health of Vojvodina. A total of 32 524 children and adolescents from Vojvodina, Serbia, with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between March 6, 2020, and April 30, 2022, were followed up for reinfection until July 31, 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Incidence rates of documented SARS-CoV-2 reinfection per 1000 person-months, estimated risk of documented reinfection 90 days or more after laboratory confirmation of primary infection, reinfection severity, hospitalizations, and deaths.

Results

The study cohort included 32 524 children and adolescents with COVID-19 (mean [SD] age, 11.2 [4.9] years; 15 953 [49.1%] male), including 964 children (3.0%) who experienced documented reinfection. The incidence rate of documented reinfections was 3.2 (95% CI, 3.0-3.4) cases per 1000 person-months and was highest in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years (3.4; 95% CI, 3.2-3.7). Most reinfections (905 [93.9%]) were recorded in 2022. The cumulative reinfection risk was 1.3% at 6 months, 1.9% at 9 months, 4.0% at 12 months, 6.7% at 15 months, 7.2% at 18 months, and 7.9% after 21 months. Pediatric COVID-19 cases were generally mild. The proportion of severe clinical forms decreased from 14 (1.4%) in initial episodes to 3 (0.3%) in reinfections. Reinfected children were approximately 5 times less likely to have severe disease during reinfection compared with initial infection (McNemar odds ratio, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.0-0.8). Pediatric reinfections rarely led to hospitalization (0.5% vs 1.3% during primary infections), and none resulted in death.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study found that the SARS-CoV-2 reinfection risk remained substantially lower for children and adolescents compared with adults as of July 2022. Pediatric infections were mild, and reinfections were even milder than primary infections.
Views From Both Sides of the White Coat
Authors: Eveloff Scott
Published: February 2023

This essay describes the author’s experience as a physician-parent of a chronically ill child.
Caspase 3‐specific cleavage of MEK1 suppresses ERK signaling and sensitizes cells to stress‐induced apoptosis
Authors: Moriizumi Hisashi , Kubota Yuji , Tsuchiya Tomoyuki , Naka Ryosuke , Takekawa Mutsuhiro
Published: February 2023

Proper regulation of apoptotic cell death is crucial for normal development and homeostasis in multicellular organisms and is achieved by the balance between pro‐apoptotic processes, such as caspase activation, and pro‐survival signaling, such as extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) activation. However, the functional interplay between these opposing signaling pathways remains incompletely understood. Here, we identified MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK) 1, a central component of the ERK pathway, as a specific substrate for the executioner caspase‐3. During apoptosis, MEK1 is cleaved at an evolutionarily conserved Asp282 residue in the kinase domain, thereby losing its catalytic activity. Gene knockout experiments showed that MEK1 cleavage was mediated by caspase‐3, but not by the other executioner caspases, caspase‐6 or ‐7. Following exposure of cells to osmotic stress, elevated ERK activity gradually decreased, and this was accompanied by increased cleavage of MEK1. In contrast, the expression of a caspase‐uncleavable MEK1(D282N) mutant in cells maintained stress‐induced ERK activity and thereby attenuated apoptotic cell death. Thus, caspase‐3‐mediated, proteolytic inhibition of MEK1 sensitizes cells to apoptosis by suppressing pro‐survival ERK signaling. Furthermore, we found that a RASopathy‐associated MEK1(Y130C) mutation prevented this caspase‐3‐mediated proteolytic inactivation of MEK1 and efficiently protected cells from stress‐induced apoptosis. Our data reveal the functional crosstalk between ERK‐mediated cell survival and caspase‐mediated cell death pathways and suggest that its dysregulation by a disease‐associated MEK1 mutation is at least partly involved in the pathophysiology of congenital RASopathies.
Machine Learning Advances in Predicting Peptide/Protein‐Protein Interactions Based on Sequence Information for Lead Peptides Discovery
Authors: Ye Jiahao , Li An , Zheng Hao , Yang Banghua , Lu Yiming
Published: February 2023

Peptides have shown increasing advantages and significant clinical value in drug discovery and development. With the development of high‐throughput technologies and artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML) methods for discovering new lead peptides have been expanded and incorporated into rational drug design. Predictions of peptide–protein interactions (PepPIs) and protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are both opportunities and challenges in computational biology, which will help to better understand the mechanisms of disease and provide the impetus for the discovery of lead peptides. This paper comprehensively reviews computational models for PepPI and PPI predictions. It begins with an introduction of various databases of peptide ligands and target proteins. Then it discusses data formats and feature representations for proteins and peptides. Furthermore, classical ML methods and emerging deep learning (DL) methods that can be used to train prediction models of PepPI and PPI are classified into four categories, and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. To assess the relative performance of different models, different validation protocols and evaluation indexes are discussed. The goal of this review is to help researchers quickly get started to develop computational frameworks using these integrated resources and eventually promote the discovery of lead peptides.
Unveiling Spin State‐Dependent Micropollutant Removal using Single‐Atom Covalent Triazine Framework
Authors: Zhu Chao , Lu Lun , Fang Qile , Song Shuang , Chen Baoliang , Shen Yi
Published: February 2023

Single‐atom materials, with unique electronic structure and maximized atom utilization, have shown huge application potential in the remediation of emerging organic pollutants (EOPs), but revealing intrinsic reaction mechanisms at spin state level remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a single‐atom Ti‐loaded covalent organic framework (Ti1/CTF) is constructed for two‐stage process that involved adsorption and photocatalytic synergy, and the essential role of the electronic spin state in regulating the intrinsic activity of the material is evidenced. Spin‐polarized Ti1N3/CTF‐10 considerably enhances the adsorption capacity (453.285 µmol g−1) and degradation kinetics (2.263 h−1, 17.0‐fold faster than CTF‐0) for 2,2,4,4'‐tetrehydroxybenzophenone (BP‐2) and provides long‐term stability (93.3% BP‐2 removal in seven cycles) and favorable cost‐effectiveness (4.45 kWh∙m−3electrical energy per order) in natural water applications. Theoretical calculations and experimental results suggest that the Ti1N3moieties of single‐atom Ti bonded to pyridine and triazine N induce electron spin‐down polarization near the Fermi energy level of the active site, providing a strong dipole force and motive power for electron transfer. This study provides new insights into the adsorption, activation, and photodegradation of EOPs at the material interface from the electronic spin level and demonstrates promising solutions for water micropollution control.
Optimized TiO Subcompounds and Elastic Expanded MXene Interlayers Boost Quick Sodium Storage Performance
Authors: Lu Chengxing , Li Xingyu , Liu Ronghui , Niu Hua‐Jie , Wang Qingyan , Xiao Tingjiao , Liu Jianjun , Wang Hua , Zhou Wei
Published: February 2023

To develop quick‐charge sodium‐ion battery, it is significant to optimize insertion‐type anode to afford fast Na+ diffusion rate and excellent electron conductivity. First‐principles calculations reveal the TiO subcompound superiority for Na+ diffusion following Ti(II)O > Ti(III)O > Ti(IV)O. Hence, in situ growth of amorphous TiO subcompounds with rich oxygen defects based on Ti3C2Tx‐MXene is developed. Meanwhile, the composite presents expanded MXene interlayer spacing and much enhanced conductivity. The synergistic effect of enhanced electron/ion conduction gives a high capacity of 107 mAh g−1 at 50 A g−1, which gives 50% and 150% increasements compared with one counterpart without valence adjustment and another one without MXene expansion. It only needs 20 s (at 30 A g−1) to complete the discharge/charge process and obtains a capacity of 144.5 mAh g−1, which also shows a long‐term cycling stability at quick‐charge mode (121 mAh g−1 after 10000 cycles at 10 A g−1). The enhanced performance comes from fast electron transfer among TiO subcompounds contributed by rich‐defect amorphous TiO2–x, and a reversible change of elastic MXene with interlayer spacing between 1.4 and 1.9 nm during Na+ insertion/extraction process. This study provides a feasible route to boost the kinetics and develop quick‐charge sodium‐ion battery.
A dπ‐pπ Conjugated System with High Mobility and Strong Emission Simultaneously
Authors: Chen Shiyan , Cao Congcong , Yu Ziwen , Zhang Andong , Lai Xue , Peng Lixia , Hua Yuhui , Yang Liulin , Jiang Wei , Chen Dafa , Wang Zhaohui , He Feng , Xia Haiping
Published: February 2023

Strong intermolecular interactions usually facilitate charge transport, but impede photoluminescence, therefore, the development of organic π‐conjugated materials that exhibit both semiconducting and light‐emissive properties remains challenging. Herein, a series of perylene diimide (PDI)‐based carbolong complexes with dπ‐pπ conjugation is synthesized. The resulting alcohol‐soluble products exhibit broad and strong absorption combined with outstanding electronic and optical properties, and are applied as electron transport layer materials in organic solar cells, achieving power conversion efficiencies up to 17.36%. In addition, these complexes exhibit an uncommon aggregation‐induced emission phenomenon. These results will aid in future design of π‐conjugated materials with increased functionality.
Heteroepitaxy of 2D CuCr2Te4 with Robust Room‐temperature Ferromagnetism
Authors: Wang Hao , Wen Yao , Zhao Xiaoxu , Cheng Ruiqing , Yin Lei , Zhai Baoxing , Jiang Jian , Li Zhongwei , Liu Chuansheng , Wu Fengcheng , He Jun
Published: February 2023

Magnetic materials in 2D have attracted widespread attention for their intriguing magnetic properties. 2D magnetic heterostructures can provide unprecedented opportunities for exploring fundamental physics and novel spintronic devices. Here, the heteroepitaxial growth of ferromagnetic CuCr2Te4 nanosheets is reported on Cr2Te3 and mica by chemical vapor deposition. Magneto‐optical Kerr effect measurements reveal the thickness‐dependent ferromagnetism of CuCr2Te4 nanosheets on mica, where a decrease of Curie temperature (TC) from 320 to 260 K and an enhancement of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy with reducing thickness are observed. Moreover, lattice‐matched heteroepitaxial ultrathin CuCr2Te4 on Cr2Te3 exhibits an enhanced robust ferromagnetism with TC up to 340 K due to the interfacial charge transfer. Stripe‐type magnetic domains and single magnetic domain are discovered in this heterostructure with different thicknesses. The work provides a way to construct robust room‐temperature 2D magnetic heterostructures for functional spintronic devices.
Ultra‐fast Piezocatalysts Enabled By Interfacial Interaction of Reduced Graphene Oxide/MoS2 Heterostructures
Authors: Shen Pengfei , Yin Pei , Zou Yongtao , Li Mu , Zhang Nanqiu , Tan Dan , Zhao Haiyang , Li Quanjun , Yang Rusen , Zou Bo , Liu Bingbing
Published: February 2023

The catalytic activity has been investigated in 2D materials, and the unique structural and electronic properties contribute to their success in conventional heterogeneous catalysis. Heterojunction‐based piezocatalysis has attracted increasing attention due to the band‐structure engineering and the enhanced charge carrier separation by prominent piezoelectric effect. However, the piezocatalytic behavior of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures is still unknown, and the finite active sites, catalyst poisoning, and poor conductivity are challenges for developing good piezocatalysts. Herein, a reduced graphene oxide (rGO)‐MoS2 heterostructure is rationally designed to tackle these challenges. The heterostructure shows a record‐high piezocatalytic degradation rate of 1.40 × 102 L mol−1 s−1, which is 7.86 times higher than MoS2 nanosheets. Piezoresponse force microscope measurements and density functional theory calculation reveal that the coupling between semiconductive and piezoelectric properties in the vdW heterojunction is vital to break the metallic state screening effect at the MoS2 edge for keeping the piezoelectric potential. The dynamic charges generated by MoS2 and the fast charge transfer in rGO activate and maintain catalytically active sites for pollutant degradation with an ultra‐fast rate and good stability. The working mechanism opens new avenues for developing efficient catalysts significant to wastewater treatments and other applications.
Guide to Leveraging Conducting Polymers and Hydrogels for Direct Current Stimulation
Authors: Leal José , Shaner Sebastian , Matter Lukas , Böhler Christian , Asplund Maria
Published: February 2023

The tunable electrical properties of conducting polymers (CPs), their biocompatibility, fabrication versatility, and cost‐efficiency make them an ideal coating material for stimulation electrodes in biomedical applications. Several biological processes like wound healing, neuronal regrowth, and cancer metastasis, which rely on constant electric fields, demand electrodes capable of delivering direct current stimulation (DCs) for long times without developing toxic electrochemical reactions. Recently, CPs such as poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT/PSS) have demonstrated outstanding capability for delivering DCs without damaging cells in culture while not requiring intermediate buffers, contrary to the current research setups relying on noble‐metals and buffering bridges. However, clear understanding of how electrode design and CP synthesis influence DCs properties of these materials has not been provided until now. This study demonstrates that various PEDOT‐based CP coatings and hydrogels on rough electrodes can deliver DCs without substantial changes to the electrode and the noticeable development of chemical by‐products depending on the electrode area and polymer thickness. A comprehensive analysis of the tested coatings is provided according to the desired application and available resources, alongside a proposed explanation for the observed electrochemical behavior. The CPs tested herein can pave the way toward the widespread implementation of DCs as a therapeutic stimulation paradigm.
Scalable Synthesis of Self‐Disinfecting Polycationic Coatings for Hospital Relevant Surfaces
Authors: Watts Samuel , Gontsarik Mark , Lassenberger Andrea , Valentin Jules D. P. , Wolfensberger Aline , Brugger Silvio D. , Zabara Mahsa , Pronk Wouter , Salentinig Stefan
Published: February 2023

The prevention of microbial infections is a global challenge. Efficient antimicrobial coatings that rapidly kill microorganisms upon contact can help minimize their transmission. However, their scalable synthesis is challenging. This work demonstrates the scalable synthesis and characterization of self‐disinfecting nanofilms for the postmodification of hospital‐relevant surfaces. Their antimicrobial action is based on charge interactions between a supercharged cationic surface film and the negatively charged bacteria membrane. Photoinitiated bulk polymerization of an air‐dried [2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride film on cotton (gowns), nitrile rubber (protective gloves), and glass surfaces (tables, screens) is used for their supercharging, and studied with streaming potential measurements. A 6 nm thick coating dominated by cationic quarternary amine groups is shown by a combination of spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Antimicrobial in vitro evaluation of the coated surfaces demonstrates up to ≈4 log reductions in bacterial populations in less than 5 min. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and live‐dead staining confirm the surface‐induced killing of bacteria. The coating's range of compatible materials and its rapid bactericidal activity can combat the surface transmission of bacteria and may help to contain the spread of infectious diseases. Its synthesis in environmental conditions is promising for integration into industrial processes.
Reversible Tuning of Extrinsic 3D Chirality in Chalcogenide NonChiral Metasurfaces
Authors: Cao Tun , Mao Libang , Fan Hangwei , Lian Meng , Jia Jingyuan , Su Ying , Ren Haonan
Published: February 2023

The chiroptical response occurring in the chiral metamaterials (MMs) has crucial and extensive applications for stereochemistry, polarization optics, and spintronics. Yet, such intrinsically chiral metamaterials are restricted to a complicated subwavelength chiral profile, causing pronounced fabrication challenges, particularly at the near‐infrared (N‐IR) spectral regime. Instead, extrinsic chirality can also be observed in the nonchiral MMs under an oblique incidence, indicating that the chiroptical response can be achieved with simple structures. The development of photon‐spin selective integrated devices needs an actively reversible tuning of chirality in MMs. Herein, a reversible switching of the extrinsic chirality at the N‐IR region is demonstrated by integrating a nonvolatile chalcogenide semiconductor, Ge2Sb2Te5, into the nonchiral MMs design. It provides an ultrafast and reconfigurable tuning of transmittance circular dichroism (TCD) between amorphous and crystalline states under a stimulus of a nanosecond pulsed laser at a wavelength of 532 nm. Meanwhile, it also effectively manipulates the TCD by titling both rotation and incident angles while fixing geometrical parameters. Utilizing ellipsometry and analytical inversion, it can obtain not only linear but circular birefringence‐dichroism pairs from a single general ellipsometry measurement, which gives a comprehensive description of the polarization characteristics of the non‐chiral MMs, having an advantage over the typical circular dichroism measurements.