bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consumption of meals prepared away from home is associated with inadequacy of dietary fiber, vitamin C and mineral intake among Japanese adults: analysis from the 2015 National Health and Nutrition Survey
Authors: Matsumoto Mai , Saito Aki , Okada Chika , Okada Emiko , Tajima Ryoko , Takimoto Hidemi
Published: January 2021

Background: Consumption of home-prepared meals may lead to better nutritional intake. Few studies have examined the association between the frequency of consuming meals prepared away from home and the inadequacy of nutritional intake based on nutritional standards and food group intake. We therefore aimed to investigate this issue among Japanese adults.Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of the 2015 National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan, involving 921 men and 1300 women aged 18–64 years, conducted as a cross-sectional survey. The frequency of consuming meals prepared away from home was defined using two questions inquiring about the frequency of eating out and take-away meals. Data on dietary intake were collected using a one-day semi-weighed household dietary record. Participants were stratified into three groups based on the frequency of consuming meals prepared away from home (High, Moderate, Low). The inadequacy of each nutrient intake was assessed by comparing estimated average requirement (EAR) level for 14 nutrients and the range of the dietary goal (DG) for seven nutrients according to the 2015 version of the Dietary Reference Intake for Japanese. Group differences in nutrients adequacy were assessed using the covariate and logistic regression analysis, respectively. Food intake was also compared across the groups by classifying each food item into 17 groups based on food group table.Results: The proportion of participants who consumed home-prepared meals almost every day were 34.9% among men and 46.8% among women, and the proportion of those consuming a higher frequency of meals prepared away from home were 14.7% and 6.3%, respectively. A higher frequency of consuming meals prepared away from home was associated with inadequacy of dietary fiber, vitamin C and minerals (iron, magnesium and potassium) intake, and with lower intake of vegetables and higher intake of fat and oils.Conclusions: High frequency of consuming meals prepared away from home was associated with insufficient intake of dietary fiber, vitamin C and multiple minerals among Japanese adults. Dietary fiber and mineral intake may be the potential target of interventions aimed at improving nutrient intake in individuals who predominantly eat food prepared away from home.
Validation of a three-item Fatigue Severity Scale for patients with substance use disorder: a cohort study from Norway for the period 2016-2020
Authors: Vold Jørn Henrik , Gjestad Rolf , Aas Christer F. , Meland Eivind , Johansson Kjell Arne , Fadnes Lars Thore
Published: January 2021

Background Little attention has been paid to customising fatigue questionnaires for patients with Substance Use Disorders (SUDs). The present study aims to validate and shorten the nine-item Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS-9) and Visual Analogue Fatigue Scale (VAFS) for use with this population.MethodsWe used data from a nested cohort with annual health assessments with responses on the FSS-9 and VAFS. During the period 2016–2020, 917 health assessments were collected from 655 patients with SUD in Bergen and Stavanger, Norway. A total of 225 patients answered the health assessment at least twice. We defined baseline as the first annual health assessment when the health assessments were sorted chronologically per patient. We checked for internal consistency, and we used longitudinal confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and linear mixed model (LMM) analysis to validate and shorten the FSS-9 and VAFS. ResultsThe internal consistency of the FSS-9 was excellent with a Cronbach’s α of 0.94 at baseline and 0.93 at the second annual health assessment. When shortening the FSS-9 to a three-item FSS (FSS-3, items 5–7), the Cronbach’s α was 0.87 at baseline and 0.84 at the second health assessment. The internal consistency was not affected when the VAFS was added to the FSS-3 and the FSS-9. The longitudinal CFA model showed a well-fitting model for the FSS-3 (χ2 = 13.33, degree of freedom = 8, P = 0.101). The LMM analysis showed equal linear changes at the individual level for the FSS-3 (slope: 0.00, P > 0.05) and FSS-9 (slope: 0.01, P > 0.05) between the health assessments. ConclusionThe FSS-9 could be shortened to the FSS-3 with high validity and reliability for patients with SUDs and the addition of VAFS did not provide much added variability.
Geometric Correction for Thermographic Images of Asteroid 162173 Ryugu by TIR (Thermal Infrared Imager) onboard Hayabusa2
Authors: Arai Takehiko , Okada Tatsuaki , Tanaka Satoshi , Fukuhara Tetsuya , Demura Hirohide , Kouyama Toru , Sakatani Naoya , Shimaki Yuri , Senshu Hiroki , Sekiguchi Tomohiko , Takita Jun , Hirata Naru , Yamamoto Yukio
Published: January 2021

The thermal infrared imager (TIR) onboard the Hayabusa2 spacecraft performed thermographic observations of the asteroid 162173 Ryugu (1999 JU3) from June 2018 to November 2019. Our previous reports showed the surface temperature and thermal inertia maps of Ryugu. At that time, the mapping procedure from observed TIR images to the shape model of Ryugu has been developed as a geometric correction method. The method used the shape model derived from the observed images by the optical. navigation camera (ONC), a numerical geometry toolkit, SPICE kernels (NASA/NAIF) based on the spacecraft attitude data derived from ONC images, and the measured altitudes by the light detection and ranging (LIDAR). The pointing directions of TIR were calculated using an interpolation of data from SPICE kernels during the periods when the ONC or LIDAR observation was performed. Still, the mapping accuracy of the observed TIR images was degraded when the ONC and LIDAR observations were not performed with TIR. In this paper, to solve the problem of the mapping procedure, we improved the correction method by matching the TIR images, which carried out a one-to-one correspondence between the observed points in the TIR images and the surface nodes addressed on the shape model of Ryugu. This geometric correction adjusted the pointing direction of TIR by rotating the TIR frame relative to the base of the Hayabusa2 frame using a least squares fit. The resulting temperature maps spatially spreading more than 10° were improved after the correction, and high-resolved 0.5° by 0.5° maps were constructed. The geometric correction was effective for characteristic regions where the terrain was comparable to the pixel scale of TIR, such as the Ejima Saxum. The estimated thermal inertia of the bottom of Ejima Saxum was approximately 300 Jm-2s-0.5K-1. Thus this estimation was succeeded in case that the surface topographic features were the pixel scale of TIR. However, the thermal inertia estimation of smooth terrains, such as the Urashima crater, was difficult because of surface roughness effects, where roughness was probably less than the pixel scale of TIR.
Factors that influenced access and utilisation of sexual and reproductive health services among Ugandan youths during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: An online cross-sectional survey
Authors: Mambo Simon Binezero , Sikakulya Franck K. , Ssebuufu Robinson , Mulumba Yusuf , Wasswa Henry , Thompson Kelly , Rusatira Jean Christophe , Bhondoekhan Fiona , Kamyuka Louis K. , Akib Surat Olabisi , Kirimuhuzya Claude , Nakawesi Jane , Kyamanywa Patrick
Published: January 2021

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted health care access in many countries. The aim of this study was to explore factors that influenced access and utilisation of sexual and reproductive health services among Ugandan youths during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Methods This was across-sectional study carried out from April 2020 to May 2020 in Uganda. A questionnaire was administered online to participants aged 18 to 30 years. Subjects were recruited using a snowballing approach. STATA version 14.2 was used for statistical analysis.Results Of 724 participants, 203 (28%) reported that they did not have access to information and/or education concerning sexual and reproductive health (SRH). More than a quarter of the participants (26.9%, n=195) reported that testing and treatment services of sexually transmitted infections were not available during the lockdown. 27.2% could not obtain contraceptive supplies. Access to HIV services and menstrual supplies were also impaired. Lack of transportation was the commonest factor cited as limiting access to SRH services during the lockdown (68.7%), followed by the long distance from home to SRH facilities (55.2%), high cost of services (42.2%) and the curfew (39.1%). Sexually transmitted infections were the commonest SRH problems related to SRH during the lockdown (40.4%) followed by unwanted pregnancy (32.4%) and sexual abuse (32.4%). Marital, educational, and employment status were significantly correlated with the reported experiences of the participants. Conclusion Access to SRH information and services for Ugandan youths was restricted during the COVID-19 lockdown and may have increased the incidence of poor SRH outcomes. Lack of transportation, distance to health facilities, and high cost of services were important limiting factors. The Government and other stakeholders should incorporate SRH among the priority services to be preserved during future outbreaks.
Community-Based Peer Support Intervention to Mitigate Social Isolation and Stigma of Adolescent Motherhood in Harare, Zimbabwe
Authors: Tinago Chiwoneso B. , Frongillo Edward A. , Warren Andrea , Chitiyo Vivian , Cifarelli Ashley K. , Fyalkowski Shannon , Pauline Victoria
Published: January 2021

Background Adolescent mothers in Zimbabwe often experience stigma, isolation and lack coping skills and resources to successfully navigate motherhood. Social isolation and stigma are linked to poor mental health outcomes. No interventions currently address mental health of adolescent mothers in Zimbabwe. Peer support groups in other contexts have been effective at increasing social connectedness, self-esteem, and self-efficacy, providing coping mechanisms to manage stigma experiences, in addition to empowering and improving mental health or adolescents and adolescent mothers. To develop a community-based peer support intervention, we aimed to understand the unique needs of adolescent mothers and how peer support groups could address those needs. Methods Focus group discussions were conducted with 85 adolescent mothers aged 14-18 years, 24 community health workers, and 25 key community stakeholders in a low-income high-density community in Harare. Data were analyzed thematically using NVivo 12 software. Results Participants described adolescent mother experiences with stigma and social isolation, in addition to challenges including gossip, lack of employment and educational opportunities and gaps in services and programming. Peer support groups for adolescent mothers were welcomed to improve mental health, social support, knowledge sharing and skills building. Participants identified varying preferred frequency and duration of group sessions addressing topics including income generation, mental health, and gossip, facilitated by community health workers at health and community centers. Use of WhatsApp Messenger to support intervention efforts was welcomed as an affordable and user-friendly platform to share information. Conclusions Participants supported peer support groups to empower, meet needs, and improve the health of adolescent mothers.
Bulk-up synchronization of successive larval cohorts of Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii through temperature reduction at early larval stages: effect on emergence rates, body size and mating successss
Authors: Zubair Qaswa , Matthews Holly , Sougoufara Seynabou , Mujeeb Fatima , Ashall Simon , Aboagye-Antwi Fred , Tripet Frederic
Published: January 2021

Background Malaria persists as a huge medical and economic burden. Although the number of cases and death rates have reduced in recent years, novel interventions are a necessity if such gains are to be maintained. Alternative methods to target mosquito vector populations that involve the release of large numbers genetically modified mosquitoes are in development. However, their successful introduction will require innovative strategies to bulk-up mosquito numbers and improve mass rearing protocols for Anopheles mosquitoes.Methods The relationship between mosquito aquatic stage development and temperature was exploited so that multiple cohorts of mosquitoes, from separate egg batches, could be synchronized to ‘bulk-up’ the number of mosquitoes released. First instar larvae were separated into two cohorts: the first, maintained under standard insectary conditions at 27oC, the second subjected to an initial 5-day cooling period at 19oC. Results Cooling of 1st instars slowed the mean emergence times of Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles gambiae by 2.4 and 3.5 days, respectively, compared to their 27oC counterparts. Pupation and emergence rates were good (> 85%) in all conditions. Temperature adjustment had no effect on mosquito sex ratio and adult fitness parameters such as body size and mating success were also comparable with the control cohort. Conclusions Bulk-up larval synchronization is a simple method allowing more operational flexibility in mosquito production towards mark-release-recapture studies and mass release interventions.
Abnormal electrophysiological phenotypes and sleep deficits in a mouse model of Angelman Syndrome
Authors: Copping Nycole A , Silverman Jill L
Published: January 2021

Background: Angelman Syndrome (AS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by impaired communication, motor and balance deficits, intellectual disabilities, recurring seizures and abnormal sleep patterns. The genetic cause of AS is neuronal specific loss of expression of UBE3A (ubiquitin-protein ligase E6-AP), an imprinted gene. Seizure and sleep disorders are highly prevalent (>80%) in the AS population. The present experiments were designed to identify translational, neurophysiological outcome measures in a model of AS.Methods: We used the exon-2 deletion mouse (Ube3a-del) on a C57BL/6J background to assess seizure, sleep and electrophysiological phenotypes. Seizure susceptibility has been reported in Ube3a-del mice with a variety of seizure induction methods. Here, we provoked seizures by a single high-dose injection of 80 mg/kg pentylenetetrazole. Novel experiments included the utilization of wireless telemetry devices to acquire global electroencephalogram (EEG) and neurophysiological data on electrographic seizures, power spectra, light-dark cycles, sleep stages and sleep spindles in Ube3a-del and WT mice.Results: Ube3a-del mice exhibited reduced seizure threshold compared to WT. EEG illustrated that Ube3a-del mice had increased epileptiform spiking activity and delta power, which corroborates findings from other laboratories and recapitulates clinical reports in AS. This is the first report to use a cortical surface-based recording by a wireless telemetry device over tethered/fixed head-mount depth recordings. Less time in both paradoxical and slow-wave sleep, longer latencies to paradoxical sleep stages, and total less sleep time in Ube3a-del mice were observed compared to WT. For the first time, we detected fewer sleep spindles in the AS mouse model. Limitations: This study was limited to the exon 2 deletion mouse model, future work will investigate the rat model of AS, containing a complete Ube3a deletion and pair EEG with behavior.Conclusions: Our data enhance rigor and translatability as our study provides important corroboration of previous reports on epileptiform and elevated delta power. For the first-time we report neurophysiological phenotypes collected via translational methodology. Furthermore, this is the first report of reduced sleep spindles, a critical marker of memory consolidation during sleep, in an AS model. Our results are useful outcomes for therapeutic testing.
Factors Influencing Contraceptive Decision Making And Use Among Young Adolescents In Urban Lilongwe, Malawi: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Dombola Gift Mtawali , Chipeta Effie , Manda Wanangwa Chimwaza
Published: January 2021

Background: The prevalence of teenage pregnancies in Malawi is 29% and about 25% of married and 30% of unmarried adolescents (15-19 years old) use contraceptives. Data on contraceptive use has focused on older adolescents (15-19 years old) leaving out the young adolescents (10-14 years old). This study assessed factors that influence contraceptive decision-making and use among young adolescents aged 10-14 years.Methods: This was a qualitative study which used Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) model to understand the processes that influence contraceptive decision making among young adolescents (10-14 years old) in urban Lilongwe. The study was conducted in 6 youth health friendly service centers and in 12 youth clubs. Two focus group discussions and 26 in-depth interviews were conducted among sexually-active in and out of school young adolescents and key informants. The results are organized into themes identified during analysis.Results: Results showed that contraceptive decision making is influenced by social factors (individual, interpersonal, society) and adolescents` perceptions regarding hormonal contraceptives. There is also disconnect between Education and adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health policies.Conclusion: The findings suggest that interventions to scale up contraceptive use need male and female involvement in decision making. Addressing myths around contraceptives, and harmonization of Education and Sexual and Reproductive Health policies in the country would motivate adolescents to use contraceptives.
Factors influencing stress, anxiety, and depression among Iranian pregnant women: the role of sexual distress and genital self-image
Authors: keramat Afsaneh , Malary Mina , Moosazadeh Mahmood , bagherian Nastaran , Rajabi-Shakib Mohammad-Reza
Published: January 2021

Background: Pregnancy is a unique period with the increased likelihood of psychological changes and emotional disturbances such as depression, anxiety, and stress. In this study, we investigated the factors influencing depression, anxiety, and stress in pregnancy and identify their associations with Sexual Distress (SD) and Genital Self-Image (GSI). Methods: This was a descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study performed using the two-stage cluster sampling method between September 2019 and January 2020. Overall, 295 pregnant women completed a demographics and obstetric information checklist, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSI), and Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised (FSDS-R).Results: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences in the mean scores of SD between the groups with varying degrees of depression, anxiety, and stress (P<0.001) and in the mean score of GSI between the groups with varying degrees of depression (P=0.01) and anxiety (P<0.001). In multivariate linear regression analysis, higher (worse) depression, anxiety, and stress scores were found in women with more advanced age and higher SD scores; however, these scores were lower (better) in those with increased gestational age. Lower depression and anxiety scores were associated with moderate satisfaction with income, moderate satisfaction with BI in pregnancy, and lower stress and depression scores were linked to planned pregnancy. Higher (better) GSI score was a predictor of lower depression score, complication in a previous pregnancy was a predictor of higher stress score, and finally, fear of fetal abortion and being a housewife were predictors of a higher anxiety score.Conclusion: Various factors contribute to the development of antenatal depression, anxiety, and stress. A positive correlation was found between SD and the severity of depression, anxiety, and stress, while a negative correlation was noted between GSI and the severity of depression and anxiety. Therefore, raising awareness regarding SD and GSI through screening and counseling sessions can have beneficial effects for mothers and their fetuses.
Pengaruh Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Logan Avenue Problem Solving (LAPS-Heuristik) terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah pada Soal Cerita Barisan dan Deret Aritmetika
Authors: Novitasari Nindya Tifa , Shodikin Ali
Published: January 2021

The poor problem solving abilities of students is still a scourge in mathematics learning, mainly in terms of solving mathematical story problems. This is because in the case of story problems, students are required to understand the information and the questions in mathematical problems at the beginning in order to create a mathematical model which reflects the problem being solved. This study aimed to examine the achievement and improvement of students’ abilities in solving mathematical story problems about arithmetic sequences and series using LAPS-Heuristic learning model. The study method was the Intact-Group Comparison. The subjects were 43 students who were divided into two groups.  The first group received conventional learning, while the other group received LAPS-Heuristic learning. The results showed that both achievement and improvement of students’ abilities in solving mathematical story problems who received LAPS-Heuristic learning model were better than in students’ abilities who received conventional learning.
Eğimli Arazilerde Kaya Tutucu Toprakarme Duvarların Uygulanabilirliği ve Alternatif Kaya Islahı Çözümleriyle Karşılaştırılması: Kanlıpelit Örneği
Authors: ÇELİK Muhammet , NASERY Mohammad Manzoor
Published: January 2021

Toprakarme duvarlar kaya düşmesi afetini engellemek için kullanılan yüksek enerji sönümleme özelliğine sahip masif yapılardır. Toprakarme duvarların taban genişlikleri fazla olması nedeniyle kaya düşmesinin yaşandığı eğimli arazilerde uygulanmasında çeşitli sıkıntılar doğmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, eğimli arazilerde toprakarme duvarların uygulanabilmesi için geliştirilmiş çözüm örnek bir proje üzerine incelenmiştir. Buna göre eğimli arazide 6 m yüksekliğinde taş istinat duvarı ve dolgu yapılarak düz bir platform elde edilmesi ve toprakarme duvarın platform üzerine yapılması projelendirilmiştir. Platform yapılmadan önce 8 adet en kesit üzerine kaya düşme analizleri gerçekleştirilerek kayanın sıçrama yüksekliği, hız ve toplam kinetik enerji değerleri elde edilmiş, daha sonra platform imalatı bitirilmiş, aynı analizlerle elde edilen veriler karşılaştırılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada oluşturulan bu platform kayaların sıçrama yükseklikleri değerlerini %83, kinetik enerji değerlerini %62 ve hız değerlerini %42 oranında azaltmıştır. Çalışmanın ikinci kısmında projelendirilen platform üzeri toprakarme duvarın maliyeti alternatif projelerin maliyetleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Buna göre 6 metre betonarme duvar arkasına dolgu ve üzerine 3 metre yüksekliğinde çelik bariyer yapılmasından %60.8 oranında ve 6 metre yüksekliğinde çelik bariyer yapılmasından ise %74.5 oranında daha az maliyetli olduğu görülmüştür. Yapılan çalışmanın sonunda; Çelik bariyerler, kaya çarpmaları sırasında boyca azalmaları, ilk yapım ve bakım onarım maliyetleri, ithal edilmeleri ve doğaya uyumu gibi çeşitli konularda toprakarme duvarlara göre dezavantajlıdır. Bu nedenle oluşturulan platform üzerinde toprakarme duvar yapılmasının hem güvenlik açısından hem de maliyet açısından üstün bir ıslah yöntemi olduğu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında geliştirilen yöntem Trabzon İli Maçka İlçesi Güney Mahallesinde kaya ıslahı projesinde uygulanmıştır.
Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi İllerinin CBS Kullanarak Hava Kalitesinin Mekânsal Değişiminin İncelenmesi (2007-2019)
Authors: VURAL Ercan
Published: January 2021

Sanayi devrimiyle birlikte çevre sorunları çeşitlenmiş ve önemli ölçüde artış göstererek hem doğal hem de beşerî çevreyi etkilemiştir. Bu çevre sorunlarının en önemlileri arasında yer alan hava kirliliği geçmişte olduğu gibi günümüzde de ciddi bir sorun olmuştur. Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi illerinde 2007-2019 yılları arasında hava kalitesi ve kirliliğine etki eden beşeri unsurların incelendiği bu çalışmada, kirlilik özellikle belirli illerde süreklilik göstermektedir. Bu sürekliliğe bağlı olarak amacımız bölge illerindeki hava kirliliğini tespit etmek ve bunlara çözüm önerisi sunabilmektir. Hava kirliliğinin mekânsal değişimini tespit etmek için Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri aracılığıyla IDW (Inverse Distance Weighting) analizi kullanılmıştır. Bu analiz yöntemiyle ölçümler arasında enterpolasyon sağlanmıştır. SO2 konsantrasyonun en fazla olduğu iller 2007’de Şanlıurfa ve Siirt, 2012’de Şırnak, 2017’de Şanlıurfa ve Siirt ve 2019’da da Şanlıurfa’dır. PM10’de ise 2007’de Batman, 2012’de Gaziantep, Batman ve Siirt, 2017’de Şanlıurfa ve 2019’da da Şırnak’ta yıllık ortalama konsantrasyon fazladır. Kirliliğin artmasında en önemli beşeri unsurlar; şehirde yaşayan nüfus miktarı, konutlarda ve sanayide kullanılan yakıt türü ve kalitesi, sanayiye bağlı işletme sayısı ve araç sayısıdır. Bu manada insan sağlığının bozulmasına hatta ölümlere neden olan hava kirliliğinde yerel ve ulusal yönetimlerin ciddi önlem alması gerekmektedir.
Muğla İlinde 1960-2018 Dönemi Kuraklık Analizi
Authors: OĞUZ Kahraman , PEKİN Muhammet Ali , ÇAMALAN Gülten
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Muğla ilinin 1960-2018 periyodundaki yağış eğilimini ve meteorolojik, tarımsal ve hidrolojik kuraklık durumunu incelemektir. Çalışmada, Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü’nden elde edilen Muğla Meteoroloji İstasyonu’na ait 1960-2018 dönemi aylık toplam yağış verileri kullanılmıştır. Yağış verilerine Run (Swed-Eisenhart) homojenlik testi, Mann-Kendall metodu ve Standart Yağış İndeksi yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca, yaşanan kuraklıkların şiddet ve süresi de incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Muğla ilinin uzun yıllar yağış ve kuraklık eğilimleri ortaya konulmuştur. Muğla ili için yıllık toplam yağışların 1960-2018 dönemi ortalaması 1180.2 mm olarak bulunmuştur. Çalışma döneminde en düşük yağış miktarı 2008 yılında 564.6 mm, en yüksek yağış miktarı ise 1969 yılında 1805 mm olarak görülmüştür. Muğla ilinde hafif nemli ve hafif kurak ay sayıları diğer sınıflara göre daha fazla gerçekleşmiştir. Ayrıca, ekstrem kurak dönem, ekstrem nemli döneme göre daha fazla gerçekleşmiştir. Muğla ilinde nemli ve kurak ay sayılarının, çoğunlukla hafif nemli, orta nemli, hafif kurak ve orta kurak şiddet sınıflarında kümelendiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca analizler, zaman periyodu arttıkça, kuraklığın daha az tekrar ettiği ama daha uzun süreli etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Muğla istasyonunun ölçekler bazında toplam kuraklık şiddeti ve toplam kuraklık süreleri hemen hemen benzer yıllara denk gelmiştir. Ancak, 3 aylık Standart Yağış İndeksi periyodunda en güçlü toplam kuraklık şiddetinin -13.90 değeri ile 2006 Aralık – 2007 Eylül arasında görülmesine karşılık, yaşanan uzun süreli (12 ay) kuraklığın 2000 Haziran – 2001 Mayıs arasında olduğu görülmüştür.
Hydrodynamics in lattice models with continuous non-Abelian symmetries
Authors: Glorioso Paolo , Delacrétaz Luca , Chen Xiao , Nandkishore Rahul , Lucas Andrew
Published: January 2021

We develop a systematic effective field theory of hydrodynamics for many-body systems on the lattice with global continuous non-Abelian symmetries. Models with continuous non-Abelian symmetries are ubiquitous in physics, arising in diverse settings ranging from hot nuclear matter to cold atomic gases and quantum spin chains. In every dimension and for every flavor symmetry group, the low energy theory is a set of coupled noisy diffusion equations. Independence of the physics on the choice of canonical or microcanonical ensemble is manifest in our hydrodynamic expansion, even though the ensemble choice causes an apparent shift in quasinormal mode spectra. We use our formalism to explain why flavor symmetry is qualitatively different from hydrodynamics with other non-Abelian conservation laws, including angular momentum and charge multipoles.

As a significant application of our framework, we study spin and energy diffusion in classical one-dimensional SU(2)-invariant spin chains, including the Heisenberg model along with multiple generalizations. We argue based on both numerical simulations and our effective field theory framework that non-integrable spin chains on a lattice exhibit conventional spin diffusion, in contrast to some recent predictions that diffusion constants grow logarithmically at late times. We show that the apparent enhancement of diffusion is due to slow equilibration caused by (non-Abelian) hydrodynamic fluctuations.
Gravity loop integrands from the ultraviolet
Authors: Edison Alex , Herrmann Enrico , Parra-Martinez Julio , Trnka Jaroslav
Published: January 2021

We demonstrate that loop integrands of
(super-)gravity scattering amplitudes possess surprising properties in the
ultraviolet (UV) region. In particular, we study the scaling of multi-particle unitarity cuts
for asymptotically large momenta and expose an improved
UV behavior of four-dimensional cuts through seven loops as compared to
standard expectations. For N=8 supergravity, we show that
the improved large momentum scaling combined with the behavior of the integrand under BCFW
deformations of external kinematics uniquely fixes the
loop integrands in a number of non-trivial cases. In the integrand
construction, all scaling conditions are homogeneous. Therefore, the only
required information about the amplitude is its vanishing at particular
points in momentum space. This homogeneous construction gives indirect
evidence for a new geometric picture for graviton amplitudes similar to the
one found for planar N=4 super Yang-Mills theory. We also show how the
behavior at infinity is related to the scaling of tree-level amplitudes under
certain multi-line chiral shifts which can be used to construct new recursion
relations.
Afyonkarahisar-Dinar Dombayova Kömür Sahasının Tektono- Stratigrafik İncelemesi, Saha İçindeki Linyit Depolarının Jeolojik Gelişimi ve Rezerv Olanakları
Authors: PEKKIYICI Kemal , ÜNLÜGENÇ Ulvi Can , KARAKILÇIK Hatice
Published: January 2021

Çalışma alanı, Afyonkarahisar iline bağlı Dinar ilçesinin yaklaşık 10 km kuzeydoğusunda bulunan ve Göller bölgesinin oluşumunu da kontrol eden horst-graben sistemi içerisinde yer almaktadır. Çalışılan alan; horst-graben sistemi ve normal-verev atımlı faylar tarafından şekillendirilmiştir. Çalışmaların yürütüldüğü Dombayova grabeni yaklaşık olarak 5 ile 7 km genişliğinde, 20 km uzunluğunda bir çöküntü bölgesidir. Dombayova grabeni; kenarlarda alüvyon yelpazeleri ve yamaç molozları gibi genellikle orta-iri taneli birimlerden, orta kısımlarda ise kenar birimlerle yanal-düşey geçişli, kiltaşı, silttaşı, kumtaşı, çamurtaşı ve çok pekişmemiş kırıntılı birimlerden oluşmaktadır. Çalışma alanındaki aktif tektonizma nedeniyle sahanın özellikle doğu kenarlarındaki birimlerde gözle görülebilen eğimlenmeler dikkat çekmektedir. Ayrıca bu durum, sondajlardan alınan karotlarda da gözlendiği üzere bazı alanlarda yer yer sıkı kıvrımlanmalara sebebiyet vermiştir. Bu süreç sahada normal faylanmaların oluşumu ile birlikte verev atımlı faylanmaların gelişimini de sağlamıştır. Dombayova grabeni; batı ve doğu kenarlarından, havza merkezine doğru eğimli olan normal ve verev atımlı faylarla temsil edilmektedir. Sondaj çalışmalarında gözlemlendiği üzere, havzadaki faylar mevcut birimlerin çok kısa mesafelerde farklı seviyelerde oluşmasına neden olmuştur. Benzer ötelenmelere linyit damarlarında da gözlenmiştir. Bu nedenle kömür korelasyonu ve damar modellenmesinde zorluklarla karşılaşılmıştır. Söz konusu grabende yapılan sondaj çalışmaları ile yaklaşık olarak 1,525 milyar ton (± 100 milyon ton) rezerve sahip Geç Pliyosen-Kuvarterner yaşlı çökellerin altında oluşmuş, Miyosen-Pliyosen yaşlı linyitlerin varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Sahadaki linyitlerin kalınlıkları havza kenarlarında birkaç cm’den başlayıp, havza merkezine doğru yer yer yüzlerce metre kalınlığa ulaşmaktadır. Yapılan laboratuvar analizleri neticesinde bu linyitlerin ortalama olarak 1783 kcal/kg alt ısıl değere, %40,57 nem, %18,97 kül, %27,65 uçucu madde, %12,81 sabit karbon, %0,73 külde kükürt ve %1,25 toplam kükürt değerlerine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Breeding population trends and recent changes in the nesting behaviour of the White Stork Ciconia ciconia L., 1758 in Navarre, north of Spain
Authors: Barbarin Juan M. , Alonso Daniel , Arizaga Juan , Resano-Mayor Jaime , Arranz David , Villanúa Diego
Published: January 2021

The white stork Ciconia ciconia is one of the most emblematic birds in rural habitats of Europe. Its populations showed a drastic decline during the 20th century, followed by a rapid recovery in the last decades. The population increase has led to a relaxation in the specie’s monitoring effort, the last Spanish national official census having been conducted more than 15 years ago. In order to update this knowledge, this study shows the results of a breeding population census conducted in Navarre during the spring of 2018, describing the preferences in nest location, and comparing the current breeding population size with that described in the literature published since 1960. Our results show a breeding population of 739 pairs, which is the highest value ever recorded. However, this increase in the number of pairs has not been associated with a significant expansion of the specie’s distribution area, which is still limited to the southern half of Navarre. The only relevant colonisation would be the 5 pairs established in the Pamplona district. Most pairs (86.3%) nested in colonies, with an average size of 9.2 nests. Most of the nests were located in trees (49.0%), followed by buildings (28.8%), cut trees (10.0%), pylons (6.9%) and other types of structures (antennas, chimneys, artificial nests, cranes..., 5.3%). A comparison of the current situation with previous censuses shows that there has been an annual population growth rate of 6.6%, with an important change in nesting habits, both in the percentage of pairs that nest in colonies and in the substrate selected to build the nest. The possible causes that could explain these changes and the conservation implications for the species are discussed.
A rotina extraordinária da comunidade de Paracatu de Baixo (MG) após o rompimento da barragem de Fundão
Authors: De Paula Marcurio Gabriela
Published: January 2021

Descrevo a rotina da comunidade de Paracatu de Baixo, em Mariana, Minas Gerais, atingida pelo rompimento da barragem de rejeitos minerais de Fundão, em 2015. Os moradores foram deslocados compulsoriamente da zona rural para a sede municipal, sem a possiblidade de desempenhar seus modos de vida caracterizados, especialmente, pelo trabalho na roça. Meu argumento é que o cotidiano não foi restabelecido após o desastre, sendo que a rotina é marcada pelo extraordinário. A partir da pesquisa de campo, analiso a categoria ‘atingido’ e as reuniões com a assessoria técnica e com os representantes das mineradoras responsáveis pelo desastre. Por fim, mostro algumas estratégias dos moradores para lidarem com o tempo dissociado da terra natal.
Corpo-caleidoscópio: as siluetas de Mendieta
Authors: Duarte Sarah Marques
Published: January 2021

The article is developed based on the hypothesis that the Silueta’s series (1973-1979) of Ana Mendieta (1948-1985) can be thought through the relation with the kaleidoscope. On the one hand, as a paradigm of thinking about the dialectical image present in Walter Benjamin's thesis, and on the other, as a metaphor for sensible understanding the series created by the Cuban artist. The text is grounded in the thought of four of these works and relates them with reflections presented in the writings, mainly of Georges Didi-Huberman and Walter Benjamin.
Formulation of Herbal Shampoo against Head Louse (Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer)
Authors: Deeksha . , Malviya Rishabha , Sharma Pramod K. , Singh Dharmendra , Sharma Akanksha
Published: January 2021

Background:

Natural herbal shampoos are appealing to the consumers as they contain natural herbs without any harmful effects. The shampoo is used to remove dirt or other debris from hairs. Natural herbs are used in a herbal shampoo, which becomes more beneficial, safe, or efficacious than synthetic ones.

Aim:

The present study aims to formulate and evaluate a herbal shampoo containing various herbal extracts for anti-lice activity.

Materials and Methods:

Natural herbs such as neem, hibiscus, henna leaves, amla fruit and reetha epicarp are the components of the natural herbal shampoos used in this study. Soxhlet apparatus was used for water-based extraction of these natural herbs, whereas the maceration process was used for alcohol-based extraction. Nine formulations were prepared and evaluated by using different parameters like physical appearance, viscosity, surface tension, foam volume, pH, solid content, dirt dispersion and wetting time.

Results:

All nine shampoo formulations were successfully prepared at the pH range of 5.86-6.06. The physical appearance was observed to be between light brown to greenish-brown for F1 to F9 batches. The viscosity of the formulations was found to be between 1.05±0.011 to 0.96±0.011. Mortality of head lice (Lethal time (LT50)) for all the formulations was found in the range of 7.5 min- 52.5 min. Formulation F5 was found to be the best in the context of all the parameters. Formulation F5 showed good foaming property. The wetting ability was found to be good due to reduced surface tension (33.05±0.86); solid content was found to be 1.74% so that it would be easy to wash out from the hair.

Conclusion:

All the shampoo formulations showed good quality and could be used safely and effectively. These formulations also showed anti-lice activity so they can be used for the problem of head lice.
An Analysis of Health Insurance Data Using the Directed Acyclic Graph: An Application in Nigeria
Authors: Changpetch Pannapa , Akinyemi Mary I.
Published: January 2021

Background:

In this study, we used the total amount of insurance claims from patients in Nigeria as the data to investigate the direct and indirect effects of the diagnoses.

Methods:

We applied the Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) with the total amount of the claims for each month for 89 diagnoses using datasets drawn from private insurance companies in Nigeria from January 2015 to September 2016, which provided 21 records for each diagnosis.

Results:

The result from DAG showed three pairs of direct effects: (1) Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) had a direct effect on appendectomy, (2) Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) had a direct effect on caesarean section, and (3) Glaucoma had a direct effect on insomnia.

Conclusion:

The most interesting result pertained to the third pair of diagnoses which is pertinent to research worldwide. We not only explored the relationship in a scientific way, but also the direction of the effect provided a basis for recommendations for healthcare in Nigeria and worldwide.
Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of the National Health Insurance Amongst Health Workers in Ugu District, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa in 2017
Authors: Govender Nagammal , Mahomed Ozayr
Published: January 2021

Background:

South Africa aims to progress towards universal health coverage by implementing the National Health Insurance (NHI). The perception and actions of health care workers influence the successful implementation of any intervention.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to establish the knowledge, attitude and perception of National Health Insurance amongst health care workers in Ugu in 2017

Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional study using self -administered questionnaires were used to gather information from 380 conveniently selected respondents between October 2017 and December 2017 across all health facilities in Ugu Health District. To establish associations between demographic factors and knowledge, attitude and perception on NHI, Chi- Square (X2) test and multivariate logistic regression were analysed.

Results:

Most respondents were aware of National Health Insurance (96.84%). However, only 33% had detailed knowledge of the objectives of National Health Insurance. There was a significant relationship between age less than 45 years and more than 10 years of experience on knowledge of National Health Insurance. The overall perception of National Health Insurance was good (61.92%), despite 60% of respondents believing that there was no proper communication regarding National Health Insurance by the government. Healthcare workers who live in the urban residential area had a better perception of National Health Insurance. The attitude towards NHI was positive, as 77.84% of respondents were willing to comply with the requirements of National Health Insurance.

Conclusion:

A targeted approach for communicating information about the National Health Insurance and an increased investment could improve its credibility and effective application.
Mechanical Properties of MAX Phases
Authors: Fisher David
Published: January 2021

MAX Phase Materials are uniquely structured carbide and nitride materials which combine the rigidity, oxidation-resistance and high-temperature strength of ceramic materials with such metallic properties as good machinability, thermal-shock resistance, damage-tolerance and good transport properties. Potential applications include microelectronic layers, coatings for electrical contacts, thermal shock-resistant refractories, high-temperature heating elements, neutron-irradiation resistant nuclear applications, thermal barriers, protective aerospace coatings, and bio-compatible materials. The book reviews theoretical and experimental research up to early 2021 and references 185 original resources with their direct web links for in-depth reading.
Pandemi Sırasında Çocuklarda Akut İshal ve Dehidratasyon
Authors: KAVLAKCI Muhammet , GOKDEMIR Ozden
Published: January 2021

İshaller, beş yaş altı çocuklarda dünya genelinde görülen hastalıklar arasında, ikinci en önemli ölüm nedenidir. Görülme sıklığı, beş yaş altı çocuklarda en fazla olmakla birlikte, daha çok iki yaş altı bebeklerde ölüme neden olabilen, önlenebilir ve tedavi edilebilir bir hastalıktır. Büyük çoğunluğu az gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde olmak üzere, her yıl ishal nedeniyle beş yaş altında yaklaşık 525 bin çocuğun hayatını kaybettiği belirtilmektedir. Bu ölümlerin, en önemli sebebi dehidratasyondur. Ayrıca ishal atakları, kilo kaybına ve büyüme geriliğine yol açmaktadır. Çocukların ishalden korunması temel olduğu gibi, hasta çocukların izlemi de önemlidir. Olgu sunumu şeklinde derlenen bu makale, çocuklarda akut ishal hastalığının önüne geçilmesi ve tedavisi konusunda sağlık çalışanlarını ve toplumu bilgilendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Governança colaborativa para pesquisa em saúde: implicações da análise do Programa Pesquisa para o Sistema Único de Saúde
Authors: Pessoa Rafael Marques , Muniz Reynaldo Maia , Ckagnazaroff Ivan Beck
Published: January 2021

A presente pesquisa busca analisar a governança colaborativa no âmbito da implementação do Programa Pesquisa para o Sistema Único de Saúde: Gestão Compartilhada em Saúde (PPSUS), em três estados brasileiros selecionados (Minas Gerais, Paraná e Sergipe), entre os anos de 2002 e 2016, utilizando-se o modelo teórico de Ansell e Gash (2008). Para cumprir esse objetivo, o estudo utiliza método qualitativo, procedimentos de estudo de caso, bem como coleta de dados mediante análise documental e entrevistas de campo nos três estados selecionados. Conclui que o processo de governança colaborativa no âmbito do PPSUS, nos três estados analisados, ocorre de maneira incompleta e que, apesar do desenho colaborativo do programa e da existência de decisões conjuntas, a implementação das ações encontra-se limitada pelos recursos, conhecimentos e processos disponíveis em cada organização participante do arranjo do programa. Isso significa que tais elementos influenciam fortemente o processo colaborativo, constatação a partir da qual se propõe incluir no modelo teórico uma categoria denominada “capacidade de gestão intraorganizacional”.
Planejamento urbano para governança das cidades: a situação dos planos diretores dos municípios cearenses
Authors: De Castro Neto Francisco Alberto , Pinheiro Campêlo de Castro Ana Elisa
Published: January 2021

Este artigo tem o objetivo de identificar se os gestores dos municípios cearenses estão cumprindo a obrigação legal de desenvolver e instituir o principal instrumento de implementação da política de desenvolvimento urbano sustentável: o Plano Diretor. Para isso, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico das legislações vigentes pertinentes ao tema, e identificado, através da pesquisa Munic e dos sites das câmaras de vereadores locais, quais são os municípios cearenses que possuem Plano Diretor. Partindo desse levantamento, foram elencadas e georreferenciadas, no âmbito do Estado do Ceará, as categorias de cidades que têm obrigação de preparar e instituir o Plano Diretor, de acordo com a Lei nº 10.257, de 10 de julho de 2001, conhecida como Estatuto da Cidade. Em seguida, através da elaboração de tabelas e mapas, foi possível sobrepor informações das cidades que possuem Plano Diretor e das áreas relativas às categorias com vinculação legal para instituir esse instrumento. Com essa sobreposição, verificou-se a situação atual do planejamento urbano dos municípios cearenses, e constatou-se que a cultura de planejamento da política de desenvolvimento urbano ainda não foi implementada como fase fundamental da governança municipal em algumas das cidades cearenses.
The Influence of Average Temperature and Relative Humidity on New Cases of COVID-19: Time-Series Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: He Zonglin , Chin Yiqiao , Yu Shinning , Huang Jian , Zhang Casper J P , Zhu Ke , Azarakhsh Nima , Sheng Jie , He Yi , Jayavanth Pallavi , Liu Qian , Akinwunmi Babatunde O , Ming Wai-Kit
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

The influence of meteorological factors on the transmission and spread of COVID-19 is of interest and has not been investigated.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate the associations between meteorological factors and the daily number of new cases of COVID-19 in 9 Asian cities.

METHODS

Pearson correlation and generalized additive modeling (GAM) were performed to assess the relationships between daily new COVID-19 cases and meteorological factors (daily average temperature and relative humidity) with the most updated data currently available.

RESULTS

The Pearson correlation showed that daily new confirmed cases of COVID-19 were more correlated with the average temperature than with relative humidity. Daily new confirmed cases were negatively correlated with the average temperature in Beijing (r=–0.565, P<.001), Shanghai (r=–0.47, P<.001), and Guangzhou (r=–0.53, P<.001). In Japan, however, a positive correlation was observed (r=0.416, P<.001). In most of the cities (Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Seoul, Tokyo, and Kuala Lumpur), GAM analysis showed the number of daily new confirmed cases to be positively associated with both average temperature and relative humidity, especially using lagged 3D modeling where the positive influence of temperature on daily new confirmed cases was discerned in 5 cities (exceptions: Beijing, Wuhan, Korea, and Malaysia). Moreover, the sensitivity analysis showed, by incorporating the city grade and public health measures into the model, that higher temperatures can increase daily new case numbers (beta=0.073, Z=11.594, P<.001) in the lagged 3-day model.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings suggest that increased temperature yield increases in daily new cases of COVID-19. Hence, large-scale public health measures and expanded regional research are still required until a vaccine becomes widely available and herd immunity is established.