bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fe−O4 Motif Activated Graphitic Carbon via Oxo‐Bridge for Highly Selective H2O2 Electrosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Zitao , Chen Weibin , Chu Hsing Kai , Xiong Feng , Zhang Kexin , Yan Huacai , Meng Fanqi , Gao Song , Ma Bing , Hai Xiao , Zou Ruqiang
Published: June 2024

Carbon‐based materials have been utilized as effective catalysts for hydrogen peroxide electrosynthesis via two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e ORR), however the insufficient selectivity and productivity still hindered the further industrial applications. In this work, we report the Fe−O4 motif activated graphitic carbon material which enabled highly selective H2O2 electrosynthesis operating at high current density with excellent anti‐poisoning property. In the bulk production test, the concentration of H2O2 cumulated to 8.6 % in 24 h and the corresponding production rate of 33.5 mol gcat−1 h−1 outperformed all previously reported materials. Theoretical model backed by in situ characterization verified α‐C surrounding the Fe−O4 motif as the actual reaction site in terms of thermodynamics and kinetics aspects. The strategy of activating carbon reaction site by metal center via oxo‐bridge provides inspiring insights for the rational design of carbon materials for heterogeneous catalysis.
Parenting children with Down syndrome: A systemic look at the disability experience
Authors: Jeter Kaitlin , Hardin Michael P.
Published: June 2024

The birth of a child with a disability is often experienced as traumatic and life altering to the members of the family. Current marriage and family therapy programs and curricula require very little, if any, clinical training or supervision related to disabilities, and this prompts many therapists in the field to consider therapy with families experiencing disability to be outside their scope of practice. As a part of its nature, Down syndrome (DS) is a spectrum disorder with varying levels of health and general functioning from individual to individual, which change over the course of the lifespan. Parents of children with disabilities often experience greater levels of stress and are at higher risk for developing relational/psychological distress than parents of neurotypical children. Unique parental stressors include ambiguous loss, balancing multiple parental roles, increased demand for resources, and discrimination stress. This study interviewed married couples to observe the unique experience of parenting a child with DS and the diagnosis' effects on the individual parent, as well as marriage and family dynamics. From the gained narrative observations, clinical implications are presented to assist therapists in appropriate treatment of couples and families navigating life with DS.
Interactive experimental study on microgroove structure and drag‐reducing additives in rotating disk apparatus
Authors: Chang Ailian , Huang Le , Huang Benqing , Vafai Kambiz
Published: June 2024

A series of interactive experiments are conducted to analyze the drag reduction technology with a rotating disk apparatus that combines microgroove structure and drag‐reducing additives including polyethylene oxide (PEO), cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC), and sodium salicylate (NaSal). By varying the disk type, concentration of drag‐reducing additives, temperature, and Reynolds number (Re), the corresponding drag reduction rates are obtained effectively. The experimental results indicate that adding CTAC strengthens the heat degradation and shear resistance of PEO; while PEO can enhance the ability of CTAC to form micellar structures and balance energy distribution at low concentrations. Moreover, the synergistic effect of these two additives presents a better drag reduction performance with a maximum drag reduction rate of 24.1%; while the microgroove structure enhances the effect of active drag reduction. Therefore, the combination of active and passive drag reduction technology broadens the application of energy saving and consumption reduction in hydraulic rotating machinery.
Rapidly photocrosslinkable modified PF‐127 hydrogels for treatment of hemorrhage
Authors: Wu Jian , Zhou Shihao , Lv Kai , Zhang Wu , Zhang Yi , Li Hang , Ma Dong
Published: June 2024

Uncontrollable bleeding caused by accidental severe trauma and organ operation severely affects people's life safety, even leading to death. Therefore, it is important to cease the bleeding quickly and effectively. Here, we report a rapid photocrosslinking hydrogel (DP‐F127 hydrogel) based on F127 and acrylate functional motifs for in situ emergency hemostasis. The acrylate groups in DP‐F127 can be cross‐linked within 10 s by UV irradiation. The resulted hydrogels exhibit excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and rapid hemostatic ability. The in vivo studies on the DP‐F127 hydrogel demonstrated that liver bleeding could be rapidly repaired and show significantly less blood loss than commercially available dressing (Gelatin sponge, GS). This study provides a new paradigm for developing a hemostatic hydrogel with the rapid speed of crosslinking for in situ emergency hemostasis.
A Cu‐MOF‐decorated ammonium polyphosphate for epoxy resins with reduced smoke release and enhanced char layer
Authors: Chai Juan , Hou Yaxin , Zhang Yanhui , Xia Yan , Ran Shiya , Wang Shengyan , Chen Nianfu , Guo Zhenghong , Li Juan , Fang Zhengping
Published: June 2024

Inspired by the significant catalytic charring effect of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), Cu‐MOF decorated ammonium polyphosphate (APP@Cu‐MOF) was prepared by coupling agents to improve the fire safety of epoxy resin (EP). After adding 9 wt% APP@Cu‐MOF, the fire performance of EP is significantly improved with limiting oxide index (LOI) value of 29.4 and UL‐94 V‐0 rating. The peak heat release rate (PHRR), total smoke production (TSP), CO production, and CO2 production of EP composite samples decreased by 34.6%, 54.7%, 24.6% and 30.0%, respectively. It is proposed that the synergistic effect among Cu‐MOF and APP promoted the char formation of EP. The dense carbon layers formed a barrier that prevented the transfer of heat and inhibited the release of toxic gases, thus acting as a flame retardant. This work provides a new strategy to develop a high‐efficient MOF‐decorated flame retardant with smoke inhibition, toxicity reduction, and catalytic carbonization effect.
Preparation and characterization of high‐solid carboxylate/sulfonate waterborne polyurethane and its application in novel water‐based superfine fiber synthetic material
Authors: Qiao Pengfei , Zhang Feifei , Lu Aide , Liu Jie , Jin Liqiang , Wang Yulu
Published: June 2024

With isophorone diisocyanate and polytetrahydrofuran as basic raw materials, dimethylolpropionic acid and 2,3‐dihydroxypropanesulfonic acid triethylamine salt (DHPSTEA) as chain extension agents, trimethylolpropane as crosslinking agent, N, N‐dimethylethanolamine as neutralizer, the high‐solid carboxylate/sulfonate waterborne polyurethane (SC‐HWPU) was synthesized. The effect of COO−/SO3− molar ratio on the properties of SC‐HWPU was studied. Fourier transform infrared and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results demonstrated that the SC‐HWPU molecular chain contained carboxylate and sulfonate groups. The results of thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, and mechanical properties of SC‐HWPU film indicated that higher DHPSTEA content was favorable for the thermostability and mechanical properties when the total dosage of hydrophilic groups was invariable. When the mole ratio of COO−/SO3− is 8:2, the solid content of the prepared SC‐HWPU3 emulsion can reach to 51.6%, which has excellent storage stability and alkali resistance stability. Subsequently, the application of SC‐HWPU emulsion on the fixed‐island type polyamide/polyethylene terephthalate copolymer superfine fiber non‐woven fabric single‐coating process was analyzed, and the water‐base superfine fiber non‐woven fabric was prepared. Scanning electron microscopy showed that there was still a large amount of SC‐HWPU filled in the superfine fiber gap after alkali‐decrement, indicating that SC‐HWPU has excellent alkali resistance.
Regulation of hsa_circ_0112136 by m6A demethylase FTO can enhance the malignancy of gastric cancer via the regulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Liu Jia , Fang Xiangming
Published: June 2024

A growing body of research highlights the role that N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification and circular RNAs (circRNAs) play in gastric cancer (GC) cases. However, studies elucidating the function and mechanism of the recently discovered circRNA hsa_circ_0112136 in GC are limited. This study aimed to examine the pathophysiology of GC progression due to fat mass and obesity‐associated protein (FTO)‐mediated N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification of hsa_circ_0112136. The hsa_circ_0112136 and FTO levels in the GC samples were analyzed using qRT‐PCR. The Transwell invasion assay, wound healing assay, and CCK8 assays were employed to assess alterations in GC cell invasiveness, migration, and viability due to the aberrant regulation of hsa_circ_0112136 and FTO. Phosphorylated PI3K, AKT, and mTOR (the key proteins of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway) were detected via western blotting after hsa_circ_0112136 suppression. A tumor transplantation mouse model was constructed to evaluate the suppression of hsa_circ_0112136's function in vivo. The correlation among hsa_circ_0112136 and FTO was identified using the MeRIP assay.

Levels of hsa_circ_0112136 and FTO were evidently elevated in GC samples. Suppression of has_circ_0112136 reduced the viability, migration, and invasive ability of GC cells in vitro, as well as delayed tumor growth in vivo via suppression of the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. FTO decreased hsa_circ_0112136 m6A levels and enhanced hsa_circ_0112136 expression. Furthermore, FTO upregulation enhanced GC cell invasion, migration, and survival, which was reversed by hsa_circ_0112136 suppression.

Our study proposes that hsa_circ_0112136 functions as a tumor promoter, facilitating the malignant progression of GC through m6A modification (suppressed by FTO) and activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. This suggests that targeting FTO‐m6A‐hsa_circ_0112136‐PI3K/AKT/mTOR may be a novel approach for GC intervention.
Auswirkungen des Nutzungsverhaltens auf den Energieverbrauch im Mietwohnungsbau
Authors: Lehmann Bettina , Schirmer Matthias
Published: June 2024

Diese Studie untersucht anhand von realen Messdaten der Abrechnungsjahre 2019 bis 2023 den Energieverbrauch von 26 gas‐ und fernwärmebeheizten Mietwohngebäuden mit insgesamt 873 Wohneinheiten. Mittels Gegenüberstellung von Energiebedarfs‐ und Energieverbrauchsausweisen wird die Diskrepanz zwischen prognostizierten und gemessenen Endenergieverbräuchen dargestellt, welche das vermutete Potenzial des Nutzungsverhaltens widerspiegelt. Sowohl in unsanierten als auch sanierten Wohngebäuden wird eine teils erhebliche negative Leistungslücke festgestellt. Die Verbrauchskennwerte des Jahres 2022 vergrößern diesen Energy Performance Gap zusätzlich. Mit dieser Analyse soll die Bedeutung einer ganzheitlichen Betrachtung von Bedarfs‐ und Verbrauchskennwerten für zukünftige Planungen und Prognosen hervorgehoben werden.
Grundlagen zur brandschutztechnischen Anwendbarkeit von begrünten Fassaden an mehrgeschossigen Gebäuden
Authors: Engel Thomas , Winter Stefan
Published: June 2024

Begrünte Fassaden liegen im Trend. Die Brandausbreitung entlang der Fassade stellt grundsätzlich weltweit eines der kritischsten Brandszenarien dar, und Pflanzen sind zusätzliche brennbare Materialien. Der Einfluss begrünter Fassaden auf die Brandweiterleitung entlang der Fassade ist folglich nicht zu vernachlässigen. Allerdings steht nur wenig Forschung zu diesem Thema zur Verfügung. Dies soll das Forschungsvorhaben FireSafeGreen ändern. Haupteinflussfaktor auf das Brandverhalten von Pflanzen ist der Feuchtigkeitsgehalt. Die Pflanzenart selbst spielt eine untergeordnete Rolle in Bezug auf das Brandverhalten. Eine Kombination aus Holz‐ und begrünter Fassade führt unter Berücksichtigung einiger Randbedingungen nicht zu einer Entzündung der dahinterliegenden Holzfassade. Grundsätzlich sind die angemessene Pflege und Wartung die maßgebenden Faktoren für brandsichere begrünte Fassaden.
Imaging modalities for characterising T1 renal tumours: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Warren Hannah , Fanshawe Jack B. , Mok Valerie , Iyer Priyanka , Chan Vinson Wai‐Shun , Hesketh Richard , Zimmermann Eleanor , Kasivisvanathan Veeru , Emberton Mark , Tran Maxine G. B. , Gurusamy Kurinchi
Published: June 2024

Objectives

International guidelines recommend resection of suspected localised renal cell carcinoma (RCC), with surgical series showing benign pathology in 30%. Non‐invasive diagnostic tests to differentiate benign from malignant tumours are an unmet need. Our objective was to determine diagnostic accuracy of imaging modalities for detecting cancer in T1 renal tumours.

Methods

A systematic review was performed for reports of diagnostic accuracy of any imaging test compared to a reference standard of histopathology for T1 renal masses, from inception until January 2023. Twenty‐seven publications (including 2277 tumours in 2044 participants) were included in the systematic review, and nine in the meta‐analysis.

Results

Forest plots of sensitivity and specificity were produced for CT (seven records, 1118 participants), contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (seven records, 197 participants), [99mTc]Tc‐sestamibi SPECT/CT (five records, 263 participants), MRI (three records, 220 participants), [18F]FDG PET (four records, 43 participants), [68Ga]Ga‐PSMA‐11 PET (one record, 27 participants) and [111In]In‐girentuximab SPECT/CT (one record, eight participants). Meta‐analysis returned summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity for [99mTc]Tc‐sestamibi SPECT/CT of 88.6% (95% CI 82.7%–92.6%) and 77.0% (95% CI 63.0%–86.9%) and for [18F]FDG PET 53.5% (95% CI 1.6%–98.8%) and 62.5% (95% CI 14.0%–94.5%), respectively. A comparison hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) model did not converge. Meta‐analysis was not performed for other imaging due to different thresholds for test positivity.

Conclusion

The optimal imaging strategy for T1 renal masses is not clear. [99mTc]Tc‐sestamibi SPECT/CT is an emerging tool, but further studies are required to inform its role in clinical practice. The field would benefit from standardisation of diagnostic thresholds for CT, MRI and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound to facilitate future meta‐analyses.
An industrial perspective on metabolic responses of Penicillium chrysogenum to periodic dissolved oxygen feast‐famine cycles in a scale‐down system
Authors: Wang Xueting , Yang Qi , Haringa Cees , Wang Zejian , Chu Ju , Zhuang Yingping , Wang Guan
Published: June 2024

While traveling through different zones in large‐scale bioreactors, microbes are most likely subjected to fluctuating dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions at the timescales of global circulation time. In this study, to mimic industrial‐scale spatial DO gradients, we present a scale‐down setup based on dynamic feast/famine regime (150 s) that leads to repetitive cycles with rapid changes in DO availability in glucose‐limited chemostat cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum. Such DO feast/famine regime induced a stable and repetitive pattern with a reproducible metabolic response in time, and the dynamic response of intracellular metabolites featured specific differences in terms of both coverage and magnitude in comparison to other dynamic conditions, for example, substrate feast/famine cycles. Remarkably, intracellular sugar polyols were considerably increased as the hallmark metabolites along with a dynamic and higher redox state (NADH/NAD+) of the cytosol. Despite the increased availability of NADPH for penicillin production under the oscillatory DO conditions, this positive effect may be counteracted by the decreased ATP supply. Moreover, it is interesting to note that not only the penicillin productivity was reduced under such oscillating DO conditions, but also that of the unrecyclable byproduct ortho‐hydroxyphenyl acetic acid and degeneration of penicillin productivity. Furthermore, dynamic flux profiles showed the most pronounced variations in central carbon metabolism, amino acid (AA) metabolism, energy metabolism and fatty acid metabolism upon the DO oscillation. Taken together, the metabolic responses of P. chrysogenum to DO gradients reported here are important for elucidating metabolic regulation mechanisms, improving bioreactor design and scale‐up procedures as well as for constructing robust cell strains to cope with heterogenous industrial culture conditions.
Construction of a new lifelong education system based on vector analysis algorithms for information age services
Authors: Zhang Yongfang , Ye Hui , Chen Haijun
Published: June 2024

In today's rapidly evolving society, the establishment of a learning society is paramount. The lifelong education system (LLES) plays a crucial role in enriching individuals' intellectual and emotional landscapes, fostering continuous growth, and instilling the habit of lifelong learning. However, traditional lifelong education systems often have limitations regarding accessibility, openness, and resource‐sharing, limiting opportunities for lifelong learning and dampening enthusiasm for it. To address these limitations, it is hypothesized that integrating information technology, specifically vector analysis algorithms, into lifelong education systems can revolutionize the learning experience (LE). By leveraging the power of the internet and advanced algorithms, it is expected that a new LLES can offer a superior online learning environment, enriched resources, and intelligent data analysis capabilities, thereby facilitating more effective lifelong learning. The methodology involves the development and implementation of an information age service based on vector analysis algorithms within the lifelong education framework. This study aims to provide learners with enhanced access to high‐quality online learning resources while offering intelligent data analysis to optimize learning pathways. With the continuous development of Internet technology, information technology has been applied to various fields. Information age services (IAS) based on vector analysis algorithms (VAAs) will be combined with LLES. Technology will be utilized to the maximum to provide lifelong learners with a high‐quality online learning environment, online learning resources, and intelligent data analysis to help learners better conduct lifelong learning. Experimental results comparing the new LLES with traditional approaches demonstrated significant improvements. The new system enhanced the matching of teaching materials by 31.8%, offered a wider and more convenient learning path, and provided access to a greater variety of teaching resources. Moreover, learners using the new system exhibited an average learning increase of 7%. The integration of IAS based on VAAs into lifelong education represents a substantial advancement. This innovative approach offers superior teaching resources, educational methods, and learning opportunities, empowering individuals to embrace and sustain lifelong learning journeys more effectively in the digital age.
Research and application of digital electrical substation virtual engineering education system
Authors: Li Bai‐Lin , Ma Yun‐Fan , Zhang Chao , Chu Fan‐Wu , Chen Yu‐Rui , Quan Peng
Published: June 2024

The education and training of electrical substations play an essential role for college students and engineers majoring in electrical engineering. However, to ensure the substation's safety production and equipment operation, it is difficult for personnel from external units to enter the site for learning. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes a virtual interactive training technology method to author an interactive virtual maintenance education system (VMES) for electrical substations. The system aims to build a visual training and education platform for virtual substations to help learners master the station's equipment, operation, maintenance, evaluation, and other processes. Firstly, the system establishes a component‐level virtual interaction element to encapsulate an electrical substation virtual maintenance model that dynamically responds to user operations. The equipment structure and system environment are visually modeled using engineering modeling software. Secondly, a virtual interactive training system is created with the functions of 3D disassembly training, fault tree reliability evaluation, and AHP‐FCE maintenance assessment. Finally, through four operating systems, we evaluate the compatibility of the VMES, and we recruit learners to evaluate and discuss emerging and common educational models. The practical application results prove that the system can significantly improve students' learning efficiency and interest. Meanwhile, due to the increased number of interactive operations in VMES, participants can proficiently master the composition and working principles of equipment in substations, and cognitive load can be reduced.
Tracing the evolving dynamics and research hotspots in the kidney neoplasm and nephron sparing surgery field from the past to the new era
Authors: Yao Yuntao , Liu Yifan , Yang Tianyue , Lu Bingnan , Yang Xinyue , Zhang Haoyu , Zhao Zihui , Huang Runzhi , Zhou Wang , Pan Xiuwu , Cui Xingang
Published: June 2024

Background

With increasing detection of small renal masses and accumulating evidence that nephron sparing surgery (NSS) could achieve oncological equivalence and functional superiority compared with radical nephrectomy (RN), NSS has become first‐line therapy for some patients with localized renal masses.

Objective

This study aims to review the publications in the kidney neoplasm and NSS field, exploring the research hotspots.

Method

Kidney neoplasm and NSS related publications before July 3th 2023 were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database. We then used bibliometric analysis to conduct performance analysis, citation analysis and co‐citation network of publications, together with keyword co‐occurrence analysis.

Results

Seven thousand five hundred and sixty‐four documents were finally retrieved, and the annual publications increased exponentially. The most productive authors were “KAOUK JH” and “GILL IS”, while USA, and 12 American affiliations such as CLEVELAND CLINIC FOUNDATION and MAYO CLINIC were far leading in this field. Journal of Urology and European Urology were journals with the highest citations and h‐index.

Discussion

Through literature reviewing plus co‐occurrence and clustering analysis, the therapeutic effects of partial nephrectomy (PN) versus RN on patients with localized renal cell carcinoma, different operative approaches of PN, and conservative NSS methods were deemed as the most focused topics.

Conclusion

Three aspects were the most important hotspots in this field. Firstly, how to provide the optimal management choices for different patients. Secondly, therapeutic effects of different management options and surgical techniques needed more prospective and randomized studies. Finally, more novel technologies and surgical techniques were required.
Establishment, culture and characterization of gemcitabine hydrochloride‐resistant human non‐small cell lung carcinoma cell line derived cancer stem cells
Authors: Demir Cevizlidere Bahar , Uysal Onur , Avci Huseyin , Gunes Bagis Sibel , Semerci Sevimli Tugba , Dincer Murat , Qomi Ekenel Emilia , Kara Suleyman Gokhan , Soykan Merve Nur , Eker Sariboyaci Ayla
Published: June 2024

Due to their high expression profile of multi‐drug resistance genes, cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the main source of drug resistance. The aim of this study was to establish a gemcitabine‐hydrochloride‐resistant (rt) human non‐small cell lung cancer (hNSCLC) cell line and their CSC line to be used as disease models in various cancer studies. In the first phase of study, a gemcitabine hydrochloride‐rt hNSCLC line cells was produced by making them rt through periodic exposure to gemcitabine hydrochloride. This acquired gemcitabine‐hydrochloride‐rt hNSCLC cell line was characterized for resistance. Subsequently, a CSC population with a CD326 + CD133 + CD44+ phenotypes was immunoselectively isolated from gemcitabine hydrochloride‐rt hNSCLCs purified from a single cell by colony forming technology. This rt CSC line was characterized for both resistance and stemness. Rt and non‐rt CSCs were analyzed and compared with each other in terms of immunophenotyping the expression profiles of ALDH1, CD90, ABCG2, CD44 and MDR1, which are CSC specific markers, of demonstrating mitotic capacity with growth curve analysis and of their ability to form tumor spheroids in three different 3D cultures. The results of this study demonstrated for the first time the successful generation of both gemcitabine‐hydrochloride‐rt hNSCLC cells and CSCs derived from gemcitabine‐hydrochloride‐rt hNSCLC cells. It was also shown that isolated and characterized rt CSCs could proliferate and form tumor spheres in vitro using three different 3D in vitro techniques. It was shown that the cell surface markers CD326, CD133 and CD44 can serve as an antibody panel for CSCs.
Synergistic effects of glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor and base‐medium on in vitro culture of testicular tissue derived from prepubertal collared peccary
Authors: Silva Andreia Maria da , Pereira Ana Glória , Bezerra Luana Graziele Pereira , Brasil Andreza Vieira , Pereira Alexsandra Fernandes , de Oliveira Moacir Franco , Rodrigues Ana Paula Ribeiro , Ñaupas Lucy Vanessa Sulca , Comizzoli Pierre , Silva Alexandre Rodrigues
Published: June 2024

We evaluated the influence of different media plus various concentrations of Glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) during the in vitro culture (IVC) of testicular tissues from prepubertal collared peccary. Testes from 5 individuals were collected, fragmented and cultured for 28 days (34°C and 5% CO2). Culture media were Dulbecco's modified essential medium (DMEM) or stem cell serum free media (StemPro‐34™ SFM), both supplemented with various concentrations of GDNF (0, 10, or 20 ng/mL). Fragments were cultured on the flat surface of 0.75% agarose gel and were evaluated every 7 days for fragment area, histomorphology, cellular viability, and proliferative activity. Data were expressed as mean ± standard error and analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis's and Tukey test. Fragments area decreased over the 28 days‐culture, regardless of the treatment. For morphology, the StemPro‐37 SFM medium plus 10 ng/mL GDNF provided higher scores at all time points in comparison to DMEM using any GDNF concentration (p < .05). After 28 days, similar cellular viability (~70%) was observed in all treatments (p > .05). For proliferating cell nuclear antigen assay, only DMEM plus 10 ng/mL GDNF improved (p < .05) cellular proliferation on Days 14 and 28. Looking at argyrophilic nucleolar organizing regions, after 28 days, there were no differences among treatments regarding cell proliferative capacity for both spermatogonia and Sertoli cells (p > .05). In summary, the DMEM and StemPro‐34 SFM are adequate medium for IVC of prepubertal peccary testicular tissue. Supplementation with GDNF, especially at a 10 ng/mL concentration, appears to be essential for the maintenance of cell survival and proliferation.
Surface charge, but not size, of liposomes is involved in the suppression of rat basophilic leukemia (RBL‐2H3) cell degranulation mediated by Akt phosphorylation
Authors: Inoh Yoshikazu , Ito Nanami , Yokawa Satoru , Suzuki Ruriko , Furuno Tadahide
Published: June 2024

Cationic liposomes composed of cholesteryl‐3β‐carboxyamidoethylene‐N‐hydroxyethylamine (OH‐chol) and 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) inhibit mast cell degranulation mediated via crosslinking of high‐affinity IgE receptors (FcεRI). Although the inhibitory efficiency of mast cell degranulation is altered by modifying the ratio of OH‐chol and DOPE in cationic liposomes, the manner in which physicochemical properties, such as surface charge and size, influence suppression is not clear. We observed that positive surface charge, but not the size, of liposomes plays a role in suppressing rat basophilic leukemia (RBL‐2H3) cell activation. Pretreatment with middle‐ratio OH‐chol liposomes (zeta potential, 62.2 ± 0.5 mV; diameter, 325.4 ± 7.3 nm) exhibited a larger suppression of RBL‐2H3 cell degranulation evoked by FcεRI crosslinking compared with that by low‐ratio OH‐chol liposomes (zeta potential, 48.6 ± 1.9 mV; diameter, 344.4 ± 25.0 nm), although both liposomes were similarly attached to RBL‐2H3 cells. Preparation of middle‐ratio OH‐chol liposomes, classified roughly by size using an extrusion method, revealed that the liposomal size did not affect the inhibitory efficiency of RBL‐2H3 cell activation. Mechanistically, we found that middle‐ratio OH‐chol liposomes increased the inhibition of antigen‐induced Akt phosphorylation compared to low‐ratio OH‐chol liposomes. We measured the phosphorylation of linker for activation of T cells (LAT) and paxillin, which are important proteins in FcεRI‐ and focal adhesions (FAs)‐mediated signaling, respectively. Middle ratio OH‐chol liposomes significantly suppressed antigen‐induced paxillin phosphorylation, but did not affect LAT phosphorylation, suggesting that middle‐ratio OH‐chol liposomes attached to RBL‐2H3 cells suppress the degranulation by impairing FA‐mediated Akt phosphorylation evoked by FcεRI crosslinking.
Endoscopic trans‐canal facial nerve decompression in Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome: A novel approach
Authors: Asghari Alimohamad , Nasoori Yaser , Daneshi Ahmad , Kianiasiabar Mojgan , Dehghani Firouzabadi Fatemeh
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical Message

Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome can cause recurring bilateral facial paralysis. When steroids fail, surgical decompression of facial nerve is recommended, with endoscopic trans‐canal decompression as a safe, minimally invasive, and effective option.

Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) is a rare neuro‐mucocutaneous disorder, clinically diagnosed by a triad of orofacial swelling, recurrent facial palsy, and fissured tongue. Due to the lack of a comprehensive understanding of MRS, there is no accepted standard of care. In this study we report a 30‐year‐old female patient, who was referred to the otolaryngology clinic of Rasool Akram Hospital, with classical triad of MRS that was managed by endoscopic trans‐canal facial nerve decompression. Bilateral endoscopic trans‐canal facial nerve decompression was done when we did not find any improvement with systemic steroids. Endoscopic trans‐canal facial nerve decompression could be a safe, reliable minimal invasive treatment of facial paralysis in MRS patients. It needs no external incision or temporal bone drilling which makes this method more convenient for patients with shorter recovery time.
Basilar artery fenestration in migraine patient
Authors: Rahangdale Aneesh , Kurako Kateryna
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical Message

Basilar artery fenestration should be considered in migraine patients, especially with a cerebrovascular family history, necessitating annual magnetic resonance imaging/angiography (MRI/MRA) monitoring and careful assessment of birth control regimens to mitigate risks.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Enabled Functionalization of Inert C(Sp3)−H Bonds via Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) Processes
Authors: Lu Fengfei , Su Fen , Pan Shijie , Wu Xiuli , Wu Xingxing , Chi Yonggui Robin
Published: June 2024

Developing methods to directly transform C(sp3) −H bonds is crucial in synthetic chemistry due to their prevalence in various organic compounds. While conventional protocols have largely relied on transition metal catalysis, recent advancements in organocatalysis, particularly with radical NHC catalysis have sparked interest in the direct functionalization of “inert” C(sp3) −H bonds for cross C−C coupling with carbonyl moieties. This strategy involves selective cleavage of C(sp3) −H bonds to generate key carbon radicals, often achieved via hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) processes. By leveraging the bond dissociation energy (BDE) and polarity effects, HAT enables the rapid functionalization of diverse C(sp3)−H substrates, such as ethers, amines, and alkanes. This mini‐review summarizes the progress in carbene organocatalytic functionalization of inert C(sp3)−H bonds enabled by HAT processes, categorizing them into two sections: 1) C−H functionalization involving acyl azolium intermediates; and 2) functionalization of C−H bonds via reductive Breslow intermediates.
Synthesis and Characterization of Cu@Hal, an Effective Heterogeneous Catalyst for Aqueous Multicomponent Azide‐Alkyne [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Diehl Brooke N. , Hamdi Jumanah , Do Janelle , Cruz Loandi , Spengeman Marisa , Fronczek Frank R. , Trudell Mark L.
Published: June 2024

The synthesis of a nanocomposite material consisting of Cu nanoparticles encapsulated in halloysite nanotubes (Cu@Hal) was achieved by the reduction of Cu(NO3)2 ⋅ 3H2O with sodium ascorbate/sodium borohydride in an aqueous suspension of trisodium citrate and halloysite. The nanocomposite was found to be an effective heterogeneous catalyst for the multicomponent copper catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC). A variety of terminal alkynes reacted with benzyl halides and sodium azide in the presence of Cu@Hal in water. In situ formation of the organic azides afforded the corresponding 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles regioselectivily, in excellent yields. The catalyst was easily recovered and recycled without loss of activity with low metal leaching.
Aging‐Related CYP3A Functional Changes in Chinese Older Patients: New Findings from Model‐Based Assessment of Amlodipine
Authors: Valerie Sia Jie En , Lai Xuan , Mak Wen Yao , Wu Xinyi , Zhang Fan , Cui Cheng , Liu Dongyang , Xiang Xiaoqiang
Published: June 2024

Aging‐related alterations in hepatic enzyme activity, particularly of the CYP3A, significantly impact drug efficacy and safety in older adults, making it essential to understand how aging affects CYP function for optimal drug therapy. The exogenous probe substrate method, a minimally invasive approach to assess liver metabolic enzyme activity in vivo, is effective in studying these changes. Amlodipine being extensively metabolized (> 90%) in the liver, primarily via cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP3A was selected as a probe to investigate and quantify the factors affecting the aging‐related changes of CYP3A in the Chinese older population. Amlodipine concentration data were collected from an ongoing noninterventional clinical study conducted at Peking University Third Hospital. A physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic modeling approach, grounded in population pharmacokinetic (PPK) analysis, was employed to physiologically quantify the aging‐related changes in CYP3A function. A total of 132 amlodipine concentrations from 69 patients were obtained from the clinical study. PPK analysis shows that frailty phenotype but not age is a significant influence and frail patients have 37% greater plasma amlodipine exposure than nonfrail patients. This difference in CYP3A function may be attributed to a 63.2% lower CYP3A relative abundance in the frail patients, compared with that in the nonfrail patients. In the context of dose selection for older adults, focusing on frailty rather than chronological age should be recognized as a more relevant approach, because frailty might more accurately reflect the individual's biological age. Our study suggested a need to shift the research focus from chronological age to biological age.
Encapsulating Nickel‐Iron Alloy Nanoparticles in a Polysilazane‐Derived Microporous Si−C−O−N‐Based Support to Stimulate Superior OER Activity
Authors: Miled Marwan Ben , Fradin Marina , Benbakoura Nora , Mazière Laetitia , Rousseau Julie , Bouzid Assil , Carles Pierre , Iwamoto Yuji , Masson Olivier , Habrioux Aurélien , Bernard Samuel
Published: June 2024

The in situ confinement of nickel (Ni)‐iron (Fe) nanoparticles (NPs) in a polymer‐derived microporous silicon carboxynitride (Si−C−O−N)‐based support is investigated to stimulate superior oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity in an alkaline media. Firstly, we consider a commercial polysilazane (PSZ) and Ni and Fe chlorides to be mixed in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) and deliver after overnight solvent reflux a series of Ni−Fe : organosilicon coordination polymers. The latter are then heat‐treated at 500 °C in flowing argon to form the title compounds. By considering a Ni : Fe ratio of 1.5, face centred cubic (fcc) NixFey alloy NPs with a size of 15–30 nm are in situ generated in a porous Si−C−O−N‐based matrix displaying a specific surface area (SSA) as high as 237 m2 ⋅ g−1. Hence, encapsulated NPs are rendered accessible to promote electrocatalytic water oxidation. An OER overpotential as low as 315 mV at 10 mA ⋅ cm−2 is measured. This high catalytic performance (considering that the metal mass loading is as low as 0.24 mg cm−2) is rather stable as observed after an activation step; thus, validating our synthesis approach. This is clearly attributed to both the strong NP‐matrix interaction and the confinement effect of the matrix as highlighted through post mortem microscopy observations.
Polybenzimidazole‐Reinforced Terphenylene Anion Exchange Water Electrolysis Membranes
Authors: Gentile Rossana , Zignani Sabrina C. , Zatoń Marta , Dupont Marc , Lecœur Frédéric , Donzel Nicolas , Amel Alina , Tal‐Gutelmacher Ervin , Salanitro Angela , Aricó Antonino S. , Cavaliere Sara , Jones Deborah J. , Rozière Jacques
Published: June 2024

Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) for hydrogen production combines the advantages of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis and alkaline water electrolysis. Several strategies have been adopted to improve the performance of AEMWE and to obtain membranes with high hydroxide ion conductivity, low gas permeation, and high durability. In this work AEMs reinforced with poly[2,2’‐(p‐oxydiphenylene)‐5,5’‐benzimidazole] (PBIO) polymer fibres have been developed. A fibre web of PBIO prepared by electrospinning was impregnated into the poly(terphenylene) mTPN ionomer. The membranes are strengthened by the formation of a strong surface interaction between the reinforcement and the ionomer and by the expansion of the reinforcement over the membrane thickness. The hydroxide ion conductivity, thermal stability, dimensional swelling, mechanical properties, and hydrogen crossover of the reinforced membranes were compared with the characteristics of the non‐reinforced counterpart. The incorporation of PBIO nanofibre reinforcement into the membrane reduced hydrogen crossover and improved tensile properties, without affecting hydroxide conductivity. PBIO‐reinforced mTPN membrane was assessed in a PGM‐free 5 cm2 AEMWE single cell using NiFe oxide anode and NiMo cathode catalysts, at a cell temperature of 50 °C and with 1 M KOH fed to the anode. The performance of the cell increased continuously over the 260 hours test period, reaching 2.06 V at 1.0 A cm−2.
Inhibiting the cGAS‐STING pathway in myeloid cells effectively improves myocardial healing related to TET2 deficiency‐induced DNA damage response
Authors: Dou Yaling , Zhang Yan , Rivera Logan , Hong Tingting , Fang Shaohai , Tran Thuy Tien , Zhou Yubin , Martin James F. , Huang Yun
Published: June 2024

Background

Myeloid cells play critical roles in the regulation of myocardial injury and repair. Clonal hematopoiesis (CH)‐related mutations in genes, such as Ten‐eleven Translocation 2 (TET2), can impair myeloid cells and are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). How Tet2 loss‐of‐function (LOF) impacts myeloid cells and disrupts normal myocardial repair remains unclear.

Methods

We established ischemia‐induced myocardial infarction (MI) in a myeloid‐specific Tet2‐deficient mouse model. The echocardiographic assessment was conducted to evaluate the cardiac function. Histological analysis was performed to evaluate morphological changes in infarcted areas and fibrosis. To monitor the dynamic changes of myeloid cells in cardiac tissues during cardiac remodeling after MI, we performed longitudinal analysis on subsets of myeloid cells using flow cytometry. We performed immunofluorescence (IF) staining to examine the DNA damage and genome instability caused by Tet2 LOF. Gene expression was assessed by real‐time qRT‐PCR. Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) pathway activation was assessed using various methods, including Western blotting, flow cytometry, ELISA and IF staining of key signaling proteins involved in this pathway. Additionally, H‐151 was used as a pharmacological tool to antagonize augmented STING activation in the murine MI model.

Results

We observed a substantial increase of neutrophils in the post‐MI mice, which contributes to adverse outcomes during heart repair. Mechanistically, Tet2‐deficient myeloid cells exhibited increased genome instability, accompanied with augmented activation of the STING pathway. Furthermore, the use of H‐151 a covalent STING binder that targets the cysteine residue at position 91 and functions as a potent STING antagonist, led to a substantial decrease in neutrophil populations in Tet2‐deficient mice following myocardial infarction, thereby reversing adverse cardiac outcomes.

Conclusion

Our novel findings establish the rationale for targeting the cGAS‐STING pathway as a promising therapeutic strategy to mitigate cardiovascular disease risk in individuals with clonal hematopoiesis harboring TET2 loss‐of‐function mutations.

Highlights

Myeloid‐specific Tet2 depletion promotes neutrophil expansion upon myocardium infarction (MI);

Tet2‐deficient myeloid cells exhibit increased genome instability and cGAS‐STING overactivation;

STING antagonist H‐151 treatment reduces neutrophil expansion in Tet2‐deficient mice after MI and mitigates deleterious cardiac outcomes.
TOMM40 and APOC1 variants differentiate the impacts of the APOE ε4 allele on Alzheimer's disease risk across sexes, ages, and ancestries
Authors: Kulminski Alexander M. , Jain‐Washburn Ethan , Philipp Ian , Loika Yury , Loiko Elena , Culminskaya Irina
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION

The variability in apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4‐attributed susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease (AD) across ancestries, sexes, and ages may stem from the modulating effects of other genetic variants.

METHODS

We examined associations of compound genotypes (CompGs) comprising the ε4‐encoding rs429358, TOMM40 rs2075650, and APOC1 rs12721046 polymorphisms with AD in White (7181/16,356 AD‐affected/unaffected), Hispanic/Latino (2305/2921), and Black American (547/1753) participants across sexes and ages.

RESULTS

The absence and presence of the rs2075650 and/or rs12721046 minor alleles in the ε4‐bearing CompGs define lower‐ and higher‐AD‐risk profiles, respectively, in White participants. They differentially impact AD risks in men and women of different ancestries, exhibiting an increasing, decreasing, flat, and nonlinear—with lower risks at ages younger than 65/70 years and older than 85 years compared to the ages in between—patterns across ages.

DISCUSSION

The ε4‐bearing CompGs have a potential to differentiate biological mechanisms of sex‐, age‐, and ancestry‐specific AD risks and serve as AD biomarkers.

Highlights

Younger White women carrying the lower‐risk (LR) CompG are at small risk of AD.

Black carriers of the LR CompG are at negligible risk of AD at 85 years and older.

The higher‐risk (HR) CompGs confer high AD risk in Whites and Blacks at 70 to 85 years.

AD risk decreases with age for Hispanic/Lation women carrying the HR CompGs.

Hispanic/Lation carriers of the LR CompG but not HR CompGs have higher AD risk than Blacks.
Early‐phase amyloid PET reproduces metabolic signatures of cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Aye William W. T. , Stark Megan R. , Horne Kyla‐Louise , Livingston Leslie , Grenfell Sophie , Myall Daniel J. , Pitcher Toni L. , Almuqbel Mustafa M. , Keenan Ross J. , Meissner Wassilios G. , Dalrymple‐Alford John C. , Anderson Tim J. , Heron Campbell Le , Melzer Tracy R.
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION

Recent work suggests that amyloid beta (Aβ) positron emission tomography (PET) tracer uptake shortly after injection (“early phase”) reflects brain metabolism and perfusion. We assessed this modality in a predominantly amyloid‐negative neurodegenerative condition, Parkinson's disease (PD), and hypothesized that early‐phase 18F‐florbetaben (eFBB) uptake would reproduce characteristic hypometabolism and hypoperfusion patterns associated with cognitive decline in PD.

METHODS

One hundred fifteen PD patients across the spectrum of cognitive impairment underwent dual‐phase Aβ PET, structural and arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and neuropsychological assessments. Multiple linear regression models compared eFBB uptake to cognitive performance and ASL MRI perfusion.

RESULTS

Reduced eFBB uptake was associated with cognitive performance in brain regions previously linked to hypometabolism‐associated cognitive decline in PD, independent of amyloid status. Furthermore, eFBB uptake correlated with cerebral perfusion across widespread regions.

DISCUSSION

EFBB uptake is a potential surrogate measure for cerebral perfusion/metabolism. A dual‐phase PET imaging approach may serve as a clinical tool for assessing cognitive impairment.

Highlights

Images taken at amyloid beta (Aβ) positron emission tomography tracer injection may reflect brain perfusion and metabolism.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a predominantly amyloid‐negative condition.

Early‐phase florbetaben (eFBB) in PD was associated with cognitive performance.

eFBB uptake reflects hypometabolism‐related cognitive decline in PD.

eFBB correlated with arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging measured cerebral perfusion.

eFBB distinguished dementia from normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment.

Findings were independent of late‐phase Aβ burden.

Thus, eFBB may serve as a surrogate measure for brain metabolism/perfusion.
Assessing leaf physiological traits in response to flooding among dominant riparian herbs along the Three Gorges Dam in China
Authors: Liu Xiaolin , Arif Muhammad , Zheng Jie , Wu Yuanyuan , Chen Yangyi , Gao Jie , Liu Junchen , Changxiao Li
Published: June 2024

Dams worldwide have significantly altered the composition of riparian forests. However, research on the functional traits of dominant herbs experiencing flooding stress due to dam impoundment remains limited. Given the high plasticity of leaf traits and their susceptibility to environmental influences, this study focuses on riparian herbs along the Three Gorges Hydro‐Fluctuation Zone (TGHFZ). Specifically, it investigates how six leaf physiological traits of leading herbs—carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and their stoichiometric ratios—adapt to periodic flooding in the TGHFZ using cluster analysis, one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), multiple comparisons, Pearson correlation analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA). We categorized 25 dominant herb species into three plant functional types (PFTs), noting that species from the same family tended to fall into the same PFT. Notably, leaf carbon content (LCC) exhibited no significant differences across various PFTs or altitudes. Within riparian forests, different PFTs employ distinct adaptation strategies: PFT‐I herbs invest in structural components to enhance stress resistance; PFT‐II, mostly comprising gramineous plants, responds to prolonged flooding by rapid growth above the water; and PFT‐III, encompassing nearly all Compositae and annual plants, responds to prolonged flooding with vigorous rhizome growth and seed production. Soil water content (SWC) emerges as the primary environmental factor influencing dominant herb growth in the TGHFZ. By studying the response of leaf physiological traits in dominant plants to artificial flooding, we intend to reveal the survival mechanisms of plants under adverse conditions and lay the foundation for vegetation restoration in the TGHFZ.