bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coffee and cocoa dissemination through information and communication technology (ICT) during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Ramadhani Alvin Rizki , Hartatri Diany Faila Sophia , Akbar Sholahuddin
Published: September 2021

Digital transformation and COVID-19 pandemics have changed human behaviour in their interactions. Virtual communication has become a new behaviour in this era. Indonesia Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI) held Puslitkoka Webinar Series as part of digital transformation in the dissemination. This research discusses the effectiveness of virtual learning through webinars for disseminating coffee and cocoa innovation and technologies. This research applied a purposive method to the participants of the Puslitkoka Webinar Series. Data collection was conducted from February until May 2021 by a survey with 241 respondents. The research result showed that: 1) expectation attribute was 87.82%, meaning met their expectation, 2) the satisfaction attribute was very good (90.79%), 3) the attributes of the participants' desire to take part in the next webinar is great desire (93.03%), 4) participants were very eagerly (87.88%) to share webinar to their colleagues, 5) participants were very eagerly (91.12%) to recommend the webinar to their colleagues, 6) participants were very interested (90.46%) in participating in technology dissemination activities through webinars, and 7) participants' interest in technology dissemination directly (face-to-face) was lower than interest in webinars, but was still very interested (83.65%). Puslitkoka Webinar Series as a hub of coffee and cocoa dissemination.
Feasibility of biogas as a green energy source in the central part of South Sulawesi
Authors: Abbas  , Wahyuni Ayusari , Fuadi Nurul , Syafar A. Muhammad
Published: September 2021

The goal of this work is the feasibility of biogas as a green energy source produced from organic matter from ruminants, equine and farming activities in the central part of South Sulawesi. The study was conducted with survey and laboratory analysis to calculate the number of ruminants, corn, and rice stalk using supporting data from the South Sulawesi Statistics office. Amounts of 84,567, 112,915, and 3,579 ruminants have been raised in Maros, Gowa, and Makassar, respectively. While 6,757, 9,529, and 50 monogastric are raised in Maros, Gowa, and Makassar. Corn and rice stalks were produced 465,878.06 tons year-1 in Gowa and Maros. Every cattle and equine can produce feces up to 25 kg day-1 and 30 kg day-1, daily feces production equals 2,316,885; 3,108,745; and 90,975 kg day-1 in Maros, Gowa, and Makassar, respectively. These waste products can be converted to biogas as source of green energy with a total yield of 667,752,675,489.20 x 103 cc. Its production ratio is 1 kg dry matter: 1,051.3-liter biogas for beef feces and 1 kg dry matter: 3,980-liter biogas for equine feces and corn and rice stalks can be applied as organic fertilizer as a significant factor in anaerobic fermentation of biogas production.
Assessment of highland rice varieties with high yielding and early maturing at Kerinci
Authors: Hendri Jon , Putra Endi , Busyra BS
Published: September 2021

Rice varieties with high production and early age in the highlands paddy fields have not much breeding results. Rice production is affected by low temperature and humidity. This study aimed to obtain high yielding and early maturing rice varieties among several varieties cultivated at Kerinci. This research was conducted on paddy fields in Kerinci Jambi district with an altitude of 800-950 meter above sea level. Time series were carried out from 2017, 2018, 2019 using the adaptive highland rice varieties Inpari 28 Kerinci, Sarinah, Inpari 30 and Inpari 32 cropping systems jajar legowo. The results showed that the Inpari 28 Kerinci variety had a production 7.46 t ha-1 followed by Sarinah 6.83 then Inpari 30 as much as 6.47 t ha-1 and Inpari 32 as much as 6.17 t ha-1. Inpari 28 Kerinci variety and shorter maturity with a harvest age of 96-105 days after transplanting.
Assessment of water management technology on rice productivity on iron poisoning rice fields in Jambi
Authors: Saidi Busyra B. , Hendri Jon , Suratman
Published: September 2021

The study of “Water Management Technology Against Rice Productivity in New wetland Openings of Iron Poisoning Rice” was carried out in Betara District, West Tanjung Jabung Regency from April to October 2018. The research used a randomized block design (RBD) with four replications. The treatment consisted of four intervals of providing irrigation water, namely; (CI) Continuous irrigation, (DWI1) Dry wet irrigation (DWI) 5 day intervals from 1 week to 7 weeks after planting (WAP), (DWI2) DWI with 7 days interval from 1 week to 7 WAP, and (DWI3) DWI 7 days interval from 1 WAP to 65 days after planting (DAP) and inundation 15 days before harvest (DBH). Fertilizer recommendations based on soil nutrient status as a result of analysis with the Swamp Soil Test Kit (SSTK), namely 1.0 tonnes / ha lime, 75 kg ha-1 Urea (basic fertilizer) then based on LCC, 150 kg ha-1 SP 36 (given entirely at planting time) and 125 kg ha-1 KCl (1/3 part at planting, 1/3 part at 3-4 WAP and 1/3 part at plant age 6-7 WAP. Result showed the water supply interval significantly affects the growth and production of rice, the highest yield is obtained with a 7 day water supply interval from 1 to 7 WAP, with rice production 4,29 tonnes ha-1, whereas with the provision of water from 1 WAP until just before harvest, the rice production was 2.06 tonnes ha-1.
Development planning ranch area based on the potential of feeding ruminants in Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Rahmah Farida Firda , Rahly Fawwa , Yusriani Yenni
Published: September 2021

The research objectives were: (1) to determine which ruminants could be developed based on regional resource support; and (2) to identify the potential of agricultural waste to support livestock development in Pidie Regency, Aceh. This research used descriptive and exploratory methods. The descriptive method described the condition of development of potential forage areas in the Pidie district. The population data for large ruminants was calculated based on the population structure of production (weaning, young, adult, and imported cattle). Furthermore, the population based on age was converted into Animal Unit (AU). The results found that the Pidie regency had the potential for livestock development. The sub-districts of Padang Tiji had an ample opportunity as producer of rice farming waste with a total of 4,734.80 tonnes/year, maize 81.3; cassava 12.5; soybean 4.95; green beans 1.37 and peanuts 0.822 DDM tonnes/year. The potential that had not been utilized was 4,241.57 tonnes/year and has a capacity of 3,720.68 (ST/year), followed by Sakti district and Mutiara Timur districts. The conclusion showed Pidie Regency can increase the population of ruminants by increasing the benefits of feed from agricultural waste.
Effect of high crude fibre feed towards digestive tract characteristics of crossbreed native chicken
Authors: Pujiawati Yusti , Parwati Ida Ayu Putu , Suyasa I Nyoman
Published: September 2021

This research was aimed to evaluate the use of high crude fibre feed on the characteristic of the native chicken digestive tracts. The research was conducted in Tembuku District, Bangli Regency in April-August 2020. There were four treatments starter diets included P0 (control), P1 (70% control feed+30% rice bran), P2 (70% control feed+30%+ Bio B 2cc/l drinking water), P3 (60% control feed+10% Indigofera meal+30% rice bran), while four treatment grower diet included P0 (25% control feed+35% rice bran+40% corn), P1 (15% control feed+35% rice bran+10% Indigofera meal+40% corn), P2 (15% control feed+35% rice bran+10% Indigofera meal+40% corn+2cc/l Bio-B), and P3 (22% control feed+31.5% rice bran+10% Indigofera meal+36.5% corn). The variables observed included final body weight, digestive tract weight, and digestive tract length. A factorial randomized block design was used in this study with univariate analysis and further Duncan test. This study showed that high crude fibre feed affected the digestive tract, such as the weight of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, liver, pancreas, proventriculus. This also occurred in the parameters of the length of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon.
Soybean as ground cover plant and intercrop in immature oil palm plantation
Authors: Yuliani Nurmili , Sabur Abdul , Napisah Khairatun
Published: September 2021

One of the solutions to fulfil the demand is optimizing large area of land between oil palm before the fused canopy. This study aimed to determine the potential of soybean as ground cover plant and intercrop in immature oil palm plantation and to obtain the information on soybean varieties that have been developed as added value for farmers income (RC ratio). The study was conducted in Tanah Laut district, South Kalimantan province. The treatments used a new superior variety namely Anjasmoro, Dena 1 and Grobogan. As ground cover plant, soybean was planted when oil palm plantation was under 3.5 years. The result showed that using recommended fertilizers 40 days after planting, soybean has been able to cover 98%, 95%, and 93%. Until the 50th day, the ground will be covered 100%. Whereas using fertilizers done by farmers, the land cover was 93%, 94%, and 93%, and on the 50th day, it also reached 100%. The result of an economic analysis based on the R/C was profitable with the value of 1.42 by applying fertilizer according to cropping calendar recomendations.
The challenges of integrated farming system development towards sustainable agriculture in Indonesia
Authors: Nababan Febrina Elia , Regina Dewi
Published: September 2021

This study was aimed to determine the challenges of developing an Integrated Farming System (IFS). IFS is one of the solutions for agricultural development in Indonesia by integrating agriculture, livestock, fisheries, forestry and other sciences related to agriculture. It is expected to be able to increased land productivity. This research was conducted with a comparative study from various countries such as Brazil, India, US, sub-Saharan Africa countries regarding development issues, implementation, and constraints that occur in an IFS. The method of study is literature study. The results of the study show that the implementation of the IFS system poses various challenges, including: a) lack of understanding of farmers towards IFS, b) limited ability of farmers to utilize agricultural technology and c) financial support. However, IFS can increase agricultural food security and increased farmer welfare and expand employment. The implementation of IFS requires government support to create opportunities to increase farm scale in line with farmers’ income.
Wool characteristics of Batur sheep in Banjarnegara District, Central Java
Authors: Tiesnamurti Bess , Teresia Gresy Eva , Zuratih
Published: September 2021

The study's objective was to investigate the different types of coat cover from Batur sheep of Banjarnegara district in Central Java using 113 sheep belongs to 13 people member of Mulya Jaya farmers group. Sheep were raised at the centre of horticulture at the Batur-Dieng plateau. The main vegetable type planted in the area were carrot, potato and cabbage. The variables observed in the study were wool cover (score 1-9), the length of wool (cm), breed, sex, age and sheep body weight (kg). The data were analyzed using a general linear model, with the dependent variable were body weight and wool length whereas the independent variable were sex, location of the study, farmers, breed, sex and age. The result showed that 77.9% of sheep has wool distribution (score =0), most of the sheep (98.2%) has white color and only very small percentage has black, brown color. The average body weight and wool length of Batur sheep was 41.4 kg (range 15-97 kg) and 6.97 cm (range 4-17 cm), respectively, and there was a significant (P<0.05) influence of farmers, breed, sex and age. The Batur sheep is a wool type sheep and still maintain the characteristic of merino sheep.
Influence of Footwear on Posture and Comfort in Elite Rugby
Players
Authors: Blanchard Sylvain , Bellaïche Laurence , Kuliberda Zbigniew , Behr Michel
Published: September 2021

Influence of footwear on posture in athletes is poorly documented despite its
potential impact on biomechanics and injury risk. The aim of this study was
to investigate effects of different footwear geometries on comfort and
posture on a cohort of 48 elite rugby players. Spine posture was
characterized by photogrammetry, while center of pressure was measured by
means of a force platform. Three different footwear outsoles architectures
(one rugby shoe with flat outsole, one rugby shoe with a 10 mm heel
rise and foot arch support, and a running shoe with a 10mm heel rise and
foot arch support) were compared to non-shod in randomized order. Then
comfort felt at the level of foot and spine was also estimated by subjective
questionnaires. Compared to the flat rugby model, both other models induced
significantly (p<0.05) greater comfort at the level of foot and
spine, a slight shift toward of center of pressure and a spinal posture
closer to that observed when non-shod. The footwear geometry influences
comfort and posture at the level of the foot as well as spine and should be
considered in a dual purpose of injury prevention and performance.
Unsere PatientInnen mit Adipositas. Multimodale Therapie –
Von der Theorie in die Praxis: Ein Update
Authors: Landsberg Beate
Published: September 2021

Unter der wissenschaftlichen Leitung von Martina de Zwaan, Hannover, und
Jürgen Stein, Frankfurt am Main, fand Ende Juni die
Veranstaltung „Unsere PatientInnen mit Adipositas. Multimodale Therapie
– Von der Theorie in die Praxis: Ein Update“ statt. Veranstaltet
wurde die Fortbildung vom Kompetenznetz Adipositas e.V. in Kooperation mit der
Deutschen Adipositas-Gesellschaft e.V. Neben aktuellen wissenschaftlichen
Erkenntnissen aus der konservativen Adipositastherapie wurden auch
medikamentöse und chirurgische Behandlungsansätze diskutiert.
Abgerundet wurde die Veranstaltung durch eine Podiumsdiskussion mit ExpertInnen
verschiedener Disziplinen.
Kolorektales Karzinom
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: September 2021

Nach einem kolorektalen Karzinom beeinflusst eine gesunde Ernährung das krankheitsspezifische Überleben und die Mortalität positiv. Leitlinien empfehlen deshalb ausdrücklich eine Kost mit viel Obst, Gemüse und Vollkorn. Die Adhärenz der Patienten ist jedoch gering. Die Pilotstudie SUCCEED (Survivor Choices for Eating and Drinking) zeigte die Praktikabilität eines Internet- und Mobil-basierten Programms, aber auch noch Nachbesserungsbedarf.
COVID-19 und Adipositas – Daten, potenzielle Mechanismen und klinische Implikationen
Authors: Ernst Barbara , Meyhöfer Sebastian M. , Schultes Bernd
Published: September 2021

Durch die systematische Analyse klinischer Daten konnte bereits sehr früh während der Corona Pandemie Adipositas als ein wesentlicher Risikofaktor für einen schweren COVID-19 Verlauf identifiziert werden. Als potenziell zugrundeliegende Mechanismen werden verschiedenen pathophysiologische Aspekte wie bspw. das Vorliegen von Komorbiditäten, immunologische Dysfunktionen sowie Störungen im Gerinnungssystem diskutiert. Auch könnten für Menschen mit ausgeprägter Adipositas unzureichende medizinische Versorgungsstrukturen das Risiko für einen schweren COVID-19 Verlauf erhöhen. Wir möchten hier das zu dem Thema COVID-19 und Adipositas aktuell verfügbare Wissen zusammenfassen und die sich daraus ergebenden klinischen Implikationen diskutieren.
Die intraoperative Faszikel-topografische Elektromyografie in der peripheren Nervenchirurgie – Übersichtsarbeit und Fallbeispiele
Authors: Frueh Florian Samuel , Labèr Raffael , Schiller Andreas , Guidi Marco , Besmens Inga Swantje , Calcagni Maurizio , Giovanoli Pietro
Published: September 2021

In der peripheren Nervenchirurgie ist die intraoperative Beurteilung eines pathologischen Nervensegmentes von zentraler Bedeutung. Mittels verschiedener Methoden kann die Vitalität eines Nervs beurteilt und zwischen alleiniger Neurolyse oder Resektion und Nervenrekonstruktion entschieden werden. Neben Nervenmorphologie, intraoperativer Schnellschnittdiagnostik und einfacher Nervenstimulation ist die intraoperative Elektrophysiologie ein wertvolles Instrument des Nervenchirurgen.
Ziel dieser apparativen Diagnostik ist das Erfassen objektiver Parameter, welche die Funktion peripherer Nerven dokumentieren. Die intraoperative Elektroneurografie erlaubt die Ableitung eines Nervenaktionspotentials über einem pathologisch veränderten Nervensegment und ist seit vielen Jahren etabliert. Im Gegensatz dazu wird die intraoperative Nadel-Elektromyografie in der peripheren Nervenchirurgie noch kaum benutzt, obwohl sie interessante Vorteile mit sich bringt. Sie kann
sowohl bei der Selektion geeigneter Faszikel für motorische Neurotisationen als auch bei der Faszikel-topografischen Ableitung von Kontinuitätsneuromen wertvolle Zusatzinformationen generieren. Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit fasst die Möglichkeiten der intraoperativen Elektromyografie anhand von Fallbeispielen aus der Traumatologie und Tumorchirurgie zusammen.
Endurance Exercise Training reduces Blood Pressure according to the
Wilder’s Principle
Authors: Mora-Rodriguez Ricardo , Ortega Juan Fernando , Morales-Palomo Felix , Ramirez-Jimenez Miguel , Moreno-Cabañas Alfonso , Alvarez-Jimenez Laura
Published: September 2021

The effect of antihypertensive medicine (AHM) is larger the higher the
pre-treatment blood pressure level. It is unknown whether this Wilder’s
principle, also applies for the exercise-training blood pressure (BP) lowering
effect. One hundred seventy-eight (n=178) middle-aged individuals
(55±8 y) with metabolic syndrome (MetS), underwent high
intensity interval training (3 days·week–1) for 16
weeks. Participants were divided into medicated (Med; n=103) or not
medicated (No Med; n=75) with AHM. Office BP was evaluated before and
after the exercise-training. Correlations and stepwise regression analysis were
used to determine which variable better predicted the reductions in systolic BP
(SBP) with training. After training, participants with hypertension lowered SBP
by a similar magnitude regardless of if they were in the Med
(–15 mmHg, 95% CI–12,–19;
P<0.001) or No Med group (–13 mmHg, 95%
CI–9,–16; P<0.001). However, SBP did not decrease
among normotensive groups (P=0.847 for Med and
P=0.937 for No Med). Pre-treatment SBP levels was the best
predictor of exercise-training lowering effect (r=–0.650;
β=–0.642; P<0.001). For each
10 mmHg higher pre-training SBP there were a 5 mmHg deeper SBP
reduction (Wilder principle). Furthermore, AHM does not interfere with
exercise-training BP-lowering effect.
Risikoermittlung beim Prostatakarzinom
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: September 2021

Wenn es darum geht, die Aggressivität von lokalisierten oder rezidivierten Prostatakarzinomen vorherzusagen und das Therapiemanagement festzulegen, ist der Nutzwert der traditionellen klinisch-pathologischen Kriterien nur moderat. Der 22-Gen-Klassifizierer DECIPHER® wurde mit 1,1 Millionen RNA-Features für die Vorhersage einer Metastasierung entwickelt und erwies sich in der Validierungsstudie als vielversprechender Biomarker, der eine stärker personalisierte Behandlung ermöglicht.
Basalzellkarzinom
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: September 2021

Die Therapie des Basalzellkarzinoms (BCC) hat, wenn auch eine Metastasierung eher selten beobachtet wird, durch das lokal infiltrierende, destruierende Wachstum eine hohe klinische Bedeutung. Der Stellenwert der PD-(L)1-gerichteten Immuntherapie beim Basalzellkarzinom liegt in der hohen Mutationslast wie auch einer hohen PD-L1-Expression begründet. Prof. Ralf Gutzmer, Hannover, referierte auf der Jahrestagung der EADO 2021 über neue Möglichkeiten der BCC-Behandlung mit Checkpoint-Inhibitoren.
Kutanes Plattenepithelkarzinom
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: September 2021

Das kutane Plattenepithelkarzinom (cSCC) ist der zweithäufigste maligne Hauttumor und entwickelt sich als Resultat einer kumulativen UV-Exposition. Die Standardbehandlung des cSCC ist die Operation. Mit den Immuntherapien werden gute Remissionen erzielt, die häufig ein besseres ästhetisches Ergebnis erzielen als die Operation. Prof. Michael Midgen, Houston, diskutierte auf dem EADO 2021 den Stellenwert der Immuntherapie beim metastasierten (mCSCC) oder lokal fortgeschrittenen (laCSCC) kutanen Plattenepithelkarzinom.
SN2′ Defluorinative Allylation of Trifluoromethylalkenes with Allylsilanes
Authors: Zhu Chuan , Feng Chao , Sun Meng-Meng , Liu Haidong
Published: September 2021

An SN2′ defluorinative allylation of trifluoromethylalkenes with readily available allylsilanes to access homoallyl gem-difluoroalkenes is reported. The reaction is triggered by a catalytic amount of TBAF, with the extruded fluoride in the reaction serving as a sustainable activator for organosilanes. The high efficiency, good functional group tolerance, and mild reaction conditions underline the potential of this method in synthetic chemistry.
Synthesis of Bungeanool, Isobungeanool, Dihydrobungeanool, Tetrahydrobungeanool, Hazaleamide, Lanyuamide III, and Analogues
Authors: Toy Patrick H. , Loo Ying-Hui , Leakasindhu Suleeporn , Kan Chi-Ming
Published: September 2021

The bungeanools are a family of alkamide natural products isolated from the pericarps of Zanthoxylum bungeanum (Sichuan pepper), and they are structurally related to the sanshools. While the sanshools, especially hydroxy-α-sanshool, have been studied in a variety of contexts, research regarding the bungeanools has been much more limited. To facilitate their study, we have developed stereoselective syntheses of all four members of this family of compounds by using flexible routes that are also amenable to the synthesis of analogues. The key transformation in the syntheses was the stereoselective triphenylphosphine/phenol-catalyzed isomerization of an alkynoate to the corresponding conjugated E,E-dienoate.
Reticulocyte Count: The Forgotten Factor in Transfusion Decisions for Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Nakhla Daniel , Kushnir Alla , Ahmed Rafat , Bhandari Vineet , Hunter Krystal , Nakhla Tarek
Published: September 2021

Objective Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants often receive transfusions of packed red blood cells (PRBCs). Long-term outcomes of infants treated with liberal versus restricted transfusion criteria have been evaluated with conflicting results. Clinicians incorporate a reticulocyte count (RC) in their transfusion decisions. There is a lack of information on reference ranges for RCs in growing ELBW infants and whether infant's chronologic age or corrected gestational age (GA) generates a specific trend in the RCs. Our aim was to evaluate the levels of RCs obtained from ELBW infants over the course of the initial hospitalization.

Study Design A retrospective chart review of ELBW infants treated in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and had RCs performed. We analyzed the RCs to observe trends based on the chronologic age and corrected GA.

Results A total of 738 RCs were analyzed. A positive trend in RCs that reached a peak at 32 to 34 weeks' corrected GA and then experienced a downward trend was observed.

Conclusion Our report examines a very common hematologic test that is theoretically helpful but is in need of guidelines concerning the appropriate frequency of testing and its utility in making transfusion decisions in ELBW infants.

Key Points
Reduced-Dose Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Intermediate–High-risk Pulmonary Embolism: Rationale and Design of the Pulmonary Embolism International THrOmbolysis (PEITHO)-3 trial
Authors: Sanchez Olivier , Charles-Nelson Anaïs , Ageno Walter , Barco Stefano , Binder Harald , Chatellier Gilles , Duerschmied Daniel , Empen Klaus , Ferreira Melanie , Girard Philippe , Huisman Menno V. , Jiménez David , Katsahian Sandrine , Kozak Matija , Lankeit Mareike , Meneveau Nicolas , Pruszczyk Piotr , Petris Antoniu , Righini Marc , Rosenkranz Stephan , Schellong Sebastian , Stefanovic Branislav , Verhamme Peter , de Wit Kerstin , Vicaut Eric , Zirlik Andreas , Konstantinides Stavros V. , Meyer Guy ,   for the PEITHO-3 Investigators
Published: September 2021

Intermediate–high-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) is characterized by right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and elevated circulating cardiac troponin levels despite apparent hemodynamic stability at presentation. In these patients, full-dose systemic thrombolysis reduced the risk of hemodynamic decompensation or death but increased the risk of life-threatening bleeding. Reduced-dose thrombolysis may be capable of improving safety while maintaining reperfusion efficacy. The Pulmonary Embolism International THrOmbolysis (PEITHO)-3 study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04430569) is a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter, multinational trial with long-term follow-up. We will compare the efficacy and safety of a reduced-dose alteplase regimen with standard heparin anticoagulation. Patients with intermediate–high-risk PE will also fulfill at least one clinical criterion of severity: systolic blood pressure ≤110 mm Hg, respiratory rate >20 breaths/min, or history of heart failure. The primary efficacy outcome is the composite of all-cause death, hemodynamic decompensation, or PE recurrence within 30 days of randomization. Key secondary outcomes, to be included in hierarchical analysis, are fatal or GUSTO severe or life-threatening bleeding; net clinical benefit (primary efficacy outcome plus severe or life-threatening bleeding); and all-cause death, all within 30 days. All outcomes will be adjudicated by an independent committee. Further outcomes include PE-related death, hemodynamic decompensation, or stroke within 30 days; dyspnea, functional limitation, or RV dysfunction at 6 months and 2 years; and utilization of health care resources within 30 days and 2 years. The study is planned to enroll 650 patients. The results are expected to have a major impact on risk-adjusted treatment of acute PE and inform guideline recommendations.
Follicular Lymphoma in Young Adults: Study from a Regional Cancer Center in South India
Authors: Rudreshaa A. H. , Goyal Shina , Lokanatha D. , Jacob Linu Abraham , Lokesh K. N. , Saldanha Smitha , Sansar Bipinesh , Rajeev L. K.
Published: September 2021

Objective Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a disease of the elderly. It is postulated that younger patients have distinct tumor biology and treatment outcomes. Various lymphoma groups across the world have studied this to understand if young adults (YAs) need a different treatment approach. Our study fills the void in data from an Asian country on YA population with FL.

Patients and Methods We retrospectively analyzed young patients (age ≤40 years) diagnosed with FL at our center from 2012 to 2018. Their disease characteristics, treatment details, and outcomes were studied to examine any association between various parameters and survival.

Results There were 28 young FL patients included in our study that constituted 14.6% of FL cases (males: 53.5% and females: 46.5%). The median age at diagnosis was 36.5 years. Most of the patients presented in an advanced stage, 57% had extranodal involvement, and 39.3% had bone marrow involvement at the time of presentation. The most common chemotherapy regimen used was cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone. Half of them received chemoimmunotherapy and only 18% continued rituximab as maintenance therapy. The overall response rate was 92.9% (n = 26), and the remaining two patients had progressive disease while on treatment. The median progression free survival (PFS) was 6.1 years and median overall survival (OS) was not reached. On univariate analysis, extranodal disease was associated with a lower PFS (p = 0.06) and low hemoglobin showed a significant association with OS (p = 0.005). On multivariate analysis, none of the factors showed a significant association with survival.

Conclusion Most YAs present with advanced disease with a good response to treatment and favorable outcomes.
Increasing the Effectiveness of Hearing Aid Directional Microphones
Authors: Jespersen Charlotte T. , Kirkwood Brent C. , Groth Jennifer
Published: September 2021

Directionality is the only hearing aid technology — in addition to amplification — proven to help hearing aid users hear better in noise. Hearing aid directionality has been documented to improve speech intelligibility in multiple laboratory studies. In contrast, real-world studies have shown a disconnect between the potential of the technology and what hearing aid users experience in their daily life. This article describes the real-world studies that inspired ReSound to take a different approach to applying directional microphone technology. This approach is based on the idea that hearing aid directionality can leverage natural binaural hearing and inherent listening strategies. The directional strategy includes three listening modes that will be explained. These are the Spatial Cue Preservation mode, the Binaural Listening mode, and the Speech Intelligibility mode. The strategy and the advantages it provides in terms of sound quality, spatial hearing, and improved signal-to-noise ratio with maintained awareness of surroundings are explained.
Creating Clarity in Noisy Environments by Using Deep Learning in Hearing Aids
Authors: Andersen Asger Heidemann , Santurette Sébastien , Pedersen Michael Syskind , Alickovic Emina , Fiedler Lorenz , Jensen Jesper , Behrens Thomas
Published: September 2021

Hearing aids continue to acquire increasingly sophisticated sound-processing features beyond basic amplification. On the one hand, these have the potential to add user benefit and allow for personalization. On the other hand, if such features are to benefit according to their potential, they require clinicians to be acquainted with both the underlying technologies and the specific fitting handles made available by the individual hearing aid manufacturers. Ensuring benefit from hearing aids in typical daily listening environments requires that the hearing aids handle sounds that interfere with communication, generically referred to as “noise.” With this aim, considerable efforts from both academia and industry have led to increasingly advanced algorithms that handle noise, typically using the principles of directional processing and postfiltering. This article provides an overview of the techniques used for noise reduction in modern hearing aids. First, classical techniques are covered as they are used in modern hearing aids. The discussion then shifts to how deep learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, provides a radically different way of solving the noise problem. Finally, the results of several experiments are used to showcase the benefits of recent algorithmic advances in terms of signal-to-noise ratio, speech intelligibility, selective attention, and listening effort.
Disorders of Puberty in Girls
Authors: Sopher Aviva B. , Oberfield Sharon E. , Witchel Selma F.
Published: September 2021

Puberty is the process through which reproductive competence is achieved and comprises gonadarche and adrenarche. Breast development is the initial physical finding of pubertal onset in girls and typically occurs between 8 and 13 years. Menarche normally occurs 2 to 3 years after the onset of breast development. Pubertal onset is controlled by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator in the hypothalamus; however, environmental factors such as alterations in energy balance and exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals can alter the timing of pubertal onset. Improvement in nutritional and socioeconomic conditions over the past two centuries has been associated with a secular trend in earlier pubertal onset. Precocious puberty is defined as onset of breast development prior to 8 years and can be central or peripheral. Delayed puberty can be hypogonadotropic or hypergonadotropic and is defined as lack of breast development by 13 years or lack of menarche by 16 years. Both precocious and delayed puberty may have negative effects on self-esteem, potentially leading to psychosocial stress. Patients who present with pubertal differences require a comprehensive assessment to determine the underlying etiology and to devise an effective treatment plan.
Controlling metalation reaction of phthalocyanine with cobalt at single-molecule level on Au(111) surface
Authors: Zhu Liang , Li Bin , Dong Lei , Feng Wei , Zhao Ai-di , Wang Bing
Published: September 2021

Metalation reaction of metal-free phthalocyanine molecule with Co atom adsorbed on Au(111) surface has been studied in situ at single atom/molecule scale by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiment combined with simulations based on density function theory calculations. Through manipulations using STM tip, we showed a controlled manner to have a single metal-free phthalocyanine molecule react with a Co atom to form Co phthalocyanine molecule. In this reaction process, an intermediate state originating from π-d interaction between the metal-free phthalocyanine molecule and Co atom has been identified. Moreover, we also revealed that the redox reaction represented as bond breaking and bond forming relative to the Co and pyrrolic N atoms, not pyrrolic H atoms, is a key process for dehydrogenation and metalation reaction. Our DFT calculations provided theoretical supporting for the above conclusions, and further understanding of the related mechanisms.
Polarization switching in Hf0.5Zr0.5O2-dielectric stack: The role of dielectric layer thickness
Authors: Saha Atanu K. , Si Mengwei , Ye Peide D. , Gupta Sumeet K.
Published: September 2021

Understanding the role of the dielectric (DE) layer in ferroelectric (FE) Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) based devices (e.g., ferroelectric-field-effect-transistors, FE-FETs) is important to enable their application-driven optimizations. To that end, in this work, we systematically investigate the polarization switching mechanisms in FE–DE stacks and analyze their dependence on the dielectric layer thickness (TDE). First, we fabricate a HZO–Al2O3 (FE–DE) stack and experimentally demonstrate a decrease in remanent polarization and an increase in coercive voltage with an increase in TDE. As such dependencies are out of the scope of commonly used single domain polarization switching models, therefore, we argue that the consideration of the multi-domain model is essential for analyzing the polarization switching in HZO. Then, using phase-field simulations of the FE–DE stack, we show that an increase in TDE results in a larger number of reverse domains in the FE layer to suppress the depolarization field, which leads to a decrease in the remanent polarization and an increase in the coercive voltage. Furthermore, our analysis signifies that the polarization switching mechanism in HZO can be modulated from domain-nucleation based to domain-wall motion based by increasing the TDE and that can serve as a potential knob for application-specific optimization of FE-FETs. In addition, we show that the effective polarization–voltage characteristics of the FE layer in the FE–DE stack exhibit a negative slope region that leads to the charge enhancement effects in the FE–DE stack. While such effects are most commonly misinterpreted as either the transient effects or the stabilized single-domain negative capacitance effects, we demonstrate that the appearance of a negative slope in the hysteretic polarization–voltage characteristics is quasi-static in nature and that originates from the multi-domain polarization switching in the FE.
Cesium polytungstate in sputtered solar control films. II. Electronic structure and water-induced defects
Authors: Yoshio Satoshi , Sato Keiichi , Adachi Kenji
Published: September 2021

The origin of low conductivity and high near-infrared absorption observed in sputtered Cs-polytungstate (CPT) thin films was studied using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS), and first-principles calculations. The film's resistivity was directly correlated with the intensity of XPS W5+4f peaks, and the mobility of the conduction band (CB) electrons was evaluated as 1.27 × 10−7 cm2 V−1 s−1, both implying the dominance of W5+-trapped electrons in the CB. The presence of H2O residue in the films was detected from XPS O 1s and TDS spectra, suggesting that the incorporation of water upon film deposition induced numerous W/Cs defects reported in Part I. The two representative types of optical profiles were reproduced by first-principles calculations with W-deficient CPT and H2O-incorporated pyrochlore, respectively. We conclude that water-induced W/Cs defects annihilated free electrons in the films, causing loss of conductance and plasma reflection, whereas W5+-trapped electrons generated by O and W vacancies underwent polaronic excitations that generated large near-infrared absorption.
Molecular dynamics simulation of the behavior of typical radiation defects under stress gradient field in tungsten
Authors: Fang Jingzhong , Liu Lixia , Gao Ning , Hu Wangyu , Deng Huiqiu
Published: September 2021

In the fusion environment, a complex stress field is generated in materials, which affects the evolution of radiation defects. In this study, the behaviors of radiation-induced defects under the effect of stress gradient field in tungsten are carefully simulated at the atomic scale with the molecular dynamics (MD) method. It was found that the stress gradient field affects the migration properties of interstitial defects, resulting in the energy barriers changing with the stress and stress gradient. In the axial stress gradient field, the movement of the 1/2 <111> interstitial dislocation loop is significantly accelerated, and it tends to move toward the region where the stress is concentrated. Within the time scale of the classical MD simulation, the stress gradient has little effect on the migration of vacancies. These results suggested that the stress gradient would cause interstitial defects to accumulate to the region where the stress is concentrated, thereby significantly changing the properties of the tungsten materials.
A balloon-borne imaging Fourier transform spectrometer for atmospheric trace gas profiling
Authors: Runge Ethan , Langille Jeff , Schentag Connor , Bourassa Adam , Letros Daniel , Loewen Paul , Lloyd Nick , Degenstein Doug , Grandmont Frederick
Published: September 2021

The upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) region is a highly variable region of the atmosphere and critical for understanding climate. Yet, it remains undersampled in the observational satellite record. Due to recent advances in interferometer and infrared detection technologies, imaging Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) technology has been identified as a feasible remote sensing approach to obtain the required precision and spatial resolution of atmospheric trace gas composition in the UTLS. Building on the success of instruments such as the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding and gimbaled limb observer for radiance imaging of the atmosphere, the limb imaging Fourier transform spectrometer experiment (LIFE) instrument, of which this paper details the design and performance, is a balloon-borne infrared imaging FTS developed as an early prototype of a low earth orbit satellite instrument. LIFE is constructed primarily with commercially available off-the-shelf components, with a design emphasis on greatly reducing the complexity of the instrument, particularly the cooling requirements, with a minimal reduction in information gain on the target atmospheric greenhouse gases of water vapor, methane, ozone, and nitrous oxide. The developed instrument was characterized through a series of thermal and vacuum tests and validated through a successful demonstration balloon flight during the 2019 Strato-Science campaign in Canada. In the calibration of the data from the balloon flight, an issue was identified regarding a lack of knowledge in the emissivity of the on-board blackbody calibration sources. These systematic effects were minimized through the application of an emissivity ratio determined from the characterization tests where a wider range of known blackbody temperatures were available. Despite this identified calibration issue, the results demonstrate that the instrument is capable of meeting primary performance requirements for trace gas retrievals of the target atmospheric species.
Force microscopy cantilevers locally heated in a fluid: Temperature fields and effects on the dynamics
Authors: Pottier Basile , Bellon Ludovic
Published: September 2021

Atomic force microscopy cantilevers are often, intentionally or not, heated at their extremity. We describe a model to compute the resulting temperature field in the cantilever and in the surrounding fluid on a wide temperature range. In air and for common geometries, the heat fluxes in the cantilever and to the environment are of comparable magnitude. We then infer how the fluid–structure interaction is modified due to heating and predict the induced changes in the dynamics of the system. In particular, we describe how the resonance frequencies of the cantilever shift with a temperature increase due to two competing processes: softening of the cantilever and decrease of the fluid inertial effects. Our models are illustrated by experiments on a set of cantilevers spanning the relevant geometries to explore the relative importance of both effects.
Pixel-reassignment in ultrasound imaging
Authors: Sommer Tal I. , Katz Ori
Published: September 2021

We present an adaptation of the pixel-reassignment technique from confocal fluorescent microscopy to coherent ultrasound imaging. The method, ultrasound pixel-reassignment (UPR), provides a resolution and signal to noise (SNR) improvement in ultrasound imaging by computationally reassigning off-focus signals acquired using traditional plane wave compounding ultrasonography. We theoretically analyze the analogy between the optical and ultrasound implementations of pixel reassignment and experimentally evaluate the imaging quality on tissue-mimicking acoustic phantoms. We demonstrate that UPR provides a 25% resolution improvement and a 3 dB SNR improvement in in vitro scans without any change in hardware or acquisition schemes.
Instability of particle inertial migration in shear flow
Authors: Asmolov Evgeny S. , Nizkaya Tatiana V. , Harting Jens , Vinogradova Olga I.
Published: September 2021

In a shear flow, particles migrate to their equilibrium positions in the microchannel. Here, we demonstrate theoretically that if particles are inertial, this equilibrium can become unstable due to the Saffman lift force. We derive an expression for the critical Stokes number that determines the onset of instable equilibrium. We also present results of lattice Boltzmann simulations for spherical particles and prolate spheroids to validate the analysis. Our work provides a simple explanation of several unusual phenomena observed in earlier experiments and computer simulations, but never interpreted before in terms of the unstable equilibrium.
Assessment of hybrid functionals for singlet and triplet excitations: Why do some local hybrid functionals perform so well for triplet excitation energies?
Authors: Grotjahn Robin , Kaupp Martin
Published: September 2021

The performance of various hybrid density functionals is assessed for 105 singlet and 105 corresponding triplet vertical excitation energies from the QUEST database. The overall lowest mean absolute error is obtained with the local hybrid (LH) functional LH12ct-SsirPW92 with individual errors of 0.11 eV (0.11 eV) for singlet (triplet) n → π* excitations and 0.29 eV (0.17 eV) for π → π* excitations. This is slightly better than with the overall best performing global hybrid M06-2X [n → π*: 0.13 eV (0.17 eV), π → π*: 0.30 eV (0.20 eV)], while most other global and range-separated hybrids and some LHs suffer from the “triplet problem” of time-dependent density functional theory. This is exemplified by correlating the errors for singlet and triplet excitations on a state-by-state basis. The excellent performance of LHs based on a common local mixing function, i.e., an LMF constructed from the spin-summed rather than the spin-resolved semilocal quantities, is systematically investigated by the introduction of a spin-channel interpolation scheme that allows us to continuously modulate the fraction of opposite-spin terms used in the LMF. The correlation of triplet and singlet errors is systematically improved for the n → π* excitations when larger fractions of the opposite-spin-channel are used in the LMF, whereas this effect is limited for the π → π* excitations. This strongly supports a previously made hypothesis that attributes the excellent performance of LHs based on a common LMF to cross-spin-channel nondynamical correlation terms.
Crystal-like topological defect arrays in nematic liquid crystal
Authors: Tsung Jieh-Wen , Wang Ya-Zi , Yao Sheng-Kai , Chao Shih-Yu
Published: September 2021

Creation of a topological defect array in liquid crystals has been a notable focus in recent years, because the defect array can be utilized as precision optics, templates of self-assembled microstructures, and elastomer actuators. So far, the defect arrays are created intuitively by trial and error. Systematic rules to arrange defects into stable long-ranged arrays are in demand. A model of two-dimensional square and hexagonal defect array was developed based on previous experimental results. The model is generalized for defect crystals and quasicrystals in this research. A crystal is the periodic repetition of a unit cell. A stable defect crystal must have minimum free energy, and the arrangement of the defects must obey the topological conservation laws. By solving the Euler–Lagrange equation of the director field of a unit cell and by integrating the topological rules into the boundary conditions, the director field of a defect crystal can be easily obtained. A large variety of defect crystals and quasicrystals are derived. The lattices are rectangular, triangular, square, pentagonal, and hexagonal. The defects can be either radial or azimuthal (vortex-like). The nematic and vector orders are both considered. The collection of defect crystals is presented here as a catalog for the designers.
O to bR transition in bacteriorhodopsin occurs through a proton hole mechanism
Authors: Maag Denis , Mast Thilo , Elstner Marcus , Cui Qiang , Kubař Tomáš
Published: September 2021

Significance

Bacteriorhodopsin (bR) is a molecular ion pump that has been long regarded as a prototypical system that demonstrates the Grotthuss mechanism for long-range proton transport in biology. Using extensive quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) simulations, we show that the O to ground state transition in bR, in fact, features proton exchange between two distant groups via a proton hole mechanism. The proton hole is stabilized by a highly conserved arginine residue, which also plays the crucial role of modulating the hydration level of the protein cavity via a conformational transition. Therefore, the current study highlights the general importance of protein internal hydration level change and consideration of all possible titration states of water to the mechanism of long-range proton transport in biomolecules.
Edge current and pairing order transition in chiral bacterial vortices
Authors: Beppu Kazusa , Izri Ziane , Sato Tasuku , Yamanishi Yoko , Sumino Yutaka , Maeda Yusuke T.
Published: September 2021

Significance

The last two decades have seen an exciting development in the field of the active turbulence of microswimmers and their control using geometric design. While being recognized as a key feature of active turbulence, collective effects in the chiral active matter have been overlooked. We shed light on the poorly understood interplay between individual chiral swimming and axisymmetric boundary conditions mediated by polar alignment by exhibiting and controlling chiral bacterial vortices. The geometry-independent collective motion that appears near the boundary, named edge current, plays an important role and alters the geometric rule of the pairing of chiral vortices. Our findings provide a physical basis for understanding out-of-equilibrium structures in chiral microswimmers and advancing material transport engineering by microrobots in liquid.