bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increasing the Efficiency of Pollutants Removal from Municipal Wastewater Using Biological Filters
Authors: Mincu Mariana , Marcus Maria Iuliana , Mitiu Mihaela Andreea , Raischi Natalia Simona
Published: February 2020

Biological filters are wastewater treatment systems that contain a granular filling material, which form an active biological film that contribute to the biooxidation of impurities from the wastewater. Recent research in the field aimed to improve the classical treatment facilities with aerobic fixed film by using inexpensive and easily accessible materials as filterable loading. Experiments have been carried out on biological filters loaded with volcanic tuff, with a diameter between 20-100 mm, supplied with municipal wastewater from primary settling. The biological filtration efficiency has been etablished throughout the continuous functioning of the experimental installation by physico-chemical water analysis. The analyzed indicators have been the ones stipulated by the legislation in force, namely: pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total suspended matter (TS), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), etc. The analysed wastewater samples have been average samples. The treatment efficiency have been calculated in various hypotheses, depending on the: installation capacity, hydraulic loading, organic loading.
Free Radicals and Antioxidants in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Nechita Aurel , Dinu Ciprian , Ciubara Alexandru Bogdan , Raftu Gheorghe , Ancuta Codrina
Published: February 2020

Free radicals are widely recognized as overloaded atoms, molecules or compounds that become unstable when lacking an electron;they steal an electron from various macromolecules (e.g. DNA, RNA, proteins) to chemically stabilize, while preferred targets remains polyunsaturated fatty acids in their membranes. When electron theft produces a chain reaction, normal cell processes turn into a real chaos that ultimately degrades the normal functioning of the cell. Variance of free radicals existing or formed in nature as a result of many processes (ultraviolet radiation, gamma, action specific particles, etc.) makes extremely difficult their classification. A partof the oxygen molecules (O2) that have entered the body through breathing is divided and oxygen atoms become reactive (free radicals) damaging the cell wall by oxidation. Oxidative stress, a term widely used to characterise inflammatory disorders caused by destructive oxygen molecules called free radicals, may exacerbate inflammation and impair immune system response due to free radicals. Oxidative stress is defined as the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants, in favour of oxidants, with destructive and pathogenic potential. Depending on intensity, oxidative stress can occur inside or outside the cell. Intracellular stress can lead to cell necrosis or a more or less marked disruption of the cell, and may be catastrophic in the case of a non-reproducible cell; the extracellular oxidative stress is cytotoxic. Although considered in the pathobiology of several inflammatory immune-mediated rheumatic conditions, the exact role of oxidative stress in ankylosing spondylitis is still debatable.
Synchronous Association of Two Types of Indolent Lymphomas
Authors: Aschie Mariana , Stoica Andreea Georgiana , Mitroi Anca Florentina , Cozaru Georgeta Camelia , Stanciu Gabriela , Chisoi Anca
Published: February 2020

Small lymphocytic lymphomas (SLL) and lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas (LPL) are part of indolent non-Hodgkin�s lymphoma . LPL of the skin is very rare and synchronous association of two types of indolent lymphomas is extremely rare.We report the case of 75 years old male patient diagnosed with two types of indolent non-Hodgkin�s lymphoma, lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas of the skin associated with nodal small lymphocytic lymphomas. We present this unique case with a review of the literature of synchronous non-Hodgkin lymphomas highlighting the clinical, pathological and genetic methods involved in the diagnosis.
Professional Competence, Institutional Support and Documentation of Indigenous Knowledge Resources in Libraries in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Lazarus Gift N. , Unegbu Vincent E. , Opeke Roseline O.
Published: February 2020

This study investigated how professional competence and institutional support influence the documentation of existing indigenous knowledge in libraries in Lagos State, Nigeria. The research adopted a survey research design. A total of 245 librarians and paraprofessionals in academic,  National Library of Nigeria (NLN) and Lagos State Library Board (LSLB) libraries in Lagos State constituted the sample of the study. The population included the management staff and directors of public and academic libraries. Data were collected through questionnaire while descriptive and inferential statistics were employed respectively in analysis of the data obtained. Findings revealed that processes of documentation of IK are acquisition, codification, organization, storage and preservation. Professional competences for documentation of IK are educational qualification, understanding the source of IK, ability to locate IK resources, possession of knowledge of ICT skills. Major institutional support for documentation of IK in libraries in Lagos State is adequate funding, motivation, facilitative policy and staff training. From the result of the study, it was recommended, among others, that library management should make more provision for regular training and retraining of librarians.Keywords: Documentation, Indigenous knowledge, Professional  competence, Institutional support, Nigeria
Introduction to the special issue “Contested urban territories: decolonized perspectives”
Authors: Schwarz Anke , Streule Monika
Published: February 2020

Abstract. This paper serves as an introduction to the “Contested urban territories: decolonized perspectives” special issue. The idea for this issue emerged during our reflections on a socioterritorial perspective, preeminent in the current Latin American analysis of contemporary urban struggles (Schwarz and Streule, 2016). It aims to contribute to these ongoing debates about a specific understanding of urban territories from a postcolonial and decolonized perspective by combining contributions from two paper sessions we organized at the 2017 meeting of the American Association of Geographers in Boston with additional papers by scholars who could not participate in the conference. All seven contributions tackle the question of what a relational and dynamic conceptualization of territory may contribute to current debates in the urban studies field. Put more precisely, to which extent are socioterritorial approaches of value for a further decentering and pluralizing of urban theory? What is their significance to research on urban social movements? And, finally, how does such a socioterritorial perspective nurture and complement an analysis of the social production of space? The present special issue invites the reader to get familiar with new concepts and engage in a critical reflection on the conditions of knowledge production in urban geography and beyond.
RESEARCH ON CONSTRUCTION OF SPATIO-TEMPORAL DATA VISUALIZATION PLATFORM FOR GIS AND BIM FUSION
Authors: Dou S. Q. , Zhang H. H. , Zhao Y. Q. , Wang A. M. , Xiong Y. T. , Zuo J. M.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The visualization model of GIS and BIM fusion can provide data bearing platform and main technical support for future urban operation centers, digital twin cities, and smart cities. Based on the analysis of the features and advantages of GIS and BIM Fusion, this paper proposes a construction method of the spatio-temporal data visualization platform for GIS and BIM Fusion. It expounds and analyzes the overall architecture design of platform, multi-dimensional and multi-spatial scales visualization, space analysis for GIS and BIM fusion, and platform applications and so on. The urban virtual simulation spatio-temporal data platform project of Teda New District in Tianjin has verified and demonstrated that the effect of application is good. This provides a feasible solution for the construction of spatio-temporal Data Visualization Platform.
Sleep-disordered breathing in cystic fibrosis pediatric subjects
Authors: Lumertz Magali Santos , Pinto Leonardo Araujo
Published: February 2020

Objectives To describe the frequency of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) and to study associations between polysomnographic respiratory parameters and available clinical information.

Methods This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study. The sample data were obtained from information recorded on patient charts in 2015 and 2016. The study included all individuals with CF aged from 2 to 20 years for whom records were available for polysomnography performed within the previous two years.

Results Sixteen individuals with CF (mean age 11 ± 5.6 years old) were included. Polysomnographic respiratory parameter abnormalities were defined as an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) exceeding one event per hour of sleep or an oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2) nadir below 90%; observed in 10 subjects (62.5%). Forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) was correlated (r=0.602, p=0.023) with mean sleep SpO2. FEV1 was also negatively correlated with sleep peak end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtpCO2) (r=-0.645, p=0.024). Additionally, chronic airway colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was associated with mean EtpCO2 in non-REM sleep (p=0.024).

Discussion SDB was frequently observed in this sample of children with CF. There was an association between CF respiratory disease progression markers and sleep breathing parameters in children. Sleep studies appear to be an important tool for assessment of the respiratory status of these individuals with CF, although further studies are needed, especially with carbon dioxide sleep analysis.
Molecular Probe Crossing Blood–Brain Barrier for Bimodal Imaging–Guided Photothermal/Photodynamic Therapies of Intracranial Glioblastoma
Authors: Li Bo , Xiao Hong , Cai Mingyue , Li Xiaoxia , Xu Xiaolin , Wang Shiyin , Huang Si , Wang Yong , Cheng Du , Pang Pengfei , Shan Hong , Shuai Xintao
Published: February 2020

Currently, treatment of intracranial diseases still remains a great challenge because the blood–brain barrier (BBB) blocks access of most drugs to the central nervous system. Herein, a theranostic small molecular probe, iRGD‐ICG‐Lys‐DTPA@Gd (iRGD‐ILD), capable of crossing BBB is developed. Owing to the small molecular size and αvβ3 integrin receptor–mediated transcytosis, this tailor‐made molecular probe integrating the fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging functions effectively passes through BBB to target tumor cells even in the early stage of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), thereby allowing a bimodal imaging–guided therapy of GBM. The reactive oxygen species and heat generated by the ICG moiety under the 808 nm laser irradiation exert photodynamic/photothermal therapeutic effects, which results in significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged median survival of C6‐Luc glioma‐bearing mice. Notably, the integration of FDA‐approved clinically available agents, e.g., ICG, DTPA and Gd, into a molecular probe may ensure desirable biocompatibility and biosafety for in vivo applications. Overall, the results highlight the potential of a water‐soluble small molecule as a novel theranostic probe for highly effective GBM treatment.
Flexible Drug Release Device Powered by Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Liu Guoxu , Xu Shaohang , Liu Yaoyao , Gao Yuyu , Tong Tong , Qi Youchao , Zhang Chi
Published: February 2020

Drug release devices of small molecules are widely used in cell stimulation, drug delivery, and microenvironment regulation. Herein, a flexible drug release device (FDRD) powered by a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is demonstrated, that has the superiority of low power consumption, flexible structure, and controllable release. In the self‐powered FDRD, the TENG can effectively harvest and transfer biomechanical energy into electricity. With a power management module, the TENG can provide a steady voltage supply for sustainable drug release, and the unique switchable wettability of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) films in Na2SO4 aqueous solutions can be regulated. The UV–vis absorption spectra of small molecules including methylene blue, fluorescein sodium, and rhodamine 6G released from the FDRD can be observed and recorded in real time. Furthermore, the releasing rate of conventional salicylic acid with the effect of removing cutin, sterilizing, and diminishing inflammation is also recorded in Na2SO4 aqueous solution. With the advantages of flexible structure, and controllable and sustainable release, the self‐powered FDRD is expected to find great potential in wearable medical devices, drug controllable release, and self‐powered therapy.
Ultrastretchable Helical Conductive Fibers Using Percolated Ag Nanoparticle Networks Encapsulated by Elastic Polymers with High Durability in Omnidirectional Deformations for Wearable Electronics
Authors: Woo Janghoon , Lee Hyeokjun , Yi Changyoon , Lee Jaehong , Won Chihyeong , Oh Saehyuck , Jekal Janghwan , Kwon Chaebeen , Lee Sanggeun , Song Jaekang , Choi Byungwoo , Jang Kyung‐In , Lee Taeyoon
Published: February 2020

Stretchable interconnects with invariable conductivity and complete elasticity, which return to their original shape without morphological hysteresis, are attractive for the development of stretchable electronics. In this study, a polydimethylsiloxane‐coated multifilament polyurethane‐based helical conductive fiber is developed. The stretchable helical fibers exhibit remarkable electrical performance under stretching, negligible electrical and mechanical hysteresis, and high electrical reliability under repetitive deformation (10 000 cycles of stretching with 100% strain). The resistance of the helical fibers barely increases until the applied strain reaches the critical strain, which is based on the helical diameter of each fiber. According to finite element analysis, uniform stress distribution is maintained in the helical fibers even under full stretching, owing to the fibers' true helix structure. In addition, the stretchable helical fibers have the ability to completely return to their original shapes even after being fully compressed in the vertical direction. Cylinder‐shaped connecting pieces made using 3D printing are designed for stable connection between the helical fibers and commercial components. A deformable light‐emitting diode (LED) array and biaxially stretchable LED display are fabricated using helical fibers. A skin‐mountable band‐type oximeter with helical fiber‐based electrodes is also fabricated and used to demonstrate real‐time detection of cardiac activities and analysis of brain activities.
3,4‐Dicyanothiophene—a Versatile Building Block for Efficient Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Bo , Yu Yonggao , Zhou Jiadong , Wang Zhenfeng , Tang Haoran , Xie Shenkun , Xie Zengqi , Hu Liuyong , Yip Hin‐Lap , Ye Long , Ade Harald , Liu Zhitian , He Zhicai , Duan Chunhui , Huang Fei , Cao Yong
Published: February 2020

In this contribution, a versatile building block, 3,4‐dicyanothiophene (DCT), which possesses structural simplicity and synthetic accessibility for constructing high‐performance, low‐cost, wide‐bandgap conjugated polymers for use as donors in polymer solar cells (PSCs), is reported. A prototype polymer, PB3TCN‐C66, and its cyano‐free analogue polymer PB3T‐C66, are synthesized to evaluate the potential of using DCT in nonfullerene PSCs. A stronger aggregation property in solution, higher thermal transition temperatures with higher enthalpies, a larger dipole moment, higher relative dielectric constant, and more linear conformation are exhibited by PB3TCN‐C66. Solar cells employing IT‐4F as the electron acceptor offer power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 11.2% and 2.3% for PB3TCN‐C66 and PB3T‐C66, respectively. Morphological characterizations reveal that the PB3TCN‐C66:IT‐4F blend exhibits better π–π paracrystallinity, a contracted domain size, and higher phase purity, consistent with its higher molecular interaction parameter, derived from thermodynamic calculations. Moreover, PB3TCN‐C66 offers a higher open‐circuit voltage and reduced energy loss than most state‐of‐the‐art wide‐bandgap polymers, without the need of additional electron‐withdrawing substituents. Two additional polymers derived from DCT also demonstrate promising performance with a higher PCE of 13.4% being achieved. Thus, DCT represents a versatile and promising building block for constructing high‐performance, low‐cost, conjugated polymers for application in PSCs.
Self‐Imaging Effect Based on Airy Beams with Quadratic Phase Modulation
Authors: Zhan Kaiyun , Jiao Ruiyun , Wang Jing , Zhang Wenqian , Yang Zhendong , Liu Bing
Published: February 2020

The self‐imaging effect based on Airy beams with quadratic phase modulation (QPM) in 1 + 1 and 2 + 1 dimensions is studied both numerically and analytically. It is demonstrated that, in spite of spatial spectral shape being kept invariant, both the intensity pattern and the accelerating trajectory of this self‐imaging effect depend considerably on the QPM. When the QPM parameter is negative, the self‐imaging accelerating wave exhibits deceleration and then acceleration, and the self‐imaging scope can be expanded. In the opposite case, the self‐imaging extent would be narrowed and the self‐imaging accelerating wave will only accelerate during propagation. Numerical simulations agree with the theoretical results very well. This study shows the possibility of controlling the self‐imaging effect based on 1D and circular Airy beams, by purposely choosing appropriate QPM parameters.
An Ultra‐Long‐Life Lithium‐Rich Li1.2Mn0.6Ni0.2O2 Cathode by Three‐in‐One Surface Modification for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ding Xiaokai , Luo Dong , Cui Jiaxiang , Xie Huixian , Ren Qingqing , Lin Zhan
Published: February 2020

Voltage decay and capacity fading are the main challenges for the commercialization of Li‐rich Mn‐based layered oxides (LLOs). Now, a three‐in‐one surface treatment is designed via the pyrolysis of urea to improve the voltage and capacity stability of Li1.2Mn0.6Ni0.2O2 (LMNO), by which oxygen vacancies, spinel phase integration, and N‐doped carbon nanolayers are synchronously built on the surface of LMNO microspheres. Oxygen vacancies and spinel phase integration suppress irreversible O2 release and help lithium ion diffusion, while N‐doped carbon nanolayer mitigates the corrosion of electrolyte with excellent conductivity. The electrochemical performance of LMNO after the treatment improves significantly; the capacity retention rate after 500 cycles at 1 C is still as high as 89.9 % with a very small voltage fading rate of 1.09 mV cycle−1. This three‐in‐one surface treatment strategy can suppress the voltage decay and capacity fading of LLOs.
In situ filling of SiO2 nanospheres into PTFE by sol–gel as a highly wear‐resistant nanocomposite
Authors: Shi Guojun , Wang Qiuyi , Sun Tao , Yan Xiaotian
Published: February 2020

In situ filling of nanomaterials into polymers facilitates the dispersion of the nanofillers and their interface combination with the matrices, and reduces the agglomeration encountered in the nanocomposites prepared by a mechanical mixing method. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) nanocomposites filled with SiO2 nanospheres (SNS) were fabricated by an in situ sol–gel method in this paper. The SNS in situ filled was highly dispersed in PTFE and showed an excellent combination with the matrix, and the fabricated SNS/PTFE nanocomposites were found a pronounced improvement in stiffness, hardness, glass transition temperature, and hydrophobicity in comparison with the pristine PTFE and the ones prepared by mechanical mixing with the same content. Furthermore, significantly reduced coefficients of friction and volume wear rates were observed on the SNS/PTFE nanocomposites prepared by in situ sol–gel. An operating temperature high up to 200°C and very low volume wear rate were accessible on the optimized SNS/PTFE nanocomposite by in situ filling. The methodology, in situ filling of nanofillers into matrices, might pave a way to prepare nanocomposites with excellent mechanical, thermal, and tribological properties.
Integrating CuO−Fe2O3 Nanocomposites and Supramolecular Assemblies of Phenazine for Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Kaur Lovjot , Deol Harnimarta , Kumar Manoj , Bhalla Vandana
Published: February 2020

A photoredox catalytic ensemble consisting of CuO‐Fe2O3 nanocomposites and oligomeric derivative of phenazine has been developed. The prepared system acts as an efficient photoredox catalyst for C−N bond formation reaction via SET mechanism under ‘green’ conditions (aerial environment, mixed aqueous media, recyclable), requiring less equivalents of base and amine substrate. The present study demonstrates the significant role of supramolecular assemblies as photooxidants and reductants upon irradiation and their important contribution towards the activation of the metallic centre through energy transfer and electron transfer pathways. The potential of oligomer 4: CuO‐Fe2O3 has also been explored for C−C bond formation reactions via the Sonogashira protocol.
Long‐term ungrounded cable support for short‐to‐shield syndrome
Authors: Ayers Brian , Cheyne Christina , Wood Katherine , Quinlan Amy , Dick Sara , Vidula Himabindu , Alexis Jeffrey , Barrus Bryan , Prasad Sunil , Gosev Igor
Published: February 2020

Short‐to‐shield (STS) is a potential complication for left ventricular assist device (LVAD) patients supported by the HeartMate II (HMII) pump. This phenomenon occurs when a damaged internal wire within the driveline makes contact with the surrounding sheath, resulting in insufficient power delivery to the motor when connected to a grounded power base unit (PBU). An ungrounded cable can be used to negate these effects, but the long‐term safety of this treatment strategy is unknown. In this case series, we present our institutional experience treating 17 STS patients with an ungrounded cable. In total, we present 4922 patient‐days (13.4 patient‐years) of ungrounded cable support after primary STS treatment. There were no deaths or complications related to STS. These data suggest that the long‐term use of an ungrounded cable is a reasonable treatment option for patients who cannot or do not wish to undergo pump exchange or splice repair.
A four‐compartment multiscale model of fluid and drug distribution in vascular tumours
Authors: Shipley Rebecca J. , Sweeney Paul W. , Chapman Stephen J. , Roose Tiina
Published: February 2020

The subtle relationship between vascular network structure and mass transport is vital to predict and improve the efficacy of anticancer treatments. Here, mathematical homogenisation is used to derive a new multiscale continuum model of blood and chemotherapy transport in the vasculature and interstitium of a vascular tumour. This framework enables information at a range of vascular hierarchies to be fed into an effective description on the length scale of the tumour. The model behaviour is explored through a demonstrative case study of a simplified representation of a dorsal skinfold chamber, to examine the role of vascular network architecture in influencing fluid and drug perfusion on the length scale of the chamber. A single parameter, P, is identified that relates tumour‐scale fluid perfusion to the permeability and density of the capillary bed. By fixing the topological and physiological properties of the arteriole and venule networks, an optimal value for P is identified, which maximises tumour fluid transport and is thus hypothesised to benefit chemotherapy delivery. We calculate the values for P for eight explicit network structures; in each case, vascular intervention by either decreasing the permeability or increasing the density of the capillary network would increase fluid perfusion through the cancerous tissue. Chemotherapeutic strategies are compared and indicate that single injection is consistently more successful compared with constant perfusion, and the model predicts optimal timing of a second dose. These results highlight the potential of computational modelling to elucidate the link between vascular architecture and fluid, drug distribution in tumours.
Adaptation and resistance: washback effects of the national test on upper secondary Swedish teaching
Authors: Larsson Maria , Olin‐Scheller Christina
Published: February 2020

This study examines the washback effects of a national test in Swedish at upper secondary schools. The test consists of three parts—reading, writing and speaking—and this study specifically focuses on the washback effects in relation to Stephen Ball’s theory of policy enactment. The study draws on qualitative data from a total of 21 interviews conducted with five teachers of Swedish in upper secondary education in a series of four individual interviews and a concluding group interview. The results indicate that the reading comprehension test has had little washback effect on reading instruction whereas the writing and the oral tests seem to have had a substantial washback effect. The teachers also exhibit what Ball refers to as resistance and capitulation in relation to the national test, and to the reading comprehension test in particular.
Synthesis of Hierarchical SAPO‐5 & SAPO‐34 Materials by Post‐Synthetic Alkali Treatment and Their Enhanced Catalytic Activity in Transesterification
Authors: Jadav Divya , Bandyopadhyay Rajib , Bandyopadhyay Mahuya
Published: February 2020

SAPO‐5 and SAPO‐34 materials were modified using post‐synthetic alkali treatment, which results in the formation of hierarchical SAPO‐5 and SAPO‐34 materials. To test the generation of mesoporosity, the modified materials were thoroughly characterized using XRD, FE‐SEM, TGA, ICP‐OES, and N2 adsorption/desorption techniques. Alkali treated SAPO‐5 and SAPO‐34 materials were utilized for the model reaction triacetin transesterification, under optimized conditions by varying the catalyst amount and reaction time: 90 % triacetin conversion with 66 % methyl acetate yield was achieved using modified SAPO‐5 catalyst, whereas 68 % triacetin conversion with 37 % methyl acetate yield was achieved using modified SAPO‐34 catalyst. The alkali treated SAPO‐5 catalyst was stable up to the 4th cycle.
Evaluation of segment 4 portal vein embolization added to right portal vein for right hepatic trisectionectomy: A retrospective propensity score‐matched study
Authors: Ito Jun , Komada Tomohiro , Suzuki Kojiro , Matsushima Masaya , Nakatochi Masahiro , Kobayashi Yumiko , Ebata Tomoki , Naganawa Shinji , Nagino Masato
Published: February 2020

Background

Adding segment 4 (S4) portal vein embolization (PVE) to right PVE before right hepatic trisectionectomy is controversial. We retrospectively examined the effect of S4 PVE on segments 2 and 3 (S2 + 3) hypertrophy.

Methods

We reviewed patients with biliary carcinoma who underwent right PVE with (R3PVE) or without (R2PVE) S4 PVE using gelatin sponge particles and coils (2010‐2019). Propensity score matching balanced the cohort for baseline characteristics, including total liver volume and S2 + 3 volume before PVE. We compared the groups regarding the S2 + 3 volume changes after PVE.

Results

Of 178 enrolled patients, 38 underwent R3PVE for right hepatic trisectionectomy and 140 underwent R2PVE for right hepatectomy. Twenty‐eight patients from each group were respectively matched. The median absolute volume increase in (146 cm3 vs 70 cm3), hypertrophy rate of (52.4% vs 32.3%), and kinetic growth rate of (3.1%/wk vs 2.0%/wk) S2 + 3 were significantly higher in the R3PVE group than in the R2PVE group. In the pre‐matched cohort, the rate of posthepatectomy liver failure and postoperative hospital stay did not significantly differ between the patients who underwent right hepatic trisectionectomy and right hepatectomy.

Conclusion

R3PVE increased the S2 + 3 volume more effectively than R2PVE in patients with biliary carcinoma.
Separation of acteoside and linarin from Buddlejae Flos by high‐speed countercurrent chromatography and their anti‐inflammatory activities
Authors: Xie Guoyong , Yang Jie , Wei Xiaonan , Xu Qiuhong , Qin Minjian
Published: February 2020

Buddleja officinalis Maxim., a deciduous, flowering shrub, is used as a traditional Chinese medicine; the bioactivity of B. officinalis is primarily due to flavonoids and phenylethanoid glycosides. In the study, acteoside and linarin were successfully isolated from B. officinalis by high‐speed countercurrent chromatography with a two‐phase solvent system composed of ethyl acetate: n‐butanol: water (5:0.8:5, v/v/v). The purities of acteoside and linarin were determined to be 97.3 and 98.2%, respectively, using one‐step high‐speed countercurrent chromatography separation. The chemical structures of the two compounds were identified by electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. After separation, the anti‐inflammatory effects of the two compounds were evaluated using lipopolysaccharide‐induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Acteoside and linarin inhibited the expression of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β, which demonstrated that acteoside and linarin possessed anti‐inflammatory activity.
Question Mark Sign and Transvaginal Ultrasound Uterine Tenderness for the Diagnosis of Adenomyosis
Authors: Zannoni Letizia , Ambrosio Marco , Raimondo Diego , Arena Alessandro , Del Forno Simona , Borghese Giulia , Paradisi Roberto , Seracchioli Renato
Published: February 2020

Objectives

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the classic ultrasound (US) signs of adenomyosis, the question mark sign and transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) uterine tenderness, in the diagnosis of adenomyosis.

Methods

This was a prospective study including 78 patients waiting for hysterectomy for uterine benign diseases and undergoing preoperative US examinations to evaluate all criteria for US diagnosis of adenomyosis as reported by the consensus statement of the Morphological Uterus Sonographic Assessment group. A US diagnosis of adenomyosis was made in the presence of 2 or more Morphological Uterus Sonographic Assessment features. Moreover, the question mark sign and TVUS uterine tenderness were evaluated. Ultrasound features were compared with the histologic examination, which was considered the reference standard for the diagnosis of adenomyosis. The Cohen κ coefficient was used to measure the accordance between US and histologic results. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of each US feature were calculated.

Results

The prevalence of adenomyosis in the sample was 33.3%. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of TVUS in the diagnosis of adenomyosis were 77%, 96%, 91%, 89%, and 90%, respectively. Myometrial heterogeneity was the most frequently encountered feature (100%) but showed low specificity (7%). The question mark sign and TVUS uterine tenderness showed sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of 41%, 96%, 83%, 77%, and 69% and 69%, 65%, 66%, 81%, and 67%.

Conclusions

The question mark sign and TVUS uterine tenderness are useful tools for the diagnosis of adenomyosis.
Histopathological characteristics of surgical tissue from primary vs recurrent chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis patients
Authors: Donnell Nathaniel J. , Marino Michael J. , Zarka Matthew A. , Lal Devyani
Published: February 2020

Objective

The histopathological characteristics of primary vs recurrent nasal polyps in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) have not been studied comprehensively. Identification of these features may be helpful for prognostication, postoperative management, and consideration of novel eosinophil‐targeting biologic therapy. This study investigates the histopathological differences in primary vs recurrent CRSwNP tissue.

Methods

Patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery for CRSwNP were included if all 13 histopathological and mucin characteristics on a standardized report were available. Histopathology parameters were compared in surgical tissue and mucin from primary vs recurrent CRSwNP.

Results

Complete structured histopathology reports were available for 96 patients (39 primary polyps and 57 recurrent polyps). Compared to primary polyp tissue, recurrent CRSwNP mucin was significantly more likely to feature eosinophil aggregates (57.9% vs 35.9%; P = .047). Tissue eosinophilia (using a threshold >10 per high power field [HPF]) was not significantly different in primary and recurrent CRSwNP tissue. Other histopathologic parameters and clinical characteristics were similar.

Conclusion

Eosinophil aggregates on histopathology are significantly more likely to be present in recurrent CRSwNP. In the limited series, tissue eosinophilia (>10 per HPF) was not significantly different in primary and recurrent CRSwNP. Therefore, in addition to the study of tissue eosinophilia levels, Rhinologic surgeons should also direct attention to CRSwNP mucin. Mucin eosinophilic aggregates are an independent marker of severe inflammation that is associated more likely with recurrent vs primary polyposis. Further study of this marker may help determine its role of choice of postoperative medical therapies, including anti‐eosinophilic biologics.

Level of Evidence

4
High‐Salt Diet‐Induced Gastritis in C57BL/6 Mice is Associated with Microbial Dysbiosis and Alleviated by a Buckwheat Diet
Authors: Li Ya , Li Wen , Wang Xiao , Ding Chao , Liu Junze , Li Yan , Li Wenjuan , Sun Yundong
Published: February 2020

Scope

A high‐salt diet is a cause of gastritis, but the associated mechanism remains unclear. Recent studies have shown that gastric flora is associated with a variety of stomach diseases, but it is not known whether gastric flora is involved in gastritis induced by a high‐salt diet.

Methods and results

Gastritis is successfully induced in C57BL/6 mice fed a high‐salt diet (salt: 5% NaCl) for four weeks. Through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the composition of the stomach microbiota of mice fed normal and high‐salt diets are compared, the results of which show that the high‐salt diet induces significant changes in the gastric flora. Phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) is used to predict the function of the microbiota in the stomach of mice, and the results indicate that a high‐salt diet leads to a decrease in the ability of the gastric microbiota to metabolize polysaccharides and vitamins. A buckwheat diet is used to treat gastritis. The results show gastritis induced by the high‐salt diet is significantly alleviated, and the dysbiosis in the stomach also improved.

Conclusion

Buckwheat diet may be one of the ways to prevent and treat gastritis caused by a high‐salt diet.
Recurrent attention network for false positive reduction in the detection of pulmonary nodules in thoracic CT scans
Authors: Farhangi M. Mehdi , Petrick Nicholas , Sahiner Berkman , Frigui Hichem , Amini Amir A. , Pezeshk Aria
Published: February 2020

Purpose

Multiview two‐dimensional (2D) convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and three‐dimensional (3D) CNNs have been successfully used for analyzing volumetric data in many state‐of‐the‐art medical imaging applications. We propose an alternative modular framework that analyzes volumetric data with an approach that is analogous to radiologists’ interpretation, and apply the framework to reduce false positives that are generated in computer‐aided detection (CADe) systems for pulmonary nodules in thoracic computed tomography (CT) scans.

Methods

In our approach, a deep network consisting of 2D CNNs first processes slices individually. The features extracted in this stage are then passed to a recurrent neural network (RNN), thereby modeling consecutive slices as a sequence of temporal data and capturing the contextual information across all three dimensions in the volume of interest. Outputs of the RNN layer are weighed before the final fully connected layer, enabling the network to scale the importance of different slices within a volume of interest in an end‐to‐end training framework.

Results

We validated the proposed architecture on the false positive reduction track of the lung nodule analysis (LUNA) challenge for pulmonary nodule detection in chest CT scans, and obtained competitive results compared to 3D CNNs. Our results show that the proposed approach can encode the 3D information in volumetric data effectively by achieving a sensitivity >0.8 with just 1/8 false positives per scan.

Conclusions

Our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of temporal analysis of volumetric images for the application of false positive reduction in chest CT scans and show that state‐of‐the‐art 2D architectures from the literature can be directly applied to analyzing volumetric medical data. As newer and better 2D architectures are being developed at a much faster rate compared to 3D architectures, our approach makes it easy to obtain state‐of‐the‐art performance on volumetric data using new 2D architectures.
Finite‐Difference Time‐Domain Simulation of Strong‐Field Ionization: A Perfectly Matched Layer Approach
Authors: Kamban Høgni C. , Christensen Sigurd S. , Søndergaard Thomas , Pedersen Thomas G.
Published: February 2020

A finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) scheme with perfectly matched layers (PMLs) is considered for solving the time‐dependent Schrödinger equation and simulating the laser‐induced ionization of two systems: 1) an electron initially bound to a 1D δ potential and 2) excitons in carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The performance of PMLs based on different absorption functions is compared, where slowly growing functions are found to be preferable. PMLs are shown to be able to reduce the computational domain, and thus the required numerical resources, by several orders of magnitude. This is demonstrated by testing the proposed method against an FDTD approach without PMLs and a very large computational domain. It is shown that PMLs outperform the well‐known exterior complex scaling (ECS) technique for short‐range potentials when implemented in FDTD. For long‐range potentials such as in CNTs, however, ECS performs better than PMLs when propagating over many periods.
Soziodemografische und erwerbsbezogene Merkmale in der NAKO Gesundheitsstudie
Authors: Dragano Nico , Reuter Marvin , Greiser Karin Halina , Becher Heiko , Zeeb Hajo , Mikolajczyk Rafael , Kluttig Alexander , Leitzmann Michael , Fischer Beate , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Emmel Carina , Krause Gérard , Castell Stefanie , Damms-Machado Antje , Obi Nadia , Schikowski Tamara , Kuss Oliver , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Schipf Sabine , Pischon Tobias , Jaeschke Lina , Krist Lilian , Keil Thomas , Lieb Wolfgang , Holleczek Bernd , Brenner Hermann , Wirkner Kerstin , Loeffler Markus , Michels Karin B. , Franzke Claus-Werner , Peters Annette , Linseisen Jakob , Berger Klaus , Legath Nicole , Ahrens Wolfgang , Lampert Thomas , Schmidt Börge
Published: February 2020

Hintergrund

In epidemiologischen Studien ist die standardisierte Erfassung soziodemografischer Merkmale von hoher Bedeutung, da Variablen wie Geschlecht, Alter, Bildung oder Erwerbsstatus wichtige Einflussfaktoren auf Gesundheitschancen und Krankheitsrisiken darstellen. In der NAKO Gesundheitsstudie werden zentrale Faktoren aus diesem Themenbereich berücksichtigt.

Ziel der Arbeit

Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den wissenschaftlichen Hintergrund und die konkrete Erhebung soziodemografischer Angaben in der NAKO. Zudem werden die Verteilung einzelner Merkmale sowie Zusammenhänge mit gesundheitsassoziierten Maßen exemplarisch vorgestellt.

Material und Methoden

Anhand der Daten zur Halbzeit der Basiserhebung (n = 101.724) wurde die Verteilung soziodemografischer Merkmale dargestellt und Zusammenhänge mit beispielhaft ausgewählten Gesundheitsindikatoren (Body-Mass-Index, selbst berichtete Gesundheit) analysiert, um die Validität der Messung soziodemografischer Angaben zu beurteilen.

Ergebnisse

Das mittlere Alter der Teilnehmenden lag bei 52,0 Jahren (SD = 12,4). 53,6 % der Teilnehmenden waren Frauen, 54,3 % hatten einen hohen Bildungsabschluss, 60,1 % waren verheiratet zusammenlebend, 72,0 % erwerbstätig und 3,4 % erwerbslos. Bekannte Zusammenhänge zwischen Soziodemografie und Gesundheit konnten reproduziert werden. So waren niedrige Bildung, hohes Alter und Erwerbslosigkeit mit einer erhöhten Häufigkeit von Adipositas und schlechter selbst berichteter Gesundheit assoziiert.

Diskussion

Die NAKO Gesundheitsstudie erhebt viele soziodemografische Merkmale. In Kombination mit der Fülle an Gesundheitsdaten und dem Längsschnittdesign ergeben sich so neue Möglichkeiten für die gesundheitswissenschaftliche und sozialepidemiologische Forschung in Deutschland.
Validating a new generation filter system for visualizing 5-ALA-induced PpIX fluorescence in malignant glioma surgery: a proof of principle study
Authors: Suero Molina Eric , Stögbauer Louise , Jeibmann Astrid , Warneke Nils , Stummer Walter
Published: February 2020

Background

The BLUE 400 filter system (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Oberkochen, Germany) has provided visualization of 5-ALA-induced fluorescence-guided surgery for more than 20 years. Nevertheless, constraints, e.g., limited background discrimination during hemostasis, obstruct fluency of surgery. A novel filter with improved background visualization was developed, requiring validation regarding fluorescence discrimination. The aim of this article is to determine diagnostic accuracy and perception of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) discrimination of a novel filter system with higher background illumination (BLUE 400 AR) compared with the gold standard, BLUE 400.

Methods

A surgical microscope equipped with both BLUE 400 and BLUE 400 AR was used. Comparisons were performed on a biological basis and on the visual perception of margins. High-resolution images were compared during and after surgery by senior neurosurgeons. In a predefined biopsy algorithm, four biopsies per patient at tumor margins of PpIX fluorescence and adjacent brain were acquired using BLUE 400 AR only from regions intended for resection and assessed for cell count and density.

Results

Thirty-two patients with malignant gliomas were included in this study. BLUE 400 AR markedly enhanced the brightness of the surgical field, allowing superior discrimination of brain anatomy. A total of 128 biopsies from fluorescence margins were collected. Positive predictive value (PPV) was 98.44% (95% CI, 90.06–99.77%) for malignant glioma. Residual median cell density in non-fluorescent tissue was 13% (IQR 13 to 31). Perception of the location of fluorescent margins on HD images was equivalent for both filter combinations.

Conclusions

BLUE 400 AR demonstrated superior background compared with conventional BLUE 400 in malignant glioma surgery but comparable fluorescence margins and PPV. Therefore, BLUE 400 AR can be considered safe and effective in supporting malignant glioma surgery.
Impact of inertia and channel angles on flow distribution in microfluidic junctions
Authors: Blonski S. , Zaremba D. , Jachimek M. , Jakiela S. , Wacławczyk T. , Korczyk P. M.
Published: February 2020

In the present paper, we provide evidence of the vital impact of inertia on the flow in microfluidic networks, which is disclosed by the appearance of nonlinear velocity–pressure coupling. The experiments and numerical analysis of microfluidic junctions within the range of moderate Reynolds number (1 < Re < 250) revealed that inertial effects are of high relevance when Re > 10. Thus, our results estimate the applicability limit of the linear relationship between the flow rate and pressure drop in channels, commonly described by the so-called hydraulic resistance. Herein, we show that neglecting the nonlinear in their nature inertial effects can make such linear resistance-based approximation mistaken for the network operating beyond Re < 10. In the course of our research, we investigated the distribution of flows in connections of three channels in two flow modes. In the splitting mode, the flow from a common channel divides between two outputs, while in the merging mode, streams from two channels join together in a common duct. We tested a wide range of junction geometries characterized by parameters such as: (1) the angle between bifurcating channels (45°, 90°, 135° and 180°); (2) angle of the common channel relative to bifurcating channels (varied within the available range); (3) ratio of lengths of bifurcating channels (up to 8). The research revealed that the inertial effects strongly depend on angles between the channels. Additionally, we observed substantial differences between the distributions of flows in the splitting and merging modes in the same geometries, which reflects the non-reversibility of the motion of an inertial fluid. The promising aspect of our research is that for some combinations of both lengths and angles of the channels, the inertial contributions balance each other in such a way that the equations recover their linear character. In such an optimal configuration, the dependence on Reynolds number can be effectively mitigated.
The Support Interval
Authors: Wagenmakers Eric-Jan , Gronau Quentin F. , Dablander Fabian , Etz Alexander
Published: February 2020

A frequentist confidence interval can be constructed by inverting a hypothesis test, such that the interval contains only parameter values that would not have been rejected by the test. We show how a similar definition can be employed to construct a Bayesian support interval. Consistent with Carnap’s theory of corroboration, the support interval contains only parameter values that receive at least some minimum amount of support from the data. The support interval is not subject to Lindley’s paradox and provides an evidence-based perspective on inference that differs from the belief-based perspective that forms the basis of the standard Bayesian credible interval.
Associations between Ethnic Minority Status and Popularity in Adolescence: the role of Ethnic Classroom Composition and Aggression
Authors: Stevens Gonneke W. J. M. , Veldkamp Carolien , Harakeh Zeena , Laninga-Wijnen Lydia
Published: February 2020

Although there are theoretical reasons to expect an association between ethnic minority status and popularity, research on this topic is scarce. Therefore, this association was investigated including the moderating role of the ethnic classroom composition and the mediating role of aggression. Data from the longitudinal Dutch SNARE (Social Network Analysis of Risk behavior in Early adolescence) project were used among first-year students (comparable to 5th grade) (N = 1134, Nclassrooms = 51, M = 12.5 years, 137 non-Western ethnic minority students). Popularity and aggression were assessed with peer nominations. Multi-level Structural Equation Models showed that ethnic minority status was indirectly associated with higher popularity, through higher aggression. Moreover, with increasing numbers of ethnic minority students in the classroom, popularity levels of both ethnic majority and ethnic minority students decreased. Only when differences in aggression between ethnic minority and majority students were included in the analyses, while the ethnic classroom composition was not included, lower popularity levels were found for ethnic minority than ethnic majority students. Scientific and practical implications of this study were addressed in the discussion.