bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Coiled Tubing Intervention Practices on Extended-Reach Open-Hole Completion in a Field in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Meshal Fahad , Sabut Bangkong , Bawaked Waleed , Beheiri Faisal , Al-Mubairik Abdulrahman
Published: July 2010

The new generation of Power Water Injectors (PWI) wells with longer open-hole (OH) horizontal section has been grown significantly in Saudi Arabia especially in the new development fields. One of these new complex fields have been developed with over 120 PWI wells with OH sections in the range of 2,000-10,000 feet. While the long OH horizontal wells have several advantages, they also have a challenge for the rig-less intervention. This paper summarizes the development and enhancement of techniques implemented during the acid stimulation treatment of extended-reach wells using CT without mechanical assistant tools like vibration or CT tractors.

During the initial CT interventions in this field, several challenges were encountered, e.g., stuck CT due to pressure differentials and slack-off weight due to sudden dogleg or azimuth changes. Previous simulations and studies resulted to a combination of techniques to the CT intervention procedure to extend the CT reach and minimize the operational problems and costs. Remarkable improvements were achieved by performing additional simulation runs, correlating the CT weight loss vs. the horizontal sections geometry and analyzing all available operational data.

By incorporating enhanced intervention procedures based on the lessons learned from the previous jobs, a new reach records were achieved successfully on the wells with over 7,000 ft. As a result, additional cost savings were realized since most of the extended reach wells were stimulated without using CT tractor. One of these wells reached a total measured depth of 5 km and horizontal OH length of 3 km, which is the longest record in the region.
Effective Crude Oil Export Sales Management Towards a Robust Economy
Authors: Siddiqui M. Hameed , Rodricks Franklin
Published: July 2010

Saudi Aramco is a global supplier of crude oil and refined products whose mission continues to be the most reliable supplier of Hydrocarbons. Such a supplier needs a comprehensive supply chain management system to service its global customers with objectives to meet the reliability, safety, flexibility and cost-effectiveness. The key to success for developing and maintaining such an all-inclusive and 24/7/365 reliable supply chain management system must include a wide array of well defined and well tested processes that describe the business logistics, scheduling, inventory management alongside the finance and treasury critical processes with adequate details and checks and balances. There must be a robust verification and confirmation of all transactions that must obtain the necessary approvals with pre-determined workflow across different functional organizations and departments to safeguard the corporation and its business.

The business of crude oil export sales includes a wide array of business activities that goes on both in sequential and in parallel processes. The Information Management is the key to all critical decision making. The complex role of Information Technology Management includes the logistics of supply, transportation and distribution - terminals in and out-side Kingdom, ports, and pipelines.

This paper describes Saudi Aramco's Hydrocarbon Supply Chain Management (HSCM) system that is comprehensive, fully integrated and efficient solution, covering the entire gamut of crude oil and refined products export business process chain from sales contract creation and management to the final settlement. It has covered many organizations of the oil business such as oil supply planning, domestic and international sales & marketing, finance, accounting & billing, cash management & treasury, logistics, inventory management, corporate planning, overseas offices, inspection companies and overseas storage. Furthermore, it covers certain specific operations such as target production avails management and OPEC production limit compliance, loss control and potential demurrage control.

The HSCM system provides various crude oil lifting reports by customers, by country, by region, by crude grade - which is used as an efficient tool for market analysis - and pricing recommendation.
Successful Isolation of a Water Contribution Zone Using Fiber Optic Telemetry Enabled Coiled Tubing Conveyed Inflatable Packer Capped with Cement (Case Study)
Authors: Shawly Alaa S. , Dashash Alaa A. , Khateeb Bander F. , Muhammadi Ahmed H. , Bugrov Vsevolod , Kharrat Wassim , Bolarinwa Simeon
Published: July 2010

High water production may cause adverse effects on reservoir performance, which can result in production losses. To mitigate this situation it is crucial to utilize water management to reduce water production, optimize oil production, increase the well life and revive dead wells. One feasible option to isolate the water producing zone is a rigless water shut off (WSO) using mechanical isolation. This kind of operation is more challenging for horizontal wells with open hole completion.

This paper will demonstrate the impact of a successful WSO on overall performance of a horizontal open hole producer with 4,600 ft of reservoir contact. The well produced with 58.5% water cut and the production log showed that most of the water was coming from the toe of the horizontal section.

This paper highlights a mechanical rigless WSO method used to isolate a water contribution zone using a fiber optic telemetry enabled coiled tubing (CT) conveyed inflatable packer capped with cement. Fiber Optic Coil Tubing (FOCT) provides real- time downhole temperature, pressure (inside and outside the CT) and casing collar locator (CCL) measurements used to achieve accurate packer setting depth, confirm packer setting and ensure the suitability of the cement recipe. The complete cycle of candidate selection is addressed.
Best Practices in Khurais Complex Development
Authors: Al-Mulhim Waleed A. , Al-Ajmi Fahad A. , Al-Shehab Mahdi A. , Pham Tony R.
Published: July 2010

This article discusses the upstream development of Khurais field, referred to here interchangeably as the Khurais complex, consisting of several fields and reservoirs with a capacity of 1.2 million barrels per day (MMBPD) of Arabian Light crude. It describes the planning, execution and leveraging of technologies coupled with best industry practices to deliver the target rate while reducing the unit development cost, increasing the well productivities and expanding the reserves base. At the beginning of the project, a high resolution 3D seismic program was successfully performed to characterize the reservoir structure and geological features. Coupled with vertical-horizontal delineation wells, additional reserves were delineated and added to the development. To reduce the unit development cost, this article will show that the project utilizes a complex well architecture with a combination of maximum reservoir contact (MRC), multilateral, and horizontal wells, as well as smart completion (SC), smart electrical submersible pump (ESP), and passive inflow control devices to achieve and sustain the target rates. The development also sets the stage for technology leveraging in the future by drilling wells with large wellbores, allowing flexibility for the next-generation of complex well architecture while pursuing fit-for-purpose technologies through joint ventures and Saudi Aramco’s Exploration and Petroleum Engineering Center - Advanced Research Center (EXPEC ARC).

The article illustrates that the Khurais development is unique not only in terms of its size but also in terms of special technology applications, and its complexity with respect to the development of multiple fields and reservoirs with proper utilization of many complementing technologies. Through Saudi Aramco best practices, all of these are part of the development plan, which utilizes applications of advanced mathematical models in the form of multi- objective functions and probabilistic modeling techniques, such as Experimental Design and Monte Carlo simulations. The final development plan mitigates the development risk and optimizes oil off-take from different reservoirs and areas with respect to well placement, ESP design, depletion rates, injection production ratio, number of injectors and producers, pressure support, sweep efficiency, flood front conformance and oil recovery. The best practices also include real-time geosteering to ensure the horizontal laterals are directed through the best pay possible.

The efforts have paid off as field-tests of the producers, at the time this article was written, show three to five times productivity improvement compared to existing vertical wells in the fields. The development also goes beyond the initial stage of the production as Khurais is the company flagship for intelligent field (I-Field) technologies in real-time data gathering, transmission and operation remote controlling to enable continuous monitoring and optimization of the field development and reservoir performance.
Maximizing Recovery of Attic Oil from Highly-Fractured Crestal Area Using Horizontal Skimmers: A Case Study
Authors: Al-Julaih Ali , Fischbuch Brett , Pinero Nelson , Al-Zahrani Tareq
Published: July 2010

This paper presents the re-development strategy employed to recover attic oil from the highly-fractured crestal area of a carbonate reservoir. Optimum re-development strategies for the crestal area, along with planning and execution incorporating Best in Class (BiC) reservoir management practices are discussed.

The crestal area was previously developed using full penetration vertical wells. After many years of continuous production and nearby injection, oil production rates in these crestal wells have declined with increasing water cut.

The re-development strategy has been tailored to exploit this challenging opportunity and to maximize the production efficiently with selective placement of horizontal skimmer wells at the very top of the structure. Fit-for-purpose completion technologies were deployed to address the effects of the extensive fractures. Tapping oil continuously flowing into the crestal area by displacement, gravity, and capillary mechanisms, this re-development strategy has resulted in efficient and sustainable production.
Traditional Cambodian Medicine
Authors: Richman Mark J , Nawabi Suhaila , Patty Lauren , Ziment Irwin
Published: July 2010

In 2006 and 2007, the authors visited Siem Reap, Cambodia for eight weeks. To understand the spectrum of Cambodian healthcare, we investigated traditional medical practices and herbal medicines in addition to Western medical practice. Our hosts were English-speaking physicians and translators. At the provincial hospital medicine/surgical wards, government satellite clinics, pharmacies, and street vendors, we inquired about and observed Cambodian traditional medical practices. We supplement these observations with literature review. Traditional Cambodian medical practices are widely used. They share with Chinese medicine three explanatory models of disease: supernaturalistic theory, naturalistic theory, and maintenance of hot/cold (yin/yang) balance. Four forms of therapy are delivered by medical and para-medical personnel: spirit offerings, dermabrasion, maintaining hot/cold balance, and herbal medicines. Specific examples include use of tattoos/religious medals; healing ceremonies; dermabrasion; and consumption of hot or cold foods/medicines. Non-prescription herbal preparations are cheaply available in markets. Specific treatments exist for certain symptoms and conditions, including asthma and pregnancy. Recent studies have demonstrated several promising Cambodian medicinal plants. Future investigations may identify the scientific names and characteristics of additional widely-used herbal medicines. Visiting medical volunteers should learn the importance of indigenous Cambodian medical practices and herbs in the healing process.
Incentive Effect of Piece-Rate Contracts: Evidence from Two Small Field Experiments
Authors: Shi Lan
Published: July 2010

We conducted two field experiments in a tree-thinning setting. In one experiment, we switched the pay of a randomly chosen half (the treatment group) from hourly wages to piece-rate pay. Workers in the control group were paid hourly wages throughout. In the second experiment, workers were switched from hourly to piece-rate pay all at once. The difference-in-difference and before-after estimates suggest that the productivity increase was on the order of 20-23 percent. Although the sample size is small, the estimates are statistically significant and robust. While the quality did not drop, the study highlights the measurement costs in setting up the right level of piece rates. We also discuss the strengths and weaknesses of using randomized control (and treatment) groups or not in conducting field experiments within firms.
CFD simulation of the hydrodynamics and mixing time in a stirred tank
Authors: Ochieng Aoyi , Onyango Maurice
Published: July 2010

Hydrodynamics and mixing efficiency in stirred tanks influence power draw and are therefore important for the design of many industrial processes. In the present study, both experimental and simulation methods were employed to determine the flow fields in different mixing tank configurations in single phase system. The laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques were used to determine the flow fields in systems with and without a draft tube. There was a reasonable agreement between the simulation and experimental results. It was shown that the use of a draft tube with the Rushton turbine and hydrofoil impeller resulted in a reduction in the homogenization energy by 19.2% and 17.7%, respectively. This indicates that a reduction in the operating cost can be achieved with the use of a draft tube in a stirred tank and there would be a greater cost reduction in a system stirred by the Rushton turbine compared to that stirred by a propeller.
Synthesis, spectral and single crystal X-ray structural studies on bis(2,2’-bipyridine)sulphido M(II) (M=Cu, Zn) and diaquo 2,2’-bipyridine zinc(II)sulphate dihydrate
Authors: Manohar Arumugam , Ramalingam Kuppukannu , Bocelli Gabriele , Cantoni Andrea
Published: July 2010

Reaction of bis(diethanoldithiocarbamato)copper(II), [Cu(deadtc)2] and bis(di-n-propyldithiocarbamato)zinc(II), [Zn(dnpdtc)2] complexes with 2,2?-bipyridine (2,2?-bipy) (1:1 ratio) in ethanol was investigated. Simple mixing of the reactants in 1:1 ratio resulted in five-coordinated [Cu(2,2?-bipy)2S]CH3CH2OSO3H (1) and [Zn(2,2?-bipy)2S]CH3CH2OSO3H.2H2O (2). Refluxing the reactants and cooling the contents result in the formation of [Zn(2,2?-bipy)(H2O)2]SO4 (3) and [Cu(2,2?-bipy)(H2O)2]SO4 (4). Complexes 1 and 2 are monomeric with trigonal bipyramidal geometry. A distorted octahedral environment was observed in complexes 3 and 4. The crystal structure of 4 has already been reported in the literature. Crystal structures of 1, 2 and 3 are reported in this paper. The M-S distances in 1 and 2 are 2.318(1) ? and 2.323 ?, respectively. The N-M-S angles are larger than the N-M-N angles due to the steric requirements.
Antibacterial Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes with biacetyl-derived Schiff bases
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Liviu Mitu , Latif Shoomaila , Mahmood Zaid , Naimat Imtiaz , Zaman Sana , Fatima Surrya
Published: July 2010

The condensation reactions of biacetyl with orthohydroxyaniline and 2-aminobenzoic acid to form bidendate NO donor Schiff bases were studied. The prepared Schiff base ligands were further utilized for the formation of metal chelates having the general formula [ML2.2H2O] where M = Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) and L = HL1 and HL2. These new compounds were characterized by conductance measurements, magnetic susceptibility measurements, elemental analysis, and IR, 1H-NMR and electronic spectroscopy. Both Schiff base ligands were found to have a mono-anionic bidentate nature and octahedral geometry was assigned to all metal complexes. All the complexes contained coordinated water which was lost at 141-160 ?C. These compounds were also screened for their in-vitro antibacterial activity against four bacterial species, namely; Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Bacillus subtillis. The metal complexes were found to have greater antibacterial activity than the uncomplexed Schiff base ligands.
Variation in morphology of Teucrium polium aggr. populations in Bulgaria
Authors: Pavlova Dolja , Vasileva Magdalena
Published: July 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate natural serpentine and non-serpentine populations of Teucrium polium aggr. and to document the differences in their morphological traits, as well as estimate which characters are most likely contributing to differentiation of the populations. Nine populations distributed both on and off serpentine soils were investigated, and 12 different morphological features of 270 individuals were studied by univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. The results did not demonstrate clear delimitation of the serpentine from the non-serpentine populations. Using these ecotypes as classification factors in the discriminant analysis, it can be stated that stem height, leaf length in the fifth leaf pair, internode length between the fourth and the fifth leaf pairs, and corolla tube length are features with the greatest discriminant ability. The character variation was generally higher for the vegetative features, while reproductive features failed to demonstrate clear differences. The similarity groupings indicated by the cluster analysis were synchronous with groups distinguished by both the discriminant and PCA analyses. Significant differences were observed between sets of vegetative characters in all populations investigated.
Extract from Conyza canadensis as a modulator of plasma protein oxidation induced by peroxynitrite in vitro
Authors: Saluk-Juszczak Joanna , Olas Beata , Nowak Paweł , Wachowicz Barbara , Bald Edward , Głowacki Rafał , Pawlaczyk Izabela , Gancarz Roman
Published: July 2010

The antioxidative activity of the extract from Conyza canadensis in plasma treated with peroxynitrite (ONOO−) (0.1 mM) was studied. C. canadensis is known to possess a broad set of pharmacological effects because of content of various antioxidants, antiplatelet and anticoagulant compounds. The aim of our study was to assess if this extract protects plasma proteins against oxidative/nitrative damages induced by ONOO−. The plasma components are continuously exposed to reactive oxygen/nitrogen species action. Peroxynitrite evokes oxidative stress and induces undesirable effects in biological systems and causes damage to biomolecules. The extract from Conyza (50–2500 mg/ml) caused a dose-dependent reduction of protein nitration by 90%. The oxidation of plasma proteins was diminished by about 75%. ONOO− oxidized the plasma thiol groups and this process was inhibited by tested extract. The level of reduced protein thiols was increased thrice at the lowest concentration of extract (50 mg/ml). The highest concentration of extract decreased twice the level of protein thiols in reduced forms and increased the homocysteine level about 4.5 times. The obtained results demonstrated that the extract from Conyza possesses antioxidative properties in vitro, protects plasma proteins against toxicity induced by peroxynitrite and has modulating effects on thiol/disulfide redox status.
Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome Presenting With Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis in a Five Month Infant
Authors: Borghei Amirmasoud , Azizi Mahba
Published: July 2010

Familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) is a rare disease characterized by severe fastinghypertriglyceridemia and chylomicronemia, which is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. It isarisen from apolipoprotein C-ll deficiency or Lipoprotein Lipase(LPL) Deficiency.We report a 5-month-oldmale infant FCS presenting with acute abdominal pain and post surgical diagnosis of acute necrotizingpancreatitis.Key words: Pancreatitis; chylomicronemia; hyperlipidemia; lipoprotein lipase.DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v30i2.2431J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. May-August, 2010 Vol 30(2) 110-112
Corporal Punishment in Nepalese School Children: Facts, Legalities and Implications
Authors: Mishra Navin , Thakur Kashi Kant , Koirala Rabin , Shrestha Devendra , Poudel Rakesh , Jha Rajanee
Published: July 2010

While the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) demands that children be respected as humanbeings with the right to dignity and physical integrity, in Nepal corporal punishment is often considerednecessary to children’s upbringing, to facilitate learning and to instill discipline in the children. Theexistence of this cruel practice towards children is attributed to the weak national policy, unhealthyacademic competition among the schools, poorly trained teachers, superstitious traditional beliefs andhierarchical social structure. Consequently, the children are doomed to suffer this practice resulting innegative physical, mental and social welfare. Besides corporal punishment, sexual abuse in schoolgoing children seems to be frequent but mostly unreported. This is high time we eliminated this violenceagainst children in schools and it calls for holistic approach. For this, it is necessary to pursue a set codeof conduct and raise awareness among the teachers for the child rights in order to stop undignified,inhuman and undisciplined tradition. The awareness and capacity of the health professionals to deal withcomplexities of the child abuse also needs to be promoted. Furthermore, the need of improvements inthe national laws and their proper implementation is a longstanding challenge for the governmental andnongovernmental organizations.Key words: child abuse; child rights; corporal punishment; psychologicalDOI: 10.3126/jnps.v30i2.2929J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. May-August, 2010 Vol 30(2) 98-109
Conflict of Interest in Peer-Reviewed Medical Journals: The World Association of Medical Editors (WAME) Position on a Challenging Problem
Authors: Ferris Lorraine E , Fletcher Robert H
Published: July 2010

("This Editorial may appear in other medical and biomedical journals whose editors are members of WAME." Note toWAME Members: This editorial is being offered for publication in WAME member journals at the discretion oftheir editors. WAME retains copyright.)DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v30i2.3447J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. May-August, 2010 Vol 30(2) 73-76
A Randomized Trial of Ligustrazini Hydrochlorioi in the Treatment of Viral Encephalitis in Children
Authors: Jiao Fuyong , Guo Xiangyang , Lin Jin , Cui Wei , Li Huirong
Published: July 2010

Introduction: Chuanxiong is a herb used in traditional Chinese medicine for the Treatment of viralencephalitis. In animal studies it has shown to inhibit the synthesis and activity of Thromboxane (TXA2)and abate the imbalance between Thromboxane (TXA2) and Prostacyclin (PGI2). As a result, cerebraledema, ischemia and hypoxia could be improved. The aim of this study is to evaluate its effect in thetreatment of viral encephalitis in children. Methodology: Ninety-nine patients with viral encephalitiswere randomly divided into two groups. Ligustrazini Hydrochlorioi (LH) consisting of 51 cases (males30, females 21; age 5 years and nine month ±8 years and 2month) was given LH 4mg/kg per day in 100-300mls of 10% glucose and infused intravenously over a three to four hour period, for 7 days as a courseof treatment. A control groups of 48 cases (males 31, females 17; age 5 years and three month ±4 yearsand three month) received the conventional treatment of Vitamin C(2.0-3.0g), Coenzyme A(100u) andAdenosine Triphosphate (ATP) (40mg) in 100-300 mls of 10% glucose infused intravenously daily for 7days. Results: The total response rate in the LH group and the control group were 94.12% and 68.75%respectively (u=3.271 p<0.05). The average time to improvement was 4.29±1.41 days and 7.31±2.66days respectively. No adverse effect was observed in both groups. Conclusion: We conclude that LH isan effective, safe and well tolerated treatment for children encephalitis.Key words: Cerebral Oedema; Encephalitis; Ligustrazini HydrochlorioiDOI: 10.3126/jnps.v30i2.3451J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. May-August, 2010 Vol 30(2) 119-122
National Professor Dr. M. Innas Ali
Authors: Ali M Shamsher
Published: July 2010

DOI: 10.3329/jbas.v34i1.5485Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol.34, No.1, 2010
Reduction of COD and pH of Textile Industrial Effluents by Aquatic Macrophytes and Algae
Authors: Roy R , Fakhruddin ANM , Khatun R , Islam MS
Published: July 2010

Effluents samples collected from post discharge of equalization tanks of local compositetextile mills of Saver were treated with aquatic macrophytes, algae and their combination. Theywere found to be effective for the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and pH. Sixty nineper cent of COD was reduced with the combination treatment of Nostoc, Eichhornia crassipes andPistia stratiotes. With the combination treatment of Nostoc and E. crassipes reduced 65 per centCOD in glass containers. pH was reduced from 11.2 to 8.6. Between earthen and glass containers,glass container was found to be more effective.Key words: Industrial effluents; COD; pH; Aquatic macrophytes; AlgaeDOI: 10.3329/jbas.v34i1.5487Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol.34, No.1, 9-14, 2010
Numerical Simulation of a Mathematical Traffic Flow Model Based on a Nonlinear Velocity-Density Function
Authors: Kabir MH , Gani MO , Andallah LS
Published: July 2010

A mathematical macroscopic traffic flow model known as Lighthill, Whitham and Richards(LWR) model appended with a closure nonlinear velocity-density relationship yielding a quasilinearfirst order (hyperbolic) partial differential equation as an initial boundary value problem(IBVP) was considered. The traffic model IBVP by finite difference method which leads to a firstorder explicit upwind difference scheme was discretized. Computer programs for theimplementation of the numerical scheme and perform numerical experiments in order to verifysome qualitative traffic flow behaviour for various traffic parameters were developed.Key words: Numerical simulation; Traffic flow model; Nonlinear velocity; Density functionDOI: 10.3329/jbas.v34i1.5488Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol.34, No.1, 15-22, 2010
An Asymptotic Investigation of the Non-stationary Modes of Instability on a Rotating-disk in the Presence of a Large Magnetic Field Strength
Authors: Jasmine HA
Published: July 2010

Asymptotic solutions for stationary and non-stationary modes for the upper and lower branchdisturbances assuming large scale magnetic fields are investigated. A triple deck structure whichgoverns the lower branch modes for a large scale magnetic field is displayed. The wavenumbersand waveangle calculated from the eigenrelations α ≈ 2.62m5/4r-1/2, β ≈ 0.78 m1/4 r1/2, φ = 0.298m-1r, to be consistent with the numerical results for large scale magnetic fields.Key words: Magnetic field; Instability; Rotating-disk flowDOI: 10.3329/jbas.v34i1.5491Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol.34, No.1, 49-58, 2010
Energy Intensity and Productivity in Relation to Agriculture-Bangladesh Perspective
Authors: Khosruzzaman Shaikh , Asgar M Ali , Rahman KM Rezaur , Akbar Showkat
Published: July 2010

Results of the energy intensity and overall energetic efficiency show that total energy outputincreased from 69.87 to 82.08 GJha-1, with increasing commercial energy input from 17.94 to 27.10GJha-1 during 1990 to 2005. The corresponding increase in energy intensity was 45.67 to 54.47MJ/US$(2000). Energetic efficiency, calculated as the ratio of total output to input for differentcrops, using weight factor, decreased from 3.97 to 3.03. The energetic efficiency declines withincreasing energy input, and the result indicates that input energy increases faster compared toenergy output. The mechanization index increased from 64 to 78%. However, the main goal beingmaximization of the output per unit agricultural land, the estimated change in efficiency withincreasing input can play an important role in choosing the appropriate input for optimum output.Key words: Energy intensity; Productivity; AgricultureDOI: 10.3329/jbas.v34i1.5492Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol.34, No.1, 59-70, 2010
Non-existence of an Inviscid Fluid Motion between Two Fixed Cylinders
Authors: Ahammad M Jalal
Published: July 2010

A problem on the plane inviscid and irrotational fluid motion due to the presence of a linesource and sink in the region between two fixed co-axial circular cylinders is considered in terms ofthe stream function. It has been shown that the solution of the problem is not possible in the light ofthe Eulerian theory of inviscid fluid motion.Key words: Non-existence; Inviscid fluid motion; Fixed cylinderDOI: 10.3329/jbas.v34i1.5494Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol.34, No.1, 83-87, 2010
Radioactivity Levels in Water-hyacinth Samples of Major Water-Bodies in the District of Jessore, Bangladesh
Authors: Kabir KA , Islam SMA , Rahman MM
Published: July 2010

Natural and fallout radioactivity concentrations in the water-hyacinth samples collected from 22major water-bodies of the district of Jessore, Bangladesh, were measured with a low level gamma rayspectrometry system consisting of a high resolution HPGe coaxial detector. Energy and efficiencycalibration of the detector have been done with the standard sources supplied by the International AtomicEnergy Agency (IAEA).Key words: Baor; Natural lake; Radioactivity; Water-hyacinthDOI: 10.3329/jbas.v34i1.5496Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol.34, No.1, 95-97, 2010
In Vitro Antimicrobial Sensitivity of Escherichia coli Isolated from Clinical Sources
Authors: Shahriar Mohammad , Hossain Mahboob , Kabir Shaila
Published: July 2010

A study of antimicrobial sensitivity of Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from clinical sourcesof different diagnostic centers of Dhaka, Bangladesh was carried out to facilitate the choice of drugin the management of E. coli induced symptoms. Very low sensitivity of E. coli towards ampicillin(4%), aztreonam (4%), cloxacillin (5%), nalidixic acid (5%), ciprofloxacin (7.5%), ceftriaxone(12.5%), doxycycline (12.5%), ceftazidime (16.25%), co-trimoxazole (20%), chloramphenicol(22.51%), tetracycline (25%), and netilmicin (35%) was observed. Higher sensitivity pattern wasobserved for gentamicin (56%) and only imipenem (95%) showed sensitivity pattern possiblysusceptible enough to consider for the management of E. coli induced cases in the area under study.The low sensitivity to different antimicrobial could be attributed to their prevailing usage and abusein the area under study.Key words: E. coli; Antimicrobial sensitivity; Clinical isolatesDOI: 10.3329/jbas.v34i1.5497Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol.34, No.1, 99-101, 2010
Is Participation in After-School Physical Activity Associated with Increased Total Physical Activity? A Study of High School Pupils in the Czech Republic
Authors: Pelclová Jana , Ansari Walid El , Vašíčková Jana
Published: July 2010

This study assessed the physical activity (PA) levels and its variability across days, months and seasons of two groups of high school pupils: those who did and those who did not participate in regular organized after-school physical activity (ASPA). Thirteen pupils wore pedometers continuously for one school-year, logged their step counts into record sheets and were then interviewed for information as regards their participation in any ASPA. Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that regardless of the day, month and season, ASPA pupils achieved significantly more mean step counts/day than the non-ASPA pupils. There were no significant fluctuations across months and seasons in PA levels of ASPA pupils when compared to non-ASPA pupils. We conclude that regular organised ASPA might increase the pupils’ total PA levels; and could help to maintain a relatively constant PA level for adolescents across the whole school-year regardless of the influences of a range of weather and meteorological indicators that are related to months/seasons.
Cytotoxic Cembranes from Indonesian Specimens of the Soft Coral Nephthea sp.
Authors: Januar Hedi Indra , Chasanah Ekowati , Motti Cherie A. , Tapiolas Dianne M. , Liptrot Catherine H. , D. Wright Anthony
Published: July 2010

Methanol extracts of two specimens of the soft coral Nephthea sp. collected from the Seribu Islands, Indonesia, were active in an anticancer bioassay. One new (1) and four known diterpenes (2–5) based on the cembrane carbon skeleton were isolated from these extracts, as was arachidonic acid (8). The structures of all compounds were elucidated using NMR, including 1,1-ADEQUATE and 1D gradient selective NOESY where applicable to determine the relative stereochemistry. Spectroscopic data, including 1H and 13C NMR, UV, IR and optical rotations are reported when enough material was available and where this has not been done previously. Inhibition assays employing three cancer cell lines; SF-268 (CNS), MCF-7 (breast), and H460 (lung) were used to guide the isolation of all compounds.
Human Milk Banking–Facts and Issues to Resolve
Authors: Corpeleijn Willemijn E. , Vermeulen Marijn J. , Van Vliet Ineke , Kruger I. Caroline , Van Goudoever Johannes B.
Published: July 2010

The number of human milk banks is increasing worldwide. Although the beneficial effects of feeding premature infants with their mother’s milk are well documented, less is known about the effects of feeding these infants with pasteurized donor milk. We propose a randomized trial comparing the effects of a 100% human milk-based diet (human milk supplemented with a human milk-derived fortifier) and a diet (partially) based on bovine milk. In theory, human milk has a beneficial effect on various aspects of human physiology, most of which become apparent after infancy. We therefore propose an extensive follow-up program that takes this aspect into consideration. Other issues concerning the practice of human milk banks need to be addressed as well as optimization of the feeding strategies for preterm infants.
The Greenhouse Gas Inventory of Louisiana State University: A Case Study of the Energy Requirements of Public Higher Education in the United States
Authors: Moerschbaecher Matthew , Day John W.
Published: July 2010

Higher education institutions play a leading role in sustainability efforts nationwide. Not only do these institutions require large quantities of energy to function but also their research role often lays the groundwork for social transformation. The purpose of this study was to estimate the annual greenhouse gas emissions primarily from energy usage at Louisiana State University. Total energy use is 2.43 million MMBtu resulting in per capita GHG emissions of 6.1 Metric Tons CO2e, which is low compared to many other universities because of lower utility costs. This calculation does not account for total indirect energy use by the university community. Several alternatives for reducing energy use and emissions are considered.
A Simple Method to Evaluate Residual Renal Function by Spot Urinary Cystatin C-to-Creatinine Ratio in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Adachi Yoko , Nishio Akira
Published: July 2010

Residual renal function (RRF) is a key element in the management of chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, and 24-hour creatinine clearance (24-h Ccr) and arithmetic mean of creatinine and urea nitrogen clearances [24-h (Ccr+Curea)/2] are still standard clinical techniques for the assessment of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to represent RRF. However, it is sometimes difficult to monitor urine collection for 24 hours, especially in outpatients, and it requires serum sampling. Therefore, we devised a new and simple method to measure RRF in prevalent PD patients. Levels of urinary cystatin C (Cys-C) and creatinine in spot urine samples [24-h (Ccr+Curea)/2] were measured in 15 stable Japanese PD patients. Although no statistical correlation was seen between Cys-C and 24-h (Ccr+Curea)/2 values, a strong correlation was found between the spot urine Cys-C-to-creatinine ratio [U (Cys-C/Cr)] and 24-h (Ccr+Curea)/2. By simple linear regression analysis, the following regression equation was derived: y = 17.0 – 6.1x, where x = log 10000*U (Cys-C/Cr) ratio and y = 24-h (Ccr+Curea)/2. Measurement of U (Cys-C/Cr) ratio does not require serum sampling or 24-hour urine collection but requires only a spot urine sample. We suggest that the U (Cys-C/Cr) ratio is a simple and easy screening method to estimate GFR in PD patients.
Synthesis of 2a,8b-Dihydrocyclobuta[a]naphthalene-3,4-diones
Authors: Schmidt Kerstin , Margaretha Paul
Published: July 2010

On irradiation (λ = 350 nm) in neat hex-1-yne, naphthalene-1,2-dione monoacetals 1 afford mixtures of pentacyclic photodimers and up to 25% (isolated yield) of mixed photocycloadducts 2. Careful acidic hydrolysis of the acetal function of 2 gives the title compounds 3, the overall sequence representing a first approach to a (formal) [2 + 2] photocycloadduct of a 1,2-naphthoquinone to an alkyne.
Effect of newer oral antiviral agents on future therapy of chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Perrillo Robert P , Marcellin Patrick
Published: July 2010

The authors would like to report an error that appeared in Figure 1 of a recently published article [1]. There should be no indication of a substitution at M204V/I associated with tenofovir. The corrected version is shown below (Figure 1). The authors apologize for this mistake.
Métrica para la evaluación de la accesibilidad en Internet: propuesta y testeo
Authors: Serrano Mascaraque Esmeralda , Moratilla Ocaña Alberto , Olmeda Martos Ignacio
Published: July 2010

Las herramientas de evaluación automática de la accesibilidad Web son un método rápido y oportuno; pero para conocer el grado de cumplimiento real de las recomendaciones de diseño es necesario complementarlo con el juicio personal de un experto. Se requiere una propuesta metodológica que combine técnicas manuales y automáticas para evaluar ﬁdedignamente el nivel de accesibilidad de las plataformas Web. Esta métrica debe ser exhaustiva, ya que debe introducir las pautas que contempla la Web Accessibility Initiative, precisa y carente de ambigüedad. En el presente artículo, se abordará el planteamiento de un nuevo cuestionario dirigido a expertos, dotado de mayor objetividad y claridad en la formulación de las variables, que permitirá aportar una valoración más real de la accesibilidad Web y acorde con la normativa legislativa exigida. Finalmente, será implementado para ratiﬁcar su validez y consistencia.
Problemas planteados en la creación de índices de citas en el área de Humanidades: la base de datos ModernitasCitas y las publicaciones de Historia Moderna
Authors: Fernández Izquierdo Francisco , Osca-Lluch Julia , López Mayte , Sendra Roig Juansa , Rubio Liniers María Cruz
Published: July 2010

En este artículo se presentan algunos de los problemas encontrados en la extracción y homologación de referencias bibliográﬁcas en una selección de revistas españolas de historia moderna y la creación de un índice de citas de revistas españolas de esta disciplina. ModernitasCitas ha sido concebida como una base de datos para reunir y proveer información sobre la investigación española en historia moderna. Se presentan algunos datos sobre las diﬁcultades y resultados obtenidos en la realización de un proyecto cuyo propósito central es servir de instrumento útil no sólo para los investigadores de esta disciplina sino también para los estudiosos y analistas de la ciencia, así como los generadores de datos estadísticos e indicadores de producción cientíﬁca.
Modeltests and simulations on a wave energy converter based on inverse offshore engineering
Authors: Buchner Bas
Published: July 2010

This paper presents the initial simulations and model tests into the ‘Green Water Concept’ for wave energy conversion. Instead of reducing the motions and green water as is done in normal offshore hydrodynamics, the ‘Green Water Concept’ tries to maximise the motions and green water through ‘inverse engineering’ to generate electric energy from the waves. First, results are presented of frequency domain calculations for the motion (de-) optimisation. Second, pilot model tests on the ‘Green Water Concept’ are presented. These tests also included the initial modelling of an electric and hydraulic Power Take Off (PTO). The accurate modelling of a PTO is an important aspect in testing of wave energy conversion concepts numerically and in a wave tank: at the moment that energy is converted into electricity in the PTO, the hydrodynamic behaviour of the structure is changing. The tests confirmed the high motions and large amount of green water of the Green Water Concept as predicted in simulations. The application of a real PTO gave important insight in the possibilities and challenges of PTO modelling at model scale. For the present concept a mean Power (at full-scale) close to 1MW was generated in a regular wave of H=3.0m for the maximum possible setting in the chosen test set-up. This setting was limited by the chosen mechanical and electronic motor set-up in this pilot test series, not the actual maximum of the Green Water Concept itself. Considering the test results, it is clear that the potential of the system is significantly larger.

Figure 1

Background

Wave energy is a concentrated form of wind energy: the wind transfers energy into the waves over a long fetch. Cruz [1] has estimated that Europe has an average wave power of 50kW per metre width of wave front [1]. Others [2] indicate that worldwide the economically exploitable amount of wave energy is estimated at 2,000 TWh/year, an average power of 200GW over a year. This is equivalent of 200 large power stations. The challenge is to generate a predictable amount of energy, in a reliable way, at a reasonable cost.
Fatigue Life Extension Procedure for Offshore Structures by Ultrasonic Peening
Authors: Martinez Luis Lopez
Published: July 2010

The service life of a FPSO is limited by the structural integrity of the ship's hull. Furthermore the structural integrity is mainly governed by the fatigue resistance of critical welded details. In a FPSO installation these details are among others pallet stool brackets welds and longitudinal weld connections to web frames and to bulkheads in ballast tanks.

Ultrasonic Peening can improve the fatigue resistance of welded joints. Fatigue test results show a life extension of four times for high stress ranges and up to ten times for high cycle fatigue. For weld details which have already consumed half of their fatigue life ultrasonic peening treatment resets the clock to zero, as a minimum value.

Consequently ultrasonic peening treatment was applied on FPSO Triton on fatigue sensitive weld connections with the objective to extend the service life of this offshore installation.

The economical benefits due to reduced maintenance as a result of the ultrasonic peening treatment include:Avoidance of a long term plan for extensive hot workAvoidance of long and unscheduled operational disruptionsIncreased structural safety for the installation during the remaining service life

1. Introduction

The application of fatigue life improvement techniques is gaining popularity in the last years. Classification Societies have been focusing more and more on these and the latest document dealing with it [1] presents recommendations for weld toe profiling by machining and grinding, weld toe grinding, TIG-dressing and hammer peening. The other important document in respect to the execution of improvement techniques is the IIW Recommendations, which contains extensive reference data for various fatigue life improvement techniques and quality assurance and control of their application [2]. Besides these documents an evaluation of different fatigue life improvement techniques including their interaction with parent plate strength showed that ultrasonic peening is a promising method due to achieved improvement combined with its simple application [3]. As late as November 2009 ABS presented Notice No. 3 to its Guidance Notes where a general acceptance of ultrasonic peening for reconditioning of structures is stated [4].

Fatigue life improvement techniques can contribute to reduce maintenance cost by avoidance of recurring weld repairs. Furthermore life extension techniques are the only remedy when higher stresses and/or fatigue cracks occur in a structure with many years remaining service life. One of the most promising techniques currently used to extend the fatigue life of welded joints is ultrasonic peening. The technique consist of introducing a groove at the weld toe, " cleaning?? the weld toe from possible crack sites as well as introducing compressive stresses during the same and solely working operation. The effect of " cleaning?? the weld toe region as well as the introduction of a weld toe groove, which decreases the geometrical stress concentration, have undisputed benefits which are also easy to quantify.
Development of a Combination Corrosion-Scale Inhibitor for the Subsea Separation and Boosting Systems of the Parque das Conchas Project in Brazil
Authors: Silvestri Maximilian A. , Emmons Daniel Hugh , Linares-samaniego Sandra , Gingrich Randy
Published: July 2010

The deepwater, low pressure reservoirs, developed as part of the Parque das Conchas project, located in block BC- 10 offshore Brazil, require artificial lift for most of their field lives to enable flow. The complexity of the artificial lift system presents a host of challenges in terms of flow assurance and asset integrity. This paper presents our laboratory efforts in developing and qualifying a novel combination corrosion-scale inhibitor (CI/SI) that is effective under these challenging conditions. This represents the first time a combination product has been developed in the oil and gas industry for a deepwater artificial lift system.

Subsea boosting and separation are integral parts of the successful development and production of oil and gas from this deepwater project. The Parque das Conchas project employs subsea separators and electric submersible pumps contained within subsurface caissons. Electric submersible pumps are particularly sensitive to corrosion and scale formation due to extreme skin temperatures that can develop and often require continuous chemical injection to control these problems.

The application of these chemical solutions occurs via subsea umbilicals. However, limitations in the availability of umbilical lines require the use of combination chemical solutions that effectively and simultaneously control corrosion and scale problems.

High temperature rotating cage autoclave experiments as well as scale inhibitor bottle tests and dynamic tube block tests were utilized to qualify this custom combination corrosion-scale inhibitor. Conditions for both corrosion and scale testing were based on the caisson and flowline environments. The laboratory results suggest that the combination product is effective at mitigating corrosion and scale deposition under these simulated conditions. The product also displays broad chemical compatibility with produced fluids and other production chemicals. The combination corrosion-scale inhibitor also displays enhanced thermal stability, unique to this subsea application.

This chemistry is the first qualified combination product for mitigation of corrosion and scale for a deepwater development requiring both subsea boosting and separation.