bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The No2 Gas Welding Exposure with Saturation Oxygen Levels in Commerce
Authors: Nofrianti Dewi Anggun
Published: January 2019

Welding is one of the basic process in the manufacture of an item with metal material. This process have a risk that can be dangerous. One of the risk is the gas poisoning. NO2 gas can decrease the oxygen level in the body. This is because NO2 gas have corrosive characteristic for body and can causes infection in respiratory tract. The purpose of this study is to describe the levels of NO2 exposure on welding process with oxygen saturation levels in employees in the commerce division welding at PT PAL Indonesia (Persero). The design of this research is a cross sectional study. The sample in this study was 9 welding employees, whereas the control variables in this study is 9 respondents that were not exposed from NO2 gas. Sample was taken with purposive sampling method that restricted with criteria that have been set. The independent variable was NO2 level, while the dependent variable was oxygen saturation level in the blood. This research was descriptive research. The results of this research showed the oxygen saturation levels at commerce division employees of PT PAL Indonesia (Persero) in normal value that is between 95-100% and the rate of NO2 gas in the commerce division area of PT. PAL Indonesia (Persero) is under the threshold value that has been set. Conclusions in this study was gas exposure not exceeded the threshold value and the employees had normal of oxygen saturation levels. So it is needed to do routine monitoring about the levels of NO2 gas to reduce the risk of exposure. as well as make more green space in the welding area.
Numerical Simulation and Vibration Analysis of Dynamically Loaded Bearing with Defect on Rolling Element
Authors: Govardhan T. , Choudhury Achintya
Published: January 2019

The external loading on a rolling element bearing is often not of pure static nature but has a dynamic component
associated with it. In the present study, the analysis of vibration response of rolling element bearing with localized
defect on its rolling element subjected to external dynamic loading has been carried out. The dynamic component
of external loading considered is either harmonic or random in nature. The defect-induced vibration signals have
been processed with the FFT of their enveloped signal obtained from the Hilbert transform of band-passed signal
around the resonant frequency band. Numerical results have been obtained for the NJ 204 bearing for different
amplitude contributions of dynamic components of external load. For harmonic loading, the vibration spectra show
additional spectral components through loading frequency as sidebands about each significant spectral components
result due to static load. The experimental investigation confirms the presence of these additional components in
the spectra. In the case of random loading, the noise level tends to rise with an increase in the value of standard
deviation. The rise in noise level becomes so significant that some spectral components are masked by the noise
for higher values of standard deviation.
Theoretical Study of Tool Holder Self-excited Oscillation in Turning Processes Using a Nonlinear Model
Authors: Pejovic Branko , Kovac Pavel , Pucovsky Vladimir , Todic Aleksandar
Published: January 2019

In this paper, by observing a system which is composed from a workpiece and a tool holder, a dynamic and a
mathematical nonlinear model is acquired. These models can be used as a theoretical foundation for research of
self-excited oscillations, which are the object of research in this paper. All relevant oscillator factors are taken into
consideration including a frictional force between flank surface and a machined new surface, which is dependent
on relative system speed. For obtaining more reliable results, the characteristic friction function is expanded
into the Taylor series with an arbitrary number of members regarding required accuracy. The main nonlinear
differential equation of the system is solved by the method of slowly varying coefficients, which is elaborated on
in detail here. One assumption is made, which states that the system has a weak nonlinearity, and respectively
small damping factor. After obtaining the law of motion with relation to a larger number of influential factors,
the amplitude of self-excited oscillation is determined in two different ways. Previously, this is conducted for two
characteristic phases—for stationary and nonstationary modes. At the end of the paper, an analytic determination
and occurrence condition of self-excited oscillations is established. This is an important factor for practical use.
This is also the stability condition. The starting point for this determination was a type of experimental friction
function. Derived relationships allow detailed quantitative analysis of certain parameters’ influence, determination
of stability, and give a reliable description of the process, which is not the case with the existing linear model. After
the theoretical analysis of obtained results, a possibility for application of the suggested method in the machine tool
area is presented. The derived general model based on the method of slowly varying coefficients can be directly
applied in all cases where nonlinearity is not too large, which is usually the case in the field of machine tools. The
greater damping factor causes a smaller amplitude of self-excited steady oscillation. Characteristics of the selfexcited
oscillations in the described model mostly depend on the character of the friction force. Angular frequency
in mentioned nonlinear oscillations depends on the amplitude and initial conditions of movement, which is not the
case in free oscillations.
Structural Response of a Reciprocating Compressor's Discharge Tube Subjected to Model and Data Uncertainties
Authors: Fontanela Filipe , Mecias da Silva Olavo , Fiorentin Thiago Antonio , Lenzi Arcanjo
Published: January 2019

The analysis of the dynamical responses of compressor components are typically evaluated by using mathematicalmechanical
models, and many decisions are given based on numerical simulations. Such an investigation is usually
performed in a deterministic framework that cannot consider the uncertainties of the numerical model. These uncertainties
are present in a numerical investigation due to the variability of the model parameters, caused by the
limitations of the manufacturing processes, as well as simplifications and/or lack of knowledge to describe complex
physical processes accurately. In order to quantify the sensitivity of the model parameters and the epistemic uncertainties
of a discharge tube’s structural numerical response—solved by the finite element method—two stochastic
models are constructed, and their results are simultaneously analysed. The dynamical responses obtained from
both stochastic models identify the robustness limits of the structural response when it is subjected to parameter
uncertainties as well as model sensitivity by separating each contribution in the estimated dynamical structural
response.
Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria as Probiotic Candidate to Overcome the Salmonellosis in Broiler
Authors: Chotiah Siti , Damayanti Rini
Published: January 2019

can endanger human health if they contain antibiotic residues in livestock products that can cause resistance to germs in the human body when consuming them. Along with the enactment of a policy to limit the use of antibiotics in animal feed, the use of probiotics as a substitute is urgently needed. This research has been conducted in the Research Center for Veterinary Science in
order to produce probiotic candidates to control the growth of Salmonella sp in chickens that have the potential to pollute the environment and cause foodborne disease. Research on probiotics in chicken has conducted in Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science in order to produce probiotic candidates to control the growth of Salmonella sp. in chicken that potentially contaminated the environment causing foodborne disease. The present study aims to evaluate the probiotic potential of indigenous bacteria isolated from cattle in Bogor and select candidates to be used as probiotic. The study was initiated by screening local
isolates for probiotic, following by inhibition test against a target of pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella enterica serotype of Typhimurium B0046/ATCC 13311 and serotype of Enteritidis B2893/ATCC 13076), pathogenicity in vitro, survival in the
chicken gut, and the lifespan in the lyophilized container. The results showed that six isolates bacteria consisting of Aerococcus viridans B2776, Bifidobacterium dentium B2754 and B2755, Enterococcus faecium B2758, Lactobacillus casei B2752, and Streptococcus uberis B2757 had been selected as the candidate for probiotics. They had specifications namely: anti-microbial
substance (in vitro) against S. enterica serotype Typhimurium BCC B0046 and serotype Enteritidis BCC B2893, not pathogenic, able to form colonies in intestinal broilers for 40 days with concentrations of >1010 CFU/gram with lifespan up to one year (lyophilized), using protectant serum of inositol 5% or 7,5% skim milk at 5C with concentrations >log10 CFU/ml. The potential
characteristics qualified them as probiotics against pathogenic bacteria and could be used to control salmonellosis in the broiler.
Study of the effect of curing mixture compositions on oxidation of lipids in meat systems
Authors: Гуринович Галина , Gurinovich Galina , Патракова Ирина , Patrakova Irina , Кудряшов Леонид , Kudryashov Leonid
Published: January 2019

Lipids are the most unstable substances that take part in oxidation process in meat and meat products. Table salt (sodium chloride) which is considered as a pro-oxidant factor has significant effect on the development of meat products oxidative deterioration. The main objective of the research was to study the effect of curing mixture compositions which have low sodium content on the intensity and dynamics of lipids oxidation process in model systems, raw meat and final products during storage. Semi-smoked sausages were taken as an example. The author studied curing mixtures in which 30% of sodium chloride was replaced with one of the following components: potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride. Compositions included potassium chloride and calcium chloride at the ration of 1 to 1, mixture of sodium chloride with yeast extract. The results of the study of the oxidation process in model systems and meat systems with different curing mixtures conform to each other which shows that the mixtures which contain potassium chloride, magnesium chloride and composition of potassium chloride and calcium chloride help slow down oxidation process. According to the results of semi-smoked sausages organoleptic analysis, which were cooked using different curing compositions, the traditional characteristics of the product are obtained when one uses curing mixture which consists of 70% of sodium chloride and 30% of potassium chloride and calcium chloride composition. The dynamics of changes in acid-degree value, peroxide value and thiobarbituric value during semi-smoked sausage storage cooked using that curing mixture indicates that lipid fraction oxidation process stabilizes.
THE INTERACTION BETWEEN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS AND EMPLOYERS AS A CONDITION OF HIGH-QUALITY TRAINING OF GRADUATES: EXPERTS’ OPINIONS
Authors: Морозова Елена , Morozova Elena
Published: January 2019

The paper considers the problems of interaction between potential employers and educational institutions of higher education in training specialists by means of the analysis of the opinions of two relevant groups’ representatives. The expert poll showed that, in general positively estimating the quality of higher education in Russia and Kemerovo Region, the respondents from the real sector of economy are more critical in their opinions. From higher education institutions they expect specialists better trained in practice and management. Both the educational institutions and the enterprises are ready for all-round cooperation which requires improving the existing mechanisms of their partnership and developing new ones.
CREDIT CONSUMER BEHAVIOR: EVIDENCE AND THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL FACTORS
Authors: Гаджигасанова Наиде , Gadzhigasanova Nаide , Дудина Ирада , Dudina Irada
Published: January 2019

The article discusses the credit consumer behavior and social factors affecting it. It focuses on identifying the relationships between the values of consumer society, conspicuous consumption motives and social factors that determine «the life on credit». The article features the results of the empirical study conducted by the authors, which lead to the conclusion about the interconnection of credit behavior and the factors considered.
Biosorption potential of two brown seaweeds in the removal of chromium
Authors: Yalçın Sibel , Özyürek Mustafa
Published: January 2019

The present work focused on the potential use of brown algae Cystoseira barbata and Cystoseira crinita from the Black Sea coast for removal and speciation analyses of Cr(III,VI) ions from aqueous and wastewater solutions. The biosorption process of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) was designed as a function of pH and contact time. Potentiometric titration and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis techniques revealed the potential binding sites present at the surface of the algae for both oxidation states of Cr. Various chemical treatments have been used to indicate the mechanisms of binding Cr(III,VI) and bioreduction of Cr(VI) by the biosorbents. Acidic treatment was the most successful in removing and reducing total Cr(VI). Algae samples were subjected to methylation and esterification processes for modification of amino and carboxyl groups, respectively. The Langmuir model was applied to describe the biosorption of Cr(III,VI) by algae. Total Cr and Cr(VI) determinations were simultaneously made using the diphenyl carbazide spectrophotometric method and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). In conclusion, these algae can be used as a potentially cost-effective biosorbent for the uptake of two different oxidation states of Cr and subsequently for Cr speciation analysis.
Therapeutic Targeting of the Soluble Guanylate Cyclase
Authors: Makrynitsa Garyfallia I. , Zompra Aikaterini A. , Argyriou Aikaterini I. , Spyroulias Georgios A. , Topouzis Stavros
Published: January 2019

The soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is the physiological sensor for nitric oxide and alterations of its function are actively implicated in a wide variety of pathophysiological conditions. Intense research efforts over the past 20 years have provided significant information on its regulation, culminating in the rational development of approved drugs or investigational lead molecules, which target and interact with sGC through novel mechanisms. However, there are numerous questions that remain unanswered. Ongoing investigations, with the critical aid of structural chemistry studies, try to further elucidate the enzyme’s structural characteristics that define the association of “stimulators” or “activators” of sGC in the presence or absence of the heme moiety, respectively, as well as the precise conformational attributes that will allow the design of more innovative and effective drugs. This review relates the progress achieved, particularly in the past 10 years, in understanding the function of this enzyme, and focusses on a) the rationale and results of its therapeutic targeting in disease situations, depending on the state of enzyme (oxidized or not, heme-carrying or not) and b) the most recent structural studies, which should permit improved design of future therapeutic molecules that aim to directly upregulate the activity of sGC.
Structure-based Methods for Binding Mode and Binding Affinity Prediction for Peptide-MHC Complexes
Authors: Antunes Dinler A. , Abella Jayvee R. , Devaurs Didier , Rigo Maurício M. , Kavraki Lydia E.
Published: January 2019

Understanding the mechanisms involved in the activation of an immune response is essential to many fields in human health, including vaccine development and personalized cancer immunotherapy. A central step in the activation of the adaptive immune response is the recognition, by T-cell lymphocytes, of peptides displayed by a special type of receptor known as Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC). Considering the key role of MHC receptors in T-cell activation, the computational prediction of peptide binding to MHC has been an important goal for many immunological applications. Sequence- based methods have become the gold standard for peptide-MHC binding affinity prediction, but structure-based methods are expected to provide more general predictions (i.e., predictions applicable to all types of MHC receptors). In addition, structural modeling of peptide-MHC complexes has the potential to uncover yet unknown drivers of T-cell activation, thus allowing for the development of better and safer therapies. In this review, we discuss the use of computational methods for the structural modeling of peptide-MHC complexes (i.e., binding mode prediction) and for the structure-based prediction of binding affinity.
Novel Approaches to Anti-atherosclerotic Therapy: Cell-based Models and Herbal Preparations (Review of Our Own Data)
Authors: Orekhov Alexander N. , Grechko Andrey V. , Romanenko Elena B. , Zhang Dongwei , Chistiakov Dimitry A.
Published: January 2019

Atherosclerosis is a chronic arterial disease characterized by vascular inflammation, accumulation of lipids in the arterial wall, and formation and growth of atherosclerotic plaques followed by ischemia. In subclinical atherosclerosis, cholesterol retention in subendothelial cells leads to induction of local inflammation, generation of foam cells and lesion formation, followed by a chain of other pathogenic events. Atherosclerotic progression can frequently be fatal, since plaque rupture may lead to thrombosis and acute events, such as myocardial infarction, stroke and sudden death. Traditional anti-atherosclerotic therapy is mainly focused on improving the blood lipid profile and does not target various stages of plaque progression. Obviously, treating the disease at initial stages is better than beginning treatment at advanced stages and, in that regard, current atherosclerosis management can be improved. Cholesterol retention is an important component of atherogenesis that precedes plaque formation. Therapeutic targeting of cholesterol retention may be beneficial for preventing further atherogenic progression. For this purpose, we suggest using herbal preparations due to good tolerability and suitability for long-lasting treatment. We developed test systems based on cultured human intimal aortic cells for rapid screening of potential anti-atherogenic drugs. With the help of these test systems, we selected several natural substances with significant anti-atherogenic activity and further use these compounds to prepare herbal preparations for anti-atherosclerotic therapy. These preparations were clinically tested and showed good safety and a potent anti-atherogenic potential.
Structure-Activity Relationships of Cytotoxic Lactones as Inhibitors and Mechanisms of Action
Authors: Torrens Francisco , Castellano Gloria
Published: January 2019

Background:

Some lactones prevent protein Myb-dependent gene expression.

Objective:

The object is to calculate inhibitors of Myb-brought genetic manifestation.

Methods:

Linear quantitative structure–potency relations result expanded, among sesquiterpene lactones
of a variety of macrocycles (pseudoguaianolides, guaianolides, eudesmanolides and germacranolides), to
establish which part of the molecule constitutes their pharmacophore, and predict their inhibitory potency
on Myb-reliant genetic manifestation, which may result helpful as leads for antileukaemic therapies with a
new mechanism of action.

Results:

Several count indices are connected with structure–activity. The α-methylene-γ-lactone ML functional
groups increase, whereas OH groups decrease the activity. Hydrophobicity provides to increase cell
toxicity. Four counts (ML, number of α, β-unsaturated CO groups, etc.), connected with the number of
oxygens, present a positive association, owing to the partial negative charge of oxygen. The s-trans-strans-
germacranolide molecule presents maximal potency. The OH groups decrease the potency owing to
the positive charge of hydrogen. The numbers of π-systems and atoms, and polarizability increase the potency.
Following least squares, every standard error of the coefficients is satisfactory in every expression.
The most predictive linear expressions for lactones, pseudoguaianolides and germacranolides are corroborated
by leave-group-out cross-validation. Quadratic equations do not make the correlation better.

Conclusion:

Likely action mechanisms for lactones are argued with a diversity of functional groups in the
lactone annulus, including artemisinin with its uncommon macrocycle characteristic, 1,2,4-trioxane cycle
(pharmacophoric peroxide linkage -O1-O2- in endoperoxide ring), which results in the foundation for its
sole antimalarial potency.
Multi-parametric MR Imaging Biomarkers Associated to Clinical Outcomes in Gliomas: A Systematic Review
Authors: Oltra-Sastre Miquel , Fuster-Garcia Elies , Juan-Albarracin Javier , Sáez Carlos , Perez-Girbes Alexandre , Sanz-Requena Roberto , Revert-Ventura Antonio , Mocholi Antonio , Urchueguia Javier , Hervas Antonio , Reynes Gaspar , Font-de-Mora Jaime , Muñoz-Langa Jose , Botella Carlos , Aparici Fernando , Marti-Bonmati Luis , Garcia-Gomez Juan M.
Published: January 2019

Purpose:

To systematically review evidence regarding the association of multiparametric
biomarkers with clinical outcomes and their capacity to explain relevant subcompartments
of gliomas.

Materials and Methods:

Scopus database was searched for original journal papers from January
1st, 2007 to February 20th, 2017 according to PRISMA. Four hundred forty-nine abstracts of papers
were reviewed and scored independently by two out of six authors. Based on those papers we
analyzed associations between biomarkers, subcompartments within the tumor lesion, and clinical
outcomes. From all the articles analyzed, the twenty-seven papers with the highest scores were
highlighted to represent the evidence about MR imaging biomarkers associated with clinical outcomes.
Similarly, eighteen studies defining subcompartments within the tumor region were also
highlighted to represent the evidence of MR imaging biomarkers. Their reports were critically appraised
according to the QUADAS-2 criteria.

Results:

It has been demonstrated that multi-parametric biomarkers are prepared for surrogating
diagnosis, grading, segmentation, overall survival, progression-free survival, recurrence, molecular
profiling and response to treatment in gliomas. Quantifications and radiomics features obtained
from morphological exams (T1, T2, FLAIR, T1c), PWI (including DSC and DCE), diffusion
(DWI, DTI) and chemical shift imaging (CSI) are the preferred MR biomarkers associated to
clinical outcomes. Subcompartments relative to the peritumoral region, invasion, infiltration, proliferation,
mass effect and pseudo flush, relapse compartments, gross tumor volumes, and highrisk
regions have been defined to characterize the heterogeneity. For the majority of pairwise cooccurrences,
we found no evidence to assert that observed co-occurrences were significantly different
from their expected co-occurrences (Binomial test with False Discovery Rate correction,
α=0.05). The co-occurrence among terms in the studied papers was found to be driven by their individual
prevalence and trends in the literature.

Conclusion:

Combinations of MR imaging biomarkers from morphological, PWI, DWI and CSI
exams have demonstrated their capability to predict clinical outcomes in different management
moments of gliomas. Whereas morphologic-derived compartments have been mostly studied during
the last ten years, new multi-parametric MRI approaches have also been proposed to discover
specific subcompartments of the tumors. MR biomarkers from those subcompartments show the
local behavior within the heterogeneous tumor and may quantify the prognosis and response to
treatment of gliomas.
Impact of Hybrid-polar Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor m-Carboxycinnamic Acid bis-Hydroxyamide on Human Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Cells
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Sarma Pranjal , Bhadra Manika P. , Tangutur Anjana D.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) have got immense importance as promising
drugs for cancer treatment as these inhibitors regulate cellular differentiation, gene expression, cell cycle arrest
and apoptosis. The current study investigates the effect of the hybrid-polar HDACI m-carboxycinnamic acid bishydroxyamide
(CBHA) on the growth of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells, using the cell line MIA PaCa-
2 as an in vitro model.

Methods:

Following CBHA treatment of the MIA PaCa-2 cells, we characterized the effect of CBHA by in vitro
cytotoxicity evaluation, clonogenic assay, cell cycle analysis, immunoblotting for soluble and insoluble fractions
of tubulin, immunofluorescence and caspase-3 assay.

Results:

We observed that the histone deacetylase inhibitor CBHA markedly impaired growth of the pancreatic
cancer cells by resulting in dose-dependent G2/M arrest, disruption of microtubule organization, induction of
caspase-mediated apoptosis and in vitro suppression of HDAC6. Our study also shows that inhibition of
HDAC6 by CBHA induced acetylation of α-tubulin.

Conclusion:

Together, our findings show that CBHA can be a potential plausible therapeutic that could be
exploited for pancreatic cancer therapy.
The Potential Implication of FTO rs17817449 Gene Polymorphism on BMI Mediated Risk For Type2 Diabetes Among Obese Egyptian Children And Adolescents
Authors: Barseem Naglaa Fathy , El Ella Soheir S. Abou , Tawfik Maha A. , El-Nehrawy Rasha R.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Genetic variations of the FTO gene were associated with obesity and type 2
diabetes determinants in the European population, notably raised blood levels of insulin and glucose.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to test the association of FTOrs17817449 with obesity/BMI and
type 2 diabetes risk among obese Egyptian population.

Materials and Methods:

In this case-control study, (PCR-RFLP assay) was used for genotyping
FTOrs17817449polymorphism (SNP) in 120 obese children and 120 controls conducted from attendants
of genetic & endocrinology Unit and outpatient clinics, Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine,
Menoufia University Hospitals. In combination with anthropometric measurements of obesity,
predisposition to T2D risk was analyzed (fasting insulin, fasting glucose, insulin resistance).

Results:

Consanguinity was evident in 32.5% of cases. Positive family history of both obesity and T2D
was found to be significant statistically (p<0.05). FTO rs17817449G allele was positively associated
with WC (Waist Circumference) (Mean ± SD 84.1 ± 9. 3), raised BMI (Body Mass Index) (32.7 ± 3.5),
fasting glucose (114.1 ± 12.8mg/dl), fasting insulin (7.2 ± 1.2µU/ml) and insulin resistance (61.1% of
cases) (p<0.001).

:

The odds ratio of obesity was 1.75(95%CI 1.02-3.02) for GT and GG genotype. Fasting glucose and
fasting insulin showed statistically significant risk for T2D in the obese group.

Conclusion:

Genetic variation in FTOrs17817449(G allele) was definitely associated with raised BMI,
BMI z-score and fasting insulin, and lowered QUICKI values, that predicted the risk for type 2 diabetes
among obese children harboring the mutant G allele.
Biotransformation Studies of Agricultural Nitrogen Pollutants in Keduang Watershed
Authors: Peni Pujiastuti , Narimo Narimo , Putri Roesleini J
Published: January 2019

The present study seeks to examine nitrogen biotransformation of agricultural wastewater carried out by nitrosomonas and nitrobacter into Ammonia (N-NH3), Nitrite (N-NO2), and Nitrate (N-NO3) in Keduang watershed. Natural capability of the bacteria is necessary to find out to monitor assimilative capacity of the waterbody towards pollutants. Grab sampling technique was applied in agricultural land and Keduang watershed in reference to Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 6989.59:2008. Meanwhile, analysis of N-NO2 was based on Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 06-6989.09-2004, N-NO3 on SNI 6989.79-2011, and N-NH3 on SNI 06-6989.30-2005. The nitrosomonas and nitrobacter were isolated and identified on NA medium considering methods of Capuccino and Sherman (2005). Afterwards, characterization of colony morphology variants was determined, and both gram stain and biochemical test were conducted. A number of 48.8 nitrosomonas colonies/100 mL were identified in samples of agricultural wastewater, which enable to transform Ammonia (N-NH3) of 0.1390 mg/L into Nitrite (N-NO2) of 0.0632 mg/L. Meanwhile, a number of 330 nitrobacter colonies/ 100 mL are capable of transforming Nitrite (N-NO2) into Nitrate (N-NO3) of 0.2168 mg/L. In conclusion, there is a positive relationship between nitrosomonas in transforming Ammonia into Nitrite and nitrobacter in converting Nitrite into Nitrate. Nitrogen pollutants of the agricultural wastewater in Keduang watershed are able to be reduced by both nitrosomonas and nitrobacter.
Retracted: Comparison Outcomes of Discover Total Disk Arthroplasty and Anterior Cervical Discectomy with Fusion in Surgical Treatment of Cervical Disk Degenerative Disease: a Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Byvaltsev V. A. , Stepanov I. A. , Aliyev M. A. , Avakov B M. , Yussupov B. R. , Shepelev V. V.
Published: January 2019

RetractedThe purpose — to compare the effectiveness of Discover cervical disk arthroplasty (CDA) and anterior cervical discectomy with fusion (ACDF) in the surgical treatment of cervical intervertebral disk (IVD) degenerative disease.Study design — a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.Material and Methods. Randomized clinical trials were conducted in the Pubmed, EMBASE, ELibrary and Cochrane Library databases published from 2008 to October 2018, which compared the results of Discover CDA and ACDF techniques in the surgical treatment of cervical IVD degenerative disease. For dichotomous variables, the relative risk and 95% confidence interval were calculated, standardized difference of mean values and their 95% confidence interval were used for continuous variables using the random effects model.Results. This meta-analysis included 9 randomized controlled clinical trials, including the results of surgical treatment of 513 patients with degenerative disease of the cervical IVD. In the CDA group, the operation time was significantly shorter, in contrast to the group of patients who underwent ACDF (p0.0001). The values of blood loss (p = 0.89), levels of quality of life for patients according to the Neck Disability Index (NDI) (p = 0.22), severity of pain in the cervical spine (p = 0.50) and upper limbs on a visual analogue scale (VAS) (p = 0.16), as well as the prevalence of secondary surgical procedures (p = 0.68) and adverse events (p = 0.40) between the compared groups did not have significant differences. At the same time, significantly large values of the range of motion at the operated level were noted in the CDA group (p0.00001).Conclusion. Discover CDA in comparison with ACDF has a significantly large values of range of motion at the operated level. At the same time, there were no statistically significant differences in the NDI scores, VAS pain scores in cervical spine and upper limbs, and the prevalence of secondary surgical procedures and adverse events between the compared groups of respondents were not identified.
Comparative Analysis of Pedicle Screw Placement in Children with Congenital Scoliosis: Freehand Technique (in vivo) and Guide Templates (in vitro)
Authors: Kokushin D. N. , Vissarionov S. V. , Baindurashvili A. G. , Ovechkina A. V. , Poznovich M. S.
Published: January 2019

Objective. To evaluate accuracy between pedicle screw placement in vertebral bodies achieved in vivo with freehand techniques versus their placement in vertebrae plastic models achieved in vitro with the use of guide templates, in toddlers and preschool children with congenital kyphoscoliosis of the thoracolumbar transition and lumbar spine amid the vertebral malformation.Material and Methods. The research is based on a retrospective analysis of the results of treatment of 10 patients with congenital kyphoscoliosis of the thoracolumbar transition and lumbar spine amid the vertebral malformation. Age – from 2 years 2 months to 6 years 8 months old (mean 3 years 8 months old), gender – 6 boys, 4 girls. Based on the postoperative multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) of the spine, the pedicle screws placement accuracy of the correcting multi-support metalwork was evaluated. These patients constituted the 1st research group (in vivo group). The 2nd research group (in vitro group) was formed from 27 vertebrae plastic models with pedicle screws inserted in them with the use of guide templates. The placement accuracy of the installed pedicle support elements was assessed based on the S.D. Gertzbein et al. scale (1990).Results. In the 1st group, there were 52 pedicle screws placed. The screw placement accuracy according to the rate of misplacement, as follows: 53.8% in Grade 0, 25% in Grade I, 11.6% in Grade II, 9.6% in Grade III. The number of screws with the rate of misplacement in Grade 0 + Grade I was 41 (78.8%). In the 2nd group, there were 54 screws placed and slightly larger than the 1st group. The screw placement accuracy according to the rate of misplacement was 94.4% in Grade 0, 1.9% in Grade I, 3.7% in Grade II, respectively. The number of screws with the rate of misplacement in Grade 0 + Grade I was 52 (96.3%).Conclusions. Comparative analysis showed that the number of pedicle screws successfully placed in vertebrae plastic models in children with congenital deformities of the thoracolumbar transition and lumbar spine achieved with the use of guide templates was significantly higher than the number of screws successfully placed with freehand techniques (96.3% versus 80.8%, p = 0.011). The results obtained with method of navigation templates in vitro showed high precision and accuracy of pedicle screw placement which gives the prospect for using this type of navigation in clinical practice in toddlers with congenital scoliosis.
Plastic Replacement of Palmar Defects
Authors: Rodomanova L. A. , Medvedev G. A.
Published: January 2019

Material and Methods. The authors have developed a two-step method of plastic substitution of the palmar defect, which had consisted in the preliminary preparation of the tissue complex on the own fascia of the forearm and then transposition it to the hand as island flap on the radial vascular bundle after the excision of the scar and eliminate flexion contractures of the fingers. According to the proposed method, 7 patients with vicious scars of the palmar surface of the hand and flexion contracture of the fingers were operated. Males prevailed, the mean age of patients was 39±12.4 years. In 5 cases, the cause of scar contracture of the hand was an open trauma with a tissue defect, in other cases, contact bum. Results. Patients were examined in 3,6 and 12 months. The complication was noted in one case, which was a partial necrosis of the skin part of the flap, which required additional plasty with a split skin graft, which did not affect the final result. The flaps were stable and resistant to mechanical stress, no correction was required in any case. By 6 months protective sensibility in the hand recovered in all cases. Conclusion. The described method of substitution of extensive deep palmar defects can be applied after correction of scar deformation and elimination of flexion contracture of fingers. Prelamination provides reliable engraftment of a full-layer or thick split skin graft taken from any area of the human body. Strong fixation of the skin graft to the fascia provides a small displacement of the skin and and the lack of excess tissue. The flap is resistant to mechanical stress and provides restoration of protective sensitivity. The damage to the donor area is insignificant, as the scar on the forearm remains hardly noticeable. The disadvantages of the proposed method include the need to perform two surgical interventions.
AUDIENCE AND PUBLIC SERVICE ADVERTISEMENT ABOUT THE DANGERS OF SMOKING
Authors: Akalili Awanis
Published: January 2019

Public service advertisement which said “Berhentilah Menikmati Rokok Sebelum Rokok Menikmati Anda” is a warning the dangers of smoking which is aired on television. This advertisement is produced by the government to make smokers realize the dangers of smoking among young people especially students. However, this aim cannot be so easily achieved because the community nowadays is not a passive audience but it has moved into active audience. By taking four informants, this study tries to answer the question of how the student smokers among gang understand the advertising messages in public service advertisement which said “Berhentilah Menikmati Rokok Sebelum Rokok Menikmati Anda” on television. A reception analysis is chosen as the research method because this method can see how the audience understands the media messages based on the difference background they have. Based on the results of the study, it is found that four informants are able to negotiate with the advertising message on public service advertisement which said “Berhentilah Menikmati Rokok Sebelum Rokok Menikmati Anda”. The four informants are able to understand the messages from that advertising by using their own point of view. The difference of meaning is affected by two things: the family environment and the existence as a gang member. Two informants receive the advertisement, while two other informants assume that the public service advertisement does not correspond to the reality. AUDIENS DAN IKLAN LAYANAN MASYARAKAT TENTANG BAHAYA MEROKOKklan layanan masyarakat “Berhentilah Menikmati Rokok Sebelum Rokok Menikmati Anda” adalah peringatan bahaya merokok yang ditayangkan melalui televisi. Iklan ini diproduksi pemerintah dengan tujuan menyadarkan para perokok akan bahaya merokok, terutama kaum muda khususnya para pelajar. Hanya saja tujuan tersebut tidak bisa semudah itu dicapai karena saat ini masyarakat bukan kelompok penonton pasif tetapi sudah bergerak sebagai audiens aktif. Dengan mengambil empat informan, penelitian ini mencoba menjawab pertanyaan tentang bagaimana pelajar perokok di lingkungan geng meresepsi pesan iklan dalam iklan layanan masyarakat “Berhentilah Menikmati Rokok Sebelum Rokok Menikmati Anda” di media televisi. Analisis resepsi sendiri dipilih sebagai metode penelitian karena metode ini melihat bagaimana audiens memahami pesan media berdasarkan perbedaan latar belakang yang dimiliki. Berdasar dari hasil penelitian, ditemukan fakta bahwa keempat informan mampu bernegosiasi dengan pesan iklan pada tayangan iklan layanan masyarakat “Berhentilah Menikmati Rokok Sebelum Rokok Menikmati Anda”. Keempat informan mampu memahami pesan iklan yang disampaikan dengan sudut pandang mereka masing-masing. Perbedaan pemaknaan ini dipengaruhi oleh dua hal yaitu lingkungan keluarga dan keberadaan sebagai anggota geng. Dua informan menerima wacana yang di sampaikan, sementara dua informan lainnya menganggap tayangan iklan layanan masyarakat tersebut tidak sesuai dengan realitas.
Shift-share espacial del empleo manufacturero municipal. Zonas Metropolitanas: Valle de México y Toluca, 2008-2013
Authors: Rendón Rojas Liliana , Andrés Rosales Roldán , Mejía Reyes Pablo
Published: January 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la evolución del empleo manufacturero durante la expansión posterior a la Gran Recesión en las zonas metropolitanas del Valle de México y Toluca, se identifican los subsectores más dinámicos y los municipios ganadores, considerando los que presentan derramas hacia sus vecinos. Con base en la técnica shift-share espacial, se encuentra que durante el periodo 2008-2013 son más los municipios ganadores que requieren de políticas económicas para apuntalar su crecimiento, diversificar su producción e impulsar el empleo. Además, los resultados muestran que los subsectores que benefician a sus vecinos son los de baja tecnología.
SMART INNOVATIVE APPROACH FOR DESIGNING FLUVOXAMINE LOADED BIO-NANOSUSPENSION FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF DEPRESSION
Authors: Tyagi Yogita , Madhav N. V. Satheesh
Published: January 2019

Objective: Design and evaluation of fluvoxamine loaded bio-nanosuspensions using biopolymer which was isolated from the wood of Santalum album used as the stabilizer.Methods: The main aim of the present investigation was to obtain an ocular drug delivery system with improved stability using biopolymer. The fluvoxamine loaded Bio-nanosuspension was prepared using novel biopolymer isolated from Santalum album by sonication solvent evaporation method with different ratios (1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%) and evaluated for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, pH stability studies, %entrapment efficacy, in vitro drug release, stability studies.Results: The prepared bio-nanosuspension was subjected to the best formulation based on the comparison of above-mentioned evaluation parameters, so Fb3 (3%) formulation was found to be the best formulation showing an R2 value of 0.9744, T50% of 31.3 h and T80% of 50.1 h respectively. According to the release kinetics, the best fit model was found to be Peppas Korsmeyer with Fickian Diffusion (Higuchi Matrix) as the mechanism of drug release. Santalum album provided excellent stability for the formulation, and resulting particle size for the best formulation was found to be 196 nm. The bio-nanosuspension had Polydispersity Index (PDI) of 0.19 with zeta potential of-20mV.Conclusion: The prepared bio-nanosuspension was found to be safe and compatible with the ophthalmic delivery for treatment of depression.
CRYPTOSOMES: A REVOLUTIONARY BREAKTHROUGH IN NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY
Authors: U. Aiswarya M. , Raju Keerthana , Menon Revathy B. , V. S. Lakshmi , Nair Sreeja C.
Published: January 2019

The vesicular drug delivery systems are promising approaches to overthrown the problems of drugs having lesser bioavailability and rapid elimination from the body. The four type of lipid based drug delivery systems are: solid-lipid particulate system, emulsion based system, solid lipid tablet and vesicular system. Cryptosomes, a novel emerging vesicular drug delivery system which can overcome the disadvantages associated with conventional drug delivery systems like high stability, increased bioavailability, sustained release, decreased elimination of rapidly metabolizable drugs etc. The word Cryptosome was orginated from Greek word ‘’Crypto’’ means hidden and ‘’Soma’’ means body. It is formed from the mixture of phospholipids like distearoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine-polyethylene glycol (DSPE-PEG) with distearoylphosphatidylcholine. These entire information regarding its origin and formation is explained in Dinesh Kumar et al. Vesicular systems symbolizes the use of vesicles in the different fields as carrier system or additives. This review disclose various vesicular drug delivery system and point out the advancement of cryptosome in the world of drug delivery.This review would help researchers involved in the field of vesicular drug delivery.
OPTIMIZATION OF SELF-NANOEMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS OF LEMONGRASS (CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS) ESSENTIAL OIL
Authors: Ujilestari Tri , Ariyadi Bambang , Martien Ronny , . Zuprizal , Dono Nanung Danar
Published: January 2019

Objective: Focus of this study was to optimize and to characterize the self-Nano emulsifying drug delivery system using lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil.Methods: The optimum formulas were analyzed using a D-Optimal mixture experimental design and performed using a Design Expert® Ver. 7.1.5. Formulation variables which include in the design were: oil component X1 (a mixture of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil and virgin coconut oil/VCO), surfactant X2 (Tween 80), and co-surfactant (PEG 400), while emulsification time in a sec (Y1) and transmittance in percent (Y2) as responses.Results: The optimum formula for SNEDDS in the current study were: Cymbopogon citratus essential oil (7.147%), VCO (7.147%), Tween 80 (71.417%), and PEG 400 (14.290%). From the optimizing formula can be shown that the mean of droplet size, polydispersity-index, zeta potential, and viscosity were: 13.17±0.06 nm, 0.17±0.05,-20.90±1.47 mV, 200±0mPa. s (n=3), respectively. Furthermore, the optimized formula has passed the thermodynamic stability test; meanwhile, transmission electron microscopy displayed spherical shape.Conclusion: The optimized SNEDDS formula was improving solubility of poorly soluble Cymbopogon citratus essential oil.
OPTIMIZATION OF BENTONITE LIQUID DETERGENT FOR CLEANSING OF EXTREME NAJS USING SIMPLEX LATTICE DESIGN
Authors: Wati Desi Susilo , Rohman Abdul , . Mufrod
Published: January 2019

Objective: The objective of this research was to formulate bentonite (clay) liquid detergent (BLD) using bentonite combined with vegetable oils intended for cleansing of extreme najs.Methods: In this study, five formulas of BLD in combination with vegetable oils (coconut and palm oils) were made. The quality of BLD was evaluated in terms of organoleptic, foam power, foam stability, viscocity, pH, free alkali, and total fatty acids. These parameters were analyzed using simplex lattice design (SLD) in order to get the optimum formula of BLD. The verification of optimum formula was carried out using statistical analysis of one sample t-test at a significance level (P) of 0.05.Results: The results showed that the optimum concentration of bentonite was 6.4% with the percentage of cocount oil and palm oil of 95.1% and 4.9%, respectively. Based on one sample t-test, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) of foam power, foam stability, and pH between optimum formula BLD predicted using SLD and that actually formulated.Conclusion: BLD formulated can be used as innovatine means for cleansing extreme najs.
FORMULATION, DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS BASED TELMISARTAN ENCAPSULATED IN SILK FIBROIN NANOSPHERE’S
Authors: Wani Shahid Ud Din , V. Gangadharappa H. , P. Ashish N.
Published: January 2019

Objective: The aim of the present work was to formulate silk fibroin (SF) nanospheres (NS’s) for drug delivery application. The current study was designed to advance the water solubility and bio-availability of telmisartan by nanoprecipitation method.Methods: SF NS’s loaded with TS were prepared by nanoprecipitation method. The drug was dissolved in aqueous solution of SF by using acetone as a non-solvent. The prepared NS’s were then characterized by FTIR, X-ray diffraction and zeta potential, and were evaluated for its, surface morphology, %drug content, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro drug release.Results: The evaluation results of SF NS’s loaded of TS showed 74.22±0.17 % entrapment efficiency, 35.21±0.02 % of drug loading, and-4.9 mV to-13.6 mV of zeta potential due to the proper bounding of TS with the β-sheets of SF, the particle size reported was within the size range of 160-186 nm having smooth surface and were spherical in shape. The SFNS’s pattern switched from random coil to β-sheet formation on treating with acetone. FTIR and DSC studies marked no such inter-molecular interactions between SF and drug molecules. The % cumulative in vitro drug release from SF NS’s exhibited quick burst release. The in vitro cumulative drug release of SF NS’s of TS it was found that about 74% of the drug was released within 8 h and about 96% of drug released at 24 hr. The rate of drug release increased with the increase in SF ratio.Conclusion: It is believed that these SF NS’s will find potential applications in drug delivery release as drug carriers, especially poor water-soluble drugs. All these results proposed that SF NS’s are eventuality handy in various drug delivery systems.