bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The mapping of space onto the domain of benefaction and some unpredicted trends in semantic change
Authors: Luraghi Silvia
Published: November 2016

Morphemes that encode the semantic role of Beneficiary display complex patterns of polysemy. Such patterns have arisen through diachronic processes which are for the most part still unexplored. In the paper I discuss common assumptions about the directionality of semantic extension and about expected and unexpected polysemies. I show that, next to the often mentioned polysemy of Beneficiary, Recipient, Purpose and Direction, another frequent pattern includes Beneficiary, Purpose and Cause. Morphemes that exhibit such polysemy have original spatial meanings which include Location or Path, but not Direction. Notably, such original spatial meanings have been dropped in the course of semantic developments described in the paper. After discussing some well-attested diachronic developments, I show that, at least in the languages of Europe, markers of Beneficiary, Purpose, and Cause underwent an unpredicted semantic extension that led them to also indicate Direction. Such extension provides evidence for a rare development that has led a concrete spatial concept to be denoted by a morpheme that had an abstract meaning.
Nominal plurals in Antwerp Hasidic Yiddish: An empirical study
Authors: Abugov Netta , Gillis Steven
Published: November 2016

Yiddish is a Germanic Jewish language that is natively spoken by adults and children in segregated Hasidic communities around the world. The current study investigates the system of noun plurals as spoken by Hasidic adults living in Antwerp, Belgium. In the absence of evidence-based detailed grammatical descriptions of Antwerp Hasidic Yiddish, the aims of this study were (a) to arrive at a description of the plural system and (b) to detect if phonological regularities govern the selection of plural suffixation and stem change.

An experimental pluralization task containing 87 singular nouns was administered to 100 Yiddish-speaking adults. Findings show that the system of noun plurals in Antwerp Hasidic Yiddish consists of plural markers that do not exist in Standard Yiddish (e. g. bikh-bíkhers ‘book-s’), combinations of existing markers (lip-lípenes ‘lip-s’) and loans from Dutch (ay-áyeren ‘egg-s’) – the ambient language. Nevertheless, suffixes that already exist in Standard Yiddish occur in a higher frequency than those that are specific to Antwerp. In order to investigate which phonological regularities govern the selection of plural suffix and stem change several factors in the inflected singular form were taken into account. Our results reveal an intricate system of some strong phonological regularities, islands of subregularities and exceptions that appear to be lexically determined.
On the saturated numerical semigroups
Authors: Ilhan Sedat , Süer Meral
Published: November 2016

In this study, we characterize all families of saturated numerical semigroups with multiplicity four. We also present some results about invariants of these semigroups.
The Bruhat rank of a binary symmetric staircase pattern
Authors: Du Zhibin , da Fonseca Carlos M.
Published: November 2016

In this work we show that the Bruhat rank of a symmetric (0,1)-matrix of order n with a staircase pattern, total support, and containing In
, is at most 2. Several other related questions are also discussed. Some illustrative examples are presented.
Approaching Questions of Text Reuse
in Ancient Greek Using Computational
Syntactic Stylometry
Authors: Gorman Vanessa B. , Gorman Robert J.
Published: November 2016

We are investigating methods by which data from dependency syntax treebanks of ancient
Greek can be applied to questions of authorship in ancient Greek historiography. From the Ancient
Greek Dependency Treebank were constructed syntax words (sWords) by tracing the shortest path from
each leaf node to the root for each sentence tree. This paper presents the results of a preliminary test of
the usefulness of the sWord as a stylometric discriminator. The sWord data was subjected to clustering
analysis. The resultant groupings were in accord with traditional classifications. The use of sWords also
allows a more fine-grained heuristic exploration of difficult questions of text reuse. A comparison of
relative frequencies of sWords in the directly transmitted Polybius book 1 and the excerpted books 9–10
indicate that the measurements of the two texts are generally very close, but when frequencies do vary,
the differences are surprisingly large. These differences reveal that a certain syntactic simplification
is a salient characteristic of Polybius’ excerptor, who leaves conspicuous syntactic indicators of his
modifications.
Algerische Ouvertüren. Pierre Nora und Jacques Derrida im Widerstreit
Authors: Diner Dan
Published: November 2016

By way of a historical narrative, the article focuses on the background of biographical experience - familial and existential, cultural and political (in terms of the respective historical upheavals) - so as to scrutinize the emergence of the scholarly paradigms connected with the historian Pierre Nora and the philosopher Jacques Derrida. Proceeding fromthe set of problems pertaining to Algeria - which affected either of them, albeit differently - the epistemologically significant interrelation between “body and corpus” (Derrida) will be reflected upon. The historically dissimilar modes of a Jewish acculturation and accommodation to French modernity are crucial to both Nora’s and Derrida’s experience - Ashkenazic in the former, Sephardic-Maghrebian in the latter. The Algerian experience lays the foundation for their respective conceptions of knowledge and interpretation: in Nora’s case, the continental preconditions for his historical concept of “lieu dememoire”; in Derrida’s, the colonial origins of deconstruction in terms of its conceptualization.
Polyphonie à la périphérie : Double-voicing et doublethinking dans le milieu de contact de « Banlieue 13 »
Authors: Jablonka Frank
Published: November 2016

French suburb movies are a relatively new film genre that tends to represent a challenge for sociolinguistic analysis, especially in the fields of language contact and variation. In many movies of this genre, the representation of contact between French and migratory languages, particularly Arabic dialects, and French variation (“verlan”) has a central function in vehiculating the filmic message. District 13 can be considered one of the exceptions to this rule. Language contact and variation are sensibly less important than in other “banlieue”movies. Themain issue of the present paper is hence a methodological one: the conceptualization of film analysis from a linguistic point of view necessitates an approach in discourse analysis. The sociodiscursive approach of the Bakhtin School is a particularly promising analytic tool for this objective. The application of the sociodiscursive method to the District 13 movies reveals the films’ central message, i.e., the defense of the republican values rooted in the French Revolution.
Von sizilianischer Archaik zu modernistischer Ästhetik. Aktualisierungen der Cavalleria rusticana bei Verga, Mascagni und Coppola
Authors: Rüth Axel
Published: November 2016

While Verga’s novella Cavalleria rusticana (1880) can be called a veristic tale about an archaic rural Sicilian world, based on the principles of honour and revenge, later adaptations replace the archaic character of the action by sentiment and melodrama. This holds true for Verga’s own play (1884) and even more for Pietro Mascagni’s famous opera (1890). In 1990, Francis Ford Coppola makes extensive use of the opera in the ending of The Godfather Part III, in order to provide Michael Corleone with the qualities of a tragical hero, qualities he actually does not have, given his brutal character in The Godfather Part I and II. Bymaking the opera a mise en abyme of the Godfather Part III-plot, Michael Corleone’s individual guilt is reduced to the effect of the archaic rules of rural Sicily, the land of his father and grandfather. In fact, he himself becomes a victim of a culture he wants to overcome. This strategy constrains Coppola to foreground, through the opera, the archaic world of the novella that had actually been abolished in the drama and the opera. Thus, the Godfather Part III takes up the veristic determinism of Verga’s novella.
Partículas discursivas y cognición: por tanto y la conexión argumentative
Authors: Loureda Óscar , Nadal Laura , Fernández Inés Recio
Published: November 2016

In this paper we present experimental evidence on how the Spanish consecutive connective por tanto (en. “furthermore”) rearranges inferential routes in comprehension processes and guides the reader towards amental representation. Por tanto does not generate an argumentative relation between the discourse segments it combines. Rather, under normal circumstances, it simply makes such a relation explicit, since the segments are already argumentatively co-oriented due to their lexical content. In an eye-tracking reading experiment we compared the processing patterns of utterances in which discourse segments were connected by means of por tanto versus utterances with juxtaposed segments. A speed-up effect of por tanto on the second segment was found for the total reading time, thus confirming that, due to their procedural meaning, discourse particles add information to utterances, while, at the same time, they guide, facilitate and rearrange processing.
“Occupy Central” and the rise of discursive illusions: a discourse analytical study
Authors: Bhatia Aditi
Published: November 2016

Drawing on Hong Kong’s “Occupy Central” movement, this paper explores the construction of discursive illusions in both China Daily and South China Morning Post’s (SCMP) contrasting coverage of the event. More specifically, the paper investigates how a multi-perspective analytical approach can enable a deeper study of how and to what extent abstract constructs with significant social implications are discursively formed. In order to do so, the framework draws on a three-pronged approach: historicity (habitus as key to the creation of discursive illusions, dealing with the change of perceptions over time); linguistic and semiotic action (subjective conceptualizations of the world to give rise to linguistic and semiotic actions, often through metaphorical and dominant rhetoric); and the degree of social impact (as language and actions engender many categories and stereotypes). The analysis reveals that data from both newspapers draws on similar linguistic and rhetorical tools, including temporal referencing, metaphor, category-pairings, and recontextualization in the discursive construction of a “double contrastive identity” (Leudar et al. [2004], On membership categorization: “Us”, “them” and “doing violence” in political discourse. Discourse & Society 15(2/3). 243–266.) of the movement and its participants in diametrically opposed ways around themes such as law versus lawlessness, victim versus aggressor, etc.
Analogies in interaction: practical reasoning and participatory design
Authors: Lundmark Sofia , Lymer Gustav
Published: November 2016

The present study examines a set of discussions among professional counselors in the area of youth counseling, as they participate in the development and design of an online video-mediated communication platform. With an overarching interest in how participatory design is performed through conversations, the analysis focuses on analogical reasoning through which the envisaged system is anchored to existing technologies and work practices. Three forms of analogical reasoning are identified: formulating design alternatives; challenging problem formulations; and telling stories. In various ways, these forms of analogical reasoning inform the ongoing design decision-making process, where the hypothetical technology and its organizational and work-related implications are evaluated. The study contributes to how analogical reasoning is done in interaction, and places the findings in the context of participatory design and studies of design reasoning.
The use of demo-prefaced response displacement for being a listener to distressful experiences in Japanese interaction
Authors: Nishizaka Aug
Published: November 2016

This study draws on video recordings of interactions between volunteers and evacuees from the areas affected by the March 2011 nuclear power plant explosions in Japan’s Fukushima prefecture. This article has two purposes. The first is to provide a conversation analytic description of a set of interactional practices: displacing responses from their unmarked status as responses to immediately preceding turn-at-talk. The second is to explicate the ways in which the volunteers use the practices in post-disaster communication to address difficulties in affiliating with evacuees who are assumed to have had distressful experiences. The practices, with the Japanese word demo (‘but’) deployed at the turn-beginning position, propose that participants selectively focus on one aspect of the ongoing talk. The volunteers use them to accomplish “being a listener” appropriately in their interactions with the evacuees.
Diagnostic pitfall of carryover: in automatic urine analyzers
Authors: Vurgun Eren , Evliyaoğlu Osman , Yıldırmak Sembol , Akarsubaşı İbrahim
Published: November 2016

Objective

We aimed to find out whether there is significant carryover effect which causes false-positive hematuria on red blood cells (RBCs) in automatic urine chemistry (DIRUI H-800) and sediment (DIRUI FUS-200) analyzers.

Methods

Twenty-four samples with gross hematuria selected as containing high RBC concentration and forty-eight samples which had both negative result in dipstick and 0/hpf in microscopic examination selected as containing low RBC concentration. Carryover% was calculated via the formula [carryover%=100×(b1−b2)/(a2−b2)]. Carryover effect within results was analyzed with Wilcoxon test.

Results

Carryover% was very high (67%) in urine chemistry analyzer. Carryover% of urine sediment analyzer was found 0.4% whilst false-positive hematuria percentage was 87.5% for the first samples came after gross hematuria and 6.6% for the second samples. The first samples analyzed after gross hematuria had significantly higher (p<0.001) results than the second samples in both analyzers.

Conclusion

In urine sediment analyzer, carryover% calculated by formula was found analytically sufficient, but it causes highly false-positive results due to diagnostic limit of hematuria (RBC>3/hpf) is low. To prevent carryover in both urine analyzers; washing procedures should be revised and the diagnostic effect of carryover should also be taken into account by biochemists.
Syntheses and structures of two [Au(I)PPh3]-complexes with 2-aceneoxazolethiolates as ligands
Authors: Partes Christoph , Bodach Alexander , Alig Edith , Fink Lothar
Published: November 2016

The crystal structures of two thiolato complexes of the type [Au(SR)(PPh3)] with SR=2-mercaptobenzoxazol-2-yl (MBOx) and SR=2-mercaptoanthraceneoxazol-2-yl (MAOx) were determined from X-ray powder diffraction data. Both complexes include η1-S-monodentate ligands with the nitrogen atom preferably oriented towards the gold atom. [Au(MBOx)(PPh3)] (1a) represents a new triclinic polymorph of [Au(MBOx)(PPh3)], whereas [Au(MAOx)(PPh3)] (2) is hitherto unknown and yields information about the molecular structure of the ligand MAOx as well as the coordination geometry in 2. The structure determinations were validated by low temperature XRPD measurements. DTA-TG and in-situ XRPD measurements revealed a monotropic phase transition of 1a at 443 K to a monoclinic phase. Additionally, solid-state DFT-D calculations using CASTEP were carried out to evaluate the experimental results.
Sudden and Slow Quenches into the Antiferromagnetic Phase of Ultracold Fermions
Authors: Ojekhile Monika , Höppner Robert , Moritz Henning , Mathey Ludwig
Published: November 2016

We propose a method to reach the antiferromagnetic state of two-dimensional Fermi gases trapped in optical lattices: Independent subsystems are prepared in suitable initial states and then connected by a sudden or slow quench of the tunneling between the subsystems. Examples of suitable low-entropy subsystems are double wells or plaquettes, which can be experimentally realised in Mott insulating shells using optical super-lattices. We estimate the effective temperature T* of the system after the quench by calculating the distribution of excitations created using the spin wave approximation in a Heisenberg model. We investigate the effect of an initial staggered magnetic field and find that for an optimal polarisation of the initial state the effective temperature can be significantly reduced from T*≈1.7 T
c at zero polarisation to T*<0.65T
c, where T
c is the crossover temperature to the antiferromagnetic state. The temperature can be further reduced using a finite quench time. We also show that T*
decreases logarithmically with the linear size of the subsystem.
Effects of Pitch Area-Restrictions on Tactical Behavior, Physical, and Physiological Performances in Soccer Large-Sided Games
Authors: Gonçalves Bruno , Esteves Pedro , Folgado Hugo , Ric Angel , Torrents Carlota , Sampaio Jaime
Published: November 2016

Gonçalves, B, Esteves, P, Folgado, H, Ric, A, Torrents, C, and Sampaio, J. Effects of pitch area-restrictions on tactical behavior, physical and physiological performances in soccer large-sided games. J Strength Cond Res 31(9): 2398–2408, 2017—The aim of this study was to identify how pitch area-restrictions affect the tactical behavior, physical, and physiological performances of players during soccer large-sided games. A 10 vs. 9 large-sided game was performed under 3 experimental conditions: (a) restricted-spacing, the pitch was divided into specific areas where players were assigned and they should not leave it; (b) contiguous-spacing, the pitch was divided into specific areas where the players were only allowed to move to a neighboring one; (c) free-spacing, the players had no restrictions in space occupation. The positional data were used to compute players' spatial exploration index and also the distance, coefficient of variation, approximate entropy, and frequency of near-in-phase displacements synchronization of players' dyads formed by the outfield teammates. Players' physical and physiological performances were assessed by the distance covered at different speed categories, game pace, and heart rate. Most likely higher values were found in players' spatial exploration index under free-spacing conditions. The synchronization between dyads' displacements showed higher values for contiguous-spacing and free-spacing conditions. In contrast, for the jogging and running intensity zones, restricted-spacing demanded a moderate effect and most likely decrease compared with other scenarios (∼20–50% to jogging and ∼60–90% to running). Overall, the effects of limiting players' spatial exploration greatly impaired the coadaptation between teammates' positioning while decreasing the physical and physiological performances. These results allow for a better understanding of players' decision-making process according to specific task rules and can be relevant to enrich practice task design, such that coaches acknowledge the differential effect by using specific pitch-position area restrictions.
p39 Is Responsible for Increasing Cdk5 Activity during Postnatal Neuron Differentiation and Governs Neuronal Network Formation and Epileptic Responses
Authors: Li Wenqi , Allen Megan E. , Rui Yanfang , Ku Li , Liu Guanglu , Bankston Andrew N. , Zheng James Q. , Feng Yue
Published: November 2016

Two distinct protein cofactors, p35 and p39, independently activate Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), which plays diverse roles in normal brain function and the pathogenesis of many neurological diseases. The initial discovery that loss of p35 impairs neuronal migration in the embryonic brain prompted intensive research exploring the function of p35-dependent Cdk5 activity. In contrast, p39 expression is restricted to the postnatal brain and its function remains poorly understood. Despite the robustly increased Cdk5 activity during neuronal differentiation, which activator is responsible for enhancing Cdk5 activation and how the two distinct activators direct Cdk5 signaling to govern neuronal network formation and function still remains elusive. Here we report that p39, but not p35, is selectively upregulated by histone acetylation-mediated transcription, which underlies the robust increase of Cdk5 activity during rat and mouse neuronal differentiation. The loss of p39 attenuates overall Cdk5 activity in neurons and preferentially affects phosphorylation of specific Cdk5 targets, leading to aberrant axonal growth and impaired dendritic spine and synapse formation. In adult mouse brains, p39 deficiency results in dysregulation of p35 and Cdk5 targets in synapses. Moreover, in contrast to the proepileptic phenotype caused by the lack of p35, p39 loss leads to deficits in maintaining seizure activity and induction of immediate early genes that control hippocampal excitability. Together, our studies demonstrate essential roles of p39 in neuronal network development and function. Furthermore, our data support a model in which Cdk5 activators play nonoverlapping and even opposing roles to govern balanced Cdk5 signaling in the postnatal brain.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeuronal network development requires tightly regulated activation of Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) by two distinct cofactors, p35 and p39. Despite the well-known p35-dependent Cdk5 function, why postnatal neurons express abundant p39 in addition to p35 remained unknown for decades. In this study, we discovered that selective upregulation of p39 is the underlying mechanism that accommodates the increased functional requirement of Cdk5 activation during neuronal differentiation. In addition, we demonstrated that p39 selectively directs Cdk5 to phosphorylate protein substrates essential for axonal development, dendritic spine formation, and synaptogenesis. Moreover, our studies suggest opposing roles of p39 and p35 in synaptic Cdk5 function and epileptic responses, arguing that cooperation between Cdk5 activators maintains balanced Cdk5 signing, which is crucial for postnatal brain function.
HIV Tat Impairs Neurogenesis through Functioning As a Notch Ligand and Activation of Notch Signaling Pathway
Authors: Fan Yan , Gao Xiang , Chen Jinhui , Liu Ying , He Johnny J.
Published: November 2016

Alterations in adult neurogenesis have been noted in the brain of HIV-infected individuals and are likely linked to HIV-associated neurocognitive deficits, including those in learning and memory. But the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In the study, we took advantage of doxycycline-inducible and astrocyte-specific HIV-1 Tat transgenic mice (iTat) and determined the relationship between Tat expression and neurogenesis. Tat expression in astrocytes was associated with fewer neuron progenitor cells (NPCs), fewer immature neurons, and fewer mature neurons in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of the mouse brain.In vitroNPC-derived neurosphere assays showed that Tat-containing conditioned media from astrocytes or recombinant Tat protein inhibited NPC proliferation and migration and altered NPC differentiation, while immunodepletion of Tat from Tat-containing conditioned media or heat inactivation of recombinant Tat abrogated those effects. Notch signaling downstream geneHes1promoter-driven luciferase reporter gene assay and Western blotting showed that recombinant Tat or Tat-containing conditioned media activated Hes1 transcription and protein expression, which were abrogated by Tat heat inactivation, immunodepletion, and cysteine mutation at position 30. Last, Notch signaling inhibitorN-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT) significantly rescued Tat-impaired NPC differentiationin vitroand neurogenesisin vivo. Together, these results show that Tat adversely affects NPCs and neurogenesis through Notch signaling and point to the potential of developing Notch signaling inhibitors as HIV/neuroAIDS therapeutics.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHIV infection of the CNS causes cognitive and memory deficits, which have become more prevalent in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Neurogenesis is impaired in HIV-infected individuals. But the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we have discovered that HIV Tat impairs neurogenesis through the Notch signaling pathway. These findings are particularly important because Tat protein has recently been detected in the brain of HIV-infected individuals with HIV replication in the periphery being effectively controlled by cART. The current study not only further highlights the importance of HIV Tat protein in HIV/neuroAIDS, but also presents a new strategy to develop novel HIV/neuroAIDS therapeutics, particularly in the era of cART.
Editorial
Authors: Prado Teófilo
Published: November 2016

Una Asociación con valor agregado: La Pertenencia
Inhaled Laninamivir Octanoate as Prophylaxis for Influenza in Children
Authors: Nakano Takashi , Ishiwada Naruhiko , Sumitani Tokuhito , Uemori Mitsutoshi , Isobe Koji ,   for the Laninamivir Prophylaxis Study Group
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND:

A single 20-mg dose of inhaled laninamivir octanoate is an effective treatment of influenza. However, the efficacy of laninamivir octanoate for the prevention of influenza in children <10 years of age has not yet been established.

METHODS:

We conducted a double-blind, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled study to determine whether the efficacy of a single 20-mg dose of inhaled laninamivir octanoate to prevent the development of influenza was superior to that of placebo as prophylaxis for influenza in pediatric (<10 years) household members of index cases. Eligible subjects without influenza, in contact with an influenza-infected index case living in the same household, were blindly randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive 20 mg of laninamivir octanoate or placebo. The primary end point was the proportion of subjects who developed clinical influenza during a 10-day period.

RESULTS:

A total of 343 subjects were randomly assigned, with 341 subjects included in the full analysis set for the primary analysis. The proportions of subjects who developed clinical influenza were 11% (18/171) in the laninamivir octanoate group and 19% (33/170) in the placebo group (P = .02). The relative risk reduction was 45.8% (95% confidence interval, 7.5% to 68.2%). The incidence of adverse events was similar in both groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

A single 20-mg dose of inhaled laninamivir octanoate was effective and well tolerated as prophylaxis for influenza.
The value and impact of eLearning or Technology enhanced learning from one perspective of a Digital Scholar
Authors: Goh Poh Sun
Published: November 2016

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. The aim of this short article is to reflect on the value and impact of eLearning or Technology enhanced learning (TeL) from one perspective of a Digital Scholar. It will make and elaborate on three observations. Firstly, that the popularity of online digital content can be easily measured, and is a strong indicator that viewers find it interesting, engaging, and useful. This is particularly so when there are many alternatives available, so that the choice of specific content by student cohorts is a useful and strong indicator for its utility. Secondly, that the digital work and artefacts that students, and professionals in training produce, that can be collected and made available online, is a useful, and strong indicator of actual learning. This is an extension of the idea that digital teaching makes what we actually teach with and assess on, as well as our teaching process easily visible. Similarly, collecting representative samples of a student's work, or a professional's in training output, allows one to easily see the effect of actual learning and ongoing professional development. Lastly, features of digital scholarship will be described, with a reflection on its relationship to traditional educational scholarship. Online teaching with attention paid to showcasing content, the educational process, and educational outcomes, coupled with online metrics and analytics can be used to demonstrate both the quantity and quality of our educational efforts; as well as form the basis for educational and digital scholarship, through documentation, dissemination and academic discourse.
Are degrees in medical education worth the hassle for trainees? – No
Authors: Sharma Neel
Published: November 2016

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended.
Morbidity, utilization of curative care and service entry point preferences in metropolitan Centro Habana, Cuba
Authors: Rodríguez Armando , Díaz Addys , Balcindes Susana , García René , Vos Pol De , Stuyft Patrick Van der
Published: November 2016

Abstract: First-line health services with a primary health care approach are a strong trigger for adequate health-care-seeking behavior. Research on the association between prevalence of chronic diseases and acute illnesses and use of health services emphasizes the importance of socioeconomic determinants in such patterns of utilization. In a cross-sectional study of 408 families in Centro Habana, Cuba, home interviews were conducted between April and June 2010 to analyze socio-demographic determinants of acute and chronic health problems and use of formal health services. Bivariate and logistic regression models were used. 529 persons reported a chronic disease. During the previous month, 155 of the latter reported an exacerbation and 50 experienced an unrelated acute health problem. 107 persons without chronic diseases reported acute health problems. Age was the strongest determinant of chronic disease prevalence. Adult women and the elderly were more likely to report acute problems. Acute patients with underlying chronic disease used formal services more often. No socio-demographic variable was associated with services use or consultation with the family physician. While the family physician is defined as the system's entry-point, this was the case for only 54% of patients that had used formal services, thus compromising the physician's role in counseling patients and summarizing their health issues. The importance of chronic diseases highlights the need to strengthen the family physician's pivotal role. New economic policies in Cuba, stimulating self-employment and private initiative, may increase the strain on the exclusively public health care system. Still, the Cuban health system has demonstrated its ability to adapt to new challenges, and the basic premises of Cuba's health policy are expected to be preserved.
Health and innovation: economic dynamics and Welfare State in Brazil
Authors: Gadelha Carlos Augusto Grabois , Braga Patrícia Seixas da Costa
Published: November 2016

Abstract: The effective enforcement of the access to healthcare as fundamental right requires an important theoretical and political effort at linking the often contradictory economic and social dimensions of development. This study suggests the need for a systemic view of policies related to the industrial base and innovation in health and the construction of the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS). The authors investigate the relations between health, innovation, and development, seeking to show and update the political, economic, and social determinants of the recent Brazilian experience with the Health Economic-Industrial Complex (HEIC). They discuss how the agenda for innovation and domestic industrial production in health gained a central place in the project for construction of the SUS. The article thus seeks to link inherent issues from the agenda for development, production, and innovation to social policy in healthcare, as observed in recent years, and based on this analysis, points to political and conceptual challenges for implementing the SUS, especially as regards strengthening its technological and industrial base. As a byproduct, the article develops an analytical and factual focus on the consolidation of the HEIC in Brazil, both as a dynamic vector of industrial development, generating investment, income, employment, and innovations, and as a decisive element for reducing vulnerability and structural dependence in health. The authors aim to show that strengthening the SUS and orienting it to social needs is an essential part of building a social Welfare State in Brazil.
Innovation in healthcare services: notes on the limits of field research
Authors: Costa Laís Silveira
Published: November 2016

Abstract: The contemporary context of population aging, itsthe population's different health and disease characteristics, and the growing incorporation of technologies by healthcare systems have highlighted the need to adjust the healthcare structure as a whole. The defense of a democratic and sustainable system reveals the importance of understanding how changes in healthcare take place. The current article aims to contribute to the understanding of innovation in healthcare services. The study's results indicate that the existence of certain knowledge gaps means that public policies tend to overlook a whole rangeseries of innovations normally associated with social changes, with a consequentwith an impact on human development, social cohesion, equality, and equity, allcentral issues that are central toin the field of collective public healthcare field. The article concludes that the lack of a mature theoretical framework negatively impacts the formulation of such policies, further aggravated in Brazil by growing differences in quality and access between population segments that depend on the public and private healthcare systems.
From health plan companies to international insurance companies: changes in the accumulation regime and repercussions on the healthcare system in Brazil
Authors: Bahia Ligia , Scheffer Mario , Tavares Leandro Reis , Braga Iale Falleiros
Published: November 2016

Abstract: The concentration and internationalization of health plan companies in Brazil gave them a clearly financial face. Based on the need to understand the health care industry's capital accumulation patterns, the current study examines health plan companies' expansion strategies through the classification of their supply and demand characteristics by recent historical periods and an analysis of recent shareholding trends in one of the leading corporations in the Brazilian health care industry. The 1960s to 2000s witnessed changes in the scale of demands for health plans and adherence by companies to long-term accumulation strategies. Beginning in the early 21st century, changes in the shareholding structures of the largest Brazilian company, consistent with the financialization of its accumulation regime, resulted in the rapid multiplication of its capital. Deepening segmentation of the health care system in a context marked by the downturn in the national economy challenges the preservation of public subsidies for private health plans.
Leishmania infantum infection in dogs from maroon communities in the Eastern Amazon
Authors: Silva Andréia Ferreira da , Damasceno Ágatha Rossanni Alves , Prado Welton Seabra , Caldeira Rossela Damasceno , Sampaio-Junior Francisco Dantas , Farias Diana Maria de , Silva Laís Cristina Oliveira da , Guimarães Ricardo José de Paula Souza e , Góes-Cavalcante Gustavo , Scofield Alessandra
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT: This study was designed to detect L. infantum infection in dogs and to evaluate the factors associated with canine visceral leishmaniasis in the maroon communities of Menino Jesus de Petimandeua and Itaboca in the municipality of Inhangapi, Pará, Brazil. Whole blood and intact skin samples were collected from 143 dogs, and a questionnaire was applied. L. infantum DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers RV1 and RV2. Collection sites were georeferenced to obtain a spatial distribution of the residences visited and infected dogs. L. infantum DNA was detected in 8.4% (12/143) of the skin samples and in 1.4% (2/143) of the blood samples. On the risk map, three clusters were observed in Itaboca and one was observed in Menino Jesus de Petimandeua. We observed that most of the inhabitants in these maroon communities live close to forested areas and do not use protection against insect vectors. The presence of canine reservoirs of L. infantum associated to environment characteristics (preserved forests and deforested areas) and habits of dog owners (living near forested areas and not using any protection against insects) may favor the transmission of L. infantum in the studied areas.
Potential impacts of using sewage sludge biochar on the growth of plant forest seedlings
Authors: Silva Maria Isidoria , Mackowiak Cheryl , Minogue Patrick , Reis Alessandra Ferreira , Moline Ederlon Flavio da Veiga
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT: Sewage sludge has long been successfully used in the production of nursery plants; however, some restriction may apply due to its high pathogenic characteristics. The process of charring the organic waste significantly reduces that undesired component and may be as effective as the non-charred residue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sewage sludge biochar on the growth and morphological traits of eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus grandis L.) seedlings, and compare results with those observed when using uncharred sewage sludge. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design, in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme, with four replications. Charred and non-charred sewage sludge were tested with and without NPK addition. A control treatment was also evaluated. Ten weeks old eucalyptus seedlings were transferred to the pots and grew for eight weeks. Chlorophyll content, plant height and stem diameter were measured at 0, 30 and 60 days after transplant. Shoot and root biomass were measured after plant harvest. Dickson Quality Index was calculated to evaluate the overall quality of seedlings. Biochar was effective in improving the seedlings quality, and had similar effects as the non-charred waste. Therefore, sewage sludge biochar has the potential to improve the process of production of forest species seedlings and further reduce the environmental risks associated with the use of non-charred sewage sludge.
Uma agenda de pesquisa para a Atenção Primária à Saúde no estado de São Paulo, Brasil: o estudo ELECT
Authors: Orlandin Eduardo Antônio de Sousa , Moscovici Leonardo , Franzon Ana Carolina Arruda , Passos Afonso Dinis Costa , Fabbro Amaury Lelis Dal , Vieira Elisabeth Meloni , Bellissimo-Rodrigues Fernando , Gusso Gustavo Diniz Ferreira , Ferreira Janise Braga Barros , Marques João Mazzoncini de Azevedo , Ribeiro Luciana Cisoto , Santos Luciane Loures dos , Demarzo Marcelo Marcos Piva , Fontão Paulo Celso Nogueira , Souza João Paulo
Published: November 2016

A consolidação da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) requer políticas públicas embasadas por evidências científicas. Este artigo apresenta o estudo ELECT, cujo objetivo foi identificar temas prioritários de pesquisa para a fortalecimento da APS no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Com a participação de especialistas e de um grupo focal com usuários, foi obtida uma lista com os vinte principais obstáculos, bem como dez temas de pesquisa prioritários, na APS. Os resultados apontam para problemas e temas de pesquisas relacionados à: organização da gestão, capacitação de profissionais e gestores, valorização profissional, criação de mecanismos de colaboração entre equipes de saúde e informatização dos recursos. Espera-se, assim, estimular o debate no contexto da APS sobre o papel da priorização de pesquisas, seus obstáculos e proposições de pesquisa. Almeja-se, também, estimular a adoção de modelos mais participativos de seleção de temas de pesquisa.
Interceptação das precipitações em floresta amazônica de terra firme
Authors: Franken Wolfram , Leopoldo Paulo Rodolfo , Matsui Eiichi , Ribeiro Maria de Nazaré Góes
Published: November 2016

Resumo O estudo foi conduzido na Bacia Modelo, junto ao Km 14 da ZF-2, em parcela representativa da floresta amazônica de terra firme e teve por objetivo quantificar a fração da água de chuva interceptada pela cobertura florestal. No seu desenvolvimento, utilizou-se de três pluviômetros localizados a céu aberto e de outros trinta instalados no interior da parcela, além de sistemas coletores de água escoada pelo tronco, instalados em trinta e sete árvores. Pelos resultados obtidos pode-se verificar que do total da chuva que atingiu o topo das árvores 22%, em média, foi retido pela cobertura florestal retornando à atmosfera por evaporação, cerca de 77,7% chegou ao solo na forma de precipitação interna, enquanto que uma pequena parcela, da ordem de 0,3% foi escoada pelo tronco das árvores.
Levantamentos ornitológicos no dossel da mata pluvial de terra firme
Authors: Bierrergaard Jr. Richard O.
Published: November 2016

Resumo De uma torre de 42m de altura, observaram-se pássaros mal conhecidos, que vivem no dossel, e por cima dele, 131 espécies vistas ou ouvidas da torre, foram identificadas, sendo aqui incluída uma lista das mesmas. Uma delas, Haematoderis militaris, até então conhecida apenas no leste da Bacia Amazônica, foi registrada pela primeira vez, na Amazônia Central.
FLEXIBILIZAÇÃO DOS VÍNCULOS DE TRABALHO NA ATENÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA: LIMITES DA POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE SAÚDE BUCAL
Authors: Oliveira Raquel Santos de , Morais Heloisa Maria Mendonça de
Published: November 2016

Resumo O artigo explora as mudanças que vêm ocorrendo na organização do trabalho no âmbito da Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal, considerando as transformações ocorridas na esfera do trabalho no cenário global da reestruturação produtiva. Esse fenômeno, inicialmente observado na organização do trabalho industrial, vem sendo descrito também no setor de serviços, sendo visíveis alguns de seus efeitos no campo da saúde. No Brasil, desde a Reforma do Estado de 1995, foram implantadas modalidades contratuais flexíveis, o que possibilitou a instituição legal de vínculos precários na rede de serviços de saúde pública e privada. O presente estudo é descritivo com componentes próprios das abordagens quantitativa e qualitativa. O estudo de campo foi realizado nos 13 Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas da Região Metropolitana do Recife, Brasil, 2010 e objetivou investigar o fenômeno da precarização e suas manifestações na atenção à saúde bucal. O material estudado evidenciou um contexto de precarização do trabalho nos serviços investigados, com repercussões sobre a qualidade do atendimento prestado à população usuária dos centros, condição essa que constitui um dos desafios a ser enfrentado pela Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal.
PROCESSO DE TRABALHO NA RESIDÊNCIA MÉDICA: A SUBORDINAÇÃO DO ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM À EXPLORAÇÃO DA FORÇA DE TRABALHO DOS RESIDENTES
Authors: Sponholz Thaís Carla Huk , Sartori Michele Thais , Marques Ana Paula Sellucio , Albuquerque Guilherme Souza Cavalcanti de , Silva Marcelo José de Souza e , Perna Paulo de Oliveira
Published: November 2016

Resumo O sofrimento dos médicos-residentes causado por suas condições de trabalho é fartamente descrito na literatura. As condições, muitas vezes inaceitáveis, impostas a esse tipo de trabalhador, além de objeto de produções científicas, são de pleno conhecimento entre aqueles que trabalham na área da saúde e da educação médica. O presente estudo foi realizado em 2010 com o objetivo de descrever os principais aspectos dessas condições em dois hospitais públicos de Curitiba (Paraná) e refletir sobre os motivos e mecanismos da reprodução da maioria delas. Realizou-se um estudo transversal, a partir da aplicação de questionários, para a explicitação dos processos críticos protetores e destrutivos da saúde dos médicos-residentes. Dos cem médicos-residentes do primeiro ano em atividade nos hospitais estudados, 58 participaram da pesquisa. Os resultados mostram elevada jornada de trabalho semanal, elevado número de horas contínuas de trabalho, falta de supervisão e alta carga de estresse. O processo de trabalho caracteriza-se pela subordinação do ensino-aprendizagem à exploração da força de trabalho dos residentes, constituindo-se mais como destrutivo do que como protetor de sua saúde.
SAÚDE E QUALIDADE DE VIDA: DISCURSOS DE DOCENTES NO COTIDIANO DE UMA ESCOLA PÚBLICA DE SANTA CATARINA
Authors: Wilberstaedt Ioná Outo de Souza , Vieira Marcia Gilmara Marian , Silva Yolanda Flores e
Published: November 2016

Resumo A pesquisa teve por objetivo conhecer as concepções sobre saúde, doença, qualidade de vida e temas afins de docentes de uma escola pública de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil, 2013. Estudo qualitativo, descritivo, com dados coletados por meio de grupo focal e entrevistas semiestruturadas. A estratégia de grupo focal adotada foi orientada segundo a abordagem do ‘círculo de cultura’, no qual os participantes expressaram suas concepções sobre os temas estudados e refletiram sobre como contribuir com estratégias de promoção da saúde no contexto escolar por meio da educação em saúde. O universo da pesquisa foi formado por 16 docentes da rede estadual de ensino; oito docentes confirmaram a participação no grupo focal e, desses, apenas seis compareceram do primeiro ao último encontro. Ao final os dados revelaram que os docentes percebem uma estreita relação entre saúde e qualidade de vida e que uma vida saudável é possível na presença de enfermidade. Enfatizaram a necessidade de maior participação dos pais e profissionais da saúde no processo de educação em saúde e, também, de um preparo sistemático e permanente sobre as questões que envolvam saúde no contexto escolar. As concepções dos docentes reafirmam que a dimensão social sobressai à biológica e que o conhecimento e a valorização desses aspectos, na prática docente, podem ampliar as ações em saúde.
ACUMULAÇÃO FLEXÍVEL E PARADIGMA GERENCIAL: OS IMPACTOS NA QUALIFICAÇÃO DOS TÉCNICOS DE ENFERMAGEM NOS ANOS 2000
Authors: Corôa Roberta de Carvalho
Published: November 2016

Resumo Neste artigo, identifico as determinações políticas e sociais que perpassam a gestão do trabalho no Sistema Único de Saúde durante os anos 2000 e discuto a configuração da qualificação do trabalho dos técnicos de enfermagem com base em documentos oficiais do período. O trabalho no Sistema Único de Saúde, nas últimas duas décadas, foi perpassado por dois movimentos centrais: ideias de gestão adotadas pelo Estado relacionadas ao paradigma da administração pública gerencial; e articulação das especificidades do trabalho em saúde, a um só tempo, com os princípios e diretrizes definidos para o sistema na Constituição Federal de 1988 e com os modos de organização do trabalho característicos do padrão de acumulação flexível. A conformação desses elementos, por sua vez, se expressa nas ações e programas do Ministério da Saúde como novas demandas para o trabalho em saúde, que dão ênfase aos aspectos subjetivos, emocionais e relacionais da atividade.