bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biological Efficacy and Toxicological Evaluation of Ethanolic Extract of Cassia nodosa Buch.-Ham. (Leguminosae)
Authors: Afu Gameli , Laryea Michael Konney , Borquaye Lawrence Sheringham
Published: September 2020

Medicinal plants are used worldwide to treat various diseases. However, scientific validation of the therapeutic potential of most medicinal plants is absent, and little to no information on their potential toxicity exists. It is therefore important to assess the efficacy and toxicity of various medicinal plants commonly used in traditional herbal medicine. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the ethanolic extract of Cassia nodosa, a plant used in the treatment of fever, cold, gastric pain, diabetes mellitus, and malaria in Ghana. The stem bark extract of Cassia nodosa was obtained by cold maceration. Following phytochemical examination via standard procedures, the extract was screened for antiplasmodial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. The extract was also evaluated for acute oral toxicity and its toxicity to the liver and kidney of rats. Phytochemicals present in the extract included sterols, alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, and coumarins. In the in vitro antiplasmodial activity test, the Cassia nodosa extract showed moderate antiplasmodial activity with an IC50 value of 23.98 ± 2.07 µg/ml. An ED50 value of 8.52 ± 2.83 mg/kg in the anti-inflammatory test indicated that the Cassia nodosa extract administered orally was very active in reducing inflammation. The total antioxidant capacity of the extract was determined to be 48.49 ± 5.24 gAAE/100 g with the total phenolic content being 28.48 ± 3.13 (gGAE/100 g) extract. In the DPPH radical scavenging assay, the concentration required for 50% inhibition of DPPH radical was found to be 78.71 ± 6.84 µg/mL. There was a gradual increase in the body weight of rats in both treated and control groups during the acute toxicity test. Clinical biochemical tests did not show any significant differences between control and treated groups of animals in terms of liver and renal functions, 14 days after administration of Cassia nodosa extracts. Taken together, these results provide scientific validation for the use of the plant in traditional medicine.
Dysregulated Bone Metabolism Is Related to High Expression of miR‐151a‐3p in Severe Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Wang Yunjia , Zhang Hongqi , Yang Guanteng , Xiao Lige , Li Jiong , Guo Chaofeng
Published: September 2020

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a common complex disease, and bone homeostasis plays an important role in its pathogenesis. Recent advances in epigenetic research show that dysregulated miRNAs may participate in the development of orthopedic diseases and AIS. The aim of this study was to detect differentially expressed miRNAs in severe AIS and elucidate the mechanism of miRNA deregulation in the pathogenesis of AIS. In the present study, miRNA expression profiles were detected in severe and mild AIS patients as well as healthy controls by miRNA sequencing. Candidate miRNAs were validated in a larger cohort. Primary osteoblasts from severe AIS patients were extracted and isolated to determine the effect of the candidate miRNAs on bone metabolism. Finally, we determined the methylation level in primary osteoblasts from severe AIS patients. The result showed that miR‐151a‐3p was overexpressed in severe AIS patients. Reduced GREM1 expression was observed in primary osteoblasts from severe AIS patients. miR‐151a‐3p directly inhibited GREM1 in primary osteoblasts. Relatively lower methylation levels were detected in primary osteoblasts from severe AIS patients. In conclusion, our study revealed that plasma miR‐151a‐3p levels may serve as a biomarker for severe AIS. Overexpression of miR‐151a‐3p may interrupt bone homeostasis via inhibiting GREM1 expression. Our result may provide a new biomarker for the early detection of AIS and increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of AIS.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Performance of ICU, CCU, and Emergency Wards Nurses in Kermanshah, Iran, regarding Organ Donation
Authors: Janatolmakan Maryam , Soroush Ali , Nouri Roghayeh , Andayeshgar Bahare , Khatony Alireza
Published: September 2020

Background. Providing an organ for donation is a major problem worldwide and nurses play an important role in facilitating the process of organ donation. This study is aimed at investigating the knowledge, attitude, and performance of nurses working in the ICU, CCU, and emergency wards regarding organ donation. Methods. In this descriptive-analytical study, 185 nurses working in ICU, CCU, and emergency wards were studied through systematic random sampling. The data collection was done by a self-administered questionnaire. Results. The mean knowledge of nurses was 8.9 ± 1.4 out of 10. There was a significant relationship between knowledge of nurses regarding donation and religion and having organ donation card (P<0.001). The mean attitude of nurses was 7.8 ± 2.2 out of 8. The variables, including “having a donation card and marriage,” were associated with attitude of nurses toward organ donation. The mean performance of nurses was 0.4 ± 0.7 out of 3. There was a significant relationship between performance of nurses and having a donation card (P<0.001). Knowledge was the strongest predictor of nurses’ performance (P<0.01). Conclusion. The studied nurses showed sufficient knowledge and favorable attitude toward organ donation; however, they had poor performance. It is suggested to hold training courses to improve performance of nurses. The revision of the nursing students’ curriculum as future nurses should also be considered.
Adherence to Medical Treatment in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients from a Referral Center in Bahia‐Brazil
Authors: Andrade Laíla D. , Oliveira Fernanda A. , Mariano Victor D. , Santos Monique C. A. , Pereira Fernanda A. , dos Santos Cláudia I. N. , Fortes Flora M. L. , Pimentel Andrea M. , Mota Jaciane A. , Almeida Neogélia P. , Surlo Valdiana C. , Silva Bruno C. , Pacheco Mila P. , Santana Genoile O.
Published: September 2020

Background/Aims. Identify the degree of adherence to drug therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases followed up at a referral center in Bahia‐Brazil. Methods. Observational, analytical, and cross‐sectional studies carried out from June/2017 to July/2018, with questionnaire application and medical record review at a referral center in inflammatory bowel diseases in Salvador, Bahia. The Morisky Green Levine Scale was applied to assess adherence. Mean, standard deviation, and frequency analyses were performed using the statistical package SPSS, and chi‐square was used to evaluate the association between categorical variables and adherence degree to treatment. Significant associations were considered with p < 0.05. Results. 302 patients with inflammatory bowel diseases were included. Nonadherence was highlighted in the sample. Most part of the study population was female, declared themselves to be mixed race, claimed to be from urban areas, and married. Nonadherence was more frequent than adherence in most sociodemographic variables of the present study. Nonadherence also stood out among the clinical variables, such as disease activity, drug side effect, and use of more than two additional medications. The association between all studied variables and adherence degree to treatment, considering the general sample, did not show statistical significance. When Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis patients were evaluated separately, a statistically significant association between nonadherence and female patients with ulcerative colitis was observed. Conclusions. The high frequency of nonadherence was observed in the studied sample. Female gender was associated to nonadherence in the subpopulation with ulcerative colitis.
Natural Drugs as a Treatment Strategy for Cardiovascular Disease through the Regulation of Oxidative Stress
Authors: Chang Xing , Zhang Tian , Zhang Wenjin , Zhao Zhenyu , Sun Jiahui
Published: September 2020

Oxidative stress (OS) refers to the physiological imbalance between oxidative and antioxidative processes leading to increased oxidation, which then results in the inflammatory infiltration of neutrophils, increased protease secretion, and the production of a large number of oxidative intermediates. Oxidative stress is considered an important factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). At present, active components of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have been widely used for the treatment of CVD, including coronary heart disease and hypertension. Since the discovery of artemisinin for the treatment of malaria by Nobel laureate Youyou Tu, the therapeutic effects of active components of CHM on various diseases have been widely investigated by the medical community. It has been found that various active CHM components can regulate oxidative stress and the circulatory system, including ginsenoside, astragaloside, and resveratrol. This paper reviews advances in the use of active CHM components that modulate oxidative stress, suggesting potential drugs for the treatment of various CVDs.
Obstructive-Type Jaundice without Bile Duct Dilatation in Generalized Peritonitis Is a Specific Sign of Spontaneous Gall Bladder Perforation
Authors: Budipramana Vicky Sumarki , Meilita Maria
Published: September 2020

Generalized peritonitis caused by spontaneous gall bladder perforation is rare and difficult to diagnose preoperatively. The increased absorption of the spilling conjugated bile from the gall bladder by the inflamed peritoneum causes jaundice and direct hyperbilirubinemia. A 56-year-old male patient with septic generalized peritonitis and obstructive-type hyperbilirubinemia came to our hospital. The blood examination showed that total, direct, and indirect bilirubin were 6.20, 5.38, and 0.82 mg/dl. The gall bladder perforation was not detected on USG, CT scan, and MRCP. On laparotomy, we found a 0.5 cm perforation on the fundus of the gall bladder and 2500 cc of bilious fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Cholecystectomy was performed, and the patient completely recovered after the surgery. Preoperative diagnosis of spontaneous gall bladder perforation is difficult even by using ultrasonography, CT scan, and MRCP. The inflammatory reaction of the peritoneum in bile peritonitis increases the absorption of the spilled conjugated bile from the peritoneal cavity. The obstructive-type hyperbilirubinemia without dilatation of the bile duct on imaging examination was the sign of bile leakage into the peritoneal cavity. In septic condition, the preoperative diagnosis of the spontaneous gall bladder perforation is important to establish so that the surgeon can make only a minimal procedure in reducing the morbidity. Therefore, it could be concluded that the presently occurring obstructive-type jaundice without dilatation of the bile duct in the case of generalized peritonitis is a specific sign of spontaneous gall bladder perforation.
Slip Effects on Unsteady Oblique Stagnation Point Flow of Nanofluid in a View of Inclined Magnetic Field
Authors: Rizwana Rizwana , Hussain Azad , Nadeem S.
Published: September 2020

This study may be applicable in heavy power engine and cooling of a nuclear reactor, insulation for buildings, petroleum reservoir operations, and magnetic material processing solar energy collectors. In this manuscript, the slip results are evaluated for the non-Newtonian fluid on the oblique stagnation point flow of induced magnetic field over the oscillating surface. The valuation of heat flux is examined through the Fourier law of heat transfer. The metallic nanoparticle Copper Cu is within the base fluid, and water is utilized in the analysis. Nanofluids have benefits such as steadiness of the working fluid, decreasing blockage, clogs, decreasing prices, decreasing the friction coefficient, and decreasing the size of the heat transfer system. Similarity variables are utilized to convert the developed flow into higher nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations (ODE) which are tackled numerically using a mathematical technique such as the bvp4c method in Maple and Matlab software. According to the present geometry, the flow behavior of the operating nanofluid has analyzed by stream lines. Disparities in velocity and temperature profile are demonstrated by graphs to describe the effects of controlling parameters. The Casson fluid parameter enhances the velocity of the fluid. The system heats up by the impact of Joule heating and dissipation.
Decisions of Closed-Loop Supply Chain Based on Recycling Effort and Differential Game
Authors: Song Jingxiu , Bian Yuan , Liu Guangdong
Published: September 2020

Recycled resource and consumer satisfaction drive bicycle enterprises to take effort to recycle damaged bicycles. Considering consumers’ riding experience, this paper analyzes a closed-loop supply chain where the operator sets price and recycling effort, and the supplier determines wholesale price. Rent and recycling strategies in integrated and decentralized channels are analyzed, and four types of revenue and cost-sharing contracts are compared, and the linear transfer payment-CS contract is designed to coordinate the decentralized supply chain. The results show that the consumers’ concern for riding experience can encourage the operator to increase recycling effort and the operator increases the rents and recycling effort over time. Besides, the sharing deposit income among supply chain members only affects the wholesale price and does not change the decisions of rent and recovery effort. In other words, the deposit is used to adjust the profit distribution among members, and there is no difference for consumers and society.
Effect of Bacillus cohnii on Some Physicomechanical and Microstructural Properties of Ordinary Portland Cement
Authors: Wangui Ngari Reginah , Karanja Thiong’o Joseph , Wachira Jackson Muthengia
Published: September 2020

Cement-made materials face durability and sustainability challenges. This is majorly caused by the presence of cracks. Cracking affects the mechanical strength of cement-based materials. Microbiologically induced calcite precipitation (MICP) has been found to enhance compressive strength, thus enhancing on the mechanical and durability properties of these materials. This paper presents the findings of a study conducted to investigate the effect of Bacillus cohnii on compressive strength development of OPC mortar prisms and the effect of Bacillus cohnii on cement setting time and soundness. Microbial concentration of 1.0 × 107 cells·ml−1 was used. Compressive strength tests analyses were carried out for each category of mortar prisms. Compressive strength tests were carried out on the 2nd, 7th, 14th, 28th, 56th, and 90th day of curing in distilled water and microbial solutions. All microbial mortars exhibited a greater compressive strength compared to the control with the highest observed at 90 days. Highest percentage gain in compressive strength was observed at 90 days which is 28.3%. Microstructural analysis was carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) after 28 days of curing. The results indicated the presence of calcium carbonate and more calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) deposits on the bacterial mortars. The bacteria did not have an effect on cement soundness. Setting time was significantly accelerated.
Parkinson’s Disease-Related Risk of Suicide and Effect of Deep Brain Stimulation: Meta-Analysis
Authors: Du Juncong , Liu Xi , Zhou Xuan , Wang Hui , Zhou Wen , Jiang Jin , Peng Wuxue , Mo Lijuan , Tan Changhong , Chen Lifen
Published: September 2020

Background. Previous studies investigated the risk of suicide in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) but reported discrepant results. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective therapy for PD, while its effect on suicide risk has seldom been researched. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the risk of suicide and/or suicidal ideation in PD patients and in PD patients who underwent DBS. Methods. Relevant articles published in the PubMed or EMBASE or CNKI database from 1990 to December 2019 were sourced, and the combined standardized mortality rate (SMR) or odds ratio (OR) was pooled. Result. A total of 1070 articles were found. After screening, 4 cross-sectional studies, 4 cohort studies, 2 randomized controlled trial studies, and 2 case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled data indicated that PD patients may have increased risk of suicide (lnSMR, 0.459; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.286 to 0.632; p<0.001). No significant difference was found in the risk of suicide when comparing PD patients who underwent DBS with PD patients who received only drug therapy (OR = 2.844, 95%CI: 0.619 to 13.072, p=0.179). DBS may increase the risk of suicide and/or suicidal ideation in PD patients compared with general population (lnSMR = 3.383, 95%CI: 2.839 to 3.927, p<0.001). Conclusion. PD patients have higher risk of suicide and/or suicidal ideation compared with controls, while PD patients who received DBS tend to have an increased risk of suicide or suicidal ideation. Psychological evaluation is needed in PD patients, and pre- and post-operation evaluations are necessary for PD patients who underwent DBS.
Controller Design Based on Echo State Network with Delay Output for Nonlinear System
Authors: Yao Xianshuang , Fan Siyuan , Zhao Bo , Cao Shengxian
Published: September 2020

For the nonlinear systems with delay output, the control performance of the system is affected by the previous output of the system, such as crawling robots of photovoltaic panels. In this paper, an improved controller design method based on echo state network with delay output (DO-ESN) is proposed for designing the controller of a class of nonlinear system. According to the internal characteristics of DO-ESN, the DO-ESN can match the system characteristics of nonlinear systems with delay output, such that the proposed controller can quickly meet the control performance of the nonlinear system. In order to ensure the stability of the controller, a sufficient condition is given for the echo state property of DO-ESN. Finally, a simulation example is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Feasibility Study of Using Engineered Cementitious Composite and High-Strength Bars in Rigid Bridge Piers Based on Seismic Vulnerability Analysis
Authors: Li Jie , Hu Yuanhong , Yang Dayu , Feng Tengda , Liang Yan , Tao Chenchen
Published: September 2020

The main function of pier is to transmit the load from superstructure to foundation reliably. Under earthquake action, the main failure reason of bridge is the damage of bridge pier. The application of some high-performance materials is helpful to improve the seismic performance of bridge piers. Based on seismic vulnerability analysis, this paper studies the feasibility of using engineered cementitious composite (ECC) and high-strength bars in bridge piers. Taking a rigid pier as an example, a nonlinear numerical model is established by OpenSees software. The reasonable replacement height of ECC in plastic hinge regions, stirrup ratio of pier section, and replacement rate of high-strength bars are obtained through the seismic performance analysis of the pier. Then, seismic vulnerability of rigid pier with ECC and high-strength bars is analyzed. The results show that it is feasible to improve the seismic performance of the piers by using ECC and high-strength bars. Considering the economic rationality, the replacement height of ECC in plastic hinge regions can be determined according to the curvature change point. For the rigid pier, the economical and reasonable volume stirrup ratio is 0.78%. The ultimate curvature of RC/ECC pier bottom increases by 12.4% when the longitudinal bars of the pier are replaced by high-strength bars, and the energy dissipation capacity increases by 22.5% on average. Compared with the pier’s original design, the exceedance probability of each limit state of the rigid pier with ECC and high-strength bars is significantly reduced. Its seismic performance is superior, and the risk of seismic damage is significantly reduced.
Adaptive Neural Backstepping Sliding Mode Heading Control for Underactuated Ships with Drift Angle and Ship-Bank Interaction
Authors: Han Xue
Published: September 2020

In order to track the desired path under unknown parameters and environmental disturbances, an adaptive backstepping sliding mode control algorithm with a neural estimator is proposed for underactuated ships considering both ship-bank interaction effect and shift angle. Using the features of radial basis function neural network, which can approximate arbitrary function, the unknown parameters of the ship model and environmental disturbances are estimated. The trajectory tracking errors include stabilizing sway and surge velocities errors. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, the tracking error will converge to zero and the system is asymptotically stable. The controlled trajectory is contractive and asymptotically tends to the desired position and attitude. The results show that compared with the basic sliding mode control algorithm, the overshoot of the adaptive backstepping sliding mode control with neural estimator is smaller and the regulation time of the system is shorter. The ship can adjust itself and quickly reach its desired position under disturbances. This shows that the designed RBF neural network observer can track both the mild level 3 sea state and the bad level 5 sea state, although the wave disturbance has relatively fast time-varying disturbance. The algorithm has good tracking performance and can realize the accurate estimation of wave disturbance, especially in bad sea conditions.
Urban Traffic Flow Forecast Based on FastGCRNN
Authors: Zhang Ya , Lu Mingming , Li Haifeng
Published: September 2020

Traffic forecasting is an important prerequisite for the application of intelligent transportation systems in urban traffic networks. The existing works adopted RNN and CNN/GCN, among which GCRN is the state-of-the-art work, to characterize the temporal and spatial correlation of traffic flows. However, it is hard to apply GCRN to the large-scale road networks due to high computational complexity. To address this problem, we propose abstracting the road network into a geometric graph and building a Fast Graph Convolution Recurrent Neural Network (FastGCRNN) to model the spatial-temporal dependencies of traffic flow. Specifically, we use FastGCN unit to efficiently capture the topological relationship between the roads and the surrounding roads in the graph with reducing the computational complexity through importance sampling, combine GRU unit to capture the temporal dependency of traffic flow, and embed the spatiotemporal features into Seq2Seq based on the Encoder-Decoder framework. Experiments on large-scale traffic data sets illustrate that the proposed method can greatly reduce computational complexity and memory consumption while maintaining relatively high accuracy.
Relationships between Biochemical Criteria, Volatile Compounds, and Sensory Profiles of Ten Apricot Clones at Commercial and Consumption Ripening Stages
Authors: Ayour Jamal , Benichou Mohamed , Alahyane Abderrahim , Harrak Hasnaâ
Published: September 2020

In association with a desirable balance of sugars and organic acids, volatile compounds contribute to the important sensory attributes of apricots. This study assessed the biochemical, aromatic, and sensory qualities of ten Moroccan apricot clones at two maturity stages (M1: commercial stage and M2: consumption stage). Sucrose (1.84–7.09 g/100 g of fresh weight (FW)) and citric acid (0.56–2.25 g/100 g FW) were the main sugar and organic acid in fresh apricots, respectively. The principal identified volatile compounds classes were aldehydes, alcohols, and acetates. The major apricot volatile compounds, hexanal (15.43–696.35 μg/kg FW), 2-hexenal (9.04–404.72 μg/kg FW), β-linalool (8.49–880.50 μg/kg FW), and 1-hexanol (3.35–86.00 μg/kg FW), were previously reported to be major contributors to apricot flavor. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant impact of the ripening stage on the perception of sensory quality related to biochemical parameters. At the commercial stage, apricots were more firm and acidic, characterized by herbaceous odor and high citric acid level, while at the consumption stage, fruits were sweeter, having high reducing sugars (glucose and fructose) contents, and characterized by floral, fruity, and apricot flavors. Among suggested cultivars as suitable for consumption as fruits, red clones (“Cg 2” and “Mans 15”) and orange clones (“Marouch 16,” “Ab 5,” “Rtil 4” and “Marouch 4”) showed very interesting sensory attributes, aroma, and sugar-acid balance, expressing a good overall quality of apricot fruits.
Combustion Turbulence Flow in Trapped Vortex Combustor with Guide Vane and Blunt Body
Authors: Zeng Zhuoxiong , Guo Kaifang , Gong Xue
Published: September 2020

Numerical calculation was conducted to obtain the optimum structure parameters of the trapped vortex combustor (TVC) with the guide vane and blunt body. The results show that the optimum structure parameters of the guide vane are a/Hf=0.5, b/Li=0.2, and c/L=0.1, and the optimum structure parameters of blunt body are S/L=0.7, L2/L=0.1, and L1/Li=0.25. Then, the influence of different inlet conditions on the combustion turbulence flow was studied. The results show that high inlet temperature and low inlet velocity can effectively reduce total pressure loss; the equivalence ratio has little effect on total pressure loss. The study of unsteady flow shows that double vortices undergo the process of preliminarily forming-breaking down-forming again-being stable gradually.
A Pattern-Based Software Testing Framework for Exploitability Evaluation of Metadata Corruption Vulnerabilities
Authors: Deng Fenglei , Wang Jian , Zhang Bin , Feng Chao , Jiang Zhiyuan , Su Yunfei
Published: September 2020

In recent years, increased attention is being given to software quality assurance and protection. With considerable verification and protection schemes proposed and deployed, today’s software unfortunately still fails to be protected from cyberattacks, especially in the presence of insecure organization of heap metadata. In this paper, we aim to explore whether heap metadata could be corrupted and exploited by cyberattackers, in an attempt to assess the exploitability of vulnerabilities and ensure software quality. To this end, we propose RELAY, a software testing framework to simulate human exploitation behavior for metadata corruption at the machine level. RELAY employs the heap layout serialization method to construct exploit patterns from human expertise and decomposes complex exploit-solving problems into a series of intermediate state-solving subproblems. With the heap layout procedural method, RELAY makes use of the fewer resources consumed to solve a layout problem according to the exploit pattern, activates the intermediate state, and generates the final exploit. Additionally, RELAY can be easily extended and can continuously assimilate human knowledge to enhance its ability for exploitability evaluation. Using 20 CTF&RHG programs, we then demonstrate that RELAY has the ability to evaluate the exploitability of metadata corruption vulnerabilities and works more efficiently compared with other state-of-the-art automated tools.
Optimization Design on Functionally Graded Cem for Trains Based on LPM Model with Calibrated Parameters
Authors: Qin Ruixian , Chen Bingzhi
Published: September 2020

Lumped parameter modeling (LPM) combined with optimization techniques is an efficient approach for parametric configuration design of energy absorption to improve crashworthiness performance during train collision. This work proposed a simplified model by introducing a bar element to consider the influence of the carbody in a collision process. The optimization method is applied to calibrate the equivalent parameters of the bar element. Bar elements with calibrated parameters are adopted in establishing a one-dimensional (1D) model for the train crash. Subsequently, a novel crash energy management (CEM) mode with functionally graded energy (FGE) configuration is introduced to the train crash model for improving crashworthiness performance. The influence of parameters in graded function on interfacial force and peak acceleration is investigated and optimal design parameters are obtained by Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II). It is concluded that considering the behavior of the carbody can improve the accuracy of LPM in predicting the longitudinal response, and the gradient CEM is a potential energy configuration mode to improve the crashworthiness of the train in a collision.
Analysis of Freeway Secondary Crashes in Different Traffic Flow States by Three-Phase Traffic Theory
Authors: Yang Bo , Wu Yao , Zhang Weihua
Published: September 2020

The objective of this study is to analyse the relationship between secondary crash risk and traffic flow states and explore the contributing factors of secondary crashes in different traffic flow states. Crash data and traffic data were collected on the I-880 freeway in California from 2006 to 2011. The traffic flow states are categorised by three-phase traffic theory. The Bayesian conditional logit model has been established to analyse the statistical relationship between the secondary crash probability and various traffic flow states. The results showed that free flow (F) state has the best safety performance of secondary crash and synchronized flow (S) state has the worst safety performance of secondary crashes. The traditional logistic regression model has been used to analyse the contributing factors of secondary crashes in different traffic flow states. The results indicated that the contributing factors in different traffic flow states are significantly different.
Research on Object Detection Algorithm Based on Multilayer Information Fusion
Authors: Chen Bao-Yuan , Shen Yu-Kun , Sun Kun
Published: September 2020

At present, object detectors based on convolution neural networks generally rely on the last layer of features extracted by the feature extraction network. In the process of continuous convolution and pooling of deep features, the position information cannot be completely transferred backward. This paper proposes a multiscale feature reuse detection model, which includes the basic feature extraction network DenseNet, feature fusion network, multiscale anchor region proposal network, and classification and regression network. The fusion of high-dimensional features and low-dimensional features not only strengthens the model's sensitivity to objects of different sizes but also strengthens the transmission of information, so that the feature map has rich deep semantic information and shallow location information at the same time, which significantly improves the robustness and detection accuracy of the model. The algorithm is trained and tested in Pascal VOC2007 dataset. The experimental results show that the mean average precision of the objects in the dataset is 73.87%. At the same time, compared with the mainstream faster RCNN and SSD detection models, the mean average precision of object detection algorithm based on DenseNet is improved by 5.63% and 3.86%, respectively.
Development and Validation of a Novel Model for Predicting the 5‐Year Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Patients with Hypertension: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Cai Xintian , Zhu Qing , Wu Ting , Zhu Bin , Aierken Xiayire , Ahmat Ayguzal , Li Nanfang
Published: September 2020

Background. Hypertension is now common in China. Patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes are prone to severe cardiovascular complications and poor prognosis. Therefore, this study is aimed at establishing an effective risk prediction model to provide early prediction of the risk of new‐onset diabetes for patients with a history of hypertension. Methods. A LASSO regression model was used to select potentially relevant features. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to determine independent predictors. Based on the results of multivariate analysis, a nomogram of the 5‐year incidence of T2D in patients with hypertension in mainland China was established. The discriminative capacity was assessed by Harrell’s C‐index, AUC value, calibration plot, and clinical utility. Results. After random sampling, 1273 and 415 patients with hypertension were included in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. The prediction model included age, body mass index, FPG, and TC as predictors. In the derivation cohort, the AUC value and C‐index of the prediction model are 0.878 (95% CI, 0.861‐0.895) and 0.862 (95% CI, 0.830‐0.894), respectively. In the validation cohort, the AUC value and C‐index of the prediction model were 0.855 (95% CI, 0.836‐0.874) and 0.841 (95% CI, 0.817‐0.865), respectively. The calibration plots demonstrated good agreement between the estimated probability and the actual observation. Decision curve analysis shows that nomograms are clinically useful. Conclusion. Our nomogram can be used as a simple, affordable, reasonable, and widely implemented tool to predict the 5‐year T2D risk of hypertension patients in mainland China. This application helps timely intervention to reduce the incidence of T2D in patients with hypertension in mainland China.
Nutritional Composition and Health Benefits of Teff (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter)
Authors: Gebru Yoseph Asmelash , Sbhatu Desta Berhe , Kim Kwang-Pyo
Published: September 2020

Teff (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) (Poaceae) is an annual crop with a very tiny grain. The crop is mainly cultivated in Ethiopia and Eritrea where it is used in preparing a pancake-like staple food called injera. Teff grain is the smallest of all whole flour grains in the world with a length of about 1.0 mm and a width of about 0.60 mm. The popularity of the crop is rapidly increasing throughout the world because of its attractive nutritional and functional properties. Thus, the crop is being successfully introduced and cultivated in many parts of the world including the USA, Canada, Australia, Switzerland, and the Netherlands. The growing global demand for the grain is due to its gluten-free nature, high level of essential amino acids (EAA), high mineral content, low glycemic index (GI), high crude fiber content, longer shelf life, and slow staling of its bread products compared to that of wheat, sorghum, rice, barley, and maize. The grain is linked to several health benefits including prevention and treatment of diseases such as celiac disease, diabetes, and anemia. These call for huge research opportunities to explore the nutritional and functional properties of the grain.
A Scheduling Problem to Minimize Total Weighted Tardiness in the Two-Stage Assembly Flowshop
Authors: Lee Ik Sun
Published: September 2020

This paper considers an assembly scheduling problem which minimizes the total weighted tardiness. The system consists of multiple manufacturing machines in the first stage and an assembly machine in the second stage. A job is composed of multiple components, each component is manufactured on a dedicated machine in the first stage, and the assembly starts on the assembly machine after the completion of all the components’ manufacturing in the first stage. This paper is to try to find effective and efficient schedules to minimize the total weighted tardiness of jobs. This paper analyzes some solution properties to improve search effectiveness and efficiency. Moreover, some lower-bound procedures are derived, and then four constructive heuristics and a branch-and-bound algorithm are suggested. The performances of the derived algorithms are evaluated through numerical experiments. For the problems with no more than 15 jobs, the branch-and-bound algorithm finds the optimal solutions within 20 minutes, and the performance of the four heuristics seems to be similar. However, for problems with more than 30 jobs, HWT shows the best performance among the four heuristics except for two machines.
Complexity of Functional Urban Spaces Evolution in Different Aspects: Based on Urban Land Use Conversion
Authors: Zhou Guolei , Li Chenggu , Liu Yanjun , Zhang Jing
Published: September 2020

The evolution of urban spatial structure and urban land use is a topical issue in urban studies. The analysis of the complexity of functional urban spaces evolution is valuable for a deeper understanding of the changes in urban spatial structure. Taking the central city of Changchun as the study area, the paper uses the urban land conversion method to analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of functional urban spaces evolution in different aspects. The study found that the evolution of functional urban spaces presents significant spatial and temporal differences in different stages and different aspects. There is a close relationship between functional urban spaces evolution and scale. As the scale becomes smaller, the spatial differences and patterns of functional urban spaces evolution become more complex. In the context of rapid urbanization, the mutual replacement of functional urban spaces is frequent, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of urban space as a whole. This study will deepen the understanding of the evolution of urban spatial structure and the complexity of urban systems and provide theoretical support for the optimization and sustainable development of urban spaces.
Imre Kertész e o desterro humano
Authors: Schiller Paulo
Published: September 2020

Vocês convidaram um tradutor e ganharam de contrabando um psicanalista.Obrigado pelo convite.Esse evento de hoje ressalta, cada vez mais, a importância de se trabalhar aliteratura de testemunho. Trata-se de uma literatura cujos representantes escasseiam, pois existem cada vez menos pessoas vivas daquele período. Esses escritores nos deixaram sua obra para que não fossem esquecidos e para que jamais deixássemos de elaborar novas reflexões a partir delas.
Por que os húngaros comemoram o dia 15 de Março?
Authors: Vizentin Marilena
Published: September 2020

A primeira metade do século XIX ficou marcada pelos ideais liberais epelos movimentos de renascimento nacional herdados da Revolução Francesa de 1789, tendo se espalhado rapidamente tanto pela Europa como pela América. Com o objetivo de conter esses ideais transformadores, as coroas russa, austríaca e prussiana reuniram-se em 1815 no Congresso de Viena e formaram uma espécie de coligação denominada Santa Aliança, cuja intenção era restaurar a ordem vigente anterior a 1789. Queriam, nesse sentido, restaurar o Antigo Regime, que por sua vez se caracterizava pelo absolutismo monárquico, pelo mercantilismo e pela interferência do Estado na economia. Nessa ocasião, comprometeram-se a auxiliar militarmente todas as monarquias que tivessem sua autoridade ameaçada de alguma forma. Esse projeto, todavia, não foi capaz de deter a onda revolucionária que tomaria conta da Europa em 1848.
Entrevista com Regina Przybycien: Debruçando-se sobre o mistério
Authors: Mello Bronislawa Altman
Published: September 2020

Polonês foi a língua da primeira infância da curitibana Regina Przybycien, nascida de pais poloneses. Dedicada, porém, ao aprendizado do português, ela o silenciou por anos a fio e só veio a estudá-lo com profundidade na maturidade, em um curso na Polônia. Foi então que Regina travou conhecimento com aquela que passaria a ser fonte de descobertas e companhia constante, a poeta polonesa Wislawa Szymborska. O encantamento foi tamanho que transbordou e ansiou ser compartilhado: quando Regina deu por si, já havia traduzido quarenta poemas da Nobel de Literatura, número que logo se ampliou para mais de cem, para nossa alegria. Generosa, culta, espirituosa, didática, Regina fala sobre seu começo na tradução e sobre as negociações indispensáveis entre as duas línguas que a constituem, para fazer com que os ‘versos crocantes e estaladiços’ da primeira ecoem na segunda, ainda que um tanto ‘adocicados e melódicos’ (como diria Elizabeth Bishop sobre a lingua portuguesa). Tudo isso e muito mais está na entrevista a seguir, dada entre os fins de março e o começo de abril deste ano de 2017.
Presença de literatura húngara traduzida no sistema literário brasileiro
Authors: Spiry Zsuzsanna
Published: September 2020

Uma das primeiras questões que surge durante a reflexão sobre a presençano sistema literário brasileiro de literatura húngara traduzida baseia-se na consideração que Antonio Candido faz quando determina as características de um sistema literário, que, entre outros fatores, está condicionado ao público leitor, mais precisamente à “existência de um conjunto de receptores, formando os diferentes tipos de público, sem os quais a obra não vive” [2007, p. 25]. Portanto, é necessário começar considerando a questão: no Brasil, a quem interessaria uma literatura húngara traduzida? Ou, em outras palavras, quem seria o público alvo desta literatura?
Apresentação
Authors: Spiry Zsuzsanna
Published: September 2020

O leitor pode estar se perguntando, mas qual é a relação entre literatura e história política? De que “outra Europa” está se falando aqui? No prefácio intitulado “Europa, pois é, Europa” que escreveu para o livro de Aleksandar Jovanović – um dos colaboradores desta revista – À Sombra do Quarto Crescente [Ed. Hutec, 1995], Nelson Ascher nos conta que se trata da parte do continente “submersa em tiranias, genocídio, ruínas, pobreza e barbárie”, uma imagem muito distante da aparente “ilha de tranquilidade próspera” com que a Europa era vista até um passado não muito distante.
Colaboradores
Authors: Editores Os
Published: September 2020

Biodata dos colaboradores deste número.
Antes do café da manhã
Authors: Souza Eduardo Freitas de
Published: September 2020

A Sra. Rowland acorda de manhã cedo e, com os nervos à flor da pele, já começa a beber e a reclamar da vida com Alfred, seu marido, que está no quarto ao lado e de quem só vemos a mão a uma certa altura e ouvimos um gemido. A Sra. Rowland mostra-nos sua perspectiva de seu casamento, da sua infelicidade e da sua desesperança.
Residência Criativa: tradução de poemas de Hilda Hilst na Casa do Sol
Authors: Julles Dinaura M.
Published: September 2020

Em uma residência criativa na Casa do Sol – Instituto Hilda Hilst, em Campinas – SP, foram traduzidos os dois primeiros livros do conjunto chamado “Do Desejo”: o primeiro, homônimo do conjunto, e o segundo, “Da noite”, constantes do livro publicado pela Editora Globo em 2001. São detalhadas algumas escolhas entre as possibilidades de vocabulário e os critérios que as nortearam, a opção pela manutenção da forma, considerando a ligação intrínseca entre os dois poemas. Por limitação de espaço, apenas a tradução de “Do Desejo” é apresentada nesta publicação. O fato de fazer a tradução na casa de Hilda Hilst, no ambiente em que ela vivia, entre os seus objetos preservados, exerceu influência significativa no resultado dos poemas traduzidos.
Nota do editor
Authors: K Abhay
Published: September 2020

No dia 10 de dezembro de 1950, Willian Faulkner iniciou seu discurso de aceitação do Prêmio Nobel com as seguintes palavras "Eu sinto que este prêmio não foi feito para mim como um homem, mas para meu trabalho - o trabalho de uma vida na agonia e suor do espírito humano, não para a glória e menos ainda para lucro..."
Agradecimentos
Authors: K. Abhay
Published: September 2020

Gostaria de agradecer Shelly Bhoil por me motivar a organizar a edição em português de 100 Great Indian Poems intitulada 100 Grandes Poemas da Índia, por ter se dedicado a reunir renomados tradutores nesse projeto e por ter arranjado, junto ao Departamento de Letras da Universidade de São Paulo, a publicação da 19ª edição do periódico Cadernos de Literatura em Tradução, sendo esta uma edição especial dedicada à poesia da Índia.
Espaço, Sujeito e existência
Authors: Chaveiro Eguimar Felício
Published: September 2020

Ao se indispor contra uma modalidade de pensar geográfico preso ao formalismo acadêmico e negar o sentido ornamental da literatura, propor-se-á uma análise de Goiânia, por meio da aglutinação entre Espaço, Sujeito e Existência. Objetiva-se demonstrar, por meio da interpretação de poemas, o modo pelo qual Goiânia, como uma metrópole regional radicada na Região Centro-Oeste, configura-se  como uma cidade dada à diferentes representações e à diferentes práticas sociais. O pressuposto central do trabalho baseia-se nisso: como filha objetiva do mundo, a literatura alicerça meios subjetivos de se pensar o espaço de maneira sutil e profunda. Sendo assim, cabe aos geógrafos que se ocupam em mediar leituras entre geografia e literatura, interessarem-se pelo adentramento ao mundo, não escapar-se dele.
Sonhos de Areia - Subindo a Serra - Escavando Rocha – Recolhendo Areia
Authors: Gratão Lúcia Helena Batista
Published: September 2020

O ensaio se destina a explorar o universo da arte pelo universo de sonhos materiais. Nesse universo surge o desejo de explorar a pintura solicitada pelos elementos à luz dos devaneios da matéria. Precisaria de uma motivação mais instigante para se aventurar por um universo tão sedutor no campo da geografia? Se o pintor realiza uma transmutação de matéria e encontra um elemento material fundamental para enraizar sua obra? Em devaneios numa ação obreira, procura-se na arte a criação que nós revivemos se tomarmos consciência da matéria inicial pisada, escavada, extraída pelas mãos que pintam. Arte primitiva sonhada em “telas” pela sensibilidade corpórea e alma poética. Esse é o enlevo de Sonhos de Areia!
MIGRATION AND SECURITIZATION: AN ASSESSMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF HUMAN SECURITY
Authors: ÇITAK Emre
Published: September 2020

Migration has become a popular subject in many fields such as international relations, political science, sociology, psychology, security studies, labor economics and public administration. As the number of immigrants in the world gradually increases, the saturation of immigrants in the receiving societies and the irregular and illegal dimension of the process comes to the forefront, the issue of migration has reached at the top of the agenda. Individual or mass mobility, seen as a natural process of humanity, has been subjected to politicization and then to securitization, especially in the late and immediately after the Cold War. Migrants, previously encouraged for the development of national economies, have been mentioned with various security problems and have been expressed as threats through discourse. Immigration, which has started to be seen as a process affecting individual, society, state, region and international security areas, has become an area where the state authorities have focused on as an important subject of discussion. While the national security concerns are more involved in the security-migration relationship, it is remarkable that the relationship between migration and individual security is less talked about. The security threats forcing individuals to migration, they face during the route, they confront in receiving countries and the problems expressed by individuals in the receiving communities should be addressed in this context. In this study, first of all, the securitization approach and the process of migration getting into the security field will be examined. Then, the relationship between migration and individual security will be considered within four headings. This study is thought to contribute to the field in terms of systematically dealing with the process of establishing the relationship between migration and security and revealing the ways in which individuals are affected from this process.