bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using image-based inspection data to improve response predictions of earthquake-damaged unreinforced masonry buildings
Authors: Haindl Mathias , Smith Ian F. C. , Beyer Katrin
Published: October 2024

Explicit representation of uncertainties is essential to improve the reliability of seismic assessments of earthquake-damaged buildings, particularly when dealing with unreinforced masonry buildings. Modern inspection techniques use images for detecting and quantifying the damage to a structure. Based on the principle of falsification, this paper evaluates how the use of information of damage that is obtained from images taken on earthquake-damaged buildings reduces the uncertainty when predicting the seismic response under a future earthquake. New model falsification criteria use information on the residual state of a building, such as shear cracks, residual roof displacements, and observation of out-of-plane failure. To demonstrate the effectiveness of these criteria in reducing the uncertainty in response predictions, results from a four-story unreinforced masonry building stiffened with reinforced concrete walls, which was experimentally tested under a sequence of ground motions, are assessed. Three commonly used modeling approaches (single degree of freedom (DOF) systems, multi DOF systems with four DOFs, and equivalent frame models) are used, where uncertainties in model parameters and model bias are included and propagated through the analysis. Out of the models used, and in the absence of any additional source of information, the proposed falsification criteria are most effective in connection with the equivalent frame model because this model can simulate the response at the element-level, while the simpler models can only represent the global response or the response at the storey-level. The results show that when using only the information on the presence of shear cracks, which might be the first and only source of information after an earthquake, the effectiveness of model falsification is increased, thus reducing the uncertainty in model parameter values and seismic response predictions through the use of image-based inspection.
Turbulent Heat Fluxes over Arctic Sea Ice: Measurements and Evaluation of Recent Parameterizations
Authors: Srivastava P. , Brooks I. M. , Prytherch J. , Salisbury D. J. , Renfrew I. A. , Elvidge A. D. , Yelland M. J.
Published: October 2024

We present direct eddy covariance measurements of the surface heat flux in sea ice over a wide range of conditions across the Arctic Ocean made during two research cruises. Photographic imagery of the surface around the ship provides a local, in situ estimate of the ice fraction. Aerodynamically rough conditions prevail for the majority of the time in the consolidated pack ice. The results are analyzed in the framework of a recently-developed parameterization scheme in which the exchange coefficients over ice are functions of a roughness Reynolds number, R*, hence account for aerodynamic roughness variability. This parameterization accurately represents the measured fluxes under all conditions, while under aerodynamically rough conditions the existing parameterizations from both the Met Office Unified Model, and ECMWF Integrated Forecast System overestimate the fluxes. The results corroborate those of a previous airborne study over the marginal ice zone, and encompass a wider range of atmospheric stability conditions.
Lymphoma in Sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review of the epidemiology, treatment challenges, and patient pathways
Authors: Baissa Obsie T. , Ben-Shushan Tomer , Paltiel Ora
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Improving cancer outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) requires effective implementation of evidence-based strategies. This scoping review maps the evidence on lymphoma epidemiology, treatment challenges, and patient pathways in SSA from 2011 to 2022.

Methods

A comprehensive three-step search was conducted without language restrictions.

Results

Eighty-four publications were included, 83% published after 2017. Southern and Eastern Africa led in output. Most studies were chart reviews (47.6%) and cohort studies (25%). NHL accounted for over 80% of cases, with an age-standardized rate (ASR) reaching 10.9/100,000, while HL had an ASR of 0.4–2.3/100,000. Compared to studies in Europe and US, SSA studies reported lower incidence rates, higher HIV comorbidity, and younger median ages. Diagnosis is often delayed, incomplete and lacks sub-classification with HIV and tuberculosis further complicating care. One-year survival rates are around 50% for NHL and over 75% for HL. Treatment is well-tolerated with an acceptable treatment-related mortality rate. However, outcomes are affected by diagnostic delays, late presentations, and treatment abandonment. Non-clinical aspects of care such as financial constraints negatively impact patient pathways.

Conclusion

Addressing diagnostic delays, misdiagnosis, and treatment abandonment is crucial. Strengthening care access, diagnostics, and integrating innovative strategies including a multidisciplinary approach and re-designing efficient clinical diagnostic pathways are vital.
The mitral to aortic/pulmonary velocity-time integral ratio is a simple, feasible and accurate discriminator for echocardiographic evaluation of severe isolated mitral regurgitation
Authors: Nerlekar Nitesh , Ramkumar Satish , Maggiore Paul , Teng Justin , Cimenkaya Cengiz , Be Kim Kuy , Baumann Angus , Nicholls Stephen J. , Moir Stuart
Published: October 2024

Echocardiographic quantification of mitral regurgitation (MR) remains challenging, requiring dedicated image acquisition, and is limited by potential error from geometric assumptions of annular dimensions. Volume is a product of area and flow and assuming proportional mitral/aortic areas, an increased mitral-inflow volume compared to LV/RV-outflow semi-quantitatively represents greater MR regurgitant volume. Therefore, we investigated the feasibility and diagnostic performance of the mitral-aortic velocity-time integral(VTI) ratio in isolated MR. We also investigated the use of the mitral-pulmonary VTI ratio as an alternative in clinical situations where the LV outflow tract(LVOT) VTI could not be used. We reviewed 166 consecutive patients (33%, n = 54 severe MR by multi-parameter integrated expert opinion). Pulsed wave Doppler VTI at the mitral leaflet tips and the left ventricular outflow and continuous-wave Doppler of the RV outflow tract were measured individually and independently by blinded readers(expert and trainee status) to derive the ratio. Receiver operator characteristic area under the curve(AUC) comparison was calculated and compared with effective regurgitant orifice area(EROA > 40 mm), regurgitant volume(RVol > 60mL), vena contracta(VC > 0.7 cm), E-velocity > 1.2 cm, systolic flow reversal(SFR), left atrial and ventricular dilatation. Increasing ratio was associated with severe MR(AUC 0.94) with optimal threshold defined at 1.3. This provided significant discrimination for severe MR(AUC 0.81) compared to EROA(0.68), VC(0.52), LV dilatation(0.69), LA dilatation(0.70), SFR(0.73), E-velocity(0.68) all p < 0.05, with sensitivity 82% and specificity 94%. The mitral-pulmonary VTI ratio demonstrated similar discrimination(AUC 0.92) with optimal threshold defined at 1.14. Excellent inter-observer reproducibility(intra-class correlation 0.97) was seen between trainee and expert readers. There was no difference in AUC comparison by MR mechanism or patient rhythm. The mitral-aortic and mitral-pulmonary VTI ratios are simple, geometric-free parameters feasibly reproducible from routine echocardiographic datasets and are excellent discriminative tools for severe MR. Readers should consider integration of this parameter in routine reporting.
Distinguishing hypertensive cardiomyopathy from cardiac amyloidosis in hypertensive patients with heart failure: a CMR study with histological confirmation
Authors: Gil Katarzyna Elzbieta , Truong Vien , Liu Chuanfen , Ibrahim Dalia Y. , Mikrut Katarzyna , Satoskar Anjali , Varghese Juliet , Kahwash Rami , Han Yuchi
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Differentiation of the cause of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is challenging in cases with co-existing hypertension. CMR offers assessment of diffuse myocardial abnormalities via T1 mapping with extracellular volume fraction (ECV) and macroscopic fibrosis via late gadolinium enhancement imaging (LGE). The goal of the study was to understand if CMR parameters can differentiate hypertensive cardiomyopathy (HC) from cardiac amyloidosis (CA) in patients with hypertension and heart failure, using endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) as the gold standard.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed patients with hypertension, LVH, and heart failure undergoing EMB due to uncertain diagnosis. CMR parameters including cine, LGE characteristics, T1 mapping, and ECV were analyzed.

Results

A total of 34 patients were included (mean age 66.5 ± 10.7 years, 79.4% male). The final EMB-based diagnosis was HC (10, 29%), light chain (AL) CA (7, 21%), and transthyretin (ATTR) CA (17, 50%). There was a significant difference in subendocardial LGE (p = 0.03) and number of AHA segments with subendocardial LGE (p = 0.005). The subendocardial LGE pattern was most common in AL-CA (85.7%) and African American with HC (80%). ECV elevation (≥ 29%) was present in all patients with CA (AL-CA: 57.6 ± 5.2%, ATTR-CA: 59.1 ± 15.3%) and HC (37.3 ± 4.5%).

Conclusions

Extensive subendocardial LGE pattern is not pathognomonic for CA but might also be present in African American patients with longstanding or poorly controlled HTN. The ECV elevation in HC with HF might be more significant than previously reported with an overlap of ECV values in HC and CA, particularly in younger African American patients.

Graphical Abstract
One pot gamma radiation mediated interfacial engineering of P-N synergistic flame retardant and antibacterial cellulose fabric: novel fabrics for future applications
Authors: Misra Nilanjal , Rawat Swarnima , Kanatt Sweetie R. , Shelkar Shubhangi A. , Tiwari Mahesh , Goel Narender Kumar , Kumar Virendra
Published: October 2024

The work describes an ionizing radiation mediated, toxic solvent free interfacial engineering of a novel Phosphorus-Nitrogen functionalized bifunctional cotton cellulose fabric (BCF) endowed with flame retardant (FR) and antibacterial properties. Monomers bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate (B2MEP) and [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (MAETC) in different proportions were co-grafted onto cellulose fabric via 60Co radiation mediated Simultaneous Irradiation Grafting Process (SIGP) to incorporate Phosphorus and Nitrogen functionalities. Effects of radiation dose, monomer concentration on the grafting yield (GY) were investigated and samples were characterized using TGA, ATR-FTIR, XRD, SEM–EDX, EDXRF, CHN Elemental Analysis and XPS analytical techniques. Limiting oxygen index (IS:13501/ASTM D 2863) and vertical flammability tests (IS11871-1986) were conducted to establish the halogen free, P-N synergistic FR properties of the fabric. All the co-grafted samples were observed to possess LOI values in excess of 30%, while BCF (1:2) (GY =  ~ 44%) demonstrated LOI of 32% with the least char length of 74 mm in the vertical flammability tests. Tear strength studies were carried out as per ASTMD 1424-09. Antibacterial assay revealed that the fabric possessed activity against both gram positive (S. aureus) and gram negative (E. coli) organisms, with BCF (1:4) (GY =  ~ 48%) demonstrating complete killing of ~ 5 log cycles for both microorganisms in 24 h. BCF retained its FR and antibacterial properties even after multiple washing cycles. With its bonafide green credentials, durability and unique properties, multifunctional BCF fabric prepared under optimized conditions of P/N ratio > 1.7 and GY ~ 45% can be a potential candidate for future applications.
Controlling the rheology of cellulose dissolved in 4–methylmorpholine N–oxide and tensile properties of precipitated cellulose films via mixture design
Authors: Ahokas Pauliina , Mäkelä Mikko , Jaiswal Aayush , Khakalo Alexey , Harlin Ali
Published: October 2024

Properties which control the mechanical performance of regenerated or precipitated cellulose films are currently not well-known and a mechanistic understanding of the underlying phenomena should be established. Solution rheology is a crucial property for casting films and spinning fibres in terms of process runnability, and it can have a considerable effect on the mechanical properties of the prepared cellulose products. We hypothesized that the viscosity of cellulose dissolved in 4-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) and the mechanical properties of precipitated cellulose films could potentially be improved by controlling the molecular weight distribution of cellulose pulp, taking inspiration from traditional plastic industry. We evaluated the effects of pulp blends on the viscoelastic properties of dissolved cellulose-NMMO dopes and used the dopes to prepare cellulose films and determined their mechanical properties. Lastly, we employed the determined dope and film characteristics to build linear regression models for predicting dope rheology and mechanical performance of films. Mixture films with 2:1 and 1:2 ratios of pulps with both medium and high degree of polymerization showed in average 36% and 46% higher toughness than their unimodal versions. The model results demonstrated that film performance could be tailored by changing the pulp composition. These findings play an important role in optimizing the future processability of dissolved cellulose dopes for producing bio-based cellulose materials and could bring us a step closer to traditional plastic polymer disciplines by tailoring their performance based on pulp properties.

Graphic abstract
Effect of eucalyptus globulus pulp properties on fock reactivity
Authors: Cunha André E. P. , Simões Rogério M. S.
Published: October 2024

Dissolving-grade pulps serve as the primary material for producing regenerated cellulose fibers, and their utilization is steadily increasing. Despite extensive research efforts, it remains necessary to deepen our understanding of the inherent factors that impact pulp reactivity apart from the well-known degree of polymerization. The Fock reactivity test is commonly used to quantify the reactivity of cellulose pulp by measuring the percentage of cellulose that reacts with carbon disulfide. Dissolving pulps typically require a reactivity of over 90%. Hemicellulose content, intrinsic viscosity, cell wall porosity, crystallinity, and accessible area of four different pulps were characterized and distinct treatments were employed to try to separate the effect of different pulp properties and assess their effect on Fock reactivity. Hemicelluloses removal by xylanase and cold caustic treatments (86% removal) increased the Fock reactivity by 30%, from 55.7% to 71.3%. Assuming the hemicelluloses are fully accessible by the CS2, cellulose reactivity increased from 35.6% to 69.5%,but at the expense of an intrinsic viscosity decrease from 990 cm3/g to 689 cm3/g. This unexpected intrinsic viscosity decrease can be due to the cellulose de-shielding effect provoked by hemicellulose removal and some cellulose degradation during cold caustic extraction. Vibrational impact ball-milling applied on a pulp with 5% hemicellulose content notably boosted Fock reactivity by 56%, from 54% to 84.5%, but two pulp properties, intrinsic viscosity, and crystallinity, decreased concurrently due to the high-energy treatment. This phenomenon complicates identifying a direct correlation between heightened reactivity and a single parameter. To address this, endoglucanase treatment was used to separate intrinsic viscosity from crystallinity, clarifying their contributions to changes in Fock reactivity. Unfortunately, the effect of a given physical or bio/chemical pulp treatment affects more than one pulp property, always including the cellulose degree of polymerization, which has made it difficult to isolate the pulp properties that affect Fock reactivity. Several processes have been tested to obtain pulp with dissolving potential.
Viruses and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegeneration and Cognition: An Evolutionary Perspective
Authors: Stefano George B. , Weissenberger Simon , Ptacek Radek , Anders Martin , Raboch Jiri , Büttiker Pascal
Published: October 2024

Mitochondria, the cellular powerhouses with bacterial evolutionary origins, play a pivotal role in maintaining neuronal function and cognitive health. Several viruses have developed sophisticated mechanisms to target and disrupt mitochondrial function which contribute to cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. The interplay between viruses and mitochondria might be traced to their co-evolutionary history with bacteria and may reflect ancient interactions that have shaped modern mitochondrial biology.
Peer Support Workers in Mental Health Services: A Qualitative Exploration of Emotional Burden, Moral Distress and Strategies to Reduce the Risk of Mental Health Crisis
Authors: Klingemann Justyna , Sienkiewicz-Jarosz Halina , Molenda Bartłomiej , Świtaj Piotr
Published: October 2024

This research aimed to explore the experience of emotional burden among peer support workers (PSWs) in mental health care in Poland. It also examined the issue of moral distress in relation to this professional group and identified institutional sources of support for the well-being of PSWs in the workplace. The data presented in the article are derived from fourteen qualitative in-depth individual interviews with PSWs employed in four mental health centres with different organisational structures. The narratives of PSWs revealed several experiences that could be considered to be moral distress. The inability to assist patients was found to be associated with both individual and institutional barriers. Furthermore, our findings suggest that organisations can implement a number of specific practices to ensure the wellbeing of PSWs, which dissemination would be beneficial to teams employing PSWs.
Simpler Representational Ground
Authors: De Rizzo Julio
Published: October 2024

A common way of clarifying the notion of ground is by way of examples from logic: thus a conjunction is grounded in both of its conjuncts; a disjunction in each of its true disjuncts; a double negation in its negatum; and so on. Developing a semantics that accommodates these logical examples in full generality turned out to be a difficult task. In this paper, I develop a novel approach that substitutes fusion for a more discerning relation of combination between states in the framework of truth-maker semantics.
Exploring the Association between Parenting Stress and a Child’s Exposure to Positive Childhood Experiences (PCEs)
Authors: Crouch Elizabeth , Radcliff Elizabeth , Brown Monique J. , Hung Peiyin
Published: October 2024

High levels of parenting stress, defined as a caregiver or parent feeling stress or aggravation from parenting, has been previously shown to be associated with an increased likelihood of neglect, child maltreatment, and household dysfunction: adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Despite the potential mitigation of positive childhood experiences (PCEs) on ACEs, prior studies on the increased likelihood of a child experiencing ACEs due to parenting stress have left a critical question unanswered: whether high parenting stress may decrease a child’s likelihood of experiencing PCEs. We analyzed the 2019–2020 National Survey of Children’s Health to examine whether higher levels of parenting stress are associated with the lower likelihood of experiencing PCEs among children. Children with caregivers experiencing high parenting stress had a lower odds of experiencing many types of PCEs, including after school activities (aOR 0.48; 95% CI 0.38–0.57), community volunteer (aOR 0.63; 95% CI 0.52–0.77), and guiding mentor (aOR 0.65; 95% CI 0.50–0.85). Lowering parenting stress through economic supports and parenting programs/interventions could increase the likelihood that a child experiences PCEs.
Young Children’s Mental Well-Being in Low-Income South African Settings: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Draper Catherine E. , Cook Caylee J. , Ankrah Elizabeth A. , Beltran Jesus A. , Cibrian Franceli L. , Johnson Jazette , Lakes Kimberley D. , Mofid Hanna , Williams Lucretia , Hayes Gillian R.
Published: October 2024

This qualitative study aimed to capture community perspectives of the risks and protective factors for social emotional development and mental health of young children in low-income South Africa settings, and was conducted as one component of a larger study with the ultimate aim of co-designing the Mazi Umntanakho (‘know your child’) digital tool. Twenty focus group discussions (n = 154, 97% female) were held with staff of community-based organisations (CBOs) and community health worker (CHW) programmes in urban and rural sites from four geographical regions. Data were analysed thematically, and grouped according to components of nurturing care (responsive caregiving, safety and security, good health, adequate nutrition, opportunities for early learning) and risk and protective factors. Risks reported by participants far outweighed protective factors, and the most dominant theme identified was risks associated with responsive caregiving from CBO and CHW perspectives. These related to participants’ perceptions of caregivers’ attitudes, knowledge, beliefs, behaviours, and challenges not conducive to the provision of responsive caregiving. The most commonly perceived risks to safety and security were substance abuse, along with economic challenges, neglect, abuse and violence. Basic needs not being met was reported as the main risk to adequate nutrition and good health, followed by insufficient services. Limited resources and caregivers’ limited education and literacy were perceived to be risks to early learning. These findings highlight the urgent need to mitigate risks and amplify protective factors for the social emotional development and mental health of young children in South Africa. It is critical that these are considered within the contextual realities of low-income communities.
Synthesis of crystalline uranyl ion coordination polymers with zwitterionic carboxylate ligands: comparing solvothermal and ambient conditions
Authors: Kusumoto Sotaro , Koide Yoshihiro , Hayami Shinya , Kim Yang , Harrowfield Jack , Thuéry Pierre
Published: October 2024

Two neutral, dizwitterionic dicarboxylates,N,N,Nʹ,Nʹ-tetramethylethane-1,2-diammonioacetate (L1) and biphenyl-4,4ʹ-diyl-bis(4-carboxylatopyridiniomethylene) (L2), have been used as ligands in syntheses of uranyl ion complexes which exemplify the effect of different reaction conditions. [UO2(L1)Cl2]·H2O (1) has been crystallized at room temperature and is a simple monoperiodic coordination polymer. In contrast, [(UO2)4(O)2(OH)2(C2O4)(L1)2]·4H2O (2), obtained under solvo-hydrothermal conditions, contains a tetranuclear, bis(µ3-oxido)-bridged cluster resulting from uranyl hydrolysis, and additional oxalate coligands most likely due to oxidative degradation of L1, and it crystallizes as a diperiodic coordination polymer with tetranuclear nodes and thesqltopology. The same arrangement is found in [(UO2)4(O)2(OH)2(L2)3](I3)2·6H2O (3), also synthesized under solvo-hydrothermal conditions, but here the more oxidation-resistant ligand does not generate oxalate, and replacement of the latter by neutral L2 bridges makes this complex cationic. The very large cells of the network in3(~ 22 Å × 39 Å) accommodate the triiodide anions formed in situ.
Inequality perception and preferences globally and locally - correlational evidence from a large-scale cross-country survey
Authors: Gáspár Attila , Cervone Carmen , Durante Federica , Maass Anne , Suitner Caterina , Valtorta Roberta Rosa , Vezzoli Michela
Published: October 2024

Using a large, representative survey involving 31 countries, we establish stylized facts about the attitudes toward cross-country economic inequality and their correlates. This question has been surprisingly understudied for a topic so important to our globalized $$21^{st}$$

21

st

century. We present a simple and intuitive theoretical framework for thinking about cross-country inequalities. Then, we show that people’s perceived and desired levels of domestic inequality and their assessment of their relative socio-economic status closely correlate with how they think about cross-country economic differences. The objective socio-economic status of the individual matters less. Though the impact of country-level variables is less pronounced than individual characteristics, concern about cross-country economic inequality is stronger in more affluent countries and countries with lower income inequality. Our findings illustrate that attitudes toward international economic inequality are intrinsically linked to within-country characteristics, especially to attitudes toward domestic economic inequality.
Meaning of Work Participation After Spinal Cord Injury in Bangladesh: A Qualitative Study in a Low- and Middle-Income Country Context
Authors: Ullah Mohammad Mosayed , Fossey Ellie , Stuckey Rwth
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to explore the meaning of work participation for people with spinal cord injury (SCI) in Bangladesh.

Methods

Narrative inquiry methodological framework was used to explore the meaning of work participation after SCI. Face-to-face interviews with twenty adults with SCI, who were either living in the community or in-patients at a rehabilitation center. The Worker Role Interview questionnaire was used as an interview guide. Participants were descriptively analyzed in two groups, rehabilitation participants and community participants. Their transcripts were analyzed using individual narrative analysis to understand the meaning of their experience at an individual level and then the findings from the individual narrative analyses were summarized using thematic analysis to identify themes that collectively represented the meaning of work after SCI in Bangladesh.

Result

Five themes were identified from the interviews: “work life before injury”; “current life in relation to work”; “framing future prospects of work participation”; “motives for working”; and “enablers of work participation.”

Conclusion

The meaning of work is subjective and is influenced by the participants’ pre-existing experiences and other factors related to their work life, such as work preferences, habits, and daily routines. Therefore, creating opportunities to better understand the meaning of work for each individual and incorporating these factors into rehabilitation are keys to sustainable rehabilitation outcomes.
Ergodic theory of diagonal orthogonal covariant quantum channels
Authors: Singh Satvik , Datta Nilanjana , Nechita Ion
Published: October 2024

We analyse the ergodic properties of quantum channels that are covariant with respect to diagonal orthogonal transformations. We prove that the ergodic behaviour of a channel in this class is essentially governed by a classical stochastic matrix. This allows us to exploit tools from classical ergodic theory to study quantum ergodicity of such channels. As an application of our analysis, we study dual unitary brickwork circuits which have recently been proposed as minimal models of quantum chaos in many-body systems. Upon imposing a local diagonal orthogonal invariance symmetry on these circuits, the long-term behaviour of spatio-temporal correlations between local observables in such circuits is completely determined by the ergodic properties of a channel that is covariant under diagonal orthogonal transformations. We utilize this fact to show that such symmetric dual unitary circuits exhibit a rich variety of ergodic behaviours, thus emphasizing their importance.
Assessing rainfall threshold for shallow landslides triggering: a case study in the Alpes Maritimes region, France
Authors: Barthélemy Sophie , Bernardie Séverine , Grandjean Gilles
Published: October 2024

In this work, we use a statistical approach for modeling shallow landslide rainfall thresholds (Caine 1980) with a case study for the Alpes-Maritimes region (France). Cumulated rainfall / duration (ED) thresholds are obtained with the CTRL-T algorithm (Melillo and al. 2018) for different non-exceedance probabilities from a landslide and two climatic datasets. This tool allows to automatically define rainfall events that might trigger landslides, ensuring robustness and objectivity in this process. The first climate dataset stores high resolution gridded rainfall data (1km resolution, hourly), which provides rainfall data with high temporal and spatial accuracy. This dataset, coming from radar data, is calibrated with rainfall gauges, ensuring a higher accuracy of the rainfall measurements. It provides the rainfall records directly used in the threshold construction The second dataset contains lower resolution gridded rainfall, snow, temperature, and evapotranspiration data (8km resolution, daily); it enables to assess the region’s climate through parameters imported in CTRL-T. The thresholds are then validated using a method designed by Gariano and et al. (2015). Several improvements are made to the initial method. First, evapotranspiration values approximated in the process are replaced by values from the second climate dataset, the result accounting best for the regional climate. Then, computing duration values used for isolating events and sub-events for each mesh point allows to consider the heterogeneity of the Alpes-Maritimes climate. Rainfall thresholds are eventually obtained, successively from a set of probable conditions (MRC) and a set of highly probable conditions (MPRC). The validation process strengthens the analysis as well as enables to identify best performing thresholds. This work represents novel scientific progress towards landslide reliable warning systems by (a) making a case study of empirical rainfall thresholds for Alpes-Maritimes, (b) using high-resolution rainfall data and (c) adapting the method to climatically heterogeneous zones.
Impact of rehabilitation with dental implants on the quality of life of patients undergoing maxillofacial reconstruction: a systematic review
Authors: Azher Simra , McGrath Roisin , Kamalabadi Yasaman Mohammadi , Tsakos Georgios , Sim Felix , Singh Ankur
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Maxillofacial reconstruction with dental implants in microvascular tissue flaps aims to improve mastication. However, the quality of life (QoL) impact of this intervention is yet to be determined. This systematic review assessed the QoL impact of maxillofacial reconstruction with implant-supported teeth compared to no dental rehabilitation, removable dentures, and obturator (modified denture). Additionally, we examined instruments applied to measure QoL in maxillofacial reconstruction.

Methods

Databases Ovid Medline and Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and Handle on QoL were searched. Cohort, case–control and randomized controlled trials (RCT) were narratively synthesized for QoL captured through validated instruments. Study methodological quality was assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 and Risk of Bias in Non-randomized studies of Exposure. Instruments underwent COSMIN content validity analysis.

Results

Of a total of 2735 studies screened, the three included studies (two cohort and one RCT) showed improved QoL with maxillofacial reconstruction compared to obturator and no dental rehabilitation. However, these studies have high risk of bias due to confounding. None of the instruments achieved a sufficient relevance rating for maxillofacial reconstruction, having been designed for other target populations and there is no evidence on their content validity for this population, but the EORTC QLQ30 H&N35 satisfied more COSMIN criteria than the UW-QOL and OHIP-14.

Conclusion

Although studies showed favourable QoL with maxillofacial reconstruction involving dental implants, these have high risk of bias and further studies are needed to establish the impact. Existing QoL instruments lack content validity and tailored instruments are needed for QoL evaluation in maxillofacial reconstruction.
Inequality and risk preference
Authors: Pickard Harry , Dohmen Thomas , Van Landeghem Bert
Published: October 2024

This paper studies the relationship between income inequality and risk taking. Increased income inequality is likely to enlarge the scope for upward comparisons and, in the presence of reference-dependent preferences, to increase willingness to take risks. Using a globally representative data set on risk preference in 76 countries, we empirically document that the distribution of income in a country has a positive and significant link with the preference for risk. This relationship is remarkably precise and holds across countries and individuals, as well as alternate measures of inequality. We find evidence of a steeper gradient between willingness to take risks and inequality for cognitively more able individuals who likely have a better assessment of inequality and for those who are dissatisfied with their income. We present results in favour of our mechanism, which suggests that falling behind one’s reference group increases the appetite for risk taking.
The Harmful Consequences of Cryptocurrency Speculation and Associated Risk Factors
Authors: Mosbey Amy , Delfabbro Paul , King Daniel
Published: October 2024

This correlational study examines the most prevalent forms of harm associated with cryptocurrency speculation and the extent to which these are related to known risk factors including the fear-of-missing out (FOMO), impulsivity and problem gambling. A total of 487 crypto investors recruited from an online panel completed measures of crypto engagement, impulsivity, FOMO, problem gambling and the types of harm experienced that could be at least moderately be attributed to cryptocurrency. Individual-difference predictors of general participation were only weak predictors of the level of engagement in cryptocurrency. However, problem gambling scores (PGSI) and FOMO scores were reliable predictors of the level of harm reported, with the strongest model obtained for financial harm. The findings suggest the need to screen for speculative trading in gambling studies and that resistance to FOMO is an important element that would need to be targeted in clinical interventions for people experiencing harm.
Medical Media in Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology: Strategies for Effective Use by Consumers, Contributors, and Creators
Authors: Hajjat Temara , Tran Paul
Published: October 2024

Purpose of the Review

This review article explores the role of medical media in gastroenterology and hepatology, highlighting its benefits for enhancing clinical practice, education, and patient engagement. It also provides practical guidance for gastroenterologists and hepatologists on effectively implementing these tools in their daily practice.

Recent Findings

Recent findings highlight that medical media significantly boosts citation rates and dissemination of research, enhances promotional efforts, and fosters greater engagement from patients and trainees. These advances underscore the growing role of medical media in amplifying academic impact and improving educational outreach in gastroenterology and hepatology.

Integrating medical media into pediatric gastroenterology and hepatology offers numerous benefits, from enhanced education and professional development to improved patient engagement. By understanding the roles of contributor, creator, and consumer and leveraging the right platforms and content types, pediatric gastroenterologists and hepatologists can effectively utilize medical media to advance their field and provide better care.
Influence of Microenvironmental Orchestration on Multicellular Lung Alveolar Organoid Development from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Ozan Vedat Burak , Wang Huijuan , Akshay Akshay , Anand Deepika , Hibaoui Youssef , Feki Anis , Gote-Schniering Janine , Gheinani Ali Hashemi , Heller Manfred , Uldry Anne-Christine , Lagache Sophie Braga , Gazdhar Amiq , Geiser Thomas
Published: October 2024

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have emerged as promising in vitro tools, providing a robust system for disease modelling and facilitating drug screening. Human iPSCs have been successfully differentiated into lung cells and three-dimensional lung spheroids or organoids. The lung is a multicellular complex organ that develops under the symphonic influence of the microenvironment. Here, we hypothesize that the generation of lung organoids in a controlled microenvironment (cmO) (oxygen and pressure) yields multicellular organoids with architectural complexity resembling the lung alveoli. iPSCs were differentiated into mature lung organoids following a stepwise protocol in an oxygen and pressure-controlled microenvironment. The organoids developed in the controlled microenvironment displayed complex alveolar architecture and stained for SFTPC, PDPN, and KRT5, indicating the presence of alveolar epithelial type II and type I cells, as well as basal cells. Moreover, gene and protein expression levels were also increased in the cmO. Furthermore, pathway analysis of proteomics revealed upregulation of lung development-specific pathways in the cmO compared to those growing in normal culture conditions. In summary, by using a controlled microenvironment, we established a complex multicellular lung organoid derived from iPSCs as a novel cellular model to study lung alveolar biology in both lung health and disease.

Graphical Abstract
Außerschulische Bildungsförderung im Kontext eines Fußballvereins
Authors: Krüger Heinz-Hermann
Published: October 2024

In der Fußball- und Bildungslandschaft in Deutschland stellt eine von einem Profifußballverein initiierte langfristige außerschulische Bildungsförderung für Jugendliche aus ressourcenarmen Lebenslagen eher die Ausnahme dar. In diesem Beitrag wird zunächst der Frage nachgegangen, welche verschiedenen Ansätze von Sozialer Arbeit und Bildungsförderung im Kontext von Fußballvereinen sich seit den 1970er-Jahren herausgebildet haben. Anschließend werden wichtige Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Studie vorgestellt, in der die institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen und Kooperationsbeziehungen sowie die biografischen Folgewirkungen eines Modellprojektes zur Bildungsförderung untersucht wurden. Das Projekt ist im Umfeld des Traditionsvereins Rot-Weiss-Essen angesiedelt. Aufgezeigt werden die schwierigen Kooperationsbeziehungen zwischen außerschulischen und schulischen Pädagog_innen und die doch insgesamt recht erfolgreichen Bildungskarrieren der beteiligten Jugendlichen.
The Nature of Worry(ing)
Authors: Armitage Ed
Published: October 2024

We all find ourselves worrying at one point or another, and we have an intuitive sense of what is communicated by phrases such as ‘I’m worried about this’ or ‘I can’t stop worrying about that’. Despite worry’s ubiquity, however, it is not altogether clear what exactly worrying is, or why it is we worry. And, surprisingly, there has been no dedicated philosophical account given of the nature of worry specifically, although there is a body of psychological literature concerned with it as well as a recent insurgence of philosophical literature concerned with the nature of anxiety. My aim in this paper, therefore, is to provide such an account. I here provide an account of the nature of worry.

On the view I develop, worry is to be understood as a form of affectively motivated cognition. More specifically, I argue that worrying is a cognitive activity constituted by our engagement with forms of practical or epistemic reasoning, supplemented by imaginative engagement and motivated by anxiety. I develop this view primarily by marrying together considerations from the psychological literature on worry and the philosophical literature on anxiety. With this characterization in place, I then go on to make some novel claims about why exactly it is that we worry. The upshot should be an account of worry that addresses the questions of what it is and why we do it.
Effect of dietary fenugreek seeds on the antioxidant status of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.)
Authors: Jiménez-Monreal Antonia M. , Guardiola Francisco A. , Antonia Murcia M. , Ceballos-Francisco Diana , Esteban M. Ángeles , Martínez-Tomé Magdalena
Published: October 2024

The goal of this work was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with fenugreek seeds on the oxidative status of gilthead seabream. Fish were fed four different diets for 8 weeks: three groups of fish were fed diets containing 1%, 5% or 10% (w/w) fenugreek seeds, while the control group was fed a diet without fenugreek. At the end of the experiment, the expression gene of the main antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase) was measured in the fish liver. Supplementation with fenugreek seeds at 10% significantly increased the growth of fish while different effects on gene expression were detected. An increase in H2O2 and OH⋅ scavenging ability and oxidative stability was observed in fish fed fenugreek-supplemented diets. In the present study, an 8-week supplementation of the diet of gilthead seabream specimens with fenugreek seeds resulted in an improvement of fish growth and antioxidant status (ROS scavenging, catalase and oil oxidative stability). These results afford a new perspective on the use of spices with medicinal properties as a supplement in fish feed in order to improve their growth and antioxidant status.
Understanding school discipline and exclusion in Australia: key issues
Authors: Rudolph Sophie , Isbester Stephanie , Payne Ameena L. , Delany Tim
Published: October 2024

Exclusionary school discipline is an emerging field of research in Australia, whereas it is more established in contexts such as the United States and United Kingdom. In this article we, therefore, seek to understand how exclusionary school discipline has been examined by Australian education researchers working across a range of disciplines. We conducted a critical literature review, analysing research directly and indirectly investigating school discipline and exclusion and (1) disability; (2) racialisation; (3) teacher safety and relationships with students; and 4) non-punitive responses to ‘student disruption’. The insights from this body of research demonstrate the need for further research that seeks to understand exclusionary school discipline within longer histories of settler colonialism and influenced by structural factors such as racism and ableism. Further, there are opportunities for research that engages the collective capacity of schools and communities in imagining radically different approaches to school and inclusion, that transform injustices and build solidarities.
Antibiotic prescription, dispensing and use in humans and livestock in East Africa: does morality have a role to play?
Authors: Mutua Edna , Davis A. , Laurie E. , Lembo T. , Melubo M. , Mnzava K. , Msoka E. , Nasua F. , Ndibohoye T. , Zadoks R. , Mmbaga B. , Mshana S.
Published: October 2024

Background

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat to human and livestock health. Although AMR is driven by use of antimicrobials, it is often attributed to “misuse” and “overuse”, particularly for antibiotics. To curb resistance, there has been a global call to embrace new forms of moral personhood that practice “proper” use, including prescription, dispensing and consumption of antimicrobials, especially antibiotics. This paper seeks to reflect on complex questions about how morality has become embedded /embodied in the AMR discourse as presented in the data collected on antimicrobial prescription, dispensing and use in human and livestock health in Tanzania, primarily focusing on antibiotics.

Methods

This reflection is anchored on Jarrett Zigon’s morality framework that is comprised of three dimensions of discourse; the institutional, public, and embodied dispositions. The data we use within this framework are derived from a qualitative study targeting human and animal health care service providers and community members in northern Tanzania. Data were collected through 28 in-depth interviews and ten focus group discussions and analysed through content analysis after translation and transcription. In addition, a review of the Tanzania’s National Action Plans on antimicrobial resistance was conducted.

Results

Application of the framework demonstrates points of convergence and divergence in the institutional morality discourse articulated by the Tanzania National Action Plans, the public discourse and the embodied dispositions/ lived experiences of human and animal health care service providers and community members. We demonstrate that AMR is not just associated with “inappropriate” behaviour on the part of drug prescribers, dispensers, and users but also with shortcomings in health systems and service delivery.

Conclusion

Antibiotic dispensing and use practices that may be associated with the development of AMR should not be viewed in isolation from the broader health context within which they occur.
Exploring Interprofessional and Self-Compassion Competencies for Applied Behavior Analysis Professionals: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Friedman Zahava L. , El-Roy Daphna
Published: October 2024

Interprofessional collaboration, or effective, emotionally responsive teaming between professionals, consists of several skill sets including strong communication skills, compassion and shared knowledge, and can enhance client goal attainment. The field of applied behavior analysis has recently focused on improving capacities of interprofessional collaboration and compassion among its professional workforce. Few studies have reported on perceptions of behavior analytic professionals vis a vis these skill sets in clinical settings. The purpose of this study was to describe participant perceptions of interprofessional collaboration and compassion in the context of applied behavior analytic practice. Following IRB approval, a total of 24 applied behavior analysis practitioner participants were recruited in two cohorts, all of whom participated in a 4-month long training-and-coaching intervention on interprofessional, compassion and self-compassion competencies. Qualitative data consisted of 13 recorded transcripts, including a needs-assessment focus group, as well as each training and coaching session, collected to gain understanding in how participants perceived these competencies. Transcripts were independently coded and analyzed via multistep reflexive thematic analysis by a pair of researchers. Ongoing qualitative analysis yielded the following themes: Historical Perspectives: How We Got Here, More Compassionate to Others Than to Self, Old me versus New me. This study revealed perceptions of barriers and supports embedded systemically in behavior analytic training and culture, affecting development of a collaborative and compassionate behavior analytic workforce. This work highlights the importance of qualitative methodology to enhance research in emerging practice areas through analysis of lived experiences.