bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of serum levels of antibodies against ALDOA and FH4 with transient ischemic attack and cerebral infarction
Authors: Wang Hao , Lu Hao , Zhang Xiao-Meng , Goto Ken-ichiro , Kobayashi Eiichi , Yoshida Yoichi , Adachi Akihiko , Matsutani Tomoo , Iwadate Yasuo , Mine Seiichiro , Machida Toshio , Sata Mizuki , Yamagishi Kazumasa , Iso Hiroyasu , Sawada Norie , Tsugane Shoichiro , Kamitsukasa Ikuo , Wada Takeshi , Aotsuka Akiyo , Sugimoto Kazuo , Takizawa Hirotaka , Kashiwado Koichi , Shin Hideo , Tomiyoshi Go , Nakamura Rika , Shinmen Natsuko , Kuroda Hideyuki , Xu Anding , Hiwasa Takaki
Published: July 2021

Background

Ischemic stroke, including transient ischemic attack (TIA) and acute-phase cerebral infarction (aCI), is a serious health problem in the aging society. Thus, this study aimed to identify TIA and aCI biomarkers.

Methods

In 19 patients with TIA, candidate antigens recognized by serum IgG autoantibodies were screened using a human aortic endothelial cell cDNA library. Through amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay-linked immunosorbent assay (AlphaLISA), serum antibody levels against the candidate antigens were examined in healthy donor (HD), TIA, and aCI cohorts (n = 285, 92, and 529). The plasma antibody levels in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Cohort Study (1991–1993) were also examined.

Results

The candidate antigens were aldolase A (ALDOA) and fumarate hydratase (FH). In AlphaLISA, patients with TIA or aCI had higher anti-ALDOA antibody (ALDOA-Ab) and anti-FH antibody (FH-Ab) levels than the HDs (P < 0.05). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, the ALDOA-Ab (odds ratio [OR]: 2.46, P = 0.0050) and FH-Ab (OR: 2.49, P = 0.0037) levels were independent predictors of TIA. According to the case–control study, the ALDOA-Ab (OR: 2.50, P < 0.01) and FH-Ab (OR: 2.60, P < 0.01) levels were associated with aCI risk. In a correlation analysis, both ALDOA-Abs and FH-Abs were well associated with hypertension, coronary heart disease, and habitual smoking. These antibody levels also correlated well with maximum intima–media thickness, which reflects atherosclerotic stenosis.

Conclusions

ALDOA-Abs and FH-Abs can be novel potential biomarkers for predicting atherosclerotic TIA and aCI.
Surgery alone, adjuvant tegafur/gimeracil/octeracil (S-1), or platinum-based chemotherapies for resectable gastric cancer: real-world experience and a propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Yen Chih-Chieh , Shan Yan-Shen , Chao Ying-Jui , Liao Ting-Kai , Chen I-Shu , Huang Hsuan-Yi , Liu I-Ting , Yen Chia-Jui
Published: July 2021

Background

Adjuvant chemotherapy has changed the paradigm in resectable gastric cancer. S-1 is an oral chemotherapeutic with promising efficacy in Asia. However, comparisons with close observation or platinum-based doublets post D2 gastrectomy have been less reported, notably on real-world experiences.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated patients with D2-dissected stage IB-III gastric cancer who received S-1 (S-1, n = 67), platinum-based doublets (P, n = 145) and surgery with close observation (OBS, n = 221) from Jan 2008 to Oct 2018. A propensity score matching was used to compare for recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survivals (OS) in patients who had a locally-advanced disease (T3–4 or lymph node-positive). Adverse reactions, dosage, and associated factors for S-1 are also discussed.

Results

In a median follow-up time of 51.9 months, adjuvant S-1 monotherapy was associated with an intermediate survival as compared with P and OBS (median RFS/OS: S-1 vs. P, 20.9/35.8 vs. 31.2/50.5 months, HR = 1.76/2.14, p = 0.021/0.008; S-1 vs. OBS, 24.4/40.2 vs. 20.7/27.0 months, HR = 0.62/0.55, p = 0.041/0.024). The survival differences were more prominent in patients with N2–3 diseases. S-1 was well-tolerated with a relative dose intensity of 73.6%, a median duration of 8.3 months and associated with less adverse reactions as compared with P. S-1 monotherapy was selected by physicians based on age, lymph node stage, serum carcinoembryonic antigen and disease stage.

Conclusions

Adjuvant S-1 correlated with intermediate survival outcomes between OBS and P but conferred fewer adverse reactions as compared with P. Patients with a moderate risk of recurrence had comparable survivals when treated with S-1 while platinum-based doublets were favored in advanced cases. The study provides additional information about adjuvant S-1 in patients with selected risk of recurrence.
Eyes of Africa: The Genetics of Blindness: Study Design and Methodology
Authors: Olawoye Olusola , Chuka-Okosa Chimdi , Akpa Onoja , Realini Tony , Hauser Michael , Ashaye Adeyinka
Published: July 2021

Background

This report describes the design and methodology of the “Eyes of Africa: The Genetics of Blindness,” a collaborative study funded through the Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) program of the National Institute of Health.

Methods

This is a case control study that is collecting a large well phenotyped data set among glaucoma patients and controls for a genome wide association study. (GWAS). Multiplex families segregating Mendelian forms of early-onset glaucoma will also be collected for exome sequencing.

Discussion

A total of 4500 cases/controls have been recruited into the study at the end of the 3rd funded year of the study. All these participants have been appropriately phenotyped and blood samples have been received from these participants. Recent GWAS of POAG in African individuals demonstrated genome-wide significant association with the APBB2 locus which is an association that is unique to individuals of African ancestry. This study will add to the existing knowledge and understanding of POAG in the African population.
Minority stress, depression, and cigarette smoking among Chinese gay versus bisexual men: a two-group structural equation model analyses
Authors: Li Jingjing , Huang Danqin , Windle Michael , Escoffery Cam , Wang Wei , Li Xiaoyan , Tao Kevin , Haardörfer Regine , Li Shiyue , Berg Carla J. , Yan Hong
Published: July 2021

Background

Literature in the West suggested that bisexual men have a higher smoking rate compared to gay men. Data on patterns of smoking among gay and bisexual men are limited in Eastern Asian countries like China. This study examined the cigarette smoking prevalence for gay versus bisexual men in China and their unique minority stress - smoking pathways.

Methods

Between September 2017 and November 2018, we surveyed a convenience sample of 538 gay men and 138 bisexual men recruited from local sexual minority organizations in four metropolitan cities in China (i.e., Beijing, Wuhan, Nanchang, and Changsha). Measures included sexual orientation, sociodemographics, theory-based minority stressors, depressive symptoms, and past 30-day cigarette smoking. Two-group (gay men vs. bisexual men) structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test possible distinct mechanisms between theory-based stressors, depressive symptoms, and cigarette smoking among gay men and bisexual men, respectively.

Results

The mean age of participants was 26.51 (SD = 8.41) years old and 76.3% of them had at least a college degree. Bisexual men reported a higher rate of cigarette smoking compared to gay men (39.9% vs. 27.3%). Two-group SEM indicated that the pathways for cigarette smoking were not different between gay and bisexual men. Higher rejection anticipation was associated with greater depressive symptoms (standardized β = 0.32, p < .001), and depressive symptoms were not associated with cigarette smoking.

Conclusions

Minority stress, specifically rejection anticipation, may be critical considerations in addressing depressive symptoms, but not smoking, among both gay and bisexual men in China.
Health literacy of patients on oral anticoagulation treatment- individual and social determinants and effect on health and treatment outcomes
Authors: Cabellos-García Ana Cristina , Martínez-Sabater Antonio , Díaz-Herrera Miguel Ángel , Gea-Caballero Vicente , Castro-Sánchez Enrique
Published: July 2021

Background

Assessment health literacy in people with cardiovascular health problems would facilitate the development of appropriate health strategies for the care and reduction of complications associated with oral anticoagulation therapy. Aim: To evaluate the relationship between health literacy and health and treatment outcomes (concordance with oral anticoagulants, Normalized Ratio control and occurrence of complications) in patients with cardiovascular pathology.

Methods

Observational, analytic and cross-sectional study carried out on 252 patients with cardiovascular pathology (atrial fibrillation, flutter or valve prosthesis), aged 50–85 years, accessing primary care services in Valencia (Spain) in 2018–2019. Variables referring to anticoagulant treatment with vitamin K antagonists (years of treatment, adequate control, polypharmacy and occurrence of complications, among others) and health literacy (Health Literacy Questionnaire) were analysed.

Results

All dimensions of health literacy were significantly related to the level of education (p < 0.02), social class (p < 0.02), an adequate control of acenocoumarol (p < 0.001), frequentation of health services (p < 0.001), information by patients to health professionals about anticoagulant treatment (p < 0.03), emergency care visits (p < 0.001) and unscheduled hospital admissions (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Health literacy has a relevant influence on the adequate self-management of anticoagulation treatment and the frequency of complications. The different dimensions that comprise health literacy play an important role, but the “social health support” dimension seems to be essential for such optimal self-management.

Trial registration

ACC-ACE-2016-01. Registration date: December 2015.
Effectiveness of a coordinated support system linking public hospitals to a health coaching service compared with usual care at discharge for patients with chronic low back pain: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ho Emma K. , Ferreira Manuela L. , Bauman Adrian , Hodges Paul W. , Maher Christopher G. , Simic Milena , Morton Rachael L. , Lonsdale Chris , Li Qiang , Baysari Melissa T. , Amorim Anita B. , Ceprnja Dragana , Clavisi Ornella , Halliday Mark , Jennings Matthew , Kongsted Alice , Maka Katherine , Reid Kate , Reynolds Tahlia , Ferreira Paulo H.
Published: July 2021

Background

Although many people with chronic low back pain (LBP) improve following conservative treatment, one in five will experience worsening symptoms after discharge from treatment and seek health care again. The current LBP clinical care pathway in many health services lacks a well-integrated, systematic approach to support patients to remain physically active and self-manage their symptoms following discharge from treatment. Health coaching can support people to improve physical activity levels and may potentially reduce health care utilisation for LBP. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of introducing a coordinated support system (linking hospital outpatient physiotherapy services to a public health coaching service) at discharge from LBP treatment, on the future use of hospital, medical, and health services for LBP, compared with usual care provided at discharge.

Methods

Three hundred and seventy-four adults with chronic non-specific LBP will be recruited from the outpatient physiotherapy departments of public hospitals in New South Wales, Australia. Participants will be individually randomised to a support system (n = 187) or usual care group (n = 187). All participants will receive usual care provided at discharge from treatment. Participants allocated to the support system will also receive up to 10 telephone-based health coaching sessions, delivered by the Get Healthy Service®, over a 6-month period. Health coaches will monitor and support participants to improve physical activity levels and achieve personal health-related goals. The primary outcome is the total number of encounters with hospital, medical, and health services for LBP, at 12 months from baseline. A within-trial economic evaluation will quantify the incremental costs and benefits of the support system from a health system perspective, to support reimbursement decision making.

Discussion

This study will establish the effect of a coordinated support system, introduced at discharge from treatment, on the future use of hospital, medical, and health services for LBP and various health outcomes.

Conclusion

Innovative community-driven solutions to support people with chronic LBP after discharge from treatment are urgently needed. Study findings will help inform health care policy and clinical practice in Australia.

Trial Registration

Prospectively registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12620000889954) on 10/09/2020.
COVID-19: Up to 82% critically ill patients had low Vitamin C values
Authors: Tomasa-Irriguible Teresa Maria , Bielsa-Berrocal Lara
Published: July 2021

There are limited proven therapeutic options for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. We underwent an observational study with the aim of measure plasma vitamin C levels in a population of critically ill COVID-19 adult patients who met ARDS criteria according to the Berlin definition. This epidemiological study brings to light that up to 82% had low Vitamin C values. Notwithstanding the limitation that this is a single-center study, it nevertheless shows an important issue. Given the potential role of vitamin C in sepsis and ARDS, there is gathering interest of whether supplementation could be beneficial in COVID-19.
Using concept mapping to prioritize barriers to diabetes care and self-management for those who experience homelessness
Authors: Grewal Eshleen K. , Campbell Rachel B. , Booth Gillian L. , McBrien Kerry A. , Hwang Stephen W. , O’Campo Patricia , Campbell David J. T.
Published: July 2021

Background

Diabetes is a chronic medical condition which demands that patients engage in self-management to achieve optimal glycemic control and avoid severe complications. Individuals who have diabetes and are experiencing homelessness are more likely to have chronic hyperglycemia and adverse outcomes. Our objective was to collaborate with individuals experiencing homelessness and care providers to understand the barriers they face in managing diabetes, as a first step in identifying solutions for enhancing diabetes management in this population.

Methods

We recruited individuals with lived experience of homelessness and diabetes (i.e. clients;n = 32) from Toronto and health and social care providers working in the areas of diabetes and/or homelessness (i.e. providers;n = 96) from across Canada. We used concept mapping, a participatory research method, to engage participants in brainstorming barriers to diabetes management, which were subsequently categorized into clusters, using the Concept Systems Global MAX software, and rated based on their perceived impact on diabetes management. The ratings were standardized for each participant group, and the average cluster ratings for the clients and providers were compared using t-tests.

Results

The brainstorming identified 43 unique barriers to diabetes management. The clients’ map featured 9 clusters of barriers:Challenges to getting healthy food,Inadequate income,Navigating services, Not having a place of your own,Relationships with professionals,Diabetes education,Emotional wellbeing,Competing priorities, andWeather-related issues. The providers’ map had 7 clusters:Access to healthy food,Dietary choices in the context of homelessness,Limited finances, Lack of stable, private housing,Navigating the health and social sectors,Emotional distress and competing priorities, andMental health and addictions. The highest-rated clusters wereChallenges to getting healthy food(clients) andMental health and addictions(providers).Challenges to getting healthy foodwas rated significantly higher by clients (p = 0.01) andCompeting prioritieswas rated significantly higher by providers (p = 0.03).

Conclusions

Experiencing homelessness poses numerous barriers to managing diabetes, the greatest of which according to clients, is challenges to getting healthy food. This study showed that the way clients and providers perceive these barriers differs considerably, which highlights the importance of including clients’ insights when assessing needs and designing effective solutions.
Characterization of the effects of heat stress on autophagy induction in the pig oocyte
Authors: Hale Benjamin J. , Li Yunsheng , Adur Malavika K. , Keating Aileen F. , Baumgard Lance H. , Ross Jason W.
Published: July 2021

Background

Heat stress (HS) occurs when body heat accumulation exceeds heat dissipation and is associated with swine seasonal infertility. HS contributes to compromised oocyte integrity and reduced embryo development. Autophagy is a potential mechanism for the oocyte to mitigate the detrimental effects of HS by recycling damaged cellular components.

Methods

To characterize the effect of HS on autophagy in oocyte maturation, we utilized an in vitro maturation (IVM) system where oocytes underwent thermal neutral (TN) conditions throughout the entire maturation period (TN/TN), HS conditions during the first half of IVM (HS/TN), or HS conditions during the second half of IVM (TN/HS).

Results

To determine the effect of HS on autophagy induction within the oocyte, we compared the relative abundance and localization of autophagy-related proteins. Heat stress treatment affected the abundance of two well described markers of autophagy induction: autophagy related gene 12 (ATG12) in complex with ATG5 and the cleaved form of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (LC3B-II). The HS/TN IVM treatment increased the abundance of the ATG12-ATG5 complex and exacerbated the loss of LC3B-II in oocytes. The B-cell lymphoma 2 like 1 protein (BCL2L1) can inhibit autophagy or apoptosis through its interaction with either beclin1 (BECN1) or BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator (BAX), respectively. We detected colocalization of BCL2L1 with BAX but not BCL2L1 with BECN1, suggesting that apoptosis is inhibited under the HS/TN treatment but not autophagy. Interestingly, low doses of the autophagy inducer, rapamycin, increased oocyte maturation.

Conclusions

Our results here suggest that HS increases autophagy induction in the oocyte during IVM, and that artificial induction of autophagy increases the maturation rate of oocytes during IVM. These data support autophagy as a potential mechanism activated in the oocyte during HS to recycle damaged cellular components and maintain developmental competence.
Improving the monitoring of chronic heart failure in Argentina: is the implantable pulmonary artery pressure with CardioMEMS Heart Failure System cost-effective?
Authors: Alcaraz Andrea , Rojas-Roque Carlos , Prina Daniela , González Juan Martín , Pichon-Riviere Andrés , Augustovski Federico , Palacios Alfredo
Published: July 2021

Background

The CardioMEMS® sensor is a wireless pulmonary artery pressure device used for monitoring symptomatic heart failure (HF). The use of CardioMEMS was associated with a reduction of hospitalizations of HF patients, but the acquisition cost could be high in low-and-middle income countries. Evidence of cost-effectiveness is needed to help decision-makers to allocate resources according to “value for money”. This study is aimed at estimating the cost-effectiveness of CardioMEMS used in HF patients from the third-party payer perspective -Social Security (SS) and Private Sector (PS)- in Argentina.

Methods

A Markov model was developed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of CardioMEMS versus usual medical care over a lifetime horizon. The model was applied to a hypothetical population of patients with HF functional class III with at least one hospitalization in the previous 12 months. The main outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). To populate the model we retrieved clinical, epidemiological and utility parameters from the literature, whilst direct medical costs were estimated through a micro-costing approach (exchange rate USD 1 = ARS 76.95). Uncertainties in all parameters were assessed by deterministic, probabilistic and scenario sensitivity analysis.

Results

Compared with the usual medical care, CardioMEMS increased quality-adjusted life years (QALY) by 0.37 and increased costs per patient by ARS 1,081,703 for SS and ARS 919,051 for PS. The resultant ICER was ARS 2,937,756 per QALY and ARS 2,496,015 per QALY for SS and PS, respectively. ICER was most sensitive to the hazard ratio of HF hospital admission and the acquisition price of CardioMEMS. The probability that CardioMEMS is cost-effective at one (ARS 700,473), three (ARS 2,101,419,) and five (ARS 3,502,363) Gross Domestic Product per capita is 0.6, 17.9 and 64.1% for SS and 5.4, 33.3 and 73.2% for PS.

Conclusions

CardioMEMS was more effective and more costly than usual care in class III HF patients. Since in Argentina there is no current explicit threshold, the final decision to determine its cost-effectiveness will depend on the willingness-to-pay for QALYs in each health subsector.
“Cervical cancer screening: awareness is not enough”. Understanding barriers to screening among women in West Cameroon—a qualitative study using focus groups.
Authors: Datchoua Moukam Alida Manoëla , Embolo Owono Muriel Samartha , Kenfack Bruno , Vassilakos Pierre , Petignat Patrick , Sormani Jessica , Schmidt Nicole C.
Published: July 2021

Background

Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women in sub-Saharan countries, constituting a major public health concern. In Cameroon, cervical cancer ranks as the second most common type of cancer among women and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, mainly due to the lack of prevention.

Objectives

Our first and main objective was to understand the barriers affecting women’s decision-making process regarding participation in a cervical cancer screening program in the Dschang district (West Cameroon). Second, we aimed to explore the acceptability and perception of a single-visit approach (screen and treat).

Methods

A qualitative study using focus groups (FGs) was conducted from February to March 2020. Female participants aged between 30 and 49 years and their male partners were invited to participate. Thematic analysis was used, and barriers were classified according to the three-delay model of Thaddeus and Maine.

Results

In total, six FGs with 43 participants (31 women and 12 men) were conducted. The most important barriers were lack of health literacy, low accessibility of the program (in respect to cost and distance), and disrespectful treatment by healthcare workers.

Conclusions

Our study identified three needs: (1) enhancing health literacy; (2) improving the delivery of cervical cancer screening in rural areas; and (3) providing training for healthcare providers and community healthcare workers to improve patient-provider-communication.

Trial registration Ethical Cantonal Board of Geneva, Switzerland (CCER, N°2017-0110 and CER-amendment n°3) and Cameroonian National Ethics Committee for Human Health Research (N°2018/07/1083/CE/CNERSH/SP). NCT: 03757299
Plant responses to geminivirus infection: guardians of the plant immunity
Authors: Gupta Neha , Reddy Kishorekumar , Bhattacharyya Dhriti , Chakraborty✉ Supriya
Published: July 2021

Background

Geminiviruses are circular, single-stranded viruses responsible for enormous crop loss worldwide. Rapid expansion of geminivirus diversity outweighs the continuous effort to control its spread. Geminiviruses channelize the host cell machinery in their favour by manipulating the gene expression, cell signalling, protein turnover, and metabolic reprogramming of plants. As a response to viral infection, plants have evolved to deploy various strategies to subvert the virus invasion and reinstate cellular homeostasis.

Main body

Numerous reports exploring various aspects of plant-geminivirus interaction portray the subtlety and flexibility of the host–pathogen dynamics. To leverage this pool of knowledge towards raising antiviral resistance in host plants, a comprehensive account of plant’s defence response against geminiviruses is required. This review discusses the current knowledge of plant’s antiviral responses exerted to geminivirus in the light of resistance mechanisms and the innate genetic factors contributing to the defence. We have revisited the defence pathways involving transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene silencing, ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation pathway, protein kinase signalling cascades, autophagy, and hypersensitive responses. In addition, geminivirus-induced phytohormonal fluctuations, the subsequent alterations in primary and secondary metabolites, and their impact on pathogenesis along with the recent advancements of CRISPR-Cas9 technique in generating the geminivirus resistance in plants have been discussed.

Conclusions

Considering the rapid development in the field of plant-virus interaction, this review provides a timely and comprehensive account of molecular nuances that define the course of geminivirus infection and can be exploited in generating virus-resistant plants to control global agricultural damage.
Transit time flow measurement of coronary bypass grafts before and after protamine administration
Authors: Leviner Dror B. , von Mücke Similon Miriam , Rosati Carlo Maria , Amabile Andrea , Thuijs Daniel J. F. M. , Giammarco Gabriele Di , Wendt Daniel , Trachiotis Gregory D. , Kieser Teresa M. , Kappetein A. Pieter , Head Stuart J. , Taggart David P. , Puskas John D.
Published: July 2021

Background

Intraoperative graft assessment with tools like Transit Time Flow Measurement (TTFM) is imperative for quality control in coronary surgery. We investigated the variation of TTFM parameters before and after protamine administration to identify new benchmark parameters for graft quality assessment.

Methods

The database of the REQUEST (“REgistry for QUality AssESsmenT with Ultrasound Imaging and TTFM in Cardiac Bypass Surgery”) study was retrospectively reviewed. A per graft analysis was performed. Only single grafts (i.e., no sequential nor composite grafts) where both pre- and post-protamine TTFM values were recorded with an acoustical coupling index > 30% were included. Grafts with incomplete data and mixed grafts (arterio-venous) were excluded. A second analysis was performed including single grafts only in the same MAP range pre- and post- protamine administration.

Results

After adjusting for MAP, we found a small increase in MGF (29 mL/min to 30 mL/min, p = 0.009) and decrease in PI (2.3 to 2.2, p <  0.001) were observed after the administration of protamine. These changes were especially notable for venous conduits and for CABG procedures performed on-pump.

Conclusion

The small changes in TTFM parameters observed before and after protamine administration seem to be clinically irrelevant, despite being statistically significant in aggregate. Our data do not support a need to perform TTFM measurements both before and after protamine administration. A single TTFM measurement taken either before or after protamine may suffice to achieve reliable data on each graft’s performance. Depending on the specific clinical situation and intraoperative changes, more measurements may be informative.

Trial registration

Clinical Trials Number: NCT02385344, registered February 17th, 2015.
Elevated retrotransposon activity and genomic instability in primed pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Fu Haifeng , Zhang Weiyu , Li Niannian , Yang Jiao , Ye Xiaoying , Tian Chenglei , Lu Xinyi , Liu Lin
Published: July 2021

Background

Naïve and primed pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) represent two different pluripotent states. Primed PSCs following in vitro culture exhibit lower developmental potency as evidenced by failure in germline chimera assays, unlike mouse naïve PSCs. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the lower developmental competency of primed PSCs remain elusive.

Results

We examine the regulation of telomere maintenance, retrotransposon activity, and genomic stability of primed PSCs and compare them with naïve PSCs. Surprisingly, primed PSCs only minimally maintain telomeres and show fragile telomeres, associated with declined DNA recombination and repair activity, in contrast to naïve PSCs that robustly elongate telomeres. Also, we identify LINE1 family integrantL1Md_Tas naïve-specific retrotransposon and ERVK family integrantIAPEzto define primed PSCs, and their transcription is differentially regulated by heterochromatic histones and Dnmt3b. Notably, genomic instability of primed PSCs is increased, in association with aberrant retrotransposon activity.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that fragile telomere, retrotransposon-associated genomic instability, and declined DNA recombination repair, together with reduced function of cell cycle and mitochondria, increased apoptosis, and differentiation properties may link to compromised developmental potency of primed PSCs, noticeably distinguishable from naïve PSCs.
Soil microbial functional diversity responses to different vegetation types in the Heilongjiang Zhongyangzhan Black-billed Capercaillie Nature Reserve
Authors: Weng Xiaohong , Li Jiayi , Sui Xin , Li Mengsha , Yin Weiping , Ma Weichao , Yang Libin , Mu Liqiang
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The soil microbial community is an important bioactive component of terrestrial ecosystems. Its structural and functional diversity directly affects carbon and nitrogen processes. This study aimed to investigate the variations in the functional diversity of soil microbial communities in forests with different types of vegetation.

Methods

We selected three typical vegetation types, larch (LG), black birch (BD), and larch and black birch mixed (LGBD) forests, located in the Heilongjiang Zhongyangzhan Black-billed Capercaillie Nature Reserve. The Biolog-Eco microplate technology was selected to perform these analyses.

Result

Our results showed clear differences between microorganisms in the three typical forests. The average well colour development (AWCD) change rate gradually increased with incubation time. The BD type had the highest AWCD value, followed by LGBD; the LG forest type had the lowest value. The difference in the soil microbial alpha diversity index between BD and LG was significant. A principal component analysis showed that PC1 and PC2 respectively explained 62.77% and 13.3% of the variance observed. The differences in the soil microbial carbon-source utilisation patterns under different vegetation types were mainly caused by esters and carbohydrates. Redundancy analysis showed that soil microbial functional diversity was strongly affected by soil physicochemistrical properties (e.g. organic carbon, total nitrogen and pH).

Conclusion

These results provide a reference for further exploring the relationship between forest communities and soil microbes during the process of forest succession.
Gene–gene and gene-environment interactions on cord blood total IgE in Chinese Han children
Authors: Hua Li , Liu Quanhua , Li Jing , Zuo Xianbo , Chen Qian , Li Jingyang , Wang Yuwei , Liu Haipei , Shen Zhaobo , Li Yi , Ma Zenan , Dong Shengdong , Ji Ruoxu , Fang Dingzhu , Chen Yi , Zhong Wenwei , Zhang Jun , Zhang Jianhua , Bao Yixiao
Published: July 2021

Background

IL13, IL4, IL4RA, FCER1BandADRB2are susceptible genes of asthma and atopy. Our previous study has found gene–gene interactions on asthma between these genes in Chinese Han children. Whether the interactions begin in fetal stage, and whether these genes interact with prenatal environment to enhance cord blood IgE (CBIgE) levels and then cause subsequent allergic diseases have yet to be determined. This study aimed to determine whether there are gene–gene and gene-environment interactions on CBIgE elevation among the aforementioned five genes and prenatal environmental factors in Chinese Han population.

Methods

989 cord blood samples from a Chinese birth cohort were genotyped for nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the five genes, and measured for CBIgE levels. Prenatal environmental factors were collected using a questionnaire. Gene–gene and gene-environment interactions were analyzed with generalized multifactor dimensionality methods.

Results

A four-way gene–gene interaction model (IL13rs20541,IL13rs1800925,IL4rs2243250 andADRB2rs1042713) was regarded as the optimal one for CBIgE elevation (testing balanced accuracy = 0.5805,P = 9.03 × 10–4). Among the four SNPs, onlyIL13rs20541 was identified to have an independent effect on elevated CBIgE (odds ratio (OR) = 1.36,P = 3.57 × 10–3), while the other three had small but synergistic effects. Carriers ofIL13rs20541 TT,IL13rs1800925 CT/TT,IL4rs2243250 TT andADRB2rs1042713 AA were estimated to be at more than fourfold higher risk for CBIgE elevation (OR = 4.14,P = 2.69 × 10–2). Gene-environment interaction on elevated CBIgE was found betweenIL4rs2243250 and maternal atopy (OR = 1.41,P = 2.65 × 10–2).

Conclusions

Gene–gene interaction betweenIL13rs20541,IL13rs1800925,IL4rs2243250 andADRB2rs1042713, and gene-environment interaction betweenIL4rs2243250 and maternal atopy begin in prenatal stage to augment IgE production in Chinese Han children.
Research on the influence of accounting computerization and networking on E-commerce
Authors: Shi Wenquan
Published: July 2021

E-commerce has broken through the pattern and boundary of traditional commodity exchange, so that there is no need for face-to-face transactions between merchants and consumers. This has impacted the traditional accounting industry, which broke the environmental setting of traditional accounting industry. This requires the extension and expansion of the economic environment of the new accounting industry, which has led to the computerization of accounting and the network of further upgrades. Accounting computerization and networking have greatly improved the speed and accuracy of accounting information processing, and at the same time made the classification of accounting duties more clear. However, accounting computerization and higher-level networking have in turn affected the development of e-commerce. Due to the rapid development of e-commerce, the corresponding internal auditing schemes of traditional enterprises have been unable to meet accounting and computerization. The impact of this will constrain the further development of e-commerce. Accounting computerization and networking the internal audit of e-commerce is mainly reflected in clues, internal control, and content and environment issues. This paper analyses the impact of accounting computerization and networking on the internal auditing of e-commerce, and finally analyse the auditing setup and experience based on a company H in the accounting information system, and explore the accounting calculation. In the context of globalization and networking, the strategy of how to deal with the trial and control part of e-commerce.
On a fractional problem of Lane–Emden type: Ulam type stabilities and numerical behaviors
Authors: Tablennehas Kamel , Dahmani Zoubir , Belhamiti Meriem Mansouria , Abdelnebi Amira , Sarikaya Mehmet Zeki
Published: July 2021

In this work, we study some types of Ulam stability for a nonlinear fractional differential equation of Lane–Emden type with anti periodic conditions. Then, by using a numerical approach for the Caputo derivative, we investigate behaviors of the considered problem.
Bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed genes and identification of an miRNA–mRNA network associated with entorhinal cortex and hippocampus in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Li Haoming , Zou Linqing , Shi Jinhong , Han Xiao
Published: July 2021

Background

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder, and the lesions originate in the entorhinal cortex (EC) and hippocampus (HIP) at the early stage of AD progression. Gaining insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying AD is critical for the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder. Recent discoveries have uncovered the essential roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in aging and have identified the potential of miRNAs serving as biomarkers in AD diagnosis.

Methods

We sought to apply bioinformatics tools to investigate microarray profiles and characterize differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in both EC and HIP and identify specific candidate genes and pathways that might be implicated in AD for further analysis. Furthermore, we considered that DEGs might be dysregulated by miRNAs. Therefore, we investigated patients with AD and healthy controls by studying the gene profiling of their brain and blood samples to identify AD-related DEGs, differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), along with gene ontology (GO) analysis, KEGG pathway analysis, and construction of an AD-specific miRNA–mRNA interaction network.

Results

Our analysis identified 10 key hub genes in the EC and HIP of patients with AD, and these hub genes were focused on energy metabolism, suggesting that metabolic dyshomeostasis contributed to the progression of the early AD pathology. Moreover, after the construction of an miRNA–mRNA network, we identified 9 blood-related DEmiRNAs, which regulated 10 target genes in the KEGG pathway.

Conclusions

Our findings indicated these DEmiRNAs having the potential to act as diagnostic biomarkers at an early stage of AD.
Density of medical and recreational cannabis outlets: racial/ethnic differences in the associations with young adult intentions to use cannabis, e-cigarettes, and cannabis mixed with tobacco/nicotine
Authors: Shih Regina A. , Tucker Joan S. , Pedersen Eric R. , Seelam Rachana , Dunbar Michael S. , Kofner Aaron , Firth Caislin , D’Amico Elizabeth J.
Published: July 2021

Background

Differences in access to medical versus recreational cannabis outlets and their associations with intentions to use cannabis have not yet been examined among young adults. This study compares the associations between densities of medical versus recreational cannabis outlets and young adults’ intentions to use cannabis, electronic cigarettes, and cannabis mixed with tobacco/nicotine products. Racial/ethnic differences in these associations were examined.

Methods

Young adults ages 18–23 (mean age = 20.9) in Los Angeles County were surveyed online in 2018 after the legalization of recreational cannabis (n = 604). Multiple linear regressions were estimated for the entire sample and stratified by race/ethnicity. Outcomes were intentions to use cannabis, electronic cigarettes, and cannabis mixed with tobacco/nicotine in the next 6 months. Density was measured as the number of medical cannabis dispensaries (MCDs), recreational cannabis retailers (RCRs), and outlets of any type within 5 miles of respondents’ homes.

Results

Living near more outlets of any type was not significantly associated with intentions to use in the full sample, adjusting for individual- and neighborhood-level characteristics. However, race/ethnicity-stratified models indicated that living near more outlets of any type and more RCRs were significantly associated with stronger co-use intentions among white young adults. Higher MCD density was marginally associated with stronger co-use intentions among Asian young adults. However, higher MCD density was significantly associated with lower intentions to use e-cigarettes among Hispanic young adults.

Conclusions

The results suggest racial/ethnic differences in the impact of living near cannabis outlets on intentions to use. Prevention efforts targeting young adults who live near more cannabis outlets may be especially beneficial for white and Asian young adults.
Targeting Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) for developing novel therapeutics against cancer
Authors: Girisa Sosmitha , Henamayee Sahu , Parama Dey , Rana Varsha , Dutta Uma , Kunnumakkara Ajaikumar B.
Published: July 2021

Cancer is one of the lethal diseases that arise due to the molecular alterations in the cell. One of those alterations associated with cancer corresponds to differential expression of Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a nuclear receptor regulating bile, cholesterol homeostasis, lipid, and glucose metabolism. FXR is known to regulate several diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases, the two highly reported causes of mortality globally. Recent studies have shown the association of FXR overexpression with cancer development and progression in different types of cancers of breast, lung, pancreas, and oesophagus. It has also been associated with tissue-specific and cell-specific roles in various cancers. It has been shown to modulate several cell-signalling pathways such as EGFR/ERK, NF-κB, p38/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, and JAK/STAT along with their targets such as caspases, MMPs, cyclins; tumour suppressor proteins like p53, C/EBPβ, and p-Rb; various cytokines; EMT markers; and many more. Therefore, FXR has high potential as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of cancer. Thus, the present review focuses on the diverse role of FXR in different cancers and its agonists and antagonists.
Current Approaches for Integrating Responsible and Ethical Conduct of Research (RECR) Education into Course-based Undergraduate Research Experiences: A National Assessment
Authors: Diaz-Martinez Laura A. , Hernandez Aimee A. , D’Arcy Christina E. , Corral Stephanie , Bhatt Jay M. , Esparza David , Rosenberg Martina , Olimpo Jeffrey T.
Published: July 2021

Incorporation of responsible and ethical conduct of research (RECR) education into course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) remains largely unexplored despite the importance of RECR practices to the broader scientific enterprise. To address this concern, a mixed methods approach was employed to characterize the state of RECR education in biological sciences CUREs nationwide.
Oncologists' Perspective on Dental Care Around the Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer: A Pattern of Practice Survey
Authors: Ward Matthew C. , Carpenter Michael D. , Noll Jenene , Carrizosa Daniel , Moeller Benjamin J. , Helgeson Erika S. , Lalla Rajesh V. , Brennan Michael T.
Published: July 2021

PURPOSE:

Patients with head and neck cancer are at risk of long-term dental complications. Proper dental assessment pre- and post-treatment can improve outcomes but is logistically challenging. We surveyed oncologists to better understand their perspectives surrounding dental care in this unique population.

METHODS:

We surveyed oncologists at institutions associated with an ongoing national study of oral health after treatment of head and neck cancer. Seventeen questions were used to assess provider characteristics, patterns of practice, patterns of referral, barriers to referral, and willingness to apply fluoride varnish in the oncology clinic.

RESULTS:

Ninety-seven oncologists were invited from six institutions, of whom 40 (41%) responded. Surgeons represented 45% of the sample, followed by radiation oncologists (40%) and medical oncologists (15%). Both generalists and subspecialists were included. All practiced in a metropolitan area with an academic dental practice, and many felt that this improved access to care. Despite this, most oncologists thought that financial factors were a significant barrier to obtaining timely dental care. Most oncologists performed a dental assessment during visits. Oncologists felt qualified to identify the most significant complications of treatment, such as exposed bone, but felt underqualified to identify early changes in need of intervention. When asked if the oncology clinic could apply fluoride varnish during follow-ups, most stated that this seemed feasible but would require education and financial support.

CONCLUSION:

Oncologists often perform limited dental evaluations during their routine visits. Given the challenges associated with access to proper dental care for this population, these oncology visits may provide a window for preventative intervention.
Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumor as the Presenting Feature of McCune-Albright Syndrome
Authors: Marks Brynn E , Sugrue Ronan , Bourgeois Wallace , Frazier A Lindsay , Voss Stephan D , Laufer Marc R , Gordon Catherine M , Cohen Laurie E
Published: July 2021

Introduction

GNAS mutations have been reported in both McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) and juvenile granulosa cell tumors (JGCT) but have never been reported simultaneously in the same patient.

Case Presentation

A 15-year-old girl developed secondary oligomenorrhea. Laboratory studies revealed suppressed gonadotropin levels with markedly elevated estradiol and inhibin B levels. Pelvic ultrasound showed a 12-cm heterogeneous right adnexal mass; pelvic magnetic resonance imaging to further characterize the mass displayed heterogeneous bilateral femoral bone lesions initially concerning for metastatic disease. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed minimal 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the pelvic mass but unexpectedly revealed FDG uptake throughout the skeleton, concerning for polyostotic fibrous dysplasia in the context of MAS. The adnexal mass was excised and pathology confirmed a JGCT. The patient’s affected bone and JGCT tissue revealed the same pathogenic GNAS p.R201C mutation, while her peripheral blood contained wild-type arginine at codon 201.

Conclusion

This mutation has been previously reported in cases of MAS and JGCT but never simultaneously in the same patient. This demonstration of a GNAS mutation underlying both JGCT and MAS in the same patient raises questions about appropriate surveillance for patients with these conditions.
Arc1 and the microbiota together modulate growth and metabolic traits in Drosophila
Authors: Keith Scott A. , Bishop Cassandra , Fallacaro Samantha , McCartney Brooke M.
Published: July 2021

Perturbations to animal-associated microbial communities (the microbiota) have deleterious effects on various aspects of host fitness, but the molecular processes underlying these impacts are poorly understood. Here, we identify a connection between the microbiota and the neuronal factor Arc1 that affects growth and metabolism in Drosophila. We find that Arc1 exhibits tissue-specific microbiota-dependent expression changes, and that germ-free flies bearing a null mutation of Arc1 exhibit delayed and stunted larval growth, along with a variety of molecular, cellular and organismal traits indicative of metabolic dysregulation. Remarkably, we show that the majority of these phenotypes can be fully suppressed by mono-association with a single Acetobacter sp. isolate, through mechanisms involving both bacterial diet modification and live bacteria. Additionally, we provide evidence that Arc1 function in key neuroendocrine cells of the larval brain modulates growth and metabolic homeostasis under germ-free conditions. Our results reveal a role for Arc1 in modulating physiological responses to the microbial environment, and highlight how host-microbe interactions can profoundly impact the phenotypic consequences of genetic mutations in an animal host.
Metabolic reprogramming in cancer: mechanistic insights from Drosophila
Authors: Lam Wong Kenneth Kin , Verheyen Esther M.
Published: July 2021

Cancer cells constantly reprogram their metabolism as the disease progresses. However, our understanding of the metabolic complexity of cancer remains incomplete. Extensive research in the fruit fly Drosophila has established numerous tumor models ranging from hyperplasia to neoplasia. These fly tumor models exhibit a broad range of metabolic profiles and varying nutrient sensitivity. Genetic studies show that fly tumors can use various alternative strategies, such as feedback circuits and nutrient-sensing machinery, to acquire and consolidate distinct metabolic profiles. These studies not only provide fresh insights into the causes and functional relevance of metabolic reprogramming but also identify metabolic vulnerabilities as potential targets for cancer therapy. Here, we review the conceptual advances in cancer metabolism derived from comparing and contrasting the metabolic profiles of fly tumor models, with a particular focus on the Warburg effect, mitochondrial metabolism, and the links between diet and cancer.