bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural and functional biomarkers of efficacy of navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in therapy for trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Poydasheva AG , Sinitsyn DO , Bakulin IS , Suponeva NA , Piradov MA
Published: June 2021

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an alternative treatment option for patients with drug-resistant trigeminal neuralgia (TN). However, the effect of rTMS is variable. The aim of this study was to find neuroimaging biomarkers of clinical efficacy of navigated rTMS. Seventeen patients with TN (14 women and 3 men, median age 56 years) received 10 sessions of high-frequency rTMS of the motor cortex contralateral to pain side. The data were analyzed for correlations between functional connectivity (FC), the grey matter (GM) volume and the reduction in pain intensity. Positive correlations were established between the reduction in average pain intensity and GM volume in caudate nuclei in both hemispheres (p(unc) = 0.03), both cerebellar hemispheres (p(unc) = 0.002) and the postcentral gyrus contralateral to pain side (p(unc) = 0.005); between the reduction in peak pain intensity and GM volume in the caudate nucleus contralateral to pain side (p(unc) = 0.04) and the cerebellar hemisphere ipsilateral to pain (p(unc) = 0.03). Significant positive correlations were discovered between the reduction in average pain intensity and FC between the thalamus contralateral to pain side, the postcentral gyrus and the insular operculum (both ipsilateral to pain side; (p(FWE) = 0.018), as well as between the cingulate cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex ipsilateral to pain (p(FWE) = 0.017), between the contralateral subcallosal gyrus and the cerebellar hemisphere ipsilateral to pain (p(FWE) = 0.018). A negative correlation was established for FC between the contralateral putamen and the occipital lobes in both hemispheres (p(FWE) = 0.001). Our findings may spur the development of individual predictors of rTMS efficacy in patients with chronic pain.
Strukturno-funkcional'nye biomarkery effektivnosti navigacionnoj ritmicheskoj transkranial'noj magnitnoj stimulyacii v lechenii nevralgii trojnichnogo nerva
Authors: Пойдашева А. Г. , Синицын Д. О. , Бакулин И. С. , Супонева Н. А. , Пирадов М. А.
Published: June 2021

U pacientov s nevralgiej trojnichnogo nerva (NTN), ne otvechayushchih na farmakoterapiyu, v kachestve al'ternativy mozhno primenyat' ritmicheskuyu transkranial'nuyu magnitnuyu stimulyaciyu (rTMS). Odnako effekt rTMS variabelen. Cel'yu issledovaniya byl poisk nejrovizualizacionnyh biomarkerov klinicheskoj effektivnosti navigacionnoj rTMS. Semnadcati pacientam s NTN (14 zhenshchin; mediana vozrasta — 56 let) provedeno 10 sessij vysokochastotnoj rTMS motornoj kory polushariya, kontrlateral'nogo lokalizacii boli. Provodili analiz korrelyacij funkcional'noj konnektivnosti (FK) i ob"ema serogo veshchestva golovnogo mozga (SVGM) so snizheniem intensivnosti boli. Pokazana polozhitel'naya korrelyaciya mezhdu snizheniem srednej intensivnosti boli i ob"emom SVGM v oblasti hvostatyh yader (p(unc) = 0,03), mozzhechka bilateral'no (p(unc) = 0,002) i kontrlateral'noj postcentral'noj izviline (p(unc) = 0,005); mezhdu snizheniem maksimal'noj intensivnosti boli i ob"emom SVGM v oblasti hvostatogo yadra kontrlateral'no boli (p(unc) = 0,04) i mozzhechka ipsilateral'no (p(unc) = 0,03). Prodemonstrirovana polozhitel'naya svyaz' snizheniya srednej intensivnosti boli s FK mezhdu talamusom (kontrlateral'no lokalizacii boli) i ipsilateral'noj postcentral'noj izvilinoj i pokryshkoj ostrovka (p(FWE) = 0,018), mezhdu poyasnoj koroj i perednimi otdelami poyasnoj kory ipsilateral'no boli (p(FWE) = 0,017), mezhdu kontrlateral'noj paraterminal'noj izvilinoj i mozzhechkom ipsilateral'no (p(FWE) = 0,018); otricatel'naya korrelyaciya dlya FK mezhdu kontrlateral'noj skorlupoj i zatylochnymi dolyami oboih polusharij (p(FWE) = 0,001). Poluchennye rezul'taty mogut stat' predposylkoj k razrabotke individual'nyh prediktorov effektivnosti rTMS u pacientov s hronicheskimi bolevymi sindromami.
The Abundance and Distribution of Mangrove Gastropods from Kuala Selangor Nature Park, Selangor
Authors:   Department of Biology, Education Faculty, Kandahar University, Afghanistan, Jahid Ajmal ,   Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, Rai Singh Harinder ,   Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: June 2021

This study reports on the abundance and distribution of mangrove gastropods from Kuala Selangor Nature Park, Malaysia (KSNP). The line transect method with quadrats (5m x 5m) was employed to sample the gastropods. Gastropods were collected from the leaves, branches, stems and roots of trees and the mangrove floor. Nineteen gastropod taxa from seven families were recorded from the Bruguiera, mixed (Bruguiera, Avicennia and Rhizophora), Avicennia and Rhizophora zones. Avicennia sp. recorded the largest Girth at Breast Height (GBH) (mean±sd=37.3±18.2 cm) while Bruguiera sp. recorded the smallest GBH (mean=22.36±8 cm). The overall density of the gastropods at KSNP was 0.85 no/m2. The gastropod density was higher at the Avicennia & Rhizophora zone (150-200m (closer to the mudflats) (0.064±0.084 no/m2) followed by the mixed zone (50-150m) (0.046±0.30 no/m2) and lowest at the Bruguiera zone (0-50m) (0.08±0.080 no/m2) (closer to the coastal bund). Gastropod density between sampling zones did not vary significantly (p>0.05) but generally increased from the bund towards the mudflat edge. Further studies of the role of gastropods in the coastal food chain, as bio-indicators of habitat change and as potential food source for local populace are needed.
Optimization of Cell-free Plasma RNA Extraction for Downstream Application
Authors:   Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Wan Nor Ruddin Wan Alif Afiq , Mohd Ridah Lailatul Jalilah ,   Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Mohd Nor Nurul Yaqin ,   Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Ismail Hamizah ,   Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Zainuddin Norafiza ,   Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia,   Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: June 2021

The growing interest in biomedical studies has brought RNA from biofluids including plasma, as promising candidates for genetics profiling. The precision and reliability of an analysis in downstream application such as NanoString nCounter® MAX Analysis System (NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA) ) depend on the RNA quality, purity and level. In this project, NanoString nCounter® miRNA panel was chosen due to rapid identification and ability to profile approximately 800 miRNAs per run which requires total RNAs from plasma with a minimum concentration of 33.3 ng/μL with 260/280 and 260/230 ratios of ≥1.8 for optimal results. Unlike tissues and cells, circulating RNAs in plasma are cell-free and are present in small sizes. However, the abundance of proteins and inhibitors in the plasma as possible contaminants could diminish the effectiveness of molecular isolation techniques and pose challenges in RNA isolation and quantification. This could skew data collection and elucidation. Therefore, the main objective is to determine the optimized plasma RNA isolation protocol to overcome problems in RNA quality and purity with regards NanoString nCounter® MAX Analysis System requirement. Several optimization steps were performed, including the addition of one chloroform extraction step with extra washing steps instead of conducting only once following the actual protocol. After conducting these steps, the average 260/280 ratio falls between 1.7 to 1.8, slightly increased compared to the results before optimization which was around 1.4 to 1.6 since these steps of optimization help to remove excess impurities including phenol and salt. Furthermore, increasing the incubation time in certain steps, for instance, after sample homogenization with Qiazol, during 95% ethanol precipitation and after RNase-free water addition have boosted the RNA recovery allowing RNA concentration of 15 ng/μL and above to be obtained. Hence, the optimized plasma RNA isolation protocol was determined since several issues related to plasma RNA concentration and purity were significantly improved by performing the additional steps in the protocol.
Dinero y poder en la intimidad de pareja en Argentina: indicios desde una mirada de género y clase social
Authors: Seid Gonzalo , Gómez Rojas Gabriela
Published: June 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar resultados de un estudio exploratorio acerca de la administración del dinero en parejas heterosexuales en Argentina (2010-2015). Se examinó información cuantitativa para la muestra argentina de la encuesta de 2012 del International Social Survey Programme (ISSP). Asimismo, se analizó una pregunta específica respecto del manejo del dinero en 60 entrevistas cualitativas a mujeres y hombres de distintas clases sociales. Se hallaron tendencias similares a las reportadas en otros países: el administrador único está más asociado a concepciones de género tradicionales, mientras que el fondo común y las cuentas separadas se asocian a nociones de género más igualitarias. Se concluye que dentro de cada modalidad de manejo del dinero varían los arreglos concretos y sus efectos sobre desigualdades de género y clase.
Az egészségegyenlőtlenségek csökkentésének nehézségei
Authors: Csizmadia Péter
Published: June 2021

A cikk definiálja és különbséget tesz az elkerülhető egészségegyenlőtlenségek, és az igazságtalan és megelőzhető egészségbeli méltánytalanságok között, ismerteti az egészségegyenlőtlenségek főbb dimenzióit, amelyek mentén az egyenlőtlenségeket vizsgálni szokták a világ teljes népességén át, országok vagy államok, földrajzi különbségek, társadalmilag releváns csoportok, mint faj, nemzetiség, nem, képzettség, jövedelem, foglalkozás és egyebek alapján. Az írás különböző elméleteket mutat be, amelyek megkísérlik, hogy magyarázatot adjanak egyrészt az egészség csoport szintű eltéréseire, másrészt a szocioökonómiai egyenlőtlenségek tartós fennmaradására még a fejlett nyugat-európai jóléti államokban is.
Az egészségügyi ellátáshoz való hozzáférés területi egyenlőtlenségeinek vizsgálata az akut szívizominfarktus okozta halálozás adatainak felhasználásával
Authors: Uzzoli Annamária , Vitrai József , Tóth Gergely
Published: June 2021

Bevezetés: Az elmúlt másfél évtizedben az EU tagországaiban javult a keringési rendszeri, azon belül az ischaemiás szívbetegségek és az infarktus okozta halálozások aránya, legkisebb mértékben éppen Magyarországon. A 2000-es évek eleje óta tartó javuló tendencia ellenére jelentős a lemaradásunk Európa legfejlettebb államaihoz képest. A paradox helyzet feltárása érdekében a tanulmány célja az akut szívizominfarktus (AMI) hazai időbeli alakulásának és területi különbségeinek elemzése. Ez hozzájárul hazai egészségegyenlőtlenségek és az egészségügyi ellátáshoz való hozzáférés szerepének értelmezéséhez, mivel az AMI túlélési esélyeit növeli a gyors diagnózis, az időben elvégzett beavatkozás és a hatékony rehabilitáció. Módszerek: A statisztikai vizsgálatok során a BNO I21-23 kódok alapján definiált AMI-halálesetek elemzése történt meg 2005-2015 között, megyei és járási, illetve férfi-nő bontásban. Az egyenlőtlenség jellemzése különböző szempontok alapján kiválasztott egyenlőtlenségi mutatók alkalmazásával valósult meg. A szomszédsági hatás vizsgálata a területi autokorreláció módszerére épült, a térbeli hatás elemzése az ún. térbeli késleltetési modell (Spatial Autoregressive Lagged Model – SAR Lag) használatával történt. Eredmények: Az AMI halandósági adatai eloszlásának teljes terjedelmét figyelembe véve megállapítható, hogy az ország különböző részei között jelentős területi egyenlőtlenségek tapasztalhatók az infarktusos halálesetek előfordulásában. Az egyenlőtlenségek mértékét befolyásolta az idő, az adatok területi bontása, és a nemek szerinti megoszlás. Noha 2005 óta látványosan javult az infarktus okozta halálozás Magyarországon, a területi egyenlőtlenségek növekedtek, a nőknél kifejezettebben. Következtetések: Az AMI ellátásához való hozzáférés esélyeinek javításában a társadalmi-gazdasági befolyásoló tényezők – például egészségtudatosság, munkaerőpiaci pozíció – területi különbségeinek kiegyenlítése az egészségegyenlőtlenségek csökkenését eredményezhetik a jövőben. Az AMI-halandóságban tapasztalható területi egyenlőtlenségek növekedése felveti, hogy milyen társadalmi-gazdasági tényezők befolyásolják, illetve akadályozzák az AMI-ellátáshoz való hozzáférés esélyét. Ezek elemzésére ugyan a tanulmány nem tért ki, de kutatásuk indokolt helyi esettanulmányok segítségével. Szintén további elemzéseket igényel a nők AMI-halálozásában megfigyelhető egyenlőtlenség növekedése és a legutóbbi gazdasági válság hosszú távú társadalmi hatásai közötti összefüggések feltárása.
Estimation of quantities, metal concentrations in components and management of waste rechargeable lighting devices in Nigeria
Authors: Adie Gilbert U. , Onyebuenyi Izubundu Brown
Published: June 2021

Rechargeable lighting devices are used in Nigeria as alternative source of lighting due to epileptic power supply. They contain printed wiring board, battery and plastic casings containing heavy metals. This waste category is often neglected and disposed of with household garbage with concomitant deleterious consequences on environment. We estimated quantities, disposal methods and concentrations of selected metals in some components of 34 waste rechargeable lighting devices in Nigeria. Estimated quantities and disposal methods were carried out through online survey. Leached metals were prepared and analyzed using standard methods. Approximately 6000 tons/year of waste rechargeable lighting devices were estimated. An average life span of 9 months and 4 rechargeable lighting devices were estimated to be used per household in Nigeria. The commonest disposal method was with household garbage. Lead and copper contents on the boards and Pb in battery electrodes were far higher than permissible limits. All metals determined in plastic casings were within permissible limits. High lead and copper contents in some components makes waste rechargeable lighting devices to be regarded as hazardous materials and should be handled with care at disposal.
Smart City Decision Making System Based on Event-driven Platform
Authors: Saric Andrej , Zakarija Ivona , Batos Vedran , Krile Srecko
Published: June 2021

With the occurrence of rapid urbanization and intensive growth of different modes of transport, we face issues such as resource management, energy demand and lack of capacity due to overcrowding. To help with these issues we leverage technology and the Internet of Things (IoT) to develop smart cities. In this paper, we propose an innovative approach to development of new smart city event-driven platform with which we want to simplify data input, data transformation, and decision making processes. The platform uses events, labels and reliability factor to make decisions and trigger actions. This paper begins with an overview of the smart city framework and we review the characteristics of event-driven models. The event-driven platform is presented and discussed. The paper closes with our findings, suggestions, open issues, and future research possibilities.
Adaptation to intermittent hypoxia prevents the decrease in cerebral vascular density in rats with experimental Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Goryacheva A. V. , Barskov I. V. , Downey H. F. , Manukhina Eu. B.
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have reduced cerebral vascular density (VD), which impairs blood flow to neurons and may contribute to progression of AD. Earlier we showed that prior adaptation to intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IHH) prevented memory loss and degeneration of cortical neurons in rats with experimental AD (EAD). The aim of this study was to test if IHH might prevent EAD-induced vascular rarefaction in rats. Materials and methods. EAD was induced with bilateral injection of neurotoxic beta-amyloid peptide fragment (A) (25–35) into n. basalis magnocellularis. IHH was simulated at a 4,000 m altitude, for 4 hours a day, for 14 days. Brain blood vessels were stained by transcardiac infusion of Indian ink; brain sections were stained with 0.3 % cresyl violet by Nissle method. Vascular density was assessed in the cortex and hippocampus using the Infinity Analysis Software. Results. In the EAD rats, VD was significantly decreased in the hippocampus (13.3±0.9 vs 17.8±1.0 in field of view, FOV, p<0.03) and in the cortex (17.3±1.5 vs 22.3±1.3 in FOV, p<0.03). AIH increased VD in the hippocampus to 27.0±3.5 in FOV (p=0.01) and in cortex to 26.0±1.1 in FOV (p<0.03). In EAD+AIH rats, VD did not differ significantly from the control rats neither in the hippocampus, nor in the cortex. AIH may stimulate angiogenesis through hypoxia inducible factor-1α-mediated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and/or by increasing expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Conclusion. One of the mechanisms of AIH beneficial effect in AD-related neurodegeneration is preserving the capability for compensatory angiogenesis in brain.
Content of nitric oxide and copper in the olfactory bulbs of the rats brain after modeling of cerebral stroke and intranasal administration of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Andrianov V. V. , Kulchitsky V. A. , Yafarova G. G. , Tokalchik Yu. P. , Zamaro A. S. , Bazan L. V. , Bogodvid T. Kh. , Iyudin V. S. , Pashkevich S. G. , Dosina M. O. , Gainutdinov Kh. L.
Published: June 2021

Introduction. With a decrease in the oxygen content in the inhaled air, violations of the cerebral blood flow, brain ischemia occurs, which can end in an ischemic stroke. Aim. Comparative analysis of the intensity of nitric oxide (NO) production and the copper content in the olfactory bulb tissues of the brain of male Wistar rats after modeling an ischemic stroke. Materials and methods. Modeling of ischemic stroke by ligation at the bifurcation level of both common carotid arteries and measuring the content of NO and copper by EPR spectroscopy. Results. The relative changes in the number of NO-containing complexes and the copper content were estimated from the integrated signal intensity of the complexes (DETC)2-Fe2+-NO and (DETC)2- Cu. A significant decrease by 47 % after 1 and 57 % after 2 days, respectively, in the NO content in the olfactory bulb of the rat brain was found after the ischemia modeling. The level of NO production in rats that underwent ischemia simulation with simultaneous intranasal administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was also reduced by 51 % after 1 and 70 % after 2 days, respectively, after ischemia modeling. There was no significant difference in the NO content in the rats after ischemia modeling with simultaneous intranasal administration of MSCs compared to the ischemic rats. The copper content, which corresponds to the level of superoxide dismutase 1 and 3, in the rat’s olfactory bulb tended to increase after ischemia modeling and it persisted for two days of observation (an increase of 50 % in both cases). Intranasal administration of MSCs was accompanied by a significant increase in the Cu content (by 89 %) 1 day after the ischemia modeling, and 2 days later – by a decrease in its content by 36 % (compared to the control). In the control animals that were not subjected to surgical operations, no changes in the content of NO or copper were observed. Conclusion. The experiments showed a 2-fold decrease in the NO content in the olfactory bulb of the rat brain 1 and 2 days after the ischemia modeling, and demonstrated that the intranasal administration of MSCs did not affect the intensity of NO production on the 1st and 2nd days after the brain ischemia modeling, but was accompanied by an increase in the antioxidant protection of the nervous tissue one day after ischemia.
Does Profitability, Firm Size, and Investment Opportunity Set Affect Earnings Quality?
Authors: Khairina Rosyadah Budi Andriani, Mahfud Nurnajamuddin,
Published: June 2021

This paper examines the relative importance of firm size, investment opportunity set, and probability in predicting earnings quality. This study's research method involves using quantitative data. The purpose of this study is to analyze companies in Indonesia that publish financial reports and disseminate them on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The study population is the financial statements of manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sector that are listed on the IDX as many as 50 companies with purposive sampling technique so that it becomes 38 company financial reports with two years of data so that the total sample to 76 financial statement data. The data collected from the Indonesian stock exchange were analyzed by multiple regression using ordinary least squares with the Eviews software (V.11). The results of the study show that profitability, size, and investment opportunity are positively correlated with higher-quality earnings. Consequently, the company's profitability has a positive and significant effect on its financial performance, meaning that the more profitable a company, the stronger its earnings. Company size is positively affected by the earnings quality of a company, meaning that larger companies reward higher quality earnings. The investment opportunity set has a positive and significant effect on earnings quality, which means that earnings quality increases because more investors are interested in investing.
Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Batu Bara
Authors: Ullah Khan Humera Asad
Published: June 2021

This study aims to examine the effect of financial performance on firm value in the coal sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2017-2019. Financial performance in this study is represented by ROA (Return on Assets) and ROE (Return on Equity). Samples were taken using purposive sampling method, obtained 12 coal companies. The results of this study indicate that the ROA (Return on Asset) and ROE (Return on Equity) simultaneously have an effect on firm value. ROE (Return on Equity) partially affects firm value in the coal sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2019 period.
ЗДОРОВ’ЯЗБЕРЕЖУВАЛЬНА ТЕМАТИКА У ЗМІСТІ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ДИСЦИПЛІН ЗАГАЛЬНООСВІТНІХ ШКІЛ ПОЛЬЩІ В 1950–1970-Х РР.
Authors: Сливка Лариса
Published: June 2021

У 1950–1970 х рр. в загальноосвітніх школах Польщі здоров’язбережувальна тематика знаходила вияв у змісті низки навчальних дисциплін, у процесі реалізації авторських спецкурсів відповідного спрямування і під час годин класного керівника. У статті проаналізовано потенційні можливості у зазначеному контексті курсів “Фізичне виховання” і “Біологія”. Озвучено завдання фізичного виховання, які декларувалися в навчальній програмі цієї дисципліни   підтримання і примноження здоров’я, формування естетики постави і рухів, формування уявлень і знань про вплив фізичних вправ на тіло і психіку людини, ознайомлення з основними вимогами гігієни спорту тощо. Деталізовано змістове наповнення розділів “Біології”, присвячених питанням особистої і суспільної гігієни, профілактиці інфекційних захворювань і шкідливих звичок, т.ін.
МЕТОДИКА ГЕНЕАЛОГІЧНОГО ПОШУКУ У ЗАКЛАДАХ ЗАГАЛЬНОЇ СЕРЕДНЬОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Єгрешій Олег
Published: June 2021

У статті автор дає методичні поради учням середніх шкіл (ліцеїв) при написанні генеалогічних досліджень. Пропонується дітям розподілити свою працю на умовні етапи: збір матеріалу, його систематизація та репрезентація. Збір матеріалу автор розподіляє на підетапи: опитування родичів, роботу з наявними фотографіями та документами; пошук потрібної інформації в інтернет-просторі; роботу в бібліотеках і архівах. Надаються методичні рекомендації щодо систематизації зібраного матеріалу “по папках” та творенню електронних папок. Диференціюється робота над генеалогічним дослідженням: генеалогічний довідник, книга-родовід, генеалогічне дерево. Запропоновано прикладні рекомендації щодо написання кожної із цих моделей генеалогії.
Effect of salinity on seed germination of some tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) varieties
Authors: Adilu Getachew Shumye , Gebre Yohannes Gedamu
Published: June 2021

Salinity adversely affects 20-30% of the irrigated area in the world. Tomato is sensitive to salinity. It is one of the most severe abiotic factors of many agricultural crops and it becoming the main problem in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different salinity levels on the seed germination parameters of tomato varieties. It was laid out in a completely randomized design with three replicates. The treatment included four tomato varieties (Sirinka, Weyno, ARP D2, and Roma VF) and five salinity levels (1 dS m-1, 2 dS m-1, 3 dS m-1, 4 dS m-1, and control). Fifty seeds were placed in a Petri dish over a moistened germination paper for germination and seedlings and allowed to grow for 14 days. The germination rate, speed and energy of tomato seeds were significantly (p < 0.001) affected by the combined effect of variety and salinity. The shortest mean germination time, the highest mean germination rate, and the highest speed of germination were recorded in the ARP D2 variety in the control treatment. The lowest first and last days of germination, and the uncertainty of germination were recorded from ARP D2. However, an increase in the days of germination and in the uncertainty of germination, and a decrease in the germination index and total germination percentage trends were observed with increasing salinity levels. The highest level of salinity (4 dS m-1) affected the germination of tomato varieties. Among the four tested tomato varieties, ARP D2 and Roma VF were tolerant to salinity.
Investment multiplier as a risk generator for economic security of the Russian Federation
Authors: Eremin Vladimir Vladimirovich
Published: June 2021

The subject of this research is the risks generated by multiplicative processes that accompany private and public investment projects in the sphere of ensuring economic security of the country. The author examines the inflationary component of multiplicative processes, which can cause rise in the cost of the investment projects implemented in the sphere of economic security, up to their cancellation. Particular attention is given to multiplicative transfer of income gains from purposefully developed industries to adjacent or loosely related industries. Such a transfer boost the competition for resources between the industries and complicates the implementation of projects in the sphere of ensuring economic security. The following conclusions were made:   - The structure of the process of interaction between the investment multiplier and investment accelerator is self-similar, which simplifies its modeling;   - Multiplicative processes may generate risks in sphere of ensuring economic security of the country;   - In order to substantiate the need for implementing large investment projects, the consideration of generated multiplicative processes is required;   - Modeling and taking into account the multiplicative processes allows transforming them from a risk generator into an instrument that amplifies the steps of the government and private investors on ensuring economic security of the country.   The novelty of this research consists in the approach towards analyzing multiplicative process as a risk generator, which complicates the implementation of investment projects by shifting the impact upon the trajectory of their development.      
Da ferida linguística à ressignificação discursiva
Authors: Lourenço Júlia
Published: June 2021

Neste artigo, teceremos uma breve reflexão sobre como o conceito de ressignificação (PAVEAU, 2019; 2019a), calcado na Análise do discurso francesa, pode ser profícuo na compreensão de alguns aspectos do contexto político atual do Brasil, sobretudo relacionados à temática ampla do papel da mulher na sociedade e seu intrínseco laço com movimentos feministas digitais. Compreendemos que o ato de ressignificar está relacionado à inversão dos valores de formas específicas usadas para designar sujeitos, atos estes que podem ser percebidos como agressão, ofensa ou ferida linguística. A ressignificação é marcada por uma forte dimensão política, que se refere à possibilidade de resposta discursiva, de reafirmação de práticas de empoderamento (BERTH, 2018) e ao poder de ação (BUTLER, 2003) do sujeito ofendido e, afinal, da comunidade à qual eles/elas pertencem. Para este artigo analisamos a polêmica e consequente censura - por parte do Ministério da Mulher, Família e Direitos Humanos, do atual governo - de um livro infantil que abordava a temática das bruxas de forma lúdica, conforme o gênero literário no qual está inserido. Segundo a ministra da pasta, este material foi considerado demasiado subversivo, sobretudo em relação ao papel da mulher. Decorre deste fato a importância dos feminismos no Brasil atual, aqui analisado pontualmente a partir do processo de ressignificação do lexema bruxa.
Syrian Mass Migration in the 2015 EU Refugee Crisis: A Hybrid Threat or Chance for Implementing Migration Diplomacy?
Authors: İrdem İbrahim , Raychev Yavor
Published: June 2021

This article examines the use of coercive engineered migration as a hybrid threat during the 2015 EU refugee crisis. The authors argue that coercive engineered migration can be used as a threat by a state, even when it is not the source of outflows; that it is possible under conditions of an internal or external conflict in the state that is the source of migration; that a state-challenger would most probably be an authoritarian state that supports the government of the emigration state. The authors state that the sound action for Turkey and the EU in the conditions of a crisis that of 2015, would be to develop a migration diplomacy initiative that could contribute not only to a deal but to a sustainable, mutually beneficial solution for both parties.
Rising Violence Against Muslims in India Under Modi and BJP Rule
Authors: Werleman C.J.
Published: June 2021

While communal violence has been an ongoing and unfortunate reality for post-colonial and post-partition India, there’s no sidestepping the fact that attacks and hate crime incidences against the country’s Muslim minority by members of the Hindu majority have occurred in greater frequency and ferocity in the years since Prime Minister Narendra Modi, leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), came to power in 2014 –on the back of a Hindu nationalist agenda, one in which anti-Muslim animus and discrimination features in mainstream political discourse and government policy. These realities have brought Muslims to the brink of genocide in India and Kashmir.
Contemporary Experiences of Islamophobia in Today’s United Kingdom: Findings from Ten Small-scale Studies
Authors: Allen Chris
Published: June 2021

In today’s the United Kingdom, Islamophobia is as contested as it is real. Challenging this contestation, this article presents findings from ten small-scale, qualitative studies that seek to evidence and better understand the lived, tangible experience of Islamophobia in real-world spaces. To do so, this article briefly explores the development and incidence of Islamophobia in public and political spaces and how contestation has ensued. From here, the findings draw out how Muslims experience Islamophobia in their everyday lives, ranging from instances of verbal abuse through threats and intimidation to physical assault and violence. As part of this exploration, new insights are afforded into the role and impact of terrorist attacks on hate crimes, geopolitical and military conflicts, the content of Islamophobic abuse, and the rapidly changing nature of that, which shapes and informs tangible forms of Islamophobia. In doing so, this article concludes by contextualizing the realities of Islamophobia within the far from conducive public and political spaces of the UK. This article makes a timely contribution to and improves knowledge about Islamophobia in today’s UK.
Fenestration of intracranial neurenteric cyst: A case report
Authors: Ogulnick Jonathan V. , Kazim Syed Faraz , Carlson Andrew P. , Shah Smit , Dicpinigaitis Alis J. , SantaCruz Karen , Schmidt Meic H. , Bowers Christian A.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Neurenteric cysts are rare congenital lesions of endodermal origin which result from the failure of the neurenteric canal to close during embryogenesis. The majority of neurenteric cysts occur in the spinal cord, though in rare instances can occur intracranially, typically in the posterior fossa anterior to the pontomedullary junction (80%) or in the supratentorial region adjacent to the frontal lobes (20%).

Case Description:

We present the case of a 75-year-old woman with an extra-axial cystic lesion centered in the premedullary cistern causing brainstem compression. The lesion was later histopathologically confirmed to be a neurenteric cyst. She presented initially with a 4-month history of worsening headache, dizziness, and unsteady gait. We performed a left retrosigmoid craniotomy for cyst fenestration/biopsy with the aid of operating microscope and stealth neuronavigation. Following the procedure, the patient recovered without complications or residual deficits.

Conclusion:

This case illustrates the successful fenestration of an intracranial neurenteric cyst with good clinical outcome. We present the pre- and post-operative imaging findings, a technical video of the procedure, histopathological confirmation, and a brief review of the relevant clinical literature on the topic.
Endoscopic resection of a low-grade ependymoma of the pineal region
Authors: Schonauer Claudio , Jannelli Gianpaolo , Tessitore Enrico , May Adrien Thomas , Guatta Ramona , Bartoli Andrea
Published: June 2021

Background:

Full endoscopic resection of solid brain tumors represents a challenge for neurosurgeons. This can be achieved with modern technology and advanced surgical tools.

Case Description:

A 23-years-old male was referred to our unit with raised intracranial pressure. Head computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed obstructive hydrocephalus and a third ventricle lesion. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy and biopsy were performed, a left frontal external ventricular drain was left in place. A second-look surgery for endoscopic removal was planned. Decision to proceed with an endoscopic removal was supported by the following characteristics found during the first surgery: tumor exophytic, soft texture, scarce vascularity, and low-grade appearance. A rescue strategy for microscopic resection via transcallosal approach was decided. A straight trajectory to the tumor was planned with navigation. A further anterior left frontal burr-hole was performed, and the ventricular system was entered via the left frontal horn. Resection was carried out alternating laser for hemostasis and cutting, endoscopic ultrasonic aspirator, and endoscopic forceps for piecemeal resection. Laser hemostasis and cutting (1 Watt power at tip, continuous wave mode) were useful at the ventricular wall-tumor interface. Relevant landmarks guided the approach and the resection (foramen of Monro, mammillary bodies, aqueduct, pineal and suprapineal recess, and posterior commissure). The surgery was carried uneventfully. Histopathology confirmed a lowgrade ependymoma. Post-operative MRI showed residual tumor within the lower aqueduct. At 3 years follow-up, residual tumor is stable.

Conclusion:

In selected cases, endoscopic resection for third ventricular tumors is feasible and safe, and represents a valid alternative to microsurgical approaches.
Infratentorial abscess secondary to dermal sinus associated with dermoid cyst in children: Review of the literature and report of a rare case
Authors: Colamaria Antonio , Blagia Maria , Sacco Matteo , Iodice Savino , Carbone Francesco
Published: June 2021

Background:

Dermal sinus is usually located at either end of neural tube but most commonly lumbosacral. When occipital, it extends caudally and is mostly localized in the midline position or in the cavity of the fourth ventricle. It could communicate with the skin through a fistula with potential risk of deeper abscesses. Posterior fossa abscess secondary to dermal sinus associated with intracranial dermal cyst is an uncommon pathology.

Case Description:

A 24-month-old girl was admitted to our institution with a cutaneous fistula in the midline of the occipital region. Brain imaging showed an infratentorial intradiploic cyst with peripheral enhancement to contrast medium. The mass showed hyperintensity on T1-weighted sequences, with the lower signal on T2-weighted images. A suboccipital craniotomy was performed with evacuation of the abscess and excision of the capsule. Contextually a 3 cm whitish and encapsulated cystic mass with hair component was extracted. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of abscess associated with dermal cyst and dermal sinus. The patient condition improved and 15 days after excision, was discharged. The postoperative MRI showed total removal of the lesion. A 36-month follow-up highlighted no evidence of recurrence.

Conclusion:

Posterior fossa dermoid cyst should be considered in all children with a cutaneous fistula. Early neurosurgical treatment of these benign tumors should be performed to prevent the development of severe intracranial infection. Best results are associated with early diagnosis and complete removal of the abscess. The present work further reviews the few similar cases that have been reported in the literature confirming the need for future research.
Spinal intramedullary abscess due toCandida albicansin an immunocompetent patient: A rare case report
Authors: Raffa Paulo Eduardo Albuquerque Zito , Vencio Rafael Caiado Caixeta , Ponce Andre Costa Corral , Malamud Bruno Pricoli , Vencio Isabela Caiado , Pacheco Cesar Cozar , Costa Felipe D’Almeida , Franceschini Paulo Roberto , Medeiros Roger Thomaz Rotta , Aguiar Paulo Henrique Pires
Published: June 2021

Background:

A spinal intramedullary abscess is a rare clinical entity in which patients classically present with a subacute myelopathy and progressive paraplegia, sensory deficits, and/or bowel and bladder dysfunction. We report the second case of spinal intramedullary abscess caused byCandida albicansto ever be published and the first case of its kind to be surgically managed.

Case Description:

A 44-year-old female presented with severe lumbar pain associated with paraparesis, incontinence, and paraplegia. She reported multiple hospital admissions and had a history of seizures, having already undergone treatment for neurotuberculosis and fungal infection of the central nervous system unsuccessfully. Nevertheless, no laboratory evidence of immunosuppression was identified on further investigation. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a D10-D11, well-circumscribed, intramedullary mass within the conus, which was hypointense on T1-weighted imaging and hyperintense on T2/STIR weighted. The patient underwent surgery for removal and biopsy of the lesion, which provided the diagnosis of an intramedullary abscess caused byC. albicans, a very rare condition with only one case reported in literature so far.

Conclusion:

C. albicansintramedullary abscess is a very rare clinical entity, especially in immunocompetent patients. We highlightC. albicansas an important etiology that must be considered in differential diagnosis. Critical evaluation of every case, early diagnosis, timely referral and surgical management of the abscess is essential to improve neurological outcome.
The historic evolution of intracranial pressure and cerebrospinal fluid pulse pressure concepts: Two centuries of challenges
Authors: Rabelo Nicollas Nunes , da Silva Brito Josué , da Silva Jassiara Soares , de Souza Nicolli Bellotti , Coelho Giselle , Brasil Sérgio , Frigeri Gustavo
Published: June 2021

Background:

There is a consensus on the importance of monitoring intracranial pressure (ICP) during neurosurgery, and this monitoring reduces mortality during procedures. Current knowledge of ICP and cerebrospinal fluid pulse pressure has been built thanks to more than two centuries of research on brain dynamics.

Methods:

Articles and books were selected using the descriptors “ICP,” “cerebrospinal fluid pulse,” “monitoring,” “Monro-Kellie doctrine,” and “ICP waveform” in electronic databases PubMed, Lilacs, Science Direct, and EMBASE.

Results:

Several anatomists and physiologists have helped clarify the patterns of intracranial volumes under normal and pathological conditions. Monro-Kellie doctrine was an important step in a story that is reconstructed in this article. Through documentary research, we report the contribution of important medical figures, such as Monro, Kellie, Abercrombie, Burrows, Cushing, Langfitt, Marmarou, and other physiologists and anatomists who left their marks on the history of Medicine.

Conclusion:

Understanding intracranial dynamics is an unfinished historical construction. Current knowledge is the result of two centuries of research that began with the investigations of Alexander Monro secundus.
Pulsed reduced dose-rate radiotherapy for previously irradiated tumors in the brain and spine
Authors: Prabhu Arpan V. , Lee Madison , Galhardo Edvaldo , Newkirk Madison , Rodriguez Analiz , Xia Fen
Published: June 2021

Background:

Patients with unresectable locoregional cancer recurrences have limited management options. Reirradiation increases the risk of toxicity, particularly when perilesional dose-volume constraints are exceeded. We present and discuss two cases of previously irradiated tumors in the central nervous system (CNS) that was reirradiated using the pulsed reduced dose-rate radiotherapy (PRDR) technique.

Case Description:

A 58-year-old female with a history of metastatic small cell lung cancer to the brain status post multiple rounds of radiation and chemotherapy presented with increasing weakness in her right arm and leg. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a growly peripherally enhancing 1.2 cm mass in the left precentral gyrus that had previously received prophylactic cranial irradiation and stereotactic radiosurgery. The patient was re-irradiated with 35 Gy in 100 fractions over 3 weeks, using PRDR with improved motor function at 3-month follow-up. A 41-year-old male with recurrent glioblastoma of the thoracic spinal cord presented with worsening neurological symptoms, including inability to ambulate due to bilateral leg weakness, causing wheelchair use. MRI thoracic spine revealed a recurrent thoracic lesion 2.2 × 1 × 0.8 cm. In addition to chronic chemotherapy, the patient was retreated palliatively in the same area at 50 Gy in 250 fractions, over 6 weeks, using PRDR. The treated lesion was stable on follow-up imaging, and the patient was able to walk with the assistance of a walker.

Conclusion:

In our two cases, PRDR proved effective in the treatment of recurrent malignant CNS tumors that were previously irradiated. Prospective studies are needed to delineate the efficacy and toxicity of PRDR.
Imaging and leaks in peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Duquennoy Simon , Leduc Vincent , Podevin Emilie
Published: June 2021

Dialysate leaks are non-rare mechanical but dreaded complications in peritoneal dialysis (PD). They usually occur at the beginning of PD, with various clinical events depending on their location. Use of imaging tests such as computed tomography (CT) peritoneography, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) peritoneography, or scintigraphic peritoneography, can confirm the diagnosis and guide surgical intervention if needed. These simple, non-invasive, and accessible tests can be done in collaboration between the radiological et peritoneal teams. Depending on the leakage site, PD can be pursued with small volumes with a cycler. In other cases, it must be interrupted and the patient transferred to hemodialysis, in order to permit the peritoneal cavity to regain its integrity by cicatrization or with surgical intervention. Imaging can help to make sure peritoneal cavity has regained its integrity after this period of transition. Early leaks can be avoided by delaying PD start with by 14 days. Intraperitoneal pressure does not seem to contribute significantly. Prevention of PD leaks essentially depends on individual risk factors such as obesity or anterior abdominal surgeries. This article reviews the characteristics of dialysate leaks in PD and the imagery tests to limit transfer to hemodialysis.
O cinema como prática social: o gênero filme na formação crítico-reflexiva de professores de línguas
Authors: Pereira Lauro Sérgio Machado , Reis Maria da Glória Magalhães dos
Published: June 2021

A relevância pedagógica do cinema tem interessado a pesquisadores de diferentes campos das Ciências Humanas, o que reflete em pesquisas que enfocam a relação do cinema com a educação, o ensino-aprendizagem de línguas e a formação docente. Nesse sentido, com o propósito de contribuir com trabalhos já existentes, este artigo aborda a prática crítico-reflexiva na formação de professores de línguas e toma o filme como um gênero discursivo em potencial. A partir de postulados do dialogismo sociodiscursivo e da teoria de gêneros do discurso, investigamos como o filme pode ser aplicado Ã  formação de professores de línguas, suscitando reflexões críticas sobre a prática desses profissionais. Para tanto, o modelo de sequências didáticas se apresentou pertinente, de modo que elaboramos uma proposta com o filme O Substituto (2011) e a aplicamos em um curso temático orientado pela metodologia pesquisa-ação, no qual realizamos atividades como sessão de visionamento do filme, discussões temáticas dialogadas com textos teóricos e uma entrevista focalizada. Na discussão dos dados, indicamos que as sequências didáticas são produtivas para o trabalho com filmes enquanto recurso pedagógico, visto que possibilitaram o engajamento efetivo das participantes nas reflexões.
Letramento em avaliação para professores de línguas estrangeiras para crianças: orientações teórico-práticas
Authors: Moraes Isadora Teixeira , Batista Estogildo Gledson
Published: June 2021

As pesquisas no ensino-aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras para crianças vêm crescendo paulatinamente (SANTOS, 2009; TONELLI; CRISTOVÃO, 2010). No que concerne ao papel da avaliação nesse contexto, no entanto, ainda há muitas lacunas a serem preenchidas, não só pela falta de preparo de professores de línguas no ensino para crianças, mas também pelo desconhecimento do papel da avaliação como integradora do processo de ensino-aprendizagem (SCARAMUCCI, 2006). Assim, este trabalho tece considerações sobre as características do letramento em avaliação (STIGGINS, 1991) em contextos de línguas estrangeiras (INBAR-LOURIE, 2008a; QUEVEDO-CAMARGO; SCARAMUCCI, 2018) para professores de crianças. Além de conhecimentos sobre avaliação e sobre língua(gem), esse professor precisa entender os níveis de desenvolvimento da criança (McKAY, 2006), pois essas diferenças moldam a forma como a criança é ensinada e, portanto, avaliada. São esses conhecimentos distintos que definem o letramento em avaliação para professores de línguas estrangeiras para crianças, nossa proposta de alteração e expansão do conceito anterior. Ademais, fazemos sugestões de atividades de avaliação para ilustrar essa perspectiva. Cientes do poder da avaliação (SHOHAMY, 2001), esperamos que nosso trabalho contribua para a percepção desse letramento como ferramenta de mudança na(s) cultura(s) de avaliar (INBAR-LOURIE, 2008b) e, consequentemente, de transformação educacional.