bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adolescent and Adult Mass Shooters
Authors: Mallett Christopher A.
Published: September 2019

Understanding why people commit mass shootings in the United States is perplexing and discerning perpetrators' motivations is difficult because there have been a fairly limited number of shootings. In addition, there is incomplete research on mitigating historical evidence about the perpetrators. Thus, this chapter takes a broader approach to understanding why these shootings may have happened by reviewing the empirical literature to identify possible correlations from childhood and adolescent trauma experiences (and subsequent mental health problems) to later adult violence. This review supports a hypothesis that these experiences are potential links to explaining mass shooting outcomes. The trauma experiences that are identified to be most impactful include maltreatment, poverty, witnessing violence, domestic violence, deaths (violent and non-violent) of family and friends, and adolescent bullying.
Violent Video Games as Scapegoat After School Shootings in the United States
Authors: Copenhaver Allen
Published: September 2019

The United States has a well-documented history of violence. School shootings are a contemporary social problem which raise much concern, as children and young adults are killed on school grounds. After such tragic events there is public debate as to what causes such horrible events to occur. When looking for a source of such shootings, violent video games are often named as a source of such unconscionable violence. However, it is argued here that blaming violent video games constitutes a moral panic when violent video games are unfairly scapegoated as the source of school shootings. This chapter also points to other sources of violence which may be identified as potential causes of school shootings once the scapegoating of violent video games is acknowledged.
The Role of Teachers and School Leaders in Mass Shootings and Multiple Victim Violence
Authors: Lucas Kweilin T. , Lamphere Renee D.
Published: September 2019

There is an increased concern for school violence, particularly instances of mass shootings, which has led researchers to respond by examining both the causes and consequences of this behavior. What is often missing from the discussion on mass shootings in school settings, however, is the role of teachers and school leaders. Because these individuals are on the front line when school shootings occur, their ability to influence and enforce school policies must be taken into consideration. The mission of this chapter is to provide an overview of the vital role that teachers and school leaders play in mass shootings and incidents of multiple victim violence. This chapter is essential for any text exploring the issues surrounding mass shootings in school settings.
Entrepreneurship Micro-Ecosystems in Practice
Authors: Rehák Ján , Bueckmann Diegoli Rafaela , Rodríguez Montes Miguel Angel
Published: September 2019

This chapter addresses the role of university campuses as potentializer of the impact of entrepreneurship on regional entrepreneurship ecosystem. The authors define the role and structure of entrepreneurial micro-ecosystems at a university level based on the body of knowledge focused on entrepreneurial and university ecosystems. Based on a specific case of Tecnológico de Monterrey in Querétaro, Mexico, authors construct a three-layer framework for a better understanding of the entrepreneurial micro-ecosystems and its internal and external interactions. Specifically, authors argue that the entrepreneurial micro-ecosystems are endemic to university campuses, and evolve at any type of entrepreneurship-focused university. On the other hand, these micro-ecosystems are scarcely recognized and managed. The authors believe that when they are accounted for and fostered, they generate an exponential effect both for entrepreneurs at the campus as well as for the regional entrepreneurial ecosystem and development.
The Role of University as Institutional Entrepreneur in Regional Innovation System
Authors: Cai Yuzhuo , Liu Cui
Published: September 2019

Recent literature has moved from a primarily economic perspective to awareness of the institutional role of a university in a regional innovation system. This chapter contributes to the scholarly discussions by combining the theories of institutional entrepreneurship and institutional logics to provide an analytical framework for understanding how universities can support institutional change in a regional innovation system. In particular, the authors consider the university as an institutional entrepreneur that not only initiates diverse changes in the institutional environment, but also actively participates in the implementation of such changes. The analytical framework is used to analyse the case of Tongji University in a regional innovation system in Shanghai, China.
Economic Contribution of University Spin-Off
Authors: Román-Martínez Isabel , Gómez-Miranda María Elena , García-Muñoz Teresa
Published: September 2019

University spin-offs (USOs) are drawing increasing interest among both academic and institutions, given their potential contribution in the economic development. In order to obtain empirical evidence about the impact of Spanish USOs, this chapter analyses the population identified in 2013, revealing a limited impact in the business fabric, into job creation and to generating wealth, but major differences among regions. To identify which factors are related to a greater or lesser impact of USO in the regions they are located, the authors apply a logistic regression data panel for the 2012-2015 period. The results show that some traits of USOs and their parent universities determine a greater number of employees, but the particularities of the environment in which they operate, only affect to USOs belonging to the ITC sector. The findings could support public institutions about the types of policies should be promoted to improve the economic contribution of USOs.
Improving Interhospital Medical Patient Transportation in Morocco
Authors: Frichi Youness , Ben Kacem Abderrahmane , Jawab Fouad , Kamach Oualid , Chafik Samir
Published: September 2019

Healthcare facilities are nowadays facing several challenges in terms of quality of care, costs, and performance. Collaboration with stakeholders is a promising way to overcome these challenges. In Morocco, healthcare access and continuity of care remain difficult due, among others, to the various stakeholders involved and the lack of ambulances for extra-hospital and interhospital medical patient transportation (MPT). In this chapter, the aim was to explore collaboration in healthcare supply chain to improve the availability of ambulances for interhospital MPT (transfers). For this purpose, an overview of the MPT system in Morocco was presented while highlighting its main issues. Then, a case study of three hospitals in Casablanca City was analyzed employing a collaborative approach. It consisted in forecasting transfer requests for next periods based on past data, and redistributing the ambulances of the three hospitals according to the forecasts. Findings attest to the variability in demand in the three hospitals and therefore the need for a dynamic allocation of ambulances.
A Semi-Active Controller for an Aircraft Landing Gear Equipped with Magnetorheological Damper
Authors: Viet Luong Quoc , Hwang Jai Hyuk
Published: September 2019

The magnetorheological (MR) damper is the newest approach to replace the traditional passive damper which cannot change their dynamics in response to different operating conditions of the aircraft landing gear. This paper presents the simulation study of a semi-active controller for a landing gear equipped MR damper. Furthermore, a new method combined skyhook control with force control, called hybrid control, is developed to improve the performance of the MR damper landing gear. Finally, the numerical simulation result of the landing gear using SIMSCAPE-Simulink is discussed.
Providing updated guidelines for the management of rheumatic diseases in Italy with the ADAPTE methodology: a project by the Italian Society for Rheumatology
Authors: Manara M. , Ughi N. , Ariani A. , Bortoluzzi A. , Parisi S. , Prevete I. , Carrara G. , Zanetti A. , Rumi F. , Scirè C.A.
Published: September 2019

Not available
The Italian Society for Rheumatology clinical practice guidelines for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Parisi S. , Bortoluzzi A. , Sebastiani G.D. , Conti F. , Caporali R. , Ughi N. , Prevete I. , Ariani A. , Manara M. , Carrara G. , Scirè C.A.
Published: September 2019

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder characterised by chronic joint inflammation, leading to functional disability and increased risk of premature death. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are expected to play a key role in improving management of RA, across the different phases of the disease course. Since new evidence has become available, the Italian Society for Rheumatology (SIR) has been prompted to update the 2011 recommendations on management of RA. The framework of the Guidelines International Network Adaptation Working Group was adopted to identify, appraise (AGREE II), synthesize, and customize the existing RA CPGs to the Italian healthcare context. The task force consisting of rheumatologists from the SIR Epidemiology Research Unit and a committee with experience in RA identified key health questions to guide a systematic literature review. The target audience includes physicians and health professionals who manage RA in practice, and the target population includes adult patients diagnosed as having RA. An external multi-disciplinary committee rated the final version of the CPGs. From the systematic search in databases (Medline, Embase) and grey literature, 6 CPGs were selected and appraised by two independent raters. Combining evidence and statements from these CPGs and clinical expertise, 8 (Management) +6 (Safety) recommendations were developed and graded according to the level of evidence. The statements and potential impact on clinical practice were discussed and assessed. These revised recommendations are intended to provide guidance for the management of RA and to disseminate the best evidence-based clinical practices for this disease.
Factors that relate to sport participation of adolescents with a mobility impairment
Authors: Moll Aletta M. , Bester Garfield
Published: September 2019

Background: There are multiple factors that make it difficult for learners with a mobility impairment to participate in sport, if not impossible. Unfortunately, it is not known which of these factors can be considered as the most important ones.Objectives: The main objective was to obtain clarity on the factors that differentiate best between learners who participate in sport and those learners who are not participating.Method: In total, 140 boys and girls with different types of mobility impairments participated. Information was obtained on inevitable factors such as age and gender, structure factors such as type of school and hostel dwelling and personal factors such as emotions and relationships with parents and peers.Results: Four factors emerged that explained 22% of the variance in the distinctive characteristics of the group that participates in sport and the non-participating group. Age was the most important variable explaining 9% of the variance followed by trust (an emotional variable), gender and health.Conclusion: Children with a mobility impairment should be encouraged to start participating in sport at an early age. Specific attention should be given to girls who are more reluctant to participate. Health is a factor that can inhibit sports participation; however, it should not be overemphasised. The emphasis should rather be on the development of trust, which will help adolescents with an impairment to take responsible risks in an adaptive sports environment.
Factors and effects of work-related stress and burnout on the well-being of social workers in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa
Authors: Kheswa Jabulani G.
Published: September 2019

Orientation:Work-related stress and burnout among social workers are on the rise because of extensive workload, job dissatisfaction and exposure to traumatic situations. Therefore, one should determine how they impact the well-being.Research purpose: This study determined the factors and effects of work-related stress and burnout on the well-being of social workers.Motivation for the study: An alarming number of social workers show no compassion towards the clients owing to burnout. Therefore, more research is needed for social workers to enhance their purpose and work engagement.Research approach/design and method: This qualitative study was designed from an interpretivist perspective. Fourteen social workers, aged 35–59 years, from two Department of Social Development and Welfare offices (Alice and King Williams Town) selected through purposive sampling participated in the study. Data were gathered by means of focus group interviews and grounded theory was applied for data analysis.Main findings: The study results confirmed that social workers attributed their work-related stress to lack of resources such as transport, computers and inadequate emotional support from their supervisors. Thus, they demonstrated impaired personal strength and poor human relations.Practical/managerial implications: To achieve commitment and optimism, there should be recruitment of new staff and salary increase for social workers.Contribution/value-add: The study results should provide coping strategies for social workers when faced with secondary traumatic stress.
Robust point set registration method based on global structure and local constraints
Authors: Yang Kai , Chen Yufei , Zhang Haotian , Liu Xianhui , Zhao Weidong
Published: September 2019

Background and Objectives:

Point set registration is a very fundamental problem in computer vision. The registration problem can be divided into rigid and nonrigid registration. The transformation function modeling of rigid registration is simpler, whereas the nonrigid registration is better to solve the practical problems.

Materials and Methods:

We proposed a robust point set registration method using both global and local structures. Here, we use a popular probability model, Gaussian mixture model, to preserve the global structure of point set. Then, we designed a local constraint provided by some neighboring points to maintain the local structure of the point set. Finally, expectation-maximization algorithm is used to update model parameters in our method.

Results:

First of all, we carried out experiments on the synthesized data, which included four degradation cases: deformation, noise, outlier, and rotation. By comparing the mean and standard deviation of registration errors with the several state-of-the-art methods, our method was proved to have stronger robustness. Then, we conducted experiments on real retinal fundus images, aiming to establish reliable feature point correspondence between the two images. The experimental results show that we perform better when the two images have larger shooting angles and more noises.

Conclusions:

The Gaussian mixture protects the global structure of the point set, and the local constraints make full use of the local structure, which makes our method more robust. Experiments on synthetic data prove that our method obtains superior results to those of the state-of-the-art methods. Experiments on retinal image data show that our method also performs very well in practical applications.
Local Gauss multiplicative components method for brain magnetic resonance image segmentation
Authors: Cheng Jie , Yin Haiqing , Jiang Lingling , Zheng Junyu , Wei Su
Published: September 2019

Background and Objectives:

In magnetic resonance (MR) images’ quantitative analysis, there are often considerable difficulties due to factors, such as intensity inhomogeneities and low contrast. Here, we construct a new image segmentation method to solve the MR image segmentation problem caused by internal and external factors.

Materials and Methods:

We downloaded a series of MR images as research objects through the BrainWeb (http://www.bic.mni.mcgill.ca/brainweb/). There is low contrast information between different components in these images. In addition, we randomly added a certain degree of bias field information to the images. We proposed a model that can simultaneously perform bias field estimation and image segmentation. Our idea is to make use of the property that observed image can be decomposed into multiplicative components. First, the bias field representation is given by a series of smooth basic functions; the required true image is represented as the function of observed image and bias field. Then, the segmentation model of Gaussian probability distribution with different means and variances is constructed by local information.

Results:

Qualitative experiments (intensity inhomogeneity images) show that our model achieves satisfactory segmentation results with very few (<10) iterations for severe intensity inhomogeneities image segmentation, while quantitative experiments (20 brain MR images) show that the proposed model can achieve higher accuracy in segmentation.

Conclusions:

Different from the existing model, our model is constructed based on the local information of the true image, and the influence of above-mentioned factors is better avoided and obtain satisfactory results.
Дискретный спектр оператора Лапласа на фундаментальной области модулярной группы и пси-функция Чебышeва
Authors: Popov Dmitrii Aleksandrovich
Published: September 2019

Получена явная формула, выражающая пси-функцию Чебышeва через дискретный спектр оператора Лапласа на фундаментальной области модулярной группы.
Библиография: 16 наименований.
Leveraging Technology to Manage Chagas Disease by Tracking Domestic and Sylvatic Animal Hosts as Sentinels: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kruse Clemens Scott , Guerra David A. , Gelillo-Smith Raena , Vargas Amber , Krishnan Laavanya , Stigler-Granados Paula
Published: September 2019

Surveillance of Chagas in the United States show more is known about prevalence in animals and vectors than in humans. Leveraging health information technology (HIT) may augment surveillance efforts for Chagas disease (CD), given its ability to disseminate information through health information exchanges (HIE) and geographical information systems (GISs). This systematic review seeks to determine whether technological tracking of Trypanosoma cruzi–infected domestic and/or sylvatic animals as sentinels can serve as a potential surveillance resource to manage CD in the southern United States. A Boolean search string was used in PubMed and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). Relevance of results was established and analysis of articles was performed by multiple reviewers. The overall Cohen statistic was 0.73, demonstrating moderate agreement among the study team. Four major themes were derived for this systematic review (n = 41): animals act as reservoir hosts to perpetuate CD, transmission to humans could be dependent on cohabitation proximity, variations in T. cruzi genotypes could lead to different clinical manifestations, and leveraging technology to track T. cruzi in domestic animals could reveal prevalent areas or “danger zones.” Overall, our systematic review identified that HIT can serve as a surveillance tool to manage CD. Health information technology can serve as a surveillance tool to manage CD. This can be accomplished by tracking domestic and/or sylvatic animals as sentinels within a GIS. Information can be disseminated through HIE for use by clinicians and public health officials to reach at-risk populations.
Coinfection of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome and Scrub Typhus in Patients with Tick-Borne Illness
Authors: Ra Sang Hyun , Kim Ji Yeun , Cha Hye Hee , Kwon Ji-Soo , Lee Hyun-Jung , Jeon Na Young , Kim Min Jae , Chong Yong Pil , Lee Sang-Oh , Choi Sang-Ho , Kim Yang Soo , Woo Jun Hee , Kim Sung-Han
Published: September 2019

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) and scrub typhus are the most common tick-borne diseases in South Korea. However, few studies have systematically examined the simultaneous presence of the two diseases. We found that two (4.9%) of 41 patients with suspected and confirmed SFTS had evidence of coinfection with scrub typhus. In addition, two (3.6%) of 55 suspected and confirmed scrub typhus patients were identified to have coinfection with SFTS. Our data suggest that diagnostic evaluation for coinfection in patients with tick-borne illness and empirical doxycycline treatment in patients with SFTS may be warranted in areas endemic for both diseases until coinfection with scrub typhus is ruled out.
Detection of Plasmodium falciparum by Light Microscopy, Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification, and Polymerase Chain Reaction on Day 3 after Initiation of Artemether–Lumefantrine Treatment for Uncomplicated Malaria in Bagamoyo District, Tanzania: A Comparative Trial
Authors: Mhamilawa Lwidiko E. , Aydin-Schmidt Berit , Mmbando Bruno P. , Ngasala Billy , Morris Ulrika
Published: September 2019

Microscopy-determined Plasmodium falciparum positivity rates exceeding 10% on day 3 after initiation of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is an important indicator of artemisinin resistance. However, microscopy does not detect low-density parasitemia, contrary to molecular tools such as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We compared microscopy, LAMP, and PCR for detection of P. falciparum on day 3 after ACT in 256 patients with uncomplicated malaria in Bagamoyo District, Tanzania. Day 3 positivity rates were 0%, 84.8%, and 84.4% for each method, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of LAMP against PCR was 100% (95% CI, 96.1–100) and 77.4% (95% CI, 58.9–90.4) when quantitative PCR-determined parasite densities were ≥ two parasites/µL. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification had comparable diagnostic accuracy to PCR and could potentially represent a field-friendly tool for determining day 3 positivity rates. However, what day 3 P. falciparum positivity determined using molecular methods represents needs to be further elucidated.
Mannose-Binding Lectin and Mannose-Binding Lectin-Associated Serine Protease-2 Genotypes and Serum Levels in Patients with Sporotrichosis
Authors: Bao Fangfang , Fu Xi’an , Yu Gongqi , Wang Zhenzhen , Liu Hong , Zhang Furen
Published: September 2019

Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and MBL-associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2) are important proteins in the lectin pathway of the immune system. Mannose-binding lectin and MASP-2 deficiencies have been reported to be responsible for various fungal infections. We investigated the association of MBL and MASP-2 variants with sporotrichosis in a Chinese population and revealed one rare heterozygous mutation in a disseminated cutaneous patient without immunosuppressive conditions (MASP2, p.156_159dupCHNH). We also found that sporotrichosis patients had decreased levels of MBL and MASP-2 in their serum samples compared with controls. Our findings linked, for the first time, MASP-2 deficiencies with susceptibility to Sporothrix sp.
A Validity Study of COMLEX-USA Level 2-CE and COMAT Clinical Subjects: Concurrent and Predictive Evidence
Authors: Hudson Kimberly M. , Tsai Tsung-Hsun , Finch Charles , Dickerman Joel L. , Liu Silu , Shen Ling
Published: September 2019

Background

The Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensure Examination (COMLEX-USA) Level 2–Cognitive Examination (CE) and the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Achievement Test (COMAT) are administered to similar populations (third- and fourth-year osteopathic students) at similar points in time. Examining the relationship between scores on the 2 assessments that measure similar constructs ultimately supports the validity of both.

Objective

The purpose of this study is to provide empirical evidence of the concurrent and predictive validity of COMAT and COMLEX-USA Level 2-CE.

Methods

In 2018, first-attempt scores on Level 2-CE were aggregated from June 2015 to May 2018 and matched with first-attempt scores on each COMAT clinical subject. We conducted correlational analyses between performance on COMAT and Level 2-CE, and COMAT scores and Level 2-CE discipline subscores. Additionally, we used multivariate regression to analyze the predictive relationship between performance on all COMAT clinical subjects and Level 2-CE.

Results

The results from correlational analyses indicated statistically significant, positive associations between COMAT and Level 2-CE scores (r = 0.49–0.68, P < .0001), and statistically significant, but slightly weaker relationships between COMAT scores and Level 2-CE discipline subscores (r = 0.31–0.60, P < .0001). Furthermore, results from the multiple regression indicated that scores on COMAT explained 68% of the variance in Level 2-CE scores, and that COMAT internal medicine and emergency medicine were weighted more heavily than other specialties.

Conclusions

The findings from this study can inform assessment practices by supporting the use of COMAT for osteopathic medical schools that do not administer COMAT.
Reducción de la impedancia de salida en inversores monofásicos para UPS con multi-lazo convencional y plug-in repetitivo
Authors: Astrada Juan , De Angelo Cristian
Published: September 2019

En este trabajo se propone una metodología de diseño del sistema de control de un inversor monofásico para aplicaciones en UPS, que permite cumplir con las exigencias de desempeño de las normas internacionales de calidad de energía IEC62040-3 e IEC61000-2-2. El sistema de control consta de un multi-lazo convencional con controladores del tipo Proporcional-Integral-Derivativo y un Controlador Repetitivo en configuración plug-in con multi-rate (MR-OHRC). La propuesta constituye una metodología de diseño del multi-lazo convencional con la que se reduce la impedancia de salida del inversor y complementa el desempeño del MR-OHRC. De este modo se atenúan las variaciones en la tensión de salida como resultado de perturbaciones producidas por cambios súbitos en la corriente de carga y la alimentación de cargas no lineales. Esta estrategia permite además superar las limitaciones de respuesta dinámica y reducir el tiempo de establecimiento del MR-OHRC. La validez de la propuesta se analiza considerando las exigencias de normas internacionales de calidad de energía en relación a la respuesta dinámica, contenido armónico individual y distorsión armónica, en un prototipo experimental de 2kVA.
Modelado y control de turbinas eólicas marinas flotantes
Authors: Tomás-Rodríguez M. , Santos M.
Published: September 2019

En este tutorial se aborda el tema del modelado y control de las turbinas eólicas marinas flotantes. En primer lugar se describen estos sistemas de extracción de energía eólica que están situados en alta mar, en aguas profundas, y se comentan algunas aproximaciones a su modelado. El control de potencia de estas turbinas es presentado con detalle, explicando los distintos tipos de control que buscan maximizar la obtención de energía. Se resalta el problema de la inducción de dinámicas inestables en la plataforma flotante debido al control del rotor del aerogenerador, una dificultad que no aparece en otros tipos de turbinas. La reducción de las vibraciones mediante estrategias de control estructural se ilustra con un ejemplo, usando un dispositivo pasivo que es complementado con un mecanismo denominado inerter, mostrando con resultados de simulación cómo se consiguen eliminar las oscilaciones de la turbina flotante. Este ejemplo está basado en resultados preliminares obtenidos en la investigación que llevan a cabo los autores de este tutorial.
Licenciados e licenciadas em Ciências Sociais na UFSC: Experiências, sentidos e trajetórias
Authors: Bonaldi Eduardo Vilar
Published: September 2019

Este artigo busca abordar e reconstruir trajetórias sociais, educacionais e acadêmicas de licenciados e licenciadas no curso de Ciências Sociais da UFSC, partindo de um material de 12 entrevistas em profundidade com egressos do curso durante os anos 2000. Primeiramente, abordamos as diferen- ças quanto à dinâmica de “escolha” da licenciatura em Ciências Sociais entre entrevistados de diferentes origens socioeconômicas, atentando, conforme aponta a literatura, tanto para os “reajus- tamentos de expectativas” que podem conduzir a carreiras de menor prestígio social quanto para experiências de socialização singulares que inculcam, em alguns dos entrevistados, propensões e interesses específicos por nossa carreira. Posteriormente, discutimos algumas questões que foram indistintamente tematizadas por diferentes perfis socioculturais de entrevistados, entre elas, por exemplo, a temática dos “ganhos não materiais” que os entrevistados associam recorrentemente à formação em Ciências Sociais, a despeito das dificuldades de profissionalização reiteradamente afirmadas por eles.
O Ensino de Sociologia no Uruguai: uma análise a partir das narrativas dos professores
Authors: Oliveira Amurabi
Published: September 2019

Este trabalho examina o ensino de Sociologia no Uruguai considerando tanto as peculiaridades em termos de sistema educativo, como também, e principalmente, as avaliações realizadas por pro- fessores de Sociologia. Metodologicamente o trabalho baseia-se em entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas em Montevidéu, com ênfase nas trajetórias dos agentes e em suas disposições sociais incorporadas. Observa-se que os professores uruguaios consolidam uma identidade docente ainda em sua formação inicial; porém, há um evidente recorte geracional entre aqueles que realizaram a formação antes e depois de 2008. Também foi encontrada como característica uma forte posição “antimanualista” dos professores de sociologia uruguaios, reforçada pela tendência de combina- rem diferentes metodologias de ensino em suas práticas.
Revisitando o Museu Nacional e a história da Antropologia no Brasil pelas mãos de Heloísa Alberto Torres
Authors: Ribeiro Adelia Miglievich Miglievich
Published: September 2019

O artigo destaca o protagonismo de Heloísa Alberto Torres (1895-1977) no campo da ciência e da cultura no Brasil, como antropóloga e diretora do Museu Nacional, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, instituição guardiã dos maiores acervos em História Natural e Antropologia. A análise de sua traje- tória permite a reconstrução dos “círculos sociais” (SIMMEL, 1939), em seus entrecruzamentos e tensões, que possibilitaram, na era Vargas, a formação de importantes instituições brasileiras com- prometidas com a construção da identidade nacional. Em uma especial “estrutura de sentimentos” (WILLIAMS, 2011), marcada pelo positivismo e pela indissociabilidade entre progresso científico e soberania nacional, Heloísa Alberto Torres compõe uma geração a valorizar as riquezas naturais e as culturas primordiais como um projeto do campo antropológico em seus inícios. A visibilidade à excepcional trajetória da cientista pretende ainda fazer justiça àquelas mulheres que atuaram na ciência e na vida pública, em cargos de mando, em um tempo em que tais arenas ainda eram exclusivamente masculinas. Por fim, conclui-se pela prevalência da dinâmica da vida social e das transformações históricas sobre a aparência de imobilismo das instituições de modo que, mesmo em cenários os mais hostis, é possível identificar as emergências que mantêm viva a esperança.
Increasing the spatial resolution of cloud property retrievals from Meteosat SEVIRI by use of its high–resolution visible channel: Evaluation of candidate approaches with MODIS observations
Authors: Werner Frank , Deneke Hartwig
Published: September 2019

Abstract. This study presents and evaluates several candidate approaches for downscaling observations from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) in order to increase the horizontal resolution of subsequent cloud optical thickness (τ) and effective droplet radius (reff) retrievals from the native 3 × 3 km2 spatial resolution of the narrowband channels to 1 × 1 km2. These methods make use of SEVIRI’s coincident broadband high–resolution visible (HRV) channel. For four example cloud fields, the reliability of each downscaling algorithm is evaluated by means of collocated 1 × 1 km2 MODIS radiances, which are re-projected to the horizontal grid of the HRV channel, and serve as reference for the evaluation. By using these radiances smoothed with the spatial response function of the native SEVIRI channels as retrieval input, the accuracy at the SEVIRI standard resolution can be evaluated and an objective comparison of the accuracy of the different downscaling algorithms can be made. For the example scenes considered in this study, it is shown that neglecting high-frequency variations below the SEVIRI standard resolution results in significant random absolute deviations of the retrieved τ and reff of up to ≈ 14 and ≈ 6 μm, respectively, as well as biases. By error propagation, this also negatively impacts the reliability of the subsequent calculation of liquid water path (WL) and cloud droplet number concentration (ND), which exhibit deviations of up to ≈ 89 g m−2 and ≈ 177 cm−3, respectively. For τ, these deviations can be almost completely mitigated by the use of the HRV channel as a physical constraint, and by applying most of the presented downscaling schemes. For the accuracy of reff,the choice of downscaling scheme however is important: deviations are generally of similar magnitude or larger than those for retrievals at the SEVIRI standard resolution, indicative of their limited skill at predicting high–frequency spatial variability in reff. A strong degradation of accuracy of reff is observed for some of the approaches, which also affects subsequent WL and ND estimates. As a result, an approach which constrains the reff to the lower–resolution results is recommended. Overall, this study demonstrates that an increase in horizontal resolution of SEVIRI cloud property retrievals can be reliably achieved by use of its HRV channel, yielding cloud properties which are preferable in terms of accuracy to those obtained from SEVIRI’s standard-resolution. This work advances efforts to mitigate impacts of scale mismatches among channels of multi–resolution instruments on cloud retrievals.
On the role of operational dynamics in biogeochemical efficiency of a soil aquifer treatment system
Authors: Ben Moshe Shany , Weisbrod Noam , Barquero Felix , Sallwey Jana , Orgad Ofri , Furman Alex
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Sustainable irrigation with treated wastewater (TWW) is a promising solution for water scarcity in arid and semi-arid regions. Soil aquifer treatment (SAT) provides a solution for both the need for tertiary treatment and seasonal storage of wastewater. Stresses over land use and the need to control the obtained water quality makes the optimization of SAT of great importance. This study looks into the influence of SAT systems' operational dynamics (i.e. flooding and drying periods) as well as some aspects of the inflow biochemical composition on their bio-geo-chemical state and the ultimate outflow quality. A series of four long-column experiments was conducted, aiming to examine the effect of different flooding/drying period ratios on dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and outflow composition. Flooding periods were kept constant at 60 minutes for all experiments while drying periods (DP) were 2.5 and 4 times the duration of the flooding periods. Our results show that the longer DP had a significant advantage over the shorter periods in terms of DO concentrations and ORP in the upper parts of the column as well as in the deeper parts, which indicates that larger volumes of the profile were able to maintain aerobic conditions. This advantage was evident also in outflow composition analyses that showed significantly lower concentrations of DOC, TKN and ammonium in the outflow for the longer DP. Comparing experimental ORP values in response to different DP to field measurements obtained in one of the SAT ponds of the SHAFDAN, Israel, we found that despite the major scale differences between the experimental 1D system and the field 3D conditions, ORP trends in response to changes in DP, qualitatively match. We conclude that longer DP not only ensure oxidizing conditions close to the surface, but also enlarge the active (oxidizing) region of the SAT. While those results still need to be verified in full scale, they suggest that SAT can be treated as a pseudo-reactor that to a great extent could be manipulated hydraulically to achieve the desired water quality while increasing the recharge volumes.
AUTOMATIC 2D MODELLING OF INNER ROOF PLANES BOUNDARIES STARTING FROM LIDAR DATA
Authors: Tarsha Kurdi F. , Awrangjeb M. , Munir N.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Despite the large quantity of researches and publications achieved during the last three decades about 3D building modelling by using Lidar data, the question of inner roof plane boundaries modelling needs to be more extracted in detail. This paper focuses on detection and 2D modelling of building inner roof plane boundaries. This operation presents an imperative junction between roof planes detection and 3D building model generation. Therefore, it presents key procedure in data driven approaches. For achieving this purpose, roof boundaries are classified in four categories: outer building boundaries, inner roof plane boundaries, roof details (chimneys and windows) boundaries and boundaries related to non-detectable roof details. This paper concentrates on detection and modelling of inner roof plane boundaries and roof details (chimneys and windows) boundaries. Moreover, it details the modelling procedures step by step that is envisaged rarely in the literature. The proposed approach starts by analysing the adjacency relationship between roof planes. Then, the inner roof plane boundaries are detected. Finally, the junction relationships between boundaries are analysed before detecting the roof vertices. Once the 2D roof model is calculated, the visual deformations in addition to modelling accuracy are discussed.
INTEGRATION OF 3D OBJECTS AND TERRAIN FOR 3D MODELLING SUPPORTING THE DIGITAL TWIN
Authors: Yan J. , Zlatanova S. , Aleksandrov M. , Diakite A. A. , Pettit C.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. 3D modelling of precincts and cities has significantly advanced in the last decades, as we move towards the concept of the Digital Twin. Many 3D city models have been created but a large portion of them neglect representing terrain and buildings accurately. Very often the surface is either considered planar or is not represented. On the other hand, many Digital Terrain Models (DTM) have been created as 2.5D triangular irregular networks (TIN) or grids for different applications such as water management, sign of view or shadow computation, tourism, land planning, telecommunication, military operations and communications. 3D city models need to represent both the 3D objects and terrain in one consistent model, but still many challenges remain. A critical issue when integrating 3D objects and terrain is the identification of the valid intersection between 2.5D terrain and 3D objects. Commonly, 3D objects may partially float over or sink into the terrain; the depth of the underground parts might not be known; or the accuracy of data sets might be different. This paper discusses some of these issues and presents an approach for a consistent 3D reconstruction of LOD1 models on the basis of 3D point clouds, DTM, and 2D footprints of buildings. Such models are largely used for urban planning, city analytics or environmental analysis. The proposed method can be easily extended for higher LODs or BIM models.
DEVELOPING IFC FOR INFRASTRUCTURE: A CASE STUDY OF THREE HIGHWAY ENTITIES
Authors: Floros G. S. , Boyes G. , Owens D. , Ellul C.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Modern cities pay particular attention to upscale their infrastructure systems in order to improve the every-day life of their citizens and lead the way towards a more sustainable environment. As part of this, they invest extensive funds in large infrastructure projects which are challenging to deliver as they require an e efficient communication among different professions, in order to share information efficiently throughout the lifecycle of the project, thus highlighting the importance of standardization to maintain consistency and integrity during data exchange. Building Information Modelling (BIM) aims to facilitate the above-mentioned requirements by describing the life-cycle of the project and Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) is the Standard for BIM that enables an efficient storage, management, exchange and visualization of information. However, there are two important challenges that need to be addressed: (i) IFC focuses particularly on buildings and provides limited support for infrastructure elements and (ii) the information exchange aims to describe mostly the construction phase; highlighting the lack of classes that refer to the operation and maintenance phase. Within this context, this paper proposes the extension of Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) for Asset Management in Infrastructure. A method is developed based on a case study of three highway entities: (i) retaining wall, (ii) gantry and (iii) bridge and a conceptual extension is presented. The results are further discussed and recommendations regarding future research fields are proposed.
3D LANDSCAPE OBJECTS FOR BUILDING INFORMATION MODELS (BIM)
Authors: Fritsch M. , Clemen C. , Kaden R.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a method for the digital collaborative design, construction and operation of buildings. However, in order to realize a complete view on needed work and expenses of a building, the surrounding landscape elements must be considered as well. Within this paper, the BIM authoring tool Autodesk Revit and the open BIM data model and exchange format Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) has been investigated for its capability to represent landscape elements like a terrain model, retaining walls, and ways. Therefore, a feasibility study has been carried out including the surveying of real-world landscape objects like terrain, buildings, ways and paths, playgrounds, and retaining walls, in order to use actual existing objects instead of idealized, theoretical elements. The aim was to develop and evaluate a workflow from the surveying over the modeling in BIM-able software to the export of an IFC data file. Therefore, the general modeling concepts of BIM and their suitability and limitations for representing landscape elements has been investigated. Experiences made within the project are discussed and first solutions and concepts are recommended. In addition, this paper reports from the buildingSmart International working group “Site, Landscape, and Urban Planning”, their current work and future goals, in order to extend IFC for landscape objects. Additionally, a concept for level of information need referring to landscape elements is shown.
Shear rate effect on the residual strength characteristics of saturated loess
Authors: Lian Baoqin , Peng Jianbing , Huang Qiangbing
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Residual shear strength of soils is an important soil parameter for assessing the stability of landslides. To investigate the effect of the shear rate on the residual shear strength of loessic soils, a series of ring shear tests were carried out on loess from three landslides at two shear rates (0.1 mm/min and 1 mm/min). Naturally drained ring shear tests results showed that the shear displacement to achieve the residual stage for specimens with higher shear rate was greater than that of the lower rate; both the peak and residual friction coefficient became smaller with increase of shear rate for each sample; at two shear rates, the residual friction coefficients for all specimens under the lower normal stress were greater than that under the higher normal stress. The tests results revealed that the difference in the residual friction angle фr at the two shear rates, фr (1)–фr (0.1), under each normal stress level were either positive or negative values. However, the difference фr(1)–фr (0.1) under all normal stresses was negative, which indicates that the residual shear parameters reduced with the increasing of the shear rate in loess area. Such negative shear rate effect on loess could be attributed to a greater ability of clay particles in specimen to restore broken bonds at low shear rates.
Morphoanatomy and Chlorophyll of Lettuce Plants Induced by Rhizobacteria
Authors: Cardoso Aline Figueiredo , Rêgo Marcela Cristiane Ferreira , Batista Telma Fátima Vieira , Viana Rafael Gomes , Lins Alba Lucia Ferreira de Almeida , Da Silva Gisele Barata
Published: September 2019

Lettuce is a consumed crop in the world, and increased yield is a desirable trait, and can be realized with the use of biopromotors, already described in many cultures. The objective of this work was to test the ability of two rhizobacterial isolates P. fluorescens (BRM-3211) and B. pyrrocinia (BRM-3213) to promote anatomical and growth changes in lettuce plants in the seedling stage. The increments promoted by B. pyrrocinia were smaller when using P. fluorescens. The BRM-32111 isolate, promoted increases in leaf area of 133%, 31% and 307% of fresh shoot and root mass, also increased 51% and 143% of aerial and root dry mass. The plants inoculated with BRM-32111 increased in 100% and 68% of the aerial part and radicular compared to the control treatment, and induced alterations in the anatomical characteristics in the root in 74% in the radicular diameter, 20% of the thickness of the cortex, 67% of the exoderme and 171% of the endoderm. In the leaf anatomy, BRM 32111 increased by 18% in the parenchyma expansion, 56% in the number of parenchyma cell layers, 122% adaxial endoderm, 23% epidermis, 174% beam expansion, 37% when compared to control. In this way the use of BRM-32111 influences the growth and morphology of lettuce seedlings.
Relationship Between Agility Performance and Cognitive Parameters of Female Basketball Players
Authors: Gokhan Ismail , Aktas Yakup
Published: September 2019

Objective: This study aims at investigating the relationship between agility performance and perception and decision-making mechanisms of female basketball players.Materials and Methods: A total of seventeen elite female basketball player playing in Second League in Turkey Basketball Federation participated in this study voluntarily. The mean age of the participants was 21.53±2.47 (years), the mean height was 175.67±5.36 (cm) and the mean body weight was 66.80±7.76 (kg). Agility performance of the participants was measured by Newtest Powertimer 300, and perceptual and decision-making parameters were measured by Psychotechnic Vienna test system. Since the number of participants was less than thirty, Spearman Correlation test was applied.Findings: The average perception and decision making parameters of female basketball players were as follows: Visual Perception Test (VPT): 46.82±2.65, Reasoning Test (RT): 88.58±9.43, Response Quality and Speed Test (RQST) number of correct answers: 243.76±14.14, RQST time: 0.78±0.06, Speed and Distance Estimation Test (SDET): 45.00±2.76, Dual-Process Skill and Angle of View Test (DPS-AVT) viewing angle: 99.58±7.72, DPS-AVT collision number of cars: 3.76±2.13 and the number of collisions of DPS-AVT road sides: 3.23±2.01 (Table 1). When the correlation between agility performance (total time) and RQST time and SDET parameters was examined, a negative linear relationship was found (r = 0.842/r = 0.827, p < 0.01). However, agility performance (total time) and VPT, RT, RQST number of correct answers, DPS-AVT viewing angle, DPS-AVT car crash number, DPS-AVT roadsides collision parameters were not statistically significant (p > 0.05).As a result, in training contents, preference of visual stimuli, reaction and prediction studies will be important for improving agility. Furthermore, it is thought that cognitive parameters should be taken into consideration in the selection and orientation of athletes.