bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microstructural, mechanical, and corrosion characteristics of Mg–Gd–x systems: A review of recent advancements
Authors: Sudharsan S. , Raja Annamalai A.
Published: October 2024

The alloys composed of magnesium (Mg) are deemed appropriate materials for utilization in the automotive, aerospace, and medical sectors due to their exceptionally high specific strength and density. Due to the strengthening mechanisms and superior mechanical properties, Mg–Gd systems pique the interest of researchers. The property enhancement is enabled by the formation of nano-scale stable (β) and metastable (β′) precipitates in the Mg–Gd system. Additionally, the concentration of the various alloying elements significantly influences the formation of the nano-level precipitates. This article presents an overview of the Mg–Gd system, focusing on its microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior. In addition, the variety of manufacturing processes utilized to fabricate the Mg–Gd system is also discussed. Enhanced mechanical properties were attained through the combination of casting/deformation methods and various heat treatment techniques. The mechanical and corrosion behaviors have been extensively discussed, in connection to the effects of the second phase/precipitates. This article provides an overview of recent developments pertaining to Mg–Gd alloy and extrapolates potential future developments.
Elicitation tasks, language contact, and syllable structure in Budai Rukai
Authors: Chen Chun-Mei
Published: October 2024

This target paper builds on previous literature in Budai Rukai to develop a nuanced framework for examining the syllable structure and the impact of Chinese language education on speakers’ judgments. It demonstrates new dimensions of overarching corroboration of intonational phonology and is a worthwhile endeavor. In this commentary, I address the issues of elicitation tasks and language contact by illustrating that the syllable structure of Budai Rukai is still undergoing age-related changes and remains to be discussed.
Causes and effects of misreported syllable structures
Authors: Labrune Laurence
Published: October 2024

This commentary paper offers a discussion on the methodological, epistemological, and theoretical issues concerning the status of the syllable and mora, as well as the problems raised by their (mis)characterization. It first addresses some methodological biases that occur in the description and analysis of the phonological units of languages, the problem of the reliability of speaker intuitions, with an example taken from French verlan, as well as the influence of writing on phonological representations. Second, building on the Budai Rukai example and on one other case of misanalyzed syllable structure, that of Tokyo Japanese, it questions the status of the syllable as an indispensable, universal unit. In order to avoid some of the problems that stem from the mischaracterization of the syllable, it is proposed that the notion of prosodeme, instead of that of syllable, should be used as a pretheoretical notion when attempting to identify the basic prosodic unit of a language.
Native speakers and syllable structure
Authors: Szigetvári Péter
Published: October 2024

Benjamin Macaulay advises us not to diagnose syllable structure, more specifically the distinction between vowel + vowel clusters and diphthongs in the Taiwanese language Budai Rukai, on the basis of speaker judgements. I fully endorse his approach, since much of current work in phonology unwarrantedly takes syllabification for granted, without arguing for its necessity.
Instagram als Einflussfaktor auf das Image der Destination Cappadocia – Implikationen für die Destinationsentscheidung der Generation Z
Authors: Assaad Jacqueline , Köchling Anne
Published: October 2024

Vor dem Hintergrund der zentralen Rolle von Instagram als Informationsquelle in der Generation Z untersucht diese Studie den Einfluss der Social Media Plattform auf die Imagebildung der Destination Cappadocia (Kappadokien) und die Auswirkungen dieses Images auf eine potentielle Besuchsabsicht innerhalb dieser Generation. Mittels eines quasi-experimentellen Untersuchungsdesigns wurde festgestellt, dass bildbasierte Instagram-Beiträge das kognitive und affektive Destinationsimage von Cappadocia positiv beeinflussen, allerdings die Wahrnehmung nur in der affektiven Dimension signifikant positiver ausfällt als in der Vergleichsgruppe (textbasierte Auszüge von Wikivoyage). Obwohl die Studie keine signifikanten Unterschiede in der Besuchsabsicht zwischen den Gruppen nachweisen konnte, zeigen die Ergebnisse signifikant stärkere Zusammenhänge zwischen einer positiven Wahrnehmung des Destinationsimages auf Instagram und der potentiellen Absicht, Cappadocia zu besuchen. Die Ergebnisse betonen die Relevanz von Instagram in der Reiseinspirations- und -informationsphase bei der Generation Z. Instagram fungiert als bedeutender externer Stimulus-Faktor für die Imagebildung und abgeleitete Destinationsentscheidung.
A Whole-Brain Model of the Aging Brain During Slow Wave Sleep
Authors: Lupi Eleonora , Di Antonio Gabriele , Angiolelli Marianna , Sacha Maria , Kayabas Mehmet Alihan , Alboré Nicola , Leone Riccardo , El Kanbi Karim , Destexhe Alain , Fousek Jan
Published: October 2024

Age-related brain changes affect sleep and are reflected in properties of sleep slow-waves, however, the precise mechanisms behind these changes are still not completely understood. Here, we adapt a previously established whole-brain model relating structural connectivity changes to resting state dynamics, and extend it to a slow-wave sleep brain state. In particular, starting from a representative connectome at the beginning of the aging trajectory, we have gradually reduced the inter-hemispheric connections, and simulated sleep-like slow-wave activity. We show that the main empirically observed trends, namely a decrease in duration and increase in variability of the slow waves are captured by the model. Furthermore, comparing the simulated EEG activity to the source signals, we suggest that the empirically observed decrease in amplitude of the slow waves is caused by the decrease in synchrony between brain regions.
Distinct Roles of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Subregions in the Consolidation and Recall of Remote Spatial Memories
Authors: Centofante Eleonora , Santoboni Mattia , Mombelli Elena L. J. , Rinaldi Arianna , Mele Andrea
Published: October 2024

It is a common belief that memories, over time, become progressively independent of the hippocampus and are gradually stored in cortical areas. This view is mainly based on evidence showing that prefrontal cortex (PFC) manipulations impair the retrieval of remote memories, while hippocampal inhibition does not. More controversial is whether activity in the medial PFC is required immediately after learning to initiate consolidation. Another question concerns functional differences among PFC subregions in forming and storing remote memories. To address these issues, we directly contrasted the effects of loss-of-function manipulations of the anterior cingulate cortex (aCC) and the ventromedial PFC, which includes the infralimbic (IL) and prelimbic (PL) cortices, before testing and immediately after training on the ability of CD1 mice to recall the hidden platform location in the Morris water maze. We injected an AAV carrying the hM4Di receptor into the PL–IL or aCC. Interestingly, pretest administrations of clozapine-N-oxide (CNO; 3 mg/kg) revealed that the aCC, but not the PL–IL, was necessary to recall remote spatial information. Furthermore, systemic post-training administration of CNO impaired memory recall at remote, but not recent, time points in both groups. These findings revealed a functional dissociation between the two prefrontal areas, demonstrating that both the PL–IL and the aCC are involved in early consolidation of remote spatial memories, but only the aCC is engaged in their recall.
Precision Drift
Authors: Mallozzi Lou
Published: October 2024

In 1956 Murakami Saburō (1925–1996) placed a wall clock in an 80 cm cubic wooden box. This simple gesture, like many of Murakami’s simple artistic gestures, provoked a complex rethinking of the position of the audience in contemporary art and sound’s particular role in that shift. The author takes the process of art handlers unpacking and setting up Work (Box) as a pathway to exploring the acoustic and material encounter with the piece, and the intricacies and implications of its relationship to duration and bodily presence.
Black Mountain Songs
Authors: King Tiffany Lethabo
Published: October 2024

The article uses sound—specifically Black music, traces of Mvskoke Creek ceremonial music, and sound waves generated millions of years ago during the orogeny that produced the mountains in the region—to reorient the author to her mountain climb up the infamous Stone Mountain (Georgia, USA). The author takes up the listening practices informed by Dylan Robinson’s and Katherine McKittrick’s refusal in Hungry Listening (2020) and Dear Science and Other Stories (2021) to capture, know, or make Black and Indigenous sound immediately legible, knowable, and recognizable. Meditating on sound produced by (and on/in) mountains—with wonder—I offer a critical listening and imagining practice that accesses different temporalities, rethinks embodiment, and examines investments in walking as knowing. Moving with sound in this article, Black liberation and Indigenous resurgence (including Land Back) are experienced through geologic time, vibration, and soundwaves.
Sonic Electromagnetism
Authors: Rowland Jess
Published: October 2024

The author describes their sound art practice, which uses the electromagnetic field (EM) to explore concepts of the body toward a feminist and pro-trans future. This practice stands in contrast to hidden consumer “black box” culture and mediated digital telepresence. Three specific art projects are explored that fuse visual design, printed circuitry, and interactivity to build critical space for participatory exploration. The author explores concepts of the body in relation to spatialized sound and queer phenomenology of sound. Lastly, the author suggests that the creative exploration of sonic electromagnetism is a larger movement by a disparate community of artists who aim to challenge existing systems of power. In their exploration of the electromagnetic field, the author argues that these artists strive to harness a new source of empowerment and spirit.
Drowning Out the Noise
Authors: Stoner Anne E.
Published: October 2024

How does music listening in headphones function as an extension of the queer self in the public sphere? In what ways does this music support, exhibit, or conceal the presentation of gender and sexuality in these heteronormative publics? Awarded the 2022 Frederick Niecks Essay Prize and exhibited at Northwestern University in 2023, this project explores the extent to which this private listening adds to or alters the physical presentation of an individual and supports the action of existing queer in public spatialities, through the lens of Goffman’s “Territories of the Self (1971).” Methodologically, this work experiments with queer sonic ethnography through the dissemination of 18 sections of audio from six Go-Along interviews, a methodology developed by Kusenbach in “Street Phenomenology: The Go-Along as Ethnographic Research Tool (2003).” I aim to answer Steven Feld’s 2014 imagination of “an anthropology in sound” and to build upon Rooke’s 2009 writings on queering ethnographic research, particularly in its methods. I present this work as a report of an experiment in queer sonic ethnography, in the hope that it may further research into the public and private lives of queer individuals and provide a deeper insight into the street soundscape of the queer everyday.
Interview
Authors: Eppley Charles
Published: October 2024

Resonance guest editor Charles Eppley speaks with Bill Solomon, Jerry Pergolesi, and Sarah Hennies of the Queer Percussion Research Group. They discuss the group’s recently published zine, barriers to funding for queer art, the cis-heteronormative orientations of new music and the percussion music repertoire, and how experimental artistic research can be a productive strategy for community building and self-expression.
Could prayer’s info-energy restore the distorted informational field in the extracellular space of cancerous tissue?
Authors: Kuman Maria
Published: October 2024

This article explains for the first time how stress (negative emotions or just negative thinking) causes cancer or chronic disease of the genetically inherited weak organ. For the first time, it is explained why for some individuals stress leads to chronic disease of the genetically inherited weak organ, while for other individuals it leads to cancer of the genetically inherited weak organ. It is believed to be with genetic predisposition, but for the first time this article explains what this means. 1/ Stress causes chronic disease of genetically inherited weak organ when the integrating energy within the cell is weak. This makes the cellular biorhythms of the genetically-inherited weak organ weakly integrated and easily disintegrated by stress, which by causing delays disorders the biorhythms, and results in chronic disease. 2/ Stress causes cancer of the genetically inherited weak organ, when the integrating energy between the cells is weak. When the weak extracellular energy is farther weakened by stress, at critically low energy stacked-coin formations appear between the cells, which disconnect the cells. The disconnected cells start to multiply fast as they would do in the case of cut wound, to heal the wound fast. However, in the case of wound the cells are ruled where to go by the current of regrowth. In the case of cancer, they multiply senselessly, which is called malignancy. Since both energies - within the cells and in the extracellular space - are informational nonlinear electromagnetic fields (NEMFs) and prayer is information, prayer should be able to influence the cellular organization in the case of chronic diseases, and the extracellular formations in the case of cancer.
Abnormal enhancement of the diseased upper digestive tract shown on MRI
Authors: Semelka Richard C. , Ramalho Miguel
Published: October 2024

This review article describes the imaging techniques, interpretation, and findings of inflammatory changes in the upper digestive tract, including the distal esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. These are the least understood of all abdominal imaging observations and, hence, rarely described in reports. Upper digestive tract imaging findings are poorly understood at present. An illustration of inflammation of all these segments is reported herein. MRI is the optimal technique for studying Leaky Gut, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, and Splanchnic Metabolic Syndrome. This opens new avenues of research and clinical interpretation.
A Case Study: Comparison of LSTM and GRU Methods for Forecasting Oil, Non-Oil, and Gas Export Values in Indonesia
Authors: Kurniasari Dian , Nuraini Maydia Egi , Wamiliana Wamiliana , Nisa Rizki Khoirun
Published: October 2024

This study explores the forecasting of Indonesia’s oil, non-oil, and gas export values, highlighting its critical role in supporting national economic growth. Given the inherent volatility in export values, accurate forecasting is vital for informed economic decision-making. The research employs Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) models, both well-regarded for their ability to handle sequential data and complex temporal patterns. Model performance was evaluated using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The findings indicate that although both models produced nearly identical MAPE values of 99.99% across the oil, non-oil, and gas sectors, the GRU model outperformed the LSTM model with RMSE values of 0.0655 for oil and gas exports and 0.0697 for non-oil and gas exports. Moreover, the GRU model’s forecasts align closely with data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), which reported an 11.33% decline in Indonesia’s export values by the end of 2023. These results suggest that the GRU model not only offers greater accuracy but is also applicable to other economic forecasting contexts, such as exchange rate and inflation predictions, thereby enhancing economic policy-making.
Using K-NN Algorithm for Evaluating Feature Selection on High Dimensional Datasets
Authors: Silfana Fina Indri , Barata Mula Agung
Published: October 2024

Data mining is the process of using statistics, mathematics, artificial intelligence and machine learning to identify problems that exist in data so as to produce useful information. Based on its function, data mining is grouped into description, estimation, classification, clustering, and association. K-NN is one of the best data mining methods and is widely used in research. K-NN algorithm was introduced by Fix and Hodges in 1951. K-NN algorithm is a simple algorithm and is often used to cluster supervised data. Feature selection attribute selection is a data mining technique used in the pre-processing stage. This technique works by reducing complex attributes that will be managed at the processing and analysis stage. In this study, the most effective feature selection to improve the accuracy of the K-NN algorithm by increasing accuracy by 95.12% on the breast cancer dataset and 88.75% on the prostate cancer dataset.
Antimicrobial activities of polyphenol-based metabolites present in lettuce and recent methods for their estimation
Authors: Liu Jinghua , Chen Zhidi , Ma Fengbo , Liu Dongming , Li-Byarlay Hongmei , Chang Xuanzhe , Zhang Yanyan , Chen Xiangning , Gao Xiuzhi
Published: October 2024

The tissue structure of fresh-cut lettuce is easy to be damaged during processing and transportation, which leads to the reduction of its edible quality and safety. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) combined with time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (TMS) metabolomics was used to identify the differential metabolites related to the antibacterial activity in lettuce and explore their bacteriostatic mechanism. The experimental results revealed that the growth of Escherichia coli was quite different when different varieties of lettuce were used as the nutrient substrate. Between the varieties Beizisheng No. 3 (BZ3) and Shooter 101 (SS), 204 differential metabolites showed significant changes (P < 0.05), 86 metabolites showed changes between the varieties BZ3 and Beisansheng No. 1 (BS1). Among the metabolites, isoquercitrin was the upregulated differential metabolite in BZ3 compared to SS and BS1. The content of isoquercitrin in lettuce juice positively correlated with the antibacterial activity of polyphenol extract, but negatively correlated with the growth of E. coli. The bacteriostatic property of polyphenol extract destroys the morphological structure of E. coli. The higher the isoquercitrin content, the stronger the resistance of fresh-cut lettuce to E. coli.
Simultaneous Interpreter Professional Competence in a Cognitive and Discursive Paradigm
Authors: Korovkina Marina
Published: October 2024

The paper presents a simultaneous interpreter professional competence that consists of three components – communicative, extralinguistic and procedural or specialized (sub)competences. It is focused on the third component, which includes the abilities of inferencing, probabilistic forecasting and compression, specifically required for simultaneous interpreting (SI). Inferencing is a two-staged process of retrieving assumptions with regards to composing invariant senses, which means deriving inferences of the message in the source language (SL) and generating implicatures in the target language (TL). Probabilistic forecasting is based on the analysis of the invariant sense prompts in the SL message and boils down to anticipating invariant sense evolvement in the context. It is closely related to compression – an ability to eliminate the redundant information and to condense the retrieved invariant sense in the SI for linguistic and extralinguistic reasons, such as interlanguage asymmetries between the source and target languages and an acute shortage of time because of the speaker’s speed. Moreover, compression is one of the key discursive strategies used by the simultaneous interpreter in speech production. These information processing abilities stand for the SI inherent cognitive features or mechanisms and cognitive-and-discursive strategies employed by the simultaneous interpreter in order to meet the pragmatic needs of a SI communicative situation. Descriptive, comparative, model simulation, introspection and observation methods were used for the research task realization. The outcomes of the study show that the above mentioned three cognitive mechanisms, discursive strategies and abilities closely interact in the SI; it is manifested through inferences and implicatures generated on the basis of presuppositions. Relying on his/her professional competence and employing discursive strategies of inferencing, probabilistic forecasting and compression, the simultaneous interpreter chooses the adequate language means to render invariant sense in its transition from the source to target languages. The choice is facilitated by presuppositional knowledge rooted in the worldview of the source and target languages, constituting the simultaneous interpreter’s language and conceptual thesauri. Another important factor assisting SI cognitive processes and the choice of discursive strategies is the analysis of text functions that makes it possible to elicit presuppositions helpful for inferencing and probabilistic forecasting.
If Not Us, Then Who: Supporting Black Graduate Students
Authors: Smith Travis C. , Whitehead Melvin A. , Briscoe Kaleb L. , Ford Jesse R. , Wallace Jason K.
Published: October 2024

Empirical studies about Black graduate students have emphasized their experiences with oppression and marginalization, related psychological impacts, and the survival practices they enable them to persist within Historically White Institutions (HWIs). Yet, some literature falls short of examining how individuals thrive despite racial trauma experienced professionally and personally. Moreover, there is a need for research to explore the role Black faculty play in assisting Black graduate students with addressing racial trauma and engaging in healing practices. Thus, this paper aimed to understand how early-career Black faculty supported Black graduate students in their attempt to do more than thrive while pursuing master’s and doctoral degrees in higher education.
10 Steps to Implementing Health in All Policies in Rural Communities
Authors:   Western Transportation Institute, Comey Danika , Madsen Matthew
Published: October 2024

This toolkit serves as a guiding document for frontier, rural, and micro-urban communities to implement a Health in All Policies (HiAP) framework in rural America. Too often, rural America is overlooked when it comes to public health and policy work. This tool will guide public health practitioners, community planners, elected officials, healthcare providers, and those who are interested in improving community and public health by analyzing and improving local policy in rural communities. Barriers to accessing healthcare services are well documented in rural communities. Rural populations often face greater challenges accessing healthcare services compared to their urban peers such as long distances to primary care, lower insurance coverage rates, higher health needs, and higher rates of poverty [1–4]. Incorporating a HiAP framework in rural areas is an effective way to decrease health inequities and disparities between urban and rural communities.
On the use of perforated disk inserts in a round pipe to form a gas flow of the required structure in front of an ultrasonic flow meter
Authors: Alekseev Dmitry , Kubenin Aleksandr
Published: October 2024

Unlike conventional gas meters, ultrasonic flow meters have such advantages as contactless operation, minimal pressure loss and high accuracy. When developing ultrasonic flow meters, like any other devices, assumptions and simplifications related to the theory of ultrasonic flow meters are used. When developing such devices, researchers do not always have the necessary space to deploy such structures. Therefore, the question arises of developing devices that can replace large sections of pipelines with various turns in the role of local resistances. The paper presents some studies conducted during the development of a perforated disk capable of forming a flow profile similar to the profile after a double bend. The presented results of a study of the influence of the perforated disk geometry on the gas dynamics and flow structure. The calculations were carried out using three-dimensional computer modeling. The analysis of the influence of the hole location, their sizes and the angles of inclination of the holes relative to the disk axis on the velocity distribution and the formation of the velocity profile downstream of the disk is the purpose of this study. Scalar and vector fields of velocities downstream of the perforated disk are obtained. Velocity profiles in sections behind the disk are constructed. A comparative analysis of different designs of perforated disks is carried out. The design principles of such flow formers are indicated. The geometric factors influencing the flow structure after the former are revealed. The revealed subtleties and described design principles made it possible to develop straighteners and flow formers based on perforated disks. The final samples of disks and the results of their operation are shown
TAXA DE JUROS E EQUILÍBRIO FISCAL INCONSISTENTE: notas a partir de um modelo de economia fechada
Authors: Chagas Amorim Ricardo Luiz
Published: October 2024

O aumento da taxa de juros é visto por diversos acadêmicos e analistas financeiros como um remédio amargo, mas necessário ao enfrentamento de certos problemas em uma economia. Este trabalho problematiza esse juízo, chamando a atenção para a complexa relação existente entre taxa de juros paga pelo governo, equilíbrio fiscal e crescimento econômico. Para isso, a partir de identidades das contas nacionais, constrói um modelo de economia fechada, onde explicita que elevar a taxa de juros exige, para manter o equilíbrio fiscal, não a redução de gastos públicos, mas um maior volume de investimento. A contribuição do artigo é propor uma condição de equilíbrio, partindo da simplicidade das equações e da representação gráfica da conclusão.
DISEÑO ESTRUCTURAL EN VIVIENDA UNIFAMILIAR CON MUROS PORTANTES ADICIONANDO PERLAS DE POLIESTIRENO EN EL CONCRETO: MUROS PORTANTES ADICIONANDO PERLAS DE POLIESTIRENO
Authors: Sánchez Gago Merlly Edith
Published: October 2024

Los muros portantes se construyen para aumentar la resistencia de una vivienda, ya que les brindan firmeza y estabilidad. Su función principal es soportar y distribuir la carga de cada piso hacia la cimentación. El objetivo fue conocer las diferencias que existen entre los muros portantes adicionando perlas de poliestireno en el concreto. Se aplicó un enfoque cuantitativo, de naturaleza aplicada. La muestra consistió en dos calicatas y un murete de ladrillo, así como tres muretes de Tecnopor con dimensiones respectivas. Los resultados revelaron que el murete de ladrillos, conocido como M-1, soporta una carga máxima de 4900 kg y el murete de Tecnopor representado por M-2, alcanzó un rendimiento de 3500 kg, mientras que M-3 logró una carga máxima de 4500 kg, y M-4 obtuvo 1500 kg. Esto sugiere que M-1 soporto una mayor carga de peso. La M-1 tuvo un esfuerzo de corte de 4.9, M-2 registró un valor de 2.0, M-3 obtuvo 2.6, mientras que M-4 presentó 0.9. Esto sugiere que el muro M-1 experimentó un mayor esfuerzo de corte (Kg/cm²) y se desmoronó más rápidamente, mientras que el muro M-3 no colapsó, sino que solo presentó una rajadura diagonal y tardó más tiempo en desmoronarse.
A Utilização do Trello para Otimização da Gestão Escolar: Uma Abordagem Prática Mediada pelas Novas Tecnologias Digitais em Escolas Brasileiras
Authors: Ticon Sabrina , Legey Ana Paula , Da Silva Ferreira Arantes Sheila , Coelho da Conceição Fábio , Da Rocha Neves Laila
Published: October 2024

Este artigo explora o uso do Trello como ferramenta digital para aprimorar a gestão escolar a partir de uma perspectiva de gestão democrática participativa, integrada ao método ágil Kanban. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa e aplicada, possui caráter exploratório e descritivo. O estudo foi conduzido por meio de um procedimento experimental, no qual foram aplicadas três sequências didáticas em um curso de formação voltado para gestores escolares, professores e orientadores pedagógicos. Os resultados apontam que a adoção do Trello, em conjunto com o método ágil Kanban, otimiza a gestão de projetos educacionais, promovendo maior organização e engajamento participativo. O estudo oferece contribuições relevantes sobre a aplicação prática de tecnologias digitais na educação, sugerindo direções para a expansão dessas práticas em contextos escolares.
FEM, DEM and FDEM applications on impact fracture of glass and laminated glass – a review
Authors: Chen Xudong , Chan Andrew H. C.
Published: October 2024

Structural glass components are prevalently used in engineering. Due to the brittle nature, glass or laminated glass may fracture during an impact action, and the subsequent flying fragments may spread over a wide range, resulting in human injuries and asset losses. In this article, the authors aimed at providing a comprehensive review concerning the numerical applications on the impact fracture of glass and laminated glass, giving emphasis to the literatures published in the last two decades. Relevant numerical applications employing the finite element method (including element deletion method, extended finite element method and some other continuum-based approaches), discrete element method and combined finite-discrete element method were reviewed in-depth, and features of the simulations were summarised. Discussions on the impact fracture characteristics from different computational approaches were performed. Insights into the accuracy, efficiency, ease of implementation and range of applicability were also provided. This review is meant for the rapid and beneficial understanding towards the impact fracture mechanism of glass and laminated glass.
Experimental investigation of the influence of drainage condition on change in saturation of sheared sand
Authors: Elnur Mohammed , Alshibli Khalid A.
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the validity of the interpretation of results from testing saturated axisymmetric triaxial compression (ATC) sand specimens utilising three-dimensional (3D) synchrotron micro-computed tomography (SMT) to probe localised events that are completely missed or misinterpreted when analysing ATC measurements based on global standard measurements. Drained and undrained experiments were conducted at low and high back-pressures (BPs) coupled with multiple in situ 3D SMT to acquire high-resolution scans of the specimens at different axial strains. Specimens tested under low BP exhibited a large pore air volume change, which was not detected by the pump system that represents standard volume measurement. The increase in air volume caused a significant reduction in the degree of saturation leading to a possible transition from saturated to partially saturated constitutive behaviour. Undrained experiments exhibited a significant volume change contrary to the assumption of negligible volumetric strain for saturated undrained experiments. Air bubbles within the shear band for drained and undrained low-BP specimens showed opposite capillary pressure responses, increased for drained and decreased for undrained cases, due to the variation in the mechanism by which each of the two experiments predominantly counters the volume expansion within the shear band.
Incontinência urinária feminina e a prática de atividade física
Authors: Moraes Andréa Ovando , De Sousa Nayara Mendes , Salles Priscila Cardoso , Domingues Elaine Aparecida Rocha
Published: October 2024

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de incontinência urinária em mulheres que realizam de atividade física e os fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa e transversal. Participaram da pesquisa mulheres com idade acima de 20 anos e que realizam algum tipo de atividade física funcional. Na coleta de dados aplicou-se um questionário estruturado composto por dados sociodemográficos e clínicos. Para análise utilizou-se o Teste do Qui-Quadrado e Teste exato de Fisher. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de incontinência urinária feminina, as quais realizam atividade física foi de 21,9% e o exercício preeminente de perda involuntária de urina foi pular (55%). A faixa etária prevalente foi de 30 a 39 anos (40,2%), solteiras (47,6%), ensino superior completo (56,1%), raça branca (46,3%). O fator de risco associado e significativo foi a infecção urinária (p=0,005) e a prática de atividade física (p=0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Detectou-se que mulheres que praticam atividades físicas, em maior prevalência com pulos ou impactos, apresentam incontinência urinária. E o fator associado a eliminação involuntária de urina foi a infecção urinária.
Desenvolvimento infantil na educação médica: um saber relevante
Authors: Malheiros Assumpção Tatiana , Martins Montanari Patrícia
Published: October 2024

INTRODUÇÃO: O adequado monitoramento do desenvolvimento na infância e adolescência é fundamental para a promoção da saúde física e mental dessa parcela da população, bem como para a prevenção e detecção precoce de transtornos. Para isso, é necessário que os profissionais médicos tenham uma base sólida de conhecimento sobre o tema e estejam capacitados para aplicá-lo em sua clínica. Esta recomendação é referendada tanto pela legislação brasileira referente à assistência à saúde, quanto pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o Curso de Medicina. No entanto, a formação médica brasileira não parece cumprir este requisito. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram realizadas análise documental de currículos de cursos de medicina brasileiros, entrevistas em profundidade e grupos focais com médicos que trabalham com crianças e adolescentes a respeito de sua formação sobre desenvolvimento e suas percepções a respeito de sua importância para a prática. RESULTADOS: De cem currículos avaliados, apenas quatro  tinham uma disciplina obrigatória sobre psicologia do desenvolvimento. Por outro lado, todos os médicos que participaram das entrevistas e grupos focais salientaram a importância de conhecer os processos de desenvolvimento cognitivo e socioemocional e relataram seu desconhecimento sobre o tema e a deficiência de sua formação. Não houve diferenças entre os relatos obtidos através dos grupos focais e entrevistas individuais. O aprendizado costuma se dar a partir da patologia, sem reflexões anteriores sobre os processos normativos do desenvolvimento humano, levando a potenciais riscos para a saúde e as trajetórias de desenvolvimento de nossas crianças e adolescentes. CONCLUSÃO: É necessária uma maior atenção ao processo de desenvolvimento típico na infância e adolescência durante a formação médica.
Isolation to stabilization: A Housing First approach to address homelessness in Kingston, Ontario
Authors: Tan Yvonne , Revell Zack , Wilson Victoria , Guan T. Hugh , Lambert Julie , Saeed Sahar
Published: October 2024

Setting

Homelessness is a significant and growing public health concern across Canada. In Kingston, Ontario, the number of people experiencing chronic homelessness has more than doubled from 136 people in 2020 to 296 in 2023.

Intervention

An emergency shelter-in-place hotel program was established in April 2020 to provide non-congregate shelter to people experiencing homelessness and vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infections. Beyond preventing COVID transmission, the unintentional consequence was that a population that experienced chronic homelessness reduced drug consumption and became stable. In 2022, with increased funding from the Ministry of Health and the City of Kingston, a new Housing First program was implemented to transition individuals from homelessness to long-term stable housing.

Outcomes

Between November 2022 and June 2023, a total of 34 clients initiated the program. Of these clients, 10 completed the program and were successfully housed, 10 remained active participants, and 14 were discharged before completion. Strengths and challenges were identified. Diverse services provided to meet the population’s needs and strong collaborations with various community partners were facilitating factors. Inadequate external resources, a lack of evening and prosocial activities, and outside peers (not part of the program) who influenced recovery plans were identified as challenges.

Implications

This program illustrates that simultaneously integrating housing, community building, mental health, and addiction services is possible and provides an innovative way to stabilize this vulnerable population of people experiencing homelessness. Results from this program and the knowledge generated through implementation are being used to further scale up the program.
Clinical significance of HIF-1α, ET-1, and NO as biomarkers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Zhou Youxia , Zhang Huicong
Published: October 2024

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with repeated infections and airflow limitation leading to endothelial dysfunction. The objective of this study was to retrospectively investigate the clinical significance of serum hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1), and nitric oxide (NO) as non-invasive blood biomarkers for diagnosing patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). A total of 230 AECOPD patients were assessed for serum HIF-1α, plasma ET-1, and NO levels using Doppler echocardiography and blood tests. Clinical characteristics, including age, COPD duration, and comorbidities, were compared between patients with and without PH. The diagnostic value was determined through receiver operating characteristic analysis. Pearson correlation and multivariate logistic analyses explored the correlation of biomarkers in AECOPD with PH. Serum HIF-1α, plasma ET-1, and NO levels showed significant differences between COPD patients with and without PH. The combination model (0.027 * HIF-1α + 0.028 * ET-1 − 0.049 * NO) demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.89, indicating superior diagnostic value compared to individual biomarkers. Multivariate logistic analysis identified smoking, higher Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease grade, hypertension, and elevated levels of HIF-1α, ET-1, and NO as independent risk factors for AECOPD. Positive correlations were observed between serum HIF-1α and plasma ET-1 levels with pulmonary artery systolic pressure, while NO demonstrated a negative correlation. Serum HIF-1α, plasma ET-1, and NO were associated with AECOPD and PH, and detecting individual or combined levels of these biomarkers in the blood can predict COPD-related PH.
ANALYSIS OF TOURISM ACTIVITY IN THE DNIPRO REGION IN THE CONTEXT OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN FRONTLINE REGIONS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, PATSIUK Viktoriia , REIMANN Mart ,   Tallinn University, Estonia, KAZAKOV Volodymyr ,   Kryvyi Rih State Pedagogical University, Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine
Published: October 2024

Although the frontline regions of eastern and northern Ukraine had significant tourism potential, tourism in these areas has not developed sufficiently, not because of a lack of resources, but because of its underestimation and incorrect positioning. The war, on the one hand, caused significant damage to the natural resources and cultural and historical monuments of these regions, and on the other hand, it drew the attention of not only Ukrainians but also the whole world to these territories. In the future, these regions may become a springboard for the reconstruction of the territory and the development of tourism activities in accordance with all European canons and standards. The article presents the results of a Ukrainian-Estonian research project aimed at studying the development of Ukrainian frontline communities and tourism businesses in the context of war and identifying their strategies for the future. The survey was conducted in Dnipro, Sumy, Kharkiv regions and government-controlled frontline communities in Zaporizhzhia and Donetsk regions. This study focuses on comparing the peculiarities of tourism development in the frontline regions and separately in the Dnipro region both in the pre-war period and the period of active military confrontation. The focus is on the main types of tourism that were in demand before the war and those that are expected to be most in demand in the future. The author analyses the changes that occurred in tourism activities since the outbreak of the war and the problems that had to be faced in organising tourism activities after its beginning. Threats, problems, opportunities and prospects for the development of tourism in the post-war period are identified.
Summary Report on the Relationship between Juvenile Delinquency and Educational Environment
Authors: Sun C.
Published: October 2024

This article explores the relationship between educational environment and the level of juvenile delinquency. The four main characteristics of juvenile delinquency are young age, low education level, organized structure of criminal groups, and high proportion of sexual crimes committed by offenders. The main factors causing juvenile delinquency are unequal family and social environment, educational environment, and access to quality education. The analysis of statistical data indicates an increase in the number of arrests of minors, highlighting the need for action. This article proposes suggestions for improving the educational environment and cultivating young people, aimed at preventing abnormal behavior. One of the central aspects of this article is the interaction between families, schools, and law enforcement agencies to comprehensively carry out the prevention of juvenile delinquency. Discussed the role of parents, the importance of incorporating legal education into schools, and labor education practices that promote social adaptation and sense of responsibility among young people.
Principles of regulation of business activities in modern conditions
Authors: Aganina R. N. , Apresova N. G.
Published: October 2024

The article examines and analyzes the basic principles of regulation of business activities. The characteristics of such principles as the principle of social justice, the principle of state control (supervision) and municipal control, the principle of stimulating conscientious compliance with mandatory requirements, the principle of mutual assistance and protection of interests, the principles of tax regulation of business activities are given. Attention is drawn to the need to transform the approach to maintaining fairness and balance of these principles.
Conflict of interest in the securities market
Authors: Lubyagina D. V.
Published: October 2024

In the article examines the problem of applying the legal interpretation of the concept of “conflict of interest,” including as applicable to legal relations in the stock market. Such concepts as the fiduciary duties of a trustee, the controversial nature of the legal definition of a conflict of interest through the concept of personal interest are considered. The need for further development of the prudential regulation system and a more specific definition of the criteria for the fiduciary duties of the principal in the securities market are substantiated. The possibility of introducing into Russian practice the approach used in the common law system is analyzed. According to this approach, only proof of the fact of dishonest fulfillment of fiduciary duties, such as loyalty, due diligence and information duty can serve as a basis for prosecution in the event of a conflict of interest, but not the establishment of the fact of personal interest. In particular, from this point of view, the fundamental rule of the common law system applied in the stock market is considered — to fully rely on the information (i.e., a situation completely opposite to the approach that has developed in Russian law in relation to identifying conflicts of interest) provided by the broker to the client, and to expect, that he will perform his duties with all competence and due care. The author substantiates the greater effectiveness of the approach of establishing a presumption of conscientious fulfillment of fiduciary duties by a trustee and bringing to responsibility only if the contrary fact is proven.
On the creation of state-owned companies in the field of food retail: the experience of Russia and foreign countries
Authors: Belikova K. M.
Published: October 2024

With regard to the discussions circulating among practitioners, retailers and the scientific community on the idea of launching a new state-owned retail chain in Russia, the article analyzes approaches to the legal framework of state-owned retail chains in Brazil, North Korea and China, which adhere to diametrically opposite arguments regarding their activities, which, of course, is useful for the Russian scientific and practical community to know. The author comes to the conclusion that the idea of state-owned retail chains is discredited as having tendencies towards bureaucratization, corruption, the formation of an incorrect distribution of national wealth, poor organization of their activities, rooted not in the phenomenon itself, but in the minds of the people who lead them into life, many of whom are greedy and always look for and often find loopholes in the laws. Thus, further development of existing digital mechanisms in the form of assessment systems based on econometric approaches as Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) will solve this problem.
Transparency of asset ownership and its importance for the real sector of the economy
Authors: Kantor N. E.
Published: October 2024

Beneficial ownership creates risks for third parties and the beneficiaries themselves, as well as for the international and national economy as a whole. Transparency of asset ownership is of particular importance for the real sector, which contains the most important production and other resources for the interests of the country. The global trend towards transparency as a condition for access to various transactions and legal actions is manifested in domestic legislation and judicial practice through the use of various legal mechanisms (mainly encouraging beneficiaries to disclose the ownership structure of assets). The interdisciplinary significance of the category of “beneficial ownership” requires the development of a uniform approach to determining the legal status of beneficial owners and controlling persons.
The evolution of Islamic trade law under the influence of international trade practice: towards the problem of convergence of legal orders
Authors: Guteneva A. V.
Published: October 2024

The article provides a historical and legal analysis of the development of Islamic trade law under the influence of secular European trade law. It was concluded that until the second half of the 20th century the influence of European trade law on Muslim legal orders was one-sided. Initially, the penetration of secular European trade law into Islamic commercial law was carried out through the law of medieval merchants (lex mercatoria). From the beginning of the 19th century the reception of secular European trade law was determined by the active colonial policy of European states (the model was the French system of trade law, reflected in the Napoleonic Commercial Code). Only at the end of the 20th century international commercial practice began to take into account Islamic contractual structures, as well as religious prohibitions and permissions of Sharia.