bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eksperimentasi Pembelajaran Interaktif Setting Kooperatif (PISK) dan Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) pada Materi Peluang ditinjau dari Aktivitas Belajar Siswa Tahun Pelajaran 2012/2013
Authors: Ningrum Fhela Vhantoria
Published: March 2017

The aim of the research was to determine the effect of PISK, STAD and conventional approach to the mathematics achievement viewed from student activities. This research was a quasi experimental using 3x3 factorial design. The populations of the research were all students of senior high school in Sukoharjo Regency. The sampel was 9 classes and it was taken using stratified random sampling technique. The instruments used to collect data were student activities questionnaire and mathematics achievement test. The requirements test for data included the population normality test using Lilliefors method and the population homogenity variance test using Bartlett method. The balance test toward student’s early ability in mathematics data using unbalance one-way analysis of variance and it was concluded that experimental and control classes had balance prior knowledge in  mathematics. The testing of hypotesis using unbalance two-way analysis of variance. The conclusion of this research shows as follows. (1) Students taught by PISK cooperative learning model had better mathematics achievements than students taught by STAD cooperative learning model and conventional model. In addition, STAD cooperative learning model and conventional model gave the same mathematics achievement. (2) Students in high activity had better mathematics achievement than students in middle and low activity; also students in middle activity had better mathematics achievements than students in low activity. (3) There was an interaction between learning model and activity toward mathematics achievement
PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN STRATEGI QUICK ON THE DRAW DENGAN MASALAH OPEN ENDED UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF MATERI PRISMA DAN LIMAS
Authors: Suryadinata Nurain
Published: March 2017

The aim of this research to gain the result of developing instructional sets through quick on the draw with open ended problem of pyramid and prism subject validly, practically, and effectively. The learning instrument deve-lopment using Plomp model. TKKM data processed by t test, and the proportion of z.The instructional sets valid based on the average score of validity: Syllabus 4.0; Lesson Plan 4.2; Supplementary Books 4.3; Students’ Worksheets 4.3; and creative thinking test on mathematics was valid, the level of difficulty was balance, and distinctive feature was significant and reliable. The instructional sets were practical by gaining average score 3,87, the implementation of learning process was good. Students and teachers had positive responses. The instructional sets were effective by gaining: students’ creative thinking competence of mathematics beyond the KKM; creative thinking abilities of students who were given a quick on the draw learning with open ended problems better than students were given the conventional learning; and the improvement of creative thinking competence of students who were given a quick on the draw learning with open ended problems better than students were given the conventional learning.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KETUNTASAN BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER (NHT) DI SMPN 3 DEPOK SLEMAN TAHUN PELAJARAN 2012/2013
Authors: ES Yeni Rahmawati
Published: March 2017

The aims of this research were to increase the mastery learning of student by implementation of cooperative Learning type number head together. The method of the reseacrh was Classroom Action Research. The Instrument of data collection used formatif test sheet and photo documentation. Technique of data analysis used qualitative and quantitative analysis. Based on the results of this research showed that through a cooperative learning type Numbered Heads Together (NHT) can increase student mathematics learning completeness VIID class. Increased mastery learning mathematics student looks from the average value of the class, the average value of the final test grade students cycle known to increase students' mastery learning mathematics in the first cycle was 74.3 to 76.2 in the second cycle. In addition, the number of students who received grades greater than or equal to 75 also increased from the first cycle is 16 students or 50% to 25 students or 78.12%.Keywords:  cooperative learning, mastery learning, NHT
PENERAPAN MODEL COOPERATIVE LEARNING TIPE JIGSAW DENGAN MEDIA GAMBAR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR PADA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS IV SDN 2 NAMBAHREJO
Authors: Rusmartini Rusmartini
Published: March 2017

The aims of this research were to increase the activities and the result of study by implementation of cooperative learning model type jigsaw with picture media. The method of the research was Classroom Action Reserach. The instrument of data collection used observation sheet and test. Technique of data analysis used qualitative and quantitative analysis. The result showed that the student activity in cycle I 62,58% (active) and cycle II 81,50%(activeenough). The result study of the cognitivie in cycle I 71,31%(good) and cycle II80,42%(good).Keywords:  activity,  jigsaw,  picture media,  result study
PENGARUH PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN KONTEKSTUAL TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MATEMATIS SISWA SMP
Authors: Suwanjal Usep
Published: March 2017

Critical thinking skills of mathematics mastered by students is very important, especially in the competition of globalitation era. An approach that can improve both of them is contextual approach in learning. This research aims are to determine: The Improvement of students' critical thinking skills between the class which used contextual approach in learning and the one which used conventional learning. Quasi-experiment methods was used in the research  and the design was "pretest-posttest non equivalent control group". Population of this research was the students of SMP Negeri 3 Menggala and class VIII C and VIII D as the research sample, technique of samples used purposive sampling. Data collected by the instrument test critical thinking of mathematics. The improvement of critical thinking skills data analysed by using the t- test. The findings of this study indicated:  The Improvement of students' critical thinking skills between the class which used contextual approach in learning was better than which used conventional learning. In table t-test indicated sig < α is 0.001 < 0.05Keywords : contextual approach, critical thinking skills of mathematics
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE MAKE A MATCH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS IV SD NEGERI 2 GAYAU SAKTI TAHUN PELAJARAN 2014/2015
Authors: Soleha Soleha
Published: March 2017

The aims of this research were to increase the student learning outcomes by implementation of cooperative learning model of Make A Match. The method of the research was Classroom Action Reserach. The data collected by the observation sheet, formatif test sheet (test student learning outcomes). The results of the study implementation of cooperative learning model of Make A Match proven to improve learning performance followed by increased the student learning outcomes, enthusiastic students to participate in learning. The result showed that  Percentage student learning outcomes 41.6 % in the first cycle to 93.3 % in the second cycle .Keywords: student learning outcomes, cooperative learning model of Make A Match
ANALISIS PROSES BERPIKIR ANAK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS (ABK) DALAM MENYELESAIKAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA DI SMP INKLUSI KOTA METRO (Studi Kasus pada Siswa Tunagrahita Ringan)
Authors: Suryadinata Nurain , Farida Nurul
Published: March 2017

The aims of the research is to describe the thinking process at mild intellectual disability students to solve mathematics problem. The research was a descriptive qualitative. The subjects of the research was students of grade eight SMPN 5 Metro. Technique analyzing of the data were: (1) classifying the data, (2) presenting the data, and (3) concluding the data in each categories. The results of the research showed that thinking process for mild intellectual disability students : (1) mild intellectual disability students can establishnment understanding in thinking process; (2) mild intellectual disability students can’t establishnment opinion and students cant’t using the right strategy to solve mathematics problem; (3) mild intellectual disability can’t give conclusion.Keywords: mathematics problem, mild intellectual disability, thinking process
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR BERBASIS MASALAH PADA MATA KULIAH MATEMATIKA EKONOMI PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA
Authors: Agustina Rina , Vahlia Ira
Published: March 2017

Teaching materials are needed for students to support the lecture. The purpose of this study was to determine how to develop problem-based teaching materials on the subjects of mathematical economics mathematics education courses. This research was conducted at the University of Muhammadiyah Metro by selecting a student of mathematics education as a research subject.This study is a research development. The method used as follows: (1) research and information gathering, (2) planning, (3) product development, (4) the initial trials, (5) product revision, (6) the field trials, (7) the revised product field trials, (8) the operational testing of products, (9) the revision of the product and (10) the implementation and dissemination. To obtain problem-based teaching materials will be validated teaching materials by 2 experts math education materials and one person linguists. The achievement of this research is problem-based teaching materials that can support economic mathematics lectures. The achievement that will be produced is ≥ 50% students of mathematics education are getting the optimal learning course on the math economy. Based on the results of questionnaires percentage obtained validation criteria of 80% of teaching materials and meet the criteria are valid for.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PRESTASI BELAJAR DAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN MATEMATIKA PADA MAHASISWA CALON GURU SD/MI
Authors: Novikasari Ifada
Published: March 2017

Mathematics anxiety has been recognized as a feeling depressed and anxious when it deals with the manipulation of numbers and mathematical problem solving in the real life and the academic situations. The anxiety tend to occur in someone with low mathematical ability. That is, individuals with low mathematics anxiety more comfort to solve the problem than someone who has high anxiety. It is interesting to examine, because it will be proved whether there is a relationship between learning achievement and mathematics anxiety
PROFIL PROGRAM PENGALAMAN LAPANGAN (PPL) MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN SEJARAH PADA SMP DI METRO
Authors: Hidayat Bobi
Published: March 2017

This research reviews the implementation of field experience program (PPL), especially for the students of history major who carry out the field experience program (PPL) in junior high school. The research purpose is to get a clear description about the history major students who conducted the program in junior high school and its impact to the students they teach. The data collection methods used were documentation and interviews. After the data have been collected, the data were validated by triangulation . The result of this study shows that many students of history major taught unsuitable lesson so they had difficulties in delivering materials and it caused unperfect learning outcomes of the junior high school students they taught.
Template (Gaya Selingkung) e-Jurnal Historia UM Metro
Authors: Historia Pengelola Jurnal
Published: March 2017

Abstrak memuat uraian singkat mengenai masalah dan tujuan penelitian, metode yang digunakan, dan hasil penelitian. Tekanan penulisan abstrak terutama pada hasil penelitian. Abstrak ditulis dalam bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Inggris. Abstrak diketik dengan spasi tunggal dengan batas pengetikan lebih sempit dari batas pengetikan teks utama. Kata kunciperlu dicantumkan untuk mendeskripsikan masalah yang diteliti dan istilah-istilah pokok yang mendasari penelitian. Kata kunci dapat berupa kata tunggal, atau gabungan kata. Jumlah kata kunci 3-5 kata. Kata-kata kunci ini diperlukan untuk komputerisasi guna mempermudah pencarian judul penelitian dan abstraknya.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PPSI (PROSEDUR PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM INSTRUKSIONAL) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SEJARAH
Authors: Kurniawan Putut Wisnu
Published: March 2017

The problem in this research is the low of students’ learning outcomes of history. It is caused by the students’ initiative in teaching and learning process. The purpose of this study was to determine the learning model ITS (Instructional Systems Development Procedure) learning model towards students’ learning outcomes of history at tenth grade of SMA PERSADA Bandar Lampung in academic year 2014/2015. The population in this research was 110 students and the sample was 27 students. In getting the sample, the writer used a cluster random sampling. The data in this research were collected by using experimental methods and testing technique as the main method, as well as technical documentation and study of literature as the supporting method. In analyzing the data, the writer used t-test formula.Based on the analysis of data, it is obtained t_hit = 5.24, while for the significant level of 5% t-daf = 2.00. The average score of the students who learn history through ITS (Instructional Systems Development Procedure) learning model is 83. While the average score of students who learn history through conventional technique is 73. It can be concluded that, there is influence of learning model using ITS (Instructional Systems Development Procedure) towards students’ learning outcomes of history at tenth grade of SMA PERSADA Bandar Lampung in academic year 2014/2015.
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE GROUP INVESTIGATION (GI) MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR SEJARAH
Authors: Hartoto Tri
Published: March 2017

This research aims to increase student activity so the impact on learning outcomes forstudents the history of class XII Science SMAN I Puggur in academic year 2015/2016. Theresearch method uses a class action (action research). GI cooperative learning canimprove the quality of teaching history. GI cooperative learning has a positive impact inimproving student achievement marked by increased mastery learning students in eachcycle, the first cycle (72.5%), the second cycle (80.0%), the third cycle (92.5%) , GIcooperative learning can make students feel themselves to get attention and theopportunity to express their opinions, ideas, ideas and questions.
EFEKTIFITAS PENGGUNAAN METODE EKSPERIMEN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA KELAS X SEMESTER GANJIL SMAN 1 KALIREJO TAHUN PELAJARAN 2013/2014
Authors: . Wahyudi , Suseno Nyoto
Published: March 2017

The student learning outcomes in SMAN 1 Kalirejo academic year 2012/2013 show the results that many of students doesn't reach the KKM 70. In learning most of the students think that physics is one of difficult subject, bored, and complicated subject. they do not give their attention when thr learning proccess is running. There is nothing interaction and discussion between the student one the other's to discuss about the physics. the objectives of this research is know how the quality of the learning process in terms of student activity, based on the teacher activity, how the students learning respond, and how the students mastery in learning physics. Technique sampling in this research using is cluster random sampling technique, from 5 classes.To get the real data the research using tests, quesionnaires and observations. And to count the data effectivity the researcher using experiment method every indicator will be count by using experiment method. It start from multipled the each indicator then it will devided by how much indicator it self and the result of its will be times by 100%. The conclusion of the research in the use of the effective experiment method in teaching physics. thr score is 3.25 as shown by (1) the quality of learning process in terms of student's activity in high percentaage 81.2% in high ccategorize (2) the quality of lesson good enough if the percentage it is about 75% from teacher activity, (3) the student's respond after they got the method is positive it shows by the respond percentage 80,20%, (4) the result of individual student's score has the avarege value 78.8 and from the clasical student got 87.8%, all of thr score is high categorize. Researchers suggest subjects physics teacher when delivering measuring the amount of material should be used experiment method for learning effective, for students should be serious in implementing learning and doing each activity well to the result obtained either.
MENGUKUR LAJU AIR KELUAR DARI BOTOL PADA TIAP LUBANG DENGAN KETINGGIAN TERTENTU
Authors: Asmawati Eka Yulisari
Published: March 2017

Experiments have been conducted to measure the rate of water out of the bottle on each hole with a certain height. The research method is to perform a simple test. Tests carried out using perforated by nails bottles are heated / solder. When it was acquired 5 hole will be closed by the bottle duct tape / plaster. Then bottle filled with water to the brim, open the first hole, then count the time the water out of the hole, this step is done repeatedly until the fifth hole. After the results of the data obtained will be used widely calculation formula bottle (A= πd2 ), water discharge (Q =  ) and the rate of water (v = ). The results of these calculations found that the fourth hole or holes which position has the lowest rate of water faster than others. This is because in the lowest position, they experienced greater pressure than the top position. So, with tremendous pressure to make the flow of fluid to flow faster.
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR FISIKA SMA TENTANG PENGUKURAN RESISTANSI BATUBARA, KAOLIN, DAN ANDESIT DENGAN METODE RESISTIVITAS MENGGUNAKAN KONSEP LISTRIK DINAMIS
Authors: Rahayu Made Sari , . Partono
Published: March 2017

The research wasdone insenior high school(SMA/MA). Observations and interviewsin senoir high (SMA)in Seputih Raman, showedthat physic’s teachers haven’t developed student’s knowledge about lessons are teached include give examples daily aplication of lesson are teached by them. Include physic’s lesson about dinamis’selectricity. So, base onthe descriptionneed todo research on thedevelopment of physic’s materialteachingfor senior high school about measuring coal, kaolin, and andesit resistance by resistivity method usedinamis’s electricity concept . The research is development research by design physic’s materialteachingfor senior high school about measuring coal, kaolin, and andesit resistance by resistivity method usedinamis’s electricity concept, then tested its feasibilityby physic’s experts and base on student’s respons and reparation. Base on the result of research, expert test to feasibility and easy to understand the material at 79,2%, and student’s respons in the school to teaching material at 81,9%. Base on teh result, so can be concluted that there is teaching materialfeasibility that had been developed and appropriate to use in learning. Advice from researcher, it is hoped thatthefurther development soarrangeddinamis’s electricityteaching material is better in material’s explianing and the development.
IDENTIFIKASI POTENSI SARI BUAH JERUK MENJADI LISTRIK SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR FISIKA MATERI ARUS LISTRIK SISWA SMP KELAS IX
Authors: . Fitriyaningsih , . Partono
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this study was 1. To know potential of different citrus fruit juice varieties into electricity. 2. To know juice of citrus varieties that have the potential to be superior in electrical 3. To know piece of research that can be used as a learning resource. 4. To know learning resources that can be generated from the research. The place is a laboratory study was conducted of science, University of Muhammadiyah Metro May 25, 2014. Oranges juice were taken from five different varieties are citrus, lime, tangerine, grapefruit, and lime. There are three variations of existing experiments in the study of differences in varieties, differences in the distance between the electrodes, and the difference in volume. There are five treatments and five repetitions in this experiment. In the process the research data used ANOVA analysis of non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test. The experimental results showed that the juice that comes from different varieties have different potentials in into electricity. Lemon juice is the most superior varieties as electricity. Part of research that can be used as a learning resource that the pH value of each citrus varieties, the use of digital multitester, and the voltage generated. The results of this study can benefit as a learning resource in the form of worksheets.
PENERAPAN PERMAINAN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PADA MATAKULIAH FISIKA PERMAINAN UNTUK MENGHLANGKAN KESAN KAKU CALON GURU FISIKA
Authors: Alarifin Dedy Hidayatullah
Published: March 2017

Mahasiswa FKIP sebagi calon guru memiliki peran penting dalam merubah pandangan peserta didik pada materi pelajaran. Untuk itu mahasiswa FKIP sebagai calon guru dipandang perlu mendapatkan bekal yang memadahi tentang pembelajaran yang menyenagkan. Sebagian besar peserta didik beranggapan bahwa fisika itu kaku dan membosankan. Kenyataan ini di pertajam dengan cara guru dalam melakukan kegiatan pembelajaran yang terkesan kaku. Pembelajaran fisika akan lebih terasa menyenangkan jika peserta didik kita arahkan dalalm proses pembelajaran dengan menggunakan permainan. Harapan dengan adanya permainan dalam pembelajaran adalah terciptanya susana yang menyenangkan sehingga menjadikan peserta didik menjadi bersemanagat dan suka terhadap mata pelajaran fisika. Dengan demikian diharapkan peserta didik akan mudah dalam memahami pelajaran fisika sehingga dapat menghasilkan luaran yang maksimal.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI TERBIMBING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 4 METRO SEMESTER GENAP TAHUN PELAJARAN 2013/2014
Authors: Khotimah Laela Ngasarotul , Partono Partono
Published: March 2017

The aims of this research is to find the effect of guided inquiry learning model on learning outcomes physics eighth grade students of SMP N 4 Metro semester of academic year 2013/2014. The sample was VIIID as VIIIF as a control class and experimental class were selected by cluster random sampling. The study design used was Posttest-Only Control Design and researchinstruments in the form of sheets of observations and questions. Technical analysis of the data use normality test, homogeneity, test the similarity of two average, and two different test average.The results showed  that the  improvement of learning outcomes learning physics class experiments using guided inquiry learning model is higher than the control class students. From the calculation, the value of t =  2.18 is higher than the value table = 2.02 at significance level α = 5%. Therefore, it can  concluded that the model of guided inquiry learning effect on learning outcomes physics eighth grade students of SMP N 4 Metro semester of academic year 2013/2014. The success of learning during the learning process using guided inquiry model of learning because students can more freely in finding the concept it self and can connect between the knowledge possessed by the results they found in the experiments, so that influenced on learning outcomes.
PEMANFAATAN MEDIA POWER POINT DALAM PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA DENGAN PENDEKATAN KONSTRUKTIVISME
Authors: Wajdi Badrul
Published: March 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuipengaruh pemanfaatan media power point dalam pembelajaran fisika dengan pendekatan konstruktivisme terhadap prestasi belajar siswa. Materi pelajaran yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah zat dan wujudnya.Tempat pelaksanaan penelitian di SMP Negeri 1 Wanasabapada semester Ganjil tahun pembelajaran 2013/2014. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperiman dengan populasi seluruh siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Wanasaba yang terdiri dari 7 kelas dan sampelnya adalah kelas VII2 dan VII3 yang diperoleh dengan cara cluster random sampling.Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah media power point dan variabel terikat dalam penelitian ini adalah prestasi belajar fisika siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode tes. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa pada kelas eksperimen didapatkan harga thitungsebesar 1,76 sedangkan nilai ttabel sebesar 1,684 pada taraf signifikansi 5%.Jadi  nilai thitung lebih besar dibandingkan dengan nilai ttabel (thitung>ttabel) sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pemanfaatan media power point dalam pembelajaran fisika dengan pendekatan konstruktivisme terhadap prestasi belajar siswa.
PENINGKATAN KEMANDIRIAN MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN FISIKA PADA MATA KULIAH MEKANIKA MELALUI METODE RECIPROCAL TEACHING
Authors: Fitri Fajar
Published: March 2017

This research aims to describe thestudent independence after follow the Reciprocal Teaching of Learning. The subjects of this research are students in study program of physics education Ahmad Dahlan University who are studying Mechanics at school year of 2015/2016. Classroom Action Research consists of plan, do, and reflection. This activity repeated two cycles. The result is after follow the Reciprocal Teaching of Learning 80,3% students reached good individual and classical independence.This research aims to describe thestudent independence after follow the Reciprocal Teaching of Learning. The subjects of this research are students in study program of physics education Ahmad Dahlan University who are studying Mechanics at school year of 2015/2016. Classroom Action Research consists of plan, do, and reflection. This activity repeated two cycles. The result is after follow the Reciprocal Teaching of Learning 80,3% students reached good individual and classical independence.
PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER (NHT) PADA MATERI GERAK PARABOLA DAN GERAK MELINGKAR MELALUI KEGIATAN LESSON STUDY
Authors: Prastiti Wari
Published: March 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas belajar fisika  materi gerak parabola dan gerak melingkar siswa kelas XI IPA1SMA Negeri 5 Metro Tahun Pelajaran 2014/2015 dengan penerapan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Numbered Heads Together (NHT) melalui kegiatan Lesson Study. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Setiap siklus diawali dengan tahap plan kemudian dilanjutkan do dan see/refleksi. Subyek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI IPA1SMA Negeri 5 Metro Tahun Pelajaran 2014/2015. Data diperoleh melalui observasi menggunakan lembar observasi aktivitas belajar dan dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitan dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa XI IPA1 SMA Negeri 5 Metro Tahun Pelajaran 2014/2015 . Hal ini terlihat dari hasil siklus I dan siklus II terjadi peningkatan aktivitas belajar pada tiap indikator aktivitas belajar yang ditentukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas belajar fisika  materi gerak parabola dan gerak melingkar siswa kelas XI IPA1SMA Negeri 5 Metro Tahun Pelajaran 2014/2015 dengan penerapan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Numbered Heads Together (NHT) melalui kegiatan Lesson Study. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Setiap siklus diawali dengan tahap plan kemudian dilanjutkan do dan see/refleksi. Subyek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI IPA1SMA Negeri 5 Metro Tahun Pelajaran 2014/2015. Data diperoleh melalui observasi menggunakan lembar observasi aktivitas belajar dan dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitan dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa XI IPA1 SMA Negeri 5 Metro Tahun Pelajaran 2014/2015 . Hal ini terlihat dari hasil siklus I dan siklus II terjadi peningkatan aktivitas belajar pada tiap indikator aktivitas belajar yang ditentukan.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR, AKTIVITAS DAN SIKAP PADA MATERI GETARAN, GELOMBANG DAN BUNYI, MELALUI METODE DISKUSI, OBSERVASI, DAN EKSPERIMEN
Authors: Purnomowati Yuni Lestari
Published: March 2017

Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metodePenelitian Tindaan Kelas (PTK). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di  SMKN 3 Metro pada siswa Kelas XI-TKJa semester genapTahun Pelajaran 2012/2013 berjumlah 31 siswa.Sasaran perubahan dalam penelitian ini yaitu peningkatan hasil, aktivitas dan sikap siswa terhadap pelajaran Fisika. Peneliti dapat menyimpulkan bahwa peningkatan hasil belajargetaran, gelombang dan bunyi terjadi karena kerjasama siswa selama proses pembelajaran menumbuhkan suasana yang nyaman sekaligus kompetitif. Perubahan sikap siswa terhadap pelajaran Fisika semakin baik. Ketika pembelajaran fisika mampu memberikan apa yang diharapkan oleh siswa, yaitu siswa merasa nyaman, tidak terintimidasi oleh guru dan teman karena keterbatasan yang dimilikinya, terlibat dengan teman sejawat pada saat menyelesaikan tugas-tugas yang diberikan dengan diskusi, melakukan observasi, dan bereksperimen, maka persepsi terhadap fisika sebagai objek menjadi berubah lebih baik. Adanya interaksi siswa dengan media pembelajaran karena kegiatan mendiskusikan, mengobservasi, dan melakukan eksperimen mendorong siswa menjadi aktif selama proses pembelajaran. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metodePenelitian Tindaan Kelas (PTK). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di  SMKN 3 Metro pada siswa Kelas XI-TKJa semester genapTahun Pelajaran 2012/2013 berjumlah 31 siswa.Sasaran perubahan dalam penelitian ini yaitu peningkatan hasil, aktivitas dan sikap siswa terhadap pelajaran Fisika. Peneliti dapat menyimpulkan bahwa peningkatan hasil belajargetaran, gelombang dan bunyi terjadi karena kerjasama siswa selama proses pembelajaran menumbuhkan suasana yang nyaman sekaligus kompetitif. Perubahan sikap siswa terhadap pelajaran Fisika semakin baik. Ketika pembelajaran fisika mampu memberikan apa yang diharapkan oleh siswa, yaitu siswa merasa nyaman, tidak terintimidasi oleh guru dan teman karena keterbatasan yang dimilikinya, terlibat dengan teman sejawat pada saat menyelesaikan tugas-tugas yang diberikan dengan diskusi, melakukan observasi, dan bereksperimen, maka persepsi terhadap fisika sebagai objek menjadi berubah lebih baik. Adanya interaksi siswa dengan media pembelajaran karena kegiatan mendiskusikan, mengobservasi, dan melakukan eksperimen mendorong siswa menjadi aktif selama proses pembelajaran.
MODIFIKASI DISTRIBUSI MASSA PADA SUATU OBJEK SIMETRI BOLA
Authors: Tiandho Yuant
Published: March 2017

Umumnya, untuk menggambarkan distribusi massa sebagai fungsi ruang dilakukan pemisahan untuk kondisi di luar dan di dalam objek. Di dalam makalah ini, kami mengusulkan suatu distribusi massa yang berlaku pada kedua kondisi tersebut sehingga tidak perlu dilakukan pemisahan. Jika fungsi tersebut digunakan dalam proses komputasi atau simulasi diharapkan dapat memperingkas algoritma. Fungsi distribusi massa diturunkan berdasarkan fungsi distribusi Fermi-Dirac untuk faktor Boltzman yang bernilai sangat kecil. Adapun objek yang ditinjau adalah objek yang memenuhi sifat simetri bola tetapi tidak menutup kemungkinan dapat diperluas pada sebarang bentuk objek. Melalui fungsi distribusi massa tersebut dapat diturunkan gaya gravitasi, medan gravitasi, dan potensial gravitasi pada sebarang titik tinjau yang bernilai sama dengan tinjauan konvensional. Dengan analogi gaya gravitasi dan elektrostatis maka fungsi distribusi massa tersebut juga dapat diperluas untuk distribusi muatan listrik.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MAHASISWA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED INSTRUCTION (PBI) PADA MATA KULIAH FILSAFAT SAINS
Authors: Astuti Irnin Agustina Dwi
Published: March 2017

Critical thinking skills the students of Physical Education remains low. It is caused by several factors, including the learning process is not optimal. This study aims to determine the increase in critical thinking skills by learning model Problem Based Instruction (PBI). The method used is a classroom action research that includes planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data collections are done by observation, questionnaires, documentation, field notes and tests. Forms of data analysis used qualitative analysis. It can be concluded that the implementation of learning with Problem Based Instruction learning model can improve the critical thinking skills students in Philosophy of Science. This is evidenced by the increase in the average percentage of critical thinking skills of each cycle. In the first cycle, the average critical thinking skills students are 66.87%. In the second cycle into 80.19% or an increase of 13.32%. Thus the average percentage of critical thinking skills students has exceeded predetermined success criteria with the category is "very critical".
Comportamento hidrodinâmico de solos em cultivos de vazante no semiárido de Pernambuco
Authors: Souza Eduardo Soares de , Antonino Antonio Celso Dantas , Netto André Maciel , Souza Rodolfo Marcondes Silva , Gondim Manuella Virginia Salgueiro , Lima Valmir Felix de , Lima José Romualdo De Sousa , Alves Edevaldo Miguel , Coutinho Artur Paiva , Soares Willames De Albuquerque
Published: March 2017

O comportamento hidrodinâmico de solos em cultivo de vazante foi analisado por meio das curvas de retenção θ(h), da condutividade hidráulica K(h), da sorvidade S e do raio característico de poros λm, determinados em dois Neossolos Flúvicos das vazantes dos açudes Cajueiro e Flocos, em Tuparetama, PE. O solo de Cajueiro apresenta uma pequena transição de textura e de densidade do solo, já o de Flocos apresenta uma evidente transição dessas propriedades em profundidade. As curvas de θ(h) foram obtidas pelo ajuste da equação de van Genuchten aos valores de campo (por meio de medidas de tensiômetros e de sonda de nêutrons) e de laboratório (por meio da “câmara de pressão de Richards”). Para determinação de K e S, foram realizados ensaios com o infiltrômetro a disco (0,08 m diâmetro da base), com quatro tensões de fornecimentos, nas profundidades de 0, 0,20, 0,40, 0,60 e 0,80 m. As curvas de θ(h) mostraram boa concordância na faixa de potencial de -30 a -10 kPa, indicando coerência dos dados experimentais. A heterogeneidade hidrodinâmica do solo de Flocos é explicada pela textura e densidade do solo e em Cajueiro é induzida pela distribuição dos tamanhos dos poros. O diâmetro do infiltrômetro, combinado às tensões aplicadas, permitiu caracterizar a matriz porosa da camada argilosa do solo de Flocos.
Floristic survey of the caatinga in areas with different grazing intensities, Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil
Authors: Almeida-Cortez Jarcilene Silva de , Tavares Fernanda Meira , Schulz Katharina , Pereira Rita de Cássia Araújo , Cierjacks Arne
Published: March 2017

A floristic survey was conducted in eighteen areas in the municipalities of Itacuruba and Floresta, Pernambuco, northeast Brazil. The objective was to investigate if the species richness of terrestrial plant species of the Caatinga is affected by grazing intensity. Eighteen 20x20 m2 plot were established in areas of low grazing intensity (9), and areas with high grazing intensity (9). We recorded 136 species belonging to 97 genera and 43 families. The most species-rich families were Poaceae (14), Fabaceae (13), and Asteraceae (11). The most species-rich genera were Aristida (Poaceae), Sida (Malvaceae) and Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae). The number of species in each study area (Itacuruba and Floresta) varied according to the distribution of the precipitation, the soil types, the land-use history type, and the actual land-use. Areas with a low grazing pressure show a higher species richness of plant species than areas with higher grazing intensity.
The Past and Future of China's Role in the East Asian Economy: A Trade Perspective
Authors: Ding Yibing , Li Xiao
Published: March 2017

Since the 1990s, the development of a market-oriented economy and engagement with globalization have given China a role as the primary export platform of the East Asian economy. This has not only promoted the exports of capital and intermediate goods of other East Asian economies, but it has also deepened the regional production networks under the US-dominated global economic system. Currently, as China is entering an economic “new normal,” its economic structure and growth pattern will experience a period of transition. Thus, its role in the East Asian economy and the global economic system will change accordingly. China's new role as a main market for the final consumer goods in the region might increase. To facilitate its change in role, China should continue to reform its domestic economy, develop regional economic cooperation, and increase the qualities of its labour force and foreign direct investment inflows. In addition, it needs to deal with several uncertainties that might arise during the transition.
The Role of Adenosine Signaling in Headache: A Review
Authors: Fried Nathan , Elliott Melanie , Oshinsky Michael
Published: March 2017

Migraine is the third most prevalent disease on the planet, yet our understanding of its mechanisms and pathophysiology is surprisingly incomplete. Recent studies have built upon decades of evidence that adenosine, a purine nucleoside that can act as a neuromodulator, is involved in pain transmission and sensitization. Clinical evidence and rodent studies have suggested that adenosine signaling also plays a critical role in migraine headache. This is further supported by the widespread use of caffeine, an adenosine receptor antagonist, in several headache treatments. In this review, we highlight evidence that supports the involvement of adenosine signaling in different forms of headache, headache triggers, and basic headache physiology. This evidence supports adenosine A2A receptors as a critical adenosine receptor subtype involved in headache pain. Adenosine A2A receptor signaling may contribute to headache via the modulation of intracellular Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production or 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity in neurons and glia to affect glutamatergic synaptic transmission within the brainstem. This evidence supports the further study of adenosine signaling in headache and potentially illuminates it as a novel therapeutic target for migraine.
Review of Heterogeneous Catalysts for Catalytically Upgrading Vegetable Oils into Hydrocarbon Biofuels
Authors: Zhao Xianhui , Wei Lin , Cheng Shouyun , Julson James
Published: March 2017

To address the issues of greenhouse gas emissions associated with fossil fuels, vegetable oilseeds, especially non-food oilseeds, are used as an alternative fuel resource. Vegetable oil derived from these oilseeds can be upgraded into hydrocarbon biofuel. Catalytic cracking and hydroprocessing are two of the most promising pathways for converting vegetable oil to hydrocarbon biofuel. Heterogeneous catalysts play a critical role in those processes. The present review summarizes current progresses and remaining challenges of vegetable oil upgrading to biofuel. The catalyst properties, applications, deactivation, and regeneration are reviewed. A comparison of catalysts used in vegetable oil and bio-oil upgrading is also carried out. Some suggestions for heterogeneous catalysts applied in vegetable oil upgrading to improve the yield and quality of hydrocarbon biofuel are provided for further research in the future.
Defect-Free Large-Area (25 cm2) Light Absorbing Perovskite Thin Films Made by Spray Coating
Authors: Habibi Mehran , Rahimzadeh Amin , Bennouna Inas , Eslamian Morteza
Published: March 2017

In this work, we report on reproducible fabrication of defect-free large-area mixed halide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3−xClx) thin films by scalable spray coating with the area of 25 cm2. This is essential for the commercialization of the perovskite solar cell technology. Using an automated spray coater, the film thickness and roughness were optimized by controlling the solution concentration and substrate temperature. For the first time, the surface tension, contact angle, and viscosity of mixed halide perovskite dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF) are reported as a function of the solution concentration. A low perovskite solution concentration of 10% was selected as an acceptable value to avoid crystallization dewetting. The determined optimum substrate temperature of 150 °C, followed by annealing at 100 °C render the highest perovskite precursor conversion, as well as the highest possible droplet spreading, desired to achieve a continuous thin film. The number of spray passes was also tuned to achieve a fully-covered film, for the condition of the spray nozzle used in this work. This work demonstrates that applying the optimum substrate temperature decreases the standard deviation of the film thickness and roughness, leading to an increase in the quality and reproducibility of the large-area spray-on films. The optimum perovskite solution concentration and the substrate temperature are universally applicable to other spray coating systems.
A Structural Analysis of Spiropyran and Spirooxazine Compounds and Their Polymorphs
Authors: Seiler Vanessa , Tumanov Nikolay , Robeyns Koen , Wouters Johan , Champagne Benoit , Leyssens Tom
Published: March 2017

In this work, crystal structures of commercially available photochromic compounds, i.e., spiropyrans and spirooxazines, were investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. A total of five new structures were obtained via isothermal evaporation experiments under different conditions, namely 1,3,3-Trimethylindolino-benzopyrylospiran (I), 1,3,3-Trimethylindolinonaphtospirooxaxine (II), 1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-3,3-dimethylindolino-6′-nitrobenzopyrylospiran (III), and 1,3,3-Trimethylindolino-8′-methoxybenzopyrylospiran (IVa and IVb). Since the basic structure of a spiropyran/-oxazine does not present typical hydrogen bond accepting and donating groups, this study illustrates the importance of additional functional groups connected to this kind of molecules to induce specific intermolecular interactions. Our results show that possible hydrogen bonding interactions are rather weak due to the high steric demand of these compounds. These results are supported by a search of the Cambridge structural database focused on related structures.
Entropy Generation Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Turbulent Forced Convective Heat Transfer to Nanofluids
Authors: Ji Yu , Zhang Hao-Chun , Yang Xie , Shi Lei
Published: March 2017

The entropy generation analysis of fully turbulent convective heat transfer to nanofluids in a circular tube is investigated numerically using the Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) model. The nanofluids with particle concentration of 0%, 1%, 2%, 4% and 6% are treated as single phases of effective properties. The uniform heat flux is enforced at the tube wall. To confirm the validity of the numerical approach, the results have been compared with empirical correlations and analytical formula. The self-similarity profiles of local entropy generation are also studied, in which the peak values of entropy generation by direct dissipation, turbulent dissipation, mean temperature gradients and fluctuating temperature gradients for different Reynolds number as well as different particle concentration are observed. In addition, the effects of Reynolds number, volume fraction of nanoparticles and heat flux on total entropy generation and Bejan number are discussed. In the results, the intersection points of total entropy generation for water and four nanofluids are observed, when the entropy generation decrease before the intersection and increase after the intersection as the particle concentration increases. Finally, by definition of Ep, which combines the first law and second law of thermodynamics and attributed to evaluate the real performance of heat transfer processes, the optimal Reynolds number Reop corresponding to the best performance and the advisable Reynolds number Read providing the appropriate Reynolds number range for nanofluids in convective heat transfer can be determined.
Review of the Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Different Photovoltaic and Concentrating Solar Power Electricity Generation Systems
Authors: Kommalapati Raghava , Kadiyala Akhil , Shahriar Md. , Huque Ziaul
Published: March 2017

This paper contains an extensive review of life cycle assessment (LCA) studies on greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from different material-based photovoltaic (PV) and working mechanism-based concentrating solar power (CSP) electricity generation systems. Statistical evaluation of the life cycle GHG emissions is conducted to assess the role of different PVs and CSPs in reducing GHG emissions. The widely-used parabolic trough and central receiver CSP electricity generation systems emitted approximately 50% more GHGs than the paraboloidal dish, solar chimney, and solar pond CSP electricity generation systems. The cadmium telluride PVs and solar pond CSPs contributed to minimum life cycle GHGs. Thin-film PVs are also suitable for wider implementation, due to their lower Energy Pay-Back Time (EPBT) periods, in addition to lower GHG emission, in comparison with c-Si PVs.
Pollutant Formation during the Occurrence of Flame Instabilities under Very-Lean Combustion Conditions in a Liquid-Fuel Burner
Authors: De Giorgi Maria , Campilongo Stefano , Ficarella Antonio , De Falco Gianluigi , Commodo Mario , D’Anna Andrea
Published: March 2017

Recent advances in gas turbine combustor design are aimed at achieving low exhaust emissions, hence modern aircraft jet engines are designed with lean-burn combustion systems. In the present work, we report an experimental study on lean combustion in a liquid fuel burner, operated under a non-premixed (single point injection) regime that mimics the combustion in a modern aircraft engine. The flame behavior was investigated in proximity of the blow-out limit by an intensified high rate Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) camera equipped with different optical filters to selectively record single species chemiluminescence emissions (e.g., OH*, CH*). Analogous filters were also used in combination with photomultiplier (PMT) tubes. Furthermore this work investigates well-mixed lean low NOx combustion where mixing is good and generation of solid carbon particulate emissions should be very low. An analysis of pollutants such as fine particles and gaseous emissions was also performed. Particle number concentrations and size distributions were measured at the exhaust of the combustion chamber by two different particle size measuring instruments: a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and an Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI). NOx concentration measurements were performed by using a cross-flow modulation chemiluminescence detection system; CO concentration emissions were acquired with a Cross-flow modulation Non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) absorption method. All the measurements were completed by diagnostics of the fundamental combustor parameters. The results herein presented show that at very-lean conditions the emissions of both particulate matter and CO was found to increase most likely due to the occurrence of flame instabilities while the NOx were observed to reduce.