bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lexicographizing as a Method of Describing Vocabulary: Revisiting the Theoretical Legacy of Olga Blinova
Authors:   Kemerovo State University (Kemerovo, Russian Federation), Golev Nikolay D.
Published: December 2021

The article develops the idea formulated by Olga Iosifovna Blinova, professor of Tomsk State University, according to which lexicography is one of the methods of studying vocabulary. The material of the study included: (1) theoretical works by Olga Blinova, (2) her lexicographic works, (3) lexicographic experiments of the author of the article and their theoretical understanding, (4) works of other authors on related issues. The main research method used in the article is a comparison of concepts and principles of their implementation in different authors to identify the features of Blinova’s lexicographic theory and practice. The author interprets lexicographizing of a word as a specific approach to the description of its semantics, as a way of its modeling, which consists in its discretization – transformation of continuous semantic space of the language into notional quanta, clots of meaning. In the study, this method is contrasted with other methods of language modeling found in applied language descriptions: in the methods of language teaching, in translation and in compilation of computer programs on a linguistic basis in particular. Much attention is paid to the concept of lexical parameterization, which occurs in the process of lexicographic modeling of the semantic reality of the language. The most important principle of semantics modeling is the parameterization of the meaning of a word and vocabulary in general. The article discusses the features of parameterization in explanatory dictionaries against the background of their opposition to other types of dictionaries: encyclopedic, motivational dictionaries, dictionaries of everyday interpretations of words and frequency dictionaries. To identify these features, the definitions of words in explanatory and encyclopedic dictionaries are analyzed. Such important trends in modern lexicography as overcoming the absolutization of the discreteness of semantics and its simplified definition are analyzed. The article explores the tendency of lexicography to an antropocentric modeling of semantics in dictionaries, a particular manifestation of which is the representation of the content of a word as a conceptual content. In more detail, the article highlights the specifics of the motivational dictionary – one of the main lexicographic works by Blinova, who developed the concept of this type of dictionary and implemented it in practice by creating the Motivational Dialect Dictionary. The final section of the article analyzes Blinova’s idea about the possibility of implementing a project of a complex dictionary, in which the meaning of each word is considered in the mirror of a set of parameters which together give a systematic idea of the functioning, semantics and linguistic connections of the word. The article draws conclusions about the role of Blinova’s theoretical heritage for semasiology, dialectology and lexicography of the Russian language.
An Author’s Contrastive Dictionary as an Experimental Lexicographical Form
Authors:   Kursk State University (Kursk, Russian Federation), Bobunova Mariya A.
Published: December 2021

At the turn of the 21st century, a new trend appeared in lexicographic practice. It was named contrastive lexicography. Contrastive dictionaries proved useful first of all as necessary reference books in learning and teaching foreign languages, and translating. In another domain, folklore lexicography, contrastive dictionaries became dictionary projects of linguafolklorists from Kursk, Russia. The method of comparative description tested on the folk material was applied to the literary text. This led to the idea of creating an author’s contrastive dictionary. The poetry by Fyodor Tyutchev and Afanasy Fet was chosen as the material of the tentative dictionary. The article describes the stages of the dictionary compilation and its original micro- and macro-structure. An essential macrostructural issue of the dictionary is the choice of words and the order of entries. It is accentuated that the topical, not alphabetic, structure of the dictionary enables to reveal the consistency and the inner hierarchy of single fragments of the poetic world picture and helps to identify their place in the poets’ idiolects. The authors of the dictionary employed the cluster approach. The cluster is understood as a group words which belong to different parts of speech and are linked semantically, functionally and derivationally. The dictionary comprises eight clusters which represent three massive fragments: World of Nature, World of Human and World’s Characteristics. Special attention is paid to dictionary entries of a double unit type. If an entry contains no comparative part, the unit turns into a left- or right-sided “lacuna” type entry. For poetic language description, the authors of the dictionary used the parameter structure of a dictionary entry; this structure comprises compulsory and optional components. The syntagmatic zone of a dictionary entry, which reflects all textual word links within the poetic line and the neighboring lines, was thoroughly analyzed. The research potential of an author’s contrastive dictionary is illustrated by several examples. It is noted that this dictionary is experimental and there are prospects for contrastive dictionaries of different genres, in line with the trends of modern author’s lexicography. Contrastive dictionaries are concluded to be of use in studying the author’s idiolect and in revealing the compared writers’ language uniqueness.
Salpinganthium hispaniolanum gen. et sp. nov. (Fabaceae: Detarieae), a mid-Tertiary flower in Dominican amber
Authors: Poinar George O., Jr. , Chambers Kenton L.
Published: December 2021

Salpinganthium hispaniolanum gen. et sp. nov. is described as a new fossil legume from mid-Tertiary forests of Hispaniola. Arborescent legumes of tribe Detarieae previously described from these forests include Hymenaea protera and Prioria dominicana. Flowers of the new genus and species have a bilaterally symmetrical corol-la of five petals, 10 free stamens, an elongate, cylindrical hypanthium, and one or two persistent sepals, the others perhaps being deciduous. The petals are of three markedly different shapes. The pistil is exserted from the hypanthium and is densely hirsute. The bracteoles, sepals, and petals are gland-dotted, as is appropriate for members of the resin-producing Detarieae of subfamily Detarioideae.
Additional documented chromosome number determinations in Paysonia (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Salywon Andrew M. , Rebman Jon P. , Dierig David A.
Published: December 2021

Thirteen meiotic chromosome number determinations are reported for seven species of Paysonia O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz (Brassicaceae). Our counts are in agreement with previous published numbers and we make new chromosome number reports for five counties.
Isolated chemohyperthermal perfusion of the liver with melphalan in the treatment of unresectable liver metastases with uveal melanoma
Authors: Kaprin A. D. , Ivanov S. A. , Unguryan V. M. , Petrov L. O. , Kruglov E. A. , Pobedintseva Yu. A. , Filimonov E. V. , Isaeva A. G.
Published: December 2021

Uveal melanoma belongs to rare malignant neoplasms, and the biological peculiarity of this tumor determines the high rate of distant metastasis, which reaches 60 %. Most frequently, uveal melanoma metastases are localized in the liver and have an isolated character. At the same time, despite the achievements of modern drug therapy, the treatment results of this category of patients remain unsatisfactory. Among the regional methods of treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma, surgical treatment is considered to be the most effective. Median survival rate in the group of radically operated patients (R0) is 27 months. At present, in the vast majority of cases, surgical treatment is impossible because of multiple bilobar metastasis and advanced cancer process. Median life expectancy of patients with liver metastases is only 9 months. A promising method of regional treatment of inoperable metastatic uveal melanoma is isolated liver chemoperfusion. Multidisciplinary team of Radiology Scientific Research Center and Kostroma Oncologic Dispensary for the first time in Russia presents a clinical case of a patient with isolated inoperable uveal melanoma liver metastases using an innovative method - isolated high-dose chemo hyperthermic liver perfusion with melphalan. The article describes in detail the method of the procedure, estimates immediate (partial response in 1 month after the procedure) and long-term results of the method (stabilization of the condition against the background of immunotherapy in 9 months after surgery). Based on the presented clinical observation, isolated liver chemoperfusion with melphalan for this category of patients is reasonable. However, despite the encouraging immediate results, clinical experience needs to be accumulated in order to be further evaluated in clinical trials.
Transdermal electroneurostimulation in patients with diabetic neuropathy
Authors: Al-Zamil Mustafa Kh. , Kulikova Natalia G.
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: The dynamics of pain syndrome determined using various algic tests in the treatment of patients with diabetic neuropathic pain syndrome using tansdermal electroneurostimulation has been little studied.
AIMS: To study the dynamics of projection zones of neuropathic pain syndrome in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy while using TENS.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: 75 patients with diabetic polyneuropathy were examined. The control group (n=25; 33.3%) received a course of standard pharmacotherapy. The main group consisted of 2 groups. The first group (n=25; 33.3%) underwent a course of high-frequency low-amplitude (HL TENS) transdermal electroneurostimulation, and the second group (n=25; 33.3%) underwent a course of low-frequency high-amplitude (LH TENS) therapy. Pain syndrome was determined using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and a body diagram before, after treatment and in the long-term period.
RESULTS: Using a visual analogue scale (VAS), the dynamics of pain syndrome after the use of LF TENS was lower than after the use of HFTENS by an average of 35% (p 0.05).
The data obtained indicate that the regression of pain syndrome after physiotherapeutic treatment of TENS in patients from the main comparison groups exceeds similar indicators in patients from the control group by an average of 63% (p 0.05) both immediately after the course of exposure and in the distant the observation period by 23%. Against the background of TENS, the area of pain syndrome according to the body pattern significantly decreased by 53% after treatment (p 0.05) and by 65.6% in the long-term period (p 0.05), compared with a decrease in the area of pain syndrome in the control group.
CONCLUSION: There were revealed significant differences between the quantitative and projection forms of pain measurement. The use of TENS enhances the analgesic effect of drug therapy in the treatment of diabetic neuropathic pain syndrome by 1.37 times while maintaining this effect without negative dynamics for 2 months after the end of the course of non-drug therapy. The developed technique for assessing pain syndrome using a body diagram in combination with a visual analogue scale (VAS) in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy provides a more reliable assessment of pain syndrome.
Formation and principles of social and philosophical understanding of the category “civic consciousness”
Authors: Grober Eva M.
Published: December 2021

The relevance of the work is due to the need of comprehending the process of formation and content filling of the category of civic consciousness in the modern world based on the principles of philosophers understanding of the categories consciousness and self-consciousness in social and humanitarian knowledge. The purpose of the study is to consider certain aspects of civic consciousness not only by revealing its essence, as a modern manifestation of the phenomenon of a persons awareness of his civic status, but also from the standpoint of the significance of his potential in social and humanitarian knowledge in general. As a methodological basis of the research, we define the humanitarian problematization of the material under study, which provides a philosophical formulation of the research problem, which, in combination with the dialectical method, allows us to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the category of civic consciousness. Consideration of the category indicated by us allows us to determine how, through the development of social consciousness, there is an understanding of the events and phenomena occurring in society, as well as the establishment of a persons place in social and political life and, as a result, self-determination and self-consciousness of a person in society. The plurality of approaches to the study of the formation of civic consciousness allows us to conclude that there is a high need to consider this issue in all historical periods. Based on the formed ideas about self-awareness, we have established the following models of self-awareness of a person and a citizen: world man, world man transformation, world 1 man transformation world 2, world 1 man transformation world 2 number person. Thus, civic consciousness in the structure of power relations is the subjects consciousness of his skills and abilities, along with an awareness of the actions performed by the subject in order to be involved in the processes established by the power structures.
Migration factors as a reflection of the state of society (analysis of migration process in the Republic of Crimea)
Authors: Dikhtemirov Mikhail S.
Published: December 2021

The author has made an attempt to determine the stimulating and restraining factors influencing both the dynamics and specifics of migration processes on the Crimean Region. The events of the Crimean spring have served as a key trigger of migration both to and from Crimea and in this sense the individual story of a migrating person allows for a deeper understanding of the reasons why people decide to leave Crimea or move to this region. This is the reason for the choice of the case-study method. The author systematizes the factors of migration. First of all, the factors of migration are divided into natural and social. All identified factors are divided into two large groups: stimulating and restraining. Among the stimulating factors natural factors prevail: climate, proximity to the sea, ecology and beautiful landscapes. It is important to note that they are joined by only one socio-cultural factor of migration: mental proximity and assessment of the prospects of the Crimean society in all its dimensions. Also all the stimulating factors are related to the current situation in Crimea. Among the restraining factors of migration the factors of social nature are predominant. They both arise in various spheres of social life and transform them. These include high prices for food, rent and purchase of real estate, services in the commercial sector, as well as sanctions and political and economic isolation. The restraining and stimulating factors of migration processes reflect both the problem areas in society and the directions of development.
To understanding the effects of conditioning thinking: about new book of Terrence Webster-Doyle
Authors: Belkin Anton I.
Published: December 2021

Review of the book Mind Games: towards understanding the nature of prejudice and conflict, or how to learn to live in peace by Terrence Webster-Doyle. Mind Games: To understand the roots of prejudice and how to learn live peacefully: a scientific and educational publication. T. Webster-Doyle. Samara Cultural Society Artifact-Cultural Diversity. Samara: Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 2020. 55 p.

Reviewer considers that T. Webster-Doyles book is a brilliant example of how conflicts can be resolved most effectively without theorized distraction. T. Webster-Doyles book is small in volume, but very significant in content. The author offers a real program for taming the conflicts and violence that fill the entire human history. Until now, there is a clear lack of research on the universal determinants of the emergence and dynamics of conflict. A paradoxical situation arises when methods of conflict resolution are studied and modified, despite the fact that its initial determinants are not accurately determined. The models of taming conflicts that are being replicated in the social sciences almost do not solve the very problem of overcoming violence in society. Note that T. Webster-Doyle defines her book as the most significant work of her life. The author proposes an original approach to the determination of the conflict and defines the ways of its resolution in direct relationship with the understanding of its determinants. Also, the advantage of the book is a good literary presentation of the material. T. Webster-Doyle views conflict as a phenomenon created by the human mind, which at the same time, in a paradox, is trying to solve a problem which it itself creates. This work is devoted to the study of the determinants of conflict, which are considered comprehensively in the relationship of biological and social determinants: as generated by genetically programmed brain programs and at the same time as a function of peoples perception of the world around them and each other. The author notes that the universal basis of biological programming is the general motivation the desire to survive. Consequently, this work presents a program for resolving the conflict based on a comprehensive consideration of the conflict as a sociobiological phenomenon, which is based on the conditioned thinking of a person (primordial biological protection of his brain). The advantage of the book is its versatility. The author does not just consider the problem of the conflict, its components, the parties to the conflict, conflict genes, the incident, etc. He is looking for an approach that allows you to take a fresh look at this problem and find ways to prevent and destroy the conflict.
The role of high-protein specialized food in increasing the adaptive athletes' potencial
Authors: Kobelkova Irina V. , Korosteleva Margarita M. , Kobelkova Maria S.
Published: December 2021

A balanced diet and intake of high-protein specialized foods plays a key role in expanding the adaptive potential of athletes and affects the effectiveness of the training process. However, a diet composed of traditional food products may not always provide protein intake adequate to the high physiological needs of athletes, and therefore in some cases it is advisable to introduce high-protein specialized foods products.
Specialized products for athletes are subdivided, depending on the component composition and individual physiological needs of the athlete, taking into account sports specialization and the phase of the sports cycle, into high-protein, protein-carbohydrate, carbohydrate-protein, high-carbohydrate; carbohydrate-mineral drinks, isotonic, hypotonic, as well as biologically active food additives.
The article presents the basic principles of the use of specialized food products in the nutrition of athletes. A brief description of the protein components most commonly used in this product group is given. It has been shown that the intake of high-protein specialized food products that combine various types of proteins provides not only the maximum speed of recovery processes, but also stimulates anabolic reactions aimed at increasing muscle body mass, thereby affecting an increase in sports performance.
Biomedical rationale in the development of formulations of innovative specialized food products, the main component of which is protein, should be a leading factor in the use of raw materials and technical base for effective use in the training system of athletes.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING IN SOIL BIOKINETICS
Authors: Glagolev Mikhail Vladimirovich
Published: December 2021

This work is a report written at the suggestion of Ph.d. N. S. Panikov in 1985 when the author was a 2nd-year student of the Faculty of Soil Science of the M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University.
The report provides an example of a mathematical model of soil biokinetics and discusses numerical methods for solving its constituent equations. For the steady state, some useful computer programs are given, and for the non steady state, references to programs published in the literature are given.
Propofol Inhibits Lung Cancer Invasion and Metastasis by Attenuating Icam-1/ Mmp-9 Axis
Authors: Huang Xin , Liang Guangbin , Mo Jian , Liang Weiming , Ge Fengmin , He Haiyan , Li Daheng
Published: December 2021

Objective: To investigate the effect of propofol on invasion and metastasis of A549 cells and the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) / matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) axis.Methods: A549 cells were treated with gradient doses of propofol (25, 50, 100 ng/ml)
and different times (12, 24 h). The influences of propofol on ICAM-1 mRNA of A549 cells were observed by qRT-PCR, and the roles of different concentrations of propofol on ICAM-1 and MMP-9 protein and invasion ability were detected by Western Blot and Transwell assay, respectively.Results:
The maximum inhibitory influence of propofol was achieved in group 100μg/ml for 24 h. ICAM-1 and MMP-9 protein in the treatment group with 25, 50 and 100μg/ml propofol for 24 h were significantly lower than those in the control group. The number of migrated and invaded cells in the 25,
50 and 100 ng/ml propofol treatment group for 24 h was significantly lower than that in the blank group.Condusion: ICAM-1 protein and MMP-9 protein in human lung cancer A549 cells could be down-regulated after treatment with 50 and 100μg/ml propofol, and the invasion and metastasis ability
of A549 cells could be attenuated through ICAM-1/MMP-9 axis.
Effect of Propofol and Dexmedetomidine on Pulmonary Injury in Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome during Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Liu Wei , Xu Wei
Published: December 2021

Objective: This research intended to explore the role of propofol and dexmedetomidine on pulmonary injury in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) during mechanical ventilation. Methods: A total of 150 ARDS patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in our hospital
from January 2017 to May 2019 were randomly grouped into dexmedetomidine group (n=50), propofol group (n=50) and joint group (n=50). The changes of heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure in the three groups were compared. Elisa was applied to test the changes of inflammatory
factors interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) on the first, second and third days after mechanical ventilation. The pulmonary injury score before sedation and after sedation for 2 days (Table 2) was tested. Secondary outcome measures: the incidence of adverse reactions after
anesthesia was observed. Results: After sedation, the mean artery pressure and heart rate of the three groups were significantly lower than those before sedation (P < 0.05). After sedation, the expressions of IL-6 and TNF-a in joint group were significantly lower than those in propofol
and dexmedetomidine group (P < 0.05). Two-day pulmonary injury scores of the three groups showed that different sedation schemes had positive effects on improving pulmonary injury scores (P < 0.05), and the expressions of IL-6 and TNF-a declined with the decline of pulmonary injury scores.
The incidence of adverse reactions in joint group was significantly higher than that in propofol group and dexmedetomidine group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Propofol and dexmedetomidine can effectively improve the effect of pulmonary injury in ARDS patients during mechanical ventilation, and
slow down the occurrence of inflammatory reaction, which is an effective scheme of sedation in clinical mechanical ventilation.
Safety of Different Doses of Ulinastatin Combined with Remifentanil in the Treatment of Severe Sepsis in ICU and Their effect on Survival Rate and Organ Function of Patients
Authors: Min Luo , Li Li , Yi-lin Liu , Lei Su , Zhi-feng Liu
Published: December 2021

Objective. The purpose was to explore the safety of different doses of ulinastatin combined with remifentanil in the treatment of severe sepsis in ICU and to analyze their effect on survival rate and organ function of patients. Methods. 57 patients with severe sepsis in ICU admitted
to our hospital (2018.1.1-2021.6.30) were selected as the research subjects, and randomly divided into control group (28 cases) and experimental group (29 cases). The control group was treated with conventional dose of ulinastatin combined with remifentanil, while the experimental group was
treated with high dose of ulinastatin combined with remifentanil to compare and analyze the treatment safety, organ function and survival rate in the two groups. Results. After treatment, the APACHE-II scores of both groups were lower than those before treatment, and the APACHE-II score in
the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in ventilator supporting time and ICU stay time between the two groups after treatment (P < 0.05). The expression levels of inflammatory factors in the experimental
group were lower than those in the control group after treatment (P < 0.05). The lung function and PICCO indexes in the experimental group were better than those in the control group after treatment (P < 0.05). The peripheral blood CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ and 28-day survival rate in the
experimental group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). No adverse drug reactions such as sudden vomiting, dyspnea and rash occurred in the two groups during the treatment. Conclusion. High-dose ulinastatin combined with remifentanil has good therapeutic effect on severe
sepsis in ICU. Compared with conventional dose, high-dose ulinastatin can effectively protect the body’s immune regulation, restore organ function and significantly improve the 28-day survival rate of patients, with medication safety, which has high value of clinical application and
promotion.
Current Situation of Human Resource Management in Tobacco Enterprises from the Perspective of Strategic Human Resource Management
Authors: Dong Zhenlin
Published: December 2021

Objectives: In order to promote the optimization of talent structure in tobacco industry, this paper studies the current situation of human resource management in tobacco enterprises from the perspective of strategic human resource management. Methods: This study is divided into
two stages: the first stage is literature research. The main purpose is to study the effect of different human resource management orientations on performance. The second stage is empirical research, which mainly focuses on the impact of government policies on entrepreneurial orientation,
the impact of human resources strategies on entrepreneurial orientation, and the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance. A total of 161 valid questionnaires were collected from the tobacco industry. Results: Among the three types of human resource strategies, cumulative
innovation and action leadership are significantly positively correlated at the level of 0.01, but the correlation with risk-taking is not significant. There is a significant positive correlation between assisted innovation and action leadership at the level of 0.01, but there is no significant
correlation with the dimension of risk-taking. The two dimensions of innovation and action leadership in human resource orientation have a positive impact on the two dimensions of financial performance and growth performance respectively. Conclusion: The cumulative human resource strategy
in the human resource strategy has a positive impact on the two dimensions of innovation and action leadership of the tobacco industry.
Exploring the Potential Pathogenic Mechanisms of Asthma Deterioration Based on Modular Drivers
Authors: Liu Jianhua , Zheng Liqing , Cao Liang , Zhang Changhong , Li Chen
Published: December 2021

Asthma is a complicated chronic airway inflammatory disease caused by the interaction of genetic susceptibility and environmental impact. Although biologists have explored the pathogenesis of asthma in various aspects, the exact molecular mechanism continues to be elusive. In this
study, we conducted a modular study of asthma-related genes to explore their core pathogenic driving genes. Firstly, the expression profiles of normal, mild to moderate and severe asthma patients were analyzed to screen the differentially expressed genes. Secondly, differential genes of asthma
were integrated, co-expressed and clustered into modules. Next, enrichment of GO function and KEGG pathway of module genes were analyzed. Finally, non-coding RNA (ncRNA) and transcription factors that regulate modules are predicted by hypergeometric test. In summary, we have obtained 14 co-expression
modules, among which CDCA5, JUNB and other genes are significantly differentially expressed in asthmatic patients, and have an active regulatory role in dysfunction module, so they are recognized as asthma-driving genes. Enrichment results showed that module genes were significantly involved
in cell growth, transcription factor activity, cellular response to drugs and the transport of various ions. In addition, they also radically regulate Wnt, TGF-beta, JAK-STAT and extracellular matrix signaling pathways. Finally, we identified significant regulatory dysfunction modules of ncRNA
pivot (including miR-181a-5p and let-7d-5p) and TF pivot (including NFKB1, ESR1 and MYC). Overall, our work has uncovered a co-expression network involved in the regulation of core pathogenic genes of asthma. It helps to reveal the core dysfunction modules and potential regulatory factors
of this disease, and to enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of asthma-related diseases.
Effect of Internal Iliac Artery Embolization Combined With Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy On Serum VEGF, HGF and IL-6 in Advanced Cervical Cancer
Authors: Li Xiaoru , Zhao Yan , Yu Tao
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to investigate the effect of internal iliac artery embolization combined with arterial infusion chemotherapy on serum VEGF, HGF and IL-6 in advanced cervical cancer. A total of 120 cases of patients with advanced cervical cancer and admitted to Binzhou Center Hospital
from January 2014 to March 2016 were selected as research subjects. Among them, 59 patients received arterial infusion chemotherapy were enrolled in the control group, and 61 patients received arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with internal iliac artery embolization were included in
the observation group. Treatment efficacy, serum VEGF, HGF and IL-6 expression, KPS score and QOL score, incidence of adverse reactions and 3-year survival rate of the two groups were recorded and compared. The result showed that the therapeutic effect of the observation group was significantly
higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The expression of serum VEGF, HGF and IL-6, KPS score and QOL score in the two groups were significantly improved after treatment, with more significant improvement in the observation group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences
in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). And the 3-year survival rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with internal iliac artery embolization
has a better effect than arterial infusion chemotherapy alone in treating patients with advanced cervical cancer. It can effectively prolong the survival of patients, along with good safety, which is worthy of clinical promotion
Association between BrainAgeR scores and Alzhemier’s disease brain and plasma biomarkers
Authors: Abughofah Yousaf , Risacher Shannon L.
Published: December 2021

Background: The goal of this project was to study the association between the age scores assigned by the BrainAgeR computer algorithm and AD biomarker levels in the blood and brain. 
Methods: 123 individuals from the Indiana Memory and Aging Study underwent amyloid ([18F]florbetapir or [18F]florbetaben) and Tau [18F]flortaucipir PET. Another set of 156 individuals from the Indiana Memory and Aging Study underwent plasma testing for Amyloid B 40/42, Tau and neurofilament light chain (NFL). Additionally, all participants underwent structural MRI and were processed using BrainAgeR to receive a “brain age” score. Partial Person correlation models were used to evaluate the relationship between BrainAge difference scores (Chronological age-BrainAge) and levels of Amyloid and Tau in the brain and plasma. Age and diagnosis were evaluated as covariates but did not change the observed pattern of results. 
Results: Significant negative association between BrainAge difference scores and Tau uptake was observed across the neuroimaging group. This correlation persisted when analysis was limited to MCI/AD subjects but was lost when analysis was only limited to CN/SCD subjects. Across all participants in the neuroimaging group, significant negative associations were found between BrainAge differences and the levels of Amyloid deposition in the global cortex. Significant positive association was found between AB42/40 ratio and BrainAge difference scores across the entire plasma group. Significant negative relationships found between NFL and AB40 and BrainAge difference scores when analyzed in the CN/SCD group, but no statistically significant relationship was found when only the MCI/AD group was analyzed. 
Conclusion: BrainAge difference scores had a statistically significant association with various biomarkers of AD depending on the level of diagnosis, with cognitively normal and less impaired subjects showing an association with plasma amyloid and more impaired subjects showing an association with Tau deposition in the brain. Future studies in larger samples are warranted.
Multi-combination therapy for temozolomide-resistant GBM: identification of temozolomide/small molecule inhibitor combinations that target the MDM2/p53 and PI3K-AKT/mTOR networks
Authors: Alfonso Anthony , Bailey Barbara J. , Dobrota Erika A. , Damayanti Nuri , Young M. Courtney , Pandya Pankita H. , Cohen-Gadol Aaron , Saadatzadeh Reza , Shannon Harlan E. , Pollok Karen E.
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant brain cancer in adults. Induction of the DNA damage response pathway by Temozolomide (TMZ), a DNA alkylating agent, activates p53 resulting in apoptosis. GBM can adapt by upregulatingthe pro-survival pathway regulator Protein Kinase B (AKT), which phosphorylates murine double minute 2 (MDM2) resulting in increased MDM2-mediated p53 ubiquitination. We hypothesize that a combination treatment of blood-brain-barrier penetrant small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) to AKT (GDC-0068) and MDM2 protein-protein interaction inhibitor (RG7388), will stabilize p53 expression and potentiate TMZ-mediated effects in a recurrent p53wt GBM xenoline.
Methods: Dose response assays followed by Calcusyn statistical analysis determined optimal combination dose ratios. Incucyte imaging analyzedconfluence throughout a treatment cycle. Cellular response was characterized by: 1) Western blotting 2) Flow cytometry with SPiDER β-Gal and FITC Annexin V/ Propidium Iodide to quantify senescent and apoptotic cells, respectively 3) p53 siRNA knockdown to examine p53 dependency in treated cells.
Results: Combination index identified synergismof TMZ in the presence of AKT and MDM2 inhibitors at clinically achievable concentrations. Incucyte confirmed a low-dose triple combination significantly inhibited tumor growth. Western blots detected low expression of cleaved PARP and elevated expression of p53 and p21 in RG7388-treated cells compared to vehicle, suggesting senescence-related growth inhibition. SPiDER β-Gal and FITC Annexin V/PI assays confirmed a high percentage of senescent cells and minimal apoptosis following combination treatment compared to vehicle or single SMI-treated cells. P53 siRNA knockdown confirmed that cell growth inhibition is p53 dependent in treated cells.
Conclusion: This study provides rationale for targeting p53 in recurrent p53wt GBM and reveals that senescence could function as a potential therapeutic resistance mechanism. In future studies, targeting of the MDM2-p53 network in the presence of a SM senescence inhibitor will be evaluated to determine if this increases GBM cell death.
Mineralized Tissue Changes Within the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Entheses Following a Tear
Authors: Nguyen Nicholas , Schlecht Stephen
Published: December 2021

Background: Thirty-percent of patients under 20 years of age suffer a primary ACL graft failure. Young patients show significant bone loss at the femoral ACL-bone insertion site (enthesis). We hypothesize that active bone resorption during ACL graft fixation contributes to poor graft survival in the young.  We investigated distal femoral and entheseal bone morphology changes after injury in a novel mouse model to determine if previously reported post-injury patient condition anti-translates to the mouse. Confirmation of a similar condition across species will allow us to use this model to spatially and temporally track physiologic processes within this critical region.  
 
Methods: We induced an in vivo ACL rupture in 24 10-week C57BL/6J female mice and sacrificed them at 7 and 28 post-injury. Both loaded ipsilateral and non-loaded contralateral knees were 3D imaged and distal femoral and ACL entheseal cortical regions have begun being analyzed. Traits analyzed include 1) cortical (Ct.) mean gray-value density, area (Ar.), thickness (Th.), and bone volume fraction (BV/TV) Statistics: two-way ANOVA and Tukey posthoc. 
 
Results: So far, mice are temporally demonstrating bone differences between injured and non-injured knees similar to that of patients at the time of ACL reconstructive surgery. By 7 days there is a steep decline in whole distal femoral epiphysis and ACL femoral entheseal Ct.Ar (-19.84% and -11.46%, respectively) and Ct.Th (-8.09% and -3.52%, respectively). The trend in Ct.Ar loss holds at 28 days (-40.95% and -8.32%, respectively), but not in Ct.Th, which substantially increases (6.26% and 11.05%, respectively). 
 
Conclusion: It appears bone loss is rapid following injury, and that by 28 days there is increased porosity within the cortex with new periosteal/endosteal bone formation counteracting this. If true, particularly within the entheseal region, this may prove problematic for long-term graft outcomes when surgery is performed at the time of significant macrophagic activity.
Association Between Neonatal Gut Microbiome and Infant Wheeze
Authors: Seay Aileen E. , Ross Sydney E. , Hemmerich Christopher M. , Rusch Douglas B. , Kloepfer Kirsten M.
Published: December 2021

Background: Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that affects 10% of children. Infant wheeze at 1 year and the subsequent development of asthma in early childhood has been associated with infant gut dysbiosis. However, little is known about the relationship between neonatal gut microbiome and the development of wheeze during the first 18 months of life. We hypothesize that the gut microbiome at birth and throughout the first 18 months of life is associated with infant wheeze. 
Project Methods: Stool samples were collected from infants at birth, 1, 3, and 12 months of age. The Illumina Miseq system was used to sequence the bacterial V4 region of 16S-rRNA gene. Mothur software was used for analysis. Statistical analysis was used to measure stool shannon diversity and evenness as they relate to timepoint and wheeze vs no wheeze groups. 
Results: The study population consisted of 28 infants (18 males and 10 females). 11% of participants reported they had been diagnosed with wheeze by a physician (n=3). Statistical analysis of shannon diversity showed no differences in the stool between participants who wheeze vs those who do not wheeze (p=0.78). No difference in stool evenness was detected between participants who reported wheeze vs no wheeze (p=0.71). However, this analysis includes multiple timepoints. Analysis of stool shannon diversity across timepoints did show a significant difference in stool microbiome (p=0.01). 
Conclusion: No differences in stool microbiome were found between infants who do not wheeze and those who do. Further studies can investigate a greater number of samples at each timepoint and relate these to objective measures such as pulmonary function tests. Understanding the association between infant gut dysbiosis and wheeze could have implications for predicting development of asthma in early childhood and potentially lead to targeted interventions.
Osteal Macrophages and Megakaryocytes Increase Adipogenesis
Authors: Tewari Nikhil , Kanagasabapathy Deepa , Blosser Rachel J. , Srour Edward F. , Bruzzaniti Angela , Kacena Melissa A.
Published: December 2021

Bone marrow adipose tissue (MAT) increases with aging and contributes to low bone density and skeletal fractures. However, the cells and factors within the bone marrow (BM) that regulate adipogenesis remain poorly understood. In the current study, we examined the role of osteal macrophages (OMs) and megakaryocytes (MKs) on the regulation of adipogenesis. We cultured murine osteoblasts/osteoblast progenitors (OBs from hereon) derived from neonatal calvarial cells (CCs, a combination of OBs and OMs) or OBs isolated by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) in the presence or absence of fetal liver derived murine MK. The cells underwent induced adipogenesis for 5-7 days by supplementation of media with insulin, indomethacin, and dexamethasone, and then the number of adipocytes was quantified.   We found that co-culturing MKs and OMs with OBs results in up to a 7.8-fold and 11.7-fold increase in adipocytes, respectively. We also elucidated that thrombopoietin (TPO), the major growth factor for MKs, inhibits adipogenesis in both OBs and CCs by approximately 60%. Similarly, we found that CCs and OBs derived from mice deficient in the TPO receptor, Mpl, had approximately 30% more adipocytes than their wild-type (WT) counterparts. Finally, in vitro findings were corroborated in vivo through quantification of MKs and adipocytes in mice in which MK number was elevated or reduced. Mice with significantly higher numbers of BM-residing MKs also had significantly higher numbers of BM-residing adipocytes. Because there is typically an inverse relationship between adipogenesis and osteogenesis, understanding ways to inhibit adipogenesis could lead to an increase in OB number and bone formation, which in turn could lead to new treatments for bone loss diseases such as osteoporosis.
Modelling Bacterial Metabolite Regulation of Vaginal Epithelial Cell Signaling in Bacterial Vaginosis
Authors: Trinh Alan , Chan Deva , Brubaker Douglas
Published: December 2021

Background and Hypothesis
Bacterial vaginosis, which is the imbalance of normal vaginal microbiota, contributes to preterm delivery, vaginitis, and decreased drug efficacy. Despite metronidazole efficacy in reducing BV contributing organisms, BV continues to recur in 50% of patients. Previous studies showing imidazole propionate’s role in the pathogenesis of type II diabetes suggest that similar metabolite-regulated pathways in vaginal microbiomes may be the key in pathogenesis of uterine diseases such as BV. Thus, the purpose of this study was to observe the relationship between vaginal metabolites, host or microbiome-derived, and transcriptomic responses in vaginal epithelial tissues stratified by vaginal microbiome composition (“microbiome group”). The hypothesis was that differences in vaginal microbiome composition result in differential regulation of metabolite-host pathway functional relationships.
Project Methods
Transcript levels and metabolite concentrations precollected from 23 East African women were processed and analyzed via R. Transcriptomic data were converted into KEGG pathway enrichment scores via ssGSEA2.0, a package within R. Enrichment scores were correlated (Spearman) with metabolite levels by microbiome group and lactobacillus dominant phenotypes, and relationships were visualized via Heatmap3 and Cytoscape.
Results:
The results showed varying strengths in correlation among metabolites and KEGG pathway enrichment scores after filtering for strong correlations (R > |0.5|) and significance (p< 0.05). Nonlactobacillus dominant microbiomes showed fewer strongly associated metabolite-KEGG pathway relationships compared to the lactobacillus dominant microbiome group, specifically the imidazole-related networks.
Conclusion:
In this study, variations in significant correlations among metabolites and KEGG pathways suggests that microbiome diversity may contribute to how metabolites regulate host pathways in vaginal epithelial cells. The reduced pathway interactions observed in imidazole compounds suggests that dysregulation may contribute to recurrence of bacterial vaginosis. This method of modelling could be used to characterize the regulation of critical pathways associated with the pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis.
Instability in Patients with Lumbar Spine Disease or Fusion Undergoing Posterior Approach vs. Lateral Approach Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Parihar Amritdev , Deckard Evan R. , Buller Leonard T. , Meneghini R. Michael
Published: December 2021

Background and Hypothesis: 
Dislocation rates after total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with fixed spinopelvic motion due to lumbar spine disease or fusion have been reported as high as 20%. Few studies exist that compare dislocation rates in patients with spine pathology undergoing THA via different surgical approaches. The purpose of this study was to compare postoperative dislocation rates in patients with lumbar spine disease or fusion between those undergoing a primary THA using a posterior versus direct lateral surgical approach. 
 
Experimental Design or Project Methods: 
With IRB approval, 1,205 primary THAs performed by two surgeons were retrospectively reviewed. One surgeon routinely performs THAs with a posterior approach while the other surgeon routinely uses a direct lateral approach. Chart review from the electronic medical record was conducted to identify patients who have lumbar spine disease or a lumbar spine fusion. Dislocations for patients with and without lumbar spine disease were compared by posterior approach and direct lateral approach. 
 
Results:  
767 posterior approach and 431 direct lateral approach THAs were available for analysis.  43.6% of all THAs had lumbar spine pathology (337/767 posterior and 185/431 direct lateral). The overall dislocation rate was 1.26% (15/1195).  The main predictors of dislocation in binary logistic regression were the presence of lumbar spine pathology (OR 5.24, 95% CI: 1.47–18.69, p=0.018) and posterior surgical approach (OR 7.93, 95% CI: 1.04–60.6, p=0.046).  The dislocation rate for direct lateral approach THAs with lumbar spine pathology was significantly lower compared to posterior approach THAs with lumbar spine pathology (0.0% vs 3.6%, p=0.011). 
 
Conclusion and Potential Impact:  
Although there were few dislocations, the study results suggest a direct lateral approach for primary THA may be beneficial to reduce postoperative dislocation for patients with limited spinopelvic motion due to lumbar spine pathology.