bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probing active site geometry using high pressure and secondary isotope effects in an enzyme‐catalysed ‘deep’ H‐tunnelling reaction
Authors: Hay Sam , Pudney Christopher R. , Sutcliffe Michael J. , Scrutton Nigel S.
Published: February 2010

We report the first study of the effects of hydrostatic pressure on α‐2° KIEs for an enzyme‐catalysed H‐transfer reaction that occurs by ‘deep’ tunnelling. High pressure causes a significant decrease in the observed α‐2° KIE on the pre‐steady‐state hydride transfer from NADH to FMN in the flavoprotein morphinone reductase. We have recently shown that high pressure causes a reduction in macroscopic reaction barrier width for this reaction. Using DFT vibrational analysis of a simple active site model, we posit that the decrease in α‐2° KIE with pressure may arise due to a decrease in the vibrational coupling between the NADH primary (transferred) and secondary hydrogens in the ‘tunnelling ready configuration’, which more closely resembles the reactant state than the transition state. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chirality sensing of chiral pyrrolidines and piperazines with a liquid crystalline dynamic helical poly(phenylacetylene) bearing ethyl phosphonate pendant groups
Authors: Morimoto Masao , Tamura Kazumi , Nagai Kanji , Yashima Eiji
Published: February 2010

Stereoregular cis‐transoidal poly(phenylacetylene) bearing a phosphonic acid monoethyl ester as the pendant group (poly‐1‐H) was found to form a preferred‐handed helix upon complexation with various optically active pyrrolidines and piperazines in dilute dimethyl sulfoxide and water, and the complexes exhibited characteristic induced circular dichroisms (ICDs) in the UV‐vis region of the polymer backbone. The Cotton effect signs in water reflect the absolute configuration of the pyrrolidines. The sodium salt of poly‐1‐H (poly‐1‐Na) and poly‐1‐H in the presence of optically active amines formed lyotropic nematic and cholesteric liquid crystalline phases in concentrated water solutions, respectively, indicating the rigid‐rod characteristic of the polymer main chain regardless of the lack of a single‐handed helix, as evidenced by the long persistence length of about 18 nm before and after the preferred‐handed helicity induction in the polymer. X‐ray diffraction of the oriented films of the nematic and cholesteric liquid crystalline polymers exhibited almost the same diffraction pattern, suggesting that both polymers have the same helical structure; dynamically racemic and one‐handed helices, respectively. On the basis of the X‐ray analysis, a possible helical structure of poly‐1 is proposed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 1383–1390, 2010
Effect of pH and generation of dendron on single‐step synthesis of gold nanoparticles using PEGylated polyamidoamine dendron in aqueous medium
Authors: Harada Atsushi , Yuzawa Akihiko , Kato Takeshi , Kojima Chie , Kono Kenji
Published: February 2010

Three types of PEGylated polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrons were synthesized through PEGylation of primary amines at the periphery of second, third, and fourth generation dendrons. Au(III) precursors and the synthesized PEGylated PAMAM dendrons were mixed at various pHs to evaluate the effect of pH on gold nanoparticle (Au NP) synthesis by monitoring the change in surface plasmon resonance. The Au NP synthesis reaction was controlled by pH through the balance between protonated and deprotonated tertiary amines and the reactivity of Au(III) precursors. By using PEGylated PAMAM dendrons with higher generation, the obtained Au NPs had narrow size distribution with small average size because of the limitation of intermolecular space among PEGylated PAMAM dendrons for the growth to Au NP. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 1391–1398, 2010
Interphase development in a three‐component polymer system with asymmetric mobility
Authors: Miguel María de la Paz , Tomba J. Pablo
Published: February 2010

We report a study on the interphase evolution in a system composed by three polymeric components with markedly different mobility distributed between two layers. One of the layers is a low‐Tg blend containing a low molecular weight polystyrene (PS) as a plasticizer (low‐M PS) and PS chains with much higher molecular weight (high‐M PS). The counterpart is a high‐Tg layer composed by polyphenylene oxide. The system was annealed at several temperatures between Tg of the polymer layers and the subsequent interphase development probed by optical sectioning with confocal Raman microspectroscopy. The profiles obtained revealed the existence of two diffusion fronts that advance in opposite directions, both showing a similar response with time and temperature. These fronts act as well‐defined boundaries that structure the interphase into three well‐defined regions with almost constant PS volume fraction. We discuss this particular phenomenology proposing a simple diffusion model that describes the main interphase features. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 627–633, 2010
Crystallinity effect on the gas transport in semicrystalline coextruded films based on linear low density polyethylene
Authors: Compañ Vicente , Del Castillo L. F. , Hernández S. I. , López‐González M. Mar , Riande Evaristo
Published: February 2010

This article describes the diffusion and permeability of oxygen, carbon dioxide, methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, and propylene in 1‐octene based polyethylene of densities 0.94, 0.92, 0.904, and 0.87. The isotherms obtained in the time‐lag experimental device display a diffusion coefficient and permeability behavior similar to that of glassy polymers. We apply the dual model to semicrystalline polymers assuming that Henry's sites are related to the amorphous phase, which decreases when the crystallinity percentage increases. Whereas the interphase of the polymeric matrix and the crystalline phase prevails and acts as Langmuir sites. Their effect is to increase both, the tortuosity of diffusion trajectories and the chain immobilization. We now explain this effect using thermodynamic considerations. In fact, the tortuosity is related to the change in activation entropy, and the chain immobilization to the cohesive energy of the polymeric matrix. In those terms, the diffusion coefficient does not follow the same crystalline percentage dependence than the solubility. According to the previous findings, the solubility changes in proportion to amorphous percentages. Instead, diffusion coefficient has exponential dependence. Furthermore, we show that the permeability changes as a consequence of the modification of diffusion and solubility, according to the product of both quantities. Comparison with previous publication has been included. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 634–642, 2010
The POSS side chain epoxy nanocomposite: Synthesis and thermal properties
Authors: Chiu Yie‐Chan , Riang Linawati , Chou I‐Chen , Ma Chen‐Chi M. , Chiang Chin‐Lung , Yang Cheng‐Chien
Published: February 2010

The IPI‐POSS‐modified epoxy resin (IPEP) was prepared from isocyanato‐propyldinethylsilyl‐isobutyl‐POSS (IPI‐POSS) and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy resin. The steric hindrance of the IPEP bulky POSS side chain improved the curing activation energies. The POSS particles sizes were about 2–3 nm and dispersed uniformly. At lower IPEP concentration (POSS < 12 wt %), the glass transition temperatures (Tgs) of the IPEP nanocomposites increased from 118 to 170 °C. The char yield increased from 15 to 20 wt %, and the LOI values increased from 22 to 28. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 643–652, 2010
Chain confinement in polymer nanocomposites and its effect on polymer bulk properties
Authors: Termonia Yves
Published: February 2010

The issue of chain confinement in nanocomposites remains largely unanswered because experimental systems are plagued by additional complicating variables such as particle–polymer interactions and free volume increases brought upon by the addition of the particles. Using computer simulation of high length chain polymers, we show that simple excluded volume interactions between polymer and nanoparticles lead to a wealth of changes in the diffusion coefficient and entanglement density of the chains. This opens up the possibility of using nanoparticles for tuning polymer properties, such as toughness, melt viscosity, and transient rubberlike behavior. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 687–692, 2010
Organoclay/thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer nanocomposites. III. Effects of fully exfoliated organoclay on morphology, thermal, and rheological properties
Authors: Tang Youhong , Gao Ping , Ye Lin , Zhao Chengbi
Published: February 2010

A fully exfoliated organoclay in thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP) based nanocomposite was prepared by a method combining ultrasonication, centrifugation, solution casting, and heat‐shearing separation. Morphological study showed that the organoclays of 15–25 nm in size dispersed uniformly in TLCP with fully exfoliated structures. The organoclays formed molecular level interactions with TLCP molecules. The interactions did not affect the liquid crystallinity and mesophase structure of TLCP, but they affected the thermal stability and thermal properties of TLCP, increasing the thermal stability and shifting the transition temperatures to the higher ends. Mechanical rheology investigations in the linear viscoelastic region showed that with the exfoliated organoclay in TLCP, more obvious pseudosolidlike behavior appeared in the terminal region. The rigidity of TLCP was enhanced by the presence of the exfoliated organoclay with percolated structures in the TLCP matrix. In steady shear tests, the nanocomposite had the similar shear viscosity and N1 (the first normal stress difference) to those of TLCP in the steady state condition. Percolated structures were easily destroyed by sufficient shear strain and the exfoliated organoclays were oriented along the shear direction, even assisting the neighboring TLCP molecules to align in the flow direction, resulting in a decrease of viscosity and an increase of the N1 slope. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 712–720, 2010
Glycosylation of liver acute‐phase proteins in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Sarrats Ariadna , Saldova Radka , Pla Eva , Fort Esther , Harvey David J. , Struwe Weston B. , de Llorens Rafael , Rudd Pauline M. , Peracaula Rosa
Published: February 2010

Purpose: Glycosylation of acute‐phase proteins (APP), which is partially regulated by cytokines, may be distinct in disease and provide useful tumour markers. Thus, we have examined the glycosylation of major serum APP in pancreatic cancer (PaC), chronic pancreatitis (CP) and control patients.

Experimental design: Using a specific anti‐sialyl Lewis X antibody and N‐glycan sequencing, we have determined glycosylation changes on α‐1‐acid glycoprotein (AGP), haptoglobin (HPT), fetuin (FET), α‐1‐antitrypsin (AT) and transferrin (TRF).

Results: Increased levels of sialyl Lewis X (SLex) were detected on AGP in advanced PaC and CP and on HPT, FET, AT and TRF in CP. An increase in N‐glycan branching was detected on AGP and HPT in the advanced stage of PaC and CP and on FET and TRF in the CP. A core fucosylated structure was increased on AGP and HPT only in the advanced PaC patients.

Conclusions and clinical relevance: Changes in APP SLex and branching are probably associated with an inflammatory response because they were detected in both advanced PaC and CP patients and these conditions give rise to inflammation. On the contrary, the increase in APP core fucosylation could be cancer associated and the presence of this glycoform may give an advantage to the tumour.
Variance‐corrected proportional hazard models for the analysis of multiple failures in personal computers
Authors: Sunethra A. A. , Sooriyarachchi M. R.
Published: February 2010

Proportional hazard (PH) modeling is widely used in several areas of study to estimate the effect of covariates on event timing. In this paper, this model is explored for the analysis of multiple occurrences of hardware failures in personal computers. Multiple failure events consist of correlated data, and thus the assumption of independence among failure times is violated. This study critically describes a class of models known asvariance‐corrected PH modelsfor modeling multiple failure time data, without assuming independence among failure times. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of the computer brand on event timings of hardware failures and to test whether this effect varies over multiple failure occurrences. This study revealed that the computer brand affects hardware failure event timing and that further, this effect of the brand does not change over the multiple failure occurrences. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of N‐glycans from Ebola virus glycoproteins by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation time‐of‐flight and negative ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ritchie Gayle , Harvey David J. , Stroeher Ute , Feldmann Friederike , Feldmann Heinz , Wahl‐Jensen Victoria , Royle Louise , Dwek Raymond A. , Rudd Pauline M.
Published: February 2010

The larger fragment of the transmembrane glycoprotein (GP1) and the soluble glycoprotein (sGP) of Ebola virus were expressed in human embryonic kidney cells and the secreted products were purified from the supernatant for carbohydrate analysis. The N‐glycans were released with PNGase F from within sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) gels. Identification of the glycans was made with normal‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry, negative ion electrospray ionisation fragmentation mass spectrometry and exoglycosidase digestion. Most glycans were complex bi‐, tri‐ and tetra‐antennary compounds with reduced amounts of galactose. No bisected compounds were detected. Triantennary glycans were branched on the 6‐antenna; fucose was attached to the core GlcNAc residue. Sialylated glycans were present on sGP but were largely absent from GP1, the larger fragment of the transmembrane glycoprotein. Consistent with this was the generally higher level of processing of carbohydrates found on sGP as evidenced by a higher percentage of galactose and lower levels of high‐mannose glycans than were found on GP1. These results confirm and expand previous findings on partial characterisation of the Ebola virus transmembrane glycoprotein. They represent the first detailed data on carbohydrate structures of the Ebola virus sGP. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of water velocity and turbulence on the behaviour of Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei, Steindachner 1864) in an experimental pool‐type fishway
Authors: Silva Ana T. , Santos José M. , Ferreira Maria T. , Pinheiro António N. , Katopodis Christos
Published: February 2010

The restoration of fish passage has been focused on anadromous fish species, whilst studies accommodating passage of coarse species have often been considered incidental, yet frequently these are the predominant group of species encountered in rivers. In addition, fishway designs depend greatly on the interplay between hydraulics and biomechanics, yet very little data are available on the responses to specific hydraulic settings for these species. This study aims to explore the effects of water velocity and turbulence on the behaviour of a cyprinid species ‐ the Iberian barbel Luciobarbus bocagei (Steindachner, 1864) ‐ particularly their upstream movements upon different discharges (38.5 to 77.0 L · s−1), through an indoor full scale pool‐type fishway prototype. Larger adults had a higher passage success (mean = 79%) and took less time (mean ± SD (min): 5.7 ± 1.3) to negotiate the entire six pool fishway, when compared to small adults. Correlation analysis between hydraulic variables and fish transit time yielded different results. Correlations were found to be the highest between the horizontal component of Reynolds shear stress and fish transit time, particularly for smaller size‐individuals (r = −0.45; p < 0.001), highlighting this variable as a key‐parameter which strongly determines the movements of Iberian barbel. The present study identified key factors on Iberian barbel movements that may have direct application to future fishway designs for this species and for other ‘weak’ swimmers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Obstetric morbidity associated with amniotic sheets
Authors: Nelson L. D. , Grobman W. A.
Published: February 2010

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine whether amniotic sheets are associated with an increase in obstetric and neonatal morbidity.

Methods

Using a cohort study design, we identified all women with amniotic sheets, detected by a second‐trimester ultrasound examination at a university hospital over a 6‐year period. All women who received an ultrasound examination during that time, without a diagnosis of amniotic sheets, were also identified, and two women from among this group were randomly selected as controls for each case. Maternal and neonatal data were abstracted from the medical records, and maternal and neonatal morbidity were compared between the two groups.

Results

One hundred and twenty‐two women with pregnancies with a diagnosis of amniotic sheets were identified and compared to 244 women with pregnancies without a diagnosis of amniotic sheets. Composite obstetric morbidity was higher in women with amniotic sheets: 21.3% vs. 8.2% (relative risk (RR) 2.6; 95% CI, 1.5–4.5). Additionally, in women with amniotic sheets, neonates were more likely to be born with a birth weight of < 2500 g (RR 3.3; 95% CI, 1.8–6.4) and were more likely to be admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (RR 2.3; 95% CI, 1.3–4.3). There were no perinatal deaths observed in either group.

Conclusion

Amniotic sheets are associated with an increase in adverse obstetric outcomes. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can adverse neonatal outcome be predicted in late preterm or term fetal growth restriction?
Authors: Vergani P. , Roncaglia N. , Ghidini A. , Crippa I. , Cameroni I. , Orsenigo F. , Pezzullo J.
Published: February 2010

Objective

To identify independent predictors of adverse neonatal outcome in cases of fetal growth restriction (FGR) at ≥ 34 weeks.

Methods

From a cohort of 481 FGR cases delivered at ≥ 34 weeks, demographic and obstetric variables, fetal biometry and Doppler indices of the uterine, umbilical and fetal middle cerebral arteries available within 2 weeks of delivery, were related to adverse neonatal outcome, defined as admission to the neonatal intensive care unit for indications other than low birth weight alone.

Results

Logistic regression analysis showed that gestational age (GA) at delivery (odds ratio (OR) = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.50–0.70), abdominal circumference (AC) centile (OR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.59–0.81) and umbilical artery (UA) pulsatility index (PI) centile (OR = 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01–1.04) significantly correlated with adverse neonatal outcome. From this model we calculated a score of adverse neonatal outcome expressed by the formula: (UA‐PI centile/3) − (10 × AC centile) + (10 × (40 − GA at delivery in weeks)). Receiver–operating characteristics curve analysis demonstrated that a score of ≥ 25 optimally predicted adverse neonatal outcome (sensitivity of 75%, false‐positive rate of 18%). Beyond 37.5 weeks, gestational age no longer had an independent impact on outcome.

Conclusions

In late preterm or term FGR, GA at delivery is the most important predictor of adverse neonatal outcome. At > 37.5 weeks, delivery may be the best option to minimize adverse outcome in all FGR cases. At 34–37 weeks, a score based on GA at delivery, UA‐PI centile and AC centile optimally predicts adverse neonatal outcome. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Removal of Autografted Parathyroid Tissue for Recurrent Renal Hyperparathyroidism in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Tominaga Yoshihiro , Matsuoka Susumu , Uno Nobuaki , Tsuzuki Toyonori , Hiramitsu Takahisa , Goto Norihiko , Nagasaka Takaharu , Watarai Yoshihiko , Uchida Kazuharu
Published: February 2010

Background

Recurrent renal hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is a serious problem after parathyroidectomy (PTx). We evaluated the frequency of graft‐dependent recurrent HPT and the clinical outcomes after removal of the autograft.

Methods

Between March 1980 and January 2009, 2660 patients underwent total PTx with forearm autograft. After resection of all parathyroid glands, 30 pieces of 1 × 1 × 3 mm parathyroid tissue from diffuse hyperplasia, if possible, were autografted into brachioradial muscle. Graft‐dependent recurrence of HPT was diagnosed by a high PTH gradient and detection of swollen autografts by palpation and/or MRI or US.

Results

In 248/2660 (9.3%) patients, removal of the graft was required a total of 327 times (53 patients required removal of the autograft several times). The cumulative frequency of graft‐dependent recurrent HPT was 17.4% ten years after the initial PTx. Thirty‐two patients underwent both resection of missed glands located in the neck or mediastinum and removal of the graft. En‐bloc resection of autograft with surrounding muscle was required to avoid reoperation. When the intact PTH level dropped under 300 pg/ml, in the majority of patients renal HPT could be medically managed after the operation. The mean weight of the resected parathyroid tissue was 1583.7 mg. No specimen had histopathologically malignant features. Three patients suffered from hematoma in the wound.

Conclusions

Graft‐dependent recurrent renal HPT is not negligible. However, in the majority of patients, renal HPT can be controlled by removal of the autograft noninvasively. Total PTx with forearm autograft is preferable for hemodialysis patients, especially when long‐term survival is expected.
Enhanced Intracellular Heat Shock Protein 70 Expression of Leukocytes and Serum Interleukins Release: Comparison of On‐pump and Off‐pump Coronary Artery Surgery
Authors: Lin Chih‐Yuan , Yang Tung‐Lin , Hong Gou‐Jieng , Li Chi‐Yuan , Lin Feng‐Yen , Tsai Chien‐Sung
Published: February 2010

Background

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) employing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB; “on‐pump” technique) is known to induce a systemic inflammatory response and heat‐shock protein 70 kDa (HSP70) expression. The objective of the present study was to investigate the perioperative intracellular HSP70 expression of leukocytes and serum interleukin (IL) release in CABG conducted with both on‐pump and off‐pump techniques.

Methods

Thirty‐seven patients referred for elective CABG were enrolled in this study. These patients were categorized into the following three groups: on‐pump cardioplegic arrest (n = 12); on‐pump beating heart (n = 13); and off‐pump (n = 12). Blood samples were collected at four time points during the perioperative period. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the serum level of IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐12, and HSP70. Flow cytometric analysis of intracellular HSP70 was performed in populations of lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes.

Results

The clinical outcomes were comparable among the three groups. Elevated serum IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐12 were found in all three groups during the perioperative period. Serum HSP70 was elevated in all three groups and was significantly lower in the off‐pump group than in the on‐pump cardioplegic arrest and on‐pump beating‐heart groups. Heat shock protein‐70 expression was found in leukocytes and showed a faster response in monocytes and granulocytes than in lymphocytes. The inflammatory response in the off‐pump group was less than in either of the on‐pump groups.

Conclusions

During the perioperative period, activation of inflammatory response was associated with enhanced expression of HSP70 within leukocytes in CABG patients.
The integration of human resource and operation management practices and its link with performance: A longitudinal latent class study
Authors: de Menezes Lilian M. , Wood Stephen , Gelade Garry
Published: February 2010

This paper reviews the literature on the association between lean production and performance. From this, propositions on the integration and evolution of operation and human resource management practices associated with the lean production concept are developed. Using 24 years of data on the use of seven core OM and HRM practices in British manufacturing firms, the potential link between integration in the use of practices and productivity is tested. In each year, three latent clusters are identified via ordered restricted latent class models; the cluster that consistently makes a more integrated use of practices outperforms the others. Furthermore, the longitudinal nature of the data permits modeling the growth curves of each practice in the sample, recognizing any similarity in growth and investigating whether or not an early integration in adoption of practices is associated with higher final productivity. The results show that pioneers are more productive, thus suggesting that the head start in integrating core OM and HRM practices associated with the lean production concept has paid off.
The Theology of the Letter to the Hebrews
Authors: Lindars Barnabas
Published: February 2010

The Letter to the Hebrews is of particular significance for the most important explanation of the sacrificial death of Christ contained in the New Testament. In this study, Barnabas Lindars explains the circumstances in which it was written, and expounds the writer's argument at length. At each stage in his survey the teaching of Hebrews is related to the major topics of New Testament theology, so that the distinctive character of the Letter's contribution can be assessed in depth. At the same time this topical arrangement serves the purpose of a systematic theology, so that the reader can discover what Hebrews has to say on such subjects as christology, the atoning death of Jesus, the new covenant, the Holy Spirit, and the use of the Old Testament. Special attention is paid to the rhetorical power of the Epistle, which is seen to mark it out as a work of great persuasive power, written in response to an urgent practical situation. A summary chapter indicates the place of Hebrews in the context of the development of early Christianity, while a final section assesses the influence Hebrews has had on subsequent Christian theology, and the way it has been used as a resource for liturgy and worship from ancient times to the present.
White-Collar Crime in Modern England
Authors: Robb George
Published: February 2010

In the period between the 1840s and the 1920s the British economy was transformed, from small-scale capitalism dominated by individual traders and partnerships to a complex financial structure dominated by large, joint-stock companies. The tremendous growth of big business created a world of new opportunities for criminal exploitation. The promotion and management of public companies and the trading of commercial securities proved vulnerable to the white-collar crimes of fraud and embezzlement. Problems of financial fraud were exacerbated by a climate of laissez-faire which championed the most permissive commercial legislation in the world, and white-collar crime wreaked havoc on the modern British economy. This new book examines the spread of white-collar crime from the Victorian period to the early twentieth century and offers a new perspective on modern scandals.
A Walk through the Southern Sky
Authors: Heifetz Milton , Tirion Wil
Published: February 2010

What star is that? Where is the Southern Cross? Who was Orion? This book answers these questions and many more. Its unique simplified maps make it easy to find the constellations in the southern hemisphere skies, and the stars within them. Clear instructions guide the user on how to gauge sizes and distances, and move easily between constellations. This new edition has been updated with additional mythology information, and a list of the planet positions up to 2016. The ancient myths and legends of the sky are retold to add to the mystery of the stars. Of value to all ages, this book introduces the patterns of the starry skies in a memorable way. No equipment is needed to use this practical guide: apart from normal sight and clear skies. Magically illustrated, this is an ideal introduction to launch the young astronomer on a journey across the starlit skies.
Adam Smith's Politics
Authors: Winch Donald
Published: February 2010

For most of the two hundred years or so that have passed since the publication of the Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith's writings on political and economic questions have been viewed within a liberal capitalist perspective of nineteenth- and twentieth- century provenance. This essay in interpretation seeks to provide a more historical reading of certain political themes which recur in Smith's writings by bringing eighteenth-century perspectives to bear on the problem. Contrary to the view that sees Smith's work as marking the point at which 'politics' was being eclipsed by 'economics', it claims that Smith has a 'politics' which goes beyond certain political attitudes connected with the role of the state in economic affairs. It argues that he employs a consistent mode of political analysis which cannot be encompassed within the standard liberal capitalist categories, but can be understood by reference to the language and qualities of contemporary political debate, and of the eighteenth-century science of politics cultivated by Montesquieu and, above all, Hume, particularly as revealed by recent scholarship. A concluding chapter draws the various strands of the interpretation together to form a portrait of what Smith might legitimately be said to have been doing when he wrote on these matters.
Studies in Tudor and Stuart Politics and Government
Authors: Elton G. R.
Published: February 2010

This collection features the publication of Sir Geoffrey Elton's articles and reviews, published between 1982 and 1990, in continuation of three previous volumes. Volume IV contains a group of pieces on sixteenth-century government and politics, and more especially on aspects of the Reformation, on the continent as well as in England, with some attention to Martin Luther and an essay on Lancelot Andrewes. Several pieces deal with parliament under the Tudors. A second group, 'on Historians', reprints an appraisal of Sir Herbert Butterfield and three substantial reviews on historiographical problems.
Studies in Tudor and Stuart Politics and Government
Authors: Elton G. R.
Published: February 2010

The papers collected in these volumes revolve around the political, constitutional and personal problems of the English government between the end of the fifteenth-century civil wars and the beginning of those of the seventeenth century. Previously published in a great variety of places, none of them appeared in book form before. They are arranged in four groups (Tudor Politics and Tudor Government in Volume I, Parliament and Political Thought in Volume II) but these groups interlock. Though written in the course of some two decades, all the pieces bear variously on the same body of major issues and often illuminate details only touched upon in Professor Elton's books. Several investigate the received preconceptions of historians and suggest new ways of approaching familiar subjects. They are reprinted unaltered, but some new footnotes have been added to correct errors and draw attention to later developments.
Soviet Nationality Policy, Urban Growth, and Identity Change in the Ukrainian SSR 1923–1934
Authors: Liber George O.
Published: February 2010

In the early 1920s the Bolsheviks, who were overwhelmingly urban, proletarian, and Russian, believed that rapid industrialization would dissolve the non-Russian national identities and create a solid base of support for the new political order. By the end of the decade, however, the social changes initiated by rapid economic development strengthened national assertiveness. This book analyzes the precarious relationship between Soviet legitimacy-building and the consequences of rapid industrial development in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, the most populous non-Russian republic in the USSR, during the 1920s and 1930s. The author shows how the interplay between industrialization, urbanization, and Soviet preferential policies produced a modern, urban Ukrainian identity. This, he argues, explains why the Stalinist leadership changed its course on the nationality question in the 1930s and gave precedence to the Russians in the USSR.
Complexity and Evolution
Authors: Pettersson Max , Needham Joseph
Published: February 2010

This unique book ranges across the physical, biological and social sciences in the development of its primary theme, that there are nine major 'integrative levels' which can be recognised. The term integrative levels was first used by Joseph Needham in 1937 and has two key features. The first is that members of a given integrative level are unified entities and the second is that a member of one level is commonly composed of parts which are members of the next lower level. Thus fundamental particles form Level 1 while Level 9 is that of sovereign states. This theme has been developed by Max Pettersson in a book which explores the many links between the physical, biological and social sciences, reaching wide-ranging and sometimes unexpected conclusions.
The Structured Oral Examination in Anaesthesia
Authors: Balasubramanian Shyam , Mendonca Cyprian , Pinnock Colin
Published: February 2010

The Structured Oral Examination in Anaesthesia is made up of questions and answers that closely simulate the Royal College of Anaesthetists' oral examination format. Set up as complete exam papers, the book enables candidates to assess their knowledge accurately and within time limits. The answers are presented thoroughly and clearly, constructed from basic scientific facts, and further explained through the many tables and clear line diagrams. Thorough revision with this book will cover virtually all requirements for anaesthesia oral examinations worldwide. This is an essential aid to study for trainees and a great tool for trainers.
Nietzsche's Philosophy of Religion
Authors: Young Julian
Published: February 2010

In his first book, The Birth of Tragedy, Nietzsche observes that Greek tragedy gathered people together as a community in the sight of their gods, and argues that modernity can be rescued from 'nihilism' only through the revival of such a festival. This is commonly thought to be a view which did not survive the termination of Nietzsche's early Wagnerianism, but Julian Young argues, on the basis of an examination of all of Nietzsche's published works, that his religious communitarianism in fact persists through all his writings. What follows, it is argued, is that the mature Nietzsche is neither an 'atheist', an 'individualist', nor an 'immoralist': he is a German philosopher belonging to a German tradition of conservative communitarianism - though to claim him as a proto-Nazi is radically mistaken. This important 2006 reassessment will be of interest to all Nietzsche scholars and to a wide range of readers in German philosophy.
Japanese Banking
Authors: Tamaki Norio
Published: February 2010

How did the Japanese achieve their unrivalled position in world banking? This book, first published in 1995, provides a full account in English of the banking industry in Japan for the century following the opening of the country to the outside world in 1859. Professor Tamaki begins by considering the period of experimentation during the Meiji Restoration which resulted in the adoption of the Gold Standard in 1891. He then offers a detailed examination of the highly profitable years up to the end of the First World War and of the subsequent crisis which was hastened by the earthquake that devastated Tokyo and Yokohama in 1923 and sealed by the financial collapse of 1927. New light is thrown on the extraordinary role played by the banking industry during the period of military expansionism which culminated with defeat in the Second World War. The book ends with an assessment of the post-war financial system which developed out of the Macarthur directives and the subsequent American 'democratisation' programme.
A Gallery of Fluid Motion
Authors: Samimy M. , Breuer K. S. , Leal L. G. , Steen P. H.
Published: February 2010

Images of fluids in motion have served both scientific and artistic purposes at least since the time of Leonardo de Vinci over 500 years ago. The visualization of fluid flow has played a major role in the development of fluid dynamics and its technological and scientific applications, from the evolution of flight to the tracking of weather to understanding the flow of blood. Today, the Division of Fluid Dynamics of the American Physical Society annually sponsors a competition for outstanding images of fluid flow, judged by their artistic beauty and novelty and their contribution to the better understanding of fluid dynamics. This Gallery is a selection of the images that have won the competition over the last seventeen years. Each image is accompanied by some explanatory text, aimed at making the collection an attractive and essential work for everyone interested in the art and science of fluid flow.
World Lexicon of Grammaticalization
Authors: Heine Bernd , Kuteva Tania
Published: February 2010

While the comparative method is concerned with regularities in phonological change, grammaticalization theory deals with regularities of grammatical change. In an A-Z format, this 2002 book summarizes the most salient generalizations that have been made on the unidirectional change of grammatical forms and constructions. The product of ten years of research, World Lexicon of Grammaticalization provides the reader with the tools to show how different grammatical meanings can be related to one another in a principled way, how to deal with issues such as polysemy and heterosemy, or why certain linguistic forms have simultaneous lexical and grammatical functions. It covers several hundred grammaticalization processes, in each case offering definitions of lexical concepts, suitable examples from a variety of languages, and references to the relevant research literature. Indices organized by source and target concepts allow for flexible use, and the findings delineated in the book are relevant to students of language across theoretical boundaries.
The Films of Ingmar Bergman
Authors: Kalin Jesse
Published: February 2010

This volume provides a concise overview of the career of one of the modern masters of world cinema. Jesse Kalin defines Bergman's conception of the human condition as a struggle to find meaning in life as it is played out. For Bergman, meaning is achieved independently of any moral absolute and is the result of a process of self-examination. Six existential themes are explored repeatedly in Bergman's films: judgment, abandonment, suffering, shame, a visionary picture, and above all, turning toward or away from others. Kalin examines how Bergman examines these themes cinematically, through close analysis of eight films: well known favorites such as Wild Strawberries, The Seventh Seal, Smiles of a Summer Night, and Fanny and Alexander; and important but lesser known works, such as Naked Night, Shame, Cries and Whispers, and Scenes from a Marriage.
Lectures on Invariant Theory
Authors: Dolgachev Igor
Published: February 2010

The primary goal of this 2003 book is to give a brief introduction to the main ideas of algebraic and geometric invariant theory. It assumes only a minimal background in algebraic geometry, algebra and representation theory. Topics covered include the symbolic method for computation of invariants on the space of homogeneous forms, the problem of finite-generatedness of the algebra of invariants, the theory of covariants and constructions of categorical and geometric quotients. Throughout, the emphasis is on concrete examples which originate in classical algebraic geometry. Based on lectures given at University of Michigan, Harvard University and Seoul National University, the book is written in an accessible style and contains many examples and exercises. A novel feature of the book is a discussion of possible linearizations of actions and the variation of quotients under the change of linearization. Also includes the construction of toric varieties as torus quotients of affine spaces.
Witness Testimony Evidence
Authors: Walton Douglas
Published: February 2010

Recent work in artificial intelligence has increasingly turned to argumentation as a rich, interdisciplinary area of research that can provide new methods related to evidence and reasoning in the area of law. Douglas Walton provides an introduction to basic concepts, tools and methods in argumentation theory and artificial intelligence as applied to the analysis and evaluation of witness testimony. He shows how witness testimony is by its nature inherently fallible and sometimes subject to disastrous failures. At the same time such testimony can provide evidence that is not only necessary but inherently reasonable for logically guiding legal experts to accept or reject a claim. Walton shows how to overcome the traditional disdain for witness testimony as a type of evidence shown by logical positivists, and the views of trial sceptics who doubt that trial rules deal with witness testimony in a way that yields a rational decision-making process.
Law and Crime in the Roman World
Authors: Harries Jill
Published: February 2010

What was crime in ancient Rome? Was it defined by law or social attitudes? How did damage to the individual differ from offences against the community as a whole? This 2007 book explores competing legal and extra-legal discourses in a number of areas, including theft, official malpractice, treason, sexual misconduct, crimes of violence, homicide, magic and perceptions of deviance. It argues that court practice was responsive to social change, despite the ingrained conservatism of the legal tradition, and that judges and litigants were in part responsible for the harsher operation of justice in Late Antiquity. Consideration is also given to how attitudes to crime were shaped not only by legal experts but also by the rhetorical education and practices of advocates, and by popular and even elite indifference to the finer points of law.
Using Language
Authors: Clark Herbert H.
Published: February 2010

This book, first published in 1996, argues that language use is more than the sum of a speaker speaking and a listener listening. It is the joint action that emerges when speakers and listeners - writers and readers - perform their individual actions in coordination, as ensembles. The author argues strongly that language use embodies both individual and social processes.
The Theology of the First Letter to the Corinthians
Authors: Furnish Victor Paul
Published: February 2010

This study shows that the common view of 1 Corinthians as mainly about 'ethics' and therefore of little importance for 'theology' needs correcting. Furnish argues that 1 Corinthians is an even better place to take the apostle's theological pulse than the allegedly 'more theological' letters to the Galatians and Romans, because here it is especially evident how his thinking about the gospel took place within the crucible of his missionary and pastoral labours. Paul's complex theological legacy is not a systematic theology or even the basis for constructing a theological system. However, we come close to the heart of Paul's legacy in his clear-sighted identification of the gospel with the saving power of God's love as disclosed in Christ, and his insistence that those who are called to belong to Christ are thereby summoned to be agents of God's love wherever in the world they have received that call.
Outsourcing
Authors: Mol Michael J.
Published: February 2010

Outsourcing has become one of the key restructuring tools for companies seeking to boost their growth and business performance. As the outsourcing phenomenon has mushroomed, so a range of academic studies have sought to define and describe a unifying theoretical model. Outsourcing: Design, Process and Performance draws upon managerial, economic, sociological, historical and psychological perspectives to bring about an understanding of how outsourcing design and the outsourcing process feed into the performance of firms. Blending empirical insights from a range of international cases and large-scale statistical tests with existing theoretical perspectives, the author argues that a negative curvilinear relationship exists between outsourcing and firm performance. A critical analysis of current outsourcing strategies, together with a discussion of future trends, offers a new agenda for academic researchers and business managers alike.
Primer on Climate Change and Sustainable Development
Authors: Munasinghe Mohan , Swart Rob
Published: February 2010

Climate change and variability has become the primary environmental concern of the 21st Century. The potential impacts and mitigation of climate change need to be analyzed within the context of sustainable development. Primer on Climate Change and Sustainable Development presents a condensed and accessible review of the latest state-of-the-art assessments of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The book begins with a foreword from the chair of the IPCC. Our current knowledge of the basic science of climate change is described, before moving on to future scenarios of development within the context of climate change. Possible adaptation and mitigation measures, including cost and benefit analysis, are discussed. The book will be an invaluable textbook for students of environmental science and policy, and researchers and policy makers involved in all aspects of climate change.
Species Diversity in Space and Time
Authors: Rosenzweig Michael L.
Published: February 2010

Why do larger areas have more species? What makes diversity so high near the equator? Has the number of species grown during the past 600 million years? Does habitat diversity support species diversity, or is it the other way around? What reduces diversity in ecologically productive places? At what scales of space and time do diversity patterns hold? Do the mechanisms that produce them vary with scale? This book examines these questions and many others, by employing both theory and data in the search for answers. Surprisingly, many of the questions have reasonably likely answers. By identifying these, attention can be turned toward life's many, still-unexplained diversity patterns. As evolutionary ecologists race to understand biodiversity before it is too late, this book will help set the agenda for diversity research into the next century.
Structural Impact
Authors: Jones Norman
Published: February 2010

Structural Impact is concerned with the behaviour of structures and components subjected to large dynamic loads which produce inelastic deformation. This field is of particular interest for the crash-worthiness design of aircraft, buses, cars, trains, ships and marine structures, and the energy absorbing characteristics of various components for a wide variety of safety calculations. The book begins by introducing rigid plastic methods of analysis for the static behaviour and dynamic response of beams, plates and shells. This is followed by discussions of various phenomena of importance in structural impact, the influence of transverse shear, rotatory inertia, finite-displacements and material strain rate sensitivity. Dynamic progressive buckling and dynamic plastic buckling are also discussed. The book will be of value to anyone working in industries where safety due to structural impact is important.