bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O Efeito da Audiência na Interação com Chatbots em Espaços Físicos
Authors: Candello Heloisa , Pinhanez Claudio , Pichiliani Mauro , Cavalin Paulo , Figueiredo Flavio , Vasconcelos Marisa , Do Carmo Haylla
Published: October 2019

Como a presença de audiência influencia a interação social com um sistema conversacional em um espaço físico? Para responder a essa questão, esta pesquisa analisou dados de uma exposição de arte em que os visitantes interagiam em linguagem natural com três chatbots representando personagens de um livro. Foram realizados dois estudos para explorar a influência das audiências. No Estudo 1 o trabalho em campo coletou e analisou de forma cruzada a percepção da interação social relatada, as condições da audiência (o visitante está sozinho, o visitante é observado por conhecidos e/ou estranhos) e variáveis de controle, como o gênero do visitante e a familiaridade com o livro. No Estudo 2 foram analisadas mais de 5.000 registros de conversas e gravações de vídeo, identificando padrões de diálogo e como eles se correlacionaram com as condições do público. Alguns efeitos significativos foram encontrados, sugerindo que sistemas conversacionais em espaços físicos devem ser projetados considerando se outras pessoas observam o usuário ou não.
Tecnologias de Comunicação de Dados Letais
Authors: De Castro Leal Debora
Published: October 2019

Estudar as lutas políticas armadas pode colocar em evidência as complexas interações entre cultura, tecnologia, materialidade e conflito político. O presente artigo apresenta um relato da luta armada das FARC-EP, um dos guerrilheiros colombianos, com o exército colombiano. Documentamos como a comunicação se tornou uma infraestrutura de guerra crucial e ambígua, onde a súbita introdução de tecnologias de localização pelo exército colombiano representou uma ameaça letal para o grupo guerrilheiro. Nossos entrevistados relatam um processo de aprendizado severo para diminuir esse novo risco, contando com uma combinação de crenças e compreensão técnica significativa. Nesse estudo, introduzimos o conceito de contraapropriação como processo forçado de adaptação de práticas e apropriação de tecnologias durante um conflito.
Pontos de Verificação para o Desenvolvimento de Redes Sociais Online: Um Estudo de Caso com Idosos Brasileiros no Facebook
Authors: Sacramento Carolina , Bacellar Leal Ferreira Simone , Capra Eliane , Bicharra Garcia Ana   Cristina
Published: October 2019

Dado o crescimento da população idosa, é essencial que as redes sociais on-line considerem aspectos de qualidade de uso para atender as necessidades específicas deste público. Infelizmente, redes sociais como o Facebook são projetadas em grande parte para usuários mais jovens, trazendo desafios para os idosos no uso de suas interfaces. Este artigo apresenta um resumo do estudo de caso realizado em 2015, no qual foram avaliadas a acessibilidade e a comunicabilidade do Facebook para usuários idosos. Como resultado, foram elaborados pontos de verificação para apoiar designers na construção de espaços virtuais de interação social inclusivos ao público idoso.
Mensurando a Maturidade na Tomada de Decisão em Sistemas de e-Participatição
Authors: Maciel Cristiano , Roque Licinio , Garcia Ana  Cristina
Published: October 2019

A fim de viabilizar a integração de processos consultivos e deliberativos, é proposto o Modelo Interativo Governo-Cidadão, organizado em fases, sendo o debate estruturado por meio da Linguagem de Interação Democrática, a DemIL, e os cidadãos sociabilizados em uma comunidade virtual. Com vistas a diagnosticar a efetividade da participação dos cidadãos em processos com fins e-democráticos, apresenta-se o método Maturidade na Tomada de Decisão – MTD. O Modelo e o método são testados em dois experimentos e os resultados sumarizados neste artigo.
O Grupo de Pesquisa Mobilidade e Novas Tecnologias de Interação do IFSP
Authors: Constantino da Silva Andre , Marques Daniela , Bartz Guedes Gustavo
Published: October 2019

Este artigo apresenta o grupo de pesquisa ‘Mobilidade e Novas Tecnologias de Interação’ do Instituto Federal de São Paulo câmpus Hortolândia que explora o potencial das diferentes modalidades de interação e mobilidade dos dispositivos computacionais, em especial, os móveis, em diferentes contextos de aplicação. Os principais projetos envolvem a investigação das modalidades, individualmente e conjuntamente, dos problemas ocasionados pela mudança de modalidade e na construção de software explorando os dispositivos disponíveis no laboratório considerando a usabilidade da aplicação.
GRALD: an Approach for Goal and Risk Analysis in the Development of Information Systems for the Web of Data
Authors: De Freitas Marcio Louzada , Guizzardi Renata Silva Souza , Souza Vítor Estêvão Silva
Published: October 2019

The publication of Linked Data on the Web regarding several application domains leads to new problems related to Requirements Engineering, which needs to take into account aspects related to new ways of developing systems and delivering information integrated with the Web of Data. Tasks such as (functional and non-functional) requirements elicitation and ontology-based conceptual modeling can be applied to the development of systems that publish Linked Data, in order to obtain a better shared conceptualization (i.e., a domain ontology) of the published data. The use of vocabularies is an intrinsic activity when publishing or consuming Linked Data and their choice can be supported by the elicited requirements and domain ontology. However, it is important to assess the risk when choosing external vocabularies, as their use can lead to problems, such as misinterpretation of meanings due to poor documentation, connection timeouts due to infrastructure problems, etc. Thus, risk identification, modeling and analysis techniques can be employed, in order to identify risks and their impacts on stakeholder goals. In this work, we propose GRALD: Goals and Risks Analysis for Linked Data, an approach for modeling goals and risks for information systems for the Web of Data.
Kant’s Dissertation for the Master’s Degree On Fire and the Transformations of his Ideas of Ethereal Matter
Authors: Lugovoy S. V.
Published: October 2019

Kant’s dissertation for the Master’s degree Succinct Exposition of Some Meditations on Fire was written in Latin in 1755 as a sample (specimen) preceding a Master’s exam, but its first printing did not appear until 1838. What is the relevance of this Master’s dissertation for historical and philosophical studies? To answer this question I analyse the structure and give a brief summary of the dissertation, look at the history of its writing and try to identify the place of this work among Kant’s other papers on natural philosophy. I then demonstrate that Kant’s concept of ether as an elastic matter of fire, heat and light containing the forces of attraction and repulsion originates in the dissertation On Fire. I identify the provisions in Kant’s early works which he later develops in the Master’s dissertation and establish continuity between the text of On Fire and the so-called Physical Monadology, draw parallels between the ideas enunciated by Kant in his first dissertation and the interpretation of ether in the printed works that followed. Finally, I put forward the hypothesis of the heuristic potential of the On Fire treatise for the analysis of Kant’s manuscript legacy. Perhaps this dissertation will enable researchers to clear up some tangled propositions in Kant’s Opus Postumum. However, a series of further studies is needed to verify the hypothesis.
Kantian Transcendentalism in Contemporary Philosophical Discussions. Report of the “Transcendental Turn in Contemporary Philosophy-3” International Workshop
Authors: Shiyan A. A. , Derzhavina N. F., , Katrechko S. L.
Published: October 2019

The review presents the International Workshop “Transcendental Turn in Contemporary Philosophy-3: Nature (Specificities) of Transcendental Philosophy” held in Moscow on 19-22 April, 2018. The workshop was co-sponsored by the State Academic University for the Humanities, the Russian State University for the Humanities and the Foundation for the Humanities. The review examines the main topics of the workshop, summarises the main presentations and explicates the problem area of modern interpretations of Kant and the development of transcendentalism in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The presentations, questions and discussions centred around the main problems of transcendentalism: the differences between the phenomenon and the thing in itself, between the first and second editions of the Critique of Pure Reason, the relationship between realist and constructivist aspects of Kantian transcendentalism, the transformation of Kantian transcendental philosophy in Neo-Kantianism and phenomenology and more.
What is (un)fair? Political ideology and collective action
Authors: Mikołajczak Gosia , Becker Julia C.
Published: October 2019

The established models predicting collective action have been developed based on liberal ideas of injustice perceptions showing that progressive collective action occurs when people perceive that the equality or need rule of fairness are violated. We argue, however, that these perceptions of injustice cannot explain the occurrence of social protests among Conservatives. The present work addresses one shortcoming in collective action research by exploring the interactive role of political ideology and injustice appraisals in predicting social protest. Specifically, we focused on injustice appraisals as a key predictor of collective action and tested whether the same or different conceptualizations of injustice instigate protest among Liberals versus Conservatives using data from two studies conducted in Germany (Study 1, N = 130) and in the US (Study 2, N = 115). Our findings indicate that injustice appraisals play an equally important role in instigating social protest both among Liberals and Conservatives. As we show, however, predicting collective action among individuals across the political spectrum requires accounting for ideological preferences for different fairness rules. Whereas Liberals are more likely to engage in protest when the equality and need rules are violated, Conservatives are more likely to protest when the merit rule is violated. We recommend that studies on collective action consider not only the strength of injustice appraisals but also theircontent, to assess which fairness principles guide one’s perceptions of (in)justice.
Property of Melatonin of Acting as an Antihypertensive Agent to Antagonize Nocturnal High Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Vecchis Renato De , Paccone Andrea , Maio Marco Di
Published: October 2019

Therapy of hypertension persisting in the course of nocturnal sleep has yielded rather disappointing results . Therefore, the research has focused on drugs such as melatonin acting in such a way so as to counteract the lack of fall in blood pressure during night time sleep.
 A meta-analysis has been planned by gathering only randomized controlled trials( RCTs), where melatonin was administered as a single dose at bedtime and compared with placebo.
The efficacy was the "night time variation in systolic blood pressure" and the "night time variation in diastolic blood pressure". Safety endpoint was the possible occurrence of serious adverse events.
Seven studies with 221 participants were pooled in the meta-analysis. Melatonin use was a predictor of significant decrease in nocturnal systolic blood pressure[SBP]( difference in means[MD]= -5.74 mm Hg; 95% CI: -6.07 to- 5.41 mm Hg; p<0.00001).This change was generated by the very steep decrease in nocturnal SBP detected in patients treated with controlled-release(CR) melatonin ( MD=-8.42 mm Hg; 95% CI: -8.82 to- 8.02 mm Hg; p<0.00001); whereas the mean change in nocturnal SBP, found in patients taking fast -release (FR)melatonin, was nonsignificant (MD=-0.06 mm Hg; 95% CI: -0.64 to 0.52 mm Hg; p=0.84). Likewise, use of melatonin was associated with a fall in DBP( MD= -0.60 mm Hg; 95% CI=-1.12 to -0.08 mm Hg), driven by the pressure changes attained by the CR melatonin. No major adverse events occurred in the examined trials. Evening administration of CR melatonin has been shown to cause a significant pressure decrease over the nocturnal sleep. Thus, the CR melatonin preparations could find a place in the antihypertensive armamentarium for promoting the physiological fall of blood pressure levels during night time sleep.
Determination of Thermal Barrier Coatings Layers Optimum Thickness via PSO-SA Hybrid Optimization Method concerning Thermal Stress
Authors: Koushali Ali Ghaseminezhad , Nazari M. , Roudneshin Masoud
Published: October 2019

Turbine entry temperature of turbo-engines has been increased to improve proficiency. Consequently, protecting the hot section elements experiencing aggressive service conditions necessitates the applying of thermal barrier coatings (TBC). Developing TBC systems and improving performance is an ongoing endeavour to prolong the lifetime. Thus, various studies have been conducted to find the optimum properties and dimensions. In this paper, the optimum thickness of intermediate bond coat (BC) and top coat (TC) have been determined via a novel hybrid particle swarm and simulated annealing stochastic optimization method. The optimum thicknesses have been achieved under the constraint of thermal stress induced by thermal fatigue, creep, and oxidation in the TC while minimizing the weight during twenty cycles. The solutions for BC and TC thicknesses are respectively 50 μm and 450 μm. Plane stress condition has been adopted for theoretical and finite element stress analysis, and the results are successfully compared.
Conflitos hídricos do projeto de integração do Rio São Francisco em São José de Piranhas/PB
Authors: Ismael Luara Lourenço , Barbosa Erivaldo Moreira
Published: October 2019

Os conflitos hídricos ocupam uma posição de destaque diante das problemáticas ambientais. Nesta perspectiva, o artigo objetiva analisar os conflitos hídricos na Vila Produtiva Rural Cacaré do eixo norte do Projeto de Integração do rio São Francisco em São José de Piranhas, Paraíba. Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos, foi realizada a caracterização do conflito por meio da identificação dos agentes protagonistas e da aplicação das ferramentas de análise de conflito: Progressão do conflito; Roda de Mapeamento de Conflito; Mapa de Interações e Relacionamentos dos Atores Envolvidos. Os resultados mostram que a ocorrência dos conflitos hídricos foi motivada pela escassez de água para suprir a necessidade de atendimento ao abastecimento humano após o reassentamento dos moradores na vila, o uso insustentável da água e pela inexistência e inadequação das medidas de gestão hídrica para os usos múltiplos. Constata-se que estratégias de resolução necessitam de ações de maior transparência, fortalecimento e criação de novas alianças, incentivo ao diálogo, participação social, gestão compartilhada entre os atores envolvidos e fortalecimento de apoio técnico para atender a demanda dos usos múltiplos dos recursos hídricos para os que defendem a chegada das águas do rio São Francisco como solução para o problema hídrico do semiárido, e aqueles que criticam e se sentem inseguros com as incertezas atuais e futuras do projeto e seus reflexos na esfera social, econômica e ambiental.
Des étudiants ayant un trouble d’apprentissage associé à un trouble déficitaire de l’attention : possèdent-ils le bagage de stratégies pour réussir à l’université ?
Authors: Dauphinais Nathalie , Rousseau Nadia , St-Vincent Lise-Anne
Published: October 2019

En contexte universitaire, les étudiants en situation de handicap, dont ceux qui présentent un trouble d’apprentissage (TA) et un trouble déficitaire de l’attention (TDA/H), sont de plus en plus nombreux et constituent la plus grande proportion des étudiants ayant des besoins particuliers (AQICESH, 2014; CREPUQ, 2012). Or, leur présence pose de nombreux défis au sein des établissements pour tous les acteurs concernés, en plus de susciter des questionnements relativement à la faisabilité de leur projet d’études. Les étudiants qui ont un trouble d’apprentissage associé à un trouble déficitaire de l’attention possèdent-ils l’éventail de stratégies d’apprentissage nécessaire pour réussir leurs études universitaires? Cette étude de cas multiples vise l’exploration du profil de stratégies d’apprentissage de ces étudiants à leur première année universitaire en vue de définir la connaissance qu’ont ces derniers des stratégies, de même que l’utilisation qu’ils en font. Elle favorise en outre une meilleure compréhension des difficultés rencontrées dans leur parcours par les étudiants en situation de handicap. En plus de poser un regard sur les étudiants, la recherche contribue par ses résultats à démontrer la place de ces derniers à l’université.
Quelles sont les stratégies d’apprentissage que les étudiants universitaires ayant un ou des troubles d’apprentissage ou un déficit d’attention doivent apprendre à utiliser ?
Authors: Sauvé Louise , Racette Nicole , Bégin Stéphanie , Mendoza Gustavo Adolfo Angulo
Published: October 2019

Au Québec, la présence d’étudiants ayant un ou des troubles d’apprentissage (TA) ou un trouble du déficit d’attention avec ou sans hyperactivité (TDA/H) est de plus en plus marquée dans nos universités. Afin d’aider ces étudiants à persévérer dans leur cheminement universitaire, nous avons voulu connaître les difficultés particulières qu’ils éprouvent sur le plan des stratégies d’apprentissage afin de pouvoir les soutenir d’une façon plus ciblée. Pendant trois sessions d’études, 205 étudiants ont expérimenté un dispositif d’aide à la persévérance aux études, SAMI-Persévérance, afin de cerner les difficultés qu’ils rencontraient. Les traces laissées dans le dispositif ont permis de déterminer les stratégies d’apprentissage les moins utilisées autant par les étudiants ayant un TA et ceux ayant un TDA/H que les étudiants ayant les deux types de troubles. Parmi les stratégies d’apprentissage, ce sont les stratégies de lecture, de production écrite, de gestion de la mémorisation, de gestion du temps et de gestion du stress qui semblent les moins utilisées par ces étudiants. Enfin, les étudiants semblent avoir recours à des stratégies de production orale et de gestion de leurs émotions.
Enseignement supérieur, orchestration de l’accessibilité et stratégies d’accompagnement
Authors: Ebersold Serge , Cabral Leonardo Santos Amâncio
Published: October 2019

L’accès à l’enseignement supérieur constitue un enjeu majeur dans un contexte où plus de 46 millions de personnes sont sans emploi et où le chômage des jeunes est élevé, notamment par manque de qualification (OCDE, 2014). Or, si le nombre d’étudiants présentant un besoin éducatif particulier (BEP) a crû dans la plupart des pays de l’OCDE, la réussite universitaire de ces étudiants est bien moindre et la possession d’un diplôme de l’enseignement supérieur ne facilite pas toujours l’accès à l’emploi. Aussi cet article appréhende-t-il les conditions de réussite universitaire et d’insertion professionnelle d’étudiants français présentant un besoin éducatif identifié à l’aune des modes d’orchestration de l’accessibilité promus par les services qui s’adressent à ces étudiants. Il décrit à cette fin les représentations de l’étudiant à BEP véhiculées par les conceptions de l’accompagnement revendiquées par ces services et le rapport à la différence sous-jacent aux dynamiques d’accessibilisation de l’environnement universitaire. Il s’appuie sur une recherche relative aux conditions d’études et d’insertion professionnelle d’un échantillon d’étudiants français présentant un BEP. Cette recherche conjugue la perspective statistique offerte par l’exploitation d’un questionnaire avec l’approche qualitative induite par la réalisation d’entretiens.
Prise en compte de la diversité en formation initiale du personnel enseignant en France : des prescriptions officielles aux maquettes de formation
Authors: Kerzil Jennifer , Sternadel Dalibor
Published: October 2019

Cet article propose une analyse du lien entre les prescriptions officielles en faveur de la prise en compte de la diversité ethnoculturelle, sociale, religieuse et linguistique à l’école et leur traduction dans les trames de formation (nommées « maquettes de formation ») rédigées par les écoles supérieures du professorat et de l’éducation chargées de la formation initiale du personnel enseignant en France. L’analyse porte sur l’évolution du cadre normatif relatif à l’enseignement primaire et secondaire et à la formation initiale du personnel enseignant (lois, décrets, arrêtés, circulaires), ainsi que sur une sélection de 11 maquettes de formation présentant le contenu général de la formation de master « métiers de l’enseignement, de l’éducation et de la formation » préparant au professorat dans les écoles.

À la lumière des prescriptions officielles récentes en matière de politique d’éducation et de formation initiale du personnel enseignant et de leur mise en mots dans les maquettes de master « métiers de l’enseignement, de l’éducation et de la formation », il semble que le manque d’attention portée à la question de la prise en compte de la diversité ethnoculturelle, sociale, religieuse et linguistique dans la formation initiale semble avoir des causes tout autant normatives (insistance sur la transmission des « valeurs de la République » et prise en compte de la diversité des élèves par la différenciation et l’individualisation des apprentissages) que structurelles (formation du personnel enseignant en deux ans comprenant un concours et un stage long; focalisation sur la maîtrise des savoirs disciplinaires).
Intervention pédagogique et diversité ethnoculturelle : théorisation de récits de pratique d’enseignantes et d’enseignants, et défis de formation
Authors: Audet Geneviève
Published: October 2019

Dans une recherche qui s’est attachée à étudier l’intervention pédagogique en contexte de diversité ethnoculturelle par l’angle des pratiques existantes (Audet, 2006, 2011), des récits de pratique (Desgagné, 2005) ont été recueillis auprès d’enseignantes et d’enseignants du préscolaire. L’analyse de ces récits a permis de théoriser leur savoir-agir (Schön, 1983, 1987) en lien avec leur manière de prendre en compte la diversité ethnoculturelle dans leur intervention pédagogique. Un deuxième projet a par la suite permis d’expérimenter un réinvestissement de ces récits en formation initiale à l’enseignement, dans l’esprit de la méthode des cas (Mucchielli, 1968; Passeron et Revel, 2005). Après avoir abordé en quoi le choix d’avoir privilégié une méthodologie par récits de pratique a permis l’émergence d’une certaine conception de l’intervention pédagogique en contexte de diversité et avoir exposé les résultats de l’analyse, les détails de l’expérimentation menée seront précisés. Deux défis inhérents à une réutilisation de tels récits en formation initiale à l’enseignement, avec l’objectif de favoriser l’appropriation « pour soi » des étudiantes et des étudiants du savoir-agir du personnel enseignant dont témoignent ces récits de pratique, seront finalement discutés.
Gestionnaires et diversité ethnoculturelle en milieu scolaire : une recherche-action/formation en contexte montréalais
Authors: Magnan Marie-Odile , Gosselin-Gagné Justine , Charrette Josée , Larochelle-Audet Julie
Published: October 2019

Les enjeux découlant de l'intensification de la mobilité internationale sont observables à l'échelle de plusieurs écoles et génèrent des défis au quotidien. Toutefois, de nombreux écrits soulignent le manque de formation des gestionnaires au regard des réalités rencontrées dans des milieux où les populations scolaires sont diversifiées. Dans la foulée de ces constats, nous avons mené une recherche-action/formation sur le leadership transformatif en milieu pluriethnique montréalais auprès de six gestionnaires en fonction. Dans cet article, nous discutons du déroulement du projet et de ses ancrages théoriques liés au leadership transformatif (Shields, 2010) et au modèle d'éducation inclusive (Potvin, 2014). Puis, nous présentons une analyse thématique d'entretiens menés auprès de directions d'école du primaire au terme des trois années du projet afin de déterminer les effets perçus de cette initiative sur leur pratique professionnelle – sur leur leadership, leurs savoirs, leur savoir-être et leurs savoir-faire. Il en ressort que les directions d'école ont développé une conscience critique d'elles-mêmes, de leur milieu et de la société, et qu'elles ont mis en oeuvre des pratiques d'équité et d'inclusion dans leur école. En conclusion, nous fournissons des pistes visant la bonification de la formation initiale des directions et de leurs référentiels de compétences au Québec.
Valoriser la diversité socioculturelle en milieu scolaire en déjouant les stéréotypes : expériences inclusives en Belgique francophone
Authors: Barras Christine , Manço Altay
Published: October 2019

L’article se compose de trois parties. En premier lieu, nous présentons les défis de l’école actuelle face à une logique d’exclusion qu’elle applique souvent pour des raisons qui devraient être déconstruites et analysées. Nous rappelons les valeurs défendues par l’école nouvelle au siècle dernier pour refonder les principes de l’inclusion scolaire, ainsi que montrer le poids des représentations sociales qui font obstacle à ces principes. Un modèle théorique, réalisé dans le cadre d’une recherche fondamentale interuniversitaire, illustre cette logique en se fondant sur les représentations des enseignants à la lumière de considérations sociologiques.

En deuxième partie, nous présentons des exemples de projets novateurs, en y décelant, de notre place de chercheur, ce qui appartient à la démarche inclusive et permet de dénouer des situations dominées par un non-dit pesant qui fait obstacle au vivre-ensemble.

Enfin, nous amenons une discussion en articulant, dans deux tableaux synthétiques, les projets présentés avec le modèle théorique, ce qui nous permet de dégager trois facteurs pour mettre en place un projet inclusif dans un établissement scolaire confronté à des difficultés telles que la stigmatisation ou le décrochage scolaire.
L’expérience du personnel enseignant formé à l’étranger dans les écoles de Montréal. Apports et enseignements d’une recherche collaborative
Authors: Morrissette Joëlle , Demazière Didier
Published: October 2019

L’intégration professionnelle du personnel enseignant formé à l’étranger travaillant dans les écoles montréalaises est un enjeu d’importance. S’il suit une courte formation, c’est surtout au coeur des situations de travail qu’il réapprend le métier. Jusqu’à présent, la focale a surtout été mise sur les difficultés d’intégration des membres de ce personnel enseignant dans leur nouvel environnement de travail. À rebours, une approche interactionniste de l’intégration d’un groupe minoritaire à un groupe majoritaire conduit plutôt à considérer leurs expériences comme le produit de conventions professionnelles, propres aux contextes de travail, qui s’entrechoquent. La réalisation d’entretiens individuels et collectifs avec des enseignantes et des enseignants formés à l’étranger et avec certains de leurs partenaires a permis une coanalyse des événements marquants ayant jalonné leurs premières expériences dans les écoles montréalaises, et traduisant des tensions avec leurs expériences d’enseignement antérieures à la migration. Dans cette contribution, nous mettons l’accent sur les chocs entre conventions tacites définissant le travail enseignant et en examinons trois dimensions : les relations de travail, l’expertise au fondement du métier et les sources de la reconnaissance professionnelle. Enfin, nous discutons de l’intérêt du dispositif collaboratif pour les participantes et les participants et, au-delà, pour les personnels éducatifs, notamment les directions d’établissement qui accueillent du personnel enseignant de différents horizons dans leur équipe-école.
Expérimentation des dictées métacognitives : quels effets sur l’apprentissage de l’orthographe grammaticale en contexte francophone minoritaire ?
Authors: Arseneau Rosianne , Nadeau Marie
Published: October 2019

Les élèves scolarisés en français dans un contexte de langue minoritaire rencontrent d’importantes difficultés en orthographe grammaticale (Bélanger, Minor-Corriveau et Bélanger, 2015). Ayant également observé de telles difficultés chez les élèves scolarisés en français dans un contexte majoritaire au Québec, Nadeau et Fisher (2014) ont montré que les dictées métacognitives (par ex. la dictée 0 faute) avaient un effet positif et significatif sur la réussite de l’orthographe grammaticale. Dans cet article, les résultats d’une expérimentation des dictées métacognitives auprès d’élèves d’écoles francophones de l’Ontario sont présentés en comparaison à un groupe contrôle. Les élèves du groupe expérimental ont progressé de manière significative, alors que ceux du groupe contrôle n’ont pas progressé. Le degré d’usage du français en dehors de la classe ainsi que le type de cours suivi, théorique ou appliqué, n’ont pas d’effets significatifs sur les progrès dans le groupe expérimental. Les tests statistiques indiquent également que les progrès observés en contexte minoritaire se comparent à ceux observés en contexte majoritaire.
The Role of Innovation in the Analysis of Abuse of Dominance in Digital Markets: The Analysis of Chosen Practices of Google Search
Authors: Mäihäniemi Beata
Published: October 2019

Competition investigations in digital markets focus increasingly on future markets, and incentives to invest and innovate play here a larger role than in traditional "brick and mortar" industries. the article analyses the role of innovation in cases of abuse of dominance in digital markets on two levels. The first level involves the strength of incentives to invest and innovate of a digital monopolist - would he have less or more incentives to innovate and prefer to resort to practices that foreclose his competitors or leverage his market power to adjacent markets to keep its dominant position on the market? The second level identifies concrete phases of the competition analysis in which innovation considerations are contemplated in digital markets, such as objective justifications or assessing the effect of the practice on consumer welfare. Toe analysis of the role of innovation in the assessment of alleged anticompetitive abuses is conducted on the example of two concerns expressed by the EC in recent investigations into practices of Google Search, namely (1) search bias and (2) restrictions on portability of advertising data to competing advertising platforms.
A Different Path to the Same Old Question: Why Should Cartels be Criminalised?
Authors: Marques Nuno Castro
Published: October 2019

Regardless of the extreme negative qualifications usually attributed to cartels and bid rigging, EU and Portuguese competition laws do not set them apart from other anticompetitive practices regarding the possible applicable sanctions. EU and Portuguese competition laws establish the same potential sanctions for all competition infringements. Despite that, there are clear indications that EU and Portuguese legislators intend to treat cartels differently from all other competition infringements. Despite that, there are clear indications that EU and Portuguese legislators intend to treat cartels differently from all other competition infringements, but those differences have essentially to do with rules or procedures designed to facilitate their detection, production of evidence and decision-making. Notwithstanding the relevance of the “traditional” arguments regarding cartel criminalization, we consider that the discussion is still incomplete and would benefit from the inclusion of an additional “filter”. As it is a discussion about a criminalization process, the use of common instruments in criminology can shed more light into the question, and one of those instruments – or the most important one – is the analysis of the legal interests protected by the norm. We deem it essential to think about what legal interests are harmed in each of the different types of competition infringements, so as to conclude if indeed and to what extent cartels and bid rigging are capable of impairing more or different legal interests, or in a different intensity, than those potentially violated by other types of competition infringements. The conclusion is that cartel and bid rigging conducts always infringe the entire set of legal interests that is or may be defended by competition laws and always do so with high intensity.
Mind the Gap! ECN+ Directive Proposal on its Way to Eliminate Deficiencies of Regulation 1/2003: Polish Perspective
Authors: Jurkowska-Gomułka Agata
Published: October 2019

This article aims at answering the question whether the Commission’s proposal intended to empower Member States’ competition authorities to be more effective enforcers (ECN+ Directive) actually brings effective solutions to all weaknesses of Regulation 1/2003, which influenced an inefficient application of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU in some Member States (among them Poland, which will be taken as a point of reference). The first part of the article constitutes a review upon the application of Regulation 1/2003 in Poland. Interestingly, the beginning of its enforcement coincides with the total period of application of EU law in Poland, since the country joined the EU on the same day the Regulation entered into force. The problem with Regulation 1/2003 is that it does not seem to enhance the enforcement of the Community’s competition rules by national enforcers, including NCAs and courts. The reason for this failure lies inter alia in the deficiencies of the principles adopted in the Regulation itself, including a lack of procedural unification (or at least some harmonisation) in cases where European substantive law is to be applied. In the second part of the article, the content of the Commission’s proposal on ECN+ Directive is analysed in order to find whether new regulations are able to solve problems identified in the Polish application of the Treaty’s provisions. The article concludes with an overall assessment of the proposed Directive and a list of conditions for effective implementation of the Directive.
The Acquisitions of the Chinese State-Owned Enterprises under the National Merger Control Regimes of the EU Member States: Searching for a Coherent Approach
Authors: Svetlicinii Alexandr
Published: October 2019

With the rapidly unfolding China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI ) and the ongoing reform of the State-owned enterprises (SOEs), the number of overseas acquisitions by the Chinese SOEs in various industrial and services sectors is gradually on the rise. These transactions have raised a number of questions in terms of the assessment of the economic concentrations’ potential impact on competition and challenged the traditional assessment tools employed by the merger control regimes. The paper examines the evolving experience of Chinese SOEs’ acquisitions in the European Union (EU), which are subject to ex ante assessment under both EU and national merger control regimes. The analysis of the merger assessment practice of the EU Commission culminating in the recent conditional approval of the ChemChina/Syngenta merger indicates that the traditional assessment tools, when applied to the acquisitions by Chinese SOEs, may no longer be adequate to grasp the essence of their corporate governance and decision-making. The review of the merger control practice of the national competition authorities (NCAs) also demonstrates the absence of a coherent assessment approach to the cases involving Chinese SOEs, which may lead to the inconsistent enforcement and strengthening of the foreign investment screening on grounds other than market competition.
Support Schemes in Renewable Energy: Commentary to Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 13 September 2017, ENEA S.A. v. Prezes Urzędu Regulacji Energetyki
Authors: Alija Nevin
Published: October 2019

In its September 13th 2017 decision,1 the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) decided on a request for a preliminary ruling by the Supreme Court of Poland (Sąd Najwyższy) in proceedings between ENEA S.A. (ENEA) and the president of the Urzędu Regulacji Energetyki (Office for the regulation of energy, URE) on the imposition by the latter of a financial penalty on ENEA for breach of its obligation to supply electricity produced by cogeneration. The judgment of the Court of Justice follows many decisions of the European Commission and judgments of the EU courts assessing the involvement of State resources in support schemes in energy, particularly with the aim of switching towards more environmentally friendly sources. This case reaffirms that support schemes may, in certain circumstances, fall outside the scope of the EU State aid rules.
Monetary Fines in EU Mergers: In Need for More Regulation
Authors: Memeti Nora
Published: October 2019

Monetary fines represent an important instrument to address violations of Competition Law. The European Commission (EC) and the EU Courts have been primarily engaged in imposing fines in cases of breach of the first pillar, and have rarely dealt with cases of abuse based on the fining guidelines issued in accordance with Article 23(2) of Regulation 1/2003. Compared to the first two pillars, mergers have not received similar scholarly attention.1 2 Since 2017, the EC has expressed a growing interest in investigating and imposing significant fines to mergers and acquisitions in breach of procedural matters. Therefore this article addresses the application of Article 14 of the European Union Merger Regulation (EUMR) in imposing fines to mergers with European Union (EU) dimension. The EC decisions and EU Courts’ judgments related to fines on mergers in breach of procedural matters are discussed in four specific sections. The first section analyses article 14(1) of the EUMR, which empowers the EC to impose a fine of up to 1% of the total turnover in the preceding business year on undertakings for breach of procedural matters, including, among others, for providing incorrect or misleading information. This section will address the case of Facebook as the first case in which the EC imposed fines based on the new EUMR. In this case, although the undertakings mislead the EC, based on the offered cooperation, the Authority decided to reduce the fine. In addition, it is also important to address the legal basis applied by the EC in accepting the offered cooperation as a mitigating factor and whether this may develop into a guiding “precedent” in the future. The second section deals with five cases of violations of articles 4(1) and 7(1) EUMR related to fines prescribed in article 14(2) EUMR. With regards to four of them, judgments of EU Courts and decisions of the EC and National Competition Authority (NCA) are analysed. The fifth case, the one on Ernst and Young, provides for the first preliminary ruling on the notion of “gun-jumping”. The third section deals with Article 14(3) and the fining methods on mergers. By reviewing each of these five cases, it is important to address factors taken into consideration when imposing fines. An obvious deficiency is the absence of a legal basis, regardless of whether manifested in hard or soft law. Here it is relevant to inquire in what manner the EC imposes fines and why it occasionally mirrors the fining guidelines applicable to other pillars of EU Competition Law. The last point to be addressed is the one of policy and the need to balance EC discretional powers and relevant legal principles such as legal certainty, equal treatment, transparency, and consistency.3 The fourth section provides for concluding remarks.
A high throughput molecular screening for organic electronics via machine learning: present status and perspective
Authors: Saeki Akinori , Kranthiraja Kakaraparthi
Published: October 2019

Organic electronics such as organic field-effect transistors (OFET), organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), and organic photovoltaics (OPV) have flourished over the last three decades, largely due to the development of new conjugated materials. Their designs have evolved through incremental modification and stepwise inspiration by researchers; however, a complete survey of the large molecular space is experimentally intractable. Machine learning (ML), based on the rapidly growing field of artificial intelligence technology, offers high throughput material exploration that is more efficient than high-cost quantum chemical calculations. This review describes the present status and perspective of ML-based development (materials informatics) of organic electronics. Although the complexity of OFET, OLED, and OPV makes revealing their structure-property relationships difficult, a cooperative approach incorporating virtual ML, human consideration, and fast experimental screening may help to navigate growth and development in the organic electronics field.
Effect of Crumb Rubber as Fine Aggregate Replacement in Cold Mixture Asphalt
Authors: Wulandari Paravita Sri , Kertorahardjo Ken , Thesman Arianto , Tjandra Daniel
Published: October 2019

The number of waste tires has been increasing as an impact of rapidly growing number of vehicles and becomes a global environmental concern. The environmental impact can be reduced by converting the waste tires to crumb rubber and reusing it as a replacement of fine aggregates in asphalt mixture. Dense graded cold mixtures asphalt design was developed for rubberized mixtures with up to 100% (by weight) crumb rubber replacement. Series of laboratory testing were performed for evaluating the Marshall stability and volumetric properties of rubberized cold mixture asphalt. The findings of this laboratory study indicated that Marshall stability and volumetric properties of these mixtures were affected by crumb rubber percentage. Although the use of crumb rubber in cold mixture asphalt could decrease the mechanical and volumetric properties of mixtures, but still has a great potential as a partial fine aggregate replacement in cold mixture asphalt. Rubberized cold mixture asphalt could be considered as a flexible pavement subjected to low traffic medium load.
Study on Graphite Powder as Conductive Pigments for Impressed Current Cathodic Protection System using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Anode
Authors: Wijaya Gunawan Budi , Lays David Pratama , Tanto Hongky Haodiwidjaya , Tjandra Daniel
Published: October 2019

The use of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP), for both strengthening material and anode for Impressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICCP) system, is being investigated.  The focus of this study is to develop the epoxy that has good bond strength and electrical conductivity. Graphite powder is used as conductive pigments with percentage ranges from 7.5% to 17.5%.  All specimens were partially submerged in 5% NaCl solution and induced with electrical current of 10 mA/m2 and 20 mA/m2 for 30 days. An average potential increase of 200 mV was recorded using half cell potential test. The application of 30 days ICCP up to current density of 20 mA/m2 did not affect the bond strength significantly and still complies with ACI recommendation. However, graphite content of more than 15% are found to be not workable and the bond strength is greatly reduced to less than 1 MPa This study concluded that the recommended graphite powder content shall be in the range of 10% to 15%.
Multilayer PZT 95/5 Antiferroelectric Film Energy Storage Devices with Giant Power Density
Authors: Shkuratov Sergey I. , Baird Jason , Antipov Vladimir G. , Zhang Shujun , Chase Jay B.
Published: October 2019

A new type of energy storage devices utilizing multilayer Pb(Zr0.95Ti0.05)0.98Nb0.02O3 films is studied experimentally and numerically. To release the stored energy, the multilayer ferroelectric structures are subjected to adiabatic compression perpendicular to the polarization direction. Obtained results indicate that electrical interference between layers (10–120 layers) during stress wave transit through the structures has an effect on the generated current waveforms, but no impact on the released electric charge. The multilayer films undergo a pressure‐induced phase transition to antiferroelectric phase at 1.7 GPa adiabatic compression and become completely depolarized, releasing surface screening charge with density equal to their remnant polarization. An energy density of 3 J cm−3 is successfully achieved with giant power density on the order of 2 MW cm−3, which is four orders of magnitude higher than that of any other type of energy storage device. The outputs of multilayer structures can be precisely controlled by the parameters of the ferroelectric layer and the number of layers. Multilayer film modules with a volume of 0.7 cm3 are capable of producing 2.4 kA current, not achievable in electrochemical capacitors or batteries, which will greatly enhance the miniaturization and integration requirements for emerging high‐power applications.
MXene Supported Cobalt Layered Double Hydroxide Nanocrystals: Facile Synthesis Route for a Synergistic Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalyst
Authors: Benchakar Mohamed , Bilyk Thomas , Garnero Cyril , Loupias Lola , Morais Claudia , Pacaud Jérôme , Canaff Christine , Chartier Patrick , Morisset Sophie , Guignard Nadia , Mauchamp Vincent , Célérier Stéphane , Habrioux Aurélien
Published: October 2019

The development of reliable electrolyzers is closely related to the development of a cost‐effective highly active and stable electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, a simple method is used to synthesize a non‐noble metal‐based electrocatalyst for OER by synergistically coupling a catalytically active cobalt layered double hydroxide (Co‐LDH) with a highly electrically conducting 2D transition metal carbide, Ti3C2Tx MXene. The synergy between these two bidimensional materials (Co‐LDH and Ti3C2Tx), evidenced by coupling electron energy loss spectroscopy and density functional theory simulations, results in superior electrocatalytic properties and makes possible having an excellent and stable oxygen evolution electrocatalyst. Moreover, the oxidative‐sensitive MXene structure is preserved during the synthesis of the composite and the formation of a well recovering Co‐LDH phase avoids the irreversible oxidation of MXene at high potential values, which may affect its conductivity. With an overpotential of ≈330 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 the catalyst exhibits a higher catalytic activity toward OER than commercial IrO2 catalysts.
Soft and Condensed Nanoparticles and Nanoformulations for Cancer Drug Delivery and Repurpose
Authors: Yang Wen , Veroniaina Hanitrarimalala , Qi Xiaole , Chen Pengyu , Li Feng , Ke Pu Chun
Published: October 2019

Drug repurpose or reposition has been recently recognized as a high‐performance strategy for developing therapeutic agents for cancer treatment. This approach can significantly reduce the risk of failure, shorten R&D time, and minimize cost and regulatory obstacles. Nanotechnology‐based delivery systems have been extensively investigated in cancer therapy due to their remarkable ability to overcome drug delivery challenges, enhance tumor specific targeting, and reduce toxic side effects. With increasing knowledge accumulated over the past decades, nanoparticle formulation and delivery have opened up a new avenue for repurposing drugs and demonstrated promising results in advanced cancer therapy. In this review, recent developments in nano‐delivery and formulation systems based on soft (i.e., DNA nanocages, nanogels, and dendrimers) and condensed (i.e., noble metal nanoparticles and metal–organic frameworks) nanomaterials, as well as their theranostic applications in drug repurpose against cancer are summarized.