bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEST: A Simplified Model and Automated Tool for Loss of Lithium Inventory and Loss of Active Material Estimation in Li‐ion Batteries**
Authors: Méndez‐Corbacho Francisco J. , Nieto‐Castro David , Moreno‐Artabe Iñaki , del Olmo Diego , Baraldi Giorgio , Ayerbe Elixabete
Published: January 2024

Li‐ion batteries are attracting an increasing attention due to the process of electrification involving different industrial sectors. Many efforts are dedicated to improving battery performance in terms of cyclability, capacity, fast charging and safety to name a few. Therefore, it is of primal importance to identify and understand the degradation modes that stay behind cell failure. In this sense, Loss of Lithium Inventory (LLI) and Loss of Active Material (LAM) are considered fundamental indicators for estimating the state of health of a cell. In this work, we introduce an automated open tool which is able to return LLI, LAM and voltage drop due to and eventual development of an internal resistance by fitting experimental pseudo‐OCV profiles of a cell, at its beginning and end of life, with a simulated curve obtained from the pseudo‐OCP curves of positive and negative electrodes. The tool is based on a mathematical model consisting in linear transformations that keeps it simple and guarantees for low computational cost. The model is validated against bibliographic dataset and tested on experimental curves from lab‐scale coin and commercial cylindrical cell with different chemistries.
Structure and Photophysics of N‐Tolanyl‐phenochalcogenazines and their Radical Cations
Authors: Mentzel Paul , Holzapfel Marco , Schmiedel Alexander , Günther Johanna , Michel Maximilian , Krummenacher Ivo , Wodyński Artur , Kaupp Martin , Braunschweig Holger , Lambert Christoph
Published: January 2024

The study focuses on the structural and photophysical characteristics of neutral and oxidized forms of N‐tolanyl‐phenochalcogenazines PZX‐tolan with X=O, S, Se, and Te. X‐ray crystal structure analyses show a pseudo‐equatorial (pe) structure of the tolan substituent in the O, S, and Se dyads, while the Te dyad possesses a pseudo‐axial (pa) structure. DFT calculations suggest the pe structure for O and S, and the pa structure for Se and Te as stable forms. Steady‐state and femtosecond‐time resolved optical spectroscopy in toluene solution indicate that the O and S dyads emit from a CT state, whereas the Se and Te dyads emit from a tolan‐localized state. The T1 state is tolan‐localized in all cases, showing phosphorescence at 77 K. The heavy atom effect of chalcogens induces intersystem crossing from S1 to Tx, resulting in a decreasing S1 lifetime from 2.1 ns to 0.42 ps. The T1 states possess potential for singlet oxygen sensitization with a high quantum yield (ca. 40 %) for the O, S, and Se dyads. Radical cations exhibit spin density primarily localized at the heterocycle. EPR measurements and quasirelativistic DFT calculations reveal a very strong g‐tensor anisotropy, supporting the pe structure for the S and Se derivatives.
Solvent‐free quantification and composition/source analysis of total oil and grease in cooling water
Authors: Wong Kimberly , Ripmeester Matthew , Thacker Daniel , Duford David A.
Published: January 2024

Total oil and grease (TOG) in water is measured in industrial process waters to determine the concentration of petroleum products present. A common application for TOG measurement is to detect a hydrocarbon leak in circulated cooling water systems. A hydrocarbon leak from a heat exchanger has a negative effect on the stable operation of upgrading and refinery units. Detecting and quantifying a hydrocarbon leak is straightforward; however, identifying the source of the leak can be very time consuming and require a lot of trial and error. In this study, a solvent‐free TOG method using ClearShot extractors and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was developed and optimized for the quantification of bitumen derived hydrocarbon analytes in water. This was further expanded upon to develop a rapid method for hydrocarbon identification in the cooling water by combining chemical fingerprinting with a discriminant analysis classification model. Following the optimized solvent‐free TOG method, chemical fingerprints for six different hydrocarbon classes in water were analyzed by FTIR. The classification model for these hydrocarbon classes was constructed using a discriminant analysis algorithm with a 100% classification rate at a TOG mass loading greater than 150 μg. The optimized solvent‐free TOG method decreases exposure risk and ergonomic strain for technologists, improving overall safety and environmental performance. The hydrocarbon fingerprinting enables rapid prediction of a leak source which reduces the time and analysis required to isolate a leak as well as reducing the cost and environmental impact associated with blowdown and purge (disposal and treatment) of contaminated water.
Implementation of The Paris System for Reporting Urine Cytology improves diagnostic accuracy of selective upper urinary tract cytology
Authors: Miyai Kosuke , Nakayama Misaki , Minabe Shinya , Ogata Sho , Ito Keiichi , Matsukuma Susumu
Published: January 2024

Background

The Paris System for Reporting Urine Cytology (TPS) recommends diagnostic criteria for urinary tract cytology, focusing primarily on the detection of high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) in the lower urinary tract. The second edition of TPS (TPS 2.0), published in 2022, extends these recommendations to the upper urinary tract (UUT); however, there is a lack of comprehensive data on this subject.

Methods

In total, 223 consecutive UUT cytology specimens from 137 patients were retrieved and reclassified according to TPS 2.0 criteria and were compared with the original diagnosis based on the conventional system (CS). Histologic follow‐up within a 3‐month period was conducted for 43 patients.

Results

Histologic follow‐up revealed 30 HGUCs, five low‐grade urothelial carcinomas (LGUCs), and eight nonneoplastic fibrotic tissues. The risk of high‐grade malignancy for each TPS diagnostic category was 16.7% for nondiagnostic/unsatisfactory, 2.3% for negative for HGUC (NHGUC), 42.1% for atypical urothelial cells, 50.0% for suspicious for HGUC (SHGUC), and 81.8% for HGUC. In all five cases of histologically diagnosed LGUC, the cytologic diagnosis was NHGUC. When SHGUC/HGUC was considered positive, the diagnostic accuracy of TPS had 63% sensitivity, 95% specificity, a 90% negative predictive value, and a 79% positive predictive value, which were better than those of CS. In addition, the TPS indices did not differ significantly between the specimens obtained before and after the application of contrast reagents.

Conclusions

TPS implementation improved the accuracy of UUT cytology in predicting histologic HGUC, which was unaffected by the application of contrast reagents. These data indicate the usefulness of TPS for UUT cytology in routine clinical settings.
Mental health providers' perceptions of restrictive eating disorders: Relationship with client body weight
Authors: Silbiger Katie
Published: January 2024

Objective

This study investigated whether mental health providers have different diagnostic impressions and treatment recommendations for patients with restrictive eating disorders, depending on the patient's body weight.

Method

Participants were given one of three versions of a vignette depicting a patient who meets DSM‐5 criteria for anorexia nervosa (AN) or atypical AN with the patient's weight described as either below, within, or above the average range for her age and height. Participants were then asked to respond to a series of questions about diagnosis, symptoms, and treatment recommendations. Results were compared between the three weight conditions with the goal of better understanding how a patient's body weight may influence different aspects of participants' clinical impressions.

Results

Participants given the low weight version of the vignette were more likely to identify the presenting problem as an eating disorder and to agree that the patient experienced dietary restriction and weight loss, weight gain avoidance, and body image concerns. Participants given the low weight description were also more likely to recommend specialized eating disorder treatment and medical follow‐up.

Discussion

Findings suggest that mental health providers were generally more responsive to restrictive eating disorder symptoms when the patient was at a lower body weight. These results are concerning because they suggest patients with atypical AN may be less likely to receive an accurate diagnosis or adequate treatment compared to underweight patients with AN, despite experiencing the same symptoms.

Public Significance

Restrictive eating disorders like AN and atypical AN can cause comparable physical and psychological symptoms in people of any body weight. Despite having the same symptoms, people with a higher body weight are less likely to receive a diagnosis or treatment. This study compared mental health providers' reactions to a description of a patient with an eating disorder at different body weights and found differences in diagnosis, detection of symptoms, and treatment recommendations.
Dual‐Float‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Low‐Frequency Wave Energy Harvesting
Authors: Jing Fengmei , Ni Yurui , Li Sirui , Shi Mengen
Published: January 2024

Electromagnetic induction generator is not the best choice for collecting low frequency wave energy, since waves have the characteristics of low frequency and variable amplitude. In contrast, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has an absolute advantage in collecting low‐frequency mechanical energy. Based on this, a dual‐float‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (DF‐TENG) for harvesting low‐frequency wave energy is proposed in this article. In this device, the TENG is mounted in the lower float, and its slider component is connected to the upper float by a cable. On the one hand, the motion of the slider is consistent with the relative motion of the dual floats, which is easy to analyze; on the other hand, the TENG is located in the lower float, which avoids damage to the TENG caused by extreme sea conditions. The physical model of the device was established, and the motion characteristics, electrical output characteristics, and its influencing factors of TENG were analyzed using finite element simulation software. The numerical calculations were verified by experimental tests. The calculated results show that the optimal matching resistance of the system is 500 MΩ. The research work in this article provides a research basis and reference for the development and application of such wave energy devices.
An efficient fine‐grained searchable encryption for secure communication in IoT‐based vehicular social networks
Authors: Mamta  , Sharma Shivani , Kumar Sachin
Published: January 2024

Vehicle data security is a fundamental requirement in any vehicular social network (VSN). Encryption is the key technology to address this requirement. However, with encryption, we lose all the accessibility to the data. Further, we may need to provide differential access capabilities to the different users. The attribute‐based searchable encryption (ABSE) method satisfies all these requirements. It is a method for safely searching through encrypted files stored in a networked repository. It is a multi‐user encryption method that combines the advantages of attribute‐based encryption (ABE) with searchable encryption (SE). However, ABSE has an inherent cost and cannot be applied in a resource‐constrained setting. Therefore, the proposed scheme aims to reduce the computational cost by readily accommodating frequent changes in the access structure and using a secret key and search trapdoor of constant size. This, in turn, reduces the bandwidth requirement as well. In addition, the suggested technique requires constant pairing operations during the search phase, making the search operation fast. Quantitatively, the secret key and trapdoor storage costs have been reduced to two and four‐source group elements, respectively, and the number of bilinear pairing operations in the search algorithm has been reduced to four.
Experimental study on the effect of dry water materials on the fire extinguishing efficiency and suppression mechanism of wood crib fire
Authors: Chai Guoqiang , Wang Yang , Zhu Guoqing , Wu Zhenku , Markert Frank
Published: January 2024

Micron‐sized dry water particles assembled from gaseous silica and deionized water were prepared by physical dispersion method, and the effects of two chemical components on the microstructure and fire extinguishing efficiency of dry water materials were analyzed. Three different filling pressures were selected to study their effect on dry water extinguishing efficiency of wood crib fire. The effect of dry water on fire extinguishing efficiency of wood crib was studied by building wood crib of different sizes. The results show that the larger filling pressure inhibits the fire more obviously, but the dry water structure is easy to be damaged. Dry water can adhere to the inside of the wood crib structure and exert its role of cooling and isolating oxygen to inhibit its smoldering under a certain release pressure. With the increase of the size of wood crib, the suppression efficiency of dry water materials on wood crib fire gradually decreases with increasing extinguishing time. The fire extinguishing efficiency of dry water with sodium acetate is improved, but its structure is not stable. By comparing and analyzing the critical combustion rate and oxygen concentration of wood crib, it was found that continuous cooling to reduce the combustion rate and smoldering is the dominant mechanism of dry water on wood crib fire.
Fish protein as a new emulsifier: Mechanism, enhancement, application
Authors: Lu Shanshan , Lu Quanhong , Xiao Liyuan , Zhang Longteng , Liu Jianhua , Hu Yang , El‐Seedi Hesham , Li Chuan
Published: January 2024

Marine resources are rich. In recent years, more and more people have paid attention to the development of blue food. Fish protein is one of the essential biomolecules in blue food. It is a natural emulsifier because of its natural, nontoxic, easily obtained, degradable, and good surface activity. The research and application of fish protein as an emulsifier were reviewed in this paper. The emulsifying mechanism of fish protein was discussed. The emulsifying property of fish protein was affected by natural factors (source and protein concentration) and processing environment (ion strength, temperature, and pH). The emulsifying property of fish protein was improved by ultrasound, high pressure, microgel, complexation, glycosylation, and enzyme cross‐linking. It was pointed out that future research of fish protein applications should focus on the problems of shortening the gap between laboratory and commercial; stable emulsion of fish protein is difficult to preserve and single loading. It provides a reference for the development of fish protein emulsifiers.
Forecasting in turbulent times
Authors: Giannellis Nikolaos , Hall Stephen G. , Kouretas Georgios P. , Tavlas George S.
Published: January 2024

Since the beginning of this century, the global economy has been hit by a series of unforeseen shocks, including the Global Financial Crisis, the euro area's sovereign debt crisis, and most recently, the global inflation surge. To motivate this special issue, we provide a brief overview of recent methods that have been proposed to improve the ability of forecast models to predict shocks and to capture their effects once they have occurred. We also propose a method that may allow central banks to respond more quickly to the kind of inflationary surge that occurred from 2020 to 2022 so that those banks would not have misdiagnosed the surge as a temporary phenomenon.
Mulberrin extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans through detoxification function
Authors: Gao Xiaoyan , Yu Jing , Zhang Lijun , Shi Hang , Yan Yingxuan , Han Yongli , Fang Minglv , Liu Ying , Wu Chengyuan , Fan Shengjie , Huang Cheng
Published: January 2024

Mulberrin, a naturally occurring flavone found in mulberry and Romulus Mori, exhibits diverse biological functions. Here, we showed that mulberrin extended both the lifespan and healthspan in C. elegans. Moreover, mulberrin increased the worms' resistance to toxicants and activated the expression of detoxification genes. The longevity‐promoting effect of mulberrin was attenuated in nuclear hormone receptor (NHR) homologous nhr‐8 and daf‐12 mutants, indicating that the lifespan extending effects of mulberrin in C. elegans may depend on nuclear hormone receptors NHR‐8/DAF‐12. Further analyses revealed the potential associations between the longevity effects of mulberrin and the insulin/insulin‐like growth factor signaling (IIS) and adenosine 5′‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways. Together, our findings suggest that mulberrin may prolong lifespan and healthspan by activating detoxification functions mediated by nuclear receptors.
Thermal and alkaline pre‐treatments of inoculum halt methanogenesis and enable cheese whey valorization by batch acidogenic fermentation
Authors: de Almeida Maria Paula Giulianetti , Mondini Camille , Bruant Guillaume , Tremblay Julien , Weissbrodt David G. , Mockaitis Gustavo
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Carboxylates such as volatile fatty acids (VFA) can be produced by acidogenic fermentation (AF) of dairy wastes including cheese whey, a massive residue produced at 160.67 million m3 of which 42% are not valorized and impact the environment. In mixed‐culture fermentations, selection pressures can favor AF and halt methanogenesis. In this study, inoculum pre‐treatment was evaluated as a selective pressure for AF demineralized cheese whey in batches. Alkaline (NaOH, pH 8.0, 6 h) and thermal (90 °C for 5 min, ice‐bath until 23 °C) pre‐treatments were tested with batch operations runs at initial pH 7.0 and 9.0, food‐to‐microorganism (F/M) ratios of 0.5 to 4.0 g COD g−1 VS, and under pressurized (P) and nonpressurized (NP) headspace, in experiments duplicated in two different research institutes.

RESULTS

Acetic acid was highly produced on both Unicamp and TU Delft samples (1.36 and 1.40 g CODAcOH L−1, respectively), at the expense of methanogenesis by combining a thermal pre‐treatment of inoculum with a NP batch operation started at pH 9.0. Microbial communities comprising VFA and alcohol producers, such as Clostridium, Fonticella and Intestinimonas, and fermenters such as Longilinea and Leptolinea. The lipid‐accumulating Candidatus microthrix was observed in both bulk material and foam. Despite the absence of methane production, Methanosaeta were detected within the microbial community. An F/M ratio of 0.5 g COD g−1 VS led to the best VFA production of 1769.4 mg L−1.

CONCLUSION

Overall, inoculum thermal pre‐treatment, initial pH 9.0 and NP headspace acted as a selective pressure for halting methanogenesis and producing VFAs, valorizing cheese whey via batch acidogenic fermentation. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Voxelotor improves red blood cell functionality in children with sickle cell anaemia: An ancillary study of the HOPE‐KIDS 1 trial
Authors: Chonat Satheesh , Fields Earl , Baratz Hannah , Watt Amanda , Pochron Mira , Dixon Sandy , Tonda Margaret , Brown Clark , Archer David
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Sickle haemoglobin (HbS) polymerisation perturbs red blood cell (RBC) rheology and drives sickle cell disease (SCD) pathophysiology. Voxelotor is an HbS polymerisation inhibitor that increases haemoglobin (Hb)–oxygen affinity. Methods/Results: In this 48‐week, prospective, single‐centre translational study, 10 children aged 4–11 years with SCD were treated with voxelotor. Improvements in RBC deformability were observed using osmotic/oxygen gradient ektacytometry, with increases in minimal and maximal elongation index and reductions in point of sickling. Increased Hb and reduced markers of haemolysis were also observed. Conclusion: These findings suggest that voxelotor treatment is associated with reduced RBC sickling and haemolysis in children with SCD.
Characterization of primary silicate minerals in Earth‐like bodies via Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Huang Shuaidong , Xue Bin , Zhao Yiyi , Yang Jianfeng
Published: January 2024

The examination and identification of silicate minerals are critical for advancing our understanding of the evolutionary journey of Earth‐like bodies. To facilitate an efficient and productive process, it is imperative that these minerals be detected swiftly and accurately. This study is designed to explore the relationship between varying concentrations of cations and their corresponding Raman shifts. The focus is on primary silicate minerals in Earth‐like bodies, specifically olivine, pyroxene, and feldspar, utilizing data from the RRUFF database. Employing a fitting formula, we identify distinct Raman peak ranges associated with different silicate minerals. Our research covers a wide array of mineral types, including five varieties of olivine (forsterite [Mg2SiO4], fayalite [Fe2+2SiO4], tephroite [Mn2+2SiO4], monticellite [CaMgSiO4], and kirschsteinite [CaFe2+SiO4]), four types of pyroxene (ferrosilite [Fe2+2Si2O6], enstatite [Mg2Si2O6], hedenbergite [CaFe2+Si2O6], and diopside [CaMgSi2O6]), and three varieties of feldspar (alkali feldspar [KAlSi3O8], albite [NaAlSi3O8], and anorthite [CaAl2Si2O8]). The accuracy of matching Raman characteristics is exceptionally high for all olivine and pyroxene types (100%) and an impressive 86% for feldspar. The findings from this study highlight the crucial role of Raman spectroscopy in the field of silicate mineralogy and suggest significant implications for enhancing future exploration missions to Earth‐like bodies.
Minimizing Escherichia coli O157:H7 contamination in indoor farming: effects of cultivar type and ultra‐violet light quality
Authors: Kong Yuyao , Deering Amanda J , Nemali Krishna
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Bacterial contamination of produce is a concern in indoor farming due to close plant spacing, recycling irrigation, warm temperatures, and high relative humidity during production. Cultivars that inherently resist contamination and photo‐sanitization using ultraviolet (UV) radiation during the production phase can reduce bacterial contamination. However, there is limited information to support their use in indoor farming.

RESULTS

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivars with varying plant architectures grown in a custom‐built indoor farm exhibited differences in E. coli O157:H7 survival after inoculation. The survival of E. coli O157:H7 was lowest in the leaf cultivar (open architecture) and highest in the romaine and oakleaf cultivars (compact architecture). Of the different UV wavelengths that were tested (UV‐A, UV‐A + B, UV‐A + C), UV A + C at an intensity of 54.5 μmol m−2 s−1 (with 3.5 μmol m−2 s−1 of UV‐C), provided for 15 min every day, was found to be most efficacious in reducing the E. coli O157:H7 survival on romaine lettuce with no negative effects on plant growth and quality.

CONCLUSION

Contamination of E. coli O157:H7 on lettuce plants can be reduced and the food safety levels in indoor farms can be increased by selecting cultivars with an open leaf architecture coupled with photo‐sanitization using low and frequent exposure to UV A + C radiation. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
MAKING THE CASE FOR COMPASSIONATE LEADERSHIP
Authors: Khoureis Abraham
Published: January 2024

The author, an adjunct professor at the University of Redlands, in California, is the creator of the Compassionate Leadership Model Pyramid. The article presents his “latest research findings on the journey of the compassionate leader, shedding a light on the seven levels of the compassionate leadership pyramid.” The levels are, in his words from bottom to top: Self‐compassion, next of kin, local environment, organization, community, society, and the seventh, pinnacle level is serving others. Here, “leaders serve others selflessly, without expecting anything in return. They demonstrate authenticity, genuineness, and an unwavering commitment to the well‐being of others.” He explains that “the study was conducted over an 18‐month period, beginning in May 2021 and concluded in November 2022. The study engaged a diverse sample of participants from various industries and backgrounds. Data was collected through questionnaires, surveys, and observations to gauge the influence of compassionate leadership on individuals’ attitudes and behaviors, specifically exploring the extent to which compassionate leaders inspired others to serve.” His conclusion notes that the “pyramid is a roadmap that guides people and leaders to be more caring and understanding. As they move up the pyramid, leaders learn to understand themselves better, be more self‐aware, mindful, empathetic, and genuinely care about the people they lead.”
Existence and uniqueness for a coupled parabolic‐hyperbolic model of MEMS
Authors: Gimperlein Heiko , He Runan , Lacey Andrew A.
Published: January 2024

Local wellposedness for a nonlinear parabolic‐hyperbolic coupled system modeling Micro‐Electro‐Mechanical System (MEMS) is studied. The particular device considered is a simple capacitor with two closely separated plates, one of which has motion modeled by a semilinear hyperbolic equation. The gap between the plates contains a gas and the gas pressure is taken to obey a quasilinear parabolic Reynolds' equation. Local‐in‐time existence of strict solutions of the system is shown, using well‐known local‐in‐time existence results for the hyperbolic equation, then Hölder continuous dependence of its solution on that of the parabolic equation, and finally getting local‐in‐time existence for a combined abstract parabolic problem. Semigroup approaches are vital for the local–in‐time existence results.
Quantification of the in vivo brain ultrashort‐T2* component in healthy volunteers
Authors: Deveshwar Nikhil , Yao Jingwen , Han Misung , Dwork Nicholas , Shen Xin , Ljungberg Emil , Caverzasi Eduardo , Cao Peng , Henry Roland , Green Ari , Larson Peder E. Z.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Recent work has shown MRI is able to measure and quantify signals of phospholipid membrane‐bound protons associated with myelin in the human brain. This work seeks to develop an improved technique for characterizing this brain ultrashort‐ component in vivo accounting for weighting.

Methods

Data from ultrashort echo time scans from 16 healthy volunteers with variable flip angles (VFA) were collected and fitted into an advanced regression model to quantify signal fraction, relaxation time, and frequency shift of the ultrashort‐ component.

Results

The fitted components show intra‐subject differences of different white matter structures and significantly elevated ultrashort‐ signal fraction in the corticospinal tracts measured at 0.09 versus 0.06 in other white matter structures and significantly elevated ultrashort‐ frequency shift in the body of the corpus callosum at 1.5 versus 2.0 ppm in other white matter structures.

Conclusion

The significantly different measured components and measured relaxation time of the ultrashort‐ component suggest that this method is picking up novel signals from phospholipid membrane‐bound protons.
Wissen aus dem Labor unterrichtsgerecht aufbereiten
Authors: Wilke Timm , Petersen Malte , Fruntke Antonia
Published: January 2024

Was Forschende im Labor treiben, ist interessant, aber oft nicht allgemeinverständlich. Ein Transferkonzept, in dem Fachwissenschaft und Fachdidaktik eng kooperieren, macht aktuelle Forschung auch für Schüler:innen erfahr‐ und fassbar.
Von Laboren zu Likes: Experimentieren im Netz
Authors: Leusmann Eliza
Published: January 2024

Twitter – jetzt X –, Bluesky, Instagram, Mastodon: Einige Hochschullehrende zieht es zu sozialen Netzwerken, von anderen wird erwartet, sich dort zu präsentieren. Welche sozialen Netzwerke sie nutzen, was sie sich davon versprechen und wie der Umgangston ist, verraten die Professor:innen Nina Schützenmeister, Johannes Teichert, Janine George und Daniel Wefers.
Quantifizieren ohne Nachweisgrenze?
Authors: Steinhilber Dieter , Weylandt Karsten‐H. , Schebb Nils Helge
Published: January 2024

In der Flüssigkeitschromatographie müssen Substanzen eindeutige Peaks liefern, um zweifelsfrei nachgewiesen werden zu können. Manche Forschende beachten dies nicht. Untaugliche Methoden stellen nun ein ganzes Forschungsfeld infrage.
Mehr Equipment fürs Studieren
Authors: Leusmann Eliza
Published: January 2024

Mit mehr als 400 000 Euro unterstützt der Fonds der chemischen Industrie die Lehre an Hochschulen und Universitäten. Eingesetzt wird das Geld für Hochdurchsatzexperimente, industrielle Biotechnologie und Chemical Data Science.
Mint und mehr
Authors: Karger Gerhard
Published: January 2024

Vertreter und Vertreterinnen von 31 GDCh‐Fachstrukturen, des JCFs und der Bunsen‐Gesellschaft trafen sich im November vergangenen Jahres mit dem GDCh‐Präsidenten und Mitarbeitenden der GDCh‐Geschäftsstelle in Fulda zum Gedankenaustausch und zur Koordinierung der gemeinsamen Arbeit.
Geschichte der Chemie neu denken
Authors: Boeck Gisela , Nimmesgern Hildegard , Wille Eva
Published: January 2024

„Wie können wir unsere Zukunft gestalten, wenn wir unsere Geschichte nicht kennen?“ Diesen Satz hörten die Autorinnen im vergangenen Jahr häufig. So wagten sie auf dem GDCh‐Wissenschaftsforum Chemie in Leipzig ein ungewöhnliches Symposium: „Rethinking History of Chemistry“. Auf anregende Chemiegeschichte(n) folgte eine lebhafte, generationen‐ und fachübergreifende Podiumsdiskussion.
Mehr als eine Carbon Copy
Authors: Hering‐Junghans Christian
Published: January 2024

Manche Polymere haben ein anorganisches Rückgrat, gleichen aber in ihrer Elektronenkonfiguration oder Geometrie kohlenstoffbasierten Kunststoffen. Aus manchen dieser Hauptgruppenelement‐basierten Materialien lassen sich Block‐Copolymere oder Wirkstoffträger synthetisieren, und einige sind sogar einfacher herzustellen als ihre Kohlenstoff‐Pendants.
Nachruf: Klaus Griesar (1966 – 2023)
Authors: Walther Melanie , Utikal Hannes , Küchenthal Christian , von Heimburg Joachim , Baratte Hervé , Albach Rolf , Küsthardt Ulrich , Stella Kevin
Published: January 2024

Klaus Griesar war Vorreiter beim Aufbau des interdisziplinären Themenfelds Chemie und Wirtschaft und verankerte dieses in der GDCh.
Single‐food elimination of cow's milk as a treatment for eosinophilic esophagitis in children aged 2–18 years: A review of the literature
Authors: Grasso Julianna , Radler Diane Rigassio , Zelig Rena
Published: January 2024

Cow's milk elimination (CME) is an established treatment, similar to other forms of diet therapy, for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). However, there is limited research to support its efficacy as a primary treatment. This review evaluated studies published in the past 10 years that assessed the outcomes after CME on histologic remission, clinical findings, and quality of life (QoL) in children aged 2–18 years with EoE. The evidence demonstrated that CME was effective at achieving histologic remission of disease in 50%–65% of children. This intervention also improved clinical symptoms seen on endoscopy and resulted in increased QoL when self‐reported by children. CME can be used as a primary treatment for some children with EoE.
Clinical practice guideline‐inconsistent management of fever and neutropenia in pediatric oncology: A Children's Oncology Group study
Authors: Dupuis L. Lee , Fisher Brian T. , Sugalski A. J. , Grimes Allison Caren , Nuño Michelle , Ramakrishnan S. , Beauchemin M. P. , Robinson Paula D. , Santesso Nancy , Walsh Alexandra , Wrightson A. R. , Yu Lolie , Parsons Susan K. , Sung Lillian
Published: January 2024

Background

The primary objective was to measure the proportion of episodes where care delivery was inconsistent with selected recommendations of a clinical practice guideline (CPG) on fever and neutropenia (FN) management. The influence of site size on CPG‐inconsistent care delivery, and association between patient outcomes and CPG‐inconsistent care were described.

Methods

This retrospective, multicenter study included patients less than 21 years old with cancer who were at high risk of poor FN outcomes and were previously enrolled to a Children's Oncology Group (COG) study at participating National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP) institutions from January 2014 through December 2015. Patients were randomly selected for chart review by participating sites from a COG‐generated list. Care delivered in each episode was adjudicated (CPG‐consistent or CPG‐inconsistent) against each of five selected recommendations.

Results

A total of 107 patients from 22 sites, representing 157 FN episodes, were included. The most common CPG‐inconsistent care delivered was omission of pulmonary computerized tomography in patients with persistent FN (60.3%). Of 74 episodes where assessment of four (episodes without persistent FN) or five (episodes with persistent FN) recommendations was possible, CPG‐inconsistent care was delivered with respect to at least one recommendation in 63 (85%) episodes. Site size was not associated with CPG‐inconsistent care delivery. No statistically significant association between CPG‐inconsistent care and fever recurrence was observed.

Conclusions

In this cohort of pediatric patients at high risk of poor FN outcomes, CPG‐inconsistent care was common. Opportunities to optimize resource stewardship by boosting supportive care CPG implementation are highlighted.
Percutaneous biopsy for the diagnosis, risk stratification, and molecular profiling of neuroblastoma: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Schoeman Sean , Bagatell Rochelle , Cahill Anne Marie , Maris John , Mattei Peter , Mosse Yael , Pogoriler Jennifer , Srinivasan Abhay , Acord Michael
Published: January 2024

Purpose

To determine whether percutaneous core needle biopsy (PCNB) is adequate for the diagnosis and full molecular characterization of newly diagnosed neuroblastoma.

Materials and methods

Patients with newly diagnosed neuroblastoma who underwent PCNB in interventional radiology at a single center over a 5‐year period were included. Pre‐procedure imaging and procedure details were reviewed. Rates of diagnostic success and sufficiency for International Neuroblastoma Pathology Classification (INPC), risk stratification, and evaluation of genomic markers utilized in the Children's Oncology Group risk stratification, and status of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene were assessed.

Results

Thirty‐five patients (13 females, median age 2.4 years [interquartile range, IQR: 0.9–4.4] and median weight 12.4 kg [IQR: 9.6–18]) were included. Most had International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Stage M disease (n = 22, 63%). Median longest axis of tumor target was 8.8 cm [IQR: 6.1–12]. A 16‐gauge biopsy instrument was most often used (n = 20, 57%), with a median of 20 cores [IQR: 13–23] obtained. Twenty‐five specimens were assessed for adequacy, and 14 procedures utilized contrast‐enhanced ultrasound guidance. There were two post‐procedure bleeds (5.7%). Thirty‐four of 35 procedures (97%) were sufficient for histopathologic diagnosis and risk stratification, 94% (n = 32) were sufficient for INPC, and 85% (n = 29) were sufficient for complete molecular characterization, including ALK testing. Biologic information was otherwise obtained from bone marrow (4/34, 12%) or surgery (1/34, 2.9%). The number of cores did not differ between patients with sufficient versus insufficient biopsies.

Conclusion

In this study, obtaining multiple cores with PCNB resulted in a high rate of diagnosis and successful molecular profiling for neuroblastoma.
A Tandem Aldol Condensation/Diels‐Alder Sequence of Reactions for One‐Pot Synthesis of a New Series of Polysubstituted‐Decalines
Authors: Saeed Abaee M. , Alizadeh Sahar , Azadi Paria , Mojtahedi Mohammad M. , Halvagar Mohammad R.
Published: January 2024

A tandem aldol condensation/Diels‐Alder sequence of reactions was designed leading to the synthesis of a new series of derivatives of polysubstituted‐decalines. Both steps of the process took place in the same pot and in the presence of H2O/PEG as the medium and diethylamine as the catalyst of the process. The required dienes were formed in situ and reacted with the dienophile (acrylonitrile) to produce high yields of the final decaline derivatives. Mechanistic studies suggested that the process goes through an initial aldol condensation reaction followed by a [4+2] cycloaddition step and then an olefinic bond rearrangement to give the final adducts. To support the proposed mechanism, the intermediate dienes were synthesized separately as well and their stepwise reactions with the dienophile led to the same products. Ten derivatives of the target structure were prepared and then characterized by various spectroscopic methods and X‐ray crystallography analysis. The procedure was also developed to engage some other dienophiles successfully.
Achieving Long‐Lived Charge Separated State through Ultrafast Interfacial Hole Transfer in Redox Sites‐Isolated CdS Nanorods for Enhanced Photocatalysis
Authors: Jiang Daochuan , Li Zhongfei , Li Hao , Cheng Yingpeng , Du Haiwei , Zhu Chuhong , Meng Lingchen , Fang Yuetong , Zhao Chunyi , Lou Zaizhu , Lu Zhou , Yuan Yupeng
Published: January 2024

As opposed to natural photosynthesis, a significant challenge in a semiconductor‐based photocatalyst is the limited hole extraction efficiency, which adversely affects solar‐to‐fuel efficiency. Recent studies have demonstrated that photocatalysts featuring spatially isolated dual catalytic oxidation/reduction sites can yield enhanced hole extraction efficiencies. However, the decay dynamics of excited states in such photocatalysts have not been explored. Here a ternary barbell‐shaped CdS/MoS2/Cu2S heterostructure is prepared, comprising CdS nanorods (NRs) interfaced with MoS2 nanosheets at both ends and Cu2S nanoparticles on the sidewall. By using transient absorption (TA) spectra, highly efficient charge separation within the CdS/MoS2/Cu2S heterostructure are identified. This is achieved through directed electron transfer to the MoS2 tips at a rate constant of >8.3 × 109 s−1 and rapid hole transfer to the Cu2S nanoparticles on the sidewall at a rate of >6.1 × 1010 s−1, leading to an exceptional overall charge transfer constant of 2.3 × 1011 s−1 in CdS/MoS2/Cu2S. The enhanced hole transfer efficiency results in a remarkably prolonged charge‐separated state, facilitating efficient electron accumulation within the MoS2 tips. Consequently, the ternary CdS/MoS2/Cu2S heterostructure demonstrates a 22‐fold enhancement in visible‐light‐driven H2 generation compare to pure CdS nanorods. This work highlights the significance of efficient hole extraction in enhancing the solar‐to‐H2 performance of semiconductor‐based heterostructure.
A Versatile Strategy for the Generation of Air‐stable Radical‐functionalized Materials
Authors: Zhang Su‐Yun , Yang Xiao‐Dong , Zhang Ya‐Jun , Zhou Jun‐Hao , Liu Si‐Hua , Sun Jian‐Ke
Published: January 2024

The exploration of a facile approach to create structurally versatile substances carrying air‐stable radicals is highly desired, but still a huge challenge in chemistry and materials science. Herein, a non‐contact method to generate air‐stable radicals by exposing pyridine/imidazole ring‐bearing substances to volatile cyanuric chloride vapor, harnessed as a chemical fuel is reported. This remarkable feat is accomplished through a nucleophilic substitution reaction, wherein an intrinsic electron transfer event transpires spontaneously, originating from the chloride anion (Cl−) to the cationic nitrogen (N+) atom, ultimately giving rise to pyridinium/imidazolium radicals. Impressively, the generated radicals exhibit noteworthy stability in the air over one month owing to the delocalization of the unpaired electron through the extended and highly fused π‐conjugated pyridinium/imidazolium‐triazine unit. Such an approach is universal to diverse substances, including organic molecules, metal–organic complexes, hydrogels, polymers, and organic cage materials. Capitalizing on this versatile technique, surface radical functionalization can be readily achieved across diverse substrates. Moreover, the generated radical species showcase a myriad of high‐performance applications, including mimicking natural peroxidase to accelerate oxidation reactions and achieving high‐efficiency near‐infrared photothermal conversion and photothermal bacterial inhibition.
Model‐based user experience‐focused roadmapping
Authors: Yuskevich Ilya , Hein Andreas Makoto , Doufene Abdelkrim , Jankovic Marija
Published: January 2024

Technology roadmapping is an important yet challenging strategic process involving inter‐disciplinary knowledge and requiring key decision‐makers participation. To improve and facilitate this activity, a concept of model‐based technology roadmapping has been proposed in the literature as an application of model‐based systems engineering practices to the strategic planning domain. At the same time, many modern complex technical systems are required to be not only functional, efficient, and reliable, but also useful, usable, and desirable, which shifts the focus of planning to the user experience (UX). In this paper, we developed a Domain‐specific language that uniformly represents key concepts related to the four levels essential for strategic planning in the user‐oriented business context: market, UX design, engineering design, and technology. A collaborative interactive software was developed to support the proposed methodology. As a case study, a sustainable transformation of the automotive sector was tested and implemented in the software.
YVG‐SLAM: Dynamic Feature Removal SLAM Algorithm Without A Priori Assumptions Based on Object Detection and View Geometry
Authors: Li Juan , Wei Qi , Cui Xuerong , Jiang Bin , Li Shibao , Liu JianHang
Published: January 2024

Visual SLAM algorithms can obtain a large amount of texture information from the environment and usually perform very well in static scenes, but there are a large number of irregular dynamic points when running in dynamic scenes, which can lead to increased error in SLAM feature point matching and loss of tracking localization. To address this challenge this paper proposes a SLAM system (YVG‐SLAM) that adapts to dynamic scenes. YVG‐SLAM is an improvement on the ORB‐SLAM3 algorithm, integrating the view geometry algorithm and the current powerful YOLOv5 algorithm, while proposing a dynamic feature removal strategy without a priori assumptions to reduce the influence of dynamic targets. In this paper, we first lighten the YOLOv5 algorithm, then process the image frame to get the bounding box, then use the view geometry algorithm to determine the dynamic feature points on the image frame, and finally remove the moving objects in the image frame according to the dynamic feature recognition strategy proposed in this paper. The performance of the algorithm is tested on the TUM RGB‐D and BONN RGB‐D datasets. The experimental results show that the robustness of the proposed algorithm on most video sequences is better than the existing SLAM algorithms dealing with dynamic scenes such as Detect‐SLAM and DynaSLAM, and the RMSE index of the absolute trajectory error measured on high‐speed dynamic video sequences can be significantly reduced by more than 93% compared to ORB‐SLAM3. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Tumor markers for lipid metabolism‐related genes: Based on small cell lung cancer and bronchial asthma dual analysis
Authors: Wang Xiaobin , Gao Yang , Wang Haiqiang , Gong Xiaokang , Bao Peilong
Published: January 2024

Numerous studies have elucidated the intricate relationship between bronchial asthma and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), as well as the role lipid metabolism genes play in transitioning from bronchial asthma to SCLC. Despite this, the predictive power of single gene biomarkers remains insufficient and necessitates the development of more accurate prognostic models. In our study, we downloaded and preprocessed scRNA‐seq of SCLC from the GEO database GSE164404 and severe asthma scRNA‐seq from GSE145013 using the Seurat package. Using the MSigDB database and geneCard database, we selected lipid metabolism‐related genes and performed scRNA‐seq data analysis from the gene expression GEO database, aiming to uncover potential links between immune signaling pathways in bronchial asthma and SCLC. Our investigations yielded differentially expressed genes based on the scRNA‐seq dataset related to lipid metabolism. We executed differential gene analysis, gene ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses. In‐depth GSEA pathway activation analysis, crucial target gene predictions via protein–protein interactions, and key cluster gene evaluations for differential and diagnostic ROC values correlation analysis confirmed that key cluster genes are significant predictors for the progression of bronchial asthma to SCLC. To validate our findings, we performed wet laboratory experiments using real‐time quantitative PCR to assess the expression of these relevant genes in SCLC cell lines. In conclusion, this research proposes a novel lipid metabolism‐related gene marker that can offer comprehensive insights into the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma leading to SCLC. Although this study does not directly focus on senescence‐associated molecular alterations, our findings in the lipid metabolism genes associated with inflammation and cancer progression offer valuable insights for further research targeting senescence‐related changes in treating inflammatory diseases.
METTL3‐mediated m6A modification of EPPK1 to promote the development of esophageal cancer through regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Jia Jun , Yu Longhai
Published: January 2024

Methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3) has been proved to be involved in the progression of various cancers. In this study, we explored the role of METTL3 and its underlying mechanism in esophageal cancer progression. The mRNA and protein levels of METTL3 and epiplakin1 (EPPK1) were determined using qRT‐PCR and western blot. The proliferative ability was evaluated through 3‐(4,5)‐dimethylthiahiazo (‐z‐y1)‐3,5‐di‐ phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT), colony formation, and EdU assays. Transwell invasion assay and wound‐healing assay were employed for detecting cell invasion and migration, respectively. Cell stemness was evaluated by sphere‐formation assay. Xenograft tumor experiments and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed to explore the effects of METTL3 knockdown on tumor growth in vivo. The N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification of EPPK1 was analyzed using MeRIP. RNA‐protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) and dual‐luciferase reporter assays were used to verify the relationship between EPPK1 and METTL3. METTL3 was upregulated in esophageal cancer tissues and cells, which was related to the poor prognosis of esophageal cancer patients. Knockdown of METTL3 overtly decreased the proliferative, invasive, migrated abilities, and cell stemness of esophageal cancer cells in vitro. Moreover, depletion of METTL3 also observably suppressed the growth of tumor in vivo. EPPK1 was a direct target of METTL3, and METTL3 could mediate the m6A modification of EPPK1. EPPK1 was downregulated in esophageal cancer tissues and cells, and EPPK1 depletion markedly repressed cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and stemness of esophageal cancer cells. The inhibition effects of METTL3 deficiency on these malignant behaviors were harbored by EPPK1 upregulation in esophageal cancer cells. In addition, METTL3 deficiency reduced EPPK1 expression to inactivate the PI3K/AKT pathway. Our results revealed that METTL3 deficiency regulated the m6A modification of EPPK1 to inhibit the PI3K/AKT pathway, thereby restraining the progression of esophageal cancer.