bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Structural Properties of (2, 6)-Fullerenes
Authors: Yang Rui , Yuan Mingzhu
Published: November 2023

A (2,6)-fullerene F is a 2-connected cubic planar graph whose faces are only 2-length and 6-length. Furthermore, it consists of exactly three 2-length faces by Euler’s formula. The (2,6)-fullerene comes from Došlić’s (k,6)-fullerene, a 2-connected 3-regular plane graph with only k-length faces and hexagons. Došlić showed that the (k,6)-fullerenes only exist for k=2, 3, 4, or 5, and some of the structural properties of (k,6)-fullerene for k=3, 4, or 5 were studied. The structural properties, such as connectivity, extendability, resonance, and anti−Kekulé number, are very useful for studying the number of perfect matchings in a graph, and thus for the study of the stability of the molecular graphs. In this paper, we study the properties of (2,6)-fullerene. We discover that the edge-connectivity of (2,6)-fullerenes is 2. Every (2,6)-fullerene is 1-extendable, but not 2-extendable (F is called n-extendable (|V(F)|≥2n+2) if any matching of n edges is contained in a perfect matching of F). F is said to be k-resonant (k≥1) if the deleting of any i (0≤i≤k) disjoint even faces of F results in a graph with at least one perfect matching. We have that every (2,6)-fullerene is 1-resonant. An edge set, S, of F is called an anti−Kekulé set if F−S is connected and has no perfect matchings, where F−S denotes the subgraph obtained by deleting all edges in S from F. The anti−Kekulé number of F, denoted by ak(F), is the cardinality of a smallest anti−Kekulé set of F. We have that every (2,6)-fullerene F with |V(F)|>6 has anti−Kekulé number 4. Further we mainly prove that there exists a (2,6)-fullerene F having fF hexagonal faces, where fF is related to the two parameters n and m.
(Micro)Plastics Are Toxic Pollutants
Authors: Weis Judith S. , Alava Juan José
Published: November 2023

Plastics, including microplastics, have generally been regarded as harmful to organisms because of their physical characteristics. There has recently been a call to understand and regard them as persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic. This review elaborates on the reasons that microplastics in particular should be considered as “toxic pollutants”. This view is supported by research demonstrating that they contain toxic chemicals within their structure and also adsorb additional chemicals, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), from the environment. Furthermore, these chemicals can be released into tissues of animals that consume microplastics and can be responsible for the harmful effects observed on biological processes such as development, physiology, gene expression, and behavior. Leachates, weathering, and biofilm play important roles in the interactions between microplastics and biota. Global policy efforts by the United Nations Environmental Assembly via the international legally binding treaty to address global plastic pollution should consider the designation of harmful plastics (e.g., microplastics) with associated hazardous chemicals as toxic pollutants.
Efficacy of a New Alcohol-Free Organic Acid-Based Hand Sanitizer against Foodborne Pathogens
Authors: Bayer Gözde , Shayganpour Amirreza , Bayer Ilker S.
Published: November 2023

In light of the global health crisis triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous experts have deemed the utilization of hand sanitizers imperative as a precautionary measure against the virus. Consequently, the demand for hand sanitizers has experienced a substantial surge. Since the beginning of 2020, the utilization of alcohol-free hand sanitizers has been increasingly favored due to the potential risks associated with alcohol poisoning, flammability, as well as the adverse effects on skin lipid dissolution, dehydration, and sebum reduction, which can lead to severe cases of eczema and norovirus infections. In this study, we developed an aqueous hand sanitizer that does not contain alcohol. The sanitizer consists of naturally occurring, food-grade organic acids, including lactic, citric, and azelaic acids. Additionally, food-grade ammonium sulfate and a small amount of povidone-iodine (PVPI) were included in the formulation to create a synergistic and potent antibacterial effect. The effectiveness of the hand sanitizer was evaluated against four common foodborne pathogens, namely Clostridium botulinum, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus, via in vitro testing. The organic acids exhibited a synergistic inhibitory function, resulting in a 3-log reduction in CFU/mL. Furthermore, the presence of povidone-iodine and ammonium sulfate enhanced their antibacterial effect, leading to a 4-log reduction in CFU/mL. The hand sanitizer solution remained stable even after 60 days of storage. During this period, the detection of additional triiodide (I3−) ions occurred, which have the ability to release broad-spectrum molecular iodine upon penetrating the cell walls. This alcohol-free hand sanitizer may offer extended protection and is anticipated to be gentle on the skin. This is attributed to the presence of citric and lactic acids, which possess cosmetic properties that soften and smoothen the skin, along with antioxidant properties.
A Digital Twin Lake Framework for Monitoring and Management of Harmful Algal Blooms
Authors: Qiu Yinguo , Liu Hao , Liu Jiaxin , Li Dexin , Liu Chengzhao , Liu Weixin , Wang Jindi , Jiao Yaqin
Published: November 2023

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) caused by lake eutrophication and climate change have become one of the most serious problems for the global water environment. Timely and comprehensive data on HABs are essential for their scientific management, a need unmet by traditional methods. This study constructed a novel digital twin lake framework (DTLF) aiming to integrate, represent and analyze multi-source monitoring data on HABs and water quality, so as to support the prevention and control of HABs. In this framework, different from traditional research, browser-based front ends were used to execute the video-based HAB monitoring process, and real-time monitoring in the real sense was realized. On this basis, multi-source monitored results of HABs and water quality were integrated and displayed in the constructed DTLF, and information on HABs and water quality can be grasped comprehensively, visualized realistically and analyzed precisely. Experimental results demonstrate the satisfying frequency of video-based HAB monitoring (once per second) and the valuable results of multi-source data integration and analysis for HAB management. This study demonstrated the high value of the constructed DTLF in accurate monitoring and scientific management of HABs in lakes.
Immunity after Vaccination against COVID-19
Authors: Tylicki Leszek
Published: November 2023

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic at the turn of 2019 and 2020 posed a substantial challenge for the world [...]
Mucosal Immunization Has Benefits over Traditional Subcutaneous Immunization with Group A Streptococcus Antigens in a Pilot Study in a Mouse Model
Authors: Shaw Helen Alexandra , Remmington Alex , McKenzie Giselle , Winkel Caroline , Mawas Fatme
Published: November 2023

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a major human pathogen for which there is no licensed vaccine. To protect against infection, a strong systemic and mucosal immune response is likely to be necessary to prevent initial colonization and any events that might lead to invasive disease. A broad immune response will be necessary to target the varied GAS serotypes and disease presentations. To this end, we designed a representative panel of recombinant proteins to cover the stages of GAS infection and investigated whether mucosal and systemic immunity could be stimulated by these protein antigens. We immunized mice sublingually, intranasally and subcutaneously, then measured IgG and IgA antibody levels and functional activity through in vitro assays. Our results show that both sublingual and intranasal immunization in the presence of adjuvant induced both systemic IgG and mucosal IgA. Meanwhile, subcutaneous immunization generated only a serum IgG response. The antibodies mediated binding and killing of GAS cells and blocked binding of GAS to HaCaT cells, particularly following intranasal and subcutaneous immunizations. Further, antigen-specific assays revealed that immune sera inhibited cleavage of IL-8 by SpyCEP and IgG by Mac/IdeS. These results demonstrate that mucosal immunization can induce effective systemic and mucosal antibody responses. This finding warrants further investigation and optimization of humoral and cellular responses as a viable alternative to subcutaneous immunization for urgently needed GAS vaccines.
Assessment of Tidal Current Energy Resources in the Pearl River Estuary Using a Numerical Method
Authors: Wang Weiyuan , Hu Zijun , Li Mengyu , Zhang Hongxing
Published: November 2023

In this paper, a numerical method is employed to assess tidal current energy resources in the Pearl River Estuary, China. The numerical model for tidal current simulation in the estuary is developed based on the MIKE 21 model, which enables numerical simulations in estuaries, coastal areas, and oceans. The model has a grid resolution that varies from about 2500 m at the open boundary to 500–1000 m inside the estuary. Extensive model validation is performed by comparing the model predictions with field observations of tidal level and velocity at various stations in the Pearl River Estuary. The tidal characteristics are thoroughly analyzed. Energy fluxes and power densities are calculated along selected cross sections to evaluate the feasibility of tidal energy development in the Pearl River Estuary. The results indicate that the distribution of annual average tidal current power density in the Pearl River Estuary generally aligns with the spatial distribution of tidal currents. The annual average power density of tidal energy is typically below 0.10 kW/m2. The theoretical potential of tidal current energy resources in the Pearl River Estuary is assessed to be approximately 11,000 kW.
Analysis of Heavy Metal Contaminants and Mobility in Sewage sludge-soil Mixtures for Sustainable Agricultural Practices
Authors: Janaszek Agata , Kowalik Robert
Published: November 2023

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the potential utilization of sewage sludge in agriculture, focusing on the assessment of heavy metal contaminants and their mobility in sewage sludge-soil mixtures. The innovative approach of investigating heavy metal fractions in these mixtures sheds light on their environmental implications. In this study, sludge and soil samples from three different soil categories were collected, and the mobility of heavy metals was investigated using sequential BCR analysis. A thorough assessment of the risk of environmental contamination associated with the agricultural use of sludge was also carried out. This study included the calculation of various risk indicators, such as the Geoaccumulation Index of heavy metals in soil (Igeo), the risk assessment code (RAC), and the author’s element mobility ratio (EMR), which included a comparison of the overall metal concentrations in sludge, soil, and mixtures. This study demonstrates that the key to using sludge is to know the form of mobility of the metals present in the sludge and how they behave once they are introduced into the soil.
Changes in the Urban Hydrological Cycle of the Future Using Low-Impact Development Based on Shared Socioeconomic Pathway Scenarios
Authors: Yoon Eui Hyeok , Sung Jang Hyun , Kim Byung-Sik , Seong Kee-Won , Choi Jung-Ryel , Seo Young-Ho
Published: November 2023

Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios have been used for various studies in the field of climate change. In this regard, the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenario has been newly introduced to examine climate change impacts, but relevant research is still insufficient. For this reason, new SSP scenarios with a combination of Low-Impact Development (LID) techniques are applied to predict rainfall-runoff efficiency and hydrological variation. The inter-model variability in the monthly average precipitation for each GCM according to new SSP scenarios under future climate was investigated. Based on the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, the results show precipitation changes with an increase of 4.8% and 12.3%, respectively. Furthermore, precipitation projections under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios are predicted to increase by 13.9% and 20.6%, respectively, indicating that the magnitude of precipitation increases with new climate change scenarios. The Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) during the future period indicated that LID applications will reduce runoff compared with scenarios with no LID application. In particular, the introduction of permeable pavement and infiltration trenches revealed the best runoff reduction performance among the combinations of LID techniques considered. In addition, this study projected changes in the urban hydrological cycle for the climate over the next 30 years to reflect the implementation of urban hydrological cycle plans, which take approximately 10 years. Overall, it was found that, in the future, LID applications will contribute to improving the sustainability of the urban hydrological cycle of the study area. The results of our study can provide future directions for water management strategies in Korea.
Adsorption Technologies for the Removal of Cytostatics in Water: A Review
Authors: Garcia-Costa Alicia L. , Gouveia Teresa I. A. , Alves Arminda , Santos Mónica S. F.
Published: November 2023

One of the most common treatments for cancer disease requires the administration of cytostatics, which are very effective drugs in the elimination of cancerous cells, but are toxic for healthy tissues. After being administered to patients, they are excreted and frequently reach natural water bodies, due to their poor degradation in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), posing a global threat to the environment and human health. The study of proper treatment approaches for the effective removal of these hazardous drugs in WWTPs is thus a topic of concern and of utmost importance to ensure environmental integrity, resilience and sustainability. The aim of this work is to perform a comprehensive review of the application of adsorption-based processes for the treatment of aqueous matrices contaminated with cytostatics, which has never been addressed before. A detailed discussion on the operating conditions, type and concentrations of sorbents used, toxicity of the effluents and other relevant parameters is presented. This paper aims to help identify the most promising sorbents and conditions, the current knowledge gaps, and future challenges/perspectives on adsorption technologies (isolated or coupled with other processes) to tackle the problem of cytostatic fingerprints in water courses. Additionally, information concerning the implementation of these technologies from an environmental and economic (life cycle assessment) perspective is given.
Speed Stability and Anti-Disturbance Performance Improvement of an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Chen Zhongxian , Dai Xianglin , Faizan Munawar
Published: November 2023

To enhance the speed stability and anti-interference performance of the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) in electric vehicles, a composite control strategy, incorporating sliding mode control (SMC) and extended state observer (ESO), was implemented to regulate the IPMSM’s speed. Firstly, three simulation analysis models of the IPMSM were established based on its electrical parameters. The current-loop regulator was a PI regulator, while the speed-loop regulators consisted of a basic SMC regulator, a linear SMC–ESO regulator, and a nonlinear SMC–ESO regulator. The simulation analysis results demonstrated that all three speed-loop regulators effectively ensured the speed stability of the IPMSM. However, the nonlinear SMC–ESO regulator exhibited superior performance in terms of enhancing the IPMSM’s resistance to disturbances. Secondly, a hardware testing platform was constructed to validate the simulation analysis findings. The hardware testing results, when compared to the simulation analysis results, revealed the need for optimization of the PI regulator’s control parameters to maintain the speed stability of the IPMSM. Moreover, contrary to the simulation analysis results, the hardware testing results indicated minimal difference in the anti-disturbance performance of the IPMSM between the linear SMC–ESO regulator and the nonlinear SMC–ESO regulator. Finally, the differences between the simulation analysis results and the hardware testing results are thoroughly discussed and analyzed, providing valuable insights for the practical implementation of IPMSM in electric vehicle drive systems.
Semantics of Louis Durey’s vocal-instrumental cycle “Songs on Saint Léger Léger’s poems” (“Images à Crusoé”)
Authors: Krasnoshchok Kateryna
Published: November 2023

Statement of the problem. The article aims to investigate the semantics of the vocal-instrumental cycle “Songs on Saint Léger Léger’s poems” by Louis Edmond Durey (1888–1979), one of the representatives of the French “Group of Six”. This composition, which also has another name – “Images à Crusoé”, written in 1918, belongs to the period of formation of French modernism. The primary literary source, the poem of the same name by Alexis Saint Léger Léger, better known under the pseudonym Saint John Perce, has certain features of surrealistic aesthetics, which also influenced the musical dramaturgy of the cycle. Objectives, methods, and novelty of the research. Until today, this composition by Louis Durey has not been considered in domestic musicology, therefore, the task of the study is to describe the figurative sphere of the work, to identify its main intonation-semantic constructions and, ultimately, a more thorough explore of the individual style of the composer. The research was carried out using historical-contextual, comparative, and systemanalytical methods. Results and conclusion. According to his results, it was established that Louis Durey embodied not so much the content of Saint John Perce’s poetic stanzas as his personal attitude to his poetic images and metaphors. The composer operates with a whole semantic system of leit-intonemas and through- genre models (polka, lullaby, chorale, hymn) and builds semantic arches between numbers of the cycle. Cross-cutting musical and semantic elements also become components of arch dramaturgy: intonations of circles, “spindles”, bells, sighs, and the instrumental texture of all numbers of the cycle contains quarto-quint steps. Pentatonic, whole-tone and natural scales contribute to the reproduction of the atmosphere of the exotic nature of the deserted island, as well as the sound imaging techniques used by Durey. The dramaturgy of the cycle is built according to the montage principle, which is mostly subordinated to the type of verse and the semantic content of Saint John Perce’s poetry. Division of the musical form is carried out by changing the size, tempo, genre style. Thus, each number of the cycle consists of short sections connected to each other thanks to the collage technique. The rhythmic and thematic variety in the collage of episodes“frames” indicates the presence of game logic in L. Durey’s cycle. Certain influences on the music of the cycle of illustrations for Daniel Defoe’s novel “Robinson Crusoe”, created in the second half of the 19th century by Carl Offendinger, in perspective, allow us to consider the work in the context of the problem of the synthesis of arts as of a component of modernistic aesthetics.
Exploring organo-bentonite adsorption properties for biphenyl removal from organic-aqueous media: kinetic study and industrial perspective
Authors: Gherdaoui Chems Eddine , Aldoori Hussam , Alaoui Chakib , Oumeddour Hanene , Taibi Zohra , Zeggai Nouh , Lerari Djahida , Maschke Ulrich
Published: November 2023

Biphenyl, a frequently encountered and resilient compound in wastewater, proves resistant to conventional treatment methods because of its enduring nature. It forms the structural basis for persistent organic pollutants such as PCBs. In this study, we explored the adsorption of biphenyl in an organo-aqueous medium using both natural (Bent) and organomodified (CTAB-Bent) bentonite clay. Our objective was to highlight its potential for biphenyl wastewater treatment. We analyzed the physicochemical and textural properties of these clays through FTIR, XRF, XRD, SEM, BET method, and Zeta potential measurements. Impressively, these materials exhibited remarkable biphenyl adsorption capacity under acidic conditions, with Bent achieving 60% removal and CTAB-Bent an impressive 91%. We investigated the adsorption kinetics using first-order and pseudo-second-order models and assessed isotherm data with the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Langmuir-Freundlich (sips) equations. The Langmuir model, at pH 3, proved optimal, with high accuracy (R²) and minimal error (RMSE) values (0.997 and 1.20, respectively). Clay nature significantly influenced pollutant uptake efficiency, confirming the efficacy of the selected bio-based clay. We propose a protocol adaptable for industrial-scale applications.
Operações especiais policiais na Polícia Militar do Paraná: uma proposta de modernização do marco legal para o fortalecimento do Core Business do Batalhão de Operações Policiais Especiais
Authors: De Oliveira Junior Ilson , Hoinatski Cezar
Published: November 2023

No portfólio de serviços operacionais da Polícia Militar do Paraná (PMPR) há a complexa atividade de Operações Especiais Policiais, a qual tem seu planejamento no nível organizacional operacional realizado pelo Batalhão de Operações Policiais Especiais (BOPE), por força de competência legal e atribuições no conjunto de leis e decretos estaduais do Estado do Paraná e de diretrizes internas da Corporação. Entretanto, apesar da longa trajetória organizacional da atividade de OpEspPol e de recentes reestruturações, verificou-se a necessidade de promover atualizações normativas que sirvam de subsídio para o desenvolvimento de competências individuais e coletivas de alto desempenho, gerando resultados operacionais e também criando valor público para a sociedade. Diante deste panorama, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma proposta de modernização do marco legal da atividade de OpEspPol da PMPR em aderência com os objetivos do Plano Estratégico 2022-2035 para o fortalecimento do Core Business do BOPE. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter bibliográfico e documental, com enfoque qualitativo, justificando-se no plano social, acadêmico e institucional.
Biofilm Forms of Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Ниткин Д.М.
Published: November 2023

В статье обсуждается роль биопленочных форм инфекции мочевых путей в развитии урологической патологии. Отмечается значение биопленок как дополнительного фактора вирулентности уропатогенов, существенно влияющего на рецидивирование инфекции мочевых путей и устойчивость к традиционным методам лечения и антибиотикотерапии. Рассматриваются методы профилактики формирования биопленок. Особое внимание уделяется возможностям долгосрочной фитотерапии как методу лечения и профилактики биопленочных форм инфекции мочевых путей.

The article discusses the role of biofilm forms of urinary tract infection in the development of urological pathology. The importance of biofilms as an additional factor of virulence of uropathogens, significantly affecting the recurrence of urinary tract infection and resistance to traditional methods of treatment and antibiotic therapy, is noted. Methods of prevention of biofilm formation are considered. Special attention is paid to the possibilities of long-term phytotherapy as a method of treatment and prevention of biofilm forms of urinary tract infection.
Exploring the Impact of Industrialization on Social Mobility in Rural Com-munities: Towards Inclusive and Sustainable Economic Transformation
Authors: Heifetz Inglehart , Jaffe Platts Glover
Published: November 2023

This research explores the complex interplay between industrialization and social mobility, unraveling the intricate dynamics that shape the socio-economic trajectories of individuals and communities, with a particular focus on rural areas. Employing a mixed-methods approach, quantitative analyses illuminate macro-level trends, while qualitative narratives capture the lived experiences of individuals amidst economic transformations. Findings reveal a positive correlation between technological adoption and educational attainment, emphasizing the pivotal role of skills development in the face of industrialization. The negative correlation observed between industrial employment and income inequality underscores the potential for inclusive economic structures in regions with a significant rural workforce. Through regression analyses, the study identifies the percentage contribution of the industrial sector to GDP as a significant predictor of occupational mobility, shedding light on the macro-economic factors shaping employment dynamics. Infrastructure development emerges as a strong predictor of educational attainment, emphasizing the importance of a supportive environment for learning. Qualitative narratives highlight the agency of individuals in navigating challenges, emphasizing the transformative impact of vocational training programs and the role of community support networks in mitigating the effects of urbanization. Moderating factors, including government policies, technological inclusivity, and access to resources, add layers of complexity to the relationship between industrialization and social mobility. The study extends the discourse by emphasizing the unique challenges and opportunities within rural communities, challenging an urban-centric perspective. It contributes to a nuanced understanding of the conditions shaping social mobility and calls for tailored policies that recognize the diversity of experiences within the broader context of industrialization
AN EVALUATION OF ROBO-ADVISOR RISK ASSESSMENT QUESTIONNAIRES IN SELECTED ASIA PACIFIC ECONOMIES
Authors: Thong Lai Yan , Yee Chow Peng
Published: November 2023

This study was conducted to evaluate the risk assessment questionnaires of a sample of 30 robo-advisors from seven selected Asia Pacific economies. Using a descriptive research approach, the study initially classified the questions gathered from the robo-advisor risk assessment questionnaires into risk capacity and risk tolerance, and further divided them into 26 subcategories. Then a comparison of the number of questions in each robo-advisor’s questionnaire was followed, where the risk tolerance wa found to have a higher proportion of questions than risk capacity. Next, the comparison of the questions per subcategory for each sample economy was done and reported that questions on investment amount dominate the risk capacity category, while risk versus return preference prevails in the risk tolerance category. Lastly, an analysis of the correlation between the answer value and percentage of equity in the recommended portfolios of robo-advisors in each sample economy was performed. The findings revealed that most of the robo-advisors formulate their portfolio recommendations without utilizing all the parameters or questions in the risk assessment questionnaires. The key influences of robo-advisors’ portfolio recommendations were asset allocation choices of the investors, followed by the investors’ attitude towards risk and risk versus return preference. This paper enriches the literature on robo-advisors by evaluating the risk assessment questionnaires adopted in the Asia Pacific region. In terms of practical implications, the results highlight the deficiencies of the existing questionnaires and assert that they should be reviewed and redesigned to more accurately capture investors’ risk characteristics and reflect all information gathered in the portfolio recommendations.
STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE FLIPPED CLASSROOM MODEL APPLIED TO ADVANCED ENGLISH READING: A CASE STUDY OF ENGLISH MAJORS AT THAI BINH DUONG UNVERSITY, VIETNAM
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Tran Hoai , Nguyen Suong Thuan Tuyet
Published: November 2023

Self-study is considered one of the indispensable skills of learners in general and university students in particular in the 4.0 technology era. In order to develop the spirit of active inquiry, knowledge acquisition, and a flexible learning environment, this study examined the application of the flipped classroom model for an academic Advanced Reading course for students majoring in English. It aimed to find out the factors affecting students’ awareness and understanding of students’ perceptions of the effectiveness of the flipped model for this subject. Research results collected through indepth interviews with 15 students showed that there were many positive responses to this model and pointed out the limitations of the model for Advanced Reading, suggesting how teachers can develop more effective teaching methods in this area.
RETINAL VESSELS EXTRACTION BASED ON IMPROVING LINE DETECTION
Authors: Nguyen Hien Mong
Published: November 2023

In the medical field, medical images have supported doctors in detecting some dangerous problems related to health. These problems are caused by abnormalities in retinal blood vessels. Therefore, analysis of retinal vascular features is a good way to detect these abnormalities that help doctors make suitable treatment plans in the early stage. One of the retinal analysis tasks is retinal blood vessel extraction which plays an important role because it needs to be done before any measurement can be created. This paper proposed an approach for retinal blood vessel extraction based on multi-scale line detection. In the proposed method, the input image is applied by a multi-scale line detection technique to detect retinal blood vessels. As a result, our method can work effectively to extract more vessels. The performance of the proposed method evaluates both quantitatively and qualitatively on publicly available DRIVE datasets with an accuracy average reaching 96%. The result of the proposed method is better than the other methods.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF AN ELECTROSPINNING PROCESS USING COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS
Authors: Truong Chinh Van , Nguyen Tho Van , Nguyen Trieu Khoa
Published: November 2023

Electrospinning is an advanced method to produce ultra-thin plastic fibers for use in tissue culture, non-woven fabrics, batteries, air filtration, water purification, and the like. This paper presents a method using numerical simulation to study the operating parameters of an electrospinning device. The software used is COMSOL Multiphysics. This commercial simulation software solution facilitates finite element analysis using differential equations (PDEs). The current study details the steps of using COMSOL Multiphysics to model an electrospinning device, which has not received enough attention in previous studies. Therefore, this study aims to provide a detailed understanding of the critical parameters governing the electrospinning process simulations, which is a crucial step toward developing an efficient electrospinning device. Moreover, this research endeavor aims to expand the usage of numerical simulations in the field of electrospinning, particularly for beginners.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONTROLLERS IN AN ANTI-LOCK BRAKING SYSTEM USING MATLAB/SIMULINK
Authors: Truong Men Van , Huynh Banh Thanh
Published: November 2023

Anti-lock Braking System is one of the vital safety features in modern cars and trucks that can prevent the wheels from locking while the brakes are applied in the moving vehicles. During a braking condition, speed sensors in ABS send signals to the Anti-lock Braking System control unit to estimate the wheel slip ratio, and if the ratio is different from the desired value, the control unit will send a message to the braking actuator to control braking torque. In this paper, the dynamics and subsystems of the Anti-lock Braking System are presented and a model of the Anti-lock Braking System is developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Different types of controllers, including the Bang-Bang controller, proportional-integral, proportional derivative, and proportional integral derivative controllers, are integrated into the model to investigate the effects of controlling strategies on the stopping distance, vehicle velocity, slip ratio, and braking torque. The simulation results show that the proportional derivative and proportional integral derivative controllers provide the shortest stopping distances and stopping times as compared with Bang-Bang and proportional-integral controllers on different types of roads. Furthermore, it also observed that the slip ratio during braking is kept similar to the desired value (20%) with the proportional derivative and proportional integral derivative controllers while it fluctuates between 10% and 30% for BangBang and proportional-integral controllers. The trend of the braking torque is also similar to the slip ratio. The model can be used to predict the braking performance of the Anti-lock Braking System under different conditions.
DESIGNING HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP MODEL FOR TRACTION CONTROL SYSTEM ON THE VEHICLE
Authors: Phan Tai Tan
Published: November 2023

When the vehicle moves on a complicated road, the active wheels on both sides receive different torque values from the engine transmission down due to the distribution law of the differential in the active axle. Traction control in automobiles is the process of controlling the transmission torque from the engine to the active wheels so that it is suitable for the grip state of the tire and the road surface to avoid the loss of engine torque. In this paper, the research team designs a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) model to control the traction of the automobile when moving in a straight line with different resistances on both sides of the active wheel, designing a traction controller with two sets of brake and engine torque controllers. Experimental results show that the traction control process achieves the expected effect of the designed Hardware-in-the-Loop model.
INDISPENSABLE DELAY ANALYSIS METHOD SELECTION: AN INTEGRATED AHP-RII APPROACH
Authors: Vo Huy Minh , Huynh Dung Thi My
Published: November 2023

A delay is an inevitable event in construction projects due to their intricacy and dynamic nature, therefore, the project parties frequently come to disputes about which party is liable for schedule delays. Delay analysis methods are gradually evolved and are used to steadily determine and apportion delay’s responsibilities. Notwithstanding, courts and arbitrary boards have not legalized any specific standard category of delay analysis technique to timely evaluate the impact of activity(es) delay on to total project duration. Also, there is no universal delay analysis method that can be used better than the others under certain circumstances. This research, thus, targets to seek the most appropriate and fundamental DAM for delay claims resolution. The study methodology adopted in the research by conducting an extensive literature review to identify current delay criteria which have much more impact on the selection of delay analysis method than existing delay analysis method is also carried out for an efficient discussion with a panel of experts. An Integrated Analytical Hierarchy Process and Relative Importance Index (AHP-RII) approach is ideally employed to analyze the highest and the most priority delay analysis method along with the critical factor weight influencing detecting the most proper type of delay analysis. Study findings are very authentic by fairly selecting the best delay analysis method based on reliable delay factors and available delay analysis methods. The researchers and practitioners may yield viable study outputs for incipiently practical preparation of a variety of data and documents which can be publicly supported as active and valid evidence for future claims.
Nursing care plan on gas exchange impairment due to SARS-CoV-2: case report
Authors: PÉREZ-LÓPEZ Mónica Carolina , GALLEGOS-GARCÍA Verónica , MEDINA-DE-LA-CRUZ Omar
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTION: Over the years, mankind has been in contact with several viruses, which have threatened human existence by becoming pandemics such as influenza in 1918. However, in January 2020, the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention identified SARS-CoV-2 as the etiological agent of the 2019 coronavirus. So far it is known that 5% of patients with severe COVID-19 will require attention in intensive care units. To this end, critical care nursing staff use the nursing care process to prioritize the care of the critically ill patient. OBJECTIVE: To develop a nursing care plan by analyzing a clinical case of an adult patient with a diagnosis of COVID-19. METHODOLOGY: The case of a patient with a diagnosis of COVID-19 was analyzed to develop a nursing care process using the taxonomies of the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association, Nursing Interventions Classification and Nursing Outcomes Classification. Documentary research was carried out through a literature search in databases such as: Scielo, Medicgraphic, Google Scholar and PubMed. RESULTS: Three real nursing diagnoses and seven risk diagnoses were identified. The priority nursing diagnostic label based on Maslow's pyramid of needs was deterioration of related gas exchange. CONCLUSIONS: The critical care nurse takes a leading role in the care of patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19, the development of the nursing care process contributes to providing quality care focused on the well-being of the user.
Effect of PANi electrodeposition methods on copper substrate
Authors: LERMA-GARCÍA Martha Estela , CISNEROS-SINENCIO Luis Fortino , PÁRAMO-GARCÍA Ulises
Published: November 2023

To assess the effect of different electrochemical techniques in the synthesis of polyaniline (PANi) on copper substrates, this paper presents a comparison between cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. For each technique, four synthesis processes were conducted with different potentials using a three-electrode electrochemical set-up with a neutral electrolyte (pH=7). According to the comparison, the oxidation potential sweep associated to cyclic voltammetry results in the synthesys of PANi in three different oxidation states. As synthesis by this technique results in a non-homogeneous layer conformed by different species of PANi, the characteristics of the film are difficult to determine as all three species have different electric, optic and morphologic attributes. On the other hand, selecting an appropriate oxidation potential, chronoamperometry results in the synthesis of a homogeneous layer of PANi. The use of one unique oxidation potential results in a stable process that synthetizes a homogeneous layer of pernigraniline, a stable oxidation state of PANi.
ВПЛИВ АМБІВАЛЕНТНОЇ ПОЛІТИЧНОСТІ НА РОЗВИТОК ПОЛІТИЧНОЇ ДОВІРИ В СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ
Authors: Назаренко Марина
Published: November 2023

У статті з’ясовано, що основною передумовою для існування демократії в Україні та успішного функціонування політичної системи суспільства є політична довіра громадян. Запропоновано визначення поняття «політична довіра». Проаналізовано рівень довіри до політичних інституцій та їх представників в Україні протягом 1994-2023 років. Визначено основні причини низького рівня політичної довіри. Обґрунтовано передумови виникнення амбівалентності політичної та її вплив на розвиток політичної довіри в сучасних умовах. Рекомендовано основні заходи щодо підвищення рівня політичної довіри громадян в умовах демократизації.
Memorias ejemplares en historias originales: Las representaciones de Baldomero Sanín Cano en torno a la Gran Guerra y a la crisis de la civilización occidental
Authors:   , Preciado Camargo Daniel Mauricio
Published: November 2023

En el año 1938 se publicaron las “Memorias de los otros”, un testimonio de la visita del periodista colombiano Baldomero Sanín Cano al frente occidental en el último año de la Primera Guerra Mundial. Convertido en corresponsal de guerra para el diario La Nación de Argentina, su objetivo era el de informar sobre el estado de la ofensiva final de los aliados sobre los alemanes llevada a cabo en el verano de 1918. La lectura de esta fuente resulta bastante reveladora a los ojos del presente gracias a dos cuestiones puntuales: por un lado, se trata de un relato sobre la guerra en Europa escrito por un intelectual no europeo, lo cual obliga a preguntarse por qué tipo de representaciones elaboró a partir de lo que vio en el frente y, en general, sobre sus concepciones en torno a la guerra, la barbarie y la crisis de la civilización occidental. Por otro lado, se indaga por qué publicó este testimonio veinte años después y en otro medio de difusión ajeno a La Nación, ya que estas “Memorias de los otros” fueron publicadas por la Revista de las Indias de Colombia. Esta tesis, por tanto, tiene como objetivo responder a estas dos cuestiones a partir de la idea de que los recuerdos y reflexiones elaborados por Baldomero Sanín Cano a partir de su visita al frente fueron traídas a finales de la década del treinta bajo la consigna de moralizar, de advertir y de educar a la sociedad sobre los peligros de un nuevo conflicto global que recién asomaba en el horizonte de la civilización occidental. Sobre este carácter ejemplarizante de las “Memorias de los otros”, se busca discutir sobre los límites de la representación memorialística y su trascendencia en la historia, tratando de advertir la existencia de un diálogo de reciprocidad entre estas dos formas de conocimiento del pasado en contraposición a ciertas corrientes historiográficas contemporáneas que plantean una oposición total entre la memoria y la historia.
Complex assessment of digital inequality in the Regions of Russia
Authors: Chereshnia Olga , Gribok Marina
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the assessment of digital inequality in the regions of Russia. The authors have developed a comprehensive index based on the concept of three levels of digital inequality. A method of conducting a level-by-level assessment with subsequent integration of the results into a single complex index is proposed. Three groups of statistical indicators were used for the assessment. The first characterizes the features of the population’s access to digital technologies, the second—the skills of using the Internet, and the third—the effectiveness of its use in real life. Based on the calculations performed, maps of digital inequality levels were constructed for the territory of Russia. The results of the study made it possible to compare the level of digital inequality across the subjects of the Russian Federation, identify the regions with the highest and lowest levels of digital inequality, and draw conclusions about the causes affecting the level of computer literacy of the population of the regions. The study revealed that there are infrastructure problems with access in remote regions, economic constraints among low-income groups, and a lack of skills among rural populations and older age groups. Some regions, such as the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, show high levels of computer skills among the population despite a low level of infrastructure development. In other regions, such as the North Caucasus, there is a poor level of infrastructure development, low levels of computer literacy, and the lowest efficiency in using technology to improve quality of life. The strategy for digitalization of the economy in such regions should consider not only investments in digital infrastructure but also programs to improve the computer skills of the population.
Geoinformation technologies in the study of innovative infrastructure of the Regions of Russia
Authors: Nosonov Arthur , Teslenok Sergey , Chernobrovkina Valeria , Dmitriyev Pavel
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the use of geoinformation systems and technologies to study the territorial organization of innovative activities in the regions of Russia. The main attention is paid to the identification and analysis of spatial patterns of localization of the main components of the innovative infrastructure—innovative territorial clusters and technology parks. Such aspects of their functioning as organizational and legal status, overall quantity, quantity of participants and number of employees are considered. Significant unevenness in the placement of these objects of technical and technological infrastructure has been revealed. The most developed innovative infrastructure is in large agglomerations of European Russia. This is due to the high level of socio-economic development, significant diversification of the economy, the presence of a large number of scientific institutions and universities, a high concentration of innovative enterprises and main markets for innovative goods and services. The use of GIS technologies is an effective method for identifying and analyzing the spatial patterns of the functioning of important objects of industrial and technological infrastructure (technoparks and innovative territorial clusters) in terms of their dynamics, organizational and legal status, the number of employees and determining the prospects for the development of these objects of innovative infrastructure. The results of the study, obtained on the basis of the analysis of spatial data on innovation activity in the regions of Russia, are necessary for organizations and decision makers to form regional and federal policies aimed at achieving the country’s leadership in certain high-tech industries. The end result of an effective innovation policy is to improve the quality of life of the country’s population. Further formation of the innovation infrastructure should be based on the development of an effective marketing strategy for the commercialization of innovations, improvement of the education system and diversification of all components of the innovative infrastructure. Geo-information technologies are the most effective means of identifying the level of diversification of innovative infrastructure due to the ability to visualize the level of concentration of various infrastructure facilities.