bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self‐Assembled Peptide‐Based Nanodrugs: Molecular Design, Synthesis, Functionalization, and Targeted Tumor Bioimaging and Biotherapy
Authors: Luan Xin , Kong Hao , He Peng , Yang Guozheng , Zhu Danzhu , Guo Lei , Wei Gang
Published: November 2022

Functional nanomaterials as nanodrugs based on the self‐assembly of inorganics, polymers, and biomolecules have showed wide applications in biomedicine and tissue engineering. Ascribing to the unique biological, chemical, and physical properties of peptide molecules, peptide is used as an excellent precursor material for the synthesis of functional nanodrugs for highly effective cancer therapy. Herein, recent progress on the design, synthesis, functional regulation, and cancer bioimaging and biotherapy of peptide‐based nanodrugs is summarized. For this aim, first molecular design and controllable synthesis of peptide nanodrugs with 0D to 3D structures are presented, and then the functional customization strategies for peptide nanodrugs are presented. Then, the applications of peptide‐based nanodrugs in bioimaging, chemotherapy, photothermal therapy (PTT), and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are demonstrated and discussed in detail. Furthermore, peptide‐based drugs in preclinical, clinical trials, and approved are briefly described. Finally, the challenges and potential solutions are pointed out on addressing the questions of this promising research topic. This comprehensive review can guide the motif design and functional regulation of peptide nanomaterials for facile synthesis of nanodrugs, and further promote their practical applications for diagnostics and therapy of diseases.
Metal Selenides Anode Materials for Sodium Ion Batteries: Synthesis, Modification, and Application
Authors: Gong Yuteng , Li Yu , Li Ying , Liu Mingquan , Bai Ying , Wu Chuan
Published: November 2022

The powerful and rapid development of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in secondary batteries field makes lithium resources in short supply, leading to rising battery costs. Under the circumstances, sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) with low cost, inexhaustible sodium reserves, and analogous work principle to LIBs, have evolved as one of the most anticipated candidates for large‐scale energy storage devices. Thereinto, the applicable electrode is a core element for the smooth development of SIBs. Among various anode materials, metal selenides (MSex) with relatively high theoretical capacity and unique structures have aroused extensive interest. Regrettably, MSex suffers from large volume expansion and unwished side reactions, which result in poor electrochemistry performance. Thus, strategies such as carbon modification, structural design, voltage control as well as electrolyte and binder optimization are adopted to alleviate these issues. In this review, the synthesis methods and main reaction mechanisms of MSex are systematically summarized. Meanwhile, the major challenges of MSex and the corresponding available strategies are proposed. Furthermore, the recent research progress on layered and nonlayered MSex for application in SIBs is presented and discussed in detail. Finally, the future development focuses of MSex in the field of rechargeable ion batteries are highlighted.
Bottom‐Up Design of a Green and Transient Zinc‐Ion Battery with Ultralong Lifespan
Authors: Mittal Neeru , Ojanguren Alazne , Kundu Dipan , Lizundia Erlantz , Niederberger Markus
Published: November 2022

Transient batteries are expected to lessen the inherent environmental impact of traditional batteries that rely on toxic and critical raw materials. This work presents the bottom‐up design of a fully transient Zn‐ion battery (ZIB) made of nontoxic and earth‐abundant elements, including a novel hydrogel electrolyte prepared by cross‐linking agarose and carboxymethyl cellulose. Facilitated by a high ionic conductivity and a high positive zinc‐ion species transference number, the optimized hydrogel electrolyte enables stable cycling of the Zn anode with a lifespan extending over 8500 h for 0.25 mA cm−2 – 0.25 mAh cm−2. On pairing with a biocompatible organic polydopamine‐based cathode, the full cell ZIB delivers a capacity of 196 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 and a capacity of 110 mAh g−1 after 10 000 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1. A transient ZIB with a biodegradable agarose casing displays an open circuit voltage of 1.123 V and provides a specific capacity of 157 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at a current density of 50 mA g−1. After completing its service life, the battery can disintegrate under composting conditions.
Anisotropically Hybridized Porous Crystalline Li‐S Battery Separators
Authors: Zhang Yuluan , Guo Can , Zhou Jie , Yao Xiaoman , Li Jie , Zhuang Huifen , Chen Yuting , Chen Yifa , Li Shun‐Li , Lan Ya‐Qian
Published: November 2022

Anisotropically hybridized porous crystalline Li‐S battery separators based on porous crystalline materials that can meet the multiple functionalities of both anodic and cathodic sides are much desired for Li‐S battery yet still challenging in directional design. Here, an anisotropically hybridized separator (CPM) based on an ionic liquid‐modified porphyrin‐based covalent‐organic framework (COF‐366‐OH‐IL) and catalytically active metal‐organic framework (Ni3(HITP)2) that can integrate the lithium‐polysulfides (LiPSs) adsorption/catalytic conversion and ion‐conduction sites together to directionally meet the requirements of electrodes is reported. Remarkably, the‐obtained separator exhibits an exceptional high Li+ transference‐number (tLi+ = 0.8), ultralow polarization‐voltage (<30 mV), high initial specific‐capacity (921.38 mAh g−1 at 1 C), and stable cycling‐performance, much superior to polypropylene and monolayer‐modified separators. Moreover, theoretical calculations confirm the anisotropic effect of CPM on the anodic side (e.g., Li+ transfer, LiPSs adsorption, and anode‐protection) and cathodic side (e.g., LiPSs adsorption/catalysis). This work might provide a new perspective for separator exploration.
Experimental study and mechanism analysis on basic mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced concrete
Authors: Wei Chengpeng , Sun Xinjian , Yu Zhenpeng , Zhang Pengtao
Published: November 2022

In order to comprehensively examine the influence of basalt fiber on the basic mechanical properties of concrete, the axial compression, axial tension and direct shear tests were carried out on basalt fiber reinforced concrete (BFRC) with different fiber contents and fiber lengths. The failure modes and stress–strain curves under different loading modes were obtained from the test data, and the basic mechanical parameters of BFRC were extracted from the curves. Based on the results, the following conclusions were drawn. With the increase of fiber content, both the compressive strength and tensile strength showed an upward trend first followed by a downward trend. In general, the shear strength of BFRC was lower than that of ordinary reinforced concrete with no fiber (RC). All BFRC specimens had an increased peak strain and significantly improved deformability compared to RC. Based on a comprehensive analysis, the specimen with a fiber content of 0.2% and a fiber length of 6 mm (BFRC‐0.2%‐6) exhibited the best mechanical properties. In addition, mathematical regression analysis was performed on the normalized stress–strain curves of BFRC, and the influencing parameters model of basalt fiber was proposed based on the fiber content and fiber length. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and computed tomography were utilized to analyze the influencing mechanism of basalt fiber content and fiber length on the mechanical properties of concrete from the microcosmic and mesoscopic perspectives.
The role of maintenance plans on serviceability and life extension of existing bridges
Authors: Scalbi Agnese , Zani Giulio , di Prisco Marco , Mannella Paolo
Published: November 2022

A selection of bridges has been investigated to suggest the key features to be assessed during their aging. The main idea is to highlight the relevance of the maintenance plans in the through‐life management of the structure. Accurate rules might provide a basis for enhancing the structure performance and evaluating whether the risk associated with its use is limited to acceptable thresholds. The paper analyses also the classification procedures in use, highlighting the main issues that could facilitate a more aware evaluation of the synthetic indicators for these structures. Furthermore, it aims at describing the main deficiencies recurrently encountered during the surveys on the selected bridges. The main goal is to provide bridge owners and managers with more streamlined methods and tools that can be used in the existing bridge ranking procedures to meet the latest national requirements for maintenance management.
Numerical study for nanopowder transportation owing to Lorentz force
Authors: Rothan Yahya Ali
Published: November 2022

Adding additive with nano‐sized and considering porous media, new container has been generated and numerical technique was employed to model the convection process of cooling the four lobed surfaces which is situated inside three lobed tanks. Uniform flux was considered for four lobed surfaces while the outer surface is cold wall. With neglecting advection term due to employ of Darcy law, simpler form of momentum equations was appeared with is coupled with source term of magnetic field. Moreover, mixture model for testing fluid was applied with incorporating the efficacy of shape of nanopowders. Dispersing nanoparticles causes augmentation inNuaround 41.33% because of augmenting conductivity. The elevation ofRamakesNuto increase around 38.98% in absence ofHawhile this augmentation reaches to 1.54% in existence ofHawhich means that domination of conduction in appearance of MHD. Augmenting shape parameter leads to rise ofNuaround 11.72% while increment ofHacauses this function to reduce around 11.73%.
Drones for Good: Mapping Out the SDGs Using Innovative Technology in Malawi
Authors: Mkuwu Ndapile , Mtambo Alexander D. C. , Manyungwa Zola
Published: November 2022

Drones are being used in various industries, focusing on youth involvement and mapping activities as a key component of the multiple initiatives. YouthMappers are creating open-source geospatial data using geospatial technology to address local developmental and humanitarian issues in Malawi and beyond. As the world works to meet the Sustainable Development Goals, this new technology, combined with significant youth involvement, is being used to its full potential because of its sophistication, which allows for more efficient operations in support of industry, innovation and infrastructure (SDG 9) and responsible consumption and production (SDG 12) in the health sector for delivery, precision agriculture and the education sector, to name a few.
Assessing YouthMappers Contributions to the Generation of Open Geospatial Data in Africa
Authors: Boateng Ebenezer N. K. , Manyungwa Zola , Anderson Jennings
Published: November 2022

As leaders of tomorrow, we, the African YouthMappers, are taking the initiative of contributing toward the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals that are a blueprint for a better and more sustainable future for all. Our contributions center on the generation of open geospatial data, which is critical when making decisions on achieving desired development across all seventeen goals. In response to the African continent’s alleged data inadequacies, YouthMappers, as vital members of the OpenStreetMap community, have made significant contributions to open geospatial data in Africa. This chapter highlights the contribution of YouthMappers to not just build maps – which especially supports reduced inequalities around data access in Africa (SDG 10) – but also to build mappers – by advancing the geospatial capacity of young people across the continent, addressing (SDG 8) decent work and economic growth.
Mapping for Women’s Evacuation Plans During Climate-Induced Disasters
Authors: Akter Airin , Tasnim Mobashsira
Published: November 2022

Increasingly disasters like floods, droughts, cyclones, and heat waves are recurring in the wake of climate change impacts. Women and children are among the most vulnerable, particularly in developing countries. At the same time, young people are among the most eager to respond with solutions to protect populations affected by disasters. In the low-lying riverine country of Bangladesh, YouthMappers are working to create fundamental maps to support the information needs of women who seek safety from climate-inducted disasters, but currently must rely on their husbands for evacuation. Initiatives like our open data mapping that entails participation of young women to alleviate such vulnerabilities toward disasters contribute to global goals for climate (SDG 13) and gender (SDG 5).
Cities of the Future Need to Be Both Smart and Just: How We Think Open Mapping Can Help
Authors: Nakacwa Stellamaris , Manieson Bert
Published: November 2022

Along with increasing urban growth rates, especially in the global south, cities are becoming more fragile because of rapid climate change, insecurity, and increasing urban landscape challenges. With the limited budget sums, coupled with outdated and limited spatial and aspatial data, city planners, governors, and governments are left short of the optimal and efficient approaches to deploy and reckon just, smart, and sustainable cities across all populaces. This demands agile tools and applications for effective decision-making to maintain and sustainably improve quality of life with an assurance that no one is left behind. We demonstrate the potential utilization of OpenStreetMap datasets by urban planners and governing councils to enhance evidence-based planning and policy initiatives. Several projects have been pioneered and executed by youth to demonstrate their crucial role in the organization and collection of crowdsourced geospatial data as a manifestation of the broader theoretical underpinnings of urban governance encapsulated in SDG 16 – Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions and SDG 11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities. We argue youth are communicating through the collection of the data. We demonstrate practical approaches to the inclusion of OSM and the participation of local YouthMappers chapters towards objectively positive, just urban governance.
Leveraging Spatial Technology for Agricultural Intensification to Address Hunger in Ghana
Authors: Odame Prince Kwame , Boateng Ebenezer Nana Kwaku
Published: November 2022

YouthMappers are using open geospatial tools in support of initiatives seeking to achieve SGD 2 Zero Hunger and SDG 1 No Poverty in Northern Ghana. Students and researchers designed survey questions and a field data collection workflow using simple but cost-effective technology to catalogue a database of farmers, properly demarcate farm sizes, and give farmers, in particular impoverished women, the opportunity to project farm yields and increase the efficiency of their output.
A Free and Open Map of the Entire World: Opportunities for YouthMappers Within the Unusual Partnership Model of OpenStreetMap
Authors: Maron Mikel , Leson Heather
Published: November 2022

OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a very unusual kind of partnership, not only in the context of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) but also frankly everywhere. YouthMappers has expanded OSM through localized engagement on a global scale. Examining this unique approach is instructive to learn not only about partnerships (SDG 17) but also about innovation in the open technology industry (SDG 9). We consider this joint journey so far and ponder on how to amplify our collective impact in the future.
Rural Household Food Insecurity and Child Malnutrition in Northern Ghana
Authors: Antwi Kwaku , Lyford Conrad , Solís Patricia
Published: November 2022

Close to 750 million or nearly one in ten people in the world are exposed to severe levels of food insecurity, and 2 billion people do not have regular access to safe, nutritious, and sufficient food. A critical but overlooked question is how to properly locate the most food insecure and malnourished households within geographical areas that have been generally identified as food insecure and malnourished – especially where such areas are poorly mapped. The YouthMappers approach served as a baseline to inform our spatial analysis of food insecurity and underpinned household surveys on malnutrition. The resulting maps paint a powerful picture of the spatial variation of factors affecting different places, knowledge which can better inform interventions that are tailored to households in need and ultimately help to meet the goals of SDG 2, Zero Hunger.
Where Is the Closest Health Clinic? YouthMappers Map Their Communities Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Birkenes Adele , Yang Siennah , Bachman Benjamin , Ingraldi Stephanie , Diallo Ibrahima Sory
Published: November 2022

YouthMappers chapters are both locally and globally situated, fostering a confluence of community input, GIS skill sets, subject-matter expertise, and creativity that drives progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Examining Hudson Valley Mappers’ and Gaston Berger University YouthMappers’ community mapping projects in parallel offers rich insights on open mapping for SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being and highlights the value of SDG 4 Quality Education. Both YouthMappers chapters collaborated with local partners to map health facilities and other community resources; the resulting maps and data filled critical information gaps during the COVID-19 pandemic. The project outcomes underscore the unique niche that the YouthMappers network occupies in the open mapping world.
Cross-Continental YouthMappers Action to Fight Schistosomiasis Transmission in Senegal
Authors: Montani Michael , Cattaneo Fabio , Tourè Amadou Lamine , Diallo Ibrahima Sory , Mari Lorenzo , Casagrandi Renato
Published: November 2022

The authors detail the design of an innovative and cooperative approach to ground truthing geospatial data through cross-continental YouthMappers coordinated action. This effort provided key geographic information to design control actions and served as a powerful, active tool to disseminate awareness about the importance of neglected tropical diseases in remote regions of the planet in support of SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being and SDG 6 Clean Water and Sanitation.
Activating Education for Sustainable Development Goals Through YouthMappers
Authors: Mohiuddin Maliha Binte , Jabot Michael
Published: November 2022

In hopes of building inclusive and sustainable societies, SDG 4, quality education, is central to helping to build a knowledge base to tackle some of the most pressing challenges faced by society. YouthMappers around the world are applying their knowledge coupled with critical reflection tools to act on and bring others along in making changes that improve the world. As such, they can be considered among a generation of “Solutionaries,” students who extend their understanding beyond typical boundaries to include a systematic application of their learning. Youth, in general, and young women, in particular, can get aligned to the opportunity to learn through practical knowledge, by way of inclusive mapping communities, which sparks their passion for learning and supports SDG 5 gender equality in education, as well.
Volcanic Geomorphology in El Hierro Global Geopark
Authors: Guillén-Martín Cayetano , Romero Carmen
Published: November 2022

Few oceanic islands express their geomorphological history in such a marked way as the island of El Hierro. Indeed, on El Hierro, its geomorphology goes hand in hand with the evolution of its insular geology. In fact, seventy percent of places of geological interest in El Hierro’s Geopark have geomorphological features as their main or secondary interest, which is indicative of the importance of geomorphology in the configuration of the island’s relief. However, there are few studies that have addressed the processes or features of the island’s geomorphology. In this study, the first geomorphological characterization is carried out in which the island is considered as a whole unit.
Rural Landscapes in an Oceanic Volcanic Island
Authors: Martín Martín Víctor Onésimo
Published: November 2022

For a quarter of a century, the territorial dynamics of El Hierro have been influenced by the tertiarization of its economy, fundamentally focused on non-intensive tourist activity (green or nature tourism, hiking, rural tourism, sports in nature), causing a gradual abandonment of agricultural activities and, therefore, of their agricultural landscapes. However, it is still possible to recognize today the traces of traditional agricultural landscapes of great interest, both for heritage and for food production. It is then necessary to carry out a typology of these agro-cultural spaces with the aim of delimiting them, knowing their production systems, conserving and organizing them and, what is more remarkable, proposing for the future those ways of managing them. That can contribute to the sustainable development of the island, further justifying the declaration of the Island as a Biosphere Reserve.
The Neuroscience of Beauty
Authors: Comfort William Edgar , Freitas Ana Luísa
Published: November 2022

Appreciating beauty is part of everyday life, when we contemplate fine arts, architecture, music, and natural scenes. Aesthetic appreciation, like any ordinary phenomenon of human life, triggers affective and cognitive processes that can provide the subject with sensations of hedonic pleasure and cognitive self-reward (Leder H, Belke B, Oeberst A, Augustin D. Br J Psychol 95(4):489–508, 2004). Although humans share several neuropsychological processes, the experience of aesthetic appreciation is undeniably idiosyncratic, and sometimes it is not that simple to find beauty where we were supposed to find it, and more often the same object can elicit different reactions amongst observers.
Success of and Barriers to Workshop Methodology: Experiences from Exploration and Pedagogical Innovation Laboratories (EX-PED-LAB)
Authors: Ødegaard Elin Eriksen , Oen Marion , Birkeland Johanna
Published: November 2022

This chapter reports on the emerging findings during the first year of a design- and inquiry-based research project called Kindergarten Teacher as a Researcher. The project attempts to implement a design for collaboration and knowledge co-creation through a workshop methodology called Exploration and Pedagogical Innovation Laboratories (EX-PED-LAB). The project was funded by the Research Council of Norway as a starting grant for the common initiative of the Agency for Kindergartens (Bergen City, Norway) and the KINDknow Research Centre [BARNkunne – Senter for barnehageforskning], located at Western Norway University of Applied Sciences (HVL). The goal of the workshop laboratory was twofold: (1) to support early childhood educational leaders and staff in enhancing the quality of kindergartens in close collaboration with researchers and (2) to research three areas of common interest: the play, exploration, and learning environment; collaboration with families; and leadership and governance. This chapter highlights a set of features for success, as well as takeaway points for the further development of the workshop methodology, tailored to future early childhood partnership research programmes. Drawing on the case of the EX-PED-LAB project, the chapter seeks to describe the features of the success of and barriers to collaborative explorative processes and knowledge-creating practices in practices-developing research. These insights will be beneficial for further investigations, consolidations, and refinements of the workshop methodology.
The Engaging Youth in Regional Australia (EYRA) Study
Authors: Boyd Candice P.
Published: November 2022

In this chapter, Boyd summarises the Engaging Youth in Regional Australia (EYRA) Study whose findings formed the basis of the touring art exhibition called ‘Finding Home’. Rooted in placed-based understandings of youth belonging and well-being, the study sought to challenge some of the long-standing assumptions about young people’s internal migration decisions in regional Australia. Specifically, the study’s findings support an enhanced understanding of regional youth engagement that takes into account the affective and material dimensions of young people’s relationships with regional places.
Barriers to attracting the best researchers: perceptions of academics in economics and physics in three European countries
Authors: Reymert Ingvild , Vabø Agnete , Borlaug Siri B. , Jungblut Jens
Published: November 2022

Recruitment is one of the main strategic tools for universities, which aim to hire the best possible candidates for their academic positions. However, not every institution can hire whom they perceive as the best. Our paper investigates what are perceived to be the most pressing hindrances to attracting the best researchers. We focus on national and disciplinary differences in researchers’ perceptions of barriers to recruiting the best scholars in their fields. We surveyed researchers in economics and physics in the Netherlands, Norway, and the UK and find that economists emphasize salary level and institutional prestige as the main barriers, while physicists underline competition from non-academic actors and career development opportunities. We further find differences by country. In Norway, limited institutional prestige is a key barrier to attracting the best researchers, while researchers in the UK highlight salary levels. Respondents at Dutch universities claim that they experience multiple, equally important barriers.
Thermoanalytical techniques for characterizing sintering processes in ferrous powder metallurgy
Authors: de Oro Calderon Raquel , Gierl-Mayer Christian , Danninger Herbert
Published: November 2022

For powder metallurgy processing, the sintering stage, i.e. the heat treatment of a the powder compact below the melting point of -at least- the major component, is decisive for establishing microstructure and properties. Thorough studying of the chemical and metallurgical processes occurring during sintering is essential for attaining optimal product properties, and sintering has therefore been the focus of investigations for many decades. Thermoanalytical techniques, at best combined with chemical analysis, enable in-situ characterization of the sintering process from many perspectives. When using these techniques in powder metallurgy, it should be considered that the very large specific surface of a powder compact, compared to a solid metallic body, results in much higher reactivity with the surrounding atmosphere. This atmosphere is on the one hand the “external” one, outside the body in the free space of the furnace, and on the other hand the “internal” one within the pore network of the specimen. This paper shows different examples of how critical information about the sintering process can be described by using thermoanalytical techniques combined with mass spectroscopy: e.g. phase transformations and liquid phase formation in the powdered compact, deoxidation and decarburization reactions, and interstitial redistribution in sintered alloy steels prepared through different alloying techniques.
Environmental policy integration in a newly established natural resource-based sector: the role of advocacy coalitions and contrasting conceptions of sustainability
Authors: Kefeli Daniel , Siegel Karen M. , Pittaluga Lucía , Dietz Thomas
Published: November 2022

Contributing a new South American case study, this paper seeks to advance the research agenda on processes of policy integration by developing a better understanding of how nascent subsystems become integrated into mature ones and the role that changing beliefs of advocacy coalitions play in fostering policy integration. The paper examines environmental policy integration in Uruguay’s forestry sector since the 1990s and is based on an inductive qualitative analysis of policy documents, sector reports, parliament hearings and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders. This demonstrates that environmental policy integration has increased continuously since the 1990s, accelerating particularly during the 2000s. We can derive three insights that specifically address this path of integration: a change in the policy beliefs of the dominant advocacy coalition, international salience of the minority coalition`s beliefs and participatory policy processes that foster interactions between opposing coalitions. Despite this, the two advocacy coalitions have crystallized with fundamentally different deep core beliefs about what a sustainable forestry sector should be. While one coalition argues that commercial tree plantations are sufficiently regulated in environmental terms, the other coalition maintains that the way that the pulp industry has developed in Uruguay is fundamentally unsustainable and therefore seeks to change the forestry sector as a whole.
Subjective perception of time and decision inconsistency in interval effect
Authors: Ventre Viviana , Martino Roberta , Maturo Fabrizio
Published: November 2022

The interval effect refers to the phenomenon in which the discount rate decreases as the interval considered increases. It represents one of the many anomalies of the decision-making process in the context of intertemporal choices. This paper suggests that the latter anomaly is due to the perceived time and emotional drives involved in the moment of choice and their interaction. The study is developed through a direct comparison between empirical preferences and those predicted by the normative model, respectively determined by proper time, i.e., empirical time and normative time, which are different from objective time. Although it was known in the literature that the perception of time has a substantial impact on preferences and the phenomenon of temporal inconsistency, our study presents a measure that quantifies the decision-making bias caused by the subjective perception of time and contributes to the normalisation of choices defined as irrational. By the term normalisation, we mean to clarify the extent to which the cognitive structures of the decision-maker respect the principles of economic rationality. From an operational point of view, the present work's originality lies in proving that the same description of subjective time is not constant in the context of the interval effect. The experimental implementation provides empirical evidence of the latter considerations. The contribution of this work refers mainly to the field of behavioural finance as it aims to describe anomalies as inevitable consequences of individual cognitive processes.
Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and multiple linear regression (MLR) modelling of Cu, Cd, and Pb adsorption onto tropical soils
Authors: Agbaogun Babatunde Kazeem , Olu-Owolabi Bamidele Iromidayo , Buddenbaum Henning , Fischer Klaus
Published: November 2022

Soils interact in many ways with metal ions thereby modifying their mobility, phase distribution, plant availability, speciation, and so on. The most prominent of such interactions is sorption. In this study, we investigated the sorption of Pb, Cd, and Cu in five natural soils of Nigerian origin. A relatively sparsely used method of modelling soil-metal ion adsorption, i.e. adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), was applied comparatively with multiple linear regression (MLR) models. The isotherms were well described by Freundlich and Langmuir equations (R2 ≥ 0.95) and the kinetics by nonlinear two-stage kinetic model, TSKM (R2 ≥ 0.81). Based on the values delivered by the Langmuir equation, the maximum adsorption capacities (Qm*) were found to be in the ranges 10,000–20,000, 12,500–50,000, and 4929–35,037 µmol kg−1 for Cd, Cu, and Pb, respectively. The study revealed significant correlations between Qm* and routinely determined soil parameters such as soil organic carbon (Corg), cation exchange capacity (CEC), amorphous Fe and Mn oxides, and percentage clay content. These soil parameters, combined with operational variables (i.e. solution/soil pH, initial metal concentration (Co), and temperature), were used as input vectors in ANFIS and MLR models to predict the adsorption capacities (Qe) of the soil-metal ion systems. A total of 255 different ANFIS and 255 different MLR architectures/models were developed and compared based on three performance metrics: MAE (mean absolute error), RMSE (root mean square errors), and R2 (coefficient of determination). The best ANFIS returned MAEtest 0.134, RMSEtest 0.164, and R2test 0.76, while the best MLR returned MAEtest 0.158, RMSEtest 0.199, and R2test 0.66, indicating the predictive advantage of ANFIS over MLR. Thus, ANFIS can fairly accurately predict the adsorption capacity and/or distribution coefficient of a soil-metal ion system a priori. Nevertheless, more investigation is required to further confirm the robustness/generalisation of the proposed ANFIS.
Career perspectives for young cardiologists in the Netherlands: a steady increase in temporary positions
Authors: Vorselaars V. M. M. , Minneboo M. , Meijers W. C. , van der Heijden A. C. , Haroun D. , Baggen V. J. M. , Berger W. R. , van Hout G. P. J.
Published: November 2022

In the Netherlands, concerns have been raised regarding the high unemployment rates and the lack of permanent positions for young medical specialists. In the current study, we present data on contemporary early career perspectives in the field of cardiology. We conducted a survey among 304 young cardiologists who completed their training between 2015 and 2020; the response rate was 91%. Our analysis revealed a low unemployment rate (0.3%). One, 3 and 5 years after registration, 81%, 41% and 18% of the respondents, respectively, had not gained a permanent position. Having conducted a fellowship significantly delayed the time to permanent position (hazard ratio (HR): 0.48; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.34–0.67). For those who had conducted a fellowship, holding a PhD degree (HR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.10–3.44), age (per year increase, HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.82–0.99) and training in an academic hospital (HR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.10–3.52) were of significant influence on the likelihood of having a permanent position at 3 years of follow-up. These results showed a disturbing increase in time to permanent position compared with an earlier analysis. This trend justifies close monitoring of the labour market in the coming years. Solutions for this multifactorial problem in the field of cardiology and across the entire medical specialty spectrum should be explored.
Pädagogisierungen der Kinderernährung zwischen Nahrungs- und Verhaltensnormierungen
Authors: Rose Lotte
Published: November 2022

Ernährung ist nicht nur ein entscheidendes physiologisches Fundament jeglicher menschlichen Entwicklung, sondern eine soziale Praxis, die normativ hochverregelt und als Technologie der (Gesundheits‑)Prävention stark aufgeladen ist. Kinder müssen angesichts dessen lernen, die richtige gesundheitsförderliche Nahrung zu akzeptieren und zu sich zu nehmen. Sie müssen aber auch den sozialen Verhaltenserwartungen und -zwängen ‚rund ums Essen‘ genügen und die herrschenden Regeln der Erwachsenengesellschaft zu Tischmanieren, Körperdisziplin, Mäßigung, Zeittakten, Konversationsregeln automatisieren. Dabei geht es aber insofern immer auch um den Erwerb universeller gesellschaftlicher Verhaltensstandards, als die Regeln des Essens weit über das Essen selbst hinaus verweisen. Dies erklärt, warum die Normalisierungsanstrengungen zur Kinderernährung in der Vergangenheit bis heute Gegenstand pädagogischer Diskurse und Praxis sind. Der Beitrag bereitet hierzu den erziehungswissenschaftlichen Forschungsstand zur Kinderernährung auf und zeichnet empirisch und theoretisch Brennpunkte der Pädagogisierungen der Kinderernährung nach. Dabei werden die Aspekte der Optimierung der Kinderkörper, der Kulturalisierung des Essensvollzugs, der nutritiven Generationenasymmetrie und schließlich der Maßnahmen der Essenserziehung fokussiert und in den kritischen Blick genommen. Zudem werden machtkritische Fragen zur Weiterentwicklung erziehungswissenschaftlicher Essensforschung aufgeworfen.
Habitat use by the endangered spotted-tailed quoll in a fragmented landscape
Authors: Henderson T. , Fancourt B. A. , Rajaratnam R. , Vernes K. , Ballard G.
Published: November 2022

The spotted-tailed quoll (Dasyurus maculatus) is an endangered mesopredator endemic to Australia. It is generally considered a forest-dependent species associated with large, intact forested habitats. In Australia’s mainland, quoll research has typically been conducted in contiguous forest, and consequently, the species’ presumed forest-dependency might reflect sampling bias rather than preferred habitat niche. Recent studies have revealed that quolls also persist in fragmented agricultural landscapes, raising questions about their true habitat requirements and preferences. In this study, we investigated quoll habitat use within a fragmented agricultural landscape in mainland Australia. We deployed 42 lured camera traps to determine quoll habitat preferences across four broad vegetation types (open grassland, grassy woodland, dry sclerophyll forest, and wet sclerophyll forest) based on quoll activity and occupancy. Quolls were detected in all vegetation types, and quoll activity indicated a preference for dry sclerophyll forest and grassy woodlands, although this preference varied depending on the time of year. Our results suggest that quoll habitat use in mainland Australia is more flexible than previously assumed, and we recommend further research on factors that may influence habitat preference such as prey availability and seasonal behavior. Understanding the factors that drive habitat use by quolls outside of contiguous forested landscapes will inform and improve conservation and management strategies to ensure critical habitat for the species is protected and retained in an increasingly fragmented landscape.
Artificial Intelligence and Sustainable Decisions
Authors: Zhao Jingchen , Gómez Fariñas Beatriz
Published: November 2022

When addressing corporate sustainability challenges, artificial intelligence (AI) is a double-edged sword. AI can make significant progress on the most complicated environmental and social problems faced by humans. On the other hand, the efficiencies and innovations generated by AI may also bring new risks, such as automated bias and conflicts with human ethics. We argue that companies and governments should make collective efforts to address sustainability challenges and risks brought by AI. Accountable and sustainable AI can be achieved through a proactive regulatory framework supported by rigorous corporate policies and reports. Given the rapidly evolving nature of this technology, we propose a harmonised and risk-based regulatory approach that accommodates diverse AI solutions to achieve the common good. Ensuring an adequate level of technological neutrality and proportionality of the regulation is the key to mitigating the wide range of potential risks inherent to the use of AI. Instead of promoting sustainability, unregulated AI would be a threat since it would not be possible to effectively monitor its effects on the economy, society and environment. Such a suitable regulatory framework would not only create a consensus concerning the risks to avoid and how to do so but also include enforcement mechanisms to ensure a trustworthy and ethical use of AI in the boardroom. Once this objective is achieved, it will be possible to refer to this technological development as a common good in itself that constitutes an essential asset to human development.
Self-Modifying Nanointerface Driving Ultrahigh Bidirectional Thermal Conductivity Boron Nitride-Based Composite Flexible Films
Authors: Huang Taoqing , Zhang Xinyu , Wang Tian , Zhang Honggang , Li Yongwei , Bao Hua , Chen Min , Wu Limin
Published: November 2022

While boron nitride (BN) is widely recognized as the most promising thermally conductive filler for rapidly developing high-power electronic devices due to its excellent thermal conductivity and dielectric properties, a great challenge is the poor vertical thermal conductivity when embedded in composites owing to the poor interfacial interaction causing severe phonon scattering. Here, we report a novel surface modification strategy called the “self-modified nanointerface” using BN nanocrystals (BNNCs) to efficiently link the interface between BN and the polymer matrix. Combining with ice-press assembly method, an only 25 wt% BN-embedded composite film can not only possess an in-plane thermal conductivity of 20.3 W m−1 K−1 but also, more importantly, achieve a through-plane thermal conductivity as high as 21.3 W m−1 K−1, which is more than twice the reported maximum due to the ideal phonon spectrum matching between BNNCs and BN fillers, the strong interaction between the self-modified fillers and polymer matrix, as well as ladder-structured BN skeleton. The excellent thermal conductivity has been verified by theoretical calculations and the heat dissipation of a CPU. This study provides an innovative design principle to tailor composite interfaces and opens up a new path to develop high-performance composites.
Pore morphology effect on elastic and fluid flow properties in Bakken formation using rock physics modeling
Authors: Ozotta Ogochukwu , Saberi Mohammad Reza , Kolawole Oladoyin , Malki Mohamed Lamine , Rasouli Vamegh , Pu Hui
Published: November 2022

Unconventional geo-resources are critical due to their important contributions to energy production. In this energy transition and sustainability era, there is an increased focus on CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) and geological CO2 storage (GCS) in unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs, and the extraction of hot fluid for energy through enhanced geothermal systems. However, these energy solutions can only be achieved through efficient stimulation to develop a complex fracture network and pore structure in the host rocks to extract heat and hydrocarbon, or for CO2 storage. Using Bakken formation well data and rock physics models, this study aimed to identify the post-depositional effect of pore structure on seismic velocity, elastic moduli, and formation fluid; and further predict the best lithofacies interval for well landing, and the implications for fluid (gas, oil, and water) recovery in naturally- and often systematically-fractured geosystems. The KT and DEM models' predictions show distinct formation intervals exhibiting needle-like pores and having higher seismic velocities (Vp and Vs) and elastic moduli (K and µ), relative to other formation intervals that exhibit moldic pores. At the same fluid concentration, the needle-like pores (small aspect ratios) have a higher impact on elastic moduli, Vp, and Vs than on the moldic spherical pores with all other parameters held constant. Vp is affected more than Vs by the properties of the saturating fluid (gas, oil, or water) with Vp being greater in Bakken formation when it is water-saturated than when it is gas-saturated. Vs exhibit the reverse behavior, with Vs greater in the gas-saturated case than in the water-saturated case. Further, analyses suggest that the middle Bakken formation will have a higher susceptibility to fracturing and faulting, and hence will achieve greater fluid (oil and water) recovery. Our findings in this study provide insights that are relevant for fluid production and geo-storage in unconventional reservoirs.

Article highlights

Integrated well log data and rock physics models.

Investigated the effect of changes in pore structure on elastic properties and fluid flow in shale.

Increase in porosity causes a reduction in elastic moduli and seismic velocities.

Vp is more affected by pore geometry than Vs depending on density and properties of saturating fluid.

Lithofacies with needle−like pores are more susceptible to fracturing than lithofacies with intragranular pores.
Examining the living metaphor in the Indian Constitution
Authors: Gangwar Shivangi , Pagedar Aishwarya
Published: November 2022

One popular understanding of the Indian Constitution is that it is a living document that evolves with time. Even though this metaphor has been used consistently by all three branches of the Indian state, its use in Indian legal texts is underexplored—as of most metaphors generally. In this article, we critically evaluate the application of the living metaphor in Indian constitutional discourse. We first provide an overview of the use of metaphors generally, and especially in the legal field. We then identify the origins and trace the use of the living metaphor by studying select Supreme Court judgments which have likened the Constitution to a living text and analyse the Court’s reasons, if any, for doing so. A comparative analysis of how the Canadian, US, and Australian courts have employed the living metaphor demonstrates how the Indian experience differs in its application of the metaphor. We find that the Supreme Court has used different variants of the living metaphor, primarily to expand the ambit of Part III of the Constitution. However, due to the inconsistent and unreliable use of this metaphor, we find that this has the potential to lead to illiberal results. We thus make a case for the formulation of a doctrine of living constitutionalism which we think will be more resilient to anti-democratic challenges.
Modeling cosmic reionization
Authors: Gnedin Nickolay Y. , Madau Piero
Published: November 2022

The transformation of cold neutral intergalactic hydrogen into a highly ionized warm plasma marks the end of the cosmic dark ages and the beginning of the age of galaxies. The details of this process reflect the nature of the early sources of radiation and heat, the statistical characteristics of the large-scale structure of the Universe, the thermodynamics and chemistry of cosmic baryons, and the histories of star formation and black hole accretion. A number of massive data sets from new ground- and space-based instruments and facilities over the next decade are poised to revolutionize our understanding of primeval galaxies, the reionization photon budget, the physics of the intergalactic medium (IGM), and the fine-grained properties of hydrogen gas in the “cosmic web”. In this review, we survey the physics and key aspects of reionization-era modeling and describe the diverse range of computational techniques and tools currently available in this field.
Wissen und Allwissenheit im Erzählen
Authors: Haferland Harald
Published: November 2022

Der Beitrag problematisiert in sechs Abschnitten die Rolle von Wissen und Allwissenheit im Erzählen: In I. werden anhand von Beispielen aus modernen und mittelalterlichen Romanen/Erzählungen Wissensarten bestimmt, die gewöhnlich in Erzählungen eingehen. In II. wird nach dem Wissensträger gefragt: Es ist der Autor, zugleich aber auch ein Erzähler, dem Allwissenheit zugeschrieben wird. Die Phänomenologie dieses Wissens, das nicht auf natürliche Weise herzuleiten ist, wird in III. beschrieben und in der Geschichte des Erzählens zurückverfolgt. In IV. wird der Begriff der Allwissenheit näher bestimmt und gegen den Begriff einer omniscientia Gottes abgegrenzt. ›Entdeckt‹ hat man Allwissenheit als Eigenschaft des Erzählens in der 3. Person erst seit Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts – dafür werden in V. ausgewählte Belege zusammengetragen. Zum Abschluss wird in VI. problematisiert, ob der Begriff der Allwissenheit sich auf moderne Formen der Darstellung von Figurenbewusstsein beziehen lässt.