bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atitudes de profissionais de um hospital geral frente ao suicídio
Authors: Azevedo Dulcian Medeiros de , Silva Policena Vieira de Lucena , Sobreira Maura Vanessa Silva , Medeiros Nivia Samara Dantas de , Pinto Tiago Rocha
Published: November 2024

ResumoObjetivo: avaliar as atitudes de profissionais de saúde frente a pacientes vítimas de lesão autoprovocada com intenção suicida. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em hospital do interior do Rio Grande do Norte. A população foi constituída pela equipe multiprofissional que atuava em pronto-socorro e clínica médica. Foi aplicado um questionário com dados de caracterização sociodemográfica e profissional e o Questionário de Atitude frente ao Comportamento Suicida (QUACS). Os dados foram coletados no período de agosto a outubro de 2019, com 104 profissionais. Após a coleta, os dados foram duplamente digitados no programa Microsoft Office Excel®, e transportados, na planilha, para os softwares Statistical Packagefor the Social Sciences®, onde foi realizada a análise estatística descritiva para verificação de frequências relativas e absolutas e medidas de tendência central e dispersão. Resultados: 78,8% dos participantes não trabalhavam anteriormente em serviços de saúde mental. Com relação aos dados obtidos no QUACS, houve maior média no fator “direito ao suicídio”, e profissionais de nível médio, técnicos de enfermagem, equipe de enfermagem e profissionais do setor de clínica médica revelaram uma atitude moralista frente ao suicídio, em relação aos de nível superior, enfermeiros, demais profissionais e profissionais do pronto-socorro. Conclusão: os dados apontam a necessidade de reorganização da rede de saúde como um todo e a qualificação dos profissionais em função dascomplexas tomadas de decisão necessárias frente ao comportamento suicida.Palavras-chave: Assistência hospitalar; Atitudes do pessoal de saúde; Saúde mental; Tentativa de suicídio.
Experiência de cárie e fatores associados em crianças de 5 anos participantes do SB São Paulo 2015
Authors: Bezerra Isis Morais , Brito Arella Cristina Muniz , Pereira Antônio Carlos , Cavalcanti Yuri Wanderley , Almeida Leopoldina
Published: November 2024

Introdução: Apesar dos esforços contínuos em educação e promoção de saúde bucal, observa-se uma persistente prevalência de cárie em crianças, principalmente em grupos vulneráveis. Objetivo: Objetivou-se verificar a associação entre as variáveis independentes: local de moradia, Índice de desenvolvimento humano (IDH), Índice de vulnerabilidade social (IVS), fluoretação da água, sexo, etnia e sangramento gengival e a experiência de cárie, medida através do ceo-d e CPO-D em crianças de 5 anos, participantes do ‘’SB São Paulo 2015”. Metodologia: Realizou-se estudo analítico transversal utilizando dados secundários coletados a partir do SB São Paulo 2015. A amostra foi composta por 29.183 crianças. Análises de regressão logística multivariada foram realizadas com base em um modelo teórico conceitual. Resultados: Na dentição decídua, residir em zona rural (OR=1,22; IC95%=1,15-1,29), em municipios com baixo IDH (OR=1,07; IC95%=1,04-1,09), ser sexo masculino (OR=1,03; IC95%=1,01-1,05), etnia não-branca (OR=1,31; IC95%=1,25-1,38) e com presença de sangramento gengival (OR=3,08; IC95%=2,63-3,61) apresentou associação com a experiência de cárie (ceo-d ≥1). Para a dentição permanente, as variáveis: IVS alto (OR=1,15; IC95%=1,08-1,22), sexo masculino (OR=0,90; IC95%=0,84-0,95), etnia não-branca (OR=1,22; IC95%=1,07-1,38) e presença de sangramento gengival (OR=1,94; IC95%=1,42-2,57) tiveram maior chance para experiência de cárie (CPO-D ≥1). Conclusão: A experiência de cárie aos 5 anos foi influenciada por características sócio demográficas, sendo maior impacto demonstrado pela presença de sangramento gengival.
Body composition does not interfere with urinary incontinence in adult women with grade III obesity.
Authors: Vieira Lizyana , De Sá Ferreira Arthur , Meziat Filho Ney Armando , Frare Juliana Cristina , Zaidan de Barros Patrícia , Santos de Almeida Renato
Published: November 2024

Objetivo. Investigar a composição corporal de mulheres adultas com obesidade grau III com e sem incontinência urinária. Métodos. Foram avaliadas mulheres com obesidade grau III do serviço ambulatorial de preparo para cirurgia bariátrica pertencente à um Hospital Universitário. Além da coleta de dados clínicos, foi realizada a mensuração da circunferência abdominal e avaliação da composição corporal por meio do exame de impedância bioelétrica tetrapolar. Para avaliar a presença de incontinência urinária nas pacientes foi utilizado o questionário International Consultation of Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form. Foi realizada uma análise de subgrupo, com comparação das médias entre os grupos Obesas Com Perda de Urina x Obesas Sem Perda de Urina (SPU); e Controle X SPU. O grupo controle foi composto por mulheres com IMC normal, sem perda urinária. Resultados. Foram avaliadas 56 mulheres com obesidade grau III. A idade média da amostra foi de 37(±8,2) anos e o IMC 43,9 (±7,5). As variáveis de composição corporal do grupo de obesas grau III mostraram diferenças significativas quando comparadas ao grupo controle. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os subgrupos SPU e PU para os desfechos avaliados pela impedância bioelétrica tetrapolar. Conclusão. Foi observada alta prevalência de incontinência mesmo sendo a amostra composta por mulheres adultas jovens. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas na comparação da composição corporal entre mulheres obesas com e sem perda de urina. A composição corporal, quando avaliada de maneira independente de outros aspectos, parece não influenciar na ocorrência de incontinência urinária nas mulheres obesas grau III.
Perfil de pacientes com doenças reumáticas atendidos em centro de terapia assistida na Região Norte do Brasil
Authors: Dos Santos Souza Joandson
Published: November 2024

Introdução: doenças reumáticas são condições crônicas que afetam o sistema musculoesquelético e podem levar a comprometimento sistêmico. Este estudo apresenta o perfil dos pacientes com doenças reumáticas atendidos no Centro de Terapia Assistida do Hospital Geral de Palmas, Tocantins, no Norte do Brasil. Objetivo: traçar o perfil epidemiológico de pacientes com doenças reumáticas atendidos no Centro de Terapia Assistida do Hospital Geral de Palmas (TO), na Região Norte do Brasil, nos últimos oito anos. Metodologia: estudo epidemiológico retrospectivo, observacional, transversal e descritivo, que utiliza dados secundários de 455 pacientes quereceberam infusões endovenosas de abril de 2015 a março de 2023. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva, com cálculo de médias, desvios-padrão e frequências relativas. Resultados: a população estudada foi composta majoritariamente por mulheres (79.8%), com média de idade de 47.4 anos, cor parda (82.9%), solteiras (47%) e do lar (28.1%). A maior parte residia na capital, Palmas (57.8%). As principais doenças foram lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (32.7%), artrite reumatoide (26.2%) e osteoporose (21.5%). Reações adversas, principalmente leves ocorreram em 4% dos pacientes. Conclusão: o Centro de Terapia Assistida atende uma população diversa, com predominância de mulheres pardas, solteiras e residentes em Palmas. As doenças reumáticas mais frequentes foram lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, artrite reumatoide e osteoporose. A baixa taxa de reações adversas reforça a segurança e a eficácia do tratamento infusional administrado no local de estudo. Esses dados são essenciais para o planejamento de estratégias de saúde e melhoria na qualidade do atendimento a pacientes reumáticos.
GTPase Rab5 and Rab7 proteins are modulated by Corynebacteriumpseudotuberculosis in murine macrophages
Authors: ROCHA FILHO JOSÉ TADEU RAYNAL , Souza Andréia de , Silva Marcos , Trindade Soraya , Vale Vera , Meyer Roberto
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroduction: Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is an intracellular facultative bacterium that affects macrophages, causing caseous lymphadenitis in goats and sheep. This disease is characterised by the formation of granulomas and results in significant economic losses for farmers of goats and sheep around the world. Phagosome maturation is essential for the death of intracellular pathogens, involving the fusion of the phagosome with early and late endocytic organelles, a process partially regulated by GTPase Rab5 and Rab7 proteins, respectively. Methodology: we evaluated the ability of an attenuated T1 strain and a wild-type C57 strain of C. pseudotuberculosis to alter Rab5 and Rab7 protein expression in peritoneal CBA mouse macrophages following in vitro infection. Results: Rab5 and Rab7 expression decreased in macrophages infected with the C57 strain compared to uninfected macrophages, while a significant reduction only in Rab7 expression was observed in cells infected with T1. Nonetheless, Rab5 and Rab7 expression was higher in macrophages infected with T1 than in cells infected with the wild-type C57 strain. Conclusions: our studies indicate a greater degree of modulation of the endosomal proteins directly involved in phagosome maturation by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis wild type.Keywords: Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis; macrophages; phagolysosome; Rab proteins.
Feministic Recreation In Mythological Retelling: Draupadi In The Palace Of Illusions
Authors: B Dr. Sreekala.
Published: November 2024

Myth and mythmaking have been an ever-interesting topic for every epoch throughout history and hence
scholars, critics and writers turn to myth; to define, discuss, revise and rewrite it. The Palace of Illusions by
Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni is a retelling with the mythological heroine Draupadi as the protagonist. The
feministic overtones in her character come to the forefront in the retelling. The difference in treatment based on
gender which is evident from Divakaruni’s narrative substantiated the opinion of the feminist theorists on gender disparity. In the retelling Draupadi is a subaltern who refuses to succumb herself to patriarchal hegemony
Etude De Principaux Paramètres Techniques Pour L’installation Fiable D’une Centrale Hydro-Electrique Sur La Rivière Lubangule En République Démocratique Du Congo
Authors: Dibwe Henri Bulambo , Buveka Et Crispin Ngoma
Published: November 2024

La présente étude porte sur la modélisation de principaux paramètres d’une centrale hydroélectrique
susceptible d’être implantée sur la rivière Lubangule dans la Province du Haut-Lomami, en vue de résoudre les
problèmes énergétiques qui s’opposent à son développement.
Une partie du matériel utilisé comprend notamment, pour la partie expérimentale, un chronomètre Kenwood
Hanhant Stratos 2, un mètre ruban Kenyos 7,5 m x 25 mm de même qu’un flotteur artisanal monté par nousmêmes ; pour la partie en rapport avec les simulations, nous avons recouru au logiciel Matlab et, enfin, les lois
de similitude ont permis de dégager les paramètres majeurs de l’étude. Les principaux résultats obtenus à
l’issue de la modélisation indiquent que la centrale de Lubangula aurait une puissance de 24 MW, un débit de
154 m³/s, une hauteur de chute de 20 m, une vitesse de rotation des turbines de 345 tr/min, un couple moteur de
75 Nm ainsi qu’un diamètre de la roue de 1,09m pour la turbine du type Francis. En plus, l’analyse des courbes de simulation et de la stabilité des différents systèmes a permis de valider la stabilité du modèle ainsi étudié
Two - Dimensional Magnetotelluric Data Modeling To Investigate Geothermal Anomaly In The Eastern Side Of Olkaria Domes, Kenya
Authors: Nabwire Melina , Maithya Justus , Munyithya James
Published: November 2024

Olkaria is the most explored volcano along the Kenyan Rift Valley and it is in the advanced stages of development.
Despite Olkaria's success as an energy provider, there is continued research into methods to improve the
development of the fields. The area, east of the domes only has a single well OW-922 unfortunately, it did not
sustain discharge during testing. A combination of 1D Magnetotelluric (MT) and Transient Electromagnetics
(TEM) methods were utilized to understand the area resistivity structures. However, there were limitations in
mapping the deep-seated structures. A geoscientific study has to be done to gain a deeper understanding of the
resistivity structures of the subsurface. Geothermal investigation was carried out using the MT method to identify
potential areas and subsurface structural information in the eastern side of Olkaria domes, Kenya.
Dimensionality analysis using phase tensor was conducted to determine the presence and dimensions of the
underlying structures using 50 MT soundings. MT data analysis was done to derive a dataset suitable for defining
the resistivity model of the Earth from the observed MT data. Dimensionality analyses demonstrated that the MT
data can be interpreted using two-dimensional approaches, but some localized 3D effects are observed. The
inversion of data into resistivity models was performed using Occam 2D. The resultant 2D resistivity models were
interpreted to identify the components of the eastern side of the Olkaria domes geothermal system. The two profiles obtained revealed a similar structure which can be construed as a potential pathway of low resistivity used by geothermal fluid to migrate and manifest on the earth’s surface.
Experimental Study Of Lightweight Concrete Incorporating Coconut Shells And Glass Pieces
Authors: Rana Abhishek , Gupta Dr. Rahul Das
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the potential of lightweight concrete formulated with recycled coconut shells (CS) and
glass Pieces (GP) as partial substitutes for conventional aggregates. With a focus on sustainability, the study
explores the impact of varying proportions of CS and GF on the mechanical properties, durability, and workability
of concrete. The study meticulously examines the mechanical and performance characteristics of concrete
mixtures where varying proportions of coconut shells and crushed glass serve as substitutes for conventional
coarse aggregates. Notably, the composite aggregate mix achieved a maximum impact value of 34.05%, reflecting
a remarkable 55.55% enhancement from the baseline value of 21.89%. Furthermore, the abrasion resistance of
the mix improved significantly to 42.68%, representing a 42.07% increase over the original value of 30.04%. The
crushing value also demonstrated a substantial rise to 41.14%, indicating a 45.57% increase compared to the
traditional aggregate value of 28.26%. Compressive strength evaluations at 7 days showed an improvement from
20.72 N/mm² to 22.18 N/mm² with an 18% substitution, although subsequent increases in replacement levels led
to a reduction in strength. By 28 days, compressive strength further increased from 30.81 N/mm² to 32.07 N/mm²
with a 24% replacement, although further substitutions yielded diminished strength outcomes. The findings substantiate the viability of employing recycled materials, such as coconut shells and glass fragments, to enhance the sustainability and performance of concrete
Advancements In Quantum Well Lasers: Design, Efficiency, And Applications In Next-Generation Photonics
Authors: Kumari Dr. Supriya
Published: November 2024

Quantum well lasers (QWLs) have emerged as a transformative advancement in semiconductor laser
technology, leveraging quantum confinement effects to deliver superior performance in terms of efficiency,
modulation speed, and wavelength tunability. By confining charge carriers in a thin quantum well, these lasers
achieve reduced threshold currents and enhanced optical gain, making them indispensable in modern photonic
applications.
This paper explores the recent advancements in QWL design and fabrication, focusing on innovations such as
strain-balanced structures, precise bandgap engineering, and advanced epitaxial growth methods like
molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Key efficiency
improvements, including optimized waveguide designs and advanced thermal management techniques, are
discussed in detail.
Furthermore, the study highlights the diverse applications of QWLs, including high-speed fiberoptic
communications, precision medical diagnostics like optical coherence tomography, and emerging quantum
technologies such as secure communication and quantum computing. Experimental results and mathematical modeling emphasize the significance of parameters like quantum well thickness and doping profiles in achieving optimal performance.
Effects Of Strategic Management Practice On The Performance Of Public Universities In Ghana: A Case Of Selected Technical University, In Ghana
Authors: Nicholas Andoh , Yeboah Sanderson Kyeraa , Baidoo Monique Armstrong- , Ankomah Isaac Ohene
Published: November 2024

The main purpose of this study was to examine the effects of strategic management practice on the performance
of Technical Universities in Ghana. The study used descriptive survey design and quantitative approach. The
researcher used simple random sampling technique to select a sample size of 210 respondents for the study. The
study used questionnaire to gather primary data to address the research questions. The frequency and
percentages, Linear multiple Regression were used to analyse the data collected. The study found that strategic
management practices have statistically significant positive effect on performance of Accra Technical
University. This study contributed to knowledge by establishing that the strategic management practices of
strategy formulation and evaluation significantly influence organisation performance Accra Technical
University. The study also found that the University should systematically conducts both internal and external environmental analyses to identify the competitors’ strength and weaknesses
Two DevBCA‐like ABC transporters are involved in the multidrug resistance of the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120
Authors: Shvarev Dmitry , Nishi Carolina N. , Maldener Iris
Published: May 2019

The filamentous heterocyst‐forming cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 is an important model organism for studying cell differentiation, nitrogen fixation, and photosynthesis. This cyanobacterium possesses a high number of membrane transporters. Not much is known about the roles of the membrane transporters, especially the ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters, in the multidrug resistance of this cyanobacterium. In the present work, we performed a mutational analysis of the genes alr4280/alr4281/alr4282 and alr3647/alr3648/alr3649 that code for the components of putative ABC exporters and are homologous to the DevBCA heterocyst‐specific glycolipid exporter. We show that these genes are essential for resistance to different drugs and are not essential for heterocyst development.
Confidence and Attitudes Toward Osteoarthritis Care Among the Current and Emerging Health Workforce: A Multinational Interprofessional Study
Authors: Briggs Andrew M. , Hinman Rana S. , Darlow Ben , Bennell Kim L. , Leech Michelle , Pizzari Tania , Greig Alison M. , MacKay Crystal , Bendrups Andrea , Larmer Peter J. , Francis‐Cracknell Alison , Houlding Elizabeth , Desmond Lucy A. , Jordan Joanne E. , Minaee Novia , Slater Helen
Published: May 2019

Objective

To measure confidence and attitudes of the current and emerging interprofessional workforce concerning osteoarthritis (OA) care.

Methods

Study design is a multinational (Australia, New Zealand, Canada) cross‐sectional survey of clinicians (general practitioners [GPs], GP registrars, primary care nurses, and physiotherapists) and final‐year medical and physiotherapy students. GPs and GP registrars were only sampled in Australia/New Zealand and Australia, respectively. The study outcomes are as follows: confidence in OA knowledge and skills (customized instrument), biomedical attitudes to care (Pain Attitudes Beliefs Scale [PABS]), attitudes toward high‐ and low‐value care (customized items), attitudes toward exercise/physical activity (free‐text responses).

Results

A total of 1886 clinicians and 1161 students responded. Although a number of interprofessional differences were identified, confidence in OA knowledge and skills was consistently greatest among physiotherapists and lowest among nurses (eg, the mean difference [95% confidence interval (CI)] for physiotherapist‐nurse analyses were 9.3 [7.7‐10.9] for knowledge [scale: 11‐55] and 14.6 [12.3‐17.0] for skills [scale: 16‐80]). Similarly, biomedical attitudes were stronger in nurses compared with physiotherapists (6.9 [5.3‐8.4]; scale 10‐60) and in medical students compared with physiotherapy students (2.0 [1.3‐2.7]). Some clinicians and students agreed that people with OA will ultimately require total joint replacement (7%‐19% and 19%‐22%, respectively), that arthroscopy is an appropriate intervention for knee OA (18%‐36% and 35%‐44%), and that magnetic resonance imaging is informative for diagnosis and clinical management of hip/knee OA (8%‐61% and 21%‐52%). Most agreed (90%‐98% and 92%‐97%) that exercise is indicated and strongly supported by qualitative data.

Conclusion

Workforce capacity building that de‐emphasizes biomedical management and promotes high‐value first‐line care options is needed. Knowledge and skills among physiotherapists support leadership roles in OA care for this discipline.
Low‐Cost Counter‐Electrode Materials for Dye‐Sensitized and Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Guo‐Ran , Gao Xue‐Ping
Published: May 2019

It is undoubtable that the use of solar energy will continue to increase. Solar cells that convert solar energy directly to electricity are one of the most convenient and important photoelectric conversion devices. Though silicon‐based solar cells and thin‐film solar cells have been commercialized, developing low‐cost and highly efficient solar cells to meet future needs is still a long‐term challenge. Some emerging solar‐cell types, such as dye‐sensitized and perovskite, are approaching acceptable performance levels, but their costs remain too high. To obtain a higher performance–price ratio, it is necessary to find new low‐cost counter materials to replace conventional precious metal electrodes (Pt, Au, and Ag) in these emerging solar cells. In recent years, the number of counter‐electrode materials available, and their scope for further improvement, has expanded for dye‐sensitized and perovskite solar cells. Generally regular patterns in the intrinsic features and structural design of counter materials for emerging solar cells, in particular from an electrochemical perspective and their effects on cost and efficiency, are explored. It is hoped that this recapitulative analysis will help to make clear what has been achieved and what still remains for the development of cost‐effective counter‐electrode materials in emerging solar cells.
Modulation of Molecular Spatial Distribution and Chemisorption with Perforated Nanosheets for Ethanol Electro‐oxidation
Authors: Wang Wenbin , Zhu Yin‐Bo , Wen Qunlei , Wang Yutang , Xia Jun , Li Caicai , Chen Ming‐Wei , Liu Youwen , Li Huiqiao , Wu Heng‐An , Zhai Tianyou
Published: May 2019

Integrating thermodynamically favorable ethanol reforming reactions with hybrid water electrolysis will allow room‐temperature production of high‐value organic products and decoupled hydrogen evolution. However, electrochemical reforming of ethanol has not received adequate attention due to its low catalytic efficiency and poor selectivity, which are caused by the multiple groups and chemical bonds of ethanol. In addition to the thermodynamic properties affected by the electronic structure of the catalyst, the dynamics of molecule/ion dynamics in electrolytes also play a significant role in the efficiency of a catalyst. The relatively large size and viscosity of the ethanol molecule necessitates large channels for molecule/ion transport through catalysts. Perforated CoNi hydroxide nanosheets are proposed as a model catalyst to synergistically regulate the dynamics of molecules and electronic structures. Molecular dynamics simulations directly reveal that these nanosheets can act as a “dam” to enrich ethanol molecules and facilitate permeation through the nanopores. Additionally, the charge transfer behavior of heteroatoms modifies the local charge density to promote molecular chemisorption. As expected, the perforated nanosheets exhibit a small potential (1.39 V) and high Faradaic efficiency for the conversion of ethanol into acetic acid. Moreover, the concept in this work provides new perspectives for exploring other molecular catalysts.
Harnessing CURATE.AI as a Digital Therapeutics Platform by Identifying N‐of‐1 Learning Trajectory Profiles
Authors: Kee Theodore , Weiyan Chee , Blasiak Agata , Wang Peter , Chong Jordan K. , Chen Jonna , Yeo B. T. Thomas , Ho Dean , Asplund Christopher L.
Published: May 2019

Conventional therapeutic interventions, which range from drug treatment to learning and training regimens, are often given at a fixed dose/intensity. This often leads to sub‐optimal responses, or even none at all. Similarly, fixed intensity training can lead to plateaus in learning trajectories and training outcomes. This barrier will impact the field of digital therapeutics, where drug‐based therapies may be complemented or replaced by learning and training platforms. A potential solution is to optimize training by identifying N‐of‐1 (single subject) training profiles that can then enhance learning trajectories through individualized training regimens. In this study, CURATE.AI, a mechanism‐independent and indication‐agnostic artificial intelligence (AI) platform, is used to identify N‐of‐1 learning trajectory profiles for healthy volunteers trained on the Multi‐Attribute Task Battery (MATB), a flight deck simulator developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and United States Air Force. By leveraging modulated MATB training intensity in a prospective study, CURATE.AI successfully develops N‐of‐1 learning trajectory profiles that may actionably mediate training optimization on the single‐subject level, by dynamically identifying training inputs that drive the best possible scoring outcome. Therefore, CURATE.AI‐guided training may serve as a powerful optimization platform for digital therapy, student learning, cognitive decline prevention, and other indications.
Strengthening the Child‐ and Youth‐Serving Workforce: Surveying the Landscape, Overcoming Challenges
Authors: Tebes Jacob Kraemer
Published: May 2019

Highlights

The child‐ and youth‐serving workforce is an amorphous and complex area of practice and research.

Workforce investments to promote child and adolescent skill development have lifetime benefits.

Benefits are particularly important in low‐resource contexts as a way to reduce inequality.

This special issue surveys the workforce landscape and identifies key challenges for the field.

I offer organizing frameworks for the workforce and note challenges and areas for future research.
Hyperpolarising Pyruvate through Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE)
Authors: Iali Wissam , Roy Soumya S. , Tickner Ben J. , Ahwal Fadi , Kennerley Aneurin J. , Duckett Simon B.
Published: May 2019

Hyperpolarisation methods that premagnetise agents such as pyruvate are currently receiving significant attention because they produce sensitivity gains that allow disease tracking and interrogation of cellular metabolism by magnetic resonance. Here, we communicate how signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) can provide strong 13C pyruvate signal enhancements in seconds through the formation of the novel polarisation transfer catalyst [Ir(H)2(η2‐pyruvate)(DMSO)(IMes)]. By harnessing SABRE, strong signals for [1‐13C]‐ and [2‐13C]pyruvate in addition to a long‐lived singlet state in the [1,2‐13C2] form are readily created; the latter can be observed five minutes after the initial hyperpolarisation step. We also demonstrate how this development may help with future studies of chemical reactivity.
Hollow Multi‐Shelled Structural TiO2−x with Multiple Spatial Confinement for Long‐Life Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Salhabi Esmail Husein M. , Zhao Jilu , Wang Jiangyan , Yang Mei , Wang Bao , Wang Dan
Published: May 2019

TiO2−x with well‐controlled hollow multi‐shelled structures (HoMSs) were designed and synthesized, via a sequential templating approach (STA), to act as sulfur carrier materials. They were explored as physico‐chemical encapsulation materials. Particularly, the sulfur cathode based on triple‐shelled TiO2−x HoMSs delivered a specific capacity of 903 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention of 79 % at 0.5 C and a Coulombic efficiency of 97.5 % over 1000 cycles. The outstanding electrochemical performance is attributed to better spatial confinement and integrated conductivity of the intact triple‐shell that combine the features of physico‐chemical adsorption, short charge transfer path along with mechanical strength.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Direct C4‐ and C7‐Selective Alkynylation of Indoles Using Sulfur‐Directing Groups
Authors: Kona Chandrababu Naidu , Nishii Yuji , Miura Masahiro
Published: May 2019

Indoles and their analogues have been one of the most ubiquitous heterocycles during the past century, and extensive studies have been conducted to establish practical synthetic methods for their derivatives. In particular, selective functionalization of the poorly reactive benzenoid core over the pyrrole ring has been a great challenge. Reported herein is an iridium‐catalyzed direct alkynylation of the indole C4‐ and C7‐positions with the assistance of sulfur directing groups. This transformation shows a wide range of functional‐group tolerance with exceptional site selectivity. The directing group can be either easily removed or transformed after catalysis. The synthetic utility of the alkyne fragment is demonstrated by the derivatization into the core structure of natural indole alkaloids.
Green synthesis and chemical characterization of silver nanoparticles obtained using Allium saralicum aqueous extract and survey of in vitro antioxidant, cytotoxic, antibacterial and antifungal properties
Authors: Zangeneh Mohammad Mahdi , Bovandi Shabnam , Gharehyakheh Sepideh , Zangeneh Akram , Irani Parisa
Published: May 2019

Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch has been used in Iranian traditional medicine as a remedial supplement for microbial diseases. This paper reports the green synthesis, chemical characterization and antioxidant, cytotoxic, antibacterial and antifungal properties of silver nanoparticles obtained using aqueous extract of A. saralicum leaves. In this synthesis, no surfactants or stabilizers were used. For characterization, UV–visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy were used. 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl was used in experiments to assess the antioxidant potential of the silver nanoparticles, which revealed an impressive prevention in comparison with butylated hydroxytoluene. The synthesized silver nanoparticles at low doses (1–250 μg dl−1) did not show marked cytotoxic activity (against cervical cancer cells (Hela), breast cancer cells (MCF‐7) and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK‐293)). Agar diffusion tests were applied to determine the antibacterial and antifungal characteristics. Compared with all standard antimicrobials, the silver nanoparticles showed higher antibacterial and antifungal activities (p ≤ 0.01). Also, the silver nanoparticles inhibited the growth of all bacteria and fungi at concentrations of 31–250 μg ml−1, and destroyed them at concentrations of 31–500 μg ml−1 (p ≤ 0.01). Because the silver nanoparticles obtained using aqueous extract of A. saralicum leaves have antioxidant, non‐cytotoxic, antifungal and antibacterial potentials, they can be used as a medical supplement or drug.
Silica‐supported Cu(II)–quinoline complex: Efficient and recyclable nanocatalyst for one‐pot synthesis of benzimidazolquinoline derivatives and 2H‐indazoles
Authors: Sharghi Hashem , Aberi Mahdi , Shiri Pezhman
Published: May 2019

The synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of a Cu(II) complex derived from 2‐oxoquinoline‐3‐carbaldehyde Schiff base supported on amino‐functionalized silica are reported. 3‐(1H‐Benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl)quinolines containing piperidine, morpholine and phenylpiperazine skeletons at the C‐2 position were formed in good to excellent yields via the one‐pot reaction of 2‐chloroquinoline‐3‐carbaldehyde, benzene‐1,2‐diamines and secondary amines in the presence of the nanocatalyst under mild conditions. Moreover, the nanocatalyst was found to be recyclable for up to seven runs without significant loss of activity. Also, a series of 2H‐indazoles were synthesized by the catalytic condensation of 2‐bromobenzaldehyde, sodium azide and primary amines.
Role of Scutellarin in Ameliorating Lung Injury in a Rat Model of Bilateral Hind Limb Ischemia–Reperfusion
Authors: Ibrahim Marwa A. A. , Elwan Walaa M. , Elgendy Hanan A.
Published: May 2019

The lung is one of the most sensitive organs that are vulnerable to injuries induced by lower limb ischemia–reperfusion. Scutellarin is a flavonoid glycoside extracted from the Chinese herb Erigeron breviscapus. This study aimed to investigate the role of scutellarin in ameliorating lung injury in a rat model of bilateral hind limb ischemia–reperfusion. Twenty‐four adult male albino rats were equally divided into four groups; control, scutellarin, bilateral hind limb ischemia–reperfusion, and bilateral hind limb ischemia–reperfusion followed by scutellarin (at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day for 14 days). Lung specimens were processed for different biochemical and histological techniques. The bilateral hind limb ischemia–reperfusion group showed a significant increase in lung malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase levels as well as a significant decrease in lung glutathione and superoxide dismutase. Histological examination revealed collapsed alveoli, polymorphic mononuclear cell infiltration, thickened dilated congested blood vessels, and excessive collagen fiber deposition in thickened interalveolar septa. A significant increase in iNOS and Bax immunohistochemical expression was associated with a significant decrease in Bcl2 and COX2 expression. Scutellarin administration following bilateral hind limb ischemia–reperfusion significantly ameliorated all studied parameters. It can be concluded that scutellarin could be beneficial in improving bilateral hind limb ischemia–reperfusion‐induced lung damage most probably through its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. Anat Rec, 302:2070–2081, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Robust H∞ control of uncertain singular systems based on equivalent‐input‐disturbance approach
Authors: Gao Fang , Chen Wenbin , Wu Min , She Jinhua
Published: May 2019

In this paper, a robust H∞ control problem is considered for an uncertain singular system. An active disturbance rejection method called equivalent input disturbance (EID) is used to reduce the influence of exogenous disturbances and uncertainties on the system. At the first, there exists an EID, which can produces the same effect on the system as disturbances and uncertainties do in the control channel according to the EID concept. Then, an EID estimator is constructed to estimate the influence of EID on the system. Finally, based on Lyapunov stability theory, a static output feedback‐based robust H∞ controller combined with EID estimate is designed, guaranteeing that closed‐loop system is admissible (regular, impulse‐free, and stable) with a prescribed H∞ performance level. Compared with traditional H∞ control method, H∞ control based on EID method improve the control performance of the system. A numerical example demonstrates the validity of the method.
Diametrically opposed associations between academic achievement and social anxiety among university students with and without autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Zukerman Gil , Yahav Gili , Ben‐Itzchak Ester
Published: May 2019

Research findings indicate that anxiety, social anxiety in particular, is the most common experience reported by individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) attending postsecondary education. Among students without ASD, higher levels of social anxiety have been postulated to correlate with impaired academic achievement; restriction of one's social network because of anxiety is thought to lead to reduction of access to resources important for learning such as social/emotional support and collaborative learning. However, despite growing interest in the outcomes of young students with ASD, no research has studied the associations between academic achievement and anxiety among students with ASD. This study examined the association between social anxiety and grade point average (GPA) among university students: 55 diagnosed with ASD, 31 without ASD but high levels of social anxiety, and 25 without ASD and with low levels of social anxiety (controls). GPAs were significantly lower for the ASD group than for the two non‐ASD groups. Among students without ASD, a negative correlation between social anxiety and grades was observed whereas the reverse pattern was found for the ASD group, meaning that for students with ASD, higher levels of social anxiety were associated with higher grades. Additionally, in a regression analysis, ASD diagnosis, social anxiety, and the interaction of group × social anxiety significantly predicted GPA. Possible explanations for this finding, as well as implications for interventions among this population of high‐functioning students with ASD, are discussed. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1376–1385. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

This study compared the relationship between levels of social anxiety and grades in students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and in students without ASD who had either high social anxiety or low social anxiety (controls). Among the group with ASD, higher levels of social anxiety were associated with higher grades, whereas the reverse pattern was found among the other groups. This finding's implications for interventions among students with ASD are discussed.
Reversible Two‐Enzyme Coimmobilization on pH‐Responsive Imprinted Monolith for Glucose Detection
Authors: Luo Jingyi , Ma Liang , Svec Frantisek , Tan Tianwei , Lv Yongqin
Published: May 2019

A new enzymatic glucose biosensor based on reversible co‐immobilization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and glucose oxidase (GOx) on a pH‐responsive imprinted monolith is prepared. The poly(4‐vinylphenylboronic acid)‐grafted imprinted polymer using HRP as a template is formed via surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization within the pores of brominated poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate) macroporous monolith contained in a 100 μm I.D. capillary column. The two enzymes conjugate is formed via the strong affinity interaction between biotin‐labeled GOx and streptavidin‐labeled HRP. The modulation of the external pH value enables reusability of the biosensor simply using stripping of the inactive enzymes at a low pH value and subsequent immobilization of fresh enzymes at a high pH value. Under the optimized conditions, the enzymatic biosensor features excellent performance in detection of glucose with a linear range of its concentration from 0.11 to 38.85 mmol/L and a limit of detection of 0.03 mmol/L. A relative standard deviation of 3.7% is calculated from determination of twenty glucose samples. This novel enzymatic sensing system is successfully applied for determination of glucose in human serum, and confirms an enhancement both in selectivity and specificity compared to the more traditionally clinical methods.
Inline noninvasive Raman monitoring and feedback control of glucose concentration during ethanol fermentation
Authors: Hirsch Edit , Pataki Hajnalka , Domján Júlia , Farkas Attila , Vass Panna , Fehér Csaba , Barta Zsolt , Nagy Zsombor K. , Marosi György J. , Csontos István
Published: May 2019

Raman spectroscopy as a process analytical technology tool was implemented for the monitoring and control of ethanol fermentation carried out with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The need for the optimization of bioprocesses such as ethanol production, to increase product yield, enhanced the development of control strategies. The control system developed by the authors utilized noninvasive Raman measurements to avoid possible sterilization problems. Real‐time data analysis was applied using partial least squares regression (PLS) method. With the aid of spectral pretreatment and multivariate data analysis, the monitoring of glucose and ethanol concentration was successful during yeast fermentation with the prediction error of 4.42 g/L for glucose and 2.40 g/L for ethanol. By Raman spectroscopy‐based feedback control, the glucose concentration was maintained at 100 g/L by the automatic feeding of concentrated glucose solution. The control of glucose concentration during fed‐batch fermentation resulted in increased ethanol production. Ethanol yield of 86% was achieved compared to the batch fermentation when 75% yield was obtained. The results show that the use of Raman spectroscopy for the monitoring and control of yeast fermentation is a promising way to enhance process understanding and achieve consistently high production yield.
The propensity of invasive circulating tumor cells (iCTCs) in metastatic progression and therapeutic responsiveness
Authors: Dong Huan , Tulley Shaun , Zhao Qiang , Cho Leong , Chen Donghai , Pearl Michael L. , Chen Wen‐Tien
Published: May 2019

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are important clinical indicators of metastatic progression and treatment efficacy. However, because of their low number and heterogeneity, reliable patient‐derived CTC models are not readily available. We report here the isolation and characterization of the invasive population of CTCs, iCTCs, from blood of 10 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and one pancreatic cancer patient based on the avidity of tumor cells toward an artificial collagen‐based adhesion matrix (CAM), in comparison with tumor progenitor (TP) cells isolated from tumor cell lines, tumors and ascites from EOC patients. CAM‐avid cells identified to be iCTCs were indistinguishable with TP cells using either functional CAM uptake or surface markers (seprase and CD44). In addition, iCTCs were characterized using peritoneal and spontaneous metastasis models in vivo to evaluate their metastatic propensity and therapeutic response. TP cells and iCTCs had a doubling time of about 34‐42 hours. TP cells were rare (<3.5%) in most patient‐derived specimens, however, iCTCs emigrated into blood, at a high frequency, 64.2% (n = 49). Approximately 500 patient‐derived iCTCs recapitulated formation of iCTCs in mouse blood and formed micrometastases in the liver and/or lung, a degree of metastatic spread equivalent to the inoculation of 5 × 105 bulk tumor cells isolated from ascites and tumors. iCTCs were shown to be novel therapeutic targets for blocking metastasis using the reduced formation of iCTCs and micrometastases by RNAi, peptides, and monoclonal antibodies against seprase.
Impact of percutaneous closure device type on vascular and bleeding complications after TAVR: A post hoc analysis from the BRAVO‐3 randomized trial
Authors: Power David , Schäfer Ulrich , Guedeney Paul , Claessen Bimmer E. , Sartori Samantha , Sorrentino Sabato , Lefèvre Thierry , Kupatt Christian , Tchetche Didier , Dumonteil Nicolas , Webb John G. , Colombo Antonio , Windecker Stephen , ten Berg Jurriën M. , Hildick‐Smith David , Boekstegers Peter , Linke Axel , Tron Christophe , Van Belle Eric , Asgar Anita W. , Jeger Raban , Sardella Gennaro , Hink Ulrich , Husser Oliver , Grube Eberhard , Lechthaler Ilknur , Wijngaard Peter , Anthopoulos Prodromos , Deliargyris Efthymios N. , Bernstein Debra , Hengstenberg Christian , Mehran Roxana , Dangas George D.
Published: May 2019

Background/Objective

Prostar XL (PS) and ProGlide (PG) are common vascular closure devices (VCD) used in TAVR via transfemoral vascular approach. The impact of these VCD on vascular and bleeding complications remains unclear.

Methods

The BRAVO‐3 trial randomized 802 patients undergoing transfemoral TAVR. We stratified patients according to type of VCD used and examined the 30‐day incidence of major or minor vascular complications, major bleeding (BARC ≥3b), AKI and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE; death, myocardial infarction or stroke).

Results

A total of 746 (93%) patients were treated with either PS (n = 352, 47%) or PG (n = 394, 53%) VCD, without significant differences in successful deployment rate (PS 322 [91.2%] vs. PG 373 [94.2%] respectively, p = .20). PG was associated with a significantly lower incidence of major or minor vascular complications, compared to PS (adjusted OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.37–0.80; p < .01). Rates of acute kidney injury were also lower with the PG device. There was no significant difference between bleeding, MACCE, and death.

Conclusions

Compared to PS, the PG VCD was associated with a lower rate of major or minor vascular complications and lower rates of AKI after transfemoral TAVR.
On the behaviour of permutation‐based variable importance measures in random forest clustering
Authors: Nembrini Stefano
Published: May 2019

Unsupervised random forest (RF) is a popular clustering method that can be implemented by artificially creating a two‐class problem. Variable importance measures (VIMs) can be used to determine which variables are relevant for defining the RF dissimilarity, but they have not received as much attention as the supervised case. Here, I show that sampling schemes used in generating the artificial data—including the original one—can influence the behaviour of the permutation importance in a way that can affect conclusions on variable relevance and also propose a solution. Generating the artificial data using a Bayesian bootstrap keeps the desirable properties of the permutation VIM.
Needle track seeding in renal mass biopsies
Authors: Renshaw Andrew A. , Powell Alex , Caso Jorge , Gould Edwin W.
Published: May 2019

A review and analysis of the literature demonstrates that needle track seeding in renal mass biopsy has been reported 16 times. This complication occurs almost exclusively among patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma. The incidence is associated with multiple punctures of the mass, the use of core needles of ≥20 gauge, and lack of a coaxial sheath. Needle tract seeding may be associated with tumor upstaging and a worse prognosis. Fine‐needle aspiration has a significantly lower rate of needle track seeding compared with large core needle biopsy (>20‐gauge needle). A more formalized risk‐based system for interpreting renal mass fine‐needle aspiration may be useful as clinicians choose among an increasing number of therapeutic options.