bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intrusion Detection Using Hidden Markov Model and XGBoost Algorithm
Authors: Gawali Sanjana , Agale Prerana , Ghorpade Sandhya , Gawade Rutuja , Nimat Prabodh
Published: November 2020

Security has been widely concerned and recognized as a critical issue in wireless communication networks recently, because the openness of the wireless medium allows unintended receivers i. e. intruders to potentially eavesdrop on the transmitted messages. Unauthorized access by an intruder can be monitored by Intrusion detection system. Machine learning algorithms such as Hidden Markov Model and Extreme gradient boost algorithm can be used for intrusion detection based on CICIDS dataset. Based on dataset, algorithms create classifiers of signatures of particular attack. These trained classifiers are tested against user data for intrusion detection. System reports attack in network. Here, XGBoost classifier gives higher accuracy compared to HMM classifier.
PEMANFAATAN PEWARNA ALAMI KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH SERTA APLIKASINYA PADA MAKANAN
Authors: Lubis Minda Sari , Rafita Yuniarti  , Ariandi
Published: November 2020

Kulit buah naga merah merupakan limbah hasil pertanian yang mengandung zat warna alami antosianin cukup tinggi. Antosianin merupakan zat warna yang berperan memberikan warna merah yang berpotensi menjadi pewarna alami untuk pangan dan dapat dijadikan alternatif pengganti pewarna sintetis yang lebih aman bagi kesehatan. Metode pelaksanaan yang dilakukan adalah kunjungan ke lokasi mitra, demontrasi pelatihan pembuatan pewarna alami, demontrasi pelatihan pembuatan hasil olahan makanan menggunakan pewarna alami, dan sosialisasi serta pemberian strategi pemasaran produk di jalan Perbatasan Dusun V Desa Bandar  Setia,  Kecamatan  Percut  Sei  Tuan,  Kabupaten  Deli  Serdang,  Provinsi  Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. Hasil yang diperoleh dari pengabdian ini yaitu  serbuk alami dan hasil olahannya dari kulit buah naga merah. Adapun kesimpulan kegiatan ini setelah dilaksanakan mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang bahaya pewarna sintetik, disamping itu masyarakat juga mengenal dan mengetahui tentang bahan pewarna alami yang baik untuk kesehatan,  serta  dapat  menambah  pendapatan  sampingan  masyarakat  dengan  membuat produk makanan mengunakan pewarna alami kulit buah naga merah.
PENCEGAHAN DAN PEMBERANTASAN TINDAK PIDANA PENCUCIAN UANG
Authors: Herlina Hanum Harahap
Published: November 2020

Pencegahan adalah proses, cara, tindakan mencegah atau tindakan menahan agar suatu tidak terjadi. Dapat dikatakan suatu upaya yang dilakukan sebelum terjadinya pelanggaran Pemberantasan adalah proses atau cara memberantas tindak pidana pencucian uang agar tidak terjadi tindak pidana yang akan mengakibatkan Negara rugi.Pencucian uang adalah suatu proses atau perbuatan yang bertujuan untuk menyembunyikan atau menyamarkan asal usul uang harta kekayaan yang diperoleh dari hasil tindak pidana yang kemudian diubah menjadi harta kekayaan yang seolah-olah berasal dari kegiatan yang sah. Dengan demikian tidak mengherankan apabila bentuk kejahatan yang semula bersifat sederhana berubah menjadi kejahatan yang bersifat lebih maju sesuai dengan tingkat kemajuan teknologi dan ilmu pengetahuan. Sehingga kejahatan yang demikian sulit dirumuskan norma hukum penanggulangannya, dan hukum pidana sendiri agak sulit menjangkaunya contohnya kejahatan yang demikian itu adalah korupsi yang menggunakan alat–alat canggih seperti telepon dan komputer serta kejahatan tersebut terjadi di dalam suatu lembaga perbankan. Umumnya para pelakunya adalah pengurus bank itu sendiri ataupun dengan bekerja sama dengan pihak lain yang bukan oknum bank itu sehingga orang lain ataupun orang awam tidak mengetahuinya atau sulit memahaminya.
Viviendas sobre cavernas subterráneas artificiales: una construcción social del riesgo. Caso Atizapán de Zaragoza, Estado de México
Authors: Sánchez Gómez Fabiola , Reséndiz Vázquez Aleyda
Published: November 2020

La problemática de viviendas ubicadas sobre cavernas subterráneas artificiales aunada a la necesidad de vivienda en México representa un riesgo (físico, social, económico-urbano y político-jurídico), en conjunto con la vulnerabilidad de la vivienda y el crecimiento poblacional y urbano. La amenaza de subsidencia minera provoca inseguridad en la población cuando la misma se asienta en lugares en donde existen túneles mineros subterráneos. Es decir, es producto de las acciones de una población sobre la naturaleza; por tanto, un problema que se desarrolla en un proceso histórico. Las viviendas ubicadas sobre cavernas subterráneas artificiales presentan un riesgo eminente e inminente, por lo que resulta esencial la comprensión y explicación del fenómeno con base en procesos históricos e identificando los problemas urbano arquitectónicos: antes, durante y después del desastre; a partir de la interacción de dos actores principales: las inmobiliarias-municipio y la participación social.
Prevalencia de infecciones de vías urinarias en el embarazo y factores asociados en mujeres atendidas en un centro de salud de San Luis Potosí, México
Authors: Zúñiga-Martínez Ma. de Lourdes , López-Herrera Karina , Vértiz-Hernández Ángel Antonio , Loyola-Leyva Alejandra , Terán-Figueroa Yolanda
Published: November 2020

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar la prevalencia de infecciones de vías urinarias (IVU) y su relación con factores de riesgo en mujeres embarazadas. Se observó una prevalencia de la infección en el 80% del total de expedientes revisados, esta se presentó principalmente durante el primer trimestre del embarazo (55.1%). Los cuadros clínicos con síntomas típicos fueron reportados en 40.2% de los casos mientras que los de sintomatología atípica sólo se encontraron en 4.3%; no se encontraron diferencias significativas del padecimiento entre los diferentes grupos de edad (0.55F). El análisis estadístico tampoco fue significativo en la correlación de IVU y complicaciones del embarazo. Se concluye que la prevalencia de la infección urinaria en gestantes atendidas en la institución clínica de estudio es alta, pero esta no representó un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo y resolución del embarazo.
Expresión de CD43, piruvato cinasa II y hexocinasa II en carcinoma epidermoide cervicouterino
Authors: Alcántara-Quintana Luz Eugenia , Gallegos-García Verónica , Terán-Figueroa Yolanda
Published: November 2020

El cáncer cervicouterino (CaCu) es la segunda causa de muerte en México. La infección por el virus del papiloma humano es una condición necesaria durante el proceso de carcinogénesis. Una de las características del CaCu es que presenta un metabolismo alterado, las células tienden a captar más eficientemente la glucosa y aumentar la glucólisis. La glucosilación aberrante es un sello distintivo de algunos tipos de cáncer, que refleja cambios, como la expresión alterada de glucosiltransferasas y glucosidasas. Por tanto, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir el patrón de expresión de las proteínas CD43, piruvato cinasa II, y hexocinasa II en tejido cervical sano, tejido con cáncer cervicouterino y en lineas celulares de CaCu. Hasta el momento se encontró una mayor expresión de las proteínas al compararse con los tejidos sanos. Sin embargo, aun faltarían estudios para demostrar si pueden utilizarse como factor pronóstico para las pacientes conCaCu epidermoide.
La ciberlengua empleada en WhatsApp. Un estudio de actitudes y creencias lingüísticas
Authors: Prieto-Terrones Paloma del Carmen , Sanz-Martin Blanca Elena
Published: November 2020

El objetivo del artículo es caracterizar WhatsApp a partir de las creencias y actitudes lingüísticas de los participantes en tres grupos conversacionales. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, exploratorio y no experimental que se realizó con la aplicación de entrevistas a los administradores de cada grupo. A partir de los resultados, se reflexiona sobre la aceptación de esta manifestación de la escritura en la virtualidad, por ejemplo, en WhatsApp, puesto que es un testimonio más de las capacidades y estrategias comunicativas del ser humano.
Inseminación transcervical más Meglumine y su efecto en ovejas durante la época no reproductiva
Authors: Zavala-Cruz Daniel , Martínez-Tinajero Jaime Jorge , Juárez-Lagunes Francisco , Velasco-Zebadúa María Eugenia , Rodríguez-Chessani Miguel Arcángel
Published: November 2020

Se evaluó el efecto de Meglumine sobre la concentración plasmática de cortisol en sangre y el comportamiento reproductivo en ovejas. Se distribuyeron 30 ovejas en tres tratamientos; monta natural, inseminación transcervical e inseminación transcervical + Meglumine. Las variables de estudio fueron inicio del estro, porcentaje de presentación de estros, porcentaje de concepción y concentración de cortisol plasmático en sangre. El inicio del estro fue 70 ± 23.5; 49.2 ± 8.1 y 48.8 ± 6.7 para T1, T2 y T3 (P>0.05). El porcentaje de presentación de estros fue 70, 100 y 100% para T1, T2 y T3 (P >0.05). El porcentaje de gestación fue 40, 40 y 50% para T1, T2 y T3 (P>0.05) y la concentración de cortisol fue 93.55 ± 1.52, 84.7 ± 1.36 y 83.52 ± 1.04 nmol/l para T1, T2 y T3 (P>0.05).
Celso Arnoldo Lara Figueroa. In memoriam
Authors: Capistrán-Gracia Raúl Wenseslao
Published: November 2020

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探索石油化工管道焊接工艺与质量控制
Authors: 万 文平
Published: November 2020

石油化工行业要进行介质的传输，其中有毒有害物质会严重损害管道运输安全。石油化工的管道焊接质量控制，必须从焊接材料、焊接方法、制备以及质量检测等方面加大实施力度。当前针对石油化工管道焊接工艺提升质量问题已经进行了精细化管理的探索，创新采用高效合理的质量控制策略，实现了石油化工生产安全和稳定。
Orality at Work in the Body-Archive. A Case Study with Tanztheater Wuppertal Pina Bausch's Italian Dancers
Authors: Chernetich Gaia Clotilde
Published: November 2020

This article relates an oral history research project conducted with the Italian members and ex members of the Tanztheater Wuppertal Pina Bausch. The creation and the use of oral sources is questioned as being the software working in the body-archive considered as the hardware of dance memory and its transmission. Pina Bausch's post-memory is regarded as the active dialogue and interaction between macro and micro memories emerging from the Tanztheater Wuppertal Pina Bausch dancers' bodies.
Three diachronic sources for the development of -erei-based synthetic compounds in German
Authors: Werner Martina
Published: November 2020

This article investigates the historical development of synthetic compounds with the suffix -erei, such as German Buchleserei ‘book reading’. Synthetic compounding has been attested in older language stages of German, as in Old High German kirihwihî ‘church consecration’ or Middle High German bluotspîunge ‘blood spitting’. In the history of the German language, synthetic compounds are the last step in the development of a nominalizing suffix. Suffixes attach first to simplex bases (such as German Leserei ‘reading’), and only afterwards can they form synthetic compounds with a compound base (such as Bücherleserei ‘reading of books’). The development of verbal synthetic compounding results from three different sources: a) a suffixal pattern based on compound nominals (such as exocentric Freigeist ‘free spirit’ becomes Freigeisterei ‘free spiritedness’), where the pattern develops the ability to nominalize VPs (such as Nichtstuerei ‘doing nothing’); b) root compounds which develop the ability to take a deverbal head suffixed by -erei (such as Venus–Nascherey ‘Venusian nibbling’); and c) low-frequency - erei-compounds which originate from inherited idiomatic compound verbs (such as Ehebrecherei ‘adultery’, lit. ‘marriage-breakery’ > ehebrechen (V) ‘to commit adultery’, lit. ‘to marriage-break’). The paper delineates the three developments for different word formation types which lead to the morphological distribution of present-day German.
The morphological expression of approximation: the emergingsimil- construction in Italian
Authors: Masini Francesca , Silvia Micheli M.
Published: November 2020

This paper contributes to the study of evaluative morphology by investigating an emerging morphological construction in Italian within the framework of Construction Morphology. The schema in question, which contains the string simil- (related to the adjective simile ‘similar’) plus a nominal or adjectival base, is analyzed as a newly-created construction that conveys a number of closely-related senses (i.e., fakeness, imitation, resemblance, vagueness, and kin-categorization) revolving around the functional domain of approximation, which has received much less attention than other domains within evaluative morphology. Beside discussing the formal, semantic and usage properties of simil- expressions on the basis of corpus data, we propose a constructional network that accounts for their behavior. Finally, we discuss the nature of simil- as an affixoid and explore its relationship with other competing (morphological and, more marginally, analytic) strategies in Italian.
Kariyer (Mesleki) Güvenin Örgütsel Bağlılığa Etkisinin Enerji Sektörü Çalışanları Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: KAYNAK İnan
Published: November 2020

Kariyer günümüz koşullarında örgütler için önemli bir kavramdır. Önceleri iş görenlerin örgütlerinde ayrılma ve kariyerlerini başka örgütlerde sürdürme düşüncesi pek yokken günümüz dinamik iş koşullarında bu durum tersine dönmüştür. İş görenler farklı saiklerle kariyerlerini farklı işletmelerde sürdürmeye karar verebilmektedirler. Bu kapsamda örgütsel bağlılık önemli bir kavram olarak işletmelerin önüne çıkmıştır. Araştırmamızda örgütlerin amaçlarına ulaşması için önem arz eden iş görenlerde ki kariyer güveninin örgütsel bağlılığına olan etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada kariyer ve kariyer güveni kavramı açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Aynı zamanda örgütsel bağlılık konusu duygusal, devam ve normatif bağlılık alt başlıklarıyla birlikte incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre kariyer güveni ile duygusal ve devam bağlılığı arasında ilişki tespit edilmişken normatif bağlılıkla ilgili ilişki tespit edilememiştir. Kariyer güveninin Örgütsel bağlılığa etkisine yönelik analizde ise kariyer güveninin duygusal ve devam bağlılığını etkilediğini fakat normatif bağlılığı etkilemediği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Pengaruh Penyetelan Mesin Menggunakan BB Gasohol E15 Terhadap Emisi
Authors: Sukardi Sukardi, M.Pd Sukardi , Pribadi Agung M , Sampurno Abdi
Published: November 2020

Emissions produced by vehicles have a negative impact on human health and the environment, so steps need to be taken to reduce them. The use of a mixture of gasoline and alcohol (Gasohol) E15 fuels has a positive impact on reducing emissions. The number of conventional vehicles / cars that are still operating in Indonesia is generally prepared to use Gasoline only. If you want to use alcohol as a mixed fuel, you need a deeper study. The research objectives were to: 1) Test the effect of setting the ignition angle on CO and HC emissions, and 2) Test the effect of adjusting screw settings on CO and HC emissions. This research is using experimental method. The results showed that: 1) Standard adjustment has the lowest emission effect, and 2) there is an effect of Adjusting Screw settings on emissions.
Desain dan Analisis Tegangan Alat Pengangkat Roket Kapasitas 10 Ton Menggunakan Metode Elemen Hingga
Authors: Wibawa Lasinta Ari Nendra
Published: November 2020

This study examines the design and stress analysis of a 10 ton capacity rocket lifting device using the finite element method. The material used is Aluminum alloy 7075. Finite element analysis is done numerically by using Autodesk Inventor Professional 2017. software The simulation results show that the structure of the rocket lift has Von Mises stress, deformation, mass, and safety factors of 46.34 MPa, 0.7947 mm, 186.75 kg, and 3.13.
OPTIMALISASI COMPOSIT ABSORBER PADA MUFFLER UNTUK MENURUNKAN KADAR EMISI GAS BUANG MOTOR BENSIN
Authors: Listiyono Listiyono Yono , Irawan Bambang , Hardjito Agus
Published: November 2020

The problem of air pollution caused by burning of fossil fuels and the process of combustion is increase. Many efforts. has done to reduce the air pollution problem. Starting from the combustion process to give equipment as reduce gass emissions and raise the quality of burning, but the ari pollution is still high, especially the burning gasoline of motor fuel Air pollution a motor vehicle exhaust gases come from the rest of the results of the combustion of fuel that do not be unraveled or burning with perfect. Bad gass emissions caused by incomplete combustion of fuel in the fuel chamber. Element contained in the exhaust gasses are CO, NO2, HC, C, H2, CO2, H2O dan N2, The CO and CO2 gasses is the most radical among the others. The CO gass is poisonous, if a men inhale this gas can caused death. While the CO2 gass is a radical gass who can cause the greenhouse effect. The aims of this research are : 1 to understand the effect of carbon composite material, lime and glue towards reductions in emission of motor vehicle . 2. to find out the optimal composition of composite material to reducing the emission level of motor vehicle.The study and research in order to reduce gas emissions until now have done  using installation catalyst on muffler. In this research, the mixed of absorption exhaust gas is observed. Especially the poisonous gas. The mixture material is made from carbon, lime and glue. And then installed on muffler filter. A mixture is made by comparation varied. Using minitab software for analyse and the conclusions are: 1. The addition of absorben composition between carbon (C) with lime (CaO) on exhaust can reduce the level of gass emission. 2. The most optimal composition absorben C and CaO in absorption and produce the lowest C and CO2 gass is C and CaO with comparison ratio is 30 %: 70 %
Pengalaman Ibu Saat Pertama Kali Terdiagnosa HIV
Authors: Hidayati Rizqi Wahyu , Rukmi Dwi Kartika
Published: November 2020

Increasing number of HIV cases were worried. The new case was found increasing 39% in sixteen years. Indonesia had 150.296 cases. ARV program and screening were used to hold the cases. On the other hand, this program had difficulties to improve because of the stigma. Most of them did not want to share their diagnosis. Because of that, self-disclosure of HIV person was an interesting thing to catch up. This aim of the research was to know the meaning of self-disclosure for mother who had seropositive HIV in Victory Plus Yogyakarta Foundation. The method was qualitative study with phenomenology design using IPA analysis. It was used in depth interview. Purposive sampling was used with inclusion criteria were mothers who were 26 to 45 years old and they had children. The result had 2 themes, there were (1) HIV was death shadow; (2) trying disappear from the world. Firstly, the person with HIV felt loneliness and darkness in their live. They also got isolation from society. Because of that, knowing what they felt and empathy for other were the only way to help them from their darkness live.

Keywords: woman; HIV; seropositive

ABSTRAK

Peningkatan jumlah penderita HIV di dunia merupakan hal yang mengkhawatirkan. Penemuan kasus baru dalam rentang 16 tahun naik hingga 39%. Skrining awal dan penggunaan ARV merupakan upaya untuk melakukan pencegahan terhadap penyakit ini . Namun, program ini sulit untuk diupayakan karena adanya stigma. Bahkan, mayoritas penderita tidak mau membuka diri bahwa dirinya HIV positif. Oleh karena itu, keterbukaan diri merupakan hal yang menarik untuk dikaji terutama saat mereka pertama kali terdiagnosis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat makna keterbukaan diri ibu dengan seropositive HIV di Yayasan Victory Plus Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualittaif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi intepretatif. Analisa data menggunakan IPA. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan wawancara semiterstruktur. Teknik sampling menggunakan purposive sampling dengan kriteria inklusi wanita seropositive HIV berusia 26 sampai 45 tahun dan sudah memiliki anak. Jumlah partisipan yaitu 5 partisipan di Yayasan Victory Plus Yogyakarta. Hasil penelitian ini mendapatkan 2 tema untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian. Tema-tema tersebut yaitu (1) Menganggap HIV bayangan kematian; (2) Mencoba menghilang dari peredaran dunia. Oleh karena itu, seseorang yang terdiagnosa HIV untuk pertama kali merasa bahwa ia tidak memiliki arti dalam hidupnya lagi. Selain itu, mereka juga menarik diri dari lingkungan sosial. Salah satu upaya untuk membantu mereka adalah memahami arti keterbukaan dan empati pada penderita.

Kata kunci: wanita; HIV; seropositif
LANGUAGE LABORATORY MANAGEMENT: AN OBSERVATORY REVIEW
Authors: Makhtuna Wulida
Published: November 2020

Language laboratory  facilitates the lecturers and the students in  the process of learning a foreign language. However most of the language laboratories in Banjarmasin were not managed well. It can be seen that most of the laboratories were not managed well. This condition made the students  not motivated to visit them.  This study investigated the aspects of management and maintenance of the language laboratory in UIN Antasari Banjarmasin. It analyzed the organization of the English language laboratory, how it was managed by the laboratorians, and how it was maintaned. The method of the study was descriptive qualitative. The result of the study revealed that the management of the language laboratory was managed well but it needed some improvement in some facilities.
SOCIAL CLASS CONFLICT REFLECTED IN “FAR FROM THE MADDING CROWD” NOVEL BY THOMAS HARDY
Authors: Siahaan Manuela Indriati , Arianto Tomi
Published: November 2020

This research aimed to analyze social class conflict reflected in novel of Far from the Madding Crowd by Tomas Hardy. This descriptive qualitative research focuses on the social class conflict in England which is reflected in this novel. This study uses a sociological approach and analyzes the distribution of social classes in this novel and the social class conflicts that occur in this novel. The method used in writing this thesis is a qualitative descriptive method, namely the author describes, memorizes, and analyzes existing data. Quotations from books in libraries and the internet related to this research. The theory used is the theory of sociology with experts Max Weber and Karl Max.. The theory proposed by Karl Marx is an explicit theory, based on Marx's description of the laws of historical development, capitalism and socialism. Theory of sociology is used to analyze the social class divisions that exist in this novel while Maxisme class theory analyzes the conflicts. The results are have featured three male characters who became the main characters are Mr. Boldwood, Mr. Troy and Mr. Oak coming from three different classes of lower classes, middle classes, and upper classes. The social that happen among of three male character are: First, Bribery are shown conflict between Mr. Boldwood and Mr. Troy are representation to Upper Class and Middle Class. Second, Arrogance are shown conflict between Mr. Boldwood and Mr. Troy are representation to Middle Class and Upper Class. Third, are shown conflict between Mr. Troy and Mr. Oak  are representation to Middle Class and Lower Class.
Similarity-Driven Edge Bundling: Data-Oriented Clutter Reduction in Graphs Layouts
Authors: Sikansi Fabio , da Silva Renato R. O. , Cantareira Gabriel D. , Etemad Elham , Paulovich Fernando V.
Published: November 2020

Graph visualization has been successfully applied in a wide range of problems and applications. Although different approaches are available to create visual representations, most of them suffer from clutter when faced with many nodes and/or edges. Among the techniques that address this problem, edge bundling has attained relative success in improving node-link layouts by bending and aggregating edges. Despite their success, most approaches perform the bundling based only on visual space information. There is no explicit connection between the produced bundled visual representation and the underlying data (edges or vertices attributes). In this paper, we present a novel edge bundling technique, called Similarity-Driven Edge Bundling (SDEB), to address this issue. Our method creates a similarity hierarchy based on a multilevel partition of the data, grouping edges considering the similarity between nodes to guide the bundling. The novel features introduced by SDEB are explored in different application scenarios, from dynamic graph visualization to multilevel exploration. Our results attest that SDEB produces layouts that consistently follow the similarity relationships found in the graph data, resulting in semantically richer presentations that are less cluttered than the state-of-the-art.
Design Methodology for a Novel Bending Pneumatic Soft Actuator for Kinematically Mirroring the Shape of Objects
Authors: Antonelli Michele Gabrio , Beomonte Zobel Pierluigi , D’Ambrogio Walter , Durante Francesco
Published: November 2020

In the landscape of Industry 4.0, advanced robotics awaits a growing use of bioinspired adaptive and flexible robots. Collaborative robotics meets this demand. Due to human–robot coexistence and interaction, the safety, the first requirement to be satisfied, also depends on the end effectors. End effectors made of soft actuators satisfy this requirement. A novel pneumatic bending soft actuator with high compliance, low cost, high versatility and easy production is here proposed. Conceived to be used as a finger of a collaborative robot, it is made of a hyper-elastic inner tube wrapped in a gauze. The bending is controlled by cuts in the gauze: the length and the angular extension of them, the pressure value and the dimensions of the inner tube determine the bending amplitude and avoid axial elongation. A design methodology, oriented to kinematically mirror the shape of the object to be grasped, was defined. Firstly, it consists of the development of a non-linear parametric numerical model of a bioinspired finger; then, the construction of a prototype for the experimental validation of the numerical model was performed. Hence, a campaign of simulations led to the definition of a qualitatively predictive formula, the basis for the design methodology. The effectiveness of the latter was evaluated for a real case: an actuator for the grasping of a light bulb was designed and experimentally tested.
Design and Analysis of an Automatic Shell Cracking Machine of Metohuayo (“Caryodendron orinocense Karst”) with a Capacity of 50 kg/h
Authors: Rincón Ruiz Carlos Gianpaul , Tejada Cardeña Marco Antonio , Jiménez de Cisneros Fonfría Juan José
Published: November 2020

This article presents the design and analysis of an automatic shell broken machine of seeds of Metohuayo (“Caryodendron orinocense Karst”) with a production capacity of 50 kg/h, considering manufacturing and maintenance of local facilities. Metohuayo is the fruit of a tree that grows in various jungle areas of Perú, and the Metohuayo oil is very requested because of its nutritional properties. Starting with these specifications, the design was developed according to the systematic approach established by the VDI-2221 standard, with seven basic steps to analyze the optimum design. Once the definitive project was reached and the commercial components were selected, finite element simulations were performed to analyze the strength of the shell broken system and to evaluate the strength and the dynamic response of the structural support of the machine components. Additionally, complementary experimental studies were performed, such as the analysis of the required force to break the shell or the measurement of their dimensions.
Machine Learning Model for Nutrient Release from Biopolymers Coated Controlled-Release Fertilizer
Authors: Irfan Sayed Ameenuddin , Azeem Babar , Irshad Kashif , Algarni Salem , KuShaari KuZilati , Islam Saiful , Abdelmohimen Mostafa A. H.
Published: November 2020

Recent developments in the controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) have led to the new modern agriculture industry, also known as precision farming. Biopolymers as encapsulating agents for the production of controlled-release fertilizers have helped to overcome many challenging problems such as nutrients’ leaching, soil degradation, soil debris, and hefty production cost. Mechanistic modeling of biopolymers coated CRF makes it challenging due to the complicated phenomenon of biodegradation. In this study, a machine learning model is developed utilizing Gaussian process regression to predict the nutrient release time from biopolymer coated CRF with the input parameters consisting of diffusion coefficient, coefficient of-variance of coating thickness, coating mass thickness, coefficient of variance of size distribution and surface hardness from biopolymer coated controlled-release fertilizer. The developed model has shown greater prediction capabilities measured with R2 equalling 1 and a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) equalling 0.003. The developed model can be utilized to study the nutrient release profile of different biopolymers’-coated controlled-release fertilizers.
Exogenous Potassium Treatments Elevate Salt Tolerance and Performances of Glycine max L. by Boosting Antioxidant Defense System under Actual Saline Field Conditions
Authors: S. Taha Ragab , Seleiman Mahmoud F. , Alotaibi Majed , Alhammad Bushra Ahmed , Rady Mostafa M. , H. A. Mahdi Ayman
Published: November 2020

Salinity is one of the major issues that limits field crop productivity in an arid and semiarid environment. Therefore, two field trials were carried out over two seasons of 2018 and 2019 to investigate the enhancement of different methods of potassium application (i.e., recommended soil amendment (control; K2O), seed soaking (SS) and foliar spray (FS) in the form of potassium sulfate (K2SO4, 6 mM)) on antioxidant protection, physio-biochemical, yield and quality traits of soybean (cv. Giza 22) grown in normal (electrical conductivity; EC = 2.68 dS m−1) and saline soil (EC = 7.46 dS m−1). Physio-biochemical attributes (total chlorophyll, carotenoids, K+ and K+/Na+ ratios, performance index and catalase (CAT) activity), growth traits (i.e., shoot length, number and area of leaves plant−1 and shoot dry weight), yield and its components and seed quality (number of pods plant−1, 100-seed weight, seed yield ha−1 and seed protein and oil contents) were significantly decreased when soybean plants were grown in saline soil compared with those grown in normal soil. In contrast, activity of enzymatic antioxidants (i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)), contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants and osmoprotectants (i.e., total soluble sugars, free proline, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol), Na+, Cl−, H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) were increased in soybean plants grown in saline soil compared with normal soil. However, under salt-stressed conditions, potassium applied through SS or FS significantly enhanced all soybean growth, photosynthetic efficiency, K+ content, ratio of K+/Na+ and activity of CAT, SOD, APX and GPX as well as improved yield and quality traits, while potassium application did not affect the contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants and osmoprotectants. For instance, foliar potassium application (FS) increased seed yield ha−1 by 92.31% and protein content by 63.19% compared with the control under the salt stress condition. In addition, both applications of potassium significantly reduced Na+, Cl−, H2O2 and MDA contents in soybean plants compared with those obtained from control treatments. Exogenous application of K2SO4 was more effective than SS at improving soybean physio-biochemical attributes, yield and seed quality traits under soil-salinity stress.
Micronutrient Foliar Fertilization for the Biofortification of Raw and Minimally Processed Early Potatoes
Authors: Ierna Anita , Pellegrino Alessandra , Mauro Rosario Paolo , Leonardi Cherubino
Published: November 2020

Agronomic fortification with microelement as well as macronutrients has been used in recent years with increasing frequency to improve the nutritional quality of plant products for human consumption. Here the influence of pre-harvest foliar micronutrients fertilization (Micro+) including B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo and Zn compared to control (Micro−) on mineral profiles of raw and minimally processed potatoes of cv. Bellini was investigated. The mineral profile was analyzed on raw tubers at harvest and on minimally processed potatoes after 0 and 12 days of storage at 4 ± 1 °C. Preliminary results showed that micronutrients fertilization improved mineral composition of raw potatoes, through an increase in tuber concentrations of Fe (+70%) and Zn (+27%), but also of N (+23%), and Mn (+18%). The increased concentrations of minerals in micro-fertilized raw potatoes led to a better concentration in micro-fertilized minimally processed potatoes, even if some minerals were lost in processing, presumably due to skin removal. The reduction was particularly evident in both Micro– and Micro+ samples for Fe (−29%) and Ca (−17%). However foliar micronutrient fertilization markedly improved the Fe and Zn contribution that a 200 g serving of potatoes can give to current recommended nutrient intakes (RNIs) both in raw and minimally processed potatoes. Storage for 12 days did not alter the mineral profile of the tubers. Observations of the mineral profiles of the studied samples suggest that the application of foliar microelement-containing solutions was able to fortify both raw and minimally processed potatoes.
Kinetics of C Mineralization of Biochars in Three Excessive Compost-Fertilized Soils: Effects of Feedstocks and Soil Properties
Authors: Tsai Chen-Chi , Chang Yu-Fang
Published: November 2020

The aim of this work was to compare the carbon (C) mineralization kinetics of three biochars (Formosan ash (Fraxinus formosana Hayata), ash biochar; Makino bamboo (Phyllostachys makino Hayata), bamboo biochar; and lead tree (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de. Wit), lead tree biochar) applied with two addition rates (2 and 5 wt %) in three excessive compost-fertilized (5 wt %) soils (one Oxisols and two Inceptisols), and to ascertain the increasing or decreasing effect of biochar and soil type in the presence of excessive compost. The study results of 400 days incubation indicated that, in general, the potential of the three biochars for C sequestration is similar in the three studied soils. The presence of excessive compost stimulated the co-mineralization of the more labile components of biochar over the short term (first two months). The potential of biochar addition for neutralizing soil pH and regulating the release of Al from soil for preserving soil organic carbon (SOC) might be the important mechanisms in biochar-compost interactions, especially in the presence of excessive compost. Overall, 5% application rate of three high temperature-pyrolysis biochars showed the less detriments to studied soils. In these incubations of biochar, excessive compost, and soil, it is a decreasing effect overall, that is, the enhanced storage of both biochar-C and SOC, which is expected as a long-term carbon sequestration in soil. The recorded direction and magnitude of effect, both are strongly influenced by biochar and soil type. When co-applied with excessive compost, the negative (reducing CO2 release) effect with increasing biochar application rates was eliminated.
Phytochemical Characterization of Dillenia indica L. Bark by Paper Spray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant Potential Against t-BHP-Induced Oxidative Stress in RAW 264.7 Cells
Authors: Alam Md Badrul , Ahmed Arif , Islam Syful , Choi Hee-Jeong , Motin Md Abdul , Kim Sunghwan , Lee Sang-Han
Published: November 2020

The antioxidant effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of Dillenia indica bark (DIBEt) and the underlying mechanisms were investigated in tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-stimulated oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 cells. Paper spray ionization-mass spectroscopy with positive-ion mode tentatively revealed 27 secondary metabolites in D. indica bark extract; predominant among them were alkaloids, phenolic acids, and flavonoids. A new triterpenoid (nutriacholic acid) was confirmed in DIBEt for the first time. DIBEt had strong free radical-scavenging capabilities and was also able to reduce t-BHP-induced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in RAW 264.7 cells. DIBEt was found to prevent oxidative stress by boosting the levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) through the up-regulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) via the regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in RAW 264.7 cells. These results support the potential of DIBEt for defense against oxidative stress-stimulated diseases.
Natural Antioxidant Control of Neuropathic Pain—Exploring the Role of Mitochondrial SIRT3 Pathway
Authors: Ilari Sara , Giancotti Luigino Antonio , Lauro Filomena , Gliozzi Micaela , Malafoglia Valentina , Palma Ernesto , Tafani Marco , Russo Matteo Antonio , Tomino Carlo , Fini Massimo , Salvemini Daniela , Mollace Vincenzo , Muscoli Carolina
Published: November 2020

Neuropathic pain is a chronic painful disease. Data have shown that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in chronic pain. Particularly, the enhanced ROS production alters the mitochondrial genome and proteome through the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products, such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is a mitochondrial protein and its activity can reduce ROS levels by modulating key antioxidant enzymes, such as manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Here, we evaluated the role of SIRT3 in the maintenance of basal levels of ROS in a model of chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve and the protective effects of a natural antioxidant, the bergamot polyphenolic fraction (BPF). Rats were exposed to CCI of the sciatic nerve in the presence or absence of BPF (25–75 mg/kg). Level of acetylation, post-translational modulation on cysteine residues of proteins by HNE and SIRT3 activation, were detected in the spinal cord through western blotting, WES methodology and enzymatic assays. Our results reported that SIRT3 carbonylation and therefore its inactivation contributes to mitochondrial MnSOD hyperacetylation during CCI induced neuropathic pain in rats. In particular, we have demonstrated a close relation between oxidative stress, hyperalgesia, allodynia and sirtuins inactivation reverted by BPF administration.
Novel Application of Uncertainty Analysis Methods for Quantitative Precipitation Estimation Based on Weather Radars in the Korean Peninsula
Authors: Lee Jae-Kyoung , Song Chang Geun
Published: November 2020

Several sources of bias are involved at each stage of a quantitative precipitation estimation process because weather radars measure precipitation amounts indirectly. Conventional methods compare the relative uncertainties between different stages of the process but seldom present the total uncertainty. Therefore, the objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to quantify the uncertainty at each stage of the process and in total; (2) to elucidate the ratio of the uncertainty at each stage in terms of the total uncertainty; and (3) to explain the uncertainty propagation process at each stage. This study proposed novel application of three methods (maximum entropy method, uncertainty Delta method, and modified-fractional uncertainty method) to determine the total uncertainty, level of uncertainty increase, and percentage of uncertainty at each stage. Based on data from 18 precipitation events that occurred over the Korean Peninsula, the applicability of the three methods was tested using a radar precipitation estimation process that comprised two quality control algorithms, two precipitation estimation methods, and two post-processing precipitation bias correction methods. Results indicated that the final uncertainty of each method was reduced in comparison with the initial uncertainty, and that the uncertainty was different at each stage depending on the method applied.
Micro Artificial Immune System for Traffic Light Control
Authors: Galvan-Correa Raul , Olguin-Carbajal Mauricio , Herrera-Lozada Juan Carlos , Sandoval-Gutierrez Jacobo , Serrano-Talamantes José Félix , Cadena-Martinez Rodrigo , Aquino-Ruíz Carlos
Published: November 2020

A new bio-inspired meta-heuristic, called the micro artificial immune system (MAIS), has been developed in order to reduce the rates of pollution for a specific region of Mexico City through the optimization of vehicular flow. Simulation of urban mobility (SUMO) was used to simulate the effects of the programming of the traffic lights obtained by the MAIS. Currently, pollution and travel times from one place to another are increasing due to the number of inhabitants that live in big cities, which has generated a decrease in people’s quality of life. Hence, we propose the optimization of the programming of the sequences of traffic lights through this bio-inspired meta-heuristic. The obtained results show that the MAIS outperforms most of the algorithms tested in this research.
Cereal Stem Stress: In Situ Biomechanical Characterization of Stem Elasticity
Authors: Heuschele D. Jo , Garcia Taina Acevedo , Ortiz Joan Barreto , Smith Kevin P. , Marchetto Peter
Published: November 2020

Stem lodging is the bending or breakage of stems in the wind that result in negative economic impacts to producers and processors of small grain crops. To address this issue, plant breeders attempt to quantify lodging using proxy traits such as stem structure and biomechanics. Stem lodging is a function of both stem strength and elasticity. In this paper, we explore the biomechanics of stems approaching the lodging, or permanent bending, condition. Oat, wheat, and two types of barley varying in lodging resistance were exposed to standard growing conditions over the course of a season. Their capability of returning from a bent to unbent state was characterized using a push force meter that measured resistant force and displacement over time. Changes in stem energy and power were then calculated using displacement and force measurements. Lodging susceptibility could be differentiated by stem strength, displacement and change in power measurements depending on small grain species without damaging the plant. These measurements could be used by small cereal grain breeding programs as proxy traits to determine lodging susceptibility without destructively testing or waiting for storm events, thus saving time and resources.
Observer Design for Nonlinear Invertible System from the View of Both Local and Global Levels
Authors: Zhang Mei , Wu Qinmu , Chen Xiangping , Dahhou Boutaïeb , Li Zetao
Published: November 2020

This paper emphasizes the importance of the influences of local dynamics on the global dynamics of a control system. By considering an actuator as an individual, nonlinear subsystem connected with a nonlinear process subsystem in cascade, a structure of interconnected nonlinear systems is proposed which allows for global and local supervision properties of the interconnected systems. To achieve this purpose, a kind of interconnected observer design method is investigated, and the convergence is studied. One major difficulty is that a state observation can only rely on the global system output at the terminal boundary. This is because the connection point between the two subsystems is considered unable to be measured, due to physical or economic reasons. Therefore, the aim of the interconnected observer is to estimate the state vector of each subsystem and the unmeasurable connection point. Specifically, the output used in the observer of the actuator subsystem is replaced by the estimation of the process subsystem observer, while the estimation of this interconnection is treated like an additional state in the observer design of the process subsystem. Expression for this new state is achieved by calculating the derivatives of the output equation of the actuator subsystem. Numerical simulations confirm the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed observer, which highlight the significance of the work compared with state-of-the-art methods.
Data-Driven Adaptive Control for Laser-Based Additive Manufacturing with Automatic Controller Tuning
Authors: Chen Lequn , Yao Xiling , Chew Youxiang , Weng Fei , Moon Seung Ki , Bi Guijun
Published: November 2020

Closed-loop control is desirable in direct energy deposition (DED) to stabilize the process and improve the fabrication quality. Most existing DED controllers require system identifications by experiments to obtain plant models or layer-dependent adaptive control rules, and such processes are cumbersome and time-consuming. This paper proposes a novel data-driven adaptive control strategy to adjust laser voltage with the melt pool size feedback. A multitasking controller architecture is developed to incorporate an autotuning unit that optimizes controller parameters based on the DED process data automatically. Experimental validations show improvements in the geometric accuracy and melt pool consistency of controlled samples. The main advantage of the proposed controller is that it can adapt to DED processes with different part shapes, materials, tool paths, and process parameters without tweaking. System identification is not required even when process conditions are changed, which reduces the controller implementation time and cost for end-users.
Numerical Prediction of Equivalent Mechanical Properties of Corrugated Paperboard by 3D Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Park Jongmin , Chang Sewon , Jung Hyun Mo
Published: November 2020

This study is to obtain the equivalent (effective) mechanical properties of corrugated paperboard specifically that is widely applied in Korea for packaging of agricultural products. To analyze the equivalent properties of corrugated paperboard, finite element modeling, measurement of the reaction force, and superposition theory for the unit cell were applied. The stress-strain behavior obtained by applying the calculated equivalent mechanical properties to the simplified model of the corrugated paperboard is compared with experimental results. Nine equivalent mechanical properties governing the orthotropic behavior of corrugated paperboard were analyzed through finite element analysis (FEA). The stress-strain behavior of the corrugated paperboard experimentally showed elastic-plastic behavior, although the equivalent mechanical properties applied to the simplified model were elastic properties based on the theoretical approach, so that the finite element analysis results showed linearity. Therefore, when applying the calculated equivalent mechanical properties through FEA, the characteristics of the section where the strain only increases without the increase in the load due to the flute should be taken into consideration.