bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of paired Cas9-NG nickase and truncated sgRNAs for single-nucleotide microbial genome editing
Authors: Jeong Song Hee , Lee Ho Joung , Lee Sang Jun
Published: September 2024

The paired nickases approach, which utilizes clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas) nickase and dual guide RNA, has the advantage of reducing off-target effects by being able to double the target sequence. In this study, our research utilized the Cas9-NG nickase variant to minimize PAM sequence constraints, enabling the generation of paired nicks at desired genomic loci. We performed a systematic investigation into the formation sites for double nicks and the design of donor DNA within a bacterial model system. Although we successfully identified the conditions necessary for the effective formation of double nicks in vivo, achieving single-nucleotide level editing directly at the target sites in the genome proved challenging. Nonetheless, our experiments revealed that efficient editing at the single-nucleotide level was achievable on target DNA sequences that are hybridized with 5′-end-truncated dual single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs). Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the paired nickases approach, offering a single-mismatch intolerance design strategy for accurate nucleotide editing. This strategy not only enhances the precision of genome editing but also marks a significant step forward in the development of nickase-derived genome editing technologies.
A case report and review of rheumatoid arthritis co-occurring with tuberous sclerosis complex, a rare occurrence
Authors: Yin Hai-Qin , Li Xue-Fei , Fu Yao , Zhu Hui-Ling , Luo Yu-sheng
Published: September 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease. Tuberous sclerosis complex(TSC) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder. We report a case of RA with TSC. The patient was a 46-year-old woman with polyarthritis and cough symptoms, rheumatoid arthritis associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) was initially considered, and after more than 3 months of anti-rheumatic treatment, the patient still had cough, and further examination revealed that the patient had lymphangioleiomyomatosis in the lungs, hepatic and renal angiomyolipomas, multiple subependymal nodules, Vertebral osteosclerotic nodules, as well as facial angiofibromas and periungual fibroma, RA was finally diagnosed with TSC, and everolimus 10mg qd was added to anti-rheumatic therapy for 1 month, and the patient’s cough symptoms were relieved.
On the dynamics of the Ross Gyre: the relative importance of wind, buoyancy, eddies, and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Authors: Wang Yang , Chassignet Eric P. , Speer Kevin
Published: September 2024

The formation of cold, dense waters south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is one of the main drivers of the global overturning circulation, with major effects on the earth’s climate. A key region where dense waters are formed is the Ross Sea, which is separated from the ACC by the Ross Gyre. The strength and variability of the Ross Gyre circulation impacts the formation and export of dense water, but observations of the Ross Gyre circulation are limited because of its remote location, severe weather conditions, and ice cover that has limited the application of remote sensing techniques. Quantitative estimates of the gyre’s total strength are difficult to obtain from hydrographic observations alone due to the limited sampling and the relatively weak stratification. In this paper, we use a combination of observations and modeling studies to estimate the strength and variability of the Ross Gyre transport and investigate the relative contributions of the wind, buoyancy forcing, eddy fluxes, and the influence of ACC to the Ross Gyre circulation. We find that the mean transport of the Ross Gyre can be as high as about 45 Sv, more than twice the typical estimate of about 20 Sv. Sensitivity experiments to wind and buoyancy forcing, nonlinear terms, and the ACC were performed with a regional configuration of the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). The numerical experiments show that the total Ross Gyre circulation, and its variability, are primarily wind-driven. The ACC is responsible for a small recirculation. Buoyancy and nonlinearity or eddy fluxes play a smaller role in the gyre dynamics, though they are regionally important.
A comprehensive analysis of genes associated with hypoxia and cuproptosis in pulmonary arterial hypertension using machine learning methods and immune infiltration analysis: AHR is a key gene in the cuproptosis process
Authors: Chen Zuguang , Song Lingyue , Zhong Ming , Pang Lingpin , Sun Jie , Xian Qian , Huang Tao , Xie Fengwei , Cheng Junfen , Fu Kaili , Huang Zhihai , Guo Dingyu , Chen Riken , Sun Xishi , Huang Chunyi
Published: September 2024

Background

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a serious condition characterized by elevated pulmonary artery pressure, leading to right heart failure and increased mortality. This study investigates the link between PAH and genes associated with hypoxia and cuproptosis.

Methods

We utilized expression profiles and single-cell RNA-seq data of PAH from the GEO database and genecad. Genes related to cuproptosis and hypoxia were identified. After normalizing the data, differential gene expression was analyzed between PAH and control groups. We performed clustering analyses on cuproptosis-related genes and constructed a weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA) to identify key genes linked to cuproptosis subtype scores. KEGG, GO, and DO enrichment analyses were conducted for hypoxia-related genes, and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was created using STRING. Immune cell composition differences were examined between groups. SingleR and Seurat were used for scRNA-seq data analysis, with PCA and t-SNE for dimensionality reduction. We analyzed hub gene expression across single-cell clusters and built a diagnostic model using LASSO and random forest, optimizing parameters with 10-fold cross-validation. A total of 113 combinations of 12 machine learning algorithms were employed to evaluate model accuracy. GSEA was utilized for pathway enrichment analysis of AHR and FAS, and a Nomogram was created to assess risk impact. We also analyzed the correlation between key genes and immune cell types using Spearman correlation.

Results

We identified several diagnostic genes for PAH linked to hypoxia and cuproptosis. PPI networks illustrated relationships among these hub genes, with immune infiltration analysis highlighting associations with monocytes, macrophages, and CD8 T cells. The genes AHR, FAS, and FGF2 emerged as key markers, forming a robust diagnostic model (NaiveBayes) with an AUC of 0.9.

Conclusion

AHR, FAS, and FGF2 were identified as potential biomarkers for PAH, influencing cell proliferation and inflammatory responses, thereby offering new insights for PAH prevention and treatment.
Humanization of nursing care: a systematic review
Authors: Reyes-Téllez Ángeles , González-García Alberto , Martín-Salvador Adelina , Gázquez-López María , Martínez-García Encarnación , García-García Inmaculada
Published: September 2024

Advances in healthcare in recent years have resulted in the automation and standardization of healthcare. Consequently, care has become dehumanized. There is a lack of trust from patients toward the health care system, as well as feelings of stress, exhaustion, and fatigue among professionals. The aim of this article is to describe the humanization actions in nursing care, as well as the barriers and facilitating strategies to carry them out. A systematic review of the scientific literature has been carried out following the recommendations of the PRISMA declaration. The search was carried out in the WOS, SCOPUS, CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases. The keywords used were “humanization of assistance,” “nursing care,” and “nurse–patient relations,” restricting to original studies in English or Spanish, from 2018 to 2022. One author performed the search, selection, and screening of records. Two authors were involved in data extraction, and a third author decided in case of conflict. The systematic review was guided by ethical conduct that respects authorship and reference sources. Of the 744 articles initially identified, 27 were included in this review. Methodological quality was assessed following the STROBE statement or the CASPe and MMAT tools. The main barriers were found to be the lack of training of nurses and their working conditions, as well as the unwillingness of the institutions. Facilitating strategies consisted of solving implementation problems, promoting communication to strengthen nurse–patient relationships and accompaniment by family members. The main interventions are related to the physical environment and have been studied in obstetrics and pediatrics services. Barriers related to training, work situation and lack of institutional involvement are complemented with facilitating strategies that aim to implement the humanized model at a general level.
The association between the dietary inflammatory index and cardiorespiratory fitness in United States young adults: a cross-sectional study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study, 1999–2004
Authors: Wu Bo , Qiu Lanlan , Lin Yun , Lin Qian , Pan Yuxiong
Published: September 2024

Background

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a vital indicator of overall health and cardiovascular efficiency. Systemic inflammation significantly impacts CRF, and reducing systemic inflammation may serve as an effective strategy to improve CRF. Diet plays a crucial role in systemic inflammation, but daily dietary intake typically involves multiple elements rather than a single nutrient. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) provides an overall assessment of dietary inflammation on the basis of the anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects of the nutrients consumed. However, the relationship between DII and CRF is not yet well understood.

Aims

To examine the association between the DII and CRF.

Method

This study analyzed 3,087 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 1999 and 2002. The study subjects were divided into three distinct groups by DII tertile: T1 (n = 1,027), T2 (n = 1,029), and T3 (n = 1,031). The associations between DII levels and CRF were examined via logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic splines (RCSs).

Results

Elevated DII scores were significantly linked to low CRF levels. Compared with those in the lowest tertile, participants in the highest DII tertile exhibited a greater prevalence of low CRF (T1: 10.85%, T2: 16.32%, T3: 19.31%). In the model with full adjustments, elevated scores on the DII were consistently linked with a heightened likelihood of low CRF (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07–1.28; P < 0.001). Compared with those in the T1 group, participants with higher DIIs had an increased risk of lower CRF (T2: OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.01–2.01, P = 0.046; T3: OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.22–2.40, P = 0.003). Additionally, a significant interaction (P = 0.045) between sex and the DII for low CRF was observed within the population.

Conclusion

A higher DII score is linked to an elevated risk of low CRF. Moreover, sex can impact CRF, with women being more prone to low CRF.
PD-1 expression in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes as a prognostic marker in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Dan Asaf , Aricak Ozan , Rounis Konstantinos , Montero-Fernandez M. Angeles , Guijarro Ricardo , Ekman Simon , Ortiz-Villalón Cristian , De Petris Luigi
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Programmed death ligand – 1 (PD-L1) expression is a well-established predictive biomarker for immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Programmed death – 1 (PD-1) serves as the target protein to PD-L1 and their interaction serves as a crucial pathway for immune evasion. This study aimed to investigate the expression pattern of PD-1 on Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in early-stage NSCLC, and its potential role as prognostic biomarker.

Materials & methods

PD-1 was evaluated in 474 surgical resected early-stage NSCLC specimens, using Tissue microarray and immunohistochemical staining. Expression was scored as negative (<1%) or positive. Positive PD-1 expression was further divided into low (<10%) and high (≥10%). None of the patients had received treatment with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.

Results

PD-1 expression ≥1% in TILs was observed in 83.5% of cases and was associated with pT stage (p=0.02), grade 3 (p=0.004), and adenocarcinoma subtype (p=0.05). Individuals with high PD-1 expression (≥10%) experienced reduced 10-year overall survival (Log-Rank test = 0.005). In addition, high PD-1 expression emerged as an independent factor associated with reduced survival on multivariate analysis (HR: 1.328 (95% CI: 1.074-1.641).

Conclusions

Patients with early-stage NSCLC who exhibited PD-1 expression of ≥10% on TILs had an unfavorable 10-year OS rate. These findings indicate that elevated PD-1 expression on TILs can be associated with immune evasion during the early stages of malignancy evolution in the NSCLC setting and further research is required to further delineate the role of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway on tumor immune senescence. These results underline the potential role of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of early-stage NSCLC.
Molecular genetic characterization of myeloid neoplasms with idic(X)(q13) and i(X)(q10)
Authors: Brunetti Marta , Andersen Kristin , Trøen Gunhild , Micci Francesca , Spetalen Signe , Lenartova Andrea , Tandsæther Maren Randi , Panagopoulos Ioannis
Published: September 2024

Background/Aim

Isodicentric [idic(X)(q13)] and isochromosome [i(X)(q10)] are infrequent aberrations in neoplastic diseases. The former is mainly reported in elderly women with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), whereas the latter is mostly found as a secondary aberration or part of complex karyotypes in various types of neoplasms, including MDS and AML. Here, we present the molecular genetics and clinical features of six patients with myeloid neoplasia and the above-mentioned aberrations.

Patients and Methods

Array comparative genome hybridization (aCGH) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) myeloid panel were used to examine genetic alterations in five bone marrow samples containing neoplastic cells carrying idic(X)(q13) and one sample with i(X)(q10).

Results

The breakpoints of idic(X)(q13) were clustered within a 200 kbp region encompassing FAM236B, DMRTC1B, and DMRTC1. The breakpoint of i(X)(q10) was identified within a 112 kbp region on sub-band p11.22 containing SSX2, SSX2B, and SPANXN5. Pathogenic variants of TET2 were identified in four cases, SF3B1 in three cases, ASXL1 and SRSF2 in two cases each, whereas STAG2, RUNX1, U2AF1, and TP53 pathogenic variants were detected in only single cases.

Conclusions

The breakpoints of idic(X)(q13) are within a 200kbp. i(X)(q10) in our study turned out to be a cryptic idic(X)(p11) aberration, reported for the first time here. TET2, SF3B1, ASXL1, or SRSF2 were highly prevalent in patients with idic(X)(q13)/i(X)(q10) abnormalities and were often associated with a worse prognosis.
Progression of oncolytic virus in liver cancer treatment
Authors: Hua Xuesi , Xuan Siyu , Tang Yangyang , You Shilin , Zhao Shang , Qiu Ye , Li Yinqing , Li Yongqing , Su Yanping , Qu Peng
Published: September 2024

The liver plays a crucrial role in detoxification, metabolism, and nutrient storage. Because liver cancer ranks among the top three leading causes of death globally, there is an urgent need for developing treatment strategies for liver cancer. Although traditional approaches such as radiation, chemotherapy, surgical removal, and transplantation are widely practiced, the number of patients with liver cancer continues to increase rapidly each year. Some novel therapeutics for liver cancer have been studied for many years. In the past decade, oncolytic therapy has emerged, in which viruses selectively infect and destroy cancer cells while sparing normal cells. However, oncolytic virotherapy for liver cancer remains relatively obscure due to the aggressive nature of the disease and the limited effectiveness of treatment. To keep pace with the latest developments in oncolytic tumor therapy for liver cancer, this review summarizes basic science studies and clinical trials conducted within 5 years, focusing on the efficacy and safety profiles of the five most commonly used oncolytic viruses: herpes simplex virus, adenovirus, influenza virus, vaccinia virus, and coxsackievirus.
Claudins: from gatekeepers of epithelial integrity to potential targets in hepato-pancreato-biliary cancers
Authors: Jeon Hyein , Sterpi Michelle , Mo Christiana , Bteich Fernand
Published: September 2024

Claudins, a family of tetraspan transmembrane proteins, are critical to the integrity of tight junctions in epithelia and endothelia, influencing cellular processes such as development, differentiation, and apoptosis. Abnormal claudin expression is associated with various malignancies, particularly affecting tissue architecture and potentially facilitating tumor invasion and metastasis. In this comprehensive review, we explore the multifaceted functions of claudins: their expression, specific roles in cancer with a focus on hepato-pancreato-biliary malignancies and highlight their potential as therapeutic targets. We discuss current claudin-targeted therapies, including monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific T-cell engager and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies. These approaches show promise in pre-clinical and clinical studies, particularly in hepato-pancreato-biliary cancers with large unmet needs. Despite these early signs of efficacy, challenges remain in effectively targeting these proteins due to their structural resemblance and overlapping functions.
The role of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of gynecological cancer
Authors: Chatterjee Madhura , Gupta Saurabh , Mukherjee Tanmoy , Parashar Deepak , Kumar Umesh , Maitra Arindam , Das Kaushik
Published: September 2024

Gynecological cancer, the most common form of cancers in women worldwide, initiates in the reproductive organs of females. More often, the common treatment measures, i.e. surgery, radiation, and medical oncology are found to be unsuccessful in the treatment of gynecological tumors. Emerging evidence indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a significant role in the pathogenesis of gynecological cancers by distinct mechanisms. The present review highlights how EVs contribute to the progression of different types of gynecological cancers such as cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, vaginal cancer, uterine sarcoma, gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), and vulvar cancer. The primary focus is to understand how EVs’ cargo alters the phenotypic response of the recipient cells, thereby contributing to the progression of the disease, thus can be considered as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker. A brief discussion on the role of EVs in the diagnosis and prognosis of different gynecological cancer types is also highlighted. Targeting the biogenesis of the EVs, their inside cargo, and EVs uptake by the recipient cells could be a potential therapeutic approach in the treatment of gynecological cancer beside conventional therapeutic means.
Identifying and quantifying initial post-discharge needs for clinical review of sick, newborns in Kenya based on a large multi-site, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wainaina John , Lee Esther , Irimu Grace , Aluvaala Jalemba , English Mike ,   The Clinical Information Network Author Group
Published: September 2024

Background

Progress in neonatal care has resulted in a 51% decrease in global neonatal mortality rates from 1990 to 2017. Enhanced survival will put pressure on health care systems to provide appropriate post-discharge, follow-up care but the scale of need for such care is poorly defined.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of newborns discharged from 23 public hospital neonatal units (NBUs) in Kenya between January 2018 and June 2023 to identify initial follow-up needs. We first determined pragmatic follow-up categories based on survivors’ clinical conditions and morbidities. We then used individual phenotypes of individual babies to assign them to needing one or more forms of specialized clinical follow-up. We use descriptive statistics to estimate proportions of those with specific needs and patterns of need.

Findings

Among 136,249/159,792 (85.3%) neonates discharged, around one-third (33%) were low birth weight (<2,500 g), and a similar 33.4% were preterm (<37 weeks). We estimated 131,351 initial episodes of follow-up would be needed across nine distinct follow-up categories: general pediatrics, nutrition, growth & development (40.4%), auditory screening (38.8%), ophthalmology for retinopathy of prematurity (9.6%), neurology (8.0%), occupational therapy (1.3%), specialized nutrition (0.9%), surgery (0.8%), cardiology (0.2%), and pulmonary (<0.1%). Most neonates met the criteria for two (52.3%, 28,733), followed by three (39.6%, 21,738) and one follow-up episodes (5.6%, 3,098). In addition to prematurity and very low birth weight (≤1,500 g), severe infections with extended gentamicin treatment, severe jaundice managed with phototherapy, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) contributed substantially to the pattern of need for post-discharge follow-up.

Conclusions

Almost half of surviving NBU infants have multiple specialty post-discharge follow-up needs. More urgent attention needs to be focused on healthcare planning now to guide strategies to address the varied medical and developmental needs that we outline in resource-constrained contexts like Kenya.
A case report: deep and durable response to low-dose lenvatinib and tislelizumab in an elderly patient with advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Pei , Wang Xin , Li Ruizhen , Li Xiaoying , Cheng Ke , Cao Dan
Published: September 2024

Background

Older patients with advanced cholangiocarcinoma lack systemic therapy standards. These people have a high risk of chemotherapy, accompanied by adverse reactions and even discontinuation of treatment.

Case presentation

We report a 78-year-old female subject with advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma presenting with unresectable lesions involving the hepatic veins, along with extensive metastatic lymph nodes. After the geriatric assessment, capecitabine was utilized for only one cycle owing to adverse events (AEs). Next, a combination of low-dose lenvatinib and tislelizumab was administrated as a second-line treatment, which resulted in remarkable early tumor shrinkage. The following individual lenvatinib taper enabled a manageable safety profile and durable deep response. A near-complete response was achieved, with the primary tumor significantly reducing from 5.6 cm × 4.7 cm to nearly complete disappearance, accompanied by complete regression of lymph nodes, and both progression-free survival and overall survival exceeding 24 months.

Conclusion

The case provides valuable insights that could influence future treatment strategies for older patients with advanced cholangiocarcinoma who are unsuitable for chemotherapy. The dose-individualized chemotherapy-free regime of lenvatinib and tislelizumab might be used in similar cases to improve their outcomes.
Genome-wide identification and tissue expression pattern analysis of TPS gene family in soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: Li Huanli , Zhang Xiaoling , Yang Qinli , Shangguan Xiaoxia , Ma Yanbin
Published: September 2024

The terpene synthase (TPS) plays a pivotal roles in plant growth, development, and enhancing resilience against environmental stresses. Despite this, the bioinformatics analysis of the TPS family gene in soybean (Glycine max) is lacking. In this study, we investigated 36 GmTPS members in soybean, exhibiting a diverse range of protein lengths, spanning from 144 to 835 amino acids. A phylogenetic tree was constructed from these GmTPS genes revealed a classification into five distinct subgroups: Group1, Group2, Group3, Group4 and Group5. Notably, within each subgroup, we identified the motifs of GmTPS proteins were similar, although variations existed among different subfamilies. Gene duplication events analysis demonstrated that TPS genes expand differently in G. max, A. thaliana and O. sativa. Among, both tandem duplication and Whole genome duplication contributive to the expansion of TPS genes in G. max, and Whole genome duplication played a major role. Moreover, the cis-element analysis suggested that TPS is related to hormone signals, plant growth and development and environmental stress. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay results indicated TPS protein may form heterodimer to function, or may form complex with P450 proteins to function. RNA-seq results revealed a higher expression of most GmTPS genes in flowers, suggesting their potential contribution to flower development. Collectively, these findings offer a provide a holistic knowledge of the TPS gene family in soybean and will facilitate further characterization of TPSs effectively.
Case report: Advances in treating ligyrophobia with third-generation ACT approach
Authors: Marino Flavia , Doria Germana , LoPresti Adele , Gismondo Stefania , Failla Chiara , Pioggia Giovanni
Published: September 2024

Background and aims

Giulia, an 11-year-old girl diagnosed with ligyrophobia, has been experiencing intense anxiety related to loud noises since the age of two. This case report aims to explore the efficacy of Third-Wave Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, specifically Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), in addressing Giulia’s anxiety and avoidance behaviors. The primary goal is to examine the impact of ACT on reducing ligyrophobic symptoms and enhancing psychological flexibility.

Methods

The therapeutic intervention spanned 24 sessions and was divided into two phases. The initial phase focused on emotional competence using characters from the movie “Inside Out,” aiding Giulia in recognizing and understanding her emotions. The subsequent phase targeted the six processes of psychological inflexibility identified in ACT, fostering increased flexibility.

Results

Throughout the intervention, Giulia demonstrated significant improvements in anxiety symptoms, as evidenced by a decrease in Subjective Units of Distress (SUD) scores. Avoidance behaviors also diminished, and Giulia exhibited enhanced mindfulness skills. She became more cognizant of her emotional experiences and more certain of her personal ideals as a result of the therapy. Giulia’s active participation and commitment to exposure exercises led to a substantial reduction in ligyrophobic reactions.

Discussion

The successful application of ACT in Giulia’s case suggests that targeting psychological inflexibility through mindfulness and values clarification can be effective in treating ligyrophobia in children. The integration of metaphors and creative exercises proved valuable in engaging Giulia and fostering therapeutic progress. The findings underscore the importance of a tailored, third-wave therapeutic approach in addressing specific phobias in pediatric populations.
Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) for mood, anxiety, and adjustment disorders: a pilot study
Authors: Wong Su Ren , Chan Mu Rong , Chong Edlina , Dancza Karina Michelle
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Global mental health issues, particularly anxiety and depression, significantly impact people’s everyday activities. While psychotherapies are commonly used, there is a growing interest in problem-solving approaches within mental health. These approaches focus on enabling individuals to develop personalized strategies to address emotional and psychological challenges and enhance their engagement in meaningful activities, known as occupational performance. This paper examines the feasibility of the Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) in assisting adults with mood, anxiety, or adjustment disorders.

Method

The study employed a mixed methods single-subject design with replication, using an inductive/deductive approach for qualitative analysis. Ethical approval was obtained, and participants were recruited from a Singaporean hospital’s occupational therapy service. CO-OP sessions were conducted either in-person or via telehealth. The intervention involved setting goals collaboratively, followed by weekly sessions over 10 weeks. Various data sources, including demographics, field notes, recordings of sessions, assessments and interviews were collected. Data analysis involved comparing pre- and post-intervention scores, thematic analysis of interviews, and triangulation of quantitative and qualitative data for validity. The study results are organized according to five feasibility domains: acceptability, demand, implementation, practicality, and limited efficacy.

Results

A total of 10 participants, mostly female, were recruited, with two dropping out during the baseline phase. All remaining participants completed the intervention and 1 month follow-up data collection. CO-OP was perceived as acceptable and beneficial in enhancing occupational performance, satisfaction and managing mood and anxiety symptoms. Participants expressed increased confidence and self-efficacy but desired continued therapist support for strategy application and reinforcement.

Discussion

Participants generally embraced CO-OP, favoring its personalized nature over therapist-directed approaches, with high retention rates observed. Building a strong therapeutic relationship was essential. Also using complementary approaches like supportive counseling proved beneficial. CO-OP emerges as a viable intervention alongside existing therapy approaches, offering a promising avenue for addressing the complex needs of individuals with mental health conditions.
A hybrid MCDM approach based on combined weighting method, cloud model and COPRAS for assessing road construction workers’ safety climate
Authors: Cai Jing , Hu Yihui , Peng Yiming , Guo Fengxiang , Xiong Jian , Zhang Ran
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel approach to assess the safety climate level of different groups of workers in a construction company and predict safety performance and implement targeted improvement measures.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper utilizes the BP neural network and random forest algorithm to establish a weight learning mechanism for calculating the weights of safety climate evaluation criteria. The cloud model is employed to construct the decision matrix for different groups under the evaluation criteria. Meanwhile, the paper utilizes the COPRAS method to compare the safety climate of different groups.

Findings

The findings show the accuracy of the CM-COPRAS model is assessed by comparing it with the other methods. The three models are almost consistent in assessing the safety climate for working age groups, accident experience groups, and work type groups, with slight differences in the evaluation results for the education groups. The consistency of the computational results of the CM-COPRAS model with the results of the existing research, i.e., that the education level is positively proportional to the safety climate supports the reasonableness and validity of the CM-COPRAS model.

Originality

The paper proposes a hybrid MCDM method that integrates the Combined weighting method, Cloud model, and COPRAS for safety climate level evaluation in different construction worker groups. A case study is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method and to compare it with other methods to validate the effectiveness of the present method.
A Decoupled Modal Reduction Method for the Steady-State Vibration Analysis of Vibro-Acoustic Systems with Non-Classical Damping
Authors: Gao Ruxin , Fan Shanshan
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a decoupled modal reduction method for the steady-state vibration analysis of vibro-acoustic systems characterized by non-classical damping. The proposed approach initially reduces the order of the coupled governing equations of the vibro-acoustic system through the utilization of non-coupled modes, subsequently employing the complex mode superposition technique to address non-classical damping effects. By leveraging non-coupled modes, this method circumvents the need to solve for coupled modes as required in traditional modal reduction techniques, thereby diminishing both computational complexity and cost. Furthermore, the complex mode superposition method facilitates the decoupling of coupled governing equations with non-classical damping, enhancing computational efficiency. Numerical examples validate both the accuracy and effectiveness of this methodology. Given that modal decomposition is independent of frequency, an analysis of computational efficiency across various stages further substantiates that this method offers significant advantages in terms of efficiency for computational challenges encountered over a broad frequency range.
A Risk Assessment Method for Phosphorus Loss in Intensive Agricultural Areas—A Case Study in Henan Province, China
Authors: Gao Linlin , Wu Yong , Li Ling , Sun Chi , Li Donghao , Liu Xueke
Published: September 2024

Agricultural phosphorus (P) loss constitutes a significant factor in agricultural non-point source pollution (ANSP). Due to the widespread occurrence and complexity of ANSP, emphasis on risk prevention and control is preferable to retroactive treatment, to reduce costs. Effective risk identification is an issue that needs to be addressed urgently. Henan Province, a typical intensive agricultural region in China, was used as a case study to develop a straightforward and precise model for assessing the risk of P loss. Total phosphorus (TP) emission intensity at the county level in Henan Province was estimated based on planting, livestock and poultry breeding, and rural domestic activities. Subsequently, influential factors were selected to determine the extent of P loss in rivers. Finally, the model was validated using water quality data. The results indicate that (1) TP emission and rainfall are the primary contributors to the risk of P loss, whereas vegetation coverage has negligible effects. (2) The primary sources of TP emission, in descending order of magnitude, are livestock and poultry breeding, rural domestic activities, and planting. Livestock and poultry breeding represents the largest proportion at approximately 50%. (3) High-risk areas for P loss are concentrated in the plains of the central, eastern, and northern Henan Province, while low-risk areas are mainly located in the western mountainous and hilly regions. (4) The model exhibits high accuracy with a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.81 when compared to surface water quality monitoring data. This study provides a new framework for assessing the risk of P loss in intensive agricultural settings.
Management Strategies for Ulex europaeus L. Control in a Native Plant Community in Tenerife, Canary Islands
Authors: González-Montelongo Cristina , Padrón-Mederos Miguel A. , Negrín-Pérez Zaira , González Maya , Arévalo José Ramón
Published: September 2024

Invasive plant species have been recognized as adversely affecting native ecosystems. Some of these plant species become problematic in disturbed environments such as urbanized, agricultural, and abandoned developed or farmed land. In some cases, they can dominate the invaded ground, preventing a transition back to the native plant community. In Tenerife (Canary Islands), the invasive plant species Ulex europaeus L. has established dense infestations in abandoned agricultural lands. Removing such invasive species in Tenerife through ecological restoration is crucial for restoring ecosystem functionality and promoting biodiversity. This study evaluates various management methods for U. europaeus in abandoned fields, assessing their impact on species richness, diversity, composition, and regeneration. The findings can inform management strategies to combat this invasive species, contributing to biodiversity conservation and ecosystem resilience. The study was conducted in two highly invaded areas, evaluating chemical (C), mechanical (M), mechanical and chemical (MC), and mechanical, chemical, and plantation treatments (MCP), along with a control, to analyze changes in species richness, diversity, and plant community. Results indicate that U. europaeus remains capable of reoccupying treated areas. The different treatments led to differences in species richness and composition. The MCP treatment yielded the best results if the planted native species grew faster than Ulex europaeus, preventing its establishment due to its shade-intolerant nature. However, continual control is required to eliminate U. europaeus regeneration from seeds that can persist for at least 30 years.
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Key Genes and Pathways Associated with Cadmium Stress Tolerance in Solanum aculeatissimum C. B. Clarke
Authors: Wu Suying , Sun Zhenghai , Li Liping
Published: September 2024

As a great economic Solanum with ornamental value and good adaptability, Solanum aculeatissimum is considered an excellent candidate for the phytoremediation of Cadmium-contaminated soils. However, there are no studies on the involvement of S. aculeatissimum in the response and tolerance mechanisms of cadmium (Cd) stress. In the present study, S. aculeatissimum was used for the first time for physiological and transcriptomic systematic analysis under different concentrations of Cd stress. The results showed that S. aculeatissimum was indeed well tolerant to Cd and showed Cd enrichment capabilities. Under the Cd stress treatment of 50 mg/kg (Cd6), S. aculeatissimum could still grow normally. At the 90th day of Cd stress, the amount of Cd content in different parts of the plant at the same concentration was in the order of root > stem > leaf. With the extension of the stress time up to 163 d, the trend of Cd content in each part was not consistent, and the results in the root (77.74 mg/kg), stem (30.01 mg/kg), leaf (29.44 mg/kg), immature fruit (18.36 mg/kg), and mature fruit (21.13 mg/kg) of Cd peaked at Cd4, Cd5, Cd1, Cd4, and Cd4, respectively. The enrichment and transport coefficients of all treatments were greater than 1. The treatment groups with the largest and smallest enrichment coefficients were Cd4 and CK, respectively. The treatment groups with the largest and smallest transport coefficients were CK and Cd4, respectively. Malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) in the antioxidant system after Cd stress treatment were significantly increased compared to the untreated group. Under cadmium stress, by using real-time quantitative PCR, four genes (SaHMA20, SaL-AO, SaPrxs4, and SaPCs) were screened for possible correlations to Cd tolerance and absorption enrichment in S. aculeatissimum. The key DEGs are mainly responsible for the metabolic pathways of heavy metal ATPases, plastocyanin protein phytocyanins (PCs), peroxidases (Prxs), and ascorbate oxidase (AAO); these differential genes are believed to play an important role in Cd tolerance and absorption enrichment in S. aculeatissimum.
Balancing Accuracy and Efficiency: The Status and Challenges of Agricultural Multi-Arm Harvesting Robot Research
Authors: Chen Jiawei , Ma Wei , Liao Hongsen , Lu Junhua , Yang Yuxin , Qian Jianping , Xu Lijia
Published: September 2024

As the global fruit growing area continues to increase and the population aging problem continues to intensify, fruit and vegetable production is constrained by the difficulties of labor shortages and high costs. Single-arm harvesting robots are inefficient, and in order to balance harvesting accuracy and efficiency, research on multi-arm harvesting robots has become a hot topic. This paper summarizes the performance of multi-arm harvesting robots in indoor and outdoor environments from the aspects of automatic navigation technology, fruit and vegetable identification and localization, multi-arm workspace optimization, and multi-arm harvesting task planning and analyzes their advantages and challenges in practical applications. The results show that the lack of application of automatic field navigation for multi-arm harvesting robots, the low harvesting rate in non-structured environments, and the complexity of algorithms for multi-arm harvesting robots’ task planning are the main challenges hindering their wide-scale application. Future studies need to focus on building a standardized growing environment to control the amount of information acquired by the robots and optimize the multi-arm control strategy of these challenges, which is an important direction for research on multi-arm harvesting robots.
Genome-Wide Association Studies for Key Agronomic and Quality Traits in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors: Yuan Jianlong , Cheng Lixiang , Wang Yuping , Zhang Feng
Published: September 2024

Deciphering the genetic mechanisms underlying key agronomic and quality traits in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is essential for advancing varietal improvement. Phenotypic instability in early clonal generations and inbreeding depression, coupled with the complexity of tetrasomic inheritance, pose significant challenges in constructing mapping populations for the genetic dissection of complex traits. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) offer an efficient method to establish trait–genome associations by analyzing genetic recombination and mutation events in natural populations. This review systematically examines the application of GWASs in identifying agronomic traits in potato, such as plant architecture, yield components, tuber shape, and resistance to early and late blight and nematodes, as well as quality traits including dry matter, starch, and glycoalkaloid content. Some key chromosomal hotspots identified through GWASs include chromosome 5 associated with tuber yield, starch content, and late blight resistance; chromosome 4 and 10 associations with tuber shape and starch content; chromosomes 1, 9, and 11 associated with plant height, tuber number, glycoalkaloid content, and pest resistance. It elucidates the advantages and limitations of GWASs for genetic loci identification in this autotetraploid crop, providing theoretical insights and a reference framework for the precise localization of key genetic loci and the discovery of underlying genes using GWASs.
Assessment of the Performance of a Field Weeding Location-Based Robot Using YOLOv8
Authors: Palva Reetta , Kaila Eerikki , García-Pascual Borja , Bloch Victor
Published: September 2024

Field robots are an important tool when improving the efficiency and decreasing the climatic impact of food production. Although several commercial field robots are available, the advantages, limitations, and optimal utilization methods of this technology are still not well understood due to its novelty. This study aims to evaluate the performance of a commercial field robot for seeding and weeding tasks. The evaluation was carried out in a 2-hectare sugar beet field. The robot’s performance was assessed by counting plants and weeds using image processing. The YOLOv8 model was trained to detect sugar beets and weeds. The plant and weed densities were compared on a robotically weeded area of the field, a chemically weeded control area, and an untreated control area. The average weed density on the robotically treated area was about two times lower than that on the untreated area and about three times higher than on the chemically treated area. The testing robot in the specific testing environment and mode showed intermediate results, weeding a majority of the weeds between the rows; however, it left the most harmful weeds close to the plants. Software for robot performance assessment can be used for monitoring robot performance and plant conditions several times during plant growth according to the weeding frequency.
The Contribution of Dairy Bedding and Silage to the Dissemination of Genes Coding for Antimicrobial Resistance: A Narrative Review
Authors: Tarrah Armin , Zhang Dong , Darvishzadeh Pariya , LaPointe Gisèle
Published: September 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a concern in the dairy industry. Recent studies have indicated that bedding serves as a reservoir for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and antimicrobial-resistance genes (ARGs), while silage has been proposed as another possible source. The impact of AMR in dairy farming can be significant, resulting in decreased productivity and economic losses for farmers. Several studies have highlighted the safety implications of AMR bacteria and genes in bedding and silage, emphasizing the need for further research on how housing, bedding, and silage management affect AMR in farm environments. Exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of antibiotics, such as those from contaminated bedding and silage, can prompt bacteria to develop resistance mechanisms. Thus, even if antimicrobial usage is diminished, ARGs may be maintained in the dairy farm environment. By implementing proactive measures to tackle AMR in dairy farming, we can take steps to preserve the health and productivity of dairy cattle while also protecting public health. This involves addressing the prudent use of antibiotics during production and promoting animal welfare, hygiene, and management practices in bedding and farm environments to minimize the risk of AMR development and spread. This narrative review compiles the growing research, positioning the contribution of bedding and silage to the prevalence and dissemination of AMR, which can elicit insights for researchers and policymakers.
Clarithromycin Modulates Neutrophilic Inflammation Induced by Prevotella intermedia in Human Airway Epithelial Cells
Authors: Iwanaga Naoki , Ota Ayaka , Ashizawa Hiroki , Ito Yuya , Hirayama Tatsuro , Yoshida Masataka , Takeda Kazuaki , Ide Shotaro , Tashiro Masato , Hosogaya Naoki , Sakamoto Noriho , Takazono Takahiro , Kosai Kosuke , Naito Mariko , Tanaka Yoshimasa , Yatera Kazuhiro , Izumikawa Koichi , Yanagihara Katsunori , Mukae Hiroshi
Published: September 2024

Objectives: In the present study, we aimed to clarify the mechanisms by which periodontal pathogens, particularly Prevotella intermedia, induce severe neutrophilic inflammation. In addition, we aimed to test the efficacy of macrolides, which has not been resolved in the neutrophilic inflammation induced by P. intermedia. Methods: NCl-H292 human airway epithelial cells were pre-incubated with clarithromycin for 2 h before incubation with P. intermedia supernatants. Then, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) transcription and interleukin (IL)-8 production were measured. To elucidate the signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors were added to the cell culture, and the cells were subjected to Western blotting. Results:P. intermedia supernatants promoted CXCL8 transcription and IL-8 production, and the reactions were significantly suppressed by clarithromycin pretreatment. Only trametinib, the selective mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor, downregulated CXCL8 transcription and IL-8 production. Furthermore, Western blotting revealed that stimulation with P. intermedia supernatants specifically induces extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2 phosphorylation, which is suppressed by clarithromycin pretreatment. Notably, the interference analysis revealed that ERK3 might be dispensable for IL-8 production under the stimulation of P. intermedia supernatants. Conclusions: Our results provide new insight into the mechanism underlying P. intermedia-induced production of IL-8 from human airway epithelial cells. Furthermore, macrolides might have therapeutic potential in regulating periodontal pathogen-induced neutrophilic inflammation in the lungs.