bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends in the Use of Augmented Reality from Tangible Interfaces in School Learning : A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Indrawan I Putu Eka , Agustini Ketut , Dantes Gede Rasben , Sudhata I Gde Wawan
Published: July 2024

This study aims to analyze trends in the use of augmented reality from tangible interfaces in the context of formal and informal education. This study employed a systematic literature review (SLR) method adapted from the PRISMA model. This research used the Publish or Perish application to search for various relevant scientific articles taken from international journals, Scopus, with a range of 2019-2023. The data analysis technique for this research used thematic analysis. The development of AR media showed significant improvement, especially in the aspect of increasingly realistic and diverse user interfaces, enabling closer integration with the curriculum and presenting more engaging learning experiences. The interactive and collaborative features of AR applications showed great potential for enhancing student interaction with learning materials through immersive and interactive visual experiences. In addition, such collaborative features could also facilitate cooperation between students, creating a more dynamic and effective learning environment in schools. This research emphasized the importance of using appropriate research methods to deepen the understanding of the development of AR media in education and the potential of AR applications in creating more interactive and collaborative learning experiences in school environments.
Bridging the Gap : Aligning Teachers’ Pedagogical Beliefs with Learners’ Preferences of English Language Learning in The Adaptive Learning Era
Authors: Assis Hornay Priscilla Maria , Talok Damianus , Erom Kletus
Published: July 2024

This study aims to investigate the differing viewpoints of teachers and students regarding classroom participation, material delivery, teaching media, and assessment methods in the adaptive learning era. The study employs quantitative method, which involves the systematic collection and analysis of numerical data through statistical techniques. This study includes 10 teachers and 50 EFL undergraduate students from two universities in Indonesia, using a Likert scale questionnaire to collect data on various aspects of English language learning. The data were analysed using a t-test to find the mean, standards deviation, and p value of the responses in order to ascertained significant differences between the teachers and the students. The results reveal significant disparities between teachers' and students' perceptions across different dimensions of learning. While teachers prioritize delivery strategies and assessment methods, students focus more on delivery modes and traditional assessment types. However, both groups acknowledge the importance of autonomous learning and the effectiveness of diverse teaching media in enhancing engagement and motivation. The findings underscore the need for a balanced approach to learning that integrates both teacher preferences and student needs. Ultimately, understanding and addressing these discrepancies is essential for promoting meaningful and inclusive educational experiences in the adaptive learning era.
RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE HEAD OF THE STATE BORDER GUARD UNIT ON THE ORGANIZATION OF COMBATING ENEMY SABOTAGE AND RECONNAISSANCE GROUPS
Authors: Baratiuk Vasyl ,   Bohdan Khmelnytskyi National Academy of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, Lazorenko Oleksandr , Korchev Volodymyr ,   Bohdan Khmelnytskyi National Academy of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine,   Bohdan Khmelnytskyi National Academy of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine
Published: July 2024

The scientific article, based on the analysis of the actions of the enemy's subversive reconnaissance groups and the combat experience of the border units in their destruction, summarizes the purpose, objects and capabilities of the state border guard unit in relation to the organization of the fight against the enemy's DRGs. The content of the work of the head of the border unit regarding the organization of actions of the border unit regarding the search for the enemy's DRG has been specified and revealed. Based on the experience of actions of the PRYKZ, tactical role-playing games, practical comprehensive practical classes, a variant of the content of the work of the head of the border unit is proposed. A feature of the developed recommendations is their practical orientation. They are intended for the heads of border units, in the areas of responsibility of which crisis situations may arise. Taking into account the developed recommendations will avoid erroneous decisions, rationally prepare the unit for actions, and also improve the efficiency of the work of the relevant managers.
PROBLEM ISSUES OF TRAINING SPECIALISTS OF THE COMMANDING AND HEADQUARTERS STAFF OFFICERS OF TACTICAL LEVEL UNITS OF THE NATIONAL GUARD OF UKRAINE IN THE PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEM
Authors: Bielai Serhii ,   The National academy of hte National Guard of Ukraine, Mynko Oleksandr ,   National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine
Published: July 2024

The author analyzes a number of scientific publications on the impact of modern technologies on the course of the main types of combat, taking into consideration the current experience of combat and military operations during the Russian-Ukrainian war. Trends in the tactics of using tactical level units on the battlefield are outlined. The latest program article of the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is analyzed. Conclusions are drawn and directions of scientific and theoretical development of tactics of using the National Guard of Ukraine units on the modern battlefield are determined. Proposals are made for obligated implementation into the educational process of military educational institutions the study about the impact of modern technological means of armed struggle on the tactics of using the National Guard of Ukraine.
One-year Clinical Outcome of Topical Bromfenac in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Authors: Kwon Mi Sun , Kim Yu Min , Kim Jin Young , Do Jae Rock , Kang Yong Koo , Park Dong Ho
Published: July 2024

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of topical bromfenac in treating central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) over a 1-year period.Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 57 patients (57 eyes) with CSC followed for > 1 year. Patients were divided into two groups: those treated with bromfenac eye drops twice daily (29 eyes) and a control group (28 eyes). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and subretinal fluid (SRF) height were measured and compared between the two groups as was the proportion of chronic cases.Results: Significant improvements in CMT and SRF height were noted in both groups over the follow-up period. The bromfenac group demonstrated significantly lower CMT at 6, 9, and 12 months (p = 0.045, 0.042, and 0.023, respectively) and lower SRF height (p = 0.037, 0.048, and 0.046, respectively) compared to the control group. The proportion of chronic cases was significantly lower in the bromfenac group (17.2%) compared to the control group (42.9%, p = 0.035).Conclusions: Topical bromfenac reduced the rate of progression to chronic CSC and showed significant anatomical improvements after 6 months, suggesting its potential as an effective treatment option.
DECISION-MAKING OF DEVELOPERS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC ENVIRONMENT
Authors: OULEHLA JIŘÍ , HORNUNGOVÁ JANA , MELUZÍN TOMÁŠ
Published: July 2024

The research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the aspects that enter into the decision-making process of developers in the field of residential construction in the Czech Republic. To ensure the representativeness of a diverse range of companies active in the real estate market, a suitable group of respondents was carefully selected. The survey provided a sufficiently representative sample, based on which the key factors influencing the decision-making in the implementation of development projects were identified. The research found that developers primarily focus on seeking profitable opportunities, and their decision-making process is predominantly aimed at achieving financial gain. In this decision-making, they also consider other factors, such as mortgage interest rates, the quality of newly built homes with an emphasis on energy efficiency, and the use of modern technologies.
Fast-track Implementing Experience in the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Ysmaiylov K. , Tashiev K. , Abdiraimuulu S. , Abdyldaev T.
Published: July 2024

Fast Track Pathways (FTP) aimed at reducing length of stay and overall costs are increasingly being implemented for emergency surgeries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the implementation of a FTP for emergency general surgery at the Osh State University Clinical Hospital (OSU CH). The study included 98 patients at OSU CH from 2020 to 2023 who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy (LA), laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), or laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (LI). The FTP group comprised 71 patients, with data from 76 control cases assessed prior to FTP implementation. Comparisons were made between time to surgery (TTS), length of stay (LOS), and total length of stay between groups. Direct costs, reimbursements, and patient satisfaction (rated from 1 = never to 4 = always) were also evaluated. The sample comprised 60.6% females with a median age of 40 years. Case distribution varied slightly (56.2% vs 42.1% for LA, 40.4% vs 57.9% for LC, FTP vs control), yet time to surgery was similar between groups (11 hours 39 minutes vs 10 hours 2 minutes, P = 0.633). Postoperative LOS was significantly shorter in the FTP group (15 hours 17 minutes vs 29 hours 9 minutes, P < 0.001), reflecting reduced hospital stay (3 hours 11 minutes vs 20 hours 10 minutes, P < 0.001), with fewer patients requiring inpatient beds and overnight stays (P < 0.001). Direct costs were significantly reduced in the FTP group, while reimbursements were comparable (P < 0.001 and P = 0.999, respectively), and average patient satisfaction was high (3.3/4). In an era of cost reduction, resource optimization, and patient satisfaction, FTP can play a significant role in emergency hospitalization. At OSU CH, FTP significantly reduced hospital stay and bed utilization without impacting reimbursements or patient satisfaction.
Faire is the Heaven: Action and Utopia in Simone de Beauvoir’s Pyrrhus et Cinéas
Authors: Chesworth Thomas
Published: July 2024

This article argues that Simone de Beauvoir’s early essay Pyrrhus et Cinéas (1944) can be read as an articulation of a critically utopian ethics. It suggests that the ontology of action developed in Pyrrhus et Cinéas is an early case of Beauvoir’s critical engagement with Hegel and, in particular, the Kojèvian reading popular among her existentialist contemporaries. Unlike Kojève, whose Marxist reading of Hegel suggested that he was theorising a teleological model of History, Beauvoir develops a critique of utopian models of History wherein freedom is an ultimate finality, arguing instead that freedom is to be found in action, and thus must be persistently renewed. This article closes by suggesting that the existential ethics Beauvoir develops from this model of freedom implies an account of utopia which is critical of orthodox socialist philosophies of history.
Civic Education Content (Alone) Does Not Improve Ethnic Tolerance
Authors: Siow Jeremy
Published: July 2024

Does civic education improve ethnic tolerance? Existing literature suggests that civic education promotes ethnic tolerance by teaching respect for diversity and fostering a shared national identity among different ethnic groups. I test this claim through an investigation of a reform in Singapore that quasi-randomly assigned students to a new civic education course, and a cross-national analysis of the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) data. Both studies reveal no significant improvement in ethnic tolerance among those exposed to civic education. One potential explanation is that the effectiveness of civic education depends on the degree of classroom openness. A reexamination of the Singapore case and ICCS data supports this revised hypothesis: civic education improves ethnic tolerance in open classroom settings, while its effects are negligible in restrictive environments. These results underscore the pivotal role of classroom pedagogy in amplifying the positive impact of civic education on ethnic tolerance.
The Extent of Gender Sensitivity in the Language of the Discussion Papers Produced by King Abdullah II ibn Al-Hussein: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Jaradat Muneera Mohammad
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the extent of gender sensitivity in the language of the Seven Discussion Papers (DPs) produced by Jordan’s King Abdullah II ibn Al Hussein (KAII). The DPs came as a series of papers directed to Jordanians to lay down the KAII’s vision of achieving a comprehensive reform in Jordan. In this study, gender sensitivity is determined by the extent to which men and women are addressed equally in the language of the DPs. The study employs the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) approach. In implementing the qualitative content analysis methodology, the findings show that KAII employed several linguistic strategies that were instrumental in producing a highly gender-sensitive language. These are the strategy of referring to both men and women simultaneously, the strategy of using inclusive terms, the strategy of using gender-neutral terms, and the strategy of using examples including both men and women. a gender perspective, the study found that the language used in the DPs differs from that used in the prevailing political discourse. The findings imply that Arabic, which is generally labelled as a gendered language, can be gender-sensitive if its users have the right attitudes and the right linguistic strategies to change the existing prevailing norms.
Islamic Business Ethics in Online Commerce: A Perspective from Maqashid Shariah by Imam Haramain
Authors: Albar Kholid , Abubakar Achmad , Arsyad Aisyah
Published: July 2024

This research aims to understand the maslahah principle in the maqashid sharia concept, which is used as a basis for making laws for justice and prosperity, and how this principle is applied in Islamic economics and business. This research uses a qualitative approach with data analysis techniques such as field notes to conclude. This research tool measures events and collects data based on information from the parties involved (sellers and buyers). The data collected is based on observations of consumers and sellers' followers. The research results show that in online buying and selling transaction activities, it is essential to pay attention to the principles of justice in order to avoid things that can harm other parties and can be held accountable. In this case, the mu'amalah relationship that is the main thing in transactions in online buying and selling is the contract and "an taroodhin". According to Imam al-Juwainy, the implementation of maqashid sharia in online buying and selling transactions in the marketplace has been fulfilled. However, several other minor aspects still need to be fulfilled, such as protecting assets, both for the seller and the buyer.
Tracing the Infiltration of Jama’ah Tabligh Ideology During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Living Tafsir Study
Authors: Fathony Alvan , Alwi Bashori , Alwi Bashori
Published: July 2024

satu
Diagnosing new-onset asthma in a paediatric clinical trial setting in school-age children
Authors: Roberts Graham , Valovirta Erkka , Halken Susanne , Eng Peter A. , Mäkelä Mika J. , Lødrup Carlsen Karin C. , Knecht Roland , Malmberg L. Pekka
Published: July 2024

Asthma is a common chronic disease in children. It is a dynamic condition—symptoms change over time, and the outcome of diagnostic tests can vary. Consequently, evaluating the onset of asthma at a single point in time, perhaps when patients are asymptomatic with limited impairment of the lung function, may result in false diagnostic conclusions. The absence of consistent gold-standard diagnostic criteria in children challenges the ability of any study to ascertain an effect of treatment on asthma prevention. A comprehensive review of the diagnostic criteria used for new-onset asthma in school-age children was conducted based on existing recommendations from published clinical guidance, alongside evidence from paediatric asthma prevention trials. Findings from the review were used to propose suggestions for diagnosing new-onset asthma in future asthma prevention trials. Despite an overall lack of consensus in the published clinical guidance, there are similarities between the various recommendations for diagnosing asthma in children, which typically involve assessing the variable symptoms and supplementing the medical history with objective measures of lung function. For future paediatric asthma prevention trials, we suggest that paediatric clinical trials should use a new-onset asthma definition that incorporates the concepts of “possible”, “probable” and “confirmed” asthma. “Possible” asthma would capture self-reported features of chronic symptoms and symptom relief with β2-agonist bronchodilator (suggesting reversibility). “Probable” asthma would include symptom chronicity, self-reported symptom relief with β2-agonist bronchodilator, and objective features of asthma (reversibility or bronchial hyper-responsiveness). A “confirmed” diagnosis would be made only if there is a positive response to controller therapy. These suggestions aim to improve the diagnosis of new-onset childhood asthma in clinical trials, which will be useful in the design and conduct of future paediatric asthma prevention trials.
Tunable gelatin methacrylate polyethylene glycol diacrylate hydrogels for cell mechanosensing applications
Authors: Ferchichi Eya , Stealey Samuel , Bogert Paige , Zustiak Silviya Petrova
Published: July 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) tissue-engineered scaffolds mimic the physiological environment of cells by providing essential structural support, biochemical cues, and the mechanical strength needed for cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Hydrogels like polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) are commonly used biomaterials for cell culture due to their affordability, tunable stiffness, and ability to efficiently transport nutrients and gases. However, PEGDA lacks cell adhesion sites essential for cell proliferation and migration and has limited degradability. Methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) produced from denatured bovine collagen, crosslinks under ultraviolet light (UV) resulting in a degradable hydrogel with cell adhesion sites. Here, we synthesized GelMA with variable degree of methacrylation and crosslinked it with PEGDA to produce cell scaffolds with independently tunable mechanical and biochemical properties by varying the ratios of the two polymers. We determined polymer ratios that resulted in scaffolds with different mechanical properties but the same gelatin concentrations (providing cell adhesion and degradation sites) as well as different gelatin concentrations but the same mechanical properties. With the developed scaffold library, we further used a design of experiments approach to probe the parameter space and perform detailed analysis on chemical composition-scaffold properties as well as scaffold properties-cell behavior correlations. Our findings showed that hydrogel properties such as modulus, swelling, pore size, and permeability, strongly depended on total polymer concentration and not on the GelMA fraction. GelMA significantly influenced cell spreading, while addition of any amount of PEGDA delayed cell spreading significantly. We suggest that such analysis will broaden the utility of the GelMA/PEGDA hydrogels, presenting a versatile platform for mechanosensing research in 3D environments.
Study on the intervention effect of HCH integrated SMG health management model on community high-risk group of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Du Rui , Ma Kaifang , Li Yanru , Tian Jin , Li Mengkun , Zhao Chenxi , Wang Jing
Published: July 2024

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the integration of the Hospital-Community-Home (HCH) model with the Self-Mutual-Group (SMG) health management model for high-risk populations with cardiovascular disease in the Yuhua community of Shijiazhuang city. The study focused on implementing care interventions (HCH, SMG) with a specific emphasis on SMG to promote beneficial views/behaviors, enhance self-efficacy/agency, and address detrimental determinants of health, ultimately leading to durable changes and healthier lifestyles. Comparing the HCH model with the combined SMG model helps to comprehensively assess the strengths and weaknesses of different health management approaches. This comparison contributes to theoretical innovation and practical development in the field of health management, as well as improving patients' health outcomes and quality of life.

Methods

This study employed a quasi-experimental design. Using stratified sampling, individuals who underwent health examinations in Community A and Community B from Shijiazhuang city between May 2023 and August 2023 were randomly selected. After informing the participants about the study and obtaining informed consent via telephone, high-risk patients with cardiovascular disease were screened based on their medical examination reports. Data on lifestyle behaviors, self-efficacy, medical responses, quality of life, and readmission rates were collected and compared before and after the intervention.

Results

A total of 526 eligible participants were included, with 241 in the control group and 285 in the study group. After the intervention, there was no significant change in the proportions of smokers, alcohol consumers, and individuals engaging in leisure exercises in the control group. However, in the study group, the proportions of smokers and alcohol consumers significantly decreased, while the proportion of individuals engaging in leisure exercises significantly increased. After the intervention, both the study group and the control group showed significant increases in scores on the General Self-Efficacy Scale—Schwarzer (GSES) and the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ), with the study group scoring significantly higher than the control group. Avoidance and surrender scores significantly increased after the intervention, with the study group scoring significantly lower than the control group. Confrontation scores significantly increased after the intervention, with the study group scoring significantly higher than the control group. During the follow-up period, the study group had a significantly lower readmission rate than the control group.

Conclusion

The integration of HCH with SMG health management model can significantly improve lifestyle behaviors, optimize medical responses, enhance self-efficacy and quality of life, and significantly reduce readmission rates among high-risk populations with cardiovascular disease.
Risk cycling in diabetes and autism spectrum disorder: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yu Yunfeng , Yang Xinyu , Hu Gang , Tong Keke , Wu Jingyi , Yu Rong
Published: July 2024

Objective

The relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains controversial. This study aimed to analyze the causal relationship between different types of DM and ASD by bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods

Single nucleotide polymorphisms for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and ASD were obtained from genome-wide association studies. Subsequently, inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, and weighted median were used to test the exposure-outcome causality. Finally, MR-Egger’s intercept, Cochran’s Q, and leave-one-out method were used to assess horizontal pleiotropy, heterogeneity, and sensitivity of the results, respectively.

Results

The positive analysis showed that T2DM was associated with an increased risk of ASD, whereas neither T1DM nor GDM was associated with the risk of ASD. The reverse analysis showed that ASD was associated with an increased risk of T2DM, while it was not associated with the risk of either T1DM or GDM. MR-Egger intercept showed no horizontal pleiotropy (p > 0.05) for these results. Cochran’s Q showed no heterogeneity expect for the results of T1DM on the risk of ASD, and leave-one-out sensitivity analysis showed these results were robust.

Conclusion

This MR analysis suggests that T2DM and ASD are reciprocal risk factors and that they may create an intergenerational risk cycling in female patients. Aggressive prevention and treatment of T2DM and ASD help to break the trap of this risk cycling. Additionally, this study does not support a causal relationship between T1DM and ASD, as well as GDM and ASD. And more studies are needed in the future to continue to explore the interactions and underlying mechanisms between different types of DM and ASD.
Gut microbiota profiling reflects the renal dysfunction and psychological distress in patients with diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Li Qi , Xie Suyi , Liu Yali , Yue Wei , Wang Limin , Liang Yi , Chen Yan , Yuan Huijuan , Yu Jiawei
Published: July 2024

Background

The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the development of diabetes and kidney disease. However, it is not clear how the intestinal microecological imbalance is involved in the context of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), the leading cause of renal failure.

Objectives

To elucidate the gut microbial signatures associated with DKD progression towards end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and explore whether they could reflect renal dysfunction and psychological distress.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the gut microbial signatures of 29 DKD non-ESRD patients and 19 DKD ESRD patients compared to 20 healthy controls. Differential analysis was performed to detect distinct gut microbial alterations in diversities and taxon abundance of DKD with and without ESRD. Renal dysfunction was estimated by urea, creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Psychological distress was assessed using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.

Results

Alpha diversity indexes were reduced in DKD patients, particularly those with ESRD. Beta diversity analysis revealed that the gut microbial compositions of DKD patients were different with healthy individuals whereas similar compositions were observed in DKD patients. Taxon differential analysis showed that when compared with the controls, DKD patients exhibit distinct microbial profiles including reduced abundances of butyrate-produced, anti-inflammatory bacteria Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Roseburia Lachnoclostridium, and increased abundances of pro-inflammatory bacteria Collinsella, Streptococcus etc. These distinctive genera presented consistent associations with renal dysfunction, as well as psychological distress, especially in DKD patients.

Conclusions

DKD patients, especially those who have progressed to ESRD, exhibit unique characteristics in their gut microbiota that are associated with both renal dysfunction and psychological distress. The gut microbiota may be a significant factor in the deterioration of DKD and its eventual progression to ESRD.
Decreased serum levels of 25-OH vitamin D and vitamin K in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yang Ling
Published: July 2024

Background

Insulin resistance and/or insulin secretion dysfunction are crucial causes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although some studies have suggested potential roles for vitamins D and K in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, there is limited and inconclusive research on their levels in T2DM patients and their relationship with blood glucose levels and insulin resistance. Additionally, there is a lack of large-scale clinical trials and comprehensive studies investigating the combined effects of vitamins D and K on T2DM.

Methods

A total of 195 participants with newly diagnosed T2DM were included in the research group, while 180 volunteers undergoing physical examinations in our hospital served as the control group. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was estimated using the glucose-oxidase technique, and fasting serum insulin (FINS) was evaluated by radioimmunoassay. FPG and FINS were used to calculate the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Serum vitamin D levels were measured using 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and vitamin K levels were evaluated using phylloquinone (VK1) and menaquinone (VK2) via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the predictive value of these vitamins for T2DM.

Results

Circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25.95 ± 10.42 ng/mL), VK1 (1.24 ± 0.89 ng/mL), and VK2 (0.2 ± 0.21 ng/mL) in T2DM patients were significantly lower than in the control group (37.46 ± 13.95 ng/mL for 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1.99 ± 1.39 ng/mL for VK1, and 0.33 ± 0.22 ng/mL for VK2; p<0.001 for all comparisons). ROC analysis indicated that 25-hydroxyvitamin D, VK1, and VK2 could predict the occurrence of T2DM, with AUC values of 0.75, 0.69, and 0.71, respectively. In T2DM patients, 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were positively correlated with VK1 (r=0.43, p<0.001) and VK2 (r=0.40, p<0.001) levels. FPG and HOMA-IR in T2DM patients were negatively correlated with circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (r=-0.57, p<0.001), VK1 (r=-0.44, p<0.001), and VK2 (r=-0.36, p<0.001).

Conclusion

Circulating levels of vitamins D and K are lower in T2DM patients and show significant correlations with blood glucose levels and insulin resistance. These findings suggest that measurements of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, VK1, and VK2 could have predictive value for T2DM, highlighting the potential roles of these vitamins in T2DM management.
Microbiota-bone axis in ageing-related bone diseases
Authors: Fu Liangxuan , Zhang Peilin , Wang Yicheng , Liu Xiaonan
Published: July 2024

Bone homeostasis in physiology depends on the balance between bone formation and resorption, and in pathology, this homeostasis is susceptible to disruption by different influences, especially under ageing condition. Gut microbiota has been recognized as a crucial factor in regulating host health. Numerous studies have demonstrated a significant association between gut microbiota and bone metabolism through host-microbiota crosstalk, and gut microbiota is even an important factor in the pathogenesis of bone metabolism-related diseases that cannot be ignored. This review explores the interplay between gut microbiota and bone metabolism, focusing on the roles of gut microbiota in bone ageing and aging-related bone diseases, including osteoporosis, fragility fracture repair, osteoarthritis, and spinal degeneration from different perspectives. The impact of gut microbiota on bone metabolism during aging through modification of endocrinology system, immune system and gut microbiota metabolites are summarized, facilitating a better grasp of the pathogenesis of aging-related bone metabolic diseases. This review offers innovative insights into targeting the gut microbiota for the treatment of bone ageing-related diseases as a clinical therapeutic strategy.
When overextended surface allocation turns to groundwater: a Q methodology of well users in Oregon’s high desert
Authors: Haeffner Melissa , Cowal Janet , Walker Brandy , McClellan Clare
Published: July 2024

As legal battles over surface water allocation in Klamath County, Oregon, USA have gained national attention, earning the name “Water Wars,” authorities have been increasingly turning to groundwater to compensate for water shortfalls. This case study aims to identify the nuanced perspectives of household groundwater well users who are affected by groundwater extraction. Using Q methodology, we uncover groundwater well users’ perceptions and to what extent they think water problems are dealt with fairly. We identify four water perspectives that differ in the degree to which respondents prioritize clean water accessibility, industry accountability, individual responsibility for water management, and trust in governments to manage water competently. This research contributes to the growing body of literature reshaping our understanding of human-water relations by exploring different water axiologies.
Can urbanization improve carbon performance?
Authors: Jianmin Zhang , Yang Yang , Jingyuan Huang , Xiaoxuan Kao
Published: July 2024

Cities are the core carriers and key positions to achieve the dual carbon goals. It is of great significance to explore whether promoting urbanization can improve carbon emission performance, which is of great significance to comprehensively promote the goal of carbon neutrality. Based on the panel data from 2006 to 2021, this paper analyzes the spatial autocorrelation of carbon emission performance per unit space and the impact mechanism of urbanization process on it. The fixed-effect model was further used to identify the influencing factors of spatial carbon emission performance. The results show that: 1) China’s carbon emission performance per unit space is declining year by year. 2) There is a strong positive spatial correlation and stable path dependence on the performance of carbon emissions per unit space in each region. 3) To a certain extent, increasing the level of urbanization will reduce the carbon emission performance per unit space. 4) The urbanization process has a spatial spillover effect on the carbon emission performance per unit space of surrounding provinces, and the spatial spillover effect of industrial structure and energy consumption structure is more obvious than that of economic level, population density and urbanization rate. Based on the conclusions, this paper puts forward specific policy suggestions to reduce the carbon emission performance per unit space to help the low-carbon development of cities.
Using metabolic abnormalities of carriers in the neonatal period to evaluate the pathogenicity of variants of uncertain significance in methylmalonic acidemia
Authors: Xiao Dongfan , Shi Congcong , Zhang Yinchun , Li Sitao , Ye Yuhao , Yuan Guilong , Miu Taohan , Ma Haiyan , Diao Shiguang , Su Chaoyun , Li Zhitao , Li Haiyan , Zhuang Guiying , Wang Yuanli , Lu Feiyan , Gu Xia , Zhou Wei , Xiao Xin , Huang Weiben , Wei Tao , Hao Hu
Published: July 2024

Objective

To accurately verify the pathogenicity of variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in MUT and MMACHC genes through mass spectrometry and silico analysis.

Methods

This multicenter retrospective study included 35 participating units (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT06183138). A total of 3,071 newborns (within 7 days of birth) were sorted into carrying pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants and carrying VUS, non-variant groups. Differences in metabolites among the groups were calculated using statistical analyses. Changes in conservatism, free energy, and interaction force of MMUT and MMACHC variants were analyzed using silico analysis.

Results

The percentage of those carrying VUS cases was 68.15% (659/967). In the MMUT gene variant, we found that C3, C3/C2, and C3/C0 levels in those carrying the P/LP variant group were higher than those in the non-variant group (p < 0.000). The conservative scores of those carrying the P/LP variant group were >7. C3, C3/C0, and C3/C2 values of newborns carrying VUS (c.1159A>C and c.1286A>G) were significantly higher than those of the non-variant group and the remaining VUS newborns (p < 0.005). The conservative scores of c.1159A>C and c.1286A>G calculated by ConSurf analysis were 9 and 7, respectively. Unfortunately, three MMA patients with c.1159A>C died during the neonatal period; their C3, C3/C0, C3/C2, and MMA levels were significantly higher than those of the controls.

Conclusion

Common variants of methylmalonic acidemia in the study population were categorized as VUS. In the neonatal period, the metabolic biomarkers of those carrying the P/LP variant group of the MUT gene were significantly higher than those in the non-variant group. If the metabolic biomarkers of those carrying VUS are also significantly increased, combined with silico analysis the VUS may be elevated to a likely pathogenic variant. The results also suggest that mass spectrometry and silico analysis may be feasible screening methods for verifying the pathogenicity of VUS in other inherited metabolic diseases.
MGPPI: multiscale graph neural networks for explainable protein–protein interaction prediction
Authors: Zhao Shiwei , Cui Zhenyu , Zhang Gonglei , Gong Yanlong , Su Lingtao
Published: July 2024

Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs) involves in various biological processes, which are of significant importance in cancer diagnosis and drug development. Computational based PPI prediction methods are more preferred due to their low cost and high accuracy. However, existing protein structure based methods are insufficient in the extraction of protein structural information. Furthermore, most methods are less interpretable, which hinder their practical application in the biomedical field. In this paper, we propose MGPPI, which is a Multiscale graph convolutional neural network model for PPI prediction. By incorporating multiscale module into the Graph Neural Network (GNN) and constructing multi convolutional layers, MGPPI can effectively capture both local and global protein structure information. For model interpretability, we introduce a novel visual explanation method named Gradient Weighted interaction Activation Mapping (Grad-WAM), which can highlight key binding residue sites. We evaluate the performance of MGPPI by comparing with state-of-the-arts methods on various datasets. Results shows that MGPPI outperforms other methods significantly and exhibits strong generalization capabilities on the multi-species dataset. As a practical case study, we predicted the binding affinity between the spike (S) protein of SARS-COV-2 and the human ACE2 receptor protein, and successfully identified key binding sites with known binding functions. Key binding sites mutation in PPIs can affect cancer patient survival statues. Therefore, we further verified Grad-WAM highlighted residue sites in separating patients survival groups in several different cancer type datasets. According to our results, some of the highlighted residues can be used as biomarkers in predicting patients survival probability. All these results together demonstrate the high accuracy and practical application value of MGPPI. Our method not only addresses the limitations of existing approaches but also can assists researchers in identifying crucial drug targets and help guide personalized cancer treatment.
Gut microbiota linked to hydrocephalus through inflammatory factors: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Shen Yingjie , Li Changyu , Zhang Xi , Wang Yaolou , Zhang Haopeng , Yu Zhao , Gui Binbin , Hu Renjie , Li Qi , Gao Aili , Liang Hongsheng
Published: July 2024

Background

The gut microbiota (GM) has been implicated in neurological disorders, but the relationship with hydrocephalus, especially the underlying mechanistic pathways, is unclear. Using Mendelian randomization (MR), we aim to discover the mediating role of inflammatory factors in the relationship between GM and hydrocephalus.

Methods

After removing confounders, univariable and multivariable MR analyses were performed using summary statistics to assess the causal relationships between GM, inflammatory factors (IL-17A and IL-27), and types of hydrocephalus. Meta-analyses were used to reconcile the differences in MR results between different hydrocephalus sources. Finally, mediator MR analyses were applied to determine the mediating effect of inflammatory factors. Various sensitivity analysis methods were employed to ensure the reliability and stability of the results.

Results

After correction for P-values, Firmicutes (phylum) (OR, 0.34; 95%CI, 0.17–0.69; P = 2.71E-03, PFDR = 2.44E-02) significantly reduced the risk of obstructive hydrocephalus. The remaining 18 different taxa of GM had potential causal relationships for different types of hydrocephalus. In addition, Firmicutes (phylum) decreased the risk of obstructive hydrocephalus by increasing levels of IL-17A (mediating effect = 21.01%), while Eubacterium ruminantium group (genus) increased the risk of normal-pressure hydrocephalus by decreasing levels of IL-27 (mediating effect = 7.48%).

Conclusion

We reveal the connection between GM, inflammatory factors (IL-17A and IL-27), and hydrocephalus, which lays the foundation for unraveling the mechanism between GM and hydrocephalus.
Lipopolysaccharide-responsive beige-like anchor is involved in regulating NF-κB activation in B cells
Authors: Pérez-Pérez Daniela , Fuentes-Pananá Ezequiel M. , Flores-Hermenegildo José Mizael , Romero-Ramirez Hector , Santos-Argumedo Leopoldo , Kilimann Manfred W. , Rodríguez-Alba Juan Carlos , Lopez-Herrera Gabriela
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Lipopolysaccharide-responsive and beige-like anchor (LRBA) is a scaffolding protein that interacts with proteins such as CTLA-4 and PKA, the importance of which has been determined in various cell types, including T regulatory cells, B cells, and renal cells. LRBA deficiency is associated with an inborn error in immunity characterized by immunodeficiency and autoimmunity. In addition to defects in T regulatory cells, patients with LRBA deficiency also exhibit B cell defects, such as reduced cell number, low memory B cells, hypogammaglobulinemia, impaired B cell proliferation, and increased autophagy. Although Lrba-/- mice do not exhibit the immunodeficiency observed in humans, responses to B cell receptors (BCR) in B cells have not been explored. Therefore, a murine model is for elucidating the mechanism of Lrba mechanism in B cells.

Aim

To compare and evaluate spleen-derived B cell responses to BCR crosslinking in C57BL6 Lrba-/- and Lrba+/+ mice.

Materials and methods

Spleen-derived B cells were obtained from 8 to 12-week-old mice. Subpopulations were determined by immunostaining and flow cytometry. BCR crosslinking was assessed by the F(ab’)2 anti-μ chain. Activation, proliferation and viability assays were performed using flow cytometry and protein phosphorylation was evaluated by immunoblotting. The nuclear localization of p65 was determined using confocal microscopy. Nur77 expression was evaluated by Western blot.

Results

Lrba-/- B cells showed an activated phenotype and a decreased proportion of transitional 1 B cells, and both proliferation and survival were affected after BCR crosslinking in the Lrba-/- mice. The NF-κB pathway exhibited a basal activation status of several components, resulting in increased activation of p50, p65, and IκBα, basal p50 activation was reduced by the Plcγ2 inhibitor U73122. BCR crosslinking in Lrba-/- B cells resulted in poor p50 phosphorylation and p65 nuclear localization. Increased levels of Nur77 were detected.

Discussion

These results indicate the importance of Lrba in controlling NF-κB activation driven by BCR. Basal activation of NF-κB could impact cellular processes, such as, activation, differentiation, proliferation, and maintenance of B cells after antigen encounter.
A rare presentation of acute-onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy with the detection of anti-GM3 and anti-sulfatides antibodies: a case report
Authors: Sun Ruohan , Meng Yao , Li Lingyu , Chen Wei-hong , Xu Jing , Lv Peiyuan , Dong Yanhong
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is an acquired immune-mediated neuropathy defined by clinical progression for more than 2 months. 16-20% of CIDP patients may present with rapidly progressive weakness that resembles GBS, known as acute-onset CIDP (A-CIDP). However, it is challenging to distinguish from GBS-TRF because of their similar clinical symptom and features. In this case review, we report a patient with A-CIDP with the detection of anti-GM3 and anti-sulfatides antibodies, which rarely have been in A-CIDP and may account for her progressive and recurrent symptoms.

Methods

We analyzed existing medical literature and described a clinical case of A-CIDP with antibodies positive.

Results

We reported a 56-year-old female presented with bilateral lower extremity weakness and distal numbness. She experienced similar symptoms four times and responded well to the IVIg therapy. Lumbar puncture demonstrated albumin-cytologic dissociation and EDX examination revealed multiple peripheral nerve damage. After ruling out other demyelination diseases, a diagnosis of A-CIDP was made.

Discussion

The antiganglioside and anti-sulfatide antibodies are involved in CIDP pathogenesis and can help to distinguish A-CIDP and other variants. To prevent secondary damage, it is important to monitor relapse and remission symptoms along the treatment line. A rare case of A-CIDP is discussed concerning the detection of anti-GM3 and anti-sulfatides antibodies, thus making a retrospective comparison of antibodies in some literature to understand A-CIDP better.
A combined radio-immunotherapy regimen eradicates late-stage tumors in mice
Authors: Rakhmilevich Alexander L. , Tsarovsky Noah W. , Felder Mildred , Zaborek Jen , Moram Sritha , Erbe Amy K. , Pieper Alexander A. , Spiegelman Dan V. , Cheng Emily M. , Witt Cole M. , Overwijk Willem W. , Morris Zachary S. , Sondel Paul M.
Published: July 2024

Background

The majority of experimental approaches for cancer immunotherapy are tested against relatively small tumors in tumor-bearing mice, because in most cases advanced cancers are resistant to the treatments. In this study, we asked if even late-stage mouse tumors can be eradicated by a rationally designed combined radio-immunotherapy (CRI) regimen.

Methods

CRI consisted of local radiotherapy, intratumoral IL-12, slow-release systemic IL-2 and anti- CTLA-4 antibody. Therapeutic effects of CRI against several weakly immunogenic and immunogenic mouse tumors including B78 melanoma, MC38 and CT26 colon carcinomas and 9464D neuroblastoma were evaluated. Immune cell depletion and flow cytometric analysis were performed to determine the mechanisms of the antitumor effects.

Results

Tumors with volumes of 2,000 mm3 or larger were eradicated by CRI. Flow analyses of the tumors revealed reduction of T regulatory (Treg) cells and increase of CD8/Treg ratios following CRI. Rapid shrinkage of the treated tumors did not require T cells, whereas T cells were involved in the systemic effect against the distant tumors. Cured mice developed immunological memory.

Conclusions

These findings underscore that rationally designed combination immunotherapy regimens can be effective even against large, late-stage tumors.
Regulation of immune cells by miR-451 and its potential as a biomarker in immune-related disorders: a mini review
Authors: Wang Fei-xiang , Shi Zu-an , Mu Guo
Published: July 2024

In 2005, Altuvia and colleagues were the first to identify the gene that encodes miR-451 in the human pituitary gland, located in chromosome region 17q11.2. Subsequent studies have confirmed that miR-451 regulates various immune cells, including T cells, B cells, microglia, macrophages, and neutrophils, thereby influencing disease progression. The range of immune-related diseases affected encompasses various cancers, lymphoblastic leukemia, and injuries to the lungs and spinal cord, among others. Moreover, miR-451 is produced by immune cells and can regulate both their own functions and those of other immune cells, thus creating a regulatory feedback loop. This article aims to comprehensively review the interactions between miR-451 and immune cells, clarify the regulatory roles of miR-451 within the immune system, and assess its potential as both a therapeutic target and a biomarker for immune-related diseases.