bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ensuring and assessing the sustainability of a management system of the investment and construction complex at the meso-level
Authors: Uvarova Svetlana , Myshovskaya Ludmila , Kulakov Kirill
Published: June 2018

In this paper the author suggests a methodological toolkit for assessing the sustainability of the investment and construction complex at the meso-level of management. To ensure the sustainable development of the investment and construction complex, it is necessary to maintain the effective industrial structure that ensures the achievement of social effects, assists to preserving the trend of long-term economic growth and contributes to the increase in competitiveness of domestic construction enterprises. The methodological toolkit is based on the methods of the pricing theory and is necessary for the scientific substantiation of the accepted managerial decisions at the level of industrial management, for the formation of the optimal industrial structure, and for the development of effective methods of a tax policy. Practical implementation of methodological developments, conducted through the example of the regional investment and construction complex of the Voronezh region, allowed empirically to confirm the formulated principles of planning and implementing the organizational and economic changes in the management system of the investment and construction complex to ensure its sustainable development.
Estimation of the state of the road industry of Voronezh: ways of modernization and modern methods of its development
Authors: Polovinkina Alla , Sviridova Tatyana , Kuleshova Irina
Published: June 2018

The paper is dedicated to the estimation of the state of the road economy of Voronezh up to date. The state of the Voronezh road system is analysed, statistical data are given, and the problems of the city transport system are studied. On the basis of all the data obtained, ways to solve existing problems are proposed and long-range programs for the construction of new and reconstruction in operation roads are considered. The complex of works of the improvement state of the road system planned for the near future is described in detail.
Optimal placement of maintenance facilities
Authors: Barkalov Sergei , Kurochka Pavel , Nasonova Tatiana
Published: June 2018

The article deals with the placement of service facilities and infrastructure. The most typical statements of problems are given. It is shown that the greatest difficulty is the simultaneous consideration of budget constraints and restrictions on the relative location of objects. It is shown that the application of the method of dynamic programming, in many ways can solve these problems. A heuristic algorithm for solving the problem is proposed. The issue of determining the rational number of objects intended for placement is considered. In this case, the problem reduces to determining the matching of maximum power. A heuristic algorithm is proposed that allows you to determine the required number of objects to be placed.
Methodical bases for forming the structure of management of innovative activity of large building holdings
Authors: Sizova Evgeniya , Zhutaeva Evgeniya , Gorshkov Roman , Smirnov Vitaly , Kochetkova Elena
Published: June 2018

The article considers the features of innovative activity from the standpoint of ensuring sustainable development of the construction industry, presents the features of construction that determine the objective need for innovation and the reasons for the industry's inertia towards innovations that hamper the process of transition to an innovative development path. The role of large enterprises as participants in the implementation of investment projects contributing to their most effective implementation is considered. The features of the management structure of innovation activity are justified. The factors determining the innovative management structure in holdings, considered possible variants of administrative interaction depending on the process involved in the control subjects and their functions.
Methodology for determination of the priority directions for the city's industrial development
Authors: Palatkin Ivan , Pavlov Alexander , Kudryavtsev Alexander
Published: June 2018

In the face of new global challenges, the economic and social significance of territorial problems in the Russian Federation has received a different, extremely acute meaning. The crisis and shortage of the budgets of most of the municipal formations in the country predetermine the shift of problems of ensuring sustainable development of urban areas from theory to practice. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology for determination of the priority directions for the city's industrial development. The paper analyzes the principles of sustainable development in the field of urban planning and spatial planning, outlines the mechanisms for stimulating economic growth in cities and the ways to determine the priority directions of the city's industrial development. The authors carried out a practical testing of the proposed methodology on the example of the city of Penza. Recommendations for a more complete use of the potential of the machine-building industry are developed.
Revitalization of urban areas on the basis of industrial parks
Authors: Filatov Vladimir , Yazev Grigory , Sagina Oksana
Published: June 2018

The issues of revitalization of urban areas on the basis of industrial parks at the present stage are considered in this paper. The development of a new service industry of territorial development - industrial parks – has started in Russia less than 10 years ago and gradually acquires a systemic character. The issues of revitalization of urban areas are extremely relevant for many Russian cities. In the conditions of the necessity to search for new drivers for the economic growth of cities, to improve the quality of the urban environment, to increase the efficiency of the use of urban areas, an important task of finding and elaborating of innovation models for the development of industrial zones arises. A rich experience of reforming such areas has been accumulated in the world practice.
Organization and management of mobility of building production and its distinctive features
Authors: Manukhina Lyubov , Prykina Larisa
Published: June 2018

To the special features of building production in the construction of real estate can be attributed the mobility as the ability of its elements to move over long distances in certain directions, to concentrate in necessity to be combined in the place of a construction site in the form of facilities, rational functioning under specific conditions with a capacity sufficient to ensure obtaining at a predetermined time finished product. A distinctive feature of the mobility of construction production, compared with other types of productions, is that the building object is always in the immovable state, and all the instruments of production and living labor, in a predetermined order periodically are delivered in the construction area.
Methodology for economic assessment of energy-saving solutions in the reconstruction projects of residential buildings
Authors: Politi Violetta
Published: June 2018

The paper investigates the issues of feasibility study of energy-saving measures. It is proposed to revise the traditional approach to assessing the efficiency of capital investments in the projects of reconstruction of residential facilities, aimed at implementation of energy-saving solutions. A special feature of an assessment of the efficiency of thermal modernization of buildings is the forecasting of future tariffs for energy carriers, the level of which directly depends on the macroeconomic situation both in the country and in the world, which makes the reliability of the estimate difficult. The author suggests using average forecasted tariff rates depending on the value of the discount rate, as well as the effect and payback period of costs not only for the investor, but also for the consumer of thermal energy, consisting in the amount of saving financial resources for the estimated operation period of thermal engineering measures.
Industrial clusters in St. Petersburg as a basis for development of Arctic territories
Authors: Khutieva Elena , Maizel Alexander , Vlasova Marina
Published: June 2018

The exploitation of Arctic resources is becoming now one of the most important directions of Russia’s strategic development. The coordination center for this project is St. Petersburg. The article assesses the potential of this region which forms an essential prerequisite for the effective implementation of the given work from the standpoint of the state and prospects of industrial clusters formed in its territory. The subjects of the cluster environment of St. Petersburg relevant programs of state support are divided into three categories: 2 innovative territorial clusters, 3 territorial clusters, 9 territorial clusters administered by the Center for cluster development. Specific recommendations for them are proposed on the basis of analysis of their strengths and weaknesses, as well as assessment of opportunities and threats to their development.
The Moon influence on Vertical Lines Deviations as Geodetic Instruments of Urban Territories Development
Authors: Kravchenko Yuriy
Published: June 2018

The increase in the complexity of facilities entails the requirements increasing for the accuracy of geodetic measurements and the need to revise some existing techniques for accounting of factors’ variety that affect the measurements results of urban development. Such factors include the Moon influence on the magnitude and direction of gravity. In order to determine the need for adjusting the methods of accounting for the effects of the moon on the geodetic measurements results, an assessment was made of their maximum influence on the value of the earth’s gravity force and the deviation of plumb lines. The results of a computational experiment for estimating the extreme values of the variation in the plumb lines’ deviations (up to 1 “), the oscillations of the measured exceedances (up to 0.5 mm per 100 m) and variations in the gravity (up to 5.44 × 10-5 μg / s2) are sufficient grounds for correcting existing methods of precision leveling and gravimetric measurements.
Cluster policy in conditions of innovative development of the region
Authors: Ushakova Elena , Voronina Elena , Kim Olga , Fugalevich Elena
Published: June 2018

The development of regional clusters in the Russian Federation is one of the priority conditions for increasing the competitiveness and innovativeness of the domestic economy. The article deals with the most urgent issues of formation and development of clusters in the Russian Federation. The innovative cluster policy of the Leningrad Region is considered as an example. Priority directions for the development and implementation of the regional cluster policy in the conditions of innovative development of the territories are outlined.
Change of the functional purpose of the object through urbanistic analysis
Authors: Talipova Liliia , Kosyakov Egor , Romanovich Marina , Lunyakov Mikhail
Published: June 2018

This article is devoted to changing the functional purpose of the object in an emergency condition and included in the "gray belt" of Saint Petersburg. The analysis of the physical and social environment of the study area was carried out. By results of the study, a SWOT analysis was compiled, and the option of the functional change for co-living was considered. The purpose of co-living is to create a home environment that inspires and empowers its residents to be active creators and participants in the world around them. The necessary investments and the payback period of this project were calculated, the business model was developed.
Pre-project evaluations of All-Russian Exhibition Center landscape park ponds condition
Authors: Frishter Lyudmila
Published: June 2018

Modeling and planning of Moscow urban development sustainability affect many urban infrastructures, including social, transport, engineering ones, as well as modern level of land improvement. Modern architectural and design possibilities in urban environment planning are implemented in a large-scale reconstruction project of the All-Russian Exhibition Center (VVC). The reconstruction of the VVC complex in Moscow includes creation of artificial urban landscape with pronounced nature of exhibition complex. VVC landscape complex includes a cascade of ponds, hydraulic engineering system based on the Kamenka river ponds with fountains and decorative pools. This article considers a pre-project stage of pond cascade inspection, technical condition of hydraulic engineering structures, ponds silting. The inspection is aimed at obtaining a project evaluation of pond cascade hydraulic engineering structures technical condition, including evaluation of possibility for further operation, reinforcement or restoration of the structures. Historical background of “VSHV-VDNH-VVC” – Zone “VDNH landscape park” foundation is also given. History of exhibition complex arrangement and development is considered from the perspective of architectural and design conditionality and modeling by temporal social demand. The article also includes brief historical background of the park complex and hydraulic structure operation projects. Following the pre-project stage of pond cascade hydraulic engineering structures inspection, a conclusion on the condition of reconstructed sightseeing attraction “VSHV-VDNH-VVC” – Zone “VDNH landscape park” is given.
Soils swelling as a regional feature of Western Siberia
Authors: Eremin Dmitry
Published: June 2018

The research was to study the causes of soil swelling in Western Siberia. Studies were carried out on four stationary platforms in different climatic zones: from the sub-taiga to the southern forest-steppe. As a result of the research it was found that the level of the perched water is usually at a depth of 1-3 meters, which varies greatly depending on the season. The maximum elevation occurs at the beginning of summer, the beginning of winter – the depth of the perched water up to 3.0 meters or more. It was determined that in the sub-taiga zone of Western Siberia, perched water having a joint influence on the swelling soil; capillary fringe of perched water reaches a depth of 90 cm and the heterogeneity of the addition of the upper meter of the soil layer, which is formed by illuvial horizon with low filtration capacity. On soils with a uniform granulometric composition, despite the deeper occurrence of perched water, capillary fringe reaches a depth of 40 cm, where it has the maximum effect on the soil swelling. During construction, it is necessary under the base of roads to create protective shields of fine gravel or substandard sand, preventing the rise of water and the manifestation of bulk soils swelling.
Characterization of the new dormitory towns visual environments and its perceptual influence on their residents
Authors: Luchinin Nikita , Asylgaraeva Margarita , Startsev Sergey , Samosudova Natal’ja
Published: June 2018

The question of building a comfortable for living in it architectural space has gained a popularity because of the expansive growth of new dormitory towns in big Russian cities. Connection between the quality of surroundings and mental health of the residents, their ability to navigate in space and to react to the external stimuli is obvious. In this research the analysis of different typologies of urban architectural spaces was carried out in order to determine the quantitative parameters of these visual areas. According to the results of this research a strong tendency of the facades silhouettes simplification and a decrease of morphological informativeness of the visual environment were noticed. Comparing to other types of architectural environment, visual medium of new urban dormitory towns provides its observers with rather poor material to analyze and get important information from the surroundings. The whole spectrum of deviations from normal perceptive process can be influenced by this new environment, including difficulties with orientation in space, learning how to navigate (especially for kids who have lived in such conditions since being born), decrease concentration of attention and narrowing of the field of vision.
Gypsum composites, improved by applying basalt dust
Authors: Petropavlovskaya Victoria , Buryanov Aleksandr , Novichenkova Tatiana , Petropavlovskii Kirill
Published: June 2018

The paper shows the results of studies of gypsum dispersed systems with the addition of waste production of basalt. Introduction basalt dust allows the physical and mechanical properties of the modified gypsum material. The effect of additives on the strength, density and water absorption of gypsum dispersions hydration hardening.
Problems of Logical-mathematical Modeling in the Course of Cribwork Quay Design: Innovative Methods of Civil Engineering
Authors: Pryadko Igor
Published: June 2018

In the article, the author analyzes the innovative methods, employed by the Russian hydraulic engineer Nikolai Mikhailovich Gersevanov in the course of the stability analysisperformed in respect of cribwork quays. The author addresses one of the little known works, written by this Russian architect of industrial buildings. The work in question covers the application of logic algebra formulas to the substantiation of the stability of foundations of quays and port structures; it is entitled “The Application of Mathematical Logic to the Analysis of Structures”. N.M. Gersevanov employs his method of logical-mathematical substantiation of stability of cribwork quays as an example in the second part of his research. The author also analyzes the features of construction of crib piers, the forces that they are exposed to, and any possible reasons for the destruction of cribwork quays. In this article, the problem of design of cribwork quays is tied to the problem of construction performed in the context of natural (hydrologic and tectonic) calamities, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, and landslides. City and port management amid natural calamities represents an innovative challenge to be met by contemporary architects. The analysis of conditional propositions, employed in the work, written by N.M. Gersevanov, has proven his paper's novelty. The author of this article believes that antecedent and consequent are connected by the symbol of relevant (or nomological) implicationin hispropositions.
The main directions of increasing the reliability of gas distribution systems in high-rise districts
Authors: Zhila Viktor , Solovyeva Elena
Published: June 2018

The main source of energy in the economy is gas fuel. The specific weight of natural gas in the fuel and energy balance is about 50%. †The main requirement for the gas distribution system is to ensure the reliability, safety of this system. One of the ways to improve the reliability of gas supply systems is to use the reliability of automatic equipment to determine the gas contamination of premises. Based on the analysis of calculation formulas, an algorithm for the hydraulic calculation of gas pipelines is compiled. Based on the characteristics of gas distribution systems, it is advisable to apply such a solution, when gas supply of domestic consumers, boiler houses of municipal agricultural enterprises is carried out from the distribution network of high and medium pressure through autonomous combined pressure regulators installed in areas of high-rise buildings.
Repair with resource reserve
Authors: Varnikov Valeriy
Published: June 2018

The task of maintaining the operability of complex technical systems is one of the important tasks of ensuring the reliability in high-rise construction. It is solved at all stages of the life cycle of the device. Ensuring high availability of technical devices for use during the operational phase is the timely conduct of preventive measures and routine maintenance. To this end, the repair authorities have in their inventory material resources to replace the abandoned and end-of-life elements, as well as the production facilities necessary to perform the repair itself. One of the possible variants of this method of repair can be the creation and use of significant production capacities of repair enterprises that do not need material resources, and carry out repairs themselves. Another option may be a large range of spare parts, which will make an additional link repair company. The paper considers the issues of creating a rational organization of repair of complex technical systems. At the same time, one of the important practical tasks is the task of determining the rational relationship between the production capacities of repair enterprises and the amount of reserves needed to perform repairs. The development of the initial theoretical provisions on the rationale for the rational correlation of the volumes of spare parts and production capacities of repair enterprises to the effective use of reserves is devoted to this article.
A new method for calculating the combined anchor-concrete support of underground structures
Authors: Pleshko Mikhail , Meskhi Besarion , Pleshko Marianna
Published: June 2018

The problematic aspect of the underground structures construction in the urban area is the negative impact of construction on neighboring buildings and structures. To exclude emergency situations, it is required to control the interaction of the support of the underground structure and the surrounding soil mass by including additional regulatory elements, such as anchors, in the system. The article presents a new method for calculating the anchor-concrete support of underground structures and the results of monitoring of tensile forces in the bolting. It has been established that the tensile force has the highest constant value at the well mouth - jointing of the anchor rod, and then decrease exponentially.
Features of the hydration process of the modified blended cement for fiber cement panels
Authors: Mukhametrakhimov Rustem , Lukmanova Liliya
Published: June 2018

The paper studies features of the hydration process of the modified blended cement for fiber cement panels (FCP) using differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. It is found that deeper hydration process in silicate phase, denser and finer crystalline structure form in fiber cement matrix based on the modified blended cement. Generalization of this result to the case of fiber cement panels makes it possible to achieve formation of a denser and homogeneous structure with increased physical and mechanical properties.
Application of RFID combined with blockchain technology in logistics of construction materials
Authors: Lanko A. , Vatin N. , Kaklauskas A.
Published: June 2018

Nowadays, almost none of the fields of human activity can do without supply chain management. In addition, implementation of one in construction companies contributes to major economic benefits. The article considers the application feasibility of blockchain in logistics of construction materials through the usage of RFID technology. An example of introduction to the process of manufacturing and delivery of ready-mixed concrete is given. The main advantages, shortcomings, perspectives, as well as difficulties arising in the implementation of blockchain technology in the construction industry are described. Special attention is paid to the applicability of these technologies.
Modeling of Heavy Armocement Deformation for the Conical Shape of the Heat Accumulator Body by the Methods of Computer Engineering
Authors: Chugunov Alexander , Shishov Dmitry , Nikonorov Aleksandr , Filatov Vladimir
Published: June 2018

The computer simulation of the structural material is required to study the stress-strain state of the structural material of the high-pressure hull (in particular, the heat accumulator body). Laboratory experiment requires significant financial expenses, which is a significant drawback of this type of study. Therefore, the authors considered finite element modeling of structural material by adapting modern software systems for calculating the considered models. A modern design solution for high-pressure hulls of heat accumulators made of non-prestressed reinforced concrete involves the usage of heavy reinforcement cement as a structural material. The proposed method allows gaining rather certain calculations avoiding time-consuming laboratory research.
Modeling features of sustainable urban development in modern conditions of water supply
Authors: Furtatova Alina , Kamenik Lyudmila
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this research is to show that the water supply of territories is the basic factor for the growth of modern cities. Analytical methods of scientific research were used in this study. Analysis of modern water supply was carried out to identify the problems in this area. Nowadays, there have been negative trends in water supply, affecting the growth of cities, which were indicated by the authors as the modern conditions for the sustainable urban development. The problems of modern water supply are: limited access of the population to guarantee sources of water supply, an increased level of environmental pollution, and an inadequate financing in the field of water supply, whose purpose is to provide qualitative water supply services for the consumers. These specific features in a field of water supply complicate the implementation of sustainable urban development concept. Providing sustainable development is impossible without integrated consideration of socio-ecological-economic and natural factors. The result of the study consists in the necessity of taking into account the potential of city development in terms of water availability per person during the modeling sustainable urban development.
Adsorption processes in solving environmental problems in water sources of Urban Territories Development
Authors: Krasnova Tamara , Kirsanov Mikhail , Belyaeva Oxana , Timoshchuk Irina
Published: June 2018

Currently, there is a high level of environmental pollution Urban Territories, which poses a danger to ecosystems and public health, since a significant part of the industrial wastewater generated is discharged into water bodies neither sufficiently purified no without purification. The existing methods for treating effluents containing low concentrations of organic substances are generally quite expensive, long, require significant amounts of reagents or energy-intensive, often accompanied by the formation of secondary pollution and the loss of valuable substances. The scientific significance of the research results lies in the development of the adsorption theory of different nature organic substances by carbon sorbents, which differ in structure and properties of the surface. The values of the adsorption parameters calculated for the investigated active coals calculated from the experimental data can be used in the database of the sorbents' main parameters. The practical importance lies in the choice and recommendations for the practical application of active coals with the best adsorption characteristics, methods for increasing the efficiency of organic components adsorption and obtaining equilibrium data for calculating process parameters of the wastewater treatment process
Ecological engineering of the sixth innovation wave in system of continuous training and Municipal Facilities Development
Authors: Lepeshev Anatoly , Kuimov Vasiliy , Sidorkina Olesya , Kozlov Anatoliy , Pogrebnaya Tatyana
Published: June 2018

The relevance of article is caused by increasing speed of new technique and technologies emergence upon transition to the sixth wave of Municipal Facilities and Urban Development. It leads to the fast obsolescence of the engineering decisions ensuring technique and technologies ecological safety. New, earlier unknown types of pollution which influence on live organisms appear. For achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals it is necessary to solve essentially new task: to create future engineers’ ability to find in due time solutions of newly created technologies ecological safety problems. Research objective: Definition of the cognitive technologies entering a kernel of the sixth wave innovation and this wave NBIC-convergence opportunities to form future engineersЭ abilities to stably solve ecological safety problems Importance of a research: The research showed a possibility of effective TRIZ application for forecasting and the preliminary solution of again arising environmental problems and also a possibility of effective TRIZ studying at schools, colleges, universities without additional excessive number of class periods expenses. Results of a research can significantly promote achievement of a number of the UN Sustainable Development Goals connected with environment protection.
Recreational Areas as a Basis of the Municipal and Urban Territories’ Ecological Framework
Authors: Ketova Eugenia , Lesotova Julia
Published: June 2018

Nowadays, population migration from small settlements to large ones and big cities is typical; as a result, it becomes urgent to study the urban environment as the main sphere of human habitation. The problem of the environment quality becomes more and more relevant every year. Rapid growth of cities, industrial construction, development of highways networks and vehicles become the root cause of the harmful effects on the atmosphere. Therefore, environmental pollution is a worldwide environmental problem for cities. The goal of the work is to determine the importance of conservation, revival and design of recreational zones in a city body. The degradation of the function and the change in the demand structure for territory use comes with the appearance of new needs for the society, while the new activity comprehension and development of the already existing object becomes of little interest. The problem of maintaining ecological balance of large cities appeared in the middle of the XX century, in particular, it was connected with resource saving, air pollution through industrial enterprises emissions and vehicles into the atmosphere, in this connection, the preservation and revival of recreational areas in structure of cities
Physical and energetic approach to providing solid wastes handling system with environmental safety
Authors: Paramonova Oksana , Bespalov Vadim , Gurova Oksana , Krivtsova Natalya
Published: June 2018

Implementation features of the principal directions of municipal solid wastes handling system activity (territorial, climatic, economical and others) have stipulated the development of different concepts regarding to urban territories wastes handling, the most known of which are: Complex Waste Management, European Waste Management system (German dual system); «Zero Waste» concept. Each of the above mentioned concepts have got both advantages and disadvantages from ecological, economical, social, technological and organizational and legal points of view. From a perspective of the urban infrastructure environmental safety, an ecological aspect is the most interesting. That is why a new approach is being studied based on the principal points of the Theory of disperse systems sustainability which is called Physical and Energetic Description Concept of the Processes of Environmental Pollution and Restriction of Environmental Pollution with Municipal Solid Wastes. On the basis of the analysis of the municipal solid wastes handling concepts applied in the world and using the principal points of the theory of dispersed system sustainability, the results of the initial stage of the research regarding to studying and classifying municipal solid wastes properties parameters, their energetic parameters and sustainability have been represented by the authors. Herewith, the municipal solid wastes sustainability is considered as a resulting criterion characterizing municipal solid wastes behavior in the environment and allowing to control their behavior with the purpose of sustainability restriction and as a result decreasing the environmental pollution.
Laboratory varietal control as a guarantee of successful work of agribusiness in Russia
Authors: Lyubimova Anna , Eremin Dmitry
Published: June 2018

A new direction of agribusiness has been formed in the modern agricultural industry. This is expressed in the appearance of highly specialized enterprises working in the field of production of high-quality seeds of agricultural crops. The use of electrophoresis method in varietal identification is a new technology in domestic agribusiness. The purpose of the research was to study the electrophoresis role of prolamins in varietal identification of crops for high-quality seed material. The laboratory of varietal identification of seeds analyzed 47 varieties of oats Russian selection. On the basis of data on the component composition of avenin, varieties with a high level of intersort genetic differences were identified: Megion, Fobos, Local (K-8427), Uspekh, Otrada, Pushkinskij. Groups of samples with identical component composition of prolamins were found. Their genetic formulas of avenin have the following form: Avn A2B4C2, Avn A4B4C2, Avn A2B4C1 or Avn A2B1C3. It is established that the method of electrophoresis of oat prolamins allows effectively distinguish varieties belonging to the same variety and indistinguishable by morphological features. Implementation of a system of regular laboratory control of purity and compliance of original and reproductive oats seeds by electrophoresis of prolamins is necessary to improve the competitiveness of Russian grain production in the world market.
The assessment of the tank foundation carrying capacity under the conditions of seismic danger
Authors: Koretskaya Natalia , Grib Nikolay
Published: June 2018

The article is devoted to the preliminary assessment of the tank foundation for its carrying capacity and durability as long as this structure is of a high responsibility level. The inspection of the tank foundation was made in order to assess the possibility of building a similar construction. Considering the site conditions, special attention was paid to the seismic stability of the tank. According to the state standard requirements the calculations were made on the basis of all index marks taking into account the main and specific combinations of loads. To define the tank stability for further operation, it was necessary to assess the possible need of strengthening or repairing it from the point of view of its carrying capacity for the first group of limit states as well as the deformed state. By the results of the research the possibility to further re-use the construction has to be resolved by the owner.
The impact of transport infrastructure on ecological status of arable land in Western Siberia
Authors: Eremina Diana
Published: June 2018

The use of deicing compounds and car exhaust have a negative impact on the main indicators of arable fertility.The purpose of the research was to study the physical properties of arable land and crop yields at different distances from the roads. Four soils were studied: sod-podzolic, gray forest, leached chernozem and meadow saline. Soil sampling was carried out along the Tyumen - Omsk and Tyumen - Khanty-Mansiysk highways. It was found that at a distance of 10 meters from the highway structural and aggregate composition of high-humus soils differs from the control, located 200 meters. At a distance of 50 meters or more from the road, physical indicators of arable land come back to normal. The sections adjacent to the roads up to 10 meters wide are overfilled to 1.57 g/cm3, which in the conditions of Western Siberia can cause surface waterlogging. The annual loss of grain from the negative impact of transport infrastructure on the site length of 1 kilometer and a width of 20 meters on leached chernozem is 5.0 tons. At market grain prices in the amount of $140, the annual loss of farmers corresponds to $1400 for each kilometer of the road passing through the chernozem fields.
Algorithms of data clustering in assessing the transport infrastructure of the region
Authors: Popova Olga , Kuznetsova Elena , Sazonova Tatiana
Published: June 2018

The article presents the results of a complex analytical research of the region transport infrastructure. The authors propose the developed methodology for assessing the transport infrastructure in the region. The evaluation algorithm is based on consideration of individual municipal entities and their clustering by the Self-organizing maps. An example of approbation of the developed methodology in the Arkhangelsk region is given. As a result, we obtained a map showing clusters that unite municipal entities in homogeneous groups. Based on the results, a list of recommendations for the territorial development of each cluster was developed.
L’adiponectine
Authors: Nicolas Sarah , Chabry Joëlle , Guyon Alice , Zarif Hadi , Heurteaux Catherine , Petit-Paitel Agnès
Published: June 2018

L’adiponectine (ApN) est une hormone produite par le tissu adipeux dont le taux plasmatique est diminué chez les personnes en surpoids ou obèses ainsi que chez les patients diabétiques. En périphérie, cette baisse du taux circulant d’ApN induit l’établissement d’un état inflammatoire chronique à bas bruit, le développement d’une résistance à l’insuline et de plaques d’athérome. Inversement, des conditions de vie « favorables », la perte de poids et la pratique régulière d’exercice physique permettent d’augmenter la concentration sanguine d’ApN. Certaines formes d’ApN peuvent gagner le cerveau par le biais du liquide cérébrospinal. À ce niveau, l’augmentation de l’ApN exerce de puissants effets anti-dépresseurs et anxiolytiques, notamment en réduisant la neuroinflammation.
La fibrose du tissu adipeux
Authors: Marcelin Geneviève , Clément Karine
Published: June 2018

Dans des conditions obésogènes, l’expansion du tissu adipeux (TA) correspond à une réponse physiologique nécessaire au stockage du surplus énergétique. Cependant, la chronicisation de l’obésité conduit à un remodelage pathologique du TA, incluant un épaississement de la matrice extracellulaire caractéristique d’un état fibrotique. Ces modifications du TA affectent localement ses fonctions endocrines et de stockage. Elles contribuent ensuite aux altérations des dialogues inter-organes. D’autres organes comme le foie et les muscles vont aussi voir leur biologie perturbée. La compréhension des mécanismes à l’origine du remodelage pathologique du TA et de ses conséquences sur les comorbidités de l’obésité permettrait de développer de nouvelles stratégies de traitement pour ces pathologies complexes.
Les doubles cursus médecine-sciences en France
Authors: Scherlinger Marc , Bienvenu Thomas C.M. , Piffoux Max , Séguin Perrine
Published: June 2018

Les doubles cursus médecine-sciences (DC/MS) permettent l’acquisition d’une formation à la recherche et d’un doctorat de sciences au cours des études médicales. En France, avant les années 2000, la formation à la recherche était réalisée durant, voire après, le troisième cycle des études médicales (internat). Des DC/MS intégrés, dits « précoces », ont été développés depuis 2003 à l’initiative du cursus national de l’École de l’Inserm Liliane Bettencourt, suivie par la création de DC/MS par diverses universités. Quel que soit le mode de réalisation du double cursus, les étudiants engagés dans ces voies d’excellence se heurtent à des difficultés qui résultent essentiellement du manque d’articulation entre les formations médicale et scientifique. Les objectifs de ce texte sont de présenter les filières DC/MS de France, de recenser les principales difficultés rencontrées par les étudiants, ainsi que de formaliser un ensemble de propositions d’aménagements pour faciliter et consolider la formation des médecins/chercheurs.
Biologie et médecine « do-it-yourself »
Authors: Meyer Morgan
Published: June 2018

La biologie et la médecine de « garage » sont fondées sur différentes pratiques et logiques : pratiques amateur et de bricolage, éthique du hacking et de l’open source, volonté de domestiquer la biologie moléculaire et la génétique, l’idéal de participation et des sciences citoyennes. Cette démocratisation est un processus à la fois spatial (construction de nouveaux espaces), technique (contournements créatifs autour d’équipements), social (création de réseaux/laboratoires accessibles) et politique. C’est donc à travers leurs pratiques, gestes et questionnements - bricoler, expérimenter, contourner, amatérialiser, éthiciser, comparer, valoriser, etc. - qu’il faut saisir les sciences « do-it-yourself ».
Neues Pflegeberufegesetz – Informationen, Fragen, Risiken
Authors: Kriesten Ursula
Published: June 2018

Versorgungssicherung Welche Anforderungen ergeben sich aus dem neuen Pflegeberufegesetz, damit die Versorgungsqualität in der Geriatrie, der
Gerontopsychiatrie und der Alten- und Behindertenhilfe sichergestellt werden kann?
Neue amerikanische Leitlinien zur Hypertonie: neue Konsequenzen für uns?
Authors: Schrader Bastian , Lüders Stephan , Koziolek Michael , Haller Hermann , Schrader Joachim
Published: June 2018

Following the publication of the new US guidelines, especially the new classifications of hypertension and the general reduction in treatment targets were discussed worldwide. Applying the US guidelines to a recent German cohort study would in practice lead to a significant increase in the diagnosis of “hypertension” in untreated patients. The number of under-adjusted patients would also increase sharply, increasing more than those predicted in the US Guidelines. Affected by an intensified antihypertensive therapy would be particularly elderly patients, in which adverse drug reactions but also occur more frequently. It seems doubtful whether the massive increase in the diagnosis “hypertension” can improve the supply situation: the opposite effect of avoiding therapists and patients could occur. Determining the individual risk with suitable, evaluated instruments certainly makes sense to treat more targeted patients. More important than new blood pressure limits is a more accurate classification of blood pressure. Repeated self-measurements and ambulatory blood pressure measurement lead to a better selection of patients benefiting from a therapy.
Medikationsanalyse beim geriatrischen Patienten
Authors: Kolbe Anna-Lena , Zemke Jens
Published: June 2018

Problem Multimedikation Die leitlinienorientierte Therapie führt zu Multimedikation, was wiederum Probleme mit sich bringen kann. Von einer
Medikationsanalyse auf der geriatrischen Station profitieren nicht nur die Patienten, sondern alle an der Behandlung beteiligten Berufsgruppen. Die
Zusammenarbeit wird gestärkt und Probleme können schneller gelöst oder sogar verhindert werden.
Fallbeispiel: Kontinenzförderung nach Apoplex
Authors: Kohler Myrta
Published: June 2018

Herausforderung Nach einem Apoplex sind die Patienten häufig von einer Inkontinenz betroffen. Die Behandlung der Inkontinenz stellt für das
Behandlungsteam, insbesondere die Pflegepersonen, eine große Herausforderung dar, da es sich um sehr komplexe Problemstellungen handelt. Nachfolgendes
Fallbeispiel zeigt auf, welche Punkte beim Assessment wichtig sind und wie eine Behandlung geplant werden kann.
Die Tinctura acris sine kali
Authors: Rissel Roger , Buchheim-Schmidt Susann , Schwarzbach Ralf
Published: June 2018

Es wird über die Recherche und experimentelle Herstellung der Tinctura acris sine kali berichtet. Dabei aufgeworfene Fragen werden diskutiert, z. B. welche wirksamen Inhaltsstoffe die Tinktur enthält, welcher Natur der rote Farbstoff ist und welche der verschiedenen Varianten der Tinctura acris Hahnemann wohl als Grundlage für seine Prüfung am Gesunden verwendet hat.
Die Charakteristika von Antimonium crudum
Authors: Thoma Christian
Published: June 2018

Auf der Grundlage der vorliegenden Prüfungen und Kasuistiken in der revidierten Materia medica werden auffallende Charakteristika von Antimonium crudum dargestellt.
Therapeutische Erfahrungen mit der Methode der klassischen Homöopathie bei hämorrhagischen Erkrankungen am Beispiel der Autoimmunthrombopenie (Idiopathische thrombozytopenische Purpura, Morbus maculosus Werlhof)
Authors: Thomas Christoph , Spinedi Dario
Published: June 2018

Drei klinische Langzeitverläufe von Fällen mit akuter bzw. chronischer Autoimmunthrombopenie (Idiopathische thrombozytopenische Purpura, Morbus maculosus Werlhof) werden geschildert. Nachdem in den betreffenden Krankheitsfällen die konventionelle schulmedizinische Therapie keinen dauerhaften Erfolg zeigte, wurde eine Behandlung nach der Methode der klassischen Homöopathie durchgeführt. Im intraindividuellen Vergleich zwischen vorangehender allopathischer und nachfolgender klassisch-homöopathischer Behandlung lässt sich eine therapeutische Überlegenheit der homöopathischen Methode belegen – zumindest im Bezug auf die hier dokumentierten Fälle. Unter dieser Behandlung kam es in allen 3 Fällen zur kompletten Heilung, was durch eine jahrelange Beobachtung bzw. Nachbeobachtung (4 bzw. 7 bzw. 12 Jahre) gesichert werden konnte.
Moderne Therapie des Typ-1-Diabetes – Pumpentherapie mit Insulinanaloga
Authors: Wizemann Erik , Biester Torben
Published: June 2018

Die kontinuierliche subkutane Insulininfusion mittels Pumpe (CSII) wird bei Erwachsenen mit Typ-1-Diabetes nach vorherigen Versuchen mit multiplen täglichen Insulininjektionen (MDI) angewandt bzw. bei Kindern häufig bereits kurz nach der Diabetesdiagnose eingeleitet. Grundvoraussetzung für den Erfolg der CSII sind die Motivation und Zuverlässigkeit der Patienten (bzw. bei Kindern der Eltern) sowie eine ausreichende Schulung. Insgesamt ergibt sich für die CSII ein breites Anwendungsspektrum. Mit der Pumpentherapie sind im Vergleich zu multipen täglichen Insulininektionen Reduktionen der glykämischen Variabilität, der HbA1c-Werte und schwerer Hypoglykämien möglich sowie Verbesserungen bei Lebensqualität und Therapiezufriedenheit. Spezifische unerwünschte Ereignisse der CSII können von der Pumpe, den Infusionssets und/ oder der Infusionsstelle ausgehen und nachfolgend Komplikationen wie Ketoazidosen oder schwere Hypoglykämien auslösen. Typischerweise werden bei der Pumpentherapie kurz wirksame Insulinanaloga verordnet. Für die Anwender besteht der Nutzen vor allem im nicht notwendigen oder geringeren „Bolus-Ess-Abstand“. Die kurz wirksamen Insulinanaloga unterscheiden sich hinsichtlich Insulinmolekül und Hilfsstoffen in den Formulierungen und daher auch in der Rate an Verschlüssen oder symptomatisschen Hypoglykämien bzw. ihrer Stabilität in der Pumpe. Fortschritte im Bereich der CSII zeichnen sich durch Weiterentwicklungen im Bereich der Closed-Loop-Systeme und durch neue Verfahren bzw. neue Insuline für den schnelleren Eintritt der Insulinwirkung ab.
Zielgerichtete Erstdiagnostik bei Typ-1-Diabetes
Authors: Kalscheuer Hannes , Lehnert Hendrik
Published: June 2018

Der Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 nimmt weltweit zu und ist eine der häufigsten chronischen Erkrankungen im Kindesalter. Allerdings manifestiert sich ein Typ-1-Diabetes nicht selten erst im Erwachsenenalter – dann wird die eindeutige klinische Abgrenzung zum Typ-2-Diabetes mitunter schwierig. Andere Diabetesformen und Autoimmunsyndrome müssen ebenfalls berücksichtigt werden. Dieser Beitrag stellt die Möglichkeiten einer zielführenden Diagnostik zusammen.
Auf dem Weg zum Closed-Loop – Ziel und Realität
Authors: Biester Torben , Danne Thomas , Kordonouri Olga
Published: June 2018

Eine vollständig automatisierte Insulindosierung ist der Wunschtraum von Behandlern und Patienten mit Typ-1-Diabetes. Schon jetzt können sensorunterstützte Insulinpumpen reduzierend in die Insulinzufuhr eingreifen und die Interpretation von Werten erleichtern. Ziel von Forschungsarbeiten ist es, in das Zusammenspiel aus Pumpe und Sensor einen Algorithmus zu integrieren, der die automatische Abgabe des Insulins im Sinne eines vollständigen Regelkreislaufs (Closed-Loop) reguliert. Vollständig geschlossene Systeme sind derzeit noch nicht für die ambulante Nutzung erhältlich. Hybrid-Systeme (Semi-Closed-Loop) wurden in den USA schon zugelassen. Diese können den Stoffwechselzustand von Menschen mit Typ-1-Diabetes verbessern. Die Risiken ähneln denen der sensorunterstützten Pumpentherapie. Die genaue Schulung der Patienten wird weiterhin entscheidend für den Erfolg sein.