bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methods and key features of climatic tests of aircraft composite structures
Authors: Khabidulin P. , Scherbakov V.
Published: March 2023

This article discusses the methods and key features of conducting climate tests of aircraft products made of polymer composite. The performance characteristics of composite structures are affected by operating temperatures and moisture saturation In the course of accelerated moisture saturation in climate chambers and subsequent tests, monitoring and forecasting of moisture content levels requires, in some cases, computational studies. Moreover, the diffusion characteristics of composites used in calculations often require experimental determination.
Study of the laminas’ stress-strain state for cross-ply composites with the [± 45°]2s lay-up: tensile tests
Authors: Paimushin V. , Firsov V. , Gazizullin R.
Published: March 2023

In this paper we have analysed the relations that allows one to determine the components of strains and stresses in the orthotropic axes of layered fiber reinforced composite materials in tensile and compression experiments for test specimens with the [±45°]2s lay-up. In particular, such relations were compiled on the assumption that in a cross-ply fiber composite two adjacent layers with the [±φ] lay-ups can be considered as one symmetrically reinforced layer with orthotropic properties. To establish the degree of accuracy of these relationships and assumptions, numerical experiments were carried out to determine the parameters of the stress-strain state of specimens consisting of two and four monolayers of a unidirectional fibrous composite material with the [±45°]2s lay-up. The analysis has been performed in the ANSYS finite element analysis program system in a linear formulation of two- and three-dimensional problems. It is shown that in the central zone of the specimen, the theoretical-experimental methodology based on the above mentioned relations has a sufficient degree of accuracy. Based on the analysis of results of three-dimensional problems, the formation of a linear torque in the specimen, which causes the twisting of some zones of the specimen along its length, has been revealed.
Kinetic characteristics of cracks in polymers and composites based on mechanical and thermal loads
Authors: Valishin A. , Kartashov E. , Dzhemesyuk I.
Published: March 2023

Theoretical ratios of important kinetic characteristics for brittle polymers with cracks under mechanical and thermal effects are obtained, which underlie the study of the thermokinetics of the process of polymer fracture in terms of the theory of the time dependence of strength-durability. Rectilinear (internal and surface) cracks in plate-type specimens and internal circular (disk-shaped) cracks in polymer fibers are considered. Two test modes are considered successively: constant tensile stress, constant absolute temperature, unchanging structure, inactive medium, as well as a more complex mode of purely thermal loading - the case least developed in the theory of destruction. The calculated ratios of a number of limiting characteristics and parameters of the destruction process are given: safe and critical stress; initial length of a microcrack and its relative critical length; safe and critical voltage; local stress at the crack tip (in the fluctuation volume); the value of the free surface energy. The above relations are the basis for the development of the theory of the time dependence of strength-durability.
Emergency events that occurred at RBMK nuclear reactors
Authors: Titov Stanislav , Barbin Nikolay , Kobelev Anton
Published: March 2023

This article provides a systematic and statistical analysis of emer-gency situations at nuclear power plants with RBMK reactors in Russia for the period from 1974 to 2018. To carry out a system analysis, the main fac-tors were identified: the number of accidents and incidents, the date, the name of the nuclear power plant where the emergency events occurred. Emergency situations are divided into accidents and incidents, the main causes of emergency situations are identified, the consequences of emer-gency situations are indicated. For statistical analysis, the percentage of ac-cidents and incidents was determined, the number of accidents at nuclear power plants was shown, the causes were indicated, and the consequences of emergency events at RBMK reactors were noted.
Experimental methods for assessing the propensity of welded joints to local fault
Authors: Poletaev Yu. , Shchepkin V.
Published: March 2023

The problem of increasing the resistance of welded joints of power equipment against local destruction in the conditions of non-stationary mode of high-temperature operation is relevant. In the studies performed, the analysis of the causes and nature of LR was carried out from the standpoint of classical physics of high-temperature deformation and intergrain destruction by the creep mechanism. Most of the test methods developed simulate just such loading conditions. However, the most objective assessment of the susceptibility of the welded joints to LR can be given by the method of testing welded joints under conditions of high-temperature low-frequency low-cycle loading.
A variant of the uninterruptible power supply circuit with double conversion
Authors: Kanareykin Aleksandr
Published: March 2023

The article discusses the main structural schemes of three types of uninterruptible power supply sources: backup; interactive; double conversion. The main functions of which are: performing the function of a backup or emergency power source; performing the function of protective devices, improving the quality of the power supply voltage. The features of operation, advantages and disadvantages of three groups of uninterruptible power supplies are also disclosed. New approaches in the structural and circuit design of uninterruptible power supplies based, including on the use of renewable energy sources are disclosed. Based on the analysis, one of the variants of the block diagram of an uninterruptible power supply with a double conversion of the system is presented and explanations and principles of its operation, as well as advantages and disadvantages are given.
(s, d) Magic Labeling of some ladder graphs
Authors: Sumathi P. , Mala P.
Published: March 2023

Let G(p, q) be a connected, undirected, simple and non-trivial graph with q nodes and q lines. Let f be an injective function f: V(G) →{ s, s + d, s + 2d,.....s + (q +1)d } and g be an injective function g: E(G) → {d,2d,3d,… 2(q-1)d}.Then the graph G is said to be (s, d) magic labeling if f(u) + g(uv) + f(v) is a constant, for all u, v; ∈ V(G). A graph G is called (s, d) magic graph if it admits (s, d) magic labeling. In this paper the existence of (s, d) magic labeling in some ladder graphs are found.
Veterinary and sanitary quality assessment of long-life pickled mushrooms
Authors: Podvalova Viktoria , Koltun Guli , Simakova Margarita , Terebova Svetlana
Published: March 2023

Vinegar pickled mushrooms are a specific product. On their proper preservation, sorting and primary processing depends on the life and health of consumers. The purpose of this study - to assess the quality of long-life pickled mushrooms sold in retail stores in Ussuriysk. The assortment of pickled mushrooms sold in retail stores in Ussuriysk was studied. It was found that this type of product is represented by a wide range of manufacturers. An Internet survey of consumer preferences for this type of product was conducted. In the conditions of the laboratory of veterinary and sanitary expertise of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Veterinary Medicine of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Education "Primorskaya State Agricultural Academy", the consumer packaging and labeling of the selected samples of canned mushrooms under study in the amount of three was assessed. The results of quality assessment by organoleptic and physical and chemical indices were obtained and described. Evaluation by organoleptic and physical and chemical indicators was carried out according to the generally accepted methods. Organoleptic method determined the appearance, flavor, odor, color, consistency, pouring quality. The laboratory method showed non-compliance of the mass fraction of mushrooms (below the norm by 7 and 18.5%), to the requirements of the controlling regulatory document. Titratable acidity was determined by the titration method, there were increased and decreased values of this indicator in the two tested samples (deviation by 0.5%). Elevated index of mass fraction of table salt was found in one of the examined samples - 3.5%, which is 0.5% higher than the highest limit set. As a result of veterinary and sanitary examination of long-life pickled mushrooms, the following conclusion was made: according to organoleptic and physicochemical quality indicators, only one sample out of those submitted for examination completely corresponds the standard. The studied indicators of the other two samples have deviations from the specified standard, which raises doubts about their quality.
Innovative Development Directions of the Agrarian Economic Sphere: the Example of Azerbaijan
Authors: Huseynov Mohubbat
Published: March 2023

As we know, from the history of mankind until now, man has fought for food and life. For this reason, the innovative development of the agricultural sector is one of the main priorities in the modern era. In the article, the factors of innovative development of the agricultural sector in Azerbaijan were fundamentally analyzed. In recent years, important successes have been achieved in the direction of modernization of agriculture in our country, a systematic and complex approach to the solution of existing problems in the agricultural sector, promotion of the country's agricultural potential. The decisions taken by President Ilham Aliyev regarding the modern stage of agrarian reforms, the implementation of complex measures in the direction of improving the mechanisms of institutional, economic and technological development of this field in the country have encouraged the transition of agriculture to a qualitatively new stage of development.
Influence of reinforcement parameters on the properties of fibropenotoof concrete
Authors: Bayramukov Salis , Dolaeva Zuriat
Published: March 2023

The influence of the parameters of dispersed reinforcement on the properties of fibro-foam concrete analyzed. The experiment planning matrix was built. A series of samples of various compositions made of fibro-foam concrete were tested for compression and bending. The regression equations obtained in coded form, which are adequate to the calculated ones, based on the Fisher criterion. The analysis of the equations carried out and the response surfaces constructed from them, which showed that the highest values of the optimization parameters correspond to the design area with high µv and low l/d. It has been established that the introduction of a sufficient amount of short fibers into the foam concrete matrix leads to the strengthening of the material, which is provided not only by the reinforcing properties of the fibers, but also by their ability to positively influence the structure of aerated concrete.
System of requirements to modern finishing materials in solutions of interiors in medical premises that are sources of radiation
Authors: Balakina Alevtina , Petrunin Vadim , Lempl Yuri
Published: March 2023

This article is devoted to the detailed analysis of requirements applicable to modern finishing materials used in the interiors of health care institutions, in particular in the interiors of medical premises where the sources of radiation are located. The authors have studied a number of regulatory statutory documents in effect in the territory of the Russian Federation and analyzed the practical experience in the decoration of this category of premises at the health care capital construction facilities. Based on the theoretical material and practical experience studied by the authors, the authors single out and describe the basic requirements to modern finishing materials used in the interiors of medical premises being the sources of radiation, as well as propose the versions of visual design of medical premises where the sources of radiation are located.
Color solutions of mass housing in Moscow in the conditions of sustainable development of the metropolis
Authors: Averkiev Vladimir
Published: March 2023

In the conditions of Moscow's sustainable development, the variety of facade solutions has expanded significantly. The object of the research were the transformations of coloristic solutions of residential development in the largest metropolis of Russia – in Moscow. The purpose of the research is to identify the peculiarities of the formation of the coloristics of the city at the present time. The specific features of color formation of foreign cities are shown, as well as the introduction of black in the facade finish of residential buildings in Moscow as a new expressive means of architectural techniques. According to the results of the study, the main four techniques of shaping the architectural solutions with the involvement of such a powerful influencing factor as black color have been detected. The first technique is characterized as a holistic-volume application of color for the entire building, when all the facades of a residential building are completely black, and architects work with such a building as a large “cube”. The second technique is the use of black as an underlay and revelation of a primary color. The third technique is the black color as an underlay that reveals and accentuates form-making. The fourth technique is the black color for creating a false facade. The results show that the first trend of absolutely black volume has a greater negative impact both on the urban environment and on the urbanites themselves. Two subsequent trends, with reasonable application, promote the revelation of architectural intent and are most appropriate. The last trend is rather contradictory, it creates the illusion of plasticity with highly questionable architecture.
Finite element simulation for microclimate normalization at the crane operator workplace
Authors: Bulygin Yuriy , Maslensky Viktor , Shchekina Ekaterina , Ashikhmin Denis , Baranichenko Vadim , Pavlikov Aleksander
Published: March 2023

The object of the study is the cabins of technological machines, where an unfavorable microclimate is observed. The method of mathematical and computer modeling used in the study is relevant and allows significantly speed up the design process due to the transition from a large number of field tests to virtual numerical experiments. The adaptation of the known mathematical models of thermal radiation and a model of a continuous medium based on the Navier-Stokes and heat transfer equations to the solution of the problem of determining the thermodynamic parameters in the cabins of technological machines has been carried out. The methodology for calculating and selecting the main equipment of the climatic system of the crane cabins has been clarified based on the developed finite element 3D models of the cabins. In addition, thermal protection equipment was used to reduce the load on the climate system. The using of modeling permit significantly speeds up the design process.
UC aims system in the management of the economic activities of the track complex of JSC "Russian railways"
Authors: Kovalenko N. , Rosenberg I. , Tsvetkov V.
Published: March 2023

The analysis of the structure of the UC AIMS and the interrelation of its subsystems is carried out. The perspective of the development of the UC AIMS system by creating a Situational Control Center for ordering and consolidating the interaction of various control subsystems included in the overall structure is considered. The activity of the situation center allows to reduce the workload of employees of departments and the audit apparatus, resulting in a reduction in production costs, improvement of quality indicators, as well as obtaining a certain economic effect. The UC AIMS information and analytical system is aimed at improving the level of technical condition of the track and infrastructure in good condition. The creation of a unified information environment is aimed at increasing reliability and optimizing costs when planning travel work. The creation of a Situational Center is aimed at dividing the initial information into true and false at the stage of its preliminary analysis before the start of calculations. This separation will allow us to consider the stage of preparation for computational iterations in automatic mode. This can significantly reduce the number of calculated iterations performed (approximately by 3-5%), by reducing the time for processing the array of source data and increase the efficiency of the information and analytical unit of the UC AIMS system (approximately by 6-10%).
Socio-economic and management risk evaluation criteria used in the design of construction facilities in the Arctic
Authors: Seleznev Nikolay , Vlasenko Larisa , Prokhorova Yulia
Published: March 2023

The article addresses the evaluation of criteria and the choice of technologies, materials, structures, machinery, and products needed to arrange the construction of infrastructure facilities in the Arctic region. The main task, tackled by the researchers, is the study of a strategy for the minimization of investment risks, that may arise in the course of the implementation of projects in the harsh weather conditions of the Far North. The authors consider ten principles of the management system, including efficiency, environmental friendliness, energy efficiency, logistics and others. The authors focus on the need to minimize the risks, that may accompany the choice of technologies, materials, structures, machinery and products in the course of construction in the Arctic area. It is feasible if certain evaluation criteria are applied to ensure the long-term operation of facilities and infrastructure throughout their life cycle.
Information systems in the strategy of digitalization of the Russian enterprise
Authors: Moe Naing Zin , Konyukhova Galina , Britvina Valentina , Chernyshova Vera , Adao Agostinho
Published: March 2023

The article detail with the application of the probabilistic approach to the calculation of the expected performance indicators of the digitalization strategy is substantiated. The process of formation of intellectual assets in the course of implementing this strategy has been analysed. The influence of distributed information systems on increasing the share of intellectual assets of an enterprise is proved.
Instrumental potential of monetary valuation in managing natural ecosystems reproduction sustainability
Authors: Ovchinnikov V. , Ketova N.
Published: March 2023

The basic approaches to comprehension of economic nature and the subject content of the process of market transformation of natural ecosystem into nature-economy in the course of which there is a disturbing system of the formed geobiocenosis, human intrusion which creates artificial nature-ecosystem, which needs constant poly-resource support, are described in the paper. Scientific conceptualisation of the transition from the consumer attitude of man to nature as a natural "pantry" of production resources and free environmental benefits as gifts of nature to the understanding of the creative nature of partner interaction with nature and the commodity-market nature of ecosystem services rendered by it required an appropriate accounting and cost estimate of them as a tool to regulate this transition and manage the reproductive mode of functioning of the nature management system.
Frustration and deprivation in ecology and in people’s life
Authors: Suzdaleva Antonina
Published: March 2023

The article analyses the significance of human frustration and deprivation caused by life conditions or ecological frustration/deprivation.
Ecological frustration means deprivation of access to some objects of the environment, more precisely, human environment. Ecological deprivation
means formation of a psychological view of an individual (social group) on unfair deprivation of benefits due to it, those connected with the use of environmental resources. The article presents a classification of types of ecological frustration and deprivation. The structure of any frustration and deprivation is based on subjects and objects thereof, and its characteristics are intensity, localisation and spread. The subject of frustration (deprivation) is a person or a group of persons – bearers of the given psychological phenomenon (individual, group or mass mentality); the object thereof is an element of the environment which, in case of its inaccessibility, causes frustration or deprivation. The intensity of these phenomena is measured as an indicator of integral manifestation of their subjects’ response. The localisation of both frustration and deprivation is determined by the composition of the affected societal groups, and their spread – by the proportion of these people in such group or in the society as a whole. Frustration and deprivation of life conditions represent critical factors in shaping environmental attitudes. For most people, poor environment is not a result of analysis of a set of physico-chemical and biological indicators. It is a perception of environmental reality formed under the influence of various frustration and deprivation feelings. Monitoring the processes of formation and spread of such phenomena in the society and analysing the results thereof can prevent numerous socio-ecological conflicts. Frustration and deprivation of life conditions that are prevalent in the society should be taken into account when developing environmental education and training programmes.
The problems of legal regulation of the environmental policy of the resource-producing region
Authors: Zolotukhin Vladimir , Yazevich Mariya , Zolotukhina Natalia , Kozyreva Marina
Published: March 2023

The article deals with the features of management of environmental processes and the specifics of the law enforcement of environmental standards in the resource-producing region in the context of modern socio-economic transformations. The solution of environmental safety problems is due to the presence of an integrated approach to the management of legal entities involved in production and information processes in the region. The position is substantiated an integrated approach, including mechanisms for managing environmental and social processes should be formalized in a regional environmental doctrine with an effective and relevant regulatory framework. The key principle of such a regulatory system is the ability to take into account and coordinate the main trends of global processes, regulatory requirements and development goals of the state, as well as the characteristics of the region and the needs of its inhabitants. The issues of law enforcement of environmental standards and their impact on the ecosystem in order to cause the least harm to environment, health and genetic fund of person (society), levelling its consequences are considered. The need to take into account the sociocultural characteristics and value orientations of the inhabitants of the region when developing regulatory practices is emphasized. It is substantiated the regional environmental doctrine with relevant normative content will be a system-forming factor ensures the practical implementation of mechanisms for effective regulation of the activities of subsoil use entities and the development of safe infrastructure in theresource-producing region.
Behandlung in zertifizierten Lungenzentren (DKG) – Entscheidungsfaktoren von Patienten mit Lungenkrebs
Authors: Schirrmacher Raja , Rieger Benjamin , Justenhoven Christina
Published: March 2023

Hintergrund Lungenkrebs ist weltweit eine der häufigsten Todesursache. Die Einführung von Zertifizierungsprogrammen soll u. a. die krebsspezifische Mortalität senken.

Fragestellung In diesem Zusammenhang ist es wichtig zu verstehen, welche Faktoren Patienten beeinflussen, für die Behandlung eine DKG-zertifizierte Einrichtung zu wählen.

Methoden Anhand der Daten des Krebsregisters Rheinland-Pfalz wurden Charakteristika von Patienten verglichen, die in DKG-zertifizierten bzw. nicht zertifizierten Einrichtungen behandelt wurden. Der Datensatz umfasste dabei Patienten mit Diagnosestellung zwischen 2016 und 2020 (n = 8687).

Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich, dass knapp 24 % der Patienten mit Lungenkrebs in DKG-zertifizierten Krebszentren behandelt wurden. Die Wohnregion sowie das T-Status scheinen einen Einfluss auf die Entscheidung zur Behandlung in einem DKG-zertifizierten Zentrum zu haben.

Schlussfolgerung Der Zertifizierungsprozess ist komplex. Aus diesem Grund ist es von besonderem Interesse zu verstehen, welche Faktoren die Entscheidung von Patienten zur Behandlung in einer bestimmten Einrichtung beeinflussen.
Corrigendum to: The cost savings of the rural accelerated chest pain pathway for low-risk chest pain in rural general practice: a cost minimisation analysis
Authors: Miller Rory , Nixon Garry , Stokes Tim , Smith-Vaughan Michelle , Pickering John W. , Liepins Talis , Than Martin
Published: March 2023

 Introduction The rural accelerated chest pain pathway (RACPP) has been shown to safely reduce the number of transfers to hospital for patients who present with chest pain to rural general practice.

 Aim This study aimed to estimate the costs associated with assessing patients with low-risk chest pain using the RACPP in rural general practice compared with transporting such patients to a distant emergency department (ED).

 Methods This was a retrospective cost minimisation analysis. All patients with low-risk chest pain that were assessed in New Zealand (NZ) rural general practice using the RACPP between 1 June 2018 and 31 December 2019 were asked to participate. The costs incurred by patients were determined by an online survey. Patients were also asked to estimate the costs if they would have been transferred to ED. System costs were obtained from the relevant healthcare organisations. The main outcome measure was the total cost for patients who present with low-risk chest pain.

 Results In total, 15 patients (22.7% response rate) responded to the survey. Using the RACPP in general practice resulted in a median cost saving of NZ$1184 (95% CI: $1111 to $1468) compared with transferring the same patient to ED.

 Discussion Although limited by low enrolment, this study suggests that there are significant savings if the RACPP is used to assess patients with low-risk chest pain in rural NZ general practice.
Gapless Spin Liquid and Nonlocal Corner Excitation in the Spin-1/2 Heisenberg Antiferromagnet on Fractal
Authors: Zou Haiyuan , Wang Wei
Published: March 2023

Motivated by the mathematical beauty and the recent experimental realizations of fractal systems, we study the spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on a Sierpiński gasket. The fractal porous feature generates new kinds of frustration to exhibit exotic quantum states. Using advanced tensor network techniques, we identify a quantum gapless-spin-liquid ground state in fractional spatial dimension. This fractal spin system also demonstrates nontrivial nonlocal properties. While the extremely short-range correlation causes a highly degenerate spin form factor, the entanglement in this fractal system suggests a long-range scaling behavior. We also study the dynamic structure factor and clearly identify the gapless excitation with a stable corner excitation emerged from the ground-state entanglement. Our results unambiguously point out multiple essential properties of this fractal spin system, and open a new route to explore spin liquid and frustrated magnetism.
Simulation of glow and arc discharges in nitrogen: effects of the cathode emission mechanisms
Authors: Tsonev I , Boothroyd J , Kolev St , Bogaerts A
Published: March 2023

Experimental evidence in the literature has shown that low-current direct current nitrogen discharges can exist in both glow and arc regimes at atmospheric pressure. However, modelling investigations of the positive column that include the influence of the cathode phenomena are scarce. In this work we developed a 2D axisymmetric model of a plasma discharge in flowing nitrogen gas, studying the influence of the two cathode emission mechanisms—thermionic field emission and secondary electron emission—on the cathode region and the positive column. We show for an inlet gas flow velocity of 1 m s−1 in the current range of 80–160 mA, that the electron emission mechanism from the cathode greatly affects the size and temperature of the cathode region, but does not significantly influence the discharge column at atmospheric pressure. We also demonstrate that in the discharge column the electron density balance is local and the electron production and destruction is dominated by volume processes. With increasing flow velocity, the discharge contraction is enhanced due to the increased convective heat loss. The cross sectional area of the conductive region is strongly dependent on the gas velocity and heat conductivity of the gas.
Thermodynamic geometry of ideal quantum gases: a general framework and a geometric picture of BEC-enhanced heat engines
Authors: Eglinton Joshua , Pyhäranta Tuomas , Saito Keiji , Brandner Kay
Published: March 2023

Thermodynamic geometry provides a physically transparent framework to describe thermodynamic processes in meso- and micro-scale systems that are driven by slow variations of external control parameters. Focusing on periodic driving for thermal machines, we extend this framework to ideal quantum gases. To this end, we show that the standard approach of equilibrium physics, where a grand-canonical ensemble is used to model a canonical one by fixing the mean particle number through the chemical potential, can be extended to the slow driving regime in a thermodynamically consistent way. As a key application of our theory, we use a Lindblad-type quantum master equation to work out a dynamical model of a quantum many-body engine using a harmonically trapped Bose-gas. Our results provide a geometric picture of the Bose–Einstein condensate-induced power enhancement that was previously predicted for this type of engine on the basis of an endoreversible model (Myers et al 2022 New J. Phys.
24 025001). Using an earlier derived universal trade-off relation between power and efficiency as a benchmark, we further show that the Bose-gas engine can deliver significantly more power at given efficiency than an equally large collection of single-body engines. Our work paves the way for a more general thermodynamic framework that makes it possible to systematically assess the impact of quantum many-body effects on the performance of thermal machines.
Tunable continuous-wave Yb: GdCOB laser with an electro-optic crystal
Authors: Xiong Jiaxin , Deng Chunxia , Fu Xinhua
Published: March 2023

We present a diode-pumped tunable continuous wave (CW) Yb:Ca4GdO(BO3)3 (Yb:GdCOB) laser using an electro-optic crystal based on the 2
F
5/2−2
F
7/2 transition. The highest output power of 3.21 W was achieved at an emission wavelength of 1030 nm with a slope efficiency of 27.2% with respect to the absorbed pump power. Combined with polarization components Yb:GdCOB, the electro-optical crystal KH2PO4 (KDP) formed a Lyot filter in the cavity and compressed the available gain bandwidth. With an adjustable voltage applied to the KDP crystal, the laser wavelength could be tuned from 1024 to 1034 nm. To our knowledge, it is the first study that has realized the tuning in Yb:GdCOB laser.
Using perceived impacts, governance and social indicators to explain support for protected areas
Authors: Jones Nikoleta , Malesios Chrisovaladis , McGinlay James , Villasante Sebastian , Svajda Juraj , Kontoleon Andreas , Begley Alfie , Gkoumas Vassilis , Cadoret Anne , Dimitrakopoulos Panayiotis G , Maguire-Rajpaul Victoria , Sepp Kalev
Published: March 2023

Protected areas (PAs) are the foremost policy tool for biodiversity conservation internationally. In order for PAs to deliver desired conservation outcomes effectively, equitably, and for the long-term, they require a high level of support from local communities. A mosaic of factors have been proposed aiming to explain the level of support for PAs focusing mainly on governance indicators, perceived social impacts and social attributes, such as personal norms and values. However, these factors are often explored in isolation and in studies of small scale within the scientific literature. To cover this research gap we run a structural equation model exploring how the interconnections between these factors can lead to higher levels of support for PAs using data from 3239 local residents in 10 PAs in Europe. Our analysis shows that the mediation effects of governance indicators, such as trust in institutions and level of public engagement, are important in explaining associations between an individual’s social profile and their perceived social impacts with public support. Our findings also provide a useful and operational framework for PA practitioners and researchers illuminating pathways to increase the level of public support for a PA.
Drivers of household carbon footprints across EU regions, from 2010 to 2015
Authors: Lee Jemyung , Shigetomi Yosuke , Kanemoto Keiichiro
Published: March 2023

Urban regions are responsible for a significant proportion of carbon emissions. The carbon footprint (CF) is a practical measure to identify the responsibility of individuals, cities, or nations in climate change. Numerous CF studies have focused on national accounts, and a few combined consumer consumption and global supply chains to estimate additionally detailed spatial CF. However, the drivers of temporal change in detailed spatial CF are largely unknown, along with regional, spatial, and socioeconomic disparities. Here, we uncovered the drivers of changes in household CFs in EU regions, at the finest scale currently available, between 2010 and 2015. This study mapped the household CFs of 83 macro-regions across 27 EU nations and identified the driving factors underlying their temporal change. We combined multi-regional input-output tables and micro-consumption data from 275 247 and 272 045 households in 2010 and 2015, respectively. We decomposed EU regional CF, employing structural decomposition analysis, into five driving factors: emission intensity, supply chain structure, population, per capita consumption, and final demand share. For a deeper assessment of changes in the contribution of consumption patterns, we further categorized the regional CF into 15 factors, including 11 per capita consumption categories. We found that household CF drivers vary depending on region, population density, income, and consumption patterns. Our results can help policymakers adopt climate policies at the regional level by reflecting on the residents’ socioeconomic, spatial, and consumption conditions, for further ambitious climate actions.
A Holocaust Paragon of Virtue’s Rise to Fame
Authors: Kowner Rotem
Published: March 2023

During the summer of 1940, Sugihara Chiune (1900–1986), the Japanese consul in Lithuania, issued transit visas to several thousand Polish-citizen refugees, mostly Jews. His willingness to do so was instrumental in their departure overseas shortly after the country was taken over by Soviet forces. Almost a year later, as Operation Barbarossa unfolded, the Jewish community in Lithuania, along with the remaining refugees, was brutally annihilated. Decades later, the Israeli state memorial Yad Vashem conferred the title of Righteous Among the Nations on Sugihara, thereby initiating his commemoration as a Holocaust rescuer. Today, Sugihara has become a national hero in Japan and is considered a paragon of virtue in a number of other countries too. This article examines the way Sugihara was transformed from a completely unknown figure into a world-famous symbol of Holocaust-era heroism. It focuses on the transnational mechanisms that facilitated this transformation as well as on the divergent but often also complementary motives in three of the countries most involved in the commemoration: Japan, Israel, and Lithuania. By so doing, this article seeks to uncover the theoretical underpinning of heroism and its memory and the way they are manipulated across cultures.
2022 ASHP Survey of Health-System Specialty Pharmacy Practice: Clinical Services
Authors: Zuckerman Autumn D , Mourani Jessica , Smith Amy , Ortega Melissa , Donovan Jennifer L , Gazda Nicholas P , Tong Kimhouy , Simonson Dana , Kelley Tara , DeClercq Josh , Choi Leena , Pierce Gabrielle
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Results of the first ASHP national survey of clinical services provided by health-system specialty pharmacies (HSSPs) are presented.

Methods

A survey questionnaire was developed by 26 HSSP contacts after reviewing available literature on the role and services of HSSPs. After pilot and cognitive testing resulting in a final questionnaire of 119 questions, a convenience sample of 441 leaders in HSSPs was contacted using email and invited to participate in the survey.

Results

The survey response rate was 29%. Almost half of respondents (48%) had offered pharmacy services for 7 years or more, and most (60%) dispensed more than 15,000 prescriptions annually. Respondents most commonly (42%) reported a specialist model wherein staff are dedicated to specific specialty disease states. Over half of respondents reported providing several medication access, pretreatment assessment, and initial counseling services to patients referred to them, regardless of whether the HSSP was used for medication fulfillment. All HSSP activities were noted to be documented in the electronic health record and visible to providers frequently or always. Almost all respondents noted that HSSP pharmacists have a role in specialty medication selection. Disease-specific outcomes were tracked in 95% of responding HSSPs, with 67% reporting that outcomes were used to drive patient monitoring. HSSPs were often involved in continuity of care services such as transitions of care (reported by 89% of respondents), referral to other health-system services (53%), and addressing social determinants of health (60%). Most respondents (80%) reported providing clinical education to specialty clinic staff, including medicine learners (62%). Though only 12% of respondents had dedicated outcomes research staff, many reported annually publishing (47%) or presenting (61%) outcomes research.

Conclusion

HSSPs are a clinical and educational resource for specialty clinics and have developed robust patient care services that encompass the patient journey from before specialty medication selection through treatment monitoring and optimization.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of the endangered plant Tetraena mongolica
Authors: Liu Bingru , Zhao Xiaoyu , Wang Ziyin , Liu Huili , Huang Xueshuang , Yang Peng
Published: March 2023

Tetraena mongolica is an endangered xerophytic shrub with high ecological value for the restoration of desert vegetation because of its high tolerance to drought and heat stress. Here, we generated a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome of T. mongolica by combining PacBio HiFi data and Hi-C sequencing technologies, which was approximately 1.12 Gb (contig N50 of 25.5 Mb) in size and contained 61,888 protein-coding genes; repetitive sequences comprised 44.8% of the genome. This genome of T. mongolica is the first published genome sequence of a member of the order Zygophyllales. Genome analysis showed that T. mongolica has undergone a recent whole genome duplication event, and a recent burst of long terminal repeat insertions afterward, which may be responsible for its genome size expansion and drought adaptation. We also conducted searches for gene homologues and identified terpene synthase (TPS) gene families and candidate genes involved in triacylglycerol biosynthesis. The T. mongolica genome sequence could aid future studies aimed at functional gene identification, germplasm resource management, molecular breeding efforts, as well as evolutionary studies of Fabids and angiosperm taxa.
Reclaiming Sovereignty over Natural Wealth and Resources in Tanzania: Legal and Regulatory Implications on Investments
Authors: Mwakaje Saudin J , Nyang’anyi Taragwa M
Published: March 2023

The enactment of the legislation on review of unconscionable contractual terms in various investment agreements and the assertion of permanent sovereignty over natural resources marked a significant policy and regulatory shift in Tanzania. The new legislation reopened an opportunity for parliamentary scrutiny over various existing and future investment contracts which, in the opinion of the government, contain unfair terms. The new laws have also sought to introduce a new landscape for investment dispute settlement. This article examines the legal implications of the new laws on the regulation of investments as informed by both: the national investment code and the various international investment obligations assumed by Tanzania. It offers an exploration and critique of the misguided assumption that galvanized the new enactments based on the contemporary narratives and principles of the investment law. It concludes by proposing that the new legislation should be reviewed in line with the constitutional dictates and principles of international investment law.
Mentoring and engaging undergraduate students in authentic research in mammalogy
Authors: Munroe Karen E
Published: March 2023

Undergraduate research is a high-impact educational practice that helps students develop essential professional and personal skills. These skills include tangible field methods and lab techniques, critical thinking, effective communication, integrated and complex problem-solving, metacognition, self-confidence, collegiality, information literacy, and identity development. Participation in undergraduate research experiences increases academic performance, program retention, degree completion, and the number and diversity of students pursuing postbaccalaureate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics degrees. Mentors (faculty, postdoctoral fellow, and graduate students) also benefit from the undergraduate research process by generating publishable scholarship, improvement in leadership skills, and developing rich personal mentoring relationships. Further, a university or college itself benefits from increased institutional reputation and visibility within the scientific community. Nonetheless, many barriers impede students from pursuing research experiences, including a lack of awareness of research opportunities, unfamiliarity with the benefits of a research experience, personal or financial constraints, noncompetitive grade point averages, financial and family needs, maturity, and imposter syndrome. To help mitigate these issues and build a culture of undergraduate research, pathways for implementing undergraduate research in the field of mammalogy are discussed, in addition to advice on mentorship.
The Date of Codex Sinaiticus: Revisiting Milne and Skeat’s Numerical Argument
Authors: Cole Zachary J
Published: March 2023

This article presents new evidence relevant to H. J. M. Milne and T. C. Skeat’s argument for the date of Codex Sinaiticus, which they described as ‘not likely to be much later than about A.D. 360’. Such precision derived in part from their observation of an ‘old system’ of scribal figures for numerals in the thousands found in the codex. In addition to presenting many new relevant comparanda, this study also provides a critical examination of the argument itself. It is argued that although many of Milne and Skeat’s observations were correct, their appeal to numerals to establish a terminus ante quem for Codex Sinaiticus is invalid.
Instantons on Sasakian 7-manifolds
Authors: Portilla Luis E , SÁ Earp Henrique N
Published: March 2023

We study a natural contact instanton equation on gauge fields over 7-dimensional Sasakian manifolds, which is closely related to both the transverse Hermitian Yang–Mills (HYM) condition and the G2-instanton equation. We obtain, by Fredholm theory, a finite-dimensional local model for the moduli space of irreducible solutions. Following the approach by Baraglia and Hekmati in five dimensions [1], we derive cohomological conditions for smoothness and express its dimension in terms of the index of a transverse elliptic operator. Finally, we show that the moduli space of self-dual contact instantons is Kähler, in the Sasakian case. As an instance of concrete interest, we specialize to transversely holomorphic Sasakian bundles over contact Calabi–Yau 7-manifolds, as studied by Calvo-Andrade, Rodríguez and Sá Earp [8], and we show that in this context the notions of contact instanton, integrable G2-instanton and HYM connection coincide.
Implementation and Uptake of Raltegravir Granules in Newborns Diagnosed With HIV Through Birth Testing in Maternity Settings in Zimbabwe During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Denoeud-Ndam Lise , Stecker Carl , Andifasi Precious , Mushavi Angela , Maphosa Talent , Zondo Mongiwa , Murandu Mildrate , Gombakomba Gladys , Katirayi Leila , Mungati More , Bailey Rebecca , Weber Rachel , Rivadeneira Emilia , Hrapcak Susan
Published: March 2023

Zimbabwe introduced raltegravir (RAL) granules at 14 facilities providing point-of-care HIV birth testing, aiming to initiate all newborns with HIV on a RAL-based regimen. From June 2020 to July 2021, we tested 3172 of the 6989 (45%) newborns exposed to HIV; we diagnosed 59(2%) with HIV infection, of whom 27 (46%) initiated RAL. The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus disease pandemic exacerbated supply chain and trained provider shortages, contributing to low birth testing, RAL uptake and 6-month viral load testing.
Permanent Unfitness for Work and Musculoskeletal Diseases
Authors: Bellagamba Gauthier , Metge Hugo ,   Members of the Steering Committee, Villa Antoine , Lehucher-Michel Marie-Pascale
Published: March 2023

Objective

To describe the various musculoskeletal diseases resulting in work-related permanent unfitness for work. Methods: In 2017, a multicenter cross-sectional employee survey in the South of France was conducted by 323 occupational physicians. Results: Of the 359,966 employees monitored, 2788 had permanent unfitness for work. This number included 1078 for musculoskeletal diseases, which was more frequent in women (odds ratio, 1.42; confidence interval, 1.20 to 1.68) and showed an increase in women older than 55 years (odds ratio, 6.42; confidence interval, 4.4 to 6.60). Back disorder was the most common work-related disorder reported (n = 488 [45.4%]), with soft tissue conditions being (n = 237 [22.0%]). Arthropathy (n = 157 [14.6%]) had occupational origins in 282 (44.3%), 169 (26.6%), and 55 (8.6%) cases, respectively. Conclusions: Musculoskeletal disability prevention should be encouraged to avoid resultant employment attrition.