bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Narradores da exclusão ou a infância pobre na literatura brasileira contemporânea
Authors: Martins Georgina
Published: July 2013

Este artigo pretende investigar a representação literária da infância pobre na literatura brasileira contemporânea, bem como o alinhamento entre ética e estética na construção literária de um modelo de infância, a fim de promover o aprofundamento de questões relativas ao tema, como ainda ressaltar as semelhanças e diferenças entre as diversas formas de narrar e de compreender essa representação. Configuram-se em material de análise os contos de Antonio Carlos Viana, Marcelino Freire e Rubens Figueiredo. Autores cujos textos espelham a situação de precariedade em que se encontra uma parcela significativa da infância contemporânea.
Sobre restaurar fios: reflexões sobre a pobreza em A hora da estrela
Authors: Rebello Ivana Ferrante
Published: July 2013

Este artigo lê o romance A hora da estrela, de Clarice Lispector, sob o fulcro da pobreza. Sob a história da nordestina pobre e fracassada para a vida cola-se uma escrita angustiada e autorreflexiva, metaforizada, no plano da narrativa, no ofício de cerzir, interrompido, e na prática deficiente de datilógrafa de Macabéa. A pobreza sem enfeites é recurso da autora para colocar em cena sua impotência de escritora.
Relações intersemióticas entre literatura, cinema, artes plásticas e desenho em dois romances de Márcio Souza
Authors: Castilo Luís Heleno Montoril del , Santos Francisco Ewerton Almeida dos
Published: July 2013

Este trabalho tem por objetivo explorar as relações entre diferentes linguagens artísticas - literatura, cinema, artes plásticas e desenho -, investigando o funcionamento das técnicas de colagem (termo originário das artes plásticas) e montagem (técnica cinematográfica) e de que forma foram transpostas para a literatura. Para tal, tomaremos como objeto de análise os romances Galvez imperador do Acre ([1977] 1983) e A resistível ascensão do Boto Tucuxi (1982), do escritor amazonense Márcio Souza.
Os fantasmas pornô de Santiago Nazarian e seus adolescentes bizarros
Authors: El-Kadi Aileen
Published: July 2013

Este artigo analisa o livro de contos Pornofantasma (Record, 2011) de Santiago Nazarian tendo como centro de análise a sua relação com o gênero pornografia e com a cultura de massa, assim como a maneira como o autor questiona centros e margens de poder a partir do uso de tais gêneros.
Adesão das professoras disfônicas ao tratamento fonoterápico
Authors: Santos Lívia Rodrigues , Almeida Letícia , Teixeira Letícia Caldas , Bassi Iara , Assunção Ada Ávila , Gama Ana Cristina Côrtes
Published: July 2013

OBJETIVO: Estudar os possíveis fatores associados à adesão ao tratamento fonoaudiológico para a disfonia, em mulheres professoras da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Belo Horizonte. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, no qual foram analisados 251 prontuários de professores atendidos no Ambulatório de Voz do Serviço de Fonoaudiologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (AV-UFMG) no período de 2007 a 2009. Foram coletados os seguintes dados: idade, número de sessões programadas, número de faltas, número de filhos, tipo de disfonia, grau da disfonia, renda mensal familiar e escolaridade. Calculou-se a distância, em quilômetros, da residência ao local do tratamento e do local de trabalho ao local do tratamento fonoaudiológico. Analisou-se também o Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social do local de trabalho. RESULTADOS: Dos 251 prontuários analisados, 135 preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Destes 89 (65,93%) correspondem ao grupo que recebeu alta e 46 (34,07%) ao grupo que abandonou o tratamento. Das variáveis estudadas, apenas o número de faltas e o tipo de disfonia apresentaram relação com a adesão à terapia de voz. CONCLUSÃO: O número de ausências às sessões, fator relacionado ao tratamento, e a disfonia do tipo organofuncional, aspecto referente ao quadro clínico, mostraram-se associados ao abandono da terapia de voz.
Diagnosis and Management of Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Orazulike Ngozi C , Konje Justin C
Published: July 2013

Ectopic pregnancy remains to be an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide, although the incidence has remained unchanged especially in developed countries over the last decade. Several factors are responsible for this, including misdiagnosis and failure to institute timely appropriate treatment aimed at preserving fertility and minimizing the associated morbidity. Recent advances in imaging and biomonitoring have reduced the number of women presenting with ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Any attempt to reduce the consequences of ectopic pregnancies must, therefore, focus on improving the diagnosis of the unruptured type and evidenced-based treatment, which is cost effective. In this review, the authors discuss the diagnosis and treatment of this complication in the light of the recent evidence highlighting how improvements can be made to reduce the consequences.
Numerical study of flame structure in the mild combustion regime
Authors: Mardani Amir , Tabejamaat Sadegh
Published: July 2013

In this paper, turbulent non-premixed CH4+H2 jet flame issuing into a hot and
diluted co-flow air is studied numerically. This flame is under condition of
the moderate or intense low-oxygen dilution (MILD) combustion regime and
related to published experimental data. The modelling is carried out using
the EDC model to describe turbulence-chemistry interaction. The DRM-22
reduced mechanism and the GRI2.11 full mechanism are used to represent the
chemical reactions of H2/methane jet flame. The flame structure for various
O2 levels and jet Reynolds numbers are investigated. The results show that
the flame entrainment increases by a decrease in O2 concentration at air side
or jet Reynolds number. Local extinction is seen in the upstream and close to
the fuel injection nozzle at the shear layer. It leads to the higher flame
entertainment in MILD regime. The turbulence kinetic energy decay at centre
line of jet decreases by an increase in O2 concentration at hot Co-flow.
Also, increase in jet Reynolds or O2 level increases the mixing rate and rate
of reactions.
Melting of a phase change material in a horizontal annulus with discrete heat sources
Authors: Mirzaei Hooshyar , Dadvand Abdolrahman , Mastiani Mohammad , Sebti Seyed , Kashani Sina
Published: July 2013

Phase change materials have found many industrial applications such as
cooling of electronic devices and thermal energy storage. This paper
investigates numerically the melting process of a phase change material in a
two-dimensional horizontal annulus with different arrangements of two
discrete heat sources. The sources are positioned on the inner cylinder of
the annulus and assumed as constant-temperature boundary conditions. The
remaining portion of the inner cylinder wall as well as the outer cylinder
wall is considered to be insulated. The emphasis is mainly on the effects of
the arrangement of the heat source pair on the fluid flow and heat transfer
features. The governing equations are solved on a non-uniform O type mesh
using a pressure-based finite volume method with an enthalpy porosity
technique to trace the solid and liquid interface. The results are obtained
at Ra=104 and presented in terms of streamlines, isotherms, melting phase
front, liquid fraction and dimensionless heat flux. It is observed that,
depending on the arrangement of heat sources, the liquid fraction increases
both linearly and non-linearly with time but will slow down at the end of the
melting process. It can also be concluded that proper arrangement of discrete
heat sources has the great potential in improving the energy storage system.
For instance, the arrangement C3 where the heat sources are located on the
bottom part of the inner cylinder wall can expedite the melting process as
compared to the other arrangements.
Emission characteristics of iso-propanol/gasoline blends in a spark-ignition engine combined with exhaust gas re-circulation
Authors: Gong Jing , Zhang Yingjia , Tang Chenglong , Huang Zuohua
Published: July 2013

Experiments were carried out in a spark-ignition engine fueled with
iso-propanol/gasoline blends. Emission characteristics of this engine were
investigated experimentally, including gaseous emissions (HC, CO, NOx) and
particulate matter emission in term of number and size distributions. The
effects of different iso-propanol percentages, loads and exhaust gas
recirculation rates on emissions were analyzed. Results show that the
introduction of exhaust gas recirculation reduces the NOx emission and NOx
emission gives the highest value at full load condition. HC and CO emissions
present inconspicuous variations at all the loads except the load of 10%.
Additionally, HC emission shows a sharp increase for pure propanol when the
exhaust gas recirculation rate is up to 5%, while little variation is
observed at lager exhaust gas recirculation rates. Moreover, the particulate
matter number concentration increases monotonically with the increase of load
and the decrease of exhaust gas recirculation rate. There exists a critical
spark timing that produces the highest particulate matter number
concentration at all the blending ratios.
Experimental investigations of a single cylinder genset engine with common rail fuel injection system
Authors: Gupta Paras , Dhar Atul , Agarwal Avinash
Published: July 2013

Performance and emissions characteristics of compression ignition (CI)
engines are strongly dependent on quality of fuel injection. In an attempt to
improve engine combustion, engine performance and reduce the exhaust
emissions from a single cylinder constant speed genset engine, a common rail
direct injection (CRDI) fuel injection system was deployed and its injection
timings were optimized. Results showed that 34?CA BTDC start of injection
(SOI) timings result in lowest brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and
smoke opacity. Advanced injection timings showed higher cylinder peak
pressure, pressure rise rate, and heat release rate due to relatively longer
ignition delay experienced.
Melatonin Improves Liver Function in Benzene-Treated Rats
Authors: Sharma Seema , Rana Suresh Vir Singh
Published: July 2013

In this study, we investigated the beneficial effects of melatonin against benzene-induced liver function impairments in Wistar rats. After 30 days of treatment, it significantly lowered hepatosomatic indices, bilirubin, and hydroxyproline in male and female benzene-treated rats. Even though it did not influence aspartate aminotransferase, melatonin had beneficial effects on alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. Our results suggest that melatonin is an effective modulator of liver function in benzenetreated rats thanks to its antioxidative properties.
Economical Reactive Powder Concrete Cast Using Available Materials in North Sinai, Egypt
Authors: Meleka Nageh N. , Bashandy Alaa A. , Arab Mohamed A.
Published: July 2013

In this research reactive powder concrete (RPC) was prepared using sand from North Sinai. The mechanical properties of locally cast RPC were investigated and evaluated by studying the effects of using different cement and silica fume contents and new steel fibers’ aspect ratios as reinforcement for RPC. Specimens’ preparation, curing regimes and testing procedures to evaluate the compressive strength, the modulus of elasticity, the indirect tensile strength and the flexural strength were discussed. A compressive strength of 154.5MPa, indirect tensile strength of 11.98MPa, modulus of elasticity of 45.1GPa and flexural strength of 30.26MPa have been achieved for reinforced RPC contains 800 kg/m3 cement content and silica fume content 30% of cement weight. The test results showed some improvements by increasing cement and silica fume contentsas well as adding steel fibers on the compressive strength, modulus of elasticity and indirect tensile strength.
Evaluation of Probability of Bridge Damage as a Result of Terrorist Attack
Authors: Duchaczek A. , Skorupka D.
Published: July 2013

The paper presents an approach for evaluation of the likelihood of damage to the transportation infrastructure in the context of the terrorist attacks on the example of a number of bridges located in Wrocław (Poland). Assuming that there will be only one bridge destroyed in a given area, in order to determine the probability of damage to one of the objects, there was one of multi-criteria optimization methods used, i.e. the method of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The main advantage of the analysis carried out was that the accepted hierarchy of decision-making options could be easily explained in a scientific manner, not only with reference to personal knowledge, experience, and intuition.
Investigations of Fatigue of Asphalt Layers with Geosynthetics
Authors: Zieliński P.
Published: July 2013

This paper presents the results of an extensive investigation of asphalt concrete beams with geosynthetics interlayer. The subject of the research is an evaluation of influence of geosynthetics interlayer applied to bituminous samples on their fatigue life. The results of the tests evidences that when geosynthetics are used, the fatigue life depends mainly on the type of bituminous mixture, the type of geosynthetics, and the type and the amount of bitumen used for saturation and sticking. The amount of bitumen used to saturate and fix the geosynthetic significantly changes the samples fatigue properties. Essential positive correlation between fatigue and parameters of interlayer bonding (shear strength, shear stiffness) occurs in both testing temperatures.
The Investigation of Mercury Contents in Polish Coal Samples
Authors: Wichliński Michał , Kobyłecki Rafał , Bis Zbigniew
Published: July 2013

This paper presents the results of the investigation associated with the determination of mercury content in Polish hard coal and lignite samples. Those coals are major fuels used for electricity generation in Poland. The results indicated that the average content of mercury in the coal samples was roughly about 100 ng/g. Apart from the determination of the mercury contents a detailed ultimate and proximate analysis of the coal samples was also carried out. The relationships between the mercury content and ash, as well as fixed carbon, volatile matter, sulfur, and high heating value of the coal samples were also established. Furthermore, the effect of coal enrichment was also investigated, and it was found that the enrichment process enabled the removal of up to 75% of the coal mercury from the samples.
Biosorption of Pb(II) and Zn(II) by Extracellular Polymeric Substance (Eps) of Rhizobium Radiobacter: Equilibrium, Kinetics and Reuse Studies
Authors: Wang Lili , Yang Jixian , Chen Zhonglin , Liu Xiaowei , Ma Fang
Published: July 2013

The extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) produced from Rhizobium radiobacter F2, designated as EPSF2, was investigated as a biosorbent for the removal of Pb(II) and Zn(II) from aqueous solution. The optimum biosorption pH values were 5.0 for Pb(II) and 6.0 for Zn(II). Kinetics study revealed that the biosorption followed pseudo-first-order model well, and the equilibrium data fit the Langmuir model better. The adsorbed metal ions could be effectively desorbed by HCl. Desrobed EPSF2 regained 80% of the initial biosorption capacity after five cycles of biosorption-desorption-elution. These results demonstrated that EPSF2 could be a promising alternative for Pb(II) and Zn(II) removal from aqueous solution.
Pilot Plant Studies on Nox Removal Via No Ozonation and Absorption
Authors: Kordylewski Włodzimierz , Jakubiak Maciej , Hardy Tomasz
Published: July 2013

The results of experimental investigations on the removal of NOx from gases applying ozone as the oxidizing agent and the absorption of higher nitrogen oxides in the sodium hydroxide solutions are presented. The experiment was conducted using a pilot plant installation with the air flow rate 200 m3/h, being a prototype of a boiler flue gas duct and a FGD scrubber. It was shown that in the range of [NOref] = 50 ÷ 250 ppm the mechanism of NO ozonation depends on the molar ratio X = O3/NOref: for X ≤ 1.0 oxidation of NO to NO2 predominates and NO2 is poorly absorbed, for X >> 1.0 NO2 undergoes further oxidation to N2O5, which is efficiently absorbed in the scrubber. The stoichiometric molar ratio of complete conversion of NO into N2O5 is X = 1.5, in these studies to reach the effectiveness η ≥ 90% the molar ratio X was much higher (2.75).
Role of Landfill Cover in Reducing Methane Emission
Authors: Cao Yucheng , Staszewska Ewelina
Published: July 2013

Uncontrolled emissions of landfill gas may contribute significantly to climate change, since its composition represents a high fraction of methane, a greenhouse gas with 100- year global warming potential 25 times that of carbon dioxide. Landfill cover could create favourable conditions for methanotrophy (microbial methane oxidation), an activity of using bacteria to oxidize methane to carbon dioxide. This paper presents a brief review of methanotrophic activities in landfill cover. Emphasis is given to the effects of cover materials, environmental conditions and landfill vegetation on the methane oxidation potential, and to their underlying effect mechanisms. Methanotrophs communities and methane oxidation kinetics are also discussed. Results from the overview suggest that well-engineered landfill cover can substantially increase its potential for reducing emissions of methane produced in landfill to the atmosphere.
Foraminiferal and radiolarian biostratigraphy of the youngest (Late Albian through Late Cenomanian) sediments of the Tatra massif, Central Western Carpathians
Authors: Bąk Krzysztof , Bąk Marta
Published: July 2013

Bąk, K. and Bąk M. 2013. Foraminiferal and radiolarian biostratigraphy of the youngest (Late Albian through Late Cenomanian) sediments of the Tatra massif, Central Western Carpathians. Acta Geologica Polonica, 63 (2), 223-237. Warszawa.

The foraminiferal and radiolarian biostratigraphy of selected sections of the Zabijak Formation, the youngest sediments of the Tatra massif (Central Western Carpathians), have been studied. Benthic foraminifers, mainly agglutinated species, occur abundantly and continuously throughout the studied succession, while planktic foraminifers are generally sparse. Five planktic and two benthic foraminiferal zones have been recognized. The marly part of the Zabijak Formation comprises the Pseudothalmanninella ticinensis (Upper Albian) through the Rotalipora cushmani (Upper Cenomanian) planktic foraminiferal zones, and the Haplophragmoides nonioninoides and Bulbobaculites problematicus benthic foraminiferal zones. The radiolarians were recognized exclusively in the Lower Cenomanian part of the formation.
Anisotropy properties of the quartzite from Jegłowa, Poland
Authors: Marciniszyn Tomasz , Sieradzki Adam
Published: July 2013

Marciniszyn, T. and Sieradzki, A. 2013. Anisotropy properties of the quartzite from Jegłowa, Poland. Acta Geologica Polonica, 63 (2), 265-269. Warszawa.

Results of the dielectric spectroscopy, thermal and dilatometric measurements of the quartzite rock are presented. Based on the dielectric measurements performed in a wide range of the frequency (101 - 5 ・ 107 Hz) at temperature of 300K the piezoresonance in quartzite was found. A chemical composition of quartzite was examined by XRF. The anisotropy of the thermal conductivity was observed. The thermal conductivity coefficient changes from 13.2 [W/Km] to 5.6 [W/Km] for the [100] and [001] direction, respectively. Based on the thermal expansion measurement the thermal expansion coefficient of quartzite was estimated to be α Q = 8.0 ・ 10-6 [K-1 ] ±0.7 ・ 10-6 .
Congenital bilateral hydronephrosis diagnosed before birth, associated with vesicoureteral reflux, highlighted by urinary tract infection at the he age of 2 months - case presentation
Authors: Bădescu Anca Gabriela , Tica C. , Mihai Larisia
Published: July 2013

Vesicoureteral reflux is characterized by the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder to the kidneys. Vesicoureteral reflux may be associated with urinary tract infection, hydronephrosis, and abnormal kidney development (renal dysplasia). Hydronephrosis - literally “water inside the kidney” - refers to distension and dilatation of the renal pelvis and calyces, usually caused by obstruction of the free flow of urine from the kidney. Untreated, it leads to progressive atrophy of the kidney. In cases of hydroureteronephrosis, there is distention of both the ureter and the renal pelvis and ureteres.

However, in the current era, hydronephrosis that is evident on fetal ultrasonography often heralds a ureteral abnormality. Hydronephrosis is defined as dilatation of the renal pelvis and/or calyces. Vesicoureteral reflux may present before birth as prenatal hydronephrosis, an abnormal widening of the ureter or with a urinary tract infection or acute pyelonephritis.

The authors present a case of bilateral VUR of IVth grade associated with congenital hydronephrosis of IIIrd grade, diagnosed before birth with bilateral hydronephrosis, and taken into evidence at 2 months when he was first diagnosed with urinary tract infection. Positive diagnosis was facilitated by laboratory investigations (urine analysis, urine culture, voiding cystourethrography, static renal scintigraphy).
Operating Characteristics of the A8c22 Engine in an Sm42 Locomotive Fuelled by Mixtures of Rme with Diesel Fuel
Authors: Cisek Jerzy , Mruk Andrzej
Published: July 2013

Shrnutí

Vyzkum vyznamnějši rozšiřeni použiti obnovitelnych zdrojů (bio-paliv) ve spalovacich motorech trva již vice než dvacet let. Jednim z vysledků je i směrnice EU, ktera nařizuje, že v cilovem roce 2020 by mělo byt přidavano až 20 % biopaliv do ropnych paliv. Ve středni Evropě, s ohledem na plodiny rostouci v teto klimaticke zoně, je touto přiměsi zejmena řepkovy olej a jeho metyl estery. Proto se vyzkum tyka těchto paliv.

Zkušebnim motorem byl vidlicovy osmivalec s objemem jednoho valce 10,2 dm3, typove značeni 8C22, největši vykon je 530 kW při jmenovitych otačkach 1000 1/min. Tento motor je mimo jine použivan v posunovacich lokomotivach SM42. Po předchozich diagnostickych průzkumech bylo použita čtyři paliva: standardni nafta (B0), to same palivo se 40 % přiměsi (B40) a 50 % RME - metyl ester řepkoveho oleje (B50). Nasledně bylo zkoušeno palivo B50+ se specialnimi aditivy. Vyzkum energetickych parametrů a toxicity vyfukovych plynů byl provaděn na motoru zabudovanem do lokomotivy SM42. Zkoušky byly provaděny podle metodiky 2004/26/WE a UIC 624 Chart.

Bylo zjištěno, že narůst podilu RME (metylesteru řepkoveho oleje) až do hodnoty 50 % v naftě, zvyšuje hodnotu hodinove spotřeby až o 10 % při volnoběhu a až o 15 % při plnem zatiženi motoru oproti motorove naftě. Dale bylo zjištěno, že koncentrace CO ve vyfukovych plynech s rostouci koncentraci esteru v palivu při volnoběhu, při středni zatěži se neměni a naopak při plne zatěži motoru koncentrace CO klesaji. Pro malou a středni zatěž byl vypozorovan pokles HC. Při volnoběhu bylo zjištěno sniženi emisi NOx při narůstu koncentrace RME. To je pro posunovaci lokomitivy vyznamne, protože často pracuji při volnoběhu. Pro zkoušena paliva, byla stanoveny odolnost vůči karbonizaci vstřikovačů a některe tribologicke charakteristiky. Paliva obsahujici do 40 % RME vyhovuji kriteriu vzniku karbonizace.
Tractor Pulling Tests Supported by Ecu Data Reading
Authors: Čupera Jiří , Sedlák Pavel , Bauer František , Fajman Martin
Published: July 2013

Shrnutí

Članek popisuje možnost využiti dat ze sběrnice CAN nebo ISO-BUS pro tahove zkoušky traktoru. Zkoušeni sestavalo z polnich a laboratornich zkoušek, před vlastnim polnim měřenim byl motor zkoušen na dynamometru. Parametry odečtene ze sběrnice CAN byly validovany externimi snimači a byla vyhodnocena jejich chyba. Na zakladě měřeni bylo shledano, že chyba prezentovaneho zatiženi odečteneho ze sběrnice CAN je velmi vyznamna. Pro zpřesněni teto hodnoty je nutne vytvořit regresni funkci. Model byl dale ověřen a byla vypočtena nejistota. Bylo shledano, že pro zahrnuti parametrů sběrnice CAN do testovacich procedur je nutne provest předchozi statistickou analyzu parametrů.
Determinants of water consumption in the dairy industry
Authors: Wojdalski Janusz , Dróżdż Bogdan , Piechocki Janusz , Gaworski Marek , Zander Zygmunt , Marjanowski Jan
Published: July 2013

This paper analyzes the correlations between selected technical, process and production factors, equipment profiles and water consumption statistics in four types of dairy plants. Dairy plants were surveyed both individually and in groups. Water consumption was most highly correlated (r > 0.868) with equipment profiles. The highest water consumption was observed in dairy plants operating milk powder departments. In those plants, organization and production factors could significantly reduce water consumption levels because in addition to milk powder, those plants also supplied eight other products. The indicators of water consumption per unit of the final product were correlated (at 0.820 > | r | > 0.663) with equipment profiles, the degree of process automation and employment. Variations in water consumption per unit of the final product were best explained in small plants supplying several products. The presented equations can be used to optimize water demand of various types of equipment and to determine the correlations with energy consumption for wastewater treatment. Our results can contribute to the development of water consumption models in dairy plants and the implementation of clean production standards.
The relationship between neuroticism, coping styles and emotions in women with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome: A moderated mediation analysis
Authors: Bargiel-Matusiewicz Kamilla , Kroemeke Aleksandra , Polańska Katarzyna
Published: July 2013

Abstract Objectives

Study participants are 46 women (age 23.48 ± 4.88 years) with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (M-R-K-H) syndrome. Occurrence of the M-R-K-H syndrome is one in 4000-5000 female children. It was investigated (a) whether coping styles mediate the effect of neuroticism (N) on positive (PA) and negative (NA) affect, and (b) whether this mediation is moderated by the level of N as well as (c) whether this moderated mediation is moderated by length of awareness of illness. Methods: Neuroticism, coping style as well as positive and negative emotions were assessed using the Polish version of NOE-FFI, CISS and Scale of Emotional State. Results: Emotion coping style fully (for PA) or partly (for NA) mediated the relationship between neuroticism and emotions and these mediations were moderated by the level of N. Additionally, direct effect of neuroticism on NA was moderated by the time for which a patient has been aware of the disease. Conclusions: The level of neuroticism and the length of illness are important factors for the psychological functioning of women with M-R-K-H Syndrome. In women with medium and high neuroticism, (positive) effect of N on NA was indirect and also direct - but only in those who have been aware of the diagnosis for 6 years or more. Relations with positive emotions were different: the indirect effect (negative) was observed only in women with a moderate and low neuroticism.
Agronomical Characters of Introduced New Blackcurrant Cultivars
Authors: Sasnauskas Audrius , Šikšnianas Tadeušas , Stanys Vidmantas , Viškelis Pranas , Bobinaitė Ramunė , Rubinķkiene Marina , Bobinas Česlovas
Published: July 2013

The blackcurrant cultivars ‘Abanos’, ‘Ronix’, ‘Deea’, ‘Geo’ (Romania), ‘Almo’ (Estonia), ‘Narve Viking’, ‘Varde Viking’ (Norway), ‘Mikael’ (Finland), and standard cultivar ‘Ben Tirran’ (Scotland) were tested at the Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry in 2009-2012. Two-year-old bushes were planted in an orchard in 2009. Bush parameters (vigour and width, m), resistance to anthracnose (Pseudopeziza ribis) and leaf spot (Septoria ribis), berry weight (weight of 100 fruits), yield (kg/bush) and biochemical composition were determined. The study showed that ‘Geo’ was most resistant to fungal disease. Fruits of ‘Abanos’ and ‘Almo’ were the largest. Yield of cultivars ‘Ronix’, ‘Ben Tirran’ and ‘Deea’ were the highest. ‘Abanos’ and ‘Geo’ had the highest content of soluble solids, ‘Ben Tirran’ of titratable acid, ‘Varde Viking’ of anthocyanins and phenols, and ‘Ronix’ and ‘Narve Viking’of ascorbic acid.
Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetes – Clasic Sources of Vascular Oxidative Stress (Nadph Oxidases, Enos Uncoupling and Xanthine Oxidase)
Authors: Munteanu Mircea , Sturza Adrian , Schiller Adalbert , Timar Romulus
Published: July 2013

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of disease / mortality worldwide. It is generally accepted that increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has an important role in cardiovascular pathology, contributing to endothelial dysfunction and to the aggravation of atherosclerosis. Among all cardiovascular risk factors, diabetes mellitus is one of the most important. The worldwide prevalence of diabetes has increased rapidly even in developing countries, doubling the combined risk of cardiovascular events in patients with hypertension. In diabetes, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production leads to endothelial dysfunction, recognized by the presence of impaired vascular relaxation, increased vascular smooth muscle cells growth and hypertrophy, all together contributing to atherosclerotic plaque formation. On this basis, the vascular endothelium has emerged as a therapeutic target, with the aim to improve systemic metabolic state by improving vascular function. In this review we have focused on the most important sources of reactive oxygen species generated by vascular endothelium in diabetic patients (NADPH Oxidases, eNOS uncoupling, Xanthine oxidase). The importance of oxidative stress in mediating the vascular complications of diabetes is supported by studies showing that antioxidant therapy correct the vascular function in humans or in experimental models of diabetes. Therefore, understanding the physiological mechanisms involved in vascular disorders resulting from hyperglycemia is essential for the proper use of available therapeutic resources.
The Lindelöf principle in ℂn
Authors: Dovbush Peter
Published: July 2013

Let D be a bounded domain in ℂn. A holomorphic function f: D → ℂ is called normal function if f satisfies a Lipschitz condition with respect to the Kobayashi metric on D and the spherical metric on the Riemann sphere ̅ℂ. We formulate and prove a few Lindelöf principles in the function theory of several complex variables.
Clinical, radiological, and pathological features of 26 intracranial and intraspinal malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors
Authors: Ren Xiaohui , Wang Junmei , Hu Mengqing , Jiang Haihui , Yang Jun , Jiang Zhongli
Published: July 2013

Object

Intracranial and intraspinal malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are rarely reported because of their extremely low incidence. Knowledge about these tumors is poor. In this study the authors aimed to analyze the incidence and clinical, radiological, and pathological features of intracranial and intraspinal MPNSTs.

Methods

Among 4000 cases of intracranial and intraspinal PNSTs surgically treated between 2004 and 2011 at Beijing Tiantan Hospital, cases of MPNST were chosen for analysis and were retrospectively reviewed. To determine which parameters were associated with longer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), statistical analysis was performed.

Results

Malignant PNSTs accounted for 0.65% of the entire series of intracranial and intraspinal PNSTs. Twenty-four (92.3%) of these 26 MPNSTs were primary. Radiologically, 26.9% (7 of 26) of the MPNSTs were misdiagnosed as nonschwannoma diseases. Twenty-one patients were followed up for 1.5 to 102 months after surgery. Twelve patients experienced tumor recurrence, and median PFS was 15.0 months. The 2- and 3-year PFS rates were 47.7% and 32.7%, respectively. Five patients died of tumor recurrence, and median OS was not available. The 2- and 3-year OS rates were 74.7% and 64.0%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that female sex, total tumor removal, and primary MPNSTs were significantly associated with a better prognosis. Multivariate analysis revealed that only total removal was an independent prognostic factor for both PFS and OS.

Conclusions

Malignant PNST within the skull or spinal canal is a rare neoplasm and is seldom caused by benign schwannomas. Radiologically, intracranial or intraspinal MPNST should be differentiated from meningioma, chordoma, fibrous dysplasia of bone, and ear cancer. Total resection whenever possible is necessary for the prolonged survival of patients, especially males.
Gamma Knife surgery anterior capsulotomy for severe and refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Sheehan Jason P. , Patterson Gregory , Schlesinger David , Xu Zhiyuan
Published: July 2013

Object

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a challenging psychiatric condition associated with anxiety and ritualistic behaviors. Although medical management and psychiatric therapy are effective for many patients, severe and extreme cases may prove refractory to these approaches. The authors evaluated their experience with Gamma Knife (GK) capsulotomy in treating patients with severe OCD.

Methods

A retrospective review of an institutional review board–approved prospective clinical GK database was conducted for patients treated for severe OCD. All patients were evaluated preoperatively by at least one psychiatrist, and their condition was deemed refractory to pharmacological and psychiatric therapy.

Results

Five patients were identified. Gamma Knife surgery with the GK Perfexion unit was used to target the anterior limb of the internal capsule bilaterally. A single 4-mm isocenter was used; maximum radiation doses of 140–160 Gy were delivered. All 5 patients were preoperatively and postoperatively assessed for clinical response by using both subjective and objective metrics, including the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS); 4 of the 5 patients had postoperative radiological follow-up. The median clinical follow-up was 24 months (range 6–33 months). At the time of radiosurgery, all patients had YBOCS scores in the severe or extreme range (median 32, range 31–34). At the last follow-up, 4 (80%) of the 5 patients showed marked clinical improvement; in the remaining patient (20%), mild improvement was seen. The median YBOCS score was 13 (range 12–31) at the last follow-up. Neuroimaging studies at 6 months after GK treatment demonstrated a small area of enhancement corresponding to the site of the isocenter and some mild T2 signal changes in the internal capsule. No adverse clinical effects were noted from the radiosurgery.

Conclusions

For patients with severe OCD refractory to medications and psychiatric therapy, GK capsulotomy afforded clinical improvement. Further study of this approach seems warranted.
A standardized nomenclature for cervical spine soft-tissue release and osteotomy for deformity correction
Authors: Ames Christopher P. , Smith Justin S. , Scheer Justin K. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Lafage Virginie , Deviren Vedat , Moal Bertrand , Protopsaltis Themistocles , Mummaneni Praveen V. , Mundis Gregory M. , Hostin Richard , Klineberg Eric , Burton Douglas C. , Hart Robert , Bess Shay , Schwab Frank J. , _ _
Published: July 2013

Object

Cervical spine osteotomies are powerful techniques to correct rigid cervical spine deformity. Many variations exist, however, and there is no current standardized system with which to describe and classify cervical osteotomies. This complicates the ability to compare outcomes across procedures and studies. The authors' objective was to establish a universal nomenclature for cervical spine osteotomies to provide a common language among spine surgeons.

Methods

A proposed nomenclature with 7 anatomical grades of increasing extent of bone/soft tissue resection and destabilization was designed. The highest grade of resection is termed the major osteotomy, and an approach modifier is used to denote the surgical approach(es), including anterior (A), posterior (P), anterior-posterior (AP), posterior-anterior (PA), anterior-posterior-anterior (APA), and posterior-anterior-posterior (PAP). For cases in which multiple grades of osteotomies were performed, the highest grade is termed the major osteotomy, and lower-grade osteotomies are termed minor osteotomies. The nomenclature was evaluated by 11 reviewers through 25 different radiographic clinical cases. The review was performed twice, separated by a minimum 1-week interval. Reliability was assessed using Fleiss kappa coefficients.

Results

The average intrarater reliability was classified as “almost perfect agreement” for the major osteotomy (0.89 [range 0.60–1.00]) and approach modifier (0.99 [0.95–1.00]); it was classified as “moderate agreement” for the minor osteotomy (0.73 [range 0.41–1.00]). The average interrater reliability for the 2 readings was the following: major osteotomy, 0.87 (“almost perfect agreement”); approach modifier, 0.99 (“almost perfect agreement”); and minor osteotomy, 0.55 (“moderate agreement”). Analysis of only major osteotomy plus approach modifier yielded a classification that was “almost perfect” with an average intrarater reliability of 0.90 (0.63–1.00) and an interrater reliability of 0.88 and 0.86 for the two reviews.

Conclusions

The proposed cervical spine osteotomy nomenclature provides the surgeon with a simple, standard description of the various cervical osteotomies. The reliability analysis demonstrated that this system is consistent and directly applicable. Future work will evaluate the relationship between this system and health-related quality of life metrics.
Long-term quality of life in children treated for posterior fossa brain tumors
Authors: Kulkarni Abhaya V. , Piscione Janine , Shams Iffat , Bouffet Eric
Published: July 2013

Object

In the face of increasing survival, quality of life (QOL) has become an important indicator of treatment success in children with posterior fossa brain tumors (PFBTs). The authors' objective was to assess the long-term QOL in survivors of PFBT.

Methods

The authors conducted a cross-sectional study of children who, between birth and age 18 years at diagnosis, had previously been treated at their institution for a PFBT. At the time of assessment for this study, children were between 5 and 19 years old and had received standard treatment for PFBT ending at least 6 months before the assessment. The QOL was measured with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) generic score scales and the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3). Multivariate analyses were used to assess several variables (patient related, treatment related, and socioeconomic) for association with QOL.

Results

A total of 62 children participated in the study (median age at assessment 11.9 years, interquartile range [IQR] 7.8–14.8, and median age at tumor diagnosis of 4.9 years, IQR 2.5–6.9). Median time since active treatment for their PFBT was 5.2 years (IQR 2.4–10.1). Tumor types included cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma (45.2%), medulloblastoma (30.6%), ependymoma (11.3%), and brainstem astrocytoma (11.3%). Adjuvant therapy included chemotherapy (40.3%) or radiotherapy (14.5% focal and 21.0% craniospinal radiotherapy). Permanent treatment for hydrocephalus was required in 38.7% of the patients. Tumors recurred in 11.3%, requiring repeat treatment in these patients. The median HUI3 utility score was 0.91 (IQR 0.71–1.00) and the median PedsQL total score was 78.3 (IQR 64.1–92.4). Only the following variables were significantly associated with decreased QOL in multivariable model testing (all p < 0.05): need for permanent hydrocephalus treatment, large ventricle size, decreased family functioning, and lower family income.

Conclusions

As a group, long-term survivors of pediatric PFBT appear to have QOL indicators that are similar to those of the general population, although a reasonable minority of patients experience poor outcomes. Although several confounding variables likely remain in this retrospective study, important associations with QOL include the presence of hydrocephalus and socioeconomic factors. The study sample size, however, was limited and the presence of other important factors cannot be excluded.
Delayed hypersensitivity reaction caused by metal-on-metal total disc replacement
Authors: Zairi Fahed , Remacle Jean Michel , Allaoui Mohamed , Assaker Richard
Published: July 2013

The authors report the case of a 53-year-old woman who underwent placement of a metal-on-metal total disc replacement (TDR) device for the treatment of discogenic back pain. The initial postoperative course was normal, but 2 months after surgery she started to complain of a recurrence of pain and she progressively developed cauda equina syndrome. Radiological and biological findings showed an inflammatory polyneuropathy associated with an epidural mass. A diagnosis of cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction (Type IV) was made after patch testing showed positive reactions for 1% cobalt chloride and chromium. A decision was made to remove the TDR device and to perform a circumferential fusion. This report is intended to inform the reader that systemic metal release and hypersensitivity reaction are possible complications of metal-on-metal TDR.
Minimally invasive deformity correction: surgical technique
Authors: Chen Kevin S. , Than Khoi D. , LaMarca Frank , Park Paul
Published: July 2013

This video details a minimally invasive treatment of symptomatic adult kyphoscoliosis. Both anterior and posterior approaches are used to obtain sagittal and coronal balance. In addition, improved lumbar lordosis is achieved to closely match the patient's pelvic incidence. The key steps for the lateral transpsoas procedure are detailed in the first portion of the video and include positioning, fluoroscopic localization, exposure with tubular retractor placement, interbody preparation and grafting, and closure. The second portion of the video shows positioning, fluoroscopic positioning/guidance, exposure for percutaneous pedicle screw placement, rod insertion, and closure.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/cHkTMtSXZ8A.
Minimally invasive transpedicular approach for evacuation of epidural abscess and debridement of disc space in a patient with discitis in the thoracic spine
Authors: Tan Lee A. , Takagi Ippei , Deutsch Harel
Published: July 2013

Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) often requires prompt surgical decompression to prevent potential devastating neurological deficits. Dorsally located SEA usually can be evacuated via simple laminectomies. Ventral SEA often requires an anterior approach such as thoracotomy to achieve adequate exposure and decompression. We report a case of ventral thoracic SEA associated with discitis and osteomyelitis that was successfully treated via minimally invasive transpedicular approach. The patient had immediate and dramatic symptomatic improvement and was ambulatory on post-operative Day 1. The minimally invasive transpedicular approach avoids the surgical morbidity associated with anterior approach and is effective surgical alternative to treat ventral SEA.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/do-K1VWYhi4.
Minimally invasive lumbar foraminotomy
Authors: Deutsch Harel
Published: July 2013

Lumbar radiculopathy is a common problem. Nerve root compression can occur at different places along a nerve root's course including in the foramina. Minimal invasive approaches allow easier exposure of the lateral foramina and decompression of the nerve root in the foramina. This video demonstrates a minimally invasive approach to decompress the lumbar nerve root in the foramina with a lateral to medial decompression.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/jqa61HSpzIA.
Bilateral tubular minimally invasive approach for decompression, reduction and fixation in lumbosacral lythic spondylolisthesis
Authors: Barbagallo Giuseppe M.V. , Certo Francesco , Sciacca Giovanni , Albanese Vincenzo
Published: July 2013

This video demonstrates the minimally invasive surgical technique used in a 56-year-old woman suffering from L-5 spondylolysis and grade 2 L5–S1 spondylolisthesis. The first author used expandable tubular retractors bilaterally to perform neural decompression, mini-open TLIF, spondylolysthesis reduction and L5–S1 pedicle screw fixation. L-5 cement augmentation was performed through cannulated and fenestrated screws to enhance resistance to screw pull-out secondary to reduction maneuvers.

Sequential surgical steps related to microsurgery, spondylolysthesis reduction and instrumentation are shown and commented.

We submit that in cases of lythic spondylolisthesis a bilateral traversing and exiting nerve roots decompression is a safer option prior to performing the deformity reduction and fixation; the proposed minimally invasive technique may help in reducing surgical morbidity and improving postoperative recovery.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/G4Qdg-A-Y3M.
Endoscope-assisted minimally invasive transforaminal thoracic interbody fusion
Authors: Liao Chih-Hsiang , Wu Jau-Ching , Huang Wen-Cheng , Wang Wei-Hsin , Chang Peng-Yuan , Cheng Henrich , Yang-Shih
Published: July 2013

Surgical treatment of thoracic disc herniation is technically challenging from anterior, lateral or posterior approaches. Because of the deeply located thoracic discs and non-retractable thoracic thecal sac, standard anterior and lateral procedures for discectomy require extensive tissue dissection causing prolonged lengths of stay in hospital. In this video, the authors present a case of calcified disc herniation at the level of T10/11 causing paraplegia and voiding difficulty. The patient was operated on via an endoscope-assisted minimally invasive transforaminal thoracic interbody fusion (EA-TTIF). The herniated disc and calcification were removed through a 26-mm tubular retractor, under microscopes via a unilateral transpedicular approach. The endoscopes were used for direct visualization of the ventral thecal sac and confirmation of complete decompression. After the operation, the patient's neurological function completely recovered. Minimally invasive EA-TTIF is a viable and effective option for the surgical management of thoracic disc herniation. Thoracic interbody fusion can be achieved through a minimally invasive approach from the back.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/54rRMtvSyCM.
Mini-open posterior approach for adult deformity correction
Authors: Upadhyaya Cheerag , Ziewacs John , Mummaneni Praveen
Published: July 2013

Minimally invasive surgical (MIS) approaches are gaining popularity in many surgical fields. Potential advantages include reduced blood loss, shorter length of stay, and less soft-tissue trauma. Potential disadvantages include inadequate deformity correction, increased fluoroscopy, longer operative times, and decreased posterolateral fusion surface area exposure.

This video demonstrates the key steps in our mini-open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) using an expandable tubular retractor, placement of cannulated pedicle instrumentation, and subsequent deformity correction. The video demonstrates positioning, surgical opening through a midline incision, a bilateral Wiltse plane tubular approach for the TLIF, placement of bilateral cannulated pedicle screws, and deformity correction.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/9GH3qsCGX3E.