The growth of rusty mushrooms (Puccinia graminis Pers.) on barberries (genus Berberis L.)
Authors: Reshetiuk O. V. , Filipenko A. B. 
Published: December 2020

Formulation of the problem. Representatives of the genus Berberis L. (Berberidaceae Juss.) are extremely promising as valuable medicinal, melliferous, fruitful and also decorative shrubs. But rusty mushrooms (Puccinia graminis Pers.) are progressing, which are parasitizing on cereals. The danger forgrowing cereal crops, barberries have when some of their species are growing close to the field. The aim of the study was an estimation of risk of growth rusty mushroom on cultivated species of barberries, that gave a possibility to detect the most stable to such diseases species and to recommend them for using in decorative landscaping or in plantations of raw materials. 30 species of barberries, which arecultivating in botanical garden Yurii Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, were exploring during 2014-2018. The growth of rusty mushrooms on barberries was studied by degree of affected leaves. The analysisof weather indicator from April-May confirmed dependence from their active germination taleotospores Puccinia graminis and formation of basidiyas with basidiospores by period of outsight. The intensity of affection barberries leaves by rusty mushrooms is comparatively not high and isn’t over 12-15 %. Also 8 species of barberries are detected as absolutely resistant against rusty mushrooms, so that there were no features of affection on them. If we compare these indicators with information about origin of separate species barberries, we can mark that the most resistant to rusty mushrooms are species, which are originate from South China (East Asian) region. Most of them didn’t have any features of affection by rusty mushrooms in all period of outsight at all (5 years). The biggest affection from rusty mushrooms was noticed in species of barberries which come from the Himalayas, Central Asia and Europe. Therefore, in planning barberries cultivations it is expedient to consider the origin of separate species and accordingly determine risks of their introduction in culture. We excreted 3 groups of species among barberries by degree of fortitude to rusty mushrooms: 1. Completely resistant species, which don’t affect by rusty mushrooms in different weather conditions: (B. beaniana, B. brachypoda, B. dasystachya, B. dielsiana, B. gagnepainii, B. gilgiana, B. holstii, B. thunbergii) – 8 species; 2. Relatively resistant species, the level of affection of rusty mushrooms not more than 10 % of leaf surface (B. аetnensis, B. аggregata, B. аngulosa, B. сircumserrata, B. lycium, B. oblonga, B. orthobotrys, B.spathulata) – 8 spesies; 3. Unstable to rusty mushrooms species in which the affection is more than 10% of leaf surface (B. аemulans, B. аlksuthiensis, B. аmurensis, B. аristata, B. сoreana, B. dielsiana, B. edgeworthiana, B. giraldii, B. integerrima, B. laxiflora, B. notabilis, B. regeliana, B. reticulata, B. vulgaris) – 14 species. As we can see from the table, the intensity of growth rusty mushrooms on the barberry’s leaves are changing the separate years. The literature confirms that the activity of dissemination taleotospores, development of mushroom hyphae with formation basidiyas and basidiospores, also dissemination the last one depends on weather conditions of April-May, that is the period when they are progressing and carrying by wind and insects affecting barberries leaves. We compared the indicators of affection leaves with average indicators of total average daily temperaturesand precipitations in April-May by the period of observation, and between them had been detected certain dependence. The degree of rusty mushroom growth on barberries leaves was detected proportional to dynamics of increase middle-daily temperatures of air and inversely proportional to increasing amount of precipitation at this period. The most dangerous for cereal fields are higher named completely resistant species barberries from the first group, which we can introduce in culture for different purpose: decorative landing, plantations of medical, nutritional or melliferous purpose. Some limitationsare expedient in planning cultures with groups of relatively resistant species (the second group), which don’t have to grow close to the cereal fields. In our opinion, the sufficient barrier for them can be a protective zone with woods 10-15 meters wide. At last, unstable to rusty mushrooms species of barberries (the third group), we can grow nearby the cereal fields just in forestry environment (woods and shrubs), which must be 50-100 m wide or to cultivate them where will be no growing cereals. In conclusion. Thereby, in terms of wet and warm climate in Chernivtsi region the cultivation of most barberries (16 species of the first and second group) don’t make any significant threat for growing cereals even when the last one are close to these cultures.