bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric PM2.5 exposure and risk of ischemic heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Wang Qingli , Cao Jingyan
Published: November 2022

Fine particulate matter <2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) has been validated to associate with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) incidence and mortality. So far, no study has quantitatively evaluated the relationship between the atmospheric PM2.5 exposure and ischemic heart disease (IHD). We conducted a meta-analysis to illustrate the relationship between PM2.5 and IHD. Published articles were systematically searched (until June 2022) from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library. A random-effect model was performed to summarize the total relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 12.0 software. A total of 28 studies among 23 cohorts (23.38 million individuals and 256256 IHD cases) were included. With PM2.5 increasing 10 μg/m3, the total RRs of IHD incidence and mortality were 1.07 (95% CI: 0.99–1.17), 1.21 (95% CI: 1.15–1.28), respectively. In sub-analyses, our study revealed that the combined RRs of exposure to PM2.5 on IHD mortality in Asian and European population [1.11 (95% CI: 0.93–1.33); 1.06 (95% CI: 1.02–1.11)] were much lower compared with American and Canadian people [1.27 (95% CI: 1.17–1.37); 1.30 (95% CI: 1.24–1.35)]. Furthermore, study duration, size and some adjustments were related with the total RR. Our findings indicated that exposure of an increase in the concentration of atmospheric PM2.5 may increase the risk of IHD incidence and mortality. Further evidence is needed to confirmed the association.
‘Sadly I think we are sort of still quite white, middle-class really’ – Inequities in access to bereavement support: Findings from a mixed methods study
Authors: Selman Lucy E , Sutton Eileen , Medeiros Mirra Renata , Stone Tracey , Gilbert Emma , Rolston Yansie , Murray Karl , Longo Mirella , Seddon Kathy , Penny Alison , Mayland Catriona R , Wakefield Donna , Byrne Anthony , Harrop Emily
Published: November 2022

Background:

Voluntary and community sector bereavement services are central to bereavement support in the UK.

Aim:

To determine service providers’ perspectives on access to their support before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design:

Mixed methods study using an explanatory sequential design: (1) Cross-sectional online survey of UK bereavement services; (2) Qualitative interviews with staff and volunteers at selected services.

Settings/participants:

147 services participated in the survey; 24 interviews were conducted across 14 services.

Results:

67.3% of services reported there were groups with unmet needs not accessing their services before the pandemic; most frequently people from minoritised ethnic communities (49%), sexual minority groups (26.5%), deprived areas (24.5%) and men (23.8%). Compared with before the pandemic, 3.4% of services were seeing more people from minoritised ethnic groups, while 6.1% were seeing fewer. 25.2% of services did not collect ethnicity data. Qualitative findings demonstrated the disproportionate impact of the pandemic on minoritised ethnic communities, including disruption to care/mourning practices, and the need for culturally appropriate support. During the pandemic outreach activities were sometimes deprioritised; however, increased collaboration was also reported. Online provision improved access but excluded some. Positive interventions to increase equity included collecting client demographic data; improving outreach, language accessibility and staff representation; supporting other professionals to provide bereavement support; local collaboration and co-production.

Conclusions:

Service providers report inequities in access to bereavement support. Attention needs to be paid to identifying, assessing and meeting unmet needs for appropriate bereavement support. Identified positive interventions can inform service provision and research.
Advantages of CT Versus MRI for Preoperative Assessment of Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Capitellum
Authors: Müller Sebastian A. , Müller-Lebschi Julia A. , Shotts Ezekiel E. , Bond Jeffrey R. , Tiegs-Heiden Christin A. , Collins Mark S. , O’Driscoll Shawn W.
Published: November 2022

Background:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered to be the gold standard for imaging of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD).

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose was to determine the additional value of a preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan in adolescent patients with capitellar OCD of the elbow. Consistent with the fact that OCD is a lesion involving the subchondral bone, the hypothesis was that CT would be superior to MRI for imaging OCD of the capitellum.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

All patients being treated surgically for an OCD of the capitellum between 2006 and 2016 at one institution were reviewed for preoperative imaging. A total of 28 patients met the inclusion criteria. Corresponding MRI and CT scans were compared retrospectively. Multiple parameters were recorded, with special emphasis on OCD lesion size, fragmentation, and tilt as well as joint surface integrity, loose bodies, and osteophytes.

Results:

The OCD lesions were best seen on CT scans, whereas MRI T1-weighted images overestimated and T2-weighted images underestimated the size of defects. A subchondral fracture nonunion was found on CT scans in 18 patients, whereas this was seen on MRI T1-weighted images in only 2 patients ( P < .001) and MRI T2-weighted images in 4 patients ( P < .001). Fragmentation of the OCD fragment was found on CT scans in 17 patients but on MRI scans in only 9 patients ( P = .05). Osteophytes as a sign of secondary degenerative changes were seen on CT scans in 24 patients and were seen on MRI scans in 15 patients ( P = .02). Altogether, only 51 of 89 secondary changes including loose bodies, effects on the radial head and ulnohumeral joint, and osteophytes that were seen on CT scans were also seen on MRI scans ( P = .002).

Conclusion:

OCD fragmentation and secondary changes were more often diagnosed on CT. These factors indicate OCD instability or advanced OCD stages, which are indications for surgery. In an adolescent who is considered at risk for OCD (baseball, gymnastics, weightlifting, tennis) and who has lateral elbow joint pain with axial or valgus load bearing, CT is our imaging modality of choice for diagnosing and staging OCD of the capitellum.
Arthroscopic Treatment of Symptomatic Discoid Lateral Meniscus and Nondiscoid Meniscus in Adolescent Patients
Authors: Su Lisa , Bennett Abbie , Combs Kristen , Torrez Timothy W. , Pham Derek C. , Jackson Nicholas J. , Bowen Richard E. , Beck Jennifer J.
Published: November 2022

Background:

Discoid lateral meniscus (DLM) is a rare condition. Patient-reported outcomes using validated instruments are underreported in the literature. DLM outcomes have not been directly compared with nondiscoid meniscus (non-DLM) in adolescent patients.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

This study sought to analyze the difference in patient characteristics, surgical treatment, and patient-reported outcomes for adolescent patients arthroscopically treated for symptomatic DLM and non-DLM pathology. We hypothesized that DLM and non-DLM patient-reported outcomes would be similar.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A retrospective review of patients aged <18 years with symptomatic DLM and non-DLM pathology was completed between 2015 and 2021 at a single academic institution. Chart reviews for patient characteristics and surgical operative indications and technique were completed. Patient-reported outcome scores were prospectively collected preoperatively and at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after surgery.

Results:

Patients in the DLM group (n = 48), when compared with the non-DLM group (n = 45), were younger (12.71 vs 15.78 years, respectively; P < .001) and had lower body mass index (24.53 vs 28.91, respectively; P < .02). Both groups were majority Hispanic and more commonly male (DLM 65% vs non-DLM 60%). All of the DLM patients had surgery on the lateral discoid meniscus (n = 48), whereas the non-DLM group had surgery on the lateral meniscus (n = 37), medial meniscus (n = 7), or both (n = 1). A majority of patients in both groups underwent meniscal repair (DLM 73% and non-DLM 62%), and there was no difference in surgical treatment between groups ( P > .05). A statistically significant improvement was seen in International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ) scores from the preoperative assessment to 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after surgery for both DLM and non-DLM groups ( P < .05). No difference was found in scores between DLM and non-DLM groups, between sexes, or between age groups (<13 years or ≥13 years) ( P > .05).

Conclusion:

Although patients with DLM were younger and had lower body mass index, the IKDC and PAQ scores were not significantly different between the DLM and non-DLM groups. Both groups showed a significant improvement in scores relative to their preoperative scores. Sex and age did not affect IKDC or PAQ scores.
Effect of Quality of Repair on Clinical and Structural Outcomes of Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Go Tae Won , Park Ji Eun , Oh Sohee , Cho Minjoon , Jo Chris Hyunchul
Published: November 2022

Background:

Anatomic repair of a torn rotator cuff tendon on the greater tuberosity (GT) is an important surgical goal in rotator cuff repair. However, few studies have investigated whether the efforts made to maximize coverage of the GT are associated with the clinical and structural outcomes after rotator cuff repair surgery.

Purpose:

To investigate whether the quality of repair at the time of surgery is associated with clinical and structural outcomes after surgery and to identify factors influencing the quality of repair.

Study design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Data were retrospectively collected from 141 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair between 2008 and 2016. All repairs were classified according to the amount of postoperative GT coverage: A, complete coverage of the GT (n = 96); B, incomplete coverage, comprising more than half of GT (n = 27); C, incomplete coverage, comprising less than half of the GT (n = 16); and D, exposure of the glenohumeral joint (n = 2). All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging 1 year after surgery. Clinical outcomes and structural integrity based on Sugaya classification were assessed 2 years and 1 year after surgery, respectively. Preoperative factors associated with the postoperative GT coverage (measured at the close of surgery) were identified using a multivariable proportional odds cumulative logit model.

Results:

The forward flexion strength in group A (10.3 ± 4.6 lb) was significantly greater than that in group C (6.5 ± 3.7 lb) ( P = .003) 2 years after surgery. The postoperative Constant score in group A (76.6 ± 11.5) was greater than that in group C (66.7 ± 15.6) ( P = .018). The number of cases that showed retearing of the repaired tendon was as follows: group A (5/96; 5.2%), group B (7/27; 25.9%), and group C (10/16; 62.5%). There was no significant difference in the changes of pain visual analog scale scores among groups 2 years after surgery (all P > .05). Also, there was no significant difference in the changes of range of motion in all directions among groups 2 years after surgery (all P > .05). Patients with preoperative GT coverage B included in the postoperative GT coverage groups through surgery were as follows: group A (23/45; 51.1%), group B (17/45; 37.8%), and group C (5/45; 11.1%). Preoperative GT coverage was the only independent factor that was associated with GT coverage in multivariable analysis.

Conclusion:

Quality of repair, measured as the extent of postoperative GT coverage at the time of surgery, was associated with clinical and structural outcomes after rotator cuff repair surgery.
Connecting Land and Water Planning in Colorado
Authors: You Jongeun
Published: November 2022

Water scarcity is a significant threat to urban and regional planning. Water scarcity has challenged planners to respond to the problem in an important but previously overlooked way. Although the connection between land and water planning has not been adequately recognized in planning education and research, some governments have begun to manage the two natural resources together. Drawing upon the literature on integrated policy approach and policy implementation, this article presents a summary of policy actions in the past decade aimed at better integrating land use and water resource planning in Colorado. This article also contributes to broader debates on mediating the divide between land use and water management.
An Epidemic of Virtue: A Review of Social Work's Complicity in “Prostitution” Interventions
Authors: Welch Rachel , Zhao Rong
Published: November 2022

This article engages with the field of social work's role in humanitarian and criminal legal responses to sex work in the United States over the last century. Our historical review reveals that, through interdisciplinary collaboration in the criminalization and rehabilitation of sex workers, social workers have contributed to the transformation of “prostitution” from an issue of sex workers’ rights to a psychological, criminal legal, and medical phenomenon. This has exacerbated the harm and stigma experienced by sex workers. In exploring social work interventions on sex work from the Progressive Era through the rise of neoliberalism, this article places its modern iteration, prostitution diversion programming, within the context of social work's carceral history with sex workers. We choose these periods not for their chronicity, but rather for the salient themes in these historical interventions that characterize modern diversion programming: power and control, punitive service provision, patriarchal rescue, and carceral feminism. To align with social work's mandate for social justice and client self-determination, this article offers policy and practice implications grounded in the decriminalization of sex work and divestment from the police and courts. Alternative service approaches spearheaded by sex workers are explored and placed within the context of labor, racial, gender, and immigration justice.
It’s Complicated: Examining Political Realities and Challenges in the Context of Research-Practice Partnerships from the School District Leader’s Perspective
Authors: Klein Kylie
Published: November 2022

Growing interest in the potential of education research-practice partnerships (RPPs) as a promising strategy for increasing the relevance and use of research has led the field to create an expanding body of literature documenting both the promise and the potential perils of RPPs. Insightful frameworks abound, outlining the structural and organizational considerations for forming and maintaining a successful RPP. Yet, less is known about how political realities within practice side organizations influence these partnerships. Drawing on Farrell et al.s’ framework describing RPPs as learning at the boundaries, I examine several examples of political challenges confronted by RPPs involving school districts and the degree to which school district leaders’ actions were able to mitigate the political challenges. Power imbalance exacerbated by funder priorities, the ripple effect of leadership change, and school board member priorities will be explored, along with discussions of implications.
A novel coordinated control strategy of regenerative braking and anti-lock system for electric vehicles
Authors: Zhang Qingyong , Jiang Mingjun , Yuan Yiqing , Fan Zhen , Chen Shanyou
Published: November 2022

Regenerative braking is one of the core technologies to improve the economy of pure electric vehicles. To realize the improvement of the energy recovery effect under conventional braking conditions and the coordinated control between regenerative braking and anti-lock system under emergency braking conditions of pure electric vehicles, this paper studies a front and rear axle braking force distribution method with the actual road adhesion coefficient and braking strength as the premise, while using fuzzy control to distribute the front axle electromechanical braking force. The sliding mode controller with double power convergence law is designed to enhance the stability of the anti-lock system. Finally, the braking coordination control strategy is proposed by combining the designed regenerative braking and anti-lock control. Through simulations and experiment, it has been proved that the control strategy is effective and can effectively improve the economy of pure electric vehicles.
Ötzi, 30 years on: A reappraisal of the depositional and post-depositional history of the find
Authors: Pilø Lars , Reitmaier Thomas , Fischer Andrea , Barrett James H , Nesje Atle
Published: November 2022

When Ötzi, the Iceman, was found in a gully in the Tisenjoch pass in the Tyrolean Alps in 1991, he was a huge surprise for the archaeological community. The lead initial investigator of the find argued that it was unique, preserved by serendipitous circumstances. It was hypothesised that the mummy with associated artefacts had been quickly covered by glacier ice and stayed buried until the melt-out in 1991. It is now more than 30 years since Ötzi appeared. In this paper, we take a closer look at how the find can be understood today, benefitting from increased knowledge gained from more than two decades of investigations of other glacial archaeological sites, and from previous palaeo-biological investigations of the find assemblage. In the light of radiocarbon dates from the gully and new glaciological evidence regarding mass balance, it is likely that Ötzi was not permanently buried in ice immediately after his death, but that the gully where he lay was repeatedly exposed over the next 1500 years. We discuss the nature of the ice covering the site, which is commonly described as a basally sliding glacier. Based on the available evidence, this ice is better understood as a non-moving, stationary field of snow and ice, frozen to the bedrock. The damaged artefacts found with Ötzi were probably broken by typical postdepositional processes on glacial archaeological sites, and not, as previously claimed, during conflict prior to Ötzi’s flight from the valley below.
A longitudinal comparison of public libraries’ posting activities on Twitter in April of 3 years, pre-, during, and post-COVID-19
Authors: Choi Youngok , Kim Sung Un
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the study was to observe how public libraries’ communication on Twitter has been changed before, during, and after the COVID-19 outbreak. A total of 40 active, public library Twitter accounts were used for data collection and analysis. The tweets examined were a combination of original tweets ( n = 2623) and retweets ( n = 666) posted from other Twitter accounts on the public libraries’ Twitter feeds. A content analysis scheme was used to analyze topical aspects of the tweets. The study found that public libraries were more active in communicating information on social media during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Promoting library events/programs, communicating library operations to patrons, and highlighting library resources for literacy are common in public libraries’ Twitter communication throughout the 3 years period. The study also observed strong associations between the content types of posts and the contextual aspects of the libraries, including an emergency situation such as the COVID-19 lockdown, the size of the population served by the library, and the state in which the library was located. In other words, the study provides evidence that public libraries use different communication strategies on Twitter depending on factors such as community emergencies, service population size, or geographic location. The results of this study illustrate that through social media usage, public libraries demonstrate their competence as public agencies in managing their services, as well as their commitment to the core value of information access and service provision to users, even in the face of unprecedented crises.
Trends in genre analysis articles on scientific abstract structures: A Quantitative content analysis
Authors: Çapkın Çağdaş
Published: November 2022

Genre analysis is a methodologically prominent approach to segmenting a scientific abstract into discourse units. Genre analysis studies on scientific abstract structures have valuable outputs not only for secondary information services, including bibliographic databases and online services but also for scientific communication and library and information science (LIS) education. However, trends of research on this topic have not been investigated yet. This study identifies research trends and reveals knowledge gaps and research opportunities in genre analysis articles on scientific abstracts. For this purpose, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched to identify the articles. According to the study selection criteria, 75 articles were included in the quantitative content analysis. It was found that the most frequently studied genres were research articles (73.3%), proceedings (%12), and thesis/dissertations (8%). The sample size of the corpus ranged from 5 to 4214 abstracts ( M = 223.8, MD = 94, SD = 523.8). The authors most frequently cited for abstract genre models were Hyland, Swales, and Santos, respectively. In 18.7% of articles, at least one of the abstract standards was cited. Approximately, two-thirds of the articles were comparative. Languages (44.7%), disciplines (25.5%), genres, and native/non-native authors (8.5%) were compared most frequently. English was the most frequently studied language, both individual (72.4%) and comparatively (25.9%). The results of this study suggest that the LIS community, as well as applied linguistics, can seize the opportunity to address gaps in academic genres, disciplines, and languages. In addition, future studies are expected to have generalizable results to assist the scientific communication and LIS communities.
Australian older persons mental health inpatient and ambulatory services in 2015–2020 – A descriptive analysis and commentary
Authors: Brazel Matthew , Allison Stephen , Bastiampillai Tarun , Kisely Stephen , Loi Samantha M , Looi Jeffrey CL
Published: November 2022

Objective

To provide a commentary on Australian state/territory older persons mental health service (OPMHS) expenditure, inpatient and outpatient services and key performance indicators (KPIs).

Method

Descriptive analysis of data from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), the Australian Bureau of Statistics and the World Health Organisation.

Results

Between 2015–16 and 2019–20, annual expenditure on OPMHS in Australia increased by an average of only 2.3%, compared to 2.9% for all population groups, despite an increase in the number of over 65 year olds. Per capita recurrent expenditure on OPMHS decreased by an average of 1% annually. Australia’s total mental health beds increased, whereas OPMHS beds decreased, mainly due to a reduction in non-acute beds. Outcomes for OPMHS admissions were similar to other age groups, except for a longer length of stay and reduced readmission rate. Older Australians accessed ambulatory mental health care at a lower rate and had a lower rate of improvement after a completed episode.

Conclusions

OPMHS expenditure has not increased at commensurate levels compared to other populations. The mental health of people aged over 65 appears to be a neglected policy priority in Australia. The Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety may herald service and expenditure changes.
LGBTQ+ Loss and Grief in a Cis-Heteronormative Pandemic: A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis of the COVID-19 Literature
Authors: Lucas James J. , Bouchoucha Stéphane L. , Afrouz Rojan , Reed Kirk , Brennan-Olsen Sharon L.
Published: November 2022

LGBTQ+ people are no stranger to loss and grief, particularly during times of pandemic such as the 1980s–90s HIV/AIDS pandemic and now, the COVID-19 pandemic. Current COVID-19 loss and grief research remains relatively silent on LGBTQ+ peoples’ loss and grief experiences. The aim of this research was to conduct a qualitative evidence synthesis of LGBTQ+ people’s COVID-19 loss and grief experiences reported in the literature. A systematic search and inclusion strategy identified 22 relevant articles for review. Inductive thematic synthesis resulted in five loss-focused themes across the articles: (1) loss of work and livelihood, (2) loss of social and kinship connection, (3) loss of LGBTQ+ community connection, (4) loss of physical and mental health supports and (5) loss of LGBTQ+ identity authenticity, affirmation and visibility. Discussion of these themes highlights the many layered and often disenfranchised nature of LGBTQ+ people’s loss during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A Waitlist Randomized Implementation Trial of Classroom Pivotal Response Teaching for Students With Autism
Authors: Stahmer Aubyn C. , Suhrheinrich Jessica , Rieth Sarah R. , Roesch Scott , Vejnoska Sarah , Chan Janice , Nahmias Allison , Wang Tiffany
Published: November 2022

Classroom Pivotal Response Teaching (CPRT) is a community-partnered adaptation of a naturalistic developmental behavioral intervention identified as an evidence-based practice for autistic children. The current study evaluated student outcomes in a randomized, wait-list controlled implementation trial across classrooms. Participants included teachers ( n = 126) and students with autism ( n = 308). Teachers participated in 12 hours of didactic, interactive training and additional in-classroom coaching. Generalized Estimating Equations accounted for clustering. Adjusted models evaluated the relative effects of training group, CPRT fidelity, and classroom quality on student outcomes. Results indicate higher CPRT fidelity was associated with greater increases in student learning. Having received CPRT training predicted increased student engagement and greater decreases in reported approach/withdrawal problems. These differences may be linked to the theoretical foundations of CPRT of increasing student motivation and engagement and collaborative adaptation to increase feasibility in schools. Overall, results suggest CPRT may be a beneficial approach for supporting autistic students.
Tang poetry and tourism: Cultural effects after 1000 years
Authors: Kot Hung Wan , Chen Ming-Hsiang , Su Ching-Hui (Joan) , Lin Yu-Xia
Published: November 2022

It is impossible to overstate the importance of culture and literature in tourism. Most studies have relied on qualitative evidence to the exclusion of precise secondary data to show a direct link between literature and tourism. Using a novel and unique index of Tang poems ranks as a proxy for cultural status and heritage accumulation to quantify the effects of Tang poetry on the expansion of domestic and international tourism, this research adds significantly to the body of knowledge on literary tourism. Based on ordinary least squares and bias-corrected propensity score matching regression analysis, the top 100 Tang poetry rankings are favorably associated with domestic tourist growth but not with international tourism expansion. These findings are crucial for the development of literary tourism.
Perspective: The role of diversity advisory boards in autism research
Authors: Williams Ed-Dee G , Smith Matthew J , Boyd Brian
Published: November 2022

In this perspective, we argue that the regular use of diversity advisory boards in autism research will improve the inclusivity and participation of marginalized groups in autism research and intervention development. We define a diversity advisory board as a representative group of community members, scholars, policymakers, and area experts that specifically discuss and examine research and interventions for accurate representation and consideration of underrepresented and marginalized identities such as racial, gender, sexual minorities, and dis/abilities who are often excluded from the research process. We present three arguments for forming and integrating diversity advisory boards in autism research and intervention development. First, diversity advisory boards would encourage scholars and interventionists to be intentional in considering how their intervention will work for culturally, racially, gendered, and dis/ability diverse groups. Second, diversity advisory boards will lead to increased diverse samples of autistic participants if members of the board are incentivized to support recruitment efforts from their local communities and networks. Finally, the regular use of diversity advisory boards will improve the research-to-practice gap by including a wider range of community members in the early development and implementation of autism interventions. Recommended actions researchers could take to select, maintain, and meaningfully engage a diversity advisory board are included in this perspective.

Lay abstract

This article argues that using groups of individuals that specifically focus on addressing issues with diversity in autism research and autism intervention development are key in ensuring that a greater amount of racial, ethnic, and gender diverse autistic individuals are included in the research and that the research is addressing the needs of these individuals and groups. We call these groups a diversity advisory board. A diversity advisory board will help improve diversity in autism research and intervention development by making sure that autism researchers (1) are intentional about addressing issues of diversity in their research and (2) are able to recruit a greater number of autistic individuals with diverse identities, and (3) by giving greater consideration to the context of diverse autistic individuals which will help autism-focused interventions work better in community settings. We give a short description of these arguments and ideas for how to form and use a diversity advisory board.
Parasitic news: Adoption and adaption of journalistic conventions in hybrid political communication
Authors: Ekman Mattias , Widholm Andreas
Published: November 2022

This article explores how political parties and individual politicians in Sweden communicate strategically in an online environment where the close relationship between news and journalistic institutions no longer can be taken for granted. We define the adoption and adaption of journalistic conventions in political communication as a particular communication style, conceptualized as “parasitic news”. The article presents an analytical framework that explicates the role of parasitic news across five dimensions: ideological transparency/position, alternativeness, news genres, individual vs. collective media practices, and social media affordances. An analysis of three news projects, representing right-wing populist, liberal/conservative, and left-wing/green ideological positions, reveals that parasitic news is a flexible communication style that blurs the boundaries of politics and media in online spaces. Moreover, parasitic news challenges the relevance of established terms such as alternative, hyper-partisan, and fake news, pointing to the need of a renewed conceptual vocabulary in journalism, media and political communication research.
Managing and resisting workplace reorganization: Labor-management relations in a pre-digital media corporation
Authors: Salamon Errol
Published: November 2022

This article examines how newsworkers resisted workplace reorganization in the pre-digital news industry. It analyzes how and why the Thomson Corporation reorganized the workplace and unions resisted workplace change from 1994 to 1995 as a case study of corporate control and worker resistance. Developing the concept of alternative communication resistance practices, it conducts a thematic analysis of untapped archival documents: union, company, legal, and news content. This concept articulates historically-contingent institutional conditions that facilitate corporate strategies to reorganize the workplace and union resistance practices. This article contributes an original relational framework to understand what is distinct about workplace reorganization at a particular setting. It considers workplace actors’ heterogeneous resistance practices within a specific workplace context and how communication practices express and constitute resistance. The article outlines five propositions of this framework that could be tested and potentially refined beyond a single case study in future (digital) journalism research.
Transforming language brokering policies at school: Learning from students with transnational biographies
Authors: Thoma Nadja , Draxl Anna-Katharina
Published: November 2022

Within discourses on education and transnationalism, much importance has been given to language, both for the educational success of migrants and their transition into the labor market. Among the many perspectives on multilingualism, there is a growing body of research on language brokering. In contrast to professional interpreting, this is often associated with interpreting without formal qualifications or payment in mostly informal settings. However, language brokering is embedded in complex social structures, and students who interpret often act within complex power relations. In our article, we address experiences with education-related language brokering. While focusing on the perspectives of the students, we will address the roles they take during language brokering activities between different actors and the power relations they experience. Our data were collected as part of an ethnographic research project which aimed to explore the experiences of refugee students following their arrival in Austria and during the adjustment period in their new sociolinguistic and educational context. Empirically, the article is based on a data set of small stories and reflections about language brokering. The analysis was carried out through contrastive comparisons between different cases. The paper will conclude with suggestions on the introduction of critical language brokering practices and policies in educational institutions.
A Meta-Analytic Review of the Impact of Child Maltreatment on Self-Esteem: 1981 to 2021
Authors: Zhang Huiping , Wang Weiwei , Liu Shiqin , Feng Yali , Wei Qingong
Published: November 2022

An increasing number of studies have examined the relationship between child maltreatment and self-esteem. In this study, we assess the magnitude of this association through a meta-analytic approach. Four English databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, and Web of Science), three Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and Weipu), and grey literature were systematically searched. A total of 254 independent studies, including 550 effect sizes, met the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. Child maltreatment was significantly and negatively associated with self-esteem ([Formula: see text] = −0.24, p < .001); emotional abuse and neglect were associated with decreased self-esteem ([Formula: see text] = −0.23, p < .01; [Formula: see text] = −0.22, p < .01, respectively) at a moderate level; and physical abuse, sexual abuse, and physical neglect were negatively associated with self-esteem ([Formula: see text] = −0.14, p < .01; [Formula: see text] = −0.14, p < .01; [Formula: see text] = −0.17, p < .001, respectively) at a small level. Furthermore, the meta-regression results suggested that the aggregated associations between child maltreatment and self-esteem were not inflated by publication bias, but they were moderated by age and culture. General and subtypes of child maltreatment are associated with decreased self-esteem. Evidence-based and culturally sensitive child maltreatment prevention and intervention programs should be developed and implemented as early as possible.
When Brands Become Stans: Netflix, Originals, and Enacting a Fannish Persona on Instagram
Authors: Sligh Casta , Abidin Crystal
Published: November 2022

While brand-run accounts of Twitter have attracted many a meme for their hit-and-miss attempts at relatable humor, on Instagram one type of brand account is quietly thriving: the Netflix Original series Instagram account. This paper studies brand personification on social media at a niche angle. By analyzing posts from three popular Netflix Original series Instagram accounts, we found that each account co-ops fan practices and enacts its own specific fannish persona. This paper reports on how and why Netflix enacts a fannish persona on its Original series Instagram accounts, to locate the personified Instagram account within the context of social media communication strategies. As the original advertisers of Instagram, there is established research on influencers which investigates the implications of people turning themselves into brands. What may call for more research in the future is the opposite: what are the consequences of brands turning themselves into people?
An Empirical Test of Dual System Pathways
Authors: Herz Denise C. , Eastman Andrea Lane , Suthar Himal
Published: November 2022

Although a growing body of research has documented the characteristics and experiences of young people with child welfare and juvenile justice system contact (i.e., dual system involvement), less is known about the pathways leading to dual system involvement. Sequence analysis was used to empirically identify pathways by plotting child welfare and juvenile justice spells for a cohort of 4404 dual system youth in Los Angeles County between 2014 to 2016. Procedures produced a five-cluster model delineated by the extent of child welfare involvement and the ages at which involvement occurred. Comparisons across pathways demonstrated that youth with less child welfare involvement in childhood had the least intrusive juvenile justice experiences and lower recidivism than youth experiencing longer and deeper child welfare involvement in late childhood and adolescence. Pathway findings have significant implications for building a delinquency prevention continuum prior to system involvement and after involvement for young people and their family members who enter the child welfare system.
Passivity-based boundary control for vibration suppression of the shear beam
Authors: Boonkumkrong Nipon , Chinvorarat Sinchai , Asadamongkon Pichai
Published: November 2022

In this paper, the passivity-based boundary controller for the vibration suppression of the flexible beam is studied. The undamped shear beam model is used as a beam model. The beam is a parameter-distributed system represented by partial differential equations (PDEs). This technique uses the energy principle for control design by exploiting the passivity property of the beam. The storage or energy function of the beam is first introduced and then used to determine the passivity-based controller. The passivity of the system is proven using direct integration. The feedback system is proven in the sense of finite-gain [Formula: see text] stability. The proposed controller consists of the damping and elastic components applied at the beam end so that the domain (body) of the beam is not disturbed. The beam PDEs are treated directly without model reduction or truncation, so the control spillover problem is avoidable. The beam model PDEs are solved numerically by using the finite difference method. Numerical simulation results of the beam under control are presented to verify the performance of the control scheme.
Prepared omadacycline for injection: Nine-day stability and sterility in an elastomeric pump
Authors: Bower Jason , Wright Kelly , Burdette Jason
Published: November 2022

Objective:

To investigate compatibility, stability, and microbiologic risk of omadacycline 1 mg/mL when prepared in an elastomeric infusion pump and stored under refrigeration for 9 days based upon requests for information from healthcare providers.

Methods:

Omadacycline was reconstituted to 1 mg/mL with sodium chloride 0.9% w/v or dextrose 5% w/v in SMARTeZ® elastomeric infusion pumps and refrigerated for up to 9 days. Samples were taken daily and tested for appearance, pH, osmolality, chemical composition, and particulate matter. For a microbial challenge study, the pumps were spiked with a challenge microorganism ( Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, or Aspergillus brasiliensis) and samples were plated daily for 9 days to assess microbial survival.

Results:

Appearance, pH, osmolality, percent label claim, and particulate matter results remained essentially unchanged for omadacycline solutions in either diluent over the 9-day study. No > 0.5-log day-to-day increases in the challenge-microorganism populations were measured in diluted omadacycline pumps or positive controls. With omadacycline, no growth was seen for S. aureus or E. coli in either diluent, nor for P. aeruginosa in dextrose 5% w/v. Reduction of C. albicans and A. brasiliensis populations over time was similar between omadacycline solutions and positive controls.

Conclusion:

After reconstitution, omadacycline for injection was stable and remained within specifications for use for up to 9 days when refrigerated.
Willingness to pay for community-based health insurance and associated factors in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Anbesu Etsay Woldu , Ebrahim Oumer Abdulkadir , Takele Nigus Desalegn
Published: November 2022

In Ethiopia, there is low enrollment and a wide discrepancy in willingness to pay for community-based health insurance schemes, and there is a lack of nationally representative data on willingness to pay for community-based health insurance. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of willingness to pay for community-based health insurance and associated factors in Ethiopia. This was developed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Databases such as PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, African Journals Online, and Google Scholar searches were performed to retrieve available published and unpublished studies from December 15 to May 17, 2022. Two independent reviewers screened the retrieved articles. Critical quality appraisal was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument. To investigate the sources of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed based on region, study setting (rural/urban), and sample size. RevMan software and STATA 14 software were used for the statistical analysis. A random-effect model was used to estimate the effect size at a 95% confidence interval. A total of 190 studies were retrieved, and six studies were included in the final meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of willingness to pay for community-based health insurance was 78 (95% confidence interval: 74, 81). A subgroup analysis by region indicated the lowest proportion of willingness to pay community-based health insurance in the Oromia region, 76% (95% confidence interval: 68, 84), and the highest in the Amhara region, 79% (95% confidence interval: 77, 81). Nearly three in four households were willing to pay for community-based health insurance in Ethiopia. Thus, awareness of willingness to pay community-based health insurance is mandatory to improve the implementation of community-based health insurance.
Practice of Health Care Governance among South Wollo Department Heads and Managers of Public Health Institutions, Northeast Ethiopia
Authors: Solomon Getye , Feleke Amsalu , Yasin Toyeb , Alemu Mamo Dereje , Getachew Nigusu , Worku Nigusu , Chanie Muluken Genetu
Published: November 2022

Objective:

Governance in health care generally means strengthening leadership and governance functions, improving systems, and having both central and local governments jointly take responsibility for overall health system performance. More than half of the world’s population has expressed distrust of state institutions including the health sector. Ethiopia, like other African countries, faces many challenges in the process of good governance building. The aim of this study was to assess the practices health care governance in the South Wollo Zone health sectors, Northeast Ethiopia.

Methods:

A facility-based cross-sectional study design was conducted in the South Wollo from 15 May to 15 June 2021. A simple random sampling technique was used, and the data were collected using a structured survey. The data were entered into Epi data version 4.6 for cleaning and exported to SPSS v.25 for further analysis. We performed binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify factors of governance practices. Variables with p values less than 0.05 during multivariable logistic regression analysis were declared statistically significant.

Results:

A 96.75% (387) of the study participants completed the study questionnaires. Out of these, 37.98% (95% confidence interval: 33.1%, 42.9%) have been found practicing good governance in the health sector. Having had training (adjusted odds ratio = 7.92, 95% confidence interval: 4.04, 15.51), having job descriptions (adjusted odds ratio = 2.05, 95% confidence interval: 1.03, 4.09), opportunity to share with peers (adjusted odds ratio = 6.64, 95% confidence interval: 3.02, 14.62), political interference (adjusted odds ratio = 0.40, 95% confidence interval: 0.22, 0.71), and age < 25 years (adjusted odds ratio = 0.13, 95% confidence interval: 0.02, 0.77) were found to have a statistically significant association with the governance practice of managers.

Conclusion:

The overall practice of governance was found poor in light of the national and World Health Organization standards for health sector Governance. Having had training, having job descriptions and the opportunity to share with peers significantly increased the odds of good governance while political interference and young age significantly decreased the odds of good governance. Managers could implement training, write job descriptions, and encourage sharing with peers to improve governance.
The Impacts of School Counselor Ratios on Student Outcomes: A Multistate Study
Authors: Donohue Peg , Parzych Jennifer L. , Chiu Ming Ming , Goldberg Kathryn , Nguyen Karena
Published: November 2022

This study examined student access to school counselors and the link between school counselor-to-student (SC-S) ratios and student outcomes in six states in the United States. Access to school counselors was often greater for White students, but less for Asian students, English learners, or those in larger schools. In the two states with the lowest SC-S ratios among the states studied, schools with more counselors per student (a) had higher English SAT scores and more students with postsecondary enrollment (i.e., New Hampshire), and (b) had more students enrolled in postsecondary studies (i.e., Maine). In the two states with the highest SC-S ratios of the six studied, schools with more counselors per student (a) had lower overall learning outcomes and graduation rates (i.e., Arizona), and (b) had worse academic outcomes in English, math, or science (i.e., Idaho). Schools with higher SC-S ratios showed more suspensions (i.e., New Hampshire) and more chronic absenteeism (i.e., Arizona, Missouri, and Rhode Island). We discuss implications for legislative advocacy, intentional school counselor caseload assignments, and future research.