bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Método de ressonância para predição das propriedades mecânicas das madeiras de Eucalyptus urophylla e Pinus oocarpa termorretificadas
Authors: Carvalho Amélia Guimarães , Zanuncio Antonio José Vinha , Silva Carlos Miguel Simões da , Carneiro Angélica de Cassia Oliveira , Paula Marcos Oliveira de
Published: April 2017

RESUMO Vibrações transversais apresentam potencial para avaliação da madeira devido a alta precisão, baixo custo e rapidez, mas sua aplicação em madeira termorretificada ainda é pouco estudada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as propriedades físicas e mecânicas de madeira termorretificada de Eucalyptus urophylla e Pinus oocarpa e relacionar a análise de ressonância (Bing) com o modulo de elasticidade estático e de ruptura da madeira.Corpos de prova foram confeccionados de três árvores de Eucalyptus urophylla e três de Pinus oocarpa e termorretificados a 150, 175, 200 e 225°C, com taxa de aquecimento de 5°C/min, tempo de residência de quatro horas com pressão atmosférica e presença de ar. A termorretificação reduziu a densidade básica, inchamento volumétrico, inchamento linear, coeficiente de anisotropia, umidade de equilíbrio e resistência mecânica da madeira de ambas as espécies. A análise de ressonância (Bing) apresentou alta relação com o modulo de elasticidade estático e o módulo de ruptura da madeira termorretificada de ambas as espécies e, portanto, esta técnica pode ser utilizada para avaliar as propriedades mecânicas da madeira submetidas a este processo.
Violence against women, Espírito Santo, Brazil
Authors: Leite Franciele Marabotti Costa , Amorim Maria Helena Costa , Wehrmeister Fernando C , Gigante Denise Petrucci
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with psychological, physical and sexual violence in women victims of intimate partner violence assisted in the primary care services. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study, conducted in 26 health units in Vitória, State of Espírito Santo, from March to September 2014. We interviewed 991 women aged 20-59 years. To classify the psychological, physical and sexual violence, the World Health Organization instrument on violence against women was used and a questionnaire to investigate the sociodemographic, behavioral characteristics, and the women’s family and life history was developed. The statistical analyzes used were Poisson regression, Fisher’s exact test and Chi-square. RESULTS The prevalence we observed were psychological 25.3% (95%CI 22.6–28.2); physical 9.9% (95%CI 8.1–11.9) and sexual 5.7% (95%CI 4.3–7.3). Psychological violence remained associated with education, marital status, maternal history of intimate partner violence, sexual violence in childhood and drug use, while physical assault was related to age, education, marital status and maternal history of intimate partner violence. Sexual violence occurred the most among women with low income, and victims of sexual violence in childhood. CONCLUSIONS Psychological, physical and sexual violence showed highly frequency among women assisted by primary care services. Sociodemographic and behavioral factors, personal experiences, and maternal violence influence the phenomenon.
Psychometric properties of the Vulnerability to Abuse Screening Scale for screening abuse of older adults
Authors: Dantas Raquel Batista , Oliveira Graziella Lage , Silveira Andréa Maria
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Vulnerability to Abuse Screening Scale to identify risk of domestic violence against older adults in Brazil. METHODS The instrument was adapted and validated in a sample of 151 older adults from a geriatric reference center in the municipality of Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais, in 2014. We collected sociodemographic, clinical, and abuse-related information, and verified reliability by reproducibility in a sample of 55 older people, who underwent re-testing of the instrument seven days after the first application. Descriptive and comparative analyses were performed for all variables, with a significance level of 5%. The construct validity was analyzed by the principal components method with a tetrachoric correlation matrix, the reliability of the scale by the weighted Kappa (Kp) statistic, and the internal consistency by the Kuder-Richardson estimator formula 20 (KR-20). RESULTS The average age of the participants was 72.1 years (DP = 6.96; 95%CI 70.94–73.17), with a maximum of 92 years, and they were predominantly female (76.2%; 95%CI 69.82–83.03). When analyzing the relationship between the scores of the Vulnerability to Abuse Screening Scale, categorized by presence (score > 3) or absence (score < 3) of vulnerability to abuse, with clinical and health conditions, we found statistically significant differences for self-perception of health (p = 0.002), depressive symptoms (p = 0.000), and presence of rheumatism (p = 0.003). There were no statistically significant differences between sexes. The Vulnerability to Abuse Screening Scale acceptably evaluated validity in the transcultural adaptation process, demonstrating dimensionality coherent with the original proposal (four factors). In the internal consistency analysis, the instrument presented good results (KR-20 = 0.69) and the reliability via reproducibility was considered excellent for the global scale (Kp = 0.92). CONCLUSIONS The Vulnerability to Abuse Screening Scale proved to be a valid instrument with good psychometric capacity for screening domestic abuse against older adults in Brazil.
Intimate partner violence and incidence of common mental disorder
Authors: Mendonça Marcela Franklin Salvador de , Ludermir Ana Bernarda
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of intimate partner violence against women reported in the last 12 months and seven years with the incidence of common mental disorders. METHODS A prospective cohort study with 390 women from 18 to 49 years, registered in the Family Health Program of the city of Recife, State of Pernambuco; from July 2013 to December 2014. The Self Reporting Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20) assessed mental health. Intimate partner violence consists of concrete acts of psychological, physical or sexual violence that the partner inflicts on the woman. Poisson regression was used to estimate crude and adjusted relative risks (RR) of the association between common mental disorders and intimate partner violence. RESULTS The incidence of common mental disorders was 44.6% among women who reported intimate partner violence in the last 12 months and 43.4% among those who reported in the past seven years. Mental disorders remained associated with psychological violence (RR = 3.0; 95%CI 1.9–4.7 and RR = 1.8; 95%CI 1.0–3.7 in the last 12 months, and seven years, respectively), even in the absence of physical or sexual violence. When psychological violence were related to physical or sexual violence, the risk of common mental disorders was even higher, both in the last 12 months (RR = 3.1; 95%CI 2.1–4.7) and in the last seven years (RR = 2.5; 95%CI 1.7–3.8). CONCLUSIONS Intimate partner violence is associated with the incidence of common mental disorders in women. The treatment of the consequences of IPV and support for women in seeking protection for themselves for public services is essential.
Nematicide activity of microfungi (Orbiliales, Orbiliaceae) after transit through gastrointenstinal tract of “Gallus gallus domesticus”
Authors: SILVA Manoel Eduardo da , SILVEIRA Wendeo Ferreira da , BRAGA Fábio Ribeiro , ARAÚJO Jackson Victor de
Published: April 2017

SUMMARY Parasites are common in intensive or organics systems destined for chickens, which is more conducive to the emergence of gastrointestinal parasites, favored by direct contact with soil and other organisms. The growing demand for animal protein stimulates an expansion of production systems, increasing the stocking density. Outdoor poultry breeding systems (organic or not) that enable lower population density and higher animal welfare does not exclude these animals the presence of environmental pathogens. The control of gastrointestinal helminthosis in non-organic intensive and extensive systems is accomplished by administering anthelmintics with high cost and results unsatisfactory due to the misuse of drugs with consequent selection parasite strains resistant to chemical bases. This problem stimulate research into alternative control measures. Nematophagous fungi are used by its enzymatic action in controlled conditions and how environmental biocontrolers of larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes of livestock. This study evaluated the capacity of conidia/chlamydospores of nematophagous fungi as Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001 and CG722) and Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34A) for cross the gastrointestinal tract of domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), and yours germination after traffic and predatory activity “in vitro” on larvae of Panagrellus spp. Fungi conidia/chlamydospores was identified in feces of chickens at times of 6, 12 and 24 hours after administration and spores viability was found after observing the germination, mycelial growth, followed by production of traps, capture and death of Panagrellus spp larvae in feces. Fungi Nematophagous are alternative control measures, efficient and innovative technology for the biological control of helminth parasites of chickens.
Cold shortening decreases the tenderization of Biceps femoris muscle from lambs
Authors: FAUSTO Daiane Aparecida , LIMA Marcella Arcaro de , RAMOS Patricia Maloso , PERTILE Simone Fernanda Nedel , SUSIN Ivanete , DELGADO Eduardo Francisquine
Published: April 2017

SUMMARY This study evaluates the effects of Normal Shortening (NS) and Cold Shortening (CS) in sarcomere length, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBS) and tenderization process examined by Myofibrillar Fragmentation Index (MFI). The Biceps femoris muscle from ten Dorper x Santa Inês lambs was randomly assigned to 1) NS = cooling of the muscle in the carcass for 24 hours in a cold room at 4°C; or 2) CS = rapid cooling, in ice bath, of the muscle removed from the carcass immediately after slaughter. Sarcomere Length (SL) was determined in the collected samples 24 hours after slaughter and WBS and MFI in the aging periods (1 or 10 days post-mortem). The WBS value of the meat for 1 and 10 days were greater (P<0.05) for CS (4.90 ± 0.42 and 3.73 ± 0.42 kgf, respectively) than NS (4.07 ± 0.36 and 2.98 ± 0.38 kgf, respectively). There were negative correlations between WBS and SL (r= −0.59 and r=−0.69, P< 0.05) at 1 and 10 postmortem, respectively. Furthermore, there were positive correlations for MFI and SL (r= 0.46 and r=0.48, P< 0.05) at days 1 and 10, respectively. These results point to a negative impact of sarcomere cold shortening in the sheep meat tenderization process in the hindlimb muscle.
Composição química e cinética de degradação ruminal da aveia branca (Avena sativa L.) cv. IPR126 sob diferentes níveis de nitrogênio
Authors: PERETTI Jaidson , HENRIQUE Douglas Sampaio , MAYER Lilian Regina Rothe , MILITÃO Erica Rui , SCHIMITZ Rafael , BOGER Deividy Tiago , RÖSLER Jucemara Aparecida
Published: April 2017

RESUMO O trabalho visa à reunião de dados sobre composição bromatológica e perfil de degradação da IPR 126, adubada com níveis de 0, 180, 360 e 720 kg ha−1 de N, na forma de ureia, sendo aplicadas na implantação e após cada corte, com intervalo de 21 dias entre cortes. Analisou-se a Matéria Seca (MS), Matéria Mineral (MM), Extrato Etéreo (EE), Proteína Bruta (PB), Fibra em Detergente Neutro e Ácido (FDN e FDA), Lignina (LIG), Proteína Insolúvel em Detergente Neutro e Ácido (PIDN e PIDA) e Carboidratos Totais e Solúveis (CT e CHOs), e estimaram-se os parâmetros de cinética de degradação: volume máximo e taxa específica de produção de gás pela degradação da fração solúvel de rápida digestão (Vf1 e k1) volume máximo e taxa específica de produção de gás pela degradação da fração insolúvel potencialmente degradável de digestão lenta (Vf2 e k2) e latência (λ), pertencentes ao modelo logístico bicompartimental. O delineamento experimental foi blocos ao acaso, e a estrutura da matriz R adequada para cada parâmetro foi escolhida a partir da diferença entre os valores de Critério de Informação de Akaike Corrigido (AICc) representado pelo delta r (Δr). O nível de adubação causou aumento linear no teor de PB, e diminuição linear no teor de CT. O parâmetro λ variou de forma quadrática em função do nível de adubação. Os demais nutrientes e parâmetros não apresentaram variância significativa em função dos tratamentos. Não foi alcançada a fase assintótica da concentração de proteína, mesmo utilizando altas doses de nitrogênio.
Qualidade de ovos de poedeiras comerciais armazenados em diferentes temperaturas e períodos de estocagem
Authors: LANA Sandra Roseli Valerio , LANA Geraldo Roberto Quintão , SALVADOR Edivânia de Lima , LANA Ângela Maria Quintão , CUNHA Fabio Sales Albuquerque , MARINHO Andreza Lourenço
Published: April 2017

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade dos ovos de poedeiras comerciais armazenados em diferentes temperaturas e períodos de armazenamento. Foram coletados, logo após a postura, 360 ovos de galinhas poedeiras da linhagem Dekalb White. Todos os ovos foram identificados, pesados e distribuídos aleatoriamente às bandejas, sendo 150 armazenados em temperatura ambiente (26,5 ± 0,7°C), 150 ovos acondicionados em refrigeração (7,3 ± 0,5°C) e 60 ovos separados para realizar a avaliação no primeiro dia. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2×6, sendo duas temperaturas de armazenamento e seis períodos de avaliação da estocagem (zero, seis, 12, 18, 24, e 30 dias), com 30 repetições. As variáveis analisadas foram: pesos dos ovos, pesos absolutos e relativos de albúmen, gema e casca, altura do albúmen, gravidade específica, Unidade Haugh, diâmetro de albúmen, índice de albúmen e de gema. Os valores de pesos absolutos e relativos de ovos, gema e albúmen, altura de albúmen, gravidade específica, Unidade Haugh, diâmetro e índices de albúmen e de gema foram influenciados (P<0,05) pela temperatura e período de armazenamento. Os pesos absolutos de cascas não (P>0,05) foram influenciados pelas diferentes temperaturas, entretanto, as porcentagens de casca foram influenciadas (P<0,05) linearmente pelo tempo de armazenamento dos ovos. Concluiu-se que os ovos armazenados até seis dias após a postura se mantêm em padrão de alta qualidade em temperatura ambiente (26,5°C), e quando armazenados em refrigeração (7,3°C) mantêm padrão de excelente qualidade até os 30 dias.
Moringa oleifera na alimentação de bezerros lactentes da raça Pantaneira
Authors: OLIVEIRA Marcus Vinicius Morais , CHIODI Mariane da Silva , FERNANDES Henrique Jorge , LISITA Frederico Olivieri , LUZ Dirce Ferreira , SALLA Luciane Elisete
Published: April 2017

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho de bezerros da raça Pantaneira durante o período de amamentação. Para tanto, foram utilizados 10 bezerros do nascimento aos 84 dias de vida, com peso corpóreo médio de 23,3Kg, e divididos em dois tratamentos: C - animais que receberam concentrado (grupo controle); e CFM - animais que receberam o concentrado e feno de Moringa Oleifera (Moringa oleífera). O desempenho foi avaliado por meio do ganho de peso médio diário; do crescimento corpóreo, via medições do perímetro torácico e da altura de cernelha e de garupa; do consumo de matéria seca expresso em kg/dia, da porcentagem do peso corpóreo e em função do peso metabólico; dos consumos de proteína bruta e de fibra em detergente neutro; e da conversão alimentar. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos inteiramente casualizados, com dois tratamentos e cinco repetições, sendo cada unidade experimental representada por um animal. Foram realizadas análises de variância, e teste de Tukey para a comparação de médias, considerando-se um nível de significância de 5% de probabilidade. Os animais apresentaram um consumo de matéria seca, ganho de peso médio diário, porcentagem de peso corpóreo e de peso metabólico semelhantes; para ambos os tratamentos. Do mesmo modo ocorreu para a conversão alimentar e a proteína bruta, exceto para fibra em detergente neutro onde os animais alimentados com feno apresentaram um maior consumo. O desempenho dos bezerros lactentes Pantaneiros não foi influenciado com a inclusão do feno de moringa.
Biometric testicular and serum testosterone concentration of Brazilian Ponies stallions
Authors: RUA Miguel Alejandro Silva , QUIRINO Celia Raquel , VEJA Wilder Hernando Ortiz , BARTHOLAZZI JUNIOR Aylton , BASTOS Rosemary , MATOS Luis Fonseca , DAVID Caroline Marçal Gomes
Published: April 2017

SUMMARY Evaluation of the testis size is very important in stallions’ selection, since it is an indirect determinant of their reproductive potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biometric testicular traits, calculate the volume testicular and analyze the serum testosterone concentration of the stallion. During six months were measured the tests of adults Brazilian Ponies stallions from northern of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The length, the width and the height of the testicles (TL, TW and TH) were measured. From these measurements, the total testicular volume (TTV) was calculated. The serum testosterone concentration was also evaluated. The data were studied by analysis of variance and were calculated the correlations among the traits. The average of the testis biometry were TL 5.8 ± 0.6 cm; TW 3.8 ± 0.5 cm; TH 4.7 ± 0.4 cm and 111.2 ± 27.7 for TTV. Mean of serum testosterone concentration was 0.89 ± 0.52 ng/dl. High correlations between biometry testicular traits with testicular volume were observed and low to moderate correlations were observed for testicular traits, testosterone and sperm output. The testis size could be an important trait that assists to the prediction of stallion's reproductive potential of the Brazilian ponies stallions. It is suggested that there would be no fluctuation in serum testosterone concentration in Brazilian ponies stallions that coult afect on its fertility.
Different inoculum loads of Toxoplasma gondii induce reduction of myenteric neurons of the rat colon
Authors: Ferezin Rafael Isolani , Vicentino-Vieira Suellen Lais , Góis Marcelo Biondaro , Araújo Eduardo José de Almeida , Melo Gessilda de Alcântara Nogueira de , Garcia João Luis , Sant'Ana Débora de Mello Gonçales
Published: April 2017

Abstract Toxoplasmosis, a disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is an important health problem, especially in immunocompromised hosts. T. gondii uses the gut wall as an infection gateway, with tropism for muscular and nervous tissues causing intestinal alterations, including some in the enteric nervous system. This study aims at investigating the colon of rats infected by T. gondii in order to understand how the amount of oocysts influences in myenteric neuronal changes. Sixty Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into six groups. One group remained as a control and the others received inocula of 10, 50, 100, 500 or 5,000 oocysts of T. gondii. The animals were euthanized after 30 days of infection. The total neuronal population and the nitrergic subpopulation in the colon myenteric plexus of each animal was counted. The data were statistically analyzed showing less weight gain in rats with 10, 500 and 5,000 oocysts. A decrease in the number of total neurons with 50, 100 or 5,000 oocysts and an increase in the nitrergic population with 10, 100, 500 or 5,000 oocysts were verified. These results show that neuronal alterations are more significant when the infection is induced by larger inocula and reinforces the suspicion that neuronal loss is directed at cholinergic neurons.
Extrusion and heat treatment characteristics of 35% SiCp/6061Al composites
Authors: Aiqin Wang , Huidan Guo , Jingpei Xie , Wenyan Wang
Published: April 2017

Silicon carbide particle (SiCp)-reinforced 6061 aluminum (SiCp/6061Al) composites were produced by vacuum hot-press sintering technology and were subjected to hot extrusion and T6 treatment. The microstructures of the composite materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The density, tensile strength, hardness and conductivity of the composite materials were determined. The effects of hot extrusion and solution temperature on the microstructures and properties of SiCp/6061Al composites were investigated. The results show that hot extrusion can improve the microstructures and properties of the composite materials. After hot extrusion, the compact density improved from 98·09 to 99·10%, while the tensile strength was enhanced from 270 to 301 MPa. The properties of the composite materials can be further improved after T6 treatment. With increase in solution temperature, the dissolvable phases gradually mix and dissolve completely, with only a small quantity of insoluble phase remaining in the matrix, the hardness and tensile strength of composites first increase and then decrease, and the electrical conductivity decreases initially and attains stability after some time. After the solid is dissolved at 530°C and subjected to aging, the comprehensive property of SiCp/6061Al composite improves significantly. The tensile strength reaches 336 MPa, and the hardness is 101 HB.
Modelling and experimental investigation on laser welding of nitinol
Authors: Deepan Bharathi Kannan Thangaraju , Shegokar Abhijeet Ramesh , Ramesh Thillaigovindhan , Sathiya Paul
Published: April 2017

Laser welding of smart materials such as nitinol is a challenging task for researchers due to their temperature-dependent properties. Identifying the control parameters for laser welding of nitinol to develop flawless joints for proposing an operating window is another interesting as well as critical job of researchers. In this research work, modelling of laser-welded bead geometry, metallurgical characterisation, hardness and corrosion behaviour of laser-welded nitinol shape memory alloys are discussed. Ytterbium (Yb):yttrium aluminium garnet (Yag) laser welding equipment was used to carry out bead on plate welding trials considering various parameters such as laser power, welding speed, focal position and shielding gas flow rate. Experiments were conducted based on Taguchi L9 orthogonal array design. Comsol Multiphysics 5.1, a finite-element analysis tool, was used to predict the bead profile dimensions and the temperature variations along the weld. A comparison was made between the experimental and numerically predicted bead profile dimensions, and it was observed that the numerically predicted bead dimensions are in good agreement with the experimentally measured bead dimensions. Weld with improved hardness and corrosion resistance compared with the base metal was obtained using ytterbium:Yag laser welding.
Dye degradation of spherical and rod-shaped CuO semiconductor nanoparticles
Authors: Singh Gurjinder , Panday Sudhakar , Rawat Mohit , Basu Soumen
Published: April 2017

The chemical and physical properties of nanoparticles (NPs) are highly dependent on size, shape and structure. The smaller size of copper oxide (CuO) NPs paves the way for applications in sensor technology, solar cells, biology and photocatalysis. Here the authors report a wet chemical method for synthesis of stable CuO NPs by using copper acetate as the precursor and the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide or hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (Ctab) ([(C16H33)N(CH3)3]Br). Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy shows that the CuO NPs have an absorbance peak at 289 nm, which gives a band gap of 2·5 eV, and Fourier transform infrared spectra confirm the capping of Ctab. Scanning electron microscopy images show that the NPs are spherical and rod-shaped and have diameters varying between 9 nm and 1 μm. The X-ray diffraction pattern shows that the synthesised NPs were high-purity CuO with average size = 10 nm, which is also confirmed by transmission electron microscopy results. The as-synthesised CuO NPs were subjected to a dye degradation study in time-specific mode on methyl orange (MO) and Congo red (CR) dyes by using a UV-irradiated source. The calculated degradation efficiencies of approximately 92% (MO) and 91% (CR) show promising application of CuO NPs in photocatalytic activity.
Synthesis of advanced phosphatic geopolymers utilizing fly ash by way of greener route
Authors: Bhardwaj Pooja , Gupta Rainy , Mishra Deepti , Mudgal Manish , Amritphale Sudhir Sitaram
Published: April 2017

In the present work, fly ash-based advanced phosphatic geopolymers were synthesized through a greener route by mechanochemical cogrinding of raw materials. This results in the formation of a solid precursor, which is converted into the advanced geopolymer by adding water alone, thus eliminating the hazards associated with alkali handling along with waste reduction. The precursor and advanced geopolymer were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Solid-state chemical transformations occurred during mechanochemical cogrinding of the raw materials as evident from the in situ formation of novel phases containing calcium and phosphate ions in the XRD of the advanced phosphatic geopolymer precursor. FTIR studies confirmed the SN1 mechanism during mechanochemical cogrinding of the raw materials. The SEM microstructures revealed improved gelation with substantial reduction in particle size. The advanced phosphatic geopolymers exhibit improved mechanical properties in terms of compressive strength, which is found to be up to 34·7 MPa. The results show that the developed material can be optimized to be well suited for making cement, bricks and paver blocks.
Stabilisation of oil-contaminated soils using microbially induced calcite crystals by bacterial flocs
Authors: Cheng L. , Shahin M. A.
Published: April 2017

Of late, oil spills have occurred frequently in many places around the world, causing serious geoenvironmental problems. The oil products adversely affect the safety of civil engineering infrastructures by altering the engineering properties of soils. This study proposes and describes a new approach for the stabilisation of oil-contaminated soils using a modified approach for the microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) technique. In contrast to one common method of MICP treatment that has been applied in the literature through the two-phase injection method, the new approach proposed herein involves premixing ureolytic bacterial flocs with oil-contaminated soils for the purpose of bacteria introduction and fixation. Repeated flushes of cementation solution (i.e. calcium chloride and urea) are then followed, leading to the precipitation of low-soluble calcite (calcium carbonate) crystals. This new MICP exploration was successful in producing an unconfined compressive strength of up to 1200 kPa, thereby providing a high potential for stabilising oil-contaminated soils in regions of oil spills.
Effect of on-street parking pricing on motorists’ mode choice
Authors: Kazemi Arian , Mirbaha Babak , Kordani Ali Abdi
Published: April 2017

The aim of this study is to assess and predict the effects of on-street parking cost elasticity on the mode choice behaviour of motorists. The stated preference method was used for data collection in the central business district of Qazvin, Iran, and the mode choice behaviour of motorists was modelled through different pricing scenarios. Using a multinomial logit model, it can be concluded that the price value of the motorist's car, car ownership per household, hourly parking rate, maximum hourly parking rate that the users are willing to pay, trip purpose and the education level of the users are significant in users' mode choice utility due to pricing. The results have indicated that by increasing the parking hourly rate from 500 to 60 000 IRR (Iranian Rial), 74% of users will shift their modes from private cars. Shares of choosing a taxi or bus will increase 28 and 18%, respectively.
Afrikas Morgenröte
Authors: Eckert Andreas
Published: April 2017

Vor gut eineinhalb Jahrzehnten mutmaßte Wolf Lepenies, dass Afrika Europa den Spiegel seiner Zukunft vorhalten könnte. Dieses Bild ist inzwischen zu einem gängigen Topos der Forschung geworden. Besonders zugespitzt haben es die in Harvard lehrenden Starethnologen Jean und John Comaroff, die Afrika nicht am Rande des globalen Kapitalismus, sondern in dessen Zentrum verorten. Afrika ist den Comaroffs zufolge eine Region, in der vorgeführt wurde und noch wird, wie das Kapital größtmöglichen Profit zu minimalen Kosten bei geringen Infrastrukturmaßnahmen zu erzielen sucht.
Laokoons Autopsie
Authors: Giuliani Luca
Published: April 2017

Laokoon als Schmerzensmann Am 14. Januar 1506 wurden in Rom bei den Arbeiten in einem Weinberg am Esquilin in einer unterirdischen Kammer die Reste einer antiken Gruppe gefunden: Die einzelnen Teile waren von aufsehenerregender Qualität und nahezu vollständig.
The Legal Status of the Spanish Imperial Eagle in Spain and Thoughts on Environmental Law and Policy as Contributing Factors in the Conservation of Species
Authors: Knobel Johann C
Published: April 2017

This contribution reflects on the contributory role of environmental law and policy in the successful conservation interventions on behalf of the rare Spanish Imperial Eagle (Aquila Adalberti), with the aim of gaining insights that may be more universally applicable, including in jurisdictions such as South Africa. An overview of applicable international, European and Spanish laws and policies is given, and the role played by these instruments is considered together with successes attained with diverse conservation goals in respect of the Spanish Imperial Eagle. The exceptionally comprehensive character of the legal protection of the Spanish Imperial Eagle is highlighted, in conjunction with some extra-legal factors that have contributed to successful outcomes. While quantification of the role of the law in the conservation of a species remains elusive, it is probably safe to conclude that environmental law and policy have played a vital and central role in the improvement of the conservation status of the Spanish Imperial Eagle. It is submitted that the conservation interventions on behalf of the Spanish Imperial Eagle show that concerted legal and other conservation interventions can effectively halt and reverse the decline of an endangered species. However, such interventions are onerous and expensive and ideally, effective conservation measures should be in place before populations have declined to a critical level. Birds of prey face similar threats in South Africa and Spain, and a number of South African raptor species will soon be classified as endangered. While South African biodiversity laws and policy are similar to the European and Spanish laws in general import and methodology, the South African laws and policy are more restricted in scope, less detailed and less prescriptive. When comparing the use of Spanish and South African legislation in the conservation of birds of prey, sight must not be lost of the varying conservation needs of different species and the unequal resources available to different jurisdictions.
The Regulation of Acid Mine Drainage in South Africa: Law and Governance Perspectives
Authors: Feris Loretta , Kotze Louis J
Published: April 2017

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is arguably one of the most serious environmental concerns in South Africa. AMD is a legacy left behind by abandoned, derelict and defunct mines, and is a continuing by-product of existing mining activities. In addition to its environmental impacts, AMD will also impact on all the parameters of sustainability, including ecological, social and economic concerns. In particular, AMD is set to affect infrastructure, displace people and affect their livelihoods, influence economic activity, impact on the resource extraction industry, and affect South Africa's policies and actions in relation to climate change and its efforts to move towards a low carbon economy; and it will test the efficiency of regulatory interventions emanating from both the private and the public sector to the extreme. Given these pervasive challenges, in this article we provide a survey of the AMD problem in South Africa through the law and governance lens. We commence by highlighting the various issues and challenges that result from AMD in the environmental context on the one hand, and the law and governance context on the other hand. We then describe the many provisions of the regulatory framework that we believe would be instrumental in responding to the threat. We conclude the article with brief remarks on what we believe are important considerations in the future regulation of AMD.
Validation Of Methods Of Diagnosis Of Social Anxiety On The Russian Adolescents
Authors: Klimenkova E.N. , Kholmogorova A.B.
Published: April 2017

This article is devoted to the validation of Social Avoidance and Distress Scale — SADS (D. Watson, R. Friend, 1969) and a Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale — BFNE (Leary, MR, 1983) — two questionnaires for the study of social anxiety in the modern adolescent sample. 246 students of Moscow schools and colleges were involved in the study. It has been shown that the sex and age factors do not affect social anxiety, test responses are normally distributed. Standard intervals were identified for both questionnaires. Both questionnaires also showed high internal consistency and internal validity. In order to test the external validity of the questionnaires part of the sample filled out M. Kovac’s childhood depression and A.M. Prihozhan’s trait anxiety scales, previously validated in Russian adolescent samples. The resulting correlations confirm the external validity of the scales.

This article was prepared with the financial support of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (grant № 14-18-03461) at the Federal Medical Research Centre of Psy- chiatry and Narcology under the Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation.
The History Of Psychotherapy. Lecture 2. Historical Background Of Psychotherapy (Part IV)
Authors: Grinshpun I.B.
Published: April 2017

The paper continues the cycle of lectures by Igor Borisovitch Grinshpun on history of psychotherapy. The current part of the lecture recounts the work of American psychologist and philosopher William James. His main works “The Principles of Psychology” and “The Varieties of Religious Experience” are discussed, his ideas on consciousness and personality are considered, and their influence on psychology and psychotherapy is traced. This lecture takes stock of the historical background of psychotherapy and makes a summary of the main events of the 19th century, which either influenced psychotherapy directly or proved significant to the development of psychotherapy.

Students and colleagues of I.B. Grinshpun prepared the text for publication: Yana Bovbas, Ekaterina Mazaeva, Maria Marchenkova.
CRESCIMENTO DE Arundina graminifolia (D. DON.) HOCHR. EM DIFERENTES MEIOS DE CULTIVO E NÍVEIS DE pH
Authors: Pedroso-de-Moraes Cristiano , Souza-Leal Thiago , Diogo José Alberto , Canabrava Rosangela Isete , Pedro Natália Pierobon , Marteline Marco Aurélio
Published: April 2017

Arundina graminifolia é uma orquídea apreciada mundialmente pelo seu valor ornamental, possuindo também uso medicinal. Entretanto, os baixos investimentos relacionados a melhorias das atuais técnicas de cultivo in vitro, ferramenta importante para propagação de diversas espécies de orquídeas, impedem a diminuição dos custos de propagação. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos do meio de cultura ½MS e de dois meios a base dos fertilizantes comerciais Hyponex® (NPK 6,5-6-19) e Kristalon laranja® (NPK 6-12-36), submetidos a três níveis de pH (5,3, 5,8 e 6,3), sobre o crescimento in vitro de A. graminifolia. Para tanto, sementes foram distribuídas em quatro frascos de cada meio e, após 180 dias de cultivo, foram retiradas aleatoriamente vinte plântulas de cada frasco para análise estatística. O meio de cultura mais eficiente foi o meio ½MS com nível de pH de 5,8, que apresentou as maiores médias para todas as variáveis analisadas.
Telecommunications Performance Monitoring and Unlimited Data
Authors: Gregory Mark A
Published: April 2017

The Australian telecommunications industry has been slow to call for or to adopt new practices and the National Broadband Network has exacerbated the problem of technology adoption lag. There are two key issues facing telecommunication consumers today. The cost of optical networking has significantly reduced over the past five years so there is no justification for the network congestion that occurs on Australian telecommunication networks. To remedy this situation the introduction of performance monitoring is fully supported. It is time for the telecommunications industry to adopt new broadband business models that are based on the provision of unlimited data and a maximum of 90 to 95 per cent utilisation on optical network links.
Sobre cambios en la línea de costa entre 1735 y 2011 y la subsidencia en la Bahía de Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
Authors: Andrade-Amaya Carlos Alberto , Ferrero-Ronquillo Alex José , León-Rincón Hermann , Mora-Páez Héctor , Carvajal-Perico Henry
Published: April 2017

Se analizó la tendencia del ascenso del nivel del mar en Cartagena con respecto a otros puertos en el mar Caribe en el contexto de los cambios que se aprecian en la  línea de costa en la región. La comparación entre mapas del sur de la Bahía de Cartagena elaborados en 1735 y 2011 evidenció la desaparición de islas y zonas de manglar en una amplia zona del área suroeste. La pérdida de zona costera en la Bahía se refleja en una mayor tasa de ascenso del nivel del mar en Cartagena debido a la subsidencia local, lo cual requiere de acciones inmediatas de prevención. Los datos geodésicos de la estación GPS instalada sobre el techo de la edificación del Centro de Investigaciones Oceanográficas e Hidrográficas, CIOH, revelaron una posible subsidencia en la región de la Isla de Manzanillo, la cual podrá contrastarse con los datos que puedan obtenerse de una estación empotrada sobre la superficie terrestre. © 2017. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
Variabilidad intraestacional de la precipitación en Colombia y su relación con la oscilación de Madden-Julian
Authors: Torres-Pineda Claudia Elizabeth , Pabón-Caicedo José Daniel
Published: April 2017

Se exploró el efecto de la oscilación de Madden-Julian (OMJ) en la precipitación en diferentes regiones del territorio colombiano. Mediante la comparación del índice de Madden-Julian (IMJ) y de los índices de precipitación (IP), y el uso de coeficientes de correlación y comparación de espectros, se analizó la relación entre la OMJ y la variabilidad intraestacional de la precipitación. Se estableció que las fases extremas de la OMJ se relacionaban con anomalías en la precipitación en Colombia; sin embargo, en el análisis de correlación se obtuvieron coeficientes muy bajos, a pesar de que los espectros de las series del IMJ y de los IP evidenciaron una señal clara en el período de los 30 días. En la comparación de la respuesta de los IP a las fases extremas de la OMJ, expresadas en los valores máximos y mínimos de los IMJ sobre la longitud de 120°O, se estableció que en los extremos positivos de dicho índice (fase positiva o ‘subsidente’) se registraba una disminución de la precipitación pentadal en algunas regiones del país, en tanto que en los valores extremos negativos (fase negativa o convectiva) la precipitación pentadal aumentaba; en siete de las 24 regiones del país no se pudo determinar un patrón de respuesta definido. Con base en estos resultados, se elaboraron dos mapas de respuesta de la precipitación en las regiones del país en las fases extremas de la OMJ (un mapa para la respuesta en los valores mínimos del IMJ y otro mapa para los máximos), los cuales pueden utilizarse en la predicción climática operativa en algunas regiones de Colombia. © 2017. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
Computation of matrices and submodular functions values associated to nite topological spaces
Authors: Cuevas Rozo Julian L. , Sarria Zapata Humberto
Published: April 2017

Las funciones submodulares han mostrado su importancia en el estudio y la caracterización múltiples propiedades de los espacios topológicos finitos, a partir de valores numéricos proporcionados por dichas funciones (Sarria, Roa & Varela, 2014). Sin embargo, el cálculo de éstos valores se ha realizado manualmente e incluso haciendo uso de diagramas de Hasse, lo que no es práctico. En este artículo, presentamos algunos algoritmos que nos permiten calcular cierta clase de funciones polimatroides, específicamente fU, fD, f y rA, las cuales definen una topología, por medio del uso de matrices topogéneas.
Non-marine fish of the late Santonian Milk River Formation of Alberta, Canada – evidence from vertebrate microfossil localities
Authors: Brinkman Don B , Neuman Andrew G. , Divay Julien
Published: April 2017

The diversity of fishes from the late Santonian Milk River Formation is investigated using a combined taxonomic/morphotype approach. Twenty-one taxa are present, including four elasmobranchs, seven basal actinopterygians, and of ten teleosts. The Milk River fish assemblage is more similar to assemblages from southern Utah than it is to the late Campanian assemblage of Alberta in the presence of the elasmobranch Lonchidion and a member of amiid subfamily Vidalamiinae, the relatively high abundance of the ostariophysan teleost U3/BvD, and the absence of sturgeon, Holostean A, Holostean B, and Coriops. This similarity is hypothesized to be the result of a northern shift in the distribution of these taxa during times of high global temperature, resulting in the presence of a “southern” faunal assemblage in Alberta during the late Santonian. In the relative abundance patterns of major groups of fish, the Milk River Formation assemblage is similar to late Campanian assemblages and different from those of late Maastrichtian in that amiids and lepsisoteids are of relatively low abundance. The abundance of acanthomorph teleosts in the Milk River Formation is similar to that of contemporaneous assemblages from Utah, which supports a pattern of increasing abundance of acanthomorphs from their first occurrence in non-marine vertebrate assemblages of the Western Interior in the Coniacian through to the end of the Cretaceous.
Towards Global Knowledge Society; A SWOT Analysis of Higher Education of Pakistan in Context of Internationalization
Authors: Khalid Jamshed , Ali Anees Janee , Khaleel Mohammad , Islam Md Shamimul
Published: April 2017

Purpose – The purpose of this study to overview the trends of higher education globally, within Asia Pacific Region and specially in Pakistan. Most importantly, current study highlights the strengths and opportunities as well as weakness and threads of Pakistan’s higher education system by proposing a SWOT analysis of higher education internationalization.

Design/methodology/approach – This review paper is meant to appear in conjunction with more discrete and in-depth previous literature regarding higher education internationalization. 

Findings – It is investigated that higher education institutions in Pakistan are in need to rethink and reshape internationalization strategies following global standard which would be useful for the smooth drive towards global knowledge society and quality of higher education can be enhanced by developing internationalized curriculum, recruiting international students and staff and establishing international research collaboration programs.

Originality/value – In this study a SWOT analysis of internationalization has been proposed which illustrates the internal and external factors which are positively or negatively impacting the higher education system in Pakistan.
EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL EMANCIPATÓRIA EM MANGUINHOS/RJ: UMA ESCOLA CERCADA DE ÁGUA POR TODOS OS LADOS
Authors: Brandão Roberto Eduardo Albino , Ferreira Ariene Dos Santos , Campos Franciele Pereira , Vasconcellos Maria Das Mercês Navarro , Bonatto Maria Paula de Oliveira , Domingos Patrícia
Published: April 2017

EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL EMANCIPATÓRIA EM MANGUINHOS/RJ:UMA ESCOLA CERCADA DE ÁGUA POR TODOS OS LADOS
EaD NA FORMAÇÃO E CAPACITAÇÃO DE SERVIDORES PÚBLICOS E DA SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA – REFLEXÕES
Authors: Dall’Igna Sônia Maria , Spanhol Fernando José , Souza Marcio Vieira de
Published: April 2017

EaD NA FORMAÇÃO E CAPACITAÇÃO DE SERVIDORES PÚBLICOS E DA SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA – REFLEXÕES
TÉCNICA CONDUZINDO VIDAS
Authors: Carrer Juliano
Published: April 2017

TÉCNICA CONDUZINDO VIDAS
EDUCAÇÃO MATEMATICA E TECNOLOGIAS: UM ESTUDO SOBRE OS RECURSOS EDUCACIONAIS ABERTOS
Authors: Passos Maickeon Dos , Zanette Elisa Netto
Published: April 2017

EDUCAÇÃO MATEMATICA E TECNOLOGIAS: UM ESTUDO SOBRE OS RECURSOS EDUCACIONAIS ABERTOS
PREMISSAS DE INCLUSÃO DIGITAL NA FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DE EDUCADORES: UM ESTUDO MULTICASO REALIZADO NO BRASIL E EM PORTUGAL
Authors: Marcon Karina , Carvalho Marie Jane Soares
Published: April 2017

PREMISSAS DE INCLUSÃO DIGITAL NA FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DE EDUCADORES: UM ESTUDO MULTICASO REALIZADO NO BRASIL E EM PORTUGAL
AS CONFIGURAÇÕES DE SENTIDO EM TEXTOS FICCIONAIS PRODUZIDOS POR ALUNOS DE EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA EM FUNÇÃO DE DIFERENTES ESTRATÉGIAS DE ENSINO
Authors: Ferreira Ana Paula , Junior Celso Ferrarezi
Published: April 2017

AS CONFIGURAÇÕES DE SENTIDO EM TEXTOS FICCIONAIS PRODUZIDOS POR ALUNOS DE EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA EM FUNÇÃO DE DIFERENTES ESTRATÉGIAS DE ENSINO
EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL NA ESCOLA: ATRAVÉS DA CONSTRUÇÃO DE ESPAÇOS REFLEXIVOS DE PROBLEMATIZAÇÃO SOBRE O TEMA
Authors: Machado Gabriella Eldereti , Mazzaro Bruna Roque , Brandão Janaína Balk , Messa Katia
Published: April 2017

EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL NA ESCOLA: ATRAVÉS DA CONSTRUÇÃO DE ESPAÇOS REFLEXIVOS DE PROBLEMATIZAÇÃO SOBRE O TEMA
Faculty Perceptions of Workload: A Human Factor’s Approach to Instrument Development
Authors: Neill Denise
Published: April 2017

Background and Purpose: Research revealed nursing faculty members’ perceived workload measures do not adequately capture the complexity of their workload. Using a human factors approach to address the multiple complex dimensions from the subjective perception of the worker, the Nurse Faculty Workload Assessment (NFWA) was developed. Methods: Survey data from 565 faculty members were used to establish the instrument’s psychometric properties. Results: NWFA Sections 1, 2, and 3 demonstrated reliability and internal consistency. Findings supported interrelationships between activity complexity, performance circumstances, and individual characteristics described in human factors workload literature. Conclusions: The NFWA provides a tool for administrators to evaluate faculty perception of workload expectations. Further study is needed to refine the NFWA and to compare the perception of faculty regarding workload using various workload formula calculations in various nursing programs.