bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF CIVIL SAFETY ISSUES IN THE TRAINING OF SPECIALISTS IN ENVERONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Oksana Rohulska  , Anatoliy Nester  , Galyna Kalda  , Izabela Piegdoń  , Anastasja Prydoloba
Published: May 2023

The article deals with the expediency of using multimedia technologies in the training of future specialists in environmental engineering and construction, including at the initial stage in the study of the subject "Introduction to the specialty". It is emphasized that these technologies open unprecedented prospects in solving important tasks and lead to the transition from the traditional scheme of transfer of reproductive knowledge to a new, creative form of learning. It is established that multimedia technologies in the classes of future specialists in environmental engineering and construction contribute to: the formation of professional skills through the use of Internet materials of different levels of complexity; improving listening skills with the help of authentic sound texts, film episodes; development of dialogue skills, improvement of professional correspondence skills, enrichment of professional vocabulary (both active and passive), which reflects a certain stage in the development of culture, various technical equipment, social and political structure of society; enrichment of students with cultural knowledge, including professional etiquette, features of traditions; improving knowledge through online exercises and tests.

It is proved that the use of multimedia presentations in the training of future specialists in environmental engineering and construction, provides the function of transmitting information, as well as receiving feedback in the process of its perception and assimilation, as information presented in visual form is most accessible to perception.

It is noted that the use of multimedia technologies in the training of future professionals contributes to the intensification and enrichment of the educational process, evokes a conscious perception of educational material, motivates and activates student learning, individualizes the process of studying specialties, diversifies classes, and promotes mental and creative skills. construction and civil security, increases interest in training and the level of professional skills.
DESCRIPTION, IDENTIFICATION & PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION OF CALENDULA OFFICINALIS: A REVIEW
Authors: Pal Kuntal , Kabiraj Amitava , Maiti Sagar
Published: May 2023

Ayurveda is the ancient thought and treatise that deals with the knowledge of living a healthy life. There are several types of medicaments that are being used in the Ayurvedic mode of treatment. The source of these drugs is diverse and belongs to different category. The category ranges from plants and animals to minerals and encircles around different types of species of plants and animals with vivid habitats. Ayurvedic plants have shown their effects on various kind of diseases. Those properties of the plants are sublimed in some molecules in the plants, which can be extracted out by performing various kind of processes (eg. Soxhlation, Percolation). Many plants which are used by the human being in daily life, also have some effects in curing some disease conditions. Calendula officinalis is a plant that possess many pharmacological actions due to it contains numerous polyphenols & antioxidants, so this plant is studied both in the laboratory as well as in clinical setting for different therapeutic aspects. This review makes a humble effort to summaries & gather knowledge about the Description, Identification & Pharmacological Properties of the said plant. The study shows that this plant not only possessed wound healing properties, but also it has a wide range of pharmacological uses. Furthermore experiments & clinical trials needed to confirm those founded results.
Determination of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from Herbal Drugs Hawked in Onitsha Anambra State Nigeria
Authors: Frances Ejimofor, Chiamaka , Enoch Nwakoby, Nnamdi , Johnson Oledibe, Odira , Eziamaka Afam-Ezeaku, Chikaodili , Ann Mbaukwu, Onyinye
Published: May 2023

This study aimed at the determination of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolated from herbal drugs hawked in Onitsha Anambra State. The microbiological purity and antibacterial characteristics of six Nigerian herbal remedies with the stated efficiency of healing all manners of microbial infections were evaluated.  The herbal remedies were discovered to be contaminated with the following microorganisms: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus sp, Salmonella spp and E. coli. Qualitative phytochemical screening of the herbal remedies revealed the presence of saponin, tannins, alkaloids, anthraquinone and cardiac glycosides which suggest possible antimicrobial effect. The maximum activity of the herbal remedies in the test isolates was observed on Staphylococcus aureus, which showed clear zones of inhibition with diameters ranging from 7.00 to 13mm for the six herbal drugs respectively while it had low activity on E coli, with clear zones of inhibition of 6.00mm, to 14.00mm. The herbal extracts have shown appreciable antimicrobial activities comparable to the currently prescribed modern drugs tested. As a result, additional investigations on clinical efficacy trials, safety, toxicity, and affordability analyses must be initiated as soon as possible in order to proceed to the final step of synthesizing precursor molecules for novel effective antimicrobials.
Chronic Toxicological Assessment of Aqueous Extract of a Combination of Nauclea latifolia Root and Acalypha torta Leaf on the Liver, Kidney and Heart of Wistar Rat
Authors: Ezekwesili C. N. , Ezeigwe O. C. , Asomugha R. N. , Ekwunife C. A. , Ekwealor C. C. , Adindu S. C. , Orji E. C.
Published: May 2023

Background: Nauclea latifolia and Acalypha torta are medicinal plants found in Nigeria with scientifically validated anti-diabetic properties. Although these herbal preparations are derived from natural sources, some of them may still possess the potential to cause some adverse reactions on the vital organs of the body.

Aim: This study was therefore designed to assess the chronic toxicological effects of orally administered aqueous extract of a combination of N. latifolia root and A. torta leaf on the liver, kidney, and heart of Wistar rats.

Materials and Methods: Hot aqueous extraction of the mixture of dried, pulverized samples was carried out for 24 hours at the laboratory temperature. After filtrations, the final filtrate was evaporated to dryness using Rotary Evaporator. Effects of the Nauclea latifolia Acalypha torta extract ( NLAT), on the liver, kidney, and heart were assessed following daily oral administration of the extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats at the dose of 100.0 mg/kg for six months. Changes in body weight and blood glucose levels were monitored. All the indices of liver, kidney, and heart functions were estimated with the aid of Randox Diagnostic Test Kits following the manufacturer’s methods and a total of eighty-four rats (120-150g) were used.

Results: Results showed that the extract, NLAT, had a positive impact on body weight which correlates with the concomitant reduction in the average blood sugar levels. There was no observable significant differences (P>0.05) in the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) when compared with the controls. Total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), creatinine, and urea levels were within the normal ranges. Histopathological evaluations showed no perturbation of the normal architectures of the liver, kidney and heart.

Conclusion: The combination at the dose tested was well tolerated by the animals and there was no indication of hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, or cardiotoxicity.
The Mediating Effect of Language Skills Development in the Relationship of Vocabulary Learning Strategies and Motivation to Learn
Authors: Andante Rochelle M. , Limpot Marilou Y.
Published: May 2023

Aims: To determine if there is a relationship between motivation, vocabulary learning strategies, and language skills development among Senior high School students. To determine also the mediating effect of language skills development in motivation to learn and vocabulary learning strategies.

Study Design: Quantitative non-experimental design.

Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted among Senior High School students in Rizal Memorial College, Assumption College of Davao, and University of Mindanao during the school year 2022-2023.

Methodology: The respondents were 355 senior high school students from private schools in Davao City, Region 11, Philippines. The respondents were chosen using stratified random sampling. The data were collected using survey questionnaire.

Results: The overall results showed that the respondents had a moderate level of vocabulary learning strategies and high level of motivation and language skills development. It also showed a significant relationship between three variables: motivation to learn, vocabulary learning strategies, and language skills development. Results also showed that language skills development had a partial mediation in the relationship of motivation to learn and vocabulary learning strategies.

Conclusions: The high level of motivation to learn and language skills development indicates that motivation is already shown in students and developing their language skills is often manifested in them. However, the moderate level of vocabulary learning strategies indicates that students are not always using the strategies to improve their vocabulary. Thus, researcher recommends that teachers provide activities like mystery word, dictionary dig, digital vocabulary field trip and many more for students to use vocabulary learning strategies and enhance their interest in learning. More importantly, teachers should emphasize to students the importance of believing in themselves as stated in self-efficacy theory.
Implementation of Place Based Education in Lower Primary English Class in Southern Part of Trashigang Dzongkhag, Bhutan
Authors: Kelzang  , Wangmo Kesang , Daker Sonam , Lhadon Pema
Published: May 2023

Aims: To explore how Place-Based Education (PBE) is implemented in teaching English in lower primary class. It also explored on the challenges and opportunities the PBE offers as a teaching-learning approach.

Study Design: The qualitative study with an case study design grounded on the social constructivist worldview was used in this study.

Methodology: Purposive sampling was used and collected data from twenty-two participants; five face-to-face interviews with teachers and four focus group discussions (FGD) with class II and III students, the data was also collected from one principal and analysed using thematic approach.

Results: The literature shows that PBE principles were used in several fields of education for different purposes. Further, research suggests that principles of PBE can help students to engage in a meaningful learning experience using local community resources and boost students’ communication skills. In addition, the findings revealed that English teachers of lower primary classes implemented few principles of PBE such as learner-centered, inquiry-based, and community as classroom. On the other hand, teachers do not used local to global, design thinking and interdisciplinary approach due to time constraint and lack of experiences. Thus, the teachers do not fully utilize the local and community resources due to lack of competencies of teachers in terms of knowledge and skills to implement PBE approaches.

Conclusion: The study recommended that teachers be provided with a monthly refresher course on PBE principles to integrate into teaching English. In addition, administrator, parents and teacher colleagues render full support to implement PBE teaching.  Therefore, future research is needed to ascertain how the principles of PBE are effective in helping learners improve academic achievement.
Three Parameter Transmuted Exponential Distribution
Authors: Ray Dipanjali , Roy Tanusree Deb
Published: May 2023

Many distribution functions, can be explored in numerous dimensions with their extended form. In this paper an extended form of exponential distribution is studied by the quadratic rank transmutation map, called three parameter transmuted exponential distribution, where the base distribution is exponential distribution with two parameters \(\theta\) > 0 and \(\beta\) > 0 , shape and location parameters respectively. Some statistical properties have been studied for the said distribution including moments, quantile function, moment generating function, reliability analysis, mills ratio, reverse hazard rate function, order statistics, Bonferroni and Lorenz curves and indices, mean deviation about mean and median, estimation of parameter. The applicability have been explored by comparing value of -2ℓ, AIC and BIC using real data set.
Comparative Study of Remnant Cholesterol, Some Lipid Fractions and FBS Level in Overweight and Obese Participants in South East Nigeria
Authors: Chinonso Nnamdi J. , Amah Ubuo K. , Anaelechi Onuegbu J. , Stellarmaris Okeke C. , Chukwudi Oti D. , Obioma Iwuagwu G. , Nwaisaac Ikechukwu S. , Chika Ahams E.
Published: May 2023

Background: Obesity is one of the characteristics of metabolic disorders, it has been linked to cardiovascular diseases. Remnant cholesterol has been proposed to be a link between obesity and coronary heart disease, thus a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease in obese people.  We compared the level of calculated non-fasting remnant cholesterol, fasting and non-fasting lipid profile and fasting blood sugar in overweight, obese and normal weight participants in Nnewi, a town in South East Nigeria.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 90 apparently healthy obese, overweight and normal weight participants who met the inclusion criteria were randomly enrolled. They were grouped using their body mass index of 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2 (normal weight), 25 to 29.9 kg/m2 (overweight) and ≥30 kg/m2 (obese). The parameters were analyzed using standard methods.

Results: Our results shows that there was progressive increase of remnant cholesterol among the group, this increase has no statistical difference (p>0.05) in the mean calculated remnant cholesterol (mmol/l) between the obese (0.72±0.4), overweight (0.68±0.46), and normal weight (0.50±0.28) participants. The mean fasting Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) and Triglyceride (TG) (mmol/l) were significantly higher (p<0.05) in overweight compared to normal weight participants (0.76±0.31 vs. 0.47±0.22) and (1.72±0.60 vs. 1.09±0.51) and obese participants (0.82±0.23 vs. 0.47±0.22) and (1.85±0.59 vs. 1.09±0.51) when compared to normal weight participants respectively. FBS levels (mmol/l) were significantly lower in normal weight participants when compared to overweight participants (3.45±0.79 vs. 4.46±1.82) and obese participants (3.46± 0.79 vs. 4.94±1.26).

Conclusion: The results obtained from this study demonstrated a progressive increase in the level of remnant cholesterol which was not statistically significant among apparently healthy individuals across the group. Furthermore we did not observed Remnant cholesterol as a sole predictor to obesity which will lead to cardiovascular diseases, with the rising prevalence of obesity in developing country as well as its associated complications and risks.
Network-based Toxicogenomics Approach to Unraveling the Influence of Lead and Cadmium Mixture on the Development and Progression of Hypertension
Authors: Olukunle Oluwatoyin Folake , Omoboyede Victor
Published: May 2023

Heavy metals, generally characterized by high densities and atomic weights, are ubiquitous in the environment and are a public health concern due to the several health issues they pose to humans. Of all heavy metals, lead and cadmium among others are known to be capable of inducing multiple health effects even at a low rate of exposure. Hypertension (HYP), a major cause of death and a risk factor for other cardiovascular diseases, is known to be caused by both lead and cadmium. While the mechanism underlying the development of HYP induced by independent exposure to lead and cadmium has been well studied, the mechanism underlying the induction and progression of HYP upon lead and cadmium co-exposure remains mildly explored. Hence, this study aimed to elucidate the mechanism using a toxicogenomic approach. The set of genes affected by both heavy  metals was identified using the comparative toxicogenomics database (CTD) while HYP targets were retrieved from the Gene Cards database. The shared genes between the heavy metals and the disease were identified and subjected to further analysis. The results of our analysis revealed the signaling pathways that are dysregulated by lead and cadmium co-exposure while oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction were revealed as processes pertinent to the induction and progression of HYP by lead and cadmium co-exposure. Biomarkers that could be used for prognosis evaluation were also identified. Ultimately, this study supports and advances the growing body of finding on the roles played by lead and cadmium co-exposure in inducing HYP.
Perceived Impact of FishCORAL-Related Coastal Resource Management Interventions in Ragay, Camarines Sur, Philippines
Authors: Bergonio Emerson L.
Published: May 2023

The paper presents the assessment study aimed to (a) determine the level of awareness of the fishers on the Coastal Resource Management initiatives of the FishCORAL project in Ragay, Camarines Sur, (b) document the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the fishers on coastal resources management (hereafter referred as ‘CRM’), (c) identify the perceived socio-economic and ecological impacts of CRM initiatives, and (d) document the lessons to improve the implementation of fishery policies, programs, and plans for effective CRM initiatives. Using focus group discussion, key informant interview and observation methods, the present investigation depictede that respondents are extremely aware of the CRM interventions under the FishCORAL Project such as presence of markers in marine reserve and fish sanctuary, watch tower, Fishery Law Enforcement Team/bantay dagat operations, and patrol boat. Despite of significant increase in fish stock as observed by the respondents, no positive impact yet was felt by the fisherfolks in terms of fish catch and income. Respondents, however, perceived the importance and future benefits of these interventions in ensuring sustainable fishery and other coastal resources of Ragay Gulf including the other ecosystem services it may offer to the coastal communities.

The study further revealed that illegal fishing and other prohibited economic activities within and nearby the fish sanctuary were curtailed due to the presence of installed buoy markers, established watch tower and seaborne surveillance/ patrol works. The availability of patrol boats and watch tower, which serves as Fishery Law Enforcement Team (FLET) headquarter, coupled with the regular manning or 24/7 monitoring by the FLETconsiderably contributed in minimizing and/or gradual reduction of illegal fishing activities within the municipal waters of Ragay.
Effect of Micronutrients on Growth and Yield of Banana (Musa spp.) Cv. Red Banana
Authors: Arthi L. R. , Shakila Arumugam
Published: May 2023

The investigation on “Effect of micronutrients on growth and yield of banana (Musa spp.) cv. Red Banana (AAA)” was carried out to identify a suitable micronutrient concentration for enhancing the growth and yield of triploid banana cultivar Red Banana. The field experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design in three replications with ten treatments. The treatments comprised of various micronutrient concentrations of NRCB Banana Sakthi applied at different intervals. The growth parameters viz., plant height, pseudostem girth, number of leaves plant-1, leaf area was found to be the highest in the treatment which received 2.0 per cent micronutrients at 45 days interval while the control recorded the least values for growth characters. Application of 2.0 per cent micronutrients at 45 days interval  was most effective in enhancing the bunch and finger characters viz., number of hands bunch-1, number of fingers hand-1, total number of fingers bunch-1, length , girth and weight of the finger and weight of bunch,. It can be concluded that application of 2.0 per cent micronutrients at 45 days interval can be recommended as the best practice for enhancing the growth and yield of Red Banana (AAA).
Effects of Aloe barbadensis and Cymbopogon citratus on Blood Glucose Levels of Alloxan–Induced Diabetic Albino Rats
Authors: Offor V. O. , Ufele A. N. , Ononye B. U. , Aghalu U. C. , Afoemezie P. I. , Azaka E. I. , Chude C. F.
Published: May 2023

Diabetes is a heterogeneous complex metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose concentration, and glycosuria resulting from insulin deficiency. This project was embarked upon to investigate the effects of Aloe barbadensis and Cymbopogon citratus on blood glucose levels of alloxan – induced diabetic adult albino rats. The 24-hour acute toxicity test (LD50) of the orally administered combined Aloe vera and lemon grass ethanolic extract was determined using the Lorke’s method. The fasting blood glucose levels were determined using glucose strips and glucometer. The toxicity test revealed that LD50 of the combined ethanolic extract of C. citratus and A. barbadensis was >5.0g/kg body weight. The result showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in the fasting blood glucose levels of the diabetic untreated animals compared with the fasting blood glucose levels of the normal control animals after inducing diabetes. There was also a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the fasting blood glucose levels of the animals treated with ethanolic extract of Aloe vera gel, lemon grass leaves and its combination when compared with the diabetic untreated. It could be concluded that that Aloe vera, lemon grass or its combination can be used as an alternative medicine for the treatment and management of diabetes mellitus.
Bacteriological Assessment of Critical Areas in Three Selected Units in Jodhpur Dental College General Hospital, Jodhpur Rajasthan, India
Authors: Murjanatu H. S. , Maryam I. R. , Ahmed A. Y. , Saeed S. A. , Anam P. R. , Rogo L. D.
Published: May 2023

The hospital environment plays a crucial role in the chain of infection spread. Thus, there is need to attack the chain of infection at its weakest link as the most effective way in combating and/or preventing nosocomial infections. The study aims to assess the common aerobic pathogenic bacteria in the different departments of Jodhpur National University Dental Hospital and to establish the best disinfectant as well as disinfection procedure. A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted.  Air and surface samples were taken before and after dental procedures from all the three departments within durations of 14 days. Different antiseptics were used so as to compare their effectiveness. Swabs taken from different places were streaked on blood agar plates and incubated at 37oC under aerobic conditions for 24 hours. After incubation, isolates obtained were appropriately identified. After aerobic incubation of the settle plates at 370C for 24hours, the colonies on each plate were counted and recorded as the number of bacteria carrying particles settling over the area of the plate in a given period of time. The level of bacterial contamination of air is usually expressed as the number of bacteria carrying particles per cubic millimeter. A total of 274 surface samples and 97 air samples were collected. Bacteria were isolated in all air samples while only 255 surface samples had growth. The predominant species in all services was Bacillus spp, followed by coagulase negative Staphylococci, Micrococcus luteus, aerobic spore formers and least was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.  The bacteria isolated in the air were similar to those isolated from surfaces. In conclusion, lack of a universal procedure for surveillance of nosocomial infection, presence of pathogenic bacteria, poor hand hygiene and heavy contamination of some important surfaces are the most important problems in our hospitals.
Revisiting the Role of CD63 as Pro‐Tumorigenic or Anti‐Tumorigenic Tetraspanin in Cancers and its Theragnostic Implications
Authors: Dey Saurabh , Basu Soumya , Ranjan Amit
Published: May 2023

Cluster of differentiation antigen 63 (CD63) belongs to a superfamily of proteins, usually defined as tetraspanins which are known to transverse the bilayer membranes four times. The expression of CD63 has been shown to get altered in several cancers, where it has been demonstrated to act as both a tumor promoter and tumor suppressor. The present review describes the mechanism of how CD63 promotes tumor formation in certain cancer types while inhibiting in some other specific cancers. Glycosylation, a post‐translational process plays a significant role in regulating the expression and function of these membrane proteins. Being a crucial exosomal flag protein, CD63 has been found to get involved in endosomal cargo sorting as well as the production of extracellular vesicles. Increased expression of exosomal CD63 derived from advanced tumors has demonstrated its role in promoting metastasis. CD63 also regulates the characteristic and function of stem cells on which they get expressed. This particular tetraspanin has been discovered to participate in gene fusion to perform distinctive roles in certain specific cancer types like breast cancer and pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma. Furthermore, this review mentions twelve different microRNAs obtained from miRDB that might target CD63. A few theragnostic uses of this membrane protein are also discussed. Thereby, the review indicates that further studies on CD63 might prove it to be an effective therapeutic target in different cancers in the coming future.
The Role of Diet and Gut Microbiota Interactions in Metabolic Homeostasis
Authors: Guan Lizhi , Liu Ruixin
Published: May 2023

Diet is a pivotal determinant in shaping the structure and function of resident microorganisms in the gut through different food components, nutritive proportion, and calories. The effects of diet on host metabolism and physiology can be mediated through the gut microbiota. Gut microbiota‐derived metabolites have been shown to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, energy consumption, and the immune system. On the other hand, emerging evidence indicates that baseline gut microbiota could predict the efficacy of diet intervention, highlighting gut microbiota can be harnessed as a biomarker in personalized nutrition. In this review, the alterations of gut microbiota in different dietary components and dietary patterns, and the potential mechanisms in the diet‐microbiota crosstalk are summarized to understand the interactions of diet and gut microbiota on the impact of metabolic homeostasis.
Computational Parametric Analysis of Cellular Solids with the Miura‐Ori Metamaterial Geometry under Quasistatic Compressive Loads
Authors: Chen Yao , Ye Wangjie , Shi Pan , He Ruoqi , Liang Jinbing , Feng Jian , Sareh Pooya
Published: May 2023

Origami‐based metamaterials have widespread application prospects in various industries including aerospace, automotive, flexible electronics, and civil engineering structures. Among the wide range of origami patterns, the fourfold tessellation known as Miura‐ori is of particular attraction to engineers and designers. More specifically, researchers have proposed different 3D structures and metamaterials based on the geometric characteristics of this classic origami pattern. Herein, a computational modeling approach for the design and evaluation of 3D cellular solids with the Miura‐ori metamaterial geometry which can be of zero or nonzero thicknesses is presented. To this end, first, a range of design alternatives generated based on a numerical parametric model is designed. Next, their mechanical properties and failure behavior under quasistatic axial compressive loads along three perpendicular directions are analyzed. Then, the effects of various geometric parameters on their energy absorption behavior under compression in the most appropriate direction are investigated. The findings of this study provide a basis for future experimental investigations and the potential application of such cellular solids for energy‐absorbing purposes.
Low‐Cycle‐Fatigue Performance of Stress‐Aged EN AW‐7075 Alloy
Authors: Sajadifar Seyed Vahid , Krooß Philipp , Krochmal Marcel , Wegener Thomas , Heidarzadeh Akbar , Fröck Hannes , Zavašnik Janez , Kessler Olaf , Niendorf Thomas
Published: May 2023

The effect of a novel heat treatment, that is, aging under superimposed external stress, on the fatigue performance and microstructural evolution of a high‐strength aluminum alloy (EN AW‐7075) is presented. Stress aging, a combination of heat treatment and superimposed external stress, can enhance the mechanical properties of EN AW‐7075 under monotonic loading due to the acceleration of precipitation kinetics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) reveal that a longer aging time and the presence of superimposed stress both promote the formation and growth of precipitates, that is, the precipitation of strengthening η´ precipitates. This is confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) heating experiments of stressless and stress‐aged states. Furthermore, stress aging leads to a reduction of dimensions of precipitate‐free zones near grain boundaries. Cyclic deformation responses (CDRs) and half‐life hysteresis loops are evaluated focusing on the low‐cycle fatigue (LCF) performance of different conditions. A noticeable cyclic hardening seen in case of the specimens aged for a short time indicates the occurrence of dynamic strain aging (DSA). Eventually, stress aging allows for an enhancement of the monotonic mechanical properties of EN AW‐7075 without degrading the cyclic performance in the LCF regime.
Tailoring 3D Printed Micro‐Structured Carbons for Adsorption
Authors: Scott Stuart , Chew John , Barnard Jonathan , Burrows Andrew , Smith Martin , Tennison Steven , Perera Semali
Published: May 2023

The manufacture of tailored carbon‐based adsorbent structures with exceptionally low‐pressure drops and improved kinetics using stereolithographic 3D printing is presented. Adsorbent structures are printed from commercial resins with square, circular, and hexagonal cross‐sectional microchannels. These structures can reduce energy use by 50–95% compared to conventional carbon‐packed beds. The activated 3D printed carbon achieves Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface areas over 1000 m2 g−1 and shows outstanding butane adsorption capacities, over twice the capacity of a commercial carbon and a comparable capacity to phenolic‐based carbons. The structures also show excellent uptakes of cyclohexane, up to 0.62 g g−1 in a saturated feed. The introduction of complex axial geometries including spirals and chevrons enable superior adsorption kinetics and premature breakthrough of contaminants at high gas flow rates. These results demonstrate the success of intelligent manufacturing of low‐pressure drop, high‐capacity micro‐structured adsorbents, allowing for the development of gas separation technologies for applications such as greenhouse gas removal and respiratory protection.
Stimuli‐Responsive Peptide Self‐Assembly to Construct Hydrogels with Actuation and Shape Memory Behaviors
Authors: Xiang Yanxin , Liu Can , Ma Shinan , Wang Xiaoting , Zhu Linyong , Bao Chunyan
Published: May 2023

Hydrogel actuators, capable of generating reversible deformation in response to external stimulus, are widely considered as new emerging intelligent materials for applications in soft robots, smart sensors, artificial muscles, and so on. Peptide self‐assembly is widely applied in the construction of intelligent hydrogel materials due to their excellent stimulus response. However, hydrogel actuators based on peptide self‐assembly are rarely reported and explored. In this study, a pH‐responsive peptide (MA‐FIID) is designed and introduced into a poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) backbone (PNIPAM) to construct bilayer and heterogeneous hydrogel actuators based on the assembly and disassembly of peptide molecules under different pH conditions. These peptide‐containing hydrogel actuators can perform controllable bending, bucking, and complex deformation under pH stimulation. Meanwhile, the Hofmeister effect of PNIPAM hydrogels endows these peptide‐containing hydrogels with enhanced mechanical strength, ionic stimulus response (CaCl2), and excellent shape‐memory property. This work broadens the application of supramolecular self‐assembly in the construction of intelligent hydrogels, and also provides new inspirations for peptide self‐assembly to construct smart materials.
Resistive Switching and Current Conduction Mechanisms in Hexagonal Boron Nitride Threshold Memristors with Nickel Electrodes
Authors: Völkel Lukas , Braun Dennis , Belete Melkamu , Kataria Satender , Wahlbrink Thorsten , Ran Ke , Kistermann Kevin , Mayer Joachim , Menzel Stephan , Daus Alwin , Lemme Max C.
Published: May 2023

The 2D insulating material hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) has attracted much attention as the active medium in memristive devices due to its favorable physical properties, among others, a wide bandgap that enables a large switching window. Metal filament formation is frequently suggested for h‐BN devices as the resistive switching (RS) mechanism, usually supported by highly specialized methods like conductive atomic force microscopy (C‐AFM) or transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Here, the switching of multilayer hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) threshold memristors with two nickel (Ni) electrodes is investigated through their current conduction mechanisms. Both the high and the low resistance states are analyzed through temperature‐dependent current–voltage measurements. The formation and retraction of nickel filaments along boron defects in the h‐BN film as the resistive switching mechanism is proposed. The electrical data are corroborated with TEM analyses to establish temperature‐dependent current–voltage measurements as a valuable tool for the analysis of resistive switching phenomena in memristors made of 2D materials. The memristors exhibit a wide and tunable current operation range and low stand‐by currents, in line with the state of the art in h‐BN‐based threshold switches, a low cycle‐to‐cycle variability of 5%, and a large On/Off ratio of 107.
Strain Retarding in Multilayered Hierarchical Sn‐Doped Sb Nanoarray for Durable Sodium Storage
Authors: Li Xinyan , Zhang Xin , Niu Xiaobin , Zhang Jing , Wu Rui , Chen Jun Song , Yu Yan
Published: May 2023

Antimony (Sb) is a potential electrode material for sodium (Na) storage due to its high theoretical capacity of 660 mAh g−1. Yet, the alloy/dealloy reaction between Na and Sb induces detrimental structural strain that inevitably leads to electrode failure, further resulting in deteriorated rate performance and cycle life. Herein, inspired by the multilayered structure of the pine trees, 3D hierarchical multilayered tin (Sn)‐doped Sb nanoarray coated with a thin carbon (C) layer (Sb(Sn)@C) is developed. Density functional theory calculation results suggest that Sb(Sn)@C offers better kinetic properties for Na diffusion, and lower volume expansion upon sodium intercalation as compared to the counterparts without Sn dopant or carbon coating. Moreover, the simulation results based on finite element analysis suggest that the unique hierarchical multilayered construction not only provides highly efficient Na+ utilization, but also builds a uniform von Mises stress distribution that effectively confines structural strain induced during Na+ insertion. This is also verified by nanoindentation measurement that Sb(Sn)@C shows higher elastic modulus and hardness than Sb(Sn) and pure Sb, indicating best mechanical stability. As expected, Sb(Sn)@C achieves excellent electrochemical capability for sodium storage with high reversible capacity, enhanced cyclability, and remarkable rate performance.
A Conductive 2D Conjugated Tetrathia[8]circulene‐Based Nickel Metal–Organic Framework for Energy Storage
Authors: Chang Zixin , Zhu Mengsu , Sun Yong , He Feng , Li Yang , Ye Chunhui , Jin Yigang , Li Ze , Xu Wei
Published: May 2023

Herein, a novel D4 symmetrical redox‐active ligand tetrathia[8]circulene‐2,3,5,6,8,9,11,12‐octaol (8OH‐TTC) is designed and synthesized, which coordinates with Ni2+ ions to construct a 2D conductive metal‐organic framework (2D c‐MOF) named Ni‐TTC. Ni‐TTC exhibits typical semiconducting properties with electrical conductivity up to ≈1.0 S m−1 at 298 K. Furthermore, magnetism measurements show the paramagnetic property of Ni‐TTC with strong antiferromagnetic coupling due to the presence of semiquinone ligand radicals and Ni2+ sites. In virtue of its decent electrical conductivity and good redox activity, the gravimetric capacitance of Ni‐TTC is up to 249 F g−1 at a discharge rate of 0.2 A g−1, which demonstrates the potential of tetrathia[8]circulene‐based redox‐active 2D c‐MOFs in energy storage applications.
Zwitterion Functionalized Graphene Oxide/Polyacrylamide/Polyacrylic Acid Hydrogels with Photothermal Conversion and Antibacterial Properties for Highly Efficient Uranium Extraction from Seawater
Authors: Li Hui , Sun Jian , Qin Shiliang , Song Yucheng , Liu Zhong , Yang Peipei , Li Songwei , Liu Chuntai , Shen Changyu
Published: May 2023

In this study, graphene oxide (GO) and polyacrylamide/polyacrylic acid (PAM/PAA) are used to prepare hydrogels with photothermal conversion properties for highly efficient uranium extraction from seawater. Zwitterionic 2‐methacryloyloxy ethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) is introduced in the PAM/PAA/GO hydrogel to obtain PAM/PAA/GO/MPC (PAGM), exhibiting good antibacterial properties. PAGM demonstrates efficient and specific adsorption of uranium (VI) (U(VI)). Under light conditions, the adsorption capacity of PAGM reaches 196.12 mg g−1 (pH = 8, t = 600 min, C0 = 99.8 mg L−1, m/v = 0.5 g L−1). The adsorption capacity is only 160.29 mg g−1 under dark conditions (pH = 8, t = 600 min, C0 = 99.8 mg L−1, m/v = 0.5 g L−1). The adsorption capacity of light is 22.5% higher than that of dark. The adsorption process is fitted using the Langmuir and pseudo‐second‐order models. Furthermore, PAGM exhibits good repeatability and stability after five adsorption–desorption cycles. PAGM exhibits a U(VI) adsorption capacity of 6.1 mg g−1 after storage for one month in natural seawater. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results demonstrate that the coordination of the amino, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups with U(VI) is the primary mechanism of U(VI) adsorption. The mechanism is confirmed through detailed density functional theory calculations. PAGM demonstrates durability, high efficiency, photothermal conversion properties, and antibacterial properties. Thus, it is a promising candidate for uranium extraction from seawater.
Highly Stretchable and Flexible Electrospinning‐Based Biofuel Cell for Implantable Electronic
Authors: Guan Shoujie , Wang Jingxi , Yang Yang , Zhu Xun , Zhou Jianping , Ye Dingding , Chen Rong , Dai Hongwei , Liao Qiang
Published: May 2023

With the emerging demand of implantable microelectronics, it essentially requires the fully integrated and reliable power supplies. The study reports a stretchable and flexible electrospinning‐based glucose/O2 biofuel cell with glucose oxidase bioanode, Pt/C cathode and thermoplastic polyurethane substrate, which is capable for adapting to the various stresses and strains caused by individual movement. The rigid benzene rings and elastic chain segments of thermoplastic polyurethane ensure its superior tensile property. Furthermore, the stable covalent connections between the activated carbon nanotubes (CNTs‐COOH) and glucose oxidase inside 3D thermoplastic polyurethane network are established by amide reaction to ensure the rapid direct electron transfer of bioanode and stable power output of device in flexible environments. The biofuel cell exhibits an open circuit voltage of 0.575 V, and high‐power density of 57 µW cm−2 in 5 mM glucose. Moreover, the power‐generation properties of implantable biofuel cell keep steady, and its power density exhibits limited fluctuations on the dorsum of rat when bending, stretching, and twisting in 28 days. There is no obvious local inflammation or systemic abnormalities in rats. It satisfies the impressive biocompatible requirement, demonstrating the promising potential of electrospinning‐based biofuel cell as a robust self‐sustained power source for implantable electronics.
Super Flexible and High Mobility Inorganic/Organic Composite Semiconductors for Printed Electronics on Polymer Substrates
Authors: Divya Mitta , Cherukupally Nikhil , Gogoi Sanat Kumar , Pradhan Jyoti Ranjan , Mondal Sandeep Kumar , Jain Manish , Senyshyn Anatoliy , Dasgupta Subho
Published: May 2023

In solution‐processed flexible electronics, it is challenging to obtain superior electrical and mechanical performance simultaneously. Attempts have been made to fabricate polymer doped oxide thin film transistors (TFTs), where, polymer doping frustrates the crystal structure of the parent oxide and causes amorphization. However, it also degrades the device mobility rapidly, thereby, limiting the allowable polymer content to only small values, which may not be sufficient for decisive enhancement in mechanical performance. In contrast, here an approach is proposed, where a set of water‐insoluble and chemically inert polymers are chosen to form inorganic/organic composite semiconductors. Herein, these selected polymers oppose a large degree of intermixing with the parent oxide lattice at the atomic scale, promote its crystallization, and help to maintain the electrical properties of the oxide semiconductors intact, even when they're in near‐equal amounts. Consequently, unaltered linear mobility of 40–45 cm2 V−1 s−1 can be obtained in In2O3‐based inorganic/organic composite semiconductor TFTs with a near‐equal weight of polymeric additives. Owing to the large polymer content, the TFTs are found to survive rigorous bending fatigue tests down to 1.5 mm bending radius without any deterioration in their electrical performance and without the formation of micro‐cracks in the composite semiconductor material.
Theoretical Prediction‐Assisted Synthesis and Characterization of Infrared Nonlinear Optical Material NaSrBS3
Authors: Yun Yihan , Wu Mengfan , Xie Congwei , Yang Zhihua , Li Guangmao , Pan Shilie
Published: May 2023

NaSrBS3, the first noncentrosymmetric alkali and alkaline earth metal mixed thioborate with the isolated [BS3] as the building units, has been synthesized successfully under the guidance of theoretical prediction. Comprehensive characterizations reveal that NaSrBS3 exhibits wide bandgap (3.94 eV), large birefringence (0.185 at 1064 nm), a high laser‐induced damage threshold (9 × AGS), and a suitable phase‐matching second‐harmonic generation (SHG) response (0.3 × AGS). Structure‐properties analyses illustrate that the [BS3] units determine the bandgap and contribute the most to the birefringence and SHG response. This work is the first successful case of “prediction to synthesis” involving infrared (IR) nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals in the thioborate system and provides an avenue to SHG materials design.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Stereospecific S‐Glycosylation by Allylic Substitution
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Cao Zhen , Wang Nengzhong , Liu Mingguo , Zhou Haifeng , Wang Long , Huang Nianyu , Yao Hui
Published: May 2023

S‐Glycosides are considerably more stable toward chemical degradation and enzymatic hydrolysis than O‐glycosides, and thioglyco‐peptides/proteins also demonstrate critical bioactivities in the living system. However, the general and stereoselective synthetic strategies are still challenging. Herein, a versatile S‐glycosylation approach was developed by palladium‐catalyzed allylic substitution to form α‐ and β‐thioglycosides respectively under mild conditions. A wide range of substrates were tolerated to afford thioglycosides in a stereospecific manner with 70%–86% yields. This protocol also created the quick access to various S‐linked disaccharides and glycopeptides.

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HFIP & Brønsted Acid Promoted Direct Distal C‐Alkylation of 2‐Oxindoles and Anilines with Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes
Authors: Raj Singh Prasoon , Lamba Manisha , Singh Divyasha , Goswami Avijit
Published: May 2023

Installation of an alkyl chain at a specified position in the aromatic ring via metal‐free catalysis is very important. In this regard, we have developed a facile metal‐free, extremely selective, user‐friendly, environmentally benign and cost‐effective Friedel‐Crafts (FC) alkylation protocol for 2‐oxindoles and anilines with donor‐acceptor cyclopropanes. Real‐time NMR studies reveal that the transformation is governed by the cooperative catalysis of Brønsted acid (TfOH) and HFIP, which facilitates the nucleophilic attack on donor‐acceptor cyclopropanes from 2‐oxindoles and anilines.

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Synthesis of Cyclopenta[b]indoles via Rhodium‐Catalyzed Cascade Migration‐Annulation of 1‐Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles and Indoles
Authors: Xu Huaping , Wang Heng , Xu Ze‐Feng , Duan Shengguo , Li Chuan‐Ying
Published: May 2023

A rhodium‐catalyzed cascade 1,3‐sulfinate migration, intermolecular [3+2] annulation of 1‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles and indoles was achieved. The one‐pot protocol provided a method to construct cyclopenta[b]indoles bearing four stereocenters in 45% to 99% yields with 1.6:1 to >20:1 diastereoselectivities. In addition, cyclopenta[b]indoles could be transformed into a variety of functionalized compounds, demonstrating the synthetic value of this migration‐annulation strategy in ring system synthesis.

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Self‐Driven Fast‐Speed Photodetector Based on BP/ReS2 van der Waals Heterodiode
Authors: Ding Jingzu , Wang Xiaoqing , Song Ze , Wang Suofu , Lu Yuan , Wang Wenhui , Han Tao , Li Feng , Zhu Xiangde , Shan Lei , Long Mingsheng
Published: May 2023

Broadband photodetectors based on 2D layered materials provide great potential applications in night vision, sensing, and communications. However, it remains a challenge for detectors to achieve both high photoresponsivity and fast response. Here, a high‐sensitive photodetector based on ReS2/BP van der Waals (vdW) heterodiode with fast speed, rising time (τr) of 770 ns, and decay time (τd) of 760 ns under a 637 nm laser is reported. The detection range is covered from visible to mid‐wave infrared (MWIR) 0.405–3.753 μm. In the visible range, a high photoresponsivity of 107.1 AW−1, competitive specific detectivity (D*) of 1.89 × 1010 cm Hz1/2 W−1, and a low noise equivalent power of 3.03 × 10−14 W Hz−1/2 are obtained. In the MWIR the D* of 3.26 × 108 cm Hz1/2 W−1 is demonstrated in the photovoltaic model. Notably, the photodiode realizes a high external quantum efficiency of 71.8%, and a high power conversion efficiency of 2.0%. This work provides a way to design broadband response and fast‐speed self‐driven photodetectors with great potential applications in weak light intensity.