bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arthroscopic washout of the shoulder for septic arthritis in infants
Authors: Forward D. P. , Hunter J. B.
Published: February 2018

The operative treatment of septic arthritis of the shoulder in infants has been facilitated by the use of a 30° wrist arthroscope. We have treated three children under the age of three years using this technique. After initial aspiration of the joint, an arthroscope was inserted using the posterior approach. Washout was performed under direct vision and complete clearance of pus allowed assessment of the inflammation and the damage to articular cartilage. The procedure was minimally invasive and gave excellent cosmesis without compromising care. Full recovery was achieved with a single intervention.
The influence of surface roughness on stem-cement gaps
Authors: Race A. , Miller M. A. , Ayers D. C. , Cleary R. J. , Mann K. A.
Published: February 2018

We have compared the interface morphology at the stem-cement interface of standard Charnley stems with a satin finish (Ra = 0.75 μm) with identical stems which had been grit-blasted over their proximal third (Ra = 5.3 μm) to promote a proximal bond. The stems were cemented into cadaver femora using conventional contemporary cementing techniques. After transverse sectioning, we determined the percentage of the perimeter of the stem which had a gap at the interface.

There were substantial gaps (mean 31.4 ± 17.1%) at the stem-cement interface in the grit-blasted region. This fraction was significantly (paired t-test, p = 0.0054) higher than that found around the contralateral satin-finished stems (mean 7.7 ± 11.7%). Although studies of isolated metal-cement interfaces have shown that the bond strength can increase with surface roughness it cannot be assumed that this effect will be observed under clinical conditions.
The relationship between the strength of supination of the forearm and rotation of the shoulder
Authors: Savva N. , McAllen C. J. P. , Giddins G. E. B.
Published: February 2018

In children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) who develop an internal rotation deformity of the shoulder, release of subscapularis improves the range of external rotation of the shoulder and the strength of supination of the forearm. We studied the strength of supination in 35 healthy adult volunteers at 45° of both internal and external rotation.

The mean and maximum torques were greater in external than internal rotation by 8.7% and 7.5%, respectively. This was highly significant (p < 0.0001).

The increased strength of supination in external rotation is probably because the maximum power of biceps, particularly the long head, may be exerted in this position. In children the difference may be even greater due to anatomical differences causing the dramatic increases in the strength of supination after surgery for OBPP.

In adults our findings suggest that the supination exercises which are undertaken after injury or surgery to the forearm or wrist should be performed in external rotation.
Influence of peg design and cement mantle thickness on pull-out strength of glenoid component pegs
Authors: Nyffeler R. W. , Anglin C. , Sheikh R. , Gerber C.
Published: February 2018

Fixation of the glenoid component is critical to the outcome of total shoulder arthroplasty. In an in vitro study, we analysed the effect of surface design and thickness of the cement mantle on the pull-out strength of the polyethylene pegs which are considered essential for fixation of cemented glenoid components. The macrostructure and surface of the pegs and the thickness of the cement mantle were studied in human glenoid bone. The lowest pull-out forces, 20 ± 5 N, were for cylindrical pegs with a smooth surface fixed in the glenoid with a thin cement mantle. The highest values, 425 ± 7 N, were for threaded pegs fixed with a thicker cement mantle. Increasing the diameter of the hole into which the peg is inserted from 5.2 to 6.2 mm thereby increasing the thickness of the cement mantle, improved the mean pull-out force for the pegs tested.
PENCIL-CORE GRANULOMA OF THE DISTAL RADIO-ULNAR JOINT: AN UNUSUAL PRESENTATION AS SOFT-TISSUE SARCOMA AFTER 45 YEARS
Authors: Kulkarni A. , Mangham D. C. , Davies A M. , Grimer R. J. , Carter S. R. , Tillman R. M.
Published: February 2018

A case of pencil-gore granuloma occurring 45 years after the initial injury is described. The clinical and radiological presentation was suggestive of a soft-tissue sarcoma. The diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy, which also revealed foreign body fragments which, on spectometric analysis, had high concentrations of carbon and aluminium.
HISTOPLASMOSIS AS THE CAUSE OF A PATHOLOGICAL FRACTURE
Authors: Quraishi N. A. , Davidson R. N. , Steele N. , Grand F.
Published: February 2018

We report the case of an 82-year-old man with a pathological fracture of the hip caused by infection with Histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum. He was treated by a hemiarthroplasty and with oral itraconazole.
Cementless total hip arthroplasty in patients older than 80 years of age
Authors: Pieringer H. , Labek G. , Auersperg V. , Böhler N.
Published: February 2018

We reviewed 80 patients (87 hips) who were older than 80 years of age at the time of cementless total hip arthroplasty. An Alloclassic SL stem had been implanted in all patients. A variety of cementless acetabular components was used. After a mean follow-up of 69.3 months (39.2 to 94.1) 48 hips in 43 patients were analysed clinically and radiologically. One patient had sustained a traumatic periprosthetic fracture of the femur with subsequent exchange of the stem 73 months after operation. Thirty-two patients (34 hips) had died and five patients (five hips) were unavailable for follow-up because of health reasons (four patients) or lack of co-operation (one patient). If the endpoint is defined as removal of the prosthesis because of aseptic loosening, the survival rate was 100% for the cup and stem after 78 months. The mean Harris hip score was 81.9 points. Radiolucent lines and osteolysis were seldom found.
Cement particles containing radio-opacifiers stimulate pro-osteolytic cytokine production from a human monocytic cell line
Authors: Shardlow D. L. , Stone M. H. , Ingham E. , Fisher J.
Published: February 2018

Proponents of the biological theory of aseptic loosening have in recent years tended to concentrate on the production and distribution of particulate ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) debris around the potential joint space. However, mechanical loading of cemented implants with the differing elastic moduli of metal stems, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement and bone can result in relative micromotion, implying the potential for production of metal and PMMA particles from the stem-cement interface by fretting wear.

In order to investigate the production and biological reactivity of debris from this interface, PMMA and metal particulate debris was produced by sliding wear of PMMA pins containing barium sulphate and zirconium dioxide against a Vaquasheened stainless steel counterface. This debris was characterised by SEM, energy-dispersive analysis by X-ray (EDAX) and image analysis, then added to cell cultures of a human monocytic cell line, U937, and stimulation of pro-osteolytic cytokines measured by ELISA.

Large quantities of PMMA cement debris were generated by the sliding wear of PMMA pins against Vaquasheened stainless steel plates in the method developed for this study. Both cements stimulated the release of pro-osteolytic TNFα from the U937 monocytic cell line, in a dose-dependent fashion. There was a trend towards greater TNFα release with Palacos cement than CMW cement at the same dose. Palacos particles also caused significant release of IL-6, another pro-osteolytic cytokine, while CMW did not. The particulate cement debris produced did not stimulate the release of GM-CSF or IL1β from the U937 cells. These results may explain the cytokine pathway responsible for bone resorption caused by particulate PMMA debris.

Radio-opaque additives are of value in surgical practice and clinical studies to quantify the relevance of these in vitro findings are required before the use of cement containing radio-opacifier is constrained.
Long-term results of patellofemoral arthroplasty
Authors: Kooijman H. J. , Driessen A. P. P. M. , van Horn J. R
Published: February 2018

We studied retrospectively the outcome of patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) using the Richards prosthesis in 51 patients (56 knees). Their mean age was 50 years (30 to 77). In 43 patients (45 knees), the American Knee Society score and the patients’ subjective judgement were assessed. Excellent or good results were obtained in 86% of cases at a mean follow-up of 17 years (15 to 21).

Because of ongoing tibiofemoral osteoarthritis, two patients required a high tibial osteotomy and ten PFAs were converted to a total knee arthroplasty after a mean of 15.6 years (10 to 21). The PFAs were stable during follow-up with a loosening rate of only 2%.

We conclude that a patellofemoral prosthesis is a good treatment option with successful long-term results in middle-aged patients with radiologically documented, isolated, patellofemoral osteoarthritis.
Case report
Authors: King R. J. , Laugharne D. , Kerslake R. W. , Holdsworth B. J.
Published: February 2018

Pyomyositis of the obturator muscles is a rare condition, characterised by pain in the hip and features of systemic infection. It may follow minor trauma to the hip, sometimes in the presence of an apparently innocuous infective source. All previously reported cases have been diagnosed conclusively on the initial CT or MR scan. We present a case of obturator pyomyositis in a 21-year-old football player in which the first MR scan was misleading. A radiolabelled, white blood cell scan was also negative and the resultant delay in diagnosis proved dangerous. The crucial importance of careful and repeated clinical examination is emphasised.
A MALIGNANT PERIPHERAL NERVE-SHEATH TUMOUR RESPONDING TO CHEMOTHERAPY
Authors: Masui F. , Yokoyama R. , Soshi S. , Beppu Y. , Asanuma K. , Fujii K.
Published: February 2018

Amalignant peripheral nerve-sheath tumour developed in the right S1 nerve root in a man aged 30 causing back pain and sciatica. CT and MRI revealed a destructive tumour of the sacrum invading the retroperitoneal space. The tumour was not resectable with an adequate margin. Chemotherapy, consisting of high-dose ifosfamide followed by a combination of vincristine, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, was given with success. Malignant peripheral nerve-sheath tumours are thought to respond weakly to chemotherapy, but the response in our patient was complete.
Treatment of recurrence of symptoms after excision of an interdigital neuroma
Authors: Stamatis E. D. , Myerson M. S.
Published: February 2018

During a six-year period (January 1996 to January 2002 ), we re-explored 60 interspaces (49 patients, 49 feet) for recurrence or persistent symptoms after one or more previous procedures for excision of an interdigital neuroma. Ten patients underwent concomitant excision of a primary neuroma from an adjacent interspace, and 19 underwent concomitant forefoot surgery. The mean follow-up was 39.7 months (6 to 79). Evaluation included review of records and radiographs, clinical assessment, and a questionnaire regarding satisfaction, pain, restriction of footwear and activity. In total, 15 patients (30.7%) were completely satisfied, 13 (26.5%) were satisfied with minor reservations, ten (20.4%) were satisfied with major reservations and 11 (22.4%) were dissatisfied with the outcome. Of the 49 patients, 28 (57.2%) had no or mild pain, 29 (59.2%) had moderate or severe restriction of footwear and eight (16.3%) had moderate restriction of activity.

Intra-operative findings, simultaneous surgery to adjacent interspaces, concomitant forefoot surgery and previous re-explorations did not significantly influence the outcome. Persistent or recurrent symptoms after transection of a nerve present a challenging problem for both the surgeon and patient. It is essential that there is a thorough pre-operative discussion with the patient, providing the rates of failure and the increased likelihood of restriction of footwear and activity after revision surgery.
Experimental posterolateral spinal fusion with porous ceramics and mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Cinotti G. , Patti A. M , Vulcano A. , Rocca C. Della , Polveroni G. , Giannicola G. , Postacchini F.
Published: February 2018

Aternatives to autogenous bone graft for spinal fusion have been investigated for many years. It has been shown that osteoconductive materials alone do not give a rate of fusion which is comparable to that of autogenous bone graft. We analysed the effectiveness of porous ceramic loaded with cultured mesenchymal stem cells as a new graft material for spinal fusion in an animal model.

Posterolateral fusion was carried out at the L4/L5 level in 40 White New Zealand rabbits using one of the following graft materials: porous ceramic granules plus cultured mesenchymal stem cells (group I); ceramic granules plus fresh autogenous bone marrow (group II); ceramic granules alone (group III); and autogenous bone graft (group IV). The animals were killed eight weeks after surgery and the spines were evaluated radiographically, by a manual palpation test and by histological analysis.

The rate of fusion was significantly higher in group I compared with group III and higher, but not significantly, in group I compared with groups II and IV. In group I histological analysis showed newly formed bone in contact with the implanted granules and highly cellular bone marrow between the newly formed trabecular bone. In group II, thin trabeculae of newly formed bone were present in the peripheral portion of the fusion mass. In group III, there was a reduced mount of newly formed bone and abundant fibrous tissue. In group IV, there were thin trabeculae of newly formed bone close to the decorticated transverse processes and dead trabecular bone in the central portion of the fusion mass.

In vitro cultured mesenchymal stem cells may be loaded into porous ceramic to make a graft material for spinal fusion which appears to be more effective than porous ceramic alone. Further studies are needed to investigate the medium- to long-term results of this procedure, its feasibility in the clinical setting and the most appropriate carrier for mesenchymal stem cells.
Pain in the well-fixed, aseptic titanium hip replacement
Authors: Hallam P. , Haddad F. , Cobb J.
Published: February 2018

We have investigated nine patients with cemented Furlong (JRI, London, UK) titanium hip replacements who presented with early pain despite a well-fixed, aseptic prosthesis. All were followed up clinically and radiologically at regular intervals. Pain was located in the thigh and was worse at night. Radiographs showed cortical hypertrophy of the femur around the tip of the stem. Eight of the nine patients subsequently required single-stage revision using an uncemented prosthesis, which relieved the pain. At revision, the pH of the tip of the stem was found to be highly acidic with macroscopic evidence of corrosion consisting of multiple layers of titanium oxides when studied by X-ray dispersive analysis. Cemented titanium implants have a potential for crevice corrosion leading to cortical hypertrophy and intractable pain.
Functional recovery in patients with nonunion treated with the Ilizarov technique
Authors: Barker K. L. , Lamb S. E. , Simpson A. H. R. W.
Published: February 2018

There are few reports on function after limb salvage surgery using the Ilizarov technique, and none that document the pattern of recovery or predict when maximum function returns. This prospective, longitudinal study documents the baseline functional abilities of 40 consecutive patients with nonunion of a fracture in the lower limb. Patients were studied for at least two and a half years following the completion of surgery. Function was measured by timed tests of functional performance and by the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score self-reported patient questionnaire.

Recovery was slowest in the early stages after removal of the frame and greatest between six months and one year. Statistically significant improvement continued up to, but not beyond two years. This observation has important implications for the length of follow-up incorporated into the rehabilitation programmes for patients, predictions of patient status in regard to compensation and for the design of future studies to evaluate functional outcome.
Changes in bone mineral density in the proximal femur after cementless total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Brodner W. , Bitzan P. , Lomoschitz F. , Krepler P. , Jankovsky R. , Lehr S. , Kainberger F. , Gottsauner-Wolf F.
Published: February 2018

We investigated prospectively the bone mineral density (BMD) of the proximal femur after implantation of a tapered rectangular cementless stem in 100 patients with a mean age of 60 years (16 to 87). It was determined using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, performed one week after surgery and then every six months until the end-point of five years.

The BMD increased significantly in Gruen zones 2, 4 and 5 by 11%, 3% and 11% respectively, and decreased significantly in Gruen zones 1, 6 and 7 by 3%, 6% and 14% respectively, over the five-year period. The net mean BMD did not change over this time period. The changes in the BMD were not confined to the first 12 months after surgery. This investigation revealed no change in the overall periprosthetic BMD, but demonstrated a regional redistribution of bone mass from the proximal to distal zones.
Energy expenditure during walking in amputees after disarticulation of the hip
Authors: Chin T. , Sawamura S. , Shiba R. , Oyabu H. , Nagakura Y. , Nakagawa A.
Published: February 2018

We have compared the energy expenditure during walking in three patients, aged between 51 and 55 years, with unilateral disarticulation of the hip when using the mechanical-controlled stance-phase control knee (Otto Bock 3R15) and the microprocessor-controlled pneumatic swing-phase control knee (Intelligent Prosthesis, IP). All had an endoskeletal hip disarticulation prosthesis with an Otto Bock 7E7 hip and a single-axis foot. The energy expenditure was measured when walking at speeds of 30, 50, and 70 m/min.

Two patients showed a decreased uptake of oxygen (energy expenditure per unit time, ml/kg/min) of between 10.3% and 39.6% when using the IP compared with the Otto Bock 3R15 at the same speeds. One did not show any significant difference in the uptake of oxygen at 30 m/min, but at 50 and 70 m/min, a decrease in uptake of between 10.5% and 11.6% was found when using the IP. The use of the IP decreased the energy expenditure of walking in these patients.
Assessing the dog as a model for human total hip replacement
Authors: Skurla C. P. , Pluhar G. E. , Frankel D. J. , Egger E. L. , James S. P.
Published: February 2018

Post-mortem retrieval of canine, cemented femoral components was analysed to assess the performance of these implants in the dog as a model for human total hip replacement (THR). Mechanical testing and radiological analysis were performed to determine the stability of the implant and the quality of the cement. Thirty-eight implants from 29 dogs were retrieved after time intervals ranging from 0.67 to 11.67 years. The incidence of aseptic loosening was 63.2%, much higher than in human patients (6% in post-mortem studies). Failure of the femoral implants began with debonding at the cement-metal interface, similar to that in implants in man. The incidence of aseptic loosening was much lower in bilateral than in unilateral implants. Significant differences were observed for three different designs of implant. While the dog remains the animal model of choice for THR, results from this study provide insight into interspecies differences in the performance of implants. For example, the performance of THR in dogs should be compared with that in young rather than in elderly human patients.
Tensile strength of the medial patellofemoral ligament before and after repair or reconstruction
Authors: Mountney J. , Senavongse W. , Amis A. A. , Thomas N. P.
Published: February 2018

The tensile strength of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL), and of surgical procedures which reconstitute it, are unknown. Ten fresh cadaver knees were prepared by isolating the patella, leaving only the MPFL as its attachment to the medial femoral condyle. The MPFL was either repaired by using a Kessler suture or reconstructed using either bone anchors or one of two tendon grafting techniques. The tensile strength and the displacement to peak force of the MPFL were then measured using an Instron materials-testing machine.

The MPFL was found to have a mean tensile strength of 208 N (SD 90) at 26 mm (SD 7) of displacement. The strengths of the other techniques were: sutures alone, 37 N (SD 27); bone anchors plus sutures, 142 N (SD 39); blind-tunnel tendon graft, 126 N (SD 21); and through-tunnel tendon graft, 195 N (SD 66). The last was not significantly weaker than the MPFL itself.
The pathogenesis of discogenic low back pain
Authors: Peng B. , Wu W. , Hou S. , Li P. , Zhang C. , Yang Y.
Published: February 2018

Discogenic low back pain is a common cause of disability, but its pathogenesis is poorly understood. We collected 19 specimens of lumbar intervertebral discs from 17 patients with discogenic low back pain during posterior lumbar interbody fusion, 12 from physiologically ageing discs and ten from normal control discs. We investigated the histological features and assessed the immunoreactive activity of neurofilament (NF200) and neuropeptides such as substance P (SP) and vasoactive-intestinal peptide (VIP) in the nerve fibres.

The distinct histological characteristic of the painful disc was the formation of a zone of vascularised granulation tissue from the nucleus pulposus to the outer part of the annulus fibrosus along the edges of the fissures. SP-, NF- and VIP-immunoreactive nerve fibres in the painful discs were more extensive than in the control discs. Growth of nerves deep into the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus was observed mainly along the zone of granulation tissue in the painful discs. This suggests that the zone of granulation tissue with extensive innervation along the tears in the posterior part of the painful disc may be responsible for causing the pain of discography and of discogenic low back pain.
Evaluation of the flexion gap by axial radiography of the distal femur
Authors: Tokuhara Y. , Kadoya Y. , Kanekasu K. , Kondo M. , Kobayashi A. , Takaoka K.
Published: February 2018

The shape of the flexion gap in 20 normal knees was evaluated by axial radiography of the distal femur, and the results compared with those obtained in a previous study by MRI. The observed asymmetry was reduced by 29% using radiography, with a mean value of 3.6° (1.5° to 6.3°) compared with that obtained by MRI of 5.1° (2.6° to 9.5°), a mean discrepancy of 1.49°. The results obtained by radiography and MRI showed a strong correlation (r = 0.78).

Axial radiography is acceptable for the evaluation of the flexion gap and is less expensive and more comfortable to perform than MRI. Additionally, no metallic artefact occurs when the radiological method is used for assessment after arthroplasty.
Evaluación y tendencias de los servicios ecosistemicos hidrologicos de la cuenca del río Zanatenco, Chiapas
Authors: Ruiz Meza Laura Elena
Published: February 2018

Se analizan las tendencias interanuales de los Servicios Ecosistémicos Hidrológicos (SEH) para el periodo 1961-2009 en la cuenca del río Zanatenco, ubicada en la Costa de Chiapas. Se evaluaron los SEH de regulación de flujos de agua y de control de erosión hídrica, así como de provisión de agua. Para evaluar la regulación de flujos de agua se analizó la variabilidad interanual del balance hidrológico y del coeficiente de escurrimiento. La evaluación del SEH de regulación para el control de erosión hídrica se efectuó mediante el estudio de la dinámica de uso del suelo y vegetación en la cuenca y su efecto en la erosión hídrica. Para la evaluación del SEH de provisión se estimó la disponibilidad del agua superficial y subterránea. Se estudió también la relación entre la oferta y la demanda de agua superficial y subterránea en la cuenca. La variabilidad interanual del escurrimiento superficial es decreciente a una tasa anual de 2.365 millones de m3. Ante el abatimiento significativo del escurrimiento, el estiaje extremo y su tendencia interanual decreciente, los periodos de sequía son cada vez más frecuentes e intensos. La erosión hídrica potencial extrema se presenta en terrenos escarpados y representan el 72% del área de la cuenca, mientras que la erosión hídrica actual extrema para el periodo de estudio representa en promedio el 30% de área de la cuenca. Las áreas con cobertura vegetal proporcionan un SEH de protección para el control de la erosión hídrica en la cuenca. Actualmente se presenta un desequilibrio hídrico en la cuenca.
Sistema de gestión de inventario de sustancias agotadoras de la capa de ozono
Authors: Romero Rodríguez Felix Ivan , San Juan Yelena Islen , Gómez Díaz Armando
Published: February 2018

Contexto: El cuidado de la capa de ozono contribuye a la estabilidad ambiental del planeta. Por ello, desde el punto de vista organizativo, se crea el protocolo de Montreal, destinado a controlar la emisión de las sustancias agotadoras de la capa de ozono y reducir su producción. Sin embargo, es necesario tener el control de las que ya están en circulación y presentes en aquellos equipos que aún no son sustituibles debido al el contexto de las empresas que los mantienen. Generalmente, los mecanismos de control para el clasificado del tipo de sustancias, los equipos y las empresas que los poseen, son llevados en archivos físicos, hojas de cálculo y documentos de textos, lo que dificulta el control y la gestión de los datos archivados en ellos. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo realizar la informatización del proceso de control de las sustancias agotadoras de la capa de ozono.Método: Se realiza una evaluación y descripción de los procesos involucrados en la gestión de las sustancias agotadoras de la capa de ozono y sus alternativas. Para la informatización se utiliza la metodología de desarrollo ágil SCRUM y para la solución tecnológica, herramientas y tecnologías libres de código abierto.Resultados: Como resultado de la investigación, fue desarrollada una herramienta informática que automatiza el proceso de control y gestión de las sustancias agotadoras de la capa de ozono y sus alternativas.Conclusiones: La herramienta informática desarrollada permite controlar y gestionar las sustancias agotadoras de la capa de ozono y los equipos que las utilicen. De igual manera gestiona las sustancias que surgen como alternativas a utilizarse en aras de la protección de la capa de ozono.
Perbandingan Struktur Komunitas Mikroartropoda Tanah di Lahan Zona Aktif dan Pasif TPA Jatibarang Semarang
Authors: Amelinda Elda Dheiva , Rahadian Rully , Hadi Mochamad
Published: February 2018

Microarthropods is one of the important components of soil biology which is abundant and varied. The purpose of this research is to compare the structure of microartropod soil community and to examine the influence of physical-chemical factors of the environment based on the dynamics of abundance of soil microartropods in the active zone and the passive zone of Jatibarang Landfill Landfill Semarang. This research was conducted at Jatibarang Landfill Zone of active zone and passive zone by using purposive sampling method. The results showed that the number of species and the number of microartropods in the active zone was higher than the passive zone. In the active zone found 2240 individual / m2 soil microartropods consisting of 21 species and 17 families, whereas in the passive zone found 480 individual / m2 soil microartropods consisting of 10 species and 9 families. The dominating families in both the active and the passive zones are Sciaridae and Cicadellidae. Environmental factors that affect the diversity of soil microartropods are ground water content, soil porosity, heavy metal content such as Pb, Cu, and Zn; As well as the availability of organic matter in the soil. Keyword: Community structure, soil microarthropods, heavy metals, Jatibarang landfill
Produksi Enzim Selulase Dari Bakteri Serratia marcescens KE-B6 Dengan Penambahan Sumber Karbon, Nitrogen dan Kalsium Pada Medium Produksi
Authors: Septiani Arom , Wijanarka W , Rukmi MG Isworo
Published: February 2018

The waste of cellulose in the agro-industry can be reduced by decomposing the cellulose polymer into glucose. This process was carried out by cellulase enzyme (EC 3.2.1.4) produced by cellulolytic bacteria. Bacteria required food as nutrition to survived their life, can be obtained through growth medium or enzyme production medium. Carbon, nitrogen and calcium belong to the essential nutrients contained in growth medium and enzyme production medium. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the addition of carbon, nitrogen and calcium source and the time of incubation on the production of cellulase enzyme from Seratia marcescens KE-B6 bacteria. This research used Completely Randomized Design (RAL) of Factorial Pattern with two factors. The first factor is the type of medium, the first medium is the standard medium (M1) and the second medium is enriched with carbon, nitrogen and calcium sources (M2), the second factor is the incubation time with 5 repetitions. The enzyme production is measured by the reducing sugar method. The data obtained were analyzed using Anova. The results showed that the addition of carbon, nitrogen, and calcium sources and incubation time did not affect the production of cellulase enzyme by Serratia marcescens KE-B6. Keywords: Cellulose, Cellulase enzyme, Serratia marcescens
Efek Pemberian Virgin Coconut Oil Dan Olive Oil Dalam Pakan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tulang Femur Tikus Putih Jantan (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Suhartatik S , Yuniwarti Enny Yusuf Wachidah , Djaelani Muhammad Anwar
Published: February 2018

This research aimed to annalyse the effects of virgin coconut oil and olive oil on the length, diameter and weight of the femur bone in white male rat (Rattus norvegicus). This research used 25 white male rats and consists of 5 treatments with 5 replications. This research used the treatment P0: as a control, P1: feed with an addition of 5 ml virgin coconut oil / kg feed, P2: feed with an addition of 10 ml virgin coconut oil / kg of feed, P3: feed with an addition of 5 ml olive oil / kg feed and P4: feed with  an addition of 10 ml olive oil / kg feed. This research used a method called Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The variables measured in this research are the weight, length and diameter of white male rats. The data was analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 95% level. The results showed that the growth of femur bone in male rat does not have different response after giving virgin coconut oil and olive oil. Keywords : VCO, olive oil, femur bone, rat
BEBERAPA ASPEK BIOLOGI UDANG PUTIH (Penaeus indicus) DI PERAIRAN SEBELAH UTARA BREBES DAN TEGAL, JAWA TENGAH (Biological Aspects of White Shrimp (Penaeus Indicus) In the North Brebes and Tegal Waters, Central Java)
Authors: Wahyuni Iin Ika , Solichin Anhar , Saputra Suradi Wijaya
Published: February 2018

Salah satu potensi perikanan di perairan Brebes dan Tegal adalah Udang Putih yang terancam kelestariannya akibat meningkatnya penangkapan dengan Jaring Arad. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui aspek biologi udang P. indicus dan status sumberdayanya, seperti komposisi hasil tangkapan, struktur ukuran, sifat pertumbuhan, dan aspek reproduksi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode survei. Sampel udang diambil 100% dari total hasil tangkapan tiap perahu karena hasil tangkapan kurang dari 100 ekor. Pengambilan sampel enam kali dari Juli-Desember 2016. Tempat pengambilan sampel di TPI Kluwut, Kaliwlingi, Larangan dan Surodadi. Hasil penelitian nilai L50%P. indicus di sebelah utara Brebes dan Tegal memiliki panjang total 84 mm dan 85 mm, nilai ½ L∞ yaitu 97 mm (jantan) dan 121 mm (betina). L50% < ½ L∞ berarti ukuran udang yang tertangkap masih kecil sehingga dikhawatirkan terjadinya growth overfishing. Sifat pertumbuhan udang jantan dan betina di Brebes yaitu isometrik (b=2,98) dan alometrik negatif (b=2,86), di Tegal yaitu alometrik positif (b= 3,43) dan isometrik (b= 3,02). Nilai faktor kondisi P. indicus di Brebes 1,63 (jantan) dan 1,59 (betina), sedangkan di Tegal 1,81 (jantan) dan 1,57 (betina). Perbandingan nisbah kelamin P. indicus di Brebes 1: 4,4 dan di Tegal 1: 2,9. Status tingkat pemanfaatan sumberdaya udang P. indicus di sebelah utara Brebes dan Tegal perlu penyempurnaan untuk memenuhi syarat perikanan yang berkelanjutan. One of the potential fishery in the Brebes and Tegal waters is P. Indicus shrimp that has been threatened by increasing fishing effort of Arad net. The purpose of this research to know biological aspects of P. indicus and resources status, such as composition of catch, size of structure, growth, and reproduction aspects. The method used is survey method. Shrimp samples were taken at random 10% of the total catch per boat. Sampling six times from July to December 2016. The sampling at TPI Kluwut, TPI Kaliwlingi, TPI Larangan and TPI Surodadi. The results of research L50% value of P. indicus in north Brebes and Tegal has 84 mm and 85 mm TL, ½ L∞ are 97 mm (males) and 121 mm (females). L50% <½ L∞ mean size of shrimp caught are ssmall to worry about the occurrence of growth overfishing. The growth of males and females shrimp in Brebes are isometric (b = 2.98) and negative allometric (b = 2.86), in Tegal growth of males and females are positive allometrik (b = 3.43) and isometric (b = 3.02). Condition factor P. indicus in Brebes are 1.63 (males) and 1.59 (females), whereas in Tegal are 1.81 (males) and 1.57 (females). Sex ratio P. indicus in Brebes 1: 4.4 and in Tegal 1: 2.9. Status of the level of resource P. indicus need improvement to qualify sustainable fisheries.
MODIFIKASI BUBU (TRAP) BERCELAH PELOLOSAN DALAM UPAYA PENANGKAPAN KEPITING BAKAU (Scylla serrata) RAMAH LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Fitri Aristi Dian Purnama , Kurohman Faik , Jayanto Bogi Budi , Hapsari Trisnani Dwi , Husni Iqbal A. , Prihantoko Kukuh E.
Published: February 2018

Peraturan Menteri Kelautan Perikanan RI nomor 1 Tahun 2015 menetapkan ukuran lebar karapas untuk Kepiting Bakau (Scylla serrata) layak tangkap minimal 15 cm. Konstruksi trap yang digunakan untuk menangkap Scylla serrata di perairan Rembang memberikan peluang tertangkapnya stadia juvenille (< 10 cm CW). Trap dengan inovasi celah pelolosan diasumsikan dapat meloloskan Scylla serrata stadia juvenille. Desain celah pelolosan berbentuk segi empat terletak sepanjang bagian sisi bawah trap dengan ukuran tinggi 3 cm, memberikan hasil tangkapan Scylla serrata yang terkecil berukuran lebar karapas rata-rata 8,3 cm dibandingkan tanpa celah pelolosan dengan ukuran terkecil lebar karapas rata-rata 5,3 cm. Tertangkapnya Scylla serrata dengan desain trap bercelah pelolosan < 10 cm CW (stadia juvenille) mengindikasikan bahwa populasi biota tersebut di perairan Rembang berukuran kecil pada saat dilakukannya penelitian pada bulan April sampai dengan Juni 2016. Regulation of the Minister of Marine and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia No. 1 / 2015 set the legal size of Mud crab (Scylla serrata) at least 15 cm carapace width. The trap construction used to capture Scylla serrata in Rembang waters provides an opportunity for capturing juvenile stadia (<10 cm carapace width/CW). The innovation of trap with the escape gap is assumed to pass Scylla serrata juvenille stadia. The design escape gap of a rectangular is located along the underside of the trap with a height of 3 cm, giving the smallest Scylla serrata catches the width of an average carapace by 8.3 cm compared with no escape passes with the smallest size of the average carapace width of 5.3 cm. The capture of Scylla serrata with the trap design of a 10 cm CW (juvenile stadia) trap indicates that the biota population in Rembang waters is small in the case of a study in April to June 2016.
The Splendor of Dresden in the United States, 1978–79
Authors: Goff Alice
Published: February 2018

The Splendor of Dresden was an astonishingly lavish blockbuster exhibition loan from the German Democratic Republic to the United States between 1978 and 1979. Yet the history of its conception and execution reveals the tensions and ambivalences that underwrote cultural diplomatic efforts in the era of the Helsinki Accords, even those at the grandest scale.
RELEVANCIA DEL EJERCICIO NEUROMUSCULAR SOBRE EL RIESGO DE CAÍDAS EN EL ADULTO MAYOR INSTITUCIONALIZADO: ESTUDIO PILOTO
Authors: Martínez Araya Aldo Rodrigo , Saez Selaive Reinaldo Antonio , Martínez Roco Carlos Alejandro
Published: February 2018

Propósito: Evaluar el efecto de un programa de ejercicio neuromuscular sobre el riesgo de caída en adultos mayores que residen en hogares de ancianos. Metodología: Estudio preexperimental transversal comparativo. 20 adultos mayores, entre 68 y 80 años, residentes de un hogar de ancianos realizaron un programa de ejercicios neuromuscular durante 12 semanas, 3 veces a la semana. Los participantes fueron evaluados en el riesgo de caída con la prueba de Tinetti, previo al entrenamiento, a las 6 semanas y a las 12 semanas. Se verificó la distribución normal de los datos con la prueba de Shapiro Wilk, la confiabilidad del instrumento se calculó mediante alfa de Cronbach y las diferencias de puntajes mediante ANOVA de medidas repetidas. Fue considerado un p<0.05 como significativo. Resultados: El análisis de distribución de datos no mostró diferencias significativas (p>0.05), la confiabilidad del instrumento fue de 0.96, los análisis de variancia identificaron diferencias significativas entre los puntajes de riesgo medidos al inicio vs. 6 semanas; 6 semanas vs. 12 semanas e inicio vs. 12 semanas de ejercicio (p<0.05). Conclusión: La realización de ejercicios neuromusculares reduce el riesgo de caídas en el adulto mayor institucionalizado. Implicancia: En virtud de los resultados obtenidos, dicha modalidad de ejercicio podría ser utilizada como alternativa de actividad física para la mantención de la funcionalidad de sus residentes, reduciendo con ello los costos económicos, psicológicos y sociales que conllevan una caída.
DETERMINACIÓN DE LA ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA EN EL RECREO ESCOLAR: COMBINANDO MEDICIONES DE ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA Y LA PERSPECTIVA ESTUDIANTIL
Authors: Álvarez Bogantes Carlos , Villalobos Víquez Grettel , Vargas Tenorio Jennifer
Published: February 2018

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los niveles de actividad física de los estudiantes durante el recreo escolar, tomando en cuenta las percepciones de los estudiantes y observaciones del recreo escolar. Se aplicó un método mixto, utilizando el instrumento de observación de juego y actividades recreativas (SOPLAY) y entrevistas. Los participantes fueron estudiantes de tres escuelas públicas de horario ampliado y alterno, que fueron observados en los recreos escolares. Adicionalmente, se realizaron grupos focales. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, y para determinar si existieron diferencias entre niveles de actividad física moderada-vigorosa entre tipos de escuela, se realizó una prueba de varianza factorial (2x2). Los resultados de los grupos focales se organizaron en categorías. Los estudiantes de este estudio presentaron 47.98 de actividad sedentaria, con un 52.02 de actividad física moderada vigorosa en el recreo escolar, siendo las niñas más sedentarias que los niños. Los escolares de escuelas que alternan son más activos que los de escuelas de horario ampliado. Las participantes percibieron que las barreras para la realización de actividad física tienen que ver con espacio reducido para jugar, con poco apoyo de las maestras. En conclusión, este estudio mostró que un poco más de 50% de los estudiantes realizan actividad física en los recreos escolares, siendo los niños y niñas de escuelas de horario alterno más activos que los de horario ampliado. Las personas participantes perciben que los entornos escolares no favorecen la actividad física, debido a las barreras ambientales. Con base en los resultados de este estudio, se recomienda promover la actividad física a través del recreo escolar, considerando las barreras en el entorno natural, social, físico y organizativo.
Modelos educativos y perfiles de los docentes de Bibliotecología y Ciencia de la Información en Venezuela
Authors: Pirela Morillo Johann
Published: February 2018

En este artículo se presentan resultados de una investigación que tuvo como objetivo analizar los modelos educativos predominantes en las Escuelas y Programas de Bibliotecología y Ciencia de la Información, de instituciones de educación superior venezolanas y los perfiles de los docentes que se desempeñan en tales escuelas y programas. Los referentes conceptuales incluyeron una comparación de modelos para estructurar perfiles de los académicos con base en el enfoque por competencias, por ser el de mayor incorporación en el currículo para formar profesionales de Bibliotecología y Ciencia de la información en Venezuela.Algunos resultados reportan que el mayor porcentaje en edad de los docentes encuestados se ubica en el rango entre 45 a más de 51 años, notándose un equilibrio en cuanto al género, aspecto que ha venido variando en los últimos años, porque la docencia bibliotecológica en el país era mayormente ejercida por mujeres. En cuanto a la formación académica, el mayor porcentaje se ubicó en el área de Bibliotecología y Ciencia de la Información, pero es interesante observar la tendencia hacia la interdisciplinariedad, sobre la base de considerar áreas como: Comunicación Social, Letras (Lingüística y Literatura) e Ingeniería. Las conclusiones señalan que existe pertinencia entre los modelos de las instituciones y los perfiles de los docentes, quienes evidenciaron interés en cuanto a la formación y actualización pedagógica y didáctica, como una estrategia que se revierte en ventajas para la formación profesional en el área.
Perfil del docente de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos y su pertinencia con las demandas actuales: Escuela Profesional de Bibliotecología y Ciencias de la Información
Authors: Estrada Cuzcano Alonso , Alfaro Mendives Karen Lizeth
Published: February 2018

El presente trabajo pretende realizar una recopilación teórica y reflexiva acerca del perfil profesional del docente universitario, asimismo, se realiza un análisis de las competencias que debe exigir este perfil para que logre satisfacer las necesidades de la sociedad actualmente, teniendo en consideración los cambios tecnológicos y las nuevas demandas del mercado laboral, concluyendo que este perfil debe estar constantemente actualizándose para garantizar generaciones de profesionales idóneos y con valores que cumplan estas exigencias. Por último, se analiza el perfil de los docentes de la Escuela Profesional de Bibliotecología y Ciencias de la Información, identificando sus conocimientos, habilidades y experiencia profesional.
Aleksandro Jogailaičio privilegija Masalskiams – tikra ar suklastota?
Authors: Diemantaitė Vita
Published: February 2018

XVI a. pradžioje kylant rašytinei kultūrai, susidarė sąlygos tyčinėms ar netyčinėms raštų klastotėms atsirasti. Dar Pirmajame Lietuvos Statute už valdovo raštų klastojimą buvo numatyta mirties bausmė. Tačiau raštininkai, nebijodami gresiančios bausmės, vis tiek klastodavo dokumentus. Amžinin­kai, susidūrę su klastotėmis, turėdavo imtis dokumento ekspertizės. Ne visi falsifikatai amžininkų buvo išaiškinti ir atpažinti, todėl šiandien istorikai ir istorinių šaltinių leidėjai susiduria su falsifikatais. Pasitaiko atvejų, kai istorikas neatpažįsta, nepatikrina ar nepastebi falsifikato ir jis atsiduria įvairiuose leidiniuose kaip originalas. Kartais falsifikatas publikuojamas keletą kartų, o remiantis juo, istoriografijoje atsiranda faktinių klaidų. Vienas tokių falsifikato pavyzdžių – tai Aleksandro Jogailaičio 1506 m. kovo 22 d. privi­legija Onai Masalskienei ir trims jos sūnums. Šiame straipsnyje, pasitelkus pagalbinius istorijos mokslus, tikrinant istorinius faktus, aiškinamasi, ar ši privilegija gali būti falsifikatas.
Karininkų, kareivių ir karo valdininkų dalyvavimo Steigiamojo Seimo rinkimuose problema ir jos sprendimas 1919–1920 metais
Authors: Kilinskas Kęstutis
Published: February 2018

Straipsnyje analizuojama karininkų, karo valdininkų ir kareivių dalyvavimo Steigiamojo Seimo rinkimuose problema. Atskleidžiamas Lietuvos kariuomenės vadovybės ir svarbiausių politinių partijų – krikščionių demokratų, socialistų liaudininkų demokratų, valstiečių liaudininkų, socialdemokratų bei „Santaros“ – narių požiūris į kariuomenės dalyvavimą Steigiamojo Seimo rinkimuose, išryškinami šių partijų pozicijų skirtumai bei panašumai kariuomenės balsavimo klausimu Seime. Tyrime taip pat atskleidžiamas tikslus karininkų, karo valdininkų ir kareivių, kandidatavusių į Steigiamąjį Seimą ir tapusių jo nariais, skaičius, nagrinėjamas ryšys tarp politinių partijų pozicijų kariuomenės balsavimo rinkimuose į Steigiamąjį Seimą klausimu ir kariškių skaičiaus minėtų partijų kandidatų į Steigiamąjį Seimą sąrašuose. Atskleidžiamas krašto apsaugos ministro, vyriausiojo kariuomenės vado ir karininkijos požiūris į kariuomenės dalyvavimą Steigiamojo Seimo rinkimuose, pristatoma agitacijos kariuomenės gretose problema ir analizuojamas Seimo rinkimų procesas kariuomenėje.
Lietuvos ir Belgijos prekybiniai ryšiai 1923–1940 metais
Authors: Bukaitė Vilma
Published: February 2018

Lietuvos Respublikos ir Belgijos Karalystės prekybiniai ryšiai 1923–1940 m. gerokai pranoko jų politinį bendradarbiavimą. Kol abiejų šalių nebuvo paveikusi Didžioji ekonomikos krizė, jų ekonomi­niai santykiai klostėsi gana liberaliai. Abiejų šalių viena kitai parduodamos prekės atspindėjo šių vals­tybių ūkio pobūdį ir svarbius visuomenės bei verslo poreikius. Lietuva iš pradžių eksportavo paukščius ir gyvulius, ypač arklius, ir medieną. Ilgainiui didėjo jos Belgijai parduodamos apdorotos žemės ūkio pro­dukcijos (javai, sviestas, linų pluoštas) dalis. Iš šios valstybės nuo pat pirmųjų bendradarbiavimo dienų buvo importuojama daug geležies žaliavos ir dirbtinių trąšų, vėliau – ir statybų prekių (cemento, stiklo), tekstilės gamybos įrangos ir žaliavų. Paradoksalu, bet nuosekliai dvišalės prekybos raidai nekliudė gana vėlyvas ir menkas jos reglamentavimas 1928–1932 m. Nors nuo 1930 m. ekonominis bendradarbiavi­mas, paveiktas kvotų ir ribojimų, tapo gerokai sudėtingesnis, Lietuvos eksporto į Belgiją ir importo iš jos sumos dažniausiai peržengdavo 6–7 mln. Lt, o kartais ir 10 mln. Lt. Silpnėjant Lietuvos ekonominiams ryšiams su Vokietija, Belgija tapo ketvirta–penkta pagal svarbą šios Baltijos valstybės prekybos partnere. Kadangi jų prekyba priklausė nuo laivybos kelių, Antrojo pasaulinio karo pradžia lemtingai sukliudė to­lesnio jų ekonominio bendradarbiavimo raidą.
Palyginti (ne)palyginamą: tarpukario ir sovietmečio būsto modernizavimo kampanijos Lietuvoje, jų vertybiniai orientyrai ir idėjų sklaida
Authors: Lakačauskaitė-Kaminskienė Regina
Published: February 2018

Straipsnyje analizuojamos dvi gyvenamosios erdvės modernizacijos kampanijos Lietuvoje – tarpukario ir sovietinė. Lyginant vertybinius ir programinius kampanijų orientyrus bei modernizacijos idėjos sklaidos praktikas, gilinamasi į jų panašumus ir skirtumus. Žvelgiant į tarptautinį kontekstą, analizuojama abiejų modernizacijos kampanijų Lietuvoje koreliacija su tarptautinėmis tendencijomis.
Skirtingi pilies „kūnai“
Authors: Petrilionis Antanas
Published: February 2018

Rec.: Vytautas Volungevičius, Pilies šešėlyje: teritorija, visuomenė ir valdžia Lietuvos Didžiojoje Kunigaikštystėje, Vilnius: Lietuvių katalikų mokslo akademija, Naujasis Židinys-Aidai, 2015.
Ecce historicus, arba Klėjos žygis per Lietuvą
Authors: Krutulys Titas
Published: February 2018

Rec.: Aurelijus Gieda, Manifestuojanti Klėja. Istorikai ir istorika Lietuvoje 1883–1940 metais, Vilnius: Vilniaus universitetas, 2017.
Istorikai pasitinka šimtmetį. Du pasakojimai apie istorikų suvažiavimą
Authors: Petrilionis Antanas , Šipelytė Monika
Published: February 2018

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Nedingstanti Trakinių trauka
Authors: Terleckas Antanas
Published: February 2018

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