bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Adolescent Birth Experience: A Comparison of Three Diverse Groups
Authors: Anderson Cheryl Ann , Ghirmazion Efret
Published: November 2020

Recognized risk factors influencing the birth experience and subsequent poor mental health are not addressed among childbearing adolescents, especially minority teens. Our study purpose was to compare birth experiences of three adolescent groups by prevalence and influence of selected risk factors as moderated by racial/ethnic background. Using a birth rating scale and the Impact of Event Scale, birth perception and stress were examined among an equal number of Black, White, and Hispanic adolescents. Surveys completed at 72 hours postpartum showed Black adolescents most at risk for a negative birth experience. Contributing risk factors included depression, trauma, parity, and operative childbirth. Risk factors occur before and after birth; therefore, childbirth educators can promote a positive birth experience via perinatal assessments and interventions.
Bone formation and growth of climbing perch Anabas testudinieus larvae fed with Zn enriched Artemia nauplii
Authors: Ismarica Ismarica , Setiawati Mia , Jusadi Dedi , Suprayudi Muhammad Agus
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
 
The aim of this study was to determine the optimum level of Zinc (Zn) enrichment in Artemia sp. nauplii as a live feed to improve bone formation and growth of climbing perch Anabas testudinieus larvae. The study consisted of four different Zn enrichment levels (0.0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 mg/mL) in Artemia sp.nauplii. The enrichment was performed for 12 hours with the nauplii density of 1 ind/mL. Climbing perch larvae with an average initial length of 1.65 ± 0.15 mm were fed four times daily with the enriched nauplii. For the first 5 days, all larvae were fed with rotifer followed by feeding with enriched Artemia nauplii ad libitum. The results showed that the application of Artemia sp. enrichment at 0.1 mg Zn/mL influenced the bone formation, increased the growth, and improved the fish survival of climbing perch larvae. Feeding with 0.1 mg/mL Zn enriched Artemia nauplii could be recommended as a strategy to improve the bone formation and growth performance of climbing perch larvae.
 
Keywords: Anabas testudineus, Artemia sp., climbing perch, live feed, zinc
 
 
ABSTRAK
 
Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan dosis optimum pengayaan seng (Zn) pada naupli Artemia sp. terhadap pembentukan tulang dan peningkatan pertumbuhan larva ikan betok. Penelitian dilakukan selama 18 hari dengan empat dosis pengayaan Zn yang berbeda (0, 0,05, 0,1, dan 0,15 mg/mL) pada naupli Artemia. Pengayaan dilakukan selama 12 jam dengan kepadatan naupli 1 ind/mL. Larva ikan betok dengan ukuran panjang awal rata-rata 1.65 ± 0.15 mm diberi pakan naupli yang diperkaya sebanyak 4 kali sehari. Pada lima hari pertama, semua larva diberi pakan rotifer, diikuti dengan pemberian naupli Artemia yang diperkaya secara ad libitum. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa pengayaan naupli Artemia sp. dengan Zn 0,1 mg/mL berpengaruh terhadap pembentukan tulang belakang dan dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan serta meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup larva ikan betok. Pemberian naupli Artemia dengan Zn sebanyak 0.1 mg Zn/mL dapat direkomendasikan untuk perbaikan pembentukan tulang dan pertumbuhan larva ikan betok.
 
Kata kunci: Naupli Artemia sp., ikan betok, pakan alami, seng
Perception of Body Image Among Sportspersons
Authors: Szucs Robert SÃ¡ndor , Polya Eva , Szakaly ZoltÃ¡n
Published: November 2020

Relationship between body and self-image is a well-known and frequently investigated process. Most especially among athletes, this area has been accentuated till the last decades in the literature. This paper focuses on investigating the attitude of people engaged in sports on a regular basis by concentrating primarily on the perception of their body image, the type and form of sport activities, and the consumption habits of food supplements. After a short literature review, the results of the primary research are introduced. People who took part in the research are engaged in sports on a regular basis, and they do sport activities at least once a week on their own free will. Paper Assisted Personal Interviews (PAPI) was used, primarily concentrating on the attitudes of the respondents. During the research, the following conclusions were made: subjectively perceived â€œnormalâ€ body shape category moving higher and the social judgement of overweight became more and more accepted. Owing to the ideal body shape presented by the consumer society, slimmer people want to become thicker while people with a stronger shape want to become leaner. Hence a social problem come into being that only exist in the athleteâ€™s mind. This phenomenon can fundamentally base the headway of food supplements since the producers offer solutions to all segmentsâ€™ real or putative problems. The mostly unreal body ideals boost the dissatisfaction of people towards their own bodies. Producers and distributors of food supplements not only emphasize and draw their customersâ€™ attention to the imperfection of their shape, but they also offer a solution to their real or putative problems. The more the consumer is hesitating, the more favourable it is for the producer as the possibility of purchasing is greater.
The Role of Quality Management in Improving Competitiveness and Performance of Moroccan Organizations
Authors: Taouab Omar , Outellou Soumaya
Published: November 2020

This paper focuses on introducing the term â€œquality managementâ€ and to showcase its relationship with ISO 9000 certification, as well as its impact on competitiveness and performance of Moroccans organizations. A research method strategy was used, which began with some assumptions on the subject. This was followed by the collection of theoretical and empirical data which helped uncover new information and created a better understanding of the topic.
Applying Descriptivist Norms to Fantasy Translation
Authors: Roxana Birsanu
Published: November 2020

This paper focuses on the presence in Romania ofJ.R.R. Tolkienâ€™s The Hobbit or There and Back Again as an illustrative example of fantasy, or, more precisely, high fantasy in the Romanian literary system. The translation of fantasy as a component of childrenâ€™s literature requires compliance with a set of norms and conventions that reflect both the requirements of a particular target language and those connected with the specifics of this category of readers. Having G. Touryâ€™s classification of norms as a starting point, the investigation will attempt to detect the norms that informed translatorsâ€™ decisions, the extent to which these norms are an emanation of the time of translation production and whether the translators are consistent with the extratextual norms and their own textual strategies. From among Touryâ€™s norms, particular attention will be given to the initial ones, with the goal of identifying the preferred orientation of the target texts either towards acceptability or towards adequacy. The investigation will rely mainly on structures and textual units extracted from the target productions, since the main objective is to unveil repeated patterns of translation behavior likely to suggest mechanisms of norm generation
The Rise of British Cultural Identity in Othello by Shakespeare
Authors: Ouattara Dramane
Published: November 2020

The rise of British cultural identity in Othello by Shakespeare stands as a special message to the non-native. It was a patriotic address Shakespeare intended for people who were not British and inhabited England of Queen Elizabeth the 1 st . The paper analysesthe foul and rude treatment of Elizabethan ways on the part of the people Shakespeare and the British community willingly accepted, then integrated into their society as an ordinal citizen. At the top of outraged British people, the preoccupation of Shakespeare with the issue of the rise of British cultural identity was illustrative than ever in his play. His hope and craving for a multi-cultural British society culminated in the societal project. The project was meant to campaign for the rise and promotion of a cultural identity typical of British ways and customs. In a word, the implementation of the societal project of the playwright would certainly allow British cultural identity to go up in value within the ongoing globalised world inclined to cultural homogenization of identities.
Performance Of Inherent Electrogens In Benthic Sediment Mud At Different Ph Conditions In Microbial Fuel Cell
Authors: Pradhan Binjal , Pradhan Ranjan
Published: November 2020

Comparative measurement of electricity produced by inherent eletrogens in benthic mud that were maintained at different operating pH using microbial fuel cell was studied. A two-chamber microbial fuel cell model with proton exchange membrane was adopted for this study applying electrogene sourced from benthic mud collected from local lake and pond in Ontario. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of different pH of 6, 7 and 8 maintained within the anode cell in a microbial biofuel cell (MFC) containing microbial communities found in a benthic mud medium over 192 hours. The outcomes of the study demonstrated that in acidic conditions, there was an initial decrease in output whereas an alkaline condition allowed for the acclimatization and eventual increase of electric current and microbial activity of the study period. MFC operated at pH 7 generated consistently higher electric power during the study duration exhibiting ideal conditions for the inherent exoelectrogenic bacteria. On average 249.8 mV of electricity were measured from the MFC with pH 7. The average current density calculated to be 9.76 (Â±2.02) X 10-5 ÂµA/cm2 . The average power density during the study period was calculated to be 2.49 (Â± 0.77) X 10-5 ÂµW/cm2
Combined Effect Of NozzleDispersion Device On Spray Pattern Uniformity For Low Pressure Sprinklers
Authors: Issaka Zakaria , Fordjour Alexander , Adetunji Ibrahim Ajani
Published: November 2020

An impact sprinkler with a newly designed nozzle-dispersion device and R33 sprinkler were introduced in this study. Comparative experiments and analyses on uniformity patterns of impinging water jet from both sprinklers were investigated by using high-speed photographic technique to visualize the spray. A mathematical model of the spray was developed and applied in MatLab to determine the spray angles at different axial distances. Results showed that the impact sprinkler with the nozzledispersion device combination gave the largest spray range of 12.6% larger than the R33 sprinkler. Combined effect of the nozzle-dispersion device for the impact sprinkler had a strong effect on the spray angle which increased with increasing pressure. Spray characteristics for the impact sprinkler were similar to those produced by the R33 sprinkler. The number of droplets increased with increasing spray angle due to early breakup of the jet, which is beneficial for greater water dispersion and uniformity. It was found that a low working pressure of 150 kPa leads to lower degree of nonuniformities for the sprinklers, and the variation coefficient were less than 10%. Obtained mathematical models of the changes in the variation coefficient was dependent upon working pressure and can be a good basis for easy management of the parameters necessary for the uniform spray distribution. Hence, the impact sprinkler with the nozzle-dispersion device can offer superior advantage of a larger spray range for better overlap and disperse more droplets for better Uniformity under low pressure conditions.
Diode Laser Ablation Versus Surgical Scalpel Technique For Gingival Depigmentation: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Habli Bayan , Attia Nahed , Shokry Mohamed
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the clinical efficiency of gingival depigmentation procedure with conventional scalpel and diode laser techniques. Materials and methods: This study was carried out as a randomized controlled clinical trial, split mouth design, in which fifteen patients having diffuse continuous physiologic pigmentation of the gingiva involving facial aspect of maxillary right to left premolar area were selected. The maxilla was divided into two halves and randomly allotted for â€œstudy siteâ€ for depigmentation with diode laser technique, and â€œcontrol siteâ€ for depigmentation with scalpel technique. The studied variables were the degree of pain, bleeding, duration of the procedure, wound healing, and level of melanin repigmentation. The follow-up period was twelve months. For statistical analysis, Wilcoxon signed-rank test were conducted. Results: The diode laser technique showed better results regarding pain during the first three days, duration of the procedure, and bleeding. There was no significant difference between diode laser technique and scalpel technique regarding the wound healing and pain experienced by the patient after one week of surgery. Both sites showed recurrence of pigmentation, yet it was after a shorter period on the scalpel site. Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest that gingival depigmentation was effective with both scalpel and laser techniques. However, the laser treated sites showed reduced pain experienced by the patient and better operator comfort. Melanin repigmentation was observed on sites treated with scalpel and diode laser, yet faster on the scalpel technique sites.
Fires, floods and droughts in La Pampa between 1998 and 2018. Analysis from the perspective of Risk and Environmental Disaster
Authors:   INTA, Agencia Extensión Rural AER Santa Rosa. La Pampa, Ortellado Marcelo Real ,   Argentina
Published: November 2020

In order to know the occurrence of three elements of risk and disaster such as fires, floods and droughts and how these affected La Pampa province between 1998 and 2018, the regulations and the Emergency and/or Agricultural Disaster declarations were analyzed. From the perspective of Risk and Environmental Disaster a total of 68 Emergency Decrees or Agricultural Disaster were issued during a 251 months period, corresponding 28 to droughts, 23 to floods, 16 to fires and 1 to temporal or rainstorm. The largest area of territorial affection was between January and March 2009 due to droughts affecting 14 millions of hectares (96.43% of La Pampa), and the longest period was 68 months (from January 1998 to May 2003) due to floods. It is observed that several urban center are located in the path of each analyzed adversity, which are direct or indirectly affected. As a prevention and a post­disaster action, important infrastructural and regulatory works has been carried out by La Pampa government. Despite that and the specialized vision regarding the agricultural sector, the lack of socialization of the problems and citizen participation in the decision making space persist
EFFECT OF COVER CROP USE ON A CONTINUOUS SOYBEAN SEQUENCE IN THE PAMPEAN SEMIARID REGION
Authors:   Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Anguil, Fernández Romina ,   Argentina, Alvarez Cristian Osvaldo ,   Actividad privad; Argentina, Eggmann Owen Elias Reinaldo ,   Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Anguil; Argentina, Quiroga Alberto Raul ,   Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Anguil; Argentina,   Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Agronomía. Santa Rosa. Argentina
Published: November 2020

The objectives were to quantify its effect on the yield of the successor summer crop, to evaluate the dynamics of the decomposition of rye residues from a fertilized and unfertilized cover crop (CC), and to evaluate the cumulative effect of 5 years of rye CC in a rotation with a high incidence of soybean on the soil organic matter contents. The study was carried out on a petrocalcic Paleustoll, located in the Southern Plain of the Semiarid Pampa Region. The experiment was part of a long-term trial where in 2010 two treatments for soybean management were installed, continuous soybean without CC and soybeans in rotation with CC. In 2018 an experimental design was established where plots were arranged in completely randomized blocks and 4 management treatments for soybean cultivation were established: continuous soybean without CC, soybean in rotation with CC without fertilization, fertilized with 60 kg N .ha-1, and with 120 kg N.ha-1. Nitrogen fertilization in the CC improved the capture rate of both carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. The results showed that 40% carbon, 60% nitrogen, and 61% phosphorus contained in above-ground biomass were lost from the CC from drying to soybean harvest. The highest soybean yields were recorded in the rotation with fertilized CC, due to a positive effect between the higher soil water content in the early stages of cultivation due to a greater amount of residues, and also by the contribution of different nutrients during the soybean crop-cycle. The long-term trial showed that after 5 years of cover crops in the soybean rotation there was no effect on the organic matter contents.
COVER CROPS AS PREDECESSOR OF PUMPKIN CROP IN THE SEMIARID PAMPA REGION
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Facultad de Agronomía. Santa Rosa, Argentina., Ponce Juan Pablo , Siliquini Oscar Alberto ,   Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Facultad de Agronomía. Santa Rosa, Argentina., Fernández Romina ,   Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Anguil; Argentina
Published: November 2020

The objective was determine the effect of cover crops on the water use efficiency and total yield of the pumpkin crop. The study was carried out on a soil called petrocalcic Paleustoll, located in the south of the rugged plain of the semi­arid Pampa region. In the same lot for three consecutive seasons, Rye (C) and rye + vetch (CV) were sown and fallow was established without cover cultivation. In this way, 6 management treatments for pumpkin cultivation were established: T1: without CC predecessor, with tillage prior to pumpkin planting, and without weed control during the pumpkin cycle. T 2: without predecessor CC with tillage prior to planting the pumpkin, with weed control (tillage and herbicide), during the pumpkin cycle. C H: Rye ancestor used as CC, with growth arrest by herbicide. C R: Rye ancestor used as CC, with growth arrest by rolling. CV H: Rye + Vetch ancestor used as CC, with growth arrest by herbicide. CV R: Rye + Vetch ancestor used as CC, with growth arrest by rolling. The results showed that on average in the 3 seasons C was higher than C V, in 22, 19 and 6% with respect to the total biomass, for the first, second and third seasons, respectively. Cover crops had higher fallow efficiency with respect to treatments without prior CC (T1 and T2). The highest pumpkin yields were over the CC, these being the ones with the lowest UC and the highest EUAt
Aphthous-like stomatitis of COVID-19 patients
Authors: Al-Khanati Nuraldeen Maher , Riad Abanoub , Sahloul Mhd Eyad , Klugar Miloslav
Published: November 2020

The emerging evidence on oral symptoms that occur in conjunction with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection has triggered wide debates on the pathophysiology as well as the potential implications of these manifestations. Hereby, we aim to report according to the CARE guidelines the clinical characteristics of a COVID-19 patient with aphthous-like stomatitis from our clinic. We also performed a literature search in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar from inception until 6th of September 2020 with a combination of keywords (COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2) AND aphthous. On reviewing the emerging evidence of aphthous lesions in COVID-19, we have found that 14 cases were reported heretofore. Aphthous-like stomatitis as a characteristic condition of immuno-affected patients is a predictable and clinically relevant oral complication of COVID-19 patients. Further studies are warranted to establish its epidemiologic significance and to understand its pathophysiology in COVID-19 patients.
Universidades do Brasil, da Espanha e da Itália na Pandemia da COVID-19 numa perspectiva comparada
Authors: Castioni Remi , Almeida Sales de Melo Adriana
Published: November 2020

Investiga como as universidades brasileiras, espanholas e italianas mais bem situadas no ranking da Times Higher Education 2020, têm conduzido suas atividades durante a pandemia da Covid-19. A partir de pesquisa junto aos endereços eletrônicos das respectivas instituições e apoiados na literatura que analisa as mudanças que vêm ocorrendo no ensino superior, em perspectiva comparada, traça-se um panorama de como as universidades reagiram às restrições impostas pela pandemia. Um traço geral é que as universidades estrangeiras rapidamente migraram suas atividades de ensino para o modo remoto e no Brasil somente as estaduais paulistas o fizeram, enquanto as universidades federais paralisaram suas atividades de ensino no início da pandemia da COVID-19.
Stunting pada Remaja Kawasan Buruh Industri dan Nelayan di Kota Surabaya
Authors: Oktavia Luluk
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kejadian stunting (kondisi pada anak yang memiliki tinggi badan kurang jika dibandingkan dengan umurnya) pada remaja yang tinggal pada lingkungan kawasan industri dan nelayan di Kota Surabaya. Metode penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 145 responden. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) ada perbedaan status gizi TB/U remaja di kawasan buruh industri dan nelayan. Kejadian stunting lebih banyak terjadi di kawasan nelayan. Tingginya jumlah remaja stunting di kawasan nelayan tidak lepas dari jumlah saudara remaja yang tinggal di kawasan ini. 2) Ada perbedaan status sosial ekonomi pada remaja kawasan buruh industri dan nelayan. Kawasan buruh industri mayoritas berstatus sosial ekonomi atas, sedangkan kawasan nelayan berstatus sosial ekonomi bawah. 3) Status gizi IMT/U tidak menunjukkan adanya perbedaan pada remaja di kedua kawasan. Hal ini menggambarkan bahwa kebutuhan nutrisi remaja masih dapat terpenuhi, karena bertempat tinggal di Kota Surabaya mendukung adanya berbagai pasokan pangan yang mudah diperoleh. 4) Ada perbedaan kejadian stunting pada remaja laki-laki dan perempuan. Hal ini bisa disebabkan kebutuhan gizi ibu yang kurang selama kehamilan bisa berdampak rusaknya sel telur pada janin perempuan, dan sistem sosial yang masih menganut patriarki mengindikasikan anak laki-laki memiliki kesempatan lebih baik dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan gizi.
Persepsi dan Makna Tradisi Perkawinan Bajapuik pada Masyarakat Sungai Garingging Kabupaten Padang Pariaman
Authors: Martha Zike
Published: November 2020

Communication and culture is communication that has a reciprocal relarionship. Culture can influence communication and conversely communication affects culture and the prvailing culture in one area will be different from other regions. The Geringging River are, Padang Pariaman Regency. The Community has a tradition of giving japuik money in the custom of marriage.  The marriage custom of Sungai Geringging In Padang Pariaman Regency is different from the marriage customs of other Minangkabau areas, becouse it has a Bajapuik tradition to pick up the groom) which requires japuik money. Many meaning are stroed fom this japuik money. Not all mean to demean or indeed buy someone. This is not a human trafficking transaction, just a culture to honor one’s partner in the way of the Garingging River community. This writing discusses and observes how the cultural communication of the meaning of the traditional of Bajapuik marriage in the Garinggiang River community Padang district. Using a Qualitative method with a descriptive design, namely writng that gives an accurate description of symptoms of particular individual or group of a situation and symptoms that occur, operationalizing the concept and producing variable and indicators. Basically, every community in their life will experience changes, changes are condition of a community at diferent times and places, as well as the implementation of the Bajapuik tradition in the Garinggiang River.
Comparison between satellite and ground data with UAV-based information to analyse vineyard spatio-temporal variability
Authors: Pastonchi Laura , Di Gennaro Salvatore Filippo , Toscano Piero , Matese Alessandro
Published: November 2020

Currently, the greatest challenge for vine growers is to improve the yield and quality of grapes by minimizing costs and environmental impacts. This goal can be achieved through a better knowledge of vineyard spatial variability. Traditional platforms such as airborne, satellite and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) solutions are useful investigation tools for vineyard site specific management. These remote sensing techniques are mainly exploited to get the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which is useful for describing the morpho-vegetational characteristics of vineyards. This study was conducted in a vineyard in Tuscany (Italy) during the 2017, 2018 and 2019 seasons. Ground data were acquired to detect some agronomic variables such as yield (kg/vine), total soluble solids (TSS), and pruning weight (kg/vine). Remote sensed multispectral images acquired by UAV and Sentinel-2 (S2) satellite platform were used to assess the analysis of the vegetative variability. The UAV NDVI was extracted using both a mixed pixels approach (both vine and inter-row) and from pure canopy pixels. In addition to these UAV layers, the vine thickness was extracted. The aim of this study was to evaluate both classical Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and spatial statistical methods (Moran Index-MI and BILISA) to assess their performance in a multi-temporal comparison between satellite and ground data with UAV information. Good correlations were detected between S2 NDVI and UAV NDVI mixed pixels through both methods (R2 = 0.80 and MI = 0.75). Regarding ground data, UAV layers showed low and negative association with TSS (MI = - 0.34 was the lowest value) whereas better spatial autocorrelations with positive values were detected between UAV layers and both yield (MI ranged from 0.42 to 0.52) and pruning weight (MI ranged from 0.45 to 0.64). The spatial analysis made by MI and BILISA methodologies added more information to this study, clearly showing that both UAV and Sentinel-2 satellite allowed the vigour spatial variability within the vineyard to be detected correctly, overcoming the classical comparison methods by adding the spatial effect. MI and BILISA play a key role in identifying spatial patterns and could be successfully exploited by agricultural stakeholders.
Effect of Poverty on Financial Development in Developing Countries
Authors: Gnangnon Sena Kimm
Published: November 2020

Numerous studies in the literature have investigated the effect of financial development on poverty, and tend to report a poverty reduction effect of financial development. The present paper considers the issue in the other way around, by examining the effect of poverty on financial development. In particular, it has investigated the financial development effect of poverty that passes through three main channels, including the education level, the level of trade openness, and the degree of export product concentration. The analysis is carried out using a sample of 97 developing countries over the period 1980-2017, and the two-step Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM). Results have shown that poverty genuinely affects financial development through these three channels. Specially, lower poverty rates induce greater financial development in countries that experience higher education levels. Similarly, a rise in poverty rates in the context of restrictive trade policies (that eventually result in lower levels of trade openness) undermines the development of the financial sector. Finally, higher poverty levels adversely affect financial development in countries that experience an increase in the level of export product concentration.
Biosensors for the Detection of Bacterial and Viral Clinical Pathogens and COVID-19 Diagnosis
Authors: Castillo-Henríquez Luis , Brenes-Acuña Mariana , Castro-Rojas Arianna , Cordero-Salmerón Rolando , Lopretti Mary , Vega-Baudrit José Roberto
Published: November 2020

Biosensors are measurement devices that can sense several biomolecules, and are widely used for the detection of relevant clinical pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, showing outstanding results. Because of the latent existing risk of facing another pandemic like the one we are living due to COVID-19, researchers are constantly looking forward to developing new technologies for diagnosis and treatment of infections caused by different bacteria and viruses. Regarding that, nanotechnology has improved biosensors design and performance through the development of materials and nanoparticles that enhance their affinity, selectivity, and efficacy in detecting these pathogens, such as employing nanoparticles, graphene quantum dots, and electrospun nanofibers. Therefore, this work aims to present a comprehensive review that exposes how biosensors work in terms of bacterial and viral detection, and the nanotechnological features that are contributing to achieving a faster yet still efficient COVID-19 diagnosis at the point-of-care.
TomoSim: A Tomographic Simulator for DOAS
Authors: Valente de Almeida Rui , Matela Nuno , Vieira Pedro
Published: November 2020

TomoSim comes as part of project ATMOS, a miniaturised DOAS tomographic atmospheric evaluation device, designed to fit a small drone. During the development of the project, it became necessary to write a simulation tool for system validation. TomoSim is the answer to this problem. The software has two main goals: to mathematically validate the tomographic acquisition method; and to allow some adjustments to the system before reaching final product stages. This measurement strategy was based on a drone performing a sequential trajectory and gathering projections arranged in fan beams, before using some classical tomographic methods to reconstruct a spectral image. The team tested three different reconstruction algorithms, all of which were able to produce an image, validating the team’s initial assumptions regarding the trajectory and acquisition strategy. All algorithms were assessed on their computational performance and their ability for reconstructing spectral "images", using two phantoms, one of which custom made for this purpose. In the end, the team was also able to uncover certain limitations of the TomoSim approach that should be addressed before the final stages of the system.
Potential Impacts of the European Union’s Circular Economy Policy on Japanese Manufacturers
Authors: Umeda Yasushi , Kitagawa Kazunori , Hirose Yayoi , Akaho Keiko , Sakai Yuko , Ohta Makoto ,   The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan,   Japan Productivity Center, Tokyo, Japan,   Toyo University, Tokyo, Japan,   The Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan,   Toyota Motor Corporation, Tokyo, Japan,   The 21st Century Public Policy Institute, Japan Business Federation (Keidanren), Tokyo, Japan
Published: November 2020

While the European Union’s (EU) Circular Economy policy package includes various aspects, such as waste treatment, plastics recycling, reduction of food waste, and remanufacturing, it is essentially an industrial and employment promotion policy. In regard to the promotion of circular businesses, including remanufacturing, product-service system (PSS), and digital platforms, this policy may change the shape of the EU market and the core of market competition. However, many Japanese manufacturers are not aware of the difference between the circular economy and the traditional 3R (reduce, reuse, and recycle) policy and are unfamiliar with the impacts on business competition. The objectives of this paper include an analysis of the EU’s Circular Economy (CE) policy and its potential impacts on the Japanese manufacturing industry (as a representative of a non-EU manufacturing industry). First, we summarize the EU’s CE Policy and analyze its meaning. Second, as examples of CE implementation, we introduce Ecodesign Directive “Directive 2009/125/EC” and the European companies, Siemens and Veolia. Then, we discuss the implication of EU’s CE policy; its double-layered structure, the different attitudes toward CEs among European and Japanese companies, and some notes taken from a CE that may be of importance to Japanese manufacturers. Companies are suggested to be proactively integrate sustainability with their main business activity. Finally, this paper points out key enabling technologies. While there are a lot of technologies related to ecodesign, process technologies, business strategy and planning, and digital technology, an indispensable technology for realizing a CE, is life cycle engineering, which synthesizes a sustainable circulation system, by integrating the technologies mentioned above. We also illustrate a hypothetical scenario in which the traditional manufacturing industry transforms into a life cycle value creating industry.
Activities of Circular Economy in Japan - Towards Global Multi-Value Circulation –
Authors: Halada Kohmei ,   Sustainability Design Institute 5-2-34 Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0035, Japan
Published: November 2020

“The Forum of Global Multi-Value Circulation” is the name of forum on Circular Economy in Japan. This forum was launched at June 2018 to discuss and exchange the information on the movement towards the circular economy. Companies that handles production, supply, distribution, and circulation in Japan join the Forum of Global Multi-Value Circulation. In addition, leading universities and national research institutes also join it. The first part of this paper introduces the concept of Global Multi-Value Circulation. In addition, as results of the discussion of the forum, the focus of attention in the concept of Circular Economy are reviewed. The importance of resource efficiency through the boundary between the Eco-sphere and the Techno-sphere, along with retained value, servicizing and platform, has been insisted.
Defining Requirements on Technology Systems Assessment from Life Cycle Perspectives: Cases on Recycling of Photovoltaic and Secondary Batteries
Authors: Kikuchi Yasunori , Heiho Aya , Dou Yi , Suwa Izuru , Chen I-Ching , Fukushima Yasuhiro , Tokoro Chiharu ,   The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan,   Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
Published: November 2020

Since the enactment of the “Feed-in Tariff” scheme in 2012, the solar power generation capacity in Japan has been steadily growing. Therefore, in the near future, the demand for the mass processing of spent photovoltaic (PV) panels is expected to increase. Secondary batteries, especially lithium-ion batteries (LiBs), have become important products for vehicles and mobile devices. The production of LiBs is also expected to significantly increase in the near future. In this study, we address the design of recycling systems for such emerging technologies. From life cycle perspectives, the requirements for the assessment of these technology systems are carefully defined through a bibliometric analysis of technology assessments, critical reviews of current research and developments in the recycling of PV panels and LiBs, and analysis of the intensities of life cycle impacts (such as greenhouse gas emissions and resource use). The necessities for life cycle assessments, material flow analyses, and other assessment methods are clarified, along with the conditions to be examined using these assessment methods.
Task Scheduling of Material-Handling Manipulator for Enhancing Energy Efficiency in Flow-Type FMS
Authors: Yonemoto Ryo ,   Setsunan University 17-8 Ikeda-naka-machi, Neyagawa, Osaka 572-8508, Japan, Suwa Haruhiko
Published: November 2020

Energy savings and reduction in environmental burdens are necessitated to enhance sustainable manufacturing performances. Not only should energy consumption in the factory be visualized, but also a mechanism, by which in-process production and energy-related information measured in the shop floor are fed back into planning/scheduling decision-making, must be established to improve the energy efficiency during manufacturing execution. This study addresses the effect of scheduling on the improvement of energy efficiency in manufacturing by connecting a developed measurement and control platform with a real manufacturing system. The manufacturing system testbed utilized in this study forms a simple flow-type flexible manufacturing system composed of automated manufacturing cell with a CNC lathe, material-handling manipulator, and vertical machining center. We focus on the task scheduling of the material-handling manipulator, which yields a job sequence, and the effect of task scheduling of the manipulator on the energy efficiency and productivity of the entire manufacturing system.
Estimation of In-Process Power Consumption in Face Milling by Specific Energy Consumption Models
Authors: Samukawa Tetsuo ,   Faculty of Science and Engineering, Setsunan University 17-8 Ikeda-nakamachi, Neyagawa, Osaka 572-8508, Japan, Shimomoto Kazuki , Suwa Haruhiko
Published: November 2020

Prediction of energy consumption in the entire production system is crucial for managing production and pursuing environmentally friendly manufacturing. One critical issue that must be addressed to realize green manufacturing is to construct a method for predicting the electric power consumed by each manufacturing device. To address this problem, we have proposed a regression-based power consumption model to predict in-process power consumption based on the strong correlation between MRR and SEC. This study is an extension of our previous work, and here, we conducted face milling experiments by utilizing ten different materials to demonstrate the applicability and generalization capability of the model. We focused on the face milling process and measured the power consumption of the machine tool during the milling process. We also determined the characteristics of the in-process power consumption in face milling from the viewpoint of SEC and MRR and the influence of the work material on SEC. The prediction accuracy of the proposed model is demonstrated by comparison with a conventional model. It was revealed that the proposed model can describe the influence of the entire machine tool on power consumption depending on the characteristics of the work materials.
Environmental and Economic Evaluation of a Mechanical Biological Treatment System for a Small and Medium-Sized Waste Treatment Facility Considering the Karatsu Smart Disaster-Resilience Base Construction Project
Authors: Ogawa Akihisa ,   Graduate School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Waseda University 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan, Pandyaswargo Andante Hadi , Yoshidome Daiki , Onoda Hiroshi
Published: November 2020

We evaluated the feasibility of waste-generated heat using a 100-kW digestion gas engine at the Karatsu City Water Purification Center by evaluating its disaster resilience through four indicators. We achieved the best outcome, i.e., a power generation rate of 1,122 kW and a power self-sufficiency rate of 22% when two or more digestion gas engines were installed to supply waste-generated heat to the absorption chiller/heater of a water-pool. Additionally, we evaluated the environmental and economic aspects of a Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) system installed in Karatsu City. The results suggested that by installing an MBT system, the annual cost could be reduced by ∼100 million Yen and the power generation capacity could be increased to 4,310 kW; this could also help reduce 19,000 tons of annual CO2emissions with increased power generation. The environmental and economic feasibility assessment tool developed here is configurable; hence, applicable to other regions.
Model-Based Deterioration Estimation with Cyber Physical System
Authors: Hiruta Tomoaki , Umeda Yasushi ,   Research & Development Group, Hitachi Ltd. 7-1-1 Omika-cho, Hitachi, Ibaraki 319-1292, Japan,   Research into Artifacts, Center for Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Published: November 2020

A key aspect of life cycle management for pursuing sustainability is machine condition prognosis, which requires a condition monitoring system that estimates machine system deterioration to assist engineers in determining which maintenance actions to take. Conventional data-driven methods such as machine learning, have two issues. One is data dependency. The accuracy of a data-driven method depends on the data volume because a data-driven method builds a classification model on the basis of historical data as training data. However, it is difficult to acquire enough data on all deterioration modes, which requires a long time, because deterioration modes are diverse, and some of them rarely happen. The other issue is interpretability. When a condition monitoring system using a data-driven method sends the degree of deterioration (DoD) of the machine system to maintenance engineers, they have difficulty in understanding the results because the method is a black box. The objective of this paper is to address these two issues. We propose a model-based method that simulates machine system deterioration with a cyber physical system (CPS). Model-based methods address these issues in the following manner. First, the methods can simulate the progress of deterioration from an initial condition to failure to estimate the DoD. Second, the methods employ mathematical models that represent machine systems. Engineers create such mathematical models (which we call “physical models”) by referring to various kinds of knowledge like design information and the result of failure mode and effects analysis. A physical model allows us to reason about a machine system to address interpretability. For dealing with machinery that has multiple operation modes, we introduce a state space to clarify the relationship among input, observable state variables, and DoD in a physical model. The CPS estimates DoD by comparing observed data with simulated data in the state space. In our case study, we evaluated our proposed method with a hydraulic pump of a mining machine. First we created a physical model with Modelica, which is a multi-domain modeling language. Then, the method constructed the state space by simulating deterioration with the physical model given all combinations of inputs and DoD. After that, we showed that the estimated DoD tended to increase until the hydraulic pump was replaced, using the observed data from an actual mining machine. As a result, the experimental results revealed that the proposed method succeeded in identifying the DoD with observed data of the hydraulic pump of a mining machine.
Theoretical Verification of Film Forming in Local Electroplating Process with Electrolyte Suction Tool
Authors: Sato Atsushi ,   Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei City, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan, Natsu Wataru
Published: November 2020

Electroplating has many applications, including surface hardening and metal thin film manufacturing. In conventional electroplating, the entire workpiece is immersed in the plating solution. Since the whole surface in contact with the solution is plated, a masking operation to remove the unnecessary plating film is required. This is especially applicable to local plating in the case of ornament plating, surface hardening method, among others. However, these additional processes result in substantial increase in processing time and cost. Earlier, we achieved maskless local electroplating with a smooth surface using a suction tool, in which the electrolyte was retrieved by a suction pump through a suction hole. Even so, formation of film on electroplating is yet to be verified by simulations. Herein, we performed experiments and simulations of the local electroplating by varying the processing time before comparing the results. Finally, the validity of the film forming was examined by discussing the results.
PENGARUH UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, PERTUMBUHAN PENJUALAN DAN PROFITABILITAS TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Sulistyo Rahayu Vindy , Indah Mustikowati Rita , Suroso Adi
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, pertumbuhan penjualan dan profitabilitas terhadap nilai perusahaan pada perusahaan manufaktur sektor industri dasar dan kimia di BEI periode tahun 2015-2018. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan penelitian kuantitatif. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, diperoleh 40 sampel dalam kurun waktu 2015-2018 dari laporan keuangan tahunan di Bursa Efek Indonesia yang diakses melalui www.idx.co.id. Analisis penelitian ini menggunakan analisis linier berganda. Hasil analisis menunjukkan secara simultan ukuran perusahaan, pertumbuhan penjualan dan profitabilitas berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan. Secara parsial ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan. Secara parsial pertumbuhan penjualan tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan. Secara parsial profitabilitas berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan.
A Typology of Professional Learning Communities (PLC) for Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case study of Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, and Nigeria
Authors: Soares Fernanda , Galisson Kirsten , Van de Laar Mindel
Published: November 2020

In the bid to improve teaching quality and promote an approach to teacher development that is grounded in the context in which teachers are inserted, Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) have become a popular alternative model of teacher professional development in many countries. PLCs, however, have been more widely studied in high-resource contexts. In a recognition that existing conceptualizations from the Western literature may not reflect how PLCs are functioning in developing countries, this research aims to inductively create a typology of PLCs that incorporates elements that might be specific to these countries, with a focus on Sub-Saharan Africa in general and based on the cases of Equatorial Guinea, Ghana and Nigeria in particular. This study employs a multimethod approach, encompassing document analysis, semi-structured interviews with PLC experts and expert validation. The resulting typology categorizes PLCs into three models - autonomous, structured and scripted. This typology of PLCs is further integrated with dimensions previously proposed by the Western literature to form one cohesive conceptual framework. By acknowledging PLC variability, we are able to incorporate into a framework modes of PLC operation that are specific to our case countries, and possibly to Sub-Saharan African and low- and middle-income countries more generally.
An Experimental Investigation of a Highly Deviated Shroud Type Downhole Separators
Authors: Lopez Jorge , Pereyra Eduardo , Sarica Cem
Published: November 2020

An experimental study of a shroud type downhole separator for a pumped horizontal or deviated well is presented in this study. The separator is located at high deviation angles (i.e., 45 to 80-degrees from the vertical). The effects of the upstream gas and liquid flow rates are evaluated in the performance of the downhole separator.

Traditionally, downhole separators are tested under steady-state conditions in vertical or close to vertical configurations. For those tests, the fluids were injected above or at the bottom of the separator in a vertical setting. The University of Tulsa's outdoor downhole separator facility was used in this study. The facility allows the injection of a two-phase mixture below the separator; the gas and liquid flow rates and the deviation angle can be varied. The global separation efficiency and the liquid holdup in the liquid-rich outlet were recorded and analyzed.

The experimental results demonstrated the effects of the gas and liquid flow rates and deviation angle on the behavior of downhole separators. It was found that as the deviation increases, the efficiency of the separator increases. It was also observed that efficiency decreases at deviations close to horizontal. The findings complement previous studies on shroud type downhole separators and demonstrate the operational capability of downhole separators under numerous conditions. Furthermore, the results provide conditions under which and where the separator can be operated efficiently in the field.