bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reactogenicity of various COVID-19 vaccination regimens
Authors: Drapkina O. M. , Berns S. A. , Gorshkov A. Yu. , Ryzhakova L. N. , Zhdanova O. V. , Chaschin M. G. , Litinskaya O. A.
Published: January 2023

During the spread of an increasing number of new variants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), it is extremely important not only to assess the immunogenicity and efficacy, butalso the safety of various combinations of vaccines. Excessive immune response and associated signs and symptoms may occur with varying frequency as expected from the use of vaccines.

Aim. To compare the reactogenicity of various (heterologous and homologous) vaccination regimens in a prospective observational study.

Material and methods. In individuals aged ≥18 years, in the absence of contraindications to vaccination, two types of vaccines were used at primary vaccination and revaccination: Gam-COVID-Vac and CoviVac: group I (n=97) — Gam-COVID-Vac at each stage of primary and booster vaccination ; group II (n=7) — Gam-COVID-Vck at each stage of primary vaccination, CoviVac at each stage of revaccination; group III (n=42) — CoviVac at each stage of primary vaccination, Gam-COVID-Vac at each stage of revaccination; group IV (n=38) — CoviVac at each stage of primary and secondary vaccination. In all participants, the dynamics of IgG to SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein receptor-binding domain and T-cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 were determined over time. To control the plasma hemostasis, the method of dynamic thrombophotometry was used. Local and systemic adverse events were assessed.

Results. The number of vaccinated individuals with a rise in body temperature above 370 C after the 1st stage of revaccination was significantly (p<0,05) more in group I (37,5%) and group II (57,1%) compared with vaccinated persons of IV group. At the same time, after the 2nd stage of revaccination, in general, a smaller percentage of vaccinated persons with hyperthermia was noted. In group I, a higher percentage of persons (22,9%) complaining of the appearance of weakness after stage I of revaccination was noted compared to vaccinated persons of group IV — 5,2%. An increase in the fibrin clot growth rate was noted in group III at the stage of revaccination.

Conclusion. The use of various revaccination schemes (homologous and heterologous) was not associated with the development of serious adverse events. The resulting local and systemic reactions were shortlived and did not require hospitalization. More pronounced systemic reactions were noted in the form of a short-term fever and weakness when using the Gam-COVID-Vac. No cases of arterial or venous thrombosis were registered during the follow-up period.
Comparative assessment of the immunogenicity of various revaccination regimens against the SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Drapkina O. M. , Berns S. A. , Gorshkov A. Yu. , Ryzhakova L. N. , Zhdanova O. V. , Chaschin M. G. , Litinskaya O. A. , Savicheva A. A. , Pokrovskaya M. S.
Published: January 2023

Along with efficacy and safety, it is extremely important to study the severity of humoral and cellular immunity during not only vaccination, but also revaccination against the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromerelated CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Aim. To compare the immunogenicity (humoral and cellular immunity) of various (heterologous and homologous) revaccination regimens against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a prospective observational study.

Material and methods. In individuals aged ≥18 years, in the absence of contraindications to vaccination, two following types of vaccines were used for primary vaccination and revaccination: Gam-COVIDVac and CoviVac. Group I patients received Gam-COVID-Vac at each stage of primary and secondary vaccination; patients of group II — Gam-COVID-Vac at each stage of primary vaccination, CoviVac at each stage of re-vaccination; patients of group III — CoviVac at each stage of primary vaccination and Gam-COVID-Vac at each stage of revaccination; patients of group IV — CoviVac at each stage of primary and secondary vaccination. All participants (at each stage of vaccination, revaccination and 12 months after the primary vaccination) were determined the level of IgG to the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein and T-cell immunity to SARSCoV-2.

Results. The maximum level of IgG at the second stage of revaccination was observed in groups I and III. In addition, in groups I, III and IV, a significant (p<0,0001) increase in IgG level by the second stage of revaccination was noted, the most pronounced in group III. In addition, there was a significantly (p<0,05) higher level of IgG at I and II stages of revaccination (Visit 3 and 4) among those vaccinated with Gam-COVID-Vac — 520 and 540 BAU/ml, respectively, compared with group IV vaccinated with CoviVac — 467 and 478 BAU/ml, respectively. The maximum and significant increase in active T-cells by the second stage of revaccination (Visit 4) was noted in groups I (p<0,0001) and III (p<0,0022) of vaccinated individuals, where it amounted to 11 and 12, respectively, which allows to consider the result positive (>8). At the same time, the level of active T cells responding to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid Ag stimulation by Visit 4 (stage II of revaccination) was noted in groups II (14,5) and IV (12).

Conclusion. The use of the Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine as a booster dose in both homologous and heterologous vaccination regimens against the SARS-CoV-2 virus is most effective for stimulation and humoral and T-cell post-vaccination response.
The resolution of the Expert Council on current issues of the use of acetylsalicylic acid for the purpose of primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in the light of new scientific data and updated clinical guidelines
Authors: Drapkina O. M. , Vavilova T. V. , Karpov Yu. A. , Kobalava Zh. D. , Lomakin N. V. , Martynov А. I. , Roitman E. V. , Sychev D. A.
Published: January 2023

Expert Council: Drapkina O. M., Vavilova T. V., Karpov Yu. A., Kobalava Zh. D., Lomakin N. V., Martynov A. I., Roitman E. V., Sychev D. A.Scientific communities: the Russian Society for the Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases (ROPNIZ), the Russian Scientific Medical Society of Therapists (RNMOT), the Russian Antithrombotic Forum (RAF), the National Association for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (NATH).
Metabolic Regulation of Immune Response and Tissue Remodeling in Gouty Arthritis (Review)
Authors: Chen Ziyi , Wang Wenjuan , Hua Yinghui
Published: January 2023

Gouty arthritis (GA), one of the most common forms of inflammatory arthritis, is characterized by elevated serum uric acid concentrations and the consequent deposition of monosodium urate crystals. Under low-grade inflammatory stress, cells tend to adapt to the microenvironment by reprogramming their metabolic pathways. Here we review the aberrant metabolic responses to the inflammatory environment in immune and tissue cells in distinct phases of GA. Regulation of these pathways is implicated in metabolic alterations including mitochondrial dysfunction, changes in the glycolytic pathway, and alteration of lipid, uric acid, and bone metabolism among others. Investigations of how these alterations lead to proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects in each period of GA have revealed links to its pathogenesis. Knowledge gained may open up new opportunities for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of GA and offer rationale for further investigation into the mechanisms underlying the progression of the disease.
Chemical Components of Volatile Oil Extracted from the Fermentation Broth of Ganoderma lingzhi (Agaricomycetes) Coupled with Its Antitumor and Antioxidant Activities In Vitro
Authors: Wang Chan , Liu Wei , Wei Yutian , Guo Xiaoyu , Zhang Jingsong , Tang Chuanhong , Feng Jie , Feng Na , Han Wei
Published: January 2023

Volatile oil extracted from fermentation broth of Ganoderma lingzhi by hydrodistillation was analyzed based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Its antitumor activity was tested on K562, SW620, A549, HepG2 cells in vitro. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the oil was determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. In total, 16 constituents were identified accounting for about 99.99% of the total volatile oil in the fermentation broth of G. lingzhi. Among these components, 1-propanol (33.33%), phenylacetaldehyde (24.24%), 2-hexyl-1-decanol (12.12%) were found to be the major constituents. The antitumor results showed that the IC50 of the inhibition to the proliferation of K562, SW620, A549, HepG2 cells were 32.2, 78.9, 96.4, 99.0 μg/mL, respectively. And the oil could inhibit the proliferation of K562 cells by apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest at S phase. Moreover, the oil exhibited radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 0.1469 mg/mL) in DPPH assay.
‘Normans’ vs. ‘Saxons’: Cinematic Imaginaries of Race and Nation in Angevin England, 1938–1964
Authors: Cuenca Esther Liberman
Published: January 2023

Building on Benedict Anderson’s idea about the nation being a fictive construct—an imagined community of people who see themselves as sovereign, exclusive, and one with a shared history—this article examines how the race-based opposition between ‘Saxons’ and ‘Normans’ in histories about the Angevin period was popularized in the 19th century, and how this idea was integrated into the stories of three popular films in the following century: The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938), Ivanhoe (1952), and Becket (1964). To better understand this phenomenon, this article uses the term ‘cinematic imaginary’ to convey how the shared institutions, values, and histories that constituted ‘medieval’ nationhood were depicted in film. This article argues that, much like how historians and novelists of the 19th century imagined how people of certain races in medieval England—particularly during the period of the Angevin Empire (c. 1154–1216)—operated according to set of values and embodied certain attributes, so too did filmmakers in midcentury Hollywood bend the categories of ‘Saxon’ and ‘Norman’ to align with their conceptions of race, nation, and class conflict in the 20th century. Through an examination of these imaginaries in popular cinema, this article illuminates how 20th-century interpretations of history were presented to audiences to convey a set of ideas about a medieval past in light of modern class struggle, imperialism, racism, and nationalism.Banner image taken from The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Copyright Warner Bros, all rights reserved. Image source: www.intofilm.org/films/3539/.
Prospective Science Teachers’ Arguments Regarding a Discrepant Event and Their Thoughts on Using Them in Science Education
Authors: KIZKAPAN Oktay
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study is to determine the prospective science teachers' (PSTs) arguments about a discrepant event and their views on the use of such discrepant events in science education. In the study, an instrumental case study was adopted. The study group of the research consisted of 73 prospective teachers. The data of the research was collected by using written documents. The collected data in the study were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Analysis showed that the prospective science teachers' individual arguments about the discrepant event were weak and insufficient to explain the discrepancy. When prospective science teachers are provided with additional information and encouraged to cooperate effectively and allowed to work as a group, the quality and explanatory power of the arguments increased. However, it was observed that pre-service teachers were not able to produce high-level arguments when they worked neither individually nor as a group.
On the Correctness of Equivalent Transformations in the Process of Functional-Flow, High-Level VLSI Synthesis
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russian Federation, Nepomnyashchiy O. V.
Published: January 2023

The original method and route of functional-flow synthesis of ultra-large integrated circuits is considered. A way of reducing the degree of parallelism and the original algorithms is presented. When transferring the algorithm to the target platform, the imposed restrictions are taken into account. It is proposed to use the developed methods of formal verification to confirm the adequacy of the results of the transformation We mean to the transformation from the algorithms descried in the functional-flow parallel programming language to the hardware description languages.
Determining the Optimal Model for Developing Virtual Reality Applications
Authors:   Nizhny Novgorod State University of Engineering and Economic, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation, Stepanov K. S. , Stepanova T. V. ,   Nizhny Novgorod State University of Engineering and Economic, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
Published: January 2023

In the work, a comparative analysis of the currently used models for developing VR applications is carried out, and on the basis of its results, a number of our own key principles of successful VR development are put forward.
Graphodynamic System with Information Entropy Control as a Means of Control of Production Systems
Authors:   Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, Moscow, Russian Federation, Polishuk Yu. V.
Published: January 2023

Ensuring the quality of products and increasing the level of safety in the operation of production systems are the main tasks of all industries. The second task is the most relevant for technogenic systems of increased danger, which include, among other things, the production systems of the oil and gas industry. The management of production systems and the solution of selected tasks is carried out by the decision maker, using the parameters obtained during the diagnosis and monitoring of the system. The formation of a complex of diagnostic parameters of the production system is implemented by the decision maker, taking into account the loss of information, characterized by incomplete control of the parameters. When identifying the state of the production system, the decision maker must take into account not only the values of diagnostic parameters, but also the value of the information entropy of the system that they form, since "entropy characterizes the uncertainty of control, i.e. its management quality". Thus, the identification of the state of the production system and its management are only possible with the mandatory control of the information entropy of the system by the decision maker. The latter confirms the relevance of the synthesis of control systems with control of the state of their information entropy. Consider the production system as a graphodynamic system. The data characterizing its input, output, internal state and control action will be presented in the form of graphs. Through the analysis of diagnostic parameters, the decision maker identifies the state of the production system. A certain time is spent on obtaining and analyzing diagnostic parameters, which in some cases can be significant and lead to an increase in the value of the information entropy of the controlled system, which leads to a mismatch between the actual state of the system and its image processed by the decision maker. In the conditions of big production systems, taking into account funding constraints or other reasons, the frequency of monitoring the diagnostic parameters of the system may be violated. This leads to a significant increase in the information entropy of the controlled system and, accordingly, to a low quality of its control. The proposed method for controlling a collector-beam system for collecting products from a gas condensate field makes it possible to improve the quality of its control by implementing control of its state of information entropy. The developed graph-dynamic model of data storage of a collector-beam system for collecting gas condensate field products allows the decision maker to analyze its state in any period of operation.
Analysis of Relationships in the Virtual Space of Social Networks
Authors:   Institute of Information Technologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS), Baku, Az1141, Azerbaijan, Alakbarova I. Y.
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to a brief review of approaches to the analysis of social relations in social networks using comments and credentials located in the profiles of social network users. The study is aimed at revealing the behavior of the user and understanding the nature of his relationship with others. The proposed architectural scheme of the system for the intellectual analysis of social relations will make it possible to better understand and identify social relations between users of social networks.
Specialized Neural Network Hardware Accelerators
Authors:   Research and Development Institute Kvant, Moscow, 125438, Russian Federation, V. V. Korneev
Published: January 2023

It seems that by now enough samples of specialized neural network microprocessor crystals and systems based on them have already been created to indicate the trends of their development, and most importantly, their place in the overall development of supercomputer architectures and technologies. The use of low-bit representations of numbers, such as FP8, INT8, BF16, acceptable in neural network computing, allows, on the one hand, to achieve the performance of the 2015 FP8 TFLOPS, 1008 BF16 TFLOPS crystal, and, on the other hand, to reduce the energy consumption of the multiplication operation. Low bit depth caused attention to rounding errors. In a number of crystals, the set of rounding modes has been expanded in comparison with the generally accepted standard and the possibility of programmatically setting the rounding mode has been introduced. In addition, the validity of the creation of specialized neuroprocessor crystals is due to the use of structural programming elements, in which a computer is programmatically formed for an executable algorithm. Therefore, along with reduction the bit depth and support for processing sparse neural networks, in computing systems created on the basis of SambaNova SN30 RDU, Graphcore Colossus MK2 IPU, Untether AI Boqueria, AWS Trainium1, Tesla Dojo D1, there is the possibility, to some extent, of implementing structural programming of calculations. The sparsity of the processed data caused the abandonment of cache memory and the use of on-chip large scratchpad memory with increased bandwidth for data delivery between memory and arithmetic logic devices, as well as between memory and on-chip and inter-chip communication fabric. Therefore, we can talk about a different hierarchical structure of memory compared to the traditional one using cache memory. Thus, specialization in neural network algorithms has led to the emergence of massively parallel systems architectures for processing low-bit data formats with poor temporal and spatial localization of memory requests.
Artifical Neural Network for Forecasting Electricity Consumption in Energy Enterprises
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 109456, Russian Federation, Palchevsky E. V. , Antonov V. V. ,   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Ufa, 450008, Russian Federation, Kromina L. A. ,   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Ufa, 450008, Russian Federation, Rodionova L. E. ,   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Ufa, 450008, Russian Federation, Fakhrullina A. R. ,   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Ufa, 450008, Russian Federation
Published: January 2023

The concept of "Digital Transformation 2030", which defines the national goals and strategic objectives of the development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030, specifies specialized goals and objectives. These goals and objectives are an important message for the introduction of intelligent information management systems based on digital technologies in the electric power industry in general and energy consumption in particular. The main challenges for the transition to digital transformation are: increasing the rate of tariff growth for the end consumer; increasing deterioration of the network infrastructure; the presence of excessive network construction; increasing requirements for the quality of energy consumption. Based on the above, this article is devoted to the development of a method for the formation of an intelligent con­trol system at an energy enterprise by obtaining an early forecast of the amount of electricity required. The predicted values will help not only to increase the energy efficiency of the company through the implementation of specialized energy saving measures, but also to reduce the financial costs of electricity. The solution to this problem is presented in the form of an intelligent neural network system. The main advantages of this artificial neural network are versatility, high-speed and accurate learning, as well as a small amount of training data. The artificial neural network itself is based on the freely distributed TensorFlow machine learning software library, and a modified error backpropagation method is used as training, the main difference of which is the addition of an artificial neural network learning rate increase factor. The results of the analysis of the effectiveness of the method showed that the proposed intelligent neural network system is more accurate (including relative to similar solutions): the average error does not exceed 3.08 % over the entire time of the experiment. This will allow companies to carry out energy saving measures, which will be especially useful in the current economic realities.
Modern trends in temple architecture
Authors: Kosenkova Natalya A. , Litvinov Denis V. , Kosenkova Elizaveta V.
Published: January 2023

Since its inception, religious buildings have undergone significant changes they have changed in accordance with the needs of society. This was reflected in the achievements of scientific and technological progress and changes in the social way of life of society. Temples of ancient civilizations differ significantly from modern temples first of all, in scale. Modern religious buildings meet the requirements of economy, as well as other requirements of sustainable development. For the new architecture of the XXI century, these requirements are necessary. One of their characteristic features of sustainable development is adaptability, which is also reflected in modern temple architecture. It is most characteristically expressed in the religious buildings of those confessions, the theological concept of which allows the buildings to be freely adapted to the requirements of modernity.
Principles of psychogeography in the urban environment design
Authors: Kаrakova Tatyana V. , Vorontsova Yulia S.
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the specifics of such a method of studying the urban environment as psychogeography, as well as to the study of the tools of interaction between a person and the urban environment. Attention is paid to the perception of the urban environment by a person, the influence of this environment on the behavior of citizens. The issues of human influence on the formation of the urban environment are touched upon. The aspects of the inclusion of psycho-geographical research in the work of architects and designers are considered.
On the development of the functional structure of school forum spaces
Authors: Kuznetsova Anna A. , Zhdanova Irina V.
Published: January 2023

The functional structure of a modern school building is complex and multifaceted. In recent projects, a number of clusters can be distinguished: educational, administrative, auxiliary and school-wide. Analysis of the development of the last of the above is of the greatest interest. The inclusion of areas such as lobbies, seating stairs, media library rooms, areas for installing lockers, atriums and transforming spaces of concert halls into the structure of school-wide spaces allows architects to model the environment of a school building, taking into account the modern needs of the younger generation. The study pays special attention to the transformation of this type of spaces and their development in domestic practice, starting with typical projects of the Soviet period and ending with modern designs of school buildings.
″Alba Capra″ interactive walking models
Authors: Rakov Anton P. , Ratieva Yulia S.
Published: January 2023

The construction of schemes for converting rotational motion into a step is an old and very well-known geometric, as well as mechanical problem. Ever since James Watt invented the steam engine, there has been a problem of creating a hinge mechanism that converts circular motion into linear motion. The great Russian mathematician Paphnutiy Lvovich Chebyshev initially could not solve this problem. However, in the process of studying it, he developed a theory of approximation and synthesis of mechanisms. Using the latter, he could choose the parameters of the lambda mechanism in such a way as to obtain one of the best schemes in the world. The topic has become relevant again in connection with a new round of development, the development of mechanical engineering and robotics.
Design and construction of multifunctional high-rise complexes as a stage to creation of vertical cities
Authors: Veretennikov Dmitrii B. , Kozlova Marina Anatolievna
Published: January 2023

The article raises the question of comfortable living environment in modern megacities, by building high-rise multifunctional complexes, which are an effective and rational means of increasing the density of urban development and the environment as a whole, while creating its multi-level per unit area of urban territory. The article presents examples of foreign and Russian experience in the construction of multi-level urban complexes. Attention is drawn to the fact that the design and construction of skyscrapers inevitably leads to the improvement and development of relevant technologies and competencies. The improving of building technologies in future cities will be able to produce a wider range of services both above the surface and in the urbanized underground without large losses of the resources of the cities themselves and for the benefit of future generations. It is noted that there are two opposite directions of the vertical development of the city (horizontal and vertical).
Nutritional support for patients with abdominal surgical pathology: the view of a surgeon and an anesthesiologist — opponents or allies?
Authors: Shen Natalya P. , Mukhacheva Svetlana Yu.
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND: Nutritional support in abdominal surgery is a complex aspect of intensive care with many contradictions in available recommendations and in relation to interdisciplinary interaction. The challenges of assessing nutritional status and timing of the start and methods of clinical nutrition have not yet been resolved. Research has not yet explained whom and how to feed in the intensive care unit, nor has it proved the need for an early start of enteral nutrition or assessed the scale of the problems, such as the lack of uniform views and low adherence to clinical recommendations.
AIM: To analyze the effectiveness of early enteral nutrition in achieving optimal treatment results in patients with abdominal surgical pathology and assess the depth of knowledge and adherence to clinical recommendations of specialists providing care to this cohort.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 50 patients, 32 of whom started early enteral nutrition and 18 received later enteral nutrition. A survey of 41 specialists (surgeons and intensivists) from three leading hospitals in Tyumen was also conducted. The main set of clinical material was conducted on the basis of the Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 (Tyumen).
RESULTS: The study demonstrated the advantages of early enteral nutrition over delayed nutrition by an average of 48 h by reducing the length of hospital stay and resuscitation stage of treatment and minimizing pulmonary complications. Moreover, a survey of specialists assisting this cohort showed a lack of consensus in treatment approaches and insufficient adherence of patients with abdominal surgical pathology to existing clinical recommendations on clinical nutrition.
CONCLUSIONS: Further research on nutritional support in patients with abdominal surgical pathology should aim at reducing the decision-making time in favor of an earlier and combined method of nutritional support, which can be facilitated by enhancing literacy and promoting adherence to clinical recommendations of specialists at the interdisciplinary level.
Integral assessment of non-specific lipid peroxidation reactions blood in adolescent girls of the Siberian ethnos
Authors: Darenskaya Marina A. , Rychkova Lyubov V. , Kolesnikov Sergey I. , Semenova Natalya V. , Kolesnikova Lyubov I.
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND: Integral parameters, in particular, the oxidative stress coefficient are informative and can be used both for evaluation of pathological conditions and compensatory-adaptive reactions of the organism.
AIM: To investigate an integral coefficient the activity of nonspecific reactions of lipid peroxidation in adolescent girls of the Buryat, Evenki and Tofalar ethnic groups, as compared to the non-indigenous ethnic groups, by applying.
METHODS: Total 190 adolescent girls (Buryats, Evenki and Tofalar, and nonindigenous population (for example of Russians)) living in the Irkutsk region were the objects of research. The survey was carried out in expeditionary conditions, in the territories of compact residence of ethnic groups. To calculate the integral coefficient (oxidative stress coefficient), spectrophotometry and fluorometry methods we implemented. The individual indicators: primary, secondary, and final products of lipid peroxidation as well as antioxidant defense components were measured.
RESULTS: According to the obtained data, a lower content of diene conjugates (DC) (p 0.0001), ketodienes and conjugated trienes (KD and СT) (p=0.0003), -tocopherol (p 0.0001) with elevated levels of TBA-active products (p=0.0074) and superoxide dismutase activity (p=0.0008) in the Buryat ethnic girls group relative to similar parameters of girls in the non-ingenious population was observed. Girls of Tofalar ethnic group had higher values of DC (p=0.0009), with reduced values of KD and CT (p=0.0044) compared to the non-indigenous population. There were no differences among girls of the Evenk ethnic group relative to Russians. An integrative analysis of the state of nonspecific lipid peroxidation reactions using the coefficient showed no significant differences between the studied groups.
CONCLUSION: The conducted study demonstrates certain changes in the lipid peroxidationantioxidant defence system, in the absence of changes in the total indicator among girls representing Siberian ethnic groups and the Russian population living next to them, which can be the basis for subsequent monitoring of their health status.
Particulate matter in the ambient air as a risk factor of bronchial asthma in adults
Authors: Fatkhutdinova Liliya M. , Timerbulatova Guzel A. , Zaripov Shamil K. , Yapparova Lyalya I. , Ablyaeva Anastasiya V. , Saveliev Anatolii A. , Sizova Elena P. , Zalyalov Ramil R.
Published: January 2023

AIM: to study the role of fine suspended particles in the atmospheric air in the formation of allergic, non-allergic and mixed phenotypes of bronchial asthma in adults.
METHODS: The analysis of atmospheric air pollution by fine particles in Kazan was carried out according to the database of social and hygienic monitoring of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Tatarstan for 20142020. To study the relationship between the level of atmospheric air pollution with fine particles and bronchial asthma in adults (1865 years old), a retrospective analysis of the incidence of bronchial asthma (ICD-10 codes J45.0, J45.1, J45.8) was carried out during the same period among the population of Kazan. The regional medical information system "Electronic Health of the Republic of Tatarstan" was used. Statistical modeling was carried out using the method of mixed models based on the Poisson distribution or the negative binomial distribution.
RESULTS: The average annual absolute risk of bronchial asthma in the adult population of Kazan was 0.51 per 100 people aged 1865 years, an increase of 0.09 per 100 people (17.6%) per year (p=0.039). An increase in the annual maximum concentrations of PM2,5 by 10 g increased the absolute risk of non-allergic bronchial asthma by 0.066 per 100 people aged 1865 years (p=0.043). Similar dependences, but without statistical significance at the level of p 0.05, were found for such exposure parameters as the mass concentration of РМ10 and the mass of particles deposited in the tracheobronchial and alveolar sections of the lungs. For allergic and mixed asthma, no statistically significant relationships with mass concentrations and deposited doses of suspended particles were found.
CONCLUSION: Air pollution with fine suspended particles increases the risk of developing a non-allergic phenotype of adult bronchial asthma, which may be associated with specific pathogenetic mechanisms, including the reaction of the epithelium to the deposition of fine particles.
Assessment of the chemical and radiological safety of wild mushrooms and berries growing in the Arkhangelsk region
Authors: Unguryanu Tatiana N. , Stepovaia Daria A. , Belyaevskaya Ilona A. , Gaiduk Svetlana V. , Bobykin Konstantin S. , Volkov Nikita G. , Kuznetsova Diana L. , Kosareva Elena N. , Glukhanova Anna S.
Published: January 2023

AIM: To analyze the levels of contamination with heavy metals and radionuclides of wild mushrooms and berries growing in the Arkhangelsk region.
METHODS: Data on the content of heavy metals (cadmium, mercury, lead, arsenic) and radionuclides (cesium-137 and strontium-90) in berries and mushrooms were studied in accordance with the protocols of the Agrochemical Service Station Arkhangelskaya and the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Arkhangelsk Region and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug during the period of 20152021. Total 201 samples of mushrooms and 175 samples of berries were analyzed.
RESULTS: The levels of heavy metals did not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations in 94% of the studied samples of mushrooms and 86% of the studied samples of berries. All samples of mushrooms and berries corresponded the hygienic standards for the content of radionuclides. The mean concentrations of mercury (0.013 mg/kg) and cadmium (0.040 mg/kg) in mushrooms were higher than the average concentrations of these metals in berries by 2.1 (p=0.002) and 1.8 times (p 0.001), respectively. At the level of median concentration and 90th percentile, the content of mercury in tubular mushrooms (0.036 and 0.047 mg/kg, respectively) was 3.2 times higher in comparison to plate mushrooms (p=0.003). The highest content of arsenic (0.067 and 0.24 mg/kg, respectively) and lead (0.088 and 0.15 mg/kg) were found in the berries of the large-sized shrubs at the level of average concentration and the 90th percentile compared to other shrub species, but the differences were not statistically significant.
CONCLUSION: The comparative analysis concluded that although mushrooms and berries from the Arkhangelsk region contain low concentrations of heavy metals and radionuclides, mushrooms tend to accumulate higher concentration of heavy metals and radionuclides in comparison to berries.
Far North residents’ age-related peculiarities based on construction of functional state matrices
Authors: Averyanova Inessa V. , Lugovaya Elena A. , Vdovenko Sergei I. , Barbaruk Yuriy V.
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND: Living in Russias Far North contributes to pronounced natural and social characteristics that exert an unfavorable influence on the human functional state.
AIM: This study assessed medical, physiological, and social factors determining the body functional state in northerners of different age groups.
METHODS: The research involved male residents of Magadan region, Caucasians by origin: 156 young men aged 1721 (18.50.6) years, 56 men of the working age of 3445 (37.40.5) years, and 45 elderly men aged 6077 (65.91.1) years. The participants somatometric variables were measured. The functioning of cardiovascular and respiratory systems, insulin resistance, as well as the levels of blood biochemistry, vitamin D, trace element, and basal metabolism were assessed. The subjective tobacco smoking and motor activity rates were also analyzed.
RESULTS: We can conclude that the body systemic functioning is increasingly stressed out with age. The sampled people exhibited higher incidence of arterial hypertension, which was rated in total by subjective systolic and diastolic blood pressure, with the incidence growing with increasing age, from 49% in younger subjects to 108% in older men; more common insulin resistance, from 13% in the youth to 50% in the elderly; elevated blood glucose level which was ranging (29%, 30%, 43% with age, respectively); and deviation of the atherogenicity coefficient rising from 9% to 55%60% with increasing age. We also observed the same dependence of bronchial obstruction variables on age: from 19% incidence among younger subjects to 71% and 74% in middle-aged and older men, respectfully, with impaired respiratory functioning and consistently high levels (40%59%) of reported tobacco consumption.
CONCLUSION: The developed matrices illustrate the worsening observed in subjective functional reserves and increasing intensity occurred in body systems of examinees as they grow from ontogenesis of the youth to the elderly.
Simultaneous Seismic Phase Picking and Polarity Determination with an Attention-Based Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Ji , Li Zefeng , Zhang Jie
Published: January 2023

Earthquake focal mechanisms present information on fault plane and stress direction, which is crucial for understanding tectonics and seismicity. Source focal mechanisms of small earthquakes are often difficult to determine from waveform modeling but feasible to infer from initial polarities. Here, we employ a state-of-the-art neural network infused with an attention mechanism to simultaneously pick arrivals and determine the first-motion polarity. The model is trained and tested with data from southern California. Compared with polarity inference with manual picks in the catalog, predicted polarity inference can help obtain more focal mechanism solutions in southern California. We test this model with data from different regions and observe high generalizability. The predicted arrival and polarity data are consistent with the labeled arrival and polarity data in Japan. The average-picking error is 0.04 s, and the accuracy of polarity classification is 99%. We infer the focal mechanisms from the predicted polarity in Oklahoma. The derived focal mechanisms are consistent with referencing focal mechanisms. This method allows routinely obtaining arrival and polarity data, and deriving focal mechanism solutions for events.
Altered Innate Immune Response to Influenza Virus Infection in the Neonate
Authors:   , Kumova Ogan Kartal , Carey Alison
Published: January 2023

Respiratory viral infections contribute substantially to global infant mortality and disproportionately affect preterm neonates. This mortality is often attributed to the immunological immaturity of the newborn. Newborn immune responses are qualitatively and quantitatively distinct from those of adults. Neonates are ineligible for current influenza vaccines as they fail to develop effective antibody responses. Therefore, there is a critical need for developing antiviral therapeutic interventions for this extremely vulnerable population. Using our clinically relevant neonatal murine model of influenza virus infection, neonates exhibit high mortality and viral load early in influenza infection coupled with delayed innate immune transcriptional responses in the lung compared to adults. Administration of a probiotic, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), serves as an effective immune modulator during influenza viral infection, which improves neonatal mouse survival by calibrating innate antiviral responses, specifically type I interferons (IFN I). Uncontrolled production of IFN I, which controls viral replication, may also result in the production of pathogenic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Infants are particularly susceptible to ROS because of decreased production of antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3). Furthermore, neonates demonstrate increased pathology under oxidative stress conditions. Neonatal infected lung epithelial cells and immune cells have an increased production of ROS in response to IFN I. The recruitment of the most potent ROS-producing immune cell, the neutrophil, is controlled by neonatal TLR 2 and ablation of this receptor or treatment with an antioxidant improves survival in neonates. Our research identifies modifiable risk factors which can be used to develop antiviral therapeutics in this currently understudied population.
Preparation and characterization of 3D-printed antibacterial hydrogel with benzyl isothiocyanate
Authors: Liang Yunxia , Chitrakar Bimal , Liu Zhenbin , Ming Xujia , Xu Dan , Mo Haizhen , Shi Chunyang , , Zhu Xiaolin , Hu Liangbin , Li Hongbo
Published: January 2023

Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is an isothiocyanate of plant origin, especially the mustard family, which has good antibacterial properties. However, its applications are challenging due to its poor water solubility and chemical instability. We used food hydrocolloids, including xanthan gum, locust bean gum, konjac glucomannan, and carrageenan as three-dimensional (3D)-printing food ink base and successfully prepared 3D-printed BITC antibacterial hydrogel (BITC-XLKC-Gel). The characterization and fabrication procedure of BITC-XLKC-Gel was studied. The results show that BITC-XLKC-Gel hydrogel has better mechanical properties by lowfield nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR), mechanical properties, and rheometer analysis. The strain rate of BITC-XLKC-Gel hydrogel is 76.5%, which is better than that of human skin. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed that BITC-XLKC-Gel has uniform pore size and provides a good carrier environment for BITC carriers. In addition, BITC-XLKC-Gel has good 3D-printing performance, and 3D printing can be used for customizing patterns. Finally, inhibition zone analysis showed that the BITC-XLKC-Gel added with 0.6% BITC had strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and the BITC-XLKC-Gel added with 0.4% BITC had strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. Antibacterial wound dressing has always been considered essential in burn wound healing. In experiments that simulated burn infection, BITC-XLKC-Gel showed good antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus. BITC-XLKC-Gel is a good 3D-printing food ink attributed to strong plasticity, high safety profile, and good antibacterial performance and has great application prospects.
Seizure epilepsy genesis and epileptogenic nodes in epileptic patients: A procedure
Authors: Raju V Rama , Malsoru V , Srinivas K , Rani B. Kavitha , Madhukar G
Published: January 2023

In this study we attempted to design, develop and substantiate a modern contemporary biomarker for epileptic (epilepsy) subjects (patients) neuronal-instability. Initial study is done on 91 subjects through the application of neuronal-unpredictability and/or variability of the marked e-SoZ as a metric to envisage and foresee the epileptic operational (surgical) outcome. the neural-instability predict (42/45) subjects unsuccess with surgery, by a total accuracy of 75% (predictive) when matched with subjective-clinicians accuracy at 49%(results-effective). We differentiate instable zonal areas (zones) which were not diagnosed in unsuccessful cases (i.e., unsuccessful outcomes). While compared with EEG features, the neural-variability outpaced in prognosis strength and, also construal, which support that neuronal delicacy as a bio-marker for the electro encephalography e-SoZ.
Conscientiousness, Immersion, and Game Chance Type: Problematic Videogames Use Predictors Among Professional Online Board Gamers
Authors: Wojtasiński Marcin , Tużnik Przemysław , Cudo Andrzej
Published: January 2023

Several reports on the potential relationship between immersion experienced by gamers and problematic videogames use (PVG) have recently appeared in the literature but their results often vary. This discrepancy may be due to the fact that games can be chance-dependent (CDG) or chance-independent (CIG). This may also be due to the nature of the relationship between immersion and PVG with a personality trait (conscientiousness), which is an antecedent of both variables. We decided to check whether conscientiousness and PVG relationship will be mediated by immersion and whether this relationship is dependent on the game type. The survey was addressed to board game club members who represented professional players, based on the time spent playing games as well as the ranking criterion. Ninety-four CDG and CIG players responded to the survey. The model proposed in this pilot study showed that conscientiousness explains PVG directly in CIG players, whereas in CDG players this mechanism is mediated by the immersion they experience. This discovery sheds new light on the potential motivational causes of PVG, which depend on both immersion and the chance type of game.
Examination of water and salt stress for five different maize hybrids
Authors: Komlósi Ádám , Futó Zoltán , Bencze Gábor
Published: January 2023

In today's climatic conditions, the yield-reducing effects of drought are increasingly being felt. Farmers should take every opportunity to mitigate these effects. Irrigation is the easiest and most effective way to eliminate the damage caused by drought, however, a new promising method has also emerged in hybrid production. The production of drought-tolerant hybrids is a new trend that can easily affect the amount and quality of crops to be harvested in a drought year. In the course of the research, we investigate the drought responses of different hybrids, in different water doses, in an environment closed from external precipitation in several replicates.
A narrative review on the use of camera traps and machine learning in wildlife research
Authors: Bijl Hanna , Heltai Miklós
Published: January 2023

Camera trapping has become an important tool in wildlife research in the past few decades. However, one of its main limiting factors is the processing of data, which is labour-intensive and time-consuming. Consequently, to aid this process, the use of machine learning has increased. A summary is provided on the use of both camera traps and machine learning and the main challenges that come with it by performing a general literature review. Remote cameras can be used in a variety of field applications, including investigating species distribution, disease transmission and vaccination, population estimation, nest predation, animal activity patterns, wildlife crossings, and diet analysis. Camera trapping has many benefits, including being less invasive, allowing for consistent monitoring and simultaneous observation (especially of secretive or aggressive animals even in dangerous or remote areas), providing photo/video evidence, reducing observer bias, and being cost effective. The main issues are that they are subject to their environment, dependent on human placements, can disrupt animal behaviour, need maintenance and repair, have limitations on photographic data, and are sensitive to theft and vandalism. When it comes to machine learning, the main aim is to identify species in camera (trap) images, although emerging technologies can provide individual recognition as well. The downsides in- clude the large amount of annotated data, computer power, and programming and machine learning expertise needed. Nonetheless, camera trapping and machine learning can greatly assist ecologists and conservationists in wildlife research, even more so as technology further develops.