bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Fundamental Question for Complementary Medicine: Are There Other Forces in the Natural World Besides the Physical Forces?
Authors: Kiene Helmut , Hamre Harald Johan
Published: October 2023

Background: The integration of conventional and complementary medicine reflects the pluralism in science. Still, a critical issue is the conception of the natural world. Many complementary therapy systems seem to contradict the reductionist-atomistic paradigm that all of natural reality is essentially based on the physical interactions of atoms and molecules. Thus, a fundamental question about the natural world is: Do other than the physical forces exist? Summary: The assumption that no other than physical forces exist and work in the natural world is not tenable. For example, the formation and maintenance of the functional Gestalt of organisms cannot possibly be explained by molecular processes (e.g., from DNA to RNA and further to amino acids and proteins). The processes on each structural level – from molecules, organelles, cells, organs up to the whole organism – are regulated in regard to the formation of the next higher level. Specific Gestalt-forming forces exist and can be systematically investigated. Their existence implies an extended conception of matter. The Gestalt-forming forces and the extended concept of matter may be relevant for the scientific assessment of complementary therapies. Key Messages: (i) In the natural world, specific Gestalt-forming forces exist in addition to the physical forces, and can be systematically investigated. (ii) The existence of these forces implies an extended conception of matter. (iii) These forces and this extended concept of matter may be relevant for the scientific assessment of complementary therapies, e.g., homeopathy.
Telomere Length among Chinese Aged 75+ Years
Authors: Yeung Suey S.Y. , Ma Suk Ling , Wang Xingyan , Chen Yangchao , Tsui Stephen Kwok Wing , Tang Nelson Leung Sang , Woo Jean
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Telomere length (TL) is generally regarded as a biomarker of aging. TL, which is influenced by sociodemographic factors, has been shown to be inversely associated with morbidity. However, most studies examined the youngest, and whether the findings can be extended to older individuals is less clear. Further, few studies have examined these questions in Chinese older adults. This cross-sectional study examined TL and its associated factors in Chinese aged 75+ years in Hong Kong. Methods: Participants were from the Mr. and Ms. Osteoporosis cohort. A structured interview on sociodemographic factors and physical measurement was conducted. Frailty and sarcopenia status were respectively determined by Fried’s criteria and the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia definition. TL was measured by a molecular inversion probe-quantitative PCR assay and expressed as a novel telomere/a single copy reference gene (T/S) ratio. Adjusted binary logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between TL and the presence of multimorbidity, age-related diseases, frailty, and sarcopenia. Results: Among 555 participants (mean age 83.6 ± 3.8 years, 41.3% females), the mean T/S ratio was 1.01 ± 0.20. Males had a lower T/S ratio (0.97 ± 0.20) compared with females (1.07 ± 0.18) (p < 0.001). A lower education level was related to a longer TL (p = 0.016). Being a current smoker was related to a shorter TL (p = 0.007). TL was not significantly different across categories of age, subjective socioeconomic status, drinking status, physical activity level, and body mass index (p > 0.05). There were no associations between TL and the presence of multimorbidity, diabetes, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, cognitive impairment, frailty, and sarcopenia. Conclusion: Among Chinese aged 75+ years, males had shorter TL compared with females. TL was not associated with age-related diseases, frailty, and sarcopenia in this age group. TL may not be a biological marker of aging among older individuals.
Disentangling Stereotypes towards Older Age Groups: Evidence from Factorial Survey Experiments in China and the USA
Authors: Mai Chunyan , Chen Dan , Olivos Francisco , Chen Amber X.
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Older adults are usually perceived as warmer but less competent than younger adults. This study examined how these stereotypes are related to domain-specific attributes and how individuals’ values may moderate the association. Methods: We recruited 560 Chinese participants (mean age [SD]: 23.14 ± 7.08 years old, ranging from 18 to 60 years old) and 479 American participants (mean age [SD]: 31.37 ± 7.19 years old, ranging from 18 to 57 years old). Participants rated perceived warmth and competence of older adults based on vignettes with varying descriptions of specific domains (i.e., three relational domains: number of friends, family relationship quality, and engagement in neighbourhood activities; and three individualistic domains: income, depression, and memory) and personal attributes (i.e., gender, age, and independence). Results: Firstly, the results showed that relational domains predict warmth, whereas individualistic domains predict competence in both samples from China and the USA. Secondly, in both samples, people with higher communal values attributed more relevance to relational domains on judgement of warmth. Lastly, only in the US sample did people with higher agentic values attribute more relevance to individualistic domains on judgement of competence. Discussion/Conclusion: The study revealed that personal values, when determined relatively, contribute to stereotypes of older adults in the two independent samples.
Traiciones Cartoneras, una apuesta a la traducción literaria
Authors: Cattoni Silvia
Published: October 2023

Traiciones Cartoneras es una colección de La Sofia cartonera dedicada a la difusión de traducciones de obras de la literatura extranjera de todas las épocas. Surge con el propósito de estimular la traducción literaria local en sede universitaria y favorecer la recepción de la literatura universal en público variado y amplio y no siempre vinculado con la experiencia literaria. Toma su nombre del célebre adagio italiano Traduttore, traditore que orienta su práctica: traducir y entregar bienes culturales a nuevos sectores sociales. Mediante acciones concretas como los talleres colaborativos de armado y traducción, la colección intenta poner en relación la sofisticada práctica de la traducción literaria con las lógicas colectivas de la edición cartonera y establecer, de este modo, un acercamiento necesario entre los códigos de la cultura letrada y popular para encontrar nuevas vías de circulación del libro.
Los cuentos de Sergio Fong y el inframundo de la (contra) cultura mexicana
Authors: Bell Lucy
Published: October 2023

Sergio Fong se ha destacado como una de las figuras más importantes de la contracultura en Guadalajara desde los años 70 hasta el presente, gracias a su papel fundamental en iniciativas activistas como el movimiento del BUSH (Bandas Unidas del Sector Hidalgo) y el Tianguis Cultural de Guadalajara, sus actividades editoriales alternativas desde los zines de su adolescencia hasta su labor como editor de La Rueda Cartonera (2009-presente), una de las editoriales cartoneras más activas y activistas en México, y su escritura callejera representada por unos cinco colecciones de narrativa breve. A pesar de ello – o quizás debido al carácter underground de su producción cultural – este es el primer artículo académico dedicado plenamente a su obra. En el presente estudio, se relacionan la vida y las acciones sociales, culturales y políticas de Fong con su obra literaria para revelar las profundas conexiones entre su praxis diaria y el inframundo marginal de sus relatos. Mediante lecturas detalladas y lúdicas de Cuentos de Varro (2017), se argumenta que, desde esta “literatura en acción”, se detona un pensamiento crítico que se relaciona con la filosofía zapatista que ha influido en la obra de Fong desde los años 90 y con la teoría decolonial impulsada por los activismos indígenas latinoamericanos.
Articulações e publicações cartoneras em tempos pandêmicos: livros Letras de Cartón II e SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Santos Ariadne Catarine dos
Published: October 2023

Since the year 2020, the world has been experiencing a health tragedy that still leaves its marks in the social, political, economic, educational and cultural fields. Data shows, not counting underreporting, that more than 6 million people have died as a result of COVID-19 and more than 700 million cases have spread across the world, even showing the various facets of inequalities between countries. Within the cartonero universe, with an even greater use of available digital resources, many cartonera publishers managed to promote various articulations (among them, workshops, meetings, chats, collective publications, etc.), even in the face of a context in which actions and cultural productions were generally well affected. In this article, divided into three parts, I discuss some cartonera actions, within this context, based on a general presentation and selected excerpts from the following co‑edited productions: Letras de Cartón II and SARS-CoV-2, which are composed by voices of different locations and form a kind of narrative map that intertwines literature and history, allowing us to reflect on the issue of individual and collective memory, death, mourning and community ties in the context of the greatest pandemic of the 21st century.
Teorizando a dobradiça cartonera: pesquisa trans-formal para uma prática transformadora
Authors: Bell Lucy , Flynn Alexander Ungprateeb , O'Hare Patrick , Oliveira Julia
Published: October 2023

This is a translation of the chapter “Methods: Trans-Formal Research for Transformational Practice”, part of the book Taking Form, Making Worlds: Cartonera Publishers in Latin America (2022). Throughout the article, the authors follow the activities of the Mexican cartoneras La Rueda Cartonera and Viento Cartonero to elaborate a theory of cartonera practice and, at the same time, to offer a reflection on the methodology they have developed to work on and with cartonera, based on an interdisciplinary vision. In this process, Bell, Flynn and O’Hare propose the concept of the “double fold” to name a double path of this type of social and artistic project: the presence of the sociopolitical structures in cartonera practices and, in turn, the impact of cartoneras in sociopolitical practices.
Entre o luto e as memórias: a escrita emblemática de Carmen Perilli, em Improlijas memorias
Authors: Cardoso Rosane Maria
Published: October 2023

This article highlights one of the recent cartoon productions. It is Improlijas memorias, debut novel by Argentinean researcher Carmen Perilli, which ranges from the last Argentine dictatorship (1976-1983) to the recent inquiries against the executioners of that time. Memory is the key to denouncing the oppressive environment experienced and the consequent state of fear and uncertainty of the population. The narrative presents facts and court documents about the dead and missing people, as well as being carried away by memories, through which it shows the impacts of the “guerra sucia” on the author herself. Alongside this, Carmen Perilli builds a fragmented, hybrid and particular narrative. It is argued, in this article, that the construction of this writing contributes to the elaboration of an emblematic memory about the traumatic events, as well as the way of producing the text, cartonería, enhances a voice of resistance againstauthoritarianism of any kind.
Target: BP™: A National Initiative to Improve Blood Pressure Control
Authors: Smith Alison P. , Overton Katherine , Rakotz Michael , Wozniak Gregory , Sanchez Eduardo
Published: October 2023

Target: BP™ is a national initiative launched by the American Heart Association and the American Medical Association in 2017 in response to the high prevalence of uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) in the United States. Target: BP™ provides support to health care organizations and health care teams, with no user fees, to improve the quality of care for adults with hypertension by providing education and resources and recognizing organizations committed to prioritizing and reporting their rate of BP control. Through Target: BP™, the American Heart Association and the American Medical Association also collaborate to align policy with evidence through federal, state, and institutional policy advocacy and raise public awareness through media campaigns. In 2022, Target: BP™ recognized 1309 health care organizations serving 8.4 million patients with hypertension for prioritizing BP control, 675 of which affirmed performance of evidence-based BP measurement activities and 551 of which reported BP control rates ≥70%. With the proportion of US adults with controlled BP falling to 48.2% from 2017 to 2020, Target: BP™ remains focused on regaining lost ground in national BP control rates by emphasizing accurate BP measurement, rapid treatment intensification, healthful lifestyle changes, and evidence-based use of self-measured BP monitoring. Target: BP™ also emphasizes adoption of team-based care models and prioritizing equitable health outcomes. More than 1.37 million unique users have visited
https://targetbp.org/
and downloaded 98 341 Target: BP™ resources from 2017 to 2022.
Hypertension Trends and White Matter Brain Injury in the Offspring Framingham Heart Study Cohort
Authors: Petrea Rodica E. , Pinheiro Adlin , Demissie Serkalem , Ekenze Oluchi , Aparicio Hugo J. , Satizabal Claudia L. , Maillard Pauline , DeCarli Charles , Beiser Alexa S. , Seshadri Sudha , Lioutas Vasileios-Arsenios , Rafael Romero Jose
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Hypertension is the most potent stroke risk factor and is also related to cerebral small vessel disease. We studied the relation between mid-to-late-life hypertension trends and cerebral white matter injury in community-dwelling individuals from the FHS (Framingham Heart Study).

METHODS:

FHS Offspring cohort participants with available mid-life and late-life blood pressure measurements and brain magnetic resonance imaging were included. Multiple regression analyses were used to relate hypertension trends (normotension-normotension [reference], normotension-hypertension, and hypertension-hypertension) to white matter injury metrics on diffusion tensor imaging (free water, fractional anisotropy, and peak skeletonized mean diffusivity) and Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (white matter hyperintensity volume) by different blood pressure cutoffs (130/80, 140/90, and 150/90 mm Hg).

RESULTS:

We included 1018 participants (mean age 47.3±7.4 years at mid-life and 73.2±7.3 at late-life). At the 140/90 mm Hg cutoff, the hypertension-hypertension trend was associated with higher free water (β, 0.16 [95% CI, 0.03–0.30];
P
=0.021) and peak skeletonized mean diffusivity (β, 0.15 [95% CI, 0.01–0.29];
P
=0.033). At a 130/80 mm Hg cutoff, the hypertension-hypertension trend had significantly higher free water (β, 0.16 [95% CI, 0.01–0.30];
P
=0.035); and the normotension-hypertension (β, 0.24 [95% CI, 0.03–0.44];
P
=0.027) and hypertension-hypertension (β, 0.22 [95% CI, 0.04–0.41];
P
=0.022) trends had significantly increased white matter hyperintensity volume. Exploratory stratified analysis showed effect modifications by
APOE ɛ4
allele and age.

CONCLUSIONS:

Mid-to-late-life hypertension exposure is significantly associated with microstructural and to a lesser extent, visible white matter injury; the effects are observed at both conventional and lower blood pressure cutoffs and are associated with longer duration of hypertension.
The Anti-Nazi League, ‘Another White Organisation’? British Black Radicals against Racial Fascism
Authors: Hancox Alfie
Published: October 2023

This article explores how Britain’s Black Power movement challenged the political outlook of the anti-fascist left in the 1960s–70s. While the established left interpreted the National Front (NF) as an aberrant threat to Britain’s social democracy, Black political groups foregrounded the systemic racial violence of the British state. By addressing intensifying racial oppression during a critical early phase in the transition to neoliberalism, they prefigured Stuart Hall’s analysis of ‘authoritarian populism’. The British Black Power movement especially criticised the high-profile Anti-Nazi League (ANL) for its singular focus on the NF, which was framed as a revived Hitlerite peril. For British Black radicals, the larger strategic problem was the populist racism, inflected by imperial nostalgia, which propelled Thatcher’s New Right to power. Instead of narrow Nazi analogies, they related the re-emergence of white nationalism to British social democracy’s racist treatment of Black immigrants, as well as its neocolonial role abroad.
Behavioral activity and range patterns of the endemic Gelada monkey (Theropithecus gelada) in and around Jer Silase Monastery in North Shoa Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Desalegn Tamenut
Published: October 2023

The present study investigated the activity, range, and habitat utilization patterns of the Endemic Gelada Monkey (Theropithecus gelada) in and around Jer Silase Monastery in North Shoa Zone, Ethiopia. The study was conducted from January 2021 to October 2021 by considering the dry and wet seasons and stratifying the study area into natural forest, cliff/rocky, and farmland habitats. An instantaneous scan sampling method was employed to collect behavioral data. The activity patterns of three selected focal groups of Gelada monkeys were studied. GPS points of their predominant behavioral activities were recorded daily every 15 minutes from 7:00 to 18:00 for 12 days every month. A total of 5,592 individual activity records were obtained from 2312 scan samplings taken over 120 study days. Feeding comprised 54.52% of the activity time, followed by moving at 20.67% and socialization at 11.95%. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed that the time allocated to different activity types varied significantly over the year with the month (Roy’s Largest Root = 2.7, F4,22 = 13.2, p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.653). The longest mean monthly travel distance was 2817.61 ± 582.57 m, recorded at the Cliff/rocky habitat during the wet season. Gelada monkeys’ daily range length and home range size extended more in the dry season. These findings may be explained by reduced habitat quality associated with livestock grazing, agricultural expansion, and charcoal production. Therefore, appropriate conservation measures should be implemented to minimize such adverse effects and conserve the endemic Gelada Monkey.
The Sign of Jonah
Authors: Oltvai Kristóf
Published: October 2023

The dialectical-theological origins of the politically- and ethically-charged concept of alterity are well-known within the philosophy of religion. Intellectual histories of this concept tie it too exclusively to the notion of distance or διάστασις in Karl Barth’s early Römerbrief, however, and so miss Barth’s Trinitarian reinterpretation of God’s otherness in his later work. Taking as my hermeneutical key a cipher, the ‘sign of Jonah,’ that emerges in Church Dogmatics IV/1, I show that Barth’s mature doctrines of temporality and filiation understand alterity as a moment of divine life. Jesus’ agony in the garden of Gethsemane marks the climax of Barth’s self-reinterpretation: world history inheres within the Christological situation of paternal abandonment. The political-theological conclusions Barth draws from the ‘sign of Jonah’ dovetail with alterity discourses’ antitotalitarian aspirations but suggest that these aspirations’ structural coherence rest on the magisterial Reformers’ Christological and ecclesiological commitments.
The fate of the Najdi manuscripts after the fall of al-Dirʿiyya
Authors: Al-angari Hamad ibn Abdallah
Published: October 2023

This paper seeks to shed light on the copying of manuscripts in Najd in central Arabia during the period prior to the fall of al-Dirʿiyya in 1818 and the fate of those manuscripts after that momentous event. It begins by a consideration of the movement of copying manuscripts in Najd during the era of the First Saudi State in the 18th century, including the reasons for which manuscripts were copied, the types of manuscripts copied, and the sources of those manuscripts. Attention is then given to the effect the fall of al-Dirʿiyya had on intellectual life in Najd, including the destruction of the existing book repositories and the transfer of many manuscript copies outside the borders of Najd, or their total loss or destruction. This paper will attempt to offer answers regarding the fate of those manuscripts, by following the progress of several of them and determining what happened to them. This will be done by consulting the relevant sources, particularly the available archival records, as well as following up on those that are to be found within Saudi Arabia itself or beyond its borders. The article includes a list of Najdi manuscripts preserved worldwide.
Traditional Architectural Techniques in Popular Proverbs of the Najd Region
Authors: ʿAbd Allāh al-Sadḥān Musāʿid ibn
Published: October 2023

This article seeks to examine popular proverbs from the central Arabian region of Najd in order to collect evidence for traditional architecture in the region. It will be seen that popular proverbs are a rich documentary source for understanding architectural heritage, including but not limited to, the types of buildings represented in the traditional built heritage of Najd, the distinguishing characteristics of those buildings, their constituent elements, materials used in construction, tools, and tradesmen. Folk literature in general, and proverbs in particular, are seen are seen to be a valuable, although non-traditional, source of information that springs from the depths of the indigenous culture itself.
Mesoscale Influences of Land Use, Topography, Antecedent Rainfall, and Atmospheric Conditions on Summertime Convective Storm Initiation under Weak Synoptic-Scale Forcing
Authors: Tracy Christopher , Mecikalski John R.
Published: October 2023

Throughout the summer months in the Southeast United States (SEUS), the initiation of isolated convection (CI) can occur abundantly during the daytime with weak synoptic support (e.g., weak wind shear). Centered around this premise, a dual-summer, limited-area case study of CI events concerning both geographical and meteorological features was conducted. The goal of this study was to help explain SEUS summertime CI in weak synoptic environments, which can enhance CI predictability. Results show that spatial CI nonrandomness event patterns arise, with greater CI event density appearing over high elevation by midday. Later in the day, overall CI event counts subside with other mechanisms/factors emerging (e.g., urban heat island). Antecedent rainfall, instability, and moisture features are also higher on average where CI occurred. In a random forest feature importance analysis, elevation was the most important variable in dictating CI events in the early to midafternoon while antecedent rainfall and wind direction consistently rank highest in permutation importance. The results cumulatively allude to, albeit in a muted, nonsignificant statistical signal, and a degree of spatial clustering of CI event occurrences cross the study domain as a function of daytime heating and contributions of features to enhancing CI probabilities (e.g., differential heating and mesoscale thermal circulations).

Significance Statement

Widespread isolated thunderstorms in the Southeast United States summer season with weak synoptic support have been commonly observed. With forecasting these remaining a challenge, a dual-summer intercomparison of geographical/meteorological features with convective initiation events was conducted. Radar data with a minimum threshold for convective initiation detection (35 dBZ) were used. Spatial nonrandomness was discovered with greater event density appearing over higher elevation by midday. Features such as prior rainfall and atmospheric instability/moisture were higher on average where initiation occurred. In a feature importance analysis, elevation ranked higher in the early to midafternoon hours while antecedent rainfall and wind direction ranked highest overall in permutation importance. These results allude to the contribution of localized phenomena to the nonrandomness (e.g., mesoscale circulations).
I Trends in Environmental Activism
Authors: Allen Fidelis
Published: October 2023

There has been an increase in the activities of environmental groups in recent years. Based on the review of forty-five recent scholarly articles on environmental activism, this article focuses on trends in the literature in terms of conceptualization, themes, and directions, as well as it suggests agendas for future research. The article notes climate justice as a key concern for the direction of scholarship on the subject, and covers the themes of the emergence of Green political parties, radical environmentalism, ecological citizenship, violence and non-violence, and social conflict.
AYOLOv7-tiny: Towards efficient defect detection in solid color circular weft fabric
Authors: Kang Xinjian , Li Junfeng
Published: October 2023

This article presents a solid color circular weft fabric defect detection method based on AYOLOv7-tiny. The aim of the development of this network is to enable real-time defect detection in the production of large circular machine fabrics. The network has a good accuracy rate, fast detection speed, and a lightweight model. In the YOLOv7-tiny network, a space-to-depth layer followed by a non-strided convolution layer is introduced to enhance the feature extraction capability, improve image sharpness, address issues such as uneven grayscale and difficult detection of minor defects, and simplify the model complexity while reducing computation. Additionally, we combined the Squeeze and Excitation (SE) and Spatial Attention Module (SAM) based on Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) to construct the Hybrid Attention Module (SC), which is integrated into the YOLOv7-tiny network. The SC module increases the weight of important features, enhances the feature extraction capability, improves image segmentation, and enhances the accuracy of the network's location information. Through extensive experiments with a dataset of large circular machine solid color circular weft fabric defect collected from an industrial site, the results show that AYOLOv7-tiny has a detection accuracy (mean average precision) of 98.7%, a detection speed of up to 333 frames per second, and a computational complexity of only 4.4 GFlops, which is better than the current mainstream surface defect detection models. The detection accuracy, detection speed, and model complexity of the AYOLOv7-tiny network all meet the real-time detection requirements of the industry and have been successfully used for real-time detection of large circular machine fabric defects.
Melchizedek, the Son of Man, and Eschatological Jubilee: The Sin-Forgiving Messiahs in 11QMelchizedek and Mark
Authors: Williams Logan
Published: October 2023

This article asks why Jesus in Mk 2.10 interprets the authority (ἐξουσία/שלטן) of the Son of Man in Dan. 7.14 as the authority to forgive sins. I approach this question by looking at 11QMelchizedek (11Q13). Drawing on a constellation of texts pertaining to jubilee (Lev. 25, Isa. 61.1, Dan. 9.24–27), 11QMelchizedek portrays Melchizedek as forgiving Israel’s sins by his jubilean declaration of ‘liberty (דרור‎)’ (II 6). In light of similar intertextual moves being made in Mark, I suggest that Mk 2.10—‘the Son of Man has authority to forgive sins on the land (ἀϕιέναι ἁμαρτίας ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς)’—invokes the language of the jubilee legislation in Lev. 25.10: ‘you will declare forgiveness on the land (διαβοήσετε ἄϕεσιν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς).’ I conclude that this interpretation of ‘authority’ in Dan. 7.14 stems from an assumed conflation between the Son of Man of Dan. 7.13–14 with the herald messiah of Isa. 61.1, as well as an interpretation of Isa. 61.1 in which the messiah enacts the eschatological forgiveness of Israel’s sins by his jubilean declaration of liberty.
Is cardioplegia system pressure the optimal measure of coronary perfusion during antegrade cardioplegia delivery? A critical review of pressure measurements for optimal antegrade delivery
Authors: Hacker Allison , Maggs Peter , Treanor Patrick , Lilly Kevin , Birjiniuk Vladimir
Published: October 2023

Antegrade cardioplegia is routinely given during cardiac surgery. The delivery of antegrade cardioplegia from the cardiopulmonary bypass machine has many variables. Many perfusionists rely exclusively on cardioplegia system pressure to ensure safe antegrade delivery. Our group reviewed antegrade cardioplegia delivery in 50 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft. The data collected included the cardioplegia system pressure and the patient’s direct aortic root pressure. The analysis of the data found weak correlation between the two pressures with a large mean difference and a wide standard deviation. The results suggest the direct measurement of aortic root pressure as guidance to antegrade cardioplegia instead of relying solely on cardioplegia system pressure.
Face gear drive manufacturing: Pinion/cutter design for a crowned contact pattern
Authors: Hochrein Jonas-Frederick , Güntner Christian , Otto Michael , Stahl Karsten
Published: October 2023

Face gear drives are special angular gears in which an involute pinion and face gear wheel mesh. They enable high transmission ratios in small construction spaces. The face gear is typically manufactured by gear hobbing or gear shaping using an involute pinion-type cutter. Face gear drives with identical pinion and cutter parameters form a conjugated pairing. Conjugate pairings tend to have unfavourable edge contact, which is usually counteracted by geometric flank modifications during manufacture. A common modification technique is the crowning of the flanks. This usually requires changes to the machine kinematics. Due to their geometry and manufacturing process, face gear drives offer an easy way to achieve a crowned contact pattern in the facewidth direction without changing the machine kinematics, making them promising for multiple applications. Using a pinion with fewer teeth than the cutter results in a crowned contact pattern (lead crowning). The position of the contact point along the facewidth can be adjusted by varying the profile shift coefficient of the pinion or the cutter. This paper presents a straightforward method for selecting proper design parameters depending on the contact distances. The contact distances can be estimated analytically to evaluate the chosen design parameters. Example calculations are given as proof of the developed method presented in this paper. Overall, this study offers a novel evaluation strategy for an ideal cutter/pinion design for manufacturing durable face gear drives with optimised contact patterns.
Treatment of active systemic lupus erythematosus with baricitinib: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Lee Young Ho , Song Gwan Gyu
Published: October 2023

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of baricitinib in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register to find relevant publications. Using data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs), we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the safety and efficacy of baricitinib in patients with active SLE who did not respond well to standard treatments.

Results

A total of 1849 individuals (1235 experimental participants and 614 controls) from three RCTs on baricitinib were included. A reduction of ≥ 4 points from baseline in SLEDAI-2K score in the baricitinib 4 mg group was greater than the placebo group’s reduction (odds ratio [OR] = 1.407, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.123–1.763, p = .003). The baricitinib 4 mg group significantly outperformed the placebo group in terms of SLEDAI-2K remission of arthritis or rash (OR = 1.327, 95% CI = 1.059–1.663, p = .014). Other effectiveness outcomes such as the SRI4 response did not substantially improve in the baricitinib 4 mg group when compared with the placebo group. And there were no significant increase in the efficacy outcomes in the baricitinib 2 mg group than in the placebo group. However, there was a substantially higher incidence of severe adverse events (SAE) and serious infections in the baricitinib 4 mg group (OR = 1.493, 95% CI = 1.002–2.225, p = .049; OR = 2.303, 95% CI = 1.147–4.622, p = .019) compared to the placebo group. There were no differences between the baricitinib 2 mg and placebo groups in any of the safety outcome data.

Conclusion

Meta-analysis reveals that baricitinib 4 mg is beneficial for treating active SLE in terms of a reduction of ≥ 4 points from baseline in SLEDAI-2K score and SLEDAI-2K remission of arthritis or rash. However, the higher frequency of SAEs and serious infections was observed in the group receiving baricitinib 4 mg.
The Political Economy of Gig Work in the Pandemic: Social Hierarchies and Labour Control of Indian Platform Workers
Authors: Nair Gayatri
Published: October 2023

This article examines capital–labour relations within location-based gig work in India, with a focus on the COVID-19 pandemic. The crisis of the pandemic exacerbated unemployment and created opportunities for platform services to expand, as consumers relied on digital platforms for their needs. This article assesses conditions across three gig services—food delivery, ride hailing and beauty work—based on interviews with 23 gig workers in the Delhi–National Capital Region in India and five organizers of gig worker collectives. The article discusses how workers’ incomes were cut even as they were exposed to higher risks to health and safety, and was accompanied by higher control exerted over their labour ostensibly for the safety of consumers. This control—both algorithmic and bodily—over workers derived its legitimacy from social hierarchies of caste and class between workers and consumers, and between workers and the platform. The article reveals a remarkable similarity in how workers fared across sectors, despite different classifications as essential or non-essential services. It establishes the significance of the pandemic to amplifying processes of labour commodification and labour control in gig work, ultimately contributing to antagonism between platforms and workers and to an emergent class politics of gig workers.
India–Zimbabwe Relations: Recalibrating the Failing Engagement
Authors: Mujuru Fradreck Jockonia , Singh Ningthoujam Koiremba
Published: October 2023

The India–Zimbabwe relations are rampant with obdurate omissions, commissions, misinformation, and proper attention, hence dismally productive. This investigation pins down the dismal relations to Zimbabwe’s economic quagmire, the inseparable China–Zimbabwe relations, Zimbabwe’s diplomatic isolation and the effects of sanctions enacted by the US and other Western countries. With both primary and secondary sources, an interpretive approach is used to generate and analyse data. The study outlines prospects that can recalibrate India–Zimbabwe relations, especially in the new dispensation era of Zimbabwe after Mugabe. The possibilities include leveraging the available business opportunities, energy and mineral resources, security, regional cooperation and conflict management, knowledge exchange, institutional building, and social cohesion.
Oral Lymphatic Malformations: A 21-Year Retrospective Study in a Single Institution
Authors: Bezerra Hélen Kaline Farias , Leonel Augusto César Leal da Silva , Martins Hélder Domiciano Dantas , Carvalho Elaine Judite de Amorim , de Castro Jurema Freire Lisboa , Bonan Paulo Rogério Ferreti , Perez Danyel Elias da Cruz
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Oral lymphatic malformations are uncommon lesions. This study assessed the clinicopathological and sociodemographic features of oral lymphatic malformations in a Brazilian oral pathology service. Methods. Between 2000 and 2021, all oral lymphatic malformations diagnosed in a single oral pathology service were selected for the study. Clinical data, such as age, sex, site of the lesion, clinical presentation, diagnosis clinical, and the type of biopsy were recorded from the patient’s clinical charts. Results. From 7554 oral lesions, 17 (0.22%) were oral lymphatic malformations. This lesion similarly affected both sexes, and the mean age of the patients was 16.5 years. The tongue was the most common site (n = 13; 76%). The mean size of the lesions was 17 mm. Oral lymphatic malformations were asymptomatic for 29% of the patients. Clinically, most lesions appeared as a reddish, sessile nodule, with a pebbly surface. In addition, the clinical and histopathological diagnoses agreed for most lesions (n = 11; 64%). The type of biopsy performed was excisional in 41% of lesions. Conclusions. In summary, oral lymphatic malformations present a low prevalence among the oral lesions diagnosed in an oral pathology service. Moreover, they affect equally both sexes, especially young patients, and usually appear as an asymptomatic or symptomatic nodular swelling on the tongue.
Researching Sensitive Topics With Children and Young People: Ethical Practice and Blurry Boundaries
Authors: Ellis Katie , Hickle Kristine , Warrington Camille
Published: October 2023

Despite representing a vast and global concern, the narratives of children who experience child sexual exploitation (CSE) and access associated services are marginalised within research. As an outcome, relatively little is known about how children cope with the impact and consequences of their experiences. This paper draws together methodological insights from researchers reflecting upon three distinct pieces of qualitative fieldwork conducted with children and young people considered ‘vulnerable’ to, and ‘at risk of’, CSE. In doing so, we seek to recognise the challenges encountered when conducting research with vulnerable populations and explore the ‘blurry boundaries’ that researchers tread in order to balance competing power dynamics. This paper will discuss potential safeguarding concerns that arise when conducting sensitive research and will share our experiences of supporting young people to take part in research around child sexual exploitation. We will reflect upon the research process to highlight some of the strategies adopted to enable young people to engage in data collection safely. We consider the dynamic ethical practices that take place in the moment of research encounters, alongside the framework of procedural ethics, to conclude that both are fundamental to enable meaningful participation in research.
‘It must be right, I saw it on TV!’: An observational study of third stage birth practices in popular television programmes
Authors: Dawda Gati , Weeks Andrew D , Bewley Susan
Published: October 2023

Objectives

To examine modern media depictions of the third stage of birth in a selection of UK television representations.

Design

Observational study of a sample of televised fictional and real births, audited against current National Institute of Health and Social Care Excellence (NICE) guidance.

Setting

UK television channels BBC ( Call The Midwife and This Is Going To Hurt) and Channel 4 ( One Born Every Minute).

Participants

87 births from 48 episodes, sampled from the three shows.

Main outcome measures

The primary outcome was the number of births where the cord was clamped at more than 1 min after birth. Secondary outcomes included place and type of birth, measures of dignity and paternal involvement.

Results

Overall, the timing of cord clamping was clearly shown in 25/87 (29%) of births, of which only 4/25 (16%) occurred at more than 1 min in screen time. The place of birth and caesarean section (CS) rate changed according to the series perspective and era; graphic explicit images were shown, but these related to CS detail.

Conclusions

UK television shows have accurately depicted changes in place, culture and type of birth over the last century. They provide the public with a view of new rituals but an inaccurate picture of good quality care. Early cord clamping was shown in most births, even those set after 2014. No programme informed viewers about the safety aspects. When showing outdated practices, broadcasters have a public health duty to inform viewers that this is no longer recommended.
Collaborative Augmented Reality in Higher Education Settings – Strategies, Learning Outcomes and Challenges
Authors: Upadhyay Bhargav , Brady Camden , Madathil Kapil Chalil , Bertrand Jeffrey , Gramopadhye Anand
Published: October 2023

Augmented reality (AR) has the potential to enhance the learning experience of students by providing collaborative, interactive, and immersive environments. This paper reports a systematic literature review focused on examining the research studies on the use of AR in higher education from January 2018 to October 2022, specifically in the context of collaborative learning. The initial search resulted in a total of 2537 studies, of which 20 were analyzed for final review. The main findings suggest that learning using AR-enabled collaborative learning benefits students’ overall knowledge gain, improves task performance, reduces task errors, and provides a positive collaboration experience in higher education settings. This article concludes by discussing the implications of these findings and their use as guidelines by educators, designers, and researchers for developing effective collaborative AR learning content.
Experiences with Postdoctoral Training in Human Factors: Mentor and Trainee Perspectives
Authors: Caine Kelly , Catchpole Ken , Sasangohar Farzan , Chen Karen B. , Hegde Sudeep , Souders Dustin , McDonald Anthony , McLaurin Elease J.
Published: October 2023

Postdoctoral training positions are becoming more common in the human factors and ergonomics (HFE) discipline. However, conversations related to training in the HFE discipline have largely focused on undergraduate and graduate education. This panel assembles both postdoctoral mentors and former trainees who collectively have a diverse set of HFE-related postdoctoral experiences. By panelists discussing their experiences, observations, and recommendations related to postdoctoral training with the audience, the panel session will support HFE faculty and students in making more informed decisions about if and how a postdoctoral experience (either as a mentor or trainee) could be a part of their career development in HFE.
Transdisciplinary Team Science: Transcending Disciplines to Understand Artificial Social Intelligence in Human-Agent Teaming
Authors: Fiore Stephen M. , Johnson Matthew , Robertson Paul , Diego-Rosell Pablo , Fouse Adam
Published: October 2023

We provide a transdisciplinary viewpoint on creating artificial social intelligence for human-agent teaming. We discuss theoretical, methodological, and technological insights, drawn from different disciplines, to more fully illuminate how cross-disciplinary research can inform research design and development. We unite ideas spanning human factors, cognitive and computer science, and organizational behavior. Grounding our ideas in real world challenges for human-AI teaming, and via a series of questions designed to facilitate synthesis across disciplines, we illustrate how transdisciplinary team science more effectively asks and answers complex questions on human-agent teaming. Our objective is to contribute to research and development in the field of human-AI and human-robot teaming by emphasizing a more human-centered perspective on AI.
Effects of Traffic Conditions on Driver Takeover Performance and Situational Awareness
Authors: Jia Lesong , Du Na
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to investigate the impacts of oncoming traffic density, surrounding vehicle configuration, and driving lane on drivers' takeover performance and situational awareness in conditionally automated driving. We conducted a driving simulator experiment with 28 participants. Our results showed that high oncoming traffic led to shorter takeover response time and lower situational awareness. Drivers tended to brake more aggressively and had lower collision risks when the traffic was on the front side, and drivers were more likely to ignore traffic from behind and behind side when taking over. Taking over in the right lane on a two-way road led to lower collision risks and smoother driving compared to the left lane. Our results have valuable implications for the design and development of driver monitoring and support systems to improve the safety of conditionally automated vehicles.
A Systematic Review of Challenging Scenarios Involving Automated Vehicles and Vulnerable Road Users
Authors: Deshmukh Aditya , Wang Zifei , Guo Huizhong , Ammar Dania , Sherony Rini , Feng Fred , Lin Brian , Bao Shan , Zhou Feng
Published: October 2023

Automated vehicles (AVs) are of great potential to reduce crashes on the road. However, it is still challenging to eliminate all the possible crashes, especially those with vulnerable road users (VRUs). Thus, in this paper, we conducted a systematic review of challenging scenarios involving AVs and VRUs. We identified 39 relevant papers in the literature and categorized the challenging scenarios into three categories: human factors, environmental factors, and vehicle factors. For each category, we summarized the development, challenges, and potential solutions from the literature. Our findings aim to enhance the safety of VRUs when interacting with AVs, and multiple stakeholders must collaborate to 1) improve AI and sensor technologies and vehicle automation, 2) redesign the current transportation infrastructure, 3) design effective communication technologies and interfaces between vehicles, and between vehicles and VRUs, and 4) design effective simulation and testing methods to support and evaluate both infrastructure and technologies.
Investigating Factors Affecting Electric Vehicle Users’ Procrastination Charging Behavior
Authors: Khaleghikarahrodi Mehrsa , Herrera Santos Jeremy , Lynch-Smith Fatima , Macht Gretchen A.
Published: October 2023

The existence of electric vehicle users who procrastinate their charging activities – delay in charging until a critically low state of charge (i.e., almost empty battery) – is acknowledged in the previous survey studies and data-driven analyses. However, the underlying reasons affecting such behavior have not been explored. This study attempts to justify whether procrastination in charging is due to larger battery capacities and users’ close proximity to charging stations. The results indicate that battery sizes can have a significant effect on EV users’ procrastination charging behavior. This study found that users with battery capacities greater than 21kWh tend to procrastinate charging since they can travel longer distances. The findings will be able to serve a broad range of EV industry stakeholders due to the emerging market and continuous improvement for achieving mass EV adoption.
Development of a Real-Time Trust/Distrust Metric Using Interactive Hybrid Cognitive Task Analysis
Authors: Zhou Shiwen , Yin Xioyun , Scalia Matthew J. , Zhang Ruihao , Gorman Jamie C. , McNeese Nathan J.
Published: October 2023

While there is increased interest in how trust spreads in Human Autonomy Teams (HATs), most trust measurements are subjective and do not examine real-time changes in trust. To develop a trust metric that consists of objective variables influenced by trust/distrust manipulations, we conducted an Interactive hybrid Cognitive Task Analysis (IhCTA) for a Remotely Piloted Aerial System (RPAS) HAT. The IhCTA adapted parts of the hybrid Cognitive Task Analysis (hCTA) framework. In this paper, we present the four steps of the IhCTA approach, including 1) generating a scenario task overview, 2) generating teammate-specific event flow diagrams, 3) identifying interactions and interdependencies impacted by trust/distrust manipulations, and 4) processing RPAS variables based on the IhCTA to create a metric. We demonstrate the application of the metric through a case study that examines how the influence of specific interactions on team state changes before and after the spread of distrust.