bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Práticas integrativas e complementares para controle de náuseas e vômitos em gestantes: revisão sistemática
Authors: Nassif Melissa Santos , Costa Isabelle Cristinne Pinto , Ribeiro Patricia Mônica , Moura Caroline de Castro , Oliveira Paloma Elisama de
Published: October 2022

RESUMO Objetivo: sintetizar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre os efeitos das práticas integrativas e complementares no tratamento de náusea e vômito em gestantes. Método: revisão sistemática, relatada conforme o PRISMA e registrada no PROSPERO. A busca pelos estudos foi realizada em 11 bases/bancos de dados. Para avaliação do risco de viés dos ensaios clínicos randomizados, utilizou-se a ferramenta Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool (RoB 2). Resultados: a amostra final foi composta por 31 artigos, divididos em três categorias: aromaterapia, fitoterapia e acupuntura. Observou-se que a aromaterapia com óleo essencial de limão, cápsulas de gengibre, acupressão no ponto pericárdio 6 foram as intervenções que se provaram eficazes. Menos da metade dos estudos relatou efeitos adversos, sendo que predominaram sintomas de leve intensidade e transitórios. A maioria dos artigos foi classificada como “alguma preocupação” na avaliação do risco de viés. Conclusão as três intervenções mais eficazes para controle de náusea e vômito gestacional foram aromaterapia, fitoterapia e acupuntura, com resultados significativos na avaliação dos estudos individuais.
On the synchronization of banking financial indexes: a wavelet-based approach
Authors: Oliveira Wilson Silva , Matos Paulo Rogério Faustino , Silva Cristiano da Costa da
Published: October 2022

Abstract We add to the discussion on the transmission of business cycles, by modeling worldwide banking sector indices cycle synchronization, accounting for the time-varying and frequency-specific behavior of the variables. Based on the multiple coherence, partial coherence, partial phase-difference, and partial gain, we find regions of strong and significant coherency between NAFTA partners, and in the European core: France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Concerning such trade blocs, we also find strong performance in the period 2010-2012 in all frequencies, a period characterized by the sovereign debt crisis in some European countries.
Tendência de mortalidade por quedas em idosos, no Brasil, no período de 2000–2019
Authors: Gonçalves Ilana Carla Mendes , Freitas Ronilson Ferreira , Aquino Erika Carvalho , Carneiro Jair Almeida , Lessa Angelina do Carmo
Published: October 2022

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a tendência da mortalidade por quedas entre idosos, no Brasil, no período de 2000 a 2019. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, analítico, com delineamento ecológico de séries temporais. Realizou-se uma análise retrospectiva utilizando dados secundários em saúde, extraídos do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM) no período específico. Foram calculadas taxas padronizadas de mortalidade geral e específicas por sexo e faixa etária. Para a observação da tendência de mortalidade, utilizou-se o modelo de Prais-Winsten e taxa de incremento anual (TIA). Resultados: No período de 2000 a 2019, foram identificados 135.209 óbitos decorrentes das quedas em idosos. A mortalidade por queda em geral, no período estudado, foi crescente (β=0,023; p<0,001; TIA=5,45%). Observou-se que tanto o sexo masculino (β=0,022; p<0,001; TIA=5,19%) quanto o feminino (β=0,024; p<0,001; TIA=5,72%) apresentaram tendência crescente. Com relação à faixa etária, os resultados apontaram também para tendência de mortalidade crescente em todos os estratos etários, porém maior em idosos com idade ≥80 anos (β=0,027; p<0,001; TIA=6,38%). Conclusão: Observou-se tendência crescente nas taxas de mortalidade no Brasil durante a série histórica estudada. Esses achados sugerem a importância da definição de uma linha de cuidado para esse segmento etário, tendo como foco a promoção da saúde na pessoa idosa e a prevenção dos riscos de quedas, visando a uma redução no número de óbitos por essa causa e favorecendo a qualidade de vida dos idosos.
Acolhimento em um centro de atenção psicossocial: relato de experiência de um médico em formação
Authors: Bessa Sidney Sheldon Oliveira , Melo Luzimara Gomes , Peixoto Marcelo Torres , Souza Sinara de Lima , Carvalho Rosely Cabral de
Published: October 2022

Resumo: Introdução: Os serviços destinados à atenção psicossocial são essenciais para a garantia de direitos da população assistida e a aquisição de um processo longo, e ainda atual, denominado de Reforma Psiquiátrica, com um desenho de política pública de estratégias e programas para a efetivação de um cuidado voltado para o indivíduo e seu contexto social. Entre as estratégias e os programas, destaca-se o acolhimento como interlocutor dos processos que envolvem o usuário da rede de atenção psicossocial e os serviços prestados pelas unidades de saúde, com ênfase no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial e em particular o álcool e drogas (CAPSad). O presente relato de experiência visa apresentar as nuances do acolhimento presentes nos serviços e nas atividades prestados por um CAPSad de um município do interior da Bahia e a importância dessa vivência para a formação médica. Relato de experiência: As experiências foram apresentadas em quatro momentos: primeiros contatos e a experiência de aproximação com o CAPSad; simpósio sobre o cuidado destinado ao usuário de álcool e outras drogas; acompanhamento de consultas médicas em saúde mental; e realização de atividades em sala de espera e com grupos terapêuticos. Discussão: As experiências sobre o cuidado integral destinado à saúde mental possibilitaram ao estudante de Medicina vivenciar o acolhimento e as singularidades da atenção psicossocial; conhecer as vulnerabilidades das pessoas que fazem uso de álcool e drogas ilícitas; perceber a importância da família no processo de cuidado; participar de consultas médicas baseadas no Método Clínico Centrado na Pessoa; e compreender imprescindibilidade da atenção multiprofissional para a integralidade das ações em saúde. Conclusão: O cuidado integral destinado à saúde mental apresenta-se como um tema desafiador e necessário para a formação do futuro médico. A inserção do estudante na rede de atenção psicossocial favorece os processos voltados para o ensino-aprendizagem e fortalece a integração ensino, serviço e comunidade.
Distribuição da semiologia do adulto nas escolas médicas do Brasil
Authors: Moniz Eliane Teixeira Alfama , Rodrigues Rodrigo Machado Franco , Silva Junior Josué Francisco da , Grosseman Suely
Published: October 2022

Resumo: Introdução: A semiologia é a base da prática clínica e seu ensino é essencial no curso de Medicina. Este estudo foi desenvolvido por haver uma lacuna no conhecimento sobre sua distribuição no Brasil. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a distribuição da semiologia do adulto nas escolas médicas brasileiras. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo realizado com 226 escolas médicas brasileiras que disponibilizavam a distribuição de semiologia na internet entre as 335 ativas, em dezembro de 2020 (67,5%). As variáveis estudadas foram região geográfica, administração, gratuidade e tempo de existência da escola, carga horária do curso, do internato e de semiologia, e ano(s) ou semestre(s) em que a semiologia era ofertada no currículo. A análise dos dados foi descritiva, e analisaram-se as associações com os testes: t de Student, análise de variância, qui-quadrado de Pearson, U de Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis e Wilcoxon. Admitiu-se um nível de significância de p < 0,05. Resultado: A semiologia foi mais frequentemente ofertada apenas no quarto semestre (n = 40), seguida por sua oferta em dois semestres: quarto e quinto e terceiro e quarto. Entre as 226 escolas, 142 integravam os conteúdos em módulos ou eixos (62,8%). Entre 117 escolas que forneciam a carga horária de semiologia, mediana foi de 240,0 horas (P25-75 = 165,4 - 338,2), sem diferença estatística por região geográfica, administração, gratuidade e tempo de existência da escola. A mediana da carga teórica de semiologia [77,5 horas (P25-75 = 51,7 - 123,5)] foi menor do que a carga prática [147,0 horas (P25-75 = 64,5 - 180,0)], Z = -3,99, p < 0,01. A mediana da porcentagem da carga horária de semiologia no curso foi de 2,9% (P25-75 = 2,0 - 4,0). Conclusão: A semiologia é mais frequentemente ofertada no quarto semestre, e sua carga horária não difere por características geográficas, de administração e tempo de existência das escolas estudadas.
Bone Marrow Transplantation: bereavement due to the impact of bodily and psychosocial changes from the perspective of adolescent recipients and their parents
Authors: MONIZ Adrianne , SANTOS Manoel Antônio dos , NASCIMENTO Lucila Castanheira , OLIVEIRA-CARDOSO Érika Arantes de
Published: October 2022

Abstract The diagnosis and treatment of a life-threatening disease have adverse consequences on child development and impact the family. This study aimed to investigate bereavement due to the impact of bodily and psychosocial changes resulting from Bone Marrow Transplantation from the perspective of adolescent patients and their parents. This is a qualitative, descriptive, exploratory, cross-sectional study. Nine dyads (patients and mothers / fathers) were included. Data collection took place through semi-structured audio-recorded interviews. The thematic analysis made it possible to elaborate three categories: losses due to illness; new losses experienced with treatment; learning to appreciate the gains of adverse experience. The results show that transplantation has repercussions that transcend the physical dimension and include social harm, changes in body image, and loss of friends. However, once the radical journey of transplantation is over, the participants positively connoted their experience, identifying benefits that go beyond health recovery, such as emotional maturation, improvement of self-esteem, and the ability to socialize.
Parenting practices and referral to a juvenile psychosocial care reference center
Authors: MENEZES Helena Medina , GOMES Lauren Beltrão , NUNES Carlos Roberto de Oliveira
Published: October 2022

Abstract In this study, the parenting practices of adults who are legal guardians of youths referred to the Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil (Psychosocial Care Center for Children and Adolescents) due to the use of psychoactive substances and/or aggression (Referral Group) were compared with parenting practices of legal guardians of youths who have never been referred to Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil (Non-Referral Group). Forty participants from the Non-Referral Group and 17 from the Referral Group answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Parenting Styles Inventory. Referral Group participants reported lower frequencies of positive monitoring and moral behavior, and more frequent responses related to neglect, inconsistent punishment, and physical abuse. A bivariate logistic regression model showed that having the mother as the legal guardian and primary caregiver was a predictor of non-referral to Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil, with neglect being a predictive factor of referral. The results indicate that differences in parenting practices can be associated with the outcome of referral to mental health services. Therefore, the importance of population interventions focused on promoting positive parenting practices is emphasized.
Seasonal variations in incidence of femoral fractures in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil
Authors: Pavan Bruna Araújo , Zucoloto Miriane Lucindo , Nunes Altacílio Aparecido , Souza Mônica Marin de , Martinez Edson Zangiacomi
Published: October 2022

Abstract Introduction Femoral fractures are a major cause of morbidity and mortality, mainly among older people. Objective To examine the effect of seasonality on hospitalizations due to femur fracture among people residing in the Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil, from 2008 to 2019. Methods Ecological study based on secondary data from the SUS Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS). A total of 74,374 reports of hospital admissions was considered. The generalized additive model (GAM) approach was employed to assess the seasonality of the time series, with stratification by sex and age groups and considering the monthly average number of events of femoral fractures per day as a dependent variable. Results A considerably higher incidence of femoral fractures in women aged 70 years or more was described. Among people aged less than 50 years, there is not an apparent seasonal effect. Men aged 70 years or older and women aged 50 years or older have a higher frequency of hospitalizations due to femur fractures in the colder months. Conclusion Among older people, more femoral fractures occurred during the winter compared to summer. This supports findings from other studies, although reasons for this seasonal variation are uncertain. The knowledge of these seasonal variations can help to plan the health care in the public health system.
"Uma pílula difícil de engolir?” Representações sociais do anticoncepcional masculino no Facebook
Authors: Campos Camila de Melo Lopes , Aléssio Renata Lira dos Santos , Barros Sibelle Maria Martins de
Published: October 2022

Resumo A pílula anticoncepcional feminina é um dos principais métodos contraceptivos utilizados na atualidade; já a pílula anticoncepcional masculina, apesar de ter sido pensada há mais de 50 anos, ainda não é comercializada. O objetivo do presente trabalho é compreender aspectos psicossociais da dinâmica da sociedade em relação a novas formas contraceptivas e examinar se novas formas contraceptivas direcionadas ao corpo do homem seriam acatadas. Em março de 2018, a revista Superinteressante postou em sua página do Facebook uma reportagem sobre uma pílula anticoncepcional masculina que foi bem-sucedida em sua primeira fase de teste. A postagem gerou grande comoção e surgiram muitos comentários expressando diferentes opiniões sobre o assunto. Foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo temático-categorial 294 comentários feitos nessa postagem. Os resultados revelam que esse método contraceptivo masculino aparece inscrito em um sistema representacional que salienta discussões sobre: efeitos colaterais da medicalização, a liberdade feminina, a ampliação da responsabilidade masculina na contracepção/cuidado com os filhos, a desconfiança em relação à postura feminina e outros aspectos que remetem a possíveis avanços científicos e sociais. Os dados analisados não podem ser generalizados, mas apontam para a aceitação de novas formas contraceptivas direcionadas ao corpo masculino.
Reproductive planning in Indigenous area and the search for differentiated care: the dilemmas between inequality and difference
Authors: Ávila Bruna Teixeira , Alves Sandra Valongueiro
Published: October 2022

Abstract Differentiated care is a fundamental principle for a non-colonizing care of the Indigenous populations. One of the challenges within this field is reproductive planning since it involves tensions between collective and individual wills, as well as between authority and autonomy, especially with the more continuous insertion of professionals with the Programa Mais Médicos (More Doctor Program), as occurred in the Yanomami Territory. This article aims to discuss the aspects involved in a differentiated care regarding reproductive planning by comparing the work of health professionals in Indigenous and non-Indigenous areas. Thus, an ethnographic case study was conducted based on participant observation of the teams’ practice, accessed via the Programa Mais Médicos Supervision, and interviews with six professionals, selected for the diversity of their profile. From the content analysis, three categories were identified: difference and inequality, similarities, and challenges. These divisions allows for the notion of physiological comparison, which generates a biomedical approach, encompassing the confusion between difference and inequality, the aspect responsible for favoring colonization and the denial of rights - and even the understandings of professionals about the culture - which permeates the intercultural dialogue.
Towards Critical Studies of Disabilities: engaging Latin American theoretical perspectives on Congenital Zika Syndrome
Authors: Greiner Rosamund
Published: October 2022

Abstract Infection with the Zika virus during pregnancy can cause disability, yet disability remains under theorised in studies on Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS). Existing studies are largely exploratory and descriptive in nature, and thus a deeper analysis is needed. Where theory has been applied, there is limited engagement with Latin American theoretical perspectives. The social construction of disability, and of caregiver identity in particular warrant further analysis. Understanding that disability is constructed through an ‘ideology of normality’ can help make sense of parents’ reactions to a diagnosis of CZS. Caregivers resistance to biomedical narratives about disability is apparent in the case of CZS and deserves further attention. Consideration has been given to the ways that social location and shared temporality in relationships of care shape caregiver identity. Here I read these together to reach a fuller understanding of how caregivers and the people they care for develop a shared embodiment. An analysis bringing together Latin American Critical Disability Studies with other critical theoretical perspectives can advance theorisations of disability and the experiences of caregivers in their social, political, economic and historical contexts.
Absence of Trichinella spp. larvae in carcasses of road-killed wild animals in Paraná state, Brazil
Authors: Jurkevicz Rafaela Maria Boson , Silva Douglas Aparecido da , Ferreira Neto José Maurício , Matos Andressa Maria Rorato Nascimento de , Pires Bárbara Giglio , Paschoal Aline Ticiani Pereira , Pinto-Ferreira Fernanda , Bracarense Ana Paula Frederico Loureiro , Mitsuka-Breganó Regina , Freire Roberta Lemos , Navarro Italmar Teodorico , Caldart Eloiza Teles
Published: October 2022

Abstract Trichinella spp. are zoonotic parasites that are widely distributed in warm-blooded carnivores and omnivores, including humans. Until the present moment, Brazil has been considered by World Animal Health Organization free from the domestic cycle of trichinellosis, whereas the parasite’s sylvatic cycle has the status of infection in limited zones. However, neighboring countries such as Argentina have reports of parasite larvae in the wild fauna. The present study aimed to determine the occurrence of Trichinella spp. in road-killed wild animals in Paraná, Brazil. Biological samples from 71 wild animals—29 Didelphis albiventris, 11 Nasua nasua, ten Cerdocyon thous, seven Dasypus novemcinctus, six Leopardus guttulus, six Sphiggurus spinosus and two Puma concolor—collected from November 2016 to November 2021 were subjected to artificial digestion, following the methodology described in the REGULATION (EC) No. 2075/2005. No Trichinella spp. larvae were detected in the carcasses of the road-killed wild animals. However, considering the wide spectrum of possible reservoirs that could act as a link between the sylvatic and domestic cycles and considering the current Brazilian status of sylvatic trichinellosis in limited zones, frequent monitoring of wild fauna remains necessary.
COMMUNITY, COALITION BUILDING, AND CAREER DECISION-MAKING SELF-EFFICACY: A CASE STUDY OF COLLEGIATE WOMEN IN AVIATION
Authors: Morrison Shannon McLoughlin , McNair Amber Woodburn
Published: October 2022

In 2021, the number of women choosing to pursue a career in aviation remained strikingly low and the aviation industry remained coded as a traditionally male space. For instance, of those who hold the necessary certification to fly for a commercial airline, only 4% omen. For example, looking across the industry, women remain an underrepresented group as maintenance technicians, dispatchers, and chief executive officers. Since existing research indicates a connection between perceived self-efficacy and career decision making-ularly, in relation to women-in this case study we asked the following question. How does a career-planning cohort that is compensated, communal, exploratory, and gender-centric contribute to the perception and articulation of career self-efficacy for collegiate women interested in aviation careers? The research project recruited 25 collegiate women at a large R1 institution to participate in an aviation career cohort. The primary purpose of the cohort was twofold: first, it was designed as a space where women students could share and record their perceptions of career decision-making self-efficacy; and second, it created a sense of community among collegiate women with similar career interests. The research team used elements of a phenomenographic theoretical framework supported by feminist scholarship on narrative and storytelling to analyze the participants' narrative experiences. The findings suggest that opportunities to build community and coalition factor into how cohort participants perceived and articulated their sense of self-efficacy when making a decision about aviation careers.
An elasto-plastic numerical analysis of THM responses of floating energy pile foundations subjected to asymmetrical thermal cycles
Authors: Ng Charles W. W. , Zhao Xudong , Zhang Shuai , Ni Junjun , Zhou Chao
Published: October 2022

Although end-bearing energy pile foundations subjected to symmetrical thermal cycles have been extensively studied in the laboratory and in the field, the mechanisms underlying the thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) interactions in floating energy pile groups and rafts, especially when subjected to asymmetrical thermal loads, are not well understood. In this study, an advanced thermo-mechanical bounding surface model was implemented in finite-element (FE) code to investigate the THM interactions of a two-by-two floating energy pile group and pile raft, focusing on asymmetrical thermal cycles. Computed results are compared with published centrifuge model test results in soft clay. It is revealed that the irreversible volumetric contraction of the soil adjacent to the energy piles accumulates with each thermal cycle, resulting in a decrease in the horizontal stress and hence shaft resistance of the floating piles. During thermal cycles, the stress states of the soil around the energy pile shaft and the soil beneath the pile toe approach the critical state line along different paths. The induced temperature in the soil adjacent to the non-energy pile (NEP) is 5°C lower than that in the soil at the energy pile EP1, which is flanked by the other two energy piles EP2 and EP3. Consequently, the induced excess pore pressure in the soil at the NEP is approximately 20% smaller than that in the soil at EP1. The irreversible volumetric soil contraction at the NEP is about half that at EP1, resulting in approximately 45% less toe settlement. The thermally induced ratcheting settlements of the head and toe of the NEP are less than those of the energy piles, resulting in unacceptable ratcheting tilting of the floating energy pile group. However, the excessive tilting can be reduced by the use of a pile raft.
Uncertainty About the Condonation of Formally Non-Compliant Wills, and the Rectification of Cross-Signed Mirror Wills: Is an Act-Based Model the Solution?
Authors: Faber James
Published: October 2022

A recent contribution proposed a processual act-based approach to conceptualising wills in South African law. This approach regards a will as the product of a will-making process in which various parties perform specific acts with specific associated forms of intention in order to establish a will. The act-based model also paves the way for the introduction of an intent doctrine in South African law. This article tests the functioning of the proposed act-based model by applying it to two scenarios: the condonation of formally non-compliant wills in terms of section 2(3) of the Wills Act and the rectification of cross-signed mirror wills in terms of the common law. Both scenarios continue to be plagued by uncertainty as a direct consequence of the lack of a proper definition, explanation and contextualisation of testator's intention in South African law. Regarding condonation, it is found that, because the courts are often left guessing or speculating as to testator's intention, they inevitably overemphasise other aspects such as the form of the document to establish intention for the purposes of condonation in terms of section 2(3). An act-based model could ensure that the decision to condone or not to condone relies solely on whether the document embodies the act of testation. If the act of testation is found to be present (no matter in which shape or form, or by whom it was drafted), the document embodying such an act should be condoned. In terms of rectification, in turn, the act-based model highlights the important distinction between content and formality – the act of testation as opposed to compliance with the statutory formality requirements through the execution of a will. It appears that rectification is appropriate only where an error has caused a discrepancy between the testator's true intention and the intention as expressed in the act of testation contained in the will. Rectification seems less appropriate when dealing with cross-signed wills, which are the result of a flawed execution process. Instead, condonation is much better suited for correcting the formal non-compliance of cross-signed wills.
The Legal Relevance of Nature-based Solutions for Sustainable Urban Development in South African Secondary Cities
Authors: Hattingh Heloize
Published: October 2022

South Africa, like many other countries worldwide, strives for sustainable development. Increasing urbanisation and climate change are two of the main drivers of the global pursuit of sustainable development. Nature-based solutions have been receiving increasing attention as a possible way not only to move cities towards environmental resilience but also to aid them in their efforts to achieve sustainability. Nature-based solutions use natural structures and ecosystems to address certain challenges experienced in and around cities and share a clear link with sustainable urban development. Nature-based solutions further aim to address social issues such as human well-being, environmental issues such as loss of biodiversity, and economic issues such as food insecurity, while sustainable urban development requires the integration of social, ecological and economic factors. Secondary cities in South Africa have been found to be located advantageously to aid development in both urbanised and more rural areas. Sustainable urban development in these cities, and possibly nationally, could be promoted using nature-based solutions, but South African law needs to be receptive thereto. This note aims to highlight briefly how and to what extent the country’s environmental law as applicable to local government is attuned to the idea of nature-based solutions for sustainable urban development with a focus on secondary cities.
Defining the Urban Edge - A Guide to its Implementation for Sustainable Development
Authors: Govindjee Urmila
Published: October 2022

As relics of the legacy of apartheid, the boundaries of cities have expanded exponentially. The notion of the urban edge has therefore been introduced as a planning tool to prevent further sprawl and has become an integral part of spatial planning. Court judgments provide guidelines for the interpretation of the notion, but they do not give direction regarding how it should be implemented. Various factors, both planning and environmental, impact on the success or failure of the implementation of the urban edge. It is also a Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act 16 of 2013 (SPLUMA) requirement that the drafting of the Spatial Development Framework (SDF) (which may incorporate an urban edge) must consider environmental management instruments. The demarcation and periodic review of an urban edge is an important and complex exercise. The writer submits that an acceptable definition of it is necessary to help resolve the difficulties involved in this process. Section 24 of the Constitution (which is indicative of a compact and sustainable urban environment) requires consideration, as do the interdependence of urban and rural areas. Having a uniform definition of the urban edge would be useful as a guideline to municipalities when demarcating and managing it. As the urban edge may be depicted in a municipal SDF in terms of SPLUMA, and as it is a planning tool, it is recommended that the definition be established by and included in SPLUMA. The definition proposed below incorporates various elements found in existing definitions.
High burnout among the South African orthopaedic community: a cross-sectional study
Authors: O'Connor M , Ferreira N , Smith M , Webster P , Venter G , Marais L
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND: Burnout is epidemic among physicians, with the orthopaedic speciality displaying one of the highest rates of burnout in international studies. The burnout rate of the South African orthopaedic community is unknown. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and causes of burnout, as well as the coping mechanisms and associations with burnout, in South African orthopaedic surgeons and trainees METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional, secure, online survey of members of the South African Orthopaedic Association. The survey assessed demographic characteristics, workload, professional fulfilment and burnout (utilising the Stanford Professional Fulfilment Index), associated workplace distress conditions, causes of and coping strategies for burnout. A response was not compulsory for any question. Statistical analysis was performed to assess for independent associations with burnout RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-six respondents, with a median age of 46.5 years (interquartile range [IQR] 37-58) participated. Ninety per cent (139 of 155) of respondents were male. Registrars accounted for 17% (27 of 155), while 83% (128 of 155) were qualified specialists. Respondents were in orthopaedic practice for a median of 17 years (IQR 9-28). Sixty per cent (76 of 127) practise in private, 17% (22 of 127) in public and 23% (29 of 127) in both sectors. The overall burnout rate was 72% (113 of 156). Burnout was associated with being the parent of young children and having fewer hours of sleep on call. Registrars were more likely to have burnout than consultants (OR 5.68, 95% CI 1.3-25.2). Gender, practice setting and subspeciality were not associated with burnout. Self-reported causes of burnout that were found to be associated with actual burnout were: 'hours at work', 'lack of free time' and 'work-life imbalance'. No self-reported coping mechanisms were found to be protective in this cohort, but the use of alcohol as a coping mechanism was associated with an increased likelihood of burnout (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.4-10.7). Respondents felt that the concurrent experience of the COVID pandemic at the time of running the survey reduced their experience of burnout CONCLUSION: The burnout rate in the South African orthopaedic community is 72%. Trainees were found to be particularly vulnerable. There appears to be a need to develop, assess and implement effective system-related initiatives aimed at reducing the burnout rate among orthopaedic surgeons and trainees in South Africa Level of evidence: Level 4
Minding the Protest: Attitudes towards different forms of protest action in contemporary South Africa
Authors: Bohler-Muller Narnia , Roberts Benjamin James , Struwig Jare , Gordon Steven Lawrence , Radebe Thobeka , Alexander Peter
Published: October 2022

This article focuses on providing new insights into the nature of public opinion about protest action in South Africa. Since the mid-2000s the country has experienced one of the world’s highest levels of popular protest and strike action, combined with the recent resurgence of an active student protest movement. Sociological research into these protests has suggested that they represent distinct phenomena and that local protests have assumed plural forms that cut across simple violent/non-violent and orderly/disorderly binary distinctions. Despite the rapid growth of literature on South African protests, surprisingly little is known about public opinion relating to various forms of protest. Consequently, this article aims to examine differences with regard to the acceptability, perceived effectiveness and participation in respect of three categories of protest action, namely orderly, disruptive and violent protests. The article uses data from a protest module included as part of the 2016 round of the South African Social Attitudes Survey, a nationally representative series conducted annually by the Human Sciences Research Council. Apart from determining the nature and extent of variation in opinion regarding the three types of protest action on aggregate, the article explores patterns of similarity and differentiation across societal groups, based on class, age, race, gender and geography. Finally, we analyse how and for whom perspectives on the three forms of protest have changed over the course of a generation by drawing on functionally equivalent data collected in 1995. The article concludes by reflecting on whether the evidence supports key hypotheses regarding the ‘rebellion of the poor’1 in the country.
Frequency and turmoil: South Africa's community protests 2005-2017
Authors: Alexander Peter , Runciman Carin , Ngwane Trevor , Moloto Boikanyo , Mokgele Kgothatso , Van Staden Nicole
Published: October 2022

This article reports on the frequency and turmoil of South Africa’s community protests from 2005 to 2017, which, taken together, have been called a ‘rebellion’. It defines ‘community protest’ as protests in which collective demands are raised by a geographically defined and identified ‘community’ that frames its demands in support/and or defence of that community. It distinguishes between ‘violence’ and ‘disorder’, which has produced a novel three-way categorisation of turmoil, namely ‘orderly’, ‘disruptive’ and ‘violent’ protests. Drawing on the Centre for Social Change’s archive of media reports, the largest database of its kind, and by comparing its data with details gleaned from the police’s Incident Registration Information System (an unrivalled source of protest statistics), the article reveals a rising trend in frequency of community protests and a tendency towards those protests being disorderly, that is, disruptive and/or violent. In the process of advancing this position, the authors offer a critique of other attempts to measure the number and turmoil of community protests.
Spatial N-glycomics with MALDI-MSI for human kidney tissue v2
Authors: Velickovic Dusan
Published: October 2022

This protocol describes the procedure to obtain high quality MALDI mass spectrometry images of N-linked glycans from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue. This protocol is optimized for human kidney biopsy tissue as part of the Kidney Precision Medicine Project.
New Possibilities of Queuing Systems with Time Delay
Authors:   olga State University of Telecommunications and Informatics, Samara, 443010, Russian Federation, Tarasov V. N.
Published: October 2022

From the classical theory of queuing, it is known that the average delay of requests in the queue is directly proportional to the variances of random intervals between arrivals of requests and service time, which means that it depends quadratic on the coefficients of variation of these random variables. Classical QS are applicable only in the case of fixed values of these coefficients of variations, which is a serious limitation for them. In contrast to the classical theory, the article presents the results of research on QS described by distribution laws shifted to the right from the zero point. Such a transformation of distribution laws with the introduction of a time shift parameter increases the mathematical expectations of random arrival and service intervals. This, in turn, reduces the coefficients of variation of time intervals, and, consequently, the average delay of requests in the queue will decrease many times depending on the value of the shift parameter. In the previous works of the author, spectral solutions and calculation formulas obtained on their basis for the average delay of requests in the queue for a set of QS with time delay are presented. These systems are obtained using four distribution laws used in queuing theory: exponential, hyperexponential, Erlang and hyper-Erlang. It has been theoretically and practically proven that in systems with a time delay, the average delay is less than in classical systems with the same load. Taking into account the Little formulas that fix the dependence of such QS characteristics as the average queue length, the average number of requests in the system, and the average residence time of requests on the average delay, we obtain an important feature for systems with delay. The distribution law shift parameter can regulate the average delay, and through it the other characteristics of the QS.
On the Quality of Dispatching of Mondrian-Type Arrays in Grid Systems
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Rostov-na-Donu, Taganrog, Russian Federation, Saak A. E. , Kureichik V. V. ,   Southern Federal University, Rostov-na-Donu, Taganrog, Russian Federation
Published: October 2022

Grid systems of centralized architecture, with multisite dispatching, characterized by the ability to execute a multiprocessor application on several parallel systems simultaneously, are modeled by a resource quadrant. The user's request for maintenance by the Grid system dispatcher is modeled by a resource rectangle with horizontal and vertical dimensions, respectively, equal to the number of time and processor resource units required to fulfill the request. Due to the exponential complexity of the optimal distribution of computational and time resources, heuristic algorithms of polynomial complexity based on the operations of dynamic integration of resource rectangles in the environment of resource rectangles are of practical value. The quality of dispatching is evaluated by a non-Euclidean heuristic measure that takes into account the area and shape of the occupied resource area. The quality of dispatching arrays of exact form with applications requiring approximately the same work, understood as the product of the number of required processors at runtime, is analyzed. In this paper, the quality of six polynomial-level algorithms is evaluated when dispatching arrays with applications of approximately the same area equal to the product of the number of required processors at the time of execution of the application. The adaptability of the analyzed algorithms is demonstrated on seven test arrays induced by Mondrian squares. Such arrays contain circular, hyperbolic and parabolic type applications. It is shown that the smallest value of the heuristic measure of H-level algorithms in length is 0.76, whereas in V-level algorithms in height, the smallest value of the heuristic measure is 0.83. At the same time, the H-level algorithm in length with a minimum deviation has the lowest value of the maximum of the heuristic measure of 0.5 + 0.59 on the test arrays of resource rectangles under consideration. When servicing arrays of exact forms with applications of approximately the same measure in Grid systems, it is recommended to use the considered polynomial H-level algorithm in length with minimal deviation.
Intelligent Multipath Routing in Software Defined Networks Based on Ant Colony Optimization Algorithms
Authors:   Ryazan State Radio Engineering University, Ryazan, Russian Federation, Perepelkin D. A. , Ivanchikova M. A. ,   Ryazan State Radio Engineering University, Ryazan, Russian Federation, Nguyen V. T. ,   Ryazan State Radio Engineering University, Ryazan, Russian Federation
Published: October 2022

The software defined networks (SDN) are a modern trend in building of new generation computer networks. The SDN provide flexibility and control in management of data flows in the network, as well as requirement level of quality of service for applications. An approach to intelligent multipath routing in SDN based on ant colony optimization algorithms is proposed in this paper. Research and analysis of two types of ant colony optimization algorithms was carried out: ant system (AS) and ant colony system (ACS). The visual software system SDNLoadBalancer was developed and the experimental SDN topology was designed. They make it possible to research in detail the processes of multipath routing in SDN based on the proposed approach. Also comparative analysis of the proposed approach, results of the Yen algorithm and the genetic algorithm was carried out. The results of experimental research show the effectiveness of the use of ant colony optimization algorithms in solving the problem of multipath routing in SDN, allow to obtain results close to optimal in an acceptable time, and also reduce the transmission delay jitter in the network.
Risky Obliviousness Within Fragmented Services: Experiences of Families With Disabled Children During the Covid‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Snæfríðar- Gunnarsdóttir Hrafnhildur , Ólafsdóttir Tinna , Björnsdóttir Kristín
Published: October 2022

Living on an island in a pandemic has its obvious advantages. However, in a globalised economy, border restrictions cannot keep the COVID‐19 virus completely at bay. Despite coordinated efforts at infection control and extensive vaccination, Iceland, a sparsely populated island in the north, was placed among the countries in the highest risk category by the ECDC. In this article, wereport a qualitative study carried out at the peak of the fourth COVID‐19 wave in 2021, when the pandemic had severely hit the Icelandic social and healthcare system, with a record‐breaking number of infections. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with parents with seven disabled children. Guided by feminist standpoint theory and critical disability studies, we focused on how service structures affected and shaped parents’ and children’s experiences during the first waves of the pandemic. The findings suggest that the pandemic intensified the already precarious position of the families. During the pandemic, the gaps in the already fragmented services widened, and the families were left to navigate this new reality on their own. Preventive measures enforced by municipalities and healthcare services centred on non‐disabled people’s experiences and needs. Unprepared service systems distanced themselves from the families while maintaining governance and supervision over defining their need for support.
Disabled People’s Experiences of the Coronavirus Pandemic: A Call to Action for Social Change
Authors: Read Stuart , Parfitt Anne , Bush Tanvir , Simmons Ben , Levinson Martin
Published: October 2022

The Coronavirus pandemic has caused significant disruption and change in most aspects of society, and there are concerns that disabled people may be particularly disadvantaged. This article, written by disabled activists and non‐disabled allies, shares data extrapolated from focus groups regarding the lived experiences of twelve disabled people and disability allies during the Covid‐19 pandemic, eleven of whom were based in the UK, and one based in Iraq. We describe the key issues and learning points from this data, arguing that the measures taken by the government and organisations to protect the public during the pandemic have instead brought to the fore long‐standing ableist narratives regarding which bodies are valuable in society. This ableist agenda has acted to control and silence the voices of disabled people by objectifying disability and defining “pre‐existing health conditions” as being more expendable, and therefore less worthy of attention during the pandemic. In presenting our position for change and call to action, we will argue that it is only when disabled people’s experiences and voices are heard in decision‐making that policymakers can begin to learn from the inequalities that have been demonstrated through the pandemic. Here, we will introduce our Wellcome Trust‐funded “We Are the People” Disability Research Collective programme (2021–2026). This programme develops a new disability activist‐led research network, whereby disabled people can conduct research into topics that are important to them.
DEVELOPMENT OF HOSPITALITY IN HISTORICAL RETROSPECTIVE: EUROPEAN AND UKRAINIAN CONTEXT
Authors:   Kamianets-Podilskyi National Ivan Ohiienko University, Kamianets-Podilskyi, Ukraine, Opria Bohdana , Opria Ihor ,   Kamianets-Podilskyi National Ivan Ohiienko University, Kamianets-Podilskyi, Ukraine
Published: October 2022

The aim of the article is to identify the main features of hospitality, their manifestations, and their significance for the development of the accommodation and catering industry from ancient times to the present in the European and Ukrainian contexts. The research methodology is based on the use of general scientific (analytical and synthetic, inductive and deductive) and special historical (historical-comparative, problem-chronological, retrospective, diachronic) methods. Analytical and synthetic methods were used in identifying individual facts, phenomena, trends, and their further systematization in a logical sequence to argue certain assumptions, statements, and conclusions. Special historical methods were used in the process of highlighting the facts related to the development of hospitality in their chronological order and in comparison between different regions of the world to identify common trends. Results. The formation of hospitality traditions began with the first cultural and economic communications between representatives of different communities. These traditions included respect for the guest and providing him with the necessary safe living conditions. Over time, the elements of hospitality have become the basis of an extensive and profitable industry, which includes not only accommodation and food, but also entertainment and leisure, but such changes have occurred relatively recently, with the transformation of tourism into a mass phenomenon. Hospitality has played in the past and continues to play an important role in preserving and restoring national identity. Ukrainian national identity, which is changing very slowly and imperceptibly for its bearers, is becoming one of the features of the national character and includes elements of traditional folk hospitality. The history of the development of accommodation and catering shows the important role of hospitality as an integral factor of intercultural communication both in ancient times and in the modern world. Victory in the modern market of tourist services is possible only based on taking into account the historical specifics of traditional folk hospitality and its combination with today's trends in the hospitality industry. The scientific novelty is to determine the features of hospitality and their implementation in accommodation and catering establishments over a long time in comparison with the European and Ukrainian experiences. The practical significance is to draw the attention of the hotel and restaurant industry to the importance of hospitality, which has become an essential component of a successful business element.