bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
METHOD OF LABORATORY ANALYSIS FOR OIL SHALE ASSAY
Authors: Adim Herlan
Published: March 2024

Oil shale is much commoner than is generally realized, occuring on every continent and in every geological system. They are misnamed, but it is unlikely that any more appropriate name will be acceptable either to geologists. Few important deposits actually consist of shales and even fewer have yielded any oil. In the conventional sense most "oil shale" is actually bituminous, nonmarine limestones or marlstones containing kerogen. Only a few marine examples can be properly described as shales. The common composition involves about 50 percent of mineral carbonates by weight. A variety of silicates may also be present, possibly derived from the reaction of circulating alkaline waters with volcanic debris.
INFLUENCE OF THE CATALYST ACIDITY ON THE HYDROCRACKING OF MINAS VACUUM DISTILLATE INTO MIDDLE DISTILLATE.
Authors: Nasution A.S.
Published: March 2024

Hydrocracking process is probably the most versatile of modern petroleum process. This versatility has been achieved by the development of specific families of catalysts, of processing schemes designed to allow these catalysts to function efficiently and optimal refining relationships between hydrocracking and other refinery processes. A study was conducted to determine the hydrochocking of Minas vacuum distillate into middle distillate with the operating conditions : temperature: from 390° to 410°C pressure : 100 kg/cm2 and H2/HC ratio = 1000 lt/lt. A catatest unit operated in a continuous system was used in these experiments. The experimental data show that the conversion of the feedstock, the actuation energy and the product characteristics of" Minas vacuum distillate hydrocracking depended on the operating temperature and the acidity of the catalyst, And low acidity of Ni-Mo/Al2 03SiO2 catalyst produce a high selectivity of middle distillare.
THE 4th ASCOPE LABORATORY TEST CORRELATION PROGRAMME FOR FUELS BY SAMPLE CODES : A.2/X/82, D.2/Y/82
Authors: Pangarso Subardjo
Published: March 2024

The properties of commercial products are measured by standardized laboratory test methods to check their Conformance to specification            Two or more measurements of some property of a specific sample by any given test method usually will not givee precisely the same answer.             Therefore, Laboratory test correlation of the specific sample is necessary to be done on the expected precision, accuracy of the test results and the uniformity of interpretative, to step on the credibility of the testing Laboratory.             This is a paper on the conduct and the results of the fourth ASCOPE (ASEAN Council on Petroleum) Cor mellation Programme for fuels were carried out on two kinds of samples.
Contributions of Participatory Leadership in Achieving Sustainable Organizational Performance/ An Exploratory Study of The Opinions of Teachers in a Number of Colleges at the University of Duhok
Authors: Shamo omar , Basher Iman
Published: March 2024

The study aimed to identify the contributions of participatory leadership in achieving sustainable organizational performance in a number of colleges at the University of Dohuk from the point of view of teachers. The study used the descriptive and analytical method, based on collecting data through a questionnaire that included two parts: the first to measure participatory leadership through the dimensions expressed, The second is to measure sustainable organizational performance through its dimensions as well. The study population consisted of (6) colleges, and the study sample amounted to (156) teachers, who were selected by a simple random method, and the statistical programs (AMOS V24) and (SPSS V26) were relied upon to analyze the data. The results of the study also showed that the two variables of the study (participatory leadership and sustainable organizational performance) in their dimensions are available in the field under study, in addition to identifying a positive and significant correlation between the two variables of the study, in addition to the presence of a positive and significant effect of participatory leadership on sustainable organizational performance. Based on the results, the researchers proposed a set of recommendations, the most important of which is the necessity of developing and empowering teachers in the studied colleges with the aim of increasing their experience and increasing their professional growth, developing the activities of teaching staff in the researched colleges and sustaining their performance to bring about change and improvement that is reflected in the quality of their services.
The impact of exchange rate regulations on Iraq's merchandise exports for the period 1990-2019
Authors: Zweed Kasim , Shimran Azhaar
Published: March 2024

The exchange rate has great importance in all global economies because of its clear impact on macroeconomic variables and its prominent role in controlling the volume of foreign trade, especially exports. Therefore, it is possible to know the status of the country’s trade balance if it is in favor of exports, and this means achieving a surplus, and if it is in favor of imports, then it achieves a deficit. The exchange rate is one of the most important monetary policy tools that the state has to protect the national economy from the external influences to which it is exposed. Therefore, the importance of the research comes from the necessity of explaining the economic effects of exchange rate systems and their role in developing commodity exports. As for the research problem, it has shown the extent of the impact of exchange rate systems as a variable. It is independent in the dependent variable represented by merchandise exports, while the research hypothesis focused on an important question: Do exchange rate systems have an impact on the overall national economy? The research aimed to demonstrate the impact of the exchange rate on commodity exports to Iraq. The research methodology in the analysis was based on shifting from the deductive approach in analyzing the theoretical side of the research to the inductive approach that aims to estimate the efficiency of commodity exports through statistical data. The research concludes with the standard statistical approach and the use of standard analysis methods by relying on a program to analyze data on exchange rate fluctuations and their impact on commodity exports to Iraq. The research relied on temporal and spatial boundaries. The temporal boundaries covered the time period between 1990 and 2019, while the spatial boundaries focused on Iraq. The structure of the research consisted of three sections: The first section: The theoretical framework of the exchange rate system. The second section: The development of drainage systems in Iraq. The third topic: the reality of commodity exports in Iraq. The fourth topic: econometric analysis of the data under study.
The role of exchange rate systems in enhancing the competitiveness of the Egyptian economy for the period 1990-2019
Authors: Zweed Kasim , Shimran Azhaar
Published: March 2024

The issue of competitiveness is of increasing importance with the expansion of the scope of economic globalization and the emergence of modern theories of international trade. Achieving export competitiveness has become a goal pursued by all countries. The importance of research in explaining the competitiveness of the Egyptian economy in the international market and the role of this in developing the country’s merchandise exports in light of the intensity of competition is complemented by the importance of research in explaining the competitiveness of the Egyptian economy. Among the global economies, as for the research problem, it stems from the extent of the impact of building a competitive Egyptian economy and the role it plays in enhancing its commodity sources. The research hypothesis focused on several hypotheses, including: Does Egypt have the capabilities to build competitive premiums, and is it possible for Egyptian commodity exports or to deal with the exports of other countries in the international market in While the research aimed to demonstrate the possibility of building a competitive economy in light of existing capabilities, the research methodology relied on shifting from the deductive approach in analyzing the theoretical side of the research to the inductive approach that aims to estimate the efficiency of the Egyptian economy and the possibility of creating a competitive advantage for it through statistical data and analysis of this data and indicators. Egyptian economic competition and its impact on merchandise exports to Egypt. The research concluded with the standard analysis of this data. As for the limits of the research, the research relied on temporal and spatial boundaries. The temporal boundaries were represented by covering the period between the years 1990 and 2019. As for the spatial boundaries, the research focused on Egypt. As for the structure of the research, it was It consists of three sections. The first section focused on the theoretical and conceptual framework of competitiveness and exchange rate systems. The second section only dealt with the development of exchange rate systems in Egypt, while the research concluded in the third section, which focused on the econometric analysis of the data under study.
Critical Survival Lessons for Small Businesses : What Kahnawake Based Entrepreneurs Have Learned
Authors: Oppenheimer Robert J. , O'Connell Tom , Abraira Ron
Published: March 2024

The basis for this article is the experience of a number of entrepreneurs at Kahnawake, Quebec.
They originally reported what they did in a series of videotaped interviews conducted by Ron
Abraira and initiated by Tom O’Connell. These tapes were developed for and are being used as
part of an ongoing training program to help those interested in starting or expanding a business in Kahnawake.
A range of businesses have been selected, all of which have been operating for at least three years. Morgan’s Lobster is a wholesaler of lobsters. Favors is a retailer of party supplies. Johnny’s Coffee Cup is a coffee shop. Old Malone’s is a restaurant. Tentsations rents tents and related supplies. Digital Dreamcatchers creates Web sites and provides related support services.
Gender Analysis of the New Federal Framework for Aboriginal Development: Discussion Guide and Annexes
Authors: Whiteduck Francine , Peebles Dana
Published: March 2024

[...]it outlines ways in which the FFAED can integrate a gender-sensitive, cultural approach to economic development and demonstrates the value-added benefits of using a gender analysis to inform programming decisions. Key finding of the analysis offer the following conclusion: * Aboriginal women and men experience different conditions in life and as a consequence women will have significantly different access than men to the resources and benefits offered by the Framework. * The three spheres for development (Activation, Base, and Climate) proposed in the Framework should be strengthened to be more inclusive of women. * Research and analysis on existing structures is necessary to formulate the foundation for understanding how women are impacted by economic development. * Revisions to policies, strategies and options that gave rise to the Framework can help establish a culturally-based, gender sensitive approach. The Access and Control Framework is based on an analysis of the division of labour by sex in the reproductive, productive, and community spheres of the economy and on an analysis of the differential access that women and men have to the resources and benefits involved in the economic development process. The first is that this economic development needs to be gender-sensitive, meaning that any approach to economic development needs to be based on and informed by a sound understanding and prior analysis of the differences between Aboriginal women and men's socio-economic conditions and challenges in life and in the economy, and the nature of their respective contributions to the economy.
Have We Made Any Progress in the Struggle to Make First Nation Poverty History? A 40-Year Perspective
Authors: Wuttunee Wanda , Wien Fred
Published: March 2024

The late 1700s and the early 1800s were marked by displacement, starvation and the continuing ravages of disease, sharply reducing First Nation population numbers and setting the stage for widespread incursions on First Nation lands as well as exclusion from access to natural resources.6 Yet, regionally specific histories suggest a gradual regrouping in the late 1800s and early 1900s as the Indigenous population carved out a place on the margins of the White economy, working as guides to hunters, domestics in homes, workers in canning factories and labourers in brick plants.7 Others managed to continue their traditional subsistence life style. The intergenerational effects of the residential schools require investments in individual, family and community healing and represent a significant challenge for community development * The continuing loss of access to lands and resources through the incursion of immigrant populations, the treaty process and the nonfulfilment of treaty provisions, and through the process of regulation (e.g., migratory birds, hunting and fishing, logging) * The relocation and displacement of communities from their traditional lands as a result of centralization policies or the construction of hydro electric dams The Great Depression seemed to knock the pins out from under the meagre employment gains that had been made in earlier decades. While necessary on humanitarian grounds in the short term and a welcome change from the rejection of appeals in earlier decades, it proved to be a short-sighted and limited approach to the challenge of First Nation poverty in the longer term. [...]order, there were many responses to the document, among the most thoughtful the 1971 statement issued by the Indian Tribes of Manitoba, titled Wahbung: Our Tomorrows.
2008 Economic Developer off The Year Award Winners
Authors: Mah Delilah
Published: March 2024

Each year CANDO awards the Economic Developer of the Year Award to an individual Economic Development Officer (EDO), a community and an Aboriginal Private Sector Business. LOUIS JOE BERNARD INDIVIDUAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPER OF THE YEAR AWARD WINNER Louis Joe is a member of the Mi'kmaq Tribe of Indians residing at We'koqma'q First Nation, Nova Scotia. Aboriginal Economic Development Initiatives I have initiated the Community Analysis and Assessment for We'koqma'q First Nation, along with the Economic Development Strategic Plan for the Union of Nova Scotia Indians. KAMLOOPS INDIAN BAND (TK'EMLUPS INDIAN BAND) COMMUNITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPER OF THE YEAR AWARD WINNER Community Profile The Kamloops Indian Band (Tk'emlups Indian Band - TIB) is located in the Southern interior of British Columbia (BC) at the confluence of the North and South Thompson Rivers.
Determinants Of Success Among Indigenous Enterprise In The Northern Territory Of Australia
Authors: Nikolakis William
Published: March 2024

The focus of this research is on nous development (IED) in the Northern Territory of Australia, much of it on inalienable and communal Indigenous land. Indigenous enterprise development is said to be different from other forms of enterprise development because of the legal rights of Indigenous peoples and because of particular cultural attributes, which are found to shape notions of success and approaches to development. A total of fifty six in-depth, face-to-face interviews were conducted with experts or opinion leaders on IED in the region. The findings in this research emphasize that certain cultural attributes may act to constrain successful enterprise development, but can be integrated into an enterprise through changes in enterprise structure, or practice, to support successful economic outcomes. Four categories of factors that support the development of successful Indigenous enterprise are identified: developing business acumen, integrating culture within the enterprise, separating business from community politics, and greater independence from government. While definitions of success varied across the region there were common objectives for Indigenous enterprise, such as eliminating welfare dependency and maintaining a link to land. Ultimately, success for Indigenous enterprise was deemed to be business survival, but in ways that are congruent with each Indigenous community's values.
Job Satisfaction And Aboriginal Labour Mobility Among Nonreserve Populations: An Overlooked Variable?
Authors: Adams Christopher
Published: March 2024

With a focus on the non-reserve Aboriginal population of Manitoba, this article examines the extent to which job satisfaction influences labour mobility. The study incorporates into the analysis a comparison of this factor to such other variables as job security, gender, age, education, as well as Aboriginal identity (i.e., First Nations, Métis, etc.). The author concludes that among those who are employed in the non-reserve population, two variables stand out as being statistically significant in association to mobility: age and job satisfaction. At the same time, many other variables in this population of employed individuals do not stand out as being statistically significance, most notably gender and education. It is hoped that this paper will further discussions among policy makers and program strategists regarding the "whys" behind population mobility rather than simply the "who" when addressing issues involving labour mobility. This study therefore pertains directly to the topics of demography, human resources, and social policy as they together apply to Métis, non-status Indians, and First Nations people residing off-reserve. The results for this study are based on a random and representative sample of 1,019 self-identified Aboriginal respondents, of which 362 were employed full-time at the time of the interview and were residing in a non-reserve community in Manitoba.
Benchmarking Trends In Aboriginal Forestry
Authors: Bailie Anna , Parungao Robert , Ouellette Melanie , Russell Chantelle
Published: March 2024

The forest has long been a central component of the culture of Aboriginal Canadians, and opportunities for economic development in Aboriginal forestry are emerging in several areas. The amount of forest assets managed by Aboriginal peoples has been increasing as well as the types of business relationships Aboriginal peoples are engaged in are expanding. However, the development of Aboriginal capacity in the forest sector is varied. The educational and skill-levels of Aboriginal workers in forestry is improving, but the average age of the Aboriginal workforce has steadily increased, which reflects a rapidly aging underlying demographic. While the median total income for Aboriginal workers in the forest sector has increased, the number of Aboriginal workers in the forest sector has steadily declined. Further, average income drastically varies depending on whether an individual is on or off-reserve. The earnings of off-reserve Aboriginal forestry workers are very close to those of their non-Aboriginal counterparts, while on-reserve forestry workers are earning less than half of what non-Aboriginals make. Benchmarking these trends is important as it facilitates the continued tracking of the role of Aboriginal peoples in the forest sector as it changes and new areas of opportunity develop.
Nation Building Through Lands Management: Application of the Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development to Canada
Authors: White-Wilsdon Michelle
Published: March 2024

The research findings of the Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development and the principles of Nation Building arising from the Harvard project have been central to the progression of new policy on Aboriginal Economic Development. However, key differences exist between American Indian Tribes and Canadian First Nations that warrant concern about the appropriateness of using American-based research findings as the basis of policy development for Aboriginal people in Canada. This paper demonstrates that the Harvard principles can be extrapolated into a Canadian context through an analysis of the statutory requirements under the First Nations Lands Management Act and a comparison to the Nation Building Model as defined by the Harvard Project. This article will also recommend specific research activities that will test the effectiveness of the Nation Building Model in Canada (1) to ensure that responsible policies are based on Canadian-based research, and (2) to strengthen the business case for increased financial investment by the Government of Canada to support best practices in First Nations lands management and economic development.
Employment Patterns 2009–2010 In Canada: A Dark Cloud for Aboriginals with a Silver Lining
Authors: Oppenheimer Robert J.
Published: March 2024

The Canadian economy grew in 2010, compared with 2009 and employment rates increased marginally. However, the picture is different for Canadian Aboriginal peoples living off reserve, as they experienced a decline. Data is unavailable for those living on reserves. The decline in employment levels was the case for both men and women in all age categories, except for women from 15 to 24. There was also a decline in Aboriginal employment rates in seven of the ten provinces. In contrast the three territories experienced an increase. In 2010 Aboriginals had a lower employment rate than non-Aboriginals in all ten provinces and the three territories and in every age group, except for women over 55. However, a meaningfully different picture appears when employment rates are examined by educational level. The higher the educational level the higher the employment level. This applies to both Aboriginals and non-Aboriginals. Further, there is only a minimal difference in employment levels between Aboriginals and non-Aboriginals, when examined by their educational level. One conclusion is that education appears to be a path for greater employment.
Aboriginal Employment: Improved in 2011, but still has a ways to go
Authors: Oppenheimer Robert J.
Published: March 2024

Employment is an important indicator of economic development. The Aboriginal employment rate in Canada increased to 55.8 in 2011, from 53.7 in 2010. This was an increase of 19,700 jobs. It increased more for Aboriginal men than for women in 2011. The strong relationship between higher levels of education and employment highlights a clear path for improving employment rates. Ontario experienced the greatest increase in employment with 8,800 new Aboriginal jobs in 2011, with employment growing in every province except Prince Edward Island, where it was flat. It was basically stable in the three territories. The sectors experiencing the greatest increases in employment were in retail trade and in manufacturing.
Aboriginal Tourism: St. Eugene Mission, BC
Authors: Pedersen Thea
Published: March 2024

[...]a tourist organization's primary service could be providing luxurious accommodations, but to guarantee success, it is likely to employ other industries including catering facilities, transportation services, and souvenir retailers. (2007) states, "much of the harm that has been perpetuated by dominant society on Indigenous people has been, and continues to be, based on ignorance" (p 3). [...]if such projects are able to adequately educate tourists about contemporary Aboriginal issues with respect to historical events, the presence of hostile negative relationships between Aboriginal and non Aboriginal people will be lessened, as ignorance regarding Aboriginal issues becomes something of the past. The St. Eugene Mission, located on reserve land near Cranbrook British Columbia, offers tourists a 4.5 star rated experience with access to an 18-hole golf course, a licensed casino, a gourmet restaurant, and of course luxury accommodations. Pierre refers to the period between the school closure and the re-opening as a "huge white elephant" (Pierre, 2009, p. 42), as it levied high monetary costs for the five bands to keep it running without any benefit to the community.
Inspiring Aboriginal Youth Achievement: One Path to Business School
Authors: Pomart Peter
Published: March 2024

In recent years, however, numerous development and renewal projects have begun to change the physical landscape of the North End - most notably on Selkirk Avenue. Due to her extensive corporate experience, she was tasked with co-coaching the school's teams for E-Spirit, which is a national business plan competition for Aboriginal youth developed by the Business Development Bank of Canada (BDC). In 2008, however, Paul Martin's Martin Aboriginal Education Initiative approached Children of the Earth and assisted in the creation of an elective credit course that enabled the teams to develop their business plans from concept through to completion - and receive a credit towards their graduation - without interfering with their family responsibilities. In March 2012, Lenny was selected to participate in the Aboriginal Business Students - Western Roundtable discussion, as organized by Cape Breton University's Purdy Crawford Chair in Aboriginal Business Studies, in Edmonton Alberta.
Aboriginal Land Tenure Reforms In Canada: A Discussion of “Beyond the Indian Act”
Authors: Newhouse David , Shpuniarsky Heather
Published: March 2024

In the words of Hernando De Soto, the co-chair with Madeline Albright of the UN Committee for Legal Empowerment of the Poor, "You don't have to travel to Zambia or Peru to see dead capital. All you need to do is visit a reserve in Canada. First Nation people own assets, but not with the same instruments as other Canadians. They're frozen into an Indian Act of the 1870s so they can't easily trade their valuable resources."
Land Management On Individually Held Lands Under The Indian Act Reserve Land Tenure System: Experiences from the Penticton Indian Band
Authors: Brinkhurst Marena , Philip Joan , Rutherford Murray B.
Published: March 2024

This paper is based on case study research with the Penticton Indian Band (PIB) that examined the land management implications of individual landholdings (Certificates of Possession, CPs) on First Nations reserves under the Indian Act, both historically and today. We summarize the history of the landholdings system on PIB's main reserve and report on how CPs impact PIB's contemporary local land management. We also discuss PIB's efforts to adapt its land tenure and management systems locally while continuing to operate within the overall land management framework of the Indian Act; efforts that make PIB's experiences particularly interesting for other First Nations and their land managers, federal officials and policy makers, and researchers. Our objective in this paper is to complement and broaden existing research on CPs by focusing on land management challenges from PIB's experiences.
2013 Economic Developer of the Year Award Winners
Authors: Bamford Morgan , White-Wilsdon Michelle
Published: March 2024

Dakota Dunes Hotel development; Dakota Dunes Golf Links expansion for a Club House; Saskatoon Tribal Council Casino Holdings, and; Whitecap Commercial Real Estate development. Darrell is currently a Board Member for the MidSask Community Futures and Regional Economic Development Corporation; the Saskatoon Tribal Council Casino Holdings Corporation; Dakota Dunes Golf Links and Ideas Inc. Darrell believes in preserving a strong sustainable community and works with the Whitecap Dakota First Nation Chief and Council to make Whitecap Dakota First Nation a lead and best practice to achieving economic success. In 2002, Chief and Council sought to establish a new corporate structure that would position the First Nation for future growth and development opportunities, generate wealth and employment, and that would protect the First Nation from any negative consequences should any of the business enterprises not succeed. Cando Economic Developer of the Year Award Winner Aboriginal Private Sector Business Category Erasmus Apparel Erasmus Apparel is an Aboriginal-owned company located in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories that embodies the hard-working and adventurous spirit that makes the north and its residents a most wonderful place.
Winnipeg’s First Urban Reserve & Long Plain First Nation’s Economic Development
Authors: Bezamat-Mantes Charlotte
Published: March 2024

In the long run, the urban reserve might give the band the means to increase its governmental autonomy and reinforce its sovereignty. Since it increases the bands' territorial jurisdiction at the expense of the federal, provincial and municipal governments, it is also the source of a power struggle between them. [...]it demonstrates that the conversion to reserve of the parcel in Winnipeg takes place within a larger strategy implemented by the band and how it participates in achieving the latter's goals. [...]this article addresses the obstacles left to face for the success of this strategy. [...]Long Plain has been in the process of adopting a land code since January 2012 to enter the First Nation Land Management Regime.
Collaborative Aboriginal Economic Development: The Unama’ki Economic Development Model
Authors: Tulk Janice Esther
Published: March 2024

The environmental impact of this industry included "more than a million tonnes of contaminated soil and sediment" deposited in four areas in the vicinity of the former steel mill: "North and South Tar Ponds; Former Coke Ovens property; An old dump uphill from the Coke Ovens; [and] A stream that carried contaminants from the Coke Ovens to the Tar Ponds" (Sydney Tar Ponds Agency "Project"). The UEBO has grown to include seven full-time staff members, including an executive director, a director, a training coordinator, two training support/job coaches, a finance officer, and an administrative assistant (Unama'ki "Contact"). Since the UEBO responds to the needs of the communities and other stakeholders, staff positions are added or removed as necessary. A Priorities and Planning Committee representing the Sydney Tar Ponds Agency and the local First Nation communities is comprised of the president of the Sydney Tar Ponds Agency, a senior federal representative of Public Works and Government Services Canada (PWGSC), a senior provincial representative of Transportation and Infrastructure Renewal, and the executive body (co-chairs of the steering committee and executive director and director of the UEBO). The ASEP board consists of the five Unama'ki chiefs; representatives of Public Works and Government Services Canada, the provincial Department of Labour, the Sydney Tar Ponds Agency, Ulnooweg Development, and Mi'kmaq Employment Training Secretariat (METS); senior industry representatives; the executive body (with executive director and director of the UEBO ex officio); and a representative of Human Resources and Skills Development Canada (ex officio).
Aboriginal Women, Mining Negotiations and Project Development
Authors: LaBelle Stephanie
Published: March 2024

Community benefits need to be tangible, we have to see them [...] job-sharing, transferable skills, IBAs [Impact and Benefit Agreements], MOUs [Memorandums of Understanding], partnerships, joint ventures. According to Marion, anticipated benefits from mining came from creating joint ventures: Challenges with Participating in Mining During the discussion, Marion identified the particular challenges of being a new outfit in the mining industry and the community and indicated that she intends to make connections with other communities looking to become involved in creating joint ventures in mining: [...]you go into negotiations for an IBA, for me, it is important that you start thinking about reclamation right away; you don't put it in as an afterthought. Because it is so important, the environment is so important to us, our land is important, and so is the future of our people.
Community-based Enterprise as a Strategy for Development in Aboriginal Communities: Learning from Essipit’s Forest Enterprises
Authors: Beaudoin Jean-Michel , Bouthillier Luc , Bulkan Janette , Nelson Harry , Wyatt Stephen
Published: March 2024

There is growing evidence of the socioeconomic importance of Aboriginal forest enterprises. Aboriginal groups that decide to opt-in to the market economy still face significant challenges. One critical challenge is the matter of harmonizing community members' needs with market requirements. Drawing on a case study in the Essipit Innu First Nation in Canada, this paper examines the successes attained by an Aboriginal community-based enterprise (ACBE) strategy in enhancing sustainable local development. Our results indicate that the community had access to, and expanded, human, natural, social and financial capital. Findings also show that Essipit defines success not only in economic terms, but also through a wider array of goals. This research shows a path towards Aboriginal economic success. It emphasizes the importance of developing a model that is integrated into the community and the local culture.
Rethinking the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework: An Indigenous Perspective
Authors: Kamal Asfia Gulrukh , Martens Tabitha , Mechisowin Ithinto
Published: March 2024

Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF), a widely used analytical tool originating from development studies, aims to identify livelihoods dynamics and suggest solutions for marginalized populations. In this article we argue that a fixed asset model defined within the sustainable livelihoods framework limits adequate understanding of Indigenous culture and livelihoods and therefore fails to acknowledge the historical power imbalances. By making a critical analysis of the term "capital" used in the sustainable livelihoods framework, we argue that for an ethical understanding of development politics, the sustainable livelihoods framework should be supple and accord with a culturally appropriate analysis, definition and terms. This paper presented its argument based on O-Pipon-Na-Piwin Cree Nation's perspective on sustainable livelihoods and relationships.
Aboriginal Employment in 2015: A Year of Negative Results
Authors: Oppenheimer Robert J.
Published: March 2024

The employment, participation, and unemployment rates for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginals in 2015 are compared with the changes that have occurred, primarily from 2014. The changes in all three of these rates were disappointing for Aboriginals in 2015. The employment and participation rates decreased and the unemployment rate increased. Employment data is examined by gender and age, educational level, provinces, regions and territories and by economic sector.
Creating Indigenous Economies: A Nation Building Model
Authors: Asp Jerry P. , Molodecky Sonya , Hemmat Samane
Published: March 2024

In history as well as in mythology, the Tahltan Indian people have always been acknowledged as the original inhabitants of the Stikine River watershed in northern British Columbia. Even though our people have lost the monopoly position of business in our own country, we are still active on many business fronts. Our present tribal objective is to increase our participation in all business that develops within the borders of our tribal territory so that we can again enjoy a self-sustaining, healthy and enterprising economy.
Aboriginal Employment and Wages in Canada: A Decade of Positives and Negatives
Authors: Oppenheimer Robert
Published: March 2024

The employment and participation rates for Aboriginals improved in 2016 over 2015, while the unemployment rate remained the same. However, Aboriginals, as well as non-Aboriginals, have not reached the 2007 levels they were prior to the recession of 2008- 2009. Wages have improved annually and in most years at a rate greater than the consumer price index. This applies for Aboriginals and non-Aboriginals, except in 2016, when wages were basically unchanged for Aboriginals. In general, the rates of employment, unemployment, participation and wages are more favourable for non-Aboriginals than for Aboriginals. However, when examined by the level of education completed, employment rates are similar. Employment and wages are examined for the previous ten years, focusing on changes in 2007, which was prior to the recession, in 2010, immediately after the recession and in 2015 and 2016. Gender, age and educational differences are discussed.
The Geographic Dispersion of Aboriginals in Quebec and Its Economic Limitations
Authors: Ramsay Charles-Albert
Published: March 2024

This paper discusses the state of economic activity in Aboriginal Quebec, Canada, focusing on the size of settlements both on-reserve and off-reserve. Size is an important variable in understanding the economic possibilities of a community. Data is also presented for off-reserve Aboriginals living in big cities and in smaller towns. Findings show there are relatively few Indigenous people in Quebec and that they are scattered across many distinct nations. Most Indigenous people on-reserve live in very small settlements. Most towns in Quebec hold an Indigenous community, albeit not necessarily visible. Most Indigenous people off-reserve live in larger centres (Greater Montreal, Gatineau, Quebec City). The Outaouais region, on the north-shore of the Ottawa River, is a unique part of Quebec with its high percentage of Indigenous populations living off-reserve.
Aki Energy: A Case Study of Aboriginal Social Enterprise
Authors: Sharpe J. Arno
Published: March 2024

This case study is an exploration of AKI ENERGY, an Aboriginal social enterprise based in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Aki Energy's vision includes a future for Canada's Aboriginal people built on community economic development and renewable energy. A discussion of Aki Energy's activities requires that confronting a number of issues, including: archaic regulatory models, development's historic relationship with assimilation, the often misunderstood niche that social enterprise occupies, and the necessity for development to alleviate some of the economic issues facing Canada's Aboriginal peoples. To understand Aki Energy's perspective, Mr. Shaun Loney, Aki Energy's director of development, was interviewed.
Contextualizing Lessons Learned from Sharing Knowledge-Building Relationships: Aboriginal Experiences in the Cross-Cultural Workplace
Authors: Kwantes Catherine T. , Stonefish Twiladawn , Adair Wendi L. , Weir Warren
Published: March 2024

Questioning, seeking information and understanding, and ultimately learning, always occurs within a context, and that context affects what questions are asked, how information and understanding are sought, and ultimately, what learning occurs. Knowing the place, the time, and the people involved in any quest for understanding is to know more about how the learning took place and how new understandings were developed. The larger context for the lessons from research that was facilitated through the Sharing Knowledge-Building Relationships: Aboriginal Experiences in the Cross-Cultural Workplace gathering reported elsewhere in this volume (Adair, Kwantes, Stonefish, Badea, & Weir, this volume) is important to consider as it shaped the questions, methods and learning. Personal experiences and societal context prompt questions, inform seeing, and impact understanding. This article, therefore, seeks to set the context for the information shared at this 2 day gathering with a focus on Aboriginal experiences in the workplace, setting the stage for understanding the time and the place for the learning that took place, by explicating the societal context, the location, and the activities of this event.
Stronger Together: First Nation Community/Municipality Collaborations
Authors: Wuttunee Wanda
Published: March 2024

First Nations communities are struggling for the most part, in the areas that promote well-being and form the basis for a vigorous economic profile. OCN member and Special Projects officer, Paskwayak Business Development Corporation, Duncan Lathlin calls the Friendship Accord a strong foundation in the partnership that opened needed dialogue (Personal Communication, June 9, 2017). According to Roque, another example of the collaboration having impact, is on the way they do business. [...]The Pas' community development corporation (CDC) which focuses on municipal business was resurrected but didn't stop there.
“What About the Salmon?” A Critical Analysis of the Pacific Northwest LNG Project in British Columbia
Authors: Beattie Hillary A.
Published: March 2024

This paper explores the ecological, social, and political implications of the Pacific Northwest liquefied natural gas (LNG) project, which was approved in September 2016 to be built on Lelu Island, British Columbia. The paper situates this LNG project in Canada's settler colonial history and in recent debates over pipelines in British Columbia. Following a description of the approved project, the paper explores the perspectives of industry leaders, government officials, environmental experts, and First Nation communities. Industry leaders support the development, citing economic growth and a reduction in global carbon emissions as benefits. Governments officials largely agree with industry leaders, stating the project would create jobs. They also argue that the project would have limited environmental impacts. However, environmental experts disagree, stating that the project would increase global carbon emissions and have irreversible damages on the local environment. Finally, First Nation communities are divided: some see the project as an economic opportunity while others believe it will result in environmental degradation. However, despite the range of concerns raised by these actors, significant issues have been overlooked. The paper explores these oversights, which include the fact that 'buried' colonial epistemologies underlie the debate and that Lelu Island is unceded Indigenous territory. Overall, the research presented in this paper suggests that the project should not precede until (all) members of the affected First Nation communities have been properly consulted.
In Defence of Indigenous Participation in Capitalism
Authors: Sommers L. Javed
Published: March 2024

Much Indigenous studies scholarship asserts that Indigenous peoples must reject capitalism. On the other hand, many (scholars and non-scholars alike) assume that the success of Indigenous communities depends on their willingness to uncritically embrace capitalism. Utilizing Kevin Bruyneel's The Third Space of Sovereignty, this article argues that First Nations can both demand "rights and resources from the liberal democratic settler-state" and challenge "the imposition of colonial rule." In other words, First Nations can simultaneously participate in capitalism and further their sovereignty, and Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation provides an example of how this might be done.
Investigation into the Vocabulary and their Origin of the Poems in the 3rd Grade Turkish Textbooks and Workbooks
Authors: BAY Yalçın , AKINCI Sıla
Published: March 2024

A good Turkish education is necessary in order to raise generations who can use their language correctly and effectively. This education is usually given from the Turkish textbooks of the Ministry of National Education, which are used in schools and considered as the primary source. However, the adequacy and comprehensiveness of the number of Turkish words in the textbooks is a controversial issue. In this study, it is aimed to determine the number of letters, syllables, words and different words in the poems calibrated in Turkish 3rd Grade Textbooks and workbooks by Private Publication (PP) and the Turkish 3rd Grade textbooks and workbooks prepared by Ministry of National Education Publications (MoNE) via using the document review method, which is one of the qualitative research methods, and to find the origins of the words in the poems. According to the findings obtained in the study, there are total of 719 words, 606 different words, 1770 syllables and 4278 letters in total in 13 poems in PP Turkish 3 coursebooks. 78.84% of these words are Turkish, 21.16% of which are words of foreign origin. There are 789 words, 649 different words, 1876 syllables and 4551 letters in total in 14 poems in MoNE1 Turkish 3 coursebooks. It is seen that 71.82% of these words are Turkish and 28.18% are foreign words. There are 281 words, 231 different words, 684 syllables and 1662 letters in total in 7 poems in MoNE2 Turkish 3 workbooks. It is seen that 78.76% of these words are Turkish and 21.24% are foreign words. It is assumed that the results of the research will give ideas to review the textbooks and to develop different techniques in vocabulary teaching.
The Influence of Project-Based Learning Models on Collaboration Skills and Science Learning Outcome for Junior High School
Authors: Sarjani Luh Putu Welly , Suastra I Wayan , Subagia I Wayan
Published: March 2024

The aim of this research was to analyzed the differences in collaboration skills between students taught with a project-based learning model and conventional learning model in science subjects. The type of research includes quasi-experiments with a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design. The sampling technique used was nonprobability sampling. The population consisted of eleven classes in class VII, and the sample used was four classes. The research instruments were observation of collaboration skills and learning outcomes tests. The data obtained were collaboration skills scores and pretest and posttest scores on temperature and heat material. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques and inferential analysis (one-way MANOVA) with a significance level of 5%. Before testing the hypothesis, prerequisite tests are carried out (normality, homogeneity of variance, covariance, linearity, and correlation between variables). The results showed that significant differences in collaboration skills and science learning outcomes both simultaneously and separately between students taught using the project-based learning model and students taught using the conventional learning model with a p value <0.05. Referring to the results, it was concluded that there were differences in collaboration skills and learning outcomes between students who were taught using the project model, which was better than the conventional model
After a few months, what are the uses of OpenAI’s ChatGPT in medicine? A Scopus-based systematic review
Authors: Moya-Salazar Jeel , Salazar Carmen R , Delzo Stephany S , Goicochea-Palomino Eliane A , Rojas-Zumaran Victor
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Acute ChatGPT, an artificial inteeligence-powered chatbot, presents a potential influence on healthcare and research in medicine. In this investigation, we systematically reviewed medical literature regarding the utilization of ChatGPT, utilizing the Scopus database.

Methods: This systematic review follows the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines, and according to the search in Scopus, 11,219 articles were identified. Original studies, clinical trials, correspondence articles, letters, notes, and research protocols were included, resulting in 14 studies.

Results: All studies were published in 2023, among them 35.7% (5/14) were editorials and 14.3% (2/14) were opinion or perspective articles. Only one study (19) conducted a pilot study on the application of ChatGPT in medical diagnosis. Furthermore, 64.3% of the studies were published in quartile 1 journals according to Scimago rankings, and the USA had the highest production of articles on ChatGPT in medicine (35.7%). The included studies highlighted the potential and challenges of ChatGPT in various domains of healthcare. Ethical concerns, such as data privacy and bias, were also analyzed. Various fields of health were evaluated with ChatGPT, including nuclear medicine, gynecology, nuclear medicine, and emergency medicine. ChatGPT was considered a tool to improve patient education. ChatGPT has a promising role in scientific writing, emphasizing the need for human involvement, ethical guidelines, and addressing concerns related to bias, fabrication, and plagiarism.

Conclusions: Scopus-retrieved articles underscored the potential advantages and ethical dilemmas associated with the integration of ChatGPT in healthcare. While ChatGPT demonstrated promising applications in various medical domains, caution, further evaluation, and ethical considerations are needed for responsible implementation in real-world clinical settings.