bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long term efficacy and safety profile of dexamethasone intravitreal implant in retinal vein occlusions: a systematic review
Authors: Carnevali Adriano , Bacherini Daniela , Metrangolo Cristian , Chiosi Flavia , Viggiano Pasquale , Astarita Carlo , Gallinaro Valentina , Bonfiglio Vincenza M. E.
Published: November 2024

Background/objective

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a common, sight-threatening vascular disorder affecting individuals of all ages, with incidence increasing with age. Due to its complex, multifactorial nature, treating RVO remains a clinical challenge. Currently, treatment strategies include laser photocoagulation (especially for branch RVO), anti-VEGF therapies, and intravitreal corticosteroids. This systematic review (without meta-analysis) aimed to update the evidence on the efficacy and safety of the sustained-release intravitreal dexamethasone implant (DEX-i) in managing macular edema (ME) secondary to central and branch RVO.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted to assess current literature on DEX-i for ME secondary to RVO. Relevant studies were analyzed for outcomes related to visual acuity, retinal thickness, and the safety profile of DEX-i in RVO treatment.

Results

Evidence indicates that DEX-i substantially improves best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and reduces central retinal thickness (CRT) in ME associated with both branch and central RVO, demonstrating rapid and sustained effects. Common adverse events associated with DEX-i included manageable complications, such as medically controlled intraocular pressure elevation and progression of cataracts.

Conclusion

DEX-i offers effective and sustained improvements in both visual and anatomical outcomes for patients with ME secondary to RVO. Individualized treatment selection is essential to optimize patient outcomes. Future directions include identifying predictive biomarkers and adopting patient-centered approaches based on individual clinical characteristics, which may enhance treatment success in RVO.
The digital transformation of nursing practice: an analysis of advanced IoT technologies and smart nursing systems
Authors: Wang Boyuan , Shi Xiali , Han Xihao , Xiao Gexin
Published: November 2024

Facing unprecedented challenges due to global population aging and the prevalence of chronic diseases, the healthcare sector is increasingly relying on innovative solutions. Internet of Things (IoT) technology, by integrating sensing, network communication, data processing, and security technologies, offers promising approaches to address issues such as nursing personnel shortages and rising healthcare costs. This paper reviews the current state of IoT applications in healthcare, including key technologies, frameworks for smart nursing platforms, and case studies. Findings indicate that IoT significantly enhances the efficiency and quality of care, particularly in real-time health monitoring, disease management, and remote patient supervision. However, challenges related to data quality, user acceptance, and economic viability also arise. Future trends in IoT development will likely focus on increased intelligence, precision, and personalization, while international cooperation and policy support are critical for the global adoption of IoT in healthcare. This review provides valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners in healthcare and suggests directions for future research and technological advancements.
Radioimmunotherapy combating biofilm-associated infection in vitro
Authors: Ye Zijian , van der Wildt Berend , Nurmohamed F. Ruben H. A. , van Duyvenbode J. Fred F. Hooning , van Strijp Jos , Vogely H. Charles , Lam Marnix G. E. H. , Dadachova Ekaterina , Weinans Harrie , van der Wal Bart C. H. , Poot Alex J.
Published: November 2024

Background

Addressing prosthetic joint infections poses a significant challenge within orthopedic surgery, marked by elevated morbidity and mortality rates. The presence of biofilms and infections attributed to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) further complicates the scenario.

Objective

To investigate the potential of radioimmunotherapy as an innovative intervention to tackle biofilm-associated infections.

Methods

Our methodology involved employing specific monoclonal antibodies 4497-IgG1, designed for targeting wall teichoic acids found on S. aureus and its biofilm. These antibodies were linked with radionuclides actinium-225 (225Ac) and lutetium-177 (177Lu) using DOTA as a chelator. Following this, we evaluated the susceptibility of S. aureus and its biofilm to radioimmunotherapy in vitro, assessing bacterial viability and metabolic activity via colony-forming unit enumeration and xylenol tetrazolium assays.

Results

Both [225Ac]4497-IgG1 and [177Lu]4497-IgG1 exhibited a noteworthy dose-dependent reduction in S. aureus in planktonic cultures and biofilms over a 96-h exposure period, compared to non-specific antibody control groups. Specifically, doses of 7.4 kBq and 7.4 MBq of [225Ac]4497-IgG1 and [177Lu]4497-IgG1 resulted in a four-log reduction in planktonic bacterial counts. Within biofilms, 14.8 kBq of [225Ac]4497-IgG1 and 14.8 Mbq [177Lu]4497-IgG1 led to reductions of two and four logs, respectively.

Conclusion

Our findings underscore the effectiveness of [225Ac]4497-IgG1 and [177Lu]4497-IgG1 antibodies in exerting dose-dependent bactericidal effects against planktonic S. aureus and biofilms in vitro. This suggests that radioimmunotherapy might serve as a promising targeted treatment approach for combating S. aureus and its biofilm.
Traversing the epigenetic landscape: DNA methylation from retina to brain in development and disease
Authors: Xu Chunxiu , Fu Xuefei , Qin Huan , Yao Kai
Published: November 2024

DNA methylation plays a crucial role in development, aging, degeneration of various tissues and dedifferentiated cells. This review explores the multifaceted impact of DNA methylation on the retina and brain during development and pathological processes. First, we investigate the role of DNA methylation in retinal development, and then focus on retinal diseases, detailing the changes in DNA methylation patterns in diseases such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and glaucoma. Since the retina is considered an extension of the brain, its unique structure allows it to exhibit similar immune response mechanisms to the brain. We further extend our exploration from the retina to the brain, examining the role of DNA methylation in brain development and its associated diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Huntington’s disease (HD) to better understand the mechanistic links between retinal and brain diseases, and explore the possibility of communication between the visual system and the central nervous system (CNS) from an epigenetic perspective. Additionally, we discuss neurodevelopmental brain diseases, including schizophrenia (SZ), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and intellectual disability (ID), focus on how DNA methylation affects neuronal development, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive function, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders.
Investigating the causal relationship between inflammation and multiple types of hearing loss: a multi-omics approach combining Mendelian randomization and molecular docking
Authors: Zhang Jingqi , Guo Tao , Chen Yaxin , Wang Xiangjin , Wu Lijiao , Xie Hui
Published: November 2024

Background

Hearing loss affects over 10% of the global population. Inflammation is a key factor in hearing loss caused by noise, infection, and aging, damaging various hearing-related tissues (e.g., spiral ligament, stria vascularis). Mendelian randomization (MR) can help identify potential causal relationships and therapeutic targets.

Methods

We conducted MR analyses on 91 inflammatory proteins (n = 14,824) and genome-wide association study results for various hearing loss types in European ancestry populations, including sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL; ncases = 15,952, ncontrols = 196,592), sudden idiopathic hearing loss (SIHL; ncases = 1,491, ncontrols = 196,592), and other hearing loss (OHL; ncases = 4,157, ncontrols = 196,592). Additionally, hearing loss with difficulty in hearing (ncases = 14,654, ncontrols = 474,839) served as a validation set. To predict inflammatory protein-enriched pathways and tissues, we performed enrichment analysis, functional annotation, and tissue analyses using “OmicsNet2.0” and “FUMA” platforms. We also combined “CoreMine” and molecular docking to explore potential drugs targeting inflammatory proteins and investigate binding efficacy.

Results

CCL19 was identified as a common risk factor for SNHL and OHL, which was validated in the hearing loss with difficulty in hearing dataset. Tissue analysis revealed that SIHL-related inflammatory proteins were enriched in the amygdala. Multi-omics research indicated associations between inflammatory proteins and neurodegenerative diseases. Molecular docking studies suggested that Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Uncariae Ramulus Cumuncis are potential drugs for targeting CCL19.

Conclusion

This study identified CCL19 as a common risk factor for various types of hearing loss through MR analysis, highlighting the crucial role of inflammatory proteins in hearing loss. The enrichment of related inflammatory proteins in the amygdala and their association with neurodegenerative diseases provide new insights into the mechanisms of hearing loss.
Study on the correlation between energy availability and subclinical menstrual disorders
Authors: Bingzheng Zhou , Zhuo Jin , Qihao Wang , Lunhao Bai
Published: November 2024

Background

There are few studies on the correlation between energy availability (EA) and subclinical menstrual disorders (SMD) in female athletes. This study aims to explore the differences in EA between female athletes with eumenorrhea and those with SMD, and the correlation between EA and the occurrence of SMD.

Methods

Luteal phase defect (LPD) and anovulation were defined as SMD. Fifty-six adult female college athletes with regular menstrual cycles and no clinical symptoms of menstrual disorders (MD) were selected as subjects. The EA of the subjects was monitored, and SMD were identified. The EA was compared between the two groups, and the correlation between EA and the occurrence of SMD was analyzed.

Results

Nineteen subjects were identified as LPD, and 7 subjects were identified as anovulation. The occurrence of SMD was 46.4%. The EA of subjects with SMD was lower than that of subjects with eumenorrhea (t = 3.165, p = 0.003), and EA was negatively correlated with the occurrence of SMD (r = −0.396, p = 0.000).

Conclusion

There were differences in EA between female college athletes with eumenorrhea and SMD. EA was negatively correlated with the occurrence of SMD.
Maximizing the potential of sustainable aquatic food systems for global food security: key opportunities and challenges
Authors: Hasselberg Astrid Elise , Frøyland Livar , Kögel Tanja , Markhus Maria Wik , Plata Javier , van der Meeren Terje , Sørhus Elin , Sanden Monica , Lunestad Bjørn Tore , Hannisdal Rita , Olsen Erik
Published: November 2024

The development and management of our future aquatic food systems play a pivotal role in achieving the UN sustainable development goals (SDGs). While expanding aquatic food systems align with the ambitions of national 'blue economy' strategies, understanding challenges and opportunities is essential for successful expansion. Three globally relevant case studies—seaweed farming and harvesting, bivalve farming and harvesting, and tuna fisheries—were identified. A literature review revealed challenges and opportunities linked to UN SDGs related to poverty (1), hunger (2), health (3), gender equality (5), responsible consumption (12), climate action (13), and life below water (14). Although no single solution addresses all challenges, the cases emphasize that adapted spatial and ecosystem-based management offers pathways to address major challenges and capitalize on key opportunities.
Establishment and validation of a nomogram model for early diagnosis of gastric cancer: a large-scale cohort study
Authors: Wang Haiyu , Ding Yumin , Zhao Shujing , Li Kaixu , Li Dehong
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Identifying high-risk populations and diagnosing gastric cancer (GC) early remains challenging. This study aimed to establish and verify a nomogram model for the early diagnosis of GC based on conventional laboratory indicators.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 2,770 individuals with first diagnosis of GC and 1,513 patients with benign gastric disease from January 2018 to December 2022. The cases were divided into the training set and validation set randomly, with a ratio of 7:3. Variable screening was performed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and logistic regression analysis. A nomogram was constructed in the training set to assist in the early diagnosis of GC.

Results

There were 4283 patients included in the study, with 2998 patients assigned in the training set and 1285 patients in the validation set. Through LASSO regression and logistic regression analysis, independent variables associated with GC were identified, including CEA, CA199, LYM, HGB, MCH, MCHC, PLT, ALB, TG, HDL, and AFR. The nomogram model was constructed using the above 11 independent indicators. The AUC was 0.803 for the training set and 0.797 for the validation set, indicating that the model showed high clinical diagnostic efficacy. The calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA) of the nomogram presented good calibration and clinical application ability.

Conclusion

Based on the analysis of large sample size, we constructed a nomogram model with 11 routine laboratory indicators, which showed good discrimination ability and calibration.
Machine learning approaches for spatial omics data analysis in digital pathology: tools and applications in genitourinary oncology
Authors: Kim Hojung , Kim Jina , Yeon Su Yeon , You Sungyong
Published: November 2024

Recent advances in spatial omics technologies have enabled new approaches for analyzing tissue morphology, cell composition, and biomolecule expression patterns in situ. These advances are promoting the development of new computational tools and quantitative techniques in the emerging field of digital pathology. In this review, we survey current trends in the development of computational methods for spatially mapped omics data analysis using digitized histopathology slides and supplementary materials, with an emphasis on tools and applications relevant to genitourinary oncological research. The review contains three sections: 1) an overview of image processing approaches for histopathology slide analysis; 2) machine learning integration with spatially resolved omics data analysis; 3) a discussion of current limitations and future directions for integration of machine learning in the clinical decision-making process.
Circular RNA CDR1as/ciRS-7– a novel biomarker in solid tumors
Authors: Zhang Yun , Xiong Chanyu , Jiang Zhilin , Wang Xiao , Ji Juanjuan , Pan Yan , Yu Tianshu , Wang Zihao , Zhu Lin , Yue Yumei , Li Qiong , Wang Haizhen , Zhu Shikai , Zhou Yu
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Circular RNA CDR1as/ciRS-7 has been reported to function as an oncogenic regulator in various cancers. However, the prognostic value of CDR1as/ciRS-7 expression in solid tumors remains unclear. Herein, we conducted an updated meta-analysis to investigate the association between CDR1as/ciRS-7 expression and clinical outcomes in solid tumors.

Methods

A systematic search was performed through the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Ovid databases for eligible studies on clinical values of CDR1as/ciRS-7 in solid tumors. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) or odd ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the correlation between CDR1as/ciRS-7 and clinical outcomes.

Results

A total of 2424 patients from 17 studies between 2017 and 2023 were included. The results suggested that elevated CDR1as/ciRS-7 expression predicted a poor overall survival (OS) for 12 types of solid tumors (HR=1.93, 95% CI: 1.43-2.60, P<0.001) with no heterogeneity (I2 = 80.2%, P<0.001). Stratified analysis indicated that there was a negative relationship between CDR1as/ciRS-7 expression and OS in digestive system cancers (HR=2.30, 95% CI: 1.84-2.88, P<0.001), and respiratory cancers (HR=2.40, 95% CI: 1.75-3.30, P<0.001). Furthermore, we also revealed that CDR1as/ciRS-7 was positively related to tumor size (OR=2.11, 95%CI: 1.64-2.71, P<0.001), TNM stage (OR=2.05, 95%CI: 1.65-2.54, P<0.001), lymph node metastasis (LNM) (OR=1.74, 95%CI: 1.38-2.21, P<0.001), and distant metastasis (OR=2.79, 95%CI: 1.71-4.55, P<0.001). Although the probable evidence of publication bias was found in the studies with OS, tumor size, TNM stage, and LNM, the trim and fill analysis confirmed the reliability of these results was not affected.

Conclusion

Elevated CDR1as/ciRS-7 expression was associated with larger tumor size, advanced TNM stage, worse LNM, distant metastasis, and shorter OS, suggesting that CDR1as/ciRS-7 may act as an independent prognostic biomarker in solid tumors.
A correlation study between cervical cancer and sex hormones
Authors: Wu Xian , You Yitao , Guan Zhichong , Ban Yongpiao , Wang Yiping , Du Dianhua , Wang Bo , Wu Wen , Wen Yue , Ren Yixian , Wu Chunwei , Zhang Xuelin , Mo Lan
Published: November 2024

Objective

The aims of this study were to investigate the association between positive TCT and sex hormone levels and to evaluate the feasibility of change in sex hormone level as a potential predictor of cervical cancer.

Methods

We recruited 910 female participants from the health examination center of a hospital in Guizhou between 2019 and 2023. All participants had undergone both hematologic examinations and cervical cancer screening.

Results

A total of 265 participants had positive TCT screening. Luteinizing hormone, estradiol, prolactin, and progesterone were negatively correlated with positive TCT screening. Age, systolic blood pressure, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, fasting blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglyceride, erythrocyte, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone were positively correlated with positive TCT screening. Logistic regression analysis showed that prolactin, red blood cell count, and age were risk factors for cervical cancer, while FSH was a protective factor for cervical cancer. The AUC of FSH and age in the prediction model was 0.701 and 0.705, respectively.

Conclusion

The incidence of cervical cancer increases with increased age and follicle poietin level. At the same time, the increase in FSH level has a certain predictive value for the incidence of cervical cancer.
Case report of kabuki syndrome in a newborn caused by KMT2D gene mutation
Authors: Ba Xuejiao , Yang Xiyao , Zhang Yizhi , Guo Fang , Zhu Lihong , Tong Rui , Yang Yanbin , Qian Yuan , Zhang Hongqing
Published: November 2024

Background

Kabuki syndrome is a genetic syndrome that affects multiple organs and systems. Gene mutations are the main cause of KS. Mutations in the KMT2D and KDM6A genes have been reported as two relatively clear pathogenic pathways. This article reports a case of KS with congenital heart disease, hearing abnormalities, and hypoglycemia caused by a KMT2D gene mutation confirmed by clinical exome sequencing, enriching the clinical phenotype and gene mutation spectrum of KS and helping to improve understanding of the disease.

Case presentation

Through clinical exome sequencing, we performed genetic diagnosis on a newborn with congenital heart malformation and identified a heterozygous mutation in the KMT2D gene, NM_003482.3:c.4195C>T (p.Gln1399*), which has not been reported as a pathogenic mutation before. This variant was not detected in the peripheral blood of the patient's parents, suggesting it is a de novo mutation.

Discussion

KS has strong clinical characteristics and biological heterogeneity. Genetic diagnosis can help identify the types of mutated genes. Our results provide some clues for KS caused by KMT2D gene mutations associated with congenital heart disease, hearing abnormalities, and hypoglycemia. However, the relationship between genotype and phenotype is not yet fully understood. The molecular pathogenesis of KS still needs further exploration and clarification.
Lightweight multi-stage temporal inference network for video crowd counting
Authors: Gao Wei , Feng Rui , Sheng Xiaochun
Published: November 2024

Crowd density is an important metric for preventing excessive crowding in a particular area, but it still faces challenges such as perspective distortion, scale variation, and pedestrian occlusion. Existing studies have attempted to model the spatio-temporal dependencies in videos using LSTM and 3D CNNs. However, these methods suffer from large computational costs, excessive parameter redundancy, and loss of temporal information, leading to difficulties in model convergence and limited recognition performance. To address these issues, we propose a lightweight multi-stage temporal inference network (LMSTIN) for video crowd counting. LMSTIN effectively models the spatio-temporal dependencies in video sequences at a fine-grained level, enabling real-time and accurate video crowd counting. Our proposed method achieves significant performance improvements on three public crowd counting datasets.
Stability and adaptability of grain yield in quinoa genotypes in four locations of Iran
Authors: Jokarfard Vahid , Rabiei Babak , Laki Ebrahim Souri , Börner Andreas
Published: November 2024

The genotype × environment interaction is one of the effective factors in identifying and introducing cultivars with stable grain yield in different environments. There are many statistical methods for estimating genotype × environment interaction, among which AMMI and GGE-biplot analyses provide better and more interpretable results. The objective of this study was to assess the genotype × environment interaction, as well as the adaptability and stability of 40 quinoa genotypes. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications in eight environments (four locations of Iran and two years). The AMMI analysis of variance showed that the main effects of genotype and environment, as well as the interaction effect of genotype × environment were significant on grain yield. Separation of genotype × environment interaction based on the principal component method showed that the first six principal components were significant and accounted for 47.6%, 22.5%, 9%, 7%, 6% and 4.3% of the genotype × environment interaction variance, respectively. Based on the AMMI model, genotypes G16, G19, G35, G30, G39, G24, and G18 were identified as high-yielding and stable genotypes with high general adaptability. In contrast, genotypes G36, G27, G38, G9, G28, G29, G23, G34, G13, and G12 were the most unstable genotypes in the studied environments. In GGE-biplot analysis, two mega-environments were identified, and genotypes G16, G19, G25, and G17 were also identified as high-yielding and stable genotypes for these environments. Also, based on the biplot diagram of the ideal genotype, genotypes G16, G19, G17, and G35 were the nearest genotypes to the ideal genotype. In total, the results of various analyses showed that the three genotypes G16 and G19 were the superior genotypes of this experiment in terms of grain yield and stability. These genotypes can be introduced as high-yielding and stable genotypes to the climatic conditions of the studied areas.
Exploring the interplay of information relevance and colorfulness in multimedia learning
Authors: Désiron Juliette C. , Schneider Sascha
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Looking at recent developments in multimedia learning research, the interaction between cognitive and affective processes is examined more extensively. Based on the emotional design hypothesis, for example, using colors, in contrast to black and white representations, for designing learning materials can elicit positive emotions, guide attention, increase motivation, and foster learning. The attention-guiding effect of colors might not be beneficial when used in learning-irrelevant, decorative pictures. In such a case, the seductive detail effect suggests that interesting but irrelevant additions can hinder learning. Previous studies manipulated colors in the whole learning material independent of the relevance of the information. The present study aimed to examine the effect of color variations according to the relevance of the information presented.

Methods

With a 2 (colorfulness of learning-relevant information background: black and white vs. colored) × 2 (colorfulness of learning-irrelevant pictorial information: black/white vs. colored) between-subject design. The main and interaction effects of colors as attention guides of multimedia learning material on the formation of hurricanes were tested with two samples (128 university students and 140 secondary school students). The first sample is university students in laboratory conditions. The second sample is students in school classes. Besides learning outcomes, perceptions of cognitive load, metacognitive judgments, and affective states are measured.

Results

Results show that the interplay between information relevance and the colorfulness of representations affects learners’ cognitive processes and metacognitive and affective perceptions.

Discussion

These findings have practical implications for the design of multimedia learning materials, highlighting the importance of considering the interplay between colorfulness and information relevance.
Silence after narratives by patients in psychodynamic psychotherapy: a conversation analytic study
Authors: Fenner Carolina
Published: November 2024

In psychotherapy, verbal communication is central to the therapeutic process. However, when patients remain silent, it can serve various functions, such as reflecting more deeply or hesitating to elaborate on a topic. This article uses conversation analysis to examine a specific context in which silence occurs: After a patient has concluded his/her narrative, both the therapist and the patient resist the turn allocation by the respective other, resulting in mutual silence. The results indicate that both therapists and patients collaboratively generate this silence. Therapists typically end the silence with an intervention, addressing an aspect of the topic and treating the pause as intra-topic silence. The study is based on approximately 29 h of video recordings of German-speaking outpatient psychodynamic psychotherapy sessions. This research highlights the importance of therapists recognizing the different forms of silence that may emerge during psychotherapy.
Is global health truly global? A hashtag analysis of #GlobalHealth disparities on X
Authors: Arshad Zara , Sharma Pranav , Sharma Shweta , Cheema Mustafa Sajjad , Agarwal Charu , Tango Tamara , Matin Farhan Bin , Atanasov Atanas G. , Siddiquea Bodrun Naher , Matin Maima , Adamska Olga , Stolarczyk Artur , Kashyap Rahul , Nawaz Faisal A.
Published: November 2024

Background

X (Formerly known as Twitter) healthcare hashtags are a popular healthcare informatics and educational tool among medical professionals. #Globalhealth is one such widely used hashtag with extensive engagement. This study analyses #GlobalHealth to understand its pattern, global digital distribution, and other parameters during the COVID-19 pandemic on X.

Methods

Data was collected by utilizing posts using #GlobalHealth on X from 1st December 2019 to 1st November 2022. The analysis was performed using Symplur Signals to assess several parameters, such as the cumulative number of posts, impressions, category of users, co-occurring hashtags, and geolocation. The Symplur Rank system was used to assess the impact of influencers using the hashtag.

Results

A total of 843,762 posts were shared by 150,408 X users, with 4,639,144,304 impressions. Most posts (73.8%) were made by unclassified accounts, followed by doctors (4.2%), followed by other health workers. The #COVID19 was the most common co-occurring hashtag (43%). The top locations and the most influential X users came from the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada. Among the top 25 most influential handles, a maximum (N = 09) were based in the United States—most profiles (N = 10) were categorized as international organizations followed by journals (N = 03).

Conclusion

The study gives a glimpse into the discrepancies in global distribution and stakeholders of #GlobalHealth. Most posts originated from the global north, which hints at how the trend to #GlobalHealth is not perhaps as global as it is thought to be, and it also reflects upon the real-world scenarios in the context of Global Health Equity. Thus, deeper and wider studies on this digital discrepancy may add more to the existing discourse on the topic.
Family-to-work conflict linked to psychological distress and family life satisfaction during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic in dual-earner parents with adolescents
Authors: Schnettler Berta , Miranda-Zapata Edgardo , Orellana Ligia , Saracostti Mahia , Poblete Héctor , Concha-Salgado Andrés , Lobos Germán , Adasme-Berríos Cristian , Lapo María , Beroiza Katherine , Riquelme-Segura Leonor , Sepúlveda José A. , Thomas Enid
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Research on work-family dynamics during the COVID-19 pandemic shows that family demands increased for workers, particularly those with children. This heightened family-to-work conflict negatively affects the subjective well-being of parents and their children. However, these outcomes have been mainly examined on individuals without considering the family as the unit of analysis. This study aimed to explore the relationships between family-to-work conflict, psychological distress, and family life satisfaction in dual-earner parents with adolescent children during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, the potential mediating role of psychological distress among FtoWC and family life satisfaction and the moderating role of household monthly income were tested.

Methods

The non-probabilistic sample in Chile comprised 860 dual-earner parents and one of their adolescent children (mean age 13.5 years, 50.8% female). Parents answered an online questionnaire with FtoWC scale, whereas parents and adolescents answered the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale and the Satisfaction with Family Life Scale. Analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling and the mediation actor-partner interdependence model.

Results

FtoWC was directly linked to lower family life satisfaction in fathers and via a mediating role of psychological distress in both parents. Mothers’ FtoWC was related via the mediating role of the fathers’ psychological distress to fathers’ lower family life satisfaction and via the mediating role of the adolescents’ psychological distress to adolescents’ lower family life satisfaction. Monthly household income moderated three APIM model paths involving mothers’ variables.

Discussion

These findings underscore the importance of implementing family-oriented workplace policies. Such policies may help mitigate both parents’ experiences of FtoWC and their resulting psychological distress.
Speaking out for speakers: a guide for and analysis of robot speaker design
Authors: Nwagwu Nnamdi , Schneider Adeline , Phelps Tyler K. , Zhang Brian J. , Fitter Naomi T.
Published: November 2024

Despite sound being a promising modality of communication in robotics (possessing, for example, the ability to improve people’s perceptions of robots and help localize robotic systems in space), its facilitator, speakers, are a seldom-explored topic of study in robotics literature. To address this gap, we conducted three explorations into physical speaker design that identified what current robot speakers lack and potential remedies, low-level design improvements, and post hoc hardware additions. Further, we detail and explore the application of speakers on three different robotic platforms (including one industrial robot used for construction), the last evaluation of which involved an empirical study (N=21) that sought to better understand the implications associated with poor-quality speakers in a mock service robotics context. Our results suggest that greater internal cavity volume is a key strength in speaker design. We also observed greater effects of the presence (vs. absence) of a service robot voice compared to other factors. This work can inform the process of creating custom speakers for robots and augmenting current robotic systems with new speaker additions (whether commercial or custom, and across use contexts from construction to service). In particular, the work can help to guide roboticists who may be unfamiliar with nuanced audio engineering techniques and designers who seek to improve robotics platform standards with human interlocutors in mind.
Afrocentric frameworks in recreation and leisure research: a perspective article
Authors: Sakala Michael
Published: November 2024

This perspective article re-imagines and proposes key Afrocentric frameworks that can contribute towards animating the recreation and leisure discourse in Africa. The article foregrounds Afrocentricity, Sankofa, African Social Ontogenesis and Ubuntu as pertinent lenses through which recreation and leisure phenomena can be explored to respond to African realities. The article analytically draws on relevant scholarship to describe and interpretively glean implications for recreation and leisure research. The article's contribution to the discourse lies in its call for a re-think on how recreation and leisure research should engage with African realities.
Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Mycotoxin Adsorbent on Laying Performance and Oviduct Health of Laying Hens in Aflatoxin B1 Exposed
Authors: Wei Yi , Sun Meng , Sun Jingjing , Jiang Qiuyu , Zhang Bingkun
Published: November 2024

Aflatoxin contamination causes huge economic losses in animal husbandry by inhibiting growth and performance. The addition of mycotoxin binders to contaminate diets has been widely used for mycotoxin removal. Bentonite and yeast cell walls have received increasing attention as efficient and low-cost adsorbents. This study utilizes a mycotoxin adsorbent (MAB) to bind Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in feed. The trial was a randomized trial design, with 240 forty-three-week-old Hy-line Brown laying hens allocated to four groups, and with 80 birds in each group. The three diets used in the experiment were: (1) control diet; (2) control diet + 0.2 mg/kg AFB1; (3) control diet+ 0.2 mg/kg AFB1 + 2.0 g/kg MAB. All laying hens were fed a basal diet for one week. The feeding trial lasted for 12 weeks followed by a 1-week adaptation phase. The results show that laying hens fed the AFB1-contaminated diet had decreased performance and egg quality and reduced oviduct index and length. Blood biochemical parameters show that AFB1 leads to increased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. Compared to the control diet groups, exposure to the AFB1-contaminated diet resulted in liver and uterine tissue damage, mainly manifested by inflammatory infiltration. Compared with AFB1-contaminated diets, liver and uterine damage was alleviated with the AFB1 + MAB diet and partially restored to control levels. At the same time, we also observed that AFB1 treatment up-regulated the expression of Interferon-α (IFN-α), CASPASE-3, and CASPASE-8 in the uterus of laying hens, but this phenomenon was alleviated after adding the MAB. Therefore, under the experimental conditions, supplementation of MAB in AFB1-contaminated hen diets was an effective intervention to reduce aflatoxin toxicity.
A Rapid Identification Method for Cottonseed Varieties Based on Near-Infrared Spectral and Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Li Qingxu , Li Hao , Liu Renhao , Dong Xiaofeng , Zhang Hongzhou , Zhou Wanhuai
Published: November 2024

China is a major cotton-growing country with numerous cotton varieties, each exhibiting significant differences in yield and fiber quality. However, the current management of cottonseed varieties is disorganized, resulting in severe homogenization and the presence of counterfeit and mislabeled varieties. The detection of cottonseed variety information has become a critical issue for the Chinese cotton industry. In this study, we collected near-infrared (NIR) spectral data from six cottonseed varieties and constructed a GAN for cottonseed NIR data (GAN-CNIRD) model to generate additional cottonseed NIR data. The Euclidean distance method was used to label the generated NIR data according to the characteristics of the true NIR data. We then applied Standard Normal Variate (SNV), Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC), and Normalization algorithms to preprocess the combined dataset of generated and real cottonseed NIR data. Feature wavelengths were extracted using Bootstrap Soft Shrinkage (BOSS) and Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS) algorithms. Subsequently, we developed Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Random subspace method (RSM), and convolutional neural network (CNN) models to classify the cottonseed varieties. The results showed that for the LDA model, the use of feature wavelengths extracted after Normalization-BOSS processing achieved the best performance with an accuracy of 97.00%. For the RSM model, the use of feature wavelengths extracted after SNV-CARS processing achieved the best performance with an accuracy of 98.00%. For the CNN model, the use of feature wavelengths extracted after MSC-CARS processing achieved the best performance with an accuracy of 100.00%. Data augmentation using GAN-CNIRD-generated cottonseed data improved the accuracy of the three optimal models by 6%, 5%, and 6%, respectively. This study provides a crucial reference for the rapid detection of cottonseed variety information and has significant implications for the standardized management of cottonseed varieties.
Incorporation of Relay Intercropping in Wheat–Fresh Maize–Fresh Soybean Cropping System Improves Climate Resource Utilization and Economic Benefits in Yangtze River Delta
Authors: Li Bo , Liu Jian , Ren Qingming , Shi Xiaoxu , Shen Wenyuan , Wei Yafeng , Xiong Fei
Published: November 2024

In the Yangtze River Delta region, demand from consumers for fresh maize and fresh soybeans is increasing. The cropping systems applied in agricultural production have a low utilization of light and temperature resources. In order to construct a novel planting pattern for fresh maize and fresh soybean with a high-efficiency utilization of climate resources, we conducted a field experiment to compare the annual yield, allocation, and utilization efficiency of climatic resources and the economic benefits between the conventional double-cropping system with wheat-fresh soybeans (CK) and the triple-cropping planting patterns comprising wheat-fresh maize/fresh soybeans (W1) or wheat-fresh maize/fresh maize(W2) at Nantong, Jiangsu, China, from 2016 to 2020. Compared with the conventional double-cropping system, the triple-cropping planting patterns increased the annual yield by 6547 kg ha−1 and 11,979 kg ha−1 and increased the annual biomass by 4389 kg ha−1 and 10,425 kg ha−1, respectively. The annual economic benefit of triple-cropping planting patterns increased by 2775 RMB ha−1 and 12,765 RMB ha−1, respectively. The triple-cropping planting patterns respectively increased the annual radiation production efficiency by 0.08 g MJ−1 and 0.28 g MJ−1, the annual temperature production efficiency by 1.65 kg ha−1 °C−1 and 4.30 kg ha−1 °C−1, and the annual precipitation production efficiency by 4.40 kg mm−1 ha−1 and 9.67 kg mm−1 ha−1. Considering the yields, resource-use efficiency, and economic benefits, the wheat–fresh maize–fresh soybean system is suitable for application in YRD region and worth extending in the Yangtze River region. However, ways to improve fertilizer utilization efficiency in the wheat–fresh maize–fresh soybean system need to be studied.
Potato Cropping System and Variety Impacts on Soil Properties, Soilborne Diseases, and Tuber Yield in a Long-Term Field Trial
Authors: Larkin Robert P.
Published: November 2024

Cropping systems incorporating soil health management practices such as longer rotations, cover crops and green manures, and organic amendments have been shown to improve soil and crop health. However, long-term trials are needed to fully assess the impacts and effects of these systems over time. Crop varieties may also respond differently to cropping practices or systems. In field trials originally established in 2004, three different 3-year potato cropping systems focused on management goals of soil conservation (SC), soil improvement (SI), and disease suppression (DS) were evaluated and compared to a standard 2-year rotation (SQ) and a nonrotation control (PP). Results compiled over a 4-year period (2019–2022) using two different potato varieties showed that the SI system (with a history of compost amendments) improved soil properties, including organic matter and nutrient contents, aggregate stability, and microbial activity relative to other systems. The SI system also had higher total and marketable tuber yields (by 22–28%) relative to the standard SQ system. The DS system, which included a disease-suppressive green manure rotation crop, also improved yield (by 12%) and reduced soilborne diseases (black scurf and common scab). Variety Caribou Russet, a newer variety with improved characteristics, produced higher marketable yields and larger tuber size, as well as lower severity of common scab than the standard Russet Burbank variety. These results demonstrate that improved cropping systems can substantially enhance productivity relative to standard cropping systems, as well as provide greater sustainability through long-term improvements in soil health.
Effects of Sweet Potato Leaf Extracts and Chlorogenic Acid on Glucose Uptake in C2C12 Cells
Authors: Lin Kuan-Hung , Chu Wen-Xin , Lee Yu-Tsung , Li Yi-Hung , Chang Wei-Tang , Yu Yi-Ping , Shih Ming-Chih , Lai Yung-Chang , Lu Chun-Ping , Chao Pi-Yu
Published: November 2024

Edible sweet potato leaf can be exploited in the management and treatment of insulin resistance. This study investigated the effects of three sweet potato leaf extracts (SPLEs) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) on glucose uptake (2-NBDG uptake and GLUT4 abundance) and expression of their related regulatory factors (such as IR, IRS-1, p-Akt1, and p-AMPKα1 abundances) using Western blot analysis in insulin-treated insulin-resistant C2C12 cells. The results show that both purple and green SPLEs improved glucose (2-NBDG) uptake efficacy with insulin treatments, and both SPLEs also increased GLUT4 and IR abundances via activation of p-Akt in the PI3K/Akt pathway, whereas the IR abundance efficacy influence was the same as in the insulin-treated group. The yellow SPLE and CGA have higher protein abundances of IR and IRS-1, while CGA (20 μg/mL) exhibits the highest abundance of p-Akt1 and p-AMPKα1. These results suggest potential benefits of purple and green SPLEs in promoting glucose uptake, possibly through modulation of insulin signaling pathways.
Habitat Suitability Assessment for Illicium verum Hook. f. (Star Anise) Under Climate Change Conditions, Using the MaxEnt Model and Comprehensive 2D Chromatography
Authors: Gu Peng , Li Qiuling , Li Liangbo , Huang Ding , Cao Kexin , Lu Rumei , Huang Rongshao , Chen Jianhua
Published: November 2024

Illicium verum Hook. f. (star anise) is a highly important plant in terms of both its edible and medicinal properties and its economic value. The suitable habitat for star anise may undergo alterations in response to climate changes and human activities, which in turn might impact its quality. To ensure the future introduction and protection of star anise, it is crucial to analyze the impacts of climate change on the potential distribution of the species. The approach presented in this study integrates the MaxEnt model and chemical composition analysis to assess the potential distribution patterns of star anise in response to climate change and evaluate the impact of environmental variables on its quality. The results revealed that the soil pH, mean temperature of the coldest quarter, mean diurnal range, precipitation of the warmest quarter and annual precipitation were the main factors affecting the current distribution of I. verum. The current area of suitable habitat is approximately 17.6 × 104 km2, accounting for 74% of the total area of Guangxi Province. Under the future climate scenarios, the overall pattern of the potential distribution range shifted northwards, and the SSP3126 scenario showed the most significant increase in the area. By utilizing comprehensive 2D chromatography technologies, 111 volatile compounds present in the 61 batches of star anise were identified. Further analysis via chemometric methods revealed that the components β-bisabolene, caryophyllene, 4-methoxyphenylacetone, cis-β-farnesene, anethole and linalool could serve as potential markers for distinguishing the quality of star anise from different geographical origins. Finally, a stepwise regression model between chemical compositions and environmental variables was established, and based on this, a quality zoning map was subsequently plotted. This study provides valuable scientific insights for resource conservation, planting site selection and quality control for star anise.
Salmonella enterica Serovar Infantis in Broiler Chickens: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Georganas Alexandros , Graziosi Giulia , Catelli Elena , Lupini Caterina
Published: November 2024

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Infantis poses a growing threat to public health, due to its increasing prevalence worldwide and its association with high levels of antimicrobial resistance. Among livestock, S. Infantis is especially isolated from broilers. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review was conducted by searching in three databases (Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed) for English-language studies (1957–2023) that reported the prevalence of S. Infantis in broiler farms. Eligible studies included epidemiological investigations conducted in broiler chickens by sampling the house environment (flock-level prevalence) or the birds (individual-level prevalence). A random-effect model was applied to calculate S. Infantis pooled prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Furthermore, to assess between-study heterogeneity, the inconsistency index statistic (I2) was calculated. Among 537 studies retrieved, a total of 9 studies reporting flock-level prevalence of S. Infantis and 4 reporting individual-level prevalence were retained for analysis. The flock-level pooled prevalence was estimated to be 9% (95% CI: 1–26%) and a high between-study heterogeneity was found (I2 = 99%, p < 0.01). Concerning individual-level prevalence, a meta-analysis was not performed due to the scarcity of eligible studies. The data presented underscore the significant occurrence of S. Infantis in broilers at the farm level. By summarizing the existing literature, this work provides useful insights for conducting future surveys of Salmonella spp. in live broiler chickens as a preliminary step for developing more efficient control strategies.