bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Martín de Garay y las revoluciones de independencia en la América española ( 1813-1823)
Authors: Costeloe Michael P.
Published: May 2022

Las luchas de independencia hispanoamericana fueron recibidas en España con el efecto de una conmoción y unánimes fueron las reacciones peninsulares. Una importante voz es la de Garay, ministro de Hacienda en 1816-1818, político progresista, pero de opiniones inflexibles con respecto a América (contrario al comercio libre, por ejemplo), y gran partidario de la mediación extranjera para solucionar las crisis hispanoamericanas, como una deuda de gratitud que se tenía con España por su gran ayuda en la lucha contra Napoleón.
El protagonismo del clero en la insurgencia quiteña (1809-1812)
Authors: Lópe-Ocón Cabrera Leoncio
Published: May 2022

Se subraya la originalidad del comportamiento político de la Iglesia en la primera fase del proceso emancipador quiteño. Se sostiene que el clero es el grupo social que, ante las disensiones y vacilaciones de las élites civiles, ejerce el liderazgo en la edificación de la República de Quito. Para llegar a tales conclusiones se aborda en primer lugar el análisis de las interrelaciones Iglesia-Sociedad en la Audiencia de Quito a fines del siglo XVIII, destacándose cómo el clero quiteño erigió un poderoso sistema de control social sustentado en una sólida base económica y se resaltan posteriormente las funciones logísticas e ideológicas realizadas por el clero en el transcurso del conflicto bélico. Se presenta un apéndice documental formado por documentos procedentes de diversos archivos quiteños.
1898: la batalla por la paz. La mediación de León XIII entre España y Estados Unidos
Authors: Robles Muñoz Cristóbal
Published: May 2022

Análisis de la activa intervención mediadora desarrollada por la Iglesia, y de modo especial por León XIII, a lo largo de 1898, en la búsqueda de una salida pacífica al enfrentamiento entre España y los Estados Unidos, con motivo de la guerra hispanocubana. El fracaso de la mediación es estudiado a través de una variada documentación (Archivo Secreto Vaticano y de Asuntos Exteriores, Madrid), siguiendo, fundamentalmente, las políticas de los gobiernos de España y Estados Unidos. Se insiste en la intransigencia de la política estadounidense como causa en el fracaso de la negociación mediadora.
La historia oral, instrumento de análisis social. Algunas aportaciones recientes
Authors: González Martínez Elda E. , Naranjo Orovio Consuelo
Published: May 2022

A partir de la definición de la historia oral como una fuente complementaria o alternativa a la historia, se desarrolla un modelo de cuestionario guía utilizado por las autoras en sus investigaciones sobre emigración española a Iberoamérica. Se ofrece el panorama de la utilización de la historia oral en diferentes países: Estados Unidos, México, Gran Bretaña, España, Argentina y Chile.
El efecto demográfico de las epidemias tras el descubrimiento de América
Authors: Guerra Francisco
Published: May 2022

El descubrimiento de América implicó el encuentro de dos grupos humanos portadores de enfermedades infecciosas con diferente herencia inmunológica. Esto tuvo incalculables consecuencias demográficas con profunda incidencia social, política y económica. De hecho, es la razón fundamental del despoblamiento indígena americano, explicación simple y esperable, pues todo cambio demográfico importante es consecuencia de epidemias.
Ciencia ilustrada y nuevas rutas: las expediciones de Juan de Lángara al Pacífico, 1765-1773
Authors: Bernabeú Albert Salvador
Published: May 2022

Como introducción al tema particular descrito, se ofrece un breve panorama sobre el avance europeo en la medición de la longitud por medio de las distancias lunares, relacionando con este problema los viajes realizados a Filipinas por barcos españoles a través del Cabo de Buena Esperanza. A la luz de éstos y en particular de los tres realizados por el célebre marino Lángara, se interpreta la influencia que tuvo en el perfeccionamiento científico náutico el establecimiento de nuevas rutas y la contribución a ello de la reforma ilustrada introducida por la Marina real española.
De los nombres de plantas
Authors: Clement Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2022

Para mostrar el desarrollo extraordinario de la Botánica dentro del movimiento reformista de la Ilustración española, se destaca pormenorizadamente la inclusión de nombres españoles en la nomenclatura genérica que se impone desde el s. XVIII bajo la inspiración de Linneo. Se analiza también estadísticamente la calidad profesional de los autores elegidos, y el destino perenne o fugaz de la nominación hispana original, en función de las características particulares de la historia científica hispana.
Por una antropología de la ciencia. Las expediciones ilustradas como "potlatch" reales
Authors: Del Pino Fermín
Published: May 2022

Con ejemplos franceses y españoles, se propone de modo genérico una interpretación política de las expediciones ilustradas, para explicar de modo coherente algunos elementos que no encajan en la lógica utilitarista normalmente aplicada. Se emplean estratégicamente las declaraciones contemporáneas de los actores y testigos, y se propone una comparación cultural de tipo antropológico con comportamientos "políticos" de pueblos amerindios.
El efecto económico, social y político de la emigración de Venezuela en el sur de Puerto Rico (Ponce), 1810-1830
Authors: Pérez Vega Ivette
Published: May 2022

La autora analiza un fenómeno migratorio específico y poco conocido, que se localiza al sur de la isla a comienzos del siglo XIX. Los emigrantes procedentes de Costa Firme eran hombres de recursos económicos y humanos, que se vieron beneficiados además por concesiones de tierras (muchos de ellos llevaban a sus esclavos) y por el acceso a niveles medios de la administración colonial. Dedicados muchos de ellos al comercio, su incidencia general en el desarrollo económico local fue muy positiva. Aunque en el campo político defendieron actitudes conservadoras frenando el acceso liberal.
Libros profanos y sagrados en la biblioteca del tesorero Antonio Dávalos (Lima, 1583)
Authors: Hampe Martínez Teodoro
Published: May 2022

Cuando Antonio Dávalos, nombrado tesorero en la caja real de Lima, embarca en 1582 para su destino, lleva entre sus pertenencias una selecta biblioteca de 97 volúmenes. La biblioteca estaba repartida en dos fardos; el primero contenía fundamentalmente obras históricas (Ocampo, Zurita, Garibay, Illescas ... ), literarias (Santillana, Manrique, Garcilaso, Sannazaro, León Hebreo ... ) y científicas (Francisco Díaz, Pérez de Vargas, Arfe ... ); el segundo, de un volumen algo menor, incluía especialmente obras religiosas y de piedad (Luis de Granada, Antonio de Guevara, Gre~orio Magno, Pedro Ciruelo ... ). Además de publicar íntegro el registro de embarque, se hace un esbozo de la biografía del tesorero y un breve análisis de su biblioteca.
La fascinación europea con el Perú y expediciones al Mar del Sur en el siglo XVII
Authors: Bradley Peter T.
Published: May 2022

Estudiando los diarios de a bordo de las varias expediciones y las declaraciones de sus tripulantes ante las autoridades peruanas podemos interpretar los distintos factores que crearon la fascinación tentadora que atraía empresas marítimas francesas, holandesas e inglesas a las costas del virreinato peruano en el siglo XVII, basándose en la experiencia adquirida en la época de Drake. Hay que considerar las repercusiones de esas expediciones no sólo por lo que se refiere a daños o despojos, sino a largo plazo en el contexto de la economía del virreinato y en la consolidación de una mentalidad europea explotadora con respecto a la región y sus recursos.
Las actividades de los Cinco Gremios Mayores en el Perú. Apuntes preliminares
Authors: Medrano Jose Miguel , Malamud Carlos
Published: May 2022

El estudio se centra en la presencia de los Cinco Gremios Mayores de Madrid en el mercado ultramarino. La creación de factorías en diferentes lugares sirvió de plataforma a sus negocios. En el caso del Perú es Arequipa la ciudad a la que primero se vinculan. En 1786 se funda la casa de Lima. Los autores analizan en profundidad las alternativas encontradas de la actuación de los Cinco Gremios Mayores en el virreinato, diseccionando cuáles fueron sus principales líneas de interés. Al contrario de lo que sucedió en Nueva España, en el Perú la Compañía pudo establecerse en aquellos puntos que creyó más convenientes para el desarrollo de sus negocios. La trayectoria de los Cingo Gremios es relacionada con los apuros de la Hacienda española y en general con el programa de reformas borbónicas que hubo de acceder a las peticiones de los Gremios.
Estado republicano y tributo indígena en la sierra central en la post independencia
Authors: Contreras Carlos
Published: May 2022

A través del estudio de la política tributaria llevada a cabo por el Estado republicano tras la independencia, el autor trata de esclarecer la actuación estatal frente a la situación de la sociedad rural heredada de la época colonial y analizar las tendencias dominantes en dicha sociedad, centrándose en el valle del Mantaro. A través del análisis de abundantes fuentes documentales, concluye que existió en el campesinado de la zona una considerable permeabilidad frente a los intentos de modernización de la sociedad rural diseñados desde el Estado, sin que se constaten reacciones violentas en contra. La razón habría que buscarla en la existencia de una organización campesina menos arcaica de la que se daba en otras regiones, sobre todo del sur andino, y en la tendencia a la privatización del territorio comunal, incluso antes de las reformas tributarias, y en la constitución de economías familiares bastante autónomas.
La oligarquía costera y la república aristocrática en el Perú, 1895-1919
Authors: Miller Rory
Published: May 2022

Estudia las actividades políticas de la elite peruana durante la República Aristocrática desde la perspectiva de una familia oligárquica, los Aspíllaga, cuya correspondencia privada se conserva en el Archivo del Fuero Agrario de Lima. Propone que los historiadores deberían considerar la conducta política de las familias dirigentes desde el punto de vista de sus intereses locales y rivalidades familiares. La necesidad de asegurar el control sobre recursos escasos (tierras, mano de obra, agua) las empujó a la actividad política a nivel nacional. No obstante, durante los años finales de la República Aristocrática se sintieron traicionadas tanto por los políticos como por los funcionarios.
Darwin en Cuba. El transformismo en la Revista de Cuba
Authors: Puig-Samper Miguel Angel , Pelayo Francisco
Published: May 2022

La introducción del evolucionismo en Cuba, a mediados del siglo XIX, provocó una serie de largos debates, que quedaron plasmados en los órganos de expresión de las instituciones científicas cubanas, los Anales, de la Academia de Ciencias Médicas, Físicas y Naturales, y la Revista de Cuba, de la Sociedad Antropológica de la Isla de Cuba. Por otra parte, el estudio de la composición de la Sociedad Antropológica Cubana nos revela la posición filosófica y política de sus miembros, pertenecientes a la élite criolla.
La contribución de «Revista de Indias» a la historiografía del País Vasco y Navarra
Authors: Cava M.ª Jesús , Cava Begoña
Published: May 2022

No disponible.
Santa Marta colonial a través de la historiografía española contemporánea ( 1940-1989)
Authors: Borrego Pla M.ª del Carmen
Published: May 2022

No disponible.
El Perú colonial a través de la historiografía es española
Authors: Fernández Alonso Serena
Published: May 2022

No disponible.
El Perú contemporáneo en la historiografía española, 1940-1988
Authors: Martínez Riaza Ascensión
Published: May 2022

No disponible.
Historiografía española sobre Cuba colonial (1940-1989)
Authors: Amores Carredano Juan Bosco
Published: May 2022

No disponible.
Publicaciones españolas sobre Cabildos americanos (1939-1989)
Authors: Ponce Leiva Pilar
Published: May 2022

No disponible.
Un intento de rectificar el sistema colonial: Debates y Proyectos en torno a la mita de Potosí a fines del siglo XVII (1683-1697)
Authors: González Casasnovas Ignacio
Published: May 2022

No disponible.
Problemas en el cumplimiento de las obligaciones cristianas de los indigenas del corregimiento del valle de Guatemala, 1687
Authors: Garcia Añoveros Jesus Maria
Published: May 2022

No disponible
Comparison of Indices to Infer Population Dynamics of Black Brant
Authors: Flint Paul L.
Published: May 2022

To aid managers in assessing status of Pacific black brant Branta bernicla nigricans (hereafter brant), I examined pre-existing long-term data series from summer, fall staging, and wintering areas to infer overall population processes and assessed the utility of the various data sources. Variation in demographic parameters measured in subarctic and Arctic locations suggests some form of metapopulation structure likely exists for brant. I used serial autocorrelation coefficients to assess the ability of various indices to track population processes. Based on this approach, the Lincoln–Petersen estimator and the fall aerial survey estimate partitioned using age ratios of staging brant at Izembek Lagoon, Alaska, appear to be the best indicators. However, these two indexes show different trends for the overall brant population. The Lincoln–Petersen estimates showed biologically implausible changes in size among sequential years, whereas the fall Izembek index did not. Annual estimates of survival and productivity fit the patterns of annual variation in the fall Izembek index better than the Lincoln–Petersen estimates. I conclude that the fall age–partitioned Izembek Lagoon index appears to be the best for tracking population processes in brant.
Transformations that Cannot Happen or There Won’t Be Clear Answers as Long as We Ask the Wrong Questions
Authors: Herrmann Peter
Published: May 2022

The following reflections argue that theories of development, particularly, modernization fail to develop themselves and still follow the tradition of one-dimensionality—this is evidenced by terms like pre-/postmodern, renaissance, or Middle Ages, all referring to the linearity of time under which everything else is subordinated. It is also evidenced by modernization theories, proposing a certain developmental sequence—the standard example would be the Rostowian model. Underlying is a mechanical understanding of society and economy, based on the assumption that increasing material wealth “presents itself as ‘an immense accumulation of commodities’.” The following will reflect on a concept of relational processuality.
Addressing Engagement Suppression in Black and Brown Racialized Communities
Authors: Batts Hasshan , Joseph Rigaud , Stoeffler Stephen W
Published: May 2022

Across the United States, the politics of power, voice, and funding continues to disparately impact the health and life outcomes of most of the Black and Brown residents. At the root of the disparities can often be found a conscious and unconscious cross-sector collaboration of historically White institutions to silence, exclude, and suppress the voices and engagement of communities of color in leadership, decision making, and community and economic development. This conceptual article is based on the work of Promise Neighborhoods of the Lehigh Valley (PNLV), introduces the Radical Welcome and Engagement Restoration Model (RWERM), a community practice framework that challenges structural and/or oppressive conditions and forces that suppress minority engagement. This article provides a complete description of the RWERM, highlights its theoretical assumptions, and explains how it can be implemented across the country. The potential impact of the program in Allentown, Pennsylvania, is discussed.
The Forestry Industry in Papua New Guinea: Issues of Development and Environmental Protection
Authors: Lea David
Published: May 2022

Papua New Guinea’s rain forest is the third-largest in the world following, the Amazon in South America and those in the Republic of Congo. So as a consequence, it represents a great storehouse of sequestering greenhouse gases, which are pivotal in controlling a rise in global temperature. The activities of the forestry industry have received opposition from environmental groups and the World Bank, but this opposition has not been welcomed by the local communities desirous of the level of development that accompanies logging operations. Recently non-governmental organization publications and media outlets have alleged that Papua New Guinea’s loggers are rampantly, increasingly, and illegally destroying the indigenous forests, earning “hundreds of millions in revenue” while refusing to pay taxes. However, it is necessary to gain some perspective on the industry by focusing on the most recent developments regarding the allegations of excessive and increased logging, and the actual revenues paid to the government and other stakeholders. This article considers these issues and recent government policy, particularly underlining the progressive export tax increase from 33percent to 55percent of the free onboard value. This article evaluates the consequences of the Government’s policies and suggests alternative ways to achieve sustainable forms of logging, which may also better satisfy the demands for increased development from local communities.
Place et rôle des ressources dans l’identification des pratiques de référence par des enseignants d’informatique en IUT
Authors: Drot-Delange Béatrice , Messaoui Anita , More Malika , Tort Françoise
Published: May 2022

À l’instar des didactiques des sciences et des technologies, les questions concernant la transposition se posent à la didactique de l’informatique, notamment dans l’enseignement professionnel. L’enseignement de l’informatique dans les filières professionnalisantes à l’université existe depuis les années 1960. Ces filières ont été peu prises en compte par la recherche en didactique. Pour autant, les difficultés posées par ce type d’enseignement ne sont pas toutes résolues. Nous étudions, d’une part, les situations et savoirs de référence prescrits par les programmes pédagogiques nationaux (PPN) en IUT. D’autre part, nous interrogeons la manière dont les enseignants en informatique pensent les pratiques et les savoirs de référence et conçoivent les situations didactiques, dans des champs professionnels où pratiques et savoirs se renouvellent rapidement. Notre étude exploratoire s’appuie sur l’analyse comparée des PPN et la réalisation d’entretiens semi-directifs avec 16 enseignants exerçant dans la filière informatique et la filière Métiers du multimédia et de l’internet (MMI). Les résultats obtenus montrent que différentes transpositions sont prescrites mais restent à la charge des enseignants. Ceux-ci construisent un réseau de ressources de confiance pour eux-mêmes. Ils opèrent des arbitrages entre savoirs pragmatiques et savoirs théoriques. Ils élaborent des situations d’enseignement relevant de l’informatique en contexte ou d’une transposition didactique de situations professionnelles.
Optimal Design and Techno-Economic Analysis of a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic and Battery Hybrid Energy System
Authors: Adefarati Temitope , Sharma Gulshan , Onaolapo Adeniyi K. , Njepu Ambrose , Akindeji Kayode Timothy , Oladejo S. Oladayo , Obikoya Gbenga Daniel , Adeyanju Ibrahim
Published: May 2022

The application of green energy technologies (GETs) has been accepted universally due to the industrial revolution, increasing energy demand, high standard of living, population growth and fluctuation of crude oil prices. In view of this, GETs have been recognized on a global note as a promising and significant alternative to meet ever increasing power demand. This research work is aimed at optimal operation and design of hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) to enhance the performance of the power system while taking into consideration the energy produced, levelized cost of energy (LCOE), return on investment (ROI), solar fraction (SF), net present value (NPV), payback period and saved CO2 emissions based on the photovoltaic (PV) orientation. This is due to the fact that the solar panel generates more electrical output when its surface is perpendicular to the solar radiation. The PV orientation significantly affects the output of a solar farm, for this reason, fixed tilted plane, vertical axis tracking system and two axes tracking system are proposed in this research work to estimate their effects on the technical, economic and environmental performance of HRES. This paper presents a grid-connected HRES that comprises utility grid, PV, battery system (BS) and load. The modelling and simulation of HRES are implemented by using PVsyst.7 energy tools in conjunction with the meteorological data made available by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The research outputs show that the two axes tracking system is more techno-economic feasible when compared with the fixed tilted plane and vertical axis tracking system based on the following results: Energy obtained from the grid of 4.657 MW/yr, LCOE of 0.075 ZAR/kWh, ROI of 862.7%, SF of 0.6781, NPV of 828,881.74 ZAR, payback period of 3.5 years and carbon balance of 732.240 tons. The outcomes of the study can be used by the power system planners and designers as benchmarks to utilize the prospect of solar resources for power sector reform and the industrial revolution.
Experimental Investigation of Machining Time and Optimization of Machining Parameters Using RSM and Genetic Algorithm (GA) on 2205-Duplex Stainless Steel
Authors: Gopal Mahesh , Gutema Endalkachew Mosisa , Solomon Yigrem
Published: May 2022

Duplex stainless steel has become one of the fastest-growing materials in the stainless steel family due to pitting resistance, stress-corrosion cracking, the combination of excellent mechanical properties, production features, and the area of applications such as oil and gas, nuclear and thermal power plants, chemical processing industries, saltwater processing industries, and pipeline systems. However, it is more difficult to machine due to its high toughness, low thermal conductivity, and ductility. The experiment has conducted using 2205- Duplex Stainless steel round bar material considering carbide cutting tools using Computer Numerical Control lathe to estimate machining time to address and meet the industrial need. Using Central Composite Designed by using Response Surface Methodology technique develops a second-order mathematical model based on the machining parameters. The Analysis of Variance technique was used to investigate the material's performance characteristics, and the impact of cutting parameters on the work piece was analyzed using the Design Expert-V12 software. Cutting speed is the most crucial determining factor compared to other factors. The Genetic Algorithm is trained and tested in MATLAB to evaluate the best possible solutions. The genetic Algorithm recommends the most outstanding lowest predicted value of 1.2204 mm. The confirmatory analysis shows the experimental values, and their error percentage is within ±2%; these shows indicated predicted values are very close to the Genetic Algorithm results. The conclusions were in good agreement with the experimental machining time values.
Numerical Size Optimization of Cervical Spine Disc Prosthesis Mobi-C Using Design of Experiment Technics
Authors: Chenaifi Khalil , Messellek Cherif Ali , Benabid Yacine
Published: May 2022

The cervical spine is a structure subject to various vertebral injuries, namely, herniation of intervertebral discs and osteoporosis. Nowadays, several segments of society are vulnerable to these diseases that affect spine motion especially elderly people and women. Hence, various designs of cervical artificial discs are in use or under investigation claiming to restore the normal kinematics of the cervical spine. In this work, it is proposed to minimize the stress level by numerical size optimization in the Mobi-C cervical spine prosthesis to improve their biomechanical performances. For this aim, design of experiment (DoE) is employed as an optimization technique to investigate three geometrical parameters of the prosthesis design. Accordingly, DoE optimization allowed to minimize the equivalent stress value on Mobi-C from 20.3 MPa to 17.856 MPa corresponding to a percentage decrease of 12% from the original geometry. This provides an advantage for the durability of the prosthesis and also for the bone by reducing stress concentration.
Comorbidities of male patients with sexual dysfunction in a psychiatry clinic
Authors: Das Jnanamay , Yadav Shailly
Published: May 2022

Background:

Previous studies assessed the association of sexual dysfunction (SD) in cases of specific organic and psychiatric disorders separately as risk factors of SD, but the extent of association of various disorders in cases of SD was rarely evaluated. This study was conducted to assess almost all types of comorbidities to find out their effects on SD in male patients and to make complete diagnoses.

Materials and Methods:

All male patients aged between 18 and 60 years reporting with sexual problems to the psychiatry outpatient department were evaluated with Arizona sexual experiences scale (ASEX) for males. Their assessment included detailed medical and psychiatric history including medicine intake, physical and mental status examination. Relevant biochemical investigations were done including sex hormone assessment.

Results:

Among 104 males diagnosed as cases of SD according to the ASEX scale in 1 year period only 75 patients completed all the biochemical and hormonal assessments. It was observed that 38.67% were diagnosed as SD without any comorbidity, 25.33% had biochemical or hormonal or physical comorbidities, 21.33% had psychiatric comorbidities and 14.67% had psychiatric as well as biochemical or hormonal or physical comorbidities (n = 75). The severity of SD was higher in the patients with comorbidity and the age of the patients predicted its severity.

Conclusion:

All cases of SD should be assessed in detail for physical, biochemical, hormonal, and psychiatric comorbidities to treat them holistically. Psychiatrists should play a key role in assessing, diagnosing, treating, and referring them to the appropriate treatment provider.
Efficacy of family psychoeducation on drug compliance, self-esteem and caregivers’ burden among selected psychiatric inpatients from a tertiary care centre, North India
Authors: Bhawana Kureel , Chellappan Xavier Belsiyal , Rohilla Jitender
Published: May 2022

Background:

Lack of awareness has alarmingly raised the proportion of drug noncompliance among psychiatric patients, which are proven worrisome not only to the patients but also to their caregivers. An individually tailored family psychoeducation will address the issue by enhancing the knowledge among patients and their caregivers.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of family psychoeducation on drug compliance, self-esteem, and caregiver's burden among psychotic and mood disorder patients in a selected tertiary care center, Uttarakhand, India.

Methods:

A quasi-experimental study was performed among 120 participants using total enumerative sampling in a general hospital psychiatric ward. Data were collected from patients and caregivers using the Medication Adherence Rating Scale, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, and Zarit burden interview-22. The outcome measures were evaluated in the 2 and 4th weeks, and data were analyzed using the descriptive (frequency, percentage) and inferential statistics (Friedman analysis of variance, Wilcoxon signed-rank test) using the SPSS software version 23.0.

Results:

The present study showed that almost 30% of patients were noncompliant with their drug regime (mean ± standard deviation, 4.23 ± 1.57), and a majority (63.33%) of them presented with a low level of self-esteem. Furthermore, 71.7% and 13.3% of caregivers experienced a moderate and severe burden. An increase in drug compliance (35%) and self-esteem (31%) and a decrease in caregivers’ burden (13%) were observed after the administration of family psychoeducation (P = 0.00).

Conclusion:

There is a great need to provide family psychoeducation on a routine basis in general hospitals. Patients with higher self-esteem will ultimately show improved social and occupational functionality resulting in satisfactory treatment compliance and decreased caregivers’ burden.
Impact of LBC Fixative Type and Fixation Time on Molecular Analysis of Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Izuhara Junya , Kanayama Kazuki
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

Liquid-based cytology (LBC) has been widely used since 2000. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) analysis of residual specimens in LBC fixative may also be performed for pancreatic cancer in the near future. We examined cell morphology, antigenicity and nucleic acids in pancreatic cancer cells at different fixation times using two types of LBC fixatives.

Methods:

PANC-1 cells were fixed in 1 ml CytoRich Red (CR), CytoRich Blue (CB), 95% ethanol (95% AL) or 10% neutral buffered formalin (10% NBF) and evaluated for cell area, antigenicity and nucleic acids with fixation times of 1 hour and 1, 3, 9, and 14 days. Antigenicity was evaluated by immunocytochemical staining for p53 and CK20, and nucleic acid fragmentation was assessed by real-time PCR.

Results:

There was no difference in total cell area between 1 hour and 14 day fixation times for the CR group, but the CB group showed cell contraction with 9 days fixation. In immunocytochemical staining, the CR group showed high p53 and CK20 positivity even after 14 days fixation. The CB group had a lower p53 positive rate than the CR group from 1 hour fixation. For nucleic acid fragmentation, Ct values for the CR group increased with fixation time. The CB group had consistently low Ct values.

Conclusion:

Different LBC fixatives and fixation time can have varying effects on cell morphology, antigenicity and nucleic acids in pancreatic cancer cells. Therefore, fixative type and fixation time should be considered for molecular testing on residual samples in LBC fixatives.
An Investigation of the Relationship between the Functional Status of the Individuals with Knee Osteoarthritis and their Quality of Life
Authors: Adigüzel L , Kiliç D
Published: May 2022

Background:

Knee osteoarthritis, a chronic and degenerative joint disease, is more common among the growing elderly population. With the increasing life expectancy and obesity, the significance of knee osteoarthritis for public health has become more evident.

Aim:

This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between the functional status of individuals with knee osteoarthritis and their quality of life.

Patients and Methods:

The population of the study consisted of individuals with 1-4 s level of knee osteoarthritis diagnosed over the age of 50 who attended the physical therapy and rehabilitation polyclinic at Atatürk University hospital. The study was carried out with 129 individuals with knee osteoarthritis without sample selection. The data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and analyzed with SPSS 22.00 statistical package program using frequency, percentage, t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis H test, and Dunnett T3 post hoc test.

Results:

According to the results, the KOOS Function and Daily Life scores showing the functional status of the participants were 46.61 ± 16.17. The Function and Sports/Leisure Activities subscale scores were 29.49 ± 23.73, and the mean scores of the Quality of Life subscale were 34.15 ± 18.11. A positive significant relationship was determined between the functional status and the quality of life in the individuals.

Conclusions:

As the functional status of individuals improves, the quality of life increases too.
Comparison of Long-Term Results of Obliterative Colpocleisis and Reconstructive Vaginal Surgery including Sacrospinous Ligament Fixation in Patients with Total Genital Prolapse
Authors: Agacayak E , Bulut M , Peker N , Gündüz R , Tunc SY , Evsen MS , Gül T
Published: May 2022

Background:

Treatment of total genital prolapse in elderly patients is still controversial in terms of postoperative objective and subjective results.

Aim:

The present study aimed to compare the long-term objective and subjective cure rates of sacrospinous ligament fixation and Le Fort operation for treatment of total genital prolapse.

Patients and Methods:

Patients over the age of 60 with stage 3 or 4 pelvic organ prolapse that presented to the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic of the Faculty of Medicine of *** University. The study sample consisted of 17 patients that underwent Le Fort operation and 29 patients that underwent sacrospinous ligament fixation. Data on duration of operation, intraoperative complications, duration of hospital stay, and differences between preoperative and postoperative estimated blood loss, postoperative complications, and relapse in the long term were obtained. Questionnaires exploring quality of life, incontinence, and pelvic floor disorders were applied to the patients.

Results:

As subjective cure rates, postoperative patient satisfaction (P = 0.001), regret rate (P = 0.038) and recommendation rate (P = 0.044), as well as postoperative questionnaire results, Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire and SF36 were found to be significantly better in the Le Fort group (respectively P = 0.039 and 0.042). As objective cure rates, there was no difference between the two groups in terms of postoperative cystocele, rectocele, and cystorectocele (P = 0.955) and postoperative recurrence of prolapse beyond the hymen (P: 0.893). Duration of operation and duration of hospital stay were found to be significantly shorter in the Le Fort group (respectively P = 0.032 and 0.012).

Conclusion:

Le Fort operation could be the intervention of choice in sexually inactive elderly patients with stage 3 or 4 pelvic organ prolapse.
Randomized Split-Mouth Study for Evaluating the Efficacy of Nimesulide and Nimesulide + Thiocolchicoside Combination Following Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Surgery
Authors: Kasapoglu MB , Cebi AT
Published: May 2022

Background and Aim:

This study aimed to evaluate acute postoperative pain management and trismus in 35 patients undergoing extractions of the two mandibular third molars, in mesioangular positions, at two different visits who consumed nimesulide + thiocolchicoside or only nimesulide.

Material and Methods:

According to the medication given, the patients were divided into two groups. Following the first surgery of the impacted third molar patients were given nimesulide (100 mg) + thiocolchicoside (8 mg) together. The healing period was waited for 15 days and in the poursuite of the second surgery, only nimesulide (100 mg) was administered every 12 hours for 7 days. Visual analog scales (VAS) were used to assess the pain in the 6th, 8th, 12th, 24th, and 48th hours and on the 3rd, 5th, and 7th days postoperatively. Digital calipers were used to measure (in mm) the mouth opening capacity pre and postoperatively on the 2nd and 7th days, respectively.

Results:

Regarding pain alleviation, the nimesulide + thiocolchicoside group was more effective than the nimesulide group. The VAS levels of nimesulide + thiocolchicoside at the 6th, 8th, 12th, 24th, and 48th hours and on the 3rd and 5th days were significantly lower than the nimesulide group. The mouth opening was observed higher in the nimesulide + thiocolchicoside group than in the nimesulide group (P > 0.05). In the nimesulide group, at the end of the 7th day, the trismus measurements were less than the preoperative measurements. There was no statistically significant difference in the Nimesulide + Thiocolchicoside group in the preop-7th days.

Conclusion:

Nimesulide (100 mg) + thiocolchicoside (8 mg) combination has higher analgesic efficacy and better trismus outcomes compared to only nimesulide (100 mg) when orally administered following mandibular third molar surgeries.
A Retrospective Study of Factors Contributing to Anchorage Loss in Upper Premolar Extraction Cases
Authors: Su H , Xu K , Han B , Chen G , Xu T
Published: May 2022

Background:

Anchorage control is one of the components in the treatment of extraction cases. However, what determines more or less anchorage loss is still an unanswered question. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the most important factors contributing to the anchorage loss of maxillary first molars in premolar extraction cases.

Materials and Methods:

The study included 726 upper premolar extraction cases, including 214 male patients and 512 female patients, and the mean age was 14.4 ± 4.5 years old (range: 9-45). Factors including physiological characteristics, treatment mechanics, and cephalometric variables were collected and their influences on the angulation changes of maxillary first molars were analyzed.

Results:

The mean angulation change of maxillary first molar after treatment was 2.81°(mesial tipping). The change of UM/PP showed a statistically significant difference in different sex (male 3.84° ± 5.26° vs female 2.38° ± 5.10°), age (adult -0.05° ± 4.73° vs teenager 3.46° ± 5.07°), and molar relationship (Class II 3.28° ± 5.15° vs Class I 2.36° ± 5.19°). There are six variables accounted in the regression analysis (R = 0.608, R
2 = 37.0%). Among them, the pre-treatment molar tipping (Standardized Coefficients: -0.65) and the pre-treatment incisor/molar height ratio (Standardized Coefficients: -0.27) were the most important factors influencing anchorage loss during treatment.

Conclusion:

Compared with treatment-related factors, the patient's physiological characteristics play a more important role in anchorage loss. The pre-treatment angulation of the maxillary first molar is the most influential factor in changes to maxillary molar angulation, which are often predisposing anchorage loss.
Impact of the Peer Education Model on Nursing Students' Anxiety and Psychomotor Skill Performance
Authors: Bahar A , Kocaçal E , Maraş GB
Published: May 2022

Background:

Peer-assisted education (PAE) is a collaborative and active learning strategy in which another student or another student group teaches one group of students. This model is quite widely used in social and health science vocational education.

Aim:

This study was carried out to determine the effect of peer education on clinical skill learning and anxiety in nursing students. A quasi-experimental and a single-blinded design were used.

Subjects and Methods:

This study was conducted using experimental (n = 45) and control groups (n = 47) in a university in the Central Anatolia Region, Turkey. A total of 92 students were included. The experimental group received peer education nursing skills. The control group also received education in the traditional model. An Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) pretest and posttest were used to assess student performance.

Results:

It was found that the total scores of posttraining exam success in both experimental and control groups increased (35.20 ± 4.63; 36.70 ± 5.36, respectively) and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.264). The posttest scores of anxiety in the experimental group were less than the control group (30.18 ± 2.25; 41.21 ± 4.20, respectively).

Conclusions:

The use of the peer education model in nursing education has been found to reduce the level of learning anxiety and positively affect psycho-motor skill acquisition. It is proposed to be used as an alternative method in vocational skills training within this context in this area.
A Tale of Two Syndromes
Authors: Babalola Yewande O. , Oluleye Tunji S. , Majekodunmi Oluwole I. , Ijaduola Modupe A.
Published: May 2022

A 54-year-old female Nigerian presented with a 1-week history of sudden deterioration of vision in both eyes. There was no antecedent history of ocular trauma, floaters, nor flashes of light. However, she gave a history of a febrile illness associated with headaches and malaise 2 weeks prior to onset of ocular symptoms. She is a known retroviral-positive patient on treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy for the past 5 years but is not a known hypertensive nor diabetic. At presentation, the best corrected visual acuity was hand movement in both eyes. Anterior segment examination of both eyes revealed fine keratic precipitates on the corneal endothelium with flare and inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber and grade 1 nuclear sclerosis. Dilated binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy of both eyes revealed pink disks with blurred margins total exudative retinal detachments. An assessment of Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada syndrome in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was made. Bilateral exudative detachment resolved with improvement of her best corrected visual acuity to 6/9 in both eyes after systemic treatment with steroids.
Pattern of Ophthalmic Lesions in a Tertiary Health Institution in South-South, Nigeria
Authors: Inaku Kenneth O. , Ibanga Affiong , Omotoso Ayodele J. , Bassey Ima-Abasi , Okonkwo Sunday N. , Kooffreh-Ada Mbang , Ebughe Godwin A. , Ada Peter G.
Published: May 2022

Objective:

Ophthalmic tumors are tumors that occur in the eyes and other related structures. These lesions involve a wide range of pathologic conditions ranging from benign to malignant lesions and are common in Africa. Although there have been a number of published reviews on this subject, none was carried out in this environment. This study seeks to determine the pattern, prevalence, and types of ophthalmic tumors reported in Calabar, southern Nigeria.

Methods:

Patient’s hospital records were retrieved from the Department of Pathology, University of Calabar teaching hospital within the period of 2008 to 2016 and analyzed to obtain required information.

Results:

A total of 70 ophthalmic tumors were diagnosed during the study period of which 50.0% were malignant. Males were slightly more affected than females (ratio 1.3:1) accounting for about 55.7%. The top three ophthalmic malignant tumors were squamous cell carcinoma, retinoblastoma, and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma contributing 21.4%, 17.1%, and 5.7%, respectively, of all eye tumors. Dermoid cyst (8.5%) was the most common benign ophthalmic tumor reported. In all, three cancer incidence peaks were observed at 0 to 10 (42.9%), 21 to 40 (43.2%), and 41 to 50 (14.3%) age groups. Retinoblastoma was the most common cancer in children and squamous cell carcinoma was commoner among adults.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of malignant and benign eye tumors was the same in this review. A delay in diagnosis was a characteristic feature. Early presentation to eye-care facilities for appropriate and early intervention is highly recommended to prevent potential loss of eyesight and even death.
Brown measures of free circular and multiplicative Brownian motions with self-adjoint and unitary initial conditions
Authors: Ho Ching-Wei , Zhong Ping
Published: May 2022

Let

Z_N

be a Ginibre ensemble and let

A_N

be a Hermitian random matrix independent of

Z_N

such that

A_N

converges in distribution to a self-adjoint random variable

x_0

in a

W^*

-probability space

(\mathscr{A},\tau)

. For each

t>0

, the random matrix

A_N+\sqrt{t}\,Z_N

converges in

\ast

-distribution to

x_0+c_t

, where

c_t

is a circular variable of variance

t

, freely independent of

x_0

. We use the Hamilton–Jacobi method to compute the Brown measure

\rho_t

of

x_0+c_t

. The Brown measure has a density that is
constant along the vertical direction
inside the support. The support of the Brown measure of

x_0+c_t

is related to the subordination function of the free additive convolution of

x_0+s_t

, where

s_t

is a semicircular variable of variance

t

, freely independent of

x_0

. Furthermore, the push-forward of

\rho_t

by a natural map is the law of

x_0+s_t

.

Let

G_N(t)

be the Brownian motion on the general linear group and let

U_N

be a unitary random matrix independent of

G_N(t)

such that

U_N

converges in distribution to a unitary random variable

u

in

(\mathscr{A},\tau)

. The random matrix

U_NG_N(t)

converges in

\ast

-distribution to

ub_t

where

b_t

is the free multiplicative Brownian motion, freely independent of

u

. We compute the Brown measure

\mu_t

of

ub_t

, extending the recent work by Driver–Hall–Kemp, which corresponds to the case

u=I

. The measure has a density of the special form

\frac{1}{r^2}w_t(\theta)

in polar coordinates in its support. The support of

\mu_t

is related to the subordination function of the free multiplicative convolution of

uu_t

where

u_t

is the free unitary Brownian motion, freely independent of

u

. The push-forward of

\mu_t

by a natural map is the law of

uu_t

.

In the special case that

u

is Haar unitary, the Brown measure

\mu_t

follows the
annulus law
. The support of the Brown measure of

ub_t

is an annulus with inner radius

e^{-t/2}

and outer radius

e^{t/2}

. In its support, the density in polar coordinates is given by

\frac{1}{2\pi t}\,\frac{1}{r^2}.
Fast convergence of empirical barycenters in Alexandrov spaces and the Wasserstein space
Authors: Le Gouic Thibaut , Paris Quentin , Rigollet Philippe , Stromme Austin J.
Published: May 2022

This work establishes fast rates of convergence for empirical barycenters over a large class of geodesic spaces with curvature bounds in the sense of Alexandrov. More specifically, we show that parametric rates of convergence are achievable under natural conditions that characterize the bi-extendibility of geodesics emanating from a barycenter. These results largely advance the state-of-the-art on the subject both in terms of rates of convergence and the variety of spaces covered. In particular, our results apply to infinite-dimensional spaces such as the 2-Wasserstein space, where bi-extendibility of geodesics translates into regularity of Kantorovich potentials.
Studies of quantum mechanics/molecular docking on zanubrutinib as potential repurposed against Covid-19
Authors: Madadi Mahani Nosrat , Zia Mohammadi Sayed
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT. Recently, Zanubrutinib, as a novel, selective covalent and potent inhibitor Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK), has been used to treat COVID-19 patients. In this regard, the interaction of Zanubrutinib with Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor studied. The docking molecular and ONIOM2 (B3LYP/6-311G: UFF) methods were conducted to investigate the binding properties of Zanubrutinib with Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor. The active sites of the Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor is evaluated by docking molecular and is used for ONIOM2 calculations. The binding between Zanubrutinib and the BTK receptor is strong because values of the free binding energy are negative. The hydrogen bonds are formed between Zanubrutinib and three residues of the active amino acids Asn484, Arg 525, and Asn 526 at 2.69, 3.15, and 2.75 Å, respectively, which create through the O-atom, and the N-atom of Zanubrutinib. ONIOM2 calculation was displayed that the stability system in the solvent phase is higher than the gas-phase, which can occur due to the solvation of the species. Our results display the first mechanistic study of BTK inactivation by Zanubrutinib. This study can be helpful in the design of covalent drugs that target BTK and other similar targets.

 

               

KEY WORDS: Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Docking molecular, Zanubrutinib, Two-layer integrated orbital molecular mechanics

 

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(2), 479-485.                                                             

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i2.19