bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles via Ring‐Closing Ene—Ene and Ene—Yne Metathesis Reactions: An Easy Access to 1‐ and 2‐Benzazepine Scaffolds and Five‐ and Six‐Membered Lactams.
Authors: Benedetti Erica , Lomazzi Michela , Tibiletti Francesco , Goddard Jean‐Philippe , Fensterbank Louis , Malacria Max , Palmisano Giovanni , Penoni Andrea
Published: March 2013

Structurally diverse aniline derivatives or analogous benzylamines and benzamides are subjected to ring‐closing metathesis according to conditions A).
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(III)‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroamination of C‐(tetra‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐galactopyranosyl)allene.
Authors: Khamwong Chaleowsak , Kruanetr Senee , Sakee Uthai
Published: March 2013

The reaction is conducted under mild conditions with complete retention of the stereoconfiguration.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation, Characterization and Cytotoxic Activity of Benzophenone Glucopyranosides from Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl).
Authors: Zhang Sai‐Yang , Zhang Quan‐Hai , Zhao Wen , Zhang Xiao , Zhang Qi , Bi Yue‐Feng , Zhang Yan‐Bing
Published: March 2013

Mahkoside A (Ia) and B (Ib) are isolated from the nut shell part of Mahkota Dewa.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Synthesis and Structural Chemistry of Nonaqueous Actinide Complexes
Authors: Jones Matthew B. , Gaunt Andrew J.
Published: March 2013

Review: 311 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Highlights in Ketenimine Chemistry
Authors: Alajarin Mateo , Marin‐Luna Marta , Vidal Angel
Published: March 2013

Review: 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Immobilized Catalysts for Hydroformylation Reactions: A Versatile Tool for Aldehyde Synthesis
Authors: Neves Angela C. B. , Calvete Mario J. F. , Pinho e Melo Teresa M. V. D. , Pereira Mariette M.
Published: March 2013

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: CeO2‐Catalyzed Transformations of Nitriles and Amides
Authors: Tamura Masazumi , Shimizu Ken‐ichi , Satsuma Atsushi
Published: March 2013

Review: 87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Research of Heterocyclic Compounds as Antitubercular Agents
Authors: Yan Mi , Ma Shutao
Published: March 2013

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoredox Functionalization of C—H Bonds Adjacent to a Nitrogen Atom
Authors: Shi Lei , Xia Wujiong
Published: March 2013

Review: 62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent and Sequential Organocatalytic Reactions: Diversity with Atom‐Economy and Enantiocontrol
Authors: Marson Charles M.
Published: March 2013

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mixtures of Ionic Liquids
Authors: Niedermeyer Heiko , Hallett Jason P. , Villar‐Garcia Ignacio J. , Hunt Patricia A. , Welton Tom
Published: March 2013

Review: ca. 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Desymmetrization of meso‐Diols Mediated by Non‐Enzymatic Acyl Transfer Catalysts
Authors: Enriquez‐Garcia Alvaro , Kuendig E. Peter
Published: March 2013

Review: 140 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Coupling Reactions for the Synthesis of C‐Glycosides and Related Compounds
Authors: Merino Pedro , Tejero Tomas , Marca Eduardo , Gomollon‐Bel Fernando , Delso Ignacio , Matute Rosa
Published: March 2013

Review: 121 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Comparison of Asymmetric Hydrogenations of Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids and Esters
Authors: Khumsubdee Sakunchai , Burgess Kevin
Published: March 2013

Review: 78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Transition Metal Catalyzed Addition Reactions of H‐P(O) Compounds with Unsaturated Carbon Linkages
Authors: Tanaka Masato
Published: March 2013

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Common Aspects of Boronic Acids and Chalcogen Chemistry
Authors: Borys Krzysztof M. , Sporzynski Andrzej , Adamczyk‐Wozniak Agnieszka
Published: March 2013

Review: 146 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of β‐Lactams and Their Chemical Manipulations via Microwave‐induced Reactions
Authors: Banik Indrani , Banik Bimal K.
Published: March 2013

Review: 154 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Receptors for Pristine Fullerenes Based on Concave‐Convex .pi±pi. Interactions
Authors: Kawase Takeshi
Published: March 2013

Review: 115 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Lysine48‐Based Polyubiquitin Chain Proteasomal Signal: Not a Single Child Anymore
Authors: Kravtsova‐Ivantsiv Yelena , Sommer Thomas , Ciechanover Aaron
Published: March 2013

Review: ca. 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Aluminum Waste Reaction Indicators in a Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
Authors: Stark Timothy D. , Martin Jeffrey W. , Gerbasi Gina T. , Thalhamer Todd , Gortner R. Edwin
Published: March 2013

Review: 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Flow Syntheses
Authors: Wiles Charlotte , Watts Paul
Published: March 2013

Review: 110 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Movies of Molecular Motions and Reactions: The Single‐Molecule, Real‐Time Transmission Electron Microscope Imaging Technique
Authors: Nakamura Eiichi
Published: March 2013

Review: 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances and New Directions in Gas‐Sensing Devices
Authors: Kim Il‐Doo , Rothschild Avner , Tuller Harry L.
Published: March 2013

Review: 184 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Observing Heterogeneous Catalysts While They Are Working Using Operando Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Guerrero‐Perez M. Olga , Banares M. A.
Published: March 2013

Review: 14 refs.
An overview of conversion of residues from coal liquefaction processes
Authors: Khare S. , Dell'Amico M.
Published: March 2013

Direct coal liquefaction (DCL) is a process for converting coal to synthetic oils, which can be refined to make transportation fuels. Residue from this process contains inorganic material such as mineral matter originating from the coal and catalysts, and organic matter such as unconverted coal, heavy oils, pre‐asphaltenes and asphaltenes. The conversion of these DCL residues to lighter, high‐value products is an important step in helping to make this technology both commercially viable and environmentally acceptable. This paper provides an overview of the physico‐chemical characteristics and processing options available for coal liquefaction residues and compares and contrasts them to those of petroleum residues.

Residue properties vary considerably, since they are highly dependent on feed coal, process configuration and operating conditions. Determination of composition and structural parameters of products derived from residue conversion can help determine their stability, coking and solvent hydrogen donating ability. Thermal conversion processes such as visbreaking and gasification offer the greatest promise for handling these heavy materials. The conversion chemistry, reactivity and kinetics of residue gasification are not well‐understood but are important in optimising hydrogen production for the process.

The literature has been comprehensively reviewed to provide characteristics and properties of residues and their potential for conversion. In addition, the potential for producing high‐value carbon products from residues is briefly discussed.
Ultrasound‐assisted adsorption of reactive blue 21 dye on TiO2 in the presence of some rare earths (La, Ce, Pr & Gd)
Authors: Srivastava Pankaj , Goyal Shikha , Tayade Rajesh
Published: March 2013

Adsorption of reactive blue (RB) 21 dye in the aqueous solution has been carried out on TiO2 alone and in combination with rare earth ions [La3+, Ce4+, Pr3+ and Gd3+] in the presence and absence of ultrasound. The formation of adsorbent (TiO2) from tetra n‐butyl orthotitanate and its characterisation has been done through X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Raman spectroscopy and N2 adsorption techniques. Complete decolourisation was achieved in 5 min in the presence of US + TiO2 + Ce. The effects of initial concentration of dye, adsorbent dose and contact time on the decolourisation of dye have been examined under different experimental conditions. The removal of dye in the presence of ultrasound was (88–99%) compared to conventional stirring (62–69%).

  Adsorption behaviour has been analysed using Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich and Temkin isotherm models. RE–TiO2 combination had higher adsorption equilibrium constant (Kc) and better adsorption capacity (qmax) than TiO2 alone, both in the absence and presence of ultrasound, indicating the formation of Dye‐RE complex before sorption. This is confirmed from the shift in λmax from 626 to 616 cm−1. The kinetic data fit well with the pseudo‐second order kinetic model, and the adsorption process was spontaneous in the presence of rare earths. The mechanism of adsorption has been explained with the help of Weber–Morris intraparticle diffusion and Boyd kinetic models. A batch adsorber has been proposed for different TiO2 dose to effluent volume ratios using the Langmuir equation.
Derivative trade optimizing model utilizing GP based on behavioral finance theory
Authors: Matsumura Koki , Kawamoto Masaru
Published: March 2013

This paper proposes a new technique which creates strategy trees for derivative (option) trading investment decisions based on behavioral finance theory and optimizes them by evolutionary computation in order to achieve high profitability. The strategy tree uses technical analysis based on a statistical, experienced technique for investment decisions. The trading model is represented by various technical indexes, and the strategy tree is optimized by genetic programming (GP), a form of evolutionary computation. This paper also proposes a method using the prospect theory based on behavioral finance theory to set the psychological bias for profit and deficit and attempts to select the appropriate strike price of options for higher investment efficiency. This technique was found to produce good results and the effectiveness of this trading model by the optimized dealings strategy was demonstrated. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(4): 15–28, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary. com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11469
Perceptive curve detection by global edge tracing
Authors: Takagi Takamitsu , Saitoh Fumihiko
Published: March 2013

Human beings have an ability to perceive continuous curves from a binary image that includes discontinuous curves and noise. To achieve this capability, global detection is required. In the past, we have proposed a perceptive curve detection method with accumulation of the evaluation value of a partial curve. In addition, this paper proposes a method that is highly accurate based on global edge tracing. Experimental results show that the curves detected by the proposed method include no interruptions or branching. The subjective assessment of the method was greater than that of all other methods tested. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(4): 1–14, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11515 4
Mo3Q7 (Q = S, Se) Clusters Containing Dithiolate/Diselenolate Ligands: Synthesis, Structures, and Their Use as Precursors of Magnetic Single‐Component Molecular Conductors
Authors: Gushchin Artem L. , Llusar Rosa , Vicent Cristian , Abramov Pavel A. , Gómez‐Garcia Carlos J.
Published: March 2013

The coordination chemistry of dithiolene and diselenolene ligands towards the all‐selenium [Mo3Se7Br6]2– dianion has been investigated. Complexes (nBu4N)2[Zn(dmit)2] (dmit = 1,3‐dithia‐2‐thioxo‐4,5‐dithiolate) and (nBu4N)2[Zn(dsit)2] (dsit = 1,3‐dithia‐2‐thioxo‐4,5‐diselenolate) were employed as ligand precursors. The (nBu4N)2[Zn(dmit)2] complex in acetonitrile at reflux showed unexpected reactivity with [Mo3Se7Br6]2– dianion in which the inner Se atoms were replaced by S (all but the μ3‐Se atom) to afford a series of mixed chalcogen [Mo3Se7–xSx(dmit)3]2– (x = 0–6) dianions. Reaction of the [Mo3S4Se3Br6]2– dianion with (nBu4N)2[Zn(dmit)2] under similar conditions also produced a mixed dmit‐containing cluster formulated as [Mo3S7–xSex(dmit)3]2– (x = 0–3). The reactions were conveniently monitored by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The reactions of (nBu4N)2[Zn(dmit)2] and (nBu4N)2[Zn(dsit)2] with the [Mo3Se7Br6]2– dianion in dichloromethane at room temperature prevented chalcogen scrambling and allowed us to isolate the cluster salts (nBu4N)2[Mo3Se7(dmit)3] {(nBu4N)2[1]} and (nBu4N)2[Mo3Se7(dsit)3] {(nBu4N)2[2]} in analytically pure form. The crystallization of (nBu4N)2[1] from dichloromethane/diethyl ether resulted in (nBu4N)2[Mo3Se6.1S0.9(dmit)3] with partial substitution of the Seeq atoms in the cluster core. The crystal structure of (nBu4N)2[Mo3Se6.1S0.9(dmit)3] was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. Dianionic complexes (nBu4N)2[1], (nBu4N)2[2], and (nBu4N)2[Mo3Se7–xSx(dmit)3] (x = 0–6) were partially oxidized by iodine to afford dark semiconducting powders. These solids exhibit moderate electrical conductivities (7 × 10–2 to 6 × 10–3 S cm–1) and present antiferromagnetic exchange interactions and therefore represent new examples of magnetic Mo3Q7‐based single‐component conductors.
Highly Active [Pd(μ‐Cl)Cl(NHC)]2 Complexes in the Mizoroki–Heck Reaction
Authors: Tessin Ulrike I. , Bantreil Xavier , Songis Olivier , Cazin Catherine S. J.
Published: March 2013

A series of Pd dimers bearing an N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand was studied in the Mizoroki–Heck reaction. [Pd(μ‐Cl)Cl(SIPr)]2 (SIPr = {N,N′‐bis[2,6‐(diisopropyl)phenyl]imidazolidin‐2‐ylidene}) was shown to be highly efficient in this cross‐coupling for a range of aryl and heterocyclic bromides, with low palladium loading (20–200 ppm).
Lipid characteristics and phenolics of native grape seed oils grown in Turkey
Authors: Demirtas Ilknur , Pelvan Ebru , Özdemir İbrahim Sani , Alasalvar Cesarettin , Ertas Erdal
Published: March 2013

Grape seed oils of seven native Turkish cultivars (namely Atfi, Mazruna, Black Kerküş, Zeyti, Verdani, Karfoki, and Kerküş) were evaluated for their fatty acids, tocols, phytosterols as well as total phenolics and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values. Among the fatty acids, linoleic acid (18:2ω6) was the most abundant (56.38–68.56%), followed by oleic acid (16.45–29.38%, 18:1ω9), palmitic acid (8.19–9.44%, 16:0), and stearic acid (3.74–4.98%, 18:0). Total tocopherols and tocotrienol amounts varied in the range of 102.30–305.43 and 251.47–468.22 mg/kg, respectively. Beta‐sitosterol was the most abundant sterol among grape cultivars whose concentration ranging from 64.19 to 71.62%. Total phenolic content ranged from 2.19 to 4.70 mg of gallic acid equivalents/100 g oil, being lowest in Zeyti and highest in Verdani. With respect to antioxidant activities, a large variation in ORAC values was observed among grape seed oils (ranging from 1048 µmol of Trolox equivalents (TE)/100 g in Karfoki to 2569 µmol of TE/100 g in Mazruna).

Practical applications: The crude grape seed oils extracted from different cultivars are a good source of nutrients, fat‐soluble bioactives, and health‐promoting components.
Potential protective effect of Nigella sativa crude oils towards fatty liver in rats
Authors: Al‐Okbi Sahar Y. , Mohamed Doha A. , Hamed Thanaa E. , Edris Amr E.
Published: March 2013

The main purpose of the present research was to study the protective effect of Nigella sativa crude oils (NCO) extracted from plain and γ‐irradiated seeds towards inflammatory fatty liver (steatohepatitis). The protective effect of the oils was tested during induction of inflammatory fatty liver in rats through feeding high fructose diet. Biochemical analyses including plasma lipids, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and liver fat and liver function tests were carried out to determine the efficiency of the oils. Results showed that fatty liver control group exhibited significant dyslipidemia, high plasma TNF‐α and MDA along with significant high liver triglycerides and cholesterol and liver dysfunction compared to control normal. Oral administration of NCO produced significant improvement of all parameters. No significant change in all biochemical parameters was noticed when the group given γ‐irradiated NCO was compared with that given the plain oil. Lipid analysis by GC showed that linoleic and oleic where the most abundant fatty acids constituting NCO. Volatile oils' contents were 0.1 wt% of NCO; p‐cymene and thymoquinone being the major constituents. Administration of NCO from plain or γ‐irradiated seeds produced similar and significant, but not complete, prevention of inflammatory fatty liver.

Practical applications: This investigation revealed that the crude oil of Nigella sativa seed may potentially be used as dietary supplement for prevention of inflammatory fatty liver. The study also showed the chemical composition of the fixed and volatile oil fractions of the Egyptian N. sativa seeds that may be useful for further studies.
2H‐Pyran‐2‐ones from Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma asperellum
Authors: Wickel Susanne M. , Citron Christian A. , Dickschat Jeroen S.
Published: March 2013

Volatiles emitted by the soil fungi Trichoderma viride 272 and Trichoderma asperellum 328 were collected by using the closed loop stripping analysis (CLSA) headspace technique, and the obtained extracts were analysed by GC/MS. Several alkyl‐ and alkenyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐ones, including known compounds 6‐pentyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one and (E)‐6‐(pent‐1‐en‐1‐yl)‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one, and the new derivatives (E)‐6‐(pent‐2‐en‐1‐yl)‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one, 6‐propyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one, and 6‐heptyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one were found. The alkenyl derivative (E)‐6‐(hept‐1‐en‐1‐yl)‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one, previously tentatively identified from a marine Botrytis by MS analysis, was also detected. All alkenyl pyrones were synthesised by using a reported Stille coupling followed by lactonisation, whereas the alkylated pyrones were obtained through a reported synthetic approach by radical bromination of 5‐alkylpent‐2‐en‐5‐olides and dehydrobromination. Because the yields in both cases were not satisfactory and fell a long way short of the yields reported for similar compounds, all compounds were synthesised again using a gold‐catalysed coupling of terminal alkynes with propiolic acid recently developed by Schreiber and co‐workers, giving high yields in all cases. A comparison of the synthetic methods is given.
Robotic alliance of miniaturized synthesis and screening: A case study for the identification of histone deacetylase inhibitors
Authors: Groß G. Alexander , Singh Sukhdeep , Schlingloff Gregor , Schwienhorst Andreas , Riester Daniel , Wegener Dennis , Wurziger Hanns , Schober Andreas
Published: March 2013

Modern drug development in preclinical pharmaceutics is based on two fundamental processes: library synthesis and screening. Usually, synthesis and screening are separated processes that need a compound storage facility as an interface. Unfortunately, compound storage is a complex process and can lead to compound degradation. For this reason, the chemical identities of found screening hits have to be reanalyzed after the biological screening to be confident. Here, we present a robotic facility that combines solid‐phase one‐bead one‐compound synthesis and screening in a unified workflow using miniaturized formats for on‐demand library synthesis. The technical proof of concept was achieved by an exemplary run that combines the solid‐phase synthesis of a hydroxamate library and the subsequent biological screening for different histone deacetylase activities using a homogeneous fluorescence assay. Compound storage and related processing steps were thus omitted in this way. Technical concepts for all necessary steps and their robotic solutions for the integration of both synthesis and screening processes in one overall workflow are shown in detail. As a result, different enzyme selective histone deacetylase inhibitors were identified using the integrated workflow.
Potential bioavailability and chemical forms of Co and Ni in the biogas process—An evaluation based on sequential and acid volatile sulfide extractions
Authors: Gustavsson Jenny , Yekta Sepehr Shakeri , Karlsson Anna , Skyllberg Ulf , Svensson Bo H.
Published: March 2013

Several previous studies reported stimulatory effects on biogas process performance after trace metal supplementation. However, the regulation of the bioavailability in relation to chemical speciation, e.g. the role of sulfide is not fully understood. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of sulfide on chemical speciation and bioavailability of Co and Ni in lab‐scale semicontinuous stirred biogas tank reactors treating stillage. The chemical forms and potential bioavailability of Co and Ni were studied by sequential extraction, analysis of acid‐volatile sulfide (AVS), and simultaneously extracted metals. The results demonstrated that Ni was completely associated to the organic matter/sulfide fraction and AVS, suggesting low potential bioavailability. Cobalt was predominantly associated to organic matter/sulfide and AVS, but also to more soluble fractions, which are considered to be more bioavailable. Process data showed that both Co and Ni were available for microbial uptake. Although the actual bioavailability of Co could be explained by association to more bioavailable chemical fractions, the complete association of Ni with organic matter/sulfides and AVS implies that Ni was taken up despite its expected low bioavailability. It was concluded that extensive Co‐ and Ni‐sulfide precipitation did not inhibit microbial uptake of Co and Ni in the reactors.
Disruption of SMIM1 causes the Vel− blood type
Authors: Ballif Bryan A. , Helias Virginie , Peyrard Thierry , Menanteau Cécile , Saison Carole , Lucien Nicole , Bourgouin Sébastien , Le Gall Maude , Cartron Jean‐Pierre , Arnaud Lionel
Published: March 2013

Here, we report the biochemical and genetic basis of the Vel blood group antigen, which has been a vexing mystery for decades, especially as anti‐Vel regularly causes severe haemolytic transfusion reactions. The protein carrying the Vel blood group antigen was biochemically purified from red blood cell membranes. Mass spectrometry‐based de novo peptide sequencing identified this protein to be small integral membrane protein 1 (SMIM1), a previously uncharacterized single‐pass membrane protein. Expression of SMIM1 cDNA in Vel− cultured cells generated anti‐Vel cell surface reactivity, confirming that SMIM1 encoded the Vel blood group antigen. A cohort of 70 Vel− individuals was found to be uniformly homozygous for a 17 nucleotide deletion in the coding sequence of SMIM1. The genetic homogeneity of the Vel− blood type, likely having a common origin, facilitated the development of two highly specific DNA‐based tests for rapid Vel genotyping, which can be easily integrated into blood group genotyping platforms. These results answer a 60‐year‐old riddle and provide tools of immediate assistance to all clinicians involved in the care of Vel− patients.
COX‐1‐dependent prostaglandin D2 in microglia contributes to neuropathic pain via DP2 receptor in spinal neurons
Authors: Kanda Hirosato , Kobayashi Kimiko , Yamanaka Hiroki , Noguchi Koichi
Published: March 2013

Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme synthesizes prostaglandins (PGs) from arachidonic acid and exists as two major isozymes, COX‐1 and COX‐2. The crucial role of prostaglandins in the pathogenesis of inflammatory pain in peripheral tissue and the spinal cord has been established; however its expression dynamics after peripheral nerve injury and its role in neuropathic pain are not clear. In this study, we examined the detailed expression patterns of genes for COX, PGD2 and thromboxane A2 synthases and their receptors in the spinal cord. Furthermore, we explored the altered gene expression of these molecules using the spared nerve injury (SNI) model. We also examined whether these molecules have a role in the development or maintenance of neuropathic pain. We found a number of interesting results in this study, the first was that COX‐1 was constitutively expressed in the spinal cord and up‐regulated in microglia located in laminae I‐II after nerve injury. Second, COX‐2 mRNA expression was induced in blood vessels after nerve injury. Third, TXA2 synthase and hematopoietic PGD synthase mRNAs were dramatically increased in the microglia after nerve injury. Finally, we found that intrathecal injection of a COX‐1 inhibitor and DP2 receptor antagonist significantly attenuated the mechanical allodynia. Our findings indicate that PGD2 produced by microglia is COX‐1 dependent, and that neurons in the spinal cord can receive PGD2 from microglia following peripheral nerve injury. We believe that PGD2 signaling via DP2 signaling pathway from microglia to neurons is one of the triggering factors for mechanical allodynia in this neuropathic pain model.
More hurricanes to hit western Europe due to global warming
Authors: Haarsma Reindert J. , Hazeleger Wilco , Severijns Camiel , de Vries Hylke , Sterl Andreas , Bintanja Richard , van Oldenborgh Geert Jan , van den Brink Henk W.
Published: March 2013

We use a very high resolution global climate model (~25 km grid size) with prescribed sea surface temperatures to show that greenhouse warming enhances the occurrence of hurricane‐force (> 32.6 m s–1) storms over western Europe during early autumn (August–October), the majority of which originate as a tropical cyclone. The rise in Atlantic tropical sea surface temperatures extends eastward the breeding ground of tropical cyclones, yielding more frequent and intense hurricanes following pathways directed toward Europe. En route they transform into extratropical depressions and reintensify after merging with the midlatitude baroclinic unstable flow. Our model simulations clearly show that future tropical cyclones are more prone to hit western Europe, and do so earlier in the season, thereby increasing the frequency and impact of hurricane force winds.
Could a future “Grand Solar Minimum” like the Maunder Minimum stop global warming?
Authors: Meehl Gerald A. , Arblaster Julie M. , Marsh Daniel R.
Published: March 2013

A future Maunder Minimum type grand solar minimum, with total solar irradiance reduced by 0.25% over a 50 year period from 2020 to 2070, is imposed in a future climate change scenario experiment (RCP4.5) using, for the first time, a global coupled climate model that includes ozone chemistry and resolved stratospheric dynamics (Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model). This model has been shown to simulate two amplifying mechanisms that produce regional signals of decadal climate variability comparable to observations, and thus is considered a credible tool to simulate the Sun's effects on Earth's climate. After the initial decrease of solar radiation in 2020, globally averaged surface air temperature cools relative to the reference simulation by up to several tenths of a degree Centigrade. By the end of the grand solar minimum in 2070, the warming nearly catches up to the reference simulation. Thus, a future grand solar minimum could slow down but not stop global warming.
Potential of equatorial Atlantic variability to enhance El Niño prediction
Authors: Keenlyside N. S. , Ding Hui , Latif M.
Published: March 2013

Extraordinarily strong El Niño events, such as those of 1982/1983 and 1997/1998, have been poorly predicted by operational seasonal forecasts made before boreal spring, despite significant advances in understanding, improved models, and enhanced observational networks. The Equatorial Atlantic Zonal Mode—a phenomenon similar to El Niño but much weaker and peaking in boreal summer—impacts winds over the Pacific, and hence affects El Niño, and also potentially its predictability. Here we use a climate model to perform a suite of seasonal predictions with and without sea surface temperature (SST) in the Atlantic restored to observations. We show for the first time that knowledge of equatorial Atlantic SST significantly improves the prediction across boreal spring of major El Niño events and also weaker variability. This is because Atlantic SST acts to modulate El Niño variability, rather than triggering events. Our results suggest that better prediction of major El Niño events might be achieved through model improvement in the equatorial Atlantic.
How does Arctic summer wind modulate sea ice‐ocean heat balance in the Canada Basin?
Authors: Watanabe Eiji , Ogi Masayo
Published: March 2013

The impacts of Arctic summer wind on ice‐ocean heat processes in the sea ice reduction zone were investigated using a pan‐Arctic ice‐ocean model. The interannual simulation demonstrated event‐like sea ice melting because of enhanced solar radiation input and upward ocean heat transfer in the Canada Basin area. Both factors were derived from mechanical ice divergence under cyclonic wind stress. Atmospheric heat penetration into the newly formed open leads was estimated to be a primary contributor to sea ice lateral/bottom melting. The vertical ocean heat flux associated with wind‐driven upwelling/mixing was the secondary factor on a monthly time scale. The modeled interannual variability indicated that the relative role of internal ocean dynamics in sea ice variability was greater under cyclonic wind patterns compared with anticyclonic wind conditions.
Redefining classification of central neck dissection in differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: McAlister Edward D. , Goldstein David P. , Rotstein Lorne E.
Published: March 2013

Therapeutic central neck dissection for differentiated thyroid cancer is recommended in the setting of clinically positive disease. The role of lymphadenectomy in patients with clinically negative disease is a matter of controversy and therefore extent of surgery varies. The boundaries of the central neck are variably described, as are the components of a central neck dissection. Patients with aggressive disease are managed with a comprehensive dissection, yet there is no classification system to distinguish this from a less rigorous operation. Therefore, there is variability in reporting and difficulty in the interpretation of results in the published literature. Here we propose a novel classification system for central neck dissection in thyroid cancer that allows accurate reporting of extent of surgery. The objectives are to reduce ambivalence and allow documentation of extent of lymphadenectomy, such that comparisons can be made between the varied strategies in the management of the central compartment. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 286–290, 2014
Practical considerations in reducing swallowing dysfunction following concurrent chemoradiotherapy with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy for head and neck cancer
Authors: Batth Sukhjeet S. , Caudell Jimmy J. , Chen Allen M.
Published: March 2013

Data have emerged that the addition of concurrent chemotherapy to radiation can lead to swallowing dysfunction that may have an impact on patient quality of life and lead to significant morbidities such as poor nutritional status, enteral feeding tube dependence, and aspiration pneumonia. Although intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for head and neck cancer was initially developed to spare the parotid gland to reduce xerostomia, attention has recently focused on its utility to selectively decrease radiation dose to specified anatomic structures responsible for a functional swallow. Recent reports have proposed a variety of dose thresholds or constraints to these swallowing‐related structures, which may guide IMRT planning with the aim of reducing dysphagia. This critical review of the current literature assesses the feasibility of IMRT to maintain swallowing function and appraises the various dosimetric parameters that have been proposed to help minimize long‐term dysphagia. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 291–298, 2014
Genomic Landscape of Copy Number Aberrations Enables the Identification of Oncogenic Drivers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Kai , Lim Ho Yeong , Shi Stephanie , Lee Jeeyun , Deng Shibing , Xie Tao , Zhu Zhou , Wang Yuli , Pocalyko David , Yang Wei Jennifer , Rejto Paul A. , Mao Mao , Park Cheol-Keun , Xu Jiangchun
Published: March 2013

Cancer is a genetic disease with frequent somatic DNA alterations. Studying recurrent copy number aberrations (CNAs) in human cancers would enable the elucidation of disease mechanisms and the prioritization of candidate oncogenic drivers with causal roles in oncogenesis. We have comprehensively and systematically characterized CNAs and the accompanying gene expression changes in tumors and matched nontumor liver tissues from 286 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Our analysis identified 29 recurrently amplified and 22 recurrently deleted regions with a high level of copy number changes. These regions harbor established oncogenes and tumor suppressors, including CCND1 (cyclin D1), MET (hepatocyte growth factor receptor), CDKN2A (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A) and CDKN2B (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B), as well as many other genes not previously reported to be involved in liver carcinogenesis. Pathway analysis of

cis

-acting genes in the amplification and deletion peaks implicates alterations of core cancer pathways, including cell-cycle, p53 signaling, phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, Wnt signaling, and transforming growth factor beta signaling, in a large proportion of HCC patients. We further credentialed two candidate driver genes (BCL9 and MTDH) from the recurrent focal amplification peaks and showed that they play a significant role in HCC growth and survival.

Conclusion

: We have demonstrated that characterizing the CNA landscape in HCC will facilitate the understanding of disease mechanisms and the identification of oncogenic drivers that may serve as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of this devastating disease. (Hepatology 2013;58:706–717)
Contributions of the hippocampal subfields and entorhinal cortex to disambiguation during working memory
Authors: Newmark Randall E. , Schon Karin , Ross Robert S. , Stern Chantal E.
Published: March 2013

The hippocampus and medial temporal lobes (MTL) support the successful formation of new memories without succumbing to interference from related, older memories. Computational models and animal findings have implicated the dentate gyrus (DG), CA3, CA1, and entorhinal cortex (EC) in the disambiguation and encoding of well‐established, episodic events that share common elements. However, it is unknown if these hippocampal subfields and MTL (entorhinal, perirhinal, parahippocampal) cortices also contribute during working memory when overlapping stimuli that share related features are rapidly encoded and subsequently maintained over a brief temporal delay. We hypothesized that activity in CA3/DG hippocampal subfields would be greater for the rapid encoding of stimuli with overlapping features than for the rapid encoding of stimuli with distinct features. In addition, we predicted that CA1 and EC, regions that are associated with creating long‐term episodic representations, would show greater sustained activity across both encoding and delay periods for representations of stimuli with overlapping features than for those with distinct features. We used high‐resolution fMRI during a delayed matching‐to‐sample (DMS) task using face pairs that either shared (overlapping condition, OL) or did not share (non‐overlapping condition, NOL) common elements. We contrasted the OL condition with the NOL condition separately at sample (encoding) and during a brief delay (maintenance). At sample, we observed activity localized to CA3/DG, the subiculum, and CA1. At delay, we observed activity localized to the subiculum and CA1 and activity within the entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices. Our findings are consistent with our hypotheses and suggest that CA3/DG, CA1 and the subiculum support the disambiguation and encoding of overlapping representations while CA1, subiculum and entorhinal cortex maintain these overlapping representations during working memory. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CREB is necessary for synaptic maintenance and learning‐induced changes of the ampa receptor GluA1 subunit
Authors: Middei Silvia , Houeland Gry , Cavallucci Virve , Ammassari‐Teule Martine , D'Amelio Marcello , Marie Hélène
Published: March 2013

The transcription factor cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) is a key protein implicated in memory, synaptic plasticity and structural plasticity in mammals. Whether CREB regulates the synaptic incorporation of hippocampal glutamatergic receptors under basal and learning‐induced conditions remains, however, mostly unknown. Using double‐transgenic mice conditionally expressing a dominant negative form of CREB (CREBS133A, mCREB), we analyzed how chronic loss of CREB function in adult hippocampal glutamatergic neurons impacts the levels of the AMPA and NMDA receptors subunits within the post‐synaptic densities (PSD). In basal (naïve) conditions, we report that inhibition of CREB function was associated with a specific reduction of the AMPAR subunit GluA1 and a proportional increase in its Ser845 phosphorylated form within the PSD. These molecular alterations correlated with a reduction in AMPA receptors mEPSC frequency, with a decrease in long‐term potentiation (LTP), and with an increase in long‐term depression (LTD). The basal levels other major synaptic proteins (GluA2/3, GluN1, GluN2A, and PSD95) within the PSD were not affected by CREB inhibition. Blocking CREB function also impaired contextual fear conditioning (CFC) and selectively blocked the CFC‐driven enhancement of GluA1 and its Ser845 phosphorylated form within the PSD, molecular changes normally observed in wild‐type mice. CFC‐driven enhancement of other synaptic proteins (GluA2/3, GluN1, GluN2A, and PSD95) within the PSD was not significantly perturbed by the loss of CREB function. These findings provide the first evidence that, in vivo, CREB is necessary for the specific maintenance of the GluA1 subunit within the PSD of hippocampal neurons in basal conditions and for its trafficking within the PSD during the occurrence of learning. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hippocampal size predicts rapid learning of a cognitive map in humans
Authors: Schinazi Victor R. , Nardi Daniele , Newcombe Nora S. , Shipley Thomas F. , Epstein Russell A.
Published: March 2013

The idea that humans use flexible map‐like representations of their environment to guide spatial navigation has a long and controversial history. One reason for this enduring controversy might be that individuals vary considerably in their ability to form and utilize cognitive maps. Here we investigate the behavioral and neuroanatomical signatures of these individual differences. Participants learned an unfamiliar campus environment over a period of three weeks. In their first visit, they learned the position of different buildings along two routes in separate areas of the campus. During the following weeks, they learned these routes for a second and third time, along with two paths that connected both areas of the campus. Behavioral assessments after each learning session indicated that subjects formed a coherent representation of the spatial structure of the entire campus after learning a single connecting path. Volumetric analyses of structural MRI data and voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) indicated that the size of the right posterior hippocampus predicted the ability to use this spatial knowledge to make inferences about the relative positions of different buildings on the campus. An inverse relationship between gray matter volume and performance was observed in the caudate. These results suggest that (i) humans can rapidly acquire cognitive maps of large‐scale environments and (ii) individual differences in hippocampal anatomy may provide the neuroanatomical substrate for individual differences in the ability to learn and flexibly use these cognitive maps. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
GLB‐13 is associated with oxidative stress resistance in caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Ren Changhong , Li Yuan , Han Rongrong , Gao Dawen , Li Weiguang , Shi Jinping , Hoogewijs David , Braeckman Bart P , De Henau Sasha , Lu Yiming , Qu Wubin , Gao Yan , Wu Yonghong , Li Zhihui , Liu Huqi , Wang Zhaoyan , Zhang Chenggang
Published: March 2013

Globins constitute a superfamily of heme‐binding proteins that is widely present in many species. There are 33 putative globins in the genome of Caenorhabditis elegans, where glb‐13 is a homolog of neuroglobin (Ngb) based on sequence analysis and specific expression in neurons. Here we examined whether glb‐13 as well as Ngb is also associated with resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by paraquat. Our results showed that the mRNA level of glb‐13 was significantly upregulated after paraquat exposure. Expression of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene directed by the glb‐13 promoter was increased by paraquat exposure. The mutant C. elegans strain glb‐13(tm2825) was sensitive to paraquat‐induced oxidative stress. Overexpression of human Ngb (hNgb) in C. elegans neuronal cells can rescue the paraquat sensitive phenotype of the mutant strain. glb‐13 mutation or hNgb overexpression did not affect the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD). To examine the ROS‐scavenging capabilities of hNgb and glb‐13, we further examined the level of ROS in glb‐13 mutant and hNgb transgenic (hNgb‐Tg) worms. There was no statistical difference in ROS levels in the untreated controls; however in paraquat‐treated worms, the ROS level was statistically repressed in the hNgb‐Tg relative to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)‐Tg worms or wildtype animals. Additionally, the ROS level of glb‐13 mutant was statistically higher than the wildtype animals. Furthermore, hNgb overexpression diminished the ROS level of glb‐13 mutant. In conclusion, hNgb can rescue the ROS sensitive phenotype of the glb‐13 mutant strain. The protein GLB‐13 seems to have an hNgb‐like function, suggesting the importance of the globin protein family in maintaining the homeostasis of ROS signals. Our data provided evidence for the first time that glb‐13 is associated with the resistance against oxidative stress‐induced toxicity. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(5)423–434, 2013.
Mechanism of poly‐l‐lysine‐modified iron oxide nanoparticles uptake into cells
Authors: Li Zheng , Shuai Cijun , Li Xiayu , Li Xiaoling , Xiang Juanjuan , Li Guiyuan
Published: March 2013

Poly‐l‐lysine‐modified iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP‐PLL), which is formed by modifying poly‐
l‐lysine to the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles, can deliver exogenous genes to cells in vitro and in vivo. However, there is relatively little information available about how is IONP‐PLL uptaken by cells. In this study, we are focusing on the transferrin receptor (TFR) mediated and TFR‐independent cellular internalization of IONP‐PLL. The cells were incubated with 1 µM of IONP‐PLL with or without transferrin bound. Transferrin–TFR pathway blockers, such as NH4Cl, CH3NH2, or trypsin, were added to the media and their effects were observed. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to quantify the cellular concentration of iron. The cellular concentrations of iron were evaluated at 37°C or 4°C. (1) Transferrin–IONP‐PLL uptake into cells was reliant on time and temperature. (2) The addition of blockers, either NH4CL, CH3NH2, or trypsin, decreased the cellular transferrin‐dependent IONP‐PLL uptake, but not completely blocked the entry of IONP‐PLL. (3) When the cells were culture at pH 6.5, under conditions which the binding of iron and transferrin were inhibited, IONP‐PLL still had the capacity to enter into cells with time and temperature‐dependent manner. These results suggest that the cellular internalization of IONP‐PLL, much like iron ion, were mediated by TFR‐dependent endocytosis and TFR‐free uptake. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 101A: 2846–2850, 2013.
Differential support of cell adhesion and growth by copolymers of polyurethane with hyaluronic acid
Authors: Ruiz Amaliris , Flanagan Claire E. , Masters Kristyn S.
Published: March 2013

Mechanical mismatch, along with inadequate hemocompatibility and endothelialization, contribute to the high failure rate of many synthetic vascular grafts. However, due to the dueling nature of these requirements (i.e., inhibiting platelet adhesion frequently means inhibiting endothelial cell (EC) adhesion), the creation of materials that simultaneously satisfy the mechanical and biological design criteria needed for small diameter vascular grafts has been an elusive goal. In this work, we demonstrate the ability of polyurethane (PU) containing hyaluronic acid (HA) in its backbone structure to reduce protein adsorption, platelet and bacterial adhesion, and fibroblast and macrophage proliferation while allowing the retention of both ECs and vascular‐appropriate mechanics. Irrespective of HA molecular weight (MW), PU‐HA materials selectively supported the growth of ECs relative to fibroblasts, reduced platelet adhesion, and performed comparably to negative controls with respect to bactericidal activity. The extent of EC growth on the PU‐HA materials did differ with HA MW, with a lower HA MW yielding improved EC growth in both two‐dimensional (2‐D) films and 3‐D electrospun fibrous scaffolds. These findings illustrate that HA incorporated into the backbone of a synthetic polymer structure can retain bioactivity, with subtle differences in HA MW significantly impacting the physical and biological properties of the biomaterial; in particular, PU modified with low‐MW HA appears promising for vascular graft applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 101A: 2870–2882, 2013.
Osteogenic properties of starch poly(ε‐caprolactone) (SPCL) fiber meshes loaded with osteoblast‐like cells in a rat critical‐sized cranial defect
Authors: Link Dennis P. , Gardel Leandro S. , Correlo Vitor M. , Gomes Manuela E. , Reis Rui L.
Published: March 2013

Osteoblast‐like cells together with a suitable scaffold can aid to the regeneration of bone defects. A suitable scaffold could be starch poly(ε‐caprolactone) (SPCL) fiber meshes, which have shown a high potential to support bone formation in previous in vitro and in noncritical sized in vivo studies. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of these scaffolds alone or combined with osteoblast‐like cells in the regeneration of a critical‐sized cranial defect in male Fisher rats. Empty defects and defects filled with cell‐free scaffolds were used as controls groups. Samples were analyzed by microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) and histological analyses. Histological analyses revealed that all study groups showed new bone formation from the defect edges toward the interior of the defects. In addition, bone was formed in the center of the scaffolds, especially in the groups containing preloaded osteoblast‐like cells. Micro‐CT reconstructions showed that bone formation increased over time and was enhanced with the inclusion of preloaded osteoblast‐like cells compared with SPCL scaffolds alone. According to these results, the preloaded osteoblast‐like cells contributed to the bone regeneration process in a critical‐sized bone defect. Furthermore, SPCL fiber meshes proved to be an osteoconductive material to use for bone regeneration purposes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 101A: 3059–3065, 2013.
Multireference calculations for ring inversion and double bond shifting in cyclooctatetraene
Authors: Schild Axel , Paulus Beate
Published: March 2013

We present multireference calculations for the characterization of ring inversion and double bond shifting in cyclooctatetraene. The results show that it is necessary to treat the dynamical correlation very accurately to obtain correct values for the barrier heights. This can be done, for example, with multireference configuration interaction or with perturbation theory of third order. However, detailed analysis also shows that already a complete active space self‐consistent field treatment describes the processes surprisingly well. Thus, this method could be used as a computationally cheap method, for example, for dynamics simulations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.