bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Endometriosis in a Brazilian Population
Authors: Viana Paula Coelho Silva , Mendes Ana Carolina Delgado Malvaccini , Delgado Lucas Farah , Tostes Gustavo , Gonçalves Lidiane , Gonçalves Júnior Homero , Raposo Nádia Rezende Barbosa , Vitral Geraldo Sérgio Farinazzo , Gerheim Pamela Souza Almeida Silva
Published: March 2020

Objective To investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms in candidate genes or candidate regions and the development of endometriosis in Brazilian women.

Methods A total of 30 women between 25 and 64 years old with a diagnosis of endometriosis participated in the present study, as well as 30 matched control women from the same age group, asymptomatic and without family history of the disease. The patients genotypic and allelic frequencies of polymorphisms in the GREB1 gene (rs13394619) and in the intergenic region at position 7p15.2 (rs12700667) were analyzed and compared.

Results There was no significant difference in the frequency of genotypes for the A > G polymorphism (rs13394619) in the GREB1 gene between the two groups. However, the distribution frequencies of the genotypes for the A > G polymorphism (rs12700667) in an intergenic region on chromosome 7 were different for control patients and for patients with endometriosis, with higher frequency of the AG genotype compared to the GG between patients with the disease (odds ratio [OR] = 3.49; confidence interval [CI] = 1.47–8.26).

Conclusion The present study suggests that the polymorphism in the intergenic region of chromosome 7 is associated with the risk of developing endometriosis in a population of Brazilian women from Juiz de Fora.
Applications of Dynamic Mechanical Analysis in the Engineering of Amorphous Solid Dispersions
Authors: Ojo Andrew Toye , Lee Ping I.
Published: March 2020

Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) offers several advantages over prevailing methods in the characterization of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) typically used for improving the delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs. This method of analysis, though underutilized in the study of pharmaceutical systems, is particularly attuned to rheological investigations of thermal and mechanical properties of solids such as ASDs. Its ability to determine the viscoelastic properties of systems across a wide range of temperatures and shear conditions provides useful insight for the development and processing of ASDs. The response of materials to an imposed stress, captured by DMA, can help identify proper conditions for preparing homogenous extrudates of the polymer and active pharmaceutical ingredient through hot melt extrusion (HME). As HME continues to gain utility within the pharmaceutical industry, the ability to tailor process conditions will become increasingly important for the efficient design and production of ASD products for poorly water-soluble drugs. Furthermore, DMA can be used to probe molecular mobility and its link to physical stability of ASDs. Establishing the link between molecular mobility and crystallization kinetics is central to predicting the physical stability of ASDs. Therefore, increasing the understanding of material properties through DMA will enable the successful development of more stable amorphous drug products. This review summarizes current characterization tools for ASDs and discusses the potential of utilizing DMA as a robust alternative to traditional methods.
Genetic Characterization of a Model Ciliopathy: Bardet–Biedl Syndrome
Authors: Kops Samantha A. , Kylat Ranjit I. , Bhatia Shanti , Seckeler Michael D. , Barber Brent J. , Bader Mohammad Y.
Published: March 2020

Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare ciliopathy affecting multiple organ systems. Patients with BBS are usually diagnosed later in childhood when clinical features of the disease become apparent. In this article, we presented a case of BBS discovered by whole genome sequencing in a newborn with heterotaxy, duodenal atresia, and complex congenital heart disease. Early diagnosis is important not only for prognostication but also to explore ways to mitigate the cone–rod dysfunction and for exploring newer therapies. Our case highlights the importance of a high index of suspicion and the utility of advanced genetic testing to provide an early diagnosis for a rare disease.
The Role of Ischemia-modified Albumin as a Biomarker in Preeclampsia
Authors: Karaşin Süleyman Serkan , Çift Tayfur
Published: March 2020

Objective Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA)is a modified type of albumin protein that is formed under oxidative stress. This study aims to compare the levels of serum IMA between normotensive and preeclamptic pregnancies and to evaluate the relationship between the severity of the disease.

Methods A total of 90 pregnant women aged between 18 and 45 years participated in this cross-sectional study. The levels of serum IMA were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 30 preeclamptic pregnant women with the severe signs of the disease, 30 preeclamptic pregnant women, and 30 normotensive pregnant women.. The study was designed as a cross-sectional clinical study.

Results When the demographic characteristics were examined, statistically significant differences were found between the groups in terms of age, gestational week at birth and blood pressure. Age was higher in the preeclampsia with signs of severity group than in the normotensive group (p = 0.033). Pregnancy week was significantly the lowest in the preeclampsia with the severity signs group (p = 0.004). In normotensive patients, IMA levels were lower than in the preeclampsia groups (p < 0.001) but there was no significant difference in terms of severity of disease (p = 0.191). According to laboratory data; only the creatinine level was significantly different between the groups.

Conclusion The levels of serum IMA were higher in patients with preeclampsia than in healthy pregnancies. However, there was no significant correlation in terms of preeclampsia severity; more extensive, prospective and long-term studies are needed.
Phylogeny, biogeography and systematics of Pacific vent, methane seep, and whale-fall Parougia (Dorvilleidae : Annelida), with eight new species
Authors: Yen Nicole K. , Rouse Greg W.
Published: March 2020

Dorvilleidae is a diverse group of annelids found in many marine environments and also commonly associated with chemosynthetic habitats. One dorvilleid genus, Parougia, currently has 11 described species, of which two are found at vents or seeps: Parougia wolfi and Parougia oregonensis. Eight new Parougia species are recognised and described in this study from collections in the Pacific Ocean, all from whale-falls, hydrothermal vents, or methane seeps at ~600-m depth or greater. The specimens were studied using morphology and phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 16S rRNA, and cytochrome b) and nuclear (18S rRNA and histone 3) genes. Six sympatric Parougia spp. were found at Hydrate Ridge, Oregon, while three of the Parougia species occurred at different types of chemosynthetic habitats. Two new species were found over wide geographical and bathymetric ranges. Another dorvilleid genus, Ophryotrocha, has previously been highlighted as diversifying in the deep-sea environment. Our results document the hitherto unknown diversity of another dorvilleid genus, Parougia, at various chemosynthetic environments. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EC7EBBEA-2FB5-43D6-BE53-1A468B541A5C
Spatial variation of ostracod (Crustacea, Ostracoda) egg banks in temporary lakes of a tropical flood plain
Authors: Rosa Jonathan , de Campos Ramiro , Martens Koen , Higuti Janet
Published: March 2020

Ostracods are microcrustaceans that produce resting eggs under adverse conditions. In this study we evaluated the spatial variation of ostracod resting eggs in different regions of temporary lakes in a Brazilian flood plain. Based on the homogenisation effect of flood pulses on aquatic communities in flood plains, we hypothesised that the composition and abundance of ostracod eggs in the centre of temporary lakes would be similar to those in edge regions. Samples were collected from the centre and edge regions of five temporary lakes. Sediment was oven dried, rehydrated and hatching was monitored in germinating chambers. Twelve ostracod species hatched from the egg banks during our experiments. The abundance and species composition were similar between the two regions of the lakes. Flood events may be responsible for the homogenisation of the egg banks as a result of the connection of lakes with principal river channels. During flooding, water masses powerfully enter lakes and can redistribute sediments. This study shows that egg banks have the potential to contribute to the maintenance of local biodiversity and the resilience of biodiversity of temporary lake ecosystems.
Effects of focus on form on primary CLIL students’ foreign language performance in task-based oral
interaction
Authors: Alfonso Pena Celia , Pladevall-Ballester Elisabet
Published: March 2020

In content and language integrated learning (CLIL) programmes, attention to language can be easily overlooked
behind the assumption that language learning will take place incidentally. This study aimed at analysing the effects of a balanced
integration of content and language on fifth graders’ foreign language (FL) oral performance. Two groups of participants had been
doing CLIL in the form of an Information and Communication Technology (ICT) subject as of first grade, and yet observations
revealed an important lack of focus on form in these lessons. CLIL materials and lessons that provided enough attention to
language were designed and implemented for three months only in one of the groups. Students were assessed on their FL fluency and
complexity before and after the treatment. Results revealed higher gains in speech rate and number of minimal contributions and a
significantly lower L1 reliance in the case of the treatment group.
Ibn al-Malāḥimī on Zoroastrianism
Authors: Dehghani Farsani Yoones , Rezania Kianoosh
Published: March 2020

TheKitāb al-muʿtamad fī uṣūl al-dīnby Maḥmūd b. Muḥammad Ibn al-Malāḥimī al-Khwārazmī (d. 536/1141) belongs to the Muʿtazilī theological works that present valuable insight into the intricate history of religions and their contacts. Recently, scholars have identified other manuscripts of this book which comprise passages absent in previously known manuscripts. The enlarged edition of 2012 now comprises the complete chapter on Zoroastrianism, of which only a short part was extant in the first edition. This article translates the whole chapter on Zoroastrianism, along with the vocalized Arabic original text, to make it more accessible to historians of Iranian religions. This translation is then followed by a discussion of the implications of this piece for the history of Zoroastrianism after Islam. After discussing the inner-textual structure of the text the inter-textual relations of this text are examined, along with al-Shahristānī’s account on Zoroastrianism. Through this comparison, it is shown that the major part of both texts most probably originates from theRadd ʿalā l-Majūs(Refutation of Zoroastrians) by Abū ʿĪsā al-Warrāq. In this way, the article shows that both al-Shahristānī’s and Ibn al-Malāḥimī’s texts are relevant for the history of Zoroastrianism in ninth-century Baghdad.
Four-soliton solution and soliton interactions of the generalized coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation*
Authors: Song Li-Jun , Xu Xiao-Ya , Wang Yan
Published: March 2020

Based on the generalized coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation, we obtain the analytic four-bright–bright soliton solution by using the Hirota bilinear method. The interactions among four solitons are also studied in detail. The results show that the interaction among four solitons mainly depends on the values of solution parameters; k
1 and k
2 mainly affect the two inboard solitons while k
3 and k
4 mainly affect the two outboard solitons; the pulse velocity and width mainly depend on the imaginary part of ki
(i = 1, 2, 3, 4), while the pulse amplitude mainly depends on the real part of ki
(i = 1, 2, 3, 4).
Gastroscopy-conjugated photoacoustic and ultrasonic dual-mode imaging for detection of submucosal gastric cancer: in vitro study*
Authors: Wu Huaqin , Song Haiyang , Huang Yudian , Li Zhifang , Wu Shulian , Zhang Xiaoman , Li Hui
Published: March 2020

This paper presents photoacoustic and ultrasonic dual-mode imaging for real-time detection of submucosal gastric cancer with a combination of gastroscopy. The diagnostic capacity was directly addressed via several phantoms and ex vivo experiments. Results demonstrated that superficial and submucosal gastric cancer can be diagnosed with a perceptible depth of 6.33 mm, a lateral accuracy of 2.23 mm, and a longitudinal accuracy of 0.17 mm though capturing the morphology of angiogenesis, which is a main character of the therioma-related change. The capability of gastroscopy-conjugated photoacoustic and ultrasonic dual-mode imaging system will own great potential in improving the clinical diagnostic rate of submucosal gastric cancer.
Microwave frequency transfer over a 112-km urban fiber link based on electronic phase compensation*
Authors: Xue Wen-Xiang , Zhao Wen-Yu , Quan Hong-Lei , Zhao Cui-Chen , Xing Yan , Jiang Hai-Feng , Zhang Shou-Gang
Published: March 2020

We demonstrate the transmission of a microwave frequency signal at 10 GHz over a 112-km urban fiber link based on a novel simple-architecture electronic phase compensation system. The key element of the system is the low noise frequency divider by 4 to differentiate the frequency of the forward signal from that of the backward one, thus suppressing the effect of Brillouin backscattering and parasitic reflection along the link. In terms of overlapping Allan deviation, the frequency transfer instability of 4.2 × 10−15 at 1-s integration time and 1.6 × 10−18 at one-day integration time was achieved. In addition, its sensitivity to the polarization mode dispersion in fiber is analyzed by comparing the results with and without laser polarization scrambling. Generally, with simplicity and robustness, the system can offer great potentials in constructing cascaded frequency transfer system and facilitate the building of fiber-based microwave transfer network.
Effect of dark soliton on the spectral evolution of bright soliton in a silicon-on-insulator waveguide*
Authors: Liu Zhen , Jia Wei-Guo , Wang Hong-Yu , Wang Yang , Men-Ke Neimule , Zhang Jun-Ping
Published: March 2020

The spectral evolution of bright soliton in a silicon-on-insulator optical waveguide is numerically simulated using the split-step Fourier method. The power and input chirp of the dark soliton and the second-order dispersion are varied to investigate the effect of dark soliton on the spectrum of bright soliton. The simulations prove that the dark soliton modifies the spectral shape of the bright soliton. Further, the variation in the power of dark soliton affects the splitting of bright soliton. Furthermore, the chirped dark soliton can improve the spectral width and flatness. The variation in the dispersion of dark soliton modifies the phase matching of the bright soliton and the dispersive wave emission, thereby affecting the spectral evolution.
Tests of the real-time vertical growth rate calculation on EAST*
Authors: Bao Na-Na , Huang Yao , Barr Jayson , Luo Zheng-Ping , Wang Yue-Hang , Chen Shu-Liang , Xiao Bing-Jia , Humphreys David
Published: March 2020

In order to measure controllability of vertical instability in EAST, the calculation of model-based vertical growth rate, called rt-gamma, has been successfully carried out in real time. The numerical computing method is adapted from rigid plasma response model in TokSys, which is a widely-used analysis tool for tokamak devices in Matlab environment, but the code is rewritten by taking advantage of GPU parallel computing capability to accelerate the computation. The calculation of rt-gamma is validated by comparing it with the corresponding result generated by TokSys for totally 3508 cases. It is shown that the average absolute value of relative errors is about 0.85%. In addition, the calculation program of rt-gamma has been successfully applied during 2019 EAST campaign. The comparison with experimental results is discussed in this paper. The real-time calculation tool is well able to calculate model-based vertical growth rate, which is convenient for fast and continuous evaluations of EAST control system stability performances.
Quantum teleportation of particles in an environment*
Authors: Yang Lu , Liu Yu-Chen , Li Yan-Song
Published: March 2020

We discuss the teleportation of particles in an environment of an N-body system. In this case, we can change a many-body system into an arbitrary shape in space by teleporting some or all the constituent particles, and thus we call the quantum teleportation under this circumstance as quantum tele-transformation (QTT). The particular feature of QTT is that the wave function of the internal degrees of freedom remains the same, while the spatial wave function experiences a drastic change. The notion of QTT provides conceptual and pedagogical convenience for quantum information processing. In view of QTT, teleportation is the change of a single particle in space, while entanglement swapping is the change of one particle of an entangled pair.
Permanent vegetation distribution: indicators of watershed management
Authors: Wahyuningrum N
Published: March 2020

Watershed management aims to improve or restore and or protect the carrying capacity of watersheds, especially to maintain the preservation of water systems, increase land productivity and improve community welfare. This can be done by controlling the factors causing land degradation. Erosion is one of the causes of degradation can be controlled by managing land use to suit its capabilities. The more areas that are not suitable for their capability will reflect the failure of land management. The sloping area (slope > 15%) should be covered by permanent vegetation such as, are shrub, secondary forest, plantation forest, and plantation. If the proportion of sloping areas covered by permanent vegetation compared to the total sloping area is very small (<50%) then it can be said that land management activities are less successful, because, in reality, these areas are relatively more vulnerable to erosion. This condition provides information that in these erosion-prone areas, land cover needs to be improved. In this way in addition to the area, the distribution of permanent vegetation can also be known. The spatial distribution of permanent vegetation at sloping locations that are upstream of a watershed/sub-watershed can be seen clearly.
Identification of element at risk due to tidal flood hazard in Genuk Sub-District coastal area
Authors: Yoga A G H , Marfai M A , Hizbaron D R
Published: March 2020

The coastal area is a meeting point and a transition zone between land and sea. The morphology of the coastal areas, which is relatively flat and rich in the quality and quantity of natural resources makes the coastal area become centre of population growth. Population growth in coastal areas occurs rapidly and accompanied by potential coastal hazards alongside. Population growth is one factor that many elements at risk will be affected. The Semarang-Demak coastal area, especially at the downstream of Babon River, Genuk Sub-District, experienced the potential of tidal flood. The purposes of this study are to examine the distribution of element at risk due to tidal flood hazards. This research employed satellite image data processing and field surveys methods. First, the research analyzed tidal flood hazard using ArcGIS software and map algebra with a raster calculation tool. Second, it elaborated several elements at risk in the research area. The result of the study showed that the flood hazard index resulted in the distribution of areas affected by tidal floods covering the areas of Terboyo Kulon, Terboyo Wetan, Trimulyo, Banjardowo and Muktiharjo Lor. The largest area which affected by the tidal floods is in the Trimulyo Village (176.820 Ha with the number of hazard index 0.2; 185,364 Ha at the hazard index 0.4; 195,931 Ha at the hazard index 0.6; 205,393 Ha at the hazard index 0.8; and 210,361 Ha on the hazard index 1). While the smallest area which affected by the tidal floods is in Banjardowo and Muktiharjo Lor Sub-Districts. Then the research area the most exposed element at risk are population and its built-up environment, while active productive agriculture land also prominent.
Strengthening national adaptation in dealing with Mega Sea level rise migration in Indonesia
Authors: Lisan A R K , Putri R F
Published: March 2020

Sea level rise because of global climate change is underway, causing substantial threats for many coastal areas in the world. The threats such as displacement of people and disruptions of coastal habitats and environments are more immense in Indonesia – an archipelagic state possessing roughly 17,000 islands – as it is vulnerable geographically and economically. However, movement of people and coastal habitats and environments to rescue themselves can be considered an effort of adaptation as if it is succeeded. Thus, it needs for to be prepared and strengthened. Using a literature analysis by collecting and selecting data and information regarding to climate change, especially rising sea level and its adaptation in Indonesia, the author finds several facts and ways to strengthen migration processes. There are many issues that need for attention such as economy and livelihood, land availability, water security, food security, social – culture, infrastructure, health and the environment. To prepare and strengthen this adaptation (migration) processes, there are several measures can be done regarding to people impacted (get displaced), host communities and coastal habitats and environments. There are also some roles should be taken by governments to support and enhance the success of the migration.
Comparation of two climate methodologies on Lerma Chapala basin: moving mean and climate variability indices with RClimDex
Authors: Lazcarro MG Castro , Tristán A Cárdenas , Belitskaya V Davydova , Ovalle AG Castro , Putri R F
Published: March 2020

The objective of this study is the comparation of two climate methodologies with the next variables, average maximum and minimum temperatures, and precipitation, said another way, it was calculated by two different methods, the moving mean and climate change indices with complements of R software (RClimDex and RhTest) on Lerma Chapala basin, which is located. The data were analyzed for representative periods of 30 years since 1960 to 2016, which, were collected from National Water Commission due to compiling with control qualify. Finally, the results will help for supporting international climate variability report and demonstrated that independently the methodology the results are similar, it means, the select variables showed modifications through the time that causing drier environments.
The suitability level of bike-sharing station in Yogyakarta using SMCA technique
Authors: Kurniadhini F , Roychansyah M S
Published: March 2020

Yogyakarta is experiencing the increasing number of population (1,13%) from 2014 to 2017 that influences the rising number of motorized vehicles. Besides, it is also led by the easiness to access vehicles ownership in Yogyakarta. In 2017, Yogyakarta ranked fourth as the most congested city in Indonesia that indicates the importance of changing the transportation mode from private vehicles to public transportation. Through the mission of Yogyakarta to strengthen urban planning and environmental sustainability, it is necessary to implement green transportation along with transport demand management to reduce the disadvantages of road congestion in the city. Hence, bike-sharing system can be an option that provides new alternative mobility. However, the important thing to manage bike-sharing systems is the optimal location of bike-sharing station. In Yogyakarta, there is already a bike-sharing systems but only in 12 stations. This research aims to identify the best location for siting bike-sharing station based on spatial analysis using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Spatial Multi-Criteria Analysis (SMCA). According to the analysis, the urban core of Yogyakarta and its surrounding are the most suitable location for bike-sharing station.
Performance analysis of drip and sprinkler irrigation on pineapple cultivation
Authors: Nadia Umi H , Agung Tricahya R , Muhammad Farid A , Radi  , Murtiningrum
Published: March 2020

Irrigation is one of important process in pineapple planting, it caused pineapple needs one in its cultivation which means it will face two kind of season (dry and rainy season) in Indonesia. So that, irrigation process is a routine which is done by PT. Great Giant Food (GGF), East Lampung to keep their pineapple’s growth in optimum condition. PT. GGF choose two types of irrigation system, there are sprinkler and drip irrigation, but they do not have enough research to know the efficiency of their irrigation systems. Because of that reason, this research is aimed to know the efficiency of irrigation system in pineapple cultivation of PT. GGF. Researchers used random sampling to collect the data, then they counted the value of CU and DU of irrigation system. This research showed that the value of CU and SU are 73,032% and 52,84%, respectively. That number of CU and SU showed that drip irrigation of pineapple cultivation in PT. GGT is good enough, but the drip irrigation is needed to be developed because the number of SU is really high which indicated that the emitter debit of drip irrigation has a low homogeneity.
Behavioral mapping of human activities in The Pananjung Pangandaran strict nature reserve, Indonesia
Authors: Panuntun M D , Marhaento H , Rahardjo N
Published: March 2020

The Pananjung Pangandaran Strict Nature Reserve (PPSNR) is one of the sanctuary reserve area in the southern of Java, Indonesia that has unique of plants, animals, and ecosystem. However, the location of the nature reserve area that adjacent to the nature recreation parks has lead to the disturbance of natural resources due to human interferences. This research aims to assess the distribution of human activities in PPSNR and identify factors affecting those activities. The behavioral mapping method was carried out based on interviews with 209 respondents selected by an accidental sampling technique during two weeks field survey. In addition, a direct mapping method using GPS handheld was carried out to collect coordinates data of human activities and their movements. The results showed that human activities in PPSNR could be grouped into tourism activities and non-tourism activities. It was observed that distance from visitors’ house, type of attraction, and time of activity were the main factors affecting human activities in PPSNR. Finally, the authorities must take measures to control human activities in PPSNR, otherwise their impacts on the natural resources will be worsen.
Agricultural resource potential for improving food security and community welfare in Penimbun Village, Karanggayam, Kebumen, Central Java
Authors: Harini Rika , Ramadhan Cahyadi , Rudi Firman Shantya
Published: March 2020

Indonesia is an agrarian country that has abundant natural resource potential, so that the agricultural sector becomes dominant. Agricultural is a sector has an important role in the national economy but also in regional economic development. Therefore the potential of the existing agricultural resources needs to be developed to improve the community welfare and fulfillment of community food security. The purpose of this study is to determine the potential of agricultural resources, the level of community welfare, food security and strategies in increasing agricultural production to improve the welfare of the people of Penimbun Village. The study was conducted using a baseline survey method to collect primary data through interviews with the local community and stakeholders in Penimbun Village. The data were analyzed with a quantitative descriptive method the results of which were visualized using tables, figures, and maps. The results showed the potential of agricultural resources in Penimbu Village, there were six commodities with the highest amount of production being cassava (449 kg/household) and the highest commodity price was chilli (IDR 25,000/kg). The level of household welfare in Penimbun Village is classified as very poor (32.21%) with rice consumption of 181-240 kg/capita/year. Whereas the level of household resilience of Penimbun Village is categorized as food insecurity (89%). Given the majority of people in Penimbun Village are farmers, the improvement of community welfare and food security can be done by increasing agricultural production (use of superior varieties of seeds, balanced fertilizers, appropriate planting supervision, and post-harvest handling, and intercropping practices).
Economic valuation of the mangrove ecosystem in Purwodadi Sub-district, Purworejo Regency, Central Java
Authors: Setiyaningrum I F , Harini R , Wirasanti N
Published: March 2020

Deforestation of mangroves caused by land conversion into ponds occurs on the southern coast of Purwodadi Sub-district, Purworejo Regency, Central Java. In fact, the mangrove ecosystem has an important role related to global climate change that is happening at this time. Mangroves have the ability to absorb more carbon than other types of forests. Since 2011, there was a mangrove rehabilitation program conducted in three villages in Purwodadi Sub-district, which was initiated by the Purworejo Regency Marine and Fisheries Service. Over time, the conditions of mangroves in each village varied. This study aims to calculate the economic value of mangrove ecosystems in the three villages of Purwodadi Sub-district, namely Gedangan, Jatikontal, and Jatimalang Villages. The method used is TEV (Total Economic Value) which consists of an analysis of direct use value using the market price approach, indirect use value using the replacement cost approach, the option value using the benefits transfer, and the existence value using the WTP method (Willingness to Pay). The results of the study show that the total economic value of mangroves in Gedangan Village is IDR 7,816,788,994.00 in Jatikontal Village in the amount of IDR 10,524,895,152.00, and in Jatimalang Village in the amount of IDR 3,645,653,186.00.
Evaluation of land resource balance using interpretation and object-based classification method (case study : BWP Lumajang,Lumajang district)
Authors: Hariyanto T , Pribadi C B , Kurniawan A , Andriany N , Wijayanti R F
Published: March 2020

Utilization of Natural Resources (SDA) is one of the bases used in implementing development in Indonesia. As the center of government and the economy, the Lumajang BWP has the highest population in Lumajang Regency. The annual growth of the Lumajang BWP population results in significant land changes. Calculation of land resources at BWP Lumajang is needed to determine the amount of land reserves and utilization in the area. This research was carried out to compile Lumajang BWP Land Resource Balance (NSDL) in Lumajang Regency using the on screen digitization (interpretation) method and image segmentation as object-based classification method. The results of this study are at a higher level of accuracy, the digitizing on screen method is 94.521%, for the image segmentation method it is 89.041%. In both methods, the land cover which has the largest decrease in area is irrigated rice fields and the largest increase is plantations.
Shoreline changes analysis of Kendal Coastal Area
Authors: Kurniawan I A , Marfai M A
Published: March 2020

Shoreline changes occur due to abrasion and accretion processes that are triggered due to intensive human activities in coastal areas. The shoreline in the Kendal region is dynamic, and shows mixed results from tidal and dominated by riverine activity. The Shoreline changes have different impacts, all of which may not be visible. Coastal dynamics in the Kendal region cause spatial-temporal shoreline changes. To observe these we need a long and continuous set of data. The purpose of this study is to determine changes in the shoreline in parts of the Kendal coastal district and to calculate the value of the changes. The data used were derived from TM data 1990, to OLI data 2017. To derive the shoreline from the satellite data, a band ratio of Red band to IR band was employed. The shorelines were digitized and saved along with the appropriate MM/DD/YYYY added to the attribute table. The Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) was used to compute rate-of-change statistics. The Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) is an extension of ArcGIS, developed by USGS. Using the extension, transects were laid every 100 m. Then, using NET SHORELINE MOVEMENT (NSM), LINEAR REGRESSION RATE (LRR) and END POINT RATE (EPR), the changes every 100 meters were analyzed and stored in a table. Subsequently, using the table, erosion, and accretion, were analyzed, and understood. The farthest accretion process was 1763.29 m and 792.14 m for the abrasion processes.
The potential contribution of the lagoon ecosystem as mangrove carbon sinks in Java
Authors: Pratiwi H F , Haryono E
Published: March 2020

The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere continues to increase due to the increased release of CO2 in the atmosphere effect of anthropogenic activity. Mangrove ecosystems have an important role in c on tharbon sequestration and reduce the concentration of CO2 emissions in the atmosphere. Mangrovee southern coast of Java partially growth in river mouth lagoon ecosystem, thus it has the potential for more vast mangrove restoration as carbon sink. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the potential mangrove as carbon sink by the lagoon ecosystem on the Java island. One of the locations selected as an assessment sample, that is the Bogowonto Lagoon in Kulonprogo district by set up 12 plots in the planted mangrove. Allometric equation are described for assess the aboveground carbon stored in the stem and calculate the diameter at breast height (DBH) in each plot. Soil sampels were taken in each plot for assess organic carbon soil content were determined using Walkley-Black method, thus the belowground carbon sink was calculated. There was total potential mangrove carbon sink in Java which is 11,758,729.65 tons of CO2 and it can reduce carbon emissions by 4.4% in Java Island.
Total maximum daily load of bod in urbanized Belik River, Yogyakarta
Authors: Tofani A S , Hadi M P
Published: March 2020

The Upper Belik watershed is a river that flows in Special Region of Yogyakarta. Land use in this watershed is dominated by settlements. The development activities by the human can cause river pollution if there are no maintenance and monitoring retated to their waste. The study aims to determine the waste load and capacity of the BOD. The descriptive quantitative with spatial analysis is used. The determination of the sample is by dividing the study area into five segments based on variations in pollutant sources and drainage flow directions. Water sampling and river morphological measurements were carried out purposively, water quality taken by grab sampling. Data are processed using the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP). The results showed that Belik River could not accommodate waste loads. Segment one has to reduce 22,41 kg/day BOD, while the second segment does not need to reduce the load. Segment three must reduce as much as 5,73 kg/day, segment four by 35,81 kg/day and segment five by 61,16 kg/day. Reducing the waste load can be done by reducing the pollution load that flowing to the river.
Spatial and temporal patterns of suspended sediment concentrations in the Rhine River
Authors: Sutari C A T , Van der Perk M , Middelkoop H
Published: March 2020

Suspended sediment is a natural and crucial component and plays a crucial role in the hydrological, ecological and geomorphological functioning of the river system. The main objective of this study was to understand the spatial and temporal variation of SSC in Rhine River. This study used daily data of suspended sediment concentration from 1952 to 2016 from SSC model Sutari et al. (submitted manuscript, 2019) and daily data of water discharge collected from International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine (IKSR) and Dutch Rijkswaterstaat from 1995 to 2016 to understand the change of SSC. Analyses of product images suggest that the change of SSC shows a marked increase of about 6 mg/L at Upper Rhine (km 0 to km 435), a gradual increase of about 3 mg/L at Middle Rhine (km 435 to km 735), and is relatively constant at Lower Rhine (km 735 to km 865). Turning to seasonal variation, high SSC is mostly found in winter while low SSC is mostly found in summer. However, another result shows that the SSC tend to be high in June at almost all monitoring stations where the discharge is minimum. Meanwhile, under high discharge condition, the Mosel River gives the most significant contribution of SSC to the Rhine compared to other tributaries due to having a high discharge.
Granulometry analysis of Ngrayong sandstone, Tempuran Area, Rembang Zone, North East Java Basin
Authors: Min Htun Myo , Sapto Surjono Sugeng , Setyowiyoto Jarot
Published: March 2020

The study area is located near Tempuran Village, Rembang Zone, North-East Java. Ngrayong sandstone is a famous reservoir in north-east Java, mainly composed of sandstones which are exposed along east-west trending along the southern flank of Pakel Anticline. Eighteen samples from four different facies from eight outcrops conducted for granulometry analysis. The objective of this paper is to predict the reservoir potential base on granulometry analysis especially grain size and sorting. The study area is still needs to confirm about reservoir quality. Ngrayong Formation consists of laminated to thin bedded sandstone facies, thick bedded to massive sandstone facies, calcareous sandstone facies and cross-bedded sandstone facies. According to the analytical results, sandstone facies are composed of very fine to fine, poorly sorted to very well sorted sandstones. Base on the results of analyzed samples, Ngrayong sandstone have good porosity and permeability, thus Tempuran area can be considered as a prospective reservoir.
Relation between gross domestic product (GDP) and poverty population in East Kalimantan Province from 2013 - 2017
Authors: Putra A U , Putro H R V , Budiman L S , Adlina L , Putri R F
Published: March 2020

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is one of the important factors to determine the economic conditions of an area in a certain period. This study uses GDP according to the business field based on constant prices in 2010. The purpose of this study, first is to determine trends of GDP and the percentage of the poverty population. Second, is to find out the relationship between GDP to poverty in East Kalimantan. The method used in this study is spatial method to find out the distribution and temporal trends. For determine the relationship, this research used simple regression calculations. The results of the study show that: (1) From 2013 to 2017 the tendency of GDP in East Kalimantan Province was increasing and the most dominant GDP contributor sector was the mining sector. (2) The trend in the percentage of the poverty population in East Kalimantan Province from 2013 to 2017 is fluctuating. (3) Simple regression calculations indicate that there is a relationship between GDP and poverty in Bontang City, Kutai Barat Regency, and Penajam Paser Utara Regency.
Gorenstein modifications and \mathds{𝑄}-Gorenstein rings
Authors: Dao Hailong , Iyama Osamu , Takahashi Ryo , Wemyss Michael
Published: March 2020

Let

R
R

be a Cohen–Macaulay normal domain with a canonical module

ω
R

\omega _R

. It is proved that if

R
R

admits a noncommutative crepant resolution (NCCR), then necessarily it is

Q

\mathds {Q}

-Gorenstein. Writing

S
S

for a Zariski local canonical cover of

R
R

, a tight relationship between the existence of noncommutative (crepant) resolutions on

R
R

and

S
S

is given. A weaker notion of Gorenstein modification is developed, and a similar tight relationship is given. There are three applications: non-Gorenstein quotient singularities by connected reductive groups cannot admit an NCCR, the centre of any NCCR is log-terminal, and the Auslander–Esnault classification of two-dimensional CM-finite algebras can be deduced from Buchweitz–Greuel–Schreyer.
Realisms
Authors: Shonkwiler Alison
Published: March 2020

Realism is a historical phenomenon that is not of the past. Its recurrent rises and falls only attest to its persistence as a measure of representational authority. Even as literary history has produced different moments of “realism wars,” over the politics of realist versus antirealist aesthetics, the demand to represent an often strange and changing reality—however contested a term that may be—guarantees realism’s ongoing critical future.

Undoubtedly, realism has held a privileged position in the history of Western literary representation. Its fortunes are closely linked to the development of capitalist modernity, the rise of the novel, the emergence of the bourgeoisie, and the expansion of middle-class readerships with the literacy and leisure to read—and with an interest in reading about themselves as subjects. While many genealogies of realism are closely tied to the history of the rise of the novel—with Don Quixote as a point of departure—it is from its later, 19th-century forms that critical assumptions have emerged about its capacities and limitations. The 19th-century novel—whether its European or slightly later American version—is taken as the apex of the form and is tied to the rise of industrial capitalism, burgeoning ideas of social class, and expansion of empire. Although many of the realist writers of the 19th century were self-reflexive about the form, and often articulated theories of realism as distinct from romance and sentimental fiction, it was not until the mid-20th century, following the canonization of modernism in English departments, that a full-fledged critical analysis of realism as a form or mode would take shape. Our fullest articulations of realism therefore owe a great deal to its negative comparison to later forms—or, conversely, to the effort to resuscitate realism’s reputation against perceived critical oversimplifications. In consequence, there is no single definition of realism—nor even agreement on whether it is a mode, form, or genre—but an extraordinarily heterogenous set of ways of approaching it as a problem of representation.

Standard early genealogies of realism are to be found in historical accounts such as Ian Watt’s The Rise of the Novel and György Lukács’ Theory of the Novel and The Historical Novel, with a guide to important critiques and modifications to be found in Michael McKeon’s Theory of the Novel. This article does not retrace those critical histories. Nor does it presume to address the full range of realisms in the modern arts, including painting, photography, film, and video and digital arts. It focuses on the changing status of realism in the literary landscape, uses the fault lines of contemporary critical debates about realism to refer back to some of the recurrent terms of realism/antirealism debates, and concludes with a consideration of the “return” to realism in the 21st century.
Medium
Authors: Trotter David
Published: March 2020

The term “medium” has a long and complicated history. In its most general sense, it originally meant an intermediate agency, instrument, or substance. During the 19th century, it acquired two further common meanings, first as the raw material or mode of expression distinguishing a particular artistic practice, and then, in the sense now prevalent, as a channel of mass communication. For much of its history, literature’s primary medium (or “channel”) has been the printed book, which remains an object of theoretical as well as historical enquiry, often in a comparative context. Since around 1850, the proliferation of technical media—from telegraph and telephone through film, radio, and television to the internet and the mobile phone—has piled comparative context upon comparative context for the study of literature to take into account. From its origins in the 1920s, media theory has tended to reverse engineer an understanding of what a “medium” is and does from its description and analysis of specific material technologies in operation. Its original focus, with film, radio, and television in mind, was on the medium as technical and ideological instrument. However, as material technologies have become ever widespread, sophisticated, and diverse, so their function has begun to resemble that of an intervening agency or substance, rather than that of an instrument.
Miranda, Francisco de
Authors: Almeida Joselyn M.
Published: March 2020

Francisco de Miranda (1750–1816), known as El Precursor (the Precursor) in Latin America, belongs in the canon of Latino Literature as a contrapuntal figure to the better-known and frequently anthologized Álvar Nuñez, Cabeza de Vaca, and as a critical Hispanic voice amidst better-known European travelers such as Alexis de Tocqueville. Miranda’s journey can be considered within the context of his dramatic transatlantic life and the broader historiography. In the Viaje por los Estados Unidos, 1783–1784, translated as The New Democracy in America: Travels of Francisco de Miranda in the United States, 1783–1784, Miranda articulates a hemispheric consciousness that anticipates the impact of Latino immigration in the American story, turning it into a North–South narrative, as well recent developments in American studies. At the same time, he opens a space for sovereignty in Latin America. Through his experiences in the United States, Miranda confronts the limits of a democracy predicated on exclusionary categories of race, gender, and class. Finally, Miranda can be considered an early exponent of Romanticism in the Hispanophone world in his engagement with the historical sublime and his construction of an autobiographical subject who is conscious of being a historical agent.
Hemispheric Approaches to Asian American Literature
Authors: Goellnicht Donald C.
Published: March 2020

Hemispheric approaches to Asian American literature disrupt, supplement, and interrogate the cultural nationalist focus of early Asian American studies, transpacific and transnational approaches to Asian American studies that came to prominence in the 1990s, and the overall dominance of the United States in Asian American studies. These approaches have largely been championed by scholars working in Canada or on Canadian material, by feminist and queer scholars, and by those working on interethnic or interracial approaches between “Asian American” and black/African American, Latinx, and/or Native/Indigenous communities. The term “hemispheric” was preceded by Asian North American, which has been employed from fairly early in the maturing of Asian American literary and cultural criticism. Key also is the scholarly history of hemispheric approaches to Asian North American literature and culture (and to a lesser extent Asian Caribbean and Latin American literature and culture), the cross-border relations between artists and activists of Asian descent in North America, and the U.S. cultural imperialism inherent in this approach as well as its potential to diversify and open up the field of Asian American literary and cultural studies. The hemispheric approach also uncovers some of the limitations of the “transnational” and “diaspora” approaches that currently dominate Asian American studies and emphasize an east-west, transpacific spatiality.