bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the SNARE Stx8 recycling reveals that the retromer-sorting motif has undergone evolutionary divergence
Authors: Yanguas Francisco , Valdivieso M.-Henar
Published: March 2021

Fsv1/Stx8 is aSchizosaccharomyces pombeprotein similar to mammalian syntaxin 8.stx8Δcells are sensitive to salts, and the prevacuolar endosome (PVE) is altered instx8Δcells. These defects depend on the SNARE domain, data that confirm the conserved function of syntaxin8 and Stx8 in vesicle fusion at the PVE. Stx8 localizes at thetrans-Golgi network (TGN) and the prevacuolar endosome (PVE), and its recycling depends on the retromer component Vps35, and on the sorting nexins Vps5, Vps17, and Snx3. Several experimental approaches demonstrate that Stx8 is a cargo of the Snx3-retromer. Using extensive truncation and alanine scanning mutagenesis, we identified the Stx8 sorting signal. This signal is an IEMeaM sequence that is located in an unstructured protein region, must be distant from the transmembrane (TM) helix, and where the133I,134E,135M, and138M residues are all essential for recycling. This sorting motif is different from those described for most retromer cargoes, which include aromatic residues, and resembles the sorting motif of mammalian polycystin-2 (PC2). Comparison of Stx8 and PC2 motifs leads to an IEMxx(I/M) consensus. Computer-assisted screening for this and for a loose Ψ(E/D)ΨXXΨ motif (where Ψ is a hydrophobic residue with large aliphatic chain) shows that syntaxin 8 and PC2 homologues from other organisms bear variation of this motif. The phylogeny of the Stx8 sorting motifs from theSchizosaccharomycesspecies shows that their divergence is similar to that of the genus, showing that they have undergone evolutionary divergence. A preliminary analysis of the motifs in syntaxin 8 and PC2 sequences from various organisms suggests that they might have also undergone evolutionary divergence, what suggests that the presence of almost-identical motifs in Stx8 and PC2 might be a case of convergent evolution.
Doublesex regulates fruitless expression to promote sexual dimorphism of the gonad stem cell niche
Authors: Zhou Hong , Whitworth Cale , Pozmanter Caitlin , Neville Megan C. , Van Doren Mark
Published: March 2021

Doublesex (Dsx) and Fruitless (Fru) are the two downstream transcription factors that actuateDrosophilasex determination. While Dsx assists Fru to regulate sex-specific behavior, whether Fru collaborates with Dsx in regulating other aspects of sexual dimorphism remains unknown. One important aspect of sexual dimorphism is found in the gonad stem cell (GSC) niches, where male and female GSCs are regulated to create large numbers of sperm and eggs. Here we report that Fru is expressed male-specifically in the GSC niche and plays important roles in the development and maintenance of these cells. Unlike previously-studied aspects of sex-specific Fru expression, which are regulated by Transformer (Tra)-mediated alternative splicing, we show that male-specific expression offruin the gonad is regulated downstream ofdsx, and is independent oftra.frugenetically interacts withdsxto support maintenance of the niche throughout development. Ectopic expression offruinhibited female niche formation and partially masculinized the ovary.fruis also required autonomously for cyst stem cell maintenance and cyst cell survival. Finally, we identified a conserved Dsx binding site upstream offrupromoterP4that regulatesfruexpression in the niche, indicating thatfruis likely a direct target for transcriptional regulation by Dsx. These findings demonstrate thatfruacts outside the nervous system to influence sexual dimorphism and reveal a new mechanism for regulating sex-specific expression offruthat is regulated at the transcriptional level by Dsx, rather than by alternative splicing by Tra.
Poverty, sanitation, and Leptospira transmission pathways in residents from four Brazilian slums
Authors: Khalil Hussein , Santana Roberta , de Oliveira Daiana , Palma Fabiana , Lustosa Ricardo , Eyre Max T. , Carvalho-Pereira Ticiana , Reis Mitermayer G. , Ko Albert I. , Diggle Peter J. , Alzate Lopez Yeimi , Begon Mike , Costa Federico
Published: March 2021

Residents of urban slums suffer from a high burden of zoonotic diseases due to individual, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. We conducted a cross-sectional sero-survey in four urban slums in Salvador, Brazil, to characterize how poverty and sanitation contribute to the transmission of rat-borne leptospirosis. Sero-prevalence in the 1,318 participants ranged between 10.0 and 13.3%. We found that contact with environmental sources of contamination, rather than presence of rat reservoirs, is what leads to higher risk for residents living in areas with inadequate sanitation. Further, poorer residents may be exposed away from the household, and ongoing governmental interventions were not associated with lower transmission risk. Residents at higher risk were aware of their vulnerability, and their efforts improved the physical environment near their household, but did not reduce their infection chances. This study highlights the importance of understanding the socioeconomic and environmental determinants of risk, which ought to guide intervention efforts.
The transcriptional landscape of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (TC-83) infection
Authors: Yao Zhiyuan , Zanini Fabio , Kumar Sathish , Karim Marwah , Saul Sirle , Bhalla Nishank , Panpradist Nuttada , Muniz Avery , Narayanan Aarthi , Quake Stephen R. , Einav Shirit
Published: March 2021

Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus (VEEV) is a major biothreat agent that naturally causes outbreaks in humans and horses particularly in tropical areas of the western hemisphere, for which no antiviral therapy is currently available. The host response to VEEV and the cellular factors this alphavirus hijacks to support its effective replication or evade cellular immune responses are largely uncharacterized. We have previously demonstrated tremendous cell-to-cell heterogeneity in viral RNA (vRNA) and cellular transcript levels during flaviviral infection using a novel virus-inclusive single-cell RNA-Seq approach. Here, we used this unbiased, genome-wide approach to simultaneously profile the host transcriptome and vRNA in thousands of single cells during infection of human astrocytes with the live-attenuated vaccine strain of VEEV (TC-83). Host transcription was profoundly suppressed, yet “superproducer cells” with extremely high vRNA abundance emerged during the first viral life cycle and demonstrated an altered transcriptome relative to both uninfected cells and cells with high vRNA abundance harvested at later time points. Additionally, cells with increased structural-to-nonstructural transcript ratio exhibited upregulation of intracellular membrane trafficking genes at later time points. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments confirmed pro- and antiviral activities in both vaccine and virulent VEEV infections among the products of transcripts that positively or negatively correlated with vRNA abundance, respectively. Lastly, comparison with single cell transcriptomic data from other viruses highlighted common and unique pathways perturbed by infection across evolutionary scales. This study provides a high-resolution characterization of the VEEV (TC-83)-host interplay, identifies candidate targets for antivirals, and establishes a comparative single-cell approach to study the evolution of virus-host interactions.
Exposure to formaldehyde and asthma outcomes: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and economic assessment
Authors: Lam Juleen , Koustas Erica , Sutton Patrice , Padula Amy M. , Cabana Michael D. , Vesterinen Hanna , Griffiths Charles , Dickie Mark , Daniels Natalyn , Whitaker Evans , Woodruff Tracey J.
Published: March 2021

Background

Every major federal regulation in the United States requires an economic analysis estimating its benefits and costs. Benefit-cost analyses related to regulations on formaldehyde exposure have not included asthma in part due to lack of clarity in the strength of the evidence.

Objectives

1) To conduct a systematic review of evidence regarding human exposure to formaldehyde and diagnosis, signs, symptoms, exacerbations, or other measures of asthma in humans; and 2) quantify the annual economic benefit for decreases in formaldehyde exposure.

Methods

We developed and registered a protocol in PROSPERO (Record ID #38766, CRD 42016038766). We conducted a comprehensive search of articles published up to April 1, 2020. We evaluated potential risk of bias for included studies, identified a subset of studies to combine in a meta-analysis, and rated the overall quality and strength of the evidence. We quantified economics benefit to children from a decrease in formaldehyde exposure using assumptions consistent with EPA’s proposed formaldehyde rule.

Results

We screened 4,821 total references and identified 150 human studies that met inclusion criteria; of these, we focused on 90 studies reporting asthma status of all participants with quantified measures of formaldehyde directly relevant to our study question. Ten studies were combinable in a meta-analysis for childhood asthma diagnosis and five combinable for exacerbation of childhood asthma (wheezing and shortness of breath). Studies had low to probably-low risk of bias across most domains. A 10-μg/m3 increase in formaldehyde exposure was associated with increased childhood asthma diagnosis (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: [1.02, 1.41]). We also found a positive association with exacerbation of childhood asthma (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: [0.92, 1.28]). The overall quality and strength of the evidence was rated as “moderate” quality and “sufficient” for asthma diagnosis and asthma symptom exacerbation in both children and adults. We estimated that EPA’s proposed rule on pressed wood products would result in 2,805 fewer asthma cases and total economic benefit of $210 million annually.

Conclusion

We concluded there was “sufficient evidence of toxicity” for associations between exposure to formaldehyde and asthma diagnosis and asthma symptoms in both children and adults. Our research documented that when exposures are ubiquitous, excluding health outcomes from benefit-cost analysis can underestimate the true benefits to health from environmental regulations.
Delivering patient care during large-scale emergency situations: Lessons from military care providers
Authors: Varpio Lara , Bader-Larsen Karlen , Hamwey Meghan , Durning Steven , Meyer Holly , Cruthirds Danette , Artino Anthony
Published: March 2021

Background

Today, physicians are at the front lines of a pandemic response. Military physicians are uniquely trained to excel in such large-scale emergency situations. Civilian physicians can harness military know-how, but it will require research into military healthcare responses—specifically, we need to learn lessons from military interprofessional healthcare teams (MIHTs).

Methods

This research answers two questions: What are the characteristics of successful MIHTs? Why are those characteristics important to MIHT success in large-scale emergency situations? Using a Grounded Theory approach, 30 interviews were conducted soliciting perspectives from the broadest range of healthcare professionals who had experiences working in and leading MIHTs. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants broadly across: contexts where MIHTs work; military branches; ranks; genders; and healthcare professions. Data were iteratively collected and analyzed.

Results

30 participants were interviewed (18 male (60%); 21 officers (70%); 9 enlisted (30%)) who held various healthcare occupations (medic/tech/corpsman (9); nurse (7); physician (7); dentist (2); occupational therapist (2); chaplain (1); physician’s assistant (1); and psychiatrist (1)).

Six characteristics of successful MIHTs that are directly applicable to large-scale emergency situations were identified thatthat clustered into two themes: own your purposes and responsibilities (through mission focus and ethical bearing) and get it done, safely (via situational awareness, adaptability, and leadership with followership).

Conclusions

This study provides insights, informed by decades of military service and training, to help civilian physicians succeed in large-scale emergency situations. These experiences from the war front can support today’s pandemic responses on the home front.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on skin cancer diagnosis: A population-based study
Authors: Asai Yuka , Nguyen Paul , Hanna Timothy P.
Published: March 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has been unprecedented and has led to drastic reductions in non-urgent medical visits. Deferral of these visits may have critical health impact, including delayed diagnosis for melanoma and other skin cancers. We examined the influence of the pandemic on skin biopsy rates in a large population-based cohort.

Methods

Using a universal health care claims dataset from Ontario, we examined skin biopsies from January 6, 2020 to September 27, 2020, and compared these to the same period for 2019. Those diagnosed with anogenital cancers, younger than 20 years, residing out-of-province and with lapses in coverage were excluded. The sensitivity and specificity of claims diagnoses compared to a validated algorithm to identify keratinocyte carcinoma (KC), or to the cancer registry for melanoma was evaluated. Factors associated with biopsy during the early pandemic were investigated with modified Poisson regression.

Results

A precipitous drop in total skin biopsies (15% of expected), biopsies for KC (18%) and melanoma (27%) was seen with the onset of COVID-19 cases (p<0.01). Claims diagnoses were of high specificity for KC (99%), and for melanoma (98%), though sensitivity was less (61%, 28% respectively). In adjusted analysis, the elderly (80+ years), females and residents of certain regions were less likely to be biopsied during the pandemic. Subsequently, there were substantial improvements in biopsy rates over 10 weeks. However, compared to 2019, a large backlog of expected cases still remained 28 weeks after lockdown (45,710 all biopsy, 9,104 KC, 595 melanoma).

Interpretation

A drastic reduction in skin biopsies is noted early in the COVID-19 pandemic; this disproportionately affected the elderly, females and certain geographic regions. Though biopsies subsequently increased, a large backlog of cases remained after almost half a year. This will have implications for downstream care of skin cancer. Efforts should be made to limit diagnostic delay.
Silicon-containing water intake confers antioxidant effect, gastrointestinal protection, and gut microbiota modulation in the rodents
Authors: Wu Wei-Yi , Chou Pei-Li , Yang Jyh-Chin , Chien Chiang-Ting
Published: March 2021

We explored the effects of silicon-containing water (BT) intake on gastrointestinal function and gut microbiota. BT was obtained by pressuring tap water through silicon minerals (mullite, Al6Si2O13) column. BT decreased H2O2chemiluminescence counts, indicating its antioxidant activity. Four weeks of BT drinking increased H2O2scavenging activity and glutathione peroxidase activity of plasma. BT drinking did not affect the body weight but significantly reduced the weight of feces and gastrointestinal motility. BT drinking significantly suppressed pylorus ligation enhanced gastric juice secretion, gastric reactive oxygen species amount, erythrocyte extravasation, IL-1β production by infiltrating leukocyte, and lipid peroxidation within gastric mucosa. Data from 16S rRNA sequencing revealed BT drinking significantly increased beneficial flora includingRuminococcaceaeUCG-005,PrevotellaceaeNK3B31,Weissella paramesenteroides,Lactobacillus reuteri, andLactobacillus murinusand decreased harmful flora includingMucispirillum,Rodentibacter, andStaphylococcus aureus. This study pioneerly provided scientific evidences for the potential effects of water-soluble forms of silicon intake on antioxidant activity, gastrointestinal function, and gut microbiota modulation.
Automated system for diagnosing endometrial cancer by adopting deep-learning technology in hysteroscopy
Authors: Takahashi Yu , Sone Kenbun , Noda Katsuhiko , Yoshida Kaname , Toyohara Yusuke , Kato Kosuke , Inoue Futaba , Kukita Asako , Taguchi Ayumi , Nishida Haruka , Miyamoto Yuichiro , Tanikawa Michihiro , Tsuruga Tetsushi , Iriyama Takayuki , Nagasaka Kazunori , Matsumoto Yoko , Hirota Yasushi , Hiraike-Wada Osamu , Oda Katsutoshi , Maruyama Masanori , Osuga Yutaka , Fujii Tomoyuki
Published: March 2021

Endometrial cancer is a ubiquitous gynecological disease with increasing global incidence. Therefore, despite the lack of an established screening technique to date, early diagnosis of endometrial cancer assumes critical importance. This paper presents an artificial-intelligence-based system to detect the regions affected by endometrial cancer automatically from hysteroscopic images. In this study, 177 patients (60 with normal endometrium, 21 with uterine myoma, 60 with endometrial polyp, 15 with atypical endometrial hyperplasia, and 21 with endometrial cancer) with a history of hysteroscopy were recruited. Machine-learning techniques based on three popular deep neural network models were employed, and a continuity-analysis method was developed to enhance the accuracy of cancer diagnosis. Finally, we investigated if the accuracy could be improved by combining all the trained models. The results reveal that the diagnosis accuracy was approximately 80% (78.91–80.93%) when using the standard method, and it increased to 89% (83.94–89.13%) and exceeded 90% (i.e., 90.29%) when employing the proposed continuity analysis and combining the three neural networks, respectively. The corresponding sensitivity and specificity equaled 91.66% and 89.36%, respectively. These findings demonstrate the proposed method to be sufficient to facilitate timely diagnosis of endometrial cancer in the near future.
Community participation in the collaborative governance of primary health care facilities, Uasin Gishu County, Kenya
Authors: Sitienei Jackline , Manderson Lenore , Nangami Mabel
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Community participation in the governance of health services is an important component in engaging stakeholders (patients, public and partners) in decision-making and related activities in health care. Community participation is assumed to contribute to quality improvement and goal attainment but remains elusive. We examined the implementation of community participation, through collaborative governance in primary health care facilities in Uasin Gishu County, Western Kenya, under the policy of devolved governance of 2013.

Methods

Utilizing a multiple case study methodology, five primary health care facilities were purposively selected. Study participants were individuals involved in the collaborative governance of primary health care facilities (from health service providers and community members), including in decision-making, management, oversight, service provision and problem solving. Data were collected through document review, key informant interviews and observations undertaken from 2017 to 2018. Audio recording, notetaking and a reflective journal aided data collection. Data were transcribed, cleaned, coded and analysed iteratively into emerging themes using a governance attributes framework.

Findings

A total of 60 participants representing individual service providers and community members participated in interviews and observations. The minutes of all meetings of five primary health care facilities were reviewed for three years (2014–2016) and eight health facility committee meetings were observed. Findings indicate that in some cases, structures for collaborative community engagement exist but functioning is ineffective for a number of reasons. Health facility committee meetings were most frequent when there were project funds, with discussions focusing mainly on construction projects as opposed to the day-to-day functioning of the facility. Committee members with the strongest influence and power had political connections or were retired government workers. There were no formal mechanisms for stakeholder forums and how these worked were unclear. Drug stock outs, funding delays and unclear operational guidelines affected collaborative governance performance.

Conclusion

Implementing collaborative governance effectively requires that the scope of focus for collaboration include both specific projects and the routine functioning of the primary health care facility by the health facility committee. In the study area, structures are required to manage effective stakeholder engagement.
Digital image processing technology under backpropagation neural network and K-Means Clustering algorithm on nitrogen utilization rate of Chinese cabbages
Authors: Wang Qilin , Mao Xinyu , Jiang Xiaosan , Pei Dandan , Shao Xiaohou
Published: March 2021

The purposes are to monitor the nitrogen utilization efficiency of crops and intelligently evaluate the absorption of nutrients by crops during the production process. The research object is Chinese cabbage. The Chinese cabbage population with different agricultural parameters is constructed through different densities and nitrogen fertilizer application rates based on digital image processing technology, and an estimation NC (Nitrogen Content) model is established. The population is classified through the K-Means Clustering algorithm using the feature extraction method, and the Chinese cabbage population quality BPNN (Backpropagation Neural Network) model is constructed. The nonlinear mapping relationship between different agricultural parameters and population quality, and the contribution rate of each indicator, are studied. The nitrogen utilization of Chinese cabbage is monitored effectively. Results demonstrate that the proposed NC estimation model has correlation coefficients above 0.70 in different growth stages. This model can accurately estimate the NC of the Chinese cabbage population. The results of the Chinese cabbage population quality BPNN model show that the population planting density based on the seedling number is reasonable. The constructed population quality evaluation model has a high R2 value and a comparatively low RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) value for the quality evaluation of Chinese cabbage in different periods, showing that it applies to evaluate the population quality of Chinese cabbage in different growth stages. The constructed nitrogen utilization model and quality evaluation model can monitor the nutrient utilization of crops in different growth stages, ascertain the agricultural characteristics of other yield groups in different growth stages, and clarify the performance of agricultural parameters in different growth stages. The above results can provide some ideas for crop growth intelligent detection.
Transcriptome analysis of the impact of exogenous methyl jasmonate on the opening of sorghum florets
Authors: Liu Suifei , Fu Yongqi , He Yongming , Zeng Xiaochun
Published: March 2021

Background

Methyl Jasmonate (MeJA) could promote the opening of sorghum florets, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear.

Objective

We aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of exogenous MeJA in promoting the opening of sorghum florets.

Methods

Hybrid sorghum Aikang-8 was selected as the test material in this study. Sorghum plants of uniform growth with approximately 20%-25% florets open were selected and treated with 0, 0.5 and 2.0 mmol/L of MeJA. Totally there were 27 samples with lodicules removed were obtained at different time points and used for the transcriptome analysis using the BGISEQ_500RS platform.

Results

The results showed the sorghum florets opened earlier than the control after the treatment with exogenous MeJA, and the promotive effect increased along with the increase of exogenous MeJA concentration. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in plasma cells increased with the increase of MeJA concentration, whether up- or down-regulated, after the exogenous MeJA treatment. Besides, the number of metabolic pathways was also positively correlated with the concentration of MeJA. GO and KEGG analysis suggested the DEGs were mainly enriched in starch and sucrose metabolism-related pathways (i.e., LOC8063704, LOC8083539 and LOC8056206), plant hormone signal transduction pathways (i.e., LOC8084842, LOC8072010, and LOC8057408), energy metabolic pathway (i.e., LOC8076139) and the α-linolenic acid metabolic pathway (i.e., LOC8055636, LOC8057399, LOC8063048 and LOC110430730). Functional analysis of target genes showed that two genes named LOC-1 (LOC8063704) and LOC-2 (LOC8076139) could induce the earlier flowering of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that exogenous MeJA treatments could induce the up- or down- regulation of genes related to starch and sucrose metabolism, -linolenic acid metabolism and plant hormone signal transduction pathways in the plasma cells of sorghum florets, thereby promoting the opening of sorghum florets.
Identification of psychological features and development of an assessment tool for event-related psychological distress after experiencing non-traumatic stressful events
Authors: Seki Ryota , Hashimoto Tasuku , Tanaka Mami , Ishii Hiroki , Ogawa Michi , Sato Aiko , Kimura Atsushi , Shiina Akihiro , Nakazato Michiko , Iyo Masaomi
Published: March 2021

Stressful events in daily life that are non-traumatic (e.g., family-, school-, work-, interpersonal-, and health-related problems) frequently cause various mood disturbances. For some people, being exposed to non-traumatic but stressful events could trigger the onset and relapse of mood disorders. Furthermore, non-traumatic stressful events also cause event-related psychological distress (ERPD), similar to that of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD; i.e., intense intrusive imagery or memory recall, avoidance, and hyperarousal) in the general population and individuals with mood disorders. However, previous ERPD studies only showed that people with ERPD display PTSD-like symptoms after non-traumatic experiences; they failed to get to the crux of the matter by only utilizing trauma- or PTSD-related assessment tools. We thus aimed to identify the psychological phenomena and features of ERPD after individuals experienced non-traumatic stressful events, and to develop and validate an appropriate ERPD assessment tool. First, we conducted a qualitative study to obtain the psychological features through interviews with 22 individuals (mean age = 41.50 years old,SD= 12.24) with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder. Second, in the quantitative component, we implemented a web-based survey with 747 participants of the general population (mean age = 41.96 years old,SD= 12.64) by using ERPD-related questionnaires created based on the qualitative study; then, we examined the reliability and validity of the ERPD assessment tool. Results yielded that the psychological features of ERPD comprised four factors: feelings of revenge, rumination, self-denial, and mental paralysis. These were utilized in the developed 24-item measure of ERPD—a novel self-report assessment tool. For various professionals involved in mental healthcare, this tool can be used to clarify and assess psychological phenomena in people with ERPD.
Experiences and needs of persons living with a household member infected with SARS-CoV-2: A mixed method study
Authors: Verberk Janneke D. M. , Anthierens Sibyl A. , Tonkin-Crine Sarah , Goossens Herman , Kinsman John , de Hoog Marieke L. A. , Bielicki Julia A. , Bruijning-Verhagen Patricia C. J. L. , Gobat Nina H.
Published: March 2021

Background

Households are important sites for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and preventive measures are recommended. This study aimed to 1) investigate the impact of living with a person infected with SARS-CoV-2; 2) understand how household members implemented infection control recommendations in their home; and 3) identify the information and support needs of household members.

Methods

For this observational mixed-methods study, households with a person with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were recruited via drive-through testing sites of Municipal Health Services, healthcare worker screening or hospital emergency visits in the University Medical Centre Utrecht, the Netherlands and via primary care physicians, hospital emergency visits or preoperative screening in the University Hospital of Antwerp, Belgium. We recorded household characteristics, including characteristics of all household members, together with their views on prevention measures. In a subset of households one adult household member was asked to participate in an interview investigating their views on preventive measures. Survey data were analysed using descriptive statistics and interview data by rapid framework analysis. A triangulation protocol was used to integrate findings.

Results

Thirty-four households (120 household members) were included in the quantitative survey. Twenty-two households were invited to be interviewed, of which 18 completed an interview (response 81.8%). Survey data showed that almost all households implemented some preventive measures, the use of face masks being least frequently reported. Measures taken depended on what was physically possible, the perceived severity of illness of the index patient and to what extent household members were willing to limit social interaction. Respondents did not believe in the effectiveness of wearing face masks within the house, and from the interviews this was explained by media coverage of face masks, impracticality and the stigma associated with wearing masks. Interviewees reported that quarantine had a high emotional burden and wished to have more information about the exact duration of quarantine, their own COVID-19 status, symptoms and when to seek medical help.

Conclusion

People were willing to implement prevention measures, however actual adherence depended on perceived severity of illness and the perceived risk of becoming infected. Homes are social environments and recommendations for infection prevention should account for this context. Incorporating our findings into policy making could provide households with more relevant and actionable advice.
Misio kritikorako MCPTT zerbitzuaren integrazioa 5G-NFV ertzeko konexio-sare batean
Authors: López-Cuadrado Javier , Blanco Bego , Jimeno Elisa , Catalán-Cid Miguel , Atxutegi Eneko
Published: March 2021

5G teknologiaren helburu handienetako bat da egungo komunikazio-ekosistema hobetzea. Helburu hori lortzeko, etorkizun handiko irtenbidea da ertzeko konexio-sareen erabilpena, batez ere misio kritikoko zerbitzuak erabiltzen direnean, ertzeko konexio-sareek konputazio-mailan eta komunikazio-trukeari dagokion abiaduran ekartzen dituzten garapenak baliatu ahal izatean. Testu hau MCPTT zerbitzuan ardaztuko da; hau da, gaur egungo larrialdi-talde koordinatuei ahots-komunikazio klasikoa eskaintzen dion horretan. MCPTT zerbitzua 5G ekosisteman integratzearen erronka nagusiak zerikusia du horren funtzionamenduaren orkestrazioarekin, hain zuzen ere MCPTT zerbitzuak sareko azpiegitura beste hainbat zerbitzu eta sareko operadorerekin partekatu behar baitu. Artikulu honetan, software bidez definitutako sare-funtzioak eta sare-funtzioak birtualizatzeko estandar teknologikoak konbinatzen dituen arkitektura bat proposatzen da, 5G estandarrarekin bat datorrena. Ertzeko cluster batean, slicing sareko arkitekturaren birtualizazio-mekanismoa erabiliz, MCPTT zerbitzua nola hedatu den ere azaltzen da. Zehazki, MCPTT sareko funtzio birtuala osatzen duten unitateak deskribatzen dira. Bestalde, sistema osoaren orkestrazioa alertak arintzeko modulu batekin batera lan egiten duen monitorizazio-sistema batean oinarritzen da. Monitorizazio-sistemak zerbitzuaren eragiketarekin, baliabideen erabilerarekin edota irrati bidezko sarbidearen operazioarekin zerikusia duten hainbat parametro jaso eta biltzen ditu denbora errealean, eta, irakurritako balioen arabera, bi alerta mota eman ditzake: batetik, baliabide birtualei dagozkienak bereizten dira, eta, bestetik, irrati-baliabideei eragiten dietenak. Azkenik, MCPTT zerbitzua hedatu ondoren lortutako emaitzak ere aurkezten dira. Horretarako, lehenik eta behin, zerbitzuaren funtzionamendua dinamikoki doitzeko erabili diren monitorizazio-metrikak deskribatzen dira, eta, jarraian, sistemaren probak gauzatzeko zehaztutako agertokiak aurkezten dira. Emaitzen arabera, sistemak agertokietako eskaerei espero bezala erantzuten diela eta bere funtzionamendua dinamikoki ondo egokitzen duela frogatu da.
Az on-line vásárlás vevői elfogadottsága Magyarországon (Adoption of on-line commerce in Hungary)
Authors: Kis Gergely , Szalay Kornélia , Takács Nikoletta , Nagy Piroska
Published: March 2021

A hazai internethasználat terjedésével egyre népszerűbbek az on-line kereskedelmi modellek, egyre több cég kísérli meg, hogy terméket vagy szolgáltatást értékesítsen az interneten. Például az on-line könyvértékesítések és a diszkont légitársaságok jegyeladásai az e-kereskedelem kiugró ágazatai közé tartoznak – ez a hasonlóság adja a tanulmány alapját. Dinamikusan növekvő keresleti igények honorálják az internetes megjelenést, és fordítva: a fogyasztói e-felkészültséget gyakran a kínálati oldal indukálja. A szerzők kutatásukban a hazai internethasználat bemutatásával és fókuszcsoportos beszélgetések révén próbálják meg feltárni, hogy mi minden szükséges ahhoz, hogy valódi alternatívát jelentsen az on-line kereskedelem a vevők számára. Kísérletet tesznek a keresleti oldal átfogó bemutatására, hasonlóságokra és különbségekre fókuszálva, valamint szintén összevetik a kínálati oldal jellemző karaktereit, ezek egyezőségeit és eltéréseit vizsgálva. ______________ With the spreading of Hungarian internet usage online e-commerce models have become more and more popular, more and more companies start to sell products and services via the internet. For instance the on-line book sales and purchase of discount airline tickets belong to the leading branches of e-business and demonstrate that dynamically increasing demand generates supply. In this research first the authors introduces the basic data about internet usage in Hungary. Then, based on a series of focused group discussions they examine what the key customer requirements are to really consider e-commerce as a serious alternative for traditional shopping. They attempt to describe the demand side and juxtapose it with the characteristics of the supply side of Hungarian e-commerce.
A Epistemologia charroniana de Descartes (I)
Authors: Garcia Nunes Rubens
Published: March 2021

Na sua obra magistral De La Sagesse, Pierre Charron sistematiza uma epistemologia cética, que configura o pano de fundo e o alvo central do ceticismo moderno: o critério de evidência. A epistemologia charroniana desenvolve os conceitos basilares que serão empregados nas Regras para a direção do Espírito e incorporados no Discurso do Método como elementos cruciais para o formulação do cogito cartesiano. O escopo deste trabalho é explicitar a conexão das concepções capitais que compõem as "Regras para a direção do Espírito" com a epistemologia cética sitematizada no "De La Sagesse" e realçar os vínculos que permitem a inferência de que o critério cartesiano de "evidência" é, fundamentalmente, um conceito charroniano.
Editorial – n.71 v.34 - maio/ago. 2020
Authors: Matos dos Santos Vanessa
Published: March 2021

Com muito orgulho, apresentamos esta nova edição, de número 71, da Revista Educação e Filosofia. Publicada em meio a um cenário marcado pelas instabilidades (sanitária, política, econômica etc), esta edição, composta por 5 artigos que abordam o tema específico do dossiê Fenomenologia e mais 11 artigos nas áreas de Educação e de Filosofia, se coloca como voz de resistência em um contexto pandêmico que alterou (e segue alterando) não apenas as estruturas da sociedade, mas sobretudo a dimensão dos nossos afetos, nossas formas de sentir e interagir com o Outro e conosco mesmo enquanto seres no mundo e não apenas do mundo.

Apesar dos tempos duros e sombrios, insistimos, seguimos, lutamos. Neste sentido, a temática deste dossiê é um convite à reflexão a partir de nós mesmos, nossas vivências cotidianas, relações e contradições.
La sicurezza sul lavoro nella Costituzione e nel Codice Civile
Authors: Petrucci Fabio
Published: March 2021

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Pós-positivismo e Argumentação Jurídica
Authors: Garcez Duarte Hugo
Published: March 2021

O artigo visa analisar a proposta hodierna de conciliação entre validade formal e validade material (legitimidade). Para tal, discorremos sobre as teorias Positivista e Pós-positivista do Direito, perpassando os ditames da Escola da Exegese, tendo demonstrado que o conceito de Direito alterou-se de acordo com o paradigma adotado. Esta última encarou o Direito como ciência completa, sem lacunas, apta a resolução de todos os fatos da vida por meio da aplicação literal da lei. A primeira sucedeu-a com uma nova proposta, evidenciando o caráter discricionário de aplicação do Direito bem como sua indeterminação. A segunda, por sua vez, propõe-se a resolver os problemas que envolvem o poder discricionário do juiz e a indeterminação do Direito, não resolvidos pela primeira. Nesse sentido, suscitamos a teoria de Robert Alexy, que baseado no papel exercido pelos princípios e na argumentação jurídica, aponta o procedimento do Direito como parte de seu conceito.
Influência Histórica do Caso Julgado Desportivo Português nas Regras Jurídicas Brasileiras
Authors: Micael Flamínio da Silva Artur
Published: March 2021

O presente artigo tem como objectivo dar conta da influência histórica da ideia de Caso Julgado Desportivo existente no ordenamento jurídico português e que marca uma norma idêntica no sistema de justiça desportiva brasileiro. Por fim, apresentamos algumas pistas rumo à interpretação desta regra jurídica.
FERNÃNDEZ, Encarnación. De Vitoria a Libia: Reflexiones em Torno a la Responsabilidad de Proteger. Granada: Comares, 2013. (Colección Filosofia, Derecho y Sociedade).
Authors: Ferreira de Carvalho Edson
Published: March 2021

Resenha de livro
Direito do Consumo
Authors: Frota Mário
Published: March 2021

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Novas Perspectivas em Direito de Família e o Princípio da Autonomia Privada
Authors: D'Albuquerque Teila Rocha Lins
Published: March 2021

O presente artigo investiga a ingerência da autonomia privada nas relações de direito de família. Parte-se da nova concepção de família em que existe liberdade de atuação entre as partes componentes da entidade familiar para definir os contornos de suas vidas e alcançar uma realização plena, exercendo direitos fundamentais da dignidade da pessoa humana e autonomia privada. Essa reflexão inclui a própria composição familiar, o regime de bens do casamento e a negação da autonomia ao idoso, situações que têm se alterado junto às atuais diretrizes de estudo e aplicação do direito civil à luz da Constituição Federal.
Construção das Barreiras Simbólicas no Campo Jurídico
Authors: Valim Morgana Paiva
Published: March 2021

Este trabalho demonstra com criticidade o percurso de uma pesquisa de campo realizada nos Núcleos de Primeiro Atendimento. Esses órgãos são voltados ao atendimento jurídico gratuito da população na região dos lagos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Esses núcleos por representarem uma garantia de efetivo acesso à justiça acabam por ensejar também um estudo sobre as categorias de acesso à justiça e cidadania que perpassam nesses lócus de atividade jurídica. E, sobretudo o reforço de um diálogo harmônico com vistas à possibilidade de inserção indivíduo no seio do judiciário. Aliada a percepção e atuação dos demais atores forenses nesse coletivo que endogenamente pautam-se pela arguição da democracia e pluralismo. De certo que, ao final são detalhadas e demonstradas as tensões e conflitos que permeiam no campo jurídico que sedimentam a politização de seus agentes e as convicções de manutenção das relações de poder, especialmente, da magistratura em ações ditas inovadoras e sociais.
Homo Sacer, de Giorgio Agamben
Authors: Caravieri Martins Juliane
Published: March 2021

Resenha de livro
Abrangência da Garantia Constitucional da Amplitude de Defesa e a sua Efetiva Aplicação Prática Durante os Plantões Policiais
Authors: Jardini Barbosa André Luis
Published: March 2021

Praticado o delito, faz-se instaurada a persecução penal. Esse é o poder-dever que toca ao Estado, em caráter exclusivo, para colher todos os elementos que sirvam, num primeiro instante, à comprovação tanto da efetiva ocorrência como, também, a indicação, ainda de precária, de que seja o seu autor. Tudo como forma de assegurar, pela via do processo - sua segunda fase - venha ele a ser responsabilizado penalmente, assegurando-se o âmbito das relações sociais. A persecução penal encontra, no inquérito policial, o seu grande protagonista. Sobre esse procedimento administrativo, cujo manejo constitui atribuição exclusiva dos órgãos de polícia judiciária contudo, pesam dúvidas no sentido da necessidade de efetiva observância da garantia constitucional da ampla defesa. Considerando-se que a grande maioria dos inquéritos policiais se inicia pelo auto de prisão em flagrante, os quais, por sua vez, são elaborados durante os plantões policiais, e, portanto, fora do chamado expediente forense, ao menos de se questionar se não ocorreria, nesses casos, uma aparente violação da garantia mencionada. Nesse contexto, procurar-se-á analisar, também, até que ponto a presença efetiva da defensoria pública nas sedes daqueles plantões policiais não viria em socorro das pessoas que se veem imersas naquela realidade.
Bionomics of slender burnished brass (Thysanoplusia orichalcea [Fabricius, 1775], Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Kashmir
Authors: NISA Gousul , BUHROO Abdul A.
Published: March 2021

A study on biology, morphometrics and geometrical progression of Thysanoplusia orichalcea was conducted on Solanum tuberosumunder laboratory conditions. Different stages viz., egg, larva, pupa and adult of T. orichalcea were observed for their duration and morphometric measurements. The pest depicted five larval instars and moultedfour times during the entire period. The average pre oviposition and oviposition period was observed to be 3.80 and 2.80 days respectively.Further, fecundity ranges between 381.0-400.0 with an average of 388.0 eggs. The mean incubation period was found to be 4.2 days. The average larval, pre pupal and pupal period was completed in 23.1, 1.4 and 9.5 days respectively. While mean adult longevity on S. tuberosum was 7.45 days. The total life cycle was completed in 41.0-51.0 days with an average of 45.65 days. Moreover, mean head capsule width of first, second, third, fourth and fifth larval instar was found to be 0.33, 0.54, 0.88, 1.46 and 2.24 mm respectivelywith Dyar’s ratio/ growth ratio of 1.63 mm. The expected head capsule width of first, second, third, fourth and fifth larval instar wasobserved as 0.33, 0.53, 0.86, 1.40 and 2.28 mm respectively.
Effect of selected Rwandan wheat varieties on the physicochemical characteristics of whole wheat flour
Authors: RWUBATSE Bernard , OKOTH Michael Wandayi , ANDAGO Angela Adhiambo , NGALA Sophia , KIMONYO Anastase , BITWAYIKI Clement
Published: March 2021

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the wheat varieties newly introduced in Rwanda on the physicochemical characteristics of their whole wheat grains in order to know their potentials for processing. Gihundo wheat grain variety had the highest values for extraction yield (99.20 %), contents of ash (1.47 %) and total dietary fiber (15.97 %), water absorption capacity (89.00 %), dough development time (7.62 min) and brightness (84.67 %). For the same physicochemical characteristics, whole flour from Nyaruka wheat variety showed the lowest values for extraction yield (96.20%), water absorption capacity (80.00 %), dough development time (6.33 min) and brightness (80.33), while whole flour from Reberaho wheat variety exhibited the lowest values for the contents of ash (0.98 %) and total dietary fiber (12.44 %). The protein content ranged between 10.00 % and 10.85 % for whole flours from all wheat varieties. The results showed that whole flour from Gihundo wheat grain variety exhibited high values for most of the physicochemical characteristics determined in comparison to the other three varieties. It is important to select grains or flour from these wheat varieties newly introduced in Rwanda based on the individual cultivar because their derivative products could have a more desired quality.
Does women’s intra-household bargaining power have effect on child welfare? Evidence from farm households in Ogun state, Nigeria
Authors: ADEKUNLE Chioma Patricia , ALORI David Alaba , KUTU Adebayo Augustine
Published: March 2021

This study examines whether greater women’s household bargaining power is associated with the improvement in children’s welfare in Ogun State, Nigeria. Using data from 320 farm households with a Logit regression model, the study revealed that 31.86 % of children under-five years of age were stunted, 32 % were underweight and 16.2 % were wasted. Children growing up healthy were 62 %, implying that one – third of under-five children in the study area still experience nutrition deficiency. About 3.33 % and 1.05 % children simultaneously experienced stunting and wasting together, which perhaps suggests a harsh deprivation environment. In addition, 63.33 % of women in the study area had low bargaining power implying that they lack control over important decisions in their households. Women who enjoy decision-making power in their households, particularly with large purchasing power, are associated with having children with better height-for-age, mass-for-age, and mass-for-height ratios. Women’s inequality as relates to intra-household bargaining power negatively affects children’s welfare and leads to chronic malnutrition. As a policy recommendation, it is therefore, important to enhance women’s status, which, with time will lead to more investment in their children’s education, health, and overall welfare.
Nutritional indices and biochemical profile of Helicoverpa armigera [Hübner (1808)] on different groundnut genotypes
Authors: WAR Abdul Rasheed , HUSSAIN Barkat , MISHRA Suraj Prashad , MUNGHATE Rajendra S , SHARMA Hari C
Published: March 2021

Nutritional indices and biochemical profile of Helicoverpa armigera in response to feeding on different groundnut genotypes was studied. The moderately resistant genotypes were ICGV 86699, ICGV 86031, ICG 2271 and ICG 1697.  JL 24 was used as the susceptible check. Consumption index (CI), approximate digestibility (AD), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) were recorded. In addition, the activities of digestive and defensive enzymes of H. armigera were studied. H. armigera larvae showed significantly lower CI, AD, ECI and EDI when fed on moderately resistant genotypes than the insects fed on JL 24. Serine protease and trypsin activities were low in insects fed on resistant genotypes than the ones fed on JL 24. Further, insects fed on resistant genotypes showed significantly greater glutathione-S-transferase activity than the insects fed on JL 24. A reverse trend was observed for esterase activity. Similar trend was observed for total protein content of the insects. Thus, nutritional quality of host plants affects insect’s physiology and could be used as an important indicator of host plant resistance against insect pests and to understand the adaptation of insect pests, if any, to various genotypes/host plants.