bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WALLABY Pilot Survey: Gas-rich Galaxy Scaling Relations from Marginally Resolved Kinematic Models
Authors: Deg N. , Arora N. , Spekkens K. , Halloran R. , Catinella B. , Jones M. G. , Courtois H. , Glazebrook K. , Bosma A. , Cortese L. , Dénes H. , Elagali A. , For B.-Q. , Kamphuis P. , Koribalski B. S. , Lee-Waddell K. , Mancera Piña P. E. , Mould J. , Rhee J. , Shao L. , Staveley-Smith L. , Wang J. , Westmeier T. , Wong O. I.
Published: November 2024

We present the first set of galaxy scaling relations derived from kinematic models of the Widefield Australian Square Kilometer Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) L-band Legacy All-sky Blind surveY (WALLABY) pilot phase observations. Combining the results of the first and second pilot data releases, there are 236 available kinematic models. We develop a framework for robustly measuring H i disk structural properties from these kinematic models, applicable to the full WALLABY survey. Utilizing this framework, we obtained the H i size, a measure of the rotational velocity, and angular momentum for 148 galaxies. These comprise the largest sample of galaxy properties from an untargeted, uniformly observed, and modeled H i survey to date. We study the neutral atomic hydrogen (H i) size–mass, size–velocity, mass–velocity, and angular momentum–mass scaling relations. We calculate the slope, intercept, and scatter for these scaling relations and find that they are similar to those obtained from other H i surveys. We also obtain stellar masses for 92 of the 148 robustly measured galaxies using multiband photometry through Dark Energy Sky Instrument Legacy Imaging Survey Data Release 10 images. We use a subset of 61 of these galaxies that have consistent optical and kinematic inclinations to examine the stellar and baryonic Tully–Fisher relations as well as the gas fraction–disk stability and gas fraction–baryonic mass relations. These measurements and relations demonstrate the unprecedented resource that WALLABY will represent for resolved galaxy scaling relations in H i.
Evolutionary States and Triplicity of Four Massive Semidetached Binaries with Long-term Decreasing Orbital Periods in the LMC
Authors: Li Fu-Xing , Qian Sheng-Bang , Zhu Li-ying , Liao Wen-Ping , Zhao Er-gang , Li Min-Yu , Sun Qi-Bin , Chang Lin-Feng , Lin Wen-Xu
Published: November 2024

The massive semidetached binary with a long-term decreasing orbital period may involve a rapid mass-transfer phase in Case A, and thus, they are good astrophysical laboratories for investigating the evolution of massive binary stars. In this work, by using the long-term observational light curves from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment project and other data in the low-metallicity Large Magellanic Cloud, four semidetached massive binaries with long-term decreases in the orbital periods are detected from 165 EB-type close binaries. It is found that the more massive component in S07798 is filling its Roche lobe, where the period decrease is caused by mass transfer from the primary to the secondary. However, the other three (S03065, S12631, S16873) are semidetached binaries with a lobe-filling secondary where the mass transfer between the components should cause the period to increase if the angular momentum is conservative. The long-term period decreases in these three systems may be caused by angular momentum loss. Additionally, the orbital periods of three systems (S03065, S07798, S16873) are detected to show cyclic variation with periods shorter than 11 yr, which can be plausibly explained by the presence of close-in third bodies in these massive binaries. Based on all of these results, it is suggested that the detected four semidetached binaries almost have multiplicity. The companion stars are crucial for the origin and evolution of these massive close binaries.
Streaming Instabilities in Accreting Protoplanetary Disks: A Parameter Study
Authors: Wang Shiang-Chih , Lin Min-Kai
Published: November 2024

The streaming instability (SI) is currently the leading candidate for triggering planetesimal formation in protoplanetary disks. Recently, a novel variation, the “azimuthal-drift” streaming instability (AdSI), was discovered in disks exhibiting laminar gas accretion. Unlike the classical SI, the AdSI does not require pressure gradients and can concentrate dust even at low abundances. We extend previous simulations of the AdSI to explore the impact of dust abundance, accretion-flow strength, pressure gradients, and grain size. For a dimensionless accretion-flow strength α
M = 0.1 and particle Stokes number St = 0.1, we find the AdSI produces dust filaments for initial dust-to-gas ratios as low as ϵ = 0.01. For ϵ ≳ 1, maximum dust-to-gas ratios of order 100 are attained, which can be expected to undergo gravitational collapse. Furthermore, even in systems dominated by the classical SI, an accretion flow drives filament formation, without which the disk remains in a state of small-scale turbulence. Our results suggest that an underlying accretion flow facilitates dust concentration and may thus promote planetesimal formation.
Constraints on Remnant Planetary Systems as a Function of Main-sequence Mass with HST/COS
Authors: Ould Rouis Lou Baya , Hermes J. J. , Gänsicke Boris T. , Sahu Snehalata , Koester Detlev , Tremblay P.-E. , Veras Dimitri , Farihi Jay , Heintz Tyler M. , Gentile Fusillo Nicola Pietro , Redfield Seth
Published: November 2024

As the descendants of stars with masses less than 8 M
⊙ on the main sequence, white dwarfs provide a unique way to constrain planetary occurrence around intermediate-mass stars (spectral types BAF) that are otherwise difficult to measure with radial-velocity or transit surveys. We update the analysis of more than 250 ultraviolet spectra of hot (13,000 K < T
eff < 30,000 K), young (less than 800 Myr) white dwarfs collected by the Hubble Space Telescope, which reveals that more than 40% of all white dwarfs show photospheric silicon and sometimes carbon, signposts for the presence of remnant planetary systems. However, the fraction of white dwarfs with metals significantly decreases for massive white dwarfs (M
WD > 0.8 M
⊙), descendants of stars with masses greater than 3.5 M
⊙ on the main sequence, as just

11

−
4

+
6

% exhibit metal pollution. In contrast, 44% ± 6% of a subset of white dwarfs (M
WD < 0.7 M
⊙) unbiased by the effects of radiative levitation are actively accreting planetary debris. While the population of massive white dwarfs is expected to be influenced by the outcome of binary evolution, we do not find merger remnants to broadly affect our sample. We connect our measured occurrence rates of metal pollution on massive white dwarfs to empirical constraints of planetary formation and survival around stars with masses greater than 3.5 M
⊙ on the main sequence.
Could the Interband Lag of Active Galactic Nucleus Vary Randomly?
Authors: Su Zhen-Bo , Cai Zhen-Yi , Wang Jun-Xian , Wang Tinggui , Xue Yongquan , Cai Min-Xuan , Fan Lulu , Guo Hengxiao , He Zhicheng , He Zizhao , Hu Xu-Fan , Jiang Ji-an , Jiang Ning , Kang Wen-Yong , Lei Lei , Liu Guilin , Liu Teng , Liu Zhengyan , Sheng Zhenfeng , Sun Mouyuan , Zhao Wen
Published: November 2024

The interband lags among the optical broad-band continua of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) have been intensively explored over the past decade. However, the nature of the lags remains under debate. Here, utilizing two distinct scenarios for AGN variability, i.e., the thermal fluctuation of accretion disk and the reprocessing of both the accretion disk and clouds in the broad line region, we show that, owing to the random nature of AGN variability, the interband lags of an individual AGN would vary from one campaign with a finite baseline to another. Specifically, the thermal fluctuation scenario implies larger variations in the lags than the reprocessing scenario. Moreover, the former predicts a positive correlation between the lag and variation amplitude, while the latter does not result in such a correlation. For both scenarios, averaging the lags of an individual AGN measured with repeated and nonoverlapping campaigns would give rise to a stable lag, which is larger for a longer baseline and gets to saturation for a sufficiently long baseline. However, obtaining the stable lag for an individual AGN is very time-consuming. Alternatively, it can be equivalently inferred by averaging the lags of a sample of AGNs with similar physical properties, and thus can be properly compared with predictions of AGN models. In addition, several new observational tests suggested by our simulations are discussed, as well as the role of the deep high-cadence surveys of the Wide Field Survey Telescope in enriching our knowledge of the lags.
Test of Cosmic Web-feeding Model for Star Formation in Galaxy Clusters in the COSMOS Field
Authors: Ko 고 Eunhee 은희 , Im Myungshin , Lee Seong-Kook , Laigle Clotilde
Published: November 2024

It is yet to be understood how large-scale environments influence star formation activity in galaxy clusters. One recently proposed mechanism is that galaxy clusters can remain star forming when fed by infalling groups and star-forming galaxies from large-scale structures (LSSs) surrounding them (the “web-feeding” model). Using the COSMOS2020 catalog that has half a million galaxies with high-accuracy (σ
Δz/1+z
∼ 0.01) photometric redshifts, we study the relationship between star formation activities in galaxy clusters and their surrounding environment to test the web-feeding model. We first identify 68 cluster candidates at 0.3 ≤ z ≤ 1.4 with halo masses at 1013.0–1014.5
M
⊙ and the surrounding LSSs with the friends-of-friends algorithm. We find that clusters with low fractions of quiescent galaxies tend to be connected with extended LSSs as expected in the web-feeding model. We also investigated the time evolution of the web-feeding trend using the IllustrisTNG cosmological simulation. Even though no clear correlation between the quiescent galaxy fraction of galaxy clusters and the significance of LSSs around them is found in the simulation, we verify that the quiescent galaxy fractions of infallers such as groups (M
200 ≥ 1012
M
⊙) and galaxies (M
200 < 1012
M
⊙) are smaller than the quiescent fraction of cluster members and that infallers can lower the quiescent fraction of clusters. These results imply that cluster-to-cluster variations of quiescent galaxy fraction at z ≤ 1 can at least partially be explained by feeding materials through cosmic webs to clusters.
Multispectral Sirens: Gravitational-wave Cosmology with (Multi-) Subpopulations of Binary Black Holes
Authors: Li 李 Yin-Jie 银杰 , Tang 唐 Shao-Peng 少鹏 , Wang 王 Yuan-Zhu 远瞩 , Fan 范 Yi-Zhong 一中
Published: November 2024

The cosmic expansion rate can be directly measured with gravitational-wave (GW) data of the compact binary mergers by jointly constraining the mass function of the population and the cosmological model via the so-called spectral sirens. Such a method relies on the features in the mass functions, which may originate from some individual subpopulations and hence become blurred/indistinct due to the superposition of different subpopulations. In this work, we propose a novel approach to constrain the cosmic expansion rate with subpopulations of GW events, named multispectral sirens. The advantage of the multispectral sirens compared to the traditional spectral sirens is demonstrated by the simulation with the mock data. The application of this approach to the GWTC-3 data yields

H

0

=

73.3

−
25.6

+
29.9

Mpc

−
1

km

s

−
1

(median and symmetric 68.3% credible interval), which is about 19% tighter than the result inferred with the traditional spectral sirens utilizing a powerlaw+peak mass function. The incorporation of the bright standard siren GW170817 with a uniform prior in [10, 200] (log-uniform prior in [20,140]) Mpc−1 km s−1 gives

H

0

=

71.1

−
7.5

+
15.0

(

70.3

−
7.1

+
12.9

)

Mpc

−
1

km

s

−
1

(68.3% confidence level), corresponding to an improvement of ∼26% (23%) with respect to the measurement from sole GW170817.
The Dehydration of Serpentines and Extraction of Water
Authors: Pohl Leos , Britt Daniel T.
Published: November 2024

Some groups of carbonaceous chondrites are dominated by phyllosilicates, specifically the serpentine group, which are characterized as alternating layers of silicates, metal cations, and hydroxyl (OH). Both antigorite, an Mg-rich member, and cronstedtite, an Fe-rich member, can be found in hydrated carbonaceous chondrites. Cronstedtite is found in substantial amounts in CM chondrites. The hydroxyl can make up to a quarter of the molecular mass, and part of it can turn into molecular water through thermal-induced crystal structure breakup. Understanding how the water is released through thermal effects is important for describing the history of certain near-Earth asteroids, as well as for ascertaining the viability of in situ resource utilization (ISRU) for a given object. Here we investigate the temperature of dehydration of the main serpentine constituents of carbonaceous chondrites—antigorite, lizardite, and cronstedtite—under both atmospheric and vacuum conditions. Our results show that the mass loss for cronstedtite starts at about 150 °C lower temperature than for the Mg serpentines. Additionally, vacuum does not affect significantly the onset of the mass loss, but it affects its dynamics. Finally, our observations suggest that cronstedtite loses additional oxygen molecules besides the ones contained within the hydroxyl. These results provide an important new perspective on the orbital history of certain asteroids and the required proximity to the Sun in order for them to lose water. Additionally, it puts the CM-type asteroids on the center stage for ISRU.
Percepción del colectivo investigador sobre los servicios de apoyo a la investigación en las bibliotecas universitarias españolas
Authors: Gámez-Sánchez Rosario , Lòpez-Borrull Alexandre
Published: November 2024

El artículo proporciona una visión sobre la percepción del colectivo investigador en relación a los servicios de apoyo a la investigación que se están ofreciendo en la actualidad desde las bibliotecas universitarias españolas. El estudio se llevó a cabo a través de una encuesta en línea en la que participaron 418 investigadores. Dicha encuesta constaba de 27 preguntas relacionadas con los servicios de apoyo a la investigación, formación, asesoramiento, comunicación, difusión y valoración de los mismos. Los resultados confirmaron que la gran mayoría de investigadores eran conocedores de los servicios de apoyo aunque más de la mitad afirmaron que no eran usuarios de la biblioteca. Se valora positivamente el papel del personal bibliotecario, la formación y el asesoramiento a diferencia de la comunicación y difusión.
How can we get beyond the Transformative Agreements: a Swedish perspective
Authors: Widmark Wilhelm
Published: November 2024

In this work there will be a critical discussion about transformative agreements and their development. Will they lead to a rapid change towards a fully equitable open scholarly publication system or are they just a new business model for the commercial publishers that won´t drive the necessary change in the system? The article will be based on a discussion on the policy development on Open Access in Sweden, from Council conclusions to National guidelines on Open Science, and how Sweden is striving to get from policy to practice. Finally, the article will describe how the Swedish Bibsam consortia are implementing the policy developments in their strategies and how they actually negotiate to get beyond the transformative agreements.
Empirical Association of Start-Up Ecosystems With Economic Development in Different Income Countries
Authors: Singh Ajay Kumar , Gupta Meenakshi , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: November 2024

This chapter observes the significance of the start-up ecosystem in the progress of economic development across 157 countries. These countries are divided into high, upper-middle, lower-middle and low-income groups. It applied four distinct imbalanced panel data for mentioned income group countries in empirical inquiries. While cost of business start-up procedures (CBSP) as a percentage of per capita GNI and per capita gross domestic product are included as proxy variables for start-up ecosystem and economic development, respectively, in the regression analysis. Log-linear regression model is used to estimate the coefficients of explanatory variables with economic development and start-up ecosystem. Start-up ecosystems and explanatory variables have dissimilar influences on economic development, and vice versa in different income groups of countries. Each income group country, therefore, should adopt diverse policies to accomplish social and economic benefits from the start-up ecosystem.
Development and Validation of the Immediate Postpartum Care Adherence Questionnaire: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior among Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Al-Rajabi Omymah Z. , Abushaikha Lubna A. , Hadid Lourance A. Al
Published: November 2024

Background:

The postpartum period is critical for women and newborns. Many complications, such as deaths, are preventable by utilizing appropriate postpartum care. We aimed to assess healthcare professionals’ adherence to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) immediate postpartum care guidelines, investigating factors influencing their adoption at Jordanian hospitals.

Materials and Methods:

A methodological study design, developing, and testing the psychometric properties of the Immediate Postpartum Care Adherence Questionnaire (IPCAQ) was created based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, extensive literature review, and the WHO guidelines following a manual construct questionnaire, and using a deductive method. The IPCAQ was developed using four steps: domain identification, scale construction, judgmental evidence, and psychometric evaluation.

Results:

The final draft of IPCAQ consisted of four domains and 63 items deductively formulated from the theoretical constructs. The domains are attitudes, behavioral intention, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. They were subsumed by four subthemes, general caring assessment, counseling, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. The IPCA showed high content (0.94) and face validity indices (0.97), moderate content scale universal agreement (0.77), and excellent face agreement (0.81) for the 63 items. IPCAQ is a reliable instrument that measures adherence to immediate postpartum care guidelines.

Conclusions:

IPCAQ is reliable and valid in the current sample. The IPCAQ can be used to assess healthcare professionals’ adherence to immediate postpartum care guidelines, identify factors influencing the adoption of standardized care to overcome barriers to adherence, and facilitate high-quality care.
Tracheoesophageal fistula in a case of Pott’s spine
Authors: Anokar Anita T. , Chougale Samruddhi Dhanaji , Bargaje Medha , Deoskar Ram B. , Dhotre Ashish , Prasad Amarnath , Rajput Avani
Published: November 2024

Acquired tracheoesophageal fistula (TOF) is a rare entity. We present a case of a 49-year male, non-smoker, with no known comorbidities admitted with acute respiratory symptoms and desaturation to a COVID hospital during the first peak of the pandemic. Initial workup showed all raised inflammatory markers, deranged liver function, and poor ejection fraction of 20%. COVID RT-PCR was negative. Early high-resolution computed tomography done as COVID suspect, peaked up the tracheoesophageal fistula with aspiration pneumonia. On magnetic resonance imaging spine, paradiscal, prevertebral involvement at the D1-D2 level suggesting Pott’s spine, with mediastinal irregular cavity formation, ruptured in trachea and esophagus. A detailed history revealed neck pain for 3 months and increased cough while swallowing for 10 days. Neck pain was not evaluated due to fear of COVID and lockdown. On esophagoscopy, anterior wall of the upper esophagus had fistula with smooth clear margins. Diagnosis of tubercular TOF confirmed on endotracheal inflamed fistulous track secretions. The patient was treated conservatively with initial nasogastric tube feeding and antitubercular treatment achieving complete resolution.
Comparison between fluoroscopy-guided radiofrequency ablation of genicular nerves and intra-articular injection of steroid in relieving pain and improving function among candidates of knee replacement surgery
Authors: Chabungbam Margaret , Singh Akoijam J. , Singh Longjam N. , Pilania Chandrakant , Choorapra Sreejith , Swami Tripti , Rajkumari Kanti
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the second most common rheumatologic problem in India. Prevalence of OA in India is 22–39% and knee OA alone contributes to 80% of OA burden. Despite the immense impact of this disease, very few effective non-surgical treatment options are available. The present study aims to compare fluoroscopy-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of genicular nerves with intra-articular (IA) injection of methylprednisolone acetate in relieving pain and improving function in Grade 3 and 4 OA of knee.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A randomized controlled trial was done in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences for a period of 1 year on 76 patients with knee OA Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) grade 3 and 4. They were divided into two groups: study and control groups. The study group underwent RFA of genicular nerves of knee, whereas the control group received IA knee injection with methylprednisolone acetate 80 mg. Assessments of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) were done at 1, 4, and 12 weeks.

RESULTS:

The study group showed a decrease in VAS score from 6.84 ± 0.638 at baseline to 2.61 ± 0.718 at 1 week and 2.97 ± 0.885 at 12 weeks. The control group showed a decrease in VAS score from 5.82 ± 0.563 at baseline to 2.18 ± 0.393 at 1 week and 4.03 ± 0.545 at 12 weeks. WOMAC function score improved from 44.79 ± 7.185 at baseline to 26.79 ± 4.375 at 12 weeks in the RFA group, whereas in the steroid group it improved from 41.26 ± 5.310 at baseline 24.89 ± 3.431 at 12 weeks (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION:

RFA of genicular nerve can be used as an effective modality for providing cost-effective and long-standing pain relief in patients with KL Grade 3 and 4 OA knee who are unable to undergo knee replacement surgery.
Functional outcome of proximal tibia fractures (Shatzker’s type V and VI) fixed with open reduction and internal fixation with dual plate osteosynthesis
Authors: Singh Charan Jagdish , Singh Vishal , Gundavarapu Avinash , Kumar Shashi H. K.
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Tibial plateau fractures occur when the proximal tibia bears an excessive axial load and commonly occur in road Traffic accidents and sports injuries. It constitutes 1% of all orthopedic fractures and 8% of fractures in the elderly. The treatment of tibial plateau fractures is continuously evolving. Various techniques have emerged over the last few decades. Many people have studied these fractures and their management modalities and no single consensus has been reached regarding the superiority of any modality.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Following institutional scientific and ethical committee approval, this study was undertaken in the patients with proximal tibia fractures (Shatzker’s type V and VI) reporting to the Department of Orthopedics at Apollo Hospital Bannerghatta Road, Bengaluru during the study period. This was a prospective observational study. A total of 30 consecutive patients were followed up as per the inclusion criteria. They were followed up for 6 months.

RESULTS:

There were a total of 30 cases of proximal tibia Shatzker type V and VI fractures followed up during the study period. The demographics constituted 73.33% males and 26.67% females with an age range of 23–64 years and a mean age of 41.66 years. The most common mode of injury was road traffic accidents amounting to 73.33% of fractures. The majority of patients were in the age group less than 40 years and men were involved more than women. The functional outcome measured via the Modified Rasmussen Score showed good to excellent results in 93.33% of cases in the postop period at 6 months.

CONCLUSION:

This study shows fixation with dual anatomical locking plate and screws for proximal tibia Shatzker type V and VI fractures gives good to excellent functional outcomes in the early postop period.
Triple-Phase Computed Tomography and Sonoelastographic Evaluation in Focal Hepatic Lesions
Authors: Patil Satish D. , Kamat H Arjun , Nimbal Vishal , Sajjan Siddaroodha , Muchandi Rajshekhar , Patil Shivanand , Kanamadi Suresh
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The liver plays a crucial role in metabolism and has a complex vascular structure, making the accurate characterization of hepatic lesions essential for diagnosis and treatment. This study explores the effectiveness of triple-phase computed tomography (CT) and sonoelastography in evaluating focal hepatic lesions.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 patients with liver lesions who underwent triple-phase CT and elastographic ultrasound evaluations. The study analyzed various lesion characteristics, such as echogenicity, shape, and stiffness measurements, obtained through elastography.

Results:

Ultrasonography findings varied significantly between benign and malignant lesions. Elastography values were higher in malignant lesions, and triple-phase CT provided detailed insights into lesion characteristics, confirming the effectiveness of these imaging techniques in distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions.

Conclusions:

The integration of triple-phase CT and sonoelastography offers a comprehensive approach to evaluating focal hepatic lesions, enhancing diagnostic accuracy, particularly in differentiating benign from malignant lesions.
Investigating the Relationship Between Orthodontic Treatment and Temporomandibular Joint Disorders in Adolescents
Authors: Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Hajeer Mohammad Younis , Alruwaili Renad Atallah , Alfaleh Almas Ali , Alhashash Ola Bassam
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Orthodontic treatment is widely utilized to correct malocclusions and improve dental aesthetics in adolescents. However, its potential association with the development of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) remains controversial.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective cohort study was conducted involving 200 adolescents aged 12–18 years undergoing orthodontic treatment. Participants were divided into two groups: those receiving fixed appliances (n = 150) and those undergoing aligner therapy (n = 50). The presence and severity of TMDs were assessed using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months post-treatment initiation. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression to identify potential risk factors.

Results:

At baseline, 10% of the total cohort exhibited mild TMD symptoms. After 12 months, 25% of the fixed appliance group showed an increase in TMD symptoms, compared to 15% in the aligner group. The logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between the duration of treatment with fixed appliances and the development of TMDs (OR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.2–5.1; P = 0.02). However, no significant correlation was found between aligner therapy and TMD incidence (OR = 1.1; 95% CI: 0.5–2.3; P = 0.67).

Conclusion:

The findings suggest that prolonged orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances may increase the risk of developing TMDs in adolescents, whereas aligner therapy appears to have a minimal impact on TMJ function.
The Impact of Virtual Reality-Based Simulation Training on Dental Students’ Clinical Skills and Confidence
Authors: Singh Vikas , Vidya B , Jameela Reshma V. , Bipinchandra Liya N. , Bordoloi Pratiksha , Srivastav Monika
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Virtual reality (VR) technology has emerged as a promising tool in dental education, offering immersive and interactive environments for students to practice clinical skills.

Materials and Methods:

A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 60 dental students. Participants were randomly assigned to either a VR-based simulation training group (n = 30) or a control group receiving traditional training (n = 30). The VR group utilized a VR simulation platform that included various clinical scenarios, while the control group engaged in conventional hands-on practice with dental models. Clinical skills were assessed using a standardized checklist, and student confidence was measured through a validated questionnaire before and after the training.

Results:

The VR-based simulation group demonstrated a significant improvement in clinical skills, with an average score increase from 65% to 85% (P < 0.01), compared to the control group, which showed an increase from 64% to 72% (P < 0.05). Additionally, students in the VR group reported a substantial boost in confidence levels, with mean scores rising from 3.2 to 4.5 out of 5, compared to the control group’s increase from 3.1 to 3.8 (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

VR-based simulation training significantly enhances dental students’ clinical skills and confidence compared to traditional methods. This innovative approach has the potential to supplement conventional training, providing a more effective and engaging learning experience.
Quantitative Evaluation of Apically Extruded Debris During Root Canal Instrumentation with Self-Adjusting File, Reciprocating File, and Rotary Files: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Burad Pratik A. , Fuladi Kushal U. , Ramteke Ankita D. , Akotkar Aishwarya M. , Mokhade Vidya A , Bhagat Anil
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

To prevent postoperative problems, successful debridement, disinfection, and obturation are essential components of endodontic therapy. Inflammation and flare ups may result from the apical ejection of bacteria, infected dentin, necrosed pulp tissue, and irrigants. In recent days many rotational root canal instrumentation devices have been designed to lessen debris ejection.

Materials and Methods:

Extracted 75 mandibular first premolars were split into five groups of different rotary systems, including the Self Adjusting File (SAF), WaveOne (WO), OneShape (OS), Mtwo, and ProTaper NEXT (PTN), used to instrument each group. After biomechanical processing, the extruded material was weighed and collected in preweighed Eppendorf tubes to determine the debris’s apical extrusion. A one way ANOVA and the post hoc Tukey–Kramer multiple comparisons test were used to statistically evaluate the debris weights, P < 0.05.

Results:

Apical debris ejection was seen in all instrumentation systems. With a mean value of 0.0013 mg, the SAF system displayed the least amount of extrusion, PTN (0.0028 mg), Mtwo (0.0035 mg), OS (0.011 mg), WO (0.0122 mg). A statistically significant difference (P = 0.0003) was found between the groups according to the ANOVA test. Significant differences were found (P < 0.01) between SAF and WO, SAF and OS and between WO and PTN, WO and Mtwo.

Conclusion:

The research came to the conclusion that all rotary file systems produced debris to extrude apically but SAF showed the least amount of debris extrusion and WO the highest.
Evaluation of Bone Supported Ultra Lock Ezy Bar versus Erich Arch Bar for the Treatment of Mandibular Fractures
Authors: Desai Yesha M. , Kumar B Saravana
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Maxillofacial trauma treatment involves maxillomandibular fixation. Despite reduced need for post-operative MMF with plating devices, temporary intraoperative MMF is still necessary for proper tooth positioning. The aim of this research is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness, impact on patient gingival health, glove perforation, and time required for utilizing the Ultra Lock Ezy Bar compared to Erich’s Arch Bar.

Methods:

Ten patients with mandibular fractures were randomly split into two groups for treatment: Group A (study) and Group B (control). Group A received treatment with an Ultra Lock Ezy Bar and screws, while Group B received treatment using an Erich’s Arch Bar and wires. Follow-ups were done for suture removal, wound healing, and evaluations on gingival index, glove perforations, and treatment times.

Results:

In application time, group A had mean of 44.00 ± 3.391 and group B had 90 ± 9.354, with no significant difference. Neither group showed significant mean differences in removal time. Group B had statistically significant glove perforation (4.80 ± 0.837) compared to 0 in group A. Pre-operative gingival index comparison showed significance. After four weeks, group B’s mean index was 1.720 ± 0.2387 and group A’s was 1.120 ± 0.2049 with no statistical distinctions.

Conclusion:

To sum up, the randomized control experiment produced convincing results when comparing Erich’s Arch Bar with Ultra Lock Ezy Bar for mandibular fixation in ten patients. With notably quicker application and removal times, no glove perforations, and comparable gingival health immediately following surgery, Ultra Lock Ezy Bar showed clear benefits.
Assessment of the Relationship between Craniofacial Measurements and Maxillary Central Incisor Width using Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Alresheedi Bandar Awadh
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

This study aimed to explore the relationships between bizygomatic width, inter-orbital distance, and the central incisor width (CIW).

Materials and Methods:

A total of 80 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were analyzed. The measurements taken included bizygomatic width and inter-orbital distance. A bivariate correlation was performed to evaluate the relationships between CIW and craniofacial measurements. Independent samples t-tests were used to compare these measurements between genders.

Results:

Mean values for CIW and bizygomatic width were significantly higher in males than females (P < 0.05). The bivariate analysis revealed significant, positive, moderate correlations between CIW and bizygomatic width (r = 0.401, P < 0.01), but not inter-orbital distance (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

This study found that while bizygomatic width is moderately correlated with CIW, inter-orbital distance is not. Additionally, significant gender differences exist regarding bizygomatic width and CIW, with males exhibiting larger dimensions.
Decoding the Orientalist Paradigm: A Critical Analysis of George R. R. Martin’s A Song of Ice and Fire
Authors: Dinçer İsmail Can
Published: November 2024

In his book series, A Song of Ice and Fire, George R.R. Martin constructs a fantasyland of Westeros and Essos in which he employs a Eurocentric perspective through Orientalist tropes. This reveals a cultural, educational, and political dichotomy between his fictional Orient and Occident, depicting a more civilised and superior Westland and a more exotic and barbaric Eastland. Throughout the five books, Essos, which stands for Asia, the Middle East, and Africa, is always associated with barbaric and magical rituals, nakedness, slavery, savagery, and exotic and erotic elements, and is therefore depicted as a more dangerous landscape to live in. Westeros which represents Europe on the other hand, is portrayed as more civilised, educated, and chivalric, bestowed with every so-called superior European and Christian value. In this context, this study attempts to interrogate Edward Said’s post-colonial critique of Orientalism to elucidate the manifestations of the Eurocentric paradigm inherent in George R.R. Martin’s world-building techniques within his magnum opus, A Song of Ice and Fire, and to dissect the implications of the Orientalism within the broad spectrum of fantasy literature. To this end, through a close reading of the novels, this article will foreground the contrast between Westeros and Essos, highlighting the central position of Western societies and the otherisation of Eastern cultures by detailing the elements that perpetuate the superiority of the Occident and the inferiority of the Orient in Martin's fictional world.
Whole-genome re-sequencing of the Baikal seal and other phocid seals for a glimpse into their genetic diversity, demographic history, and phylogeny
Authors: Nebenführ Marcel , Arnason Ulfur , Janke Axel
Published: November 2024

The Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica) is a freshwater seal endemic to Lake Baikal, where it became landlocked million years ago. It is an abundant species of least concern despite the limited habitat. Research on its genetic diversity had only been done on mitochondrial genes, restriction fragment analyses, and microsatellites, before its reference genome was published. Here, we report the genome sequences of six Baikal seals, and one individual of the Caspian, ringed, and harbor seal, re-sequenced from Illumina paired-end short read data. Heterozygosity calculations of the six newly sequenced individuals are similar to previously reported genomes. Also, the novel genome data of the other species contributed to a more complete phocid seal phylogeny based on whole-genome data. Despite the isolation of the land-locked Baikal seal, its genetic diversity is comparable to that of other seal species. Future targeted genome studies need to explore the genomic diversity throughout their distribution.
QUESTÕES AGRÁRIAS
Authors: Figueiredo Suzamary Almira de , Silva Cibele Elias da , Pires Demisa Francisca , Gomes Paola Cristina Paixão Aleixo , Santos Uilma Honorato dos
Published: November 2024

O estudo trata sobre o diagnóstico das Questões Agrárias analisadas em livros didáticos do 2º ano do Ensino médio. E visa compreender como os conteúdos de Geografia são abordados e apresentados em livros didáticos do Ensino Médio para o entendimento da questão agrária. O método empregado se caracterizou como uma pesquisa exploratória, e foram utilizados os seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: pesquisa bibliográfica, levantamento e seleção dos livros didáticos, fase Interpretativa e a representação pictórica. A análise dos dados reforça a relevância dos conteúdos referentes às questões agrárias no ensino de Geografia. E como o livro didático é direcionado a essa temática e contribui para o entendimento desse segmento. Além dos aspectos de paisagens agrícolas, sobretudo atenta para as abordagens socioeconômicas que estão articuladas ás questões agrárias, portanto as fronteiras agrícolas ampliam-se em praticamente todas as regiões brasileiras, reforçando a importância de estudar essa temática que move os setores da economia na contemporaneidade.
Resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos de amplio espectro en el Hospital Nacional de San Marcos
Authors: Sotz Poyón Lester Wilfredo , Curuchiche Mux Rolando Emmanuel , Fuentes de León Ericka Melissa , Velásquez Ortega Karina Dalila , Castillo Callejas Aylin Alejandra , Domínguez Alcázar Edmundo José , Armas Imeri Sergio André , Mínchez Molina Franci Adalberto
Published: November 2024

PROBLEMA:  Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud la resistencia bacteriana constituye una de las 10 principales amenazas a la salud pública; esto resulta en infecciones más difíciles de tratar, mayor duración de las enfermedades y un incremento en los costos de atención médica. OBJETIVO: Determinar cuál es la resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos de amplio espectro por medio de urocultivos positivos y antibiograma para optimizar el manejo y tratamiento de las infecciones de las vías urinarias en pacientes que acudieron al Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia del Hospital Nacional de San Marcos, San Marcos, Guatemala.  MÉTODO: descriptivo retrospectivo no experimental, con enfoque mixto, analizando 484 urocultivos que resultaron positivos de los años 2019 al 2023. RESULTADOS: La bacteria que predominó en los urocultivos fue Escherichia coli en 422 urocultivos de los 484 urocultivos positivos, esto corresponde a una tasa de incidencia de 87.19%. Los antibióticos que presentaron mayor índice de resistencia a las distintas cepas bacterianas fueron: trimetroprim/sulfametoxazol en 243 urocultivos positivos (50.21%), ciprofloxacino en 167 (34.5%), ampicilina 129 (26.65%), ceftriaxona 127 (26.24%), ceftazidima 126 (26.03%), cefepime 111 (22.93%) y ampicilina/sulbactam 109 (22.52%). CONCLUSIÓN: La resistencia a estos antibióticos puede ser por varios factores como: la venta libre de los mismos, los más recetados por lo médicos sin indicación y automedicación con el mismo tratamiento, no cumplimiento según posología de tratamiento antibiótico, poca práctica de relaciones sexuales saludables, conllevando todo esto a la creciente resistencia en los últimos años a estos fármacos.
ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED DNA TESTS IN THE INVESTIGATION OF GENERAL CRIMES IN INDONESIA
Authors: Noprianto Bachtiar
Published: November 2024

Investigating common crimes in Indonesia often faces challenges in proving them. DNA testing is internationally recognized as an accurate method of proof. However, its implementation in Indonesia is still hampered by limited health facilities and human resources, especially experts such as forensic scientists and law enforcement officials who are skilled in the use of forensic technology and analysis. With technological advancements, especially artificial intelligence, there is potential to improve the effectiveness of DNA testing in investigations. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the challenges in implementing artificial intelligence-based DNA tests in the investigation of common crimes in Indonesia and to identify strategic measures to overcome these barriers while maximizing the potential of this technology in law enforcement. The research method used is normative juridical, using a legal approach and an analytical approach. The findings of the study suggest that while artificial intelligence-based DNA testing has the potential to improve the effectiveness of investigations, significant challenges remain, including inadequate infrastructure, a lack of understanding among law enforcement officials, and the need for specialized training for forensic personnel. Furthermore, although Article 75 letter l of Law Number 35 of 2009 regulates the use of DNA tests, more detailed regulations are needed for the application of artificial intelligence in forensic analysis and evidence collection. AI-based DNA tests can improve the accuracy and efficiency of criminal investigations in Indonesia. Regulatory reform and collaboration between governments, educational institutions, and the private sector are needed to address the challenges and develop guidelines for their use.
THE STANDARD INPATIENT CLASS (KRIS) POLICY IN HOSPITALS AND ITS IMPACT ON THE DECLINE IN BED AVAILABILITY FOR BPJS
Authors: Meidiawaty Fusia
Published: November 2024

The Standard Inpatient Class (KRIS) policy introduced by BPJS Kesehatan aims to enhance equitable healthcare quality by standardizing hospital inpatient facilities in Indonesia. However, its implementation has raised concerns due to its significant impact on hospital bed availability, particularly in facilities with limited capacity, leading to challenges in service accessibility and quality. This study aims to examine the implications of the KRIS policy on bed capacity and healthcare service standards, as well as the obstacles faced by hospitals in maintaining service quality for BPJS participants. Employing a normative juridical method, the research systematically analyzes legal materials, including Presidential Regulation Number 59 of 2024, alongside relevant secondary literature. The findings reveal that the policy, while intended to improve service equity, has resulted in a notable decline in bed capacity, increased waiting times, and heightened workloads for medical personnel, particularly in resource-constrained hospitals. Hospitals in remote areas face additional challenges in meeting infrastructure requirements due to budget limitations. The study concludes that balancing the policy's quality standards with resource availability remains a critical issue, necessitating sustainable financial strategies, capacity-building programs, and innovative resource management solutions to ensure equitable healthcare access for all BPJS participants. Future research should focus on comparative assessments, patient satisfaction, and alternative strategies to optimize policy outcomes.
THE LEGAL PROTECTION OF HOSPITALS IN THE CASE OF NON-BPJS PATIENTS WHO ABSCOND AS A FORM OF BAD FAITH DUE TO THEIR INABILITY TO PAY
Authors: Wiweka Wiweka
Published: November 2024

Hospitals often encounter financial difficulties when non-BPJS patients evade payment due to financial incapacity, with some institutions unfairly shifting the financial burden onto doctors. This situation raises serious legal, ethical, and employment concerns, especially in light of Law No. 17 of 2023 on Health, which mandates institutional responsibility for patient management. Meanwhile, Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers promising solutions for predicting and mitigating financial risks by identifying high-risk patients, though it introduces new challenges regarding data privacy, accountability, and liability. This study aims to explore the legal protections available to doctors when patients abscond without paying, and to propose a legal framework for integrating AI in healthcare to prevent such incidents. Using a normative legal approach, the research analyzes key provisions of Law No. 17/2023, employment regulations, and relevant case studies involving financial disputes between doctors and hospitals. The results show that imposing financial liability on doctors not only breaches employment principles but also contradicts healthcare regulations. Furthermore, AI can improve financial risk management by helping hospitals predict and prevent non-payment cases, though its implementation requires clear legal guidelines to avoid unintended consequences for medical staff. In conclusion, hospitals must bear financial responsibility for unpaid patient bills to protect doctors' legal rights. Additionally, a comprehensive regulatory framework for AI is essential to ensure that the technology is implemented fairly, safeguarding both healthcare professionals and patient interests.
Perbandingan Uji Performa Impala dan Hive-Hadoop
Authors: Kusuma Dede , Indrati Aviarini
Published: November 2024

The amount of data that is growing rapidly today also requires fast storage. This is because the need for data is also very important, and to access the data also requires fast time. Therefore, it is necessary to know the tools that support the processing of large amounts of data and fast time. The presence of Impala and Hive-Hadoop helps in making decisions about which tools to use to store data and quickly get the data needed. In this analysis and comparison, we want to know how the performance of these two tools is, namely whether Impala and Hive-Hadoop can access structured data. This research was conducted using experimental methods and manipulating the experimental environment using computer virtualization. The analysis results obtained are, Impala is faster than Hive-Hadoop because it reduces latency and Impala is not based on the MapReduce algorithm.