bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Virgin Coconut Oil on Skin Integrity in The Elderly with Incontinence
Authors: Ritonga Sukhri Herianto , Daulay Nanda Masraini
Published: September 2020

Intorduction:Incontinence was a problem that often occurs in the elderly and this condition can worsen the elderly situation with the appearance of severe damage to the integrity of the skin,Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) contains medium chain saturated fat that easily enters deep skin layers and maintains skin elasticity and suppleness. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of virgin coconut oil on skin integrity in the elderly with incontinence.Methods: The design of  research was a quasi-experimental with non equivalent control group design. The population in this study were all elderly who experience incontinence. The sampling technique used was consecutive sampling with a total of 10 people in the experimental group and 10 people in the control group. To assess skin integrity before and after treatment is used was The Ghent Global IAD (GLOBIAD) tool. The using of virgin coconut oil is done every time after the stool incontinence episode and after bathing. Virgin coconut oil has been applied to the damaged skin and also to other vulnerable skin. Results: Based on the Wilcoxon test results obtained p value smaller than 0.05 which is 0.010 so that there was a significant difference in the value of skin integrity before and after the treatment. Conclusions:There was a significant effect on the use of virgin coconut oil on skin integrity in the elderly with incontinence.
Family Perception in Readiness Accepting Discharge Planning Determined by Nursing Advocacy Program
Authors: Judha Mohamad
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Planning for patients to go home raises the issue of whether the patient is ready to face health problems at home, the lack of a support system becomes a problem especially if the patient as the head of the family needs continuity of care both in the healing process and in maintaining the patient's health status both at home sick or at home. The purpose of this study was to determine how is the Role of Advocacy given by Nurses with Readiness in Receiving Discharge Planning by patients and families. Methods: The cross-sectional correlational study in this study views the patient's family support in readiness to receive the patient's home program on the ward. Sampling 97 respondents with a purposive sample technique. Results: Family perceptions about nurses in the positive category (73.2%). The level of family readiness in accepting return planning in the good category (53.6%), the results of the bivariate analysis using the Spearman rating relate to family perceptions about nurse advocacy with readiness in accepting return planning with a p value of 0.00 <alpha 0.01. Conclusion: Family perceptions about nurse advocacy with home preparation have a strong relationship, so family assistance in nursing care in re-care planning is needed. family perceptions of nurses are needed including nursing actions or other matters relating to care by the family also need to support patient health.
Family Burden of Schizophrenia in Pasung During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ilmy Shofi Khaqul , Noorhamdani Noorhamdani , Windarwati Heni Dwi
Published: September 2020

Introduction: The long-term care in schizophrenia patients can cause care burdens, which will relate to the family's decision to do pasung. The perceived burden will be even heavier because of the COVID-19 pandemic. This review aims to identify the family care burden affecting pasung in schizophrenic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This scoping review was conducted by searching four databases, namely ProQuest, Science Direct, and EBSCO, and Google Scholar in the past ten years. This study uses the PRISMA 2009 protocol in filtering articles from the database. Researchers summarize based on the significance value for quantitative research, based on themes’ qualitative research, and discussed factors mentioned which may influence the family. Thus, we obtained 15 articles for final review. Results: The results obtained that the subjective burden felt by the family is a feeling of worry and sadness due to the patient's aggressive behavior and the safety of the patient, family, and environment. The objective burdens most felt by families are financial burdens, both medical costs, transportation to reach mental health services, and the cost of daily living. The COVID-19 pandemic will affect both types of care burdens, thereby affecting the quality of care for families with schizophrenia patients in pasung. Conclusion: Schizophrenia patients are one of the populations that are vulnerable to COVID-19. Nurse plays a role in the ability to overcome the burden of schizophrenia care and improve adaptation to the current pandemic to create optimal mental health in the community.
Profesor Leszek Winowski (1910–1979), kanonista, historyk państwa i prawa. W 110. rocznicę urodzin i 40. rocznicę śmierci
Authors: Kaczorowski Włodzimierz
Published: September 2020

Prof. Leszek Józef Egidiusz Winowski urodził się 23 stycznia 1910 r. na Kresach Wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej w Skałacie w województwie tarnopolskim. Studiował na Wydziale Prawa Uniwersytetu Jana Kazimierza we Lwowie, gdzie uzyskał magisterium (1932), doktorat (1935), a w 1936 r. podjął pracę naukową w Katedrze Prawa Kościelnego; od 1942 r. prowadził działalność konspiracyjną we Lwowie, współpracował z Instytutem Bałtyckim w Sopocie; w Olsztynie zorganizował Ekspozyturę Instytutu Bałtyckiego na Okręg Mazurski. W 1945 r. Winowski podjął pracę na Wydziale Prawno-Administracyjnym Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, a w 1974 r. uzyskał tytuł profesora zwyczajnego. Jednocześnie pracował na Katolickim Uniwersytecie Lubelskim, gdzie w latach 1945–1946 pełnił funkcję dziekana Wydziału Prawa i Nauk Społecznych; po jego likwidacji pracował na Wydziale Prawa Kanonicznego, gdzie wykładał prawo rzymskie i prawo wyznaniowe. W 1957 r. Winowskizrezygnował z pracy na Katolickim Uniwersytecie Lubelskim. W latach 1957–1968 Winowski pracował w Wyższej Szkole Pedagogicznej w Opolu, równocześnie będąc zatrudniony na Uniwersytecie Wrocławskim.W dziedzinie badań naukowych prowadzonych przez prof. Leszka Winowskiego można wyodrębnić trzy główne kierunki. Były to badania nad położeniem prawnym innowierców od najdawniejszego średniowiecza; nad państwem i prawem islamu; wreszcie nad dziejami Kościoła na Śląsku. Prof. Leszek Winowski został odznaczony Krzyżem Kawalerskim Orderu Odrodzenia Polski, był członkiem wielu towarzystw naukowych. Zmarł 16 listopada 1979 r. we Wrocławiu.
The Fourth International Conference of the Balkan Association of Roman Law and Roman Legal Traditions „Res Publica & Res Privata”, Kragujevac, 7–9 listopada 2019 r.
Authors: Sadowski Piotr
Published: September 2020

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Incentivizing Survey Response: How Incentive Timing, Response Mode Choice, and Urbanicity Affect Survey Response
Authors: Andrew Tracy  , Amy Javernick-Will
Published: September 2020

Surveys and questionnaires are common tools used in construction and engineering project organization research, though there is a dearth of literature on how to best conduct surveys of issues related to these topics. In this paper, we analyzed how three factors—choice of response mode, incentive timing, and urbanicity—affect response rate, response speed, and degree of survey completion. The survey design used postal contact to solicit participation in a web survey of the general public in Oklahoma and Colorado regarding oil and gas development and hazards. We found that offering a choice of two response modes (web response or mailed paper response) had no significant effect on response rate, response speed, or the degree of survey completion compared to those only offered the web response option. We also found that the timing of a guaranteed incentive (i.e. receiving a monetary incentive in the initial contact versus in the first follow- up) did not significantly affect response rate or the degree of survey completion but did result in a faster response time. Urbanicity of a target community significantly affected all three measures: urban communities exhibited a higher response rate, quicker response speed, and a greater degree of survey completion as compared to rural households, regardless of mode choice or the timing of the incentive. Findings will help inform researchers who employ household surveys how survey design choices impact public response.
A Geophysical Survey with Magnetic Method for Interpretation of Iron Ore Deposits in the Eastern Nusawungu Coastal, Cilacap Regency, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sehah Muhammad , Raharjo Sukmaji Anom , Risyad Azmi
Published: September 2020

Geophysical survey with magnetic method to interpret the iron ore deposits in the Eastern Nusawungu Coastal, Cilacap Regency, Central Java, Indonesia was carried out during six month, i.e. March –August 2017, covering the area in the geographical position of 109.3462° – 109.3718° E and 7.6958° – 7.7098° S. This survey has produced total magnetic field strength data at each measuring point in the research area. The magnetic field strength data which have been obtained, then be processed, corrected, and mapped so that the local magnetic anomaly contour map can be obtained. The local magnetic anomaly contour map shows the distribution of magnetic anomalous sources in the subsurface of research area. The 2D-modeling of magnetic anomalies data has been carried out along the AB trajectory extending on the local magnetic anomaly contour map from the position of A(109.3463°E and 7.7023°S) to B (109.3688°E and 7.7053°S), so that some subsurface anomalous objects is obtained. The modelling results of magnetic anomalies data show that the research area is estimated to have the potential of iron ore deposits. The subsurface rocks deposits containing iron ore are estimated to be located below the AB trajectory with a length about of 164.85 meters, a depth ranging of 1.709 – 31.909 meters, and a magnetic susceptibility value of 0.0122 cgs unit. These rocks are interpreted as sand deposits which coexists with silt and clay containing iron ore grains from the alluvium formation. Further, iron ore is also estimated to be present in the rocks deposits below the AB trajectory which have a depth of 24.405 – 49.809 meters and 3.989 – 11.111 meters, with the magnetic susceptibility values of 0.0093 and 0.0073 cgs units.
Rock Physics Formula and RMS Stacking Velocity Calculation to Assist Acoustic Impedance Inversion that Constrain Well Data
Authors: Handoyo  , Erlangga Mochammad Puput , Young Paul
Published: September 2020

This research ilustrate the generation of acoustic impedance inversion in the absence of well log using stacking velocity input in Salawati Basin, Papua, Indonesia using data obtained from seismic lines and stacking velocity section. Initial acoustic impedance modelswere first before the inversion process and were created by spreading the value of well log data to the all seismic CDP. The calculated acoustic impedance logs from standard sonic and density logs were used to build the initial model of acoustic impedance.First, the stacking velocities was first interpolated on a grid that has the same size as the seismic data using by means of Polynomial algorithm. This was closely followed by the conversion of the stacking velocities to interval velocities using Dix’s equation. The matrix densities were estimated by simple rock physics approach i.e. Gardner’s equation as a velocity function. The initial model of acoustic impedance was calculated by multiplying the densities section and interval velocities section. The resulting initial model of acoustic impedance was inverted to obtain the best of acoustic impedance section based on reflectivity.
Model Penilaian Perangkat Lunak E-Government untuk Rekomendasi Pemeliharaan (Studi Kasus: BKPSDM Ketapang)
Authors: Atimi Rizqia Lestika , Pradasari Novi Indah
Published: September 2020

Agar perangkat lunak e-Government dapat digunakan dalam menunjang kinerja organisasi dalam waktu yang relatif lama maka perlu dilakukan pemeliharaan perangkat lunak. Namun, berdasarkan hasil observasi pada organisasi perangkat daerah di Kabupaten Ketapang diketahui bahwa belum ada sebuah model atau standar yang dapat memberikan rekomendasi pemeliharaan secara objektif dan akurat. Penelitian ini mengusulkan sebuah model penilaian perangkat lunak untuk rekomendasi pemeliharaan dengan mengintegrasikan nilai bisnis dan nilai teknis. Identifikasi aset perangkat lunak, penilaian perangkat lunak, dan rekomendasi pemeliharaan adalah tiga tahap yang diusulkan dalam model ini. Kuesioner dengan skala Likert dan task analysis digunakan untuk menilai perangkat lunak berdasarkan nilai bisnis dan nilai teknis. Hasil validasi model melalui implementasi studi kasus di BKPSDM Ketapang diketahui bahwa model berhasil memberikan rekomendasi pemeliharaan untuk aplikasi SIMPAD adalah ordinary maintenance dan BAPERJAKAT adalah freeze.
Selecting Machine-Learning Scoring Functions for Structure-Based Virtual Screening
Authors: Ballester Pedro
Published: September 2020

Interest in docking technologies has grown parallel to the ever increasing number and diversity of 3D models for macromolecular therapeutic targets. Structure-Based Virtual Screening (SBVS) aims at leveraging these experimental structures to discover the necessary starting points for the drug discovery process. It is now established that Machine Learning (ML) can strongly enhance the predictive accuracy of scoring functions for SBVS by exploiting large datasets from targets, molecules and their associations. However, with greater choice, the question of which ML-based scoring function is the most suitable for prospective use on a given target has gained importance. Here we analyse two approaches to select an existing scoring function for the target along with a third approach consisting in generating a scoring function tailored to the target. These analyses required discussing the limitations of popular SBVS benchmarks, the alternatives to benchmark scoring functions for SBVS and how to generate them or use them using freely-available software.
On-surface Synthesis of [7]triangulene Quantum Ring via Antidot Engineering
Authors: Su Jie , Fan Wei , Mutombo Pingo , Peng Xinnan , Song Shaotang , Telychko Mykola , Jelinek Pavel , Wu Jishan , Lu Jiong
Published: September 2020

The ability to engineer geometrically well-defined antidots in large triangulene homologues allows for creating an entire family of triangulene quantum ring (TQR) structures with tunable high-spin ground state and magnetic ordering, crucial for next-generation molecular spintronic devices. Herein, we report the synthesis of an open-shell [7]triangulene quantum ring ([7]TQR) molecule on Au(111) through the surface-assisted cyclodehydrogenation of a rationally-designed kekulene derivative. Bond-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy (BR-STM) unambiguously imaged the molecular backbone of a single [7]TQR with a triangular zigzag edge topology, which can be viewed as [7]triangulene decorated with a coronene-like antidot in the molecular centre. Additionally, dI/dV mapping reveals that both inner and outer zigzag edges contribute to the edge-localized and spin-polarized electronic states of [7]TQR. Both experimental results and spin-polarized density functional theory calculations indicate that [7]TQR retains its open-shell septuple ground-state (� = 3) on Au(111). This work demonstrates a new route for the design of high-spin graphene quantum rings as the key components for future quantum devices.
PhotoATRP Induced Self-Assembly (PhotoATR-PISA) Enables Simplified Synthesis of Responsive Polymer Nanoparticles in One-Pot
Authors: Shahrokhinia Ali , Scanga Randall , Biswas Priyanka , Reuther James
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT: Photo-controlled atom transfer radical polymerization (PhotoATRP) was implemented, for the first time, to accomplish polymerization induced self-assembly (PISA) mediated by UV light (λ = 365 nm) using ppm levels (ca. < 20 ppm) of copper catalyst at ambient temperature. Using CuIIBr2/tris(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine (TPMA) catalyst systems, PISA was per-formed all in one-pot starting from synthesis of solvophilic poly(oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate) (POEGMA) blocks to core-crosslinked nanoparticles (NPs) utilizing poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) and N,N-cystamine bismethacrylamide (CBMA) as the solvophobic copolymer and crosslinking agent, respectively. Sequential chain-extensions were performed for PGMA demonstrating capabilities for accessing multi-block copolymers with temporal control via switching the UV light on and off. Further, core-crosslinking of PISA nanoparticles was performed via the slow incorporation of the CBMA enabling one-pot crosslinking during the PISA process. Finally, the disulfide installed in the CBMA core-crosslinks allowed for the stimuli-triggered dissociation of nanoparticles using DL-dithiothreitol at acidic pH.
Studies into Exfoliation and Coating of Egyptian Blue for Application to the Detection of Latent Fingermarks
Authors: Shahbazi Sorour , Goodpaster John , Smith Gregory , Becker Thomas , Lewis Simon W.
Published: September 2020

We have recently demonstrated that exfoliated Egyptian blue powder coated with cetrimonium bromide is effective for detecting latent fingermarks on a range of highly-patterned non-porous surfaces (see reference). In this extension of that work, we here present our preliminary studies into alternative approaches to preparing exfoliated Egyptian blue with a variety of different coatings. The various powders were then applied to the detection of latent fingermarks on non-porous surfaces. This proof of concept study demonstrated that there is potential improvement in performance compared to our previous work, however more comprehensive studies are required to compare the quality of the fingermarks developed with these powders against particles exfoliated in water.
Preparation of Functionalized Superparamagnetic Fe3O4@Dopamine@Metal Ions (Cu+,Ru2+) Nanocomposites and its Catalytic Applications
Authors: Singh Renuka , Majhi Shukla , Sharma Keshav , Ali Mohd. , Tripathi Chandra Shekhar Pati , Guin Debanjan
Published: September 2020

In this work, we present a simple method for the synthesis of metal ions stabilized on dopamine modified iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4@DA@Mx+) and their catalytic applications in important organic transformation reactions. Two different metal ions (Cu+1 and Ru2+) are studied in this work. It is observed that both synthesized Fe3O4@DA@Cu+ and Fe3O4@DA@Ru2+ can effortlessly be separated from the reaction medium by positioning an external magnetic field. Dopamine, which is used as an anchor between Fe3O4 and metal ions, increases the solubility of catalyst in reaction medium and prevents leaching of metal ions from the catalyst surface. Here Fe3O4@DA@Cu+ is used in the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives via azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions and Fe3O4@DA@Ru2+ is used for transfer hydrogenation reaction of various aryl ketones. The Fe3O4@DA@Mx+ nanocomposite is characterized via powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM). The Fe3O4@DA@Mx+ catalytic systems can be reused in the reaction mixture up to five times without significant loss in their catalytic activity.
Using the mask – Do’s and Don’ts in the COVID-19 scenario
Authors: Sherly Deborah G  , Archana R  , Harini Narayanam
Published: September 2020

A face mask is a loose-fitting, disposable outfit that acts as a physical barrier between the mouth and nose of an individual and the potential pollutants in the surrounding environment. COVID-19 which is also called as 2019-nCov is caused by the novel coronavirus and it is spread by the salivary droplets or nasal discharge released when an infected person coughs or sneezes. In the current COVID -19 scenario, the face mask is designed to ameliorate the prevention of airborne transmission of the novel coronavirus. The use of face mask is competent only when the other personal preventive measures are ideally pursued. The effectiveness of the use of face mask depends strongly on the do’s and don’ts which has to followed while wearing a face mask. The purpose of this study is to analyze and summarize the published literature associated with the types, usage, risks, limitations, disposal and reusability of face mask. The availability of medication and treatment options are sparse and the development of vaccines for COVID-19 is going to take a longer time. Hence the most effective strategy to curb the spread of the disease is by the judicious use of face mask along with other personal protective measures.
Chemical Weathering and Organic Carbon Turnover in Soil
Authors: Raines Eron , Norton Kevin , Dosseto Anthony , Hua Quan , Lukens Claire , Deslippe Julie , Bellingham Maia
Published: September 2020

No description supplied
Ownership hybridization and FDI propensity: How firms from state-directed emerging economies can overcome institutional challenges in foreign direct investment.
Authors: Ogbuigwe Tega , Gao Hongzhi , Kahiya Eldrede
Published: September 2020

The emergence of hybrid ownership structures and their OFDI activities is a critical but under-investigated phenomenon. We proffer that ‘state-directed emerging economies’ (SDEEs) - a unique typology of emerging economies – are largely driving the emergence of hybrid ownership structures. The direct and continuous government involvement in SDEE markets and the perception this economic system creates across a variety of host countries, present the dual hurdle of liability of “origin” and liability of foreignness in the OFDI of SDEEs firms. Our study proposes ownership hybridization (i.e. mixing state and private ownership) in the home market, as a mechanism through which SDEE firms counteract these unique institutional challenges in foreign investments. We argue that through hybridization, SDEEs firms benefit from the unique resources brought into the mixture by the different ownership logics and synergistically strengthen their ability to overcome institutional challenges in foreign investments. Nevertheless, benefits of hybridization are likely to vary in magnitude in relation to the degree of hybridization, suggesting an optimal blend of state and private ownership in a hybrid firm. In addition, we propose that hybridization effects are also contingent on top executives and their political connection, that engender resource and legitimacy implications. Our approach differs from existing studies that view home and host country institutional challenges in isolation. Rather, we recognize the inter-related effect of these institutional challenges and propose ownership hybridization as a strategy that simultaneously counteracts both.
Findings from New Zealand’s Urban Dream Brokerage
Authors: Jerram Sophia
Published: September 2020

Between 2013–2018, the Urban Dream Brokerage ran as an urban revitalisation platform, commissioned by four distinct New Zealand municipalities. The model: during a period of economic recession and commercial vacancy, proposals from artists and non-profit communities were placed into urban retail sites, dependent on a broker’s negotiation. Following the closure of the Brokerage, a research colloquium was held with creative practitioners, or ‘project creators’ to understand the affective shifts that took place for their practice within the urban context. As a founder and former broker researching the practices of spatial urban occupation, I discerned four common narratives which spoke to the entwinement of people and space. These were: the presence of hostile conditions for the creation of community; the opportunity for experimentation within vacancy; the cloaking of political action through art, and the observation that the revival of ‘dead’ spaces created some longer-term value for the city —value that was not transferred to the project creators. This article offers an empirically based portrait of the Brokerage platform through assembled voices of the project creators.
"Sufficient to Have Stood, Though Free to Fall": Free Will in John Milton
Authors: Martineau David
Published: September 2020

In Book I of Paradise Lost, John Milton (1608-1674) asserts his intent to “justifie the wayes of God to men” (Paradise Lost1 I 26), paving the way for a revolutionary discussion of human nature, divinity, and the problem of evil, all couched in an epic retelling of Satan’s fall from grace, his temptation of Adam and Eve, and their expulsion from the Garden of Eden, as recounted in the Book of Genesis. In his treatment of the biblical account, Milton necessarily broaches a variety of subjects which were both relevant during his time and remain relevant in ours. Among these topics, and certainly one of the most compelling, is the matter of human free will.
Gamification: An Innovative Way to Enhance Health Behaviors for people Living with HIV/AIDs Via Mobile Health Appliacations
Authors: Sreypouv Chan
Published: September 2020

Mobile health applications are known as any wireless technology in medical care and have been considered as one of innovative ways to assist and engage patients in care. This project focused on mobile health applications that were designed specifically for HIV medication adherence and to serve People Living with HIV/AIDs (PLWHA) with their HIV care in Rhode Island (RI) Ryan White Part B program, a federal program that provide HIV care to PLWHA (HRSA,2019). RI-Ryan White program partnered with 360 Medlink, Inc. (a software development company) developed and delivered two advanced digital platforms called TAVIE-HIV (an application with no gamification) and TAVIE-RED (an application with gamification) to Ryan White’s clients in RI.
Üç Fazlı DGM Doğrultucunun Doğrudan Aktif-Reaktif Güç Kontrolü
Authors: ÖZBAY Harun , KARAFİL Akif
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışmada, üç fazlı darbe genişlik modülasyonlu (DGM) doğrultucu uygulaması için doğrudan güç kontrolünün (DGK) benzetim ve deneysel uygulaması sunulmuştur. DGM doğrultucu devrelerinin, diyotlu doğrultucu devrelerine göre en önemli avantajları DA geriliminin ve güç faktörünün ayarlanabilir olmasıdır. Böylece şebekeden çekilen akımların harmonik seviyesi uluslararası standartlar içinde tutulabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, PI denetleyici kullanılarak DGM doğrultucunun doğrudan güç kontrolünün yapılabilmesi için bir algoritma geliştirilmiştir. Bu sayede yük üzerindeki DA gerilimi hassas bir şekilde ayarlanarak yüke aktarılan aktif güç kalitesi arttırılmıştır. Ayrıca şebekenin gereksinim durumuna göre reaktif güç desteği de sağlanabilmiştir. Böylece hem benzetim hem de deneysel çalışma ile geliştirilen doğrudan güç aktarım algoritmasının başarısı sunulmuştur.
Endüstriyel Atık Bazlı Jeopolimer Betonda Atık Döküm Kumunun Doğal Agrega Yerine İkame Edilerek Kullanımı Üzerine Bir Kaynak Taraması
Authors: EREN Şevki
Published: September 2020

Kentleşme ve sanayileşmenin artması, nehir kumu ve çakıllar gibi doğal kaynakların aşırı kullanılmasına yol açmıştır. Çimento, CO2 emisyonu ile çevreyi olumsuz etkilemektedir. Düzenli depolama alanlarında atıkların depolanması ve bertaraf yöntemleri büyük ekonomik yükümlülükler meydana getirmekte ve çevresel kaygıların artmasına sebep olmaktadır. Bu nedenle katı atık yan ürünlerini ve malzemelerini yeniden konumlandırarak yönetmek çekici bir alternatif bertaraf biçimi haline gelmiştir. Bu araştırmada, endüstriyel bir atık türü olan atık döküm kumlarının (WFS) doğal ince agrega yerine ikame edilerek kullanımının jeopolimer betondaki (GPC) etkileri incelenmiştir. İncelemeler sonucunda, araştırma konusu olan WFS’nin doğal kum yerine ikame edilerek çeşitli endüstriyel atık bazlı GPC’de kullanımına yönelik literatürde sınırlı sayıda çalışma olduğu ve bu çalışmalarda daha çok mekanik özellikler üzerine yoğunlaşıldığı ve en çok basınç dayanımının incelendiği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, WFS ikameli GPC’lerin basınç dayanımlarının belirlenmesinde farklı WFS optimum ikame oranlarının belirlendiği görülmüştür. WFS ikamesinin çeşitli endüstriyel atıklarla üretilen GPC’nin yapım genel maliyetini, işlenebilirliğini, su emme ve kılcal geçirimliliğini düşürdüğü belirlenmiştir. WFS ilavesiyle üretilen GPC’nin geleneksel betona göre asit ve sülfat saldırısına karşı daha iyi direnç gösterdiği bildirilmiştir. Bu alanda literatürde henüz yeterince araştırılmamış konular üzerinde yapılacak disiplinler arası çalışmalarla farklı oranlarda WFS ikameli GPC’lerin fiziksel (donma-çözülme, termal iletkenlik, TGA vb.), kimyasal (FT-IR vb.), mekanik (darbe testi, sertlik vb.), durabilite ve mikro yapı incelemeleri, radyolojik vb. özelliklerin kapsamlı bir şekilde araştırılmasının birçok yönden literatüre katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Çalışmalar sonucunda elde edilecek bilgi, birikim ve deneyimlerden yararlanarak WFS ikameli ve endüstriyel atık bazlı GPC’nin kullanım alanlarının genişletilmesi, mukavemetinin arttırılması, maliyetin azaltılması, GPC üretimi için potansiyel sürdürülebilir bir kaynak sağlanması, atıkların değerlendirilerek bertarafın ve bertaraf maliyetinin azaltılması, doğal kaynakların korunması ve çimentonun CO2 salınımı nedeniyle çevre kirliliğine sebep olan olumsuz etkisinin en aza indirilmesi yönünde çok büyük bir kazanç elde edileceği düşünülmektedir.
A SURVEY ON AUTHENTICATION TECHNIQUES FOR WIRELESS MEDIUM
Authors: Pradeep  , Manjunath
Published: September 2020

The wireless communication technology gaining importance in extreme conditions in a very effective way due to its benefits. Compared to wired networks, wireless networks have many benefits in terms of flexibility, cost, and mobility. Wireless networks can be easily hacked by the outsiders if there is no proper security. Because of its increasing popularity, wireless networks need proper security measures in addition to the normal protections such as firewalls, virus detectors, etc. Providing the required additional security to the wireless networks is a challenging task. Security can be maintained by providing data authenticity, integrity confidentiality, and authorization. A survey on the security of wireless networks is put forward that discusses various techniques which help in protecting the network and a cryptic secure scheme has been proposed which helps to enhance the security standards in the wireless medium.
Efficiency Research of the Beverage Based on the Still Mineral Water and BAD “Eramin”
Authors: Tolmachev Vitaliy , Tikhonov Sergey , Tikhonova Natalya
Published: September 2020

The article presents analysis results of the actual consumption of drinking water and sport drinks by athletes before and after training and concerns the effectiveness study of the drink based on non-carbonated mineral drinking water “ARDVI” and dietary supplement “Eramin”. Analysis of liquid consumption by sportspeople before and after training shows that all athletes participating in the experiment (100,0 %) consume bottled drinking water for dehydration. The maximum consumption of bottled water is 1 500 ml, the minimum – 150 ml; the amount of tea drunk by judoists equal 500 ml with an average amount of 324 ml; carbonated drinks (“Coca-Cola”, “Sprite”, etc.) athletes do not use. The authors suggested judo athletes to replace 500 ml of bottled water with 500 ml of a drink based on the mineral water “ARDVI” and the biologically active supplement “Eramin”. According to the results of preclinical research conducted on rats, the introduction of this drink to animals through a probe contributes to the muscle and epithelial tissues regeneration. When studying the testosterone and cortisol amount in the blood of athletes, authors found that on the 90th day of taking a drink based on mineral water “ARDVI” these indicators were 84.2 ± 0.6 and 35.1 ± 0.8 nmol/l, respectively; and in the first group – 71.3± 0.5 and 26.4± 0.4 nmol/l, which is 18.1 and 33.0 % higher than in the control group. An increase in the number of studied hormones in the blood of athletes can indicate an increase in physical performance and a decrease in fatigue. Researchers noted a high value of the creatine phosphokinase enzyme (137 units/l) in the blood serum of athletes in the control group, which indicates training intensity and the possibility of muscle tissue injury. In the blood of athletes of the experimental group, the amount of this enzyme is 85 units/l, which is lower than the control by 62.0 %. There was a significant decrease in the activity of AST and ALT enzymes by 15.8 and 22.0 % while consuming studied drink by athletes. At the same time, the muscle injury index corresponded to the norm. Athletes who took the sports drink under study had the optimal value of the de Ritis coefficient (1.33). Authors concluded that the athletes use of drink based on mineral water “ARDVI” and dietary supplement “Eramin” allows sportsmen to maintain performance, reduce fatigue and prevent muscle tissue damage, including the myocardium.
The frequency of symptoms of computer vision syndrome among medical college students in Islamabad.
Authors: Humayun Shumaila
Published: September 2020

Objectives: Indiscriminate use of computers has increased during the present fast-paced age, and this technology misuse has negatively affected many users. This study aimed to determine the presence of the symptoms of computer vision syndrome and to assess the pattern of computer usage in medical college students. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-sectional study. Settings: Foundation University Medical College, Islamabad, among the MBBS students. Period: From March till August 2018. Material & Methods: A total of 240 conveniently selected medical students took part in this cross-sectional study and filled a pretested self-administered questionnaire, during a six month duration. Ethical consideration was taken, and unwilling students or those with ocular, muscular and general diseases were excluded. Results: A majority of participants 181(75.4%) were females, rest 24.58% were males. The mean age was 21 yrs with SD of 1.6 yrs. A dominant number,170 (70.8%) experienced  sore/strained eyes followed by watering of eyes,128 ( 53.3%),and blurred distant vision,121 (50.4%), pain 42.9%,redness 40.8%, dryness 33.8%, blurred near vision 29.2%, burning eyes sensation 42.9%,twitching of eyelids 35%,double vision 24.2%. Headache was experienced by178 ( 74.2%) participants, followed by backache in 137( 57.1%) students, due to overuse of computer(significant at a p value of 0.01).About 62.5% were not using antiglare screens, or frequent blinking method (56.7%) as a means of  protection. Conclusion: A majority of the study population had been using computers for less than 5 yrs, giving adequate breaks during the day, yet they were experiencing symptoms of CVS like sore/strained eyes and headache as a consequence of regular computer usage.   Most of them were not taking protective measures during computer work.
Frequency of spontaneous closure of post-operative enterocutaneous fistula.
Authors: Akhtar Naveed , Shahzad Muhammad Aamir , Ul Hassan Syed Shams , Rasheed Uzma , Ullah Shafiq , Sabir Muhammad
Published: September 2020

Objectives: To determine the frequency of spontaneous closure of post-operative enterocutaneous fistula at a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Descriptive Case Series. Setting: Department of General Surgery Unit-I, Nishtar Medical University/ Hospital, Multan. Period: Nine months 1/4/2018 to 31/12/2018. Material & Methods: Non-probability consecutive sampling. Results: From 80 patients, 34 (42.5%) were male and 46 (57.5%) were female. Mean age of our patients was 40.31 ± 10.58 years. Most of our patients i.e. 55 (68.8%) belonged to poor families. Mean body mass index of our patients was 24.67 ± 3.39 kg/m2 and obesity was present in only 14 (17.5%) patients. Initial surgery was elective in 53 (66.2%) and emergency surgery in 27 (33.8%) patients. Site of origin of ECFs was gastric in 17 (21.3%), duodenum in 22 (27.5%), Jejunum in 14 (17.4%), Ilium was involved in 17(21.3%) and colorectal in 10(12.5%). Mean disease duration was 3.21 ± 2.09 weeks and mean duration of surgery was noted to be 4.71 ± 2.13 hours and 73.8% underwent surgical procedure for up to 5 hours. Mean hospital stay was noted to be 13.58 ± 7.41 days while 73.8% stayed in hospital for more than 7 days. Spontaneous closure of post-operative enterocutaneous fistula was noted in 25 (31.3%) of our patients. Conclusion: Spontaneous closure of post-operative enterocutaneous fistula without any surgical intervention is quite common.
Lag screw cutout in intertrochanteric fractures fixed with DHS.
Authors: Ali Muhammad Nasir , Chishti Muhammad Khalid , Siddiq Kashif , Hameed Muhammad Hamayun , Waheed Muhammad Tayyab , Mehmood Asad Ullah
Published: September 2020

Objectives: To determine the failure of DHS (dynamic hip screw) in terms of lag screw cutout. Study Design: Hospital Based Cross Sectional study. Setting: BVH and Civil Hospital Bahawalpur. Period: From 2013 to 2018. Material & Methods: 273 patients of both genders with age more than 50 years having stable intertrochanteric fractures were included in this study. With the help of C arm, the best possible anatomical reduction and rigid internal fixation was done with 135 degree DHS. Lag screw position and TAD determined on first postoperative day on radiographs (Anteroposterior & Lateral). Failure of fixation was determined on the radiographs during follow up. Lag screw cut-out was the projection of the screw from the femoral head by more than 1mm. Results: The mean age of the patients was 68.6 years (50-88). There were 132 (51.1 %) males and 126 (48.8%) females. Overall lag screw cutout rate was 11.2%. 21(30.8%) had screw cutout while 47 (69.1%) healed successfully among 68 patients with TAD ≥ 25mm. On the other hand 8(4.2%) had screw cutout while 182 (95.7%) healed successfully among 190 patients with TAD < 25mm. Middle middle and inferior middle position had highest success rate (˃ 92%) while inferior posterior position had highest cutout rate (36.2%). Among different age categories high failure rate (17.8%) seen in patients more than 70 years. Conclusion: The incidence of lag screw cutout is 11.2 % and risk of cutout can be minimized by placing lag screw in middle middle or inferior middle position and keeping the TAD < 25mm. More attention during follow up should be paid to patients with age ˃ 70 years.
Iron deficiency anemia among children with febrile seizures.
Authors: Surani Muhammad Khalil , Yousuf Muhammad , Saleem Khalid , Khan Sabiha , Ahmad Munir , Altaf Muhammad Shahzaib
Published: September 2020

Objectives: This study was aimed to find out the frequency of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) among children with febrile seizures (FS). Study Design: Descriptive, Cross-Sectional study. Setting: Department of Pediatric Medicine, The Children’s Hospital and The Institute of Child Health Multan. Period: from 31st July to 31st December 2017. Material & Methods: A total of 57children, age 6 months to 6 years of either gender presenting with FS were enrolled in the study. Demographic data included age, gender, residential area, maternal literacy and socio-economic status. Work-up for iron deficiency anemia included hemoglobin (Hb) level with serum ferritin levels. Mean and standard deviation were reported for age, disease duration, Hband ferritin levels whereas frequency and percentages are reported for categorical data. Results: A total of 57 children that included 66.7 % females (n=38) were enrolled. Mean Hb (g/dl) and ferritin (µg/L) level was 8.87±6.01 and 9.12±7.36 respectively. IDA was observed in 28.1% (n=16) of the patients. IDA was significantly higher in children 6 months to 3 years age (p-value 0.038), from rural origin (p-vale 0.005), with low income status (p-value 0.025) and children of illiterate mothers (p-value 0.004). Conclusion: IDA is not uncommon in children with FS. Children younger than 3 years, from rural origin, with low income status, and having illiterate mothers were more prone to IDA.
A survey of awareness, Training and compliance regarding universal precautions among house officers in a peripheral teaching hospital in HIV endemic area.
Authors: Shah Saleeem Raza , Aziz Sajid , Cheema Ovais Ahmed , Dar Salman Farooq , Ateeq Muhammad
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study is to access the level of knowledge, training and compliance of these house officers to universal precautions to HIV transmission. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Teaching Hospital Gujrat. Period: July-September 2019. Material & Methods: Self reported questionnaires were provided to 80 house officers and results were analyzed in SPSS 20. Results: knowledge attitude and compliance of house officers towards universal precautions was not up to date. This could be due to the fact that 78.79% of our participants have not received any form of training regarding universal precautions. Conclusion: It is urgently needed that training sessions for newly recruited doctors are arranged on regular basis to prepare them protect themselves against communicable diseases. Also strategies should be devised to implement strict compliance to universal precautions.
Interest in research among the undergraduate students of medical and dental colleges of Pakistan.
Authors: Liaquat Ahmad , Tayyab Tahmasub Faraz , Saeed Tooba , Azeem Muhammad , Naheed Ansa , Riaz Nabeela , Tayyab Abdul Samad
Published: September 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to find the interest in research among the undergraduate students of medical and dental colleges of Pakistan. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Amongst the students of four medical institutes. Period: April to May 2018. Material & Methods: Sample size was 500 of undergraduate MBBS and BDS students from 1st year to final year. Participants were given a questionnaire and responses were analyzed with SPSS software version 21. Results: The mean age of participants was 23.24 +/- 1.85 years. Female students were more (63%) as compared to male students (37%). Seventy percent (70%) students were interested in different research work and more than 85% students were interested to continue their future career in academics. Participants were more interested in practical training as compared to research and theory. Most of the students were interested to carry out research in clinical field as compared to non-clinical field. The knowledge of research methodology was more in senior students. Student’s knowledge about “impact factor of journal” was low. Conclusion: In this research it has been found that a good number of participants were interested in research activities so measures should be taken to facilitate and motivate them by giving some sort of award to the researchers to increase the publications from Pakistan. Easy access to internet facilities must be provided to promote research activities. Efforts should be made to find out reasons why some students consider research less important. It is also need of the day to develop culture of research by senior faculty members of academic institutes.
FORMULASI DAN KARAKTERISASI NANOSUSPENSI MORIN DENGAN METODE SONOPRESIPITASI
Authors: Dzakwan Muhammad
Published: September 2020

Pendahuluan : Morin (3,5,7, 2,4’- pentahidroksiflavone) adalah senyawa flavonoid golongan flavonol yang poten sebagai antioksidan, antikanker, antiinflamasi dan sebagai antidiabetes. Morin bersifat lipofil, tidak larut dalam air sehingga ketersediaan hayati dan aplikasi klinis menjadi terbatas. Nanosuspensi adalah sistem dispersi koloidal, 100% mengandung bahan obat dengan ukuran 10-1000 nm, tidak mengandung bahan pembawa apapun kecuali sebagai bahan penstabil. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan membuat nanosuspensi morin yang stabil dengan metode sonopresipitasi. Karakterisasi nanosuspensi meliputi ukuran partikel, indeks polidispersitas, zeta potensial, morfologi nanosuspensi dan aktivitas antioksidan. Metode : Nanosuspensi morin dibuat dengan metode sonopresipitasi dengan frekuensi 50 kHz selama 8 menit dengan variasi bahan penstabil jenis surfaktan, polimer dan kombinasi keduanya. Karakterisasi nanosuspensi meliputi ukuran partikel, indeks polidispersitas, zeta potensial, morfologi partikel (TEM), stabilitas fisik dan aktivitas antioksidan. Kesimpulan : Morin berhasil dikembangkan menjadi nanosuspensi dengan metode sonopresipitasi. Formula 7 dengan stabilizer SLS-Pluronic F68 (0,5:1) merupakan  formula terpilih dengan ukuran partikel terkecil sebesar 182,7 nm, ukuran partikel seragam (PI : 0,210), stabil setelah penyimpanan 8 minggu dengan nilai zeta potensial -37,8 mV. Aktivitas antioksidan nanosuspensi morin meningkat sebesar 2-3 kali
The health fair model for surveillance of non-communicable disease: a pilot study in St. Kitts
Authors: Kungurova Yulia , Satyadev Nihal , De Leon Flores Nicole , Ndrio Mariana , Lad Aumkar , Desai Vidhi , Sholl Kristen , Le Ngoc , Benson Elizabeth , Goodwin Raven , Flint Jesica , Kuhnkuhn Surpreet , Beachman Agnes , Alonso Kenneth
Published: September 2020

Background

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. An important first step to create programs of meaningful intervention and prevention is the surveillance of disease burden in the population to assess specific needs and to aid in resource allocation.

Methods

We employed the World Health Organization (WHO) STEPwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS) guidelines to investigate behavioral risks. Anthropometric data were collected. Biochemical analytes measured included glucose, cholesterol, and hemoglobin. Airway resistance and macular degeneration were also determined. Multivariate analysis followed by stepwise regression were performed both including and excluding cases with incomplete reporting.

Results

Of the 155 individuals (0.44% of the population) included in the pilot study, 30.7% of men and 28.2% of women were hypertensive, 33.3% of men and 31.9% of women were obese, 46.7% of men and 61.5% of women had elevated cholesterol. 3.6% of men and 3.7% of women were diabetic, 23.1% of men and 40.6% of women were anemic, 34.7% of 49 evaluable participants had increased airway resistance; and three participants with suspected macular degeneration. Of all participants, 37.5% had elevated cholesterol and were not aware of it, 13.6% had hypertension and were not aware of it. Impaired glucose tolerance was found in 8.6% of patients. There was no correlation between hypertension, obesity, elevated glucose levels, elevated cholesterol levels in the participants studied (P>0.05).

Conclusions

The health fair model appears to be an effective method of surveillance and data collection of NCDs.
Efektivitas Penggunaan Video Pembelajaran dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Mempraktikkan Shalat bagi Peserta Didik MI al-Wathaniyah Kota Gorontalo
Authors: Datau Devikasari A.H , Arif Muhammad
Published: September 2020

Artikel ini membahas tentang penggunaan video pembelajaran di MI al-Wathaniyah Kota Gorontalo. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mempraktikkan shalat bagi peserta didik di MI al-Wathaniyah Kota Gorontalo melalui penggunaan video pembelajaran. Penelitian deskriptif (descriptive research) yaitu jenis penelitian yang memberikan gambaran atau uraian atas sesuatu keadaan sejelas mungkin tanpa ada perlakuan terhadap objek yang diteliti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan mengguanakan video pembelajaran sangat efektif dapat meningkatkan kemampuan peserta didik dalam mempraktikkan shalat, video pembelajaran mempermudah guru dalam mengajar juga sangat mempermudah peserta didik dalam menelaah serta membuat peserta lebih cepat memahami gerakan-gerakan serta bacaan´dalam shalat. Penggunaan video pembelajaran khususnya dalam menerapkan materi khususnya pada kemampuan mempratikkan dapat dilihat dapat meningkatkan kemampuan peserta didik dalam mempraktikan shalat dengan adanya suara serta gambar yang dapat mereka lihat secara langsung sehingga merangsang perhatian serta dapat mengasah kemampuan peserta didik dalam mempraktikkan shalat.