bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TEYMUR ATEŞLİ’NİN MÜHACERET ŞİİRLERİ
Authors: PASHAYEVA Dr. Aynura
Published: July 2021

Azerbaycan muhaceret edebiyatının önemli isimlerinden olan Teymur Ateşli’nin şiirleri hem içerik hem de sanat açısından oldukça zengindir. Eserlerinde Azerbaycan Halk Edebiyatı ve Klasik Edebiyatı’nın etkisi büyüktür. Ateşli’nin şiirlerinin incelenmesi Azerbaycan Edebiyatı’nın araştırılması açısından büyük önem arz etmektedir. Şiirlerini kronolojik olarak iki grupta incelemek yerinde olacaktır: 1949’a kadarki dönem ve 1949 sonrası Türkiye dönemi. Ateşli’nin şiirlerindeki kahramanlık mücadelesi, vatan sevgisi duygusunu aşılamaya büyük ihtiyaç duyulan herhangi bir toplumdaki modern genç nesil için önemli örnektir. Şair “Qafkaz”, “Bir Parça”, “İstiklal”, “Ustadıma” şiirlerinde vatan özlemini, Sovyet toplumuna karşı öfke ve nefretini, isyanını yansıtmakta; bağımsız bir Azerbaycan ummaktadır. “Vazifeni Yap Arkadaş!”, “Taşlamalar” şiirlerindeyse şairin yaşadığı toplumda haksızlığa karşı yapılan protestoya tanık olunmaktadır. Ateşli’nin adalet, azim ve vatanseverlik mücadelesi Türk dünyasının gençliğine örnek olarak her zaman hafızalarda yaşayacaktır. Araştırmada ilk defa konu hakkında daha çok Teymur Ateşli’nin kitap, dergi ve gazetelerdeki şiirlerinden, orijinal kaynaklardan ve akademik çalışmalardan yararlanılmış; karşılaştırmalı analiz ve tarihî tahlil yöntemi kullanılmıştır.
GAGAUZ VE TÜRK TİYATROSU’NUN BİR KARŞILAŞTIRMALI EDEBİYAT ÖRNEĞİ OLARAK NİKOLAY BABOGLU’NUN “MUMNAR SAALIK İÇİN” İLE HALDUN TANER’İN “GÖZLERİMİ KAPARIM VAZİFEMİ YAPARIM” ADLI ESERLERİ
Authors: ERTUŞ Ayşe
Published: July 2021

Nikolay Baboglu, Gagauz Edebiyatı’nın önemli isimlerinden biridir. Gagauz kültür ögelerini her fırsatta eserlerine yansıtmayı ihmal etmeyen Baboglu’nun tek tiyatro eseri “Mumnar Saalık İçin”dir (Mumlar Sağlık İçin). “Mumnar Saalık İçin” adlı eser ile Türk Edebiyatı’nın önemli tiyatro ve öykü yazarı Haldun Taner’in “Gözlerimi Kaparım Vazifemi Yaparım” adlı eseri, benzer şekilde işledikleri toplumsal eleştiriyle dikkat çekmektedirler. Toplumcu bakış açısıyla ele alınan her iki oyun izlekler, kişiler, zaman ve dekor / mekân ögeleri açısından ele alınarak incelemeye tabi tutulmuştur. Bu iki oyunda yanlış işleyen bürokrasi, savaş ve ahlaki değerlere bakış izlekleri öne çıkmaktadır. Oyunlarda zaman ve dekor / mekân tamamlayıcı unsur olmaktan öteye geçerek işlevsel olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada Nikolay Baboglu’nun “Mumnar Saalık İçin” ve Haldun Taner’in “Gözlerimi Kaparım Vazifemi Yaparım” adlı eserleri karşılaştırmalı edebiyat bağlamında incelenmiştir.
İLHAN’IN MEŞRUİYETİ: ABAKA HAN’IN TAHTA ÇIKIŞI VE KUBİLAY KAĞAN TARAFINDAN TASDİKİ MESELESİ
Authors: KARAASLAN Yusuf Ziya
Published: July 2021

Moğol İmparatorluğu’nun batı topraklarını yönetmek ve Cengizli hâkimiyetini daha ileri mevkilere taşımak üzere Yakındoğu’ya gönderilen Hülegü tarafından kurulan İlhanlı Devleti, takriben yarım asır müddetle Moğol kağanlık merkezine tâbi şekilde hüküm sürmüştür. Doğrudan kağana bağlı olan ilk İlhanlı hükümdarları, Moğol idare geleneğinin gerektirdiği şekilde, ilhanlıklarının kağan tarafından tasdik ve tevcih edilmesine büyük önem vermişler, hatta bu kaideyi meşruiyet alâmeti telakki etmişlerdir. Hülegü’nün ölümünün ardından tahta çıkan Abaka’nın ilhanlığı, dönemin Moğol İmparatoru Kubilay Kağan tarafından, cülusundan yaklaşık beş yıl sonra tasdik edilmiştir. Yakındoğu coğrafyasında Moğollar açısından mühim siyasi gelişmelerin meydana geldiği bir sırada yaşanan bu gecikmenin tesadüfi olmadığı aşikâr olmakla birlikte, bu meselenin sebepleri hususunda tatmin edici izahlar yapılmış değildir. Bu çalışmada İran merkezli Moğol şube devletinin kuruluşu ve ilhanlık müessesesi kısaca ele alınmış, Abaka Han’ın tahta çıkışı ile Kubilay Kağan tarafından tasdiki arasında gelişen süreç incelenmiş, bu kapsamda söz konusu tevcihin gecikmesinde etkili olan faktörler tahlil edilmiştir.
RAGIP KEMAL CANTÜRK’ÜN GEZİ YAZILARINDA BURSA
Authors: KAYIŞ Yasin
Published: July 2021

Ragıp Kemal Cantürk 1930’ların ilk yarısında Anadolu ve Trakya’yı dolaşarak gezi yazıları kaleme almış bir muhabirdir. Gezilerini Milliyet, Akşam ve Vakit (Kurun) gazeteleri adına yapmış, özellikle Marmara Denizi çevresindeki kentleri daha sık ziyaret etmiştir. Cantürk’ün sıkça uğradığı yerlerden biri de Bursa vilâyetidir. Söz konusu gezilerinde Cantürk vilâyet merkezinin yanı sıra Mudanya, Gemlik, İnegöl, Orhaneli, Karacabey, Mustafakemalpaşa ve Orhangazi kazalarını da ziyaret etmiştir. Ancak bu çalışma muhabirin sadece vilâyet merkezine dair gezi yazılarına odaklanmıştır. Cantürk, Bursa vilâyet merkezine dair yazılarında kentin belediye, eğitim, ulaşım gibi kamu hizmetlerini değerlendirmiş, ekonomik etkinliklerine dair bilgiler vermiştir. Bursa’nın tarım ürünlerinin bolluğunu, kalitesini ve ucuzluğunu sürekli vurgulayan Cantürk, ayrıca turizm, merinos koyun yetiştiriciliği, ipekli dokuma gibi farklı sektörlere dair de detaylı bilgiler paylaşmıştır.
SESSİZLİK ARAYIŞI: BİR WITTGENSTEIN OKUMASI
Authors: YILMAZ Adem
Published: July 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı Ludwig Wittgenstein’ın bakış açısından güncel entelektüel ortamın manzarasını çizmektir. Günümüz entelektüel iklimi sözcüklerin büyüsüne kapılmışlığın ve düşünme ediminin yerini alan düşünme taklidinin hükmü altındadır. Bu durumun en önemli göstergelerinden biri entelektüel düzlemde karşılığını bulan “anlaşılmazlık duvarları”dır ki bunun karşılığı entelektüel çabanın Spinozist anlamda bir kibre kapılmasıdır. Çalışma, entelektüel çabanın içine düştüğü bu “gürültü” ikliminin karşısına Wittgenstein ile kurduğu diyaloğun çerçevesinde sessizliği ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Sessizlik, entelektüel çabanın içine düştüğü gürültü ikliminin edilginliğinin sona erdiği ânın eşiğidir ve etkin bir biçimde içinde bulunulan zamanı anlama çabasının başlangıcıdır. Düşünce, bu koşulla, ezberlenmiş cümlelerin büyüleyici tekrarından kurtulacak ve öğretisel olmanın kolaycılığından, bedel gerektiren bir etkinliğe dönüşecektir.
DÖNÜŞTÜRÜCÜ BİR GÖSTERGE: ÇIKRIKLAR DURUNCA’DA HZ. ALİ İMGESİ ÜZERİNE PSİKANALİTİK BİR İNCELEME
Authors: ÇETİN Seda
Published: July 2021

Sadri Etem’in Çıkrıklar Durunca’sı, rüyaların merkeze alındığı bir romandır. Bir Alevi köyünde görülen bu rüyaların tamamında Hz. Ali vardır. Hz. Ali rüyalarda yalnız imgesiyle yer almaz, öncelikle rüyayı gören Dudu’ya sonra da tüm köylülere vahiy şeklinde talimatlar da verir. Bu sayede devlet güçleri tarafından uzun süredir ezilen köylüler güçlenir ve Hz. Ali göstereni etrafında birleşirler. Ancak köylüler kişisel çıkarlarını öncelemeye başladıkları anda bu etki ortadan kalkar ve köylüler için çok geçmeden büyük bir felaket yaşanır. Bu çalışma Adaköy halkının yaşadığı psikolojik değişim ve dönüşümün hangi boyutlarda gerçekleştiğine odaklanmış, bu dönüşümün kavranabilmesi için psikanalitik kuramın gösterge, gösteren ve arketip kavramlarından destek alınmıştır.
ORTAÇAĞ YAKINDOĞUSU’NDA DERVİŞ TOPLULUKLARI
Authors: ŞEN Muhammed Seyyit
Published: July 2021

Özellikle Türk akademi camiasında Kalenderî, Haydarî Vefaî-Babaî gibi derviş gruplarının varlığı Şamanizm’in Anadolu’daki Müslüman kültürü üzerindeki etkisinin devamı olarak görüldüğünden, bu tür gruplar genellikle “heterodoks İslam” olarak tanımlanmakta ve Türk-İslam anlayışı çerçevesinde değerlendirilmektedir. Fakat bu yaklaşım tarzı derviş kültürüyle Ortadoğu’daki Sûfî geleneği arasındaki derin bir ilişki yapısını göz ardı etmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu makalede Ortadoğu’daki Sûfî tecrübesinin derviş kültürünün oluşmasındaki önemli rolüne temas ettik. Yanı sıra derviş gruplarının Ortadoğu bölgesinde hangi siyasi ve tarihsel bağlamda ortaya çıktıklarını ve bu bölgede nasıl yayıldıklarını inceledik. Ayrıca Ortaçağ’da yazılan dinî kaynaklarda derviş topluluklarının Sünni ulema tarafından nasıl tanımlandıklarını değerlendirdik. Sonuç olarak Ortadoğu bölgesindeki derviş gruplarını çalışmanın önemini ortaya koymaya çalıştık.
İŞARET DİLİ EĞİTİMİ ALMIŞ VE ALMAMIŞ ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN ENGELLİ BİREYLERE YÖNELİK TUTUMLARININ VE UYUM DÜZEYLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: MALAK Bahanur
Published: July 2021

Çalışmada işaret dili eğitimi almış ve almamış üniversite lisans öğrencilerinin engelli bireylere yönelik tutumlarını ve uyum düzeylerini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kesitsel tanımlayıcı araştırmadır. Çalışmaya katılmaya gönüllü olan, aydınlatılmış onam formunu dolduran 115 öğrenci örneklemi oluşturmuştur. Öğrencilerden 57’si işaret dili eğitimi almış ve 58’i işaret dili eğitimi almamıştır. Katılımcılara 25 Aralık 2016- 01 Mart 2017 tarihleri arasında Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu, Özürlülere Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği (ÖYTÖ) ve Hacettepe Kişilik Envanteri (HKE) uygulanmıştır. Eğitim almış ve almamış öğrencilerin HKE toplam puanları arasında bir fark yoktur. Eğitim almış öğrencilerin ÖYTÖ toplam puanları ve ÖYTÖ alt faktör eğitim ortamı, kişilerarası ilişkiler, kişisel özellikler, çalışma yaşamı, yetkinlik-bağımsız yaşam puanları ve HKE alt ölçek sosyal uyum, kendini gerçekleştirme, sosyal ilişkiler, sosyal normlar puanları eğitim almamış öğrencilerden yüksektir (p<.05). Öğrencilerin ÖYTÖ ve HKE toplam puanları arasında bir ilişki yoktur. İşaret dili eğitimi almak engelli bireyleri tanımayı ve onlara karşı olumlu tutumlar geliştirmeyi sağlamıştır. Bu ruh sağlığında toplumsal farkındalık yaratmada önemli bir strateji oluşturabilir.
İBN KALENDER’İN MANZUM SÖZLÜĞÜ: TÜRKÎ VÜ TÂZÎ
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Zehra , JARADAT Saleh
Published: July 2021

Manzum lügatlerin Klasik Türk edebiyatındaki ilk örnekleri XV. yüzyılda görülür. Aruz vezniyle yazılan bu sözlüklerin amacı, dil öğretimini kolaylaştırmak ve kalıcı hâle getirmektir. Klasik Türk edebiyatında, bu amaçla yazılan sözlüklerin çoğu Arapça-Türkçe ve Farsça-Türkçe iki dilli sözlüklerdir. Bunların yanında az sayıda; Ermenice-Türkçe, Fransızca-Türkçe, Boşnakça-Türkçe sözlükler de vardır. Arapça-Farsça-Türkçe için üç dilli sözlükler de kaleme alınmıştır. Bu sözlükler; çocuklara dil bilgisi kurallarını, kaynak dildeki kelimelerin anlamlarını, sayıları ve vezinleri öğretmeyi hedefler. İbn Kalender tarafından kaleme alınan Türkî vü Tâzî Arapça-Türkçe bir manzum lügattir. Türkî vü Tâzî’nin yazılış tarihi hakkında bilgi yoktur. Müellifiyle ilgili bilgiler sınırlıdır. Eserin tespit edilen iki nüshasından birinde tarih yoktur. Diğer nüsha 1063/1652-53 tarihini taşır. İki nüshadan hareketle oluşturulan tenkitli metne göre Türkî vü Tâzî mensur bir mukaddime, 19 kıta ve 235 beyitten oluşur. Bu çalışmada; eserin müellifi, biçimi ve içeriği hakkında bilgi verildikten sonra eserin tenkitli metni verilmiştir.
BÜYÜK BUHRAN VE AMERİKA’DA SOSYAL POLİTİKA
Authors: TERZİOĞLU Onur , ÇAĞLA Cengiz
Published: July 2021

Tarih boyunca ekonomiler krizlerle karşılaşmışlardır. Bu krizlerin kimileri yerel olup coğrafi açıdan sınırlı etki göstermiş olsalar da kimi krizlerin etkileri küresel ölçektedir. Ekim 1929’da Wall Street Borsası’nın çöküşüyle başlayan Büyük Buhran; sadece Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’ni etkilemekle kalmamış, dünya ölçeğinde bir ekonomik krizin tetikleyicisi olmuştur. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde çok sayıda şirket iflas etmiş, işsizlik ve evsizlik artmış ve toplumsal huzursuzluklar baş göstermiştir. Kriz başladıktan sonra iktidara gelen Franklin D. Roosevelt, yeni ekonomik tedbirler alınacağını söylemiştir. Bu ekonomik tedbirlere sosyal politika uygulamaları da dâhildir. Ekonomik krizden çıkış programına “Yeni Uzlaşma” adı verilmiştir. Bu program ile geniş ölçekli sosyal politika uygulamaları hayata geçirilmiş, genişleyici ekonomi politikaları ile de üretimdeki düşüş giderilmeye ve istihdam yaratmaya çalışılmıştır. Roosevelt öncesi dönemde kapsamı bakımından Batılı ülkelerden farklılaşan Amerikan sosyal politikasının, Roosevelt döneminde belirli ölçülerde Batılı ülkelerdeki uygulamalara yaklaştığı söylenebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, bu değişim ve Büyük Buhran’ın Amerikan sosyal politikası üzerindeki etkisi ele alınacaktır.
YENİ HAYAT EDEBİYATI VE DİN
Authors: BODUR Neslihan
Published: July 2021

19. yüzyıla gelindiğinde Osmanlı Devleti, Batı’da 16. yüzyıldan itibaren yaşanan değişimi takip edememiş, bu durum geri kalmasına neden olmuştur. Geri kalışını telafi etmek için Batı’daki gelişmeler araştırılarak ancak derinliği anlaşılmadan taklit ile ülkede ıslahatlar yapılmaya başlamış, sırasıyla Tanzimat Fermanı, Islahat Fermanı, Kânûn-ı Esâsî (Meşrutiyet) ilan edilerek yenilikler resmîleştirilmiştir. Fakat hâlihazırda çelişkiler içindeki Arap ve Fars tesiri altında olan sosyal hayata bir de Batı kültürü etkisi eklenince modernleşmek yerine Türk toplumsal hayatı daha da karışık bir hâl almıştır. Zamanın iktidarı İttihat ve Terakki Partisince II. Meşrutiyet ile siyasette yapılan inkılap, Ömer Seyfettin, Ali Canip, Ziya Gökalp gibi aydınlar tarafından sosyal alana da taşınarak yenileşme tamamlanmak istenmiştir. Bu çalışmada Yeni Hayat müdafi süreli yayınlar incelenerek Yeni Hayat kavramının tanımları, kapsamları, usulü açıklanmıştır. Yeni Hayat kadrosunun yeni yaşam düzeni için yapılacak değişikliklerde görüşlerini destekleyici İslamî öğütlere çokça yer verdiği tespit edilmiş ve yazılarında gözlemlenen bu yöndeki söylemleri ele alınmıştır.
Enhanced Phytase Production by Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis in Solid State Fermentation and its Utility in Improving Food Nutrition
Authors: Singh Bijender , Kumar Gurprit , Kumar Vinod , Singh Davender
Published: July 2021

Background:

Phytic acid acts as anti-nutritional factor in food and feed ingredients for
monogastric animals as they lack phytases.

Objective:

Phytase production by Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis JJBS250 was studied in solid-state
fermentation and its applicability in dephytinization of food.

Methods:

Bacterial culture was grown in solid state fermentation using wheat bran and various culture
conditions were optimized using ‘One variable at a time’ (OVAT) approach. Effects of different
substrates (wheat bran, wheat straw, sugarcane bagasse), incubation time (24, 48, 72 and 96 h),
incubation temperatures (25, 30, 35 and 40°C), pH (4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0) and moisture content
(1:1.5, 1:2.0, 1:2.5 and 1:3) were studied on phytase production. Bacterial phytase was used in dephytinization
of food samples.

Results:

Optimization of phytase production was studied in solid state fermentation (SSF) using
‘One variable at a time’ (OVAT) approach. Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis JJBS250 grew well in
various agroresidues in SSF and secreted high enzyme titres using wheat bran at 30°C and pH 5.0
after incubation time of 48 h with substrate to moisture ratio of 1:3. Glucose and ammonium sulphate
supplementation to wheat bran further enhanced phytase production in SSF. Optimization of
phytase production resulted in 2.4-fold improvement in phytase production in solid state fermentation.
The enzyme resulted in dephytinization of wheat and rice flours with concomitant release of
inorganic phosphate, reducing sugar and soluble protein.

Conclusion:

Optimization resulted in 2.34-fold enhancement in phytase production by bacterial
culture that showed dephytinization of food ingredients with concomitant release of nutritional
components. Therefore, phytase of B. subtilis subsp. subtilis JJBS250 could find application in improving
nutritional quality of food and feed of monogastric animals.
pH-Sensitive Polymer-Based Carriers as a Useful Approach for Oral Delivery of Therapeutic Protein: A Review
Authors: Lori Maryam Shamseddini , Ohadi Mandana , Estabragh Mohammad Amin Raeisi , Afsharipour Sepehr , Banat Ibrahim Mohamed , Dehghannoudeh Gholamreza
Published: July 2021

There are many proteins and enzymes in the human body, and their dysfunction can lead
to the emergence of a disease. The use of proteins as a drug is common in various diseases such as
diabetes. Proteins are hydrophilic molecules whose spatial structure is critical to their correct function.
There are different ways for the administration of proteins. Protein structures are degraded by
gastric acid and enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract and have a slight ability to permeate from the
gastrointestinal epithelium due to their large hydrophilic nature. Therefore, their oral use has limitations.
Since the oral route for the administration of drugs is one of the best and easiest routes for patients,
many studies have been done to increase the stability, penetration, and ultimately, the bioavailability
of proteins through oral administration. One of the studied strategies for oral delivery of
protein is the use of pH-sensitive polymer-based carriers. These carriers use different pH-sensitive
polymers, such as eudragit®, chitosan, dextran, and alginate. The use of pH-sensitive polymer-
based carriers by protecting the protein from stomach acid (low pH) and degrading enzymes,
increasing permeability and maintaining the spatial structure of the protein, leads to increased bioavailability.
In this review, we focus on the various polymers used to prepare pH-sensitive polymer-
based carriers for the oral delivery of proteins.
The Role of Tumor Associated Macrophages (TAMs) in Cancer Progression, Chemoresistance, Angiogenesis and Metastasis - Current Status
Authors: Dallavalasa Siva , Beeraka Narasimha M. , Basavaraju Chaithanya G. , Tulimilli SubbaRao V. , Sadhu Surya Prabha , Rajesh Konathala , Aliev Gjumrakch , Madhunapantula SubbaRao V.
Published: July 2021

Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), located in the tumor microenvironment
(TME), play a significant role in cancer cell survival and progression. TAMs have
been involved in producing immuno-suppressive TME in the tumor by generating inflammatory
mediators, growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, etc. TAMs can influence the
angiogenesis, metastatic behavior of tumor cells (TCs) and cause multidrug resistance.
TAMs within the TME can enhance cancer cell metastasis and are stromal and perivascular.
The angiogenesis is promoted at the hypoxia, and the avascular zones of TME. Differentiation
states of TAMs are considered ‘plastic’ as they exhibit temporal expression of
one or several phenotypes depending on local cues. Emerging cancer research depicted
the epigenetic regulation of macrophage polarization (both M1s, M2s) and their potential
implications to develop pharmacologic modulators and microRNAs to act as molecular
switches and even to serve as targeted therapies to inhibit tumor growth. In the present article,
the role of TAMs in tumor progression, angiogenesis and metastasis was discussed.
In addition, key signaling cascades regulated by TAMs, which have a role in chemoresistance,
were also discussed. Currently, novel pleiotropic properties of various anticancer
phytomedicines are gaining importance as they assist in overcoming TAMs-induced chemoresistance.
Moreover, these phytomedicines are being tested as ‘adjunct therapeutics’
along with chemotherapeutic agents, anti-angiogenic molecules, anti-metastatic compounds,
and other immune-checkpoint blockers against tumor metastasis/angiogenesis.
Hence, a brief note on natural products targeting TAMs was provided. In summary, this
review would benefit pharmacologists and medical professionals to develop therapies to
target TAMs using multi-OMICs approaches, including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics,
and proteomics.
Male Patients with Takayasu Arteritis and Coronary Artery Involvement are Prone to Have Serious Coronary Stenosis and High Mortality
Authors: Ci Weiping , Zhao Yinan , Bi Tao
Published: July 2021

Background:

Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is a rare autoimmune vasculitis that predominantly
affects the aorta and its major branches, including the coronary arteries. Information is limited
regarding sex-specific differences in coronary artery involvement among TAK patients.

Objective:

To assess the differences in coronary angiographic findings and long-term outcomes between
male and female TAK patients with coronary artery involvement.

Methods:

This retrospective cohort study included 87 TAK patients, grouped by sex, who underwent
coronary angiography. General characteristics, clinical features, coronary angiographic findings,
and therapeutic strategies were obtained from medical records. Major adverse cardiac events
(MACE), including death from any cause, myocardial infarction, repeated coronary artery revascularization,
and rehospitalization due to unstable or progressive angina or heart failure occurring during
follow-up, were also recorded.

Results:

A total of 207 coronary lesions with stenosis were found in 87 TAK patients. The prevalence
of ostial coronary lesions was lower in men than in women (9.1 vs. 23.9%, p=0.031). We observed
less moderate stenosis (6.8 vs. 22.7%, p=0.018) and more severe stenosis or occlusion (70.5
vs. 46.0%, p=0.004) in the coronary lesions of male TAK patients. During the up to 7-year follow-
up, death from any cause was greater in men than in women (21.4 vs. 1.5%, p=0.003); no
other significant differences in MACE occurrence were observed between sexes.

Conclusions:

Among TAK patients with coronary artery involvement, males tend to have more serious
coronary stenosis and a higher risk for long-term mortality than females.
Effect of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and with Reduced Ejection Fraction - A Narrative Review
Authors: Mares Adriana , Rodriguez Tayana , Deoker Abhizith , Lehker Angelica , Mukherjee Debabrata
Published: July 2021

Background:

Heart failure is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. By the
end of this decade, ~8 million Americans will have heart failure with an expenditure of $69.8 billion.

Objective:

In this narrative review, we evaluate the benefits, potential risks and the role of mineralocorticoid
receptor antagonists (MRAs) in the management of both Heart Failure with Preserved
Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) and Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF).

Methods:

We performed a comprehensive literature review to assess the available evidence on the
role of MRAs in heart failure using the online databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL and
Google Scholar).

Results:

Clinical evidence shows that MRAs such as spironolactone and eplerenone reduce mortality
and readmissions for patients with HFrEF compared with placebo. Furthermore, one trial reported
that MRAs reduce heart failure hospitalization in patients with HFpEF. The American College
of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines strongly recommend using MRA in patients
with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) with Class II-IV symptoms, estimated
glomerular filtration rate >30 ml/min/1.73 m2, and absence of hyperkalemia. Despite this, MRAs
are underutilized in the management of heart failure.

Conclusions:

MRAs improve outcomes in patients with both HFpEF and HFrEF but remain underutilized.
Assessment of COVID-19 Treatment Advised in Different Ethnic Populations
Authors: Arjun B. , Krishnendu P.R. , Pappachen Leena K. , Zachariah Subin M.
Published: July 2021

A virus is an infectious agent that can only replicate within a host organism and can infect
a variety of living organisms, including bacteria, plants, and animals. Viruses are so small that
a microscope is necessary to visualize them, and they have a very simple structure. A coronavirus
is a group of viruses that can cause diseases, for instance, the basic cold, severe acute respiratory
syndrome (SARS), and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). The patients affected with
the COVID-19 infection will encounter respiratory sickness and can recuperate without requiring
normal therapy. Individuals with clinical issues like cardiovascular problems, diabetes, and respiratory
illness will suffer from the ailment. COVID-19 disease spreads through aerosols or the nose
when an infected individual hacks or sneezes. In 2019, a new disease, known as novel coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19), was discovered in China, and on March 11, 2020, it was declared a pandemic
disease by the World Health Organization (WHO), spreading rapidly across 194 countries in
Europe, North America, Asia, the Middle East, Latin America, and Africa. The best way to stop
the spread of the transmission is to be instructed about COVID-19 and how it spreads. In this survey,
we are endeavoring to focus on the drugs and vaccines that are used for the treatment and prevention
of COVID-19.
Genetics and Vaccine Development for SARS-CoV2 in the Era of Personalized
Medicine
Authors: Tafanidou Eirini Konstantina , Gkentzi Despoina
Published: July 2021

:

Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in late December 2019, scientists have been racing
against time to effectively develop a vaccine. As the techniques of personalized medicine are becoming
more understood and approachable for mankind, vaccinations using such technologies could advance
the treatment of all patients taking into consideration their genetic and biochemical background. As
such, we anticipate that patients will be treated more effectively and potentially have fewer symptoms
and side effects. This perspective aims to raise awareness of the oncoming novel treatment of diseases,
especially during the coronavirus pandemic.
Assessment of Burnout Levels Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic: A
Web-Based Survey by the (Italian) Association of Medical Endocrinologists
(AME)
Authors: Loscalzo Yura , Marucci Simonetta , Garofalo Piernicola , Attanasio Roberto , Lisco Giuseppe , De Geronimo Vincenzo , Guastamacchia Edoardo , Giannini Marco , Triggiani Vincenzo
Published: July 2021

Background:

Some endocrinologists were involved in the management of patients with
suspected or confirmed COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic. This study aims to analyze
burnout levels among the Association of Medical Endocrinologists (AME) members before
and during the pandemic.

Methods:

We recruited two AME members samples at two different times: before COVID-19 (n =
811) and during the first wave of the ongoing pandemic (n = 579). Both the samples filled the Maslach
Burnout Inventory. We performed MANOVAs to evaluate demographic and COVID-19 related
differences in burnout levels and Pearson’s Chi-square test to compare burnout severity before
and during the pandemic.

Results:

Women reported higher Emotional Exhaustion and reduced Professional Accomplishment
than men. The oldest physicians had lower levels of Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization
and higher Professional Accomplishment than younger workers. Independent contractors displayed
lower levels of burnout compared to established contractors. Finally, the pandemic, per se, did not
lead to changes in burnout levels.

Discussion:

Women and young physicians are at higher risk of burnout. It is also possible that front-
line professionals are at higher risk during a health care crisis. Moreover, it is likely that the
length of exposure to the pandemic has not been sufficient to impact burnout levels.

Conclusions:

Short-term exposure to pandemic-related activities seemed to have a low impact on
burnout severity, except for physicians directly involved in managing COVID-19 cases. It is strongly
recommended the availability of psychological support in public hospitals.
Association Between Insulin Resistance and Cardinal Rheological Parameters
in Young Healthy Japanese Individuals During 75g Oral Glucose Tolerance
Test
Authors: Martha Larasati , Kimura Takao , Yoshida Akihiro , Tsunekawa Katsuhiko , Aoki Tomoyuki , Araki Osamu , Nara Makoto , Ogiwara Takayuki , Sumino Hiroyuki , Murakami Masami
Published: July 2021

Background:

Insulin resistance is a well-known predictor and risk factor for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Higher hematocrit induced by higher insulin resistance affects blood rheology.

Objective:

This study intended to reveal the association between indices of insulin resistance and hemorheological parameters during a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (75-g OGTT).

Methods:

A total of 575 healthy young Japanese participants took 75-g OGTT. We then analyzed the association between insulin resistance indices and hematological parameters.

Results:

The Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was significantly correlated with hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin (Hb), Red Blood Cell (RBC), White Blood Cell (WBC), platelet count, lipid parameters, and Body Mass Index (BMI). The Matsuda index was negatively correlated with RBC count, WBC count, platelet count, Total Cholesterol (TC), Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and positively correlated with High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (HDL-C). The disposition index was negatively correlated with Hb, RBC count, LDL-C, and BMI, while remaining positively correlated with HDL-C. The Homeostasis Model Assessment of beta cell (HOMA- IR ) was positively correlated with WBC count, platelet count, TC, LDL-C, and TG. The insulinogenic index was positively correlated with WBC count, platelet count, and TC. Multiple regression analysis revealed that HOMA-IR was independently associated with TG, and the Matsuda index was independently associated with TG, WBC count, and platelet count. The insulinogenic index was independently associated with WBC count.

Conclusion:

Cardinal rheological parameters reflected insulin resistance and were released even in the young, healthy Japanese individuals within the physiological range of glycemic control.
Micelles in Cancer Therapy: An Update on Preclinical and Clinical Status
Authors: Kushwaha Poonam , Aqeel Rabia , Srivastava Nidhi
Published: July 2021

Background:

In the recent years, Micelles represent a promising carrier for the treatment
and diagnosis of cancer. Architecturally, micelles are self-assembled nanosized colloidal aggregates
prepared from amphiphilic surfactant with a hydrophobic core and hydrophilic shell. Such a composition
makes them a potential carrier for delivery of hydrophobic anticancer drugs with in their core.

Description:

Micelles have received increasing interest as an enhanced permeability and retention (EPR)
targeted drug delivery systems for cancer treatment. Micelles can be modified to contribute various attractive
properties, for instance, active targeting, stimuli-responsiveness. They have also proven their
ability in drug targeting to tumor tissue, enhanced drug accumulation, drug stabilization, tissue penetration,
prolong circulation, in vivo biocompatibility, biodegradability and reduced side effects. Micelles
have displayed a vital role in multidrug delivery for cancer therapy.

Results and Discussion :

The aim of the present review is to provide an overview on the status of micellar
nanoformulations for anticancer agents, including their pre-clinical and clinical researches. Emphasis
is placed on presenting the newer strategies to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer
drug at the target site. The type of co-polymers used and methods for the preparation of micelles are
also highlighted in the paper.
Nanovaccine: A Hope to Triumph the Battle Against Novel Coronavirus
Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Awasthi Rajendra , Singh Anurag Kumar , Maurya Anand , Mishra Gaurav , Dua Kamal , Kulkarni Giriraj T.
Published: July 2021

Background:

The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection has caused the global
emergence of coronavirus in humans during the last 12 months. Till May 11, 2021, the confirmed
global COVID-19 cases and deaths reached 158551526 and 3296855, respectively.

Methods:

Goblet cells and ciliated cells in the nose act as the initial infection site of SARS-CoV-2.
Thus, mucus immunity is important to protect from infection. The outburst of SARS-CoV-2 infection
can be halted only when an effective vaccine will be developed.

Results:

Globally, over 100 different vaccines are under investigation, including DNA vaccines, RNA
vaccines, inactivated virus vaccines, adenovirus-based vaccines, recombinant/subunit protein vaccines,
peptide vaccines, virus-like particles, etc. Inactivated virus vaccines and mRNA, and adenovirus-based
vaccines have moved fast into clinical trials.

Conclusion:

Vaccines containing spike protein of SARS-CoV as subunit could effectively prevent
binding of coronavirus to the host cell and membrane fusion. Thus, spike protein can be used as a major
target for subunit vaccine preparation.
Nanosponge Approach -A Plethora of Opportunities as a Promising
Nanocarrier for Novel Drug Delivery
Authors: Bhavin Shah Esha , Anuradha Gajjar
Published: July 2021

Background:

Nanotechnology is the need of the hour! The design of nanotechnologyaided
carriers as a tool for the delivery of low solubility molecules offers a potential platform to
overcome the issues of current clinical treatment and achieve good targeted release and bioaccessibility.

Objective:

Nanosponges (NS) encapsulate types of nanocarriers capable of carrying both lipophilic
and hydrophilic substances. They are synthesized by mixing a solution of polyester, which is biodegradable,
with cross-linkers. These tiny, porous structures are round-shaped, having multiple cavities
wherein drugs can be housed to offer programmable release.

Method:

The detailed literature review and patent search summarize the ongoing research on NS.
Substances such as poorly soluble drugs, nutraceuticals, gases, proteins and peptides, volatile oils,
genetic material, etc., can be loaded on these novel carriers, which are characterized using various
analytical techniques. Target-specific drug delivery and controlled drug release are the advantages
offered by NS, along with a myriad of other promising applications.

Results:

This review stresses the development of cyclodextrin-based NS, the synthetic methods and
characterization of NS, along with factors affecting NS formation, their applications and information
on the patented work in this area. NS are solid in character and can be formulated in various dosage
forms, such as parenteral, topical, oral or inhalation.

Conclusion:

Therefore, owing to their promising benefits over other nanocarriers in terms of drug
loading, adaptability, sustainability, solubility and tailored release profile, NS is an immediate technological
revolution for drug entrapment and as novel drug carriers.The authors expect that these
fundamental applications of NS could help the researchers to develop and gain insight about NS in
novel drug delivery applications.
Optimized Expression Condition of CIDRα-PfEMP1 Recombinant Protein Production in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3): A Step to Develop Malaria Vaccine Candidate
Authors: Setyoadji Winnie Almira , Sulistyaningsih Erma , Kusuma Irawan Fajar
Published: July 2021

Malaria is still an essential epidemiological disease worldwide, including in Indonesia. Several approaches are performed to control the disease, as well as vaccine development. The Cysteine-rich interdomain region α of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (CIDRα-PfEMP1) is a pivotal domain in the malaria pathogenesis make it a malaria vaccine candidate. The development of the malaria vaccine is performed using recombinant technology. Recombinant protein production is an important step. The study aimed to determine the optimized condition for CIDRα-PfEMP1 recombinant protein expression in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) expression system. Serial IPTG concentrations from 0.05, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mM and two different incubation periods of 4 h and 8 h were optimized. The recombinant protein expression was visualized in SDS-PAGE, measured using the Bradford protein assay, and calculated using software Image J. SDS-PAGE visualization showed a 27 kDa band expressed CIDRα-PfEMP1 recombinant protein. The optimized condition for CIDRα-PfEMP1 recombinant protein expression was at 0.03 mM IPTG concentration and 8 h incubation period.
The Potency of UB Forest Chitinolytic Bacteria to Promote Plant Growth and Inhibit Damping off Disease on Soybean
Authors: Roekhan Achmad , Dayanti Ayu Ike , Oktaviani Rahmania , Shinta Fibrianti , Anastasia Nabilla Alya , Aini Luqman Qurata
Published: July 2021

Damping off disease in soybean plants is caused by the fungal Rhizoctonia solani. The damping off disease causes a yield loss of up to 85-100%. The purpose of this study was determining the ability chitinolytic bacteria consortium of UB Forest's in suppressing damping off disease in vitro and in vivo as well as its potential to stimulate the growth of soybean plants. The research stages included isolation of the pathogenic fungus R. solani and the pathogenicity test. Rejuvenation chitinolytic bacterial isolates of UB Forest, test chitinolytic bacteria antagonist of UB Forest against R. solani fungus, test of Plant Growth Promoting (PGP) activities, synergy test of selected chitinolytic bacterial isolates, in vitro test for the inhibition of chitinase crude extract against R. solani, and inhibition test of chitinolytic bacteria consortium against damping off disease. The selected chitinolytic bacteria were code bacteria UB12, UB19, and UB52 with plant growth promoting activities with inhibition percentage of the pathogen R. solani of 73.9%, 67.4%, and 71.7%. The best chitinolytic bacterial isolates were the genus Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. The inhibition test of chitinase crude extract showed an inhibition percentage of 25-55%.
A Local Community-Based Social Network for Mental Health and Well-being (Quokka): Exploratory Feasibility Study
Authors: Shih Cynthia , Pudipeddi Ruhi , Uthayakumar Arany , Washington Peter
Published: July 2021

Background

Developing healthy habits and maintaining prolonged behavior changes are often difficult tasks. Mental health is one of the largest health concerns globally, including for college students.

Objective

Our aim was to conduct an exploratory feasibility study of local community-based interventions by developing Quokka, a web platform promoting well-being activity on university campuses. We evaluated the intervention’s potential for promotion of local, social, and unfamiliar activities pertaining to healthy habits.

Methods

To evaluate this framework’s potential for increased participation in healthy habits, we conducted a 6-to-8-week feasibility study via a “challenge” across 4 university campuses with a total of 277 participants. We chose a different well-being theme each week, and we conducted weekly surveys to (1) gauge factors that motivated users to complete or not complete the weekly challenge, (2) identify participation trends, and (3) evaluate the feasibility of the intervention to promote local, social, and novel well-being activities. We tested the hypotheses that Quokka participants would self-report participation in more local activities than remote activities for all challenges (Hypothesis H1), more social activities than individual activities (Hypothesis H2), and new rather than familiar activities (Hypothesis H3).

Results

After Bonferroni correction using a Clopper-Pearson binomial proportion confidence interval for one test, we found that there was a strong preference for local activities for all challenge themes. Similarly, users significantly preferred group activities over individual activities (P<.001 for most challenge themes). For most challenge themes, there were not enough data to significantly distinguish a preference toward familiar or new activities (P<.001 for a subset of challenge themes in some schools).

Conclusions

We find that local community-based well-being interventions such as Quokka can facilitate positive behaviors. We discuss these findings and their implications for the research and design of location-based digital communities for well-being promotion.
A Shared Decision-making Tool for Drug Interactions Between Warfarin and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs: Design and Usability Study
Authors: Reese Thomas J , Del Fiol Guilherme , Morgan Keaton , Hurwitz Jason T , Kawamoto Kensaku , Gomez-Lumbreras Ainhoa , Brown Mary L , Thiess Henrik , Vazquez Sara R , Nelson Scott D , Boyce Richard , Malone Daniel
Published: July 2021

Background

Exposure to life-threatening drug-drug interactions (DDIs) occurs despite the widespread use of clinical decision support. The DDI between warfarin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is common and potentially life-threatening. Patients can play a substantial role in preventing harm from DDIs; however, the current model for DDI decision-making is clinician centric.

Objective

This study aims to design and study the usability of DDInteract, a tool to support shared decision-making (SDM) between a patient and provider for the DDI between warfarin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Methods

We used an SDM framework and user-centered design methods to guide the design and usability of DDInteract—an SDM electronic health record app to prevent harm from clinically significant DDIs. The design involved iterative prototypes, qualitative feedback from stakeholders, and a heuristic evaluation. The usability evaluation included patients and clinicians. Patients participated in a simulated SDM discussion using clinical vignettes. Clinicians were asked to complete eight tasks using DDInteract and to assess the tool using a survey adapted from the System Usability Scale.

Results

The designed DDInteract prototype includes the following features: a patient-specific risk profile, dynamic risk icon array, patient education section, and treatment decision tree. A total of 4 patients and 11 clinicians participated in the usability study. After an SDM session where patients and clinicians review the tool concurrently, patients generally favored pain treatments with less risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Clinicians successfully completed the tasks with a mean of 144 (SD 74) seconds and rated the usability of DDInteract as 4.32 (SD 0.52) of 5.

Conclusions

This study expands the use of SDM to DDIs. The next steps are to determine if DDInteract can improve shared decision-making quality and to implement it across health systems using interoperable technology.
Leveraging National Claims and Hospital Big Data: Cohort Study on a Statin-Drug Interaction Use Case
Authors: Bannay Aurélie , Bories Mathilde , Le Corre Pascal , Riou Christine , Lemordant Pierre , Van Hille Pascal , Chazard Emmanuel , Dode Xavier , Cuggia Marc , Bouzillé Guillaume
Published: July 2021

Background

Linking different sources of medical data is a promising approach to analyze care trajectories. The aim of the INSHARE (Integrating and Sharing Health Big Data for Research) project was to provide the blueprint for a technological platform that facilitates integration, sharing, and reuse of data from 2 sources: the clinical data warehouse (CDW) of the Rennes academic hospital, called eHOP (entrepôt Hôpital), and a data set extracted from the French national claim data warehouse (Système National des Données de Santé [SNDS]).

Objective

This study aims to demonstrate how the INSHARE platform can support big data analytic tasks in the health field using a pharmacovigilance use case based on statin consumption and statin-drug interactions.

Methods

A Spark distributed cluster-computing framework was used for the record linkage procedure and all analyses. A semideterministic record linkage method based on the common variables between the chosen data sources was developed to identify all patients discharged after at least one hospital stay at the Rennes academic hospital between 2015 and 2017. The use-case study focused on a cohort of patients treated with statins prescribed by their general practitioner or during their hospital stay.

Results

The whole process (record linkage procedure and use-case analyses) required 88 minutes. Of the 161,532 and 164,316 patients from the SNDS and eHOP CDW data sets, respectively, 159,495 patients were successfully linked (98.74% and 97.07% of patients from SNDS and eHOP CDW, respectively). Of the 16,806 patients with at least one statin delivery, 8293 patients started the consumption before and continued during the hospital stay, 6382 patients stopped statin consumption at hospital admission, and 2131 patients initiated statins in hospital. Statin-drug interactions occurred more frequently during hospitalization than in the community (3800/10,424, 36.45% and 3253/14,675, 22.17%, respectively; P<.001). Only 121 patients had the most severe level of statin-drug interaction. Hospital stay burden (length of stay and in-hospital mortality) was more severe in patients with statin-drug interactions during hospitalization.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the added value of combining and reusing clinical and claim data to provide large-scale measures of drug-drug interaction prevalence and care pathways outside hospitals. It builds a path to move the current health care system toward a Learning Health System using knowledge generated from research on real-world health data.
Predicting Patients’ Intention to Use a Personal Health Record Using an Adapted Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology Model: Secondary Data Analysis
Authors: Yousef Consuela Cheriece , Salgado Teresa M , Farooq Ali , Burnett Keisha , McClelland Laura E , Thomas Abin , Alenazi Ahmed O , Abu Esba Laila Carolina , AlAzmi Aeshah , Alhameed Abrar Fahad , Hattan Ahmed , Elgadi Sumaya , Almekhloof Saleh , AlShammary Mohammed A , Alanezi Nazzal Abdullah , Alhamdan Hani Solaiman , Khoshhal Sahal , DeShazo Jonathan P
Published: July 2021

Background

With the rise in the use of information and communication technologies in health care, patients have been encouraged to use eHealth tools such as personal health records (PHRs) for better health and well-being services. PHRs support patient-centered care and patient engagement. To support the achievement of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 ambitions, the National Transformation program provides a framework to use PHRs in meeting the 3-fold aim for health care—increased access, reduced cost, and improved quality of care—and to provide patient- and person-centered care. However, there has been limited research on PHR uptake within the country.

Objective

Using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) as the theoretical framework, this study aims at identifying predictors of patient intention to utilize the Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs PHR (MNGHA Care) app.

Methods

Using secondary data from a cross-sectional survey, data measuring the intention to use the MNGHA Care app, along with its predictors, were collected from among adults (n=324) visiting Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs facilities in Riyadh, Jeddah, Dammam, Madinah, Al Ahsa, and Qassim. The relationship of predictors (main theory constructs) and moderators (age, gender, and experience with health apps) with the dependent variable (intention to use MNGHA Care) was tested using hierarchical multiple regression.

Results

Of the eligible population, a total of 261 adult patients were included in the analysis. They had a mean age of 35.07 (SD 9.61) years, 50.6 % were male (n=132), 45.2% had university-level education (n=118), and 53.3% had at least 1 chronic medical condition (n=139). The model explained 48.9% of the variance in behavioral intention to use the PHR (P=.38). Performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and positive attitude were significantly associated with behavioral intention to use the PHR (P<.05). Prior experience with health apps moderated the relationship between social influence and behavioral intention to use the PHR (P=.04).

Conclusions

This study contributes to the existing literature on PHR adoption broadly as well as in the context of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Understanding which factors are associated with patient adoption of PHRs can guide future development and support the country’s aim of transforming the health care system. Similar to previous studies on PHR adoption, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and positive attitude are important factors, and practical consideration should be given to support these areas.