bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Form of Services on Community-Based Employment Skills Education for People with Disabilities in Rural Areas
Authors: Syamsi Ibnu
Published: October 2022

Form of services on community-based employment skills education for people with disabilities in rural areas. This study aims to describe the form of community-based vocational education mobile services for people with disabilities in rural areas. This type of qualitative descriptive research using data collection tools, observations, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study, which obtained basic data on village potential, especially those related to the problems of people with disabilities in the research area, obtained basic data on prevalence rates of people with disabilities in rural areas, classification of disabilities, need assessments, and their distribution who need to receive job skills education services through mobile services, successful preparation of training materials to prepare prospective tutors to implement skills training, successful training of a number of prospective tutors in the village to train job skills, successful initiating efforts to raise funds and development in the research village area, successful instilling an understanding and awareness among community members, especially people parents or families with disabilities, regarding the importance of paying attention to or solving the problems of people with disabilities in rural areas.
How does ethnomathematics work within an online platform?
Authors: Peni Nur Robiah Nofikusumawati
Published: October 2022

Recently, ethnomathematics has emerged as one of the promising approaches for assisting teachers in promoting culture in the lives of their students. However, ethnomathematics left a strong impression that it was primarily concerned with cultural issues and was difficult to integrate with technology. Because the image of traditional ethnomathematics has become in contrast with the new era nowadays, where the online platform is used during the teaching-learning process during this pandemic situation, the usage of ethnomathematics has decreased. The essence of ethnomathematics, which requires face-to-face learning, posed a new challenge to applying this approach in the digital age. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of ethnomathematics and how they interact with online platforms. This literature review gathers information from previous studies in which several online platforms work with students with or without culture as a context in the teaching-learning process. The findings show that the characteristics of ethnomathematics and those online platforms are intertwined and that this could be a new approach to promoting culture within the mathematics learning process.
Effectiveness of Multimedia-Based Learning Materials For Deaf Students In Online Learning
Authors: Astuti Eka Yuli , Pertiwi Dwi Endah , Santoso Yoga Budhi
Published: October 2022

Hearing impairment experienced by deaf students has an impact on language and academic aspects. Therefore, in online learning, there are numerous problems for deaf students especially to get information that is easy to understand. One way to overcome this obstacle is by making multimedia-based learning materials that consider the principles of visual learning for deaf students. The purpose of the study was to improve students learning outcomes and assess the effectiveness of multimedia-based learning materials using animated videos. The videos are equipped with sign language, visual explanations, and case examples. The method used in this research is mixed. A qualitative approach was used to develop the multimedia and a quantitative approach was used to analyze participants’ performance. The result shows that presenting materials through multimedia animation videos is effective in improving students’ learning outcomes, increasing their participation in online learning, and creating accessibility for deaf students in an inclusive classroom.
Die „Werte der Union“: Legitimitätsstiftung, Einheitsbildung, Föderalisierung
Authors: Nettesheim Martin
Published: October 2022

Die Europäische Union vollzieht gegenwärtig den tiefsten Wandlungsprozess der letzten Jahrzehnte. Die EU-Organe sind dabei, das innere Wesen der EU neu zu definieren. Bislang konnte die EU als Organisation begriffen werden, die dem Ziel der effektiven Verwirklichung von „Projekten“ diente (Binnenmarkt, Raum der Freiheit, der Sicherheit und des Rechts, GASP etc.). Ihre Legitimation war der Erfolg, den sie bei der Verwirklichung der gemeinwohldienlichen Projekte erzielte. Nunmehr soll das funktionalistische Integrationsverständnis von einer konstitutionalistischen Selbstbeschreibung ersetzt werden: Die EU will sich künftig als „Wertegemeinschaft“ oder „Werteunion“ begreifen. Mit der Umstellung sollen drei Ziele verfolgt werden: Legitimitätsstiftung, Einheitsbildung und Föderalisierung. Der Beitrag beschreibt diese Neuorientierung und analysiert sie kritisch.
Using Hashtags to Analyse Purpose and Technology Application of Open-Source Project Related to COVID-19
Authors: Tian Liang , Zhang Chengzhi
Published: October 2022

COVID-19 has had a profound impact on the lives of all human beings. Emerging technologies have

made significant contributions to the fight against the pandemic. An extensive review of the application of tech-

nology will help facilitate future research and technology development to provide better solutions for future pan-

demics. In contrast to the extensive surveys of academic communities that have already been conducted, this study

explores the IT community of practice. Using GitHub as the study target, we analysed the main functionalities of the projects submitted during

the pandemic. This study examines trends in projects with different functionalities and the relationship between functionalities and technolo-

gies. The study results show an imbalance in the number of projects with varying functionalities in the GitHub community, i.e., applications

account for more than half of the projects. In contrast, other data analysis and AI projects account for a smaller share. This differs significantly

from the survey of the academic community, where the findings focus more on cutting-edge technologies while projects in the community of

practice use more mature technologies. The spontaneous behavior of developers may lack organization and make it challenging to target needs.

Keywords: COVID, communities of practice, technologies, functionalities
Particle Swarm Optimization with a Simplex Strategy to Avoid Getting Stuck on Local Optimum
Authors: Steffen Vilmar
Published: October 2022

Heuristic methods, for global optimization, have been receiving much interest in the last years, among which Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm can be highlighted. However, the application of heuristic methods can lead to premature convergence. In this work, the addition of a step on the PSO algorithm is proposed. This new step, based in Nelder–Mead simplex search method (NM), consists of repositioning the current particle with global best solution, not for a better position, but away from the current nearest local optimum, to avoid getting stuck on this local optimum. There are other PSO-NM algorithms, but the one we are proposing, has a different strategy. The proposed algorithm was also tested with the repositioning strategy in other particles beyond the current global best particle, depending on the repositioning probability. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed methods, and study its better parameters, were used various test functions, and for each test function, various number of particles were used in combination with various probabilities of particles repositioning. A thousand runs were performed for each case, resulting in more than two millions runs. The computational studies showed that the repositioning of of global best particle increases the percentage of success on reaching the global best solution, but better results can be obtained applying the repositioning strategy to other particles with repositioning probabilities between 1–5%.
Salmonella Infection and Pathogenesis
Authors: Ahmad Bhat Kaisar , Manzoor Tasaduq , Ahmad Dar Mashooq , Farooq Asmat , Ahmad Allie Kaisar , Majeed Wani Shaheen , Ahmad Dar Tashook , Asghar Shah Ali
Published: October 2022

Salmonella genus represents most common food borne pathogens isolated from food producing animals and is responsible for causing zoonotic infections in humans and other animal species, including birds. As a result, Salmonella diseases are among the most common problems for the humans, animals, and food industry around the world. Despite rising attention about other pathogens, Salmonella continues to be the most prominent cause of food borne disease worldwide. Salmonella can be transferred to humans at any point along the farm-to-fork chain, most commonly through infected animal-derived foods such as poultry and poultry related products (eggs), pork, fish, and so on. Some Salmonella serotypes have been confined to a single serovar and are known as “host-restricted” while the others have a wide host spectral range and are known as “host-adapted” serotypes. Globally Salmonella infection causes huge mortality and the infection plays a huge role in immune response by evolving multiple mechanism to subvert immunity to its own benefit. Numerous infectivity markers and determinants have indeed been reported to play essential role in Salmonella pathogenesis to colonize its host by invading and avoiding the host’s intestinal shielding system.
Oil-Mineral Flocculation and Settling Dynamics
Authors: J. Manning Andrew , Ye Leiping , Hsu Tian-Jian , Holyoke James , A. Penaloza-Giraldo Jorge
Published: October 2022

In recent decades, oil spill contamination has tended to occur more commonly in deltaic and estuarial systems. The management of oil spillages has been a major challenge in the surrounding deltas due to the highly sensitivity nature of deltaic ecosystems. Many deltas have an abundance of clay minerals that can flocculate, and these play an important role in determining the transport of spilled oil contamination and its eventual fate, particularly given that suspended sediment and microbial activities are often prevalent and diverse in natural environments. The primary work presented here focuses on laboratory experimental studies that help develop improved parameterizations of flocculation processes for oil-sediment-biogeochemical modeling. Oil-mineral flocs (OMA) have been successfully created from a series of laboratory flocculation experiments. A floc video instrument LabSFLOC-2 has been adopted for the first time to study the settling dynamics of OMAs. Experimental results reveal OMAs can easily form in any oil, cohesive sediment, and seawater mixtures. However, Kaolin and Bentonite forms dramatically different OMA structures, which leads to their variable characteristics. In the Bentonite clay cases, the oil flocs tend to be much larger and with higher densities than those in Kaolin clay cases, resulting in significant variability of flocs settling velocities.
The Breaking of the Iranian Block during the Cretaceous and the Opening of New Oceanic Basins within the Tethys Ocean: The Case of the Sabzevar-Nain Basin and Its Geodynamic History
Authors: Abdollah Saidi , Nazer Nasser Khan , Pourjamali Zahra Hadi , Kiana Farzad
Published: October 2022

The Jurassic subduction of the Neo-Tethys oceanic crust under the western continental margin of the Iranian Block has led to the fragmentation of the Iranian Block in the back-arc basin, leading to the opening of three oceanic basins around it. The ophiolitic belts surrounding central Iran are the indicators of the closure of these basins. The Sabzevar-Nain Basin is one of these basins, which has been created between the micro-block of central Iran in the south and the Alborz Mountain Ranges in the north. This basin opened in the late Jurassic as a rift and then became a trough in the early Cretaceous. Finally, this basin developed into an oceanic basin in the early late Cretaceous. The sedimentation in this basin can be divided into pre-rift, syn-rift and oceanic environments. All of these sediments are strongly folded and faulted. The closure of this basin started during the Paleocene with a subduction under the southern margin of the Alborz Mountain Ranges. The collision event between the northern margin of the micro-block of central Iran and the southern margin of the Alborz Mountain Ranges occurred in the early Eocene. The result of this event was the creation of a wide collision zone, forming a volcanic arc and a back arc basin on the active of the Alborz Mountain Ranges, an ophiolitic belt, and post- collision intrusion masses that appear everywhere in the collision zone. In the point of lithology, these intrusion masses are composed of granite, diorite, and granodiorite. The magmatic activities that started in the Paleocene-early Eocene continued until early Quaternary.
Biochar Application in Soil Management Systems
Authors: Olufemi Isimikalu Theophilus
Published: October 2022

Due to its potential for improving soil fertility and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, biochar is frequently used as a soil amendment. This chapter presents an overview of its application and soil conditioning mechanisms as a technique for long-term carbon sequestration and lower greenhouse gas emissions, as well as an option for improving soil fertility. It focuses on biochar amendment for improved soil properties that support plant nutrient uptake and crop yield improvement, soil properties and biochar carbon sequestration dynamics, biochar degradation processes, and soil interactions and conditioning mechanisms that influence biochar carbon stability in soils. Current biochar stability assessment techniques used in academic studies are also addressed, along with their suitability for use with various goals and situations.
The Quantitative Estimation of Mechanical Performance on the Creep Strength and Prediction of Creep Fracture Life for Creep Ductile Materials Based on QL* Parameter
Authors: Toshimitsu Yokobori Jr A. , Ozeki Go
Published: October 2022

Previously, we have proposed creep deformation law estimated by non-dimensional time representation to predict creep fracture and remnant life. Furthermore, using steady state creep rate coupled with crack growth rate law based on Q* parameter, QL* parameter was derived and it was found to enable us to discriminate creep ductility and predict creep fracture life. In this study, a quantitative estimation and a prediction methods of mechanical performance on creep strength (MPCS) and creep fracture life of the creep ductile materials including a weld joint notched specimen was noticed and the following studies were conducted. 1) The similarity law of creep deformation, 2) QL*map, which discriminates creep ductility and predicts creep fracture life, 3) Derivation method of mechanical indicators, “Converted stress”, and ∆QL*, which quantify MPCS, 4) Example of the quantitative estimation by these parameters using P91 steel and its weld joint notched specimens. From these results, the concept of the converted stress and the ∆QL*were found to enable us to conduct quantitative estimation of MPCS and prediction of creep fracture life, with the short experimental period, the small number of specimens, the reasonable accuracy and an economic efficiency, which is an engineering significance.
Assessment of Diabetic Foot
Authors: Manoj Abraham Manoharlal , Hari Hara Sudan Subramanian , Pavithra Venugopal , Nithya Nataraj , Veeramani Pradhapsankar , Murugeshan Suganya
Published: October 2022

Diabetic Foot Complications are the main reason for hospitalization and amputation in people with diabetes. Globally ~435 million people have diabetes, with ~83–148 million of those estimated to develop foot ulcers in their lifetime. It is estimated that 16.8 million YLDs resulted from diabetic foot complications. Once an ulcer has developed, there is an increased risk of wound progression that may lead to amputation (~85% cases). In every 30 seconds, one lower limb amputation in diabetes patients occurs world-wide. The average cost for each amputation is over $70,000. American Podiatric Medical Association says that diabetic foot complications can be prevented by periodical Assessment of foot, which include visual inspection of bare foot; deformities, neurovascular abnormalities of foot and assessment of footwear. Relevant assessment and proactive foot care can reduce the burden of diabetic foot disease which will increase quality of life and reduce health care costs.
Historical Developments in Synthesis Approaches and Photocatalytic Perspectives of Metal-Organic Frameworks
Authors: Muslim Mohd , Ahmad Musheer
Published: October 2022

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have witnessed fast-growing development in inorganic chemistry as well as material chemistry due to their attractive tunable property, structural specificity, high surface area, and porosity of 3D structures. The conventional semiconductor nature of MOFs is dependent on the photoactive organic ligands and their optimization with incorporated active metal center ion, which have enjoyed these properties in the photocatalytic mechanism via efficient photogenerated charge carriers under the illumination of sunlight (UV-Visible) and other different types of lights. To improve photocatalytic efficiency, a wide range of MOFs could be easily designed to cover and harvest UV irradiation from the sunlight. A wide variety of MOFs have been designed and synthesized as photocatalysts for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants, photocatalytic specific redox in organic synthesis, and function in photoelectrodes. In addition, the mechanisms and current challenges for MOFs in photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants will be thoroughly discussed. This chapter discusses recent research advances in the use of MOFs as emerging photocatalysts.
Vermiconversion of Textile Industrial Sludge: Waste Management and Nutrients Recycling
Authors: Dhadse Sharda
Published: October 2022

The present study aimed for the conversion of textile industrial sludge (TIS) amended with the cow dung into vermicompost operated by the epigenic earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae. To accomplish the intent of the experiment, the substrate was allowed to decompose for 30 days, under monitored environmental conditions. Three different combinations were prepared (V25%, V50%, and V75%) from TIS, and compared with Vagro (vermicompost prepared from agricultural waste) and Vsoil. Among the entire three treatments, V75% was shown by physicochemical parameters for Trigonella foenum (Fenugreek/Methi) plant growth, seed germination, and leave production in the tested pot. The maximum amount of available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK) was recorded at V75%. On the other side, toxic metal (Cr, Mn, Cu, Pb Cd, and Zn) concentrations were diluted to minimum levels. The result advised that vermicomposting consider one of the alternative methods for waste management and energy recovery from industrial waste.
Full-Color Micro-LED Devices Based on Quantum Dots
Authors: Wu Tingzhu , Lu Tingwei , Yeh Yen-Wei , Chen Zhong , Kuo Hao-Chung
Published: October 2022

Quantum dots (QDs) show remarkable optical and electrical characteristics. They offer the advantage of combining micro-LEDs (μLEDs) for full-color display devices due to their exceptional features. In addition, μLED used in conjunction with QDs as color-conversion layers also provide efficient white LEDs for high-speed visible light communication (VLC). In this article, we comprehensively review recent progress in QD-based μLED devices. It includes the research status of various QDs and white LEDs based on QDs’ color conversion layers. The fabrication of QD-based high-resolution full-color μLEDs is also discussed. Including charge-assisted layer-by-layer (LbL), aerosol jet printing, and super inkjet printing methods to fabricate QD-based μLEDs. The use of quantum dot photoresist in combination with semipolar μLEDs is also described. Finally, we discuss the research of QD-based μLEDs for visible light communication.
Approaches to Retinal Detachment Prophylaxis among Patients with Stickler Syndrome
Authors: V. Naravane Ameay , A. Quiram Polly
Published: October 2022

Stickler syndrome is the most common cause of pediatric rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. Given the dramatic long term visual impact and difficult surgical management of these detachments, there is increasing interest in determining whether prophylactic treatment can be used to prevent retinal detachments in this population. However, severity of ocular findings in Stickler syndrome can vary by subtype. Three commonly used modalities to provide prophylactic treatment against retinal detachments in patients with Stickler syndrome include scleral buckle, laser retinopexy, and cryotherapy. While laser retinopexy is the most common approach to prophylactic treatment, treatment settings can vary by specialist. In addition, the decision to treat and manage Stickler syndrome is nuanced and requires careful consideration of the individual patient. After reviewing the literature on prophylactic treatment approaches, this chapter will also over guidelines in management of this complex patient population.
Pancreatic Pseudocyst
Authors: Damaskos Christos , Prevezanos Dionysios , Garmpis Nikolaos , Garmpi Anna , Kouraklis Gregory , Dimitroulis Dimitrios
Published: October 2022

Pancreatic pseudocysts frequently occur in the context of acute or chronic pancreatitis and seldom appear as a post-surgical outcome or trauma. Complicated pancreatic pseudocysts represent extremely rare entities but still life-threatening situations, including infection, hemorrhage, rupture, pseudoaneurysms, pancreatic fistulas, obstructions, and splenic complications. Premature diagnosis, based on transabdominal ultrasonography or computed tomography, is crucial for the early therapeutic approach. Conservative treatment, surgical and endoscopic intervention consist the therapeutic options. Thus, management of the complicated pseudocysts demands a multidisciplinary team eligible to cope with complications that might even occur due to the intervention. Pancreatic pseudocysts represent a challenge for clinical doctors.
Echocardiographic Prognostic Factors in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Silvia Gheorghe Gabriela , Cristian Dan Gheorghe Andrei , Ciobanu Ana , Simona Hodorogea Andreea
Published: October 2022

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is defined as an increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure of ≥25 mmHg at rest by right heart catheterization. Echocardiography estimates systolic pulmonary arterial pressure on the tricuspid regurgitation jet velocity, mean and diastolic pressure based on the pulmonary regurgitation jet, and data regarding the function of the right ventricle. ESC guidelines propose an echocardiographic risk assessment in PH according to right atrial area > 26 cm2 and pericardial effusion. Other risk factors correlated with the severity of the PH include right atrial pressure > 15 mmHg, tricuspid regurgitation more than moderate, TAPSE <18 mm, tricuspid S′ < 11.5 cm/s assessed by TDI, right ventricle ejection fraction <45% using 3D imaging, fractional area change of the right ventricle <35%, dP/dt < 400 mmHg/s on the tricuspid regurgitation flow, reduced strain of the right ventricle, diastolic dysfunction. Left ventricular eccentricity index (EI) >1.7 combined with TAPSE <15 mm was associated with a higher death rate compared to patients with normal values. However, each of these parameters used in the assessment of the right ventricle has technical limitations, and it is necessary to use multiple tests for a correct evaluation of the prognosis of PH.
Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Interactions in Erythrocytes
Authors: Rajashekaraiah Vani , Pallavi Masannagari , Choudhary Aastha , Bhat Chaitra , Banerjee Prerana , Ranjithvishal  , Laavanyaa Shruthi , Nithindran Sudharshan
Published: October 2022

There is a continuous generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in erythrocytes due to their microenvironment. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species are well known as both harmful and beneficial species. They help in activating the antioxidant enzymes. However, overproduction of ROS can cause fatal damage to cell structures, including lipids and membranes, proteins and cause oxidative stress. Erythrocytes have effective antioxidant defenses to maintain their structure and functions. They protect these cells from damage and maintain their activities. Studies have reported that antioxidant interventions in various situations have proved beneficial to erythrocytes. Therefore, they can be employed as in vitro models for antioxidant and free radical interactions and also are ideal cell models for translational studies.
Importance of Oxidative Stress Mechanism in Reproductive Functions and Infertility
Authors: Comfort Onaolapo Moyinoluwa , Chibueze Nzekwe Samuel , Okeleji Olabisi Lateef , Oluwaseyi Amos Victor , Hezekiah Ajayi Oluwatobi , Folorunsho Ajayi Ayodeji
Published: October 2022

Oxidative stress (OS) is a term used to describe the homeostatic oxidation-favoring imbalance between the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or other compounds causing oxidative stress and the countering activities/levels of enzymatic or non-enzymatic antioxidants. The role of OS in reproduction cannot be underestimated in neither health nor disease. This chapter focuses on the roles of OS in spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis and male sexual activity, and also its effects in female folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis, ovulation, luteogenesis, and pregnancy. Furthermore, OS’s impact on the efficacy of Artificial Reproductive Techniques (ARTs) was assessed, and the impact of antioxidants on reproductive health and sterility were discussed in both males and females. Through available evidence, it appears that oxidative state impairs reproductive processes and causes general disruptions through inflammation, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, protein alterations and mitochondrial dysfunction. It will be of importance to identify oxidative stress biomarkers specific for each reproductive process, and it seems that more research should be focused on epigenetic characteristics together with oxidative stress in reproductive health and infertility.
Changes in Vitamin B12, Iron, Thyroid Hormones, Thyroid Autoantibodies and Hematological Indices Levels in Patients Suffering from Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Nazmy Mwafy Saleh , Mohammad Afana Wesam , Ali Hejaze Asma’a
Published: October 2022

Helicobacter pylori infection has been recognized as a public health problem worldwide with raising prevalence in developing than the developed countries. More than 50% of the world’s population infected, and 80% of infected have no symptoms. Megaloblastic anemia can occur due to impaired DNA synthesis resulting from deficiencies of vitamin B12 and folate. The development of autoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), thyroglobulin (anti-Tg), and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSH-R) is the main characteristic of autoimmune thyroid disease. H. pylori may decrease absorption of oral thyroxine by decreasing gastric acid secretion in the stomach. H. pylori has important role of in the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases, vitamin B12 deficiency and malfunctions of human. The primary goal of this chapter is to observe association between H. pylori infection in the gastric mucosa and of autoimmune thyroid diseases vitamin B12 deficiency because eradication of H. pylori can prevent the development of complications.
FRACTIONATION AND ASSIMILATION DURING THE FORMATION OF THE DEVONIAN ANTIDROMIC IGNEOUS SERIES OF THE SISIM AREA IN THE MINUSINSK TROUGH: GEOCHEMICAL AND Sr-Nd ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE
Authors: Vorontsov A. A.
Published: October 2022

In the Minusinsk trough, being the large fragment of the Devonian Altai-Sayan rift system, the antidromous series along with the homodromous volcanic series are widespread, sialic rocks with SiO2 content over 65 wt. % being predominant. Abundance of high-silica rocks in these series implies an extensive involvement of crustal igneous sources. However, in contrast to the homodromic series, for which the fractionation of basaltic magmas to trachyte compositions and assimilation processes during the formation of rhyolites are reconstructed, the rocks of the antidromic series are poorly studied in terms of their geochemical and isotope characteristics, which makes it difficult to assess the mechanisms of their formation. This article reports geological, petrographic, geochemical and Sr-Nd isotope characteristics of the igneous series of the Sisim area of the Minusinsk trough, its Early Devonian age is reliably identified by previous researchers, e.g. U-Pb dating by zircon. The X-ray fluorescence and mass spectrometric analyses were used to estimate the material composition. This series is composed of moderately alkaline basalts, dolerites, basaltic trachyandesites, trachyandesites, trachytes, trachydacites, rhyodacites and rhyolites. The intermediate and sialic rocks occur in the lower part of the section, prevailing over mafic rocks. As SiO2 increases in the rocks of the Sisim antidromous series, similarly to the rocks of the homodromous series, the contents of incoherent elements are dispersed, and there is a trend of decreasing εNd and increasing εSr values. This evidence points to a disruption in fractionation resulting from the appearance of anatectic melts, which are close in composition to the upper continental crust. Thus, regardless of the sequence of formation of mafic, intermediate, and sialic rocks and their volume ratios in the homodromous and antidromous series, a combination of fractional crystallization of basaltic magmas and their assimilation of silicate crustal substrates is reconstructed for them.
ISOTOPE COMPOSITION OF CARBON AND OXYGEN IN CALCITES OF ALKALINE ULTRAMAPHIC DYKES WITHIN THE URIK-IYA GRABEN
Authors: Danilova Yu. V. , Savelyeva V. B. , Bazarova E. P. , Danilov B. S. , Ponomarchuk V. A.
Published: October 2022

The isotope composition of carbon and oxygen was studied in calcite of dykes and veins of ultramafic lamprophyres, kimberlite, alkaline mica picrites from the Yarma above-intrusion zone, and pyroxene-free picrites intruding the rocks of the Bolshetagninsky carbonatite massif within the Urik-Iya graben hosted by the East Sayan Mountains. The data on δ13C (from −6.6 to −3.9 ‰ relative to VPDB) disclose the ideas on the mantle origin of the carbonate substance of dykes. High values of δ18O (from +13.9 to +11.8 ‰ relative to VSMOW) suggest the impact of deuteric fluids, i.e. magmatic fluids separated from melts, at later stage of formation of the calcite-bearing alkaline ultramafic rocks.
THE NATURE OF ULTRAMAFIC XENOLITHS IN THE BASALTS OF LANZAROTE ISLAND (CANARY ARCHIPELAGO)
Authors: Krylova V. A. , Gertner I. F. , Gutiérrez-Alonso G.
Published: October 2022

Mineralogical and geochemical study was performed on peridotite xenolith hosted by amygdaline basalts of Lanzarote Island (Canary archipelago). Their modal composition corresponds to harzburgite. Remarkably, the petrographic composition of the rocks is marked by presence of plagioclase. The isochron shows the age of 267±35 Ma, which might be the initial stage of opening a fragment of the Atlantic Ocean. The peridotites were apparently derived in the magmatic chamber formed by "underplating" triggered by interaction of mantle substrate with the lower crust material.
Billedernes vilkår - Interview med Georges Didi-Huberman ved Frédéric Lambert og François Niney
Authors: Busk-Jepsen Karen Benedikte
Published: October 2022

Interviewet er for første gang oversat til dansk af Karen Benedicte Busk-Jepsen.Interviewet blev bragt første gang i MediaMorphoses 22, 2008, pp. 6-17 og siden i Marc Augé, Georges Didi-Hubermann og Umberto Eco: L'expérience des images, Paris, 2011, pp. 81-107.
Billedrummet som et levende atlas i verden En introduktion til Georges Didi-Hubermans billedpolitiske projekt og kuratoriske praksis
Authors: Kjær Michael
Published: October 2022

The Image as a Living Atlas in the World. An Introduction to George Didi-Huberman’s Image Theory Project and Curatorial PracticeThis article delivers both an overview of the ongoing work of art historian Georges Didi-Huberman (b. 1953) and an attempt at analyzing the incarnational conception of images that runs through Didi-Huberman’s image theory. In the Christian tradition, images are the result of an incarnational double-economy. Didi-Huberman’s early interpretations in Fra Angelico, dissemblance et figuration are central to our understanding of this incarnational economy. The visible is capable of entering our flesh; to control this incarnational invasion, Christian tradition has developed a reflexive capacity to read these invasions as images in acts of exegesis. This reflexive exegetical economy is pivotal for Didi-Huberman’s political position regarding our modern use and abuse of images. Confronted with Pier Paolo Pasolini’s conviction that we live in a fascistic state of emergency that blinds our senses with total illumination, Didi-Huberman insists in believing that the described reflexive double-economy is still enabling us to let the visible enter our bodies and light up the darkness of our flesh from within as images – thereby developing our imagination and freeing us from the deadening total image that is fascism.
Hvorfor vi taler skandinavisk
Authors: Haberland Hartmut
Published: October 2022

Se kort indholdsbeskrivelse i nummerets forord.
Den Europæiske Sprogportfolio
Authors: Little David , Dam Leni
Published: October 2022

Se kort indholdsbeskrivelse i nummerets forord.
Tyskland og verden
Authors: Jessing Tanja , Dideriksen Anne-Sofie
Published: October 2022

Se kort indholdsbeskrivelse i nummerets forord.
"... rare mennesker, som jeg først lærte at kende i Danmark"
Authors: Pinkert Ernst-Ullrich
Published: October 2022

Se kort indholdsbeskrivelse i nummerets forord.
Den fjerne mundtlighed
Authors: Christensen Bjarne
Published: October 2022

Se kort indholdsbeskrivelse i nummerets forord.
Alle mennesker har ret til et sprog - døve har ret til tegnsprog!
Authors: Møller Dorte
Published: October 2022

Se kort indholdsbeskrivelse i nummerets forord.
Anmeldelse af Opgave og tekst
Authors: Rasmussen Lise Bruun
Published: October 2022

Anmeldelse:Nanna Bjargum, Hanne Geist, Merete Vonsbæk: Opgave og tekst, Tyskforlaget 2003.
Sprogpolitik, sprogdidaktik, sprogfaglighed: hvad med sprog i fremtiden?
Authors: Andersen Hanne Leth
Published: October 2022

Se kort indholdsbeskrivelse i nummerets forord.
Sprog til hjemme- og udebane
Authors: Haarder Peter
Published: October 2022

Findes der godt og dårligt sprog? Skal man udtale sig om hvilke sproglige valg folk skal træffe? De fleste professionelle sprogfolk vil krybe uden om sådanne spørgsmål og i stedet pointere at alle sprog (og alle menneskers sprog) er lige gode. Det er en vigtig pointe – men det er ikke (længere) et godt nok svar på den normative udfordring. (...)
Om sprogforandring i virkelig tid
Authors: Gregersen Frans
Published: October 2022

D. 16. september 2005 åbnede Danmarks Grundforskningsfonds Center for Socio- lingvistiske Sprogforandringsstudier, eller mere mundret: Sprogforandringscentret (www.dgcss.dk). Formålet med centret er at undersøge hvordan sprog forandrer sig og hvorfor.

Danmark er som sprogsamfund meget velegnet som sociolingvistisk laboratorium. Landet er af overskuelig størrelse, det er veldokumenteret både sprogvidenskabeligt, historisk og sociologisk, og der er gennemført en række undersøgelser af dansk tale- sprog i dets variationer, både geografisk og socialt. Alt dette gør det oplagt at bruge Danmark som udgangspunkt for at svare på grundlæggende spørgsmål om hvordan sproglig variation og sprogforandring hænger sammen. (...)
Multietnolekt da capo
Authors: Quist Pia
Published: October 2022

I 1998 opsøgte jeg et gymnasium og to ungdomsklubber i København for at under- søge om der kunne registreres nye talesprogsvarieteter blandt unge i sprogligt og kulturelt blandede miljøer. På det tidspunkt kendte vi allerede til det stockholmske fænomen rinkebysvensk som Kotsinas havde skrevet om så tidligt som 1988. Kotsinas’ tilgang til rinkebysvensk var på mange måder sociolingvistens og dialektologens. Hun argumenterede for at de unges sprog i Stockholm-forstaden Rinkeby kunne betragtes som en ny svensk dialekt, og hun viste at der ikke var tale om dårligt tilegnet svensk, men om en ungdomsvarietet som burde betragtes på lige fod med andre svenske dialekter. (...)
Med Klafki i Irland
Authors: Libenholt Helle
Published: October 2022

I studieåret 1999/2000 blev der på Odense Seminarium afholdt en seminarieintern studiekreds med udgangspunkt i Wolfgang Klafkis tænkning om kritisk-konstruk- tiv didaktik. Studiekredsen blev gæstet af diverse forelæsere, heriblandt Klafki selv. Sideløbende hermed var vi otte undervisere ved seminariet – med otte forskellige fag – der deltog i et udviklingsarbejde, hvis formål var at eksemplificere Klafkis teo- rier ud fra forskellige faglige synspunkter samt at tænke Klafki ind i fagfagene. Et af de overordnede formål var at bygge bro mellem fagdidaktik og almen didaktik, ikke blot fagligt-teoretisk, men også fysisk-konkret på seminariet. Derudover var det et formål at sætte dannelse og ikke blot uddannelse på dagsordenen ved at indkredse faglige muligheder for at fastholde dialektikken mellem det objektive – indholdet – og det subjektive – den lærende. (...)
Etnografi i sprogundervisningen – et blik på sproglig variation
Authors: Quist Pia
Published: October 2022

I Undervisningsministeriets lærervejledning vedrørende Almen Sprogforståelse i gymnasiet hedder det bl.a.:

Alt i alt må det være et vigtigt mål for kursets bevidsthedsdel, at der skabes orga- nisk forbindelse mellem den sproglige kompetence, eleverne i forvejen besidder, og den begrebstilegnelse, som kurset sigter mod, således at den erhvervede viden opleves som en perspektivering og bevidstgørelse af elevernes eget sprog snarere end som noget, der er fremmed og uden for dem selv. (...)
Teamundervisning i Almen Sprogforståelse
Authors: Thielke Pernille , Stefansen Christina , Schjørring Maren Aarup
Published: October 2022

På Ordrup Gymnasium er faget Almen Sprogforståelse blevet varetaget af et team på tre lærere pr. klasse. Denne artikel beskriver baggrunden for denne organisering, selve forløbet og de efterfølgende overvejelser. (...)
Differentiering og kreativitet i det elektroniske asynkrone læringsrum
Authors: Ambjørn Lone
Published: October 2022

På ASB følger de studerende de første tre semestre på BA-studiet i spansk et kursus i samtalefærdighed. Siden 2002 har jeg arbejdet med en omlægning af en del af dette fag fra det traditionelle fysiske læringsrum til det elektroniske rum, som på ASB udgøres af platformen CampusNet. Motivationen bag denne omlægning, som fort- sat er i gang, er et ønske om at skabe så optimal en grad af differentiering som muligt, hvilket efter mine erfaringer er en umulighed i det fysiske rum alene. (...)
Dansk på mobilen
Authors: Rybner Lene , Bo-Kristensen Mads
Published: October 2022

Mobile medier som mobiltelefoner, håndholdte computere og mp3-afspillere i dansk som andetsprog er blevet en del af mange voksnes hverdag. I denne artikel giver vi et bud på, hvad m-læring er, og hvilke potentialer m-læring har. Til brug her- for inddrager vi begreberne ‘m-læringsværkstøjer’, ‘m-lærings- materialer’ og ‘m-læringsscenarier’. Artiklens eksempler er hentet fra dansk som andetsprog for voksne. (...)
Sproglæring uden for klasseværelset
Authors: Thomsen Iben Schelde , Blåstedt Jette
Published: October 2022

Der er meget, der tyder på, at deltagelse i hverdagssamtaler med danskere eller dansktalende er den bedste måde at udvikle talefærdighed på, og at talesproget skal trænes meget og ofte, hvis det skal udvikles (Brouwer, 2001). På Syddansk Univer- sitet (SDU) har vi udstyret vores udvekslingsstuderende, som skal lære dansk, med minidisk-optagere for at skabe mulighed for og motivere dem til at føre samtaler på dansk uden for klasseværelset. Kort sagt går det ud på, at de studerende i samtaler uden for klassen afprøver og anvender de færdigheder, som vi har arbejdet med i undervisningen. Samtalerne optages på minidisk. Ved at lytte til de studerendes optagelser kan læreren så følge de studerendes sproglige udvikling samt give tilbage- melding (feedback) på deres præstationer. (...)
Sigtet med en sproglov
Authors: Heltoft Lars
Published: October 2022

Man kappes om at beskytte det danske sprog for tiden. Modersmålskredsen udsen- der fra marts et sprogtidsskrift hvis erklærede linje er den evige puristiske med krav om at dansk skal forblive uforandret og beskyttes mod en udvikling der indebærer (vi citerer) “banale udtalevanskeligheder, forståelses- eller bøjningsfejl på femteklasse- niveau og ikke mindst afvikling af danske ord til fordel for (overflødige) engelske” (e-mail rundsendt af Modersmålskredsen d. 13.3.2007). Lidt mindre begrebsfor- virring er der i et lovforslag under behandling i Folketinget som pålægger regerin- gen at forberede en dansk sproglov hvis formål er “at sikre en sammenhængende dansk sprogpolitik, der kan bidrage til styrkelse og udvikling af det danske sprog som et komplet og samfundsbærende sprog”. Bemærkningerne til lovforslaget er, for så vidt de henviser til Dansk Sprognævns forslag til retningslinjer for en dansk sprogpolitik (Nyt fra Sprognævnet 2003, nr. 2), mindre pinlige end man kunne have frygtet i et sproglovsforslag fremsat af Søren Krarup & Co. (...)
Fremmedsprogspædagogik – prototypen på interkulturel pædagogik?
Authors: Kristensen Elsie
Published: October 2022

Det smukkeste eksempel på interkulturel pædagogik, jeg kender, er the West-Eastern Divan Orchestra, som israeleren Daniel Barenboim og hans arabiske ven Edward Saïd skabte i 1999. I en artikel i Le Monde 19. august 2006 skriver Barenboim, at de med orkestret har skabt et sted, hvor unge musikere fra Israel og Palæstina og andre arabiske lande kan udtrykke sig frit og åbent og lytte til den andens beret- ning. Og han fortsætter: Det drejer sig ikke nødvendigvis om at acceptere den andens beretning, ikke engang om at anerkende den. Det drejer sig om at anerkende dens legitimitet (min kursivering og oversættelse). (...)
Ikke et ord om minoritetssprog
Authors: Nielsen Helle Lykke
Published: October 2022

Svensk sprogpolitik anfører at alle har ret til et sprog, herunder “at udvikle og bruge sit eget modersmål og nationale minoritetssprog” (Bästa sproget, sammenfatnin- gen, s.1). I praksis betyder det at der skal udgives flere børne- og ungdomsbøger på andre sprog end svensk, laves et børnebogskatalog over bøger på minoritetssprog, og lægges vægt på modersmålsundervisning og svensk som andetsprog. Norsk sprogpolitik konstaterer at Norge “i endnu højere grad end i dag vil være et multi- etnisk og mangesproget samfund”, og at norsk [ikke] må ..... true og fortrænge minoritetssprog (...) fra de domæner, hvor de har deres retmæssige plads og funk- tion” (Norsk i hundre, sammenfatning, s.1). (...)
Børne- og ungdomslitteratur i læreruddannelsens fremmedsprogs- undervisning – nogle projekter
Authors: Aarøe Karen , Laursen Jette
Published: October 2022

Selvfølgelig skal vi læse børne- og ungdomslitteratur i sprogfagene i læreruddannel- sen, vil de fleste nok mene – kan man overhovedet undlade det? Ja, det kan man, for rent faktisk nævnes børne- og ungdomslitteraturen end ikke specifikt i CKF’erne (Centrale kundskabs- og færdighedsområder) for linjefagene engelsk, tysk og fransk i læreruddannelsen. Ikke desto mindre giver det meget god mening i et professionsrettet perspektiv at læse børne- og ungdomslitteratur med de kom- mende sproglærere. De skal jo undervise samme målgruppe, som børne- og ung- domslitteraturen henvender sig til. I det følgende vil vi give eksempler på de sprog- lige, faglige og didaktiske potentialer i børne- og ungdomslitteratur med særligt henblik på engelsk- og tyskundervisningen. Derudover vil vi kort skitsere, hvilke mål vi har med læsningen af børne- og ungdomslitteratur i linjefagsundervisningen i læreruddannelsen. (...)
Bevidsthed om diversitet og respekt for forskellighed
Authors: Forsman Liselott
Published: October 2022

Finland har to nationalsprog, finsk og svensk, og begge sproggrupper har deres egne skoler inden for det samme uddannelsessystem. Svensk er modersmål for 5,6% af befolkningen. Derudover er Finland et homogent samfund når vi ser på den relativt lave andel af repræsentanter for andre nationaliteter. Selv om tiderne skifter, kan Finland af i dag således stadig kaldes et i det store og hele modernistisk samfund, især i forhold til samfundets relative homogenitet. Men samtidig har vores elever og studerende behov for at være i stand til at interagere både lokalt og globalt, også i mere postmoderne omgivelser. (...)
Professionsbegrebets mangfoldighed
Authors: Weber Kirsten
Published: October 2022

Offentligt ansatte, herunder sproglærere, udsættes i disse år for professionsoprust- ning; det sker bl.a., fordi professionsbegrebet af vores faglige organisationer anven- des som modsvar til regeringens kvalitets- og effektivitetsstandarder.
Folkeskolelærere i et kampfelt mellem faglighed og politik – uddannelsespolitik og professionalisering
Authors: Kristjánsdóttir Bergthóra S.
Published: October 2022

I denne artikel vil jeg gøre rede for sammenhængen mellem udviklingen af curricu- lære tekster til folkeskolens undervisning af tosprogede elever og professionalisering på området. (...)
Anmeldelser af 3 bøger
Authors: Jeremiassen Lise , Risager Karen , Schønning Jette Guldborg , Hatami-Rezania Anne-Marie
Published: October 2022

Karen Risager, 2007. Language and Culture Pedagogy: From a National to a Transnational Paradigm. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. 270 sider.

Celia Roberts et al. (2001), Language Learners as Ethnographers, Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. 266 sider.

Karen Lund, Ellen Bertelsen og Marianne Søgaard Sørensen (2006): Muligheder og barrierer – en undersøgelse af overgangen mellem sprogcentre og erhvervsrettede uddannelser. Ministeriet for Flygtninge, Indvandrere og Integration. 253 s.
Romani: anerkendt mindretalssprog mange steder i Europa, men ikke i Danmark
Authors: Bakker Peter
Published: October 2022

Romani er det sprog, der tales af et flertal af verdens romaer, også kendt som sigøj- nere, sandsynligvis af mere end fem millioner i verden, og af nogle tusinde i Dan- mark. (...)
Engelsk i grundskolen
Authors: Lacey Frank
Published: October 2022

Engelsk har det alt i alt godt på grundskoleniveau, mens det samme ikke kan siges om de øvrige fremmedsprog. (...)
Tysk holder vejret
Authors: Bjerre Kirsten
Published: October 2022

Tysk på læreruddannelsen trues for mig at se i øjeblikket af tre ting:

Ny læreruddannelse

Sammenlægning af CVU’erne til professionshøjskoler

Faldende optag på læreruddannelsen (...)
Afstande mellem sprog
Authors: Spellerberg Stine Marie
Published: October 2022

Når vi skal lære et nyt sprog, er der en række faktorer der har betydning for, hvor let eller svært det er at lære det nye sprog. Det afhænger blandt andet af motivation, hvor meget kontakt vi har med det nye sprog, læse- og skrivefærdigheder i det/de sprog vi allerede kan m.m. (...)
Internationalisering i grundskolen – kun for ildsjæle?
Authors: Christensen Lisa Holden
Published: October 2022

Temanummerets kronik
Kultur er sprog og sprog er kultur
Authors: Wikkelsø Erik
Published: October 2022

Denne artikel sætter fokus på kultursynet i læreplanen for tysk fort- sættersprog A med udgangspunkt i formuleringen af de kompeten- cekrav, der er knyttet til beskrivelsen af fagets identitet, formål, fag- lige mål, kernestof og didaktiske principper.
Bakker og udale
Authors: Gimbel Jørgen
Published: October 2022

Mange erfarne lærere beretter om, at tosprogede elever, som tilsyneladende klarer sig godt i de første skoleår, ofte får faglige vanskeligheder, når de kommer i 5.-6. klasse.Tilsvarende erfaringer har man gjort...
At tage udgangspunkt i det kendte – om brug af modersmålet ved tilegnelsen af et nyt sprog
Authors: Holmen Anne
Published: October 2022

I grundskolens fremmedsprogsundervisning tages det i dag for givet, at en aktivering af...