bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parameters in lock-in thermography of CFRP laminates
Authors: Myrach Philipp , Maierhofer Christiane , Rahammer Markus , Kreutzbruck Marc
Published: January 2016

Active thermography with lock-in excitation is a nondestructive testing method that is also feasible for testing of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP). For validating the method extensive investigations were done during a research project in order to advance a standardization process. The most important parameters of optical and ultrasonic excitation thermography were investigated. For example, the appropriate selection of spectral sensitivity of the used infrared camera systems is important for recording undisturbed thermal signals. Regarding excitation, influences of excitation power and ultrasonic frequency were studied. Furthermore, material parameters such as CFRP layup are known for strongly affecting the results of measurement.
Optimization of thin-wall structures using hybrid gravitational search and Nelder-Mead algorithm
Authors: Yıldız Ali Rıza , Kurtuluş Enes , Demirci Emre , Yıldız Betul Sultan , Karagöz Selçuk
Published: January 2016

In literature, a lot of research works have been presented on crashworthiness in order to develop crash performance of vehicles and thin-wall structures. In this research, a new hybrid optimization algorithm based on gravitational search algorithm and Nelder-Mead algorithm is introduced to improve crash performance of vehicles during frontal impact. The results show that the hybrid approach is very effective to develop crash performance of the vehicle components and thin-wall structures.
Hydrogen storage thermodynamics and kinetics of LaMg11Ni + x wt.% Ni (x = 100, 200) alloys synthesized by mechanical milling
Authors: Zhang Yanghuan , Jia Zhichao , Yuan Zeming , Qi Yan , Hou Zhonghui , Zhao Dongliang
Published: January 2016

LaMg11Ni + x wt.% Ni (x = 100, 200) composite hydrogen storage alloys with a nanocrystalline/amorphous structure were synthesized using ball milling technology. The effects of Ni content and milling time on hydrogen storage thermodynamics and dynamics of the alloys were investigated systematically. The hydrogen desorption properties were assessed using a Sieverts apparatus and differential scanning calorimetry. The thermodynamic parameters for the hydrogen absorption and desorption were calculated using the Van't Hoff equation. The hydrogen desorption activation energies of the hydrogenated alloys were also estimated by Arrhenius and Kissinger methods. Results indicate that the amount of Ni added has no effect on the thermodynamics of the alloys, but it significantly improves their absorption and desorption kinetics. Furthermore, the milling time has a great influence on the hydrogen storage properties. To be specific, the hydrogen absorption capacities reach the maximum values with the variation of milling time, and the hydrogen desorption activation energy obviously decreases with increasing milling time.
Pemphigus diseases in a tertiary care hospital: epidemiology and clinical profile
Authors: Khondker Lubna , Khan Md Sirajul Islam , Sultana Abida , Bhuiyan Md Saiful Islam
Published: January 2016

This cross-sectional study was done to evaluate the pattern of patients suffering from pemphigus disease attending in the department of Dermatology and Venereology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh from 2006 to 2010. Thirty patients of pemphigus diagnosed clinically and confirmed by histopathology and immunology, were included in the study. Among the thirty patients, 18(60%) had pemphigus vulgaris. Among the patients of pemphigus foliaceus, 13.33% patients were in the age group of 30-45 years, among the patients of pemphigus erythematosus, 6.67% patients were in the age group of 30-45 years and among the patients of paraneoplastic pemphigus, 3.33% patients were in the age group of 46-60 years. Among the different varieties of pemphigus, highest 66.67% had the disease duration of 1 to 6 months. Male were more than female. Highest 76.50 % showed both mucosal and skin involvement as initial clinical presentation. In future, this study should be carried out on a large scale with prolong period, large sample size and in different hospitals in Bangladesh.Bangladesh Med J. 2014 Sep; 43 (3): 138-140
Congenital toxoplasmosis associated with severe intracerebral calcification and West syndrome
Authors: Kundu Gopen Kumar , Nandi Eva Rani , Saha Anamika , Habib Ahsan , Rahman Md Mizanur
Published: January 2016

Most children with congenital toxoplasmosis is an embryo foetopathy. It has been described all over congenital toxoplasmosis are developmentally normal1 but up to four percent die or have evidence of permanent neurological damage or bilateral visual impairment during the first years of age2,3 It is in this context that West syndrome can develop, and may be defined as a triad of menifestations infantile spasm and developmental delay and hypsrrythmic patern of EEG.4 Here this treatable and academic case, congenital toxoplasmosis & West syndrome was reported.Bangladesh Med J. 2014 Sep; 43 (3): 165-167
Your heart will go nuts for peanuts
Authors: Adhikary Minati
Published: January 2016

Abstract not availableBangladesh Med J. 2014 Sep; 43 (3): 177-178
Potential 'universal' blood test for cancer discovered
Authors: Helal Ahsan Habib
Published: January 2016

Abstract not availableBangladesh Med J. 2014 Sep; 43 (3): 179
Preclinical Activity of the Vascular Disrupting Agent OXi4503 against Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Bothwell Katelyn , Folaron Margaret , Seshadri Mukund
Published: January 2016

Vascular disrupting agents (VDAs) represent a relatively distinct class of agents that target established blood vessels in tumors. In this study, we examined the preclinical activity of the second-generation VDA OXi4503 against human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Studies were performed in subcutaneous and orthotopic FaDu-luc HNSCC xenografts established in immunodeficient mice. In the subcutaneous model, bioluminescence imaging (BLI) along with tumor growth measurements was performed to assess tumor response to therapy. In mice bearing orthotopic tumors, a dual modality imaging approach based on BLI and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was utilized. Correlative histologic assessment of tumors was performed to validate imaging data. Dynamic BLI revealed a marked reduction in radiance within a few hours of OXi4503 administration compared to baseline levels. However, this reduction was transient with vascular recovery observed at 24 h post treatment. A single injection of OXi4503 (40 mg/kg) resulted in a significant (p < 0.01) tumor growth inhibition of subcutaneous FaDu-luc xenografts. MRI revealed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in volume of orthotopic tumors at 10 days post two doses of OXi4503 treatment. Corresponding histologic (H&E) sections of Oxi4503 treated tumors showed extensive areas of necrosis and hemorrhaging compared to untreated controls. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report, on the activity of Oxi4503 against HNSCC. These results demonstrate the potential of tumor-VDAs in head and neck cancer. Further examination of the antivascular and antitumor activity of Oxi4503 against HNSCC alone and in combination with chemotherapy and radiation is warranted.
Extent and Area of Swidden in Montane Mainland Southeast Asia: Estimation by Multi-Step Thresholds with Landsat-8 OLI Data
Authors: Li Peng , Feng Zhiming
Published: January 2016

Information on the distribution, area and extent of swidden agriculture landscape is necessary for implementing the program of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD), biodiversity conservation and local livelihood improvement. To our knowledge, explicit spatial maps and accurate area data on swidden agriculture remain surprisingly lacking. However, this traditional farming practice has been transforming into other profit-driven land use, like tree plantations and permanent cash agriculture. Swidden agriculture is characterized by a rotational and dynamic nature of agroforestry, with land cover changing from natural forests, newly-cleared swiddens to different-aged fallows. The Operational Land Imager (OLI) onboard the Landsat-8 satellite has visible, near-infrared and shortwave infrared bands, which are sensitive to the changes in vegetation cover, land surface moisture content and soil exposure, and therefore, four vegetation indices (VIs) were calculated, including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI), the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) and the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI). In this study, we developed a multi-step threshold approach that uses a combination of thresholds of four VIs and local elevation range (LER) and applied it to detect and map newly-opened swiddens and different-aged fallows using OLI imagery acquired between 2013 and 2015. The resultant Landsat-derived swidden agriculture maps have high accuracy with an overall accuracy of 86.9% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.864. The results of this study indicated that the Landsat-based multi-step threshold algorithms could potentially be applied to monitor the long-term change pattern of swidden agriculture in montane mainland Southeast Asia since the late 1980s and also in other tropical regions, like insular Southeast Asia, South Asia, Latin America and Central Africa, where swidden agriculture is still common.
Seasonal Characterization of Solar Radiation Estimates Obtained from a MSG-SEVIRI-Derived Dataset and a RAMS-Based Operational Forecasting System over the Western Mediterranean Coast
Authors: Gómez Igor , Caselles Vicente , Estrela María
Published: January 2016

Solar radiation is a key factor in the Earth’s energy balance and it is used as a crucial input parameter in many disciplines such as ecology, agriculture, solar energy and hydrology. Thus, accurate information of the global downward surface shortwave flux integration into the grid is of significant importance. From the different strategies used for grid integration of the surface solar radiation estimates, satellite-derived and numerical weather prediction forecasts are two interesting alternatives. In the current work, we present a comprehensive evaluation of the global downward solar radiation forecasts provided by the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) and the Downwelling Surface Shortwave Flux (DSSF) product, derived from the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI). Both solar radiation estimates are compared to thirteen ground-based weather station measurements for the winter 2010–2011 and the summer 2011 seasons. For these periods, the most recent versions of RAMS (4.4 and 6.0) were running in parallel within the real-time weather forecasting system implemented over the Valencia Region. The solar radiation performance and accuracy are evaluated for these datasets segmented into two atmospheric conditions (clear and cloudy skies) and two terrain classes (flat and hilly). DSSF shows a very good agreement over the study area. Statistical daily evaluations show that corresponding errors vary between seasons, with absolute bias ranging from −30 to 40 W·m−2, absolute root mean square errors (RMSE) from 25 to 60 W·m−2, relative bias ranging from −11% to 7% and relative RMSE from 7% to 22%, depending on the sky condition and the terrain location as well, thus reproducing the observations more faithfully than RAMS, which produces higher errors in comparison to the measurements. In this regard, statistical daily evaluations show absolute bias values varying from −50 to 160 W·m−2, absolute RMSE from 60 to 240 W·m−2, relative bias ranging from −30% to 40% and relative RMSE from 10% to 80%, also depending on the daily initialization and the forecast horizon. This bias variability demonstrates that there is a different trend in the deviation of the model results in relation to the observations, both for the DSSF product and RAMS forecasts, and considering the summer and the winter seasons independently. In this regard, although there is an overestimation of the observed solar radiation within the summer months, this magnitude is underestimated during the winter. Finally, comparing this solar radiation estimates for different atmospheric conditions and different terrain classes, the best results are found under clear skies over flat terrain. This result is achieved using both methodologies.
Le programme iconographique du temple d’Udayeśvara à Udayapur, Madhya Pradesh, XIe siècle
Authors: Tichit Doria
Published: January 2016

In the village of Udayapur stands the Udayeśvara temple, the construction of which was completed by the end of the 11th century in the reign of the Paramāra king Udayāditya. The temple, one of the earliest remaining Bhūmija temples, is embellished with an abundance of sculpture. This article focuses on the deities on the walls. It is an attempt to analyse the iconographic programme in order to appreciate what is presented to the devotee who comes to worship the god Śiva. The choice of themes represented and their arrangement underline the oscillation between adhesion to the artistic tradition and innovation. The consideration of the distribution of the images on the different parts of the building and the recognition of the principle of paring deities, based on strong thematic and iconographic affinities, lead to the appreciation of the organisation of the divine court. The mise en scène of the divine results from a great elaboration which emphasises the interaction between sculpture and architecture in the creation of a place dedicated to the meeting of the devotee and the revered deity.
Singularités architecturales du cimetière impérial des Xixia : le monument funéraire
Authors: Zhang-Goldberg Diane
Published: January 2016

The Xixia (Western Xia) imperial necropolis, nestled against the Helan Mountains, lies about 35 km west of Yinchuan, the present capital of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China. The necropolis contains the tombs of nine emperors of the Xixia dynasty (1038-1227) and more than 200 auxiliary tombs. Each imperial tomb comprises several constructions, including an imposing solid mound originally resembling a pagoda. In addition to having a distinctive shape, the monument is built in the north-western part of the inner precinct of the tomb and not at its centre. Furthermore, and most surprisingly, it does not indicate the location of the underground chamber, for it is not placed directly on top of the latter. These features have never been observed in traditional Chinese imperial funerary architecture, nor in those of other bordering states. The paucity of information about these singularities led to our current research, which is focused on an architectural analysis of the xixia imperial tombs. By integrating religious and political considerations into our interpretation, we seek to reveal the influences at work in the conception of this necropolis and the choice of its location. Our analysis also assesses the extent and the originality of the Tangut contribution.
Quelques noms du vocabulaire de géographie agraire du Limousin
Authors: Perrier Antoine
Published: January 2016

Définition de termes limousins qui concertent les lieux de peuplement (age, mas, place, pouge, puy), les bâtiments d'exploitation (aire, ayrial, barge, borde, escure, grange), des terres (besse, chadan, chambon, clos, coudert, estiado, étouille, froid, fromentail, lèze, ribière, retadis) ; des prés (bouige, gautier, guierie, lavade, paisse, pâtural, pêcherie, pra, sagne, séchère).
La carte de morphologie glaciaire des Pyrénées au 1/50 000. Feuilles de Foix et de Vicdessos. (Deux planches hors-texte.)
Authors: Taillefer François
Published: January 2016

Commentaire d'un extrait des deux premières feuilles de la carte, représentant principalement les massifs primaires de la Zone axiale de PAriège. Les premiers cirques glaciaires apparaissent à partir de 1 500 m en exposition N ou NE sur le massif de l'Arize, 1 700 m sur le massif des Trois-Seigneurs et 1 800 m sur le massif de Tabe. L'étude des dépôts glaciaires ne permet de déceler qu'un seul stade sur le massif le moins élevé, celui de l'Arize (1 716 m), mais en révèle trois sur les deux autres massifs dont l'altitude est plus grande (2 199 et 2 368 m).
Un quartier insuffisamment équipé : le Faubourg Bonnefoy à Toulouse
Authors: Abribat François
Published: January 2016

Le Faubourg Bonnefoy, à Toulouse, est surtout peuplé d'ouvriers et d'employés, notamment des cheminots. La plus grande partie de la population active travaille à l'extérieur du quartier. Le paysage urbain, très hétérogène, témoigne d'une croissance anarchique sous forme de lotissements mal contrôlés par les pouvoirs publics. Aussi, ce quartier est-il mal équipé. Trop de rues sont sans revêtement, les services publics sont insuffisants (écoles, transports en commun, P. T. T. etc), les espaces verts et les places sont à peu près inexistants. Le nombre de commerces est élevé, mais leur répartition est peu rationnelle, et leur niveau d'équipement souvent archaïque.
LAUNCHING COSMIC-RAY-DRIVEN OUTFLOWS FROM THE MAGNETIZED INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM
Authors: Girichidis Philipp , Naab Thorsten , Walch Stefanie , Hanasz Michał , Low Mordecai-Mark Mac , Ostriker Jeremiah P. , Gatto Andrea , Peters Thomas , Wünsch Richard , Glover Simon C. O. , Klessen Ralf S. , Clark Paul C. , Baczynski Christian
Published: January 2016

We present a hydrodynamical simulation of the turbulent, magnetized, supernova (SN)-driven interstellar medium (ISM) in a stratified box that dynamically couples the injection and evolution of cosmic rays (CRs) and a self-consistent evolution of the chemical composition. CRs are treated as a relativistic fluid in the advection–diffusion approximation. The thermodynamic evolution of the gas is computed using a chemical network that follows the abundances of H+, H, H2, CO, C+, and free electrons and includes (self-)shielding of the gas and dust. We find that CRs perceptibly thicken the disk with the heights of 90% (70%) enclosed mass reaching

(

). The simulations indicate that CRs alone can launch and sustain strong outflows of atomic and ionized gas with mass loading factors of order unity, even in solar neighborhood conditions and with a CR energy injection per SN of

, 10% of the fiducial thermal energy of an SN. The CR-driven outflows have moderate launching velocities close to the midplane (

) and are denser (ρ ∼ 10−24–10−26 g cm−3), smoother, and colder than the (thermal) SN-driven winds. The simulations support the importance of CRs for setting the vertical structure of the disk as well as the driving of winds.
GAMMA-RAY BURSTS FROM MAGNETIC RECONNECTION: VARIABILITY AND ROBUSTNESS OF LIGHT CURVES
Authors: Granot Jonathan
Published: January 2016

The dissipation mechanism that powers gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) remains uncertain almost half a century after their discovery. The two main competing mechanisms are the extensively studied internal shocks and the less studied magnetic reconnection. Here we consider GRB emission from magnetic reconnection accounting for the relativistic bulk motions that it produces in the jet's bulk rest frame. Far from the source the magnetic field is almost exactly normal to the radial direction, suggesting locally quasi-spherical thin reconnection layers between regions of oppositely directed magnetic field. We show that if the relativistic motions in the jet's frame are confined to such a quasi-spherical uniform layer, then the resulting GRB light curves are independent of their direction distribution within this layer. This renders previous results for a delta-function velocity-direction distribution applicable to a much more general class of reconnection models, which are suggested by numerical simulations. Such models that vary in their velocity-direction distribution differ mainly in the size of the bright region that contributes most of the observed flux at a given emission radius or observed time. The more sharply peaked this distribution, the smaller this bright region, and the stronger the light curve variability that may be induced by deviations from a uniform emission over the thin reconnection layer, which may be expected in a realistic GRB outflow. This is reflected both in the observed image at a given observed time and in the observer-frame emissivity map at a given emission radius, which are calculated here for three simple velocity-direction distributions.
« Gatekeeping » maternel : réflexion et observation
Authors: Frascarolo-Moutinot France , Scaiola Lavanchy Chloé , Favez Nicolas
Published: January 2016

Le gatekeeping maternel, soit l’ensemble des croyances et des comportements maternels qui visent à restreindre, ou au contraire à favoriser, l’accès du père aux tâches domestiques et familiales, sera d’abord décrit. Puis les liens entre le gatekeeping et d’autres aspects des interactions familiales seront développés. Ensuite, des descriptions de comportements de gatekeeping observés dans la situation du Jeu du Pique-Nique seront présentées. Enfin, une brève réflexion sur le rôle des professionnels face à ce phénomène clora cet article.
L’EMDR – Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing – au service de la thérapie systémique
Authors: Dellucci Hélène , Tarquinio Cyril
Published: January 2016

Lorsqu’il y a présence de traumatismes, la thérapie par la parole uniquement ne suffit pas. Dans ce cas, il est nécessaire de prendre en compte la physiologie et l’attention portée sur le corps, pour les inclure dans le processus thérapeutique. L’EMDR permet non seulement de gagner en efficacité auprès des personnes directement touchées, mais se révèle également utile pour assainir la dimension relationnelle. Reconnue efficace pour s’affranchir de traumatismes et bien au-delà, cette approche se structure aujourd’hui à travers un protocole précis qui trouve une application utile à de nombreuses problématiques. Cet article a pour but de faire connaissance avec la thérapie EMDR, et un cas clinique viendra illustrer son application dans le cadre d’une thérapie de couple. Il se clôturera par une réflexion sur la manière d’intégrer la thérapie EMDR dans une approche psychothérapeutique systémique et centrée compétences.
Nanotechnology, Long Waves, and Future of Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Tuncel Cem Okan , Polat Ayda
Published: January 2016

This study concerns the long wave theory of capitalist development with an aim to discuss and analyze the impact of nanotechnology on manufacturing industry. Long wave theory was asserted by Russian economist Kondratieff and it states the capitalist development with subsequent cycles which last 40 to 60 years each. The theory of Kondratieff was also contributed by other scholars as Schumpeter, Freeman, and Perez. Our research attempts to review how nanotechnology contributes economic growth, and how it changes the structure of manufacturing industry at the eve of the sixth Kondratieff wave. This structure was examined by using comparative case study of European Union, East Asian Newly Industrialized Countries and Middle East and North African (MENA) countries.
Recasting Strategic Opportunities and Challenges for Development in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Park Hun Joo
Published: January 2016

Thanks in part to the current world economy's high demand for oil, Saudi Arabia's economy is cruising along at the present time; however, to make such a growth or development sustainable in the long term requires a transformation of the economy from a heavily oil-dependent one to a more diversified, self-sustaining and private sector-driven economy. Thus, this article focuses on the underlying structural, social and institutional problems or reform challenges of the economy. In so doing, the present article critically examines Saudi Arabia's economic development model, while crisply reassessing the government's recent major policy responses to its development opportunities and challenges. And it offers some tentative suggestions for freshly rethinking about Saudi Arabia's national long-term development strategy and its implementation.
Image and Video Restoration and Enhancement via Sparse Representation
Authors: Kang Li-Wei , Yu Chia-Mu , Lin Chih-Yang , Yeh Chia-Hung
Published: January 2016

The chapter provides a survey of recent advances in image/video restoration and enhancement via spare representation. Images/videos usually unavoidably suffer from noises due to sensor imperfection or poor illumination. Numerous contributions have addressed this problem from diverse points of view. Recently, the use of sparse and redundant representations over learned dictionaries has become one specific approach. One goal here is to provide a survey of advances in image/video denoising via sparse representation. Moreover, to consider more general types of noise, this chapter also addresses the problems about removals of structured/unstructured components (e.g., rain streaks or blocking artifacts) from image/video. Moreover, image/video quality may be degraded from low-resolution due to low-cost acquisition. Hence, this chapter also provides a survey of recently advances in super-resolution via sparse representation. Finally, the conclusion can be drawn that sparse representation techniques have been reliable solutions in several problems of image/video restoration and enhancement.
An Efficient Algorithm for Fast Block Motion Estimation in High Efficiency Video Coding
Authors: Ezhilarasan Murugesan , Nirmal Kumar K. , Thambidurai P.
Published: January 2016

The Motion Estimation is an indispensable module in the design of video encoder. It employs Block Matching algorithm which involves searching a candidate block in the entire search window of the reference frame taking up to 80% of the total video encoding time. In order to increase the efficiency, several Block Matching Algorithms are employed to minimize the computational time involved in block matching. The chapter throws light on an efficient approach to be applied to the existing Block Matching Search techniques in HEVC which outperforms the various Block Matching algorithms. It involves two steps namely – Prediction and Refinement. The prediction step considers two parameters such as the temporal correlation and the direction to predict the MV of the candidate block. Several combinations of the search points are formulated in the refinement step of the algorithm to minimize the search time. The results depict that the Efficient Motion Estimation schemes provide a faster search minimizing the computational time upon comparison with the existing Motion Estimation algorithms.
Object Classification and Tracking in Real Time
Authors: Das Amlan Jyoti , Saikia Navajit , Sarma Kandarpa Kumar
Published: January 2016

Algorithms for automatic processing of visual data have been a topic of interest since the last few decades. Object tracking and classification methods are highly demanding in vehicle traffic control systems, surveillance systems for detecting unauthorized movement of vehicle and human, mobile robot applications, animal tracking, etc. There are still many challenging issues while dealing with dynamic background, occlusion, etc. in real time. This chapter presents an overview of various existing techniques for object detection, classification and tracking. As the most important requirements of tracking and classification algorithms are feature extraction and selection, different feature types are also included.
Color Features and Color Spaces Applications to the Automatic Image Annotation
Authors: Maihami Vafa , Yaghmaee Farzin
Published: January 2016

Nowadays images play a crucial role in different fields such as medicine, advertisement, education and entertainment. Describing images content and retrieving them are important fields in image processing. Automatic image annotation is a process which produces words from a digital image based on the content of this the image by using a computer. In this chapter, after an introduction to neighbor voting algorithm for image annotation, we discuss the applicability of color features and color spaces in automatic image annotation. We discuss the applicability of three color features (color histogram, color moment and color Autocorrelogram) and three color spaces (RGB, HSI and YCbCr) in image annotation. Experimental results, using Corel5k benchmark annotated images dataset, demonstrate that using different color spaces and color features helps to select the best color features and spaces in image annotation area.
Biomedical Imaging Techniques
Authors: Ilangovan Shanmuga Sundari , Mahanty Biswanath , Sen Shampa
Published: January 2016

Biomedical imaging techniques had significantly improved the health care of patients. Image guided therapy has reduced the high risk of human errors with improved accuracy in disease detection and surgical procedures. The chapter provides an overview of existing imaging methods and current imaging approaches and their potential to unravel the challenges in medical field. First part of the chapter picture outs the basic concepts and mechanism of various imaging techniques that are currently in use. The second part explains about the features of image processing system and future trends in image guided therapy extended with a short discussion on radiation exposure in medical imaging. The authors trust the chapter to be beneficial to the beginners in the area of medical science and to the clinicians.
Design of Information Spaces and Retrieval of Information using Electrostatics in Virtual Spaces
Authors: Madhok Vaibhav , Rustagi Navin
Published: January 2016

Humans have a rich awareness of locations and situations that directs how we interpret and interact with our surroundings. The principle aim of this paper is to create ‘Information Spaces' where people will use their awareness to search, browse and learn. In the same way that they navigate in a physical environment, they will navigate through knowledge. An information space is a type of design in which representations of information objects are situated in a principled space. In this chapter we present an architecture based on the principles of electrostatistics, which presents a model for design of information spaces. Our model gives an easy conceptual framework to reason about how information can be represented as well as secure ways of extracting and storing information leading to a design which are easily scalable in virtual team environments.
Strategic Tools and Methods for Promoting Cultural Tourism
Authors: Bujdosó Zoltán , Kovács Gyöngyi , Szűcs Csaba , Rita Nyizsalovszki Domjánné
Published: January 2016

Culture, cultural tourism and experience economy are very common cited terms in the current literature. However these expressions are in close connection with each other, have own meanings and specialties, as well. Furthermore the promotion and selling the culture or cultural tourism are also popular activities and increasingly number of promotion tools appeared in the last decade. The objectives of this chapter are on the one hand to define the complex relations between culture, heritage, geography, tourism, economy and experience economy, on the other hand to get familiar the readers with the newest forms and trends in cultural tourism and experience economy furthermore to give an overview about the current promotion tools of cultural tourism.
Website link Structure Optimization
Authors: Singh Harpreet , Kaur Parminder
Published: January 2016

The structure of a website can be represented in the form of a graph where nodes represent pages and edges represent hyperlinks among those pages. The behaviour of website users changes continuously and hence the link structure of a website should be modified frequently. The problem of optimally rearranging the link structure of a website is known as Website Structure Optimization problem. It falls in the category of combinatorial optimization problems. Many methods have been proposed and developed by the researchers to optimize the web graph structure of a website. In this chapter taxonomy of the website link structure optimization models is presented. The formulation and explanation of the working of the models have also been provided so that the readers could easily understand the methodology used by the models.
The Forgotten: Identification and Functional Characterization of MHC Class II Molecules H2-Eb2 and RT1-Db2
Authors: Monzón-Casanova Elisa , Rudolf Ronald , Starick Lisa , Müller Ingrid , Söllner Christian , Müller Nora , Westphal Nico , Miyoshi-Akiyama Tohru , Uchiyama Takehiko , Berberich Ingolf , Walter Lutz , Herrmann Thomas
Published: January 2016

In this article, we report the complete coding sequence and to our knowledge, the first functional analysis of two homologous nonclassical MHC class II genes: RT1-Db2 of rat and H2-Eb2 of mouse. They differ in important aspects compared with the classical class II β1 molecules: their mRNA expression by APCs is much lower, they show minimal polymorphism in the Ag-binding domain, and they lack N-glycosylation and the highly conserved histidine 81. Also, their cytoplasmic region is completely different and longer. To study and compare them with their classical counterparts, we transduced them in different cell lines. These studies show that they can pair with the classical α-chains (RT1-Da and H2-Ea) and are expressed at the cell surface where they can present superantigens. Interestingly, compared with the classical molecules, they have an extraordinary capacity to present the superantigen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis mitogen. Taken together, our findings suggest that the b2 genes, together with the respective α-chain genes, encode for H2-E2 or RT1-D2 molecules, which could function as Ag-presenting molecules for a particular class of Ags, as modulators of Ag presentation like nonclassical nonpolymorphic class II molecules DM and DO do, or even as players outside the immune system.
Rab12 Regulates Retrograde Transport of Mast Cell Secretory Granules by Interacting with the RILP–Dynein Complex
Authors: Efergan Adi , Azouz Nurit P. , Klein Ofir , Noguchi Kenta , Rothenberg Marc E. , Fukuda Mitsunori , Sagi-Eisenberg Ronit
Published: January 2016

Secretory granule (SG) transport is a critical step in regulated exocytosis including degranulation of activated mast cells. The latter process results in the release of multiple inflammatory mediators that play key roles in innate immunity, as well as in allergic responses. In this study, we identified the small GTPase Rab12 as a novel regulator of mast cell SG transport, and we provide mechanistic insights into its mode of action. We show that Rab12 is activated in a stimulus-dependent fashion and promotes microtubule-dependent retrograde transport of the SGs in the activated cells. We also show that this minus end transport of the SGs is mediated by the RILP–dynein complex and identify RILP as a novel effector of Rab12. Finally, we show that Rab12 negatively regulates mast cell degranulation. Taken together, our results identify Rab12 as a novel regulator of mast cell responses and disclose for the first time, to our knowledge, the mechanism of retrograde transport of the mast cell SGs.
Anastilosis Virtual con Blender: Las Termas del Yacimiento Villa Romana De L’albir (L’alfàs Del Pì, Alicante)
Authors: Fabregat Bolufer Laia , Tejerina Antón Daniel , Molina Vidal Jaime , Frías Carolina
Published: January 2016

As part of the the site musealization "Villa Romana de l'Albir (L'Alfas del Pi, Alicante), a digital reconstruction of the thermal complex of the villa has been produced. The software chosen to create the virtual model is Blender, a powerful set of tools, able to develop all phases of design (modeling, animation, lighting, rendering and video editing). Here we show the results of the thermal complex reconstruction and describe the specific workflow of Blender for virtual reconstruction
of archaeological sites.
Anastilosis de la Scaenae Frons del Teatro Romano de Itálica
Authors: Pinto Puerto Francisco , Guerrero Vega José María , Angulo Fornos Roque
Published: January 2016

Among the actions planned for the conservation and restoration of the Italica theatre, the Archaeological Ensemble has suggested the possibility of reconstructing its scaenae frons through anastylosis, as many of its constituent elements are well-preserved and have been thoroughly studied and analyzed in the last few years. This
paper will use these studies as a starting point to raise some preliminary considerations related to the necessary reversal, not only as pertains to the execution of the works but also to previously conducted research and the computer graphic model that serves as its vehicle. Subsequently, we will provide additional insight into the adopted criteria and the methodology proposed to develop the model. The above considerations are aimed at determining the conceptual and methodological domains defined for this project, which will begin with research on the scaenae frons and the development of a graphic model and culminate in its eventual execution.
Proyecto de musealización de los restos hallados en la estación de Ópera (Metro de Madrid). Reconstrucciones infográficas, escaneo laser 3D y digitalización del patrimonio arqueológico.
Authors: Penedo Cobo Eduardo , Moraga Vaz Patricia , Organista Labrado Elia , Izquierdo Zamora Áurea , Martínez Granero Ana Belén
Published: January 2016

In 2009, the archaeological and paleontological investigation associated with the new lift installation project in Opera Underground Station in Madrid, revealed remains of the ancient town structure of the lost Caños del Peral Square ( XVI-XVII and XVIII centuries), currently known as Isabel II Square. The recovery of these remains, which are of immense historical heritage value since they are significant elements of Madrid’s past, has led to the creation of a museum space in the station itself. In the explanatory document a range of techniques have been used including graphic information, animation and 3D imagery of the elements recorded during the excavation.
¿Tontas y locas?: Género y movimientos sociales en la ficción televisia sobre la Transición Española
Authors: Coronado Carlota , Galán Elena
Published: January 2016

En la última década se ha puesto de moda la ficción histórica televisiva y en España se han llevado a la pequeña pantalla historias ambientadas en el pasado más reciente como la dictadura franquista o la Transición. En series como Cuéntame cómo pasó o La chica de ayer se representa la sociedad española de entonces, así como los movimientos políticos y sociales que surgieron en aquellos años, entre ellos, el feminismo. A través de este estudio se analiza la imagen que estas series han transmitido sobre los movimientos feministas y sobre la mujer en la Transición.
Jóvenes y consumo de noticias a través de Internet y los medios sociales
Authors: Catalina-García Beatriz , García Jiménez Antonio , Montes Vozmediano Manuel
Published: January 2016

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los hábitos de los jóvenes en relación al consumo de las noticias en Internet en un escenario donde los medios sociales tienen una gran presencia. Una encuesta realizada entre universitarios españoles permite estudiar su comportamiento a partir, por un lado, de la intensidad de acceso y, por otro, del género, tomando en consideración la frecuencia en la consulta de noticias, el medio seleccionado, la motivación para informarse, el contraste de noticias, así como la percepción sobre la imparcialidad y la credibilidad. La investigación permite constatar la creciente relevancia de los medios sociales como fuente para el acceso a la información de actualidad.
PATOLOGIAS INDUZIDAS POR DROGAS: AUTOIMUNIDADE, COMPROMETIMENTO PULMONAR E DO MOVIMENTO
Authors: Anghebem-Oliveira Mauren Isfer
Published: January 2016

Medicamentos são produtos especiais elaborados para prevenir, tratar e/ou curar doenças, sendo produzidos com rigoroso controle para atender às suas especificações. A despeito da sua eficácia terapêutica, não há como garantir a segurança absoluta no uso de medicamentos, os quais podem, eventualmente, causar eventos adversos inesperados e imprevisíveis. Fatores como idade, sexo, polifarmácia e susceptibilidade individual podem favorecer o desenvolvimento de doenças induzidas por fármacos. O diagnóstico destes quadros é difícil, impactando diretamente na saúde do paciente acometido e nos custos para o sistema de saúde. Praticamente todas as classes farmacêuticas já foram associadas à indução de patologias, e todos os órgãos e sistemas podem ser afetados. A divulgação de informações a respeito das doenças induzidas por drogas é relevante e se faz necessária, uma vez que novos fármacos são introduzidos no mercado constantemente, e podem apresentar eventos adversos importantes. Serão destacadas neste trabalho as doenças autoimunes induzidas por drogas, assim como as pulmonares e do movimento.
FENILCETONÚRIA: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Ascenso Rosa Ruy Roberto Porto , Silva Francisco Clenildo Lisboa da , Branco Alessandra Camillo da Silveira Castello
Published: January 2016

A Fenilcetonúria, causada pela deficiência da enzima fenilalanina hidroxilase e a causa mais frequente de retardo mental, desponta como a mais comum das doenças que envolvem erros congênitos. Foi descrita inicialmente pelo químico norueguês Asbjorn Fölling, em 1934, que, após seis meses de estudo, publicou seus achados denominando a doença recém descoberta como Imbecillitas Phenylpyruvi. Devido à possibilidade de realizar a detecção da falta da enzima logo ao nascer, realiza-se o diagnóstico através da Triagem Neonatal com o Teste do Pezinho. O tratamento conta com auxilio de uma equipe multidisciplinar e perdura por toda a vida. Tendo como objetivo analisar a Fenilcetonúria, desde a sua descoberta até os dias atuais, propôs-se esta pesquisa que, quanto à natureza, é uma pesquisa básica e, quanto aos procedimentos, é uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Utilizaram-se artigos publicados entre os anos 2009 a 2013 sobre o tema Fenilcetonúria nas principais bases de dados. Analisou-se o histórico da patologia, a etiologia desse erro inato do metabolismo, seus sintomas, formas de diagnóstico e tratamento. Constatou-se que embora haja bastante avanço na prevenção e tratamento, novas pesquisas são direcionadas na melhoria do tratamento, através da biotecnologia, para proporcionar maior qualidade de vida aos portadores.
IMPORTÂNCIA DA RESPOSTA GLICÊMICA DOS ALIMENTOS NA QUALIDADE DE VIDA
Authors: Noal Daiane Torri , Denardin Cristiane Casagrande
Published: January 2016

O índice glicêmico é uma medida in vivo que correlaciona o impacto da ingestão de carboidratos e suas concentrações de glicose plasmática após esta ingestão. Estudos a cerca dos benefícios do IG iniciaram-se por volta dos anos 70, porém ele ainda é pouco difundido pelas comunidades médicas. O IG pode ser afetado por vários fatores tanto intrínsecos quanto extrínsecos, cabendo ressaltar a estrutura, forma de processamento, teor de fibras e amido resistente. Além disso, o IG é uma ferramenta que pode auxiliar no controle e prevenção de diversas patologias como diabetes melittus, doenças cardiovasculares e síndrome metabólica; portanto sua aplicação é bastante justificável, embora seu uso não seja tão difundido pela variedade de implicações que podem alterar os seus valores.
Valuing Barrels of Oil Equivalent
Authors: Smith James L.
Published: January 2016

By convention, the petroleum industry relies on thermal equivalence to summarize the results of upstream oil and gas operations—measuring outputs in terms of barrels of “oil equivalent.” This despite the fact that the two commodities trade at nothing like thermal parity. Drawing on a well-known exponential production model of petroleum reserves, we demonstrate the potential for thermal equivalence to substantially distort common measures of exploration and development success. Drawing on a recent survey of actual upstream results, and relative to a proposed measure based on economic equivalence, we show that the extent of bias in estimates of value, cost, and profitability is indeed large.
Tailored Assays for Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Investigations of Aliskiren and Enalapril in Children: An Application in Serum, Urine, and Saliva
Authors: Burckhardt Bjoern B. , Tins Jutta , Ramusovic Sergej , Läer Stephanie
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVES: Drugs that are effectively used to treat hypertension in adults (e.g., enalapril) have not been sufficiently investigated in children. Studies required for pediatric approval require special consideration regarding ethics, study design, and conduct and are also associated with special demands for the bioanalytic method. Pediatric-appropriate assays can overcome these burdens and enable systematic investigations of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic in all pediatric age groups.

METHODS: Tailored assays were developed for pharmacokinetic investigation of a drug in 100 μL of serum, saliva, and urine. All assays were applied in a proof-of-concept study to 22 healthy volunteers who had been given 300 mg aliskiren hemifumarate or 20 mg enalapril maleate and allowed for dense sampling. Changes in humoral parameters of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system were also evaluated with 6 parameters in 2.1 mL blood per time point.

RESULTS: The pharmacokinetic results of aliskiren and enalapril obtained by low-volume assays in serum and urine were comparable to that noted in the literature. The dense sampling enabled very detailed concentration-time profiles that showed high intersubject variability and biphasic absorption behavior of aliskiren. The replacement of invasive sampling by saliva collection appears inappropriate for both drugs because the correlations of drug concentrations in both fluids were low. A low-volume assay was also used to determine values for in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and to compare those results with the published literature.

CONCLUSION: These results support both the use of low-volume assays in pediatric research and the systematic investigation of their use in neonates and infants. Use of this assay methodology will increase information about drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in this vulnerable population and might contribute to safe and effective use of pharmacotherapy.
An Academic Multihealth System PGY2 Pediatric Pharmacy Residency Program
Authors: Klosterman Theresa , Meyers Rachel , Siu Anita , Shah Pooja , Kimler Katelin , Sturgill Marc , Robinson Christine
Published: January 2016

We describe a novel multihealth system pediatric pharmacy residency program through the Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy at Rutgers University. Pediatric clinical pharmacy is a growing field that has seen an increase in demand for practitioners. Practice sites include freestanding children's hospitals, children's hospitals within adult hospitals, and pediatric units within adult hospitals. To accommodate a residency program in a region with no freestanding children's hospital, the pediatric faculty members at the Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy at Rutgers University developed a multihealth system postgraduate year 2 (PGY2) pediatric pharmacy residency program with 6 pediatric faculty members functioning as preceptors at their 5 respective practice sites. The multihealth system setup of the program provides the resident exposure to a multitude of patient populations, pediatric specialties, and pediatric pharmacy practices. In addition, the affiliation with Rutgers University allows an emphasis on academia with opportunities for the resident to lecture in small and large classrooms, facilitate discussion periods, assist with clinical laboratory classes, and precept pharmacy students. The resident has the unique opportunity to develop a research project with a large and diverse patient population owing to the multihealth system rotation sites. A multihealth system PGY2 residency in pediatric pharmacy provides the resident a well-rounded experience in pediatric clinical practice, research, and academia that will enhance the resident's ability to build his or her own pediatric pharmacy practice.