bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Noncovalent Functionalization of Boron Nitride Nanotubes in Aqueous Media Opens Application Roads in Nanobiomedicine
Authors: Gao Zhenghong , Zhi Chunyi , Bando Yoshio , Golberg Dmitri , Serizawa Takeshi
Published: December 2014

Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are of intense scientific interest due to their unique physiochemical properties and prospective applications in various nanotechnologies, particularly nanobiomedicine. A critical problem hampering the application processing of BNNTs is the outer sidewall functionalization, which is primarily acquired to lead BNNTs dispersible in various solvents. Furthermore, the surface of BNNTs should be intelligently designed and precisely controlled to satisfy the specific demands of different applications. For these purposes, covalent and noncovalent approaches have been factually developed to help to extend the full potential of applications. Importantly, wrapping the outermost sidewall of BNNTs with either water-soluble polymers or biomolecules through weak noncovalent interactions has been proved to be efficient for giving BNNTs considerable dispersity in aqueous media, and endowing novel chemical functions to BNNTs with almost no change in their pristine physiochemical properties. This article summarizes recent progress in this field and addresses future perspectives on the noncovalent functionalization of BNNTs for promoting their application processing in various bio-related nanotechnologies.
RNA-directed remodeling of the HIV-1 protein Rev orchestrates assembly of the Rev–Rev response element complex
Authors: Jayaraman Bhargavi , Crosby David C , Homer Christina , Ribeiro Isabel , Mavor David , Frankel Alan D
Published: December 2014

The HIV-1 protein Rev controls a critical step in viral replication by mediating the nuclear export of unspliced and singly-spliced viral mRNAs. Multiple Rev subunits assemble on the Rev Response Element (RRE), a structured region present in these RNAs, and direct their export through the Crm1 pathway. Rev-RRE assembly occurs via several Rev oligomerization and RNA-binding steps, but how these steps are coordinated to form an export–competent complex is unclear. Here, we report the first crystal structure of a Rev dimer-RRE complex, revealing a dramatic rearrangement of the Rev-dimer upon RRE binding through re-packing of its hydrophobic protein–protein interface. Rev-RNA recognition relies on sequence-specific contacts at the well-characterized IIB site and local RNA architecture at the second site. The structure supports a model in which the RRE utilizes the inherent plasticity of Rev subunit interfaces to guide the formation of a functional complex.
A new combination in Torrentaria (Brachytheciaceae, Bryophyta), with new records of T. muelleri in Australia
Authors: Ochyra Ryszard , Bednarek-Ochyra Halina
Published: December 2014

Rhynchostegium muelleri A.Jaeger is transferred to Torrentaria muelleri (A.Jaeger) Ochyra & Bednarek-Ochyra (Brachytheciaceae).
A relação entre a satisfação geral e as variáveis da satisfação na hotelaria em hotéis de excelência
Authors: Limberger Pablo Flores , Boaria Francieli , Anjos Sara Joana Gadotti dos
Published: December 2014

As mídias sociais alteram a forma dos turistas buscarem e trocarem informações e determinam implicações e mudanças gerenciais para as empresas turísticas, incluindo os meios de hospedagem. Os comentários e as avaliações de hóspedes têm impactado a reputação das organizações tanto positiva como negativamente. Os sítios de conteúdo gerado por usuário permitem que estas informações cheguem a outros turistas avaliando a qualidade do serviço prestado e influenciando na decisão de novos visitantes. Desta forma, esta investigação procurou verificar as variáveis da satisfação que influenciam a satisfação geral em hotéis de excelência e se existe diferença entre as influências dependendo da tipologia hoteleira. Para isto, foram analisadas 1373 avaliações em hotéis eleitos como os melhores conforme o prêmio do TripAdvisor 2014 (355 nos melhores hotéis, 343 nos hotéis de pequeno porte, 352 nos hotéis mais baratos e 323 nas pousadas & inns). A metodologia empregada foi a análise de regressão múltipla, uma técnica que permite analisar o efeito de variáveis independentes em uma única variável, conforme Hair, Anderson Taham e Black (2005). As avaliações continham de forma independente verificações sobre: satisfação geral, custo-benefício, localização, qualidade do sono, quartos, limpeza e serviço. Os resultados em termos gerais demonstram a importância do atendimento para os serviços de qualidade, sendo um dos principais influenciadores na satisfação geral para 3 dos 4 tipos de hotéis analisados.
Tissue Management With Tri-Staple Technology in Major and Minor Laparoscopic Liver Resections
Authors: Scuderi Vincenzo , Troisi Roberto I.
Published: December 2014

One of the most relevant technologic advancements in laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) is owing to the improved ability to safely secure and divide vascular and biliary structures and the liver parenchyma by the use of endostaplers. We compared, retrospectively, 35 LLRs with the Tri-Staple technology versus 57 LLRs without, during a 14-month period. Colorectal liver metastases were overall the main indication for LLR. Neither major hepatectomy nor left lateral sectionectomy was done in the nonstapled group. Mean surgical time and blood loss were similar, whereas the tumor number and size were significantly larger in the stapled group (P ≤ 0.01). The conversion rate was 0% and 3.5% (n = 2); and the morbidity rate was 9% (n = 3) and 12% (n = 7), respectively, in the stapled and nonstapled group (P = 0.8). No overall 3-month mortality was recorded. Endo GIA Reloads with Tri-Staple technology allow a proper division of the intrahepatic vessels and biliary structure. These devices in LLRs are safe and feasible, allowing major hepatectomy and complex cases as 2-staged procedures and laparoscopic living donor liver resections.
Unusual Bleeding From Hepaticojejunostomy Controlled by Adult Variable Stiffness Colonoscopy: Report of a Case and Literature Review
Authors: Baba Hiroyuki , Wakabayashi Mai , Oba Atsushi , Baba Hironobu , Mitsuoka Akito , Nakamura Hiroshi , Sanada Takahiro , Kuwabara Hiroshi , Nakajima Kazumi , Goseki Narihide , Ishida Hideyuki
Published: December 2014

We herein present a case of a 59-year-old man who had undergone pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy with regional lymph node dissection prior to episodes of melena. Series of conventional endoscopic investigations failed to identify the bleeding source. Enhanced computed tomography scan revealed complete obstruction of the main portal vein with numerous collateral veins running towards the hepatic hilus. Comprehensively, hemorrhage from the jejunal varices caused by postoperative portal hypertension was highly suspected. As the jejunal loop was out of reach, adult variable-stiffness colonoscope (AVSC) was utilized to solve the Roux-en-Y anatomy. Numerous telangiectasis and small varices at hepaticojejunostomy were observed and in the mean time, bleeding was noticed and endoclips were placed without any delay. Ectopic variceal bleeding in jejunal loop after pancreaticoduodenectomy is difficult to manage. We believe that AVSC is an alternative device when specialized jejunal endoscopy is not available.
The Use of an Anterior Abdominal Wall Peritoneal Flap in the Laparoscopic Repair of Vesicouterine Fistula
Authors: Tasdemir Nicel , Abali Remzi , Celik Cem , Yazici Cenk Murat , Akkus Didem
Published: December 2014

Vesicouterine fistula (VUF) is a rare type of genitourinary fistula. Lower-segment cesarean section is the leading cause of VUF. Patients mostly present with the classical triad of menouria, amenorrhea, and urinary incontinence, with the history of a previous cesarean section. Conservative management with catheterization and open, laparoscopic, and robotic surgeries are the prescribed treatment options. We present the case of a 35-year-old woman who presented with cyclical menouria and urinary incontinence. After diagnosis of VUF by cystoscopy, the laparoscopic approach was chosen. During the procedure, we used anterior abdominal wall peritoneum and adjacent adipose tissue interposition for the first time, instead of omental interposition, because of the unavailability of omentum. The postoperative period was uneventful, and the procedure was successful. In conclusion, the laparoscopic approach is feasible and the anterior abdominal wall peritoneal flap can be used instead of omentum for tissue interposition when the omentum is not available.
Crystal structure of pectocin M1 reveals diverse conformations and interactions during its initial step via the ferredoxin uptake system
Authors: Jantarit Nawee , Tanaka Hideaki , Lin Yuxi , Lee Young‐Ho , Kurisu Genji
Published: August 2024

Pectocin M1 (PM1), the bacteriocin from phytopathogenic Pectobacterium carotovorum which causes soft rot disease, has a unique ferredoxin domain that allows it to use FusA of the plant ferredoxin uptake system. To probe the structure‐based mechanism of PM1 uptake, we determined the X‐ray structure of full‐length PM1, containing an N‐terminal ferredoxin and C‐terminal catalytic domain connected by helical linker, at 2.04 Å resolution. Based on published FusA structure and NMR data for PM1 ferredoxin domain titrated with FusA, we modeled docking of the ferredoxin domain with FusA. Combining the docking models with the X‐ray structures of PM1 and FusA enables us to propose the mechanism by which PM1 undergoes dynamic domain rearrangement to translocate across the target cell outer membrane.
New legislation would establish residential benefit under Medicare
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: August 2024

Newly introduced legislation in both houses of Congress would fill the only remaining gap in Medicare level‐of‐care coverage for substance use treatment services. The Residential Recovery for Seniors Act would establish a new benefit under Medicare Part A that would cover non‐hospital residential treatment for older adults and persons with disabilities.
New resource: Best practices for treatment of adolescent SUDs
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: August 2024

A new document written by the National Association of State Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors (NASADAD) for the National Council for Mental Wellbeing and released last month highlights the best practices for treatment of adolescent substance use disorders (SUDs). Replete with many links, the document will help not only treatment providers but also policymakers, schools, and more. The document is researched and footnoted.
A federal role is needed in the opioid litigation settlements
Authors: Kent Rob
Published: August 2024

Some have questioned whether the federal government has any ability to play a role in the oversight of how state and local government spend the $50 billion in opioid settlement funds they have already begun to receive. It is my opinion that they have the legal authority to play a role and that they should, especially as we hear concerning reports on the use of those funds. Those reports include the use of the settlement funds for purposes other than addressing opioid addiction and that the funds may be used to replace or supplant current state and local government spending versus supporting increasing efforts to address the ever‐increasing rates of overdose and death.
Predicting Clinical Outcomes of SARS‐CoV‐2 Drug Efficacy with a High‐Throughput Human Airway Microphysiological System
Authors: Lopez Quezada Landys , Mba Medie Felix , Luu Rebeccah J. , Gaibler Robert B. , Gabriel Elizabeth P. , Rubio Logan D. , Mulhern Thomas J. , Marr Elizabeth E. , Borenstein Jeffrey T. , Fisher Christine R. , Gard Ashley L.
Published: August 2024

The average cost to bring a new drug from its initial discovery to a patient's bedside is estimated to surpass $2 billion and requires over a decade of research and development. There is a need for new drug screening technologies that can parse drug candidates with increased likelihood of clinical utility early in development in order to increase the cost‐effectiveness of this pipeline. For example, during the COVID‐19 pandemic, resources were rapidly mobilized to identify effective therapeutic treatments but many lead antiviral compounds failed to demonstrate efficacy when progressed to human trials. To address the lack of predictive preclinical drug screening tools, PREDICT96‐ALI, a high‐throughput (n = 96) microphysiological system (MPS)  that recapitulates primary human tracheobronchial tissue,is adapted for the evaluation of differential antiviral efficacy of native SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern. Here, PREDICT96‐ALI resolves both the differential viral kinetics between variants and the efficacy of antiviral compounds over a range of drug doses. PREDICT96‐ALI is able to distinguish clinically efficacious antiviral therapies like remdesivir and nirmatrelvir from promising lead compounds that do not show clinical efficacy. Importantly, results from this proof‐of‐concept study track with known clinical outcomes, demonstrate the feasibility of this technology as a prognostic drug discovery tool.
Wavelet Collocation Method for HIV‐1/HTLV‐I Co‐Infection Model Using Hermite Polynomial
Authors: Agrawal Khushbu , Kumar Sunil
Published: August 2024

In this study, the dynamic behavior of fractional order co‐infection model with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) and human T‐lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV‐I) is analyzed using operational matrix of Hermite wavelet collocation method. Also, the uniqueness and existence of solutions are calculated based on the fixed point hypothesis. For the fractional order co‐infection model, its positivity and boundedness are demonstrated. Furthermore, different types of Ulam‐Hyres stability are also discussed. The numerical solution of the model are obtained by using the operational matrix of the Hermite wavelet approach. This scheme is used to solve the system of nonlinear equations that are very fruitful and easy to implement. Additionally, the stability analysis of the numerical scheme is explained. The mathematical model taken in this work incorporates the biological characteristics of both HIV‐1 and HTLV‐I. After that all the equilibrium points of the fractional order co‐infection model are found and their existence conditions are explored with the help of the Caputo derivative. The global stability of all equilibrium points of this model are determined with the help of Lyapunov functions and the LaSalle invariance principle. Convergence analysis is also discussed. Hermite wavelet operational matrix methods are more accurate and convergent than other numerical methods. Lastly, variations in model dynamics are found when examining different fractional order values. These findings will be valuable to biologists in the treatment of HIV‐1/HTLV‐I.
The Molecular Landscape of Premature Aging Diseases Defined by Multilayer Network Exploration
Authors: Beust Cécile , Valdeolivas Alberto , Baptista Anthony , Brière Galadriel , Lévy Nicolas , Ozisik Ozan , Baudot Anaïs
Published: August 2024

Premature Aging (PA) diseases are rare genetic disorders that mimic some aspects of physiological aging at an early age. Various causative genes of PA diseases have been identified in recent years, providing insights into some dysfunctional cellular processes. However, the identification of PA genes also revealed significant genetic heterogeneity and highlighted the gaps in this understanding of PA‐associated molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, many patients remain undiagnosed. Overall, the current lack of knowledge about PA diseases hinders the development of effective diagnosis and therapies and poses significant challenges to improving patient care.

Here, a network‐based approach to systematically unravel the cellular functions disrupted in PA diseases is presented. Leveraging a network community identification algorithm, it is delved into a vast multilayer network of biological interactions to extract the communities of 67 PA diseases from their 132 associated genes. It is found that these communities can be grouped into six distinct clusters, each reflecting specific cellular functions: DNA repair, cell cycle, transcription regulation, inflammation, cell communication, and vesicle‐mediated transport. That these clusters collectively represent the landscape of the molecular mechanisms that are perturbed in PA diseases, providing a framework for better understanding their pathogenesis is proposed. Intriguingly, most clusters also exhibited a significant enrichment in genes associated with physiological aging, suggesting a potential overlap between the molecular underpinnings of PA diseases and natural aging.
Co‐Assembled Supramolecular Hydrogelators Enhance Glomerulogenesis in Kidney Organoids Through Cell‐Adhesive Motifs
Authors: van Sprang Johnick F. , Aarts Jasper G.M. , Rutten Martin G.T.A. , Rijns Laura , Tiemeijer Bart M. , Schotman Maaike J.G. , Dankers Patricia Y.W.
Published: August 2024

Soluble biochemical agents are being employed to generate kidney organoids from human‐induced pluripotent stem cells. However, this soluble factor approach does not consider the effect of the mechanical environment on lineage commitment. Here, a mechanoresponsive nano‐environment with cell‐adhesive properties composed of supramolecular hydrogelators that co‐assemble into fibrous superstructures to form a transient network is presented, which is used to encapsulate kidney organoids. The delayed sol‐gel transition of the transient network enables fibrous superstructures to diffuse into the densely packed extracellular organoid space during the encapsulation procedure. This allows the mechanoresponsive matrix to induce a biological response beyond the organoid‐hydrogel border, and tune glomerulogenesis inside kidney organoids. In this manner, biomaterials are used as a complementary tool to soluble biochemical agents in tuning lineage commitment and refining organoid maturation.
Thermostable Tellurium Anchoring Enabling Robust Thermal and Electrochemical Stability for Pt3Co Intermetallic Fuel Cell Catalysts
Authors: Chen Yuanxin , Meng Zihan , Liu Fei , Zhang Aojie , Wang Xiaocan , Xiong Yifei , Tang Haibo , Tian Tian , Tang Haolin
Published: August 2024

Highly active Pt‐based intermetallic nanoparticles (i‐NPs) loaded on stable supports have garnered considerable interest as promising oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts for proton‐exchange‐membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Herein, thermostable tellurium (Te) is vapor‐deposited onto commercial conductive carbon to anchor high‐temperature‐synthesized Pt3Co i‐NPs. Advanced characterization and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the binding energy of Pt 4f and Co 2p shift positively by 0.12 and 0.95 eV after the introduction of Te in carbon support, promoting the formation of Pt─Te bonds, which enhances the metal–support interactions (MSIs) in Pt3Co/Te‐C (with a more negative binding energy of −10.28 eV). The average size of well‐dispersed Pt3Co i‐NPs (≈3.9 nm) on Te─C is considerably smaller than that of Pt3Co i‐NPs (≈9.1 nm) on commercial carbon. The specific activity of Pt3Co/Te‐C decreases by only 1.5% after 100,000 ultra‐long voltage‐accelerated cycles, while the morphology remains almost unchanged. The membrane electrode assembly using Pt3Co/Te‐C as a cathode demonstrates impressive activity (power density of 2.32 W cm−2@4 A cm−2 and mass activity of 0.50 A mgPt−1@0.9 V) and robust durability (mass activity@0.9 V loss of 26% after 30,000 cycles with intact L12 ordered structure) in H2–O2 operation, significantly exceeding the DOE 2025 requirements.
Anion‐Engineering Toward High‐Voltage‐Stable Halide Superionic Conductors for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Shen Liang , Li Jin‐Liang , Kong Wei‐Jin , Bi Chen‐Xi , Xu Pan , Huang Xue‐Yan , Huang Wen‐Ze , Fu Fang , Le Yi‐Cheng , Zhao Chen‐Zi , Yuan Hong , Huang Jia‐Qi , Zhang Qiang
Published: August 2024

Halide solid electrolytes (SEs) are attracting strong attention as one of the compelling candidates for the next‐generation of inorganic SEs due to their high ionic conductivity. Nevertheless, unsatisfactory high‐voltage stability restricts the further applications of halide SEs. Herein, the anion‐engineering of F−/O2− is evolved to construct the high‐voltage stable zirconium‐based halide superionic conductors (Li2.5ZrCl5F0.5O0.5, LZCFO). Benefiting from the thermodynamic/kinetic high‐voltage stability of F‐containing SE and the disordered localized structure introduced by O2−, LZCFO displays a practical electrochemical limit of 4.87 V versus Li/Li+ and an ionic conductivity of 1.17 mS cm−1 at 30 °C. With LZCFO and NCM955, the all‐solid‐state lithium battery exhibits a high discharge capacity of 207.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1C and a capacity retention of 81.2% after 500 cycles at 0.5C. The interfacial characterization further demonstrates the formation of the F‐rich cathode–electrolyte interphase (CEI), which inhibits side reactions between the cathode and the SE and boosts excellent cycling stability. This work affords fresh insights on the engineering of SEs with high‐voltage stability, high ionic conductivity, and stable CEI in all‐solid‐state lithium batteries.
A Dual Strategy to Prepare CsPbBr3@glass with a High PLQY and Ultrastability: Combining Controllable Crystallization and Surface Modification
Authors: Zhu Wenying , Cheng Shun , Mei Eenrou , He Ye , Yang Jiapeng , Liu Ruowang , Liang Xiaojuan , Xiang Weidong
Published: August 2024

All‐inorganic perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) are widely applied in photoelectronics because of their high luminous efficiency. However, PQDs have poor stability, which hinders their practical applications. In this study, controllable crystallization of PQDs is achieved by adding Al2O3 to alter the glass network. Next, Na2CO3 (aq) washing‐heating treatment is used to improve the protective mechanism. Owing to this dual strategy, the prepared CsPbBr3@glass exhibits a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY > 95%) and excellent stability. In a 1000 h accelerated aging experiment, the luminous intensity remains above 96% of the initial intensity. The luminescence intensity shows almost no change after soaking in water for 20 weeks. Finally, the CsPbBr3@CsPbBr1I2@PET light‐conversion film is prepared by the sandwich method. Its color gamut covers 138% of the NTSC 1953 and 102% of the Rec. 2020. This CsPbBr3@glass with a high PLQY and ultrastability will broaden the scope of perovskite materials in displays.
In Situ Construction of Fuzzy Sea‐Urchin ZnIn2S4/W18O49: Leveraging Interfacial Z‐Scheme Redox Sites toward Cooperative Electron–Hole Utilization in Photocatalysis
Authors: Ling Grayson Zhi Sheng , Kok Steven Hao Wan , Zhang Peipei , Chiah Zi‐Jing , Tan Lling‐Lling , Chen Binghui , Ong Wee‐Jun
Published: August 2024

Despite the significant milestones in the half‐reduction process of photocatalysis, challenges remain in fully utilizing electron–hole pairs in the simultaneous redox reactions. Herein, a Z‐scheme ZnIn2S4/W18O49 (ZW) hybrid with complementary band edge potential is in situ constructed. The resultant fuzzy 1D‐assembled sea‐urchin photocatalyst demonstrates an optimal H2 and benzaldehyde yield of 122 and 106 µmol h−1 under λ > 420 nm light irradiation. This sacrificial‐agent‐free system entails solar‐to‐hydrogen (STH) and apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) values of 0.466% and 2.48% (420 nm), respectively, surpassing most of the recently reported photocatalytic systems without the aid of noble metal cocatalysts. The outstanding performance is mainly attributed to the synergistic formation of intimate Z‐scheme heterojunction and the induction of localized surface plasmon resonances. Comprehensive characterization studies prove the direct injection of energetic hot electrons to promote the number of long‐lived active electrons. Besides, electron paramagnetic resonance and scavenger tests clarify the complicated mechanistic puzzle of the dual‐redox reaction, where benzaldehyde is formed dominantly via O─H activation followed by C─H cleavage of benzyl alcohol over ZW hybrid. Lastly, the universal use of the ZnIn2S4/W18O49 composites is testified in various dual‐redox systems. This study offers a novel outlook for designing dual‐functioning heterojunctions toward a feasible photoredox application.
Composition Modulation‐Mediated Band Alignment Engineering from Type I to Type III in 2D vdW Heterostructures
Authors: Guo Dingli , Fu Qiang , Zhang Guitao , Cui Yueying , Liu Kaiyang , Zhang Xinlei , Yu Yali , Zhao Weiwei , Zheng Ting , Long Haoran , Zeng Peiyu , Han Xu , Zhou Jun , Xin Kaiyao , Gu Tiancheng , Wang Wenhui , Zhang Qi , Hu Zhenliang , Zhang Jialin , Chen Qian , Wei Zhongming , Zhao Bei , Lu Junpeng , Ni Zhenhua
Published: August 2024

Band alignment engineering is crucial for facilitating charge separation and transfer in optoelectronic devices, which ultimately dictates the behavior of Van der Waals heterostructures (vdWH)‐based photodetectors and light emitting diode (LEDs). However, the impact of the band offset in vdWHs on important figures of merit in optoelectronic devices has not yet been systematically analyzed. Herein, the regulation of band alignment in WSe2/Bi2Te3‐xSex vdWHs (0 ≤ x ≤ 3) is demonstrated through the implementation of chemical vapor deposition (CVD). A combination of experimental and theoretical results proved that the synthesized vdWHs can be gradually tuned from Type I (WSe2/Bi2Te3) to Type III (WSe2/Bi2Se3). As the band alignment changes from Type I to Type III, a remarkable responsivity of 58.12 A W−1 and detectivity of 2.91×1012 Jones (in Type I) decrease in the vdWHs‐based photodetector, and the ultrafast photoresponse time is 3.2 µs (in Type III). Additionally, Type III vdWH‐based LEDs exhibit the highest luminance and electroluminescence (EL) external quantum efficiencies (EQE) among p‐n diodes based on Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) at room temperature, which is attributed to band alignment‐induced distinct interfacial charge injection. This work serves as a valuable reference for the application and expansion of fundamental band alignment principles in the design and fabrication of future optoelectronic devices.
Self‐Anchored Van‐Der‐Waals Stacking Growth of Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenide Nanoplates
Authors: Jiang Dingding , Tang Ya‐Nan , Wang Di , Xu Xiangpeng , Sun Jiang , Ma Rong , Li Wenhao , Han Zhiya , Liu Yunqi , Wei Dacheng
Published: August 2024

Transition‐metal dichalcogenide (TMDs) nanoplates exhibit unique properties different from their monolayer counterparts. Controllable nucleation and growth are prerequisite and highly desirable for their practical applications. Here, a self‐anchored van‐der‐Waals stacking growth method is developed, by which the substrate pit induced by precursor etching anchors the source material, impedes the lateral spreading of source droplets and facilitates the in situ stacking growth of high‐quality TMD nanoplates with a thickness of tens to hundreds of nanometers at well‐defined locations. As such, an array of TMD nanoplates with controlled lateral dimensions are produced and applied in arrayed photodetectors. This study solves the problem of controllable preparation of TMD nanoplates, holding promise for applications in electronics and optoelectronics.
Toward Controlled Fluidized Bed – Chemical Vapor Deposition of Boron Nitride: Thermochemical Analysis and Microstructural Investigations
Authors: Da Calva Mouillevois Thomas , Rivière Clément , Plaisantin Hervé , Roger Jérôme , Hungria Teresa , Chollon Georges , Bertrand Nathalie
Published: August 2024

This study examines the optimization and characterization of stoichiometric and carbon‐free boron nitride interphase coatings using triethylamine borane complex as a precursor in the Fluidized Bed Chemical Vapor Deposition process. It highlights the importance of optimizing chemical vapor deposition parameters to control coating formation, limit carbon contamination, and assess the feasibility of stoichiometric boron nitride from triethylamine borane complex coatings. The study investigates the thermal decomposition of triethylamine borane complex and its effect on carbon contamination through theoretical thermodynamic calculations, corroborated by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Analysis shows a consistent, uniform microstructure. Auger electron spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm the presence of boron, nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen, with negligible carbon inclusions. Transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy reveal a low‐crystalline, isotropic structure. Carbon‐rich areas in boron nitride coatings indicate intricate chemical interactions during deposition, while disordered structures highlight the need to understand the effects of structural variations. Despite using a high‐carbon precursor, boron nitride coatings are remarkably stoichiometric with low carbon and oxygen contamination, demonstrating the benefits of non‐chlorinated precursors.
Low‐Temperature Poly‐Si Thin‐Film Transistor with High‐k ZrAlOx Gate Insulator with SiO2 Blocking Layer
Authors: Kim Yuna , Jung Byunglib , Islam Md Mobaidul , Kim Byeonggwan , Jang Jin
Published: August 2024

Low‐power electronic devices are of increasing interest with high‐k gate insulators (GI). Herein, the performance and stability of low‐temperature poly‐Si (LTPS) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) are investigated with two different GIs: spray pyrolyzed zirconiumaluminum oxide (ZAO) directly deposited on poly‐Si, and SiO2/ZAO stack GI. The LTPS TFT with SiO2/ZAO stack GI exhibits hysteresis free characteristics with a threshold voltage of −0.2 V, field‐effect mobility of 114.4 cm2 V−1 s−1, subthreshold swing of 0.10 V dec−1, and high on/off current ratio of 7.3 × 108, at a gate voltage sweeping ±6 V. The TFT exhibits very stable operation under negative bias temperature stress. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses demonstrate that the diffusion of Zr and Al into poly‐Si deteriorates device performance with ZAO only GI. A thin SiO2 on LTPS blocks the diffusion of Zr and Al, resulting the high‐performance and stable p‐type LTPS TFT with a high‐k SiO2/ZAO stack GI. Finally, a 7‐stage ring oscillator using LTPS TFTs with SiO2/ZAO stack GI is demonstrated, exhibiting an oscillation frequency of 7.49 MHz and a propagation delay of 9.54 ns at a supply voltage of 6 V, indicating its suitability for low‐power consumption TFT electronics and displays.
Enhancing separation of Y(III) from Sr(II) using tributyl phosphate in a novel deep eutectic solvent media
Authors: Zhao Qi , Wu Fei , Shih Amelie Andrea , Fung Chu Kin , Gao Pengyuan , Liu Mengxian
Published: August 2024

A novel solvent extraction system was developed to separate Y3+ from Sr2+, where tributyl phosphate was chosen as an extractant and an organic solvent was a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (DES) consisting of oleic acid (OA) and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl). The extraction experiment demonstrated that the extraction system using OA‐[BMIM]Cl DES as an organic solvent exhibited great advantages of fast extraction and excellent selectivity for Y3+ (Y/Sr separation factor >500), which are hardly achieved in the extraction systems using conventional molecular solvent, for example, n‐heptane. Density functional theory calculations also confirmed that the Y/Sr separation is more thermodynamically favorable in OA‐[BMIM]Cl DES as an organic solvent compared to n‐heptane. An extraction process comprising two‐stage extraction, one‐stage scrubbing, and one‐stage stripping was proposed, achieving 95.06% of Y3+ selectively separated from a simulated solution and Y purity of 98.55% in the final product.
Atomically dispersed magnesium with unusual catalytic activity for transesterification reaction
Authors: Shao Xiang‐Bin , Liu Sai , Xing Zhi‐Wei , Tang Jia‐Xin , Li Pan , Liu Chang , Chi Run‐Ze , Tan Peng , Sun Lin‐Bing
Published: August 2024

Mg and its related solid base catalysts have always been thought of with weak or medium basicity. Herein, we present the synthesis of Mg single atom catalyst (Mg1/NPC) with strong basicity by tuning its coordination environment, which shows unusual activity in strong‐base‐catalyzed transesterification reaction. Mg1/NPC were obtained through impregnation‐pyrolysis method, results manifest Mg single atoms are embedded in nitrogen doped carbon in penta‐coordination (Mg‐C3N2) which endows Mg single atoms with strong basicity and is in contrast to traditional alkaline‐earth metal oxides. The novel Mg1/NPC exhibits excellent activity (40.2%) and stability in transesterification of methanol and ethylene carbonate to produce dimethyl carbonate (DMC), outperforming all state‐of‐the‐art Mg‐based solid base catalysts thus far reported as well as Ca, Na, and K‐based catalysts with superbasicity (2.5%–39.2%). This work might pave the way for the advancement of novel solid base catalysts with extraordinary sources of basicity for multifarious applications.
Annual‐perennial lifespan variation in Chaenactis douglasii suggests a drought escape strategy in warm‐arid environments
Authors: Amos Cameron H. , Richardson Bryce A. , Barga Sarah , Kilkenny Francis F. , Kasten Dumroese R.
Published: August 2024

Premise

Intraspecific variation in drought resistance traits, such as drought escape, appear to be frequent within wild, ruderal forb species. Understanding how these traits are arrayed across the landscape, particularly in association with climate, is critical to developing forbs for wildland restoration programs. Use of forbs is requisite for maintaining biological diversity and ecological services.

Methods

Using 6074 greenhouse‐grown Chaenactis douglasii seedlings from 95 wild, seed‐sourced populations across the western United States, we recorded bolting phenology and estimated genome size using flow cytometry. Mixed‐effects regression models were used to assess whether climate of seed origin was predictive for bolting phenology and genome size.

Results

Variation in bolting, reflecting an annual vs. perennial lifespan in this species, was observed in 8.7% of the plants, with bolting plants disproportionately occurring in locations with warm, arid climates. Populations with increasing heat and aridity were positively correlated with observed bolting (r = 0.61, p < 0.0001). About one‐third (22%) of the total (61%) lifespan variation was attributed to seed source climate and annual heat moisture index, a measure of aridity. Genome size had no significant effect on bolting. Projected climate modeling for mid‐century (2041–2070) supports an increasing occurrence of annual lifespan.

Conclusions

Our analyses support a drought escape, bet‐hedging strategy in C. douglasii. Populations exposed to greater aridity exhibited a higher proportion of individuals with an annual lifespan. Drought escape leading to an annual lifespan can affect how seeds are propagated and deployed for climate‐informed restoration.
Effect of Month of Birth on Mean Birth Length in Austrian Newborns Born Between 1984 and 2021
Authors: Waldhoer T. , Kirchengast S. , Yang L.
Published: August 2024

Objective

The length of newborns shows seasonal fluctuations, but the patterns of these fluctuations vary greatly. This study analyses the fluctuation in birth length by birth month and temporal changes in Austrian newborns from the 1984 to 2021 birth cohorts.

Methods

A total of 2 317 927 singleton‐term births between 1984 and 2021 in Austria were included in this retrospective population‐based cohort study. A strict inclusion criterion was the Austrian citizenship of the mother. The effect of month of birth (MOB) on birth length was estimated using a multivariable linear model adjusting for maternal educational level, newborn sex, gestational age, year of birth (YOB) of the newborn, and parity of the mother.

Results

Newborn length varied by MOB, but there was also a temporal trend. In the birth cohorts up to 2004, the longest newborns were born in February, while from 2008 onward, the longest birth lengths were observed in the summer months.

Conclusion

In this Austrian population‐based sample, birth length shows nonrandom fluctuations by birth month. These patterns, however, varied considerably over time.
Logic and Numbers Related to Solar Neutrinos
Authors: Slad L. M.
Published: August 2024

In this work, first of all, a number of hidden aspects of the concept of particle oscillations are analyzed. The key element of this concept, which does not comply with the principle of least action, is the notion of a mixture of particles, introduced by Gell–Mann, and Pais for neutral ‐mesons. It is proven that the law of conservation of energy‐momentum in the processes of electron neutrino production does not allow solving the problem of solar neutrinos based on the assumption of Gribov and Pontecorvo about their oscillations. It is established that the consequences of Wolfenstein's equation contradict the results of the SNO and Super‐Kamiokande collaborations and that the assertion by Mikheev and Smirnov on the conversion of solar neutrinos is erroneous. Another part of the work is devoted to a logically clear solution to this problem based on the hypothesis of the existence of a new interaction, the carrier of which is a massless pseudoscalar boson, which has a Yukawa coupling with electron neutrinos and nucleons. At each act of interaction of an electron neutrino with the nucleons of the Sun, caused by such interaction, the handedness of the neutrino changes from left to right and vice versa, and also the neutrino energy decreases. The hypothesis provides good agreement between the theoretical and experimental values of the rates of all five observed processes with solar neutrinos. This serves as a significant criterion for both the confidence of such a solution to the problem of solar neutrinos and the confidence of the existence of a new interaction.
Isolable Si=B Analogue of a Vinyl Halide: A Building Block for Facile Access toward Silicon‐Boron Multiple Bonded Species
Authors: Koike Taichi , Sakurata Naoki , Ishida Shintaro , Iwamoto Takeaki
Published: August 2024

Compared to the outstanding development in the synthesis of Si−B single bonded species, borylsilanes and their application to organic synthesis, the chemistry of Si=B double bonded species, borasilenes and boratasilenes have only made little progress, first of all, due to the difficulties in accessing such double bonds. Herein we report the synthesis of the first Si=B analogue of a vinyl halide, a bromoboratasilene, via formal borylene insertion to the coordination sphere of a monoatomic Si(0) complex, using a dihaloborane as the borylene source. The treatment of bromoboratasilene toward neutral or anionic Lewis bases gives access to new boratasilenes, all of which were proved to possess significant Si=B double bond character by XRD analysis and DFT calculations. These results demonstrate exciting strategies to synthesize new types of Si=B double bonded species which should further progress the chemistry of boron, silicon‐containing molecules.
Enhanced Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Overall Splitting of Pure Water in a Porous Microreactor
Authors: Duanmu Chuansong , Wang Tingwei , Meng Xin‐Yu , Li Jin‐Jin , Zhou Yin‐Ning , Pan Yun‐Xiang
Published: August 2024

Photocatalytic overall splitting of pure water (H2O) without sacrificial reagent to hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) holds a great potential for achieving carbon neutrality. Herein, by anchoring cobalt sulfide (Co9S8) as cocatalyst and cadmium sulfide (CdS) as light absorber to channel wall of a porous polymer microreactor (PP12), continuous violent H2 and O2 bubbling productions from photocatalytic overall splitting of pure H2O without sacrificial reagent is achieved, with H2 and O2 production rates as high as 4.41 and 2.20 mmol h−1 gcat.−1 respectively. These are significantly enhanced than those in the widely used stirred tank‐type reactor in which no O2 is produced and H2 production rate is only 0.004 mmol h−1 gcat.−1. Besides improved charge separation and interaction of H2O with photocatalyst in PP12, bonding interaction of Co9S8 with PP12 creates abundant catalytic active sites for simultaneous productions of H2 and O2, thus leading to the significantly enhanced H2 and O2 bubbling productions in PP12. This offers a new strategy to enhance photocatalytic overall splitting of pure H2O without sacrificial reagent.
Traceless Nucleophile Strategy for C5‐Selective C−H Sulfonylation of Pyridines
Authors: Kim Jieun , Kim Ye‐Eun , Hong Sungwoo
Published: August 2024

The functionalization of pyridines is crucial for the rapid construction and derivatization of agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and materials. Conventional functionalization approaches have primarily focused on the ortho‐ and para‐positions, while achieving precise meta‐selective functionalization, particularly at the C5 position in substituted pyridines, remains a formidable challenge due to the intrinsic electronic properties of pyridines. Herein, we present a new strategy for meta‐ and C5‐selective C−H sulfonylation of N‐amidopyridinium salts, which employs a transient enamine‐type intermediate generated through a nucleophilic addition to N‐amidopyridinium salts. This process harnesses the power of electron donor‐acceptor complexes, enabling high selectivity and broad applicability, including the construction of complex pyridines bearing valuable sulfonyl functionalities under mild conditions without the need for an external photocatalyst. The remarkable C5 selectivity, combined with the broad applicability to late‐stage functionalization, significantly expands the toolbox for pyridine functionalization, unlocking access to previously unattainable meta‐sulfonylated pyridines.
Synthesis of PVA–MWCNTs–UMCNOs–starch crosslinked nanocomposite biodegradable films for the removal of methylene blue and Congo red dyes from wastewater
Authors: Dwivedi Parul , Rathore Ashwani Kumar , Srivastava Deepak , Vijayakumar R. P.
Published: August 2024

Plastic waste and wastewater are indeed significant environmental issues that have wide‐ranging impacts on ecosystems, human health, and the economy. This study outlines the synthesis of biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–starch polymeric films incorporating multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) derived from plastic waste and unzipped carbon nanotubes oxides (UMCNOs) as co‐filled nanomaterials. These films were formulated based on data generated using a mixture design method in Design Expert 13 software, resulting in the synthesis of 19 films utilizing five types of PVA–starch polymer solutions (Types A–E). The synthesized films underwent characterization to study their surface morphology via scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. Subsequently, the films were individually subjected to vacuum filtration, through which cationic dyes such as methylene blue (MB) and anionic dye Congo red (CR) were passed in batches. The highest removal efficiency of 96.43% for MB dye was achieved, accompanied by an exceptionally high flux of 3146.78 LMH. Similarly, the maximum removal of 88.08% for CR was observed with a flux of 1512.66 LMH. The renewable active sites mechanism resulted in increased dye removal with every cycle. Results indicated efficient reusability, particularly when washed with ethanol–water solution.
A novel thermosensitive porous imprinted polymer for selectively separating ReO4− based on Pickering‐like emulsion polymerization
Authors: Bu Xianhang , Chen Zhengcan , Lin Xiaoyu , Xu Wan , Sun Yuanjun , Ou Xiaojian , Sun Yuan , Chen Zhenbin
Published: August 2024

In this study, we combined the imprinting technique, temperature‐sensitive polymer, and Pickering emulsion polymerization to prepare a temperature‐sensitive porous imprinted polymer. First, the temperature‐sensitive block polymer PDEA‐b‐P (DEA‐co‐AM) was prepared by reversible‐addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, and then a temperature‐sensitive porous ReO4− imprinted polymer (ReO4−‐TPIP) was prepared using the Pickering‐like polymerization technique, which was introduced to the preparation of the imprinted polymer. The structure and morphology of the polymer were characterized by FTIR, SEM‐EDS, and BET. The adsorption experiments showed that the maximum adsorption (Q), separation (R), and desorption (D) of ReO4−‐TPIP were 0.1568 mmol/g, 3.41, and 85.22%, respectively, and the adsorption equilibrium could be reached after 120 min, which decreased to 0.1212 mmol/g, 1.23, and 70.01% after repeated use for 11 times. These results indicate that ReO4−‐TPIP has good adsorption and reusability properties. The adsorption studies showed that ReO4−‐TPIP conformed to the zero‐level kinetic model in the pre‐adsorption stage, the quasi‐one‐level kinetic model in the late stage, and the isothermal adsorption process conformed more to the Langmuir model. In addition, in the secondary leach solution of high‐temperature alloys, the purity of rhenium in the solution increased from 35.4119% to 53.4812% after one adsorption/desorption cycle. The prepared ReO4−‐TPIP provides a new material and strategy for the selective separation and purification of rhenium in complex rhenium‐containing solutions for the industry.
Carbon nanotube functionalization supports mechanical, tribological, and biological response of freeze‐dried ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene‐based bio‐composites
Authors: Rani Pooja , Singh Indrajeet , Khare Deepak , Balani Kantesh
Published: August 2024

Acetabular cup liners made of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), in hip implants fail mostly due to wear debris generation and poor wear resistance. Consequently, strengthening UHMWPE becomes essential. The current work exhibits how the addition of 5 vol% carbon nanotubes (CNT) and functionalized carbon nanotubes (fCNT) in UHMWPE (denoted as U) affects the mechanical properties (hardness, elastic modulus) and tribological properties (wear resistance) of biocomposites. To form a composite, powders were mixed using a planetary centrifugal mixer followed by freeze‐drying to disperse‐CNTs, followed by its compression molding at 220°C for 1 h at 10 MPa. With the addition of CNT and fCNT, ≥95% densification was obtained for all samples resulting an increase in hardness and elastic modulus from 74.96 MPa to 168.11 MPa (124%) and 1.65 GPa to 2.96 GPa (79%), respectively, which led to the reduction in wear rate from 12.5 × 10−5 mm3/Nm (U) to 2.5 × 10−5 mm3/Nm (UfCNT). The amount of apatite formation enhanced from U (58.2%) to UfCNT (65.1%) is confirmed via X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Cell proliferation studies have validated the cytocompatible efficacy of U‐CNT composites with osteoblast‐like MG‐63 cells, making UfCNT as potential material for acetabular cup liners.
Rethinking Nanoparticle Synthesis: A Sustainable Approach vs. Traditional Methods
Authors: Jain Kavya , Takuli Anshika , Gupta Tejendra K. , Gupta Deepshikha
Published: August 2024

This review portrays a comparison between green protocols and conventional nanoparticle (NP) synthesis strategies, highlighting each method's advantages and limitations. Various top‐down and bottom‐up methods in NP synthesis are described in detail. The green chemistry principles are emphasized for designing safe processes for nanomaterial synthesis. Among the green biogenic sources plant extracts, vitamins, enzymes, polysaccharides, fungi (Molds and mushrooms), bacteria, yeast, algae, and lichens are discussed. Limitations in the reproducibility of green protocols in terms of availability of raw material, variation in synthetic protocol, and selection of material due to geographical differences are elaborated. Finally, a conclusion is drawn utilizing green chemical principles, & a circular economy strategy to minimize waste generation, offering a promising framework for the synthesis of NPs emphasizing sustainability.