bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expressão de intensidades: uma leitura sobre o conceito de essência na Ética de Espinosa
Authors: Pinheiro de Oliveira Fellipe
Published: October 2021

Considerando que tradicionalmente compreende-se essência como aquilo que a natureza da coisa é e sem a qual a coisa deixa de ser o que é, levanta-se nesse artigo uma questão que necessita de esclarecimento, a saber, como o pensamento espinosista na Ética pode considerar que a substância única pode ser sujeito de infinitos atributos realmente distintos entre si, e que são responsáveis por dar, cada um a seu modo, a essência dessa substância sem incorrer numa concepção contraditória de que a substância única, apesar de única, tem infinitas naturezas? Essa questão motiva as discussões levantadas nesse artigo que tem como objetivo investigar e oferecer uma interpretação acerca da noção de essência na a partir da Ética de Espinosa.
A incongruência do argumento da antítese moral em Hobbes
Authors: Silva Delmo Mattos
Published: October 2021

O objetivo desse artigo consiste em fornecer uma crítica às pretensões de Strauss em determinar um fundamento moral à filosofia civil de Hobbes. Trata-se, portanto, de discutir as determinações do comportamento dos homens derivado de uma tendência natural a eles imposta. Desse modo, expõe-se a viabilidade do vínculo entre a filosofia natural e a filosofia civil para determinar o comprometimento de Hobbes aos termos do mecanicismo da sua época. Desse modo, inviabiliza-se o argumento de Strauss segundo o qual o princípio da autopreservação baseia-se em uma antítese moral ocasionada entre a vaidade e o fundamentalmente justo medo da morte violenta.
Método e discurso filosófico no diálogo O Sofista de Platão
Authors: Alves Alexandre
Published: October 2021

Por sua discussão da questão do não-ser e por sua intenção de fundamentar o discurso filosófico, o diálogo Sofista ocupa uma posição central na história da filosofia. O objetivo deste artigo é relacionar o método de definição empregado por Platão no diálogo Sofista (a diérese) com sua concepção do discurso filosófico. As diferentes definições para o sofista propostas no diálogo não são somente parte da polêmica de Platão contra a sofística, mas fundamentam a própria concepção platônica do filósofo e do discurso filosófico. Enquanto a dialética seria o método empregado pelo filósofo para chegar ao conhecimento e à sabedoria, a sofística seria apenas imitação do verdadeiro conhecimento e da verdadeira sabedoria.
O compatibilismo teleológico de Leibniz: da ação livre ao livre arbítrio
Authors: Freire Francisco
Published: October 2021

Este artigo pretende reconstruir as principais decisões teóricas que caracterizam o conceito leibniziano de liberdade. Adota-se como método o confronto dialógico entre as concepções mais influentes em torno da problemática conciliação entre o paradigma mecanicista e matematizado do universo e a liberdade. Sob a influência do modelo mecanicista, influentes filósofos modernos reduziram o problema do livre arbítrio ao problema da livre ação. Hobbes, Locke e Hume identificaram a liberdade com a espontaneidade e a autonomia, consolidando um compatibilismo mecânico. Leibniz recepciona as noções de autonomia e espontaneidade. No entanto, A liberdade leibniziana, ao implicar também a inteligência e a contingência, introduz a teleologia no discurso compatibilista. Leibniz reassume a noção de livre arbítrio conciliando-a com a rejeição da libertas indifferentiae.
Filosofia e censura: uma reflexão na trilha d’O passeio do cético
Authors: Cordova Felipe
Published: October 2021

Em um ensaio que se tornaria clássico, Leo Strauss recolocou na ordem do dia a necessidade de se atentar para o que ele chamou de escrita nas entrelinhas, imperativo esquecido pela pesquisa histórica moderna, forjada num contexto em que a perseguição e a censura se encontravam já ausentes. O tipo de reflexão elaborado por Strauss, porém, já havia sido concebido pelos próprios autores modernos, que por vezes tematizaram sua escrita e os perigos envolvidos nessa atividade. Este trabalho toma como mote o discurso preliminar a O passeio do cético, de Diderot, onde o autor reflete sobre a situação do escritor em meados do século XVIII para, a partir daí, desdobrar uma linha temporal que permite dimensionar o alcance dessa reflexão.
Screening and Structure-Activity Relationship of Potential Compounds
against Proposed Targets of COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Ali Majid , Zaidi Asma , Farooq Umar , Bukhari Syed Majid
Published: October 2021

Background:

With reference to COVID-19 pandemic prevailing across the globe, chloroquine
and hydroxychloroquine were reported as effective against the disease to some extent. This effectiveness
can be attributed to the glycosylation interruption of the Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor,
which is a known target for SARS-CoV-2 entery. On the other hand, studies suggest that the inhibition
of ACE2 can be lethal in certain cases, thereby causing cardiovascular disorders, especially in patients
already suffering from heart-related diseases.

Methods:

In this study, the most probable targets (other than ACE2) have been proposed for the treatment
of COVID-19 infection by taking chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as reference drugs. SwissTargetPrediction
and PASSonline tools were used in order to achieve this objective. Known drugs against
each target possessing close relation to either viral infections or lung disorders were assessed from the
DrugBank database, and simultaneous efficacy of these drugs towards other proposed targets has been
analyzed. By taking the most effective drugs as a reference, similar compounds were screened from the
ChEMBL library by using the SwissSimilarity tool. Finally, molecular docking studies were performed
through MOE software by using screened compounds against proposed targets.

Results:

Four most probable targets have been proposed, which include chemokine receptors (CCRs),
dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (CHRMs), and histamine Nmethyltransferase
(HNMT). Furthermore, it has been evaluated that quinacrine and vildagliptin are effective
against most of the proposed targets. By taking vildagliptin as well as quinacrine as reference drugs,
further eight compounds with similar effectiveness against these targets have been screened from the
ChEMBL library. Molecular docking studies with CCR5, DPP4, and CHRM5 suggest that the quinacrine
and its analogue (ChEMBL1782742) as well as vildagliptin and its analogue (ChEMBL511785) are the
most suitable compounds as HITs for these targets.

Conclusions:

It has been established that the quinacrine, ChEMBL1782742, vildagliptin,
ChEMBL511785, mavorixafor, atropine, and N-(2-aminoethyl)-1-aziridineethanamine in descending
order can be considered as effective drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 infection.
Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme Inhibitor Molecules with Therapeutic Potential
for Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Sivaraman Bhuvaneswari , Raji Vijaykumar , Velmurugan Bala Aakash , Natarajan Ramalakshmi
Published: October 2021

:

Acetylcholinesterase (AchE), hydrolase enzyme, regulates the hydrolysis of acetylcholine
neurotransmitter in the neurons. AchE is found majorly in the central nervous system at the
site of cholinergic neurotransmission. It is involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s diseasecausing
dementia, cognitive impairment, behavioral and psychological symptoms. Recent findings
involved the inhibition of AchE that could aid in the treatment of Alzheimer's. Many drugs of different
classes are being analyzed in the clinical trials and examined for their potency. Drugs that
are used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease are donepezil, galantamine, tacrine, rivastigmine
showing major adverse effects. To overcome this, researchers work on novel drugs to elicit inhibition.
This review comprises many hybrids and non-hybrid forms of heteroaromatic and nonheteroaromatic
compounds that were designed and evaluated for AchE inhibition by Ellman’s
method of assay. These novel compounds may assist future perspectives in the discovery of novel
moieties against Alzheimer’s disease by the inhibition of AchE.
Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (Hgps) and Application of Gene Therapy Based Crispr/Cas Technology as A Promising Innovative Treatment Approach
Authors: Rajeev Mekha , Ratan Chameli , Krishnan Karthik , Vijayan Meenu
Published: October 2021

Background:

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), also known as
progeria of childhood or progeria is a rare, rapid, autosomal dominant genetic disorder
characterized by premature aging which occurs shortly after birth. HGPS occurs as a result
of de novo point mutation in the gene recognized as LMNA gene that encodes two
proteins, Lamin A protein and Lamin C protein which are the structural components of
the nuclear envelope. Mutations in the gene trigger abnormal splicing and induce internal
deletion of 50 amino acids leading to the development of a truncated form of Lamin A
protein known as Progerin. Progerin generation can be considered the crucial step in
HGPS since the protein is highly toxic to human cells, permanently farnesylated, and exhibits
variation in several biochemical and structural properties within the individual.
HGPS also produces complications such as skin alterations, growth failure, atherosclerosis,
hair and fat loss, and bone and joint diseases. We have also revised all relevant patents
relating to Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome and its therapy in the current article.

Methods:

The goal of the present review article is to provide information about Hutchinson-
Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and the use of CRISPR/Cas technology as a
promising treatment approach in the treatment of the disease. The review also discusses
about different pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of treatment currently
used for HGPS.

Results :

The main limitation associated with progeria is the lack of a definitive cure. The
existing treatment modality provides only symptomatic relief. Therefore, it is high time
to develop a therapeutic method that hastens premature aging in such patients.

Conclusion:

CRISPR/Cas technology is a novel gene-editing tool that allows genome
editing at specific loci and is found to be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment
of genetic disorders such as HGPS where dominant-negative mutations take place.
Knowledge Landscape of Starter Cultures: A Bibliometric and Patentometric Study
Authors: Cruz-O'Byrne Rosmery , Casallas-Useche Cristian , Piraneque-Gambasica Nelson , Aguirre-Forero Sonia
Published: October 2021

Background:

Starter cultures are essential in food industry biotechnology, consisting
of microorganism preparations inoculated to produce safe fermented foods with
desirable sensory characteristics.

Objective:

This study aims to identify and analyze the growth and flow of knowledge regarding
starter cultures by creating scientific and technological profiles using patentometric
and bibliometric indicators.

Methods:

A search for patents and scientific articles was conducted in December 2020
following a proposed 10-step methodology using the Scopus® and Patentinspiration
databases. The search strategy was based on the keywords “starter culture” and “fermentation”
considering publications up to 2020.

Results:

A total of 3035 articles and 719 patents were published until 2020, presenting a
more significant number in the last ten (10) years due to the development of biological
sciences and molecular biology involving enzymes and microorganisms. Italy leads the
scientific production while China leads the technological. It was also possible to determine
the most productive author and inventors, the most influential articles and inventions,
and the main scientific journals and patent offices.

Conclusion:

Scientific and technological activities have an exponential behavior showing
that the knowledge about starter cultures continues to grow, becoming a field of interest
for optimizing industrial processes related to food fermentation, thus achieving diversification
of products that can satisfy the demand for food in an increasingly competitive
global market.
Withdrawal Notice: The Assessment of Triamcinolone Acetonide Cyclodextrin Supramolecular Inclusion Complexa Nasal Spray
Authors: Zhang Jiaojiao , Zhao Xinghua , Ren Cuiying , Kang Yujia , Ding Shi , Wang Yang , Chen Ye , Liu Ju
Published: October 2021

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor of the journal Current Drug Delivery due to incoherent content.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

Bentham Science Disclaimer:

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authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright
of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
The Influence of Different Slicer Software on 3d Printing Products Accuracy and Surface Roughness
Authors:   Universitas Trisakti, Cahyati Sally , Aziz Haris Risqy
Published: October 2021

Rapid Prototyping (RP) is a manufacturing process that produces a 3D model CAD to be a real product rapidly by using additive manufacturing technology. In this case, the product will print layer by layer uses a 3D printer machine. The 3D printer requires slicer software to convert CAD data into data that a 3D printer machine can read. Research is done to analyze the effect of three kinds of slicer software on 3D printing objects on the accuracy and surface roughness of the product. The 3D model CAD is sliced using three different slicer software, namely Ideamaker, Repetier Host, and Cura. The slice model result from each slicer will be printed on a 3D printer machine with the same process parameters to be compared. Then the product's dimensional and surface roughness will be measured to determine the effect of each slicer on product quality. The best quality of the product reflected the most suitable slicer software for the 3D printing machine that used. The best results achieved by Cura slicer because it has resulted in small dimensional deviations (max 0,0308±0,0079) and stabile high surface roughness of the product (max 1,585+059).
Meshing Strategi untuk Memprediksi Hambatan Total pada Kapal Planing Hull
Authors:   Universitas Diponegoro, Fathuddiin Abubakar , Samuel Samuel
Published: October 2021

A high-speed vessel has a range of Froude Number (Fr) > 1. A drag prediction method based on Fr > 1 has high complexity because it is influenced by trim and heave motions. Hence, a specific treatment is necessary to obtain accurate results. This study is using mesh density and mesh shapes to predict the total drag of a planing hull ship. The Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) results show good performance in predicting the drag, trim, and heave. Mesh density of 2300K shows the most stabilized result. The trimmed mesh type is more efficient to obtain accurate results because it has a smaller mesh size. The polyhedral mesh type is as good as trimmed mesh but is not as efficient as trimmed mesh and it has largely a time-consuming time.
Pengaruh Sintering Serbuk Batuan Basalt sebagai Bahan Penguat pada Komposit Polyester terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Mekanik
Authors:   Balai Penelitian Teknologi Mineral (LIPI), Hendronursito Yusup , Saputra Asep Andri ,   Universitas Malahayati, Rajaguguk Tumpal Ojahan , Sumardi Slamet ,   Balai Penelitian Teknologi Mineral (LIPI), Supriyatna Yayat Iman , Isnugroho Kusno , Birawidha David Candra , Amin Muhammad
Published: October 2021

Basalt rock has great potential in Lampung Province but is only used as a building construction material. Basalt has superior characteristics such as abrasion/wear resistance, compressive strength and chemical reaction resistance making it suitable as a filler or reinforcement for composites. This study aims to determine the effect of basalt rock powder sintering as a reinforcing filler on the mechanical and physical properties of polymer matrix composites. The parameters used included variations in sintering temperature: 8500C, 9500C, and 1.0500C, variations in particle size: 100 < X < 150 mesh, 150 < Y < 200 mesh and 200 < Z < 270 mesh, and the volume fraction comparison of basalt sintering powder and polyester resin. 70: 30%, 80: 20%, and 90: 10%. The experimental design uses the L9 3^3 taguchi orthogonal array run 9 specimens. Taguchi analysis shows that the parameters that affect the mechanical and physical properties are the sintering temperature. sintering temperature contributed 61.77% to wear, and 87.58% to compressive strength, and 95.32% to composite density. The experimental results with the best value obtained a wear value of 0.235 x 10-7mm2 / kg, a compressive strength of 118.873 MPa, and a density of 2.272 gr/cm3.
Pengaruh Rasio I/D terhadap Permulaan Flooding dan Fluktuasi Voltase Sinyal Tekanan Rezim Flooding pada Geometri Kompleks
Authors:   Universitas Gajah Mada, Astyanto Achilleus Hermawan , Rahman Yusuf ,   Universitas Sanata Dharma, Medha Akbar Yuga Adhikara ,   Universitas Gajah Mada, Deendarlianto Deendarlianto , Indarto Indarto
Published: October 2021

A nuclear power plant operation requires reliability safety systems. Therefore, an accidental scenario such as the LOCA becomes a specific attention. This relates to a countercurrent flow phenomenon which permits the occurrence of a flooding regime. This study aims to investigate the effets of I/D ratios of the riser on the onset of flooding and time-series voltage fluctuations of differential pressure signals of the flooding regime on a complex geometry representing a PWR hot leg. The test section contains a combination of a horizontal, an elbow and an inclined pipes. Three I/D ratios containing 1.9 (R1), 3.9 (R2) and 8.3 (R3) were assesed. The tabulated data are expressed in the term of a flooding curve. Meanwhile, the statistical features of the time-series voltage fluctuations of the signals are presented on both PDF and PSD graphs. The results obtained show that the assesed I/D ratios do not conduct significance effects on the onset of flooding. On the other hand, there are trends which can be obtained from the time-series signals with the increase of the I/D ratio. Those trends can also be observed in the such statistical features; the PDF and PSD graphs, respectively.
Радиопоглощающий метаматериал и экран антенны на его основе
Authors: Рязанцев Р.О. , Саломатов Ю.П. , Поленга С.В.
Published: October 2021

Metamaterial absorber located near solid metal surface was investigated and antenna design was developed for receiving satellite navigation signals using absorptive ground plane comprises proposed material. The metamaterial structure has been developed, frequency characteristics have been analyzed by finite element method in frequency domain, operating dimensions of elements have been established. Modeling and analysis of radiation pattern for antenna with absorptive ground plane versus the antenna with the classic high impedance ground plane were carried out. Conclusions were drawn on the applicability of the proposed metamaterial structure.
The Effect of Cardiovascular Comorbidities on Women Compared to Men: Longitudinal Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Dervic Elma , Deischinger Carola , Haug Nils , Leutner Michael , Kautzky-Willer Alexandra , Klimek Peter
Published: October 2021

Background

Although men are more prone to developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) than women, risk factors for CVD, such as nicotine abuse and diabetes mellitus, have been shown to be more detrimental in women than in men.

Objective

We developed a method to systematically investigate population-wide electronic health records for all possible associations between risk factors for CVD and other diagnoses. The developed structured approach allows an exploratory and comprehensive screening of all possible comorbidities of CVD, which are more connected to CVD in either men or women.

Methods

Based on a population-wide medical claims dataset comprising 44 million records of inpatient stays in Austria from 2003 to 2014, we determined comorbidities of acute myocardial infarction (AMI; International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision [ICD-10] code I21) and chronic ischemic heart disease (CHD; ICD-10 code I25) with a significantly different prevalence in men and women. We introduced a measure of sex difference as a measure of differences in logarithmic odds ratios (ORs) between male and female patients in units of pooled standard errors.

Results

Except for lipid metabolism disorders (OR for females [ORf]=6.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]=6.57-6.79, OR for males [ORm]=8.31, 95% CI=8.21-8.41), all identified comorbidities were more likely to be associated with AMI and CHD in females than in males: nicotine dependence (ORf=6.16, 95% CI=5.96-6.36, ORm=4.43, 95% CI=4.35-4.5), diabetes mellitus (ORf=3.52, 95% CI=3.45-3.59, ORm=3.13, 95% CI=3.07-3.19), obesity (ORf=3.64, 95% CI=3.56-3.72, ORm=3.33, 95% CI=3.27-3.39), renal disorders (ORf=4.27, 95% CI=4.11-4.44, ORm=3.74, 95% CI=3.67-3.81), asthma (ORf=2.09, 95% CI=1.96-2.23, ORm=1.59, 95% CI=1.5-1.68), and COPD (ORf=2.09, 95% CI 1.96-2.23, ORm=1.59, 95% CI 1.5-1.68). Similar results could be observed for AMI.

Conclusions

Although AMI and CHD are more prevalent in men, women appear to be more affected by certain comorbidities of AMI and CHD in their risk for developing CVD.
The Clinical Decision Support System for Trauma Emergency Care:
Development, Modification and Clinical Use (Preprint)
Authors: Jian Zhen , Lv Tao , Ao Rongguang , Wang Yongan , Jiang Xinhua , Jiang Xinhua
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Background: Trauma remains an urgent social problem as the leading cause of death in persons 1 through 44 years of age. According Computerized clinical decision support system (CDSS) is a solution to promote Advanced trauma Life Support (ATLS) protocol for traumatic emergency management.

OBJECTIVE

Objectives: The objectives were to develop a CDSS for trauma management in emergency department (ED) based on ATLS algorithm, and evaluate its preliminary effectiveness for the treatment of patients admitted to the emergency room (ER) suffering from severe injuries.

METHODS

Methods: A design workshop was convened to discuss the goals and users’ needs of a CDSS based on ATLS algorithm and then worked through typical clinical scenarios involving trauma emergency. The prototype CDSS was developed and then refined based on scenarios in ED involving multiple injuries. field testing was conducted to point out the defects of the system's function in real clinical environment and further optimize it. A comparation of clinical outcomes before and after the implement of the CDSS was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the CDSS.

RESULTS

Results: A common design concept of Trauma First Aid (TFA) emerged after three rounds of discussions and storyboard design. Some bugs during the use process were fixed after case-based refinement. The CDSS workstations were divided into mobile terminals with a pad and medical workbenches with an all-in-one computer. Application programming interface (API) to get real-time access to electronic health record system and online specialist consultation were achieved by the CDSS after field testing. In the clinical study, a total of 176 consecutive trauma patients with a complete TFA file between June 2020 and June 2021 were compared with 235 traumatic patients in ER before the implement of TFA from June 2018 to June 2019. The missed injury rate dropped from 11% to 4% (p < 0.01) after the implement of TFA. Time duration from admission to physician's first order was longer in the TFA group (21±11min vs 11±13min ,p< 0.01). There was a higher rate of packed RBCs transfusions (69% vs 43%, p < 0.01) with less time duration from admission to the order of blood transfusion (35±37min vs 50±33min, p<0.05) in TFA group when compared with the control group. The consultation time of relevant department was much shorter in the TFA group (10±17min vs 25±33min, p<0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusions: TFA was a CDSS based on ATLS algorithm and assisted clinical decision for physicians in the ED to treat traumatic patients in the advanced life support stage. The initial clinical evaluation in a reginal trauma center showed practicality and effectiveness of the CDSS.
The Challenges in Implementation of Halal Vaccine Certification in Malaysia
Authors: Latiff Johari Ab , Zakaria Zalina , Man Sa'adan
Published: October 2021

The global halal pharmaceutical sector is valued at USD 132 billion by 2021. (Pharmaceuticals, 2020). This sector is seen as a high priority development area. Apart from food products, Muslim consumers are also becoming more aware of halal pharmaceuticals. They are beginning to see the potential detrimental effects created by product development, testing, and production, all of which could be deviating from the halal values. Based on this uncertainty, the public at large is increasingly questioning the sources of their pharmaceutical products. Under such circumstances, the situation of children contracting contagious diseases has been noted to be on the rise in Malaysia, especially in the last few years. As a result, health authorities are concerned that there would be parents who may reject the immunization programs for their children out of the fear that the vaccines used may infringe on some strict religious rules. (Johari Ab Latiff, 2018) A conservative Muslim may sometimes reject the inoculation over concerns that some vaccines were derived from contents of pigs or porcine, of which Muslims are forbidden to consume. Vaccines are part of the pharmaceutical products, and like all other pharmaceutical products, they can be developed using halal ingredients, which can replace the use of non halal contents or animal products and their derivatives for medication. The implementation of halal certification for vaccines is strictly bounded by Shariah law and Fatwa. Malaysia. As a Muslim country, Malaysia is widely and globally regarded as one of the pioneers in halal pharmaceuticals. This can be traced to its world first halal pharmaceutical standard which was introduced as MS 2424: Halal Pharmaceuticals – General Guidelines since 2012, with first revision in 2019. Nonetheless, from then until presently, Malaysia has not been able to provide halal certification for the vaccine products. The implementation of the halal certification for vaccine products in Malaysia may have been triggered by the use of non-halal or forbidden ingredients in the manufacturing of those vaccine products. Thus far, the Malaysian Standard of the MS 2424 is the only standard, and it is also only a general guide. There is a need to develop a more thorough manual that can be adhered to by pharmaceuticals. This necessity to certify vaccine products as halal for the context of Malaysia has thus put the Halal Certification Body, like JAKIM, to be in limbo
Analysis of Halal Certification Renewal Service Quality and Their Effect on the Customer’s Satisfaction and Loyalty in Yogyakarta (Case Study in Meatball Stall)
Authors: Jumeri Jumeri , Khosyani  , M.A.F Falah
Published: October 2021

The society awareness in consuming halal, safe, and healthy foodstuff within these past few years kept on increasing. This was closely related to responsible food manufacturers which produced sustain halal foods, as evidenced by ownership halal certification. In order to increase the satisfaction of food producers and to maintain their commitment to extend the halal certificates, the quality of halal authority service should always be enhanced. This study aims to identify the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) value, to determine the influence of halal label and product attributes toward customer’s satisfaction and loyalty of meatball stalls in Yogyakarta, and to identify the influence of halal label toward selling volume on certified meatball stalls. The instruments used were questionnaires containing 21 quality attributes of halal certificate renewal service. Analyses were performed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The model was composed of seven latent variables: halal certification, brand, price, taste, service, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Result of the research showed that taste and halal certification have significant effect on the customer’s satisfaction and loyalty of certified meatball stalls. Halal certification have affected the certified meatball stalls in Yogyakarta by increasing the selling volume of 25-37.5%.
Stability Test of Gel Hand Sanitizer Ethanol Extract of Nutmeg (Pala) Leaves (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) with Variation of the Concentration of HPMC (Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose) and Glycerine
Authors: Nur Endah Srie Rezeki , Shintia C , Nofriyaldi A
Published: October 2021

Daun pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) memiliki senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti flavonoid, saponin dan tanin. Oleh karena itu, daun pala dikembangkan ke dalam bentuk sediaan gel hand sanitizer yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri. Dalam formulasi gel, penggunaan gelling agent dan humektan merupakan faktor penting yang dapat menghasilkan sediaan gel yang stabil. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui stabilitas sediaan gel hand sanitizer ekstrak etanol daun pala dengan variasi konsentrasi HPMC dan gliserin. Gel hand sanitizer ini dibuat 3 formulasi dengan variasi HPMC dan gliserin, yaitu formula 1 (HPMC 1% : gliserin 5%), formula 2 (HPMC 1.5% : gliserin 7.5%), formula 3 (HPMC 2%, gliserin 10%). Uji stabilitas yang dilakukan terhadap sediaan menggunakan metode cycling test sebanyak 6 siklus. Berdasarkan hasil analisis cycling test 6 siklus dihasilkan bahwa formula yang memiliki stabilitas  paling baik adalah formula 1 dengan variasi konsentrasi HPMC 1% dan gliserin 5%.
Increased Value Added of Tuna Flakes (By-Product) from Steak Processing Through Development of Halal Commercial Food Products (Tuna Topping Spaghetti)
Authors: Sahubawa Latif , Ustadi  , Heliana Leni Sophia , Rosdiana
Published: October 2021

Yellowfin tuna is one of Indonesia's main export commodities, its meat contains high protein and can be processed into a variety of commercial food products. In the processing of loin, fillet and tuna steak, ± 10% of flaked meat is produced which can be used for processing commercial products. Spaghetti is one of the commercial products that is easily processed with raw materials and additives that are cheap and easy to obtain as well as halal and thoyib. The raw materials used are tuna flakes, spaghetti noodles and seasonings. The research objective was to analyze the chemical composition of tuna flakes and tuna topping spaghetti as well as the added value and level of consumer preference. This research uses laboratory methods, the percentage of additional selling value and consumer preferences. Proximate chemical composition of tuna flakes, namely: water content (74.80 - 75.25%); protein (16.35 - 17.00%); fat (1.43 - 1.50%); minerals (5.38 - 5.45%); carbohydrates (0.65 - 0.80%). Chemical composition of tuna topping spaghetti, namely: water content (62.73 - 69.13%); protein (7.08 - 8.34%); fat (0.42 - 0.76%); minerals/ash (0.93 - 1.16%) and carbohydrates (24.41 - 25.54%). The added value of tuna flakes in the processing of tuna topping spaghetti for two packages of spaghetti noodles (18 portions) is Rp. 147,355 (80.79%). The level of consumer preference (25 panelists) towards the visual value of tuna topping spaghetti is “very like” (76.0%) and “like” (24%); smell values, namely "really like" (72.0%) and "like" (28%); the value of taste, namely "really like" (80.0%) and "like" (20%); Texture values are “really like” (80.0%) and “like” (20%) and taste values are “really like” (76.0%) and “like” (24%).
Study of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Handling and Storage Process in Palm Oil Mills in an Effort to Improve CPO Quality and Reduce the Risk of Contaminants Formation
Authors: Syafrianti Anita , Lubis Zulkifli , Elisabeth Jenny
Published: October 2021

Crude Palm Oil (CPO) is palm oil obtained from the extraction or compression process of oil palm fruit flesh and has not been purified. Palm oil is usually used for food, cosmetic industry, chemical industry, and animal feed industry. Increasingly open insight and increasing consumer awareness of the importance of food safety and quality assurance supported by technological developments and laboratory analysis methods, new types of contaminants in food products are also found. Currently, the Indonesian government is facing challenges regarding the issue of 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol ester (3-MCPD Ester) and glycidyl ester (GE) in palm oil which can hamper Indonesia's palm oil trade in the future. The practice in the field affects the quality of CPO and the retrieval of low-quality CPO is mixed with high-quality CPO. And the length of time the process of pumping CPO from reclaimed tanks to VCT affects the quality of CPO. So this study aims to modify the pumping time and storage time of CPO from Reclaimed tanks to VCT by mixing samples from VCT (fresh CPO) and samples from Reclaimed tanks (lower quality CPO).
Emulgel Formulation of Musa paradisiaca L. Peels
Authors: Kimelvina Kimelvina , Martodihardjo Suwaldi , Kuswahyuning Rina
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan memanfaatkan limbah kulit buah pisang ambon (Musa paradisiaca L.) untuk diformulasikan menjadi sediaan topikal emulgel dan mengevaluasi aktivitas antiradikal dan stabilitas fisik setelah 4 minggu penyimpanan pada suhu ruang. Kulit buah pisang ambon diolah menjadi jus yang kemudian dipekatkan melalui proses freeze drying. Hasil freeze dried jus kulit buah pisang ambon sebanyak 1% diformulasikan menjadi sediaan topikal emulgel. Freeze dried jus kulit buah pisang ambon mengandung flavonoid sebesar 52,71 μg ekuivalen kuersetin/gram kulit pisang ambon segar dan memiliki nilai aktivitas penangkapan radikal 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) dengan IC50 65,6 μg/mL. Emulgel freeze dried jus kulit buah pisang ambon menujukkan aktivitas penangkapan radikal DPPH dan aktivitas ini stabil selama 4 minggu penyimpanan pada suhu ruang. Emulgel freeze dried jus kulit buah pisang ambon tidak mengalami pemisahan meskipun terindikasi mengalami perubahan ukuran droplet setelah penyimpanan. Viskositas emulgel mengalami peningkatan secara signifikan, sedangkan daya sebar dan daya lekat emulgel menunjukkan penurunan yang signifikan setelah penyimpanan.
Protection Effect of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) Piroxicam as Ulcerogenic Agent towards Malondialdehid Level and Protein Expression of Caspase-3, COX-1, COX-2 at Rat Gastric
Authors: Wahyuningsih Iis , Ambarwati Kurnia , Hapsari Erninda Ayu , Fauziyyah Afifah , Ikhsanudin Azis , Pertiwi Deasy Vanda , Widyaningsih Wahyu
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the protection effect of SNEDDS piroxicam ulcerogenic agent against malondialdehyde (MDA) level and protein expression of caspase-3, COX-1, COX-2. The research was conducted using the test animals as much as 30 male white Sprague dawley (SD) rats aged 1-2 months with a weight of 100-200 grams divided into 5 groups. Treatment was given for 28 days orally. On the 29th day blood samples were also taken for the determination of MDA (Malondialdehid) levels by Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance (TBARs) method using a visible spectrophotometer. Rats were sacrificed, then gastric organs were taken for immunohistochemical testing of caspase-3 and COX-1 expression, COX-2. The statistical analysis showed that the piroxicam SNEDDS group and the piroxicam suspension group decreased expression of the caspase-3 protein, increased COX-1 expression, decreased COX-2 and significantly decreased MDA levels. The piroxicam-containing SNEDDS (Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System) form has protection against ulcogenic piroxicam.
Water-in-Oil-in Water (W/O/W) Double Emulsion Formulations using Variation Concentration of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sodium
Authors: Tania Devi , Marchaban  , Kuswahyuning Rina
Published: October 2021

Makromolekul hidrokoloid dinilai mampu menstabilkan emulsi ganda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat formulasi emulsi ganda air dalam minyak dalam air (A/M/A) dengan menggunakan natrium karboksimetil selulosa (CMC Na) sebagai emulgator fase air eksternal. Emulsi primer air dalam minyak (A/M) dibuat dengan parafin cair sebagai fase minyak dan mengevaluasi pengaruh konsentrasi emulgator span 80, yaitu 5, 10, 15, dan 20%, terhadap mikroskopi ukuran droplet, viskositas, dan stabilitas emulsi A/M setelah uji heati4ng-cooling cycle. Span 80 dengan konsentrasi 15% menghasilkan karakteristik emulsi primer A/M yang paling baik. Emulsifikasi emulsi primer A/M ke dalam fase air eksternal yang mengandung CMC Na menghasilkan emulsi ganda A/M/A. Peningkatan konsentrasi CMC Na dari 1, 2, dan 3% menghasilkan peningkatan viskositas emulsi ganda secara signifikan. Mikroskopi visual droplet minyak menunjukkan rentang ukuran droplet minyak yang relatif besar pada semua emulsi ganda A/M/A. Pelepasan model zat warna larut air (Ponceau 4R) dari semua emulsi ganda A/M/A sangat kecil (0,06-0,09%) setelah 6 jam pengujian yang mengindikasikan potensi penggunaan emulsi ganda ini sebagai sistem penghantaran lepas lambat. Emulsi ganda A/M/A pada semua konsentrasi CMC Na tidak memisah setelah uji stabilitas dengan metode heating-cooling cycle.
Sargassum crasifolium Extract Could Prevent the Decrese in the Thyroxine Hormone and the Body Weight Loss of Javanese Randu Goats during Transportation
Authors: Claude Mona Airin  , Hana Amelia , Sarmin  , Astuti Pudji , Husni Amir , Nurshitaningrum Rusyda
Published: October 2021

Thyroxine hormone (T4) was one of the hormones related to metabolism rate. Animal transportation could be stressor interfering metabolism. Sargassum crasifoium was one of brown algae species that contained some important nutrients and also flavonoids. The study aimed at finding out the effect of the Sargassum on the decrase in thyroxine hormone and body weight loss. It used 9 Javanese Randu goats that were classified into 3 treatment groups. Group I served as control, Group II was treated with 450 mg/kg BW of Sargassum estract and Group III was treated with vitamin B1. All of the goats were transported for 12 hours using pickup truck at the speed of 60 km/hour. Blood samples were drawn before the transportation, during loading, 6 hours after the transportation and at the end of the transportation, while the body weight of the goats was weighed before and after the transportation. The results of the study showed that the T4 hormone decreased in the Group I and increased in the Group III during the transportation, while it was stable in the Group II. The biggest percentage of the body weight loss took place to the Group III (0.13%), while the smallest percentage took place to the Group II (0.063%). Statistical analysis showed that the Sargassum extract did not have any significant effect (p>0.05) on both the thyroxine hormone and the body weight loss during the transportation. Based on the results of the study it could be concluded that the Sargassum extract could stabilize the thyroxine hormone during the transportation so that it could prevent the body weight loss
The Preparation and Characterization of A Co-Processed Excipient from Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L) Starch and Avicel PH101
Authors: Muhammad Hengki Purnama Halim  , Eka Purwanto Ungsari Rizki , Ikasari Endang Diyah
Published: October 2021

The Indonesian pharmaceutical industries still rely on imports for more 90% of active raw materials and excipient raw materials. A research is needed to develop the production of pharmaceutical excipients, especially those derived from natural ingredients, to support the country's economy. One source of natural materials are widely available in Indonesia and can be developed is starch from Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L). Starch is often used as dilluent, disintegrat and binder in tablet formulation.

Starch, including starch from Purple Sweet Potato, was an excipient tablet that had bad flowability and compressibility, so that the physical properties need to be improved. One way to improve the characterization of amilum is co-processing. The purpose of this study was to develop a co-process from Purple Sweet Potato Starch and combined with Avicel PH 101 as excipient fillers for tablets.

The method used in the preparation of these co-process was wet granulation. The formula determination was caried out with Design Expert 10.0.1 software. Results obtained from experiments and recommendation formula from Design Expert 10.0.1 was verified with One Simple T-test with confidence level of 95%.

Based on the results it can be concluded that the increased concentration of purple sweet potato starch increased moisture content and lowering compressibility and density. While the increased concentration of Avicel PH 101 increased compressibility and density; it could lower moisture content and the flowability time. The formula that gave the best characteristic of co-processed was obtained at a concentration of purple sweet potato starch and Avicel PH 101 on 62.493%: 37.507%. Based on One Simple T-Test, there is no significant difference between the experimental results with recommendation formula from Design Expert 10.0.1. From the FT-IR test results may indicate that the formation of the co-process did not change the form of the chemical structure of substances, but only changed the physical properties of substance. Based on the results of SEM, the morphology of the shape bond formation co-process so that the granules become larger and purple sweet potato starch forms a round and partly change shape after do the heating at 60°C.

Keyword : Co-processing, Purple_Sweet_Potato, Starch, Avicel_PH101, FTIR
Analysis of the E-Government Initiative at Local Government Level in Bandung City, Indonesia
Authors: Rachmawati Tutik , Dwi Fitriyanti Kusuma
Published: October 2021

This research aims to analyze aspects affecting the implementation of electronic parking, a digital- based public services provision in parking. The concept of digital divide, workforce, regulation, and infrastructure were used to conduct the analysis. This study employed a qualitative research methodology with qualitative data collection techniques through interviews with two officers of the Parking Technical Implementation Unit (TIU) - the Department of Transportation Bandung City Government, 4 parking attendants, and 100 people as the roadside parking users. To enrich the data, observation and study documents were also conducted. The research used a descriptive analysis combined with simple descriptive quantitative data. It is evident from this study that four primary aspects hindered the implementation of the electronic-parking initiative. Those aspects are a large gap in the digital divide, low workforce quality and quantity, the absence of the proper regulations, and futile infrastructure. Adding to these four barriers, we also found other significant aspects: the investment that has not been strategically designed, the lack of leadership, and the low quality of education and marketing. All these three additional aspects also contribute to the failure in meeting the objective of the electronic parking initiative. This finding suggests that any new initiatives in public service provision, mainly using ICT, need to be well communicated and consulted with the implementing units. Furthermore, the initiative needs to be complemented with an acceptable set of policies to ensure its sustainability.
The Role of Service Promotional Mix on Customer Satisfaction; Case Study of Agriculture and Rural Development Bank in Djelfa
Authors: Gourida Siham
Published: October 2021

Now days, the issues of promotional efforts of banking services are becoming more  complicated, in today’s competitive environment, in terms of competing effectively with other financial institutions. In banking sector communication elements are especially important, they help to create powerful images, confidence and a sense of reliability to achieve customers’ satisfaction.The main purpose of this study is to reach a better understanding of the promotion’s strategies in financial institutions. In order to reach this target we’ve conducted a questionnaire for clients of our case study bank, to examine the role that the promotion mix components play in terms of reaching the bank customers’ satisfaction. The results show that the personal selling plays an important role on achieving customer satisfaction.
Never Again: A Legal Chimarea?
Authors: Hale Christopher John
Published: October 2021

This article examines the scope of the duty that arises from Article 1 of the Genocide Convention[1] (hereinafter, the Convention) that imposes on States the dual obligation to prevent and punish genocide as an international crime. The analysis will focus on the legal problems arising from the punishable acts of Article 3 which asserts a prophylactic framework regarding the crime of genocide. This article argues that Article 3 is fundamental to the obligation to prevent as well as punish since the prohibited acts are inchoate (meaning incomplete). If an act of genocide is legally conceived as incomplete, it can, in theory, be repressed in the spirit of the Convention.

 

[1] “Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide,” open for signature December 9, 1948, registration no. A/RES/3/260, http://un-documents.net/a3r260.htm.
The Role of the UN International Drug Control Conventions in Facilitating Law Enforcement Cooperation in the Policing of Transnational Drug Trafficking
Authors: Robertson Scarlet
Published: October 2021

Transnational policing is an increasingly important issue in today’s globalised world. Transnational crime is an expanding industry and when crime crosses borders, cooperation between states is key. Arguably, this is most important in illegal drug trafficking, a crime of high concern to many states which almost always involves multiple countries. To this end, the UN Drug Control Conventions, introduced to tackle drug trafficking across the world, contain a number of provisions regarding law enforcement cooperation. This piece, by examining legal instruments and existing literature, will explore the role of the conventions regarding cooperation in policing the transnational trafficking of illicit drugs with a particular focus on the US, a major player in the field. Law enforcement cooperation between states existed for many years without international law obligations, however, it was often plagued by political and cultural differences and suffered when international relations were tense. By implementing obligations within the UN conventions, existing practices were codified into international law, meaning that cooperation should be a smoother, and legally-backed, process regardless of the political situation. This piece argues that, although the UN International Drug Control Conventions may not have added completely novel principles or practices to transnational law enforcement, they remain an important tool in facilitating transnational police cooperation and have made a valuable contribution to jurisprudence on the subject.