bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DETERMINAN PROFITABILITAS (STUDI PADA BANK UMUM KONVENSIONAL YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2012-2016)
Authors: Sidik Solihin
Published: December 2019

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui, menjelaskan dan menganalisis tentang Profitabilitas, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Loan to Deposit Ratio, Beban Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional dan Net Interest Margin pada Bank Umum Konvensional serta pengaruh parsial dan simultan CAR, LDR, BOPO dan NIM terhadap Profitabilitas Bank Umum Konvensional Periode 2012-2016. Jumlah sampel yang diambil 10 bank umum dengan asset terbesar pada periode penelitian teknik sampling jenuh. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan sumbangan bagi pengembangan bidang manajemen khususnya manajemen keuangan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan penulis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan verifikatif, dari hasil analisis data penelitian diperoleh beberapa kesimpulan sebagai berikut: (1) ROA Bank Umum konvensional selama periode penelitian memiliki rata-rata sebesar 2,46% yaitu pada kategori sangat sehat.(2). Rasio CAR Bank Umum konvensional pada periode penelitian dengan rata-rata 17,34% dikategorikan sangat sehat. (3) Rasio LDR Bank Umum konvensional selama periode penelitian memiliki nilai rata-rata 89,31%, dikategorikan cukup baik. (4) Rasio BOPO Bank Umum konvensional selama periode penelitian memiliki nilai mean 75,54%, dikategorikan sangat sehat. (5) Rasio NIM Bank Umum konvensional selama periode penelitian memiliki nilai rata-rata 5,81%, dikategorikan sangat sehat. (6) CAR secara parsial berpengaruh tidak signifikan dan berkontribusi negatif terhadap profitabilitas (ROA) Bank Umum konvensional pada periode penelitian dengan koefisien -0,417. Sedangkan LDR dan BOPO secara parsial berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap profitabilitas (ROA), dengan koefisien masing-masing -5,928 dan -3,871. BOPO merupakan variabel yang memiliki pengaruh paling besar terhadap Profitabilitas diantara Variabel lain. Sementara NIM secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap profitabilitas (ROA) dengan nilai koefisien 5,654. (7) CAR, LDR, BOPO dan NIM berpengaruh positif dan signifikan secara simultan terhadap Profitabilitas (ROA) Perbankan pada periode penelitian. Dengan koefisien 47,298
MEDIASI KOMITMEN ORGANISASI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA KARYAWAN PT PERKEBUNAN NUSANTARA VIII PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Rismayadi Budi
Published: December 2019

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan dan menganalisis peningkatan kinerja karyawan melalui peningkatan kepuasan kerja yang dimediasi oleh komitmen organisasi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan PT Perkebunan Nusantara VIII Provinsi Jawa Barat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survey deskriptif dan survey eksplanatori dengan ukuran sampel minimum 200 responden, dengan metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah SEM (Structural Equation Modeling). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapatkan temuan sebagai berikut kepuasan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan secara langsung terhadap komitmen organisasi dan kinerja karyawan, komitmen organisasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, kepuasan kerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan melalui komitmen organisasi, kepuasan kerja dan komitmen organisasi secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan kontribusi (R2) sebesar 88%. Kepuasan kerja secara parsial berpengaruh paling dominan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan juga bahwa komitmen organisasi merupakan partial mediating pada pengaruh kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan.

Kata Kunci: Kepuasan Kerja, Komitmen Organisasi, Kinerja Karyawan
CIKAL BAKAL TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM) PADA PERUSAHAAN JEPANG DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA PADA PERUSAHAAN-PERUSAHAAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Isyanto Puji
Published: December 2019

ABSTRAK This study aims to examine total quality management in Japanese companies and their implementation in companies in Indonesia. This research method uses descriptive analysis method. Total Quality Management that binds to Japanese companies is inseparable from Kaizen culture, so that Japan applies the principle of customer satisfaction, Quality Function Development (QFD), employee empowerment and continuous improvement for the company. Product development carried out by Japanese companies is to meet market segments with international standards and on the quality side of the product. Continuous improvement in various fields, respect and teamwork are the keys to the success of Total Quality Management in Japanese companies. Japanese companies are identified as having long-term time horizons. Companies in Indonesia can adopt total quality management well so they can create excellence. Keywords: total quality management, kaizen, continuous improvement.
PENGARUH FUNGSI KEPEMIMPINAN, MOTIVASI DAN DISIPLIN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN DI PT MITRAMETAL PERKASA KARAWANG
Authors: Widagdo Matius Teguh
Published: December 2019

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk meneliti dan membuktikan fenomena yang ada di PT. Mitrametal Perkasa dengan menganalisis seberapa besar pengaruh fungsi kepemimpinan, motivasi dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dan verifikatif. Alat analisis menggunakan rentang skala dan analisis jalur dimana dalam proses perhitungan korelasi dan regresi antar variabel baik secara parsial maupun simultan digunakan SPSS. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian mengenai Pengaruh Fungsi Kepemimpinan, MotivasI dan Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan di PT. Mitrametal Perkasa, dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa secara keseluruhan gambaran variabel penelitian berdasarkan persepsi responden menunjukan bahwa Fungsi Kepemimpinan, Disiplin Kerja dan Kinerja Karyawan berada pada kategori cukup baik, sedangkan total pengaruh secara simultan Kepemimpinan, Motivasi, dan Disiplin Kerja berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Karyawan di PT. Mitrametal Perkasa sebesar 65,9% Sedangkan faktor lain yang tidak diteliti dan turut mempengaruhi kinerja ditunjukkan oleh nilai Pyï¥= 0.341 atau sebesar 34,1%. Variabel lain dimaksud seperti lingkungan kerja, kompensasi, budaya organisasi, komunikasi dan lain sebagainya.

Kata Kunci : Fungsi Kepemimpinan, Motivasi Kerja, Disiplin Kerja dan Kinerja Karyawan
DEWAN REDAKSI
Authors: REDAKSI DEWAN
Published: December 2019

Susunan Redaksi Jurnal Manajemen & Bisnis Kreatif

Pelindung : Dr. H. Dedi Mulyadi, S.E., M.M. Ketua Penyunting : Sari Marliani, S.E.,M.M. Dewan Penyunting : - H. Tarpan Suparman, S.Pd.,M.Pd (UBP Karawang) - Nelly Martini, S.E., M.M. (Unsika) - H. Acim Supriadi, S.E.,M.M. (UBP Karawang) - Rahmat Hasbullah, S.E., M.M. (Unsika) - Abdul Yusuf, S.E., M.M. (Unsika) - Yudin Wahyudin, S.E., M.M. (STIE YPN) - Jajang Sugiat, S.E.,M.M. (STIE Yasa Anggana) - Yudi Suwandi, S.E., M.M. (STIE Ekuitas)

Penyunting Pelaksana : - Ajat Sudrajat, S.E., M.M. - Ina Ratnasari, SE., M.M.

Sirkulasi dan Pemasaran : - Chandra Zonyfar, S.Kom - Yogi Ginanjar - Alifya Nurzehan

Diterbitkan oleh Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang

Alamat Redaksi : Jl. HS Ronggowaluyo Telukjambe Timur Karawang 41361 Telp. / Fax. 0267 8403140 email : jurnalmanajemen@ubpkarawang.ac.id site : lppm.ubpkarawang.ac.id
Daftar Isi
Authors: Isi Daftar
Published: December 2019

DAFTAR ISI

Susunan Redaksi â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦...â€¦â€¦â€¦ i

Daftar Isi â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦............... ii

Rancang Bangun Situs Responsif Di Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang Dengan Menggunakan Metode Perpaduan Grid System Dan CSS Media Query : Shofa Shofiah Hilabi, Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang

Hal : 1

Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Informasi Harga Produk Pangan Dan Sembako Di Pasar Kab. Karawang : April Lia Hananto, Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang

Hal : 10

E-Learning Bercocok Tanam Hidroponik Dengan Metode Asynchronous Learning Dan Dynamic Intellectual Learning Berbasis Web: Hadi Wibowo, STMIK Kharisma Karawang

Hal : 21

Perancangan Sistem Informasi Presensi Menggunakan Sidik Jari Untuk Pegawai Negeri Kabupaten Karawang : Jajam Haerul Jaman, Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang

Hal : 32
DAFTAR ISI
Authors: Isi Daftar
Published: December 2019

Daftar Isi

Susunan Redaksi ......................................................................................................... ..i Daftar Isi....................................................................................................................... ii Perbandingan Pembobotan Kata Dalam Sistem Temu Balik Informasi : Amril Mutoi Siregar : Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang

Hal : 1

Pengembangan Prototipe Sistem Informasi Monitoring Hardware IT Berbasis Web Dengan Metode Kano Dan Model View Controller : Studi Kasus Pada PT. Kalbe Morinaga Indonesia : Saepul Aripiyanto : Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang

Hal : 9

Kombinasi Kriptografi Rc4 Dan Steganografi Lsb Pada Citra Digital Dengan Format Bitmap Untuk Menjaga Keamanan Pesan : Ellya Helmud : STMIK Atma Luhur Pangkalpinang

Hal : 20

Sistem Pakar Identifikasi Minat & Bakat Pelajar Pada Penentuan Kecerdasan Menggunakan Metode Forward Chaining - Fuzzy Logic : Kukuh Ardy Nugroho : Universitas Budi Luhur, Ayu Ratna Juwita, Adi Rizky Pratama : Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang
A Study of the Effects of Non-oil Exports on Iranian Economic Growth
Authors: Yadollahzadeh Tabari Naser Ali , Nasrollahi Mohammad
Published: December 2019

This paper examines the effects of Iranian non-oil exports on output during the years 1980-2007. We use an augmented neoclassical production function type and apply VECM methodology to estimate the short and long-run effects. The results show: negative effects of non-oil export on non-Export output, while capital stock and labor force have positive effects on non-Export GDP.
The Nabucco Project within Context of Energy Supply Security and International Politics
Authors: Özkan Gökhan
Published: December 2019

The Nabucco Project is a project, which aims to transport rich natural gas resources of the Central Asia, the Caucasus and the Middle East to the European market via Turkey. In this study, the Nabucco Project was evaluated within context of the energy supply security concept and international politics.
Firstly, interdependence between national power and energy supply security was investigated. How oil and natural gas became strategic raw materials of world politics beyond being primary energy resources of the global economy was examined. It was found that discovery of rich oil and natural gas resources in the Central Asia and the Caucasus after the Cold War turned the region into a focus of interest of the global and regional actors. In this connection, perspectives of the global and regional actors about the Nabucco Project were examined.
As a result of analyses and evaluations, it was concluded that the Nabucco Project is a project that can significantly enhance Turkey’s geopolitical importance and make Turkey one of the key countries of the east-west energy corridor.
Intra-Industry Trade between Turkey and Central Asian Turkic Republics
Authors: Başkol Murat Ozan
Published: December 2019

Intra-industry trade gained considerable importance in international economics literature in recent years. Today almost one forth of world trade has intra-industry trade nature, which is defined as trade within industries rather than between industries. In other words, intra-industry trade is the simultaneous export and import of goods within the same industry. The most widely used measure of intra-industry trade is Grubel-Lloyd (GL)Index. GL Index measures the extent of intra-industry trade in a particular industry or an economy as a whole. According to GL Index, an index of IIT in trade of industry i goods with country j is computed as :
IIT = [ 1 - ( Xij - Mij ) / (Xij + Mij) ] * 100

Grubel-Lloyd Index for an economy, as a whole, is an arithmetic average of the index for individual sectors weighted by their share in the economyâ€™s total trade.
IIT = [ 1 - (Î£ ( Xij - Mij ) / Î£ (Xij + Mij) ] * 100
( where X ij and M ij are home countryâ€™s exports of industry i goods to country j and imports of industry i goods from country j, respectively.)
Grubel-Lloyd Index ranges from 0 to 100 and can be expressed as a percentage of the total trade. Higher index values are associated with greater intra-industry trade as a proportion of total trade.

The aim of this study is to examine the share of intra-industry trade in Turkeyâ€™s foreign trade with Central Asian Turkic Republics within the period 1992 to present by using . For this purpose this paper calculates Grubel-Lloyd index by using the data SITC Rev.3 at 3 digit.
Effects of Global Economic Crisis on Kyrgyzstan Economy and Developments in Economic Relations between Turkey and Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Karluk S. Rıdvan
Published: December 2019

The global crisis which started in September 2008 adversely affected many global economies and also Kyrgyzstan economy. Kyrgyzstan economy which declined and experienced a severe recession in 2009 due to the crisis started recovering from the adverse effects of the crisis after 2010. What lie beneath this positive development is increased foreign exchange revenues abroad and vigor experienced in construction industry and industrial production. The recovery experienced in economies of Russia and neighbor Kazakhstan resulted in increased exports and thus increased revenues in foreign currencies obtained from foreign countries. The political disturbances experienced in Bishkek in April 2011 and ethnic conflicts experienced in southern Kyrgyzstan in June 2011, created an adverse effect on the economy. The crisis resulted in degradation of investment environment, adversely influenced the foreign investments and increased the current account deficit. These developments adversely influenced the banking sector too. The government attempted to diminish effects of the crisis through financial incentives. The budget deficit emerged as a result of crisis was attempted to be closed through support secured from International Monetary Fund (IMF). IMF, World Bank and Asian Development Bank lent great support to invigorating Kyrgyzstan economy after events of April and July. According to IMF, if political instability goes on in Kyrgyzstan in medium and long term, economic problems shall continue. Uncertainties in banking sector are amongst the main factors which increase the economic risks. Recovery of Kyrgyzstan economy is dependent on medium term financial policy measures to be applied to the economy and balancing the foreign trade.
The Relationship between Innovation and Competition under the Framework of Clustering Model and Policies
Authors: Haykır Hobikoğlu Elif , Hacıoğlu Deniz Müjgan
Published: December 2019

Generally cluster aims to make all firms and corporates which belong to the same logistic chain to be professional about a specific area. Specifically cluster makes easier for corporates to be in front of their rivals by increasing efficiency, using advantages of geographical closeness and also with high specialization and providing important opportunities for high value-added products. Cluster policies have provided more efficient areas by means of highly competent regions for their firms. In this study, we have searched and analyzed the pre-requisite conditions for clusters and reasons behind them, the relationship between competition-venue and between innovation and clusters, also important actors in the process of cluster development. We have also explained the theoretical framework behind the concept of cluster and focus on the efficiency of clustering policies. In this framework, we try to put optimum samples of cluster policies both in Turkey and the globe. Under the global competition and within the era of research and knowledge, it is so crucial for firms to pay attention for importance of clusters and their role in benefiting form advantages of cluster policies. As a result, we can say that nation states today need to develop a multi-dimensional and mutual-influential national cluster policies in order to provide more appropriate manufacturing environment and innovative human capital for their national firms. Our study explains the reasons of this opinion by taking consideration of the realities of countries and some major industries with a number of real specific examples.
Turkey’s Export Potential: A Gravity Model Analysis
Authors: Ata Sezai
Published: December 2019

Given the high level of integration of the world economy, foreign trade has become very important for the development of a country. Even though Turkey exports goods and services to the majority of countries in each continent, until recently Turkey has basically focused on exports to developed European countries. The main purpose of this study is to analyze Turkey's export potential with the help of the gravity model. For this purpose, first a gravity model has been set up using panel data which consists of bilateral data for 68 countries for the period 1980-2009, and then Turkey’s exports potential to 67 countries, accounting for more than 90 percent of Turkey’s total exports, has been calculated. The most important finding of the study is that Turkey’s exports in general is below potential and there is a further room for increasing exports. In this context, according to our analysis, while Turkey’s export potential has been used up especially for developed European countries, high levels of untapped export potential exists for the majority of neighboring countries and for some of the developing countries. Another finding from this study is that trade between two countries increases proportional to their GDPs and decreases proportional to the distance between them. While the existence of features such as common language, contiguity, being parts of the same state in the past and using the same currency increases the trade between two countries, the effect of some variables on trade such as the real exchange rate depends on countries' level of development.
European Union, Eurasian Transportation Policies and Prospective Effects on Region Economies
Authors: Kuşcu Sinan
Published: December 2019

Accessibility is assumed as one of the most important indicators of a modern and advanced society. EU has structuring and development models in issues like transportation, informatics, politics, education, justice etc. The EU member states conduct intensive studies in fields of importance in line with a state’s individual priorities. The fundamental purpose of these studies is to bolster social welfare of member states, to improve trade and to attain commercial advantages over the competitors like Pacific Nations and North America. EU’s Transportation Policies reflect the EU transportation sector’s standards in general. In this study, we will discuss EU’s transportation policies, as a significant actor in the global economy, intended to attain some advantages in the international competition and particularly against Pacific nations as well as the effects of these policies on regional economies.
A Study on Poverty in Turkey and in the World
Authors: Taş H. Yunus , Özcan Selami
Published: December 2019

Poverty has become one of the most important problems for both underdeveloped and developed countries along with increasing globalization in the world since the second half of the 20th century. On the other hand, it has been claimed that the world is having its richest period of time. While two billion and five hundred millions of the people live under 2 US dollars, which has been determined by the World Bank as the poverty line, one billion and two hundred million of people live under 1 US dollar which has been determined as the hunger line. In our study, dimensions of poverty problems in certain significant countries and continents of the world (such as OECD and African countries) will be tried to be explained by giving quantities and graphics. Besides giving the rates of poverty in Turkey and Kazakhstan, studies concerning this issue and examples as regards their solutions will be given. As a result, suggestions towards lessening the rates of populations in those countries which have poverty and increasing life standards will be tried to ve given.
Economic Evaluation of Women Employment in the Context of Development Index According to Gender: Case of Turkey
Authors: Hacıoğlu Deniz Müjgan , Haykır Hobikoğlu Elif
Published: December 2019

In this study which aims to analyse the current situation of women employment in Turkey and its future perspective in the context of measurement of development index, an evalution of Turkey’s position at the range of global gender inequality and improvement policies considering future have been discussed. For this purpose in the context of development index based on gender, some important parameters such as wage differentials according to gender, employment participation rate according to gender, rate of women professionals at managerial position and income distributions according to gender were tried to be measured by means of basic indicators such as rate of literacy, rate of people getting higher education, representation rate at parliaments according to gender and life expectancy.
Development Strategies for Sustainable Urbanization in Turkey: KENTGES Action Plan (2010-2023) Case
Authors: Güler Mahmut , Turan Abdulmenaf
Published: December 2019

One of the main characteristics of Turkey which is one of the countries that is becoming urbanized fast is that the majority of population chooses metropolises and accumulates in metropolises rather than medium sized cities. In this sense, there are specific problems such as basic urban services especially in metropolises. Therefore, there is an increasing need for enhancing spatial life quality of urban settlements in turkey, strengthen economic and social structure, restructuring spatial planning system in Turkey. It was projected to prepare “Urban Development Strategy and Action Plan” for this aim. In this sense, “Raising Life Standards of Cities and Enabling Sustainable Development” was determined as the primary policy. Moreover, “Integrated Urban Development Strategy and Action Plan for Sustainable Urban Development” was prepared within scope of Program for Alignment with the EU Acquis. “ Integrated Urban Development Strategy and Action Plan 2010-2023”, with its short name Urban Development Strategy (KENTGES), comprises of settlement and urbanization; space, theme and extents of settlement and spatial planning within the principle of sustainability, make relations between spatial sectors within an integrated approach, enable adaptation with national basic policies. KENTGES is a national document which puts forward principles, strategies and actions for solution of structural problems of urbanization and providing healthy, balanced and habitable urban development; determines their practical principles and conveys them to an action program. In this paper, basic principles and practicability of the mentioned action plan which was prepared in order to enable sustainable urbanization in Turkey will be discussed.
Open Economy and Economic Integration within the Framework of Eurasia
Authors: Karatalov Omurbek
Published: December 2019

The Kyrgyz Republic economy openness is studied within the framework of the Eurasia. Insufficient level of the financial and economic standing of Kyrgyzstan is clarified. Reasons for Governmental regulating use in the area of monetary, tax and budget policy in USA have been set up. Conditions of the development of industrial countries economy are under consideration. The necessity of financialisation of all capital of country is defined. Kyrgyzstan public budget’s permanent deficiency formation reasons are studied. A necessity of integration economic relations development within the framework of Eurasia is offered. A necessity of sustainable economic relations establishment as well as finding solution for external debt between Kyrgyzstan and Russia have been justified. It is recommended to strengthen effective fight against a scale corruption, «shadow» economy and criminalization of economy and finances. The increase of efficiency and responsibility of top managers of the public administration level have been offered. The necessity of the independent mastering of own gold-mining fields is justified. The need to attract the foreign direct investments to the area of mining and processing industry have been offered. Within the framework of acceleration of economic integration. Needs for the development of exploring and processing of hydrocarbons as well as building of large economic entities especially the hydroelectric power stations, namely Kambar-Ata-1 Hydro-Power Plants have been suggested. By this it is also suggested to Russia to develop this as strategic partner of Kyrgyzstan. Creation of integral customs system and energy cooperation suggested. It should be supported by establishment of unique equivalent among Eurasia states. By this it is to be possible to find acceptable solutions in finance and economy and to form a united economic cooperation considering a sovereignty of each state. It is necessary to develop the identical financial reporting of point-of-sale and payment balances, balance of international investments, compliable national republics and on the whole on Eurasia. To walk away from the calculation and actual use of dollar of the USA in finance and economic operations. Based on econometric prognosis of gross internal product and the public budget of Kyrgyzstan is made calculating on the per to 2025 year.
EU Debt Crisis and Contagious Effect via Transmission Mechanisms: Possible Effects on Turkey
Authors: Topcu Mustafa Kemal , Gürson Poyraz , Ülker Halil İbrahim , Erkan Turan Erman
Published: December 2019

The common features of the crises, which are resulted from global crisis rooted from the US and emerged in Euro Zone sequentially, are the rate of public debt and budget deficit of GNP far from reflecting Maastricht criteria. Beginning in Greece in 2009, it has been seen in Ireland, Italy, Portugal, and Spain in a recent time. Although money union is established, leaving financial policies to country’s own initiative resulted in unsolved problems. Seeking solutions with IMF led to some sustainability programs. However, expectations show that debts will not be overcome for a long period. Towards this end, it is possible for Turkey to be affected since European Union is her biggest trade partner. There is a general consensus on that trade and credit channel of transmission mechanisms would affect Turkey. Export preserves its level at 55%. Likewise, a large part of foreign debt of Turkey is to European banks. Furthermore, sustainment of the recent growth trend of Turkey requires new funds. In case European banks strengthen their capital by means of downsizing their balance sheets as a restructuring, Turkey may be in a challenging position.
The Relationship between Oil Prices and Exchange Rate: The Case of Romania
Authors: ŞAHBAZ AHMET , Adıgüzel Uğur , Bayat Tayfur , Kayhan Selim
Published: December 2019

This study investigates to causality between crude oil prices and exchange rates in Romania employing monthly data from the beginning of floating exchange regime for November 2004 to December 2011. The study benefits from the recent advance in the time series econometric analysis and carries out non-linear causality and frequency domain causality tests. According to nonlinear causality test results there is no causality between the variables. Results show that frequency domain causality results slightly differentiate from the nonlinear causality analysis and imply that there is a causality running from real exchange rate to real oil price on the mediun and long run.
Analysis of Capital Flight in Developing Countries: A Study on Turkey between 1980 and 2010
Authors: Özer Ali , Doker Aslı Cansın , Türkmen Adem
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a relationship between Capital flight and some macroeconomic variables by using anual data between 1980 and 2010 in Turkey. Capital flight measured by World Bank (1985) method, was used as dependent variable and external debt, foreign direct investment, uncertainty, real GDP growth, exchange rates, trade balance and consumer price index were used as independent variables. Ordinary Least squares estimation method, Johansen-Jeselius cointegration test, Granger causality test and variance decomposition results produced by VEC model were used in the study. After those econometrics and economics analysis, this paper put forward that there is a long run relationship between some macroeconomic variables and capital flight.The results show external debt, foreign direct investment inflows, and foreign reserves to be the major effector of capital flight.
Health Care Reform and Household Welfare: Health Transformation Programme in Turkey
Authors: Bahçe Serdal , Köktas Altuğ Murat , Abukan Deniz
Published: December 2019

We assessed the health care reform and its effects on household’s welfare such as access to health care and household economic burden. We used descriptive analysis on 2002-2011 Ministry of Health and OECD Health Statistics. The main result is about using health care. Access to health care increased after health care reform in Turkey. Number of applications to health care service server and its units rose. On the other hand, financial burden of health care on household’s budget decreased number of applications. The main result percentage of not consulting a specialist even needed to consult a specialist but did not during the past 12 months is %4.9 in 2003 and %19.9 in 2010. To improve health care access, policy makers should improve public sector provision of health care, increase social security benefit packages and protect poor and vulnerable.
The Importance of Marmaris Tourism Industry on Development and Factors That Influence Russian Tourists in Choosing Marmaris
Authors: Bostan Aziz , Türk Zehra , Akyurt Kurnaz Hande
Published: December 2019

Turkey thanks to its natural and cultural tourism resources is an international tourism destination characterized by intense mobility. Due to the length and the seasonal availability of sea coast, especially from the Russian tourist market activity experienced in Marmaris. The purpose of this study, to determine the contribution of the tourism sector in the country's economy and Russian tourist profile were examined and investigated the reasons for choosing as a destination of Marmaris. Survey data collection techniques were used in the study of national and international research was supported by literature. In this context, the problem of the study, subject, scope and importance of the material and the methods used are explained and explained and the data obtained were analyzed. The results of this analysis are evaluated.
The Applicability of Responsibility Accounting System within the Scope of Increasing Efficiency in Hospital Bussinesses in Turkey
Authors: Karasioğlu Fehmi , Göktürk İbrahim Emre
Published: December 2019

In order to reduce the waste of resources of health to minimum level, The most important sub-system of the system must take the necessary precautions in hospitals. Improving the quality of services provided in hospitals, ensuring cost control in hospitals, increasing competition, promotion of private initiatives are important elements which help these bussinesses to increase their effectiveness. Because of human health is a matter of priority in health services, the businesses which offer this services should think the economic priorities for second plan. This is a policy based on hospital establishments with income instead of providing added value to the costs without compromising on quality to ensure a minimum to decrease the cost, with the creation of the control system will be possible.The complex and the complex structure of hospitals also complicates the management of these enterprises.With the centrifugal organization structure and the sparation of management in the responsibility fields, management of this complex structure can be provided more efficiently.The most important problems in Turkey, in hospitals, professional management and cost control as a responsibility accounting system is a system that will produce a solution to the problem proposed.
The Causal Relationship between Inflation and Unemployment: A Panel Cointegration and Causality Analysis
Authors: Gül Ekrem , Kamacı Ahmet , Konya Serkan
Published: December 2019

Central Asian Republics have been facing high unemployment rates and inflation problems since they established. This work is based on the Phillips curve, which deals the opposite relationship between inflation and unemployment. In the article, unemployment rates and Consumer Price Index (CPI) are used. Within this work, the relationship between inflation and unemployment is examined by the panel data analysis for Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia and Turkey (1996-2012).We acquired the data of this work from the web site of the IMF. Panel Unit Root Tests are used in order to test stagnation of the data. Afterwards Cointegration Test and Panel Causality Test are used. After that panel cointegration and panel causality tests were made to learn if a cointegral relationship was occurred between inflation and unemployment rate or not. As a result of this study we done, the data level is not stable. Because of that reason, we took the difference of them. There is a one-sided causal relation from inflation to unemployment rates in Turkey and other countries.
Ecoenterpreneurship and Banks
Authors: Işık Nilüfer
Published: December 2019

When we get into the heart of the economy, the production of goods and services consists of inputs of natural resources, capital, labor and initiative. Therefore, the value attributed to the production of each input is different. With booming economy and developing markets, natural source and entrepreneurship directed large and small company’s innovative mindset in order to increase production. This situation in the country increased competitiveness along with development of the economy. However it is overlooked that “Natural Resources” used as an input in the economy is processed unconsciously. At this point innovation, whose importance is realized more with the Innovation Economy, has developed and Eco entrepreneurship, which is one of the contemporary concepts, emerged. In the markets, entrepreneurs hoping to find new ways to create untouched markets, generated Eco entrepreneurship, which we will hear more in the future. In this study, it is tried to draw the attention of investors and companies to "Eco entrepreneurship", and banks to their share in the market with this concept.
The Role of Financial Reporting in Occurrence of Financial Crises: Are The Regulations Generated by International Financial Reporting Standards Suffic
Authors: Fırat Emine , Seldüz Hakan
Published: December 2019

Financial liberalization politics are utilized to cope with the economic dimension of globalization. They had important roles in occurrence and outspread of financial crises; and economic crises were triggered by the spread of financial crises to real economy. Because of financial liberalization; financial sector grew disproportionately developing faster than real economy. As the financial tools and methods got diversified, the sanction power of national regulations weakened due to the global dimension and a functional auditing mechanism could not be established. This enabled creative accounting practices and financial reporting manipulations and caused financial reports to become misleading and decreased their reliability. It is claimed by many researchers, that financial reporting again played an important role in the occurrence and spreading of the 2008 crisis, despite the fundamental amendments laid down with IFRS in 2003 and the continual updates. This study, which is displaying the characteristic features of a qualitative research, is carried out mainly by literature review. A wide and comprehensive investigation is meticulously executed on IFRS versions and drafts, the related legislation and regulations and the results of the some important researches about the allied subjects. The role of financial reports in occurrence of financial crises has been displayed. The effects of IFRS on financial reports are explored especially in terms of realism, transparency and reliability. The adequacies of the regulations are discussed, the risky points are spotlighted and proposals are put forward to minimize these risks in accordance with the principals of corporate governance.
The Feldstein–Horioka Puzzle in Balkan Countries: A Panel Co-integration Analysis
Authors: Örnek İbrahim , Utlu Selen , Baylan Mustafa
Published: December 2019

As the capital markets of developing countries have become highly integrated into the global market in recent years, the determination of the degree of capital mobility has gained importance. The purpose of this study is to determine the degree of integration of capital markets 10 developing Balkan countries (Macedonia, Romania, Greece, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Albania, Hungary and Slovenia) to integration of international capital markets the using of annual data in 1990-2012 period. Based on investment-saving co-integration, the degree of international capital mobility has tried to expose, using panel co-integration analysis. In the context of the results found, full capital mobility has not been observed in the countries concerned of during the period examined.
The Experience of Turkish Economy on Tax Smoothing
Authors: Bilgin Cevat , Kaynar Bilgin Handan
Published: December 2019

Taxes lead a deadweight loss and this deadweight loss increases with the tax rate. The main objective of the government should be deciding the tax rate which minimizes the deadweight loss. The planned tax rate is constant or the expected tax rate is the same as the current tax rate. The ‘random walk test’ of the tax smoothing hypothesis comes out by the fact that changes in the tax rate should be unpredictable. In other words, tax smoothing hypothesis implies that a tax rate has random walk behavior, but this behavior is not sufficient condition for tax smoothing. In this paper, a direct test of tax smoothing is presented; if future tax rate is cointegrate with the current permanent government expenditure rate, the tax smoothing hypothesis holds. By using this test, it is possible to differentiate among ‘strong tax smoothing’, ‘weak tax smoothing’ and ‘no-tax smoothing’. Application of this test to Turkey shows evidence in support of weak form of tax smoothing.
The Role of Logistics Services in Development of Foreign Trade in Central Asia
Authors: Çatalbaş Nazım
Published: December 2019

The crucial technical changes in the transport has significantly contributed to the globalization of production and trade. But, in the pure foreign trade theory, transport costs have been ignored, transportation costs are assumed to be zero. With the new approaches, the importance of logistics services in foreign trade has been understood. According to Porter's model, the logistics services are among the main activities and it determines the cost advantage. This study focuses on relationships between logistics services and foreign trade in the Central Asia. Central Asian countries’ data were compared with the other countries. Central Asia does not have a direct connection to any sea. Due to lack of territorial access to the sea and therefore remoteness and isolation from world markets causing high transit and transportation costs. While logistics performances are low in the landlocked developing countries, it is high in the developed countries. The low logistics performance increases the costs of foreign trade and cause waste of time in region. For reducing logistics costs in Central Asia, it should be renewed transport infrastructure, constructed alternative networks, harmonised customs and transit regimes in Asian countries and realized other arrangements facilitating the trade. These arrangements for cooperation among countries in the region as well as regional organizations are also required.
The Role of Advertising during Recession
Authors: Akyüz Ayşen , Ercilasun Mustafa
Published: December 2019

Advertising plays a key role in a dynamic economy. It provides valuable information about products and services in an efficient manner; communicates customer value, builds brand awareness and creates demand. In a recession, the first things that a company usually cuts come from the advertising budget. When companies begin to cut back on advertising during an economic downturn, they become less visible to the public. While it make sense to cut off from communication budget, the evidence shows that the companies which advertise during an economic downturn, have expanded their market share and have maintained their solid image. Therefore according to marketers, neglecting marketing efforts during an economic downturn will result in weakening the brand and making it less profitable in the long run. The present study aims to provide an understanding of the marketing communications’ specifically advertising’s impact on companies’ performance during and after recession. It lays out the theoretical foundations to evaluate the impact of advertising during the recessions and provides some evidence from the world. It is believed to be paramount to examine the existing literature and researches to create awareness in the field, about the importance and impact of advertising during economic downturns.
EU Enlargement to the Balkans: Membership Perspective to the Balkan Countries
Authors: Karluk S. Rıdvan
Published: December 2019

After the dispersion of the Soviet Union, the European Union embarked upon an intense relationship with the Central and Eastern European Countries. The transition into capital market and democratization of these countries had been supported by the Ministers of Foreign Affairs at the beginning of 1989 before the collapse of the Soviet Union System. The European Agreements were signed between the EU and Hungary, Poland, and Czechoslovakia on December 16th, 1991. 10 Central and Eastern Europe Countries became the members of the EU on May 1st, 2004. With the accession of Bulgaria and Romania into the EU on January 1st, 2007, the number of the EU member countries reached up to 27, and finally extending to 28 with the membership of Croatia to the EU on July 1st, 2013. Removing the Western Balkan States, Serbia, Montenegro, Albania, and Bosnia and Herzegovina from the scope of external relations, the EU included these countries in the enlargement process in 2005.The European Commission has determined 2014 enlargement policy priorities as dealing with the fundamentals on preferential basis. In this context, the developments in the Balkans will be closely monitored within the scope of a new approach giving priority to the superiority of law. The enlargement process of the EU towards the Balkans and whether or not the Western Balkan States will join the Union will be analyzed.
The Liability of Seller for the Conformity of the Goods in Contracts of Sale According to United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International
Authors: Özel Çağlar , Okyar Dila
Published: December 2019

In practice, breach of contract cases mostly involve controversies over the failure of the seller to deliver conforming goods in accordance with the contract. Article 35 CISG defines the obligation of the seller to deliver conforming goods in a very broad and uniformed manner as it states that, the seller must deliver goods which are of the quantity, quality and description required by the contract and which are contained or packaged in the manner required by the contract. CISG provides two criteria for the assessment of the non-conformity of goods. One of them is called “subjective” criterion of non-conformity. It goes without saying that the goods delivered shall be in conformity with all specifications agreed upon by the parties whether explicitly or implicitly. The other one is called “objective” criterion. If the agreement of the parties does not involve any specifications at all– like in the case of routine and quick orders of purchase, or if the agreement of the parties is insufficient in this respect, conformity of the goods will be decided according to the objective criterion. In accordance with Article 35 CISG, Article 36 CISG establishes the responsibility of the seller for any lack of conformity which exists at the time when the risk passes to the buyer, even though the lack of conformity becomes apparent only after that time. Regarding this, Article 67 CISG defines the moment at which the risk passes to the buyer and thus, divides the responsibility between the seller and the buyer.
Foreign Trade Activities of Individual Enterprise in Kyrgyz Republic and Issues of its Development
Authors: Fynchina Khicheza
Published: December 2019

This article is dedicated to a complex evaluation of individual enterprise in Kyrgyz Republic. In general, this field determines the solution of many social and economic issues in the country. Among them are the organizations of population self-employment, development of business initiatives promoted by citizens, efficient use of population funds and strengthening of financial ground of local budgets. All mentioned above gives an opportunity to move to a more advanced level of business entrepreneurship. Based on the statistical data analysis it was possible to discuss the major development trends in individual enterprise and its impact on the economic progress of the country. One of the peculiar branches of individual enterprise is “shuttle trading” which has a very special feature in the economic development of Kyrgyz Republic. Possible ways are shown both for the development of individual enterprise and the “shuttle trading” in particular for near future. In addition, the restricting factors of individual enterprise are defined. There are several ways to support individual enterprise by means of dedicated tax policy, mainly through the system of tax allowance consisting of support individual enterprise. Determination of the development plan is very crucial, especially through the perspective of joining the Eurasian Customs Union.
Middle Income Trap and Balance of Payments Constraint in the Turkish Economy
Authors: Kaya Zekayi , Tokucu Erkan , Aykırı Murat , Durmuş Cahit
Published: December 2019

Since the 1980’s, the growth rates have been continuously fluctuating because of internal and external economic and politic developments. These fluctuating - low growth rates led to a discussion on the middle income trap which is an outcome of low growth rates in Turkey.
According to the some indicators, there is a middle income trap in the Turkish economy and the competitiveness of the economy has been decreasing in the international area because of the trap. It is seen that especially technology and innovations are the prominents factors that the governments have to take into account.
This study is on the middle income trap in Turkey. In this context, firstly, the definitions of income traps, income grups, and the middle income trap will be given. Second, the causes of the middle income trap and the exit strategies from the trap will be expressed. Third, some indicators of the economy will be examined and compared with the high middle income and the high income countries. Fourth, the rank of the Turkish economy in the global competitiveness indeks will be shown and compared with the other countries. Fifth, the relationship between the middle income trap and the balance of payments will be investigated in context of the Thirlwall Rule. Finally, in order to escape from the trap, some policy proposals of the authors will be asserted.