bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arthroscopic-Assisted Toggle Rod Stabilization in Canine Coxofemoral Luxation: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Rivenburg Rachel E. , Murphy Sean M. , Jones Ciaran T. , Martin Kyle W.
Published: July 2022

Objective The aim of this study was to describe an arthroscopic-assisted technique for coxofemoral toggle rod placement, and to report on the feasibility, drill tunnel trajectory and accuracy of tunnel aperture location using this method.

Study Design Cadaveric pilot study.

Sample Population Eight coxofemoral joints.

Methods Craniodorsal coxofemoral joint luxations were artificially created. A simulated open hip reduction and stabilization with a toggle rod were performed through a limited arthrotomy under arthroscopic guidance. Computed tomography scans were performed to evaluate drill hole trajectory across the femoral neck, and joints were disarticulated and photographed. Digital imaging software was used to determine the percent overlap of the drill hole apertures relative to the origin and insertion of the round ligament on the acetabulum and fovea.

Results The exit point of the tunnel was entirely within the fovea capitis in five of eight femurs, three of eight femoral drill apertures were only partially within the target area. Of the eight acetabular bone tunnels examined, all were centred occupying the acetabular fossa.

Conclusions Coxofemoral toggle rod placement can be performed under arthroscopic guidance through a limited arthrotomy. Comparable femoral tunnel accuracy with the standard open technique should be achieved with the current method prior to its clinical use.
Effect of Needle and Extracorporeal Shockwave Stimulation of Acupuncture Points on Equine Chronic Multilimb Lameness Using a Single-Formula Approach
Authors: Labens Raphael , Schramme Michael , Hale Josephine Nicole Sampson , Teixeira-Neto Antônio Raphael
Published: July 2022

Objective The aim of this study was to compare effects with conventional (needle and electroacupuncture, NAP) and shockwave stimulation of acupuncture points (SAP) on chronic multilimb lameness in horses.

Study Design Randomized crossover block design; ten mature Standardbred mares with multilimb lameness (< 4/10) underwent 3-weekly point stimulations (NAP/SAP) selected on the basis of their uniform applicability. Groups were reversed following a washout period (9 weeks). Lameness at the trot was video recorded and quantified objectively using an inertial sensor-based system during a 4-week pre- and post-treatment period. Blinded expert review of recordings resulted in subjective qualitative (better, same, or worse) and quantitative outcome measures (0–10 lameness grade). Mixed effect repeated measures analyses were performed on objective quantitative gait parameters specific to fore (Vector sum [VSHead]) and hindlimb lameness (average differences in minimum [DIFFMINPelvis] and maximum pelvic height [DIFFMAXPelvis]) Qualitative data were assessed in non-parametric tests.

Results SAP had no effect on forelimb but improved hindlimb lameness (DIFFMINPelvis; p < 0.001). NAP was associated with deterioration of forelimb lameness (VSHead, p < 0.001) and had no effect on hindlimb lameness. VSHead data differed between modalities when accounting for the time of observation (interaction effect; p = 0.002). For other quantitative gait parameters, a difference between modalities was not observed. SAP was associated with greater animal comfort post-treatment compared with pre-treatment assessments (p = 0.036). Typically, improvement occurred by one and deterioration by two lameness grades.

Conclusion SAP and NAP were not associated with the same treatment outcome. SAP slightly improved but did not alleviate all lameness. Given the non-invasive nature of SAP, this method may have potential in the management of chronic multilimb lameness.
Awareness, Psychological State, and Coping Skills among the Frontline Doctors during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Apurva Mittal , Kumar Shishir , Prabhu Santosh , Bhat U Shrinivasa
Published: July 2022

Background Frontline doctors managing the current novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic work under stressful conditions due to change in workload, working pattern, and worries about the infection to themselves and families with frequently changing treatment protocols. Their psychological well-being is necessary for the effective management of the health crisis.

Objectives This study aims to assess the psychological state and worries of frontline doctors while dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic, the various coping skills employed by them for maintaining their mental health, and the knowledge about illness and related myths and misinformation among them. A further objective is to compare the above between two groups of frontline doctors: the consultants and the junior residents (JR) working in the hospital.

Materials and Methods A total of 164 participants (76 consultants and 88 JRs) were cross-sectionally evaluated online using a prevalidated questionnaire within a period of 3 months after obtaining institutional ethics approval

Statistical Analysis The study sample and results were described using descriptive analysis. The association between the categorical variables was measured using chi-squared test.

Results Most participants frequently updated themselves through reliable sources (consultants = 92%, JR = 73.9%) predominantly from the hospital task force and university. Overall, 71% of consultants and 58% of JRs were worried about being infected. JRs were significantly more worried about the spread of infection due to faulty sterilization of the protective equipment as compared to the consultants (p = 0.031). Most participants were worried about their families getting infected (consultants = 79%, JR =89.8%). Both consultants (18.4%) and JRs (35.2%) had sleep disturbances. Although most did not have syndromal depressive features and COVID-19-related anxiety, tiredness (45.1%) and worrying too much (47.5%) were the most common psychological symptoms. Almost all participants (consultants = 76.3%, JR = 80.7%) used multiple coping styles, such as avoiding thinking about COVID-19, listening to music, and physical activities.

Conclusion Frontline doctors overall reported higher worries regarding their family being infected and protective equipment-related issues, whereas they had less core depressive and anxiety symptoms. They had adequate COVID-19-related awareness and used multiple coping skills.
Alternative role of motif B in template dependent polymerase inhibition
Authors: Luo Xueying , Xu Tiantian , Gao Xin , Zhang Lu
Published: July 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) relies on the central molecular machine RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) for the viral replication and transcription. Remdesivir at the template strand has been shown to effectively inhibit the RNA synthesis in SARS-CoV-2 RdRp by deactivating not only the complementary UTP incorporation but also the next nucleotide addition. How-ever, the underlying molecular mechanism of the second inhibitory point remains unclear. In this work, we have performed molecular dynamics simulations and demonstrated that such inhibition has not directly acted on the nucleotide addition at the active site. Instead, the translocation of Remdesivir from +1 to −1 site is hindered thermodynamically as the post-translocation state is less stable than the pre-translocation state due to the motif B residue G683. Moreover, another conserved residue S682 on motif B further hinders the dynamic translocation of Remdesivir due to the steric clash with the 1′-cyano substitution. Overall, our study has unveiled an alternative role of motif B in mediating the translocation when Remdesivir is present in the template strand and complemented our understanding about the inhibitory mechanisms exerted by Remdesivir on the RNA synthesis in SARS-CoV-2 RdRp.
The allied health workforce of rural Aotearoa New Zealand: a scoping review
Authors: Walker Sarah M. , Kennedy Ewan , Nixon Garry , Blattner Katharina
Published: July 2022

Introduction The allied health workforce is a crucial, if at times poorly visible, component of modern healthcare systems. The services provided by allied health professionals may be particularly important for underserved populations, including rural and remote communities. Aim To determine what is currently known through research about the allied health workforce in rural Aotearoa New Zealand. Method A scoping review of diverse sources of literature from Aotearoa New Zealand was obtained from seven databases (July 2011–July 2021). Results Eighty-nine articles were identified, of which 10 met the inclusion criteria; nine empirical studies and one narrative review. The included research fell into two main categories: geographic workforce distribution (n = 8), and the role of the rural allied health workforce (n = 2). Discussion The paucity of research that meets the criteria for inclusion makes it difficult to draw conclusions about the allied health workforce in rural Aotearoa New Zealand. There is a focus in both the international rural allied health literature and the Aotearoa New Zealand rural medical and nursing literature on: measuring geographic workforce distribution; and rural-specific training. This suggests that these issues are important to the rural workforce. Similar research is needed in Aotearoa New Zealand to inform policy and ensure the rural allied health workforce reaches its full potential in improving health outcomes for rural New Zealanders.
Comparing
in planta
accumulation with microbial routes to set targets for a cost-competitive bioeconomy
Authors: Yang Minliang , Liu Di , Baral Nawa Raj , Lin Chien-Yuan , Simmons Blake A. , Gladden John M. , Eudes Aymerick , Scown Corinne D.
Published: July 2022

Plants and microbes share common metabolic pathways for producing a range of bioproducts that are potentially foundational to the future bioeconomy. However,
in planta
accumulation and microbial production of bioproducts have never been systematically compared on an economic basis to identify optimal routes of production. A detailed technoeconomic analysis of four exemplar compounds (4-hydroxybenzoic acid [4-HBA], catechol, muconic acid, and 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid [PDC]) is conducted with the highest reported yields and accumulation rates to identify economically advantaged platforms and breakeven targets for plants and microbes. The results indicate that
in planta
mass accumulation ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 dry weight % (dwt%) can achieve costs comparable to microbial routes operating at 40 to 55% of maximum theoretical yields. These yields and accumulation rates are sufficient to be cost competitive if the products are sold at market prices consistent with specialty chemicals ($20 to $50/kg). Prices consistent with commodity chemicals will require an order-of-magnitude-greater accumulation rate for plants and/or yields nearing theoretical maxima for microbial production platforms. This comparative analysis revealed that the demonstrated accumulation rates of 4-HBA (3.2 dwt%) and PDC (3.0 dwt%) in engineered plants vastly outperform microbial routes, even if microbial platforms were to reach theoretical maximum yields. Their recovery and sale as part of a lignocellulosic biorefinery could enable biofuel prices to be competitive with petroleum. Muconic acid and catechol, in contrast, are currently more attractive when produced microbially using a sugar feedstock. Ultimately, both platforms can play an important role in replacing fossil-derived products.
Reversible mitophagy drives metabolic suppression in diapausing beetles
Authors: Lebenzon Jacqueline E. , Denezis Peter W. , Mohammad Lamees , Mathers Katherine E. , Turnbull Kurtis F. , Staples James F. , Sinclair Brent J.
Published: July 2022

Many insects enter a state of dormancy (diapause) during winter in which they lower their metabolism to save energy. Metabolic suppression is a hallmark of diapause, yet we know little about the mechanisms underpinning metabolic suppression in winter or how it is reversed in the spring. Here, we show that metabolic suppression in dormant Colorado potato beetles results from the breakdown of flight muscle mitochondria via mitophagy. Diapausing Colorado potato beetles suppress their metabolism by 90%, and this lowered metabolic rate coincides with a similar reduction in flight muscle mitochondrial function and density. During early diapause, beetles increase the expression of mitophagy-related transcripts (
Parkin
and
ATG5
) in their flight muscle coincident with an increase in mitophagy-related structures in the flight muscle. Knocking down
Parkin
expression with RNA interference in diapausing beetles prevented some mitochondrial breakdown and partially restored the whole animal metabolic rate, suggesting that metabolic suppression in diapausing beetles is driven by mitophagy. In other animals and in models of disease, such large-scale mitochondrial degradation is irreversible. However, we show that as diapause ends, beetles reverse mitophagy and increase the expression of
PGC1α
and
NRF1
to replenish flight muscle mitochondrial pools. This mitochondrial biogenesis is activated in anticipation of diapause termination and in the absence of external stimuli. Our study provides a mechanistic link between mitochondrial degradation in insect tissues over the winter and whole-animal metabolic suppression.
Is transcreation a service or a strategy?
Authors: Carreira Oliver
Published: July 2022

Transcreation is a practice with a status that has to date not been consolidated in the field of Translation
Studies. While some authors consider that the term brings little value to the discipline (Bernal Merino 2006; Gambier and Munday 2014), others define transcreation
as a service involving the creative adaptation of marketing and advertising content (Pedersen
2014; TAUS 2019) or as a strategy adopted in creative areas like AVT (Malenova 2017; Chaume 2018), localization
(Mangirón and O’Hagan 2006; Crosignani and
Ravetto 2011) and literary translation (Lal 1996; De Campos 2013). The above definitions reflect the perspectives of the language services industry and
academia. However, the points of view of individual language professionals have not usually been considered when conceptualizing
transcreation. The purpose of this paper is to address these perceptions by adopting a social qualitative approach by means of an
instrument called “The DTP Survey.” The results of this survey seem to point to a dual definition of transcreation as both a
service and a strategy, with both approaches being compatible and not mutually exclusive as they have been in previous
characterizations of the practice.
Translation policy in health care settings in Ontario
Authors: Wang Wanhong
Published: July 2022

In a world of increasing globalisation, governments, including Canada, face ongoing challenges in their efforts to
integrate immigrant languages and to communicate with their users in public service settings. By exploring the translation policy
in health care settings in Ontario, Canada, this research investigates how immigrant language barriers in health care access are
addressed there, and probes into ideologies around the issue of immigrant language integration. Ontarian translation policy in
health care settings is pragmatic yet cautious and laissez-faire. It indicates inclusiveness to accommodate immigrants; but it
also reveals considerable tensions and hesitations. The belief that translation is a necessary measure to secure immigrants’ equal
health care rights has been largely overridden at the regional and institutional level in Ontario, hindering further planning and
more effective provision. The inadequate value designated to translation in terms of immigrant integration by government
authorities, the ambiguous and ambivalent stances of Toronto Central Local Health Integration Network and some hospitals on
translation provision against budgetary concern and the expectation for linguistic homogeneity all play roles in determining the
flexibility and fluctuation of translation policy in health care settings in Ontario.
Active and passive defects in tetragonal tungsten bronze relaxor ferroelectrics
Authors: Wang Bi-Xia , Krogstad M J , Zheng H , Osborn R , Rosenkranz S , Phelan D
Published: July 2022

Tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB) based oxides constitute a large family of dielectric materials which are known to exhibit complex distortions producing incommensurately modulated superstructures as well as significant local deviations from their average symmetry. The local deviations produce diffuse scattering in diffraction experiments. The structure as well as the charge dynamics of these materials are anticipated to be sensitive to defects, such as cation or oxygen vacancies. In this work, in an effort to understand how the structural and charge dynamical properties respond to these two types of vacancy defects, we have performed measurements of dielectric susceptibilities and single crystal diffraction experiments of two types of TTB materials with both ‘filled’ (Ba2NdFeNb4O15 and Ba2PrFeNb4O15) and ‘unfilled’ (Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6) cation sublattices. We also perform these measurements before and after oxygen annealing, which alters the oxygen vacancy concentrations. Surprisingly, we find that many of the diffuse scattering features that are present in the unfilled structure are also present in the filled structure, suggesting that the random fields and disorder that are characteristic of the unfilled structure are not responsible for many of the local structural features that are reflected in the diffuse scattering. Oxygen annealing clearly affected both color and dielectric properties, consistent with a diminishment of the oxygen vacancy concentration, but had little effect on observed diffuse patterns.
Multi-fault diagnosis of rotating machinery via iterative multivariate variational mode decomposition
Authors: Li Zhaolun , Lv Yong , Yuan Rui , Zhang Qixiang
Published: July 2022

Multivariate variational mode decomposition (MVMD) is a novel extension of variational mode decomposition (VMD) for multi-channel data sets. It decomposes multi-component and multi-channel signals into multivariate modulated oscillations crossing different center frequencies and limited bandwidths with sparse characteristics. MVMD inherits all the limitations of VMD and faces challenges in processing mechanical failure signals. The pre-selected values of the mode number K and balance parameters α still have the most significant impact on the decomposition results. Although the parameter-optimization method solves the problem of parameter selection to a certain extent, the result is often not optimal, and it is difficult to deal with multi-fault signals. A new multi-fault diagnosis method is proposed in this paper to solve these problems. Firstly, a new index, called the weighted combined fault index, is proposed to evaluate the fault information contained in each mode decomposed by MVMD, which is the criterion for selecting the optimal mode. Secondly, an iterative decomposition algorithm based on MVMD is proposed to iteratively decompose different fault components into the optimal modes to extract all potential fault information. Benefiting from these algorithms, this method applies MVMD to multi-fault diagnosis with adaptive parameter selection. Through simulations and experiments, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are verified.
A novel fault diagnosis method of wind turbine bearings based on compressed sensing and AlexNet
Authors: Gu Heng , Liu Wenyi , Zhang Yang , Jiang Xiangyu
Published: July 2022

The bearing is the core component which ensures the normal operation of the wind turbine. The vibration signal based on fault diagnosis is non-linear, non-stationary and causes serious noise pollution. Conventional methods are difficult to demodulate, and the operation is complex. With the increasing capacity of wind turbine assemblers, the signal samples based on Shannon sampling theorem are also increasing, which brings great pressure to data transmission and storage. Deep learning based on big data-driven for wind turbine running condition monitoring plays an effective role in the field of fault diagnosis. However, data training depends on a large amount of data and takes a long time. Therefore, a novel fault diagnosis method based on compressed sensing (CS) and AlexNet is proposed. This method used small sample data. Firstly, the signal is sparsely processed by stagewise orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm, so that the sparse signal is convenient for signal transmission and can alleviate the pressure of signal storage. Secondly, the CS theory is used to restore the signal and reduce the noise of the signal. Thirdly, a fault-free signal is selected and compared with the fault signal with the same phase to obtain the characteristic residual signal. Next, they are subjected to continuous wavelet transform to obtain the wavelet spectrum of the signal. Finally, it is constructed into a pseudo-trichromatic graph and put into the improved AlexNet network to obtain the effect of fault diagnosis. Compared with other methods, experiment shows that the proposed method has higher accuracy in wind turbine fault diagnosis
Concurrent kilovoltage CBCT imaging and megavoltage beam delivery: suppression of cross-scatter with 2D antiscatter grids and grid-based scatter sampling
Authors: Bayat Farhang , Eldib Mohamed Elsayed , Kavanagh Brian , Miften Moyed , Altunbas Cem
Published: July 2022

Objective. The concept of using kilovoltage (kV) and megavoltage (MV) beams concurrently has potential applications in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) guided radiation therapy, such as single breath hold scans, metal artifact reduction, and simultaneous imaging during MV treatment delivery. However, MV cross-scatter generated during MV beam delivery degrades CBCT image quality. To address this, a 2D antiscatter grid and a cross-scatter correction method were investigated in the context of high dose MV treatment delivery. Approach. A 3D printed, tungsten 2D antiscatter grid prototype was utilized in kV CBCT scans to reduce MV cross-scatter fluence during concurrent MV beam delivery. Remaining cross-scatter in projections was corrected by using the 2D grid itself as a cross-scatter intensity sampling device, referred to as grid-based scatter sampling (GSS). To test this approach, kV CBCT acquisitions were performed while delivering 6 and 10 MV beams, mimicking high dose rate treatment delivery scenarios. kV and MV beam deliveries were not synchronized to eliminate MV beam delivery interruption. MV cross-scatter suppression performance of the proposed approach was evaluated in projections and CBCT images of phantoms. Main results. 2D grid reduced the intensity of MV cross-scatter in kV projections by a factor of 3 on the average, when compared to conventional antiscatter grid. Remaining cross scatter as measured by the GSS method was within 7% of measured reference intensity values, and subsequently corrected. CBCT image quality was improved substantially during concurrent kV–MV beam delivery. Median Hounsfield Unit (HU) inaccuracy was up to 182 HU without our methods, and it was reduced to a median 6.5 HU with our 2D grid and scatter correction approach. Our methods provided a factor of 2–6 improvement in contrast-to-noise ratio. Significance. This investigation demonstrates the utility of 2D antiscatter grids and grid-based scatter sampling in suppressing MV cross-scatter. Our approach successfully minimized the effects of MV cross-scatter in concurrent kV CBCT imaging and high dose MV treatment delivery scenarios. Hence, robust MV cross-scatter suppression is potentially feasible without MV beam delivery interruption or compromising kV image acquisition rate.
Adaptation and dosimetric commissioning of a synchrotron-based proton beamline for FLASH experiments
Authors: Yang Ming , Wang Xiaochun , Guan Fada , Titt Uwe , Iga Kiminori , Jiang Dadi , Takaoka Takeshi , Tootake Satoshi , Katayose Tadashi , Umezawa Masumi , Schüler Emil , Frank Steven , Lin Steven H , Sahoo Narayan , Koong Albert C , Mohan Radhe , Zhu X Ronald
Published: July 2022

Objective. Irradiation with ultra-high dose rates (>40 Gy s−1), also known as FLASH irradiation, has the potential to shift the paradigm of radiation therapy because of its reduced toxicity to normal tissues compared to that of conventional irradiations. The goal of this study was to (1) achieve FLASH irradiation conditions suitable for pre-clinical i
n vitro and in vivo biology experiments using our synchrotron-based proton beamline and (2) commission the FLASH irradiation conditions achieved. Approach. To achieve these suitable FLASH conditions, we made a series of adaptations to our proton beamline, including modifying the spill length and size of accelerating cycles, repurposing the reference monitor for dose control, and expanding the field size with a custom double-scattering system. We performed the dosimetric commissioning with measurements using an Advanced Markus chamber and EBT-XD films as well as with Monte Carlo simulations. Main results. Through adaptations, we have successfully achieved FLASH irradiation conditions, with an average dose rate of up to 375 Gy s−1. The Advanced Markus chamber was shown to be appropriate for absolute dose calibration under our FLASH conditions with a recombination factor ranging from 1.002 to 1.006 because of the continuous nature of our synchrotron-based proton delivery within a spill. Additionally, the absolute dose measured using the Advanced Markus chamber and EBT-XD films agreed well, with average and maximum differences of 0.32% and 1.63%, respectively. We also performed a comprehensive temporal analysis for FLASH spills produced by our system, which helped us identify a unique relationship between the average dose rate and the dose in our FLASH irradiation. Significance. We have established a synchrotron-based proton FLASH irradiation platform with accurate and precise dosimetry that is suitable for pre-clinical biology experiments. The unique time structure of the FLASH irradiation produced by our synchrotron-based system may shed new light onto the mechanism behind the FLASH effect.
A critical assessment of solutions to the galaxy diversity problem
Authors: Zentner Aidan , Dandavate Siddharth , Slone Oren , Lisanti Mariangela
Published: July 2022

Galactic rotation curves exhibit a diverse range of inner slopes. Observational data indicates that explaining this diversity may require a mechanism that correlates a galaxy's surface brightness with the central-most region of its dark matter halo. In this work, we compare several concrete models that capture the relevant physics required to explain the galaxy diversity problem. We focus specifically on a Self-Interacting Dark Matter (SIDM) model with an isothermal core and two Cold Dark Matter (CDM) models with/without baryonic feedback. In contrast to the CDM case, the SIDM model can lead to the formation of an isothermal core in the halo, and is also mostly insensitive to baryonic feedback processes, which act on longer time-scales. Using rotation curves from 90 galaxies in the Spitzer Photometry & Accurate Rotation Curves (SPARC) catalog, we perform a comprehensive model comparison that addresses issues of statistical methodology from prior works. The best-fit halo models that we recover are consistent with standard CDM concentration-mass and abundance matching relations. We find that both the SIDM and feedback-affected CDM models are better than a CDM model with no feedback in explaining the rotation curves of low and high surface brightness galaxies in the sample. However, when compared to each other, there is no strong statistical preference for either the SIDM or the feedback-affected CDM halo model as the source of galaxy diversity in the SPARC catalog.
Blandford-Znajek monopole expansion revisited: novel non-analytic contributions to the power emission
Authors: Camilloni Filippo , Dias Oscar J.C. , Grignani Gianluca , Harmark Troels , Oliveri Roberto , Orselli Marta , Placidi Andrea , Santos Jorge E.
Published: July 2022

The Blandford and Znajek (BZ) split-monopole serves as an important theoretical example of the mechanism that can drive the electromagnetic extraction of energy from Kerr black holes. It is constructed as a perturbative low spin solution of Force Free Electrodynamics (FFE). Recently, Armas et al. put this construction on a firmer footing by clearing up issues with apparent divergent asymptotics. This was accomplished by resolving the behavior around the outer light surface, a critical surface of the FFE equations.
Building on this, we revisit the BZ perturbative expansion, and extend the perturbative approach to higher orders in the spin parameter of the Kerr black hole.
We employ matched-asymptotic-expansions and semi-analytic techniques to extend the split-monopole solution to the sixth-order in perturbation theory. The expansion necessarily includes novel logarithmic contributions in the spin parameter.
We show that these higher order terms result in non-analytic contributions to the power and angular momentum output. In particular, we compute for the first time the perturbative contributions to the energy extraction at seventh- and eighth-order in the spin parameter.
The resulting formula for the energy extraction
improves the agreement with numerical simulations at finite spin.
Moreover, we present a novel numerical procedure for resolving the FFE equations across the outer light surface, resulting in significantly faster convergence and greater accuracy, and extend this to higher orders as well.
Finally, we include a general discussion of light surfaces as critical surfaces of the FFE equations.
Fusion neutrons from femtosecond relativistic laser-irradiated sub-micron aggregates in a rapid expanding jet of supercritical CO2 + CD3OD mixture
Authors: Semenov T A , Gorlova D A , Dzhidzhoev M S , Ivanov K A , Lazarev A V , Mareev E I , Minaev N V , Trubnikov D N , Tsymbalov I N , Volkov R V , Savel’ev A B , Gordienko V M
Published: July 2022

A new approach is proposed to form a jet with submicron aggregates for femtosecond laser neutron generation under nonlinear interaction with relativistically intense laser pulse. Aggregates are formed through the rapid expansion into vacuum of the supercritical mixture of CO2 + CD3OD (3:1). For the first time, fusion neutrons (2.45 MeV) with a peak output of 3 × 103 neutron/pulse/4π and efficiency of 6 × 104 neutron J−1 were obtained under interaction of Ti:Sa laser pulse having 3 × 1018 W cm−2 intensity with submicron aggregates produced from supercritical CO2 + CD3OD mixture.
fNIRS-based adaptive visuomotor task improves sensorimotor cortical activation
Authors: Zheng Yilei , Tian Bohao , Zhuang Zhiqi , Zhang Yuru , Wang Dangxiao
Published: July 2022

Objective. Investigating how to promote the functional activation of the central sensorimotor system is an important goal in the neurorehabilitation research domain. We aim to validate the effectiveness of facilitating cortical excitability using a closed-loop visuomotor task, in which the task difficulty is adaptively adjusted based on an individual’s sensorimotor cortical activation. Approach. We developed a novel visuomotor task, in which subjects moved a handle of a haptic device along a specific path while exerting a constant force against a virtual surface under visual feedback. The difficulty levels of the task were adapted with the aim of increasing the activation of sensorimotor areas, measured non-invasively by functional near-infrared spectroscopy. The changes in brain activation of the bilateral prefrontal cortex, sensorimotor cortex, and the occipital cortex obtained during the adaptive visuomotor task (adaptive group), were compared to the brain activation pattern elicited by the same duration of task with random difficulties in a control group. Main results. During one intervention session, the adaptive group showed significantly increased activation in the bilateral sensorimotor cortex, also enhanced effective connectivity between the prefrontal and sensorimotor areas compared to the control group. Significance. Our findings demonstrated that the functional near-infrared spectroscopy-based adaptive visuomotor task with high ecological validity can facilitate the neural activity in sensorimotor areas and thus has the potential to improve hand motor functions.
Complexity, information geometry, and Loschmidt echo near quantum criticality
Authors: Jaiswal Nitesh , Gautam Mamta , Sarkar Tapobrata
Published: July 2022

We consider the Nielsen complexity (NC)

C

N

, the Loschmidt echo (LE)

L

, and the Fubini-study complexity τ in the transverse XY model, following a sudden quantum quench, in the thermodynamic limit. At small times, the first two are related by

L
∼

e

−

C

N

. By computing a novel time-dependent quantum information metric, we show that in this regime,

C

N

∼
d

τ

2

, up to lowest order in perturbation. The former relation continues to hold in the same limit at large times, whereas the latter does not. Our results indicate that in the thermodynamic limit, the NC and the LE show enhanced temporal oscillations when one quenches from a close neighbourhood of the critical line, while such oscillations are notably absent when the quench is on such a line. We explain this behaviour by studying the nature of quasi-particle excitations in the vicinity of criticality. Finally, we argue that the triangle inequality for the NC might be violated in certain regions of the parameter space, and point out why one should be careful about the nature of the interaction Hamiltonian, while using this measure.
Mathematical optimization model on BP neural network for the preparation of C4 olefins by ethanol coupling
Authors: Huang Linjie , Rong Yihua , Wang Lifeng
Published: July 2022

With industrial production, the continuous consumption of resources, people’s use, and consumption of resources make the community concerned about resources. C4 olefins are used as significant raw materials in chemical production, and the use of ethanol coupling to prepare C4 olefins will become an important route in industrial production in the future. The data of ethanol conversion and C4 olefin selectivity can reflect the utilization of resources in the reflective process.

With the rapid growth of machine learning and intelligent computing, a large number and different kinds of models have been constructed for the utilization and consumption of resources, which makes it possible to optimize the process of ethanol coupling for the preparation of C4 olefins. The objective of this paper is to construct a mathematical optimization model for the preparation of C4 olefins by ethanol coupling. Firstly, the catalyst combination was split, and secondly, the prediction model for ethanol conversion and C4 selectivity was constructed based on BP neural network. Finally, the feasibility of the model was tested by determining three indicators, Correlation Coefficient (R), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). Meanwhile, the PCA algorithm was applied to rank the degree of influence of catalyst and temperature on the conversion of ethanol and C4 olefin selectivity.
Effects of temperature on the ohmic internal resistance and energy loss of Lithium-ion batteries under millisecond pulse discharge
Authors: Yue Yunrui , Li Song , Cheng Xinbing , Wei Jinhong , Zeng Fanzheng , Zhou Xiang , Yang Jianhua
Published: July 2022

Battery energy storage technology has a promising future in the field of compact high-power pulse drivers due to its high energy storage density. In this paper, three types of high-performance lithium batteries, such as lithium titanate (LTO) battery, lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery, and Ni,Co,Al (NCR) ternary lithium-ion battery, have been studied in different ambient temperatures by using DC internal resistance measurement method. The result shows that the ohmic internal resistance of lithium batteries increases when the temperature drops. When the temperature is above -30 °C, the ohmic internal resistances of the three types of battery are nearly identical. At -50 °C, the ohmic internal resistances of LFP battery and LTO battery are about 83 mΩ and 151 mΩ, respectively, and the ohmic internal resistance of NCR li-ion battery increases by one order of magnitude. The energy loss from LTO battery and LFP battery during pulse discharge is similar. In the temperature range of -30 °C to 50 °C, the energy loss of NCR li-ion battery pulse discharge is the largest. At -50 °C, the energy loss of NCR li-ion battery is the least.
Study on Thermal Disturbance of Frozen Soil Around Piles by Concrete Hydration Heat
Authors: Sen Kong , Jialong Liu , Rui Liang , Baoqi Wang
Published: July 2022

In order to study the influence of the heat of hydration of concrete on the thermal disturbance of the frozen soil around the pile during the construction of cast-in-place piles in permafrost regions, a two-dimensional temperature field numerical model was established with non-steady state based on the heat conduction control equation and the freezing-thawing phase transition process. This model has been used to analyze and discuss the refreezing process of the concrete pile foundation, the heat flow transfer process between the pile foundation and the frozen soil, and the positive temperature curing process of the pile body. The research results have shown that the refreezing process of the pile foundation is a slow process. It took 28 days after the completion of the pile foundation construction that the negative temperature arose at the bottom of the pile. And 196 days after construction the temperature at the center of the pile dropped to negative. The heat brought by the cast-in-place pile is mainly released to the surrounding soil through the horizontal heat flow, and the thermal conductivity of the soil has a greater influence on this process.
Research status and development trend of optimization Angle of hydraulic fracturing in coal seams
Authors: Wang Zifan
Published: July 2022

Drilling along the coal seam is an effective method for large-scale gas control. The distribution law of the stress field is determined by the parameters affecting the drilling along the coal seam, thereby affecting the drainage effect of the drilling along the coal seam. In order to study the distribution law and drilling parameters of the borehole stress field along the coal seam, the residual plastic zone, the radius of the plastic softening zone, the radius of The radial displacement of the coal body on the hole wall and the axial plastic range are used to construct the calculation model of the sealing length; the calculation model of the sealing strength is established through the micro-element analysis of the packer rubber cylinder. The research finally determined that the most suitable drilling position is the original rock stress area; the reasonable sealing length and sealing strength were determined.
Simulation Analysis of Influencing Factors of Grinding Wheel Scribing Quality
Authors: Ma Yan , Jiang Xingqiao , Liu Huang , Zhang Zhiyong , Cao Zhengdi
Published: July 2022

The analysis on influence factors of wheel dicing saw machine to cutting quality is presented through orthogonal cross-cutting test. The effects of parameters such as the speed of the spindle, the cutting velocity of the spindle, the cutting depth of the spindle, the tool diameter are analysed. The results are analysed through the methods of range analysis, variance analysis, factor - index relationship trend chart analysis. The main influence factors for the cutting width and the maximum cross cutting width are gained. Based on the method of robustness design, many kinds of controllable factors is presented quantitatively through the orthogonal experiment. Analysis on data of the cross cutting width test and the largest cross cutting width test is presented. The biggest contribution factor is obtained, the appropriate level is selected. Simulation analysis on the largest contribution factor, the appropriate level, the optimal machining parameters is presented.
A Calculation Method of DC Current Reference Value for Suppressing Commutation Failure in LCC-HVDC System
Authors: Chen Xiaolong , Qi Xiaoqing , Li Yongli , Li Bin , Li Botong
Published: July 2022

Line commutated converter based high voltage direct current (LCC-HVDC) transmission system is prone to suffer commutation failure, which can lead to the increase of DC current and the interruption of DC transmission power. Furthermore, the increase of DC current might lead to subsequent commutation failure. Based on the reactive power balance of the inverter AC bus, this paper studies the functional relationship between DC current and commutation voltage. The DC current reference value is obtained by using the DC current acquired from the above functional relationship, and combining with the DC current order given by voltage dependent current order limiter (VDCOL). This calculation method can adjust the DC current reference value in time according to the commutation voltage, thus limiting the increase of DC current. In order to verify the commutation failure suppression ability of the proposed method, several simulations are conducted based on CIGRE benchmark HVDC model in PSCAD/EMTDC. Simulation results show that the proposed method can not only suppress commutation failure successfully, but also improve the fault recovery performance of the LCC-HVDC system.
A Fixed-Window Level-crossing ADC with a Single Comparator
Authors: Wei Yuming , Tong Xingyuan , Xin Xin
Published: July 2022

A fixed-window level-crossing analog-to-digital converter (LC-ADC) with a single comparator is proposed for the biomedical field. In this paper, a signal varying direction detection circuit is proposed to judge the trend of the input signal, instead of the low-precision comparator in the modified LC-ADC. The proposed LC-ADC utilizes only one continuous-time comparator instead of multiple comparators in traditional LC-ADC, leading to simplified implementation and significantly reducing the power consumption. The post-layout simulation results show that the power consumption of the proposed new signal varying direction detection circuit is significantly reduced, accounting for only 25.6% of the high-precision continuous-time comparator. Designed with a 0.18 μm CMOS technology, the core area of this LC-ADC is 0.007 mm2. With a 1.8 V supply and 1 kHz input signal frequency, it achieves 73.1-dB SNDR by consuming 20.1 μW power. The figure-of-merit value is 19.3 mm2·fJ/Conversion.
Research Progress of Test Methods for Unmanned Surface Vehicle in Complex Sea Conditions
Authors: Yang Shuo , Gao Cheng
Published: July 2022

Surface Vehicles are the product of the development of marine technology. As a new type of technical means, it has been widely used in the field of marine commissioning and defense. However, the testing technology of Unmanned Surface Vehicles is not comprehensive now, and in order to ensure the smooth progress of scientific research projects, testing is necessary, so testing technology is also a smooth part of scientific research projects. This article classifies the existing test research, summarizes the test and evaluation methods, summarizes the tests that have been carried out and speculates the tests that will be carried out in the future for the testing of Unmanned Surface Vehicles.
Renewable Energy Sources in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution: a Perspective of Civilization Development
Authors: He Ping , Ni Xiaoting
Published: July 2022

Every emergence and development of industrial revolution in the history of human civilization is based on the extensive utilization of different energy sources. More than fifty years, the discussion of limited energy sources and sustainable development has acknowledged huge importance from the environmentalists. This study expanded the horizon of the debate about primary and renewable energy, analyzed the trend of renewable energy sources driven by the fourth industrial revolution. In this context, the study discussed the aspects of The Paris Agreement 2015, the responses to climate change and sustainable growth. Results indicated that primary energy sources, such as coal, oil, natural gas, hydroelectricity and nuclear energy, are the major energy sources which boosted up past industrial revolutions and hold the largest share of energy at present; whereas the share of renewable energy sources, especially the wind and solar sources which is going to be accelerated by the fourth industrial revolution, will be risen to high record in the future. The fourth industrial revolution, which has surged directly driven by artificial intelligent technologies, is going to speed up the utilization of renewable energy sources, and the clean, non-polluting, renewable energy is going to take the place of primary one sooner or later.
Investigating machine learning solutions for a 256 channel TCSPC camera with sub-70 ps single photon timing per channel at data rates >10 Gbps
Authors: Markfort A. , Baranov A. , Conneely T.M. , Duran A. , Lapington J. , Milnes J. , Moore W. , Mudrov A. , Tyukin I.
Published: July 2022

The development of a Time Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) camera with 256 channels has enabled several applications where single photon sensitivity is crucial, such as LiDAR, Fluorescent Lifetime IMaging (FLIM) and quantum information systems. The microchannel plate-based Multi-Anode Photo-Multiplier Tube (MAPMT) is a 16 × 16 array of 1.656 mm pitch pixels with an active anode area of 26.5 × 26.5 mm2. Each pixel can time single photons with an accuracy of 60 ps rms at a maximum photon rate of 480 KHz.

The timing electronics are capable of measuring 120 Mcps, producing huge volumes of data for processing, in the region of 10 Gbps per detector. Limitations in algorithmic data analysis techniques are critical for this application, hence this paper demonstrates a machine learning (ML) model which can determine the photon event coordinates with the objective of processing each one photon per 10 μs. The model applies calibrations for the detector and electronics such as amplitude walk, and charge measurement and channel to channel threshold variation. Optimisation of the model is detailed within the paper, including training hyperparameters, the clustering of coincident events and compression of the model through pruning techniques.

The ML model is trained and tested on a simulation of the microchannel plate (MCP) PMT with timing electronics configured for use as a TCSPC camera, utilising charge sharing techniques to further improve the spatial resolution of the detector. Further objectives of the research are to test the model on detector data, allowing assessment on the variance of accuracy between simulated and real data. Beyond this, assessment of the performance of this approach compared to algorithmic approaches and introduction of statistical reasoning of the robustness of the model will be completed.