bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The potential use of Alpinia galanga and Piper betle as growth promoters in the broiler industry: A review
Authors:   Natural Product and Veterinary Ethno-Medicine Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, 16100, Malaysia, Muhammad Ali Imran Mohamed Kamil , Mohd Farhan Hanif Reduan ,   Natural Product and Veterinary Ethno-Medicine Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, 16100, Malaysia, Abu-Bakar Luqman ,   Natural Product and Veterinary Ethno-Medicine Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, 16100, Malaysia, Noor Mohd Akmal Mohd ,   Department of Veterinary Preclinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43400, Malaysia, Shamsuddin Shazana Hilda ,   Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia, Azmi Amirul Faiz Mohd ,   Natural Product and Veterinary Ethno-Medicine Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, 16100, Malaysia, Mahamud Siti Nor Azizah ,   Natural Product and Veterinary Ethno-Medicine Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, 16100, Malaysia
Published: April 2024

Phytogenic feed additives (PFA) have been studied in many poultry researches primarily as growth promoters due to the growing interest in using natural products in farming. However, few researchers opted to study Piper betle and Alpinia galanga as growth promoters in broilers despite these plants' abundance of beneficial phytoconstituents. Thus, this narrative review aims to provide insights to the readers on the characteristics and properties of Piper betle and Alpinia galanga to be used as growth promoters. This article also reviewed previous research on supplementing Piper betle and Alpinia galanga in broiler in-vivo studies. Issues and knowledge addressed in this review article help poultry researchers and industry to explore the potential of Piper betle and Alpinia galanga to improve the performance of poultry flocks in the future.
Antibiotics in broilers chicken production: a review of impacts, challenges and potential alternatives
Authors:   Research office, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa, Alabi Olushola John ,   Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 65, Minna, Niger State 920101, Nigeria, Makinde O.J. ,   Department of Animal Science, Federal University, Gashua 631001 Nigeria, Egena S.S.A. ,   Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 65, Minna, Niger State 920101, Nigeria, Mbajiorgu Felix.E. ,   Department of Anatomical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Park Town, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa, Adewara Oluwaseun ,   Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Caleb University, Imota, Lagos 106102,. Nigeria
Published: April 2024

Globally, the use of antibiotic in animal industry was well known in the 20th century. Antibiotics usage as therapeutic and subtherapeutic means of improving growth and feed efficiency in livestock was well documented in literature. However, continuous use of antibiotics in food animals for increased growth and disease prevention has resulted in the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria in animals. This has led to disease treatment failure in the affected animals. The problem of transmission of antibiotic resistant bacteria to human through food chain and contamination of environment is another challenge of antibiotic usage in poultry production. Hence, the ban was placed on antibiotic usage in animal production. The restriction to the use of animal growth promoting antibiotic has gained high compliance in the developed countries. However, in the third world countries, this is still a battle that is on-going. To achieve the 2023 Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance goal, a lot is still left to be done. This review synthesized information on implications of antibiotics use on broiler chickens’ production cost efficiency and profitability; impact of antibiotics mode of action, diseases prevention and treatments of infection in broiler chickens’ production; challenges of antibiotics residual effect on meat quality and safety and alternatives to synthetic antibiotic for broiler chickens’ production.
Pitfalls in internal jugular vein cannulation
Authors: Nag Deb Sanjay , Swain Amlan , Sahu Seelora , Swain Bhanu Pratap , Sam Merina
Published: April 2024

Central venous catheter insertion in the internal jugular vein (IJV) is frequently performed in acute care settings, facilitated by its easy availability and increased use of ultrasound in healthcare settings. Despite the increased safety profile and insertion convenience, it has complications. Herein, we aim to inform readers about the existing literature on the plethora of complications with potentially disastrous consequences for patients undergoing IJV cannulation.
Identification of marker genes associated with N6-methyladenosine and autophagy in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Liu Xiao-Yan , Qiao Dan , Zhang Ya-Li , Liu Zi-Xuan , Chen You-Lan , Que Ren-Ye , Cao Hong-Yan , Dai Yan-Cheng
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Both N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation and autophagy are considered relevant to the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). However, a systematic exploration of the role of the com-bination of m6A methylation and autophagy in UC remains to be performed.

AIM

To elucidate the autophagy-related genes of m6A with a diagnostic value for UC.

METHODS

The correlation between m6A-related genes and autophagy-related genes (ARGs) was analyzed. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed on the characteristic genes. Additionally, the expression levels of four characteristic genes were verified in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice.

RESULTS

GSEA indicated that BAG3, P4HB and TP53INP2 were involved in the inflammatory response and TNF-α signalling via nuclear factor kappa-B. Furthermore, polymerase chain reaction results showed significantly higher mRNA levels of BAG3 and P4HB and lower mRNA levels of FMR1 and TP53INP2 in the DSS group compared to the control group.

CONCLUSION

This study identified four m6A-ARGs that predict the occurrence of UC, thus providing a scientific reference for further studies on the pathogenesis of UC.
Successful treatment of Purpureocillium lilacinum pulmonary infection with isavuconazole: A case report
Authors: Yang Xue-Lin , Zhang Jun-Yu , Ren Jian-Min
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Purpureocillium lilacinum (P. lilacinum ) is a saprophytic fungus widespread in soil and vegetation. As a causative agent, it is very rarely detected in humans, most commonly in the skin.

CASE SUMMARY

In this article, we reported the case of a 72-year-old patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia who was admitted with cough and fever. Computed tomography revealed an infection in the right lower lobe. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid culture and metagenomic next-generation sequencing were ultimately confirmed to have a pulmonary infection with P. lilacinum . She was eventually discharged with good outcomes after treatment with isavuconazole.

CONCLUSION

Pulmonary infection with P. lilacinum was exceedingly rare. While currently there are no definitive therapeutic agents, there are reports of high resistance to amphotericin B and fluconazole and good sensitivity to second-generation triazoles. The present report is the first known use of isavuconazole for pulmonary P. lilacinum infection. It provides new evidence for the characterization and treatment of clinical P. lilacinum lung infections.
Paradoxical herniation associated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy after decompressive craniectomy: A case report
Authors: Ye Zhong-Xing , Fu Xin-Xin , Wu Yang-Zong , Lin Ling , Xie Liang-Qi , Hu Yu-Ling , Zhou Yi , You Zhu-Gui , Lin Hai
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Whether hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) can cause paradoxical herniation is still unclear.

CASE SUMMARY

A 65-year-old patient who was comatose due to brain trauma underwent decompressive craniotomy and gradually regained consciousness after surgery. HBOT was administered 22 d after surgery due to speech impairment. Paradoxical herniation appeared on the second day after treatment, and the patient’s condition worsened after receiving mannitol treatment at the rehabilitation hospital. After timely skull repair, the paradoxical herniation was resolved, and the patient regained consciousness and had a good recovery as observed at the follow-up visit.

CONCLUSION

Paradoxical herniation is rare and may be caused by HBOT. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown, and the understanding of this phenomenon is insufficient. The use of mannitol may worsen this condition. Timely skull repair can treat paradoxical herniation and prevent serious complications.
Unique method for removal of knotted lumbar epidural catheter: A case report
Authors: Deng Nian-Hua , Chen Xiao-Cong , Quan Shou-Bo
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Combined spinal-epidural (CSE) anesthesia is the preferred anesthesia method for cesarean delivery. The use of an epidural catheter is essential for administering additional drugs intraoperatively and managing postoperative pain. However, the insertion of epidural catheters is associated with various complications, such as total spinal anesthesia, symptoms indicative of spinal nerve root irritation, and challenges in epidural catheter removal.

CASE SUMMARY

We present a case report of a challenging epidural catheter removal due to knotting. The lumbar computed tomography scan results revealed that the catheter formed a tight knot in the epidural space. We used a novel extubation method and successfully removed the catheter.

CONCLUSION

The operator can use opposite forces to "spiral" apart the spinal joints by positioning the patient's body in a specific position. The findings indicate that, when combined with imaging examination results, this method is effective for the removal of epidural catheters.
The Impact of Dogs Oral Microbiota on Human Health :A review
Authors: AL-Amrah Hadba , Aburokba Reham , Alotiby Asseel , AlJuhani Badriyah , Huri Hadeel , Al garni Noha , Aljedani. Reem
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT: The dog's mouth contains many bacteria, with more than 600 types present. Therefore, it's clear that dog saliva is not inherently cleaner than human saliva. Bacterial infections transmitted from dogs to humans, known as zoonotic infections, pose a significant public health concern. These infections can be transmitted from dogs to humans through direct contact, contaminated surfaces, or inhaling airborne particles. Understanding the risks associated with dog-related bacterial infections and implementing effective prevention and control measures is crucial for safeguarding human health. This review shows an overview of the dangers of dog-related bacterial infections and effective prevention and control measures essential for protecting human health. Also, Different practical considerations and methods are discussed in light of available literature and the authors' practicable experience.
A Short Review - Biochemical Aspects and Advancements in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Kolgi Rajeev Ramachandra , G Bhargavi , Angaswamy Nataraju , Srinivasulu M V. , Somashetty S. Shankara
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT: Malignancy in the stomach is one of the silent causes of mortality due to a bad prognosis regardless of gender. It is the world's Fourth leading cause of death It is a disorder in which cancerous cells form in the stomach lining. The primary relationships begin between its carcinogenic route and Helicobacter pylori infection, following inflammation, and tissue regeneration. The review aims to evaluate biochemistry related to gastric cancer which focuses on cancer research including etiology, molecular basis, malignant transformation, tumor markers, prognosis, advancements in gastric (stomach) cancer and its therapeutics. The study of prognosis and advancements in gastric cancer helps a researcher, medical practitioner, or surgeon to develop safe, minimally invasive, and effective methods to prevent, screen, diagnose, and treat gastric cancer.
Evaluation of Protective Effect of Gemigliptin and Rizatriptan in Streptozotocin induced Diabetic Neuropathy in Rats.
Authors: Jadhav Ghanshyam B. , Khairnar Shubham J. , Udavant Pavan B. , Sable Rahul R. , Mundlod Krishna N.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT: A typical micro-vascular consequence of diabetes mellitus is diabetic neuropathy. The prevalence of diabetic neuropathy patients is rising in spite of strict glycemic control, blood pressure, and lipid lowering medication. New prevention and treatment methods are required because of the drawbacks and side effects of current medicines. Serotonin, a neurotransmitter implicated in the transmission of pain, is being investigated for its potential to process pain and to reduce inflammatory responses. Gemigliptin and rizatriptan are being studied for the treatment of hyperglycemic mortality. In this investigation, STZ (60 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally once to cause diabetic neuropathy. Tests were conducted on the neuroprotective potential of Gemigliptin (5 mg/kg p,o) alone and in combination with variable dosages of Rizatriptan (0.5, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) administered at intervals of 72 hours and one month. According to the study, a medicine combination of gemigliptin and rizatriptan successfully reduces the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy by lowering cholesterol, triglycerides, and serum glucose levels—all of which contribute to diabetes complications. Additionally, the combination reduces nerve damage-related hyperalgesia and significantly increases locomotor activity. Oxidative stress is decreased, which helps prevent additional difficulties, and the combination raises levels of antioxidants like SOD and CAT. Overall, Gemigliptin and Rizatriptan work well together to reduce diabetic neuropathic pain.
In vitro Studies on Antagonistic Behaviour of Biosurfactant Producing Microorganism against Pathogenic Fungi Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Sharma Deboja , Agarwala Satyakam , Koch Pranab Jyoti , Sanjrambam Binapani , Singla Rajesh
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT: Biosurfactant producing microorganisms have a potential in mitigating environmental pollution contaminated with hydrocarbon. This study aimed to isolate biosurfactant-producing organisms from the soil contaminated with oil. Out of the eight isolates, six (P1, P2, P3, D1, X, and Y) produced biosurfactant, as confirmed by the oil displacement method, with isolate P3 showing 4.2 cm oil displacement activity. The emulsification assay revealed that samples P3 and X had the highest emulsification activity at 25%. The identification of biosurfactant was further confirmed by the foaming activity method and biosurfactant extraction with chloroform and methanol. The biosurfactant nature was determined by the presence of glycolipid or neutral lipid, with the Rf values calculated for each isolate, and P3 showing a value of 0.92. Besides biosurfactant production, samples X, Y, and D1 also exhibited biocontrol activity against Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus, as confirmed by fungal growth inhibition percentage and electron micrographic studies. This suggests the potential application of these isolates in bioremediation and biocontrol of plant pathogens. Further identification can be confirmed through 16s rRNA sequencing.
Physiochemical and Sensory Properties of Edible Cups Conceptualized from Food By-Products
Authors: K. B Matheswari , R Arivuchudar
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT: Our community today is going through multiple challenges, in the arena of nutrition and the environment. The use of plastic or paper containers to pack foods is on a huge rise proportional to the increase in the purchase of outside foods. In terms of environment, the concern is with the the improper disposal of plastics, which destroys volumes of species, causes pollution in land and water, elevates greenhouse gas emissions and contaminates the food chain, in health perspective, there is arise in the pervasiveness of various non-communicable diseases because of several carcinogenic,toxic, and hazardous chemicals present in foods we consume packed in those containers. As an alternative initiative, this study aims to formulate nutritive edible cups utilizing wheat flour as the major ingredient, and the by-products of the food industry namely rice bran, dehulled chickpea flour, groundnut cake, pomace of beetroot, apple, and molasses in different proportions, thereby providing a solution to disposal of waste products from food industry also. The edible cups formulated with different proposition of the listed ingredients were subjected to Organoleptic and functionality evaluation. The accepted variation of the edible cup was further analysed for nutritional composition and phytochemical composition. The results show that these nutritive edible cups were found to be palatable and can be utilized to serve solid and semi-solid foods and can be consumed along with the served food. The edible cups provide sufficient energy(354Kcals), carbohydrates(74.2g), fat(1.5g), protein(10.8g), fiber(4.6g), polyphenols, flavonoids, and phytochemicals.
https://www.biotech-asia.org/vol21no1/physiochemical-and-sensory-properties-of-edible-cups-conceptualized-from-food-by-products/
Authors: Deka Kristi Ananya , K Gayathri. , Ravishankar P. L. , Soury. G Sai Sri
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT: Aim: To assess whether nonsurgical periodontal therapy lowers salivary glucose levels in diabetic patients and healthy individuals with chronic periodontitis patients. Materials and methods: 20 individuals with and without type 2 diabetes with widespread periodontitis were involved in this study. Subjects were designated into two groups based on their systemic status. Group I consisted of ten systemically healthy periodontitis patients. Group II consisted of ten diabetic patients with periodontitis. Glucose levels in saliva along with the periodontal parameters were recorded in all the subjects preoperatively at baseline and 3months after periodontal therapy. Results: At baseline, when the clinical parameters were compared among the groups, no statistically discernible difference was found. At baseline, mean salivary glucose levels in group 1 and group 2 were 0.76±0.34mg/dl and 6.02±2.55mg/dl respectively. At 3 months post-operatively, mean salivary glucose levels in group 1 and group 2 were 0.67±.0.30 mg/dl and 5.71±2.27mg/dl.At 3-months follow-up, clinical parameters and salivary glucose reduced in both groups. Conclusion: The considerable reduction in salivary glucose levels following therapy raises the possibility that it could be used as a target inflammatory marker in periodontal diseases. Keywords: Chronic periodontitis, Non-surgical periodontal therapy, salivary glucose, Type2 diabetes mellitus
The Quality by design Approach for Analytical Method Development and Validation of the RP-HPLC Method for Estimation of Quercetin in Pure, Marketed, and Cream Formulation
Authors: Deshmukh Madhuri D. , P. Patil Moreshwar
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT: A simple, precise reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the flavonoid quercetin, isolated from Tridax procumbens L. The method was validated by using Phenomenex C18 (250 x 4.6mm i.d) Column. A simple, cost effective mobile phase consisting of (ACN and 10 m/moL Phosphate buffer as mobile phase in proportion of 50:50 v/v ) pH 3, 1.0 ml/min Flow rate at 370nm by using UV Visible detector. The retention time of Quercetin was found to be 3.392 minutes. The Quercetin linearity range was found to be 05 to 25 μg/mL. The accuracy and precision of commercially available preparations and in-house cream formulations were investigated using a one-way ANNOVA test. The Percentage recovery of both formulations was found to be 99.83%, 99.88%, 99.82% and 98.92%, 98.18%, 98.86%. Robustness of analytical method was studied by using 2/3 full factorial design by using Design expert software. The Percentage assay and % RSD of marketed capsule and in house cream was found to be 98.38 %, 97.40% and 0.05273, 0.02053 respectively. The Limit of Quantitation and Limit of detection were found to be 0.9053μg/mL and 2.5435μg/mL respectively. The development method of quercetin is simple, accurate, precise, sensitive, and robust
RP-HPLC Estimation of Clobetasol Propionate and Salicylic Acid using Quality by Design Approach
Authors: Bagad Kunal S. , Bacchao Kunal , Bagade Shashikant B. , Amrutkar Rakesh D. , Patil Dipak D.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT: The RP-HPLC method for CLOP and SA estimation from bulk and pharmaceutical dosage from has been developed and validated. For analytical methods to be robust, current ICH guidelines, Q8 to Q11 were suggested use of analytical quality by design (AQbD) includes adoption of current systematic approaches. The proposed method was optimized and developed using Taguchi orthogonal design. The RP-HPLC method parameters were optimized by box- Behnken design. The stationary phase used C18 Princeton column (150mm × 4.6mm × 5µm) with acetonitrile: 0.05M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5, adjustment with by ortho - phosphoric acid) as mobile phase at ratio of 60:40v/v, 1.0 ml/min of flow rate along with UV-Visible wavelength of detection 240 nm. The linearity over concentration 5-15 µg/ml for CLOP and 600-1500 µg/ml for SA (r2 =0.9969 for CLOP and 0.9943 for SA) was found. The retention time for SA was 2.2 min. and CLOP 7.0 minute. The % recovery was found to be 98.0.3 SA and 97.84 or CLOP. As per ICH analytical method validation guidelines [Q2 (R1)], the RP-HPLC method was validated.
Bridging Biochemistry and Aging: A Journey Towards Prolonged Health span
Authors: Panchal Neil B.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT: Aging involves intricate molecular, cellular and systemic changes over time. Biochemical research has illuminated mechanisms underlying age-related functional decline and revealed promising targets to extend healthspan. Mitochondrial dysfunction, telomere attrition, and impaired proteostasis contribute to aging. However, cellular senescence, marked by arrested proliferation and secretion of proinflammatory factors, has emerged as a central driver. Senolytics, drugs that selectively eliminate senescent cells, alleviate multiple age-related phenotypes in animal models. Stem cell exhaustion also impairs tissue homeostasis. Rejuvenating endogenous stem cell populations could help restore youthful regeneration. Epigenetic alterations lead to aberrant gene regulation, while inflammation and immunosenescence disrupt tissue function. Caloric restriction robustly extends lifespan in animals, but optimally translating this to humans remains challenging. Elucidating interactions between genetics, epigenetics, and lifestyle provides insights into precision interventions tailored to an individual’s aging profile. New technologies like epigenome editing may eventually reprogram aged cells into more youthful states. Metabolic engineering through pathways related to mitochondria, inflammation, and nutrition also shows promise. Realizing the potential of emerging strategies to prolong human healthspan demands collaborative, interdisciplinary efforts spanning from molecular discoveries to clinical implementations, guided by ethical frameworks for responsible translation. Innovative biogerontology research portends a future where healthspan is not constrained by the biological march of time but extended through science thoughtfully applied for the benefit of humankind.
Comprehensive Review on COVID-19 associated Mucormycosis: Diagnosis, Types and Treatment
Authors: Munot Neha Manish , Raut Maheshwari Tulsidas , Kandekar Ujjwala Yadav , Rai Neeta , Gaikwad Preeti Vinod
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT: In the past couple of years, the world has been dealing with a dreadful pandemic known as Covid-19 along with one of the life-threatening infection i.e. mucormycosis. Mucormycosis (Zygomycosis) is a fungal infection caused by a group of molds called mucormycosis. Several clinical cases of mucormycosis have been reported globally during the Covid-19 pandemic. Patients with compromised immunity or uncontrolled diabetics or patients that were given steroid therapy to combat infection due to corona virus were at high risk of acquiring mucormycosis as co-morbidity associated with Covid-19. In the present review, various types of mucormycosis, diagnosis, and treatment strategies are explained as it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Amphotericin B liposomal formulation was found to be the most widely used to treat mucormycosis. Other antifungal agents and adjuvant therapies were also tried to treat this infection.
Exploring the Proximate Composition, Antioxidant Content, Glycemic Index, and Microbiological Analysis of Idiyappam Enriched with Black Rice (Oryza sativa L. indica) Flour
Authors: R. Sangma Hymie Cherik , Parameshwari S.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT: Notwithstanding being rich in numerous antioxidant components, black rice flour hasn't been frequently used in the manufacture of food goods. This study aimed to create idiyappam, examine its proximate compositions, minerals, antioxidant, glycemic, organoleptic and shelf-life attributes. The study focused on evaluating these qualities in idiyappam produced with various replacement levels of black rice flour and white rice flour, in various proportions with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The findings showed that the idiyappam with 100% raw black rice flour (BRFI4) had significantly higher levels of total dietary fiber, protein but can be found that it has a lowest of moisture content, while carbohydrates and fat content can be seen more in BRFI1. There were noticeable differences in mineral composition among the various formulations. BRFI4 exhibited strong antioxidant potential, and all formulations had a low glycemic index. BRFI3 received superior sensory ratings compared to the other idiyappam variations. The shelf-life study revealed substantial variation among the idiyappam formulations after 5 days of storage. This study highlights that incorporating black rice flour into idiyappam not only enhances the levels of protein, dietary fiber, but also results in low glycemic index values and favorable organoleptic evaluations, particularly up to a 75% substitution level.
Chlorpyrifos Degradation by Bacillus tropicus a Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria
Authors: Malik Deepak Kumar , Singhmar Raina , Singh Vivek , Rathi Meenu , Ahlawat Vishal
Published: April 2024

Excessive use of organophosphate in modern farming to improve the crop productivity has cause pollution in soil, water and air which lead environmental as well as human hazards. Microbial fertility is adversely affected by the use of pesticides. Thus, the present study focused on the isolation and screening of effective isolates with multi-traits PGPR activities and further studied for chlorpyrifos pesticide degradation. The bacterial isolate DK5 was showing multiple PGPR activity, identified as Bacillus tropicus by 16S rRNA sequencing. The chlorpyrifos degradation by isolated Bacillus tropicuswas studied by using resting cell study. In HPLC analysis revealed that Bacillus tropicus degrade 60% chlorpyrifos after 48 hrs. of incubation followed by 99% after 72 hrs. of incubation. Generally, results of this study revealed that isolate DK5 identified as Bacillus tropicus can be used for the successfully removal of chlorpyrifos from contaminated soil and plant growth promotion.
The status of secondary imperfectivization in Polish: Evidence from VP idioms
Authors: Klimek-Jankowska Dorota , Błaszczak Joanna
Published: April 2024

abstract: This paper offers new insights into the status of secondary imperfective morphology and its interaction with different classes of aspectual affixes based on the analysis of their compatibility with basic perfective and basic imperfective VP idioms in Polish. We provide new evidence in favor of the v P-external status of secondary imperfective morphology and we propose a new architecture of aspectual morphology in Polish in which there are two classes of v P-external superlexical prefixes: high and low. The former are projected in several functional projections above secondary imperfective morphology while the latter are projected below it in a single dedicated functional projection.
Manufacture reliability assessment of Si photonic foundry fabricated slow-light photonic crystal waveguides
Authors: Begović Amir , Maksumić Amar , Chen Alexander , Fahrenkopf Nicholas M. , Baiocco Christopher , Huang Z. Rena
Published: April 2024

Single-line-defect (W1) photonic crystal waveguides hold significant
promise for various applications in integrated photonics due to their
ability to induce slow light across wide photonic band ranges.
Ensuring the manufacturing reliability of these devices is paramount
for their practical implementation, as they tend to be highly
sensitive to fabrication deviations. In this study, we investigated
the manufacturing reliability of photonic crystal waveguides
fabricated at the Albany Nanotech Complex foundry by comparing the
consistency of band-edge locations and group indices across 14 chips.
We also provide FIB images of the fabricated photonic crystals
allowing an analysis of the sidewall quality of the holes.
Using microscope slides as beam splitter for Fourier transform spectrometers
Authors: wen muqian
Published: April 2024

A Fourier transform spectrometer using a regular microscope glass slide was built and was
used to measure the spectrum of a tungsten light bulb source in the visible and near infrared
spectral range successfully with satisfying outcomes. The obtained result was analyzed and
compared with those obtained with a regular cube beam splitter. This experiment
demonstrated that inexpensive microscope glass slides can be used as beam splitters for low cost Fourier transform spectrometers.
Shortcut citations in the methods section: Frequency, problems, and strategies for responsible reuse
Authors: Standvoss Kai , Kazezian Vartan , Lewke Britta R. , Bastian Kathleen , Chidambaram Shambhavi , Arafat Subhi , Alsharif Ubai , Herrera-Melendez Ana , Knipper Anna-Delia , Seco Bruna M. S. , Soto Nina Nitzan , Rakitzis Orestis , Steinecker Isa , van Kronenberg Till Philipp , Zarebidaki Fereshteh , Abbasi Parya , Weissgerber Tracey L.
Published: April 2024

Methods sections are often missing essential details. Methodological shortcut citations, in which authors cite previous papers instead of describing the method in detail, may contribute to this problem. This meta-research study used 3 approaches to examine shortcut citation use in neuroscience, biology, and psychiatry. First, we assessed current practices in more than 750 papers. More than 90% of papers used shortcut citations. Other common reasons for using citations in the methods included giving credit or specifying what was used (who or what citation) and providing context or a justification (why citation). Next, we reviewed 15 papers to determine what can happen when readers follow shortcut citations to find methodological details. While shortcut citations can be used effectively, they can also deprive readers of essential methodological details. Problems encountered included difficulty identifying or accessing the cited materials, missing or insufficient descriptions of the cited method, and shortcut citation chains. Third, we examined journal policies. Fewer than one quarter of journals had policies describing how authors should report previously described methods. We propose that methodological shortcut citations should meet 3 criteria; cited resources should provide (1) a detailed description of (2) the method used by the citing authors’, and (3) be open access. Resources that do not meet these criteria should be cited to give credit, but not as shortcut citations. We outline actions that authors and journals can take to use shortcut citations responsibly, while fostering a culture of open and reproducible methods reporting.
Gradients of bacteria in the oceanic water column reveal finely-resolved vertical distributions
Authors: Harbeitner Rachel C. , Wittmers Fabian , Yung Charmaine C. M. , Eckmann Charlotte A. , Hehenberger Elisabeth , Blum Marguerite , Needham David M. , Worden Alexandra Z.
Published: April 2024

Bacterial communities directly influence ecological processes in the ocean, and depth has a major influence due to the changeover in primary energy sources between the sunlit photic zone and dark ocean. Here, we examine the abundance and diversity of bacteria in Monterey Bay depth profiles collected from the surface to just above the sediments (e.g., 2000 m). Bacterial abundance in these Pacific Ocean samples decreased by >1 order of magnitude, from 1.22 ±0.69 ×106 cells ml-1 in the variable photic zone to 1.44 ± 0.25 ×105 and 6.71 ± 1.23 ×104 cells ml-1 in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic, respectively. V1-V2 16S rRNA gene profiling showed diversity increased sharply between the photic and mesopelagic zones. Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis clustered co-occurring bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) into seven subnetwork modules, of which five strongly correlated with depth-related factors. Within surface-associated modules there was a clear distinction between a ‘copiotrophic’ module, correlating with chlorophyll and dominated by e.g., Flavobacteriales and Rhodobacteraceae, and an ‘oligotrophic’ module dominated by diverse Oceanospirillales (such as uncultured JL-ETNP-Y6, SAR86) and Pelagibacterales. Phylogenetic reconstructions of Pelagibacterales and SAR324 using full-length 16S rRNA gene data revealed several additional subclades, expanding known microdiversity within these abundant lineages, including new Pelagibacterales subclades Ia.B, Id, and IIc, which comprised 4–10% of amplicons depending on the subclade and depth zone. SAR324 and Oceanospirillales dominated in the mesopelagic, with SAR324 clade II exhibiting its highest relative abundances (17±4%) in the lower mesopelagic (300–750 m). The two newly-identified SAR324 clades showed highest relative abundances in the photic zone (clade III), while clade IV was extremely low in relative abundance, but present across dark ocean depths. Hierarchical clustering placed microbial communities from 900 m samples with those from the bathypelagic, where Marinimicrobia was distinctively relatively abundant. The patterns resolved herein, through high resolution and statistical replication, establish baselines for marine bacterial abundance and taxonomic distributions across the Monterey Bay water column, against which future change can be assessed.
Confocal laser endomicroscopy as predictive biomarker of clinical and endoscopic efficacy of vedolizumab in ulcerative colitis: The DETECT study
Authors: Quénéhervé Lucille , Trang-Poisson Caroline , Fantou Aurélie , Flamant Mathurin , Durand Tony , Bouguen Guillaume , Bregeon Jérémy , Oullier Thibauld , Amil Morgane , Dewitte Marie , Bardot Stéphanie , Blandin Stéphanie , Braudeau Cécile , Vibet Marie-Anne , Josien Régis , Neunlist Michel , Bourreille Arnaud
Published: April 2024

Aims

In patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), no biomarker is available to help the physician to choose the most suitable biotherapy. The primary objective of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility of identification of α4β7- and TNF-expressing cells, to predict the response to vedolizumab using confocal laser endoscopy (CLE).

Methods

Patients with moderate-to-severe UC, naïve of biotherapy, received vedolizumab. Clinical evaluation was performed at each infusion. Endoscopic evaluation was performed before inclusion and at week 22. Fresh colonic biopsies were stained using FITC-labelled vedolizumab and Alexa fluor-labelled adalimumab and ex vivo dual-band CLE images were acquired. Blood samples were collected to measure trough concentrations of vedolizumab and to determine absolute counts of T and B cells subpopulations, NK cells and monocytes.

Results

Nineteen patients were enrolled in the study and received at least one dose of vedolizumab. Clinical remission and endoscopic improvement were observed in 58% of whom 5 patients (45%) had an endoscopic subscore of 0. In terms of clinical response and remission, endoscopic improvement and histologic response, FITC-conjugated vedolizumab staining tended to be higher in responder patients compared to non-responders at week 22. A threshold value of 6 positive FITC-vedolizumab staining areas detected by CLE seemed informative to discriminate the responders and non-responders. The results were similar in terms of clinical remission and endoscopic improvement with a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 85% (p = 0.05). Trough concentrations and blood immune cells were not associated with responses to vedolizumab.

Conclusion

This pilot study demonstrate that dual-band CLE is feasible to detect α4β7- and TNF-expressing cells. Positive α4β7 staining seems to be associated with clinical and endoscopic remission in UC patients treated by anti-α4β7-integrin, subject to validation by larger-scale studies.

Clinical-trial.gov: NCT02878083
The Demographic-Wealth model for cliodynamics
Authors: Wittmann Lukas , Kuehn Christian
Published: April 2024

Cliodynamics is a still a relatively new research area with the purpose of investigating and modelling historical processes. One of its first important mathematical models was proposed by Turchin and called “Demographic-Fiscal Model” (DFM). This DFM was one of the first and is one of a few models that link population with state dynamics. In this work, we propose a possible alternative to the classical Turchin DFM, which contributes to further model development and comparison essential for the field of cliodynamics. Our “Demographic-Wealth Model” (DWM) aims to also model link between population and state dynamics but makes different modelling assumptions, particularly about the type of possible taxation. As an important contribution, we employ tools from nonlinear dynamics, e.g., existence theory for periodic orbits as well as analytical and numerical bifurcation analysis, to analyze the DWM. We believe that these tools can also be helpful for many other current and future models in cliodynamics. One particular focus of our analysis is the occurrence of Hopf bifurcations. Therefore, a detailed analysis is developed regarding equilibria and their possible bifurcations. Especially noticeable is the behavior of the so-called coexistence point. While changing different parameters, a variety of Hopf bifurcations occur. In addition, it is indicated, what role Hopf bifurcations may play in the interplay between population and state dynamics. There are critical values of different parameters that yield periodic behavior and limit cycles when exceeded, similar to the “paradox of enrichment” known in ecology. This means that the DWM provides one possible avenue setup to explain in a simple format the existence of secular cycles, which have been observed in historical data. In summary, our model aims to balance simplicity, linking to the underlying processes and the goal to represent secular cycles.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on excess maternal deaths in Brazil: A two-year assessment
Authors: Orellana Jesem Douglas Yamall , Leventhal Daniel Gray Paschoal , Flores-Quispe María del Pilar , Marrero Lihsieh , Jacques Nadège , Morón-Duarte Lina Sofía , Boschi-Pinto Cynthia
Published: April 2024

Background

Accurate estimates of the COVID-19 pandemic’s indirect impacts are crucial, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study aims to update estimates of excess maternal deaths in Brazil during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

This was an exploratory mixed ecological study using the counterfactual approach. The observed maternal deaths were gathered from the Mortality Information System (SIM) for the period between March 2015 and February 2022. Expected deaths from March 2020 to February 2022 were estimated using quasipoisson generalized additive models, considering quadrimester, age group, and their interaction as predictor variables. Analyses were performed in R version 4.1.2, RStudio, version 2023.03.1+446 and carried out with support from the “mgcv” and “plot_model” libraries.

Results

A total of 5,040 maternal deaths were reported, with varying excess mortality across regions and age groups, resulting in 69% excess maternal mortality throughout Brazil during the first two years of the pandemic. The Southeast region had 50% excess mortality throughout the first two years and 76% excess in the second year. The North region had 69% excess mortality, increasing in the second year, particularly among women aged 20–34. The Northeast region showed 80% excess mortality, with a significant increase in the second year, especially among women aged 35–49. The Central-West region had 75% excess mortality, higher in the second year and statistically significant among women aged 35–49. The South region showed 117% excess mortality, reaching 203% in the second year among women aged 20–34, but no excess mortality in the 10–19 age category.

Conclusions

Over two years, Brazil saw a significant impact on maternal excess deaths, regardless of region and pandemic year. The highest peak occurred between March and June 2021, emphasizing the importance of timely and effective epidemic responses to prevent avoidable deaths and prepare for new crises.
“There is a strangeness in this disease”: A qualitative study of parents’ experiences caring for a child diagnosed with COVID-19
Authors: Louie-Poon Samantha , Reid Kathy , Appiah Priscilla O. , Hartling Lisa , Scott Shannon D.
Published: April 2024

Background

The beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic marked a period of uncertainty as public health guidelines, diagnostic criteria, and testing protocols or procedures have continuously evolved. Despite the virus being declared a worldwide pandemic, little research has been done to understand how parents manage caring for their child diagnosed with COVID-19. We sought to understand parents’ experiences and information need when caring for a child diagnosed with COVID-19.

Methods

A qualitative descriptive study with an inductive and exploratory approach was completed. Participants were recruited through social media and local public health clinics. Data collection and analysis were concurrent. Semi-structured virtual interviews were conducted with 27 participants. Thematic analysis was conducted.

Findings

Four major themes emerged: a) dealing with uncertainty; b) anxiety; c) social stigma and stress; d) a sense of community.

Conclusion

Our study highlights that parent experiences were diverse and multi-faceted, and their experiences evolved and shifted over the course of the pandemic. Parents would benefit from clear and consistent evidence-based online information. Understanding the perspectives of parents caring for a child with COVID-19 is an important step in developing future resources tailored to meet their unique experiences and information needs.
Associations between Polish school principals’ health literacy and implementation of the Health Promoting School approach during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Leksy Karina , Gawron Grzegorz , Rosário Rafaela
Published: April 2024

The coronavirus pandemic has contributed to increasing the responsibility of school principals for the health of all school community members. Moreover, evidence confirms the significant role of school principals’ health literacy (HL) for health promotion in schools. Therefore, the presented study aims to evaluate the associations between Polish school principals HL and the implementation of the Health Promoting School (HPS) approach in Polish schools. The present study was conducted as part of an international survey on the global COVID-HL network (www.covid-hl.eu) between June 2021 and December 2021. Three subscales of the HPS were considered and an exploratory analysis were used in this study. Associations between the median split of each subscale of HPS (outcome) and health literacy (predictor) were performed using logistic regression. Research results showed that the highest level of HPS implementation was directed at pupils. Principals perceived themselves as having the highest HL on the ‘accessibility’ subscale and these respondents had significantly higher odds of implementing learning opportunities for students. The study suggests that principals with adequate HL may be more likely to effectively implement HPS strategies in schools. This research could provide insights into the complex interplay between HL and the HPS approach and inform the development of more effective strategies for promoting health and HL in schools.
Brolucizumab in recalcitrant neovascular age-related macular degeneration–real-world data in Chinese population
Authors: Weng Chang-Chi , Chi Sheng-Chu , Lin Tai-Chi , Huang Yi-Ming , Chou Yu-Bai , Hwang De-Kuang , Chen Shih-Jen
Published: April 2024

This retrospective study aimed to determine the short-term efficacy and safety of brolucizumab treatment for recalcitrant neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in a real-world setting in Taiwan. Recalcitrant nAMD patients who were treated with brolucizumab from November 2021 to August 2022 at Taipei Veterans General Hospital were included. Patients were followed for 3 months after switching to brolucizumab. The primary outcomes were changes in mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) from baseline to the third month. The secondary outcomes included the incidence of intraocular inflammation (IOI), proportion of patients with subretinal and intraretinal fluid (SRF and IRF), and change in pigment epithelial detachment (PED) height from baseline to the third month. The significance level was considered as p < .05 in all tests. A total of 38 patients (40 eyes) with a mean (±SD) age of 76.3 (±10.84) years were included. The baseline BCVA was 0.92±0.64 logMAR, and the CRT and PED height were 329.0±171.18 and 189.8±114.94 um, respectively. The patients had a significant reduction in CRT and resolution of IRF and SRF from baseline to the third month. There were numerical improvements in mean BCVA and PED height, but they were not significant. The percentages of achieving at least 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 logMAR (equivalent to 5, 10, 15 ETDRS letters) visual gain were 50%, 37.5%, and 30%, respectively, during the first 3 months of follow-up. No IOI occurred in these patients. This study demonstrated that brolucizumab had good short-term structural and functional efficacy in recalcitrant nAMD patients.
Los problemas de Instalación de la Universidad de Aysén y su Impacto en el Desarrollo Regional.
Authors: Muñoz Moya Oscar
Published: April 2024

La investigación analizó el proceso que ha vivido la Universidad de Aysén en su fase de

instalación, recabando datos sobre las dificultades existentes y el impacto que ha tenido en el

desarrollo local y regional, al tratarse de una institución que todavía se encuentra en gestación,

se permite analizar los documentos oficiales que han constatado la realidad de la casa de

estudios. A partir de esta información, se logró comprender el alcance que tiene la universidad

y el desempeño que ha tenido hasta la fecha.