bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide association study reveals a locus in ADARB2 for complete freedom from headache in Danish Blood Donors
Authors: Olofsson Isa Amalie , Kristjansson Ragnar P. , Callesen Ida , Davidsson Olafur , Winsvold Bendik , Hjalgrim Henrik , Ostrowski Sisse R. , Erikstrup Christian , Bruun Mie Topholm , Pedersen Ole Birger , Burgdorf Kristoffer S. , Banasik Karina , Sørensen Erik , Mikkelsen Christina , Didriksen Maria , Dinh Khoa Manh , Mikkelsen Susan ,   International Headache Genetic Consortium, Winsvold Bendik ,   DBDS Genomic Consortium, Hjalgrim Henrik , Ostrowski Sisse R. , Erikstrup Christian , Bruun Mie Topholm , Mikkelsen Christina , Didriksen Maria , Dinh Khoa Manh , Mikkelsen Susan , Pedersen Ole Birger , Burgdorf Kristoffer S. , Brunak Søren , Ullum Henrik , Chalmer Mona Ameri , Olesen Jes , Kogelman Lisette J. A. , Hansen Thomas Folkmann
Published: May 2024

Headache disorders are the most common disorders of the nervous system. The lifetime prevalence of headache disorders show that some individuals never experience headache. The etiology of complete freedom from headache is not known. To assess genetic variants associated with complete freedom from headache, we performed a genome-wide association study of individuals who have never experienced a headache. We included 63,992 individuals (2,998 individuals with complete freedom from headache and 60,994 controls) from the Danish Blood Donor Study Genomic Cohort. Participants were included in two rounds, from 2015 to 2018 and in 2020. We discovered a genome-wide significant association, with the lead variant rs7904615[G] in ADARB2 (EAF = 27%, OR = 1.20 [1.13–1.27], p = 3.92 × 10−9). The genomic locus was replicated in a non-overlapping cohort of 13,032 individuals (539 individuals with complete freedom from headache and 12,493 controls) from the Danish Blood Donor Study Genomic Cohort (p < 0.05, two-sided). Participants for the replication were included from 2015 to 2020. In conclusion, we show that complete freedom from headache has a genetic component, and we suggest that ADARB2 is involved in complete freedom from headache. The genomic locus was specific for complete freedom from headache and was not associated with any primary headache disorders.
Nesfatin-1 and nesfatin-1-like peptide attenuate hepatocyte lipid accumulation and nucleobindin-1 disruption modulates lipid metabolic pathways
Authors: Nasri Atefeh , Kowaluk Mateh , Widenmaier Scott B. , Unniappan Suraj
Published: May 2024

Nesfatin-1 (NESF-1) has been shown to modulate lipid metabolism. We have identified a nesfatin-1-like-peptide (NLP) processed from a related precursor nucleobindin 1 (NUCB1). Here we determined if NLP, like NESF-1, regulates lipid accumulation in vitro, and tested if the disruption of nucb1 gene affects hepatic lipid metabolism genes in mice. Hepatocytes (HepG2/C3A cells) express NLP and NESF-1 and both peptides significantly reduced lipogenic enzyme mRNAs and enhanced beta-oxidation enzyme mRNAs. Lipid contents in oleic acid induced HepG2/C3A cells were attenuated by NESF-1 and NLP. The inhibitory effect on cellular lipid content was blocked by compound C, an inhibitor of AMPK. The disruption of nucb1 gene affected lipid metabolism-related enzyme mRNAs, endogenous nucb2 mRNA and AMPK phosphorylation. The lipid-lowering effects identified here highlights the potential of nucleobindins and peptides processed from them to address lipid disorders, and its possible benefits in metabolic disease management.
Comparative profiling of serum, urine, and feces bile acids in humans, rats, and mice
Authors: Zheng Dan , Ge Kun , Qu Chun , Sun Tao , Wang Jieyi , Jia Wei , Zhao Aihua
Published: May 2024

Bile acids (BAs) play important pathophysiological roles in both humans and mammalian animals. Laboratory rats and mice are widely used animal models for assessing pharmacological effects and their underlying molecular mechanisms. However, substantial physiological differences exist in BA composition between humans and murine rodents. Here, we comprehensively compare BA profiles, including primary and secondary BAs, along with their amino acid conjugates, and sulfated metabolites in serum, urine, and feces between humans and two murine rodents. We further analyze the capabilities in gut microbial transform BAs among three species and compare sex-dependent variations within each species. As a result, BAs undergo amidation predominately with glycine in humans and taurine in mice but are primarily unamidated in rats. BA sulfation is a unique characteristic in humans, whereas rats and mice primarily perform multiple hydroxylations during BA synthesis and metabolism. For gut microbial transformed BA capabilities, humans are comparable to those of rats, stronger than those of mice in deconjugation and 7α-dehydroxylation, while humans are weak than those of rats or mice in oxidation and epimerization. Such differences enhance our understanding of the divergent experimental outcomes observed in humans and murine rodents, necessitating caution when translating findings from these rodent species to humans.
Multidimensional primate niche space sheds light on interspecific competition in primate evolution
Authors: van Holstein L. A. , McKay H. D. , Pimiento C. , Koops K.
Published: May 2024

Characterising how the totality of primate diversity is distributed across the order, and how it evolved, is challenging because diversity in individual traits often show opposing phylogenetic patterns. A species’ combination of traits can be conceptualised as its ‘niche’. Here, we describe and analyse seven-dimensional niche space, comprising 11 traits, for 191 primate species. Multifaceted diversity is distributed unequally among taxonomic groups. Cercopithecoidea and Hominidae occupy the largest areas of niche space, and are the most diverse families; platyrrhine families occupy small areas, and this space overlaps with strepsirrhines. The evolution of species’ locations in niche space is regulated by selection for adaptive optima in trait combinations. Given that niche similarity results in interspecific competition, we quantify two measures of species’ niche locations relative to others. We find that omnivores, frugivores, and species tolerating higher temperatures experience stronger interspecific competition. Hominidae occupation of niche space suggests competitive exclusion from niches by Cercopithecoidea over evolutionary time; but living great apes experience the lowest levels of interspecific competition. Callitrichids experience the highest levels of interspecific competition. Our results provide a standardised measure of primate niches that sheds light on the partitioning and evolution of primate diversity, and how this is driven by interspecific competition.
Genome-wide cross-disease analyses highlight causality and shared biological pathways of type 2 diabetes with gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Adewuyi Emmanuel O. , Porter Tenielle , O’Brien Eleanor K. , Olaniru Oladapo , Verdile Giuseppe , Laws Simon M.
Published: May 2024

Studies suggest links between diabetes and gastrointestinal (GI) traits; however, their underlying biological mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we comprehensively assess the genetic relationship between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and GI disorders. Our study demonstrates a significant positive global genetic correlation of T2D with peptic ulcer disease (PUD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), gastritis-duodenitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and diverticular disease, but not inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We identify several positive local genetic correlations (negative for T2D – IBD) contributing to T2D’s relationship with GI disorders. Univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomisation analyses suggest causal effects of T2D on PUD and gastritis-duodenitis and bidirectionally with GERD. Gene-based analyses reveal a gene-level genetic overlap between T2D and GI disorders and identify several shared genes reaching genome-wide significance. Pathway-based study implicates leptin (T2D – IBD), thyroid, interferon, and notch signalling (T2D – IBS), abnormal circulating calcium (T2D – PUD), cardiovascular, viral, proinflammatory and (auto)immune-mediated mechanisms in T2D and GI disorders. These findings support a risk-increasing genetic overlap between T2D and GI disorders (except IBD), implicate shared biological pathways with putative causality for certain T2D – GI pairs, and identify targets for further investigation.
Broad-spectrum ubiquitin/ubiquitin-like deconjugation activity of the rhizobial effector NopD from Bradyrhizobium (sp. XS1150)
Authors: Li Ying , Perez-Gil Jordi , Lois L. Maria , Varejão Nathalia , Reverter David
Published: May 2024

The post-translational modification of proteins by ubiquitin-like modifiers (UbLs), such as SUMO, ubiquitin, and Nedd8, regulates a vast array of cellular processes. Dedicated UbL deconjugating proteases families reverse these modifications. During bacterial infection, effector proteins, including deconjugating proteases, are released to disrupt host cell defenses and promote bacterial survival. NopD, an effector protein from rhizobia involved in legume nodule symbiosis, exhibits deSUMOylation activity and, unexpectedly, also deubiquitination and deNeddylation activities. Here, we present two crystal structures of Bradyrhizobium (sp. XS1150) NopD complexed with either Arabidopsis SUMO2 or ubiquitin at 1.50 Å and 1.94 Å resolution, respectively. Despite their low sequence similarity, SUMO and ubiquitin bind to a similar NopD interface, employing a unique loop insertion in the NopD sequence. In vitro binding and activity assays reveal specific residues that distinguish between deubiquitination and deSUMOylation. These unique multifaceted deconjugating activities against SUMO, ubiquitin, and Nedd8 exemplify an optimized bacterial protease that disrupts distinct UbL post-translational modifications during host cell infection.
Altered projection-specific synaptic remodeling and its modification by oxytocin in an idiopathic autism marmoset model
Authors: Noguchi Jun , Watanabe Satoshi , Oga Tomofumi , Isoda Risa , Nakagaki Keiko , Sakai Kazuhisa , Sumida Kayo , Hoshino Kohei , Saito Koichi , Miyawaki Izuru , Sugano Eriko , Tomita Hiroshi , Mizukami Hiroaki , Watakabe Akiya , Yamamori Tetsuo , Ichinohe Noritaka
Published: May 2024

Alterations in the experience-dependent and autonomous elaboration of neural circuits are assumed to underlie autism spectrum disorder (ASD), though it is unclear what synaptic traits are responsible. Here, utilizing a valproic acid–induced ASD marmoset model, which shares common molecular features with idiopathic ASD, we investigate changes in the structural dynamics of tuft dendrites of upper-layer pyramidal neurons and adjacent axons in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex through two-photon microscopy. In model marmosets, dendritic spine turnover is upregulated, and spines are generated in clusters and survived more often than in control marmosets. Presynaptic boutons in local axons, but not in commissural long-range axons, demonstrate hyperdynamic turnover in model marmosets, suggesting alterations in projection-specific plasticity. Intriguingly, nasal oxytocin administration attenuates clustered spine emergence in model marmosets. Enhanced clustered spine generation, possibly unique to certain presynaptic partners, may be associated with ASD and be a potential therapeutic target.
Magma titanium and iron contents dictate crystallization timescales and rheological behaviour in basaltic volcanic systems
Authors: Di Fiore Fabrizio , Vona Alessandro , Di Genova Danilo , Pontesilli Alessio , Calabrò Laura , Mollo Silvio , Taddeucci Jacopo , Romano Claudia , Scarlato Piergiorgio
Published: May 2024

Magma ascending through Earth’s crust undergoes complex chemical and physical changes that may induce crystallization, a process that contributes to lead the magmatic system toward a thermodynamic state of equilibrium. The diverse cooling and deformative regimes suffered by magmas heavily influence crystallization rates, solidification timescales, and consequently, the rheological evolution of magma. This, in turn, significantly impacts the dynamics of volcanic plumbing systems and the associated eruptive styles. Here, we investigate the rheological changes in Stromboli magma (Italy) during disequilibrium crystallization under non-isothermal subliquidus conditions. By systematically varying the cooling rate (1-10 °C/min) and the shear rate (1-10 s−1), we find that cooling rates significantly influence the solidification path of the basalt, whereas shear rates have a subordinate effect. By comparing our results with literature data on basalts from Mt. Etna (Italy), characterized by higher TiO2 and FeOtot contents, we observed distinct timescales and rates of solidification, contributing to unique eruptive dynamics in these volcanic plumbing systems.
A plasma protein-based risk score to predict hip fractures
Authors: Austin Thomas R. , Nethander Maria , Fink Howard A. , Törnqvist Anna E. , Jalal Diana I. , Buzkova Petra , Barzilay Joshua I. , Carbone Laura , Gabrielsen Maiken E. , Grahnemo Louise , Lu Tianyuan , Hveem Kristian , Jonasson Christian , Kizer Jorge R. , Langhammer Arnulf , Mukamal Kenneth J. , Gerszten Robert E. , Psaty Bruce M. , Robbins John A. , Sun Yan V. , Skogholt Anne Heidi , Kanis John A. , Johansson Helena , Åsvold Bjørn Olav , Valderrabano Rodrigo J. , Zheng Jie , Richards J. Brent , Coward Eivind , Ohlsson Claes
Published: May 2024

As there are effective treatments to reduce hip fractures, identification of patients at high risk of hip fracture is important to inform efficient intervention strategies. To obtain a new tool for hip fracture prediction, we developed a protein-based risk score in the Cardiovascular Health Study using an aptamer-based proteomic platform. The proteomic risk score predicted incident hip fractures and improved hip fracture discrimination in two Trøndelag Health Study validation cohorts using the same aptamer-based platform. When transferred to an antibody-based proteomic platform in a UK Biobank validation cohort, the proteomic risk score was strongly associated with hip fractures (hazard ratio per s.d. increase, 1.64; 95% confidence interval 1.53–1.77). The proteomic risk score, but not available polygenic risk scores for fractures or bone mineral density, improved the C-index beyond the fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX), which integrates information from clinical risk factors (C-index, FRAX 0.735 versus FRAX + proteomic risk score 0.776). The developed proteomic risk score constitutes a new tool for stratifying patients according to hip fracture risk; however, its improvement in hip fracture discrimination is modest and its clinical utility beyond FRAX with information on femoral neck bone mineral density remains to be determined.
Multifaceted consequences of visual distraction during natural behaviour
Authors: Kumle Levi , Võ Melissa L.-H. , Nobre Anna C. , Draschkow Dejan
Published: May 2024

Visual distraction is a ubiquitous aspect of everyday life. Studying the consequences of distraction during temporally extended tasks, however, is not tractable with traditional methods. Here we developed a virtual reality approach that segments complex behaviour into cognitive subcomponents, including encoding, visual search, working memory usage, and decision-making. Participants copied a model display by selecting objects from a resource pool and placing them into a workspace. By manipulating the distractibility of objects in the resource pool, we discovered interfering effects of distraction across the different cognitive subcomponents. We successfully traced the consequences of distraction all the way from overall task performance to the decision-making processes that gate memory usage. Distraction slowed down behaviour and increased costly body movements. Critically, distraction increased encoding demands, slowed visual search, and decreased reliance on working memory. Our findings illustrate that the effects of visual distraction during natural behaviour can be rather focal but nevertheless have cascading consequences.
Bifunctional magnetic nanoparticles with ion imprinting for improving the flow through determination of ultratraces of Cd(ii) using magnetic preconcentration
Authors: Minaberry Yanina Susana , Medina Leila Saleh , Cataneo Daiana , Stripeikis Jorge , Tudino Mabel
Published: May 2024

A novel bifunctional magnetic sorbent with mercapto and amino groups and ion imprinting (MBII) was synthesized using a one-step aqueous sol–gel process for preconcentration and determination of Cd(ii) ions.
Potential of vacuum impregnation and osmotic dehydration techniques in producing jaggery-fortified apple snacks
Authors: Barrera Cristina , Betoret Noelia , Seguí Lucía
Published: May 2024

Jaggery is proposed as a non-conventional osmotic agent to produce nutritious sustainable apple snacksviavacuum impregnation and osmotic dehydration, followed by air drying or freeze drying.
CCD-optimized Moringa oleifera-based hydrogel for the targeted and controlled release of the anti-cancer drug Raloxifene: evaluation of hemocompatible, cytotoxic and antioxidant properties
Authors: Mankotia Priyanka , Sharma Kashma , Mishra Yogendra Kumar , Sharma Vishal , Kumar Vijay
Published: May 2024

Naturally extracted Moringa oleifera gum has been utilized to synthesize a Moringa oleifera gum-based hydrogel for the pH-responsive sustained release of the anti-cancer drug Raloxifene.
Magneto-electrochemical method for chiral recognition of amino acid enantiomers
Authors: Jia Yueqian , Wu Wubin , Chen Rui , Wang Hong , Zhang Chuang , Chen Lili , Yao Jiannian
Published: May 2024

A magneto-electrochemical method for enhanced chiral recognition of amino acid enantiomers has been developed.
Construction of a tetrabenzotetrathia[8]circulene by a “fold-in” oxidative fusion reaction: synthesis and optical properties
Authors: Gu Shijun , Ma Zhihao , Lu Xiuqin , Tanaka Takayuki , Osuka Atsuhiro , Chen Fengkun
Published: May 2024

A saddle-shaped tetrabenzotetrathia[8]circulene was synthesized by a “fold-in” type oxidative fusion reaction of an ortho-phenylene-bridged cyclic tetrathiophene, which exhibits fluorescence at room temperature and phosphorescence at low temperature.
Confinement effects on the structure and reactivity of encapsulated buckybowls in cycloparaphenylene
Authors: Li Shan , Qiu Zi-Yang , Dang Jing-Shuang , Sakurai Hidehiro
Published: May 2024

DFT calculations proved that buckybowls can be stabilized in a cycloparaphenylene host through multi-site CH–π interactions and the restrictive buckybowls display novel reactivity distinct from that in their free state.
SO3-COF@Al2O3 modified cathode electrode materials enhance the cycling ability of lithium sulfur batteries
Authors: Jia Bingxin , Liu Wenhui , Yao Chan , Xie Wei , Xu Yanhong
Published: May 2024

The covalent organic framework (SO3-COF) was grown in situ on a modified Al2O3 substrate, forming the composite material SO3-COF@Al2O3. This material effectively suppresses the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides in Li–S batteries.
Over-lithiated NCM through Li5FeO4 for high energy silicon-based lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Dai Yue , Chang Bo , Li Wei , Zhou Haoshen , He Ping
Published: May 2024

A pre-lithiation reagent, Li5FeO4 (LFO), is incorporated into the LiNi0.85Co0.12Mn0.03O2 (NCM85E) cathode. The initial discharge capacity of SiC950/NCM85E full cells can increase from 151.0 mA h g−1 to 193.4 mA h g−1 with a high loading.
Two resistance-switchable hybrid polyoxotantalates based on {Co2Ta12} clusters
Authors: Cao Yun-Fei , Lin Yu-Jin , Li Xin-Xiong , Sun Yan-Qiong , Zheng Shou-Tian
Published: May 2024

Two Co(iii)–amine complex hybrid polyoxotantalates with different 3D frameworks have been constructed from {[CoIII(en)(Ta6O19)]2}10− ({Co2Ta12}) dimers. They exhibit stable nonvolatile storage behaviors.
Polymorphism and physical properties of pure and lead-doped monoclinic Sm2MoO6 oxymolybdates
Authors: Orlova Ekaterina I. , Kostanyan Leon K. , Trukhacheva Maria P. , Sorokin Timofei A. , Baldin Egor D. , Kharitonova Elena P. , Lyskov Nikolay V. , Yapaskurt Vasiliy O. , Alekseeva Olga A. , Voronkova Valentina I.
Published: May 2024

Lead-doped samarium Sm2MoO6 oxymolybdate has been prepared in air for the first time. Doping with Pb significantly increases the compound ionic conductivity, which reaches 10−3 S cm−1 at 900 °C.
Photoelectron spectrum of the pyridyl radical
Authors: Karaev Emil , Gerlach Marius , Theil Katharina , Garcia Gustavo A. , Alcaraz Christian , Loison Jean-Christophe , Fischer Ingo
Published: May 2024

We report the photoelectron spectrum of the pyridyl radical (C5H4N), a species of interest in astrochemistry and combustion.
Adsorptive avidity of Prussian blue polypyrrole nanocomposite for elimination of water contaminants: a case study of malachite green and isoniazid
Authors: Jan Tabee , Raheem Shabnam , Hanif Aamir , Rydzek Gaulthier , Peerzada G. M. , Ariga Katsuhiko , Shang Jin , Rizvi Masood Ahmad
Published: May 2024

Polypyrrole/Prussian blue hybrid adsorbent for contaminant remediation at pH 7, adsorption assisted reduction of 4-nitrophenol. Synergistic effects under which adsorption concentrates contaminants for effective degradation and self-cleansing.
Structural features and antiproliferative activity of Pd(ii) complexes with halogenated ligands: a comparative study between Schiff base and reduced Schiff base complexes
Authors: Forooghi Kimia , Amiri Rudbari Hadi , Stagno Claudio , Iraci Nunzio , Cuevas-Vicario José V. , Kordestani Nazanin , Schirmeister Tanja , Efferth Thomas , Omer Ejlal A. , Moini Nakisa , Aryaeifar Mahnaz , Blacque Olivier , Azadbakht Reza , Micale Nicola
Published: May 2024

The synthesis and characterization of several halogenated Schiff base and reduced Schiff base Pd(ii) complexes were conducted to explore the structural characteristics and antiproliferative properties.
Synthesis of a series of octaalkoxy-substituted cage silsesquioxanes catalyzed by zinc acetate
Authors: Watanabe Naoki , Imoto Hiroaki , Naka Kensuke
Published: May 2024

Octaalkoxy-substituted POSS (8RO-POSS) was synthesized using octahydrido-POSS and zinc acetate. The structure and properties of 8RO-POSS depended on the alkoxyl groups.
Dual endogenous stimulus-responsive Fe3O4@enzymes@ZIF-8 nanocomposites promote enzymatic circulation chemotherapy
Authors: Zhou XueZhi , Wu ZhaoGuo , Wang Jin , Zhao AiWu
Published: May 2024

An enhanced enzyme catalytic circulation chemotherapy based on dual endogenous stimulus-responsive Fe3O4@enzymes@ZIF-8 nanocomposites.
Partially carbonized chiral polymer with Cu-bis(oxazoline) as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for asymmetric Henry reaction
Authors: Chen Qingliang , Bi Feifei , Ye Jing , Guo Xiangke , Shen Yu , Zheng Wen-Hua , Guo Xuefeng
Published: May 2024

Through partially carbonizing the condensation polymer CB, the Cu–CB-180 catalyst achieved excellent enantioselectivity and recyclability in heterogeneous asymmetric Henry reaction.
Exploring the effect of axial ligands, solvation, and redox on structure and inter-metal communication in Fe3-EMACs
Authors: Obies Mohammed
Published: May 2024

The structure and bonding between Fe–Fe ions in the Fe3-EMACs complexes are not affected by the capped ligands (NCS−, CN−, and NO3−). However, the redox processes alter the structure of Fe3-EMAC from symmetrical to unsymmetrical.
Ce-doped three-dimensional graphite felt/PbO2 anode: single-step room-temperature electrodeposition and efficient electrocatalytic degradation of tetracycline
Authors: Huang Haolan , Zheng Chao , Chen Li , Tang Wenjing , Zhang Xuefeng , He Jiahao , Yang Yingchun
Published: May 2024

The GF/PbO2-Ce electrode, made via a one-step, room-temperature process, degrades 95.25% of 30 mg/L tetracycline in 30 mins and achieves 85.65% COD removal in 120 mins. It retains excellent efficiency after 5 reuse cycles.
A highly crystalline non-fused ring small-molecule acceptor as a third component significantly enhances the efficiency of all-polymer solar cells
Authors: Zhou Zhongxin , Yang Jun , Jin Shujing , Zhao Yongtao , Guan Changheng , Zhu WeiGuo , Liu Yu
Published: May 2024

Introducing the small molecule receptor DFTQA-2FIC into the PBDB-T: N2200 binary system resulted in an increase in PCE from 6.45% to 8.07%, which is one of the highest reported values for organic solar cells based on PBDB-T: N2200 to date.
In situ growth of g-C3N4/MIL-101(Fe) on iron mesh to activate persulfate for enhanced removal of methyl orange: mechanism and pathway
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Wang Xuemei , Huang Pengfei , Ma Yuan , Luo Wei , Du Xinzhen , Lu Xiaoquan
Published: May 2024

A facile in situ-solvothermal method was developed to create the photocatalytic mesh, using the mesh as the substrate and heterostructure g-C3N4/MIL-101(Fe) as photocatalytic material to activate persulfate and for enhanced removal of MO in water.
A 1T′-MoTe2/GaN van der Waals Schottky junction for self-powered UV imaging and optical communication
Authors: Gao Lenan , Yang Bangbang , Du Junli , Zhang Cheng , Ma Shihong , Guo Zhaowei , Wang Yu , Wang Jian , Li Xinjian , Wu Di , Lin Pei
Published: May 2024

A mixed-dimensional 1T′-MoTe2/GaN vdW Schottky photodiode with excellent weak-light detection capability is fabricated, which can sense 360 nm signals as low as 3 nW and the light emission from a lighter with a pronounced on/off ratio of ∼2.
Polyoxometalate-mediated syntheses of three structurally new silver clusters
Authors: Zhang Jing , Dong Yuanyuan , Deng Lan , Chi Manzhou , Feng Yeqin , Zhao Mengyun , Lv Hongjin , Yang Guo-Yu
Published: May 2024

Three structurally new polyoxometalate-templated silver clusters have been synthesized using a facile solvothermal approach, the resulting three clusters exhibit distinct temperature-dependent photoluminescence and photothermal conversion properties.
Carbonylative cyclization of biaryl enones with aldehydes and oxamic acids
Authors: Reddy Chada Raji , Kolgave Dattahari H. , Fatima Sana , Ramesh Remya
Published: May 2024

The assembly of phenanthren-9-(10H)-ones possessing keto or amide functionalities is disclosed via the carbonylative cyclization of biaryl enones using aldehydes/oxamic acids as carbonyl-radical sources.
Hydroboration of vinylsilanes providing diversity-oriented hydrophobic building blocks for biofunctional molecules
Authors: Namba Nao , Fujii Shinya
Published: May 2024

Hydroboration of vinylsilanes using BH3 universally provides two regioisomers of silylethanols. Vinylsilanes are a versatile source for designing hydrophobic building blocks of biofunctional molecules.
Chemical degradation of oxygenated polymers: the case of polyethers and polysiloxanes
Authors: Salahudeen Shamna , Thiel Tabea A. , Mejía Esteban
Published: May 2024

A review of the most representative advances in the chemical degradation of polythers and polysiloxanes, both in academia and industry.
Interfacial electron modulation for Ru particles on Cu aerogel as an efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Fan Haoxin , Wan Xinhao , Tang Yarui , Ye Jianqi , Gao Jie , Gao Wei , Wen Dan
Published: May 2024

The interfacial interaction between Ru nanoparticles and a Cu support in the Ru–Cu aerogel effectively modulates the electronic structure and reduces the energy barrier for HER, therefore leading to the high HER electrocatalytic property.
Polythiophene and its derivatives for all-polymer solar cells
Authors: Bai Qingqing , Cheng Yanxiang , Wang Wei , Chen Junwu , Sun Huiliang
Published: May 2024

We review polythiophene and its derivative (PT)-based polymer donors for all-PSCs, focusing on material design, morphology optimization strategies, and the selection and design of polymer acceptors that complement their properties.
Strong chiroptical properties from thin films of chiral imidazole derivatives allowing for easy detection of circularly polarized luminescence
Authors: Taddeucci Andrea , Campinoti Caterina , Sardelli Francesca , Pescitelli Gennaro , Di Bari Lorenzo , Lessi Marco , Zinna Francesco
Published: May 2024

Simplified pictorial representation of the ultra-cheap photoresistor-based CPL setup we designed and data obtained from it in comparison with CPL acquired with a conventional instrument.
Optimizing direct air capture under varying weather conditions
Authors: Schellevis H. M. , de la Combé J. D. , Brilman D. W. F.
Published: May 2024

An optimisation strategy to optimize adsorption-based direct air capture processes for year-round production at various locations around the world.
Millimeter‐wave end‐fire dual‐polarized frequency scanning antenna using LTCC technology
Authors: Yu Pengfei , Wei Changning , Sun Liguo , Ji Zhuoqiao , Yu Fan , Xu Ke
Published: May 2024

This letter proposes a millimeter‐wave dual‐polarized (DP) end‐fire frequency scanning antenna utilizing low temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) technology. The antenna features DP radiating elements, each comprising a quasi‐Yagi antenna for horizontal polarization (H‐pol) and a pyramidal horn antenna for vertical polarization (V‐pol). These elements are excited via a mode‐composited transmission line (MCTL), integrating substrate integrated coaxial line (TEM mode) with substrate integrated waveguide (TE10 mode). To mitigate phase imbalances between polarizations during beam scanning, a delay line is embedded in each quasi‐Yagi element, ensuring consistent scanning ranges for the two polarizations. Furthermore, the implementation of amplitude weighting in the feeding networks contributes to the enhancement of antenna efficiency. A 1 × 8‐element prototype was fabricated and its performance is assessed. The results show closely matched beam scanning ranges for the two polarizations (±28° for H‐pol and −30° to +34° for V‐pol) across the 26–29 GHz frequency band, with a measured maximum peak gain exceeding 9.2 dBi for both polarizations. The proposed design emerges as a promising candidate for compact mmW frequency scanning front‐end antenna systems.
EEG‐based efficient demographic classification with selective data approach and scalable hybrid network
Authors: Lee Jinui , Han Jae‐Ho
Published: May 2024

The proliferation of portable and wearable electroencephalography (EEG) devices has encouraged EEG research in various areas. These devices, while convenient, often come with limited computational capabilities. However, the challenge of minimizing network complexity for such edge devices was not fully addressed in previous studies. To tackle this, a scalable hybrid network is proposed to classify EEG signals with different demographic factors on edge devices. This model blends a convolutional neural network (CNN) with a self‐attention mechanism in a hybrid block structure. This design alternates between CNN layers and self‐attention layers to efficiently capture both local and global features. In this study, EEG signals acquired using a portable EEG device during gaming session is classified particularly into pre‐puberty and puberty stages. The developed scalable hybrid network (SH‐Net) has shown promising results in distinguishing between pre‐puberty and puberty EEG signals. As a result, the first stage of this model showed higher accuracy compared to other models in 10‐fold cross‐validation: 93.57% for four channels, 89.04% for the frontal lobe channels (AF), and 81.46% for the temporal lobe channels (TP). Notably, the third stage of this model, using the AF channel, achieved higher accuracy compared to other evaluated models that utilized four channels.
Photonics in Italy
Authors: Descrovi Emiliano , Ramponi Roberta , de Stefano Luca
Published: May 2024

Italy can boast a very diversified and lively panorama of educational, research and industrial activities pivoted about Optics and Photonics. Significant advancements in laser technology, optical communication, and optical materials are driving innovation in healthcare, manufacturing, agrifood and generally in promoting digital transition. The National Recovery and Resilience Plan is expected to greatly enhance the country competitiveness on a global scale.
Phase-change materials for photonic applications
Authors: Pavanello Fabio , Charbonnier Benoit , Noe Pierre
Published: May 2024

Phase-change materials (PCMs) have been growing in interest over the last decade for photonic applications. In this article, we will firstly review their properties and their key benefits with respect to concurring technologies for reconfigurable photonic devices and systems. Then, we will highlight some key open challenges PCMs are currently facing for their ubiquitous adoption. Finally, we will provide some potential routes for addressing these challenges with a focus on current activities in the Grenoble (France) region.
Photonic ge-based platforms for mid-infrared applications
Authors: Reboud V. , Hartmann J. M. , Serna S. , Stoll K. , Monat C. , Grillet C.
Published: May 2024

Silicon photonics, initially developed for data communications in the near infrared (NIR), has been extended over the last ten years to the mid-infrared (MIR) region. Efforts have been made to fully integrate MIR functions at chip level on Ge and Si planar substrates, to achieve greater reliability and higher performance at lower cost. The fields of application are vast, ranging from IR imaging of biological tissues to environmental monitoring, control of industrial processes, security and many more.
Digital Health bei der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung
Authors: Jacob Gitta , Fassbinder Eva , Klein Jan Philipp
Published: May 2024

Therapeutische Online-Angebote spielen in der deutschen Versorgungslandschaft aufgrund des Digitalen
Versorgung-Gesetzes (DVG) in den letzten Jahren eine zunehmende Rolle. Für weit verbreitete
Achse-I-Störungen wie Depressionen oder Angststörungen etablieren sie sich allmählich. Aber wie steht es
mit Online-Angeboten bei der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung, die ja als wesentlich komplexer gilt? Wie
sind hier die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen?
„Ich möchte es anders machen!“ – Persönlichkeitsstörungen und
Elternschaft
Authors: Zitzmann Jana , Rosenbach Charlotte , Renneberg Babette
Published: May 2024

Persönlichkeitsstörungen können auch als Störungen zwischenmenschlicher Interaktion verstanden werden.
Was bedeutet das Vorliegen einer Persönlichkeitsstörung für eine Elternschaft? Der Umgang mit Kindern
erfordert Einfühlungsvermögen und Fähigkeiten zur Selbstregulation. Wir beleuchten in diesem Beitrag
Herausforderungen von Eltern mit Persönlichkeitsstörungen und zeigen Ansatzpunkte für die
psychotherapeutische Arbeit.
Übertragungsfokussierte Psychotherapie bei
Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörungen
Authors: Buchheim Peter , Buchheim Anna
Published: May 2024

Das der Übertragungsfokussierten Psychotherapie (Transference Focused Psychotherapy, TFP)
zugrundeliegende Konzept wurde von Kernberg als eine modifizierte psychoanalytische Psychotherapie
entwickelt, die speziell auf die Behandlung von Patient*innen mit schweren Persönlichkeitsstörungen
abgestimmt wurde, bei denen seinerzeit eine Standardanalyse nicht mehr indiziert erschien1.
Persönlichkeitsstörungen
Authors: Huber Helene
Published: May 2024

Definitionen, Fakten, Relevantes – die PiD-Essentials fassen die wichtigsten Informationen zum Thema des
Heftes knapp und übersichtlich für Sie zusammen.
Topical Atropine for Myopia Control: A Review
Authors: Farassat Navid
Published: May 2024

Over the past decade, atropine has emerged as an effective intervention for preventing myopia in children. Multiple randomized controlled trials, mainly from Asia, have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of topical atropine for myopia control. Both efficacy and side effects exhibit a positive dose-response relationship. This review focuses on new data from studies with predominantly white populations, ethnicity-dependent differences in efficacy and side effects, and primary prevention of incident myopia with atropine.
Antireflux mucosectomy for gastroesophageal reflux disease: efficacy and the mechanism of action
Authors: Kuipers Thijs , Oude Nijhuis Renske A.B. , Pouw Roos E. , Bredenoord Albert J.
Published: May 2024

Background Previous studies suggested that antireflux mucosectomy (ARMS) is effective in reducing reflux symptoms and total acid exposure, although the mechanism is unknown. Our objective was to investigate the effect of ARMS on reflux parameters and its mechanism of action.

Methods Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients with insufficient symptom control despite a twice-daily proton pump inhibitor (PPI) underwent a piecemeal multiband mucosectomy of 50% of the circumference of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ), extending 2 cm into the cardia. The primary end point was the total number of reflux episodes during 24-hour pH-impedance studies.

Results 11 patients (8 men; median age 37 [interquartile range (IQR) 32–57] years) were treated, with one patient subsequently lost to follow-up. ARMS reduced the median (IQR) number of total reflux episodes (74 [60–82] vs. 37 [28–66]; P = 0.008) and total acid exposure time (8.7% [6.4%–12.7%] vs. 5.3% [3.5%–6.7%]; P = 0.03). Treatment reduced the median (IQR) number of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESRs) during a 90-minute postprandial period (4 [1–8] vs. 2 [1–4]; P = 0.03) and reflux symptom scores (3.6 [3.6–3.9] vs. 1.6 [0.7–2.7]; P = 0.005). Treatment did not increase the mean (SD) dysphagia scores (8.2 [7.3] vs. 8.5 [6.5]) or change the EGJ distensibility on impedance planimetry (4.4 [2.1] vs. 4.3 [2.2] mm2/mmHg). One delayed post-procedural bleed requiring repeat endoscopy occurred (10%); no strictures developed.

Conclusion ARMS is an effective treatment option in PPI-refractory GERD, reducing acid exposure, reflux episodes, and symptoms. While its working mechanism could not be explained by a difference in distensibility, a reduction in TLESRs might play a role.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound features as a potential biomarker for the prediction of breast cancer recurrence
Authors: Lee Youn Joo , Kim Sung Hun , Kang Bong Joo , Kim Yun Ju
Published: May 2024

Purpose To investigate the associations between contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging features and disease recurrence among patients with locally advanced breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Materials and Methods In the study, pre- and post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy contrast-enhanced ultrasound images of 43 patients with breast cancer were retrospectively analysed. Post-acquisition image processing involved the placement of freehand-drawn regions of interest, followed by the generation of blood flow kinetics representing blood volume and velocity for these regions of interest. Qualitative and quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameters were compared to predict recurrence, and receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to evaluate predictive ability.

Results Among the 43 patients, 10 (23%) exhibited disease recurrence (median [range]: 27 [4–68] months). Post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy peak enhancement, wash-in area under the curve, wash-out area under the curve, and wash-in and wash-out area under the curve (p=0.003, p=0.004, p=0.026, and p=0.014, respectively) differed between the no-recurrence and recurrence groups. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.88; 95% confidence interval: 0.75–1.00) for post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy peak enhancement was the highest among the contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameters, with a cut-off of 13.33 arbitrary units.

Conclusion Higher peak enhancement on post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy contrast-enhanced ultrasound images was associated with recurrence in women with locally advanced breast cancer and is a potential biomarker of tumor recurrence.
Electromediated Alcohol-Based Passerini-Type Reaction
Authors: Grimaud Laurence , Vitale Maxime R. , Simon Alexandre , Bachollet Sylvestre P. J. T. , Pan Na
Published: May 2024

An electrochemical variant of the alcohol-based oxidative Passerini reaction is reported here. It relies on an indirect anodic oxidation process followed by a three-component coupling, in which TEMPO serves as a key redox mediator. This electrochemical approach permits to operate without the need for a metal catalyst nor oxygen atmosphere and allows the use of nonactivated alcohols as reaction partners. It could be applied to the preparation of good variety of α-acyloxy-carboxamides in yields ranging from 24% to 80%.
Synthesis of Tetracyclic Benzazole–Condensed Quinazolinones through Triphenylbismuth Dichloride Assisted Cyclodesulfurization
Authors: Murata Yuki , Yasuike Shuji , Koyanagi Arisu , Takeshita Chisaki , Kato Yuki , Matsumura Mio
Published: May 2024

Benzazole-condensed quinazolinones, such as benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b]- and benzo[4,5]oxazolo[2,3-b]quinazolinones are of a great interest because of their potential applications as biologically active­ substances. Herein, we report that the treatment of various o-phenylenediamines with methyl 2-isothiocyanatobenzoate afforded thioxoquinazolinones, which were reacted in situ with triphenylbismuth dichloride in the presence of K2CO3 to give the desired benzimidazoquinazolinones in good to excellent yields under mild conditions. Triphenylbismuth dichloride promoted the conversion of thioxoquinazolinone to tetracyclic products as an efficient cyclodesulfurization reagent. All the steps in this tandem reaction were performed at room temperature. The present reaction system can also be applied to benzoxazoloquinazolinone synthesis by using 2-aminophenols as the starting material.
Atypical Presentation of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Almotairi Fawaz S. , Alanazi Aued I. , Alokayli Sherin Hamad , Maghrabi Sarah , Elwatidy Sherif M.
Published: May 2024

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a condition in which intracranial pressure (ICP) increases without an apparent cause. Typically, patients present with headaches, dizziness, pulsatile tinnitus, visual disturbances, blurred vision, diplopia, photophobia, visual field defects, and papilledema on fundoscopy. The association between IIH, spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea, and arachnoid cysts has been discussed in the literature; however, there is no clear explanation for this association. We aimed to present a series of four patients with a confirmed diagnosis of IIH with atypical presentations, discuss the management of each case, and provide an explanation for this association to alert clinicians to the atypical presentation of IIH and facilitate early diagnosis and proper treatment of this condition by CSF diversion. This was a retrospective case series of all patients who were diagnosed with IIH and showed improvement after ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion after failure of at least one operative intervention resulting from primary radiological and clinical findings in 2001 to 2022. Data on demographics, clinical presentation, radiological findings, surgical management, and diagnostic criteria for IIH were recorded. We identified four patients with a confirmed diagnosis of IIH who presented with atypical presentations as follows: intracranial arachnoid cyst, cervical spine arachnoid cyst, giant Virchow perivascular space, and spontaneous CSF (CSF) rhinorrhea. All patients responded to CSF diversion after failure of surgical treatment targeting the primary pathology. IIH should be suspected after the failure of primary surgical treatment in cases of spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea, spinal and cranial arachnoid cysts, and symptomatic ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Treatment in such situations should be directed toward IIH with CSF diversion.
Microvascular Decompression versus Radiofrequency Ablation in Trigeminal Neuralgia of the Maxillary and Mandibular Divisions
Authors: Habib Hosam-Eldin Abdel-Azim , Ellakany Mohamed Hamdy , Elnoamany Hossam , Elnaggar Ahmed Gabry
Published: May 2024

Background Although medical treatment is the mainstay of therapy, in trigeminal neuralgia (TN), patients failing to respond to it make them candidates to ablative or nonablative procedures.

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of Microvascular decompression (MVD) and radiofrequency (RF) thermocoagulation in the management of TN affecting the mandibular and maxillary divisions.

Materials and Methods Retrospective analysis of the data of 40 patients suffering from intractable classical TN affecting the maxillary or mandibular divisions or both was carried out. Twenty patients were operated upon by MVD of the trigeminal nerve; and 20 had RF ablation of the maxillary or mandibular divisions of the trigeminal nerve or both.

Results In MVD the overall successful outcome was achieved in 16 patients (80%), while the failure was in 4 patients (20%) of which 3 had a fair outcome and 1 patient had a poor outcome. Whereas in RF the overall successful outcome was achieved in 17 patients (85%), while the failure was in 3 patients (15%) of which 2 had a fair outcome and 1 patient had a poor outcome. Outcome was insignificantly different between both groups (p-value 0.806).

Conclusion MVD and RF ablation represent safe and efficacious surgical choices for addressing TN that encompasses both the mandibular and maxillary divisions. Long-term follow-up studies demonstrate that MVD consistently yields favorable outcomes, establishing it as the preferred primary surgical technique, unless contraindicated by the patient's general health and specific needs.
Computer-Assisted Surgery in Mandible Reconstruction
Authors: Shahzad Farooq
Published: May 2024

Computer-assisted surgery is the most significant recent advancement in osseous head and neck reconstruction. Computer-aided design (CAD) software allows computerized planning of resection and reconstruction. Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) can be used to create models, cutting guides, and patient-specific plates. Several studies have shown that these techniques are more accurate and result in decreased flap ischemia times compared with conventional techniques. CAD also facilitates the immediate placement of dental implants. The most useful application of computer-assisted surgery is delayed reconstruction, in which soft tissue contraction and the absence of a specimen as a reference make accurate estimation of the defect challenging. The drawbacks of CAD/CAM are lack of intraoperative flexibility and cost. Some centers have created in-house CAD/CAM processes using open-source software and commercially available three-dimensional printers.
Endoscopic Full-Thickness Resection of Proximal Ascending Colonic Intramucosal Carcinoma by FTRD Device: Saving the Colon
Authors: Pal Sandip
Published: May 2024

The full-thickness resection device (FTRD) allows for endoscopic full-thickness resection of gastrointestinal lesions up to 3 cm. This transluminal endoscopic minimally invasive technique allows safe closure after full-thickness resection, thereby providing an en-bloc specimen for histological examination and resection with minimal thermal damage. Using the device for lesions in the proximal ascending colon and cecum is technically challenging. Herein, we describe a case of JNET 2A/2B proximal ascending colonic polyp on both sides of the fold, which was resected safely by the FTRD device, and the en-bloc resected specimen turned out to be intramucosal carcinoma.
Kienböck Disease following a Single Wrist Traumatic Incident: A Scoping Review
Authors: Afshar Ahmadreza , Tabrizi Ali , Shariyate Mohammad J.
Published: May 2024

The incidence of Kienböck disease after a single wrist traumatic incident is rare but has been reported by several authors. Although most evidence consists of case reports and case series, two possible concerns have been suggested. First, a traumatic alteration of the wrist anatomy and measurements increase stresses on the lunate. These changes mostly follow fractures around the wrist and can be regarded as acquired risk factors that contribute to the development of Kienböck disease. Second, some wrist injuries may tear ligaments around the lunate and damage the accompanied blood vessels; so, compromising the circulation to the lunate. Surgeons should be aware of the development of Kienböck disease following a single wrist trauma to enable early diagnosis and management to improve outcomes.

Level of evidence Etiology IV.