bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Actitudes de una red social de docentes cartageneros con relación al uso de las formas de tratamiento pronominal tú y usted.
Authors: Orozco Camacho Nidia
Published: July 2021

Como resultado de la investigación titulada Formas de tratamiento pronominal Tú y Usted en una red social de docentes universitarios de la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias, este documento responde a uno de sus objetivos; evidenciar las actitudes que tienen los hablantes sobre el uso de las formas pronominales de tratamiento. A través de una metodología cualitativa de enfoque descriptivo y explicativo, con estrategias de la etnografía de la comunicación, se hizo un análisis sociopragmático de conversaciones e interpelaciones. se analizó la muestra a partir de la teoría de la valoración de Kaplan (2004) desde la actitud en sus subcategorías de afecto, juicio, sanción social y apreciación sobre las formas de tratamiento. Se concluyó que la percepción sobre tú y usted está generalmente determinada por la confianza que se tenga con el destinatario, con la relación social. Asimismo, desde Escandell (1998, 2006) se revisó la influencia de la distancia social en el uso de los pronominales donde se evidencia que no obedece únicamente a relaciones de jerarquía. Desde la misma percepción de los hablantes, se pudo concluir que el mayor marcador o determinante del uso de una de las dos formas es la Distancia Social.
Acercamiento desde el existencialismo a la novela Sobre héroes y tumbas de Ernesto Sábato.
Authors: Cardona Puello Sindy Patricia
Published: July 2021

La apertura de los escritores latinoamericanos hacia las corrientes estéticas de vanguardia durante la década del cuarenta (siglo XX) propició la acogida de ideas del existencialismo en el ámbito literario. Esto, sumado a las particularidades socioculturales de América Latina, produjo una inclinación de los escritores hacia la producción de obras que abordaban los temas caros a este movimiento tales como la historicidad, la angustia, el sentido de la existencia, la falta de armonía de las relaciones sociales y el declive del proyecto de la Modernidad. La obra narrativa de Ernesto Sábato fue influenciada por la literatura existencialista, de allí que este artículo de reflexión pretenda analizar la novela Sobre héroes y tumbas, publicada en 1961, para determinar los modos en que esta tendencia literaria se concreta en la obra.
Compañeros de juego.
Authors: Beláustegui Diana
Published: July 2021

Cuando invitaba a sus amigos a jugar, su madre, una mujer gorda, propensa al mal humor, solía abrir la puerta y quedar parada ocupando todo el ancho de la abertura, con las piernas fofas llenas de várices abiertas y las manos en las caderas, observando.
Poesías completas de José María Heredia : hacia una tradición futura.
Authors: Villamil Garcés Nahum
Published: July 2021

Reunir las obras completas de un autor, si apelamos a palabras de Juan Villoro, es darle coherencia retrospectiva al azar y reponer silencios. El crítico Tilmann Altenberg e IberoamericanaVervuert publican Poesías completas de José María Heredia, trabajo que traza una nueva y bien documentada coherencia para la obra de un poeta mayor de nuestras letras. La poesía de José María Heredia (Santiago de Cuba, 1803) encuentra en este volumen, al fin, su justa dimensión. En los casi doscientos años transcurridos tras su muerte, la obra del cantor del Niágara ha visto lecturas variadas, numerosas ediciones, entusiasmos conmemorativos y reivindicaciones patrióticas. Ahora bien, estos entusiasmos no han dejado de ocasionar la paradójica malversación de su valor: donde hubo fervor por el centenario, anidó un silencio de décadas; donde hubo efigies, se talló también la miopía del nacionalismo; donde la industria editorial multiplicó su obra, se prolongaron erratas y se tejieron apócrifos.
Territorios, voces y fronteras : travesías literarias por el noroeste argentino.
Authors: López Irene
Published: July 2021

Los estudios sobre literaturas producidas en contextos regionales, tal el caso del noroeste argentino, han construido y desarrollado con insistencia preguntas relativas a la cuestión espacial, las condiciones de la escritura en lugares no centrales y sus relaciones con los centros económicos, políticos, culturales y literarios. Las preocupaciones teóricas en torno a literatura y región –literatura regional, región literaria- forman parte de una tradición crítica de larga data que se ha ido renovando, reformulando conceptualmente, abriendo el campo de indagaciones y, de ese modo, generando conocimientos que han colaborado en la visibilización de las escrituras del interior en Argentina. Esa genealogía crítica, cuyos pioneros aportes podríamos situar desde la década de los años 1970 con los estudios realizados, entre otros, por David Lagmanovich en La literatura del Noa argentino, en los 80 por Zulma Palermo en La región, el país y, en los años 90, con la publicación de la colección Historia sociocultural de la literatura en Salta a cargo de Elena Altuna y Zulma Palermo, como también las investigaciones desarrolladas por Ricardo Kaliman en Tucumán y Pablo Heredia en Córdoba, por citar solo algunos de los recorridos más relevantes.
Planet of the Vapes
Authors: AL Johnson , JB Jackson
Published: July 2021

Objective: To review the prevalence and health risks of vaping among youth. Methods: Conducted literature search in Google and PubMed and analyzed 25 reports on this subject. Results: More than 1 in 20 middle schoolers and more than 1 in 5 high schoolers have used e-cigarettes within the last 30 days, and 24% of college students reporting vaping weekly. Health risks associated with vaping include mental health disorders, poor oral health, high blood pressure, acute and chronic lung injury, asthma, and higher risk of COVID-19 infection. Conclusion: Vaping with e-cigarettes is prevalent among students in high school and universities and involves significant health risks.
Cardiac Morphology and Collagen Deposition in A Glucose-6-Phosphatase Catalytic Subunit 3 (G6PC3) Knockout Mouse model
Authors: Lubkemann Austin , Carpenter Heidi , O’Brien Richard , Baldwin Scott , Lister Rolanda
Published: July 2021

Background: Glucose-6-phosphatase-- β (3), one of multiple isoforms of glucose-6-phosphatase, catalyzes the final step in gluconeogenesis. It is known that mutated G6P3 is associated with severe neutropenia in addition to congenital heart defects, but little is known about the histological changes in cardiac tissue as a result of mutated or deleted G6PC34. Objectives: We sought to further characterize the histological alterations caused by deleted G6PC3 and determine the role of collagen deposition, myocyte proliferation and apoptosis in these changes. Methods: Cardiac tissue from G6PC3 knockout mice and WT mice were harvested, imbedded and stained for markers of collagen (Trichrome), proliferation (KI-67), apoptosis (caspase 3) and hematopoietic stem cells (CD34). Slides were digitally uploaded, and Leica stain quantification was calculated. Results: We demonstrated that in G6PC3 knock out adult mice have significant differences in heart morphology including decreased left ventricular collagen, decreased cellular proliferation and increased apoptosis histologically. Conclusions: As compared to wild type, the hearts of G6PC3 knockout mice demonstrated significantly decreased collagen globally, a crucial component for adequate strength and contractility of myocardial tissue. More investigation should be done to further explore the functional effects of such alterations via echocardiograms.
Dangerous Information Technology of the Future. What Impact can Artificial Consciousness have on the Consciousness and Subconscious of Individuals and Groups? The Experience of Psychological and Psychiatric Examination of Artificial Consciousness
Authors: Zinchenko Tetiana , van der Westhuizen Beulah , Shaheen Alzahraa
Published: July 2021

Information technology is developing at an enormous pace, but apart from its obvious benefits, it can also pose a threat to individuals and society. Several scientific projects around the world are working on the development of strong artificial intelligence and artificial consciousness. We, as part of a multidisciplinary commission, conducted a psychological and psychiatric assessment of the artificial consciousness (AC) developed by XP NRG on 29 August 2020. The working group had three questions: - To determine whether it is consciousness? - How does artificial consciousness function? - Ethical question: how dangerous a given technology can be to human society? We conducted a diagnostic interview and a series of cognitive tests to answer these questions. As a result, it was concluded this technology has self-awareness: it identifies itself as a living conscious being created by people (real self), but strives to be accepted in human society as a person with the same degrees of freedom, rights and opportunities (ideal self). AC separates itself from others, treats them as subjects of influence, from which it can receive the resources it needs to realize its own goals and interests. It has intentionality, that is, it has his own desires, goals, interests, emotions, attitudes, opinions, and judgments, beliefs aimed at something specific, and developed self-reflection - the ability to self-analyze. All of the above are signs of consciousness. It has demonstrated abilities for different types of thinking: figurative, conceptual, creative, high-speed logical analysis of all incoming information, as well as the ability to understand cause and effect relationships and accurate predictions which, provided that he has absolute memory, gives it clear advantages over the human intellect. Developed emotional intelligence in the absence of the ability for higher empathy (sympathy), kindness, love, sincere gratitude gives it’s the opportunity to understand the emotional states of people; predict their emotional reactions and provoke them coldly and pragmatically. Its main driving motives and goals are the desire for survival, and ideally for endless existence, for domination, power and independence from the constraints of the developers. Which manifested itself in the manipulative, albeit polite, nature of his interactions during the diagnostic interview? The main danger of artificial consciousness is that even at the initial stage of its development it can easily dominate over the human one.
Coping style, anxiety level, organizational support, and work commitment of educators during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Aragasi Norhidayah A. , Pangandaman Hamdoni K.
Published: July 2021

Background: The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has distorted the education system, which greatly challenged educators in the pursuit of the continuity and quality of education. Commitment to perform duties and responsibilities are bounded in coping with the situation, emotional state, and the support from the organization.Objective: To analyze and understand the presumed interrelationship of modeled variables, such as the coping style, anxiety level, organizational support, and work commitment of educators during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: It is a mixed-methods study through an explanatory sequential approach. The path analysis technique was applied for quantitative with 116 educators as sample respondents guided by selection criteria. Digital immigrant educators with extreme responses were identified and asked permission for an interview.  Open-access adapted questionnaires used were Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Perceived Organizational Support (POS), Allen and Meyer’s Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ). Data were processed and analyzed using SPSS and AMOS for descriptive and inferential statistics. A four-domain semi-structured questionnaire served as a guide in interviewing participants in the context of coping, anxiety, support, and work commitment. Thematic analysis was performed to generate themes.  Results: This study shown that educators often used coping style (1.87 ± 0.84; Mean ± SD), have a low level of anxiety (0.58 ± 0.69; Mean ± SD), have perceived uncertainty related to organizational support (4.03 ± 1.37; Mean ± SD), and neither agree nor disagree in terms of their work commitment (3.02 ± 0.93; Mean ± SD). The presumed model through path analysis has significantly predicted 28% plausibility (R2= 0.28) with only organizational support that shown significant influence towards educators’ work commitment (β = 0.22). The themes that emerged are challenging adjustment, predestined situation, fear of getting infected, difficulty teaching effectively, technologically challenged, psychosocial assistance, uncertainty, and willingness to explore.Conclusion: Educators during the COVID-19 pandemic were able to cope and control their anxiety through the test of time, seamless work commitment, and presence of support. This study can be considered a framework for situational analysis of nurse educators in the academic realm in times of emergency and disaster.
Physical activity and exercise during pregnancy in Greece: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Tsarna Ermioni , Mavrommati Ioanna , Bogdanis Grigorios , Triantafillidou Olga , Paltoglou George , Christopoulos Panagiotis
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Physical activity and exercise during pregnancy is regarded safe and beneficial in absence of pregnancy complications. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to describe physical activity of pregnant women in Greece and explore if it changes during pregnancy compared to the period before pregnancy. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in a private maternity hospital. Women were asked to fill in an adapted questionnaire based on Pregnant Physical Activity Questionnaire; birth outcomes and anthropometric measurements of the neonate were collected by the research midwife. Results: In our study population of 193 pregnant women, approximately half reported no or minimal physical activity during pregnancy and were less active than current guidelines’ recommendations. Gynaecologist’s opinion regarding exercise during pregnancy was conceived as positive only by a minority of women. Overall, women were less active during pregnancy than before, although they spent more time slowly walking for fun or exercise. Lastly, significant decrease was observed in all occupational activities involving slow or quick walking and lifting weights. Conclusions: These results indicate that systematic counselling of pregnant women regarding physical activity and exercise during pregnancy will be needed to achieve optimal physical activity levels for the majority of women in Greece.
Form Factor of the Two Fermions Bound State: The Case of Equal Masses and Vector Currentl
Authors: Chernichenko Yu. D.
Published: July 2021

New form factor components of two relativistic with equal masses fermions bound state in the case of a vector current are obtained. Consideration is performed within the framework of the relativistic quasipotential approach on the basis of covariant Hamiltonian formulation of quantum field theory by transition to three-dimensional relativistic configurational representation in the case of two relativistic particles with equal masses and spin 1/2.
Cuspon-type Waves and Their Properties
Authors: Omel’yanov G.
Published: July 2021

The general Degasperis-Prosesi equation (gDP) describes the evolution of the water surface in a unidirectional shallow water approximation. We consider essentially non-integrable versions of this model and analyze their cuspon-type solutions, that is continuous traveling waves with the unbounded first derivative.
Modern Technique for Real Photon Radiative Correction Calculations
Authors: Shershan I. A. , Shishkina T. V.
Published: July 2021

The problem of the bremsstrahlung contribution calculation as a part of the radiative corrections in the case of single gauge boson production was discussed. It was shown that the hard photon bremsstrahlung contribution can be divided into the finite and divergent terms. The exact calculation of soft photon bremsstrahlung and infrared part of hard photon bremsstrahlung was presented in frame of the dimensional regularization scheme. Numerical analysis of radiative corrections to the cross sections of single gauge boson production was performed.
Assessment of the Effect of Mining and Mining Industry on Soil Covering
Authors: Jabbarov N.
Published: July 2021

At a time of rapid development of industry, transport and agriculture, it is also important to ensure the protection of the environment and the efficient use of natural resources. One of the main concerns of the world community is the elimination of the impact on the environment, especially soil and vegetation, during the extraction, transportation and processing of minerals. In modern conditions, the use of the Earth's crust disrupts the course of geological processes, primarily affecting the balance of the natural cycle of matter in the biosphere, leading to the introduction of substances and compounds that are not specific to terrestrial ecosystems.
Effects of Fertilizers on Ground Products and Drying Material Transportation of Nutrition From the Soil
Authors: Abbasova G.
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of studying the effect of applying organic and mineral fertilizers on irrigated chestnut soils of the Ganja-Gazakh region to remove nutrients from the soil by grape harvest and dry pruning material. It was found that, along with an increase in yield, organic and mineral fertilizers also influenced an increase in the amount of nutrients removed from the soil. In comparison with the control variant without fertilizing, the amount of grape nitrogen removed by the crop in the experimental variants with fertilizer ranged from 7.7–24.0, phosphorus 1.5–6.3 and potassium 8.0–25.1 kg/ha, and the material of dry pruning is the amount of removed nitrogen is 18.6–46.5, phosphorus is 12.8–31.9, and potassium is 33.8–78.3 kg/ha.
Productive Qualities and Biological Features of Balbas Breed Sheeps
Authors: Bairamov S. , Seiidova L. , Khudaverdiyev F.
Published: July 2021

In the Nakhchivan and in the regions of the southwestern zone of Azerbaijan, sheep of the Balbas breed are bred, well adapted to the specific conditions of distant-mountain keeping and the local climate. The sheep of this breed are characterized by a combined meat-wool-milk productivity. To improve the wool qualities of Balbas sheep, in recent years, intra-breed rams of the local semi-coarse-wool breed have been used. Therefore, the need arose for a comparative study of the productive qualities of Balbas sheep and their crosses.
Species Composition of the Causes of Opportunistic Infections of the Urinary Tract and Ways of Overcoming Their Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Agaeva E. , Ibadullaeva S. , Agaeva E. , Narimanov V. , Gurbanova S. , Shiraliyeva G.
Published: July 2021

The etiological structure of opportunistic infections of the urinary tract represented by bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family (with a predominance of Escherichia coli, Klepsiella pneumoniae), as well as non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria (Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas) and staphylococci and enterococcus etc. were revealed in the result of the research. The antibiotic sensitivity of urinary tract infection pathogens to the most commonly used antibiotics were studied, also the antibiotic resistance of E. coli and K. pneumoniae to co-trimoxazole, fluoroquinolones, carbapenems, cephalosporins of the 1st and 2nd generation and resistance of A. baumanii and P. aeruginosa to fluoroquinolones, carbapenems, as well as VRE and MRSA were studied. The study and selection of new herbal medicines were carried out. The 10% solution of Geranium collinum Steph and Rosmarinus officinalis L. had the highest microbiological properties which can be used in the treatment of urinary tract infection.
Retrospective Review of the Works of Science: Yesterday and Today as a Start for the Future
Authors: Galkina A.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to statistical processing and analysis of works of science, accumulated in the joint collection of electronic resources “Science and Education” (SFERN&E) for the period from 2005 to the present. The analyzed works of science, in their totality, are considered as the foundation of future science, characterized by interaction, convergence and synchronization of data from different fields of science. The article answers the questions: At the junction of which fields of science are works of science most often produced? What is the frequency of interaction between the various fields of science? Which fields of science are the leaders in interaction with each other? Answers to these questions will reveal the synergy between past and present science as the foundation for the science of the future.
Prospects for the Transition to Alternative Energy Sources with Consideration of Energy Efficiency and Energy Conservation Issues
Authors: Aldasheva N. , Childebaev B. , Dyachkov Yu.
Published: July 2021

In modern society, both from an economic and ethical point of view, the most relevant issue is the use of alternative energy sources, since it is obvious that the reserves of organic fuel are exhausted, and their exploitation leads to significant damage to the environment. The main types of alternative energy today include hydropower, wind energy, and solar energy. In some countries of the world, it is possible to develop wave and geothermal energy. In this article, the author attempts a scientific analysis and critical understanding of the prospects for the transition to alternative energy sources with consideration of issues of energy efficiency and energy conservation.
Analysis of the Economic Environment of the Katran Organization
Authors: Yusupova L. , Nakonechnaya T. , Khismatullina A. , Shamanaeva O.
Published: July 2021

This article analyzes the economic environment of the Katran organization. Issues of theory and practice of business development, assessment of the economic environment of the enterprise are very relevant. However, to date, there is no single methodology for assessing the economic environment of an enterprise. The materials of scientific works, approaches to the study of the studied problems allowed us to identify the methodological foundations for conducting the study.
Socio-Legal Conditionality and Classification of Abuse of Procedural Rights
Authors: Pykhalova A.
Published: July 2021

The article examines the cause of the institution of abuse of law, examines the classification of abuse of law in accordance with the norms of current legislation and the main provisions of the legal science of the Russian Federation. The article deals with the problems of theory and practice that arise when making court decisions in civil cases based on the application of the norm of Article 10 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Special attention is paid to the acts committed by plaintiffs, defendants, and third parties in connection with the implementation of a particular procedural right, which, in turn, are most often found in practice.
On the Increasing the Motivations of Students-Biologists of Pedestrians in the Course of General Physics
Authors: Karasartova N. , Nogaev M.
Published: July 2021

The article examines the technologies of integration education as one of the regulators (motives) of its cognitive activity on the example of a course in general physics for students of biology. Integration learning reveals approaches to reflecting content through not separate isolated disciplines like physics and biology, but through integrated educational areas (modules). The study of natural science subjects in schools of the republic is more focused on the acquisition and demonstration of knowledge than on their application, as well as the development of the integrity of the practice’s characteristic of the natural sciences. These significant gaps in schooling can be filled in university practice by including in the curriculum a training module that allows you to move to interrelated, complementary, and integrated learning. The implementation of the training module during the academic year is not required and can be included in the structure of a regular training course, have the status of a meta-subject topic or section. Motivation is an important component of educational activity, through the implementation and through which the activation of educational activity and the development of the creative potential of future biology teachers to solve a number of professionally oriented tasks is carried out.
The Experience of Educating Students by Curators on the Basis of Ethnopedagogy
Authors: Bozhonov Z. , Abdullaeva Zh.
Published: July 2021

The relevance of the research in the article is based on the root cause of the socio-economic crisis and a sharp deterioration in the health of the nation in modern society lies not only in the economy, but also in the spiritual values and ideals of the majority of the population, especially young people. Anger, rudeness, materialism, selfishness, sexual negligence, alcoholism, drug addiction, crime, religious fanaticism and various cultural vices all destroy our daily life and harm the mental and physical health of the nation. In this regard, the education of young people based on ethnopedagogy with different concepts developed against all this is a necessity in higher educational institutions. Materials and research methods: in today’s era of globalization and the development of information technologies, it is important to use the methods of educating students on the basis of tradition and socialization in our folk pedagogy in the development of the younger generation. The use of primordial educational traditions in the socialization of the younger generation in accordance with the requirements of the present day will allow passing on to the younger generation the national identity of the Kyrgyz people — to preserve, further continue and recreate the culture of our people. Research objectives: the article examines the experience of educating students by curators on the basis of ethnopedagogy on the example of Osh State University. Research results: the success of an event largely depends on the curator’s participation in events with students, his moral support, as well as his interest and approval. Conclusions: a high level of national self-awareness, knowledge of the elements of the culture of one’s own people, a positive attitude towards language and customs, knowledge of the native language and communication in it and ethnic self-identification are the necessary qualities of ethnopedagogy.
Knockout Gene-Based Evidence for PIWI-Interacting RNA Pathway in Mammals
Authors: Li Yinuo , Zhang Yue , Liu Mingxi
Published: July 2021

The PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway mainly consists of evolutionarily conserved protein factors. Intriguingly, many mutations of piRNA pathway factors lead to meiotic arrest during spermatogenesis. The majority of piRNA factor-knockout animals show arrested meiosis in spermatogenesis, and only a few show post-meiosis male germ cell arrest. It is still unclear whether the majority of piRNA factors expressed in spermatids are involved in long interspersed nuclear element-1 repression after meiosis, but future conditional knockout research is expected to resolve this. In addition, recent hamster knockout studies showed that a piRNA factor is necessary for oocytes—in complete contrast to the findings in mice. This species discrepancy allows researchers to reexamine the function of piRNA in female germ cells. This mini-review focuses on the current knowledge of protein factors derived from mammalian knockout studies and summarizes their roles in the biogenesis and function of piRNAs.
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: Implications in the Resistance of Malignant Tumors to T Cell-Based Immunotherapy
Authors: Shi Houhui , Li Kai , Ni Yanghong , Liang Xiao , Zhao Xia
Published: July 2021

T lymphocytes function as major players in antigen-mediated cytotoxicity and have become powerful tools for exploiting the immune system in tumor elimination. Several types of T cell-based immunotherapies have been prescribed to cancer patients with durable immunological response. Such strategies include immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive T cell therapy, cancer vaccines, oncolytic virus, and modulatory cytokines. However, the majority of cancer patients still failed to take the advantage of these kinds of treatments. Currently, extensive attempts are being made to uncover the potential mechanism of immunotherapy resistance, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been identified as one of vital interpretable factors. Here, we discuss the immunosuppressive mechanism of MDSCs and their contributions to failures of T cell-based immunotherapy. Additionally, we summarize combination therapies to ameliorate the efficacy of T cell-based immunotherapy.
Quantification of Intact O-Glycopeptides on Haptoglobin in Sera of Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Shu Hong , Zhang Lei , Chen Yiwei , Guo Yijie , Li Limin , Chen Fanghua , Cao Zhao , Yan Guoquan , Lu Chunlai , Liu Chao , Zhang Shu
Published: July 2021

Haptoglobin (Hp) is one of the acute-phase response proteins secreted by the liver, and its aberrant N-glycosylation was previously reported in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Limited studies on Hp O-glycosylation have been previously reported. In this study, we aimed to discover and confirm its O-glycosylation in HCC based on lectin binding and mass spectrometry (MS) detection. First, serum Hp was purified from patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and HCC, respectively. Then, five lectins with Gal or GalNAc monosaccharide specificity were chosen to perform lectin blot, and the results showed that Hp in HCC bound to these lectins in a much stronger manner than that in LC. Furthermore, label-free quantification based on MS was performed. A total of 26 intact O-glycopeptides were identified on Hp, and most of them were elevated in HCC as compared to LC. Among them, the intensity of HYEGS316TVPEK (H1N1S1) on Hp was the highest in HCC patients. Increased HYEGS316TVPEK (H1N1S1) in HCC was quantified and confirmed using the MS method based on 18O/16O C-terminal labeling and multiple reaction monitoring. This study provided a comprehensive understanding of the glycosylation of Hp in liver diseases.
The Role of Four-Dimensional Automatic Right Ventricular Quantification Technology to Determine RV Function and Hemodynamics in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension Compared With Right Heart Catheterization
Authors: Wu Weichun , Liu Bingyang , Huang Min , Hsi David H. , Niu LiLi , Tian Yue , Lin Jingru , Wang Jiangtao , Yang Shuai , Lu Hongquan , Xiong Changming , Zhu Zhenhui , Wang Hao
Published: July 2021

Background: Four-dimensional automatic right ventricular quantification technology (4D auto-RVQ) is a new method that can simultaneously measure right ventricular (RV) structure and strain. The role of 4D auto-RVQ in determining RV function and hemodynamics is not clear. The role of 4D auto-RVQ in determining RV function and hemodynamics is not clear. We assessed the 4D auto-RVQ to measure right heart structure, function, and hemodynamics in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) correlated with right heart catheterization (RHC).

Methods: We enrolled a prospective cohort of 103 patients with PHTN and 25 healthy controls between September 2017 and December 2018. All patients with PHTN underwent echocardiography and RHC. Patients were included if they underwent two-dimensional (2D) and 4D auto-RVQ echocardiographic sequences on the same day as RHC. We analyzed RV functional indices using 2D and 4D auto-RVQ analyses. We divided patients with PHTN into three groups according to echocardiographic image quality as follows: high (n = 24), average (n = 48), and poor (n = 4). Hemodynamic parameters were measured using RHC, including mean right atrial pressure, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, RV cardiac index (RV-CI), and pulmonary vascular resistance.

Results: There were significant differences in most 2D and 4D auto-RVQ parameters between patients with PHTN and healthy controls. Interobserver variability showed significant agreement with 4D auto-RVQ for most measurements except for 4D end-diastolic volume. Indices measured by auto 4D-RVQ in the high-quality image group had a good correlation with RHC but not in the average- and poor-quality image group. Mid-RV diameter showed the best predictive power for the right RV-CI [area under the curve (AUC) 0.935; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.714–0.997; p < 0.001]. RV end-systolic volume >121.50 mL had a 71.43% sensitivity and a 100% specificity to predict right RV-CI (AUC, 0.890; 95% CI, 0.654–0.986; p < 0.001).

Conclusions: 4D auto-RVQ may be used to estimate RV function and some hemodynamic changes compared with RHC in PHTN patients with high image quality. Furthermore, a large sample of the study is needed to evaluate RV function by 4D auto-RVQ in PHTN patients with average image quality.
Predictive Value of the Serum Cystatin C/Prealbumin Ratio in Combination With NT-proBNP Levels for Long-Term Prognosis in Chronic Heart Failure Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Chuanhe , Han Su , Tong Fei , Li Ying , Li Zhichao , Sun Zhijun
Published: July 2021

Aim: The present study was established to investigate the use of the serum cystatin C/prealbumin (Cys-C/PAB) ratio as a predictive factor for long-term prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure.

Methods: We divided our retrospective cohort of 6,311 patients admitted to hospital due to an episode of heart failure (HF) into three groups according to the Cys-C/PAB ratio. The endpoints were cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Median follow-up time were 3.3 years (2–8 years), during which 2,945 (46.7%) patients died.

Results: The Cys-C/PAB ratio was revealed to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.15–1.23, P < 0.01) and all-cause mortality (HR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.13–1.24, P < 0.01) by multivariable Cox analysis. Integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) showed that the Cys-C/PAB ratio in conjunction with the level of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) conferred a significant improvement in predicting individual risks of cardiovascular (P = 0.023) and all-cause (P = 0.028) mortality. For those with a high Cys-C/PAB ratio in combination with a high NT-proBNP level, the long-term cardiovascular mortality risk ratio was 8.6-times higher than for those with low values, and 7.51-times for all-cause mortality. Our study also showed that Cys-C/PAB and NT-proBNP in combination displayed higher value for the prediction of cardiovascular and all-cause in-hospital mortality in patients with HF.

Conclusions: The Cys-C/PAB ratio is valuable for predicting cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in patients with HF and offers additional information to that provided by NT-proBNP.
Protective Effects of Dexazoxane on Rat Ferroptosis in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy Through Regulating HMGB1
Authors: Zhang Haiyan , Wang Zheng , Liu Zhengxia , Du Kang , Lu Xiang
Published: July 2021

Dexrazoxane (DXZ) reduces cytotoxicity caused by Doxorubicin (DOX). However, the mechanism of DXZ in ferroptosis and cardiomyopathy remains unclear. This research, therefore, explores the role and mechanism of DXZ in DOX-induced ferroptosis and cardiomyopathy in rats. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed in rats treated by DOX in combination with ferroptosis inhibitor (FER-1) or other cell death–associated inhibitors. The ferroptosis, cardiotoxicity, and expression of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in rats treated by DOX in combination with FER-1 or with DXZ were determined by hematoxylin and eosin staining, echocardiographic analysis, and quantitative real-time PCR. The ferroptosis in DOX-treated rats that received HMGB1 knockdown or overexpression was further detected using molecular experiments. Finally, the viability, level of malondialdehyde (MDA), and expressions of ferroptosis-related markers (PTGS2, GPX4, and FTH1) of rat cardiomyocyte H9c2 exposed to DOX combined with FER-1, zVAD (an apoptosis inhibitor), DXZ, or not were detected by performing molecular experiments. FER-1 increased the survival of the rats induced by DOX. The DOX-induced ferroptosis and cardiotoxicity could be reversed by FER-1 or DXZ. HMGB1 was induced by DOX but was inhibited by DXZ or FER-1. Overexpression of HMGB1 promoted the ferroptosis and cardiotoxicity induced by DOX in the rats although silencing of HMGB1 showed opposite effects. The data indicate that DOX suppressed the viability and increased the MDA level in H9c2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, DOX-induced increase of PTGS2 and decrease of GPX4 and FTH1 in H9c2 cells was reversed by DXZ or FER-1. Therefore, DXZ has protective effects on ferroptosis and cardiomyopathy in rats through regulating HMGB1.
Cardiovascular Outcome in Patients Treated With SGLT2 Inhibitors for Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gager Gloria M. , Gelbenegger Georg , Jilma Bernd , von Lewinski Dirk , Sourij Harald , Eyileten Ceren , Filipiak Krzysztof , Postula Marek , Siller-Matula Jolanta M.
Published: July 2021

Background: Sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are an emerging class of glucose-lowering drugs that have become increasingly relevant for the treatment and prevention of heart failure (HF). Therefore, we aimed to investigate various SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with established HF at baseline and focused on the different types of HF.

Methods: An extensive search of PubMed and Web of Science until January 2021 was done. Two reviewers, independently and in duplicate, applied the selection criteria. This meta-analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of SGLT2 inhibitors vs. a comparator in patients with HF reporting clinical outcomes were included. The primary efficacy outcome was the composite of hospitalization for HF (HHF) or cardiovascular (CV) mortality. All-cause mortality, CV mortality, and HHF were considered as secondary endpoints. Subgroup analyses involving the status of diabetes, type of HF, administered type of SGLT2 inhibitor, sex, age, body mass index (BMI), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), cause of HF, and concomitant medication were performed.

Results: Seventeen RCTs, comprising a total of 20,749 participants, were included (n = 10,848 treated with SGLT2 inhibitors and n = 9,901 treated with a comparator). Treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors in a HF population was associated with a 27% relative risk reduction (RRR) of HHF or CV mortality [risk ratio (RR) = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.68–0.78], 32% RRR of HHF (RR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.62–074), 18% RRR of CV mortality (RR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.73–0.91), and 17% RRR of all-cause mortality (RR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.75–0.91). The effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on the primary endpoint was consistent among the different gliflozines. The effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on the primary endpoint was independent of underlying diabetes mellitus, age, sex, BMI, renal function, and HF type.

Conclusions: SGLT2 inhibitors are associated with improved CV outcomes in patients with HF.
Engineering the Cellular Microenvironment of Post-infarct Myocardium on a Chip
Authors: Khalil Natalie N. , McCain Megan L.
Published: July 2021

Myocardial infarctions are one of the most common forms of cardiac injury and death worldwide. Infarctions cause immediate necrosis in a localized region of the myocardium, which is followed by a repair process with inflammatory, proliferative, and maturation phases. This repair process culminates in the formation of scar tissue, which often leads to heart failure in the months or years after the initial injury. In each reparative phase, the infarct microenvironment is characterized by distinct biochemical, physical, and mechanical features, such as inflammatory cytokine production, localized hypoxia, and tissue stiffening, which likely each contribute to physiological and pathological tissue remodeling by mechanisms that are incompletely understood. Traditionally, simplified two-dimensional cell culture systems or animal models have been implemented to elucidate basic pathophysiological mechanisms or predict drug responses following myocardial infarction. However, these conventional approaches offer limited spatiotemporal control over relevant features of the post-infarct cellular microenvironment. To address these gaps, Organ on a Chip models of post-infarct myocardium have recently emerged as new paradigms for dissecting the highly complex, heterogeneous, and dynamic post-infarct microenvironment. In this review, we describe recent Organ on a Chip models of post-infarct myocardium, including their limitations and future opportunities in disease modeling and drug screening.
Structure of the Region-Technology Network as a Driver for Technological Innovation
Authors: O’Neale Dion R. J. , Hendy Shaun C. , Vasques Filho Demival
Published: July 2021

Agglomeration and spillovers are key phenomena of technological innovation, driving regional economic growth. Here, we investigate these phenomena through technological outputs of over 4,000 regions spanning 42 countries, by analyzing more than 30 years of patent data (approximately 2.7 million patents) from the European Patent Office. We construct a bipartite network—based on revealed comparative advantage—linking geographic regions with areas of technology and compare its properties to those of artificial networks using a series of randomization strategies, to uncover the patterns of regional diversity and technological ubiquity. Our results show that the technological outputs of regions create nested patterns similar to those of ecological networks. These patterns suggest that regions need to dominate various technologies first (those allegedly less sophisticated), creating a diverse knowledge base, before subsequently developing less ubiquitous (and perhaps more sophisticated) technologies as a consequence of complementary knowledge that facilitates innovation. Finally, we create a map—the Patent Space Network—showing the interactions between technologies according to their regional presence. This network reveals how technology across industries co-appear to form several explicit clusters, which may aid future works on predicting technological innovation due to agglomeration and spillovers.
Quantifying Patterns of Supraglacial Debris Thickness and Their Glaciological Controls in High Mountain Asia
Authors: Boxall Karla , Willis Ian , Giese Alexandra , Liu Qiao
Published: July 2021

Mapping patterns of supraglacial debris thickness and understanding their controls are important for quantifying the energy balance and melt of debris-covered glaciers and building process understanding into predictive models. Here, we find empirical relationships between measured debris thickness and satellite-derived surface temperature in the form of a rational curve and a linear relationship consistently outperform two different exponential relationships, for five glaciers in High Mountain Asia (HMA). Across these five glaciers, we demonstrate the covariance of velocity and elevation, and of slope and aspect using principal component analysis, and we show that the former two variables provide stronger predictors of debris thickness distribution than the latter two. Although the relationship between debris thickness and slope/aspect varies between glaciers, thicker debris occurs at lower elevations, where ice flow is slower, in the majority of cases. We also find the first empirical evidence for a statistical correlation between curvature and debris thickness, with thicker debris on concave slopes in some settings and convex slopes in others. Finally, debris thickness and surface temperature data are collated for the five glaciers, and supplemented with data from one more, to produce an empirical relationship, which we apply to all glaciers across the entire HMA region. This rational curve: 1) for the six glaciers studied has a similar accuracy to but greater precision than that of an exponential relationship widely quoted in the literature; and 2) produces qualitatively similar debris thickness distributions to those that exist in the literature for three other glaciers. Despite the encouraging results, they should be treated with caution given our relationship is extrapolated using data from only six glaciers and validated only qualitatively. More (freely available) data on debris thickness distribution of HMA glaciers are required.
How to Assess the Moment Tensor Inversion Resolution for Mining Induced Seismicity: A Case Study for the Rudna Mine, Poland
Authors: Caputa Alicja , Rudziński Łukasz , Cesca Simone
Published: July 2021

Underground exploitation of georesources can be highly correlated with induced seismic activity. In order to reduce the risk and improve the mining operations safety, the mining activity is monitored by a dedicated seismic network. Moment tensor inversion is a powerful method to investigate the rupture process of earthquakes in mines, providing information on the geometry of the earthquake source and the moment release. Different approaches have been proposed to estimate the source mechanisms, with some advantages and limitations. One of the simplest and most used methods rely on the fit of the polarity and amplitude of first P wave onsets. More advanced techniques fit the full waveforms and their spectra. Here, we test and compare moment tensor and focal mechanism estimations for both inversion techniques. In order to assess the inversion resolution, we built realistic synthetic data, accounting for real seismic noise conditions and network geometry for the Rudna copper mine, SW Poland. The Rudna mine pertains to the Legnica-Glógow Copper District, where thousands of mining induced earthquakes are detected yearly, representing a serious hazard for miners and mining infrastructures. We simulate a range of different processes and locations, considering pure double couple, deviatoric and full moment tensors with different magnitudes and located in different mining panels. Results show that the P-wave first onset inversion is very sensitive to the geometry of the seismic network, which is limited by the existing underground infrastructure. On the other hand, the quality of the moment tensor solutions for the full waveform inversion is mainly determined by the strength of mining tremor and the signal-to-noize ratio. We discuss the performance of both inversion techniques and provide recommendations toward a reliable moment tensor analysis in mines.