bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy on Surgical Outcomes After Lymph Node Dissections for Stage III Melanoma; An Australian Cohort
Authors: Zijlker Lisanne P. , Chen Henry , Spillane Andrew J. , Gonzalez Maria , Pennington Thomas E. , Menzies Alexander M. , Lo Serigne N. , Ferguson Peter , Rawson Robert , Colebatch Andrew J. , Stretch Jonathan R. , Thompson John F. , Ch’ng Sydney , Nieweg Omgo , Shannon Kerwin F. , Long Georgina V. , Scolyer Richard A. , Saw Robyn P. M. , van Akkooi Alexander C. J.
Published: May 2024

Background

Neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAST) for patients with stage III melanoma achieves high major pathologic response rates and high recurrence-free survival rates. This study aimed to determine how NAST with targeted therapies (TTs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) influences surgical outcomes after lymph node dissection in terms of complications, morbidity, and textbook outcomes.

Methods

Patients who underwent a lymph node dissection after either NAST in a clinical trial or upfront surgery for stage III melanoma between 2014 and 2022 were identified from an institutional research database.

Results

The study included 89 NAST-treated patients and 79 upfront surgery-treated patients. The rate of postoperative complications did not differ between the NAST- and upfront surgery-treated patients (55% vs. 51%; p = 0.643), and steroid treatment for drug toxicity did not influence the complication rate (odds ratio [OR], 1.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4–3; p = 0.826). No significant differences in postoperative morbidity were observed in terms of seroma (23% vs. 11%; p = 0.570) or lymphedema (36% vs. 51%; p = 0.550). The rate of achieving a textbook outcome was comparable for the two groups (61% vs. 57%; p = 0.641).

Conclusions

The surgical outcomes after lymph node dissections were comparable between the patients who received NAST and those who had upfront surgery, indicating that surgery can be safely performed after NAST with TT or ICI for stage III melanoma.
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Does Not Improve Survival in cT2N0M0 Gastric Adenocarcinoma Patients: A Multicenter Propensity Score Analysis
Authors: Abboretti Francesco , Lambert Céline , Schäfer Markus , Pereira Bruno , Le Roy Bertrand , Mège Diane , Piessen Guillaume , Gagnière Johan , Gronnier Caroline , Mantziari Styliani ,   the ADENOKGAST Study Group,   the AFC-French Association of Surgery
Published: May 2024

Background

According to current international guidelines, stage cT2N0M0 gastric adenocarcinoma warrants preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery. However, upfront surgery is often preferred in clinical practice, depending on patient clinical status and local treatment preferences.

Objective

The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of cT2N0M0 patients.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed among 32 centers, including gastric adenocarcinoma patients operated between January 2007 and December 2017. Patients with cT2N0M0 stage were divided into upfront surgery (S) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery (CS) groups. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to compensate for baseline differences between the groups.

Results

Among the 202 patients diagnosed with cT2N0M0 stage, 68 (33.7%) were in the CS group and 134 (66.3%) were in the S group. CS patients were younger (mean age 62.7 ± 12.8 vs. 69.8 ± 12.1 years for S patients; p < 0.001) and had a better health status (World Health Organization performance status = 0 in 60.3% of CS patients vs. 34.5% of S patients; p = 0.006). During follow-up, recurrence occurred in 27.2% and 19.6% of CS and S patients, respectively, after IPTW (p = 0.32). Five-year OS was similar between CS and S patients (78.9% vs. 68.3%; p = 0.42), as was 5-year DFS (70.4% vs. 68.5%; p = 0.96). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated with neither OS nor DFS in multivariable analysis after IPTW.

Conclusions

Patients with cT2N0M0 gastric adenocarcinoma did not present a survival or recurrence benefit if treated with perioperative chemotherapy followed by surgery as opposed to surgery alone.
Political Ecology Networks, Environmental Change, and Diderot and D'Alembert's: Encyclopédie
Authors: Bhattacharya Mrinmoyee
Published: May 2024

Abstract: This essay analyzes how Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d'Alembert's Encyclopédie (1751–72) maps the colonial economy and its imbrication in the infrastructure of knowledge. It explores the content of the early-modern plantation economy while showing how the referencing structure of the Encyclopédie enables a critical reading of that system. I also contend that the Encyclopédie demonstrates the historical intertwining of church and capitalism, including ecocritique of the colonial destruction of land. In addition, this article reexamines the roots of current discussions on racial capitalism in early modern texts and how eighteenth-century authors bring together nascent articulations of slavery and capitalism.
TRACE ELEMENTS AND BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF PULMONARIA MOLLIS AND PULMONARIA OBSCURA
Authors: Kruglov Dmitry Semenovich , Velichko Victoria Vladimirovna
Published: May 2024

The genus Pulmonaria plants are ephemeroids having characteristic distile reproduction system and so should be distinguished – generative shoot with flowers and vegetative rosette leaves as organs these plants. Phytomedicines made from them have different pharmacological action.
The aim this work was study of biologically active compounds and trace elements in both kinds of aboveground organs of the Pulmonaria obscura Dumort and Pulmonaria mollis Wulf. Ex.Horn.
The content of trace elements was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. It was determined the content of biogenic for plants trace elements, as well as elements necessary for the process of hematopoiesis in the human body – B, K, P, V, Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Si, Zn Cr , Ni, Se.
The study of the composition of phenolic compounds was carried out on a high performance liquid chromatograph. Polysaccharides, protein and tannins were determined gravimetrically. The presence of alkaloids was checked by reaction with group-wide precipitating reagents. Besides, content of flavonoids was determined spectrophotometrically.
It was established:
– generative shoots and rosette leaves form separate clusters according to microelements of the hematopoietic complex that correlating with their pharmocological activity;
– polysaccharide-protein complex containing up to 20% protein was found and this is impotant for phamacologocal action;
– marker compounds for generative shoots are caffeic acid, hyperoside and delphinidin, while rosette leaves are characterized by the presence of vicenin and luteolin-7-O-glycoside;
– alkaloids wasn`t find and this fact makes studied plants promising for use in scientific medicine.
Evidence for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Atypical Antipsychotics
Authors: Krejčí Veronika , Murínová Irena , Slanař Ondřej , Šíma Martin
Published: May 2024

Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs), also known as atypical antipsychotics, are a newer class of antipsychotic drugs used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and related psychiatric conditions. The plasma concentration of antipsychotic drugs is a valid measure of the drug at its primary target structure in the brain, and therefore determines the efficacy and safety of these drugs. However, despite the well-known high variability in pharmacokinetics of these substances, psychiatric medication is usually administered in uniform dosage schedules. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), as the specific method that can help personalised medicine in dose adjustment according to the characteristics of the individual patient, minimizing the risk of toxicity, monitoring adherence, and increasing cost-effectiveness in the treatment, thus seems to be an elegant tool to solve this problem. Non-response to therapeutic doses, uncertain adherence to medication, suboptimal tolerability, or pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions are typical indications for TDM of SGAs. This review aims to summarize an overview of the current knowledge and evidence of the possibilities to tailor the dosage of selected SGAs using TDM, including the necessary pharmacokinetic parameters for personalised pharmacotherapy.
Efeito do lodo de esgoto caleado e não caleado no pH de solos de diferentes texturas
Authors: Andreon Viçosi Karen , De Oliveira Garcia Giovanni
Published: May 2024

O lodo de esgoto é um resíduo que pode ser utilizado na agricultura devido à presença de matéria orgânica e nutrientes. Entretanto, deve ser estabilizado e higienizado, sendo a aplicação de cal virgem uma possibilidade de tratamento através da elevação do pH. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho é avaliar o pH em solos de diferentes texturas submetidos a doses de lodo de esgoto caleado e não caleado. O experimento foi composto por um fatorial triplo 2 x 3 x 6, no qual foi utilizado dois tratamentos (não caleado e caleado), três texturas de solo (arenosa, média e argilosa) e seis doses de lodo de esgoto (0, 5, 10, 20, 40 e 80 t ha-1), com três repetições. A dose necessária a dose de cal virgem para elevar o pH em 12 foi de 44 kg m-3 e 72 kg m-3, no período de 2 e 72 horas, respectivamente. O lodo de esgoto não caleado causou redução acentuada do pH do solo aos 21 dias, resultado do processo de decomposição e nitrificação, e a aplicação com de 80 t ha-1 reduz o pH em 4,8%, 9,9% e 9,6%, para a textura arenosa, média e argilosa. O lodo caleado apresentou alta reatividade no solo aos sete dias, com redução da reação de alcanilização ao longo do tempo. No geral, para solo arenoso, o valor de pH ficou em torno de 7,6, sendo que para os solos médio e argiloso o valor de pH ficou em 7,4, na dose 80 t ha-1.
Addition of calcium carbonate in the synthesis of flexible polyurethane foams
Authors: Rodrigues Gomes David , Repecka Alves Lucas , Miraveti Carriello Giovanni , Solowej Medeiros Lopes Henrique , Manassés Pegoraro Guilherme , De Jesus Barros Marcus Felippe , Pereira Camargo Fernanda , Corrêa Carlos Eduardo , Komatsu Daniel
Published: May 2024

Within all their variability, foams constitute the largest segment in the polyurethane industry. Polyurethane is composed mainly of isocyanate (-N=C=O) and polyol (-OH) functional groups, presenting different characteristics by adding fillers. This polymer has a wide range of applications such as adhesives, coatings, varnishes, elastomers and foams. Aiming improvements in its thermal properties, calcium carbonate addition was investigated in proportions of 12.5%, 25% and 37.5% (w/w). This filler is widely used to change the properties of polymers, as it is easily found in nature and has a low cost. For the synthesis of polyurethane samples, isocyanate and polyol were reacted using "one shot" process. The obtained results demonstrated the change in the glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the material to higher values, which indicates a decrease in the mobility of the polymer chains. Also, an increase in decomposition temperature was observed via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). With Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, it was possible to analyze that the material was successfully synthesized by the appearance of the characteristic bands of PU foams. Furthermore, with the addition of calcium carbonate, it was possible to identify the presence of two phases, which indicate that the material underwent changes in its crystallinity, identified through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Finally, it was possible to observe via optical microscopy (OM) analysis that the addition of filler significantly changed the morphology of the foams.
Treadmill walking economy is not affected by body fat and body mass index in adults
Authors: Tucker Wesley J. , Sawyer Brandon J. , Bhammar Dharini M. , Ware Emma W. , Angadi Siddhartha S. , Gaesser Glenn A.
Published: May 2024

To determine whether body fat and body mass index (BMI) affect the energy cost of walking (Cw; J/kg/m), ventilation, and gas exchange data from 205 adults (115 females; percent body fat range = 3.0%–52.8%; BMI range = 17.5–43.2 kg/m2) were obtained at rest and during treadmill walking at 1.34 m/s to calculate gross and net Cw. Linear regression was used to assess relationships between body composition indices, Cw, and standing metabolic rate (SMR). Unpaired t‐tests were used to assess differences between sex, and one‐way ANOVA was used to assess differences by BMI categories: normal weight, <25.0 kg/m2; overweight, 25.0–29.9 km/m2; and obese, ≥30 kg/m2. Net Cw was not related to body fat percent, fat mass, or BMI (all R2 ≤ 0.011). Furthermore, mean net Cw was similar by sex (male: 2.19 ± 0.30 J/kg/m; female: 2.24 ± 0.37 J/kg/m, p = 0.35) and across BMI categories (normal weight: 2.23 ± 0.36 J/kg/m; overweight: 2.18 ± 0.33 J/kg/m; obese: 2.26 ± 0.31, p = 0.54). Gross Cw and SMR were inversely associated with percent body fat, fat mass, and BMI (all R2 between 0.033 and 0.270; all p ≤ 0.008). In conclusion, Net Cw is not influenced by body fat percentage, total body fat, and BMI and does not differ by sex.
Self-abnegation, Decentering of Objective Relations, and Intuition of Nature: Toomas Altnurme’s and Cao Jun’s Art
Authors: Marren Marina
Published: May 2024

This article analyzes the artwork of two seemingly distant contemporary artists – Toomas Altnurme and Cao Jun – elucidating their creative processes through the theoretical frameworks of Martin Heidegger, Sigmund Freud, and Henri Bergson. In Section 1, I offer reasons for a side-by-side examination of Altnurme’s and Jun’s art. In my discussion of Altnurme’s art in Section 2, I argue that his process exemplifies Heidegger’s view that artists must abnegate themselves in order for their creations to come into being. In Section 3, I elucidate Jun’s painting in its power to decenter the usual, object-oriented, circumspection of the mind. I ground my analyses in Freud’s concept of dream logic. Freud’s work on dreams allows me to approach Jun’s creative process as a work of translation whereby the artist translates the preconscious elements into images that we – the audience – then see on canvas. In Section 4, where I offer a comparative examination of both artists, I rely on Bergson’s articulation of the importance of intuition in order to show that both Altnurme and Jun create artworks that disclose to us the non-objective dimension of life wherein action or process and possibility take precedence over objectively existing things.
Exploring chitin: novel pathways and structures as promising targets for biopesticides
Authors: Kaur Malkiet , Nagpal Manju , Dhingra Gitika Arora , Rathee Ankit
Published: May 2024

Chitin, the most prevalent polymer in nature, a significant structural polysaccharide that comes in second only to cellulose. Chitin is a crucial component of fungal cell walls and also present in many other creatures, such as viruses, plants, animals, insect exoskeletons, and crustacean shells. Chitin presents itself as a promising target for the development of biopesticides. It focuses on unraveling the unique structures and biochemical pathways associated with chitin, aiming to identify vulnerabilities that can be strategically leveraged for effective and environmentally sustainable pest control. It involves a comprehensive analysis of chitinase enzymes, chitin biosynthesis, and chitin-related processes across diverse organisms. By elucidating the molecular intricacies involved in chitin metabolism, this review seeks to unveil potential points of intervention that can disrupt essential biological processes in target pests without harming non-target species. This holistic approach to understanding chitin-related pathways aims to inform the design and optimization of biopesticides with enhanced specificity and reduced ecological impact. The outcomes of this study hold great promise for advancing innovative and eco-friendly pest management strategies. By targeting chitin structures and pathways, biopesticides developed based on these findings may offer a sustainable and selective alternative to conventional chemical pesticides, contributing to the ongoing efforts towards more environmentally conscious and effective pest control solutions.
Resilienz in globalen Produktionsnetzwerken
Authors: Wenig Christoph , Amann Antonia , Wölflick Marinus
Published: May 2024

Multiple crises in supply chains make resilience an important success factor for manufacturing companies. However, implementation is still hampered by ambiguities and interdependencies. This article uses a staged model to differentiate resilience from other change capabilities. From this, the relevance of networking in production networks and an orientation framework for strategic management are derived as to how resilience approaches can be sustainably integrated.
Generative KI in der Industrie
Authors: Fritz Jürgen
Published: May 2024

Generative AI has attracted a great deal of attention in recent months due to the rapid improvement in results and the low entry barrier through interaction with natural language. Therefore, it is even more important to understand the limits and, particularly, the opportunities of generative AI. This article provides a balanced overview and illustrates the target-oriented implementation of generative AI in industry.
Zukunftslabor Produktion
Authors: Kallisch Jonas , Denkena Berend , Kramer Kathrin , Stürenburg Lukas , Pachandrin Slava , Rokicki Markus , Walter Jörg , Nein Marcus , Voss Marvin , Wunck Christoph , Niemann Karl-Heinz , Schmidt Matthias , Dilger Klaus , Niederée Claudia , Hoffmann Norbert
Published: May 2024

The Future Lab Production demonstrates the potentials of digitalisation by using the die casting process as an example process. The project shows how manufacturing companies can digitalise their existing machines, analyse their data and exchange information along the supply chain while maintaining data sovereignty. The aim is to support companies with digitalisation from the machine to data platforms. The article describes the methods used, the concepts developed and their benefits.
Simulationsbasierte Entscheidungsunterstützung mittels betriebswirtschaftlicher Bewertung
Authors: Richter Michael , Wenzel Sigrid
Published: May 2024

Operational personnel deployment and order sequence planning are important tasks of production management in order to identify and utilize existing potential in day-to-day business. This paper provides a methodology to support production management via the joint application of discrete-event simulation and production control. The evaluation of action alternatives is done by comparing the calculated contribution margin.
A Sustainable Future for all Towards Reduction of Gender-Based-Violence and Femicide in Communities of Learning: A Strategic Perspective
Authors: Mofokeng Jacob T. , Mofokeng Lerato , Simelane Nozipho Nkosikhona
Published: May 2024

Given the reality of the prevalence of all forms of violence such as but not limited to physical, sexual assault, domestic violence (DV), verbal abuse, harassment, stalking, child marriage, economic deprivation, survival sex in a form of exploitation in exchange for access to subsistence resources and forced prostitution, psychological violence or gender-based violence and femicide (GBVF). Being a victim of violence in communities of learning has lifelong impacts on education, health, and well-being of victims. Exposure to violence can lead to educational under achievement due to cognitive, emotional, and social problems. It is argued that GBV is the most extreme expression of unequal gender relations in society and one of the most widespread violations of human rights. While GBV disproportionally affects women and girls, it also affects men and boys. These abuses take place all over the world in homes, places of worship, schools, workplaces, and communities. This paper provides an overview of factors leading to GBVF, impact and effects on the victim as well as methods to eliminate its occurrence were revealed by the analysis. Becoming aware of factors contributing to GBVF and strategies to address this scourge can minimise the occurrence of GBVF in learning communities. Understanding the concepts and strategies to prevent the occurrence of GBV can assist learning communities to minimise these incidences.
Emerging Technological Threats to Cybersecurity
Authors: Patel Hardhik. R , Rengarajan A.
Published: May 2024

The relentless evolution of technology has brought forth a myriad of emerging threats to cybersecurity, necessitating a proactive stance in understanding, addressing, and mitigating these risks. This comprehensive survey paper delves into the intricate landscape of emerging technological threats, encompassing AI-powered cyber threats, vulnerabilities inherent in IoT ecosystems, risks associated with cloud computing, and the expanding realm of cryptocurrency-based cybercrimes. By exploring the origins, manifestations, and implications of these threats, this paper underscores the imperative for multifaceted mitigation strategies and best practices. From securing software development practices to fostering a culture of security within organizations, from enhancing AI robustness to fortifying cloud security measures, a holistic approach is advocated. Furthermore, the paper delineates future trends and research directions, emphasizing the ongoing need for innovation and collaboration to stay ahead of evolving cyber threats. In sum, this survey paper serves as a beacon for navigating the complex terrain of emerging technological threats to cybersecurity, empowering stakeholders to safeguard digital ecosystems and fortify resilience in the face of adversity.
Internet of Things (IoT) in Healthcare
Authors: Kumar Aman , R Kamalraj
Published: May 2024

In this modern era, we have seen increased number of Heart disease Asthma, Diabetes and Mental health patients. So, in these conditions, IOT play a crucial role in this type of disease. Through the integration of sensors, software, and actuators for tracking and monitoring purposes into patients and their medications, smart healthcare plays a vital part in healthcare applications. Through the use of sensors, clinical care uses the Internet of Things to monitor patients' physiological status. Data is collected, evaluated, and sent remotely to processing centers so that appropriate actions can be taken. People's lifestyles are being significantly impacted by IOT devices. This growth is mostly being driven by interest in health and wellbeing. This approach has the potential to expedite the transformation of hospitals into smart ones and help physicians identify and recommend appropriate wearable IOT devices. This is not only for patients, it also useful for normal people to check own health status by using wearable IOT devices. The design and development of dependable and reasonably priced wireless sensing device based on the Node MCU microcontroller for the real-time collection of health vital signs including heart rate and body temperature. their engagement in healthcare benefit conveyance.
From Perception to Prediction: Leveraging Explainable AI in Self-Driving Cars for Enhanced Passenger Trust
Authors: Purushotham Jamuna , V Srikanth
Published: May 2024

Self-driving cars hold immense potential for revolutionizing transportation. However, public acceptance hinges on trust in the car's ability to navigate safely and make critical decisions. This trust deficit stems from the "black box" nature of traditional machine learning models used in self-driving cars. Passengers are left in the dark about the car's perception of the environment and the reasoning behind its actions. This research proposes leveraging Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques to enhance passenger trust in self-driving cars. By incorporating explainability into the perception and prediction modules of the car's decision- making system, we aim to provide passengers with real-time insights into how the car perceives its surroundings and translates those perceptions into driving decisions. This paper explores various XAI methods suitable for self-driving car applications. We discuss the integration of these techniques into the perception and prediction pipelines, enabling the car to explain its reasoning behind lane changes, obstacle avoidance maneuvers, and other critical actions. We evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach through user studies, assessing how explainability can improve passenger trust and comfort in self-driving vehicles. The ultimate goal of this research is to foster greater transparency and trust in self-driving car technology, paving the way for wider public adoption and a future of safe and reliable autonomous transportation.
Comprehensive Review of Smart Cities using IOT in Coud
Authors: Mahobia Siddharth , Pawar Rahul
Published: May 2024

The rapid growth of urbanization necessitates smarter and more sustainable city management. The convergence of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and cloud computing offers a transformative solution for building Smart Cities. This review explores the integration of IoT and cloud technologies in creating intelligent urban infrastructure. It examines how data collected from a network of sensors and devices across the city can be leveraged to improve various aspects of urban life, including traffic management, energy efficiency, public safety, waste management, and parking. The paper discusses the key benefits of cloud computing for Smart City IoT applications, such as scalability, centralized data management, cost-effectiveness, security, and advanced analytics capabilities. Additionally, it explores the challenges associated with implementing Smart City IoT solutions, such as data privacy concerns, cybersecurity risks, and the need for interoperability between different devices and platforms. Finally, the review concludes by highlighting the potential of Smart City IoT powered by cloud computing to create a more efficient, sustainable, and livable future for our cities.
Harnessing Automation and IIoT in Air Traffic Control for Advanced Efficiency and Safety
Authors: Viswanathan Anamika Pramod , R Kamalraj
Published: May 2024

The combination of automation and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) technology has transformed air traffic control (ATC), improving efficiency and safety in aviation. This article investigates the varied influence of automation and IIoT on ATC operations, emphasizing their importance in maximizing airspace use, boosting situational awareness, and limiting operational hazards. The advent of automatic flight data processing, radar surveillance, and automated decision-support technologies has reduced controller workload and increased operational efficiency in ATC. IIoT sensors and devices enable ATC systems to integrate real-time data on aircraft positions, weather, and runway status, allowing controllers to make more informed decisions and manage air traffic flow. Finally, automation and IIoT have evolved into critical tools for upgrading air traffic control, assisting controllers in managing airspace congestion, optimizing operational performance and safely and quick, efficient traffic movement. This study examines how automation and IIoT alter ATC operations, resulting in a more efficient, robust, and sustainable aviation environment. Keywords— Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), Air Traffic Control (ATC), Automation, Operational Hazards, Radar surveillance, IoT sensors, Aviation environment.
Тест статьи
Authors: Петров Иван
Published: May 2024

Тест статьи аннотация
Virulence factors of Streptococcus agalactiae relating to neonatal sepsis
Authors: M Wedeman , A Toluie , AH Benton
Published: May 2024

Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) infection is the leading cause of disease in neonates. Infection in the neonate can occur via vertical transmission or ascension through the vaginal tract. After ascension, infection of the amniotic fluid occurs via several virulence factors which allow for invasion of the placental membrane and chorioamniotic membranes. Neonatal infection is categorized into either early-onset sepsis or late-onset sepsis, with both being able to result in severe illness or even death. Prevention of GBS infection in the mother and neonate to this point includes neonatal screening at 35-37 weeks and treatment in GBS positive patients with IV penicillin. In those with allergies, cefazolin or clindamycin may be substituted. Documented increases in antibiotic resistance have led to the need for further research surrounding virulence factors. This outline summarizes several virulence factors including the hemolytic pigment, hyaluronidase, pili, adhesins, and the sialic rich capsular polysaccharide, that have been identified as key to colonization and infection of the neonate. Understanding of the virulence factors and incorporating prior deletion studies allows for advancements in treatment and prevention to be made. Novel theories will open the door for further research towards implementation of a vaccine as a means for preventing colonization.
Renal hydatid cyst - An exceptional presentation
Authors: M Hivre , P Thakre , RK Pandey , A Rokade , A Singh , S Tripathy
Published: May 2024

The infectious parasitic illness echinococcosis, also known as hydatidosis, mostly arises from the larval forms of the tapeworm species Echinococcus granulosus. The prevalence of renal involvement in total hydatid disease is documented to be approximately 2-3%, a notably lower rate in comparison to the involvement observed in the liver and lungs. As a result of the lack of observable symptoms, the cyst remains asymptomatic and exhibits a slow progression over a period of time. The computed tomography (CT) scan is often regarded as a highly accurate diagnostic procedure owing to its capacity to precisely ascertain the size and location of the lesion, as well as its correlation and influence on surrounding tissue. The most effective therapeutic strategy entails implementing surgical procedures to extract a hydatid cyst involving the renal system.
Pattern of central nervous system related adverse drug reactions (ADRs) due to anti-retroviral therapy in HIV infected patients in tertiary care hospitals in North India
Authors: R Singh , M Prashant , P Agarwal , BP Priyadarshi
Published: May 2024

Background: Anti-retroviral therapy is associated with myriads of side-effects. Central nervous system related side effects are troublesome and mostly self limiting. Working knowledge of these side effects can improve the prescription habits of physicians. The study aimed pattern of central system related adverse drug reactions (ADRs) due to anti-retroviral therapy in HIV infected patients in tertiary care hospitals in North India. Materials and methods: A prospective observational study was conducted and all HIV positive patients, previously registered and new; attending OPD who encountered ADRs were enrolled in our study irrespective of their age and sex. Data was collected using ADR reporting form issued by Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission. Causality assessment was done by using Naranjo’s Probability Scale. Modified Hartwig severity scale was used to evaluate severity, WHO criteria for seriousness and guidelines of council for international organizations of medical sciences to decide the predictability of ADRs. Results: A total of 250 patients encountered various types of ADRs during the study period. Total number of ADRs recorded was 452. Out of total ADRs (n=452) recorded, 20.35% (n=92) were central system related ADRs. Most common central nervous system related ADR was dizziness. Most central nervous system related ADRs were of moderate type and possible in nature on causality assessment. Conclusion: Relatively overweight, older age and baseline CD4 absolute count below 250 cells/mm3, were predictors for central nervous system related side effects due to anti-retroviral therapy in HIV patients. We suggest that more stringent evaluation and monitoring should be carefully done in all HIV/AIDS patients who will receive and on efavirenz based anti-retroviral therapy, especially if they have the above predictors.
A study on histomorphological spectrum of esophageo-gastrointestinal malignancies
Authors: N Chaitra , LR Karthik , L Suhas
Published: May 2024

Gastrointestinal tract malignancies are one among the most common type of malignancies which are affecting the people worldwide. In India, esophageal cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related deaths. Stomach cancer is the second most common cancer among men. Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer in males, third most common cause of cancer in females. Gastrointestinal tract is a fertile soil for various neoplasms, with varied morphology and prognosis. Thus, this study aimed to study the morphological spectrum of gastrointestinal malignancies by histopathological examination. This is a prospective study done in Department of Pathology during the period of 18 months, where the routine grossing and processing was done and hematoxylin and eosin stained slides were assessed and reported based on WHO classification 2019. In the present study, more number of cases were in the age group 61-70 years and majority of the cases were males, that is 24 out of 40 cases. The major site of carcinoma was left colon and stomach. Majority of the cases of esophageal carcinoma were diagnosed as Squamous cell carcinoma. Majority of the cases of stomach and intestine were diagnosed to be Adenocarcinoma. Grading and staging was done which shows that majority of the cases were moderately differentiated and belonged to Stage II. The present study highlights the crucial role of histopathological examination in diagnosing the esophageo-gastrointestinal carcinomas.
Impact of COVID-19 vaccination drive against COVID-19 illness and deaths in a tertiary care centre
Authors: AC Prajapati , MM Patel , RP Shukla , VR Dave , H Chhanwal , A Patel , P Gandhi
Published: May 2024

Introduction: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, worldwide efforts to develop vaccines to give protection against COVID-19. Despite the record speed at which have been developed, COVID-19 vaccines have still been subject to the same checks, balances, and scientific and regulatory rigour as any other vaccine, and shown to be safe. The study aimed to establish the relationship of vaccination on length of stay. Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out among all 1123 COVID-19 patients admitted or discharged during March 2021 to June 2021 at tertiary care centre. Hospital records of all COVID-19 patients admitted during study duration were assessed for the required information and also telephonic interview taken if needed. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the distribution of factors among the patients. Results: Of total 1123 inpatients, 21.7% had received a single dose of COVID-19 vaccine while 74.9% had not received any form of COVID-19 vaccination. Mean length of stay in hospital was similar (7.6 days). Among all, 81.3% were nonvaccinated. The mean length of stay in ICU for the two doses received vaccinated was 4.2 ± 3.0 days while unvaccinated patients was 5.1 ± 2.6 days. Mortality rate was 3.6% patients in the two doses vaccinated group and 74.4% in the non-vaccinated group found. Conclusion: Among vaccinated patients there was a 75% relative risk reduction in ICU admission. There was no difference observed in duration of stay among vaccinated or unvaccinated patients, deaths among comorbid patients.
Comparative study between bi-columnar plating as opposed to double tension band osteosynthesis in inter-condylar distal humerus fractures in adults
Authors: A Arya , G Upadhyay , J Chaudhary , CV Katyarmol , S Munde
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Distal humerus fractures with inter-condylar extension are unusual in Orthopaedic practice. The treatment for the same has been defined inside the literature and consists of parallel and orthogonal fixation with the aid of using plates. The study aimed to observe the effectiveness of “double tension band wiring” method for the remedy of distal humerus fractures with inter-condylar extension and compare the effects with studies related to its treatment with locking plates. Materials and methods: 50 patients, all presenting with closed fractures of the distal humerus, out of them 20 have been dealt with double tension band wiring procedure and 30 were treated with locked plates fixation method. Results: Out of 50 cases treated with these 2 methods of internal fixation, rigid fixation and union was achieved in each and every patient. The mean duration of use of tourniquet during surgery was 65 minutes with minimum of 54 minutes and maximum of 110 minutes. Complete radiological union of the fracture was seen at a mean duration of 11 weeks after the surgery (9-15 weeks). Average range of motion was 103 degrees with maximum range of motion of 110 degrees (20-130 degrees) and minimum of 65 degrees (25-90 degrees). Good results were obtained in both the groups in our study. Conclusion: Both the approaches of treatment gave good results. Union became accomplished in almost all instances. However, implant related difficulty become more with locked plates. Double tension band is a reliable, easier, inexpensive and safe technique of fixation of inter-condylar fractures of distal humerus in adults.
MATERIAL BIOKERAMIK BERBASIS HIDROKSIAPATIT TULANG IKAN TUNA
Authors: Riyanto Bambang - , Maddu Akhiruddin - , Nurrahman - -
Published: May 2024

Material biokeramik berbasis hidroksiapatit memiliki prospek baru dalam industri elektronika danmikroteknologi masa depan. Hidroksiapatit dengan sumber bahan baku alami merupakan potensi besar,terlebih pemanfaatan limbah tulang ikan tuna yang masih belum dilakukan dengan baik. Teknologi sintesisyang ada juga belum efektif serta karakterisasi materialnya belum banyak dikembangkan. Penelitianini bertujuan mensintesis dan mengetahui karakteristik material biokeramik berbasis hidroksiapatittulang ikan tuna. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengekstraksian hidroksiapatit tulang ikan tuna adalahdengan pemanasan suhu tinggi (sintering). Melalui suhu sintering 700ºC telah dapat dihasilkan materialbiokeramik berbasis hidroksiapatit dari tulang ikan tuna dengan rendemen tertinggi (65,61±2,21)% danberwarna putih. Semakin tinggi suhu sintering, semakin tinggi derajat kristalinitasnya, sedangkan denganSEM memperlihatkan partikel penyusunnya berukuran 0,050 μm sampai 0,803 μm dan menyerupaibentuk kristal heksagonal. Nilai kapasitansi mengalami penurunan dengan bertambahnya frekuensi yangdiberikan, dengan nilai tertinggi 0,0061 nF, sedangkan nilai konduktivitas mengalami kenaikan seiringdengan bertambahnya frekuensi dengan nilai terendah 7,73 x 10-5 S/m.Kata kunci: biokeramik, hidroksiapatit, sintering, tulang ikan tuna
Peningkatan Kualitas Gel Sosis Ikan Lele dengan Penambahan Tepung Gracillaria gigas
Authors: Yakhin Lisa amanda , Wijaya Kristalia Mulya , Santoso Joko -
Published: May 2024

Ikan lele (Clarias gariepinus) memiliki kandungan lemak dan protein sarkoplasmik yang tinggi, berakibatpada rendahnya kemampuan pembentukan gel ikan lele. Perlakuan pencucian bertujuan meningkatkankualitas gel ikan lele. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pencucian satu tahap memberikan kekuatangel 1.560,23 g.cm; daya ikat air 81,30%; dan derajat keputihan 59,00%. Surimi ikan lele kemudian dibuatmenjadi sosis ikan dengan tepung tapioka sebagai bahan pengisi dan tepung rumput laut G. gigas sebagaigelling agent. G. gigas dapat meningkatkan kualitas gel sosis ikan karena kandungan hidrokoloid agaryang dikandungnya. Tepung G. gigas meningkatkan kekuatan gel (1.831,32 g.cm), daya ikat air (88,19%)dari sosis ikan lele tanpa memberi perubahan terhadap kualitas sensori (aroma, flavor, bau asing, warna)sosis ikan. Sosis ikan lele yang diberi penambahan tepung G. gigas (0,50%) memiliki kualitas gel (kekuatangel, hasil uji lipat, dan uji gigit), daya ikat air, dan kualitas sensori sebanding dengan sosis ikan komersialIndonesia. Sosis ikan lele dengan tepung rumput laut juga memiliki kandungan serat pangan yang lebihtinggi dibandingkan dengan sosis ikan komersial.Kata kunci: Gracilaria gigas, ikan lele, sosis ikan, tepung rumput laut
ANALISIS KEKUATAN GEL (GEL STRENGTH) PRODUK PERMEN JELLY DARI GELATIN KULIT IKAN CUCUT DENGAN PENAMBAHAN KARAGINAN DAN RUMPUT LAUT
Authors: Suptijah Pipih - , Suseno Sugeng Heri , Anwar Cholil -
Published: May 2024

AbstrakPermen jelly merupakan permen bertekstur kenyal dengan penambahan komponen hidrokoloid,misalnya agar, gum, pektin, pati, karaginan, gelatin, dan lain-lain yang digunakan untuk modifi kasitekstur sehingga menghasilkan produk yang kenyal. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kekuatan gel (gelstrength) dan formulasi terbaik dari permen jelly yang berasal dari gelatin kulit ikan cucut dan karaginan.Metode analisis yang digunakan, meliputi analisis proksimat, pH, rendemen, viskositas, analisis sensori,dan kekuatan gel. Konsentrasi asam asetat terbaik dalam pembuatan gelatin adalah 0,1 N dan formulasipermen jelly terbaik terdapat pada permen jelly yang dibuat dari gelatin 1,75% dan karaginan 3,50% denganmenghasilkan kekuatan gel 169,35 N/cm2.Kata kunci: gelatin, ikan cucut, kekuatan gel (gel strength), permen jelly
PRODUKSI DAN APLIKASI PEPTON IKAN SELAR UNTUK MEDIA PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI
Authors: Saputra Dede - , Nurhayati Tati -
Published: May 2024

Pepton adalah hidrolisat protein yang larut dalam air dan tidak menggumpal jika dipanaskan. Tujuan daristudi ini adalah untuk: 1) mengevaluasi potensi ikan selar sebagai bahan baku pepton ikan, 2) mengoptimasipenggunaan enzim terpilih, 3) mengarakterisasi pepton ikan selar, 4) membandingkan mutu pepton ikanselar dengan pepton komersial sebagai media pertumbuhan bakteri. Proses hidrolisis ikan selar fase postrigor dengan penambahan enzim papain 0,26% (b/v) selama 6 jam. Analisis proksimat pepton ikan selar,menunjukkan kadar protein yang tinggi (74,17% basis basah) dan mengandung beberapa jenis asam aminoessensial, yaitu histidina, isoleusina, leusina, lisina, metionina, fenilalanina, treonina, valina, tirosina, danarginina. Uji karakteristik pepton ikan menunjukkan bahwa kelarutan pepton ikan post rigor yaitu 96,74%,dengan total nitrogen 11,86%, α-amino nitrogen 1,07 g/100 g, α-amino nitrogen per total nitrogen 9,02; dankadar garam 0,41%. Nilai optical density bakteri ditumbuhkan pada media yang menggunakan pepton ikanlebih tinggi dibandingkan pertumbuhan bakteri pada media yang menggunakan pepton komersial.Kata kunci: asam amino, enzim, hidrolisis, pepton, post rigor
KITOSAN CANGKANG UDANG WINDU SEBAGAI PENGAWET FILLET IKAN GABUS (Channa striata)
Authors: Wahyuni Sri - , Khaeruni Andi - , Hartini - -
Published: May 2024

Kitosan berpeluang besar digunakan sebagai bahan pengawet alami pada produk perikanan karenamemiliki aktivitas antimikrob. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik kitosan asalkulit udang windu dan pengaruhnya terhadap aktivitas mikrob pembusuk, nilai gizi, organoleptik danmasa simpan fi llet ikan gabus segar. Kitosan diisolasi dari kulit udang windu dan dikarakterisasi, laludigunakan sebagai bahan pengawet pada fi llet daging ikan gabus segar dengan konsentrasi 0; 1; 1,5; dan2%. Penyimpanan dilakukan pada suhu ruang selama 10, 15, 20, dan 25 jam. Perlakuan larutan kitosan1,5% mampu memperpanjang masa simpan fi llet daging ikan gabus karena mampu mengurangi kadarair dan laju pertumbuhan bakteri pembusuk, mempertahankan kadar protein terhadap daging fi llet ikangabus hingga penyimpanan 20 jam.Kata kunci: antimikrob, bahan pengawet, ikan gabus (Channa striata), kitosan
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN KOMPONEN BIOAKTIF KERANG SIMPING (Amusium pleuronectes)
Authors: Suptijah Pipih - , Nurjanah - - , Yanuarizki Ovintya -
Published: May 2024

Kerang simping diduga memiliki komponen bioaktif sebagai antioksidan baru. Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk menentukan aktivitas antioksidan dan komponen bioaktif kerang simping. Metode analisis yangdigunakan meliputi analisis aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH dan analisis komponen bioaktif. Kerangsimping memiliki rendemen cangkang 41,15%; daging 35,89%; jeroan 23,04%. Aktivitas antioksidan (IC50) tertinggipada ekstrak kasar daging kerang simping yang diekstraksi dengan metanol sebesar 1.648,45 ppm. Ekstrak kasardaging dan jeroan dengan pelarut metanol mengandung steroid, fl avonoid, saponin, gula pereduksi, danasam amino. Ekstrak kasar daging dan jeroan dengan pelarut etil asetat mengandung fl avonoid dan gulapereduksi. Ekstrak daging pada pelarut n-heksana mengandung fl avonoid, saponin, dan asam amino.Jeroan pada pelarut n-heksana mengandung komponen gula pereduksi.Kata kunci: α-tokoferol, aktivitas antioksidan, kerang simping (Amusium pleuronectes), komponen bioaktifPENDAHULUANKemajuan zaman dewasa ini telah membuatsebagian besar masyarakat mengalamiperubahan pola hidup termasuk diantaranyapola makan. Masyarakat cenderung memilihhal-hal yang bersifat cepat dan instan. Polamakan yang tidak tepat dapat menyebabkanterjadinya akumulasi radikal bebas jangkapanjang yang dapat mempengaruhi kesehatantubuh yaitu munculnya beragam penyakit.Radikal bebas merupakan salah satu bentuk
Índice de volumen 45
Authors: Revista Canadiense de Estudios Hispánicos
Published: May 2024

Índice de volumen 45
Uso de Google Earth Engine para la estimación y variación de la cobertura vegetal del bosque amazónico generada por la actividad antropica en Huepetuhe periodo 2016 al 2022
Authors: Estrada Zuñiga Andrés Corsino , La Torre Auccasi Frank Alexander , Mendoza Pacheco Gledys Josseline , Ttito Nina James William , OllachicaValverde Meidi , Palomino Villa Tula
Published: May 2024

The estimation and variation of the vegetation cover of the Amazon forest generated by anthropic activity in Huepetuhe had the purpose of estimating the loss of vegetation and the deforestation rates for an Amazon forest, the study was carried out using Landsat 8 satellite images, the treatment of the raster images was made using the ERDAS software, the images were subjected to geometric and radiometric corrections, for this purpose control points were taken on the ground, for the analysis four categories of forest degradation were established: Forest with null vegetation with presence of bare soil, forest with sparse vegetation, forest with moderate vegetation and total area of deterioration. The results from the analysis of the multispectral images and the NDVI show that compared to 2016, 30.1 ha increased in the forest category with no vegetation, 28.8 ha in forests with sparse vegetation, 236.9 ha for forests with moderate vegetation and the area of global deterioration increased by 295.8 ha. The annual deforestation rate was 5% (6.02 ha/year) for forests with no vegetation and presence of bare soil and 9% (59.16 ha/year) for global degradation, the coefficient of determination for forests with no vegetation and area naked was R2=0.9704, and for global deterioration of the forest R2=0.957.