bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Control and Rumination in Youth: The Importance of Emotion
Authors: Hilt Lori M. , Leitzke Brian T. , Pollak Seth D.
Published: November 2014

Rumination involves the tendency to passively dwell on negative emotions along with their meanings and consequences. Susan Nolen–Hoeksema demonstrated the role of rumination in the development of several forms of psychopathology and suggested that cognitive control may be one factor that makes some individuals more prone to ruminate than others. Studies with adults have consistently found that rumination is associated with cognitive control difficulties, especially related to switching and inhibiting emotional information. Because rumination predicts psychopathology by adolescence, the present study examined whether ruminating youth would show similar cognitive control difficulties. Fifty–two adolescents completed two tasks from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery and reported on their depressive symptoms and tendency to ruminate. There was no effect of rumination on a task measuring general cognitive flexibility. However, rumination was associated with difficulty inhibiting negative information when switching from negative to positive blocks on an Affective Go/No–go task. Results suggest both similarities and differences compared to adult studies and are discussed in terms of clinical implications for the prevention and treatment of psychopathology.
Retrieval of the photochemical reflectance index for assessing xanthophyll cycle activity: a comparison of near-surface optical sensors
Authors: Harris A. , Gamon J. A. , Pastorello G. Z. , Wong C. Y. S.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Unattended optical sensors are increasingly being deployed on eddy covariance flux towers and are often used to complement existing vegetation and micrometeorological measurements to enable assessment of biophysical states and biogeochemical processes over a range of spatial scales. Of particular interest are sensors that can measure the photochemical reflectance index (PRI), which can provide information pertaining to leaf pigments and photosynthetic activity. This interest has facilitated the production of a new range of lower-cost multispectral sensors specifically designed to measure temporal changes in the PRI signal. However, little is known about the characteristics (spectral, radiometric and temporal) of many of these PRI sensors, making it difficult to compare data obtained from these sensors across time, geographical locations and instruments. Furthermore, direct testing of the capability of these sensors to actually detect the conversion of the xanthophyll cycle, which is the original biological basis of the PRI diurnal signal, is largely absent, often resulting in an unclear interpretation of the signal, particularly given the wide range of factors now known to influence PRI. Through a series of experiments, we assess the sensitivity of one of the leading brands of PRI sensor (Skye SKR 1800) to changes in vegetation photosynthetic activity in response to changing irradiance. We compare the results with those obtained using a more expensive industry-standard visible to near-infrared hyperspectral spectrometer (PP Systems UniSpec) and determine the radiometric compatibility of measurements made by the different instruments. Results suggest that the SKR 1800 instrument is able to track rapid (seconds to minutes) and more gradual diurnal changes in photosynthetic activity associated with xanthophyll cycle pigment conversion. Measurements obtained from both the high and lower cost instrument were significantly linearly correlated but were subject to a large systematic bias, illustrating that differences in instrument configuration (e.g. spectral response functions and band positions) can have a large impact on the PRI measurement values obtained. Despite differences in absolute PRI values, significant correlations were observed between the canopy PRI derived from both the SKR 1800 and the UniSpec instruments, and the epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle (r2 = 0.46 p < 0.05 and r2 = 0.76 p < 0.01, respectively). However, the dynamic range of the SKR 1800 PRI signal was often lower than more expensive instruments and thus the lower cost multispectral instrument may be less sensitive to pigment dynamics related to photosynthetic activity. Based on our findings, we make a series of recommendations for the effective use of such sensors under field conditions and advocate that sensors should be fully characterized prior to their field deployment.
The global monsoon across timescales: coherent variability of regional monsoons
Authors: Wang P. X. , Wang B. , Cheng H. , Fasullo J. , Guo Z. T. , Kiefer T. , Liu Z. Y.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Monsoon has earned increasing attention from the climate community since the last century, yet only recently have regional monsoons been recognized as a global system. It remains a debated issue, however, as to what extent and at which timescales the global monsoon can be viewed as a major mode of climate variability. For this purpose, a PAGES (Past Global Changes) working group (WG) was set up to investigate the concept of the global monsoon and its future research directions. The WG's synthesis is presented here. On the basis of observation and proxy data, the WG found that the regional monsoons can vary coherently, although not perfectly, at various timescales, varying between interannual, interdecadal, centennial, millennial, orbital and tectonic timescales, conforming to the global monsoon concept across timescales. Within the global monsoon system, each subsystem has its own features, depending on its geographic and topographic conditions. Discrimination between global and regional components in the monsoon system is a key to revealing the driving factors in monsoon variations; hence, the global monsoon concept helps to enhance our understanding and to improve future projections of the regional monsoons. This paper starts with a historical review of the global monsoon concept in both modern and paleo-climatology, and an assessment of monsoon proxies used in regional and global scales. The main body of the paper is devoted to a summary of observation data at various timescales, providing evidence of the coherent global monsoon system. The paper concludes with a projection of future monsoon shifts in a warming world. The synthesis will be followed by a companion paper addressing driving mechanisms and outstanding issues in global monsoon studies.
A tropical speleothem record of glacial inception, the South American summer monsoon from 125 to 115 ka
Authors: Burns S. J. , Kanner L. C. , Cheng H. , Edwards R. L.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Relatively few marine or terrestrial paleoclimate studies have focused on glacial inception, the transition from an interglacial to a glacial climate state. As a result, the timing and structure of glacial inception is not well known, nor is the spatial pattern of glacial inception in different parts of the world. Here we present results of a study of a speleothem from the Peruvian Andes that records changes in the intensity of South American Summer Monsoon (SASM) rainfall over the period from 125 to 115 ka. The results show that late in the last interglacial period, at 123 ka, SASM rainfall decreased, perhaps in response to a decrease in Northern Hemisphere ice cover. Then at 120.8 ka a rapid increase in SASM rainfall marks the end of the last interglacial. After a more gradual increase between 120 and 117 ka, a second abrupt increase occurs at 117 ka. This pattern of change is mirrored to a remarkable degree by changes in the East Asian Monsoon. It is interpreted to reflect both the a long term gradual response of the monsoons the orbitally-driven insolation changes and to rapid changes in Northern Hemisphere ice volume and temperature. Both monsoon systems are close to their full glacial conditions by 117 ka, before any significant decrease in atmospheric CO2.
Comparison of Surgical Variables and Pain in Cats Undergoing Ovariohysterectomy, Laparoscopic-Assisted Ovariohysterectomy, and Laparoscopic Ovariectomy
Authors: Case J. Brad , Boscan Pedro L. , Monnet Eric L. , Niyom Sirirat R. , Imhoff Darren J. , Wallace Mandy L. , Smeak Dan D.
Published: November 2014

Laparoscopy is an established modality in veterinary medicine. To date, laparoscopy in feline surgery is rarely reported. The objectives of this study were to compare surgical time, complications, and postoperative pain in a group of cats undergoing laparoscopic ovariectomy (LOVE), laparoscopic-assisted ovariohysterectomy (LAOVH), and ovariohysterectomy via celiotomy (COVH). Eighteen healthy cats were randomly assigned to undergo LOVE, LAOVH, or COVH. Severity of pain was monitored 1, 2, 3, and 4 hr after surgery. Surgical time was significantly longer for LAOVH (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 51.6 ± 7.7 min) compared to COVH (mean ± SD, 21.0 ± 7.1 min) and LOVE (mean ± SD, 34.2 ± 11.2 min). There were no major intraoperative complications, although minor complications were more common in both laparoscopic groups. Cats sterilized via laparoscopy (LOVE and LAOVH) were statistically less painful than cats spayed via celiotomy (COVH) 4 hr following surgery. Results suggested that LOVE in cats is safe, can be performed in a comparable amount of time as COVH, and may result in less postoperative discomfort.
Canine Pemphigus Foliaceus with Concurrent Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Kawarai Shinpei , Hisasue Masaharu , Matsuura Shinobu , Ito Tetsuro , Inoue Yukari , Neo Sakurako , Fujii Yoko , Madarame Hiroo , Shirota Kinji , Tsuchiya Ryo
Published: November 2014

A 3 yr old wirehaired fox terrier was presented to his primary care veterinarian with fever, thrombocytopenia, and generalized crusting dermatitis. The skin lesion had progressed for at least 18 days, and thrombocytopenia had developed 3 days before presentation. Histopathology and direct immunofluorescence studies of the skin were consistent with pemphigus foliaceus (PF). Immunofluorescence revealed immunoglobulin G deposition around the keratinocytes in the stratum spinosum. A diagnosis of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (IMT) was confirmed by the presence of platelet surface-associated immunoglobulin using flow cytometry. Systemic immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporine and azathioprine was effective, and the dog survived for >2 years from the initial presentation. IMT is rarely associated with PF. This appears to be the first detailed report of a definitive diagnosis of concurrent PF and IMT in a dog. The authors' findings indicate that canine PF could be complicated by hematologic immune-mediated diseases such as IMT.
Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy for Shoulder Lameness in Dogs
Authors: Becker Willem , Kowaleski Michael P. , McCarthy Robert J. , Blake Cara A.
Published: November 2014

The purpose of this article was to describe the outcome of dogs with instability, calcifying, and inflammatory conditions of the shoulder treated with extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT). Medical records for 15 dogs with lameness attributable to the shoulder that failed previous conservative management were retrospectively reviewed. ESWT was delivered to those dogs q 3–4 wk for a total of three treatments. Short-term, in-hospital subjective lameness evaluation revealed resolution of lameness in three of nine dogs and improved lameness in six of nine dogs available for evaluation 3–4 wk following the final treatment. Long-term lameness score via telephone interview was either improved or normal in 7 of 11 dogs (64%). ESWT may result in improved function based on subjective patient evaluation and did not have any negative side effects in dogs with lameness attributable to instability, calcifying, and inflammatory conditions of the shoulder.
Editorial Num. 11
Authors: Castillo Herrera Beverly
Published: November 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/farem.v0i11.1599 Revista Científica de FAREM-Estelí No.11 2014: 1-4
Sobrevivencia y producción de biomasa, de acacia pennatula (schlecht.) Benth por efecto de tres alturas de poda EE. 2012
Authors: Urrutia Rodríguez Josué Tomás , Lanuza Oscar Rafael , Herrera Herrera Alejandrina
Published: November 2014

En este ensayo se evaluó el rendimiento de biomasa, capacidad de rebrote, sobrevivencia de Acacia pennatula establecida como regeneración natural hace 10 años, Haciendo uso de tres alturas de podas (2, 3 y 4 m), utilizando tres parcelas de 10 m2 en donde se tomaron ocho por cada parcela. Se realizó un corte inicial en Noviembre del 2012. Se determino la biomasa leñosa y comestible. Con los resultados obtenidos se puede inferir que la producción de biomasa se ve levemente aumentada cuando las podas se realizan a 2 metros de altura con (578 kg de MS/ha), no presentando diferencias estadísticas comparadas con las demás alturas de poda (P>0.4993). La sobrevivencia de Acacia pennatula se mantiene en 100% cuando las podas se hacen a 4 metros de altura, no así cuando se hace a 2 o 3 m de altura. La capacidad de rebrote de la especies se ve estimulada cuando la poda se hace a cuatro metros llegando a un promedio de 101 rebrotes, al contario cuando se hace a 2 o 3 metros, la cantidad de rebrote disminuye en un 50%. La calidad de los rebrotes (longitud y diámetro basal) se ve estimulada se presentan como significativos (P<0.040), cuando se hacen las podas a menos alturas. Pero el incremento tanto de diámetro como de longitud de los rebrotes se ven incrementado cuando las alturas de podas se dan cuatro metros de altura, Se concluye que a mayor altura de poda permite aumento en la sobrevivencia y número de rebrotes, con una menor longitud y diámetros de los mismos. Pero con incrementos significativos. Se tendría que proseguir con las mediciones de producción de biomasa de los rebrotes obtenidos. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/farem.v0i11.1600 Revista Científica de FAREM-Estelí No.11 2014: 5-12
Análisis multitemporal del cambio de uso del suelo, en el Paisaje Terrestre Protegido Miraflor Moropotente Nicaragua, 1993 – 2011
Authors: Ruiz Veronica , Savé Robert , Herrera Herrera Alejandrina
Published: November 2014

Análisis multitemporal del cambio de uso del suelo, en el Paisaje Terrestre Protegido Miraflor Moropotente Nicaragua, 1993 – 2011. El análisis multitemporal permite detectar cambios entre diferentes fechas de referencia, deduciendo la evolución del medio natural o las repercusiones de la acción humana sobre el medio. El propósito del estudio fue evaluar el cambio de uso del suelo en el Paisaje Terrestre Miraflor Moropotente en el período 1993-2011, a través de imágenes satelitales, a fin de determinar el estado de fragmentación del paisaje. Los cambios de usos de suelo fueron derivados de la clasificación de tres imágenes Landsat TM, con una resolución espacial de 30 metros tomadas en febrero de 1993, abril de 2000 y enero 2011. Se realizó una verificación en campo para la identificación de coberturas de suelo y la corroboración en las imágenes satelitales. La fragmentación se realizó con el cálculo de métricas e índices de fragmentación a nivel del paisaje. Los principales resultados muestran que los cambios de uso de suelo están determinados por la degradación antrópica, principalmente en la conversión de la vegetación nativa a espacios agrícolas y la expansión de la ganadería. El crecimiento demográfico y los monocultivos van ejerciendo presión sobre el bosque, transformando zonas de vocación forestal a cultivos agrícolas. Los cambios de cobertura han significado un paisaje fragmentado con diferentes grados de perturbación, que conllevan a una disminución de la superficie de hábitats naturales, reducción del tamaño de los fragmentos y aislamientos de los mismos. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/farem.v0i11.1605 Revista Científica de FAREM-Estelí No.11 2014: 57-68
A UTILIZAÇÃO DAS TERAPIAS COMPLEMENTARES NOS CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS: BENEFÍCIOS E FINALIDADES
Authors: Caires Juliana Souza , Andrade Tuanny Argolo , Amaral Juliana Bezerra do , Calasans Maria Thais De Andrade , Rocha Michelle Daiane Da Silva
Published: November 2014

Estudo exploratório-descritivo que foi parte de recorte de um projeto de pesquisa realizado em 2011 e 2012, teve por objetivo analisar a utilização das terapias complementares nos cuidados paliativos pelas instituições brasileiras credenciadas nas Associações Nacionais e Latino-Americana de Cuidados Paliativos. A coleta de dados, com seis representantes de serviços de saúde, se deu por meio de um formulário semiestruturado. Os dados foram analisados quantitativamente utilizando-se percentagem simples e, qualitativamente, apoiou-se na Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados revelaram que a musicoterapia, acupuntura e massagem foram as modalidades mais utilizadas nos cuidados paliativos; as terapias complementares, aliadas ao tratamento convencional, ajudam a aliviar a ansiedade, a depressão e a dor dos pacientes, promovendo relaxamento e facilitando a relação e a interação entre profissional-paciente-família. Assim, o uso das terapias complementares nos cuidados paliativos deve ser valorizado e empregado pelos profissionais habilitados, uma vez que colabora para melhora da qualidade de vida.
MORTALIDADE POR CÂNCER DE MAMA EM MULHERES COM IDADE INFERIOR A 40 ANOS
Authors: Sebastião Crislayne Keretch , Larocca Liliana Müller , Souza Rosa Helena Silva , Cavalcante Marília Daniella Machado Araújo , Melanda Viviane Serra
Published: November 2014

Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental descritiva cujo objetivo foi reconhecer o perfil epidemiológico dos óbitos ocorridos entre mulheres com menos de 40 anos, diagnosticadas com câncer de mama. A coleta dos dados foi realizada no Serviço de Registro Hospitalar de Câncer do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná-Brasil, compreendendo informações registradas entre janeiro de 2003 e dezembro de 2011. Foram identificadas 638 notificações de câncer de mama, dos quais 68 foram de mulheres com menos de 40 anos e dessas 21 foram a óbito. Verificou-se que a sobrevida foi, em média, de 40 meses e 76,2% apresentaram estádio clínico avançado (III ou IV). Ressalta-se que o rastreamento do câncer de mama em mulheres de alto risco, permite detectar o tumor mais precocemente, reduzir a incidência no número de óbitos e melhorar os indicadores de saúde.
CONSULTÓRIO DE ENFERMAGEM PARA TRATAMENTO DE FERIDAS EM HOSPITAL DE ENSINO
Authors: Liedke Deise Cristine Furtado , Johann Derdried Athanasio , Danski Mitzy Tannia Reichembach
Published: November 2014

Pesquisa documental descritiva com objetivo de caracterizar o perfil sócio demográfico e clínico de pacientes, em ambulatório de enfermagem para tratamento de feridas, em um hospital de ensino. A coleta de dados ocorreu em outubro de 2013. A amostra foi de 142 prontuários de pacientes atendidos entre janeiro de 2007 a dezembro de 2012. O estudo revela a importância do ambulatório de enfermagem para tratar feridas crônicas e dentre as características destacam-se: população predominantemente feminina 73(51,40%), média de 55 anos de idade e abrangência etária de zero a 90 anos com maior percentual entre 61 e 70 anos; as feridas mais frequentes foram venosas 112(44,45%). Em relação ao número de feridas por pessoa atendida, 79(55,64%) apresentavam uma ferida. As doenças associadas ao desenvolvimento das feridas foram Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica 67(47,18%) e Insuficiência Venosa Crônica 58(40,84%).
ENSINO DA AIDS NA PERSPECTIVA DE DOCENTES DE ENFERMAGEM E SUA RELAÇÃO COM A COMPLEXIDADE
Authors: Camillo Simone De Oliveira , Maiorino Fabiana Tavolaro , Da Silva Ana Lúcia
Published: November 2014

Estudo cujo objetivo foi investigar a percepção dos docentes de Enfermagem sobre a sua prática pedagógica em HIV/Aids, tendo como referencial teórico o Pensamento Complexo. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa com treze docentes graduados em Enfermagem, entre janeiro e julho de 2010, pertencentes a sete Instituições de Ensino Superior de São Paulo. O estudo obedeceu aos princípios éticos e a coleta de dados se deu por meio da Entrevista em Profundidade. Os resultados foram trabalhados pela análise de conteúdo. As categorias evidenciaram que o processo de ensino em HIV/Aids, com base no modelo biomédico, não restringiu o ensino da ética e da cidadania, do estímulo à curiosidade e da criatividade, muito menos, da compreensão do humano com HIV/Aids como um ser complexo, por parte dos docentes. Este estudo mostra a importância da valorização do ensino em relação ao tema HIV/Aids pautado na condição e na solidariedade humana.
PROCESSO DE BRINCAR DA CRIANÇA HOSPITALIZADA GUIADO PELO MODELO LÚDICO
Authors: Dos Santos Dayane Regina , Sales Bonfim Carmem Maria , De Azevedo Mazza Verônica , Loewen Wall Marilene , Alves das Mercês Nen Nalú
Published: November 2014

O brincar é fundamental para o desenvolvimento saudável da criança e durante a hospitalização pode configurar-se como estratégia de cuidado, desde que sua aplicação seja sistematizada e fundamentada. O objetivo do estudo é relatar o processo de brincar guiado pelo Modelo Lúdico. Os participantes foram três crianças do sexo masculino, hospitalizadas em um serviço de transplante de medula óssea, entre setembro e outubro de 2012. A coleta dos dados se deu por meio de instrumentos adaptados do Modelo Lúdico e se desenvolveu em três etapas: conhecendo a criança, cuidando e brincando e acompanhando a evolução do compor tamento lúdico. As crianças foram participativas, demonstrando autonomia, prazer e manutenção do papel ocupacional. O Modelo Lúdico foi considerado importante ferramenta para nortear o cuidado integral e humanizado nesse contexto.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE IDOSOS VÍTIMAS DE ACIDENTES POR CAUSAS EXTERNAS
Authors: Grden Clóris Regina Blanski , Sousa Jacy Aurelia Vieira , Lenardt Maria Helena , Pesck Regianne Mara , Seima Márcia Daniele , Borges Pollyanna Kássia Oliveira
Published: November 2014

Estudo quantitativo retrospectivo, cujo objetivo foi caracterizar as ocorrências em idosos vítimas de acidentes por causas externas, atendidos por um Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência, em uma cidade do Estado do Paraná, Brasil. A amostra compreendeu 324 ocorrências no período amostral de junho a dezembro de 2009. Foram respeitados os preceitos éticos no estudo. A maioria das vítimas era do sexo feminino (n=179; 55,25%), na faixa etária de 60 a 65 anos, com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (n=80; 24,69%) e Diabetes Mellitus (n=33; 10,18%). Foram significativas as ocorrências nos domicílios (n=171; 52,78%); a maior incidência foi das quedas de mesmo nível (n=185; 57,10%), seguidas dos acidentes de transporte terrestre (n=73; 22,52%). Destaca-se a importância de ações pela equipe multiprofissional de saúde, voltadas à prevenção de acidentes por causas externas na população idosa, com ênfase em informações sobre os riscos e cuidados preventivos nas quedas de mesmo nível em domicílio.
Laddering: Revelando a Coleta e Interpretação dos Dados
Authors: Ikeda Ana Akemi , Campomar Marcos Cortez , Chamie Beatriz Cavalcante
Published: November 2014

Laddering uma tcnica de pesquisa bastante apropriada quando o foco est relacionado ao entendimento do valor para o cliente e valores pessoais. Trata-se de uma tcnica de entrevista individual e profunda que se ampara na anlise de contedo para desenvolver conhecimento sobre como os indivduos traduzem os atributos de produtos em associaes significativas em relao a si mesmo seguindo a teoria meios-fim, ou seja, atributos que levam a consequncias e que culminam com os valores dos entrevistados. Apesar de oportuna em estudos de marketing, por investigar o comportamento humano, o restrito nmero de publicaes sobre sua aplicao prtica podem desestimular os pesquisadores de utiliz-la. Assim, o presente estudo tem por objetivo luz da atividade de marketing discutir a tcnica e descrever as principais etapas da pesquisa (entrevista, coleta de dados e anlise). A descrio desse processo foi feita a partir de uma pesquisa real que utilizou a tcnica. Constata-se que mesmo exploratria, a pesquisa que se utiliza desta tcnica disponibiliza informaes valiosas para suporte nas decises em marketing.
Propensão do Cliente à Proposição de Ações Judiciais: Proposição e Teste de Modelo Preditivo para o Setor de Energia Elétrica
Authors: Almeida Victor Manoel Cunha de , Figueiredo Otávio Henrique Dos Santos , Silva Gilberto Figueira da
Published: November 2014

O estudo objetivou a proposio e teste de um modelo predititivo da propenso de clientes de concessionrias do setor de energia eltrica proposio de aes judiciais. Investigaram-se os efeitos: do perfil do cliente; dos motivos crticos de reclamao; e do histrico de aes administrativas, na propenso proposio de aes judiciais. O corpo terico do paradigma da desconfirmao de expectativas foi utilizado como referencial terico do estudo. Adotou-se uma abordagem exploratria para o desenvolvimento e teste do modelo predititivo. A tcnica de rvore de Classificao foi escolhida para operacionalizar o modelo. O mtodo especificado neste estudo para a criao da rvore de deciso foi o CHAID (Chi Square Interaction Detector). A anlise dos dados permite concluir que a propenso proposio de uma ao judicial no depende exclusivamente da natureza do problema enfrentado pelo cliente, mas do seu perfil e da sua trajetria de relacionamento com a concessionria. Os resultados do presente estudo adicionam suporte emprico ao corpo terico do paradigma da desconfirmao de expectativas, mais especificamente, no que diz respeito Teoria da Satisfao, Teoria da Atribuio e Teoria da Justia e Equidade. A principal contribuio gerencial do estudo reside na proposio de um modelo preditivo que permite atribuir a cada cliente uma probabilidade de proposio de ao judicial, o que possibilita a adoo de prticas antecipatrias por parte da concessionria, objetivando melhor servir ao pblico.
Atributos de Estilo de Vida do Consumidor Relacionados ao Consumo de Produtos Orgânicos no Varejo Especializado
Authors: Braga Junior Sergio Silva , Veiga Neto Alipio Ramos , Moraes Nelson Russo
Published: November 2014

Com o objetivo de avaliar a relao entre os atributos de estilo de vida e o consumo de produtos orgnicos no varejo especializado, a presente pesquisa procurou entender quem o consumidor de produtos orgnicos no varejo especializado. Para atender a este objetivo, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo com natureza qualitativa e quantitativa junto a uma amostra de 60 indivduos abordados no momento da compra em um supermercado especializado em produtos orgnicos na cidade de So Paulo/SP. Como resultado foi observado que os consumidores de produto orgnico declaram adotar um estilo de vida saudvel e atriburam como fatores determinantes para a compra de produtos orgnicos a qualidade e os benefcios que os mesmo agregam a sade.
The influence of host residues on the occurrence of some fungal diseases of red clover and alfalfa
Authors: Truszkowska W. , Legieć B.
Published: November 2014

Observations have been made on two hosts and their parasites: (1) Trifolium paratense L. with Kabatilla caulivora and Phoma trifolii and (2) Medicago sativa L. with Ascochyta imperfecta and Verticillium albo-atrum. It has been found that K. caulivora is not specially dangerous for red clover as a soilborne pathogen but, on the contrary, P. trifolii can persist in host residues within the soil. Similar to the latter fungus, A. imperfecta develop well in alfalfa remains in the soil and is therefore a very important danger for this host whilst V.albo-atrum (from DM), although not so dynamic, can non-the-less become a dangerous soil-borne pathogen were alfalfa residues are present.
Yeasts occurring on wheat seeds. II. A taxonomic study of strains of Cryptococcus laurentii (Kuff.) Skinner var. magnus Lodder et Kreger-van Rij and C. albidus (Saito) Skinner var. albidus
Authors: Maciejowska-Pokacka Zofia
Published: November 2014

Morphology and physiology of strains of Cryptococcus laurentii var. magnus and C. albidus var. albidus isolated from winter wheat seeds was studied. It was concluded on the basis of morphological similarity that these fungi were closely related. Resting spores of a "dangeardien'' type were found in C. laurentii, while in some cultures of C. albidus unusually large resting spores were dis00vered.
The supplies of carbon, nitrogen, some ash constituents and of energy in the fruit bodies of forest ecosystems of the reserve Las Piwnicki
Authors: Dziadowiec Helena , Hołownia Irena
Published: November 2014

The results of an analysis of the chemical composition and the calorific value of the fruit bodies of fungi and the supplies of energy, carbon, nitrogen and same ash constituents in the biomass of the fruit bodies collected in the particular years 1972-1974 are presented.
Smoking-Related “Interstitial” Lung Disease
Authors: Franks Teri J. , Galvin Jeffrey R.
Published: November 2014

Context

Emphysema, respiratory bronchiolitis, desquamative interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary Langerhans' cell histiocytosis, small-airway injury including submucosal and adventitial fibrosis, increased bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue, and small artery/arteriolar wall thickening are recognized histologic findings in cigarette smokers. It has only recently been acknowledged that the range of lung injury from cigarette smoke is wider than generally accepted, in particular, there is increasing recognition that fibrosis of alveolar walls occurs in smokers.

Objectives

To review the literature that describes the range of histologic findings in cigarette smokers and that links cigarette smoke exposure to the development of alveolar wall fibrosis.

Data Sources

Relevant peer-reviewed literature indexed in PubMed (National Library of Medicine) form the basis of this review.

Conclusions

Smokers demonstrate a wide range of lung injury at biopsy that defies simple placement within single categories, and the current categories do not adequately take into account the importance of alveolar wall and airway fibrosis.
Recognizing the Distribution System: Asset/Water Quality Management Nexus
Authors: Johnson Mark , Brewer Todd , Hill Andrew , Moore Randy
Published: November 2014

Utilities must recognize the interdependence of distribution system asset management and water quality management. Inattention to asset management often results in adverse water quality issues. Recognizing the effect each has on the other underlies improving conditions of system assets and water quality in the distribution system.
Maintain Valves and Keep Control of Your Distribution System
Authors: Keenan Owen
Published: November 2014

A valve maintenance program is a proactive way to ensure distribution system reliability and helps avoid the need to limit damages and downtime during emergency shutdowns.
Le titre foncier devant le juge administratif camerounais : les difficultés d’adaptation du système Torrens au Cameroun
Authors: Mpessa Aloys
Published: November 2014

Le Cameroun, à l’instar de la plupart des pays qui ont adopté le système Torrens, a opté pour le régime foncier de l’immatriculation, qui se traduit par l’inscription des droits réels sur un Livre foncier.

L’inscription de ces droits réels sur le livre foncier, n’intervient qu’à l’issue d’une procédure destinée à révéler tous les droits réels attachés à un immeuble. Lorsque, aucune opposition ne s’est manifestée lors de cette procédure, le titre foncier obtenu devient inattaquable, intangible et définitif.

Cependant, à ces principes d’incontestabilité et d’irrévocabilité du titre foncier, le droit positif camerounais y a apporté deux tempéraments : en permettant à la personne lésée, par une immatriculation dolosive, ou consécutive à une faute de l’Administration, ou résultant de la fraude du bénéficiaire, d’intenter, soit une action personnelle en dommages intérêts devant le tribunal civil, soit, de solliciter le retrait administratif du titre foncier auprès de l’autorité administrative compétente, soit enfin, de demander son annulation juridictionnelle, devant le juge administratif. Cet aspect contentieux de l’immatriculation constitue l’originalité du droit camerounais, par rapport aux droits d’autres pays, qui ont adopté le système Torrens.

Cette mise en cause du titre foncier devant le juge administratif, et l’éventualité de son annulation, démontrent que le titre foncier ne possède qu’une force probante relative. La réflexion menée actuellement par les pouvoirs publics camerounais tend à améliorer ce régime de l’immatriculation, en mettant l’accent sur les failles décelées : l’inefficacité de la publicité des avis des demandes d’immatriculation et l’ineffectivité des enquêtes sur le terrain.
Fast retrieval and autonomous regulation of single spontaneously recycling synaptic vesicles
Authors: Leitz Jeremy , Kavalali Ege T
Published: November 2014

Presynaptic terminals release neurotransmitters spontaneously in a manner that can be regulated by Ca2+. However, the mechanisms underlying this regulation are poorly understood because the inherent stochasticity and low probability of spontaneous fusion events has curtailed their visualization at individual release sites. Here, using pH-sensitive optical probes targeted to synaptic vesicles, we visualized single spontaneous fusion events and found that they are retrieved extremely rapidly with faster re-acidification kinetics than their action potential-evoked counterparts. These fusion events were coupled to postsynaptic NMDA receptor-driven Ca2+ signals, and at elevated Ca2+ concentrations there was an increase in the number of vesicles that would undergo fusion. Furthermore, spontaneous vesicle fusion propensity in a synapse was Ca2+-dependent but regulated autonomously: independent of evoked fusion probability at the same synapse. Taken together, these results expand classical quantal analysis to incorporate endocytic and exocytic phases of single fusion events and uncover autonomous regulation of spontaneous fusion.
RUNX1, a transcription factor mutated in breast cancer, controls the fate of ER-positive mammary luminal cells
Authors: van Bragt Maaike PA , Hu Xin , Xie Ying , Li Zhe
Published: November 2014

RUNX1 encodes a RUNX family transcription factor (TF) and was recently identified as a novel mutated gene in human luminal breast cancers. We found that Runx1 is expressed in all subpopulations of murine mammary epithelial cells (MECs) except the secretory alveolar luminal cells. Conditional knockout of Runx1 in MECs by MMTV-Cre led to a decrease in luminal MECs, largely due to a profound reduction in the estrogen receptor (ER)-positive mature luminal subpopulation, a phenotype that could be rescued by the loss of either Trp53 or Rb1. Mechanistically RUNX1 represses Elf5, a master regulatory TF gene for alveolar cells, and regulates mature luminal TF/co-factor genes (e.g., Foxa1 and Cited1) involved in the ER program. Collectively, our data identified a key regulator of the ER+ luminal lineage whose disruption may contribute to the development of ER+ luminal breast cancer when under the background of either TP53 or RB1 loss.
The long non-coding RNA Dali is an epigenetic regulator of neural differentiation
Authors: Chalei Vladislava , Sansom Stephen N , Kong Lesheng , Lee Sheena , Montiel Juan F , Vance Keith W , Ponting Chris P
Published: November 2014

Many intergenic long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) loci regulate the expression of adjacent protein coding genes. Less clear is whether intergenic lncRNAs commonly regulate transcription by modulating chromatin at genomically distant loci. Here, we report both genomically local and distal RNA-dependent roles of Dali, a conserved central nervous system expressed intergenic lncRNA. Dali is transcribed downstream of the Pou3f3 transcription factor gene and its depletion disrupts the differentiation of neuroblastoma cells. Locally, Dali transcript regulates transcription of the Pou3f3 locus. Distally, it preferentially targets active promoters and regulates expression of neural differentiation genes, in part through physical association with the POU3F3 protein. Dali interacts with the DNMT1 DNA methyltransferase in mouse and human and regulates DNA methylation status of CpG island-associated promoters in trans. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that a single intergenic lncRNA controls the activity and methylation of genomically distal regulatory elements to modulate large-scale transcriptional programmes.
Boundary mixing in Orkney Passage outflow
Authors: Polzin K. L. , Garabato A. C. Naveira , Abrahamsen E. P. , Jullion L. , Meredith M. P.
Published: November 2014

One of the most remarkable features of contemporary oceanic climate change is the warming and contraction of Antarctic Bottom Water over much of global ocean abyss. These signatures represent changes in ventilation mediated by mixing and entrainment processes that may be location‐specific. Here we use available data to document, as best possible, those mixing processes as Weddell Sea Deep and Bottom Waters flow along the South Orkney Plateau, exit the Weddell Sea via Orkney Passage and fill the abyssal Scotia Sea. First, we find that an abrupt transition in topography upstream of Orkney Passage delimits the extent of the coldest waters along the Plateau's flanks and may indicate a region of especially intense mixing. Second, we revisit a control volume budget by Heywood et al. (2002) for waters trapped within the Scotia Sea after entering through Orkney Passage. This budget requires extremely vigorous water mass transformations with a diapycnal transfer coefficient of
m2 s−1. Evidence for such intense diapycnal mixing is not found in the abyssal Scotia Sea interior and, while we do find large rates of diapycnal mixing in conjunction with a downwelling Ekman layer on the western side of Orkney Passage, it is insufficient to close the budget. This leads us to hypothesize that the Heywood budget is closed by a boundary mixing process in which the Ekman layer associated with the Weddell Sea Deep Water boundary current experiences relatively large vertical scale overturning associated with tidal forcing along the southern boundary of the Scotia Sea.
Estimating mean dynamic topography in boundary currents and the use of Argo trajectories
Authors: Bowen Melissa , Sutton Philip , Roemmich Dean
Published: November 2014

A Mean Dynamic Topography (MDT) is required to estimate mean transport in the ocean, to combine with altimetry to derive instantaneous geostrophic surface velocities, and to estimate transport from shipboard hydrography. A number of MDTs are now available globally but differ most markedly in boundary currents and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. We evaluate several MDTs in two boundary currents off New Zealand (in the subtropical western boundary current system east of the country and in the Subantarctic Front to the south) using satellite, hydrographic, and Argo observations near two altimeter tracks. Argo float trajectories are combined with estimates of shear to produce new MDTs along both altimeter tracks: sufficiently high numbers of Argo floats travel in both boundary currents to allow a useful estimate of the mean flow at 1000 m depth and conservation of potential vorticity is used to account for more realistic flow paths. In finding a MDT, we show the uncertainties in the estimates of velocity differences between 1000 m and the surface from density climatologies, while often not estimated, need to be considered. The MDT computed from the Argo trajectories is generally consistent with the CLS09 MDT in both boundary currents and, in some locations, distinctly different from the MDT using a “level of no motion” assumption. The comparison suggests velocities from Argo trajectories can be usefully combined with other observations to improve estimates of flows and MDT in boundary currents.
Responses of the ocean planktonic ecosystem to finite‐amplitude perturbations
Authors: Wang Qiang , Mu Mu
Published: November 2014

The responses of the ocean planktonic ecosystem to finite‐amplitude perturbations are investigated using an ocean planktonic ecosystem model. Through changing the higher predation rate on zooplankton, multiple equilibria of the model, namely “high‐nutrient” and “low‐nutrient” states, are obtained under certain parameter values. Based on these states, the perturbations with maximum nonlinear growth are determined using the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) method. The linear and nonlinear evolutions of the CNOP perturbation are compared. The results show that the nonlinear evolution of the perturbation leads to predator–prey oscillations with larger amplitude than the linear evolution. Besides, after the perturbation amplitude exceeds a critical value, the nonlinear evolution of the perturbation will induce the linearly stable ecosystem state to lose the stability and become nonlinearly unstable. This implies that nonlinear processes have important impacts on the stability of the ecosystem. Specifically, we identify the nonlinear processes related to zooplankton grazing to impact the stability most for the high‐nutrient state, while for the low‐nutrient state the main nonlinear process affecting the stability is the uptake process. These results help to improve our understanding of the sensitivity of the oceanic ecosystem model to finite‐amplitude perturbations and the underlying nonlinear stability properties.
Inhibiting drug efflux transporters improves efficacy of ALS therapeutics
Authors: Jablonski Michael R. , Markandaiah Shashirekha S. , Jacob Dena , Meng Ni J. , Li Ke , Gennaro Victoria , Lepore Angelo C. , Trotti Davide , Pasinelli Piera
Published: November 2014

Objective

Research identified promising therapeutics in cell models of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), but there is limited progress translating effective treatments to animal models and patients, and ALS remains a disease with no effective treatment. One explanation stems from an acquired pharmacoresistance driven by the drug efflux transporters P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) and breast cancer‐resistant protein (BCRP), which we have shown are selectively upregulated at the blood‐brain and spinal cord barrier (BBB/BSCB) in ALS mice and patients. Pharmacoresistance is well appreciated in other brain diseases, but overlooked in ALS despite many failures in clinical trials.

Methods

Here, we prove that a P‐gp/BCRP‐driven pharmacoresistance limits the bioavailability of ALS therapeutics using riluzole, the only FDA‐approved drug for ALS and a substrate of P‐gp and BCRP. ALS mice (SOD1‐G93A) were treated with riluzole and elacridar, to block P‐gp and BCRP, and monitored for survival as well as behavioral and physiological parameters.

Results

We show that riluzole, which normally is not effective when given at onset of symptoms, is now effective in the ALS mice when administered in combination with the P‐gp/BCRP inhibitor elacridar. Chronic elacridar treatment increases riluzole Central nervous system (CNS) penetration, improves behavioral measures, including muscle function, slowing down disease progression, and significantly extending survival.

Interpretation

Our approach improves riluzole efficacy with treatment beginning at symptom onset. Riluzole will not provide a cure, but enhancing its efficacy postsymptoms by addressing pharmacoresistance demonstrates a proof‐of‐principle concept to consider when developing new ALS therapeutic strategies. We highlight a novel improved therapeutic approach for ALS and demonstrate that pharmacoresistance can no longer be ignored in ALS.
Delayed perforation of the sigmoid colon after endoscopic reduction of sigmoid volvulus
Authors: Ohtsuka Yasuhiro , Tsuchiya Shin , Shida Takashi , Komatsu Teisuke
Published: November 2014

Case

An 81‐year‐old woman was diagnosed with sigmoid volvulus. As there were no signs of peritoneal irritation, emergency endoscopic reduction was attempted and achieved successfully. Although she remained stable on the following day, she suddenly developed perforative pan‐peritonitis 35 h after the procedure.

Outcome

Emergency laparotomy revealed a 10‐mm‐diameter perforation at the anti‐mesenteric wall of the top of the sigmoid loop, and sigmoid resection with Hartmann's procedure was carried out. Pathological examination revealed ischemic necrosis around the perforation site. She recovered well with intensive care, and was discharged 32 days later.

Conclusion

Delayed sigmoid perforation after endoscopic reduction of sigmoid volvulus is a rare but important and life‐threatening pitfall, and should always be considered by acute care physicians. To prevent this dangerous complication, evaluation of the viability of the entire sigmoid by direct vision and semi‐emergency operation as soon as the patient's condition is optimized after endoscopic reduction may be essential.
A New Series of Antibacterial Nitrosopyrimidines: Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationship
Authors: Olivella Monica , Marchal Antonio , Nogueras Manuel , Melguizo Manuel , Lima Beatriz , Tapia Alejandro , Feresin Gabriela E. , Parravicini Oscar , Giannini Fernando , Andujar Sebastián A. , Cobo Justo , Enriz Ricardo D.
Published: November 2014

New nitrosopyrimidines were synthesized and evaluated as potential antibacterial agents. Different compounds structurally related with 4,6‐bis(alkyl or arylamino)‐5‐nitrosopyrimidines were evaluated. Some of these nitrosopyrimidines displayed significant antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria. Among them compounds 1c, 2a–c, and 9a–c exhibited remarkable activity against methicillin‐sensitive and ‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Salmonella enteritidis. A detailed structure–activity relationship study, supported by theoretical calculations, aided us to identify and understand the minimal structural requirements for the antibacterial action of the nitrosopyrimidines reported here. Thus, our results have led us to identify a topographical template that provides a guide for the design of new nitrosopyrimidines with antibacterial effects.
Active Site Targeting of Hedgehog Precursor Protein with Phenylarsine Oxide
Authors: Owen Timothy S. , Xie Xie Jian , Laraway Benjamin , Ngoje George , Wang Chunyu , Callahan Brian P.
Published: November 2014

Hedgehog proteins, signaling molecules implicated in human embryo development and cancer, can be inhibited at the stage of autoprocessing by the trivalent arsenical phenyl arsine oxide (PhAsIII). The interaction (apparent Ki, 4×10−7 M) is characterized by an optical binding assay and by NMR spectroscopy. PhAsIII appears to be the first validated inhibitor of hedgehog autoprocessing, which is unique to hedgehog proteins and essential for biological activity.
Polymeric p–n Nanojunctions: Formation and Electrochemical Properties of C60‐Pd@Polypyrrole Core–Shell Nanoparticles
Authors: Brancewicz Ewa , Grądzka Emilia , Wilczewska Agnieszka Z. , Winkler Krzysztof
Published: November 2014

A simple approach to the synthesis of core–shell C60‐Pd@polypyrrole nanoparticles is described. The nanoparticles were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Special attention was devoted to the electrochemical properties of the C60‐Pd@polypyrrole nanoparticles. Thin films formed from these nanoparticles exhibited a large potential range of electrochemical activity. Oxidation of the polypyrrole component was observed at positive potentials. Reduction of the C60‐Pd inner core in a negative potential range depended on the thickness of the outer polypyrrole layer. With a thin outer shell (less than approximately 20 nm), electrons and counter ions can be transported through it, enabling reduction of the inner C60‐Pd phase. Owing to the different redox properties of the two nanoparticle components, these systems represent spherical p–n nanojunctions.