bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O protagonismo indígena nas aulas de História: problemas e desafios no livro didático.
Authors: Rosa Francis Mary Soares Correia da
Published: September 2019

Objetivamos nesse artigo um estudo ensaístico das possibilidades de implementação da lei 11.645/08 no que se refere à temática indígena nas aulas de história da educação básica, por meio de um estudo crítico ao livro didático de história e das categorias de análise presente na história indígena, a saber, resistência e do protagonismo. A escolha pelo conceito do protagonismo e resistência indígena como fio condutor surge diante de uma dupla necessidade enquanto professora, historiadora e filósofa: o primeiro passo é construir um viés crítico à imagem dos povos indígenas em um  dos livros didáticos de história aprovados no último PNLD/História-2018, historicizando às categorias de análise costumeiramente apresentadas  e, o segundo passo: estabelecer subsídios para se pensar criticamente a produção de um “vazio” discursivo no que se refere ao protagonismo e os movimentos de luta e resistência indígenas. Por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica crítica e relacional ao tema, optou-se por uma abordagem ensaística, porém fundamentada em uma revisão da literatura que aponta como principal suporte os estudos de Grupioni (2004), Munduruku (2009; 2012) e Santos e Felippe (2017), dentro outros. Espera-se contribuir para a ampliação sobre as discussões da implementação da lei 11.645/08 e o livro didático de história, assim como apontar subsídios para o ensino de história comprometido com essa demanda legal.
Quilombo, identidade e educação escolar: o ensino de História na escola David Miranda em Santana-Amapá
Authors: Custódio Elivaldo Serrão , Foster Eugénia da Luz Silva , Souza Silvaney Rubens Alves de
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo objetiva discutir sobre quilombo, identidade e educação escolar: o ensino de história na escola David Miranda localizada no município de Santana, estado do Amapá. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório de abordagem qualitativa que utilizou da pesquisa bibliográfica, a análise documental, a observação direta e a entrevista como forma de investigação. O trabalho analisou um projeto pedagógico da referida escola chamado “Identidade Cultural”, cuja essência representa uma interessante experiência de  ação pedagógica, onde saberes da comunidade local em conjunto com uma sensibilidade dos educadores, produziu um diálogo entre o passado e o presente que contribuiu para fortalecer a identidade de uma comunidade que anseia pelos seus direitos e busca resguardar a sua propriedade e sua memória cultural. Os resultados da pesquisa revelam que a experiência ocorrida na escola local demonstra que ainda há um longo caminho a ser trilhado na busca de uma educação quilombola efetiva no estado do Amapá, mas os agentes sociais que fazem a escola, estão se esforçando na árdua tarefa de construir uma educação adequada aos novos anseios da comunidade local.
A Ditadura de 1964-1985 na iniciação à docência: o ensino entre o dever de memória e as disputas midiáticas
Authors: Lowande Walter Francisco Figueiredo , Fonseca Vinícius Pedro , Fernandes Pedro Otávio Carvalho
Published: September 2019

Propomos algumas reflexões teóricas sobre os desafios de se ensinar a história da ditadura de 1964-1985 em meio às guerras de memória sobre o período que se processam nas mídias eletrônicas. Esse debate relaciona-se de maneira relevante com as discussões a respeito dos problemas envoltos no tema da história pública e da mídia-educação. Em seguida, apresentamos algumas das experiências e conclusões que desenvolvemos a este respeito a partir de ações desenvolvidas no Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência em 2017.
Semi-active MR dampers for seismic control of structures
Authors: Kori Jagadish G. , Jangid R.S.
Published: September 2019

Magnotorheological (MR) dampers have been demonstrated to be more effective in reducing the structural response due to earthquakes using only a small amount of external power. The performance of MR damper depends upon type of control law used and the damper force is directly depends on the input command voltage. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of input command voltage on MR damper system against recently proposed control laws under different earthquakes. The magnitude of control force increases with the increase in the input command voltage of MR damper, however for the different damper locations and configurations maximum command voltage to the current driver may not always effective in reducing the structural responses. To investigate the effective performance of the MR dampers, different control algorithms with multiple MR damper locations are considered in this study. A phenomenological model of a shear- mode MR damper, based on a Bouc–Wen element, is employed in the analysis of the controlled building. The control algorithms are tested on a five-story framed building and parametric study on variation in the input command voltage is conducted for different real earthquake ground motions. The numerically evaluated optimum parametric values are considered for the analysis of the different damper locations in the building in order to reduce the displacement, acceleration and the base shear of the building. It is shown numerically that the performance of the MR damper has a great potential in suppressing structural vibrations over a wide range of seismic inputs by selecting appropriate optimum input command voltages.
Evaluation and control of the in-plane stiffness of timber floors for the performance-based retrofit of URM buildings
Authors: Brignola Anna , Pampanin Stefano , Podestà Stefano
Published: September 2019

The seismic response of existing un-reinforced masonry (URM) buildings is strongly dependent on the characteristics of wooden floors and, in particular, on their in-plane stiffness and on the quality of connection between the floors and the URM elements. It is generally well-recognized that an adequate in-plane-stiffness and proper connections can significantly improve the three-dimensional response of these buildings, obtaining a better distribution and transfer of forces to the lateral load resisting walls. However, the extensive damage observed during past earthquakes on URM buildings of different types have highlighted serious shortcomings in typical retrofit interventions adopted in the past and based on stiffening the diaphragm. Recent numerical investigations have also confirmed that increasing the stiffness of the diaphragm is not necessarily going to lead to an improved response, but could actually result to detrimental effects. The evaluation of the in-plane stiffness of timber floors in their as-built and retrofitted configuration is still an open question and a delicate issue, with design guidelines and previous research results providing incomplete and sometimes controversial suggestions to practicing engineers involved in the assessment and/or retrofit of these type of structures. In this contribution, the role of the in-plane stiffness of timber floors in the seismic response of URM buildings is critically discussed, based on the relatively limited available experimental and numerical evidences. A framework for a performance-based assessment and retrofit strategy of URM buildings, capable of accounting for the effects of a flexible diaphragm on the response prior to and after the retrofit intervention, is then proposed. By controlling the in-plane stiffness of the diaphragm, adopting a specific strengthening (or weakening) intervention, the displacements, accelerations and internal force demands can be maintained within targeted levels. This will protect undesired local mechanisms and aim for a more appropriate hierarchy of strength within the whole system.
Lateral stress effects on liquefaction resistance correlations
Authors: Harada Kenji , Orense Rolando P. , Ishihara Kenji , Mukai Jun
Published: September 2019

When the sand compaction pile (SCP) method is implemented to improve loose deposits of sandy soils, its effect is evaluated generally in terms of increase in density, which is beneficial for reducing the liquefaction potential of the deposits during earthquakes. An additional advantage can be expected to occur due to concurrent increase in lateral stress. When the resistance to liquefaction is evaluated on the basis of SPT N-value or CPT qc-value, the increased resistance to penetration due to the sand compaction has been interpreted conventionally as being associated mainly with the increase in density. Therefore, in order to properly evaluate the effectiveness of ground improvement in compacted soils, it is necessary to quantify the effect of lateral stresses on the penetration resistance and liquefaction strength. In this paper, based on the results of SPT and CPT performed in a chamber box in the laboratory, the relationships between penetration resistance, liquefaction resistance and relative density were re-examined and the influence of lateral stress, expressed in terms of KC, was investigated. Although the results indicated that generally the resistance to liquefaction increases with increasing KC–value, little difference was noted when the density of the deposit was high. Based on the results, recommended charts incorporating the effect of KC were proposed.
Lessons for steel structures from the 2009 earthquake damage in Padang
Authors: Hyland Clark W. K. , Wijanto Sugeng
Published: September 2019

The Padang earthquake is a timely reminder to New Zealand structural engineers of a number of things with respect to seismic design and construction practice of steel structures. These include: The importance of implementing the latest seismic loadings and design technology into new and existing structures without undue delay; The need to maintain an effective Building Code enforcement and audit process, including the keeping of publicly transparent compliance records; The important role of the design engineer in observing and auditing the interpretation and implementation of the design is essential, to prevent improper substitution of materials and ill-considered design changes; The need for ongoing continuing professional development and education for design, construction and building code enforcement officials to develop and maintain technical competency; The separation of non-structural elements from interfering with the primary seismic resisting system needs to be carried through diligently from design and into construction. Where structural separation is not achieved then design models for integrating unreinforced brickwork panels within moment resisting frames need to be developed, particularly for retrofit situations; The design for weak-axis bending of two way moment resisting steel frames requires careful attention to secondary effects, and should be avoided where possible; Non-self centring structural elements need to be identified at design stage and designed to minimise inelastic behaviour during ultimate limit state earthquakes; Diagonal bracing rods should be designed to avoid failure within couplings. Consideration should also be given to the dynamic response of the roof level bracing system to heavy wall induced lateral loads; Connections at the interface of steel work with concrete and masonry sub-trades need to be carefully monitored to ensure intended design performance is achieved; Unreinforced masonry without lateral tiebacks should be avoided on lintels over egress-ways; A guide of typical structural repair methods would also be a useful tool for post-earthquake use, to quickly identify appropriate repair strategies and allow repair estimates to be developed. At a philosophical level, should a post-earthquake repair be required to simply allow a resumption of functionality? Alternatively should the repair be required to reinstate the structural performance to its pre-earthquake strength? Or should the repair improve the seismic resisting performance of the structure in line with current earthquake engineering knowledge?
The sliding hinge joint moment connection
Authors: MacRae Gregory A. , Clifton G. Charles , Mackinven Hamish , Mago Nandor , Butterworth John , Pampanin Stefano
Published: September 2019

A new friction moment joint for steel framed structures is described. It has a similar cost to conventional construction and is designed such that there is negligible damage to the frame or slabs. Experimental testing shows that steel, brass or aluminium shims can provide satisfactory friction resistance and that there is almost no damage to the frame during design level displacements. A method for establishing the dependable friction force is developed considering construction tolerances and bolt moment-axial-force-shear interaction. A design methodology for the joint and a design example are provided.
The Darfield (Canterbury) earthquake of September 2010
Authors: Gledhill Ken , Ristau John , Reyners Martin , Fry Bill , Holden Caroline
Published: September 2019

The Darfield moment magnitude (Mw) 7.1 earthquake of September 2010 is the first heavily damaging earthquake to strike New Zealand since the surface wave magnitude (MS) 7.8 Hawkes Bay earthquake in 1931. Although the earthquake has a clear strike-slip surface expression characterised by the Greendale Fault, seismological evidence suggests it is a complex event beginning as a reverse faulting earthquake. Evidence for complexity of the mainshock includes a well constrained epicentre north of the surface fault trace, high near-source vertical accelerations, first-motion and regional moment tensor focal mechanisms which differ from teleseismic solutions, and a complex aftershock pattern. The earthquake and aftershock sequence were very well recorded by the GeoNet sensor networks in the region, and provide an exceptional dataset for understanding the earthquake rupture process and reducing damage from future earthquakes. This was the most significant test of GeoNet since its inception in 2001, and the first such New Zealand event in the “internet age”. GeoNet data proved important for the response and the interaction with emergency management, media and the public. The GeoNet website sustained continued heavy load over the weeks and months following the earthquake but continued to deliver timely information because of significant improvements carried out as the aftershock sequence continued.
Geotechnical reconnaissance of the 2010 Darfield (Canterbury) earthquake
Authors: Cubrinovski Misko , Green Russell A. , Allen John , Ashford Scott , Bowman Elisabeth , Bradley Brendon , Cox Brady , Hutchinson Tara , Kavazanjian Edward , Orense Rolando , Pender Michael , Quigley Mark , Wotherspoon Liam
Published: September 2019

On 4 September 2010, a magnitude Mw 7.1 earthquake struck the Canterbury region on the South Island of New Zealand. The epicentre of the earthquake was located in the Darfield area about 40 km west of the city of Christchurch. Extensive damage was inflicted to lifelines and residential houses due to widespread liquefaction and lateral spreading in areas close to major streams, rivers and wetlands throughout Christchurch and Kaiapoi. Unreinforced masonry buildings also suffered extensive damage throughout the region. Despite the severe damage to infrastructure and residential houses, fortunately, no deaths occurred and only two injuries were reported in this earthquake. From an engineering viewpoint, one may argue that the most significant aspects of the 2010 Darfield Earthquake were geotechnical in nature, with liquefaction and lateral spreading being the principal culprits for the inflicted damage.
Following the earthquake, an intensive geotechnical reconnaissance was conducted to capture evidence and perishable data from this event. The surveys were performed on foot, by car and from a helicopter over a period of six days. A broad-brush field reconnaissance was conducted in the first two days, followed by pin-point investigations at specific locations including detailed site inspections and field testing using: Dynamic Cone Penetration Test (DCPT), Swedish Weight Sounding (SWS), and Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves (SASW).
This paper summarizes the observations and preliminary findings from this early reconnaissance work.
Preliminary report on steel building damage from the Darfield earthquake of September 4, 2010
Authors: Bruneau Michel , Anagnostopoulou Myrto , MacRae Greg , Clifton Charles , Fussell Alistair
Published: September 2019

This paper presents preliminary findings based on the performance of various steel structures during the Darfield earthquake of September 4, 2010, including concentrically braced frames, eccentrically braced frames, steel tanks, and steel houses. With a few exceptions, steel structures performed well during this earthquake, but much of this is attributed to the fact that seismic demands from the Darfield earthquake were generally lower than considered in their design.
Interbuilding pounding damage observed in the 2010 Darfield earthquake
Authors: Cole Gregory , Dhakal Rajesh , Carr Athol , Bull Des
Published: September 2019

Five days after the Darfield earthquake, a street survey of buildings with pounding damage was performed in Christchurch Central Business District (CBD). Pounding damage did not occur very often, and the level of damage observed was generally low. Moderate to severe pounding damage was observed only in some unreinforced masonry buildings. Outside the CBD one collapsed storey can be attributed to pounding.

The majority of pounding damage occurred in vertical structural elements. Adjacent stepped façades were also found to be susceptible. The damage patterns associated with pounding could have led to building collapse in more severe/longer duration shaking or major aftershocks. Pounding damage remains a serious concern for future strong earthquakes in New Zealand.
Damage to steel storage racks in industrial buildings in the Darfield earthquake
Authors: Crosier Jeff , Hannah Mark , Mukai David
Published: September 2019

On September 8, a team investigated damage to industrial structures in Christchurch due to the Darfield Earthquake. While there was very little damage to structures regardless of age and framing system, damage to steel storage racks varied from no damage to complete collapse. This paper reports on the observations about the damage to steel racks, reviews pertinent design standards, and makes some preliminary conclusions about the performance of steel storage racks in the Darfield earthquake.
Relation between Planck’s Constant and Speed of Light, Predicting Proton Radius More Accurately
Authors: Backerra Anna C. M.
Published: September 2019

In twin physics, descriptions of phenomena on a quantum-mechanical as well as astronomical scale are reconciled by considering them in a complementary way. This is in agreement with the view of Heisenberg and carried out by using the definition of complementarity as given by Max Jammer. The obtained theoretical results can be identified with basic physical phenomena like the forces of nature, a series of elementary particles and gravitational waves. If the proton as described by twin physics is combined with the early ideas of Einstein about the energetic equivalence of mass and radiation, a relation between the Planck’s constant and the speed of light is found, in which the mass and radius of the proton occur, together with a factor four. This factor acts as a conversion factor from mass to radiation. Besides of that, this relation leads to a more accurate prediction of the radius of the proton.
Wilhelm Wien’s Photons Creating the BohEmian Pilot Wave for the Guiding of the Individual Huygens - de Broglie Particles on the Helical Path Governed by the Newton - Bohm Evolute (the Bohmian Pilot Wave) through the Young - Feynman Double - Slit Barrier.
Authors: Stavek Jiri
Published: September 2019

In our approach we have combined knowledge of Old Masters (working in this field before the year 1905), New Masters (working in this field after the year 1905) and Dissidents under the guidance of Louis de Broglie and David Bohm. In our model the quantum particle is represented as the Huygens-de Broglie’s particle on the helical path (full wave) guided by the Newton-Bohm entangled helical evolute (Bohmian Pilot Wave). These individual Huygens - de Broglie particles in the Young - Feynman double - slit experiment react with Wilhelm Wien’s photons that are always present inside of the apparatus (Wien’s displacement law). Wilhelm Wien’s photons form collectively the Wien filter guiding the Huygens - de Broglie particles through the double - slit barrier towards a detector (BohEmian Pilot Wave). The interplay of those events creates the observed interference pattern. In the very well-known formula describing the intensity of double-slit diffraction patterns we have newly introduced the concept curvature κ of the Huygens - de Broglie particle and thus giving a physical interpretation for the Newton - Bohm guiding wave (the Bohmian Pilot Wave): for photons κ = π/λ, for electrons κ = 2π/λ. Moreover, we have introduced into that formula the expression λmax from the Wien’s displacement law to describe geometry of the double - slit barrier. We propose to modify the value λmax by the change of the system temperature. There is a second experimental possibility - we can insert into those slits filters to remove Wien’s photons while the Huygens - de Broglie particles continue towards a detector - we should observe the particle behavior. The similar situation might occur in the Mach - Zehnder interferometer. In this case the individual Huygens - de Broglie particle reacts in the first beam splitter with the Wien photon: the Huygens - de Broglie particle goes through one path while the Wien photon goes through the second path. In the second beam splitter they interact again and create the interference pattern on one detector. We can experimentally modify the resulting interference pattern in the Mach - Zehnder interferometer - by the temperature change of the system or by inserting filters to remove Wien’s photons from one or both paths. Can it be that Nature cleverly creates those interference patterns while the Bohmian pilot wave and the BohEmian pilot wave are hidden in plain sight? We want to pass this concept into the hands of Readers of this Journal better educated in the Mathematics and Physics.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Education and Learning, Vol. 8, No. 5
Authors: Lin Grace
Published: September 2019

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Education and Learning, Vol. 8, No. 5, 2019
The Implications of Land Tenure Systems on Socio-Economic Development in Kumbo Central Sub-Division, North West Region of Cameroon
Authors: Kometa Cordelia G. , Asongsaigha Richard N.
Published: September 2019

This study explores the impact of land tenure systems on the socio-economic development of Kumbo Central Sub-Division. The incompatibility of the Statutory and Customary land tenure and land laws in Kumbo brings about conflict between the land laws and land users at large. Land tenure insecurity and lack of land certificates are the major reasons for the slow growth rate in the socio-economic development of Kumbo. This study seeks to assess the reasons for tenure insecurity and implications on the socio-economic development of Kumbo. Data necessary for the realization of this study were obtained through primary and secondary data collection techniques such as questionnaires, interviews, field observation, focus group discussions, snap shorts and the review of related documented materials. These techniques followed a stratified sampling on an age selective population that was liable to have access to land. The study revealed that land ownership and land use conflicts emanate from poor and incompatible land tenure systems in Kumbo. The study recommended that the problem of incompatibility between the two tenure systems can be resolved by harmonizing the two laws. Also, the Social Tenure Domain System was recommended to solve the problem of land tenure insecurity if well implemented by the Government of Cameroon. This model enhances land tenure security for all, especially the vulnerable groups. If all these recommendations are implemented effectively, socio-economic development in Kumbo will be greatly accelerated.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Plant Studies, Vol. 8, No. 2
Authors: Lee Joan
Published: September 2019

Journal of Plant Studies wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.

Journal of Plant Studies is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jps/editor/recruitment and e-mail the completed application form to jps@ccsenet.org.

Reviewers for Volume 8, Number 2

Bingcheng Xu, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, China

Dariusz Kulus, University of Technology and Life Sciences, Poland

Guzel R. Kudoyarova, Institute of Biology, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia

Joanna Helena Kud, University of Idaho, USA

Milana Trifunovic-Momcilov, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, Serbia

Montaser Fawzy Abdel-Monaim, Plant Pathology Res. Instatute, Agric. Res. Center, Egypt

Rajnish Sharma, Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, India

Said Laarabi, University Mohammed V/Ministry of National Education, Morocco

Samuel G Obae, Stevenson University, USA

Sarwan Kumar, Punjab Agricultural University, India

Slawomir Borek, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland

Ya-Yi Huang, Institution of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
Interseccionalitat i estudis de gènere en geografia rural: un estat de la qüestió (2008-2015)
Authors: Garcia González Mireia
Published: September 2019

La interseccionalitat representa un concepte teòric i metodològic en auge dins dels estudis de gènere que s’ha convertit en una de les aproximacions més inclusives a l’hora de tenir en compte les múltiples categories de diferència que conformen la identitat i les relacions de poder. No obstant això, la tradició acadèmica en els estudis de gènere en la geografia i, més específicament, en el camp de la geografia rural, s’ha centrat en l’anàlisi de les diferents categories de diferència de manera menys global i, en certa mesura, al marge del desenvolupament de la teoria interseccional. El present article ofereix un estat de la qüestió de la bibliografia publicada en el camp dels estudis de gènere des de la geografia, i actua des d’una posició concreta, el món rural, per fer sortir a la llum les darreres recerques que comprenen diverses categories de diferència i d’identitat, especialment les que parteixen d’una òptica plenament interseccional.
Flowering, nectar secretion, and structure of the nectary in the flowers of Acer pseudoplatanus L.
Authors: Dmitruk Marta
Published: September 2019

Flowering and nectar release in Acer pseudoplatanus were investigated between 2011 and 2013. The micromorphology of the floral and nectary elements was observed using a scanning electron microscope and the anatomy of nectaries was examined by light microscopy. The inflorescence of the sycamore was found to contain flowers, which were functionally male or functionally female. The life-span of the former was on average 5 days, whereas the latter lived on average 4 days. Both types of A. pseudoplatanus flowers had yellow-green nectaries with a similar structure. The nectary tissue formed an elliptical or circular layer located on the receptacle surface between the petals and the pistil. The filament bases were located within the nectary recesses but were not fused with this organ. The nectary margins were slightly undulated. The outer diameter of the nectary was in 3.0–3.25 mm and the thickness of the nectary tissue was in the range of 532–1,023 μm. The nectary of the sycamore flower comprised a single layer of epidermal cells and several layers of secretory parenchyma cells. The average depth of epidermal cells was 16.8 μm. The stomata, which were involved in the secretion process, were arranged unevenly on the nectary surface and were surrounded by six–eight epidermal cells. Visible droplets of nectar accumulated on the nectary surface and thus they were easily accessible to insects. The average weight of nectar from 10 flowers was 16.54 mg (range: 11.0–23.75 mg) and the content of sugars in the nectar was found to be in the range of 23.5–50%, with an average of 37.3%. The calculated weight of sugars in the nectar from 10 flowers was on average 6.11 mg and so the average sugar yield from one sycamore tree was estimated to be 0.65 kg.
Traditional knowledge of wild edible plants in Hasankeyf (Batman Province, Turkey)
Authors: Yeşil Yeter , İnal İlyas
Published: September 2019

Hasankeyf is an ancient city located on the shores of the Tigris River in Batman Province, southeast Turkey. The town and some of its surrounding villages will be soon submerged, due to the construction of Ilısu Dam, which will force the residents to move to new settlements. The aim of the present study was to collect and record the traditional knowledge regarding the indigenous wild plants that will be submerged by this flooding. The study was carried out between March 2017 and April 2019. Interviews were conducted with 72 women and 53 men in the town center and 22 rural settlements, with a focus on the five villages that are due to be submerged. Information about a total of 86 wild edible plants belonging to 32 families was recorded. Interviewees reported that these were used as green vegetables (45 taxa), ripe fruits and seeds (25 taxa), seasoning and preservatives (16 taxa), beverages (nine taxa), and children’s snacks (seven taxa). In addition, the data were analyzed on the basis of the cultural importance index to determine the cultural significance of these wild edible plants and the informants’ knowledge about them. Culturally, the most significant species included Mentha longifolia, Polygonum cognatum, Rosa canina, Chenopodium album, Urtica dioica, Amaranthus retroflexus, and Malva neglecta. In addition, the data were compared with relevant data in the ethnobotanical literature of Turkey and its neighboring countries. Several uses mentioned here are documented here for the first time. Our research highlights the importance of wild edible plants in the daily lives of inhabitants and their potential for economic use. The present study also provides information for future archaeobotanical studies in this region.
Histórias do Ensino do Desenho
Authors:   Universidade Anhembi Morumbi - UAM, Barbosa Ana Mae
Published: September 2019

The Notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci,1 copilados e editados dos manuscritos originais por Jean Paul Richter são evidências cabais de que para Leonardo o desenho era fundamental em todas as suas múltiplas atividades. Contudo nos dias atuais há um desinteresse enorme por pesquisas que esclareçam a importância do desenho para profissionais projetistas, para o cotidiano das pessoas, para o desenvolvimento da cognição e na educação para as Artes, para o Design, para a Arquitetura. Até mesmo o desenho da criança tão estudado até a década de 80 tem sido esquecido. De Luquet (1913) a Claire Golumb (1992)3 muita pesquisa confiável foi produzida sobre a evolução do desenho livre da criança, mas o que se escreve e se vende hoje são meras receitas para aprender a desenhar, entre elas o livro Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain Workbook (1998)4.Os exercícios que Betty Edwards propõe neste livro produzem bons resultados por serem desinibidores da expressão, mas cientificamente nenhuma pesquisa demonstrou que realmente ativam o lado direito do cérebro.
Psycho-Cognitive Human Deprivation: The Essence and Main Aspects
Authors: Terletska Yuliana M.
Published: September 2019

The relevance of the research is due to the need to initialize the cognitive activity of the psyche, eliminate internal obstacles and full use of its resources as well as ensure the assimilation of knowledge and skills. The article aims to reveal the essence and main aspects of psycho-cognitive human deprivation. Psycho-energetic and energetic-psycho-functional approaches were used. Within the framework of these approaches, the cognitive sphere through Psy-programs ensures the selection of information, and it is processing, the formation of the new mental, its transmission and use. Also, methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison and grouping were used. The essence of psycho-cognitive human deprivation was revealed, which is the stagnation or destructive process of the cognitive sphere of the psyche caused by either under-development, social immaturity or destruction of certain parameters of cognitive processes or lack, absence or unreliability of knowledge; psycho-sensitive, abstract-mental and mnemonic derivations as subspecies of psycho-cognitive deprivation; some features of the operational and functional activity of the cognitive sphere of the psyche of a deprived person are found out. Revealing the essence of psycho-cognitive deprivation and the definition of its main aspects will allow to develop the measures aimed, first, at its elimination and prevention; second, the development of the cognitive sphere and the full use of its resources; third, development of psy-programs using the resources of the unconscious, subconscious, conscious and superconscious in order to search for the latest knowledge, discoveries and inventions.
Foster, B. R. (2016), The Age of Agade. Inventing empire in ancient Mesopotamia, Londres y Nueva York: Routledge, 438 págs.
Authors: Álvarez García Juan
Published: September 2019

Profesor de Asiriología en la Universidad de Yale, Benjamin R. Foster es un gran especialista en estudios sobre el Próximo Oriente antiguo. De entre sus líneas de investigación están la Historia, general, económica y social de Mesopotamia así como también sus estudios sobre literatura mesopotámica contando con trabajos como el galardonado Civilizations of Ancient Iraq (2010) o la obra Before the Muses (última edición de 2005), una antología de la literatura acadia ya considerada una obra clave en los estudios sobre historia intelectual del Próximo Oriente antiguo.En el presente trabajo, encuadrado en esa línea de investigación más centrada en los estudios históricos, la intención del autor es mostrar las características políticas sociales, económicas y culturales que se desarrollaron en la región de Mesopotamia durante el periodo de Akkad y por qué motivos este periodo fue visto como un referente a lo largo de la Historia posterior del Próximo Oriente durante la antigüedad.
Socio-economic disparities in the Baltic States: Analytical comparison and categorisation of the Regions
Authors: Kebza Martin , Nováček Aleš , Popjaková Dagmar
Published: September 2019

Although the Baltic states, comprising Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, situated on the historical boundary of Northern, Central and Eastern Europe, are very similar from the viewpoint of regional identity and development as well as history and geographical characteristics, they exhibit regional disparities. This analysis focuses on monitoring a statistical set of ten selected representative economic and social indicators at the level of the NUTS 3 regions using deviations from the median and cluster method. Based on the analysis, the regions were categorized into groups that have shown the major disparities and differences between the capitals’ regions and the rest of the countries.
Elite diversities in practice: The case of frequent flyers in the Czech Republic and Slovakia
Authors: Zuskáčová Veronika , Seidenglanz Daniel
Published: September 2019

Due to deregulation of air traffic flying has become increasingly accessible to masses of travellers on the growing low-cost market. Yet, a significant group of passengers seems to remain on the other side – the kinetic elites whose hypermobile lifestyles are performed in privileged spaces. The aim of this paper is to critically address the binary of elite and non-elite passengering and to demonstrate the evidence of a much wider spectrum of individual aeromobile experiences. We use the case study of frequent flyers in the Czech Republic and Slovakia to present the highly diverse practices of passengers usually labelled as elites.
Exploring the spatial concentration of foreign employment in Poland under the simplified procedure
Authors: Górny Agata , Śleszyński Przemysław
Published: September 2019

The unprecedented growth of immigration into Poland after 2013, especially from Ukraine, raises optimism among employers, and concerns among some social and political actors. The goal of this article is to contribute to that discussion, with a view to identifying a detailed geographical localisation of labour migrants employed under the simplified procedure (on the basis of employers’ declarations of a consent to employ a foreigner) – as an important legal channel by which the influx of foreign workers into Poland is taking place. Analyses of the register of declarations for 2012-2017 reveal a certain weakening of the geographical concentration of the foreign labour force in Poland. The highest intensity of foreign employment has been observed in rural areas, while the greatest numbers of declarations for work have been registered in large cities. The geographical distribution of the foreign labour force in Poland has been shaped by activities of employment agencies especially in recent years.
Entrepreneurial in-migration and rural development in Czechia: A challenge of integrating the local and extra-local in rural planning
Authors: Píša Jan , Hruška Vladan
Published: September 2019

Abstrakt: Despite the decreasing importance of farming for rural economies, diversification of farming activities is still perceived by the EU as one of the sources of new jobs in rural areas. However, as authors argue, there are more efficient ways for new job generation associated with entrepreneurial rural in-migration. Such migration movement brings new entrepreneurial skills, knowledge, and creativity to rural areas. By presenting the results of our interview survey with urban newcomers to peripheral rural areas of Czechia, we would like to draw attention to this alternative and under-researched way of rural development, especially in the Central and Eastern Europe. This article analyses the contribution of entrepreneurial in-migrants to local economies and examines new ways for better incorporation of rural entrepreneurial in-migration into rural development planning.
The Benefits and Burdens of Engaging in Argumentation: Trans*feminist Reflections
on Tuvel’s “In Defense of Transracialism”
Authors: Kapusta Stephanie
Published: September 2019

After considering some ways of assessing argumentation, I present an ethical
assessment of Tuvel's argument in her article “In Defense of Transracialism.” My
claim is that some transgender women engaging with Tuvel are exposed to certain
kinds of injustice associated with argumentational work, namely, disproportionate
burdens and risk of psychological harm.
Allegories of Gender: Transgender Autology versus Transracialism
Authors: Dutta Aniruddha
Published: September 2019

This article explores how race and gender become distinguished from each other in contemporary scholarly and activist debates on the comparison between transracialism and transgender identities. The article argues that transracial-transgender distinctions often reinforce divides between autological (self-determined) and genealogical (inherited) aspects of subjectivity and obscure the constitution of this division through modern technologies of power.
Métamorphose technologique et institutions financières
Authors: Lacoursière Marc , Tchotourian Ivan
Published: September 2019

Le développement des nouvelles technologies est la source d’une ère novatrice pour le milieu des services bancaires et financiers. Le cloisonnement traditionnel entre le monde commercial et le milieu financier s’effrite, des institutions financières et des entreprises commerciales (jeunes, dynamiques et innovantes) offrant des services inédits de paiement, de crédit et d’investissement aux consommateurs. L’encadrement juridique des institutions financières qui assurait une certaine protection au consommateur est remis en question sous l’influence des entreprises de technologies financières (FinTech). Cela pose de nombreux problèmes juridiques. D’une part, le régulateur canadien se montre ouvert à accepter cette forme de concurrence, tant pour le système bancaire ouvert que dans le domaine des paiements, tout en conservant à l’esprit de bien protéger les intérêts des consommateurs. D’autre part, l’envahissement de l’intelligence artificielle dans le domaine de l’investissement amène le juriste à réfléchir sur la pertinence de l’encadrement réglementaire du conseil financier, notamment lorsque l’humain se trouve remplacé par l’automate. Devant des enjeux considérables, le Canada doit définir un encadrement qui place le consommateur dans une position lui permettant de profiter des possibilités des entreprises de technologie financière sans se placer pour autant dans une position risquée.
What do we mean by the directions “cranial” and “caudal” on a vertebra?
Authors: Taylor Michael P , Wedel Matthew J
Published: September 2019

In illustrating vertebrae, it is important to consistently depict their orientation, so we can objectively assess and compare the slope of the neural arch, neural canal, or articular surfaces. However, differing vertebral shapes across taxa and across regions of the spinal column make it difficult to maintain consistency, or even define what we mean by the directions “cranial” and “caudal”. Consequently, characters such as “Neural arch slopes cranially 30° relative to the vertical” are disputable rather than objective measurements. Cranial and caudal are defined as directed along the horizontal axis, but several different notions of “horizontal” are possible:

1. Long axis of centrum is horizontal. This is appealing for elongate vertebrae such as sauropod cervicals, but is not always well defined, and is difficult to determine for craniocaudally short vertebrae such as most caudals.

2. Articular surfaces of centrum are vertical. Difficult to determine when dealing with facets that are concave or (worse) convex; and ambiguous for “keystoned” vertebrae in which the facets are not parallel.

3. Neural canal is horizontal. Anatomically informative, but difficult to determine in vertebrae that have not been fully prepared or CT-scanned, and impossible to see in lateral view. Ambiguous for vertebrae where the dorsal and ventral margins of the canal are not straight or not parallel.

4. Similarity in articulation (“horizontal” is defined as a line joining the same point on two similarly oriented copies of the same vertebra when optimally articulated). This is less intuitive than definitions 1–3, but takes the entire vertebra into account.

We advocate explicitly stating a definition and using it consistently. In most cases, definition 3 (“Neural canal is horizontal”) best reflects anatomical and developmental realities, and it is therefore preferred. Low-tech techniques can be used to determine neural canal orientation with adequate precision for most purposes.
Integrated sediment transport and provenance in Mesozoic environments: evidence from the Lower Jurassic, UK
Authors: Jiang Mengjie , Hesselbo Stephen , Ullmann Clemens
Published: September 2019

Mesozoic OAEs, which are well evidenced by the significant occurrence of black shale, multiple large isotopic anomalies, and global sea-level change, have been extensively studied in sedimentary successions in Europe that were laid down in shallow marine environments. Very good chemostratigraphic and biostratigraphic control for this region allows for high resolution, super-regional, correlation of successions and assessing potential causes and expressions of OAEs in these environments. However, the understanding of the sedimentary structures, lithologies, depositional processes and provenance has barely improved since these events were first identified on the basis of their organic carbon rich nature. For the purposes of the study of sediment provenance and transportation mechanisms during the Early Jurassic - which may also put constraints on the palaeogeography, hydrological cycle, and consequently weathering and runoff conditions - an integrated stratigraphic analysis of mudrock is being carried out on a major Early Jurassic succession, the Mochras borehole (Cardigan Bay Basin, UK). To obtain a comprehensive understanding of sediment provenance and how these different processes interacted to produce the various rocks, it is important to interrogate sedimentary features from the macro-scale (e.g. color, bed and lamina thickness, depositional structures) to the micro-scale (e.g. mineral composition, grain-size variability, diagenetic textures) which requires accurate and more detailed description of mudrock. Based on sequence stratigraphy, with the constraints of magnetostratigraphy, and combined with complementary geochemical data (e.g. XRF, C, O, Sr isotopes), a comprehensive dataset is currently being generated. In addition, data from a planned new borehole from the Cheshire Basin, at Prees, UK, recovering the lower part of the Jurassic, will provide a complementary sediment record. The detailed geochemical analysis of mineralogy and petrology of mudrocks from Pliensbachian will be presented.
Wave propagation in the biosonar organ of sperm whales using a finite difference time domain method
Authors: Ferrari Maxence , Marxer Ricard , Asch Mark , Glotin Hervé
Published: September 2019

The bio-sonar of sperm whales presents many specific characteristics, such as its size, its loudness or its vocalization abilities. Furthermore it fulfills several roles in their foraging and social behaviour. However our knowledge about its operation remains limited to the main acoustic path that the emitted pulse may take. We still ignore the precise mechanisms that shape the wave and on which parts the sperm whale is able to act. In this paper, we describe a technique to simulate sperm whale click generation from a physical perspective. Such an approach aims at unveiling the processes involved in their vocal production, as a stepping stone towards a better understanding of their interaction with peers and the environment.
Leveraging eDNA to detect and monitor hybrid zones
Authors: Stewart Kathryn , Taylor Scott A.
Published: September 2019

Hybrid zones are important windows into evolutionary processes and our understanding of their significance and prevalence in nature has expanded quickly. Yet most hybridization research has restricted temporal and spatial resolution, limiting our ability to draw broad conclusions about evolutionary and conservation related outcomes. Here, we argue rapidly advancing environmental DNA (eDNA) methodology should be adopted for studies of hybrid zones to increase temporal sampling (contemporary and historical), to refine and geographically expand sampling density, and to collect data for taxa that are difficult to directly sample. Genomic data in the environment offer the potential for near real-time biological tracking and eDNA provides broad, as yet untapped potential to address eco-evolutionary questions.