bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accessing a Long‐Fluorescence‐Lifetime BODIPY Dye via Efficient Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Induced by Host‐Guest Doping
Authors: Cai Lian‐Jun , Wang Xiang , Zong Qian‐Shou , Jiang Xin‐Peng , Hu Hai‐Yu
Published: August 2023

The development of pure organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) luminophores with high quantum yield and long emission lifetime has attracted considerable attention due to their extensive optoelectronic and biomedical applications. The commonly used BODIPY dyes have strong UV‐Vis absorption, a relatively sharp emission peak, high quantum yield, and a short emission lifetime. By expending the molecular doping approach, we herein successfully achieved a long‐fluorescence‐lifetime BODIPY dye via efficient Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from RTP molecule o‐AI‐Cz to the short‐lived fluorescence emitter Bodipy‐2I. This host‐guest material possessed an ultralong lifetime of up to 595 ms and a long emission wavelength under ambient conditions, which has great potential in data encryption and anti‐counterfeiting applications. Moreover, this easily prepared FRET system exhibited an efficient response to two‐photon excitation in living cell fluorescence imaging.
The association between psoriasis and suicide
Authors: Ghani Hira , Tan Isabella J. , Abramowitz Chiya , Meledathu Shannon , Jafferany Mohammad , Vasile Gabriella , Stamu‐O'Brien Caroline
Published: August 2023

Introduction

The pathophysiology of psoriasis and suicide has yet to be fully understood. This article explores the role of cytokines and psychoneuroimmunology in these diseases and describes the role of psychological assessment in psoriasis patients.

Data Sources

A serach of literature was performed using the MEDLINE search engine and Google Scholar. English language articles were identified using the following serach terms: psoriasis and depression, psoriasis and suicide, self harm behaviors, inflammatory cytokines.

Results

Several observations and studies suggest that there is an underlying pathophysiological link between psoriasis and depression marked by elevated pro‐inflammatory markers. Research data indicate complex interactions between inflammation and cytokines. Immunomodulating drugs have anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulating effects. Preliminary clinical studies show that these agents may be beneficial in psoriasis and suicide, but their therapeutic value should be studied further.

Conclusion

Psychological assessment is an important step in screening, diagnosing, and managing depression leading to suicidal behavior in psoriasis patients.
Material assembly by droplet drying: From mechanics theories to applications
Authors: Chen Ziyu , Peng Kangyi , Xu Baoxing
Published: August 2023

Evaporation of droplets composed of insoluble materials provides a low‐cost and facile route for assembling materials and structures in a wide spectrum of functionalities down to the nanoscale and also serves as a basis for innovating ink‐solution‐based future manufacturing technologies. This review summarizes the fundamental mechanics theories of material assembly by droplet drying both on solid and liquid substrates and in a fully suspended air environment. The evolution of assembly patterns, material deformation, and liquid flow during droplet drying and its response to external stimuli ranging from solution surfactant and pH value, surface geometric pattern and wettability, drying temperature, pressure environment, to electrical field have been highlighted to elucidate the coupling mechanisms between solid materials and liquid solutions and the manipulation strategies for material assembly through an either active or passive means. The recent progresses in ink‐based printing technologies with selected examples are also presented to illustrate the immediate applications of droplet drying, with a focus on printing electronic sensors and biomedical devices. The remaining challenges and emerging opportunities are discussed.
Gas‐Quenching Approach for Fabricating Cs2AgBiBr6 Thin Films in Ambient Environment for Lead‐Free All‐Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells with Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Öcebe Arzu , Deveci Hüseyin , Kaya İsmail Cihan
Published: August 2023

Herein, Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite films, which is considered one of the alternative materials to organic–inorganic Pb‐based perovskites in terms of toxicity and stability, are fabricated by gas‐quenching approach in ambient environment for the first time. Moreover, the study examines the effect of gas flowing rate on the solvent evaporation rate, crystallinity, morphology, and optical properties of the perovskite. The results indicate that the duration of color change from transparent to shiny yellow during gas quenching of Cs2AgBiBr6 films is influenced by the gas flowing rate, and this parameter has a notable impact on the properties of the films. In addition, incorporation of the gas‐quenched Cs2AgBiBr6 thin films in perovskite solar cells leads to 1.47% power conversion efficiency with open‐circuit voltage of 1.04 V, short‐circuit current density of 2.11 mA cm−2, and fill factor of 67.4%. Overall, this study provides a new approach to fabricate Cs2AgBiBr6 thin films in ambient atmosphere for potential optoelectronic applications.
Thermal analysis of the influence of harmonics on the current capacity of medium‐voltage underground power cables
Authors: Gouda Osama E. , El Dein Adel Z. , Tag‐Eldin Elsayed , Lehtonen Matti , Darwish Mohamed M. F.
Published: August 2023

In this article, an algorithm is proposed and used to study the influence of harmonics on the behavior of medium‐voltage underground cables in flat formation. The proposed algorithm is a thermal model based on the heat equilibrium of the thermal circuit nodes of the medium‐voltage cable system. The impact of harmonics on the temperature rise of the cable elements and the cable capacity is evaluated in this article. Also, the impact of harmonics on the derating factors of cable for different soil types is presented. Finally, the measurement of temperatures of cable cores is carried out experimentally and compared with the calculated results to validate the proposed algorithm. One of the algorithm merits is that several harmonic percentages can be taken into account for each cable phase individually, and the heat exchange between the cable phases and their sheath is also taken into consideration. From the obtained results, it is illustrated that the presence of harmonics has a remarkable influence on the cable core temperature; mainly, harmonics of the third and fifth orders may lead to dry zone formation around the cable. It is also observed that the presence of harmonics has an important influence on the cable current, especially when it is buried in soil that has high thermal resistivity during the summer season (suction tension = ∞). In summer, the cable core temperature reached 152.162°C, 139.053°C, and 133.375°C when lime, sand, and silty sand, respectively, are used as backfill materials, rather than 90°C in the normal operating condition of the 11 kV three‐phase single‐core cable. It is observed also that with the increase of the soil thermal resistivity, the ratio of /) reached about 1.2 times at 2.5 K m/W soil thermal resistivity. In addition, it is also observed that the impact of harmonics leads to a percentage reduction in the derating factor of the cable center phase by 11.88%–12.37% depending on the composition of the backfill materials.
Microgrid‐based parallel‐operated voltage‐source inverters: Stability analysis and enhancement in presence of active loads
Authors: Khalooei Ali , Rahimi Mohsen
Published: August 2023

This paper deals with the stability analysis and enhancement in the AC‐microgrid system comprising parallel‐operated voltage‐source inverters (VSIs) supplying an active‐load. The active‐load behaves such as a constant power load from the AC‐side. In the paper, two models for the active‐load modeling in the AC microgrid are considered: (i) simple model in which the active‐load is modeled as an ideal current source, (ii) detailed model in which all dynamics of the active‐load converter and related controllers are taken into account. The main findings and contribution of this paper are as follows. (a) All linearized state equations of the study system are extracted and transferred into a unified common dq‐reference frame, and then, small‐signal stability of the study system is carried out in the common reference frame by using the simple and detailed models of the active‐load. (b) It is shown that the simple model of the active‐load, as a current source, leads to more pessimistic results in comparison to the active‐load detailed model. (c) Impacts of the active‐load power and bandwidth of the active‐load voltage control loop on the system stability are examined. (d) Control of the generation‐side VSIs is modified and a stabilizing approach, called generation‐side virtual capacitor, is proposed for stabilizing the system under high active‐load penetration. Next, modal analysis and time‐domain simulations are used to investigate the study system responses with and without the proposed stabilizing approach.
{NCIFD} — An Internal R Package for a Fisheries Agency
Authors: Wheeler A Powell , Rachels Kyle T , Dockendorf Kevin J
Published: August 2023

We developed an R package for the Inland Fisheries Division of the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission to help team members share R functions and data sets. The {NCIFD} package stores several functions that were developed for agency research, including cleanBIODE(), which cleans query results from a database of standardized fish samples and imports the data into an R session. In addition, {NCIFD} stores a variety of data sets including observations from ongoing research projects, hatchery records, and administrative information. Stored in a package, data sets are instantly available for exploration and analysis in an R session, can share a common naming convention, and retain their metadata. Although developing an R package requires effort, we believe it is a useful tool that other fisheries agencies should encourage interested staff to explore. We share advice to help others get started while avoiding some missteps we encountered.
Grain yield stability analysis using parametric and nonparametric statistics in oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes in Ethiopia
Authors: Kebede Gezahagn , Worku Walelign , Jifar Habte , Feyissa Fekede
Published: August 2023

Background

The performance of oat genotypes differs across environments due to variations in biotic and abiotic factors. Thus, evaluation of oat genotypes across diverse environments is very important to identify superior and stable genotypes for yield improvement.

Methods

The study aimed to assess the interaction (genotype‐by‐environment interaction; GEI) effect and determine the stability of grain yield in oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes in Ethiopia using parametric and nonparametric stability statistics. Twenty‐four oat genotypes were evaluated in nine environments using a randomized complete block design replicated three times.

Results

The pooled analysis of the variance of grain yield showed significant variations among genotypes, environments, and their interaction effects. Significant GEI revealed the rank order change of genotypes across environments. The environment main effect captured 44.62% of the total grain yield variance, while genotype and GEI effects explained 28.84% and 26.54% of the total grain yield variance, respectively. The grain yield stability was assessed based on 12 parametric and two nonparametric stability statistics. The results indicated that genotypes with superior grain yield‐ showed stable performance on the basis of the stability parameters of the genotypic superiority index (Pi), the Perkins and Jinks adjusted linear regression coefficient (Bi), and the yield stability index (YSI), indicating that selection using these stability parameters would be efficient for grain yield enhancement in oat genotypes. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients also showed that the stability parameters of Pi, Bi, and YSI had a significant positive association with grain yield. However, grain yield had an inverse correlation with the stability parameters of standard deviation, deviation from regression , the Hernandez desirability index (Dji), Wricke ecovalence (Wi), the Shukla stability variance (σi2), the AMMI stability value (ASV), and environmental variance , indicating that oat genotype selection using these stability parameters would not be efficient for yield enhancement because these stability parameters favor low‐yielding genotypes more, compared to high‐yielding ones.

Conclusions

Therefore, G5, G8, G11, G12, G14, G16, G17, G19, and G22 genotypes were adaptable in all nine environments based on stability parameters of Pi, Bi, and YSI, and selection of these superior genotypes would improve grain yield in oat genotypes. However, the validity of this result should be confirmed by repeating the experiment in the same environments over two or more years.
When do investors see value in international environmental management certification of multinational corporations? A study of ISO 14001 certification after the Paris Agreement
Authors: Margaret Irene , Schoubben Frederiek , Verwaal Ernst
Published: August 2023

Research Summary

Despite the prominence of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14001 certification as a global strategy instrument, there is persistent doubt about its effectiveness as a value‐generating tool, especially for multinational corporations (MNCs). This study draws on institutional theory to explain the varying market valuations of international environmental management certification following a strongly binding multilateral environmental agreement. We submit that ISO 14001 certification increases the market value of MNCs more strongly following the institutional pressures exerted by the strongly binding Paris Agreement. This effect varies due to institutional country‐of‐origin effects and exposure to host countries with stringent environmental regulations. We provide empirical support using a difference‐in‐differences analysis of 3193 MNCs from 60 countries with pledged commitments to emission reductions in the Paris Agreement.

Managerial Summary

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14001 has been recognized as pivotal for achieving sustainable development goals. Nevertheless, managers continue to seek financial justifications for adopting this prominent global standard. Our study shows that ISO 14001 increases the market value of multinational corporations (MNCs) more strongly following the binding Paris Agreement, as the global standard reassures investors about corporate alignment with global climate goals. Although the financial impact of ISO 14001 appears to be greater for MNCs from emerging economies, owing to the lower expectations associated with institutional quality in emerging economies, investors correct the (economic) evaluation of ISO‐certified MNCs according to their exposure to host countries with stringent environmental regulations. These findings inform managers of the importance of aligning corporate sustainability with geographical diversification strategies.
COVID‐19 retreats and world recovers: A silver lining in the dark cloud
Authors: Bisen Amol Chhatrapati , Agrawal Sristi , Sanap Sachin Nashik , Ravi Kumar Heamanth Ganesan , Kumar Nelam , Gupta Rajdeep , Bhatta Rabi Sankar
Published: August 2023

The coronavirus disease (COVID‐19), which the World Health Organization classified as the Sixth Public Health Emergency Of International Concern (PHEIC) on January 30, 2020, is no longer a PHEIC. Millions were affected due to unawareness. The increase in fatalities and shortage of medicine was the first outrage of COVID‐19. As per the Johns Hopkins COVID‐19 resource center database, it was observed that the disease has spread dynamically across 200+ nations worldwide affecting more than 600 million people from 2019 to 2023, and over thousands of people were victimized regularly at a 2% mortality rate (approx.). In the midway, the mutant variants of concern like omicron, and delta have also created havoc and caused significant impact on public health, global economy, and lifestyle. Since 2019, 3 years now passed and the dynamic disease statistics seem decelerated; moreover, the prevalence of COVID‐19 is also fading. The Johns Hopkins resource center has also stopped recording the data of the global pandemic recently from March 10, 2023. Hence, based on the facts, we are presenting a concise report on the pandemic from 2019 to 2023, which includes a brief discussion of the global pandemic. We have highlighted global epidemiology, emphasizing the Indian COVID scenario, vaccination across the globe, and the psychosocial and geopolitical consequences of COVID‐19 with a brief background to pathology, clinical management, and the worldwide response against triage. A lot has changed and still needs to change after three tough years of COVID‐19. Even though science has progressed and advanced research in medicine is pointing toward future generations, there is no standard care supplied for COVID‐19‐like calamities. COVID‐19 cases might have declined but its influence on the society is still stagnant. This COVID experience has taught us that, despite our bleak beginnings, there is always hope for the future and that we must act with foresight to improve things for future generations.
A sociotechnical systems analysis of aircraft aerodynamic stall events
Authors: Sturgess Erinn , Parnell Katie J. , Wynne Rachael A. , Plant Katherine L.
Published: August 2023

In 2009, Colgan Air Flight 3407 had a fatal crash in New York due to an aircraft aerodynamic stall. Previous reports had placed the actions of the crew as the cause of the incident; however, this work provides a sociotechnical systems analysis of the events that led up to the fatal accident. An Accimap analysis provides a top‐down systemic analysis of Flight 3407, considering the high‐level governmental and regulatory agencies involvement. An online survey with 47 airline pilots provides a bottom‐up review of pilots’ perceptions and decision‐making in response to aerodynamic stall events. Combining the two approaches generates a holistic approach to managing aerodynamic stall events. Analysis of Flight 3407 identified contributory factors within the higher regulatory and company levels. Furthermore, questions of appropriate training were raised by the pilots within the survey results regarding the immediate response to a stall event which commonly affords a startle and/or surprise response. The impact of “startle and surprise” on the pilots’ response to this situation was identified as a key area to focus on, with design and training recommendations provided. We consider these within the context of recent training recommendations in the industry.
Effects of N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine polysulfides on periodontitis in a mouse model
Authors: Sun Xinxin , Sun Yaru , Cao Sumin , Liu Xueli
Published: August 2023

Background

Polysulfides are reported to be involved in various important biological processes. N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine polysulfide with 2 sulfane sulfur atoms (NAC‐S2) regulates diverse toll‐like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways. Here, we aimed to determine the role of NAC‐S2 in periodontitis and explore the potential mechanism.

Methods

A periodontitis mouse model was established by ligating the subgingival between the first and second molars in wild‐type, TLR4‐/‐, and Myd88‐/‐ mice.

Results

NAC‐S2 did not affect the proportion of macrophages (CD11b+F4/80+) or neutrophils (CD11b+GR‐1+) in the bone marrow. Mechanically, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), Zymosan A, or poly I: C induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)‐6, and IL‐1β expression in bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) could be inhibited by NAC‐S2. On the other hand, NAC‐S2 suppressed the phosphorylation levels of IκB‐α, p65, and IκB kinase (IKK)‐β induced by LPS in BMDMs, while LPS induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38, and transforming growth factor β‐activated kinase 1 (TAK1) could not be affected by NAC‐S2. In wild‐type periodontitis mice, NAC‐S2 administration decreased the cemento‐enamel‐junction–alveolar bone crest (CEJ‐ABC) distance and the relative mRNA expression of TNF, IL‐6, and IL‐1β, while such phenomena could not be observed in TLR4 deficiency or Myd88 deficiency mice.

Conclusions

All of these results indicate that NAC‐S2 ameliorates TLR4/NF‐κB pathway mediated inflammation in mouse periodontitis model.
The correlation between human papillomavirus and oral lichen planus: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Agha‐Hosseini Farzaneh , Hafezi Motlagh Kimia
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with cell‐induced immunopathological responses and is considered a potential malignancy disorder in the oral cavity. Due to the high prevalence of OLP as well as the potential for malignancy, human papillomaviruses (HPVs) may play an important role in it. Although previous studies have explored the possible relationship between HPV and OLP, the findings have been conflicting and nonconclusive. This study aims to review the studies that investigated HPV‐16 and HPV‐18 in OLP.

Methods and Materials

The research protocol followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA2020) checklist. The online databases Pubmed, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane were searched using the following individual keywords: “OLP” OR “Oral Lichen Planus” OR “HPV” OR “Human Papillomavirus.” The search strategy resulted in the selection of 80 articles. The articles were evaluated, and after duplication removal, 53 abstracts were reviewed, resulting in the selection of 25 studies according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The risk of bias assessment was done by using the Modified Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment scale. The overall prevalence of HPV in OLP lesions varied from 2.7% to 70%, depending on the type of diagnostic method used.

Conclusion

Despite the studies conducted on the relationship between OLP and HPV infection, there is still no conclusive evidence that HPV can play a role in the etiopathogenesis of OLP, either in clinical manifestations or in the malignant transformation of lesions.
Improvement of neurological recovery in the insomnia rats by Warming Yang Strategy through targeting SIRT4 by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Rao Kaihua , Li Zhengfeng , Huang Chunhua
Published: August 2023

The incidence rate of insomnia is increasing, but the mechanism of it remains unclear. Warming Yang Strategy (WY) is a kind of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and it is proved to be effective in treating insomnia patients. The insomnia animal was established with chlorophenylalanine (PCPA). Morris water maze and open field test were performed to evaluate the influence of WY on the neurological recovery of insomnia rats. TUNEL staining and flow cytometry were used to measure apoptosis level. WY promoted the neurological recovery in the insomnia rats through Morris water maze and open field test evaluation. The increase of γ‐aminobutyric acid, dopamine, 5‐hydroxytryptamine, and norepinephrine caused by WY was suppressed by siSIRT4. The decrease of apoptosis and inflammation factors expression induced by WY was promoted by siRNA‐SIRT4 (siSIRT4). WY improve neurological recovery in the insomnia rats through SIRT4 by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis. This research might provide a novel insight for the prevention and treatment of insomnia through targeting SIRT4.
How does monetary policy moderate the influence of economic complexity and technological innovation on environmental sustainability? The role of green central banking
Authors: Ahmad Munir , Satrovic Elma
Published: August 2023

The debate on whether central banks should consider climate change risks in their mandate could reach some informed consensus given it is explicit how monetary policy, directly and indirectly, interacts with environmental sustainability. To unriddle this issue, we touch upon a novel perspective by exploring how monetary policy moderates the influence of economic complexity and technological innovation on energy productivity and carbon productivity in the presence of the labour force participation ratio, trade openness, financial inclusion, and GDP. Our study builds upon the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) structure, considering the Group of Seven (G7) countries as the analytical laboratory over the 1995–2019 period. The principal outcomes based on the novel Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR) are as follows: A higher level of economic complexity is associated with enhanced environmental sustainability. In addition, technological innovation is beneficial to environmental sustainability, especially across countries reporting moderate levels of environmental sustainability. Considering the direct impact, contractionary monetary policy deteriorates environmental sustainability, while expansionary monetary policy promotes it for green central banking in place. Regarding the moderating impacts, expansionary monetary policy is unveiled to manifest beneficial environmental impacts of economic complexity and technological innovation, provided that inflationary pressures remain under control. Based on our findings, it is recommended to formulate a monetary policy inclusive of climate‐related risks to capitalize on the environmentally favourable impacts of economic complexity and technological innovation. Finally, the monetary expansions keeping the inflationary pressures under control would benefit environmental sustainability.
Retinal vessel segmentation to diagnose diabetic retinopathy using fundus images: A survey
Authors: Radha K. , Karuna Yepuganti
Published: August 2023

Diabetes can cause damage to the retina's blood vessels in the eye leading to diabetic retinopathy (DR). The images captured using a fundus camera are used to segment and study the blood vessel damage. Once the retina is damaged, it cannot be repaired. Therefore, early detection of blood vessel damage is the only way to control the progression of the disease. It allows physicians to provide timely and appropriate treatment to patients. The ophthalmologist can manually recognize and mark these vessels based on some clinical and geometrical features; however, it is time‐consuming. Extraction and segmentation play a significant role in showing the difference between healthy and newly developed abnormal vessels. Due to the increased diabetes population, automated systems have been designed to detect retinal blood vessels and assist ophthalmologists. Identifying, extracting, and examining blood vessels are intricate processes, specifically identifying new vessels in the retina. In medical image analysis, artificial intelligence and deep learning techniques have become widely used practices for automatic retinal blood vessel segmentation. We reviewed articles from 1989 to 2023, including handcrafted segmentation to recent deep‐learning techniques with available public datasets. We have concluded this article with an overview of observed parameters, calculations, and future directions for the analysis of retinal images. We believe this review article will help researchers identify research gaps in the field of DR.
Depth‐resolved method for attenuation coefficient calculation from optical coherence tomography data for improved biological structure visualization
Authors: Moiseev Alexander , Sherstnev Evgeny , Kiseleva Elena , Achkasova Ksenia , Potapov Arseniy , Yashin Konstantin , Sirotkina Marina , Gelikonov Grigory , Matkivsky Vasily , Shilyagin Pavel , Ksenofontov Sergey , Bederina Evgenia , Medyanik Igor , Zagaynova Elena , Gladkova Natalia
Published: August 2023

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a promising tool for intraoperative tissue morphology determination. Several studies suggest that attenuation coefficient derived from the OCT images, can differentiate between tissues of different morphology, such as normal and pathological structures of the brain, skin, and other tissues. In the present study, the depth‐resolved method for attenuation coefficient calculation was adopted for the real‐world situation of the depth‐dependent OCT sensitivity and additive imaging noise with nonzero mean. It was shown that in the case of sharp focusing (~10 μm spot full width at half maximum [FWHM] or smaller at 1.3 μm central wavelength) only the proposed method for depth‐dependent sensitivity compensation does not introduce misleading artifacts into the calculated attenuation coefficient distribution. At the same time, the scanning beam focus spot with FWHM greater than 10 μm at 1.3 μm central wavelength allows one to use multiple approaches to the attenuation coefficient calculation without introducing noticeable bias. This feature may hinder the need for robust corrections for the depth‐resolved attenuation coefficient estimations from the community.
Site‐selective heterodimerization of antibody fragments for bispecific antibody complexes enabled by divinylpyrimidine reagent
Authors: Lo Wen‐Cheng , Kawade Sachin Kisan , Kuo Wen‐Hua , Adak Avijit K. , Lin Chun‐Cheng
Published: August 2023

Background

Bispecific Abs (BsAbs) are useful class of Ab‐based drugs but with difficulty to fabricate them.

Aims

Cross‐linking two Abs by click chemistry.

Materials & Methods

Bis‐alkynylated divinylpyrimidine (DVP) was synthesized and incorporated into an Ab, which was then cross‐linked with azido‐modified Ab to produce BsAb.

Results

The heterodimeric anti‐PD‐L1‐HER2 BsAbC was prepared by CuAAC and its formation was confirmed by SDS‐PAGE. BsAbC was purified by biotinylated HER2 antigen coated magnetic bead and was used to fabricate a microarray. In the microarray binding assay, the heterodimeric anti‐PD‐L1‐HER2 BsAbC showed binding activity with PD‐L1 and HER2 antigens.

Discussion

This study represents the first proof‐of‐concept that bis‐alkynylated DVP crosslinker reagent can be used for conjugating half‐antibody fragments site‐selectively by CuAAC. A preliminary characterization revealed that this reagent predominantly incorporates a bioorthogonal functional handle into the desired half‐antibody fragments with minor amounts of a re‐bridged full‐length antibody.

Conclusion

This study highlights the utility of DVP crosslinker reagents and validates the use of these molecules for the rapid assembly of switchable complex antibody bioconjugates that enables the control of the intended function of fabricated BsAbC.
Investigation of the effects of some pesticides on carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes
Authors: Baltacı Aybike , Cıkrıkcı Kubra , Gençer Nahit
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of some pesticides known to have harmful effects on human health on carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes. Therefore, carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes (hCA I and II) were purified from human erythrocytes. The isoenzymes were purified from human erythrocytes by using an affinity column that has the chemical structure of Sepharose‐4B‐4‐(6‐amino‐hexyloxy)‐benzenesulfonamide. The purity of the isoenzymes was checked by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDSPAGE). It was determined that the pesticides used in this study inhibit hCA I and hCA II isoenzymes at different levels in vitro. It was determined that the strongest inhibitor for the hCA I enzyme was Carbofuran (IC50:6.52 μM; Ki: 3.58 μM) and the weakest one was 1‐Naphtol (IC50:16.55 μM; Ki: 14.4 μM) among these pesticides. It was also found that the strongest inhibitor for the hCA II enzyme was coumatetralil (IC50:5.06 μM; Ki: 1.62 μM) and the weakest one was Dimethachlor (IC50 14.6 μM; Ki: 8.44 μM).
Self‐assembled multienzyme complex facilitates synthesis of glucosylglycerol from maltodextrin and glycerol
Authors: Sun Xinming , Zhang Tong , Liu Yinlu , Chen Peng , Qin Huimin , Yang Jiangang , Sun Yuanxia
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

Compound 2‐O‐α‐d‐glucosylglycerol (2αGG) naturally serves as a compatible osmolyte in acclimation to environmental stresses, such as high osmolarity, dryness, and extreme temperature. It presents several bioactivities and has been used in the food, agriculture, and cosmetics areas.

RESULTS

In the present study, we attempted to synthesize the 2αGG from low‐cost maltodextrin and glycerol by constructing an in vitro multi‐enzyme system. The system contained two core enzymes, namely glucan phosphorylases (GPs) and glucosylglycerol phosphorylases (GGPs), and two auxiliary enzymes, namely isoamylase and 4‐α‐glucanotransferase. Several new GGPs from different organisms were characterized with the function of converting α‐G1P and glycerol to sole stereo‐configuration product 2αGG. Then, polypeptide SpyTag‐SpyCatcher was employed to construct a self‐assembled multienzyme complex, and different combinations between enzymes and peptides were constructed and tested. The best self‐assembled multienzyme complex exhibited three‐fold higher productivity compared to that of free enzyme. This reaction system also produced 240 mm (61 g L−1) 2αGG under high substrate concentration, with a conversion yield of 86%.

CONCLUSION

The present study provides an efficient approach for producing 2αGG. It also demonstrates that the SpyTag‐SpyCatcher system could be applied to construct other multienzyme complexes for increased productivity and product titer. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effects of quercetin and genistein on egg quality, lipid profiles, and immunity in laying hens
Authors: Wei Yi , Liu Yongfa , Li Guang , Guo Yuming , Zhang Bingkun
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

After the peak laying stage, laying hens become susceptible to lipid accumulation and inflammatory reactions. The objective of this experiment was to examine the impact of quercetin and genistein on egg quality and lipid profiles in laying hens. A total of 240 Hy‐Line Brown hens were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments. Each treatment had eight replicates, with ten hens in each replicate, and the hens were aged between 46 and 56 weeks. The test diets consisted of a corn–soybean meal‐based basal diet, a basal diet supplemented with 300 mg kg−1 quercetin, and a basal diet supplemented with 300 mg kg−1 quercetin and 40 mg kg−1 genistein.

RESULTS

Results showed that, separately, supplemental quercetin significantly improved egg quality (eggshell strength, albumen height, and Haugh unit, P < 0.05) and reduced the deposition of abdominal fat (P < 0.05). Our findings also showed that, separately or as a combination, supplemental quercetin and genistein significantly increased eggshell thickness (P < 0.05), decreased the levels of lipids in serum (low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, total triglycerides, and non‐esterified fatty acids, P < 0.05) and significantly increased serum immunoglobulins A and G (P < 0.05), and promoted the expression of splenic immune‐related genes (IgA and IL‐4, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

This study confirmed that supplemental quercetin and genistein, either separately or in combination, can enhance eggshell thickness, lipid profiles, and immune function in aging hens. Moreover, both quercetin alone and quercetin + genistein exhibited similar abilities to lower lipid levels and improve immune function. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Land pressure evaluation in the Yangtze River Delta region: A perspective from production‐living‐ecology
Authors: Yu Ziqi , Chen Longqian , Zhang Ting , Li Long , Yuan Lina , Teng Gan , Xiao Jue , Shi Shuai , Chen Longgao
Published: August 2023

The limited land is under unprecedented pressure from production, living, and ecology. For evaluating the land pressure in the Yangtze River Delta region in 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 from the perspective of production, living, and ecology, this study builds a land pressure evaluation index system based on a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model using multisource and multiscale data. For investigating trade‐offs and synergies among production, living, and ecology pressures, we use the mechanical equilibrium model in physics. We then analyze land pressure model reliability and uncertainty using Monte Carlo simulations. The results show that (1) Our model can effectively reveal the level of land pressure and reflect the land pressure geographical pattern of “high in the east and low in the west, high in the south and low in the north” that characterizes the Yangtze River Delta region. (2) While living and ecology pressures tend to rise, production pressures tend to decrease. (3) Except for Shanghai, the trade‐off areas are primarily concentrated in economically successful regions with high production and living pressure and low ecology pressure. The coordinated areas are primarily found in northern Jiangsu Province and northern Anhui Province.
Causality between COVID‐19 and female reproductive function: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhang Bowen , Xu Jixue , Liang Junzhi , Hao Mingjun , Yu Yuexin , Wei Jingzan , Fang Yuanyuan , Na Zhijing , Li Da
Published: August 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has experienced a global pandemic, and currently, the emergence of its variants has posed challenges in terms of prevention and treatment. Nonetheless, the effect of COVID‐19 infection on female reproductive function is unclear. This study aimed to systematically evaluate for the first time the causal effect of COVID‐19 on female reproductive function. Genetic correlations were assessed using linkage disequilibrium score regression. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed using summary statistics of two variables, including COVID‐19 severity and eight female reproductive traits. The three degrees of severity had genetically significant associations with sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations (rg = –0.153, p = 0.004; rg = –0.187, p < 0.001; rg = –0.180, p = 0.003). Additionally, MR showed that SHBG (β = –0.020, p = 0.040) and total testosterone levels (β = –0.061, p = 0.009) followed a decreasing trend, as the COVID‐19 infection higher. No significant genetic association was found between COVID‐19 infection and total estradiol concentrations, menstruation, and female infertility. Simultaneously, MR found no causal relationships between COVID‐19 infection and total estradiol concentrations, menstruation, and female infertility (all p > 0.05). In conclusion, COVID‐19 was causally associated with lower SHBG and total testosterone concentrations, offering invaluable insights that will help guide clinical decision‐making.
Interleukin‐6 is not involved in appetite regulation following moderate‐intensity exercise in males with normal weight and obesity
Authors: Bornath Derek P. D. , McKie Greg L. , McCarthy Seth F. , Vanderheyden Luke W. , Howe Greg J. , Medeiros Philip J. , Hazell Tom J.
Published: August 2023

Objective

In obesogenic states and after exercise, interleukin (IL)‐6 elevations are established, and IL‐6 is speculated to be an appetite‐regulating mechanism. This study examined the role of IL‐6 on exercise‐induced appetite regulation in sedentary normal weight (NW) males and those with obesity (OB).

Methods

Nine NW participants and eight participants with OB completed one non‐exercise control (CTRL) and one moderate‐intensity continuous training (MICT; 60 minutes, 65% V̇O2max) session. IL‐6, acylated ghrelin, active peptide tyrosine‐tyrosine3‐36, active glucagon‐like peptide‐1, and overall appetite perceptions were measured fasted, pre exercise, and 30, 90, and 150 minutes post exercise.

Results

Fasted IL‐6 concentrations were elevated in OB (p = 0.005,  = 0.419); however, increases following exercise were similar between groups (p = 0.934,  = 0.000). Acylated ghrelin was lower in OB versus NW (p < 0.017, d > 0.84), and OB did not respond to MICT (p > 0.512, d < 0.44) although NW had a decrease versus CTRL (p < 0.034, d > 0.61). IL‐6 did not moderate/mediate acylated ghrelin release after exercise (p > 0.251). There were no observable effects of MICT on tyrosine‐tyrosine3‐36, glucagon‐like peptide‐1, or overall appetite (p > 0.334,  < 0.062).

Conclusions

These results suggest that IL‐6 is not involved in exercise‐induced appetite suppression. Despite blunted appetite‐regulatory peptide responses to MICT in participants with OB, NW participants exhibited decreased acylated ghrelin; however, no differences in appetite perceptions existed between CTRL and MICT or NW and OB.
Escape from senescence: molecular basis and therapeutic ramifications
Authors: Evangelou Konstantinos , Belogiannis Konstantinos , Papaspyropoulos Angelos , Petty Russell , Gorgoulis Vassilis G
Published: August 2023

Cellular senescence constitutes a stress response mechanism in reaction to a plethora of stimuli. Senescent cells exhibit cell‐cycle arrest and altered function. While cell‐cycle withdrawal has been perceived as permanent, recent evidence in cancer research introduced the so‐called escape‐from‐senescence concept. In particular, under certain conditions, senescent cells may resume proliferation, acquiring highly aggressive features. As such, they have been associated with tumour relapse, rendering senescence less effective in inhibiting cancer progression. Thus, conventional cancer treatments, incapable of eliminating senescence, may benefit if revisited to include senolytic agents. To this end, it is anticipated that the assessment of the senescence burden in everyday clinical material by pathologists will play a crucial role in the near future, laying the foundation for more personalised approaches. Here, we provide an overview of the investigations that introduced the escape‐from‐senescence phenomenon, the identified mechanisms, as well as the major implications for pathology and therapy. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
A facile method to fabricate multifunctional polyvinyl alcohol mineralized hydrogels with high strength and adaptable shape
Authors: Wang Lujie , Zhang Yubiao , Shen Hao , Peng Hao , Zhou Jinping
Published: August 2023

Hydrogel‐based materials are widely used in many fields, but most of them compared to tendons with the same water content do not exhibit high toughness, strength or fatigue resistance, which limits their application. The Hofmeister effect can adjust the mechanical properties of hydrogels by ions affecting the aggregation of polymer chains. Herein, we prepared a bioactivated hydrogel through simply mixing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Na2CO3 aqueous solutions. PVA chains are aggregated by strong hydrogen bonds between CO32− and OH, at which stage the hydrogel is soft and easy to shape. Further salting out promotes the formation of crystal microphase of PVA chain, resulting in high mechanical strength and excellent toughness. The existence of Na2CO3 endow the hydrogel with conductivity, exhibits high and stable sensitivity in strain sensing, and could be used to monitor human actions. On the basis of this method, Ca2+ was added to prepare mineralized PVA hydrogels, which had high stability and long‐term swelling resistance in different ionic solutions. In vitro cell experiment, hydrogel had obvious effect of promoting bone cell proliferation and calcium deposition. This work provides a facile and feasible method for preparing bionic hydrogels with high strength, toughness, and adaptable shape.
Advance on nickel‐ and palladium‐catalyzed insertion copolymerization of ethylene and acrylate monomers
Authors: Zheng Handou , Qiu Zonglin , Li Donghui , Pei Lixia , Gao Haiyang
Published: August 2023

Nickel‐ and palladium‐catalyzed insertion copolymerization of ethylene and acrylate comonomers for synthesis of ethylene‐acrylates copolymers have attracted much academic and industrial interests and remained highly challenging. This review provides an overview of the developments in nickel‐ and palladium‐catalyzed insertion copolymerization of ethylene and acrylate comonomers. Mechanistic interpretation of metal‐catalyzed insertion copolymerization of ethylene and acrylate comonomers is described. Late transition metal catalysts are divided to nickel‐based and palladium‐based catalysts with different chelate ligands. The effects of catalyst structure on copolymerization performance and copolymer microstructure are comprehensively discussed. This review aims to promote the design and development of nickel and palladium catalysts for ethylene/acrylate copolymerizations and synthesis of ethylene‐acrylates copolymers.
Thermodynamic Properties, Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution and Cosmo‐SAC Modelling of Deep Eutectic Solvents at Different Temperatures
Authors: Mgxadeni Ncomeka , Kabane Bakusele , Bahadur Indra , Paredes Márcio L. L. , de P. Soares Rafael , Singh Shailendra Kumar , Mohammad Faruq , Soleiman Ahmed Abdullah
Published: August 2023

A deep understanding of the solute‐ deep eutectic solvent (DESs) interactions is required for an appropriate selection of DESs as absorption media in the extraction of binary mixtures. As a result, these studies are done to evaluate the values of the activity coefficients at infinite dilution (
), allowing us to define and understand the nature of these intermolecular interactions comprising DES mixtures with volatile organic solvents at different temperatures using gas liquid chromatography technique to determine the
for 34 solutes in DESs [zinc chloride+acetic or phosphoric acid] prepared at 1 : 2 molar ratio for the temperature range (313.15–353.15) K. The thermal stability of the prepared DESs was determined by a thermogravimetric analyser. Excess thermodynamic parameters [partial molar excess enthalpies
and Gibbs free energies
] were derived from the
data. The selectivity and capacity values for the industrial separations were calculated and compared with the literature values of other DESs, ionic liquids, and sulfolane to assess the suitability of the investigated DESs for possible applications as extracting solvents. The selectivity and capacity values are high and therefore, [zinc chloride+acetic or phosphoric acid] can be used as a potential solvent to replace the currently used conventional solvents in the separation of the selected azeotropes. COSMO‐SAC predictions were qualitatively in very good agreement with the experimental data.
Efficient Removal of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ by Waste Tea‐Derived Cost‐Effective Bioadsorbent
Authors: Fatma Ummul Khair , Nizami Gulrez , Ahamad Shakir , Hussain Mohd Kamil
Published: August 2023

This study examined the potential of waste tea as an adsorbent for the removal of Pb2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ ions from contaminated water. The study analyzed the effect of various factors, including adsorbent dose (1–6 g), NaOH concentration (0.5–1.5 %), pH (3–8), shaking time (1–4 h), shaking speed (220 rpm and 320 rpm), temperature (25–50 °C), and particle size (300–710 μm), on the adsorption of ions on waste tea. The experiment‘s findings revealed that the removal of Pb+2 with a waste tea‐derived adsorbent was more significant than that of Cu2+, and Zn2+. Instrumental techniques such as FTIR, SEM, XRD, TGA, and ICPMS were used to characterize the adsorbent. Additionally, Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models were employed to explain the equilibrium isotherm data of Pb2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ ions. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetics data for these heavy metal ions were found to fit a pseudo‐second‐order model. The study found waste tea to be a low‐cost, eco‐friendly, and easily obtainable natural adsorbent for eliminating heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. Additionally, the study showed that waste tea was effective in removing 98.43 % of Pb2+, 73.22 % of Cu2+, and 88.37 % of Zn2+ ions from aqueous solutions.