bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alleviation of dental caries by use of isolated potential probiotic and its characterization
Authors: Pallavi Preeti , Barik Adyasa , Sahoo Naresh , Rajhans Geetanjali , Raut Sangeeta
Published: May 2023

Streptococcus mutans plays a major role in biofilm formation and pathogenic bacterial adhesion. Here we investigated the abilities of our isolates from diverse conventional sources to characterize the beneficial bacteria for inhibition of S. mutans. Enterobacter cloacae PS‐74, a beneficial bacteria isolated from yoghurt, is gram negative, rod shaped, and resistant to acid, bile salt, and amylase. PS‐74 cell‐free supernatants (CFS) demonstrated highest zone of inhibition of 29 ± 1.7 mm. Further, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of CFS PS‐74 was recorded to be 10 μL and its minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value was found to be 15μL which led to 99.9% log reduction of S. mutans. Moreover, the biofilm formation was reduced by 84.91% at MIC15 of CFS PS‐74 which alleviate the dental caries formation by S. mutans. This is the first report on E. cloacae PS‐74, which was studied for its probiotic properties to inhibit S. mutans MTCC‐890 due to the production of organic acids and employed in oral treatment.
Ratiometric mechanoluminescence in single Pr3+‐activated LiGa5O8
Authors: Wu Sheng , Xiong Puxian , Qin Kexin , Xiao Yao , Xiao Binli , Chen Kang , Jiang Dongliang , Wang Yinzhen
Published: May 2023

Mechanoluminescence (ML) materials have found potential applications in information storage, anti‐counterfeiting, and stress sensing. Conventional stress sensing based on absolute ML intensity is prone to significant mistakes owing to the unpredictability of measurement surroundings. However, implementing a ratiometric ML sensing technique may considerably ameliorate this issue. In this study, a single activator‐doped gallate material (LiGa5O8:Pr3+) is proposed to determine the relationship between the ML intensity and the change in local positional symmetry that occurs when the material is subjected to stress. The sensing reliability of the ML intensity ratio under different factors (Force; Content; Thickness and Materials) is systematically analyzed, where the factor that has the greatest effect on the proportional ML is the concentration, with the ML intensity asymmetry ratio decreasing from 1.868 to 1.300 varying concentration at constant stress. The colour‐resolved visualization of stress sensing is further realized, which opens a new path for a ratiometric ML‐based strategy to improve the reliability of stress sensing.
The significance of a sense of being in control for young people who received counselling for self‐harm
Authors: Clamp Mark , Jones Steven , Limmer Mark
Published: May 2023

Background

Instances of self‐harm by young people are rising and are an increasing challenge for healthcare and mental health services. Young people's negative experiences of accessing help and support when they self‐harm are a contributing factor to them not seeking help in future episodes.

Method

Semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 young people aged 17–20 years old who had received therapy relating to self‐harm from a National Health Service (NHS) Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) service in the East of England. The data were analysed using reflective thematic analysis.

Findings and Discussion

This study provides a new understanding of how a greater sense of feeling in control over their lives is a common goal for therapy for young people who self‐harm. This investigation also shows that gaining understanding or reclaiming a sense of being in control results in the young person experiencing the therapy in a positive light and assessing it as successful. The results also show that an increased sense of being in control is sometimes overlooked and a missing aspect of therapy with young people who self‐harm.
Postprocedural trans‐mitral gradient in patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation undergoing mitral valve transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair
Authors: De Felice Francesco , Paolucci Luca , Musto Carmine , Cifarelli Alberta , Coletta Silvio , Pennacchi Mauro , Stio Rocco , Gabrielli Domenico , Grasso Carmelo , Tamburino Corrado , Adamo Marianna , Denti Paolo , Giordano Arturo , De Marco Federico , Montorfano Matteo , Baldi Cesare , Mongiardo Annalisa , Monteforte Ida , Maffeo Diego , Giannini Cristina , Crimi Gabriele , Tarantini Giuseppe , Popolo Rubbio Antonio , Bedogni Francesco
Published: May 2023

Background

The relationship between high postprocedural mean gradient (ppMG) and clinical events following mitral valve transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (MV‐TEER) in patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation (DMR) is still debated.

Aim

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of elevated ppMG after MV‐TEER on clinical events in patients with DMR at 1‐year follow‐up.

Methods

The study included 371 patients with DMR treated with MV‐TEER enrolled in the “Multi‐center Italian Society of Interventional Cardiology (GISE) registry of trans‐catheter treatment of mitral valve regurgitation” (GIOTTO) registry. Patients were stratified in tertiles according to ppMG. Primary endpoint was a composite of all‐cause death and hospitalization due to heart failure at 1‐year follow‐up.

Results

Patients were stratified as follows: 187 with a ppMG ≤ 3 mmHg, 77 with a ppMG > 3/=4 mmHg, and 107 with a ppMG > 4 mmHg. Clinical follow‐up was available in all subjects. At multivariate analysis, neither a ppMG > 4 mmHg nor a ppMG ≥ 5 mmHg were independently associated with the outcome. Notably, the risk of elevated residual MR (rMR > 2+) was significantly higher in patients belonging to the highest tertile of ppMG (p = 0.009). The association of ppMG > 4 mmHg and rMR ≥ 2+ was strongly and independently associated with adverse events (hazard ratio: 1.98; 95% confidence interval: [1.10–3.58]).

Conclusions

In a real‐world cohort of patients suffering DMR and treated with MV‐TEER, isolated ppMG was not associated with the outcome at 1‐year follow‐up. A high proportion of patients showed both elevated ppMG and rMR and their combination appeared to be a strong predictor of adverse events.
Enabling heterogeneous catalysis to achieve carbon neutrality: Directional catalytic conversion of CO2 into carboxylic acids
Authors: Zhang Xiaofei , Huang Wenhuan , Yu Le , García‐Melchor Max , Wang Dingsheng , Zhi Linjie , Zhang Huabin
Published: May 2023

The increase in anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions has exacerbated the deterioration of the global environment, which should be controlled to achieve carbon neutrality. Central to the core goal of achieving carbon neutrality is the utilization of CO2 under economic and sustainable conditions. Recently, the strong need for carbon neutrality has led to a proliferation of studies on the direct conversion of CO2 into carboxylic acids, which can effectively alleviate CO2 emissions and create high‐value chemicals. The purpose of this review is to present the application prospects of carboxylic acids and the basic principles of CO2 conversion into carboxylic acids through photo‐, electric‐, and thermal catalysis. Special attention is focused on the regulation strategy of the activity of abundant catalysts at the molecular level, inspiring the preparation of high‐performance catalysts. In addition, theoretical calculations, advanced technologies, and numerous typical examples are introduced to elaborate on the corresponding process and influencing factors of catalytic activity. Finally, challenges and prospects are provided for the future development of this field. It is hoped that this review will contribute to a deeper understanding of the conversion of CO2 into carboxylic acids and inspire more innovative breakthroughs.
Skeletal Editing of (Hetero)Arenes Using Carbenes
Authors: Liu Zhaohong , Sivaguru Paramasivam , Ning Yongquan , Wu Yong , Bi Xihe
Published: May 2023

(Hetero)arenes continue to prove their indispensability in pharmaceuticals, materials science, and synthetic chemistry. As such, the controllable modification of biologically significant (hetero)arenes towards diverse more‐potent complex molecular scaffolds through peripheral and skeletal editing has been considered a challenging goal in synthetic organic chemistry. Despite many excellent reviews on peripheral editing (i. e., C−H functionalization) of (hetero)arenes, their skeletal editings via single atom insertion, deletion, or transmutations have received less attention in the review literature. In this review, we systematically summarize the state‐of‐the‐art skeletal editing reactions of (hetero)arenes using carbenes, with a focus on general mechanistic considerations and their applications in natural product syntheses. The potential opportunities and inherent challenges encountered while developing these strategies are also highlighted.
Why “formal” climate adaptation strategies fail in sub‐Saharan Africa: Ignoring adapters’ agency in the case of smallholding agriculture farming practices in Bono East Region of Ghana
Authors: Quarshie Philip Tetteh , Abdulai Abdul‐Rahim , Abdulai Seidu , Antwi‐Agyei Philip , Fraser Evan D.G.
Published: May 2023

This paper reviewed a body of literature on climate adaptation options in sub‐Saharan Africa's (SSA) smallholding agriculture and complemented it with a case study involving experts interviews, focus group discussions, large‐scale household surveys, and farmer practices observation while drawing insight from the concept of “everyday adaptation and interrupted agency” and agency theory to assess farmer perceived limitations with climate‐smart agriculture (CSA) and climate‐wise food systems (CWFS) practices for climate adaptation in the SSA. The study noted that the narrow focus on CSA and/or CWFS as a silver bullet for climate change adaptation suitable for smallholding agriculture ignores food producers’ agency to undermine sustainable and inclusive adaptation solutions. Moreover, smallholder farmers’ everyday climate adaptation practices could be grouped into three categories; on‐farm adaptation, off‐farm adaptation, and Indigenous agroecological adaptation options. The on‐farm adaptation options are usually agriculture intensification and extensification. The off‐farm adaptation options include livelihood diversification activities, petty trading, seasonal labor jobs, and migration. The Indigenous agroecological adaptation strategy uses observing nature and weather elements to predict the onset of the rainy season. The study noted that smallholders’ adaptation options, which is an expression of their agency, are motivated by smallholders’ desire to be resilient to changing climate, increase productivity and income, and social network influence but not necessarily because the strategy is being promoted by the government or Non‐Governmental Organizations (NGOs). Therefore, we propose a sustainable food agency (SFA)—a multifaceted blended constellation of climate adaptation and mitigation strategies, as the best approach to addressing the climate crises in the SSA. The SFA allows individuals or groups to decide what climate change adaptation options best work for them to adapt to changing climate and produce and distribute their food without undermining the economic, social, and environmental bases that generate food security and nutrition for present and future generations.
DPA‐UNet rectal cancer image segmentation based on visual attention
Authors: Wang Yuqian , Ma JianWei , Sergey Axyonov , Zang Shaofei , Zhang Miao
Published: May 2023

Low segmentation accuracy and background noise exisit in rectal cancer lesion segmentation. To segment colorectal tumors in CT images accurately, we propose an improved U‐Net network for colorectal tumor image segmentation dilated‐pyramid‐attention U‐Net (DPA‐UNet). In this paper, we use the U‐Net network and combine techniques such as dilated convolution, weighted feature pyramid structure (W‐FPN), and convolutional block attention module (CBAM) mechanism. Firstly, CBAM and W‐FPN are combined to extract dense pixel‐level features for pixel labeling. Secondly, after the third network output layer, three serially dilated depth‐separable dilated convolutional layers with dilation rates of 1, 2, and 4, are added respectively to expand the feature map receptive field. Finally, the DPA‐UNet model is compared and analyzed with other new network structures. The experimental results show that DPA‐UNet achieves automatic segmentation of the colorectal cancer image region of interest (ROI).
An Optimized Method of Collecting Murine Peripheral Blood and Dilution Correction for Accurate Blood Cell Enumeration
Authors: Bhoopalan Vijay , Gardiner Elizabeth E. , Kaur Amandeep
Published: May 2023

Accurate measurement of whole blood counts from mice is an essential quantitative tool across the fields of vascular cell biology. In particular, the measurement of platelet counts can be challenging as the process relies upon good phlebotomy technique, the inclusion of a sufficient amount of the appropriate anticoagulant, and very often dilution of the sample to meet the sample volume requirements of an automated analyzer. To minimize sample dilution, blood collection tubes pre‐coated with the anticoagulant can be used; however, these are expensive and prone to blood clotting issues. Here, we describe a simple dilution correction method that accurately calculates blood‐to‐anticoagulant dilutions to generate appropriate volumes for automated blood cell analysis while minimizing blood clotting. We also discuss some simple steps that can be incorporated into blood collection methods to avoid artefacts during blood collection. Blood count data analysis involving volume correction and clot exclusion can significantly reduce variable blood cell count values among healthy untreated littermates. It also detects subtle changes in blood cell counts, mainly of platelets and RBCs in experimental settings, which can be masked in the absence of careful and precise volume correction. Blood count analysis with volume correction precisely determines mouse whole blood cell counts for investigators. The decreased variability in cell count values reduces the number of experimental animals required for meaningful analysis. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: An optimized method of collecting murine peripheral blood and dilution correction for accurate blood cell enumeration

This article was corrected on 19 February 2024. See the end of the full text for details.
A novel method for calculating the mutual inductance between two perpendicular coils in wireless power transfer
Authors: Dehui Wu , Hao Feng
Published: May 2023

The perpendicular coil is increasingly applied in some wireless power transfer (WPT) systems where space position is limited. The existing method of calculating the mutual inductance between perpendicular coils is mainly applied to rectangular and circular coils. However, the practical rectangular coil often has rounded corners, so it unavoidably introduces systematic errors. Concerning this issue, this paper proposed an analytical method to calculate the mutual inductance between mutually perpendicular round‐corner rectangular (RCR) coils. The proposed method is based on a second‐order vector potential (SOVP) model where the mutual inductance between the coils is described as a double integral formula. In this formula, a novel shape and position function is introduced. This shape and position function describes not only RCR coils but also rectangular (including square), circular, and runway ones. A series of experiments were used to validate the proposed method. According to the consistency validation, the proposed method can be more generalized for calculating the mutual inductance of rectangular and circular coils. Through experimental comparison, the proposed method computes the mutual inductance between the perpendicular coil in excellent agreement with the measured ones. Therefore, the proposed method unifies the mutual inductance calculation of mutually perpendicular circular, rectangular (square), runway, and RCR coils and can provide an important basis for designing WPT systems using the above coils.
Prescribed fire is an effective restoration measure for increasing boreal fungal diversity
Authors: Ramberg Ellinor , Berglund Håkan , Penttilä Reijo , Strengbom Joachim , Jönsson Mari
Published: May 2023

Intensive forestry practices have had a negative impact on boreal forest biodiversity; as a consequence, the need for restoration is pressing. Polypores (wood‐inhabiting fungi) are key decomposers of dead wood, but, due to a lack of coarse woody debris (CWD) in forest ecosystems, many species are under threat. Here, we study the long‐term effects on polypore diversity of two restoration treatments: creating CWD by felling whole trees and prescribed burning. This large‐scale experiment is located in spruce‐dominated boreal forests in southern Finland. The experiment has a factorial design (n = 3) including three levels of created CWD (5, 30, and 60 m3 ha−1) crossed with burning or no burning. In 2018, 16 years after launching the experiment, we inventoried polypores on 10 experimentally cut logs and 10 naturally fallen logs per stand. We found that overall polypore community composition differed between burned and unburned stands. However, only red‐listed species abundances and richness were positively affected by prescribed burning. We found no effects of CWD levels created mechanically by felling of trees. We show, for the first time, that prescribed burning is an effective measure for restoring polypore diversity in a late‐successional Norway spruce forest. Burning creates CWD with certain characteristics that differ from what is created by CWD restoration by felling trees. Prescribed burning promotes primarily red‐listed species, demonstrating its effectiveness as a restoration measure to promote diversity of threatened polypore species in boreal forests. However, because the CWD that the burning creates will decrease over time, to be functional, prescribed burns need to be applied regularly on the landscape scale. Large‐scale and long‐term experimental studies, such as this one, are invaluable for establishing evidence‐based restoration strategies.
Variance in offspring sex ratio and maternal allocation in a highly invasive mammal
Authors: Chinn Sarah M. , Smyser Timothy , Beasley James C.
Published: May 2023

Skewed sex ratios at birth are widely reported in wild populations, however, the extent to which parents are able to modulate the sex ratio of offspring to maximize their own fitness remains unclear. This is particularly true for highly polytocous species as maximizing fitness may include trade‐offs between sex ratio and the size and number of offspring in litters. In such cases, it may be adaptive for mothers to adjust both the number of offspring per litter and offspring sex to maximize individual fitness. Investigating maternal sex allocation in wild pigs (Sus scrofa) under stochastic environmental conditions, we predicted that under favorable conditions, high‐quality mothers (larger and older) would produce male‐biased litters and invest more in producing larger litters with more males. We also predicted sex ratio would vary relative to litter size, with a male‐bias among smaller litters. We found evidence that increasing wild boar ancestry, maternal age and condition, and resource availability may weakly contribute to male‐biased sex ratio, however, unknown factors not measured in this study are assumed to be more influential. High‐quality mothers allocated more resources to litter production, but this relationship was driven by adjustment of litter size, not sex ratio. There was no relationship between sex ratio and litter size. Collectively, our results emphasized that adjustment of litter size appeared to be the primary reproductive characteristic manipulated in wild pigs to increase fitness rather than adjustment of offspring sex ratio.
Is now the time? Review of genetic rescue as a conservation tool for brook trout
Authors: White Shannon L. , Rash Jacob M. , Kazyak David C.
Published: May 2023

Brook trout populations have been declining throughout their native range in the east coast of the United States. Many populations are now distributed in small, isolated habitat patches where low genetic diversity and high rates of inbreeding reduce contemporary viability and long‐term adaptive potential. Although human‐assisted gene flow could theoretically improve conservation outcomes through genetic rescue, there is widespread hesitancy to use this tool to support brook trout conservation. Here, we review the major uncertainties that have limited genetic rescue from being considered as a viable conservation tool for isolated brook trout populations and compare the risks of genetic rescue with other management alternatives. Drawing on theoretical and empirical studies, we discuss methods for implementing genetic rescue in brook trout that could yield long‐term evolutionary benefits while avoiding negative fitness effects associated with outbreeding depression and the spread of maladapted alleles. We also highlight the potential for future collaborative efforts to accelerate our understanding of genetic rescue as a viable tool for conservation. Ultimately, while we acknowledge that genetic rescue is not without risk, we emphasize the merits that this tool offers for protecting and propagating adaptive potential and improving species' resilience to rapid environmental change.
Assessing the impacts of smoking cessation and resumption on back pain risk in later life
Authors: Ikeda Takaaki , Cooray Upul , Murakami Masayasu , Osaka Ken
Published: May 2023

Background

This study aimed to assess the impacts of smoking cessation and resumption over 4 years on the risk of back pain at the 6‐year follow‐up among older adults in England.

Methods

We analysed 6467 men and women aged ≥50 years in the English Longitudinal Study of Aging. Self‐reported smoking status, assessed in waves 4 (2008–2009) and 6 (2012–2013), was used as exposure for the study, whereas self‐reported back pain of moderate or severe intensity, assessed in wave 7 (2014–2015), was used as the outcome. A targeted minimum loss‐based estimator was used with longitudinal modified treatment policies to adjust for baseline and time‐varying covariates.

Results

Regarding the estimation of the effects of changes in smoking status on the risk of back pain, during the follow‐up, individuals who resumed smoking within 4 years had a higher risk of back pain than those who avoided smoking for over 4 years, and the relative risk (RR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 1.536 (1.214–1.942). Regarding the estimation of effects of smoking cessation on the risk of back pain, smoking cessation over 4 years was associated with a significantly lower risk of back pain, as indicated by the originally observed data, and the RR (95% CI) was 0.955 (0.912–0.999).

Conclusions

Older adults who avoided smoking for over 4 years had a lower risk of back pain. However, those who resumed smoking within 4 years had a higher risk of back pain.

Significance

Older adults who avoided smoking for over 4 years had a lower risk of back pain. However, those who resumed smoking within 4 years had a higher risk of back pain. Our study data suggest the importance of maintaining smoking cessation to reduce the risk of back pain in the older population.
Intravenous immunoglobulin prophylaxis is associated with decreased rate of infection‐related hospitalizations in multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Sheu Michael , Molina Garcia Sofia , Patel Meera , Granat Lauren , Williams Louis , Khouri Jack , Mossad Sherif , Anwer Faiz , Majeed Aneela
Published: May 2023

This study explored the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) prophylaxis in reducing infection‐related hospitalizations (IRHs) in MM patients. This was a retrospective study of MM patients who received IVIG at Taussig Cancer Center between July 2009 and July 2021. The primary endpoint was rate of IRHs per patient‐year on‐IVIG versus off‐IVIG. 108 patients were included. There was a significant difference in the primary endpoint of rate of IRHs per patient‐year on‐IVIG versus off‐IVIG in the overall study population (0.81 vs. 1.08; Mean Difference [MD], −0.27; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], −0.57 to 0.03; p value [P] = 0.04). The subgroup of patients with a 1‐year period of continuous IVIG (49, 45.3%), the subgroup with standard‐risk cytogenetics (54, 50.0%) and the subgroup with 2 or more IRHs (67, 62.0%) all showed a significant reduction in IRHs while on‐IVIG versus off‐IVIG (0.48 vs. 0.78; MD, −0.30; 95% CI, −0.59 to 0.002; p = 0.03) and (0.65 vs. 1.01; MD, −0.36; 95% CI, −0.71 to −0.01; p = 0.02) and (1.04 vs. 1.43; MD, −0.39; 95% CI, −0.82 to 0.05; p = 0.04) respectively. IVIG showed significant benefit in reducing IRHs in the overall population and in multiple subgroups.
Inhibition of TMUB1 blocks apoptosis and NF‐κB pathway‐mediated inflammation in recurrent spontaneous abortion
Authors: Zhang Xiuping , Hu Yuanjing , Zhang Zhiping , Zhang Xueluo , Liang Lixia , Cui Xiangrong , Wu Yuanxia , Hu Fen , Wu Xueqing
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Approximately 50% of cases with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) have unexplained etiology. Aberrant expression of transmembrane and ubiquitin‐like domain containing 1 (TMUB1) is closely related to a series of diseases, including RSA. However, the function and underlying mechanism of TMUB1 in the occurrence of RSA has not been described.

Methods

TMUB1 expression was detected in the placental villous tissues of 30 women with normal miscarriages and 12 women with RSA. The pregnant mice were injected intraperitoneally with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce abortion. Human chorionic trophoblast cells were treated with LPS. Pathological analysis of placental tissues was performed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.

Results

TMUB1 was highly expressed in the placental villous tissues of RSA patients compared to the patients who underwent induced abortions. After LPS administration, the mice exhibited high embryo absorption and pathological alterations, as well as presented an increase in inflammation and apoptosis (the etiology of RSA induction) in placental tissues. Moreover, the upregulated expression of TMUB1 was also found in placental tissues of LPS‐induced mice, and further investigation showed that TMUB1 deficiency blocked embryo loss as well as inhibited apoptotic rate and inflammation after LPS activation. Furthermore, we found that the loss of TMUB1 suppressed the phosphorylation of IkappaB kinase (IKK) α/β and attenuated cytoplasmic‐nuclear translocation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) p65 in LPS‐induced cells.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that TMUB1 may involve in the modulation of apoptosis and NF‐κB pathway‐mediated inflammation in RSA. Therefore, TMUB1 may develop as a potential biomarker for RSA treatment.
The impact of director blockholders on abnormal accruals and inventory
Authors: Valenzuela Eric , Chen Ying
Published: May 2023

This paper empirically analyzes the impact that director blockholders have on earnings management. We argue that having a blockholder serve on the board of directors will improve a firm's corporate governance due to having both the ability and incentive to correct problems in a firm. We provide evidence that the presence of blockholders on the board of directors lowers the amount of abnormal working capital accruals caused by CEO incentives. We show that this is primarily done by reducing abnormal increases in inventory. This finding is most robust among busy boards, providing evidence that director blockholders can provide strong corporate governance in the absence of an attentive board of directors. Our findings suggest that director blockholders can provide an important role for firms and may prevent managers from taking value‐destroying actions.
Enhanced magnetic performance and in‐vitro apatite‐forming ability of theCoFe2O4doped nano‐hydroxyapatite porous bioceramics
Authors: Jaita Pharatree , Jarupoom Parkpoom
Published: May 2023

In this research, the bioceramics system of nano‐hydroxyapatite‐cobalt ferrite or Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2/xCoFe2O4(HAP/xCF), wherex = 0–3 vol%, were studied. The effect of CF concentration on phase evolution, physical, microstructure, mechanical, and magnetic properties as well as the in‐vitro apatite‐forming ability and cell culture analysis of the HAP ceramic was investigated. XRD revealed that all HAP/xCF ceramics showed high purity of hydroxyapatite with calcium and phosphate. However, the peak of the CF phase is noted for the HAP + 3 vol% CF ceramic. The densification and mechanical properties (HV,HK,σc, andσf) decreased with increasing the CF additive, which correlated to all HAP/xCF ceramics exhibited porous structure with increasing the percentage of porosity. The average grain size also increased with increasing the CF content. An improvement of magnetic behavior, which increasing of theMr,Hc, andμBvalues, was obtained for the higher CF ceramics. In‐vitro apatite‐forming ability test suggested that the HAP + 3 vol% CF porous ceramic has a good apatite‐forming ability. The cell culture analysis indicated that the proliferation of cells was above 97% for the HAP + 3 vol% CF porous ceramic, which means that the prepared ceramic is biocompatible. Based on the obtained results indicated that these ceramics are promising biomedical application candidates.

Research Highlights

We fabricated the HAP/xCF ceramics by a simple solid‐state reaction method. The addition of CF into HAP exhibited magnetic improvement and produced the porous ceramic, which caused good apatite‐forming ability. The cell culture analysis indicated that the HAP + 3 vol% CF ceramic is biocompatible.
The prevalence and treatment outcomes of Helicobacter pylori infection in a tertiary hospital in Thailand, 2018–2021
Authors: Rattanachaisit Pakkapon , Burana Chuti , Jaroenlapnopparat Aunchalee , Vongseenin Sirikorn , Chaithongrat Supakarn , Rerknimitr Rungsun , Werawatganon Duangporn
Published: May 2023

Background and Aim

Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection remains a significant global public health problem. This study aimed to study the prevalence of HP infection and treatment outcomes in Thailand.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the results of the urea breath test (UBT) performed at the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital between 2018 and 2021. The prevalence of HP infection was evaluated in dyspeptic patients undergoing UBT screening. In patients with known HP infection, the treatment regimen and the success rate in each patient were recorded.

Results

One‐thousand nine‐hundred and two patients were included in this study. The prevalence of HP infection in dyspeptic patients was 20.77% (UBT was positive in 65 out of 313 patients). Of the 1589 patients who received the first treatment regimen, 1352 (85.08%) had a negative UBT result. Patients who failed in each treatment regimen were treated with subsequent regimens. The overall success rates for the second, third, and fourth regimens were 69.87% (109 of 156 patients), 53.85% (14 of 26 patients), and 50% (3 of 6 patients), respectively. Univariate logistic regression analysis found that using lansoprazole was associated with failure of treatment with OR = 2.11 (95% CI: 1.14–3.92, P = 0.018).

Conclusion

Current primary HP treatment regimens have an eradication rate of >80%. Even though the previous regimens failed, without available antibiotic sensitivity results, the subsequent regimens were successful by at least 50%. In cases of multiple‐treatment failure and where antibiotic sensitivity tests were unavailable, continuing to change regimens could provide satisfactory results.
Peptide analysis of tooth enamel – A sex estimation tool for archaeological, anthropological, or forensic research
Authors: Mikšík Ivan , Morvan Marine , Brůžek Jaroslav
Published: May 2023

Proteomics has become an attractive method to study human and animal material, biological profile, and origin as an alternative to DNA analysis. It is limited by DNA amplification in ancient samples and its contamination, high cost, and limited preservation of nuclear DNA. Currently, three approaches are available to estimate sex–osteology, genomics, or proteomics, but little is known about the relative reliability of these methods in applied settings. Proteomics provides a new, seemingly simple, and relatively non‐expensive way of sex estimation without the risk of contamination. Proteins can be preserved in hard teeth tissue (enamel) for tens of thousands of years. It uses two sexually distinct forms of the protein amelogenin in tooth enamel detectable by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry; the protein amelogenin Y isoform is present in enamel dental tissue only in males, while amelogenin isoform X can be found in both sexes. From the point of view of archaeological, anthropological, and forensic research and applications, the reduced destruction of the methods used is essential, as well as the minimum requirements for sample size.
Acquired perforating dermatosis successfully treated with dupilumab
Authors: Alwattar‐Ceballos Omar , Moro‐Bolado Fernando , Martínez‐Montalvo Laura , Herreros Fernández‐Arroyo Pablo , Ramos‐Rodríguez Claudia C. , García‐Arpa Monica
Published: May 2023

Acquired perforating dermatosis (APD) is a disorder of transepidermal elimination of keratin, collagen or elastic fibers. APD is mainly associated with diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. We present the case of a 66‐year‐old male, poorly controlled diabetic with peripheral arterial disease, obesity, arterial hypertension, Cushing's syndrome and chronic kidney disease requiring hemodialysis who develops an acquired perforating dermatosis. Due to the patient's comorbidities, treatment with corticosteroids, cyclosporine and phototherapy is not possible. He does not respond to gabapentinoids or allopurinol. The outbreaks of skin lesions and pruritus were accentuated in situations of renal function deterioration; however, hemodialysis did not improve her dermatosis, causing a great deterioration of her quality of life. It was decided to start treatment with dupilumab with the dosage used in atopic dermatitis, achieving a complete response of both pruritus and skin lesions. With this case, we want to show how dupilumab can be an effective tool to treat acquired perforating dermatosis.
Comparison of Mechanical Forces used in Open Tracheotomy versus Percutaneous Tracheotomy Techniques
Authors: Bharathi Ramya , Rao Gopikrishna M. , Tracy Jeremiah , Groblewski Jan , Koenigs Maria
Published: May 2023

Objective

To understand the etiology of tracheotomy‐induced tracheal stenosis by comparing the differences in techniques and mechanical force applied with open tracheotomy (OT) versus percutaneous tracheotomy (PCT) placement.

Methods

This study is an unblinded, experimental, randomized controlled study in an ex‐vivo animal model. Simulated tracheostomies were performed on 10 porcine tracheas, 5 via a tracheal window technique (OT) and 5 using the Ciaglia technique (PCT). The applied weight during the simulated tracheostomy and the compression of the trachea were recorded at set times during the procedure. The applied weight during tracheostomy was used to calculate the tissue force in Newtons. Tracheal compression was measured by anterior–posterior distance compression and as percent change.

Results

Average forces for scalpel (OT) versus trocar (PCT) were 2.6 N and 12.5 N (p < 0.01), with the dilator (PCT) it was 22.02 N (p < 0.01). The tracheostomy placement with OT required an average force of 10.7 N versus 23.2 N (p < 0.01) with PCT. The average change in AP distance when using the scalpel versus trocar was 21%, and 44% (p < 0.01), with the dilator it was 75% (p < 0.01). The trach placement with OT versus PCT had an average AP distance change of 51% and 83% respectively (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that PCT required more force and caused more tracheal lumen compression when compared to the OT technique. Based on the increased force required for PCT, we suspect there could also be an increased risk for tracheal cartilage trauma.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 134:103–107, 2024
Reproductive potential of the black bean aphid (Aphis fabae Scop.) on a range of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) accessions
Authors: Skovgård Henrik , Stoddard Frederick L.
Published: May 2023

The black bean aphid is one of the main insect pests of faba bean, leading to yield losses in many countries. The aphid inflicts damage to faba bean through direct phloem feeding and indirectly by transmission of several viruses. Sources of genetic resistance or tolerance to the aphid have been hard to identify and to use in breeding because of the high environmental variability of the attack, the weak and partial nature of the resistance when found, and the low repeatability of experiments. A range of molecular genotyping tools is now available for identifying the genes underlying key traits in faba bean. Hence, we screened the responses of eight inbred lines (Columbo, Albus, Closed‐flower, Diana, Hedin/2, Icarus, ILB938/2, and Mélodie/2) of faba bean, derived from commercial cultivars and experimental germplasm, to aphid infestation in controlled (no‐choice‐test) and field (preference test) conditions. In the controlled environment, aphid performance was assessed by measuring fecundity and determining the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm). In the field experiment, population growth was examined on Columbo, Closed‐flower, Hedin/2, and ILB938/2 during June and July. Each week, 10 plants in each plot, randomly chosen at the start, were screened for aphid colonization and number of plants attacked. For each plant, an index number was given reflecting the severity of aphid presence. Our results demonstrate a clear conformity between the results obtained from the indoor pot experiments and the field experiments. In both experiments, ILB938/2 showed partial resistance with significantly lower fecundity, rm, and field infestation when compared with the known susceptible line Columbo. The consistently strong performance of ILB938/2 against the black bean aphid suggests that it carries a factor or factors rendering it unconducive to aphid landing, feeding, and/or reproduction. Further investigation into the resistance mechanisms of ILB938/2 is planned.
Tailoring Polymerization Controllability and Dispersity Through a Photoswitchable Catalyst Strategy
Authors: Chen Zhuan , Sun Yue , Wang Xin , Zhang Weidong , Zhang Zhengbiao
Published: May 2023

Modulating on‐demand polymerization is a challenge in synthetic macromolecules. Herein, tailoring polymerization controllability and dispersity during single‐electron transfer mediated living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) is achieved. Hexaarylbiimidazole (HABI) is employed as a photoswitchable catalyst, allowing reversible control of catalytic activity between an active and inactive state. In the presence of HABI and with the light on (active state), control SET‐LRP of MMA follows first‐order kinetics, resulting in polymers with a narrow molecular weight distribution. In contrast, polymerization responds to light and reverts to their original uncontrolled state with light off (inactive state). Therefore, repeatable resetting polymerization can be easily performed. The key to photomodulating dispersity is to use an efficient molecular switch to tailor the breadths of dispersity. Besides, the mechanism of HABI‐mediated SET‐LRP with switchable ability is proposed.
Case report: Compound heterozygous nonsense PCDH15 variant and a novel deep‐intronic variant in a Chinese child with profound hearing loss
Authors: Yang Ziying , Huang Minhong , Wei Xiuxiu , Sun Jun , Zhang Fuping
Published: May 2023

Background

Usher syndrome is a condition characterized by partial or total hearing loss and progressive pigmentary retinopathy. Usher syndrome type 1F is caused by biallelic loss‐of‐function variants in Protocadherin 15 (PCDH15), which encodes the PCDH15 protein that plays an important role in the morphogenesis and cohesion of stereocilium bundles and retinal photoreceptor cell maintenance and function.

Methods

We report a child with bilateral nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss who received an inconclusive diagnosis based on clinical gene panel testing, which identified a paternal heterozygous nonsense variant (NM_033056.4: c.733C>T, p.R245*) in PCDH15. This variant has been described as a founder variant in the Ashkenazi Jewish population.

Results

A novel deep‐intronic variant (NM_033056.4: c.705+3767_705+3768del) inherited from the patient's mother was identified by trio‐based whole‐genome sequencing (WGS). A minigene splicing assay revealed that c.705+3767_705+3768del results in aberrant retention of 50 or 68 bp of intron 7.

Conclusion

Our genetic test results provided precise genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for this family, and our findings highlight the power of WGS for detecting deep‐intronic variants in patients with undiagnosed rare diseases. Additionally, this case expands the variant spectrum of the PCDH15 gene and our results support the extremely low carrier frequency of c.733C>T in the Chinese population.
Development and Validation of a Laryngeal Microsurgery Simulation Training System for Otolaryngology Residents
Authors: Santander María Jesús , Sepúlveda Valeria , Iribarren Javier , Rosenbaum Andrés , Albrich Diego , Varas Julian , Lagos Antonia , Napolitano Carla
Published: May 2023

Objective

This study aims to create a synthetic laryngeal microsurgery simulation model and training program; to assess its face, content, and construct validity; and to review the available phonomicrosurgery simulation models in the literature.

Study Design

Nonrandomly assigned control study.

Setting

Simulation training course for the otolaryngology residency program at Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.

Methods

Resident (postgraduate year 1 [PGY1]/PGY2) and expert groups were recruited. A laryngeal microsurgery synthetic model was developed. Nine tasks were designed and assessed through a set of programmed exercises with increasing difficulty, to fulfill 5 surgical competencies. Imperial College Surgical Assessment Device sensors applied to the participants' hands measured time and movements. The activities were video‐recorded and blindly assessed by 2 laryngologists using a specific and global rating scale (SRS and GRS). A 5‐point Likert survey assessing validity was completed by experts.

Results

Eighteen participants were recruited (14 residents and 4 experts). Experts performed significantly better than residents in the SRS (p = .003), and GRS (p = .004). Internal consistency was demonstrated for the SRS (α = .972, p < .001). Experts had a shorter execution time (p = .007), and path length with the right hand (p = .04). The left hand did not show significant differences. The survey assessing validity resulted in a median 36 out of 40 points score for face validity; and 43 out of 45 points score, for global content validity. The literature review revealed 20 available phonomicrosurgery simulation models, only 6 with construct validity.

Conclusion

The face, content, and construct validity of the laryngeal microsurgery simulation training program were established. It could be replicated and incorporated into residents' curricula.
Unraveling the central role of root morphology and anatomy in lodging of tef (Eragrostis tef)
Authors: Ben‐Zeev Shiran , Kirby Noa , Diehn Sabrina , Shtein Ilana , Elbaum Rivka , Saranga Yehoshua
Published: May 2023

Societal Impact Statement

Crop diversification is considered key to ensuring agricultural sustainability and food security. Tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) is a cereal crop grown mainly in Ethiopia, where it thrives in a wide range of environments, including stress‐prone habitats. It is considered a promising new crop and is gaining popularity in cultivation and in research worldwide. Lodging, the greatest factor limiting tef productivity and its wide adoption, was targeted in this study. The results highlight the central role of root traits in tef lodging, thus paving the way to reducing lodging and improving tef productivity, crop diversification, and food security.

Lodging is the most prominent yield‐restricting problem in tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) cultivation, responsible for 30%–50% yield loss. A significant advance in lodging resistance has been achieved in various cereals by reducing plant height. In this study, we investigated the role of crown root morphology and anatomy, rather than plant height, in tef lodging.

Twenty‐eight tef lines, representing a wide diversity in lodging tendencies and major phenotypic traits, were tested under two field environments to investigate tef lodging and related traits. Four selected lines were subjected to more intense sampling as well as anatomical analysis of crown roots.

In both field studies, taller lines were associated with greater lodging shortly before flowering, but not at plant maturity, whereas crown root diameter exhibited an association with reduced lodging, which became highly significant at maturity. Moreover, a greater proportion of root cortical aerenchyma developed in lodging‐susceptible genotypes, possibly reducing plant anchorage. A positive association between grain yield and lodging presents a major challenge for tef breeding.

Our results suggest that root traits play a central role in tef lodging responses. We propose that semi‐dwarfism should be complemented by targeting root traits, to promote lodging resistance in tef.
Objective and self‐reported evidence of dextromethorphan antitussive efficacy in children, aged 6–11 years, with acute cough due to the common cold
Authors: Meeves Suzanne G. , Cruz‐Rivera Mario , Leyva Rina A. , Wilson Brenda L. , Moreira Sebastian A. , Gelotte Cathy K. , Jayawardena Shyamalie
Published: May 2023

Objective

To determine objective and subjective endpoints most suitable for evaluating antitussive efficacy of dextromethorphan hydrobromide (DXM) in children. Spontaneous resolution of acute cough and large placebo effects are impediments to evaluating antitussive efficacy. Another impediment is paucity of age‐appropriate, validated cough assessment tools.

Methods

This was a multiple‐dose, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized, pilot clinical study in children, aged 6–11 years, with cough due to the common cold. Eligible subjects met entry criteria and qualified by completing a run‐in period where coughs were recorded with a cough monitor after they were dosed with sweet syrup. They were subsequently randomized to receive DXM or placebo over 4 days. Coughs were recorded during the initial 24 h; subjective assessments of cough severity and frequency were self‐reported daily during treatment.

Results

Data from 128 evaluable subjects (67 DXM; 61 placebo) were analyzed. Total coughs over 24‐hours (primary endpoint) and cough frequency during daytime were reduced by 21.0% and 25.5%, respectively, with DXM relative to placebo. Also, greater reductions in cough severity and frequency were self‐reported with DXM. These findings were statistically significant and medically relevant. No effects were detected between treatments for nighttime cough rates or impact of cough on sleep. Multiple doses of DXM and placebo were generally well‐tolerated.

Conclusion

Evidence of DXM antitussive efficacy was shown in children using objective and subjective assessment tools validated in pediatric populations. Diurnal variation of cough frequency over 24 h reduced the assay sensitivity needed to detect treatment differences at nighttime, as coughs/hour decreased during sleep for both groups.