bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
РАЗРАБОТКА РЕЦЕПТУРЫ КОМПЛЕКСНОЙ ПИЩЕВОЙФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ С ЦЕЛЬЮПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СПЕЦИАЛИЗИРОВАННЫХ ПРОДУКТОВ ПИТАНИЯДЛЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ АРКТИКИ
Authors: Попов В.Г. , Кадочникова Г.Д. , Буракова Л.Н. , Неверов В.Ю. , Тригуб В.В. , Мозжерина И.В. , Белина С.А.
Published: August 2021

В статье рассматривается вопрос разработки рецептуры комплексной пищевой физиологически функциональной системы, предназначенной для укрепления сердечно-сосудистой системы и обладающей мембранотропными, антиоксидантными, иммуномодулирующими свойствами. Она обогащена путем введения оптимальных соотношений ее ингридиентов, которые содержат витамины, макро- и микроэлементы, полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты, пищевые волокна. Это позволяет улучшить обменные процессы, снизить гемокоакуляцию и придать системе противосклеротический эффект В ходе исследований определены необходимые ингредиенты, а также способы, методы и условия их сбора, доставки и хранения. Разработана технология приготовления комплексной пищевой физиологически функциональной системы и найдено оптимальное соотношение составляющих компонентов. Установлено влияние нагревания в биохимическом реакторе при производстве системы на органолептические и физико-химических показатели. На основании результатов проведенных экспериментов, где было проанализировано несколько рецептур, и химического состава каждого ингредиента был получен физико-химический состав разрабатываемой системы в необработанном виде и его соответствие суточным нормам потребления витаминов, микро- и макроэлементов. На основании анализа полученных данных, было установлено превышение содержания выше представленных веществ на 10,5% - 100,9% от суточной нормы, что свидетельствует о функциональной направленности данной системы.
СРАВНЕНИЕ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЕЙ ЛАЗЕРНОЙ ЗАКАЛКИ ИЛАЗЕРНОЙ ЦЕМЕНТАЦИИ ДЛЯ ПОВЫШЕНИЯМЕХАНИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ И ИЗНОСОСТОЙКОСТИПОВЕРХНОСТИ НИЗКОЛЕГИРОВАННЫХИНСТРУМЕНТАЛЬНЫХ СТАЛЕЙ
Authors: Лисовская О.Б. , Гаврилов Г.Н. , Маринин Е.А. , Маринина Н.И.
Published: August 2021

В работе представлены сравнительные результаты экспериментальных исследований авторов по упрочнению поверхности низколегированных инструментальных сталей методами лазерной закалки и лазерной цементации. Цель работы – сравнение возможностей лазерной закалки и лазерной цементации по упрочнению и повышению износостойкости поверхности низколегированных инструментальных сталей. Показаны и объяснены механизмы упрочнения поверхности при сравниваемых технологиях. Описана схема насыщения поверхности инструментальной стали углеродом при лазерной цементации. Для лазерной закалки и цементации использовались СО2-лазер «ЛАТУС-31 и твердотельный дисковый TruDisk 1000. Эффект упрочнения поверхности и повышения износостойкости объяснен за счет измельчения карбидной фазы и увеличения содержания остаточного аустенита. Определены значения микротвердости поверхности инструментальных сталей после лазерной закалки и лазерной цементации. Микротвердость стали после лазерной закалки выше, чем после лазерной цементации за счет меньшего содержания аустенита остаточного. Максимальная микротвердость поверхности была получена на стали 9ХС и составила 9600 МПа при измерении под нагрузкой 100 г. Установлено, что при одинаковых энергетических параметрах лазерного излучения, лазерная цементация позволяет сформировать упрочненный слой, износостойкость которого превышает износостойкость образцов, подвергнутых лазерной закалке. Максимальное увеличение износостойкости поверхности было отмечено на стали 6ХС, подвергнутой лазерной цементации.
Economic and Social Poverty Determinants in Sudan – Standard Analytical Study for the period (1980- 2019) by using Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL): المحددات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية للفقر في السودان– دراسة تحليلية قياسية للمدة (1980- 2019) باستخدام نموذج الانحدار الذاتي للفجوات الزمنية الموزعة (ARDL)
Authors: Hassan Ali Osman Fatur, Fadul Algheli Elsued Musa, Ibrahim Y Hassan Ali Osman Fatur, Fadul Algheli Elsued Musa, Ibrahim Y
Published: August 2021

The study aimed to measuring economic and social poverty determinants in Sudan, to achieve this goal a standard model for the relationship between the variables of the study was formulated and constructed during the period 1980 – 2019. The study problem lies in the main question: why poverty is increasing in Sudan although, many programs and tools for reducing poverty have been made by the State? The study assumed some hypotheses, the most important one is existence of inverse relationship having a positive impact statistically between unemployment and poverty in Sudan. The study has concluded that a positive relationship exists between unemployment and poverty, and a negative relationship exists between economic growth and poverty in Sudan. The study concluded of that there is an impact of the independent variables on poverty by a rate of 91%. The Researchers has recommended the necessity of a deflationary monetary policy to control inflation in order to reduce poverty rate.
Fair value and its impact on the behaviour of the investment decision maker: القيمة العادلة وأثرها على سلوك صانع القرار الاستثماري
Authors: Iman Shihan Abbas Al-Mashhadani, Ali Abdulhassan Abbas Al-Fa Iman Shihan Abbas Al-Mashhadani, Ali Abdulhassan Abbas Al-Fa
Published: August 2021

The study is intended to investigate the impact of applying fair value, as represented in two dimensions: the relevance of fair value accounting, and the obstacles confronting fair value accounting on investment decision making, for which the hypotheses of the study has been confirmed. The problem focusses on the impact of ambiguous standards, accounting disclosures, and the lack of credibility and reliability of investment decision making. The study is also intended to determine the positive effects of applying the fair value in terms of achieving quality in profits and enabling investment decision making to take correct decisions. The study attempts to investigate the role of fair value in determining the actual value of the entity depending on the market value of bank assets so as to improve future expectations and compare with other banks that depend on fair value. A questionnaire has been distributed to a sample of 70 individuals working at commercial banks in Karbala, Iraq. of accounts and auditors and investment decision-makers. we used multiple regression and the backward method in our statistical analysis. The study asserts the necessity to have legislation related to fair value and that consolidates the concepts of fair value and the ways in which this can be measured in banks through additional training courses.
The Impact of effective leadership on the performance of individuals in Saudi Airlines: تأثير القيادة الفعالة على أداء الأفراد في شركة الخطوط السعودية
Authors: Abdulrahman F. Aljohani Abdulrahman F. Aljohani
Published: August 2021

The study aimed to get acquainted with the actual practices of effective leadership through the democratic style of the Saudi Airlines Company and to know the reality of the level of performance from their point of view of the Saudi Airlines Company, as well as to develop a proposed model to show the most important variables that affect raising the level of individuals ’performance according to effective leadership practices through the democratic pattern in Leadership at Saudi Airlines Company, the study relies on the descriptive and analytical approach to clarify its objectives, and to identify the extent of practicing effective leadership aspects by following the democratic management in the Saudi Arabian Airlines Company and its role in the performance of individuals. As this approach helps to study the reality, diagnose, express and describe the phenomenon under study accurately. The study population consists of all employees and employees working for the Saudi Airlines Company in the Jeddah branch (central) and their number reached 1497, and the target sample size was determined by 100 individuals, and the link to the questionnaire was distributed to them. The responses valid for statistical analysis reached 84 individuals, i.e. 84% of the target. According to the results, the study made several recommendations, the most important of which is raising the level of individuals' awareness of some democratic leadership practices and increasing human and social communication with subordinates as this contributes to raising performance efficiency.
Effect of thickness and matrix variability on properties of a starch-based nanocomposite supple film
Authors: Fadeyibi A. , Osunde Z.D.
Published: August 2021

In this research, the effects of matrix variability and thickness on the properties of a
flexible nanocomposite film were investigated. The nanocomposite film was prepared
from the blends of 1 kg cassava starch, 45–55% (w/v) glycerol and 0–2% (w/v) zincnanoparticles in thickness ranging from 15 −17 µm. The barrier, mechanical, and thermal
properties were determined experimentally. The optimal effects of the thickness and the
matrix variability on the properties were determined using Response Surface
Methodology. Results showed that the barrier properties increased with glycerol
concentration but decreased with thickness. Reduced modulus and tensile strength
increased with an increase in the matrix variability. The film was thermally stable up to
60.43oC with only 2% degradation. The optimal film contains 55% glycerol, 2% zinc
nanoparticles with a thickness of 17 µm at a desirability index of 0.95. This can therefore
be essential for industrial application
A review on the bio-functional roles of phospholipids from marine resources
Authors: Haq M. , Suraiya S.
Published: August 2021

Marine phospholipids (PLs) rich in ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) have
drawn keen interest recently among researchers and consumers and could be assumed as a
“miracle drug”. Substantial amount of EPA and DHA, amazing and unique chemical
properties and super bio-functional activities of marine PLs make it superior compared to
terrestrial PLs, which lack long chain ω-3 PUFAs. Many comparative studies revealed that
marine PLs showed higher health beneficial activities compared to PLs obtained from land
sources. Marine PLs are not only beneficial in containing a high amount of ω-3 PUFAs
but also in absorbing and assimilating ω-3 PUFAs in different tissues. Synergistic effects
of PL compounds and ω-3 PUFAs in marine PLs showed super bio-functional
performances like anti-atherosis and cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective,
immunological, and liver functions. A number of in vivo and in vitro studies on the
administration of marine PLs extracted from fishes, mollusks, crustaceans, echinoderms
reduced triacylglycerol (TAG) level and enhanced cardioprotective functions,
demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity, reduced cell proliferation and tumor, increased
cognitive functions and memory, and prevented hepatic damages. Therefore, this review
paper provides detailed accounts on the present research status of critical biological and
nutritional functions of marine ω-3 PUFAs rich phospholipids focusing on the origin,
animal models, treatment, and roles.
How can music therapy support men at a specialist treatment unit in a prison setting in Aotearoa New Zealand?
Authors:   , Riegelhaupt-Landreani Carlos
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to explore how the use of music therapy can support prisoners in a specialist treatment unit at a prison in Aotearoa New Zealand. The research was initially designed using action research methodology to evaluate how I, a music therapy student, can support men at a special treatment unit in a prison setting in Aotearoa New Zealand. Seven weeks into my placement a rapidly escalating response to the Covid-19 global pandemic put my placement on hold indefinitely. In response to the challenges of not being able to attend placement, the research framework was changed to exploratory research. My question evolved into a theoretical exploratory study seeking to find out how music therapy can provide support in prisons. Documentation of music therapy is scarce in the New Zealand context; thus, the exploration was guided by a broad international literature search. Thematic analysis was used to develop themes about the reviewed literature and from reflective data identified in my clinical journal. The findings provide a broad scope of understanding of how music therapy is used in prisons and three main themes were identified in the analysis. These were: the ecologies of music in prisons, practicing self-care, and awareness of theory in developing specific aims and goals. The results show that music can support prison populations in various ways depending on which context takes place; from an musicological viewpoint music facilitates the expression of cultural spheres, whereas from a medical standpoint, therapeutic approaches to music therapy provide effective rehabilitation and treatment for psychological ailments. Ample theoretical, clinical, and cultural preparation should be taken into account by therapists before embarking on any work into the prison environment.
What music therapy methods and techniques are likely to be the most appropriate for children working within a Conductive Education programme, and why?
Authors:   , Li Xiuyu
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this research project is to explore the information available about the use of music therapy methods and techniques when working with children (0-6) who have physical disabilities, particularly in a Conductive Education setting. This is qualitative exploratory theoretical research. The data analysis strategy used is triangulation, which involves three sources of data. Thematic analysis of data was of nine pieces of literature, eight video transcriptions, and three meeting notes and three clinical supervision notes. From the analysis, four core themes were generated: 1) familiar songs, 2) following children, 3) repeated musical structure, 4) and musical cueing. Within the core themes, two music therapy methods, improvisation and re-creation, and many music therapy techniques overlap and interweave.

Findings show a development of theory for this population that music therapists can naturally use improvisation and re-creative music therapy methods. They can use familiar songs, designing structured and repeated interactions in the music activities, following children in the moment to respond to them musically, and using musical elements to provide cueing and support. The four core themes identified in this research indicate the areas which can help children to participate in activities and improve their motor skills.
The role of vectors in emerging and re-emerging diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Authors: Rathor H. R.
Published: August 2021

Considerable attention has recently been drawn at a global level to the serious threat to humans by the new, emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Among the infectious vector-borne diseases, dengue, dengue haemorrhagic fever, yellow fever, plague, malaria, leishmaniasis, rodent-borne viruses and arboviruses are considered to be persisting, and sometimes re-emerging, with serious threats to human health. In the Eastern Mediterranean Region, dengue, malaria and leishmaniasis are the significant vector-borne diseases. This article discusses the role of vectors in the re-emergence of malaria, leishmaniasis and dengue fever and their control
The role of the laboratory in disease surveillance
Authors: Kay A. Bradford
Published: August 2021

Laboratory information is critical for disease surveillance and control programmes. Before an outbreak, laboratory-supported surveillance allows early detection of cases. During an outbreak a sample of cases should be laboratory confirmed to assess changes in the etiological agent and to guide decisions about the allocation of resources. Support is provided by laboratories of differing capabilities. Field laboratories are useful in areas where resources are limited or nonexistent. More complete testing is usually done in regional laboratories. International reference laboratories may identify rare or dangerous pathogens, identify newly described organisms, and provide uncommon diagnostic reagents. Laboratory information must be accurate, timely and subjected to quality assurance procedures
Role of health education programmes within the Libyan community
Authors: Elfituri A. A. , Elmahaishi M. S. , MacDonald T. H.
Published: August 2021

The effectiveness of existing Libyan health education programmes was evaluated in order to assess how the service may be improved. A representative sample of the general public completed a questionnaire on health knowledge, healthy behaviours and the impact of various health education media. The 872 participants ranked health education media by effectiveness, with television ranked highest and booklets and leaflets lowest. We recommend reorganization of the use of different health education media in future planning
Primary prevention of acute coronary events through the adoption of a Mediterranean-style diet
Authors: Panagiotakos D. B. , Pitsavos C. , Chrysohoou C. , Stefanadis C. , Toutouzas P.
Published: August 2021

We evaluated the role of a Mediterranean-style diet in preventing acute coronary syndromes [ACS]. Data from CARDIO2000, a multi-centre retrospective case-control study investigating the association between ACS and demographic, nutritional, lifestyle and medical risk factors were used. We studied 661 patients hospitalized for a first ACS event and 661 matched controls without clinical suspicion of cardiovascular disease. The Mediterranean diet significantly reduced [by 16%] the risk of developing ACS. The association remained significant in the presence of hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, sedentary lifestyle, diabetes mellitus or a combination of two of these cardiovascular risk factors. Our findings illustrate the importance of the Mediterranean diet in the primary prevention of acute coronary events
High altitude epidemic malaria in Bamian province, central Afghanistan
Authors: Abdur Rab M. , Freeman T. W. , Rahim S. , Durrani N. , Taha A. Simon , Rowland M.
Published: August 2021

We report an epidemic of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the remote valley of Bamian [altitude 2250 m-2400 m] in the central high l and s of Afghanistan. A team of malaria experts from the World Health Organization and HealthNet International carried out the investigation. A total of 215 peripheral blood smears were obtained and 63 cases of malaria [90.5% P. falciparum, the remainder P. vivax] were confirmed. The study revealed that areas vulnerable to malaria in Afghanistan are more widespread than previously recognized. The area had been malaria-free until recently, when the disease appears to have been introduced as a consequence of protracted conflict and resultant population movement, and transmitted locally during the short summer months. The outbreak led to severe morbidity and high mortality in a province having only a few poorly-provisioned health care facilities
ECONOMIC CLUSTER AND CLUSTER APPROACH IN THE ACTIVITIES OF CONSUMER COOPERATION
Authors: Mel'nikov Vasiliy , Mel'nikov Igor'
Published: August 2021

The article provides a definition of an economic cluster, as well as outlines the characteristics of an economic cluster and aspects of the cluster approach in the activities of consumer cooperation organizations. The comparison of the economic cluster and consumer cooperation organizations is carried out. The socio-economic orientation of consumer cooperation activities is highlighted. The content of the types of organizations included in consumer cooperation is presented. The use of the cluster approach in the activities and development of consumer cooperation is presented as the basis of the mechanism for increasing their competitiveness. A diagram of a typical cooperative cluster is presented, containing the types of organizations included in it and their interrelationships. The cluster is considered as a single economic system. Clarified the need to define the boundaries of a cluster that determine its effectiveness. The influence of the cluster on competition is expressed. The comparison of cluster and sectoral approaches to the consideration of the economy is carried out. The importance of interpersonal relations within the cluster is indicated as a guarantee of its successful development.
THE IMPACT OF MIGRATION PROCESSES ON THE FORMATION OF HUMAN POTENTIAL AND CAPITAL OF SEVASTOPOL
Authors: Deryugin Pavel , Yarmak Ol'ga , Strashko Ekaterina , Yarmak Veronika , Astrahanceva Elena
Published: August 2021

The article presents the results of the analysis of the impact of the migration factor on the dynamics of the human potential of the Sevastopol region. The huge migration growth in the city of Sevastopol over the past three years is of great interest for the study. This phenomenon cannot but influence the magnitude of the human potential of the region, the attitude of city residents to this phenomenon, as well as its network component.

The conclusions made as a result of the study include: 1) migration processes occurring in the region have a huge impact on all components of regional human potential, strengthening or weakening its network social component, which underlies the structure of potential, 2) analysis and calculation of indicators showed that degradation (loss) of human potential indicators is taking place in Sevastopol, in particular, a number of factors influencing the migration growth, as well as the problems of the indigenous population associated with migration processes, were identified. 3) The study revealed a widespread hostility towards migrants among city dwellers, with whom many associate an increase in crime, a complication of the situation on the labor market and other negative trends.
Formation of a model for managing the science intensity of enterprises of rocket and space engineering
Authors: Abrashkin Mihail , Barkovskaya Viktoriya
Published: August 2021

The industry of rocket and space engineering is high-tech, has a significant backlog in the field of R&D and is the locomotive of the national cosmonautics. In the context of the centralized management of the industry by the state corporation Roscosmos, and the existing system of cooperation and distribution of government orders, enterprises in the industry feel the need to move to a new level of economic development based on the growth of value added through R&D in manufactured products. One of the promising sources for the development of enterprises of rocket and space engineering can be the management of their science intensity. The model of management of the science intensity of enterprises, based on the structural analysis of research and production activities, involves the management of the ratio of R&D costs to the revenue and profit of the enterprise, which makes it possible to regulate the pricing policy of enterprises in rocket and space engineering, to substantiate many factors affecting the degree of science intensity of products.
CONCEPTUAL APPROACH TO PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT AND INTENSIFICATION OF CORPORATE FINANCE
Authors: Il'in Sergey , Ostaev Gamlet , Podrezov Aleksandr , Zlobina Oksana
Published: August 2021

The article discloses the author's position on the issues of calculating indicators reflecting the efficiency and intensification of the finances of organizations engaged in large business (corporate finance), which is the most popular among both the population and the state, due to their possession of hypertrophic resource potential, which they need rationally ( effectively) apply in the process of carrying out economic activities, including absolute leadership financial opportunities. It is based on the diversification of corporations' activities, which is a set of operational, investment, financial commercial transactions with corresponding cash receipts (results) and payments (costs), when comparing them with each other, performance indicators are formed that affect their subsequent change (intensification) ... The content of this position includes a toolkit composed of the proposed methods for determining the efficiency indicators and intensification of corporate finance of a direct (direct) and indirect (indirect) nature, which do not contradict the interpretations of both categories established in economic science and fully disclose the mechanism for the formation of interacting results. (net profit) and costs (payments), performance (direct profitability or direct profitability) and cost (indirect profitability or indirect profitability) of cash flows. All of these techniques will help managers heading corporations in accurately assessing efficiency and intensifying finance, including through the harmony of statistical and mathematical calculation postulates that fit into the concept developed by the authors.
The impact of currency risk on international outsourcing
Authors: Komarov Sergey
Published: August 2021

The paper considers the impact of currency risk on economic systems based on international outsourcing. The theoretical basis for constructing a model of the economic system based on international outsourcing, as well as economic speculative currency risk, is presented. The authors propose and describe a model of the impact of currency risk on economic systems based on international outsourcing. Mathematical modeling, as well as mathematical and graphical analysis of indicators characterizing the impact of currency risk are carried out. The results reflecting the impact of currency risk on a particular participant of the economic system, as well as on the system as a whole, under various particular conditions, are presented. The authors point out that currency risk in economic systems based on international outsourcing is expressed, not only explicitly, but also covertly through changes in the volume of production, cost and price of final value. Based on the modeling, general and specific criteria for the qualitative assessment of currency risk in international outsourcing are proposed. The results of the study can be used by organizations that are part of economic systems based on international outsourcing, regardless of the management approach and the mechanism for forming an economic system based on international outsourcing.
Improvement of the customs regulation mechanism of coal exports from the Russian Federation
Authors: Gupanova Yuliya , Gupanov Artur
Published: August 2021

The article discloses the essence and role of customs regulation of coal exports in the development of the coal industry of the Russian Federation. Based on the results of authors’ researches, the essence and elements of the mechanism of customs regulation of coal exports from the Russian Federation were clarified, the results of regulation and the system of key consumers needs were identified. These aspects allowed to determine the directions of implementation of the proposed mechanism, its subject area and conceptual model.
TRENDS AND PROSPECTS FOR INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIES AND SERVICES IN THE REGIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Dyusembinova Zhanar , Utegenova Zhuldyz , Zhumagulova Aliya , Moldakenova Erkezhan , Dzhakupova Aymgul' , Amrenova Galiya
Published: August 2021

According to the authors, the Republic of Kazakhstan has prospects for innovative development of industries and services in the regions. The trend of innovative development is aimed at the development, first of all, of agriculture, mining and services. Innovation is becoming a specialized area of development and humanitarian aid, combining new technologies with user-centered, behavioral and lean approaches. Structural transformation has been an important driver of economic development in recent decades. And since digital technologies have become a critical factor in economic growth, national security and international competitiveness, the digital economy has a profound impact on the trajectory of the world and the social well-being of ordinary citizens. It affects everything from resource allocation to income distribution and growth. However, in modern conditions, the possibility of enhancing innovation should be considered from the standpoint of the growth of its investment support, since the establishment of interaction between investment and innovation processes, whether in the agricultural sector, in the industry and services, creates the appropriate conditions for the effective development of the country's economy as a whole.
MODERN PROBLEMS OF SECURING YOUTH IN RURAL AREAS
Authors: Gemadeeva Julia
Published: August 2021

The key contradictions in the transformation of the social infrastructure of rural areas are that the necessary transformation requires significant financial investments, and funding flows are invariably small. In addition, the specifics of rural areas are that the transformation being implemented requires significant investments, but the degree of financing is still small. And there are also constant discussions between the importance of using effective resources and the simultaneous territorial spread of the rural population, between the importance of system maintenance of society and the formation of specialization of rural economic entities and social structures.

Currently, it is not possible to improve the conditions and management in rural areas without trained professional personnel. Solving the difficulties of securing young people in the village, it is necessary to develop and carry out a set of measures to increase quality indicators and attractiveness.
CAB DIRECT IS THE FOCUS OF A SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS FROM 2011 TO 2013: BEANS SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ARTICLES
Authors: L. Rajendran
Published: August 2021

Bean researches from 2011 to 2013 were collected from the CAB Direct Online database using scientometric analysis. Between 2011 and 2013, 36 papers were written, according to the report, with 21 papers being highly published in 2011. The most common topic among scientists interested in beans research was Biology and breeding of food legumes, with 13 papers (36.1%), followed by Nutrient deficiencies of field crops: guide to diagnosis and management, with 5 papers (13.8%). Combating micronutrient deficiencies: food-based approaches; Crop plant anatomy; Natural products in plant pest management; and African vegetable production and marketing: socioeconomic research papers published in the same journal (5.55%). Indian scholars have written more papers on bean studies than authors from other countries. Gujarat, Jharkhand, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, and Chattisgarh are the major bean-growing states in India. Bean trade outnumbers all other crops combined in India, and global demand for Indian beans is increasing.
COMPARISON ON VEGETATION COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF EXCLOSURES VS. OPEN GRAZING LANDS IN NORTHERN ETHIOPIA
Authors: Jemaneh Samson Shimelse
Published: August 2021

This study was conducted with the objectives of study investigates, compare, and try to describe the floristic composition and structure of the vegetation of exclosures and open grazing lands. A stratified preferential sampling design technique with flexible systematic model was used for data collection. Data on vegetation and environmental parameters were gathered from 120 quadrants (90 from restorations or exclosures of different ages and 30 from adjacent open grazing lands), of 20 m x 20 m (400 m2) size. Species richness and the presence or absence of herbaceous plants were recorded like soil samples in a 2 m x 2 m (4 m2) subplot inside each main quadrant from five points, one at each corner and one at the center.  A total of 142 plant species belonging to 118 genera and 52 families were identified. All exclosures displayed higher plant species richness, diversity, and aboveground standing biomass compared to the adjacent open grazing lands. Consideration of edaphic (e.g. soil total nitrogen, available phosphorus, CEC, exchangeable bases, soil pH and soil texture) and site (e.g. Stoniness, Grazing) variables will help to optimize the selection of areas for the establishment of future exclosures. Moreover, our study suggests that with time exclosures may increasingly obtain an important role as refugees and species pool similar to church forests and should be protected and managed in a sustainable manner. However, economic and social impacts of exclosures should be included in feasibility studies before establishing exclosures in the future.  Altitude, Grazing and some soil parameters like Mg were the major environmental factors in the division of the vegetation into plant community types. The result of the frequency distribution of woody species showed a high proportion of small-sized individuals in the lower diameter classes indicating good recruitment potential of the forest patches and the rare occurrence of large individuals. Such trend was probably caused by past disturbance of the original vegetation resulting in a succession of secondary vegetation. In addition, the analysis of species population structure indicated that some tree species had abnormal population structure with no or few individuals at lower size classes. Moreover, assessment of regeneration status on the basis of age classes indicated that significant proportion of woody species were represented by few or no seedlings, entailing that they were under threat. Substantial numbers of forest species were found to have irregular population structure and are in reduced regeneration status. To prevent local extinction of these species, present efforts of nursery establishment and plantation of indigenous species in the exclosures should be strengthened and extended.
Tree damage, growth and phenology after a hurricane in a tropical dry forest in Veracruz
Authors: Williams-Linera Guadalupe , Alvarez-Aquino Claudia , Tolome Javier
Published: August 2021

As a major disturbance, hurricanes affect growth and phenology of trees. Tree diameters were annually measured for three years, and the phenology of 16 tree species monthly recorded in a seasonally dry tropical forest in Veracruz, Mexico, when on September 2010, Hurricane Karl struck the region. One month later, tree damage was recorded and phenological observations resumed for 12 more months, and diameter measurement for two more years. Tree damage due to the hurricane was high: 10 % were uprooted, 7 % broken and 2 % bent. All trees uprooted died, but some broken or bent trunk trees resprouted (15 % of tagged trees died). Overall, mean diameter growth of trees that survive the hurricane (0.79 cm yr-1) was greater than pre-hurricane growth rate (0.68 cm yr-1). For all the studied species together, leaf fall, leafing, and flowering phenology did not differ between pre- and post-hurricane whereas fruiting was lower for the post-hurricane year. At species level, most species displayed differences in reproductive phenology between pre-hurricane and post-hurricane years. Most species did not flower, lower flowering and fruiting (Calyptranthes schiedeana), or did not fruit (Luehea candida, Maclura tinctoria, Tabebuia chrysantha) the year following the hurricane. In conclusion, due to hurricane damage, tree mortality was high but many trees recovered from damage, and that the hurricane negatively influenced intensity in reproductive phenology, and in turn may alter forest structure, shift species composition, and affect the trophic relationships and functioning of the whole forest community.
Evaluación de plantaciones de Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC. y Swietenia macrophylla King en el Centro-Occidente de México
Authors: Rueda Sánchez Agustín , Benavides Solorio Juan de Dios , Sáenz Reyes J. Trinidad , Muñoz Flores Hipólito Jesús , Castillo Quiroz David , Sáenz Ceja Jesús Eduardo
Published: August 2021

El éxito en el establecimiento y desarrollo de las plantaciones forestales depende de que las especies sean las adecuadas para las condiciones edafoclimáticas de los sitios de plantación. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la supervivencia y crecimiento de plantaciones de 12 años con Tabebuia rosea (rosa morada) y Swietenia macrophylla (caoba), en cuatro localidades de Jalisco, Colima y Nayarit. Se determinó la diferencia estadística entre localidades con análisis de varianza y prueba de comparación de medias de Tukey, para las variables supervivencia, diámetro normal, altura, volumen y sus incrementos medios anuales. Los resultados indican que la supervivencia de T. rosea varió de 35 a 82 % y en S. macrophylla entre 79 y 83 %. Hubo diferencias significativas (p < 0.05) entre localidades en las variables de crecimiento. T. rosea destacó por su diámetro normal, altura y volumen en la localidad IV (Costa de Jalisco), mientras que S. macrophylla tuvo un mejor desarrollo en diámetro normal y volumen en la localidad II (El Verdineño); posiblemente, por el efecto del tipo de suelo en estos sitios. Los resultados sugieren que lugares bajo condiciones edafoclimáticas similares a esas localidades son aptos para el establecimiento de plantaciones forestales con ambas especies tropicales en el Centro-Occidente de México.
LOW BACK PAIN;
Authors: Safdar Fakhrah , Sangrasi Siknader Ali , Waseem Muhammad Hassan , Shaikh Asif Gulzar
Published: August 2021

Background: TENS is widely used for the relief from pain this procedure wasfirst observed by Luigi Galvani in 1970. Low back pain is the commonest problem for themajority of the population; most of the people have non-specific and mechanical lower backpain so the physiotherapist can easily treat the low back pain by applying the Transcutaneouselectrical nerve stimulation because it works through pain gate theory and opioids mediatedtheory. Objectives: The aims and objectives of this study are to show the effectiveness and theefficacy of TENS among the physiotherapist for the management of pain along with manualtherapy techniques. Design of study: A retrospective study was conducted. Study Design:Retrospective study. Setting: OPD of IPRS LUMHS, Jamshoro. Period: Six (06) months fromJuly to December 2015. Methods and Materials: The sample was randomly selected with 75patients of nonspecific chronic low back pain. Database: APTA, Pub Med, Google scholar.Results: The Results present the effectiveness of TENS by showing the significance p-valuei-e 0.00 of pain intensities before and after treatment intervention. Conclusion: This study wasdone to look for the effectiveness of TENS with or without standard physiotherapy treatmentthe results of this study show the effectiveness of TENS for the alleviating of pain but still thereis room for research on this topic to find out the efficacy of the treatment in much more depthand details.
DEPRESSION;
Authors: Ali Bokhari Syed Rizwan , Khalid Syed Arsalan , Nadeem Nida , Saleem Sidra , Sardar Zumar , Malik Ayesha , Mansur Abeera
Published: August 2021

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) in pregnant women is commonly seen indeveloping countries. It is associated with significant morbidity, social and personal implications.We conducted a study to assess the prevalence and severity of depression in patients withpregnancy related AKI (PRAKI) in a tertiary care center. Methodology: Patients with PRAKIadmitted from 1-16 to 6-16 under Nephrology service, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore were included inthis cross-sectional study. The Hamilton Rating scale for depression (HAM-D) version translatedand adapted in Urdu, was used to assess the study population. These patients were interviewedwith the HAM-D questionnaire on their first encounter with Nephrology department. Previoushistory of psychiatric illness was excluded. The diagnosis of AKI was based on the classificationof the Acute Kidney Injury Network group. Results: The mean age of the patients was 24±5years. Seventeen (57%) patients were multipara and 13(43%) patients were primigravida. Of the30 patients with AKI, 8 (27%) presented before 28 weeks and 22 (63%) presented after 28 weeksof gestation. The causes of AKI included postpartum hemorrhage in 9 (30%), sepsis in 8 (27%),preeclampsia/eclampsia in 6(20%), shock in 4 (13%) and coagulopathy in 3 (10%) patients.Alive and healthy fetus was found in only 15 (50%) patients. Twenty-one (70%) patients receivedaverage of 5-8 hemodialysis sessions during their hospital stay. Twenty-three (76%) had nodepression (0-7 score), 2 (7%) had mild (8-13 score), 3 (10%) had moderate (14-18 score) and2 (7%) had severe (19-22 score) depression according to HAM-D score. Conclusions: Ourstudy depicted considerable depression of varying degrees in women with PRAKI, increasedawareness and effective monitoring for depression should be integrated into regular maternalcare to decrease morbidity associated with it.
TYPHOID FEVER;
Authors: Hassan Zulfiqar-Ul- , Shafiq Afrah , Saghir Gulpash , Naseer Rahat , Fatimah Mufakhara , Malik Mahwash , Hassan Taha
Published: August 2021

Objectives: The study was planned to see the serum lipid levels and c-reactiveproteins in patients with enteric (Typhoid) fever. Design: Comparative. Setting: Study wasconducted at the department of Pharmacology, University of veterinary and animal sciences,and Lahore. Period: from April 2014 to October 2014. Methodology: A total 100 subjectswere included in the study. Amongst them there were 50 patients with typhoid fever and 50normal individuals. All subjects fulfilled the criteria of inclusion in study and informed consentin written form was taken. Three millimetre venous blood was drawn from each subject, whowas centrifuged and serum was preserved for quantitative analysis of Total cholesterol (TC),Triglycerides (TGs), High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), Low-density lipoproteincholesterol(LDL-C) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Results: According to this study there waselevation in the levels of TGs and decline was observed in the levels of HDL, LDL, and TC,which is due to lipid peroxidation in typhoid patients. This study highlighted the complexityof lipid variation during Salmonella typhi infection. Elevated level of C-reactive protein reflectsthe immune response to infection by typhoid patients. Conclusion: CRP may play a role inearly diagnosis of perforation in patients with typhoid fever. Typhoid fever causes biochemicalchanges and it should be further investigated to make them helpful for diagnosis.
GRADE 1-2 OSTEOARTHRITIS OF KNEE JOINT;
Authors: Nawaz Muhammad Saleem , Amer Noreen , Asim Hafiz Muhammad
Published: August 2021

Objectives: To determine the outcome of isometric exercises (Quadriceps) aloneand in combination with grade 1-2 Knee joint mobilizations to manage pain and to improvephysical functioning in patients of knee Osteoarthritis. Study Design: A Quasi experimentalstudy on 80 freshly diagnosed Osteoarthritis patients. Setting: Physiotherapy Department ofFatima Memorial Hospital Shadman. Methods: Those patients were divided in two groups(Mobilization group and Combination group). There was no significant difference between age,education, co-morbidities and initial WOMAC score in different domains (pain, stiffness, physicalfunction) and total WOMAC score of the two treatment groups before treatment. WOMAC scalewas used as an assessment tool to measure the outcome of treatment in different groupsbefore and after treatment (follow up 2weeks). Results: There was significant improvementseen in all 3 domains of WOMAC scale (pain, stiffness and physical activity) in Combinationgroup in Grade 1-2 knee Osteoarthritis. According to Paired t test mean difference betweenpost-Pre values of both groups was highly significant (p=0.000) in all domains. Conclusion:Combination of (Grade1- 2 Maitland and Isometric of Quadriceps) was seen more effective interms of improvement in pain, stiffness and physical activity in Grade 1- 2 Osteoarthritis thanthe quadriceps isometrics alone.
MOLAR CARIES;
Authors: Shams Salman , Hassan Syed Ghazanfar , Punjabi Suneel Kumar , Abdullah Soonhan
Published: August 2021

Objectives: To identify risk factor of distal surface caries on mandibular secondmolar associated with partially erupted mandibular third molar. Setting: The study wasconducted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Liaquat University HospitalJamshoro/Hyderabad from April 2013 to September2013. Methodology: Total 273 patientsof either gender with age 16-45 years had partially impacted mandibular third molar, wereincluded. Diagnosis was made on clinical as well as periapical view and OPG examination.Distance from CEJ of mesial surface of third molar to CEJ of distal surface of second molarwas measured in millimeters. Results: Results about association of caries with other variablesshowed that significant association of caries was observed with gender, winter classification,Pell Gregory (ramus), and angulation with p<0.01. The association of caries was also observedwith age and third molar site with p<0.05. The association was not significant with Pell Gregory(occlusal) and distance with p> 0.05. Conclusion: It was concluded with the results of thisstudy that there was an increased risk of developing dental caries in 2nd molar tooth at distalsurface with risk factor being partially erupted mandibular 3rd molar, mesioangular, class I, levelA, and angulation of more than 30 degrees.
SUBFERTILITY;
Authors: Hussain Rana , Nasir Farzana , Hashim Nazia , Naqvi Sonia
Published: August 2021

Objectives: To determine the frequency of different aetiological factorsresponsible for subfertility. Study Design: Cross sectional descriptive case series. Setting:Baqai institute of reproduction and developmental sciences (BIRDS). Period: January 2013-December 2013. Methods: All the couples presented with subfertility and had undergonethe required investigations were included in this study. Results: Among 982 couples majority730(74.33%) had primary and 252(25.66%) had secondary subfertility. Female factors wereresponsible in 44.60%, male in 34.31%, combined in 19.85% and unexplained in 1.22%. Themost frequent cause of female subfertility was anovulation found in 50.39% followed by tubalblockage in 47.39%. Among male factors39.84% had asthenospermia while 19.92% hadoligospermia, 12.96% had obstructive azospermia. Conclusion: Significant number of femaleswith primary subfertility had anovulation while majority with secondary subfertility had tubalblockage. Male factors were also predominent cause of subfertility. In most of the couples ARTsare the only means to achieve a child.
SKIN DISEASES;
Authors: Ghirano Imran Ahmed , Sheikh Salma , Ali Arain Ashique
Published: August 2021

Background: Skin gives beauty and protection to the body of all living animalespecially to human being. It is continuously exposed to a number of pathogens and other riskfactors resulting into a variety of diseases. Children are affected by different dermatologicalproblems that need to be addressed and managed early to avoid further complications.Material and Methods: 518 Children of both sexes with age range from 1months to 11 yearssuffering from any kind of skin disease were randomly selected after taking consent fromthe parents. Study Design: It was an observational study. Study Settings: This study wasconducted in department of Pediatrics OPD Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences.Study Duration: Study duration was 6months from March 2012 August 2012. SamplingTechnique: Probability Sampling (Simple Random Sampling) was used to select the studysamples. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistical technique used to show frequencyand percentage of the data. Mean and standard of numerical variables were calculated wascalculated for qualitative variables. SPSS 22 was used to analyze the data. Results: 57% ofthe study population was male children and 43% were female showing high prevalence of skindiseases in male as compared to females. Scabies was found to be most common in bothgroups (32.43%) followed by Folliculitis (13.13%), Impetigo (11.39%) and Tenia Capitus (8.69%)mean age of our study patient was 5 years. Conclusion: Skin diseases are more prevalent inFemale children as compared to male children.