bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minimization for current peak-to-peak value in switched reluctance motor
Authors: Shang Chaoyi , Xu Aide , Li Qianni , Huang Lepeng
Published: January 2020

For switched reluctance motor (SRM), due to the excessive peak-to-peak current occurs at the initial stage under the direct instantaneous torque control (DITC) algorithm, the motor efficiency has been affected to some extent. For this propose, a DITC optimization algorithm combined with high torque per ampere (HTPA) is introduced in this paper. Based on the traditional maximum torque-to-current ratio (MTPA) principle, the changing points of the inductance slope can be calculated. These points are also refer to the maximum torque-to-current ratio. Taking these points as the basis for sector division of the mechanical angle of each phase, the operation rule is optimized in the newly divided interval to select the corresponding voltage vector. The optimal voltage vector is obtained by the method of segmented variable duty cycle modulation. The new algorithm was validated on a three-phase 12/8 switched reluctance motor. Compared to conventional DITC, HTPA-DITC reduces peak current evidently. At the same time, the three- phase stator current is reduced under the same load conditions, thereby increasing the torque-to-current ratio of the motor.
Minimization torque ripple for SRM based on flux linkage partition in DB-DTFC
Authors: Li Qianni , Xu Aide , Shang Chaoyi , Huang Lepeng
Published: January 2020

This paper proposes a novel deadbeat torque and flux control (DB-DTFC) to reduce torque ripple for switched reluctance motor (SRM). DB-DTFC combines the advantages of direct torque control (DTC) and space-vector modulation (SVM). DB-DTFC leads current vector control into DTC in order to find the equation between torque and current through deadbeat prediction theory i.e. a beat reaches a given point. In addition, the deadbeat calculation module here is similar to that of permanent magnet synchronous motor. Based on dq0 reference frame of SRM, the most suitable dq0 axis current of next moment corresponding to different torque errors is calculated and predicted. According to the calculated dq0 axis current, the optimal space voltage vectors can be selected to reduce torque ripple. In order to verify the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed scheme, DB-DTFC is verified and compared with the DTC-SVM by simulation.
Features of Chronic Exertional Compartmental Syndrome of the Leg in
Elite Nordic Skiers
Authors: Calvelli Nadege , Vergès samuel , Rousseaux-Blanchi Marie-Philippe , Edouard Pascal , Guinot Michel
Published: January 2020

This study aimed to assess prevalence and incidence of chronic exertional
compartmental syndrome as well as functional outcomes after surgery in elite
Nordic skiers. An exhaustive list of 294 elite Nordic skiers from the French
national teams between 1994 and 2014 was analyzed through their individual
medical files in order to identify cases of chronic exertional compartmental
syndrome. Eighteen athletes had confirmed diagnosis and performed a
structured interview to identify factors associated with chronic exertional
compartmental syndrome and surgery outcomes. The prevalence was 6.1%
and the incidence 13 per 1000 skier-years. Biathletes had a higher
prevalence than cross-country skiers (OR=0.40, p=0.08).
Free-technique skiing and roller-skiing were the main conditions inducing
symptoms. All injured athletes had bilateral surgery and 94% of them
reported no more or sporadic leg pain after. Almost 90% resumed
competition at the same or higher level than prior surgery. Compare to
previous studies, the incidence rate of chronic exertional compartmental
syndrome is higher in French elite Nordic skiers. The higher prevalence in
biathletes and the trigger during free-technique skiing suggest a
contribution of this technique to this disease. This study also confirmed
that surgery was an efficient therapeutic solution without compromising
athletes’ career.
Basketball Activity Classification Based on Upper Body Kinematics and
Dynamic Time Warping
Authors: Hu Xinyao , Mo Shaorong , Qu Xingda
Published: January 2020

Basketball activity classification can help document players’ statistics,
allow coaches, trainers and the medical team to quantitatively supervise
players’ physical exertion and optimize training strategy, and further
help prevent potential injuries. Traditionally, sports activity classification
was done by manual notational, or through multi-camera systems or motion sensing
technology. These methods were often erroneous and limited by space. This study
presents a basketball activity classification model based on Dynamic Time
Warping (DTW) and body kinematic measures. Twenty participants, including 10
experienced players and 10 novice players, were involved in an experimental
study. The experienced and novice players differed in their years of playing
basketball. Four basketball movements, including shooting, passing, dribbling,
and lay-up were classified by kinematic measures. The results indicate that the
proposed model can successfully classify different basketball movements with
high accuracy and efficiency. Specifically, with the resultant acceleration of
the hand, this model can achieve classification precision, recall, and
specificity up to 0.984, 0.983 and 0.994, respectively. Findings from this study
supported the feasibility of using DTW in real-time sports activity
classification and provided insights into the optimal sensor placement for
basketball activity classification applications.
Effectiveness of Multi-activity, High-intensity Interval Training in School-aged Children
Authors: Ketelhut Sascha , Kircher Eva , Ketelhut Sebastian R. , Wehlan Emanuel , Ketelhut Kerstin
Published: January 2020

The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based multi-activity HIIT on aerobic fitness (AF) and hemodynamic parameters in children. 46 students were randomized into an intervention group (INT) (N=22) and a control group (CON) (N=24). Throughout a 3-month intervention period, both INT and CON participated in the regular physical education classes (PE) twice a week. Only INT received an instructed HIIT during the first 20 min of the PE. In addition to an AF-test, peripheral (pBP) and central (cBP) blood pressure, augmentation pressure (AP), and aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) were assessed. Significant differences in intervention effects in favor of INT were detected for AF (7.73, P=0.007), peripheral systolic BP (−6.13 mmHg, P=0.038), central systolic BP (−5.19 mmHg, P = 0.041), AP (−2.02 mmHg, P=0.013), and aPWV (−0.19 m/sec, P=0.031). The regular HITT intervention showed beneficial effects on AF, BP, and parameters of vascular stiffness already in children.
Pelvic Floor Muscle Training in Female Athletes: A Randomized
Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Pires Telma Filipa , Pires Patricia Maria , Moreira Maria Helena , Gabriel Ronaldo Eugênio Calçadas Dias , João Paulo Vicente , Viana Sara Alexandra , Viana Rui Antunes
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pelvic floor muscles
training in elite female volleyball athletes and whether it is an effective
therapy for stress urinary incontinence. Fourteen athletes, both continent and
incontinent, between 18 and 30 years of age, were randomly assigned to an
experimental group or a control group. The experimental group received a
protocol for pelvic floor muscle training for 4 months. This consisted of three
phases: awareness/stabilization, strength training and power. The
control group was not subject to any intervention during the same period.
Measures were collected at the initial and final phase for both groups. Maximum
voluntary contractions were evaluated with a perineometer, involuntary urine
loss with a Pad test and quality of life with the King’s Health
Questionnaire. Baseline sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics were
not significantly different. Comparing the two groups, the experimental group
improved maximum voluntary pelvic contractions (p<0.001) and reduced
urine loss (p=0.025), indicating the existence of significant
differences between groups in the variation from the initial and final phases.
The percentage of urine loss decreased in the experimental group, from
71.4–42.9%, suggesting that the protocol intervention for 16
weeks may help athletes with stress urinary incontinence.
Evaluation eines Behandlungskonzeptes für die neurologische
Anschlussrehabilitation nach Schlaganfall (Phase D): Studienprotokoll
für eine Multicenterstudie
Authors: Knapp Sebastian , Oesterle Ulrike , Kaluscha Rainer , Krischak Gert
Published: January 2020

Ziel der Studie Die AOK Baden-Württemberg verfolgt das Ziel einer
einrichtungsübergreifenden, hochwertigen Versorgungsqualität zur
Sicherstellung einer stabilen Gesamtversorgungssituation und der Steigerung der
Leistungstransparenz in der neurologischen Rehabilitation nach Schlaganfall. Um
dieses Ziel zu erreichen, initiierte sie das Projekt „AOK-proReha
Schlaganfall“. Die Sektion Versorgungsforschung und
Rehabilitationsforschung (SEVERA) des Universitätsklinikums Freiburg
entwickelte dazu im Auftrag der AOK Baden-Württemberg unter Beteiligung
neurologischer Rehabilitationseinrichtungen ein neues modulares
Behandlungskonzept zur Standardisierung der Behandlung von Schlaganfallpatienten
der Phase D. Die wissenschaftliche Evaluation des neuen Behandlungskonzeptes
erfolgt durch das Institut für Rehabilitationsmedizinische Forschung an
der Universität Ulm (IFR Ulm).

Methoden Die Evaluation erfolgte im Rahmen einer kontrollierten
Multicenterstudie. In die Studie wurden Schlaganfallpatienten der Phase D
eingeschlossen. Die Rekrutierung wurde in 14 neurologischen
Rehabilitationseinrichtungen in Baden-Württemberg durchgeführt.
Dabei wurden in drei Einrichtungen ausschließlich Fälle
für die Interventionsgruppe und in sechs Zentren nur Fälle
für die Kontrollgruppe rekrutiert. In fünf weiteren
Rehabilitationseinrichtungen wechselte das Therapieregime von bisherigen
klinikspezifischen Behandlungskonzepten zum neuen Behandlungskonzept. In diesen
Häusern wurden Patienten, die vor Einführung des neuen
Behandlungskonzepts entsprechend der bisherigen klinikspezifischen
Therapiekonzepte behandelt wurden, in die Kontrollgruppe eingeschlossen. Nach
Implementierung des neuen Behandlungskonzepts wurden dann Patienten für
die Interventionsgruppe rekrutiert. Primäre Zielgrößen
des Gruppenvergleichs sind die Behandlungsergebnisse, d.h. die funktionale und
kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit sowie die Fähigkeit zur
Durchführung der Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens. Dabei
wurde die Assessmentbatterie zusammen mit einem Expertenbeirat aus den
Rehabilitationseinrichtungen entwickelt.

Ergebnisse Die Rekrutierung der historischen Kontrollgruppe in den
Rehabilitationseinrichtungen, die das neue Behandlungskonzept implementieren,
wurde im März 2018 abgeschlossen. Dabei konnten insgesamt 122 Patienten
eingeschlossen werden.

Diskussion Das Studienprotokoll beschreibt die Methodik im Zuge der
wissenschaftlichen Begleitung des Modellprojekts. Von den
Rehabilitationseinrichtungen wurde insbesondere das praxisnahe Vorgehen gut
aufgenommen. Die Studie wird klären, ob eine flächendeckende
Dissemination des neuen Behandlungskonzeptes empfohlen werden kann.
Somatosensory Evoked Potential and Transcranial Doppler Monitoring to Guide Shunting in Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Jeschko Johannes , Seidel Kathleen , Schucht Philippe , Bervini David , Fung Christian , Krejci Vladimir , Z'Graggen Werner , Fischer Urs , Arnold Marcel , Goldberg Johannes , Raabe Andreas , Beck Juergen
Published: January 2020

Objective Clamping of the internal carotid artery (ICA) during carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a critical step. In our neurosurgical department, CEAs are performed with transcranial Doppler (TCD) and somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) monitoring with a 50% flow velocity/amplitude decrement warning criteria for shunting. The aim of our study was to evaluate our protocol with immediate neurologic deficits after surgery for the primary end point.

Methods This is a single-center retrospective cohort study of symptomatic and asymptomatic ICA stenosis patients from January 2012 to June 2015. Only those cases in which CEA was performed with both modalities (TCD and SEP) were included. The Mann-Whitney U test was applied to evaluate TCD and SEP ratios based on immediate postoperative neurologic deficits.

Results A total of 144 patients were included, 120 (83.3%) with symptomatic ICA stenosis. The primary end point was met by six patients (4.2%); all of them were patients with a symptomatic ICA stenosis. The stroke and death rate was 1.4%. Ratios of SEP amplitudes demonstrated significant differences between patients with and without an immediate postoperative neurologic deficit at the time of ICA clamping (p = 0.005), ICA clamping at 10 minutes (p = 0.044), and ICA reperfusion (p = 0.005). Ratios of TCD flow velocity showed no significant difference at all critical steps.

Conclusion In this retrospective series of simultaneous TCD and SEP monitoring during CEA surgery of predominantly symptomatic ICA stenosis patients, the stroke and death rate was 1.4%. SEP seemed to be superior to TCD in predicting the need for an intraoperative shunt and for predicting temporary postoperative deficits. Further prospective studies are needed.
Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potential Testing in Vestibular Localization and Diagnosis
Authors: Taylor Rachael L. , Welgampola Miriam S. , Nham Benjamin , Rosengren Sally M.
Published: January 2020

Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) are short-latency, otolith-dependent reflexes recorded from the neck and eye muscles. They are widely used in neuro-otology clinics as tests of otolith function. Cervical VEMPs are recorded from the neck muscles and reflect predominantly saccular function, while ocular VEMPs are reflexes of the extraocular muscles and reflect utricular function. They have an important role in the diagnosis of superior canal dehiscence syndrome and provide complementary information about otolith function that is useful in the diagnosis of other vestibular disorders. Like other evoked potentials, they can provide important localizing information about lesions that may occur along the VEMP pathway. This review will describe the VEMP abnormalities seen in common disorders of the vestibular system and its pathways.
Vertigo Due to Vascular Mechanisms
Authors: Kim Hyun Ah , Lee Hyung , Kim Ji-Soo
Published: January 2020

Isolated dizziness and vertigo due to vascular mechanisms are frequently misdiagnosed as peripheral vestibulopathy or vestibular migraine. For diagnosis of strokes presenting with an acute prolonged (≥ 24 hours) vestibular syndrome, findings on clinical examination, such as HINTS (negative head impulse tests, detection of direction-changing gaze-evoked nystagmus, and presence of skew deviation), are more sensitive than findings on neuroimaging. Since HINTS alone cannot securely detect anterior inferior cerebellar artery strokes, additional attention should be paid to the patients with unexplained hearing loss in addition to acute prolonged vestibulopathy. For diagnosis of transient (< 24 hours) spontaneous vestibular syndrome due to vascular mechanisms, the presence of associated craniocervical pain and focal neurological symptoms/signs is the clue. Even without these symptoms or signs, however, vascular imaging combined with perfusion- and diffusion-weighted MRI should be performed in patients with multiple vascular risk factors or a high ABCD2 score (age, blood pressure, clinical features, duration of symptom, and presence of diabetes).
An approach for fully automatic femoral neck-shaft angle evaluation on radiographs
Authors: Wei Qiang , Han Jungang , Jia Yang , Zhu Liyang , Zhang Shuai , Lu Yufeng , Yang Bin , Tang Shaojie
Published: January 2020

Femoral neck-shaft angle (NSA) is the angle included by the femoral neck axis (FNA) and the femoral shaft axis (FSA), which is a critical anatomic measurement index for evaluating the biomechanics of the hip joint. Aiming at solving the problem that the physician’s manual measurement of the NSA is time consuming and irreproducible, this paper proposes a fully automatic approach for evaluating the femoral NSA on radiographs. We first present an improved deep convolutional generative adversarial network to automatically segment the femoral region of interest on radiographs of the pelvis. Then based on the geometrical characteristic of the femoral shape, the FNA and FSA are fitted, respectively, and thus, the NSA can be evaluated conveniently. The average accuracy of the proposed approach for NSA evaluation is 97.24%, and the average deviation is 2.58° as compared to the measurements manually evaluated by experienced physicians. There is no significant statistical difference (P = 0.808) between the manual and automatic measurements, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient is 0.904. It is validated that the proposed approach can provide an effective and reliable tool for automatically evaluating the NSA on radiographs.
Research on a fiber Bragg grating temperature measurement method for inter-satellite laser link
Authors: Wang Chi , Zhang Yidong , Sun Jianmei , Yang Chenye , Ren Xuan , Li Jinhui , Zhang Ding
Published: January 2020

In this paper, a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) temperature measurement method for intersatellite laser link is studied. Based on the analysis of the FBG temperature measurement method, the FBG sensing demodulation system is built to calibrate its wavelength and temperature parameters. The experimental data of temperature gradient monitoring are compared with the on-orbit real-time temperature data of a satellite’s solar array measured by the thermistor to verify the temperature monitoring accuracy and stability of the FBG sensing demodulation system. The FBG sensing demodulation system and the thermistor temperature measurement system are compared under the same environmental conditions during the constant temperature period, the continuous heating phase and the natural cooling phase. The results show that during the constant temperature period, the temperature fluctuation range and standard deviation of the FBG sensing demodulation system are ±0.16 °C and 0.08 °C, respectively, which is significantly better than the performance of the thermistor temperature measurement system, whose temperature fluctuation range and standard deviation are ±5.92 °C and 1.08 °C, respectively. The temperature response speed of the former is significantly faster than that of the latter during the continuous heating phase and the natural cooling phase.
Experimental study on the slip velocity of turbulent flow over and within porous media
Authors: Guo Chunsheng , Li Yanwei , Nian Xianbo , Xu Minghai , Liu Hai , Wang Yaan
Published: January 2020

The phenomenon of coupled flow between free flow and porous media is characteristic of fluid flowing across porous media, but the slip characteristics at the coupling interface need to be further studied. The purpose of this work is to investigate the velocity distribution of turbulence with a high Reynolds number above and in porous media. In this paper, a visual flume test bench is built to simulate porous media as an accumulation of spherical glass beads with a diameter of 10 mm. The free flow velocity of fluid crossing the porous media and the velocity inside the porous media are measured by ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry. The effects of Reynolds number, relative water depth, and porosity parameters on the slip velocity and momentum transfer near the interface are studied. The results show that the slip coefficient of a porous-media bed with 0.331 porosity ranges from 0.000 082 to 0.000 594, while that of a porous-media bed with 0.476 porosity ranges from 0.000 034 to 0.001 068. The slip velocity increases with the increase in Reynolds number but decreases with the increase in relative water depth and porosity. The thickness of the transition layer in the porous-media region is insensitive to the Reynolds number and relative depth, but sensitive to porosity and increases with the increase in porosity. In this study, the influence of effective parameters on turbulent velocity is studied by experiments, which provides an important reference value for the development of a theoretical model in turbulent flow.
Synergetic effect on catalytic activity and charge transfer in Pt-Pd bimetallic model catalysts prepared by atomic layer deposition
Authors: Jang Moon-Hyung , Kizilkaya Orhan , Kropf A. Jeremy , Kurtz Richard L. , Elam Jeffrey W. , Lei Yu
Published: January 2020

Pt-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles were synthesized on TiO2 support on the planar substrate as well as on high surface area SiO2 gel by atomic layer deposition to identify the catalytic performance improvement after the formation of Pt-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles by surface analysis techniques. From X-ray absorption near edge spectra of Pt-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles, d-orbital hybridization between Pt 5d and Pd 4d was observed, which is responsible for charge transfer from Pt to Pd. Moreover, it was found from the in situ grazing incidence X-ray absorption spectroscopy study that Pt-Pd nanoparticles have a Pd shell/Pt core structure with CO adsorption. Resonant photoemission spectroscopy on Pt-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles showed that Pd resonant intensity is enhanced compared to that of Pd monometallic nanoparticles because of d-orbital hybridization and electronic states broadening of Pt and Pd compared monometallic catalysts, which results in catalytic performance improvement.
A low temperature functioning CoFeB/MgO-based perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction for cryogenic nonvolatile random access memory
Authors: Lang Lili , Jiang Yujie , Lu Fei , Wang Cailu , Chen Yizhang , Kent Andrew D. , Ye Li
Published: January 2020

We investigated the low temperature performance of CoFeB/MgO-based perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (pMTJs) by characterizing their quasi-static switching voltage, high speed pulse write error rate, and endurance down to 9 K. pMTJ devices exhibited high magnetoresistance (>120%) and reliable (error rate < 10−4) bi-directional switching with 2–200 ns voltage pulses. The endurance of the devices at 9 K surpassed that at 300 K by three orders of magnitude under the same write conditions, functioning for more than 1012 cycles with 10 ns write pulses. The switching voltage at 9 K was observed to increase by 33% to 93%, depending on the pulse duration, compared to that at 350 K. Ferromagnetic resonance and magnetization measurements on blanket pMTJ film stacks suggest that the increased switching voltage is associated with an increase in the energy barrier of the free layer with decreasing temperature. Our work demonstrates that CoFeB/MgO-based pMTJs have great potential to enable cryogenic magnetic random access memory and that their exchange stiffness, magnetization, and effective magnetic anisotropy can be further optimized to lower operating power and improve endurance.
Quantum double inclusions associated to a family of Kac algebra subfactors
Authors: De Sandipan
Published: January 2020

We defined the notion of the quantum double inclusion [S. De, J. Math. Phys. 60, 071701 (2019)] associated with a finite-index and finite-depth subfactor, which is closely related to that of Ocneanu’s asymptotic inclusion, and studied the quantum double inclusion associated with the Kac algebra subfactor RH ⊂ R, where H is a finite-dimensional Kac algebra acting outerly on the hyperfinite II1 factor R and RH denotes the fixed-point subalgebra. In this article, we analyze quantum double inclusions associated with the family of Kac algebra subfactors given by {RH⊂R⋊H⋊H*⋊⋯︸m times:m≥1}. For each m > 2, we construct a model Nm⊂M for the quantum double inclusion of RH⊂R⋊H⋊H*⋊⋯︸m−2 times, where Nm=((⋯⋊H−2⋊H−1)⊗(Hm⋊Hm+1⋊⋯ ))′′,M=(⋯⋊H−1⋊H0⋊H1⋊⋯ )′′, and for any integer i, the notation Hi stands for H or H* according as i is odd or even. In this article, we give an explicit description of the subfactor planar algebra associated with Nm⊂M (m > 2) which turns out to be a planar subalgebra of P*(m)(Hm) (the adjoint of the m-cabling of the planar algebra of Hm). We then show that for each m > 2, the depth of Nm⊂M is always two. Observing that Nm⊂M is reducible for all m > 2, we study in great detail the weak Kac algebra structure of the relative commutant (Nm)′∩M2.
Non-magnetic origin of spin Hall magnetoresistance-like signals in Pt films and epitaxial NiO/Pt bilayers
Authors: Churikova A. , Bono D. , Neltner B. , Wittmann A. , Scipioni L. , Shepard A. , Newhouse-Illige T. , Greer J. , Beach G. S. D.
Published: January 2020

Electrical control of magnetic order in antiferromagnetic insulators (AFIs) using a Pt overlayer as a spin current source has been recently reported, but detecting and understanding the nature of current-induced switching in AFIs remain a challenge. Here, we examine the origin of spin Hall magnetoresistance-like signals measured in a standard Hall bar geometry, which have recently been taken as evidence of current-induced switching of the antiferromagnetic order in Pt/AFI bilayers. We show that transverse voltage signals consistent with both the partial switching and toggle switching of the Néel vector in epitaxial Pt/NiO bilayers on Al2O3 are also present in Pt/Al2O3 in which the AFI is absent. We show that these signals have a thermal origin and arise from (i) transient changes in the current distribution due to nonuniform Joule heating and (ii) irreversible changes due to electromigration at elevated current densities, accompanied by long-term creep. These results suggest that more sophisticated techniques that directly probe the magnetic order are required to reliably exclude transport artifacts and thus infer information about the antiferromagnetic order in such systems.
Interpreting the chemical mechanism in SERS using a Raman bond model
Authors: Chen Ran , Jensen Lasse
Published: January 2020

We present a first-principles model that partitions Raman intensities to atomic and bond contributions. This framework allows us to interpret the chemical mechanism in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) as interatom charge flow modulations, which we define as Raman bonds. Hirshfeld partitioning and charge density localization are applied to express polarizability derivatives as charge flow modulations. Model systems consisting of pyridines, thiols, and carbenes interacting with metal clusters are studied using time-dependent density functional theory. We demonstrate that the mode-specific enhancements can be explained as Raman bonds conjugated across the molecule-metal interface. We also illustrate that the changes in Raman intensities induced by electric fields or chemical substitutions can generally be interpreted as changes of charge flows. The model is shown to work consistently for different types of molecule-metal bonds. Furthermore, our work shows that increasing the Raman bond conjugation across the interface leads to stronger chemical enhancements. The Raman bond model developed in this work provides a quantitative and intuitive interpretation of the chemical mechanism in SERS.
Ba(Ce,Zr)O3-based electrodes for protonic ceramic electrochemical cells: towards highly compatible functionality and triple-conducting behaviour
Authors: Kasyanova Anna V. , Tarutina Liana R. , Rudenko Anna O. , Lyagaeva Julia G. , Medvedev Dmitry A.
Published: January 2020

Protonic ceramic fuel cells and electrolysis cells represent low- and intermediate-temperature electrochemical devices, which allow chemical-to-electrical energy conversion with very high efficiency and low environmental impact. In order to ensure the long-term operability of these devices, as well as to provide for their up-scaling, a number of existing challenges associated with chemical and thermal incompatibilities pertaining to the functional materials remain to be overcome. This work presents a comprehensive overview of new electrode materials based on barium cerate/zirconate. The structural fragments of these materials are similar to those of the proton-conducting Ba(Ce,Zr)O3electrolytes, which causes superior chemical compatibility between different functional materials. The primary emphasis of the research is on the functional properties of these materials such as chemical stability, thermal expansion behaviour and transport features. This in turn determines the electrochemical performance of the designed electrodes. In addition, the possibility of obtaining triple-conducting materials is discussed as means of designing electrodes with a high electrochemical active surface area required for the design of high-performance protonic ceramic fuel and electrolysis cells.

The bibliography includes 208 references.
CTCF mediates chromatin looping via N-terminal domain-dependent cohesin retention
Authors: Pugacheva Elena M. , Kubo Naoki , Loukinov Dmitri , Tajmul Md , Kang Sungyun , Kovalchuk Alexander L. , Strunnikov Alexander V. , Zentner Gabriel E. , Ren Bing , Lobanenkov Victor V.
Published: January 2020

The DNA-binding protein CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) and the cohesin complex function together to shape chromatin architecture in mammalian cells, but the molecular details of this process remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that a 79-aa region within the CTCF N terminus is essential for cohesin positioning at CTCF binding sites and chromatin loop formation. However, the N terminus of CTCF fused to artificial zinc fingers was not sufficient to redirect cohesin to non-CTCF binding sites, indicating a lack of an autonomously functioning domain in CTCF responsible for cohesin positioning. BORIS (CTCFL), a germline-specific paralog of CTCF, was unable to anchor cohesin to CTCF DNA binding sites. Furthermore, CTCF–BORIS chimeric constructs provided evidence that, besides the N terminus of CTCF, the first two CTCF zinc fingers, and likely the 3D geometry of CTCF–DNA complexes, are also involved in cohesin retention. Based on this knowledge, we were able to convert BORIS into CTCF with respect to cohesin positioning, thus providing additional molecular details of the ability of CTCF to retain cohesin. Taken together, our data provide insight into the process by which DNA-bound CTCF constrains cohesin movement to shape spatiotemporal genome organization.
Controlled phage therapy by photothermal ablation of specific bacterial species using gold nanorods targeted by chimeric phages
Authors: Peng Huan , Borg Raymond E. , Dow Liam P. , Pruitt Beth L. , Chen Irene A.
Published: January 2020

Significance

New methods for detecting and killing antibiotic-resistant, Gram-negative bacteria are of prime interest for a wide variety of applications. While phages have long been considered as potential antibacterial agents, many concerns about phage therapy stem from the fact that phages are replicating, evolvable entities whose biology is poorly understood in most cases. These concerns could be addressed by destroying the phage immediately upon use. We accomplish this by conjugating phages to gold nanorods, whose excitation by near-infrared light causes localized heating that essentially cooks nearby bacteria. Thus, the phages deliver gold nanorods to the targeted bacteria, and the nanorods destroy both bacteria and phages simultaneously. This strategy transforms phages from an evolving biological entity into a controlled, drug-like reagent.
Physiological responses to gravity in an insect
Authors: Harrison Jon F. , Adjerid Khaled , Kassi Anelia , Klok C. Jaco , VandenBrooks John M. , Duell Meghan E. , Campbell Jacob B. , Talal Stav , Abdo Christopher D. , Fezzaa Kamel , Pendar Hodjat , Socha John J.
Published: January 2020

Significance

While it has long been known that vertebrates rely on compensatory responses to gravity with changing body orientation, this topic has not been previously studied in invertebrates. Here, we use synchrotron X-ray imaging and radio-tracing to demonstrate that body orientation has dramatic effects on hemolymph and air distribution in grasshoppers, and that grasshoppers exhibit similar physiological responses to gravity as vertebrates. Our findings suggest that gravity-driven cardiovascular responses may be ancient and widely shared among animals, opening the door for invertebrates as model systems for investigation of cellular and systemic mechanisms of gravity responses. Furthermore, future physiological studies of arthropods should control for body position.
Doing business and constructing identities through small talk in workplace instant messaging
Authors: Mak Bernie Chun Nam
Published: January 2020

This paper describes how bilingual colleagues living in Hong Kong make small talk in instant messaging to achieve
various business-oriented goals and construct multiple identities in the discursive process. Guided by James Paul Gee’s revised
framework of discourse analysis, the analyses evidenced that, overall, colleagues use small talk in instant messages to maintain
minimal ties with distant partners, fill in silence during computer work, affect informal decision-making at work, and to diffuse
useful surrounding information into business talk. These instances interplay with different affordances provided by the gadgets in
the instant messenger interfaces. Such creative usage, together with the perceived nature of online interaction and instant
messaging, results in multiple and turbulent identities circulating in the broader context of workplace discourse. The article
concludes by arguing that computer-mediated communication has offered participants an emerging modus of interacting socially,
beyond the physical and psychological constraints of time and space.
How can CDA unravel power relations in media representations of conflict in the Middle East?
Authors: Bazzi Samia
Published: January 2020

This study attempts to show the role of translation in giving meaning to conflicts whether by reproducing the
dominant political beliefs of a particular media society or by resisting counter-ideologies that come from foreign sources of
information. It utilizes Critical Discourse Analysis as an effective method for the analysis of power relations behind news
reporting. The research uses a corpus from international media and their equivalent texts into Arabic between 2013 and 2017. The
data covers events on conflicts in Syria, Iraq, Bahrain and Yemen, each article reporting issues about conflict and its impact on
arenas of struggle. Through this case study of transediting, I will explore how textual analysis can unravel power relations and
hegemonic orders of discourse. The study shows that translation is a site of conflict and has much to say about reasons for
conflict and the complex relationship between language and power. The proposed tools of analysis in this study are based on
functional language analysis and will show how language structuring, in particular transitivity analysis, articulates the logic
created by the media outlet regarding reasons for conflict. The case study concludes that different media structure the current
wars in the Middle East in different chains of causal dependence that can impact the reading positions of the readers.
Clathrin’s adaptor interaction sites are repurposed to stabilize microtubules during mitosis
Authors: Rondelet Arnaud , Lin Yu-Chih , Singh Divya , Porfetye Arthur T. , Thakur Harish C. , Hecker Andreas , Brinkert Pia , Schmidt Nadine , Bendre Shweta , Müller Franziska , Mazul Lisa , Widlund Per O. , Bange Tanja , Hiller Michael , Vetter Ingrid R. , Bird Alexander W.
Published: January 2020

Clathrin ensures mitotic spindle stability and efficient chromosome alignment, independently of its vesicle trafficking function. Although clathrin localizes to the mitotic spindle and kinetochore fiber microtubule bundles, the mechanisms by which clathrin stabilizes microtubules are unclear. We show that clathrin adaptor interaction sites on clathrin heavy chain (CHC) are repurposed during mitosis to directly recruit the microtubule-stabilizing protein GTSE1 to the spindle. Structural analyses reveal that these sites interact directly with clathrin-box motifs on GTSE1. Disruption of this interaction releases GTSE1 from spindles, causing defects in chromosome alignment. Surprisingly, this disruption destabilizes astral microtubules, but not kinetochore-microtubule attachments, and chromosome alignment defects are due to a failure of chromosome congression independent of kinetochore–microtubule attachment stability. GTSE1 recruited to the spindle by clathrin stabilizes microtubules by inhibiting the microtubule depolymerase MCAK. This work uncovers a novel role of clathrin adaptor-type interactions to stabilize nonkinetochore fiber microtubules to support chromosome congression, defining for the first time a repurposing of this endocytic interaction mechanism during mitosis.
Iterative image reconstruction in transcranial photoacoustic tomography based on the elastic wave equation
Authors: Poudel Joemini , Na Shuai , Wang Lihong V , Anastasio Mark A
Published: January 2020

Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) is an emerging computed imaging modality that exploits optical contrast and ultrasonic detection principles to form images of the photoacoustically induced initial pressure distribution within tissue. The PACT reconstruction problem corresponds to a time-domain inverse source problem, where the initial pressure distribution is recovered from the measurements recorded on an aperture outside the support of the source. A major challenge in transcranial PACT of the brain is to compensate for aberrations and attenuation in the measured data due to the propagation of the photoacoustic wavefields through the skull. To properly account for these effects, a wave equation-based inversion method can be employed that can model the heterogeneous elastic properties of the medium. In this study, an optimization-based image reconstruction method for 3D transcranial PACT is developed based on the elastic wave equation. To accomplish this, a forward-adjoint operator pair based on a finite-difference time-domain discretization of the 3D elastic wave equation is utilized to compute penalized least squares estimates of the initial pressure distribution. Computer-simulation and experimental studies are conducted to investigate the robustness of the reconstruction method to model mismatch and its ability to effectively resolve cortical and superficial brain structures.
Investigation of the behavior of effective charge of Aditya tokamak plasmas
Authors: Chowdhuri M B , Manchanda R , Ghosh J , Jadeja K A , Patel Kaushal M , Kumar Vinay , Patel Ketan M , Atrey P K , Joisa Y Shankara , Bhatt S B , Tanna R L
Published: January 2020

The effective charge, Z
eff, of the plasmas of the Aditya tokamak has been analyzed to understand its behavior. It has been measured through the monitoring of the visible bremsstruhlang continuum emission around 523.4 nm from the plasma using an optical fiber, interference filter and photo multiplier tube based visible spectroscopic system. It has been found that the values of Z
eff fall in the range of 1.7–4.0 and decrease with increasing plasma electron density, n
e and the incremental value of Z
eff is inversely proportional to n
e
2. The value of Z
eff reduces in the range of 1.7–2.5 in the discharges produced after the Li coating compare to the values of 2.0–3.5 range in the discharges before the Li coating in the Aditya tokamak. Details analysis on the contribution to Z
eff from various impurities suggests that reduction of Z
eff after Li coating is not only due to decrease of oxygen concentration, but also other impurities, such as iron, inside the plasma.
Simulation study on cooperation behaviors and crowd dynamics in pedestrian evacuation*
Authors: Ma Ya-Ping , Zhang Hui
Published: January 2020

Pedestrian evacuation is actually a process of behavioral evolution. Interaction behaviors between pedestrians affect not only the evolution of their cooperation strategy, but also their evacuation paths-scheduling and dynamics features. The existence of interaction behaviors and cooperation evolution is therefore critical for pedestrian evacuation. To address this issue, an extended cellular automaton (CA) evacuation model considering the effects of interaction behaviors and cooperation evolution is proposed here. The influence mechanism of the environment factor and interaction behaviors between neighbors on the decision- making of one pedestrian to path scheduling is focused. Average payoffs interacting with neighbors are used to represent the competitive ability of one pedestrian, aiming to solve the conflicts when more than one pedestrian competes for the same position based on a new method. Influences of interaction behaviors, the panic degree and the conflict cost on the evacuation dynamics and cooperation evolution of pedestrians are discussed. Simulation results of the room evacuation show that the interaction behaviors between pedestrians to a certain extent are beneficial to the evacuation efficiency and the formation of cooperation behaviors as well. The increase of conflict cost prolongs the evacuation time. Panic emotions of pedestrians are bad for cooperation behaviors of the crowd and have complex effects on evacuation time. A new self-organization effect is also presented.
Focus on the role of forests and soils in meeting climate change mitigation goals: summary
Authors: Moomaw William R , Law Beverly E , Goetz Scott J
Published: January 2020

It is clear that reducing greenhouse gas emissions alone is insufficient to avoid large global temperature increases. To avoid atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases that result in dangerous alterations of the climate, large reductions in carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel combustion and land use changes must be accompanied by an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide sequestration. Natural Climate Solutions have become a major focus of climate policy. Land and ocean ecosystems remove and store atmospheric carbon, and forests play a major role. This focus collection includes papers that address three important aspects of the role for forests in meeting climate change mitigation goals: (i) Carbon Accounting of forest sinks and reservoirs, process emissions and carbon storage in forest products, (ii) the carbon dioxide dynamics of using Forest Bioenergy and (iii) the carbon cycle of Tropical Forests.
Composite binders from mining waste
Authors: Khudyakova L I , Kotova I Yu , Timofeeva S S
Published: January 2020

The possibility of obtaining composite binders with the addition of mining waste represented by magnesium silicate rocks is considered. They are low active in their natural state. Mechanical activation of raw mixtures was used during carrying out of research works. It was found that with increasing mechanical activation time from 1 minute to 20 minutes, the specific surface of the raw mix increases, the chemical activity of the surface layer increases. It helps to accelerate the solid-phase reactions with the formation of silicates such as diopside, monticellite, mervinite. The optimal time of mechanical activation was determined, at which the largest amount of mixed calcium, magnesium and iron hydrosilicates was noted in the hydrated system. The formation of these products of hydration causes high physical and mechanical indicators of binding compositions. It was found out that during 15 minutes of grinding the raw mix, the flexural and compressive strength of binding compositions at the age of 28 days of normal-humidity hardening reaches a maximum value. The use of mining waste in the production of building materials allows us to obtain new types of products. At the same time, environmental problems associated with the placement of technogenic raw materials are solved.
Analysis of the roller bit lubrication system
Authors: Shevchenko A N , Krasnoshtanov S Yu , Ruuz M V , Perfilyev V A
Published: January 2020

The results of most studies conducted in the field of improving the reliability and performance of roller drill bits indicate the main cause of their failure, which is the failure of the bearing unit. We believe that work on improving the reliability and performance of roller bits lies in the modernization of existing or the development of fundamentally new lubrication systems for roller bits.
Engineering geology as s basis for environmental management and protection of the geological environment
Authors: Verhozin I I
Published: January 2020

Modern engineering Geology, as a science that studies the geological environment, is of great importance for the justification of environmental management. Nature management involves the regulation of human activities to engage in the consumption of natural resources: land, forests, minerals, water and other objects. Nature management is contradictory: creating and consuming, it often violates the natural balance and causes the development of man-made geological processes and phenomena that change, destroy and pollute the geological environment. These changes lead to the depletion or even to the complete degradation of the existing biocenoses in a particular territory, deterioration of the quality of the environment. All this has a negative impact on the quality of life. Therefore, any activity in the field of environmental management, ecology and protection of the geological environment should be based on the study of specific engineering-geological conditions of a territory, and therefore be based on the laws and basic provisions of engineering Geology
Localized electrochemical redox reactions in yttria-stabilized zirconia single crystals
Authors: Rodenbücher Christian , Szot Kristof , Wrana Dominik , Jany Benedykt R , Krok Franciszek , Korte Carsten
Published: January 2020

Herein, electroreduction in yttria-stabilized zirconia are investigated by means of Hebb-Wagner polarization experiments. By performing optical and thermal microscopy on single crystals and thin films during the application of an electric field under vacuum or oxygen-tight sealed conditions, the movement of the reduction front from the cathode to the anode, which causes a blackening of the material, is monitored. When performing electrocoloration experiments on thin film samples, the progressing reaction of the blackened region was found to be inhomogeneous and evolves as a dendrite-like finger structure. The progression of the blackening fingers follow preferentially the electric field lines and thus are influenced by distortions in the field that can be caused by metallic particles embedded in the oxide. In contrast to this, in the first stage of the reduction process no significant influence of mechanically-induced dislocations on the morphology or kinetics on the electroreduction can be found. Only after a heavy electroreduction was a localized transformation of the surface region observed. There is an evolution of highly oxygen deficient ZrOx regions, which have a characteristic checked topography pattern at the microscale level.