bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical study of Evaluation of the Effect of Tranexamic Acid in Primary Cleft Palate Surgery in Children
Authors: Nishat Mufassar , Iqbal Sohail , Ahmed Armaghan , Younas Shoaib , Deokah Liaqat Ali , Rashid Zakariya
Published: November 2021

Aim : To evaluate tranexamic acid effect on quality of surgery. Design: Double-blind study, Prospective and randomized Place & time of study: June 2020 to may 2021Allama iqbal memorial trust hospital Gujranwala. Methods: Two groups of candidates were made. The saline was administered to the control group whereas tranexamic acid was administered as 0.01g/kg in a bolus form, before surgical incision to tranexamic acid group. On a 10-point scale, grading of surgical field, primary hemorrhage and satisfaction of surgeon Results: As far as operating surgeon satisfaction is concerned, noteworthy improvement was witnessed and evaluation of surgery in case of control individuals group as compared to in case of test individual group in the tranexamic acid individuals group was estimated against the control members of group. Conclusion: tranexamic acid was given in dosage of 0.01g/kg of before surgical incision showed improved in a great way in surgical field during repairing of cleft palate operation. Keywords: tranexamic acid surgical field, pediatric, palatoplasty satisfaction, cleft palate
To Observe the Treatment Outcomes of Duodenal Injury in Penetrating and Blunt Trauma Patients
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Jamil Muhammad Aamir , Yousaf Imran , Anwer Muhammad  Faheem , Anwar Muhammad Waseem
Published: November 2021

Aim: To study about the management of duodenal injury in two clinical aspects, blunt and penetrating injury, along with its complications. Study design: Observational case series. Place and duration of study: Accident & Emergency and General Surgery Departments at M. Islam Teaching Hospital, Gujranwala from March 2019 to March 2020. Methodology: One hundred patients presenting in Accident & Emergency and General Surgical Department of with penetrating chest trauma as diagnosed clinically were included. Routine investigations like complete blood tests, X-rays and special investigations i.e. ultrasound, CT scan were done only in cases where patients were stable. Each hemithorax was divided into medial and lateral hemithorax by an imaginary line drawn longitudinally from clavicle down to the costal margin passing through the nipple. All patients were observed for the type of treatment they were getting i.e. thoracotomy or tube thoracostomy. Patients who were initially treated with tube thoracostomy were cautiously observed for any developing indications for thoracotomy. If such indications arose thoracotomy would be arranged at the earliest possible. Results: A total of 100 patients, 85 (85%) were males and 15 (15%) were females. Male to female ratio was 5.66:1. The mean age of patient was 35.65±9.75 years. There were 38 (38%) had road traffic accidents, 10 (10%) were fall, 7 (7%) injured with fight, 41 (41%) victims of firearm injury and only 4 (4%) victims of stab. The mean blood pressure was 82.15±7.97mmHg. Eighty five (85%) patients were stay in the hospital for 2 weeks and while 15 (15%) were hospital stay >2 weeks. The mean values of hospital stay was 12.45±4.16 days. Conclusion: It is concluded that penetrating thoracic trauma is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The overall complications rate for blunt trauma injuries after adequate treatment is 18% and mortality rate is 8%. Keywords: Blunt trauma, Thorocotomy, Tube thoracostomy, Pneumothorax
Study of Age and Gender Predilections amongst the Victims of Burns of Domestic Violence
Authors: Munir Javaid , Buzdar Zulfiqar Ali , Haq Zia ul , Sibtain Fazli Muhammad Anwar , Zaman Fakhar uz
Published: November 2021

Background: Human life from conception till death needs some sources of energy or heating mechanism to advance from a day to another in the process of livelihood. From innocent infants falling victims to fires, toddlers to scalds, youth to vitriolage and elders to enmity of a variety of sources or to their own debilitation bring them close to the fire source let them fell a prey to burns. Aim: To observe the age and gender predilections amongst the victims of burns Methods: The study was carried out among 250 victims of burns presented from December 2017 to August 2018 and reported in the Accident and Emergency Department of Mayo Hospital Lahore and filtered in Medicolegal Clinic of King Edward Medical University Lahore. Results: The study revealed maximum involvement of pediatric and geriatric age groups falling victim to burn incidents. In an analysis as a whole almost 84% victims were belonging to these two extremes of ages. Gender disparity showed a slight difference of just 10% showing female preponderance being exposed to burns. Keywords: Burns, Age, Gender, Variation, Disparity
Statistical Study of Self Medication with OTC and Antibiotics in three major cities of Pakistan
Authors: Imran Ashraf Muhammad Imran Ashraf, Muhammad Shahid JavedMuhammad , Javed Muhammad Shahid , Rana Shazana , Mehmood Yasir , Roomi Mudassar Ali , Inam Asma , Yousaf Hammad
Published: November 2021

Aim: To discover the frequency of self-medicine with antibiotics/OTC amongst population of 3 metro cities of Pakistan (Lahore, Multan, and Islamabad). Methods: As we realize that antibiotic resistance has the ability to have an effect on humans at any level of life, in addition to the healthcare, veterinary, and agriculture industries, making it one of the global’s most pressing public health issues. There are a couple of motives for resistance and the maximum not unusual are self-medication and pharma industries antibiotic wastage without remedy. The survey used was primarily based on a cross-Sectional examine that's used to collect data on a populace at a single factor in time. Results: The material required for this survey covered Performa containing a list of questions concerning self-medicinal drug with OTC drugs and antibiotics. One hundred patients from every metropolis have been interviewed in line with the Performa/ questionnaire. Conclusion: This survey indicated want for energetic involvement of health care experts, specially physicians and pharmacists, in educating and counseling the populace approximately the safe utilization of medication, even though it is hard to eliminate self-remedy practice legal rules can be made approximately the sale of OTC pills and antibiotics so as to maximize the exercise of rational use of medication. Keywords: Antibiotics, Prescription, Health Care, Rational, Wastage
Comparison of Successful Outcome in Medical Versus Expectant Management in Patients with Unruptured T. P. having Β-Hcg 1000-3000 Iu/L
Authors: Malik Bilqees Akhtar , Arshad Andleeb , Javaid Misbah Kausar
Published: November 2021

Objective: To compare the successful outcome in medical versus expectant management in patients with unruptured tubal pregnancy having β-hcg 1000-3000 IU/L. Materials & Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, total 90 patients of ectopic pregnancy having age 18-40 years and having size of ectopic mass< 4cm were selected from the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Combined Military Hospital, Bahawalpur from March 20 to September 20. Group A included patients in which expectant management was done while Group B included the patients in which medical management (single intramuscular injection of methotrexate in a dose of 50mg/m2) was done. After one week, successful outcome was compared between the both groups. Results: Total 90 women with tubal ectopic pregnancy were selected for this study. Comparison of successful outcome between the bot study groups was done. Mean age of the patients was 31.66 ± 6.44 years, mean gestational age was 7.83 ± 2.33 weeks and mean β-hcg levels 1565.45 ± 517.89 IU/L. In study group A, outcome was found successful in 40 (88.89%) patients and 31 (68.89%) patients of group B was found with successful outcome. After applying chi-square test, difference of successful outcome between the both groups was found statistically significant with p value 0.037. Conclusion: This study concluded that expectant management is associated with better outcome (β-hcg levels negligible i.e. <10 IU/L and complete resolution on ultrasonography (absence of adnexal mass, pelvic free fluid, gestational sac) within one week) as compared to medical management in women with tubal ectopic pregnancy having β-hcg between 1000-3000 IU/L Keywords: Ectopic pregnancy, methotrexate, expectant, resolution
Assessment of Gap Between Knowledge and Practice of PPES among Healthcare Professionals During Covid-19”
Authors: Sadiq Rizwan , Wadood Fazal , Faizan Muhammad , Abubakar Muhammad , Fatima Naimal , Haseeb Hafiz Abdul
Published: November 2021

Objective: To assess the gap between knowledge and practice of PPEs among healthcare professionals during COVID-19. Study design: Cross-Sectional study. Study setting: Sheikh Zayed Medical College/Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan. Study Duration: May-August 2020. Methodology: A total of 214 Healthcare professionals (including medical and paramedical staff) were included in this study using convenient sampling technique. Data was collected on pre-designed questionnaire. The questionnaire included information regarding age, sex, job title, working station, etc. then data was entered in and analyzed by using SPSS Version. 21. Numerical variables like age was presented as mean ± standard deviation. Categorical variables like sex, job title, working station were shown as percentages. Results: Our study included the subjects with 88 (41.1%) males and 126 (58.9%) females. Mean age of study subjects came out to be 26.6±3.954 years. It is observed that only 95 (44.4%) of the subjects have PPEs; only 85 (39.7%) were provided PPEs from their respective healthcare authorities and 137 (64%) can afford purchasing PPEs on their own. And there is a major gap seen between the knowledge about PPEs/ appreciation of their effectiveness and the practice of PPEs by these healthcare professionals. Regarding PPEs (which include gown, surgical mask, N-95 mask, gloves, goggles, head cover, shoe cover, social distancing, hand sanitizer and hand washing), this lag is seen majorly among the healthcare professionals working in general wards; less among emergency staff and least among the subjects working at flu filter clinic or isolation wards. Conclusion: Majority of healthcare professionals appreciate the effectiveness of PPEs against corona virus but don’t bring them into practice; either due to non-availability of PPEs or they have some attitude problem towards it. Keywords: Healthcare authorities, COVID-19, Knowledge, Practice, PPEs, Availability, Attitude
Recurrence rate of breast cancer after modified radical mastectomy at tertiary care hospital
Authors: Shabbir Asiya , Hussain Shahid , Asif Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Objectives: To assess the recurrence rate of breast cancer after modified radical mastectomy in cases of breast cancer at tertiary care hospital. Material and methods: Between the March 2020 to September 2020 (over the period of 6 months) total 110 women with breast cancer having age range 30-60 years were recruited from Department of Surgery, Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur for this cross sectional study. Modified radical mastectomy was performed in all selected patients. At 6 months follow up, all the selected patients was again examined for recurrence of breast cancer. Results: Total 110 patients with breast cancer were recruited. Mean age of the patients was 43.56 ± 8.9 years. Recurrence of breast cancer was found in 25 (23%) cases. Total 11 (10%) patients belonged to age group <30 years followed by 13 (11.82%) patients to age group 30-40 years, 41 (37.27%) to age group 41-50 years and 45 (40.91%) patients to age group 51-60 years. Recurrence of breast cancer was noted in 2 (18.18%) patients, 3 (23.08%) patients, 10 (24.39%) patients and 10 (22.22%) patients respectively. Statistically insignificant association of recurrence with age group was noted with p value 0.9776. Conclusion: Results of this study showed a higher rate of recurrence of breast carcinoma after modified radical mastectomy. Most of the patients belonged to 5th decade of life. Parity, educational status and marital status showed no association with recurrence of breast cancer.
Efficacy and Safety of Intralesional Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) Therapy in the Management of Chronic Non-healing Leg Ulcers in our Population
Authors: Javed Muhammad Aslam , Amin Sadaf , Raza Wishal , Yousuf Imran
Published: November 2021

Background: Autologous Platelets Rich Plasma (PRP) therapy not only hastens chronic wounds and ulcers healing but also diminishes the rate of amputations of lower leg caused by non-healing recalcitrant ulcers. In this study we have demonstrated the magical results of intralesional autologous PRP in the healing of resistant to heal chronic leg ulcers. Methods: In this metacentric study 26 patients having 30 chronic leg ulcers of more than 6 weeks duration and various etiologies, were treated with intralesional autologous PRP application on weekly basis for a duration of 8 weeks and the final results were calculated by percentage improvement in the volume and area of the ulcer/wound. Results: In our study 26 patient with 30 chronic recalcitrant leg ulcers/wounds were treated with intralesional autologous PRP therapy on weekly basis. Mean age of the included patients was 34.5 years. 19 were male patients and 7 were female. The mean time period of the healing of chronic ulcers was 5.3 weeks. The final mean percentage improvement outcome in the volume and area of the ulcers was calculated as 86% and 88% respectively. Conclusions: PRP therapy is safe, cost effective office based simple procedure in treating recalcitrant chronic leg ulcer/wounds. Keywords: Non-healing, intralesional, autologous platelet rich plasma, chronic ulcers
Frequency of Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Jamil Shazia , Mahmood Naveed , Haque Israr-ul- , Haque Rabiah , Imran-ul-Hasan Muhammad , Anwaar Maheen
Published: November 2021

Objective: To determine the prevalence of vitamin B-12 deficiency in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, OMC Hospital, Jail Road Lahore from January, 2020 to December, 2020. Methods: Two hundred and thirty pregnant females were enrolled age between 18-45 years. Detailed demographics of enrolled cases age, gestational age, gravidity and body mass index were recorded after taking informed written consent. Among 230 cases, 100 women were non GDM (group I) and 130 had gestational diabetes mellitus (group II). Blood samples were taken from all the patients for measuring vitamin B12 status. Vitamin B12 was defined as <300 pg/ml. Results: Mean age of the patients in group I was 31.64±7.45 years with mean BMI 25.88±8.65 kg/m2 while mean age among GDM group was 34.55±5.71 years with mean BMI 27.36±9.44 kg/m2. Mean gestational age in group I was 33.72±4.21 weeks and in group II 35.08±9.27 weeks. In group I 20 (20%) had vitamin B12 deficiency and in group II rate ofvitamin B12 deficiency was high among 90 (69.2%) cases. We found a significantly relation between vitamin B12 and GDM with p value <0.0007. Conclusion: The prevalence of vitamin B-12 deficiency among pregnant women of gestational diabetes mellitus was significantly high as compared to normal pregnant women. Keywords: Pregnant Women, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Vitamin B12 deficiency
Numerical and computational fluid dynamics analysis of airflow in the air intake manifold of a 1.8L engine with respect to different intake velocity
Authors: Valiavalappil Anand
Published: November 2021

The intake air manifold is a vital part of any internal combustion engine. The main purpose of the air intake manifold is to provide sufficient air to each cylinder and also equal distribution of air flow for each runner. The air needed to be distributed evenly within the runners, to achieve the maximum efficiency and performance of the engine. The present study is performed on the air intake manifold used over a 1.8-liter Dual Overhead Cam Engine (DOHC) in-Line16-valve 4-cylinder engine (2015 Model). The main objective of this study is to perform computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis using Ansys – Fluent package. The analysis is performed using steady-state and transient conditions. The simulations are performed by varying the air intake velocity, also the effect of each runner with references to the time (Transient). The mathematical calculation is performed to having different boundary conditions to enhancing the analysis. The results obtained for the outlet velocity using mathematical calculation 113m/sec and that of simulation is 79m/sec. This paper mainly focuses on the flow simulation study of the air-intake manifold using Ansys CFD Fluent for the four outlet runners with regards to the different inlet velocity. Furthermore, the study is incorporated by the mesh resolution method by using three different values such as (0, 4 and 7). This method can be adopted for any air-intake system and a comparative study can be performed.
Solid-Phase Extraction and GC/MS Confirmation of Heroin Abuse in Urine
Authors: Alabdalla Mahmoud A.
Published: November 2021

A method for the analysis of urine for the heroin abuse is described. The analytical procedure uses solid-phase extraction (SPE), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). It allows extraction, derivatization and analysis of 6-MAM and Morphine from urine. After solid-phase extraction was complete, the eluate was selectively derivatized with N-Methyltrimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide (MSTFA). Analysis was performed using a GC/MS system operating in full scan mode. The mass spectrum of the derivatized metabolites was searched manually against reference libraries for positive identification and the retention time checked against that of the standard. This procedure has increased both the amount and the reliability of information given to analyst. The system has been in routine operation processing 100-150 urine samples per week. The results of the analysis of standard reference material and actual samples are presented and discussed. The developed method is sensitive enough to assess relevant 6-MAM and morphine levels in urine for forensic investigations.
Numerical Experiments and Analysis of Shock Wave Diffraction around Structures
Authors: Bagabir Ahmed , Abutaleb Ahmed
Published: November 2021

Flows with adverse pressure gradients are more challenging to simulate numerically due to the boundary layer separation. However, the computational fluid dynamics have been used successfully to improve the understanding of the complex fluid dynamics of the transient shock-induced shear layers. The present research tries to investigate the eligibility of the inviscid, viscous (laminar), and turbulent solvers to find which ones reveal realistic results and agree best with the experiments. The solvers are based on the Euler, the Navier-Stokes equations, and the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations coupled with the SST turbulence model, respectively. A mesh-adaptive high-order AUSM+ numerical scheme is applied. A systematic validation is performed with three cases focusing on the mechanism of the shock wave diffraction and the behavior of the shear layer. They are shock wave diffraction over a backward-facing step, convex 8o sharp splitter, and curved splitter. The investigation reveals that it is crucial to apply a turbulent solver for flows with separation due to the adverse pressure gradient. The lack of viscosity is responsible for the deviation of the inviscid and laminar resolutions from experiments. Moreover, the CFD simulation reveals tiny details about the shock wave diffraction around curved structure not appear in the experimental schlieren and shadowgraph.
Prolotherapy Method in Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: AVŞAR Murat Tolga , OKUDAN Resmiye Nur , SOLMAZ İlker , SAMANCİ Rumeysa , NALBANT Gökhan
Published: November 2021

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of 5% dectrose prolotherapy on low back pain in patients with chronic low back pain without neurological deficits. Material-Method: Prolotherapy with 5% dextrose was applied to patients with localized low back pain, hip pain, spreading pain in the legs for more than six months. Stretching exercises were recommended after prolotherapy and an analgesic containing paracetamol (500 mg) + codeine phosphate (10 mg) + caffeine (30) mg was used for analgesia for the first 3 days. Prolotherapy was planned 3 times with an interval of twenty days. Results: Thirty patients between the ages of 24-73 were included in the study. Eighteen patients received 3 sessions whereas twelve patients received 2 sessions of prolotherapy. Visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores of all patients decreased. The mean pre-treatment VAS score was 8.43 and it decreased to 2.41 after the treatment. None of the patients had side effects that would terminate the treatment.Conclusion: The data obtained in the study show that prolotherapy is effective in treating chronic low back pain. We did not conduct long-term follow-up in our study. After three sessions and between sessions, we assessed the current state of well-being. More extensive studies will guide clarification of its place in the treatment of long-term low back pain.
Manejo exitoso de hipoparatiroidismo con PTH (1-34) o teriparatide
Authors: Severiche Bueno Diego Fernando , Serpa Serpa Cindy Melissa , Gutiérrez-Morales Carol Viviana , Rincón-Sierra Oswaldo
Published: November 2021

El hipoparatiroidismo es una enfermedad rara, para el año 2013 era la única enfermedad endocrina para la cual no estaba aprobado un manejo con la hormona faltante. En el 2015 se aprobó el uso de PTH (1-84) por parte de la Administración de Medicamentos y Alimentos de los Estados Unidos (FDA, por sus siglas en inglés); lastimosamente esta terapia no está disponible en todos los países y su uso implica altos costos para los sistemas de salud. Por lo anterior, se puede considerar el uso de PTH (1-34) como alternativa de manejo teniendo en cuenta que los estudios con esta molécula son previos a los estudios de la PTH 1-84, con buenos resultados en los pacientes evaluados. Es importante resaltar que la mayoría de los pacientes en los estudios clínicos de ambas moléculas, eran pacientes con hipoparatiroidismo posquirúrgico, por lo cual, su uso en pacientes con hipoparatiroidismo no quirúrgico no está bien establecido.
Burden of herpes zoster among Brazilian adults – a hospital-based study
Authors: Abreu Ariane de Jesus Lopes de , Venys Amanda , Jacob Wilson , Silva Thiago da , Henrique Angela , Gopala Kusuma , Barros Eliana Nogueira Castro de
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical features of herpes zoster in adult patients treated at a large tertiary care hospital in Brazil over a 5-year period. METHODS: The medical records of suspected herpes zoster cases (based on ICD-10 codes) were identified for full review. Convenience sampling was used to select the medical records from a tertiary hospital in São Paulo. We collected data about co-existing medical conditions, medication use, herpes zoster-related clinical features and outcomes, and healthcare resource utilization. RESULTS: A total of 249 individuals whose first episode of herpes zoster occurred between 2010 and 2014 were included. The mean patient age was 55 years (range 18–96), and the majority were women (63.05%) and aged ≥ 50 years (63.86%). Medical comorbidities were reported in 92.77%, including diabetes (19.68%) and HIV infection (7.63%). Current/recent use of immunosuppressive agents was reported in 31.73%. A total of 65.86% of the patients were hospitalized: 102 patients (40.96%) were admitted for herpes zoster management, while 62 (24.90%) were already receiving inpatient care. The mean hospital length of stay was 16.60 days. One-third (34.14%) were managed as outpatients. Postherpetic neuralgia was reported as a complication in 18.07%. CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective descriptive study found a high frequency of herpes zoster episodes in older adults with comorbidities who sought medical care at a tertiary hospital. These results also underscore the importance of understanding the epidemiology of this disease and developing control strategies for these at-risk populations in Brazil.
An early Roman tombstone from Dunaszekcső (TRHR 201)
Authors:   Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Piliscsaba, Kovács Péter , Pánya István ,   Katona József Múzeum of Kecskemét
Published: November 2021

A Roman tombstone from Dunaszekcső that can be dated to the middle of the 1st century AD is the subject of this paper. The stela is one of the earliest inscribed stone monuments in Eastern Pannonia and proves the existence of the early auxiliary fort of Lugio. As the missicius served 37 years and as he was a Tiberius Claudius (receiving his citizenship in 54 AD, at the latest), the tombstone clearly shows the existence of the cohors I Alpinorum around 17 AD, at the latest.
Neue Diplomzeugnisse für die Truppen in den Donauprovinzen aus dem 2. Jh.
Authors:   Universität zu Köln, Eck Werner , Pangerl Andreas
Published: November 2021

In the article seven new military diplomas are published: one for the troops in Moesia inferior from 13th May 105, a second for the troops of Dacia from 17th February 110, a third for the troops of Moesia superior under the governor Prifernius Paetus, a fourth for Dacia Porolissensis from October 142, a fifth for the troops in Pannonia inferior from 151 under the governor Nonius Macrinus, a sixth for the troops of Moesia superior under the legate Curtius Rufus from 157 and a diploma for the troops of Moesia inferior under the governor Vitrasius Pollio.
Medicine, religion and society in Dacia Porolissensis
Authors:   Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca, Varga Timea
Published: November 2021

The study aims to capture the diversity of medicine in Roman Imperial period, by investigating how people perceived illness and healing, both in medical and religious terms. First of all, the article examines some of the existent evidence for specialized medical care found in Dacia Porolissensis, in an attempt to validate the existence of specialized professional medical corps, to identify medical strategies adopted by them and ultimately to indirectly trace a list of possible ailments or diseases that the inhabitants of the province could have suffered of. Furthermore, the article tries to seize the social implications that emerge from the archaeological contexts or the particular decorations of some medical instruments. Finally, it maps a repertoire of the cult of the healing gods in Dacia Porolissensis, with a particular emphasis on their association with bathing in military contexts.
Forum provinciae in Sarmizegetusa
Authors:   Hungarian National Museum, Budapest, Szabó Ádám
Published: November 2021

L. F. Marsigli represented three archaeological structures on the map of Colonia Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa, made in 1699 and published in 1726 – the city walls, the amphitheatre and a rectangular, double-walled building which encloses an empty space, and which has a square-shaped niche on one side (Pl. I/2). The map, compared in scale to the results of archaeological excavations and geophysical surveys shows an exact match with the currently known groundplan of the city wall, its northeastern corner and the amphitheatre. The third building may be identified as the centre of the provincial assembly (concilium provinciae)1 and the provincial imperial cult, namely the forum provinciae, that was situated within the territory of the Area sacra (Pl. I/1; Pl. II), approximately 20 metres to the northwest from the location given by Marsigli. The two textual fragments previously found in the area also support the assessment of the structure of forum provinciae. The dislocation of the third building on the map was presumably due to misprinting or Marsigli’s field error. Today, the area is still unexplored, only future archeological excavations can justify or refute the exact characteristics, structure and periodisation of the third building depicted on Marsigli’s map.
Mălăiești. A trajanic fort in Muntenia – the results of recent magnetometric surveys
Authors:   Muzeul Național de Istorie a României, Țentea Ovidiu , Popa Alexandru ,   Muzeul Național al Carpaților Răsăriteni, Sf. Gheorge, Cîmpeanu Andrei ,   Institutul Național al Patrimoniului, București
Published: November 2021

Mălăiești Roman Fort is one of those forts abandoned by the Roman Army at the beginning of Hadrian’s reign. This reference site has only a very short term occupation between 102 and 118 AD. The research results presented here are based on the processing of the latest geophysical surveys of the site. The measurements were carried out with a 5-probe fluxgate gradiometer. The interpretation of the results was carried out in a comparative way with the research results of the last century (C. Zagoriț’ plan) and also with the results of the recent excavations. The results of the surveys contribute to a better understanding of the internal planning of the Mălăieşti fort. Mainly it is about the structure and configuration of the earthen wall along with the double defense trench system. Our results confirm a part of the visual observations made by C. Zagoriț before World War Two. Based on the dimensions of the fort (160 × 180 m) and on the number (24) and size of the barracks, it can be concluded that either a cohors milliaria peditata or an ala quingenaria, at full strength, was quartered at Mălăieşti.
A burial with weapons near the Late Iron Age fortress of Piatra Craivii
Authors:   Muzeul de Istorie Gherla, Henț Alin
Published: November 2021

The present paper presents four pieces kept in the collections of the Gherla History Museum (Cluj County). These four objects were briefly mentioned in the archaeological literature from Romania, and one of them was discussed and analysed in detail almost a decade ago. Most likely, the pieces were part of a funerary inventory dated in the Late Iron Age period and discovered near the fortress of Piatra Craivii (Alba County). The main purpose of this paper is therefore to bring these objects to the attention of the researchers who have as subject of study the Northern Balkan area in the Late Iron Age period.
Fragmentarische Militärdiplome aus der Zeit von Domitian bis Commodus
Authors:   Universität zu Köln, Eck Werner , Pangerl Andreas
Published: November 2021

A total of thirteen fragments of diplomata militaria are published. They date from the period between Domitian and Commodus: one each from the reign of Domitian, Nerva, Trajan and Commodus, and two each from the reign of Pius, Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus. But five alone date back to Hadrian, including the first he issued for the army of Egypt. There are two each for the troops of Moesia inferior and Pannonia superior, one each for Dacia inferior, Aegyptus and either for an Italian fleet or the Praetorians. Six more are for auxiliary troops, but remain unknown for which province.
The verbs “to write” and “to read” in the inscriptions of Dacia
Authors:   Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca, Fenechiu Carmen
Published: November 2021

The paper analyzes the uses of the verbs meaning “to write” and “to read” in the Latin inscriptions of Dacia, in order to discern what they can reveal about literacy and the attitudes toward it in this province of the Roman Empire. The verbs denoting the writing ability that are epigraphically attested are the following: scribere, conscribere, describere, proscribere, subscribere, and scire, the latter in the syntagm litteras scire. Out of these aforementioned verbs, scribere is the most frequently employed, with more than sixty occurrences, and it is found in different types of inscriptions, while its derivatives conscribere, describere, proscribere, and subscribere are each attested only once. Litteras scire is found thrice and exclusively in the wax tablets from Alburnus Maior, in the phrase se litteras scire negavit, a statement expressing the lack of knowledge of writing. On the other hand, only the verb legere is used to express reading and it is encountered just twice, both times in funerary inscriptions. As the occurrences of verbs denoting the writing ability exceed so overwhelmingly the ones denoting the reading competency, it is evident that the inscriptions stress and express one facet of literacy (writing) to the almost exclusion of the other (reading).
Notes on a fragment of a ceramic vessel with graffito from Gilău
Authors:   Muzeul Național de Istorie a Transilvaniei, Beu-Dachin Eugenia , Isac Adriana ,   Muzeul Național de Istorie a Transilvaniei
Published: November 2021

The published ceramic fragment was discovered in the fort of ala Siliana in Gilău, during the researches from 1999–2000, when the rooms of a wooden building from the retentura sinistra were investigated. Here, previous research (1981) had indicated the existence of a stabulum. The text on the vessel was inscribed post cocturam, and it was rendered in a position almost perpendicular to the bottom.
Saxes discovered in the Avar graves from Transylvania and the Romanian Banat
Authors:   Institutul de Arheologie și Istoria Artei, Academia Română, Filiala Cluj, Cosma Călin
Published: November 2021

The objects were discovered one in the cemetery at Șpălnaca – Șugud (Transylvania) and the other at Timișoara – Modoș Bridge (Romanian Banat) (Map 1). Both artefacts have been identified in the professional papers as daggers, when, in fact, they are saxes. Both saxes have been found inside graves of Avar men. The grave from Șpălnaca – Șugud which contained the sax is dated from the end of the Middle Avar period (680–710/720), whereas the other from Timișoara – Modoș Bridge is dated from the second part of the Late Avar period (760–810/830). The two saxes can be recognized as the first (I) Csiky, defined for the finds discovered in the Avar cemeteries from the Carpathian basin. The occurrence of the two saxes in the Avar graves from the Transylvanian plateau and the Romanian Banat widens the geographic area where the saxes are known to have been used by the Avars, including the eastern Carpathian basin. However, they are only a few compared to the total number of Avar graves from Western Romania, thus indicating that the sax wasn’t a weapon employed on a large scale by the Avar warriors that entered this area. The saxes from Șpălnaca – Șugud and Timișoara – Modoș Bridge were probably used as weapons. At the same time, it is possible that they were only ceremonial weapons.
Elena CALIRI, Praecellentissimus rex. Odoacre tra storia e storiografia, Pelorias 25, Arbor Sapientiae Editore – Roma, Messina 2017, 193 p
Authors:   Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca, Nemeti Sorin
Published: November 2021

Elena CALIRI, Praecellentissimus rex. Odoacre tra storia e storiografia, Pelorias 25, Arbor Sapientiae Editore – Roma, Messina 2017, 193 p
Forging the trowel, hammering the Dacians: Marxism and Late Iron Age Archaeology in Romania (1948–1989)
Authors:   Muzeul de Istorie Gherla, Henț Alin
Published: November 2021

The aim of this paper is to make a critical evaluation of the Romanian historiography from 1948–1989 which had as a subject of study the social history of the northern Balkan communities in the Late Iron Age period. The two years that I have chosen have both a symbolical and a chronological value. The year 1948 marks the beginning of an extensive and radical process of political, economic, social, and cultural changes, while the year 1989 symbolizes the fall of the Romanian “communist” regime. I propose a contextual analysis, which takes into account the evolution of the “communist” regime, as well as some key events that shaped the discourse. Through this evaluation, I want to intervene in the symbolic struggles that had as a final stake the Late Iron Age archaeology from Romania. Without claiming an objective analysis, I want to offer an alternative to the distorted portrayals which had existed so far. Although labelled as a “Communist” or “Marxist” historiography, it never strayed too far from the nationalist ideology, creating massive distortions along its way. In almost 50 years, the Romanian Late Iron Age historiography has gone from a formal and superficial application of Marxist theories, to a relative liberalization, and finally returned to an almost right‑wing discourse over the Dacian past. Moreover, I will show, in contrast to the classical post‑Communist view that the Late Iron Age archaeology in Romania was in touch, at least at some point, to the contemporary historiographical debates.
The Roman epigraphic collection of 17th century antiquarian Ferenc Lugossy from Petreștii de Jos (Cluj County)
Authors:   Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca, Petruț Dávid
Published: November 2021

The question of Roman epigraphic and antiquities collections in Transylvania is typically associated with the antiquarian activity of the local aristocracy during the 19th century, especially the “ruin parks” set up on their country estates. The beginnings of these antiquarian endeavours however date back to much earlier times, being linked to the circle of humanist church intellectuals active in Alba Iulia/Gyulafehérvár starting with the 15th century. The collection founded by Ferenc Lugossy, prominent member of the Transylvanian princely court during the second half of the 17th century, can be regarded as a later manifestation of the aforementioned humanist tradition, even though it was established at his estate in Petreștii de Jos/Magyarpeterd, situated at the foot of the Turda Gorge (Cheile Turzii/Tordai‑hasadék), rather than the princely capital. The sources indicate that we are dealing with one of the most important, if not the most important local Roman stone monument collections of the time. Documents also inform us that following the death of its founder – probably in 1692 – the collection swiftly began to disintegrate, and by the beginning of the 20th century it had completely ceased to exist, the monuments being either taken away or used as construction material by the locals. The present paper is an attempt to reconstruct the history and original composition of this important collection.
Notices épigraphiques et onomastiques (Dacie romaine) (II)
Authors:   CNRS/HISOMA, Lyon, Dana Dan
Published: November 2021

The second series of 12 epigraphic and onomastic notes amends and comments several inscriptions on stone or on other supports from the province of Dacia or pertaining to Dacia, inscriptions concerning personal names (Latin, Greek, Illyrian, Microasiatic, Semitic), a toponymic epithet and a military rank.
Onachar from Apahida (> Onacharus < Aunacharus)
Authors:   Hungarian National Museum, Budapest, Szabó Ádám
Published: November 2021

The first Germanic princely grave in Apahida (RO, Cluj County), dated to the second half of the 5th century based on the chronology of the objects placed near the skeleton, was discovered in 1889. Among the objects there were two gold finger rings, a namering and a crossring. On the namering a Latin cross and a male personal name were engraved. The crossring contains four engraved little Latin crosses. Taking into account the archaeological context, the possible Germanic name on the namering was first read OMHAR|VS, then OM^AHAR|VS (C. H. Opreanu, M. Schmauder), and later also OM^AHAR|VG (N. Gudea). The ending is certainly the Latin ‑VS and not ‑VG, nor the V G abreviation (C. H. Opreanu). The original name without the ‑us ending is a hapax and is uninterpretable. Among the Germanic names the OM beginning is unknown. But the M^A like ligature (nexus) is readable as N^A as well, which means that the reading of the name could be ON^AHAR too. The form ONAHAR contains a regular AU > O changing (W. Haubrichs as well), and the H represent the CH voice of the Germanic leanguages. The original form of this name sounds Aunachar, with the Latin ending Aunacharus, which appears in the Aunacharius and Aunarius forms as well. On the name ring the name was engraved phonetically, taking into account the pronunciation, that sounds Onachar, i.e. Onacharus [=On^a(c)har|us]. The existing name along with the similar names are known from the western Germanic area of the age. Considering the deposited objects and the name, Onachar could have been a western Germanic fugitive regulus, who was accepted by the local Gepid chief of that period, together with his escort.
Active-passive and passive-passive configurations of combined tillage implements for improved tillage and tractive performance: A review
Authors: Sarkar Pranay , Upadhyay Ganesh , Raheman Hifjur
Published: November 2021

Proper selection of energy-efficient agricultural machinery helps to reduce drudgery, increase cropping intensity and reduce time required for field preparation. With conventional tillage implements, multiple passes are required to obtain desired seedbed which increase soil compaction due to repeated movement of tractor in field. With combined tillage implements two or more tillage implements are combined to reduce time and fuel energy required for seedbed preparation. In this paper, various researches on active-passive and passive-passive configurations of combined tillage implements have been discussed along with their working principles. It was found that these were associated with less draft, specific energy, and tire slippage compared to conventional implements which provides a sound basis for using them with suitable engine power to improve the power utilization of tractors. Hence, use of these implements could help to reduce soil compaction, labour, fuel cost as well as save time in preparing seedbed. More analytical studies and classical approaches are needed to predict energy requirements of these implements from the knowledge of individual energy requirements of conventional implements to help in proper matching of tractor-implement and also to develop decision support systems. Considering their promising outcomes, they will emerge as effective tools to improve agricultural mechanization.
Representation of Pragmatism in Scholarly Publications on COVID-19
Authors: Makumane Makhulu A. , Khoza Simon Bheki. , Piliso Blossom Bulelwa
Published: November 2021

Pragmatism is an important resource that has helped higher education institutions (HEIs) in Lesotho and South Africa to complete the 2020 academic year even when they were affected by COVID-19. Pragmatism is a philosophy of human actions combined with experiences in order to produce outcomes or consequences, where the reality is about what works according to individual needs based on a specific situation. During the COVID-19 era, pragmatism has been represented by the use of learning management systems (LMSs) and social media sites (SMSs). The representation of pragmatism, based on ten sampled publications of this study was divided into performance- (driven by LMSs) and competence-based (driven by SMSs) curricula. The purpose and objective of this study was to explore and understand the representation of pragmatism in ten scholarly publications purposively sampled for this study on education during the COVID-19 era. Document analysis framed by pragmatic paradigm, critical discourse analysis (CDA), and community of inquiry (CoI), was used to generate data for this study. The findings concluded that pragmatism was the reason for HEIs saving the 2020 academic year: pragmatism harmonised the tension between LMSs and SMSs which existed even before the COVID-19 era. Consequently, this study recommends the application of pragmatism in any uncertainty/novelty situation in education, in order to address individual needs before professional and societal needs.
Chemical and microbiological changes in the soil mediated by different vegetative coverings in a Natal orange orchard
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Shimizu Gabriel Danilo , Paula Jean Carlo Baudraz de ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Silva Adriana Pereira da ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Pacheco Camilla de Andrade ,   Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura, Azevedo Fernando Alves de ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Gonçalves Leandro Simões Azeredo ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Neves Carmen Silvia Vieira Janeiro ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina
Published: November 2021

Proper soil cover management for citrus cultivation can contribute to increased productivity and improved soil quality. This study examined five different vegetative coverings [Urochloa brizantha; U. decumbens, U. ruziziensis, spontaneous vegetation, and herbicide application (glyphosate) in the total area] in the inter rows of a Natal orange orchard [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] grafted on the Swingle citrumelo (C. paradisi × Poncirus trifoliata). Their effects on the microbiological and chemical attributes of the soil and the vegetative development in the orchard were examined. Chemical (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, P, pH, H+Al, CECpH7, base saturation, and OM) and microbiological (carbon and nitrogen of microbial biomass, basal respiration, and metabolic quotient) soil attributes in the rows and inter-rows were evaluated for the orchard in 2018 and 2019. There was a significant difference for most variables in the 2 years studied, emphasizing 2019 for microbiological parameters and OM, with the latter being 14.8% lower in the treatment with glyphosate in the total area compared to the treatment with spontaneous vegetation. The results showed the benefits of vegetation cover with brachiaria in inter-rows of the Natal sweet orange orchard in the chemical and microbiological attributes of the soil, especially in carbon and nitrogen of the microbial biomass.
Musculoskeletal Injuries and Conditions Among Homeless Patients
Authors: Kale Nisha N. , Marsh James , Kale Neel K. , Miskimin Cadence , Mulcahey Mary K.
Published: November 2021

Introduction:

The purpose of this study was to analyze existing literature on musculoskeletal diseases that homeless populations face and provide recommendations on improving musculoskeletal outcomes for homeless individuals.

Methods:

A comprehensive search of the literature was performed in March 2020 using the PubMed/MEDLINE (1966 to March 2020), Embase (1975 to April 2020), and CINHAL (1982 to 2020) databases. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used for accuracy of reporting, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment.

Results:

Twenty-nine articles met inclusion criteria. Seven studies observed an increased prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries among the homeless population, four observed increased susceptibility to bacterial soft-tissue infection, four observed increased fractures/traumatic injuries, three described increased chronic pain, and six focused on conditions specific to the foot and ankle region.

Discussion:

Homeless individuals often have inadequate access to care and rely on the emergency department for traumatic injuries. These findings have important implications for surgeons and public health officials and highlight the need for evidence-based interventions and increased follow-up. Targeted efforts and better tracking of follow-up and emergency department usage could improve health outcomes for homeless individuals and reduce the need costly late-stage interventions by providing early and more consistent care.