bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward More Scalable Off-Line Simulations of MPI Applications
Authors: Casanova Henri , Gupta Anshul , Suter Frédéric
Published: September 2015

The off-line (or post-mortem) analysis of execution event traces is a popular approach to understand the performance of HPC applications that use the message passing paradigm. Combining this analysis with simulation makes it possible to “replay” the application execution to explore “what if?” scenarios, e.g., assessing application performance in a range of (hypothetical) execution environments. However, such off-line analysis faces scalability issues for acquiring, storing, or replaying large event traces.

We first present two previously proposed and complementary frameworks for off-line replaying of MPI application event traces, each with its own objectives and limitations. We then describe how these frameworks can be combined so as to capitalize on their respective strengths while alleviating several of their limitations. We claim that the combined framework affords levels of scalability that are beyond that achievable by either one of the two individual frameworks. We evaluate this framework to illustrate the benefits of the proposed combination for a more scalable off-line analysis of MPI applications.
Online Task Resource Consumption Prediction for Scientific Workflows
Authors: da Silva Rafael Ferreira , Juve Gideon , Rynge Mats , Deelman Ewa , Livny Miron
Published: September 2015

Estimates of task runtime, disk space usage, and memory consumption, are commonly used by scheduling and resource provisioning algorithms to support efficient and reliable workflow executions. Such algorithms often assume that accurate estimates are available, but such estimates are difficult to generate in practice. In this work, we first profile five real scientific workflows, collecting fine-grained information such as process I/O, runtime, memory usage, and CPU utilization. We then propose a method to automatically characterize workflow task requirements based on these profiles. Our method estimates task runtime, disk space, and peak memory consumption based on the size of the tasks’ input data. It looks for correlations between the parameters of a dataset, and if no correlation is found, the dataset is divided into smaller subsets using a clustering technique. Task estimates are generated based on the ratio parameter/input data size if they are correlated, or based on the probability distribution function of the parameter. We then propose an online estimation process based on the MAPE-K loop, where task executions are monitored and estimates are updated as more information becomes available. Experimental results show that our online estimation process results in much more accurate predictions than an offline approach, where all task requirements are estimated prior to workflow execution.
Machine Learning Models and Statistical Measures for Predicting the Progression of IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Noh Junhyug , Punithan Dharani , Lee Hajeong , Lee JungPyo , Kim YonSu , Kim DongKi , McKay RI Bob
Published: September 2015

We predict the progression of Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy using three classification methods: Classification and Regression Trees, Logistic Regression, and Feed-Forward Artificial Neural Networks. We treat it as a classification problem, of predicting progression to end-stage renal disease in the ten years following initial diagnosis. We compared classifier performance using ROC analysis. All three methods yielded good classifiers, with AUC between 0.85 and 0.95. The results were generally in-line with expectations, with poor kidney performance on presentation, and evident macroscopic and microscopic damage, all associated with poorer prognosis.
Leveraging Active-Guided Evolutionary Games for Adaptive and Stable Deployment of DVFS-Aware Cloud Applications
Authors: Ren Yi Cheng , Suzuki Junichi , Omura Shingo , Hosoya Ryuichi
Published: September 2015

This paper proposes and evaluates a multi-objective evolutionary game theoretic framework for adaptive and stable application deployment in clouds that support dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) for CPUs. The proposed algorithm, called AGEGT, aids cloud operators to adapt the resource allocation to applications and their locations according to the operational conditions in a cloud (e.g. workload and resource availability) with respect to multiple conflicting objectives such as response time, resource utilization and power consumption. In AGEGT, evolutionary multiobjective games are performed on application deployment strategies (i.e. solution candidates) with an aid of guided local search. AGEGT theoretically guarantees that each application performs an evolutionarily stable deployment strategy, which is an equilibrium solution under given operational conditions. Simulation results verify this theoretical analysis; applications seek equilibria to perform adaptive and evolutionarily stable deployment strategies. AGEGT allows applications to successfully leverage DVFS to balance their response time, resource utilization and power consumption. AGEGT gains performance improvement via guided local search and outperforms existing heuristics such as first-fit and best-fit algorithms (FFA and BFA) as well as NSGA-II.
Working Capital Management Practices and Profitability of AIM Listed SMEs
Authors: Afrifa Godfred Adjapong
Published: September 2015

This paper reports the results of an investigation of the effect of Working Capital Management (WCM) practices on profitability of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) listed on the Alternative Investment Market (AIM), from the perspective of financial directors. Specifically, I look at their WCM target level practices, WCM alteration frequency and WCM strategy practices. The analyses are based on questionnaire distributed to 248 AIM listed SMEs. The paper employs OLS regression on responses from 72 managers of AIM listed SMEs. The results show that the WCM practices of AIM listed SMEs managers have an effect on profitability. However, the results show that given the limited resources of SMEs, the main focus of managers should be on the setting of specific target level for WCM so as to increase profitability.
No Consensus in Sight: An Analysis of Ten Years of Family Business Definitions in Empirical Research Studies
Authors: Steiger Tanja , Duller Christine , Hiebl Martin R. W.
Published: September 2015

Family business (FB) scholars often criticize the fact that FB research has not yet developed a commonly accepted definition of what constitutes an FB. At the same time, the literature lacks empirical evidence for this claim. Hence, we collected all empirical FB research articles published between 2002 and 2011 in the five leading FB research journals to examine the types of FB definitions used in the literature and to determine how their usage relates to bibliographical and methodological contextual factors. The resulting 238 articles were analyzed in terms of their underlying approaches to defining FBs. Our paper provides empirical support for the notion that FB research has not yet found a commonly accepted definition of FB. Most definitions can be classified as being rooted in the components-of-involvement approach (44% of all evaluated articles), in the essence approach (21%), or in a combination of the two (33%). We also find that the type of FB definition used in empirical research in our sample is significantly associated with the publication outlet, the continent of data collection, the number of authors and the stock market listing status of analyzed firms.
The Cognitive Side of Entrepreneurial Ethics: What Do We Still Need to Know?
Authors: Tipu Syed Awais Ahmad
Published: September 2015

The paper aims to review the current state of the knowledge in an attempt to renew the interest in studying cognitive side of entrepreneurial ethics. The paper explores how the two streams of the literature — entrepreneurial cognition and entrepreneurial ethics — can possibly be integrated to guide future research. It also reviews the literature at the intersection of entrepreneurial cognitions and ethics. In doing so, the paper draws upon the extant literature to propose a set of questions for future research. Given the ethical implications of entrepreneurial behavior, this paper calls for future interdisciplinary work among entrepreneurial cognition scholars and business ethicists. The extant literature has generally focused on exploring the linkages among entrepreneurial cognitions, moral awareness, and moral judgment. It appears that relatively sparse attention is paid to explore the underlying cognitive patterns of an entrepreneur's actions pertaining to unethical business practices. This gap in the literature at the intersection of cognitions and ethics holds significant potential for future research. The proposed questions for future research include the following: How do cognitive biases and heuristics make an entrepreneur more susceptible to immoral judgment and reasoning? Which of the cognitive schemas is more likely to enhance moral intentions of entrepreneurs? How does distributed cognition shape socially responsible entrepreneurial behavior? Do entrepreneurs prefer rule-based or cost/benefit-based reasoning approach while making moral judgment? Which of the cognitive dimensions of socially responsible behavior — utilitarianism, just, and rights — is more common among entrepreneurs in developed countries in comparison to the entrepreneurs in developing and emerging economies? Do immigrant and/or ethnic entrepreneurs experience identity ambiguity and how does it relate to their unethical actions? How does the level of motivation affect an entrepreneur's reliance on heuristics rather than employing a systematic response to process information for ethical judgment? The proposed questions potentially offer insights into the way in which entrepreneurial cognitions and entrepreneurial ethics are interconnected. Entrepreneurship scholars may enrich their future research efforts by exploring how might insights from entrepreneurial ethics better inform the theoretical developments of entrepreneurial cognitions.
A Wearable Contactless Sensor Suitable for Continuous Simultaneous Monitoring of Respiration and Cardiac Activity
Authors: Gargiulo Gaetano D. , Gunawardana Upul , O’Loughlin Aiden , Sadozai Mohammad , Varaki Elham Shabani , Breen Paul P.
Published: September 2015

A reliable system that can simultaneously and accurately monitor respiration and cardiac output would have great utility in healthcare applications. In this paper we present a novel approach to creating such a system. This noninvasive, low power, low cost, contactless sensor is suitable for continuous monitoring of respiration (tidal volume) and cardiac stroke volume. Furthermore, it is capable of delivering this data in true volume (i.e., mL). The current embodiment, specifically designed for sleep monitoring applications, requires only 100 mW when powered by a 4.8 V battery pack and is based on the use of a single electroresistive band embedded in a T-shirt. Here, we describe the implementation of the device, explaining the rational and design choices for the electronic circuit and the physical garment together with the preliminary tests performed using one volunteer subject. Comparison of the device with a commercially available spirometer demonstrates that tidal volume can be monitored over extended periods with a precision of ±10%. We further demonstrate the utility of the device to measure cardiac output and respiration effort.
Genetic Diversity ofMycobacterium tuberculosisComplex Isolated from Tuberculosis Patients in Bahir Dar City and Its Surroundings, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Nuru Anwar , Mamo Gezahegne , Worku Adane , Admasu Aschalew , Medhin Girmay , Pieper Rembert , Ameni Gobena
Published: September 2015

The knowledge of the diversity of strains ofMycobacterium tuberculosiscomplex (MTBC) species in a specific geographical region can contribute to the control of tuberculosis (TB). This study was conducted to identify the MTBC isolates to the species and spoligotype international type (SIT) level by spoligotyping. A total of 168 MTBC isolates were recovered from TB patients, spoligotyped, and their patterns were compared with those of the strains registered in the SITVIT2 database. Of 168 isolates spoligotyped, 89 patterns were identified. Ninety-eight isolates were clustered into 19 strain groups with clustering percentage of 58.3%. Forty-four strains matched the preexisting SITs in the SITVIT2 database. The dominant strains were SIT289, SIT134, and SIT3411, comprising 16.7% (28/168), 7.14% (12/168), and 4.76% (8/168) of the isolates, respectively. Euro-American (51.2%), East-African-Indian (34.5%), andM. africanum(9.52%) were the major lineages identified. Two strains ofM. boviswere isolated from TB lymphadenitis cases. The high percentage of clustered strains ofM. tuberculosiscould suggest that a small number of lineages ofM. tuberculosisare causing the disease in the area while isolation ofM. boviscould suggest its zoonotic potential. Additionally, identification ofM. africanumrequires further confirmation by tools with a better discriminatory power.
Synthesis of CdS Nanocrystals by Employing the By‐Products of the Anaerobic Respiratory Process of Desulfovibrio alaskensis 6SR Bacteria
Authors: Rangel-Chávez L. G. , Neria-González M. I. , Márquez-Herrera A. , Zapata-Torres M. , Campos-González E. , Zelaya-Angel O. , Guillen-Cervantes A. , Fernandez-Muñoz J. L. , Melendez-Lira M.
Published: September 2015

A novel methodology for the direct synthesis of CdS nanoparticles, using a biological agent that avoids the extracellular processing, and the results of the characterization of CdS nanocrystals are presented. The by‐products of the anaerobic respiratory process of Desulfovibrio alaskensis 6SR along with aqueous solutions of Cd salts were successfully employed to produce CdS nanocrystals with mixed cubic and hexagonal phases. Nanocrystal size has a narrow size distribution with little dependence on the Cd concentration. Both the presence of the crystallographic cubic phase and the crystalline order decrease as Cd concentration increases. The band gap values obtained from optical transmission measurements are lower than those of the bulk crystal. Raman spectroscopy characterization agrees with electron transmission microscopy images and X‐ray diffraction results indicating that the method promotes the formation of high structural quality nanocrystals when low concentrations of the Cd salt are used.
To Investigate the Effect of Colchicine in Prevention of Adhesions Caused by Serosal Damage in Rats
Authors: Yıldız İhsan , Koca Yavuz Savas
Published: September 2015

Introduction and Aim. Adhesion formation is a process which starts with an inflammation caused by a number of factors and eventually results in fibrosis. Colchicine prevents adhesion formation which is antifibrous process. The effectivity of colchicine in the prevention of adhesions was investigated.Materials and Methods. A total of 36 rats were equally divided into three groups: (I) control group 1 (n=12), (II) abrasion group 2 (n=12), and (III) abrasion + colchicine group 3 (n=12). Group 1 underwent laparotomy and was orally given physiological serum 2 cc/day for 10 days. In Group 2, injury was created in the cecum serosa following laparotomy and they were orally given physiological serum 2 cc/day for 10 days. In Group 3, injury was created in the cecum serosa following laparotomy and the rats were orally given colchicine 50 mcg kg/day mixed with physiological serum 2 cc/day for 10 days. Laparotomy was performed and adhesions were examined both macroscopically and microscopically. Both macroscopic and microscopic examinations were performed using Zühlke’s score.Results. A significant difference was observed among the adhesion scores of the groups both macroscopically and microscopically. Macroscopic score was lower in group 3 than group 2. Microscopic score was lower in group 3 than group 2.Conclusion. Oral administration of colchicine is effective in the prevention of adhesions.
FGF23 in Acute and Chronic Illness
Authors: Schnedl Christian , Fahrleitner-Pammer Astrid , Pietschmann Peter , Amrein Karin
Published: September 2015

FGF23 is a bone-derived phosphaturic hormone that may become a useful biomarker for the identification of high-risk patients in chronic but also acute disease. It rises early in chronic kidney disease and is strongly and independently associated with excess morbidity and mortality. Emerging data suggest that FGF23 is also elevated in different scenarios of acute illness. In this review, we give an overview on the role of this interesting disease marker and potential and proven interventional strategies and discuss a blueprint for future research.
A High Isolation MIMO Antenna without Decoupling Structure for LTE 700 MHz
Authors: Wu Yanjie , Long Yunliang
Published: September 2015

This paper presents a long-term evolution (LTE) 700 MHz band multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna, and high isolation between the two symmetrical antenna elements is obtained without introducing extra decoupling structure. Each antenna element is a combination antenna of PIFA and a meander monopole antenna. The end of the PIFA and the meander monopole antenna are, respectively, overlapped with the 50 Ω microstrip feed line, the two overlapping areas produce additional capacitance which can be considered decoupling structures to enhance the isolation for the MIMO antenna, as well as the impedance matching of the antenna elements. The MIMO antenna is etched on FR4 PCB board with dimensions of 71 × 40 × 1.6 mm3; the edge-to-edge separation of the two antenna elements is only nearly 0.037 λat 700 MHz. Both simulation and measurement results are used to confirm the MIMO antenna performance; the operating bandwidth is 698–750 MHz withS11≤−6 dB andS21≤−23 dB.
Contralateral Metabolic Activation Related to Plastic Changes in the Spinal Cord after Peripheral Nerve Injury in Rats
Authors: Won Ran , Lee Bae Hwan
Published: September 2015

We have previously reported the crossed-withdrawal reflex in which the rats with nerve injury developed behavioral pain responses of the injured paw to stimuli applied to the contralateral uninjured paw. This reflex indicates that contralateral plastic changes may occur in the spinal cord after unilateral nerve injury. The present study was performed to elucidate the mechanisms and morphological correlates underlying the crossed-withdrawal reflex by using quantitative14C-2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) autoradiography which can examine metabolic activities and spatial patterns simultaneously. Under pentobarbital anesthesia, rats were subjected to unilateral nerve injury. Mechanical allodynia was tested for two weeks after nerve injury. After nerve injury, neuropathic pain behaviors developed progressively. The crossed-withdrawal reflex was observed at two weeks postoperatively. Contralateral enhancement of 2-DG uptake in the ventral horn of the spinal cord to electrical stimulation of the uninjured paw was observed. These results suggest that the facilitation of information processing from the uninjured side to the injured side may contribute to the crossed-withdrawal reflex by plastic changes in the spinal cord of nerve-injured rats.
Comparison of Folate Receptor Targeted Optical Contrast Agents for Intraoperative Molecular Imaging
Authors: De Jesus Elizabeth , Keating Jane J. , Kularatne Sumith A. , Jiang Jack , Judy Ryan , Predina Jarrod , Nie Shuming , Low Philip , Singhal Sunil
Published: September 2015

Background. Intraoperative imaging can identify cancer cells in order to improve resection; thus fluorescent contrast agents have emerged. Our objective was to do a preclinical comparison of two fluorescent dyes, EC17 and OTL38, which both target folate receptor but have different fluorochromes. Materials. HeLa and KB cells lines were used for in vitro and in vivo comparisons of EC17 and OTL38 brightness, sensitivity, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution. In vivo experiments were then performed in mice. Results. The peak excitation and emission wavelengths of EC17 and OTL38 were 470/520 nm and 774/794 nm, respectively. In vitro, OTL38 required increased incubation time compared to EC17 for maximum fluorescence; however, peak signal-to-background ratio (SBR) was 1.4-fold higher compared to EC17 within 60 minutes (p<0.001). Additionally, the SBR for detecting smaller quantity of cells was improved with OTL38. In vivo, the mean improvement in SBR of tumors visualized using OTL38 compared to EC17 was 3.3 fold (range 1.48–5.43). Neither dye caused noticeable toxicity in animal studies. Conclusions. In preclinical testing, OTL38 appears to have superior sensitivity and brightness compared to EC17. This coincides with the accepted belief that near infrared (NIR) dyes tend to have less autofluorescence and scattering issues than visible wavelength fluorochromes.
Evaluation for Core Competence of Private Enterprises in Xuchang City Based on an Improved Dynamic Multiple-Attribute Decision-Making Model
Authors: Shen Jian-min , Dang Yao-guo , Zhou Wei-jie , Li Xue-mei
Published: September 2015

Because Deng’s grey relational degree is inconspicuous, Deng’s relational degree with an exponential function is first presented. Then, we demonstrate that improved Deng’s relational degree is more conspicuous than the original model. Then, we construct a multiple-attribute decision-making model, based on improved Deng’s relational degree with multiple stages, and a method for determining the weight of the index is also developed. Finally, the core competence of private enterprises in Henan province is analyzed, illustrating the validity and feasibility of the improved model.
Multiphysics and Multiscale Analysis for Chemotherapeutic Drug
Authors: Zhang Linan , Kim Sung Youb , Kim Dongchoul
Published: September 2015

This paper presents a three-dimensional dynamic model for the chemotherapy design based on a multiphysics and multiscale approach. The model incorporates cancer cells, matrix degrading enzymes (MDEs) secreted by cancer cells, degrading extracellular matrix (ECM), and chemotherapeutic drug. Multiple mechanisms related to each component possible in chemotherapy are systematically integrated for high reliability of computational analysis of chemotherapy. Moreover, the fidelity of the estimated efficacy of chemotherapy is enhanced by atomic information associated with the diffusion characteristics of chemotherapeutic drug, which is obtained from atomic simulations. With the developed model, the invasion process of cancer cells in chemotherapy treatment is quantitatively investigated. The performed simulations suggest a substantial potential of the presented model for a reliable design technology of chemotherapy treatment.
Postmitotic Expression of SOD1G93A Gene Affects the Identity of Myogenic Cells and Inhibits Myoblasts Differentiation
Authors: Martini Martina , Dobrowolny Gabriella , Aucello Michela , Musarò Antonio
Published: September 2015

To determine the role of mutant SOD1 gene (SOD1G93A) on muscle cell differentiation, we derived C2C12 muscle cell lines carrying a stably transfected SOD1G93A gene under the control of a myosin light chain (MLC) promoter‐enhancer cassette. Expression of MLC/SOD1G93A in C2C12 cells resulted in dramatic inhibition of myoblast differentiation. Transfected SOD1G93A gene expression in postmitotic skeletal myocytes downregulated the expression of relevant markers of committed and differentiated myoblasts such as MyoD, Myogenin, MRF4, and the muscle specific miRNA expression. The inhibitory effects of SOD1G93A gene on myogenic program perturbed Akt/p70 and MAPK signaling pathways which promote differentiation cascade.
Of note, the inhibition of the myogenic program, by transfected SOD1G93A gene expression, impinged also the identity of myogenic cells. Expression of MLC/SOD1G93A in C2C12 myogenic cells promoted a fibro‐adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) phenotype, upregulating HDAC4 protein and preventing the myogenic commitment complex BAF60C‐SWI/SNF. We thus identified potential molecular mediators of the inhibitory effects of SOD1G93A on myogenic program and disclosed potential signaling, activated by SOD1G93A, that affect the identity of the myogenic cell population.
Prevalence of Intestinal Protozoa among Saudi Patients with Chronic Renal Failure: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Hawash Yousry A. , Dorgham Laila Sh. , Amir El-Amir M. , Sharaf Osama F.
Published: September 2015

It has been hypothesized that chronic renal failure (CRF) predisposes patients to infection with intestinal protozoa. We tested this hypothesis with a matched case-control study to determine the prevalence of these protozoa and their diarrhea associated symptoms among 50 patients with CRF (cases) from Taif, western Saudi Arabia. Fifty diarrheal patients without CRF were recruited in the study as controls. Participants were interviewed by a structured questionnaire and stool samples were collected. Samples were thoroughly examined with microscopy and three coproantigens detection kits. Enteric protozoa were detected in 21 cases and 14 controls.Blastocystisspp. were the most predominant parasite (16% in cases versus 8% in controls), followed byGiardia duodenalis(10% in cases versus 12% in controls) andCryptosporidiumspp. (10% in cases versus 6% in controls).Cyclospora cayetanensiswas identified in two cases, whileEntamoeba histolyticawas described in one case and one control. Intestinal parasitism was positively associated with the male gender, urban residence, and travel history. Clinical symptoms of nausea/vomiting and abdominal pain were significantly varied between the parasitized cases and controls (Pvalue≤0.05). Given the results, we recommend screening all diarrheal feces for intestinal protozoa in the study’s population, particularly those with CRF.
Ultrastructural Changes in Clinical and Microbiota Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae Carriers of Genes blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX-M, or blaKPC When Subject to β‐Lactam Antibiotics
Authors: Veras Dyana Leal , de Souza Lopes Ana Catarina , Vaz da Silva Grasielle , Araújo Gonçalves Gabriel Gazzoni , de Freitas Catarina Fernandes , de Lima Fernanda Cristina Gomes , Vieira Maciel Maria Amélia , Feitosa Ana Paula Sampaio , Alves Luiz Carlos , Brayner Fábio André
Published: September 2015

The aim of this study was to characterize the ultrastructural effects caused by β‐lactam antibiotics in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Three K. pneumoniae clinical isolates were selected for the study with resistance profiles for third‐generation cephalosporins, aztreonam, and/or imipenem and with different resistance genes for extended‐spectrum β‐lactamases (ESBL) or Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC). Two K. pneumoniae isolates obtained from the microbiota, which were both resistant to amoxicillin and ampicillin, were also analyzed. In accordance with the susceptibility profile, the clinical isolates were subjected to subminimum inhibitory concentrations (sub‐MICs) of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, and imipenem and the isolates from the microbiota to ampicillin and amoxicillin, for analysis by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The K. pneumoniae isolates showed different morphological and ultrastructural changes after subjection to β‐lactams tested at different concentrations, such as cell filamentation, loss of cytoplasmic material, and deformation of dividing septa. Our results demonstrate that K. pneumoniae isolates harboring different genes that encode for β‐lactamases show cell alterations when subjected to different β‐lactam antibiotics, thus suggesting that they possess residual activity in vitro, despite the phenotypic resistance presented in the isolates analyzed.
Search for the AnomaloustqγandtqHCouplings inγpCollision at the LHC
Authors: Şahin B.
Published: September 2015

We have investigated the constraints on the anomaloustqγandtqH  (q=u,c)couplings through the photoproduction processespp→pγp→ptγX→pbl+νlγXandpp→pγp→ptHX→pbl+νlbb-Xat the LHC. We have obtained 95% confidence level bounds on the anomalous couplings by considering various values of detector acceptances and integrated luminosities. Improved constraints on thetqγcoupling have been obtained compared to current bounds.
Effects of Glucose Concentration on Propofol Cardioprotection against Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Isolated Rat Hearts
Authors: Yao Xinhua , Li Yalan , Tao Mingzhe , Wang Shuang , Zhang Liangqing , Lin Jiefu , Xia Zhengyuan , Liu Hui-min
Published: September 2015

The anesthetic propofol confers cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, its cardioprotection on patients is inconsistent. Similarly, the beneficial effect of tight glycemic control during cardiac surgery in patients has recently been questioned. We postulated that low glucose (LG) may promote ROS formation through enhancing fatty acid (FA) oxidation and unmask propofol cardioprotection during IRI. Rat hearts were isolated and randomly assigned to be perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution with glucose at 5.5 mM (LG) or 8 mM (G) in the absence or presence of propofol (5 μg/mL) or propofol plus trimetazidine (TMZ). Hearts were subjected to 35 minutes of ischemia followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion. Myocardial infarct size (IS) and cardiac CK-MB were significantly higher in LG than in G group (P < 0.05), associated with reduced left ventricular developed pressure and increases in postischemic cardiac contracture. Cardiac 15-F2t-isoprostane was higher, accompanied with higher cardiac lipid transporter CD36 protein expression in LG. Propofol reduced IS, improved cardiac function, and reduced CD36 in G but not in LG. TMZ facilitated propofol cardioprotection in LG. Therefore, isolated heart with low glucose lost sensitivity to propofol treatment through enhancing FA oxidation and TMZ supplementation restored the sensitivity to propofol.
The Role of Oxygen Sensors, Hydroxylases, and HIF in Cardiac Function and Disease
Authors: Townley-Tilson W. H. Davin , Pi Xinchun , Xie Liang
Published: September 2015

Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Oxygen-sensing proteins are critical components of the physiological response to hypoxia and reperfusion injury, but the role of oxygen and oxygen-mediated effects is complex in that they can be cardioprotective or deleterious to the cardiac tissue. Over 200 oxygen-sensing proteins mediate the effects of oxygen tension and use oxygen as a substrate for posttranslational modification of other proteins. Hydroxylases are an essential component of these oxygen-sensing proteins. While a major role of hydroxylases is regulating the transcription factor HIF, we investigate the increasing scope of hydroxylase substrates. This review discusses the importance of oxygen-mediated effects in the heart as well as how the field of oxygen-sensing proteins is expanding, providing a more complete picture into how these enzymes play a multifaceted role in cardiac function and disease. We also review how oxygen-sensing proteins and hydroxylase function could prove to be invaluable in drug design and therapeutic targets for heart disease.
Expansion of Circulating T Follicular Helper Cells in Children with Acute Henoch-Schönlein Purpura
Authors: Xie Jue , Liu Yan , Wang Lei , Ruan Guoxiang , Yuan Huiming , Fang Hong , Wu Jianyong , Cui Dawei
Published: September 2015

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a common systemic small vessel vasculitis in children with disorder autoimmune responses. T follicular helper (TFH) cells play crucial roles in regulating immune responses. The aim of our study was to investigate the probable role of TFH cells in the pathogenesis of children with HSP. In this study, the frequency of circulating CXCR5+CD4+TFH cells with inducible costimulator (ICOS) expression in the children with acute HSP was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (HCs) but not CXCR5+CD4+TFH cells with programmed death-1 (PD-1) expression. Moreover, serum levels of IL-21 and IL-6 cytokines, IgA, and C3 in HSP children were also significantly higher than those in HCs. A positive correlation was observed between the frequencies of circulating ICOS+CXCR5+CD4+TFH cells and the serum IL-21 or IgA levels of acute HSP children, respectively. Additionally, the mRNA expression levels of interleukin- (IL-) 21, IL-6, and transcriptional factors (B-cell lymphoma-6, Bcl-6) were also significantly increased in peripheral blood from acute HSP children compared to HCs. Taken together, these findings suggest that TFH cells and associated molecules might play critical roles in the pathogenesis of HSP, which are possible therapeutic targets in HSP children.
An Efficient Feature Subset Selection Algorithm for Classification of Multidimensional Dataset
Authors: Devaraj Senthilkumar , Paulraj S.
Published: September 2015

Multidimensional medical data classification has recently received increased attention by researchers working on machine learning and data mining. In multidimensional dataset (MDD) each instance is associated with multiple class values. Due to its complex nature, feature selection and classifier built from the MDD are typically more expensive or time‐consuming. Therefore, we need a robust feature selection technique for selecting the optimum single subset of the features of the MDD for further analysis or to design a classifier. In this paper, an efficient feature selection algorithm is proposed for the classification of MDD. The proposed multidimensional feature subset selection (MFSS) algorithm yields a unique feature subset for further analysis or to build a classifier and there is a computational advantage on MDD compared with the existing feature selection algorithms. The proposed work is applied to benchmark multidimensional datasets. The number of features was reduced to 3% minimum and 30% maximum by using the proposed MFSS. In conclusion, the study results show that MFSS is an efficient feature selection algorithm without affecting the classification accuracy even for the reduced number of features. Also the proposed MFSS algorithm is suitable for both problem transformation and algorithm adaptation and it has great potentials in those applications generating multidimensional datasets.
Sensitivity Analysis and Validation for Numerical Simulation of Water Infiltration into Unsaturated Soil
Authors: Goh Eng Giap , Noborio Kosuke
Published: September 2015

A FORTRAN code for liquid water flow in unsaturated soil under the isothermal condition was developed to simulate water infiltration into Yolo light clay. The governing equation, that is, Richards’ equation, was approximated by the finite-difference method. A normalized sensitivity coefficient was used in the sensitivity analysis of Richards’ equation. Normalized sensitivity coefficient was calculated using one-at-a-time (OAT) method and elementary effects (EE) method based on hydraulic functions for matric suction and hydraulic conductivity. Results from EE method provided additional insight into model input parameters, such as input parameter linearity and oscillating sign effect. Boundary volumetric water content (θL (upper bound)) and saturated volumetric water content (θs) were consistently found to be the most sensitive parameters corresponding to positive and negative relations, as given by the hydraulic functions. In addition, although initial volumetric water content (θL (initial cond)) and time-step size (Δt), respectively, possessed a great amount of sensitivity coefficient and uncertainty value, they did not exhibit significant influence on model output as demonstrated by spatial discretization size (Δz). The input multiplication of parameters sensitivity coefficient and uncertainty value was found to affect the outcome of model simulation, in which parameter with the highest value was found to be Δz.
Impact of Androgen and Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products on Female Rat Liver
Authors: Palioura Eleni , Palimeri Sotiria , Piperi Christina , Sakellariou Stratigoula , Kandaraki Eleni , Sergentanis Theodoros , Levidou Georgia , Agrogiannis George , Papalois Apostolos , Korkolopoulou Penelope , Diamanti-Kandarakis Evanthia , Papavassiliou Athanasios G.
Published: September 2015

Background/Aims: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been related to a wide range of liver disorders including hyperandrogenic states such as the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). The aim of the present study is to evaluate the potential impact of dietary glycotoxins exposure and androgen excess on hepatic histology and biochemistry in an androgenized female rat model. Methods: The study population consisted of 80 female Wistar rats, divided in 3 groups, a group of prepubertal (Group A, n=30) and adult rats (Group B, n=20) that were androgenized via subcutaneous implantation of dihydrotestosterone-containing pellets as well as a group of adult non-androgenized rodents (Group C, n=30). All groups were randomly assigned either to a high-AGE or low-AGE diet for 3 months. Results: Rats fed with a high-AGE diet exhibited significantly elevated levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase (γGT) (p≤0.0002) and indices of AGE immunostaining in liver tissue (p<0.01) when compared to the respective low-AGE group, while aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were affected only in non-androgenized animals (p=0.0002). Androgenization per se constitutes an aggravating factor as demonstrated by the elevated γGT levels in adult androgenized animals compared to non-androgenized, independent of diet content (p=0.0002) and by the elevated AST and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in low-AGE subgroups (adult androgenized vs. non-androgenized, p=0.0002) followed by increased immunohistochemical AGE deposition in hepatocytes of the latter categories (p=0.0007). Conclusion: The present study suggests that androgens and glycotoxins may contribute synergistically to distort hepatic physiology and function as observed in hyperandrogenic conditions.
Evidence-Based Guideline of the German Nutrition Society: Fat Intake and Prevention of Selected Nutrition-Related Diseases
Authors: Wolfram Günther , Bechthold Angela , Boeing Heiner , Ellinger Sabine , Hauner Hans , Kroke Anja , Leschik-Bonnet Eva , Linseisen Jakob , Lorkowski Stefan , Schulze Matthias , Stehle Peter , Dinter Jessica
Published: September 2015

As nutrition-related chronic diseases have become more and more frequent, the importance of dietary prevention has also increased. Dietary fat plays a major role in human nutrition, and modification of fat and/or fatty acid intake could have a preventive potential. The aim of the guideline of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) was to systematically evaluate the evidence for the prevention of the widespread diseases obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipoproteinaemia, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and cancer through the intake of fat or fatty acids. The main results can be summarized as follows: it was concluded with convincing evidence that a reduced intake of total and saturated fat as well as a larger intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) at the expense of saturated fatty acids (SFA) reduces the concentration of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma. Furthermore, there is convincing evidence that a high intake of trans fatty acids increases risk of dyslipoproteinaemia and that a high intake of long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids reduces the triglyceride concentration in plasma. A high fat intake increases the risk of obesity with probable evidence when total energy intake is not controlled for (ad libitum diet). When energy intake is controlled for, there is probable evidence for no association between fat intake and risk of obesity. A larger intake of PUFA at the expense of SFA reduces risk of CHD with probable evidence. Furthermore, there is probable evidence that a high intake of long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids reduces risk of hypertension and CHD. With probable evidence, a high trans fatty acid intake increases risk of CHD. The practical consequences for current dietary recommendations are described at the end of this article.
HIV-Specific Antibody Responses in HIV-Infected Patients: From a Monoclonal to a Polyclonal View
Authors: Gallerano Daniela , Cabauatan Clarissa R. , Sibanda Elopy N. , Valenta Rudolf
Published: September 2015

HIV infections represent a major global health threat, affecting more than 35 million individuals worldwide. High infection rates and problems associated with lifelong antiretroviral treatment emphasize the need for the development of prophylactic and therapeutic immune intervention strategies. It is conceivable that insights for the design of new immunogens capable of eliciting protective immune responses may come from the analysis of HIV-specific antibody responses in infected patients. Using sophisticated technologies, several monoclonal neutralizing antibodies were isolated from HIV-infected individuals. However, the majority of polyclonal antibody responses found in infected patients are nonneutralizing. Comprehensive analyses of the molecular targets of HIV-specific antibody responses identified that during natural infection antibodies are mainly misdirected towards gp120 epitopes outside of the CD4-binding site and against regions and proteins that are not exposed on the surface of the virus. We therefore argue that vaccines aiming to induce protective responses should include engineered immunogens, which are capable of focusing the immune response towards protective epitopes.
Plasma Copeptin and Decline in Renal Function in a Cohort from the Community: The Prospective D.E.S.I.R. Study
Authors: Roussel Ronan , Matallah Nadia , Bouby Nadine , El Boustany Ray , Potier Louis , Fumeron Frédéric , Mohammedi Kamel , Balkau Beverley , Marre Michel , Bankir Lise , Velho Gilberto
Published: September 2015

Background/Aims: In recent days, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is becoming an increasing public health problem. Identification of factors contributing to its progression is crucial for designing preventive interventions. Previous studies suggested that chronically high vasopressin is deleterious to the renal function. We evaluated plasma copeptin, a surrogate of vasopressin, as a predictor for renal function decline in a community cohort. Methods: Plasma copeptin was measured at baseline in 1,234 participants from the D.E.S.I.R. study, a prospective cohort from the French general population. All participants were followed for 9 years. Progression towards CKD during follow-up was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 on at least one follow-up visit. We have also considered the criterion ‘Certain Drop in eGFR' proposed by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) group. Results: Progression towards CKD was observed in 86 (7.0%) participants. Factors like age, female gender, plasma copeptin and use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin 2 receptor blocker at baseline were positively associated, and eGFR inversely associated with CKD progression during follow-up. The hazard ratio per unit of log10-transformed plasma copeptin was 1.65 (95% CI 1.06-2.54) and p = 0.02. Copeptin was similarly associated with CKD and this was observed when we considered the KDIGO criterion: OR 3.03 (95% CI 1.21-7.57), p = 0.02. Conclusion: The plasma copeptin level was independently and positively associated with progression towards CKD in a community-based cohort. Our results add to the available evidence for a deleterious effect of high vasopressin on renal health not only in selected groups of patients with CKD but also in the general population.
Clinical Outcome after Switching Therapy from Ranibizumab and/or Bevacizumab to Aflibercept in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Pfau Maximilian , Fassnacht-Riederle Heidi , Becker Matthias D. , Graf Nicole , Michels Stephan
Published: September 2015

Purpose: After 48 months, unresolved macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is present in more than half of the patients treated with ranibizumab/bevacizumab. Switching therapy to aflibercept, a more recent vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) inhibitor, as well as VEGF-B and placental growth factor inhibitor, might improve the clinical outcome in patients with CRVO who respond insufficiently to ranibizumab/bevacizumab. Methods: The presented study is a retrospective analysis of CRVO patients (n = 13) responding insufficiently to ranibizumab and/or bevacizumab (requiring treatment every 6 weeks or more frequently). Treatment in these patients was switched to aflibercept, which was administered based on a ‘treat and extend' regime. The injection interval, relapse-free interval, central retinal thickness, central retinal volume, visual acuity, and intraocular pressure (IOP) were evaluated prior to switching to aflibercept and at month 6 and year 1 after switching therapy. Results: From baseline to year 1 after switching therapy to aflibercept, the mean injection interval (primary end point) increased by 0.51 months (p = 0.023) and the relapse-free interval by 3.02 weeks (p = 0.003). The mean central retinal thickness decreased by 195.84 µm and the mean central retinal volume (6 mm diameter) by -1.81 mm3 (p = 0.007). Correspondingly, the mean ETDRS score increased from 66.15 at baseline to 76.54 letters at year 1 after switching therapy to aflibercept (+10.38 letters, p = 0.021). The IOP was not statistically significantly affected (-1.2 mm Hg, p = 0.196). Conclusion: Switching therapy from intravitreal ranibizumab/bevacizumab to aflibercept in insufficiently responding macular edema secondary to CRVO elongates the injection interval and the relapse-free interval and provides an improved anatomical as well as functional outcome.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Left-Sided Prosthetic Paravalvular Regurgitation
Authors: Lampropoulos Konstantinos , Aggeli Constantina , Megalou Aikaterini , Barbetseas John , Budts Werner
Published: September 2015

Paravalvular leak (PVL) is a complication related to the surgical implantation of left-sided prosthetic valves. The prevalence of paravalvular regurgitation ranges between 5 and 20%. Left-sided prosthetic paravalvular regurgitation presents with a wide constellation of signs and symptoms ranging from asymptomatic murmur to heart failure, hemolysis and cardiac cachexia. Echocardiography plays a key role in imaging the PVL and can help in guiding the closure procedure with both transesophageal and intracardiac probes. Transcatheter closure of paravalvular regurgitations is an appealing prospect.
The AINU Technique for Laparoscopic Vesico-Vaginal Fistula Repair: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Mallikarjuna Chiuruvella , Nayak Prasant , Reddy K. Purnachandra C. , Ghouse Syed Mohammed , Ragoori Deepak , Bendigeri Mohammed Taif , Reddy Siva
Published: September 2015

Introduction: With safe obstetric practices now globally available, most vesico-vaginal fistulas (VVF) presenting in recent times are secondary to various gynecologic surgeries. Most of them are supra-trigonal in location. Laparoscopic repair of VVF is gaining ground as an alternative to open repair of VVF. In this study, we describe our initial experience with a novel technique of laparoscopic VVF repair involving a limited transverse cystotomy for access and a single-layered barbed suture closure of bladder. Materials and Methods: Twenty cases of supra-trigonal VVFs following gynecologic surgeries were taken up for repair by our novel technique. The mean age of the patients was 32 years and the mean VVF size was 1.5 cm. Results: The mean operative time was 54 min. Estimated mean blood loss was 30 ml and the mean postoperative stay was 2.5 days. None of the patients had any recurrence with a mean follow-up of 14 months. Conclusion: The limited transverse cystotomy approach has advantages in decreasing the operative time, improving ease of laparoscopic suturing, allowing an automatic separation of suture lines and allowing for an easier anterior dissection of the bladder to reduce tension on the suture line if necessary. Further this approach provides excellent results in select patients of supra-trigonal VVF in terms of continence and postoperative bladder overactivity.