bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Investigation of the Acute Effect of Craniocervical Flexion Exercise and Local Vibration on Semispinalis Cervicis and Multifidus Muscle Activation in a Healthy Individual
Authors: KÖSE Nezire , KAYABINAR Erdi , TÜRKMEN Ceyhun , PARLAK Şafak , KARLI OĞUZ Hatice Kader
Published: April 2019

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the acute
effects of craniocervical flexion exercise (CCFE) and vibration on the
activation of the semispinalis cervicis and multifidus muscles in a healthy
case. Materials and Methods: Our
study was carried out on a healthy male without neck pain at the age of 21 at
Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences, Physiotherapy and
Rehabilitation Department and Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Radiology
Department. First, the individual was taught craniocervical flexion exercise
(CCFE). Later on, cervical MR images of the 3-T magnet MRG device were taken at
the National Magnetic Resonance Research Center of Bilkent University. The
sections obtained from the deep paravertebral region muscles by "T2 map
color mapping method" and the muscle areas of activation were drawn by
observation. T2 relaxation values associated with muscle activation were
calculated. Later on, case was asked to perform CCF exercise with 10 seconds of
contraction and 5 seconds of rest and 20 repetitions. MRI measurements were
repeated after exercise. After a resting period of forty-five minutes, the
images of the paravertebral muscles were recorded with MRI again before the
vibration and the neck of the case was vibrated for 5 minutes. After the vibration,
the MRI measurements were repeated and compared with the results of the first
measurement. Results: It has been
found that the results obtained immediately after the KSF exercise and after
the application of vibration have some limited variations in the activation of
the deep paravertebral neck muscles when compared to the results before CCF and
vibration. Conclusion: At the end of
this study it was thought that the CCF exercise and the application of
vibration may have a limited and positive effect on the deep paravertebral
muscles and studies with different exercise protocol and vibration intensity on
more cases are needed in order to clarify this effect more clearly.
The Mathematical Model of Coupling Calculation the Electromagnetic Field and Heats of End Zone Powerful Turbogenerator
Authors: Kensytskyi O. H. , Hvalin D. I. , Kobzar K. O.
Published: April 2019

A quasi-three-dimensional field mathematical model of the electromagnetic field and heat transfer processes in end zone of a powerful turbogenerator has been developed. A model is the intermediate version between two-dimensional and three-dimensional solutions and is based on the numeral calculations in transversal and longitudinal sections of turbogenerator, interconnected by a complex of boundary conditions. On the first stage, a two-dimensional field model of the electromagnetic field in transversal section of central zone of a turbogenerator is considered. Then, taking into account the field distribution in central part, the magnetic field in longitudinal section is simulated. In response to the symmetry of the machine along axial and radial directions, the calculation area of end zone is considered as a half of the rotor section along its axis and the section of the stator core tooth in the tangential direction (circumferentially). Having taken the distribution of electromagnetic parameters obtained in the load mode of the machine as the initial data, the thermal losses in the elements and nodes of the end zone are determined. As a result of solving the joint problem of calculating the electromagnetic field and heat exchange processes, the distribution of heating has been obtained not only on the surface, but also inside the structural parts of the end zone. In particular, it has been found that the maximum temperature of 97.3 °C takes place in the tooth area of the end package of the stator core. This is explained by the combined effect of the main radial field, the axial leakage flux of the frontal portions of the stator and rotor windings, as well as by the “buckling” of a portion of the main flux out of the air gap. In addition, the pressure plate shielding effect is the cause of local field concentration in the toothed zone of the end package. The presented model makes it possible as early as at the design stage to evaluate the efficiency of design solutions for the formation of the end zone of the turbogenerator stator for different load modes of the machine, including the modes of consumption of reactive power.
One-Dimensional Simulation of the In-Situ Oil Combustion with Consideration to Fluid and Solid Combustible Components
Authors: Koznacheev I. A. , Dobrego K. V.
Published: April 2019

The one-dimensional axisymmetric problem of initiation of a combustion wave in an oil-saturated reservoir is solved numerically. Two combustible components, viz. liquid (oil) and solid (kerogen, oil sorbate) were considered. The influence of the abovementioned components on time of the hot site ignition and combustion front speed was simulated and analyzed. It was demonstrated that growth of the mass fraction of liquid component (the total heat content being preserved) results in retard of formation of the hot site near the well and in reduction of the maximum temperature of the combustion wave, disregarding of the higher reactivity of liquid combustible. Simulation revealed existence of the two “peaks” of thermal front velocity. The first one corresponds by time to ignition of combustion site. The second one corresponds to a moment when the solid component combustion front overrides the oil displacement front. Calculations shown, that thermal wave propagation velocity, at least after passing the “peaks” and transition to quasi-steady regime, does not considerably depend on mass traction of the fluid component in the system. A typical term of the exothermic reaction site formation may increase from 50 to 200 days in case of growth of the liquid component content from 30 to 80 mass % at the considered thermal conditions in the oil reservoir. Thus, the implementation of the thermo-gas method in high-productive layers increases the likelihood of difficulty of initiation of a fire. Therefore, the study of the regularities of intra-combustion in such cases is of a particular interest. For instance, the task of combustion site ignition may be resolved by increase of oxygen content in blowing-gas or by means of non-steady (periodical) blowing. It is found that taking into consideration of highly reactive liquid component results in widening (diffusion) of the thermal front, which may play positive role in its spatial thermo-hydrodynamic stabilization. The results of simulation may be utilized for development of technical projects of oil recovery via in-situ combustion, for designing of furnaces utilizing multicomponent fixed layer fuels and for thermochemical investigation of multicomponent fuels.
Carbon Dioxide Turbine Expander Plant Producing Liquid and Gaseous Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Ovsyannik A. V.
Published: April 2019

The scheme of carbon dioxide cogeneration and trigeneration plant with the use of secondary energy resources in the form of combustion products or flue gases that enables to produce electricity, thermal energy and cold for centralized and decentralized supply of consumers simultaneously, is presented. In addition, the plant can produce liquid and gaseous carbon dioxide. The main elements of the plant are a heating unit, a turbodetander unit and a carbon dioxide unit for the production of cold, liquid and gaseous carbon dioxide. A thermodynamic calculation and a brief exergy analysis of the plant were carried out. In the proposed plant, off-gases from glassmelting, metallurgical furnaces, heat power facility and other energy facilities with a secondary energy temperature of 250–400 °C and above can be used as secondary energy resources. The heating unit of the installation has been designed to produce thermal energy for heating and hot water supply systems. The carbon dioxide unit has been designed for the production of cold, electric energy and carbon dioxide in liquid and gaseous form in order to ensure the operation of the plant and the use for commercial purposes. The cold in the plant can be obtained in two evaporators operating at different boiling temperatures. At a higher boiling point of carbon dioxide, cold is used in air conditioning systems and in centralized cooling and storage systems, while at a lower boiling point of carbon dioxide – in freezing and storage systems. For the implementation of the reverse carbon dioxide cycle, a three-stage carbon dioxide compressor with a receiver after the third stage is used. To reduce compression performance of the compressor, complete intermediate cooling of carbon dioxide between stages should be provided.
Improving the Efficiency of Planning
Authors: Chazov E. L. , Grakhov V. P. , Krivorotov V. V. , Simchenko O. L.
Published: April 2019

The first and one of the most important functions of management is planning. At the same time, in the current market conditions, the time for the implementation of this stage is very limited. In many ways, this applies to the oil and gas industry all the same. Due to the reduction of the resource base of the industry, the share of super-profitable projects has decreased significantly. Extraction of hard-to-recover oil and gas reserves is associated with active investment activities and with the need to introduce expensive technologies and equipment. The most common type of investment project associated with the geological and technical activities is being considered in the present paper. In order to increase the economic efficiency of the geological and technical activities it is proposed to implement an automated model at the stage of planning. This model, on the basis of the generalized geological, technological, statistical, macroeconomic and economic indicators, allows to solve quickly the following problems: of more precise and prompt planning the expenses on carrying out geological and technical actions; of defining minimum admissible profitable level of an oil flow rate after carrying out geological and technical actions; of determining the most economically justified duration of the overhaul of the well; of organizing the projects of geological and technical measures according to their attractiveness. As a result of the implementation of the automated model, an efficiency matrix for a particular field was compiled that determines the impact of the necessary investments and planned flow rate on the economic indicators of the project. The use of this matrix made it possible to exclude several inefficient geological and technical measures from the plan. The method of ranking based on the calculation of the integrated efficiency coefficient has been developed. On its basis, the issue of making optimal management decisions taking into account the impact of risk assessment in the case of projects with the same economic efficiency is solved.
Wind Turbine Electrical Energy Supply System for Oil Well Heating
Authors: Belsky A. A. , Morenov V. A. , Kupavykh K. S. , Sandyga M. S.
Published: April 2019

In this article, the authors reviewed a new technology to prevent the formation of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits by the thermal method of electrothermal impact on the oil wellbore shaft using a wind-electric installation as an autonomous power source. The advantage of this thermal stimulation technique lies in its continuous nature, which will allow keeping the clear opening of the tubing constant. The scheme of the autonomous system for down-hole electric heating of oil is presented. A tubular or induction heater can serve as an electric heating element placed in the well. The heating element of the system can be used in the wells exploited by freeflow, gas lift and mechanized methods, while its installation does not require an overhaul. The paraffin oil saturation temperature and temperature distribution over the depth of the well were defined. The amount of heat, which must be transferred to the oil mixture in the tubing in order to ensure effective operation of the well, taking into account the dynamic state of the system, is calculated. The optimal depth of the heating element's location in the well and its power was determined. The calculation of the required power for wind-electric installation to maintain the set temperature in the wellbore was performed. Having conducted the studies, it was revealed that in order to prevent the asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits formation on the tubing walls of oil wells, it is expedient to use the in-line heater, which maintains the average steady-state temperature along the wellbore and at the wellhead above the initial crystallization point of the asphaltresin-paraffin deposits. The application of the developed electrothermal system is relevant in the conditions of formation of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits in the wellbore shaft at the fields, which do not have a connection to the centralized power grid.
Research the causes of formation of internal pores (blowholes) in welded joints of metal wire cord
Authors: Borisovets I. V. , Kurenkova T. P. , Sakharnaja A. A.
Published: April 2019

Analysis of the research results shows that about 20% of defective weld joints of the metal wire cord are destroyed due to the presence of internal pores in the weld zone. The article analyzes the results of the work carried out in the laboratories of the Belarusian metallurgical works – the management company of the Belarusian metallurgical company holding, and identifies possible causes of this defect in the structure of welded metal wire cord joints.
Mathematical modeling of the distribution of dust emissions in the spatial structure of the workshop
Authors: Matyushinets T. V. , Jatskevich S. Yu. , Chychko A. N.
Published: April 2019

On the basis of mathematical modeling, numerical calculations of the process of forming dust emissions in the workshop containing equipment are performed. The possibilities of obtaining calculated information on the distribution of velocities, temperatures, and dust emissions in a 3d-spatial structure are shown. Calculated three-dimensional dynamics of air and dust in the conditions of the workshop, which can be used to develop activities to improve the ecology of the workshop.
Hydrogen technologies in foundry and metallurgy: current state and perspectives (review)
Authors: Goltsova M. V.
Published: April 2019

The article presents an overview of achievements of hydrogen treatment of materials, – the field of materials science, which makes possible improvement of materials structure and properties with the help of a reversible hydrogen effect. Examples of the hydrogen technologies use in casting and metallurgy are shown. Thermohydrogen processing (THP) of titanium alloys consists of a number of successive operations: hydrogenation of the metal to specified concentrations, technological action on the metal, vacuum annealing to remove hydrogen from the metal to safe concentrations. THP allows plasticizing titanium alloys, increasing their antifriction properties. In welded joints of titanium alloys, the THP equalizes the plasticity of the welded joint and the base metal, increases the cyclic life of the products by 2–2.5 times. In the technologies of casting, the preliminary hydrogenation of a number of aluminum melts leads to an increase in the strength limit by 20–30%, and the relative elongation by 15–45%, and also increasing heat resistance after plastic deformation. With the help of hydrogen, it is possible to carry out controlled powdering of intermetallic compounds, to form nanostructures in materials, to accelerate the processes of chemical-thermal treatment, and to cause «artificial polymorphism» in metals that are not polymorphic by its nature.

It is concluded that some of hydrogen technologies have already been commercialized, some are still waiting for wide use. In general, the prospects for the development of hydrogen processing of materials lie in the development of the application of metal– hydrogen systems, and international activity (in particular, schools and conferences), traditionally and regularly held on this topic, allow us to judge the intensive development of the theory and practice of hydrogen technologies.
New perspectives of additional doping and restructuring of cast metal materials
Authors: Marukovich E. I. , Usherenko S. M. , Usherenko Yu. S.
Published: April 2019

Possibilities of creation of composites with application of a method of super-deep penetration (SDP) are considered. At drifting of metals and alloys in a regime of super-deep penetration powdered particles penetrate to depths into tens and hundreds millimetres. Results are brought, that at driving in a metal lower die (in the enclosed system) powdered particles generate additional energy. The filaments (channels) doped by substance introduced by powders and synthesised materials are besides, shaped. It is shown, that doping in regime SDP is localised in reinforcing zones and occurs at the expense of a heading of a material of microparticles and synthesis in high pressure zones.
Integration of neural models in the process of technological preparation of the production of castings
Authors: Odarchenko I. B. , Zharanov V. A. , Prusenko I. N.
Published: April 2019

The methodical application of neural network modeling in preparation and optimization of casting technology is described. A new technique for classifying castings based on geometric relationships of the geometry of parts and information on the distribution of wall thickness in castings.
Scientific support of modernization of the Holding «Belarusian Metallurgical Company»
Authors: Vityaz' P. A. , Tolstoy A. V. , Vengura A. V.
Published: April 2019

Освещены вопросы деятельности Совета Научно-производственного центра ОАО «БМЗ – управляющая компания холдинга «БМК», направленной на научное обеспечение модернизации холдинга «БМК». Приведены примеры комплексной модернизации действующего производства и ввода в эксплуатацию новых производственных мощностей, рассмотрена концепция развития литейного производства на предприятиях холдинга до 2020 года, приоритетные направления развития Белорусского металлургического завода. Представлены некоторые разработки белорусских ученых, готовые к использованию на предприятиях.
Materials and Developments Heinrich Wagner Sinto Maschinenfabrik GmbH
Authors: Editotial Article
Published: April 2019

The company Kutes Metall equips its foundry with a SEIATSU molding plant manufactured by Heinrich Wagner Sinto. The special feature of this molding plant. The SEIATSU.plus compaction process which enables different compaction techniques and combinations depending on requirements. In particular, with an occupancy up to the edge of the molding box optimum pressure values and consequently good casting qualities are achieved.
Structure for interaction software process modules in the development of technological processes of cast
Authors: Fasevich Yu. N. , Rudnitsky F. I.
Published: April 2019

On the basis of the General criterion of quality the problem-oriented program technological algorithm for adjustment of technological parameters at the expense of reception of the characteristics investigated thermophysical properties of the profits providing the steady mode of imposing of hydrodynamic pressure before the beginning of crystallization of casting as a result of heating of profitable part of the interconnected elements «Gating system–casting» is developed. The software algorithm uses the means of computational experiment to determine the optimal values of the parameters in the development of cast processes. Optimization of the thermal regime is reduced to the analysis of the results of the studied thermophysical properties of top ingot due to the heating of the profitable part of the Gating-feeding system. The tested parameters are: temperature in top ingot in crystallized metal; wall thickness of top ingot; thermophysical reaction; the speed of the die casting liquid steel; the height of the heel of metal in top ingot.
Ventilation of molds for die casting
Authors: Mikhaltsov A. M. , Pivovarchyk A. A.
Published: April 2019

This paper describes the factors that affect gas content in castings during pressure molding. The possibility of removing air and gases from the cavity of the mold through the ventilation channels in the process of filling it with liquid metal is considered. It is shown that the previously used assumption about the outflow of gases from the mold as through a hole in a thin wall is not correct. The calculations, taking into account the friction factor in narrow ventilation ducts, showed that the required crosssectional area of the ventilation ducts increases 4–6 times with a depth of 0,12 mm. If the obtained value of the cross-sectional area of the ventilation ducts is not possible to realize, at a given depth, it is proposed to use an accompanying vacuum to solve the problem.
Influence of deoxidizing powder on the internal surface of hot-rolled pipes
Authors: Rozhkova O. V.
Published: April 2019

The article describes the experience of using deoxidizing powder in the technological process of production of hot-rolled seamless pipes; the processes that occur when applying to the inner surface of the hollow billet deoxidizing powder. The results of experimental and industrial tests of deoxidizing powder of different chemical composition are presented. The influence of the chemical composition of the deoxidizing powder on the formation of defects on the inner surface of the pipes is shown. Describes the stages of metallographic analysis of the defects on the inner surface of the pipe, provided the reasons for the formation of the defect «pipe rolling lap (skin)».
The requirements of the international standards on traceability of measurement results at OJSC «BSW – Management Company of Holding «BMC»
Authors: Borisenko E. V. , Buyanova I. V.
Published: April 2019

A serious barrier to the sale of products on the market is the trust in organizations that perform measurements during product testing, as well as calibration (verification) of the used measuring instruments. Confidence and recognition of measurement results at the international level is ensured through an accreditation mechanism. To ensure effective functioning at the international level, accreditation organizations enter into a multilateral agreement that provides for the use of common standards in the conduct of accreditation. One of the important requirements of these standards is the implementation and demonstration of metrological traceability, which is a tool for ensuring the uniformity of measurements.
The Small-Scale Satellite Modular Hyperspectrometer
Authors: Martinov A. O. , Beliaev Yu. V. , Beliaev B. I. , Chumakov A. V. , Damaratski A. V.
Published: April 2019

Recently in the world practice of aerospace monitoring of the Earth there has been an increasingly active using of methods and devices of hyperspectral imaging. Thus creation of systems designed for recording hyperspectral data and methods for their processing is an actual task for remote sensing of the Earth. The aim of the article was to develop and create a small-sized satellite modular hyperspectrometer in visible and near infrared range, designed to receive information on remote sensing of the Earth in order to constantly update data about state of natural environment and infrastructure objects using videospectral methods with the possibility of comprehensive study of both spectral and spatial characteristics of the observed objects.

A small-scale satellite modular hyperspectrometer has been developed. The distinctive features of the equipment include high spectral resolution and small dimensions. A hyperspectrometer includes two main modules: an optical module and an electronics one. The design feature of the optical module is the use of a concave holographic diffraction grating in a polychromator. The electronics module is based on a single board computer. Their description and design features, a scheme for the formation of a hypercube and software for its further processing are presented in the paper. The developed hardware (test equipment, a space experiment simulator and a spatial scanning system) for efficiency testing is presented also, as well as test measurements ware conducted. 

It is worth noting the extremely small dimensions for this class of devices in comparison with analogues as well as the vibration resistance of the equipment.
Measuring the Temperature and Stress-Strain States of a Tube Sample under the Local Stochastic Temperature Pulsations
Authors: Dmitriev S. M. , Ryazapov R. R. , Mamaev A. V. , Sobornov A. E. , Kotin A. V. , Legchanov M. A. , Lvov A. V.
Published: April 2019

Provding a high level of durability of heat exchange equipment of water-cooled reactors under local stochastic temperature pulsations is an important scientific and technical problem for the nuclear power industry. Temperature pulsations produced by mixing non-isothermal coolant flows with high temperature gradient are most dangerous. This work is an experimental study of temperature and stress-strain state of a tube sample under local stochastic temperature pulsations caused by mixing of coolant flows.

To solve the problems posed, aY-junction with «counter injection» was built, which was included in the thermal-hydraulic research facility. The design of theY-junction allows study of the thermal-hydraulic characteristics and durability of tube samples made of austenitic steel of 60 × 5 мм. Some tube samples had developed for measuring the temperature, stress-strain state of tube material and temperature field of coolant flow in mixing zone of single-phase coolants with different temperatures. Measuring tube samples were equipped with micro thermocouples and strain gauges.

The experimental data of temperature pulsations, time-averaged temperature field in the coolant flow and on the outer surface of the sample were obtained, and statistical and spectral correlation characteristics of temperature pulsations were analyzed. According to results of measuring the relative strain, values of stresses were calculated.

Devices and research techniques are developed. The combination of coolant flows parameters that provide thermal load of the metal surface at the highest level of stress intensity amplitude was obtained. The study results are used to verify the method for evaluating fatigue of reactor installations materials under stochastic temperature pulsations.
Methods of Increasing the Reliability of the Received Data of the Photon Counter Based on the Analysis of the Pulse Counting Rate During the Transmission of Binary Symbols «0»
Authors: Timofeev A. M.
Published: April 2019

When measuring low-power optical signals, the receiving modules of systems should ensure a sufficiently high accuracy of the received data. In this regard, it is advisable to use photon counters. They are highly sensitive, but are characterized by data recording errors. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of the average pulse count rate of photons at the output of the counter on the reliability of the received information with the dead time photon counter.

An expression for estimating the reliability of the received binary data when they were registered in the fiber-optic communication channel was obtained. This expression takes into account the statistical distributions of the number of pulses at the output of the photon counter.

Studies have shown that with increasing ns0, the reliability of the data obtained at the beginning is practically does not change and is close to unity, and then decreases. Moreover, all other parameters being equal, with an increase in the average duration of the dead time of the prolonging type τd , this dependence decreases with large values of ns0: with ns0 ≥ 66,6·103 s-1 for τd = 0; with ns0 ≥ 74,1·103 s-1 for τd = 5 μs; with ns0 ≥ 83,5·103 s-1 for τd = 10 μs; with ns0 ≥ 95,6·103 s-1 for τd = 15 μs.
Quality as Subjectively Measured Value
Authors: Serenkov P. S. , Romanchak V. M.
Published: April 2019

The paper identifies the problem of ensuring the reliability of measurement results of quality characteristics as subjective values and their correct application in logical and mathematical models of making decisions. The purpose of this study is to increase the reliability of expert evaluation of individual characteristics of the quality of processes, products, systems.

The article describes basic methodological approaches to subjective measurements represented by the classical, operational and representational theories of measurement. The most acceptable for the purposes of ensuring the reliability of the expert evaluation of the single quality characteristics a representative theory, suggesting that the subjective value can be measured only in nominal or ordinal scales was determined. The contradiction is established: the possibility of measuring of single quality characteristics in the ordinal scale does not meet the needs of specialists in the field of quality, whouse subjective measurements to solve problems of analysis and decision-making, requiring the use of logical and mathematical models; in that way estimates should be expressed at least in the interval scale. The article substantiates the best solution of this problem by use of the rating scale which has properties of both ordinal and interval scales.

Within the framework of the expert methods of quality measurements development two fundamental elements of the methodology of subjective measurements of subjective values from the standpoint of representative theory are formulated: 1) the rating scale as a modified scale of ranks, 2) the method of organization of the measurement process as a method of alternative assessment of expert preferences.

Much attention is given to axiomatic of the rating scale having properties of both ordinal and interval scales. The algorithm of implementation of alternative assessment's of expert preferences method which is based on a special two-stage plan of alternative expert survey and statistical criterion of preferences' stability was suggested. In conjunction, the methodologies of subjective measurements of subjective values ensure the correctness of the rating scale's formation and conversion of the values of quality characteristics in the form of ratings in the corresponding values expressed at least in the scale of intervals.
Experimental Determination of Amplitude-Frequency Characteristics in Response to Sound Strengthening of Hard Alloys
Authors: Sheleg V. K. , Jigalov A. N.
Published: April 2019

The paper proposes to reach such external energy which is sufficient for shifting carbide atoms and binding through application of resonance effect on frequencies that corresponds to sound wave spectrum. The energy is used to increase resistance of hard alloys with simultaneous preservation of high characteristics in hardness and density and which are operating under heavy technological conditions with an impact load. Method of aerodynamic strengthening has been developed and patented in order to impart new properties to hard alloys. While carrying out the strengthening the effect is reached due to high-energy action of sound waves on structure of hard alloys at low temperature. Milling of carbide phases and their redistribution, reduction of dislocation in internal structure, improvement structure parameters for specified operational conditions occur in strengthened hard alloys. The obtained results prove a resonance factor of energy deposition while using method of aerodynamic strengthening. It has been experimentally determined that in order to use this strengthening method for hard alloys there are two most efficient processing modes and each of them has up to five clearly expressed resonance amplitude spikes at specific frequencies and the most efficient one is the first mode. Attenuation ratios have been determined while processing hard alloys for every strengthening mode. Results of the research prove the fact that the method of aerodynamic strengthening is an efficient mechanism that changes properties of hard alloys operating with impact loads: improvement of wear resistance in hard alloy plates is reached by 20–40 % upon the expiry of 30 minute operational period while making strengthening at resonance frequencies.
Influence of Elastic Core on Size of Ring Product under Bending of Fluoroplastic Band
Authors: Vershina G. A. , Reut L. E.
Published: April 2019

The paper is devoted to study of a possibility to manufacture fluoroplastic products while using method of cold deformation of pressed blanks and research of peculiar features in mechanical behavior of fluoroplastic which are revealed during deformation that affects quality and accuracy of the manufactured parts. Manufacturing technique of fluoroplastic sealing rings which are obtained while using method of coiling a band blank on a cylindrical mandrel with further endurance in a wound state and subsequent cutting of a spiral on rings has been considered in the paper. An important stage in the development of the technological process is a calculation and a design of a tool (mandrel caliber) that ensure obtaining of ring products with the required size and shape. Deformation behavior of fluoroplastic under conditions of force action is significantly different from the behavior of the known classical materials and it has a number of specific features and manifestations. Therefore the problem for creation of a calculation methodology for tool development looks as a complicated one and it requires a justified approach while selecting a mechanical model of polymer. Considering the fact that fluoroplastic has a structure with a high degree of crystallinity, a mechanism and sequence of deformations in it due to load are largely similar to the behavior of metals and other low-molecular materials. It allows to use methods and approaches adopted in the mechanics of solids for a calculation of fluoroplastic products however it is necessary to take into account the fact that deformation processes in polymers proceed in time and have a different nature of elastic and residual deformations. When bending the fluoroplastic band in case of winding it on the mandrel residual deformations which provide the required size and shape play the most significant role. However elastic deformations which cause springing and change of size in a finished product after removal of loading are also important. It has been proved that an elastic zone of finite width which has a certain influence on accuracy of manufactured products with due account of all accumulated elastic deformations will be present in the field of a neutral layer even at high degrees of deformation. In this case, fluoroplastic is a multi-modulus material having elasticity which at stretching is significantly higher than in compression, and therefore elastic recovery is more associated with the area of stretched fibers. The authors have developed a methodology for calculation of the tool for obtaining rings of the required size on the basis of the analysis pertaining to deformation behavior of the fluoroplastic while taking into account specificity of its mechanical properties. The proposed methodology with a sufficient degree of accuracy is consistent with the results of experimental studies.
Device for Checking Acuteness of Injection Needle Point and Test Methodology
Authors: Kiselev M. G. , Monich S. G. , Semenkovich V. P. , Kuchinskaya O. V.
Published: April 2019

The paper presents a designed device for checking acuteness of injection needle point and development of methodology for conducting corresponding tests. Basic information on disposable injection needles including their purpose, structural elements and requirements for the state of their points. The paper describes a standard method for checking acuteness of injection needle point which is based on measuring maximum force for piercing a high-pressure polyethylene film of a certain thickness by an injection needle during its translatory motion at a given speed. A description is given of the design and operating principle of the developed device that implements this method for checking acuteness of injection needle points. Main provisions of the developed methodology for conducting these tests including sequence and content of actions during their execution have been set out in the paper. Results of the experiments on verification of acuteness in injection needle points of four-diameter confirm practical use validity of the developed device and methodology for conducting corresponding injection needle tests. The obtained oscillograms on changes in the force acting on a needle in the process of polyethylene film piercing are highly informative and that makes it possible to investigate in detail specific features at all stages of the process being studied, including both the stage of film piercing by a test needle and the subsequent stage of removing it from the contact with the film.
Development of Model for Traffic Flows on Urban Street and Road Network
Authors: Kapskiy D. V. , Navoy D. V. , Pegin P. A.
Published: April 2019

The paper considers issues pertaining to creation of a model for controlling road traffic with the purpose to minimize delays on street and road network, which is proposed as an innovative one while developing an intelligent transport system of the large city that is Minsk. The developed model has a complex structure of algorithmic support. The first-level model has been implemented on the basis of fuzzy logic, for which a program has been developed and conditions have been determined, and operation of traffic light at a real local intersection of Minsk, which is included in the automated traffic management system, has been simulated. Innovation in the first-level model is an approach in determining conditions while detecting a fuzzy set without using a standard algorithm that is an algorithm of local flexible regulation. The paper proposes and investigates a model that works on the basis of operationally obtained parameters of traffic flow intensity at characteristic points (sections) of street and road network. Efficiency of the first-level model has been equal to 8 % due to optimization of a traffic light cycle (reduction of transport delays during passage of stop lines). Results of the simulation using the proposed computer program have made it possible to improve efficiency of traffic management on the studied highway (Logoysky trakt) in Minsk city of Minsk by 15 % due to decrease of delay level in case of unilateral coordination. The algorithm has been already implemented as part of the current automated traffic management system in the city of Minsk and it has shown its efficiency. However this efficiency can be increased if it is used together with an algorithm for searching maximum volume of motion in a cycle with a distributed intensity pulse. It has been planned to take into account this specific feature when increasing possibilities for algorithmization of traffic management.
System for Ensuring Social and Economic Security of Industrial Sector
Authors: Shvaiba D. N.
Published: April 2019

Methodological basis for formation of system to ensure social and economic security make provisions for specific features of industrial sector. It is proposed to reflect specificity of its protection with the help of methodological and operational fundamentals. Methodological fundamentals have been formulated on the basis of functional specificity for ensuring social and economic security of the industrial sector which was determined with the help of research process. They create a perimeter for ensuring social and economic security which is formed by expectations of the society from defense system of the country’s industrial sector. Operational fundamentals complement functional specificity of the system for ensuring social and economic security through formation of a specific institutional framework. The framework includes the following components: modeling presupposing multivariance in escalation of adverse events in the industrial sector and methods for its evaluation; instrumental assistance which takes into account necessity for instrumental diversity in order to implement defense functions in changing criteria (environment of industrial sector functioning, its structure and state of inter-element relations); functional consistency as a requirement to balance targets for ensuring social and economic security of the industrial sector with objectives and values pertaining to formation of the country’s industrial sector which are fixed in program documents of the state.
Sources of Company’s Competitive Advantages: Outlook of Strategy Schools
Authors: Hromava M. A.
Published: April 2019

The paper analyzes approaches to interpretation of a competitive advantage source in various schools of strategic management. Systematizing concepts and approaches of foreign and national researchers within the framework of this or that strategy school the author of the paper gives preference to the Lakatos concept that various scientific-research programs may coexist and compete simultaneously. Strategic management science does not have any obstacle to compare competing theories in justifying sources of strategic competitive advantage. An internal logic of a theory serves as the basis to compare quality of verbal or formal school models, and consideration of successful / unsuccessful strategies in modern dynamically developing economy makes it possible to obtain data for empirical verification of the models. Purpose of the paper is to evaluate prospects of scientific-research programs proposed by various strategy schools in the context of their approaches to sources of competitive advantage. Evolution of science and practice in strategiс has led to shift in emphasis for understanding a company not as a set of business units but as a set of resources and competencies that contributed to obtaining a dominant position in strategic management of resource-based strategy concept. Search for sources of competitive advantage has been shifted to specific resources which a company possess. Such approach lays a solid foundation for a qualitative analysis of strong and weak points of the organization while forming a sustainable long-term advantage based on the development and protection of company's internal resources. Research of competitive advantage resources from the perspective of the concept of company’s dynamic abilities (modern stage of resource-based concept development) is considered as the most promising one because it is based on endogenous nature of advantage sources. This approach rejects implausible assumptions and emphasizes importance of an entrepreneurial factor.
Recycling of Materials for Pavement Dressing: Analytical Review
Authors: Liu Tingguo . , Zankavich V. N. , Aliakseyeu Yu. N. , Khroustalev B. M.
Published: April 2019

The paper presents an analytical review of materials recycling for pavement dressing. Recycling or repeated usage of pavement dressing materials while making reconstruction and repair of road pavements is not considered as a new conception and it has been realized in various countries of the world since 20th century. Recycling (hot, cold) is based on methods of its execution, properties of pavement dressing materials which are subjected to processing and which influence on the quality of final material, technical and operational indices, specific economic efficiency. Investigations on the processes of structure formation, thermo-physical properties in components based on granulates of transformed pavement dressings during recycling demonstrate that regeneration makes it possible to attain 100 % recovery of material properties for road pavement base. The paper describes other factors which represent a complex of challenges concerning exterior and internal problems. These problems have arisen due to actual processes of heat and mass transfer in one layer, multi-layer systems of pavement dressings. At known coefficients of heat conductivity, steam- and mass permeability, diffusion, filtration, temperature conductivity, density of material layers etc. initial and boundary conditions it is possible to carry out optimization of heat- and mass transfer problems from bottom surface of road layer to its base (sand, bulk materials, ground). In addition to it, while taking into account development of scientific prospective direction that concerns nano-technology and creation of nano-materials for higher reliability of road dressings it is necessary to consider nanomaterial science in road-construction industry as the most actual one because when we study problems pertaining to fractional composition of all road dressing components including transfer to nanomaterials, for example, application of modified water-reducing agent based on nanostructured carbon it is possible significantly to increase physical and technological properties of asphalt concrete and concrete road dressings. The paper reveals that it is necessary to continue and expand study of physical and technical and thermophysical properties of new materials on the basis of nano-technologies with application of modified, nanostructured carbon-based plasticizer for construction-road industry because especially these additives significantly increase cement activity that leads to improvement of strength, reliability and longevity for the obtained materials.
Algorithm for alerting the unmanned aerial vehicle operator based on the image potential obstacle borders detection on the flight trajectory using the OPEN CV library
Authors: Stepanov V. Yu. , Hvitko E. A.
Published: April 2019

The article describes several modifications of the obstacle detection algorithm on the flight trajectory of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). First, we give an illustration of the problems on the example of the relief image on topographic maps and the essence of the relief image by horizontal contours. Then the conclusion is made about necessity of development of algorithm and software, which can help the operator of the UAV in deciding on necessary trajectory changes of UAV, since, for example, guided solely by the method image of the terrain or another similar method in the planning of the UAV trajectory as preliminary preparation for the flight, however, such methods are fairly static and are not suitable in such situations as, for example, detection of unexpected obstacles. Further, the article describes the process of developing several modifications of the algorithm that solves the above problem and generates a notification of the UAV operator. It is also described depending on the flight speed of the UAV and natural conditions; it is possible to choose the most appropriate modification of the algorithm, which has different sensitivity to potential obstacles. The conclusion shows the settings screen and results of the software work and the principle of visual notification of the UAV operator with the proposal direction of the flight around detected obstacles.