bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is a mix – A fix? “A microscopic analysis of depth of penetration of three combinations of irrigants”
Authors: Sunanda Yantrapragada Lakshmi , Parvathaneni Krishna Prasad , Raju T. B. V. G. , Seshadri Abitha , Varma Nadimpalli Mahendra , Dondapati Gowtam Dev
Published: February 2024

Aims:

The aim of the study is to evaluate the penetration depth of irrigants mixed with NaOCl into dentinal tubules at the apical third of the root canal using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM).

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-six single-rooted teeth were selected, decoronated, and straight-line access established. Then, the canal was enlarged with hand Protaper till size F3. The samples were divided randomly into three groups: Group 1 was irrigated with 3% NaOCl mixed with 1% phytic acid; Group 2 was irrigated with 3% NaOCl mixed with 18% etidronic acid; and Group 3 was irrigated with 3% NaOCl mixed with chitosan. The samples were subjected to CLSM evaluation. One-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post hoc was used for statistical analysis.

Results:

Group 3 (NaOCl with chitosan) showed a greater depth of penetration in comparison to Groups 1 and 2.

Conclusion:

Within limitations, it can be concluded that chitosan, in combination with NaOCl can be used as an alternative to the current irrigation protocol.
Minimal intervention dentistry: What is its clinical application and effectiveness in different continents? – A scoping review
Authors: Perrone Beatriz Ribeiro , Bottesini Victor Cavallaro , Duarte Danilo Antonio
Published: February 2024

The aim of minimal intervention dentistry (MID) is to maximize the preservation of dental tissues through the use of modern and effective techniques and procedures. The central objective of MID is to increase the functional life of dental elements and, consequently, the quality of life of the population. The present study aimed to analyze and map the diffusion and clinical application of MID in different continents around the world. To perform this scoping review, the PRISMA checklist was used, adopting the following: population – dentists; concept – effectiveness of MID; and context – continents. The following databases were used: PubMed, European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry, Scientific Electronic Library, Latin Literature American and Caribbean Association in Health Sciences, and SCOPUS. The following keywords were used in the searches: “pediatric dentistry,” “atraumatic restorative treatment,” “dental caries,” “child health,” and “glass ionomer cements” using “and” and “or” combined with “minimal intervention dentistry.” Studies published before 2010 as well as theses, dissertations, opinion articles, editorials, and guidelines, were excluded from the study. A total of 160 articles were obtained, and 17 articles were screened and selected for full reading. The analysis of the studies reveals the disparity in the use of minimal intervention techniques among continents due to a lack of knowledge of these techniques or lack of confidence in changing professional approaches, thus emphasizing the need for the dissemination and teaching of MID.
Effect of various disinfectant solutions on the tensile strength of gutta-percha using the rapid sterilization technique
Authors: Rudranaik Sandeep , Nagashetty Yoganatha Hanasoge , Gowda Sahadev Chikmagarvalli Krishna , Jaganath Bharath Makonahalli , Nirmala K. B. , Gowda M. C. Bharath
Published: February 2024

Context:

Gutta-percha (GP) gets contaminated during handling. It becomes imperative to ensure GP is sterile before placement in root canal space.

Aims:

The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the tensile strength of GP treated with four different disinfectant solutions: 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), amla juice (AJ), Aloe vera (AV) juice, and pancha tulsi (PT).

Settings and Design:

The study design was an in vitro study.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty GP cones with a size of 30 were procured from sealed packages in five different groups. Experimental groups were disinfected for 1 min with 3% NaOCl, AJ, AV, and PT except the control group. Tensile and Brinell Testing Machine is used to measure the tensile strengths of GP.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Results were subjected to statistical analysis using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post hoc test.

Results:

The mean tensile strength values for Groups A, B, C, D, and E are 9.49 Mpa, 13.33 Mpa, 12.58 Mpa, 12.69 MPa, and 13.56 MPa, respectively. In the herbal disinfectant group, such as AJ, AV, and PT, the tensile strength was not significantly altered, whereas in the 3% NaOCl group, it was reduced considerably.

Conclusions:

AJ, AV juice, and PT as a GP disinfectant do not alter the tensile strength of GP cones.
The relationship between anxiety and academic identity and the motivation to study nursing and midwifery in the covid-19 pandemic: A structural model
Authors: Khoramirad Ashraf , Shojaei Sarallah , Ghaderi Heydar , Abedini Zahra
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic had a great psychological effect on health service providers and students of related fields. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and academic identity and the motivation to study nursing and midwifery during the COVID-19 pandemic.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

In a cross-sectional study 221 nursing and midwifery students at—University of Medical Sciences in 2020 using census sampling were studied. The questionnaires were GADQ-7, the student’s academic identity standard questionnaire, the coronavirus anxiety scale, and academic motivation in nursing and midwifery. Pearson’s correlation coefficient, regression coefficient, and path analysis were used in statistical software AMOS (version 21) and SPSS (version 22).

RESULTS:

The results showed that motivation and anxiety with a significant overall effect of 0.43 and -0.36 were the main determining variables of academic identity respectively (P < 0.001). COVID-19 anxiety was recognized as responsible for 24% of the changes in motivation to study nursing (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Academic identity and motivation to study nursing and midwifery have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The need for psychological attention in this situation is required for nursing and midwifery students.
Assessment of healthcare needs on disabled earthquake survivors after the Malatya earthquake
Authors: Gökalp Mücahide Gökçen , Erciyas Şeyma Kilci , Ekrem Ebru Cirban , Çetin Şirin
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:

The earthquake that occurred in Turkey on February 6, 2023 is considered the biggest disaster of the century, having a major impact on 10 provinces of Turkey. This study might provide the necessary data for healthcare services planning for disabled earthquake survivors according to their needs after the Malatya earthquake.

MATERIALS AND METHOD:

This mixed-patterned study was conducted in Malatya between February 17 and 20, 2023, with 30 disabled earthquake survivors. It was a mixed-methods study which involved both qualitative study using a semi-structured interview and quantitative analysis using both the Disability Status Analysis Questionnaire and the Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale (ESCA).

RESULTS:

The study determined four themes: “Accessibility to Assistive Devices,” “Establishment of Special Facilities for Disabled Individuals after the Earthquake,” “Suitability of Living Areas,” and “Accessibility to Campgrounds and Tent Cities.” The ESCA mean score of all disabled earthquake survivors was 87.47 ± 13.75 and those with multiple disabilities had lower ESCA scores (P < .05).

CONCLUSION:

It was found that disabled earthquake survivors had difficulties in meeting their basic needs after the earthquake. It is considered vital to include disabled individuals and their families in disaster planning and to teach them about these plans.
Rationale for declined child sex ratio across Perambalur district in Tamil Nadu—A qualitative study
Authors: George Neethu , Britto Dharmaraj R. , Muniyapillai Tamilarasan , Vignesh Nawin J. , DhivyaSri Thiruvengadam Rajarajeswari , Kulothungan Karthikeyan
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Child sex ratio signifies the proportion of girls compared with boys in 0 to 6 years of age group. It is an important indicator for any population and most significantly about the status of the girl child in the society. The study tried to approach in a qualitative manner to study the rationale behind the declining of child sex ratio.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a qualitative study using five focus group discussions and 12 in-depth interviews among various age groups, pregnant women, and other stake holders. The participants were approached with a semi-structured open-ended interview guide regarding the rationale of declined child sex ratio and measures to normalize it. After a thematic analysis, main themes and subthemes were selected after consensual agreement.

Results:

The study showed that male child preference is the main theme identified in the rationale part with subthemes of female vulnerability, socioeconomic status, literacy, cultural, and caste and religion as subthemes. The theme of female child preference also came up with as second child, care taking, affectionate, and cultural factors as subthemes. In the area of suggestions/interventions, education, counseling, government policies and media along with suggestions regarding sex determination and female feticide were identified.

Conclusion:

The decline in child sex ratio should be taken as an active social issue thus focusing more into female upliftment and enlightening into the issues of patriarchal nature, with reduction of cultural/religious beliefs.
Limbal stem cell deficiency: Demography, aetiology, and clinical presentation in Eastern India
Authors: Singh Vivek K. , Kumari Neha , Kusumesh Rakhi , Sinha Bibhuti P.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Aims:

To determine demographic details, clinical profile, and underlying causes of limbal stem cell deficiency.

Settings and Design:

Descriptive cross-sectional study.

Methods and Material:

Patients visiting tertiary referral hospitals between January 2019 and December 2022 who satisfy the criteria for labeling limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) were enrolled. Parameters such as age, gender, region, duration, aetiology, and clinical features were noted. Descriptive statistics was applied. The student t-test was used.

Results:

A total of 731 eyes of 489 patients with LSCD were included in our study, with age ranging from 5 to 85 years (35.0 ± 19.4 years). The most common presenting complaints were a decrease in vision 473 (96.7%), most of them 342 (69.7%) are having history of gradual progression (>3 months), and 245 (50.1%) have bilateral involvement of eyes. Average corneal clarity was found to be grade 1.6 ± 1.2 and average corneal superficial neovascularization was found to be 7.9 ± 4.3 quadrants. Clinically, we found LSCD of about up to 90° in 57 eyes, 90 to 180° in 71 eyes, 215 eyes with 180 to 270°, and the rest of 388 eyes were having more than 270° of LSCD involvement. Out of 489 patients, 142 (29.0%) patients were of chemical injury, 125 (25.6%) patients were of Steven Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), followed by 61 (12.5%) patients of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC).

Conclusions:

The majority of patients were young males presented with more than 270° LSCD and vision <2/60. In our study, chemical injury was most common in unilateral LSCD and SJS/TEN in bilateral LSCD.
Psychological impact of COVID-19 lockdown period on students of healthcare colleges
Authors: Alayadi Haya , Talakey Arwa , Alsadon Omar , Vellappally Sajith , Naik Sachin
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic globally caused depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress. Mental health was affected by social separation, curfews, school and business closures, economic deterioration, and government objectives. This study intends to assess the influence of the post-COVID-19 lockdown period on the psychological health of students enrolled in health colleges at King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among students of healthcare colleges at King Saud University. We used a validated questionnaire of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). The questionnaire was sent to participants via google forms link through WhatsApp, e-mail, and other social media platforms. A total of 311 participants responded to the questionnaire. Descriptive analysis and a Chi-square test were performed for qualitative data analysis.

Results:

Among study participants, males were 50.4% and females were 49.6%. About 63% of the students attended a training session on COVID-19 prevention strategies. About 37% of the participants were from the College of Medicine, 27% were from the College of Dentistry, 21% from the College of Pharmacy, 5% from the College of Applied Medical Sciences, and 10% from the College of Nursing. The average anxiety score was 9.84, and the perceived stress score (PSS) was 23.95. 44.1% of students reported mild anxiety, and 1.6% suffered severe anxiety. High stress was perceived by 24.1% of the students, and 75.2% perceived a moderate stress level. No significant association was reported between gender, stress, and anxiety. Similarly, no association was found between stress and the year of study. However, a significant association was found between the year of study and anxiety (P = 0.015).

Conclusion:

To the limitation of the study, the analysis revealed that COVID significantly influences students’ psychological health. Such findings can be used to develop psychological interventions and susceptible populations and execute appropriate mental health policies and programs targeting student communities.
Impact of electronic health services on patient satisfaction in primary health care centers in Southwestern Saudi Arabia
Authors: Asiri Ahmed A. , Al-Qahtani Faisal Saeed , Al-Saleh Majed M. , Alhayyani Roqayya M. , Alfaya Fahad A. , Alfaifi Sami H. , Al-Badour Hassan M.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Electronic health service (EHS) offers computerized medical knowledge, electronic patients’ information, and telecommunications. The field of EHS has grown exponentially in the last decade, especially during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic; therefore, it is important to evaluate its impact on patient satisfaction.

Study Aim:

To evaluate the effect of EHS on patient satisfaction at the primary care centers (PHCCs) in Abha, southwestern Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:

This study was a questionnaire-based analytical cross-sectional study that was conducted in PHCCs, Abha city, southwestern Saudi Arabia. The study used an adapted questionnaire to assess patient satisfaction of EHS. We used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26 for data entry, scoring, and analysis.

Results:

The study included 249 participants, of whom 53% were males. Married participants comprised 69.5% of respondents. The most frequent electronic application used is Sehhaty (88.8%), and most of the applicants preferred it as well (73.5%). The majority of participants agree that they are satisfied with the care they received during the visit (71.5%). Females showed greater satisfaction levels, but the holders of higher educational degrees are less satisfied with EHS.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the study results suggest that the implementation of EHS in PHCCs located in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia can lead to an increase in patient satisfaction. Thus, it is recommended that health care providers encourage the use of EHS as a means to enhance patient satisfaction and alleviate issues related to physical visits. More studies are needed to evaluate the impact of electronic health services on other levels of health care across the kingdom and to specific populations as well.
Nutritional status and its associated factors among the geriatric population in outpatient clinics of a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Usmani Maaha , Amin Faridah , Saeed Rabeeya , Durrani Noureen , Zaheer Muhammad K. , Mateen Areeba , Shakeel Fatima , Kumar Sateesh
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:

Elderly malnourishment remains a largely unexplored area, despite having a significant effect on the level of mortality and morbidity. This study aims to explore the level of malnourishment and identify those at risk of malnourishment among the elderly population presenting to a teaching hospital in Karachi.

Aims:

To assess nutritional status and its associated factors among the elderly population.

Settings and Design:

This study was conducted in outpatient clinics of family medicine at a teaching hospital and its outreach primary care centres from December 2020 to December 2021. The study design was cross-sectional.

Materials and Methods:

The prevalence of malnourishment and at risk of malnourishment with its associated factors were assessed using the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) scale as a screening tool among the elderly population (65 years and above) presenting to the family medicine OPDs of a teaching hospital.

Statistical Analysis:

Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.

Results:

A total of 191 patients were recruited into the study, and the majority of them were males (66.5%). Median age and body mass index (BMI) of participants were 70 (IQR = 74-65) years and 24 (IQR = 27-21) kg/m2, respectively. The median MNA scores were 23.5 (IQR = 20.5-26). A total of 92 (48.2%) participants were found to have a normal nutritional status, 81 (42.4%) were found to be at a risk of malnourishment, and 18 (9.4%) were malnourished. On the multivariable regression model, BMI and ability to manage finances were significantly associated with malnourishment.

Conclusion:

This study shows an alarmingly high rate of the elderly population at risk of developing malnourishment, and financial independence and increasing BMI were associated with a decreased risk of malnourishment.
Qualitative exploration for the under-foot fall in utilization of health services at Primary Health Center of Shahdol, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Kabirpanthi Vikrant , Gupta Vikas , Mishra Rohit , Ranjan Rajesh
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Despite efforts to improve healthcare infrastructure and service delivery, significant disparities in healthcare utilization persist, leading to suboptimal health outcomes and hindering progress toward achieving universal health coverage. This research article aims to conduct a qualitative exploration of the under-foot fall in utilization of health services, shedding light on the barriers and challenges faced by individuals in accessing and utilizing health care to inform targeted interventions and improve health service utilization.

Methods:

This qualitative study employed free listing, pile sorting, and focus group discussions (FGDs) as data collection methods. Representatives from various stakeholders involved in the primary healthcare delivery system were selected based on their vocalness, knowledge, willingness to participate, and heterogeneity of responses. Subsequently, FGDs and key informant interviews (KIIs) were conducted to further explore the identified barriers. The collected transcripts underwent manual thematic analysis using coding rules and theme generation procedures.

Results:

A total of 30 participants, including healthcare providers, community leaders, and individuals from the local community, took part in the qualitative exploration. The themes encompassed limited awareness and knowledge, geographical and infrastructural barriers, socioeconomic constraints, trust and perceptions of the healthcare system, and cultural and social factors. These findings provide valuable insights into the multifaceted barriers hindering healthcare utilization and can guide the development of targeted interventions and policies to improve healthcare access and delivery in the study area.

Conclusion:

The identified barriers, including limited awareness and knowledge, geographical and infrastructural challenges, socioeconomic constraints, trust and perceptions of the healthcare system, cultural and social factors, and gender disparities, are consistent with the existing literature.
Review of acute pancreatitis in children in India
Authors: Kumar Sudesh , Bhattacharya Piyali , Gagan Devesh
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

In the last two decades, the incidence of a cute pancreatitis (AP) in children has increased. Knowing different aspects of this condition like incidence, etiology, and severity is essential for the prevention and management of AP. There is a paucity of well-defined research in India on this topic. Hence, this review was done to evaluate the incidence, etiology, complications, and outcome of a cute pancreatitis. The key findings can aid the pediatrician to be aware of the epidemiology and etiology, which would help in the early diagnosis and treatment to decrease the morbidity and mortality. We have conducted an independent search in PubMed and Google Scholar and analyzed articles by Indian authors on this issue from 1990 onwards. The range of incidence of acute pancreatitis is12–20 cases per year and idiopathic is the most common cause ranging from 21 to 82.25%. Necrotizing pancreatitis (2.5–22.5%) is the most common complication which is high compared to Western countries and the mortality rate is in the range of 1.6% to 3.6%. This highlights the findings of researches in India regarding the epidemiology, etiology, complication, and mortality rate of pediatric acute pancreatitis; the incidence of which has increased considerably over the past few decades.
A nudge strategy to increase the uptake of colorectal cancer screening in Saudi Arabia: A pragmatic randomized trial in the Hail region
Authors: Elfakki Fakhralddin A. M. , Alshammari Khalil I. , Aljamani Meshari Y. , Alshammari Waleed I.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose:

The purpose of this research was to examine the effectiveness of using a nudge strategy to encourage eligible clients to participate in colorectal cancer screening (CRCS) at primary care facilities. Additionally, it emphasizes the good outcomes of utilizing nudge in primary healthcare settings by reflecting on the novel experience of family physicians and nurses in the field of CRCS. Nudge is a cost-effective intervention that serves as a choice architect to assist people in making wise decisions for their lives. It is a subtly changed environment or combination of words that push individuals to make a decision without restricting their alternatives.

Research Methods:

This is a six-month, pragmatic trial with open-label recruitment that enrolled people with an average CRC risk from four screening healthcare zones that included 34 public primary care facilities. The study protocol is registered and can be accessed here: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05785975.

Results:

An obvious increase in the proportion of the uptake of CRCS screening is higher in the two intervention sites—Al Hait General Hospital Zone (38%) and Al-Shamli General Hospital Zone (26%), than in the two control sites, Bagaa General Hospital Zone (18%) and King Khalid Hospital Zone (18%).

Conclusions:

Using the nudge strategy to increase CRCS uptake is valuable and effective; additionally, front-line family physicians and nurses in primary care are encouraged to use a planned, positive, and highly selective set of words when offering screening. Policymakers could make use of these research outcomes when designing new guidelines for CRCS.
In silico characterization and identification of compound heterozygous variants in H/ACA Ribonucleoprotein Assembly Factor (SHQ1) from Indian population
Authors: Gowda Vykuntaraju K. , Srinivasan Varunvenkat M. , Srivastava Sudhanshu , Ghali Noor , Kinhal Uddhav , Shamnur Asha , Srivastava Anshika
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins (snoRNP) form a complex with multiple proteins to accomplish the pseudouridylation of rRNA. The assembly of H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins (snoRNP) is initiated by H/ACA ribonucleoprotein Assembly factor, that is, SHQ1. Mutations in SHQ1 have been reported to cause two disorders namely, dystonia-35 childhood onset (OMIM*619921) and neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures and dystonia (OMIM*619922), both of which are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Considering the high genetic and clinical diversity of SHQ1-related clinical features and the importance of SHQ1 in the assembly of the H/ACA snoRNP complex, it is important to take a systematic approach to delineate the genetic diagnosis and impact of mutations on protein structure and stability.

Methods:

Whole exome sequencing followed by Sanger validation was performed in an individual with the clinical features of neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures and dystonia (OMIM*619922). Protein modeling studies of all the reported SHQ1 variants to date were performed using freely available web servers Interactive Tree of Life, String, BioGrid, ShinyGO, DAVID, and Pathvix. Protein structures were visualized using Pymol.

Results and Discussion:

We identified compound heterozygous variants, one known frameshift deletion c. 828_831del, p.(Asp277Serfs*27) and the other novel missense variant c. 1157A>C, p.(Tyr386Ser) found in an individual with neurodevelopmental disorder, seizures, movement disorder, and hypomyelination leukodystrophy on neuroimaging. Protein-interactome studies identified potential genetic interactors that include GAR1, NAF1, TRUB1, UTP15, DKC1, NOP10, NPHOSPH 10, KRR1, NOP58, NOP56, FBL, RRP9, NHP2, RUVBL1, and RUVBL2. Ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes, RNA polymerase, RNA transport, spliceosome, ribosome, cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, DNA replication, mismatch repair, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, and basal transcription factors process were identified as the linked pathways with the prioritized genes.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, a sophisticated genotype and phenotype correlation followed by linking the genes to the key biological pathways opens new avenues to understand disease pathology and plan for therapeutic interventions.
Psychological Morbidity and Body Dysmorphic Disorder among Patients with Acne
Authors: Mehra Aseem , Kamat Divya , Narang Tarun , Avasthi Ajit , Sahoo Swapnajeet , Grover Sandeep
Published: February 2024

Aim:

This study aimed to evaluate the psychological morbidity, depression, anxiety disorder, level of stress, and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) among patients with acne and also to examine the relationship of BDD with the psychological morbidity, stress, and severity of acne.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred and fifteen adult patients with acne were evaluated on the Perceived Stress Scale, Physical Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale, and BDD Questionnaire-Dermatology Version.

Results:

Approximately one-fourth of the patients with acne in the study group had depression (27.8%) and anxiety disorder (23.5%). Less than half (44.3%) of the patients with acne had preoccupation with their appearance/body parts and one-fourth (27.0%) fulfilled the criteria for BDD. Facial flaws were reported as the most concern. A significant number of patients avoided social and occupational functioning resulting in social isolation, interference in their work/job, interpersonal problems, etc. Those with BDD had a higher prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depressive disorder.

Conclusion:

About one-fourth of the patients with acne have BDD, which is associated with stress, anxiety, and depressive disorder. Accordingly, there is a need to regularly evaluate patients of acne for psychological issues. The dermatologist and psychiatrist should work in close liaison to provide the holistic care to patients with acne.
Scope of a Signature Strengths Intervention in Improving the Mental Health of Low-income Indian Emerging Adult Women: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Shaik Amreen , Baboo Smitha , Rajan Santhosh Kareepadath
Published: February 2024

Background and Aims:

Indian women from lower socioeconomic statuses battle severe hardships owing to various social, cultural, and economic reasons. They have limited opportunities for personal growth, development, and progress in life which adversely affects their well-being and mental health. According to the positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment (PERMA), theory of well-being, utilizing one’s inner potential or signature strengths leads to an increase in these five factors of well-being. The present study was to test the effect of signature strengths intervention on well-being and its factors of low-income Indian emerging adult women.

Methods:

The researcher conducted a 6-weeks long online signature strengths intervention in a sample of 82 economically backward Indian emerging adult women. The study implemented a randomized controlled trial using a pretest–posttest experimental design, measuring well-being and its five factors at the pretest, posttest, and 1-month follow-up. Data were collected using the PERMA Profiler, a standardized questionnaire measuring the five factors of well-being as conceptualized by the PERMA Theory.

Results:

Findings showed significant increases in well-being and four of its factors, namely, positive emotions, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment factors of well-being at the 1-month follow-up in addition to overall well-being.

Conclusion:

Results of the study yielded preliminary empirical support for the PERMA Theory of Well-being and revealed that utilizing signature strengths is an effective means to improve different elements of well-being by helping individuals function at their best and live fulfilling lives.
Cubitus Varus Deformity Posttraumatic: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: El Gourty Ayoub
Published: February 2024

The cubitus varus, frequently caused by a vicious callus, is the most common complication of the children’s supracondylar fractures, resulting from inadequate reduction or secondary displacement. We relate one case to analyze this complication. Our patient benefited from a step-cut osteotomy; the discussion was around different techniques of osteotomy to restore physiological valgus, including lateral closing-wedge, dome, three-dimensional, and step-cut osteotomies. The cubitus varus can be operated when the esthetic problem exceeds 15°, it associates a displacement in the three planes, whereas a correction in a single coronal plane can be accepted, the hyperextension must be treated for children over 10 years old. Humeral osteotomy is used to correct this deformity and to avoid later complications, such as ulnar nerve palsy, posterolateral rotatory instability, and secondary distal humeral fracture. The prevention and knowledge of the criteria for reduction supracondylar fractures should reduce the incidence of cubitus varus.
Pitfalls with Arthroscopy in Knee Arthroplasty: A Scoping Review
Authors: Tomar Lavindra , Arya Rakesh Chandra , Govil Gaurav
Published: February 2024

The arthroplasty surgeons are challenged to manage the painful total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The causation may include septic or aseptic etiological reasons. The unexplained pain poses dilemmas in diagnosing and management. The use of arthroscopy in a TKA with unexplained pain for diagnostic and therapeutic intervention has its use with its limitations. The challenges with surgical technique and pitfalls with the use of arthroscopy in a TKA have been reviewed. The recommendations for an effective use of arthroscopy have been discussed. The minimally invasive procedure is largely safe and effective to identify and manage the soft-tissue impingement, which is not evident on clinical, radiological, or biochemistry evaluation. However, the pitfalls with the treatment, once identified, may give better clinical and functional outcomes.
Extra Compartmental Chordoma of Mobile Spine (L3) in a 71-year-old Male: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Pillai Suresh S. , Arjun K. , Das C. Akhil
Published: February 2024

Chordomas of the mobile spine are rare compared to its occurrence in the sacrococcygeal and Clival regions. The treatment modalities include wide surgical resection with or without postsurgery radiation/proton beam therapy. Here, we report a rare case of extra compartmental chordoma of the mobile spine (L3 vertebra) in a 71-year-old male. The patient presented with intractable back and leg pain and difficulty in walking. He was evaluated and managed surgically with complete piecemeal resection through simultaneous posterior and retroperitoneal approaches. He was further managed with radiotherapy after the surgery. The patient is leading a pain-free, independent life postoperatively. This case is being reported for its rarity, complexity of management, and the results. Chordoma of the mobile spine can be managed surgically with total removal of the tumor. Since the whole compartment cannot be resected surgically in the spine (involvement of epidural space and psoas muscle in this case), piecemeal removal with adjuvant therapy is the treatment of choice. The quality of life of the patient is significantly improved after the treatment.
Use of Artificial Neural Network to Develop Surrogates for
Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil with Experimental Validation in Ignition Quality
Tester
Authors: Alkhayat Samy , Joshi Gaurav , Henein Naeim
Published: February 2024

This article presents surrogate mixtures that simulate the physical and chemical
properties in the auto-ignition of hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO).
Experimental investigation was conducted in the Ignition Quality Tester (IQT) to
validate the auto-ignition properties with respect to those of the target fuel.
The surrogate development approach is assisted by artificial neural network
(ANN) embedded in MATLAB optimization function. Aspen HYSYS is used to calculate
the key physical and chemical properties of hundreds of mixtures of
representative components, mainly alkanes—the dominant components of HVO, to
train the learning algorithm. Binary and ternary mixtures are developed and
validated in the IQT. The target properties include the derived cetane number
(DCN), density, viscosity, surface tension, molecular weight, and volatility
represented by the distillation curve. The developed surrogates match the target
fuel in terms of ignition delay and DCN within 6% error range. This
investigation will be of value to developing high-fidelity models to investigate
HVO combustion and spray behavior. This will be beneficial to researchers
advancing the design and development of compression ignition engines to
efficiently operate on renewable fuels such as HVO.
Recommended Practice for Measuring Fuel Consumption and Range of Fuel Cell and Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicles Fueled by Compressed Gaseous Hydrogen
Authors:   Fuel Cell Standards Committee
Published: February 2024

This SAE Recommended Practice establishes uniform procedures for testing fuel cell and hybrid fuel cell electric vehicles, excluding low speed vehicles, designed primarily for operation on the public streets, roads and highways. The procedure addresses those vehicles under test using compressed hydrogen gas supplied by an off-board source or stored and supplied as a compressed gas onboard.

This practice provides standard tests that will allow for determination of fuel consumption and range based on the US Federal Emission Test Procedures, using the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) and the Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule (HFEDS).

Chassis dynamometer test procedures are specified in this document to eliminate the test-to-test variations inherent with track testing, and to adhere to standard industry practice for fuel consumption and range testing.

Communication between vehicle manufacturer and the governing authority is essential when starting official manufacturer in-house and official government confirmatory testing that incorporates this practice.
An interceptive child-discipline progression model (ICdP) for child protection developed from parents’ conceptualization of discipline
Authors: Simango Tapiwanashe , Mafa Itai
Published: February 2024

Child protection is a crucial aspect of social work practice worldwide. Despite efforts to ensure a safe environment for children's development, child abuse in various forms continues to increase. One factor contributing to this issue is the way parents discipline their children. To better understand parents' disciplinary choices, the study was conducted using a qualitative approach with an Afrikology design. The study involved 24 participants, including 20 parents and four key informants, who were interviewed using an interview guide. The results showed that parents view discipline as a relational, punishment, modeling, mannerism, process, and skills-set. These perceptions influence the disciplinary methods used by parents, and understanding this thinking process can help inform child protection policies and interventions. To promote positive disciplinary practices, the researchers proposed an Interceptive Child-Discipline Progressive Model (ICdP), which used the ‘dare’ concept through the Delphi panel method for model development. This model encourages self-reflection during disciplinary interventions to identify and intercept negative ideas and notions perceived as a discipline before enactment to protect children from abuse under the pretext of discipline.
How to reference using ASWNet style:
Simango, T. G & Mafa, I. H (2023). An interceptive child-discipline progression model (ICdP) for child protection developed from parents’ conceptualization of discipline.  African Journal of Social Work, 13(5), 244-253. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajsw.v13i5.3
Visit journal website: https://ajsw.africasocialwork.net
A model of blended family (stepfamily) formation in Ethiopia: a constructivist grounded theory
Authors: Fikre Kumneger , Minaye Abebaw
Published: February 2024

This study aimed at developing a model that describes and explains blended family formation in Ethiopia. It is part of an ongoing dissertation entitled “Family functioning experiences of blended families in Ethiopia.” We employed constructivist grounded theory both as a method and result of inquiry. This theory states that knowledge is constructed out of the dynamic interaction between the researcher, participants, and the context. Accordingly, we were informed by the guiding principles, data organization and analytical tools the theory provides. We interviewed fourteen participants drawn from seven families. We developed a model that depicted the major contributing factors to blend, and the procedures partners use to form their families in the context of Ethiopia. The study identified the state partners were in, categorized as problem state and aspiration state, before blending as contributing factors. Problem state refers to the challenging situation partners were in due to several factors. Aspiration state refers to the situation of partners who were seeking for a marriage partner for the betterment of their life. The result also showed partners’ decision and action of blending were influenced by community and family members involvement.  We discussed the results in light of the Ubuntu philosophy, the Ukama and the Ujamaa African theories. Finally, we provided recommendations that would give insight to enhance the quality of blended family formation in Ethiopia.
How to reference using ASWNet style:
Fikre, K & Minaye, A. (2023). A model of blended family (stepfamily) formation in Ethiopia: a constructivist grounded theory African Journal of Social Work, 13(6), 303-311. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajsw.v13i6.4
Visit journal website: https://ajsw.africasocialwork.net
Building economic strengthening programmes for youth in South Africa: determinants of success and failure
Authors: Zibengwa Enock , Tanga Pius Tangwe
Published: February 2024

Africa, conceptually, geographically, politically, economically, religiously and socially is in bondage and this bondage is South Africa has one of the worst youth unemployment problems in the world. The high rate of youth unemployment results in multi-dimensional range of social challenges that negatively affect the wider community and economy. Social workers in non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are adopting economic strengthening programmes (ESP) to empower unemployed youth. However, factors that are key to determining success of ESP are not precisely understood. The study utilised qualitative case study research design. Data was collected using in-depth interviews from 30 purposively selected youth aged 15–24 years, 6 NGO practitioners and 5 Department of Social Development (DSD). The Ubuntu philosophy was used as a theory for analysing and interpreting data. Ethical clearance was obtained from the University of Fort Hare. The aim of the study was to explore the determinants of youth’s success in ESP in South African NGOs. Findings established that lack of access to start-up finance, poor links to strategic partnerships and mentorship platforms were inhibiting factors for youth to establish successful enterprises. The study recommends social workers and NGOs to merge efforts and resources with other stakeholders to foster implementation of effective ESP in marginalised communities.
How to reference using ASWNet style:
Zibengwa, E. & Tanga, P. T. (2023). Building economic strengthening programmes for youth in South Africa: determinants of success and failure. African Journal of Social Work, 13(3), 325-332. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajsw.v13i6.6
Visit journal website: https://ajsw.africasocialwork.net
Analysis of the profitability of avocado-based agroforestry value chain in the eastern province of Rwanda
Authors: Batumanyeho G. , Mukuralinda A. , Bigirimana C. , Mukamana L. , Imanirareba E. , Gatesi J. , Ndoli A. , Manirakiza V. , Niyitanga F.
Published: February 2024

This study analyzes the profitability of avocado-based agroforestry value chain in the eastern province of Rwanda. This was aimed at investigating the degree to which it is lucrative for the value chain actors. Primary data were collected from 214 producers, 20 traders and 9 consumers. Descriptive statistics and net profit margin (NPM) were used to determine to what extent the avocado-based agroforestry is profitable along its value chain. The study’s results show that most of the existing avocado-based agroforestry fruit trees accounting for 86.50% were traditional non-improved varieties that had originated from fellow farmers. The use of fertilizer inputs remains less among the producers where the majority of them (84.30%) don’t apply it. The avocado-based agroforestry value chain is lucrative for all involved actors (producers, rural collectors, wholesalers, and retailers). Though avocado is a perennial crop with consecutive investments and returns across years, the study only dealt with the profitability analysis within one year of 2022 for matching the producers’ market supply with other value chain actors within the same channels in the same period. Designing and implementing the policies concerning the efficient use of agro-inputs in avocado-based agroforestry production and well-organized market integration will scale up the profitability for producers and traders and improve consumers’ needs along the value chain. This study provided useful information for subsequent studies with regard to fruit-based agroforestry value chains.
COVID–19 Impacts: Government Interventions and Residential Housing Prices in Lagos Metropolis
Authors: Ilechukwu Victor
Published: February 2024

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic had profound impact on global economies. Various studies have focused on the impact of COVID-19 interventions on the financial market such as stocks markets, but few studies examined government interventions influence on housing market, particularly the housing price. This paper explores the influence of the government interventions during COVID-19 on housing prices in the residential areas of Lagos Metropolis in Nigeria. The aim is to understand whether price variations can be attributed to the epidemic shocks, by employing a review of literature on government interventions for COVID 19 pandemic and housing prices (2009 & 2015) before the pandemic and 2020 Lagos Property Market Consensus Report during the pandemic. Descriptive statistics were deployed in the application of difference-in-difference method for data analysis. The findings revealed that a lesser percentage of housing price increase was associated with the decrease in the number of COVID-19 cases and less partiallockdown measures. While a higher percentage housing price increase was associated with an increase in the number of COVID-19 cases along with more stringent full lockdown measures. The study concluded that housing price change was influenced by government interventions during COVID-19 pandemic in the Lagos Metropolis. The study recommends that to reduce the spread of COVID-19 infections in order to ensure a lesser percentage increase in housing price, spacious and more affordable housing units should be encouraged. Therefore, the effectiveness of lockdown and restriction measures should be further assessed, given their impacts on individual liberties and housing affordability.
Modulatory role of N-acetyl-cysteine on gastric mucosal lesions and some biochemical changes in Wistar rats subjected to cold restraint stress
Authors: Lai Ibrahim , Sadau Yakubu , Muhammad Mustapha S.
Published: February 2024

Background: Gastric ulcer affects many people worldwide and it is caused by many factors such as stress, medications, particularly non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, infections caused by Helicobacter pylori and Cytomegalovirus. Exposure to Cold restraint stress (CRS)  has been established to cause oxidative stress leading to cellular death. Nacetyl-cysteine (NAC) is an antioxidant that protects the lipid  bio-membrane against oxidative stress. This study investigated the effect NAC on gastric mucosal lesion and some biochemical changes  in Wistar rats subjected to CRS.

Methodology: Sixteen (16) adult male rats were divided into four (4) groups; Group I (Control): Distilled  water/Kg Group II: Distilled water + CRS 3½ hrs (Ulcer group), Group III: NAC 500 mg/kg orally + CRS 3½ hrs Group IV: Ranitidine 50 mg/ kg + CRS 3½ hrs. All treatment lasted for 7 days while exposure to CRS was for 3½ hours on 7th day. Three hours after exposure of rats to  CRS, rats of all groups were euthanized under diazepam and ketamine anesthesia. The stomach and blood samples were collected for  physical and biochemical analysis. Data were analysed using ANOVA and p < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results: The P index of NAC  in CRS induced ulcer was found to be 66.7 %. A significant increase (P = 0.001) in body weight was observed in CRS + Ranitidine group,  when compared to the control. A significant (P = 0.001) increase was observed in the INOS concentration in NAC + CRS, Ranitidine + CRS,  when compared to the control.

Conclusion: We surmise that acute administration of NAC significantly increased body weight of rats  subjected to CRS. The high preventive index of N-acetyl cysteine on CRS induced ulcer was as the result of the antioxidant properties of  NAC which might have contributed to its’ gastro protection against gastric mucosal lesions.
Abstracts of the 1st East African Society of Physiological Sciences (EASPS) and Special African Association of Physiological Sciences (AAPS) Conference that was held from 29th November to 1st December, 2023 in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Erlwanger Kennedy H.
Published: February 2024

No Abstract