bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Central Nervous System Malformations
Authors: D'Addario Vincenzo , Pasquale Capuano
Published: July 2019

Ultrasound (US) is a useful tool to evaluate the normal morphology, the developmental changes, and the malformations of the fetal central nervous system (CNS). The development of the fetal CNS is a complex and continuous process progressing till the end of pregnancy and even after delivery. Although, a limited number of CNS anomalies may be suspected in the 1st trimester, the 2nd trimester is the best period of pregnancy to screen for CNS anomalies, but some malformations may be recognized only in the 3rd trimester or become evident only in the postnatal period. Screening for CNS anomalies relies on the use of the basic examination, which requires two simple axial planes on the fetal head (transventricular and transcerebellar). For a more detailed evaluation of brain malformations, an expanded fetal neurosonogram is needed, based on the use of multiple sagittal and coronal planes. The correct diagnosis of a CNS anomaly must be followed by an accurate counseling since the prognosis is varying widely.

How to cite this article

Vincenzo D, Pasquale C. Central Nervous System Malformations. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(3):235-255.
Intrauterine Surgery for Spinal Defects: What is the Role of Ultrasound?
Authors: AM de Sá Renato , Peixoto-Filho Fernando , Cima Luciana
Published: July 2019

Ultrasound imaging has led to the diagnosis of fetal anomalies that can affect many organ systems. Since the development of high-resolution real-time ultrasound, the possibility of surgical intervention before birth to correct or treat prenatally diagnosed abnormalities has been realized. Fetal surgery has become a new standard of care for the perinatal treatment of myelomeningocele for mothers and fetuses that meet the specific criteria. In this review, we will consider the role of ultrasound for open fetal surgery or minimally invasive fetal surgery approaches.

How to cite this article

Moreira de Sá RA, Peixoto-Filho F, Cima L. Intrauterine Surgery for Spinal Defects: What is the Role of Ultrasound? Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(3):297-300.
Fetal Anomalies in Twin Pregnancies
Authors: Wataganara Tuangsit
Published: July 2019

Twinning increases the chances of structural anomaly in the fetus. Discordance in physical development of the fetuses raises both ethical and management dilemma. Chorionicity plays an important role when selective feticide is an option. Anomalies found in singleton pregnancy can also be found in twins. Certain anomalies, such as acardiac fetus, are unique to monochorionic (MC) twin gestations. These anomalies may require in utero intervention to salvage its normal co-twin. Structural abnormalities, such as obstruction in fetal gastrointestinal tract resulting in polyhydramnios, can threaten the loss of the whole pregnancy. In MC twins, demise of the anomalous fetus can result in either demise or cerebral palsy of its co-twin. Fetal cord occlusion of the anomalous fetus can be offered to prevent these deleterious effects to its normal co-twin. Discordance of karyotypes in dichorionic (DC) twins is increasingly diagnosed in prenatal period. Selective feticide in this situation is simpler, but more ethical concerns are being raised. The technical and ethical considerations related to various kinds of discordance fetal malformations in the twin pair will be discussed in this review article.

How to cite this article

Wataganara T, Nawapun K, Phithakwatchara N. Fetal Anomalies in Twin Pregnancies. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(3):308-312.
Fetal Facial Abnormalities: From 2D Sonography to HDlive and HDlive Silhouette Mode
Authors: Sajapala Suraphan
Published: July 2019

Fetal face examination is essential to complete a full anatomical scan. Two-dimensional (2D) sonography is the basic standardized tool used. The anatomical nature of the fetal face should be accurately judged along with the exclusion of all possible anomalies, but this is sometimes difficult to achieve with 2D sonography alone. Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound provides detailed data on the fetal face. Many studies showed its superiority for detecting anomalies that were missed by 2D sonography. HDlive provides life-like images of the fetal face, and the HDlive silhouette mode provides hologram-like images of structures of interest. In this article, the development of ultrasound from 2D to conventional 3D and new rendering modes, such as HDlive and the HDlive silhouette mode will be presented, highlighting studies comparing the benefits and advantages of each of these new techniques over conventional 2D sonography for detecting fetal facial anomalies.

How to cite this article

Sajapala S, AboEllail MAM, Kanenishi K, Hata T. Fetal Facial Abnormalities: From 2D Sonography to HDlive and HDlive Silhouette Mode. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(3):313-320.
Effect of Different Base Materials and Techniques on Microleakage in Class II Composite Open Sandwich Restorations: An in vitro Study
Authors: Bhanwal Urvashi , Jagdish Karthik , Pai Veena , LNU Yashwanth
Published: July 2019

Aims

This study was performed to compare microleakage in class II composite restorations with flowable composites and dual cure composite resin as intermediate material and also to evaluate the effect of delayed light polymerization of dual cure composite base on microleakage.

Materials and methods

Class II box cavities were made with air water spray and divided into four groups. Group 1 was restored without base, group II with flowable composite base, group III with a dual cure composite base which was immediately cured and group IV with 60 seconds delayed cure, dual cure composite base. Remaining cavity was restored with composite resin Specimens were immersed in methylene blue dye after thermocycling and sectioned through mesiodistal center of tooth and observed for leakage pattern. Microleakage was evaluated using dye penetration with methylene blue. Microleakage pattern was observed under a stereomicroscope.

Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test were used for statistical analysis.

Results

Results of the study showed that application of a composite resin base below a class II composite restoration significantly decreased microleakage as compared to restorations without a base. The least and comparable microleakage scores were seen in groups with flowable composite and dual cure composite (delayed cure) as a base, followed by dual cure composite which was immediately cured.

How to cite this article

Bhanwal U, Nadig RR, Jagdish K, Pai V, Yashwanth. Effect of Different Base Materials and Techniques on Microleakage in Class II Composite Open Sandwich Restorations: An in vitro Study. World J Dent 2014;5(2):87-91.
Prevalence of Dental Caries among Prisoners of Central Jail, Jodhpur City, Rajasthan, India
Authors: Thomas Susan , Solanki Jitender , Arora Geetika , Hans Rinki , Dagli Rushabh J
Published: July 2019

Introduction

This study had twin objective first to determine the prevalence of dental caries and second to assess the correlation of duration of imprisonment, adverse habits and duration of adverse habits with dental caries status of prisoners in Central Jail, Jodhpur city, Rajasthan.

Materials and methods

This cross-sectional study was carried out on 131 male prisoners of Central Jail, Jodhpur city. A pre-designed questionnaire on general information, Tobacco consumption (frequency and duration of intake of Tobacco) and duration of imprisonment was used for the collection of data. The dental caries status was recorded using DMFT index (Henry T Klein, Knutson JW and Carole D Palmer; 1938).

Results

The total DMFT score was 180 and the average DMFT was 1.37 for the total prison population. A significant association was found between adverse habits and different age groups (χ2 = 16.77, p = 0.033) and between duration of adverse habits and different age groups of prisoners (χ2 = 16.58, p -value = 0.034). Significant correlation was found between adverse habit and duration of adverse habit (p < 0.05) in subjects having dental caries.

Conclusion

Though the prevalence of dental caries was so high, treatment for the same was not available due to lack of a dental unit in the jail. This highlights the urgent need of dental services in Central jail of Jodhpur city.

How to cite this article

Hans R, Thomas S, Dagli RJ, Solanki J, Arora G. Prevalence of Dental Caries among Prisoners of Central Jail, Jodhpur City, Rajasthan, India. World J Dent 2014;5(2):92-97.
Interactions between Restorative Dentistry and Periodontics: Preparation and Cementation of an Onlay in Empress (Part III)
Authors: Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , Pinto Shelon Cristina Souza , Borges Alvaro Henrique , Saad José Roberto Cury , Calixto Luiz Rafael , Bandeca Matheus Coelho , Porto Thiago Soares , Pereira Kamila de Figueiredo
Published: July 2019

The relentless pursuit by cosmetic dentistry brought the evolution of materials ceramics. The IPS-Empress system was upgrading of indirect restorations based on lithium disilicate. The ceramic restoration posterior allow a new esthetic approach due to its translucency and resistance without any weakening of the remaining dental element, being an option more conservative when compared to conventional prosthetic restorations.

How to cite this article

Bandéca MC, Pinto SCS, Tonetto MR, de Figueiredo Pereira K, Porto TS, Calixto LR, Borges AH, Saad JRC. Interactions between Restorative Dentistry and Periodontics: Preparation and Cementation of an Onlay in Empress (Part III). World J Dent 2014;5(2):138-142.
Oral Tuberculosis with Advanced Diagnostic Trends
Authors: Pavithra V , Kumar K Vineeth
Published: July 2019

Tuberculosis (TB) is a universally known chronic infectious disease that can affect any part of the body including oral cavity. Though usually affects the lungs, tubercle bacilli can spread hematogenously to involve other parts of the body. Oral lesions, although rare, are very important for early diagnosis and interception of primary TB. Here, we report a case of oral TB that manifested as painless extraoral swelling on the right side of the mandible which was initially small, later increased in size within 3 months. The patient was asymptomatic for pulmonary TB. Excisional biopsy was done. The histopathological section showed granulomatous lesion, and Ziehl—Neelsen (ZN) stain showed acid-fast magenta color rods suggesting tuberculous infection. This prompted us to validate with other advanced diagnostic technique, such as polymerized chain reaction (PCR) for tubercle bacilli. Thus, we emphasize on few advanced diagnostic techniques in the detection of the TB.

How to cite this article

Pavithra V, Nambiar S, Augustine D, Sowmya SV, Kumar KV, Prasad K, Rao RS. Oral Tuberculosis with Advanced Diagnostic Trends. World J Dent 2016;7(4):203-207.
Cancer Virus: The Story of Human Papillomavirus
Authors: Awan Kamran Habib
Published: July 2019

How to cite this article

Awan KH. Cancer Virus: The Story of Human Papillomavirus. World J Dent 2017;8(2):71-72.
Prevalence and Severity of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders among Populations in Najran Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aldhalai Metaib A , Alyami Yahia AS , Haider Yousef MB Al , Aldhili Mohammed K , Alyami Dhafer AS , Alyami Saleh AS , Alghazali Nabiel
Published: July 2019

Aim

This study assessed the prevalence and severity of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) in the absence or presence of teeth of participants in Najran region in comparison with other adult participants in other regions with respect to gender differences and age. Furthermore, it investigates the frequency of symptoms of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) by clinical examination.

Materials and methods

The total number of participants was 318 of both genders randomly selected for this study. The participants were divided into three age groups: 14 to 20, 21 to 40, and ≥41 years. The study was based on Fonseca's Anamnestic Index and its questionnaire, which is composed of 10 questions and classifies the severity of TMD. Clinical examination was performed for the patients to investigate the sign of TMJ dysfunctions. The obtained data were coded and entered into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program for analysis using Chi-square test at significance level of 5%.

Results

The participants with mild TMD dysfunction were 35.5%, whereas 18.6 and 3.5% were classified as moderate and severe TMD dysfunction respectively. The most reported TMD problems were related to poor articulation of teeth (23.9 and 25.5%), followed by frequent headache (15.1 and 33.6%), then grinding of teeth (15.4 and 34.9%) in “Yes” and “sometimes” answers respectively. The highest TMJ disorder was a frequent headache at 55.3%, followed by TMJ clicking at 21.1%. The remaining TMJ dysfunctions ranged between 11 and 13%. There was no significant difference between TMDs and gender (p ≤0.306). However, the severity of TMDs increased with increasing age (p ≤0.001) and was associated with tooth loss (p ≤ 0.000).

Conclusion

The majority of the participants had mild-tomoderate TMDs and they were found among the middle-age group. The severity of TMDs increased with age and was associated with tooth loss. No significant difference between males and females was found. The most reported TMD problems were related to the poor articulation of teeth, frequent headache, and grinding of teeth, while a headache followed by clicking of TMJ was the highest clinical TMJ disorder.

How to cite this article

Aldhalai MA, Alyami YAS, Al Haider YMB, Aldhili MK, Alyami DAS, Alyami SAS, Al-Moaleem MM, Alghazali N. Prevalence and Severity of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders among Populations in Najran Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. World World J Dent 2017;8(2):90-95.
An Overview of the Current Survival Status and Clinical Recommendation for Porcelain Fused to Metal vs All-ceramic Zirconia Posterior Fixed Partial Dentures
Authors: Vijan Karishma V
Published: July 2019

Porcelain fused to metal (PFM) restorations has shown promising results in terms of longevity over decades. However, due to the paradigm shift with the preferences of both the patients and clinicians toward all ceramic restorations, these prostheses are being increasingly used in posterior region. Zirconia is one of the popular materials in dentistry today; it has good mechanical strength and has shown remarkable results in shortterm studies from 3 to 5 years. However, zirconia aging and chipping are most common causes of zirconia failure, besides loss of retention has also been reported in some studies. Nonetheless, there are no substantial studies that decipher the longevity of these restorations over a longer period of time. Moreover, it has been reported that zirconia cannot be used in areas of higher stresses. This review article compares the promising ceramic material zirconia and PFM restorations in terms of longevity and esthetics based on the present studies. An electronic search was conducted across Ovid Medline, complemented by manual search across individual databases, such as Cochrane and Google Scholar for literature analysis on PFM restorations, zirconia crowns, and fixed partial dentures (FPDs). The studies were reviewed and results were compared for the same. This paper summarizes the current scientific and clinical opinion through a brief review regarding the preferred material for posterior crowns and FPDs. It denotes that case selection and certain other factors can play a role in success of the zirconia prosthesis.

How to cite this article

Vijan KV. An Overview of the Current Survival Status and Clinical Recommendation for Porcelain Fused to Metal vs All-ceramic Zirconia Posterior Fixed Partial Dentures. World J Dent 2017;8(2):145-150.
Neurovascular Hamartoma of Face: An Unusual Clinical Presentation
Authors: Fande Prajakta Z , Patil Swati K , Ghatage Dipak D , Hande Alka H , Gawande Madhuri N , Chaudhary Minal S
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Neurovascular hamartomas (NVH) are relatively uncommon and have been very rarely reported in head and neck region. The rarity could be attributed to it being unrecognized and/or unreported. They constitute unique group of lesions with specific histopathological features.

Case Report

Authors report a case of 23-year-old male patient with NVH of face with an unusual clinical presentation.

Conclusion

Neurovascular hamartoma is a histopathological diagnosis made for small to medium-sized vessels and closely packed groups of well-formed nerve bundles within a loose connective tissue matrix and the inflammatory component is minimal or absent.

Clinical significance

Neurovascular hamartomas have specific features, and, therefore, they should not be considered as any reactive lesion or any hamartomatous lesions. Neurovascular hamartomas in fact represents a separate and unique entity.

How to cite this article

Fande PZ, Patil SK, Gadbail AR, Ghatage DD, Hande AH, Gawande MN, Chaudhary MS. Neurovascular Hamartoma of Face: An Unusual Clinical Presentation. World J Dent 2017;8(2):151-154.
Simplifying Direct Pattern Technique using Fiber Post
Authors: Dimashkieh Reda Mohiddin , Dimashkieh Mohiddin R , Dimashkieh Amir M
Published: July 2019

Direct intraoral fabrication of cast post and core restorations for endodontically treated teeth can be challenging and time consuming. In addition, accurate intraoral fabrication of resin patterns with intracervicular margins is not always possible as a result of restricted access and difficult isolation.

This article presents a direct-indirect method that uses different diameters of prefabricated posts as fiber post and polyvinyl siloxane material as a mold for fabrication of multiple post patterns.

How to cite this article

Dimashkieh RM, Dimashkieh MR, Dimashkieh AM. Simplifying Direct Pattern Technique using Fiber Post. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2016;6(2):25-27.
A Study to evaluate Some of the Esthetic Factors determining Attractive Smile
Authors: Nadiger Ramesh K , Agarwal Ravi , Pillai Lekha K , Meshramkar Roseline D
Published: July 2019

Aim

The objective of the study is to evaluate some of the esthetic factors which will determine an attractive smile.

Materials and methods

This study was conducted with 214 students, between the age of 18 and 25 years, from Dharwad SDM College of Dental Sciences with natural dentition and who fulfilled the required criteria; the frontal photograph was taken of each individuals with smile displaying upper anterior teeth as well as gingiva. Each student's smile was compared, analyzed, and evaluated. Differences between smile types were determined statistically with Z-proportionality test.

Results

Five elements of smile were analyzed. The difference in smile type between men and women was statistically significant. Average smile was the most common with 48.13%, followed by high smile of 37.38%, and low smile was the least common with 14.49%. The downward curvature was the most common with 48.60% followed by straight curvature 42.88% and the lowest common was upward curvature with 8.88%. Straight curvature was the most common followed by parallel curvature and reverse curvature. Totally, 64.95% students showed lower lip touch of the maxillary teeth, and 22.43% showed lower lip not touching the teeth. And, 12.62% showed lower lip slightly covering teeth; 64.95% displayed till 2nd premolar; 32.24% displayed till the first molar; and 2.8% displayed till canine.

Conclusion

The average smile was the most common with downward curvature, straight maxillary incisal curve with the lower lip, maxillary anterior teeth not touching the lower lip, and a number of teeth displayed till the second premolar. Smile analysis must be assessed in association with the face in order to define esthetic rehabilitation of smile. It will give guidelines for restoration of esthetics in anterior.

How to cite this article

Meshramkar RD, Agarwal R, Pillai LK, Nadiger RK. A Study to evaluate Some of the Esthetic Factors determining Attractive Smile. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2016;6(2):31-36.
Esthetic Outcome of Emergence Profile in a Single Tooth Implant Restoration
Authors: Shambharkar Vaibhao Ishwar , Kadoo Priyanka , Raut Amber , Sonare Shweta R
Published: July 2019

In the past two decades, replacement of missing teeth with implant-supported prostheses has become a widely accepted treatment for oral rehabilitation of partially or fully edentulous patients. With the growing use of implant-supported oral rehabilitation in the partially edentulous patient and single tooth restoration, the emphasis has now changed toward achieving predictable esthetic success, particularly in the maxillary anterior region and patients who may show the peri-implant soft tissue when smiling and speaking. Establishing a soft tissue contour with intact interproximal papillae around implant-retained restoration is challenging, and failure to achieve these harmonious relationships of soft tissue around the implant may lead to unesthetic appearance. In the following case report, the patient presented with an unfavorable tissue contour around an implant restoration. Reshaping of soft tissue was planned. A combination of two surgical techniques was used, which includes a papilla reconstruction and interpositional graft for achieving desired esthetic for a single-stage implant. Following this, sequential molding of marginal gingival tissue was carried out using provisional restoration to obtain an emergence profile.

How to cite this article

Shambharkar VI, Kadoo P, Raut A, Sonare SR. Esthetic Outcome of Emergence Profile in a Single Tooth Implant Restoration. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2016;6(2):43-46.
An Appraisal on Occlusal Philosophies in Full-mouth Rehabilitation: A Literature Review
Authors: Srivastava Rajeev , Parmar Ankita , Choukse Vivek , Palekar Umesh
Published: July 2019

Restoration of occlusion in patients with mutilated dentition is a challenging situation as every case is unique in itself. There is a great apprehension involved in reconstructing worn-out dentition due to widely divergent opinions regarding the choice of an appropriate occlusal scheme. A critical assessment and subsequent scientific validation of available literature on occlusal philosophies in full-mouth rehabilitation require an understanding of their evolution in the formative years and the subsequent development of effective models for clinical practice. This study overviews the various occlusal concepts/philosophies in full- mouth rehabilitation, which will help the clinician to select an appropriate occlusal scheme for an individual case.

How to cite this article

Parmar A, Choukse V, Palekar U, Srivastava R. An Appraisal on Occlusal Philosophies in Full- mouth Rehabilitation: A Literature Review. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2016;6(4):89-92.
Andrew's Bridge: Achieving Esthetics with a Prosthetic Alternative-Managing Severe Anterior Ridge Defects in Operated Case of Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Hajira Neha , Khandelwal Pulkit , Shashidhar HS , Sachdeva Harleen , Khare Sumit
Published: July 2019

Reconstruction of large anterior ridge defects is often a prosthodontic challenge. Such defects require closure of the defect along with the replacement of the missing teeth so as to achieve proper speech and esthetics. Classifying these defects in the preoperative examination helps to diagnose and predict the prognosis and technical difficulties to be encountered. The aim and purpose of this case report is to describe the management of one such case with missing anterior teeth and severe anterior ridge defects. We also describe the process of fabrication of Andrew's bridge (a fixed-removable partial denture) to treat this Siebert's class III anterior ridge defect.

How to cite this article

Hajira N, Khandelwal P, Shashidhar HS, Sachdeva H, Khare S. Andrew's Bridge: Achieving Esthetics with a Prosthetic Alternative-Managing Severe Anterior Ridge Defects in Operated Case of Cleft Lip and Palate. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2016;6(4):93-97.
Subglottic Carcinoma: Treatments and Outcomes
Authors: Moran Nirupoma
Published: July 2019

Background and objective

Subglottic malignancies are rare. Most of these are predominantly squmous cell carcinoma and common in male. It is usually advanced when initially presented. This study was to analyze the clinical presentation, treatments, and outcomes of subglottic carcinoma.

Materials and methods

The study was conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam, India, between March 2014 and September 2015.

Results

Of the three patients, two had lymph node metastasis and intralaryngeal involvements. The patients have been followed up till date. All the patients were tracheostomized and received radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Conclusion

Subglottic carcinoma is relatively rare in comparison with supraglottic and glottic carcinoma. It is presented at advance stage and tend to spread larynx and other organs too.

How to cite this article

Moran N. Subglottic Carcinoma: Treatments and Outcomes. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2016;6(1):14-16.
Diverged Otorhinolaryngological Manifestations of Reflux Disease in Indian Condition: A Base Line Data Generation
Authors: Jain Rajiv Kumar , Roy Suddhasheel
Published: July 2019

Aims

To generate base line data of different otorhinolaryngological manifestations of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) disease in Uttar Pradesh, India.

Materials and methods

Fifty cases were selected from OPD setup and diagnosed to be having LPR disease based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were then explained the necessary details and purpose of the study and were subjected to further standard protocol. The patients with ear complaints were advised pure tone and impedance audiometry. The findings were charted and data extrapolated.

Results

Among various complaints, the most common complaint was lump in the throat; others were frequent throat clearing, cough, choking, hoarseness, and excessive throat mucus. The nasal complaints were nasal discharge and blockage, and ear complaints were otalgia and hard of hearing

Laryngoscopy showed hyperemia of larynx and vocal fold edema, ventricular obliteration, laryngeal edema, posterior commissure hypertrophy, thick endolaryngeal mucus, pseudosulcus vocalis and vocal cord granulations. Nasal findings were rhinitis, congestion, and turbinate hypertrophy. Ear complaints had tube dysfunction. On upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy most of the patients had normal study; some showed esophagitis or hiatus hernia. Mean body mass index of the study population was in normal range.

Conclusion

Globus, a common presenting complaint in ENT outdoors is usually related to reflux. Reflux was found associated with Eustachian tube dysfunction and rhinitis. Results demonstrated that obesity and esophagitis are not associated with LPR.

Clinical significance

This study investigated a range of parameters responsible for LPR disease. The understanding of the entity of LPR and its manifestations is far from being completely understood. Present-day thrust is in the direction of increasing importance of LPR being recognized in ENT practice. The results and their analyses created an important base line document for the population of the state of Uttar Pradesh (population about 200 million) and adjoining states who commonly call on the Sir Sunderlal Hospital, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

How to cite this article

Roy S, Jain RK. Diverged Otorhinolaryngological Manifestations of Reflux Disease in Indian Condition: A Base Line Data Generation. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2016;6(1):20-26.
Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of Soft Tissue Neck
Authors: Minhas Ravinder Singh
Published: July 2019

Plasmacytoma is an extremely rare and discrete solitary mass of neoplastic monoclonal plasma cells. Extramedullary plasmacytoma tends to occur during the fifth and seventh decades of life and is rarely diagnosed in younger patients. In this study, a 55-year-old patient presented to us with complaint of changes in voice, and difficulty in swallowing and breathing. On examination, there was a retropharyngeal mass which is extending to lateral pharyngeal wall and toward nasopharynx. Contrast computed tomography scan shows soft tissue density involving retropharyngeal space and involving nasopharynx and left parapharyngeal space. For this, the patient underwent excision of this mass under General Anaesthesia (GA) biopsy report was suggestive of plasmacytoma. After excluding systemic involvement by means of laboratorial and radiological investigations, the patient was referred to radiotherapy department for complete management.

How to cite this article

Gupta R, Sharma D, Minhas RS. Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of Soft Tissue Neck. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2016;6(1):42-46.
Study of the Anesthetic Efficacy of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block using Articaine in Irreversible Pulpitis
Authors: Ahmad Zeeshan H , Ravikumar H , Karale Rupali , Preethanath RS , Sukumaran Anil
Published: July 2019

Aim

The purpose of this study was to determine the anesthetic efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) using 4% articaine and 2% lidocaine supplemented with buccal infiltration.

Materials and methods

Forty five patients, diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis of a mandibular posterior tooth were included in the study. The first group of 15 patients received 2% lidocaine with 1:200000 epinephrine, the second group 2% lidocaine with 1: 80,000 epinephrine and the third group of 15 subjects received 4% articaine with 1:100000 epinephrine. During the access cavity preparation those patients who complained of pain received an additional buccal infiltration. The percentage of subjects who got profound anesthesia and failure to achieve anesthesia were calculated and tabulated using a visual analog scale.

Results

The results revealed that 87% of subjects who received 4% Articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine got satisfactory anesthesia with inferior alveolar nerve block alone. Only 2 (13%) subjects received an additional buccal infiltration and none of the patients failed to obtain complete anesthesia with articaine. In comparison only 40% of subjects got complete anesthesia with 2% lidocaine with 1:200000 and 60% with 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000.

Conclusion

It can be concluded that 4% articaine can be used effectively for obtaining profound anesthesia for endodontic procedures in patients with irreversible pulpitis.

How to cite this article

Ahmad ZH, Ravikumar H, Karale R, Preethanath RS, Sukumaran A. Study of the Anesthetic Efficacy of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block using Articaine in Irreversible Pulpitis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(1):71-74.
Comparative Evaluation of Smear Layer and Debris on the Canal Walls prepared with a Combination of Hand and Rotary ProTaper Technique using Scanning Electron Microscope
Authors: Prakash Sandeep , Kiran S , Siddharth Pujari R , Saha Supradip , Geojan Naiza E , Ramachandran Mookambika
Published: July 2019

Introduction

The effect of smear layer and debris on the success rate of endodontic treatment has not yet been definitely determined. So the present study was aimed to evaluate the amount of smear layer and debris on the canal walls prepared with a combination of hand and rotary ProTaper technique using NaOCl and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) alternately as root canal irrigants using scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Materials and methods

Eighty intact freshly extracted human permanent mandibular premolar teeth were collected and randomly divided equally into four groups. In group I canals were prepared with hand K-Flexofiles; group II with rotary ProTaper instruments; group III with rotary ProTaper instruments and final instrumentation was done with hand K-Flexofile; group IV with rotary ProTaper instruments and final instrumentation was done with RC-Prep and irrigated with 1 mL of normal saline. In all groups canals were irrigated using NaOCl and EDTA alternately. After instrumentation, the teeth were prepared for SEM examination using five-score indices for debris and smear layer at coronal, middle, and apical third levels. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square test (p<0.05) and Kruskal-Wallis test (p<0.05).

Results

Statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in cleaning the apical third. Groups I and III showed better canal cleanliness compared to group II. The use of EDTA and NaOCl in group III was more effective in removing debris and smear layer compared to EDTA and normal saline in group IV. Regardless of the instrumentation technique employed and the irrigant used, the cleaning ability decreased in the apical third, resulting in higher debris and smear layer scores compared to coronal and middle third levels.

Conclusion

None of the instrumentation techniques in the present study could completely eliminate the smear layer and debris from the canal walls. Instrumentation of the canals with hand files after automated rotary preparation could result in cleaner canal walls.

Clinical significance

Alternate irrigation with NaOCl and EDTA is effective in the removal of debris and smear layer in the coronal and middle level, but the effectiveness in the apical third is less.

How to cite this article

Kiran S, Prakash S, Siddharth PR, Saha S, Geojan NE, Ramachandran M. Comparative Evaluation of Smear Layer and Debris on the Canal Walls prepared with a Combination of Hand and Rotary ProTaper Technique using Scanning Electron Microscope. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(7):574-581.
Evaluation of Outcome of Orthodontic Treatment in Context to Posttreatment Stability: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Kanuru Ravi Krishna , Mangat Sukhpreet S , Sepolia Gaurav , Subudhi Santosh K , Asnani Mohil M , Bansal Anupam
Published: July 2019

Introduction

One of the main aims of orthodontic treatment is the improvement of esthetics along with enhancement of functions of the orofacial regions. Complications are observed even after final completion of the orthodontic treatment due to relapse and loss of stability. Hence, we retrospectively analyzed angle class I malocclusion cases to study the correlation of outcome of orthodontic treatment and posttreatment stability.

Materials and methods

A total of 100 patients were included in this retrospective analysis, which accounted for the patients reporting to the department of orthodontics from 2013 to 2015 with angle class I malocclusion. Pretreatment, posttreatment, and postretention casts of the patients were made and analyzed. The Richmond et al criteria was used to evaluate peer assessment rating (PAR) index and Little irregularity index, followed by scoring with American weight. Measurement of Pearson's coefficient was done to calculate the p-value. p-value of less than 0.05 was considered as significant.

Results

No significant amount of alteration was seen in the systematic errors of Little index and PAR index, while casual errors were also within the normal range. While comparing the PAR index at pretreatment and posttreatment phases, statistically significant results were obtained, whereas in case of Little index at same time intervals, scores showed nonsignificant results.

Conclusion

Even after delivering ideal orthodontic treatment, stability of the treatment is still not ensured until unless posttreatment follow-up is properly maintained.

How to cite this article

Kanuru RK, Mangat SS, Sepolia G, Subudhi SK, Asnani MM, Bansal A. Evaluation of Outcome of Orthodontic Treatment in Context to Posttreatment Stability: A Retrospective Analysis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(7):587-591.
Effect of Topical Anesthesia with Lidocaine-prilocaine (EMLA) Cream and Local Pressure on Pain during Infiltration Injection for Maxillary Canines: A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Milani Amin S , Zand Vahid , Abdollahi Amir A , Froughreyhani Mohammad , Zakeri-Milani Parvin , Jafarabadi Mohammad A
Published: July 2019

Objectives

This study compared the effect of local pressure and topical lidocaine-prilocaine (EMLA) cream on pain during infiltration injection for maxillary canine teeth.

Materials and methods

A total of 140 volunteer students participated in this split-mouth design randomized clinical trial. The subjects were randomly divided into four groups (n = 35). Before administration of anesthesia, in each group, one side was randomly selected as the experimental and the opposite side as the control. In group 1, finger pressure was applied on the alveolar mucosa on the experimental side and on the tooth crown on the control side. In group 2, 5% EMLA cream and placebo; in group 3, finger pressure and 5% EMLA cream; and in group 4, 5% EMLA cream and 20% benzocaine gel were applied. In all the groups, a buccal infiltration procedure was carried out. Pain during injection was recorded with visual analog scale (VAS). Wilcoxon and McNemar tests were used for statistical analysis of the results. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

The results showed that EMLA reduced the injection pain significantly more than benzocaine (p = 0.02). Also, injection pain was significantly lower with the use of EMLA in comparison to placebo (p = 0.00). Application of local pressure reduced the injection pain, but the difference from the control side was not significant (p = 0.05). Furthermore, the difference between application of local pressure and EMLA was not statistically significant (p = 0.08).

Conclusion

Topical anesthesia of 5% EMLA was more effective than 20% benzocaine in reducing pain severity during infiltration injection. However, it was not significantly different in comparison to the application of local pressure.

How to cite this article

Milani AS, Zand V, Abdollahi AA, Froughreyhani M, Zakeri-Milani P, Jafarabadi MA. Effect of Topical Anesthesia with Lidocaine-prilocaine (EMLA) Cream and Local Pressure on Pain during Infiltration Injection for Maxillary Canines: A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(7):592-596.
Comparison of the Solubility of Conventional Luting Cements with that of the Polyacid Modified Composite Luting Cement and Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cement
Authors: Thomas Mathew , Mustafa Mohammed , Karkera Reshma , Raj AP Nirmal , Isaac Lijo , Reddy R Naveen
Published: July 2019

Introduction

This study was planned to find the solubility of the conventional luting cements in comparison with that of the polyacid-modified composite luting cement and recently introduced resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) with exposure to water at early stages of mixing.

Materials and methods

Anin vitrostudy of the solubility of the following five commercially available luting cements, viz., glass ionomer cement (GIC) (Fuji I, GC), zinc phosphate (Elite 100, GC), polyacid-modified resin cement (PMCR) (Principle, Dentsply), polycarboxylate cement (PC) (Poly - F, Dentsply), RMGIC (Vitremer, 3M), was conducted. For each of these groups of cements, three resin holders were prepared containing two circular cavities of 5 mm diameter and 2 mm depth. All the cements to be studied were mixed in 30 seconds and then placed in the prepared cavities in the resin cement holder for 30 seconds.

Results

From all of the observed luting cements, PMCR cement had shown the lowest mean loss of substance at all immersion times and RMGIC showed the highest mean loss of substance at all immersion times in water from 2 to 8 minutes. The solubility of cements decreased by 38% for GIC, 33% for ZnPO4, 50% for PMCR, 29% for PC, and 17% for RMGIC.

Conclusion

The PMCR cement (Principle-Dentsply) had shown lowest solubility to water at the given time intervals of immersion. This was followed by PC, zinc phosphate, and GIC to various time intervals of immersion.

How to cite this article

Karkera R, Nirmal Raj AP, Isaac L, Mustafa M, Reddy RN, Thomas M. Comparison of the Solubility of Conventional Luting Cements with that of the Polyacid Modified Composite Luting Cement and Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cement. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(12):1016-1021.
In vitro Comparative Evaluation of Various Restorative Materials used for restoring Class III Cavities in Deciduous Anterior Teeth: A Clinical Study
Authors: Khandelwal Deepak , Nihalani Shweta , Priyank Harsh , Verma Ankita , Chaudhary Esha
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Beauty standards in today's modernized world scenario are formed by well-aligned and well-designed bright white teeth. One of the major reasons behind patients reporting to dental clinics is pain. Caries in the anterior primary teeth forms one of the major concerns from a restorative point of view. Very few studies are quoted in literature which stresses on the follow-up of anterior restorations in primary teeth. Hence, we evaluated and compared the efficacy of composite resin and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RGIC) for class III restorations in primary anterior teeth.

Materials and methods

The present study was conducted in the pediatric dental wing and included a total of 80 patients aged 3 to 5½ years who reported with the chief complaint of carious lesions in the primary anterior teeth. Patients having minimal of a pair of similar appearing small carious lesions on the same proximal surfaces of the deciduous maxillary incisors were included for the study. All the patients were randomly divided into two groups: One in which RGIC restoration was done and other in which composite restoration was done. Cavity preparation was done and filling of the cavity with the restorative materials was carried out. Assessment of the restorations was done at 4, 8, and 12 months time following criteria given by Ryge et al. All the results were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Mann–Whitney test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to evaluate the level of significance; p value less than 0.05 was considered as significant.

Results

For composite and RGIC restorations, the mean score for anatomic shape was 1.21 and 1.10 respectively. While comparing the clinical parameters, nonsignificant results were obtained between composite and RGIC restorative materials at 4-, 8-, and 12-month interval. On comparing the clinical parameters for individual restorative materials at different time intervals, statistically significant results were obtained only for anatomical shape and form.

Conclusion

Both RGIC and composite resin restorative materials showed acceptable clinical outcomes after 12 months of follow-up in deciduous anterior teeth. In restoring class III restorations in primary anterior teeth, both the restorative materials showed similar outcome.

Clinical significance

How to cite this article

Priyank H, Verma A, Gupta K, Chaudhary E, Khandelwal D, Nihalani S.In vitroComparative Evaluation of Various Restorative Materials used for restoring Class III Cavities in Deciduous Anterior Teeth: A Clinical Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(12):1022-1026.
Clinical Success of Fiber-reinforced Composite Resin as a Space Maintainer
Authors: Kirzioğlu Zuhal , Çiftçi Z Zahit , Yetiş Ceylan Ç
Published: July 2019

Introduction

The early loss of deciduous molars is a frequently encountered problem in dentistry. Various space maintainer designs were developed to prevent the loss of the space. The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term clinical performance and survival rates of fiber-reinforced composite resin (FRCR) as a space maintainer clinically.

Materials and methods

This study was designed on 44 children who had early missed deciduous molars. Space maintainers were prepared on plaster models of patients and fixed directly to the adjacent teeth. Survival rate and whether it causes any damage to adjacent teeth were examined clinically and radiographically for 24 months or until failure. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used for the statistical analyses.

Results

Overall, 16.2% of space maintainers were dislodged and accepted to be failed at the end of 12 months. At the 24-month control, 52.2% success was stated with the FRCR space maintainer and because of permanent tooth eruption, 31.8% of space maintainer were taken out. The mean duration of space maintainers was measured to be 14.8±3.48 months. There was no statistical significance between survival time and gender, tooth number, localization, and measured space (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

After all 24 months follow-up, as well as esthetic properties of FRCR space maintainer, their applicability in a single seance and strength against the forces are determined as the advantages of the technique.

Clinical significance

The FRCR space maintainers can be thought of as alternatives to metal space maintainers.

How to cite this article

Kirzioğlu Z, Çiftçi ZZ, Yetiş CÇ. Clinical Success of Fiber-reinforced Composite Resin as a Space Maintainer. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(3):188-193.
Evaluation of the Role of Music as a Nonpharmacological Technique in Management of Child Patients
Authors: Gupta Himanshu , Gupta Prahlad
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Behavior management and reducing anxiety and pain are very important for success of treatment. Hence, apart from pharmacological management, such as conscious sedation, nonpharmacological interventions like music play a significant role. This study aims to evaluate the effects of music in reducing anxiety, pain, and behavior management.

Materials and methods

This study was conducted at the Department of Pedodontics in 2015. It consisted of 60 patients, age ranging from 3 to 7 years, who required dental treatment with local anesthesia. They were divided into three groups of 20 each. Group I consisted of upbeat music distraction group. Group II consisted of relaxing music distraction group. Group III consisted of control group. We scheduled the treatment in two visits. We used Venham picture test, North Carolina behavior rating scale, and visual analog scale test for the study. Baseline heart rate was also recorded.

Results

No significant differences were found among the three groups based on three scales used in the study.

Conclusion

Management of child patient in dental clinic is a challenge for clinician. Apart from various pharmacological techniques, management of pediatric patients using audio music distraction has been introduced. However, music did not produce a reduction in pain, anxiety, or disruptive behavior.

Clinical significance

Various pharmacological techniques are present for the management of pediatric patients. Apart from it, there is need of introducing nonpharmacological techniques to reduce pain, anxiety, and to alter behavior of child. By this study, we have tried to evaluate the usefulness of music in child management.

How to cite this article

Gupta N, Gupta H, Gupta P, Gupta N. Evaluation of the Role of Music as a Nonpharmacological Technique in Management of Child Patients. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(3):194-197.
Additive and reducing Effects between Calcium Hydroxide and Current Irrigation Solutions
Authors: Jafarzadeh Hamid , Mohammadi Zahed , Shalavi Sousan , Sahebalam Rasoul , Kinoshita Jun-Ichiro
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Microorganisms should be considered to have the major role in starting and perpetuation of pulpo-periapical diseases. Using intracanal medicaments is necessary to gain a bacteria-free environment in the canal system. Calcium hydroxide (abbreviated as Ca(OH)2), which is the most commonly used medicament in endodontic therapy, has been shown to be effective against primary sources of infection; however, its effectiveness against some microorganisms, such asCandida albicansandEnterococcus faecalishas not been proved. On the other hand, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorhexidine (CHX), and iodine potassium iodide (IKI) have been shown to be the potent medicaments against these microorganisms. Because of this fact, combination of Ca(OH)2and some irrigants of the root canal has been suggested as potential intracanal medicaments. The aim of this literature review is to identify and address the efficacy of Ca(OH)2in combined with some of these irrigating solutions.

How to cite this article

Mohammadi Z, Jafarzadeh H, Shalavi S, Sahebalam R, Kinoshita JI. Additive and reducing Effects between Calcium Hydroxide and Current Irrigation Solutions. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(3):246-249.