bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospective associations between dietary patterns and body composition changes in European children: the IDEFICS study
Authors: Fernández-Alvira Juan Miguel , Bammann Karin , Eiben Gabriele , Hebestreit Antje , Kourides Yannis A , Kovacs Eva , Michels Nathalie , Pala Valeria , Reisch Lucia , Russo Paola , Veidebaum Tomas , Moreno Luis A , Börnhorst Claudia
Published: September 2017

Objective

To describe dietary patterns by applying cluster analysis and to describe the cluster memberships of European children over time and their association with body composition changes.

Design

The analyses included k-means clustering based on the similarities between the relative frequencies of consumption of forty-three food items and regression models were fitted to assess the association between dietary patterns and body composition changes.

Setting

Primary schools and pre-schools of selected regions in Italy, Estonia, Cyprus, Belgium, Sweden, Hungary, Germany and Spain.

Subjects

Participants (n 8341) in the baseline (2–9 years old) and follow-up (4–11 years old) surveys of the IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of Dietary- and lifestyle-induced health EFfects In Children and infantS) study.

Results

Three persistent clusters were obtained at baseline and follow-up. Children consistently allocated to the ‘processed’ cluster presented increased BMI (β=0·050; 95 % CI 0·006, 0·093), increased waist circumference (β=0·071; 95 % CI 0·001, 0·141) and increased fat mass gain (β=0·052; 95 % CI 0·014, 0·090) over time v. children allocated to the ‘healthy’ cluster. Being in the ‘processed’–‘sweet’ cluster combination was also linked to increased BMI (β=0·079; 95 % CI 0·015, 0·143), increased waist circumference (β=0·172; 95 % CI 0·069, 0·275) and increased fat mass gain (β=0·076; 95 % CI 0·019, 0·133) over time v. the ‘healthy’ cluster.

Conclusions

Children consistently showing a processed dietary pattern or changing from a processed pattern to a sweet pattern presented the most unfavourable changes in fat mass and abdominal fat. These findings support the need to promote overall healthy dietary habits in obesity prevention and health promotion programmes targeting children.
First trimester antenatal depression and anxiety: prevalence and associated factors in an urban population in Soweto, South Africa
Authors: Redinger S. , Norris S. A. , Pearson R. M. , Richter L. , Rochat T.
Published: September 2017

Depression and anxiety in the antenatal period are of public health concern given potential adverse effects for both mother and infant. Both are under-researched in the first trimester of pregnancy, especially in Africa. We examine the prevalence of first trimester antenatal depression and anxiety in a cohort of South African women and investigate associated risk factors. Data were collected from 946 women (2014–2016) in the Soweto First 1000 Days Cohort, a prospective pregnancy cohort in Soweto, South Africa. Antenatal depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale with a score of ⩾13 indicating probable depression. Anxiety was assessed using the short form of the State-Trait Anxiety Index with a score ⩾12 indicating probable anxiety. Prevalence of antenatal depression was 27% [95% confidence interval (CI) 24.2–29.8] and anxiety 15.2% (95% CI 12.9–17.5). Factors associated with antenatal depression and anxiety were predominantly relationship- and family-centred. Women who perceived that their partner made life harder for them had three-fold increased odds for depression [(odds ratio (OR) 3.33 [2.28–4.85] P<0.001], whereas those with family stressors had almost double the odds for depression (OR 1.78 [1.22–2.59] P=0.003) and anxiety (OR 1.75 [1.44–2.69] P=0.0011). Antenatal depression and anxiety are common in the first trimester of pregnancy, and partner and family relationship stressors are central. Longitudinal analysis is needed to determine if this is a phase of adjustment to pregnancy or onset of persistent symptomology. Early intervention may have secondary preventative effects and should involve the partner and family.
Mechanism of Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl Resistance in Italian Ryegrass (Lolium perennessp.multiflorum) from China
Authors: Zhang Pei , Wu Han , Xu Hongle , Gao Yuan , Zhang Wei , Dong Liyao
Published: September 2017

Italian ryegrass has invaded wheat ﬁelds in China and is becoming a predominant, troublesome weed. Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl has been widely used for weed control on Chinese farms since the 1990s. However, overuse has led to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl resistance in Italian ryegrass in Chinese wheat fields. In this study, we identified a putative fenoxaprop-P-ethyl–resistant population of Italian ryegrass, HZYC-6, from Henan province, China. Mutations involving Asp-2078-Gly and Ile-1781-Leu substitutions were identified in the carboxyl-transferase domain of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase in this population, and these mutations are the likely cause of the target site–based resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl. In addition, we identified cytochrome P450–mediated metabolism of herbicides (non–target site based resistance) in the HZYC-6 population, indicating that multiple mechanisms of resistance may be segregating in this population. Furthermore, HZYC-6 was also highly resistant to haloxyfop-R-methyl and quizalofop-P-ethyl, moderately resistant to clodinafop-propargyl and sethoxydim, and had low resistance to clethodim and pinoxaden.
LncRNA ZNF503-AS1 promotes RPE differentiation by downregulating ZNF503 expression
Authors: Chen Xue , Jiang Chao , Qin Bing , Liu Guohua , Ji Jiangdong , Sun Xiantao , Xu Min , Ding Sijia , Zhu Meidong , Huang Guofu , Yan Biao , Zhao Chen
Published: September 2017

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have important roles in various biological processes. Our previous work has revealed that dedifferentiation of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells contributes to the pathology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Herein, we show roles of lncRNAs in RPE differentiation. We used microarray to identify lncRNA expression profiles in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and hiPSC-derived RPE cells. A total of 217 differentially expressed lncRNAs along with the differentiation were initially identified, among which 13 lncRNAs showed a consistent fold change of over 2. LncRNA ZNF503-AS1, located in the cytoplasm of RPE cells, was found consistently upregulated along with RPE differentiation, and downregulated in the RPE-choroid of AMD patients. In vitro study further suggested that ZNF503-AS1 insufficiency could inhibit RPE differentiation, and promote its proliferation and migration. As ZNF503-AS1 is transcribed from the antisense strand of the ZNF503 gene locus, we further revealed its regulatory role in ZNF503 expression. ZNF503-AS1 was reversely correlated with ZNF503 expression. Our results also suggested that ZNF503 could inhibit RPE differentiation, and promote its proliferation and migration. Thus, ZNF503-AS1 potentially promotes RPE differentiation through downregulation of ZNF503 expression. In addition, nuclear factor-κB was recognized as a potential upstream transcript factor for ZNF503-AS1, which might participate in promoting RPE differentiation by regulating the expression of ZNF503-AS1. Taken together, our study identifies a group of RPE differentiation relevant lncRNAs, and the potential role of ZNF503-AS1 in the pathology of atrophic AMD, which might help with the intervention of AMD patients.
The functional relationship between transglutaminase 2 and transforming growth factor β1 in the regulation of angiogenesis and endothelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Perez Mileidys , Lee Eun-Seo , Kojima Soichi , Griffin Martin
Published: September 2017

The importance of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) in angiogenesis has been highlighted in recent studies, but other roles of this multi-functional enzyme in endothelial cell (EC) function still remains to be fully elucidated. We previously showed that the extracellular TG2 is involved in maintaining tubule formation in ECs by a mechanism involving matrix-bound vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signalling. Here, by using the ECs and fibroblast co-culture and ECs 3D culture models, we demonstrate a further role for TG2 in both endothelial tubule formation and in tubule loss, which involves its role in the regulation of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and Smad signalling. We demonstrate that inhibition of tubule formation by TG2 inhibitors can be restored by add-back of exogenous TGFβ1 at pg/ml levels and show that TG2 −/− mouse ECs are unable to form tubules in 3D culture and display negligible Smad signalling compared to wild-type cells. Loss of tubule formation in the TG2 −/− ECs can be reconstituted by transduction with TG2. We demonstrate that extracellular TG2 also has an important role in TGFβ1-induced transition of ECs into myofibroblast-like cells (endothelial–mesenchymal transition), resulting in loss of EC tubules and tubule formation. Our data also indicate that TG2 may have a role in regulating TGFβ signalling through entrapment of active TGFβ1 into the extracellular matrix. In conclusion, our work demonstrates that TG2 has multi-functional roles in ECs where its ability to fine-tune of TGFβ1 signalling means it can be involved in both endothelial tubule formation and tubule rarefaction.
Acceleration of pancreatic tumorigenesis under immunosuppressive microenvironment induced by Reg3g overexpression
Authors: Liu Xiulan , Zhou Zhongshi , Cheng Qi , Wang Hongjie , Cao Hui , Xu Qianqian , Tuo Yali , Jiang Li , Zou You , Ren Hongyu , Xiang Ming
Published: September 2017

Reg3g is a potential risk for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We previously demonstrated that Reg3g promoted pancreatic carcinogenesis via a STAT3 signaling pathway in a murine model of chronic pancreatitis. Whether the immune response is involved in tumorigenesis induced by Reg3g remains unknown. In this study, Reg3g-regulated tumor immunity was evaluated in tumor-implanted murine models, immune cells, and tumor microenvironment. In mice that had been orthotopically or ectopically implanted with Panc02 cells, Reg3g overexpression increased EGFR and Ki67, diminished MHC-I and caspase-3 expression, and accelerated growth of tumors. By interacting with PD-1/PD-L1, Reg3g also promoted differentiation of Tregs and recruitment of MDSC, retarded maturation of DCs and inactivation of CD8+ T cells, and suppressed cross-priming of CD8+ T-cell responses by DCs in tumor-bearing mice. Knockdown of Reg3g delayed tumor development in normal mice, but not in CD8+ T-cell-deficient mice. In vitro, Reg3g upregulated EGFR in DCs, activated heme oxygenase-1 (Hmox1) involved JAK2/STAT3 signaling, raised levels of Th2 cytokines in and suppressed maturation of DCs, and enhanced tumor cell proliferation. These results reveal a novel role of Reg3g as an immunosuppressive promoter that weakens tumor-specific antigenicity and suppresses antitumor effects of CD8+ T cells in a murine model of pancreatic cancer. Reg3g produces these effects by activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in DCs, triggering the generation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
p73 is required for appropriate BMP-induced mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition during somatic cell reprogramming
Authors: Martin-Lopez Marta , Maeso-Alonso Laura , Fuertes-Alvarez Sandra , Balboa Diego , Rodríguez-Cortez Virginia , Weltner Jere , Diez-Prieto Inmaculada , Davis Andrew , Wu Yaning , Otonkoski Timo , Flores Elsa R , Menéndez Pablo , Marques Margarita M , Marin Maria C
Published: September 2017

The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by somatic cell reprogramming holds great potential for modeling human diseases. However, the reprogramming process remains very inefficient and a better understanding of its basic biology is required. The mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) has been recognized as a crucial step for the successful reprogramming of fibroblasts into iPSCs. It has been reported that the p53 tumor suppressor gene acts as a barrier of this process, while its homolog p63 acts as an enabling factor. In this regard, the information concerning the role of the third homolog, p73, during cell reprogramming is limited. Here, we derive total Trp73 knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts, with or without Trp53, and examine their reprogramming capacity. We show that p73 is required for effective reprogramming by the Yamanaka factors, even in the absence of p53. Lack of p73 affects the early stages of reprogramming, impairing the MET and resulting in altered maturation and stabilization phases. Accordingly, the obtained p73-deficient iPSCs have a defective epithelial phenotype and alterations in the expression of pluripotency markers. We demonstrate that p73 deficiency impairs the MET, at least in part, by hindering BMP pathway activation. We report that p73 is a positive modulator of the BMP circuit, enhancing its activation by DNp73 repression of the Smad6 promoter. Collectively, these findings provide mechanistic insight into the MET process, proposing p73 as an enhancer of MET during cellular reprogramming.
The intracellular angiotensin system buffers deleterious effects of the extracellular paracrine system
Authors: Villar-Cheda Begoña , Costa-Besada Maria A , Valenzuela Rita , Perez-Costas Emma , Melendez-Ferro Miguel , Labandeira-Garcia Jose L
Published: September 2017

The ‘classical’ renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is a circulating system that controls blood pressure. Local/paracrine RAS, identified in a variety of tissues, including the brain, is involved in different functions and diseases, and RAS blockers are commonly used in clinical practice. A third type of RAS (intracellular/intracrine RAS) has been observed in some types of cells, including neurons. However, its role is still unknown. The present results indicate that in brain cells the intracellular RAS counteracts the intracellular superoxide/H2O2 and oxidative stress induced by the extracellular/paracrine angiotensin II acting on plasma membrane receptors. Activation of nuclear receptors by intracellular or internalized angiotensin triggers a number of mechanisms that protect the cell, such as an increase in the levels of protective angiotensin type 2 receptors, intracellular angiotensin, PGC-1α and IGF-1/SIRT1. Interestingly, this protective mechanism is altered in isolated nuclei from brains of aged animals. The present results indicate that at least in the brain, AT1 receptor blockers acting only on the extracellular or paracrine RAS may offer better protection of cells.
Perturbed cholesterol and vesicular trafficking associated with dengue blocking in Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti cells
Authors: Geoghegan Vincent , Stainton Kirsty , Rainey Stephanie M. , Ant Thomas H. , Dowle Adam A. , Larson Tony , Hester Svenja , Charles Philip D. , Thomas Benjamin , Sinkins Steven P.
Published: September 2017

Wolbachiaare intracellular maternally inherited bacteria that can spread through insect populations and block virus transmission by mosquitoes, providing an important approach to dengue control. To better understand the mechanisms of virus inhibition, we here perform proteomic quantification of the effects ofWolbachiainAedes aegyptimosquito cells and midgut. Perturbations are observed in vesicular trafficking, lipid metabolism and in the endoplasmic reticulum that could impact viral entry and replication.Wolbachia-infected cells display a differential cholesterol profile, including elevated levels of esterified cholesterol, that is consistent with perturbed intracellular cholesterol trafficking. Cyclodextrins have been shown to reverse lipid accumulation defects in cells with disrupted cholesterol homeostasis. Treatment ofWolbachia-infectedAe.aegypticells with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin restores dengue replication inWolbachia-carrying cells, suggesting dengue is inhibited inWolbachia-infected cells by localised cholesterol accumulation. These results demonstrate parallels between the cellularWolbachiaviral inhibition phenotype and lipid storage genetic disorders.
BRCA2 suppresses replication stress-induced mitotic and G1 abnormalities through homologous recombination
Authors: Feng Weiran , Jasin Maria
Published: September 2017

Mutations in the tumor suppressor BRCA2 predominantly predispose to breast cancer. Paradoxically, while loss of BRCA2 promotes tumor formation, it also causes cell lethality, although how lethality is triggered is unclear. Here, we generate BRCA2 conditional non-transformed human mammary epithelial cell lines using CRISPR-Cas9. Cells are inviable upon BRCA2 loss, which leads to replication stress associated with under replication, causing mitotic abnormalities, 53BP1 nuclear body formation in the ensuing G1 phase, and G1 arrest. Unexpected from other systems, the role of BRCA2 in homologous recombination, but not in stalled replication fork protection, is primarily associated with supporting human mammary epithelial cell viability, and, moreover, preventing replication stress, a hallmark of pre-cancerous lesions. Thus, we uncover a DNA under replication-53BP1 nuclear body formation-G1 arrest axis as an unanticipated outcome of homologous recombination deficiency, which triggers cell lethality and, we propose, serves as a barrier that must be overcome for tumor formation.
Aqueous synthesis of functionalized copper sulfide quantum dots as near-infrared luminescent probes for detection of Hg2+, Ag+ and Au3+
Authors: Du Weilin , Liao Lei , Yang Li , Qin Aimiao , Liang Aihui
Published: September 2017

Stable water-soluble copper sulfide(Cu2S) quantum dots(QDs) with near-infrared emission were synthesized using N-acetyl-L-cysteine(NAC) as a modifier in aqueous solution and nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature. The product was characterized by TEM, XRD, XPS, FT-IR, FL and UV-VIS spectrometers. Effects of preparation conditions such as pH values, the molar ratio of reactants, temperature, and metal ions on the fluorescence properties of Cu2S QDs were discussed. Under optimal conditions, the prepared Cu2S QDs with average diameter about 2–5 nm show a near-infrared emission at 770 nm with the excitation wavelength of 466 nm, and have a good detection sensitivity for ions of Hg2+, Ag+ and Au3+, based on the characteristic of fluorescence quenching. The fluorescence quenching mechanism was proposed via electron transfer with cation exchange, which based on the theory of Hard-Soft-Acid-Base (HSAB) and Ksp value of metal–sulfide.
Cross-polarization coupling terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in a semiconductor based on the Hall effect
Authors: Hu Jiangsheng , Liu JinSong , Wang Kejia
Published: September 2017

We propose a new type of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in an isotropic semiconductor wafer applied by a magnetic field in which two cross-polarization THz pulses couple with each other via the Hall effect. We built a classic theoretic model to describe cross-polarization coupling THz spectroscopy (CPCTS). Numerical simulations show that the magnetic field can clearly affect the spectral features of the two THz pulses via the Hall effect in which both the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field and the thickness of the wafer play important roles. Using CPCTS, we present an improved method that is non-contact to measure the material parameters, such as the damping constant and carrier density of a semiconductor wafer, and discuss the possibility of THz functional devices. Finally, we describe an experimental scheme to guide CPCTS.
Polyphenols journey through blood-brain barrier towards neuronal protection
Authors: Figueira I. , Garcia G. , Pimpão R. C. , Terrasso A. P. , Costa I. , Almeida A. F. , Tavares L. , Pais T. F. , Pinto P. , Ventura M. R. , Filipe A. , McDougall G. J. , Stewart D. , Kim K. S. , Palmela I. , Brites D. , Brito M. A. , Brito C. , Santos C. N.
Published: September 2017

Age-related complications such as neurodegenerative disorders are increasing and remain cureless. The possibility of altering the progression or the development of these multifactorial diseases through diet is an emerging and attractive approach with increasing experimental support. We examined the potential of known bioavailable phenolic sulfates, arising from colonic metabolism of berries, to influence hallmarks of neurodegenerative processes. In silico predictions and in vitro transport studies across blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelial cells, at circulating concentrations, provided evidence for differential transport, likely related to chemical structure. Moreover, endothelial metabolism of these phenolic sulfates produced a plethora of novel chemical entities with further potential bioactivies. Pre-conditioning with phenolic sulfates improved cellular responses to oxidative, excitotoxicity and inflammatory injuries and this attenuation of neuroinflammation was achieved via modulation of NF-κB pathway. Our results support the hypothesis that these small molecules, derived from dietary (poly)phenols may cross the BBB, reach brain cells, modulate microglia-mediated inflammation and exert neuroprotective effects, with potential for alleviation of neurodegenerative diseases.
Acute doses of caffeine shift nervous system cell expression profiles toward promotion of neuronal projection growth
Authors: Yu Nancy Y. , Bieder Andrea , Raman Amitha , Mileti Enrichetta , Katayama Shintaro , Einarsdottir Elisabet , Fredholm Bertil B. , Falk Anna , Tapia-Páez Isabel , Daub Carsten O. , Kere Juha
Published: September 2017

Caffeine is a widely consumed psychoactive substance, but little is known about the effects of caffeine stimulation on global gene expression changes in neurons. Here, we conducted gene expression profiling of human neuroepithelial stem cell-derived neurons, stimulated with normal consumption levels of caffeine (3 μM and 10 μM), over a period of 9 h. We found dosage-dependent activation of immediate early genes after 1 h. Neuronal projection development processes were up-regulated and negative regulation of axon extension processes were down-regulated at 3 h. In addition, genes involved in extracellular matrix organization, response for wound healing, and regulation of immune system processes were down-regulated by caffeine at 3 h. This study identified novel genes within the neuronal projection guidance pathways that respond to acute caffeine stimulation and suggests potential mechanisms for the effects of caffeine on neuronal cells.
Scavenger templates: a systems chemistry approach to the synthesis of porphyrin-based molecular wires
Authors: Cnossen Arjen , Roche Cécile , Anderson Harry L.
Published: September 2017

A hexapyridyl template can be used to indirectly up-regulate the synthesis of a linear porphyrin dodecamer, by suppressing polymerization.
A novel method to control carryover contamination in isothermal nucleic acid amplification
Authors: Ma Cuiping , Wang Fuxin , Wang Xiudan , Han Lingzhi , Jing Hao , Zhang Heng , Shi Chao
Published: September 2017

We developed a novel method to control carryover contamination in loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) by primer engineering to carry recognition sites for a restriction endonuclease, providing a robust ability to eliminate carryover contaminants.
Synchrotron XRD and NMR evidence of germanium redistribution during silylation of BEC-type germanosilicate
Authors: Kots Pavel A. , Kurkin Alexander V. , Sushkevich Vitaly L. , Fitch Andrew N. , Chernyshev Vladimir V. , Ivanova Irina I.
Published: September 2017

Post-synthesis silylation of BEC-type germanosilicate followed by synchrotron XRD measurements of the Si/Ge ratios in various T-positions reveals site-specific isomorphous substitution.
The first X-ray structure of a silver–nucleotide complex: interaction of ion Ag(i) with cytidine-5′-monophosphate
Authors: Terrón Angel , Tomàs Llorenç , Bauzá Antonio , García-Raso Angel , Fiol Juan J. , Molins Elies , Frontera Antonio
Published: September 2017

The synthesis and X-ray characterization of an unprecedented complex of Ag(i) with cytidine-5′-monophosphate (HCMP) is reported. The coordination of Ag(i) to HCMP is via both the N3 and O2 atoms of two cytosine moieties and the phosphate group, generating a MOF.
Properties of kinetic transition networks for atomic clusters and glassy solids
Authors: Morgan John W. R. , Mehta Dhagash , Wales David J.
Published: September 2017

Small-world and scale-free properties are analysed for kinetic transition networks of clusters and glassy systems.
Catalytic mechanism of phenylacetone monooxygenases for non-native linear substrates
Authors: Carvalho Alexandra T. P. , Dourado Daniel F. A. R. , Skvortsov Timofey , de Abreu Miguel , Ferguson Lyndsey J. , Quinn Derek J. , Moody Thomas S. , Huang Meilan
Published: September 2017

In this work, we provide, for the first time, the catalytic mechanism of PAMO for the native substrate phenylacetone as well as for a linear non-native substrate 2-octanone.
New insights into single-compound and binary adsorption of copper and lead ions on a treated sea mango shell: experimental and theoretical studies
Authors: Sellaoui Lotfi , Edi Soetaredjo Felycia , Ismadji Suryadi , Cláudio Lima Éder , Dotto Guilherme L. , Ben Lamine Abdelmottaleb , Erto Alessandro
Published: September 2017

Herein, adsorption isotherms of Pb(ii) and Cu(ii) ions on treated sea mango fruit in both single-compound and binary systems were experimentally realized at different temperatures in the range of 30–50 °C.
Fast flip–flop of halogenated cobalt bis(dicarbollide) anion in a lipid bilayer membrane
Authors: Rokitskaya Tatyana I. , Kosenko Irina D. , Sivaev Igor B. , Antonenko Yuri N. , Bregadze Vladimir I.
Published: September 2017

Halogenation dramatically affects the flip–flop of cobalt bis(dicarbollide) across the lipid membrane causing acceleration (Cl, Br, I) or deceleration (F).
In situ nitrogen doping of TiO2 by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition for enhanced sodium storage performance
Authors: Lin Jinhuan , Ma Dingtao , Li Yongliang , Zhang Peixin , Mi Hongwei , Deng Libo , Sun Lingna , Ren Xiangzhong
Published: September 2017

Nitrogen-doped TiO2 is in situ synthesized by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition on carbon nanotubes (N-TiO2/CNTs).
Synergistic maximization of the carbohydrate output and lignin processability by combinatorial pretreatment
Authors: Liu Zhi-Hua , Olson Michelle L. , Shinde Somnath , Wang Xin , Hao Naijia , Yoo Chang Geun , Bhagia Samarthya , Dunlap John R. , Pu Yunqiao , Kao Katy C. , Ragauskas Arthur J. , Jin Mingjie , Yuan Joshua S.
Published: September 2017

Combinatorial pretreatments with a low holding temperature were developed in an effort to synergistically improve the carbohydrate output and lignin processability from corn stover.
Synthesis of tailored hydrodipyrrins and their examination in directed routes to bacteriochlorins and tetradehydrocorrins
Authors: Zhang Shaofei , Nagarjuna Reddy Muthyala , Mass Olga , Kim Han-Je , Hu Gongfang , Lindsey Jonathan S.
Published: September 2017

18 gem-dimethyl stabilized hydrodipyrrins with diverse α-substituents have been prepared and examined in directed syntheses of unsymmetrically substituted hydroporphyrins.
A simple and low-cost route to recycle rare earth elements (La, Ce) from aqueous solution using magnetic nanoparticles of CoxMn1−xFe2O4 (x = 0.2 and 0.8): synthesis, isotherms, kinetics, thermodynamics and desorption
Authors: Ghobadi Misagh , Gharabaghi Mahdi , Abdollahi Hadi , Shafiee Kisomi Amir
Published: September 2017

Magnetic nanoparticles of CoxMn1−xFe2O4 with a large surface area have been developed for REE cations adsorption.
Environmentally friendly synthesis of secondary amines via one-pot reductive amination over a heterogeneous Co–Nx catalyst
Authors: Jiang Liang , Zhou Peng , Zhang Zehui , Chi Quan , Jin Shiwei
Published: September 2017

The application of earth-abundant transition metal catalysts in the mild and selective synthesis of secondary amines via the reductive amination method is very challenging.
Efficient nickel(ii) naringenin-oxime complex catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck cross-coupling reaction in the presence of hydrazine hydrate
Authors: Song Jin-Yi , Liu Yang , Zhao Hong-Yan , Han Hua-Tao , Li Zhuo-Fei , Guo Wei-Hao , Chu Wen-Yi , Sun Zhi-Zhong
Published: September 2017

A novel nickel(ii) naringenin-oxime complex was designed, synthesized and characterized.
Albumin-templated biomineralizing growth of composite nanoparticles as smart nano-theranostics for enhanced radiotherapy of tumors
Authors: Chen Jiawen , Chen Qian , Liang Chao , Yang Zhijuan , Zhang Lin , Yi Xuan , Dong Ziliang , Chao Yu , Chen Youguo , Liu Zhuang
Published: September 2017

Hypoxia and a dense extracellular matrix within the tumor microenvironment can often lead to the resistance of tumors to radiotherapy.
Manganese complex-catalyzed oxidation and oxidative kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols by hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Miao Chengxia , Li Xiao-Xi , Lee Yong-Min , Xia Chungu , Wang Yong , Nam Wonwoo , Sun Wei
Published: September 2017

The highly efficient catalytic oxidation and oxidative kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols has been achieved using mononuclear Mn(ii) catalysts and H2O2.
Comparisons of lanthanide/actinide +2 ions in a tris(aryloxide)arene coordination environment
Authors: Fieser Megan E. , Palumbo Chad T. , La Pierre Henry S. , Halter Dominik P. , Voora Vamsee K. , Ziller Joseph W. , Furche Filipp , Meyer Karsten , Evans William J.
Published: September 2017

Nd, like U, prefers a f4 configuration with the tris(aryloxide)arene ligand rather than the 4f35d1 configuration found in tris(cyclopentadienyl) complexes.
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-tosylate (PEDOT-Tos) electrodes in thermogalvanic cells
Authors: Wijeratne Kosala , Vagin Mikhail , Brooke Robert , Crispin Xavier
Published: September 2017

The interest in thermogalvanic cells (TGCs) has grown because it is a candidate technology for harvesting electricity from natural and waste heat. The polymer electrode PEDOT is investigated as potential material to replace Pt electrode in TGCs. The power of the TGC increases with thickness and PEDOT provides an efficient electron transfer to Fe(CN)63−.
The synergistic effect of Bi2WO6 nanoplates and Co3O4 cocatalysts for enhanced photoelectrochemical properties
Authors: Dong Guojun , Zhang Yajun , Bi Yingpu
Published: September 2017

Herein, we demonstrated the controllable fabrication of Bi2WO6 nanoplate arrays decorated with Co3O4 cocatalysts. The synergistic effect of bulk charge transport and surface oxygen evolution could significantly improve the photoelectrochemical properties for water splitting under simulated solar light.
Progressive Tinnitus Management Level 3 Skills Education: A 5-Year Clinical Retrospective
Authors: Edmonds Catherine M. , Ribbe Cheri , Thielman Emily J. , Henry James A.
Published: September 2017

Purpose

The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether progressive tinnitus management Level 3 skills education workshops conducted at the Bay Pines and Boston Veterans Affairs hospitals result in consistent use of the presented tinnitus management strategies by patients 1–5 years after completing the workshops.

Method

In fiscal year (FY) 2015, the tinnitus workshop follow-up form was mailed to all veterans who completed the Level 3 workshops between FY 2010 and FY 2014. Data were compiled to determine which, if any, of the skills taught in the workshops were being used 1–5 years after completion of the workshops and the impact on quality-of-life indicators.

Results

All self-management skills were being utilized up to 5 years postcompletion; therapeutic sound was utilized the most. The majority of patients reported an improved ability to manage reactions to tinnitus and improved quality-of-life indicators. Over 90% of patients from both sites recommended the program to others with tinnitus.

Conclusion

The self-management skills taught in the progressive tinnitus management Level 3 workshops are sustained over time even when limited resources prevent the full complement of workshops or the involvement of mental health services. The workshops can also be successfully implemented through remote delivery via videoconferencing (telehealth).

Supplemental Materials

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5370883
Ist die Beweglichkeit der HWS bei Patienten mit chronischem Nackenschmerz eingeschränkt?
Authors: Wolf U. , Mendoza S. , Kiselev J. , Unverzagt S. , Behrens J. , Franke R.
Published: September 2017

Hintergrund: Die Untersuchung des Bewegungsumfangs ist fester Bestandteil des Assessments bei Patienten mit Nackenschmerz. Bewegungseinschränkungen gelten als sicheres Zeichen für akute Schmerzzustände. Bei chronischem Nackenschmerz ist das Vorhandensein von Bewegungseinschränkungen jedoch fraglich.

Ziel: Die vorliegende Erhebung untersuchte, ob Patienten mit chronischem Nackenschmerz Bewegungseinschränkungen aufweisen.

Methode: 60 gesunde Probanden und 60 Patienten mit chronischem Nackenschmerz wurden mittels Ultraschalltopometrie während zyklischer Bewegungen der HWS bezüglich des Bewegungsumfangs untersucht und die Mittelwerte beider Gruppen auf signifikante Unterschiede überprüft. Ferner erfolgte die Klassifikation der gemessenen Bewegungsumfänge anhand geschlechts- und altersspezifischer Normwerte als normal, hypermobil oder hypomobil. Für die Validität des Befundes „hypomobil“ in Bezug auf die Erkennung des chronischen Nackenschmerzes wurden die Sensitivität, die Spezifität sowie die positive (LR+) und die negative Likelihood Ratio (LR–) ermittelt.

Ergebnisse: Die durchschnittlichen Bewegungsumfänge beider Gruppen unterschieden sich in alle Richtungen signifikant. Im Vergleich zu den Normwerten wiesen mehr als drei Viertel der Teilnehmer beider Gruppen eine normale Beweglichkeit auf. Die Sensitivität des Kriteriums „Hypomobilität“ lag bei maximal 0,23, die Spezifität bei über 0,9, die LR+ bei maximal 0,93 und der niedrigste Wert der LR– bei 0,65.

Schlussfolgerung: Beim chronischen Nackenschmerz ist das Bewegungsausmaß der HWS nicht vermindert. Für das Assessment fehlt ein objektiver Parameter, der mit psychosozialen Variablen korreliert und von Physiotherapeuten gemessen werden kann.
Multicatalytic Enantioselective Borrowing Hydrogen δ-Lactonization Strategy from β-Keto Esters and Allylic Alcohols
Authors: Quintard Adrien , Roudier Mylène , Rodriguez Jean
Published: September 2017

By combining an iron-catalyzed borrowing hydrogen of allylic alcohols with an enantioselective organocatalyzed Michael addition of β-keto esters followed by a subsequent DBU-promoted lactonization different enantioenriched δ-lactones have been synthesized with good enantioselectivities. The valuable building blocks, featuring in some cases challenging quaternary stereocenters, have been obtained with >90% ee.
Two-Step Synthesis of α,β-Unsaturated γ-Amino Acid Esters via
N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed [4+2] Cycloaddition of Enals and Nitroso Compounds
Authors: Enders Dieter , Liu Qiang , Chen Xiang-Yu , Li Sun , Vetica Fabrizio , Raabe Gerhard
Published: September 2017

An efficient strategy for the synthesis of various of α,β-unsaturated γ-amino acid esters has been established employing N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed [4+2] cycloadditions of β-methyl enals and aromatic nitroso compounds to afford 1,2-oxazin-6-ones in good yields. A subsequent acid-catalyzed esterification under ring opening yields the γ-amino enoates in good yields.
Evidence for the Use of Tranexamic Acid in Subarachnoid and Subdural Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review
Authors: Anker-Møller Thorkil , Troldborg Anne , Sunde Niels , Hvas Anne-Mette
Published: September 2017

Despite neurosurgical treatment, a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) can cause a debilitating stroke. The case fatality rate ranges from 27 to 44%, and many survivors are left permanently disabled; therefore, the need for improved treatment is obvious. Furthermore, subdural hemorrhages (SDHs) have a cumulative recurrence rate of 14% in the first year and are potentially fatal. The aim of this systematic review is to assess and discuss the evidence for the role of tranexamic acid (TXA) in treatment of SAH and SDH. Systematic literature searches were performed in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science (1946–2016). The inclusion criteria were TXA-treated group and control group; SAH or SDH verified by imaging, intraoperatively or at autopsy; human subjects; English; and an objective outcome. The search terms matched 443 records. Eight studies including nontraumatic SAH patients and one study including traumatic intracranial bleeding met the inclusion criteria. Comparing TXA-treated nontraumatic patients with controls, we found an overall odds ratio (OR) for rebleeding of 0.41 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.26–0.64), six studies reported the mortality rate with an overall OR of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.68–1.12), four studies reported no statistically significant difference on the Glasgow Outcome Scale, and one study showed a statistically significant increased risk of cerebral ischemia, whereas seven studies found no statistically significant difference. No studies including SDH patients met the inclusion criteria. TXA reduced the overall risk of rebleeding following nontraumatic SAH. A nonsignificant reduction in mortality was demonstrated in nontraumatic SAH without substantial indication of increased risk of ischemic lesions.
The 2014–2015 National Impact of the 2014 American Academy of Pediatrics Guidance for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immunoprophylaxis on Preterm Infants Born in the United States
Authors: Kong Amanda , Krilov Leonard , Fergie Jaime , Goldstein Mitchell , Diakun David , Wade Sally , Pavilack Melissa , McLaurin Kimmie
Published: September 2017

Objective This article aims to compare respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immunoprophylaxis (IP) use and RSV hospitalization rates (RSVH) in preterm and full-term infants without chronic lung disease of prematurity or congenital heart disease before and after the recommendation against RSV IP use in preterm infants born at 29 to 34 weeks' gestational age (wGA).

Study Design Infants in commercial and Medicaid claims databases were followed from birth through first year to assess RSV IP and RSVH, as a function of infant's age and wGA. RSV IP was based on pharmacy or outpatient medical claims for palivizumab. RSVH was based on inpatient medical claims with a diagnosis of RSV.

Results Commercial and Medicaid infants 29 to 34 wGA represented 2.9 to 3.5% of all births. RSV IP use in infants 29 to 34 wGA decreased 62 to 95% (p < 0.01) in the 2014–2015 season relative to the 2013–2014 season. Compared with the 2013–2014 season, RSVH increased by 2.7-fold (p = 0.02) and 1.4-fold (p = 0.03) for infants aged <3 months and 29 to 34 wGA in the 2014–2015 season with commercial and Medicaid insurance, respectively. In the 2014–2015 season, RSVH for infants 29 to 34 wGA were two to seven times higher than full-term infants without high-risk conditions.

Conclusion Following the 2014 RSV IP guidance change, RSV IP use declined and RSVH increased among infants born at 29 to 34 wGA and aged <3 months.
Diagnostik implantatassoziierter Infektionen und Stellenwert der Sonikation
Authors: Feihl Susanne , Trampuz Andrej , Renz Nora
Published: September 2017

Der Behandlungserfolg implantatassoziierter Infektionen ist in hohem Maße von einer angemessenen Diagnostik abhängig. Insbesondere „low-grade“-Infektionen präsentieren sich oft mit wenig ausgeprägten und unspezifischen klinischen Symptomen und erfordern deshalb eine optimierte diagnostische Aufarbeitung. Für die Diagnosestellung werden Anamnese, klinische Zeichen, Laborparameter, bildgebende Verfahren sowie histologische und mikrobiologische Untersuchungen herangezogen. Mikroorganismen bilden auf Implantatoberflächen einen Biofilm aus amorpher Polymermatrix, in der die Bakterien eingebettet sind. Dies erschwert den Nachweis der verursachenden Erreger mit konventionellen mikrobiologischen Methoden. Mittels Sonikation können Biofilme durch Ultraschallwellen von Oberflächen abgelöst und die resultierende Sonikationsflüssigkeit anschließend mikrobiologisch analysiert werden. Mit diesem Verfahren gelingt die Erregeridentifikation bei implantatassoziierten Infektionen deutlich häufiger und ermöglicht somit eine gezielte Antibiotikatherapie.
Versuch über die Sehnsucht
Authors: Danzer Gerhard
Published: September 2017

Was heißt und was bedeutet Sehnsucht? Handelt es sich dabei um ein pathologisches oder um ein weit verbreitet „normales“ Phänomen? Wie wird die Sehnsucht in der Tiefenpsychologie, Anthropologie, Literatur und Kunst ausgedrückt und bewertet, und gibt es – ausgehend von diesen verschiedenen Bewertungen – Gemeinsamkeiten der Einordnung und des Verständnisses von Sehnsucht?
Dissoziative Störungen
Authors: Gladisch Katharina M.
Published: September 2017

Erkennen und Behandeln dissoziativer Symptome stellt oftmals eine Herausforderung im klinischen Alltag dar. Dieses wissenschaftlich
fundierte Buch leistet einen wertvollen Beitrag zum besseren Verständnis sowie zur Behandlung von dissoziativen Störungen. Das in 4
Teile untergliederte Buch informiert ausführlich zu ätiologischen und neurobiologischen Grundlagen, zu psycho- sowie
pharmakotherapeutischen Ansätzen aber auch zu psychiatrischen Störungsbildern mit hoher Dissoziationsneigung. Im 4. Teil wird ein
modular aufgebauter Therapieleitfaden angeboten, der einen praxisnahen Schwerpunkt des Buches darstellt. Angebotene Arbeitsblätter sind
im Buch abgebildet, stehen jedoch leider nicht als Download zur Verfügung. Tabellen und Abbildungen ergänzen in allen Kapiteln
anschaulich dargestellte Inhalte, die Literaturangaben sind den einzelnen Kapiteln zugeordnet. Das Inhaltsverzeichnis ist sehr
detailliert und übersichtlich gestaltet, ein seitlich angebrachtes Griffregister vereinfacht ein gezieltes Nachschlagen im Praxisalltag.
Ein Buch sowohl für das wissenschaftliche Arbeiten aber auch als Nachschlagewerk für den Einsatz im Praxisalltag.
Managing the Risks of Big Data at MyTelco: Taking Ethics Seriously
Authors: Schultze Ulrike , Mason Richard O.
Published: September 2017

In 2014, MyTelco established an independent Business Analytics (MyBA) organization that provided data analytics services to both MyTelco and third party customers. It was expected that this organization would be able to fund itself through the revenues generated from the commercialization of insights derived from MyTelco's data. To address the ethical risks associated with mining and commercializing big data, MyBA relied on an Ethics and Compliance Committee (ECC) to review project proposals that involved customer data. Situated in November 2016, a week after the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) passed new legislation to increase consumer's choice over their personal information, the case describes three proposals that the ECC needed to evaluate. Students deliberate each proposal's legality and ethicality from the point of view of MyTelco's Ethics and Compliance Committee.
Effect of pseudo-gravitational acceleration on the dissolution rate of miscible drops
Authors: Viner Gloria , La Monica Tatiana , Lombardo Renato , Pojman John A.
Published: September 2017

The effect of pseudo-gravitational acceleration on the dissolution process of two phase miscible systems has been investigated at high acceleration values using a spinning drop tensiometer with three systems: 1-butanol/water, isobutyric acid/water, and triethylamine/water. We concluded that the dissolution process involves at least three different transport phenomena: diffusion, barodiffusion, and gravitational (buoyancy-driven) convection. The last two phenomena are significantly affected by the centrifugal acceleration acting at the interface between the two fluids, and the coupling with the geometry of the dissolving drop leads to a change of the mass flux during the course of the dissolution process.
Response of LiTaO3 thin film to X-band short microwave pulse
Authors: Gao Qiong , Wang Honggang , Qu Weidong , Jiao Zhongke , Li Guolin , Wang Juanfeng , Zhang Yanxiu
Published: September 2017

The response of the LiTaO3 thin film detector to the X-band pulse with large power (of order 10 W/cm2) and short duration (of order 0.1 μs) is investigated experimentally and explained from the viewpoint of dielectric relaxation. With the output voltage signal of the detector, the current through the LiTaO3 thin film and its electric polarization are computed and used to examine the observation in a more fundamental manner. In contrast to the common step excitation, the short pulse can provide a delta-type excitation and the response is more appropriate for exploring the interaction mechanism. It is demonstrated from the viewpoint of energy that the response of the detector is not caused by the temperature change in the film, which is the core component in the traditional model of the pyroelectric detector. The polarizations under different pulse conditions show that the interaction is nonlinear, so the linear superposition assumption in the dielectric relaxation theory cannot be used any more. It is found that the polarization can be fitted quite well with a sine function and a time-dependent frequency can be defined. An empirical equation is derived for the dynamics of polarization, and the accelerating and damping effects in the relaxation process can be explained with the relative change in this frequency. The dynamics analysis indicates that the electromagnetic energy is mainly dissipated through driving the domain wall in the crystal.
A general variational approach for computing rovibrational resonances of polyatomic molecules. Application to the weakly bound H2He+ and H2⋅CO systems
Authors: Papp Dóra , Szidarovszky Tamás , Császár Attila G.
Published: September 2017

The quasi-variational quantum chemical protocol and code GENIUSH [E. Mátyus et al., J. Chem. Phys. 130, 134112 (2009) and C. Fábri et al., J. Chem. Phys. 134, 074105 (2011)] has been augmented with the complex absorbing potential (CAP) technique, yielding a method for the determination of rovibrational resonance states. Due to the effective implementation of the CAP technique within GENIUSH, the GENIUSH-CAP code is a powerful tool for the study of important dynamical features of arbitrary-sized molecular systems with arbitrary composition above their first dissociation limit. The GENIUSH-CAP code has been tested and validated on the H2He+ cation: the computed resonance energies and lifetimes are compared to those obtained with a previously developed triatomic rovibrational resonance-computing code, D2FOPI-CCS [T. Szidarovszky and A. G. Császár Mol. Phys. 111, 2131 (2013)], utilizing the complex coordinate scaling method. A unique feature of the GENIUSH-CAP protocol is that it allows the simple implementation of reduced-dimensional dynamical models. To prove this, resonance energies and lifetimes of the H2⋅CO van der Waals complex have been computed utilizing a four-dimensional model (freezing the two monomer stretches), and a related potential energy surface, of the complex.