bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kesiapan Wanita Usia 45-55 Tahun dalam Menghadapi Perubahan Masa Menopause
Authors: Ulya Ni’matul , Andanawarih Putri
Published: February 2021

Menopause is a process of transition from the productive period to the nonproductive period due to the reduction in the hormones estrogen and progesterone. The average age of most women going through menopause is between the ages of 45 and 55. Some women consider menopause to be a frightening thing, this worry comes from the thought that they will become unhealthy so that they feel anxious. In Indonesia, by 2025 it is estimated that there will be 60 million menopausal women. Readiness to face menopause is a condition for mothers to prepare themselves for menopause both physically, mentally and psychologically. The purpose of this study was to determine the readiness of women aged 45-55 years in facing menopause changes in Kuripan Yosorejo Village. This research is a quantitative study with a cross sectional study design and using the chi square statistical test. The results obtained p value 0.01 <α (0.05), which means that there is a relationship between knowledge of menopause and readiness to face changes in menopause. With this research, it is hoped that menopausal mothers can increase their knowledge about reproductive health, especially about menopause by reading many books about menopause or through other information media so that it can increase understanding of how to deal with menopause and reduce complaints before menopause, especially for menopausal mothers at a level lack of knowledge.
Efektivitas Terapi Rendam Kaki Air Hangat terhadap Perubahan Penurunan Tekanan Darah Ibu Hamil Preeklampsia
Authors: Inayah Maslahatul , Anonim Tri
Published: February 2021

Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) can be a measuring tool to determine the quality of health services both during pregnancy and postpartum. Pregnant women with preeclampsia can cause complications that lead to increased maternal mortality and perinatal mortality. There are several attempts to control high blood pressure. This method can use pharmacological or non pharmacological.  The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of warm water foot soak therapy on changes in blood pressure reduction of preeclamptic pregnant women. This type of research is a quantitative study with aresearch quasi-experimentaldesign, with adesign approach pre and post test in the intervention group and the conMtrol group. The sample for each group is 10 people, so that the total number of samples is 20 respondents.Bivariate analysis was performed using the Wilxocon test because the data distribution was not normal and the Mann-Whitney Test to determine the difference before and after the intervention was given.The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was an effect of giving warm water foot soaking therapy to changes in the decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure of preeclamptic pregnant women with a value of p = 0.004 and p = 0.011 and there were differences in changes in the decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the intervention group and the control group. p = 0.001 and p = 0.007.
Further records of jewel beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from Oman
Authors: Al-Jahdhami Ali A.
Published: February 2021

Buprestidae beetles are herbivorous and often strictly associated with their host plant. The knowledge of Buprestidae from Oman is still incipient. Less than 25 species of Buprestidae are reported from Oman so far and this indicates the large blank in our knowledge in this family when compared to recorded species from other neighboring countries in the Arabian Peninsula. In this paper, seven species from four genera and three subfamilies are being new records for Oman. The number of new records in Agrilinae subfamily are four species (Agrilus (Diplolophotus) desertus (Klug, 1829), Agrilus (Micragrilus) lituratus (Klug, 1829), Agrilus purpuratus (Klug, 1829), Agrilus (Agrilomorpha) venosus Gory & Laporte, 1837, two from Buprestinae (Chrysobothris (Chrysobothris) parvipunctata Obenberger, 1914, Melanophila cuspidata (Klug, 1829)) and one from Chrysochroinae (Paratassa arabica Bílý & Volkovitsh, 1996).
PERAN HAKIM AGUNG SEBAGAI PEMBARU HUKUM UNTUK MEWUJUDKAN PENGADILAN YANG BERSIH
Authors: - Taqwaddin
Published: February 2021

Tulisan ini membahas peranan Hakim Agung sebagai pembaru hokum untuk mewujudkan pengadilan yang bersih. Pembahasannya menggunakan teori Roscoe Pound dan Mochtar Kusumaatmadja, yaitu fungsi hokum sebagai sarana pembaharuan masyarakat. Beberapa strategi yang dapat dilakukan oleh Hakim Agung untuk mewujudkan pengadilan yang besih adalah : perekrutan calon hakim haris bersih dan berkualitas, perlunya peningkatan kualitas dan kecendekiawanan hakim, putusan hakim harus mengutamakan pada kemanfaatan dan rasa keadilan, penguatan pengawasan, dan pembenahan manajemen peradilan.Â Kata kunci : Hakim Agung, Pembaruan Hukum, Pengadilan yang BersihÂ
REFORMASI POLITIK HUKUM PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN YANG BERWATAK RESPONSIF
Authors: Marpaung Lintje Anna
Published: February 2021

Hukum tidak dapat selalu dilihat sebagai penjamin kepastian hukum, penegak hak-hak masyarakat, atau penjamin keadilan. Banyak sekali peraturan hukum yang tumpul, tidak emmpan memotong kesewenang-wenangan, tidak mampu menegakkan keadilan dan tidak dapat menampilkan dirinya sebagai pedoman yang harus diikuti dalam menyelesaikan berbagai kasus yang seharusnya bias dijawab oleh hukum. Bahkan banyak produk hukum yang lebih banyak diwarnai oleh kepentingan-kepentingan politik pemegang kekuasaan dominan.Pancasila merupakan landasan awal dari politik hokum dan peraturan perundang-undangan, karena hal ini dimaksudkan agar kebijakan dan strategi (politik) hokum dan peraturan perundang-undangan sejalan sesuai dengan nilai-nilai yang berlaku dalam masyarakat Indonesia dengan tetap membuka diri terhadap berbagai hal-hal yang baik yang merupakan hasil perubahan yang terjadi dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa, dan bernegara baik di lingkungan pergaulan nasional maupun internasional dan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 merupakan landasan formal dan materiil konstitusional.Dari beberapa kebijakan yang menjadi landasan politik hukum dan politik peraturan perundang-undangan sebagaimana yang telah diuraikan diatas, menggambarkan betapa penting dan strategisnya fungsi perencanaan pembangunan dan politik peraturan perundang-undangan (hokum) sebagai salah satu wujud pembangunan substansi hokum (legal substance) untuk mencapai tujuan dan mewujudkan penyusunan peraturan perundang-undangan yang efektif, responsive, dan demokratif dalam rangka pembangunan sistem hokum nasional secara keseluruhan yang meliputi pembangunan berbagai subsistem hokum yang saling terkait yaitu pembangunan struktur hokum, substansi hokum, serta budaya atau kesadaran hokum masyarakat dan menempatkan supremasi hokum secara strategis sebagai landasan dan perekat pembangunan di bidang lainnya.Pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan yang baik, berkualitas, dan sejalan dengan sosio-kultur masyarakat hanya dapat diwujudkan bila dilakukan secara terencana, sistematis, dan terpadu.Setiap upaya dalam melahirkan produk-produk hokum yang berkarakter responsive harus dimulai dari upaya demokratisasi dalam kehidupan politik untuk mencapai tujuan dan mewujudkan penyusunan peraturan perundang-undangan yang efektif, responsive, dan demokratif dalam kerangka pembangunan sistem hukum nasional.Kata kunci: reformasi, politik hokum, berwatak responsive.
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Anak Korban Tindak Pidana
Authors: Safrijal Airi , Amanda Rizki
Published: February 2021

Article 15 letter f of Law Number 35 of 2014 on Child Protection states that every child has the right to get protection against sexual crimes. Legal protection for child victims of sexual crimes has been given but not fully due to lack of information and economic factors, The form of protection provided for child sexual victims is, (1) separating children from the defendant at trial, (2) names of children are obscured, (3) recovery child trauma, and (4) medical needs are sought if needed.
Organization of university space and everyday life of its inhabitants: the activities of S. S. Uvarov regarding the St. Petersburg University and its predecessors in 1811-1821.
Authors:   Institute ofHistory of Saint-Petersburg State University, Pustovojt Ivan S. , Zhukovskaya Tatyana N. ,   Institute ofHistory of Saint-Petersburg State University
Published: February 2021

The article considers the activities of the Curator of the St. Petersburg educational district S.S. Uvarov in the reorganization of education at the Pedagogical Institute with a view to transforming it into a university. Based on archival materials of departmental and university office work, the stages of creating the intellectual and material base of the future university are presented: the acquisition and reconstruction of buildings, including the building of Twelve collegiums, the creation of new departments, the establishment of laboratories, the improvement of life, and the fight against diseases and mortality among students.
Two new species of the genera Islamia and Mercuria (Gastropoda, Hydrobiidae) from Morocco
Authors: Mabrouki Youness , Glöer Peter , Taybi Abdelkhaleq Fouzi
Published: February 2021

Two new hydrobiid species Islamia karawiyiensis n. sp and Mercuria atlasica n. sp. are described here from Fez prefecture of Morocco. Samples were collected in 2020. Photos of the holotypes are presented in addition to the penis morphology of the new Mercuria. The map of the sampling area with the type locality and the habitat description are given.
Good nouns, naughty verbs: How French borrowings receive grammatical tones in Guinean Kpelle
Authors: Konoshenko Maria
Published: February 2021

The paper discusses how modern French loan nouns and verbs are morphophonologically adapted into Guinean Kpelle (Southwestern Mande), with a special focus on tone. To date, studies of prosodic loanword adaption from stress to tone languages have mainly focused on lexical tone assignment, largely neglecting other phenomena. This study contributes to the discussion by describing primary tone assignment of French loanwords in Guinean Kpelle, and, crucially, by exploring how loan words behave with respect to other complex morphophonological phenomena, mainly, prefixal and replacive grammatical tones, consonant alternations, and surface tone rules. My data suggest that loan nouns perfectly follow native Guinean Kpelle rules, whereas loan verbs have a distinct replacive {HL} morphological marker corresponding to {L} in native verbs. Distinct prosodic marking of loan verbs in Guinean Kpelle broadens our understanding of loanword typology, as well as of grammatical tone.
“Infinitive” class 15 in Dabida
Authors: Makeeva Nadezhda , Ryabova Irina
Published: February 2021

The paper deals with the morphosyntactic properties of infinitives in the Dabida language. As in the majority of Bantu languages, Dabida infinitives are allocated to noun class 15 by virtue of their morphological structure, in particular, the nominal prefix ku-. Nevertheless, from the morphosyntactic point of view infi nitives demonstrate a number of nominal and verbal properties that reveal their dual nature. Although these properties are not usually attested in the same ku- form thus contrasting the two uses, there are, however, syntactic positions where both verbal and nominal features are exhibited at once.
The hunter, the crocodile, and the hare: Five days of Antonina Ivanovna Koval’s field work in 1993
Authors: Kibrik Andrej A.
Published: February 2021

This paper is a commented publication of several sessions of field work conducted by the leading African linguist Antonina Ivanovna Koval back in 1993. This work was associated with preparing polylingual tales in different dialects and varieties of Pulaar-Fulfulde. In the course of that work Antonina I. Koval obtained two versions of the tale in the Dalaba variety of the Fuuta-Jaloo dialect, along with a large amount of concomitant linguistic, sociolinguistic and other information. The character of that work, refl ected in the document published herein, is of substantial methodological interest.
Patrimonio urbano y heráldica gentilicia de la hidalguía albacetense a través de los Cantos Barnuevo y los Carrasco
Authors: Valero de la Rosa Elvira
Published: February 2021

Reconstructing the history of El Rosario inn, before it was lodging, has brought us to its true owners: The Pando Barnuevo family, nobles in whose union converge several branches of the most ancient local nobility: Los Cantos, from Albacete, and Barnuevo or Barrionuevo from Chinchilla. Investigating notarial protocols we have discovered other main houses of the family such as the one known as the Marquis of Montortal house that disappeared at the beginning of the 20th century and that presented a beautiful quartered shield, whose fields have been known almost entirely thanks to the military orders archives.
PELUANG PENERAPAN FPIC SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN HUKUM PROGRESIF UNTUK MELINDUNGI HAK MASYARAKAT ADAT DALAM KEGIATAN USAHA MINYAK DAN GAS BUMI
Authors: Nidasari Nisa Istiqomah
Published: February 2021

AbstrakPengadaan tanah untuk kegiatan industri minyak dan gas bumi merupakan kegiatan strategis yang diprioritaskan negara atas nama ‘kepentingan umum’.  Tidak jarang, pengadaan tersebut merampas hak tenurial masyarakat adat demi menyediakan lahan bagi perusahaan  untuk melakukan eksplorasi dan eksploitasi. Padahal fungsi tanah bagi masyarakat adat tidak hanya sebagai tempat tinggal saja, tetapi juga sebagai tempat peribadatan, sumber mata pencaharian serta bagian dari budaya dan warisan leluhur yang harus dipertahankan dan dilestarikan. Hak masyarakat adat terhadap tanah ulayat juga dilindungi oleh berbagai instrumen hukum nasional dan internasional.Salah satu prosedur yang dapat memberikan perlindungan terhadap hak-hak fundamental masyarakat adat adalah FPIC (Free, Prior and Informed Consent) atau PADIATAPA (Persetujuan Atas Dasar Informasi Awal Tanpa Paksaan). Secara khusus, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjawab pokok permasalahan sebagai berikut: Pertama, mengapa FPIC dapat menjadi instrumen hukum progresif untuk melindungi hak-hak masyarakat adat dalam kegiatan usaha migas? Kedua, bagaimana FPIC dapat meningkatkan kepastian hukum bagi investasi di sektor migas? Ketiga, bagaimana strategi untuk menerapkan FPIC dalam kebijakan pengadaan tanah untuk industri migas di Indonesia? AbstractLand clearing for  oil and gas industry is deemed as a strategic activity that is prioritized in the name of ‘Public Interest’. In many cases, such land clearing confiscated the land tenure of indigenous peoples to give space for oil companies conducting exploration and exploitation. This is unacceptable for indigenous peoples because not only they often depend on their customary land for their livelihoods and residence, but also because it has strong cultural and often spiritual significance. The rights of indigenous peoples over their customary land is protected under national and international legal frameworks.One of the procedure that shall gives a protection over the fundamental rights of Indigenous Peoples is FPIC (Free and Prior Informed Consent). In the business perspective, FPIC will increase the legal certainty for invesment as it provides the companies with social license to extract. Specifically, this paper will address the following questions: First, how FPIC could be a progressive legal instrument to protect Indigenous Peoples rights in the activity of oil and gas? Second, how FPIC could increase the legal certainty for investment in oil and gas industry? Third, what are the strategies to apply FPIC in the land clearing policy for oil and gas industry in Indonesia?
GUGATAN WARGA NEGARA (STUDI KASUS: GERAKAN SAMARINDA MENGGUGAT
Authors: Alamanda Rizkita
Published: February 2021

AbstrakPerubahan iklim bukan lagi menjadi sebuah omong kosong, kenyataan bahwa bumi semakin panas dan ancaman atas dampak perubahan iklim telah menjadi nyata. Pergeseran musim mengakibatkan kegagalan dalam bercocok tanam, kenaikan permukaan air laut mengancam keberadaan negara-negara kepulauan kecil. Banjir dan kekeringan adalah sebagian kecil dari dampak perubahan iklim yang telah nyata dirasakan. Bumi semakin panas, para ahli dalam Laporan IPCC WG I AR 5 semakin yakin bahwa penyebab perubahan iklim adalah akibat aktivitas manusia. Pertanyaan yang kemudian muncul adalah siapa yang bertanggung jawab atas kerusakan dan kerugian yang diderita akibat dampak perubahan iklim? Di Indonesia, Gugatan Warga Negara menjadi salah satu bentuk litigasi yang menjadi alternatif penyelesaian dampak perubahan iklim yang dirasakan oleh masyarakat. Abstract Climate change is not longer became an issue, we are facing the fact that earth is getting warmer and the impact of climate change is become real. The season changed, and affected the crops failure. The raising sea level threatening the existence of small islands. Flood and drought are simply the several impact of climate change that has been perceived. Earth is getting warmer, the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report of Working Group I ensure the main cause of climate change is from anthropogenic activities. The question that arose later is who will be responsible for any damage of the climate change impact? Citizen Law Suit in Indonesia has become one of litigation form that can be an alternative solution of climate change impacts in civil society.
Sistem Informasi Pelayanan Jasa New Baby Born Berbasis Web Pada Rumah Sakit Melati Tangerang
Authors: Rochman Abdur , Sidik Achmad , Kahfiansyah Imam
Published: February 2021

Layanan perawatan dengan media online adalah interaksi antara informatika medis, kesehatan masyarakat, dan bisnis. Sistem Informasi Pelayanan Jasa New Baby Born Berbasis Web adalah salah satu sistem layanan masyarakat khusus dalam perawatan bayi baru lahir dengan media online dan layanan Sistem Informasi Pelayanan Jasa New Baby born Berbasis Web memiliki beberapa fitur, termasuk pendaftaran pasien online dengan mengurangi waktu antrian dan menyediakan beberapa informasi tentang layanan bayi baru lahir. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, peneliti berniat menyelesaikan masalah yang dihadapi masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu sistem informasi berbasis web yang dapat membantu masalah tersebut. Pembuatan sistem web ini menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP, database MySQL, server web Apache, dan editor teks Sublime Text. Sistem ini menggunakan sistem pemodelan UML, pemodelan UML yang digunakan adalah diagram use case, diagram aktivitas, diagram urutan, dan diagram kelas.
Film Animasi 3D “Pemuda yang Hatinya Bergantung pada Masjid”
Authors: Sirumapea Agustinus , Ramdhan Syaipul , Aisah Siti
Published: February 2021

Film animasi sudah banyak digunakan menjadi sarana pembelajaran, hiburan dan untuk kepentingan informasi yang lebih menarik dan efisien. Media informasi yang memberikan visual yang lebih mudah di pahami menjadikan animasi banyak di gunakan dalam berita, film, dan iklan. Film animasi juga dapat memotivasi masyarakat termasuk kalangan anak muda. Pemuda dalam islam adalah harapan, tumpuan umat dalam meneruskan perjuangan nabi, maka ketika pemuda disatukan dengan masjid maka akan menjadi sesuatu yang sangat luar biasa. Animasi ini dibuat menggunakan aplikasi Blender dengan tahapan menganalisis kebutuhan, modelling, rigging, animasi, rendering, finishing, dan editing. Animasi ini didukung dengan desain model yang dibuat realistis, juga disertai backsound. Sistem dibangun dan dirancang menggunakan blender 2.77, Adobe After Efect dan Adobe Premier Pro sebagai pengolah video.
Alat Ukur Tinggi dan Berat Badan Berbasis Arduino Uno
Authors: Agusli Rachmat , Tullah Rahmat , Karisma Naufal
Published: February 2021

Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) adalah formula yang berasal dari berat badan (kg) / tinggi (m2) yang dapat digunakan untuk menentukan seberapa besar seseorang dapat terpapar risiko penyakit kardiovaskular. Kegemukan dan obesitas (BMI abnormal) dapat menyebabkan banyak penyakit dyslipidemia serta menyebabkan perubahan dari  struktur pembuluh darah d dimana Struktur ini sangat  berperan penting dalam sistem vaskular yaitu sel endotel (penting dalam proses homeostasis). Jika terjadi kerusakan, maka mengakibatkan sel endotel dilepaskan dari dinding lumen kemudian diedarkan dalam darah dan disebut Circulating endothelial.  Ttujuan penelitian ini penulis ingin membuat alat yang dapat membantu untuk mengetahui berat ideal dengan menggunakan metode prototype mikrokontroler Aarduino Uno dan beberapa komponen lainnya seperti Sensor Load cell dan Ultrasonik. Adanya alat ini diharapkan dapat mengurangi terjadinya penyakit obesitas dan juga beberapa penyakit yang terkait  massa berat badan.
‘Why Not Wax as Well as Wane?’ A Review of Michael O’Neill’s Last Two Poetry Collections
Authors: Dowling Gregory
Published: February 2021

This review of Michael O’Neill’s last two poetry collections,
Return of the Gift
and
Crash & Burn
, explores the way the poet recounts the painful experiences of his fatal cancer and its treatment. The review considers the way literature proves a source of consolation, as do the support and love of friends and family. The two collections also contain moving reminiscences of previous travels to favourite places like Venice and Malta. The review concludes by considering O’Neill’s translation from
Il Purgatorio
, in which he continues the translation of Canto 28 left unfinished by Shelley; this translation is therefore a way of engaging with two poets who have meant a great deal to O’Neill, as well as with the ancient classics, since Canto 28 is the moment when Dante takes leave of his guide and mentor, Virgil.
INVERSE PROBLEMS FOR A GENERALIZED SUBDIFFUSION EQUATION WITH FINAL OVERDETERMINATION
Authors: Janno Jaan , Kinash Nataliia
Published: February 2021

We consider two inverse problems for a generalized subdiffusion equation that use the final overdetermination condition. Firstly, we study a problem of reconstruction of a specific space-dependent component in a source term. We prove existence, uniqueness and stability of the solution to this problem. Based on these results, we consider an inverse problem of identification of a space-dependent coefficient of a linear reaction term. We prove the uniqueness and local existence and stability of the solution to this problem.
FIR-luminous [C ii] Emitters in the ALMA-SCUBA-2 COSMOS Survey (AS2COSMOS): The Nature of Submillimeter Galaxies in a 10 Comoving Megaparsec-scale Structure at z ∼ 4.6
Authors: Mitsuhashi I. , Matsuda Y. , Smail Ian , Hayatsu N. H. , Simpson J. M. , Swinbank A. M. , Umehata H. , Dudzevičiūtė U. , Birkin J. E. , Ikarashi S. , Chen Chian-Chou , Tadaki K. , Yajima H. , Harikane Y. , Inami H. , Chapman S. C. , Hatsukade B. , Iono D. , Bunker A. , Ao Y. , Saito T. , Ueda J. , Sakamoto S.
Published: February 2021

We report the discovery of a 10 comoving megaparsec (cMpc)-scale structure traced by massive submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) at z ∼ 4.6. These galaxies are selected from an emission line search of ALMA Band 7 observations targeting 184 luminous submillimeter sources (S
850μm ≥ 6.2 mJy) across 1.6 degrees2 in the COSMOS field. We identify four [C ii] emitting SMGs and two probable [C ii] emitting SMG candidates at z = 4.60–4.64 with velocity-integrated signal-to-noise ratio of S/N > 8. Four of the six emitters are near-infrared blank SMGs. After excluding one SMG whose emission line is falling at the edge of the spectral window, all galaxies show clear velocity gradients along the major axes that are consistent with rotating gas disks. The estimated rotation velocities of the disks are 330–550 km s−1 and the inferred host dark-matter halo masses are ∼2–8 × 1012
M
⊙. From their estimated halo masses and [C ii] luminosity function, we suggest that these galaxies have a high (50%–100%) duty cycle and high (∼0.1) baryon conversion efficiency (SFR relative to baryon accretion rate), and that they contribute ≃2% to the total star formation rate density at z = 4.6. These SMGs are concentrated within just 0.3% of the full survey volume, suggesting they are strongly clustered. The extent of this structure and the individual halo masses suggest that these SMGs will likely evolve into members of a ∼1015
M
⊙ cluster at z = 0. This survey reveals a synchronized dusty starburst in massive halos at z > 4, which could be driven by mergers or fed by smooth gas accretion.
On the Nature of GW190814 and Its Impact on the Understanding of Supranuclear Matter
Authors: Tews Ingo , Pang Peter T. H. , Dietrich Tim , Coughlin Michael W. , Antier Sarah , Bulla Mattia , Heinzel Jack , Issa Lina
Published: February 2021

The observation of a compact object with a mass of 2.50–2.67M
⊙ on 2019 August 14, by the LIGO Scientific and Virgo collaborations (LVC) has the potential to improve our understanding of the supranuclear equation of state. While the gravitational-wave analysis of the LVC suggests that GW190814 likely was a binary black hole system, the secondary component could also have been the heaviest neutron star observed to date. We use our previously derived nuclear-physics-multimessenger astrophysics framework to address the nature of this object. Based on our findings, we determine GW190814 to be a binary black hole merger with a probability of >99.9%. Even if we weaken previously employed constraints on the maximum mass of neutron stars, the probability of a binary black hole origin is still ∼81%. Furthermore, we study the impact that this observation has on our understanding of the nuclear equation of state by analyzing the allowed region in the mass–radius diagram of neutron stars for both a binary black hole or neutron star–black hole scenario. We find that the unlikely scenario in which the secondary object was a neutron star requires rather stiff equations of state with a maximum speed of sound

times the speed of light, while the binary black hole scenario does not offer any new insight.
A Deep Search for Emission from “Rock Comet” (3200) Phaethon at 1 au
Authors: Ye 叶泉 Quanzhi 志 , Knight Matthew M. , Kelley Michael S. P. , Moskovitz Nicholas A. , Gustafsson Annika , Schleicher David
Published: February 2021

We present a deep imaging and spectroscopic search for emission from (3200) Phaethon, a large near-Earth asteroid that appears to be the parent of the strong Geminid meteoroid stream, using the 4.3 m Lowell Discovery Telescope. Observations were conducted on 2017 December 14–18 when Phaethon passed only 0.07 au from the Earth. We determine the 3σ upper level of dust and CN production rates to be 0.007–0.2 kg s−1 and 2.3 × 1022 molecules s−1 through narrowband imaging. A search in broadband images taken through the SDSS r′ filter shows no 100 m class fragments in Phaethon’s vicinity. A deeper but star-contaminated search also shows no sign of fragments down to 15 m. Optical spectroscopy of Phaethon and comet C/2017 O1 (ASASSN) as a comparison confirms the absence of cometary emission lines from Phaethon and yields 3σ upper levels of CN, C2, and C3 of ∼1024–1025 molecules s−1, 2 orders of magnitude higher than the CN constraint placed by narrowband imaging, due to the much narrower on-sky aperture of the spectrographic slit. We show that narrowband imaging could provide an efficient way to look for weak gas emission from near-extinct bodies near the Earth, though these observations require careful interpretation. Assuming Phaethon’s behavior is unchanged, our analysis shows that the DESTINY+ mission, currently planning to explore Phaethon in 2026, may not be able to directly detect a gas coma.
The Sizes and Albedos of Centaurs 2014 YY49 and 2013 NL24 from Stellar Occultation Measurements by RECON
Authors: Strauss Ryder H. , Leiva Rodrigo , Keller John M. , Wilde Elizabeth , Buie Marc W. , Weryk Robert J. , Kavelaars JJ , Bridges Terry , Wasserman Lawrence H. , Trilling David E. , Ainsworth Deanna , Anthony Seth , Baker Robert , Bardecker Jerry , Bean James K , Bock Stephen , Chase Stefani , Dean Bryan , Frei Chessa , George Tony , Gill Harnoorat , Gimple H. Wm. , Givot Rima , Hopfe Samuel E. , Cota Juan M. , Kehrli Matthew , King Rebekah , L. Haley Sean , Lara Charisma , Lund Nels , Mattes Martin L. , McCandless Keitha , McCrystal Delsie , McRae Josh , Rodriguez Melgarejo Leonardo Emmanuel , Mendoza Paola , Miller Alexandra , Norfolk Ian R. , Palmquist Bruce , Reaves Robert D. , Rivard Megan L , von Schalscha Michael , Schar Ramsey , Stoffel Timothy J , Swanson Diana J. , Thompson Doug , Wise J. A. , Woods Levi , Yang Yuehai
Published: February 2021

In 2019, the Research and Education Collaborative Occultation Network (RECON) obtained multiple-chord occultation measurements of two Centaur objects: 2014 YY49 on 2019 January 28 and 2013 NL24 on 2019 September 4. RECON is a citizen-science telescope network designed to observe high-uncertainty occultations by outer solar system objects. Adopting circular models for the object profiles, we derive a radius

km and a geometric albedo

for 2014 YY49 and a radius

km and a geometric albedo

for 2013 NL24. To the precision of these measurements, no atmosphere or rings are detected for either object. The two objects measured here are among the smallest distant objects measured with the stellar occultation technique. In addition to these geometric constraints, the occultation measurements provide astrometric constraints for these two Centaurs at a higher precision than has been feasible by direct imaging. To supplement the occultation results, we also present an analysis of color photometry from the Pan-STARRS surveys to constrain the rotational light curve amplitudes and spectral colors of these two Centaurs. We recommend that future work focus on photometry to more deliberately constrain the objects’ colors and light curve amplitudes and on follow-on occultation efforts informed by this astrometry.
Correlation between Interleukin-6 Levels and Total PANSS Scores in Batak People with Schizophrenia
Authors: Lumbantoruan Suniaty Dapotria , Effendy Elmeida , Amin Mustafa M.
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is an illness characterized by distorted thoughts, hallucinations, and reduced ability to feel normal emotions, and this has been linked to immunity, environment, and heredity factors. The particular interest in this context is the stimulating effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines on dopamine, noradrenaline synthesis, and release.
AIM: The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between interleukin (IL)-6 levels and total PANSS scores in people with schizophrenia from the Batak tribe.
METHODS: This study was a numeric-numeric correlation analytic study. The research subjects were 47 inpatients (n = 47) at Prof. M. Ildrem Mental Hospital Medan, Indonesia, who were diagnosed based on the criteria of the international classification of disease-10 in the acute phase of treatment aged 15–45 years. IL-6 levels were obtained from blood serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis used the statistical package for the social science software.
RESULTS: The study found that there was a positive correlation between IL-6 levels and total PANSS scores in Batak people with schizophrenia (p = 0.001; r = 0.657); IL-6 levels and positive symptom (p = 0.001; r = 0.696); and IL-6 levels and negative symptom (p = 0.001; r = 0.532). However, there was no correlation between IL-6 levels and general psychopathological scores in Batak people with schizophrenia.
CONCLUSION: There was a correlation between IL-6 levels and the total PANSS score, positive symptom scores, and negative symptom scores in people with schizophrenia from the Batak tribe.
Chemical food safety hazards of insects reared for food and feed
Authors: Meyer A.M. , Meijer N. , Hoek-van den Hil E.F. , van der Fels-Klerx H.J.
Published: February 2021

Insects are a promising future source of sustainable proteins within a circular economy. Proving the safety of insects for food and feed is necessary prior to supplying them to the market. This literature review provides a state-of-the-art overview of the chemical food safety hazards for insects reared for food and feed, focusing mainly on transfer of contaminants from the substrate. Contaminants covered are: heavy metals, dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, veterinary drugs, mycotoxins, and plant toxins. The twelve insect species reported as having the largest potential as feed and food in the EU are included. Transfer and bioaccumulation of contaminants depend on the chemical, insect species, life stage, and source of contaminant (spiked vs natural), as well as the particular substrate and rearing conditions. The heavy metals lead, arsenic, mercury, and cadmium can accumulate, whereas mycotoxins and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) seem not to accumulate. Mycotoxins and veterinary drugs could be degraded by insects; their metabolic routes need to be further investigated. Data are generally limited, but in particular for PAHs, plant toxins, and dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls. Further research on chemical safety of different edible insects is therefore warranted.
The impact of management practices to prevent and control mycotoxins in the European food supply chain: MyToolBox project results
Authors: Focker M. , van der Fels-Klerx H.J. , Magan N. , Edwards S.G. , Grahovac M. , Bagi F. , Budakov D. , Suman M. , Schatzmayr G. , Krska R. , de Nijs M.
Published: February 2021

The presence of mycotoxins in cereals has led to large economic losses in Europe. In the course of the European project MyToolBox, prevention and control measures to reduce mycotoxin contamination in cereals were developed. This study aimed to estimate the impact of these prevention and control measures on both the reduction in crop losses and the increased volume of crops suitable for food and/or feed. It focused on the following measures: the use of fungicides during wheat cultivation, the use of resistant maize cultivars and/or biocontrol during maize cultivation, the use of real time sensors in storage silos, the use of innovative milling strategies during the pasta making process, and the employment of degrading enzymes during the process of bioethanol and Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles (DDGS) production. The impact assessment was based on the annual volume of cereals produced, the annual levels of mycotoxin contamination, and experimental data on the prevention and control measures collected in the course of the MyToolBox project. Results are expressed in terms of reduced volumes of cereals lost, or as additional volumes of cereals available for food meeting the current European legal limits. Results showed that a reduction in crop losses as well as an increase in the volume of crops suitable as food and/or feed is feasible with each proposed prevention or control measure along the supply chain. The impact was the largest in areas and in years with the highest mycotoxin contamination levels but would have less impact in years with low mycotoxin levels. In further research, the impact assessment may be validated using future data from more years and European sites. Decision makers in the food and feed supply chain can use this impact assessment to decide on the relevant prevention and control strategies to apply.
Aflatoxin production byAspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus on deoiled ground nyjer seeds
Authors: Gizachew D. , Chang C.-H. , Szonyi B. , Ting W.E.
Published: February 2021

Nyjer seeds are oil rich (35-40% oil content) seeds of the plantGuizotia abyssinica, which is closely related to sunflower. They are pressed mechanically for cooking oil in Ethiopia and elsewhere. The remaining deoiled cake, which contains approximately 10% oil is commonly used as animal feed. This study investigated the effect of water activity and temperature on the growth and aflatoxin production of the four main forms of aflatoxin (B1, B2, G1 and G2) byAspergillus flavus andAspergillus parasiticus on ground nyjer seed with 10% oil. The ground nyjer seeds were adjusted to different water activity aw levels (0.82, 0.86, 0.90, 0.94 and 0.98 aw) and incubated at 20, 27 and 35 °C, up to 30 days. Our results show thatA. flavus andA. parasiticus had similar growth patterns in which the slowest fungal growth occurred on ground seeds with 0.86 aw at 20 °C. There was no fungal growth for eitherA. flavus orA. parasiticus at 0.82 aw. The most rapid growth conditions forA. flavus andA. parasiticus were 0.94 aw at 35 °C, and 0.94 aw at 20 °C, respectively.Aspergillus flavus produced aflatoxins (13 μg/kg aflatoxin B1) only on seeds with 0.94 aw at 27 °C, whileA. parasiticus produced high levels of aflatoxins under several conditions; the highest concentrations of aflatoxin B1 (175 μg/kg) and AFG1 (153 μg/kg) were produced on deoiled ground seeds with 0.94 aw at 27 °C. It is likely that storing ground deoiled nyjer seeds with a water activity up to 0.82 aw at 20 °C will reduce fungal growth aflatoxin production.
Toward a Critical Theory of Transformative Learning
Authors: Fleming Ted
Published: February 2021

This article explores how key ideas from the critical theory of Oskar Negt can be utilized to address critiques and further enhance Mezirow's theory of transformative learning. The implications of Negt's work on the dialectical nature of experience are identified. So too are the connections he makes between experience, social structures, and social change. Both Dewey and Mezirow build on the importance of experience for learning and education and their work will be re-framed and so contribute to the development of a Negt-inspired critical theory of transformative learning. In addition, ideas such as exemplary learning and competences are taken from Negt in a project that makes transformation theory more cognisant of the perceived missing social dimension in Mezirow's work. Mezirow commenced the task of creating a critical theory of transformative learning, and this paper continues the project. Implications for biographical/narrative research are identified.
Using 360-Video Virtual Reality to Influence Caregiver Emotions and Behaviors for Childhood Literacy
Authors: Radu Iulian , Dede Chris , Seyam Mohamed Raouf , Feng Tianyi , Chung Michelle
Published: February 2021

Through the design and exploratory evaluation of a narrative-based 360-video virtual reality experience, the authors aimed at building empathy in adults towards children who experience challenges in early literacy. This contributes to a limited literature on VR empathetic design by specifically studying caregivers in relation to reading difficulties and utilizing a low-cost immersive medium. This research performed a quasi-experimental pilot study following a pretest-posttest design with 27 participants, collecting measures such as participant empathy, anxiety, immersion, and emotional reactions. This paper explored changes in pre-post measures, correlations between variables, and possible explanations for the observed results. The VR experience increased positive caregiver attitudes towards struggling readers. Participants who reported a high degree of emotional reactions showed increased willingness to donate to help reading difficulties. Participants with teaching experience or with lower starting empathy scores were less likely to be affected.
CD40 Agonist Overcomes T Cell Exhaustion Induced by Chronic Myeloid Cell IL-27 Production in a Pancreatic Cancer Preclinical Model
Authors: Burrack Adam L. , Rollins Meagan R. , Spartz Ellen J. , Mesojednik Taylor D. , Schmiechen Zoe C. , Raynor Jackson F. , Wang Iris X. , Kedl Ross M. , Stromnes Ingunn M.
Published: February 2021

Pancreatic cancer is a particularly lethal malignancy that resists immunotherapy. In this study, using a preclinical pancreatic cancer murine model, we demonstrate a progressive decrease in IFN-γ and granzyme B and a concomitant increase in Tox and IL-10 in intratumoral tumor-specific T cells. Intratumoral myeloid cells produced elevated IL-27, a cytokine that correlates with poor patient outcome. Abrogating IL-27 signaling significantly decreased intratumoral Tox+ T cells and delayed tumor growth yet was not curative. Agonistic αCD40 decreased intratumoral IL-27–producing myeloid cells, decreased IL-10–producing intratumoral T cells, and promoted intratumoral Klrg1+Gzmb+ short-lived effector T cells. Combination agonistic αCD40+αPD-L1 cured 63% of tumor-bearing animals, promoted rejection following tumor rechallenge, and correlated with a 2-log increase in pancreas-residing tumor-specific T cells. Interfering with Ifngr1 expression in nontumor/host cells abrogated agonistic αCD40+αPD-L1 efficacy. In contrast, interfering with nontumor/host cell Tnfrsf1a led to cure in 100% of animals following agonistic αCD40+αPD-L1 and promoted the formation of circulating central memory T cells rather than long-lived effector T cells. In summary, we identify a mechanistic basis for T cell exhaustion in pancreatic cancer and a feasible clinical strategy to overcome it.
Dexmedetomidine Versus Clonidine as Adjuvants in Epidural Analgesia in Gynecological Laparotomy
Authors: Pratiwi Dewa Ayu Nyoman Isma , Sucandra I Made Agus Kresna , Senapathi Tjokorda Gde Agung
Published: February 2021

Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. If the management of acute postoperative pain is not done properly, it can lead to the complication such as chronic pain. Epidural anesthesia reduces perioperative stress response in surgery, increasing the surgery outcome. Epidural analgesia is one of the potential acute postoperative pain treatments. The administration of α-2 agonists has analgesic and sedative effect when used as adjuvant in epidural analgesia. The administration of α-2 adrenergic agonists' adjuvant can increase the potential duration of analgesia and reduce the local anesthetic dose needed 30%–40% and can reduce the occurrence of the side effects. Dexmedetomidine is one of the most potent and high selective alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists. The use of dexmedetomidine during epidural anesthesia has faster onset and longer motor sensory blockade duration with hemodynamic stability that can be accepted. While clonidine acts as selective partial alpha-2 receptor agonists that cause the analgesic action of alpha-2 receptor in the dorsal of spinal cord. Clonidine has been shown its ability to reduce the local anesthesia needed and improve the pain scores when is combined with bupivacaine 0.125% with or without fentanyl opioid 1–2 μg/mL.
To Determine the Efficacy of Intrathecal Dexmedetomedine and Fentanyl as Adjuvants to Spinal Anesthesia for Lower Abdominal Surgeries Below the Level of Umbilicus - A Prospective Randomized Controlled Double Blinded Study
Authors: Laxmikanth Jadi , Segaran Sivakumar , George Sagiev Koshy , John Ashwin , Johns Jemmie Rachel , Mani Nikita
Published: February 2021

Background:

Spinal anesthesia is widely used regional anesthesia technique; however, postoperative analgesia is a major problem. The duration of analgesia can be prolonged by the addition of intrathecal adjuvants. Hence, this study is aimed to assess the characteristics of spinal block between the groups.

Patients and Methods:

One hundred and twenty-six adult patients were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomized into three groups of 42 in each group by the computer-generated numbers. Group A received 12.5 mg of 0.5% bupivacaine (2.5 ml) + 25 mcg fentanyl (0.5 ml), Group B received 12.5 mg of 0.5% bupivacaine (2.5 ml) + 5 mcg dexmedetomidine (0.1 ml) + 0.4 ml normal saline (NS), and Group C received 12.5 mg of 0.5% bupivacaine (2.5 ml) + 0.5 ml NS. Block characteristics and hemodynamic changes were recorded between the groups.

Results:

Time to achieve sensory block (T10) and motor block (M1) were faster in Group B when compared to Group A and C (P < 0.001). Duration of sensory block and motor block was longer with Group B (450.12 ± 22.295 min and 390.12 ± 22.551 min) when compared to Group A (380.71 ± 13.331 min and 320.71 ± 13.403 min) and Group C (220.10 ± 14.635 min and 180.10 ± 14.355 min). Time for first rescue analgesia was also longer in Group B when compared to Groups A and C (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Intrathecal dexmedetomidine provides effective prolongation of sensory and motor block as adjuvant to hyperbaric bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia.
Anesthesia Management of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in Neonates
Authors: Pranata Harry , Kurniyanta Putu
Published: February 2021

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is an emergency case in neonates. The prevalence of CDH is 1 in 2500 births and occurs 4–8 times more commonly on left side than right side. CDH is usually worsened by pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension. It is characterized by respiratory failure and bowel sound in the chest area and mostly requires surgical procedure. This case report discusses a neonate with congenital left diaphragmatic hernia who underwent surgical procedure to close the defect. Patients present with cyanosis and shortness of breath, are early intubated, and are mechanically ventilated in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). In the present case, the surgical procedure lasted approximately 2 h with general anesthesia, with hemodynamic stability during the surgery. The patient was thereafter intubated and treated at the NICU for close monitoring.
Leprechaunism as Initial Presentation in French Canadian Type of Leigh Disease in a Neonate
Authors: Poonia Anil Kumar , Garhwal Suchitra , Chaturvedi Anupam
Published: February 2021

French Canadian type of Leigh syndrome (LSFC) presents with various neurological manifestations such as mental retardation, dysmorphic facies, hypotonia, ataxia, and have high risk of mortality. Leprechaunism is manifest as persistent hyperglycemia because of extreme insulin resistance. Our case is unique as the association of leprechaunism and LSFC is not documented in any literature. We hereby report a case of leprechaunism as initial presentation in LSFC.