bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Palatal Schwannoma: An Analysis of 45 Literature Reports and of an Illustrative Case
Authors: Dokania Vivek , Rajguru Anagha , Mayashankar Vishwakarma , Mukherjee Indranil , Jaipuria Bhagyashree , Shere Devika
Published: July 2019

Introduction Schwannomas are benign tumors originating from differentiated Schwann cells. Being the least common intraoral neoplasm of neural origin, it is rarely seen in the palate. The literature lacks an extensive review of intraoral schwannoma confined to the palate.

Objective To review previously reported cases of palatal schwannoma along with an illustrative case, and to provide a better insight regarding clinicopathological and radiological features of this neural tumor in a rare intraoral site.

Data Synthesis We present a case of palatal schwannoma in a 16-year-old female. An additional 45 cases were identified in 2 medical database searches (PubMed and Google Scholar) published from the year 1985 onwards, and from 13 countries, in the 5 continents. The ages of the patients ranged from 3 to 84 years old. Palatal schwannoma showed a slight predilection to females, with a male/female ratio of ∼ 1:1.81. Hard palate involvement is almost twice greater than soft palate involvement. Surgical excision was employed in almost all of the cases, and recurrence was reported only once.

Conclusion Palatal schwannomas, although rare, have been reported both over the hard and the soft palate. They mostly present as a painless, firm, well-encapsulated, slow-growing solitary lesion over the lateral palatal aspect.

Imaging can add to suspicion and can delineate a differential diagnosis, but the diagnosis is confirmed by pathological examination. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is almost always inconclusive. Immunohistochemistry can assist in confirming a diagnosis, but is more important to rule out close differentials. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice, and recurrence or malignant transformation are extremely rare.
Resident Education in Complex Obstetric Procedures: Are We Adequately Preparing Tomorrow's Obstetricians?
Authors: Dotters-Katz Sarah K. , Gray Beverly , Heine Robert Phillips , Propst Katie
Published: July 2019

Objectives The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) milestones for obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) residents include obstetrical technical skills. We sought to describe resident experience with surgical obstetrics and comfort performing procedures independently postgraduation.

Study Design An anonymous 27-question e-survey was sent to OB/GYN residents in United States in March 2018, using the Council of Resident Education in Obstetrics and Gynecology coordinator listserv. Complex obstetric procedures included: forceps-assisted vaginal delivery (FAVD) and vacuum-assisted vaginal delivery (VAVD), cerclage, breech second twin, breech delivery, perineal repairs, and cesarean hysterectomy. Technical skill questions included experience as primary surgeon, comfort performing procedures independently, and for 4th year residents—comfort performing procedures postresidency. Demographic information was queried. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze responses.

Results A total of 417 residents completed the survey. Respondents were 88% female, 75% from academic programs, and 48% postgraduate year 3 and 4. Among all residents, many had been primary surgeon in operative vaginal deliveries (51% FAVD, 72% VAVD), fewer for breech vaginal delivery (21%), breech second twin (34%), cesarean hysterectomy (21%), and 4th degree repairs (37%). All 4th-year respondents stated that they would feel comfortable performing either VAVD or FAVD postresidency. Note that 17, 33, 28, and 74% would not feel comfortable performing a 4th degree repair, cesarean hysterectomy, breech second twin, and breech vaginal delivery, respectively, postresidency.

Conclusion Despite ACGME recommendations, data suggest that many graduating residents may not be comfortable with these complex procedures.
Intensive Care Management Following Endovascular Clot Retrieval for Acute Stroke: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Ma Alice , Moynihan Gerard , Donaldson Lachlan H.
Published: July 2019

There has been an increase in the number of patients requiring ICU care following endovascular clot retrieval (ECR) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The authors’ objective was to systematically assess the evidence surrounding postprocedural care of ECR patients in critical care areas. A systematic literature review was conducted examining the critical care management of adult patients following ECR. The preliminary search results were sorted manually by two authors and conflicts were settled by consensus with a third reviewer. References of key papers were also reviewed for studies meeting the inclusion criteria. In addition, the authors sought to identify all relevant practice guidelines from major neurological and critical care societies. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for cohort studies. Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases, Web of Science, and bibliographies of retrieved articles were searched. Studies were limited to human subjects and English language. Studies specific to the post ECR population were limited. In the initial Medline search, 3,882 papers were returned. A total of 16 studies met the inclusion criteria. There were also 10 practice guidelines from relevant scientific bodies. The level of evidence for postprocedural care was found to be variable and mostly based on expert opinion and data extrapolated from general stroke and postthrombolysis patients. There is limited evidence guiding the postprocedural care of ECR patients. Given the increase in both the availability and application of ECR, trials looking specifically at how best to care for this patient population are needed.
Detour induced by the piston effect in the oscillatory double-diffusive convection of a near-critical fluid
Authors: Hu Zhan-Chao , Lv Wujun , Zhang Xin-Rong
Published: July 2019

The nonlinear oscillatory double-diffusive convection in a thermodynamically near-critical binary fluid layer is investigated to explore the interactions between the piston effect and natural convection in the presence of subcritical bifurcation. The bifurcation diagram of the system is studied. Two subcritical bifurcation branches are depicted, which, together with the trivial branch of pure diffusion, are connected by two hysteresis loops. To understand the role of the piston effect, the Boussinesq counterpart of the near-critical system is considered and compared. Results show that the onset of convection is significantly altered by the piston effect. For the Boussinesq system, the lower boundary layer becomes unstable, brings on finite-amplitude perturbations, and leads to a statistically steady state. However, the near-critical system features a two-stage evolution. In the first stage, the lower boundary layer becomes unstable and then returns to stability. As soon as the temperature field relaxes into the second stage, a change of criterion occurs, and the fluid becomes unstable again. The residual convection motions amplify and finally result in finite-amplitude convection. By this means, the near-critical system becomes insensitive to the existence of the higher equilibrium state in hysteresis loops, and detours relative to the Boussinesq system are observed. This paper gives new insights into the piston effect and its interactions with natural convection from a dynamic system point of view. The conclusions can be extended to other situations where subcritical bifurcations exist.
Mechanical behavior of electroplated mossy lithium at room temperature studied by flat punch indentation
Authors: Wang Yikai , Dang Dingying , Wang Ming , Xiao Xingcheng , Cheng Yang-Tse
Published: July 2019

We report the Young's modulus and deformation behavior of electroplated mossy lithium at room temperature investigated by flat punch indentation inside an argon-filled glovebox. The Young's modulus of the mossy lithium with a porosity of about 62.3% is measured to be about 2 GPa, which is smaller than that (∼7.8 GPa) of bulk lithium. Both the mossy and bulk lithium show clearly an indentation creep behavior. Despite its highly porous microstructure, the impression creep velocity of the mossy lithium is less than one-thirtieth of that of bulk lithium under the same stress. We proposed possible mechanisms for the significantly higher deformation and creep resistance of the mossy lithium over bulk lithium. These findings are key to developing mechanical suppression approaches to improve the cycling stability of lithium metal electrodes.
Main trends in the design of semi-synthetic antibiotics of a new generation
Authors: Olsufyeva Evgenia N. , Yankovskaya Valentina S.
Published: July 2019

This review summarizes main advances achieved by Russian researchers in the synthesis and characterization of semi-synthetic antibiotics of a new generation in the period from 2004 to 2019. The following classes of compounds are considered as the basis for modification: polycyclic antibacterial glycopeptides of the vancomycin group, classical macrolides, antifungal polyene macrolides, the antitumour antibiotic olivomycin A, antitumour anthracyclines and broad-spectrum antibiotics, in particular, oligomycin A, heliomycin and some other. Main trends in the design of modern anti-infective and antitumour agents over this period are considered in relation to original natural antibiotics, which have been independently discovered by Russian researchers. It is shown that a new type of hybrid structures can, in principle, be synthesized based on glycopeptides, macrolides and other antibiotics, including heterodimers containing a new benzoxaborole pharmacophore. The review addresses the influence of the length of the spacer between two antibiotic molecules on the biological activity of hybrid structures. A combination of genetic engineering techniques and methods of organic synthesis is shown to be useful for the design of new potent antifungal antibiotics based on polyenes of the amphotericin B group. Many new semi-synthetic analogues exhibit important biological properties, such as a broad spectrum of activity and low toxicity. Emphasis is given to certain aspects related to investigation of a broad range of biological activity and mechanisms of action of new derivatives.

The bibliography includes 101 references.
Life cycle inventories for the Australian grains sector
Authors: Simmons Aaron T. , Murray Alexandra , Brock Philippa M. , Grant Timothy , Cowie Annette L. , Eady Sandra , Sharma Bharat
Published: July 2019

Grain production is a key source of food globally and is an important agricultural system for the Australian economy. Environmental impacts such as the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) associated with grain production are well documented and the Australian grains industry has strived to ensure ongoing improvement. To facilitate this improvement, the industry funded the development of life cycle inventories to provide broad geographical coverage. Cradle-to-gate inventories for wheat were developed for each of the grains industry agro-ecological zones, and inventories were developed for minor cereal crops (e.g. barley, sorghum), oilseeds (i.e. canola) and legumes where relevant. Data for inventory development were taken from numerous sources and validated by using data collected through interviews with experts in each agro-ecological zone. Inventory data were also collected so that indicators in addition to global-warming impacts could be assessed. Global warming impacts for wheat production ranged from 193 to 567 kg carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2-e) t–1, and global warming impacts were 597–851, 333–361, 169–285 and 74–672 kg CO2-e t–1 for canola, sorghum, barley and grain-legume production, respectively. Results for eutrophication, freshwater ecotoxicity, land-use and abiotic depletion (fossil-fuel use) are also presented.
In situ structures of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inside bluetongue virus before and after uncoating
Authors: He Yao , Shivakoti Sakar , Ding Ke , Cui Yanxiang , Roy Polly , Zhou Z. Hong
Published: July 2019

Bluetongue virus (BTV), a major threat to livestock, is a multilayered, nonturreted member of the
Reoviridae
, a family of segmented dsRNA viruses characterized by endogenous RNA transcription through an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). To date, the structure of BTV RdRp has been unknown, limiting our mechanistic understanding of BTV transcription and hindering rational drug design effort targeting this essential enzyme. Here, we report the in situ structures of BTV RdRp VP1 in both the triple-layered virion and double-layered core, as determined by cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) and subparticle reconstruction. BTV RdRp has 2 unique motifs not found in other viral RdRps: a fingernail, attached to the conserved fingers subdomain, and a bundle of 3 helices: 1 from the palm subdomain and 2 from the N-terminal domain. BTV RdRp VP1 is anchored to the inner surface of the capsid shell via 5 asymmetrically arranged N termini of the inner capsid shell protein VP3A around the 5-fold axis. The structural changes of RdRp VP1 and associated capsid shell proteins between BTV virions and cores suggest that the detachment of the outer capsid proteins VP2 and VP5 during viral entry induces both global movements of the inner capsid shell and local conformational changes of the N-terminal latch helix (residues 34 to 51) of 1 inner capsid shell protein VP3A, priming RdRp VP1 within the capsid for transcription. Understanding this mechanism in BTV also provides general insights into RdRp activation and regulation during viral entry of other multilayered, nonturreted dsRNA viruses.
Airborne concentrations and chemical considerations of radioactive ruthenium from an undeclared major nuclear release in 2017
Authors: Masson O. , Steinhauser G. , Zok D. , Saunier O. , Angelov H. , Babić D. , Bečková V. , Bieringer J. , Bruggeman M. , Burbidge C. I. , Conil S. , Dalheimer A. , De Geer L.-E. , de Vismes Ott A. , Eleftheriadis K. , Estier S. , Fischer H. , Garavaglia M. G. , Gasco Leonarte C. , Gorzkiewicz K. , Hainz D. , Hoffman I. , Hýža M. , Isajenko K. , Karhunen T. , Kastlander J. , Katzlberger C. , Kierepko R. , Knetsch G.-J. , Kövendiné Kónyi J. , Lecomte M. , Mietelski J. W. , Min P. , Møller B. , Nielsen S. P. , Nikolic J. , Nikolovska L. , Penev I. , Petrinec B. , Povinec P. P. , Querfeld R. , Raimondi O. , Ransby D. , Ringer W. , Romanenko O. , Rusconi R. , Saey P. R. J. , Samsonov V. , Šilobritienė B. , Simion E. , Söderström C. , Šoštarić M. , Steinkopff T. , Steinmann P. , Sýkora I. , Tabachnyi L. , Todorovic D. , Tomankiewicz E. , Tschiersch J. , Tsibranski R. , Tzortzis M. , Ungar K. , Vidic A. , Weller A. , Wershofen H. , Zagyvai P. , Zalewska T. , Zapata García D. , Zorko B.
Published: July 2019

Significance

A massive atmospheric release of radioactive
106
Ru occurred in Eurasia in 2017, which must have been caused by a sizeable, yet undeclared nuclear accident. This work presents the most compelling monitoring dataset of this release, comprising 1,100 atmospheric and 200 deposition data points from the Eurasian region. The data suggest a release from a nuclear reprocessing facility located in the Southern Urals, possibly from the Mayak nuclear complex. A release from a crashed satellite as well as a release on Romanian territory (despite high activity concentrations) can be excluded. The model age of the radioruthenium supports the hypothesis that fuel was reprocessed ≤2 years after discharge, possibly for the production of a high-specific activity
144
Ce source for a neutrino experiment in Italy.
A rare glimpse into the Chinese novella
Authors: Hua Meng , Li Jun
Published: July 2019

The Chinese novella has been playing an important role in the evolution of modern Chinese literature. To provide
English readers with a rare glimpse into the heart of contemporary Chinese fictional writing, this paper introduces the content
and style of a book titled By the River: Seven Contemporary Chinese Novellas, and comments on its English
translation from perspectives of a reader. This book is a handsomely recommended production for readers who are interested in
Chinese literature or novellas.
Translating ‘Nation’
Authors: Tsuboi Mutsuko , Saito Mino
Published: July 2019

This article focuses on the Japanese wordskokuminandminzoku, both of which are used to translate ‘nation’ into Japanese, and explores the dynamic aspects of translation practice in the process of Japan’s modernization in the mid-Meiji era (1868–1912). Thekanji(Chinese characters) compoundskokumin(國民) andminzoku(民族) were both coined during the late nineteenth century during the introduction of Western concepts into Japanese society.Kokuminfirst appeared as a translation word at the predawn of Japan’s modernization period and, by the mid-Meiji era, when the alternative translationminzokuemerged,kokuminwas relatively widespread. This paper analyzes texts written by leading intellectuals and journalists in Japan at the time and attempts to contextualize them within their sociocultural and historical background. The analysis indicates that the rise of nationalism around the mid-Meiji era, Japan’s achievement in establishing a modern state and its involvement in territorial expansion in East Asia beginning with the Sino-Japanese war (1894–1895), as well as its simultaneous struggle to unify the Japanese people askokumin, were crucial aspects in determining the use of the alternative translation,minzoku.
Processing implicit and explicit causality in Spanish
Authors: Nadal Laura , Recio Fernández Inés
Published: July 2019

As a basic discourse relation, causality can be
made explicit by means of an argumentative connective, but it can
also be implicitly expressed. In the latter case, experimental
evidence shows that causality is highly predictable in discourse and
can be easily inferred. Therefore, the question arises as to the
actual contribution of causal connectives to utterance processing.
We addressed this issue in an eye tracking reading experiment, and
compared how the presence or absence of the Spanish causal
connective por tanto affects processing in its role
as procedural guide. The results suggest that making the connective
explicit in a consecutive relation already inferable from the
meaning of the lexical expressions in the utterances slows down
processing. In this sense, the nature of connectives as procedural
guides (Relevance Theory, see Blakemore 1987) might be nuanced, since the extent to
which a connective determines processing varies depending on the
type of discourse relation at issue.
The effects of reasoning demands on Chinese EFL learners’ oral performance and cognitive processes
Authors: Xing Jiaxin , Luo Shaoqian
Published: July 2019

Despite their difference in approaches to explaining the accuracy-complexity relationship, the Limited Attention Capacity Hypothesis (Skehan, 1998, 2001, 2009a, 2014) and the Cognition Hypothesis (Robinson, 2001, 2007, 2011) share the assumption that increased cognitive complexity will affect learners’ task performance. Although there has been much research related to the above hypotheses, the findings have not been consistent. In addition, most studies fail to provide empirical evidence of the effects of cognitive complexity on learners’ cognitive processes (Révész, 2014; Skehan, 2014). This chapter aims to explore the effects of reasoning demands on Chinese EFL learners’ oral performance and cognitive processes. Thirty-four participants were asked to complete two narrative tasks with different reasoning demands – one simple and one more complex, under the same planning conditions. Their performance was measured in terms of complexity, accuracy, lexis, and fluency (CALF). Ten participants also engaged in stimulated recall as a means of eliciting reports of their cognitive processes. Results reveal that: (a) reasoning demand does not have a significant effect on learners’ oral performance in terms of CALF; (b) learners show a slightly lower percentage of cognitive processes at the stage of conceptualization and formulation and a higher percentage linked to comprehension/monitoring in the complex task, which might indicate they allocate attention differently in the more demanding task; (c) learners’ fluency in oral performance is likely to be jointly affected by the cognitive processes at all the stages of speech production. Accuracy seems to be most enhanced by learners’ form monitoring at the comprehension stage.
Strategic planning and repetition as metacognitive processes in task performance
Authors: D’Ely Raquel , Mota Mailce Borges , Bygate Martin
Published: July 2019

By manipulating strategic planning and repetition, we investigated the effects of four pre-task conditions – strategic planning, repetition, strategic planning plus repetition and strategic planning for repetition – on the oral production of 47 EFL learners performing a video-based narrative task. In general, Results of ANOVA show an intricate pattern of interaction between pre-task condition and the 4 dimensions of oral performance. The strategic planning for repetition condition exerted a positive and significant impact on learners’ accuracy, complexity, and lexical density at the expense of fluency. The repetition condition had a significant impact on fluency, lexical density, and accuracy, at the expense of complexity. The strategic planning plus repetition condition yielded significant gains only in lexical density. Crucially, the strategic planning condition did not have a significant impact on any of the dimensions of oral performance. Responses to the questionnaires show that learners’ approach to different experimental conditions is idiosyncratic and that a series of variables interact in different ways when learners perform orally in L2. These variables include the nature of the task, learners’ focus of attention during performance, and learners’ effectiveness in implementing and retrieving pre-planned ideas. Nevertheless, in general, the questionnaires show that participants saw strategic planning and repetition as beneficial to their oral performance. Together, our results add evidence to Peter Skehan’s Limited Attention Hypothesis (LAC) (1998) and highlight the importance of combining strategic planning repetition in the training of oral skills.
In situ fabricated metal-carbide with core–shell structure for high impact-toughness iron-matrix composite
Authors: Zhong Lisheng , Bai Haiqiang , Wei Junzhe , Zhu Jianlei , Peng Jianhong , Lu Zhengxin , Xu Yunhua
Published: July 2019

A series of metal-carbide (Ta–TaC, Nb–NbC and W–WC) with core–shell structure for iron-matrix composites are fabricated by in situ solid-phase diffusion. Results show that the formation of metal-carbide with a rod-shaped core–shell structure, in which the metal-rod surface was covered with a carbide shell layer, in the iron- matrix after in situ solid-phase diffusion. The TaC, NbC, and WC shell layers are in situ synthesised by the diffusion of carbon atoms from the iron-matrix onto the surface of the Ta, Nb, and W rods, respectively. Metallurgical integration occurs between metal-carbide and iron-matrix. The metal-carbide-reinforced iron-matrix composites show excellent impact resistance, and the shell-layer hardness is extremely high.
Combination of quadruplex qPCR and next-generation sequencing for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the HIV-1 latent reservoir
Authors: Gaebler Christian , Lorenzi Julio C.C. , Oliveira Thiago Y. , Nogueira Lilian , Ramos Victor , Lu Ching-Lan , Pai Joy A. , Mendoza Pilar , Jankovic Mila , Caskey Marina , Nussenzweig Michel C.
Published: July 2019

HIV-1 infection requires lifelong therapy with antiretroviral drugs due to the existence of a latent reservoir of transcriptionally inactive integrated proviruses. The goal of HIV-1 cure research is to eliminate or functionally silence this reservoir. To this end, there are numerous ongoing studies to evaluate immunological approaches, including monoclonal antibody therapies. Evaluating the results of these studies requires sensitive and specific measures of the reservoir. Here, we describe a relatively high-throughput combined quantitative PCR (qPCR) and next-generation sequencing method. Four different qPCR probes covering the packaging signal (PS), group-specific antigen (gag), polymerase (pol), and envelope (env) are combined in a single multiplex reaction to detect the HIV-1 genome in limiting dilution samples followed by sequence verification of individual reactions that are positive for combinations of any two of the four probes (Q4PCR). This sensitive and specific approach allows for an unbiased characterization of the HIV-1 latent reservoir.
Optimization Of Recharge Well Functions In The Campus Complex Of Uny Yogyakarta
Authors: Purwantara S.
Published: July 2019

The prevalent floods happened in Yogyakarta suburbs is not decreasing but growing every year. The same thing also happens in the campus complex of Yogyakarta State University (UNY) and its surroundings. Some parts of the campus and its surroundings having an area of 56,58 hectares are often flooded when rains occur with somewhat high intensity. This happens because the amount of run-off and drainage channels is imbalance. Also, many the recharge area spaces are diminishing since they have been converted into buildings. How large is the recharge area existing in the complex of UNY? How much is the volume of rainwater that is accommodated in this campus complex? How many recharge wells are needed?.This research aims at investigating the built-up areas and open spaces, rain water volume prediction, and the estimation of the optimal number of recharge wells needed. This research utilizes the rainfall data, built-up area data gathered using satellite imagery, infiltration data, permeability, and the number of recharge well data. The amount of discharge and the estimated volume of rainwater are calculated using a rational method Q = C.I.A. Based on the volume of rainwater, the method can be used to predict the number of recharge wells needed. To determine the depth of recharge wells, the DPU formula H = D.I.At - D.K.As / As + D.K.P is employed. The results show that the recharge area is only 37,80%.Thisnumber is quite small since a lot of space of land that is supposed to be a strategic open space such as parking lot or garden has been converted into concrete and cement construction. The maximum of the rainfall volume at 50 mm / hour is around 28,290 m3. Therefore, based on the calculation, 3,519 units of artificial recharge wells are needed. In fact, the recharge wells built by the campus are only 128 units.
Farmer Communities Conservative Behavior in Each Landscape of Imogiri Subdistrict, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region
Authors: Khotimah N.
Published: July 2019

The Imogiri Subdistrict area has plain, hills and mountain topography which have varied land conditions. The varied land conditions are mostly used for agricultural land. In increasing agricultural production, the farming community in Imogiri Sub-district made efforts to conserve their land. This condition creates a phenomenon that exists in the farming community, namely conservative behavior towards the agricultural land they have in order to increase their agricultural production. The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) the characteristics of agricultural land in each landscape of Imogiri Subdistrict, and (2) the conservative behavior of farming communities in each landscape in the use and management of agricultural land addressing the existing land conditions. The design of this research is quantitative descriptive research. The population of this study was all farmers in Imogiri Subdistrict. The study sample was determined by quota, which is 50 farmers for each landscape, so the total sample was 150 people. The sampling technique is done with randomly. The research data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data collected then tabulated and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that: (1) characteristics of agricultural land: (a) plains dominated by irrigated fields, paddy-paddy-paddy cropping patterns, availability of sufficient water, sources of water from rivers, dominant types of agricultural crops in the form of paddy, (b) hilly dominated by rainfed / dry land, paddy-paddy-palawija cropping patterns, availability of sufficient water, sources of water from rivers and rain, dominant types of agricultural crops in the form of paddy and palawija, (c) mountainous dominated by rainfed paddy fields / dry land, patterns planting paddy-palawija-tobacco, the availability of insufficient / less water, sources of water from rain, dominant types of agricultural crops in the form of paddy, palawija, and tobacco, (2) the conservative behavior of farmers in each landscape varies in intensity; efforts are made to intensify planting and increase production, maintain fertility of paddy fields and care for plants, prevent possible damage to paddy fields due to flooding and drought, and apply mechanical / vegetative conservation methods.
Understanding geomorphological hazard in Watumalang Area post Bisma volcanic era. Denudational or multihazard?
Authors: Ashari A.
Published: July 2019

The combination of endogenous processes in the form of volcanic and mountainous formation with exogenous processes in the form of wet tropical climate produces very complex geomorphological conditions in Java. From this geomorphological complexity there are various kinds of processes that often cause disasters for people’s lives. Watumalang Area in Wonosobo Regency, is one of the regions in Java Island with complex geomorphological conditions. Based on the genesis, this region was formed by volcanic activity in the past, some of which were affected by the structural process. Bisma Volcano is the last part of volcanism in this region that has stopped since thousands of years ago. At this time landform denudation is a dominating process and causes many disasters. However, does the threat of hazard only come from the denudation process? This paper aims to identify the geomorphological conditions of the Watumalang Area and the potential hazard. To achieve these objectives field observations were carried out using geomorphological survey methods. Observations are supported by remote sensing image interpretation, study literature, and documentation. Spatial analysis with a geomorphological approach supported by GIS analysis was used to describe the geomorphological hazard distribution. The results show that the Watumalang area is geomorphologically arranged by structural and volcanic units. The denudation process is so dominant that the potential for geomorphological hazards comes mainly from this process. However, the presence of faults can also trigger earthquakes. Meanwhile the existence of Bisma Volcano which is currently not active does not act as a trigger. In areas with such complex geomorphological conditions, the multihazard approach needs to be prioritized rather than limited to one type of hazard, although one hazard has a tendency to be more dominant.
Farmers Household Multidimentional Level and Its Effect on Participation in Agricultural Land Conservation in Disaster Residents
Authors: Nurhadi  , Suparmini  , Sutrisnowati S A , Septiana M E , Praptiwi N Y
Published: July 2019

This research was carried out in intervolcano basin of Merapi-Merbabu, Sawangan District, Magelang Regency. The purpose of the research are: (2) analyze the level of multidimensional poverty on households of farmers in the area of the intervolcano basin of Merapi-Merbabu, Sawangan District; (2) analyze the effect of multidimensional poverty toward the participation of famers in the conservation farmland in intervolcano basin of Merapi-Merbabu, Sawangan District. To achieve that goal used to descriptive methode with geography approach that is complex of region approach. The population of the research is the whole had of horticulture crops farmer households in the Wonolelo Village, Banyuroto Village, and Ketep Village in Sawangan District. Sampling done by the technique quota random sampling with attention to the widespread mastery of the land. Data were collected through interview, forum group discussion, observation, and documentation. The analysis used is a combination of a descriptive quantitative analysis and statistic analysis, by observing the Multidimensional Poverty in Indonesia Index. The results of this research indicate that: (1) the level of multidimensional poverty of farmer households based on research results of 33% of the 52 respondents that belong to the low; (2) farmer who have experienced multidimensional poverty tends to be more proactive in the conservation of farmland then the farmers who are not experience multidimensional poverty.
Mapping flood risk zone (a case study: Gajah Wong Sub Watershed, Special Region of Yogyakarta)
Authors: Ardiansyah  , Sumunar D. R.S.
Published: July 2019

Gajah Wong Sub Watershed often experiences a flood incidence that has potentials to destroy and cause material loss so that needed an examination on a flood risk. This study’s objective is to map the level of a flood disaster risk zone and its spread in Gajah Wong Sub Watershed, Province of Special Region of Yogyakarta. The study’s method used weighing and scoring method with overlay analysis technique of flood risk parameter attribute data consisting of flood hazard, vulnerability and capacity using Geographic Information System (GIS). It complies with Disaster Prevention-National Agency Head’s Decree No. 02/2012 with modification. Each parameter is modified, weighing and scoring are used to gain values of attribute data. The results of study indicate that flood risk in Sub Watershed Gajah Wong consisted of 3 levels, namely, low level of flood risk having 440.86 ha (89.22%), medium level of flood risk having 157.81 ha (3.20%) and high level of flood risk having 374.25 ha (7.59%). Low level of flood risk widely dominated distribution to upstream zone covering sub-district of Pakem, sub-district of Ngemplak and sub-district of Ngaglik. Medium level of flood risk was distributed to some middle areas and downstream zone covering some sub-districts, such as part of Umbulharjo, part of Kota Gede and part of Banguntapan. While, high level of flood risk was spread in south part of Depok sub-district and north part of Pleret sub-district.
The Reducing Of Potential Hazard In The Shore Tourism; Ternate City
Authors: Muhammad A. , Hastuti
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study is to identify and determine the potential hazards in coastal tourism activities in Ternate City. The method used in this study is quantitative descriptive. The results of the research found prove that Ternate City has potential hazards in coastal tourism activities. The potential hazards are in the form of Tsunamis, Abrasion, changes in ocean currents, Mount Gamalama eruptions, and environmental damage. Ternate City has many potential dangers that can threaten tourists. There needs to be disaster mitigation and the dissemination of potential hazards found in Ternate City, especially in tourism objects.
Validity of Gross–Pitaevskii solutions of harmonically confined BEC gases in reduced dimensions
Authors: Zamora-Zamora R , Domínguez-Castro G A , Trallero-Giner C , Paredes R , Romero-Rochín V
Published: July 2019

By exact numerical solutions of the Gross–Pitaevskii (GP) equation in 3D, we assess the validity of 1D and 2D approximations in the study of Bose–Einstein condensates confined in harmonic trap potentials. Typically, these approximations are performed when one or more of the harmonic frequencies are much greater than the remaining ones, using arguments based on the adiabatic evolution of the initial approximated state. Deviations from the 3D solution are evaluated as a function of both the effective interaction strength and the ratio between the trap frequencies that define the reduced dimension where the condensate is confined. The observables analyzed are both of stationary and dynamical character, namely, the chemical potential, the wave function profiles, and the time evolution of the approximated 1D and 2D stationary states, considered as initial states in the 3D GP equation. Our study, besides setting quantitative limits on approximations previously developed, should be useful in actual experimental studies where quasi-1D and quasi-2D conditions are assumed. From a qualitative perspective, 1D and 2D approximations certainly become valid when the anisotropy is large, but in addition the interaction strength needs to be above a certain threshold.
Nonsteady-state processes in a low-current discharge in airflow and formation of a plasma jet
Authors: Korolev Y D , Nekhoroshev V O , Frants O B , Landl N V , Suslov A I , Geyman V G
Published: July 2019

The paper describes the investigations of a low-current discharge in airflow with the electrode configuration of coaxial plasmatron. An inner diameter of the plasmatron nozzle is of 0.5 cm and the mass airflow rate is from 0.1 to 0.3 g s−1. Typical averaged discharge current is varied from 0.06 to 0.2 A. In these conditions, due to airflow the so-called plasma jet forms in the plasmatron nozzle and at its exit. The total current in plasmatron mainly flows via the constricted plasma column of the glow discharge and only a small fraction of current is carried by the jet. The principal idea of the experiments is to reveal the mechanism of the jet formation and to elucidate how the nonsteady discharge regimes influence on the jet properties. We have proposed the method for the jet diagnostics, which is based on measuring the currents to the additional diagnostic electrodes located outside the nozzle. The obtained data show that the jet current forms due to electrons that are emitted from the boundary of plasma column. The temporal behavior of the jet current is determined by the position of the column inside the plasmatron nozzle, which changes with time. Hence, the term ‘plasma jet’ has to be used with care, since the charged particles in the jet area are the electrons. The estimated electron density in the jet is of about 109 cm–3.
Recent developments of MCViNE and its applications at SNS
Authors: Lin Jiao Y Y , Islam Fahima , Sala Gabriele , Lumsden Ian , Smith Hillary , Doucet Mathieu , Stone Matthew B , Abernathy Douglas L , Ehlers Georg , Ankner John F , Granroth Garrett E
Published: July 2019

MCViNE is an open source, object-oriented Monte Carlo neutron ray-tracing simulation software package. Its design allows for flexible, hierarchical representations of sophisticated instrument components such as detector systems, and samples with a variety of shapes and scattering kernels. Recently this flexible design has enabled several applications of MCViNE simulations at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Lab, including assisting design of neutron instruments at the second target station and design of novel sample environments, as well as studying effects of instrument resolution and multiple scattering. Here we provide an overview of the recent developments and new features of MCViNE since its initial introduction (Jiao et al 2016 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 810, 86–99), and some example applications.
Natural Hamiltonian formulation of composite higher derivative theories
Authors: Öttinger Hans Christian
Published: July 2019

If a higher derivative theory arises from a transformation of variables that involves time derivatives, a tailor-made Hamiltonian formulation is shown to exist. The details and advantages of this elegant Hamiltonian formulation, which differs from the usual Ostrogradsky approach to higher derivative theories, are elaborated for mechanical systems and illustrated for simple examples. Both a canonical space and a set of constraints emerge naturally from the transformation rule for the variables. In other words, the setting for quantization and the procedure for eliminating instabilities arise naturally.
Text mining assisted review of the literature on Li-O2 batteries
Authors: Torayev Amangeldi , Magusin Pieter C M M , Grey Clare P , Merlet Céline , Franco Alejandro A
Published: July 2019

The high theoretical capacity of Li-O2 batteries attracts a lot of attention and this field has expanded significantly in the last two decades. In a more general way, the large number of articles being published daily makes it difficult for researchers to keep track of the progress in science. Here we develop a text mining program in an attempt to facilitate the process of reviewing the literature published in a scientific field and apply it to Li-O2 batteries. We analyze over 1800 articles and use the text mining program to extract reported discharge capacities, for the first time, which allows us to show the clear progress made in recent years. In this paper, we focus on three main challenges of Li-O2 batteries, namely the stability-cyclability, the low practical capacity and the rate capability. Indeed, according to our text mining program, articles dealing with these issues represent 86% of the literature published in the field. For each topic, we provide a bibliometric analysis of the literature before focusing on a few key articles which allow us to get insights into the physics and chemistry of such systems. We believe that text mining can help readers find breakthrough papers in a field (e.g. by identifying papers reporting much higher performances) and follow the developments made at the state of the art (e.g. by showing trends in the numbers of papers published—a decline in a given topic probably being the sign of limitations). With the progress of text mining algorithms in the future, the process of reviewing a scientific field is likely to become more and more automated, making it easier for researchers to get the ‘big picture’ in an unfamiliar scientific field.
On self-affine tiles whose boundary is a sphere
Authors: Thuswaldner Jörg , Zhang Shu-qin
Published: July 2019

Let

M
M

be a

3
×
3

3\times 3

integer matrix each of whose eigenvalues is greater than

1
1

in modulus and let

D

⊂

Z

3

\mathcal {D}\subset \mathbb {Z}^3

be a set with

|

D

|

=

|

det
M

|

|\mathcal {D}|=|\det M|

, called a digit set. The set equation

M
T
=
T
+

D

MT = T+\mathcal {D}

uniquely defines a nonempty compact set

T
⊂

R

3

T\subset \mathbb {R}^3

. If

T
T

has positive Lebesgue measure it is called a

3
3

-dimensional self-affine tile. In the present paper we study topological properties of

3
3

-dimensional self-affine tiles with collinear digit set, i.e., with a digit set of the form

D

=
{
0
,
v
,
2
v
,
…
,
(

|

det
M

|

−
1
)
v
}

\mathcal {D}=\{0,v,2v,\ldots , (|\det M|-1)v\}

for some

v
∈

Z

3

∖
{
0
}

v\in \mathbb {Z}^3\setminus \{0\}

. We prove that the boundary of such a tile

T
T

is homeomorphic to a

2
2

-sphere whenever its set of neighbors in a lattice tiling which is induced by

T
T

in a natural way contains

14
14

elements. The combinatorics of this lattice tiling is then the same as the one of the bitruncated cubic honeycomb, a body-centered cubic lattice tiling by truncated octahedra. We give a characterization of

3
3

-dimensional self-affine tiles with collinear digit set having

14
14

neighbors in terms of the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial of

M
M

. In our proofs we use results of R. H. Bing on the topological characterization of spheres.
Support for Solitary Bee Conservation among the Public versus Beekeepers
Authors: Penn Jerrod , Hu Wuyang , Penn Hannah J.
Published: July 2019

The decline of European honey bees (Apis mellifera) has been a prominent part of supporting pollinator conservation among the public and conservation efforts, even while honey bees are not native to North America and may compete for resources with native insect pollinators. However, little is known about what distinguishes support for native insect pollinators, including solitary bees, the majority of native bees, which provides use and non‐use values distinct from honey bees even though some natives have faced even more precipitous die‐offs. Using data collected from the general public and beekeepers in Louisiana, we adopt a contingent valuation method to investigate the value of conserving solitary bees. Results suggest modest to moderate positive willingness to pay for solitary bee conservation, and possibly higher willingness to pay among honey beekeepers versus the general public. Significant heterogeneity exists between the general public and beekeepers in terms of their knowledge and attitudes of honey bees and other pollinators.
Fasting Blood Glucose Predicts Incidence of Hypertension Independent of HbA1c Levels and Insulin Resistance in Middle-Aged Japanese: The Saku Study
Authors: Tatsumi Yukako , Morimoto Akiko , Asayama Kei , Sonoda Nao , Miyamatsu Naomi , Ohno Yuko , Miyamoto Yoshihiro , Izawa Satoshi , Ohkubo Takayoshi
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND

Relationships between blood glucose (BG) levels and insulin action, and incidence of hypertension have not been well known epidemiologically. This study aimed to investigate the association between indices of diabetes and the incidence of hypertension and compare the predictive powers of these indices in middle-aged Japanese.

METHODS

This 5-year cohort study included 2,210 Japanese aged 30–64 years without hypertension. Hazard ratios of high fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, high post-loaded BG levels, high glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, insulin resistance (defined by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) and impaired insulin secretion at baseline for the incidence of hypertension were estimated using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mm Hg or receiving antihypertensive treatment.

RESULTS

During the follow-up, 456 participants developed hypertension. After adjustment for HbA1c and HOMA-IR, FBG was independently and significantly associated with hypertension. The hazard ratio of participants with FBG ≥ 7.0 mmol/l was 1.79 compared with those with FBG < 5.6 mmol/l. Even among those with HbA1c < 6.5%, HOMA-IR < 2.5, body mass index < 25 kg/m2, age < 55 years old, blood pressure < 130/80 mm Hg or non- and moderate drinking, the results were similar. High 120-minute BG level and impaired insulin secretion did not increase the risk for hypertension.

CONCLUSIONS

FBG was a predictable index for future incidence of hypertension in middle-aged Japanese men and women. This is the first study comparing predictive powers of indices of diabetes for the incidence of hypertension.