bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Horizontal Resolution on Long‐Range Equatorward Radiation of Near‐Inertial Internal Waves in Ocean General Circulation Models
Authors: Sun Bingrong , Jing Zhao , Yuan Man , Yang Haiyuan , Wu Lixin
Published: September 2024

Wind‐generated near‐inertial internal waves (NIWs) are characterized by dominant long‐range equatorward radiation due to the gradient of the planetary vorticity, known as the β‐refraction effect. In this study, we analyze the effects of horizontal model resolution on the long‐range equatorward radiation of NIWs. In a high‐resolution Community Earth System Model (CESM‐HR) with a 0.1° oceanic resolution, about 25% (15%) of NIW energy flux injected downward the surface boundary layer base poleward of 30°N (30°S) radiates into the lower‐latitude region. This ratio decreases to about 15% (8%) in a low‐resolution CESM (CESM‐LR) with a 1° oceanic resolution. The higher long‐range equatorward radiation efficiency in the CESM‐HR than the CESM‐LR is directly attributed to the faster equatorward group velocity of the NIWs of the first three vertical modes, which reflects the better representation of equatorward propagation and beta‐refraction of smaller scale NIWs in the CESM‐HR. The enhancement of equatorward wavenumber induced by the β‐refraction is inhibited in the CESM‐LR, which underrepresent the long‐range equatorward radiation of NIWs. These results underscore the necessity of high‐resolution ocean models in accurately simulating the spatial variabilities of NIWs and their induced turbulent diapycnal mixing in the global ocean.
Personal air sampling for pesticides in the California San Joaquin Valley
Authors: Bennett Deborah H. , Sellen Jane , Moran Rebecca , Alaimo Christopher P. , Young Thomas M.
Published: September 2024

Background

California is a leading agricultural state and with that, has significant applications of pesticides. Levels of exposure have been measured to be higher among residents in agricultural areas, but measures of personal inhalation exposure to a wide range of pesticides are lacking. Community members in the San Joaquin Valley have expressed concern over pesticide exposures. Working with community members, a wide range of pesticides in personal air samples were measured.

Methods

Adult and school-aged participants were recruited from small agricultural towns in the San Joaquin Valley. Participants wore a backpack sampler for 8–14 h on 1–3 days. Samples were collected on two tubes, one with Tenax-TA resin and the other with XAD-2 resin. In total, 21 pesticides were analyzed using both LC/MS and GC/MS methods.

Results

Thirty-one adult participants and 11 school aged participants were recruited, and sampling occurred on a total of 92 days. Seven adults, 22% of adult participants, and one school child had detectable levels of at least one pesticide. Pesticides detected above the limit of detection were 1,3-dichloropropene, chlorpyrifos, pyrimethanil, burprofezin and penthiopyrad. When these samples were collected, chlorpyrifos was not permitted to be used in California.

Impact statement

California, a leading agricultural state, has significant pesticide use, leading to concern about exposures among community members. Thirty-one adult and 11 school aged participants wore personal air sampling backpacks from 1–3 days. Twenty-two percent of adult participants had detectable levels of at least one pesticide. Two pesticides with established toxicity, 1,3-dichloropropene and chlorpyrifos were detected, along with first time measurements of pyrimethanil, burprofezin and penthiopyrad in the United States, which all have potential indications of toxicity. This study suggests the need to expand which pesticides are measured in agricultural communities.
High efficiency and dynamic modulation of nonlinear metasurfaces
Authors: Zhao Ruizhe , Huang Lingling
Published: September 2024

Metasurfaces have facilitated numerous innovative applications in the scope of nonlinear optics. However, dynamically tuning the nonlinear response at the pixel level is very challenging. Recent work proposed a novel method to electrically manipulate the local amplitude and phase of third-harmonics generation (THG) by integrating the giant nonlinear responses resulting from intersubband transitions of multiple quantum wells (MQW) with plasmonic nano-resonator. The demonstrated method may pave the way to realize nonlinear optical elements with versatile functionalities by electrically tuning and promoting the advancements of innovative applications such as lidar, 3D displays, optical encryption, optical computing, and so on.
Longitudinal effects of obesity on pulmonary function in obese children and adolescents
Authors: Charoensittisup Pawinee , Udomittipong Kanokporn , Mahoran Khunphon , Palamit Apinya
Published: September 2024

Background

To investigate the longitudinal effects of obesity on change in lung function after 1 year of follow-up in obese children and adolescents.

Methods

Obese children/adolescents aged 8–15 years with pulmonary function test (PFT) results and recorded anthropometric obesity indices from 1 year earlier for comparison were recruited. Multiple linear regression of change in each lung function parameter was applied to determine the effect of sex, change in body mass index (ΔBMI), change in chest circumference (ΔCC), change in waist circumference (ΔWC), and change in waist circumference-to-height ratio (ΔWC/Ht).

Results

Sixty-six children/adolescents (mean age: 12.5 ± 2.6 years) were recruited. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that ΔWC negatively affects the ratio of the forced expiratory volume in the first 1 s to the forced vital capacity of the lungs Δ(FEV1/FVC) (b = −0.3, p = 0.002), forced expiratory flow rate within 25–75% of vital capacity (ΔFEF25–75%) (b = −0.92, p = 0.006), and Δ(FEF25–75%/FVC) (b = −0.99, p = 0.003). When replacing ΔWC with Δ(WC/Ht) as the independent variable, Δ(WC/Ht) also negatively affects Δ(FEV1/FVC) (b = −33.71, p = 0.02), ΔFEF25–75% (b = −102.9, p = 0.03) and Δ(FEF25–75%/FVC) (b = −102.7, p = 0.03).

Conclusion

After 1 year of follow-up, change in abdominal adiposity determined by WC and WC/Ht exerted significant negative effect on lung function change specific to FEV1/FVC, FEF25–75% /FVC, and FEF25–75%.

Impact

Longitudinal effects of change in obesity on lung function in obese children and adolescents are evidenced.

Change in waist circumference or waist-to-height ratio, which indicates abdominal adiposity, was inversely correlated with a change in FEV1/FVC, FEF25–75% /FVC, and FEF25–75% in children and adolescents with obesity after 1 year of follow-up.

Our results suggest using waist circumference and/or waist-to-height ratio in addition to BW and/or BMI for monitoring obesity.

Fat loss programs, especially those focused on reducing abdominal adiposity should be encouraged to prevent late lung function impairment.
Associations between glucocorticoid use and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with prostate cancer receiving antiandrogen: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chan Jeffrey Shi Kai , Lee Yan Hiu Athena , Leung Chi Ho , Leung David Ka Wai , Dee Edward Christopher , Ng Kenrick , Tse Gary , Ng Chi Fai
Published: September 2024

Background

Prednisolone/prednisone coadministration with abiraterone may explain abiraterone-related increase in cardiovascular risk. We explored this postulation and glucocorticoid’s association with cardiovascular risk.

Methods

Patients with prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy and enzalutamide, or abiraterone with 5 mg (ABI + P5) or 10 mg (ABI + P10) daily total prednisolone/prednisone were followed up for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).

Results

We analyzed 933 patients. ABI + P10, but not enzalutamide, had higher risk of MACE than ABI + P5. Cumulative glucocorticoid dose before enzalutamide/abiraterone initiation was associated with MACE.

Conclusions

Prednisolone/prednisone coadministration with abiraterone likely contributed to abiraterone-related increased cardiovascular risk. Prevalent cumulative glucocorticoid dose was associated with cardiovascular risk.
Testing the causal relationship of fat and sugar intake with depression and cortisol: a Mendelian Randomisation study
Authors: Buczkowska Matylda , Iob Eleonora
Published: September 2024

Unhealthy diets high in fat and sugar content may have an impact on psychological health and increase the risk of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and stress levels. On the other hand, MDD and stress might be related to food choices and intake. However, it is not clear whether diet, and specifically fat and sugar intake, is causally related to stress and MDD, and whether this relationship may be bi-directional. This study utilised Mendelian Randomisation (MR) to investigate the causal nature of the relationship of fat and sugar intake with MDD and cortisol (as a proxy of stress), and to shed light on the direction of this relationship. Summary-level data for all exposure and outcome variables were obtained from large-scale, non-overlapping GWASs in individuals of European ancestry. Bidirectional analyses were performed: one with macronutrients as exposures and one with MDD/cortisol as exposures. Random-effects inverse-variance weighted regression was used as the primary analytic method for genetic instruments with at least two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) available (and individual Wald ratio was used when only one SNP was available). Higher levels of genetically predicted relative sugar intake were causally associated with lower MDD risk, for both genome-wide significant p-value threshold of p < 1 × 10−8, (OR = 0.553, 95% CI: 0.395-0.775) and relaxed p-value threshold of p < 1 × 10−6 (OR = 0.786, 95% CI: 0.630–0.981). No reverse causality was detected in the opposite direction as MDD was not associated with sugar consumption. The associations observed for all the other pairs of variables were weak and imprecise. A number of limitations was present in the study, such as low-SNP based heritability for some exposures, inability to prove whether variants were correlated with unmeasured confounders and self-reporting of MDD data. Lifestyle and/or pharmacological interventions targeting sugar-related physiological mechanisms may help to reduce depressive symptoms. However, more research is necessary on short- and long-term effects of sugar on the risk of MDD. Additionally, future studies should investigate whether the amount and type of sugar consumed may underlie the impact of sugar on mood and stress levels.
The challenge of phasing-out fossil fuel finance in the banking sector
Authors: Rickman J. , Falkenberg M. , Kothari S. , Larosa F. , Grubb M. , Ameli N.
Published: September 2024

A timely and well-managed phase-out of bank lending to the fossil fuel sector is critical if Paris climate targets are to remain within reach. Using a systems lens to explore over $7 trillion of syndicated fossil fuel debt, we show that syndicated debt markets are resilient to uncoordinated phase-out scenarios without regulatory limits on banks’ fossil fuel lending. However, with regulation in place, a tipping point emerges as banks sequentially exit the sector and phase-out becomes efficient. The timing of this tipping point depends critically on the stringency of regulatory rules. It is reached sooner in scenarios where systemically important banks lead the phase-out and is delayed without regional coordination, particularly between US, Canadian and Japanese banks.
Combinatorial summation of Feynman diagrams
Authors: Kozik Evgeny
Published: September 2024

Feynman’s diagrammatic series is a common language for a formally exact theoretical description of systems of infinitely-many interacting quantum particles, as well as a foundation for precision computational techniques. Here we introduce a universal framework for efficient summation of connected or skeleton Feynman diagrams for generic quantum many-body systems. It is based on an explicit combinatorial construction of the sum of the integrands by dynamic programming, at a computational cost that can be made only exponential in the diagram order on a classical computer and potentially polynomial on a quantum computer. We illustrate the technique by an unbiased diagrammatic Monte Carlo calculation of the equation of state of the 2D SU(N) Hubbard model in an experimentally relevant regime, which has remained challenging for state-of-the-art numerical methods.
Variants in LRRC7 lead to intellectual disability, autism, aggression and abnormal eating behaviors
Authors: Willim Jana , Woike Daniel , Greene Daniel , Das Sarada , Pfeifer Kevin , Yuan Weimin , Lindsey Anika , Itani Omar , Böhme Amber L. , Tibbe Debora , Hönck Hans-Hinrich , Hassani Nia Fatemeh ,   Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Zech Michael , Brunet Theresa , Faivre Laurence , Sorlin Arthur , Vitobello Antonio , Smol Thomas , Colson Cindy , Baranano Kristin , Schatz Krista , Bayat Allan , Schoch Kelly , Spillmann Rebecca , Davis Erica E. , Conboy Erin , Vetrini Francesco , Platzer Konrad , Neuser Sonja , Gburek-Augustat Janina , Grace Alexandra Noel , Mitchell Bailey , Stegmann Alexander , Sinnema Margje , Meeks Naomi , Saunders Carol , Cadieux-Dion Maxime , Hoyer Juliane , Van-Gils Julien , de Sainte-Agathe Jean-Madeleine , Thompson Michelle L. , Bebin E. Martina , Weisz-Hubshman Monika , Tabet Anne-Claude , Verloes Alain , Levy Jonathan , Latypova Xenia , Harder Sönke , Silverman Gary A. , Pak Stephen C. , Schedl Tim , Freson Kathleen , Mumford Andrew , Turro Ernest , Schlein Christian , Shashi Vandana , Kreienkamp Hans-Jürgen
Published: September 2024

Members of the leucine rich repeat (LRR) and PDZ domain (LAP) protein family are essential for animal development and histogenesis. Densin-180, encoded by LRRC7, is the only LAP protein selectively expressed in neurons. Densin-180 is a postsynaptic scaffold at glutamatergic synapses, linking cytoskeletal elements with signalling proteins such as the α-subunit of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. We have previously observed an association between high impact variants in LRRC7 and Intellectual Disability; also three individual cases with variants in LRRC7 had been described. We identify here 33 individuals (one of them previously described) with a dominant neurodevelopmental disorder due to heterozygous missense or loss-of-function variants in LRRC7. The clinical spectrum involves intellectual disability, autism, ADHD, aggression and, in several cases, hyperphagia-associated obesity. A PDZ domain variant interferes with synaptic targeting of Densin-180 in primary cultured neurons. Using in vitro systems (two hybrid, BioID, coimmunoprecipitation of tagged proteins from 293T cells) we identified new candidate interaction partners for the LRR domain, including protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), and observed that variants in the LRR reduced binding to these proteins. We conclude that LRRC7 encodes a major determinant of intellectual development and behaviour.
Rapid terahertz beam profiling and antenna characterization with phase-shifting holography
Authors: Mrnka Michal , Penketh Harry , Phillips David B. , Hendry Euan
Published: September 2024

In this paper we investigate the application of phase-shifting digital holography for the real-time characterization of electromagnetic sources in the THz frequency range. We use an off-the-shelf terahertz detector array composed of $$64 \times 64$$

64
×
64

power-sensitive pixels, over an area of $$96\,\hbox {mm} \times 96\,\hbox {mm}$$

96

mm
×
96

mm

, to record intensity interferograms cast between the coherent radiation emitted from a reference source and an unknown antenna under test. This approach parallelizes the acquisition process with respect to conventional near-field point scanning methods, reducing the measurement time by orders of magnitude. In our system, the measurement time is limited only by the refresh rate of the detector array and the speed of a delay line stage that is used to phase-shift the reference wave. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, we map the 2D near-field distribution and estimate the far-field radiation pattern emitted by a plano-convex PTFE spherical lens antenna illuminated by a diagonal horn at 290 GHz frequency with $$\sim \,1\,\hbox {Hz}$$

∼

1

Hz

refresh rate.
Risk of relationship separation in men with Peyronie’s disease in a matched Swedish cohort
Authors: Henningsohn Lars , Larsson Henrik , Kuja-Halkola Ralf , Cederlöf Martin
Published: September 2024

Peyronie’s disease (PD) has detrimental effects on the quality of life, mental health, sexual functioning and several other aspects that increase the risk of relationship problems. However, no study to date has assessed the risk of relationship separation in med with PD. Herein, we utilized data from Swedish national registers to examine the risk of relationship separation in men with PD. We conducted a matched cohort study on men born 1933–1992, followed from 1997 to 2013. PD was defined as a physician-assigned diagnosis according to the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth version. Each man with PD (n = 8020) was matched with 10 comparison men. We defined relationship separation as (1) ever separated, and (2) separation rate. We used log-linear regression to estimate the risk ratio, and rate ratio of relationship separation. We adjusted for matching variables (birth year and country of birth), and an indicator of each follow-up year. We found that men with PD had a 13% increased risk of relationship separation (risk ratio 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.17). The rate of relationship separation events, measured on a yearly basis, was increased by 18% (rate ratio 1.18, CI 1.12–1.24), and remained similar when adjusting for follow-up year and socio-economic status.
Public support for carbon pricing policies and revenue recycling options: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the survey literature
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Valencia Farah , Mohren Cornelia , Ramakrishnan Anjali , Merchert Marlene , Minx Jan C. , Steckel Jan Christoph
Published: September 2024

Since public support is critical for implementing carbon pricing policies, we conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the survey-based literature on change in public support for direct and indirect carbon pricing policies with and without revenue recycling options. Following a comprehensive and transparent machine-learning assisted screening of the literature, our dataset comprises 35 studies containing 70 surveys across 26 countries with over 100,000 respondents. We find that the introduction of any type of revenue recycling option increases public support for carbon pricing. Results from our meta-regression indicate that green spending (i.e. using revenues for climate-friendly projects) is the only revenue recycling option associated with a statistically significant increase in public support. Our findings moreover suggest that the effects may depend on which region the survey was carried out, highlighting the need for additional research in countries in the regions of Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean.
Nitrogen signaling factor triggers a respiration-like gene expression program in fission yeast
Authors: Ohsawa Shin , Schwaiger Michaela , Iesmantavicius Vytautas , Hashimoto Rio , Moriyama Hiromitsu , Matoba Hiroaki , Hirai Go , Sodeoka Mikiko , Hashimoto Atsushi , Matsuyama Akihisa , Yoshida Minoru , Yashiroda Yoko , Bühler Marc
Published: September 2024

Microbes have evolved intricate communication systems that enable individual cells of a population to send and receive signals in response to changes in their immediate environment. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the oxylipin nitrogen signaling factor (NSF) is part of such communication system, which functions to regulate the usage of different nitrogen sources. Yet, the pathways and mechanisms by which NSF acts are poorly understood. Here, we show that NSF physically interacts with the mitochondrial sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase Hmt2 and that it prompts a change from a fermentation- to a respiration-like gene expression program without any change in the carbon source. Our results suggest that NSF activity is not restricted to nitrogen metabolism alone and that it could function as a rheostat to prepare a population of S. pombe cells for an imminent shortage of their preferred nutrients.
Terminal α1,2-fucosylation of glycosphingolipids by FUT1 is a key regulator in early cell-fate decisions
Authors: Chen Saray , Hayoun-Neeman Dana , Nagar Michal , Pinyan Sapir , Hadad Limor , Yaacobov Liat , Alon Lilach , Shachar Liraz Efrat , Swissa Tair , Kryukov Olga , Gershoni-Yahalom Orly , Rosental Benyamin , Cohen Smadar , Lichtenstein Rachel G
Published: September 2024

The embryonic cell surface is rich in glycosphingolipids (GSLs), which change during differentiation. The reasons for GSL subgroup variation during early embryogenesis remain elusive. By combining genomic approaches, flow cytometry, confocal imaging, and transcriptomic data analysis, we discovered that α1,2-fucosylated GSLs control the differentiation of human pluripotent cells (hPCs) into germ layer tissues. Overexpression of α1,2-fucosylated GSLs disrupts hPC differentiation into mesodermal lineage and reduces differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Conversely, reducing α1,2-fucosylated groups promotes hPC differentiation and mesoderm commitment in response to external signals. We find that bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), a mesodermal gene inducer, suppresses α1,2-fucosylated GSL expression. Overexpression of α1,2-fucosylated GSLs impairs SMAD activation despite BMP4 presence, suggesting α-fucosyl end groups as BMP pathway regulators. Additionally, the absence of α1,2-fucosylated GSLs in early/late mesoderm and primitive streak stages in mouse embryos aligns with the hPC results. Thus, α1,2-fucosylated GSLs may regulate early cell-fate decisions and embryo development by modulating cell signaling.
Visualizing in-field detection of HCV using a one-pot RT-RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a platform
Authors: Wei Xiangxiang , Shen Yue , Yuan Mingzhu , Zhang Anran , Duan Guangcai , Chen Shuaiyin
Published: September 2024

Hepatitis C, one of the major infectious diseases posing a serious threat to human health, contributes a significant disease burden to global public health governance.
Fabrication of core–shell-like bimetallic SERS substrates with inter-coordination effect for catalysis of p-mercaptoaniline
Authors: Ding Jiacheng , Zhang Meixia , Kong Lingru , Song Peng , Yang Yanqiu
Published: September 2024

By studying the SERS of PATP molecules adsorbed on Au@Ag substrates, it was found that PATP molecules could be oxidized to form DMAB on Au@Ag substrates.
Polyoxometalate-incorporated NiFe-based oxyhydroxides for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline media
Authors: Qiao Yuyan , Pan Yanqiu , Fan Wenjun , Long Guifa , Zhang Fuxiang
Published: September 2024

NiFe–PMA/CNTs homogeneous/heterogeneous hybrid catalyst exhibits low overpotential and a high TOF for the oxygen evolution reaction.
Engineering biotin anchored-MWCNTs as a superb carrier for facile delivery of the potent Ru(ii)-N^N scaffold in breast cancer cells
Authors: Babu Lavanya Thilak , Roy Nilmadhab , Dasgupta Tiasha , Ghosh Sreejani , Tamizhselvi Ramasamy , Paira Priyankar
Published: September 2024

This article portrays the construction of biotinylated-MWCNTs for SMVT-guided delivery of a potent Ru(ii)-scaffold into MCF7 cells.
Acid- and alkaline-induced phase and structure reconstruction of nickel sulfide toward enhanced electrochemical performance
Authors: Hu Qin , Bai Youcun , Fang Yuanlai , Guo Lei , Li Wenpo
Published: September 2024

Nickel sulfides prepared using conventional methods usually exhibit bulk structure and multiple phases, which pose great challenges for controllably synthesizing designer particles with high performance.
Theoretical kinetic studies on intramolecular H-migration reactions of peroxy radicals of diethoxymethane
Authors: Chen Siyu , Li Juanqin , Zhu Quan , Li Zerong
Published: September 2024

This study used MS-T to calculate rate constants for hydrogen migration reactions in DEM peroxy radicals, revealing the significant impact of intramolecular effects and providing insights into the low-temperature oxidation mechanism of DEM.
Bioinspired copper-catalysed nitrous oxide reduction with simultaneous N–H or O–H bond oxidation
Authors: Lobo Sacchelli Bruce A. , P. Onguene Suellen M. , M. Almeida Ruben S. , Antunes Alexandra M. M. , Nesterov Dmytro S. , Andrade Leandro H. , B. A. Alegria Elisabete C. , Prechtl Martin H. G.
Published: September 2024

Tuning selectivities with oxidants: O2 oxidises methanol to the carboxylate level and N2O oxidises it to the formaldehyde level.
Metal complex-based multi-stimuli responsive amphiphiles: development into monolayers and giant vesicles
Authors: Matsushita Zen , Goto Hiroki , Tamada Mio , Maeda Atsuki , Umemura Yasushi , Hirahara Masanari
Published: September 2024

Stimuli-responsive monolayers and multilamellar vesicles were obtained from ruthenium complex-based amphiphiles. Light irradiation increased molecular cross-sections, leading to increased surface pressure in the monolayers and membrane distortion.
Blue emission-dominated NaYbF4@NaYF4:2%Ho@NaYF4 upconversion nanoparticles for detecting ascorbic acid
Authors: Wang Pengli , Li Jiaxin , Zhang Yujiao , Xiao Dan , Zhou Cuisong
Published: September 2024

Schematic illustration of blue emission-dominated NaYbF4@NaYF4:2%Ho@NaYF4 (CSS) design and CSS/MnO2-based ascorbic acid detection.
Designing van der Waals magnetic tunnel junctions with high tunnel magnetoresistance via Brillouin zone filtering
Authors: Li Kun , Guo Yuzheng , Robertson John , Zhao Weisheng , Lu Haichang
Published: September 2024

Verified by transport calculations, Brillouin zone filtering is the key to high tunnel magnetoresistance in the van der Waals magnetic tunnel junction, guiding the material selection principle for the application of magnetic memory devices.
Tuning the thermal properties of l-lactide/ε-caprolactone chain shuttled copolymers via catalyst selection
Authors: Mosca Xavier , Perchery Lucas , Bria Marc , De Winter Julien , Stoclet Gregory , Bousquet Till , Pelinski Lydie , Bonnet Fanny , Zinck Philippe
Published: September 2024

Cyclic esters chain shuttling copolymerization between yttrium and aluminum catalysts is reported for the first time. It allows to tune the thermal properties of the resulting copolymers.
Electromagnetic induction drives electron–hole separation in an optoelectronic nerve conduit to accelerate nerve repair
Authors: Shuai Cijun , Ding Feng , Chen Xiaosong , Zhou Huarui , Qian Hongyi , Wang Yifeng , Chen Yanyan , Qi Fangwei , Bai Xinna
Published: September 2024

As a photoelectric material, bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) can convert light signals into electrical signals and thus hold tremendous promise in constructing wireless electrical stimulation to accelerate nerve regeneration.
Biomass as an alternative feedstock to oleochemicals
Authors: Rahmawati Zeni , Santoso Liangga , Abdullah Wan Nazwanie Wan , Hamid Abdul , Jamari Nor Laili Azua , Sugiarso Djarot , Ni'mah Yatim Lailun , Widati Alfa Akustia
Published: September 2024

Biomass upgrade to oleochemicals as petrochemical substitutes, including the utility, physical–chemical properties, reaction routes, affecting parameters and the future forecast.
Deprotective Lossen rearrangement: a direct and general transformation of Nms-amides to unsymmetrical ureas
Authors: Spieß Philipp , Brześkiewicz Jakub , Maulide Nuno
Published: September 2024

Herein, we report the development of a deprotective functionalisation reaction that allows for the synthesis of unsymmetrical ureas through a Lossen-type rearrangement of Nms-protected amines.
Boosting type-I ROS production of molecular photosensitizers using bridge-assisted superexchange coupling
Authors: Chen Lei , Yan Shirong , Guo Wu-Jie , Qiao Lu , Zhan Xinyue , Liu Bin , Peng Hui-Qing
Published: September 2024

We report a piperazine-assisted superexchange coupling mechanism that facilitates an efficient long-range electron transfer, thereby boosting the generation of superoxide radicals (O2−˙) and hydroxyl radicals (˙OH).
Accumulated photogenerated holes in type-II ZnSe/CdS nanotetrapods for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Qin Zhi-Kai , Shen Li-Lei , Yan Shuo , Wang Jingui , Gao Yu-Ji
Published: September 2024

The spatial separation of photogenerated charges and accumulated holes in ZnSe core accelerates hole migration to the surface and the subsequent oxidation reaction, resulting in the exceptional photocatalytic performance of ZnSe/CdS nanotetrapods.
Nucleation preference and lateral growth of monolayer tin disulfide on graphene
Authors: Lin Gaoxiang , Gao Huimin , Fang Yimei , Huang Chenyi , Huang Junjie , Lu Jie , Cao Xinrui , Zhang Yufeng , Zhang Xueao , Wu Shunqing , Cai Weiwei , Zhou Yinghui
Published: September 2024

Herein we investigate the nucleation and growth of SnS2 on graphene, and further achieve a large-area SnS2/graphene hetero-bilayer.
Oncogenic plasmid DNA and liver injury agent dictates liver cancer development in a mouse model
Authors: Chiu Vincent , Yee Christine , Main Nathan , Stevanovski Igor , Watt Matthew , Wilson Trevor , Angus Peter , Roberts Tara , Shackel Nicholas , Herath Chandana
Published: September 2024

Primary liver cancer is an increasing problem worldwide and is associated with significant mortality. A popular method of modeling liver cancer in mice is plasmid hydrodynamic tail vein injection (HTVI). However, plasmid-HTVI models rarely recapitulate the chronic liver injury which precedes the development of most human liver cancer. We sought to investigate how liver injury using thioacetamide contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of liver cancer in two oncogenic plasmid-HTVI-induced mouse liver cancer models. Fourteen-week-old male mice received double-oncogene plasmid-HTVI (SB/AKT/c-Met and SB/AKT/NRas) and then twice-weekly intraperitoneal injections of thioacetamide for 6 weeks. Liver tissue was examined for histopathological changes, including fibrosis and steatosis. Further characterization of fibrosis and inflammation was performed with immunostaining and real-time quantitative PCR. RNA sequencing with pathway analysis was used to explore novel pathways altered in the cancer models. Hepatocellular and cholangiocellular tumors were observed in mice injected with double-oncogene plasmid-HTVI models (SB/AKT/c-Met and SB/AKT/NRas). Thioacetamide induced mild fibrosis and increased alpha smooth muscle actin-expressing cells. However, the combination of plasmids and thioacetamide did not significantly increase tumor size, but increased multiplicity of small neoplastic lesions. Cancer and/or liver injury up-regulated profibrotic and proinflammatory genes while metabolic pathway genes were mostly down-regulated. We conclude that the liver injury microenvironment can interact with liver cancer and alter its presentation. However, the effects on cancer development vary depending on the genetic drivers with differing active oncogenic pathways. Therefore, the choice of plasmid-HTVI model and injury agent may influence the extent to which injury promotes liver cancer development.
Speech-Language Pathologist Self-Efficacy and Job Satisfaction: Resources in Special Education Eligibility Decisions
Authors: Reed Anne C. , Farquharson Kelly
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

Situated within the conservation of resources theory, this study sought to understand how resources such as self-efficacy, job satisfaction, caseload size, and geographic location influence the number of data sources used by school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to determine eligibility.

Method:

Using a cross-sectional descriptive design, 665 school-based SLPs from the United States reported professional demographics, workload, and assessment/eligibility characteristics, as well as levels of job satisfaction and self-efficacy. Multiple regression was used to examine the effects of self-efficacy, job satisfaction, caseload size, and geographic location on the number of data sources used in eligibility decision making and to examine the effects of caseload size and job satisfaction resources on SLP self-efficacy.

Results:

SLPs, on average, reported using 7.98 data sources to support eligibility determinations. Standardized tests, conversation samples, and review of records were most used, and literacy assessments were used least. Results of multiple regression models indicate that SLPs with higher self-efficacy scores reported using significantly more data sources and that SLPs with higher job satisfaction indicated significantly higher self-efficacy.

Conclusions:

This study affirms self-efficacy as a strong resource for school-based SLPs and that it is, in fact, related to the number of data sources used in eligibility decisions. Limited literacy assessment was reported, despite the SLP's critical role in an educational setting. Job satisfaction as a predictor of self-efficacy and self-efficacy, in turn, as a predictor of data sources underscore the need for SLPs to advocate for work conditions that support their work.
Simultaneous Optimal Allocation of EVCSs and RESs Using an Improved Genetic Method
Authors: Farjamipur Majid , Lotfi Hossein , Nikkhah Mohammad Hassan
Published: September 2024

In the last decade, with the development of the electric vehicle industry and their acceptance in human societies, the participation plan of electric vehicles in supplying the load of the network has been taken into consideration. One of the requirements of this plan is the optimal location of the stations for these vehicles in the network so that they play an effective role in the operation of the network. In this regard, along with the construction of charging and discharging stations for electric vehicles, the construction of renewable sources in the network can play a complementary role for these stations. In this paper, the effect of using renewable resources as a supplement for smart charging stations and the placement of these stations to achieve technical and economic goals have been investigated. In order to manage the demand on the side of consumers and even out the load curve, the time of use mechanism as one of the demand response programs has been considered in this study. In this research, the improved nondominant sorting genetic algorithm is proposed to solve the problem, and the results of the proposed method are also compared with the conventional genetic and particle swarm optimization algorithms. All the simulations have been done in the MATLAB software and on the IEEE 33‐bus network. Based on the obtained results, after the implementation of the proposed plan in the distribution network, the objective functions of the loss, voltage drop, and the total cost have been reduced by 13.6%, 58.7%, and 54.4%, respectively, compared to the base conditions of the network.
Intrinsically safe DAB converter for reliable power supply in harsh environment via extended phase shift pulse train control
Authors: Xu Yang , Liu Tengfei , Chen Yang , Li Mingxue , Yu Dongsheng , Yu Samson S.
Published: September 2024

In this article, an extended‐phase‐shift‐based pulse train control (EPS‐PT) for an intrinsically safe dual active bridge (DAB) converter is proposed to satisfy the safe and reliable power supply in harsh environments such as gas stations, chemical plants, and mining tunnels in complex power systems. A discrete pulse switching control method is introduced, and the input voltage and output current are sampled to calculate the primary target phase shift angle of the DAB converter, followed by the inner phase shift angle, while the secondary phase shift angle is rapidly adjusted by the voltage feedback. In order to meet the requirements of effective control and safe power supply in harsh environments, the system parameters are designed by comprehensively considering the control performance and intrinsically safe requirements. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed DAB converter exhibits rapid dynamic response and intrinsic operation safety.
Enhancing PV receiver efficiency in laser wireless power transmission through square elliptic hyperboloid concentrator
Authors: Xian‐long Meng , Pu Zhang , Yi‐chao Hou , Bei Liu , Ying‐xue Chen , Mallick Tapas K.
Published: September 2024

Laser wireless energy transmission is a widely utilized method, yet its efficiency is constrained by a variety of factors. In order to improve the conversion efficiency of the receivers of the laser wireless power transmission (LWPT) system, the square elliptic hyperboloid (SEH) concentrating module designed for LWPT system receivers is developed. By analysing the I–V characteristic curves from the results of the experiments and employing non‐linear parameter regression, a corrected battery characteristic curve was derived within a specific laser irradiation range. On this basis, an optical–thermal–electric multi‐field coupling characteristic model was developed. The finite element method is used to simulate the multi‐field coupling characteristics and conversion efficiency of the receiving end under diverse working conditions (including different rotation angles and different divergence angles) of the concentrating photovoltaic module. Research shows: First, the larger the divergence half‐angle β of the laser beam, the more obvious the improvement of the effective optical efficiency of the system by the SEH concentrator. Second, the short‐circuit current and the maximum output power of the PV cell at the receiving end are significantly improved by the SEH concentrator, and the improvement effect is more obvious with the increase of the divergence angle and the rotation angle. Third, SEH concentrators did not significantly affect the fill factor of PV cells.
Distance estimation of gamma-ray-emitting BL Lac objects from imaging observations
Authors: Nilsson K. , Fallah Ramazani V. , Lindfors E. , Goldoni P. , Becerra González J. , Acosta Pulido J. A. , Clavero R. , Otero-Santos J. , Pursimo T. , Pita S. , Kouch P. M. , Boisson C. , Backes M. , Cotter G. , D’Ammando F. , Kasai E.
Published: September 2024

Aims. The direct redshift determination of BL Lac objects is highly challenging as the emission in the optical and near-infrared bands is largely dominated by the non-thermal emission from the relativistic jet, which points very close to our line of sight. Therefore, the optical spectra of BL Lac objects often show no spectral lines from the host galaxy. In this work, we aim to overcome this difficulty by attempting to detect the host galaxy and derive redshift constraints based on assumptions on the galaxy magnitude (‘imaging redshifts’).

Methods. Imaging redshifts were derived by obtaining deep optical images under good seeing conditions, making it possible to detect the host galaxy as a weak extension of the point-like source. We then derived the imaging redshift by using the host galaxy as a standard candle, employing two different methods.

Results. We determine the imaging redshift for 9 out of 17 blazars that we observed as part of this programme. The redshift range of these targets is 0.28–0.60, and the two methods used to derive the redshift give very consistent results within the uncertainties. We also performed a detailed comparison of the imaging redshifts with those obtained using other methods, such as direct spectroscopic constraints or looking for groups of galaxies close to the blazar. We show that the constraints from the different methods are consistent and that combining the three constraints narrows down the redshift. For example, in the case of J2156.0+1818, which is the most distant source for which we detect the host galaxy, the redshift range is narrowed to 0.63 < z < 0.71. This makes the source interesting for future studies of extragalactic background light in the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory era.
Why heterogeneous cloud particles matter
Authors: Kiefer S. , Samra D. , Lewis D. A. , Schneider A. D. , Min M. , Carone L. , Decin L. , Helling Ch.
Published: September 2024

Context. The possibility of observing spectral features in exoplanet atmospheres with space missions like the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey (ARIEL) necessitates the accurate modelling of cloud particle opacities. In exoplanet atmospheres, cloud particles can be made from multiple materials and be considerably chemically heterogeneous. Therefore, assumptions on the morphology of cloud particles are required to calculate their opacities.

Aims. The aim of this work is to analyse how different approaches to calculate the opacities of heterogeneous cloud particles affect the optical properties of cloud particles and how this may influence the interpretation of data observed by JWST and future missions.

Methods. We calculated cloud particle optical properties using seven different mixing treatments: four effective medium theories (EMTs; Bruggeman, Landau-Lifshitz-Looyenga (LLL), Maxwell-Garnett, and Linear), core-shell, and two homogeneous cloud particle approximations. We conducted a parameter study using two-component materials to study the mixing behaviour of 21 commonly considered cloud particle materials for exoplanets. To analyse the impact on observations, we studied the transmission spectra of HATS-6b, WASP-39b, WASP-76b, and WASP-107b.

Results. Materials with large refractive indices, like iron-bearing species or carbon, can change the optical properties of cloud particles when they comprise less than 1% of the total particle volume. The mixing treatment of heterogeneous cloud particles also has an observable effect on transmission spectroscopy. Assuming core-shell or homogeneous cloud particles results in less muting of molecular features and retains the cloud spectral features of the individual cloud particle materials. The predicted transit depths for core-shell and homogeneous cloud particle materials are similar for all planets used in this work. If EMTs are used, cloud spectral features are broader and the cloud spectral features of the individual cloud particle materials are not retained. Using LLL leads to fewer molecular features in transmission spectra than when using Bruggeman.
Accretion versus core-filament collision
Authors: Nakamura Fumitaka , Nguyen-Luong Quang , Ishihara Kousuke , Yoshino Aoto
Published: September 2024

Context. Recent millimetre and sub-millimetre observations have unveiled elongated and asymmetric structures around protostars. These structures, referred to as streamers, often exhibit coherent velocity gradients, seemingly indicating a directed gas flow towards the protostars. However, their origin and role in star formation remain uncertain.

Aims. The protostellar core Per-emb-2, located in Barnard 1, has a relatively large streamer of 104 au that is more prominent in emission from carbon-chain molecules. We aim to unveil the formation mechanism of this streamer.

Methods. We conducted mapping observations towards Per-emb-2 using the Nobeyama 45 m telescope. We targeted carbon-chain molecular lines such as CCS, HC3N, and HC5N at 45 GHz.

Results. Using astrodendro, we identified one protostellar and four starless cores, including three new detections, on the Herschel column density map. The starless and protostellar cores are more or less gravitationally bound. We discovered strong CCS and HC3N emissions extending from the north to the south, appearing to bridge the gap between the protostellar core and the starless core to its north. This bridge spans 3 × 104 au with velocities of 6.5–7.0 km s−1. The velocity gradient of the bridge is opposite that of the streamer. Thus, the streamer is unlikely to be connected to the bridge, suggesting that the former does not have an accretion origin.

Conclusions. We propose that a collision between a spherical core and the filament has shaped the density structure in this region, consequently triggering star formation within the head-tail-shaped core. In this core-filament collision scenario, the collision appears to have fragmented the filament into two structures. The streamer is a bow structure, while the bridge is a remnant of the shock-compressed filament. Thus, we conclude that the Per-emb-2 streamer does not significantly contribute to the mass accumulation towards the protostar.
Searching for redshifted 2.2 MeV neutron-capture lines from accreting neutron stars: Theoretical X-ray luminosity requirements and INTEGRAL/SPI observations
Authors: Ducci L. , Santangelo A. , Tsygankov S. , Mushtukov A. , Ferrigno C.
Published: September 2024

Accreting neutron stars (NSs) are expected to emit a redshifted 2.2 MeV line due to the capture of neutrons produced through the spallation processes of 4He and heavier ions in their atmospheres. Detecting this emission would offer an independent method for constraining the equation of state of NSs and provide valuable insights into nuclear reactions occurring in extreme gravitational and magnetic environments. Typically, a higher mass accretion rate is expected to result in a higher 2.2 MeV line intensity. However, when the mass accretion rate approaches the critical threshold, the accretion flow is decelerated by the radiative force, leading to a less efficient production of free neutrons and a corresponding drop in the flux of the spectral line. This makes the brightest X-ray pulsars unsuitable candidates for γ-ray line detection. In this work, we present a theoretical framework for predicting the optimal X-ray luminosity required to detect a redshifted 2.2 MeV line in a strongly magnetized NS. As the INTErnational Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL) mission nears its conclusion, we have undertaken a thorough investigation of the SPectrometer on board INTEGRAL (SPI) data of this line in a representative sample of accreting NSs. No redshifted 2.2 MeV line was detected. For each spectrum, we have determined the 3σ upper limits of the line intensity, assuming different values of the line width. Although the current upper limits are still significantly above the expected line intensity, they offer valuable information for designing future gamma-ray telescopes aimed at bridging the observational MeV gap. Our findings suggest that advancing our understanding of the emission mechanism of the 2.2 MeV line, as well as the accretion flow responsible for it, will require a substantial increase in sensitivity from future MeV missions. For example, for a bright X-ray binary such as Sco X−1, we would need at least a 3σ line point source sensitivity of ≈10−6 ph cm−2 s−1, that is, about two orders of magnitude better than that currently achieved.
Ketogene Ernährung: eine empfehlenswerte Therapiealternative?
Authors: Contzen Barbara
Published: September 2024

Die autosomal-dominante polyzystische Nierenerkrankung (ADPKD) ist mit einer Prävalenz von 1:1000 eine der häufigsten monogenetischen Nierenerkrankungen, die durch die fortschreitende Entwicklung und Vergrößerung von Nierenzysten zur terminalen Niereninsuffizienz führen kann. Ebenso können auch andere Organe, wie z. B. die Leber oder das Pankreas, von Zysten betroffen sein. Als Therapiemöglichkeit der ADPKD kann zurzeit nur eine Behandlungsmethode in Betracht gezogen werden, die mit unerwünschten Nebenwirkungen verbunden ist. In der aktuellen Literatur findet sich eine Reihe von Hinweisen, dass eine ketogene Ernährungstherapie (KET) das Wachstum der Nierenzysten hemmen oder zur Rückbildung führen kann.