bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A nurse-led pre-hospital triage service for identifying patients with occlusive myocardial infarction: a service evaluation
Authors: Knoery Charles , Bloe Charlie , Iftikhar Aleeha , Bond Raymond , Manktelow Matthew , McGilligan Victoria , Rjoob Khaled , Peace Aaron , McShane Anne , Heaton Janet , Leslie Stephen James
Published: April 2022

Background/Aims

Acute coronary syndromes include unstable angina and myocardial infarction, of which occlusive myocardial infarction is a high-risk subset that is often missed because of a lack of ST elevation. Pre-hospital electrocardiograms may be able to identify myocardial infarction early and reduce mortality. However, it is unclear whether pre-hospital electrocardiograms can accurately detect occlusive myocardial infarction and how this affects outcomes. This study will analyse the outcomes of patients with occlusive myocardial infarction who had a pre-hospital electrocardiogram.

Method

Electrocardiograms transmitted to the coronary care unit triage service were identified, along with data regarding patient demographics, referrals and mortality. Data were analysed for correlations between demographic and clinical factors and type of myocardial infarction.

Results

A total of 838 electrocardiograms were identified; 69 (8.2%) showed myocardial infarction and eight (1.0%) showed occlusive myocardial infarction, of which 50% had ST elevation. Patients with occlusive myocardial infarction were more likely to be triaged to the coronary care unit than patients with non-occlusive myocardial infarction (P=0.04). However, 38 (55.1%) of the patients with myocardial infarction and four (50.0%) of the patients with occlusive myocardial infarction were not directed to a coronary care unit or the catheterisation laboratory. Patients with occlusive myocardial infarction had higher index episode mortality rates (P=0.03) and 30-day mortality rates (P<0.01).

Conclusions

Despite pre-hospital electrocardiogram transmission and adherence to the guidelines, triage of myocardial infarction and occlusive myocardial infarction is imperfect. Refinement of risk scores and adaptation of new technology is required to help identify patients with occlusive myocardial infarction so they can be prioritised for immediate reperfusion therapy.
Dentistry for veterinary nurses: what you can see in the consultation room
Authors: Ramsden Sarah
Published: April 2022

Registered veterinary nurses provide the tools for oral care, whether that be in the consulting room or in a dental suite. It is their job to make sure owners understand the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene to help their pet live a pain free life. This is done through dental clinics and being confident in the products and services being offered. Veterinary nurses can educate owners on the facts of dental disease and help them understand that most of the dental disease is below the gum line. It is also important to have sound knowledge on what normal looks like so that abnormalities can be detected.
Chronic illness and resilience in the veterinary industry
Authors: Huitson Kelly
Published: April 2022

Chronic illnesses affect approximately 26 million people in the UK, with 10 million people having multiple conditions. The effect of often ‘invisible illnesses’ can be debilitating in their symptoms, compounded by the associated stigma, fear and anxiety the individuals suffer. This article looks at a small selection of chronic illnesses and their effects, as well as how to help colleagues or staff, and ensure consideration is given to all the team, no matter how ‘healthy’ they appear.
Assessing Youth Safety Knowledge with the Agricultural Experience Tracker (AET)
Authors: Smalley Scott W. , Perry Dustin K. , Shultz Alyx , Lawver Rebecca G. , Pate Michael Lynn , Hanagriff Roger , Ewell Clay
Published: April 2022

Highlights

The data generated in this study meet a need for a national sample of youth to examine youth safety knowledge.

Changing demographics of youth with limited agriculture experience should be considered in the design of safety training and design of agricultural equipment.

Future research is needed to determine the impact of safety training and at what point students receive this instruction in agricultural education programs.

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to assess the safety knowledge of youth in high school agricultural education. The target population consisted of youth ages 14 to 18 who were enrolled in school-based agricultural education (SBAE) programs that used the Agricultural Experience Tracker (AET) safety knowledge assessment between May 2019 and June 2020 (N = 1,451). The safety knowledge questions were randomly generated from the curriculum resources of the National Safe Tractor and Machinery Operation Program (NSTMOP). The test consisted of 50 multiple-choice questions, with one point awarded for each correct answer, and covered topics such as safety basics, agricultural hazards, tractors, connecting and using implements with tractors, and materials handling. The majority of students were male (n = 847, 58.4%). The highest proportion of students were enrolled in the 11th grade at the time of the test. Most respondents indicated that they were from a rural area (52.0%). Test scores for the 1,451 students ranged from a minimum of 4% to a maximum of 98%. Within each independent variable, test scores averaged in the low 60s, with the exception of test scores for students in 9th grade, which averaged 56.43%. Research and continuing education are needed to influence the behavior of young workers in agricultural settings. Keywords: Assessment, Education, Safety, Youth.
Work Ability Among Older Adult Farm Workers in Thailand
Authors: Lertvarayut Teepapipat , Arphorn Sara , Tangtong Chaiyanun , Maneerat Yaowapa , Ishimaru Tomohiro
Published: April 2022

Highlights

Farm work is characterized by physically demanding activities that are frequently associated with ergonomic and injury risks. Farm workers’ psychomotor abilities and muscle mass decrease with age, leading to increased injury risk and decreased work ability.

Work ability (WA) was measured using the Work Ability Index (WAI), a self-assessment questionnaire. Results showed that the most common WA level was moderate. WAI scores were correlated with demographic characteristics and health behaviors.

The findings suggest that improvement programs should promote enhanced work ability for aging workers to prevent injuries and premature retirement.

Abstract. This study assessed the work ability (WA) and identify the factors affecting WA among older adult farm workers in Thailand. A total of 170 older adult farm workers (90 male, 80 female) completed a two-part WA self-assessment questionnaire comprising work-related items and the Work Ability Index (WAI) to determine WA. Total WAI scores ranged from 7 to 49. The average WAI score was 36.0, which is a moderate level. Univariate correlation analysis showed that WAI level was associated with regular medication intake, exercise behavior, sleep duration, health status, and pain symptoms. Body height and income were significantly associated with WAI score. Multivariate correlation analysis showed that WAI level was significantly associated with exercise behavior (odds ratio = 3.12, 95% CI [-1.91, -0.36], p < 0.05) and sleep duration (odds ratio = 2.44, 95% CI [-1.53, -0.26], p < 0.05). WAI score was significantly associated with body height. Older adult farm workers’ WA was generally moderate, and it did not differ by sex. The findings suggest that enhancing older adult workers’ exercise behavior, sleep duration, and related factors would restore or increase their ability to work, promote their health, prevent injuries, and prevent early retirement and work-related disability. Keywords: Aging, Farm worker, Older adult, Thailand, Work ability, Work ability index.
Optimal Power Flow Through Variable Frequency Transformer Using Different Optimization Techniques
Authors: Sheikh Aabid Hussain , Bakhsh Farhad Ilahi
Published: April 2022

For synchronous and asynchronous connectivity of separate power grids, phase shifting transformers (PST), the high-voltage-direct-current (HVDC) converters and variable-frequency-transformer (VFT) are viable options. Natural damping and high overloading capabilities are inherent in the VFT, which is critical for power grid reliability and stability. This article reports the optimal power flow across a power system involving the implementation of several meta-heuristic optimization techniques based control strategy. Several optimization techniques are applied to optimize the gains of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller which aids in regulating the system dynamic response. The firefly algorithm based PID controller performs better in contrast to other optimization techniques in improving the system dynamics. The DC motor accustomed with PID controller provides the required torque necessary for power transfer between two connected grids. Sensitivity analysis is exhibited to inspect the strength of developed power system against deviations in certain system parameters. A separate study is done for the asynchronous operation of VFT based power system using firefly algorithm with different DC motor torque. To validate the effect of VFT over HVDC total harmonic distortion analysis has been carried out to check for the harmonic content in the rotor and stator current of VFT.
Design and Implementation of Different Drive Topologies for Control of Induction Motor for Electric Vehicle Application
Authors: Husain Mohammed Aslam , Rajput Ritik , Gupta Maneesh Kumar , Tabrez Md , Ahmad Md. Waseem , Bakhsh Farhad Ilahi
Published: April 2022

To improve driving range in Electric vehicles (EV), parallel-series connection of battery cells is a necessity. Supressing the circulating current in the battery board of parallel connected battery strings helps improve the lifespan of the batteries. This study presents a comparison of the requirements of parallel strings of batteries in three different popular topologies for open end winding induction motor (IM) drives in EV. The topologies analyzed are a 3-phase voltage source inverter (VSI), a Dual fed inverter and three single-phase H-Bridge VSIs. These converters are modulated using Space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) as it has better performance compared to Sine PWM. MATLAB-Simulink models are developed for the converter topologies. The simulation results show that the three single-phase inverter topology feeding the drive is the best alternative when compared on the basis of battery requirement and switch loss. Moreover, each H-bridge inverter (in the three single-phase inverter topology) can be used as charger and the problem of circulating current during charging will also be least as compared to other schemes.
Prediction of wavefront distortion for wavefront sensorless adaptive optics based on deep learning
Authors: Li Yushuang , Yue Dan , He Yihao
Published: April 2022

Aimed at the slow detection speed and low measurement accuracy of wavefront aberration in current wavefront sensorless adaptive optic technology, different convolution neural networks (CNNs) are established to detect the turbulence wavefront, including an ordinary convolutional neural network, a ResNet network, and an EfficientNet-B0 network. By using the nonlinear fitting ability of deep neural networks, the mapping relationship between Zernike coefficients and focal degraded image can be established. The simulation results show that the optimal network model after training can quickly and efficiently predict the Zernike coefficients directly from a single focal degraded image. The root-mean-square errors of the wavefront detection accuracy of the three networks are

0.075

λ

,

0.058

λ

, and

0.013

λ

, and the time consumed for predicting the wavefront from the single degraded image are 2.3, 4.6, and 3.4 ms, respectively. Among the three networks presented, the EfficientNet-B0 CNN has obvious advantages in wavefront detection accuracy and speed under different turbulence intensities than the ordinary CNN and ResNet networks. Compared with the traditional method, the deep learning method has the advantages of high precision and fast speed, without iteration and the local minimum problem, when solving wavefront aberration.
Latency-aware network architectures for 5G backhaul and fronthaul
Authors: Larrabeiti D. , Otero G. , Fernández-Palacios J. P. , Contreras L. M. , Hernández J. A.
Published: April 2022

5G poses important challenges regarding latency management, specially in fronthaul and backhaul traffic transport. Operators are combining standards in search of a unified architecture that features virtualization, programmability and performance control.
Highly Reliable Outdoor 400G FSO Transmission Enabled by ANN Channel Estimation
Authors: Fernandes Marco A. , Nascimento J. Leonardo , Monteiro Paulo P. , Guiomar Fernando P.
Published: April 2022

Using an ANN channel estimator, we experimentally demonstrate an outdoor 400G FSO-link with slow-fading prediction and compensation. A transmission reliability of more than 99% is obtained after 3-hour BER measurements.
The Future of Optical Transport: Architectures and Technologies from an Operator Perspective
Authors: Lord Andrew
Published: April 2022

This tutorial paper reviews recent developments in optical transport architectures from an operator’s perspective, focusing on how coherent technologies will push towards the network edge © 2022 The Author(s)
Multi-targeting of K-Ras domains and mutations by peptide and small molecule inhibitors
Authors: Poorebrahim Mansour , Abazari Mohammad Foad , Moradi Leila , Shahbazi Behzad , Mahmoudi Reza , Kalhor Hourieh , Askari Hassan , Teimoori-Toolabi Ladan
Published: April 2022

K-Ras activating mutations are significantly associated with tumor progression and aggressive metastatic behavior in various human cancers including pancreatic cancer. So far, despite a large number of concerted efforts, targeting of mutant-type K-Ras has not been successful. In this regard, we aimed to target this oncogene by a combinational approach consisting of small peptide and small molecule inhibitors. Based on a comprehensive analysis of structural and physicochemical properties of predominantly K-Ras mutants, an anti-cancer peptide library and a small molecule library were screened to simultaneously target oncogenic mutations and functional domains of mutant-type K-Ras located in the P-loop, switch I, and switch II regions. The selected peptide and small molecule showed notable binding affinities to their corresponding binding sites, and hindered the growth of tumor cells carrying K-RasG12Dand K-RasG12Cmutations. Of note, the expression of K-Ras downstream genes (i.e., CTNNB1, CCND1) was diminished in the treated Kras-positive cells. In conclusion, our combinational platform signifies a new potential for blockade of oncogenic K-Ras and thereby prevention of tumor progression and metastasis. However, further validations are still required regarding thein vitroandin vivoefficacy and safety of this approach.
Impact of mass distribution of insecticide-treated nets in Mozambique, 2012 to 2025: Estimates of child lives saved using the Lives Saved Tool
Authors: Wetzler Erica A. , Park Chulwoo , Arroz Jorge A. H. , Chande Marta , Mussambala Figueiredo , Candrinho Baltazar
Published: April 2022

Malaria was the leading cause of post-neonatal deaths in Mozambique in 2017. The use of insecticide treated nets (ITNs) is recognized as one of the most effective ways to reduce malaria mortality in children. No previous analyses have estimated changes in mortality attributable to the scale-up of ITNs, accounting for provincial differences in mortality rates and coverage of health interventions. Based upon annual provincial ownership coverage of ITNs, the Lives Saved Tool (LiST), a multi-cause mathematical model, estimated under-5 lives saved attributable to increased household ITN coverage in 10 provinces of Mozambique between 2012 and 2018, and projected lives saved from 2019 to 2025 if 2018 coverage levels are sustained. An estimated 14,040 under-5 child deaths were averted between 2012 and 2018. If 2018 coverage levels are maintained until 2025, an additional 33,277 child deaths could be avoided. If coverage reaches at least 85% in all ten provinces by 2022, then a projected 36,063 child lives can be saved. From 2012 to 2018, the estimated number of lives saved was highest in Zambezia and Tete provinces. Increases in ITN coverage can save a substantial number of child lives in Mozambique. Without continued investment, thousands of avoidable child deaths will occur.
Maternal and child surveillance in peri-urban communities: Perceptions of women and community health workers from Pakistan
Authors: Khalid Ayesha , Adamjee Rehan , Sattar Saima , Hoodbhoy Zahra
Published: April 2022

Community health workers (CHWs) in maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) programs play an important role in demographic surveillance activities; however, there is lack of literature regarding the community and CHWs’ perceptions about these activities. The purpose of this study was to explore perceptions of married women of reproductive age (MWRA) regarding the role of CHWs involved in maternal and child surveillance and explore facilitators and barriers for CHWs involved in surveillance activities. A qualitative study was conducted in five peri-urban surveillance sites along the coastal belt of Bin Qasim Town, Karachi, Pakistan. In-depth interviews were conducted with 25 randomly selected MWRAs and 15 CHWs. A thematic analysis was performed to explore perceptions, barriers, and facilitators of the study participants about maternal and child surveillance activities. The results showed that MWRAs perceived surveillance CHWs as service providers with regards to standard counselling i.e. importance of antenatal care, nutrition, immunization, and distribution of iron and folic acid tablets to pregnant women, child growth assessment, and referral of sick children to the health facility. Trust in the CHWs was an enabler for MWRAs, whereas lack of incentives was cited as a barrier to share their health data. CHWs perceived themselves as a bridge in liaising community with the primary health care facility. They highlighted an enabling environment such as appreciation, supportive supervision, training, and utilization of digital data collection tools as facilitators for their work. Low health literacy of the communities, lack of provision of incentives by CHWs to the community, and facility-based experiences of the community were reported as barriers. Surveillance CHWs are an integral link between the health facility and MWRAs. Hence an enabling environment may lead to improved health service delivery, translating into meaningful impact for the mother and child.
Assessment of RNA extraction protocols from cladocerans
Authors: Razak Muhammad Raznisyafiq , Aris Ahmad Zaharin , Md Yusoff Fatimah , Yusof Zetty Norhana Balia , Kim Sang Don , Kim Kyoung Woong
Published: April 2022

The usage of cladocerans as non-model organisms in ecotoxicological and risk assessment studies has intensified in recent years due to their ecological importance in aquatic ecosystems. The molecular assessment such as gene expression analysis has been introduced in ecotoxicological and risk assessment to link the expression of specific genes to a biological process in the cladocerans. The validity and accuracy of gene expression analysis depends on the quantity, quality and integrity of extracted ribonucleic acid (RNA) of the sample. However, the standard methods of RNA extraction from the cladocerans are still lacking. This study evaluates the extraction of RNA from tropical freshwater cladocerans Moina micrura using two methods: the phenol-chloroform extraction method (QIAzol) and a column-based kit (Qiagen Micro Kit). Glycogen was introduced in both approaches to enhance the recovery of extracted RNA and the extracted RNA was characterised using spectrophotometric analysis (NanoDrop), capillary electrophoresis (Bioanalyzer). Then, the extracted RNA was analysed with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to validate the RNA extraction method towards downstream gene expression analysis. The results indicate that the column-based kit is most suitable for the extraction of RNA from M. micrura, with the quantity (RNA concentration = 26.90 ± 6.89 ng/μl), quality (A260:230 = 1.95 ± 0.15, A280:230 = 1.85 ± 0.09) and integrity (RNA integrity number, RIN = 7.20 ± 0.16). The RT-PCR analysis shows that the method successfully amplified both alpha tubulin and actin gene at 33–35 cycles (i.e. Ct = 32.64 to 33.48). The results demonstrate that the addition of glycogen is only suitable for the phenol-chloroform extraction method. RNA extraction with high and comprehensive quality control assessment will increase the accuracy and reliability of downstream gene expression, thus providing more ecotoxicological data at the molecular biological level on other freshwater zooplankton species.
“I’m suffering for food”: Food insecurity and access to social protection for TB patients and their households in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Vanleeuw Lieve , Zembe-Mkabile Wanga , Atkins Salla
Published: April 2022

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health concern and the number one cause of death in South Africa. Social protection programmes can strengthen the resilience of TB patients, their families and households. This study aimed to get a better understanding of the role of social protection and other forms of support in relation to the burden of TB on patients and their households in South Africa.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional exploratory qualitative study using a phenomenological approach to focus on the lived experiences and perceptions of TB patients and healthcare workers. We interviewed 16 patients and six healthcare workers and analysed data thematically.

Results

The challenges faced by participants were closely related to household challenges. Participants reported a heavy physical burden, aggravated by a lack of nutritious food and that households could not provide the food they needed. Some needed to resort to charity. At the same time, households were significantly affected by the burden of caring for the patient—and remained the main source of financial, emotional and physical support. Participants reported challenges and costs associated with the application process and high levels of discretion by the assessing doctor allowing doctors’ opinions and beliefs to influence their assessment.

Conclusion

Access to adequate nutritious food was a key issue for many patients and this need strained already stretched households and budgets. Few participants reported obtaining state social protection support during their illness, but many reported challenges and high costs of trying to access it. Further research should be conducted on support mechanisms and interventions for TB patients, but also their households, including food support, social protection and contact tracing. In deciding eligibility for grants, the situation of the household should be considered in addition to the individual patient.
The regulatory effect of herd structure on pig production under the environmental regulation
Authors: Wang Gangyi , Shen Yuzhuo , Li Chunlei , Zhu Qiuping , ZhanBota Aidyn
Published: April 2022

Integrating pig production stability and pollution control is a matter of social livelihood and green development. This paper estimates the policy effectiveness of environmental regulation based on the big data of Chinese government websites and combines the pig production data of various provinces in China from 2008 to 2018 to construct a mediating effect model, empirically analyzing the relationship between environmental regulations, herd structure, and pig production. Research shows: (1) Improving environmental regulations in the short term will increase the slaughter of pigs, but in the long run it will decrease first and then increase; (2) At this stage, environmental regulations can increase the slaughter of pigs by changing the herd structure; (3) Reasonable adjustment of the herd structure can effectively increase the slaughter of pigs; (4) The herd structure can be used as a supplementary monitoring indicator to stabilize the supply of pigs. Combine it with the change rate of sow stock to provide early warning of fluctuations in pig production, and the early warning herd structure values are 0.0980 and 0.1135. There are two key initiatives to achieve supply and price stability in the pig industry that taking into account environmental protection: first, an industrial regulation instrument based on the herd structure needs to be established; second, an early warning system for pig production fluctuations should be established with reference to the early warning system for pork price fluctuations.
Efficacy assessment of a novel endolysin PlyAZ3aT for the treatment of ceftriaxone-resistant pneumococcal meningitis in an infant rat model
Authors: Valente Luca G. , Le Ngoc Dung , Pitton Melissa , Chiffi Gabriele , Grandgirard Denis , Jakob Stephan M. , Cameron David R. , Resch Grégory , Que Yok-Ai , Leib Stephen L.
Published: April 2022

Background

Treatment failure in pneumococcal meningitis due to antibiotic resistance is an increasing clinical challenge and alternatives to antibiotics warrant investigation. Phage-derived endolysins efficiently kill gram-positive bacteria including multi-drug resistant strains, making them attractive therapeutic candidates. The current study assessed the therapeutic potential of the novel endolysin PlyAZ3aT in an infant rat model of ceftriaxone-resistant pneumococcal meningitis.

Methods

Efficacy of PlyAZ3aT was assessed in a randomized, blinded and controlled experimental study in infant Wistar rats. Meningitis was induced by intracisternal infection with 5 x 107 CFU/ml of a ceftriaxone-resistant clinical strain of S. pneumoniae, serotype 19A. Seventeen hours post infection (hpi), animals were randomized into 3 treatment groups and received either (i) placebo (phosphate buffered saline [PBS], n = 8), (ii) 50 mg/kg vancomycin (n = 10) or (iii) 400 mg/kg PlyAZ3aT (n = 8) via intraperitoneal injection. Treatments were repeated after 12 h. Survival at 42 hpi was the primary outcome; bacterial loads in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood were secondary outcomes. Additionally, pharmacokinetics of PlyAZ3aT in serum and CSF was assessed.

Results

PlyAZ3aT did not improve survival compared to PBS, while survival for vancomycin treated animals was 70% which is a significant improvement when compared to PBS or PlyAZ3aT (p<0.05 each). PlyAZ3aT was not able to control the infection, reflected by the inability to reduce bacterial loads in the CSF, whereas Vancomycin sterilized the CSF and within 25 h. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that PlyAZ3aT did not cross the blood brain barrier (BBB). In support, PlyAZ3aT showed a peak concentration of 785 μg/ml in serum 2 h after intraperitoneal injection but could not be detected in CSF.

Conclusion

In experimental pneumococcal meningitis, PlyAZ3aT failed to cure the infection due to an inability to reach the CSF. Optimization of the galenic formulation e.g. using liposomes might enable crossing of the BBB and improve treatment efficacy.
Do family and maternal background matter? A multilevel approach to modelling mental health status of Australian youth using longitudinal data
Authors: Hashmi Rubayyat , Alam Khorshed , Gow Jeff , March Sonja
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Most previous research place great importance on the influence of family and maternal background on child and adolescents’ mental health. However, age of onset studies indicates that the majority of the mental health disease prevalence occurs during the youth years. This study investigates the relationship of family and maternal background, as well as individual circumstance on youth mental health status.

Method

Data from 975 participants and 4632 observations of aged cohort 15 to 19 years in the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) longitudinal study were followed for 10 years (2007–2017). Multilevel logistic regression models were used to analyse the impact of youth circumstances on mental health status.

Results

The findings suggests that not all dimensions of family and maternal background (especially maternal education) have impacts on youth mental health. We found low household income (AOR: 1.572, 95% CI: 1.017–2.43) and adverse living arrangement (AOR: 1.586, 95% CI: 1.097–2.294) significantly increases mental disorder odds whereas maternal education or occupation fixed effects were not significant. Individual level circumstances have much stronger impact on youth mental health. We found financial shock (AOR: 1.412, 95% CI: 1.277–1.561), life event shock (AOR: 1.157, 95% CI: 1.01–1.326), long term health conditions (AOR: 2.855, 95% CI: 2.042–3.99), smoking (AOR: 1.676, 95% CI: 1.162–2.416), drinking (AOR: 1.649, 95% CI: 1.286–2.114) and being female (AOR: 2.021, 95% CI: 1.431–2.851) have significant deteriorating effects on youth mental health.

Conclusions

Our finding is in contrast to the majority of studies in the literature which give a preeminent role to maternal characteristics in child and youth mental health status. Mental health interventions should consider heterogeneity of adverse youth circumstances and health-related behaviours.
Andrá tutto bene! Musicking together and apart: The role of popular music and singing during the COVID-19 period in Italy
Authors: Coppi Antonella , van der Sandt Johann
Published: April 2022

The role and power of music in community life are indisputable. Music not only inspires people to continue struggling and fight for their rights but also plays a comforting role in times of grief, loss or in the face of hardship like the COVID-19 crisis has brought upon the world. Music is fundamental to our social roots, and the fundamental link that music provides for us is about emotion and communicative expression. Popular songs shared from windows and balconies became a means for emotional expression and communication in all regions of the Italian peninsula during the COVID-19 lockdown (March–May 2020). This article offers a report of qualitative research using a phenomenological approach on what role popular music played during that period.
Evaluasi Penggunaan Antibiotik dengan Metode Gyssens pada Penyakit Infeksi dan Pola Sensitivitas Bakteri di Ruang Rawat Inap Anak Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo
Authors: Karyanti Mulya Rahma , Faisha Karina
Published: April 2022

Latar belakang. Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat pada penyakit infeksi akan menyebabkan resistensi bakteri dan dapat memperburuk kondisi pasien. Evaluasi diperlukan dari sejumlah faktor yang memengaruhi, pola bakteri penyebab, dan penggunaan antibiotik yang memengaruhi luaran.Tujuan. Mengetahui profil sensitivitas bakteri, penggunaan antibiotik dan faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap mortalitas penyakit infeksi anakMetode. Penelitian kohort retrospektif dan studi deskriptif terhadap 254 pasien di RSCM pada Januari-Desember 2018. Riwayat medis, pola kuman, sensitivitas antibiotik dan penggunaan antibiotik didata serta faktor yang memengaruhi dianalisis menggunakan uji regresi logistik multivariat.Hasil. Bakteri terbanyak adalah Gram negatif 57,1% diikuti Gram positif 42,8%. Hampir semua golongan bakteri sensitif dengan ampisilin sulbaktam (87,5-100%). Amoksisilin klavulanat, tigesiklin dan vankomisin sensitif terhadap bakteri Gram positif (100%). Amikasin dan meropenem sensitif terhadap bakteri Gram negatif (80-100%). Evaluasi penggunaan antibiotik berdasarkan kriteria Gyssens didapatkan penggunaan antibiotik yang tepat 68,1%. Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat paling banyak disebabkan adanya alternatif antibiotik yang lebih efektif yaitu 16,1%.Kesimpulan. Kesalahan tersering yang ditemukan dalam penggunaan antibiotik disebabkan oleh ketidaktersediaan antibiotik di RS saat diresepkan dan ketidakmampuan keluarga pasien untuk membeli antibiotik. Evaluasi penggunaan antibiotik secara kualitatif dengan metode Gyssens di ruang rawat inap anak didapatkan pemilihan antibiotik yang tepat sebesar 68,1%.
Faktor - Faktor yang Memengaruhi Terjadinya Laringomalasia pada Anak dengan Penyakit Refluks Gastroesofageal
Authors: Ninditya Lina , Indawati Wahyuni , Prawira Yogi , Gayatri Pramita
Published: April 2022

Latar belakang. Penyakit refluks gastroesofageal (PRGE) merupakan komorbiditas tersering pada pasien dengan laringomalasia. Banyak studi yang sudah membuktikan adanya hubungan antara PRGE dengan laringomalasia. Namun, sejauh ini belum ada studi yang mempelajari faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi terjadinya laringomalasia pada pasien dengan PRGE. Tujuan. Mengetahui proporsi laringomalasia pada anak dengan PRGE dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi (prematuritas, orang tua dengan riwayat dispepsia, pola makan dan disfungsi neurologis) terjadinya laringomalasia pada anak dengan PRGE. Metode. Merupakan studi prognostik dengan desain potong lintang pada 88 anak dengan diagnosis PRGE yang diambil dari rekam medis RSCM mulai dari tahun 2017 hingga 2020. Analisis data menggunakan chi-square/Fisher and logistic regression.Hasil. Proporsi laringomalasia didapatkan 12,5%. Tidak ada faktor yang memengaruhi terjadinya laringomalasia pada anak dengan PRGE. Namun, penelitian ini melihat adanya kecenderungan terjadinya laringomalasia pada subyek dengan pajanan asap rokok, adanya asupan makanan/minuman tengah malam, palsi serebral, dan pola makan yang tidak sesuai dengan feeding rule. Kesimpulan. Adanya kecenderungan terjadinya laringomalasia pada subyek dengan pajanan asap rokok, adanya asupan makanan/minuman tengah malam, dan pola makan yang tidak sesuai dengan feeding rule.
Intoleransi Minum pada Neonatus Kurang Bulan dan Lactobacillus Reuteri DSM 17938
Authors: Kaban Risma Kerina
Published: April 2022

Neonatus bulan memiliki risiko mortalitas dan morbiditas yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan neonatus cukup bulan. Berbagai komplikasi jangka pendek maupun panjang dapat timbul karena imaturitas sistem organ saat dilahirkan, termasuk imaturitas sistem gastrointestinal. Imaturitas saluran cerna meliputi aspek anatomis, fungsi sensorimotor, dan fungsi fisiologis. Komplikasi yang umum terjadi pada neonatus kurang bulan adalah intoleransi minum bahkan enterokolitis nekrotikans, sedangkan nutrisi merupakan komponen krusial dalam perawatan neonatus kurang bulan. Salah satu faktor yang berperan penting dalam intoleransi minum neonatus kurang bulan adalah disbiosis intestinal yang menyebabkan terganggunya integritas mukosa dan keseimbangan mikrobiota saluran cerna. Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan suplementasi probiotik dapat membantu mencegah dan memperbaiki toleransi minum pada neonatus secara umum termasuk pada neonatus kurang bulan. Beberapa spesies probiotik telah diteliti, salah satunya adalah strain Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938. Suplementasi Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 pada neonatus kurang bulan terbukti memperbaiki berbagai parameter toleransi minum baik secara klinis maupun molekular dan mengurangi angka kejadian enterokolitis nekrotikans tanpa efek samping bermakna.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND FEATURES OF SURFACE MICROBIAL COMPLEXES OF LICHENS AND THEIR GROWTH SUBSTRATES
Authors: Skugoreva Svetlana Gennad'yevna , Domracheva Lyudmila Ivanovna , Fokina Anna Ivanovna , Domnina Elena Alexandrovna , Kulakov Vasiliy Nikolayevich , Korotkikh Anastasiya Igorevna , Ashikhmina Tamara Yakovlevna
Published: April 2022

The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of the chemical composition and features of the surface microbial complexes of three species of epigeic lichens (Cladonia rangiferina (L.), Cetraria islandica (L.), Peltigera horizontalis (Huds.)), one species of epiphytic lichen (Hypogymni aphysodes (L.) Nyl.) and their growth substrates. It was found that the accumulation of inorganic ions by epigeic lichens exceeds their content in the soil by 4–450 times. Maximum biochemical mobility is characteristic of nutrients (potassium ions, phosphate ions). P. horizontalis and C. islandica were characterized by high biochemical mobility of copper and zinc, and H. physodes of cadmium and lead, and therefore these species of lichens can be considered bioaccumulators of these elements. The epiphytic lichen H. physodes was characterized by a relatively high content of phenolic compounds, which indicates its good antioxidant properties. Different physiological groups made the maximum contribution to the structure of microbial populations on the surface of lichens. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria dominated in the microbial complex in the epiphytic lichen H. physodes, and ammonifiers in the epigeic lichens. There is a direct correlation between the number of ammonifiers and the total number of microorganisms on the surface of epigeic lichens and their number in the soil under lichens. The gram-positive spore bacterium Bacillus polymyxa was isolated from the surface of the leafy lichen C. rangiferina (L.) into a pure culture, for which a high antagonistic activity was established with respect to phytopathogenic fungi pp. Fusarium and Alternaria. In the future, this strain can become the basis for the creation of an environmentally friendly biological product to combat plant diseases.
PROCESSING OF SUNFLOWER HUSK BY OXIDATIVE TORREFACTION
Authors: Islamova Svetlana Ivanovna , Dobrynin Aleksey Borisovich
Published: April 2022

The paper presents for the first time an experimental study of the processing of sunflower husk pellets by oxidative torrefaction inside a kaolin chamotte layer. The process temperature was 280 °C, which contributed to significant changes in the chemical composition, thermal properties and morphology of plant biomass. Kaolin chamotte was used to limit the supply of oxygen to sunflower husk and suppress oxidation reactions and didn’t have a catalytic effect on the biomass destruction process. Torrefaction time and layer height of kaolin chamotte varied in the range of 30-60 min and 3-5 cm, respectively. As a result of oxidative torrefaction, a decrease in the amount of volatiles in sunflower husk was obtained, as well as an increase in ash content and fixed carbon. Comparison of the atomic ratios H/C and O/C before and after torrefaction showed that the elemental composition of sunflower husk shifted toward peat. The maximum value of the heat of combustion (22 MJ/kg) was obtained for the sample torrefied at 60 min and 4 cm. The diffusion mode of torrefaction was carried out at the investigated temperature, and the process time had the greatest influence on the change in the mass yield. It was found that during oxidative torrefaction kaolin chamotte effectively reduced the diffusion of oxygen into the biomass and suppressed the oxidation reactions. The obtained torrefied sunflower husk were characterized by improved fuel properties, which can positively affect the speed and efficiency of their subsequent thermochemical conversion.
ANALYSIS OF EXTRACTION PRODUCTS AND WATER-ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS OF TECHNICAL BIRCH BARK UNDER THE ACTION OF MICROWAVE EMF
Authors: Koptelova Elena Nikolaevna , Kutakova Natal'ia Alekseevna , Tretjakov Sergey Ivanovich , Faleva Anna Viktorovna
Published: April 2022

Research has been carried out on the separation of betulin and suberin from the debarking waste of the pulpwood of the Arkhangelsk PPM, crushed on an abrasive crusher. The extraction of betulin from various fractions of technical bark was carried out by the method of extraction with 86% ethyl alcohol using microwave EMF (microwave extraction). Suberin was isolated from the extracted bark by hydrolysis with an aqueous solution of KOH also under microwave heating conditions. The maximum yield of betulin and suberin is achieved when using coarse bark fractions (3–4.5 mm), which are crushed birch bark.

The resulting products were identified by IRS, NMR, and GC with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The quantitative content of components in bark extracts was determined by HPLC analysis. The triterpenoid betulinol (70–72%) predominates in the composition of extractives, betulinic acid, lupeol, and erythrodiol are less represented. Fatty, dibasic carboxylic acids and hydroxy acids were identified in the composition of suberin monomers, 2-hydroxydecanedionic (2-hydroxysebacic) acid dominates. The quantitative content of ferulic acid, a natural antioxidant, was determined in the product from different fractions of the bark (from 2.65 to 11.27 g/kg). Suberin obtained from small fractions of the bark differs from suberin from large fractions in composition. Ribofuranose and xylose were found in the product from the 1–2 mm bark fraction, but absent in the product from the 2–3 mm fraction; lanosterol is present in suberin from the small fraction of the bark, cycloartenol from the large one.
STUDY OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND MINERAL COMPOSITION OF UNDERGROUND ORGANS OF EU-PHORBIA FISCHERIANA STEUD.
Authors: Martynov Al'bert Mikhaylovich , Chuparina Elena Vladimirovna , Dargaeva Tamara Darizhapovna
Published: April 2022

The phenolic compounds and mineral composition were studied in underground organs of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud. This plant is widely used in folk medicine. No data about concentrations of macro and microelements in spurge euphorbia have been available. There is partial information concerning some organic compounds. Therefore, it was necessary to supplement its composition with experimental data. For this purpose, nine compounds of phenolic structure were identified in the roots by high-performance liquid chromatography: phenolic acids (caffeic, gallic, chicory, neochlorogenic and ferulic), coumarin, flavonoids (rutin, quercetin and catechin). Caffeic and gallic acids are predominating among phenolic acids, while rutin predominates in flavonoids. The contents of elements were determined by X-ray fluorescence, namely: Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr, Zr, Ba and Pb. The significant contents of vital elements, such as calcium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus and zinc were revealed. The contents of most microelements are low. These studies are of interest for creating new herbal drugs of polyvalent action.
MODIFICATION OF AERODYNAMIC FORMING PAPER
Authors: Malinovskaya Galina Kirillovna , Smirnova Ekaterina Grigorievna , Khripunov Al'bert Konstantinovich , Saprykina Natal'ya Nikolayevna
Published: April 2022

The use of natural nanocomponents for increasing the mechanical strength of paper in the aerodynamic method has been investigated. Milled bacterial cellulose and a fine fraction of sulphate bleached softwood cellulose formed during grinding (secondary fines) were used as nanocomponents. The treatment with nanocomponents was carried out while moistening the fibrous layer with the use of an anti-adhesive material providing uniform one sided application of substances in the form of a suspension on the paper surface. The growth of the indicators of the mechanical strength of paper occurred due to the formation of additional hydrogen bonds and an increase in the interfacial interaction between the fibrous layer of plant cellulose and the nanocomponent. It was found that the use of a suspension of bacterial cellulose is more promising due to the low consumption of the binder with a significant increase in the mechanical strength of the paper. The application of a bacterial cellulose coating layer on aerodynamically molded eucalyptus cellulose makes it possible to increase the mechanical strength of the paper to consumer requirements with the consumption of bacterial cellulose in an amount of 0.9% to 1.5% by weight of absolutely dry eucalyptus cellulose.
BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE L. VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE UDMURT REPUBLIC
Authors: Kasatkina Nadezhda Ivanovna , Nelyubina Zhanna Sergeyevna
Published: April 2022

The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative biochemical study of plant raw materials of different varieties of Trifolium pratense L. and identification of the most valuable for cultivation in the Udmurt Republic. The objects of the study were 6 varieties of Trifolium pratense L. of Russian and foreign selection. On average, over 2 (2018-2019) years of research, the varieties of Trifolium pratense L. Dymkovsky and Kudesnik were distinguished by the collection of dry aboveground biomass 5.60 and 5.99 t/ha. The plant raw materials of the studied varieties of Trifolium pratense L. contained 3.5-4.1% crude fat, 1.87-2.26% nitrogen, 0.58-0.64% phosphorus, 2.57-3.10% potassium and 1.00-1.17% calcium, which allows us to consider it as a promising source of these elements. The highest content of nitrogen and calcium was observed in the Diplo and Lestris varieties, potassium - in the Dymkovsky and Kudesnik varieties, and phosphorus-in the Rannij 2 variety. The content of the flavonoids sum in terms of rutin in the studied plant samples of Trifolium pratense L. was at the level of 1.3-2.4%, the highest - in the variety of foreign selection Lestris.
ON THE FRUIT AND VEGETABLES PLANT CELL WALL HEMICELLULOSE COMPOUND STRUCTURE
Authors: Tsareva Mariya Aleksandrovna
Published: April 2022

Plant raw material biochemical characteristics may vary depending on it`s species, organ and tissue type and even cultivation facilities, and this dependence may discover a great field of interest for researches. These researches may result not only in fundamental information on plant biochemical development regularity, but in determination of plant potential as a raw material for biological active additives obtaining. The neutral oligo- and polysachharides of cell wall belonging to hemicelluloses have different structure depending on plant tissue type and plant species. The polysachharides isolating from plant raw material can be used in food technology as thickeners and sorbents (pectin, gums), so the structure determinating for different plant species can be useful in technological potential determination of studying plant raw material for food additives obtaining. The article presents the review on hemicelluloses structures and hemicelluloses complex researches for different types of fruit and berries raw material in purchase to estimate the availability of the raw plant material as a food additives source. Analyzed resources allows us to conclude that there is no visible regularity in hemicellulose complex of studied fruit and berry species, and all of these species can be a used as a sourse of polysachharides, excepts black currant because of high level of oligosachharides and sugar beet because of low hemicellulose yields. Gelling ability appears only in polysachharides.
PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN LEAVES AND RACEMES HEDYSARUM ALPINIM L. AND H. FLAVESCENS REGEL ET SCHMALH., INTRODUCED INTO THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF WESTERN SIBERIA
Authors: Kotsupiy Ol'ga Viktorovna , Lobanova Irina Evgenievna
Published: April 2022

The change in the composition and content of phenolic compounds in the leaves and racemes of Hedysarum alpinim L. and H. flavescens Regel et Schmalh., introduced into the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia were studied. On the example of H. alpinim, the changes in the content of phenolic compounds depending on the year of harvest and on the plant organ (leaves, racemes) were studied. The content of individual substances (gallic, chlorogenic acids, mangiferin, hyperoside, rutin, avicularin and 17 components of a phenolic nature) and the content of phenolic compounds by groups (hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids, xanthones and flavonols) were determined. Differences in the content of phenolic compounds by groups (in mg / 100 g) were found between the two species of the genus Hedysarum L.: xanthones and flavonols (up to 4614.9±63.7 and 1280.0±6.7, respectively) in leaves and xanthones (up to 847.9±29.8) in racemes in H. alpinim accumulated more than xanthones and flavonols (2911.6±79.0 and 976.2±0.5, respectively) in leaves and xanthones (76.2±2.5) in racemes H. flavescen. In the leaves of H. flavescens, in comparison with the leaves of H. alpinim, the content of hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids prevails. The leaves of the studied species accumulate the most hydroxycinnamic acids and xanthones, while the racemes accumulate the most flavonols. The content of hydroxybenzoic acids, xanthones, and flavonols H. alpinim varied significantly depending on the year of observation.