bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uma abordagem de visualização gráfica para compreensão da relação entre os fatores do tratamento de Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1
Authors: Rodriguez João Pedro Mazuco , De Marchi Ana Carolina Bertoletti , Bellei Ericles Andrei , Biduski Daiana , Lisboa Hugo Roberto Kurtz
Published: August 2019

Para tratamento de Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Tipo 1, é essencial o entendimento acerca do perfil de ação de cada insulina e a correlação entre glicemia, alimentação e atividade física. Nesse cenário, o objetivo deste trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de uma forma de visualização gráfica que visa facilitar o entendimento sobre a interdependência entre os principais fatores de tratamento de DM Tipo 1.
Efetividade da gamificação em simulador de anestesia Odontológica
Authors: Ribeiro Matheus A. O. , Corrêa Cléber G. , Nunes Fátima L. S.
Published: August 2019

Devido à alta taxa de insucesso no procedimento de aplicação de anestesia odontológica, o presente trabalho apresenta o processo de gamifica- ção de um simulador deste procedimento e sua validação. A partir da revisão literária e análise do simulador, elementos de jogos foram elencados e imple- mentados. O jogo sério objetiva promover uma estratégia de aprendizagem que seja mais atraente, incentivadora e permita a avaliação do treinamento. Resul- tados parciais de um experimento com voluntários indicam que o processo de gamificação foi bem sucedido e que o jogo pode ser submetido para validação com profissionais da área de Odontologia.
Estudo da ativação de regiões encefálicas em imagens fMRI
Authors: Santos Ricardo Morello , Rodrigues Paulo Sérgio Silva
Published: August 2019

Atualmente, 93 % das regiões subcorticais são desconhecidas dos neurocientistas e, portanto, classificadas como terra incognita. Apesar dos re- centes avanços nas tecnologias de captura de imagens médicas, a qualidade das imagens coletadas in vivo ainda é baixa em relação às imagens histológicas. Por outro lado, a área de estatı́stica não-extensiva tem avançado e apresenta- dos bons resultados sobretudo em processamento de imagens. Esse trabalho propõe a utilização do filtro sigmoidal baseado em entropia não-extensiva em imagens de ressonância magnética funcional (fMRI), com o intuito de realçar e mapear regiões encefálicas ativadas durante a execução de tarefas especı́ficas.
Detection and Classification of Baseline-Wander Noise in ECG Signals Using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Decision Tree Classifier
Authors: Haider Syed Irtaza , Alhussein Musaed
Published: August 2019

An electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is usually contaminated with various noises, such as baseline-wander, power-line interference, and electromyogram (EMG) noise. Denoising must be performed to extract meaningful information from ECG signals for clinical detection of heart diseases. This work is focused on baseline-wander noise as it shares the same frequency spectrum as the ST segment of ECG signals. Hence, it is important to estimate the baseline-wander prior to its removal from ECG signals. This paper presents a method for classifying each segment of the ECG signal’s baseline-wander as minimal, moderate or large. We use the C4.5 decision tree algorithm to model the classifier using the WEKA data-mining tool. We test the proposed method on ECG signals obtained from the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database (48 ECG recordings, each slightly longer than 30 min). We use 36 ECG recordings for training the classifier with the remaining 12 ECG recordings as the test data for classification. We partition each recording into 5 second, non-overlapping segments, which result in 361 segments for each record. The classification results show that the model classifier achieves an average sensitivity of 97.36 %, specificity of 99.50 %, and overall accuracy of 98.89 % in classifying the baseline-wander noise in ECG signals. The proposed method effectively addresses the question of identifying the minimal baseline-wander segments. Moreover, the proposed framework may help in devising an algorithm for the selective filtering of moderate and large baseline-wander segments to achieve the best trade-off between accuracy and computational cost.
The Reference of “God” Revisited
Authors: Burling Hugh ,   The Society of Christian Philosophers
Published: August 2019

I argue that the reference for “God” is determined by the definite description “the being that is worthy of our worship.” I describe two desiderata for rival theories of the reference of “God” to meet: accessibility and scope. I explain the deficiencies of a view where God is dubbed “God” and the name passed down by causal chains and a view where “God” picks out the unique satisfier of a traditional definite description. After articulating the “Worship-Worthiness” view, I show how it best satisfies the desiderata. I then respond to some putative counterexamples to the view.
Jean-Luc Nancy and the Extension of the Mind
Authors: Cohen Rona ,   DePaul University
Published: August 2019

This essay explores Jean-Luc Nancy’s philosophical return to Cartesian philosophy, specifically to Descartes’s preoccupation with the relation of mind and body, as a fertile ground from which to develop an ontology of the body in (1992). It explores Nancy’s reasons for revisiting the Cartesian thinking framework, which on the face of it, is of little value to an ontology of the body. I argue that Descartes’s impasse in accounting for both mind/body dualism and their union constitutes Nancy’s point of departure in constructing an ontology of the body in , thereby transforming Descartes’s impasse into a productive aporia, in the Derridean sense of the term. To fully understand the significance of the notion of “relation” in Nancy’s’ philosophy, I turn to his reading of Lacan’s famous aphorism “there is no sexual relation” and explore its ontological implications.
INDEX TO VOL. 51 (1990)
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

INDEX TO VOL. 51 (1990)
EDUCOM stimulates librarians’ imaginations
Authors: Hubbard Willis M.
Published: August 2019

EDUCOM stimulates librarians’ imaginations
Research Forum: Impact of NTIS CD-ROM on the use of a technical report collection
Authors: Musser Linda R. , Conkling Thomas W.
Published: August 2019

Research Forum: Impact of NTIS CD-ROM on the use of a technical report collection
Letters
Authors: King Natalie S.
Published: August 2019

Letters
PUBLICATIONS
Authors: Eberhart George M.
Published: August 2019

PUBLICATIONS
Latin American seminar on official publications makes recommendations
Authors: Ford Barbara J.
Published: August 2019

Latin American seminar on official publications makes recommendations
Letters
Authors: Viera Ann , Kreitzburg M.J. , Bozeman Patricia , Schimmel Herbert D.
Published: August 2019

Letters
Letters
Authors: Pierson Robert M. , Scott Mark
Published: August 2019

Letters
Networks: ACRL's 1993-94 Annual Report
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

Networks: ACRL's 1993-94 Annual Report
The Way I See It: College libraries and the new technology
Authors: Kirk Thomas G.
Published: August 2019

The Way I See It: College libraries and the new technology
News from the Field
Authors: Davis Mary Ellen
Published: August 2019

News from the Field
Grants & Acquisitions
Authors: Spiegel Pam
Published: August 2019

Grants & Acquisitions
Letters
Authors: Scilken Marvin H.
Published: August 2019

Letters
Émotion et réflexivité : le cheminement de l’étudiante Martha pour son orientation universitaire et professionnelle
Authors: Gouédard Catherine , Bationo-Tillon Anne
Published: August 2019

L’orientation d’un étudiant est une activité délicate qui s’élabore à partir d’expériences souvent déstabilisantes, mais transitoires. Afin d’accompagner ce cheminement, l’université met en place des dispositifs pédagogiques propices à développer la réflexivité de l’étudiant relativement à son projet universitaire et professionnel. Cet article porte sur le processus d’orientation d’une étudiante universitaire en relation avec différents modules d’accompagnement. L’entretien d’explicitation est mobilisé : il est apte à documenter la dynamique évolutive de cette étudiante et participe à la conscientisation de ce processus. Il met en lumière les formes d’organisation complexes de l’activité réflexive. L’analyse fine des évocations montre des phénomènes cruciaux pour le développement de la personne concernée, notamment le rôle capital de l’émotion dans le processus de réflexivité sur son devenir.
Faire réfléchir des artistes en formation à l’enseignement des arts à des tensions identitaires
Authors: Duval Hélène
Published: August 2019

Le modèle du professionnel réflexif (Schön, 1994), adopté dans la plupart des formations à l’enseignement au Québec, incite les formateurs à développer des moyens pour faire réfléchir les étudiants. L’étude présentée vise à comprendre quels effets un dispositif à visée réflexive (Maleyrot, 2015) portant sur des tensions identitaires (Kaddouri, 2002; 2006) peut-il avoir sur la construction identitaire (Dubar, 1991) d’artistes se formant à l’enseignement? L’analyse de cinquante-trois bilans réflexifs des participants sur les apports du dispositif révèle ses retombées en affinité avec ceux documentés par la recherche : «pouvoir d’agir accru» (Chaubet et Gervais, 2014), «optimisme», «énergisation», sentiment d’efficacité accru, sentiment d’appartenance augmenté et empowerment (Brockbank et McGill, 2007; Chaubet, Kaddouri, Fischer, 2016; Osterman et Kottkamp 2004).
Le Référentiel Personnel de l’Agir Professionnel : instrument de la réflexivité des enseignants/formateurs
Authors: Amblard Denis
Published: August 2019

Le Référentiel Personnel de l’Agir Professionnel (RPAP) est un objet symbolique qui aide les praticiens, enseignant ou formateur, à agir et/ou à comprendre dans, hors et sur l’action. Notre recherche montre que sa mobilisation contribue au pilotage et au guidage des processus réflexifs de formateurs d’un dispositif de formation par alternance qui, tout en exerçant leur métier, sont usagers d’un dispositif de professionnalisation. En jouant un rôle d’instrument de médiation, le RPAP concourt au développement et/ou au renforcement d’une compétence clé, la réflexivité. Il participe notamment à la pragmatisation ou à la conceptualisation de savoirs tout en permettant aux sujets de construire du sens sur leur action.
Supervision de stage à distance : état de la recherche dans différents domaines de formation postsecondaire
Authors: Petit Matthieu , Dionne Lucie , Brouillette Louis
Published: August 2019

La supervision de stage à distance permet à des programmes d’institutions postsecondaires d’offrir un accompagnement en milieu de pratique qui remplace la supervision en présentiel. Malgré l’arrivée massive du numérique ouvrant la porte à une approche multidimensionnelle, nous en savons peu sur les pratiques des différents acteurs des stages dans ce contexte. Dans cet article, nous présentons les résultats d’une recension systématique de 43 articles sur le sujet. Par une analyse découlant des catégories de Wearne et al. (2015), nous comparons la supervision en présentiel à celle à distance, décrivons l’expérience des stagiaires et des accompagnateurs des milieux de pratique, en plus de dégager les principaux motifs, effets et enjeux issus de différents domaines de formation postsecondaire.
Rationality and Creativity Interplay in Research by Design as Seen from the Inside
Authors: Harahap M. Mirza Y. , Tregloan Kate , Nervegna Anna
Published: August 2019

While research by design is critical in the development of architecture and design knowledge, there is still a need to deeply understand the design knowledge about the interplay between rationality and creativity in research-by-design projects. This paper attempts to address this issue by illustrating, rather than conceptualising, the inside process of a research by design project. The inside process will be discussed from three different points of view: (1) research or design interest tendency, (2) the performance of reflective attitude, and (3) a combination of views (1) and (2). The study resulted in an illustration of the interplay that suggests a dynamic forward-backwards act of thinking and making of a research-by-design project.
Novel trajectory clustering method based on distance dependent Chinese restaurant process
Authors: Arfa Reza , Yusof Rubiyah , Shabanzadeh Parvaneh
Published: August 2019

Trajectory clustering and path modelling are two core tasks in intelligent transport systems with a wide range of applications, from modeling drivers’ behavior to traffic monitoring of road intersections. Traditional trajectory analysis considers them as separate tasks, where the system first clusters the trajectories into a known number of clusters and then the path taken in each cluster is modelled. However, such a hierarchy does not allow the knowledge of the path model to be used to improve the performance of trajectory clustering. Based on the distance dependent Chinese restaurant process (DDCRP), a trajectory analysis system that simultaneously performs trajectory clustering and path modelling was proposed. Unlike most traditional approaches where the number of clusters should be known, the proposed method decides the number of clusters automatically. The proposed algorithm was tested on two publicly available trajectory datasets, and the experimental results recorded better performance and considerable improvement in both datasets for the task of trajectory clustering compared to traditional approaches. The study proved that the proposed method is an appropriate candidate to be used for trajectory clustering and path modelling.
O acesso à informação na gestão pública: dificuldades enfrentadas pelo poder executivo municipal de Londrina/PR
Authors: Amorim Fabiana Borelli , Stadler Adriano
Published: August 2019

O acesso à informação é assegurado a qualquer cidadão pela Constituição Brasileira, o qual foi reforçado pela Lei de Acesso à Informação (LAI) em 2011. Este estudo objetiva investigar as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos órgãos públicos do executivo de Londrina – PR na disponibilização eficaz de informações públicas. Por meio de um estudo de caráter descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, a coleta de dados foi realizada pela utilização de questionários e análise documental. Os resultados demonstram que apesar de satisfatório conhecimento dos servidores acerca da LAI, ainda existe a cultura de proteção quanto à divulgação dos dados públicos. Os resultados também comprovaram a contribuição da informatização no atendimento dos pedidos de acesso à informação. Ao final são apresentadas as conclusões e algumas sugestões que vão ao encontro das necessidades informacionais, tecnológicas e de capacitação, amplamente discutidas por estudiosos da área de transparência governamental.
The Protozoan Tetrahymena: Cellular Model for Biological Studies
Authors: Mar Papa Daouda , Khalfi Bouchra El , Benyoussef Mounir , Soukri Abdelaziz
Published: August 2019

Biological research, including clinical trials, mainly uses animals as model organisms. Currently, animal experimentation remains controversial for several reasons, namely the implementation of animal protection and ethics panels, the high costs and the long duration of experiments. These constraints encourage researchers to use alternative methods in order to overcome these barriers.

The ciliate Tetrahymena is a unicellular eukaryotic organism that has contributed significantly to the acquisition of knowledge in the field of fundamental biology. Characterised by a well-ordered structure and a short life cycle, the protozoan Tetrahymena is very commonly used in the laboratory due to the ease involved in handling it. Therefore, this organism has allowed researchers to elucidate a number of mechanisms in higher organisms including mammals.

This bibliographic review describes the favourable biological characteristics of the protozoan Tetrahymena as well as various physiological and molecular studies that have been carried out on this organism. Studies have shown that Tetrahymena is one of the alternatives to animal experimentation and a major contributor to the development of biological and life sciences.
Screening of Elephant Grass Genotypes Following Some Agro-marphological Traits Related to Biomass Production in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
Authors: Vidal Ana Kesia Faria , Daher Rogério Figueiredo , Freitas Rafael Souza , Stida Wanessa Francesconi , Tardin Flávio Dessaune , Rodrigues Erina Vitório , Silva Verônica Brito da , Santos Raiane Mariani , Santos Paulo Ricardo dos , Oliveira Tamara Rebecca Albuquerque de
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the behavior per se of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Shum) hybrids for energy purposes by means of morpho-agronomic traits in four evaluation sections. An experiment in randomized block design with three replicates was applied to evaluate the hybrids. The plot consisted of a 15-m row with 1.50-m row spacing, and 1.50-m spacing between plants. The usable area was composed of the five central plants. It was evaluated Number of tillers per clump; Stem diameter; Plant height; Plant dry matter yield; and Percentage of dry matter. Computational resources from the GENES Program were used to analyze the results. In both cuts, the H7, H11, and H14 hybrids was superior to the others in the four evaluation cuts for all evaluated characteristics, proving to be a potential genotype to be used for energy biomass production.
Asking an eyewitness to predict their later lineup performance could harm the confidence–accuracy relationship
Authors: Whittington Jane E. , Carlson Curt A. , Carlson Maria A. , Weatherford Dawn R. , Krueger Lacy E. , Jones Alyssa R.
Published: August 2019

Few studies have investigated eyewitnesses' ability to predict their later lineup performance, known as predecision confidence. We applied calibration analysis in two experiments comparing predecision confidence (immediately after encoding but prior to a lineup) to postdecision confidence (immediately after a lineup) to determine which produces a superior relationship with lineup decision accuracy. Experiment 1 (N = 177) featured a multiple‐block lineup recognition paradigm featuring several targets and lineups; Experiment 2 featured an eyewitness identification paradigm with a mock‐crime video and a single lineup for each participant (N = 855). Across both experiments, postdecision confidence discriminated well between correct and incorrect lineup decisions, but predecision confidence was a poor predictor of accuracy. Moreover, simply asking for predecision confidence weakened the postdecision confidence–accuracy relationship. This implies that police should exercise caution when interviewing eyewitnesses, as they should not be asked to predict their ability to make an accurate lineup decision.
Joint Estimation of Remission and Response for Methotrexate‐Based DMARD Options in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Bivariate Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Pokharel Gyanendra , Deardon Rob , Barnabe Cheryl , Bykerk Vivian , Bartlett Susan J , Bessette Louis , Boire Gilles , Hitchon Carol A , Keystone Edward , Pope Janet , Schieir Orit , Tin Diane , Thorne Carter , Hazlewood Glen S ,   the Canadian Early Arthritis Cohort (CATCH) Investigators
Published: August 2019

Objective

To jointly estimate American College of Rheumatology (ACR50) response (a more commonly reported outcome) and remission (a more clinically relevant outcome) for methotrexate (MTX)‐based treatment options in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

We conducted a bivariate network meta‐analysis (NMA) to compare MTX monotherapy and MTX‐based conventional and biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) combinations for RA. The correlation between the outcomes was derived from an incident RA cohort study, whereas the treatment effects were derived from randomized trials in the network of evidence. The analyses were conducted separately for MTX‐naïve and MTX–inadequate response (IR) populations in a Bayesian framework with uninformative priors.

Results

From the cohort study, the correlation between ACR50 response and Disease Activity Score 28 remission at 6 months was moderate (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.58). In the bivariate NMA for MTX‐naïve populations, most combinations of MTX with either biologic or tofacitinib were statistically superior to MTX alone for both ACR50 response and remission. Triple therapy (MTX + sulfasalazine + hydroxychloroquine) was the only nonbiologic DMARD statistically superior to MTX for either ACR50 response (odds ratio [OR] 95% credible interval: 2.1 [1.0, 4.3]) or remission (OR: 2.5 [1.0, 5.8]). In the MTX‐IR analysis, all treatments except MTX + sulfasalazine were statistically superior to MTX alone. Compared to analyzing the outcomes separately, the bivariate model often resulted in more precise estimates and allowed remission to be estimated for all treatments.

Conclusion

Borrowing the strength of correlation between outcomes allowed us to demonstrate a statistically significant benefit for remission across most MTX‐based DMARD combinations, including triple therapy.
Hall–Petch Relationship in Electrically Pulsed Al–Zn–Mg Alloys
Authors: Zhang Hexiong , Zhang Xinfang
Published: August 2019

Al–Zn–Mg solid solution alloys with average grain sizes of 18, 30, and 100 μm are obtained by a warm rolling‐solution treatment. Based on the Hall–Petch and the Bailey–Hirsch relations, an inverse proportional model between dislocation density and grain size is proposed under the same plastic strain for nonpulsed alloys. The proportional coefficient is a function of the Hall–Petch slope k. The Hall–Petch relationship under different pulse parameters and heating conditions are obtained by controlling the temperature increase for samples using air cooling. The contribution ratio of drifting electrons (excluding Joule heating) to the variation of k is derived for different current densities. The divergence between the softening action of drifting electrons and Joule heating is discovered; i.e., drifting electrons are more inclined to lead to grain boundary softening than intragranular softening, whereas Joule heating has no obvious bias for either type of softening. Through mathematical derivation and experimental verification, it is found that the amount of dislocation reduction caused by an electric pulse has a negative correlation with grain size, leading to a change in k, which is of great significance to the theoretical development of electric pulse‐assisted formation.
Metal Species–Encapsulated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Current Advancements and Latest Breakthroughs
Authors: Kankala Ranjith Kumar , Zhang Hongbo , Liu Chen‐Guang , Kanubaddi Kiran Reddy , Lee Chia‐Hung , Wang Shi‐Bin , Cui Wenguo , Santos Hélder A. , Lin KaiLi , Chen Ai‐Zheng
Published: August 2019

Despite their advantageous morphological attributes and attractive physicochemical properties, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are merely supported as carriers or vectors for a reason. Incorporating various metal species in the confined nanospaces of MSNs (M‐MSNs) significantly enriches their mesoporous architecture and diverse functionalities, bringing exciting potentials to this burgeoning field of research. These incorporated guest species offer enormous benefits to the MSN hosts concerning the reduction of their eventual size and the enhancement of their performance and stability, among other benefits. Substantially, the guest species act through contributing to reduced aggregation, augmented durability, ease of long‐term storage, and reduced toxicity, attributes that are of particular interest in diverse fields of biomedicine. In this review, the first aim is to discuss the current advancements and latest breakthroughs in the fabrication of M‐MSNs, emphasizing the pros and cons, the confinement of various metal species in the nanospaces of MSNs, and various factors influencing the encapsulation of metal species in MSNs. Further, an emphasis on potential applications of M‐MSNs in various fields, including in adsorption, catalysis, photoluminescence, and biomedicine, among others, along with a set of examples is provided. Finally, the advances in M‐MSNs with perspectives are summarized.
Strain‐Visualization with Ultrasensitive Nanoscale Crack‐Based Sensor Assembled with Hierarchical Thermochromic Membrane
Authors: Park Byeonghak , Kim Jong Uk , Kim Jisun , Tahk Dongha , Jeong Chanho , Ok Jehyung , Shin Joo Hwan , Kang Daeshik , Kim Tae‐il
Published: August 2019

As eidetic signal recognition has become important, displaying mechanical signals visually has imposed huge demands for simple readability and without complex signal processing. Such visualization of mechanical signals is used in delicate urgent medical or safety‐related industries. Accordingly, chromic materials are considered to facilitate visualization with multiple colors and simple process. However, the response and recovery time is very long, such that rapid regular signals are unable to be detected, i.e., physiological signals, such as respiration. Here, the simple visualization of low strain ≈2%, with ultrasensitive crack‐based strain sensors with a hierarchical thermochromic layer is suggested. The sensor shows a gradient color change from red to white color in each strain, which is attributed to the hierarchical property, and the thermal response (recovery) time is dramatically minimized within 0.6 s from 45 to 37 °C, as the hierarchical membrane is inspired by termite mounds for efficient thermal management. The fast recovery property can be taken advantage of in medical fields, such as monitoring regular respiration, and the color changes can be delicately monitored with high accuracy by software on a mobile phone.
Van der Waals Heteroepitaxial VO2/Mica Films with Extremely Low Optical Trigger Threshold and Large THz Field Modulation Depth
Authors: Liang Weizheng , Jiang Yaohua , Guo Jia , Li Ning , Qiu Wentao , Yang Hao , Ji Yanda , Luo Sheng‐Nian
Published: August 2019

Materials with low optical trigger threshold and large THz field modulation depth are highly desirable for THz switches and modulators. VO2, a classical strongly correlated oxide undergoing a sharp metal–insulator transition (MIT), is advantageous for its large THz field modulation depth by virtue of MIT. However, for optically triggered VO2‐based THz switches and modulators, high pump laser intensity is normally required to trigger the MIT, adding considerable costs to THz systems. Reducing optical trigger threshold of VO2 is of substantial interest in the THz science. Here, van der Waals (vdW) heteroepitaxial VO2/mica films are reported with extremely low optical trigger threshold and large THz field modulation depth. Such VO2 films can be used to fabricate low cost but high performance THz switches and modulators. The vdW‐bonded VO2 film–substrate interface allows for negligible disturbance to the VO2 lattice by the mica substrate and reduces thermal conduction to the substrate, boosting the MIT and thus, reducing the pump threshold.
Novel P‐Type Wide Bandgap Manganese Oxide Quantum Dots Operating at Deep UV Range for Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Mitra Somak , Pak Yusin , Alaal Naresh , Hedhili Mohamed N. , Almalawi Dhaifallah R. , Alwadai Norah , Loganathan Kalaivanan , Kumarasan Yogeenath , Lim Namsoo , Jung Gun Y. , Roqan Iman S.
Published: August 2019

Wide bandgap semiconductor (WBGS)‐based deep UV (DUV) devices lag behind those operating in the visible and IR range, as no stable p‐type WBGS that operates in the DUV region (<300 nm) presently exists. Here, solution‐processed p‐type manganese oxide WBGS quantum dots (MnO QDs) are explored. Highly crystalline MnO QDs are synthesized via femtosecond‐laser ablation in liquid. The p‐type nature of these QDs is demonstrated by Kelvin probe and field effect transistor measurements, along with density functional theory calculations. As proof of concept, a high‐performance, self‐powered, and solar‐blind Schottky DUV photodetector based on such QDs is fabricated, which is capable of detecting under ambient conditions. The carrier collection efficiency is enhanced by asymmetric electrode structure, leading to high responsivity. This novel p‐type MnO QD material can lead to cost‐effective industrial production of high‐performance solution‐processed DUV optoelectronics for large‐scale applications.
Small Energy Loss and Broad Energy Levels Offsets Lead to Efficient Ternary Polymer Solar Cells from a Blend of Two Fullerene‐Free Small Molecules as Electron Acceptors
Authors: Liu Zhiyong , Wang Ning
Published: August 2019

Ternary polymer solar cells (PSCs) are fabricated that consisted of a blend of IEICO‐4F and 3TT‐FIC as electron acceptors and PBDB‐T as an electron donor. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ternary PSCs is increased from 9.9% to 11.22% via the blend of IEICO‐4F and 3TT‐FIC as electron acceptors (the ratio of IEICO‐4F:3TT‐FIC is 6:4), which enhances the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) from 0.71 to 0.78 V. The main contribution of the blended acceptor is its broad energy level offset between the donor and acceptor (from 1.26 to 1.30 eV) due to the enhanced lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels of the blended acceptor. Meanwhile, the small energy losses of the ternary photoactive layer (reduced from 0.55 to 0.52 eV) are simultaneously due to the more efficient exciton dissociation and the suppressed charge carrier recombination. This work provides an effective strategy for improving the photovoltaic performance of binary PSCs.
Next Generation Antennas Based on Screen‐Printed and Transparent Silver Nanowire Films
Authors: Goliya Yash , Rivadeneyra Almudena , Salmeron José F. , Albrecht Andreas , Mock Josef , Haider Michael , Russer Johannes , Cruz Bruna , Eschlwech Philipp , Biebl Erwin , Becherer Markus , Bobinger Marco R.
Published: August 2019

The advent of mobile communication has made antennas omnipresent. Conventional methods of antenna manufacturing cannot address the growing demands for novel applications requiring transparent and flexible antennas. In this paper, transparent silver nanowire films are studied with respect to their high‐frequency properties. Transparent silver nanowire (AgNW)‐based antennas that are screen printed onto flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate are reported. Transparent films with a low sheet resistance of 8.5 Ω sq−1 and a high transmittance of 85%, at a wavelength of 550 nm, are characterized as bowtie antennas with a radiation efficiency of 52%. This combination of efficiency and transmittance rivals the ones that are commonly reported for conductive‐oxide based transparent antennas and paves their use for any automobile window, liquid crystal display, or organic‐light‐emitting‐diode display.
Tuning the Electronic Structure of LaNiO3 through Alloying with Strontium to Enhance Oxygen Evolution Activity
Authors: Liu Jishan , Jia Endong , Wang Le , Stoerzinger Kelsey A. , Zhou Hua , Tang Chi Sin , Yin Xinmao , He Xu , Bousquet Eric , Bowden Mark E. , Wee Andrew T. S. , Chambers Scott A. , Du Yingge
Published: August 2019

The perovskite oxide LaNiO3 is a promising oxygen electrocatalyst for renewable energy storage and conversion technologies. Here, it is shown that strontium substitution for lanthanum in coherently strained, epitaxial LaNiO3 films (La1−x
SrxNiO3) significantly enhances the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity, resulting in performance at x = 0.5 comparable to the state‐of‐the‐art catalyst Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ. By combining X‐ray photoemission and X‐ray absorption spectroscopies with density functional theory, it is shown that an upward energy shift of the O 2p band relative to the Fermi level occurs with increasing x in La1−xSrxNiO3. This alloying step strengthens Ni 3d–O 2p hybridization and decreases the charge transfer energy, which in turn accounts for the enhanced OER activity.
Tuning the Photoresponse of Nano‐Heterojunction: Pressure‐Induced Inverse Photoconductance in Functionalized WO3 Nanocuboids
Authors: Rahman Saqib , Samanta Sudeshna , Kuzmin Alexei , Errandonea Daniel , Saqib Hajra , Brewe Dale L. , Kim Jaeyong , Lu Junling , Wang Lin
Published: August 2019

Inverse photoconductivity (IPC) is a unique photoresponse behavior that exists in few photoconductors in which electrical conductivity decreases with irradiation, and has great potential applications in the development of photonic devices and nonvolatile memories with low power consumption. However, it is still challenging to design and achieve IPC in most materials of interest. In this study, pressure‐driven photoconductivity is investigated in n‐type WO3 nanocuboids functionalized with p‐type CuO nanoparticles under visible illumination and an interesting pressure‐induced IPC accompanying a structural phase transition is found. Native and structural distortion induced oxygen vacancies assist the charge carrier trapping and favor the persistent positive photoconductivity beyond 6.4 GPa. The change in photoconductivity is mainly related to a phase transition and the associated changes in the bandgap, the trapping of charge carriers, the WO6 octahedral distortion, and the electron–hole pair recombination process. A unique reversible transition from positive to inverse photoconductivity is observed during compression and decompression. The origin of the IPC is intimately connected to the depletion of the conduction channels by electron trapping and the chromic property of WO3. This synergistic rationale may afford a simple and powerful method to improve the optomechanical performance of any hybrid material.
The Gravettian child mandible from El Castillo Cave (Puente Viesgo, Cantabria, Spain)
Authors: Garralda María‐Dolores , Maíllo‐Fernández José‐Manuel , Higham Thomas , Neira Ana , Bernaldo de Quirós Federico
Published: August 2019

Objectives

This article documents an incomplete child's mandible found in H. Obermaier's excavation campaign (in 1912) in El Castillo Cave, Spain. This fossil was assigned to what was then considered a phase of the “Aurignacian‐delta”.

Materials and Methods

We exhaustively analyzed the original Obermaier documents, with particular attention to those corresponding to the year of the discovery. We extracted a bone sample to radiocarbon date the fossil directly. We also followed established methods to measure, describe and compare the mandible with other human remains.

Results

The analysis of Obermaier's documents and new data derived from modern excavations, show that the mandible was discovered in an interior area of the cave. Direct radiocarbon dating yielded a result of 24,720 ± 210 BP and 29,300 – 28,300 cal BP, a date similar to those known for the Gravettian technocomplex both in the El Castillo site and across Europe.

The jaw corresponded to a child aged 4–5 years, with modern morphology, but with a certain robustness, especially in the symphyseal region. Comparisons were made with several modern children (Granada, Spitalfields, and Black series) and with immature fossils (European Aurignacian and Gravettian). The few differences between the modern and the fossil children are related to the symphysis and mandibular corpus thickness and height, and to the symphyseal morphology and larger teeth dimensions. Paleoisotopic data for Castillo C correspond with a varied diet. Numerous cutmarks were identified in the midline internal symphyseal region.

Discussion and Conclusions

The results agree with those published for other fossils of similar age and chronology (e.g., the mandible of the Lagar Velho child) and show clear differences from the jaws of the young Neanderthals.

The interpretation of the original data on the mandible discovery may indicate the destruction of a burial and the displacement, by percolation or by a den, at least of part of the skeleton. The perimortem manipulations in the child's mandible are the first described in the Gravettian world of Western Europe.
Exogenous Galactosylceramide as Potential Treatment for CLN3 Disease
Authors: El‐Sitt Sally , Soueid Jihane , Maalouf Katia , Makhoul Nadine , Al Ali Jamal , Makoukji Joelle , Asser Bilal , Daou Daniel , Harati Hayat , Boustany Rose‐Mary
Published: August 2019

Objective

CLN3 disease is the commonest of the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses, a group of pediatric neurodegenerative disorders. Functions of the CLN3 protein include antiapoptotic properties and facilitating anterograde transport of galactosylceramide from Golgi to lipid rafts. This study confirms the beneficial effects of long‐term exogenous galactosylceramide supplementation on longevity, neurobehavioral parameters, neuronal cell counts, astrogliosis, and diminution in brain and serum ceramide levels in Cln3
Δex7/8 knock‐in mice. Additionally, the impact of galactosylceramide on ceramide synthesis enzymes is documented.

Methods

A group of 72 mice received galactosylceramide or vehicle for 40 weeks. The effect of galactosylceramide supplementation on Cln3
Δex7/8 mice was determined by performing behavioral tests, measuring ceramide in brains and serum, and assessing impact on longevity, subunit C storage, astrogliosis, and neuronal cell counts.

Results

Galactosylceramide resulted in enhanced grip strength of forelimbs in male and female mice, better balance on the accelerating rotarod in females, and improved motor coordination during pole climbing in male mice. Brain and serum ceramide levels as well as apoptosis rates were lower in galactosylceramide‐treated Cln3
Δex7/8 mice. Galactosylceramide also increased neuronal cell counts significantly in male and female mice and tended to decrease subunit C storage in specific brain regions. Astrogliosis dropped in females compared to a slight increase in males after galactosylceramide. Galactosylceramide increased the lifespan of affected mice.

Interpretation

Galactosylceramide improved behavioral, neuropathological, and biochemical parameters in Cln3
Δex7/8 mice, paving the way for effective therapy for CLN3 disease and use of serum ceramide as a potential biomarker to track impact of therapies. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:729–742
Supported Intermetallic PdZn Nanoparticles as Bifunctional Catalysts for the Direct Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether from CO‐Rich Synthesis Gas
Authors: Gentzen Manuel , Doronkin Dmitry E. , Sheppard Thomas L. , Zimina Anna , Li Haisheng , Jelic Jelena , Studt Felix , Grunwaldt Jan‐Dierk , Sauer Jörg , Behrens Silke
Published: August 2019

The single‐step syngas‐to‐dimethyl ether (STD) process entails economic and technical advantages over the current industrial two‐step process. Pd/ZnO‐based catalysts have recently emerged as interesting alternatives to currently used Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts, but the nature of the active site(s), the reaction mechanism, and the role of Pd and ZnO in the solid catalyst are not well established. Now, Zn‐stabilized Pd colloids with a size of 2 nm served as the key building blocks for the methanol active component in bifunctional Pd/ZnO‐γ‐Al2O3 catalysts. The catalysts were characterized by combining high‐pressure operando X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The enhanced stability, longevity, and high dimethyl ether selectivity observed makes Pd/ZnO‐γ‐Al2O3 an effective alternative system for the STD process compared to Cu/ZnO/γ‐Al2O3.
Dearomatization Approach Toward a Superbenzoquinone‐Based Diradicaloid, Tetraradicaloid, and Hexaradicaloid
Authors: Li Guangwu , Han Yi , Zou Ya , Lee Johnathan Joo Cheng , Ni Yong , Wu Jishan
Published: August 2019

Reported here is the step‐by‐step dearomatization of a highly aromatic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), the hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (also called as “superbenzene”), to give a series of superbenzoquinones containing two, four, and six ketone groups. Different from traditional PAH‐based quinones, these superbenzoquinones show open‐shell multiradical character by rearomatization in the open‐shell forms as experimentally validated by X‐ray crystallographic analysis, NMR and ESR spectroscopy, and FT‐IR measurements, as well as theoretically supported by restricted active space spin‐flip calculations. These compounds exhibit structure‐ and molecular‐symmetry‐dependent optical, electrochemical, and magnetic properties.
Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of (E)‐δ‐Boryl‐Substituted anti‐Homoallylic Alcohols in Two Steps from Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Miura Tomoya , Oku Naoki , Murakami Masahiro
Published: August 2019

We report the highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective preparation of (E)‐δ‐boryl‐substituted anti‐homoallylic alcohols in two steps from terminal alkynes. This method consists of a cobalt(II)‐catalyzed 1,1‐diboration reaction of terminal alkynes with B2pin2 and a palladium(I)‐mediated asymmetric allylation reaction of the resulting 1,1‐di(boryl)alk‐1‐enes with aldehydes in the presence of a chiral phosphoric acid. Propyne, which is produced as the byproduct during petroleum refining, could be used as the starting material to construct homoallylic alcohols that are otherwise difficult to synthesize with high stereocontrol.
A Halogen‐Bond Donor Catalyst for Templated Macrocyclization
Authors: Guillier Kévin , Caytan Elsa , Dorcet Vincent , Mongin Florence , Dumont Élise , Chevallier Floris
Published: August 2019

A halogen‐bond templated 1:1 macrocyclization in solution is reported. Tetra(iodoperfluorophenyl) ethers were used as halogen‐bonded exotemplates in a substoichiometric amount (5 mol %). Pyridine‐containing macrocyclic architectures were formed by ruthenium‐catalyzed tandem metathesis/transfer hydrogenation sequence using sodium borohydride and methanol as non‐dihydrogen hydrogen source. The halogen‐bonded stabilization energies were analyzed relying on density functional theory.
Regio‐ and Enantioselective Preparation of Chiral Allylic Sulfones Featuring Elusive Quaternary Stereocenters
Authors: Cai Aijie , Kleij Arjan W.
Published: August 2019

We describe here the first general asymmetric synthesis of sterically encumbered α,α‐disubstituted allylic sulfones via Pd‐catalyzed allylic substitution. The design and application of a new and highly efficient phosphoramidite ligand (L10) proved to be crucial, and a wide variety of challenging allylic sulfones featuring quaternary stereocenters could be obtained in good yields and with good to excellent levels of regio‐ and enantioselectivities under attractive process conditions. The developed methodology employs easily accessible chemical feedstock including racemic allylic precursors and sodium sulfinates. The utility of the method is further demonstrated by the synthesis of the sesquiterpene (−)‐Agelasidine A.
Merging Regiodivergent Catalysis with Atom‐Economical Radical Arylation
Authors: Mühlhaus Felix , Weißbarth Hendrik , Dahmen Tobias , Schnakenburg Gregor , Gansäuer Andreas
Published: August 2019

A titanocene‐catalyzed regiodivergent radical arylation is described that allows access to either enantiomerically pure tetrahydroquinolines or indolines from a common starting material. The regioselectivity of epoxide opening that results in the high selectivity of heterocycle formation is controlled by two factors, the absolute configuration of the enantiopure ligands of the (C5H4R)2TiX2 catalyst and the inorganic ligand X (X=Cl, OTs). The overall reaction is atom‐economical and constitutes a radical Friedel–Crafts alkylation.
Direct Addition of Amides to Glycals Enabled by Solvation‐Insusceptible 2‐Haloazolium Salt Catalysis
Authors: Nakatsuji Yuya , Kobayashi Yusuke , Takemoto Yoshiji
Published: August 2019

The direct 2‐deoxyglycosylation of nucleophiles with glycals leads to biologically and pharmacologically important 2‐deoxysugar compounds. Although the direct addition of hydroxyl and sulfonamide groups have been well developed, the direct 2‐deoxyglycosylation of amide groups has not been reported to date. Herein, we show the first direct 2‐deoxyglycosylation of amide groups using a newly designed Brønsted acid catalyst under mild conditions. Through mechanistic investigations, we discovered that the amide group can inhibit acid catalysts, and the inhibition has made the 2‐deoxyglycosylation reaction difficult. Diffusion‐ordered two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy analysis implied that the 2‐chloroazolium salt catalyst was less likely to form aggregates with amides in comparison to other acid catalysts. The chlorine atom and the extended π‐scaffold of the catalyst played a crucial role for this phenomenon. This relative insusceptibility to inhibition by amides is more responsible for the catalytic activity than the strength of the acidity.
Fisher accessibility and habitat complexity influence the distribution of adult Cherax cainii (Decapoda: Parastacidae) in a water supply reservoir
Authors: Beatty Stephen J. , Ryan Tom , Morgan David L.
Published: August 2019

Almost one third of all freshwater crayfishes are threatened with extinction. The factors influencing the distribution of freshwater crayfishes in lentic systems are poorly understood, hampering the conservation and enhancement of those populations. Cherax cainii is the third largest freshwater crayfish in the world and is endemic to south‐western Australia. The distribution of the species has declined markedly, largely attributable to secondary salinization and habitat decline. There is the potential for population enhancement through habitat restoration and the restocking of reservoirs that act as important non‐salinized refuges; however, there is limited understanding of the distribution and habitat associations of C. cainii in these systems.

Mark–recapture was undertaken to determine the population abundance and fine‐scale distribution of C. cainii in a large reservoir over a 5‐month period, with generalized linear mixed modelling used to determine those factors that explained the variation in its distribution.

Cherax cainii distribution in the reservoir was positively associated with complex habitat (large woody material) and the level of inaccessibility to humans, and negatively associated with depth. The population had a non‐uniform distribution within the reservoir with significant hot‐ and cold‐spots present and there was limited distance between recaptures during the coolest period of the year.

The findings suggest that C. cainii would benefit from the provision of additional complex habitat in such habitat depauperate reservoirs to provide increased shelter from predators. It may also be vulnerable to localized depletion through legal and illegal fishing pressure. The study highlights the importance of understanding habitat preferences and movement patterns of freshwater crayfish to underpin their conservation.
Application of Bio‐Impedance Analysis to Estimate the Condition of Yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) Muscle at Different Storage Temperatures
Authors: Yuan Pengxiang , Jiang Tong , Hirasaka Katsuya , Wang Yao , Matsuo Kazuki , Miyazaki Riho , Tachibana Katsuyasu , Taniyama Shigeto
Published: August 2019

Changes in impedance at 2 kHz, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, and muscle contraction were evaluated in yellowtail during 0 (ice), 5, 10, 15, and 20°C storage. Histological changes during ice storage were also measured. At any temperature, although impedance increased with both rigor mortis and ATP consumption during early storage, it began to decrease rapidly when ATP was almost depleted. Moreover, temporarily increasing impedance had a strong relationship with ATP content; decreasing impedance had a significant correlation with storage temperature after ATP depletion. Furthermore, impedance increased with narrowing of intercellular spaces when sarcolemma was intact and decreased with expansion of intercellular spaces when sarcolemma was leaky. Meanwhile, changes of sarcolemma and intercellular spaces were accompanied by ATP change. Thus, ATP is one significant physiological factor for impedance change, and temperature greatly influenced impedance after depletion of ATP. Results suggest that impedance analysis can be used as a convenient and nondestructive method to diagnose condition of tissue at different storage temperatures. Bioelectromagnetics. 2019;40:488–497. © 2019 Bioelectromagnetics Society