bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal trajectory tracking for uncertain linear discrete‐time systems using time‐varying Q‐learning
Authors: Geiger Maxwell , Narayanan Vignesh , Jagannathan Sarangapani
Published: April 2024

This article introduces a novel optimal trajectory tracking control scheme designed for uncertain linear discrete‐time (DT) systems. In contrast to traditional tracking control methods, our approach removes the requirement for the reference trajectory to align with the generator dynamics of an autonomous dynamical system. Moreover, it does not demand the complete desired trajectory to be known in advance, whether through the generator model or any other means. Instead, our approach can dynamically incorporate segments (finite horizons) of reference trajectories and autonomously learn an optimal control policy to track them in real time. To achieve this, we address the tracking problem by learning a time‐varying ‐function through state feedback. This ‐function is then utilized to calculate the optimal feedback gain and explicitly time‐varying feedforward control input, all without the need for prior knowledge of the system dynamics or having the complete reference trajectory in advance. Additionally, we introduce an adaptive observer to extend the applicability of the tracking control scheme to situations where full state measurements are unavailable. We rigorously establish the closed‐loop stability of our optimal adaptive control approach, both with and without the adaptive observer, employing Lyapunov theory. Moreover, we characterize the optimality of the controller with respect to the finite horizon length of the known components of the desired trajectory. To further enhance the controller's adaptability and effectiveness in multitask environments, we employ the Efficient Lifelong Learning Algorithm, which leverages a shared knowledge base within the recursive least squares algorithm for multitask ‐learning. The efficacy of our approach is substantiated through a comprehensive set of simulation results by using a power system example.
Synergistic Enhancement of Electromagnetic Wave Absorption and Corrosion Resistance Properties of High Entropy Alloy Through Lattice Distortion Engineering
Authors: Qiu Zhengrong , Liu Xiaoyan , Yang Tianyue , Wang Jianbin , Wang Yang , Ma Wenle , Huang Yi
Published: April 2024

High entropy alloys (HEAs) are promising electromagnetic wave absorption (EMA) materials due to its designable crystal structure, variable electromagnetic properties, and excellent corrosion resistance. However, the impedance mismatch owing to the high electric and dielectric conductivity severely hinders the application of HEAs in the field of EMA. Herein, the lattice distortion of FeCoNiCu HEA is manipulated accurately by doping and annealing strategies to tailor the EMA properties. Significant lattice distortion is observed in the FeCoNiCuC0.37, which leads to a decrease in the electrical conductivity and the creation of abundant dipoles. Owing to the optimal impedance matching and boosted polarization loss, the FeCoNiCuC0.37 delivers a minimal reflection loss of −65.4 dB accompanied by an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.81 GHz. After annealing at 200 °C, the EAB of the FeCoNiCuC0.37 is further increased to 7.99 GHz at 1.95 mm, which is better than that of most HEA‐based EMA absorbers reported so far. Moreover, it demonstrates excellent corrosion resistance owing to the more tortuous diffusion path of corrosive medium origin from lattice distortion. Thus, the study provides a new insight into designing high performance HEA‐based EMA materials with superior anti‐corrosion property by lattice distortion engineering.
Spin‐Regulated Fenton‐Like Catalysis for Nonradical Oxidation over Metal Oxide@Carbon Composites
Authors: Li Bofeng , Liu Ya , Hu Kunsheng , Dai Qin , Chen Chunmao , Duan Xiaoguang , Wang Shaobin , Wang Yuxian
Published: April 2024

The spin state of the transition metal species (TMs) has been recognized as a critical descriptor in Fenton‐like catalysis. The raised spin state of dispersed TMs in carbon will enhance the redox processes with adsorbed peroxides and improve the oxidation performance. Nevertheless, establishing the spin‐activity correlations for the encapsulated TM nanoparticles remains challenging because of the difficulties in fine‐tuning the spin state of TM species and the insufficient understanding of orbital hybridization states upon interaction with peroxides. Here, the advantage of the fast‐temperature heating/quenching of microwave thermal shock is taken to engineer the structure and spin state of encapsulated TMs within the N‐doped graphitic carbons. The reduced TMs particle size and enhanced TMs‐carbon coupling increase surface entropy and regulate eg electron filling of the high‐spin TM‐N coordination, endowing electrons with high mobility and facilitating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) adsorption. The strong interactions further uplift the PMS O 2p band position toward the Fermi level and thus elevate the oxidation potential of surface‐activated PMS (PMS*) as the dominant nonradical species for pollutant degradation. The deciphered orbital hybridizations of engineered high‐spin TM and PMS enlighten the smart design of spin‐regulated nanocomposites for advanced water purification.
Transparent Glass Composite Scintillator with High Crystallinity for Efficient Thermal Neutron Detection
Authors: Wang Dazhao , Zhang Shiyu , Chen Jingfei , Tu Degui , Lv Shichao , Wei Zheng , Tang Bin , Sun Zhijia , Qiu Jianrong , Zhou Shifeng
Published: April 2024

The sensitive and rapid detection of thermal neutrons holds significant importance in various fields such as energy utilization, medical treatment, and national defense. However, the available thermal neutron scintillator is difficult to reach this target, mainly limited by the optical and scintillating performance. Herein, the in situ crystallization strategy of glass to construct scintillation glass composites for efficient thermal neutron detection is proposed. The congruent crystallization of the hybridized alkali earth silicate glass system may not only achieve high crystallinity, but also will keep the refractive indexing matching between the precipitated crystal and precursor glass phases. The prepared glass composites feature high luminescence efficiency, optical transmission and excellent neutron response properties. These factors collectively contribute to the robust neutron scintillation performance with a light output of ≈36 000 photons/neutron, which represents the highest value among glass‐based scintillators. Moreover, the composite configuration brings about the additional function of thermal neutron and γ‐ray discrimination. By using this composite scintillator, the neutron detector is constructed and demonstrates its application for detecting thermal neutron and distinguishing it from γ‐ray in an online way. The studies prove that glass composites with high crystallinity are expected to be promising candidates for a new generation of multifunctional neutron detectors.
Intrinsically Stretchable Organic Photodiodes for Faint Near‐Infrared Light Detection and Extendable Cryptographic Imaging
Authors: Qin Mingcong , Bian Yangshuang , Wang Chengyu , Sun Jianzhe , Shi Wenkang , Liu Kai , Zheng Yingqi , Zhang Fan , Liu Guocai , Shao Mingchao , Wen Wei , Zhu Zhiheng , Zhu Mingliang , Zhao Zhiyuan , Wang Hanlin , Liu Yunqi , Yuan Guangcai , Guo Yunlong
Published: April 2024

Skin‐like optoelectronic devices have progressed in leaps and bounds, permitting considerable applications such as remote medical diagnosis, optical communication, biometric authentication, and 3D vision imaging. However, achieving extendable imaging in such frontier detectors poses a formidable challenge for stretchable electronic materials and remains largely unexplored. Herein, an ultrasensitive intrinsically stretchable organic photodiode is configured by the spatially modularizable‐assembled elastic photoactive film for faint near‐infrared light detection and extendable imaging. The performance metrics of the stretchable organic photodiodes rival that of commercial photodetectors, including high specific detectivity (D*noise) over 1012 Jones at 850 nm, ultralow noise current of 4.1 × 10−15 A Hz−1/2 and high stretchability up to 100%. Furthermore, it is the first time to simultaneously achieve the extendable near‐infrared cryptographic imaging and stable photoplethysmography signal detection based on stretchable photodiodes. These results signify a significant advancement toward enabling practical scenarios for stretchable organic optoelectronics.
Immunomodulatory Peptides for Tumor Treatment
Authors: Song Yang , Lei Longtianyang , Cai Xingyu , Wei Hua , Yu Cui‐Yun
Published: April 2024

Peptides exhibit various biological activities, including biorecognition, cell targeting, and tumor penetration, and can stimulate immune cells to elicit immune responses for tumor immunotherapy. Peptide self‐assemblies and peptide‐functionalized nanocarriers can reduce the effect of various biological barriers and the degradation by peptidases, enhancing the efficiency of peptide delivery and improving antitumor immune responses. To date, the design and development of peptides with various functionalities have been extensively reviewed for enhanced chemotherapy; however, peptide‐mediated tumor immunotherapy using peptides acting on different immune cells, to the knowledge, has not yet been summarized. Thus, this work provides a review of this emerging subject of research, focusing on immunomodulatory anticancer peptides. This review introduces the role of peptides in the immunomodulation of innate and adaptive immune cells, followed by a link between peptides in the innate and adaptive immune systems. The peptides are discussed in detail, following a classification according to their effects on different innate and adaptive immune cells, as well as immune checkpoints. Subsequently, two delivery strategies for peptides as drugs are presented: peptide self‐assemblies and peptide‐functionalized nanocarriers. The concluding remarks regarding the challenges and potential solutions of peptides for tumor immunotherapy are presented.
Accurate Simulation for 2D Lubricating Materials in Realistic Environments: From Classical to Quantum Mechanical Methods
Authors: Hao Yu , Sun Tian‐Yu , Ye Jin‐Tao , Huang Liang‐Feng , Wang Li‐Ping
Published: April 2024

2D materials such as graphene, MoS2, and hexagonal BN are the most advanced solid lubricating materials with superior friction and anti‐wear performance. However, as a typical surface phenomenon, the lubricating properties of 2D materials are largely dependent on the surrounding environment, such as temperature, stress, humidity, oxygen, and other environmental substances. Given the technical challenges in experiment for real‐time and in situ detection of microscopic environment–material interaction, recent years have witnessed the acceleration of computational research on the lubrication behavior of 2D materials in realistic environments. This study reviews the up‐to‐date computational studies for the effect of environmental factors on the lubrication performance of 2D materials, summarizes the theoretical methods in lubrication from classical to quantum‐mechanics ones, and emphasizes the importance of quantum method in revealing the lubrication mechanism at atomic and electronic level. An effective simulation method based on ab initio molecular dynamics is also proposed to try to provide more ways to accurately reveal the friction mechanisms and reliably guide the lubricating material design. On the basis of current development, future prospects, and challenges for the simulation and modeling in lubrication with realistic environment are outlined.
Multicomponent Heteroarylphosphorothiolation of Alkenes for Accessing β‐Phosphorothiolated Quinoxalinones
Authors: Peng Sha , Yang Li‐Hua , Xu Xiang‐Qin , Xie Long‐Yong
Published: April 2024

Herein, we present a (NH4)2S2O8 mediated difunctionalization reaction of aryl alkenes with quinoxalinones and P(O)SH compounds. This method enables the synthesis of various phosphorothioate‐containing quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐one derivatives (46 examples) in 37–79% yields. The reaction is compatible with a range of functional groups and is easily adaptable to large‐scale synthesis. Preliminary studies suggest the involvement of phosphorothioate radicals in these transformations.
Suppressed Electrolyte Decomposition Behavior to Improve Cycling Performance of LiCoO2 under 4.6 V through the Regulation of Interfacial Adsorption Forces
Authors: Sun Chao , Zhao Bing , Jing Zhuan‐fang , Zhang Hao , Wen Qing , Chen He‐zhang , Zhang Xia‐hui , Zheng Jun‐chao
Published: April 2024

Alleviating the decomposition of the electrolyte is of great significance to improving the cycle stability of cathodes, especially for LiCoO2 (LCO), its volumetric energy density can be effectively promoted by increasing the charge cutoff voltage to 4.6 V, thereby supporting the large‐scale application of clean energy. However, the rapid decomposition of the electrolyte under 4.6 V conditions not only loses the transport carrier for lithium ion, but also produces HF and insulators that destroy the interface of LCO and increase impedance. In this work, the decomposition of electrolyte is effectively suppressed by changing the adsorption force between LCO interface and EC. Density functional theory illustrates the LCO coated with lower electronegativity elements has a weaker adsorption force with the electrolyte, the adsorption energy between LCO@Mg and EC (0.49 eV) is weaker than that of LCO@Ti (0.73 eV). Meanwhile, based on the results of time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, conductivity‐atomic force microscopy, in situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry, soft X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance, as the adsorption force increases, the electrolyte decomposes more seriously. This work provides a new perspective on the interaction between electrolyte and the interface of cathode and further improves the understanding of electrolyte decomposition.
Direct Evidence of the Effect of Water Molecules Position in the Spectroscopy, Dynamics, and Lighting Performance of an Eco‐Friendly Mn‐Based Organic–Inorganic Metal Halide Material for High‐Performance LEDs and Solvent Vapor Sensing
Authors: Gutiérrez Mario , de la Hoz Tomás Mario , Rakshit Soumyadipta , Lezama Luis , Cohen Boiko , Douhal Abderrazzak
Published: April 2024

Luminescent Mn(II)‐based organic–inorganic hybrid halides have drawn attention as potential materials for sensing and photonics applications. Here, the synthesis and characterization of methylammonium (MA) manganese bromide ((MA)nBrxMn(H2O)2, (n = 1, 4 and x = 3, 6)) with different stoichiometries of the organic cation and inorganic counterpart, are reported. While the Mn2+ centers have an octahedral conformation, the two coordinating water molecules are found either in cis (1) or in trans (2) positions. The photophysical behavior of 1 reflects the luminescence of Mn2+ in an octahedral environment. Although Mn2+ in 2 also has octahedral coordination, at room temperature dual emission bands at ≈530 and ≈660 nm are observed, explained in terms of emission from Mn2+ in tetragonally compressed octahedra and self‐trapped excitons (STEs), respectively. Above the room temperature, 2 shows quasi‐tetrahedral behavior with intense green emission, while at temperatures below 140 K, another STE band emerges at 570 nm. Time‐resolved experiments (77–360 K) provide a clear picture of the excited dynamics. 2 shows rising components due to STEs formation equilibrated at room temperature with their precursors. Finally, the potential of these materials for the fabrication of color‐tunable down‐converted light‐emitting diode (LED) and for detecting polar solvent vapors is shown.
Novel Spatially Asymmetric Copper Bismuthate‐Mediated Augmentation of Energy Conversion to Realize “Three‐Step” Tumor Suppression
Authors: Wang Jiarui , Zheng Haoqin , Hu Guangyao , Yang Xujian , You Hongpeng , Dong Lile , Song Shuyan
Published: April 2024

The generally undesirable bandgap and electron–hole complexation of inorganic sonosensitizers limit the efficiency of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, affecting the effectiveness of sonodynamic therapy (SDT). Comparatively, the novel polyvinylpyrrolidone‐modified copper bismuthate (PCBO) sonosensitizers are manufactured for a “three‐step” SDT promotion. In brief, first, the strong hybridization between Bi 6s and O 2p orbitals in PCBO narrows the bandgap (1.83 eV), facilitating the rapid transfer of charge carriers. Additionally, nonequivalent [CuO4]6− layers reduce crystal symmetry, confer PCBO unique piezoelectricity, and improve electron–hole separation under ultrasonic (US) excitation. This allows PCBO to convert US energy into chemical energy to produce ROS, achieving the accumulation of abundant ROS, resulting in apoptosis and tumor suppression. Concurrently, PCBO also acts as a glutathione scavenger to reduce tumor antioxidant capacity and improve efficacy. To the best of authors understanding, this study reveals PCBO as an innovative piezoelectric sonosensitizer and provides a meaningful paradigm for designing energy conversion strategies for tumor suppression.
Ethylene control in fruit quality assurance: A material science perspective
Authors: Jiang Yi , Liu Zhanpeng , Peydayesh Mohammad , Zhang Bin , Jia Xiangze , Huang Qiang
Published: April 2024

The waste of resources associated with fruit decay is rapidly spreading globally, threatening the interests of relevant practitioners and the health of consumer groups, and demanding precise solutions. Controlling fruit ripening through ethylene regulation is one of the most important strategies for providing high‐quality fruits. However, current materials for ethylene regulation still have difficulty realizing their application potential due to high manufacturing costs and performance deficiencies. In this review, the ethylene‐controlled release materials for ripening based on molecular encapsulation and the ethylene scavengers for preservation based on mechanisms such as oxidation, photodegradation, and adsorption are presented. We discuss and analyze a wide range of materials in terms of mechanism, performance, potential of applicability, and sustainability. The ethylene release behavior of encapsulating materials depends on the form in which the ethylene binds to the material as well as on environmental factors (humidity and temperature). For ethylene scavengers, there are a variety of scavenging mechanisms, but they generally require porous materials as adsorption carriers. We highlight the great opportunity of designing soft crystalline porous materials as efficient ethylene adsorbent due to their unique structural properties. We present this review, including a summary of practical characteristics and deficiencies of various materials, to establish a systematic understanding of fruit quality assurance materials applied to ethylene regulation, anticipating a promising prospect for these new materials.
Lower relapse incidence with haploidentical versus matched sibling or unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation for core‐binding factor AML patients in CR2: A study from the Global Committee and the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Ye Yishan , Labopin Myriam , Gérard Socié , Yakoub‐Agha Ibrahim , Blau Igor Wolfgang , Aljurf Mahmoud , Forcade Edouard , Gedde‐Dahl Tobias , Burns David , Vydra Jan , Halahleh Khalid , Hamladji Rose‐Marie , Bazarbachi Ali , Nagler Arnon , Brissot Eolia , Li Lin , Luo Yi , Zhao Yanmin , Ciceri Fabio , Huang He , Mohty Mohamad , Gorin Norbert Claude
Published: April 2024

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HCT) is recommended for core‐binding factor mutated (CBF) AML patients achieving second complete remission (CR2). However, approximately 20% of patients may relapse after transplant and donor preference remains unclear. We compared in this EBMT global multicenter registry‐based analysis the allo‐HCT outcomes using either haploidentical (Haplo), matched siblings donors (MSD), or 10/10 matched unrelated donors (MUD). Data from 865 de novo adult CBF AML patients in CR2 receiving allo‐HCT in 227 EBMT centers from 2010 to 2022 were analyzed, in which 329 MSD, 374 MUD, and 162 Haplo‐HCTs were included. For the entire cohort, 503 (58%) patients were inv(16)/CBFB‐MYH11 and 362 patients (42%) were t(8;21)/RUNX1‐RUNX1T1 AML. On multivariate analysis, Haplo‐HCT was associated with a lower Relapse Incidence (RI) compared to either MSD (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.56, 95% CI 0.32–0.97; p < .05) or MUD (HR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.33–0.99, p < .05). No significant difference was observed among the 3 types of donors on LFS, OS and GRFS. CBF‐AML with t(8;21) was associated with both higher RI (HR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.3–2.47; p < .01) and higher NRM (HR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.1–2.27; p < .01) than CBF‐AML with inv(16), which led to worse LFS, OS and GRFS. To conclude, for CBF‐AML patients in CR2, Haplo‐HCTs were associated with a lower RI compared to MSD and MUD allo‐HCTs. There was no difference on LFS, OS or GRFS. CBF AML patients with inv(16) had a better progonosis than those with t(8;21) after allo‐HCT in CR2.
Genetic characterization of a captive marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) colony using genotype‐by‐sequencing
Authors: Cole Shelley A. , Lyke Martha M. , Christensen Clinton , Newman Deborah , Bagwell Alec , Galindo Samuel , Glenn Jeremy , Layne‐Colon Donna G. , Sayers Ken , Tardif Suzette , Cox Laura A. , Ross Corinna , Cheeseman Ian H.
Published: April 2024

The marmoset is a fundamental nonhuman primate model for the study of aging, neurobiology, and many other topics. Genetic management of captive marmoset colonies is complicated by frequent chimerism in the blood and other tissues, a lack of tools to enable cost‐effective, genome‐wide interrogation of variation, and historic mergers and migrations of animals between colonies. We implemented genotype‐by‐sequencing (GBS) of hair follicle derived DNA (a minimally chimeric DNA source) of 82 marmosets housed at the Southwest National Primate Research Center (SNPRC). Our primary goals were the genetic characterization of our marmoset population for pedigree verification and colony management and to inform the scientific community of the functional genetic makeup of this valuable resource. We used the GBS data to reconstruct the genetic legacy of recent mergers between colonies, to identify genetically related animals whose relationships were previously unknown due to incomplete pedigree information, and to show that animals in the SNPRC colony appear to exhibit low levels of inbreeding. Of the >99,000 single‐nucleotide variants (SNVs) that we characterized, >9800 are located within gene regions known to harbor pathogenic variants of clinical significance in humans. Overall, we show the combination of low‐resolution (sparse) genotyping using hair follicle DNA is a powerful strategy for the genetic management of captive marmoset colonies and for identifying potential SNVs for the development of biomedical research models.
Emergency resuscitative thoracotomy in severe trauma: Analysis of the nation‐wide registry data in Japan
Authors: Okano Hiromu , Terayama Takero , Okamoto Hiroshi , Yamazaki Tsutomu
Published: April 2024

Aim

Emergency resuscitative thoracotomy is a potentially lifesaving procedure for patients with cardiac pulmonary arrest and profound circulatory failure resulting from a severe injury. However, survival rate post‐emergency resuscitative thoracotomy shows considerable variation, with many studies constrained by limited sample sizes and ambiguous criteria for inclusion. Herein, we assessed the outcomes of emergency resuscitative thoracotomy and identified predictors of futility using Japan Trauma Data Bank data.

Methods

Data of patients aged ≥18 years between 2004 and 2019 were analyzed. The primary outcome measure was survival at discharge. Descriptive statistics were used to compare the survivor and nonsurvivor groups. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify predictors of survival in patients undergoing emergency resuscitative thoracotomy while adjusting for confounding factors.

Results

Among patients who underwent emergency resuscitative thoracotomy, 684/5062 (13.5%) survived. Age <65 years (adjusted odds ratio, 1.351; 95% confidence interval, 1.130–1.615; p < 0.001), absence of cardiac pulmonary arrest on emergency department arrival (adjusted odds ratio, 1.694; 95% confidence interval, 1.280–2.243; p < 0.01), Injury Severity Score <16 (adjusted odds ratio, 2.195; 95% confidence interval, 1.611–2.992; p < 0.01), and penetrating injury (adjusted odds ratio, 1.834; 95% confidence interval, 1.384–2.431; p < 0.01) were identified as factors associated with survival at discharge.

Conclusion

The survival rate for emergency resuscitative thoracotomy in Japan stands at approximately 13.5%. Factors contributing to survival include younger age, absence of cardiopulmonary arrest at emergency department arrival, lack of severe trauma, and sustaining penetrating injuries.
Recent Advancements in Ascribing Several Platinum Free Electrocatalysts Pertinent to Hydrogen Evolution from Water Reduction
Authors: Islam Fahamidul , Ahsan Mohebul , Islam Nurnobi , Hossain Mohammad Imran , Bahadur Newaz Mohammed , Aziz Abdul , Al‐Humaidi Jehan Y. , Rahman Mohammed M. , Maiyalagan T. , Hasnat Mohammad A.
Published: April 2024

The advancement of a sustainable and scalable catalyst for hydrogen production is crucial for the future of the hydrogen economy. Electrochemical water splitting stands out as a promising pathway for sustainable hydrogen production. However, the development of Pt‐free electrocatalysts that match the energy efficiency of Pt while remaining economical poses a significant challenge. This review addresses this challenge by highlighting latest breakthroughs in Pt‐free catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Specifically, we delve into the catalytic performance of various transition metal phosphides, metal carbides, metal sulphides, and metal nitrides toward HER. Our discussion emphasizes strategies for enhancing catalytic performance and explores the relationship between structural composition and the performance of different electrocatalysts. Through this comprehensive review, we aim to provide insights into the ongoing efforts to overcome barriers to scalable hydrogen production and pave the way for a sustainable hydrogen economy.
Infection‐responsive polysaccharide‐based drug‐loaded nano‐assembly for dual‐modal treatment against drug‐resistant bacterial lung infection
Authors: Han Lin , Yuan Zhonghua , Ren Hui‐Min , Song Weizhuo , Wu Ruonan , Li Jie , Guo Zhaoyan , Yu Bingran , Duan Shun , Xu Fu‐Jian
Published: April 2024

The escalating issue of lung infections induced by multi‐drug resistant (MDR) bacteria is threatening human health. Thus, the development of efficient drug delivery systems is essential to eliminate MDR bacterial lung infections effectively. Herein, we designed inhalable drug‐loaded nano‐assemblies by the electrostatic interaction between negatively charged sodium alginate and a positively charged antibacterial polymer, quaternized polyethyleneimine (QPEI‐C6), as well as a kind of typical antibiotic for therapy of lung infection, azithromycin (AZT). By adjusting the feed ratios, we optimized the size of the nano‐assembly to approximately 200 nm (STQ12), which was beneficial for penetration through the mucus layer and biofilm. In the slightly acidic environment of the infected site, the nano‐assembly could dissemble responsively and release AZT and QPEI‐C6. Because of the combined bactericidal effect, STQ12 exhibited high bactericidal efficiency against MDR bacteria. In animal experiments, STQ12 showed notable efficacy against MDR bacterial lung infection. Gene transcriptomic results showed that the main effects of STQ12 against bacteria were through influencing the bacterial cell components and metabolic processes, and affecting their growth and reproduction. This work provides a promising strategy to treat MDR bacterium‐induced lower respiratory tract infections.
Capturing the cervical spine shape: Angular measurements versus geometric morphometric methods
Authors: Kedar Einat , Ezra David , Pelleg‐Kallevag Ruth , Stein Dan , Peled Nathan , May Hila , Hershkovitz Israel
Published: April 2024

The cervical spine manifests a wide shape variation. However, the traditional methods to evaluate the cervical spine curve were never tested against its actual shape. The study's main aim was to determine whether the shape classification of the cervical spine, based on traditional angular measurements, coincides with each other and with the shape captured by the 2D landmark‐based geometric morphometric method. The study's second aim was to reveal the associations between the cervical spine shape and the demographic parameters, the head's position, and the spine's sagittal balance. CT scans of the cervical spine of 163 individuals were evaluated to achieve these goals. The shape was assessed by measuring the C2–C7 Cobb angle (CA), the C2–C7 posterior tangent angle (PTA), the curvedness of the arch, and by a 2D landmark‐based geometric morphometric method. The position of the head and the sagittal balance of the spine were evaluated by measuring the foramen magnum‐C2 Cobb angle (FMCA) and the T1 slope angle (T1SA), respectively. Based on the size of the angle measured, each individual was classified into one of the three cervical ‘shape groups’ (lordotic, straight, and kyphotic). We found that cervical lordosis was the dominant shape regardless of the measuring methods utilized (46.6%–54.6%), followed by straight neck (28.2%–30.1%), and kyphosis (15.3%–25.2%); however, about a third of the 163 individuals were classified into a different shape group using the CA and PTA methods. The cervical spine angle was sex‐independent and age‐dependent. The T1SA was significantly correlated with CA and PTA (r = 0.640 and r = 0.585, respectively; p < 0.001). In conclusion, the cervical spine shape evaluation is method‐dependent and varies with age.
Atrial tachycardia ablation through the sub‐pulmonary ventricle in a patient with multiple malformations associated with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries and double‐sided slow‐pathway
Authors: Preda Alberto , Testoni Alessio , Baroni Matteo , Mazzone Patrizio , Gigli Lorenzo
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

A 46‐year‐old woman with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA) associated with dextrocardia, situs viscerus inversus, and left superior vena cava persistence presented with an incessant supraventricular tachycardia. Electrophysiological study was not conclusive in differential diagnosis of atrial tachycardia versus atypical atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentrant tachycardia, also due to the unconventional anatomy of the coronary sinus. By a comprehensive mapping of cardiac chambers, a double side slow‐pathway was localized in both atrial chambers and subsequently ablated by radiofrequency delivery without tachycardia changes. Aortic root and cusps were devoid of electrical activity. The muscular part of the sub‐pulmonary ventricle at the level of interatrial septum showed an earliest activation signal of −90 ms and ablation of this site was effective in abolish the tachycardia. This is the first case to report technical concerns of septal atrial tachycardia ablation in ccTGA associated with multiple anatomical malformations. Moreover, some peculiarities have been reported for the first time including the presence of double‐side AV nodal slow‐pathway and atypical localization of the tachycardia origin into the muscular part of the sub‐pulmonary ventricle instead of posterior pulmonary cusp.
Hybrid surgical approach excision of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST): A case report of GIST at an unusual location and review of the literature
Authors: Khaled Islam , Hafez Mousa Ahmed , Yasir Nukaly Houriah , Mohammed Zubair Mohammed Talha , Alsharif Mohammad Hassan , Abujamai Jakleen Ziyad , Ahmed Ruqayyah Ali , Alklani Temaa , Ennab Farah
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are the most common malignant subepithelial lesions involving the gastrointestinal tract. Surgical techniques have been the mainstay of treatment, however, in recent times hybrid surgeries are being introduced yielding better clinical outcomes.
Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma originating in the subglottic larynx: A case report with imm unohistochemical study
Authors: Asadi Mahboobe , Elyasi Milad , Shahzamani Arvin , Miri Saeedeh
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Laryngeal neuroendocrine carcinomas are the most common non‐squamous neoplasm of the larynx. Due to the rarity of the tumor, pathological diagnosis should be confirmed by immunohistochemistry.

Laryngeal neuroendocrine carcinomas (LNECs) are a rare cancer of the head and neck. Few case reports of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma originating in the subglottic larynx exist within the literature. In this case, we discuss a 57‐year‐old patient with a history of four‐month hoarseness with a newly diagnosed of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma in the subglottic larynx. Treatment and prognosis of the various NEC groups differ, so precise identification requires consideration of the microscopic findings and immunostaining analysis. immunohistochemistry staining demonstrated positive result for cytokeratin 7, synaptophysin, chromogranin, CD 56, with the Ki‐67 index of45%. Although surgery is usually the treatment for all tumor types, chemo radiotherapy is recommended for poorly differentiated NECs because surgery is ineffective.
Sore throat, fever, and pancytopenia during winter
Authors: Gard Jye , Howell Amy , Boubeta Claudia , Corcoran Hannah , Bell Fiona , McMahon Kathryn
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Care must be taken to mitigate the effect of cognitive bias in times of frequent common presentations. The etiology of bicytopenias and pancytopenias must always be carefully investigated. Blast cells in low count B ALL may not be seen on a peripheral smear and diagnosis often requires confirmational bone marrow aspirate with flow cytometry and molecular typing.
Challenges and Advances in Wide‐Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hong Zixin , Tian Hui , Fang Zhenhan , Luo Yufeng , Wu Hengcai , Zhao Fei , Li Qunqing , Fan Shoushan , Wang Jiaping
Published: April 2024

Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have gained widespread attention due to their numerous advantages, including high energy density, prolonged cycle life, and environmental friendliness. Nevertheless, their electrochemical performance deteriorates rapidly under extreme temperature conditions, accompanied by a series of safety issues. Electrolyte optimization has emerged as a crucial and feasible strategy to expand the operational temperature range of LIBs. This review comprehensively summarizes the challenges, advances, and characterization methodologies of electrolytes at both subzero and elevated temperatures. Initially, it discusses the degradation mechanisms of different types of electrolytes at extreme temperatures, integrates recent advances, and offers insights into future research directions. Subsequently, various experimental techniques are systematically presented to evaluate the fundamental physical properties, stability, and dynamic behaviors of electrolytes in non‐ambient environments. Finally, it also provides relevant computational methods across the electronic, molecular, and macroscopic scales, and explores the application of high‐throughput techniques in this field. This review offers valuable guidance for breaking the working temperature limits of electrolytes and promoting the development of next‐generation LIBs.
Pronounced Self‐Induced Diastereomeric Anisochronism in Anisidine Amino Acid Diamides
Authors: Menke Jan‐Michael , Trapp Oliver
Published: April 2024

The emergent properties resulting from selective supramolecular interactions are of significant importance for materials and chemical systems. For the directed use of such properties, a fundamental understanding of the interaction mechanism and the resulting mode of function is necessary for a tailored design. The self‐induced diastereomeric anisochronism effect (SIDA), which occurs in the intermolecular interaction of chiral molecules, generates unique properties such as chiral self‐recognition and nonlinear effects. Here we show that anisidine amino acid diamides lead to extraordinary signal splitting in NMR spectra through supramolecular interaction and homochiral self‐recognition. By systematic experiments we have investigated the underlying SIDA effect, explored its limits and finally successfully utilized it in the determination of enantiomeric ratios by NMR spectroscopy of chiral ‘SIDA‐inactive’ compounds such as thalidomide.
Efficient Blue Photo‐ and Electroluminescence from CF3‐Decorated Cu(I) Complexes
Authors: Li Ruoyan , Ying Ao , Tan Yao , Ai Yuhan , Gong Shaolong
Published: April 2024

Luminescent organometallic complexes of earth‐abundant copper(I) have long been studied in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLED). Particularly, Cu(I)‐based carbene‐metal‐amide (CMA) complexes have recently emerged as promising organometallic emitters. However, blue‐emitting Cu(I) CMA complexes have been rarely reported. Here we constructed two blue‐emitting Cu(I) CMA emitters, MAC*‐Cu‐CF3Cz and MAC*‐Cu‐2CF3Cz, by introducing one or two CF3 substitutes into carbazole ligands. Both complexes exhibited high thermal stability and blue emission colors. Moreover, two complexes exhibited different emission origins rooting from different donor ligands: a distinct thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) from ligand‐to‐ligand charge transfer excited states for MAC*‐Cu‐CF3Cz or a dominant phosphorescence nature from local triplet excited state of the carbazole ligand for MAC*‐Cu‐2CF3Cz. Inspiringly, MAC*‐Cu‐CF3Cz had high photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 94 % and short emission lifetimes of down to 1.2 μs in doped films, accompanied by relatively high radiative rates in the 105 s−1 order. The resultant vacuum‐deposited OLEDs based on MAC*‐Cu‐CF3Cz delivered pure‐blue electroluminescence at 462 nm together with a high external quantum efficiency of 13.0 %.
Afterglow Performance of Phenylenevinylene‐Based Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles Doped with Photosensitizers Containing Electron‐Withdrawing Groups
Authors: Shi Ting‐Jiao , Wang Dong‐Hui , Zhao Xu , Chen Li‐Jian , Yan Xiu‐Ping
Published: April 2024

It is usually believed that doping with photosensitizers capable of generating singlet oxygen (1O2) plays a pivotal role in enhancing the afterglow performance of semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs). However, the effect of doping photosensitizer bearing electron‐withdrawing groups has not been reported. Here we report the effect of doping with six photosensitizers possessing different electron‐withdrawing groups on the afterglow performance of SPNs using poly[(9,9‐di(2‐ethylhexyl)‐9H‐fluo‐rene‐2,7‐vinylene)‐co‐(1‐methoxy‐4‐(2‐ethylhexyloxy)‐2,5‐phenylenevinylene)] (PF‐MEHPPV) as substrate. It was found that the afterglow performance of SPNs was significantly influenced by doping with photosensitizers bearing electron‐withdrawing groups. For the doped photosensitizers with strong electron‐withdrawing groups, the stronger the electron‐withdrawing ability of the group, the worse of the afterglow performance of the SPN regardless of the 1O2 generation ability of the photosensitizer. When the doped photosensitizer exhibited weak or none electron‐withdrawing effect, the 1O2 generation ability of the photosensitizer played a dominant role on the afterglow performance of the SPNs. This work deepens the understanding of the design and synthesis of SPNs with different afterglow properties.
Overcrowded 14,14′‐Bidibenzo[a,j]anthracenes: Challenges in Syntheses and Atypical Property of Lacking Symmetry‐Breaking Charge Transfer (SBCT)
Authors: Pan Ming‐Lun , Hsu Chao‐Hsien , Lin Yan‐Ding , Chen Bo‐Han , Lu Chih‐Hsuan , Yang Shang‐Da , Chou Pi‐Tai , Wu Yao‐Ting
Published: April 2024

14,14′‐Bidibenzo[a,j]anthracenes (BDBAs) were prepared by iridium‐catalyzed annulation of 5,5′‐biterphenylene with alkynes. The molecular geometries of overcrowded BDBAs were verified by X‐ray crystallography. The two dibenzo[a,j]anthryl moieties are connected through the sterically hindered 14 positions, resulting in highly distorted molecular halves. The conformation with a small twist angle between two molecular halves can minimize steric conflicts between the substituents at 1 and 13 positions and the carbon atoms of the central axis, as well as steric clashes between those substituents. One such example is octafluoro‐substituted BDBA, where the interplanar angle between two anthryl moieties is approximately 31° (currently the lowest reported value, cf. 81° in 9,9′‐bianthracene). The intramolecular interactions and electronic couplings between two molecular halves resulted in upfield 1H NMR signals, redshifted absorption and emission bands, and a reduced HOMO–LUMO gap. Photodynamic investigations on BDBAs indicated that the formation of the conventional symmetry‐breaking charge transfer (SBCT) state was suspended by restricted rocking around the central C−C bond. Such a mechanism associated with this highly constrained conformation was examined for the first time.
Structural Basis of Conformational Dynamics in the PROTAC‐Induced Protein Degradation
Authors: Zhao Hongtao
Published: April 2024

Pronounced conformational dynamics is unveiled upon analyzing multiple crystal structures of the same proteins recruited to the same E3 ligases by PROTACs, and yet, is largely permissive for targeted protein degradation due to the intrinsic mobility of E3 assemblies creating a large ubiquitylation zone. Mathematical modelling of ternary dynamics on ubiquitylation probability confirms the experimental finding that ternary complex rigidification need not correlate with enhanced protein degradation. Salt bridges are found to prevail in the PROTAC‐induced ternary complexes, and may contribute to a positive cooperativity and prolonged half‐life. The analysis highlights the importance of presenting lysines close to the active site of the E2 enzyme while constraining ternary dynamics in PROTAC design to achieve high degradation efficiency.
SnO2/Au Microelectromechanical Systems Modified by Oxygen Vacancies for Enhanced Sensing of Dioctyl Phthalate
Authors: Chen Xue , Wang Danyang , Xu Menghan , Jia Rongrong , Yu Dongqi , Huang Lei
Published: April 2024

Dioctyl phthalate (DOP) serves as a characteristic gas utilized in early electrical fire detection, its detection offers promising prospects for the prevention of electrical fires. In this study, we employed a modified photodeposition method to prepare Tin dioxide (SnO2) materials co‐modified with Au and oxygen vacancies. Subsequently, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) gas sensor for DOP detection were fabricated, utilizing 0.5 %Au/SnO2−I as the sensing material. Characterization results reveal the presence of abundant oxygen vacancies in 0.5 %Au/SnO2−I. The synergistic interplay of Au and oxygen vacancies resulted in a remarkable response of 9.98 to 20 ppm of DOP at operational temperature of 250 °C. This represents a significant 96 % enhancement in comparison to the response value of 4.50 exhibited by pure SnO2 at 300 °C. Notably, this gas sensor boasts low power consumption and demonstrates a quick response in the detection of overheating polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cables under simulated conditions.
The stability and acceptance of the “system of competency‐based curriculum design” framework: Perspectives of teachers
Authors: Lin Hsiao‐Fang , Lu Hsiu‐Lien , Lin Mei‐Jiun
Published: April 2024

The “System of Competency‐Based Curriculum Design” (SCCD) framework was developed to meet the requirement for reform in competency‐based education and overcome the limitations of Understanding by Design (UbD). This comprehensive framework, incorporating knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values, aligns with competency ingredients as defined by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and integrates diverse curriculum theories. It provides educators with clear steps and empowers them to make iterative calibration while designing units/courses, ensuring a dynamic and responsive approach to curriculum development. To assess the stability and acceptance of the SCCD framework, a research instrument was developed, encompassing five stability subscales with a total of 25 items and an additional acceptance subscale featuring five items. A total of 455 participants who participated in SCCD training workshops were involved in the study. The research outcomes affirm the robustness of its theoretical foundation. Additionally, the unequivocal endorsement of its concept by teachers from diverse backgrounds serves as further validation of its integrity. The study concludes with recommendations derived from the obtained results.
Highly Integrated Perovskite Solar Cells‐Based Photorechargeable System with Excellent Photoelectric Conversion and Energy Storage Ability
Authors: Bi Jinxin , Li Shaoyin , Liu Dongtao , Li Bowei , Yang Kai , Xu Ming , Fu Chaopeng , Zhao Yunlong , Zhang Wei
Published: April 2024

Perovskite solar cells have emerged as a promising technology for renewable energy generation. However, the successful integration of perovskite solar cells with energy storage devices to establish high‐efficiency and long‐term stable photorechargeable systems remains a persistent challenge. Issues such as electrical mismatch and restricted integration levels contribute to elevated internal resistance, leading to suboptimal overall efficiency (ηoverall) within photorechargeable systems. Additionally, the compatibility of perovskite solar cells with electrolytes from energy storage devices poses another significant concern regarding their stability. To address these limitations, we demonstrate a highly integrated photorechargeable system that combines perovskite solar cells with a solid‐state zinc‐ion hybrid capacitor using a streamlined process. Our study employs a novel ultraviolet‐cured ionogel electrolyte to prevent moisture‐induced degradation of the perovskite layer in integrated photorechargeable system, enabling perovskite solar cells to achieve maximum power conversion efficiencies and facilitating the monolithic design of the system with minimal energy loss. By precisely matching voltages between the two modules and leveraging the superior energy storage efficiency, our integrated photorechargeable system achieves a remarkable ηoverall of 10.01% while maintaining excellent cycling stability. This innovative design and the comprehensive investigations of the dynamic photocharging process in monolithic systems, not only offer a reliable and enduring power source but also provide guidelines for future development of self‐power off‐grid electronics.
Direct Synthesis of Monofluoromethylthioesters from Acyl Chlorides with Elemental Sulfur and Fluoroiodomethane
Authors: Hu Chen‐Chen , Zhang Yu‐Yang , Fang Zeguo , Qing Feng‐Ling
Published: April 2024

We report an unprecedented Ni‐catalyzed direct monofluoromethylthiolation of acyl chlorides, in situ generated from carboxylic acids, with elemental sulfur (S8) as the S source and fluoroiodomethane (ICH2F) as the CH2F radical source to produce a series of monofluoromethylthioesters in moderate to good yields. This approach features excellent functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope. Additionally, the late‐stage monofluoromethylthiolation of complex bioactive molecules can also be accomplished using this method.