bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Researchers’ Practice and Perception of Research Ethics and the Role of Institutional Support: Insights From a pan-European Researcher Survey
Authors: Berghaeuser Hendrik , Prass Max , Lindner Ralf
Published: December 2024

Research Ethics is a key element of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI). In spite of an increased interest in this topic there is little empirical evidence about scientists’ practice and perception of Research Ethics. Drawing on a large-scale survey among 4,180 European researchers we present unique insights into Research Ethics activities, researchers’ motivation for ethical behavior, the perceived barriers and benefits as well as the role of institutional support. According to the survey results, most researchers consider ethical issues in their research projects and see it as part of good research practice or are convinced that research must be ethical. Perceived benefits of Research Ethics are higher quality of scientific outputs, higher social relevance of research, increased societal impact and a changed approach to risk. Barriers to ethics activities are particularly seen in the absence of institutional support and incentives. With regard to institutional support, we show that offers and infrastructures of Research Performing Organisations for Research Ethics are not well known among the employed researchers in general. Through a regression analysis about the influence of institutional support on Research Ethics we see at the same time that the provision of an Ethics team that researchers can address and the existence of a policy for designing ethical values and principles into research practice have a positive influence on researchers to engage in Research Ethics activities. The results underlines the importance of low-threshold services and personal contacts for researchers with ethical questions.
The therapeutic use of 177 Lu-PSMA-617 radioligand therapy in prostate cancer treatment: a review of literature and ongoing trials
Authors: Konopnicki Alexander , Zaliznyak Michael , Roy Mathews , Jana Bagi
Published: December 2024

Radioligand therapy is a targeted cancer treatment modality in which radioisotopes are utilized in the delivery of radiation at targeted cancer cells, with the goal of sparing normal cells. Prostate cancer is a well-known radiosensitive disease, historically treated with radioisotopes such as Strontium-89, Samarium-153, and Radium-223 for palliation of bone metastases. Recently, prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has recently been employed as a radioligand target due to its unique properties of high expression on the surface of prostate cancer cells, limited expression in normal tissue, function as an internalizing cell surface receptor, and increased expression with androgen deprivation therapy. In 2015, 177Lu-PSMA-617 was first introduced as a promising treatment option for castration-resistant prostate cancer, and 7 years later the results of the phase III VISION trial led to 177Lu-PSMA-617 gaining FDA approval for the treatment of progressive castration-resistant prostate cancer. These results in combination with the inherent properties of 177Lu-PSMA-617 have led to its current exploration as a promising treatment modality beyond progressive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, and into the earlier phases of prostate cancer. This review paper aims to highlight the key phase III randomized controlled trials related to 177Lu-PSMA-617 in all stages of prostate cancer, as well as bring attention to ongoing, earlier phase I/II trials incorporating 177Lu-PSMA-617.
A scientometric analysis on DFIG-based wind energy conversion system research trends
Authors: Thota Kalyaani , Velpula Srikanth , Basetti Vedik
Published: December 2024

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current research on the global wind energy systems, in particular to Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) with Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). The analysis is based on the Scopus database from the year 2001 to 2024 and uses multiple methodologies for analysis. During this period, 3,196 documented research papers related to DFIG-based WECS systems were identified. Only one paper was published in 2002, while 324 papers were published in 2018. Among the 22 countries contributing to this field, China, India, and Morocco led with 340, 317, and 131 articles, respectively. However, India demonstrated the best quality of research, with only 9% of its 317 papers classified as low quality, while 97.2% of these papers were considered high quality. Team efforts are prevalent, accounting for 79.32% of the work. The most frequently used journals for publication are the Journal of Renewable Energy with 83 articles, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications with 52 articles, and the International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems with 50 articles. English was the most commonly used language, reported in 97% of the papers. As a result, this research points out new directions and stimulates further investigations into wind energy research analysis.
The future of artificial intelligence: evaluating ChatGPT's performance in X sentiment prediction
Authors: Malas Laila , Shawaqfeh Ahmad , Abushakra Ahmad
Published: December 2024

Technological advancements have significantly progressed from the inception of computers and the internet to the rise of artificial intelligence (AI), profoundly impacting various sectors such as business, education, and healthcare. Among these advancements, ChatGPT has emerged as a prominent conversational AI tool, facilitating tasks such as sentiment prediction and sector-specific decision-making. This study aims to evaluate ChatGPT's performance in analyzing public sentiment using data from X (formerly Twitter) and to propose an ethical framework for its sector-specific applications. By combining the BERT transformer model with BiLSTM, Random Forest, and K-Nearest Neighbor algorithms, the study achieves a hybrid approach to sentiment prediction, demonstrating superior performance with an accuracy of 86.7%. Furthermore, the study explores ethical considerations, such as fairness, accountability, and transparency, to address ChatGPT's adoption across industries. The findings offer insights into both the technical and ethical dimensions of ChatGPT’s integration into business, education, and healthcare sectors, emphasizing its potential for sustainable and responsible use.
Children's Digital Experiences in Indian Slums
Authors: Bhatia Kiran Vinod
Published: December 2024

This book departs from the universalising and rescue narratives of poor children and technologies. It offers complex stories on how children's social identities (gender, caste, and religion), cultural norms, and personal aspirations influence their digital experiences. How do children challenge, circumvent, or reinforce the dominant sociocultural norms in their engagements with digital technologies? What can we learn about digital technologies and poor children's jugaad and aspirations in the urban sprawls of India? This book explores these questions ethnographically by focusing on how children in three urban slums in India access technologies, inhabit online spaces, and personalise their digital experiences, networks, and identity articulations based on their values and aspirations. It utilises insights from studies on jugaad, expression, and sociality to argue that poor children's material realities, community relations, and aspirations for leisure, class mobility, and belongingness profoundly shape their engagements with digital technologies.
Structure of tubular halloysite-(10 Å) and its transition to halloysite-(7 Å) by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction
Authors: Siranidi Eirini , Hillier Stephen , Chryssikos Georgios D.
Published: December 2024

Halloysite nanotubes (often abbreviated as HNTs) are technologically important owing to their unique structural and morphological features. Some of these features pre-exist in the naturally hydrated halloysite-(10 Å) parent clay mineral; others may develop during its dehydration towards halloysite-(7 Å). This is the first infrared spectroscopic study of the transition to halloysite-(7 Å), which, in combination with X-ray diffraction (XRD), aimed at advancing the structural description of the process. Three cylindrical and two polygonal halloysite-(10 Å) samples, in both their H- and D-forms, were measured by attenuated total reflectance (ATR), non-invasively and in situ, following step-wise equilibration from 70% relative humidity (RH) to <10% RH and back to 70% RH at ambient temperature. This approach allowed for recording the spectrum of the dehydrating (but not rehydrating) interlayer in the νO–D range, without interference from the inner νOH groups, or from the inner-surface νOH of anhydrous interlayers already present in the parent material. Besides the well-known ‘hole’ H2O species, a new type of H2O-decorated defect was detected at frequencies normally dominated by the inner νOH. This defect is linked to the microenvironment created by the detachment between layer packets and forming ‘crevices’ or ‘slits’ upon dehydration. In addition, the study of the νSi–O spectrum demonstrated that the dehydration of halloysite-(10 Å) leads to the parallel formation of localized, ordered, kaolinite-like domains co-existing with regions of accumulated disorder. The as-produced halloysite-(7 Å) had a non-ideal, open structure that resisted rehydration because the kaolinite-like domains do not rehydrate and act as permanent cross-links.
The vertical-velocity skewness in the inertial sublayer of turbulent wall flows
Authors: Buono Elia , Katul Gabriel , Heisel Michael , Vettori Davide , Poggi Davide , Peruzzi Cosimo , Manes Costantino
Published: December 2024

Empirical evidence is provided that within the inertial sublayer (i.e. logarithmic region) of adiabatic turbulent flows over smooth walls, the skewness of the vertical-velocity component

$S_w$

displays universal behaviour, being a positive constant and constrained within the range

$S_w \approx 0.1\unicode{x2013}0.16$

, regardless of flow configuration and Reynolds number. A theoretical model is then proposed to explain this behaviour, including the observed range of variations of

$S_w$

. The proposed model clarifies why

$S_w$

cannot be predicted from down-gradient closure approximations routinely employed in large-scale meteorological and climate models. The proposed model also offers an alternative and implementable approach for such large-scale models.
‘Hell? Yes!’ Moorean reasons to reject three objections to the possibility of damnation
Authors: Rooney James Dominic
Published: December 2024

Objections to the orthodox doctrine of an eternal hell often rely on arguments that it cannot be a person’s own fault that she ends up in hell. The article summarizes and addresses three significant arguments which aim to show that it could not be any individual’s fault that they end up in hell. I respond to these objections by showing that those who affirm a classical picture of sin have Moorean reasons to reject these objections. That classical perspective holds that all (serious) sin involves choosing eternal destiny apart from God and that no sin could possibly be caused by God. Consequently, it is necessary for ending up in hell that someone commit a serious sin, and it is sufficient for ending up damned that one persists forever in sin. Since the objections conflict with Moorean commitments central to the classical perspective, those who hold to such a classical perspective on sin would have good reason to reject all these arguments, which involve assumptions that would entail that such a perspective is false.
Road toward institutionalizing health technology assessment in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi: The role of evidence-informed deliberative processes
Authors: Bijlmakers Leon , Egeli Pinar , Al Saeedi Amna Ibrahim , Sadoon Bakr , Richter Dirk , Oortwijn Wija
Published: December 2024

Objective

This paper reports on the process used to embark on one of the core strategies of Abu Dhabi’s Department of Health, which was to develop a roadmap for HTA implementation and institutionalization, based on the aspirations and needs of local stakeholders and making use of the evidence-informed deliberative processes framework. The paper also highlights the main features of the road map that may be expected to address some of the current challenges.

Methods

A series of activities were undertaken that informed the subsequent development of the roadmap. They comprised a situation analysis using a combination of desk research and semistructured (group) interviews with 45 stakeholders. The findings were discussed in two workshops; face-to-face with nonindustry stakeholders from Abu Dhabi, and online with industry representatives.

Results

Guided by the EDP framework, the roadmap provides instructions how to organize stakeholder involvement, how to identify and operationalize decision criteria, and how to ensure that the decision-making process is transparent. Specific guidance is given on establishing an HTA structure with an appropriate policy framework, the formulation of an HTA program, a communication strategy, as well as building and leveraging HTA expertise.

Conclusion

Broad stakeholder consultation has been instrumental toward the establishment of a comprehensive HTA framework in Abu Dhabi, and the development of a road map. The interest raised during stakeholder consultations and the commitments made hold promise for the adoption and establishment of EDP principles to support HTA in Abu Dhabi that have potential to contribute to a sustainable high-quality healthcare system.
Psilocybin increases emotional empathy in patients with major depression
Authors: Jungwirth J. , von Rotz R. , Dziobek I. , Vollenweider F. X. , Preller K. H.
Published: December 2024

Empathy plays a crucial role in interpersonal relationships and mental health. It is decreased in a variety of psychiatric disorders including major depression. Psilocybin, a promising candidate for treating depression, has been shown to acutely increase emotional empathy in healthy volunteers. However, no study has investigated this effect and its relevance for symptom improvement in a clinical population. This study examines the enduring effects of psilocybin-assisted therapy on empathy in depressed patients using a randomized, placebo-controlled design. Fifty-one depressed patients were randomly assigned to receive a single dose of psilocybin (0215 mg/kg body weight) or a placebo embedded in a 4-week psychological support intervention. Empathy was measured using the Multifaceted Empathy Test at baseline and 2 days, 1 week, and 2 weeks after substance administration. Changes in empathy were compared between treatment conditions. Patients who received psilocybin showed significant improvements in explicit emotional empathy driven by an increase in empathy towards positive stimuli compared to the placebo group for at least two weeks. This study highlights the potential of psychedelics to enhance social cognition in individuals living with depression and contributes to a better understanding of the psychological mechanisms of action of psychedelics. Further studies are necessary to investigate the interaction between social cognition and clinical efficacy.

The trial is registered on clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier: NCT03715127) and KOFAM (Identifier: SNCTP000003139).
The scramblases VMP1 and TMEM41B are required for primitive endoderm specification by targeting WNT signaling
Authors: Holzner Markus , Sonicki Tea , Hunn Hugo , Uliana Federico , Jiang Weijun , Gade Vamshidhar R. , Weis Karsten , Wutz Anton , Di Minin Giulio
Published: December 2024

The ER-resident proteins VMP1 and TMEM41B share a conserved DedA domain, which confers lipid scramblase activity. Loss of either gene results in embryonic lethality in mice and defects in autophagy and lipid droplet metabolism. To investigate their role in pluripotency and lineage specification, we generated Vmp1 and Tmem41b mutations in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We observed that ESCs carrying mutations in Vmp1 and Tmem41b show robust self-renewal and an unperturbed pluripotent expression profile but accumulate LC3-positive autophagosomes and lipid droplets consistent with defects in autophagy and lipid metabolism. ESCs carrying combined mutations in Vmp1 and Tmem41b can differentiate into a wide range of embryonic cell types. However, differentiation into primitive endoderm-like cells in culture is impaired, and the establishment of extra-embryonic endoderm stem (XEN) cells is delayed. Mechanistically, we show the deregulation of genes that are associated with WNT signaling. This is further confirmed by cell surface proteome profiling, which identified a significant reduction of the WNT-receptor FZD2 at the plasma membrane in Vmp1 and Tmem41b double mutant ESCs. Importantly, we show that transgenic expression of Fzd2 rescues XEN differentiation. Our findings identify the role of the lipid scramblases VMP1 and TMEM41B in WNT signaling during extra-embryonic endoderm development and characterize their distinct and overlapping functions.
AAV library screening identifies novel vector for efficient transduction of human aorta
Authors: Schröder Lena C. , Hüttermann Leonard , Kliesow Remes Anca , Voran Jakob C. , Hille Susanne , Sommer Wiebke , Lutter Georg , Warnecke Gregor , Frank Derk , Schade Dennis , Müller Oliver J.
Published: December 2024

Targeted gene delivery to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) could prevent or improve a variety of diseases affecting the vasculature and particularly the aorta. Thus, we aimed to develop a delivery vector that efficiently targets VSMCs. We selected engineered adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsids from a random AAV capsid library and tested the top enriched motifs in parallel screening through individual barcoding. This approach allowed us to distinguish capsids that only transduce cells based on genomic DNA (gDNA) from those also mediating transgene expression based on transcribed cDNA reads. After three rounds of selection on primary murine VSMCs (mVSMCs), we identified a novel targeting motif (RFTEKPA) that significantly improved transduction and gene expression efficiency over AAV9-wild type (WT) and increased expression in mVSMCs by 70% compared to the previously identified SLRSPPS peptide. Further analysis showed that the novel motif also improved expression in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs) and human aortic tissue ex vivo up to threefold compared to SLRSPPS and approximately 70-fold to AAV9-WT. This high cross-species transduction efficiency makes the novel capsid motif a potential candidate for future clinical application in vascular diseases.
Record-low Antarctic sea ice in 2023 increased ocean heat loss and storms
Authors: Josey Simon A. , Meijers Andrew J. S. , Blaker Adam T. , Grist Jeremy P. , Mecking Jenny , Ayres Holly C.
Published: December 2024

Recent Antarctic sea-ice decline is a substantial source of concern, notably the record low in 2023 (ref. 1). Progress has been made towards establishing the causes of ice loss1–5 but uncertainty remains about its consequences for ocean–atmosphere interaction. Resolution of this uncertainty is important as ice decline can substantially alter surface heat loss and thus the ocean and atmosphere6. Here we show that the strongest winter 2023 ice-retraction regions provide an important new source of turbulent ocean heat loss to the atmosphere in wintertime. Ice concentration in these regions (located primarily in the Weddell, Bellingshausen and Ross seas) is reduced by up to 80% and is accompanied by an unprecedented doubling of mid-winter ocean heat loss. Also, there is a phase shift in the time of peak heat loss from late April to mid-June, with weaker than normal heat loss in austral autumn. The winter surface-heat-loss intensification is accompanied by substantial changes on both sides of the ocean–atmosphere interface. These include increases in atmospheric-storm frequency and surface-heat-loss-driven dense water formation, although the implications of the densification for broader processes such as Antarctic bottom water formation remain unclear. Our results reveal that the 2023 Antarctic sea-ice loss has substantially modified air–sea interaction in the Southern Ocean and motivate in-depth analysis of the wider climate-system impacts.
Chain splitting of insulin: an underlying mechanism of insulin resistance?
Authors: Cramer Christian N. , Hubálek František , Brand Christian Lehn , Helleberg Hans , Kurtzhals Peter , Sturis Jeppe
Published: December 2024

Despite decades of intense research, the mechanisms underlying insulin resistance are still poorly understood. What if one of the major causes of insulin resistance is not related to defects in the target tissues and/or insulin receptor signaling, but rather to a reduced survival of endogenously secreted insulin on its way to activating the receptor on the cell surface of the target tissues? Here, we present data and lay out arguments in support of this novel hypothesis, which is fundamentally different from the common view that insulin resistance is caused by the body’s cells becoming less sensitive to insulin.
A polyaniline-enhanced quartz crystal microbalance sensor for room-temperature camphor detection
Authors: Aflaha Rizky , Dzaki Muammar Romiz , Katriani Laila , As'ari Ahmad Hasan , Maharani Chlara Naren , Kuncaka Agus , Natsir Taufik Abdillah , Rianjanu Aditya , Gupta Ruchi , Triyana Kuwat , Roto Roto
Published: December 2024

This study used quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) as the sensor base, which was coated with nanofiber and drop cast using polyaniline (PANi) to detect camphor. As a result, a camphor sensor with high performance was obtained.
From single atoms to nanoparticles: size effect on Pd/C-catalyzed hydrogenation of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid
Authors: Zheng Jiali , Li Zhihui , Zhang Dongsheng , Zhao Xinqiang , Zhao Qian , Wang Yanji
Published: December 2024

In this study, five catalysts with Pd particle sizes ranging from single atoms to nanoclusters and nanoparticles were synthesized by controlling the Pd loading amount and preparation methods, and applied in the hydrogenation of FDCA to THFDCA.
Next-generation air filtration nanotechnology for improved indoor air quality
Authors: Kim Hongchan , Oh Junhyuk , Lee Hakbeom , Jeong Seongmin , Ko Seung Hwan
Published: December 2024

This feature article focuses on classifying pollutants that degrade indoor air quality (IAQ) and highlights next-generation nanofilter technologies to address them.
Heterogeneous catalysis strategies for polyolefin plastic upcycling: co-reactant-assisted and direct transformation under mild conditions
Authors: Wang Haokun , Huang Sijie , Tsang Shik Chi Edman
Published: December 2024

Overview of polyolefin (PO) plastic upcycling under mild conditions, utilizing diverse co-reactants to produce distinct product distributions.
Reduction of iron porphyrin nitrate to the iron nitrosyl by H2S/thiol. studies in sublimed layers
Authors: Martirosyan Garik G. , Hovhannisyan Astghik A. , Iretskii Alexei V. , Ford Peter C.
Published: December 2024

Hemes play key roles in enzymatic production of the nitric oxide by NO synthase and in conversion from inorganic nitrite. Here we report a hitherto unknown pathway of NO formation via thiol reduction of an iron porphyrin nitrate in the solid state.
Single-atom transition metals supported on B-doped g-C3N4 monolayers for electrochemical nitrogen reduction
Authors: Chai Huadou , Chen Weiguang , Li Yi , Zhao Mingyu , Shi Jinlei , Tang Yanan , Dai Xianqi
Published: December 2024

The limiting potential of Fe@g-BC3N4 (−0.57 V) in the NRR reaction is reduced by 0.06 V compared with Fe@g-C3N4 (−0.63 V) by substitution doping of B atom. The desorption free energy of the second NH3 molecule is reduced from 1.72 eV to 0.46 eV.
Multi-functional polyelectrolyte materials in photothermal interfacial evaporation for clean water production
Authors: Zhang Jinliang , Wang Yanlei , Guo Wenjia , Wang Rongrong , Li Hao , He Hongyan
Published: December 2024

This review summarizes the applications and distinctive functions of polyelectrolyte materials (PEMs) in photothermal interfacial evaporation for clean water production.
Asymmetric electrosynthesis: emerging catalytic strategies and mechanistic insights
Authors: Jiang Xin , Zou Chang , Zhuang Weihua , Li Ran , Yang Yufan , Yang Chengli , Xu Xuemei , Zhang Limei , He Xun , Yao Yongchao , Sun Xuping , Hu Wenchuang (Walter)
Published: December 2024

This review provides an overview of catalytic approaches in asymmetric electrosynthesis, including transition metal, organic small molecule, and chiral electrode catalysis, highlighting their advantages and future development prospects.
Prospects of measuring quantum entanglement in ττ final states at a future e+e− Higgs factory
Authors: Breuning Cedric , Bechtle Philip , Desch Klaus , Grefe Christian
Published: December 2024

We introduce a method to study quantum entanglement at a future e+e− Higgs factory (here the Future Circular Collider colliding e+ and e− (FCC- ee) operating at √s = 240 GeV) in the ττ final state. This method is focused on the τ → πντ decay. We show how the introduced method works on simulated events without detector effects. When detector effects are applied, the necessary τ four-momenta can be reconstructed from kinematic constraints. We will discuss the advantages of e+e− collisions over pp collisions where the reconstruction of the ττ rest frame is more difficult. This discussion will focus on the influence of pT trigger cuts on the visible π± in the τ lepton decay.
Testing the gauged U(1)B–L model for loop induced neutrino mass with dark matter*
Authors: Ying Guohao , Kanemura Shinya , Mura Yushi
Published: December 2024

We present a new viable benchmark scenario under the current experimental data for the model which can explain tiny mass of active neutrinos and dark matter, as a summary of Ref. [1]. Majorana masses of right-handed neutrinos are given by the spontaneous breaking of the U(1)B−L gauge symmetry above the electroweak scale, and tiny neutrino masses are radiatively induced by quantum effects of particles of the dark sector including dark matter candidates. We first show benchmark points which satisfy current experimental data, and then give comments on how this model can be tested at collider experiments.
Prospects for constraining light-quark electroweak couplings at Higgs factories
Authors: Mękała Krzysztof , Jeans Daniel , Reuter Jürgen , Tian Junping , Żarnecki Aleksander Filip
Published: December 2024

Electroweak Precision Measurements are stringent tests of the Standard Model and sensitive probes to New Physics. Accurate studies of the Z-boson couplings to the first-generation quarks could reveal potential discrepancies between the fundamental theory and experimental data. Future e+e− colliders running at the Z-pole and around the ZH threshold would be an excellent tool to perform such a measurement, unlike the LHC where hadronic Z decays are only available in boosted topologies. The measurement is based on comparison of radiative and non-radiative hadronic decays. Due to the difference in quark charge, the relative contribution of the events with final-state radiation (FSR) directly reflects the ratio of decays involving up-and down-type quarks. Such an analysis requires proper modeling and statistical discrimination between photons coming from different sources, including initial-state radiation (ISR), FSR, parton showers and hadronisation. In our contribution, we show how to extract the values of the Z couplings to light quarks and present the estimated uncertainties of the measurement.
Next Generation LLRF Control Platform for Compact C-band Linear Accelerator
Authors: Liu Chao , Herbst Ryan , Ruckman Larry , Nanni Emilio
Published: December 2024

The Low-Level RF (LLRF) control circuits of linear accelerators (LINACs) are conventionally realized with heterodyne based architectures, which have analog RF mixers for up and down conversion with discrete data converters. We have developed a new LLRF platform for C-band linear accelerator based on the Frequency System-on-Chip (RFSoC) device from AMD Xilinx. The integrated data converters in the RFSoC can directly sample the RF signals in C-band and perform the up and down mixing digitally. The programmable logic and processors required for signal processing for the LLRF control system are also included in a single RFSoC chip. With all the essential components integrated in a device, the RFSoC-based LLRF control platform can be implemented more cost-effectively and compactly, which can be applied to a broad range of accelerator applications. In this paper, the structure and configuration of the newly developed LLRF platform will be described. The LLRF prototype has been tested with high power test setup with a Cool Cooper Collider (C3) accelerating structure. The LLRF and the solid state amplifier (SSA) loopback setup demonstrated phase jitter in 1 s as low as 115 fs, which is lower than the requirement of C3. The rf signals from the klystron forward and accelerating structure captured with peak power up to 16.45 MW will be presented and discussed.
ILC Upgrade with Energy Recovery
Authors: Yokoya Kaoru
Published: December 2024

Several proposals of e+e- colliders with energy recovery concept have been proposed in the last few years. I shall discuss about possible upgrade of ILC in the far future using energy recovery linacs.
Status of the CEPC Project
Authors: Gao Jie
Published: December 2024

In this article we give a brief historical review of particle physics achievement through e+e- colliders and proton accelerators in the last half century and perspective for the next half century with worldwide consensus. The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is a Higgs factory proposed by Chinese scientists in 2012, and its Technical Design Report (TDR) has been completed in Dec. 2023. Since 2024 CEPC has entered into Engineering Design Report (EDR) phase and been planned to be put into construction during China’s 15th five-year plan (2026-2030) and completed around 2035. The TDR results and EDR status and plan will be presented.
The Quest of Building a Precision TPC Field Cage
Authors: Behnke Ties , Diener Ralf , Schäfer Oliver
Published: December 2024

For ILD, one of the detector concepts for the proposed International Linear Collider, a time projection chamber (TPC) is foreseen as the central tracking detector. The R&D effort within the LCTPC collaboration has been centred around a common infrastructure setup operated at the DESY II Test Beam Facility. This setup includes a large field cage as test bed for the different readout technologies to be studied under comparable conditions. A second iteration of this field cage has recently been constructed to improve on the shortcomings noticed with its predecessor. The construction was repeatedly delayed and interrupted due to the COVID-19 pandemic but these delays yielded insights that may not otherwise have been observed during an ordinary course of operations. Methods and findings from the build process are reported.
Test-beam measurements of instrumented sensor planes for a highly compact and granular electromagnetic calorimeter
Authors: Benhammou Yan
Published: December 2024

The LUXE experiment is designed to explore the strong-field QED regime in interactions of high-energy electrons from the European XFEL in a powerful laser field. One of the crucial aims of this experiment is to measure the production of electron-positron pairs as a function of the laser field strength where non-perturbative effects are expected to kick in above the Schwinger limit. For the positron energy measurements and multiplicity spectra, a tracker and an electromagnetic calorimeter are foreseen. Since the expected number of positrons varies over five orders of magnitude, and has to be measured over a widely spread low energy background, the calorimeter must be compact and finely segmented. The concept of a sandwich calorimeter made of tungsten absorber plates interspersed with thin sensor planes is developed. The sensor planes comprise a silicon pad sensor, flexible kapton printed circuit planes for bias voltage supply and signal transport to the sensor edge, all embedded in a carbon fibre support. The thickness of a sensor plane is less than 1 mm. As an alternative, gallium arsenide sensors are considered with integrated readout strips. Prototypes of both sensor planes were studied in an electron beam of 5 GeV at DESY. Results from this test beam are presented on the sensor response homogeneity, edge effects, signal sharing and embedded trace effect.
The SiD Digital ECal Based on Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors
Authors: Brau James E. , Breidenbach Martin , Dragone Angelo , Habib Alexandre , Rota Lorenzo , Vassilev Mirella , Vernieri Caterina
Published: December 2024

Higgs physics goals with detectors at future colliders demand unprecedented precision. Linear colliders, with energy reach to the TeV scale and low duty cycles and backgrounds, enable this high precision performance. The SiD Collaboration is developing Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS) technology for tracking and electromagnetic calorimetry (ECal). This technology offers high granularity, thin sensors, good time resolution (<nsec), and small dead areas, enabled by gaseous cooling for tracking and passive thermal conduction for calorimetry. The first MAPS prototype (NAPA-p1), designed by SLAC in CMOS imaging 65 nm technology, is under test. The long-term objective is a wafer-scale sensor of area 5 × 20 cm2. Detailed simulation of ECal performance confirms previous results, indicating electromagnetic energy resolution based on digital hit cluster counting provides better performance than the 13 mm2 pixels SiD TDR analog design, and two particle separation in the ECal is excellent down to the millimeter scale. Recent heat management analysis indicates passive cooling for the low duty cycle linear colliders should work.
Developing the KinkFinder for ILD*
Authors: Nakajima Jurina , Jeans Daniel
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a study on kink reconstruction for long-lived particle (LLP) searches in the Time Projection Chamber (TPC) of the International Large Detector (ILD) at a future Higgs factory. We develop improved methods to reconstruct kinks’ position and associated track momenta, resulting in improved kink mass resolution. We study the perfomance for kinks from long-lived hadron decays inside the TPC.
Development of particle flow algorithm with GNN for Higgs factories
Authors: Murata Tatsuki , Suehara Taikan
Published: December 2024

Particle flow plays an important role in precise measurement of Higgs bosons at future lepton colliders such as ILC and FCCee. Various detector concepts are designed to maximize the effect of particle flow to be able to separate each particles inside jets and improve the resolutions. For the standard particle flow algorithm, PandoraPFA is used for long in ILC studies. It is a multi-step reconstruction algorithm consisting of clustering, track-cluster association, and various refinement processes. We have studied machine learned particle flow model using Graph Neural Network based algorithm developed in the context of CMS HGCAL clustering. This model utilizes GravNet as GNN architecture and Object Condensation loss function for training. Since the HG-CAL algorithm only performs clustering at the calorimeter, we have extended the model with track-cluster matching to achieve full PFA. Details of initial implementation of the track-cluster matching algorithm as well as performance evaluation with multiple tau events and jet events will be shown. The results are also compared to the Pandora PFA.
R&D of the EM Calorimeter Energy Calibration with Machine Learning based on the low-level features of the Cluster
Authors: Morimasa Suzuna , Iwasaki Masako , Suehara Taikan , Tanaka Junichi , Saito Masahiko , Nagahara Hajime , Nakashima Yuta , Takemura Noriko , Nakano Takashi
Published: December 2024

We have developed an energy calibration method using machine learning for the ILC electromagnetic (EM) calorimeter (ECAL), a sampling calorimeter consisting of Silicon-Tungsten layers. In this method, we use a deep neural network (DNN) for a regression to determine the energy of incident EM particles, improving the energy calibration resolution of the ECAL. The DNN architecture takes cluster hit data as low-level features of the cluster. In this paper, we report the status of our R&D and present results on energy calibration accuracy.
Exposure to Psychotropic Drugs and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Patients
with Affective Disorder: A Nested Case-Control Study
Authors: Hsu Tien-Wei , Tsai Shih-Jen , Chen Tzeng-Ji , Chen Mu-Hong , Liang Chih-Sung
Published: December 2024

Background This study aimed to assess the association between the risk of
colorectal cancer (CRC) and exposure to mood stabilizers, antidepressants, and
antipsychotics in patients with affective disorders.

Methods This nested case-control study used data from the National Health
Insurance Database of Taiwan collected between 2001 and 2011. All participants
in this study had affective disorders. Then, 1209 patients with CRC and 1:10
matched controls were identified based on their demographic and clinical
characteristics. A logistic regression model adjusted for demographic and
clinical characteristics was used to determine the risk of developing CRC after
exposure to psychotropic drugs.

Results Among patients with affective disorders, exposure to mood
stabilizers (reported as odds ratio; 95% confidence interval; 0.75; 0.57–0.98),
antidepressants (0.83; 0.70–0.97), second-generation antipsychotics (0.67;
0.52–0.86), and first-generation antipsychotics (0.65; 0.52–0.81) were
associated with a reduced risk of CRC compared to patients who were not exposed.
When considering specific drugs, carbamazepine (0.34; 0.12–0.95), valproic acid
(0.66; 0.46–0.95), gabapentin (0.44; 0.20–0.99), fluoxetine (0.82; 0.68–0.99),
paroxetine (0.63; 0.45–0.87), and venlafaxine (0.72; 0.55–0.95) were associated
with a lower risk of CRC.

Conclusion Exposure to psychotropic drugs in patients with affective
disorders is associated with a lower risk of CRC compared to those who were not
exposed. Although the causal relationship between psychotropic drug exposure and
reduced risk of CRC could not be inferred directly, these findings may help
clinicians and patients in clinical decision-making.
Cu-Nanoclusters as Emerging Catalyst in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Sahoo Basudev , Negishi Yuichi , Pal Amit , Biswas Sourav
Published: December 2024

In recent decades, nanocluster research has rapidly advanced. Though Cu nanoclusters are relatively new to the field, their use in chemical catalysis has expanded the potential applications of these materials. The reactivity of Cu nanoclusters is primarily determined by their precisely controlled structural architecture and surface-to-volume ratio. However, these factors are prone to change, significantly impacting their catalytic properties. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of these parameters is crucial to guide future research efforts and develop new Cu nanoclusters with broader applications.

1 Introduction

2 Click Reaction

3 Carbamate Synthesis

4 Ullmann (C–N) Coupling

5 Indolizine Synthesis

6 Hydrogenation Reaction

7 Sonogashira Reaction

8 Hydroboration Reaction

9 Decarboxylative Oxidation of Carboxylic Acids

10 Conclusion
Electroporation mechanism decreases life-threatening side effects of cancer treatment
Authors: Daniel Hannah
Published: December 2024

The AESOP microfluidic platform allows a safe, dosage-controlled CAR T-cell immunotherapy
Phase tailoring of silver oxide thin films for improved antimicrobial activity
Authors: Irimiciuc Stefan Andrei , Grumezescu Valentina , Holban Alina Maria , Gherasim Oana , Chertopalov Sergii , Vasile Bogdan Stefan , Prepelita Petronela , Craciun Valentin , Lancok Jan
Published: December 2024

This paper reports on routes to control the silver oxide phase and morphology in thin films to enhance their antimicrobial efficacy. The Ag:O atomic ratio was tailored during the pulsed laser deposition process by adjusting the O2 environment, and thus, a wide range of silver oxide phases ranging from Ag to AgxO was achieved. Simultaneously, the morphology was controlled from island-like (Volmer–Weber) formations to nanoparticle arrays, ultimately culminating in cauliflower-like dendrite structures. Through this synergistic approach, enhancing the oxygen content while expanding the active surface area yielded optimal enhancement of the antimicrobial properties. Remarkably, films deposited at elevated O2 pressures exhibited heightened inhibitory effects against bacterial biofilms, with films featuring nanoparticle morphology demonstrating notable antistaphylococcal efficacy.
A digital servo for ultra-stable laser frequency stabilization
Authors: Liu Zhengtao , Wang Yu , Ji Wenchao , Hu Yi , Cui Xingyang , Jiang Xiao , Feng Changqing , Liu Shubin
Published: December 2024

We present a fully digital servo optimized for ultra-stable laser frequency stabilization. Experiments such as optical clock experiments can achieve high laser frequency stability, imposing high bandwidth, high precision, and low noise requirements on servo systems. The laser system utilizes the Pound–Drever–Hall method, employing an ultra-stable cavity to generate an error signal for servo input. The input is separated into two independent channels, with one channel featuring high feedback bandwidth and the other channel featuring high gain in the low-frequency domain. The process is fully digitized using field-programmable gate arrays with custom-made infinite impulse response filters and proportional-integral-derivative algorithms. Thanks to the low latency of 120.5 ns and low input noise of 3.22 × 10−12 V2/Hz@1 Hz, our digital servo can easily lock an external-cavity diode laser to a typical ultra-low expansion ultra-stable cavity. The laser system has a fractional frequency stability of 10−16@1s, with the servo electrical noise contributing only 5.54 × 10−18@1s.
Nonlinear piezoelectric quartz MEMS resonator with electrically tunable stability for enhanced performance of resonant accelerometer
Authors: Bu Kai , Li Cun , Zhao Yulong , Li Bo , Xue Hong , Ai Jiabin , Zhou Shengxiang
Published: December 2024

Piezoelectric quartz resonators are attracting increasing attention in resonant accelerometers due to their excellent quality factor and stable crystal structure, which helps to achieve more robust mechanical sensing. Previously quartz resonators operated in the linear region of an atmospheric pressure environment. To achieve a better signal-to-noise ratio, it is imperative to investigate the effect of nonlinear effects on the performance of quartz resonators. In this work, piezoelectric quartz resonators' nonlinear dynamics are researched, and frequency bifurcation and phase stretching phenomena are systematically characterized. We show the effect of the quality factor and temperature on the bifurcation point and reveal the modulation mechanism of the resonator operating point on stability. We find a method to rapidly change the stability and bandwidth of the resonator by conveniently tuning the electrical parameters and validate it in static and dynamic experiments on a quartz resonant accelerometer, which can be used in resonant sensors and actuators.
Larmor radius effect on the control of chaotic transport in tokamaks
Authors: Osorio-Quiroga L. A. , Roberto M. , Viana R. L. , Elskens Y. , Caldas I. L.
Published: December 2024

We investigate the influence of the finite Larmor radius on the dynamics of guiding-center test particles subjected to an E×B drift in a large aspect-ratio tokamak. For that, we adopt the drift-wave test particle transport model presented by Horton et al. [Phys. Plasmas 5, 3910 (1998)] and introduce a second-order gyro-averaged extension, which accounts for the finite Larmor radius effect that arises from a spatially varying electric field. Using this extended model, we numerically examine the influence of the finite Larmor radius on chaotic transport and the formation of transport barriers. For non-monotonic plasma profiles, we show that the twist condition of the dynamical system, i.e., KAM theorem's non-degeneracy condition for the Hamiltonian, is violated along a special curve, which, under non-equilibrium conditions, exhibits significant resilience to destruction, thereby inhibiting chaotic transport. This curve acts as a robust barrier to transport and is usually called shearless transport barrier. While varying the amplitude of the electrostatic perturbations, we analyze bifurcation diagrams of the shearless barriers and escape rates of orbits to explore the impact of the finite Larmor radius on controlling chaotic transport. Our findings show that increasing the Larmor radius enhances the robustness of transport barriers, as larger electrostatic perturbation amplitudes are required to disrupt them. Additionally, as the Larmor radius increases, even in the absence of transport barriers, we observe a reduction in the escape rates, indicating a decrease in chaotic transport.
Single-mode wave decay
Authors: Irumé Guilherme T. , Pavan Joel , Gaelzer Rudi
Published: December 2024

The usual approach on electrostatic wave decay process for a weak beam-plasma system considers two different wave modes interplaying, the Langmuir and ion-sound mode. In the present paper, a single-mode approach is shown to be feasible for conditions where the respective dispersion relations undergo topological changes. Numerical solutions for the dispersion relation of a beam-plasma system are presented, supporting the modeling of an analytic dispersion relation of a single wave mode. This wave mode is accounted for in the kinetic equations for particles and waves, which rule the evolution of the system. The results are compared against the two-wave mode approach using Langmuir and ion-sound waves, within the context of weak turbulence theory. It is found that the single-mode approach can account for the basic features of particles and waves, since the single mode exhibits both low and high frequency regions, which ultimately play the roles of ion-sound and Langmuir modes, respectively.