bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probucol alleviates atherosclerosis and improves high density lipoprotein function
Authors: Zhong Jian-Kai , Guo Zhi-Gang , Li Chen , Wang Zhen-Kun , Lai Wen-Yan , Tu Yan
Published: November 2011

Background

Probucol is a unique hypolipidemic agent that decreases high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). However, it is not definite that whether probucol hinders the progression of atherosclerosis by improving HDL function.

Methods

Eighteen New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided into the control, atherosclerosis and probucol groups. Control group were fed a regular diet; the atherosclerosis group received a high fat diet, and the probucol group received the high fat diet plus probucol. Hepatocytes and peritoneal macrophages were isolated for [3H] labeled cholesterol efflux rates and expression of ABCA1 and SR-B1 at gene and protein levels; venous blood was collected for serum paraoxonase 1, myeloperoxidase activity and lipid analysis. Aorta were prepared for morphologic and immunohistochemical analysis after 12 weeks.

Results

Compared to the atherosclerosis group, the paraoxonase 1 activity, cholesterol efflux rates, expression of ABCA1 and SR-BI in hepatocytes and peritoneal macrophages, and the level of ABCA1 and SR-BI in aortic lesions were remarkably improved in the probucol group, But the serum HDL cholesterol concentration, myeloperoxidase activity, the IMT and the percentage plaque area of aorta were significantly decreased.

Conclusion

Probucol alleviated atherosclerosis by improving HDL function. The mechanisms include accelerating the process of reverse cholesterol transport, improving the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant functions.
Possibilidades e limites da cura nos textos protoarqueológicos de Michel Foucault
Authors: Nalli Marcos
Published: November 2011

O artigo tem por objetivo interpretar como Foucault concebe a possibilidade da cura nos discursos e práticas psicológicas, durante sua fase protoarqueológica. Para atingir tal fim, discorre sobre os dois textos mais importantes dessa fase - Maladie Mentale et Personnalité e a introdução à Le Rêve et l'Existence - evidenciando como nesses textos se desenha uma concepção psicopatológica que deve subsidiar uma prática psicoterápica. Constata-se, no entanto, que reina uma contradição inerente aos dois textos, em que ora se completam, ora conflitam no modo de conceber a doença mental. Terminamos assim por demarcar toda a intensidade dessa contradição, sublinhando a indecisão teórica de Foucault sobre o estatuto da psicologia.
O financiamento do Ensino Médio no Brasil: de uma escola boa para poucos à massificação barata da rede pública
Authors: Rezende Pinto Jose Marcelino de , Amaral Nelson Cardoso , Castro Jorge Abrahão de
Published: November 2011

Este artigo procura fazer um levantamento dos recursos públicos que são destinados ao ensino médio no Brasil. Em particular, são analisados os gastos estaduais que respondem por 82% das matrículas (95% da rede pública). Além disso, são analisados os gastos federais para o setor, em especial, da rede federal de educação profissional técnica, que, embora pequena, oferece um ensino claramente de qualidade. É feita também uma estimativa dos recursos públicos que são destinados à formação profissional pela via do Sistema S. Finalmente, no contexto das discussões do Plano Nacional de Educação 2011-2020, busca-se aquilatar os recursos necessários para o financiamento de um ensino médio integrado e de qualidade.
Dinâmica da celularidade do colostro de vacas da raça Holandesa no pós-parto imediato
Authors: Gomes V , Madureira K.M , Della Libera A.M.M.P , Blagitz M.G , Alves M , Baptistella F , Benesi F.J
Published: November 2011

Avaliou-se a celularidade do colostro de 53 vacas da raça Holandesa, utilizando-se 171 amostras, colhidas após a primeira e a segunda ordenha pós-parto. Para a análise citológica quantitativa e qualitativa, foram utilizadas as técnicas de microscopia direta e citocentrifugação. O total de leucócitos obtido por contagem microscópica direta foi de 0,878x10(6) e 1,260x10(6), antes da primeira e da segunda ordenha, respectivamente, e os valores da mediana dos fagócitos obtidos antes da primeira e da segunda ordenha foram de 0,657 e 0,828x10(6) leucócitos mononucleares, e 0,178 e 0,392x10(6) leucócitos polimorfonucleares (P<0,0001). Os valores da mediana dos tipos leucocitários, antes da primeira e da segunda ordenha, foram: 0,640x10(6) e 0,772 monócitos/células epiteliais; 0,136x10(6) e 0,098 linfócitos; 0,045x10(6) e 0,203x10(6) neutrófilos, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que o colostro bovino da segunda ordenha apresentou aumento da quantidade de células somáticas e leucócitos polimorfonucleares/mL de colostro. Essas variações podem estar relacionadas à importância do colostro aos neonatos, ou a modificações fisiológicas e de defesa da glândula mamária, durante o período de adaptação dela.
Avaliação econômica da utilização de diferentes níveis de polpa cítrica com ou sem adição de complexo enzimático nas dietas de suínos
Authors: Amorim A.B , Thomaz M.C , Ruiz U.S , Pascoal L.A.F , Watanabe P.H , Martinez J.F , Daniel E , Martins M.I.E.G , Masson G.C.I.H
Published: November 2011

Avaliou-se economicamente o efeito da inclusãode 0, 5, 10 e 15% de polpa cítrica (PC), com ou sem adição do complexo enzimático, sobre o desempenho de 72 suínos, dos 25,71±7,51 aos 98,81±10,64kg de peso. Com este peso final, os animais foram abatidos, e dos valores (R$) da carcaça, incluindo os índices de bonificação, foram descontados o valor de compra dos animais e os custos com alimentação, de acordo com cada tratamento. Para os custos com alimentação, foi observado aumento linear (P=0,0190), enquanto para as receitas bruta (P=0,0328) e líquida (P=0,0013) parciais foram encontradas reduções lineares em função das porcentagens de PC com ou sem a adição do complexo enzimático. Considerando-se a evolução dos preços do milho, farelo de soja e do suíno durante o ano de 2008, foram determinados 12 cenários diferentes para a receita líquida parcial e, em todos eles, foi observada redução linear em função da inclusão da PC, com ou sem adição do complexo enzimático. Conclui-se que a utilização de PC, com ou sem adição do complexo enzimático, não reduziu os custos com alimentação, não sendo economicamente viável sua inclusão nas rações de suínos em crescimento e terminação.
Effect of grain maturity stage on the quality of sorghum BRS-610 silages
Authors: Faria Júnior W.G , Gonçalves L.C , Ribeiro Júnior G.O , Carvalho W.T.V , Maurício R.M , Rodrigues J.A.S , Faria W.G , Saliba E.O.S , Rodriguez N.M , Borges A.L.C.C
Published: November 2011

The quality of sorghum BRS-610 silages in seven stages of grain maturity, between the milky and dry stage, for determination of the ideal moment of ensilage was evaluated. The silos were open after 56 days of fermentation. The values for dry matter of silages increased from 199 to 473g/kg or from 19.9 to 47.3%, with the advance of stage maturity of grains. As for the quality of fermentation, the silages may be classified as excellent quality in every stage of maturity. The lower values of neutral detergent fiber, 539g/kg or 53.9%, and acid detergent fiber, 307g/kg or 30.7%, were observed between the milky/dough to dough/dent stages. Regression analysis indicated an increase in values of lignin - 0.3 unit por stage - and reduction in values of in vitro dry matter digestibility - -2.5 units por stage - with the advance of the grain's stage maturity. The ensilage of sorghum BRS-610 between the milky/dough and dough stage ensure very good fermentation and nutritive value of silage.
Modelos lineares aplicados à estimativa da concentração do material particulado (PM10) na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, RJ
Authors: Lyra Gustavo Bastos , Oda-Souza Melissa , Viola Denise Nunes
Published: November 2011

Regressão linear múltipla foi aplicada para ajustar dois modelos à concentração média de 24 h do material particulado com diâmetro inferior a 10 µm (PM10). As variáveis explanatórias no primeiro modelo (M1) foram os elementos meteorológicos (temperatura e umidade do ar, precipitação pluvial, velocidade do vento e pressão atmosférica) e o índice de direção do vento (IDV). No segundo (M2), além dos elementos meteorológicos e do IDV, foi incluído como variável explanatória, a concentração de PM10 do dia anterior (PM10,i-1). Para a seleção das variáveis explanatórias a serem incluídas no modelo, utilizou-se a técnica stepwise. Medidas da concentração de PM10 e dos elementos meteorológicos foram realizadas entre 01/05/02 e 31/08/03 em São Cristóvão (22º 53´ S; 43º 13´ W e 24 m) na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O coeficiente de determinação (r²) para o ajuste dos modelos foi razoável, sendo que o modelo M2 (r² = 0,557) mostrou ajuste superior ao modelo M1 (r² = 0,334). Os elementos meteorológicos tiveram correlação negativa com PM10, com exceção do índice de direção do vento, que da mesma forma de PM10,i-1, apresentou correlação positiva. A umidade relativa do ar e a precipitação pluvial mostraram-se os elementos meteorológicos mais significativos nos modelos. Contudo, quando PM10,i-1 é considerada, esta variável se mostrou a mais significativa no modelo. Independente do modelo, a inclusão da temperatura do ar não foi significativa (p > 0,05). O modelo M2 teve concordância entre os valores estimados e observados e precisão superior ao modelo M1. Em termos de previsão da qualidade do ar, os modelos mostraram resultados satisfatórios, sobressaindo-se o modelo M2.
Modeling precipitation of short duration by means of the modified Bartlett-Lewis rectangular pulse model
Authors: Back Álvaro José , Uggioni Edison , Vieira Hamilton Justino
Published: November 2011

The objective of this work was to evaluate the mathematical modeling of rainfall of duration less than one hour using the modified Bartlett-Lewis model with six parameters. The data used were for the period October 1980 to December 2007, from recording rain gauges (pluviographs) at the meteorological station of Epagri, Urussanga, south of Santa Catarina (latitude 28.31° S, longitude 48.19 ° W). Based on simulations of series with 100 years of data it can be concluded that: the adjustment of the parameters of the modified Bartlett-Lewis model enables the simulation of rain at intervals as small as 5 minutes of duration, preserving the statistical properties of precipitation over various intervals of aggregation in time. In general there was a tendency toward overestimation of the probability of dry periods and underestimation of the covariance for intervals of 24 hours, especially in summer. The total annual rainfall simulated for all time intervals examined remains within the confidence interval of 95%.
Efectos acústicos inmediatos de una secuencia de ejercicios vocales con tubos de resonancia
Authors: Guzmán Marco , Higueras Diego , Fincheira Catherine , Muñoz Daniel , Guajardo Carlos
Published: November 2011

OBJETIVO: el propósito de este estudio es conocer el efecto acústico inmediato de una secuencia de ejercicios fonatorios utilizando tubos de resonancia en un grupo de sujetos disfónicos. MÉTODO: se aplicó una secuencia única de cuatro tareas fonatorias dentro de tubos de resonancia a veinticuatro profesores con voces disfónicas, evaluadas perceptualmente con la escala GRBAS. Las muestras de voz fueron grabadas antes y después de la secuencia de ejercicios. El análisis acústico incluyó Cepstrum, Jitter, Shimmer y relación armónico-ruido (NHR). Se solitó completar un protocolo de autovaloración vocal posterior a la secuencia de ejercicios para evaluar los efectos subjetivos. Se compararon los valores de los parámetros acústicos en las muestras pre y post entrenamiento. RESULTADOS: cambios significativos fueron obtenidos en el análisis Cepstral, Jitter y relación armónico-ruido. En la autovaloración, los efectos positivos predominaron sobre los negativos, siendo los principales: voz más estable, voz más clara y garganta más abierta. CONCLUSIÓN: el uso de tareas fonatorias dentro de tubos de resonancia puede tener un efecto fisiológico terapéutico inmediato en sujetos con voces disfónicas y una percepción subjetiva de mejoría en la producción de la voz posterior a la terapia.
Seasonal changes in the gonadossomatic index, allometric condition factor and sex ratio of an auchenipterid catfish from eastern Amazonia
Authors: Freitas Tiago Magalhães da Silva , Almeida Vitor Hudson da Consolação , Montag Luciano Fogaça de Assis , Rocha Rossineide Martins da , Fontoura Nelson Ferreira
Published: November 2011

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the seasonal pattern of the gonadosomatic index (GSI), condition factor (K), and sex ratio in the catfish Auchenipterichthys longimanus (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) as an approach to identify its reproductive period. A total of 589 A. longimanus specimens (251 males and 338 females) were captured in the rivers of the Caxiuanã National Forest, in the Brazilian state of Pará, between July, 2008 and July, 2009. Among the male specimens, 171 were classified as adults and 80 as juveniles, while there were 249 adults and 89 juvenile females. Using a sinusoidal equation, analysis of the GSI revealed a reproductive asynchrony between the genders, with males attaining their highest GSI values in January, while females peaked in March. For males, the sinusoidal regression for GSI values was significant only when used the complete data set (P=0.001), wears no trend was identified for bimonthly means (P=0.136). For females, by contrast, significant values were obtained for both the complete data set (P=0.012) and bimonthly GSI means (P=0.026). For the condition factor, the sinusoidal equation returned significant seasonal variation in both raw data (P=0.02) and with mean values (P=0.00) for males, but only with raw data for females (P=0.04), which appears to reflect variation in the energy budget between genders. With regard to the sex ratio, more reproductive females were captured than males in January and March, 2009, which suggests a pattern of segregation related to the reproductive process. These parameters are fundamental to the assessment, protection, and management of natural fish stocks, as well as providing guidelines for the development of conservation strategies.
Feeding and social behavior of the piabanha, Brycon devillei (Castelnau, 1855) (Characidae: Bryconinae) in the wild, with a note on following behavior
Authors: Azevedo Pedro G , Melo Rafael M. C , Young Robert J.
Published: November 2011

Knowledge concerning the behavior of wild freshwater fishes in Brazil is restricted to a few studies, despite such studies being able to answer fundamental questions about conservation. Species of Brycon are amongst the most threatened in the Neotropics, particularly in southeast Brazil, due to anthropogenic activities in this region. This study investigated the feeding and social behaviors of the endangered fish, Brycon devillei in the Preto River, Jequitinhonha basin, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Behavioral data were collected by snorkeling with four spatially separated groups (habituated), and direct observations of shoals were made using an underwater video camera (a total of 448 hours of observations). This species showed diverse tactics to obtain food. However, the species proved to be predominately a specialist surface-picker, which adopted alternative tactics to find food at certain times of the year, most notably when food items on the water surface became low. Feeding frequency was shown to be negatively correlated to agonistic behavior between conspecifics. Feeding associations were also recorded between the anostomid Leporinus garmani, acting as a nuclear species, and B. devillei, as follower species. The data presented here showed the importance of conserving the riparian environment to protect B. devillei populations. Furthermore, the present study included rare observations of nuclear-follower feeding association among freshwater fishes, especially between medium-sized characiforms, being the first observations of such kind in a Cerrado stream.
Implicações do conhecimento corporal no comportamento sexual
Authors: Cardoso Fernando Luiz , Savall Ana Carolina , Sabbag Samantha , Mendes Aline Knepper , Beltrame Thais Silva
Published: November 2011

A pesquisa almejou identificar e comparar aspectos da corporeidade e sexualidade de homens (n=54) e mulheres (n = 54) com distintas orientações sexuais e de gênero, participantes do "I Jogos da Diversidade" realizado em Florianópolis, em julho de 2006, mediante aplicação anônima do Questionário de Identidade Corporal - QIC. Os principais objetivos deste estudo foram identificar as diferenças em termos de corporeidade e sexualidade entre homens e mulheres, o perfil sexual de homens e mulheres, bem como o perfil da satisfação corporal e sexual para cada sexo. Os participantes que afirmam gostar do corpo tendem a considerá-lo fisicamente bonito e proporcional, como também causar boa impressão. Participantes que relatam sentir satisfação corporal tendem a encontrar-se sexualmente satisfeitos, porém ao se controlar o sexo biológico, a correlação é verificada apenas entre os homens, os quais também demonstram tendência a ter maior intimidade corporal enquanto as mulheres valorizam carícias íntimas preliminares. Participantes com parceiro fixo chegam mais rápido ao orgasmo, embora reações corporais sejam percebidas mais comumente entre as mulheres.
Voleibol escolar: uma proposta de ensino nas dimensões conceitual, procedimental e atitudinal do conteúdo
Authors: Barroso André Luís Rugiero , Darido Suraya Cristina
Published: November 2011

O objetivo deste estudo foi construir, implementar e avaliar uma proposta de ensino do voleibol nas três dimensões do conteúdo: conceitual, procedimental e atitudinal. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi utilizado o método da pesquisa-ação, sendo realizados oito encontros, havendo a participação de quatro professores. Os resultados obtidos foram discutidos na perspectiva das condições de trabalho, em por que e para que ensinar esporte (voleibol), na técnica esportiva e rendimento, nas dimensões do conteúdo e nas características, expectativas e na participação dos alunos. Verificou-se que em determinadas escolas as condições de trabalho, seja em relação ao espaço físico, ao material disponível, à desvalorização da Educação Física ou mesmo à desconfiança por parte dos professores de outras áreas e da direção, apresentam-se como obstáculos para o desenvolvimento desse componente curricular. Entretanto, observou-se que os professores participantes conseguiram desenvolver um ensino de qualidade, contribuindo para o redimensionamento da importância da Educação Física no ambiente formal de ensino. Confirmou-se a possibilidade de desenvolvimento de aulas que possam ir além da dimensão procedimental, facilitando a abordagem das dimensões conceituais e atitudinais do voleibol. Além disso, constatou-se uma participação efetiva dos alunos, mas isso somente se deu devido à disposição dos professores em estruturarem de forma apropriada as suas aulas estudando, destinando tempo para elaboração das atividades e oferecendo estratégias diversificadas que estimulassem o envolvimento dos alunos
Adolescente em conflito com a lei e sua noção de regras no jogo de futsal
Authors: Kobayashi Maria do Carmo Monteiro , Zane Valéria Cristina
Published: November 2011

Adolescentes com trajetória de vida alicerçada na falta de valores éticos e morais estão mais vulneráveis à prática de atos infracionais. Caso isso ocorra, o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente prevê sua inserção em medidas socioeducativas. Nossa pesquisa tem por objetivo identificar a fase do desenvolvimento moral de adolescentes em conflito com a lei. Para tanto, estudamos 30 adolescentes, entre 15 a 18 anos, do gênero masculino, inseridos em Centro de atendimento socioeducativo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de observação do jogo de futsal, que não contou com a figura do juiz e entrevista estruturada, seguindo-se as linhas gerais do Método Clínico de Piaget (1994). A categorização dos dados coletados confirmou nossa hipótese - de que esses adolescentes, ainda, se encontram com características de uma moral heteronõmica, verificadas pelas diferenças entre a consciência e a prática de regras na situação de jogo. Apesar de conhecerem as regras, durante a partida, somente as respeitam para obterem benefícios, como: não cobrar a falta, enganar o adversário ou, simplesmente, ganhar a partida. Presumimos que somente as respeitariam, caso houvesse a figura de autoridade (juiz), porque esta iria lhes impor punições e privações. Acreditamos, portanto, que os resultados deste estudo possam tornar-se parâmetros para educadores criarem situações propícias, tanto preventivas como interventivas, para o desenvolvimento sociomoral, minimizando, assim, sofrimentos e oportunizando a formação de cidadãos com maior senso ético e moral, capazes de optarem pelo caminho da solidariedade, da cooperação e da justiça
Gestão do voleibol no Brasil: o caso das equipes participantes da Superliga 2007-2008
Authors: Maroni Fernando Castro , Mendes Dilson Ribau , Bastos Flávia da Cunha
Published: November 2011

A gestão profissional do Esporte tem sido tema recente de estudos no País, envolvendo pesquisas referentes ao gestor e sua atuação nos diferentes segmentos da Indústria do Esporte (Pitts & Stotlar, 2002). Poucos são os estudos desenvolvidos no sentido de caracterizar o administrador esportivo de clubes, federações e entidades de administração do Esporte (Bastos, 2003, 2004; Medalha,1982) e descrever as características organizacionais e de gestão de equipes brasileiras de Voleibol (Durieux, 2005; Pizzolato, 2004). A presente pesquisa, descritiva e exploratória, teve como objetivo descrever o perfil do gestor e as características organizacionais de equipes de Voleibol do Brasil participantes da Superliga de Voleibol 2007-2008, através de estudo de casos múltiplos. Para tanto, foi aplicado questionário junto aos gestores das equipes, composto de questões abertas e fechadas. Concluiu-se que as equipes possuem gestor profissional que exerce funções gerenciais estratégicas, e que a estrutura organizacional do Voleibol brasileiro de alto rendimento se caracteriza por ser fortemente calcada na instituição clubística, amparada prioritariamente pela iniciativa privada e com apoio do setor público municipal
Acesso a serviços de saúde: olhar de usuários de uma unidade de saúde da família
Authors: Corrêa Áurea Christina de Paula , Ferreira Flávia , Cruz Graziela Souza Pinto , Pedrosa Inês de Cássia Franco
Published: November 2011

O acesso aos serviços de saúde é um direito de todo brasileiro, e guarda relação com os princípios do acolhimento e vínculo. Neste estudo de abordagem qualitativa, que tomou por referência a Carta dos Direitos dos Usuários da Saúde, objetiva-se analisar a concepção de usuários de uma Unidade de Saúde da Família de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, sobre acesso, acolhimento e vínculo. Realizou-se um estudo de caso, sendo os dados coletados através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, analisados através da técnica de análise temática. Os resultados apresentam o acesso concebido de forma nem sempre positiva devido à demora no atendimento e baixa resolutividade, induzindo a busca por outros serviços. O desconhecimento de seus direitos como usuários e a incipiente organização da rede de serviços explicam, em alguma medida, a percepção do usuário, apontando para a necessidade de reorganização do serviço e da própria rede, como porta de entrada do sistema.
Autonomia e trabalho do enfermeiro
Authors: Kraemer Fernanda Zanoto , Duarte Maria de Lourdes Custódio , Kaiser Dagmar Elaine
Published: November 2011

Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, exploratório e descritivo que teve como objetivo descrever as percepções de enfermeiros sobre a autonomia que detém no exercício profissional onde trabalham. Participaram do estudo dez enfermeiros que atuam na área hospitalar ou de atenção primária à saúde. A estratégia adotada para a obtenção dos dados foi a entrevista semi-estruturada. Os dados da pesquisa foram analisados pela técnica de análise de conteúdo e levou a três áreas temáticas: formação do enfermeiro, processos de trabalho da enfermagem e relações interpessoais. Destaca-se a importância que assume o enfermeiro, a partir de sua própria trajetória, no planejamento, organização e direção dos processos de trabalho da enfermagem, especialmente quanto à tomada de decisão para uma atuação autônoma responsável.
Integralidade da assistência na compreensão dos profissionais da estratégia saúde da família
Authors: Linard Andrea Gomes , Castro Marina Martins de , Cruz Ana Kelly Lima da
Published: November 2011

O estudo teve como objetivo analisar o princípio do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) integralidade da assistência na perspectiva dos integrantes da equipe de Saúde da Família médicos, odontólogos e enfermeiros. Estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 47 profissionais lotados em nove Unidades de Saúde da Família em Fortaleza, Ceará. A coleta de dados aconteceu por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, no período de agosto a setembro de 2008. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo para organização e interpretação dos dados. Nos resultados os profissionais compreenderam a integralidade associada aos termos: holismo, atendimento nos três níveis de atenção, interdisciplinaridade e conceito ampliado de saúde. A característica polissêmica da integralidade e sua transversalidade enquanto princípio do SUS sinaliza a necessidade de repensar os diversos sentidos atribuídos a integralidade ampliando as possibilidades de discussão do tema nos cenários de prática de saúde.
Saberes relacionados ao autocuidado entre mulheres da área rural do Sul do Brasil
Authors: Thum Moara Ailane , Ceolin Teila , Borges Anelise Miritz , Heck Rita Maria
Published: November 2011

Este estudo teve por objetivo conhecer as ações de autocuidado de um grupo de mulheres rurais do município de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com 11 mulheres, residentes na área rural do município. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre maio e junho de 2010, através de entrevista semiestruturada. Foi realizada a análise de conteúdo por temas. As informantes mais antigas participam do grupo na comunidade há 12 anos, realizando trabalhos manuais e trocas de saberes sobre o uso das plantas medicinais. O autocuidado faz parte das ações dessas mulheres, o qual é executado das mais diversas formas, abrangendo o contexto familiar, a transmissão de crenças e dos hábitos através das gerações. Espera-se, contribuir para a valorização da mulher rural, conscientizando os profissionais de saúde, quanto à realização de práticas em saúde que atendam as reais necessidades da comunidade assistida, resgatando a cultura relacionada ao cuidar-se.
Analytical modelling of the steady flow of a submarine slide and consequent loading on a pipeline
Authors: BOUKPETI N. , WHITE D.J. , RANDOLPH M.F.
Published: November 2011

This paper considers a simple one-dimensional model of a submarine slide at a steady state. From equilibrium relations, the distributions of shear stress, velocity and strain rate across the slide thickness are determined analytically for two rate-dependent soil strength models. Previous work has demonstrated that the increase in shear strength with strain rate can be adequately described using a power law or a logarithmic law model. The analytical solutions obtained with these models are compared with the ones available for a viscoplastic fluid of the Bingham or Herschel–Bulkley types. The influence of the rheological parameters, the slope angle and the slide thickness on the flow and deformation characteristics is analysed for each model. The derived analytical solutions can be viewed as representing a particular position within a slide at a given instant in time. They can be used in conjunction with numerical modelling of the entire slide to provide some insights into the flow pattern, and into the parameter sensitivity. These solutions are also applicable to determination of the loading on a pipeline that is oriented across the path of the slide. They are used to illustrate the relative contributions of the soil strength and the inertial drag, as well as the influence of the vertical position of the pipeline within the slide.
Energy-loss function of TTF-TCNQ
Authors: Lošić Željana
Published: November 2011

We investigate the energy-loss function for a previously developed model of quasi-one-dimensional metals with two one-dimensional electron bands per donor and acceptor chains and the three-dimensional long-range Coulomb electron-electron interaction within the random phase approximation. It is essentially influenced by two hybridized collective modes which result from the strong coupling of the intraband plasmon and the interband dipolar modes. Our calculations show that the spectral weights of the renormalized plasmon and the dipolar mode dominate within the long wavelength limit, while for large longitudinal wave vectors the intraband electron-hole quasi-continuumgains some experimentally observable spectral weight as the second mode approaches it. The function obtained is brought into correspondence with the data of the quasi-one-dimensional organic conductor tetrathiafulvalene-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TTF-TCNQ) obtained from electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) measurements.
Revisiting the Hypothesis-Driven Interview in a Contemporary Context
Authors: Holmes Alex , Singh Bruce , Mccoll Geoff
Published: November 2011

Objective: The “hypothesis-driven interview” was articulated by George Engel as a method of raising and testing hypotheses in the process of building a biopsychosocial formulation and determining the most likely diagnosis. This interview was a forerunner of the modern medical interview as well as the contemporary psychiatric assessment. The objective of this article is to describe the hypothesis-driven interview and to explore its relationship with the contemporary medical interview.

Method: The literature on the medical and hypothesis-driven interview was reviewed. Key features of each were identified.

Results: The hypothesis-driven interview shares much with the contemporary medical interview. In addition, it enhances the application of communication skills and allows the interviewer to develop a formulation during the course of the assessment.

Conclusion: The hypothesis-driven interview is well suited to the aims of a contemporary psychiatric assessment.
The Validity and Utility of Risk Assessment for Inpatient Suicide
Authors: Large Matthew , Ryan Christopher , Nielssen Olav
Published: November 2011

Objective: It is widely assumed that identifying clinical risk factors can allow us to determine which patients are at high risk of suicide while in hospital, and that identifying those patients can help prevent inpatient suicide. We aimed to examine the validity and utility of categorizing psychiatric patients to be at either high or low risk of committing suicide while in hospital.

Method: The assumption that high-risk categorizations are valid was examined by comparing factors included in high-risk models derived from individual studies of inpatient suicide with the results of a meta-analysis of factors associated with inpatient suicide. A valid high-risk model was then applied to a hypothetical clinical setting in order to test the assumption that high-risk categorizations are useful.

Results: The existing models for assessing whether inpatients are at high risk of suicide all include one or more factors that were not found to be associated with inpatient suicide by meta-analysis and were probably chance associations. Depressed mood and a prior history of self-harm are the only well-established independent risk factors for inpatient suicide. Using these risk factors to classify patients as being at high or low risk would prevent few, if any, suicides, and would come at a considerable cost in terms of more restrictive care of many patients and the reduced level of care available to the remaining patients.

Conclusions: Risk categorization of individual patients has no role to play in preventing the suicide of psychiatric inpatients.
Treatment at La Macaza Clinic: A Qualitative Study of the Sexual Offenders' Perspective
Authors: Drapeau Martin , Körner Christine , Brunet Louis , Granger Luc
Published: November 2011

This exploratory study aimed at better understanding why pedophile sex offenders enter and remain in treatment and how they consider it to be helpful. Comparative analysis was applied to non-directive semi-structured interviews with 24 pedophile sex offenders from La Macaza Clinic at the La Macaza federal penitentiary in Quebec. Three major themes were explored: (1) the offenders' impressions about the voluntary basis of the treatment; (2) the nature of the motivation for treatment of the participants; and (3) the different ways in which therapy was or was not helpful. The results are discussed in reference to psychodynamic literature on therapy processes and sexual deviance pathology.
Advancing Social Inclusion: The Implications for Criminal Law and Policy
Authors: Sheehy Elizabeth
Published: November 2011

The author uses the premises and inquiries advanced by the literature on social inclusion to consider its potential for the re-visioning of criminal law and policy. She notes that criminal law and social inclusion are fundamentally at odds, but argues that governments and policy makers committed to inclusion in social and economic policy cannot fulfil that mandate without turning their attention to criminal law. She identifies the process of criminal law reform, the definition of crime, the enforcement of the law, and the outcomes of criminal law as areas for which social inclusion offers insights and directions.
Psychological Consequences of Wrongful Conviction and Imprisonment
Authors: Grounds Adrian
Published: November 2011

There is minimal research on the psychological effects of wrongful conviction and imprisonment. This is a descriptive study of a sample of 18 men referred for systematic psychiatric assessment after their convictions were quashed on appeal and they were released from long-term imprisonment. Sixteen were U.K. cases; two were from other jurisdictions. The assessments revealed evidence of substantial psychiatric morbidity. Fourteen men met ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for "enduring personality change following catastrophic experience" (F62.0), 12 met the criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder, and most reported additional mood and anxiety disorders. There were major problems of psychological and social adjustment, particularly within families. The difficulties were similar to those described in the clinical literature on war veterans. Possible explanations for these effects are discussed: specific traumatic features of miscarriage of justice and long-term imprisonment both appear to contribute to the post-release psychological problems.
The Youth Criminal Justice Act: New Directions and Implementation Issues
Authors: Barnhorst Richard
Published: November 2011

This article explains some of the Youth Criminal Justice Act's key provisions and policy directions. It also identifies implementation issues that can significantly influence how the youth justice system operates under the YCJA. Major objectives of the act include reducing the use of the youth court and reducing the use of incarceration.

The YCJA emphasizes restraint, accountability, proportionality, and greater structuring of the discretion of decision makers. It contains provisions to encourage the use of extrajudicial measures, including a presumption that non-violent first offenders should be dealt with through extrajudicial measures. Conferences are recognized as a potentially useful means of improving decision making. Pre-trial detention is prohibited for child welfare purposes and presumed to be unnecessary if the youth could not be sentenced to custody. The sentencing principles set out a new approach to sentencing. Sentences must be proportionate to the seriousness of the offence and, within the limits of proportionality, must promote rehabilitation. The sentencing provisions also place specific restrictions on the use of custody.

Implementation issues include appropriate use of available funding, the risk of net-widening, the adequacy of provincial policies and guidelines for police and prosecutors, conditions of release, and the interpretation of provisions related to proportionality, rehabilitation, and restrictions on custody.
What Did Quebec Not Want? Opposition to the Adoption of the Youth Criminal Justice Act in Quebec
Authors: Trépanier Jean
Published: November 2011

The review of the Young Offenders Act highlighted major differences between Quebec, where it was opposed, and other parts of Canada, where the act was discredited. This article is an attempt to understand contextual elements that may explain this split and to describe briefly the orientation of the positions taken by Quebec actors. Contextual elements include a deep-rooted rehabilitation approach in services for young offenders; changes that predated the YOA and paved the way for its acceptance in Quebec; a lesser degree of Americanization of perceptions; and a perception that the review responded to political rather than policy needs. New legislation was viewed as unnecessary since desired changes could be made under the YOA. The law that was to replace the YOA was an attempt to impose a criminal justice model that was viewed as a step backwards that would threaten the educative and rehabilitation approach that had inspired the youth justice system built over the years in Quebec.
Harmonizing the Sentencing of Young and Adult Offenders: A Comparison of the Youth Criminal Justice Act and Part XXIII of the Criminal Code
Authors: Roberts Julian
Published: November 2011

This brief article reviews the principal sentencing provisions of the new Youth Criminal Justice Act, and explores their relationship to sentencing at the adult court level. As well, a number of normative issues raised by the YCJA are addressed. It is clear that a central goal of the act is to harmonize sentencing at the adult and youth court levels. However, several important differences remain, including the following: (1) the statement of purpose of sentencing in youth justice courts lays more emphasis on rehabilitation; (2) although the utilitarian sentencing objectives of deterrence, denunciation, and incapacitation are relevant to the sentencing of adults, they are not stated objectives for sentencing juveniles; (3) while important, proportionality plays a lesser role in the sentencing of juvenile offenders, although the influence of the principle will increase with the age of the young person; (4) courts should resort to the incarceration of the offender less often when sentencing juvenile offenders; (5) when considering the principle of parity in sentencing, the frame of reference for youth courts should be the region in which the individual is being sentenced; there is no such statutory direction at the adult level.
Four Models of Victim Involvement during Plea Negotiations: Bridging the Gap between Legal Reforms and Current Legal Practice
Authors: Verdun-Jones Simon , Tijerino Adamira
Published: November 2011

In recent years, there has been a clear trend towards recognizing the right of victims to participate more fully in the criminal justice process. In Canada, significant steps have been taken to ensure that victims are granted the right to participate formally in the sentencing and parole processes through the use of victim impact statements. However, to date, comparatively little attention has been paid to the question of whether or not victims should be accorded a meaningful role in the process of plea negotiations. In Canada, plea bargaining has not been officially recognized and has not been subjected to judicial supervision. Indeed, plea negotiations occur behind closed doors, and victims have no right of participation. In the United States, however, plea agreements require judicial approval, and, in certain state jurisdictions, victims are accorded the right of participation in the judicial hearings that are held to determine whether or not a proposed plea agreement should be accepted by the trial court. This article identifies four potential models for the participation of victims in the plea negotiation process in Canada. The recommended model requires that plea negotiations be officially recognized by the Parliament of Canada; that plea negotiations be subjected to judicial regulation; and that victims be granted the right to make oral or written presentations to the trial judge concerning their opinions about the terms, and ultimate acceptability, of any proposed plea agreement.
Building Safer Communities: Lessons Learned From Canada's National Strategy
Authors: Léonard Lucie , Rosario Giselle , Scott Carolyn , Bressan Jessica
Published: November 2011

The purpose of this article is to discuss emerging trends in the development and implementation of locally based action directed at crime prevention and community safety in Canada. The discussion centres on the results gleaned from the research and evaluation of specific community-based projects that have been supported under the National Crime Prevention Strategy. Results from some of the projects indicate reductions in offending, improved school attendance and academic achievement, decreased levels of violence and aggression, increased prosocial behaviours, and improved community safety. Despite the considerable progress, many challenges remain in the development of individual and community-based safety initiatives.
A Short History of Crime Prevention in Australia
Authors: Homel Peter
Published: November 2011

Crime prevention work in Australia is notable for significant innovation and achievement in a number of important areas. However, the ability to consolidate these successes has been hampered by a number of structural factors, including continuing fragmentation between the state/territory level and the national bodies; a lack of strong national leadership and a shared vision for crime prevention goals; frequent changes in direction and strategic priorities across all levels of government; short-term arrangements that shift from "project" to "program" level; a lack of cohesion and coordination between key agencies (particularly police); and the absence of an adequate evidence base to support the dominant strategic approach - the community-based crime prevention model. This article discusses each of these issues from the perspective of managing crime prevention work at the various levels of Australian government and offers some thoughts on possible future directions and methods for overcoming existing shortcomings. Particular attention is paid to the impact of the increasing commitment to the use of "whole of government" models for developing and implementing crime prevention work, the emergence of the "urban renewal" model as a framework for broadening and strengthening the community-based crime prevention approach, the changing role of police in crime prevention, and the importance of building adequate evidence bases to support crime prevention practice.
American Crime Prevention: Trends and New Frontiers
Authors: Schuck Amie
Published: November 2011

American crime prevention is at a crossroads. After decades of successful efforts, the concept of prevention has been embedded in the American lexicon and prevention strategies are becoming a part of public policy. Even so, there is great uncertainty about the form, function, and emphasis of prevention programs. Historically, prevention efforts have used techniques of surveillance and incapacitation and focused primarily on guns, gangs, and drugs. Over the past 10 years, more progressive forms of prevention have been incorporated into public policy. However, the current conservative climate, combined with the fear of terrorism and declining sources of revenue, has precipitated a renewed emphasis on surveillance and incapacitation. Because the United States does not have a specific agency responsible for crime prevention, or even a national crime prevention agenda, much American crime prevention is incident driven. At present, the themes of information integration systems and prevention technology, law enforcement partnerships, and targeted interventions dominate the discourse on American crime prevention. However, it is unlikely that current crime trends will continue. Despite the impressive body of evidence accumulated over the last several decades on the importance of evidence-based crime prevention efforts, there is still enormous pressure to go back to the old-fashioned logic of deterrence and punishment.
De la prévention et de la sécurité: réflexions sur la gouvernance durable de la sécurité des collectivités
Authors: Sansfaçon Daniel
Published: November 2011

Les politiques et pratiques de prévention de la criminalité ont significativement évolué au cours des quelque vingt dernières années. Elles se sont diversi-fiées et se spécialisées; mais elles se sont surtout répandues dans de nombreux pays et villes, et l'Organisation des Nations Unies (ONU) a adopté des lignes directrices pour leur mise en œuvre. Au même moment, et au-delà du contexte géopolitique global qui voit les gouvernements mettrent l'accent sur la sécurité et les mesures de contrôle davantage que sur les mesures préventives, ces politiques ont très souvent été remises en question. Les mots clés incantatoires propres au discours préventif, de même qu'une certaine prétention à formuler des » recettes « y sont sans doute pour quelque chose. Néanmoins, à travers les mécanismes du partenariat, les outils de diagnostic local de sécurité, le recours à la connaissance et la pratique de l'évaluation, les politiques de prévention ont fortement contribué à instaurer une conception différente de la sécurité, une conception qui nous fait passer du gouvernement de la sécurité intérieure à la gouvernance de la sécurité citoyenne. Par tâtonnements et approximations successifs, se construit en effet un autre rapport à la normativité, qui ne relève plus uniquement de l'État mais qui est décentré et fragmenté, permettant ainsi une implication plus grande de la société civile dans la production du lien social.
Male and Female Youth Crime in Canadian Communities: Assessing the Applicability of Social Disorganization Theory
Authors: Jacob Joanna
Published: November 2011

Despite an increasing awareness of female youths' involvement in criminal activities, few criminology theories and empirical studies account for female youth crime. Social disorganization theory provides an ecological explanation of youth crime rates. This theory is traditionally applied to male youth crime and has been studied predominantly using American data. Social disorganization theory contributes to understanding the social conditions associated with increased crime rates, and it is therefore also useful for understanding female crime. This article examines whether and to what degree social disorganization theory is applicable to male and female youth crime in Canadian communities. Several sources of data are integrated for the analysis of overall, property, and violent youth crime by gender, including the 1996 Canadian Census and the 1996 Canadian Uniform Crime Reporting Survey (UCR). The results lend partial support for the application of this theory at the community level in Canada; however, they also suggest that predictors related to the informal social control of youth crime vary more by type of offence than by gender.