bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Valorization of byproducts from meat and dairy industries through fermentation to produce peptides
Authors: Kuo Chih-Chun , Chen Da , Jiménez-Flores Rafael , Wick Macdonald , Campanella Osvaldo
Published: July 2024

The escalating global issue of waste streams, particularly within the food industry, necessitates a sustainable approach to valorizing food wastes and incorporating these valorized compounds into new products.
Expanding the toolbox of Baeyer–Villiger and flavin monooxygenase biocatalysts for the enantiodivergent green synthesis of sulfoxides
Authors: Wu Jingyue , Anselmi Silvia , Carvalho Alexandra T. P. , Caswell Jill , Quinn Derek J. , Moody Thomas S. , Castagnolo Daniele
Published: July 2024

Two new monooxygenase biocatalysts, BVMO145 and FMO401 from Almac library, catalyse the enantiodivergent oxidation of sulfides bearing N-heterocyclic substituents into sulfoxides under mild and green conditions.
Electrochemical oxidative dehydrogenation of hydrosilanes to generate silyl radicals: an efficient method for the construction of Si–O/Si–Si bonds utilizing a recyclable ionic liquid catalyst
Authors: Wei Zhaoxin , Chen Ziren , Xue Fei , Yue Yuancheng , Wu Shaofeng , Zhang Yonghong , Wang Bin , Xia Yu , Jin Weiwei , Liu Chenjiang
Published: July 2024

A highly efficient and sustainable approach was developed for the construction of Si–O/Si–Si bonds, through the electrochemical oxidative dehydrogenation of hydrosilanes with O-nucleophiles or self-condensation of hydrosilanes.
Light-driven interfaces for PFAS detection and destruction
Authors: Schrama Frank R. A. , Massimi Scott E. , Dooley Michael R. , Trewyn Brian G. , Vyas Shubham , Richards Ryan M.
Published: July 2024

Due to exposure risks and health concerns, global limitations on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have become increasingly restrictive. Light-driven technologies can potentially destroy and detect PFAS, addressing these limitations.
A glycerol triglycidyl ether cross-linker assisting an in situ thermally polymerized gel polymer electrolyte for advanced lithium metal batteries
Authors: Huang Hao , Yi Linyun , Chen Xiaoxiao , Wei Chaohui , Zhou Aijun , Wang Yuehui , Li Jingze
Published: July 2024

A novel cross-linked gel polymer electrolyte was prepared by in situ ring-opening polymerization of 1,3-dioxolane (DOL) and glycerol triglycidyl ether (GTE), producing the longest cyclic lifespan in lithium metal batteries.
Cold atmospheric plasma deposition of antibacterial polypyrrole–silver nanocomposites on wearable electronics for prolonged performance
Authors: Heredia-Rivera Ulisses , Krishnakumar Akshay , Kasi Venkat , Rana Muhammad Masud , Gopalakrishnan Sarath , Nejati Sina , Gundala Gagan , Barnard James P. , Wang Haiyan , Rahimi Rahim
Published: July 2024

This study demonstrates the use of Cold atmospheric plasma-assisted deposition of conductive PPy–Ag nanocomposite coatings onto fabric electrodes, for enhancing the long-term antibiofouling performance of e-textile-based electronics.
Decoding the domain dynamics of polycrystalline 0.7BiFeO3–0.3BaTiO3
Authors: Xie Lixu , Khansur Neamul H. , Mo Mingyue , Gadelmawla Ahmed , Xing Jie , Tan Zhi , Zhu Jianguo , Webber Kyle G.
Published: July 2024

Despite the extraordinary significance of high-temperature piezoelectric ceramics in engineered systems, understanding their macroscopic electromechanical response in terms of local domain dynamics remains a significant challenge.
Are Personal and Reflexive Pronouns Dissociated in Agrammatic Comprehension? An Individual Participant Meta-Analysis With Clinical Implications
Authors: El Ouardi Loubna , Yeou Mohamed
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

This study had three objectives: (a) to verify if Grodzinsky et al.'s (1993) findings of worse comprehension of personal than reflexive pronouns can be replicated in a larger meta-analysis of individual participant data, (b) to examine if the heterogeneity found in the patterns of pronoun comprehension in agrammatism can be attributed to task effects, and (c) to evaluate the risk of bias in the reviewed studies.

Method:

Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic literature search was performed to identify studies examining the personal–reflexive pronoun dissociation in agrammatic comprehension. Seven studies met the search criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. For each participant, individual accuracy scores for the comprehension of personal and reflexive pronouns were extracted in addition to information on the study methods. Individual accuracy data were analyzed using the Fisher's exact test and the binomial test. The risk of bias in the studies was assessed using an adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale.

Results:

The meta-analysis had three main findings: (a) The majority of the persons with agrammatic aphasia (89%) had no dissociation between the comprehension of personal and reflexive pronouns; (b) 8% revealed a pattern consistent with a neuropsychological dissociation, faring worse on the comprehension of personal than reflexive pronouns; and (c) 2% performed worse on reflexive than personal pronouns. The type of the task used affected pronoun comprehension accuracy and accounted for the heterogeneity in the patterns of pronoun comprehension attested across the different participants.

Conclusions:

Taken together, the meta-analysis did not support a dissociation between personal and reflexive pronoun comprehension in agrammatic comprehension. When confirmed, the dissociation was driven by task effects. The clinical implications of these findings were discussed together with implications to minimize the risk of bias in future examinations of the topic.
Maximum torque per ampere control of permanent magnet/reluctance hybrid rotor dual stator synchronous motor
Authors: Jin Shi , Jin Wuhen , Wang Hao , Yu Siyang , Zhang Zhaoyu
Published: July 2024

Compared with a traditional low‐speed high‐torque permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), a permanent magnet (PM)/reluctance hybrid rotor dual‐stator synchronous motor (PM/RHRDSSM) has the advantages of high torque density and high space utilization. This type of motor is composed of a "back‐to‐back" PM + reluctance hybrid rotor and an inner and outer double stator. The number of poles of the inner and outer unit motors is the same, and the inner and outer stator windings are connected in series, driven by a single inverter. Due to the special mechanical structure and electromagnetic relationship of PM/RHRDSSM, traditional PMSM and synchronous reluctance motor maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control strategies are no longer applicable. In response to this issue, the authors establishe a PM/RHRDSSM mathematical model of stator winding series structure and propose a MTPA control strategy suitable for this new type of motor. This strategy is aimed at the special mathematical model of PM/RHRDSSM and derives the analytical expression of MTPA trajectory, which minimises the required stator current amplitude of PM/RHRDSSM at various load torques, thereby minimising the motor copper loss. Finally, the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed control strategy were verified through simulation and experiments.
Method for determining the harmonic contribution of consumer installations based on the application of passive filters
Authors: Skamyin Aleksandr
Published: July 2024

The paper presents a new method for estimating the contribution of distortion sources based on the application of passive harmonic filters. The method does not require the measurement of harmonic network impedance and is based on the measurement of harmonic currents of the grid, consumers and passive harmonic filters. Evaluation of the consumer contribution using a passive harmonic filter is necessary to select the parameters and connection points for harmonic reduction devices. A feature of the method is the correct determination of share contributions, regardless of background harmonic distortions. Based on this method, a single consumer can evaluate both the harmonic contributions of its own loads, even in the presence of background distortions, and the harmonic voltage distortions in the case of installing harmonic reduction devices. The research results are confirmed in laboratory conditions with various combinations of electrical loads connected both at the grid side and at the consumer side. For such conditions, the proposed method was compared with existing methods, among which are methods based on the measurement of harmonic voltage vectors, harmonic current vectors and active harmonic power. The application of the developed method was demonstrated using the example of a gas production field.
Design and implementation of an S‐band near‐field focused array with high E‐field strength
Authors: Li Chong , Tian Feng , Cheng Erwei , Xia Wenjun , Zhao Yongjiu , Xing Lei , Xu Qian
Published: July 2024

An S‐band near‐field focused array is designed and implemented. Consisting of 4 × 4 metallic Vivaldi elements, the array is designed for focusing the E‐field of several kilovolts per metre within its near‐field region. To minimise the power loss and enhance the synthesis effectiveness, elements are arranged on a sphere surface and oriented towards the sphere centre. When exciting the elements, the waves will be focused to a specific area on the observation plane. By adjusting the excitation phase, the focus position can be tuned. A systematic analysis has been carried out to illustrate the focus scanning process across the entire observation plane. Near‐field two‐dimensional scanning is performed to measure the E‐field distribution of the array. While scanning the focus, the diameter of 3 dB focal area is about 0.3 m, and the maximum field strength in the focus ranges from 1184 to 2129 V/m, which can be used for the radiated susceptibility testing.
Small signal stability analysis and control parameter optimization of DC microgrid cluster
Authors: Zhang Zifan , Yang Xiangyu , Zhao Shiwei , Zeng Qi , Liang Zhanhong , Gao Mengzhen
Published: July 2024

Direct current microgrid (DCMG) clusters are gaining popularity in power systems due to their simplicity and high efficiency. However, DCMG clusters are susceptible to minor disturbances due to low system inertia. This paper proposes a method to enhance the small‐signal stability of a DCMG cluster by optimizing the main control parameters of the system. This paper presents a small‐signal state‐space model of a DCMG cluster system at the system level, considering a multi‐bus network topology. Then, the control parameters that significantly affect the small‐signal stability of the DCMG are selected using the participation factor method. To enhance the system damping, the Pareto‐optimal frontier of the bi‐objective problem was determined using the elite non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA‐II). The optimal compromise is determined by using the fuzzy membership function method to extract it from the generated Pareto optimal front. The proposed method has been verified on a three‐sub DCMG test system with droop control.
Survival Analysis and Critical Risk Factors in Covid-19 Patients Using Cox Regression
Authors: Purnomo Jerry Dwi Trijoyo , Novitasari Alissa
Published: July 2024

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The average incubation period of SARS-CoV-2 is 5 days (ranging from 2 to 14 days), and people experiencing symptoms occur within 12 days after infection (ranging from 8 to 16 days). Most person-to-person transmission of the virus can occur before the infected person shows symptoms (presymptomatic). A small percentage of infected people never experience symptoms but can contribute substantially to the transmission of the disease. Research continues to be carried out to determine the estimated length of recovery of Covid-19 patients. In this study, survival analysis of Covid-19 patients will be studied at Haji Hospital in Surabaya using Cox Proportional Hazard regression. Cox regression is one of the methods that can measure the relationship between Hazard rate and predictor variables without any assumptions as found in parametric models, therefore the Cox regression model is included as a semi-parametric model. This model allows the test to look at the survival time differences of two or more interest groups and can describe the effect of the predictor variables used to predict the status of the response variables to survival. The results of the Cox Proportional Hazard regression modeling showed two variables that influenced the survival time of Covid-19 patients, namely the gender variable and the symptom variable.
Characterization and Hemocompatibility Assay of Microencapsulation Chitosan-Alginate Single Garlic Extract-loaded (MCA-SGE)
Authors: Rahma Amalia Nur , Aisyah Dahniar Nur , Annisa Yuslinda , Gofur Abdul , Maslikah Siti Imroatul , Lestari Sri Rahayu
Published: July 2024

Single garlic is a tropical plant with high bioactive compounds. Most bioactive compound found in single garlic is allicin but it has low bioavailability. Allicin was classified to reactive sulfur species (RSS) and has the ability to damage eukaryotic cells, for example is red blood cells (RBC). The damaged of RBC was minimized with a specific mechanism using the drug delivery system (DDS) with Microencapsulation Chitosan- Alginate (MCA). The aim of this study is to characterize and test the hemocompatibility of RBC. Single garlic extraction method using maceration with 70% ethanol. Optimal formulation of MCA-SGE determined using characterization with particle size analyzer (PSA) and hemocompatibility assay. PSA of MCA-SGE such as Z-Average (390.540± 11.460 nm), Polydispersity Index (PdI) (0.609 ± 0.011), and zeta potential (-23.067 ± 0.493 mV) shows that MCA-SGE categorized into optimal DDS. Hemocompatibility assay shows that MCA-SGE has low hemolysis percentage than SGE. The result of hemolysis percentage MCA-SGE does not cause the damage of RBC. Thus, it can be concluded that MCA-SGE was optimal increasing bioavailability of allicin compounds, hence MCASGE was compatible with RBC.
The effect of silica and carbon as modified of calcium-alginate membrane for desalination
Authors: Wijaya Anugrah Ricky , Syah Alif Alfarisyi , Wardani Chandra Kusuma , Kamila Nisrina Safa
Published: July 2024

In order to improve the performance of the calcium alginate membrane, we modified it to add the silica and carbon as the potential to absorb NaCl as the desalination materials. The novelty of this study, the natural resources of coral skeletons, beach sand, and the mangrove leaves were utilized as the source of Ca, Si and C for membrane fabrication, respectively. The results indicate the calcium alginate-carbon membrane with its mangrove leaves as the activated carbon proved effective to reduce salt levels. FTIR analysis of this membrane revealed the presence of functional groups like -OH, C=O, and C-O as the evidence to absorb NaCl. The SEM analysis displayed a rugged membrane surface with an average particle diameter of 347.98 nm. This membrane was capable of adsorbing approximately 49.05%/20-minutes and 46.7%/30-minutes of Na+ and Clˉ ions with 0.05 grams of activated carbon, respectively. The calcium alginatesilica analysis also indicated the presence of functional groups (-OH, C=O, C-O, Si-O, and Si-OH) facilitating the NaCl binding process. Additionally, SEM analysis depicted a porous structural morphology with a particle size diameter of approximately 16192.78 nm. This membrane was capable of adsorbing approximately 55.04%/20-minutes and 49.4%/40-minutes of Na+ and Clˉ ions with 0.05 grams of activated carbon, respectively. The comparison between the two membranes revealed significant differences in their NaCl ion absorption capacities. The calcium alginate-silica membrane tended to exhibit slightly higher absorption capacity compared to the calcium alginate-carbon membrane under the specified optimal conditions.
Comparison of Saponin Levels of Lerak Extract (Sapindus rarak) Maceration and Socletation Results Based on UV-Vis Spectrophotometry Analysis
Authors: Fitria Umi , Sulisetijono Sulisetijono , Lelitawati Mardiana , Jasman Muh. Wahyudi , Firdaus Zahra , Muktafi Achmad
Published: July 2024

The potential of Lerak fruit (Sapindus rarak) as a basic ingredient for medicine has been recognized because of its content, which is rich in saponin compounds. Saponin compounds are known to have antimicrobial effects, the ability to inhibit fungal growth, antidiabetic properties, and anti-inflammatory properties. To maximize the content of active compounds, optimization is required, including variations in extraction methods. This study aims to compare the levels of saponins produced by the maceration and Soxhletation extraction methods. Saponin levels were tested using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method with standard Diosgenin. Data were analyzed using independent t-test statistics. The yield of the maceration and Soxhletation extraction methods was 70.59±0.505% and 84.71±1.956% respectively. The results of saponin levels obtained from the maceration and Soxhletation extracts were 1.395±0.005μgde/ml and 1.904±0.015 μgde/ml respectively. The statistical test results showed a significant value of 0.000, which is less than 0.05, with a 95% confidence level. The conclusion of this study was that there were significant differences in saponin levels in the macerated and soxhleted lerak extract, with the highest levels found in the Soxhletation method with levels of 1.904±0.015 μgde/ml.
Vitis Vinera L. Leaf Detection using Faster R-CNN
Authors: Sarosa Moechammad , Ma’rifah Puteri Nurul , Kusumawardani Mila , Al Riza Dimas Firmanda
Published: July 2024

Grapes are a type of vine that belongs to the Vitaceae family and has many health benefits. There are dozens of grape varieties that are widespread in Indonesia. Grape varieties can be differentiated based on their various leaf shapes. At first glance, it might look the same. However, if you look at the shape and character of each leaf, grapes have different types and leaf variants. In recent years, various plant leaf classification methods based on deep learning have been proposed. This research uses a deep learning method with the Faster R-CNN ResNet-50 algorithm and uses pre-trained COCO weights to classify grape varieties through leaf images. For this purpose, a dataset of grape leaf images from five varieties was taken independently. Based on the tests that have been carried out, it shows that the improved network can effectively increase the efficiency of network operation. After testing four times ranging from 3,000 steps to 8,000 steps, the accuracy of recognizing leaf variations reached the highest level of 90.11% at 8,000 test steps with a loss of 0.134721. The results of this research show that the algorithm can classify types of grapes based on their leaves.
Proximate Analysis and Organoleptic Properties of Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas l.) Cookies
Authors: Sunaryo Nonny Aji , Nurmalasari Riana , Soekopitojo Soenar , Istiqomah Nimatul , Rashid Putri Dahlia Ab
Published: July 2024

Substitution of wheat flour with other ingredients in food processing is currently being considered for developing healthy food products. Purple Sweet Potato flour is one option that can be used as a substitute for wheat flour. In this study, cookies were made with purple sweet potato flour as a substitute. This study aims to determine the best formulation and analyze the proximate and hedonic characteristics to determine consumer acceptance of purple sweet potato cookies through sensory tests. This research is a completely randomized design experiment. treatment is the ratio of the amount of wheat flour and purple sweet potato flour in the processing of pastries. The parameters tested were moisture content, ash, protein, fat, crude fiber, carbohydrates, and organoleptic (taste, aroma, color, and texture). The results of the proximate analysis illustrate that, compared with control cookies, cookies substituted with purple sweet potato had higher carbohydrate, ash, fiber, and water content, while the fat and protein content became lower. Purple sweet potato flour can substitute up to 100% wheat flour, but based on research results, most of the panelists didn't like the taste. Most of the panelists liked the taste, aroma, and texture of cookies with a concentration of 25% purple sweet potato flour substitution compared to wheat flour. Based on the color parameters, most of the panelists liked cookies with a purple sweet potato flour substitution concentration of 50%.
Histological and physiological responses of Spodoptera litura F. larvae after exposure to papaya leaf extract (Carica papaya L.)
Authors: Rahayu Sofia Ery , Leksono Amin Setyo , Gama Zulfaidah Penata , Tarno Hagus
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to analyze the histological structure of the midgut, levels of digestive enzymes, and concentrations of 20-hydroecdison in S. litura F. larvae after exposure to papaya leaf extract (PLE). This experimental study used S. litura F. instar 4th larvae exposed to 20% and 0% PLE for 24-48 hours. The larvae were dissected, and their intestines were taken to isolate intestinal protein and then to measure the levels of the protease enzyme. The larval histology was prepared by examining the larvae and taking part in the midgut of the larva measurement of 20-hydroecdison levels by isolating protein in hemolymph fluid. The results showed that the midgut epithelial cells of the control group were normal, while the larvae in the treatment group experienced disturbances, the disintegration of the peritrophic membrane, and the formation of vacuoles in the cells. The protease enzyme measurement results in the control group were 39.76 ng/ml lower than the treatment group (45.43-56.92 ng/ml). The 20-hydroekdison measurement results in the control group were 70.76 ng/ml lower than in the treatment group, which were 9060-22361.51 ng/ml. Based on the study’s results, PLE can disrupt the physiology and midgut histology of S. litura larvae, so that it can be developed as a botanical pesticide.
Apple Cider Drink with Additional Sugarcane Juice (Saccaharum Officinarum) as Anti-Diabetes and Obesity
Authors: Mariana Rina Rifqie , Setiawati Teti , Soekopitojo Soenar , Shanghasari Bintang
Published: July 2024

Instant or trendy beverages are increasing in popularity and distribution in Indonesia. However, they use white crystal sugar that loses its nutrition during crystallization, which is assumed to cause diabetes and obesity. On the other hand, various beverages cannot be avoided in the culinary world since consumers prefer them. Apple cider on the market is known as Malang’s traditional drink. Its primary materials are white crystal sugar, apple-flavored cider, and preservatives, which are unsafe to consume. Therefore, this research aimed to chemically analyze the apple cider drink made from local apple and sugarcane juice that replaced white crystal sugar with no preservatives or other chemicals. This laboratory study used the AlCl3 to determine the flavonoid level, the Folin–Ciocâlteu method to determine total phenols, and the spectrophotometer for testing potassium, calcium, tannins, and saponins. The results showed an antioxidant activity of 263.34 μg/mL. The total flavonoid on the apple cider was 1.676 mg QE/g, and the total phenol was 4.5 mg GAE/g. During the phytochemical test, the apple cider had a potassium content of 73.6554 mg/L, and a calcium content of 7.5963 mg/L. Qualitatively, the results identified tannin content but not saponins. Thus, the apple cider with additional sugarcane juice met the healthy drink requirements.
Physicochemical Properties of Wastewater from Palm Oil Mill Secondary Effluent (POMSE) for Water Evaluation Quality
Authors: Karno Ria , Arisoesilaningsih Endang , Mustafa Irfan , Siswanto Dian
Published: July 2024

Effluent from palm oil mills is one of the main sources of pollution that seriously affects the physicochemical parameters in water bodies. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a potential hazard to the general environment. Regularly monitoring effluent is important to ensure industry compliance with effluent quality limits based on national and international regulations to safeguard human life, aquatic organisms, and other living organisms. This research focused on analyzing the physicochemical parameters of wastewater palm oil mill secondary effluent (POMSE) from palm oil mills in Rokan Hulu, Riau. The assessed physicochemical parameters included pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen, oil and fat, turbidity, and odor. The results indicated significant differences in characteristics in some of the observed parameters. Our findings were: pH (6.03−8.42); BOD (36.7−2,136.0 mg/L); COD (26.33−4,753.00 mg/L); TSS (30-5,438 mg/L); total nitrogen (361-830 mg/L); oil and fat (4−23 mg/L). The physicochemical characteristics of the effluent in the last treatment pond before being discharged through the liquid waste sewage have met the wastewater standards of the palm oil industry.
Coral Cover in The Sempu Strait Around Pondok Dadap Fishing Port Malang
Authors: Nugraha Wahyu Andy , Lutama Endra Mega , Insafitri Insafitri
Published: July 2024

The Sempu Strait is an area located in the southern coastal area of Malang Regency, precisely in Krajan Village, Sumbermanjing Wetan District. The Sempu Strait has a Pondok Dadap Fishing Port which refers to the Eco Fishing Port. This study aims to analyze the effect of fishing activities at Pondok Dadap Fishing Port on seawater quality and coral reef cover in the Sempu Strait. Data collection was carried out at 3 stations with 3 points for each station. Retrieval of data based on areas with different levels of community activity: station 1 with low activity conditions, station 2 with high activity conditions and station 3 with moderate activity. The quality of the waters in the Sempu Strait is still in accordance with seawater quality standards. The condition of coral reefs in the Sempu Strait at station 1 with coral reef cover of 69.81% is in the good category, station 2 is 0.8% is in the damaged category and station 3 is 50.7% in the good category.
Adaptive of Software Defined Network (SDN) technique to improve the connectivity between Two Vehicles in Vehicular AD HOC Network (VANET)
Authors: Hamza Sangin Jamal , Hassan Sharmeen Izzat
Published: July 2024

The automotive business has changed as a result of connected vehicles, which have improved urban adaptability and livability. The influence of Vehicle Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) and their development into Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is examined in this paper. The Internet of Vehicles (IoV), which facilitates vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, is built on top of VANET. Even though VANETs have advantages like increased entertainment and road safety, managing a variety of services with different Quality of Service (QoS) needs can be difficult. Software-Defined Networking (SDN), which facilitates effective control of mobile nodes, inter-operations, and resource allocation, is essential in addressing these issues. The paper is reviewed that how VANET technologies have developed over time, showing how they are now used for more than just safety services. Examples of these uses include IoT-based advertising, surveillance, and vehicle cloud computing. However, the inherent difficulties of VANETs, including changing node densities and high mobility, need programmable networking designs like SDN .Splitting architecture of network to control plane with data planes. Strategically, and SDN-enabled Vehicular Networks (SDVN) offer a centralized view for efficient management.
Advanced greedy hybrid bio-inspired based shortest path routing algorithm for SDN controller over VANET: Issues and challenges
Authors: Abdulkareem Sabr Alla , Aziz Mohammed Marwan , Aziz Bayz Dyana
Published: July 2024

VANET is used for contact between vehicles. There are two ways to do this: communication within the car and communication across stations. It has the links consistency protocol, which is utilized for node communications but isn’t good at handling dynamic functions; source routing is pretty static, so it can’t be optimized with proactive hop-by-hop communication; route selection isn’t done well, and there are times when processing takes too long; this is why the suggested idea of a bio-inspiring algorithm is utilized to fix problems with the current algorithm. In the VANET setting, it is used to cut down on data loss and delay. A new protocol called Bioinspired Routing Protocol finds the best router as well as base station to connect the service requester to the global server. This paper suggests an Advanced Greedy Hybrid Bio-Inspired (AGHBI) routing protocol via a greedy forwarding system to make IoV work better. It uses a modified hybrid routing scheme and bee colony enhancement to choose the best quality of service route as well as keep the path with the least quantity of overflow. The simulations show that the suggested protocol works well in both vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) as well as vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) settings. It also has a big effect on lowering the delay and increasing the number of delivered packets while keeping the overhead and hop count at a reasonable level for all vehicles. SDN, or software-defined networking, is utilized to keep the networking structures stable in VANET sources.
A Literature Review on Developing Community Service through Training Programs for University Students
Authors: Tawafak Ragad M. , Al Hinaai Badriya
Published: July 2024

This literature review aims to document the link to enhance university-community engagement while developing community service programs that build on university students’ community service initiatives. The increasing focus on promoting strong relationships between universities and local communities has highlighted the need for effective strategies that bridge the gap and enhance cooperation. By analysing a range of scholarly articles, research studies, and related literature, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the key factors, challenges, and best practices in developing community service programs for university students. It highlights the importance of providing students with the skills, knowledge, and attitudes necessary to engage with diverse stakeholders and meet community needs. The study method is based on analysing the students’ results in the practical assessment with the community. The results of this study showed that the achievement level of students improved positively when they immersed themselves in community volunteer work.
The Reinforced Factors of Green Computing in Instructive Setting Utilizing a Fake Experiences Approach: Discernment of Omani Students
Authors: Alsideiri Abir , Tawafak Ragad M. , Alfarsi Ghaliya
Published: July 2024

Green computing alludes to the productive and compelling utilization of computers and related assets such as screens, printers, capacity gadgets, and organizing and communication frameworks, with negligible or no natural effect. Actualized for obliging utilize. This consideration is an endeavour to degree the mindfulness, hone and duty of diverse understudies towards green computing in several colleges. A survey was created to decide on green computing mindfulness, hone, and duty among IT and non-IT understudies. The comes about appears that students’ mindfulness of green computing is normal and their everyday green computing hones are not palatable. This result shows that green computing instruction should be coordinated with higher instruction educational programs to extend mindfulness while minimizing destructive impacts on the environment.
Improving ECG signals classification by using deep learning techniques: A review
Authors: Marwa Salih R. , Shakir Mohammed A.
Published: July 2024

Heart diseases are serious global health concerns that could result in many deaths. Detecting and classifying the heart diseases early is crucial for initiating treatment and improving patient outcomes. ECG signals contain valuable information to analyze cardiac functions. It can be argued that techniques of Deep learning (DL) are effective aid to classify ECG signals accurately through learning from large amount of ECG data, ability to extract hidden information, and achieving superior performance in detection heart abnormalities. ECG signals processing involves three phases, preprocessing, extraction features and classification. This paper intends to review several studies published from 2019 to 2024 in this field. It follows a method of comparative analysis, considering specific performance metrics, preprocessing techniques, and the DL model used. The aim is to determine the most accurate DL technique for classifying ECG signals. Eventually, the paper indicated that the debate on the most accurate technique for classification remains ongoing. However , the reviewed studies demonstrated that models based on CNN and RNN can achieve significant level of accuracy in classifying ECG signals. On other hand, according to the conducted comparative analysis, it is recommended to use VGG16 as a classifier for ECG signals. As a suggestion, the complexity of VGG16 can be reduced, allowing for the implementation of a real-time application.
Recent podocopid ostracods from an alpine karst lake in Turkey
Authors: Sekeryapan Ceran
Published: July 2024

Alpine (high mountain) ecosystems with extreme weather conditions and complex karstic geology, hosting extensive aquifers, are the two main characteristics of Taurus Mountain ranges, also affecting the distribution of living biota. Understanding these systems are important since they are potentially diverse but poorly explored habitats and are possible water source in the region, especially considering projected further aridification trends. Here, Lake Yeşilgöl (altitude 1815 m asl), a groundwater fed karstic lake at Mount Akdağ, is described in terms of its physical limnology and benthic freshwater ostracod assemblages for the first time. Three freshwater (podocopid) ostracod species were recorded: Fabaeformiscandona brisiaca (Klie, 1938), Neglecandona neglecta (Sars, 1887) Krstić, 2006 and Ilyocypris bradyi Sars, 1890 in the surface sediment. Ostracods are in high abundance. According to the population structure of those species, I. bradyi Sars, 1890 and N. neglecta (Sars, 1887) Krstić, 2006 are inhabiting this lake. Although F. brisiaca (Klie, 1938) is the most abundant ostracod species, it might be distributed/transported to the lake via groundwater. F. brisiaca (Klie, 1938) is the first record form Turkey and might be part of the meio-fauna of karstic groundwater of Taurus Mountains. Trace metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, and Ni) were measured in the surface sediment of the main lake basin and in the subsamples of the littoral short core. They are detectable low concentration. Atmospheric contamination does not yet appear to be an environmental threat at this remote alpine site in Western Taurus Mountains, in the south west Anatolia.
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension – a spinal disease
Authors: Zander Charlotte , Wolf Katharina , El Rahal Amir , Volz Florian , Beck Jürgen , Urbach Horst , Lützen Niklas
Published: July 2024

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) remains an underdiagnosed condition despite increasing awareness due to recent scientific advances. Diagnosis can be delayed by the broad clinical presentation and imaging pitfalls. This results in a high degree of physical impairment for patients, including social and psychological sequelae as well as long-term damage in the case of delayed diagnosis and treatment.

The study is based on a selective literature search on PubMed including articles from 1990 to 2023 and the authors’ clinical experience from working in a CSF center.

SIH mostly affects middle-aged women, with the primary symptom being position-dependent orthostatic headache. In addition, there is a broad spectrum of possible symptoms that can overlap with other clinical conditions and therefore complicate the diagnosis. The causative spinal CSF loss can be divided into three main types: ventral (type 1) or lateral (type 2) dural leak and CSF-venous fistula (type 3). The diagnosis can be made using a two-stage workup. As a first step, noninvasive MRI of the head and spine provides indicators of the presence of SIH. The second step using focused myelography can identify the exact location of the cerebrospinal fluid leak and enable targeted therapy (surgical or interventional). Intrathecal pressure measurement or intrathecal injection of gadolinium is no longer necessary for primary diagnosis. Serious complications in the course of the disease can include space-occupying subdural hematomas, superficial siderosis, and symptoms of brain sagging, which can lead to misinterpretations. Treatment consists of closing the dural leak or the cerebrospinal fluid fistula. Despite successful treatment, a relapse can occur, which highlights the importance of follow-up MRI examinations and emphasizes the chronic nature of the disease. This paper provides an overview of the diagnostic workup of patients with suspected SIH and new developments in imaging and therapy.
Longitudinal Quality-of-Life Outcomes of Skull Base Chondrosarcoma Patients following Surgical Resection
Authors: Taniguchi Seika , Kam Jeremy , Kirszbaum Castle-Mendel , Akagami Ryojo
Published: July 2024

Objective Owing to the rarity of skull base chondrosarcomas (CS), much of its natural history and long-term impact on patient quality of life (QoL) are not well studied. This novel study demonstrates QoL among CS patients following radical treatment constituting surgery and postoperative radiotherapy over 2 decades.

Study Design Retrospective review and prospective data collection to obtain patient demographic, tumor characteristics, clinical symptoms, and patient-reported QoL outcomes using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36).

Setting/Participants Patients diagnosed with CS who underwent radical intent surgical resection by the senior author and adjuvant early postoperative proton beam therapy.

Results Twenty-eight skull base CS patients were identified, with 19 patients completing full treatment course. Mean long-term follow-up was 148.9 months. Diplopia symptom resolution was high. No significant deterioration in SF-36 Physical Health Component (PHC) and Mental Health Component (MHC) scores was observed at postoperative and long-term follow-up. General health was stable initially but deteriorated in long term (Δ −18.88, minimal clinically important difference [MCID]: 9.86, p = 0.04). Compared with age-matched Canadian control patients, CS patients reported similar PHC scores at baseline and follow-up. CS patients reported lower MHC scores (45.8 vs. 50.9, p = 0.13) preoperatively, which persisted at follow-up decreasing by 1.9 (43.9 vs. 53.7, p = 0.03); this difference, however, did not reach MCID threshold of Δ 5.9.

Conclusion We present the longest follow-up data on CS demonstrating stable long-term QoL with aggressive surgery. Tumor control was high and preoperative tumor size did not affect long-term QoL. Preoperative QoL was lower among CS compared with Canadian normative data. Postoperatively, only the decline in physical functioning QoL scores exceeded MCID. At long-term follow-up, the decline in physical functioning, social functioning, and general health exceeded MCID. Overall, QoL among CS patients remained lower at long-term follow-up despite absence of tumor progression and resolution of symptoms.
Economic Burden of Otitis Media Globally and an Overview of the Current Scenario to Alleviate the Disease Burden: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bhatia Ragini , Chauhan Anil , Rana Monika , Kaur Kulbir , Pradhan Pranita , Singh Meenu
Published: July 2024

Introduction The prevalence of otitis media (OM) is substantial all over the world. Epidemiological data related to the economic burden of OM globally is minimal. The present systematic review was undertaken to estimate the economic burden of this disease in various parts of the world.

Objectives An extensive literature search was done using PRISMA guidelines to identify relevant studies that estimated the economic burden of OM in monetary terms. The databases searched were PubMed Central, Ovid, and Embase. The cost estimation was done for one specific year and then compared considering the inflation rate.

Data Synthesis The literature search led to the inclusion of 10 studies. The studies evaluated direct and indirect costs in monetary terms. Direct costs (health system and patient perspective) ranged from USD (United States Dollar) 122.64 (Netherlands) to USD 633.6 (USA) per episode of OM. Looking at only the patient perspective, the costs ranged from USD 19.32 (Oman) to USD 80.5 (Saudi Arabia). The total costs (direct and indirect) ranged from USD 232.7 to USD 977 (UK) per episode of OM. The economic burden per year was highest in the USA (USD 5 billion). The incidence of OM episodes was found more in children < 5 years old. Introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines decreased the incidence in children and now the prevalence in adults is of concern.

Conclusion The economic burden of OM is relatively high globally and addressing this public health burden is important. Approaches for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment should be undertaken by the health system to alleviate this disease burden.
Anatomical Measurement as a Reference for Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Based on CT Scans and Dissections
Authors: Zanuncio Andressa Vinha , Amaral Flávia Gontijo , Pereira Marcell de Barros Duarte , Nunes Flávio Barbosa , Guimarães Roberto Eustáquio Santos
Published: July 2024

Introduction Diseases of the paranasal sinuses, nasal cavities, and those related to the skull base can be treated with nasal endoscopic surgery. Anatomical references are essential to safely perform these surgeries.

Objective To measure and compare the distance from the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus to the anterior skull base in cadavers and on computed tomography (CT) scans to determine a measurement as an anatomical reference in imaging exams for sinus and anterior skull base surgery.

Methods In dissections and CT scans, we took measurements from the most upper and medial point of the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus (point A) to the point where the skull base deflects and the anterior sphenoid wall is formed (Δ 90°; point B), in the right and left nasal cavities. We used 51 cadavers aged ≥ 18 years in the present research.

Results The measurements obtained from CT scans and dissections were greater than 1.5 cm in all cadavers, and they were positively correlated. The 1-cm increase in the AB-tomography measurement corresponded to the 1.08-cm increase to the right and 1.07-cm to the left in the AB-dissection measurement.

Conclusion The CT measurements may be considered a reliable tool to promote safe and effective access to the paranasal sinuses, matching the distance that should be dissected until the anterior base of the skull.
Study of Otorhinolaryngological Manifestations in Symptomatic COVID-19-Positive Patients at Tertiary Health Care Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Methwani Disha Amar , Deosthale Nitin , Khadakkar Sonali , Dhote Kanchan , Harkare Vivek
Published: July 2024

Introduction The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), also referred to as the 2019 novel coronavirus, is caused by a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus. This infectious agent spreads through respiratory routes, primarily utilizing aerosols. In our study, we shed light on ear, nose, and throat (ENT) manifestations, which can be considered as prognostic clinical biomarkers to reduce forthcoming complications among such critically ill patients. This makes it feasible for researchers to investigate or fetch early diagnosis in such cases with ease without the use of large, extensive hospital-base setups.

Objective To study the otorhinolaryngological (ENT) manifestations in symptomatic COVID-19 patients.

Methods From January to December 2021, a cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of ENT of a tertiary care hospital in central India. All eligible symptomatic COVID-19 patients admitted to this institution during the study period were consecutively enrolled. The Institutional Ethics Committee gave its permission for the project.

Results Out of the total of 1,375 patients, 78% of the patients diagnosed with COVID exhibited symptoms related to the ENT, while the remaining 22% did not display any ENT manifestations. Anosmia (71.2%), sore throat (55.62%), headache (44.3%), and loss of taste (66.3%) were among the most common ENT symptoms.

Conclusion The present study highlights ENT manifestations, which play a crucial role in the early diagnosis of COVID-19 patients, ensuring faster treatment and isolation for better containment of the disease. Symptomatic treatment has shown efficacy, but objective tests are needed to prevent overestimation, understand pathogenesis, and enhance treatment.
Comparison of Various Irrigation Techniques for the Removal of Silicone Oil-Based Calcium Hydroxide Intracanal Medicament from the Apical Third: An SEM Study
Authors: Saji Shalin Ann , Shetty Chitharanjan , Kaur Gurmeen , Bajpe Sunheri , Chandraprabha Chandraprabha , Shroff Rashi , Qaiser Shazeena , Gupta Surabhi
Published: July 2024

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of various irrigants (5.25% sodium hypochlorite [NaOCl] followed by 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid [EDTA] and 0.2% chitosan nanoparticle [NP]) and different irrigation techniques (conventional and EndoVac) for the removal of Metapex from the apical third of the root canal by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis.

Materials and Methods Forty extracted single-rooted human premolars were instrumented using a rotary ProTaper file system up to F3. The canals were dried and Metapex was placed inside the root canal. The access cavity was sealed with a cotton pellet and Cavit followed by the storage of specimens at 37°C at 100% humidity for 1 week. Cavit was removed and the samples were divided into: Group 1 (conventional irrigation using 5.25% NaOCl and 17% EDTA, n = 10), Group 2 (conventional irrigation using 0.2% chitosan NP, n = 10), Group 3 (EndoVac using 5.25% NaOCl and 17% EDTA, n = 10), and Group 4 (EndoVac using 0.2% chitosan NP, n = 10). After irrigant activation, the roots were divided in half, and the apical third of one-half of each tooth was subjected to SEM analysis. A five-graded scoring scale was used to evaluate dentinal wall cleanliness. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance.

Results There were statistically significant differences in mean canal cleanliness scores observed between the four groups. Chitosan NPs showed lower mean canal cleanliness scores at the apical one-third of the root canal indicating better cleanliness when compared with the other irrigants and techniques.

Conclusion None of the irrigation techniques was successful in entirely removing the calcium hydroxide intracanal medicament from the apical third.