bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“A Holy Warfare against the Age”: Essays and Tales of the Oxford and Cambridge Magazine
Authors: Boos Florence S.
Published: October 2014

The Oxford and Cambridge Magazine offers a case study of cross-influence and collaboration between a tightly knit group of editors and contributors. Its contents manifest a non-doctrinal, secular, and art-catholic approach to religion and faith in the power of intellectual inquiry and art to effect social transformation. The contributors’ progressive aspirations for education are particularly apparent in Godfrey Lushington’s essay on “Oxford University” and William Fulford’s proto-feminist “Woman, Her Duties, Education, and Position.” By contrast, several of the magazine’s tales, among them R. W. Dixon’s “The Rivals,” Edward Burne-Jones’s “A Story of the North,” and William Morris’s “The Story of the Unknown Church,” memorialize artistic sublimation and the notion of redemption through loss. An exception is William Fulford’s “Found, Yet Lost,” the sole tale told from a woman’s perspective, which offers sarcastic commentary on established religion and the class system. Although it failed to reach a popular audience, the magazine served a significant purpose in concentrating the intellect of a group of strikingly gifted young men.
Excavating Victorian Cuba in the British Periodicals Database
Authors: Pionke Albert D.
Published: October 2014

Britain played a multidimensional role in Cuba’s history during the Victorian period. This essay establishes an empirical warrant for the study of a distinctly Victorian Cuba by applying the tools of data mining and concordance analysis to ProQuest’s British Periodicals, Collections I & II . By identifying specific words and broader concepts that can guide future distant and close readings on this subject, it offers a highly transferrable case study on the use of digitized periodical collections to reconstruct a wide range of imaginative topoi for Victorian readers.
The politics of looking in Fernando León de Aranoa’s Princesas (2005)
Authors: Michelle Murray N.
Published: October 2014

Fernando León de Aranoa’s critically acclaimed film Princesas (2005) shows the friendship that forms between a Dominican and a Spanish prostitute in twenty-first century Madrid. In order to theorize alterity in contemporary Spanish culture, this essay analyses the cinematic formulation of the gaze that nationals commonly cast upon immigrants and its inverse, namely, constructions of (in)visibility. By focusing on the question of cinematic gaze, I will show that Princesas not only explores immigration in twenty-first century Spain but also attempts to reformulate the way the audience visualizes immigration by presenting the chief protagonists in their invisibility – along with the attendant vulnerability this invisibility engenders – as other characters evade, objectify or silence them. Hence, the spectator does not just view the body of an ‘other’ – as it is fragmented, exoticized or abused – but the dangerous consequences of Otherness.
El arte en el cine y su uso como ampliación del conocimiento del hecho artístico
Authors: Ríos Moyano Sonia , Escalera Pérez Reyes
Published: October 2014

El cine, el arte y la cultura se mezclan e interrelacionan constantemente. Desde el nacimiento del cine, las influencias y relaciones del arte en el mismo son constatables. Con el paso de los años el cine se nos presenta como una herramienta de un gran poder persuasivo y educativo, de modo que en este texto insistiremos en la importancia del séptimo arte como complemento educativo en el contexto del aprendizaje de un periodo, autor u obra. El cine se fija en el arte, hace arte en movimiento, más concretamente cuando se inspira en un periodo imaginado, de ahí que en este texto compilaremos los filmes que nos muestran las grandezas, vicios y virtudes de los artistas más controvertidos de la historia moderna, así como de aquellos otros temas afines al estudio de la Historia del Arte. De ahí que sea de gran relevancia la compilación de películas que, de alguna forma tratan la vida, la obra o un periodo histórico que pueda ser utilizando para ampliación de los contenidos y los aprendizajes.
Después de… una historia de la Transición
Authors: Blázquez Carretero Elena
Published: October 2014

Después de… puede considerarse una de las primeras entregas de urgencia de la realidad de la Transición. Este doble documental de los hermanos Bartolomé, rodado entre 1979 y 1980, se presenta como un acercamiento a diversos sectores de la sociedad española que dan su punto de vista, discuten y explican cómo se han visto afectados por los cambios producidos tras la muerte de Franco. Tras el 23-F, el documental quedó varado por la Administración, víctima de una censura encubierta y de un sistema de estrenos simbólicos. Ya fuera por reflejar los cambios que se estaban produciendo a nivel de gente de la calle o por contar aquello que los noticiarios no contaban, el documental sufrió una precaria y tardía distribución. Pese a todas las dificultades encontradas en torno a su exhibición, este testimonio resulta a día de hoy de enorme utilidad para conocer los problemas de entonces y los que aún permanecen.
«¿Qué fue de José Custodio?». Un ingeniero dieciochesco en la frontera de los imperios iberoamericanos
Authors: Rico Bodelón Óscar
Published: October 2014

El portugués José Custodio de Sá e Faria fue uno de los ingenieros más destacados de la segunda mitad del siglo xviii en el ámbito sudamericano, primero en Brasil y luego en el Río de la Plata. Su presencia en la isla de Santa Catarina durante la conquista española de 1777 resultó determinante en el curso de su vida, ya que partió con el ejército español y nunca más regresó a territorio lusitano, haciéndose sospechoso para muchos historiadores brasileños.En este artículo analizamos el papel de José Custodio en la invasión española de la isla, las acusaciones y recriminaciones de que fue objeto por parte del virrey Lavradio y la historiografía posterior, las maniobras del virrey Cevallos para atraerlo al servicio de Carlos III, las razones que le persuadieron para desear ingresar en él, y finalmente cuál fue la suerte que corrió en el virreinato del Río de la Plata.
El retrato burgués en la colección de arte de la región de Murcia
Authors: Moreno Vera Juan Ramón
Published: October 2014

A través del análisis de tres retratos burgueses nos acercaremos a las principales características de esta tipología, vinculadas a una clase social que se asienta en el siglo xix gracias a una posición económica holgada en los negocios. Aunque cercanos en lo estilístico a los retratos oficiales, debido al realismo y a la importancia de los detalles, las dos obras del siglo xix nos muestran una tipología de carácter privado en la que destaca la naturalidad de los gestos, la ausencia de elementos simbólicos y la importancia otorgada al tratamiento de las telas y los accesorios para mostrar la nueva posición social familiar. En el siglo xx sin embargo observamos un importante cambio en la concepción del retrato burgués, unido ahora al concepto de vanguardia y modernidad deja libertad para experimentar con la pincelada mientras que el parecido físico del protagonista pasa a un segundo plano en el género.
Aproximación teórica metodológica para el estudio etnohistórico de los migrantes
Authors: Rodríguez Chaves Alonso
Published: October 2014

El trabajo expone algunos referentes teóricos metodológicos usados en la investigación etnohistórica. En el caso particular se invita al lector a aplicar a estudios históricos en que el fenómeno migratorio se establece como objeto de estudio e hilo conductor. En esta línea, los procesos migratorios acaparan el centro del análisis, pero más lo van a constituir los grupos de personas que participan en ellos. Por ende, este tipo de investigación se inscribe en un contexto que da atención especial al relato histórico-antropológico de los elementos que caracterizan a los colectivos sociales de migrantes de los últimos periodos. Los mismos no solo se estudian a lo interno del grupo sino también, en sus relaciones con los demás que participan en la sociedad receptora. En otras palabras, uno de los principales aportes del análisis etnohistórico es como ahondar en la vida de los migrantes, formas de organización, trato que recibieron como recién llegados, entre varios aspectos que se tejen en la relación de convivencia entablada con los pobladores autóctonos. Se toman para este fin, algunos enfoques teóricos, los cuales han servido para estudiar este tipo de relación.
Colour coding for blood collection tube closures – a call for harmonisation
Authors: Simundic Ana-Maria , Cornes Michael P. , Grankvist Kjell , Lippi Giuseppe , Nybo Mads , Ceriotti Ferruccio , Theodorsson Elvar , Panteghini Mauro
Published: October 2014

At least one in 10 patients experience adverse events while receiving hospital care. Many of the errors are related to laboratory diagnostics. Efforts to reduce laboratory errors over recent decades have primarily focused on the measurement process while pre- and post-analytical errors including errors in sampling, reporting and decision-making have received much less attention. Proper sampling and additives to the samples are essential. Tubes and additives are identified not only in writing on the tubes but also by the colour of the tube closures. Unfortunately these colours have not been standardised, running the risk of error when tubes from one manufacturer are replaced by the tubes from another manufacturer that use different colour coding. EFLM therefore supports the worldwide harmonisation of the colour coding for blood collection tube closures and labels in order to reduce the risk of pre-analytical errors and improve the patient safety.
The Yang–Mills gradient flow and loop spaces of compact Lie groups
Authors: Swoboda Jan
Published: October 2014

We study the

L
2

${L^{2}}$

gradient flow of the Yang–Mills functional on the space of connection 1-forms on a principal G-bundle over the sphere

S
2

${S^{2}}$

from the perspective of Morse theory. The resulting Morse homology is compared to the heat flow homology of the space

Ω
⁢
G

${\Omega G}$

of based loops in the compact Lie group G. An isomorphism between these two Morse homologies is obtained by coupling a perturbed version of the Yang–Mills gradient flow with the

L
2

${L^{2}}$

gradient flow of the classical energy functional on loops. Our result gives a positive answer to a question due to Atiyah.
Paravesical and broad ligament hematoma after vaginal delivery
Authors: Kaya Barış
Published: October 2014

The management of puerperal hematomas after normal delivery has always been a challenging issue for obstetricians. Vulvar, vulvovaginal, or paravaginal hematomas are common; by contrast, retroperitoneal hematomas after normal delivery are uncommon and can be life-threatening. There are only few case reports about retroperitoneal hematomas in the literature and no standard management has yet to be established. Although pelvic arterial embolization has become a rational and popular method in the management of puerperal hematomas in recent years, it can only be performed if the patient is stable and interventional embolization unit is available. Moreover, the patient with hematoma usually presents with symptoms of shock; hence, rapid intervention is necessary. Considering the suggestions in the literature, management options of retroperitoneal hematomas include conservative management, incision and drainage of the hematoma, pelvic arterial embolization, and hysterectomy. Internal iliac artery ligation is a common mode of puerperal hematoma treatment; however, it has yet to be reported as a treatment modality in retroperitoneal puerperal hematoma. Thus, I present a very rare case of retroperitoneal hematoma after normal delivery, presenting with the symptoms of shock. Visualization and dissection of the retroperitoneal space was challenging in the hematoma site; however, the bleeding was successfully controlled with internal iliac artery ligation. Recovery of the patient was uneventful.
Para-CR structures on almost paracontact metric manifolds
Authors: Wełyczko Joanna
Published: October 2014

Almost paracontact metric manifolds are the famous examples of almost para-CR
manifolds. We find necessary and sufficient conditions for such manifolds to be para-CR.
Next we examine these conditions in certain subclasses of almost paracontact metric manifolds.
Especially, it is shown that normal almost paracontact metric manifolds are para-CR.
We establish necessary and sufficient conditions for paracontact metric manifolds
as well as for almost para-cosymplectic manifolds to be para-CR. We find also basic
curvature identities for para-CR paracontact metric manifolds and study their consequences.
Among others, we prove that any para-CR paracontact metric manifold of constant
sectional curvature and of dimension greater than 3 must be para-Sasakian
and its curvature equal to -1. The last assertion does not hold in dimension 3.
We show that a conformally flat para-Sasakian manifold is of constant sectional
curvature equal to -1. New classes of examples of para-CR manifolds are established.
An Empirical Approach to Design Optimized Self-Compacting Concrete Mixes
Authors: Dubey Rahul , Kumar Pardeep
Published: October 2014

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is being used worldwide in the construction industry for new construction as structural and architectural concrete. The properties of SCC are very sensitive to constituent materials. Thus, proportioning and optimization of constituent materials including admixtures is key issue in the mix design of SCC. This paper focuses mainly on an experimental study to select optimum proportions of indigenously available aggregates for SCC and optimize fly ash content in SCC, keeping in view its sensitiveness to water/powder ratio and superplasticizer dosage. The results show that to develop SCC with indigenous materials, the coarse aggregate content should be in the range of 31.63 %–33.97 % of concrete volume and fine aggregates in the range of 38.76 %–47.09 % of mortar volume depending upon powder content. In addition, SCC with 25 %–30 % of fly ash content with respect to powder content requires the lowest amount of superplasticizer dosage and water/powder ratio.
Effect of Lubrication in Cold Upsetting Using Experimental and Finite Element Modeling
Authors: Hari Krishna C. , Davidson M. J. , Nagaraju C. , Ramesh Kumar P.
Published: October 2014

An effective lubricant will always enhance the formability of a material when applied at the die–billet interface in cold upsetting processes. High friction at the die–billet interface leads to adhesion of the cylindrical billets to the surfaces of the die, and barreling can occur. The present work focuses on the experimental and finite element investigation of the cold upsetting process of AA2014-T6 cylindrical billets under different friction conditions. The forces, stresses, and strains required for deformation were analyzed for different lubrication conditions using the finite-element-based software DEFORM 2D. The sliding velocity and sliding distance of the material are explained with the aid of computational results. The barreling radii determined from the computational techniques and analytical results were in close agreement. The influence of lubrication on stresses—namely, axial stress, hoop stress, and hydrostatic stress—was investigated. Finite element investigations were conducted for friction factors ranging from m = 0 to m = 1 to predict the effect of stresses on the formability of the billets.
Impact of Moisture and Load on Vertical Movement of a Simulated Platform Frame Wood Structure
Authors: Wang Jieying , King Luke
Published: October 2014

The objective of this study was to assess the relative contributions of wood shrinkage and building dead loads to vertical displacement in the form of height loss for wood-frame structures. Identifying the relative contributions of these factors while monitoring full-sized buildings presents significant challenges; therefore, a laboratory test was conducted under controlled hygrothermal conditions and loading. Two small-scale wood-frame structures were constructed with dimension lumber wall assemblies and floor joists. Both model structures were equipped with vertical movement and moisture content (MC) monitoring systems. The structures were conditioned in a chamber to a MC of approximately 20 %, and then moved into the laboratory environment for drying and loading. Model Structure No. 1 was loaded immediately; model Structure No. 2 was not loaded until after the wood had dried to the equilibrium MC. By using a unique lever system, the applied load simulated a dead load that could be experienced by the bottom floor of a six-story wood-frame building. Shrinkage coefficients were measured using samples cut from the horizontal framing members. The results suggested that the loads “forced” the structures to displace downward. At the driest time in the laboratory, the total movement of model Structure No. 1 reached a maximum of about 19 mm after 10 months, which is comparable to in situ recorded measurements from the bottom floor of a four-story wood-frame building in coastal British Columbia. Shrinkage appeared to account for 70 % of the total vertical movement, with the remaining 30 % contributable to load-induced displacement under the conditions of this test. Model Structure No. 2 showed less vertical movement but more initial displacement than model Structure 1 due to a larger settlement. This study suggested that there may be a need to consider the effect of loads in addition to wood shrinkage when estimating building height loss.
A Certain Investigation on Harmonic Reduction and Design of Fuzzy Gain Scheduler for Shunt Compensation for Power Quality Enhancement
Authors: Balasubramaniam P. M. , Prabha S. U.
Published: October 2014

This article describes a Synchronous reference frame based current control scheme for three phase shunt active power filters (SAPFs) to reduce or to remove harmonics, correct power factor, and balance asymmetrical load is analyzed. This active power filter (APFs) is used to compensate harmonic currents and reactive power generated from the nonlinear loads. In this article, to determine reference compensation currents under balanced source voltages, the voltage source inverter for harmonic filtering of a three phase shunt active filter is used. In this proposed method, a fuzzy gain scheduling controller is used and the response of the DC link voltage is compared with PI controller during transient and steady state. The main objective of this article is to analyze shunt active filters with fuzzy gain scheduling controllers and PI controllers. To carry out this analysis, active and reactive current methods (Id–Iq) are considered. Extensive simulations were carried out. The simulations were performed under balance sinusoidal conditions. The results validate the dynamic behavior of a fuzzy gain scheduling controller over PI controllers. The simulation of the proposed system is evaluated using MATLAB Simulink and the results show that the proposed method is more effective than the existing methods.
Capability Measure for VoIP Performance
Authors: Lin S. J. , Yang D. L.
Published: October 2014

Voice-over Internet protocol (VoIP) has become more popular because of the widespread use of the Internet. The quality of VoIP phone calls is typically not as stable as that in the public switched telephone network. This is because of the packet-switching approach of IP networks. This situation is very common for a mobile device that connects a VoIP call through a wireless link. Therefore, properly managing the quality of service for VoIP calls is important. Some objective methods are developed to evaluate subjective qualities. They are based on the physical system. This study is based on statistical quality control and the process capability index to evaluate VoIP's performance, then demonstrates the entire system's service quality. The acceptable thresholds of two critical characteristics in voice-quality transformation, including packet loss and delay, are regarded as processing specifications. Our method measures the process capability of every phone call item to meet processing specifications where multiple phone call quality characteristics are involved.
Calcination of Intercalated Talcite and Its Effect on the Adsorption of Abietate from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Yang Dongmei , Yuan Haijian , Song Zhanqian , Qian Xueren
Published: October 2014

Intercalated talcite was calcinated and its effect on the adsorption of abietate from aqueous solution was evaluated in this study. The amount of adsorbed abietate increased with increasing calcination temperature from 300°C to 500°C but decreased with increasing calcination temperature from 500°C to 600°C. Less abietate was adsorbed on anion-intercalated talcites than on their calcined products, except for sulfate anions. The calcined products of organic anion-intercalated talcites possessed a strong abietate-adsorption ability. The abietic acid existed in both colloidal and dissolved states. The regeneration ability of the abietate adsorbed by calcined talcite was poorer, and only about 20 % of the original adsorption amount was retained after five use cycles. The adsorption mechanism of abietate on the calcined talcites (i.e., the partial structure reconstruction of the calcined talcites) was proposed based on x-ray diffraction analysis. The calcined talcites had good long-term structural stability in the atmospheric medium.
A Perceptual Measure of Blocking Artifact for No-reference Video Quality Evaluation of H.264 Codec
Authors: Ben Amor Mohamed , Larabi Mohamed-Chaker , Kammoun Fahmi , Masmoudi Nouri
Published: October 2014

In this paper, we propose a new, perceptually significant video quality metric to estimate the blocking effect caused by the H.264/MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding (AVC) standard. Our method operates in the spatial domain by taking into account the local variation inside each 16 by 16 block. The proposed approach does not require high computational complexity and can be suitable for real-time evaluation. We evaluate the performance of the proposed method by using three common intermediate format sequences at different compression rates. The comparison of the obtained results was made with Suthaharan's technique using the IVP database. The performance metrics, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, indicate that the proposed method outperformed the approach recommended in the literature for block-based compression, and the improvement was even better for the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC standard.
Assessing True TFT-LCD Process Quality in the Presence of Unavoidable Measurement Errors
Authors: Liao Mou-Yuan , Wu Chien-Wei , Lin Chien-Hua
Published: October 2014

The rapid growth of the thin-film-transistor–liquid crystal-display (TFT-LCD) market has led to a highly competitive environment for TFT-LCD suppliers. Therefore, it is very important for TFT-LCD suppliers to seek high-quality technology. In this paper, we adopt the index Cpp to measure the critical quality of TFT-LCD products. However, the existent method for assessing true Cpp value assumes zero gauge measurement errors. This assumption does not reflect reality, despite the use of modern and highly sophisticated measuring instruments. Because measurement errors may result in unreliable decisions, this study proposes the concept of generalized pivotal quantities (GPQs) to construct generalized confidence intervals (GCIs) for Cpp, with consideration for measurement errors. Simulations show that the proposed method is effective for large measurement errors. Therefore, this method is reliable for a manufacturer to assess a TFT-LCD supplier's process quality. This method is also applicable to other industries.
Cooling Curve Analysis of Heat Treating Oils and Correlation With Hardness and Microstructure of a Low Carbon Steel
Authors: Elmi Hosseini S. R. , Zabett A. , Li Zhuguo
Published: October 2014

Oil is one of the most common quenchants used in the heat treating industry. Since the cooling properties of a quench oil varies with the degree of aging, it is important that quenching cooling rates be monitored with respect to use time. In addition, there is insufficient general information about various oil quenchants in general and cooling rates in particular. This problem is compounded by complaints from heat treating shops that quenching oils of nominally the same type, and which are alleged to contain the same additive packages, exhibit very different quenching performance in practice. Therefore, at the request of the heat treating industry in Iran, measuring system was designed and built to determine the cooling rate of quenching oils. This system includes of a tubular furnace, oil tank, probe for measuring the temperature, a system for probe transfer from the furnace to the quenchant, and a data acquisition system. This new system is capable of measuring the cooling rate of quenching oils according to various national and international standards. In the study reported here, two types of oils were comparatively evaluated: Behran 145 Oil (New Oil) and Used Behran 145 Oil. The cooling rate of these quenching oils was measured, and the effect of their cooling rate differences on the hardness and the microstructure of a low carbon steel was determined.
PREFACE TO CONCERNING VIOLENCE: NINE SCENES FROM THE ANTI-IMPERIALISTIC SELF-DEFENSE
Authors: Spivak Gayatri Chakravorty
Published: October 2014

Film Quarterly reprints the Preface to Göran Olsson’s documentary Concerning Violence: Nine Scenes from the Anti-Imperialistic Self-Defense. This preface written by renowned author, scholar and activitis Gayatri Chavrakovrty Spivak is handed out in printed form to audiences prior to screenings of the film. It is meant to set the tone and to provide background and commentary on the images that audiences will see in the film that aims to contextualize the writings of Frantz Fanon, in particular The Wretched of the Earth, upon which this film is based.
Inflammatory monocytes promote progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and can be therapeutically targeted via CCR2
Authors: Mojumdar Kamalika , Liang Feng , Giordano Christian , Lemaire Christian , Danialou Gawiyou , Okazaki Tatsuma , Bourdon Johanne , Rafei Moutih , Galipeau Jacques , Divangahi Maziar , Petrof Basil J
Published: October 2014

Myofiber necrosis and fibrosis are hallmarks of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), leading to lethal weakness of the diaphragm. Macrophages (MPs) are required for successful muscle regeneration, but the role of inflammatory monocyte (MO)‐derived MPs in either promoting or mitigating DMD is unclear. We show that DMD (mdx) mouse diaphragms exhibit greatly increased expression of CCR2 and its chemokine ligands, along with inflammatory (Ly6Chigh) MO recruitment and accumulation of CD11bhigh MO‐derived MPs. Loss‐of‐function of CCR2 preferentially reduced this CD11bhigh MP population by impeding the release of Ly6Chigh MOs from the bone marrow but not the splenic reservoir. CCR2 deficiency also helped restore the MP polarization balance by preventing excessive skewing of MPs toward a proinflammatory phenotype. These effects were linked to amelioration of histopathological features and increased muscle strength in the diaphragm. Chronic inhibition of CCR2 signaling by mutated CCL2 secreted from implanted mesenchymal stem cells resulted in similar improvements. These data uncover a previously unrecognized role of inflammatory MOs in DMD pathogenesis and indicate that CCR2 inhibition could offer a novel strategy for DMD management.
Metabolomics: a tool for the diagnosis of GH deficiency and for monitoring GH replacement?
Authors: Höybye Charlotte , Wahlström Erik , Tollet-Egnell Petra , Norstedt Gunnar
Published: October 2014

The diagnostic value of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) for GH deficiency (GHD) in adults is not optimal. Molecular profiling could be used for biomarker discovery. The aim of this pilot study was to compare the serum metabolome between GHD patients and healthy controls, and identification of potential markers for diagnosis and/or for individual GH dosing. A total of ten patients with GHD, median age of 55 years and BMI of 27 kg/m2, were compared with ten healthy age- and gender-matched controls. The serum metabolic profiles were generated using gas chromatography-coupled mass spectroscopy on fasting samples taken in the morning from the controls and at baseline and during 6 months of GH replacement in the patients with GHD. The difference in low-molecular weight compounds (LMC) distinguished the healthy controls from GHD patients. Among 285 measured metabolites, 13 were identified as being most important in differentiating GHD patients from controls. Of these, 11 could not be structurally annotated but many were classified as lipids. The difference in the LMC pattern persisted despite normalisation of IGF1 following GH replacement. GH replacement increased the levels of specific fatty acid compounds and decreased the levels of certain amino acids. No metabolite changed in response to GH treatment, to the same extent as IGF1. The measurement of 285 metabolites resulted in a unique pattern in GHD, but changes in the metabolite patterns during GH treatment were limited. The utility of metabolomics to find new markers in GHD and GH replacement remains to be further elucidated.
Twists and Turns: My Career Path and Concerns About the Future
Authors: Ausubel Frederick M
Published: October 2014

THE Genetics Society of America’s Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal is awarded to an individual GSA member for lifetime achievement in the field of genetics. The 2014 recipient is Frederick Ausubel, whose 40-year career has centered on host–microbe interactions and host innate immunity. He is widely recognized as a key scientist responsible for establishing the modern postrecombinant DNA field of host–microbe interactions using simple nonvertebrate hosts. He has used genetic approaches to conduct pioneering work that spawned six related areas of research: the evolution and regulation of Rhizobium genes involved in symbiotic nitrogen fixation; the regulation of Rhizobium genes by two-component regulatory systems involving histidine kinases; the establishment of Arabidopsis thaliana as a worldwide model system; the identification of a large family of plant disease resistance genes; the identification of so-called multi-host bacterial pathogens; and the demonstration that Caenorhabditis elegans has an evolutionarily conserved innate immune system that shares features of both plant and mammalian immunity.
Neighborhood Influences on Girls’ Obesity Risk Across the Transition to Adolescence
Authors: Hoyt Lindsay T. , Kushi Lawrence H. , Leung Cindy W. , Nickleach Dana C. , Adler Nancy , Laraia Barbara A. , Hiatt Robert A. , Yen Irene H.
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The neighborhoods in which children live, play, and eat provide an environmental context that may influence obesity risk and ameliorate or exacerbate health disparities. The current study examines whether neighborhood characteristics predict obesity in a prospective cohort of girls.

METHODS:

Participants were 174 girls (aged 8–10 years at baseline), a subset from the Cohort Study of Young Girls’ Nutrition, Environment, and Transitions. Trained observers completed street audits within a 0.25-mile radius around each girl’s residence. Four scales (food and service retail, recreation, walkability, and physical disorder) were created from 40 observed neighborhood features. BMI was calculated from clinically measured height and weight. Obesity was defined as BMI-for-age ≥95%. Logistic regression models using generalized estimating equations were used to examine neighborhood influences on obesity risk over 4 years of follow-up, controlling for race/ethnicity, pubertal status, and baseline BMI. Fully adjusted models also controlled for household income, parent education, and a census tract measure of neighborhood socioeconomic status.

RESULTS:

A 1-SD increase on the food and service retail scale was associated with a 2.27 (95% confidence interval, 1.42 to 3.61; P < .001) increased odds of being obese. A 1-SD increase in physical disorder was associated with a 2.41 (95% confidence interval, 1.31 to 4.44; P = .005) increased odds of being obese. Other neighborhood scales were not associated with risk for obesity.

CONCLUSIONS:

Neighborhood food and retail environment and physical disorder around a girl’s home predict risk for obesity across the transition from late childhood to adolescence.
Unfavorable outcome of aggressive lowering of high blood pressure. Case report
Authors: Kuperczkó Diána , Csécsei Péter , Komáromy Hedvig , Szapáry László , Fehér Gergely
Published: October 2014

Cerebral autoregulation is essential in the maintenance of cerebral blood flow. Due to this autoregulation, cerebral perfusion is constant in healthy subjects if blood pressure values are between 50–150 mmHg. In hypertensive patients the curve is right-shifted towards higher blood pressure values (pathological autoregulation). Aggressive blood pressure reduction can lead to severe ischaemia. The authors report the history of a 73-year-old man with the background history of widespread atherosclerotic disease. The patient complained about headache and dizziness and was found to have high blood pressure (160/100 mmHg) and increased blood glucose (14.8 mmol/l). Prior to his admission an aggressive blood pressure and blood sugar reduction was carried out and, within a short period of time he became unconscious and was transferred to the department of the authors with the possible diagnosis of brainstem stroke. On admission the patient was unresponsive, comatose with brainstem symptoms. Urgent brain computed tomography failed to show any acute alterations. However, repeat CT scan revealed extensive bilateral space occupying ischemic changes involving in territories of both internal carotid arteries with consequent brainstem compression. Computed tomography angiography confirmed bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion. The authors conclude that intensive blood pressure reduction result in ischemic lesions via hypoperfusion especially in patients with widespread atherosclerotic disease and significant carotid vessel pathology. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(42), 1685–1689.
Health related quality of life and disease burden of patients with cystic fibrosis and their caregivers: Results of the European BURQOL-RD survey in Hungary
Authors: Péntek Márta , Kosztolányi György , Melegh Béla , Halász Adrienn , Pogány Gábor , Baji Petra , Brodszky Valentin , Vártokné Hevér Noémi , Boncz Imre , Gulácsi László
Published: October 2014

Introduction: Data on disease burden of cystic fibrosis in Hungary are scarce. Aim: To assess quality of life and resource utilisations of patients with cystic fibrosis. Method: In a cross-sectional survey (BURQOL-RD project), the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire was applied and healthcare utilisations were retrospectively surveyed. Results: 110 patients participated in the study (age-groups, year: 0–13, N = 48; 14–17, N = 12; ≥18, N = 50), median age at the diagnosis was 1 year. EQ-5D-5L score in age-groups 18–24 and 25–34 was significantly lower than in the general population (p<0.05). 75 patients (68%) attended pulmonology care, 55 patients (50%) were hospitalised in the past 6 and 12 months, respectively, and 57 patients (52%) were taking dornase alpha. Five adult patients (10%) received help from non-professional caregiver. Conclusions: Cystic fibrosis leads to significant deterioration of quality of life. This study is the first from the Central Eastern European region that provides basic inputs for further health economic evaluations of cystic fibrosis care. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(42), 1673–1684.
Measurement of blood pressure variability and the clinical value
Authors: Kékes Ede , Kiss István
Published: October 2014

Authors have collected and analyzed literature data on blood pressure variability. They present the methods of blood pressure variability measurement, clinical value and relationships with target organ damages and risk of presence of cardiovascular events. They collect data about the prognostic value of blood pressure variability and the effects of different antihypertensive drugs on blood pressure variability. They underline that in addition to reduction of blood pressure to target value, it is essential to influence blood pressure fluctuation and decrease blood pressure variability, because blood pressure fluctuation presents a major threat for the hypertensive subjects. Data from national studies are also presented. They welcome that measurement of blood pressure variability has been included in international guidelines. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(42), 1661–1672.
New procedure for determining the moment–curvature relationship of a reinforced concrete section
Authors: Chen Xu , Zhou Dong-hua , Wang Peng , Zhang Sheng-ping
Published: October 2014

The moment–curvature relationship is fundamental for inelastic analysis of structures to predict sectional strength, flexural stiffness, sectional ductility and energy dissipation capacity. Here, a new procedure for determining the moment–curvature relationship is developed through calculating the internal force by deformation. This method improves on the traditional iterative procedure by presenting and using the regulations of strain distributions on the moment–curvature curve as well as employing more analytical approaches. Based on possible strain distributions in the ultimate state, three possible strain distribution cases are considered, giving a clear view of the change process of strain distributions over the whole curve. Algorithms are then proposed to calculate the strain distributions of the first and last points on the curve, which greatly benefits the rate of convergence. Furthermore, according to constitutive relationships, equilibrium and deformation compatibility, analytical expressions with respect to two strains are derived to calculate the internal forces of an arbitrary stress state, which may include the ultimate; this is normally done by numerical methods. By computer programming, the influences of axial force on the moment–curvature relationship are analysed, along with the influences of curvature on the moment–axial force relationship.
Healthy Birth Practices Revisited
Authors: Budin Wendy C.
Published: October 2014

In this column, the editor of The Journal of Perinatal Education describes this special issue where distiguished authors provide updated evidence-based reviews of the Lamaze International Six Healthy Birth Practices that promote, support, and protect natural, safe, and healthy birth.

This issue is dedicated to Elisabeth Bing on the occasion of her 100th birthday.
Healthy Birth Practice #6: Keep Mother and Baby Together— It’s Best for Mother, Baby, and Breastfeeding
Authors: Crenshaw Jeannette T.
Published: October 2014

Mothers and babies have a physiologic need to be together at the moment of birth and during the hours and days that follow. Keeping mothers and babies together is a safe and healthy birth practice. Evidence supports immediate, uninterrupted skin-to-skin care after vaginal birth and during and after cesarean surgery for all stable mothers and babies, regardless of feeding preference. Unlimited opportunities for skin-to-skin care and breastfeeding promote optimal maternal and child outcomes. This article is an updated evidence-based review of the “Lamaze International Care Practices That Promote Normal Birth, Care Practice #6: No Separation of Mother and Baby, With Unlimited Opportunities for Breastfeeding,” published in The Journal of Perinatal Education, 16(3), 2007.
Language abstractions for low level optimization techniques
Authors: Dévai Gergely , Gera Zoltán , Kelemen Zoltán
Published: October 2014

Programmers are often forced to implement performance-critical applications
at a low abstraction level. This leads to programs that are hard to develop
and maintain because the program text is mixed with low level optimization
tricks and is far from the algorithm it implements. Even if compilers are
smart nowadays and provide the user with many automatically applied
optimizations, practice shows that in some cases it is hopeless to optimize
the program automatically without the programmer?s knowledge. A complementary
approach is to allow the programmer to fine tune the program by providing him
with language features that make the optimization easier. These are language
abstractions that make optimization techniques explicit without adding too
much syntactic noise to the program text. This paper presents such language
abstractions for two well-known optimizations: bitvectors and SIMD (Single
Instruction Multiple Data). The language features are implemented in the
embedded domain specific language Feldspar which is specifically tailored for
digital signal processing applications. While we present these language
elements as part of Feldspar, the ideas behind them are general enough to be
applied in other language definition projects as well.
Eight Issues on Audit Data Analytics We Would Like Researched
Authors: Wang Tawei , Cuthbertson Robert
Published: October 2014

Data analytics has been emphasized as an effective tool in audit engagements. However, both our understanding and the use of data analytics in audit engagements are limited. The objective of this paper is to draw academic researchers' attentions to the issues of data analytics identified by an experienced practitioner in the field. These issues range from standards and the framework of data analytics to the use of data analytics in different phases of audit engagements and the corresponding consequences. The use of external data, sample versus population, and reliance on the work of internal auditors are also discussed. By addressing these issues, academic researchers can not only provide solutions to the field but also contribute to the knowledge body of academic literature.
Enostosis-like lesions in equids: 79 cases (1997–2009)
Authors: Ahern Benjamin J. , Boston Raymond C. , Ross Michael W.
Published: October 2014

Objective—To evaluate equids with enostosis-like lesions (ELLs) and document the clinical and epidemiological features of this disease.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—79 equids with a scintigraphic diagnosis of at least 1 ELL on ≥ 1 occasion.

Procedures—Medical records of 4,992 equids that underwent bone scintigraphy between March 1997 and March 2009 were reviewed; 78 horses and 1 pony had a scintigraphic diagnosis of an ELL. For those equids, signalment; physical, scintigraphic, radiographic, and lameness examination results; and outcome were reviewed.

Results—Of the 79 equids, 4 (5.1%) had anatomically distinct ELLs on 2 (n = 3) or 4 (1) separate occasions that caused lameness in different limbs. Thus, there were 85 ELL-related admissions to the hospital. Overall, 157 ELLs were detected. Among all equids undergoing scintigraphic examination, Thoroughbreds were more commonly and Standardbreds were less commonly affected. Older animals were more likely to have ELLs. Lameness was directly attributed to scintigraphically evident ELLs in 42 of the 85 (49.4%) admissions. The tibia (62/157 [39.5%]) and the radius (46/157 [29.3%]) were most commonly affected. The ELLs located in the humerus caused more severe lameness than did ELLs in other anatomic locations. Lameness severity was associated with radiopharmaceutical uptake intensity. Among racehorses, those with 1 ELL were more likely to return to racing than were those with multiple ELLs detected in 1 scintigraphic examination; mean interval from diagnosis to first start was 184 days.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of this retrospective evaluation of a large group of equids with ELLs have provided a better understanding of this disease process.
Comprehensive Framework for Estimating Traffic Stream Flow Rates past Moving Bottlenecks
Authors: Fadhloun Karim , Rakha Hesham , Loulizi Amara
Published: October 2014

Regardless of the application domain, researchers are always interested in modeling natural phenomena in the simplest way while capturing key features and producing valid conclusions. The research presented in this paper extends a previous study by developing a simple model that estimates the traffic stream flow passing a moving bottleneck. Specifically, the research presented in this paper extends the deterministic modeling approach by considering differences in driver and vehicle behavior with simulated data generated with the INTEGRATION software. It is shown that the impact of speed distribution is more notable for high demand levels and results in a decrease in the passing rate, which is consistent with traffic flow theory. Finally, the paper demonstrates that the roadway jam density has no effect or a minimal effect on the bottleneck passing rates. With the presented extension, the proposed framework is comprehensive for estimation of the passing rate around moving bottlenecks.
Analytical Derivation of Capacity at Diverging Junctions
Authors: Marczak Florian , Buisson Christine
Published: October 2014

Freeway congestion occurs mainly at discontinuities of the road network, such as merges, weaving sections, and diverges. Reliable tools are needed for estimating the operations at these discontinuities and evaluating their capacity. This paper proposes an analytical model that estimates the capacity at a diverging junction according to the kinematic wave theory of Lighthill, Whitham, and Richards. The model assumes that exiting vehicles drive temporarily at a speed that is lower than the free-flow speed. The slow vehicles are considered moving bottlenecks. In the methodology, the acceleration is assumed to be infinite in a first step. But, because it is a key factor in explaining the capacity drop, this assumption is relaxed in a second step through a constant acceleration rate used for all the vehicles. In this study, the moving bottleneck theory is used to compute the effective flow passing the diverging junction and the corresponding relative capacity drop. The analytical results are assessed with microsimulation results.
Design Guidelines and Conditions that Warrant Deployment of Fully Actuated Coordination
Authors: Day Christopher M. , Bullock Darcy M.
Published: October 2014

Most signal timing design documents focus on critical parameters such as cycle, offset, and splits but provide little guidance on other coordination parameters. The choice of settings for those parameters consequently is based on opinion more often than on quantitative results. The force-off mode (fixed or floating) and the use of fully actuated coordination (or early yield) are two such parameters. In this study, software-in-the-loop simulation was carried out to evaluate the impact of these two design parameters on coordinated system performance. Four alternative volume scenarios were simulated to explore a variety of conditions based on varying demand for the main street and side street movements. When side street volume approaches capacity, operational benefits arise for the associated phases, particularly when main street volumes are below capacity. Some modest improvements in individual movement average delays are observed even when the main street volumes are also near capacity. Fixed force-off and fully actuated coordination reduce the delay of noncoordinated phases. Coordinated phase delay and arterial travel times are not affected. The recommendation is made for coordinated intersection designs to feature detection on all phases and to be configured for fixed force-offs and fully actuated coordination.