bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plant Immune System: Understanding Pathogen Recognition and Defense Mechanisms
Authors:   Freelance Writer, Mumbai, India, Kajrolkar Amita
Published: February 2025

Plants deploy advanced defense mechanisms through their immune systems for detecting pathogenic threats which protects them from death while sustaining performance. A dual defense system operates in plants under two main mechanisms labeled Pattern-Triggered Immunity (PTI) and Effector-Triggered Immunity (ETI). Broad-spectrum resistance begins through Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) detection of Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns (MAMPs) which constitutes PTI as the initial defense line. ETI provides a more elaborate form of defense by having Nucleotide-binding Leucine-rich Repeat (NLR) proteins inside cells recognize pathogen effectors which leads to amplified immune responses resulting in localized cell death.

The immune responses function through three series of molecular signaling cascades that consist of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathways and calcium signaling together with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The defense mechanisms receive hormone regulation from substances like salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) which optimize immune responses. Pathogens have developed multiple counterstrategies including effector-mediated suppression of host immunity to continue their constant evolutionary struggle with plants.

Plant immunity research benefits from new discoveries that show PRR structures along with synthetic immune receptors development and CRISPR-based techniques to make plants more disease resistant. The complex defensive approaches of plants require thorough analysis for developing pathogen-resistant crops which protect food availability and support sustainable farming systems in the midst of shifting infective-threats.
On Vocal Cultures and Traditions in Vertebrates—Culture, Learning, and Grammar in Animals
Authors:   Department of Physiology and Behavior, Laboratory of Bioacoustics/EcoAcoustic Research Hub, Biosciences Center, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, Djokic Divna
Published: February 2025

This review delves into the latest research on culture, learning, and grammar in animals, providing definitions of these debated terms and drawing conclusions about their existence beyond human societies. It explores mechanisms such as social learning and cumulative culture. The core focus is on the vocal culture of vertebrates, defined as the vocal traditions of various geographically spread groups. Numerous examples support each statement, with marine mammals, particularly humpback whales, frequently highlighted as exemplars of highly developed vocal culture in vertebrates, prompting further hypotheses and new questions. Moreover, it draws parallels with human culture, encouraging an exploration of cultural development and inheritance in other animals to gain insights into the evolution of human culture. Finally, the review emphasizes the importance of this phenomenon for the protection and conservation of highly social animals.
Dijital Çağın Yeni Paradigması: Sosyal Medya Etkileyicilerinin Vergilendirilmesi
Authors: Yıldız Sebiha
Published: February 2025

Günümüz teknoloji çağı, bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinde yaşanan gelişmelerle birlikte her alanda kendini hissettirmiştir. Özellikle insanların hayat tarzı, iş hayatı ve toplumsal yaşamı, bu değişimden en önce etkilenenler arasındadır. Teknolojide yaşanan hızlı ilerlemeler ve internetin yaşamın tüm alanlarına girmesi hem sosyal hem de iş hayatına yeni kavramlar kazandırmıştır. Bunlardan biri de sosyal medya etkileyicileri (İnfluencer)‘dir. Sosyal medya etkileyicileri kurduğu bağlantı ve ağlarca güçlendirilmiş sosyal medyada aktif olarak bulunan ciddi etkileme gücüne sahip kişilerden oluşmaktadır. Sosyal medya platformlarının gün geçtikçe artması bu sosyal ağı milyarlarca insanın kullanmasına ve içerik oluşturmasına imkân tanımıştır. Sosyal medya platformları kullanıcı sayısının artması, çoğu içerik üreticisi için kazanç kapısı haline gelmiştir. Birçok içerik üreticisi yaptığı paylaşımlarla gelir elde etmektedir. Bu ekonomik faaliyetlerin yeni olması bunların nasıl vergilendirileceği konusunu gündeme getirmiştir. Ülkeler bu tür gelir elde edenleri hangi tür vergiye tabi tutacağı konusunda ciddi oranda zorlanmaktadır. Bundan dolayı sosyal medya etkileyicilerinin vergi karşısındaki durumunun incelenmesinin yararlı olacağına inanılmaktadır. Türkiye’de ve dünya ülkelerinde sosyal medya etkileyicilerinin sosyal ağlar üzerinden elde ettiği kazançlar farklı vergi uygulamalarına tabi tutulmuştur. Özellikle Türkiye’de sosyal medya platformları üzerinden elde edilen gelirlerin kolaylıkla vergilendirilebilmesi için vergiden istisna edilmesine ve belirli miktara kadar stopaj yoluyla vergilendirilmesi öngörülmüştür.
Métodos Numéricos y las Nuevas Tecnologías de la Información - Experiencias y Desafíos
Authors: Cabrera Castro Marcelo A. , Ríos Elías D. , García Quenardelle Paula
Published: February 2025

Se presentan las experiencias implementadas en el curso de Análisis Numérico Básico, resaltando el uso de herramientas tecnológicas tanto para el cuerpo docente como para los alumnos. En el marco educativo, se adoptó un enfoque de enseñanza híbrida que combinó clases presenciales con actividades en línea. Además, se desarrollaron recursos audiovisuales específicos para los alumnos, con el propósito de fortalecer sus habilidades de programación. Desde la perspectiva del estudiante, se facilitó el acceso y la utilización de recursos en la nube, como Google Colaboratory (Colab) y Overleaf, para mejorar la comprensión y aplicación práctica en problemas de la especialidad, de los métodos numéricos desarrollados en clase como por ejemplo búsqueda de raíces, optimización y ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias. Estas plataformas permitieron a su vez fomentar y enriquecer el intercambio de información tanto de alumnos hacia docentes como entre los alumnos. La integración de estas herramientas tecnológicas en el curso amplió las capacidades de enseñanza del cuerpo docente y fomentó a los estudiantes al uso recursos innovadores para explorar y aplicar conceptos de Análisis Numérico.
Practical tips and ethical considerations
Authors: Paradkar Hemant
Published: February 2025

Target Audience: Writing with Readers in Mind When writing a research paper, it's crucial to understand the audience you're addressing. Different types of articles are written for different readers, and tailoring your writing to meet their expectations can significantly impact how well your work is received. Writing with the audience in mind ensures that your message is communicated effectively and that the article resonates with the right people.
Research papers: Examples and case studies
Authors: Paradkar Hemant
Published: February 2025

Original Research Articles (Gundeti et al., 2022)Gundeti MS, Bhurke LW, Mundada PS, Murudkar S, Surve A, Sharma R, Mata S, Rana R, Singhal R, Vyas N, Khanduri S. AYUSH 64, a polyherbal Ayurvedic formulation in Influenza-like illness-Results of a pilot study. Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine. 2022 Jan 1;13(1):100325.
Artificial Intelligence Implementation in Education Processes
Authors: Darwish (ed) Dina
Published: February 2025

Currently, numerous issues for enhancing teaching and learning remain unaddressed. Educators pursue technology-driven methods that are secure, efficient, and scalable to meet these aims. Educators naturally question whether the swift technological advancements in daily life could be beneficial. Similar to everyone else, educators utilise AI-driven services in their daily routines, including voice assistants in their residences, tools for grammar correction, sentence completion, and essay writing, as well as automated travel planning applications on their mobile devices. A multitude of educators is currently investigating freshly emerging AI tools. Educators recognise the potential of AI-driven technologies, such as speech recognition, to enhance support for students with disabilities, multilingual learners, and others who could gain from increased adaptability and personalisation in educational digital tools. They are investigating how AI can facilitate the composition or enhancement of lessons, along with their methodology for sourcing, selecting, and modifying materials for instructional usage. Educators are cognisant of emerging threats. Beneficial and potent functionalities may potentially provide novel data privacy and security vulnerabilities. Educators acknowledge that AI can autonomously generate output that is unsuitable or erroneous. They are apprehensive that the associations or automations generated by AI may exacerbate undesirable biases.
Syllabus to course plan generator using artificial intelligence
Authors: Boby Maria , Sreekumar Abhinav , Kanna Rajesh R
Published: February 2025

This chapter presents an automated course plan document generator that will use OCR and NLP methods to process the uploaded syllabi after the syllabi have been uploaded. The system will use machine learning algorithms to correctly parse the courses' content, structure, and requirements to produce comprehensive course plans meeting particular academic needs. In conclusion, this project shall improve the educational quality by eliminating the human work input for course planning, standardization of course outlines, and easy access to the described course outlines by both the learners and instructors.
Estrategias de Liquidación de Pasivos a través del Uso de Tarjetas de Crédito
Authors: Pedraza Navarrete Luis Enrique
Published: February 2025

Este proceso investigativo determina el reconocimiento puntual de la necesidad de considerar la educación financiera para lograr una adecuada administración de pasivos, específicamente en el uso de tarjetas de crédito. Se confirma que el desconocimiento en el adecuado manejo de las finanzas personales puede propiciar una inadecuada condición financiera que afecta gradualmente los ingresos, generando deudas impagables. A partir de los criterios cuantitativos y cualitativos, ha sido posible distinguir las repercusiones de una mala administración económica y pasivos en rojo. En este sentido, deben reconocerse estrategias de planificación presupuestal, con la asesoría profesional en materia financiera de manera habitual, en aras de lograr una educación económica aceptable. Este estudio concluye que la identificación de la educación en el gasto personal se reconoce como una herramienta fundamental para prever las grandes deudas y buscar una estabilidad económica sostenible.
LESSONS LEARNED: AN IN-DEPTH LOOK AT SINO PHARM VACCINE RESEARCH IN KARACHI PAKISTAN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: Aijaz Khola , Fehmi Fahad , Saeed Zara , Ahmed Syed Nizamuddin , Ain Hoor Ul , Afridi Mariam Khan , Zahra Fatimah Tuz , Bano Tahira , Memon Arsalan
Published: February 2025

Background: The global COVID-19 pandemic has led to widespread efforts in developing effective vaccines to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The Sinopharm BBIBP-CorV vaccine, an inactivated virus vaccine developed by the Beijing Institute of Biological Products, received emergency use authorization from the World Health Organization (WHO). Despite its global distribution, limited real-world safety data exist for specific populations, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Pakistan.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the safety profile and incidence of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) associated with the Sinopharm vaccine among the population of Karachi, Pakistan.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over 56 days, including 5,420 participants vaccinated with the Sinopharm BBIBP-CorV vaccine. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and follow-up interviews, focusing on demographic information, comorbidities, and post-vaccination adverse effects. Descriptive statistics were applied to assess the frequency and severity of AEFI, while chi-square tests evaluated associations between adverse events and demographic factors.
Results: Out of 5,420 vaccinated individuals, 24 (0.442%) reported adverse effects. Of these, 23 cases (95.8%) occurred after the first dose and 1 case (4.2%) after the second dose. Female participants accounted for 79.2% of AEFI cases, while males represented 20.8%. The most affected age group was 41–50 years, comprising 45.8% of AEFI cases. Common adverse effects included headache (41.7%), vertigo (20.8%), and dizziness (16.7%). Comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes showed no significant association with AEFI occurrence.
Conclusion: The Sinopharm vaccine demonstrated a strong safety profile, with mild and self-limiting adverse effects observed in a small fraction of participants. These findings support its continued use in mass immunization campaigns, reinforcing its role as a reliable tool against COVID-19.
Reform of Teaching Mode of Ideological and Political Theory Course in Colleges and Universities under the Background of Mobile Internet
Authors:   School of Marxism, Lanzhou University, Liu Di
Published: February 2025

In recent years, the rapid development of the Internet has brought new opportunities to the teaching of ideological and political theory courses in colleges and universities. The teaching of ideological and political courses in colleges and universities under the Internet era should adapt to the new era, keep up with the trend, strive to improve teaching methods, and constantly improve and improve teaching efficiency, so as to achieve the purpose of profound education. Ideological and political theory courses in colleges and universities is the main channel to strengthen ideological and political education of college students. However, there are still some incompatible problems between the current educational model and the development of ideological and political courses in colleges and universities. Reforming this will effectively promote the cultivation and practice of college students' socialist core values, improve their ideological quality and moral standards, and ensure the cultivation of qualified builders and reliable successors with socialist characteristics. The application and reform of the teaching mode of ideological and political theory courses in colleges and universities must follow the correct guiding ideology and specific basic principles. The reform of the teaching form of ideological and political courses in colleges and universities needs to focus on practical teaching, keep pace with the times, closely connect with the society, actively guide students to correctly understand the current situation, strengthen students' ideals and beliefs, and constantly improve the attractiveness and effectiveness of ideological and political education. According to the specific theoretical analysis, combined with the current situation of ideological and political theory course teaching and teaching mode reform in colleges and universities, we can learn from the practice of ideological and political theory course teaching and its teaching mode reform. Therefore, this paper points out that colleges and universities support the teaching of ideological and political theory courses and the reform of its teaching mode.
Research on the Improvement of Early Childhood Teachers' Educational Research Ability Supported by Big Data Technology
Authors:   Department of Education, Beibu Gulf University, Li Aiqun , Li Liaye ,   Department of Education, Beibu Gulf University, Nong Lihua ,   Department of International, Nanning Technical College
Published: February 2025

Kindergarten teachers are very important guides on the path of young children's growth. Education is a difficult task, and teaching young children to enjoy learning, to live, and to love art is not enough based on what teachers learn in school alone, and much of it is inappropriate. Early childhood teachers cannot just take books and teach; they must have an attitude of research. It is difficult for teachers to receive good results without an attitude of research, because the work of early childhood education is difficult and complex. Early childhood teachers must coordinate multiple areas to educate young children in a holistic manner, which requires teachers to have strong learning and research skills. At present, there are not many studies on strategies to improve the educational research ability of early childhood teachers, and those that do exist focus more on scientific research, which is somewhat deviated from the educational research needed in kindergartens and can provide limited reference value to teachers, and there is still confusion about how to improve the educational research ability of early childhood teachers. Therefore, this paper proposes a study on the improvement of early childhood teachers' educational research ability with the technical support of big data. Based on big data and artificial intelligence technology, this paper investigates and analyzes the current situation of kindergarten teachers' educational research ability, and on this basis, conducts action research to explore the effective path to improve teachers' educational research ability.
Research on the implementation path of classroom teaching reform in local colleges and universities
Authors: Wu Yuting , Zheng Xiaoling , Liu Xiaochen , Pan Huimin
Published: February 2025

This research focuses on the transformation of classroom teaching within local universities during this era of rapid change. It lays stress on the incorporation of industry, profession, and vocation aspects so as to tackle crucial matters like narrowing the disparity between instructional content and enterprise advancements and optimizing the pathways of cooperation. The investigation puts forward a variety of pedagogical strategies, namely practical case-based pedagogy, interactive teaching modalities, group deliberation approaches, classroom exhibition techniques, the fostering of professional capabilities, and multifaceted teaching methodologies. Through the implementation of a classroom teaching paradigm founded on "industry, profession and vocation" in the Big Data and Financial Management discipline of the vocational university, it endeavors to enhance students' practical operational proficiency, professional development, eagerness, and impetus for learning. This paradigm also augments the instructional standard and students' overall caliber. The paper culminates by advocating for the extensive dissemination of this teaching modality, while underlining the significance of aligning course content with industrial requisites, refreshing teaching approaches, fortifying the collaboration with enterprises, and concentrating on students' individualized growth. It is anticipated that this methodology will breed high-caliber professionals and make contributions to the local economic expansion and social advancement.
The origin, application and prospect of the expressive therapy continuum (ETC)
Authors: Niu Xiaohan
Published: February 2025

With the rapid urbanization and economic development in China, mental health problems are becoming increasingly serious, especially in urban areas, where work and life pressures are huge, while in rural areas, mental health problems are more serious due to the lack of resources. Existing interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) have limitations in cultural adaptation and wide application, and it is difficult to fully meet the needs of the Chinese public. The expressive therapy continuum (ETC), as a multi-level art therapy model, helps patients release emotions, express feelings, and promote mental health through art activities at the levels of kinesthetic/sensory, perceptual/emotional, and cognitive/symbolic. The flexibility and creativity of ETC enable it to better adapt to different cultural backgrounds, especially in combining traditional Chinese art forms such as calligraphy and painting, to develop treatment methods that are more in line with local culture. In order to better promote ETC, it is necessary to strengthen professional training and public education, cultivate art therapists that meet international standards, and enhance the public's awareness and acceptance of ETC. Through these measures, ETC is expected to play an important role in China's mental health field, make up for the shortcomings of existing treatment methods, and comprehensively promote the mental health development of the Chinese public. This innovative art therapy method can not only adapt to China's actual background, but also effectively deal with the psychological problems of the masses.
Analysis to Evaluate the Improvements and Obstacles of Data-Driven Decision-Making in Organisations
Authors: R. P. Ambilwade, Associate Professor  , Supriya Goutam, Assistant Professor
Published: February 2025

This study explores the comparative effectiveness of traditional versus data-driven decision-making in management, focusing on the transition from intuition-based approaches to data-informed strategies. With digital transformation accelerating the availability and use of data, managers are increasingly tasked with integrating data analytics, AI, and ML into their decision processes. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach, incorporating a literature review, case study analysis, surveys of managers, and expert interviews to examine both decision-making approaches across various industries. Results reveal that DDDM offers substantial advantages over traditional methods in terms of accuracy, speed, and scalability, particularly in large organizations where decision-making complexity demands precision and adaptability. However, challenges such as data quality issues, high infrastructure costs, privacy concerns, and a notable gap in data literacy often hinder the successful implementation of DDDM. Findings from expert interviews highlight best practices for DDDM adoption, including investment in data quality, data literacy training, and ethical data usage guidelines to foster a data-driven culture within organizations. The study concludes that an optimal approach combines the strengths of both traditional and data-driven methods, leveraging data insights while retaining the context-driven judgment of experienced managers. This hybrid model enables organizations to balance scalability with nuanced decision-making, fostering sustainable growth in a dynamic business environment. Recommendations include strategic investments in data infrastructure, cross-functional collaboration, and an emphasis on ethical data practices. Future research could further examine industry-specific adaptations and the role of organizational culture in data adoption, as these factors significantly influence the success of DDDM initiatives. This research provides valuable insights for managers seeking to enhance decision quality and operational agility by integrating data-driven approaches into their strategic processes.
Multi-Method Non-Destructive Testing for Improving Bridge Health using AI for Proactive Structural Health and Predictive Maintenance
Authors: Mohmad Kashif Quresh  , Shweta Sehrawat
Published: February 2025

Aging bridge infrastructure poses a growing challenge to public safety, resource management, and structural integrity, highlighting the urgent need for effective, non-invasive monitoring solutions. Traditional inspection methods often lack the accuracy, efficiency, and real-time capabilities required for proactive maintenance. This study examines four non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques—Ultrasonic Testing (UT), Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR), Infrared Thermography (IRT), and Acoustic Emissions (AET)—to evaluate their respective strengths, limitations, and suitability for detecting various types of bridge deterioration. By testing each method on multiple bridge structures, we assess accuracy in detecting cracks, voids, and other common issues. Findings indicate that UT is highly effective for internal flaw detection, GPR for subsurface conditions, IRT for surface degradation, and AET for realtime crack monitoring. To overcome the limitations of single method monitoring, this study further explores a multi-method NDT system that combines all four techniques. Our integrated model significantly improves detection accuracy by leveraging the unique strengths of each method, enabling a more comprehensive assessment of bridge health. Additionally, artificial intelligence (AI) enhances this system’s predictive capabilities, offering real-time analysis and enabling predictive maintenance. Through AI-driven data fusion, infrastructure managers can shift from reactive to proactive strategies, thereby reducing maintenance costs, improving resource allocation, and extending bridge lifespan. Field trials demonstrate the integrated system’s potential to provide early-stage issue detection, enhance structural resilience, and promote long-term infrastructure sustainability. This combined approach provides a forward-looking solution for bridge management, supporting public safety and sustainable maintenance practices.
The Role of Poor Leadership, Ineffective Teaching Methods, and Low Staff Expectations in School Ineffectiveness: Case of Government Schools of Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Rafique Nisar , Rehman Faisal , Humera Rahman
Published: February 2025

The effectiveness and efficiency of an educational system are crucial for ensuring quality teaching and student success. However, government schools in Punjab, Pakistan face significant challenges due to poor leadership, outdated teaching methods, and low staff expectations, which contribute to school ineffectiveness. This study investigates the impact of these factors, emphasizing the mediating role of low staff expectations in school inefficiency. A quantitative research design was employed, collecting data from 385 high school teachers across 38 schools in the five divisions of Punjab: Lahore, Faisalabad, Multan, Rawalpindi, and Bahawalpur. To examine relationships among variables, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using Smart PLS 4 was utilized, allowing for a robust analysis of both direct and indirect effects.
The findings indicate that poor leadership (B = 0.42, p < 0.001) and ineffective teaching methods (B = 0.35, p < 0.001) significantly contribute to low staff expectations, leading to reduced teacher motivation and engagement. Mediation analysis confirmed that low staff expectations act as a critical link, with poor leadership (B = 0.31, p < 0.001) and ineffective teaching (B = 0.275, p < 0.001) lowering expectations, thereby increasing school ineffectiveness (B = 0.45, p < 0.001). The model explained 64% of the variance in school ineffectiveness (R² = 0.64), highlighting the substantial role of leadership, teaching practices, and staff expectations in determining educational outcomes.
This study provides strong empirical evidence supporting the need for leadership development programs, pedagogical improvements, and professional development initiatives to cultivate a high-expectation culture in schools. Future research should explore additional factors such as parental involvement, student motivation, and resource availability to develop a more comprehensive framework for improving school effectiveness, particularly in low-resource educational settings.
Identity and Alienation after 9/11 in the Reluctant Fundamentalist by Mohsin Hamid
Authors: Nawaz Abdul Haq , Hanif Raja Kokab
Published: February 2025

The metamorphosis of Changez, the main character in Mohsin Hamid's The Reluctant Fundamentalist, following 9/11 is the main emphasis of this paper, which examines the issues of identity and alienation in the book. It examines how the attacks disrupted the cultural and personal identities of immigrants in America, leading to a crises of belonging. By analyzing Changez’s narrative, the paper highlights the effects of ethnical profiling, xenophobia, and global politics on individual and collective identity. It comes to the conclusion that the book offers a moving analysis of the divisive views of the post-9/11 world and how they affect transnational identities. A strong theoretical foundation for examining the Alienation and identity through the lens of Hamid's narrative is provided by Edward Said's Orientalism. It examines Changez's own metamorphosis as a microcosm of the greater experience of immigrants in this time period. The book highlights the isolation, power and simplistic stereotypes.
The Influence of Digitalization on Financial Management: Opportunities and Challenges for Modern Companies
Authors: Yansi Melvi , Paranita Ekayana Sangkasari , Timisela Stephanny Inagama
Published: February 2025

Digitalization has changed the paradigm of modern financial management, creating opportunities to improve efficiency, transparency, and data-driven decision-making. This transformation enables the automation of financial processes through technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), blockchain, and big data analytics, which improve accuracy and speed in cash flow management and risk mitigation. However, on the other hand, digitalization also brings significant challenges, including cybersecurity risks, digital financial regulatory compliance, and a digital skills gap among the workforce. This study aims to analyze the impact of digitalization on the financial management of modern companies, focusing on the opportunities and challenges that arise in its implementation. The method used in this study is a literature study that reviews various previous studies on the application of digitalization in the company's financial system. Data sources come from indexed academic journals, reports from international financial institutions, as well as relevant official documents. The results show that digitalization contributes to improving operational efficiency, reducing transaction costs, and optimizing financial risk management. However, the main challenges found are the need for stricter data security policies, compliance with global regulations related to digital finance, and the readiness of human resources to adopt new technologies. Therefore, risk mitigation strategies and strengthening digital literacy are key in ensuring the success of digital transformation in financial management.
Avoimella Apollonia-tiedelehdellä vaikuttavuutta hammaslääketieteen tutkimukseen
Authors: Parikka Mataleena , Nihtilä Annamari
Published: February 2025

Suomen Hammaslääkäriseura Apollonian strategian keskeinen tavoite vuosina 2024–2028 on avoimen tiedejulkaisutoiminnan kehittäminen. Nyt olemme saavuttaneet ensimmäisen etapin: luet parhaillaan ensimmäistä suomalaista avointa ja digitaalista hammaslääketieteellistä tiedelehteä. Apolloniassa tunnelma on innostunut, ja ajatuksemme palaavat 120 vuoden taakse aikaan, jolloin seuramme julkaisutoiminta sai alkunsa.
Still Here
Authors: Gustavsen Madsø Kristine , Nordhus Inger Hilde
Published: February 2025

Following the completion of a clinical research project assessing music therapy for home-dwelling people with dementia and their significant other, we developed an interactive photo exhibition, “Still here,” that was launched on World Alzheimer´s Day, September 21st, 2021, in the city center of Bergen. We aimed to communicate to the local citizens how music may facilitate experiences of positive identity and relational mutuality for people with dementia and their significant others. Stereotypes about loss and decline still characterize the mainstream discourse of dementia. Myths, misconceptions, and stigma are associated with dementia and have a significant impact on the people who live with the condition. We aimed to portray a different narrative of dementia to the public, a narrative of resilience and creative capacity—and, in so doing, to knowingly recuperate and communicate the idea of psychological resilience in contradistinction to the neoliberal constructions of this concept. We intended to reflect a perspective closer to how individuals describe or experience living with dementia. This paper tells the story of how the exhibition was developed to disseminate the findings of our research project, elaborating on the challenges current narratives on dementia present in our field and how the photographs became narrators of another story of dementia.
Formation of time representations in preschoolers and younger schoolchildren through robotics
Authors: Markova Nadezhda Grigor'evna , Kudasheva Aleksandra  Alekseevna
Published: February 2025

The relevance of the study is due to the need to improve the methods of forming temporal representations in preschoolers and younger schoolchildren, which plays a fundamental role in the development of cognitive abilities and the organization of their daily activities. Modern educational technologies, in particular, robotics, provide additional opportunities for mastering time categories in a visually effective form. The authors of this article pay special attention to the creation of a systematization of options for the use of robotic tools during the formation of time representations in preschool and primary school age children. This systematization was based on the analysis of modern psychological and pedagogical literature on the research problem. The aim of the empirical part of the study is to identify the impact of robotics classes on the development of time representations in preschoolers and younger schoolchildren. The subject of the research is the process of forming time representations in preschoolers and younger schoolchildren through robotics. The methodology is based on a comprehensive approach presented by a theoretical analysis of psychological and pedagogical concepts of the development of temporal thinking, as well as empirical methods (observation, experimental modeling). The novelty of the work lies in substantiating the role of the characterized technique as an effective tool for the formation of basic time categories in children, which expands the understanding of methods of cognitive development at an early age. The results of an empirical study have shown that conducting educational classes based on robotics has a positive effect on the development of time representations and search planning skills in preschool and primary school age. The use of the studied resources helps to understand the sequence of events, cause-and-effect relationships, and the duration of time intervals. The results show that the use of robotic technologies not only increases the effectiveness of knowledge acquisition, but also develops cognitive abilities. This makes the described method a very significant direction in psychological and pedagogical practice.
The asymmetric expression of HSPA2 in blastomeres governs the first embryonic cell-fate decision
Authors: Gao Jiayin , Wang Jiawei , Liu Shiyu , Song Jinzhu , Zhang Chuanxin , Liu Boyang , Wu Keliang
Published: February 2025

The first cell-fate decision is the process by which cells of an embryo take on distinct lineage identities for the first time, thus representing the beginning of developmental patterning. Here, we demonstrate that the molecular chaperone heat shock protein A2 (HSPA2), a member of the 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) family, is asymmetrically expressed in the late 2-cell stage of mouse embryos. The knockdown of
Hspa2
in one of the 2-cell blastomeres prevented its progeny predominantly toward the inner cell mass (ICM) fate. In contrast, the overexpression of
Hspa2
in one of the two-cell blastomeres did not induce blastomeres to differentiate towards the ICM fate. Furthermore, we demonstrated that HSPA2 interacts with CARM1 and its levels correlate with ICM-associated genes and that it interacts with the CARM1. Collectively, our results identify HSPA2 as a critical early regulator of the first cell-fate decision in mammalian 2-cell embryos.
Emerging cooperativity between Oct4 and Sox2 governs the pluripotency network in early mouse embryos
Authors: Hou Yanlin , Nie Zhengwen , Jiang Qi , Velychko Sergiy , Heising Sandra , Bedzhov Ivan , Wu Guangming , Adachi Kenjiro , Scholer Hans R
Published: February 2025

During the first lineage segregation, mammalian embryos generate the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE). ICM gives rise to the epiblast (EPI) that forms all cell types of the body, an ability referred to as pluripotency. The molecular mechanisms that induce pluripotency in embryos remain incompletely elucidated. Using knockout (KO) mouse models in conjunction with low-input ATAC-seq and RNA-seq, we found that Oct4 and Sox2 gradually come into play in the early ICM, coinciding with the initiation of Sox2 expression. Oct4 and Sox2 activate the pluripotency-related genes through the putative OCT-SOX enhancers in the early ICM. Furthermore, we observed a substantial reorganization of chromatin landscape and transcriptome from the morula to the early ICM stages, which was partially driven by Oct4 and Sox2, highlighting their pivotal role in promoting the developmental trajectory toward the ICM. Our study provides new insights into the establishment of the pluripotency network in mouse preimplantation embryos.
Intrinsic dynamic shapes responses to external stimulation in the human brain
Authors: Nentwich Maximilian , Leszczynski Marcin , Schroeder Charles E , Bickel Stephan , Parra Lucas C
Published: February 2025

Sensory stimulation of the brain reverberates in its recurrent neuronal networks. However, current computational models of brain activity do not separate immediate sensory responses from intrinsic recurrent dynamics. We apply a vector-autoregressive model with external input (VARX), combining the concepts of “functional connectivity” and “encoding models”, to intracranial recordings in humans. We find that the recurrent connectivity during rest is largely unaltered during movie watching. The intrinsic recurrent dynamic enhances and prolongs the neural responses to scene cuts, eye movements, and sounds. Failing to account for these exogenous inputs, leads to spurious connections in the intrinsic “connectivity”. The model shows that an external stimulus can reduce intrinsic noise. It also shows that sensory areas have mostly outward, whereas higher-order brain areas mostly incoming connections. We conclude that the response to an external audiovisual stimulus can largely be attributed to the intrinsic dynamic of the brain, already observed during rest.
Gain neuromodulation mediates task-relevant perceptual switches: evidence from pupillometry, fMRI, and RNN Modelling
Authors: Wainstein Gabriel , Whyte Christopher J , Martens Kaylena A Ehgoetz , Müller Eli J , Medel Vicente , Anderson Britt , Stöttinger Elisabeth , Danckert James , Munn Brandon R , Shine James M
Published: February 2025

Perceptual updating has been hypothesized to rely on a network reset modulated by bursts of ascending neuromodulatory neurotransmitters, such as noradrenaline, abruptly altering the brain’s susceptibility to changing sensory activity. To test this hypothesis at a large-scale, we analysed an ambiguous figures task using pupillometry and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Behaviourally, qualitative shifts in the perceptual interpretation of an ambiguous image were associated with peaks in pupil diameter, an indirect readout of phasic bursts in neuromodulatory tone. We further hypothesized that stimulus ambiguity drives neuromodulatory tone leading to heightened neural gain, hastening perceptual switches. To explore this hypothesis computationally, we trained a recurrent neural network (RNN) on an analogous perceptual categorisation task, allowing gain to change dynamically with classification uncertainty. As predicted, higher gain accelerated perceptual switching by transiently destabilizing the network’s dynamical regime in periods of maximal uncertainty. We leveraged a low-dimensional readout of the RNN dynamics, to develop two novel macroscale predictions: perceptual switches should occur with peaks in low-dimensional brain state velocity and with a flattened egocentric energy landscape. Using fMRI we confirmed these predictions, highlighting the role of the neuromodulatory system in the large-scale network reconfigurations mediating adaptive perceptual updates.
A secure healthcare data transmission based on synchronization of fractional order chaotic systems
Authors: Suzelan Amir Nur Afiqah , Abd Latiff Fatin Nabila , Wong Kok Bin , Mior Othman Wan Ainun
Published: February 2025

The transmission of healthcare data plays a vital role in cities worldwide, facilitating access to patient’s health information across healthcare systems and contributing to the enhancement of care services. Ensuring secure healthcare transmission requires that the transmitted data be reliable. However, verifying this reliability can potentially compromise patient privacy. Given the sensitive nature of health information, preserving privacy remains a paramount concern in healthcare systems. In this work, we present a novel secure communication scheme that leverages a chaos cryptosystem to address the critical concerns of reliability and privacy in healthcare data transmission. Chaos-based cryptosystems are particularly well-suited for such applications due to their inherent sensitivity to initial conditions, which significantly enhances resistance to adversarial violations. This property makes the chaos-based approach highly effective in ensuring the security of sensitive healthcare data. The proposed chaos cryptosystem in this work is built upon the synchronization of fractional-order chaotic systems with varying structures and orders. The synchronization between the primary system (PS) and the secondary system (SS) is achieved through the application of Lyapunov stability theory. For the encryption and decryption of sensitive healthcare data, the scheme employs the n-shift encryption principle. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the key space was conducted to ensure the scheme’s robustness against potential attacks. Numerical simulations were also performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Climate change and tree cover loss affect the habitat suitability of Cedrela angustifolia: evaluating climate vulnerability and conservation in Andean montane forests
Authors: Ames-Martínez Fressia N. , Capcha Romero Ivan , Guerra Anthony , Inga Guillen Janet Gaby , Quispe-Melgar Harold Rusbelth , Galeano Esteban , Rodríguez-Ramírez Ernesto C.
Published: February 2025

Background

Because of illegal logging, habitat fragmentation, and high value timber Andean montane forest Cedrela species (such as Cedrela angustifolia), is endangered in Central and South America. Studying the effects of climate change and tree cover loss on the distribution of C. angustifolia will help us to understand the climatic and ecological sensitivity of this species and suggest conservation and restoration strategies.

Methods

Using ecological niche modeling with two algorithms (maximum entropy (MaxEnt) and Random Forest) under the ecological niche conservatism approach, we generated 16,920 models with different combinations of variables and parameters. We identified suitable areas for C. angustifolia trees under present and future climate scenarios (2040, 2070, and 2100 with SSP 3-7.0 and SSP 5-8.5), tree cover loss, and variables linked to soil and topography.

Results

Our results demonstrated 10 environmental variables with high percentage contributions and permutation importance; for example, precipitation seasonality exhibited the highest contribution to the current and future distribution of Cedrela angustifolia. The potential present distribution was estimated as 13,080 km2with tree cover loss and 16,148.5 km2without tree cover loss. From 2040 to 2100 the species distribution will decrease (from 22.16% to 36.88% with tree cover loss variation). The results indicated that Bolivia displayed higher habitat suitability than Ecuador, Peru, and Argentina. Finally, we recommend developing conservation management strategies that consider both protected and unprotected areas as well as the impact of land-use changes to improve the persistence of C. angustifolia in the future.
Exploring molecular variation and combining ability of local and exotic bread wheat genotypes under well-watered and drought conditions
Authors: Motawei Mohamed I. , Kamara Mohamed M. , Rehan Medhat
Published: February 2025

Drought is one of the most environmental stressors, significantly affecting wheat production, particularly in the face of accelerating climate change. Therefore, developing drought-resistant, high-yielding wheat varieties is essential to ensure sustainable production and maintain global food security as the world population rapidly grows. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic variation of local and imported bread wheat genotypes through simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and assess their combining ability to identify top-performing genotypes under both normal and drought-stress environments. SSR markers revealed significant genetic diversity among the parental genotypes, which were utilized to develop 28 F1 crosses utilizing diallel mating design. Field trials under well-watered and drought-stressed environments demonstrated that drought significantly reduced all measured agronomic traits. The genotypes were categorized into five clusters based on their drought tolerance, ranging from highly sensitive (group-E) to robustly drought-resistant (group-A). The local variety Sids-12 (P2) was identified as an excellent combiner for breeding shorter and early-maturing cultivars and Line-117 (P3), Line-144 (P4), and Line-123 (P5) for improving grain yield and related traits under drought conditions. The crosses P1×P5, P3×P8, P4×P5, and P6×P7 possessed superior performance under both conditions. Key traits, including plant height, grains per spike, 1,000-grain weight, and spikes per plant, displayed strong correlations with grain yield, providing an effective approach for indirect selection in drought-prone environments.
Management of Hepatitis B with Siddha Medicine: A Case Report
Authors: Chinraji Eswaran , Varatharaju Elakkiyaa , Rengaraju Manickavasagam , Muthiah Kannan
Published: February 2025

Hepatitis B is a viral disease that causes acute and chronic liver diseases. The Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infects more than 300 million people worldwide, and over 686 billion people die every year due to its consequences. Present case is of a 59-year-old male patient with positive Hepatitis B envelope Antigen (HBeAg) and a remarkably high viral load of HBV Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) presented as a previously diagnosed case of chronic hepatitis. He came to the Outpatient Department (OPD) Siddha Clinical Research Unit (SCRU) with complaints of loss of appetite, abdominal discomfort, malaise and constipation. Based on his symptoms, supported by blood investigation reports and Siddha parameters, internal medicines such as Elathy Chooranam, Silasatthu Parpam, Ayabringaraaja Karppam, Saanthachandrodaya Maathirai, Keezhanelli Maathirai, and Nilavembu Kudineer were prescribed. The effects of the treatment modalities were monitored during follow-up with routine blood examinations. After six months of treatment, the HBV viral load reduced from 203,000,000 IU/mL to 125.89 IU/mL, and HBeAg became non reactive. The reported case had a prospective follow-up for six months and was found to be free of all clinical symptoms. It is evident that Siddha medicine shows a decrease in the level of HBV DNA viral load, delays the hepatocyte damage caused by the HBV, and has proved to have no side-effects at a lower cost. Since this study was based on a single case, further randomised controlled clinical trials need to be conducted with a larger population.