bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Auditory Processing and Speech-Sound Disorders
Authors: Drosos Konstantinos , Papanicolaou Alexandra , Voniati Louiza , Panayidou Klea , Thodi Chryssoula
Published: March 2024

Background: Speech-sound disorders (SSD) have been linked to auditory processing difficulties, and auditory processing disorders (APD) have been related to phonological awareness and literacy development. To this date, there has not been a systematic literature review investigating the results of psychophysiology and language assessments related to SSD and APD in children. Methods: The literature search was conducted in PubMed, Medline EBSCO, and Scopus to identify studies with children diagnosed/suspected of having APDs and SSDs. The quality of methodology in the selected articles was evaluated with the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Results: Seven out of 378 relevant studies met the selection criteria. The findings were summarized for children with SSD and APD based on (a) metalinguistic and literacy skills, (b) cognitive abilities, and (c) temporal processing abilities. Three articles indicated that children with APD and SSD exhibit lower temporal task accuracy and reaction time. In two studies, children with SSD exhibited lower scores in discrimination, sequencing, and recall of brief stimuli in rapid succession. Conclusions: This review revealed associations between SSD severity and APD that may underline low performance in metalinguistic skills. Diagnostic assessments have been proposed based on the review to adequately identify children with SSD and APD and provide useful information for more suitable intervention.
Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy by the Hugo Robotic-Assisted Surgery (RAS) System and the da Vinci System: A Comparison between the Two Platforms
Authors: Ou Hsien-Che , Marian Lucian , Li Ching-Chia , Juan Yung-Shun , Tung Min-Che , Shih Hung-Jen , Chang Chin-Po , Chen Jian-Ting , Yang Che-Hsueh , Ou Yen-Chuan
Published: March 2024

Objective: In a previous study, we proved that an experienced urologist is more likely to adapt to the Hugo RAS system. Based on this, we further examine various parameters in this study. Parameters included in this study consisted of console time, functional outcomes, and oncological outcomes. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 patients who underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) performed by a single surgeon using the da Vinci (DV) system (n = 30) or the Hugo RAS system (n = 30) between March 2023 and August 2023 were included in the analysis. The intraoperative operative time was categorized into vesicourethral anastomosis time and overall console time. Functional and oncological outcomes were documented at the 1st and 3rd postoperative months. Parametric and non-parametric methods were adopted after checking skewness and kurtosis, and an α value of 5% was used to determine the significance. Results: The vesicourethral anastomosis time was significantly lengthened (Hedge’s g: 0.87; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.34–1.39; J factor = 0.987). However, the overall console time was not affected. The functional (postoperative 3rd month: p = 0.130) and oncological outcomes (postoperative 3rd month: p = 0.103) were not significantly different. We also found that the adverse effect on surgical specimens and positive surgical margins was not affected (p = 0.552). Conclusion: During the process of adaptation, although intricate motions (such as the vesicourethral anastomosis time) would be lengthened, the overall console time would not change remarkably. In this process, the functional and oncological outcomes would not be compromised. This encourages urologists to adopt the Hugo RAS system in RARP if they have previous experiences of using the DV system, since their trifecta advantage would not be compromised.
Clinical Workflow of Cone Beam Computer Tomography-Based Daily Online Adaptive Radiotherapy with Offline Magnetic Resonance Guidance: The Modular Adaptive Radiotherapy System (MARS)
Authors: Kim Ji-Young , Tawk Bouchra , Knoll Maximilian , Hoegen-Saßmannshausen Philipp , Liermann Jakob , Huber Peter , Lifferth Mona , Lang Clemens , Häring Peter , Gnirs Regula , Jäkel Oliver , Schlemmer Heinz-Peter , Debus Jürgen , Hörner-Rieber Juliane , Weykamp Fabian
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The Ethos (Varian Medical Systems) radiotherapy device combines semi-automated anatomy detection and plan generation for cone beam computer tomography (CBCT)-based daily online adaptive radiotherapy (oART). However, CBCT offers less soft tissue contrast than magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This work aims to present the clinical workflow of CBCT-based oART with shuttle-based offline MR guidance. Methods: From February to November 2023, 31 patients underwent radiotherapy on the Ethos (Varian, Palo Alto, CA, USA) system with machine learning (ML)-supported daily oART. Moreover, patients received weekly MRI in treatment position, which was utilized for daily plan adaptation, via a shuttle-based system. Initial and adapted treatment plans were generated using the Ethos treatment planning system. Patient clinical data, fractional session times (MRI + shuttle transport + positioning, adaptation, QA, RT delivery) and plan selection were assessed for all fractions in all patients. Results: In total, 737 oART fractions were applied and 118 MRIs for offline MR guidance were acquired. Primary sites of tumors were prostate (n = 16), lung (n = 7), cervix (n = 5), bladder (n = 1) and endometrium (n = 2). The treatment was completed in all patients. The median MRI acquisition time including shuttle transport and positioning to initiation of the Ethos adaptive session was 53.6 min (IQR 46.5–63.4). The median total treatment time without MRI was 30.7 min (IQR 24.7–39.2). Separately, median adaptation, plan QA and RT times were 24.3 min (IQR 18.6–32.2), 0.4 min (IQR 0.3–1,0) and 5.3 min (IQR 4.5–6.7), respectively. The adapted plan was chosen over the scheduled plan in 97.7% of cases. Conclusion: This study describes the first workflow to date of a CBCT-based oART combined with a shuttle-based offline approach for MR guidance. The oART duration times reported resemble the range shown by previous publications for first clinical experiences with the Ethos system.
Reviewing the Landscape of Cancer Survivorship: Insights from Dr. Lidia Schapira’s Programs and Beyond
Authors: Cortiana Viviana , Abbas Rabab Hunaid , Nadar Soumiya , Mahendru Diksha , Gambill Jade , Menon Gayathri Pramil , Park Chandler H. , Leyfman Yan
Published: March 2024

The constantly escalating population of cancer survivors worldwide has prompted a focused exploration of their unique needs and experiences within the context of healthcare medicine. This review initiates its analysis inspired by Dr. Lidia Schapira’s insightful keynote conference on the Survivorship 1.0 and Survivorship 2.0 Programs, shedding light on their implementation challenges and setting the stage for a comprehensive analysis of cancer survivorship initiatives. Within the transformed landscape of cancer care, patient-centric strategies embedded in cancer survivorship programs comprising vital elements such as connection, support, and education are presented. While placing cancer recurrence surveillance at the forefront, the review underlines concern regarding the potential oversight of the enduring impact on mental and physical health. Dr. Schapira’s insights further extend into the exploration of mental health challenges faced by survivors, promoting an examination of diverse strategies to address these concerns. Furthermore, the discussion continues toward promising areas of research, notably Precision Medicine’s role in de-escalating cancer therapies, and advocates for measures such as early cancer awareness and timely referrals to supportive services. Highlighting the significance of education, the role of online resources in enhancing the knowledge of healthcare practitioners and future generations in cancer care is then explored. The paper concludes by presenting some of the most prominent global current survivorship programs, identifying critical knowledge gaps in cancer care and projecting future developments aimed at delivering accurate and holistic care, improving the quality of life for survivors, and enhancing both mental and physical well-being. Drawing upon the insights from Dr. Schapira, this review lays the groundwork for a nuanced exploration of cancer survivorship and its multifaceted implications.
In-Hospital Mortality and Associated Factors among Colorectal Cancer Patients in Germany
Authors: Kostev Karel , Krieg Sarah , Krieg Andreas , Luedde Tom , Loosen Sven H. , Roderburg Christoph
Published: March 2024

Background: In the present study, we used the data from 14 hospitals to systematically evaluate the in-hospital mortality of patients with colorectal cancer as well as its influencing factors in Germany. Methods: This multicenter cross-sectional study included hospitalized patients with a main diagnosis of colorectal cancers in the period between January 2019 and July 2023. The outcome of the study was the prevalence of in-hospital mortality. To access the associations between demographic and clinical variables and in-hospital mortality, univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results: A total of 4146 colorectal cancer patients (mean age: 70.9 years; 45.3% female) were included. The in-hospital mortality rate was 8.7%. In a multivariable regression, seven variables were significantly associated with an increased in-hospital mortality, including ages of 71–80 years (OR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.01–4.29), an age group >80 years (OR: 2.44; 95% CI: 1.18–5.05) as compared to an age group ≤ 50 years, patient clinical-complexity level (PCCL) 3 (OR: 3.01 95% CI: 1.81–4.99) and PCCL 4 (OR: 3.76; 95% CI: 2.22–6.38) as compared to PCCL 0, the presence of distant metastases (OR: 4.95; 95% CI: 3.79–6.48), renal failure (OR: 2.38; 95% CI: 1.80–3.14), peritonitis (OR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.23–2.85), acute posthemorrhagic anemia (OR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.11–2.15), and respiratory failure (OR: 3.28; 95% CI: 2.44–4.41). Conclusions: Our findings underscore the critical role of renal failure, peritonitis, acute posthemorrhagic anemia, and respiratory failure in influencing the mortality outcomes of colorectal cancer patients during hospitalization. The awareness and management of these risk factors may guide clinicians in formulating targeted interventions to improve patient outcomes and enhance the quality of care for individuals with colorectal cancer.
Insight into Iron, Oxidative Stress and Ferroptosis: Therapy Targets for Approaching Anticancer Strategies
Authors: Piccolo Marialuisa , Ferraro Maria Grazia , Iazzetti Federica , Santamaria Rita , Irace Carlo
Published: March 2024

Based on the multifaceted molecular machinery that tightly controls iron cellular homeostasis, this review delves into its paradoxical, potentially dangerous role in biological systems, with a special focus on double-edged sword correlations with cancer. Indeed, though iron is a vital micronutrient and a required cofactor participating in several essential cell functions, its tendency to cause oxidative stress can be related both to cancer risk and to the activation of cancer cell death pathways. In this scenario, ferroptosis refers to an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death (RCD) powered by an overload of lethal peroxides sharing distinctive oxidized phospholipid profiles. As a unique cell death pathway, ferroptosis is both morphologically and mechanistically different from other types of programmed cell death involving executioner family proteins. The accumulation of cytotoxic lipid peroxides encompasses a cellular antagonism between ferroptosis execution and defense systems, with iron-dependent death occurring when ferroptosis-promoting activities significantly exceed the cellular antioxidant defenses. The most recent molecular breakthroughs in the execution of ferroptosis have aroused great consideration in tumor biology, as targeting ferroptosis can provide new tools for exploring therapeutic strategies for tumor suppression. Mutations and death/survival pathway alterations, as well as distinctive metabolic regulations of cancer cells, including the propensity to generate ROS, are seen as features that can render cancer cells unprotected to ferroptosis, thereby exposing vulnerabilities which deserve further attention to be regarded as targetable for cancers with limited therapeutic options.
Driver Abnormal Expression Detection Method Based on Improved Lightweight YOLOv5
Authors: Yao Keming , Wang Zhongzhou , Guo Fuao , Li Feng
Published: March 2024

The rapid advancement of intelligent assisted driving technology has significantly enhanced transportation convenience in society and contributed to the mitigation of traffic safety hazards. Addressing the potential for drivers to experience abnormal physical conditions during the driving process, an enhanced lightweight network model based on YOLOv5 for detecting abnormal facial expressions of drivers is proposed in this paper. Initially, the lightweighting of the YOLOv5 backbone network is achieved by integrating the FasterNet Block, a lightweight module from the FasterNet network, with the C3 module in the main network. This combination forms the C3-faster module. Subsequently, the original convolutional modules in the YOLOv5 model are replaced with the improved GSConvns module to reduce computational load. Building upon the GSConvns module, the VoV-GSCSP module is constructed to ensure the lightweighting of the neck network while maintaining detection accuracy. Finally, channel pruning and fine-tuning operations are applied to the entire model. Channel pruning involves removing channels with minimal impact on output results, further reducing the model’s computational load, parameters, and size. The fine-tuning operation compensates for any potential loss in detection accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves a substantial reduction in both parameter count and computational load while maintaining a high detection accuracy of 84.5%. The improved model has a compact size of only 4.6 MB, making it more conducive to the efficient operation of onboard computers.
Novel MYH7 Variant in the Neonate of a Mother with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Showing Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Noncompaction
Authors: Ozawa Sayaka W , Inomata Satomi , Hata Yukiko , Takarada Shinya , Okabe Mako , Nakaoka Hideyuki , Ibuki Keijiro , Nishida Naoki , Ichida Fukiko , Hirono Keiichi
Published: March 2024

Background: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a well-recognized cardiac dysfunction in infants of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a cardiomyopathy that is morphologically characterized by numerous prominent trabeculations and deep intertrabecular recesses on cardiovascular imaging. However, there have been no case reports on neonates of mothers with GDM showing LVH and LVNC. Case presentation: A patient, with LVH of a mother with GDM, was delivered at 36 weeks of gestation. Prominent trabeculations in the LV, suggesting LVNC, instead of LVH, were apparent 1 week after birth. A heterozygous deletion variant in the MYH7 gene (NM_000257.4: c.1090T>C, p.Phe364Leu) was discovered through genetic testing using a cardiomyopathy-associated gene panel in the patient and his father and the older brother who had LVNC. The patient is now 5 years old and does not have major cardiac events, although LVNC persisted. This is the first case of LVH secondary to a mother with GDM and LVNC with a novel variant in the MYH7 gene. Conclusion: Genetic testing should be conducted to obtain an accurate outcome and medical care in a patient with LVH and subsequently prominent hypertrabeculation in the LV.
Quantum-Mechanical Modelling of Asymmetric Opinion Polarisation in Social Networks
Authors: Maksymov Ivan S. , Pogrebna Ganna
Published: March 2024

We propose a quantum-mechanical model that represents a human system of beliefs as the quantised energy levels of a physical system. This model represents a novel perspective on opinion dynamics, recreating a broad range of experimental and real-world data that exhibit an asymmetry of opinion radicalisation. In particular, the model demonstrates the phenomena of pronounced conservatism versus mild liberalism when individuals are exposed to opposing views, mirroring recent findings on opinion polarisation via social media exposure. Advancing this model, we establish a robust framework that integrates elements from physics, psychology, behavioural science, decision-making theory, and philosophy. We also emphasise the inherent advantages of the quantum approach over traditional models, suggesting a number of new directions for future research work on quantum-mechanical models of human cognition and decision-making.
Life Table Parameters of the Tomato Leaf Miner Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on Five Tomato Cultivars in China
Authors: Yang Hesen , Zhang Chi , Shen Yuyang , Gao Haifeng , Zhang Guifen , Liu Wanxue , Jiang Hongbo , Zhang Yibo
Published: March 2024

Tomato is the most preferred host plant for Tuta absoluta, a newly emerged devastating invasive pest in China. However, no study has evaluated the damage risk of T. absoluta on processed tomato worldwide. In the current study, the life table parameters of T. absoluta were systematically investigated on five tomato cultivars (one fresh tomato cultivar, four processed tomato cultivars) to determine their susceptibility to T. absoluta infestation. T. absoluta had a better population growth ability on the fresh tomato, “Dafen”, showing shorter duration of the preadult stage, higher lifetime fecundity, and a higher intrinsic rate of increase compared to four processed tomato cultivars. Meanwhile, the life table parameters of T. absoluta among different processed tomato cultivars also showed significant differences. Th9 was the most susceptible to T. absoluta attack, while Th1902, Heinz1015, and Dimen2272 were the least suitable ones for its development and reproduction. In summary, these tomato cultivars are the most recommended for commercial tomato production to reduce the damage caused by T. absoluta and improve the integrated pest management strategy.
A Comprehensive Study on Folate-Targeted Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Loaded with 5-Fluorouracil for the Enhanced Treatment of Gynecological Cancers
Authors: Almomen Aliyah , Alhowyan Adel
Published: March 2024

Background: Gynecological cancers are a significant public health concern, accounting for 40% of all cancer incidence and 30% of deaths in women. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) can be used with chemotherapy to improve treatment in advanced-stage gynecological cancer. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) can improve drug effectiveness and reduce toxicity. Folic acid can target folate receptors in epithelial malignancies like ovarian and cervical cancer. Methods: The mixture of MSN-NH2 was synthesized by dissolving N-lauroylsarcosine sodium in a water–ethanol mixture, adding APTES and TEOS, and heating at 80 °C for 18 h, before being fully characterized. The drug is loaded into a 5-FU solution and functionalized with folate. The drug release mechanism, as well as ex vivo intestinal permeation from MSN-NH2 formulations, was tested. The cell viability study of the nanoparticles was evaluated in various cancer cell lines, and the cellular uptake was measured indirectly using HPLC. Results: The study analyzed the amine content, propylamine loading, and drug loading capacity of MSN-NH2 nanoparticles. It found that the loading of propylamine was around 0.733 mmol/g, and the surface density was 0.81 molecules/nm. The study also showed that the surface decoration of MSN-NH2 with folic acid was successfully achieved. The release rate of 5-FU from MSN-NH2 was slow and controlled, with a slower rate at pH 5.5. The study found that the amin surface functionalization of MSN-NH2 nanoparticles can reduce potential toxicity in ovarian and cervical cancer cells. Conclusions: Based on the results, the encapsulation of 5-FU and functionalization of MSN-NH2 with folic acid can serve as potential carriers for 5-FU in treating gynecological cancer.
Coherent Oscillations in a SrRuO3/BiFeO3 Superlattice
Authors: Ruli Fardiman , Bouyanfif Houssny , Kim Kyungwan
Published: March 2024

We investigated the ultrafast dynamics of a SrRuO3/BiFeO3 superlattice grown on a SrTiO3 substrate using a near infrared pump–probe technique at various temperatures. The superlattice exhibits a ferromagnetic order inherited from the SrRuO3 layer. The pump-induced changes in the reflectivity reveal periodic oscillations. We found that the oscillation frequency can be well explained by zone-folded acoustic phonon oscillations, whose dispersion depends on the sound velocity, density, and thickness within the supercell of each constituent layer. It is found that the observed oscillation frequency corresponds to the A1 mode, which suggests that oscillations are excited due to pump-induced expansion of the SrRuO3 layer that absorbs the pump photon. Temperature-dependent measurements reveal significant suppression of the oscillation amplitude in the ferromagnetic state. The suppressed amplitude is proportional to the square of the magnetization, M(T)2. This phenomenon can be attributed to a strong magnetostriction effect of SrRuO3 that suppresses lattice expansion upon pumping.
Statistical Reliability Analysis of Ultrasonic Velocity Method for Predicting Residual Strength of High-Strength Concrete under High-Temperature Conditions
Authors: Kim Wonchang , Jeong Keesin , Lee Taegyu
Published: March 2024

Herein, we conducted a comprehensive statistical assessment of the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) method’s effectiveness in predicting concrete strength under diverse conditions, specifically early age, middle age, and high-temperature exposure. The concrete mixtures, with water-to-cement (W/C) ratios of 0.33 and 0.28, were classified as granite aggregate or coal-ash aggregate mixes. Compressive strength and UPV measurements were performed under these conditions, and subsequent statistical analyses treated the identified factors as distinct groups. The results revealed a substantial difference in compressive strength between specimens at early age (average of 13.01) and those at middle age (average of 41.96) and after high-temperature exposure (average of 48.08). Conversely, UPV analysis showed an insignificant difference between the early-age specimens and those after high-temperature exposure. The analysis of the W/C ratio and coarse aggregate demonstrated significant differences (p-value < 0.05) in compressive strength between specimens in middle age and those exposed to high temperatures, excluding the early-age specimens. However, UPV analysis revealed insignificant differences, with p-values of 0.67 and 0.38 between specimens at an early age and post-high-temperature exposure, respectively. Regression analysis identified suitable functions for each scenario, emphasizing the importance of a strength prediction model for concrete after high-temperature exposure, particularly considering the W/C ratio. Since concrete showed statistically different compressive strength, UPV, and strength prediction models in three conditions (early age, middle age, and high temperature), different strength prediction models must be used for the purpose of accurately predicting the strength of concrete.
A State-of-the-Art Review on Structural Strengthening Techniques with FRPs: Effectiveness, Shortcomings, and Future Research Directions
Authors: Hammad Muhammad , Bahrami Alireza , Khokhar Sikandar Ali , Khushnood Rao Arsalan
Published: March 2024

In the pursuit of creating more sustainable and resilient structures, the exploration of construction materials and strengthening methodologies is imperative. Traditional methods of relying on steel for strengthening proved to be uneconomical and unsustainable, prompting the investigation of innovative composites. Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs), known for their lightweight and high-strength properties, gained prominence among structural engineers in the 1980s. This period saw the development of novel approaches, such as near-surface mounted and externally bonded reinforcement, for strengthening of concrete structures using FRPs. In recent decades, additional methods, including surface curvilinearization and external prestressing, have been discovered, demonstrating significant additional benefits. While these techniques have shown the enhanced performance, their full potential remains untapped. This article presents a comprehensive review of current approaches employed in the fortification of reinforced cement concrete structures using FRPs. It concludes by identifying key areas that warrant in-depth research to establish a sustainable methodology for structural strengthening, positioning FRPs as an effective replacement for conventional retrofitting materials. This review aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on modern structural strengthening strategies, highlight the properties of FRPs, and propose avenues for future research in this dynamic field.
Development of a Resveratrol Nanoformulation for the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Gonzalez-Perez Juliana , Lopera-Echavarría A. M. , Arevalo-Alquichire Said , Araque-Marín Pedronel , Londoño Martha E.
Published: March 2024

Diabetic retinopathy (RD) is a microvascular disease that can cause the formation of fragile neovessels, increasing the risk of hemorrhages and leading to vision loss. Current therapies are based on the intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), which is invasive and can cause secondary effects. The development of new treatments that complement the current therapies is necessary to improve the patient’s outcomes. Nanostructured formulations offer several advantages regarding drug delivery and penetration. In this research, a resveratrol nanosuspension (RSV-NS) was prepared and characterized using dynamic light scattering, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. The RSV-NS had an average particle size of 304.0 ± 81.21 nm with a PDI of 0.225 ± 0.036, and a spherical-like morphology and uniform particle distribution. Cell viability, proliferation, and migration were tested on endothelial cells (HMRECs). RSV-NS in a concentration of less than 18.75 µM did not have a cytotoxic effect on HMRECs. Likewise, proliferation and migration were significantly reduced compared to the unstimulated control at 37.5 µM. The RSV-NS did not present cytotoxic effects but decreased cell proliferation and migration, indicating that it could provide an important contribution to future medical implementations and could have a high potential to treat this disease.
Valorization of Agro-Wastes as Fillers in PLA-Based Biocomposites for Increasing Sustainability in Fused Deposition Modeling Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Giani Niccolò , Maccaferri Emanuele , Benelli Tiziana , Bovo Marco , Torreggiani Daniele , Campari Enrico Gianfranco , Tassinari Patrizia , Giorgini Loris , Mazzocchetti Laura
Published: March 2024

The use of wheat middlings (WM) and rice husks (RH) as biofillers for mixing with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix to produce new 3D-printable biocomposites was assessed. Filaments containing 10 and 20 wt.% agro-waste-derived biofillers were manufactured and, for the sake of comparison, filaments of neat PLA were also produced. The obtained filaments were characterized via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), showing potential for further application in additive manufacturing processing. Three-dimensionally printed specimens were thus produced and characterized via: DSC, also evaluating the specific heat capacity (CP) of specific 3D-printed specimens; dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), also applied for determining the coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) measured on 3D-printed specimens in two different directions (X and Y); and tensile tests. The latter testing campaign was carried out along three printing directions (X, Y, and Z axes) to test the intrinsic biocomposite features (X-printed samples) as well as interbead and interlayer adhesion (Y- and Z-printed specimens, respectively). All samples demonstrated acceptable properties. The inclusion of a cost-free natural material leads to a strong reduction of the whole material cost. Implementing this new class of composite material to an additive manufacturing technique can significantly reduce the environmental impact of 3D-printed products.
Nano-Innovations in Cancer Therapy: The Unparalleled Potential of MXene Conjugates
Authors: Kulkarni Sanjay , Soman Soji , Navti Prerana D. , Roy Amrita Arup , Nikam Ajinkya Nitin , Vineeth P. , Kulkarni Jahnavi , Shirur Krishnaraj Somayaji , Pandey Abhijeet , George Sajan D. , Mutalik Srinivas
Published: March 2024

MXenes are two-dimensional transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides that have become important materials in nanotechnology because of their remarkable mechanical, electrical, and thermal characteristics. This review emphasizes how crucial MXene conjugates are for several biomedical applications, especially in the field of cancer. These two-dimensional (2D) nanoconjugates with photothermal, chemotherapeutic, and photodynamic activities have demonstrated promise for highly effective and noninvasive anticancer therapy. MXene conjugates, with their distinctive optical capabilities, have been employed for bioimaging and biosensing, and their excellent light-to-heat conversion efficiency makes them perfect biocompatible and notably proficient nanoscale agents for photothermal applications. The synthesis and characterization of MXenes provide a framework for an in-depth understanding of various fabrication techniques and their importance in the customized formation of MXene conjugates. The following sections explore MXene-based conjugates for nanotheranostics and demonstrate their enormous potential for biomedical applications. Nanoconjugates, such as polymers, metals, graphene, hydrogels, biomimetics, quantum dots, and radio conjugates, exhibit unique properties that can be used for various therapeutic and diagnostic applications in the field of cancer nanotheranostics. An additional layer of understanding into the safety concerns of MXene nanoconjugates is provided by detailing their toxicity viewpoints. Furthermore, the review concludes by addressing the opportunities and challenges in the clinical translation of MXene-based nanoconjugates, emphasizing their potential in real-world medical practices.
Two versus Three Infusion Regimens of N-Acetylcysteine for Acetaminophen Overdose
Authors: Tamur Shadi , Alyahya Bader , Alsani Faisal , Bahauddin Ammar Abdulraheem , Aljaid Maryam , Al-Malki Sultan , Alzahrani Ahmad , Khayat Abdullah , Shams Anwar , Chalut Dominic S.
Published: March 2024

Background: Acetaminophen overdose is a common clinical condition, often leading to liver toxicity. Current treatments involve the three-infusion N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) regimen (FDA-labeled), which may be complex, time-consuming, and need to be changed. An alternative uses two infusions instead, which offers possible advantages regarding simplicity and administration errors. This study sought to compare the respective efficacies and safety outcomes when treating acute acetaminophen overdose among children and adolescents. Methods: At Montreal Children’s Hospital, a retrospective study was conducted comparing pre-2003 FDA-labelled three-infusion NAC therapy with a two-infusion regimen. Information was collected regarding patient demographics, NAC administration details, errors, rates of hepatotoxicity, and adverse reactions, and the statistical test Chi-square test was employed to obtain the results. Results: A total of 126 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of these patients, 65 received a two-infusion regimen, and 61 patients received the FDA-labeled regimen. The two-infusion group experienced significantly fewer administration errors (4 errors vs. 23 errors; p < 0.001), while the rates of hepatotoxicity between them were similar. There were no instances of liver transplantation or mortality due to either regimen. Adverse reactions occurred equally frequently between both regimens with no discernible difference—the meantime to administer NAC was 9 h for the two-infusion regimen and 8.5 h for FDA-labeled regimen groups, respectively. Three cases of hepatitis were successfully treated with timely NAC therapy, and no liver transplantation or mortality occurred. Adverse reactions, including anaphylactoid reactions, were observed in both groups but were resolved when temporarily stopped and restarted at a slower infusion rate. Conclusions: The two-infusion NAC regimen proved similar efficacy at protecting liver damage and improving patient outcomes compared to its FDA-labeled three-stage counterpart, with significantly fewer administration errors for this version of NAC treatment, suggesting potential advantages in terms of safety and simplicity. Future research should investigate larger cohorts and more variables to validate these results further and optimize the management of acetaminophen overdose cases; further investigation should focus on dosing strategies, personalized approaches, and long-term patient care in this context.
Utilization and Evaluation of Rice Bran and Rice Bran Wax as a Tablet Lubricant
Authors: Kittipongpatana Ornanong S. , Trisopon Karnkamol , Wattanaarsakit Phanphen , Kittipongpatana Nisit
Published: March 2024

The rice bran and rice bran wax of the KJ CMU107 rice strain were investigated as potential tablet lubricants in a directly compressed tablet formulation. Stabilized full-fatted rice bran (sFFRB), stabilized defatted rice bran (sDFRB), and rice bran wax (RBW) extracted and purified from crude rice bran oil (cRBO) were tested. Two commercial lubricants, including magnesium stearate (MGS) and hydrogenated cottonseed oil (HVO), were employed as the standards in the formulated mixtures, which contained spray-dried rice starch (SDRS) as a diluent. The tableting was carried out for each formulation, and the obtained tablets were physically and mechanically evaluated. Among the parameters investigated were the general appearance, ejection force, weight variation, hardness, friability, and disintegration time. The powder flow was also determined for each formulation. The results showed that the tablet ejection forces for all the lubricated formulations (58–259 N) were significantly lower than that of the non-lubricated control formulation (349 N). The use of sFFRB as a lubricant at 0.5–2.0% w/w could lower the ejection force up to 78%, but the hardness reduced so drastically that the formulations failed the friability test due to the chipping of the tablets’ edges. Moreover, sDFRB performed significantly better as the use at 0.5–1.0% w/w in the formulation helped to lower the ejection forces by up to 80% while maintaining the changes in the tablet hardness within 10%. RBW functioned effectively as a tablet lubricant at a concentration of 0.5% w/w, yielding tablets with good strength comparable to standard HVO lubricant while helping to reduce the ejection force by 82%. In formulations with good lubrication, i.e., friability < 1%, the powder flow was improved, and the tablet disintegration times were within the same range as the control and HVO formulations. In conclusion, sDFRB displayed a lubricant property at concentrations between 0.5 and 1.0% w/w, with slightly negative effects on the tablet hardness. RBW from KJ CMU107 rice was an effective tablet lubricant at 0.5% w/w, with no effect on tablet hardness. Both materials can be further developed for use as commercial lubricants in direct compression.
Chitosan-Enhanced pH-Sensitive Anthocyanin Indicator Film for the Accurate Monitoring of Mutton Freshness
Authors: Ma Yanli , Wen Lei , Liu Yaobo , Du Pengfei , Hu Peng , Cao Jianfang , Wang Weiting
Published: March 2024

Natural anthocyanin indicator films with an excellent pH response enable the visual assessment of meat freshness. In this investigation, chitosan was initially employed as a colorimetric enhancer, leading to the development of a pH-sensitive indicator film that was enhanced in colorimetry. The characteristics of this indicator film were thoroughly analyzed, and the mechanism responsible for the increased sensitivity of anthocyanin within the chitosan matrix, as indicated by the color response, was elucidated. The recrystallization of chitosan impeded the hydration of AH+ as the pH increased from 6.0 to 8.0, leading to distinct color changes. Moreover, the application of this indicator film was extended to the monitoring of mutton meat freshness. It facilitated the differentiation of mutton meat into three distinct stages, namely, fresh, sub-fresh, and spoiled, based on alterations in color. Additionally, a robust positive correlation was established between the color difference value of the indicator film and the total volatile basic nitrogen and bacterial count of the mutton meat, enabling quantitative analysis. The present study, therefore, demonstrated a novel function of chitosan, i.e., the enhancement of the color of anthocyanin, which could be useful in designing and fabricating indicator films with a high color response.
Bicycle Parking Requirements in City Building Codes and Their Potential to Promote Sustainability
Authors: Kohlrautz David , Kuhnimhof Tobias
Published: March 2024

Bicycle parking requirements in building codes are an important tool for promoting cycling, as several studies have shown that the provision of secure parking increases cycling rates and contributes to sustainability. However, bicycle parking requirements are not comprehensive across the EU and vary widely within countries and between municipalities, which questions what aspects they should consider. This paper analyzes the literature and guidelines on parking requirements and compares their implementation in ten German and four international cities both qualitatively, examining specific requirements for parking facilities, and quantitatively, examining the number of spaces required. The results show that most guidelines set comparable standards in terms of quality and quantity. However, the quality standards defined in the actual building codes are heterogeneous. While most cities require features such as the ability to lock the bicycle frame, they do not adequately address different user groups and insufficiently consider e-bike charging infrastructure. Most cities meet the guidelines for the required number of bicycle parking spaces, but lack a clear rationale based on local conditions, which can lead to an unsustainable under- or oversupply. In summary, cities do not fully utilize the potential of parking requirements to promote cycling because of incomplete qualitative standards.
Integrated Service Architecture to Promote the Circular Economy in Agriculture 4.0
Authors: Varella Walter Augusto , Oliveira Neto Geraldo Cardoso de , Stefani Eduardo , Costa Ivanir , Monteiro Rogério Carlos , Conde Wilians , da Silva Junior Wanderley , Baptestone Rolney Carlos , Goes Roberto de Souza , Riccotta Rosangela , Gaspar Marcos Antonio , Felisoni Paulo Ribeiro , Ohashi Fabio Kazuo , Nascimento Hugo do , Fernandes Aguinaldo Aragon , Martins Fellipe Silva
Published: March 2024

Innovation has been the transforming tool of precision agriculture as a response to population growth and the demand for more food with quality, less waste, food security, and sustainable management of environmental resources. The challenges are to increase the productivity of cultivated areas, both for current and future areas, to manage the use of potable water, scarce in many regions, to keep the soil fertile, and to reduce waste through reuse, optimization, resource sharing, and operational and strategic management based on accurate information of planting, harvesting, and management of environmental conditions, which are also objectives of the Circular Economy. Therefore, using Industry 4.0 technologies in agriculture becomes fundamental to facing such challenges. This paper presents a systematic literature review on Industry 4.0 technologies adopted in agriculture for sustainable development, considering environmental, economic, and social benefits. The research pointed to the use of IoT in irrigation control systems by sending automatic commands, monitoring soil and weather conditions, in the use of machinery with some automation features and in cloud data storage systems, and with the use of Big Data analytical tools, with access by mobile devices, these uses contribute to operational and strategic decision making in the management of planting and harvesting. However, the literature review did not find a technological architecture for Integrated Services in Agriculture 4.0. Thus, this paper proposes a Service Architecture that enables the promotion of a Circular Economy in Agriculture 4.0. The contribution of this article to the theory is in the expansion of knowledge of the use of technologies in Agriculture 4.0. In terms of practice, this article provides an Integrated Service Architecture so that new products can be developed for Agriculture 4.0 and thus contribute to society in reducing food insecurity, generating environmental, economic, and social benefits, and promoting the Circular Economy in Agriculture 4.0.
Distribution and Change Characteristics of Ecosystem Services in Highly Urbanized Areas along Gradients of Human Activity Intensity: A Case Study of Shenzhen City, China
Authors: Yang Yijia , Zhu Xuexin
Published: March 2024

Comprehensively and objectively revealing the spatial relationship between ecosystem services (ESs) and human activity intensity (HAI) is vital for achieving sustainable development goals. However, existing studies still have an incomplete understanding of how ESs change with HAI gradients. Therefore, taking Shenzhen City, China, as an example region experiencing rapid urbanization, the distribution of ESs and HAI in 2010 and 2020 were quantified using the InVEST model and the human footprint index method; at the same time, the gradient perspective was introduced and the spatial and temporal correlation characteristics of ESs along 10 HAI gradient bands, from weak to strong, were captured by applying multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) and the bivariate spatial autocorrelation model. The findings showed that (1) the HAI demonstrated an increasing trend (20.63 (2010) and 23.36 (2020)), and the area with high values of HAI (the 10th gradient band) was distributed in the western part of the study area; meanwhile, the area with low HAI values (the 1st gradient band) was more distributed in the eastern part of the study area. (2) On the whole, the average levels of water conservation, soil conservation, carbon storage, and habitat quality decreased from 2010 to 2020; the spatial distribution characteristics of these parameters were similar. (3) In general, ESs were negatively correlated with HAI, and the negative correlation ratio was more than 65%. At the same time, the spatial and temporal correlations between ES patterns and HAI under different gradient bands were significant. These findings can effectively alleviate the pressure on the ecosystem caused by human activities, which is of great significance for the sustainable development of highly urbanized regions.
Regional Sustainability through Dispersal and Corridor Use of Asiatic Lion Panthera leo persica in the Eastern Greater Gir Landscape
Authors: Mehta Abhinav , Rakholia Shrey , Yosef Reuven , Bhatt Alap , Shukla Shital
Published: March 2024

Despite previous concerns regarding the survival of Asiatic Lions confined to the Gir Protected Area, their dispersal into surrounding landscapes has become a subject of considerable research and discussion. This study employs species distribution modeling, corridor analysis, and additional landscape assessment using satellite-based temperatures and Land Cover statistics to investigate this dispersal and identify potential corridors based on extensive field data. The results reveal the identification of a potential corridor from Gir Wildlife Sanctuary towards Velavadar Blackbuck National Park, indicating the expansion of the Asiatic Lion’s range in the Eastern Greater Gir Landscape. These findings highlight the significance of resilience in Lion dispersal and corridor expansion, with implications for conservation and potential regional benefits, including ecosystem services and eco-tourism for sustainable development of the region.
Environmental Impacts of Rice Intensification Using High-Yielding Varieties: Evidence from Mazandaran, Iran
Authors: Gava Oriana , Ardakani Zahra , Delalic Adela , Monaco Stefano
Published: March 2024

This article aims to show the potential contribution of high-yielding rice varieties to achieve sustainable intensification in paddy farming, by focusing on a developing country. A comparative life cycle assessment of traditional vs. high-yielding varieties is carried out by comparing the area-based and yield-based results. Primary data are collected through a farm survey (49 farms in the Mazandaran province, Iran; spring 2018). The results highlight that high-yielding varieties can reduce the yield-scaled impacts. However, area-scaled impacts are subject to increase for most impact categories. Statistically significant trade-offs involve global warming potential (+13% per ha and −28% per t in high-yielding varieties) and fossil resource depletion (+15% per ha and −26% per t in high-yielding varieties). Pesticide management is the most alarming practice. High-yielding varieties increase pesticide consumption and related toxicity impacts both per t and per ha. This study is a new contribution to the literature by improving and broadening the mainstream productivity perspective of current life cycle assessment research about crop varieties. The lessons learnt from this study suggest that the trade-offs between yield-scaled and area-scaled impacts should be carefully considered by decision-makers and policymakers, especially in developing countries that, like Iran, are affected by the overexploitation of natural resources. Targeted policy and the development of farmer education and advisory services are needed to create the enabling conditions for farm management changes, including conscious use of production inputs while avoiding heuristics.