bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"These Are Not Men": Sex and Drink in the Sermons of Caesarius of Arles
Authors: Bailey Lisa Kaaren
Published: March 2007

Caesarius of Arles used the rhetoric of masculinity to combat the "problems" of sex and drink and to advance his vision of the ideal lay Christian community. He adapted established language and arguments to his own ends and constructed an uncompromising pastoral stance. Although his success in convincing his congregation is questionable, his approach reveals the complexity and variety of pastoral approaches in late antique Gaul and the role of gender in persuasive preaching.
Rules, Patterns, and the Exercise of Power in Shenoute's Monastery: The Problem of World Replacement and Identity Maintenance
Authors: Layton Bentley
Published: March 2007

Quoted in the Canons of the monastic leader Shenoute is a corpus of some five hundred rules, which provide a sensationally detailed picture of fourth-century monasticism. They are here used to discover both the objective structure of Shenoute's monastery and the organizing hierarchies that formed its everyday mental and social reality. Monastics renounced "the world," totally replacing their primary social world with a new "normal." But since any re-socialization is inherently less stable than one's original socialization, we see Shenoute's institution vigorously employing tools to repair world erosion and to totalize monastic identity. This process is here analyzed using concepts from the sociology of knowledge.
"Sweet Sorrow": The Universal Theme of Separation in Folklore and Children's Literature
Authors: Bates Laura Raidonis
Published: March 2007

Traditional folktales and classic children's literature present abandoned girls who not only achieve independence, but they also suggest the dominant gender's survival is itself dependent upon the "weaker" sex. Abandoned girls don't need someone to take care of them; rather they need someone to take care of. But if this were simply a matter of surrogate mothering, it could be accomplished by caring for a little sister or a female friend. Instead, it is a male who needs to be cared for, protected, or rescued. Furthermore, these males are not just children, but also adults.
The proximal‐virtual team continuum: A study of performance
Authors: Workman Michael
Published: February 2007

Research is beginning to accumulate for proximal and virtual team‐based work. However, little if any research has examined the effects of the degrees of virtualization on performance, yet purely proximal or virtual teamwork in most professional organizations is becoming rare. This field study examined the effects of virtualization on social influences and social identity factors, and these effects on performance. We found nonlinear relationships between virtualization and cohesion, and virtualization and conflict. Task‐relationship orientation and social‐technical skills were also found to interact with virtualization on performance. Consequently, recommendations are made regarding hybridization of teams.
A system for supporting evidence recording in bibliographic records, Part II: What is valuable evidence for catalogers?
Authors: Taniguchi Shoichi
Published: February 2007

Recording evidence for data element values, in addition to the values themselves, in bibliographic records and descriptive metadata is likely to be useful for improving the expressivity and reliability of such records and metadata. Recorded evidence indicates why and how data values are recorded for elements. This article is Part II of a study to explore a way of assisting catalogers in recording evidence in bibliographic records, with the aim of minimizing the costs and effort of doing so. This article begins with a scenario for utilizing recorded evidence to which a cataloger refers for information and understanding of the ways that have been adopted to record data value(s) in a given element. In line with that scenario, the proper content of evidence to be recorded is first discussed. Second, the functionality of the system developed in Part I is extended and refined to make the system more useful and effective in recording such evidence. Third, the system's performance is experimentally examined, the results of which show its usefulness. And fourth, another system is developed for catalogers to retrieve and display recorded evidence together with bibliographic records in a flexible way.
Protein kinase C‐ERK1/2 signal pathway switches glucose depletion‐induced necrosis to apoptosis by regulating superoxide dismutases and suppressing reactive oxygen species production in A549 lung cancer cells
Authors: Kim Cho Hee , Han Song Iy , Lee Su Yeon , Youk Hyun Suk , Moon Ji Young , Duong Hong Quan , Park Min Jung , Joo Young Mi , Park Hye Gyeong , Kim Yung Jin , Yoo Mi Ae , Lim Sung‐Chul , Kang Ho Sung
Published: February 2007

Cells typically die by either apoptosis or necrosis. However, the consequences of apoptosis and necrosis are quite different for a whole organism. In the case of apoptosis, the cell content remains packed in the apoptotic bodies that are removed by marcrophages, and thereby inflammation does not occur; during necrosis, the cell membrane is ruptured, and the cytosolic constituents are released into the extracellular space provoking inflammation. Recently, inflammation and necrosis have been suggested to promote tumor growth. We investigated the molecular mechanism underlying cell death in response to glucose depletion (GD), a common characteristic of the tumor microenvironment. GD induced necrosis through production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in A549 lung carcinoma cells. Inhibition of ROS production by N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine and catalase prevented necrosis and switched the cell death mode to apoptosis that depends on mitochondrial death pathway involving caspase‐9 and caspase‐3 activation, indicating a critical role of ROS in determination of GD‐induced cell death mode. We demonstrate that protein kinase C‐dependent extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation also switched GD‐induced necrosis to apoptosis through inhibition of ROS production possibly by inducing manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression and by preventing GD‐induced degradation of cupper zinc SOD. Thus, these results suggest that GD‐induced cell death mode is determined by the protein kinase C/ERK1/2 signal pathway that regulates MnSOD and CuZnSOD and that these antioxidants may exert their known tumor suppressive activities by inducing necrosis‐to‐apoptosis switch. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 371–385, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Germinal epithelium, folliculogenesis, and postovulatory follicles in ovaries of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) (Teleostei, protacanthopterygii, salmoniformes)
Authors: Grier Harry J. , Uribe Mari Carmen , Parenti Lynne R.
Published: February 2007

The rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792), is a salmoniform fish that spawns once per year. Ripe females that had ovulated naturally, and those induced to ovulate using salmon gonadotropin‐releasing hormone, were studied to determine whether follicles were forming at the time of spawning and to describe the process of folliculogenesis. After ovulation, the ovaries of postspawned rainbow trout were examined histologically, using the periodic acid‐Schiff procedure, to stain basement membranes that subtend the germinal epithelium and to interpret and define the activity of the germinal epithelium. After spawning, the ovary contained a few ripe oocytes that did not ovulate, numerous primary growth oocytes including oocytes with cortical alveoli, and postovulatory follicles. The germinal epithelium was active in postspawned rainbow trout, as determined by the presence of numerous cell nests, composed of oogonia, mitotic oogonia, early diplotene oocytes, and prefollicle cells. Cell nests were separated from the stroma by a basement membrane continuous with that subtending the germinal epithelium. Furthermore, follicles containing primary growth oocytes were connected to the germinal epithelium; the basement membrane surrounding the follicle joined that of the germinal epithelium. After ovulation, the basement membrane of the postovulatory follicle was continuous with that of the germinal epithelium. We observed consistent separation of the follicle, composed of an oocyte and surrounding follicle cells, from the ovarian stroma by a basement membrane. The follicle is derived from the germinal epithelium. As with the germinal epithelium, follicle cells derived from it never contact those of the connective tissue stroma. As with epithelia, they are always separated from connective tissue by a basement membrane. J. Morphol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The skull of the round Island boa, Casarea dussumieri Schlegel, based on high‐resolution X‐ray computed tomography
Authors: Maisano Jessica Anderson , Rieppel Olivier
Published: February 2007

The skull of the rare bolyeriid snake Casarea dussumieri is described in detail based on high‐resolution X‐ray CT data. Bolyeriids are unique in their possession of a separate suborbital ossification and a maxilla subdivided into two movably jointed parts, which may be the result of paedomorphic truncation of the development of the maxilla from multiple ossification centers. Comparison of the skull of C. dussumieri to that of larger booids suggests additional paedomorphic features including reduction of the dorsal lamina of the nasal and prefrontal and reduction of their contacts with the frontal, limited posterior extent of the posterior free process of the supratemporal, and reduction of the coronoid and splenial. The observations herein do not resolve competing phylogenetic hypotheses based on morphology, which either place tropidophiids as the sister‐taxon of bolyeriids, Acrochordus and colubroids, or place bolyeriids as the sister‐taxon of the other three. But these observations provide no support whatsoever for the heterodox placement of tropidophiids at the base of alethinophidian snakes, as obtained recently with molecular data. J. Morphol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The kinetics of cellular proliferation in normal and malignant tissues. V. Analysis of labeling indices and potential tissue doubling times in human tumor cell populations
Authors: Fabrikant Jacob I. , Cherry Jerrie
Published: February 2007

The metabolic activities of proliferating human tissues which concern nucleic acid synthesis and the cell cycle are being examined by high resolution autoradiography following the incorporation of labeled nucleic acid precursors. The relationships of the kinetics of cellular proliferation are investigated using a method whereby surgical biopsy specimens are labeled with nucleic acid precursors in vitro, but under conditions in which the incorporation of the label occurs only in the cells which were synthesizing DNA and RNA in the patient, thereby providing a pattern of labeling similar to that obtained by in vivo methods. The tissue turnover rates, potential doubling times, and the temporal patterns of DNA and RNA synthesis in relation to the cell cycle of proliferating cell populations are determined by appropriate techniques using 3H‐ and 14C‐labeled thymidine and uridine. Quantitative information on cell population kinetics in normal, inflammatory, and neoplastic tissues of the larynx from over 160 patients is presented, and the experimental data are discussed in terms of relationships of cell cycle times, proliferative capacities, and growth rates of human cell populations in vivo.
Results from treatment of Wilm's tumor at Roswell Park 1927–1968
Authors: Kenny G. M. , Webster J. H. , Sinks L. M. , Gaeta J. F. , Staubitz W. J. , Murphy G. P.
Published: February 2007

A retrospective study of forty‐two of forty‐nine cases of Wilm's tumors treated at the Roswell Park Memorial Institute over the past forty years is presented. Abdominal palpation to date remains the most important finding. Since over 20% demonstrated nonfunction on intravenous pyelogram, preoperative diagnosis and differentiation from neuroblastoma are therefore not always certain. Artereography may be helpful in selected instances. Metastases were present in 29 cases at the time they were first seen at the Institute. Modes of therapy were; nephrectomy, 41 cases; plus radiation therapy, 40 cases; and plus chemotherapy, 27 cases. The relationship of age of onset, stage of tumor, presence of metastasis, mode of therapy, and length of survival is presented. Current therapy includes nephrectomy, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy with actinomycin D or vincristine, or both, and monthly follow‐up is advised. Further correlations of histopathological features with survival are made in 16 cases. The absence of undifferentiated sarcomatous components seems to be the best prognostic feature.
Esophageal metastases and dysphagia in patients with carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Holyoke E. Douglas , Nemoto Takuma , Dao Thomas L.
Published: February 2007

Ten patients with dysphagia due to metastatic carcinoma of the breast have been treated at Roswell Park Memorial Institute over the period from January 1960 through December 1968. This number represents less than 0.5% of the total number of patients with metastatic breast disease seen during this period. All of these patients had disseminated metastases at the time dysphagia occurred. Because of this, systemic therapy is usually indicated. Six of seven patients who underwent adrenalectomy for dysphagia responded. In some instances chemotherapy has been efficacious.
Correlation of urinary isoenzymes in baboon renal allografts and autografts
Authors: Groenewald J. H. , Bersohn I. , Van Zyl J. A. , Schoonees R. , Weber H. W. , Retief C. P. , Murphy G. P.
Published: February 2007

Urinary and blood isoenzymes and other biochemical tests were performed on fresh or fresh‐frozen specimens from intact renal‐allografted or renal‐autografted adult male and female Chacma baboons. Although elevations in urinary and blood LDH and alkaline phosphatase activity were noted, these failed to prove consistent, or to be specific indices of renal rejection, or to correlate with the level of measured renal function. LDH urinary enzymes as determined by paper electrophoresis disclosed a heretofore undescribed shift from a high, fast‐moving fraction (I) in renal‐allografted or renal‐autografted animals. The shift is therefore not related to renal rejection, but more to nonspecific ischemic cellular destruction. Techniques of starch gel and paper urinary isoenzyme measurements are compared, and the necessity of fresh catheterized specimens for accurate enzymatic determination is stressed.
Tumor‐specific transplantation immunity after cryosurgery
Authors: Myers Richard S. , Hammond William G. , Ketcham Alfred S.
Published: February 2007

Tumor‐specific transplantation immunity was studied in three mouse tumor systems. A differential immunity was shown to exist between animals which had tumor cryo‐surgically destroyed and those having tumor surgically amputated. However, the difference was dependent upon the individual host tumor system. Further investigation into cryosurgical in situ tumor destruction is warranted.
Transmission of some tumor viruses
Authors: Mirand Edwin A. , Mirand Albert G.
Published: February 2007

A history and certain characteristics of some tumor virus infections are presented. Vertical and/or horizontal transmission of murine leukemia viruses, particularly Friend virus (FV), Rauscher virus (RLV), and 334C virus, is discussed. Transmission of FV virus occurs through successive generations following infection of adult mice, and transmission of 334C virus occurs through successive generations following infection of newborn mice. Foster‐nursing experiments show that most effective transmission of FV, RLV, and 334C viruses occurs through the mother's milk. Transplacental transmission of virus, as determined by development of virus‐induced disease, has not been seen in reciprocal foster‐nursing studies or in tests of embryo extracts from FV‐ and RLV‐infected mothers, but test of embryo extract suggests that some transplacental transmission of 334C virus may occur. Unlike the mammary tumor virus, FV and RLV are not transmitted through the paternal line. Relatively high infectivity of semen and low incidence of leukemia in litters sired by infected males suggest a high potential for transmission of 334C virus by the male parent. FV, RLV, and 334C viruses may be transmitted by injection of urine, inducing low incidences of disease with long latency periods. Preparations from oral washings and feces from mice infected with FV and RLV have not induced disease in assay mice, but similar preparations from mice infected with 334C virus have induced low incidences of disease. Waterborne transmission of FV has been barely successful, but airborne and foodborne transmission have been unsuccessful. While the possibility of horizontal transmission of virus exists, horizontal transmission of FV and RLV in the natural environment, even under optimal conditions, is minimal. Friend virus‐infected mothers transmit maternal antibodies and virus to their offspring, which may account for the low natural incidence of the disease and the long latent period frequently observed.
Further experience with splenectomy in Hodgkin's disease
Authors: Mittelman Arnold , Elias Elias G. , Grace James T.
Published: February 2007

The indications for splenectomy in Hodgkin's disease have been defined. Using these criteria, splenectomy in a small number of patients has been of considerable benefit. Their pre‐ and postoperative management is described.
Bone marrow colony‐stimulating factor: Renal influence on serum titers
Authors: Foster Roger S.
Published: February 2007

The serum titer of colony‐stimulating factor which stimulates in vitro growth of bone marrow cells to form colonies of granulocytic and mononuclear cells is elevated 18 hr following bilateral ureteral ligation and unilateral or bilateral nephrectomy in mice. Following unilateral ureteral ligation, there is a moderate elevation of colony‐stimulating activity at 3 and 7 days. These results suggest that the titer of serum colony‐stimulating factor is dependent in part on renal clearance of the factor.
Perirenal fibrous xanthoma: Unusual retroperitoneal tumor diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Palma L. D. , Gaeta J. F. , Kenny G. M. , Murphy G. P.
Published: February 2007

An unusual case of perirenal fibrous xanthoma (histiocytoma) is presented. Review of the literature reveals that this disease entity is indeed very rare and presents no specific clinical signs and symptoms. Fortunately, the majority of the cases are benign, but there is really no solitary histological feature that can predict the outcome of the disease. Arteriography and microscopical appearance are helpful diagnostic aids.
Metastatic renal adenocarcinoma to the ureteral stump in a hemophiliac
Authors: Sargent Frank T. , Albert David J. , Persky Lester
Published: February 2007

A case of a delayed distal ureteral metastasis from a cortical renal adenocarcinoma in a hemophiliac is presented as an unusual but significant problem. The need for total ureterectomy with nephrectomy is discussed. The various metastatic pathways for this tumor are presented. It would seem that the proposed avenues are, at present, only theoretical, and it might be reasonable to assume that any one or several of them may be the pathway in an individual case. Regardless of the mode of spread, we must be cognizant of the possibility of distal ureteral metastases long after nephrectomy. The diagnostic value of cystoscopy during active bleeding is emphasized. With the use of coordinated efforts on the part of hematology, general medicine, and surgery, such instrumentation and quite radical operations can be and are being carried out successfully in hemophilia.
In vivo response of mouse lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin and colchicine
Authors: Killen Duncan A.
Published: February 2007

The response of peripheral mononuclear leukocytes and the systemic tolerance of mice to parenterally administered phytohemagglutinin and colchicine were assessed in 200 animals. The administration of 0.5ml of a solution of purified phytohemagglutinin resulted in the appearance of seemingly immature and significantly enlarged (p<0.005) peripheral mononuclear leukocytes. The appearance of large lymphocytes in peripheral blood was interpreted as evidence for the occurrence of lymphoblastic transformation in vivo. However, no blast cells were observed in the peripheral blood smears. The concomitant administration of colchicine prevented enlargement of the circulating mononuclear lymphocytes. The phytohemagglutinin effect was apparently negated or minimized by the concomitant administration of colchicine. The significance of this observation is unknown.
Complete regression of metastases following chemotherapy
Authors: Lawton R. L. , Gulesserian H. P.
Published: February 2007

Disseminated solid malignancies are seldom controlled for long periods by the use of chemotherapy. Far‐advanced cancer of the colon has rarely been controlled by the use of chemicals. One of the patients in this report with pulmonary metastases is free of disease at the present time and completely rehabilitated. He received multiple regimens of 5‐fluorouracil but has not received drug for the past 4 years. Long‐term control of metastatic embryonal cell carcinoma of the testicle has been reported, and this 7‐year survival without disease was treated with triple chemotherapy. The causes for these complete regressions are considered.
Pathology of common skin tumors
Authors: Lever Walter F.
Published: February 2007

The clinical and histologic appearance of basal cell epithelioma, squamous cell carcinoma, solar keratosis, leukoplakia, keratoacanthoma, and Bowen's disease is discussed. The association of Bowen's disease with visceral cancer is also mentioned. Several questions and answers are included at the end of the article.
Plastic surgical treatment of facial skin cancer
Authors: Murray Joseph E. , Klein Edmund
Published: February 2007

The principles and application of surgical treatment for skin cancer are outlined. Procedures ranging from simple excision to complex plastic repair are described. The primary aims of providing diagnosis, cure, and maximal retention of function and esthetics are illustrated. Attainment of secondary aims including minimal morbidity and pain, simplicity, and economy of time and expense is discussed. Cancers of the head and neck have been selected for illustrating the fundamentals of surgical treatment for cancer of the skin. These locations are the most common sites of skin cancer and demonstrate the need for combining adequate tumor resection with minimal tissue sacrifice. Selection of specific surgical procedures as optimal therapy is considered as compared to other modalities such as X‐ray therapy, electrocoagulation, and topical chemotherapy. The need for early diagnosis and prompt treatment in order to avoid the development of more serious clinical problems requiring correspondingly more complex procedures is indicated.
Pattern of lymphatic spread in pharyngeal cancer
Authors: Silva Norberto , Shedd Donald P.
Published: February 2007

A survey was done on the histologic findings on cleared neck dissection specimens in a group of 42 patients who underwent resection for pharyngeal cancer. Positive nodes were found in 69% of the specimens, with upper deep jugular nodes being most frequently involved and with multiple levels of involvement being found in one quarter of the patients.
A simple primate headholder
Authors: Nelson Kenneth M. , Hasenpusch Peter H.
Published: February 2007

A simple, inexpensive primate headholder is described which may be easily constructed from a shop vise.
Cancer and lipid depletion
Authors: Mays E. Truman
Published: February 2007

Hyperlipemia developing in tumor‐bearing animals concomitant with depletion of carcass lipid prompted study of human cancers. Gross lipemia when liver function is normal is infrequent in human cancer. Mean serum triglycerides and unesterified fatty acids (UFA) are higher than in normal individuals, but no greater than in patients undergoing severe fat depletion from causes other than cancer. Total plasma fatty acids and cholesterol concentrations in human cancer are normal. An in vivo rat assay for fat‐mobilizing substances in the urine and plasma of cancer patients was negative. The mobilization of carcass lipid in human cancer appears to be in response to an energy deficit created by actively synthesizing tumor tissue. There is no significant difference between nonneoplastic surgery and resective surgery for cancer in regard to mobilization of fat for energy substrates. Even though humans with malignancies deplete their fat stores, they are still able to respond to surgical stress by mobilizing fat from storage depots and transiently elevating plasma UFA.
Leiomyosarcoma of the colon with metastasis to the liver: Right hepatic lobectomy in presence of variant hepatic artery
Authors: Matsuda Takayoshi , Condon Robert E.
Published: February 2007

A successful right hepatic lobectomy for a large solitary liver metastasis of a leiomyosarcoma was performed 8 years after removal of the primary lesion in the right colon. An anomalous arterial supply to the medial segment of the left hepatic lobe was encountered during the dissection. Clues to the presence of the anomalous blood supply and the rationale and results of hepatectomy for metastatic neoplasms are discussed briefly. An aggressive approach to surgical therapy is advocated in selected cases.
Mast cells in the estrogen‐induced transplantable renal tumor of the hamster
Authors: Arcadi John A.
Published: February 2007

Mast cells are frequently seen in and around a variety of malignant tumors. However, mast cells have not been seen in the transplantable estrogen‐induced renal tumor of the hamster. In this study the subcutaneously transplanted renal tumor of Kirkman was examined using a variety of fixation techniques. All tissues were stained in toluidine blue (0.5% solution at a pK of 3.8). Mast cells were seen in great numbers only in tumor tissue frozen in isopentane cooled with liquid nitrogen at −155 C and cut on a cryostat at −20C. This would indicate the importance of the method of preparation of such fastidious cells. The hamster tumor provides, then, an excellent source of mast cells for study in a tumor environment.
Radionuclide imaging devices
Authors: Hardin Virgil M. , Johnston Gerald S.
Published: February 2007

The principal imaging devices used in clinical and research medicine are mentioned with a more detailed discussion of the instruments used in clinical practice and the modified devices presently in operation at Donner Laboratories. Radionuclide imaging techniques have become remarkably sophisticated since the first mechanical scanner was introduced 20 years ago. Today, high‐resolution scintigrams can be produced in minutes, and sequential images, each requiring only a few seconds, provide data on blood flow distribution and organ function. Tomographic imaging has further extended the capability and reliability of organ imaging.
The use of radionuclides in the detection of bone metastases
Authors: Verdon Thomas A. , Yano Yukio , Anger Hal O.
Published: February 2007

Bone imaging is a valuable procedure in the evaluation of patients suspected of having metastatic disease to bone. Its use has been well established in many clinical studies. Several radionuclides are available that can detect the presence of metastatic disease before X‐ray changes occur. Because other nonmalignant conditions may produce positive bone scans, the procedure must be used in conjunction with the appropriate X‐ray and other diagnostic studies. Fluorine‐18 approaches the ideal bone‐imaging radionuclide. As it becomes more available commercially, fluorine‐18 will probably replace strontium‐85 as the main radionuclide for bone imaging. Although fluorine‐18 bone imaging with a whole body scanner and the positron camera affords a most optimal combination, the use of strontium‐85 with conventional imaging equipment provides the physician with important clinical information that cannot be obtained by other studies.
Ovarian carcinoma in California: The California tumor registry data
Authors: Krain L. S.
Published: February 2007

Appropriate data from the California and Alameda County Tumor Registries were analyzed with specific reference to ovarian cancer (I.C.D. No. 175). The median age for ovarian cancer cases (1942–1969) was 56.7 years. There was a direct association of the age‐adjusted death rate and average annual incidence rate of ovarian cancer patients and the presence of a high socioeconomic ranking (r = + 0.37) (p < 0.05). There was a positive association of ovarian cancer incidence with the census tract index of crowding per household. An excess of ovarian cancer deaths was noted in the Spanish surname population (p < 0.05). Further follow‐up studies are suggested for this disease which has a five‐year relative survival rate for all stages in California of 33%.
Urinary chemiluminescence in women receiving oral contraceptives
Authors: Silk Mark , Sigman Eugene
Published: February 2007

Urinary tryptophan metabolites have been associated with the development of uroepithelial neoplasia. Tryptophan metabolites are increased in women receiving oral contraceptives (OC). Urinary chemiluminescence (CHL) may be related to the carcinogenesis of tryptophan metabolites and appear to be elevated in women receiving OC. This may theoretically impose an increased risk of developing uroepithelial neoplasia in women receiving OC.
Villous adenoma of the colon and rectum
Authors: Evans James T. , Imahori Schira , Liu Kuochin
Published: February 2007

One hundred and four cases of villous tumors during a 19‐year period are reported, including 38 cases of villous adenoma and 40 cases of carcinoma arising in villous adenoma. These tumors are found in the rectum and rectosigmoid of patients who are mostly 50 years old or older. The majority of these tumors are malignant and the accuracy of diagnosis by biopsy is rather low. Villous tumors of the colon and rectum should be treated as cancerous growths, and radical resection is the preferred treatment.
Value of renography following radical pelvic cancer surgery
Authors: Soloway Mark S. , Larson Steven M. , Myers George H. , Johnston Gerald S. , Ketcham Alfred S.
Published: February 2007

Several cases are presented to illustrate how the radioisotope renogram has become an important adjunct in the postoperative evaluation of cancer patients requiring ileal conduit urinary diversion. The use of the renogram in the immediate postoperative period is best exemplified by its ability to aid in differentiating between the causes of oliguria. The sensitivity of the renogram in detecting urinary tract obstruction makes it particularly valuable in the long term management of these patients, whose urinary tract is in constant jeopardy, since it is safer and more convenient than commonly employed radiographic procedures.
Continuous, simultaneous and instantaneous tissue gas and blood flow measurements using the mass spectrometer
Authors: Owens Guy , Roberts Melville
Published: February 2007

Using a membrane permeable to gases it has been demonstrated in our laboratory that partial pressures of O2, CO2 and N2 can be monitored continuously, simultaneously and instantaneously employing a mass spectrometer. Physiologic studies in experimental animals have been carried out recording tissue gases from kidney, liver, skin and brain. Responses in these organs to changes in blood flow, blood gases, surgical trauma, and isolated perfusion have been conducted. Blood flow can be calculated by adding an inert gas (Argon) to the ventilation mixture, and recording its washout time. Simultaneous pO2, pCO2 and PAr permits focal metabolic studies previously impossible to record.
A murine polycythemic virus and its possible role in the study of human leukemia etiology
Authors: Mirand E. A.
Published: February 2007

A murine polycythemic virus (FV‐P) has been described that induces a rapid polycythemia in susceptible mice within three weeks postinfection. The hypervolemic polycythemia response is essentially spleen dependent. FV‐P also induces spleen focus formation on the surfaces of the spleens of infected mice nine days after I.V. inoculation of the virus. Recent studies have shown that FV‐P requires a helper virus in order to produce spleen focus formation and polycythemia. The helper virus was found to be indigenous in FV‐P preparations and is a lymphatic leukemia virus (LLV). The indigenous helper virus can be removed from FV‐P preparations and substituted by other RNA leukemic viruses from a number of species‐mice, birds, and cats. Helper activity was also found in tissue culture extracts of human leukemic spleens. Because these human extracts had the same helper activity as shown for RNA leukemic viruses from other species, there is good basis to believe that FV‐P could be useful in providing a biological assay system for the detection of a human leukemic virus.
Pathology of liver necrosis and regeneration after administration of dimethylnitrosamine in massive doses
Authors: Kuster Gustavo G. R. , Woods John E. , Ludwig Jurgen
Published: February 2007

Two groups of dogs were given dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA), a hepatotoxic drug, in a single lethal dose. Control dogs were allowed to die. Experimental dogs received life‐saving auxiliary liver transplants which were removed after recovery of the host liver or when rejection occurred. The histopathologic findings in the host livers of the two groups are presented. Remarkable variations were noted even among livers from the same group. Centrilobular and midzonal congestion and necrosis were the main findings but appeared less severe than one would expect in view of the lethality of DMNA in control dogs. In contrast to the changes noted with long‐term administration of the drug to dogs, there was nothing in this series to suggest cirrhosis.
Augmentation of immune activity by elimination of antibody and its implications in cancer
Authors: Rose Sam
Published: February 2007

A “procedure” consisting of thoracic duct fistula, intravenous return of cells, wasting lymph fluid, and administration of replacement therapy was performed on rats immunized with SRBC or nucleated cells from histo‐incompatible donors. The “procedure” resulted in a large augmentation of the homoral immune response described by the following parameters. The number of 19S antibody‐producing cells in spleen and lumph nodes increased up to twenty‐fold. The daily antibody content in the lymph increased exponentially, doubling every 10 to 18 hours, and reached peak values of 100 times the antibody content in the whole animal prior to fistula. The peak antibody production rate of experimental animals was 1000 times the pre‐fistula level—this latter rate being the antibody production level in animals with a stable immunity. The immune augmentation which was achieved in these experimentds does not represent the therorectical or practical limit attainable. When the “procedure” was performed in nonsplenectomized animals without raised venous pressure, the blood liter fell and then rose to pre‐fistula levels or higher, and the daily antibody content of the lymph samples reached a platueau. When the “procedure” was performed in splenectomized animals with raised venous pressure the blood liter fell and remained low and there was a continuing exponential increase in antibody contenl of progressive lymph samples throughout the duration of the fistula procedure. The “procedure” and results are discussed in relation to aspects of immune regulation and practical advantages for antibody production. The implications of the “procedure” as a means of manipulating components important in tumor‐host immune relationship are discussed with respect to possible immunotherapy of cancer. The “procedure” caused regression of M. S. V. induced tumors growing in syngeneic rats. It is suggested that the effect on the tumors was due to the mechanisms discussed.
Some biochemical and histochemical aspects in hyperplasia and carcinoma of the human prostate
Authors: Nilsson T. , Müntzing J.
Published: February 2007

A study of histochemical and biochemical enzyme activity determination in hyperplastic and untreated carcinomatous prostatic tissue is presented. The histochemical results are in agreement with earlier investigations and the biochemical findings corroborate grossly the histochemical findings. A comparison of conventional estrogen therapy to Estramustine phosphate, (EstracytR), therapy is discussed from both the histochemical and biochemical points of view. The enzyme activity quotient, acid phosphatase to β‐glucuronidase, is pointed out as a possible indicator in following the therapeutic response, and in determination of the origin of metastases. Lipofuscin pigment is demonstrated to a much higher frequency after Estracyt treatment than after conventional estrogen treatment. This indicates that this substance might have an intracellular effect which is different and more pronounced that than of estrogen.
Differential uptake of 125i− and 99mtco4− in a histologically unusual metastatic thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Schall Gerald L. , Roth Joel A. , Temple Robert
Published: February 2007

A case is presented of a histologically unique thyroid carcinoma metastatic to cervical lymph nodes which concentrated 99mTcO4− to a significantly greater degree than 125I−. This phenomenon may be related to 1. a decreased ability of the tumor to organify iodine, 2. an increased rate of turnover of the iodine‐labeled hormone by the tumor, or 3. the unusual “angiomatoid” pattern of the tumor and the difference in the blood levels of the two tracers at the time of the scans. Hot pertechnetate nodules must be rescanned with radioiodine.
Total laryngectomy and autogenous reconstruction observations in an experimental series in canines
Authors: Lapidot Abraham , Catalfumo Frank , Gelot Raghuvir , Liskow Arthur
Published: February 2007

Twenty‐six dogs underwent total laryngectomy and autogenous reconstruction of the pharynx for the purpose of construction of a pseudolarynx. This simplified larynx demonstrated that it subserved the three major functions of the larynx; respiration, deglutition, and phonation in six of our 26 dogs which survived long enough for meaningful evaluation. Our surgical endeavors involve one of the most critical of areas in the body “the crossroads for air and food.” Despite some aspiration which we are still encountering with our present technique, the innervated tongue flap holds promise as a possible solution to this problem, and a detailed report will be submitted in due course.
Erythroplasia of queyrat (Bowen's disease of the glans penis)
Authors: Kaplan Carl , Katoh Arthur
Published: February 2007

It is suggested that the designation of erythroplasia of Queyrat should be restricted to cases of Bowen's disease or intraepithelial carcinoma of the glans penis in order to exclude more clearly the benign erythroplasias of the penis. Therapeutic measures should be directed at cure but also the maintenance of sexual and urethral function and sensation when possible. Traditionally, both invasive carcinoma and carcinoma‐in‐situ have been treated by amputation, electrosurgical dessication, or radiation therapy, and more recently topical chemotherapy for the superficial lesions. A mold technique with accurate dosimetry is described for use in an extensive case of erythroplasia of Queyrat involving the glans, prepuce and two‐thirds of the shaft with a successful early result and preservation of function and sensation to date.
The effect of a yeast extract (PCO) on the mitotic activity of neoplastic and normal cells in vitro
Authors: Fardon John C. , Poydock Sister M. Eymard , Tsuchiya Yoshiki
Published: February 2007

An aqueous‐alcoholic extract of yeast (PCO) was found to inhibit mitoses in Sarcoma 180, Krebs‐2 ascites carcinoma, and the L–1210 leukemia in vitro. Contrariwise, PCO did not inhibit, and in some experiments even stimulated, the mitoses in the following normal cells in vitro: L‐929 fibroblasts; two established lines of mouse corneal cells; and mouse bone marrow cells.
Pseudomonas meningitis complicating radical resection for radiorecurrent cancer of the paranasal sinuses: Report of two patients successfully treated with intrathecal polymyxin
Authors: Geelhoed Glenn W. , Ketcham Alfred S.
Published: February 2007

Pseudomonas meningitis is a grave complication of craniofacial surgery and radiotherapy. The management of this complication is reviewed and illustrated by the course of two patients who were successfully treated after radical resection for radiorecurrent cancer of the paranasal sinuses was complicated by pseudomonas meningitis.
Acute pulmonary oil embolism and lethal dose study of an oily contrast medium following portal vein administration into dogs
Authors: Lee Yeu‐Tsu N. , Donegan William L.
Published: February 2007

In the search for a simple, objective, reliable and sequential diagnostic hepatography, an oily contrast medium, Ethiodol {ethiodized oil), was purposely injected into the portal vein system of dogs. In the absence of a porto‐systemic shunt, the smallest amount of Ethiodol which produced faint roentgenographic visualization of pulmonary oil embolization was about 2.50 ml/kg. The average “trapping capacity” of the livers of six dogs was 2.89 ml/kg. The average acute lethal dose was 5.10 ml/kg. It was not possible to extrapolate the lethal dose of intraportal Ethiodol in humans. Also, the consideration of a threshold dose level (corresponding to the trapping capacity of the liver), near or above which the problem of pulmonary oil embolism will become significant, is only a rough concept. However, the results of this study serve to emphasize that the potential hazards of using intraportal oil contrast media for clinical purposes should be kept in mind.
Treatment of hodgkin's disease and other malignant lymphomas
Authors: Aungst C. W.
Published: February 2007

Considerable progress has been made in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease and the other lymphomas during the past 15 years. The present paper summarizes, in part, studies which our department has conducted or in which we have participated during this period. Studies of chlorambucil, prednisone, mitorgen mustard, vinblastine, cytoxan, and vincristine used as single agents have shown the efficacy of these drugs in the treatment of particular lymphomas. Our patients with late stage Hodgkin's disease have been treated in protocols of the Acute Leukemia Group B in which various types of combination chemotherapy, with or without maintenance therapy, have been and are being explored. In our studies, combination chemotherapy has shown no better results than single agent induction followed by oral maintenance therapy with chlorambucil or cytoxan in treating lymphosarcoma. Treatment of reticulum cell sarcoma remains discouraging.
Enhancement of the thymolytic effect of cortisone acetate by SCH 13521
Authors: Müuntzing J. , Stoliar J. B.
Published: February 2007

SCH 13521 (4′‐nitro‐3′‐trifluoromethylisobutyranilide) given daily for 3 days to juvenile, adrenalectomized male rats did not affect the thymus weight even in toxic doses, nor did it enhance the thymolytic effect of simultaneously injected cortisone acetate (CA). However, the thymolytic effect of CA was doubled when injected simultaneously with SCH 13521 in adrenalectomized rats pretreated for 18 days with SCH 13521. In such rats also the CA‐induced liver weight increase was enhanced. The weights of the ventral prostate and the seminal vesicles were decreased by SCH 13521, which also decreased the testes weight, indicating an antigonadotropic effect of the drug.
Carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with neuroblastoma
Authors: Wang Jaw J. , Sinks Lucius F. , Chu T. Ming
Published: February 2007

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was studied in the plasma of 17 patients (2 months to 18 years old) with neuroblastoma by means of a radioimmunoassay that detects an antigenic site in the CEA molecule at low ionic strengths. Elevated levels (greater than 2.5 nanograms per ml) of CEA were observed in plasma specimens from 8 or 9 patients with active neuroblastoma. Following successful therapy in 2 patients, CEA returned to normal in both. Disease remained active in 5 patients; their serial titers showed continued elevation. Seven of 8 patients with no evidence of active disease had CEA lèvels within the normal range. Ten children with nonneoplastic disease (2 to 10 years old) had normal levels of antigen (0‐2.0 ng). This observation indicates that neuroblastoma may also possess the CEA previously detected in patients with other ectodermally derived cancers. The antigen appears to correlate with clinical activity of the neuroblastoma and may be helpful in assessment of the efficacy of therapy and prognosis in these patients.
Detection and diagnosis of oral malignancies
Authors: Greene George W.
Published: February 2007

Oral cancer is a really serious problem and the control of it rests with physicians and dentists who are able to detect cancer at an early stage, that is, at a time when proper management and treatment of the case will cure the patient with a minimum amount of deformity. Oral cancer comprises somewhere between 6 and 7% If all malignant tumors. Detection depends upon the ability of the clinician to be observant and to recognize any abnormality in the region of the head and neck. Recognition is best accomplished by a thorough oral examination. Diagnosis may be possible by clinical observation or x‐ray, however diagnostic aids such as the use of exfoliative cytology, toluidine blue (Niebel and Chomet, 1964; Shedd, et al., 1965; Myers, 1970) and various forms of biopsy are most useful for a definitive diagnosis.

The methods used in detection and diagnosis of oral malignancy were discussed and indications and contra‐indications for their use were noted. The proper management and referral were also emphasized since this is an important aspect in the treatment of the oral cancer problem.
Squamous cell carcinoma with bony reaction
Authors: Muldoon C. J.
Published: February 2007

The following article describes the case of an 80‐year‐old African male who exhibited an unusual reaction and highly effective immune response to alveolar carcinoma.
Pelvic neoplasms causing pain
Authors: Geelhoed Glenn W. , Ketcham Alfred S.
Published: February 2007

The following is a discussion of dyspareunia and its role as an aid to diagnosing pelvic neoplasms. The great majority of cases of dyspareunia are psychosomatic in origin, and in a large proportion of the remaining cases, painful coitus is an indicator of benign problems. Nevertheless, painful coitus is a symptom which requires careful pelvic examination to rule out the possibility of pelvic neoplasm and to discover treatable causes of dyspareunia.