bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time and Resource Management of Residential Apartment Construction using Building Information Modeling
Authors:   Civil Engineering Department, Government College of Engineering, Karad, Maharashtra, India., Narlawar Gaurav S. , Chaphalkar Dr. N. B. ,   Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra, India., Sandbhor Dr. Sayali ,   Civil Engineering Department, SIT, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Published: August 2019

To complete a project under the complicated situations, it is important to follow effective ways to use available tools and methods, taking into account present technology and management. Also, it is challenging to prepare accurate and achievable plans in large construction projects. Visualizing forms at an early stage in building design improves the ability of designers to deliver ideas and the capability to inspect and assess the methods helps to predict and optimize the actual presentation of the construction project. These different features form the basis for Building Information Modeling (BIM). The archetypal problems like budget overflow, lack of communication, cost overruns, overtime delays, rework can be minimized with the use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) tools for building design & resource management. In this paper, the concept of Building Information Modelling (BIM) is used for 3D modeling, which involves 4th dimension as Time (4D), 5th dimension of Cost (5D) of the project. A case study of G+5 residential apartment is presented for 3D BIM modeling and quantity take-off with the commercial software Autodesk Revit 2019. The 4D BIM carried out using Primavera P6 is explained with methodology for a case study. Further, Autodesk Navisworks Manage 2019 is used for 5D BIM, which includes a graphical presentation of the construction schedule and cost estimation of the case study.
Lumbosacral plexus entrapment syndrome. Part one: A common yet little-known cause of chronic pelvic and lower extremity pain
Authors: Larsen Kjetil , Chang Chien George C.
Published: August 2019

Lumbosacral plexus entrapment syndrome (LPES) is a little-known but common cause of chronic lumbopelvic and lower extremity pain. The lumbar plexus, including the lumbosacral tunks emerge through the fibers of the psoas major, and the proximal sciatic nerve beneath the piriformis muscles. Severe weakness of these muscles may lead to entrapment plexopathy, resulting in diffuse and non-specific pain patterns throughout the lumbopelvic complex and lower extremities (LPLE), easily mimicking other diagnoses and is therefore likely to mislead the interpreting clinician. It is a pathology very similar to that of thoracic outlet syndrome, but for the lower body. This two-part manuscript series was written in an attempt to demonstrate the existence, pathophysiology, diagnostic protocol as well as interventional strategy for LPES, and its efficacy.Piriformis syndrome; Nerve entrapment; Double-crush; Pain, Chronic; Fibromyalgia Citation: Larsen K, Chien GCC. Lumbosacral plexus entrapment syndrome. Part one: A common yet little-known cause of chronic pelvic and lower extremity pain. Anaesth pain & intensiv care 2019;23(2):124-137
Knowledge, training and practice of cricoid pressure application by the anesthesiologists of teaching hospitals of a developing country: A national survey
Authors: Butt Mohsin Nazir , Hoda Muhammad Qamarul
Published: August 2019

Objective: To assess the knowledge, training, and practices of cricoid pressure (CP) application among the anesthesiologists working in teaching hospitals of a developing country.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted among the consultant anesthesiologists and anesthesia trainees with at least 18 months of anesthesia experience, working in teaching hospitals of four provinces of the country and one teaching hospital of the capital city. The survey was conducted through a validated questionnaire including questions regarding knowledge, training and practice of CP application among anesthesiologist working in teaching hospitals of the capital city and four provinces of Pakistan.Results: A total of 220 questionnaires were distributed, 212 were returned with a response rate of 96%. 36 (16.98%) participants made correct answers to all of the six ‘knowledge’ based questions. With respect to “training”, 116 participants (55.50%) responded that they had supervised instructions on anesthetized patients, 19 participants (9.1%) had training courses using manikins and 74 participants (35.4%) had received knowledge from books only. 210 participants responded to the questions regarding the “practice” of CP application. 197 participants (93.8%) routine practice CP.Conclusion: Based on our survey, the ‘knowledge’ of cricoid pressure application was poor among the anesthesiologists working in teaching hospitals. There are insufficient training opportunities for this important anesthesia-related skill. More specific education and simulation-based training should be made mandatory for enhancing clinical use ofcricoid pressure.Citation: Butt MN, Hoda MQ. Knowledge, training, and practice of cricoid pressure application by the anesthesiologists of teaching hospitals of a developing country: A national survey. Anaesth. pain & intensive care 2019;23(2):151-156
The use of nutritional screening tools in the intensive therapy unit
Authors: Rajendram Rajkumar , Faisal Khan Muhammad
Published: August 2019

Patients requiring advanced organ support are often malnourished. A rapid, simple and reasonably accurate method of identifying malnutrition is through the use of a screening tool. Indeed, a nutritional screen is required to complete a full holistic clinical assessment. Organizations such as ESPEN (the European Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition) recommend standardization of nutritional screening (i.e. use of a single tool across a region). Many tools for nutritional screening have been developed. None have been fully validated for use in the intensive therapy unit (ITU). Moreover, most of these tools consider all critically ill patients to be malnourished or at high risk of malnutrition. However, not all patients in the ITU will benefit from nutritional interventions. For this reason, the Nutrition Risk in Critically ill (NUTRIC) score was developed specifically for patients in ITU. However a recent analysis of the PermiT trial failed to demonstrate any benefit on outcomes associated with the use of the NUTRIC Score. Recommendations on use of a tool for nutritional screening can, therefore, only be based on expert opinion. Those ITUs awaiting a validated tool should adopt a pragmatic approach to identify patients at risk of malnutrition. For those ITUs that are using a tool for screening it is best if this is used at first contact with the patient by a healthcare professional (e.g. a nurse or a doctor) who is not a specialist in nutrition. Subsequently, recurrent, sequential screening can plot the trajectory of a patient’s nutritional status along the timeline of their admission to hospital. This can be continued after step down from ITU to the ward and discharge home. This simple sequential assessment can inform past, present and/or future risk of malnutrition. The subsequent prevention and treatment of malnutrition depend on the management after screening. Thus a support structure for nutritional interventions (e.g. measurement tools, documentation, follow-up plans) is as important as the tools themselves. Citation: Rajendram R, Khan MF. The use of nutritional screening tools in the intensive therapy unit. Anaesth. pain & intensive care 2019;23(2):231-236
Interactive Module Development of Teacher's Measurements
Authors: Editor
Published: August 2019

This research develops an interactive module system that can be used to explore and build a self-assessment checklist on significant learning content in the daily life and work of students in the future. The purpose of this interactive module system is to contribute to the teacher in choosing the appropriate learning content for teaching. This study will focus on the contents of Form 1 history subjects involving teachers and students. In addition, with a self-assessment checklist of teachers, educators can use it in determining significant learning content with the life and nature of student work. The built-in interactive module system also benefits pupils when the learning takes place content and skills that can be used all the time. The data were obtained through field observations in the classroom and teacher work. In general, the use of interactive module systems developed is very good and effective. The findings show that the majority of users have stated that the developed system interface is of interest to the user, in which the navigation system developed is user-friendly. The user states that the usability of the developed system is very helpful to teachers and students in understanding the content of the given lessons.
Pelajar Bekecerdasan Tinggi dalam Kalangan Pelajar Kelas Rancangan Khas
Authors: Nur Syazlina Hanim
Published: August 2019

Falsafah Pendidikan Negara bermatlamat untuk memperkembangkan potensi individu pelajar secara menyeluruh dan bersepadu dari segi jasmani, emosi, rohani dan intelek. Pelbagai rancangan serta strategi sistem pendidikan dilakukan oleh Kementerian Pendidikan bagi merealisasikan hasrat yang dituntut oleh Falsafah Pendidikan Negara dalam melahirkan serta mengembangkan potensi dan kebolehan pelajar.  Kajian ini berkaitan tentang pelajar yang mempunyai kecerdasan tinggi.  Temu bual kepada para guru bertujuan untuk mengetahui tahap pelajar berkecerdasan tinggi yang terdapat di setiap sekolah di negara Malaysia serta melihat tahap kemampuan pelajar tersebut dalam meningkatkan prestasi dalam bidang akademik mahupun kokurikulum. Kaedah kajian yang digunakan adalah temu bual, pemerhatian, dan rujukan. Kesimpulan kajian ini iaitu pelajar yang berkecerdasan tinggi merupakan pelajar yang mempunyai kebolehan dalam setiap matapelajaran di sekolah. Hal ini dimana pelajar berkecerdasan tinggi ini adalah pelajar yang sering mendapat keputusan peperiksaan yang cemerlang dan pelajar yang menjadi tumpuan guru untuk menaikkan nama baik sekolah ke peringkat yang lebih tinggi dalam peperiksaan awam.
Change Detection Analysis Using Surveying and Geoinformatics Techniques
Authors: Onuigbo I. C. , Jwat J. Y.
Published: August 2019

The study was on change detection using Surveying and Geoinformatics techniques. For effective research study, Landsat satellite images and Quickbird imagery of Minna were acquired for three periods, 2000, 2005 and 2012. The research work demonstrated the possibility of using Surveying and Geoinformatics in capturing spatial-temporal data. The result of the research work shows a rapid growth in built-up land between 2000 and 2005, while the periods between 2005 and 2012 witnessed a reduction in this class. It was also observed that change by 2020 may likely follow the trend in 2005 – 2012 all things being equal. Built up area may increase to 11026.456 hectares, which represent 11% change. The study has shown clearly the extent to which MSS imagery and Landsat images together with extensive ground- truthing can provide information necessary for land use and land cover mapping. Attempt was made to capture as accurate as possible four land use and land cover classes as they change through time.
Aquifer Mapping in the Niger Delta Region: A Case Study of Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Seghosime A. , Ehiorobo J. O. , Izinyon O. C. , Oriakhi O.
Published: August 2019

In Nigeria, potable water is in short supply to the greater population and where available, groundwater accounts for over 90% of the supply. Oil exploration and exploitation activities are carried out in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria and this has affected the environment in this region. However, naturally occurring traces of petroleum products in strata or petroleum losses through spillages can contaminate groundwater, thus aquifer mapping in the Niger Delta Region becomes crucial. The study involves collection, collation and analysis of relevant information and data required for successful development of groundwater in Edo state. Groundwater in Edo State occurs under different conditions in the various aquifers defined by the following geological units, namely: Coastal Plain Sands of the Benin Formation, Ogwashi- Asaba, Bende- Ameki and Imo Shale Group of the Tertiary Deposits, False-bedded Sandstones and the Nkporo Shale Group of the Cretaceous deposits and the Basement Complex Rocks which only contain groundwater in the overburden, faults and joints. From the information collated, groundwater levels are deepest in the Ishan Plateau where it is about 171 metres above mean sea level at Ekpoma. Away from the pleateau, groundwater rises southwards and northwards. At Aduwawa/Ikpoba Hill (Benin City), the groundwater level is 40 metres, at Iguiye (Lagos Road, Benin City) to the west, the groundwater level is 55 metres and at Fugar to the north, the groundwater level is 95 metres. The groundwater flow direction is from the Plateau to all other areas with higher groundwater levels. Therefore, aquifer mapping in the Niger Delta region is necessary, as it will help in assessing the availability and development methods to be adopted.
Determination of Heavy Metals in Sawdust Particles, Distribution in Soil and Accumulation in Plants at Ahiaeke Timber Market in Umuahia, Nigeria
Authors: Ogbonna P. C. , Kalu E. N. , Nwankwo O. U,
Published: August 2019

Farmers are constrained to farming on lands adjoined to sources of pollution without considering the health implications of consuming crops grown on such lands. The main route of entry of heavy metals in human body is via ingestion of food contaminated with heavy metals. Heavy metal toxicity has proven to be a major threat and there are several health risks associated with it. This, therefore, necessitated the determination of heavy metals in sawdust, distribution in soil and accumulation in plants at Ahiaeke timber market in Umuahia, Abia State. The study assessed metals (chromium [Cr], zinc [Zn], cadmium [Cd], and copper [Cu]) in sawdust particles, their distribution in soil and accumulation in plants. The highest concentration of Zn (51.00±1.84 mg/kg) and Cr (0.170±0.014 mg/kg) was observed at the sawdust dump 2, Cu (8.24±0.60 mg/kg) was highest at sawdust dump 1 while Cd (4.72±0.071 mg/kg) was highest at sawdust dump 3. The values of the highest concentration of Zn (119.7±7.02 mg/kg), Cu (75.85±4.80 mg/kg) and Cd (22.39±3.30 mg/kg) in soil were observed in 0-10 cm depth at the distance of 20 m. The values of Zn (119.7±7.02 mg/kg) and Cd (22.39±3.30 mg/kg) in soil is above the maximum permitted levels of 60 mg/kg (Zn) and 0.1 mg/kg (Cd) established by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. The highest concentration of Zn (34.70±7.05 mg/kg), Cu (5.34±0.11 mg/kg) and Cd (2.94±0.515) in plants was assimilated by Centrosema pubescence. The level of Cd in plants is well above the permissible limit (PL) 0.3 mg/kg set by FAO/WHO for vegetables and herbs. Consumption of such contaminated C. pubescence can be a route of entry of Cd in grazing animals’ vis-à-vis the people who depend on such herbivores for protein.
Dynamics of Land Surface Temperature in Response to Land Cover Changes in Lagos Metropolis
Authors: Obiefuna J. N. , Nwilo P. C. , Okolie C. J. , Emmanuel E. I. , Daramola O.
Published: August 2019

Land Surface Temperature (LST) is one of the key environmental parameters affected by land cover change. Lagos State has been experiencing an increase in surface temperature due to growing areas of impervious surfaces caused by anthropogenic urban sprawl. While the change in LST has been established, its continuous monitoring and relationship with continuing Land Cover (LC) changes have become imperative for appropriate management and policy actions. This study investigated the effect of land cover change on LST in the rapidly urbanising Lagos metropolis. Using spatio-temporal Landsat imageries with their thermal bands and ancillary data, land cover and LST changes were assessed from 1984 - 2015. The spatial patterns of LST and LC were derived to examine the response of LST to urban growth. Findings confirmed urban sprawl in previously rural areas northward of the metropolis in LGAs such as Ikorodu, Kosofe and those fringing the state’s border with Ogun State. This also confirmed new growth areas as occurring west of the metropolis in Amuwo-Odofin LGA. The results further showed that the rapid urbanisation in Lagos metropolis has altered the surface thermal environment as indicated by increased LST. Built-up area and bare land accounted for the highest increase in LST (as high as 1.5℃ in some areas) while wetlands and other vegetated areas played a vital role in moderating the surface temperature in areas they still occupy. This provides reasonable evidence for the appropriate authorities to institute requisite policies and actions towards moderating urban sprawl while ramping up the development of urban green infrastructure to counter global warming.
Collapsed Buildings: Whose Fault – Clients, Engineers, Architects, Quantity Surveyors, Town Planners or Contractors?
Authors: Okorie V. N. , Omoregie M. J.
Published: August 2019

Buildings collapses in the Nigerian major urban cites continues to engender an excessive number of fatalities, injuries and property damage. This study investigates whose fault, the clients, engineers, architects, quantity surveyors, town planner or contractors in the cause of incessant collapse of building in Lagos State. Two research approaches were employed - quantitative and interview protocol. The findings revealed that greed and engagement of quacks by building clients, lack of commitment by top management of contracting firms, bribery and corruption among town planning officers ranked highest. Thus, achieving sustainable environment, liveable, viable, quality buildings, and better performance deserves collective responsibilities of key participants in building construction delivery chain, particularly during the early planning and design stage. The study therefore, recommends that the key stakeholders should have a rethink and attitudinal change towards their roles and responsibilities in all matters concerning building construction process and save the country from wanton destruction of precious life and property resulting from incessant buildings collapses in our major urban cities.
Farmers’ Perceptions about the Effect of Farm Land Management Practices and Soil Depth on the Distribution of Major Soil Physico-Chemical Properties in Eroded Soils of Aboy Gara Watershed, Gidan District, North Wollo Zone
Authors: Yeshaneh Gebeyaw Tilahun
Published: August 2019

The study was conducted at the Abuhoy Gara Catchment, which is located in the Gidan District of North Wello Zone. The aim of the study was to study farmers’ perceptions about the effect of farm land management practices and soil depth on the distribution of major soil physico-chemical properties in eroded soils of Aboy Gara watershed. To address this issue, semi-structured interviews were conducted in 64 households to gain insight into soil fertility management practices, local methods were used to assess the fertility status of a field, and perceived trends in soil fertility. Thirty-three farmers were then asked to identify fertile and infertile fields. According to farmers response, farmers’ fields were characterized as fertile where it comprise black color, cracks during dry season, good crop performance, vigorous growth of certain plants and presence of plants in a dry environment whereas the infertile is where it shows yellow/white and red colors, compacted soils, stunted plant growth, presence of rocks and stones and wilting or dying of crops in a hot environment. A total of eight indicators (soil color, texture, soil depth, topography, soil drainage, and distance from home, type of weeds grown and cultivation intensity) were found to be used by farmers to evaluate and monitor soil fertility. The results of administered questions showed that the principal indicators mentioned by farmers as very important were soil colour (82.8%), continuous cropping land (72.2%), soil texture (62.8%), distance from home (61%), type of weeds grown (56%), soil depth (55.6%), topography (51.1%), and soil drainage (28.7%) as very important. So, among sixty four interviewed farmers: deep soil (60 farmers), soils near to home (60 farmers), forest soil (59 farmers), smooth fine soil (59 farmers), black color soil (58 farmers) and gentle slope soil (57farmers) are categorized as fertile whereas 59, 57, 56, 55, and 44farmers said that Sandy/coarse soil, shallow soil depth, steep slope soils and yellow/white, red soils and continuously cultivated soils are infertile, respectively. The overall result showed that there was good agreement between farmers’ assessment of the soil fertility status of a field and a number of these indicators. The soil laboratory analysis also corresponded well with farmers’ assessment of soil fertility. Therefore, to design more appropriate research and to facilitate clear communication with farmers, researchers need to recognize farmers’ knowledge, perceptions about assessments of soil fertility. Because, as they included all soil factors affecting plant growth, farmers’ perceptions of soil fertility were found to be more long term day-to-day close practical experience finding than those of researchers.
Seasonal variation in heavy metal accumulation in plants at coal mine sites and possible health risk
Authors: Ogbonna P. C. , Nzegbule E. C. , Okorie P. E.
Published: August 2019

Human health challenges in recent times have been attributed to consumption of food contaminated with heavy metals. Coal mining is an anthropogenic activity that releases heavy metals into the environment. This study, therefore, assessed accumulation of heavy metals (lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As) and iron (Fe)) in plant species in the vicinity of Akwuke and Iva coal mine in Coal city, Enugu State. The results indicate that the highest concentration of Ni (9.02 ± 0.03 mg/kg), As (0.005 ± 0.001 mg/kg) and Cd (2.16 ± 0.07 mg/kg) was accumulated in Alchornea cordifolia while the concentration of Pb (10.37 ± 0.52 mg/kg) was highest in Andropogon gayanus and Fe (231.00 ± 1.41 mg/kg) was highest in Irvingia gabonensis. The values of Ni (9.02 ± 0.03 mg/kg), As (0.005 ± 0.00 mg/kg), Pb (10.37 ± 0.32 mg/kg), Cd (2.02 ± 0.03 mg/kg), and Fe (46.00 ± 1.41 mg/kg) accumulated in A. cordifolia, A. gayanus, D. guinense, and M. indica in wet season were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than their corresponding values (5.04 ± 0.07, 8.96 ± 0.01 and 0.003 ± 0.001 mg/kg, 1.87 ± 0.07 mg/kg, and 33.45 ± 0.21 mg/kg) in dry season, respectively. Alchornea cordifolia, Andropogon gayanus and Irvingia gabonensis consumed by animals and local inhabitants in the vicinity of the two mined sites could expose them to high levels of Pb, Ni and Cd, thus posing a serious health risk to the local people.
The Potentials of Iron and Steel Slags as Supplementary Cementitious Materials in the Nigerian Construction Industry: A Review
Authors: Ogirigbo O. R. , Ukpata J. O. , Inerhunwa I.
Published: August 2019

Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) is a type of Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM) that is currently being used extensively in the global construction industry. SCMs are cheaper than Portland cement, help to improve certain properties of concrete and also help to reduce the environmental footprint associated with the production of Portland cement. GGBS is readily available in most parts of the world as a waste product from iron and steel production. However, its use as a SCM in some countries has not been fully maximized. This is primarily because of lack of documented studies on the properties of GGBS that influences its suitability as a SCM, especially in tropical environments. This paper reviewed the use of GGBS as a SCM for the partial replacement of Portland cement, with particular emphasis on its potential use in tropical warm environments such as Nigeria and other similar countries.
Estimating Partial Nutrient Balance using Nutmon Model in Irrigated Rice-based Farms of the Nigerian Dry Savanna
Authors: B. Abdulrahman , J. Jibrin , M. Bashir
Published: August 2019

Soil fertility decline coupled with the failure to conduct soil analysis by the farmers while generating fertilizer recommendations is among the factors that led to low yield especially in the Dry Savanna of Nigeria which is characterized by a dramatic increase in population. In this study, the performance of the soils at Bunkure Local Government Area of Kano State that was under irrigation farming was estimated using the NUTMON model. This was part of the strategies for boosting agricultural production and to have adequate and sustainable rural development. The experimental findings of this study showed obviously that most of the farms in the research area received a sufficient amount of fertilizer during the growing season despite the lower fertility status of the soils. Even with the continuous productivity within crop-based cropping unit, highly positive balance was obtained for N and slightly for P and K. The result as obtained from the data processing module of the NUTMON model revealed positive partial balances in kg/ha as 220.7, 26.3 and 47.8 for farms 1, 2, and 3 respectively, with the highest balance at farm 2 and the lowest at farm 3, despite the higher quantity of fertilizer (IN 1) that was applied to farm 1 of about 342 kg of Nitrogen. However, the N, P, and K were exported to the farm through the harvested grains and crop residues (OUT 1) and crop residues (OUT 2) considering partial balance. On the other hand, Phosphorus partial balance was also positive as a result revealed 55.0, 13.6 and 16.9kg/ha of Phosphorus for farms 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The K balances for farms 1, 2 and 3 in kg/ha as 68.8, 13.6 and 23.7 respectively which means farm 1 has the highest balance and farm 3 has the lowest. The result showed that the NUTMON model was a valuable tool for estimating nutrient balance and maintaining soil fertility in the study area. Reviewing fertilizer recommendation and its adherence by the farmers was recommended to have an appreciable yield in the study area.
Bipolenins K–N: New sesquiterpenoids from the fungal plant pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana
Authors: Phan Chin-Soon , Li Hang , Kessler Simon , Solomon Peter S , Piggott Andrew M , Chooi Yit-Heng
Published: August 2019

Chemical investigation of the barley and wheat fungal pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana BRIP10943 yielded four new sativene-type sesquiterpenoid natural products, bipolenins K–N (1–4), together with seven related known analogues (5–11), and a sesterterpenoid (12). Their structures were determined by detailed analysis of spectroscopic data, supported by TDDFT calculations and comparison with previously reported analogues. These compounds were evaluated for their phytotoxic activity against wheat seedlings and wheat seed germination. The putative biosynthetic relationships between the isolated sesquiterpenoids were also explored.
Not So Heavy Metals: Black Hole Feedback Enriches the Circumgalactic Medium
Authors: Sanchez N. Nicole , Werk Jessica K. , Tremmel Michael , Pontzen Andrew , Christensen Charlotte , Quinn Thomas , Cruz Akaxia
Published: August 2019

We examine the effects of supermassive black hole (SMBH) feedback on the circumgalactic medium (CGM) using a cosmological hydrodynamic simulation (Romulus25) and a set of four zoom-in “genetically modified” Milky-Way–mass galaxies sampling different evolutionary paths. By tracing the distribution of metals in the CGM, we show that O vi is a sensitive indicator of SMBH feedback. First, we calculate the column densities of O vi in simulated Milky-Way–mass galaxies and compare them with observations from the COS-Halos Survey. Our simulations show column densities of O vi in the CGM consistent with those of COS-Halos star-forming and quenched galaxies. These results contrast with those from previous simulation studies which typically underproduce CGM column densities of O vi. We determine that a galaxy’s star formation history and assembly record have little effect on the amount of O vi in its CGM. Instead, column densities of O vi are closely tied to galaxy halo mass and BH growth history. The set of zoom-in, genetically modified Milky-Way–mass galaxies indicates that the SMBH drives highly metal-enriched material out into its host galaxy’s halo, which in turn elevates the column densities of O vi in the CGM.
CO and Fine-structure Lines Reveal Low Metallicity in a Stellar-mass-rich Galaxy at z ∼ 1?
Authors: Lamarche C. , Stacey G. J. , Vishwas A. , Brisbin D. , Ferkinhoff C. , Nikola T. , Higdon S. J. U. , Higdon J.
Published: August 2019

We present detections of the CO(4–3) and [C i] 609 μm spectral lines, as well as the dust continuum at 480.5 GHz (rest frame), in 3C 368, a Fanaroff–Riley class II (FR-II) galaxy at redshift (z) 1.131. 3C 368 has a large stellar mass, ∼ 3.6 × 1011
M
⊙, and is undergoing an episode of vigorous star formation, at a rate of ∼ 350 M
⊙ yr−1, and active galactic nucleus activity, with radio-emitting lobes extended over ∼ 73 kpc. Our observations allow us to inventory the molecular-gas reservoirs in 3C 368 by applying three independent methods: (1) using the CO(4–3)-line luminosity, excitation state of the gas, and an α
CO conversion factor, (2) scaling from the [C i]-line luminosity, and (3) adopting a gas-to-dust conversion factor. We also present gas-phase metallicity estimates in this source, both using far-infrared fine-structure lines together with radio free–free continuum emission and independently employing the optical [O iii] 5007 Å and [O ii] 3727 Å lines (R
23 method). Both methods agree on a subsolar gas-phase metallicity of ∼ 0.3 Z
⊙. Intriguingly, comparing the molecular-gas mass estimated using this subsolar metallicity, M
gas ∼ 6.4 × 1010
M
⊙, to dust-mass estimates from multicomponent spectral energy distribution modeling, M
dust ∼ 1.4 × 108
M
⊙, yields a gas-to-dust ratio within ∼ 15% of the accepted value for a metallicity of 0.3 Z
⊙. The derived gas mass puts 3C 368 on a par with other galaxies at z ∼ 1 in terms of specific star formation rate and gas fraction. However, it does not explain how a galaxy can amass such a large stellar population while maintaining such a low gas-phase metallicity. Perhaps 3C 368 has recently undergone a merger, accreting pristine molecular gas from an external source.
Combination of Modified NS1 and NS3 as a Novel Vaccine Strategy against Dengue Virus Infection
Authors: Kao Yu-San , Yu Chia-Yi , Huang Hong-Jyun , Tien Sen-Mao , Wang Wan-Yu , Yang Martyr , Anderson Robert , Yeh Trai-Ming , Lin Yee-Shin , Wan Shu-Wen
Published: August 2019

Dengue virus (DENV) causes a range of illness, including dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome. DENV nonstructural protein (NS) 1 has been considered to be a desirable vaccine candidate for its ability to induce Ab and complement-dependent cytolysis of DENV-infected cells as well as to block the pathogenic effects of NS1. However a potential drawback of NS1 as a vaccine is that anti-DENV NS1 Abs can lead to endothelial cell damage and platelet dysfunction by antigenic cross-reactivity. Therefore, we modified the DENV NS1 by replacing the C-terminal cross-reactive epitopes with the corresponding region of Japanese encephalitis virus NS1 to generate a chimeric DJ NS1 protein. Active immunization with DJ NS1 induced a strong Ab response. To enhance cellular immunity, we further combined DJ NS1 with DENV NS3 to immunize mice and showed activation of Ag-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in addition to Ab responses. We further detected NS3-specific CTL activities as well as CD107a expression of effector cells. Importantly, the protective effects attributed by DJ NS1 and NS3 immunization were demonstrated in a DENV-infected mouse model by reduced viral titers, soluble NS1 levels, mouse tail bleeding time, and vascular leakage at skin injection sites. Collectively, the results from this study reveal the humoral and cellular immune responses and the protective effects conferred by DJ NS1 and NS3 immunization in the mouse model of DENV infection and provide a potential strategy for dengue vaccine design.
Book reviews
Authors: Authors Various
Published: August 2019

No abstract available
Endpoint Sobolev and BV continuity for maximal operators, II
Authors: Madrid José
Published: August 2019

In this paper we study some questions about the continuity of classical and fractional maximal operators in the Sobolev space

W^{1,1}

, in both the continuous and discrete setting, giving a positive answer to two questions posed recently, one of them regarding the continuity of the map

f \mapsto (\widetilde M_{\beta}f)'

from

W^{1,1}(\mathbb{R})

to

L^q(\mathbb{R})

, for

q={1}/{(1-\beta)}

. Here

\widetilde M_{\beta}

denotes the non-centered fractional maximal operator on

\mathbb{R}

, with

\beta\in(0,1)

. The second one is related to the continuity of the discrete centered maximal operator in the space of functions of bounded variation

{\rm BV}(\mathbb{Z})

, complementing some recent boundedness results.
Did Russell experience an epiphany in 1911?
Authors: Schwerin Alan Kenneth
Published: August 2019

Bertrand Russell’s conception of philosophy evolved dramatically in 1911 — the year he fell in love with Lady Ottoline Morrell. For many years Russell had been an ardent advocate of the view that philosophers ought to look for truths that are certain. The co-author of Principia Mathematica altered his commitment to certainty in philosophy in 1911. An analysis of his published views and correspondence from this time strongly suggests that the radical transformation was induced by an epiphany brought about by his emotional entanglement with his lover.
To believe is to believe true
Authors: Sankey Howard
Published: August 2019

It is argued that to believe is to believe true. That is, when one believes a proposition  one thereby believes the proposition to be true. This is a point about what it is to believe  rather than about the aim of belief or the standard of correctness for belief. The point that  to believe is to believe true appears to be an analytic truth about the concept of belief. It  also appears to be essential to the state of belief that to believe is to believe true. This is  not just a contingent fact about our ordinary psychology, since even a non-ordinary believer  must believe a proposition that they believe to be true. Nor is the idea that one may accept a  theory as empirically adequate rather than as true a counter-example, since such acceptance  combines belief in the truth of the observational claims of a theory with suspension of belief  with respect to the non-observational claims of a theory. Nor is the fact that to believe is to  believe true to be explained in terms of an inference governed by the T-scheme from the belief  that P to the belief that P is true, since there is no inference from the former to the latter. To believe that P just is to believe that P is true.
Maria maldita: a falência da civilidade em “Maria”, de Conceição Evaristo
Authors: Savegnago Camila , Vianna Vera Lucia Lenz
Published: August 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho é tecer algumas considerações sobre as temáticas da identidade, da alteridade e da civilidade no conto “Maria”, de Conceição Evaristo, publicado no livro Olhos d’água (2014). A análise pretende responder de que modo, e em que medida, a constituição identitária de Maria e a sua alteridade, configurada na relação com os outros que a cercam em um ambiente público, como o ônibus, contribuem para a violência a que se vê exposta. Do mesmo modo, o esvaziamento da civilidade, nas sociedades como um todo, é mais um fator que discutimos no artigo, pois sua ausência promove a hostilidade e desestabiliza as relações de afeto que podem humanizar a convivência entre indivíduos. Além disso, propomos uma reflexão sobre a alteridade na sociedade contemporânea, onde as relações são mais fluidas, as redes de afeto mais frágeis, a solidão e a incomunicabilidade, por vezes, uma constante, o que acaba por resultar na falência da civilidade.
Imaginários sociodiscursivos da mulher negra: análise do conto "Isaltina Campo Belo", de Conceição Evaristo
Authors: Sousa Avanete Pereira , Cordeiro Emanuela De Souza
Published: August 2019

O espaço da mulher negra na sociedade tem sido construído a duras penas e o modo como ela é representada nos meios de produção cultural colabora para a manutenção de esteriotipias e concepções reducionistas da sua real personalidade. Conceição Evaristo, por meio de uma escrita literária engajada, não só abre espaço para que seja ouvida a voz das mulheres negras, como também as dignifica, humaniza. A partir de estudos bibliográficos e do arcabouço teórico-metodológico da Semiolinguística, do linguista francês Patrick Charaudeau, procedemos com a análise do discurso do texto Isaltina Campo Belo, um dos 13 contos constantes no livro Insubmissas Lágrimas de Mulheres (2011), que é totalmente protagonizado por mulheres. O conceito de imaginários sociodiscursivos foi mobilizado e a análise demonstrou que o texto literário da citada autora revela e ressemantiza, ao mesmo tempo, os imaginários que habitam a memória coletiva da sociedade brasileira. O corpus de análise constituiu-se, além do conto, de elementos paralinguísticos, como textos nos quais Conceição Evaristo explica seu estilo de escrita, a “escrevivência”, textos que abrangem teorias concernentes ao feminismo negro e interseccional, além do conceito de representações sociais, de Serge Moscovici, e de literatura engajada.
Leitura e análise semiótica do poema/canção "Eu-Mulher": a poesia em canto e dança
Authors: Pereira Jaquelânia Aristides , Costa Maria de Fátima Vasconcelos da
Published: August 2019

O discurso literário do feminismo negro, sendo um discurso constituinte, na acepção de Maingueneau (2014), tem atuado em muitas frentes na sociedade brasileira, especialmente em relação ao empoderamento da mulher e ao enfrentamento das relações desiguais de gênero, de classe e de raça, como é o caso da obra da escritora afro-brasileira Conceição Evaristo, cujos poemas têm servido especialmente para celebrar a fortaleza feminina em sintonia com os seus atributos sagrados. Neste artigo, apresentamos nossa análise e nosso discurso de compreensão do poema “Eu-Mulher” em sua relação com o feminino sagrado e com o feminismo negro. Nossa análise semiótica parte, à luz dos estudos de Tatit (2002), da recriação musical e da dança feitas para esse poema, pelo compositor Renato Gama e pela dançarina Malu Avelar, junto ao espetáculo musical Canto de vida e obra: Conceição Evaristo, em que buscamos investigar a sua potencialidade comunicativa em coerência com os sentidos do poema.
Core and margin in warm convective clouds – Part 1: Core types and evolution during a cloud's lifetime
Authors: Heiblum Reuven H. , Pinto Lital , Altaratz Orit , Dagan Guy , Koren Ilan
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The properties of a warm convective cloud are determined by the competition
between the growth and dissipation processes occurring within it. One way to
observe and follow this competition is by partitioning the cloud to core and
margin regions. Here we look at three core definitions, namely positive vertical
velocity (Wcore), supersaturation (RHcore), and positive buoyancy (Bcore),
and follow their evolution throughout the lifetime of warm convective
clouds. Using single cloud and cloud field simulations with bin-microphysics
schemes, we show that the different core types tend to be subsets of one
another in the following order: Bcore⊆RHcore⊆Wcore. This property is seen for several different thermodynamic profile
initializations and is generally maintained during the growing and mature
stages of a cloud's lifetime. This finding is in line with previous works
and theoretical predictions showing that cumulus clouds may be dominated by
negative buoyancy at certain stages of their lifetime. The RHcore–Wcore
pair is most interchangeable, especially during the growing stages of the
cloud. For all three definitions, the core–shell model of a core (positive values)
at the center of the cloud surrounded by a shell (negative values) at the
cloud periphery applies to over 80 % of a typical cloud's lifetime. The
core–shell model is less appropriate in larger clouds with multiple cores
displaced from the cloud center. Larger clouds may also exhibit buoyancy
cores centered near the cloud edge. During dissipation the cores show less
overlap, reduce in size, and may migrate from the cloud center.
Core and margin in warm convective clouds – Part 2: Aerosol effects on core properties
Authors: Heiblum Reuven H. , Pinto Lital , Altaratz Orit , Dagan Guy , Koren Ilan
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The effects of aerosol on warm convective cloud cores are evaluated using
single cloud and cloud field simulations. Three core definitions are
examined: positive vertical velocity (Wcore), supersaturation
(RHcore), and positive buoyancy (Bcore). As presented in Part 1 (Heiblum et al., 2019),
the property Bcore⊆RHcore⊆Wcore is
seen during growth of warm convective clouds. We show that this property is
kept irrespective of aerosol concentration. During dissipation core
fractions generally decrease with less overlap between cores. However, for
clouds that develop in low aerosol concentrations capable of producing
precipitation, Bcore and subsequently Wcore volume fractions may
increase during dissipation (i.e., loss of cloud mass). The RHcore
volume fraction decreases during cloud lifetime and shows minor sensitivity
to aerosol concentration. It is shown that a Bcore forms due to two processes: (i) convective
updrafts – condensation within supersaturated updrafts and release of
latent heat – and (ii) dissipative downdrafts – subsaturated cloudy downdrafts
that warm during descent and “undershoot” the level of neutral buoyancy. The
former process occurs during cloud growth for all aerosol concentrations.
The latter process only occurs for low aerosol concentrations during
dissipation and precipitation stages where large mean drop sizes permit slow
evaporation rates and subsaturation during descent. The aerosol effect on the diffusion efficiencies plays a crucial role in the
development of the cloud and its partition to core and margin. Using the
RHcore definition, it is shown that the total cloud mass is mostly
dictated by core processes, while the total cloud volume is mostly dictated
by margin processes. Increase in aerosol concentration increases the core
(mass and volume) due to enhanced condensation but also decreases the margin
due to evaporation. In clean clouds larger droplets evaporate much slower,
enabling preservation of cloud size, and even increase by detrainment and
dilution (volume increases while losing mass). This explains how despite
having smaller cores and less mass, cleaner clouds may live longer and grow
to larger sizes.
Chlorine partitioning in the lowermost Arctic vortex during the cold winter 2015/2016
Authors: Marsing Andreas , Jurkat-Witschas Tina , Grooß Jens-Uwe , Kaufmann Stefan , Heller Romy , Engel Andreas , Hoor Peter , Krause Jens , Voigt Christiane
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Activated chlorine compounds in the polar winter stratosphere drive catalytic cycles that deplete ozone and methane, whose abundances are highly relevant to the evolution of global climate. The present work introduces a novel dataset of in situ measurements of relevant chlorine species in the lowermost Arctic stratosphere from the aircraft mission POLSTRACC–GW-LCYCLE–SALSA during winter 2015/2016. The major stages of chemical evolution of the lower polar vortex are presented in a consistent series of high-resolution mass spectrometric observations of HCl and ClONO2. Simultaneous measurements of CFC-12 are used to derive total inorganic chlorine (Cly) and active chlorine (ClOx). The new data highlight an altitude dependence of the pathway for chlorine deactivation in the lowermost vortex with HCl dominating below the 380 K isentropic surface and ClONO2 prevailing above. Further, we show that the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) is generally able to reproduce the chemical evolution of the lower polar vortex chlorine budget, except for a bias in HCl concentrations. The model is used to relate local measurements to the vortex-wide evolution. The results are aimed at fostering our understanding of the climate impact of chlorine chemistry, providing new observational data to complement satellite data and assess model performance in the climate-sensitive upper troposphere and lower stratosphere region.
Inter-comparison of elemental and organic carbon mass measurements from three North American national long-term monitoring networks at a co-located site
Authors: Chan Tak W. , Huang Lin , Banwait Kulbir , Zhang Wendy , Ernst Darrell , Wang Xiaoliang , Watson John G. , Chow Judith C. , Green Mark , Czimczik Claudia I. , Santos Guaciara M. , Sharma Sangeeta , Jones Keith
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Carbonaceous aerosol is a major contributor to the total aerosol load and
being monitored by diverse measurement approaches. Here, 10 years
(2005–2015) of continuous carbonaceous aerosol measurements collected at the
Centre of Atmospheric Research Experiments (CARE) in Egbert, Ontario, Canada,
on quartz-fiber filters by three independent networks (Interagency
Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments, IMPROVE; Canadian Air and
Precipitation Monitoring Network, CAPMoN; and Canadian Aerosol Baseline
Measurement, CABM) were compared. Specifically, the study evaluated how
differences in sample collection and analysis affected the concentrations of
total carbon (TC), organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC). Results
show that different carbonaceous fractions measured by various networks were
consistent and comparable in general among the three networks over the 10-year period, even with different sampling systems/frequencies, analytical
protocols, and artifact corrections. The CAPMoN TC, OC, and EC obtained from
the DRI
model 2001 thermal–optical carbon analyzer following the IMPROVE-TOR
protocol (denoted as DRI-TOR) method were lower than those determined from the
IMPROVE_A TOR method by 17 %, 14 %, and 18 %,
respectively. When using transmittance for charring correction, the
corresponding carbonaceous fractions obtained from the Sunset-TOT were lower
by as much as 30 %, 15 %, and 75 %, respectively. In comparison, the
CABM TC, OC, and EC obtained from a thermal method, EnCan-Total-900 (ECT9), were higher than
the corresponding fractions from IMPROVE_A TOR by 20 %–30 %,
0 %–15 %, and 60 %–80 %, respectively. Ambient OC and EC concentrations were
found to increase when ambient temperature exceeded 10 ∘C. These
increased ambient concentrations of OC during summer were possibly
attributed to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation and forest fire
emissions, while elevated EC concentrations were potentially influenced by
forest fire emissions and increased vehicle emissions. Results also show
that the pyrolyzed organic carbon (POC) obtained from the ECT9 protocol could provide additional information on SOA although more
research is still needed.