bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Rise and Fall of the Branchhead Boys
Authors: Christensen Rob
Published: May 2020

Louisiana had the Longs, Virginia had the Byrds, Georgia had the Talmadges, and North Carolina had the Scotts. In this history of North Carolina’s most influential political family, Rob Christensen tells the story of the Scotts and how they dominated Tar Heel politics. Three generations of Scotts – W. Kerr Scott, Robert Scott, and Meg Scott Phipps – held statewide office. Despite stereotypes about rural white southerners, the Scotts led a populist and progressive movement strongly supported by rural North Carolinians – the so-called Branchhead Boys, the rural grassroots voters who lived at the heads of tributaries throughout the heat of North Carolina. Though the Scotts held power in various government positions in North Carolina for generations, they were instrumental in their own downfall. From Kerr Scott’s regression into reactionary race politics to Meg Scott Phipps’s corruption trial and subsequent prison sentence, the Scott family lost favor in their home state, their influence dimmed and their legacy in question.
Weaving together interviews from dozens of political luminaries and deep archival research, Christensen offers an engaging and definitive historical account of not only the Scott family’s legacy but also how race and populism informed North Carolina politics during the twentieth century.
Introduction
Authors: Christensen Rob
Published: May 2020

This chapter provides an overview of North Carolina’s leading political family, the Scotts. It examines the rural progressivism that was a powerful influence in mid-20th century North Carolina, and how that progressivism declined with racial integration, the Vietnam War, the civil rights movement and other high-profile social issues
King Tobacco and the Farm Boy
Authors: Christensen Rob
Published: May 2020

Gov. Bob Scott was elected as a moderate and he had a less ambitious agenda than his father. His toughest legislative fight was pushing through the state’s first cigarette tax to finance a kindergarten system. This was a difficult in a state where “King Tobacco” was critical to the state’s economy.
Introduction
Authors: Broadwater Jeff , Kickler Troy L.
Published: May 2020

The introduction provides a summary of North Carolina’s history from roughly 1763 to 1789, the nation’s Founding Era. America’s federal system made state leaders critical to the outcome of the American Revolution. Radicalized by controversies such as the debate over foreign attachments, which involved the jurisdiction of colonial courts, North Carolina in the Halifax Resolves became the first state to endorse independence. Although the state was plagued by internal unrest, typified by the pre-Revolutionary Regulator movement, most of North Carolina’s political elite supported the Revolution. On the question of further reform, however, they split into conservative and radical factions. During the debate over ratification of the Constitution, pro-ratification Federalists battled Anti-Federalists, who opposed ratification. While North Carolina eventually ratified the Constitution, the Anti-Federalists’ small-government ideology ultimately proved more congenial to the state’s voters.
Declaring Independence
Authors: Broadwater Jeff
Published: May 2020

This chapter profiles the three North Carolina signers of the Declaration of Independence: William Hooper, Joseph Hewes, and John Penn. In doing so, it demythologizes their status as signers of the Declaration--none of them seemed to recognize the significance of the Declaration as a statement of political principles--without minimizing their achievements. Hooper was a sophisticated political thinker. Hewes was a useful and pragmatic member of the Continental Congress. Penn, though lightly regarded by his contemporaries and most subsequent historians, served in Congress longer than any other North Carolinian of the Revolutionary era. Their careers also illustrate the divisions that existed among the founding generation. Hooper and Hewes were eastern conservatives and reluctant revolutionaries. Penn represented the more reform-minded west. All died in their forties, too soon to have much impact on post-war politics.
An Ordinary Founder
Authors: Rodabaugh Karl
Published: May 2020

Born in New Bern in 1758 to a prominent colonial official, Richard Dobbs Spaight rose quickly in North Carolina politics, becoming an aide-de-camp to Governor Richard Caswell in 1778. He later served as speaker of the lower house of the state assembly, as a member of Congress under the Articles of Confederation, and as governor. As a delegate to the federal Constitutional Convention, Spaight made one highly significant procedural motion: to permit a delegate to request reconsideration of a previously decided issue. A Federalist and a conservative, Spaight believed in the rule of elite, and in his mind, public-spirited slave-owners. In the late 1790s, however, he became a Democratic-Republican. A partisan feud led to his death in a duel with Federalist John Stanly in 1802.
The Political Views of Richard Caswell and the Founding of the New Nation
Authors: Johnson Lloyd
Published: May 2020

Richard Caswell was the first and fifth governor of North Carolina, a member of the Continental Congress, and the co-author of the North Carolina constitution of 1776. Caswell’s political success owed much to his role as a leader of North Carolina forces at the Battle of Moore’s Creek Bridge, one of the first American victories in the southern phase of the American Revolution. The American defeat at the Battle of Camden in 1780, where Caswell was a militia commander, tarnished his reputation only slightly. Citing ill health, he declined an appointment to serve in the federal Constitutional Convention, although he supported strengthening the national government. Caswell might best be described as a popular conservative who often supported reform, including the creation of a public school system and a state university.
Willie Jones
Authors: Scott Kyle
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines the political thought of Anti-Federalist leader Willie Jones and attempts to situate him in the broader context of American intellectual history. A Virginia native from a prominent family, Jones established a plantation in Halifax County, which he represented in a series of colonial and state assemblies. After the colonies declared independence, Jones took charge of the radical faction in the North Carolina legislature. At the Hillsborough convention of 1788, Jones saw no need for North Carolina to ratify the Constitution immediately. He believed emotional and cultural ties united the thirteen states whatever their political status. North Carolina could join the Union whenever it wished. In the meantime, it could demand amendments to protect individual and states’ rights. Jones’s position reflected the long standing and widespread belief that small republics best protected individual liberty.
The Poetic Front
Authors: Ehlers Sarah
Published: May 2020

This introductory chapter examines how the historical and economic crisis of the Great Depression coincided with a complementary crisis in the literary. It argues that the 1930s is a crucible for understanding both the history of modern American poetics and the role of poetic thought in conceptualizing historical change. The introduction surveys important historical aspects of the left poetry community during the interwar period, and it outlines the book’s interventions in contemporary poetry scholarship as well as in studies of left literary culture.
The Left Needs Rhythm
Authors: Ehlers Sarah
Published: May 2020

This chapter considers the role of the archive in left literary studies through a recovery of Jewish-American communist poet Martha Millet. Specifically, it uses Millet’s work to trace a history and theory of poetic rhythm that rethinks the relationship between modernist poetic forms and left politics. The chapter’s first section uses Millet’s involvement with the children’s magazine The New Pioneer to unpack the historical relationship between traditional forms and political community formation. The generic histories enacted by communist children’s poems provide a foundation for considering how rhythm was evoked in Popular Front and antifascist poetic discourses. The second section argues that during the Popular Front diverse traditional genres were collapsed into an ideal rhythmic poem, where rhythm described both form and function. The third section focuses on Millet’s contributions to Seven Poets in Search of an Answer (1944) to demonstrate how rhythm was redefined in antifascist discourses. Throughout, the chapter suggests how Millet’s poetry might be read in relation to poets such as Carl Sandburg, Lorine Niedecker, and Kenneth Fearing. A coda returns to Millet’s Cold War criticism in order to ask what is at stake in her critical erasure and her critical recovery.
Who Can Say They Are Apathetic and Listless Now?
Authors: Miller Douglas K.
Published: May 2020

Roughly 65,000 Native American people enlisted for overseas service or contributed domestically to war production industries during World War II. Expansive off-reservation work and migration experiences created a historical precedent and network for subsequent waves of Native peoples who moved to cities for new opportunities and better standards of living after making significant contributions to the United States’ victory in World War II. Meanwhile, paying attention to Native American patriotism and urban labor, the federal government began envisioning an urban relocation program.
Conclusion
Authors: Miller Douglas K.
Published: May 2020

Narratives of declension and suffering have dominated histories and even popular memories of the Indian urban relocation experience. While negative consequences certainly overwhelmed many people’s experiences, and while the federal government was certainly derelict in its duty and dishonest in its promise, many Native American urban migrants achieved lives marked by dynamism, resiliency, audibility, visibility, and improved living standards. To obscure these important outcomes might be to unwittingly perpetuate another problematic story of Indians being swindled by settler powers. Native urban migrants incorporated urbanity into their futures. They chose to expand their worlds and spheres of influence, and not embalm them. Ultimately, we can see Indian urbanization as an empowering story.
Rice in the Time of Sugar
Authors: Pérez Jr. Louis A.
Published: May 2020

How did Cuba’s long-established sugar trade result in the development of an agriculture that benefited consumers abroad at the dire expense of Cubans at home? In this history of Cuba, Louis A. Pérez proposes a new Cuban counterpoint: rice, a staple central to the island’s cuisine, and sugar, which dominated an export economy 150 years in the making. In the dynamic between the two, dependency on food imports—a signal feature of the Cuban economy—was set in place. Cuban efforts to diversify the economy through expanded rice production were met with keen resistance by U.S. rice producers, who were as reliant on the Cuban market as sugar growers were on the U.S. market. U.S. growers prepared to retaliate by cutting the sugar quota in a struggle to control Cuban rice markets. Pérez’s chronicle culminates in the 1950s, a period of deepening revolutionary tensions on the island, as U.S. rice producers and their allies in Congress clashed with Cuban producers supported by the government of Fulgencio Batista. U.S. interests prevailed—a success, Pérez argues, that contributed to undermining Batista’s capacity to govern. Cuba’s inability to develop self-sufficiency in rice production persists long after the triumph of the Cuban revolution. Cuba continues to import rice, but, in the face of the U.S. embargo, mainly from Asia. U.S. rice growers wait impatiently to recover the Cuban market.
Sacrifice and Pilgrimage
Authors: Wheeler Brannon
Published: May 2020

The author tries to find the origins of pilgrimage to Mecca in the pre-Islam era. Focusing on the pre-Islamic practices that linked pilgrimage, sacrifice, and visitation of the dead in the Arabian Peninsula, he refers to the graves of Mecca and explains the early Muslim pilgrimage. By referring to the ideas of cosmogony and eschatology, he shows how the mythological and ritual character of the Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca makes it so central and significant to Muslim identity and history.
Pilgrimage and Transnational Religious Imagination in the Muslim Communities of Brazil
Authors: Pinto Paulo G.
Published: May 2020

Focusing on the opening of Brazilian society to transnational and globalized cultural trends in the past decades, the author concentrates on the issue of the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca and other Middle Eastern pilgrimage sites. He discusses the religious and cultural dynamics of the Muslim communities in Brazil and connects that with Brazilian Muslims subjects that experience a kind of globalizing in transnational arenas. The author argues that the transformation of the Muslim religious subjects often implies adherence to a specific codification of Islam or, at least, reconfiguration of previous understandings and forms of living one’s Muslim identity.
Red, White, and Blue
Authors: Arjana Sophia Rose , Aslan Rose
Published: May 2020

The authors of this article examine the travel narratives of several Muslim Americans who have performed Hajj. They try to provide some insights into the different ways in which they experience the journey. They start with a discussion about the general situation of Muslims in America and explain the modality of arranging to travel to Mecca. At last, they explore the hajj narratives of the American Muslims and read some of the essential hajj travelogues written by American Muslims.
Introduction
Authors: Reese Ashanté M.
Published: May 2020

This chapter reviews the literature on racism in the food system and demonstrates how theories of anti-blackness help to further frame contemporary food access inequities in cities. Building on literature from scholars who have framed self-reliance in the Black experience, the chapter also outlines “geographies of self-reliance,” a framework for understanding how self-reliance is not simply ideological but also becomes a spatial mechanism. Lastly, the chapter offers “quiet food refusals”—the types of food work and decisions being made outside the public gaze—to make a case for paying attention to the everyday ways Black residents are navigating the unequal food system.
Come to Think of It, We Were Pretty Self-Sufficient
Authors: Reese Ashanté M.
Published: May 2020

This chapter provides an historical overview of Deanwood, a predominantly Black neighborhood in Washington, D.C. It details several key periods in the neighborhood’s development and the role food played in each, arguing that self-reliance was integral to the early sustainability of the neighborhood, as it undergirded the development of schools, small businesses, and small grocery stores. Secondly, this chapter explores the systematic decline of supermarkets in the poorest and blackest areas of Washington, D.C., and examines what that decline meant for residents and the city.
What Is Our Culture? I Don’t Even Know
Authors: Reese Ashanté M.
Published: May 2020

This chapter turns to the role of nostalgia in placemaking, community building, and the ways residents evaluated their local food system. In it, residents discuss self-reliance as a foundational ethos in the neighborhood’s history and also offer critiques of themselves and each other for not embodying self-reliance in the present, reflecting on the question “who is responsible?” for unequal food access. This chapter makes a claim that nostalgia plays an important role in the stories that people tell about food in the neighbourhood.
Before 1619
Authors: Mancall Peter C.
Published: May 2020

Before 1619, the English failed time and again in their efforts to establish colonies in the Western Hemisphere. But, despite the disappointments and loss of capital and human life, a group of Elizabethan promoters, led by the younger Richard Hakluyt, kept the goal of establishing American settlements alive. Yet even Hakluyt eventually grew weary of the problems that the English faced, including in Virginia. Still, efforts to maintain the nascent colony in the face of its many problems continued long enough for the colonists to recognize the value of tobacco. That economic possibility proved sufficient to sustain investment in Virginia despite the terrible relations that the newcomers had with the Pasapeghs, the local Algonquians led by Wahunsonacock, known as Powhatan to the English. The colony survived to 1619, but its existence remained precarious unless the English could identify a reliable source of labor to produce and export tobacco.
Private Plantation
Authors: Musselwhite Paul
Published: May 2020

In addition to the other momentous events of 1619, the year also marked the Virginia Company’s first widespread granting of private land to colonists. The private land grants have long been seen as a natural outgrowth of a peculiarly English colonial desire to own and exploit land in the Americas, and as a first step toward the construction of a Lockean liberal settler society. This essay challenges these assumptions by recovering the long and complex debate within the Virginia Company about the virtues and pitfalls of offering planters private land. It traces different schemes for establishing landownership and connects them to competing ideas about market regulation and political economy in contemporary England. The essay ultimately argues that the system of plantation estates that developed in the 1620s, operated by private planters with indentured laborers but retaining some civic functions, was a compromise between these two models. It represented a unique evolution of English thinking about landownership, commerce, and civic order, which can only be fully understood by acknowledging the complex negotiation over private land that wracked the Virginia Company in the late 1610s.
From John Smith to Adam Smith
Authors: Greene Jack P.
Published: May 2020

This chapter explores the long-term legacies of 1619 for the construction of an English settler colonial model. While contemporary Irish plantation projects gave the English colonizing movement considerable experience with settler colonization in densely populated and recognizably European areas, that experience by no means prepared that movement for planting in far-off lands inhabited by unfamiliar people with exotic cultures. As England’s first sustained experience with settler colonization at a distance, the Virginia colony played a foundational role in identifying, confronting, and working out solutions to the many problems that colonizers throughout the Anglo-American world would face as they created in the Americas the powerful and highly successful settler empire that many observers, including Adam Smith in the Wealth of Nations (1776), would celebrate during the last half of the eighteenth century. This essay treats the Virginia colony as a learning laboratory and offer a systematic survey of the problems the colony confronted and how its solutions would inform and influence later English settler colonizing projects.
Introduction
Authors: Faulkenbury Evan
Published: May 2020

This introduction lays out the main arguments of the book. It begins with a case study, a voting rights campaign in Orangeburg, South Carolina, during the early 1960s with support from the Voter Education Project (VEP). It then zooms out and explains the scope and importance of the VEP during the civil rights era. The book argues that the VEP was the main engine that drove the civil rights movement forward by providing money and support to hundreds of African American grassroots campaigns throughout eleven southern states, money deriving from philanthropic foundations, up until conservatives cut off the money supply through the Tax Reform Act of 1969.
Southern Disfranchisement and the Long Origins of the Voter Education Project
Authors: Faulkenbury Evan
Published: May 2020

This chapter gives the century-long context to the VEP, going back to Reconstruction and the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution. To fight back against white supremacy and disfranchisement, African Americans pursued voting rights and political power, though with limited success before the VEP. This chapter argues that three main events led to the VEP. First, the Southern Regional Council trailblazed a research path; second, the Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom signalled to the nation that black voting rights were patriotic and Christian; and third, the Crusade for Citizenship failed, but proved that a southwide social movement for the ballot was possible.
FKBP5 Gene Variants as Predictors for Antidepressant Response in Individuals with Major Depressive Disorder Who Have Experienced Childhood Trauma. A Systematic Review
Authors: Wietfeldt Natalie
Published: May 2020

FKBP5 gene variants may predict antidepressant treatment response in individuals with Major Depressive Disorder. PubMed and Web of Science were searched systematically for articles studying individuals who had received a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and were given antidepressant treatment. Inclusion criteria were studies that researched FKBP5 and its variants and focused on antidepressant treatment response. Previous studies support a potential underlying epigenetic mechanism, demethylation at FKBP5 polymorphisms (rs1360780, rs3800373, rs9470080, and rs4713916) after experiencing childhood trauma, leading to increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis sensitivity and a propensity for the development of MDD. These polymorphisms informed the search, but additional polymorphisms (rs9380514, rs352428) were also considered. Studies conducted prior to 2008, reviews, meta-analyses, editorials, and non-research based articles were excluded. Studies examined in this article link FKBP5 polymorphisms (rs4713916) and FKBP5 RNA levels with positive antidepressant response. Variants rs1360780, rs3800373, and rs9470080 were associated with both positive response and non-response or lack of remission. Variants rs9380514, rs352428, and rs936882 were associated with poor response to antidepressant treatment or non-remission. Further insights into the role FKBP5 plays in development and antidepressant treatment response may be aided by future studies focused on individuals who previously experienced childhood trauma and later developed MDD.
OS PRINCÍPIOS DO LIBERALISMO E DO NEOLIBERALISMO E AS DIFICULDADES DA CRÍTICA EM EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Guimarães Ged
Published: May 2020

RESUMO: Neste artigo interrogam-se os princípios liberais e neoliberais e afirma-se que ambos desprezam o sentido político da vida dos homens, sobretudo os de inspiração neoliberal. Recorre-se a autores como Vernant (1996), Locke (1993), Keynes (1996), Smith (2012) e Marx (2013), para compreender a sociedade capitalista e dizer que, no âmbito da formação, ela pressupõe um indivíduo que saiba operá-la tecnicamente e que dificilmente as escolas e as universidades superam essa quase única finalidade.  Conclui-se defendendo que a efetiva dimensão educativa impõe o sentido político no ofício de ensinar.
DO LIBERALISMO AO NEOLIBERALISMO: LIBERDADE, INDIVÍDUO E IGUALDADE
Authors: Lemos Adriane Guimarães de Siqueira
Published: May 2020

O objetivo do texto é compreender a racionalidade que organiza e direciona o movimento do liberalismo ao neoliberalismo na dinâmica de permanências e rupturas. A análise se deu a partir de algumas categorias que se enquadram nos fundamentos do liberalismo e neoliberalismo: a liberdade, o indivíduo e a igualdade. A partir disso, percebeu-se que há um retorno dos neoliberais às posições do liberalismo clássico, mas não de forma equivalente. No neoliberalismo há o acirramento e a radicalização das proposições liberais.

Palavras-chave: Neoliberalismo. Liberalismo. Liberdade. Igualdade.

 

Adriane Guimarães de Siqueira Lemos

Doutoranda no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da UFG. Mestra em Educação pela UFG. Graduada em Pedagogia e Letras. Professora na Rede Municipal de Goiânia e na Rede Estadual de Goiás.

adrianegsiqueira@hotmail.com

Fone: (62) 3536-4189 / (62) 99976-9557

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9041-1879
O RETROCESSO DA REFORMA DO ENSINO MÉDIO, A BNCC, O NEOLIBERALISMO EDUCACIONAL E A MARGINALIZAÇÃO DOS INSTITUTOS FEDERAIS - IFs
Authors: Esquinsani Rosimar Serena Siqueira , Sobrinho Sidinei Cruz
Published: May 2020

RESUMO

O artigo analisa e discute as principais justificativas governamentais para a política pública educacional da Reforma do Ensino Médio (2017), e a Base Nacional Comum Curricular para o Ensino Médio (BNCC-EM, 2018). Demonstra o conflito da compreensão de Educação para a Formação Integral, explícita no Art. 205 da Constituição Federal de 1988, com a ideia em desenvolvimento para uma educação mercantilista neoliberal. Afirma o retrocesso do “Novo Ensino Médio” comparado as reformas da mesma etapa de ensino durante a ditadura militar e, em nível mundial, a partir de referenciais como as reformas na França e Estados Unidos. A pesquisa se fundamenta a partir da hermenêutica dos argumentos da exposição de motivos para a Lei 13.415/2017, declarações do governo (MEC) na mídia, estudos e relatórios sobre o tema e fundamentação de aporte teórico em Dardot, Laval e outros. Conclui pela refutação à lógica neoliberal da reforma do ensino médio e no currículo por habilidades e competências na BNCC. Sugere a retomada e a ampliação da experiência dos Institutos Federais – IFs na perspectiva da formação integral e da educação profissional integrada ao ensino médio na educação pública.

Palavras-chave: Reforma do Ensino Médio, BNCC, Neoliberalismo, Institutos Federais – Ifs.
O NEOLIBERALISMO COMO OFENSIVA NEOCONSERVADORA À EDUCAÇÃO BRASILEIRA
Authors: Miranda Marilia Gouvea de
Published: May 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é introduzir um debate sobre o neoliberalismo em seus aspectos conceituais e históricos, tendo em vista os desafios postos por esse processo em sua nova etapa no Brasil e algumas de suas particularidades. Para tanto, o ponto de partida é uma discussão sobre o liberalismo, com a finalidade de situar as bases que serão preservadas ou recriadas sob o neoliberalismo contemporâneo, sempre com a preocupação de situar, histórica e conceitualmente, os processos que são próprios do modo de produção capitalista. Em seguida, pretende-se apreender os aspectos constitutivos desse neoliberalismo contemporâneo e situá-los na perspectiva de seus desdobramentos e de algumas questões relativas à educação como uma política social, uma dimensão da cultura ou uma prática escolar
Allelopathic Potential of Rice Cultivars Sowing in Santa Catarina State on Weedy Rice
Authors: Hoffmann Gabriela , Luiza Schelter Mayra , Fruet Diogo Luiz , Dos Santos Neto José Cristimiano , De Goes Maciel Cleber Daniel , Guerra Naiara , De Oliveira Neto Antonio Mendes
Published: May 2020

Weedy rice belongs to the same species as grown rice, and because it has similar morphophysiological characteristics, its control is difficult, bringing negative effects to the crop. Thus, the work aimed to evaluate the allelopathic potential of the main paddy rice cultivars sowing in Santa Catarina on weedy rice. In the laboratory, with treatments organized in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, the aqueous extract of four paddy rice cultivars (SCSBRS Tio Taka, SCS 116 Satoru, SCS 121 CL and SCS 122 Miura) was evaluated in five concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%). In a greenhouse, with treatments in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme, the straw allelopathy capacity of the same rice cultivars in two quantities (0.0 and 3.0 t ha-1) was evaluated to suppress germination and weedy rice initial growth. All experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design. In the first assay, the aqueous extract of the paddy rice cultivars used in the state of Santa Catarina did not have an allelopathic effect on weedy rice. In the second assay, it was found that the presence of rice straw reduced the density of weedy rice plants. However, the presence of straw on the soil favored the initial growth of the weed, significantly increasing the plant height, number of leaves per plant and shoot dry biomass.
Linear Relationships Between Yield, Quality and Phenological Traits of Strawberry Cultivars
Authors: Diel Maria Inês , Lúcio Alessandro Dal’Col , Schmidt Denise , Pinheiro Marcos Vinícius Marques , Olivoto Tiago , Sari Bruno Giacomini , De Melo Patricia Jesus , Tartaglia Francieli De Lima , Tischler André Luis , Lambrecht Darlei Michalski
Published: May 2020

The great economic importance attributed to strawberry cultivation raises the interest in cultivars of high productivity and superior fruit quality. The quality of fruit is the most impacting factor for the strawberry marketing, but selecting genotypes that combine high production and high fruit quality has been a difficult task. The objective of this study was to determine the linear relationships between phenological, quality and production variables of strawberry aiming at identifying potential variables for indirect selection in future selection processes of strawberry genotypes. A trial was conducted in a randomized block design with two cultivars and two transplant origins, grown in four types of substrate. Fifteen variables, including phenological, productive and fruit quality-related variables were assessed. The selected variables explained 45.2 and 39.1 % for PC1 and PC2 respectively, totaling 84.3 % of the total variance of the variables in the PCA, and indicated important relationships between the variables, and a path analysis revealed success for indirect selection of total mass of fruits based on the total number of fruits (0.81413). Changes in crop management that reduces the period between planting date and full flowering may be an alternative to increase the production of strawberry and provide fruits with higher quality.
What Grounds Special Treatment Between Siblings?
Authors: Hunt Marcus William
Published: May 2020

Siblings ought to treat one another specially – in other words, siblings qua siblings ought to treat one another in ways that they need not treat others. This paper offers a theory of why this is the case. The paper begins with some intuitive judgments about how siblings ought to treat one another and some other normative features of siblinghood. I then review three potential theories of why siblings ought to treat one another specially, adapted from the literature on filial piety: the gratitude theory, the friendship theory, and the special goods theory. In each case, these theories fail to explain some of the intuitive judgments about how siblings ought to treat one another. The paper then proposes a familial belonging theory. The institution of the family has certain goals, which impose normative demands on family members. I suggest that one such family goal is that every member feel familial belonging towards every other member, a goal which grounds the ways in which siblings ought to treat one another specially.

Keywords: family ethics, filial piety, friendship, gratitude, sibling
Emergency, Values and Evidence
Authors: Alvarez Allen , Stabell Espen , Thorseth May
Published: May 2020

This open issue of the Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics consists of four papers that discuss the topics covering vaccination, sustainability, development ethics research and family ethics. It also includes a book review.
Neoliberalism’s Scorpion Tail
Authors: Brown Wendy
Published: May 2020

Recent hard right political mobilizations in the West are commonly framed as rebellions against neoliberalism. This chapter questions that framing as it identifies neoliberal reason with the aim to replace robust democracy and social justice with authoritarian liberalism, traditional morality, and, of course, unregulated markets. Politically pacified citizens disciplined by patriarchal families and free markets, themselves secured by lean, strong states—this was the neoliberal dream. The dream twisted, of course, and the chapter concludes with reflections on the current conjuncture.
Doxography and Psychoanalysis, or Relegating Truth to the Lowly Status It Deserves
Authors: Cassin Barbara
Published: May 2020

This chapter serves as an introduction to the history and methodology of “doxography” as the deeply problematic means by which Presocratic texts have been transmitted and passed down to us.It highlights the importance of Diogenes Laertius, as one of the most brilliant early doxographers, and the ground-breakingDoxographiGraeci of the nineteenth century German classical scholar and philologist, Herman Diels.Like the sophists, Lacan questions the primacy of truth in both philosophical and psychoanalytic discourse, which is “relegated to the lowly status it deserves.”
Postcolonial Bergson
Authors: Diagne Souleymane Bachir , Drabinski John E.
Published: May 2020

Henri Bergson has been the subject of keen interest within French philosophy ever since being championed by Gilles Deleuze and others. Yet his influence extends well beyond European philosophy, especially within Africa and South Asia. Postcolonial Bergson traces the influence of Bergson’s thought through the work of two major figures in the postcolonial struggle, Muhammad Iqbal and Léopold Sédar Senghor. Poets and statesmen as well as philosophers, both of these thinkers—the one Muslim and the other Catholic—played an essential political and intellectual role in the independence of their respective countries. Both found, in Bergson’s work, important support for their philosophical, cultural, and political projects. For Iqbal, a founding father of independent Pakistan, Bergson’s conceptions of time and creative evolution resonated with the need for the “reconstruction of religious thought in Islam,” a religious thought newly able to incorporate innovation and change. For Senghor, Bergsonian ideas of perception, intuition, and élan vital—filtered in part through the work of the French philosopher Pierre Teilhard de Chardin—proved crucial for thinking about African art, as well as foundational for his formulations of African socialism and his visions of an unalienated African future. At a moment of renewed interest in Bergson’s philosophy, this book, by a major figure in both French and African philosophy, gives an expanded idea of the political ramifications of Bergson’s thought in a postcolonial context.
Introduction
Authors: Gschwandtner Christina M.
Published: May 2020

As this book tries to address multiple audiences who may well not be familiar with the other disciplines that are engaged here, the Introduction tries to provide some background for phenomenology as a methodology and the ways in which this philosophical examination touches on liturgical theology. (Brief introductions are also provided in each chapter for what liturgical theology and phenomenology have to say to the respective topic under consideration for those readers not familiar with the material.) This may also be a good place to make clear that I claim no expertise in all of the multiple disciplines and bodies of research that are on some level relevant to the topic of liturgy: liturgics (as the historical study of liturgy), liturgical theology, ritual studies, patristics, Orthodox theology more broadly, art history and the study of religious architecture, iconography, and others. I have in all cases attempted to find the most up-to-date research and to inform myself as thoroughly as possible, but obviously could not possibly master that many disciplines and may well have missed some important recent information or disregarded crucial methodological parameters. I beg the indulgence of the experts in the various fields for this philosophical engagement with a variety of insights from their respective disciplines....
Intentionality
Authors: Gschwandtner Christina M.
Published: May 2020

Chapter 7 criticizes the way in which many contemporary phenomenologists privilege the question of God in their analyses and argues that we must focus instead on human experience. Intentionality is crucial in liturgy and may become a way of ascertaining how liturgical participants are directed toward the divine and expect to encounter God within it. Within liturgy we express hope for a merciful God.
Levinas: Beyond Reciprocity—For-the-Other and the Costly Gift
Authors: Hénaff Marcel
Published: May 2020

This chapter focuses on Emmanuel Levinas's conception of reciprocity, which allows one to understand what is at the core of his conception of the gift. For him, the gift is always—or rather cannot be anything else than—unconditional oblation, boundless largesse toward Others. This conception precludes any idea of exchange—be it generous and festive—and probably explains why Levinas never discusses the ritual gift Mauss discusses, defined by the triple obligation to give, accept, and reciprocate. Only the first obligation could make sense to Levinas, whereas the third can only turn the gesture of giving toward what he calls the economy, the Same, and happiness. The chapter then determines if it is possible to free reciprocity from the malediction Levinas seems to cast on it, and if the theoretical difficulties he raises might not fall away once a different perspective opens up on the relationship between the Self and Others, without in any way erasing the ethical responsibility of the Self.
Propositions II: Approaches to Reciprocity
Authors: Hénaff Marcel
Published: May 2020

This chapter looks at different approaches to the subject of reciprocity. Whereas many philosophers tend to understand reciprocity as a form of equivalence and a return to the self, many theorists in the social sciences—economists included—view it as a synonym of generosity or a figure of altruism. This divergence should lead one to recommend a dialogue between the two fields to avoid such misunderstandings. But above all, this invites one to recognize that the concept of reciprocity is not well defined and that there is a need to clarify its status, which is at the core of philosophical reflections on the relationships with Others, norms of morality, the social bond, and ultimately the gift itself. The chapter then considers what sociology and anthropology can say about the question, since it comes under the purview of those disciplines to investigate the nature of the relationships observed among members of social groups and attempt to define them. In particular, it assesses two authors whose analyses on this point have marked the debates of the past few decades: sociologist Alvin Gouldner, author of a seminal article on the norm of reciprocity; and anthropologist Marshall Sahlins, whose book of record Stone Age Economics dedicates an entire chapter to defining the nature of practices of reciprocity.
Marion: Gift without Exchange—Toward Pure Givenness
Authors: Hénaff Marcel
Published: May 2020

This chapter assesses how Jean-Luc Marion's approach to the question of the gift finds its primary source and resources in Husserl's phenomenology and—less ostensibly but perhaps more radically—in Heidegger's thought. Marion's entire phenomenological endeavor can be summed up in his statement: “As much reduction, as much givenness.” The term “reduction” must of course be understood here in the precise sense Husserl gives it. As for “givenness,” it becomes the key word that dominates Marion's work. Marion's approach can be described as moving along three major steps; a fourth step remains, however prospective—or suspended—which involves the outcome. The first step consists of his entire effort at articulating reduction and givenness; this leads to the verge of pure givenness. The greatest risks Marion takes are situated in his second step, since it consists of attempting a shift from pure givenness defined in strictly phenomenological terms to an analysis of the gift as a gesture among humans—that is, of an act by which a giver gives something to a recipient. The third step, continually foreshadowed by the second, comes closer to integration; the reduction of the gift to givenness being assumed achieved, the only remaining task is to grasp the identity of given and givenness. This leaves one on the edge of the fourth and highly hypothetical step of the experience of an excess of intuition—or rather an overflowing of intuition—part of what Marion calls saturated phenomena.
Morality at the Margins
Authors: Hillewaert Sarah
Published: May 2020

This book considers the day-to-day lives of young Muslims on the island of Lamu (Kenya) who live simultaneously “on the edge and in the center”: they are situated at the edge of the (inter)national economy and at the margins of Western notions of modernity; yet they are concurrently the focus of (inter)national campaigns against Islamic radicalization and are at the heart of Western (touristic) imaginations of the untouched and secluded. What does it mean to be young, modern, and Muslim in this context? And how are these denominators differently imagined and enacted in daily encounters? Documenting the everyday lives of Lamu youth, this ethnography explores how young people negotiate different cultural, religious, political and economic pressures and expectations through nuanced deployments of language, dress, and bodily comportment. It thereby illustrates how seemingly mundane practices—from how young people greet others, to how they walk, dress, and talk—can become tactics in the negotiation of moral personhood. A central concern of the book lies with the shifting meaning and ambiguity of such everyday signs and thus the dangers of semiotic misconstrual. By examining this uncertainty of interpretation in projects of self-fashioning, the book highlights how shifting and scalable discourses of tradition, modernity, secularization, nationalism, and religious piety inform changing notions of moral subjectivity. Documenting how Lamu youth navigate this contested field in a fast-changing place with a fascinating history, this book offers a distinctly linguistic anthropological approach to discussions of ethical self-fashioning and everyday Islam.
Interlude 1 Mila Yetu Hufujika (Our Traditions Are Being Destroyed) Mahmoud Ahmed Abdulkadir
Authors: Hillewaert Sarah
Published: May 2020

Composed in December 2008, this poem captures the poet’s reflections on contemporary life in Lamu. It does so through the voices of an elder and a young man (indicated by E and Y respectively), who speak to each other through Swahili majibizano, or poetic dialogue....
Interlude 2 kiSwahili Mahmoud Ahmed Abdulkadir
Authors: Hillewaert Sarah
Published: May 2020

In July 2003, Mahmoud Abdulkadir read an article in one of Kenya’s national newspapers, reporting on the activities of a national committee in charge of the Swahili language. The poet was struck by the accompanying photo of the committee. “None of its members visibly looked Swahili,” he recounts; none of the participants wore Swahili clothing or look like a Swahili person. Rather, all members appeared to derive from “upcountry” Kenya. Unsettled that no waSwahili were concerned with the Swahili language, he wrote this poem....
Postscript: The Shape of the Counter-Ethic
Authors: Pinto Sarah
Published: May 2020

This final chapter explores the implications of the concept of counter-ethics as it arises in Mrs. A.’s case, using the artwork of Shahzia Sikander to imagine ethics from a perspective of movement and shifting form. Beginning with Sikander’s large-scale installations and the motif of “singing spheres,” it follows a recurring shape, what Sikadner refers to as “gopi hair,” from abstract video installations to small, figurative paintings in the style of Rajput miniatures. From this, a sense of the potential of counter-ethics can be attached to shape, and to the diverse possibilities of derivative meanings and loose choreographies. Counter-ethics ask us to consider ethics as a gloss for repertoires of focused ways of being in and imagining the world, and to especially consider those that emerge from or bud off of the places at which ethical goals, ideals, or concepts find their limits. An invitation to expand our sense of those repertoires beyond certain familiar, though useful, ways we attach ethics to everydayness, critique, resistance, and power, this chapter ends by following Satya Nand toward an appreciation of imagination as both method and outcome of reflection.
Thinking Through Crisis
Authors: Ford James Edward
Published: May 2020

Thinking through Crisis turns to 1930s African American literature to offer a critical response to Trauma Theory. This theoretical discourse carries a nostalgia for “European Man” that limits its understanding of racial and class antagonisms. Consequently, its version of “bearing witness” yields a political passivity that cannot address the injustices of racism as they are linked to class conflict. Against the political passivity produced by this idealist approach, this book offers a materialist theory of trauma that develops concepts for identifying the agency that Black life produces amid social breakdown.
Impossibly American
Authors: Haines Christian P.
Published: May 2020

This chapter distinguishes American exceptionalism from what the author terms a singular America. It argues that American exceptionalism depends on disciplining or taming the utopianism associated with the United States. The chapter defines a singular America as a politics, culture, and literature that draws on American exceptionalism only to overturn the latter’s investments in capitalism, settler colonialism, and the nation-state. It argues that American Studies needs to pay more attention to the excluded middle between American exceptionalism and its critique—a zone of politics and culture in which complicity and critique mutually constitute one another. The chapter also explains the connection between the critical discourse of biopolitics and utopianism, reading the work of Michel Foucault in terms of how it refocuses utopianism on the body and life, rather than geography or space. It elaborates a singular America in terms of a literary commons: a tradition of literature devoted to non-capitalist and non-sovereign social relations. Finally, the chapter explains the book’s literary historical trajectory—how it connects the American Renaissance (or mid-nineteenth century) to the contemporary period—in terms of the rise and decline of American hegemony in the capitalist world-system.
Nobody’s Wife: Affective Economies of Marriage in Emily Dickinson
Authors: Haines Christian P.
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines Emily Dickinson’s poetry, especially her poems focusing on marriage, domestic life, and coupling. It argues that this poetry develops a feminist critique of the social reproduction of American capitalism, that is, it examines how housework, domestic labor, and other kinds of activities are integral to the reproduction of capitalism and the nation-state. The chapter focuses on how Dickinson’s critique of domesticity deals with affect, intimacy, and emotion, especially heteronormative love and bourgeois romance. Finally, it analyzes how Dickinson creates a utopian alternative to bourgeois, heteronormative romance in the form of queer marriage: a non-normative form of coupling based on equality, preference, tactility, pleasure, and contingent relationality. The chapter puts Dickinson into conversation with Marxism, feminism (especially socialist feminism), and queer theory.
Introduction
Authors: Frank Georgia , Holman Susan R. , Jacobs Andrew S.
Published: May 2020

This essay surveys the many ways that embodiment shaped religious identity in late antiquity, drawing on the metaphor of garb: transformative, expressive, transcendent, interpretive and interpreted. This introductory chapter also provides a summary and overview of the essays in the book.
“Denominationalism” in Fourth-Century Syria
Authors: Griffith Sidney H.
Published: May 2020

This essay closely examines four of Ephraem’s metrical hymns (madrashê) “against erroneous opinion” in which the Syriac composer distinguishes between “external” and “internal” confessional adversaries. In these teaching songs, Ephraem focuses on the question of names to create a taxonomy of rival Christian groups, in a form of “denominationalism,” to articulate which groups belong theologically to the true flock of Christ.