bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Initiation of a Supercell by Convectively Generated Gravity Waves in the Simulated Kaiyuan Tornadic Event of 3 July 2019
Authors: Li Haojia , Xue Ming , Zhu Kefeng , Xu Xin
Published: October 2024

An EF4-rated supercell tornado occurred on 3 July 2019 in Kaiyuan, China, causing heavy casualties. A three-level nested-grid high-resolution numerical simulation is used to investigate the initiation of the tornadic supercell. Automatic weather station (AWS) data, FY-4A visible satellite data, and Doppler radar data are used to verify the model simulation. The most important aspects of the simulated presupercell mesoscale convective system (MCS) and the initiation of the supercell agree with observations. Detailed investigation of the model results reveals that the initial cells form first above a convective boundary layer (CBL) on the dry side of a surface dryline. Above the CBL is a moist layer in terms of relative humidity, and the layer is stable. Convectively generated gravity waves (GWs) emanating from the MCS and propagating southward along the stable layer above the CBL provide localized forcing for the actual triggering of initial cells at specific locations. The associated perturbation potential temperature and vertical velocity patterns confirm that the GWs trigger a series of cloud bands. The additional lifting by the updraft of a horizontal convective roll in the CBL underneath the GW updraft works together to promote faster growth of the initial cell that later becomes the supercell. Examination of the Scorer parameter profiles shows favorable conditions for vertical trapping of GWs along the waveguide in the stable layer, preventing the radiation of wave energy to the upper levels.

Significance Statement

This study reveals an atypical initiation mechanism of a tornadic supercell that occurred on 3 July 2019 in northern China. By analyzing high-resolution numerical simulation results and observations, the supercell is found to be initially triggered by convectively generated gravity waves (GWs) propagating along a moist and stable layer above the convective boundary layer. The GWs were excited by vigorous convection along the leading-edge gust front of a mesoscale convective system to the north. The vertical atmospheric structure acts to trap the gravity wave energy to the stable layer and supports the horizontal propagation of the GWs away from their sources. Our study indicates the elevated initiation mechanism of convection by convectively generated GWs, providing a better understanding of this type of convective initiation that is typically difficult to predict.
Disagreeing to Agree: Populism and Consensus Among Members of Parliaments and Their Voters
Authors: Pamies Carles , Olivas Osuna José Javier , Santana Andrés
Published: October 2024

Populism is theoretically associated with an antagonistic interpretation of politics. Populists tend to morally delegitimize their adversaries, exhibit “bad manners” toward them, and sometimes even try to exclude them from “the people.” They are also more inclined to prioritize radical policy and institutional changes. Therefore, populism appears to be directly at odds with consensus politics. This research aims to empirically test this relationship. Using two original surveys focused on the Spanish context, we investigate the relationship between populist attitudes and the propensity to consensual political solutions, examining both citizens and their political representatives. Our results confirm that populist attitudes contribute to low support for consensual approaches toward politics among both members of parliament (MPs) and citizens, but this relationship depends on the individual’s specific dimensions of populism. Anti-systemic and moral Manichaean attitudes are associated with less consensual preferences both for MPs and citizens, whereas people-centrist and identitarian populist attitudes exhibit this negative effect only among citizens. These results provide new insights into the ramifications of populist attitudes and underscore the importance of empirically examining the concept of populism across its various dimensions.
The Critical Catalyst: Getting Open Innovation Projects Right in Times of Disruption
Authors: Ho Wan Ri , Kazantsev Nikolai , Netland Torbjørn
Published: October 2024

Disruptions often call for rapid innovation at scale. Open innovation (OI) is critical in such contexts because it allows organizations to access resources beyond the firm’s boundaries. Yet, many OI projects fail, posing significant risks during disruptions. This article examines 12 ventilator development projects during the COVID-19 pandemic, of which only seven succeeded. Fifty-five interviews were analyzed to understand how organizational roles influence the outcomes of OI projects in times of disruption. The key finding is that projects that succeeded involved an organizational role largely absent in those that failed: namely, a catalyst.
On Latent Structure Examination of Behavioral Measuring Instruments in Complex Empirical Settings
Authors: Raykov Tenko , Alkherainej Khaled
Published: October 2024

A multiple-step procedure is outlined that can be used for examining the latent structure of behavior measurement instruments in complex empirical settings. The method permits one to study their latent structure after assessing the need to account for clustering effects and the necessity of its examination within individual levels of fixed factors, such as gender or group membership of substantive relevance. The approach is readily applicable with binary or binary-scored items using popular and widely available software. The described procedure is illustrated with empirical data from a student behavior screening instrument.
Vines, Vineyards, and John 15
Authors: Lincoln Andrew T.
Published: October 2024

It has traditionally been thought that in the discourse of John 15 Jesus identifies himself as the vine and his followers as branches. Recently a different interpretation, in which Jesus is the vineyard and his disciples the vines, has begun to catch on. This article investigates the arguments of its original advocate, Chrys Caragounis, and finds them wanting. It shows that the new interpretation fails to appreciate that, whatever the evidence from more popular sources, any shifts of meaning for the two Greek terms involved cannot be clearly demonstrated from the LXX. Indeed, this critique demonstrates that the new proposal fails to identify correctly the LXX source of the imagery in John 15 and to acknowledge the significance of the evidence for an unbroken chain of interpretation of the two terms that runs from its source in Ezekiel through John 15 to the major Christian writers of the early centuries CE. It also refutes the alleged difficulties for traditional exegesis brought forward in the case for a shift of meaning and concludes that there is no convincing reason for abandoning the more appropriate reading of Jesus as the vine and his followers as branches.
Trends and socio-demographic determinants of suicide-related mortality in Türkiye: An epidemiological study from 2009 to 2022
Authors: Han Yekdeş Didem , Çağlayan Miraç , Yekdeş Ali Cem , Takır Stewart Safiye , Selçuk Emine Gökçen , Çelikkalp Ülfiye , Ekuklu Galip
Published: October 2024

Background:

Suicide is a leading cause of death, particularly among the young age group, in Türkiye, a country with a high population of young people.

Aim:

The aim of this study is determine the suicide related mortality trend and some associated socio-demographic factors in Türkiye between 2009 and 2022.

Methods:

The study includes an epidemiological trend on suicide. The Turkish Statistical Institute’s data portal was used. The study population is 46,691 people (Male/female ratios = 74.6%/ 25.4%). Changes in mortality trends were evaluated using the Joinpoint Regression method with Annual Percentage Change (APC) and Average Percentage Change (AAPC) analysis.

Results:

Over the past 14 years in Türkiye, there has been a statistically significant increase in the standardized mortality rate among males (2009–2022 APC = .76, p = .012) and a statistically non-significant decrease among females (2009–2022 APC = −1.62, p = .083). According to the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS-1) classification, the highest increase is observed in the Central Anatolia region followed by the Western Black Sea region (APC = 3.0 and 2.7, respectively; p < .005). While the percentage of primary school and below has decreasing trends (2009–2022 APC = −7.11, p < .005), there is a significant increase in the percentage of university graduates (2009–2016 APC = 10.87, p < .001). Regarding the marital status, there is a significant decrease in the percentage of those who are married (2009–2013 APC = −3.36, p < .001; 2013–2016 APC = 2.42, p = .037; 2016–2022 APC = −2.31, p = .003) and a significant increase in those who have never been married (2009–2013 APC = 2.63, p < .001; 2013–2016 APC = −1.36, p = .002).

Conclusion:

Although suicide related mortality is below the global average, there has been an increasing trend in turkey in the last 14 years. Analytical and intervention studies on the socio-demographic determinants supporting the increasing trend are needed.
The Metamorphoses of a North African City: Colonisation and Decolonisation of Médéa (1842–1962)
Authors: Ben-Hamouche Mustapha
Published: October 2024

Médéa, (Algeria) was (re)founded by the Zirid governor Bologhin Ibn Ziri on an ancient fortress in the 10th century. In 1842, it was conquered by the French army and underwent major modifications for military purposes and enlarged to accommodate the successive waves of European settlers, during the 132 years of occupation. In 1962, the city was reclaimed by the local population from the Europeans who had fled the country, and underwent a new era of changes and readaptation. The article retraces the spatial changes during the three periods of its urban history and provides physical evidence in the light of post-colonialism theory.
COVID Just-in-Time Extension for Community Health Outcomes: A Collaborative Information-Sharing Platform for a School Health Community
Authors: Chopra Priya , Chiappone Alethea , Goldenstein Susan , Pilonetti Therese , Gillis Roberta , Dodson Daniel , Tan Shuyuan , Thomas John F. , Cataldi Jessica R.
Published: October 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic challenged school health professionals to navigate a dynamic public health emergency and to stay aware of changing recommendations. This study aimed to determine the value of the COVID Just-in-Time ECHO (Extension for Community Health Outcomes) Learning Series for Schools among participating school health personnel and to describe their ongoing information needs during the pandemic. School health, public health, and education professionals across Colorado participated in this ECHO series. Participants attended 1-hour sessions every 2 to 4 weeks from March 2020 through December 2021 for a total of 34 sessions. Data collection included postsession and postseries surveys assessing what participants found most valuable and what additional information they needed. School nurses represented 113 of 224 participants (50%). ECHO content noted as being the most valuable included epidemiology updates and special topics as chosen by participant input. Postseries surveys identified the value of experiencing shared knowledge among Just-in-Time ECHO participants. Participants identified ongoing needs for information about COVID-19 guidance and risk mitigation in schools throughout the sessions. In postseries surveys, participants reported additional ongoing information needs related to COVID-19 outside schools. This ECHO series delivered reliable and time-sensitive information for school health personnel and school leaders and may provide a useful model for information sharing among education and public health professionals.
Implementation Status and Challenges of Pharmacovigilance Program in Ethiopia: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Endale Biru Sisay , Wallelign Tesfa Marew , Gedif Fenta Teferi
Published: October 2024

Functional pharmacovigilance systems are vital to ensure patient safety. There is a paucity of information on the organizational functionality of pharmacovigilance program in Ethiopia. This study assessed the pharmacovigilance programs and its implementation status in Ethiopia. A mixed study design was employed to assess pharmacovigilance functionality in hospitals, pharmaceutical companies, and the National Regulatory Authority. World Health Organization’s Pharmacovigilance Indicators and Key Informant Interview Guide were used for data collection. Quantitative data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel (2013), while thematic analysis was used for qualitative study. Of the 30 hospitals covered, only one had a Pharmacovigilance Unit with a dedicated budget, three (10%) had assigned staff, and seven (23.3%) had implemented Standard Operating Procedures. Similarly, 4 (12.5%) of the 32 pharmaceutical companies had separate pharmacovigilance divisions, 12 (37.5%) had a regulatory affairs unit, and 5 (15.6%) had a pharmacovigilance budget. The National Pharmacovigilance Center has the most structure, process, and pharmacovigilance practices. Resource constraints and a weak reporting system were identified as major challenges, while patient harm, loss of confidence, increased circulation of unsafe products, and economic costs were reported as consequences. Increasing training, engaging stakeholders, and improving the regulatory system were recommended as key interventional strategies. Most hospitals and pharmaceutical companies lack most of pharmacovigilance system indicators. However, the national regulatory authority fulfilled most of the elements of Pharmacovigilance systems.
Fatal neonatal varicella infection despite intravenous immunoglobulin at birth
Authors: Mazhari Mohammad Yusuf Ali , Agnihotry Anukriti , Priyadarshi Mayank , Chaurasia Suman , Singh Poonam , Basu Sriparna
Published: October 2024

There is a high risk of severe varicella infection in the neonate when the mother develops a rash around the time of delivery. Current guidelines recommend separation of mother–baby dyad and passive immunization to prevent severe infection in such cases. We report a case of severe varicella in a neonate whose mother developed primary varicella infection two days prior to delivery. The neonate had a fatal outcome despite physical separation from mother and passive immunization in the immediate postnatal period.
Identification methodology for MIMO Hammerstein nonlinear model with process noise
Authors: Li Feng , Sun Xueqi , Wang Tianhu , Liu Ranran
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we present a methodology for identifying the multi-input–multi-output (MIMO) Hammerstein nonlinear model under colored noise. The Hammerstein model presented comprises neural fuzzy models (NFMs) as its static nonlinear block and rational transfer functions (RTF) model as its dynamic linear block. The hybrid signals consisting of separable signals and random signals are utilized to deal with the MIMO Hammerstein model identification issue, and the separable signals to implement separation identification of MIMO Hammerstein model is introduced, that is, the two blocks are separately identified. First, parameters of the linear block are estimated applying correlation function-based least squares method in the presence of measurable input–output of Gaussian signals, which can efficiently weaken the process noise interference. Second, estimate of noise parameters vector is introduced to solve the unknown noise vector in the information matrix, then a recursive extended least squares method is developed for identifying parameters of nonlinear block and colored noise model based on available input–output of random signals. The validity and precision of the presented methodology are demonstrated applying a numerical simulation and a nonlinear process, and it is known from the research results that compared with existing identification techniques, the methodology utilized achieved higher identification accuracy.
Advanced power quality monitoring with dilated convolutional neural networks for smart nanogrids
Authors: Achshah RM , Deva Prakash T Ruban
Published: October 2024

This study presents the development of an advanced power quality monitoring (PQM) system using dilated convolutional deep neural networks (DCDNN) for smart nanogrids. Traditional convolutional neural networks (CNNs) face challenges in efficiently handling high-dimensional data and identifying nuanced features due to their limited receptive field. To overcome these limitations, our DCDNN model employs a novel use of dilated convolutions to expand the receptive field without increasing network complexity, enabling the capture of long-range dependencies essential for accurate classification of power quality disturbances (PQDs). In addition, the integration of multi-channel time-series data processing, including voltage, current, and frequency measurements, is unique to our approach. The model processes multi-channel time-series data, including voltage, current, and frequency measurements, achieving an average accuracy of 98.9% across 29 PQD classes and 100% accuracy in 6 main classes, with a reduced detection time of 47 µs per segment. This approach not only improves real-time disturbance detection but also enhances the reliability and efficiency of electrical systems. The results demonstrate significant improvements over existing methods, underscoring the potential of DCDNNs in advancing PQM practices. Future work will focus on validating the model in real-world conditions and optimizing its computational efficiency.
Analyzing Factors and Reasons Behind NonAttendance of ENT Patients: Clinical Audit
Authors: Bahammam Faris Ahmed , Tolley Neil , Kuchai Romana , Benjamin Elliot , Rollin Matthew
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study analyzed the frequency of follow-up patients at the ENT clinic and identified different factors that are associated with nonattendance at follow-up appointments since nonattendance imposes significant stress on the system of healthcare. Methods: This study was an ambidirectional cohort study and conducted a telephonic survey with 104 ENT patients who missed their appointments. Results: The findings of the study revealed that patients missed their scheduled appointments because of transportation problems (46%), professional engagement (46%), family problems (44%), and financial problems (32.7%). However, patients didn't identify forgetfulness about the appointment, complete recovery, and health-related issues on the day of the appointment as the barrier to missing their scheduled appointment. The study assessed the relationship between socioeconomic status and the frequency of follow-up patients in an ENT clinic where transportation factor ( P < .000), working commitments ( P < .004) affecting the “Lower Middle and Middle Class” individuals, and financial problems ( P < .005), family problems ( P < .028), feeling sick ( P < .037) were significantly affecting the “Middle-Upper Class” and “Middle Class.” Meanwhile, forgetfulness was not associated with the socio-economic status of the ENT patients ( P = .237). Conclusion: This study found transportation, family, financial issues, and professional commitments to be the key barriers to ENT appointment attendance, with Lower-Middle-Class patients particularly affected by forgetfulness. These missed appointments negatively impact patient health and strain the healthcare system.
A Preliminary Curriculum to Promote Social Skills via Social Narratives and App Development in Youth With Autism
Authors: Klein Jessica , Medina Sharon , Spath Kevin M. , Hill Callie A. , Li Christoph , Hwang Isabelle , Olson Krystina E. , Chou Chih-Chin
Published: October 2024

The challenges faced by transition-age youth (TAY) with level one autism spectrum disorder (L1-ASD) during the transition to adulthood can be exacerbated by disability-related hurdles, particularly in employment and post-secondary education. Existing social skills training interventions for TAY with ASD often include building social narratives and teaching targeted social skills, which are often geared towards individuals with more pronounced forms of ASD. To address the gap, this paper presents the Development of Interpersonal Skills Through Narratives and Technology (DISTNT) curriculum. The DISTNT curriculum innovatively combines social narratives with technology, specifically mobile applications, to enhance social skill development in TAY with L1-ASD with a specific focus on employment. This paper outlines the curriculum’s conceptual framework, structure, and practical applications, offering insights and recommendations for practitioners seeking effective interventions for this population.
Motivations for political donations in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Marriott Lisa , Rashbrooke Max
Published: October 2024

This research explores motivations for political party donations in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). Drawing on interview data from 29 political ‘insiders,’ we utilize McMenamin and Power’s theoretical framework to assess the pragmatic, partisan and social motivations for donations. We extend the original framework beyond business donations, incorporating a broader range of donor and non-donor insights. We observe strong social motivations for donating and a general agreement among political actors that donations provide access to politicians. The theoretical lens is expanded by NZ-specific factors, notably a strong concern for democracy and the potential for adverse impacts from donating. The latter brings negative motivations into the theoretical lens. We offer an amended framework that more closely reflects donation motivations in the NZ environment, which is dominated by a small pool of large donors, close connections between political actors and a desire for adequately funded political parties to enhance democratic outcomes.
Uncovering children’s experiences of emergent learning difficulties in the instrumental music studio
Authors: MacArthur Stephanie L R , Davidson Jane W , Krause Amanda E
Published: October 2024

When children commence instrumental music tuition, learning difficulties can emerge to disrupt predictable learning processes and impact musical development. However, children’s experiences of learning difficulties, including how they present, are managed and can be supported, are rarely examined in music research. This longitudinal, qualitative study used Participatory Action Research and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis methodologies to examine the lived experience of fourteen 7-year-old beginner cellists. It focussed on how children’s learning difficulties emerged in the music studio and affected their continued engagement, and how the instrumental music teacher supported children with difficulties. Unexpectedly, half ( N = 7) of the young learners encountered challenges, including memory and processing difficulties, impulse, attention and focus issues, intrusive synaesthesia, fine motor skill difficulty, dyslexia and persistent anxiety. Children’s highly individualised experiences of their learning difficulties were impacted by their motivations, self-perception and ratio of skill acquisition. A reflexive pedagogical approach by the teacher, together with pragmatic support and emotional guidance from parents, influenced the children’s learning behaviour and continued investment, contributing to their longer-term musical engagement. This study offers a unique contribution to the literature by providing a rare investigation of children’s emergent learning difficulties, as revealed in the instrumental music studio.
Understanding motivations for sexual communication from a regulatory focus perspective
Authors: Wasson Kendra S. , Rehman Uzma S.
Published: October 2024

Despite the overwhelming support for the importance of sexual communication to intimate relationships, there is limited information about what motivates someone to engage in or avoid sexual communication. Motivational frameworks have been applied to various aspects of intimate relationships, serving as strong predictors of different behavioural processes and playing a crucial role in facilitating behavioural change. As such, we aimed to elucidate the motivations for sexual communication and explore how they relate to other aspects of the process of sexual communication. A total of 373 participants were recruited from online crowdsourcing websites across two studies, and they completed online questionnaires using a mixed methods approach. In Study 1, open-ended responses regarding participants’ motivations for sexual communication were inductively coded and aligned with the Regulatory Focus Theory, which describes two distinct modes of goal pursuit depending on if the person is focused on growth and advancement (i.e., promotion-focused) or safety and security (prevention-focused). This coding structure was replicated in Study 2, and we expanded the results to examine the predictive ability of the coded motivations. We found that those higher in attachment avoidance were more likely to have prevention-focused motivations, and those with relationship-oriented promotion-focused motivations reported more depth of both sexual and nonsexual communication as well as more relationship and sexual satisfaction. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Democratic backsliding against a rising wave of support for democracy? Explaining trends in attitudes toward democracy in Poland (1995–2021)
Authors: Sadowski Ireneusz
Published: October 2024

The analysis presented in this article tries to address a puzzle – the widely recognized process of democratic backsliding in Poland was accompanied by a steady increase in popular support for democracy. It poses a question if the two phenomena are substantively related. To establish possible connections between them, I test three hypotheses involving populist winner effect, deepening of socio-political cleavage, and generational change. The first one assumes that democracy is more supported by populists when they form a government; the second one – to the contrary – states that populist polarization creates a wider gap in support for democracy, while the third one proposes that the relation is spurious, as trends in attitudes represent a gradual, long-term social change, at least in part related to generational replacement. Results show that the direct link between populist democratic backsliding and pro-democracy surge is relatively weak, while both processes can be related to a deeper sociological process of ‘splintering’ within Polish society.
Method for Predicting Environmental Vibration Impact of Existing Subway Lines and Its Practical Application
Authors: Zhao Caiyou , Shi Duojia , Shi Rui , Yang Yi , Gao Xin , Wang Ping , Xie Linlin
Published: October 2024

To predict accurately the impact of track vibrations caused by subway trains on adjacent buildings and address the problem of their excessive dynamic response, a method for predicting the environmental vibration impact of existing subway lines is proposed in this paper. A coupled numerical dynamical model of the train/track/tunnel system is established using the multi-scale method. Using field-measured soil vibration data, empirical formulas for soil frequency and material damping coefficient are calibrated. By combining the numerical model and the empirical formulas, buildings’ indoor vibrations and noise level can be assessed. At the same time, a solution to the problem of excessive vibration of buildings along a subway line is also proposed that optimizes the track fastener parameters. Field tests verified the accuracy of the prediction method and the effectiveness of the optimized track parameters. These research results provide a reference for predicting the vibration of buildings along subway lines and using the proposed preventive solutions.
Boater’s Preference for Coral Reef Restoration and Sustainable Resource Management in Florida
Authors: Jiang Fan , Asadi Mehrnoosh , Harper James W. , Mozumder Pallab
Published: October 2024

The Florida Reef is under intense pressure from excessive human disturbance and climate change. A group of Florida residents including boaters and fishers was surveyed about their concerns and willingness to pay (WTP) for restorative services. A discrete choice valuation experiment was conducted, involving nearly 1,300 respondents, to estimate WTP for coral reef restoration, wide beaches, and clean water. The boaters demonstrated a somewhat higher WTP for a more extensive beach size and coral restoration. The analysis allowed quantification of maritime transportation passengers’ preferences for sustainable resource management. The findings provide useful insights for maritime transportation and coastal management agencies wishing to finance conservation initiatives. Furthermore, the study offers valuable methodological contributions and policy relevant information to incorporate ecosystem service valuations into the decision-making process beyond the study areas.
The dynamics of peer-to-peer care: Peers as radical care practitioners
Authors: Maher JaneMaree , Abbott Danielle , Zivkovic Tanya
Published: October 2024

Hi‘ilei Julia Kawehipuaakahaopulani Hobart and Tamara Kneese (2020) define radical care as ‘as a set of vital but underappreciated strategies for enduring precarious worlds’ (16). Yet they sound a note of caution when they argue that ‘because radical care is inseparable from systemic inequality and power structures, it can be used to coerce subjects into new forms of surveillance and unpaid labor’ (16). This article explores scaffolded peer-to-peer programmes as a form of radical care. In these programmes and approaches people are connected in non-hierarchical structures of mutual support and care that locate lived experience, rather than solely professional accreditation, as powerful, inclusive and collaborative expertise. The often implicit and traditional hierarchies of care are challenged in this structuring; we argue that the dynamic and horizontal structure of peer care practices can subvert and ultimately enrich circulating discourses of self-care, commodified care and the neoliberal devolution of responsibility for health and well-being to individuals.
Curbing Adolescents’ Risky Drinking Behavior with Authenticity
Authors: Hess Alexandra C. , Dodds Sarah , Jaud David A. , Garnier Claire , Gergaud Olivier
Published: October 2024

Adolescents’ risky drinking behavior continues to be a public policy concern, and insight into effective messages and behaviors that resonate with adolescents is needed. Evidence points to the potential of tapping into adolescents’ need for authenticity. Drawing on authenticity literature and implementing a mixed-methods approach using family group interviews, followed by a 1 × 3 between-subject experiment with adolescents, this research conceptualizes a novel authentic engagement framework for reducing adolescents’ risky behavior. The findings identify and test that messages about drinking need to acknowledge positive aspects while warning of the negative consequences (i.e., mixed messages) across three dimensions: social, hedonic, and safety. Alongside mixed messages, parents need to be honest about past experiences and align their behavior by acting as positive role models. Importantly, adolescents need an environment that enables them to experiment while having clear boundaries. Together, these approaches translate into openness and authenticity, critical for trust and the ability for adolescents to be true to themselves. The research has implications for parents and policy makers/marketers engaging with adolescents authentically about risky behavior, by providing information on message type and behaviors for effective training/educational programs and responsible drinking campaigns. The framework can be transferred to other contexts involving risky behavior.
In silico occupational exposure banding framework for data poor compounds in biotechnology
Authors: Massarsky Andrey , Fung Ernest S , Evans Veneese JB , Maier Andrew
Published: October 2024

Occupational exposure limits (OELs) and occupational exposure bands (OEBs) provide quantitative benchmarks for worker health protection. If empirical toxicology data are insufficient to derive an OEL, an OEB is often assigned using partial toxicology data along with other relevant hazard information. There is no consensus methodology to assign OEBs for chemicals lacking any empirical toxicology data. Thus, this study developed an in silico framework for OEB assignment of data poor compounds. It relies upon computational tools to evaluate standard toxicological end points and to assign reliability ratings, which are then used to assign Global Harmonization System (GHS) hazard categories. Subsequently, the hazard categories are entered into the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) occupational exposure banding tool to assign bands for individual end points as well as an overall OEB. As a proof-of-concept, five compounds with established OELs (i.e., “knowns”) were evaluated. The knowns were assigned to overall OEBs C, D, or E, four of which were equal to or lower than the OEBs based on actual harmonized GHS categories as well as established OELs, indicating that the OEBs assigned using this framework are likely to be protective. Subsequently, five compounds with little to no experimental data and no established OELs from any U.S. agency or consensus OEL-setting organizations were evaluated (i.e., “unknowns”). The unknowns were assigned to overall OEBs D or E. It was concluded that the proposed framework can be used to assign protective OEBs to compounds with little to no toxicology testing data. As additional data become available, the compound may be de-risked, and a precautionary OEB (or an OEL) can be assigned. The proposed framework provides an example of a practical methodology to evaluate data poor compounds and shows that the output of this framework is expected to be protective of worker health.
Transnational professionalism in child welfare in Germany
Authors: Diwersy Bettina , Köngeter Stefan
Published: October 2024

The field of child protection is closely interwoven with the national welfare state and its institutions. Nowadays, both the everyday lives of families and the professional work are shaped by transnational activities. This article presents the results of a study on child protection services in Germany working across national borders. Although regulated by international law, there are institutional and organisational gaps challenging professionals in this field. We can find processes of border setting and border crossing by professional social workers at the same time. Two ideal types of transnational situations are presented that reflect the variations of professional activities.
Adaptive feature mode decomposition method for bearing fault diagnosis under strong noise
Authors: Li Cong , Zhou Jun , Wu Xing , Liu Tao
Published: October 2024

In practical mechanical equipment operation, bearing vibration signals are challenging to analyze due to their non-stationarity and low signal-to-noise ratio for traditional detection methods. As a new signal decomposition method, the feature mode decomposition (FMD) method has been successfully applied to bearing fault diagnostics. However, FMD’s decomposition efficiency is easily influenced by the input parameter settings, and the efficiency of the decomposed signals is related to the number of initialized filter banks. For this reason, this paper proposes an adaptive parameterized feature mode decomposition method. Firstly, based bearing fault diagnosis method using a cuckoo search algorithm with logarithmic decline of nonlinear inertial weights and random adjustment discovery probability (DWCS), which is used to optimize the three parameters of the FMD. Then, a new approach to finding out the maximum feature fault frequency and its multiplicative feature frequency is proposed, called the feature frequency ratio (FFR), obtained from the envelope spectrum of bearing fault signal. Finally, this paper uses the DWCS based on the maximum FFR to adaptively select the best FMD parameter combination, which is verified by simulation, the results of the proposed AFMD can effectively extract bearing fault features under strong background noise with a signal-to-noise ratio of −15 dB, and actual experiments further verify the superiority of the method, which not only improves the accuracy of fault diagnosis under strong background noise, but also contributes to the overall maintenance and operational efficiency of the mechanical system.
Research on the strategy of cruise control system for urban traffic jam assistant
Authors: Song Ziyu , Ding Haitao , Wang Junlong , Huang Chengzhen , Guo Yingjian
Published: October 2024

This paper proposes a hierarchical cruise control strategy that can adapt to urban traffic scenarios. Firstly, the perception layer defines a target selection strategy by using a novel trapezoidal dangerous area. Then, the upper controller contains speed follow mode and distance follow mode. An improved PI mode with integral separation and saturation terms is developed to achieve the desired speed following control, a safe distance mode via variable time headway is developed to facilitate the safe and smooth distance following control. The lower controller is designed based on feedforward and PI feedback. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that the strategy can effectively select suitable target vehicles in complex urban scenarios. With the improved safe distance model and the third-order Bessel actuator response delay model, the strategy exhibits adaptability and stability. This study offers valuable suggestions and guidance for designing and applying the cruise control strategy for urban traffic scenarios.
An experimental study of the response characteristics of end milling operations and their finite element simulation
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Bhattacharya Somnath , Baghel Arvind Kumar
Published: October 2024

The present study investigates the effect of milling parameters on cutting forces and performance characteristics in end mill operations using two different types of end milling tools. The end milling experiments were performed on AA7075-T6 grade aluminium alloy using a vertical milling machine fitted with a Kistler dynamometer to acquire the data of cutting forces during the milling operation. A matrix of process parameters was created by varying spindle rotational speed in the range of 500–1200 rpm while the feed rate was kept between 10 and 30 mm/min, keeping a maximum depth of cut of 4 mm. The data obtained from the experimental results were analysed and validated by simulation using the DEFORM-3D software facility. The experimental results reflect that with the increase in cutting speed, the cutting force first increases and then decreases, while an increase in feed rate enhances the cutting forces. The combination of high cutting speed with low feed rate was found to be suitable as the force required in this case exhibits a minimum to achieve both efficiency and machinability for a tool. Validated experimental results can be useful for finding new combinations of parameters in the defined parameter range for milling applications.
Inhabiting temporariness: the agency-in-waiting of Eritrean refugees in the city
Authors: GarcÍa Amado Patricia , Brown Alison , Mackie Peter
Published: October 2024

Protracted displacement turns what should be a temporary protection status, asylum, into a long-term process that defines the existence of millions of people. The unresolved causes of displacement, a flawed asylum system and restrictive refugee policies all force refugees to inhabit a state of temporariness in cities. We discuss the unfulfilled potential of Eritrean refugees in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and show how urban migration becomes part of a waiting game on a journey towards the realization of this potential. Using Brun’s concept of agency-in-waiting, we illustrate how Eritrean refugees use their agency in cities, finding ways to remain hopeful, circumvent restrictions and prepare for unpredictable futures. Our findings challenge the dominant discourse on Addis Ababa as a transit space where Eritreans remain inactive and unproductive, idly waiting for resettlement. Rather, they work towards their ultimate goal – to establish a secure life with full rights, wherever this might be.
An agile city? Tactical urbanism and responses to protracted displacement in the City of Amman, Jordan
Authors: Al-Betawi Yamen Nafeth
Published: October 2024

This study seeks to understand the working dynamics through which Greater Amman Municipality (GAM) responds to the challenges of protracted displacement in the city, focusing particularly on the concept of “tactical urbanism” (TU) as a tool and framework. This could be broadly useful to key actors in reconsidering response strategies, strengthening the role of local administrations. The research adopted a qualitative data collection and analysis framework via participatory forums and key informant interviews, steered by guiding research questions. Findings reveal the presence of interconnected multi-scale limitations, opportunities and roles that determine GAM’s response towards displacement and constrain its ability to act within a comprehensive planning rationale. Instead, GAM is driven towards TU as an alternative approach that mitigates these determinants and offers a means for more responsive, constructive action. It is argued that TU affords a more agile response towards displacement, enhancing community engagement, innovation, resilience and identity.
Learning to Love Uncertainty
Authors: Alquist Jessica L. , Baumeister Roy F.
Published: October 2024

Uncertainty has a negative reputation. Not knowing what has happened or is going to happen is typically depicted as undesirable, and people often seek to minimize and avoid it. Research has shown that having a negative attitude toward uncertainty is associated with poor mental health and that certainty seeking can lead to accepting meager rewards and low-quality information. As a remedy for negative views of uncertainty, the present review discusses the functions of some typical responses to uncertainty as well as research on circumstances in which uncertainty can be leveraged to improve well-being. Uncertainty can focus attention, increase effort, and increase the intensity and duration of positive effect. Recognizing that there are situations in which uncertainty is desirable may be a first step toward improving attitudes toward uncertainty.
The Courtroom as Four Landscapes: Reflections on Terrorism Trials Through Ethnographic Research
Authors: Anwar Tasniem , Aardse Machteld
Published: October 2024

In the past decade, Western European countries such as Germany, the Netherlands, the UK and France have seen a sharp increase in terrorism trials. Studying these trials can provide unique insights into which terrorist offences come before the court and what legal challenges arise from this relatively novel practice. To unpack the complexity of terrorism trials, we adopt an empirical approach to terrorism trials. Based on 3 years of extensive ethnography in Dutch courts, the paper makes two contributions to the socio-legal literature. Methodologically, our ethnography connects traditional empirical methods to artistic tools. As such, we further the current debates in socio-legal studies on courtroom ethnography. Empirically, we present critical insights on the interaction between pre-emptive speculative security measures and legal procedures in the prosecution of terrorist activities.
Erasing trans people: How to ensure Australia does not go down the same path as the United States
Authors: Gerber Paula , Sifris Ronli
Published: October 2024

The United States is witnessing a wave of laws targeting transgender people, ranging from prohibitions on participation in sport, denial of access to gender affirming health care and regulating bathroom access and what people wear. This anti-trans trend that we are seeing in the United States is sending shock waves through the trans community in Australia. Is Australia going to follow the US ‘hate manual’? Are trans and gender diverse people here at risk of being persecuted, vilified and discriminated against in the same way? This article considers the gaps in Australia’s protection of the human rights of trans and gender diverse people and identifies where our laws need to be strengthened to ensure we follow a path of inclusivity and respect, not hate and division.
Influences of Widowhood Cultural Practices, Values, and Beliefs on the Health and Well-being of Nigerian Women: An Integrative Review
Authors: Anuforo Prisca , Zoucha Rick , Salman Khlood , McFarland Marilyn R.
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Widowhood cultural practices are detrimental to the health and well-being of widows in Nigeria. They are associated with a higher rate of morbidity and mortality than for single and married individuals.

Purpose:

To explore and synthesize the literature on widowhood cultural practices and their effects on the health and well-being of Nigerian women in Nigeria and in the US to inform future research.

Methods:

A comprehensive search of CINAHL, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase databases was performed using the Whittmore and Knafl Integrative Review Model. Critical appraisal was used to select the final 20 studies that met the inclusion criteria.

Results:

Seven themes were identified: Inhumane treatment of widows, poor socio-economic status, support for detrimental widowhood cultural practices driven by culture, physiological well-being, psychosocial issues, support, and empowerment.

Discussion:

Further research is needed to explore the practice and its impact in the Nigerian American population in the US.
Exploring Nature and Learning Science Through an Afterschool Birding Club
Authors: Britton Stacey A. , Gisewhite Rachel A. , Rogers Kristen
Published: October 2024

Background: Birding is ideal for engaging students in authentic scientific inquiry because it relies on specialized equipment, requires keen observation skills, engages prior knowledge, and activates critical thinking. However, there is very little research on the benefits of birding in K-12 education. Purpose: Two elementary teachers created an afterschool bird club to engage students in birding to help them develop a better appreciation for their surroundings and increase awareness of the natural world. This qualitative study was conducted over two academic years and investigated the role an afterschool birding club had on students’ interaction with nature and their peers. Methodology/Approach: Using a primarily ethnographic approach, teacher interviews, parent survey data and interviews, and field notes guided the understanding of the research question. Findings/Conclusions: The study reveals an evident value for elementary students in social interactions, improved relationships with others, a building of scientific knowledge and awareness, and an increased appreciation for nature. Implications: Benefits include allowing students to interact with tools and materials relating to science and bird identification. They make this a fun way to enact their passion and hopefully inspire children to develop a love for birds, birding, and a desire to conserve the local habitat.