bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Childhood Strabismus from A Different Perspective: Examining Its Association with Cognitive Development
Authors: Yang Yan , Hou Jinen , Huang Hailu , Tan Siyu , Chen Hong , Ling Shihui , Yang Wenhan , Chang Shuai , Yu Xin-Ping , Yan Jianhua
Published: December 2024

Background: Previous studies have shown that abnormal visual input and processing possibly impact the cognition development in children. We aimed to investigate the relationship between abnormal visual function associated with strabismus and cognition development in children.
Methods: Conducted at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, this cross-sectional case-control study involved 201 children aged 4-10 years, including 114 with strabismus and 87 matched controls, between January 2021 and December 2022. Cognitive functions were evaluated using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence—Fourth Edition (WPPSI-IVR), focusing on the global cognitive score (GCS), verbal comprehension index (VCI), perceptual reasoning index (PRI), working memory index (WMI), and processing speed index (PSI).
Results: Children with strabismus showed significantly lower scores in GCS (t=-8.31, p<0.001), VCI (t=-7.81, p<0.001), PRI (t=-6.18, p<0.001), WMI (t=-5.55, p<0.001), and PSI (t=-3.51, p=0.006) compared to controls. The type of strabismus (esotropia or exotropia, intermittent of constant tropia) did not show a significant association with cognitive performance (p>0.05). Spearman’s correlation and multivariate linear regression analyses identified that better fusion ability (p=0.01) and a shorter duration of strabismus (p=0.002) were associated with higher cognitive function.
Conclusion: The findings reveal a significant decline in cognitive performance among children with strabismus compared to their non-strabismic peers, regardless of the type of strabismus. The duration of strabismus and impaired near fusion function are associated with cognitive development levels, highlighting the importance of early detection and potential interventions to support better cognitive outcomes.
Revealing the possible neglected environmental risk factors contributing to mycetoma in the White Nile state: Sudan
Authors: Alnoor Badraldeen , Nahar Papreen , Zied Osama Abu , Fairhead James
Published: December 2024

Background
For decades, poor Sudanese communities in rural areas have silently battled mycetoma, a stigmatizing, disabling neglected tropical disease. Its linkage to specific, ecology-dependent livelihoods such as farming, woodcutting and collecting and animal herding has obscured its cause and environmental dimensions at both the local and global levels. Challenging the prevailing singular focus on the injuries that have dominated biomedical reasoning for years.
Methods
This ethnographic study sheds light on diverse potential perceived causal factors and possible risk exposure pathways. Through participant observation, in-depth interviews and focused group discussions.
Results
we revealed that not only through pricks but also injuries from agricultural tools, bamboo sticks, glass, seasonal cracks, and even stepping on gravel may introduce mycetoma-causative agents. Moreover, structural forces such as failed irrigation systems, especially during the rainy season, flooding, and concealing hazardous materials were found to increase the exposure risk to further injuries.
Conclusion
These findings necessitate a global re-evaluation of mycetoma perceived causality, shifting the paradigm beyond a single lens of trauma and exploring potential new risk factors. They pave the way for a more holistic understanding that integrates medical interventions with environmental and social determinants. By uncovering the hidden complexity of mycetoma, we open doors to prevention strategies that triumph over neglect.
Predictive value of the tumor burden score and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to albumin ratio among patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Zeng Yongyi , Lin Qizhu , Fu Jun , Huang Tingfeng , Liu Hongzhi , Fan Ruilin , Wang Kui
Published: December 2024

Background: The prognostic significance of the tumor burden score (TBS) in relation to the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-albumin ratio (GAR) has not been investigated among patients undergoing resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). We evaluated the predictive value of the combined TBS and GAR (TBGA) grading system.
Methods: Patients who underwent curative-intent resection for ICC between 2015 and 2019 were identified from a large multi-institutional database. The influence of the TBS, GAR, and TBGA grading system on overall survival (OS) and recurrence was analyzed, as was the impact of TBGA on short-term outcomes. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the model’s predictive accuracy. Additionally, multivariate Cox regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with recurrence and OS.
Results: Among the 428 patients, 282 were male (65.89%), and 146 were female (34.11%). A total of 130 patients (30.37%) were categorized as having a low TBGA (low TBS and low GAR), 216 (50.47%) as having an intermediate TBGA (low TBS and high GAR or high TBS and low GAR), and 89 (19.16%) as having a high TBGA (high TBS and high GAR). The 5-year OS rates and 3-year RFS rates for the three groups were 49.1%, 31.0%, and 13.2% and 41.9%, 19.1%, and 13.7%, respectively, with all Pvalues < 0.001. Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that TBGA grade was an independent risk factor for postoperative recurrence and OS in ICC patients. The model exhibited good predictive performance, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.67 for OS and 0.65 for RFS. Additionally, patients in the higher TBGA group were more likely to exhibit invasive biological characteristics and experience poorer short-term outcomes.
Conclusions: TBGA demonstrated strong predictive ability in ICC patients. Higher TBGA grades are incrementally associated with poorer long-term and short-term outcomes, offering valuable references for clinicians in making treatment decisions.
Cer(d18:1/16:0) as Predictive Biomarkers for Acute Coronary Syndrome: Insights from a Chinese Cohort
Authors: Zhang Liang , Zhang Yang , Ding YaoDong , Jin Tong , Song Yi , Li Lin , Wang XiaoFang , Zeng Yong
Published: December 2024

Background: Ceramides play a crucial role in atherosclerosis progression and have been linked to cardiovascular events. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between serum ceramide levels and Acute coronary syndrome, as well as evaluate their potential for predicting ACS in Chinese population.
Methods: Data of 1327 patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease from Beijing anzhen Hospital and Handan First hospital were collected. Plasma ceramide were measured using the LC-MS/MS system. The area under the ROC curve was used to screen the most valuable predictor. Machine learning algorithms were used to identify critical ACS-related variables. Subgroup analysis and interaction test were performed to control for confounding factors. Multivariate Logistic models and restricted cubic spline analysis were conducted to examine the associations between Ceramide and ACS.
Results: Cer (d18:1/14:0), Cer (d18:1/16:0), Cer (d18:1/18:0), Cer (d18:1/20:0), Cer (d18:1/22:0), and Cer (d18:1/24:0) were significantly elevated in the ACS group. Diagnostic performance assessments showed that Cer(d18:1/16:0) had superior accuracy in detecting ACS compared to other ceramides tested. The Boruta algorithm identified 15 significant variables related to ACS. Cer(d18:1/16:0) associated with ACS were discovered using the LASSO logistic regression technique. Subgroup analyses and logistic regression models further supported the relationship between Cer(d18:1/16:0) and ACS. Additionally, a significant nonlinear relationship was observed between Cer(d18:1/16:0) and ACS, with a threshold of 150umol/L.
Conclusion: The study found that ceramides, particularly Cer(d18:1/16:0), were significantly associated with ACS and could be a potential biomarker for predicting and diagnosing ACS in Chinese populations experiencing chest pain.
Recurrent tensional pneumothorax led to diagnosis of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: Ludeña Angelica , Cardenas Silvia Sánchez , Cabrera Leosbel Hurtado , Rodríguez Alvaro Aranda , Díaz Maria Vazquez
Published: December 2024

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetic condition caused by mutations in the SERPINA1 gene, leading to reduced levels of alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) in circulation. This deficiency predisposes most individuals to early development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other pulmonary complications, including secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP). Therefore, we report the case of a 76-year-old male patient with a history of extensive tobacco use and pulmonary emphysema who presented to the emergency department with sudden shortness of breath and pain. Laboratory tests indicated compensated chronic respiratory acidosis. Imaging revealed a right-sided pneumothorax and multiple pulmonary bullae. Genetic testing confirmed the MIZ genotype for AATD, with serum AAT levels at 94 mg/dL. The patient underwent bullectomy, and pathology confirmed emphysematous changes. The association between AATD and COPD, as well as the increased incidence of SSP in patients with COPD, underscores the importance of early recognition and diagnosis. This case highlights the need for heightened awareness of AATD among clinicians, particularly in patients with a history of respiratory symptoms and familial COPD. International guidelines recommend AAT testing for individuals with symptomatic emphysema, asthma with airflow obstruction, and those with unexplained chronic liver disease. In conclusion increased awareness of AATD can lead to early diagnosis and intervention, potentially improving the quality of life for affected individuals. Preventative measures, including lifestyle modifications and AAT augmentation therapy, may be beneficial in slowing disease progression.
Changes in dementia risk along with onset age of depression: A longitudinal cohort study of elderly depressed patients
Authors: Jang Yoo Jin , Kim Min-Ji , Moon Young Kyung , Lim Shinn-Won , Kim Doh Kwan
Published: December 2024

Background
Depression in late-life is linked to an increased risk of Alzheimer's dementia (AD), with the risk potentially varying based on the onset age of depression. Previous research typically dichotomized depression onset age between 55 and 65 years; however, the specific age at which depression onset increases AD risk in older adults remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between depression onset age and AD risk and compare characteristics between different onset age groups.
Methods
A longitudinal cohort of 251 elderly patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder was followed for up to 22 years. Participants were categorized into four groups based on depression onset age: ≤ 54 years, 55–64, 65–74, and ≥ 75 years. Annual cognitive assessments were conducted using the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination, with further neuropsychological testing when cognitive decline was suspected. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess AD conversion risk across groups, adjusting for covariates.
Results
During follow-up, 75 patients (29.88%) converted to AD. Depression onset after age 75 was significantly associated with a higher risk of AD conversion (hazard ratio [HR], 8.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.41–23.48; p < 0.0001) and a shorter time to conversion compared to onset before age 55 (40.93 vs. 83.40 months). After adjusting for covariates, depression onset after age 75 remained significantly associated with AD conversion (adjusted HR, 6.07; 95% CI, 1.26–29.34; p = 0.0189). This group also had milder depressive symptoms and a higher prevalence of hypertension and cerebrovascular disease than those with depression onset before age 55.
Conclusions
Depression onset after age 75 is strongly associated with an increased risk of AD and a shorter time to dementia onset. Individuals with depression onset after age 75 appear more closely linked to vascular comorbidities, while those with depression onset before age 55 are characterized by severe and recurrent depressive episodes. The mechanisms leading to AD in individuals with depression may differ from those without prior depression.
Trial registration:
The study is registered (NCT01237275, 1994-10-14, Development of A Technique to Predict Antidepressant Responsiveness in Depressive Patients) in ClinicalTrials.gov.
China, regional and Global burden of thyroid cancer among women of reproductive age, 1990–2019
Authors: Yang yiqiu , Shen Yang , Li Zhong
Published: December 2024

Background:
The burden of thyroid cancer is trending towards younger populations and is on the rise. However, there is limited analysis on the impact and epidemiology of thyroid cancer in women of reproductive age. We aim to assess and analyze the burden and trends of thyroid cancer in women of reproductive age globally, regionally and in China from 1990 to 2021.
Methods:
Data on thyroid cancer in women of reproductive age were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study for 2021. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized DALYs(ASDR) and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) were calculated to analyze the temporal changes in the burden from 1990 to 2021, assessing the trend of thyroid cancer (TC) among women of reproductive age.
Results:
Between 1990 and 2021, the number of incident cases and ASIR of TC increased in China and globally. The overall ASMR and ASDR showed a decreasing trend. China's ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR were below the global average, with a higher increasing trend in incidence compared to the worldwide level, while mortality and disability rates declined more rapidly than the global average. Regionally, the highest ASIR in 2021 were observed in the high-income Asia Pacific and high-income North America regions. The Southern Sub-Saharan Africa region had the lowest ASIR and the highest ASMR, with incident cases, deaths, and DALYs all ranking in the top three for growth trends. Central Europe experienced the fastest decline in incidence and DALYs, while East Asia saw a relatively rapid decline in deaths and DALYs. At the national level, overall incidence and disability rates increased from 1990 to 2021, while mortality rates decreased. The incidence rate in 2021 ranged from 0.02 to 14.96, showing a significant disparity, with Zimbabwe having relatively high ASMR and ASDR, and Poland experiencing a rapid decline in ASIR and ASDR. Overall, ASIR increased with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with higher incidence rates in high SDI and low-middle SDI regions, while ASMR and ASDR decreased with SDI. High SDI regions had the highest incidence rates and experienced the largest reduction in ASMR from 1990 to 2021. In the 15–19 age group, the ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR were the lowest, while the 45–49 years age group has the highest rates. With increasing age, there was a demonstrated upward trend.
Conclusion:
Although the age-standardized rates of ASIR, ASDR, and ASDR for thyroid cancer among women of reproductive age globally decreased from 1990 to 2021, alarming increases were observed in low SDI and low-middle SDI regions. Effective prevention and treatment measures must be taken in these areas to reduce the incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer.
Does addiction skip a generation? Patterns of intergenerational transmission of substance abuse
Authors: Kravchenko Olly , Bishop Lauren , Almquist Ylva B
Published: December 2024

Purpose
Familial aggregation of substance abuse (SA) is well-documented in epidemiological literature, yet the specific transmission patterns across multiple generations remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the trajectories of SA continuity across three generations, focusing on whether it persists directly through SA or manifests as other forms of psychopathology in the intermediate generation.
Methods
This prospective multigenerational cohort study (n = 29,115) included individuals born in Stockholm in 1953, their parents, and their children, followed through register linkages until 2016. Linear probability modeling assessed whether parental SA and psychopathology mediate and/or moderate the relationship between grandparental and grandchild SA.
Results
In the absence of grandparental SA, the probability of grandchildren having SA followed a gradient based on parental profiles: 7.1% with no parental SA or psychopathology, 12.8% with parental psychopathology, 17.5% with parental SA, and 22.1% with both. However, in the presence of grandparental SA, grandchild SA rates remained consistent across all problematic parental profiles (25.0%, 24.2%, and 25.9%, respectively). Notably, the most substantial increase in SA occurred in the third generation when parents had only psychiatric disorders (25.0% versus 12.8% without grandparental SA).
Conclusion
The study suggests that grandparental SA significantly elevates the risk of SA in grandchildren and is partially mediated and moderated by both parental SA and psychopathology. These findings underscore the importance of considering alternative pathways of SA transmission for understanding and preventing its continuity across generations.
Establishing the Radiological Safety Zone in the Ischium to Prevent Neurovascular Injury During Endoscopic Hamstring Tendon Repair: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Aydemir Selahaddin , Cici Hakan , Celtik Mustafa , Zeybek Gulsah , Arslan Ahmet Kaan , Yarol Raif Can , Balci Ali , Hapa Onur
Published: December 2024

Background
This study aimed to establish safe zones for arthroscopic hamstring repair by pinpointing the radiological borders of the proximal hamstring tendon. These landmarks will aid surgeons in positioning anchors safely, minimizing the risk of nerve and vascular damage, and lowering the potential for intraoperative complications.
Materials and Methods
In this anatomical and radiological study, five human cadavers fixed with formaldehyde (10 hips) were analyzed. Marking pins were placed at the borders of the proximal hamstring tendon footprint to determine its anatomical boundaries. Pelvis PA and hip PA radiographs were then taken to determine the radiological boundaries of the tendon footprint and its relationship with the ischial tuberosity. The distances from the tendon’s superior, medial, lateral, and inferior borders to the line joining the ischial tuberosities and the ischial apex were calculated. The accuracy of hip and pelvis radiographs was compared to assess their usefulness in surgical planning. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test.
Results
Four of the five cadavers were male, with a mean age of 67 years. The distances of the hamstring tendon to the line joining the ischium and to the ischial apex were determined with similar measurements on PA radiographs of the pelvis and hip. The distances of the superior, medial, lateral, and inferior borders to the line joining the ischium were 35.3 mm, 22.5 mm, 30.3 mm, and 17.5 mm, respectively, in the pelvis radiograph. In comparison, these values were 35.3 mm, 22.1 mm, 29.7 mm, and 18.9 mm in the hip radiograph. The distances of the superior, medial, lateral, and inferior borders to the ischial apex were 47.7 mm, 33.9 mm, 43.3 mm, and 31.4 mm, respectively, in the pelvic radiograph. In comparison, these values were 47.9 mm, 32.7 mm, 44 mm, and 33.2 mm in the hip radiograph. The distances between the medial and lateral borders and the distances between the superior and inferior borders were also similar.
Conclusion
Defining the radiological margins of the hamstring tendon provides a critical reference for portal opening and safe and anatomical anchor placement in arthroscopic hamstring repairs. The findings suggest that consistent identification of these boundaries by preoperative imaging and intraoperative fluoroscopy may reduce the risk of neurovascular injury and improve surgical success. The difference in distance between pelvis and hip PA radiographs was not statistically significant, supporting the reliability and reproducibility of both methods.
Trial registration:
Not applicable.
Covid and the income gap between family structures
Authors: Shideler John
Published: December 2024

Family structure can influence household income in a number of important ways. From the motherhood penalty, to the financial advantages of a dual-income-no-kids household, to the pros and cons of having extended family under the same roof. Caring for children increases expenses and can limit household labor supply. During the Covid Pandemic, the shut-down of schools, daycares, and businesses increased the challenges for household labor supply in families with kids, particularly those young enough to need 24-hour supervision. This paper uses the Survey of Household Economics and Decision-making (SHED) data to investigate how the Covid pandemic affected household income heterogeneously related to family structure and childcare limitations. This work proposes an income gap between households with children under eighteen years of age and households without children under eighteen years of age, and finds that this income gap widens as a result of challenges related to the Covid pandemic.
JEL: J00 J12 J22 D10
Proposed Routing Decision Making Methods for Reconfigurable Manufacturing System Production Planning
Authors: Shivdas Rutuja , Sapkal Sagar
Published: December 2024

Production planning is the effective organization of resources, processes, and schedules in a manufacturing system to achieve optimal resource utilization and timely product delivery. Routing is an important part of production planning as it determines the best path or sequence of operations for a product as it progresses through manufacturing. A Reconfigurable Manufacturing System (RMS) consists of modular machines with basic and auxiliary modules which provides more flexibility allowing the structure and configuration of manufacturing facilities to be reconfigured quickly in response to changing production requirements. Routing of job addresses system-level design problems for RMS. Despite the importance of routing decisions in RMS, fewer research efforts have been directed at the selection methods for optimal routes. Optimal routing selection allows for quick reconfiguration of processes and resources to meet changing demands, and reduces cycle time, lead time, and production costs. This paper focuses on developing computational methods for routing selection, considering the availability of alternative process routes for job processing. Two computational approaches, Minimum Processing Time (MPT) and Minimum Module (MM), are introduced for RMS routing. These methodologies are implemented in a case study, followed by a comparative analysis to evaluate the impact of the proposed approaches on routing decisions.
Predictors of delay in the cervical cancer care cascade in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Swanson Megan , Ayadi Alison El , Nakalembe Miriam , Namugga Jane , Nakisige Carol , Chen Lee-may , Huchko Megan J
Published: December 2024

Background
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women with significant global disparities in disease burden. In lower-resource settings, where routine screening is uncommon, delays in diagnosis and treatment contribute to morbidity and mortality. Understanding care delays may inform strategies to decrease time to treatment, improving patient outcomes.
Methods
We collected sociodemographic, reproductive health and care journey data from 268 Ugandan women newly diagnosed with cervical cancer. We explored the influence of patient, health provider, system, and disease factors on time to presentation (patient interval), diagnosis (diagnostic interval) and treatment (treatment interval) using survival analysis.
Results
Median patient, diagnostic and treatment intervals were 74 days (IQR 26–238), 83 days (IQR 34–229), and 34 days (IQR 18–58), respectively. Patient interval was delayed by belief that symptoms would resolve (aHR 0.37, 95% CI 0.24–0.57), confusion about where to seek care (aHR 0.64, 95% CI 0.47–0.88), and utilization of traditional care (aHR 0.70, 95% CI 0.51–0.96). Patient interval facilitators included perceiving symptoms as serious (aHR 2.14, 95% CI 1.43–3.19) and suspecting cancer (aHR 1.82, 95% CI 1.12–2.97). Diagnostic interval delays included symptomatic bleeding (aHR 055, 95% CI 0.35–0.85) and visiting > 2 clinics (aHR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49–0.97); facilitators included early-stage disease (aHR 1.41, 95% CI 1.03–1.95) and direct tertiary care presentation (aHR 2.13, 95% CI 1.20–3.79). Treatment interval delays included anticipating long waits (aHR 0.68, 95% CI 0.46–1.02) and requiring blood transfusions (aHR 0.63, 95% CI 0.37–1.07); no facilitators were identified.
Conclusions
We identified potentially modifiable barriers and facilitators along the cervical cancer care cascade. Interventions targeting these factors may improve care timeliness but are unlikely to significantly improve morbidity or mortality. Expanding cervical cancer screening and vaccination are of utmost importance.
The Role of Litterfall Production, Decomposition and Nutrient Dynamics under Land Use Influences: Implication to Agroecosystems Health in Aleta Chuko, Ethiopia
Authors: Shuite Zenebe , Demessie Ambachew , Abebe Tesfaye
Published: December 2024

Investigating litterfall, decomposition rate and nutrient dynamics for tree species enlighten for predicting nutrient cycling and compost production. The study aimed to measure litterfall of seven woody species in Coffee-Enset agroforestry (CEA) and eucalyptus camaldulensis in woodlots, to determine the decomposition rate, nutrient contents and returns of leaf litter. Samples were taken over three transect lines with three replicates for each species litterfall and decomposition experiments for one year using litter traps and nylon-mesh litter bags, respectively. Monthly litterfall ranged from 40.9 for C. arabica to 79.7 g m-2 for O. kenyensis in CEA, and 54.8 g m-2 for E. camaldulensis. Litterfall was significantly different among the studied species (p < 0.05). Decay constants significantly differed among the species (p < 0.05), C. arabica was the fastest (2.4) while E. camaldulensis was the slowest (1.1). Nutrient concentrations, litter quality and land-use influences were controlling factors of litter decomposition. C. africana contributed significantly higher return of Phosphorus (1.05) and Potassium (11.72) g m-2 (p < 0.05). M. ferruginea (16.2) and O. kenyensis (14.1) g m-2 showed significantly higher nitrogen returns (p < 0.05), E. camaldulensis showed higher Sodium (.41 g m-2) return. There was a significant loss of initial litter Potassium, Calcium, and Magnesium for all studied species during yearly decomposition (p < 0.05). Higher litterfall species (O. kenyensis, C. africana, and P. americana) are preferable for carbon returns. Fast decaying and higher NPK litters are useful for composting. Higher Sodium return of E. camaldulensis was detrimental to soil and plant.
Assessment of the Level of Financial Risk Associated with the Market Activity of a Public Company, with a Neutral Approach to Its Dividend Policy
Authors: Krylov Sergey
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this article is to study the theoretical and practical aspects of assessing the level of financial risk of a public company associated with its activity on the stock market (market activity) depending on the main determining factors in the context of a neutral approach to dividend policy, by analyzing the sensitivity of key indicators of the activity of a public company on the stock market to these factors, allowing for the interests of all other stakeholders interested in the activities of the public company (including potential investors) to be taken into account in order to ensure its sustainable development, which involves approximately equal distribution of this financial risk between them, in the long term. The methodological basis of the study was the concept of a neutral approach to the dividend policy of a public company and the concept of sensitivity analysis. The motivation for the study is to ensure the development, justification and effective management of the financial risk of a public company associated with its market activity depending on the main determining factors in the context of a neutral approach to dividend policy, to ensure the interests of its main stakeholders by constructing elasticity models of key indicators of market activity by the main determining factors, allowing to assess the level of financial risk associated with these factors. The author concludes that the elasticity models of key indicators of a public company's activity on the stock market by the main determining factors developed by him are a fairly effective tool for assessing the level of financial risk caused by the degree of market activity of a public company under conditions of a neutral approach to the implementation of its dividend policy.
JEL codes: C15, G32, G34, G35
MSC codes: 91G50, 91G70, 91G80
Hamstring-quadriceps strength ratio at different movement velocities in healthy young adults
Authors: Turati Marco , Tosoni Davide , Benedettini Erik , Albanese Fabio , Alessandro Cristiano , Rossi Emanuela , Sugimoto Dai , Accadbled Franck , Zatti Giovanni , Crippa Marco , Bigoni Marco
Published: December 2024

Purpose
The aims of the study were: comparing the strength of the thigh muscles at 30°/s and 60°/s, comparing the hamstring to quadriceps ratio (H/Q) resulting from the two movement velocities, and calculating an optimum cut-off for H/Q at 30°/s.
Methods
The study was conducted on 29 healthy non-professional athletes aged from 20 to 30. Both legs of the participants were assessed at angular velocities of 30°/s and 60°/s. Participants underwent a three-phase protocol: 3-minute warm-up on an elliptical machine, 30-second of whole-body vibration and isokinetic test using Technogym’s REV 7000 dynamometer. Maximum concentric torques and H/Q were measured at 30°/s and then at 60°/s, with five repetitions per leg and a 60-second rest between phases.
Results
At 30°/s, quadriceps and hamstring forces were higher compared to 60°/s, but there was no significant difference in the resulting H/Q. We found a positive correlation between the H/Q ratios at the two speeds (R = 0.796, p < 0.001). Age, sex, BMI, dominant leg, or activity level didn’t influence this ratio at 30°/s and at 60°/s. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) models and agreement tests suggested an optimal cut-off value of 0.57 at 30°/s.
Conclusions
Operating at the 30°/s velocity generates higher peak torques, while it maintains H/Q comparable to that obtained at the 60°/s velocity. This lower speed may make the isokinetic test more feasible during rehabilitation after ACL-R surgery, especially for patients who struggle with a 60°/s test. However, when using 30°/s, the conventional H/Q cut-off should be set at 0.57.
Wanting what hurts: D1 dopamine receptor neuronal stimulation in central nucleus of amygdala is sufficient to induce maladaptive attraction to a shock rod
Authors: Nguyen David , Berridge Kent
Published: December 2024

Maladaptive desires, such as addictions, can arise and persist despite not being justified by their outcome value. A laboratory prototype of a maladaptive desire that is unjustified by outcome is ‘wanting what hurts’: appetitive attraction to a noxious ‘shock rod’, produced in rats by pairing optogenetic channelrhodopsin (ChR2) stimulation of neurons in central nucleus of amygdala (CeA) with voluntary encounters of the electrified shock rod. However, which particular CeA neuronal types are responsible for inducing this maladaptive attraction remains unknown. Here we used Cre targeted optogenetic stimulation to assess relative contributions of CeA neuronal subtypes expressing either D1 dopamine receptors, or D2 dopamine receptors, or CRF neurotransmitter, compared to the hSyn-targeted stimulation of all types of CeA neurons as used in previous studies. We report that selective stimulation of D1-expressing CeA neurons is sufficient to induce maladaptive shock rod attraction similar to hSyn-targeted stimulation of general neuronal population: both produced similar levels of attraction and self-administered shocks. CeA D1 rats and CeA hSyn rats were also sufficiently motivated to appetitively overcome a barrier to reach the shock rod, and to seek out Pavlovian cues associated with shocks from the shock rod, indicating their attraction was mediated by incentive motivation usually reserved for rewards. Our results reveal a special role for D1-expressing CeA neurons in recruiting mesocorticolimbic incentive motivation circuitry to generate maladaptive ‘wanting what hurts’.
Residential Radon Exposure in the United States: a Scoping Review
Authors: Ksir Kawther Al , Stanifer Stacy , Mamudu Hadii M. , Quinn Megan , Slawson Deborah
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
Radon, a naturally occurring gas, is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the United States (U.S.), contributing to 21000 deaths and $2 billion in economic costs. Despite decades of research, epidemiological studies on residential radon exposure and lung cancer outcomes have yielded inconsistent results, which provides justification for this study.
Methods:
This scoping review systematically examined the national literature on residential radon exposure and radon-induced lung cancer in the U.S. A comprehensive search strategy was employed across four databases, including 13 relevant studies. These studies, conducted across various states, employed diverse methodologies and radon detection techniques.
Results:
The dominant factors in radon exposure and its correlation with lung cancer risk included variations in radon levels in homes and their correlation with water supply radon levels. Elevated radon concentrations near certain geological formations, like Reading Prong granites, are linked to increased lung cancer mortality. Despite some paradoxical associations, there's a general trend of increased lung cancer mortality with higher radon exposure, especially above values recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Discussion:
Challenges such as methodological variability and potential biases were identified, highlighting the need for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and guide targeted interventions.
Conclusion:
The broad variation in radon exposure levels between states and the observed association in specific regions highlights the importance of continued targeted research by state and public health initiatives to minimize radon exposure. Radon disparities and potential confounding factors by state highlight the need for more focused research to include the state radon profile and other geographical variations.
A Reproducible Study and Performance Analysis of GPU Programming Paradigms: OpenACC vs. CUDA in Key Linear Algebra Computations
Authors: Krishnasamy Ezhilmathi , Bouvry Pascal
Published: December 2024

Scientific and engineering problems are frequently governed by partial differential equations; however, the analytical solutions of these equations are often impractical, thereby forcing the adoption of numerical methods. Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (BLAS) operations constitute a fundamental component of these numerical approaches, incorporating essential tasks such as Level 1 operations (dot products and vector addition), Level 2 operations (matrix-vector multiplication), and Level 3 operations (matrix-matrix multiplication). Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), particularly those produced by NVIDIA, have gained significant computational power and are extensively employed to tackle a variety of numerical challenges. Nevertheless, substantial obstacles remain in targeting diverse GPU architectures, particularly concerning portability, the reduction of workarounds, and the enhancement of performance. This study utilizes directive-based programming languages, such as OpenACC, to effectively exploit GPU capabilities. We undertake a comprehensive comparative study and performance evaluation of the OpenACC programming model in comparison to CUDA in executing essential BLAS routines.
DNA Quantification in Ecklonia maxima seaweed extracts
Authors: Majeke Bongo , Naicker Dunesha , Edwards Alec
Published: December 2024

DNA quantification is essential for product identification, quality assessment, and concentration verification in seaweed extracts. With numerous extracts making varied claims, this study investigates whether DNA analysis could serve as a valuable tool for regulatory bodies to confirm the authenticity and origins of these extracts. DNA quantification was performed in commercial Afrikelp biostimulant formulations and a competitor Ecklonia maxima product using NanoDrop, Qubit, and gene-specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) for enhanced precision. The qPCR targeted rbcL and COX genes, enabling quantification of DNA directly associated with the seaweed content in the formulations. Additionally, the study compared a cold micronization process (CMP) of E. maxima to the cell burst method, with results showing that the Afrikelp CMP yielded significantly (p<0.05) higher DNA copy numbers than the cell burst extraction of the same seaweed. These findings establish a foundation for analysing sensitive active compounds using qPCR, emphasising the importance of preserving these compounds during extraction to ensure the efficacy of biostimulants in agricultural applications.
Framing de la campaña electoral presidencial mexicana de 2024: impacto de las candidaturas y fases de campaña en el uso de encuadres
Authors: Muñiz Carlos
Published: December 2024

During the 2024 Mexican presidential election campaign, the media played a crucial role in conveying information about the candidates to the public through a particular news coverage. With the aim of analyzing the media framing used during this process, a content analysis was conducted based on the assessments from the INE’s monitoring of radio and television news programs throughout the 2024 campaign. The findings indicate a dominant use of the strategic game frame. Additionally, while the frame of messages, ideas, and proposals diminished towards the end of the campaign, the use of both the strategic game frame and personal elements frame increased during the intermediate phase and remained prominent in the final phase. Finally, the coverage of personal elements dominated throughout the campaign for one candidate, while the use of other frames became more similar across all three candidates by the end of the campaign.
PERSPECTIVAS DE ENFERMEIROS SOBRE A ASSISTÊNCIA À SAÚDE LGBTQIAPN+ NA ESTRATÉGIA DE SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA
Authors: Guilherme Augusto de Cristo Souza  , Roberta Mendes von Randow
Published: December 2024

A população LGBTQIAPN+ (lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, trans, queer, intersexo, assexuais/arromânticas/agênero, pan/poli, não binárias e outras) enfrenta barreiras significativas nos serviços de saúde, frequentemente decorrentes da falta de sensibilização dos profissionais. Em resposta a essas dificuldades, o Ministério da Saúde implementou a Política Nacional de Saúde Integral LGBT (PNSI-LGBT), visando garantir direitos e equidade no acesso aos serviços (BRASIL, 2013). Este estudo qualitativo explora a prática de enfermagem na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) em um município da zona da mata mineira, focando na assistência à população LGBTQIAPN+. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com enfermeiros da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF), visando identificar lacunas na assistência e estratégias para promover um atendimento inclusivo. Os resultados visam contribuir para a melhoria das práticas de cuidado e das políticas públicas voltadas para essa população.
DA IDEAÇÃO AO ATO: A TENTATIVA DE SUICÍDIO E OS DESAFIOS DO ACOMPANHAMENTO DO SUJEITO PELA REDE DE SAÚDE MENTAL
Authors: Denise Florêncio Robadel  , Emanuelle Silva Ferreira  , Lis Rayara Pires Muzzi  , Étore Gomes Mazini  , Isabela Fontes Rocha
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo, por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, buscou-se demarcar estudos acerca da atuação e manejo por parte dos profissionais da saúde em pessoas com ideação suicida, de modo a contribuir como estudo bibliográfico a respeito do manejo clínico antes e após a tentativa de suicídio, necessidade de articulações entre redes, a importância do apoio da família e de serviços especializados em saúde mental e os possíveis riscos e desafios enfrentados pelo indivíduo que o comete. Objetivou-se, ampliar a informação e a compreensão em relação ao tema e formar possíveis vias de intervenção em conjunto com a saúde.
COMPORTAMENTO FÍSICO-MECÂNICO DE CONCRETOS CONTENDO AGREGADOS RECICLADOS
Authors: Victor Ivanildo Gomes da Silva  , Juliano de Freitas Dutra
Published: December 2024

O setor da construção civil contribui significativamente para a degradação ambiental devido à extração intensiva de recursos naturais e à grande geração de resíduos. Em Manhuaçu/MG, a expansão da indústria da construção resultou em um aumento na produção de resíduos de construção e demolição, estimado em cerca de 46 mil toneladas anuais, os quais muitas vezes não recebem destinação ou reaproveitamento adequados, ampliando os impactos ambientais. Diante deste cenário, e considerando o crescente impacto ambiental causado pelo descarte inadequado desses resíduos, este trabalho tem como objetivo principal avaliar a resistência à compressão axial de concretos produzidos com a substituição de 15% de agregado miúdo natural por agregado miúdo reciclado, contribuindo para práticas mais sustentáveis na construção civil e destinação correta desses resíduos. Os materiais utilizados foram coletados em uma concreteira localizada em Manhuaçu/MG. Os resíduos foram caracterizados quanto às suas propriedades físicas e mecânicas. O procedimento experimental adotado incluiu a produção de concretos reciclados e a realização de ensaios de resistência à compressão axial avaliados aos 14 e 28 dias de cura. Os resultados indicaram que a substituição parcial permitiu obter uma boa trabalhabilidade do concreto. No entanto, a resistência mecânica do material não apresentou um crescimento significativo ao final do período de 28 dias, mantendo-se em valores médios de 32,3% de acréscimos em sua resistência mecânica. Os resultados demonstraram que o concreto com agregado miúdo reciclado não apresentou resultados satisfatórios inicialmente, necessitando assim de mais estudos e ajustes no traço utilizado.
Should Egypt be afraid of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam? The consequences of adversarial water policy on the Blue Nile
Authors: Whittington Dale , Hall Jim , Murgatroyd Anna , Wheeler Kevin
Published: December 2024

Although large dams can provide multiple benefits, they may negatively impact downstream riparians, and could be used to cause harm by withholding water. Concern about deliberately adversarial operation of the Grand Ethiopia Renaissance Dam (GERD) is mounting in Egypt and overshadows the regional negotiations around water resources. We simulate a range of operational policies for the GERD, including an adversarial operation policy, which could reduce annual water releases from the High Aswan Dam (HAD) by 2.72 billion cubic meters (annual exceedance probability of 0.02) compared to operations that seek to reduce downstream water shortages. However, such a policy would reduce annual GERD hydropower generation by 1 TWh, which is equivalent to 7% of the GERD's annual electricity generation. The threat of Ethiopia withholding water is only occasionally credible, as it requires the reservoirs at the GERD and the HAD to both be unusually low, which we show will rarely occur.
Cultura Organizacional em instituições de ensino superior: do foco no cidadão ao cumprimento das normas
Authors:   , Carvalho Renata Albuquerquer de
Published: December 2024

Considerando a coexistência dos modelos de gestão burocrática e gerencial no cotidiano das Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES), este trabalho pretende explorar, por meio da percepção dos servidores públicos e à luz da cultura organizacional, as práticas administrativas das Pró-Reitorias de uma Universidade Federal em relação ao cumprimento de normas e o foco no cidadão. Isto é, pretende-se observar a valorização (ou desvalorização) da formalidade, da impessoalidade, da hierarquia e do foco nas necessidades dos usuários, visando a melhor compreender de que maneira o apego dos servidores a tais elementos influencia nas práticas das organizações públicas, no que diz respeito à consecução de seu principal objetivo: o bem-estar social. Os procedimentos metodológicos da dissertação incluíram, além de pesquisa bibliográfica, entrevistas com servidores da instituição estudada, compondo um estudo de caso do tipo exploratório. Foi possível observar o apego dos servidores entrevistados às características da burocracia, em especial o formalismo e a impessoalidade. O estudo demonstra que a burocracia, por meio de suas normas escritas, atua como ferramenta de proteção dos servidores contra uma desconfiança generalizada em relação às suas práticas. Desse modo, pôde-se concluir que os servidores da Universidade estudada direcionam suas práticas muito mais ao cumprimento de normas do que ao foco nas necessidades dos usuários de seus serviços.
Corrupção e o valor das firmas
Authors:   , Teixeira Ester Medley Bezerra
Published: December 2024

O presente estudo propõe-se a analisar os efeitos da corrupção no valor das firmas em diferentes ambientes institucionais, que propiciam níveis distintos de exposição à burocracia e regulamentações excessivas. Para isso, utilizou-se a técnica de regressão linear, com disposição de dados em painel e a técnica de regressão quantílica, que permite a distribuição da amostra investigada em grupos compostos desde as empresas com menor valor de mercado até abranger aquelas com maior valor. Os resultados apontaram para um efeito heterogêneo no comportamento das variáveis, indicando que a diminuição da exposição ao risco de corrupção tem impacto negativo nas firmas de menor valor, e positivo nas firmas de maior valor. O exame comparativo com os resultados obtidos a partir da regressão convencional mostrou que seu uso pode ser insuficiente para retratar de forma representativa este fenômeno. Por isso, considera-se a contribuição deste estudo relevante para as pesquisas acerca do tema, fornecendo evidências que corroboram com a ideia de que as hipóteses da “graxa” e “areia” na engrenagem não se contradizem, mas se complementam e são possíveis nos diversos contextos em que as firmas podem estar inseridas.
ANALISIS RETURN SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN GO PUBLIC SEBELUM MERGER DAN AKUISISI DAN FAKTOR DETERMINAN
Authors: Febrian Febby , Galuh Ajeng Kartika
Published: December 2024

The major changes that occur as a result of the merger and acquisition phenomenon have the potential to have a significant influence on stock returns. This research aims to determine the influence of determinant factors on stock returns before mergers and acquisitions, determine the influence of determinant factors on stock returns after mergers and acquisitions, and analyze differences in stock returns before and after mergers and acquisitions. This research is included in quantitative research and the type of data used in the research is secondary data from financial reports 2 years before and 2 years after mergers and acquisitions. The sample in this research consisted of 21 companies. The data analysis method used is the panel data regression analysis method and the paired sample t-test. The results of this research are that determinant factors have no effect on stock returns before mergers and acquisitions, determinant factors have an effect on stock returns after mergers and acquisitions and there are differences in stock returns before and after mergers and acquisitions.