bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CÂNCER DE PÂNCREAS: AVANÇOS CIRÚRGICOS E DESAFIOS NA PRÁTICA ATUAL – UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Gonçalves Alana Arantes Santos , Lima Débora Andrade , Polacci Eduardo Zerbinati , Santos Giovanna Oikawa dos , Dotoli Guilherme Cordeiro Rezende , Jardim Isabelle Francesquini Matheus , Trovó Julia Bianquete , Zanin Maria Clara Oliveira , Silva Maria Eduarda Amaral , Santos Rodrigo Fernandes Leitão dos , Becegatto Tatiana Ferrari , Maluf Thainá Franco , Leite Veronica Martins , Silva Rodolfo Cabral da
Published: December 2024

Pancreatic cancer surgery remains one of the most significant challenges in oncology due to anatomical complexity and high morbidity. This study reviews the advances and challenges in surgical practice, highlighting the impact of technological innovations such as robotic surgery, intraoperative biomarkers, and perioperative care protocols. The integration of combined therapies, such as adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine, has improved survival rates and patients’ quality of life. However, economic barriers, limited access to innovations, and gaps in long-term randomized studies persist. This paper concludes that multidisciplinary approaches and continuous advancements in genetic and immunological therapies are essential to transform pancreatic cancer prognosis.
Análisis de las dificultades de los abogados en sus inicios profesionales
Authors: Mercado Aguirre Maria Jose , Rodriguez Benavides Roger Brian , Rufino Villan Brandon Adhemar , Rufino Efrain Borwing , Aráoz Rioja Nidia Edith
Published: December 2024

La investigación analiza los desafíos que enfrentan los jóvenes licenciados en Derecho para encontrar empleo en Bolivia, donde ser titulado ya no garantiza un trabajo. Destacan cuatro obstáculos principales: la falta de experiencia, la saturación del mercado laboral, la necesidad de contactos clave y la desconexión entre teoría y práctica profesional. Utilizando un enfoque metodológico mixto cualitativas y cuantitativas, el estudio identifica que la saturación del mercado laboral dificulta la inserción de nuevos abogados, quienes compiten en un entorno que valora la especialización y la experiencia. Los investigadores concluyen que es crucial integrar prácticas profesionales en la formación académica para proporcionar experiencia práctica, fomentar la especialización y mejorar la vinculación entre universidades y el mercado laboral. Se recomienda continuar investigando para abordar nuevas dinámicas y combatir el desempleo profesional.
Efectos y medidas adaptativas al cambio climático en sistemas agropecuarios del Altiplano: Revisión de literatura
Authors: Choque Marca Willy Casto , Torrico Alvino Juan Carlos
Published: December 2024

El cambio climático es la principal amenaza ambiental para la producción agropecuaria del Altiplano. Durante las dos últimas décadas se han generado publicaciones sobre los efectos y las medidas de adaptación al cambio climático en el sector agropecuario producto de proyectos de desarrollo e investigación implementados por entidades gubernamentales, ONG’s, cooperación internacional y la academia. Con el objetivo de sistematizar el estado de situación sobre las tendencias climáticas y las sugerencias de medidas adaptativas para la región y el sector, se realizó la presente revisión. Se utilizó el motor de búsqueda Google Scholar con los descriptores “Climate Change Altiplano” y “cambio climático Altiplano” priorizando artículos académicos entre 2014 y 2024. Los estudios revisados reportan tendencias observadas y percibidas de incremento de la temperatura, variación del régimen de lluvias con tendencias de reducción en el Altiplano Centro y Sur, aumento de la evapotranspiración e incremento de eventos extremos, en particular la sequía. Las proyecciones climáticas reportan la continuidad y agudización de las tendencias observadas debido a la posición geográfica y altitud de la región, en particular la temperatura, las precipitaciones y los eventos climáticos extremo. Diversos estudios sugieren que, dado que las causas y efectos del cambio climático son multidimensionales, el fortalecimiento de la capacidad adaptativa en sistemas agropecuarios requiere igualmente un enfoque multidimensional. Finalmente, se tiene sistematizado las medidas adaptativas sugeridas aglutinados en los siguientes ámbitos: económico, ambiental, social, manejo agronómico e institucional.
Consenso Latinoamericano de Lubricantes Oculares y Ojo Seco (LUBOS)
Authors: Nuñez María Ximena , Rodríguez García Alejandro , Garza Manuel , Pereira Gomez José Alvaro , Aguilar Alejandro , Henríquez Maria Alejandra , Acevedo Velasco María Mercedes , Cartes-Indo Cristian , Ambrósio Renato , Carvalho Costa Dácio , Aparicio Juan Pablo , Felberg Sergio , Ávalos Gaxiola Guillermo , Fornazari de Oliveira Denis , Benatti Andrés , Galperin Gustavo , Blanco Claudia , García Albisua Ana Mercedes , Grau Diez Arturo Eduardo , Real Enderica Luis Alberto , Hernández-Bogantes Erick , Sánchez-Huerta Valeria , Londoño Ruiz Juana María , Tanos Faride Waked , Otero-Leongómez Ernesto José , Valvecchia Florencia , Palacio Pastrana Claudia , Wasilewski Daniel , Carnielli Lisandro Matías , Ossa López Beatriz Eugenia , Corrales Martínez María Isabel , Hernández-Tejada Carlos Andrés , Torres Rodrigo Martín
Published: December 2024

The tear film has a complex composition allowing it fulfill multiple functions, such as optical, lubrication, immunological, endocrine, and neurotrophic, which are relevant for visual health. Alterations in its components, both in quality and quantity, will affect its homeostasis, also impacting the ocular surface, leading to a condition known as “dry eye”. Dry eye has a high global prevalence, which is further increasing due to environmental factors (mainly screen mainly) and the overall rise in life expectancy. Several products are available for its treatment, but lubricants, generally referred to as “artificial tears”, continue to be crucial. There is a wide variety of lubricant formulations with different indications, which, when used appropriately according to the type and severity of dry eye, allow for effective customized treatment. Considering the complexity and relevance of this issue, the Latin American Study Group on Lubricants and Dry Eye (LUBOS) was formed. This work represents a consensus with the aim of creating a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for dry eye, focused on the proper use of lubricants, providing practical guidance for general ophthalmologists.
Generalized solutions of boundary value problems ofdynamics of thermoelastic rods
Authors: Alexeyeva Lyudmila , Prikazchikov Danila , Dadayeva Asiyat , Ainakeyeva Nursaule
Published: December 2024

We consider spatially one-dimensional boundary value problems of uncoupled thermoelasticity, which can be used to study various rod structures under thermal heating conditions. This model well describes thermodynamic processes at low strain rates. Here, a unified methodology has been developed for solving various boundary value problems typical of practical applications. The task is set to determine the thermo-stressed state of a thermoelastic rod under various boundary conditions at its ends, as well as the acting forces and heat sources along the entire length of the rod.Shock elastic waves arising in such structures under the action of shock loads are considered. Based on the method of generalized functions, generalized solutions of non-stationary and stationary direct and semi-inverse boundary value problems in the class of generalized vector functions of slow growth are constructed. Regular integral representations of generalized solutions are also given, which provide analytical solutions to the posed boundary value problems. The peculiarity of the constructed solutions makes them convenient for engineering applications because make it possible to study the influence of each boundary condition, as well as the acting power and heat sources separately, which is very important when assessing the strength properties of rod structures.
El nivel de conocimiento y capacidades sobre inteligencia artificial en la producción audiovisual en la EP. de Ciencias de la Comunicación Social, UNA Puno 2024.
Authors: Ramos Pacompia Marco Antonio , Huarcusi Quiñonez José Alexander , Mamani Gamarra Javier Elias , Palomino Asqui Dulio Cesar , Pancca Parillo Victor Raul
Published: December 2024

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar el nivel de conocimiento y capacidades sobre inteligencia artificial en la producción audiovisual de los estudiantes de la Escuela Profesional de Ciencias de la Comunicación Social de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano Puno 2024. La investigación se realizó bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, de diseño descriptivo, no experimental y transversal. La población estuvo compuesta por 416 estudiantes matriculados en el semestre académico 2024-II, de los cuales se seleccionó una muestra no probabilística estratificada de 100 estudiantes, distribuidos de manera equitativa entre 50 varones y 50 mujeres. Para la recolección de datos, se aplicó una encuesta con un cuestionario validado, dirigido a conocer los conocimientos teóricos y prácticos de los estudiantes sobre el uso de herramientas de inteligencia artificial (IA) en la producción audiovisual. Los resultados muestran que el nivel general de conocimiento y capacidades de los estudiantes es regular, con diferencias entre el conocimiento teórico, que presenta un nivel más alto en comparación con las capacidades prácticas. Estos hallazgos permiten plantear recomendaciones para mejorar la formación académica, con énfasis en la integración de tecnologías emergentes en el ámbito de la producción audiovisual.
La responsabilidad civil derivada del delito en Argentina: Un recorrido de su desarrollo como institución jurídica
Authors: Alvarado Moncada Zoila , Cevallos Sánchez Gissela
Published: December 2024

El presente artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar el desarrollo de la responsabilidad civil derivada del delito en Argentina como institución jurídica, realizando un recorrido a lo largo de las diversas teorías que permiten la comprensión y evolución de esta figura y su importancia en el sistema legal del país.
La investigación se fundamentó en una metodología documental, de tipo descriptiva y se utilizó el método exegético jurídico y el Histórico-Lógico. 
Se enfocó en la confrontación teórica entre la responsabilidad civil contractual y extracontractual con el fin de desarrollar un mejor entendimiento del derecho de daños y responsabilidad civil. 
Se reconoce que, independientemente de las clasificaciones históricas realizadas por la doctrina, tanto la responsabilidad civil contractual como la extracontractual comparten la característica común de la generación de un daño que debe ser compensado. 
Así mismo, se destaca que la responsabilidad civil contractual y extracontractual son las dos formas tradicionalmente reconocidas en el sistema de enjuiciamiento romano-germánico o europeo continental y latinoamericano. Aunque presentan características individuales, se basan en principios comunes que permiten una regulación normativa unificada y brindan mayor seguridad jurídica en la práctica. 
De esta manera, el artículo resalta la tendencia académica hacia la aplicación de un sistema responsabilidad civil de manera integrada, como se evidencia en el nuevo Código Civil de la Nación Argentina. 
Este código establece un único sistema de responsabilidad civil que reconoce las especificidades propias de cada una de sus formas o sectores. 
Finalmente, a pesar de las críticas que puedan surgir sobre la normativa actual de la responsabilidad civil en Argentina, es importante resaltar que las novedades que fueron incorporadas en Código Civil de la Nación representan un consenso histórico entre destacados académicos, quienes buscan lograr una mayor efectividad de esta institución esencial en la práctica, en aras de alcanzar la justicia.
O LANCE DE SURPRESA
Authors: Silva César Inácio da Silva e , Lima Eliane Soares de
Published: December 2024

A popularização das plataformas de xadrez e o aumento do interesse do público motivou jogadores titulados a transmitirem matches no Youtube e Twitch. Foi nesse contexto que viralizou uma partida entre o campeão mundial Magnus Carlsen e o Grande Mestre brasileiro Luis Paulo Supi, marcada por um “lance de surpresa”, conjugando o “inesperado” com o efeito de “graves consequências”. Considerando o registro em vídeo, exploraremos a noção de acontecimento, elaborada por Zilberberg, para exame da experiência sensível do jogador. Interessa-nos mostrar o caminho oferecido pela abordagem tensiva para descrição e compreensão das experiências e vivências do sujeito com o entorno.
CAMINHAR COMO UMA PRÁTICA SEMIÓTICA
Authors: Bueno Alexandre Marcelo
Published: December 2024

Diversos semioticistas se debruçaram sobre a questão da prática no cotidiano. Mesmo sem citar nominalmente, uma possível questão que eles abordam é a do caminhar. O objetivo deste trabalho é, assim, pensar no conceito de caminhar enquanto uma prática semiótica. Para isso, este trabalho está dividido em três seções: uma referente às diferentes concepções de espaço na semiótica; outra a respeito da noção do caminhar; e uma terceira com questões metodológicas a serem enfrentadas. Esperamos assim propor linhas iniciais para o debate sobre uma metodologia para a análise do espaço da cidade por meio da semiótica.
O próbie wykładni zakresu obowiązku zawieszenia koncentracji w unijnym prawie konkurencji. Glosa do wyroku Trybunału Sprawiedliwości z 31 maja 2018 r. w sprawie C-633/16 Ernst & Young przeciwko Konkurrencerådet
Authors:   Okręgowa Izbia Radców Prawnych w Warszawie, Sakowicz Aneta
Published: December 2024

Celem artykułu jest omówienie i analiza wyroku TSUE z 31 maja 2018 r. w sprawie C-633/16 Ernst & Young P/S przeciwko Konkurrencerådet z punktu widzenia jego znaczenia dla kwalifikacji określonych zachowań uczestników koncentracji w ramach szeroko rozumianej praktyki gun jumpingu. Na gruncie przedmiotowego wyroku zostanie przedstawione w szczególności podejście TS do zakresu prawnokonkurencyjnego obowiązku zawieszenia koncentracji (tzw. standstill obligation), jak również uwagi TSUE odnoszące się do przejawów antykonkurencyjnej współpracy przedsiębiorców na etapie poprzedzającym wprowadzenie w życie koncentracji. Artykuł obejmuje analizę i komentarz podjętego przez TSUE rozstrzygnięcia. Ponadto, zaprezentowany zostanie wpływ wyroku na późniejszą praktykę decyzyjną Komisji Europejskiej. Wreszcie, w celu podsumowania, zostaną także zaproponowane wynikające z rozstrzygnięcia TSUE wnioski dla przyszłej praktyki w ramach transakcji M&A.
Zaskarżalność aktów soft law. Podejście Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej na tle orzecznictwa wybranych państw członkowskich
Authors:   Wydział Prawa, Ekonomii i Zarządzania Uniwersytetu w Orleanie (Francja), Chudyba Agnieszka
Published: December 2024

Czy akty soft law wydawane przez krajowych regulatorów lub Komisję Europejską mogą podlegać kontroli sądowej? Kwestia ta jest w orzecznictwie przedmiotem rozbieżności. Dominuje tradycyjnie podejście, zgodnie z którym, ze względu na ich niewiążący charakter taka kontrola jest niecelowa lub nieuprawniona. Coraz częściej podkreśla się jednak, że skoro prawo miękkie ogranicza swobodę decyzyjną autora, determinuje zachowanie destynatariuszy, a niekiedy nawet kreuje po ich stronie uzasadnione oczekiwania, to pozostawienie tych aktów poza sferą kontroli sądowej może prowadzić do naruszenia prawa do skutecznego środka prawnego. Mając na uwadze istniejące rozbieżności, celem artykułu jest przedstawienie i porównanie istniejących w Unii Europejskiej oraz wybranych państwach członkowskich mechanizmów kontroli sądowej aktów soft law.
Soft law Prezesa UOKiK na przykładzie „Informacji o sposobie składania wniosków o ograniczenie prawa wglądu w postępowaniach”
Authors: Affre Joanna , Witek Krzysztof
Published: December 2024

Artykuł koncentruje się na problemie realizacji prawa do obrony stron postępowania przed Prezesem UOKiK do ochrony tajemnicy przedsiębiorstwa. Problematyka została poddana cenie z uwzględnieniem kwestii stosowania przed Organ soft law, w tym Informacji o sposobie składania wniosków o ograniczenie prawa wglądu w postępowaniach. W tekście wzięto pod uwagę problem nieaktualności soft law i możliwego ryzyka dla przedsiębiorców stosujących się do wskazań Prezesa UOKiK.
Definiowanie rynku właściwego w sektorze farmaceutycznym w sprawach antymonopolowych – rola Obwieszczenia KE w sprawie definicji rynku właściwego do celów wspólnotowego prawa konkurencji
Authors: Racka Katarzyna , Herbet Weronika ,   Uniwersytet Warszawski: Wydział Prawa i Administracji
Published: December 2024

„Rynek właściwy” stanowi jedno z kluczowych pojęć prawa konkurencji, a jego wyznaczanie jest podstawowym elementem każdego postępowania antymonopolowego zarówno na poziomie unijnym, jak i krajowym oraz narzędziem pozwalającym przedsiębiorcom na ocenę pozycji rynkowej na potrzeby identyfikacji potencjalnych rodzajów ryzyka związanych z wdrażanymi działaniami operacyjnymi. Jednym z instrumentów służącym zapewnieniu spójności w zakresie definiowania rynku właściwego w praktyce organów antymonopolowych jest obwieszczenie Komisji Europejskiej w sprawie definicji rynku właściwego do celu wspólnotowego prawa konkurencji. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ocena jego adekwatności w kontekście stosowania prawa antymonopolowego odnośnie do przedsiębiorców prowadzących działalność w sektorze farmaceutycznym. Praca obejmuje omówienie charakteru prawnego i znaczenia ww. obwieszczenia, zwięzłe omówienie jego treści pod kątem wytycznych w sprawie wyznaczania rynku właściwego w aspekcie produktowym i geograficznym. Na podstawie charakterystyki sektora farmaceutycznego – jego struktury podmiotowej i przedmiotowej oraz głównych czynników kształtujących konkurencję na rynkach farmaceutycznych – przeanalizowano czy wskazówki ujęte przez Komisję Europejską w przywołanym obwieszczeniu pozostają w tym zakresie adekwatne i aktualne, na jakich kryteriach na potrzeby własnych, wewnętrznych analiz powinni opierać się przedsiębiorcy prowadzący działalność w sektorze farmaceutycznym oraz jakie są ewentualne pożądane zmiany omawianego soft law w celu jego dostosowania do specyficznych realiów rynkowych.
Wyjaśnienia dotyczące sposobu ustalania kar pieniężnych a proporcjonalność kar pieniężnych nakładanych przez Prezesa UOKiK – próba analizy
Authors:   Queen Mary University of London, Murek Szymon
Published: December 2024

W artykule autor omawia politykę karania przedsiębiorców stosowaną przez Prezesa UOKiK przez pryzmat obowiązywania aktów soft law dotyczących deklarowanego przez Prezesa UOKiK sposobu obliczania wysokości kar pieniężnych. W początkowej części artykułu przedstawiono omówienie systemu kar pieniężnych w prawie konkurencji, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ich funkcji. W dalszej części analizie poddano praktykę decyzyjną Prezesa UOKiK, w szczególności z przełomu lat 2019 i 2020, pod kątem konieczności aktualizacji wyjaśnień w sprawie kar o nowe kategorie naruszeń.
Composing Heterophony: Arranging and Adapting Global Musics for Intercultural Ensembles
Authors: Silpayamanant Jon
Published: December 2024

The usage of heterophony has changed significantly since it was coined by Guido Adler in 1908 to signify an other in opposition to Western polyphony. It was first used to demonstrate an evolutionary progression from a more primitive form of music making to a purportedly more developed polyphony that had supposedly only been achieved in the West. Starting from the idea of a continuum between monophony and polyphony, with heterophony falling somewhere in the middle, this article contends that it is more useful to conceive of all three as coexisting and reflecting expressions of different functions of music. A more fluid concept of all three descriptive terms is far more useful as an analytic tool and can help to reveal a wide variety of hybridization and collaborative interaction between musicians with diverse musical backgrounds.
Variation law of micro-void distribution characteristics in early stage of spallation damage
Authors: ZHANG Fengguo , WANG Yanjin , WANG Pei , WANG Xinxin ,   Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, China
Published: December 2024

The development trend of spallation damage mechanics is to construct a physical model that couples information with micro-mesoscale structure of materials, which also promotes the development of numerical calculation methods, experimental techniques and theoretical research. The mechanism responsible for plastic deformation and failure of structural metal materials at high strain rates is complex and ainfluenced by heterogeneities in the micro-mesoscale structure that comprises the distribution of grain boundaries, interfaces, and pre-existing densities voids. The distribution of these mesoscale heterogeneities can provide either strengthening behavior or void nucleation sites and influence spall failure behavior. Due to the lack of evolutionary information of micro-mesoscopic void distribution characteristics, the current spallation damage model is not only restricted in its application in extreme environments with high strain rates, high pressures, and shock, but also does not effectively provide some information about the correlation between material damage and final material fragmentation particle size, which is of very concern in engineering. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a spallation damage model that can reflect the variation law of micro-mesoscopic void distribution characteristics in damaged materials. The probability distribution function of void nucleation based on cosine function is given in this work by analyzing various influencing factors in the process of void nucleation, combining the characteristics of early void growth, and considering the convenience of analytical solution. The analytical calculation results of the new probability function of void nucleation are consistent not only with the results of the variation of void number with time calculated by molecular dynamics, but also with the experimental results of tantalum spallation in the early stage of damage development, that is to say, the new probability function of void nucleation can reflect the variation law of micro-void distribution characteristics in the early stage of spallation damage to a certain extent.
Investigation of Models Used in Equating Testlet-Based Tests
Authors: Ukşul Ertunç , Kelecioğlu Hülya
Published: December 2024

This study aims to examine the effects of testlets on test equating. For this purpose unidimensional item response theory, two-factor item response theory and testlet response theory models were applied to the testlet-based tests for the estimation of item and ability parameters. In order to equate the tests, the parameters were placed on the common scale using mean-mean, mean-sigma and Stocking-Lord scale transformation methods under the common-item non-equivalent groups design. Then, the equating errors of the models depending on the scale transformation method and the number of testlets were calculated and compared. Equating errors were compared with Root Mean Squared Error. In the study, the science test of the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study project administered in 2019 was used as the data collection tool. As a result of the study, it was determined that the use of unidimensional item response theory model increased the equating error, while the use of two-factor and testlet response theory models decreased the equating error as the number of testlets in the test increased. In order to compare the models, the correlation between the parameters obtained from the models after scale transformation was examined and it was found that the item parameters were more affected by the model selection than the ability parameter. In addition, it was concluded that the equating errors obtained from the mean-mean and Stocking-Lord scale transformation methods were lower than the mean-sigma method.
Development of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties for Lowland Areas of Ethiopia and Registration of the “Asgori” Variety
Authors: Duga Rut , Zewdu Demeke , Dabi Alemu , Alemu Gadisa , Sime Berhanu , Geleta Negash , Zegaye Habtemariam , Solomon Tafesse , Delesa Abebe , Asefa Bayisa , Getamesey Abebe , Negash Tamirat , Abeyo Bekele , Badebo Ayele
Published: December 2024

Identifying improved crop varieties is crucial for Ethiopia's diverse agroecologies, as different crops respond differently. To meet food grain demand, stable, high-yielding genotypes and resistance to diverse factors are needed. Conducting trials in multiple locations is essential. Multi-location trials in Ethiopia from 2020-2021 involved 75 advanced bread wheat genotypes across 13 environments. The finest genotype, exhibiting high grain yield and stability, was selected based on its performance across different locations. In comparison to the Control Ogolcho, Hawi, Kakaba, Kingbird, Deka, Abay, Dursa, Balcha, and EBW192369, Asgori demonstrated significantly improved agronomic characteristics and enhanced yield by 121.6%, 53.9%, 29.6 %, 29.2%, 14.8%, 13.6%, 9.6%, 5.3%, and 4.1%, respectively. The newly chosen and released genotype, named Asgori, with the pedigree of MUTUS*2/HARIL#1/3/SWSR22T.B./2*BLOUK#1//WBLL1*2/KURUKU/4/MUTUS*2/HARIL#1, was officially developed by the Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia Institute of Agricultural Research in 2023. Asgori is a widely adaptable, high-yielding, medium, erect cultivar with excellent end-use qualities. It is resistant to leaf rust, yellow rust, and stem rust, and has been approved for cultivation under rain-fed conditions.
Subgaleal Hemorrhage with Periorbital Hematoma in a 6-Year-Old Boy Following a Road Traffic Accident: A Case Report
Authors: Saka Sulymon A. , Odafen Martins O. , Odion Hendrix E. , Odafen Perpetua I. , Williams Courage I. , Ajakaiye David , Emekolom Obiajulum N. , Illoh Oluchi O. , Esangbedo Vicars O.
Published: December 2024

Subgaleal hemorrhage is a rare yet potentially life-threatening condition in pediatric patients, characterized by bleeding in the subgaleal space and is often associated with head trauma. Although it is commonly observed in neonates following vacuum extraction, its occurrence following road traffic accidents is rare and under-reported. This case report presents a 6-year-old Nigerian boy who developed subgaleal hemorrhage and periorbital hematoma following a road traffic accident. Owing to the unavailability of a CT scan, diagnosis was achieved using skull X-ray and ultrasound. Tranexamic acid was administered as part of the medical management. Surgical intervention was performed to control the hemorrhage, with approximately 320ml of blood evaculated, and no drainage catheter was left in situ. The patient responded well to treatment, with full recovery observed during follow-up. This case highlights the importance of early recognition and intervention in subgaleal hemorrhage, particularly in resource-limited settings.
Efficacy of Fungicides, Botanicals and Trichoderma viride against Alternaria Leaf Spot of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)
Authors: Mahanty Anirban , Zacharia Sunil
Published: December 2024

Alternaria leaf spot, caused by Alternaria alternata, is a significant fungal disease affecting okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.), leading to considerable yield losses. This study investigates the efficacy of selected fungicides, botanicals, and Trichoderma viride in managing this disease, while assessing their effects on plant growth and the economic viability of the treatments. A field experiment was conducted using a randomized block design with eight treatments, including fungicides like mancozeb and carbendazim, botanicals such as neem oil, garlic, ginger extracts, and the biocontrol agent Trichoderma viride. The results showed that the combination of mancozeb (12%) and carbendazim (63%) was the most effective, resulting in the tallest plant height of 89.32 cm at 90 DAS, the lowest disease intensity of 8.10% at 45 DAS, and the highest yield of 14.81 t/ha. This treatment also resulted in the highest cost-benefit ratio of 1:2.94. Among the botanicals, neem oil and garlic extract showed moderate effectiveness in disease management. Trichoderma viride also contributed to significant disease suppression and plant growth enhancement. The cost-benefit analysis indicated that chemical fungicides provided the highest economic return, although botanicals and biocontrol agents offer sustainable alternatives. This study demonstrates that integrating chemical, biological, and botanical treatments can effectively manage Alternaria leaf spot in okra, with Trichoderma viride offering a promising eco-friendly option.
GRP 78 antibodies are associated with clinical phenotype in neuromyelitis optica
Authors: Shimizu Fumitaka , Takeshita Yukio , Hamamoto Yuka , Nishihara Hideaki , Sano Yasuteru , Honda Masaya , Sato Ryota , Maeda Toshihiko , Takahashi Toshiyuki , Fujikawa Susumu , Kanda Takashi
Published: October 2019

Background

We previously reported the association between blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and glucose‐regulated protein 78 (GRP 78) autoantibodies in neuromyelitis optica (NMO).

Objective

We clarify whether the BBB‐endothelial cell activation induced by immunoglobulin G (IgG) is associated with the clinical phenotype, disease activity, and markers of BBB disruption.

Methods

We purified serum IgG from 24 serum samples from patients with NMO spectrum disorder (NMOSD), who were positive for anti‐AQP4 antibodies (longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis [LETM], n = 14; optic neuritis [ON], n = 6; other phenotype, n = 4) and nine healthy controls. IgG was exposed to human brain microvascular endothelial cells (TY10) and the number of nuclear NF‐κB p65‐positive cells, as a marker of endothelial cell activation, was analyzed using a high‐content imaging system. Change in BBB permeability was also measured. The presence of GRP78 autoantibodies was detected by Western blotting.

Results

In the LETM group, IgG significantly induced the nuclear translocation of NF‐κB p65 in comparison to the ON and healthy control groups. A significant correlation was observed between the number of NF‐κB nuclear‐positive cells and clinical markers of BBB disruption, including Gd enhancement in spinal MRI and the cerebrospinal fluid/serum albumin ratio. This effect was significantly reduced at the remission phase in the individual NMOSD patients. Furthermore, GRP78 antibody positivity was associated with the LETM phenotype and disease severity in NMOSD patients.

Conclusion

Endothelial cell activation was associated with the LETM phenotype, clinical markers of BBB disruption and disease activity. These observations may explain the phenotypic differences between the NMOSD subtypes, LETM, and isolated ON.
Carbonate Apatite Micro‐Honeycombed Blocks Generate Bone Marrow‐Like Tissues as well as Bone
Authors: Hayashi Koichiro , Kishida Ryo , Tsuchiya Akira , Ishikawa Kunio
Published: October 2019

Hematopoietic stem cells form blood cells in bone marrow and reside in niches. Artificial environments that conserve these niches may generate bone marrow. Osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and material resorption must be regulated to create these environments. These processes are controlled by material composition and macro‐ and microporous structures. Here, three blocks with different micropore structures are fabricated. Carbonate apatite has nearly the same composition as natural human bone and their honeycomb structure facilitates cell penetration and survival. In samples with high microporosity, endosteum‐like tissues such as sinusoids form in areas of material resorption and high local calcium concentration. These conditions resemble environments conducive to niche maintenance. Bone marrow–like tissues and megakaryocytes are successfully generated in this environment. Micropore structure is the most critical factor in bone marrow formation; however, the influences of material composition and macropore structure must also be considered. The results of this study may help develop treatments for bone marrow–related diseases and elucidate the components and functions of the hematopoietic stem cell niche.
Targeted Synergy between Adjacent Co Atoms on Graphene Oxide as an Efficient New Electrocatalyst for Li–CO2 Batteries
Authors: Zhang Bin‐Wei , Jiao Yan , Chao Dong‐Liang , Ye Chao , Wang Yun‐Xiao , Davey Kenneth , Liu Hua‐Kun , Dou Shi‐Xue , Qiao Shi‐Zhang
Published: October 2019

Li–CO2 batteries are an attractive technology for converting CO2 into energy. However, the decomposition of insulating Li2CO3 on the cathode during discharge is a barrier to practical application. Here, it is demonstrated that a high loading of single Co atoms (≈5.3%) anchored on graphene oxide (adjacent Co/GO) acts as an efficient and durable electrocatalyst for Li–CO2 batteries. This targeted dispersion of atomic Co provides catalytically adjacent active sites to decompose Li2CO3. The adjacent Co/GO exhibits a highly significant sustained discharge capacity of 17 358 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 for >100 cycles. Density functional theory simulations confirm that the adjacent Co electrocatalyst possesses the best performance toward the decomposition of Li2CO3 and maintains metallic‐like nature after the adsorption of Li2CO3.
Dual‐Phase All‐Inorganic Cesium Halide Perovskites for Conducting‐Bridge Memory‐Based Artificial Synapses
Authors: Kim Sun Gil , Van Le Quyet , Han Ji Su , Kim Hyojung , Choi Min‐Ju , Lee Sol A , Kim Taemin Ludvic , Kim Sang Bum , Kim Soo Young , Jang Ho Won
Published: October 2019

Neuromorphic computing, which mimics biological neural networks, can overcome the high‐power and large‐throughput problems of current von Neumann computing. Two‐terminal memristors are regarded as promising candidates for artificial synapses, which are the fundamental functional units of neuromorphic computing systems. All‐inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite‐based memristors are feasible to use in resistive switching memory and artificial synapses due to their fast ion migration. However, the ideal perovskite phase α‐CsPbI3 is structurally unstable at ambient temperature and rapidly degrades to a non‐perovskite δ‐CsPbI3 phase. Here, dual‐phase (Cs3Bi2I9)0.4−(CsPbI3)0.6 is successfully fabricated to achieve improved air stability and surface morphology compared to each single phase. Notably, the Ag/polymethylmethacrylate/(Cs3Bi2I9)0.4−(CsPbI3)0.6/Pt device exhibits non‐volatile memory functions with an endurance of ≈103 cycles and retention of ≈104 s with low operation voltages. Moreover, the device successfully emulates synaptic behavior such as long‐term potentiation/depression and spike timing/width‐dependent plasticity. This study will contribute to improving the structural and mechanical stability of all‐inorganic halide perovskites (IHPs) via the formation of dual phase. In addition, it proves the great potential of IHPs for use in low‐power non‐volatile memory devices and electronic synapses.
Photonic Metamaterial Absorbers: Morphology Engineering and Interdisciplinary Applications
Authors: Feng Lei , Huo Pengcheng , Liang Yuzhang , Xu Ting
Published: October 2019

Recent advances in nanofabrication technologies have spurred many breakthroughs in the field of photonic metamaterials that provide efficient ways of manipulating light–matter interaction at subwavelength scales. As one of the most important applications, photonic metamaterials can be used to implement novel optical absorbers. First the morphology engineering of various photonic metamaterial absorbers is discussed, which is highly associated with impendence matching conditions and resonance modes of the absorbers, thus directly determines their absorption efficiency, operational bandwidth, incident angle, and polarization dependence. Then, the recent achievements of various interdisciplinary applications based on photonic metamaterial absorbers, including structural color generation, ultrasensitive optical sensing, solar steam generation, and highly responsive photodetection, are reviewed. This report is expected to provide an overview and vision for the future development of photonic metamaterial absorbers and their applications in novel nanophotonic systems.
Remedies for Polysulfide Dissolution in Room‐Temperature Sodium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Yun‐Xiao , Lai Wei‐Hong , Chou Shu‐Lei , Liu Hua‐Kun , Dou Shi‐Xue
Published: October 2019

Rechargeable room‐temperature sodium–sulfur (RT‐NaS) batteries represent one of the most attractive technologies for future stationary energy storage due to their high energy density and low cost. The S cathodes can react with Na ions via two‐electron conversion reactions, thus achieving ultrahigh theoretical capacity (1672 mAh g−1) and specific energy (1273 Wh kg−1). Unfortunately, the sluggish reaction kinetics of the nonconductive S, severe polysulfide dissolution, and the use of metallic Na are causing enormous challenges for the development of RT‐NaS batteries. Fatal polysulfide dissolution is highlighted, important studies toward polysulfide immobilization and conversion are presented, and the reported remedies in terms of intact physical confinement, strong chemical interaction, blocking layers, and optimization of electrolytes are summarized. Future research directions toward practical RT‐NaS batteries are summarized.
Incorporating Niobium in MoS2 at BEOL‐Compatible Temperatures and its Impact on Copper Diffusion Barrier Performance
Authors: Zhao Rui , Lo Chun‐Li , Zhang Fu , Ghosh Ram Krishna , Knobloch Theresia , Terrones Mauricio , Chen Zhihong , Robinson Joshua
Published: October 2019

The continuous scaling of transistors has led to unprecedented challenges for interconnect technologies. Conventional barriers fail when thinned below 4 nm; therefore, novel materials and back‐end‐of‐line (BEOL) compatible synthesis are urgently needed. 2D transition metal dichalcogenides present a unique opportunity for addressing the scaling of interconnects. Here, nanometer thick Nb‐incorporated MoS2 is successfully synthesized at BEOL compatible temperatures and their abilities of blocking Cu atom diffusion are investigated. Nb incorporation of MoS2 is systematically studied at 450 °C and its growth dynamics is compared with those carried out at high temperatures. The addition of a few percent Nb in MoS2 enhances breakdown time by more than 100×, reaching a failure time >12 500 s under the electric field of 7 MV cm−1. These results suggest that integration of Nb‐incorporated MoS2 in electronic technologies is a promising route for the sub‐5 nm technology node.
Visible to Near‐Infrared Persistent Luminescence and Mechanoluminescence from Pr3+‐Doped LiGa5O8 for Energy Storage and Bioimaging
Authors: Xiong Puxian , Peng Mingying , Qin Kexin , Xu Feifei , Xu Xingyi
Published: October 2019

Here, a novel multifunctional phosphor of Li1−xGa5O8:xPr3+ is reported. The crystal structure, mechanoluminescence (ML), persistent luminescence (PersL), photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) are systematically studied. LiGa5O8 emits blue PersL peaked at 437 nm after irradiation by a 254 nm lamp for 10 s, and corresponding PersL can be observed for 30 min by naked eyes. In the same case, the PersL from Li0.995Ga5O8:0.005Pr3+ covers visible to near‐infrared lights (400–1000 nm) which can persist for 120 min. Thermoluminescence analysis shows Pr3+ doping not only increases the shallower trap (0.73 eV) concentration by at least 20 times but also helps the formation of deeper trap centers (0.87 eV). The differences between ML and PersL spectra reveal the selective effects of mechanical stimuli on the transitions of Pr3+ ions. In the end, the fabrication of an intelligent PersL quick response code (QR‐code) permits optical information write‐in after irradiation by a 254 nm lamp and then cryptical information of “SCUT” can be read out by thermal stimulation which shows the potential in information storage. Moreover, the biological tissues penetration experiments and cytotoxicity tests are carried out to display the potential of PersL in bioimaging.
Understanding Interfacial Mechanics and Mechanisms of Exfoliation and Stabilization of Graphene Using Urea/Glycerol Solvents
Authors: Li Bei , Hong Shibo , Zhang Xu , Xiong Chuanxi , Zhao Guanghui , Yang Quanling , Liu Hanxing
Published: October 2019

Knowledge of interfacial mechanics and mechanisms of liquid exfoliation and stabilization of graphene in green solvents is vitally important in advancing preparation and characterization of graphene‐based materials. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate exfoliation and stabilization of graphene from graphite with the assistance of urea and glycerol hybrid solvents. It is shown that the parallel exfoliation of graphene requires far less external forces as compared with the perpendicular exfoliation. Among different mediums, the 1:2 molar ratio of urea to glycerol solution presents the smallest or even negligible resistive force in both directions due to the less compressed steric hindrance to graphene exfoliation and the optimal hydrogen bonds formed between the binary solvents. During the dispersion process, the urea molecules first wedge into the graphene interlayer and then facilitate the glycerol to diffuse around or inside of the interstice due to hydrogen bonding. The confined solvents form stable layered structure to solvate and stabilize the exfoliated graphene. This work is believed to provide atomic scale understanding of interfacial mechanics and mechanisms of liquid‐phase exfoliation and dispersion of graphene and other 2D materials in low‐cost and environmental‐friendly hybrid solvents.
Efficiency above 12% for 1 cm2 Flexible Organic Solar Cells with Ag/Cu Grid Transparent Conducting Electrode
Authors: Han Yunfei , Chen Xiaolian , Wei Junfeng , Ji Guoqi , Wang Chen , Zhao Wenchao , Lai Junqi , Zha Wusong , Li Zerui , Yan Lingpeng , Gu Huiming , Luo Qun , Chen Qi , Chen Liwei , Hou Jianhui , Su Wenming , Ma Chang‐Qi
Published: October 2019

With the rapid progress of organic solar cells (OSCs), improvement in the efficiency of large‐area flexible OSCs (>1 cm2) is crucial for real applications. However, the development of the large‐area flexible OSCs severely lags behind the growth of the small‐area OSCs, with the electrical loss due to the large sheet resistance of the electrode being a main reason. Herein, a high conductive and high transparent Ag/Cu composite grid with sheet resistance <1 Ω sq−1 and an average visible light transparency of 84% is produced as the transparent conducting electrode of flexible OSCs. Based on this Ag/Cu composite grid electrode, a high efficiency of 12.26% for 1 cm2 flexible OSCs is achieved. The performances of large‐area flexible OSCs also reach 7.79% (4 cm2) and 7.35% (9 cm2), respectively, which are much higher than those of the control devices with conventional flexible indium tin oxide electrodes. Surface planarization using highly conductive PEDOT:PSS and modification of the ZnO buffer layer by zirconium acetylacetonate (ZrAcac) are two necessary steps to achieve high performance. The flexible OSCs employing Ag/Cu grid have excellent mechanical bending resistance, maintaining high performance after bending at a radius of 2 mm.
Scalable and Isotropic Expansion of Tissues with Simply Tunable Expansion Ratio
Authors: Park Han‐Eol , Choi Dongkil , Park Ji Su , Sim Changgon , Park Sohyun , Kang Sunah , Yim Hyunsoo , Lee Myungsun , Kim Jaeyoun , Pac Jinyoung , Rhee Kunsoo , Lee Junho , Lee Yunjong , Lee Yan , Kim Sung‐Yon
Published: October 2019

Tissue expansion techniques physically expand swellable gel‐embedded biological specimens to overcome the resolution limit of light microscopy. As the benefits of expansion come at the expense of signal concentration, imaging volume and time, and mechanical integrity of the sample, the optimal expansion ratio may widely differ depending on the experiment. However, existing expansion methods offer only fixed expansion ratios that cannot be easily adjusted to balance the gain and loss associated with expansion. Here, a hydrogel conversion‐based expansion method is presented, that enables easy adjustment of the expansion ratio for individual needs, simply by changing the duration of a heating step. This method, termed ZOOM, isotropically expands samples up to eightfold in a single expansion process. ZOOM preserves biomolecules for post‐processing labelings and supports multi‐round expansion for the imaging of a single sample at multiple zoom factors. ZOOM can be flexibly and scalably applied to nanoscale imaging of diverse samples, ranging from cultured cells to thick tissues, as well as bacteria, exoskeletal Caenorhabditis elegans, and human brain samples.
Uncovering Structural Opportunities for Zirconium Metal–Organic Frameworks via Linker Desymmetrization
Authors: Wang Yutong , Feng Liang , Zhang Kai , Wang Kun‐Yu , Fan Weidong , Wang Xiaokang , Guo Bingbing , Dai Fangna , Zhang Liangliang , Sun Daofeng , Zhou Hong‐Cai
Published: October 2019

The discovery of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) mimicking inorganic minerals with intricate topologies requires elaborate linker design guidelines. Herein, the concept of linker desymmetrization into the design of tetratopic linker based Zr‐MOFs is applied. A series of bent tetratopic linkers with various substituents are utilized to construct Zr‐MOFs with distinct cluster connectivities and topologies. For example, the assembly between a bent linker L‐SO2 with C2v symmetry and an 8‐connected Zr6 cluster leads to the formation of an scu topology, while another flu topology can be obtained by the combination of a novel 8‐connected Zr6 cluster and a bent linker L‐O with C1 symmetry. Further utilization of restricted bent linker [(L‐(CH3)6)] gives rise to a fascinating (4, 6)‐c cor net, originated from the corundum lattice, with an unprecedented 6‐c Zr6 cluster. In addition, the removal of toxic selenite ions in aqueous solution is performed by PCN‐903‐(CH3)6 which exhibits rapid and efficient detoxification. This work uncovers new structural opportunities for Zr‐MOFs via linker desymmetrization and provides novel design strategies for the discovery of sophisticated topologies for practical applications.
Low Detection Limit and High Sensitivity Wind Speed Sensor Based on Triboelectrification‐Induced Electroluminescence
Authors: Su Li , Wang Hailu , Tian Zhen , Wang Haojie , Cheng Qian , Yu Wei
Published: October 2019

The rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) has tremendously increased the demands for wind speed sensors in various applications, such as weather forecasting and environmental monitoring. To date, many wind speed sensors are developed based on triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). However, the low output current leads to a poor sensing precision, which greatly limits their practical applications. Here, a wind speed sensor is proposed by integrating a wind‐driven triboelectrification‐induced electroluminescence (TIEL) component with a perovskite‐based photodetector (PD) for enlarged electric current output. Compared with mechanoluminescence (ML), TIEL displays significantly higher signal intensity even under gentle breezes. In addition, the emission peak of TIEL matches with the absorption band of perovskite materials. Thus, TIEL materials are promising candidates for generating distinct electrical signals in real‐time to facilitate the detection of wind speed. With a comparable detection limit (5 m s−1) to a conventional TENG‐based wind speed sensor, the sensitivity of this hybrid sensor is three magnitudes higher at low bias voltages and, the response time is extremely short (<0.3 s). Moreover, it shows a favorable correlation with a commercial sensor. This research provides important progress toward environmentally‐friendly light sources and TIEL‐related sensor systems.