bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping and impact assessment of phenomenon-oriented research fields: The example of migration research
Authors: Rothenberger Liane , Pasta Muhammad Qasim , Mayerhoffer Daniel
Published: November 2021

Research that is not explicitly bound to a distinct discipline has not yet gained much acknowledgment with regard to research impact assessment and mapping of the respective research field. In this article, we provide a suggestion for new impact metrics taking the example of migration research as a phenomenon-oriented research field. Therewith, research merit is made comparable and is calculated irrespective of discipline. We show how the field of migration studies evolved, apply our new metrics and give insight into impact factors, numbers of citations of articles, and authors, as well as journals. Further, we present a field-related collaboration network that indicates a rather disconnected community. However, collaborations between researchers are on the rise. In our conclusion, we argue that there is a need for further assessment of research impact within other phenomenon-oriented research fields.
Covid-on-the-Web: Exploring the COVID-19 scientific literature through visualization of linked data from entity and argument mining
Authors: Menin Aline , Michel Franck , Gandon Fabien , Gazzotti Raphaël , Cabrio Elena , Corby Olivier , Giboin Alain , Marro Santiago , Mayer Tobias , Villata Serena , Winckler Marco
Published: November 2021

The unprecedented mobilization of scientists caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has generated an enormous number of scholarly articles that are impossible for a human being to keep track of and explore without appropriate tool support. In this context, we created the Covid-on-the-Web project, which aims to assist the accessing, querying, and sense-making of COVID-19-related literature by combining efforts from the semantic web, natural language processing, and visualization fields. In particular, in this paper we present an RDF data set (a linked version of the “COVID-19 Open Research Dataset” (CORD-19), enriched via entity linking and argument mining) and the “Linked Data Visualizer” (LDViz), which assists the querying and visual exploration of the referred data set. The LDViz tool assists in the exploration of different views of the data by combining a querying management interface, which enables the definition of meaningful subsets of data through SPARQL queries, and a visualization interface based on a set of six visualization techniques integrated in a chained visualization concept, which also supports the tracking of provenance information. We demonstrate the potential of our approach to assist biomedical researchers in solving domain-related tasks, as well as to perform exploratory analyses through use case scenarios.
West German Rearmament Protests and the Reframing of Germany as Pacifist
Authors: Whitworth William
Published: November 2021

This paper tracks the reactions of British and U.S. officials to a wave of anti-rearmament protests in West Germany in the early 1950s. The conversations that these protests encouraged were significant in that they represented the beginning of a gradual change in the reputation of the German people – whereas in 1945 the Germans were widely considered a militaristic and aggressive people, by the end of the Cold War they were seen as largely pacifist. This change speaks to the power of social movements to drive new trends in international relations.
Flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) of Kalamaili Mountain Ungulate Nature Reserve (China: Xinjiang): checklist and description of four new species
Authors: ZHANG MING , XU WEN-TIAN , PAPE THOMAS , PEI WEN-YA , ZHANG DONG
Published: November 2021

A checklist of the flesh flies occurring in Kalamaili Mountain Ungulate Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, NW China, is presented, based on material collected from 2009 to 2017. The checklist includes 18 genera and 46 species, 12 of which are new records for China. Four new species are described: Asiosarcophila kashanensis sp. nov., Miltogramma szpilai sp. nov., Sphecapatodes superciliosa sp. nov., and Sphecapatodes xinjiangensis sp. nov. Extensive documentation of the male and female habitus, details of the head, and the specialised setae of the male fore tarsus is given for all species where relevant, except for those already well illustrated in other publications. The male terminalia of almost all species of Paramacronychiinae and Sarcophaginae recorded from Kalamaili are illustrated with focus-stacked photographs.
Contribution to the knowledge of Carabidae in Iran with the descriptions of five new taxa, proposing of four synonyms and providing of nine new records (Insecta: Coleoptera)
Authors: MUILWIJK JAN , SEIEDY MARJAN , WRASE DAVID W.
Published: November 2021

A contribution to the knowledge of the ground beetles in Iran is given. The ground beetle diversity in Iran is rich, with 1135 known species and subspecies in total so far, and 20% percent of them are endemic. However, the Iranian fauna is still not well known. In this paper, five new taxa of ground beetles are described: Leistus (Pogonophorus) spinibarbis zagrosensis ssp. n., Trechus kouroshi sp. n., Atranus dariushi sp. n. from Zagros, and Philorhizus flavocorpus sp. n. and Philorhizus kermanus sp. n. from Kerman; four new synonyms are established: Poecilus (Ancholeus) aeneolus (Chaudoir, 1868) syn. n. and Poecilus (Ancholeus) hafezi (Morvan, 1975) syn. n. = Poecilus (Ancholeus) puncticollis (Dejean, 1828); Poecilus (Ancholeus) iranicus (Morvan, 1974) syn. n. = Poecilus (Derus) advena (Quensel, 1806), and Olegius turkmenicus Komarov, 1996 syn. n. = Pogonopsis pallida Bedel, 1898; and the first records of nine species for Iran are provided: Porotachys ottomanus ssp. ottomanus Schweiger, 1968, Tachyura (Tachyura) shahinei (Schatzmayr & Koch, 1934), Tachyura (Tachyura) conspicua (Schaum, 1863), Polyderis algiricus (Lucas, 1846), Polyderis impressipennis (Motschulsky, 1860), Pogonopsis pallida Bedel, 1898, Chlaenius (Trichochlaenius) albissoni Reitter, 1908, Philorhizus crucifer ssp. crucifer (Lucas, 1846), and Demetrias monostigma Samouelle, 1819.
Interdecadal Changes in the Relationship between Wintertime Surface Air Temperature over the Indo-China Peninsula and ENSO
Authors: Li Juncong , Wen Zhiping , Li Xiuzhen , Guo Yuanyuan
Published: November 2021

Interdecadal variations of the relationship between El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indo-China Peninsula (ICP) surface air temperature (SAT) in winter are investigated in the study. Generally, there exists a positive correlation between them during 1958–2015 because the ENSO-induced anomalous western North Pacific anticyclone (WNPAC) is conducive to pronounced temperature advection anomalies over the ICP. However, such correlation is unstable in time, having experienced a high-to-low transition around the mid-1970s and a recovery since the early 1990s. This oscillating relationship is owing to the anomalous WNPAC intensity in different decades. During the epoch of high correlation, the anomalous WNPAC and associated southwesterly winds over the ICP are stronger, which brings amounts of warm temperature advection and markedly heats the ICP. In contrast, a weaker WNPAC anomaly and insignificant ICP SAT anomalies are the circumstances for the epoch of low correlation. It is also found that substantial southwesterly wind anomalies over the ICP related to the anomalous WNPAC occur only when large sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the northwest Indian Ocean (NWIO) coincide with ENSO (viz., when the ENSO–NWIO SST connection is strong). The NWIO SST anomalies are capable of driving favorable atmospheric circulation that effectively alters ICP SAT and efficiently modulates the ENSO–ICP SAT correlation, which is further supported by numerical simulations utilizing the Community Atmospheric Model, version 4 (CAM4). This paper emphasizes the non-stationarity of the ENSO–ICP SAT relationship and also uncovers the underlying modulation factors, which has important implications for the seasonal prediction of the ICP temperature.
From Crisis to Progress: Housing and Latino Youth since 2000
Authors: Rugh Jacob S.
Published: November 2021

Latino youth housing conditions have transformed dramatically over the past 20 years. Rates of household crowding have plummeted, nearly all Latino children are U.S.-born citizens, and broadband Internet access is widespread. However, Latino youth remain disadvantaged and their housing conditions remain understudied as they come of age in an era of housing crises, from foreclosures, evictions, to the novel coronavirus pandemic. This article examines Latino youth housing conditions since 2000, including crowding and mixed-nativity/status households. Multivariate analyses of national data show that eviction, foreclosure, and a representative zip code sample of COVID-19 case rates are strongly linked to the housing conditions of Latino youth. The article illustrates these links by analyzing and mapping eviction rates, foreclosure rates, and zip code coronavirus cases in the census tracts of Maricopa County, Arizona. The results underscore the urgent need for policies that invest in housing Latino youth to ensure that progress of the last 20 years is lasting.
Equitable Access to High-Quality Early Care and Education: Opportunities to Better Serve Young Hispanic Children and Their Families
Authors: Mendez Smith Julia , Crosby Danielle , Stephens Christina
Published: November 2021

Significant investments in public early childhood care and education (ECE) have yielded higher Hispanic enrollment in preschool-age programs, but progress has been uneven and inconsistent, especially for the youngest Hispanic children and low-income families. We review how ECE has contributed to Hispanic children’s development, offering a detailed review of Hispanic children’s participation in ECE, including evidence of effectiveness from ECE programs such as Early Head Start and Head Start, and state pre-K programs. We conclude with a discussion of why Hispanic children remain underserved by ECE and what policy changes could increase participation in these programs among Hispanics. We argue for expansion of established high-quality ECE into Hispanic-dense communities, for strategies that enroll and retain Latino children in ECE in ways that are family-centered and culturally responsive, and that ECE must adapt to better serve Hispanic families and dual language learners who require culturally appropriate pedagogy.
Understanding the Influence of Latino Diversity over Child Poverty in the United States
Authors: Guzman Lina , Thomson Dana , Ryberg Renee
Published: November 2021

The U.S. Latino population is diverse in terms of countries of heritage, citizenship status, languages spoken, generational status, and geographic settlement patterns. The likelihood of Latino children living in poverty is often associated with these features of Latino diversity; we challenge that view with analyses showing that the underlying economic conditions of families across demographic groups explain much of the likelihood that a child will experience poverty. We use data from the American Community Survey to examine the extent to which the associations between features of diversity and poverty are explained by differences in socioeconomic characteristics. We find that the relationship between parental heritage and child poverty is largely explained by socioeconomic characteristics. Parental citizenship and English language proficiency, while partly attenuated by socioeconomic characteristics, also have direct effects on the likelihood of a child living in poverty, suggesting that programs and policies may need to be tailored to support the economic well-being of these particularly vulnerable subgroups.
The Health of Hispanic Children from Birth to Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Perreira Krista M. , Allen Chenoa D.
Published: November 2021

This article summarizes frameworks for understanding Hispanic children’s health, sources of national data available to evaluate their health, and variations in health among Hispanic children. Following ecological and life-course perspectives, we organize our review of the literature on Hispanic children’s health and development according to three key stages of child development (zero to three, early to middle childhood, and adolescence to emerging adulthood) with attention to how each stage influences the next. Within each stage, we consider how social position (i.e., skin color, social class, gender, and nativity), social contexts (i.e., family, school, and neighborhood), and political and legal contexts influence Hispanic children’s health and development. We argue that to improve the health and development of Hispanic children, federal, state, and local policies must address social and economic injustices that lead to declines in health across immigrant generations and persistent racial/ethnic health disparities.
Parenting Contributions to Latinx Children’s Development in the Early Years
Authors: Cabrera Natasha J. , Alonso Angelica , Chen Yu
Published: November 2021

Despite comparatively high levels of poverty, Latinx parents, on average, provide their children with early home experiences that promote development at rates that at least equal that of other demographic groups. From a strength-based perspective, we describe the demographic heterogeneity among Latinx children during early childhood (zero to eight years), given that these years are critical for later development. We then discuss the individual- and family-level factors that promote positive outcomes in Latinx children despite the presence of economic and social stressors. We synthesize these findings to generate policy recommendations that support Latinx families and children by addressing their specific needs and building on the strengths they already possess.
Access to Health Insurance and Health Care for Hispanic Children in the United States
Authors: Perreira Krista M. , Allen Chenoa D. , Oberlander Jonathan
Published: November 2021

Health insurance gives families access to medical services and protects them against the costs of illness and medical treatment. Insured children are more likely than their uninsured peers to use medical services, preventive health services, have a usual source of care, and have fewer unmet medical needs. In this article, we review trends in health insurance coverage for Hispanic children and the factors that influence their coverage. We then discuss health care utilization among Hispanic children and barriers to health care utilization. We conclude with a discussion of strategies to improve Hispanic children’s health care access in the age of COVID-19.
The Role of the US Trauma Centers in Older Adult Fall Prevention: A National Survey
Authors: Allee Lisa , Faul Mark , Guntipalli Prathima , Burke Peter A. , Rao Sowmya R. , Reed Donald N. , Gross Ronald , Duncan Thomas K. , Palmieri Tina L. , Cooper Zara , Bulger Eileen M. , Stewart Ronald M. , Kuhls Deborah A.
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Approximately 27.5% of adults 65 and older fall each year, over 3 million are treated in an emergency department, and 32 000 die. The American College of Surgeons and its Committee on Trauma (ACSCOT) have urged trauma centers (TCs) to screen for fall risk, but information on the role of TC in this opportunity for prevention is largely unknown.

Methods

A 29-item survey was developed by an ACSCOT Injury Prevention and Control Committee, Older Adult Falls workgroup, and emailed to 1000 trauma directors of the National Trauma Data Bank using Qualtrics. US TCs were surveyed regarding fall prevention, screening, intervention, and hospital discharge practices. Data collected and analyzed included respondent’s role, location, population density, state designation or American College of Surgeons (ACS) level, if teaching facility, and patient population.

Results

Of the 266 (27%) respondents, 71% of TCs include fall prevention as part of their mission, but only 16% of TCs use fall risk screening tools. There was no significant difference between geographic location or ACS level. The number of prevention resources (F = 31.58, P < .0001) followed by the presence of a formal screening tool (F = 21.47, P < .0001) best predicted the presence of a fall prevention program.

Conclusion

Older adult falls remain a major injury risk and injury prevention opportunity. The majority of TCs surveyed include prevention of older adult falls as part of their mission, but few incorporate the components of a fall prevention program. Development of best practices and requiring TCs to screen and offer interventions may prevent falls.
Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic Restructuring on Surgical Volume and Outcomes of Non-COVID Patients Undergoing Surgery
Authors: Shao Connie C. , McLeod M Chandler , Gleason Lauren , Marques Isabel C. Dos Santos , Chu Daniel I. , Gunnells Drew
Published: November 2021

Objectives

COVID-19 has caused significant surgical delays as institutions minimize patient exposure to hospital settings and utilization of health care resources. We aimed to assess changes in surgical case mix and outcomes due to restructuring during the pandemic.

Methods

Patients undergoing surgery at a single tertiary care institution in the Deep South were identified using institutional ACS-NSQIP data. Primary outcome was case mix. Secondary outcomes were post-operative complications. Chi-square, ANOVA, logistic regression, and linear regression were used to compare the control (pre-COVID, Mar 2018-Mar 2020) and case (during COVID, Mar 2020-Mar 2021) groups.

Results

Overall, there were 6912 patients (control: 4,800 and case: 2112). Patients were 70% white, 29% black, 60% female, and 39% privately insured. Mean BMI was 30.2 (SD = 7.7) with mean age of 58.3 years (SD = 14.8). Most surgeries were with general surgery (48%), inpatient (68%), and elective (83%). On multivariable logistic regression, patients undergoing surgery during the pandemic were more likely to be male (OR: 1.14) and in SIRS (OR: 2.07) or sepsis (OR: 2.28) at the time of surgery. Patients were less likely to have dyspnea with moderate exertion (OR: .75) and were less dependent on others (partially dependent OR: .49 and totally dependent OR: .15). Surgeries were more likely to be outpatient (OR: 1.15) and with neurosurgery (OR: 1.19). On bivariate analysis, there were no differences in post-operative outcomes.

Conclusion

Surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic were more often outpatient without differences in post-operative outcomes. Additional analysis is needed to determine the impact of duration of operative delay on surgical outcomes with restructuring focusing more on outpatient surgeries.
Indications and Recommendations for Tracheostomy in Trauma Population With COVID-19 Infection: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Barbera-Mirza Jacqueline , Chan Kelvin , Newsome Kevin , McKenny Mark , Elkbuli Adel
Published: November 2021

This review explores the current body of evidence pertaining to tracheostomy placement in COVID-19 seropositive patients and summarizes the research by tracheostomy indications, timing, and procedure. Literature review was performed in accordance with the 2020 PRISMA guidelines and includes 12 papers discussing protocols for adult patients seropositive for COVID-19. The studies demonstrated high mortality rates after tracheostomy, especially in geriatric patients, and suggested a multifactorial determination of whether to perform a tracheostomy. There was inconclusive data regarding wait time between testing seropositive, tracheostomy, and weaning off of ventilation. COVID-19 generally reaches highest infectivity between days 9 and 10; furthermore, high early mortality rates seen in COVID-19 may confound mortality implicated by tracheostomy placement. Due to the aerosol-generating nature of tracheostomy placement, management and maintenance, techniques, equipment, and personnel should be carefully considered and altered for COVID-19 patients. With surgical tracheostomy, literature suggested decreased usage of electrocautery; with percutaneous tracheostomy, single-use bronchoscope should be used. The nonemergent exchange of tracheostomy should be done only after the patient tested negative for COVID-19. Placement of tracheostomy should only be considered in COVID-19 patients who are no longer transmissible, with rigorous attention to safety precautions. Understanding procedures for airway maintenance in a respiratory disease like COVID-19 is imperative, especially due to current shortages in ventilators and PPE. However, because of a lack of available data and its likelihood of change as more data emerges, we lack complete guidelines for tracheostomy placement in COVID-19 seropositive patients, and those existing will likely evolve with the disease.
Correlating Toe-Brachial Indices and Angiographically Confirmed Peripheral Artery Disease: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Baloch Zulfiqar Qutrio , Abbas Shabber Agha , Prasad Rohan , Raza Syed Ali , Al-Abcha Abdullah , Marone Luke , Ali Abbas
Published: November 2021

In advanced peripheral arterial disease (PAD), medial arterial calcification is known to inflate the ankle-brachial index. An alternative method of evaluating symptomatic patients is toe-brachial indexes (TBI), where a ratio less than .7 indicates PAD and less than .4 indicates a severe form. The objective of this retrospective analysis was to investigate the association between TBIs less than .7 and angiographically verified PAD. Patients were required to have either a leg angiogram 13 months prior to or 12 months after a 6-minute walk test. Of the 174 included patients, the mean overall TBI was .450. The mean TBI by location was highest at iliac and infra-geniculate with .544 and lowest at supra-geniculate with .372. Infra-geniculate lesions were also the most frequent ( n = 46). A TBI less than .4 was found in 47.7% of patients. TBIs greater than .7 were present in 36 patients; however, only 16 had significant angiographic stenosis. In conclusion, the majority of patients with angiographic PAD had a TBI less than .7, especially less than .4. Contrary to suspicion, infra-geniculate lesions were the most common and had the highest TBI.
The case for a sub-element ‘measuring matter’ within the Australian national numeracy learning progression
Authors: McMaster Heather J , Preston Christine , Wang Hailan , Perivolarellis Mersini
Published: November 2021

Australia has a National Numeracy Learning Progression (NNLP) that is strongly aligned with the Australian Curriculum: Mathematics. This article examines how a sub-element within this progression could be impacting students’ learning of Science. This sub-element is firmly based on Mathematics education research as to how students build their understanding of geometric measurement (the structure of length, area and volume). Mathematics educators subsequently researched children’s measurement of mass and included it within the same sub-element of the NNLP. The contexts in which mass and volume are measured in Mathematics are different to those used in teaching Science. This article presents two studies that used variation theory and task-based interviews of children in Years 5 and 6, to explore their thinking about mass and volume in a Science context. The findings suggest that mathematical constructs in geometric measurement could be constraining the development of scientific ideas about matter. This research has implications for furthering the development of the NNLP to encompass scientific aspects of measuring matter.
Collective Psychological Ownership and Territorial Compensation in Australia and South Africa
Authors: Nooitgedagt Wybren , Martinović Borja , Verkuyten Maykel , Maseko Sibusiso
Published: November 2021

Collective psychological ownership as a sense that a territory belongs to a group might explain attitudes of the White majority toward territorial compensation for Indigenous Peoples in settler societies. Ownership can be inferred from different general principles and we considered three key principles: autochthony (entitlements from first arrival), investment (entitlements from working the land), and formation (primacy of the territory in forming the collective identity). In two studies, among White Australians (Study 1, N = 475), and White South Africans (Study 2, N = 879), we investigated how support for these general principles was related to perceived ingroup (Anglo-Celtic/White South African) and outgroup (Indigenous Australian/Black South African) territorial ownership, and indirectly, to attitudes toward territorial compensation for the Indigenous outgroup. Endorsement of autochthony was related to stronger support for territorial compensation through higher perceived outgroup ownership, whereas investment was related to lower support through higher perceived ingroup ownership. Agreement with the formation principle was related to stronger support for compensation through higher outgroup ownership, and simultaneously to lower support through higher ingroup ownership.
Role of Primary Cilia in Bone and Cartilage
Authors: Chinipardaz Z. , Liu M. , Graves D.T. , Yang S.
Published: November 2021

The primary cilium is a nonmotile microtubule-based organelle in most vertebrate cell types. The primary cilium plays a critical role in tissue development and homeostasis by sensing and transducing various signaling pathways. Ciliary proteins such as intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins as well as ciliary motor proteins, kinesin and dynein, comprise a bidirectional intraflagellar transport system needed for cilia formation and function. Mutations in ciliary proteins that lead to loss or dysfunction of primary cilia cause ciliopathies such as Jeune syndrome and Ellis–van Creveld syndrome and cause abnormalities in tooth development. These diseases exhibit severe skeletal and craniofacial dysplasia, highlighting the significance of primary cilia in skeletal development. Cilia are necessary for the propagation of hedgehog, transforming growth factor β, platelet-derived growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor signaling during osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. Ablation of ciliary proteins such as IFT80 or IFT20 blocks cilia formation, which inhibits osteoblast differentiation, osteoblast polarity, and alignment and reduces bone formation. Similarly, cilia facilitate chondrocyte differentiation and production of a cartilage matrix. Cilia also play a key role in mechanosensing and are needed for increased bone formation in response to mechanical forces.
Immigration, Sanctuary Policies, and Public Safety
Authors: Amuedo-Dorantes Catalina , Puttitanun Thitima , Lopez Mary
Published: November 2021

US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detainers—the requests from ICE to a state or local law enforcement agency to hold someone until the person can be taken into immigration custody—have been instrumental in supporting the growing number of deportations from the United States. However, as migrant detentions expanded after 9/11, law enforcement agencies have been increasingly reluctant to comply with ICE's detainers, due to the cost incurred by detention centers when holding immigrants for an extended period and the possible violation of migrants’ civil rights. Such reluctance has earned these law enforcement agencies the label of “sanctuary cities.” ICE has denounced this behavior, arguing that it interferes with the agency's ability to obtain custody of convicted criminals and makes communities less safe. Using data on detainers at the local law enforcement-agency level, we assess ICE's claims. We find that sanctuary policies do not hinder ICE's ability to obtain custody of convicted criminals and question the argument that such policies might make communities less safe. These findings are relevant for migration scholars and policymakers interested in gaining a better understanding of the public-safety implications of sanctuary policies aimed at immigrants in various receiving nations, including Canada, the UK, and the United States.
Introduction of blended diet for enteral tube feeding in paediatrics: A case report
Authors: Phillips Gemma
Published: November 2021

Background: Advances in medical technology have resulted in changes to enteral tube feeding (ETF). Standard practice in the UK is to use commercial formula for ETF via the stomach or small intestine; however, blended diets are becoming increasingly popular. Emerging evidence shows benefits of a blended diet although evidence informing clinical guidance is sparse. Consequently, there is disparity in practice, and it remains unclear which patient groups may benefit most from a blended diet. Aim: To demonstrate the initiation of a blended diet in clinical practice. Methods: This case report features a 2-year-old child requiring ETF in the context of hypotonia, developmental delay and faltering growth. Results: In this instance, a blended diet resulted in improved gastrointestinal symptoms and adequate growth. Conclusion: This case demonstrates the successful implementation of a blended diet and associated benefits. Blended diets may benefit others requiring ETF and should be considered on an individualised basis.
Prospective teachers constructing dynamic geometry activities for gifted pupils: Connections between the frameworks of Krutetskii and van Hiele
Authors: Vinerean Mirela , Fahlgren Maria , Szabo Attila , Sriraman Bharath
Published: November 2021

The Swedish educational system has, so far, accorded little attention to the development of gifted pupils. Moreover, up to date, no Swedish studies have investigated teacher education from the perspective of mathematically gifted pupils. Our study is based on an instructional intervention, aimed to introduce the notion of giftedness in mathematics and to prepare prospective teachers (PTs) for the needs of the gifted. The data consists of 10 dynamic geometry software activities, constructed by 24 PTs. We investigated the constructed activities for their qualitative aspects, according to two frameworks: Krutetskii’s framework for mathematical giftedness and van Hiele’s model of geometrical thinking. The results indicate that nine of the 10 activities have the potential to address pivotal abilities of mathematically gifted pupils. In another aspect, the analysis suggests that Krutetskii’s holistic description of mathematical giftedness does not strictly correspond with the discrete levels of geometrical thinking proposed by van Hiele.
Convergence of linear television and digital platforms: An analysis of YouTube offer and consumption
Authors: González-Neira Ana , Vázquez-Herrero Jorge , Quintas-Froufe Natalia
Published: November 2021

This research studies the offer and consumption on YouTube in Spain of videos from the three main media groups on free-to-air TV. Firstly, a study of the offer of these channels’ onset platforms was conducted. Later, the audience data gathered by YouTube Data API and Comscore between February and May 2020 was analyzed to ascertain the traditional broadcasters’ strategy regarding new viewing windows. The results indicate that this window display is used mainly as a promotional strategy and the channels do not consider it to be a key element in their digital strategy, with practical nonexistence of crossmedia initiatives and exclusive content. The consumer analysis permits definition of the TV content, its success and user patterns.
Always Connected: Technology Use Increases Technostress Among Public Managers
Authors: Camarena Leonor , Fusi Federica
Published: November 2021

Despite the growing use and adoption of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in government, few studies investigate how ICTs impact the well-being of public managers in the workplace. Information system and psychology studies define “technostress” as a form of stress stemming from the social and technical changes brought by ICTs use. Public managers likely experience technostress as ICTs become pervasive in their professional and private life and add new demands to their workload. Using nationwide 2014 survey data of 2,500 local government managers, we focus on technology use and individual and organizational practices around ICT use to investigate their effect on technostress. We find that ICT use for professional purposes increases technostress, but public organizations can reduce technostress by providing policies and guidelines on ICT use. Personal use of ICTs and electronic monitoring do not affect technostress. We discuss implications for technology and human resource management in public organizations.
Association between single-slice and whole heart measurements of epicardial and pericardial fat in cardiac MRI
Authors: Vach Marius , Luetkens Julian A , Faron Anton , Isaak Alexander , Salam Babak , Thomas Daniel , Attenberger Ulrike I , Sprinkart Alois M
Published: November 2021

Background

Epicardial (ECF) and pericardial fat (PCF) are important prognostic markers for various cardiac diseases. However, volumetry of the fat compartments is time-consuming.

Purpose

To investigate whether total volume of ECF and PCF can be estimated by axial single-slice measurements and in a four-chamber view.

Material and Methods

A total of 113 individuals (79 patients and 34 healthy) were included in this retrospective magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. The total volume of ECF and PCF was determined using a 3D-Dixon sequence. Additionally, the area of ECF and PCF was obtained in single axial layers at five anatomical landmarks (left coronary artery, right coronary artery, right pulmonary artery, mitral valve, coronary sinus) of the Dixon sequence and in a four-chamber view of a standard cine sequence. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated between the total volume and each single-slice measurement.

Results

Axial single-slice measurements of ECF and PCF correlated strongly with the total fat volumes at all landmarks (ECF: r  =  0.85–0.94, P < 0.001; PCF: r  =  0.89–0.94, P < 0.001). The best correlation was found at the level of the left coronary artery for ECF and PCF ( r  =  0.94, P < 0.001). Correlation between single-slice measurement in the four-chamber view and the total ECF and PCF volume was lower ( r  =  0.75 and r  =  0.8, respectively, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Single-slice measurements allow an estimation of ECF and PCF volume. This time-efficient analysis allows studies of larger patient cohorts and the opportunistic determination of ECF/PCF from routine examinations.
Artesunate attenuates inflammatory injury and inhibits the NF-κB pathway in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia
Authors: Liu Ying , Dang Wei , Zhang Shiyang , Wang Lina , Zhang Xiangjian
Published: November 2021

Objective

Inflammation is an important factor in the pathological process of cerebral ischemia. Artesunate exhibits a broad range of anti-inflammatory properties in many diseases. We investigated the potential protective effect of artesunate against cerebral ischemia and the related mechanisms.

Methods

Mice were divided into distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO), sham, low dose, and high dose groups and subjected to dMCAO, except for the sham group. The low and high dose groups were administered artesunate (15 and 30 mg/kg), and the neuroprotective effects were analyzed by evaluating infarct volumes and neurological deficits. Microglial activation and neutrophil infiltration were evaluated by immunofluorescence, immunohistochemical staining, and western blotting. Inflammatory mediators were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Nuclear factor (NF)-κB nuclear translocation was detected by immunofluorescence and western blotting.

Results

Compared with the dMCAO group, artesunate significantly improved neurological deficit scores and infarct volumes and ameliorated inflammation by reducing neutrophil infiltration, suppressing microglial activation, and downregulating tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β expression. Furthermore, artesunate inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κB and inhibitor protein α proteolysis.

Conclusions

Artesunate protected against inflammatory injury by reducing neutrophil infiltration and microglial activation, suppressing inflammatory cytokines, and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. Therefore, artesunate is a potential ischemic stroke treatment.
Clinical characteristics of Kawasaki disease in adolescents
Authors: Liu Xiaoliang , Wang Fang , Zhou Kaiyu , Hua Yimin , Wu Mei , Liu Lei , Shao Shuran , Wang Chuan
Published: November 2021

Objective

Studies focusing on Kawasaki disease (KD) in adolescents are lacking in Southwest China. We systematically summarized the clinical characteristics of KD in adolescents to improve pediatricians’ recognition of this condition.

Methods

The clinical data of patients with adolescent-onset KD in our center were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into Group A (n = 7), whose first hospitalization was at our hospital, and Group B (n = 10), who were transferred from their local hospital or community health center.

Results

Seventeen patients with adolescent-onset KD were identified (constituent ratio of 0.8%). Seven patients had an intermittent fever for >10 days. The incidence of incomplete KD was 52.9%. These patients had a high incidence of other atypical clinical manifestations. Fifteen patients were initially misdiagnosed with other infectious diseases. Although the incidence of typical KD was higher in Group B, the overall misdiagnosis rate at the initial stages was higher and the average fever duration on arrival and before IVIG administration were much longer in Group B than A.

Conclusions

KD in adolescents was frequently misdiagnosed, which might be associated with its atypical, diverse clinical features and pediatricians’ poor recognition. Pediatricians must be aware of the possibility of KD in adolescents.
Mobile workers, contingent labour: Migration, the gig economy and the multiplication of labour
Authors: Altenried Moritz
Published: November 2021

The article takes the surprising exit of the food delivery platform Deliveroo from Berlin as a starting point to analyse the relationship between migration and the gig economy. In Berlin and many cities across the globe, migrant workers are indispensable to the operations of digital platforms such as Uber, Helpling, or Deliveroo. The article uses in-depth ethnographic and qualitative research to show how the latter's exit from Berlin provides an almost exemplary picture of why urban gig economy platforms are strongholds of migrant labour, while at the same time, demonstrating the very contingency of this form of work. The article analyses the specific reasons why digital platforms are particularly open to migrants and argues that the very combination of new forms of algorithmic management and hyper-flexible forms of employment that is characteristic of gig economy platforms is also the reason why these platforms are geared perfectly toward the exploitation of migrant labour. This allows the analysis of digital platforms in the context of stratified labour markets and situates them within a long history of contingent labour that is closely intertwined with the mobility of labour.
Erenumab versus topiramate for the prevention of migraine – a randomised, double-blind, active-controlled phase 4 trial
Authors: Reuter Uwe , Ehrlich Marc , Gendolla Astrid , Heinze Axel , Klatt Jan , Wen Shihua , Hours-Zesiger Peggy , Nickisch Jacqueline , Sieder Christian , Hentschke Christian , Maier-Peuschel Monika
Published: November 2021

Background

We compared the tolerability and efficacy of erenumab, a monoclonal antibody binding to the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor, to topiramate for migraine prophylaxis in adults.

Methods

HER-MES was a 24-week, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, controlled trial conducted in 82 sites in Germany. Patients with ≥4 migraine days per month and naïve to study drugs were randomly assigned (1:1) to either subcutaneous erenumab (70 or 140 mg/month) plus topiramate placebo (erenumab group) or oral topiramate at the individual dose with optimal efficacy (50–100 mg/day) plus erenumab placebo (topiramate group). The primary endpoint was medication discontinuation due to an adverse event during the double-blind phase. The proportion of patients that achieved ≥50% reduction from baseline in monthly migraine days during the last 3 months of the double-blind phase was a secondary endpoint.

Results

Seven hundred and seventy-seven patients were randomised (from 22 February 2019 to 29 July, 2020) and 95.1% completed the study. In the erenumab group, 10.6% discontinued medication due to adverse events compared to 38.9% in the topiramate group (odds ratio, 0.19; 95% confidence interval 0.13–0.27; p < 0.001). Significantly more patients achieved a ≥50% reduction in monthly migraine days from baseline with erenumab (55.4% vs. 31.2%; odds ratio 2.76; 95% confidence interval 2.06–3.71; p < 0.001). No new safety signals occurred.

Conclusions

Erenumab demonstrated a favourable tolerability and efficacy profile compared to topiramate. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03828539, URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03828539
Modifying Signal Retiming Procedures and Policies by Utilizing High-Fidelity Modeling with Medium-Resolution Traffic Data
Authors: Dobrota Nemanja , Stevanovic Aleksandar , Mitrovic Nikola
Published: November 2021

Current signal retiming policies are deficient in recognizing the potential of emerging traffic datasets and simulation tools to improve signal timings. Consequently, current practice advocates the use of periodically collected (low-resolution) traffic datasets and deterministic (low-fidelity) simulation tools. When deployed in the field, such signal timings require excessive fine-tuning. The most recent trends promote the use of high-resolution data collected at 10 Hz frequency. While such an approach shows promise, the process heavily relies on specific data sets that are neither widely available nor clearly integrated into the existing signal retiming practices and procedures. Interestingly, data collected in an ongoing fashion and aggregated in several-minute bins (referred to here as medium-resolution) have not received much attention in the traditional retiming procedures. This study examines traditional signal retiming practices to provide a contextual framework for the other retiming alternatives. The authors define and classify different resolutions of various traffic data used in the signal retiming process and propose a signal retiming procedure based on widely available medium-resolution data and high-fidelity simulation modeling. The authors apply the traditional (low-resolution and low-fidelity) and a proposed (medium-resolution and high-fidelity) approach to a 28-intersection corridor in southeastern Florida. Signal timing plans developed from the proposed approach outperformed current plans from field and those plans developed in the traditional approach by reducing the average delay anywhere between 6.5 and 26%. With regard to the number of stops, changes for the traditional and proposed approaches were of much lower significance when compared with the field signal timings. The traveling speeds have been increased by 4.1%–18% by the proposed signal timings and delay was not transferred onto the neighboring streets, as was the case for plans developed by the traditional approach. Development, calibration, and validation of models within the proposed approach are more time-consuming and challenging than the modeling needs of the traditional approach. One direction of future research should address the automation of calibration and validation procedures. The other direction for future research should be related to the field evaluation of proposed signal timing plans.
Stumbling and Growing: A Bibliometric Study of Academic Publications of Palliative Care in Mainland China for 2010–2020
Authors: Jin Shuang , Liu Shuo , Li Jiaojiao , Ning Xiaohong , Liu Xiaohong
Published: November 2021

Background: Mainland China is facing increasing demand for palliative care and has launched related policies after 2010. Research and publications are important for sustainable development of palliative care, and should be encouraged by policy. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the development of palliative care-related publications in Mainland China in various aspects. Design: We searched Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Ovid MEDLINE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure for publications from Mainland China for 2010–2020, with the topic words “hospice,” “palliative care,” “end-of-life care,” or “terminal care.” The publishing year, region, impacts, journals, publication types, and topics were analyzed. Results: A total of 3682 publications were identified, 754 of them (20.5%) published in Chinese core journals or international journals. The annual publication number and impact factor rose rapidly after 2016 and dropped again in 2020. There is no specialized palliative care journal in Mainland China. The publication numbers differed significantly between East and Western China and were closely linked to the economy ( R2 = 0.8120, P < .0001). The megacities Beijing and Shanghai comprised 2.6% of the total population of Mainland China but produced 22.6% of the publications. Palliative care in cancer patients was the most common topic (37.7% of the publications). Practical keywords such as “pain management” and “living will” gained popularity recently. Conclusions: Palliative care-related research and publication in Mainland China are growing in recent years. However, the early stage growth is unstable, with a conspicuous regional disparity. Policies should be designed, in an equitable manner, to encourage original research and publication of palliative care.
The role of ferroptosis in organ toxicity
Authors: Yarmohammadi Fatemeh , Hayes A Wallace , Karimi Gholamreza
Published: November 2021

Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death, is characterized by iron overload, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and depletion of glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation. Lipophilic antioxidants and iron chelators can prevent ferroptosis. GSH-dependent glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) prevents lipid ROS accumulation. Ferroptosis is thought to be initiated through GPX4 inactivation. Moreover, mitochondrial iron overload derived from the degradation of ferritin is involved in increasing ROS generation. Ferroptosis has been suggested to explain the mechanism of action of organ toxicity induced by several drugs and chemicals. Inhibition of ferroptosis may provide novel therapeutic opportunities for treatment and even prevention of such organ toxicities.