bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forecasting Oil Recovery Using Long Short Term Memory Neural Machine Learning Technique
Authors: Asante Jonathan , Ampomah William , Carther Martha
Published: May 2023

This paper focuses on using a timeseries neural network to forecast the oil recovery of a mature oil reservoir undergoing tertiary CO2 water alternating gas (WAG) enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Estimating future oil recovery is a necessity for planning an effective EOR strategy. Because of the high uncertainty associated with numerical modeling input parameters, modeling is not necessarily an accurate predictor of future performance for a specific well or even an entire field. The evolution of machine learning algorithms has shown that data-driven models can make decisions based on trends and pattern recognition to achieve tractable, robust, and cost-effective solutions.

The methodology is validated by analyzing a five-spot pattern from the study field. The one injector well and four producers within the pattern are considered to be mutually connected. The multivariate timeseries (MTS) field data utilized in the model construction include production bottom-hole pressure, injection pressure, WAG cycles, and injection volumes. These MTS input data were preprocessed into a format that is more understandable and useful for the model. A Long-Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network model was established to determine patterns and trends, discover relationships from MTS data, and subsequently predict oil recovery through model-fitting. During the model construction, the preprocessed dataset was split into training and testing sets based on production time periods. The largest portion of the data set is apportioned to train the model, and it also corresponds to the earliest part of the production. The model is tested on the remaining data set chronologically.

Analysis of field history calibration through loss iteration of the training dataset shows a low mean squared error of 7.16 and a relatively high R-squared value of 0.92. The developed model was validated using a test set, and results showed high-level model predictability of an R-squared value of 0.88. Additional model validation was performed using other wells’ information within the pattern as a blind test dataset. An average R-squared of 0.88 was observed for the other producing wells. The validated model was used to forecast oil recovery into the future with a reasonable outcome. From the forecast, uncertainty increased with the increasing length of time in the future, and the alteration of the WAG cycle significantly impacted the oil recovery. The LSTM model can predict oil recovery with a high level of accuracy. The successful predictions and reasonable forecasting of the oil recovery prove the effectiveness and usefulness of data-driven models.

The workflow presented in this paper predicts the oil recovery without a detailed geological model and/or numerical simulation; it only considers time-changing parameters. Analyzing the LSTM model's results provides robust guidance to adjust real-time field development plans.
Hybrid Multiphase Rate Forecasting Model in Liquid Wells for Unconventional Reservoirs
Authors: Sinha Utkarsh , Zalavadia Hardikkumar , Chauhan Prithvi Singh , Sankaran Sathish
Published: May 2023

The development of shale plays requires accurate forecasting of production rates and expected ultimate recoveries, which is challenging due to the complexities associated with production from hydraulically fractured horizontal wells in unconventional reservoirs. Traditional empirical models like Arps decline are inadequate in capturing these complexities, and long-term forecasting is hindered by the challenges posed by 3 phase flow. In response, a new physics-augmented, data-driven forecasting method has been proposed that efficiently captures these complexities.

The proposed PI-based forecasting (PIBF) method combines data-driven techniques with the physics of propagation of dynamic drainage volume under transient flow conditions observed by unconventional wells for a prolonged period. The model requires only routinely measured inputs such as production rates and wellhead pressure, and efficiently captures the trend shift in gas-to-oil ratio caused by free gas liberation in the near-wellbore region. By using material balance and productivity index models, the proposed approach can forecast well performance and handle changing operational conditions during the well's lifecycle.

Compared to existing empirical or analytical methods like Arps decline and RTA, the proposed method yields more accurate forecasting results, while still using easily available inputs. Empirical methods like Arps decline have low input requirements but lack physical insights, leading to inaccuracies and inability to handle changing operational conditions. Pure physics-based methods like RTA and reservoir simulation require more input properties that are often difficult to obtain, resulting in a low range of applicability.

Overall, the proposed method offers a promising alternative to existing methods, effectively combining data-driven techniques with physics-based insights to accurately forecast well performance and handle changing operational conditions in unconventional reservoirs.
A Novel Approach to Determining Carrying Capacity Index Through Incorporation of Hole Size and Pipe Rotation
Authors: Rathgeber David , Johnson Erick , Lucon Peter , Anderson Ryan , Todd Burt , Downey Jerome , Richards Lee
Published: May 2023

Current API RP13D guidelines outline 3 methods for determining hole-cleaning efficiency based on wellbore angle. Method 1, used in low-angle wellbores (<30°) compares cuttings slip velocity with annular velocity to determine a transport ratio and cuttings concentration. Method 2, also used for low-angle wellbores (<30°) derives a carrying capacity index (CCI) based on bulk annular velocity, fluid density and power-law rheology. Method 3, used in high-angle wellbores (<30°) derives a transport index (TI) based on fluid rheology, density, and flow rate. TI is then plotted on an empirically derived chart (Luo et al., 1992, 1994) to determine maximum allowable rate of penetration (ROP) that should ensure efficient hole cleaning.

Although these methods are considered recommended practices by API, Method 3 (TI) is based on an outdated study (Luo et al., 1992) with limited scope (one flow loop, one field test). Additionally, this method neglects the importance of drill pipe rotation and pipe eccentricity in cuttings transport efficiency, which has been proven to be a factor in other studies (Akhshik et al., 2015; Sanchez et al., 1997b).

This paper highlights the shortcomings of current API standards and identifies what effects contributing factors such as pipe eccentricity and drill pipe rotation rates may have on cuttings transport efficiency. Further, this paper discusses the impact pipe-to-hole area ratio and wellbore flow area have on the effects of drill pipe rotation and flow channeling.

Five horizontal wellbores were modeled using Siemens Star CCM+ Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software, with bottom-eccentric 4 ½″ drill pipe placement, in annular diameters of 6¾″, 7 ⅞″, 8 ⅜″ 8 ½″ and 8 ⅝″. Additionally, one bottom-eccentric 5″ drill pipe in an 8 ¾" wellbore was modeled to compare identical pipe-to-hole area ratios with different flow areas. Simulations were run with drill pipe rotation speeds increasing from 0 to 180 RPM, in 30 RPM increments. In order to determine the impact fluid rheology has on flow channel development, both medium density oil-based muds and light density water-based muds were modeled and compared. Bulk annular flow velocity was set to 100 ft/min, to maximize the observable effects of drill pipe rotation. Bulk average velocity was calculated from cross sectional area, determining both annular velocity (velocity parallel to wellbore) and absolute velocity (fluid velocity magnitude regardless of direction). The resultant velocity profiles were used as the annular velocity component in API CCI and TI calculations and compared to bulk annular velocity.

In addition to observing fluid velocity for CCI and TI calculations, changes in effective viscosity from the onset of pipe rotation was also analyzed to determine changes in wellbore parameters that may affect cuttings transport.
Fracture Diagnostic Revolution: New Advancements in Integrated Studies to Accelerate Your Learning Curve Ahead of Capital Spending
Authors: Williams-Kovacs Jesse D. , Deryushkin Dmitry
Published: May 2023

With increasing complexity and capital cost of developing unconventional reservoirs, it has become common practice for operators to undertake hydraulic fracture optimization prior to initiating field pumping operations. However, one of the biggest challenges that has plagued the industry is a lack of effective and cost-efficient methods to diagnose the efficacy of these fracturing treatments prior to executing their next pad, leading to perpetual cycle of knowledge lagging a full drilling program behind capital spending.

In this paper a new integrated workflow for hydraulic fracture optimization will be demonstrated, with a focus on the use of quantitative flowback analysis (FBA) to quickly and effectively diagnose completion efficacy within a few days of opening the well to flow after pumping using typically gathered field data. FBA is a low-cost method that consists of analyzing post-frac flow test data to diagnose completions and estimate key fracture and SRV/matrix properties using less than two weeks of flowing data.

Incorporating FBA diagnostic in hydraulic fracture optimizations workflows allows operators to quickly assess how effective their fracture treatments were shortly after opening the well to flow, allowing these learnings to be applied on the next well or next pad, which acts to remove the majority of uncertainty commonly experienced during a drilling season. When combined with hydraulic fracturing modelling, FBA delivers results 6-12 months earlier than other conventional techniques like rate-transient analysis and numerical flow modelling on long-term production data and at a fraction of the cost of other early-time completions diagnostics. A case study from a prolific North American unconventional reservoir will be utilized to demonstrate how FBA was used to allow the operator to diagnose the efficacy of key changes to stimulation design developed using hydraulic fracture modelling to mitigate overlaying zone risk, while maximizing reservoir productivity and capital efficiency. Through the application of this new workflow, early-time hydrocarbon recovery was improved by over 30%, while reducing completion costs by 20%, all without incurring any additional field costs. As a result, the operator was also able to satisfy the upper management and confidently accelerate their development program within the same drilling season.

With the application of this new workflow, operators are able to, for the first time, fully leverage the benefits of hydraulic fracture optimization without relying on cost-prohibitive field diagnostics to assess stimulation outcomes. Inclusion of FBA diagnostic in these workflows allows the operator to utilize commonly gathered data to quickly and effectively diagnose fracture efficacy shortly after pumping and finally accelerate their learning curve ahead of their capital spending.
Assessment of the Retrofit Potential of Existing Wellbores for Geologic CO2 Sequestration Applications
Authors: Heimerl Joseph , Ma Zhiwei , Chen Bailian , Mehana Mohamed , Van Wijk Jolante
Published: May 2023

Addressing the existential threat posed by climate change requires the widespread adoption of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission-limiting and atmospheric reduction methods. Point source capture of CO2 at power generation and manufacturing facilities, as well as direct air capture from the atmosphere, can reduce atmospheric CO2. After capture, CO2 will need to be stored long-term. One option is the implementation of geologic sequestration (GS) of CO2. Within the United States, oversight authority of CO2 sequestration wells is conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which designates GS wells as "Class VI wells". So far, only a few Class VI wells have been made operational, with a few dozen more in the permitting process. This volume will not be sufficient to meet the need for full-scale CO2 sequestration, and additional wells will need to be delivered in an economic and timely fashion to allow for large-scale CO2 sequestration. A promising option to boost storage capacity would be to retrofit some of the nation's millions of legacy oil and gas wells for use as sequestration wells. We present an analysis of wellbore retrofit, the process of augmenting an old well to meet Class VI requirements, conducted by looking at the EPA regulations, carbon dioxide compatible well design, and a pilot review of some United States wells. This study does not include a review of the geological considerations associated with sequestration but focuses on what will be necessary on a well-by-well basis for successful retrofit. The findings of this analysis illustrate that wellbore retrofits for long-term carbon dioxide sequestration is only suitable for wells that possess the correct combination of well factors and will inject a clean CO2 stream. For ideal candidates, a retrofit would allow for significant time and cost savings compared to a newly- drilled wellbore. The document concludes with considerations for publicly available wellbore data that could facilitate a more robust search for future wellbore retrofits through state databases with the collaboration of operators.
Comparative Machine Learning Frameworks for Forecasting CO2/CH4 Competitive Adsorption Ratios in Shale
Authors: Ma Haoming , Yang Yun , Xue Zhenqian , Chen Zhangxin
Published: May 2023

Accurate modeling of CO2/CH4 competitive adsorption behavior is a critical aspect of enhanced gas recovery associated with CO2 sequestration in organic-rich shales (CO2-ESGR). It not only improves the ultimate recovery of shale gas reservoirs that satisfies the increasing energy demand but also provides permanent geologic storage of atmospheric CO2 that contributes to the net-zero energy future. Determining a CO2/CH4 adsorption ratio is essential for the performance prediction of shale gas reservoirs and the evaluation of CO2 storage potential. However, experimental adsorption measurements are expensive and time-consuming that may not always be available for shale reservoirs of interest or at the investigated geologic conditions, and as a result, a sorption ratio cannot be assessed appropriately. Traditional models such as a Langmuir model are highly dependent on extensive experiments and cannot be widely applied. Therefore, a unified adsorption model must be developed to predict the CO2/CH4 competitive adsorption ratios, which is essential for CO2 sequestration and exploitation of natural gas from shale reservoirs.

In recent years, the development of machine learning algorithms has significantly improved the accuracy and computational speed of prediction. In this work, we conducted a comparative machine learning algorithm study to effectively forecast the maximum CO2 adsorption capacity and CO2/CH4 competitive adsorption ratios. Four sensitive input parameters (i.e., temperature, total organic carbon, moisture content, and maximum adsorption capacity of CH4) were selected, along with their 50 data points collected from the existing literature.

The artificial neural network (ANN), XGBoost, and Random Forest (RF) algorithms were investigated. By comparing the mean absolute errors (MAE) and coefficients of determination (R2), it was found that the ANN models can successfully forecast the required outputs within a 10% accuracy level. Furthermore, the descriptive statistics demonstrated that the CO2/CH4 competitive adsorption ratios were generally from 1.7 to 5.6. The proposed machine learning algorithm framework will provide insights beyond the isothermal conditions of classical adsorption models and the solid support to CO2-ESGR processes into which competitive adsorption can be a driven mechanism.
Studying Factors to Optimize Flowback and Productivity of Mfhws in Shale Gas Formations
Authors: Jing Guicheng , Chen Zhangxin , Zhang Kai
Published: May 2023

Nowadays, the only economic and effective way to exploit shale reservoirs is multi-stage fracturing of horizontal wells. The backflow after fracturing affects the damage degree of a fracturing fluid to a formation and fracture conductivity, and directly influences a fracturing outcome. At present, the backflow control of the fracturing fluid mostly adopts empirical methods, lacking a reliable theoretical basis. Therefore, it is of positively practical significance to reasonably optimize a flowback process and control the flowback velocity and flowback process of a fracturing fluid. On the other hand, the previous research on the productivity of multi-stage fracturing horizontal wells after fracturing is limited, and an equation derivation process has been simplified and approximated to a certain extent, so its accuracy is significantly affected. Based on previous studies, this paper established a new mathematical model. This model optimizes the flowback velocity after fracturing by dynamically adjusting a choke size and analyzes and predicts the production performance after fracturing. To maximize fracture clean-up efficiency, this work builds the model for a dynamic adjustment of choke sizes as wellhead pressure changes over time. It uses a two-phase (gas and liquid) flow model along the horizontal, slanted and vertical sections. The forces acting on proppant particles, filtration loss of water, the compressibility of a fracturing fluid, wellbore friction, a gas slippage effect, water absorption and adsorption are simultaneously considered. With the theories of mass conservation, we build a mathematical model for predicting production performance from multi-fractured horizontal wells with a dynamic two-phase model considering dual-porosity, stress-sensitivity, wellbore friction, gas adsorption and desorption. In this model, the gas production mechanisms from stimulated reservoir volume and gas and water relative permeabilities are employed. Based on shale reservoir parameters, wellhead pressure, a choke size, a gas/liquid rate, cumulative gas/liquid production, cumulative filtration loss and a flowback rate are simulated. In the simulations, the influential factors, such as shut-in soak time of the fracturing fluid, forced flowback velocity, fracturing stages and fracture half-length after fracturing, are studied. It is found by comparison that in the block studied, when a well is shut in four days after fracturing, the dynamic choke size is adjusted with wellhead pressure changing over time, the fracturing stage is 11, and the fracture half-length is 350 meters, the fracture conductivity after flowback is the largest, and the productivity of the horizontal well is the highest.
An Answer to Ever-Challenging Question of Selecting the Right Test Method (Dispersion or Deposition) for Asphaltene Stability Determination
Authors: Punase Abhishek , Burnett Will , Wylde Jonathan
Published: May 2023

Changing thermodynamic and compositional conditions of producing fields can cause decreased asphaltene stability and initiate aggregation, subsequent precipitation, and eventual deposition within flowlines. Usage of asphaltene inhibitors that prevent aggregation and tackle the problem right at the inception is widely preferred. However, such chemistries were observed to be counter-productive and led to higher asphaltene deposition in many cases. Thus, raising the question of what approach works best for assessing asphaltene stability: Dispersion or Deposition?

The focus of this study is to explore the relationship between the underlying working mechanism of dispersion and deposition-based test methods. Multiple crude oil samples produced from different regions of the world were evaluated using asphaltene inhibitor chemistries with optical transmittance, thermoelectric, and flow loop methods. Optical transmittance method evaluates sedimentation rate and cluster size distribution of asphaltene cluster within the test fluid medium. Thermoelectric method describes the dispersion state of asphaltenes within native crude oil. Flow loop setup assesses total mass deposited when the oil (blank or dosed) and precipitant mixture is flown through capillary tubes.

The results from these tests indicated that a fine balance between the dispersion and deposition mechanisms must be maintained as these may not respond linearly or in direct relationship at all conditions. It was seen that dispersing the asphaltene clusters too small may lead to high diffusional rate within the low flow shear regime and build up more deposit in depositional dominant test methods. Variation in treatment concentration (especially overtreatment) of an effective asphaltene inhibitor can result in lowering of cluster size to a range which in effect can cause more deposition. The overall assessment suggests that not having a holistic overlook at these test methods and following the standard process of giving specific focus on a singular approach, can mislead the asphaltene stability and inhibitor performance evaluation.

The key role of asphaltene cluster size as a bridge relating the dispersion and deposition-based test method is revealed in this paper. It is seen that there exists an effective range of cluster size within which the results from different test methods correlate well. Therefore, it is imperative that the asphaltene inhibitor development philosophy must include test screening methods focusing on each instability stage (precipitation, aggregation, and deposition) individually and combine the learnings to come up with the best recommendation.
Effects of Nano-Particles on Foamy Oil of CO2-Heavy Oil System under Nonequilibrium Conditions
Authors: Shi Yu , Lv Wang , Zhang Yin , Zhu Guangya
Published: May 2023

In situ formation of foamy oil has been widely utilized to improve the heavy oil recovery, especially considering its cost efficiency. Therefore, the stability and strength of generated foam actually play a crucial role on the foamy oil recovery. In this work, the effects of nanoparticles (NPs), the additives in a CO2-heavy oil system, on the so-called NPs-stabilized foam of CO2-heavy oil systems are experimentally and mathematically assessed. Specifically, a visual high temperature high pressure (HTHP) foam generator is utilized to investigate the foam stability of NPs- CO2-heavy oil system. The effects of different NPs concentrations and NPs types on the foam stability is systematically observed and analyzed with measuring the relationship between the height of foam column and time under nonequilibrium conditions. Then, a mathematical model is proposed to quantify processes of NPs-stabilized foam generation and collapse according to the experimental results. The results show that NPs of SiO2 with a size of 20-30 nm can effectively improve the foam stability and generation of CO2-heavy oil system compared with pure CO2-heavy oil foam. The concentration of NPs impose impact on the foam properties to some degree. Also, different types of NPs, SiO2, Al2O3 and MgO, on the foam stability are experimentally probed mainly to unveil the difference between metallic NPs and non-metallic NPs. Finally, the exponential functions with parameters characterizing concentration and nonequilibrium conditions are developed to quantify the foam generation and stability under nonequilibrium conditions.
Quantification of Phase Behaviour and Physical Properties of n-Alkane Solvents/Water/Athabasca Bitumen Mixtures Under Reservoir Conditions
Authors: Huang Desheng , Li Yunlong , Dong Xiaomeng , Yang Daoyong
Published: May 2023

Experimental and theoretical techniques have been developed to quantify phase behaviour and physical properties in terms of phase boundaries, swelling factors, phase volumes, and phase compositions. Experimentally, five sets of PVT experiments of pentane, hexane, and heptane, respectively, mixed with bitumen have been conducted to measure phase behaviour data in the absence and presence of water by using a conventional PVT setup at elevated temperatures up to 438.2 K. Theoretically, the Athabasca bitumen is characterized as four pseudocomponents, while the binary interaction parameters (BIPs) are optimized by reproducing the measured saturation pressures. The original Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR EOS) has been advanced to perform flash calculations by incorporating a recently modified alpha function and an improved volume translation method together with the Huron-Vidal mixing rule, while the results have been compared with those obtained from CMG WinProp module incorporated with the original alpha function as well as default and optimized BIP correlations. It is from the experimental observation that the saturation pressures of n-alkane solvents/water/bitumen mixtures are decreased with carbon numbers at the same conditions. Also, the saturation pressures of n-alkane solvents/bitumen mixtures are increased with the addition of water because water molecules are evaporated into vapour phase at relatively low pressure and high temperature conditions. The BIPs of pure solvent/bitumen pairs, which are optimized through fitting the measured saturation pressures, work well for n-alkanes/bitumen mixtures in the absence and presence of water. Such an advanced PR EOS (APR EOS) model can accurately reproduce the experimentally obtained multiphase boundaries, swelling factors, phase volumes and compositions with an average absolute relative derivation (AARD) of 7.82%, 2.11%, 6.78%, and 4.38%, respectively, indicating that it can provide fundamental data for the design and optimization of the hybrid solvent-steam recovery method for bitumen resources.
Produced Water Treatment with Deoiling Hydrocyclones – Misconceptions & Corrections
Authors: Ditria John C. , Rawlins Charles H.
Published: May 2023

Deoiling hydrocyclones are a mature technology for oil removal from produced water. Since the introduction of this technology in the 1980s it has become ubiquitous in all oil producing regions. From its original intent – to treat water directly off the outlet leg of a production separator – many operators have tried to use deoilers for every water treating application. The lack understanding the operation and design of deoilers has led to misconceptions around their performance. Deoiling hydrocyclones can treat emulsions, high-pressure gas condensate water, high-turndown requirements, and work with pumps – however their fundamentals must still be adhered to for the system to work properly. Not all deoiler liners are the same and vendor experience is critical during evaluation of this technology.
The Sustained Casing Pressure: Periodical Annuli Pressure Survey Campaign Findings in Mature Offshore Oil Field
Authors: Alshammari Ahmad Ejaimi , Alsdeiri Saad A. , Alhamdan Mohammad Ahmad
Published: May 2023

Sustained pressure in oil and gas wells remains a serious challenge that directly impacts the well integrity. This phenomenon commonly appears in aged wells. Well completion elements provide the required isolation to protect the well. Cement prohibits fluid movement between the subsurface formations. Additionally, mechanical isolation packers are employed to alleviate the probability of tubing/annulus communication. In the Arabian Gulf, it is attributable to the presence of a shallow-depth aquifer that contains corrosive water, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide gases.

Surveillance campaigns are performed to ensure the safety and healthiness of well completion components in addition to the reservoir management requirements. The Annuli Pressure Survey (APS) is deemed to be important to identify well integrity problems, especially the sustained casing/casing annulus (CCA) or tubing/casing annulus (TCA) pressure. Wells with sustain pressure are recommended for bleed-off/buildup test to check the communication between the casing sections.

The annuli pressure survey campaign is run periodically in a Middle Eastern Mature Offshore Oil Field. Oil producers and water injection wells are surveyed at least twice per year. The most recent campaign for 229 wells revealed that 8.3% of the surveyed wells exhibit sustain casing pressure (SCP), and most of these wells age +20 years.

This paper aims to illustrate the findings of the APS on this field. It includes the identification of the attributable factors that might lead to the SCP. It also provides a best practice to monitor the casing strings pressures and ensure well integrity in addition to diagnostic test should be followed to confirm the SCP.
Missing link in control of Tuberculosis transmission to human: Evidence from quantitative survey of livestock community resource persons of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Duraisamy Thirunavukkarasu , M Jothilakshmi , Kannan Porteen , Romney Dannie
Published: May 2023

Dairy farming in India is considered one of the pathways to moving out of poverty for more than 80 million marginalized rural households. However, there are challenges in productivity and production due to disease and other factors. In addition to these challenges the intensification in smallholder dairying likely to increase the incidence of bovine Tuberculosis (bTB) and paves way for potential public health risks due its zoonotic potential. Currently information is available with regard to knowledge, perception and adoption of practices associated with control of bTB transmission from among farmers and there is absence of information regarding the understanding bTB among livestock community resource persons. This demands an understanding of the knowledge and perception of community-level livestock resource persons who are engaged in livestock extension services for farmers, regarding bovine tuberculosis and consequence of knowledge and perception of community resource persons on their operational areas. Currently India has 42913 women community level livestockresource persons as a part of National Rural Livelihood Mission. In this study, knowledge, perceptions and practices associated with tuberculosis were studied and analyzed among 149 community level workers. The results showed above workers had limited knowledge (2.20%) on Bovine tuberculosis. Added they had poor perception with factors associated with control of bovine tuberculosis. Further adoption of risk-prone practices such as drinking of un-pasteurized milk, poor sanitization practices after handling animal among cattle owning community resources persons and also in their operational areas of which may increase the risk of transmission to the common public, including farmers. The contact with livestock extension system has not improved the knowledge on zoonotic potential and perception of zoonotic control associated practices of btB as similar to human health system which is revealed in the past studies. Thus there is imperative need to integrate both human and livestock system in communication strategies on btB. Furthermore caste, education, contact with extension agency and farming experience of community level workers influences on perception and adoption of zoonotic control practices. This needs to be considered during communication programmes / technology transfer activities which has potential to influence perception and on zoonotic control practices associated with bTB.
What is affecting the improvement of green innovation efficiency in the old industrial base: Evidence from Northeast China
Authors: Guo Fuyou , De ligeer , zhou mingxi , li rui , zhang yu
Published: May 2023

Green innovation is an important driving force for high-quality development and is vital for reinvigorating the old industrial bases in Northeast China. As such, this study investigates the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and factors influencing green innovation efficiency (GIE) in Northeast China from 2005 to 2020, using the super-efficient EBM-Malmquist model, kernel density estimation, and random forest model. The results show the following. 1) The "growth effect" of technological change is the main force driving GIE improvement; the "horizontal effect" of pure technical efficiency change has started to play an important role; and the club convergence characteristics of GIE in Northeast China have started to be optimized. 2) GIE in Northeast China shows significant spatial differentiation. The urban agglomeration of Mid-southern Liaoning and Harbin-Changchun has had high values for GIE, indicating that green innovation has a cyclic cumulative effect and the spatial pattern of green innovation needs to be further optimized. 3) The random forest model is more accurate and provides more trustworthy results compared with the traditional multiple linear regression model. The results of random forest model measurement illustrate that the number of digital economy enterprises, public finance expenditure, GDP per capita, and vegetation coverage play a positive role in promoting GIE. The proportion of the non-farm population and industrial agglomeration plays a negative role in GIE. In the same period, the contribution of the number of digital economy enterprises ≥ 0.41, public expenditure ≥ 0.47, GDP per capita ≥ 0.39, and vegetation coverage ≥ 0.36 to GIE reach maximum values and then remain unchanged.
New Consideration of the Skin Effect in Electrodynamics
Authors: Maslov Sergey , Maslov Iurii , Maslov Dmitry
Published: May 2023

The article proposes an approach to solving the normal skin effect problem based on integral equations derived directly
from Ampère's circuital law, Faraday's law of induction and Kirchhoff's circuit laws, in contrast to modern solutions
based on Maxwell's equations of electrodynamics in differential form. It is shown that the skin effect is mainly due
to the electromotive force of the wire self-induction, which depends on the distance to the surface, and the influence of
eddy currents is either very small or absent. New equations, their solutions and formulas for the total current and impedance are proposed for various technically significant cases immediately taking into account the inductance of the
external space and in two versions: taking into account only the self-induction of the conductor; taking into account
both self-induction and eddy currents. On the example of a solid cylinder, it is shown that, in accordance with the formulas of the existing approach itself, the current density on the surface of the wire does not increase with increasing
frequency, as it is stated in words. It is shown that, in fact, the solutions of the existing concept are based not on eddy
currents, but on the uneven distribution of elementary self-induction currents over depth and are completely equivalent
to the variant of the presented solutions, taking into account only self-induction. Power balances were obtained without
the introduction of a frequency-dependent active resistance to alternating current in two versions: based on the total
current, voltage and average electromotive force of induction; based on the integration of the balance of specific powers
over the entire volume of the wire. The physical meaning of the visual increase of the active resistance with increasing
frequency is revealed, but certainly not on the basis of a decrease in the effective cross section of the wire. Based on the
symmetry of the distribution of eddy currents, the assumption is made that they are absent in galvanically closed wires,
but present in open wires such as antennas. An experiment was carried out with a negative result on the detection of the
alleged thermal separation in the wire, an explanation for this was proposed.
Observation of Robust Interlayer Biexcitons in Twisted Homobilayer Superlattices
Authors: Zheng Haihong , Xie Xing , Li Shaofei , Chen Shula , He Jun , Liu Zongwen , Wang Chang-Tian , Wang Jian-Tao , Duan Xidong , Lu Yuerui , Pan Anlian , LIU Yanping
Published: May 2023

Moiré superlattices are formed by stacking 2D materials with a twist angle and have recently gained attention as a platform for investigating the interactions and correlations of moiré-trapped interlayer excitons (IXs). However, understanding these excitons remains challenging, as theoretical predictions suggest the existence of both parallel and antiparallel dipole-dipole interactions, while only repulsive interactions with a parallel configuration have been experimentally observed. Here, we investigate the localization of strain-induced moiré interlayer excitons in twisted transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) superlattices. Our results reveal that modulating the moiré trap in strain-engineered homobilayers leads to a higher density and emission efficiency of IXs, while also enhancing dipole-dipole interactions. In particular, we observe a transition in the nature of the moiré interlayer exciton-dipole interaction from repulsion to attraction in a twist-angle homostructure, resulting in a stable interlayer biexciton (IXX) phase with an antiparallel configuration, which had only been theoretically predicted before. Moreover, the moiré trap in homobilayers can be modulated by adjusting the spacing of the Au nanoarrays, which enabled us to achieve IXX emission up to 150 K, the highest temperature reported to date. This breakthrough is expected to pave the way for the observation of a Bose-Einstein condensate at room temperature. Our findings provide new opportunities for studying correlated many-body systems and have implications for developing novel optoelectronic devices and controllable nonlinear optics.
Exercise-based telerehabilitation for the management of chronic pain in people with severe haemophilia: A mixed methods feasibility study
Authors: McLaughlin Paul , Chowdary Pratima , Khair Kate , Smith Clive , Stephensen David , Hurley Michael
Published: May 2023

Background Chronic pain is reported by between 30–71% of people with haemophilia (PWH). Exercise is shown to be effective for pain management in both osteo- and rheumatoid arthritis, but it remains unclear if such an approach is effective or acceptable to PWH. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a telerehabilitation exercise intervention for PWH living with chronic pain.Methods This was a non-randomised, pre-post feasibility design, with a nested qualitative study. People with severe haemophilia > 18 years, living with chronic pain were recruited. The intervention comprised low impact/ moderate intensity, individualised exercises (6 individual, 6 group sessions) focussed on cardiovascular and strengthening activity and three knowledge sharing and discussion sessions. Primary objectives relating to feasibility and acceptability included recruitment rate, safety, adherence, fidelity of delivery and acceptability of the intervention. Preliminary evaluation of pain, function and quality of life was a secondary objective. In keeping with feasibility design, descriptive statistics were used.Results Ten PWH were recruited and completed the intervention. Nine agreed to be interviewed post intervention. Attendance at individual sessions was 84.5% compared to 52.1% for the group sessions (feasibility partially achieved). Outcome measures were successfully completed for 100% at baseline, 70% at intervention end and 60% at 3 month follow up (feasibility not achieved). No serious adverse events were recorded (feasibility achieved). Group median values in outcome measures (pain, function, quality of life) showed minimal change post intervention. Participant interviews highlighted high levels of enjoyment, confidence in continuing exercises independently, and positive views of virtual delivery and condition specific exercise (intervention was acceptable). Participants reported that outcome measures failed to capture changes that mattered to them.Conclusions An exercise based telerehabilitation intervention for PWH who live with chronic pain is safe, feasible and acceptable. This study furthers the evidence base for non-medical approaches for pain management in PWH. Further work is needed to refine the usefulness and content of the knowledge sharing sessions, and to determine what outcome measures are best suited for rehabilitation interventions such as this.Trial registration : Study was prospectively registered on 9 July 2021: International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number ISRCTN 17454597.
An Analyzing the Impact of Oil Price Volatility, Unpredictability, and Geopolitical Uncertainty on the Persistency of BRICS Economies
Authors: Cui Kai , Yang Wen
Published: May 2023

It is timely and crucial to research the effects of oil price volatility, unpredictability, and geopolitical instability on the persistence of BRICS economies. Given the continually shifting global oil markets and rising geopolitical tensions, it is critical to comprehend how these factors impact the economies of the BRICS countries. We can support these economies in remaining resilient and ensuring their future growth and success by learning how to handle and overcome these issues. This study examines how oil price volatility, predictability, and geopolitical unpredictability affect the BRICS economies' ability to endure and their economic success. The study explores the dynamic relationship between these factors during the period from 2004 to 2022 by using advanced econometric approaches, such as panel data analysis and PSRT autoregression. The results show that, with various degrees of sensitivity across the five economies, changes in the price of oil have a major impact on the economic growth of the BRICS nations. Furthermore, it has been found that geopolitical unpredictability tends to make the negative effects of oil price volatility worse, particularly in the energy-dependent economies of Russia and Brazil. The 2012 reform's impact on the oil price volatility index (OPVI) stock association is also investigated in this study. The study recommends that the BRICS nations adopt policies to lessen the negative effects of oil price shocks and geopolitical risks, including increasing their energy diversification and implementing efficient risk management plans to promote long-term economic growth.
Revisiting the Neotropical complex of cryptic Spodoptera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) crop pests: S. descoinsi is a synonym of S. cosmioides
Authors: Brito Rosângela , Gonçalves Gislene Lopes , Moreira Gilson R. P. , Roque-Specht Vânia Ferreira , Filho Wilson Sampaio de Azevedo , Specht Alexandre
Published: May 2023

Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker, 1858) is a noctuid moth of great economic importance distributed in the Neotropics, specifically in South America. Spodoptera descoinsi Lalanne-Cassou & Silvain, 1994, a closely related sympatric species was described from French Guiana. Historically, the differentiation of S. descoinsi was supported by pheromone composition comparatively to S. latifascia (Walker, 1856), a species considered a potential synonym of the former. Since differences between such species remain to be demonstrated, and phylogenetic studies based on DNA suggest that S. descoinsi and S. cosmioides merge into a single clade, we performed a comparative analysis with types and morphological descriptions to elucidate their taxonomic status. From both morphological and genetic perspectives, results support maintaining S. latifascia as a valid species. Analysis of COI sequences revealed shared haplotypes between S. cosmioides and S. descoinsi. Furthermore, S. cosmioides and S. descoinsi's slight differences at genitalia levels were not stable on a broader geographical scale. Therefore, we propose S. descoinsi as a new junior synonym of S. cosmioides.
An Improved Transformer-based Concrete Crack Classification Method
Authors: Ye Guanting , Dai Wei , Qu Jinsheng , Tao Jintai , Zhu Lin , Jin Qiang
Published: May 2023

In concrete structures, surface cracks are an important indicator for assessing the durability and serviceability of the structure. Existing convolutional neural networks for concrete crack identification are inefficient and computationally costly. Therefore, a new CSWin transformer-skip (CSW-S) is proposed to classify concrete cracks. The method is optimized by adding residual links to the existing CSWin transformer network and then trained and tested using a dataset with 17,000 images. The experimental results show that the improved CSW-S network has an extended range of extracted image features, which improves the accuracy of crack recognition. A detection accuracy of 96.92% is obtained using the trained CSW-S without pretraining. The improved transformer model has higher recognition efficiency and accuracy than the traditional transformer model and the classical CNN model.
Best practice models of Aged care implemented for First Nations people: a systematic review aligned with the Good Spirit Good Life quality of life principles
Authors: Rivers Caleb , Haynes Emma , LoGiudice Dina , Smith Kate , Bessarab Dawn
Published: May 2023

Development and delivery of aged-care programs based in a First Nations worldview to First Nations Elders is believed to translate to improved quality of life. First Nations perspectives of health and well-being incorporates social and cultural determinants in addition to traditional Western biomedical approaches. The Australian Royal Commission into Aged Care which identifies a need for culturally-appropriate aged care represents a strong policy driver in undertaking this work. We undertook a systematic review of the available evidence regarding implementation of culturally appropriate measures into models of practice. The sixteen included articles were systematically assessed and thematically analysed. The Good Spirit Good Life (GSGL) tool consists of 12 strength-based factors determined by First Nations Elders as constituting culturally appropriate aging. The publications included in this review were assessed as demonstrating a strong alignment with these 12 factors and a general consensus surrounding the constituents of aging well for First Nations Elders. From our findings, we identified that best-practice regarding First Nations ageing requires a decolonising approach involving top-down systematic change within organisations. This review contributes to an understanding of the enablers of best-practice models of care and supports determining strategies for the effective implementation of the 12 GSGL factors.
Risk Assessment of the Value Added Tax Collection
Authors: Burianova Olga
Published: May 2023

Value added tax is one of the EU budgets pillars. In the process of VAT collection, the environment of stability and continuity may be threatened. Each member country has an important role regarding payments to the budget of EU. The contribution is focused on the determination of threats and the consequent risks, which can negatively affect the collection of VAT in the Czech Republic. The author’s aim is to find potential threats of VAT collection within the risk management process. The main research question is: What relevant threats can be identified in VAT collection? Risk assessment techniquesused the recommendations of the CSN EN IEC 31010 (8/2020) and 31010(2018) standards. The thesis also provides a classification of threats according to the publicly available methodology of the Ministry of Finance, using risk management processes. The DYVELOP© method is used for the identification and analysis of operational risks, with a description of the semantics and syntax of the graphical representation of the issue in tables. The author tried to use his experience from thirty years of practice in tax to present a comprehensive view.
JEL Classification: G32 , H26