bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of Environmental, Social, and Governance disclosure on cost of debt: A life‐cycle perspective
Authors: Mathath Nidhin , Kumar Vinod , Balasubramanian G.
Published: January 2024

Drawing on life cycle theory, this paper explores the relationship between Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosure and the cost of debt using 556 Indian‐listed firms. The findings show that ESG disclosure is negatively related to the cost of debt; however, the impact of ESG disclosure is more pronounced in the growth and mature stages compared to the introduction, decline, and shakeout stages. The study deepens the analysis by investigating the effect of individual dimensions of ESG disclosure and the findings reveal that the environmental and social aspects have a more pronounced impact on the cost of debt compared to the governance component.
Spectral analysis of non‐contrast fluoroscopy for evaluation of pulmonary perfusion: Feasibility and sensitivity testing with a phantom
Authors: Smith Matthew R. , Grice Jared V. , Zhou Dennis W. , Emmons Erica C. , Rollins Allman T. , Hemnes Anna R. , O'Leary Jared M. , Smith Gary T.
Published: January 2024

Background

Oscillating x‐ray attenuation in the lungs provides an opportunity to evaluate pulmonary perfusion without contrast. Recent intensity‐based methods have been compared to pulmonary scintigraphy and CT angiography but lack rigorous phantom studies.

Purpose

A new method to quantify the periodic signal amplitude was employed using spectral analysis. Performance was characterized using a water phantom capable of creating an oscillating x‐ray attenuation at physiologic amplitudes. Feasibility in detecting abnormal perfusion was performed on a volunteer with pulmonary vascular disease and compared to pulmonary angiography, the clinical gold standard.

Methods

For each fluoroscopic acquisition, the normalized temporal signal from each pixel was decomposed into its frequency components using Fourier transformation, and the spectral amplitude, defined as the x‐ray pulsatility index (XPI), was determined at the desired frequency using a band‐pass filter. XPI was displayed as a pixel‐wise parametric colormap. Based on XPI maps generated using two human volunteers, a water bath phantom was constructed with a fluctuating fluid height and a 1 cm diameter pulsatility defect. Contrast‐to‐noise (CNR) of the defect was measured using fluoroscopy images acquired at variable fluid height fluctuation (0.1–1.9 mm) and oscillation frequency (30–60 bpm). Various sampling frame rates (3–30 fps) and acquisition durations (1.8–8 s) using truncated datasets were reconstructed from full datasets. Fluoroscopic images were obtained in a patient just prior to pulmonary angiography in the same projection.

Results

XPI maps in human subjects showed high signal to background contrast with high central XPI measuring up to 0.5. Phantom experiments revealed CNR was linearly correlated to fluid height change (r2 = 0.998). CNR is proportional to increasing sampling frame rate and increasing acquisition duration as expected with Fourier analysis. XPI map displayed multifocal perfusion defects in good agreement with pulmonary angiography.

Conclusion

Spectral analysis is an accurate and sensitive method to detect small changes in periodic x‐ray attenuation using a short fluoroscopic acquisition. This method demonstrated good agreement to pulmonary angiography and shows promise for clinical imaging of pulmonary perfusion using standard fluoroscopic methods.
Clinical benchmarking of a commercial software for skin dose estimation in cardiac, abdominal, and neurology interventional procedures
Authors: Hadid‐Beurrier Lama , Geryes Bouchra Habib , Jean‐Pierre Antonella , Gaudin Paul‐Adrien , Feghali Joëlle Ann
Published: January 2024

Background

Radiation exposure from interventional radiology (IR) could lead to potential risk of skin injury in patients. Several dose monitoring software like radiation dose monitor (RDM) were developed to estimate the patient skin dose (PSD) distribution in IR.

Purpose

This study benchmarked the accuracy of RDM software in estimating PSD as compared to GafChromic film baseline in‐vivo measurements on patients during cardiac, abdominal, and neurology IR procedures.

Methods

The prospective study conducted in four IR departments included 81 IR procedures (25 cardiac, 31 abdominal, and 25 neurology procedures) on three angiographic systems. PSD and field geometry were measured by placing GafChromic film under the patient's back. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the software estimation and film measurement results in terms of PSD and geometric accuracy.

Results

Median values of measured/calculated PSD were 1140/1005, 591/655.9, and 538/409.7 mGy for neurology, cardiac, and abdominal procedures, respectively. For all angiographic systems, the median (InterQuartile Range, IQR) difference between calculated and measured PSD was −10.2% (−21.8%–5.7%) for neurology, −4.5% (−19.5%–15.5%) for cardiac, and −21.9% (−38.7%–−3.6%) for abdominal IR procedures. These differences were not significant for all procedures (p > 0.05). Discrepancies increased up to −82% in lower dose regions where the measurement uncertainties are higher. Regarding the geometric accuracy, RDM correctly reproduced the skin dose map and estimated PSD area dimensions closely matched those registered on films with a median (IQR) difference of 0 cm (−1–0.8 cm).

Conclusions

RDM is proved to be a useful solution for the estimation of PSD and skin dose distribution during abdominal, cardiac and neurology IR procedures despite a geometry phantom which is not specific to the latter type of IR procedures.
An enriched virtual element method for 2D‐3C generalized membrane shell model on surface
Authors: Yang Qian , Shen Xiaoqin , Zhao Jikun , Cheng Yumin
Published: January 2024

Dealing with complex shell surfaces using the finite element method, we are often limited to simple geometric meshes such as triangles and quadrangles and have to refine the meshes to meet the calculation accuracy requirements, significantly increasing the calculation cost. The virtual element method (VEM), a new numerical method with high mesh flexibility, has been widely applied to many physical and mechanical problems. To the best of our knowledge, this method has yet to be studied for membrane shell models so far. In this paper, for the first time, we provide an enriched conforming VEM discrete scheme for the two‐dimensional three‐component (2D‐3C) generalized membrane shell (GMS) model proposed by Ciarlet et al. Furthermore, we prove the VEM discrete solution's existence and uniqueness for the GMS. Numerical experiments demonstrate that this discrete scheme is convergent and stable and can accurately represent the membrane stress state of conical, cylindrical, hyperbolical, and spherical shells clamped along a portion of their lateral faces. At the same time, we show the diversity of the grid subdivision. Thus, we develop the VEM for the GMS model successfully. In the future, we will continue to study the VEM for other shell models.
Dispensing pharmacy chains and direct anticoagulants: Potential associations with patient outcomes
Authors: Kozlowski Steven , Tworkoski Ellen , Dharmarajan Sai , Flowers Natasha , Kwist Andrew , Shangguan Shanlai , Chillarige Yoganand , Wernecke Michael , MaCurdy Tom , Kelman Jeffrey A. , Graham David J.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Pharmacy chains can differ with respect to the characteristics of their patient populations as well as their nonprescription products, services, and practices, and thus may serve as a surrogate for potential unmeasured confounding in observational studies of prescription drugs. This study evaluates whether a single‐source drug can have different patient outcomes based on the dispensing pharmacy chain.

Methods

Separate analyses for two anticoagulant drugs, rivaroxaban and apixaban, were conducted using Medicare Fee‐for‐Service claims evaluating the association between dispensing pharmacy chain and outcomes of acute myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, all‐cause mortality, and major GI bleeding. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to balance baseline covariates across pharmacy chain cohorts, and outcome association was assessed with a Cox Proportional Hazards model.

Results

We observed no differences in outcomes across pharmacy chains for apixaban recipients. Rivaroxaban recipients from pharmacy chain C, however, had lower rates of GI bleeding (adjusted HR 0.83; 95% CI 0.69–1.00) and ischemic stroke (adjusted HR 0.57; 95% CI 0.38–0.87) as compared to chain A in primary analyses with a 3‐day grace period. The results moved closer to the null when 14‐ and 30‐day grace periods were implemented.

Conclusions

These results suggest that dispensing pharmacy chains may have the potential to act as a confounder of associations between drug exposure and outcome in some observational studies. Additional studies of potential confounding by pharmacy chain are needed. Further evaluation of potential pharmacy chain effects on safe use would be of value.
Unveiling the mechanism of attaining high fill factor in silicon solar cells
Authors: Lin Hao , Wang Genshun , Su Qiao , Han Can , Xue Chaowei , Yin Shi , Fang Liang , Xu Xixiang , Gao Pingqi
Published: January 2024

A world record conversion efficiency of 26.81% has been achieved recently by LONGi team on a solar cell with industry‐grade silicon wafer (274 cm2, M6 size). An unparalleled high fill factor (FF) of up to 86.59% has also been certified in a separated device. The theoretical FF limit has been predicted to be 89.26%, while the practical FF is far below this limit for a prolonged interval due to the constraints of recombination (i.e., SRH recombination) and series resistance. The ideality factor (m) in the equivalent circuit of silicon solar cells is consistently ranging from 1 to 2 and rarely falls below 1, resulting in a relatively lower FF than 85%. Here, this work complements a systematic simulation study to demonstrate how to approach the FF limit in design of silicon solar cells. Firstly, a diode component with an ideality factor equal to 2/3 corresponding to Auger recombination is incorporated in the equivalent circuit for LONGi ultra‐high FF solar cell; Secondly, an advanced equivalent circuit is put forward for comprehensive analysis of bulk recombination and surface recombination on the performance, in which specific ideality factors are directly correlated with various recombination mechanisms exhibiting explicit reverse saturation current density (J0). Finally, we evaluate precisely the route for approaching theoretical FF in practical solar cell fabrication based on electrical design parameters using the developed model.
Plant‐derived compounds as potential leads for new drug development targeting COVID‐19
Authors: Liu Lingxiu , Kapralov Maxim , Ashton Mark
Published: January 2024

COVID‐19, which was first identified in 2019 in Wuhan, China, is a respiratory illness caused by a virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Although some patients infected with COVID‐19 can remain asymptomatic, most experience a range of symptoms that can be mild to severe. Common symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, loss of taste or smell and muscle aches. In severe cases, complications can arise including pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, organ failure and even death, particularly in older adults or individuals with underlying health conditions. Treatments for COVID‐19 include remdesivir, which has been authorised for emergency use in some countries, and dexamethasone, a corticosteroid used to reduce inflammation in severe cases. Biological drugs including monoclonal antibodies, such as casirivimab and imdevimab, have also been authorised for emergency use in certain situations. While these treatments have improved the outcome for many patients, there is still an urgent need for new treatments. Medicinal plants have long served as a valuable source of new drug leads and may serve as a valuable resource in the development of COVID‐19 treatments due to their broad‐spectrum antiviral activity. To date, various medicinal plant extracts have been studied for their cellular and molecular interactions, with some demonstrating anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 activity in vitro. This review explores the evaluation and potential therapeutic applications of these plants against SARS‐CoV‐2. This review summarises the latest evidence on the activity of different plant extracts and their isolated bioactive compounds against SARS‐CoV‐2, with a focus on the application of plant‐derived compounds in animal models and in human studies.
Simultaneous quantification of endogenous biomarkers and detection of testosterone esters in human serum using gas chromatography–high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Martínez_Brito Dayamín , Leogrande Patrizia , Jardines Daniel , de la Torre Xavier , Botrè Francesco
Published: January 2024

Rationale

High‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has been demonstrated to be an alternative platform for quantitative analyses, identifying unknown compounds and gathering information for the elucidation of chemical structures. This work describes a method to detect 13 esters of testosterone (T) and 5 biomarkers in 0.1 mL of human serum using gas chromatography (GC) coupled to HRMS.

Methods

Analytes were extracted from serum after deproteinization and liquid–liquid extraction. The trimethylsilyl derivatives were analyzed using a gas chromatograph coupled to HRMS at low electron energy to minimize molecule fragmentation. The acquisition in profiling full‐scan mode was applied with a resolving power of 30 000 at m/z 400. Linearity, lower limit of quantitation, and measurement uncertainty were assessed. Precision and accuracy were assessed at 0.5 and 2 ng/mL, respectively. Mass accuracy (MA) and mass extraction window (MEW) were also evaluated.

Results

T esters showed a linear response between 0.25 and 10 ng/mL (except for undecanoate, enanthate, and propionate that showed lineal responses between 0.5 and 10 ng/mL and isocaproate between 2 and 10 ng/mL); detection limits remained between 0.1 and 0.5 ng/mL and accuracy between 81% and 119%. The MA (MEW = 10 ppm) was maintained between −2.4 and 4.8 ppm. The biomarkers (T, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA], estradiol, and 17‐OH‐progesterone) showed a linear response within the evaluated range; quantification limits remained between 0.1 and 0.5 ng/mL (except for DHEA), the accuracy between 88% and 99%, and precision between 3.5% and 10.8%. Measurement uncertainties were found between 5.6% and 17.2%. MA (MEW = 3 ppm) was maintained between −0.47 and 0.12 ppm.

Conclusions

The method to detect T esters and five endogenous biomarkers in serum using GC coupled to HRMS showed linear responses up to 10 ng/mL with adequate precision, accuracy, and uncertainties. It was possible to distinguish cholesterol from T‐isocaproate based on the MEW of 10 ppm, preventing false positives. In addition, this method allows searching for other biomarkers and/or unknown metabolites and other ester forms not included here but at a later stage if necessary.
Chronic pulmonary Aspergillosis in a patient with poorly controlled diabetes: A case report and literatures review
Authors: Chuang Tzu‐I , Fu Pin‐Kuei
Published: January 2024

Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) often manifests in patients with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis and is typically characterized by recurrent hemoptysis, weight loss, and frequently coexists with poorly controlled diabetes. While weight gain is acknowledged as a valuable clinical marker for monitoring therapeutic responses in CPA, there is a scarcity of case reports exploring this aspect. Furthermore, the impact of stringent blood sugar management in diminishing CPA activity and preventing the recurrence of hemoptysis is also underreported. In this context, we present the case of a 64‐year‐old male who experienced massive hemoptysis. He had a background of uncontrolled diabetes and a history of fully treated pulmonary tuberculosis. Following therapeutic embolization, he was diagnosed with CPA that had transformed into invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) and underwent antifungal therapy for 9 months. Notably, we observed an inverse correlation between the patient's improved blood sugar control and weight gain with the serum IgG levels for Aspergillosis. This case highlights the potential benefits of non‐invasive monitoring of CPA activity and the identification of treatment responders through effective blood sugar management and weight gain.
Sustainability communications via sponsorship: Potential, characteristics and managerial challenges
Authors: Walzel Stefan , Dick Christopher , Brill Maximilian , Nowak Gerhard
Published: January 2024

Sustainability communications have become a key issue for organisations. While most studies have focused on sustainability reporting and green advertising, other communication tools such as sponsorship are under‐researched. The present study addresses this void by exploring the potential and identifying key characteristics and challenges of sustainable sponsorships, theoretically conceptualised as a social contract between sponsorship contractors and society. As such, it is the first to identify the potential and key characteristics of sponsorship for sustainability communications. The authors took an explorative, qualitative research approach, conducting 13 in‐depth interviews. The interviewees highlighted eight characteristics that determined sustainable sponsorships across all three sustainability dimensions. Sustainability was identified as a key driver in managing sponsorship effectively. In light of the study's findings, it is recommended that sponsors and sponsees should adapt their sponsorship management to incorporate sustainability. Measuring the outcome and success of sustainable sponsorships could be a subject for future research.
Poised for growth: Exploring the relationship between accelerator program design and startup performance
Authors: Assenova Valentina A. , Amit Raphael
Published: January 2024

Research Summary

Accelerator programs provide valuable market feedback and education to participants that may improve startup performance. However, it is unclear whether the average effect of accelerator participation on startup performance post acceleration is positive, and if so, how this effect varies with accelerator program design. We analyze data from 8580 startups that made it past the initial selection stage at 408 accelerators in 176 countries between 2013 and 2019. We compare accelerated and non‐accelerated startups and find a positive average effect of accelerator participation on startup performance post acceleration. Moreover, we find that this effect varies substantially with program design, and depends on venture stage, industry, and founder expertise. Our findings highlight the impact of program design on the benefits that startups derive from accelerator participation.

Managerial Summary

The purpose of this study is to determine whether participation in startup accelerator programs generally leads to improved startup performance post acceleration and how the benefits of participation might vary with the design of these programs. We analyze data from 8580 startups that applied to and passed the initial selection phase at 408 accelerators in 176 countries over multiple cohorts between 2013 and 2019. Our results indicate that on average, startups that participate in accelerators perform better than those that are also selected but not accelerated. Furthermore, we find that the benefits that startups gain from being accelerated vary with the design of the program. Our findings highlight the importance of accelerator program design in influencing the extent of improvement in startup performance post acceleration.
CRISPR/Cas gene editing and delivery systems for cancer therapy
Authors: Li Yingjie , Zhou Shiyao , Wu Qinjie , Gong Changyang
Published: January 2024

CRISPR/Cas systems stand out because of simplicity, efficiency, and other superiorities, thus becoming attractive and brilliant gene‐editing tools in biomedical field including cancer therapy. CRISPR/Cas systems bring promises for cancer therapy through manipulating and engineering on tumor cells or immune cells. However, there have been concerns about how to overcome the numerous physiological barriers and deliver CRISPR components to target cells efficiently and accurately. In this review, we introduced the mechanisms of CRISPR/Cas systems, summarized the current delivery strategies of CRISPR/Cas systems by physical methods, viral vectors, and nonviral vectors, and presented the current application of CRISPR/Cas systems in cancer clinical treatment. Furthermore, we discussed prospects related to delivery approaches of CRISPR/Cas systems.

This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Regular Ideals, Ideal Intersections, and Quotients
Authors: Brown Jonathan H. , Fuller Adam H. , Pitts David R. , Reznikoff Sarah A.
Published: January 2024

Let $$B \subseteq A$$

B
⊆
A

be an inclusion of $$C^*$$

C
∗

-algebras. We study the relationship between the regular ideals of B and regular ideals of A. We show that if $$B \subseteq A$$

B
⊆
A

is a regular $$C^*$$

C
∗

-inclusion and there is a faithful invariant conditional expectation from A onto B, then there is an isomorphism between the lattice of regular ideals of A and invariant regular ideals of B. We study properties of inclusions preserved under quotients by regular ideals. This includes showing that if $$D \subseteq A$$

D
⊆
A

is a Cartan inclusion and J is a regular ideal in A, then $$D/(J\cap D)$$

D
/
(
J
∩
D
)

is a Cartan subalgebra of A/J. We provide a description of regular ideals in the reduced crossed product of a C$$^*$$

∗

-algebra by a discrete group.
Virtuelle Realität in der Lehre mit psychisch kranken Patientenavataren
Authors: Mavrogiorgou Paraskevi , Böhme Pierre , Kramer Marco , Vanscheidt Simon , Schoppa Thomas , Hooge Vitalij , Lüdike Nico , Pfeiffer Thies , Juckel Georg
Published: January 2024

Hintergrund

Ärztliche Interaktions- und Explorationstechniken sind die wichtigsten Werkzeuge, die Medizinstudierende im Fach Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie zu erwerben haben. Die aktuell verfügbaren modernen digitalen Technologien wie Virtual Reality (VR) können als wichtige Ergänzungen zu einer Verbesserung der Vermittlung psychiatrisch-psychopathologischer Lerninhalte sowie Diagnosestellung beitragen.

Ziel der Arbeit

Evaluation des Bochumer Avatar-Explorationsprojektes (AVEX) im Rahmen des kurrikularen Kurses im Medizinstudium an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum auf dessen Möglichkeiten zur Vermittlung von Lerninhalten und Techniken der psychiatrischen Anamnese- und Befunderhebung.

Material und Methoden

Im AVEX konnten bislang insgesamt 87 Medizinstudierende des klinischen Studienabschnitts in den Dialog mit „psychisch kranken“ Avataren, also virtuellen Patienten und Patientinnen, treten und ihre Erfahrungen mit der VR-Technologie als Lern- und Lehrmethode im Fach Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie machen und mittels eines Fragebogens rückmelden.

Ergebnisse

Eine wesentliche Vermittlung von Lerninhalten hinsichtlich des psychopathologischen Befundes ist trotz eingeschränkter Interaktionsmöglichkeiten mit den digitalen Avataren erzielbar. Allerdings müssen die Studierenden hierbei gut durch die Dozierenden unterstützt und auch die technischen Möglichkeiten der Spracherkennung weiter verbessert werden.

Diskussion

Das Projekt AVEX zeigt bereits hoffnungsvolle Möglichkeiten zur Ergänzung der Lehre von Medizinstudierenden auf, auch wenn die Passung von Fragen und Antworten im Dialog mit den virtuellen Avataren noch verbessert werden muss. Da von Fortschritten bei der sprachlichen Vermittlung von Emotionen und den visuellen Effekten der Avatardarstellung auszugehen ist, wird der Stellenwert dieser Technik weiter zunehmen.
An economon model of drug addiction
Authors: Negus S. Stevens
Published: January 2024

The term “economon” (i:’ka.nə.muhn; plural: economa) is introduced here to describe an economic unit composed of two participants engaged in mutually reinforcing operant behavior. Economa are basic building blocks of transactional behavior that aggregate in social networks called economies. In a drug-addiction economon, operant behavior by one participant (the “supplier”) provides an addictive drug as a reinforcer to the second participant (a “Person with Substance Use Disorder; PwSUD”). Reciprocal operant behavior by the PwSUD usually provides money as a reinforcer to the supplier. After defining the features of the drug-addiction economon, this article discusses its implications for (1) prevalence and virulence of drug addiction, (2) opportunities for drug-addiction research in general, (3) the “brain-disease model of addiction” in particular, and (4) factors that mitigate harm or promote risk of drug addiction. The economon model is intended to provide a novel perspective on the uniquely human disorder of drug addiction.
Regulation of cellulase production via calcium signaling in Trichoderma reesei under PEG8000 stress
Authors: Liu Shuai , Quan Lin , Yang Mei , Wang Dan , Wang Yong-Zhong
Published: January 2024

In this study, the effect of polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG8000) stress on cellulase biosynthesis in Trichoderma reesei CICC2626 via calcium signaling was investigated, and a plausible mechanism by which intracellular Ca2+ regulates the transcription of cellulase genes was proposed. The results indicated that the total cellulase (filter paper-hydrolyzing activity [FPase]), endoglucanase (carboxymethyl cellulase activity [CMCase]), and β-glucosidase activities of the strain were 1.3-, 1.2-, and 1.3-fold higher than those of the control (no PEG8000 addition) at a final concentration of 1.5% (w/v) PEG8000. Moreover, the transcriptional levels of cellulase genes, protein concentrations, and biomass increased. With the synergistic use of commercial cellulase and T. reesei CICC2626 cellulase to hydrolyze alkali-pretreated rice straw, the released reducing sugar concentration reached 372.7 mg/g, and the cellulose content (22.7%, 0.32 g) was significantly lower than the initial content (62.5%, 1.88 g). Transcriptome data showed that 12 lignocellulose degradation–related genes were significantly upregulated in the presence of 1.5% PEG8000. Furthermore, the addition of Ca2+ inhibitors and deletion of crz1 (calcineurin-responsive zinc finger 1-encoding gene, which is related to the calcium signaling pathway) demonstrated that calcium signaling plays a dominant role in PEG8000-induced cellulase genes overexpression. These results revealed a link between PEG8000 induction and calcium signaling transduction in T. reesei CICC2626. Moreover, this study also provides a novel inducer for enhanced cellulase production.

Key points

• Cellulase biosynthesis in Trichoderma reesei could be enhanced by PEG8000

• PEG8000 could induce a cytosolic Ca2+ burst in Trichoderma reesei

• The activated calcium signaling was involved in cellulase biosynthesis

Graphical abstract
Interaction between water, crop residue and fertilization management on the source-differentiated nitrogen uptake by rice
Authors: Vitali Andrea , Russo Federica , Moretti Barbara , Romani Marco , Vidotto Francesco , Fogliatto Silvia , Celi Luisella , Said-Pullicino Daniel
Published: January 2024

Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) is an effective water-saving practice for rice cultivation that may however promote nitrogen (N) losses compared to continuous flooding (CF). The interaction between water, crop residue and N fertilization management can influence the contribution of different N sources to plant uptake. We hypothesized that microbial processes driving the source-differentiated N supply for rice uptake during the early growth stages will depend on the interaction between water management, the timing of straw incorporation with respect to flooding and the temporal distribution of mineral N application. Rice was grown for 60 days in mesocosm experiment involving a factorial design with (i) two water regimes (CF vs. AWD) and (ii) three straw and fertilizer managements, during which soil N, porewater chemistry, plant growth and N uptake were evaluated. Source partitioning of plant N between fertilizer-, straw- and soil-derived N was achieved by means of a dual-stable isotope 15N tracing approach. Although AWD reduced total N uptake by about 4–25% with respect to CF, this could only be partly attributed to a lower uptake of fertilizer-N (and lower fertilizer-N use efficiency), suggesting that other N sources were affected by water management. Our findings evidence how the interaction between soil redox conditions and the availability of labile C and inorganic N strongly determined the supply of soil-derived N through microbial feedback and priming responses. Although incorporated straw contributed only minimally to rice N, it represented the primary driver controlling plant N nutrition through these microbial responses. These insights may contribute to identify suitable fertilization practices that favour plant N uptake during the early stages of rice growth under AWD.
Pediatric sellar teratoma – Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Kürner Katja , Greuter Ladina , Roethlisberger Michel , Brand Yves , Frank Stephan , Guzman Raphael , Soleman Jehuda
Published: January 2024

Background

Intracranial teratoma represents a rare neoplasm, occurring predominantly during childhood. Characteristic symptoms depend on the location but are mainly hydrocephalus, visual disturbances, hypopituitarism, and diabetes insipidus. Initial diagnosis can be challenging due to similar radiological features in both teratomas and other lesions such as craniopharyngiomas. Gross total resection is recommended if feasible and associated with a good prognosis.

Case description

A 10-year-old girl presented with newly diagnosed growth retardation, fatigue, cephalgia and bilateral hemianopia. Further laboratory analysis confirmed central hypothyroidism and hypercortisolism. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed a cystic space-occupying lesion in the sellar and suprasellar compartment with compression of the optic chiasm without hydrocephalus present, suspicious of craniopharyngioma. Subsequently, an endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal near-total tumor resection with decompression of the optic chiasm was performed. During postoperative recovery the patient developed transient diabetes insipidus, the bilateral hemianopia remained unchanged. The patient could be discharged in a stable condition, while hormone replacement for multiple pituitary hormone deficiency was required. Surprisingly, histopathology revealed conspicuous areas of skin with formation of hairs and squamous epithelia, compatible with a mature teratoma.

Conclusions

We present an extremely rare case of pediatric sellar teratoma originating from the pituitary gland and a review of literature focusing on the variation in presentation and treatment. Sellar teratomas are often mistaken for craniopharyngioma due to their similar radiographic appearances. However, the primary goal of treatment for both pathologies is to decompress eloquent surrounding structures such as the optic tract, and if applicable, resolution of hydrocephalus while avoiding damage to the pituitary stalk and especially the hypothalamic structures. If feasible, the aim of surgery should be gross total resection.
Neurophysiological brain function predicts response to cognitive rehabilitation and mindfulness in multiple sclerosis: a randomized trial
Authors: Nauta Ilse M. , Kessels Roy P. C. , Bertens Dirk , Stam Cornelis J. , Strijbis Eva E. M. , Hillebrand Arjan , Fasotti Luciano , Uitdehaag Bernard M. J. , Hulst Hanneke E. , Speckens Anne E. M. , Schoonheim Menno M. , de Jong Brigit A.
Published: January 2024

Background

Cognitive treatment response varies highly in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Identification of mechanisms is essential for predicting response.

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate whether brain network function predicts response to cognitive rehabilitation therapy (CRT) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT).

Methods

PwMS with cognitive complaints completed CRT, MBCT, or enhanced treatment as usual (ETAU) and performed three measurements (baseline, post-treatment, 6-month follow-up). Baseline magnetoencephalography (MEG) measures were used to predict treatment effects on cognitive complaints, personalized cognitive goals, and information processing speed (IPS) using mixed models (secondary analysis REMIND-MS study).

Results

We included 105 PwMS (96 included in prediction analyses; 32 CRT, 31 MBCT, 33 ETAU), and 56 healthy controls with baseline MEG. MEG did not predict reductions in complaints. Higher connectivity predicted better goal achievement after MBCT (p = 0.010) and CRT (p = 0.018). Lower gamma power (p = 0.006) and higher connectivity (p = 0.020) predicted larger IPS benefits after MBCT. These MEG predictors indicated worse brain function compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Brain network function predicted better cognitive goal achievement after MBCT and CRT, and IPS improvements after MBCT. PwMS with neuronal slowing and hyperconnectivity were most prone to show treatment response, making network function a promising tool for personalized treatment recommendations.

Trial registration

The REMIND-MS study was prospectively registered in the Dutch Trial registry (NL6285; https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NTR6459).
Management of groin hernias in emergency setting: differences in indications and outcomes between laparoscopic and open approach. A single-center retrospective experience
Authors: Sbacco V. , Petrucciani N. , Lauteri G. , Cossa A. , Portinari M. , Brescia A. , Garulli G.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The use of minimally invasive groin hernia repair techniques in an emergency setting is still debated and its widespread is limited.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) technique in the treatment of inguinal and femoral hernias in emergency setting based on our experience, comparing indications and outcomes with the open technique.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed including all patients with incarcerated and/or strangulated groin hernia who underwent emergency surgery from November 2019 to September 2022.

Perioperative variables and short- and long-term outcomes were examined.

Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square test for nominal variables and Student’s t test for continuous ones. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Sixty-six patients were included: 29 patients were treated with TAPP technique (Tapp group) and 37 with open technique plus diagnostic laparoscopy (Open group). Patients in the TAPP group were younger, had less severe clinical scenarios, and had a trend for lower Charlson Comorbidity Index, whereas ASA score and BMI were similar. The small bowel was more frequently herniated in the open group.

Bilateral hernia repair was performed in 20.69% of patients in the Tapp group versus 0% in the Open group (p = 0.004). Bowel resection was more frequent in the open group (48.65% vs 0% of the Tapp group, p < 0.001) length of surgery was comparable in the two groups. In the Tapp group, the length of hospitalization was significantly shorter (2.59 ± 2.28 days vs. 9.08 ± 14.48 days; p = 0.023).

Postoperative complications, according to Clavien-Dindo, were more severe in Open group where there were two deaths. There were no differences in the number of readmission and re-operations at 30 days and in the recurrence rate.

Conclusions

Emergency repair of inguinal and femoral hernias using TAPP is a valuable option, safe and feasible in selected patients. In this series, indications for TAPP were reserved to younger patients with less comorbidities and less severe clinical scenario. Future randomized studies are needed to compare TAPP with open emergency hernia surgery in all settings. Potential advantages of TAPP are the reduction of postoperative complications, earlier recovery, and the possibility of bilateral treatment.
Histopronostic factors in superficial colorectal adenocarcinomas treated by endoscopy: reproducibility and impact of immunohistochemistry and digital pathology
Authors: Pontarollo Guillaume , Bonjour Maxime , Walter Thomas , Pioche Mathieu , Lavrut Pierre-Marie , Rabeyrin Maud , Hervieu Valérie , Fenouil Tanguy
Published: January 2024

Endoscopic dissection is the first-choice treatment for superficial pT1 colorectal adenocarcinoma (sCRC). Complementary surgery decision is influenced by histopronostic factors. Prognostic significance and reproducibility of each factor are not well established. The role of immunohistochemistry (IHC) and digital pathology in this context is unknown. Our aims were (1) to evaluate each histopronostic factor reproducibility comparing HES and IHC ± digital pathology and (2) to evaluate how the different techniques would affect indications for additional surgery. We performed a single-centre retrospective study of 98 patients treated between 2010 and 2019 in Hospices Civils de Lyon, France. We analyzed physical or digital slides of HES and keratin/desmin immunostaining of 98 sCRC dissection specimens. Three pathologists evaluate the histopronostic factors including submucosal invasion depth (SMI) measured using different recommended methods. Assessment of SMI with Ueno or JSCCR methods showed good to excellent interobserver reproducibility (IOR) (ICCs of 0.858 to 0.925) using HES staining and IHC. Assessment of budding on HES sections was poorly reproducible compared to IHC which exhibit moderate IOR (κ = 0.714). IHC increased high-grade budding detection. For lymphovascular invasion and poor differentiation, the IOR was poor (κ = 0.141, 0.196 and 0.313 respectively). IHC gave a better reproducibility for further treatment indication according to JSCCR criteria (κ = 0.763) or forthcoming European guidelines (κ = 0.659). Digital pathology was equivalent to the microscope for all analyses. Histopronostic factor reproducibility in sCRC is moderate. Immunohistochemistry may facilitate the evaluation of certain criteria and improve the reproducibility of treatment decisions.
Application of the Global Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis to assess the importance of deadwood characteristics for forest biodiversity
Authors: Mazziotta Adriano , Kangas Annika , De Pellegrin Llorente Irene , Tikkanen Olli-Pekka , Eyvindson Kyle
Published: January 2024

Data acquisition for sustainable forest management has focused on obtaining high quality information to estimate biomass. Improving the quality of non-timber sustainability indicators, like deadwood volume, has been a minor interest. To explore how inventory approaches could be improved, we applied a Global Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis (GUSA) to evaluate which factors propagate more errors in deadwood modelling and how better data collection can minimize them. The impact of uncertainty on deadwood characteristics (diameter, collapse ratio, decay class, tree species, and position) was explored under stakeholders´ preferences, management actions, and climate change scenarios. GUSA showed that removing the prediction error in deadwood tree species and diameter would alter the most the total uncertainty in deadwood volume. We found that assessment of high deadwood volume was less uncertain for the scenarios where small deadwood items were left decaying on the forest floor (BAU) and for high-end climate change scenario (RCP8.5) which resulted in lower deadwood accumulation in forest stands and therefore also in lower likelihood of erroneous estimates. Reduced uncertainty in tree species and diameter class will elevate the certainty of deadwood volume to a similar level achieved in living biomass estimation. Our uncertainty and sensitivity analysis was successful in ranking factors propagating errors in estimate of deadwood and identified a strategy to minimize uncertainty in predicting deadwood characteristics. The estimation of uncertainty in deadwood levels under the scenarios developed in our study can help decision makers to evaluate risk of decreasing deadwood value for biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation.
From Diverse Perspectives to Unified Strategies: European University Alliances and the Development of Adaptable Science Communication Concepts
Authors: Herrmann Vanessa J. , Heimer Annabell , Eichentopf Inga-Maria , Süß Gunter
Published: January 2024

Communicating scientific subjects to non-academic, non-specialist, or very young audiences using various event formats (lecture series, panel discussions, science slams, Children’s Universities, Citizen Universities, etc.) is a key aspect of science communication. In the EURECA-PRO University Alliance, the implementation of these kinds of formats will be given greater focus at all institutions to make significant topics accessible in ways that go beyond the institutional walls of the universities.

To this end, approaches are being developed and tested to identify and reduce existing hurdles for the public. At the same time, in an international structure such as EURECA-PRO, it is essential to know individual frameworks to ensure that measures promoting a uniform strategy can be implemented by everyone.

In order to develop adaptable strategies for universities with different thematic focuses and locations in Europe, certain conditions for success must be identified and considered. In addition to the needs and resources of target groups, the requirements, and opportunities of the universities—as dictated by their respective circumstances—must also be considered. Using the examples of the EURECA-PRO partners Technical University of Crete in Chania (TUC), Silesian University of Technology in Gliwice (SUT), and Montanuniversität Leoben (MUL), challenges and results will be discussed.
Prähospitale Diagnostik und Therapie des akuten Schlaganfalls
Authors: Berberich Anne , Podasca Claudia , Urbanek Christian , Nagel Simon , Purrucker Jan
Published: January 2024

Schlaganfälle gehören zu den häufigsten Erkrankungen in Deutschland und machen einen großen Anteil der Rettungsdiensteinsätze aus. Aufgrund der hochgradig zeitkritischen Erkrankung sind eine zeiteffektive prähospitale Erkennung des Schlaganfalls, die Therapie akuter ABC-Probleme (ABC „airway, breathing, circulation“/Atemweg, Atmung, Kreislauf) und die schnelle Klinikzuweisung sehr wichtig. Eine kausale Therapie wird prähospital nicht begonnen. Durch die Einführung der endovaskulären Therapie, die nach neuester Studienlage für geeignete Patienten in einem Zeitfenster bis zu 24 h infrage kommt, ist die Klinikzuweisung komplexer geworden. Zur präzisen Zuteilung der Patienten sind eine genaue Voranmeldung, die idealerweise die Abschätzung der Schlaganfallschwere beinhaltet, und eine gute Koordination von Leitstelle, Rettungspersonal und Klinikärzten notwendig. Zukünftige Optimierungsmöglichkeiten der prähospitalen Schlaganfallversorgung bestehen in der Etablierung klarer Zuweisungskonzepte und neurologischer Telenotärzte.
Analysis of alkali-activated mineral wool-slag binders: evaluating the differences between one-part and two-part variations
Authors: Adesanya Elijah , Dabbebi Rawia , Rößler Christine , Pavlin Majda , Li Zhenming , Luukkonen Tero , Yliniemi Juho , Illikainen Mirja
Published: January 2024

Two synthesis pathways (one- and two-part) in alkali-activated binders were compared using ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), mineral wool (MW) activated using dry and liquid alkali activators with similar Na2O/SiO2 modulus. The effect of activator type on reaction kinetics, strength development, setting times, and durability shows that one-part synthesis does not only improve early strength, but also provide better durability properties. While the highest compressive strength (56 MPa, 90 days) was achieved for the one-part mix (DM), the reaction products (presence of Mg–Al layered double hydroxide and C–S–H-like phases) observed for both mortar mixes were similar. The DM mortars showed better resistance to sulfate attack than two-part mix (WM) mortars and sets faster. The results highlight the significance of the one-part pathways in the synthesis of alkali-activated materials.
Mixed Averaging Procedures
Authors: Errante Michele , Klein Markus , Ferrero Andrea , Larocca Francesco , Scovazzi Guglielmo , Germano Massimo
Published: January 2024

Thestatisticaloperators typically applied in postprocessing numerical databases for statistically steady turbulence are a mixture of physical averages in homogeneous spatial directions and in time. Alternative averaging operators may involve phase or ensemble averages over different simulations of the same flow. In this paper, we propose straightforward metrics to assess the relative importance of these averages, employing a mixed averaging analysis of the variance. We apply our novel indicators to two statistically steady turbulent flows that are homogeneous in the spanwise direction. In addition, this study highlights the local effectiveness of the averaging operator, which can vary significantly depending on the mean flow velocity and turbulent length scales. The work can be utilized to identify the most effective averaging procedure in flow configurations featuring at least two homogeneous directions. Thus, this will contribute to achieving better statistics for turbulent flow predictions or reducing computing time.
Effect of metformin and lifestyle intervention on adipokines and hormones in breast cancer survivors: a pooled analysis from two randomized controlled trials
Authors: Johansson Harriet , Bellerba Federica , Macis Debora , Bertelsen Bjørn-Erik , Guerrieri-Gonzaga Aliana , Aristarco Valentina , Viste Kristin , Mellgren Gunnar , Di Cola Giulia , Costantino Jemos , Scalbert Augustin , Sears Dorothy D. , Gandini Sara , DeCensi Andrea , Bonanni Bernardo
Published: January 2024

Purpose

We investigated the effect of metformin and lifestyle intervention on metabolic, inflammatory, and steroid biomarkers of breast cancer (BC) recurrence risk in two intervention trials among BC survivors with overweight or obesity.

Methods

Baseline and follow-up serum samples collected during the two trials were analyzed and data pooled. The USA trial (Reach for Health) included postmenopausal BC survivors (n = 333) randomly assigned to 6-month metformin vs placebo and lifestyle intervention (LSI) vs control (2 × 2 factorial design). The Italian trial (MetBreCS) included BC survivors (n = 40) randomized to 12-month metformin vs placebo. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), adipokines, cytokines, and steroids were measured.

Results

Metformin compared to placebo showed a favorable decrease in leptin (− 8.8 vs − 3.5 ng/mL; p < 0.01) and HOMA-IR (− 0.48 vs − 0.25; p = 0.03), and an increase in SHBG (2.80 vs 1.45 nmol/L; p < 0.01). Excluding women taking aromatase inhibitors, metformin (n = 84) compared to placebo (n = 99) decreased estradiol (− 4 vs 0 pmol/L; p < 0.01), estrone (− 8 vs 2 pmol/L; p < 0.01) and testosterone (− 0.1 vs 0 nmol/L-; p = 0.02). LSI favorably affected adiponectin (0.45 vs − 0.06 ug/mL; p < 0.01), leptin (− 10.5 vs − 4.4 ng/mL; p < 0.01), HOMA-IR (− 0.6 vs 0.2; p = 0.03), and SHBG (2.7 vs 1.1 nMol/L; p = 0.04) compared to controls. The strongest impact was observed combining metformin with LSI on adipokines, CRP, SHBG, and estrogens.

Conclusions

Supportive healthy lifestyle programs combined with metformin to achieve maximal risk reduction among BC cancer survivors are recommended, especially for those with obesity in menopause.