bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polyetheramine as swelling‐inhibitor for expansive soil: Performance and mechanism
Authors: Hu Haixiang , Qiu Yu , Lu Zheng , Tang Chuxuan , Yao Hailin , Cheng Ming
Published: September 2021

The logical coherence macro–micro experiments about the anti‐swelling performance of polyetheramine‐230 (PEA‐230) on expansive natural soil are presented in this paper. Further, the expansion of the soil in the solution and water system is considered. Great significance in treating the expansive soil broadens the applied range of polyetheramine‐230. The mechanism is assessed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) in the state of wet and dry montmorillonite (Mt), XRD of dry clay extracts from the soil, zeta potential measurement, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The results prove the significant effect of controlling the expansion of expansive soil. PEA‐230 strongly adsorbs on the surface of soil particles and intercalates into the layer structure. Further, the PEA‐230/soil hybrids can be judged as usable engineering soil with low expansion characteristics. Additionally, the concentration of PEA‐230 controls the treatment effect, and 1 wt% PEA‐230 is a proper concentration to treat the expansive soil. In particular, PEA‐230 has excellent characteristics such as small molecular weight, good water solubility, and good stability. Thus PEA‐230 can be regarded as a great agent to treat in‐situ expansive soil.
Large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) measurements as a promising tool to predict electrospinnability of pectin solutions
Authors: Ozmen Duygu , Akinalan Balik Busra , Argin Sanem , Yildirim‐Mavis Cigdem , Toker Omer Said
Published: September 2021

The response of the polymer solution to % strain is critical since the polymer solution is drawn by the electrical field during electrospinning process. To date, all studies relating electrospinning to rheological parameters have been conducted in the linear region where small strain values are applied to the polymer solutions. This is the first study attempting to correlate the behavior of the solutions in the nonlinear region with smooth nanofiber formation. For this aim, fiber forming solutions were prepared with pectin at different concentrations (3%, 4%, 5%, and 6%) and PEO with different molecular weights (600, 1000, and 2000 kDa). Deformation was applied in the range of 0.05% and 500% and normalized Lissajous curves were obtained. Both elastic and viscous curves confirmed one another, suggesting a profound contribution of PEO 2000 to the elasticity of the polymer solution at all pectin concentrations even at large strain values. This finding might explain why smooth fibers can only be achieved with PEO 2000 while only beaded fibers were formed with PEO 600 and PEO 1000. The results suggest that LAOS measurements might be used as a promising tool to predict whether a polymer solution can be electrospun into smooth nanofibers.
Integration between the cranial boundaries of the nasopharynx and the upper cervical vertebrae in Homo and Pan
Authors: Villamil Catalina Isabel , Santiago‐Nazario Alejandro
Published: September 2021

The nasopharynx is an important anatomical structure involved in respiration. Its bony boundaries, including the basicranium and upper cervical vertebrae, may be subject to selective pressures and constraints related to respiratory function. Here, we investigate phenotypic integration, or covariation, between the face, the basicranial boundaries of the nasopharynx, and the atlas and axis to understand constraints affecting these structures. We collected three‐dimensional coordinate data from a sample of 80 humans and 44 chimpanzees, and used two‐block partial least squares to assess RV (a multivariate generalization of Pearson's r2), rPLS, the covariance ratio, and effect size for integration among structures. We find that integration is significant among some of these structures, and that integration between the basicranial nasopharynx and vertebrae and between the face and vertebrae is likely independent. We also find divergences in the pattern of integration between humans and chimpanzees suggesting greater constraints among the human face and nasopharynx, which we suggest are linked to divergent developmental trajectories in the two taxa. Evolutionary changes in human basicranial anatomy, coupled with human‐like developmental trajectories, may have required that the face grow to compensate any variation in nasopharyngeal structure. However, we were unable to determine whether the nasopharynx or the face is more strongly integrated with the vertebrae, and therefore whether respiration or biomechanical considerations related to positional behavior may be more strongly tied to vertebral evolution. Future work should focus on greater sample sizes, soft tissue structures, and more diverse taxa to further clarify these findings.
A review of the rock art of Palau, Micronesia in local and regional contexts
Authors: LISTON JOLIE , HOERMAN RACHEL , SASAO MACSTYL O. , KLOULUBAK SYLVIA
Published: September 2021

The style and iconography of the ten rock art sites known so far in Palau, Micronesia, including two newly discovered rock painting sites, are described and linked to their geographic locations, archaeological associations, oral traditions and local iconographies. Following a brief review of rock art in Micronesia and parts of Island Southeast Asia and New Guinea, Palau's eight rock painting sites and two rock engraving sites are regionally contextualized. We found no apparent relationships with rock art elsewhere in Micronesia but stylistic similarities with eastern Indonesia and West Papua painting traditions are clear. This may suggest the Palau paintings were created early in the archipelago's cultural sequence. Palau's rock paintings are clearly within the Austronesian painting tradition while the single well‐recorded carving site does not conform with the Austronesian engraving style. Palau's rock art is also closely aligned to the Oceanic Rock Art Tradition.
Einfluss exzentrischer Belastungen auf das Tragverhalten von Einzelfundamenten
Authors: Ungermann Jan , Schmidt Philipp , Hegger Josef
Published: September 2021

Während das Durchstanzen zentrisch belasteter Einzelfundamente bereits häufig untersucht wurde, liegen zu den in der Praxis vorwiegend auftretenden Fundamenten mit exzentrischen Belastungen nur wenige Untersuchungen vor. Um diese Wissenslücke zu schließen, wurden vierzehn exzentrisch belastete und vier zentrisch belastete Durchstanzversuche unter Einsatz eines neu entwickelten Hydrauliksystems durchgeführt. Die einaxialen und zweiaxialen Lastausmitten wurden systematisch abgestuft, um die Auswirkungen der Lastexzentrizität in Verbindung mit weiteren Einflüssen wie unterschiedlicher Schubschlankheit, Stützengeometrie und ‐größe zu analysieren. Die experimentellen Untersuchungen an Stahlbetonfundamenten im Realmaßstab belegen den signifikanten Einfluss der Lastexzentrizitäten sowohl auf die Durchstanztragfähigkeit als auch auf das Tragverhalten. Infolge der exzentrischen Belastungen nehmen die Verformungen und die Änderung der Plattendicke deutlich zu und führen sowohl zu einer Verschiebung der Rissbildung in die höherbelastete Fundamenthälfte als auch zu einer unvollständigen Ausbildung des Durchstanzkegels. Der abschließende Vergleich der Versuchsergebnisse mit den Normansätzen nach EC2+NA(D) und aktuellem Entwurf des EC2 der nächsten Generation bestätigt einen höheren Einfluss der Lastexzentrizität bei größerer Schlankheit und lässt erkennen, dass die Bewertung des β‐Faktors nicht unabhängig vom Ausgangspunkt des Grundwerts für das zentrische Durchstanzen erfolgen kann.
Planning can prevent exertion‐related sudden deaths
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: September 2021

Any student‐athlete death is a tragedy, but it's even worse if your athletics department failed to take preventive steps.
Synthesis and Anti‐Proliferation Activity Evaluation of Novel 2‐Chloroquinazoline as Potential EGFR‐TK Inhibitors
Authors: Zheng Quan , Xu Xuan‐Bo , Jin Hao , Zhang Wen , Rao Guo‐Wu
Published: September 2021

A novel series of 2‐chloroquinazoline derivatives had been synthesized and their anti‐proliferation activities against the four EGFR high‐expressing cells A549, NCI‐H1975, AGS and HepG2 cell lines were evaluated. The preliminary SAR study of the scaffold of new compounds showed that the compounds with a chlorine substituent on R3 had a better anti‐proliferation activity than those substituted by hydrogen atom or vinyl group. Among them, 2‐chloro‐N‐[2‐chloro‐4‐(3‐chloro‐4‐fluoroanilino)quinazolin‐6‐yl]acetamide (10b) had the best activity, and the corresponding IC50 were 3.68, 10.06, 1.73 and 2.04 μM, respectively. And compound 10b had better or equivalent activity against four cell lines than Gefitinib. The activity of the compound 10b on the EGFR enzyme was subsequently tested. The Wound Healing of A549, AGS and HepG2 cells by this compound showed that the compound can inhibit the migration of cancer cells. Finally, the action channel of the compound 10b was supported by western blotting experiments. It provides useful information for the design of EGFR‐TK inhibitors.
Impaired glucose tolerance with neurological manifestations in insulinoma
Authors: Villanueva‐Rodríguez Luis Geraldine , Reza‐Albarrán Alfredo Adolfo , Cárdenas Enrique , Ángeles Arturo , Lester Jacobo
Published: September 2021

Insulinoma may have an atypical presentation and it should be suspected in patients with neurological manifestations in spite of an atypical insulin and proinsulin levels associated with hypoglycemia. Fast test is an important tool to reach the diagnosis.
Unusual presentation of a five‐month‐old boy with NaPi2a homozygous mutation without hyperphosphaturia: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Yakubov Renata , Ayman Asaly , Klein Kremer Adi , Bael An , van den Akker Machiel
Published: September 2021

Deletions of the NaPi2a gene and mutations in the SLC34A gene should be considered in patients with atypical presentation, without phosphaturia, with mild hypo to normal phosphatemia, and nephrocalcinosis.
Orbital compression syndrome in a Ugandan child with sickle cell disease: A case report
Authors: Olum Ronald , Nabaggala Catherine , Mwebe Victoria Katasi , Namazzi Ruth , Munube Deogratias , Kitaka Sabrina Bakeera
Published: September 2021

Orbital compression syndrome is a rare acute complication of sickle cell disease that may impair vision. Assessment by a multidisciplinary team incorporates detailed history and physical examination, fundoscopy, and appropriate imaging to exclude infections or neoplasms. Supportive treatment is adequate unless there is evidence of life‐threatening space‐occupying lesion warranting surgery.
Systematic extended posterior right sectionectomy with simultaneous resection of the dorsal part of segment 1 and middle hepatic vein detachment
Authors: Burlaka Anton Anatoliyovych , Gogo‐Abite Awofaa , Paliichuk Ariadna V. , Makhmudov Dmytro E. , Zvirych Vitalii V. , Lukashenko Andrii V.
Published: September 2021

Parenchymal sparing surgery should be the strategy of choice for patients with bilobar liver metastases and lesions within the central liver sites.
Overall of kidney transplant recipients with a pretransplantation cancer history
Authors: Chargui Soumaya , Braiek Nesrine , Bacha Mohamed Mongi , Harzallah Amel , Hedri Hafedh , Ouinissi Mondher , Abderrahim Ezzeddine
Published: September 2021

No significant morbidity from recurrence cancer and no development of secondary type of cancers in pre‐existing malignancies. We must be careful about risk of rejection.
Ominous combination: COVID‐19 disease and Candida auris fungemia—Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Goravey Wael , Ali Gawahir A. , Ali Masia , Ibrahim Emad B. , Al Maslamani Muna , Abdel Hadi Hamad
Published: September 2021

The identification of Candida auris fungemia in critically ill COVID‐19 patients is detrimental, with huge implications on patient mortality and infectious control measures.
Evaluation of incorporated phosphorus fertilizer recommendations on no‐till managed winter wheat
Authors: Reed Vaughn , Watkins Patrick , Souza Joao , Arnall Brian
Published: September 2021

The current Oklahoma State University Soil, Water, and Forage Analytical Laboratory (OSU) phosphorus (P) recommendations were developed for conventional tillage systems with P fertilizer incorporated in the soil. The rate recommendations were based on a sufficiency approach, and included a pH adjustment factor. Increased adoption of no‐till (NT) management across the region has resulted in more surface application of fertilizer, without concomitant changes in OSU recommendations. In the 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 growing seasons, nine on‐farm trials were conducted in north‐central Oklahoma to evaluate current winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) P recommendations, and grain yield responses to fertilizer in both P‐sufficient and P‐deficient soils, and acidic or non‐acidic conditions. Phosphorus fertilizer was recommended for eight of the nine locations, while responses were recorded at only five of those eight locations. The results indicate that OSU P recommendations, with a soil acidity adjustment factor, did not limit winter wheat grain yields in NT management. In addition, the application of 30 lb acre–1 P2O5 offset the effects of soil acidity on P uptake regardless of the degree of acidity. Finally, OSU recommended P on some locations where there was no response, suggesting more work is needed to understand crop response dynamics and build recommendations with increased location specificity.
Aus der Krise für die Zeit ohne Krise lernen – wie agiles Vorgehen uns in Zukunft helfen kann…
Authors: Paulus Gerd , Jeggle Christoph , Meuten Markus
Published: September 2021

Agilität bedeutet aktiv agieren und dabei das Wissen aller Beteiligten zur Optimierung einzubeziehen. Um Prozesse in agiler Vorgehensweise zu verbessern, ist eine Veränderung in inkrementellen Schritten geeignet. Bereits während des Projektverlaufs wird das Optimierungspotenzial erkannt und kann schrittweise umgesetzt werden. Am Beispiel eines Data Warehouse der Pharmaindustrie wird Aufwand und Nutzen gegenübergestellt.
Multiphysikmodellierung in der Biopharmaindustrie
Authors: Conrad Zack
Published: September 2021

Ein führendes multinationales biopharmazeutisches Unternehmen, nutzt multiphysikalische Simulations‐Apps um Prozesse zu rationalisieren, Arbeitsabläufe zu verbessern und die Sicherheit und Wirksamkeit von Arzneimitteln zu gewährleisten. Am Beispiel von Trocknungsprozessen, die zu einem Engpass in der Herstellung einer Arzneimittelsubstanz hätten werden können, wird dargestellt, wie sich mithilfe der Simulations‐App die Trocknungsvorgänge optimieren ließen.
Extrusion von Batteriemassen
Authors: Lorenzoni Anselm
Published: September 2021

Das Maschinenbauunternehmen Coperion mit Sitz in Stuttgart unterstützt als Projektpartner die Technische Universität Braunschweig bei der Erforschung smarter Produktionslösungen in der Extrusion von Batteriemassen. Ziel des DaLion 4.0‐Projekts (Data‐Mining als Basis cyber‐physischer Systeme in der Lithium‐Ionen‐Batteriezellproduktion) ist es, neue Industrie 4.0‐Ansätze für die Produktion von Lithium‐Ionen‐Batterien zu entwickeln und die Erkenntnisse für eine effizientere Herstellung nutzen zu können.
Flow‐Chemistry‐Anlage im World‐Scale Maßstab umgesetzt
Authors: Raffa Carmine , Kaaden Anne
Published: September 2021

Nach einer anfänglichen Euphorie stagnierte der Einsatz der Mikroreaktionstechnik, doch nun ist sie auf dem Weg, sich in der Produktion zu etablieren. In China wird derzeit eine World‐Scale‐Anlage aufgebaut, die die Miprowa‐Technologie von Ehrfeld Mikrotechnik nutzt.
Neue Pflichten für Verpackungen
Authors: Reuter Kristin
Published: September 2021

Auf die Inverkehrbringer von industriellen Verpackungen kommen einige neue Pflichten wie z.B. erweiterte Registrierungs‐ und Nachweispflichten zu. Hintergrund ist die Novelle des Verpackungsgesetzes (VerpackG), das in seiner neuen Fassung grundsätzlich ab dem 03. Juli 2021 gültig ist. Das Datum des Inkrafttretens der Anforderungen liegt z.T. erst nach dem 03. Juli 2021. Der Verband der Chemischen Industrie hat einen Leitfaden für industrielle Verpackungen verfasst und eine unverbindliche Praxisempfehlung zur Novelle des Verpackungsgesetzes ausgesprochen.
Automatisierte Fass‐Etikettierung
Authors: Aufdermauer Antoinette
Published: September 2021

An ihrem Standort in Lampertheim stellt die BASF Additive für Kunststoffe her. Bei der Kennzeichnung der Behälter setzt das Chemieunternehmen Anlagen von Bluhm Systeme ein. Herausforderungen waren die Automatisierung der Verpackungsprozesse sowie das Aufbringen individueller Druckdaten mit einem scharfen Druckbild. Außerdem war sicherzustellen, dass die Etiketten blasenfrei aufgebracht sind.
How to establish a coordinated supervisory mechanism of internet finance companies in China?
Authors: Zhang Zhiyuan , Song Yang , Sahut Jean‐Michel , Hong Pan
Published: September 2021

This paper aims to explore how local government can be involved in regulating the digital innovations of internet finance companies in China. Game models were used to study the behaviors between internet finance companies and local government, and between local government and central regulatory agencies. The following phenomena were observed: in a static game, internet finance companies will tend to choose high‐risk innovation activities, while local government can effectively prevent the high risks inherent to innovation by participating in supervision. In a dynamic game, internet finance companies will take rent‐seeking approaches to evade punishment, which lower the likelihood of local government supervision. From these results we can propose policy implications for regulating digital innovation of internet finance companies.
Synthesis, Characterization of Rare‐Earth Metal Chlorides Bearing Indolyl‐Based NCN Pincer Ligand and Their Catalytic Activity toward 1,4‐cis Polymerization of Isoprene
Authors: Huang Zeming , Wang Shaowu , Zhu Xiancui , Wei Yun , Yuan Qingbing , Zhou Shuangliu , Mu Xiaolong , Wang Hua
Published: September 2021

Main observation and conclusion

A novel indolyl‐based NCN pincer ligand precursor HL (HL = (1‐(2‐(CH2)4NCH2CH2)‐3‐(2,6‐iPr2C6H3N=CH)C8H5N)) was rationally and precisely designed, and successfully prepared in a high yield. Lithiation of HL with nBuLi in n‐hexane, followed by treatment with RECl3 in THF led to the isolation of rare‐earth metal chlorides in monomeric form (κ3‐L)RECl2(THF) (RE = Sc(2), Yb(3)), and dimeric form [(κ3‐L)RECl(THF)(μ‐Cl)]2 (RE = Er(4), Y(5)) bearing the novel indolyl‐based NCN pincer ligand in designed pincer ligation depending on different metal ionic radii; and the chloride bridged rare‐earth metal and lithium mixed complexes in form (κ2‐L)2RE(μ‐Cl)2Li(THF)2 (RE = Y(6), Dy(7). All complexes were fully characterized and their structures were determined. The diamagnetic complexes 2, 5 and 6 were furtherly characterized by the NMR spectroscopic method. The catalytic activity studies revealed that the central metal ions, borates, aluminum alkyls, and ligation of the central metal ions have influences on catalytic activity, and regio‐ and stereoselectivity for the polymerization of isoprene. With cooperation of the cocatalysts, the pincer‐type yttrium chloride 5 initiated the isoprene polymerization with a high activity producing polymers with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity (1,4‐cis polymers up to 99.6%), and the Mn as high as 8.76 × 105.
Color preference and contributing factors of urban architecture based on the selection of color samples—Case study: Shanghai
Authors: Gou Aiping , Shi Binli , Wang Jiangbo , Wang Hongwei
Published: September 2021

The research on citizens' color preference is an important prerequisite for the scientific formulation of urban color planning. Color preferences are normally identified over the Internet or through questionnaire surveys and adjective descriptions. But the analysis has its limitations due to the uncertainty of color descriptions. Based on the quantitative analysis of the three attributes of hue, blackness, and chromaticness, this article obtains the inherent law of color preference of citizens, and compares it with the results of color adjective preference done by our research group before, which can supplement the accuracy of adjective description, so as to provide a reference for the color positioning of urban color planning. This article obtains the three attributes of color samples chosen by the public in the form of questionnaires as well as color sample selections. Among which 36 representative sites in Shanghai were selected according to the six types of land use. Adopting a more detailed method of dividing nine color series, viz. yellow (Y), red‐yellow (YR), red (R), red‐blue (RB), blue (B), blue‐green (BG), green (G), green‐yellow (GY), and the neutrals (WS). Moreover, chi‐square test and multiple logistic regression model were used to analyze the color preference factors and explore the relationship between citizen attributes and the three attributes of color sample selection. Research findings are as follows: (a) The citizens' favorite colors of urban architecture center round red, high whiteness, and mid‐low chromaticness. (b) The main factors that influence citizens' hue preference include gender, age, and monthly income; the main factors that influence citizens' blackness preference include: questionnaire distribution points, the frequency of coming to Shanghai, and whether to go abroad; gender and age are the main factors that affect citizens' chromaticness preference. (c) Compared with the previous studies on adjective selection among citizens, it is found that the effect of gender, age, monthly income, and educational background on color preference is similar; differences are in the occupational types, frequency of coming to Shanghai, and whether travels abroad.
Multilevel authentication protocol for enabling secure communication in Internet of Things
Authors: Singh Khushal , Singh Nanhay
Published: September 2021

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the domain of interest for researchers with exponential growth in technology. This article develops an authentication protocol based on the Chebyshev polynomial, hashing function, session password, and encryption. The proposed authentication protocol is named as proposed Elliptic, Chebyshev, Session password, and Hash function (ECSH)‐based multilevel authentication. For authenticating the incoming user, there are two phases, registration and authentication. In the registration phase, the user is registered with the server and authentication center (AC), and the authentication follows, which is an eight‐step criterion. The authentication is duly based on the scale factor of the user and server, session password, and verification messages. The authentication at the eight levels assures the security against various types of attacks and renders secure communication in IoT with minimal communication overhead and packet loss. The performance is analyzed using black‐hole, and denial‐of‐service (DOS) attacks with 50 and 100 nodes in the simulation environment. The proposed ECSH‐based multilevel authentication acquired the maximal detection rate, PDR, and QoS of 15.2%, 35.7895%, and 26.4623%, respectively, for 50 nodes with DOS attacks. By contrast, the minimal delay of 135.922 ms is acquired in the presence of 100 nodes and DOS attacks.
Winter Triticale in the Semiarid U.S. Pacific Northwest Drylands
Authors: Schillinger William F. , Archer David W.
Published: September 2021

Triticale is a cereal feed grain grown annually worldwide on 10 million acres. A nine‐year dryland cropping systems study was conducted from 2011–2019 near Ritzville, WA to compare winter triticale (WT) with winter wheat (WW) grown in (i) a three‐year rotation of WT–SW (spring wheat)–no‐till fallow (NTF); (ii) a three‐year rotation of WW–SW–undercutter tillage fallow (UTF); and (iii) a two‐year WW–UTF rotation. Grain yield, grain yield components, straw production, and effect on the subsequent SW crop (in the two three‐year rotations) were measured, and enterprise budgets were constructed to evaluate the production costs and profitability. Earn 1 CEU in Crop Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/997. View all CEUs online at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Genetic diversity determined by agronomic traits and SSR markers in two South American orange‐fleshed sweetpotato breeding populations with potential for population hybrid breeding
Authors: Diaz Federico C. , Eyzaguirre Raul , David Maria C. , Blas Sevillano Raul , Low Jan W. , Grüneberg Wolfgang J.
Published: September 2021

Orange‐fleshed sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] (OFSP) breeding populations have gained importance for food security and health reasons. This study's main objectives were to determine genetic diversity in parental material of two OFSP populations developed in Peru (Jewel [PJ] and Zapallo [PZ]) relative to mega‐clones (MCs) using agronomic traits and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and to determine whether PJ and PZ are mutually heterotic by developing a PJ × PZ hybrid population (H0). Field trials were performed with clones for PJ (n = 49), PZ (n = 31), MC (n = 21), and H0 (n = 6,898) in Peru. Traits recorded were storage root yield (RYTHA), number of commercial roots per plant, foliage yield, biomass, harvest index, and dry matter (RDM), β‐carotene (RBC), protein, starch, sucrose, iron, zinc, and calcium content of storage roots. Sixty‐six pairs of SSR primers were used to determine molecular diversity. Statistics used were linear mixed models, principal component analysis, and standard procedures for molecular data. New genetic variation was found in PJ and PZ (e.g., RDM ≥29% with RBC ≥25 mg 100 g−1 dry weight basis). For most traits, genetic variance in PJ and PZ was as large as in MC. The SSR marker data clearly separated PJ and PZ into two gene‐pools, together covering nearly the entire MC molecular diversity. Average RYTHA in H0 was high (40.7 t ha−1) with average heterosis increment of 21.8% and range −30.6 to 139.4%. The PJ and PZ lend themselves to study of the efficiency of reciprocal recurrent selection in sweetpotato population hybrid breeding.
Characterization of PmBN418, a wheat powdery mildew resistance gene on the rye 1RS chromosome arm
Authors: Xu Xiangyang , Bai Guihua , Li Genqiao , Cowger Christina , Bernardo Amy , Carver Brett F. , Amand Paul St , Bian Ruolin
Published: September 2021

Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is a disease of global importance, and new powdery mildew resistance genes that can be directly used in cultivar development are urgently needed. A recombinant inbred line population from ‘CI 17884’ × ‘Bainong 418’ was genotyped using single nucleotide polymorphism markers generated from genotyping‐by‐sequencing, and evaluated for responses to Great Plains Bgt isolates OKS(14)‐B‐3‐1 and NEI‐1‐3. Genetic mapping identified a powdery mildew resistance gene, designated PmBN418, on a 1BL.1RS translocation segment in Bainong 418. Given that PmBN418 conferred resistance to Bgt isolates virulent to Pm8 that resides on the chromosome arm 1RS translocated from rye (Secale cereale L.) cv. ‘Petkus’, PmBN418 is either a new gene or a new allele of Pm8. Phenotypic and genomic data analyses indicated segregation distortion of the powdery mildew resistance gene due to reduced transmission of the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–rye 1BL.1RS translocation segment from Bainong 418, while the wheat–Triticum speltoides translocation segment 7S#1 in CI 17884 was preferentially transmitted. Bainong 418, a high‐yielding cultivar with good resistance to several U.S. Bgt isolates, is a useful resistance source for wheat breeding, and the availability of the Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) marker KASP‐1RS‐1 makes marker‐assisted introgression of PmBN418 into locally adapted cultivars feasible.
Evaluation of Manganese Catalysts for the Hydrogenative Deconstruction of Commercial and End‐of‐Life Polyurethane Samples
Authors: Gausas Laurynas , Donslund Bjarke S. , Kristensen Steffan K. , Skrydstrup Troels
Published: September 2021

Polyurethane (PU) is a thermoset plastic that is found in everyday objects, such as mattresses and shoes, but also in more sophisticated materials, including windmills and airplanes, and as insulation materials in refrigerators and buildings. Because of extensive inter‐cross linkages in PU, current recycling methods are somewhat lacking. In this work, the effective catalytic hydrogenation of PU materials is carried out by applying a catalyst based on the earth‐abundant metal manganese, to give amine and polyol fractions, which represent the original monomeric composition. In particular, Mn‐PhMACHO is found to catalytically deconstruct flexible foam, molded foams, insulation, and end‐of‐life materials at 1 wt.% catalyst loading by applying a reaction temperature of 180 °C, 50 bar of H2, and 0.9 wt.% of KOH in isopropyl alcohol. The protocol is showcased in the catalytic deconstruction of 2 g of mattress foam using only 0.13 wt.% catalyst, resulting in 90 % weight recovery and a turnover number of 905.
Tumor‐derived exosomal miR‐19b‐3p facilitates M2 macrophage polarization and exosomal LINC00273 secretion to promote lung adenocarcinoma metastasis via Hippo pathway
Authors: Chen Jing , Zhang Kai , Zhi Yingru , Wu Yin , Chen Baoan , Bai Jinyu , Wang Xuerong
Published: September 2021

Numerous reports have elucidated the important participation of exosomes in the communication between tumor cells and other cancer‐related cells including tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) in microenvironment. However, the interchange of exosomes between tumor cells and TAMs in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains largely enigmatic. Herein, we discovered that LUAD cells induced the M2 polarization of TAMs and the M2‐polarized macrophages facilitated LUAD cell invasion and migration and tumor metastasis in vivo. In detail, LUAD cells secreted exosomes to transport miR‐19b‐3p into TAMs so that miR‐19b‐3p targeted PTPRD and inhibited the PTPRD‐mediated dephosphorylation of STAT3 in TAMs, leading to STAT3 activation and M2 polarization. Also, the activated STAT3 transcriptionally induced LINC00273 in M2 macrophages and exosomal LINC00273 was transferred into LUAD cells. In LUAD cells, LINC00273 recruited NEDD4 to facilitate LATS2 ubiquitination and degradation, so that the Hippo pathway was inactivated and YAP induced the transcription of RBMX. RBMX bound to miR‐19b‐3p to facilitate the packaging of miR‐19b‐3p into LUAD cell‐derived exosomes. Collectively, our results revealed the mechanism underlying the interactive communication between LUAD cells and TAMs through elucidating the exchange of exosomal miR‐19b‐3p and LINC00273 and proved the prometastatic effect of the interchange between two cells. These discoveries opened a new vision for developing LUAD treatment.
Involvement in AHEAD clarified the mission
Authors: Enos Gary A.
Published: September 2021

Katy Washington, Ph.D., J.D., Director of the Office of Disability Access at the University of North Texas, credits involvement in the Association on Higher Education And Disability with expanding how she saw her professional mission. Washington, who will become AHEAD's president in 2022, discussed the importance of the field's main professional association.
Does Section 504 require single‐room accommodations?
Authors: Masinter Michael R.
Published: September 2021

A May 2019 column noted a rise in requests for single‐room accommodations for anxiety, observing that given the choice, most students, with or without a disability, would prefer a room of their own to a double room with a roommate, particularly when offered at a reduced rate. Since publication, spurred by fear of COVID‐19 as well as by emotional and psychiatric disorders, even more students appear to be seeking single‐room accommodations, supported by letters from health care providers that diagnose various emotional or psychiatric disabilities and identify some therapeutic or privacy‐based benefit that a single room may provide. In considering these no‐roommate accommodation requests, institutions should review whether, and if so when, Section 504 regulations require single rooms as a disability accommodation. Surprisingly, Office for Civil Rights letters do not answer that question.
Support students with TBI with accommodations, mentoring
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: September 2021

The number of students in higher education with traumatic brain injuries is growing. These students often don't achieve their academic goals and often don't even request support from disability services.
Report highlights gains in STEM for people with disabilities — but gaps remain
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: September 2021

The diversity of academic scientists, including the percentage of people with disabilities in the discipline, in the STEM fields has increased since 1999 — although disparities still abound.
Retaliation and Termination
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: September 2021

An overview of the key topics faced by disability services providers with citations to noteworthy cases, statutes, regulations, and additional sources.
Predicting insect outbreaks using machine learning: A mountain pine beetle case study
Authors: Ramazi Pouria , Kunegel‐Lion Mélodie , Greiner Russell , Lewis Mark A.
Published: September 2021

Planning forest management relies on predicting insect outbreaks such as mountain pine beetle, particularly in the intermediate‐term future, e.g., 5‐year. Machine‐learning algorithms are potential solutions to this challenging problem due to their many successes across a variety of prediction tasks. However, there are many subtle challenges in applying them: identifying the best learning models and the best subset of available covariates (including time lags) and properly evaluating the models to avoid misleading performance‐measures. We systematically address these issues in predicting the chance of a mountain pine beetle outbreak in the Cypress Hills area and seek models with the best performance at predicting future 1‐, 3‐, 5‐ and 7‐year infestations. We train nine machine‐learning models, including two generalized boosted regression trees (GBM) that predict future 1‐ and 3‐year infestations with 92% and 88% AUC, and two novel mixed models that predict future 5‐ and 7‐year infestations with 86% and 84% AUC, respectively. We also consider forming the train and test datasets by splitting the original dataset randomly rather than using the appropriate year‐based approach and show that this may obtain models that score high on the test dataset but low in practice, resulting in inaccurate performance evaluations. For example, a k‐nearest neighbor model with the actual performance of 68% AUC, scores the misleadingly high 78% on a test dataset obtained from a random split, but the more accurate 66% on a year‐based split. We then investigate how the prediction accuracy varies with respect to the provided history length of the covariates and find that neural network and naive Bayes, predict more accurately as history‐length increases, particularly for future 1‐ and 3‐year predictions, and roughly the same holds with GBM. Our approach is applicable to other invasive species. The resulting predictors can be used in planning forest and pest management and planning sampling locations in field studies.
Progresses in Sustainable Recycling Technology of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Du Kaidi , Ang Edison Huixiang , Wu Xinglong , Liu Yichun
Published: September 2021

The number of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is steadily increasing in order to meet the ever‐growing demand for sustainable energy and a high quality of life for humankind. At the same time, the resulting large number of LIB waste certainly poses safety hazards if it is not properly disposed of and will seriously harm the environment due to its inherent toxicity due to the use of toxic substances. Moreover, the consumption of many scarce precious metal resources is behind the mass production of batteries. In the light of severe environmental, resources, safety and recycling problems, recycling spent LIBs have become an essential urgently needed action to achieve sustainable social development. This review therefore critically analyses the value and the need for recycling of spent LIBs from a variety of resources and the environment. A range of existing technologies for recycling and reusing spent LIBs, such as pretreatment, pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and direct recycled methods, is subsequently summarized exclusively. In addition, the benefits and problems of the methods described above are analyzed in detail. It also introduces recycling progress of other LIB components, such as anodes, separators, and electrolytes, as well as the high‐value cathode. Finally, the prospects for recycling LIBs are addressed in four ways (government, users, battery manufacturers, and recyclers). This review should contribute to the development of the recycling of used LIBs, particularly in support of industrialization and recycling processes.
Heart failure in COVID‐19: the multicentre, multinational PCHF‐COVICAV registry
Authors: Sokolski Mateusz , Trenson Sander , Sokolska Justyna M. , D'Amario Domenico , Meyer Philippe , Poku Nana K. , Biering‐Sørensen Tor , Højbjerg Lassen Mats C. , Skaarup Kristoffer G. , Barge‐Caballero Eduardo , Pouleur Anne‐Catherine , Stolfo Davide , Sinagra Gianfranco , Ablasser Klemens , Muster Viktoria , Rainer Peter P. , Wallner Markus , Chiodini Alessandra , Heiniger Pascal S. , Mikulicic Fran , Schwaiger Judith , Winnik Stephan , Cakmak Huseyin A. , Gaudenzi Margherita , Mapelli Massimo , Mattavelli Irene , Paul Matthias , Cabac‐Pogorevici Irina , Bouleti Claire , Lilliu Marzia , Minoia Chiara , Dauw Jeroen , Costa Jérôme , Celik Ahmet , Mewton Nathan , Montenegro Carlos E.L. , Matsue Yuya , Loncar Goran , Marchel Michal , Bechlioulis Aris , Michalis Lampros , Dörr Marcus , Prihadi Edgard , Schoenrath Felix , Messroghli Daniel R. , Mullens Wilfried , Lund Lars H. , Rosano Giuseppe M.C. , Ponikowski Piotr , Ruschitzka Frank , Flammer Andreas J.
Published: September 2021

Aims

We assessed the outcome of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients with heart failure (HF) compared with patients with other cardiovascular disease and/or risk factors (arterial hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidaemia). We further wanted to determine the incidence of HF events and its consequences in these patient populations.

Methods and results

International retrospective Postgraduate Course in Heart Failure registry for patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 and CArdioVascular disease and/or risk factors (arterial hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidaemia) was performed in 28 centres from 15 countries (PCHF‐COVICAV). The primary endpoint was in‐hospital mortality. Of 1974 patients hospitalized with COVID‐19, 1282 had cardiovascular disease and/or risk factors (median age: 72 [interquartile range: 62–81] years, 58% male), with HF being present in 256 [20%] patients. Overall in‐hospital mortality was 25% (n = 323/1282 deaths). In‐hospital mortality was higher in patients with a history of HF (36%, n = 92) compared with non‐HF patients (23%, n = 231, odds ratio [OR] 1.93 [95% confidence interval: 1.44–2.59], P < 0.001). After adjusting, HF remained associated with in‐hospital mortality (OR 1.45 [95% confidence interval: 1.01–2.06], P = 0.041). Importantly, 186 of 1282 [15%] patients had an acute HF event during hospitalization (76 [40%] with de novo HF), which was associated with higher in‐hospital mortality (89 [48%] vs. 220 [23%]) than in patients without HF event (OR 3.10 [2.24–4.29], P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with HF are at increased risk for in‐hospital death. In‐hospital worsening of HF or acute HF de novo are common and associated with a further increase in in‐hospital mortality.
A Phaseolus vulgaris Leukoagglutinin Biosensor as a Selective Device for the Detection of Cancer‐associated N‐glycans with Increased β1→6 Branching
Authors: Silva M. Luísa S. , Ramírez Martínez Cinthia
Published: September 2021

A Phaseolus vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA−L) impedimetric biosensor was developed for the selective detection of cancer‐associated N‐glycans presenting increased β1→6 GlcNAc branching. The increase in the biosensor‘s impedance after sample incubation was indicative of lectin recognition and complex formation between PHA−L and N‐glycans with increased β1→6 GlcNAc branching, present in serum glycoproteins. Bovine thyroglobulin was used as a model glycoprotein and a linear correlation was found between glycoprotein concentration and analytical signal from 0.05 to 2.0 mg ml−1. The biosensor was validated by analyzing serum samples from patients with diverse types of carcinomas.
Hydrogen Peroxide Detection Using Prussian Blue‐modified 3D Pyrolytic Carbon Microelectrodes
Authors: Esmail Tehrani Sheida , Quang Nguyen Long , Garelli Giulia , Jensen Bettina M. , Ruzgas Tautgirdas , Emnéus Jenny , Sylvest Keller Stephan
Published: September 2021

A highly sensitive amperometric Prussian blue‐based hydrogen peroxide sensor was developed using 3D pyrolytic carbon microelectrodes. A 3D printed multielectrode electrochemical cell enabled simultaneous highly reproducible Prussian blue modification on multiple carbon electrodes. The effect of oxygen plasma pre‐treatment and deposition time on Prussian blue electrodeposition was studied. The amperometric response of 2D and 3D sensors to the addition of hydrogen peroxide in μM and sub‐μM concentrations in phosphate buffer was investigated. A high sensitivity comparable to flow injection systems and a detection limit of 0.16 μM was demonstrated with 3D pyrolytic carbon microelectrodes at stirred batch condition
Overview of in‐capillary enzymatic reactions using capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Rozenski Jef , Asfaw Adissu Alemayehu , Van Schepdael Ann
Published: September 2021

This review summarizes the research that has recently been performed on in‐capillary enzymatic reactions integrated with capillary electrophoresis. The manuscript is subdivided in homogeneous and heterogeneous approaches. The main homogeneous techniques are Electrophoretically Mediated Microanalysis, At‐inlet and Transverse Diffusion of Laminar Flow Profiles. The main heterogeneous ones are Immobilized MicroEnzyme Reactors with enzymes grafted on either non‐magnetic or magnetic particles. The overview covers the period from 2018 to early 2021. The applications range from drug discovery over natural products to food, beverage and pesticide analysis.
Using capillary electrophoresis to characterize the hydrodynamic and electrostatic properties of DNA in solutions containing various monovalent cations
Authors: Stellwagen Nancy C.
Published: September 2021

This review describes the results obtained by using free‐solution capillary electrophoresis to probe the electrostatic and hydrodynamic properties of DNA in solutions containing various monovalent cations. In brief, we found that the mobilities of double‐stranded DNAs (dsDNAs) increase with increasing molecular weight before leveling off and becoming constant at molecular weights ≥400 bp. The mobilities of single‐stranded DNAs (ssDNAs) go through a maximum at ∼10–20 nucleotides before decreasing and becoming constant for oligomers larger than ∼30–50 bases. The mobilities of both ss‐ and dsDNAs increase linearly with the logarithm of increasing charge per unit length and decrease linearly with the logarithm of increasing ionic strength. Surprisingly, ss‐ and dsDNA mobilities level off and become nearly constant at ionic strengths ≥0.6 M. The thermal stabilities of dsDNAs decrease linearly with increasing solution viscosity. The diffusion coefficients of dsDNA are modulated by the diffusion coefficients of their counterions because of electrostatic DNA‐cation coupling interactions. Finally, the anomalously slow mobilities observed for A‐tract‐containing DNAs can be attributed both to differences in shape and to the preferential localization of small cations in the A‐tract minor groove. Since many of these results are mirrored in other polyion‐counterion systems, free‐solution electrophoresis can be viewed as a reporter of the electrostatics and hydrodynamics of highly charged polyions. New results describing the mobilities of dsDNA analogues of a microRNA‐messenger RNA complex are also presented.
Method development for mono‐ and disaccharides monitoring in cell culture medium by capillary and microchip electrophoresis
Authors: van der Burg Debbie , Josefsson Leila , Mikkonen Saara , Chotteau Véronique , Emmer Åsa , Wätzig Hermann , Sänger‐van de Griend Cari E.
Published: September 2021

The rapidly growing, competitive biopharmaceutical market requires tight bioprocess monitoring. An integrated, automated platform for the routine online/at‐line monitoring of key factors in the cell culture medium could greatly improve process monitoring. Mono‐ and disaccharides, as the main energy and carbon source, are one of these key factors. A CE‐LIF method was developed for the analysis of several mono‐ and disaccharides, considering requirements and restrictions for analysis in an integrated, automated monitoring platform, such as the possibility for miniaturization to microchip electrophoresis. Analysis was performed after fluorescent derivatization with 8‐aminopyrene‐1,3,6‐trisulfonic acid. The derivatisation reaction and the separation BGE were optimized using design of experiments. The developed method is applicable to the complex matrix of cell culture medium and proved transferable to microchip electrophoresis.
Characterization of an aerated submerged hollow fiber ultrafiltration device for efficient microalgae harvesting
Authors: Ortiz Tena Franziska , Ranglová Karolína , Kubač David , Steinweg Christian , Thomson Claudia , Masojidek Jiří , Posten Clemens
Published: September 2021

The present work characterizes a submerged aerated hollow fiber polyvinylidene fluorid (PVDF) membrane (0.03 μm) device (Harvester) designed for the ultrafiltration (UF) of microalgae suspensions. Commercial baker's yeast served as model suspension to investigate the influence of the aeration rate of the hollow fibers on the critical flux (CF, Jc) for different cell concentrations. An optimal aeration rate of 1.25 vvm was determined. Moreover, the CF was evaluated using two different Chlorella cultures (axenic and non‐axenic) of various biomass densities (0.8–17.5 g DW/L). Comparably high CFs of 15.57 and 10.08 L/m/2/h were measured for microalgae concentrations of 4.8 and 10.0 g DW/L, respectively, applying very strict CF criteria. Furthermore, the Jc‐values correlated (negative) linearly with the biomass concentration (0.8–10.0 g DW/L). Concentration factors between 2.8 and 12.4 and volumetric reduction factors varying from 3.5 to 11.5 could be achieved in short‐term filtration, whereat a stable filtration handling biomass concentrations up to 40.0 g DW/L was feasible. Measures for fouling control (aeration of membrane fibers, periodic backflushing) have thus been proven to be successful. Estimations on energy consumption revealed very low energy demand of 17.97 kJ/m3 treated microalgae feed suspension (4.99 × 10−3 kWh/m3) and 37.83 kJ/kg treated biomass (1.05 × 10−2 kWh/kg), respectively, for an up‐concentration from 2 to 40 g DW/L of a microalgae suspension.