bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D Printing Individualized Assisted Repair and Reconstruction of Irregular Bone Neoplastic Bone Defects: Exploration and Practice in Scapular Aneurysmal Cystic Bone Defects
Authors: Luo Guochen , Zhang yao , Wang Xiahua , Chen Shuaishuai , Li Dongyi , Yu Mingyang
Published: May 2021

Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy of using 3D printing individualized treatment plan in the auxiliary repair and reconstruction of irregular bone tumor bone defect.Methods：Seven patients with aneurysmal bone cyst of scapula were selected. Based on the CT data of the patient, the scapula (including defect) and pelvis were reconstructed by computer Mimics Medical software. Print out the reconstructed scapula model with a 3D printer. Before operation, the model was used to design the surgical approach and simulate the operation process, to determine the length and Radian of the plate and the number and direction of screws, and to determine the bone mass of the ilium and make reasonable segmentation and distribution. The operation time, the amount of bleeding, the length and Radian of the plate, and the direction and number of screws were recorded.Results : The average follow-up time was 25.6 months, and none of the 7 patients had recurrence during the follow-up period; The surgical approach, the length and Radian of the internal fixation, the number and direction of screws were consistent with the designed operation plan. The anatomical structure of scapula and the function of shoulder joint gradually recovered.Conclusions: Compared with traditional methods, the use of 3D printing technology in the treatment of irregular bone tumor bone defect has less trauma, shorter operation time and less bleeding, which can reduce the waste of bone graft and reconstruct the anatomical structure of bone defect more completely.
Open Sub-Granting Radio Resources in Overlay D2D-Based V2V Communications
Authors: Soleymani Dariush Mohammad , Gholami Mohammad Reza , Galdo Giovanni Del , Mueckenheim Jens , Mitschele-thiel Andreas
Published: May 2021

Capacity, reliability, and latency are seen as key requirements of new emerging applications, namely Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) and Machine Type Communication (MTC) in future cellular networks. Device-to-Device (D2D) communication is envisaged to be the enabler to accomplish the requirements for the applications as mentioned earlier. Due to the scarcity of radio resources, a hierarchical radio resource allocation, namely the sub-granting scheme, has been considered for the overlay D2D communication. In this paper, we investigate the assignment of underutilized radio resources from D2D communication to Device-to-Infrastructure (D2I) communication, which are moving in a dynamic environment. The sub-granting assignment problem is cast as a maximization problem of the uplink cell throughput. Firstly, we evaluate the sub-granting signaling overhead due to mobility in a centralized sub-granting resource algorithm, Dedicated Sub-Granting Radio Resource (DSGRR), and then a distributed heuristics algorithm, Open Sub-Granting Radio Resource (OSGRR) is proposed and compared with the DSGRR algorithm and no sub-granting case. Simulation results show improved cell throughput for the OSGRR compared with other algorithms. Besides, it is observed that the overhead incurred by the OSGRR is less than the DSGRR while the achieved cell throughput is yet close to the maximum achievable uplink cell throughput.
In Vitro Propagation of the Amazonian Medicinal Plant Guayusa (Ilex Guayusa) and Effects of Light in the Growth and Development of this Shade Tolerant Plant
Authors: Carvalho Sofia D. , Ortega Mayra , Orellana Miguel , Rodríguez Michelle , Folta Kevin M. , Torres Maria
Published: May 2021

Guayusa ( Ilex guayusa ) is an endemic plant from the Amazon with potential medicinal applications. Indigenous people are familiar with such applications and use guayusa based on ancestral knowledge. There is a growing interest in guayusa-based products in urban areas of Ecuador and internationally. The supply cannot meet the demand. Currently, traditional practices are used for guayusa growth and the potential use of the protected forest is foreseen. This work describes a protocol for the in vitro propagation of guayusa, a sustainable solution to generate high quality plants in reduced space. Stakes obtained from stems were used as explants. Chemical sterilization with ethanol and sodium hypochlorite resulted in 100% surface-sterilized stakes. The growth medium mWPM resulted in favorable outcomes regarding shoot development and elongation, as well as rooting. Supplementation with activated charcoal resulted in reduced browning during the elongation phase. The majority of shoots were able to develop roots spontaneously. Medium supplementation with the auxin indole-3-butyric acid, IBA, may be considered when rooting does not occur spontaneously. Acclimatization was performed in soil. The protocol was tested under different light spectra, revealing that guayusa growth is affected by light quality. The photobiology of this shade tolerant plant requires further characterization, but the data uncovered a potential role for green and far-red light in root development.
Ruanmailing Oral Liquid Inhibit Atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- Mice by Regulation of TGF-β1/SMAD4 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wu Tianmin , Huang Xuanbin , Chen Jinshui , Xue Wenjuan , Fan Liufang , Xie Wenyan , Huang Youzhen
Published: May 2021

BackgroundTo investigate the effect of Ruanmailing oral liquid on atherosclerosis and TGF-β1/SMAD4 signaling pathway in ApoE knockout mice induced by high-fat diet. MethodsForty ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into 5 groups, and mice fed with standard diets were the control group. ApoE-/- mice high-fat diet induced atherosclerotic phenotype. After grouping and treatment, they were divided into high-fat feeding model group, low-dose and high-dose of Ruanmailing groups (1.75, 4.55 ml/kg/d), Lipitor Group (3.0 mg/kg/d). After 12 weeks of administration, blood was collected from the mice orbit to determine the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C, and the pathological changes of thoracic aorta atherosclerosis were observed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the concentration of serum TGF-β1, and RT-PCR and Western Blot were used to detect the expression of SMAD4 and GATA2 in the thoracic aorta of ApoE-/- mice in each group. ResultsCompared with the high-fat model group, the serum lipids level of each administration group were reduced (P<0.01 or P<0.05), and the ratio of plaque area to luminal area (W/L) was significantly reduced (P<0.05), and pathological examination indicated atherosclerotic lesions in thoracic aorta of ApoE-/- mice were alleviated, and the high-dose Ruanmailing group had the most significant anti-atherosclerotic effect. ConclusionsRuanmailing oral liquid has an anti-atherosclerotic effect, and its mechanism may be related to the intervention of GATA2 in the TGF-β1/SMAD4 signaling pathway to reduce the differentiation and proliferation of arterial smooth muscle cells.
High nerve density in breast cancer is associated with poor patient outcome
Authors: Li Dong , Hu Li Na , La Ting , Wei Li Yuan , Zhang Xiao Jun , Zhang Zhen Hua , Xing Jun , Wang Li , Zheng Si Min , Li Ruo Qi , Zhu Qin , Thorne Rick F. , Hondermarck Hubert , Li Li , Zhang Xu Dong , Gao Jin Nan
Published: May 2021

Background: Active crosstalk between the nervous system and breast cancer cells as well as other cell types within the tumour microenvironment has been experimentally demonstrated in vitro and in animal models. However, low frequencies of peripheral nerve presence in human breast cancers reported in previous studies (~30% of cases) potentially negate a major role of the nervous system in breast cancer development and progression. This study aimed to better define the incidence of nerves within human breast cancers and to delineate associations with clinicopathological features.Methods: Immunohistochemical staining was conducted in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissue sections using antibodies against the pan-neuronal markers protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) and growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43), and the sympathetic nerve-specific marker tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Nerve trunks (comprised of many nerve fibres/axons) and isolated nerve fibres (positively stained cells with or without typical morphology of axons outside definable nerve trunks) were quantitated. The chi-squared test was used to determine the associations between nerve trunk or isolated nerve fibre counts and clinicopathological parameters. The Log-rank test was used to compare differences in patient progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). A multivariate analysis was performed according to the Cox Proportional Hazards Model to assess independent prognostic factors.Results: Nerve trunks and isolated nerve fibres were detected in 75% and 77% of breast cancers, respectively. The overall frequency of peripheral nerves in breast cancers was 85%, a markedly higher proportion than reported previously. Of note, most nerves present in breast cancers were of the sympathetic origin (positive for TH). While high density of nerve trunks or isolated nerve fibres was associated with poor PFS and OS of patients, high nerve trunk density appeared also to predict poor patient PFS independently of lymph node metastasis. Conclusions: Innervation of breast cancers is a common event correlated with poor patient outcomes. These findings support the notion that the nervous system plays an active role in breast cancer pathogenesis.
Increasing incidence of rotator cuff surgery: A nationwide registry study in Chile
Authors: Vidal Catalina , Lira María J , de Marinis Rodrigo , Liendo Rodrigo , Contreras Julio J
Published: May 2021

Background The rotator cuff surgery (RCS) incidence is rising rapidly in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Despite this, multiple factors limit patients’ access to surgery. In Latin America, barriers to orthopedic surgery have been largely ignored. The purpose of this study was to calculate the rate of RCS in Chile between 2008 and 2018, investigating possible associated factors to access such as age, sex, and the healthcare system.Methods An ecological study was carried out with nationwide data obtained from the Database of Hospital Discharges of the Department of Statistics. All Chilean inhabitants aged 25 years or more were included. We used the ICD-10 codes M751, M754, and S460. The annual incidence rate of surgeries and the incidence rate for the period studied per 100,000 inhabitants were calculated. Data were analyzed stratified by age, sex, year of study, and the healthcare system. Negative binomial regression was used to compare. Statistical analyzes were performed with Stata v.14 software.Results 39,366 RCSs were performed, with a total rate for the period of 32.36 per 105 inhabitants. The annual rate of surgeries from 2008 to 2018 increased from 24.55 to 49.11 per 105/year. When adjusting for year, an annual increase in surgery rates of 8.19% (95% CI 6.7–9.6) and 101% growth between 2008 and 2018 (95% CI 90–109%, p < 0.001) was observed. When comparing the global rates according to the healthcare system, the public system corresponds to 21.3 per 105 and the private system to 72 per 105, the latter being 3.4-times higher (95% CI 2.7–4.4; p < 0.001).Conclusion RCS rates are increasing in Chile concordantly with previous reports of other western countries. The most important factor associated with RCS rate found was the patients’ healthcare system, with higher rates observed for the private sector.
A Novel Comprehensive Quantitative Method for Various Geological Disaster Evaluations in Underground Engineering: Multidimensional Finite Interval Cloud Model (MFICM)
Authors: Wu Tianhua , Gao Yongtao , Zhou Yu , Sun Hao
Published: May 2021

The risk prediction of geological disasters exhibits extreme uncertainty and complexity due to the random distribution of evaluation indexes within a finite interval. To improve the accuracy of disaster prediction results, a new evaluation method is in this study suggested to perform a risk evaluation of geological disasters based on multidimensional finite interval cloud model (MFICM) and combination weighting. The MFICM with a transformation between qualitative concept and quantitative data depicts uncertainties and actual distribution features of indexes in the finite interval. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and principal component analysis (PCA) are adopted to determine the subjective and objective weights of evaluation indexes, respectively, and the combination weight is calculated by a linear method to reduce the influence of subjective factors. The numerical characteristic parameters of each indexes belonging to various risk levels are first calculated based on established evaluation index system. Subsequently, a multi-dimensional finite interval cloud is generated from a forward cloud generator using MATLAB software. Finally, the comprehensive certainty degrees relative to different levels for each sample are determined combined with combination weight, which achieves a mapping of uncertainty between semantic variables and index values. The proposed method is applied to engineering cases regarding three geological disasters, i.e., water inrush, rock burst and collapse. The obtained results with accuracy and results comparison with reference methods show that the MFICM is verified to be practical and universal for the risk evaluation of geological disasters, which improves and enriches the theoretical framework of geotechnical engineering disaster risk evaluation.
In Vitro Evaluation of Dermanyssus Gallinae Response to Products in Aqueous Suspension
Authors: Sulzbach Angelica , Mallmann Daniele , Silva Flávio Renato , Ferla Noeli Juarez , Silva Guilherme Liberato da , Johann Liana
Published: May 2021

Dermanyssus gallinae are hematophagous mites that pose a serious sanitary problem in the Brazilian laying poultry industry. Its control is typically performed with acaricides, either in powder or liquid form. However, the intensive use of these products has led populations of this species to develop resistance. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the response of D. gallinae eggs and adults to products in aqueous suspension as per the commercial indication and registered at the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Supply. The study used four different acaricides (Product 1- Cypermethrin, Chlorpyrifos, and Piperonyl Butoxide; Product 2 - Alkyl-benzyl-dimethyl ammonium chloride, glutaraldehyde, deltamethrin; Product 3 – Dichlorvos; Product 4 – Fluralaner) tested in vitro using the contact method. Distilled water was used in the control group. There was difference between eggs and adults in each treatment (p < 0.05, except for control); products had higher efficacy against adult forms. This result might be directly related to frequent D. gallinae reinfestations in poultry houses.
The Real-Life Efficacy And Safety of Osimertinib In Pretreated Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients With T790M Mutation: A Turkish Oncology Group Study
Authors: Hizal Mutlu , Bilgin Burak , Paksoy Nail , Açıkgöz Özgür , Sezer Ahmet , Gürbüz Mustafa , Ak Naziye , Yücel Şebnem , Ayhan Murat , Erol Cihan , Demirkıran Aykut , Mandel Nil Molinas , Shbair Abdallah , Gökmen İvo , Başoğlu Tuğba , Paydaş Semra , Demiray Atike Gökçen , İriağaç Yakup , Şakalar Teoman , Zeynelgil Esra , Tatlı Ali Murat , Bahçeci Aykut , Güven Deniz Can , Caner Burcu , Can Alper , Gülmez Ahmet , Karakaş Yusuf , Yalçın Bülent , Demirkazık Ahmet , Bilici Ahmet , Aydıner Adnan , Yumuk Perran Fulden , Şendur Mehmet Ali Nahit
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Osimertinib, an irreversible third-generation EGFR-TKI, is the standard of care for second-line treatment of T790M-mutant advanced NSCLC patients whose progressed after first-line EGFR-TKI therapy. In this multicenter study, we aimed to determine the real-life efficacy and safety of Osimertinib in pretreated advanced NSCLC patients with T790M mutation.Materials and Methods: This retrospective trial included advanced T790M-mutant pretreated NSCLC patients who received Osimertinib from 24 different centers in Turkey. Primary endpoint was time-to-treatment discontinuation (TTD). Secondary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), and safety.Results: Of 163 patients 68.7% had EGFR exon 19 deletion and 22.7% had exon 21 L858R mutation. Osimertinib was given as second-line treatment in 96 patients (58.9%) and third-line in 48 patients (29.4%). After median of 13 months disease follow-up, median TTD was 21.6 months with an 82.2% ORR. Estimated median OS was 32.1 months. Grade 3-4 adverse events were seen in 11.7% of the patients. Conclusion: Osimertinib is a highly effective option in second or third-line treatment of NSCLC patients with T790M mutation, with a favorable safety profile.
Activation of Alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Reduce Chronic Pain-Induced Depression-Like Behaviors Via WNT/β-Catenin Pathway
Authors: Chen Yongmei , Gong Xingrui , Wen Wen , Cai Meihua , Zhang Mazhong
Published: May 2021

Chronic pain frequently leads to depression and microglia-related inflammation is the common mechanism for chronic pain and depression. Activation of alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine (α7 nAch) receptor suppresses microglia-related inflammation. Thus, we evaluated the activation of α7 nAch receptors on chronic pain-induced depression-like behaviors and explored the potential mechanisms.Methods: Male Wistar rats that received spared nerve injury (SNI) and complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) into the unilateral ankle articular cavity received Open field, sucrose preference, and pain behavior tests. The effect of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of α7 nAch receptor agonist PHA and α7 nAch receptor antagonist on depression-like behaviors and cytokines expression was examined. Cytokines were measured in the brain using Enzyme-linked immune absorbent assay.Results: SNI surgery and CFA injection induced depression-like behaviors, and ICV injection of PHA reduced that depression-like behaviors. SNI surgery and CFA injection skewed the medial prefrontal cortex, basolateral amygdala, and ventral hippocampus to a pro-inflammatory response and ICV injection of PHA shift brain from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory response in that sites. The anti-depressive effect and anti-inflammatory effect of PHA were reversed by WNT/β-catenin inhibitor. Conclusions: Activation of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors reduce chronic pain-induced depression-like behaviors, the mechanisms may be attributed to the activation of WNT/β-catenin pathway and suppression of brain inflammation.
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies and Factors Associated with Seropositivity at the University of Salamanca: The DIANCUSAL Study
Authors: Belen Vicente Santiago , Josue Pendones , Francisco Adserias , Hernandez Gonzalez , Rodriguez Miguel , Villardon Jose Luis Vicente , Burgillo Javier , Andaluz Javier Lopez , Oterino Jose Angel Martin , Criado Francisco Garcia , Barbero Fausto , Morales Ana , Galindo Purificación , Gonzalez Rogelio , Belhassen Moncef , Muro Antonio , Muñoz Juan Luis
Published: May 2021

Background: Systematic screening for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 is a crucial tool for surveillance of the COVID-19 pandemic. The University of Salamanca (USAL) in Spain designed a project called “DIANCUSAL” (Diagnosis of New Coronavirus, COVID-19, in University of Salamanca) to measure antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among its ~34,000 students and academic staff, as the influence of the university community in the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the city of Salamanca and neighbouring towns hosting USAL campuses could be substantial. Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among USAL students, professors and staff and to evaluate the demographic, academic, clinical and lifestyle and behavioural factors related to seropositivity. Methodology: The DIANCUSAL study is an ongoing university population-based cross-sectional study, with the work described herein conducted from July-October 2020. All USAL students, professors, and staff were invited to complete an anonymized questionnaire. Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was detected and quantified by using chemiluminescent assays for IgG and IgM. Principal findings: A total of 8197 (24.71%) participants were included. The mean age was 31.4 (14.5 SD) years, and 66.0% of the participants were female. The seroprevalence was 8.25% overall, and was highest for students from the education campus (12.5%) and professors from the biomedical campus (12.6%), with significant differences among faculties (p = 0.006). Based on the questionnaire, loss of smell and fever were the symptoms most strongly associated with seropositivity, and 22.6% of seropositive participants were asymptomatic. Social distancing was the most effective hygiene measure (p= 0.0007). There were significant differences in seroprevalence between participants with and without household exposure to SARS-CoV-2 (p=0.0000), but not between students who lived in private homes and those who lived in dormitories. IgG antibodies decreased over time in the participants with confirmed self-reported COVID-19 diagnoses. Conclusions: The analysis revealed an overall 8.25% seroprevalence at the end of October 2020, with a higher seroprevalence in students than in staff. Thus, there is no need for tailored measures for the USAL community as the official average seroprevalence in the area was similar (7.8% at 22nd June and 12.4 at 15th November of 2020. Instead, USAL members should comply with public health measures.
Enhanced Interfragmentary Stability and Improved Clinical Prognosis With Off-axis Screw Technique in the Treatment of Vertical Femoral Neck Fractures of Nongeriatric Patients
Authors: Jiang Dajun , Zhan Shi , Cai Qianying , Hu Hai , Jia Weitao
Published: May 2021

Background: The optimal internal fixation strategy for vertical femoral neck fractures (VFNFs) in nongeriatric patients remains uncertain. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical prognoses and underlying mechanical characteristics of the novel off-axis screw technique with dynamic hip screw (DHS) and traditional three parallel screws. Methods: This study included a clinical investigation and a patient-specific finite element analysis (FEA). In the clinical investigation, VFNF patients were grouped by fixation type: (1) three parallel screws (G-TRI); (2) augmentation with an off-axis screw (G-ALP); and (3) DHS with an anti-rotational screw (G-DHS). Fixation failures (non-union, femoral neck shortening (FNS), varus deformation, screw cut-out) and avascular necrosis (AVN) of the three types were compared. In the FEA, twenty-four fixation models with the three fixation types were created based on the data of eight healthy volunteers. Models were assessed under walking conditions. Stiffness, interfragmentary motion (IFM), and implant stress were evaluated. Results: In the clinical investigation, fixation failure rate was significantly (p<0.05) lower in G-ALP (18.5%) than in G-DHS (37.5%) and G-TRI (39.3%). No significant difference of AVN was observed among three fixation groups. In the FEA, stiffness and implant stress in G-DHS models was significantly (p<0.05) higher, and the IFM of G-ALP was significantly (p<0.05) lower among the groups. Conclusions: Among fixation types for VFNFs, the off-axis screw technique exhibited a better interfragmentary stability (lowest IFM), and lower fixation failure rate (especially, FNS). Analyzing interfragmentary stability in biomechanical experiments is more consistent with clinical prognosis than construct stability for VFNFs, suggesting that internal fixations should aim for this outcome.
Correlation of Respiratory Aerosols with Metabolic Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Kappelt Niklas , Russell Hugo S. , Kwiatkowski Szymon , Afshari Alireza , Johnson Matthew S.
Published: May 2021

Respiratory Aerosols from breathing and talking have found wide acceptance as a transmission route for viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Previous studies have found particles with diameters ranging from 10 nm to 145 µm, exhibited from different regions in the respiratory system. We present the first chamber study, in which respiratory aerosols have been simultaneously measured with carbon dioxide (CO2) to establish the correlation between the two concentrations. CO2 concentrations are easily available through low-cost sensors and could be used to estimate viral exposure through this correlation, whereas source-specific aerosol measurements are complicated and not possible with low cost sensors. The increase in both PM10 and CO2 was linear over ten minutes in a 2 m3 chamber for all participants, suggesting a strong correlation. On average, talking released more particles than breathing, with 14,600 ± 16,800 min-1 (one-σ standard deviation) and 6,210 ± 5,630 min-1 on average, respectively, while CO2 increased with 139 ± 33 ppm min-1 during talking and 143 ± 29 ppm min-1 during breathing. Assuming a typical viral load of 7 × 106 RNA copies per ml of oral fluid, ten minutes of talking and breathing are estimated to produce 7 and 16 suspended RNA copies, respectively, correlating to a CO2 concentration of around 1.800 ppm in a 2 m3 chamber. This provides a strong argument for keeping indoor spaces well ventilated and shows how CO2 concentrations, measured with low-cost sensors, could be used as a proxy for viral exposure.
Potato Root-Associated Microbiomes Adapt to Combined Water and Nutrient Limitation and have a Plant Genotype-Specific Role for Plant Stress Mitigation
Authors: Faist Hanna , Trognitz Friederike , Antonielli Livio , Symanczik Sarah , White Philip , Sessitsch Angela
Published: May 2021

Background

Due to climate change and reduced use of fertilizers combined stress scenarios are becoming increasingly frequent in crop production. In a field experiment we tested the effect of combined water and phosphorus limitation on the growth performance and plant traits of eight tetraploid and two diploid potato varieties as well as on root-associated microbiome diversity and functional potential. Microbiome and metagenome analysis targeted the diversity and potential functions of prokaryotes, fungi, plasmids and bacteriophages and was linked to plant traits like tuber yield or timing of canopy closure.
Results

The different potato genotypes responded differently to the combined stress and hosted distinct microbiota in the rhizosphere and the root endosphere. Proximity to the root, stress and potato genotype had significant effects on bacteria, whereas fungi were only mildly affected. To address the involvement of microbial functions, we investigated well and poorly performing potato genotypes (Stirling and Desirée, respectively) under stress conditions and executed a metagenome analysis of rhizosphere microbiomes subjected to stress and no stress conditions. Functions like ROS detoxification, aromatic amino acid and terpene metabolism were enriched and in synchrony with the metabolism of stressed plants. In Desirée, Pseudonocardiales had the genetic potential to take up assimilates produced in the fast-growing canopy and to reduce plant stress-sensing by degrading ethylene but overall yield losses were high. In Stirling, Xanthomonadales had the genetic potential to reduce oxidative stress and to produce biofilms, potentially around roots. Biofilm formation could be involved in drought resilience of Stirling and explain the recorded low yield losses. In the stressed rhizosphere the relative abundance of plasmids was reduced and the diversity of phages was enriched. Moreover, mobile elements like plasmids and phages were affected by combined stresses in a genotype-specific manner.
Conclusion

Our study gives new insights into the interconnectedness of root-associated microbiota and plant stress responses in the field. Functional genes in the metagenome, phylogenetic composition and mobile elements play a role in potato-stress adaption. In a poor and a well performing potato genotype grown under stressed conditions, distinct functional genes pinpoint to a distinct stress sensing, water availability and compounds in the rhizospheres.
A New Nanomagnetic Pd-Co Bimetallic Alloy as Catalyst in the Mizoroki-Heck and Buchwald–Hartwig Amination Reactions in Aqueous Media
Authors: Sobhani Sara , Zarei Hamed , Sansano José Miguel
Published: May 2021

A Pd-Co bimetallic alloy encapsulated in melamine-based dendrimer supported on magnetic nanoparticles denoted as γ-Fe2O3@MBD/Pd-Co was synthesized by a facile co-complexation-reduction method and characterized sufficiently. The catalytic evaluation of γ-Fe2O3@MBD/Pd-Co showed promising results in the Mizoroki-Heck and Buchwald-Hartwig amination reactions of various iodo-, bromo- and challenging chloroarenes in aqueous media. The synergetic cooperative effect of both Pd and Co and dispersion of the catalyst in water due to the encapsulation of γ-Fe2O3 by melamine-based dendrimer lead to high catalytic performance compared with the monometallic counterparts. The dispersion of the magnetic catalyst also facilitates the recovery and reuse of the catalyst by ten consecutive extraction and final magnetic isolation with no loss of catalytic activity, keeping its structure unaltered. Remarkably, this is the first paper on the use of palladium-cobalt bimetallic catalyst for Buchwald-Hartwig amination reaction and the first magnetically recyclable Pd/Co bimetallic catalyst in the Mizoroki-Heck coupling reactions.
Pharmacological validation of SSc-ILD mouse model bleomycin-induced by osmotic minipump
Authors: Ravanetti Francesca , Ferrini Erica , Ragionieri Luisa , Khalajzeyqami Zahra , Nicastro Maria , Ridwan Yanto , Kleinjan Alex , Villetti Gino , Grandi Andrea , Stellari Franco Fabio
Published: May 2021

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by an excessive production and accumulation of collagen in the skin and internal organs often associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD). The unknown pathogenetic mechanisms of SSc-ILD and the lack of animal models mimicking the features of the human disease contribute to create a gap between the selection of antifibrotic drug candidates and effective therapies. Nintedanib (NINT) was used as a tool compound to validate the pharmacological response either on lung or skin fibrosis in a SSc-ILD mouse model. The model is based on the continuous infusion of bleomycin (BLM) by osmotic minipumps for 1 week in the C57BL/6 female mice. Longitudinal Micro-CT analysis highlighted a significant slowdown in lung fibrosis progression after NINT treatment, then confirmed by histology. However, no significant effect was observed on lung hydroxyproline content, inflammatory infiltrate and skin lipoatrophy. The modest pharmacological effect reported reflects the clinical outcome, lighting up the reliability of this model to serve as secondary screening to profile the best clinical drug candidates. Moreover, we have underlined the pivotal role of Micro-CT imaging, together describing the relevant readouts and the importance of their validation prior to use for drug discovery.
CircRNA/lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network in the blood exosomes of patients with atherosclerosis
Authors: Zhang Wan , Zhu Ting , Li Li , Guo Zhenyu
Published: May 2021

Background: Atherosclerosis (AS) is a systemic, chronic and multifocal disease and is the primary pathological basis of cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease (CHD) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Our study attempted to identify aberrant exosome-derived circRNAs in AS and determine their potential clinical value. Methods: The expression of mRNA, circRNA and lncRNA in the blood exosomes of CHD patients and healthy controls was obtained from the exoRBase database. The corresponding miRNAs of mRNA, circRNA and lncRNA were predicted via ENCORI and the miRcode database. The circRNA/lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network was established based on a competitive endogenous RNA regulatory mechanism. Aberrant circRNAs in the aforementioned network were validated in patients with PAD by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results: Based on the cutoff criteria of P<0.05, we identified 85 differentially expressed circRNAs (4 up- and 81 downregulated), 43 differentially expressed lncRNAs (24 up- and 19 downregulated) and 312 differentially expressed genes (55 up- and 257 downregulated). Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that the biological process (BP) terms of the DEGs were significantly enriched in the positive regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity and the positive regulation of protein dephosphorylation. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that DEGs were closely related to the glucagon signaling pathway and estrogen signaling pathway. The relative expression level of hsa_circ_0001360 was significantly downregulated in blood exosomes from patients with PAD, exhibiting an area under the curve of 0.92 (P=0.0283). Conclusion: The circRNA/lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network might help to elucidate the pathogenesis of AS. Hsa_circ_0001360 was significantly downregulated in blood exosomes in patients with PAD, and this RNA might represent an important diagnostic biomarker of AS.
Percutaneous Endoscopic Interlaminar Discectomy for L5-S1 Axillary-Type Disc Herniation, with Surgeon Stand on an Opposite Side of Disc Protrusion to Perform
Authors: Ren Zhiqiang , He Shenghua , Li Jiao , Zhao Jianshen , Zhang Xiufang , Lai Juyi , Lan Zhiming
Published: May 2021

Background: It is widely acceptable that surgeon stand on the same side of the disc protrusion to perform PEID. Few study focus on PEID being performed when surgeon stand on the opposite side of the disc protrusion. The aim is to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of an different approach that surgeon stood on the opposite side of the disc protrusion to perform PEID. Methods: A total of 40 patients with radiculopathy due to L5-S1 disc herniation underwent PEID were included in this study. All surgeries were performed by a senior surgeon who stood on the opposite side of the disc protrusion. The pre- and postoperative VAS, JOA, ODI and modified MacNab scores, as well as postoperative complications were collected.Results: All patients were followed up and the average follow-up period was 12.7 months. The VAS, JOA and ODI score were significantly improved after surgery. The excellent and good rate was 90% of the patients according to MacNab criteria. Recurrence without reoperation was observed at 6 months in 2 patient. No patient had major complications at the last follow-up except three cases who complained of transient lower limbs numbness. Conclusion: In this study, we found axillary herniated discs could be removed easily when surgeon stood on the opposite side of the disc protrusion. A working cannula was introduced into the epidural space at an less steeper angle to the skin, which can effectively reduce the risk of dura sac injury.
Effects of Cruciate Embedding Fascia-Bone Flap Technique on Grade II - III Cerebral Spinal Fluid Leak in Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery
Authors: Zhao WenJi , Yang Gang , Li RuiChun , Huo Gang , Gao Dong , Cao MingChuan , Wang XiaoShu
Published: May 2021

Background: Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) leak remains an important issue in endoscopic endonasal surgery. A standard protocol of skull base closure has not been established yet, and application of rigid buttress has not been given sufficient attention. To emphasize the functions of support and fixation from rigid buttress in reconstruction, we introduce a technique of cruciate embedding fascia-bone flap (CEFB) using autologous bone graft to buttress fascia lata attaching to partially sutured skull base dural defect, and evaluate its efficacy in a consecutive case series of grade II-III CSF leak in EES.METHODS: Data of consecutive patients with grade II-III CSF leak during EES were collected between May 2015 and May 2020. Skull base reconstructions were performed either with the CEFB, conventional PNSF, or combination of 2 methods. Related clinical data were compared and analyzed respectively.RESULTS: There are 110, 65, and 23 patients included in CEFB, PNSF, and combination group respectively. CEFB demonstrated statistically similar effects on postoperative CSF leak (2.7%) and intracranial infection (4.5%) compared to PNSF (3.1%, 3.1%), but with less morbidity of epistaxis (CEFB: 0%, PNSF: 6.2%) and nasal discomforts (CEFB: 0%, PNSF: 7.7%). The bed stay time (CEFB: 5.74d, PNSF: 8.83d) and hospitalization time (CEFB: 10.49d, PNSF: 13.58d) were shortened in CEFB group. Combination of CEFB and PNSF achieved 0 postoperative CSF leak in 23 highly susceptible patients with grade III leak and multiple high risk factors.CONCLUSION: The CEFB technique is reliable and feasible to prevent postoperative CSF leak in EES. It can be used safely without PNSF in suitable cases, or applied in association with PNSF with high compatibility and security when necessary.Trial Registration：Current Controlled Trials ChiCTR2100044764 (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry), as well as the date of registration 27th March, 2020. Retrospectively registered.
Prevalence of impaired renal function and determinants in the southwest of Iran
Authors: Alvand Saba , Abolnezhadian Farhad , Alatab Sudabeh , Mohammadi Zahra , Hayati Fatemeh , Noori Mohammad , Danehchin Leila , Paridar Yousef , Cheraghian Bahman , Rahimi Zahra , Hariri Sanam , Masoudi Sahar , Mard Seyed Ali , Shayesteh Ali Akbar , Poustchi Hossein
Published: May 2021

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing global health problem with faster progression in developing countries such as Iran. Here we aimed to evaluate the prevalence and determinants of CKD stage III+.Methods: This research is part of the Khuzestan Comprehensive Health Study (KCHS), a large observational population-based cross-sectional study in which 30041 participants aged 20 to 65 were enrolled. CKD was determined with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 60 ml/min/1.73m2, based on two equations of Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI). The multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the CKD stage III+ determinants.Results: Prevalence of CKD stage III+ is estimated to be 7.1 %, 5.5%, and 5.4% based on MDRD, CKD-EPI, and combination of both equations, respectively. More than 89% of CKD subjects aged higher than 40 years. In regression analysis, age more than 40 years had the strongest association with CKD stage III+ probability (OR: 8.23, 95% CI: 6.91-9.18). Higher wealth score, hypertension, High-Density Lipoprotein levels less than 40 mg/dl, and higher waist to hip ratio were all associated with CKD stage III+ while Arab ethnicity showed a protective effect (OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.57-0.78). Conclusion: Our findings provide detailed information on the CKD stage III+ and its determinants in the southwest region of Iran. Due to strong association between age and CKD stage III+, within a few decades we might expect a huge rise in the CKD prevalence.
Development of sieve of Eratosthenes and sieve of Sundaram's proof
Authors: Diab Ahmed Hamdy
Published: May 2021

We make two algorithms that generate all prime numbers up to a given limit, they are a development of sieve of Eratosthenes algorithm, we use two formulas to achieve this development, where all the multiples of prime number 2 are eliminated in the first formula, and all the multiples of prime numbers 2 and 3 are eliminated in the second formula.

Using the first algorithm we proof sieve of Sundaram's algorithm, then we improve it to be more efficient prime generating algorithm.

We will show the difference in performance between all the algorithms we will make and sieve of Eratosthenes algorithm in terms of run time.
A new proposed method for observing fluid in rock fractures using the enhanced X-ray image of digital radiography
Authors: Sun Huan , Long Qijian , Liu Xiaoli , Ye Zhenni , Wang Enzhi , Du Weisheng
Published: May 2021

Fluid in rock fractures always continually induces geo-catastrophe in water-rock system engineering. Intuitively observing fluid in fractures is the key method to reveal interaction mechanism of the water-rock under different engineering background, and provide some insights for solving engineering issues. This study proposes the visual method of fluid in rock fractures using enhanced X-ray image digital radiography (EXIDR), and carries out the coupled hydro-mechanical tests on the basis of the material scale of carbonate rocks, red bed mudstone (RBM) and coals. The experimental results show the transition mechanism of pipe flow (PF) to fissure flow (FF) during carbonate rock failures. The flow regime has undergone an evolution process from laminar flow to turbulent flow, also of this change with the fractal characteristics of PF-FF in carbonate rocks under multilevel stress loading. Also, the damage coefficient of RBM under coupled hydrodynamics and multilevel stress loading is non-linearly increasing. Therefore, the initial permeability of RBM under hydrodynamics is significant for geo-hazards prevention in the engineering, which are induced by the seepage and diffusion effects. Besides, the mean square flow (MSF) describes the flow rate varies as the fracture growth and extension, i.e. the fractional exponential evolution law that has a transition changes from super-diffusion flow to sub-diffusion flow. This indicates that fluid in fractures show the double behaviors of anomalous diffusion and nonlinear flow during coal and rock failures.
Ordinary magic in extraordinary circumstances: Predictors of positive mental health outcomes for early adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ashworth Emma , Putwain David W. , McLoughlin Shane , Saini Pooja , Chopra Jennifer , Rosser Benjamin , Eames Catrin
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions have had a negative impact on the mental health and wellbeing of many people worldwide, but there is evidence to suggest this has been a particularly challenging for adolescents. However, there is a paucity of research examining the factors that have promoted good mental health during this time. The aim of the current study was to identify the protective factors among early adolescents in the UK that promoted better mental health outcomes (internalising and externalising difficulties, and wellbeing) during the first national COVID-19 lockdown. Between September and December 2020, 290 11–14 year olds across the North West of England were recruited to complete an online survey, consisting of several measures pertaining to their experiences of lockdown, and their mental health and wellbeing. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to analyse the data. Results indicated that higher participant-rated lockdown experience (the extent to which it was fun, easy, and good) and higher levels of optimism were protective factors for all three outcomes of interest. Greater adherence to Government guidance was also a protective factor for internalising difficulties and general wellbeing. Stronger family connection was a protective factor for externalising difficulties only, while stronger peer connection was a protective factor for general wellbeing only. In summary, the ‘ordinary magic’ of supportive relationships and positive experiences appear to be some of the key factors needed to ensure adolescents maintain good mental health and wellbeing, and to help them overcome the difficulties posed by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Public health services: implementation of healthcare technologies
Authors: Shipko Andrii , Shklyar Serhii , Demikhov Oleksii , Dzwigol Henryk
Published: May 2021

This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the factors that influence public health service. The main purpose of this research is to determine the expected indicators of pathogenic and sanogenic effects on significant risk factors of pathology among children. For achieving the research goal, the authors substantiated the models of final results for the modification of risk factors. Investigation of antenatal and genealogical factors in healthy and ill children groups was performed using a specially compiled expert assessment card and parents’ interviews. The systemic population modeling methods were applied to develop and substantiate population health management models (early diagnosis and primary prevention). Evaluation of the expected effectiveness of the N-factor program of primary prevention was carried out on a set of genealogical and antenatal factors. Conducted logical analysis of the methodology of quantitative and qualitative determination of health and the gathered experience in that respect were taken into account in developing population models of preventive effects. This study provides the identified priority directions for realizing the regional and population programs to implement them further. The authors presented the example of calculating the expected effectiveness of children’s health management by eliminating the investigated factors. The authors determine the priority directions for realizing the regional and population programs pathology based on the influence on the various elements to improve the public health services system. An example of calculating the expected effectiveness of children’s health management by eliminating these factors is given. The obtained results could be used to further research the issues associated with a prospective assessment of the program’s effectiveness in reducing the impact of antenatal and genealogical factors on children’s health.
Health management at the regional level: multivariable performance assessment
Authors: Shipko Andrii , Demikhova Nadiia , Pajak Krzysztof , Motrechko Vira
Published: May 2021

This article provides an analysis of areas for improving the state policy bases in public health services. The purpose of the research is to substantiate and develop systematized regulatory support for the structural-functional care model for children in particular regions. The authors systematized the legislative acts on the health technologies introduction in the structural-functional model. To achieve the study goal, the authors used a systematic approach to provide quantitative and qualitative analysis of the organization and optimization of medical-social justification of the structural-functional model; bibliosemantic – for the analysis of national and international experience in providing medical care to patients; epidemiological – to determine the levels, structure and dynamics of morbidity and prevalence of pathology in childhood; statistical – for collecting, processing and analyzing received information. The article presented the authors’ development on regulatory support for the structural-functional medical model components for children. Besides, special attention was paid to the improvement of health technologies in regional health care systems. The authors identified areas for implementing the legislative initiative to improve the regulatory support for medical care provision. This paper provides the author’s regulatory support of structural-functional medical model’s components toward children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and dysplastic pathology of the bronchopulmonary system. The authors emphasized the improvement of health technologies in regional health care systems. To improve the area of legislative and regulatory support, the study identified the directions for implementing the legislative initiative. Based on the study results, the authors proposed considering 7 legislative acts of Ukraine on improving the normative-legal provision of components of the structural-functional model. The obtained results could further assess their impact on implementing health technologies at the regional, municipal and family levels.