bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mixed-methods formative evaluation of implementing an adapted suicide prevention treatment: Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Groups in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Decker Suzanne E. , Kroll-Desrosiers Aimee , Mattocks Kristin , Aunon Frances M. , Galliford Elizabeth , Doran Neal , Baird Scarlett , Rielage Jennifer K. , Ridley Josephine , Bannister Jenny , Giovannelli Thorayya S. , Landes Sara J. , Goodman Marianne , Walker Lorrie , DeRycke Eric , Shriver Chris , Spana Ethan , Honsberger Mark , Brown Hannah , Demirelli Stacey , Shest Elena , Martino Steve
Published: November 2024

Background

Preventing veteran suicide requires addressing mechanisms driving suicidal behavior, such as emotion dysregulation. Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Groups (DBT-SG) are well established for reducing emotion dysregulation, improving coping skills, and in some studies, reducing suicide attempt, but will require implementation support to deliver DBT-SG and to test its effectiveness within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA).

Methods

We conducted a mixed-method developmental formative evaluation of DBT-SG at four VHA medical centers, guided by the Integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARIHS) framework, as part of a hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial (Clinical trials ID, NCT05000749).

Results

Quantitative Organizational Reasons for Change Assessment data (n = 30 VHA staff) and qualitative data (n = 35 VHA staff) were merged, compared, and triangulated. Quantitative and qualitative data largely converged, showing favorable views of evidence supporting DBT-SG and strong enthusiasm for its potential to reduce veteran suicide attempt. Staff noted DBT-SG’s broad applicability to veterans. Staff were less optimistic about the inner context supporting DBT-SG implementation, commenting on how limited staffing could be a barrier despite leadership wanting to support suicide prevention.

Conclusions

Implementation barriers to DBT-SG at VHA include limited staffing, despite staff enthusiasm. The next phase of this project will evaluate DBT-SG effectiveness in a randomized controlled trial.

Clinical trials registration

https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05000749, identifier NCT05000749.
Association between oral health-related behaviors and quality of life of adolescents among three provinces in Northwest China
Authors: Hu Xiao , Wang Can , Gao Jianghong , Tian Jiangang , Li Lingling , Li Zhige , Guo Kaixin , Huang Ruizhe
Published: November 2024

Objective

To assess the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of adolescents in Northwest China, and to explore the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics, oral health-related behaviors and OHRQoL.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey of adolescents aged 12–15 years in Shaanxi, Gansu province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of Northwest China was conducted by stratified cluster random sampling. Oral examinations were performed with World Health Organization (WHO) standards, and the condition of crowns and periodontal was recorded. Adolescents' oral health-related behaviors and OHRQoL were collected by questionnaire. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis were used to examine the relationship.

Results

A total of 7,648 subjects were included. The prevalence of low OHRQoL which defined as a score higher than 0, was 83.8%. A low OHRQoL was most prevalent in Gansu Province and least prevalent in Shaanxi Province. Younger (OR = 0.73, CI = 0.60–0.87), female (OR = 1.27, CI = 1.11–1.44), rural (OR = 1.44, CI = 1.21–1.72), and mother with less education (OR = 0.69, CI = 0.60–0.81) all showed statistically significant influence on teenagers' OHRQoL. From a behavior perspective, teens' OHRQoL was correlated with their frequency of sugar consumption (OR = 1.72, CI = 1.41–2.10), dental appointment rate (OR = 1.29, CI = 1.064–1.57), self-assessment of oral health (OR = 3.09, CI = 2.29–4.19), DMFT index (OR = 1.19, CI = 1.04–1.37), number of teeth calculus (OR = 1.20, CI = 1.01–1.43), and dental trauma (OR = 0.47, CI = 0.39–0.57) over the previous year; however, brushing their teeth was not statistically significant.

Conclusions

Generally speaking, oral health-related behaviors—such as eating more sugary foods and scheduling dental appointments within the last year—have a significant negative impact on the quality of life of adolescents in Northwest China. Female, and adolescents from families with low educational backgrounds are more likely to be affected by such behaviors in their daily lives.
A dyadic analysis of family adaptation among breast cancer patients and their spouses based on the framework of family stress coping theory
Authors: Ding Zhangyi , Fan Yarong , Zhong Gaoxiang , Zhang Xinmiao , Li Xichen , Qiao Yan , Cui Huixia
Published: November 2024

Background

The active coping strategies of family members can help breast cancer patients better handle the crisis, and family adaptation is a manifestation of the family's active coping with the crisis. In the study of breast cancer, a disease that predominantly affects women, we explored the influence of spouses on patients' family adaptation. This aspect has not been explored in previous studies.

Purpose

In recent years, with the development of family stress coping theory, cancer coping styles have shifted from an individual focus to a whole-family approach. This shift has the potential to help families of cancer patients adapt to the crisis. This study aimed to explore the correlation between dyadic coping, family adaptation, and benefit finding in couples with breast cancer.

Methods

Using convenience sampling, the study included 325 pairs consisting of breast cancer patients and their spouses who attended breast surgery, oncology, and chemotherapy sessions between April and November 2023. The survey utilized the General Information Questionnaire for patients and spouses, the Dyadic Coping Scale, the Benefit Finding Scale, and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 25.0 and Amos 24.0 software.

Results

In the actor effect of dyadic coping on family adaptation, the benefit finding of patients and their spouses played a mediating role. Regarding the partner effect (B = 0.019, 95% CI = 0.003–0.045, P < 0.05), the dyadic coping of spouses indirectly affected the family adaptation of patients through the benefit findings of patients. The patient's dyadic coping can directly affect the spouse's family adaptation. The spouse's dyadic coping can influence the patient's benefit finding.

Conclusion

There is a partial interaction between breast cancer patients and their spouses' dyadic coping, benefit finding, and family adaptation. Therefore, clinical staff should promptly identify patients and spouses with poor coping abilities and provide them with positive psychological interventions to enhance the dyadic coping abilities of both partners and assist them in overcoming the problems encountered during the treatment process, ultimately helping them better cope with family crises.
Participation of teenagers with vision or motor impairments in leisure activities: a qualitative study
Authors: Veldhorst Carlijn , Wijnen Marjolein , Kef Sabina , Vervloed Mathijs P. J. , Steenbergen Bert
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Participation in everyday life activities is important for the development of children and is an important topic in rehabilitation practices. This qualitative study aimed to unveil the perspectives and experiences of teenagers with vision impairments (VIs) or motor impairments (MIs) regarding their participation in leisure activities.

Materials and methods

13 teenagers with VIs and 12 teenagers with MIs (age range: 11–15 years) participated in this study. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed following the steps of the phenomenological approach.

Results

A total of 623 significant statements were identified and assigned to 221 meaning units. Finally, 13 themes emerged. Teenagers with VIs and MIs shared many experiences and perspectives regarding participation in leisure activities.

Conclusions

Teenagers reported that they can sufficiently indicate what they experience as pleasant and sufficient considering their participation, as well as the challenges they encountered, such as their impairment, limited transport possibilities, or concerns from parents. Overall, teenagers with VIs or MIs were generally satisfied with the degree and frequency of their participation in leisure activities and felt sufficiently involved.
Exploring the relationship between website quality and equity in living donor kidney transplant
Authors: McElroy Lisa M. , Obayemi Joy E. , Shaw Brian I. , Park Christine , Caddell Keenan , Davis LaShara A. , DePasquale Nicole , Mohottige Dinushika , Boulware L. Ebony
Published: November 2024

Background

Health system websites are important resources to guide health care decisions and may be useful tools to improve racial equity in access to living donor kidney transplant (LDKT).

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional study of adult LDKT programs in the United States. We created an assessment tool for website quality across three domains: accessibility (access to LDKT specific information from the transplant center website), readability (ease of reading and clarity), and educational content (appropriateness and presentation of information, LDKT-specific content, program-specific characteristics, and adherence to equity-centered principles of web design).

Results

Among the 185 transplant center websites reviewed, only 14.6% of LDKT sites could be accessed directly from the transplant center webpage. The median suitability assessment of materials (SAM)—a validated measure of website content for chronic kidney disease (CKD)—was 45 out of 86 (IQR 4) and the median Flesch-Kincaid grade level and ease score were 9.1 (IQR 0.8) on a scale of 0–18 and 51.2 (IQR 5) on a scale of 0–100, respectively.

Conclusion

These results indicate that LDKT websites are currently not available, accessible, and understandable for many potential transplant candidates and donors. Optimizing the content and design of transplant center websites may be a promising and effective strategy for improving equity in access to LDKT.
Fluid balance of female para hockey players during simulated competition
Authors: Gavel Erica H. , Rae Samantha , Logan-Sprenger Heather M.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to characterize the hydration habits and fluid balance of female para-ice hockey players.

Methods

Fifteen players [5 defense (D), 8 forwards (F), and 2 goalies (G)] volunteered to participate in the study (age: 26.3 ± 10.9 y; ht:155 ± 11 cm; arm length: 65 ± 8 cm; leg length: 88 ± 11 cm; trunk length: 66 ± 14 cm). Players were weighed pre- and postgame, while fluid intake and individual playing time (PT) was monitored throughout the game.

Results

On average, athletes arrived hydrated to the game (USG 1.019 ± 0.006) with 40% of players arriving dehydrated (USG >1.020). Mean playing time for forwards was 11:47–28:49 min:s (18:52 ± 5:48 min:s) and for defence 13:10–18:24 min:s (15:10 ± 2.05 min:s). Sweat loss was 0.96 ± 0.64 L (0.10–2.50 L) which exceeded net fluid intake (0.61 ± 0.37 L). Mean BM loss was 0.44 ± 0.9% (−2.1 to +0.9%) with 4 of 15 players (2 D, 1 F, 1 G) losing between 1.4 and 2.1% BM. Players preferred to drink water during the game compared to a carbohydrate electrolyte solution.

Conclusion

60% of athletes arrived hydrated to the game and drank enough fluid to prevent a BM loss <1%. Of note is that 40% of players arrived at the arena mildly dehydrated based on USG, and despite abundant opportunities to drink fluid during the game, 25% of players lost >1.3% BM due to sweat loss which may compromise physical and cognitive performance.
Cardiac cement embolism and asymptomatic pulmonary embolism caused by percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral fracture: a case report
Authors: Yang Yang , Fei Qi , Long Gong Qian , Bo Wu , Jun Feng Ye , Rong Zhang , Kui Huang
Published: November 2024

Background

As society ages, the incidence of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures steadily rises. Procedures like percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) and percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) have proven effective in significantly relieving pain in patients with these fractures. While PKP and PVP are minimally invasive, complications can still occur. However, most complications are not clinically significant, with cement leakage being the most common.

Case presentation

We present the case of a patient with an osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture who underwent percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) and percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP). On the night following the procedure, the patient experienced transient discomfort in the chest, which resolved on its own. A chest CT scan the next day revealed a 5 cm arc-shaped high-density shadow near the right atrium, along with multiple high-density lung spots. After consulting with cardiothoracic surgery, interventional vascular surgery, and radiology experts, and discussing options with the patient and their family, a thoracotomy was recommended to remove the bone cement from the heart. However, the attempt was unsuccessful. Despite this, the patient made a good recovery and was successfully discharged.

Conclusions

Vascular leakage of bone cement is a potentially life-threatening complication of PKP/PVP, and it warrants careful attention.
Advanced Dynamic Vibration Control Algorithms of Materials Terfenol-D Si3N4 and SUS304 Plates/Cylindrical Shells with Velocity Feedback Control Law
Authors: Hong Chih-Chiang
Published: November 2024

A numerical, generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method is presented on applied heat vibration for a thick-thickness magnetostrictive functionally graded material (FGM) plate coupled with a cylindrical shell. A nonlinear c1 term in the z axis direction of a third-order shear deformation theory (TSDT) displacement model is applied into an advanced shear factor and equation of motions, respectively. The equilibrium partial differential equation used for the thick-thickness magnetostrictive FGM layer plate coupled with the cylindrical shell under thermal and magnetostrictive loads can be implemented into the dynamic GDQ discrete equations. Parametric effects including nonlinear term coefficient of TSDT displacement field, advanced nonlinear varied shear coefficient, environment temperature, index of FGM power law and control gain on displacement, and stress of the thick magnetostrictive FGM plate coupled with cylindrical shell are studied. The vibrations of displacement and stress can be controlled by the control gain algorithms in velocity feedback control law.
Dynamic Analysis and Equivalent Modeling for a Four-Axle Vehicle
Authors: Zeng Dequan , Luo Wei , Yu Yinquan , Hu Yiming , Zhang Peizhi , Carbone Giuseppe , Xie Dongfu , Fang Huafu , Gao Letian
Published: November 2024

This paper focuses on a comprehensive study of a four-axle vehicle, including dynamics analysis, equivalent modeling methods, and their comparison. Firstly, a linear two-degree lateral dynamic model is established, which has four drive axles and two steer axles. Secondly, the mathematical transfer function expressions for the yaw rate and the centroid sideslip angle were derived on the basis of the model. The steady-state parameters, such as yaw rate gain Gγss, centroid sideslip angle gain Gβss, stability factor Kn, equivalent axial distance ln, and equivalent centroid sideslip angle coefficient Kn’ were obtained by using the transfer functions. Then, the steady-state and transient characteristics are roundly discussed, including steady-state parameters, system root trajectory, frequency domain, and time domain. Some recommendations for the four-axle vehicle’s parameter design are also given. Finally, for a more simple and efficient analysis of response characteristics of four-axle vehicles and even n (n > 4) axle vehicles, the equivalent model is developed for the four-axle vehicle, and comprehensive analyses are presented with four equalization methods, which are based on the inner heart of the approximation triangle, the outer heart of the approximation triangle, the center of gravity of the approximation triangle and the compensation point. Following a thorough analysis of the four, it is determined that the inner approximation triangle solution approach is most suited for four-axle vehicles.
Rotary–Linear Type Piezoelectric Actuator Based on Double-Elliptical Stator
Authors: Čeponis Andrius , Mažeika Dalius
Published: November 2024

This paper introduces a novel piezoelectric actuator designed for precise linear and rotational movements of a cylindrical slider-rotor. The actuator’s design features two elliptical frames interconnected by two plates, with a cylindrical contact situated on the top of the upper plate to facilitate the motion or rotation of the slider. Two piezoelectric multilayer transducers are housed within each elliptical frame and are used to excite vibrations of the elliptical frames using two harmonic signals with a phase difference of π/2 and varying excitation schemes. This excitation pattern generates elliptical motion trajectories of the contact in two orthogonal planes, enabling both linear and rotational displacements of the slider-rotor. Numerical and experimental investigations were conducted to validate the performance and accuracy of the actuator. Additionally, harmonic response and transient analysis were performed to investigate elliptical motion trajectories of the contact in perpendicular planes under various excitation schemes and frequencies. The results confirm that the rotational and linear motions of the slider-rotor can be independently controlled. The actuator achieved a maximum rotational speed of 163.1 RPM and a maximum linear speed of 41.4 mm/s, with a corresponding peak output torque and force of 236.1 mN·mm and 368.1 mN, respectively. A resolution measurements showed that the actuator can achieve an angular resolution of 1.02 mrad and a linear resolution of 53.8 µm.
Building a Sustainable Future: Challenges, Opportunities, and Innovative Strategies for Destination Branding in Tourism
Authors: Aman Eliyas Ebrahim , Papp-Váry Árpád Ferenc , Kangai Deborah , Odunga Sebastian Ongango
Published: November 2024

The current sustainability concerns affect visitors’ behavior and competitiveness of destinations. For these reasons, the destinations need sustainable and innovative branding to address sustainability concerns, stand out in a competitive market, meet changing visitor preferences, and ensure long-term competitiveness in a dynamic global environment. In this regard, identifying and understanding challenges, opportunities, and innovative strategies are critically important. An integrative literature review method was employed using the Scopus database. The study identified major challenges, such as growing environmental concerns, the dynamic advancement of new technologies and artificial intelligence, health and safety concerns, diversity and inclusion, economic and geopolitical uncertainties, local community engagement, and competitive markets. Conversely, responsible tourism, the digital landscape, wellness and health, cultural festivals and events, accessibility and inclusivity, creative industries, and authenticity have been identified as future tourism branding opportunities. Based on the literature insights, the paper provides readers with essential information and advances the field of tourism and hospitality as it identifies challenges, opportunities, and innovative branding strategies in the industry. Furthermore, this work contributes to existing literature and proposes future research agendas.
Navigating Adversity: Revisiting Entrepreneurial Theories in the Context of the Occupied Palestinian Territories
Authors: Lipinski John , Shomali Ra’id Q.
Published: November 2024

This paper examines how political conflict shapes entrepreneurial activities, with a particular focus on Occupied Palestinian Territories. It focuses on the resilience and adaptability of entrepreneurs in conflict zones and the dual role of entrepreneurship in potentially exacerbating or alleviating conflicts. This paper adopts an integrative literature review with a structured approach. It combines elements of both systematic and integrative reviews to survey and synthesize the management and entrepreneurship literature to assess the impact of political conflict on entrepreneurial activity and vice versa, necessity versus opportunity entrepreneurship, and the role of entrepreneurship in peacebuilding. The findings reveal that while entrepreneurship can be a powerful engine for growth and innovation, its role in conflict settings is complex and requires careful consideration of the sociopolitical context. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for supporting entrepreneurship in conflict-affected regions and suggests directions for future research to inform practices and contribute to sustainable peace and economic development.
Development and Evaluation of Regolith Mass Estimation Sensor Based on Photoresist Effect
Authors: Tkacz Arkadiusz , Seweryn Karol
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the design, implementation, and laboratory validation of an optoelectronic-based mass estimation sensor for regolith sampling devices. The sensor integrates multiple photoresistors into the walls of a shovel of a sampling device, where the sensors detect varying levels of light occlusion caused by the deposited regolith. By analyzing the output signals from these photoresistors, the sensor estimates the mass of the sampled regolith. The device is designed to handle a typical sample mass range of 100–300 g. Laboratory tests demonstrated that the sensor can estimate the regolith mass with a relative error of approximately 23%, which is suitable for early-stage applications where rapid, non-invasive mass estimation is essential. The shown level of accuracy underscores the potential for further refining the calibration process, enhancing sensor sensitivity, and integrating multi-sensor approaches to improve performance. This conceptual study highlights the feasibility of using optoelectronic sensors for regolith mass estimation, paving the way for future innovations in ISRU missions and other granular material sampling applications. Future work will focus on the optimization of photoresistor placements, refining the calibration process, and enhancing sensor sensitivity to improve the accuracy of mass estimation.
Optimizing Large-Scale Demand and Capacity Balancing in Air Traffic Flow Management Using Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Chen Yunxiang , Zhao Yifei , Fei Fan , Yang Haibo
Published: November 2024

Over the past forty years, air traffic flow management (ATFM) has garnered significant attention since the initial approach was introduced to address single-airport ground delay issues. Traditional methods for solving both single- and multi-airport ground delay problems primarily rely on operations research techniques and are typically formulated as mixed-integer problems (MIPs), with solvers employed to approximate optimal solutions. Despite their effectiveness in smaller-scale problems, these approaches struggle with the complexity and scalability required for large-scale, multi-sector ATFM, leading to suboptimal performance in real-time scenarios. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel neural network-based demand and capacity balancing (NN-DCB) method that leverages neural branching and neural diving to efficiently solve the ATFM problem. Using data from 15,927 flight trajectories across 287 airspace sectors on a typical day in February 2024, our method re-allocates trajectory entry and exit times in each sector. The results demonstrate that large-scale ATFM problems can be solved within 15 min, offering a significant performance improvement over the state-of-the-art methods. This study confirms that neural network-based approaches are more effective for large-scale ATFM problem-solving.
Connectivity-Enhanced 3D Deployment Algorithm for Multiple UAVs in Space–Air–Ground Integrated Network
Authors: Guo Shaoxiong , Zhou Li , Liang Shijie , Cao Kuo , Song Zhiqun
Published: November 2024

The space–air–ground integrated network (SAGIN) can provide extensive access, continuous coverage, and reliable transmission for global applications. In scenarios where terrestrial networks are unavailable or compromised, deploying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) within air network offers wireless access to designated regions. Meanwhile, ensuring the connectivity between UAVs as well as between UAVs and ground users (GUs) is critical for enhancing the quality of service (QoS) in SAGIN. In this paper, we consider the 3D deployment problem of multiple UAVs in SAGIN subject to the UAVs’ connection capacity limit and the UAV network’s robustness, maximizing the coverage of UAVs. Firstly, the horizontal positions of the UAVs at a fixed height are initialized using the k-means algorithm. Subsequently, the connections between the UAVs are established based on constraint conditions, and a fairness connection strategy is employed to establish connections between the UAVs and GUs. Following this, an improved genetic algorithm (IGA) with elite selection, adaptive crossover, and mutation capabilities is proposed to update the horizontal positions of the UAVs, thereby updating the connection relationships. Finally, a height optimization algorithm is proposed to adjust the height of each UAV, completing the 3D deployment of multiple UAVs. Extensive simulations indicate that the proposed algorithm achieves faster deployment and higher coverage under both random and clustered distribution scenarios of GUs, while also enhancing the robustness and load balance of the UAV network.
Contamination by Cadmium and Lead in Sugarcane and Its Derived Products in Ecuador
Authors: Alcívar María , Vinueza Edwin , Pernía Beatriz , Álvarez-Montero Xavier , Gallardo Alejandro
Published: November 2024

(1) Background: This research examines the contamination levels of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in sugarcane and its derived products in Ecuador, addressing the significant issue of heavy metal pollution in the country’s agricultural lands. The primary aim of this study was to quantify the concentrations of Cd and Pb in sugarcane and the products derived from it, which are available to the Ecuadorian market. (2) Methods: Samples of the most-cultivated sugarcane varieties in the country, including ECU-01, ECU-02, Cenicaña (CC85-92), and Ragnar, were obtained. To ascertain the source of contamination in the derived products, the brands of panela, white sugar, and brown sugar that are most widely consumed in the country were selected. An atomic absorption spectrophotometry analysis was performed with a graphite furnace. (3) Results: All cane varieties presented Cd and Pb contamination. The variety with the highest levels of heavy metals was Ragnar, with average values of 4.32 mg kg−1 of Pb and 0.15 mg kg−1 of Cd. In the derived products, Pb was found to exceed the maximum limits stipulated in national and international regulations (0.5 mg kg−1) in panela (2.3 mg kg−1) and white sugar (1.6 mg kg−1) sold by one of the brands. (4) Conclusions: It was found that lead (Pb) contamination is directly linked to the use of contaminated sugarcane as a raw material, along with bleaching agents.
Elite Maize Lines Having Variability in Quality Parameters—A Valuable Starting Material for Grain Quality-Oriented Breeding Programs
Authors: Babić Vojka , Nikolić Valentina , Babić Milosav , Kravić Natalija , Pavlov Jovan , Žilić Sladjana , Čamdžija Zoran , Filipović Milomir
Published: November 2024

Numerous factors, including genetic background, environmental conditions, agricultural practices, and postharvest management, affect maize grain quality. Six maize hybrids with common parental components were evaluated in micro- and production trials during five years, aiming at evaluating grain yield and grain quality traits and ascertaining the pattern of evaluated trait relationships based upon sources of variation (hybrid, year, and parental components). The parental effects were significant for the majority of analyzed quality traits, while the year effect was significant for all examined parameters. The PCAs indicated a considerable impact of the hybrids’ genetic makeup on physical parameters and kernel structure. The findings suggested the possibility of breeding simultaneously for higher protein and starch contents accompanied by a yield increase and higher protein and oil contents followed by a yield reduction. Multiple adverse interactions, which are inherently driven by the kernel structure, hamper the simultaneous breeding for higher oil and starch content. Significant quality parameter variation in the micro-trial was insufficient to provide improvement in grain quality obtained in the production trial. Although the existing variability of elite germplasm in quality parameters can be exploited, the introgression of new germplasm with high values of quality parameters per se is necessary for breeding focused on diverse applications.
Quantitative Evaluation of Post-Tillage Soil Structure Based on Close-Range Photogrammetry
Authors: Chen Xinxin , Guo Yongxiu , Hu Jianping , Xu Gaoming , Liu Wei , Ma Guoxin , Ding Qishuo , He Ruiyin
Published: November 2024

Soil tillage is essential for improving soil structure, enhancing fertility, promoting crop growth, and increasing yield. However, precise and efficient standardized methods for quantitatively evaluating post-tillage soil structure are still absent. This study aims to develop a general quantitative evaluation method for post-tillage soil structure using close-range photogrammetry. Six soil surface sample plots of different scales were selected, and two image acquisition methods and three platforms were chosen for image capture and 3D reconstruction. Geomagic Wrap was used for post-processing the models, with indicators such as clod sizes, surface flatness, and cumulative percentage used for quantitative description. Model accuracy was validated using traditional needle plate and vernier caliper measurements. The most effective combinations of image acquisition methods and 3D reconstruction platforms were identified based on modeling efficiency and quality. The results showed that combining image acquisition, 3D reconstruction platforms, and post-processing software enables high-precision 3D reconstruction and accurate digital information retrieval. Image Acquisition Method One and the AgisoftMetashape platform demonstrated the best combination in terms of model completeness, texture detail, and overall quality. This combination is recommended for the 3D reconstruction and digital information retrieval of soil surfaces. This study provides a method for evaluating post-tillage soil structure, including image acquisition, 3D reconstruction, model post-processing, and quantitative metrics.
Control of Apple Scab in Commercial Orchards Through Primary Inoculum Management
Authors: Boualleg Noure Jihan , Salomon Maria Victoria , Vilardell Pere , Aramburu Borja , Cabrefiga Jordi
Published: November 2024

Apple scab, caused by Venturia inaequalis, is one of the most important diseases in apples in all production regions and its sustainable control is still a challenge. The aim of this work was to optimize the control of apple scab through different environmentally friendly inoculum management strategies, specifically the removal of fallen leaves in winter and the treatment of ground leaves with the biological agent Trichoderma asperellum (T34 BIOCONTROL®) to inhibit or prevent inoculum development in commercial orchards. The results obtained from 4 years of trials in commercial orchards demonstrated that the combination of fungicide treatments and leaf litter management, particularly through aspiration, significantly reduced the development of apple scab in comparison with strategies commonly used by growers that are based solely on fungicide application. Both the incidence and severity of the disease in leaves and fruit decreased by over 90% when inoculum management and fungicide treatments were combined. These results highlight that reducing the source of inoculum by removing fallen leaves is an effective strategy that complements fungicide or biological control agent applications. In conclusion, combining eco-friendly strategies with standard fungicides and monitoring environmental conditions can help to reduce the frequency of phytosanitary applications, ultimately contributing to the goal of minimizing their use in the control of apple scab.
Structural and Functional Differences in the Bacterial Community of Chernozem Soil Under Conventional and Organic Farming Conditions
Authors: Poshvina Darya V. , Balkin Alexander S. , Teslya Anastasia V. , Dilbaryan Diana S. , Stepanov Artyom A. , Kravchenko Sergey V. , Vasilchenko Alexey S.
Published: November 2024

The conventional farming system, which predominates in most countries, is based on the use of agrochemical deep ploughing and other special methods. However, intensive farming has several negative impacts, including soil and water pollution and reduced biodiversity. The microbial community plays a crucial role in maintaining the health of agricultural ecosystems. In this context, we need to study how different agricultural practices affect the structural and functional characteristics of agricultural ecosystems. This study assessed the diversity, structure, and functional characteristics of the soil bacterial community in two different cropping systems. The subjects of the study were soil samples from Chernozem, which had been cultivated using the organic method for 11 years and the conventional method for 20 years. The fields are located in the southern part of the Russian Federation. Our results indicated minimal differences in the microbial diversity and soil community composition between the two systems studied. The profiling of the soil bacterial community revealed differences in the abundances of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Cyanobacteria, which were predominated in the conventional farming system (CFS), while Methylomirabilota and Fusobacteriota were more abundant in the organic farming system (OFS). Bacterial taxa and functional genes associated with nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulphur cycling were found to be more abundant in CFS soils than in OFS soils. The instrumental measurement of soil metabolic activity and microbial biomass content showed that CFS soils had higher microbiome activity than OFS soils. Overall, the study found that the agronomic practices used in conventional farming not only help to maintain the functional properties of the soil microbiome, but also significantly increase its microbiological activity and nutrient bioconversion, compared to organic farming practices.
Quantification of Phenolic Compounds and Carotenoids in a New Cauliflower Variety: Implications for Antioxidant Potential and Nutritional Breeding
Authors: Uy Neil Patrick , Lee Hak-Dong , Choi Ju-ri , Lee Sanghyun
Published: November 2024

Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea) is a highly nutritious cruciferous vegetable that has garnered increasing attention owing to its potential health benefits. This study aimed to quantify the phytochemical constituents of the new cauliflower variety “BetaCaulie” using advanced analytical methods to elucidate their potential contribution to human nutrition and health. Sinigrin (1), neochlorogenic acid (2), cryptochlorogenic acid (3), and sinapic acid (4) were abundant in the yellow variety, where their concentration reached a total content of 11.86 mg/g. Among the carotenoids, β-carotene (7) had a concentration of 210.77 mg/g. In the DPPH and ABTS+ assays, the control variety exhibited superior antioxidant activity despite having less diverse polyphenols, as evidenced by lower IC50 values of 20.67 and 24.34 mg/mL, respectively. This may be due to the high neochlorogenic acid (2) (14.89 mg/g) content of the control variety. These findings highlight the complexity of plant antioxidant mechanisms, in which different compounds interact uniquely, resulting in an overall antioxidant potential. This dichotomy highlights the potential for targeted breeding strategies that optimize polyphenol or carotenoid levels, depending on the desired health benefits or nutritional goals.
Pilot Study on a Liquid Mineral Foliar Fertilizer Mixed with Herbicides for Maize Protection and Nutrition
Authors: Hodoșan Camelia , Nistor Lucica , Poşan Paula , Bărbuică Sorin Iulius , Ianiţchi Daniela , Luţă Gabriela , Szilagyi Lizica
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study was to develop a complex composition of a foliar liquid mineral fertilizer containing NPK macroelements and microelements including Fe, Mg, B, S, Zn, Cu, Mo, Ni, V, and Cr. This complex fertilizer aims to support the optimal development and maturation of maize crops, thereby enhancing both the quality and quantity of production. In our study, an original recipe was established for a complex composition of foliar liquid mineral fertilizer, and a technological process was developed in order to obtain the recipe at the laboratory level. The designed fertilizer was a complex mixture of fertilizers with herbicides with multiple purposes, which can be used in different pedo-climatic areas and which present, at the same time, low toxicity and minimal ecological impact. A wide-spectrum mixture DICOPUR TOP containing 2,4-D acid and Dicamba was chosen as a systemic herbicide which is absorbed by plants both in the root system and also on the leaves. For conditioning the complex mixture of fertilizers with herbicides, different types of polyvinyl alcohol with different degrees of hydrolysis were used. The liquid fertilizer mixture with DICOPUR TOP was applied over two years (2021 and 2022) to the Felix maize hybrid, demonstrating significant positive effects on grain yield while effectively controlling both dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous weeds.
Influence of Genotype, Environment, and Crop Management on the Yield and Bread-Making Quality in Spring Wheat Cultivars
Authors: Ghafoor Abu Zar , Ceglińska Alicja , Karim Hassan , Wijata Magdalena , Sobczyński Grzegorz , Derejko Adriana , Studnicki Marcin , Rozbicki Jan , Cacak-Pietrzak Grażyna
Published: November 2024

Obtaining optimal wheat cultivars that balance high productivity and grain processing quality in diverse environmental and crop management conditions requires a comprehensive assessment of the influence of genetic and environmental factors and their interactions. This study investigated the influence of these factors on yield, grain quality, and bread-making traits in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. The study was conducted at four trial locations in the temperate climate area over two consecutive growing seasons, each with two different crop management approaches (moderate and high input). We observed a strong influence of genotype on grain quality (e.g., protein content, test weight) and farinographic in spring wheat. Environmental factors strongly influenced the variability of dough softening and quality number among the studied rheological traits. However, we observed that crop management significantly impacted dough stability. The strength of the relationships between yield, grain quality, and bread-making traits depended on the specific crop management used. The multi-trait stability of genotypes in yield, grain quality, and bread-making traits also varied, depending on the crop management method.
Integrated Rice-Snail-Crayfish Farming System Shapes Soil Microbial Community by Enhancing pH and Microbial Biomass in South Subtropical China
Authors: Wu Wenxiang , Du Xuesong , Qin Zhiwei , Liu Qingrong , Pan Fujing
Published: November 2024

Within the framework of sustainable agriculture, the integrated rice-snail-crayfish farming system has been recognized as a highly efficient agroecological approach that enhances crop production while minimizing the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Nonetheless, the mechanisms by which this system influences soil microbial community composition to achieve these benefits remain unknown. In this study, we focused on traditional rice farming (TR), the integrated rice-snail-crayfish (R-S-C) farming system, and mono-rice farming (CK), and systematically examined the impacts of these farming systems on soil chemical properties, microbial biomass, enzyme activity, and microbial community composition. Our results showed that the R-S-C significantly increased soil pH, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and the MBC/microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) ratio compared to TR, as well as the peroxidase activity. Moreover, the R-S-C significantly increased soil total phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA), bacterial PLFAs, Gram-negative bacterial (GN) PLFAs, anaerobic bacteria PLFAs, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) abundances, and the bacteria/fungi ratio compared to the other two systems. However, the soil microbial α-diversity indices, including Shannon–Wiener index (H), Simpson index (D), and Pielou evenness index (J), were significantly lower in the R-S-C system than in the other two systems. Further exploration suggested that soil pH, microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), the MBN/total nitrogen (TN) ratio, and the MBC/MBP ratio were critical factors governing microbial community composition under the three farming practices. Notably, soil pH alone accounted for 64.5% of the observed variation in microbial community composition. Path analysis using partial least squares structural equation modeling further revealed the pathways by which the R-S-C system enhanced total PLFAs, AMF, and gram-positive bacteria by regulating the soil pH and MBN/TN ratio. This study provides insights into the regulatory mechanisms driving soil microbial communities in the R-S-C system and offers a theoretical foundation for developing sustainable agricultural management practices.
The Application of Melatonin and Organic Waste Derived from Vitamin C Industry Effectively Promotes Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Cotton in Saline–Alkali Soil
Authors: Zhao Xilai , Yang Weichao , Sun Hao , Gao Mingfu , Wang Yushu , Xu Hui
Published: November 2024

Saline–alkali stress severely affects plant growth and productivity. Although melatonin can promote seed germination as a growth regulator, it cannot address the weak seedling growth caused by insufficient organic nutrients in saline–alkali soil. The RAE (residue after evaporation, an industrial waste from the industrial production of vitamin C) can enhance plant salt tolerance by stimulating vitamin C (ASA) synthesis and contains abundant small molecular organic acids. We hypothesized that the combined application of melatonin and RAE might synergistically enhance cotton germination and seedling growth. The cotton seeds used in this study were “Xin Lu Zhong No. 87”; a Petri dish simulation experiment and a pot experiment were conducted in 2023. Four treatments were set: control (CK), melatonin (MT), RAE (RAE), and the combined application of MT and RAE (MR). Compared to CK, MT significantly increased the germination rate of cotton seed (194.4%), while RAE significantly enhanced the underground biomass of cotton seedlings (40.3%) and ASA content (203.8%). Compared to MT and R, the combined application of melatonin and RAE significantly increased the ASA content (54.5%, 29.6%) in roots, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (220.3%, 89.6%) in roots, catalase (CAT) activity (15.8%, 97.5%) in leaves on the 15th day, soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) (57.2%, 9.7%), and total fresh weight (20.8%, 33.8%). Collectively, these findings indicate that the synergistic effect under the combined use of melatonin and RAE promotes cotton seed germination and seedling growth, offering a novel technical solution for salt–alkali soil cotton cultivation along with an innovative approach for the resource utilization of RAE.
Meeting Market and Societal Ambitions with New Robust Grape Varietals: Sustainability, the Green Deal, and Wineries’ Resilience
Authors: Dressler Marc
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the sustainability impact of fungus-resistant grape varieties within viticulture, addressing economic, ecological, and social dimensions. Pesticide management is of paramount importance for wineries but causes additional costs, impairs sustainability, and faces societal non-acceptance. Digital monitoring of four German wineries for two consecutive years allowed us to compare treatments of traditional and robust varietals. The results demonstrate that the latter enables a significant reduction in pesticide treatments, can be key for copper reduction, and is of paramount importance for organic winemaking. By reducing pesticide dependency, lowering operational costs, hedging risks, and improving labor efficiency, FRW present a key to sustainable viticulture. The results suggest that robust varietals present a means to comply with societal pressure and to meet EU Green Deal ambitions. This paper contributes new, practice-oriented knowledge on FRW’s role in sustainable viticulture, confirming both the ecological and economic advantages in real-world settings, alongside unique insights into social sustainability and market positioning strategies. Sustainability impact is quantified, and a newly introduced productivity metric allows for the orchestration of resilience. The findings contribute to the discourse on sustainable agriculture by validating FRW as a strategic response to climate and regulatory pressures, resilience, and competitive positioning.
Intelligent Fault Diagnosis of Inter-Turn Short Circuit Faults in PMSMs for Agricultural Machinery Based on Data Fusion and Bayesian Optimization
Authors: Wang Mingsheng , Lai Wuxuan , Zhang Hong , Liu Yang , Song Qiang
Published: November 2024

The permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) plays an important role in the power system of agricultural machinery. Inter-turn short circuit (ITSC) faults are among the most common failures in PMSMs, and early diagnosis of these faults is crucial for enhancing the safety and reliability of motor operation. In this article, a multi-source data-fusion algorithm based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) has been proposed for the early fault diagnosis of ITSCs. The contributions of this paper can be summarized in three main aspects. Firstly, synchronizing data from different signals extracted by different devices presents a significant challenge. To address this, a signal synchronization method based on maximum cross-correlation is proposed to construct a synchronized dataset of current and vibration signals. Secondly, applying a traditional CNN to the data fusion of different signals is challenging. To solve this problem, a multi-stream high-level feature fusion algorithm based on a channel attention mechanism is proposed. Thirdly, to tackle the issue of hyperparameter tuning in deep learning models, a hyperparameter optimization method based on Bayesian optimization is proposed. Experiments are conducted based on the derived early-stage ITSC fault-severity indicator, validating the effectiveness of the proposed fault-diagnosis algorithm.