bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE MORPHOLOGY OF CHRONIC POSTSTERNOTOMY OSTEOMYELITIS OF THE STERNUM, WHICH DEVELOPED AFTER CARDIOSURGICAL INTERVENTIONS
Authors: Kasatov A. V. , Chetvertnykh V. A. , Shchyotkina I. N.
Published: February 2020

Discusses the pathological changes of bone tissue of the sternum in cardiac surgery patients with post-sternotomy chronic osteomyelitis of the sternum. It is established that in the pathological process involved informed of all the vessels and bone marrow of the sternum then the bone tissue. In the examined patients revealed the devastation of the bone marrow, accompanied by inflammatory exudative manifestations. Discovered damage to blood vessels, multiple foci of hemorrhage in the bone and muscle tissue, deposition of hemosiderin, a violation of hematopoietic function of bone marrow. A significant number of sequesters. Sequestered most of trabeculae inside the bone with the transition to the cortical plate. In 3 of 4 examined patients, they are mainly localized in the region of the surgical incision throughout its length. In some cases it was noted the defeat of the periosteum and muscle, which leads to the formation of fistulas. The result is a fistulous form of chronic osteomyelitis. On the basis of pathomorphological picture was revealed that 3 patients had the place exogenous mechanism of infection of the surgical field.
MORPHOMETRIC FEATURES OF THE SPLEEN OF RATS DURING THE PERIOD OF PRESENILE CHANGES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF XENOGENEIC CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
Authors: Makalish T. P.
Published: February 2020

The article describes the structure features of spleen of presenile period rat in normal and after xenogeneic cerebrospinal fluid administration. The saline or liquor was injected intramuscularly three or ten times each 3 days in a doze 2 ml/kg. In presenile period marked changes the decrease of immune defense are observed. That proved by decline white pulp of the spleen, vanish of the lymph nodes, disappearance of the germinal centers. Three time injections of the cerebrospinal fluid caused some inhibition of degradation processes: more lymph nodes with germinal center of the lymphocytes are appeared; the edge of the zones of lymph nodes was precise. Ten time injection had slight effect on white pulp of the spleen. Significantly reduced the number of active centers of the lymph nodules with breeding zone, border of areas nodules are erased.
CHANGES IN LIVER LYMPH CIRCULATION IN DEPEND OF THE DURATION OF INHALATION INTOXICATION BY VAPORS OF HYDROGEN CHLORIDE IN THE EXPERIMENT
Authors: Garaev G. Sh. , Khydyrova Kh. F.
Published: February 2020

The aim of investigation was to study changes in liver lymph circulation with intoxication by the respiratory route. The lymph circulation is estimated depending on the speed of the lymph flow and the time of its formation. The study was conducted on 16 rabbits of the chinchilla. A model of intoxication was created on 12 rabbits by inhalation of HCl vapors. It is determined that in the first 10 days of toxicosis the lymph flow is accelerated, and the period of formation becomes faster. As increasing the periods of intoxication in the dynamics of these indicators has slowed. Also the increasing of period of toxemia leads to a deepening of changes in lymph circulation. An obvious relationship between the duration of toxicosis and the lymphatic circulation of the liver is determined. We believe that the attenuation of the detoxification function of the liver should be regarded as part of the chain of pathogenesis.
THE REPORT ABOUT THE SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL CONFERENCE «BORODINSKIE CHTENIYA» DEDICATED TO THE 90th ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTHDAY OF THE ACADEMICIAN OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, PROFESSOR YURI BORODIN, MARTH 22, 2019, NOVOSIBIRSK, NOVOSIBIRSK STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Authors: Elyasin P. A. , Mashak A. N.
Published: February 2020

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THE REPORT ABOUT THE SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL CONFERENCE «THE UNITY OF SCIENCE, EDUCATION AND PRACTICE FOR THE MEDICINE OF THE FUTURE» DEDICATED TO THE 110th ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTHDAY OF THE ACADEMICIAN OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES OF THE USSR, PROFESSOR DMITRY ZHDANOV, MAY 25, 2018, MOSCOW, SECHENOV FIRST MOSCOW STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Authors: Klochkova S. V. , Nikolenko V. N. , Nikityuk D. B.
Published: February 2020

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ABOUT THE VIIIth PLENUM OF THE BOARD OF THE SCIENTIFIC MEDICAL SOCIETY OF ANATOMISTS, HISTOLOGISTS AND EMBRYOLOGISTS
Authors: Klochkova S. V. , Shemyakov S. E. , Khayrullin R. M. , Nikityuk D. B.
Published: February 2020

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THE VARIABILITY OF THE FORM AND OF DIMENSIONS OF SMALL GLANDS OF THE VESTIBULE OF THE VAGINAE IN THE POSTNATAL ONTOGENESIS
Authors: Shadlinskaya S. V. , Movsumov N. T.
Published: February 2020

The aim of the study is the determining of the variability of the forms and some dimensional indicators of the small glands of the vestibule of the vagina in the main periods of human postnatal ontogenesis by the macro-microscopic method. On 163 total vestibule preparations of the vagina of different ages, the shape and size of the small glands were studied. The glands were stained with methylene blue solution. The results of the study showed that the size parameters of the glands of the walls of the vestibule of the vagina, during the period of postnatal ontogenesis, increase in comparison with the neonatal period and reach the maximum ontogenetic value in the 1st period of mature age. Starting from the 2nd period of mature age, the size of the initial part of the small glands of the vestibule is reduced. Compared with the 1st period of mature age, the length of the initial section of the glands in old age decreases 1.5-1.7 times, the width of the initial section decreases 1.3-1.7 times. The shape of the glandular apparatus of the vestibule of the vagina also changes significantly throughout postnatal ontogenesis. In newborns and in early childhood, the glands are predominantly of the simplest form - with one initial part. The maximum diversity of the form of the small glands of the vestibule is at the age of 22-35 years. This is reflected in a decrease in the occurrence of simple-shaped glands with one initial section and an increase in the percentage of more complex glands with a significant number of initial sections.
THE INFLUENCE OF AN IMMOBILIZATION STRESS ON A STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CONDITION OF MAST AND PARAFOLLICULAR CELLS OF A THYROID GLAND OF A RAT
Authors: Mangusheva L. Kh. , Bryukhin G. V.
Published: February 2020

It is known that parafollicular and mast cells share in maintaining of a homeostasis of a thyroid gland. The purpose of the study is to the analysis of influence of an immobilized stress on a morpho-functional condition of parafollicular and mast cells of a thyroid gland of a rat. The study is performed on white not purebred laboratory male rats, which were divided into 2 groups: 1 group - 10 intact animals; the 2nd group - 10 animals subject to an immobilized stress, by their rooming in Kogan's camera. Paraffin cuts of a thyroid gland were painted by 0,1% solution toluidine blue and silver nitrate across Grimelius in Nikonov's modifications. The morpho-functional condition of mast cells and С-cells were estimated by determination of their quantity, subpopulation structure of cages on extent of granular saturation and degranulation, with the subsequent calculation of the index of granular saturation and the index of degranulation. As a result of model of an immobilized stress change of subpopulation structure of both mast and parafollicular cells, increase in the index of their granular saturation, and also decrease in the index of degranulation is received that prove the depressing of functional activity of these cells of a thyroid gland.
WHAT NEED CONSIDER AS A STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF THE HUMAN LIVER?
Authors: Aminova G. G.
Published: February 2020

The article discusses the issues of structural and functional organization of the human liver. The analysis of classical ideas in this problem is carried out and their shortcomings are shown. The data of a number of authors are presented in whose works on the reconstruction of the hepatic lobules in humans and cats it was shown that the liver parenchyma consists of complexes of the hepatic lobules. Each complex of hepatic lobules is a combination of 2-4 classic lobules, united by one common base. The central veins in the lobules of the complex begin with the 2nd third of the length of the lobule. Merging, they form a collective vein located in the common base of the lobules. The hepatic lobule complex is morphologically and functionally combined. Separate classic hepatic lobule in the liver is rare. The author proves that portal lobules and hepatic acini do not exist as real morphological structures, since their volumetric reconstruction cannot be created.
THE LATENT ASYMMETRY OF THE SYSTEMIC ORGANIZATION OF THE HUMERUS OF THE DOMESTIC BULL (BOS TAURUS) AS EVIDENCE OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL-FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENTIATION OF THE BONES OF THE MAMMALIAN LIMBS
Authors: Yashina I. N. , Ivanov A. V. , Klochkova S. V.
Published: February 2020

Differences in the degree of development of the bones of the proximal part of the thoracic limbs are associated with the peculiarities of the biomechanics of the mammalian species. Symmetric locomotion is characteristic of Bovinae. In the comparative anatomical aspect, it is of interest to clarify the asymmetry of the anatomical structures that provide this kind of movement. The purpose of the study is the analyze the features of the structure and systemic organization of the humerus of large cloven-hoofed animals with a dorso-stable type of locomotion using the example of a domestic bull. The results of a study of the features of the systemic organization of the anatomical structures of the humerus of the domestic bull based on the measurement of its osteometrical parameters are presented. On each bone of 40 animals, 29 structures were measured. The values of the linear parameters were normalized, the transverse diameter of the bone shaft in the middle of its length was taken as a unit. Further, separately in the group of drugs of the right and left sides, the normalized values of linear and angular parameters were processed by the method of factor analysis. Three factors have been identified that affect the structure of the right humerus, four - on the structure of the left humerus. The parameters present in the system organization of both bones were identified as systemically stable. Analysis of the structure of the anatomical organization of the humerus of the bull allowed to identify five basic systemically stable parameters in the structure of the proximal epiphysis, three in the structure of the diaphysis and eight in the structure of the distal epiphysis. Parameters that are present only in the system organization of one of the bones and indicate an asymmetry in the performance of the function are designated as systemically unstable. There are four unstable parameters at the level of the proximal epiphysis, two at the distal level. The asymmetry of the systemic organization is manifested due to the difference in the implementation of the motor function at the levels of the epiphyses of the bone. As a result of the study, it was found that the basic systemically stable parameters that ensure the transmission of animal weight play a key role in the formation of the systemic organization of the humerus. The asymmetry of systemic organization is manifested due to the difference in the realization of motor function at the levels of the epiphyses of the bone, which indicates the morphological and functional differentiation of the epiphyses of mammals, reflecting the specificity of the type of movement.
THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE ACCIDENTAL INVOLUTION OF THE THYMUS AT THE EXPERIMENTAL CANCEROGENESIS
Authors: Kotyolkina A. A. , Merkulova L. M. , Kostrova O. Yu. , Struchko G. Yu.
Published: February 2020

The development of tumors in the body is a powerful factor in the dysfunction of the immune system. The features of involution processes in the thymus in experimental carcinogenesis are due to impaired metabolism in the body as a whole and the production of lymphoid cells with altered functions. The purpose of the study is to summarize data from modern scientific literature and own research on the accidental transformation of the thymus and the reaction of its cellular structures against the background of experimental carcinogenesis with the development of a mammary gland tumor, stress and the combined effect of these factors. Based on the analysis, it was found that dendritic and mast cells of the thymus respond most actively to tumor growth and stress. Morphometric parameters and changes in organ's cytoarchitecture correspond to the phases of the development of accidental involution, which is most pronounced with the combined effect of two factors. A significant role in these processes belongs to biogenic amines and hormones. The introduction of carcinogens leads to a structural reorganization of the gland: the lobules become more elongated, the interlobular spaces increase, the thickness of the cortical and the area of the medulla increase. There is a decrease in the number of S-100+-cells, an increase in the number of mast cells with a predominance of degranulated and completely devastated forms. The level of histamine in the cells of the pre-medullar area decreases in 1,3 times, in the thymocytes of the cortex and medulla in 1,7 times. Along with the change in the level of biogenic amines, there is a decrease in the ratio of their ratio, which indicates an increase in the functional activity of cells. Against the background of stress, as an additional factor that depresses the immune system, there is a pronounced disorganization of the thymus lobes: a decrease in the thickness of the cortical and the area of the medulla, expansion and filling of the interlobular connective tissue septa with adipose tissue. The number of dendritic cells also decreases and the content of degranulated and completely devastated forms of mast cells increases, the level of histamine significantly decreases in all structures. Thus, data from the literature and our own research indicate that the combined effect of carcinogenesis and stress leads to more pronounced changes in the structure of the thymus in the process of accidental involution and the structural specificity of its manifestations.
THE COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF AGE, SEXUAL AND TYPOLOGICAL MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF UNPAIRED BRANCHES OF THE ABDOMINAL AORTA OF ADULTS ACCORDING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Gaiyvoronsky I. V. , Bykov P. M. , Gaivoronskaya M. G. , Sinenchenko G. I.
Published: February 2020

The rapid development of transplantation, endovascular and minimally invasive surgery necessitates a detailed study of the structural features of the vessels of the abdominal cavity. The purpose of the study is the characteristics of the morphometric parameters of the abdominal aorta and its unpaired branches in men and women at different ages and depending on the body type. The analysis of 266 computer tomograms of the abdominal part of aorta and its unpaired branches was carried out in adult men women divided into three age groups (first and second periods of mature age and elderly age), as well as into three groups according to the Pinier index (asthenic, normosthenic and hypersthenic body types). It was established that individual morphometric parameters of the abdominal part of aorta and its unpaired branches in men and women significantly change with age. It is proved that the diameter of the aorta at various levels significantly increases with age from the first mature to the elderly age by an average of 5 mm. However, in men, the length of the abdominal aorta, celiac trunk and main trunk of the superior mesenteric artery does not change with age. In women, the length of the celiac trunk increases with age at 5.9 mm, the length of the main trunk of the superior mesenteric artery - at 17 mm. The angle of discharge of the celiac trunk in men changes unevenly with age - in the second period of mature age, there is a statistically significant decrease by an average to 12.3°, then in old age an increase to 15°. Moreover, in women, the values of this indicator vary more evenly. The angles of discharge of other vessels did not show a clear age dependence, since this parameter is largely due to the constitutional features. The aorto-mesenteric distance changes with age only in women. In elderly age, it is on average 4.4 mm larger than in the first period of mature age. It was also found that there are significant differences between constitutional types identified using the Pinier index in the overwhelming majority of the morphometric parameters studied. The obtained information has a significant clinical importance, since it will allow objectifying the diagnostic criteria of various vascular syndromes and minimizing the risk of endovascular interventions.
THE STANDING AND THE FORM OF THE DOME OF THE DIAPHRAGM AFTER LUNGS SURGERIES
Authors: Vasyukov M. N.
Published: February 2020

Surgical operations on the lungs are accompanied by certain topographic-anatomical changes in the chest. These include displacement of the mediastinum, reduction of the intercostal spaces and the rise of the dome of the diaphragm on the side of the operation. These changes are relevant in clinical anatomy and surgery. The purpose of the study is to identify patterns of topographic-anatomical changes in the diaphragm after lung operations. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of computed tomograms of 113 patients (76 lobectomy, 36 pneumonectomy) after lung operations was performed at various times after the intervention. The level of the diaphragm dome, its shape before the operation, in the early postoperative period, 3, 6, 12 months after the intervention were analyzed. It was revealed that the degree of elevation, the shape, the dynamics of changes in the dome of the diaphragm depends on the volume of the operation and the duration of the postoperative period. Changes after pneumonectomy are irreversible, after resection of the lungs, these changes are reversible. The elevation of the dome of the diaphragm leads to changes in the topography of the abdominal organs. The results of the study should be considered when performing invasive diagnostic procedures, surgical interventions on the chest and abdominal organs.
THE ANATOMICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL VARIABILITY OF THE INCISIVE CANAL IN HUMAN DEPENDING AT BONE PALATE TYPE
Authors: Kalmin O. V. , Ilyunina O. O. , Zyulkina L. A.
Published: February 2020

Information on the size, anatomy and topography of the incisive canal is necessary to prevent complications during reconstructive operations in the anterior part of maxilla. The aim of the study was to study the variant anatomy and topography of the incisive canal depending on the type of bone palate. The objects of the study were computed tomograms of 174 adult people of both sexes from the age of 21 to 35 years (80 men and 94 women). The objects of study were divided into groups of leptostaphilia, mesostaphilia and brachistaphilia depending on the value of the palatine index of the face. On cone-radial computed tomograms were measured the number of nasal and incisive openings, their size and shape, the distance from the incisive opening to the labial-lower and palatine-lower points of the alveolar process and the anterior teeth of the upper jaw, the length, shape, type and angles of the incisal canal, the distance from the incisive canal to the tops of the roots of the upper incisors and canines, the thickness of the bone tissue anteriorly to the incisive canal. It was established that the sizes of the nasal and incisive openings, the length of the incisive canal were greater in men, and the distances from the incisal opening to the labial-lower and palatine-lower points of the alveolar process - in women. The length of the incisal canal in individuals of the leptostaphilia group is greater than in individuals of the brachistaphilia group. The thickness of the alveolar bone from the labial wall of the incisive canal to the vestibular cortical plate of the alveolar process at the level of the palatine and middle third of the length of the incisive canal in individuals with brachistaphilia is greater than in individuals with leptostaphilia. The angle of inclination of the incisal canal relative to the plane of the bone part of palate in individuals with brachistaphilia is greater than in individuals with leptostaphilia, and relatively the long axis of the alveolar bone, on the contrary, is smaller. Thus, the incisor canal in adults has a pronounced individual variability in size, shape and topography, depending on the type of bone palate and sex.
THE ANTHROPOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF PARAMETERS OF HEAD AND FACE IN ADULTS WITH BETA THALASSEMIA MAJOR
Authors: Shadlinskaya R. V. , Sultanova N. N.
Published: February 2020

The aim of the study was to conduct an anthropometric analysis of the parameters of the head and face in adult patients with beta thalassemia major. The anthropometric parameters of the soft tissues of the head and face were studied in 34 patients with large β-thalassemia: 16 men (mean age 23,3±0,9 years) and 18 women (mean age 21,8±1,5 years). To describe the craniofacial characteristics of the subjects, 38 linear parameters of the head and face were measured by the L. Farkas method. The average values of the parameters were compared with the parameters of a healthy group of people identical in gender, age and ethnic origin. The results of the study revealed that 1/3 of the anthropometric parameters of the soft tissues of the head and face in patients with large β-thalassemia differed from the data of a healthy group of people. In patients with beta thalassemia major, a decrease in the size of the head, nose and lower jaw was revealed. A decrease in the front height of the head, the combined height of the head and face, the length of the head, the width of the head, the width of the base of the skull indicates insufficient growth of the bones of the facial skull in these patients. Thus, a morphological examination of the parameters of the soft tissues of the head and face provides a more detailed picture of their features and morphogenesis of the craniofacial structures, which is important in the diagnosis of the disease and the treatment of patients with beta thalassemia major.
EFFECTS OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT DELIVERY OF THE VEGF GENE BY CORD BLOOD CELLS IN LIMB ISCHEMIA AREA IN RATS
Authors: Samatoshenkov I. V. , Andreev S. A. , Boychuk N. V.
Published: February 2020

The effects of delivery of recombinant human VEGF165 gene under conditions of direct and cell-mediated gene therapy were studied in the model of posterior limb ischemia. Immediately after the creation of the ischemia model, a solution with the VEGF gene (Ad-VEGF group) or the mononuclear blood cells of the human umbilical cord (PCC) mononuclear cells (group CCP + Ad-VEGF) transduced by the same gene was injected into the distal part of the gastrocnemius muscle. At day 14, an increase in the number of CD31- and CD34-immunopositive cells in the ischemic gastrocnemius muscle was shown in both groups of animals. The number of CD31- and CD34-immunopositive cells in the Ad-VEGF group increased by 23% and by 2 times, respectively, and by 4 and 5 times, respectively, in the CKP + Ad-VEGF group. At this time, the number of CD31-immunopositive cells in the CKP + Ad-VEGF group was greater by a factor of 3, and the CD34-immunopositive cells by a factor of 2 compared with the Ad-VEGF group. A significantly larger increase in the number of endothelial cells, when delivered to the ischemia region of the VEGF gene by PPC compared to direct injection of the gene into the same region, indicates a significantly higher efficiency of angiogenesis under conditions of cell-mediated gene therapy.
MORPHOLOGY OF NASAL POLYPS IN PATIENTS WITH ALTERED IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIVITY
Authors: Sukhachev P. A. , Sergeev O. S. , Prokhorenko I. O. , Panina M. I.
Published: February 2020

Morphological-functional characteristics of nasal polyps were studied in 88 patients with rhinosinusitis polyps. The tissue of a polyp had typical picture, multi-rows ciliated epithelium with a large number of goblet celts. Different stages of polyp maturation were observed: from edematous to perivascular and diffuse cellular infiltrates consisting of eosinophils, lymphocytes and mast cells. Their presence proves allergic nature of rhinosinusitis, which as any pathology process by stress is accompanied. At the early stage, chronic stress downregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines, while upregulating the anti-inflammatory cytokines. All the steps induced continued increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and finally inflammation, which induce various diseases. The final stage of polyp maturation was characterized by fibrous induration of its stroma with cirrhosis signs.
THE VARIABILITY OF SHAPE AND MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS AND OF THE INFERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE OF SKULLS OF ADULTS
Authors: Karayeva S. D.
Published: February 2020

The aim of the study was to identify the variability of morphometric parameters and the shape of the inferior orbital fissure. The forms and morphometric parameters of the lower orbital gap were studied in 131 passportized skulls of people of different ages from the craniological collection of the fundamental museum of the human anatomy chair of the Azerbaijan Medical University. Craniometric studies were carried out according to conventional methods. The digital data of our study were subjected to statistical processing, observing general provisions for medical and biological research. The study showed that, depending on the variability of the width of the 5 variants of the inferior orbital fissure. The most common are the inferior orbital fissure of medium width. The size and shape of the orbital fissure and orbits are interrelated and mediated by types of the scull. The size of inferior orbital fissure men more than women.
THE ANATOMY OF STRUCTURES OF THE KNEE JOINT AT DEFORMING ARTHROSIS ACCORDING TO THE DATA OF VITAL AND POST-VITAL STUDIES
Authors: Semenov A. A. , Gaivoronsky I. V. , Khominets V. V. , Kudyashev A. L. , Gaivoronskaya M. G.
Published: February 2020

In the anatomical part of the study on 50 non-embalmed and 50 polymer-embalmed anatomical preparations of the knee joint of an adult were studied the degenerative-dystrophic changes in the bone and auxiliary elements of the knee joint with deforming arthrosis of the I and III stage. The objects of the clinical part of the study were patients with degenerative-dystrophic changes in the knee joint of varying severity who underwent x-ray examination (150 people), magnetic resonance imaging (60 people), diagnostic arthroscopy (35 people). For determine the stage of gonarthrosis in patients, the classification of N.S. Kosinskaya (1961) was used. Identified in the study of anatomical preparations of the knee joint with I stage of gonarthrosis degenerative-dystrophic changes were present in all patients with a similar severity of arthrosis of the knee joint and were confirmed by the results of their additional examination. It study is shown that for the diagnosis of degenerative meniscus ruptures and degenerative changes in the cruciate ligaments of the knee joint, the most informative method is magnetic resonance imaging, and diagnostic arthroscopy does not provide an exhaustive diagnosis of these manifestations. The performed comparison of vital and post-vital morphological manifestations of I stage gonarthrosis, as well as an analysis of the effectiveness of the applied diagnostic techniques convincingly indicates the need for this category of patients to perform x-ray studies and magnetic resonance imaging of the knee joint. When performing magnetic resonance imaging of the knee joint with III stage gonarthrosis trabecular edema of varying severity was found, localized mainly in the subchondral bone tissue of the internal condyles of the tibia and femur, and signs of avascular necrosis of the condyle of the condyle were revealed. The analysis of the intravital diagnostic methods used in patients with III stage gonarthrosis and comparing their results with the data of anatomical studies of knee joint preparations with the same stage of the degenerative-dystrophic process, indicated sufficient visualization capabilities of each from presented methods for additional examination.
THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE INFLAMMATION OF THE GASTRIC AND DUODENUM MUCOSA WITH HELICOBACTER PYLORI CONTAMINATION
Authors: Shcherbakov I. T. , Leont'ieva N. I. , Filippov V. S. , Grachyova N. M. , Solov'yova A. I. , Vinogradov N. A.
Published: February 2020

The aim of the study was to study the morphological features of the inflammatory processes of the mucous membrane of various parts of the stomach and duodenum in patients with chronic gastritis and duodenitis. 24 patients (18 men and 6 women) were observed with chronic gastritis and duodenitis associated with Helicobacter pylori. The average age of the patients was 47 years. 120 biopsy samples of the mucosa of different parts of the stomach and duodenum were studied using histological, histochemical, morphometric and microbiological methods. Histological and microbiological examination of biopsy specimens revealed chronic antral gastritis, chronic fundal gastritis and chronic diffuse pangastritis. Superficial chronic duodenitis was rare and was erosive only in 11.4%. Helicobacter pylori in biopsy of stomach samples were detected more often in associations of various forms. Chronic antral gastritis of the type B was characterized by a predominantly high activity of the pathological process, moderate atrophy of the pyloric glands and a high incidence of small bowel metaplasia. Violations of the microvasculature, hemorrhages in the interfoveolaris part, plethora of blood vessels, and sludge in the capillaries were revealed in the lamina propria of the mucosa of the antrum of the stomach; lymph nodes with pronounced germinal centers were observed in half the cases. In the interfoveolaris part of the lamina propria of the mucous membrane, a high density of inflammatory cell infiltrate was observed, in which plasmocytes, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, fibrocytes, eosinophilic and neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages were detected. Chronic fundal gastritis of the type B was characterized mainly with moderate and minimal activity of the pathological process. Helicobacter pylori were detected on the surface of the entire epithelium. Focal small intestinal metaplasia and atrophy of the main glands were rarely detected. Atrophy of the main glands was predominantly and minimal and was often combined with hyperplasia of parietal cells. The density of the inflammatory cellular infiltrate remained high; plasmocytes, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, eosinophilic and neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages were found in it (in decreasing order). The study of biopsy samples of the mucosa of different parts of the stomach and duodenum against the background of contamination with a pyloric helicobacter revealed the presence of chronic antral, fundal gastritis and chronic duodenitis of the II-III degree with the development of small bowel metaplasia and dysplasia.
AGE-RELATED CHANGES OF THE PROFILE FIELD OF NEURONS OF THE AREA 7 OF THE BRAIN OF MEN AND WOMEN IN THE PROCESS OF THE AGING
Authors: Agapov P. A. , Bogolepova I. N. , Malofeeva L. I.
Published: February 2020

The aim of the work is to study changes in the profile field of pyramidal neurons in the cortex of field 7 of the brain of men and women in the aging process. A cytoarchitectonic study of the cortex of field 7 of the upper parietal region of the brain of men and women was carried out on a series of frontal paraffin sections stained by the Nissl method. The brain preparations of men and women of three age groups were studied: the groups of mature age (from 20 to 60 years), the elderly group (from 60 to 75 years) and the group of senile age (from 75 years and older). In each age group, 5 preparations of the male brain and 5 preparations of the female brain were studied. Age-related changes in the cytoarchitectonics of the profile field of pyramidal neurons in the cytoarchitectonic layers of the third and fifth cortex fields 7 of the brain of men and women were studied. As a result of the study, it was revealed that in the process of aging of the brain of men and women, changes in similar morphometric indicators of field 7 cortex occur at different age periods, the dynamics of age-related changes in functionally different cytoarchitectonic layers III and V of the cerebral cortex of men and women are also different.
Estratégia de crescimento econômico e mercado de trabalho no Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Tiago , Proni Marcelo Weishaupt
Published: February 2020

O texto critica os fundamentos da estratégia neoliberal de crescimento econômico e analisa suas implicações para o mercado de trabalho nacional. Primeiro, examina a estratégia adotada no governo FHC (focada no controle da inflação, na austeridade fiscal e na abertura comercial), na qual empregos e salários são vistos como variáveis de ajuste macroeconômico. Na sequência, explica a estratégia desenvolvimentista concebida no governo Lula e modificada no governo Dilma, na qual são enfatizados os impactos positivos do dinamismo econômico e das políticas sociais sobre o mercado de trabalho. Em seguida, reproduz os principais argumentos presentes no debate recente entre expoentes dos dois enfoques. Expõe, então, o retorno da estratégia neoliberal no governo Temer e seus efeitos negativos sobre o mercado de trabalho. Ao final, sugere que a radicalização da estratégia neoliberal no governo Bolsonaro agravará os problemas crônicos do mercado de trabalho brasileiro.
Distribuição de renda na América Latina em perspectiva histórica
Authors: Mattos Fernando Augusto Mansor de
Published: February 2020

Este artigo procura compreender o recente processo de redução da pobreza e da desigualdade econômica nos principais países da América Latina nos anos 2000. O estudo chama a atenção para duas especificidades da região: ao mesmo tempo em que reúne os países mais desiguais do mundo, também concentra as poucos nações que conseguiram obter redução da desigualdade de renda nos anos 2000. O artigo está dividido em quatro seções, nas quais são ressaltadas as especificidades dos países da região, no que se refere à questão da distribuição de renda, em comparação internacional. Nas seções seguintes, são discutidos aspectos histórico/estruturais e institucionais que explicam a elevada desigualdade do continente e também permitem a compreensão da natureza da reversão dos indicadores de pobreza e desigualdade a partir de 2014, quando o boom de commodities mostrava sinais de esgotamento. As conclusões destacam a necessidade de manter políticas que levem ao crescimento econômico e que sejam acompanhadas de políticas públicas de enfrentamento da desigualdade de renda e da pobreza.
Sensorineural Hearing Loss Due to Exposure of Noisy Trains on Populations Around Turirejo Train Railroad Cross
Authors: Wardhani Diana Kusuma , Mukono Jojok Mukono
Published: February 2020

Introduction: As one of the preferred modes of land transportation, the frequency of train services was very high. One of the negative impacts arising from train activity was noise. The high noise intensity of the train causes hearing loss. Method: This study aims to analyze the differences in the incidence of hearing loss in 2 groups of residents in Turirejo Lawang Malang. This research used the observational method and the data were analyzed descriptive qualitative. A total of 20 people were selected as respondents by purposive sampling. Noise intensity was measured by Sound Level Meter and audiometric measurements were examined at SIMA Malang Laboratory. Result and Discussion: The prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss was more common in residents whose homes at 3-7 m away from the railroad tracks. In addition, residents who lived at least 15 years at a distance of 3-7 m also experienced more hearing loss. One cause of hearing loss is due to exposure to high noise and for a long time and will damage the hair cells in the cochlea, causing hearing loss. If noise exposure continues and for a long period of time damage to hair cells will be permanent and cannot return to normal. Conclusion: There needs to be a policy from the government in determining the minimum limit of the distance of the house to the railroad tracks. In addition, it is necessary to install a barrier near people’s homes to reduce noise.
Customized in Situ Functionalization of Nanodiamonds with Nanoparticles for Tuned (Bio)Sensing Platforms
Authors: Montes Raquel , Sanchez Gerard , Zhao Jingjing , Palet Cristina , Bastos Arrieta Julio , Baeza Mireia
Published: February 2020

The incorporation of nanomaterials on (bio)sensors based on composite materials has led to important advances in analytical chemistry field due to the extraordinary properties that these materials offer. Nanodiamonds (NDs) are a novel type of material that has raised much attention, as they have the possibility of being produced on large scale by using relatively inexpensive synthetic methodologies. Moreover, NDs present some other interesting features as suitability for fluorescence due to surface functionalization and a proved biocompatibility, which makes them well suited for biomedical applications. In addition, NDs can be modified with metallic nanoparticles (NP), such as silver or gold, in order to combine the special features of both. The aim of this research work is the nanostructuration of novel sensing devices using NDs combined with silver (Ag@NDs) and gold (Au@NDs) nanoparticles. A complete morphological and electrochemical characterization as function of the prepared nanocomposite composition have been performed in order to improve the electroanalytical properties of the developed (bio)sensors.
Electrical Resistivity Tomography as a Support Tool to Estimate Physicochemical Properties of Mining Tailings Pond
Authors: Gabarrón María , Martínez-Pagán Pedro , Martínez-Segura Marcos A. , Martínez-Martínez Silvia , Faz Ángel , Acosta Jose A.
Published: February 2020

Legacy mining industry has left a large number of tailings ponds exposed to water and wind erosion that causes serious environmental and health problems. Prior to rehabilitation actions a deep sampling of the materials infilling the pond used to be necessary. Thus, the primary objective of this study is to demonstrate the usefulness of the Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) method as a non-invasive tool to determine the physicochemical composition of mine tailings ponds, enabling more efficient and low-cost surveys. To achieve this objective, three ERT profiles and three boreholes in each profile were carried out, from each borehole three waste samples from differents depths were collected and a geochemical characterization of the samples was carried. In order to estimate the composition of the infilling wastes in tailing ponds from electrical resistivity measures, several regression models were calculated for different physicochemical properties and metal concentrations. As a result, a high resistivity area was depicted in profiles G2 and G3 while a non-resistive area (profile G1) was also found. Relationships among low resistivity values and high salinity, clay content and high metal concentrations and mobility were established. Specifically, calibrated models were obtained for electrical conductivity, particles sizes of 0.02-50 µm and 50-2000 µm, total Zn and Cd concentration, and bioavailable Ni, Cd and Fe. Therefore, the ERT technique could be considered as a useful tool for mine tailings ponds characterization, and it can be used to estmate some physicochemical properties and metal concentrations of this mine waste.
Study on the Mechanical Characteristics and Operating Envelope of Freestanding Drilling Riser in Deepwater Drilling
Authors: Wang Yanbin , Gao Deli
Published: February 2020

Freestanding drilling riser (FSDR), a new type of riser in deepwater drilling, though not in commercial use, can significantly reduce the engineering sensitivity to severe weather compared to the conventional risers. The optimal installation depth of the near surface disconnection package (NSDP) and the optimal number of buoyancy cans are two important parameters in the FSDR system. In this paper, the key mechanical problems of the FSDR system have been proposed and the mechanics of the FSDR system in normal drilling mode and freestanding mode have been studied. The above two optimal parameters have been calculated on the basis of a specific marine environment and system configuration. The operating envelope of the FSDR system has been figured out through parameter sensitivity analysis. Analysis results show that the NSDP should be installed 200 m below the sea surface to avoid strong wave-current profile and enhance the performance of the FSDR in freestanding mode. From the mechanical point of view, the weakest section of the FSDR is located at the junction between the buoyancy cans and the riser joints, where stress joint should be equipped to improve the stress condition of the system. Further, the maximum von Mises stress of the FSDR in normal drilling mode is the dominant factor restricting the increase of the number of buoyancy cans. The normal operating envelope of the FSDR is mainly limited by the deflection angle of the upper flexible joint (UFJ) and the von Mises stress. On the basis of the mechanics and operating criteria of the FSDR, the optimal number of buoyancy cans is six and the vessel offset should be less than 2% of the water depth to ensure the safety of the FSDR in normal drilling mode. Finally, suggestions on the future study on the FSDR system have been proposed.
Achieving blood pressure control targets in hypertensive patients of rural China – A pilot randomized trial
Authors: Huang Xiao , Liu Lishun , Song Yun , Gao Lan , Zhao Min , Bao Huihui , Qin Xianhui , Wu Yanqing , Wu Qinghua , Bi Chonglei , Yue Aiping , Fang Chongqian , Ma Hai , Cui Yimin , Tang Genfu , Li Ping , Zhang Yan , Li Jianping , Wang Binyan , Xu Xiping , Wang Hong , Parati Gianfranco , Spence J. David , Wang Xiaobin , Huo Yong , Chen Guangliang , Cheng Xiaoshu
Published: February 2020

Background
This study aimed to test the feasibility and titration methods to achieve specific BP control targets in hypertensive patients of rural China.
Methods
A randomized, controlled, open-label trial was conducted in Rongcheng, China. We enrolled 105 hypertensive participants aged over 60 years, and who had no history of stroke and cardiovascular disease. The patients were randomly assigned to one of three systolic BP target groups: standard: 140 - < 150mmHg; moderately intensive: 130 - < 140mmHg; and intensive: <130mmHg. Patients were followed for 6 months.
Discussion
The optimal target for SBP lowering is still uncertain worldwide and such information is critically needed, especially in China. However, in China the rates of awareness, treatment and control are only 46.9%, 40.7% and 15.3%, respectively. It is challenging to achieve BP control in the real world and it is very important to develop population-specific BP control protocols that fully consider the population’s characteristics, such as age, sex, socio-economic status, compliance, education level and lifestyle. This randomized trial showed feasibility and safety of the titration protocol to achieve desirable SBP targets (<150, <140, and <130mmHg) in a sample of rural Chinese hypertensive patients. The three BP target groups had similar baseline characteristics. After 6 months of treatment, the mean SBP measured at an office visit was 137.2mmHg, 131.1mmHg, and 124.2mmHg in the three groups. Home BP and central aortic BP measurements were also obtained. At 6 months, home BP measurements (2 hours after drug administration) showed a mean SBP of 130.9 mmHg in the standard group, 124.9 mmHg in the moderately intense group, and 119.7 mmHg in the intensive group. No serious adverse events were recorded over the 6-month study period. Rates of adverse events including dry cough, palpitations, and arthralgia were low and showed no significant differences between the three groups. This trial gained real world experience and laid the foundation for a future large-scale BP target study.
The different dietary sugars modulate the composition of the gut microbiota in honeybee during overwintering
Authors: Wang Hongfang , Liu Chunlei , Liu Zhenguo , Wang Ying , Ma Lanting , Xu Baohua
Published: February 2020

Background : The health of honeybee colonies is critical for bee products and agricultural production, and colony health is closely associated with the bacteria in the guts of honeybees. Although colony loss in winter is now the primary restriction in beekeeping, the effects of different sugars as winter food on the health of honeybee colonies are not well understood. Therefore, in this study, the influence of different sugar diets on honeybee gut bacteria during overwintering was examined.
Methods: The bacterial communities in honeybee midguts and hindguts before winter and after bees were fed honey, sucrose, and high-fructose syrup as winter-food were determined by targeting the V4 region of 16S rDNA using the Illumina MiSeq platform.
Results: The dominant microbiota in honeybee guts were the phyla Proteobacteria (63.17%), Firmicutes (17.61%; Lactobacillus , 15.91%), Actinobacteria (4.06%; Bifidobacterium , 3.34%), and Bacteroidetes (1.72%). The dominant taxa were conserved and not affected by season, type of overwintering sugar, or spatial position in the gut. However, the relative abundance of the dominant taxa was affected by those factors. In the midgut, microbial diversity of the sucrose group was higher than that of the honey and high-fructose syrup groups, but in the hindgut, microbial diversity of the honey and high-fructose groups was higher than that in the sucrose group. Sucrose increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria (Bifidobacteriales Bifidobacteriaceae ) and Alphaproteobacteria (Rhizobiales and Mitochondria ) of honeybee midgut, and honey enriched the Bacteroidetes and Gammaproteobacteria (Pasteurellales) in honeybee hindgut. High-fructose syrup increased the relative abundance of Betaproteobacteria (Neisseriales: Neisseriaceae ) of the midgut.
Conclusion: The type of sugar used as winter food affected the relative abundance of the dominant bacterial communities in honeybee guts, not the taxa, which could affect the health and safety of honeybee colonies during overwintering. The presence of the supernal Alphaproteobacteria, Bifidobacteriales, and Lactobacillaceae in the gut of honeybees fed sucrose and cheaper than honey both indicate that sucrose is very suitable as the overwintering food for honeybees.