bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Which Arm Position Is a Hill-Sachs Lesion Created?
Authors: Kawakami Jun , Yamamoto Nobuyuki , Hatta Taku , Shinagawa Kiyotsugu , Itoi Eiji
Published: June 2019

Background:

It has been believed that a Hill-Sachs lesion (HSL) is created with the arm in abduction and external rotation at the time of dislocation. However, no studies have clarified the arm position in which an HSL is created.

Purpose:

To determine the arm position in which an HSL is created.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

The computed tomography images of 100 shoulders of 100 patients (72 males and 28 females; mean age, 30 years old) with recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder were investigated using an image analyzing software. Three-dimensional surface bone models of the scapula and humerus were created separately. The humerus was moved so that the HSL perfectly fit the anterior rim of the glenoid. This arm position was recorded 3-dimensionally.

Results:

Considering the scapulohumeral rhythm, the average arm position in which the HSL and the anterior glenoid rim best fit was 74° of abduction, 27° of external rotation, and 3° of horizontal flexion relative to the trunk.

Conclusion:

The arm position when an HSL and the anterior glenoid rim best fit is 74° of abduction, 27° of external rotation, and 3° of horizontal flexion, which seems to be the arm position when the HSL has been created. This result suggests 2 possibilities: dislocation occurred in this midrange position or HSL was not created at the time of dislocation but later in the mid–range of motion. However, as we have no information on the arm position at the time of dislocation, we cannot conclude which of these possibilities is true in our study.

Clinical Relevance:

This study gives us a better understanding of the timing of HSL occurrence. Shoulder dislocation may occur at the end range of motion or in the mid–range of motion, but an HSL is created in the mid–range of motion.
Environmental and administrative EVIAVE-based approach for landfill siting
Authors: Avelino Catarina , Monteiro Carlos , Teixeira Carlos , Ferreira Fátima
Published: June 2019

Landfill site selection is a relevant and necessary issue for waste management. However, it is an extremely complex task since it must take into account different environmental, economic and socio-political criteria that need to comply with strict regulations and meet different opinions. Accordingly, in this paper we propose a multi-criteria EVIAVE- (Evaluación del impacto ambiental en vertederos) based approach to evaluate the suitability of a set of possible landfill locations and rationally provide an optimal location for a landfill. The approach requires a comprehensive analysis to identify the best feasible site(s) that minimize a Global Landfill Risk Index (GRI), focused on environmental, economic and administrative impacts, and simultaneously comply with governmental regulations and constraints. This GRI is based on the Environmental Landfill Index, Administrative Landfill Index, Environmental Risk Index, Environmental Value, Probability of Contamination and Contamination Risk Index. An innovative feature of this approach lies in incorporating a mathematical model that combines weighted environmental and administrative issues. The model not only provides an optimal landfill location but also establishes landfill location ranks according to indexes of interest. This methodology reveals flexibility and high adaptability, being a useful and effective tool in the decision-making process. The methodology presented was tested with data available from a preliminary study developed in the municipalities of Oporto Metropolitan Area, Portugal, for the implementation of a multi-municipal landfill, which considers nine different locations for analysis.
How Young Women Who Aged-Out of Out-of-Home Care Conceptualize Career Development Success
Authors: Kitchenham Ashlee V. , Domene José F.
Published: June 2019

This qualitative study explored the conceptualizations of career development success among young women who had formerly aged-out of out-of-home care settings in Canada, addressing the central question: How do young people who were formerly in out-of-home care and self-identify as experiencing career development success conceptualize their career success? Data were collected using open-ended individual interviews and analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis. Three primary themes and seven subthemes embodying participants’ conceptualizations of career development success were revealed: (a) economic security (subthemes: financial stability, employment stability), (b) a supportive work environment (subthemes: feeling positive about oneself, feeling supported by/connected to coworkers), and (c) suitable career fit (subthemes: having idiosyncratic needs met, pursuing meaningful work, experiencing personal and professional growth).
Teaching and Learning Pharmacy Services: A Teaching Method for Developing Competencies for Patient-Centered Care Through Experiential Learning in a Real Workplace
Authors: Foppa Aline Aparecida , Oliveira Gomes Lenyta , Raijche Mattozo Rover Marina , dos Santos Rosana Isabel , Rocha Farias Mareni , Leite Silvana Nair
Published: June 2019

Introduction:

Considering the transformation process that has been occurring in pharmacy education and the urgent need to address social health needs, proposals of teaching methods for the development of competences and skills in patient-centered care have become an issue worth discussing. The study describes and discusses the method that has been used for developing of these competencies through experiential learning in a university pharmacy in Brazil.

Educational Activity:

The Teaching and Learning of Pharmacy Services (TLPS) method encompasses 2 components: theoretical-reflexive one (developing protocols covering the patient care process) and practical-reflexive one (using the protocols with real patients). TLPS connects the 2 components in a way to enable students to acquire and apply theoretical knowledge for a comprehensive assessment of the patients’ needs and understand how clinical reasoning and decision-making take place. The assessment process is performed, by the supervisor, which evaluates the behaviors necessary for good professional performance.

Discussion:

The active learning methodologies have been effectively used in the classroom as a way to stimulate critical thinking, problem-solving, and clinical reasoning. However, experiential learning is considered a central point in the learning process and essential for knowledge building. Thus, the method herein described is shown as an innovative tool to promote self-learning, consolidation and interrelation of the acquired knowledge, easier identification of patients’ needs, normalization of behaviors, and improvement in the quality of care.
What are the effects of entry of new extremist parties on the policy platforms of mainstream parties?
Authors: Merrill Samuel , Grofman Bernard
Published: June 2019

We examine the consequences to policy-seeking, center-left and center-right parties under proportional representation following entry by extremist parties either at one or both ends of a unidimensional political spectrum. Assuming a symmetric, unimodal voter distribution, we show that the entry of a single extremist party on either the left or right drives both mainstream parties in the direction opposite to the extremist party. We argue that this three-party scenario is the most empirically relevant case in contemporary European politics. We also extend results of Casamatta and De Donder that project moderation of mainstream parties at equilibrium for PR elections with two extremist parties – one on each end – to a symmetric, unimodal voter distribution. In a setting not considered by these authors, we show that this moderating effect on the mainstream parties for a symmetric voter distribution is reversed if the voter distribution is sufficiently bimodal.
Analysis of the interface pressure exerted by the Chêneau brace in patients with double-curve adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Ahmad Asliza , Abu Osman NA , Mokhtar Halim , Mehmood Waqas , Kadri Nahrizul Adib
Published: June 2019

The Chêneau brace has proven its effectiveness in treating the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients. However, no studies reported on the analysis of interface pressure in double-curve adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients. In this study, we evaluated the interface pressure of the Chêneau brace action in double-curve adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patient treatment. A total of 72 (60 girls and 12 boys) patients aged 10 years and above participated in the study. The F-Socket transducers (9811E) were used to evaluate the pressure on the right thoracic and left thoracolumbar curves between normal and maximum strap tension and variation in these interface pressures with other tasks. Each patient was asked to do nine different tasks corresponding to daily activities, and the interface pressures for each activity were recorded for both normal and maximum tension. The resultant mean peak pressure in double-curve adolescent idiopathic scoliosis was higher for right thoracic curves than left thoracolumbar curves in all tasks. The pressure significantly increased at the task of maximal inspiration ( p < 0.0001) for both types of curves for normal and maximum tension. The degrees of correction for the thoracic and thoracolumbar curves were 23.2% and 34.5%, respectively, after 6 months of brace use (23 h per day). Hence, we could not find any substantial correlation between mean peak pressure in the standing position and degree of scoliosis correction for two curves having r = 0.158, p = 0.356 and r =  –0.024, p = 0.889 values.
Reasonable men: Sexual harassment and norms of conduct in social psychology
Authors: Young Jacy L , Hegarty Peter
Published: June 2019

Sexual harassment has received unprecedented attention in recent years. Within academia, it has a particularly reflexive relationship with the human sciences in which sexual harassment can be both an object of research and a problematic behavior amongst those engaged in that research. This paper offers a partial history in which these two are brought together as a common object of social psychology’s culture of sexual harassment. Here we follow Haraway in using culture to capture the sense-making that psychologists do through and to the side of their formal knowledge production practices. Our history is multi-sited and draws together (1) the use of sexual harassment as an experimental technique, (2) feminist activism and research which made sexual harassment an object of knowledge in social psychology, and (3) oral history accounts of sexual harassment amongst social psychologists. By reading these contexts against each other, we provide a thick description of how sexual harassment initiates women and men into cultures of control in experimental social psychology and highlight the ethical-epistemological dilemma inherent in disciplinary practices.
Human impact and population dynamics in the Neolithic and Bronze Age: Multi-proxy evidence from north-western Central Europe
Authors: Feeser Ingo , Dörfler Walter , Kneisel Jutta , Hinz Martin , Dreibrodt Stefan
Published: June 2019

This paper aims at reconstructing the population dynamics during the Neolithic and Bronze Age, c. 4500–500 cal. BC, in north-western Central Europe. The approach is based on the assumption that increased population density is positively linked with human activity and human impact on the environment, respectively. Therefore, we use archaeological 14C dates and palaeoenvironmental data from northern Germany and south-western Denmark to construct and compare independent proxies of human activity. The latter involves relative quantification of human impact based on pollen analysis and soil erosion history inferred from summarizing of dated colluvial layers. Concurring patterns of changes in human activity are frequently recorded on a multi-centennial scale. Whereas such multi-proxy patterns are interpreted to indicate relative population changes, divergent patterns are discussed in the context of proxy-related uncertainties and potential biases. Patterns of temporal distribution of increasing and decreasing human activity are understood as ‘boom and bust’ phases in population density/size. Based on the comparison of the three proxies, we identify five phases of growing (boom) and four phases of decreasing (bust) population. The boom phases date to ca. 4000–3500, 3000–2900, 2200–2100, 1450–1300 and 1000–750 cal. BC. The bust phases to ca. 3200–3000, 2400–2300, 1650–1500 and 1200–1100 cal. BC.
Unemployment and the rate of psychoactive-substance-related psychiatric hospital admission in regional Queensland: An observational, longitudinal study
Authors: Bui Tuan Anh , Wijesekera Ninel
Published: June 2019

Objectives:

To examine the relationship between a regional economic downturn (indicated by the rise of population unemployment rate) and the rate of psychoactive-substance-induced psychiatric hospital admissions in the population in a rural/regional setting.

Methods:

Hospital admission records from January 2013 to December 2016 were reviewed retrospectively. All patients with admissions to the Mackay inpatient psychiatric unit with diagnosis of mental and behavioural disorders due to psychoactive substance use were recorded using (ICD-10) F10-F19 codes. The relationship between the regional unemployment rate and the hospital admission rate was analysed using linear regression analysis.

Results:

A statistically significant regression was found (F(1,46) = 39.46, p < 0.0001), R2 = 0.46). The predicted number of admissions per 100,000 population in a month was observed to increase on average by 3.13 per month (95% CI = 2.12–4.13, p < 0.0001) for each percentage increase in the regional unemployment rate.

Conclusions:

There was a statistically significant association between the population unemployment rate and the rate of substance induced psychiatric hospital admissions. Implications for regional Australian service provision and unmet needs were discussed. Further research is required to confirm this observation.
Effect of delayed plasma centrifugation on equine adrenocorticotropic hormone concentration
Authors: Shepard Kayla N. , Haffner John C. , Neal Dwana L. , Grubbs Steven T. , Pearce Greg L.
Published: June 2019

Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentration is used in the diagnosis of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) in horses. We enrolled 10 horses, 5 PPID-positive and 5 PPID-negative, in our study, September 20–22, 2016. On day 0, 5 mL of whole blood was collected into each of 6 EDTA tubes and immediately placed in a refrigerator at 7°C. One tube was centrifuged within 15 min of collection, followed by centrifugation of one tube from each horse at 4, 8, 12, 24, and 36 h following collection. At each time, centrifuged plasma was pipetted into 1.5-mL polypropylene tubes and stored at −80°C. None of the plasma samples were turbid, hemolyzed, or icteric. Plasma was shipped frozen with cold packs overnight to the Animal Health Diagnostic Center of Cornell University (Ithaca, NY) for analysis. The percent change from baseline (PCFB) was reported to standardize the data given that baseline values differed. The mean PCFB was 2.8 (95% confidence interval: –2.9%, 7.0%). Neither refrigeration of whole blood for up to 36 h prior to centrifugation nor freezing affected plasma ACTH concentrations significantly.
Concurrent Adult-Onset Diffuse β-Cell Nesidioblastosis and Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Orujov Mushfig , Lai Keith K. , Forse Catherine L.
Published: June 2019

Nesidioblastosis is an uncommon cause of organic persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in adults. We report a case of adult-onset diffuse β-cell nesidioblastosis in a 49-year-old woman who was status-post Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and distal pancreatectomy for a well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. While the neuroendocrine tumor was suspected to be an insulinoma, persistent hypoglycemia postoperatively suggested either incomplete resection or a second pancreatic neoplasm. Completion pancreatectomy revealed islet β-cell hyperplasia and nuclear pleomorphism consistent with β-cell nesidioblastosis. The patient’s blood glucose levels normalized after completion pancreatectomy. While β-cell nesidioblastosis and insulinomas can coexist in the same patient, pathologists should be aware of β-cell nesidioblastosis as a potential cause for hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia and should exclude it in patients who have not shown definitive clinical response after surgical excision of a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor.
Influence of Tibial Component Position on Altered Kinematics Following Total Ankle Arthroplasty During Simulated Gait
Authors: Saito Guilherme H. , Sturnick Daniel R. , Ellis Scott J. , Deland Jonathan T. , Demetracopoulos Constantine A.
Published: June 2019

Background:

Ankle and hindfoot kinematics following total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) are poorly understood and it is unclear whether patients can replicate physiologic motion after TAA. Furthermore, the effect of implant position on TAA kinematics is unknown. The objective of this study was to compare ankle and hindfoot kinematics pre- and post-TAA during simulated gait and determine to what degree tibial component position correlated with variations in ankle kinematics.

Methods:

Eight midtibia cadaveric specimens were utilized in this institutional review board–approved study. The stance phase of gait was simulated both pre- and post-TAA in each specimen using a 6 degrees of freedom robotic platform. Ankle and hindfoot kinematics were measured from reflective markers attached to bones via surgical pins. The effect of tibial component position on absolute differences in ankle kinematics was assessed using linear regression.

Results:

No differences were observed in ankle sagittal and coronal plane motion between the intact and TAA conditions. Differences in ankle joint kinematics were identified in the transverse plane, where internal talar rotation was significantly increased following TAA compared with the native condition. The medial-lateral position of the tibial component was found to correlate with the altered transverse plane motion observed after TAA (β = 1.861 degrees/mm, R2 = 0.72, P = .008). No significant differences in subtalar and talonavicular joint kinematics in any plane were observed comparing the pre- and post-TAA condition.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated an increased internal rotation of the ankle in the transverse plane following TAA. This increase was correlated with the medial-lateral position of the tibial implant.

Clinical Relevance:

This finding could have clinical implications for how tibial components are positioned during the operative procedure, and how implant design and position may affect ankle kinematics following TAA.
Critical Qualitative Research and Impact in the Public Sphere
Authors: Fielding Nigel G.
Published: June 2019

Critical qualitative research is at a troubled juncture. Web 2.0 has stimulated an appetite for Big Data across the policy community that maps to quantitative research, less to qualitative work. Evidence-based policy places qualitative research at the bottom of the scientific credibility scale. A lurch to the hard Right in the political world marginalizes critical research and sets back the indigenous and alienated, with whom many qualitative researchers most naturally ally. Qualitative research has a long tradition of impact in the policy world. Current trends are set against that tradition to take stock of where we are now.
Taking Public Action on Private Troubles: The Power of Hybrid Methodology Mixed Methods Research in the Public Sphere
Authors: Hesse-Biber Sharlene
Published: June 2019

Qualitative inquiry is well positioned to aid in public education on crucial social problems. Implementing a dual perspective engages not only quantitative approaches, but centers the critical role of qualitative inquiry in uncovering a multilayered analysis of the diversity and range of lived experience that can also contribute a rich perspective onto the wider quantitatively driven macro inquiry public landscape. The case studies presented provide strategies for harnessing missed opportunities for dialogue between the macro and micro level, demonstrating the importance of applying hybrid methodological and methods perspectives onto social issues that contain both words and numbers.
The 2014-2016 Homicide Rise: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Rosenfeld Richard
Published: June 2019

The five papers of the special issue are summarized and a few remaining issues for future research are identified.
Effects of famciclovir in cats with spontaneous acute upper respiratory tract disease
Authors: Kopecny Lucy , Maggs David J , Leutenegger Christian M , Johnson Lynelle R
Published: June 2019

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of famciclovir administration in cats with spontaneously acquired acute upper respiratory tract disease.

Methods

Twenty-four kittens with clinical signs of acute upper respiratory tract disease were randomly allocated to receive doxycycline (5 mg/kg PO q12h) alone (group D; n = 12) or with famciclovir (90 mg/kg PO q12h; group DF; n = 12) for up to 3 weeks. Clinical disease severity was scored at study entry and daily thereafter. Oculo-oropharyngeal swabs collected at study entry and exit were assessed using quantitative PCR for nucleic acids of feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1), feline calicivirus (FCV), Chlamydia felis, Bordetella bronchiseptica and Mycoplasma felis.

Results

The median (range) age of cats was 1.5 (1–6) months in group D vs 1.6 (1–5) months in group DF ( P = 0.54). Pathogens detected in oculo-oropharyngeal swabs at study entry included FCV (n = 13/24; 54%), M felis (n = 8/24; 33%), FHV-1 (n = 7/24; 29 %), C felis (n = 7/24; 29%) and B bronchiseptica (n = 3/24; 12%). Median (range) duration of clinical signs was 11.5 (3–21) days in group DF and 11 (3–21) days in group D ( P = 0.75). Median (range) total disease score at the end of the study did not differ between groups (group D 1 [1–1] vs group DF 1 [1–3]; P = 0.08).

Conclusions and relevance

This study revealed no significant difference in response to therapy between cats treated with doxycycline alone or with famciclovir; cats improved rapidly in both groups. However, identification of FHV-1 DNA was relatively uncommon in this study and clinical trials focused on FHV-1-infected cats are warranted to better evaluate famciclovir efficacy.
Uterine Contraction Parameters Before and During the Pre-Epidural Fluid Bolus: A Pilot Study
Authors: Benfield Rebecca , Feng Du , Salstrom Jan , Edge Melydia , Brigham Denise , Newton Edward R.
Published: June 2019

Background:

The first stage of labor is significantly longer with epidural analgesia use, implying an alteration in uterine contractility. Although the pre-epidural fluid bolus is used with every epidural and affects as many as 80% of laboring women, its effects on uterine contraction parameters are unknown.

Design:

Using a retrospective descriptive repeated measures design, we compared uterine contraction parameters including frequency, duration, peak intensity, resting tone, and Montevideo units at baseline and during the intravascular pre-epidural fluid bolus (Bolus) epochs for healthy laboring women at term gestation undergoing augmentation or induction.

Method:

Contraction parameters were compared using data from fetal monitor strips with intrauterine pressure catheter instrumentation.

Results:

No significant differences were found between epochs for women receiving constant Pitocin dosages ( n = 10) using Wilcoxon signed rank tests at .05 α level, but all parameters trended in the direction of improved contractility except frequency, which was unchanged.

Conclusions:

These pilot study findings do not support the proposal that the pre-epidural fluid bolus is a contributor to decreased uterine contractility in any parameter. It is possible that the bolus improved myometrial perfusion and metabolic function in the contracting and resting states in less hydrated women.
Evaluation of an examination chair to quantify the hip internal rotation angle
Authors: Friesenbichler Bernd , Casartelli Nicola C , Maffiuletti Nicola A , Leunig Michael
Published: June 2019

Background:

Deformities of the femoral head-neck junction are associated with limited hip internal rotation, which may lead to femoroacetabular impingement and consequently to hip osteoarthritis. This study compared inter- and intra-observer reproducibility of 3 different methods to quantify hip internal rotation.

Methods:

2 investigators assessed hip internal rotation of 30 asymptomatic participants during 2 separate testing sessions. Internal rotation was assessed by rotating the 90°-flexed hip manually while in a supine position (manual), in an examination chair capable of applying a single load (EC1) and in a newly developed examination chair with 5 load levels (EC2). Inter- and intra-observer reproducibility was compared among methods using reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient, ICC) and measurement error (smallest detectable chance).

Results:

Inter-observer reliability was good for the manual assessment (ICC = 0.83) and excellent for the EC1 and EC2 methods (ICC ⩾ 0.95) with expected measurement errors of 15.9°, 7.1° and 6.8°-14.3°, respectively. Intra-observer reliability was excellent for each method (ICC ⩾ 0.96), although measurement error ranged from 7.6°-11.8° for EC2 and was slightly higher compared to the manual (7.8°) and EC1 (5.9°) methods.

Conclusions:

Reproducibility of EC2 hip internal rotation angle assessment is superior to that of the manual assessment at specific load levels but not to the EC1 method. Future assessment devices need to incorporate a means of precisely producing and quantifying the loads applied to the hip joint in order to improve measurement reproducibility.
Plasmablastic lymphoma presenting as a brachial artery aneurysm associated with haemodialysis arteriovenous access ligation in a renal transplant patient
Authors: Franchin Marco , Amaglio Cristina , Cervarolo Maria Cristina , Piffaretti Gabriele , Uccella Silvia , Iovino Domenico , Ietto Giuseppe , Carcano Giulio , Tozzi Matteo
Published: June 2019

Introduction:

Plasmablastic lymphoma is a rare and aggressive neoplasm, generally associated with immunodeficiencies and related to latent Epstein-Barr virus infection. This case is the first reported case of plasmablastic lymphoma relapse in aneurysmatic brachial artery wall.

Case description:

We describe the case of male patient who underwent cadaveric donor kidney transplant when he was 61 years old and radio-cephalic distal arteriovenous fistula ligation 8 months later. After 8 years, he developed gingival plasmablastic lymphoma treated with cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, oncovin and prednisone regimen with subsequent remission. During follow-up, a mid-forearm vascular access was created because of the worsening of renal function. Twenty-two months later, the patient showed a symptomatic 20 mm brachial artery aneurysm with radiological signs of imminent rupture, for which he was surgically treated. The histological evaluation of the brachial artery specimen revealed a relapse of plasmablastic lymphoma in the arterial wall and in an adjacent lymph node.

Conclusion:

Brachial artery aneurysms are a rare complication in kidney transplant recipients after ligation of arteriovenous access for haemodialysis. Here, we report a case in which this condition is associated with an even rarer plasmablastic lymphoma. A common aetiology, due to immunosuppressive therapy, is postulated for the two coexisting diseases.
Decolonizing music education research and the (im)possibility of methodological responsibility
Authors: Kallio Alexis Anja
Published: June 2019

Whilst increasing attention is paid to decolonizing music education practice in the classroom, the research processes by which scholars identify, understand, and evaluate anti-colonial or decolonizing work are often entrenched in colonial logics themselves. The politics of knowledge and knowledge production between indigenous epistemes and the Academy thus raise questions as to the methodological responsibility of music education research in indigenous settings, particularly when conducted by non-indigenous researchers. Drawing upon a recent music education study conducted together with indigenous Sámi peoples in Finland, this article argues that despite the good intentions of music education scholars methodological responsibility may well be an unachievable goal. However, if we understand research ethics as more than the procedural accountability to institutional review boards or funding committees, methodological responsibility may better be understood as a condition of possibility found in relation with others. Thus, in order to decolonize music education practice, researchers are challenged to step outside of their epistemic and methodological comfort zones, and to consider how we may also decolonize music education research.
Dispossessing academics: The shift to ‘appropriation’ in the governing of academic life
Authors: Welsh John
Published: June 2019

This article offers a critical theoretical exploration of the transformation of academic life that is currently taking place under the sign of ‘neoliberalization’. The main aim is to differentiate appropriation from exploitation as strategies of surplus labour dispossession, to identify the growth of appropriative techniques in academic life, and to situate the proliferation of such techniques in the broader transformations of global political economy. Alloyed with poststructuralist social theory, the historical materialist thrust of the article demonstrates how, in the technologically articulate ‘social factory’ of advanced capitalism, the spatial operations of these techniques of dispossession have a particularly ‘aesthetic’ character that is immanent to their appropriative operation, and which renders their workings both more discreet and effective. The article aims: (1) to problematize the neoliberal concepts of efficiency, transparency, and autonomy, in terms of practical outcomes; (2) to stimulate reflexive consideration of the ‘positioning’ of academics themselves in the reproduction of these techniques; and (3) to ask how these techniques might generate new ‘historical subjects’ of struggle and organization in academic life.
Deep learning-based brace damage detection for concentrically braced frame structures under seismic loadings
Authors: Liu Heng , Zhang Yunfeng
Published: June 2019

Automated and robust damage detection tool is needed to enhance the resilience of civil infrastructures. In this article, a deep learning-based damage detection procedure using acceleration data is proposed as an automated post-hazard inspection tool for rapid structural condition assessment. The procedure is investigated with a focus on application in concentrically braced frame structure, a commonly used seismic force-resisting structural system with bracing as fuse members. A case study of six-story concentrically braced frame building was selected to numerically validate and demonstrate the proposed method. The deep learning model, a convolutional neural network, was trained and tested using numerically generated dataset from over 2000 sets of nonlinear seismic simulation, and an accuracy of over 90% was observed for bracing buckling damage detection in this case study. The results of the deep learning model were also discussed and extended to define other damage feature indices. This study shows that the proposed procedure is promising for rapid bracing condition inspection in concentrically braced frame structures after earthquakes.
Practices of exclusion, narratives of inclusion: Violence, population movements and identity politics in post-2014 northern Iraq
Authors: Costantini Irene , O’Driscoll Dylan
Published: June 2019

This article examines the practices and narratives of inclusion and exclusion in Iraq in relation to ethnic and religious minorities displaced by the Islamic State and the resulting war. Examining the displacement in Iraq through the lens of citizenship, and utilising 29 in-depth qualitative interviews with internally displaced people (IDPs) in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, this article argues that displacement has been accompanied by practices and narratives meant to include internally displaced people in a particularistic articulation of belonging rather than to ensure a substantive participation as Iraqi or Kurdistan Region of Iraq citizens. Rhetoric of citizenship in Iraq changes between civic and ethnosectarian belonging based on conflict dynamics and the competition for power, whilst remaining ethnosectarian in reality. Thus, internally displaced people and their citizenship have become entangled in wider ethnosectarian competition in Iraq, and narratives and practices of citizenship change to fit the objectives of these wider actors, mainly Baghdad and Erbil, rather than being based on inclusiveness and civic identity.
A novel feature-based probability of detection assessment and fusion approach for reliability evaluation of vibration-based diagnosis systems
Authors: Ameyaw Daniel Adofo , Rothe Sandra , Söffker Dirk
Published: June 2019

Structural health monitoring systems are based on suitable sensor techniques allowing online and offline supervision of technical systems. The quantification of sensors/measurement devices is a key issue for qualifying their effectiveness and efficiency and therefore to ensure safe operations. Probability of detection serves as a performance measure for quantifying the reliability of conventional nondestructive testing procedures taking into account statistical variability of sensor-based measurements. For vibration-based supervision approaches and fault detection and isolation methods, the probability of detection approach cannot be applied similarly. This results mainly from the complexity of the dynamical behavior of systems monitored in relation to faults, sensors position (observability), and the related feature extraction or monitoring task. In this contribution, probability of detection evaluation of vibration-based fault detection of elastic mechanical structures to be monitored is developed. Beside a principal discussion of the problem serving as introduction, an example using different sensor types in combination with mechanical modifications of an elastic beam is presented. The a90/95-criteria representing probability of 90% detection at a confidence level of 95% is examined to the measurements and related outcomes. Based on the analysis of a suitably chosen feature (like eigenfrequency or band power) and dependent on the mechanical modes considered, the efficiency and deficiency of the different combinations are shown. Based on the proposed approach, a new insight into the usefulness of different sensor type and fault position combination becomes possible. To improve the detection quality, suitable assumptions in combination with sensor/information fusion are applied to feature-based analysis as detection task using vibration measurements. In addition, based on an experimental evaluation, it can be concluded that a suitable fault-feature probability of detection analysis can be successfully implemented as a new reliable measure for vibration-based fault detection and isolation approaches. Furthermore, decision fusion as the combination of different measurements will allow the improvement of results. Dependent on noise analysis, a trade-off between flaw size detection and probability of falsely characterizing a fault with a90/95 reliability level can be attained.
Numerical simulation of acoustic emission activity in reinforced concrete structures by means of finite element modelling at the macroscale
Authors: Chisari Corrado , Guarnaccia Claudio , Rizzano Gianvittorio
Published: June 2019

Acoustic emissions have been widely used as a means to investigate the damage state of concrete structures. While successful applications have regarded the localisation of cracks, quantification of the damage and safety margin estimation have been elusive because the main approaches are mostly based on empirical observations. In this work, a methodology for the numerical simulation of acoustic emission events in reinforced concrete structures is proposed with the aim of filling this gap. It relies on a numerical model for reinforced concrete structures at the macro-scale which simulates the mechanical cyclic behaviour of the structure. Analysis of the stress and strain states in the numerical model provides the basis for the simulation of the occurrence and quantification of the events. A simple attenuation law is then used to estimate the acoustic event intensity recorded by the sensors. Application to a four-point bending test on a reinforced concrete beam confirms the capability of the model to reproduce the data recorded during the test, including the Felicity effect and the cumulative intensity curve. This could potentially open the path to a more quantitative use of acoustic emission data for structural assessment of reinforced concrete structures, directly linking mechanical models and acoustic observations.
IL-9 Exerts Antitumor Effects in Colon Cancer and Transforms the Tumor Microenvironment In Vivo
Authors: Wang Jin , Sun Mingbing , Zhao Hua , Huang Yang , Li Dongbao , Mao Deli , Zhang Zhe , Zhu Xinguo , Dong Xiaoqiang , Zhao Xin
Published: June 2019

As a newly discovered cytokine, interleukin 9 was initially considered a T-lymphocyte growth factor. Interleukin 9 affects target cells by binding to a member of the γc-family of receptors and is involved in inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and other ailments. In recent years, mounting evidence reveals that interleukin 9 exerts antitumor effects, which has attracted considerable attention. Many previous studies were performed in vivo by establishing a mouse model of melanoma. Here, interleukin 9 protein and messenger RNA expression levels were both low in colon carcinoma tissue specimens, as assessed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, interleukin 9 expression in these samples was correlated with TNM staging, Dukes staging, lymph node metastasis, and good prognosis, but not with gender, age, tumor size, tumor differentiation, and hepatic metastasis. In vivo, by establishing a mouse subcutaneous allograft model, we found that interleukin 9 overexpression inhibited tumor growth and resulted in longer survival time. Then, antitumor immune responses were increased by interleukin 9 as demonstrated by flow cytometry. Furthermore, interleukin 9 was shown to exert antitumor effects by regulating T-cell function and killing tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment. Overall, this study revealed that interleukin 9 exerts robust antitumor effects in colon cancer and transforms the tumor microenvironment in vivo.
A Useful, Delightful, and Good Reading: How Maria and Antonia Ponti Conceived a Library for Women
Authors: Zonca Elisabetta
Published: June 2019

In the second half of 19th century, newborn Italy was invaded by innovative ideas supported by democratic, liberal, and socialist intellectuals who wanted to renew social life, economy, and moral values by spreading their ideas both in politics and in everyday life. Right-wing reaction used the same methods of communication and persuasion: the publication of journals and books and their promotion in reading cabinets and public libraries. Maria and Antonia Ponti, two upper-middle-class sisters who married into aristocracy, used their influence and resources to advance the status of women in society. They founded associations and libraries (in Ravenna, Imola, and Bergamo) with the theoretical support of a network of Italian intellectuals, including Cor-rado Ricci, Vilfredo Pareto, and Maffeo Pantaleoni. The philanthropic actions of the sisters, who combined their Catholic and conservative point of view with the improvement of the condition of women, have handed down a remarkable legacy in the form of books and a collection of laces.
The Timothy 0. Webster Papers and the Pearce Civil War Collection: Using Civil War Military Collections for Women's History
Authors: Holcomb Julie L.
Published: June 2019

Working-class and rural white women and free and enslaved African American women left few material traces, making it difficult for scholars to document their experience of the Civil War. This three-part article uses the story of the Timothy O. Webster Papers, which is part of the Pearce Civil War Collection at Navarro College in Corsi-cana, Texas, to examine the possibilities and limitations of recovering women's experience of the war from military collections. The first part examines the practice of collecting Civil War documents, the history of the Pearce Civil War Collection, and the collection and preservation of the Webster letters. In the second part, I begin to reconstruct Harriet's story using letters from the Webster Papers. The final part returns to the archive to consider how archivists might aid scholars in recovering the story of Civil War-era women from military collections.
“The Person Herself is not Interesting”: Lucy Evelyn Cheesman's Life Dedicated to the Faunistic Exploration of the Southwest Pacific
Authors: Touzel Grace , Garner Beulah
Published: June 2019

Lucy Evelyn Cheesman (1881-1969) was a key figure in 20th-century entomology. During both world wars, she used her fluency in German and her practical knowledge of remote New Guinea to assist allied governments; in between wars, she was the first female curator of the Insect House of the Royal Zoological Society. Her first research trip was to the Galápagos Islands (1923-1925) at age 42; her last was to Ane-ityum Island (Vanuatu) some 30 years later. She published scientific and popular literature until shortly before her death at the age of 88 and donated more than 70,000 specimens to the collections of the Natural History Museum. Many of these were new not only to the museum but also to science. In 1948, the museum's board of trustees made Evelyn an honorary associate, and her contribution to science was further recognized in 1955 with an Order of the British Empire. This article draws on the rich store of Cheesman's personal papers, held in the Library and Archives of the Natural History Museum, to place her work as an entomologist in a biographical framework. As a scientist, she was remarkable, and as a woman unwilling to accept age- or gender-based limitations, she is inspirational.
“An Unusual Phenomenon”: The Women's Work Sub-Committee at the Imperial War Museum and how it Recorded what Women Did during the Great War
Authors: Paterson Sarah
Published: June 2019

The Imperial War Museum was formed in 1917 to be both a memorial to and a place of record of every type of British and Commonwealth activity that took place during the First World War. It was a total war that created massive social upheaval. Women played an increasingly active role as the war progressed, and the Women's Work Sub-Committee was established to record the female contribution. It was active primarily between 1917 and 1920 and gathered exhibits, uniforms, documents, publications, photographs, and artwork and commissioned models by female artists to demonstrate what women had done. This period coincided with the peak activity of women's work and its rapid decline, and there was a determination to ensure that what had happened would be permanently remembered. The resulting collection is unique in capturing an intense, brief period when women worked together for the common good in a national emergency. How it has been utilized, studied, and displayed over the past century is informative. After 1918, women may have reverted to domestic roles, but there was never any doubt that they were an important resource, and in 1939, there was considered no need to systematically collect material about women, as they were factored into the war effort from the start.
Total Surgical Plication of Left Ventricular Aneurysm Using the BioVentrix Revivent Myocardial Anchoring System
Authors: Chiariello Giovanni A. , Nesta Marialisa , Bruno Piergiorgio , Pasquini Annalisa , Ferraro Francesco , Cammertoni Federico , Marano Riccardo , Colizzi Christian , Farina Piero , D’Amario Domenico , Trani Carlo , Massetti Massimo
Published: June 2019

Surgical ventricular reconstruction (SVR) is the therapy of choice for patients with left ventricular dilatation, apical and anterolateral transmural scar, and low ejection fraction. STICH trial did not show that SVR led to improved survival but several observational studies did. However, because of the considerable operative risk, open heart surgery is considered risky in debilitated patients and clinical results are controversial. Alternative less invasive strategies for left ventricular aneurysm repair have been proposed. We present a case of a left ventricular aneurysm repair using the less invasive ventricular enhancement technique (LIVE) with the Revivent TC system (BioVentrix Inc., San Ramon, CA) in a totally surgical approach, instead of a hybrid interventional-surgical one, as previously described.
Life-cycle cost analysis of building wall and insulation materials
Authors: Kumar Dileep , Zou Patrick X.W. , Memon Rizwan Ahmed , Alam MD Morshed , Sanjayan Jay G , Kumar Sanjay
Published: June 2019

Heat transfer through building opaque envelope is responsible for approximately half of the total heat loss and gain to and from the surroundings. Therefore, insulation materials are commonly used in the building envelope to reduce the heat transfer. Recently, lightweight wall materials with lower thermal conductivity are used in construction along with the commonly used materials such as heavy concrete and earthen materials. In this perspective, there is a need to understand the optimum insulation thickness for different types of building construction materials to minimize unnecessary usage of insulation materials. This study investigated the optimum insulation thickness for different construction materials following a life-cycle approach, where an analytical optimization methodology based on the degree-days method and life-cycle cost analysis was used. In total, 4 insulation materials and 15 building construction materials were considered in the optimization study. The objective function was to minimize life-cycle cost corresponding to the decision variables including insulation thickness and the thermal conductivity of insulation and wall materials. The results showed that the use of insulation in lightweight wall materials is not economically feasible because of their negligible cost-saving potential (below US$2.5/m2-year). However, the walls with heavy concrete and earthen materials that have high thermal mass must be insulated due to their highest cost-saving potential (US$14–26.39/m2-year).