bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solar Geoengineering Research in India
Authors: Bala G. , Gupta Akhilesh
Published: November 2018

This article presents a brief account of scientific research into solar geoengineering in India in the last decade. In recent years, solar geoengineering has been proposed as an option to ameliorate the detrimental impacts of climate change in case the required emissions reductions do not take place rapidly. Hundreds of research papers have been published in the last decade by both natural and social scientists on the feasibility, effectiveness, cost, and risks, and the ethical, legal, social, political, and governance dimensions of geoengineering. Most of this research is conducted in the developed world, and very little research or discussion has taken place in the global South. However, it has been argued in several forums that the developing world should have a central role in solar-geoengineering research, discussion, and evaluation for political and moral reasons. We present here a brief account of the Indian scientific research into solar geoengineering. Climate modeling constitutes the major component of this geoengineering-relevant climate science research. The recent funding initiative by the Department of Science and Technology—the main funding agency for scientific research in India—in support of geoengineering modeling research and its efforts to bring natural, social, and political scientists together for an evaluation of solar geoengineering at meetings are also discussed. Finally, the directions for future scientific research into geoengineering in India are a lso discussed.
Salinity Profile Estimation in the Pacific Ocean from Satellite Surface Salinity Observations
Authors: Bao Senliang , Zhang Ren , Wang Huizan , Yan Hengqian , Yu Yang , Chen Jian
Published: November 2018

A nonlinear empirical method, called the generalized regression neural network with the fruit fly optimization algorithm (FOAGRNN), is proposed to estimate subsurface salinity profiles from sea surface parameters in the Pacific Ocean. The purpose is to evaluate the ability of the FOAGRNN methodology and satellite salinity data to reconstruct salinity profiles. Compared with linear methodology, the estimated salinity profiles from the FOAGRNN method are in better agreement with the measured profiles at the halocline. Sensitivity studies of the FOAGRNN estimation model shows that, when applied to various types of sea surface parameters, latitude is the most significant variable in estimating salinity profiles in the tropical Pacific Ocean (correlation coefficient R greater than 0.9). In comparison, sea surface temperature (SST) and height (SSH) have minimal effects on the model. Based on FOAGRNN modeling, Pacific Ocean three-dimensional salinity fields are estimated for the year 2014 from remote sensing sea surface salinity (SSS) data. The performance of the satellite-based salinity field results and possible sources of error associated with the estimation methodology are briefly discussed. These results suggest a potential new approach for salinity profile estimation derived from sea surface data. In addition, the potential utilization of satellite SSS data is discussed.
Learning to Be a Sensitive Professional: A Life-Enhancing Process Grounded in the Experience of the Body
Authors: Lachance Josée , Emond Geneviève , Vinit Florence
Published: November 2018

This article focuses on the bodily engagement of professionals in the context of formative adult education. It examines how the body can be lived and sensed from different angles, based on two experiential studies: one with student-teachers, in somatic education, and one with physicians, based on Awakening the Sensible Being. The research results are compared to demonstrate how participants engage in their relationships with themselves and with others and how this enriches their coherence. The research suggests that teaching body perception can be as beneficial for teachers and physicians as it is for their students and patients. In our findings, it seems that body awareness and consciousness allow professionals to process information that is not available through other channels, enabling them to offer services that respond more humanely to the demands and needs. With body awareness, they can move toward a more grounded and coherent professional practice.
Media work, identity, and the motivations that shape branding practices among journalists: An explanatory framework
Authors: Molyneux Logan , Lewis Seth C , Holton Avery E
Published: November 2018

This study offers a new way of understanding the motivations that influence media workers’ impression management (or branding) in the social media era. Amid the growing insecurity of media work generally and the particular pressures of branding oneself and promoting one’s employer online, our research introduces a framework through which to interpret the forces and factors—internal (social–psychological) and external (environmental)—that shape how and why media professionals engage in branding. Through a first-of-its-kind survey of a broad cross-section of journalists ( N = 642), this study proposes, tests, and confirms a branding alignment hypothesis. This typology sheds light on how branding activity aligns with individual, organizational, and institutional motivations as well as professional identities. Importantly, the study shows how branding is manifested over and above social media dynamics alone and reveals how “self-made” and “company” journalists differ in how they promote themselves, their employers, and the journalism occupation.
Diabetic dyslipidaemia
Authors: Berthezène François
Published: November 2018

Dyslipidaemia is likely to play a leading role in the cardiovascular risk associated with diabetes. Diabetic dyslipidaemia is characterised by hypertriglyceridaemia, a shift from large low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to smaller denser particles, and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Dyslipidaemia is closely associated with insulin resistance.

Patients with diabetic dyslipidaemia should receive lipid lowering therapy with statins or fibrates, as appropriate.

Due to the relationship between dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance, treatment of insulin resistance should be included in multifactorial risk factor modification. Thiazolidinediones such as pioglitazone may provide a useful treatment approach.
Thiazolidinedione-induced effects beyond glycaemic control
Authors: Smith Ulf
Published: November 2018

The thiazolidinediones exert their insulin sensitising effect by binding to the nuclear receptors (transcription factors) peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) γ and, to varying degrees, to PPARα. Several different genes are activated by thiazolidinediones, many of which contribute to the increase in insulin sensitivity (eg. an increase in glucose uptake and utilisation, a decrease in gluconeogenesis and in insulin-antagonistic cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor α). Activation of other genes indirectly reduces insulin resistance by, for example, increasing free fatty acid (FFA) uptake and oxidation resulting in lower circulating FFA levels. The action of thiazolidinediones at PPARγ is generally responsible for their insulin sensitising effects while action at PPARα contributes to their lipid lowering effects. Therefore, the relative affinities of the different thiazolidinediones for PPARγ and PPARα will also lead to a different spectrum of actions for each agent.
Preventing type 2 diabetes: what have we learned?
Authors: Nathan David M
Published: November 2018

The substantial burden of morbidity and mortality associated with type 2 diabetes and the high costs associated with the management of diabetic complications highlight the need for the development of strategies for the prevention of diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance is a pre-diabetic state which may present an opportunity for intervention to prevent the onset of clinical diabetes. Four recent clinical trials, the DPP, the FDPS, the STOP-NIDDM and the Da Qing study, have evaluated interventions based on diet and exercise and/or pharmacotherapy in pre-diabetic subjects. In all these trials the intervention strategies significantly reduced the incidence of diabetes. A worldwide epidemic of type 2 diabetes will occur over the coming decades and translating the results of these studies into practical and effective initiatives for diabetes prevention is an urgent clinical priority.Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis 2003;3(suppl 1):S6—S11
Is there a metabolic rationale to support a weight loss programme to prevent diabetes?
Authors: Lean Mike
Published: November 2018

It is well established that the incidences of type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance are very low at ideal body weight (body mass index [BMI] 21—22 kg/m2) but increases with increasing body fat and BMI. Adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ which secretes many hormones involved in the regulation of body weight and appetite, including leptin and tumour necrosis factor-alpha, which are related to diabetes development. Weight loss is an important goal within the overall management of diabetes, and recent intervention trials have established that the benefits of weight loss may extend to the prevention of diabetes itself. Weight loss associated with diet and exercise in the DPP and the FDPS, by the anti-obesity drug orlistat in the XENDOS trial, and by gastric surgery in the SOS study all significantly reduced the incidence of diabetes compared with controls. The prevention or reversal of obesity is therefore an increasingly important therapeutic target in the prevention of type 2 diabetes.
Is there any conclusive evidence that exercise alone reduces glucose intolerance?
Authors: Astrup Arne
Published: November 2018

Physical activity improves insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, although such effects are short-lasting and regular exercise is needed to sustain them. Weight loss, especially loss of visceral fat, appears to be especially important in improving metabolic function and clinical outcomes. The most important consequences of exercise are probably promotion of weight loss and prevention of weight gain. Substantial weight losses, associated with significant improvements in glycaemic control and reductions in the incidence of type 2 diabetes, have been observed in intervention studies in overweight or obese subjects. These benefits were achieved using intensive lifestyle interventions, pharmacotherapy or surgery. Thus, programmes of diet and exercise aimed at achieving control of body weight should play a central role in strategies for diabetes prevention.
Performance Comparison of Knowledge-Based Dose Prediction Techniques Based on Limited Patient Data
Authors: Landers Angelia , Neph Ryan , Scalzo Fabien , Ruan Dan , Sheng Ke
Published: November 2018

Purpose:

The accuracy of dose prediction is essential for knowledge-based planning and automated planning techniques. We compare the dose prediction accuracy of 3 prediction methods including statistical voxel dose learning, spectral regression, and support vector regression based on limited patient training data.

Methods:

Statistical voxel dose learning, spectral regression, and support vector regression were used to predict the dose of noncoplanar intensity-modulated radiation therapy (4π) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy head and neck, 4π lung, and volumetric-modulated arc therapy prostate plans. Twenty cases of each site were used for k-fold cross-validation, with k = 4. Statistical voxel dose learning bins voxels according to their Euclidean distance to the planning target volume and uses the median to predict the dose of new voxels. Distance to the planning target volume, polynomial combinations of the distance components, planning target volume, and organ at risk volume were used as features for spectral regression and support vector regression. A total of 28 features were included. Principal component analysis was performed on the input features to test the effect of dimension reduction. For the coplanar volumetric-modulated arc therapy plans, separate models were trained for voxels within the same axial slice as planning target volume voxels and voxels outside the primary beam. The effect of training separate models for each organ at risk compared to all voxels collectively was also tested. The mean squared error was calculated to evaluate the voxel dose prediction accuracy.

Results:

Statistical voxel dose learning using separate models for each organ at risk had the lowest root mean squared error for all sites and modalities: 3.91 Gy (head and neck 4π), 3.21 Gy (head and neck volumetric-modulated arc therapy), 2.49 Gy (lung 4π), and 2.35 Gy (prostate volumetric-modulated arc therapy). Compared to using the original features, principal component analysis reduced the 4π prediction error for head and neck spectral regression (−43.9%) and support vector regression (−42.8%) and lung support vector regression (−24.4%) predictions. Principal component analysis was more effective in using all/most of the possible principal components. Separate organ at risk models were more accurate than training on all organ at risk voxels in all cases.

Conclusion:

Compared with more sophisticated parametric machine learning methods with dimension reduction, statistical voxel dose learning is more robust to patient variability and provides the most accurate dose prediction method.
Relationships Between Affected-Leg Motor Impairment, Postural Asymmetry, and Impaired Body Sway Control After Unilateral Supratentorial Stroke
Authors: Roelofs Jolanda M. B. , van Heugten Kirsten , de Kam Digna , Weerdesteyn Vivian , Geurts Alexander C. H.
Published: November 2018

Background. The relationships between motor impairment of the affected leg, postural control asymmetry, and impaired body sway control after stroke are not well understood. Objective. To examine the relationship between motor impairment of the affected leg and reduced contribution of this leg to body sway control (ie, dynamic control asymmetry [DCA]) and to determine the relationships between impaired body sway control, DCA, and weight-bearing asymmetry (WBA). Methods. We assessed quiet-standing balance with eyes open in 70 persons with a unilateral supratentorial chronic stroke using 2 force plates. Center-of-pressure (COP) velocity was calculated for both feet together in the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions as a measure of body sway control. Bilateral AP COP velocities were used to calculate an index for DCA and weight borne on each side to calculate WBA. Fugl-Meyer assessment of the lower extremity (FMA-LE; range: 0-28) served as a measure of affected-leg motor impairment. Results. All participants with FMA-LE <24 showed pronounced DCA, but this was also true for 21% of those with FMA ⩾24. Higher DCA values were related to more WBA ( rs = 0.496; P < .001), and less ML sway control ( rs = 0.268; P = .025). AP sway control was not significantly related to either DCA or WBA. Conclusions. Even clinically well-recovered stroke survivors with (near) maximal FMA-LE scores may show clear postural asymmetry in terms of the relative contribution of the affected leg to body sway control. WBA seems to be an effective compensatory mechanism to optimize the contribution of the less-affected leg to balance, particularly in the AP direction.
Understanding turnaround leadership research: Continuity and change (2009–2016)
Authors: Liu Peng
Published: November 2018

This review paper describes the development of turnaround leadership research in educational settings to understand its trends and future directions. The review uses an established research process to make sense of the turnaround leadership literature. It identifies the continuities and discontinuities in this research area, which have strong implications for researchers in different fields. This study contributes to the research on school turnaround and provides practical guidance.
Antibody-mediated immune suppression by antigen modulation is antigen-specific
Authors: Maier Cheryl L. , Mener Amanda , Patel Seema R. , Jajosky Ryan P. , Bennett Ashley L. , Arthur Connie M. , Hendrickson Jeanne E. , Stowell Sean R.
Published: November 2018

Alloantibodies developing after exposure to red blood cell (RBC) alloantigens can complicate pregnancy and transfusion therapy. The only method currently available to actively inhibit RBC alloantibody formation is administration of antigen-specific antibodies, a phenomenon termed antibody-mediated immune suppression (AMIS). A well-known example of AMIS is RhD immune globulin prophylaxis to prevent anti-D formation in RhD− individuals. However, whether AMIS is specific or impacts alloimmunization to other antigens on the same RBC remains unclear. To evaluate the specificity of AMIS, we passively immunized antigen-negative recipients with anti-KEL or anti-hen egg lysozyme (HEL) antibodies, followed by transfusion of murine RBC expressing both the HEL-ovalbumin-Duffy (HOD) and human KEL antigens (HOD × KEL RBC). Significant immunoglobulin G deposition on transfused HOD × KEL RBC occurred in all passively immunized recipients. Complement deposition and antigen modulation of the KEL antigen occurred on transfused RBC only in anti-KEL–treated recipients, whereas HEL antigen levels decreased only in the presence of anti-HEL antibodies. Western blot analysis confirmed the specificity of antigen loss, which was not attributable to RBC endocytosis and appears distinct for the 2 antigens. Specifically, removal of KEL was attenuated by clodronate treatment, whereas loss of HEL was unaffected by clodronate in vivo but sensitive to protease treatment in vitro. Antigen-specific modulation correlated with antigen-specific AMIS, with anti-KEL treated recipients forming antibodies to the HOD antigen and anti-HEL–treated recipients developing antibodies to the KEL antigen. Together, these results demonstrate that passively administered antibodies can selectively inhibit the immune response to a specific antigen.
High-resolution mapping of the polyclonal immune response to the human platelet alloantigen HPA-1a (PlA1)
Authors: Zhi Huiying , Ahlen Maria Therese , Thinn Aye Myat Myat , Weiler Hartmut , Curtis Brian R. , Skogen Bjørn , Zhu Jieqing , Newman Peter J.
Published: November 2018

Antibodies to platelet-specific antigens are responsible for 2 clinically important bleeding disorders: posttransfusion purpura and fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT). The human platelet-specific alloantigen 1a/1b (HPA-1a/1b; also known as PlA1/A2) alloantigen system of human platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) IIIa is controlled by a Leu33Pro polymorphism and is responsible for ∼80% of the cases of FNAIT. Local residues surrounding polymorphic residue 33 are suspected to have a profound effect on alloantibody binding and subsequent downstream effector events. To define the molecular requirements for HPA-1a alloantibody binding, we generated transgenic mice that expressed murine GPIIIa (muGPIIIa) isoforms harboring select humanized residues within the plexin-semaphorin-integrin (PSI) and epidermal growth factor 1 (EGF1) domains and examined their ability to support the binding of a series of monoclonal and polyclonal HPA-1a–specific antibodies. Humanizing the PSI domain of muGPIIIa was sufficient to recreate the HPA-1a epitope recognized by some HPA-1a–specific antibodies; however, humanizing distinct amino acids within the linearly distant but conformationally close EGF1 domain was required to enable binding of others. These results reveal the previously unsuspected complex heterogeneity of the polyclonal alloimmune response to this clinically important human platelet alloantigen system. High-resolution mapping of this alloimmune response may improve diagnosis of FNAIT and should facilitate the rational design and selection of contemplated prophylactic and therapeutic anti–HPA-1a reagents.
The Benefits and Challenges of Using Patient Decision Aids to Support Shared Decision Making in Health Care
Authors: Ankolekar Anshu , Dekker Andre , Fijten Rianne , Berlanga Adriana
Published: November 2018

Shared decision making (SDM) and patient-centered care require patients to actively participate in the decision-making process. Yet with the increasing number and complexity of cancer treatment options, it can be a challenge for patients to evaluate clinical information and make risk–benefit trade-offs to choose the most appropriate treatment. Clinicians face time constraints and communication challenges, which can further hamper the SDM process. In this article, we review patient decision aids (PDAs) as a means of supporting SDM by presenting clinical information and risk data to patients in a format that is accessible and easy to understand. We outline the benefits and limitations of PDAs as well as the challenges in their development, such as a lengthy and complex development process and implementation obstacles. Lastly, we discuss future trends and how change on multiple levels—PDA developers, clinicians, hospital administrators, and health care insurers—can support the use of PDAs and consequently SDM. Through this multipronged approach, patients can be empowered to take an active role in their health and choose treatments that are in line with their values.
Solitary bone plasmacytoma: the unusual case of extra-cranial mini brain
Authors: Alfalahi Afra , Khairi Tarig , Albastaki Usama , Al sibaie Ayman , Rashid Anas , Attabib Najmedden , Raman Lakshmiah , Abedzadeh Ayoub , Iqbal Shaikh Sayeed
Published: November 2018

Solitary plasmacytoma is an uncommon tumor. We present a case in an unusually young patient demonstrating the mini brain sign that has been published in a couple of reports as a diagnostic radiological pattern produced by plasmacytoma. Identification of “mini brain appearance” on imaging can direct the radiologist and clinicians to the diagnosis of plasmacytoma and obviate the necessity of pre-operative biopsy.
RBP-Maps enables robust generation of splicing regulatory maps
Authors: Yee Brian A. , Pratt Gabriel A. , Graveley Brenton R. , Van Nostrand Eric L. , Yeo Gene W.
Published: November 2018

Alternative splicing of pre-messenger RNA transcripts enables the generation of multiple protein isoforms from the same gene locus, providing a major source of protein diversity in mammalian genomes. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) bind to RNA to control splice site choice and define which exons are included in the resulting mature RNA transcript. However, depending on where the RBPs bind relative to splice sites, they can activate or repress splice site usage. To explore this position-specific regulation, in vivo binding sites identified by methods such as cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) are integrated with alternative splicing events identified by RNA-seq or microarray. Merging these data sets enables the generation of a “splicing map,” where CLIP signal relative to a merged meta-exon provides a simple summary of the position-specific effect of binding on splicing regulation. Here, we provide RBP-Maps, a software tool to simplify generation of these maps and enable researchers to rapidly query regulatory patterns of an RBP of interest. Further, we discuss various alternative approaches to generate such splicing maps, focusing on how decisions in construction (such as the use of peak versus read density, or whole-reads versus only single-nucleotide candidate crosslink positions) can affect the interpretation of these maps using example eCLIP data from the 150 RBPs profiled by the ENCODE consortium.
Recent advances in managing brain metastasis
Authors: Kotecha Rupesh , Gondi Vinai , Ahluwalia Manmeet S , Brastianos Priscilla K , Mehta Minesh P
Published: November 2018

Brain metastases are the most common malignancy encountered in the central nervous system (CNS), with up to 30-40% of cancer patients developing brain metastases at some point during the course of their disease. The management of brain metastasis is rapidly evolving and the roles of local therapies such as whole-brain radiation therapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, and resection along with systemic therapies are in flux. An emphasis on the neurocognitive side effects associated with treatment has gained prominence. Novel molecular studies have demonstrated important evolutionary patterns underpinning the development of brain metastasis and leptomeningeal disease, which may be key to unlocking new therapeutic strategies. This article provides a framework for incorporating the results of recent randomized radiotherapy clinical trials into practice, expounds upon the emphasis on cognition being an important driver in therapeutic selection, describes the importance of CNS-penetrating systemic therapies, and provides an overview of the novel molecular insights that will likely set the stage for future developments in this field.
Ensuring we involve seldom heard voices in supporting the Data Protection Act 2018 (Section 36(2)) (Health Research) Regulations 2018
Authors: Fitzgibbon Naomi , O’Connor Joan , Taylor Mervyn , Watt Philip , Duffy Clare , Darcy Majella , Gallagher Paul , Mitchell Derick , Crowley Rachel , Cooney Marie Therese , Blake Catherine , Fullen Brona , Gallagher William , McCann Amanda , Kodate Nao , Walsh Judy , Donnelly Sarah , Davies Carmel , McAuliffe Eilish , O'Donnell Deirdre , Kroll Thilo , Ní Shé Éidín
Published: November 2018

This open letter presented by the UCD PPI Ignite executive committee outlines five concerns with regard the Data Protection Act 2018 (Section 36(2)) (Health Research) Regulations 2018. We request that that Department of Health outline a process as to how seldom heard voices will be involved in the Consent Declaration committee and request that national participation information leaflet templates are co-designed. We request for clarity as to how that act relates to the FAIR data principles and how the burden of reconsenting will be reduced. We ask that the act is linked with the Assisted Decision-Making (Capacity) Act 2015 and request the urgent development of codes of practice to support and integrate assisted decision-making into the regulations that should be underpinned with ongoing education to enable a shared understanding.
Folk Psychology Revisited: The Methodological Problem and the Autonomy of Psychology
Authors: Hartner Daniel F.
Published: November 2018

'Folk psychology' is a term that refers to the way that ordinary people think and talk about minds. But over roughly the last four decades the term has come to be used in rather different ways by philosophers and psychologists engaged in technical projects in analytic philosophy of mind and empirical psychology, many of which are only indirectly related to the question of how ordinary people actually think about minds. The result is a sometimes puzzling body of academic literature, cobbled together loosely under that single heading, that contains a number of terminological inconsistencies, the clarification of which seems to reveal conceptual problems. This paper is an attempt to approach folk psychology more directly, to clarify the phenomenon of interest, and to examine the methods used to investigate it. Having identified some conceptual problems in the literature, I argue that those problems have occluded a particular methodological confound involved in the study of folk psychology, one associated with psychological language, that may well be intractable. Rather than attempt to solve that methodological problem, then, I suggest that we use the opportunity to rethink the relationship between folk psychology and its scientific counterpart. A careful look at the study of folk psychology may prove surprisingly helpful for clarifying the nature of psychological science and addressing the contentious question of its status as a potentially autonomous special science.
Mental State Attribution for Interactionism
Authors: Tooming Uku
Published: November 2018

Interactionists about folk psychology argue that embodied interactions constitute the primary way we understand one another and thus oppose more standard accounts according to which the understanding is mostly achieved through belief and desire attributions. However, also interactionists need to explain why people sometimes still resort to attitude ascription. In this paper, it is argued that this explanatory demand presents a genuine challenge for interactionism and that a popular proposal which claims that belief and desire attributions are needed to make sense of counternormative behavior is problematic. Instead, the most promising conception of belief and desire ascriptions is the communicative conception which locates them in the context of declarative and imperative communication, respectively. Such a communication can take both verbal and non-verbal form.
Action Understanding in Infancy: Do Infant Interpreters Attribute Enduring Mental States or Track Relational Properties of Transient Bouts of Behavior?
Authors: Fenici Marco , Zawidzki Tadeusz
Published: November 2018

We address recent interpretations of infant performance on spontaneous false belief tasks. According to most views, these experiments show that human infants attribute mental states from a very young age. Focusing on one of the most clearly worked out, minimalist versions of this idea, Butterfill and Apperly's (2013) "minimal theory of mind" framework, we defend an alternative characterization: the minimal theory of rational agency. On this view, rather than conceiving of social situations in terms of states of an enduring mental substance animating agents, infant interpreters parse observed bouts of behavior and their contexts into goals, rational means to those goals, and available information. In other words, the social ontology of infant interpreters consists in goal-directed, (mis- or un-) informed bouts of behavior, by non-enduring agents, rather than agents animated by states of enduring, unobservable minds. We discuss a number of experiments that support this interpretation of infant socio-cognitive competence.
Quality of life in chronic venous disease women
Authors: Lima-Junior Dalton de , Lins-Filho Ozeas , Silva Jessica da , Leite Giselly , Gusmão Luana , Ferreira Daniela Karina da Silva
Published: November 2018

The aim of the study was to verify the relationship between physical function and quality of life in women with chronic venous disease. Physical function was evaluated by the tests: chair stand test (lower limbs strength), arm curl (upper limbs strength), 6-minute walk (aerobic fitness), back scratch (upper limbs flexibility), sit and reach (lower limbs flexibility), and time up-and-go (agility). Quality of life was assessed by e World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire, which is composed by physical, psychologic, social, environmental, and global domains. For statistical analysis, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used with an alpha of 5%. Patients evaluated were 32 (61.27 ± 7.78 years). A significant correlation was observed between the physical domain of quality of life with the chair stand test (r = 0.46; p = 0.001), arm curl (r = 0.39, p = 0.002), and 6-minute walk test (r = 0.45; p = 0.001). Also, chair stand test presented low correlation with global quality of life (r = 0.36, p = 0.004). The physical domain of quality of life measured by the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire is related to lower and upper limbs strength and physical fitness in women with chronic venous disease but presented weak correlation with the global domain of quality of life. Thus, in women with CVD, the muscular strength of lower and upper limbs, and physical fitness is correlated with the physical domain of quality of life.
When Collaboration Bridges Institutions: The Impact of University–Industry Collaboration on Academic Productivity
Authors: Bikard Michaël , Vakili Keyvan , Teodoridis Florenta
Published: November 2018

Prior research suggests that academic scientists who collaborate with firms may experience lower publication rates in their collaborative lines of work because of industry’s insistence on intellectual property protection through patenting or secrecy. In contrast, we posit that university–industry collaboration can sometimes foster specialization and boost academic contribution to open science. Specifically, research lines with both scientific and commercial potential (i.e., in Pasteur’s quadrant) provide an opportunity for a productive division of tasks between academic scientists and their industry counterparts, whereby the former focus on exploiting the scientific opportunities and the latter focus on the commercial ones. The main empirical challenge of examining this proposition is that research projects that involve industry collaborators may be qualitatively different from those that do not. To address this issue, we exploit the occurrence of simultaneous discoveries where multiple scientists make roughly the same discovery around the same time. Following a simultaneous discovery, we compare the follow-on research output of academic scientists who collaborated with industry on the discovery with that of academic scientists who did not. We find that academic scientists with industry collaborators produced more follow-on publications and fewer follow-on patents than did academic scientists without industry collaborators. This effect is particularly salient when the research line has important commercial implications and when the industry partner is an established firm.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2018.1235 .
Pharmacology and prescribing in anxiety
Authors: Robertson Deborah
Published: November 2018

This article in the series of ‘bite-sized’ pharmacology will look at the pharmacological actions of drugs used in the management of anxiety disorders. It will outline the categories of anxiety disorder and pharmacological interventions required in these disorders with reference to guidelines and formulary. The common therapeutic interventions in patients with general anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social phobia, post-traumatic stress disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder will be illustrated. Furthermore, the main types of drug used and their pharmacodynamic actions will be explored. The management will be considered within the guidance and evidence base. Exercises will be provided to help you apply this knowledge to your prescribing practice.
Non-medical prescribing on a nurse consultant-led elderly care ward
Authors: Wang Qun
Published: November 2018

Independent prescribing is an essential component of delivering cohesive care to patients. Here, Qun Wang describes the challenges and benefits of her role as a non-medical prescriber and a nurse consultant
Parasite risk assessments
Authors: Stokes Laura , Wright Ian
Published: November 2018

Risk assessments are a vital component in creating a parasite control plan. No single parasite control plan will fit all pets, but a risk assessment will enable parasite control to be optimised while avoiding over treatment. Fleas and Toxocara spp. worms are ubiquitous, with all cats and dogs likely to be exposed in their lifetime. Routine treatment for these parasites is therefore the basis for UK parasite control plans with risk assessment then helping to ascertain whether preventative treatments for other parasites are required and at what frequency. Veterinary nurses play a vital role in making parasite risk assessments through dedicated clinics, discussions at reception and by phone.
How to approach weight loss in the obese canine
Authors: Zenor Bianca
Published: November 2018

The terms ‘obese’ and ‘overweight’ are based on an animal's current bodyweight relative to an ideal bodyweight. According to a 2010 UK veterinary practice survey, slightly over 59% of dogs were classified as overweight or obese. Canine obesity increases risk and prevalence of metabolic disorders, endocrine disease, reproductive disorders, cardiopulmonary disease, urinary disorders, dermatological disease, and neoplasia. A successful obesity treatment protocol should incorporate a plan for both weight loss and weight maintenance. Weight rechecks and ongoing nutritional coaching by the veterinary healthcare team are vital components of a successful canine weight loss programme.
Packaging design for cultural objects: photogrammetry templates procedure
Authors: Sánchez Fernández Antonio J. , Prado-Campos Beatriz
Published: November 2018

The aim of this article is to provide a working basis for handling cultural objects through the design and creation of a technical package. Factors acting on the safety of a cultural object in transit are analysed with a view to preventing or minimizing the risks. The package characteristics required to establish a safe, secure and isolated environment (from the deterioration agents) also are defined. Thus, application of a digital data collection methodology is proposed to accurately design a structure suited to the piece morphology. We used one software to create a 3D model and another one to decompose it in printable templates.
Our Experience with Diagnostics of Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation
Authors: Albahri Ziad , Marklová Eliška , Vaníček Hubert , Minxová Lenka , Dědek Petr , Skálová Sylva , Talábová Marika , Vávrová Jaroslava , Rencová Eva
Published: November 2018

The aim of this study is to report our 3years experience with the screening of congenital disorders of glycosylation. A common isoelectric focusing method with immunofixation was used for analysis of serum transferrin and α1-antitrypsin, apart from several other procedures. A group of about 1000 individuals, both healthy controls and patients, mostly with signs of a metabolic disease were examined. Here we present an overview of 1) hypoglycosylation findings, 2) distribution of protein variants, 3) misguiding rare Tf variants found in our set, and 4) association of some phenotypes with various diseases.
A Contribution to Sonograph Image Quality Estimation Using Point Spread Function
Authors: Doležal Ladislav , Hálek Jan
Published: November 2018

In medical sonography, sonograph image quality is an essential aspect for the safety of both patient and doctor. Its evaluation therefore requires an accurate and objective method for measurement. In this regard, a number of methods are in current use. Most of these are based on tissue mimicking phantom imaging. In contrast, we have used another principle based on Point Spread Function (PSF) analysis which is a product of the measuring system we have developed. In this case, the measured sonograph scans a small metallic ball target that moves in a water bath on a specified trajectory. The Region Of Interest (ROI) of the sonogram containing the ball target picture is digitised and the amplitude of the pixels analysed. The result is the PSF from which we calculate the lateral resolution (LR). For this purpose, we use our own original software. Using this method, we have to date been able to plot LR characteristics over the scanning plane. The method allows us to differentiate separate scanning lines and even multiple focal areas for dynamic focussing systems. It can detect malfunctions in dynamic focussing, size of aperture, time gain compensation function and/or transducer element failure. The procedure itself is not as easy or as fast to use as tissue mimicking phantoms or 3D signal to noise ratio evaluation, but it provides accurate and objective numeric parameters corresponding to the quality of image at any specified point over the whole scanning area. It is also a very powerful tool when used in combination with the other methods mentioned above.
Non-Linear Mechanical Behavior of Visco-Elastic Biological Structures – Measurements and Models
Authors: Ďoubal Stanislav , Klemera Petr , Semecký Vladimír , Lamka Jiří , Kuchařová Monika
Published: November 2018

Mechanical properties of biological structures affect functional ability of organism. Current knowledge is prevailingly concentrated on static characteristics. The present work analyzed dynamic mechanical responses of various biological materials. Following biological structures were measured: samples of aorta walls of human origin and from model organisms, human body surface, and samples of bones of various types and origin. Linear approximation leads in case of aortas and bones to simple Voight's model. Modules of elasticity (in tensile loading) of aortas were from 102 kPa to 103 kPa. Module of elasticity of bones were from 106 Pa to 1010 Pa. Viscous coefficients of aortas were from 102 Pa.s to 103 Pa.s. Viscous coefficients of bones were from 100 Pa.s to 102 Pa.s. Nonlinearities: We found that following types of nonlinearities are significant: strain-stress relationship, time-dependent changes in elastic as well as viscose bodies. Strain and stress is well approximated by quadratic function σ = a ε2 + b ε + c with parameters a = 1833, b = 135, c = 20.0 (porcine aorta). Time-dependence in elastic coefficient: At the beginning of responses the elastic coefficient was of 42% lower then at 0.02 s of duration of the response (porcine aortas). Analogical results follow also from experiments on other structures (skin, bones).
Spectral Characteristics of the Supramolecular Complexes of Polypyrrolic Sensitizers and Cyclodextrin Carriers: Usage in Photodynamic Therapy of Tumors
Authors: Huf Martin , Kolářová Hana , Bajgar Robert , Maceček Jaroslav , Tomečka Marek , Nevřelová Pavla , Mosinger Jiří , Tomek Pavel , Strnad Miroslav
Published: November 2018

The objective of our work was to describe the photophysical properties (absorption and fluorescence) of the sensitizers TPPS4, ZnTPPS4 a PdTPPS4 and above all the complexes of these sensitizers with cyclodextrin carriers HP-α-CD, HP-β-CD and HP-γ-CD (2–hydroxypropyl-α, β, γ-cyclodextrin) in a suitable environment for the cultivation of cancerous cell lines, and to determine the optimal radioactive conditions for maximizing photodynamic effects in cancerous cells.
Klasyfikacja semantyczna rosyjskich i polskich nazw muzyki rozrywkowej
Authors: Kowalczyk Rafał
Published: November 2018

This paper presents a practical application of multifaceted research into the vocabulary of popular music in contemporary Russian and Polish. It contains explanatory notes in the first part and appendixes, i.e. mini Russian-Polish dictionaries, in the second part. Lexical entries are divided into six semantic groups with the following key concepts: jazz, rock, metal, house, techno and trance, which describe the music styles that appeal to popular tastes.
Turysta w poszukiwaniu domu: tożsamość ponowoczesna w „Encyklopedii duszy rosyjskiej” Wiktora Jerofiejewa
Authors: Stryjakowska Anna
Published: November 2018

This article investigates the issue of postmodern identity in Victor Erofeev’s Encyclopaedia of the Russian Soul with reference to Zygmunt Bauman’s thoughts on liquid modernity. The narrator of the novel can be seen as a tourist in search of a home as his attempts to define his individual identity are deeply connected with the need to find the Russian Idea.
Subiekt semantyczny w zdaniach typu „Ему хочется спать” w porównaniu z językiem polskim
Authors: Rudyk Anna
Published: November 2018

This article deals with the ways in which the semantic subject is expressed in Russian sentences such as “Ему хочется спать” and in their Polish equivalents. The dative case is the only explicit way to indicate the semantic subject. This kind of subject can also be ascertained from the context or remain undetermined if information about its referent is missing.
Художественный концепт „венчание” в повести И.А. Бунина „Деревня”
Authors: Królikiewicz Natalia
Published: November 2018

To understand the semantic content of the creative concept of ‘’the sacrament of matrimony’’ in Ivan Bunin’s novel The Village, it is necessary to focus on revealing the semantic components of ‘’culture coagulate’’ (a term by J. Stepanov) and its artistic realization on various levels of the text. This analysis allows the author to indicate that opposites (such as death and birth, wedding and funeral, tragedy and farce) are united in a way that is typical for Bunin.
Rosja jako tekst w prozie Wiktora Pielewina
Authors: Nakoneczny Tomasz
Published: November 2018

The article presents the work of Victor Pelevin, one of the most famous contemporary Russian writers, in the context of changes in literary communication. The writer uses postmodern techniques and strategies (intertextuality, decanonization, heterogeneity) and traditional cultural motifs and themes (Russian and foreign) to compensate literature for the loss of its metaphysical attributes and authority of high art.
Миф Левиафанa в творчестве Андрея Звягинцева (на материале фильмa „Левиафан”)
Authors: Waligórska-Olejniczak Beata
Published: November 2018

The article focuses on an interpretation of Andrei Zvyagintsev’s film Leviathan in the context of the Leviathan myth. The film was inspired by the Book of Job and the philosophical treatise called Leviathan or The Matter, Form and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil written by Thomas Hobbes in 17th century. The article starts with an explanation of the possible meanings of the symbol of Leviathan in various cultural and historical traditions, including the Bible and Hobbes’s book. The background is then expanded further in the interpretation of selected shots from the film, which show that the artistic text of the Russian director can be perceived as a universal parable of human life.
Выражение „голосовать ногами / głosować nogami” в современном русском и польском языках
Authors: Miturska-Bojanowska Jolanta , Ignatowicz-Skowrońska Jolanta
Published: November 2018

Since the end of the 20th century, in the Russian and Polish language the phrase голосовать ногами / głosować nogami has broadened its usage and its meaning  in both languages. This refers to the primal Latin phrase pedibus in sententiam ire.  Its popularity could be related to the influence of the English idiom vote with your feet.
Ocena użyteczności języka ojczystego (polskiego) w uczeniu się gramatyki języków obcych (angielskiego i rosyjskiego): wyniki badań
Authors: Wach Aleksandra , Jakowlewa-Pawlik Marina
Published: November 2018

This article reports a study which gathered Polish learners’ opinions about the usefulness of L1-based techniques in learning L2 English and L3 Russian grammar. The results reveal a negative correlation between the length of study and the level  of positive evaluations of the usefulness of L1-based clues. Although L1 was generally considered more useful in learning Russian, the evaluations differed considerably in relation to particular structures in both languages.
Прагматические и дидактические условия понимания иноязычного текста
Authors: Woźniewicz Władysław
Published: November 2018

The article describes the linguistic, cultural, pragmatic conditions necessary for understanding  foreign language texts. The main postulate of the article is that  an adequate understanding of a text is dependent both on knowing the meaning of the individual words and interpreting their meaning in the text as a whole. A substantial and crucial part of the article is dedicated to the description of didactic activities  for teachers aiming to develop the skills required for understanding foreign texts, both for beginners and advanced learners.
Локальная идентификация и самоидентификация жителей севернорусских городов Архангельска и Северодвинска (по фольклорно-этногра-фическим данным)
Authors: Дранникова Наталья
Published: November 2018

A local population survey based on a specially developed questionnaire was conducted to study the local identity of Arkhangelsk and Severodvinsk in the Arkhangelsk region from 2000 till 2015. The data on folklore and speech obtained allow us to analyze the distinctive features of Arkhangelsk and Severodvinsk citizens’ local identity. The study leads to the conclusion that Arkhangelsk and Severodvinsk's citizens have developed their own local identity, but with different specific characteristics. Arkhangelsk was founded as a traditional town, Severodvinsk during country's urbanization processes.