bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Offline and hungry: the effect of internet use on the food insecurity of Indonesian agricultural households
Authors: Ardianti Dela Maria , Hartono Djoni , Widyastaman Putu Angga
Published: July 2023

Food insecurity is essential since its prevalence may hinder an individual or an economy from developing. The issue still lacks attention in Indonesia, as reflected in the lagging efforts to reduce food insecurity. Meanwhile, several previous studies have found that increasing internet access may decrease food insecurity. Using a sample of 140,892 agricultural households from the National Socioeconomic Survey data, this study uses quantitative measures to evaluate the effects of internet use on the food insecurity of Indonesian agricultural households. The present study uses raw and Rasch scores to measure food insecurity, based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale question items. To estimate the effect of internet use on food insecurity, this study uses the two-stage least square estimation with topography as the instrumental variable, which is important due to the existence of an endogeneity problem. The present research also evaluates the possible mediating effect between internet use and food insecurity through households’ per capita income. Findings reveal that internet use negatively affects agricultural households’ food insecurity. This study also demonstrates that internet use can lower food insecurity in agricultural households through the mediating effects of income. From these results, policy implications are as follows; prioritization of internet infrastructure in remote areas, dissemination of information to enhance the production of agricultural households, and efforts to increase internet use among agricultural households.
Construction of CD19 targeted dual- and enhanced dual-antibodies and their efficiency in the treatment of B cell malignancy
Authors: Chen Manling , Liu Xiaoyu , Peng Nan , Zhang Ting , Mou Junli , He Huizhen , Wang Ying , Xu Yingxi , Xing Haiyan , Tang Kejing , Tian Zheng , Rao Qing , Gu Runxia , Qiu Shaowei , Wang Min , Wang Jianxiang
Published: July 2023

Background

T cell-redirecting bispecific antibodies establish a connection between endogenous T cells and tumor cells, activating T cells function to eliminate tumor cells without ex vivo genetic alteration or manipulation. Here, we developed a novel dual-specific antibody (DuAb) and an enhanced DuAb (EDuAb) with different stimulation signal to activate T cells, and evaluated their impact on the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Methods

The expression plasmids of the DuAb and EDuAb containing CD80 molecule were constructed by cloning heavy chain and light chain variable fragments from anti-human CD19 (HI19a) and CD3 (HIT3a) monoclonal antibody hybridomas, respectively. The activation and the anti-tumor efficacy of human T cells mediated by DuAb and EDuAb were evaluated in vitro. B-cell ALL xenograft NSG mouse model was established to investigate the therapeutic effect in vivo.

Results

EDuAb promoted the optimal expansion of primary human T cells with low expression of inhibitory markers in vitro than DuAb did. Both DuAb and EDuAb showed a similar capability in inducing healthy donor T cells to specifically eliminate B-ALL cell lines and primary blasts from patients. The similar ability was also observed in the patient-derived T cells. In vivo study showed that both DuAb and EDuAb significantly alleviated tumor burden and extended survival of B-ALL xenograft NSG mice. The median survival of PBS, DuAb and EDuAb treatment groups were 27, 38 and 45 days, respectively. The phenotype of T cells and cytokine release in peripheral blood (PB) of B-ALL xenograft NSG mice on day 24 were analyzed as well. The results showed that the proportion of CD8+ T cells and cytokine levels, including IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α, were higher in the EDuAb group than that of DuAb. Moreover, both DuAb and EDuAb significantly decreased the residual leukemia cells in PB of B-ALL xenograft NSG mice.

Conclusions

Both DuAb and EDuAb showed great potential as novel treatments for B-ALL in clinical applications. However, compared to DuAb, EDuAb showed a significant advantage in promoting the proliferation and survival of T cells. Furthermore, EDuAb showed a better promising effect on eliminating tumor cells and extending survival in vivo, which provides new insights for the development of new multi-specific antibodies.
Shape recovery properties of 3D printed re-entrant strip using shape memory thermoplastic polyurethane filaments with various temperature conditions
Authors: Jung Imjoo , Lee Sunhee
Published: July 2023

In this research, to confirm the applicability as the actuator of the re-entrant (RE) structure strip using 3D printing with shape memory thermoplastic polyurethane material, two types of 3D printing infill conditions and five extension temperature conditions were applied. REstrip was analyzed through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile properties, Poisson’s ratio properties, and shape recovery properties according to temperature conditions. The DSC results showed that the glass transition temperature peaks of the SMTPU filament and the 3D printed REstrip were in the range of about 30–60 °C. In terms of tensile properties, the initial modulus, maximum stress, and yield stress of REstrip all decreased, while the elongation at break increased with increasing extension temperature. In terms of Poisson’s ratio, it was confirmed that as the extension temperature rises, Poisson’s ratio shows a positive value at a lower elongation, and the deformation is best at 50 °C. As a result of the shape memory property, the shape recovery ratio tended to decrease as the tensile deformation temperature increased.
Successful reversal of remimazolam anesthesia in a “cannot intubate, can ventilate” situation: a case report
Authors: Sekimoto Shota , Kiyama Shuya , Uezono Shoichi
Published: July 2023

Background

Compared to other intravenous anesthetics, availability of a specific antagonist flumazenil is a clear advantage of remimazolam. We report a patient who could be rapidly woken up when laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation were unexpectedly difficult.

Case presentation

A 62-year-old man was scheduled to have resection of a small gingival tumor. Preoperative airway examination was unremarkable except for an omega-shaped epiglottis. Anesthesia was induced with remifentanil/remimazolam infusion and rocuronium. A small omega-shaped edematous epiglottis precluded identification of glottis. Consciousness and spontaneous ventilation were rapidly restored after administration of flumazenil and sugammadex. Tracheostomy was done under local anesthesia while the patient breathed spontaneously.

Conclusions

Remimazolam can be a reasonable induction agent when there are concerns regarding airway management. Avoiding repeated airway manipulations is extremely important to prevent deterioration into a “cannot intubate, cannot ventilate (CICV)” emergency.
A cuproptosis-related lncRNA signature for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yu Sheng , Tang Lingxue , Zhang Qianqian , Li Wen , Yao Senbang , Cai Yinlian , Cheng Huaidong
Published: July 2023

Background

Copper-induced cell death (cuproptosis) is a new regulatory cell death mechanism. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are related to tumor immunity and metastasis. However, the correlation of cuproptosis-related lncRNAs with the immunotherapy response and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients is not clear.

Methods

We obtained the clinical characteristics and transcriptome data from TCGA-LUAD dataset (containing 539 LUAD and 59 paracancerous tissues). By utilizing LASSO-penalized Cox regression analysis, we identified a prognostic signature composed of cuproptosis-related lncRNAs. This signature was then utilized to segregate patients into two different risk categories based on their respective risk scores. The identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between high- and low-risk groups was carried out using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. We evaluated the immunotherapy response by analyzing tumor mutational burden (TMB), immunocyte infiltration and Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) web application. The "pRRophetic" R package was utilized to conduct further screening of potential therapeutic drugs for their sensitivity.

Results

We ultimately identified a prognostic risk signature that includes six cuproptosis-related lncRNAs (AP003778.1, AC011611.2, CRNDE, AL162632.3, LY86-AS1, and AC090948.1). Compared with clinical characteristics, the signature was significantly correlated with prognosis following the control of confounding variables (HR = 2.287, 95% CI = 1.648–3.174,p˂ 0.001), and correctly predicted 1-, 2-, and 3-year overall survival (OS) rates (AUC value = 0.725, 0.715, and 0.662, respectively) in LUAD patients. In terms of prognosis, patients categorized as low risk exhibited more positive results in comparison to those in the high-risk group. The enrichment analysis showed that the two groups had different immune signaling pathways. Immunotherapy may offer a more appropriate treatment option for high-risk patients due to their higher TMB and lower TIDE scores. The higher risk score may demonstrate increased sensitivity to bexarotene, cisplatin, epothilone B, and vinorelbine.

Conclusions

Based on cuproptosis-related lncRNAs, we constructed and validated a novel risk signature that may be used to predict immunotherapy efficacy and prognosis in LUAD patients.
Feasibility of Goal Attainment Scaling as a patient-reported outcome measure for older patients in primary care
Authors: Stolee Paul , Mallinson Sara , Kernoghan Alison , Brierley Meaghan , Tong Catherine , Elliott Jacobi , Abdallah Lama
Published: July 2023

Background

Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) is an outcome measure that reflects the perspectives and experiences of patients, consistent with patient-centred care approaches and with the aims of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). GAS has been used in a variety of clinical settings, including in geriatric care, but research on its feasibility in primary care practice has been limited. The time required to complete GAS is a barrier to its use by busy primary care clinicians. In this study, we explored the feasibility of lay interviewers completing GAS with older primary care patients.

Methods

Older adults were recruited from participants of a larger study in five primary care clinics in Alberta and Ontario, Canada. GAS guides were developed based on semi-structured telephone interviews completed by a non-clinician lay interviewer; goals were reviewed in a follow-up interview after six months.

Results

Goal-setting interviews were conducted with 41 participants. GAS follow-up guides could be developed for 40 patients (mean of two goals/patient); follow-up interviews were completed with 29 patients. Mobility-focused goals were the most common goal areas identified.

Conclusions

Study results suggest that it is feasible for lay interviewers to conduct GAS over the telephone with older primary care patients. This study yielded an inventory of patient goal areas that could be used as a starting point for future goal-setting interviews in primary care. Recommendations are made for use of GAS and for future research in the primary care context.
Climate influences on future fire severity: a synthesis of climate-fire interactions and impacts on fire regimes, high-severity fire, and forests in the western United States
Authors: Wasserman Tzeidle N. , Mueller Stephanie E.
Published: July 2023

Background

Increases in fire activity and changes in fire regimes have been documented in recent decades across the western United States. Climate change is expected to continue to exacerbate impacts to forested ecosystems by increasing the frequency, size, and severity of wildfires across the western United States (US). Warming temperatures and shifting precipitation patterns are altering western landscapes and making them more susceptible to high-severity fire. Increases in large patches of high-severity fire can result in significant impacts to landscape processes and ecosystem function and changes to vegetation structure and composition. In this synthesis, we examine the predicted climatic influence on fire regimes and discuss the impacts on fire severity, vegetation dynamics, and the interactions between fire, vegetation, and climate. We describe predicted changes, impacts, and risks related to fire with climate change and discuss how management options may mitigate some impacts of predicted fire severity, and moderate some impacts to forests, carbon, and vegetation changes post fire.

Results

Climate change is increasing fire size, fire severity, and driving larger patches of high-severity fire. Many regions are predicted to experience an increase in fire severity where conditions are hotter and drier and changes in fire regimes are evident. Increased temperatures, drought conditions, fuels, and weather are important drivers of fire severity. Recent increases in fire severity are attributed to changes in climatic water deficit (CMD), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), evapotranspiration (ET), and fuels. Fire weather and vegetation species composition also influence fire severity. Future increases in fire severity are likely to impact forest resilience and increase the probability of forest type conversions in many ecosystems.

Conclusions

Increasing warming and drying trends are likely to cause more frequent and severe disturbances in many forested ecosystems in the near future. Large patches of high-severity fire have lasting legacies on vegetation composition and structure, and impacts on tree regeneration. In some ecosystems and under certain fire-weather conditions, restoration and fuel treatments may reduce the area burned at high severity and reduce conversions from forest to non-forest conditions, increasing forest resistance and resilience to wildland fire. Thinning and prescribed fire treatments can be effective at reducing the potential for crown fire, reducing fuels, and promoting forest resilience.
Human adaptation and diversification in the Microsporum canis complex
Authors: Zhou Xin , Ahmed Sarah A. , Tang Chao , Grisolia Maria Eduarda , Warth José Francisco Ghignatti , Webster Kristen , Peano Andrea , Uhrlass Silke , Cafarchia Claudia , Hayette Marie Pierre , Sacheli Rosalie , Matos Tadeja , Kang Yingqian , de Hoog G. Sybren , Feng Peiying
Published: July 2023

The Microsporum canis complex consists of one zoophilic species, M. canis, and two anthropophilic species, M. audouinii and M. ferrugineum. These species are the most widespread zoonotic pathogens causing dermatophytosis in cats and humans worldwide. To clarify the evolutionary relationship between the three species and explore the potential host shift process, this study used phylogenetic analysis, population structure analysis, multispecies coalescent analyses, determination of MAT idiomorph distribution, sexual crosses, and macromorphology and physicochemical features to address the above questions. The complex of Microsporum canis, M. audouinii and M. ferrugineum comprises 12 genotypes. MAT1-1 was present only in M. canis, while the anthropophilic entities contained MAT1-2. The pseudocleistothecia were yielded by the mating behaviour of M. canis and M. audouinii. Growth rates and lipase, keratinolysis and urea hydrolytic capacities of zoophilic M. canis isolates were all higher than those of anthropophilic strains; DNase activity of M. ferrugineum exceeded that of M. canis. The optimum growth temperature was 28 °C, but 22 °C favoured the development of macroconidia. Molecular data, physicochemical properties and phenotypes suggest the adaptation of zoophilic M. canis to anthropophilic M. ferrugineum, with M. audouinii in an intermediate position.
Assessment of the protective role of submucosal saline injection of the inferior turbinates prior to submucosal diathermy or coblation techniques
Authors: Attia Tamer M. , Hamdan Ahmad M.
Published: July 2023

Background

Inferior turbinate hypertrophy is a common cause of chronic nasal obstruction with many procedures for management including submucosal diathermy and coblation with a variation in their techniques. The aim of this study was to assess the protective role of submucosal saline injection in the inferior turbinates prior to submucosal diathermy or coblation techniques. A prospective cohort study was conducted on 80 patients diagnosed with bilateral hypertrophied inferior turbinates causing persistent nasal obstruction and not responding to medical treatment. The patients were distributed randomly and equally between 2 groups. Group I included 40 patients operated on with coblation of the inferior turbinates. Group II included 40 patients operated on with submucosal diathermy of the inferior turbinates. The right side of the nose of both groups had a saline injection of the inferior turbinates before the procedure and the left side of the nose did not have such injection. Each side of the nose in every patient was assessed for the degree of nasal crusting at 1 week postoperative, the presence of turbinate gangrene at 3 weeks postoperative, and the visual analog scale (VAS) of four symptoms (nasal discomfort, nasal pain, nasal obstruction, and thick nasal discharge) at 1 week postoperative.

Results

In the coblation group, there was a significant difference between the right and left sides regarding the degree of crusting at 1 week postoperative, and a non-significant difference between the two sides regarding the presence of gangrene at 3 weeks postoperative. In the diathermy group, there was a significant difference between the right and left sides regarding the same parameters. Comparison between the injection and non-injection sides in each group regarding the nasal symptoms showed a highly significant difference between the two sides in each group favoring the injection side.

Conclusion

Saline injection prior to inferior turbinate coblation or submucosal diathermy had a protective effect against crusting with both techniques and gangrene formation with submucosal diathermy. This was reflected on better postoperative nasal symptoms.
Application of multi-modality MRI-based radiomics in the pre-treatment prediction of RPS6K expression in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yang Fan , Wan Yidong , Shen Xiaoyong , Wu Yichao , Xu Lei , Meng Jinwen , Wang Jianguo , Liu Zhikun , Chen Jun , Lu Di , Wen Xue , Zheng Shusen , Niu Tianye , Xu Xiao
Published: July 2023

In this study, we aim to develop and validate a radiomics model for pretreatment prediction of RPS6K expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, thus helping clinical decision-making of mTOR-inhibitor (mTORi) therapy. We retrospectively enrolled 147 HCC patients, who underwent curative hepatic resection at First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine. RPS6K expression was determined with immunohistochemistry staining. Patients were randomly split into training or validation cohorts on a 7:3 ratio. Radiomics features were extracted from T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted images. Machine learning algorithms including multiple logistic regression (MLR), supporting vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and artificial neural network (ANN) were applied to construct the predictive model. A nomogram was further built to visualize the possibility of RPS6K expression. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) was used to evaluate the performance of diagnostic models. 174 radiomics features were confirmed correlated with RPS6K expression. Amongst all built models, the ANN-based hybrid model exhibited best predictive ability with AUC of 0.887 and 0.826 in training and validation cohorts. ALB was identified as the key clinical index, and the nomogram displayed further improved ability with AUC of 0.917 and 0.845. In this study, we proved MRI-based radiomics model and nomogram can accurately predict RPS6K expression non-invasively, thus providing help for clinical decision making for mTORi therapy.
Nasogastric tube feeding under restraint: understanding the impact and improving care
Authors: Fuller Sarah J. , Tan Jacinta , Nicholls Dasha
Published: July 2023

Background

Nasogastric tube feeding under physical restraint is an intervention that clinicians working in specialist mental health in-patient units may need to implement.

Aims

To examine the impact of this intervention on people with lived experience, carers and staff.

Method

People with lived experience and parents and/or carers were recruited via UK eating disorder charity Beat. Clinicians were recruited via the British Eating Disorders Society's research forum. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted and transcribed, and the results were thematically analysed.

Results

Thirty-six participants took part, and overlapping themes were identified. All participants spoke in relation to four themes: (a) the short-term impact on the patient; (b) the impact on those around the patient; (c) the long-term impact; and (d) the positive impact. Subthemes were identified and explored.

Conclusion

This lifesaving intervention can also negatively affect patients, parents and carers, peers and staff. Further research is needed to understand how interactions and environmental modifications can mitigate the negative impacts.
The cost-utility of a return-to-work intervention in comparison to routine care for patients with mental disorders in Germany: Results from the RETURN project
Authors: Waldmann Tamara , Riedl Lina , Brieger Peter , Lang Anne , Blank Daniela , Kohl Monika , Brucks Adele , Bühner Markus , Hamann Johannes , Kilian Reinhold
Published: July 2023

Background

Only two-thirds of patients admitted to psychiatric wards return to their previous jobs. Return-to-work interventions in Germany are investigated for their effectiveness, but information regarding cost-effectiveness is lacking. This study investigates the cost-utility of a return-to-work intervention for patients with mental disorders compared to treatment as usual (TAU).

Methods

We used data from a cluster-randomised controlled trial including 166 patients from 28 inpatient psychiatric wards providing data at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Health and social care service use was measured with the Client Sociodemographic and Service Receipt Inventory. Quality of life was measured with the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire. Cost-utility analysis was performed by calculating additional costs per one additional QALY (Quality-Adjusted Life Years) gained by receiving the support of return-to-work experts, in comparison to TAU.

Results

No significant cost or QALY difference between the intervention and control groups has been detected. The return-to-work intervention cannot be identified as cost-effective in comparison to TAU.

Conclusions

The employment of return-to-work experts could not reach the threshold of providing good value for money. TAU, therefore, seems to be sufficient support for the target group.
How far can we stretch the timescale with RETIS?
Authors: van Erp Titus S.
Published: July 2023

Molecular dynamics (MD) and Monte Carlo (MC) have long coexisted as two main independent branches of molecular simulation. In the late eighties, however, algorithms based on the combination of both were created such as hybrid Monte Carlo which uses large MD steps as MC moves. An entirely different kind of combination emerged a decade later via the transition path sampling (TPS) method in which MD trajectories are not just part of the MC move, but also form the state space being sampled. Algorithms like replica exchange transition interface sampling (RETIS) exploit this idea to compute reaction rates via a series of TPS simulations. RETIS yields results identical to hypothetical long MD runs, but with exponentially reduced computation time. This perspective describes the RETIS method and discusses recent and future advancements that will enable the study of even longer molecular timescales with reasonable computational resources.
Bell's theorem in time without inequalities
Authors: Ali Md. Manirul
Published: July 2023

Bell's theorem revealed that a local hidden-variable model cannot completely reproduce the quantum mechanical predictions. Bell's inequality provides an upper bound under the locality and reality assumptions that can be violated by correlated measurement statistics of quantum mechanics. Greenberger, Horne, and Zeilinger (GHZ) gave a more compelling proof of Bell's theorem without inequalities by considering perfect correlations rather than statistical correlations. In this work, we present a temporal analogue of GHZ argument that establishes Bell's theorem in time without inequalities.
“Gender Justice” versus “Gender Equality”
Authors: Tajali Mona
Published: July 2023

Much of the literature on women’s-rights activism in the Muslim world presents such activism as employing discourses either of egalitarianism (secular) or of complementarianism (religious). This article analyzes the recent framing of demands for women’s right to political office by elite Islamic women in Iran and Turkey in terms outside this dichotomy. Drawing on data gathered from personal interviews as well as on careful study of public statements and publications by elite women, or those backed by state institutions, this article demonstrates the inadequacy of understanding women’s activism in Muslim contexts as employing either an egalitarian or a complementarian approach by highlighting a more nuanced conceptualization of women’s-rights framing and organizing in accordance with shifting contexts and political ideologies. Specifically, it shows how Islamic women’s-rights activists who are closely affiliated with their governments at times strategically adopt a “gender justice” framing, as opposed to “gender equality,” to appeal to more conservative sectors of their society. This strategy can have important policy implications and lead to shifts in political discourse about women and politics. However, elite women’s backing from and affiliation with conservative ruling elites can lead some groups, particularly secular feminists, to perceive their use of gender justice discourse differently and to be dismissive of their efforts.
The City after Property
Authors: Safransky Sara
Published: July 2023

In The City after Property, Sara Safransky examines how postindustrial decline generates new forms of urban land politics. In the 2010s, Detroit government officials classified a staggering 150,000 lots—more than a third of the city—as “vacant” or “abandoned.” Analyzing subsequent efforts to shrink the Motor City’s footprint and budget, Safransky presents a new way of conceptualizing urban abandonment. She challenges popular myths that cast Detroit as empty along with narratives that reduce its historical decline to capital and white flight. In connecting contemporary debates over neoliberal urbanism to Cold War histories and the lasting political legacies of global movements for decolonization and Black liberation, she foregrounds how the making of—and challenges to—modern property regimes have shaped urban policy and politics. Drawing on critical geographical theory and community-based ethnography, Safransky shows how private property functions as a racialized construct, an ideology, and a moral force that shapes selves and worlds. By thinking the city “after property,” Safransky illuminates alternative ways of imagining and organizing urban life.
Theoretical Analysis of Hydrogen-Bonded Structures of the Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein with Multi-Component Density Functional Theory
Authors: Takakuwa Mio , Kita Yukiumi , Shimazaki Tomomi , Kanematsu Yusuke , Ishimoto Takayoshi , Adachi Motoyasu , Tachikawa Masanori
Published: July 2023

Recently, neutron crystallography of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) has revealed that a heavy water molecule directly hydrogen-bonded to the chromophore of EGFP, DOD323, has a longer bond length than other heavy water molecules. This remarkable elongation of bond length is because of intrinsic electrostatic potential inside EGFP, but its physicochemical origin has not been fully understood, yet. To clarify the phenomenon, we theoretically investigated the effect of residues surrounding the chromophore on the hydrogen-bonded structure around the chromophore with multi-component density functional theory. We focused on Arg96, Thr203, and Glu222, which are directly hydrogen-bonded to the chromophore. We theoretically confirmed that Arg96 and Thr203 affect the geometric asymmetrization of DOD323 quantitatively. Arg96 and Thr203 also stabilize the anionic (deprotonated) form of the chromophore, and the absence of even one of the residues causes proton/deuteron transfer from the neighboring His148. Our results suggest that Arg96 and Thr203 have a significant effect on the charge states of the chromophore and His148.
Origin of Reactivity Difference between Phosphines and Phosphinites in Ru-Catalyzed Phosphorus-Directed sp2C–H Borylation: Mechanistic Study and Improvement of Reaction Conditions
Authors: Homma Yuki , Fukuda Kazuishi , Ueno Ryoga , Iwasawa Nobuharu , Takaya Jun
Published: July 2023

The reaction mechanism of Ru-catalyzed phosphorus-directed ortho sp2C–H borylation of triarylphosphines and aryl phosphinites was investigated. Competition experiments and time course analyses clarified the existence of an induction period when using [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 as a catalyst, which was attributed to substitution of the p-cymene ligand by phosphorus compounds to generate a reactive species. These studies have reasonably explained the origin of the reactivity difference between triarylphosphines and aryl phosphinites. Dramatic improvement of reaction conditions for aryl phosphinites was achieved by employing RuCl2(dmso)4 as a new catalyst based on the mechanistic insights, realizing borylation of aryl phosphinites at room temperature.
Time-Resolved Diffusion Method to Detect and Reveal Protein Reactions Leading to Their Functions
Authors: Terazima Masahide
Published: July 2023

Proteins are unique natural macromolecules with high selectivity and efficiency for their functions. Understanding the chemical reaction mechanisms of proteins has long been an important and attractive research subject. To study the reactions, various experimental techniques have been developed. However, the time-resolved detection of conformational changes and intermolecular interactions remains a difficult problem, although dynamics are crucial for elucidating the reaction mechanism at the molecular level. Here, time-resolved diffusion (TRD) methods developed to monitor hidden dynamics are introduced. After describing the principle, this review mainly focuses on some applications demonstrating the importance of the time-resolved detection of diffusion-sensitive conformational change (DSCC), which can reveal spectrally silent reaction processes. Correlation between DSCC and enzymatic function showed that conformation changes detected by DSCC are closely related to biological functions such as enzymatic reactions and DNA recognition. Furthermore, the TRD method can detect signal transduction processes of photosensor proteins. Hence, the time-resolved detection of DSCC is appropriate to study mechanisms of protein functions. Since this method can detect intermolecular interactions between enzymes and substrates in time-domain, one of interesting applications is a time-resolved biosensor for transient species. Advantages of the method and future perspective are discussed.
Ο επισιτισμός στην Ελλάδα
Authors: Στέρπης Χρήστος
Published: July 2023

Η διατριβή επιχειρεί να διερευνήσει τα αίτια που προκάλεσαν την επισιτιστική κρίση η οποία έπληξε την κατοχική Ελλάδα, καθώς και τις λύσεις που δόθηκαν για την αντιμετώπισή της από τις εμπόλεμες Μεγάλες Δυνάμεις, δηλαδή την Αγγλία, τις ΗΠΑ, τη Γερμανία και την Ιταλία. Η διατριβή αρχικά εξετάζει τις ευθύνες τις οποίες φέρουν οι δυνάμεις του Άξονα -η Γερμανία, η Ιταλία και η Βουλγαρία- για την πρόκληση του επισιτιστικού προβλήματος και της πείνας που αντιμετώπισε η κατοχική Ελλάδα την περίοδο 1941-1942. Στη συνέχεια η έρευνα επικεντρώνεται στην επισιτιστική πολιτική που υιοθέτησε η δωσιλογική κυβέρνηση του στρατηγού Γεωργίου Τσολάκογλου καθώς και στους λόγους που οδήγησαν στην αποτυχία της, παρότι το δελτίο τροφίμων είχε εφαρμοσθεί από τη δικτατορία του Ι. Μεταξά από το καλοκαίρι του 1940. Η διατριβή επεκτείνεται και στις συνθήκες διαβίωσης την περίοδο 1941-1942 και διερευνά ποιες κοινωνικές ομάδες επλήγησαν περισσότερο από την κατοχική πείνα. Ειδικότερα, η διατριβή εξετάζει και τους ιδιωτικούς μηχανισμούς επιβίωσης που αναπτύχθηκαν την περίοδο 1941-1942, δηλαδή τους καταναλωτικούς και τους προμηθευτικούς συνεταιρισμούς, για την αντιμετώπιση της σπανιότητας τροφίμων και της ανόδου του κόστους ζωής από τον πληθωρισμό. Κεντρικό άξονα της διατριβής αποτελεί η μελέτη μιας μοναδικής επιχείρησης αρωγής κατά τη διάρκεια του Δευτέρου Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου, του σουηδικού σχεδίου. Η διατριβή προσπαθεί να αναδείξει τα αίτια που οδήγησαν τις κυβερνήσεις της Αγγλίας, των ΗΠΑ, της Γερμανίας και της Ιταλίας να επιτρέψουν να εισαχθεί στην κατοχική Ελλάδα εκτός της ζώνης του αποκλεισμού επισιτιστική βοήθεια από τον Καναδά και να τη διαχειριστεί από το 1942 μια ουδέτερη επιτροπή στελεχωμένη από Σουηδούς και Ελβετούς. Η διατριβή προσπαθεί να καταγράψει ποια ήταν η συνεισφορά του σουηδικού σχεδίου στην αντιμετώπιση της πείνας στην κατοχική Ελλάδα και σε ποιες περιφέρειες της Ελλάδας επεκτάθηκε. Παράλληλα δίνεται ιδιαίτερη έμφαση σε μια άγνωστη πτυχή του σουηδικού σχεδίου, εκείνη του ελέγχου της ελληνικής αγροτικής παραγωγής από την ΕΔΒΕ για λογαριασμό των Συμμάχων, αποσπώντας ένα μέρος της από τους κατακτητές, και της διάθεσής της προς όφελος του άμαχου πληθυσμού. Οι αγώνες της Αντίστασης, ειδικότερα του ΕΑΜ, για την επιβίωση του ελληνικού λαού την περίοδο 1941-1944 διερευνώνται σε ξεχωριστό κεφάλαιο της διατριβής. Μέσα σε αυτό αναδεικνύονται ο αποφασιστικός ρόλος του ΕΑΜ στην ίδρυση προμηθευτικών και καταναλωτικών συνεταιρισμών και η σημασία των απεργιακών κινητοποιήσεων στις πόλεις για τη διεκδίκηση αυξήσεων καθώς και παροχών σε είδη που δεν διένειμε η ΕΔΒΕ, αλλά και ο ρόλος του ΕΛΑΣ στην περιφρούρηση της αγροτικής παραγωγής. Για την περίοδο της Απελευθέρωσης εξετάζονται η σημασία καθώς και η συμβολή που θα είχε η διεθνής βοήθεια για την αποκατάσταση της ελληνικής οικονομίας. Παράλληλα αναδεικνύεται η εργαλειοποίηση της βοήθειας από την αγγλική κυβέρνηση με στόχο την υπονόμευση του ΕΑΜ.
Assessing the cytotoxicity of phenolic and terpene fractions extracted from Iraqi Prunus arabica on AMJ13 and SK-GT-4 human cancer cell lines
Authors: Mahmood Matin Adil , Abd Abdulkareem Hameed , Kadhim Enas Jawad
Published: July 2023

Background: Breast and esophageal cancer are the most aggressive and prominent causes of death worldwide. In addition, these cancers showed resistance to current chemotherapy regimens with limited success rates and fatal outcomes. Recently many studies reported the significant cytotoxic effects of phenolic and terpene fractions extracted from various Prunus species against different cancer cell lines. As a result, it has a good chance to be tested as a complement or replacement for standard chemotherapies.

Methods: The study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of phenolic and terpene fractions extracted from Iraqi Prunus arabica on breast (AMJ13) and esophageal (SK-GT-4) cancer cell lines by using the MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide). Analysis using the Chou-Talalay method was performed to assess the synergistic effect between the extracted fractions and chemotherapeutic agent (docetaxel). Moreover, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was conducted for the quantitative determination of different bioactive molecules of both phenolic and terpene fractions in the extract.

Results: According to the findings, the treatment modalities significantly decreased cancer cell viability of AMJ13 and SK-GT-4 and had insignificant cytotoxicity on the normal cells (normal human fibroblast cell line) (all less than 50% cytotoxicity). Analysis with Chou-Talalay showed a strong synergism with docetaxel on both cancer cell lines (higher cytotoxicity even in low concentrations) and failed to induce cytotoxicity on the normal cells. Important flavonoid glycosides and terpenoids were detected by HPLC, in particularly, ferulic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, β-sitosterol, and campesterol.

Conclusions: In conclusion, the extracted fractions selectively inhibited the proliferation of both cancer cell lines and showed minimal cytotoxicity on normal cells. These fractions could be naturally derived drugs for treating breast and esophageal cancers.
S-Octopus: A Novel Scalable Secure Position-Based Routing Protocol for MANETs
Authors: K. Qabajeh Liana
Published: July 2023

Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANET) are self-organized wireless networks that are becoming progressively popular. Determining an efficient route leading from a source to a specific destination in these networks is an essential issue since nodes are continuously moving. Furthermore, finding a secure route is a difficult area to deal with since adversaries might insert themselves into these routes unless a strict secure routing procedure is implemented. In this paper, a novel scalable secure routing protocol called S-Octopus has been proposed. Via dividing the network area into sectors and utilizing restricted directional flooding, our protocol intents to achieve improved scalability. Moreover, S-Octopus seeks to enhance robustness against the single point of failure and compromise by introducing several Sector Certificate Authority servers. Together with S-Octopus a location service and a misbehavior detection system have been proposed. Using GloMoSim simulator, S-Octopus security and performance have been evaluated and compared with the basic Authenticated Routing for Ad-Hoc Networks (ARAN) as well as Zone-based Authenticated Routing for Ad-Hoc Networks (ARANz). Simulation results assure that S-Octopus is able to effectively initiate and maintain secure routes in MANETs. Results also confirm that S-Octopus has significantly mitigated the scalability problem by achieving the maximum packet delivery fraction and the minimum network and routing loads within fairly large networks with high-mobility nodes and large malicious node percentage. Thus, S-Octopus is a good choice for MANET established among students on a campus or peers at a conference, where keys and certificates might be previously deployed.
Sustainable Next-Generation Network Design using Social Aware and Delay Tolerant Approach
Authors: Memon Ambreen , Kilby Jeff , Munjal Rashmi , Elena villapol Maria
Published: July 2023

With the ever-growing popularity of smartphones, new services are emerging where the local and positioning aspects become more important. Additionally, new routing algorithms are being developed based on various networking technology such as Delay Tolerance Networks (DTN), Deviceto- Device communication, Opportunistic Network, etc. DTN is categorized as stable and unstable, a continuous path between the source and the destination node. Here, communication is done by carrying the message through the intermediate relay node on the store and carry forward paradigm. In this work, a Sustainable Energy Delay Tolerance Approach (SEDA) considers nodes mobility patterns for energy-efficient data transmission. This routing model is based on the appropriate usage of node information along with node mobility and its contacts for data dissemination. Next step is applying some techniques to predict the most likely position for next encounter. We will design and implement a social relation-aware routing relation-awareness the social relation as a part of the routing matrix. We assume that most of the movement of nodes are included in various numbers of social contacts; therefore, there is a higher probability of message delivery to the destination. Simulation results show that the proposed routing protocol improves the delivery ratio by reducing network size and distance, which also impacts energy saving.
A Bilevel Model for Robust Network Design and Biomass Pricing Under Farmers’ Risk Attitudes and Supply Uncertainty
Authors: Li Qiaofeng , Üster Halit , Zhang Zhi-Hai
Published: July 2023

This paper addresses an integrated biomass pricing and logistics network design problem. A bilevel design and pricing model is proposed to capture the dynamic decision process between a biofuel producer as a Stackelberg leader and farmers as Stackelberg followers. The bilevel optimization model is transformed into a tractable single-level formulation by using optimality constraints. Other unique characteristics of our problem at hand include the incorporation of the harvesting time and frequency decisions in the biomass supply chain network design problem for the first time and consideration of the uncertainty in switchgrass yield in a robust optimization setting to take into account the risk-averse behavior of the farmers (suppliers). To efficiently solve the model, we propose a Benders decomposition algorithm enhanced by surrogate constraints, strengthened Benders cuts, and in-out cut loop stabilization. The numerical experiments show that the proposed algorithm is significantly superior to the branch-and-cut approach of CPLEX in terms of run times and gaps. We conduct a case study with data from Texas to validate the capabilities of our mathematical model and solution approach. Based on extensive experiments, the benefits of modeling are analyzed, and significant insights are explored.

Funding: This research was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 71771135, 72171129]; and the scholarship from China Scholarship Council (CSC) [Grant CSC 201906210092].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2021.0357 .
An unusual presentation of a maxillary alveolar fracture in a child
Authors: Chapman Sara , Millwaters M , Shah S
Published: July 2023

This case report outlines the unusual presentation of a maxillary alveolar fracture in a 12-year-old child. It is common to see bruising of the attached gingivae and sulcal area, along with a step deformity, mobile fragment and sometimes luxation injuries. In this case, we saw no intra-oral bruising, no obvious luxation injury and the dento-alveolar fragment was not mobile. After the initial treatment, the upper left central and lateral incisors maintained vitality. This case report aims to raise awareness for recognizing less obvious clinical features in alveolar bone fractures, thus improving outcomes for traumatic injuries in child patients.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: To recognize atypical clinical features of a maxillary fracture after a delayed presentation in a paediatric patient.
Bridging the cyber skills gap
Authors: Caron Paul
Published: July 2023

It has long been accepted that one of the greatest threats to your cyber security lies within your own organisation – your staff. Cyber security training is a challenge, as is keeping people aware of and alert to emerging threats. And this has been complicated further by new organisational structures and ways of working, in no small part imposed by the Covid pandemic. Solving this problem requires effort and investment.
A Summary of Lone Agricultural Worker Injuries and Fatalities
Authors: Etienne Aaron James , Field William E. , Haslett Noah Joel
Published: July 2023

Highlights

The frequency and severity of lone agricultural worker fatalities is unknown and was found to be higher than expected.

Agricultural workers frequently take on complex or hazardous tasks perceived to be doable alone.

Of the 368 lone agricultural worker cases documented and reviewed, 74% resulted in a fatality.

The leading cause of lone worker incidents analyzed was tractor rollover.

Abstract. Research was conducted to explore the nature and magnitude of agricultural injuries and fatalities where the victim was determined to be working alone at the time of the incident. Underreporting of lone agricultural worker injuries and fatalities as an incident classification was identified as a gap in current data collection methods, and discussion of the problem was lacking in the literature. Current incident reporting strategies have fully negated data regarding whether the victim was alone at the time of injury. Approximately 1,000 individual agricultural injury and fatality incident reports from several states were analyzed over a five-year period from 2016 to 2021. A total of 368 incidents were documented in which the agricultural worker was clearly identified as working alone at the time of the injury. Incident causes, age range and sex of the victim, time of year, and hours before the victim was found were analyzed from available case data. Contributing factors identified in these incidents included: (1) the frequency of agricultural workers completing recognized hazardous tasks perceived to be doable alone; (2) distance from emergency medical or rescue services (EMS) in remote areas; (3) lack of communication between the worker and their supervisors, coworkers, or family members; (4) difficulties in physically accessing communication devices if entangled, entrapped, or otherwise impaired; and (5) non-existent or poor cellular coverage due to a lack of towers and a lack of signal in remote, or hilly or wooded areas. Victims working alone were often not found for hours or even days after the incident occurred, resulting in the 74% fatality rate of the sample being significantly higher than situations in which others were present at the time of injury. Keywords: Farm-related injuries, Incident injury and fatality rates, Lone agricultural workers, Tractor rollover.
“PROTÓTIPO HIS SERGIPE”: A IMPORTÂNCIA DA DOCUMENTAÇÃO DO PATRIMÔNIO AMBIENTAL URBANO DE SERGIPE
Authors: Gonçalves de Freitas Pedro Murilo
Published: July 2023

Este trabalho apresenta os motivos que orientaram a preparação de um sistema de documentação de edifícios, espaços e ambientes urbanos denominado “Protótipo HIS Sergipe”. Por meio da descrição do projeto, de caráter extensionista e realizado por alunos do Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da UFS, apresentam-se os seus resultados preliminares e futuros desdobramentos sobre o tema da gestão do patrimônio ambiental urbano.
DESENHO TECNOLÓGICO INTERATIVO: MODA E PAISAGEM SONORA NO STREAMING DE MÚSICA SPOTIFY
Authors: Gabrielle Souza Ribeiro Helena , Martins Fialho Filho José Wilson
Published: July 2023

A presente pesquisa dialoga sobre o Desenho Tecnológico Interativo e a Paisagem Sonora do Spotify a partirde perfis de Marcas de Moda com valor intangível para o seu Público-Alvo. Nesse recorte visa responder de quemaneira as Marcas de Moda utilizam o desenho, intento e propósito da plataforma Spotify para compartilharem suasreferências musicais. Nesse sentido, o estudo busca investigar o modo como playlists colaboram na construção dolifestyle enquanto elemento imaterial das marcas: Adidas, Farm e Lab Fantasma. A fundamentação teórica se baseia nospensamentos de Ribeiro (2015), Schafer (1997) e Robic (2012), que atuam na interpretação social de uma abordagempara explicar os fenômenos onde a Hiperculturalidade é conceituada por Byung-Chul Han (2019). Propõe-se umareflexão sobre o modelo conceitual de desenho como projeto e registro em redes sociais que abrangem: moda;imaterialidade como uma das dimensões de consumo emocional no mundo contemporâneo e streamings de áudio.
A importância da educação patrimonial na preservação do patrimônio histórico cultural
Authors: Leonardo Justino Santana  , Carlos Augusto Lima Ferreira
Published: July 2023

Através de textos e livros produzidos por estudiosos, discutiremos sobre a importância da Educação Patrimonial na Preservação do Patrimônio Histórico Cultural. Os conceitos de Patrimônio e Educação Patrimonial serão abordados brevemente, assim como sua interação com a história, memórias, identidades e preservação. Como aparato de pesquisa foram utilizadas as ideias de Maria de Lourdes Horta, André Soares, Jacques le Goff e Marcia Bezerra.