bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrops Fetalis Associated with Fetal Hemoglobin H-Pakse Disease
Authors: Luewan Suchaya , Sirichotiyakul Supatra , Charoenkwan Pimlak , Phirom Krittaya , Tongsong Theera
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Hemoglobin H-Pakse (Hb H-PS) disease is a variant of non-deletional Hb H disease associated with various degrees of anemia. The disorder is rare but commonly seen in Southeast Asia. However, the prenatal course of Hb H-PS disease has never been published. The objective of this report was to describe prenatal diagnosis and management of Hb H-PS disease, which is theoretically much more critical in fetal life than adult life. Case Presentation: The prenatal courses of two fetuses affected by Hb H-PS were comprehensively explored. Both of them showed sonographic signs of fetal anemia at 19–20 weeks of gestation (increased cardiac size and increase middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity [MCA-PSV]). On follow-up scans, both revealed frank hydropic signs at 22–24 weeks. One fetus died at 24 weeks, shortly before the scheduled intrauterine blood transfusion (IUT). The other one underwent IUT at 22 weeks, leading to completely reversed hydropic signs, which resulted in successful outcomes that ended with the delivery of a healthy baby at term. The fetus needed only one IUT, and the course of anemic status improved in late pregnancy. IUT in this case was possibly beneficial to adult life. Conclusion: Fetuses with Hb H-PS may be associated with hydrops fetalis, usually occurring at mid-pregnancy. The hydrops tends to improve in late gestation. If they can pass through this most critical period in utero without anemic insults in developing organs, good long-term prognosis can be expected. This successful prenatal diagnosis and intrauterine treatment may encourage care providers to pay more attention to fetal Hb H-PS disease, to prevent anemic hypoxia in developing organs and adult diseases of fetal origin.
Endocranial Casts of Camelops hesternus and Palaeolama sp.: New Insights into the Recent History of the Camelid Brain
Authors: Balcarcel Ana M. , Bastiaans Dylan , Orliac Maeva J.
Published: December 2022

Endocranial casts are capable of capturing the general brain form in extinct mammals due to the high fidelity of the endocranial cavity and the brain in this clade. Camelids, the clade including extant camels, llamas, and alpacas, today display high levels of gyrification and brain complexity. The evolutionary history of the camelid brain has been described as involving unique neocortical growth dynamics which may have led to its current state. However, these inferences are based on their fossil endocast record from approximately ∼40 Mya (Eocene) to ∼11 Mya (Miocene), with a gap in this record for the last ∼10 million years. Here, we present the first descriptions of two camelid endocrania that document the recent history of the camelid brain: a new specimen of Palaeolama sp. from ∼1.2 Mya, and the plaster endocast of Camelops hesternus, a giant camelid from ∼44 to 11 Kya which possessed the largest brain (∼990 g) of all known camelids. We find that neocortical complexity evolved significantly between the Miocene and Pleistocene Epochs. Already ∼1.2 Mya the camelid brain presented morphologies previously known only in extant taxa, especially in the frontal and parietal regions, which may also be phylogenetic informative. The new fossil data indicate that during the Pleistocene, camelid brain dynamics experienced neocortical invagination into the sagittal sinus rather than evagination out of it, as observed in Eocene to Miocene taxa.
The Effect of Diabetes Self Management Education (DSME) with Audiovisu-al Media on Self-Care and Decreasing Blood Sugar Levels in Diabetes Melli-tus Patients Type II
Authors: Nugrahenny Fabella Finandatyan , Darmawan Rendi Editya , Lestari Siti
Published: December 2022

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia that occurs due to abnormal insulin secretion. Diabetes Self Management Education (DSME) is an important role in preventing or delaying complications in people with pre-diabetes and diabetes. Aim of study is to analize effect of Diabetes Self Management Education (DSME) with audiovisual media on self-care and decreasing blood sugar levels in diabetes mellitus patients type II

Methods: Using a quasy experiment research design with control group design. Samples is 34 respondents (17 respondents in the control group and 17 respondents in the experimental group) that chosen randomly with odd and even way according to data patients DM. Self care measured by Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activity (SDSCA) questionnaire, and blood sugar level measure with a glucometer. Intervention group given DSME for 14 days, and control group get treatment according to community standards. Bivariate analysis used the non-parametric Wilcoxon test and to see the difference between pre-test and post-test on the self-care variable and to see the differences between groups using the Mann-Whitney test. Analysis of bivariate test on blood sugar levels drop variables using parametric test Paired T-Test and to see the difference between groups using Independent T-Test test.

Results: The results of the Wilcoxon test of self-care control group p=0.246 (p=<0.05), so there is no effect, the experimental group p = 0.005 (p=<0.05), so that concluded no effect. Mann-Whitney test results with personal care and experimental control group p=0.000 (p=<0.05), so that there is a significant difference. Results of Paired T-Test blood sugar control group p = 0.812 (p =<0.05), so there is no effect, the experimental group, p = 0.000 (p=<0.05), so that concluded no effect. The results of the Independent T-Test blood sugar levels in the control and experimental groups p=0.020 (p=<0.05), so there is a significant difference in effect.

Conclusion: There is the influence of Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) The Audiovisual Media on self-care and decrease blood sugar levels in people with Type II DiabetsMellitus.
Self-Efficiency and Quality of Life Coronary Heart Disease Patients: A descriptive study
Authors: Wistiani Ni Made Dewi , Puspawati Ni Luh Putu Dewi , Pamungkas M. Adreng
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Coronary heart disease is a disease that requires treatment in the long term and even for life, a strict diet, and restriction of physical activity which directly affects the patient's quality of life. Self-efficacy is one factor that affects the patient 's quality of life with coronary heart disease. Methods: This study aimed to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and quality of life of patients with coronary heart disease at the Cardiology Polyclinic at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar. This study used a correlational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach, a cardiac self-efficacy questionnaire, and the WHOQOL BREF. The sample size was 164 respondents recruited by consecutive sampling technique. Result: Most respondents were in the moderate self-efficacy category of 80 respondents (48.8 %), and most had a moderate quality of life, namely 64 respondents (39.0 %). Conclusion: High self-efficacy will increase the ability of coronary heart disease patients to follow a programmed therapy regimen, adhere to the recommended diet program, and regulate physical activities optimally so that they will be able to maintain and improve their quality of life
Pengaruh Fluktuasi Harga Tandan Buah Segar (TBS) terhadap Efek Kesejahteraan Petani Kelapa Sawit Di Indonesia
Authors: Sukowati Nisa Nurjannah Sukowati
Published: December 2022

Fluktuasi harga TBS yang terjadi dari tahun ke tahun merupakan kondisi uncertainty atau risiko yang harus dihadapi petani sawit. Petani sawit yang diasumsikan risk averse akan selalu berusaha untuk menghindari risiko tersebut. Dari Lucas model diperoleh bahwa welfare cost yang dihasilkan pada fluktuasi harga produsen TBS sangat kecil, yaitu dibawah 1 persen. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan mengurangi fluktuasi harga TBS akan dapat meningkatkan kurang dari 1 persen pendapatan petani dari penjualan TBS atau dengan kata lain, efek kesejahteraan yang dihasilkan dari mengurangi fluktuasi harga TBS sangat kecil. Dengan kata lain, fluktuasi harga TBS seolah bukan menjadi ancaman besar bagi petani sawit Indonesia.
Penerapan Proportional Odds Model pada Regresi Logistik Ordinal Determinan Tingkat Kebahagiaan di Provinsi Yogyakarta
Authors: Azizah Nur , Yanti Devi
Published: December 2022

Pembangunan suatu wilayah dapat diukur dari sisi obyektif maupun subyektif. Kebahagiaan merupakan salah satu indikator kesejahteraan masyarakat dari sisi subyektif.. Berdasarkan data BPS pada tahun  2014, PDRB per kapita di Propinsi Yogyakarta merupakan terendah di Pulau Jawa, akan tetapi berdasarkan indeks kebahagiaan Propinsi Yogyakarta merupakan propinsi dengan indeks kebahagiaan tertinggi. Oleh karena itu, perlu dikaji lebih lanjut determinan apa yang mempengaruhi tingkat kebahagiaan di Propinsi Yogyakarta. Ukuran kebahagian seseorang biasanya diukur dengan tingkatan dari mulai tidak bahagia, bahagia, sangat bahagia. Dalam analisis statistik, ukuran bertingkat ini merupakan skala pengukuran ordinal. Model yang umum digunakan dalam regresi logistik ordinal adalah Proportional Odds Model. Dengan menggunakan data IFLS5 tahun 2014-2015 dilakukan pemodelan regresi logistik ordinal pada determinan tingkat kebahagiaan di Propinsi Yogyakarta. Hasil dari model yang diperoleh variabel yang signifikan mempengaruhi tingkat kebahagiaan di Propinsi Yogyakarta yaitu variabel usia, status perkawinan dan pendidikan. Berdasarkan nilai odds rasio dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin tinggi usia individu di Propinsi Yogyakarta cenderung lebih tidak bahagia Sedangkan jika dilihat dari status perkawinan individu dengan status kawin cenderung lebih bahagia dibandingkan dengan individu yang tidak kawin. Begitu juga untuk variabel pendidikan, individu dengan kategori pendidikan tertinggi perguruan tinggi cenderung lebih bahagia dibandingkan dengan individu dengan kategori pendidikan tertinggi sekolah dasar.
On‐Treatment Platelet Reactivity and Ischemic Outcomes in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: Two‐Year Results From ADAPT‐DES
Authors: Shahim Bahira , Redfors Björn , Stuckey Thomas D. , Liu Mengdan , Zhou Zhipeng , Witzenbichler Bernhard , Weisz Giora , Rinaldi Michael J. , Neumann Franz‐Josef , Metzger D. Christopher , Henry Timothy D. , Cox David A. , Duffy Peter L. , Brodie Bruce R. , Srdanovic Iva , Madhavan Mahesh V. , Mazzaferri Ernest L. , Mehran Roxana , Ben‐Yehuda Ori , Kirtane Ajay J. , Stone Gregg W.
Published: December 2022

Background

Diabetes mellitus and high platelet reactivity (HPR) on clopidogrel are both associated with increased risk of ischemic events after percutaneous coronary intervention, but whether the HPR‐associated risk of adverse ischemic events differs by diabetes mellitus status is unknown.

Methods and Results

ADAPT‐DES (Assessment of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With Drug‐Eluting Stents) was a prospective, multicenter registry of patients treated with coronary drug‐eluting stents. HPR was defined as P2Y12 reaction units >208 by the VerifyNow point‐of‐care assay. Cox multivariable analysis was used to assess whether HPR‐associated risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE; cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or stent thrombosis) varied for patients with insulin‐treated diabetes mellitus (ITDM), non–ITDM, and no diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus and HPR were included in an interaction analysis. Of 8582 patients enrolled, 2429 (28.3%) had diabetes mellitus, of whom 998 (41.1%) had ITDM. Mean P2Y12 reaction units were higher in patients with diabetes mellitus versus without diabetes mellitus, and HPR was more frequent in patients with diabetes mellitus. HPR was associated with consistently increased 2‐year rates of MACE in patients with and without diabetes mellitus (
P
interaction
=0.36). A significant interaction was present between HPR and non–insulin‐treated diabetes mellitus versus ITDM for 2‐year MACE (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] for non–ITDM, 2.28 [95% CI, 1.39–3.73] versus adjusted HR for ITDM, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.70–1.50];
P
interaction
=0.01).

Conclusions

HPR was more common in patients with diabetes mellitus and was associated with an increased risk of MACE in both patients with and without diabetes mellitus. In patients with diabetes mellitus, a more pronounced effect of HPR on MACE was present in lower‐risk non–ITDM patients than in higher‐risk patients with ITDM.

Registration

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00638794
; Unique identifier: NCT00638794. ADAPT‐DES (Assessment of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With Drug‐Eluting Stents).
Protective Role of Endothelial Fibulin‐4 in Valvulo‐Arterial Integrity
Authors: Nguyen Tram Anh Vu , Lino Caroline Antunes , Hang Huynh Thuy , Alves Juliano Vilela , Thang Bui Quoc , Shin Seung Jae , Sugiyama Kaori , Matsunaga Hiroko , Takeyama Haruko , Yamashiro Yoshito , Yanagisawa Hiromi
Published: December 2022

Background

Homeostasis of the vessel wall is cooperatively maintained by endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells, and adventitial fibroblasts. The genetic deletion of fibulin‐4 (
Fbln4
) in smooth muscle cells (
SMKO
) leads to the formation of thoracic aortic aneurysms with the disruption of elastic fibers. Although
Fbln4
is expressed in the entire vessel wall, its function in ECs and relevance to the maintenance of valvulo‐arterial integrity are not fully understood.

Methods and Results

Gene silencing of
FBLN4
was conducted on human aortic ECs to evaluate morphological changes and gene expression profile.
Fbln4
double knockout (
DKO
) mice in ECs and smooth muscle cells were generated and subjected to histological analysis, echocardiography, Western blotting, RNA sequencing, and immunostaining. An evaluation of the thoracic aortic aneurysm phenotype and screening of altered signaling pathways were performed. Knockdown of
FBLN4
in human aortic ECs induced mesenchymal cell–like changes with the upregulation of mesenchymal genes, including
TAGLN
and
MYL9
.
DKO
mice showed the exacerbation of thoracic aortic aneurysms when compared with those of
SMKO
and upregulated Thbs1, a mechanical stress–responsive molecule, throughout the aorta.
DKO
mice also showed progressive aortic valve thickening with collagen deposition from postnatal day 14, as well as turbulent flow in the ascending aorta. Furthermore, RNA sequencing and immunostaining of the aortic valve revealed the upregulation of genes involved in endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition, inflammatory response, and tissue fibrosis in
DKO
valves and the presence of activated valve interstitial cells.

Conclusions

The current study uncovers the pivotal role of endothelial fibulin‐4 in the maintenance of valvulo‐arterial integrity, which influences thoracic aortic aneurysm progression.
Impact of Empagliflozin in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction in Patients With Ischemic Versus Nonischemic Cause
Authors: Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Butler Javed , Anker Stefan D. , Filippatos Gerasimos , Ferreira João Pedro , Pocock Stuart J. , Januzzi James L. , Piña Ileana L. , Böhm Michael , Ponikowski Piotr , Verma Subodh , Brueckmann Martina , Vedin Ola , Zeller Cordula , Zannad Faiez , Packer Milton
Published: December 2022

Background

Outcomes and treatment effects of therapy may vary according to the cause of heart failure (HF).

Methods and Results

In this post hoc analysis of the EMPEROR‐Reduced (Empagliflozin Outcome Trial in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction) trial, the effect of empagliflozin on cardiovascular and renal outcomes was assessed according to the cause of HF. The cause of HF was investigator reported and stratified as ischemic or nonischemic. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. Of the 3730 patients enrolled, 1929 (51.7%) had ischemic cause. In the placebo arm, patients with ischemic cause of HF did not have a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR, 1.21 [95% CI, 0.90–1.63]) and hospitalization for HF (HR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.72–1.12]) compared with nonischemic cause. Empagliflozin compared with placebo significantly reduced the risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF in patients with ischemic and nonischemic cause (HR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.68–0.99] for ischemic and HR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.55–0.82] for nonischemic cause;
P
interaction=0.15). The benefit of empagliflozin on HF hospitalization, the renal composite end point, estimated glomerular filtration slope changes, and health status scores were also consistent in both groups without treatment by cause modification.

Conclusions

Empagliflozin offers cardiovascular and renal benefits in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction regardless of the cause of HF.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03057977.
Coronary Slow Flow Is Not Diagnostic of Microvascular Dysfunction in Patients With Angina and Unobstructed Coronary Arteries
Authors: Dutta Utkarsh , Sinha Aish , Demir Ozan M. , Ellis Howard , Rahman Haseeb , Perera Divaka
Published: December 2022

Background

Guidelines recommend that coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP), defined as corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count (CTFC)

>

$$ > $$

27, can diagnose coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) in patients with angina and nonobstructed coronary arteries. CSFP has also historically been regarded as a sign of coronary endothelial dysfunction (CED). We sought to validate the utility of CTFC, as a binary classifier of CSFP and as a continuous variable, to diagnose CMD and CED.

Methods and Results

Patients with angina and nonobstructed coronary arteries had simultaneous coronary pressure and flow velocity measured using a dual sensor‐tipped guidewire during rest, adenosine‐mediated hyperemia, and intracoronary acetylcholine infusion. CMD was defined as the inability to augment coronary blood flow in response to adenosine (coronary flow reserve <2.5) and CED in response to acetylcholine (acetylcholine flow reserve ≤1.5); 152 patients underwent assessment using adenosine, of whom 82 underwent further acetylcholine testing. Forty‐six patients (30%) had CSFP, associated with lower flow velocity and higher microvascular resistance as compared with controls (16.5

±

$$ \pm $$

6.9 versus 20.2

±

$$ \pm $$

6.9 cm/s;
P
=0.001 and 6.26

±

$$ \pm $$

1.83 versus 5.36

±

$$ \pm $$

1.83 mm Hg/cm/s;
P
=0.009, respectively). However, as a diagnostic test, CSFP had poor sensitivity and specificity for both CMD (26.7% and 65.2%) and CED (21.1% and 56.0%). Furthermore, on receiver operating characteristics analyses, CTFC could not predict CMD or CED (area under the curve, 0.41 [95% CI, 0.32%–0.50%] and 0.36 [95% CI, 0.23%–0.49%], respectively).

Conclusions

In patients with angina and nonobstructed coronary arteries, CSFP and CTFC are not diagnostic of CMD or CED. Guidelines supporting the use of CTFC in the diagnosis of CMD should be revisited.
Predicting Arterial Thrombotic Events Following Peripheral Revascularization Using Objective Viscoelastic Data
Authors: Majumdar Monica , Hall Ryan P. , Feldman Zachary , Goudot Guillaume , Sumetsky Natalie , Jessula Samuel , Kirshkaln Amanda , Bellomo Tiffany , Chang David , Cardenas Jessica , Patell Rushad , Eagleton Matthew , Dua Anahita
Published: December 2022

Background

Peripheral artery disease is endemic in our globally aging population, with >200 million affected worldwide. Graft/stent thrombosis after revascularization is common and frequently results in amputation, major adverse cardiovascular events, and cardiovascular mortality. Optimizing medications to decrease thrombosis is of paramount importance; however, limited guidance exists on how to use and monitor antithrombotic therapy in this heterogeneous population. Thromboelastography with platelet mapping (TEG‐PM) provides comprehensive coagulation metrics and may be integral to the next stage of patient‐centered thrombophrophylaxis. This prospective study aimed to determine if TEG‐PM could predict subacute graft/stent thrombosis following lower extremity revascularization, and if objective cut point values could be established to identify those high‐risk patients.

Methods and Results

We conducted a single‐center prospective observational study of patients undergoing lower extremity revascularization. Patients were followed up for the composite end point postoperative graft/stent thrombosis at 1 year. TEG‐PM analysis of the time point before thrombosis in the event group was compared with the last postoperative visit in the nonevent group. Cox proportional hazards analysis examined the association of TEG‐PM metrics to thrombosis. Cut point analysis explored the predictive capacity of TEG‐PM metrics for those at high risk. A total of 162 patients were analyzed, of whom 30 (18.5%) experienced graft/stent thrombosis. Patients with thrombosis had significantly greater platelet aggregation (79.7±15.7 versus 58.5±26.4) and lower platelet inhibition (20.7±15.6% versus 41.1±26.6%) (all
P
<0.01). Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that for every 1% increase in platelet aggregation, the hazard of experiencing an event during the study period increased by 5% (hazard ratio, 1.05 [95% CI, 1.02–1.07];
P
<0.01). An optimal cut point of >70.8% platelet aggregation and/or <29.2% platelet inhibition identifies those at high risk of thrombosis with 87% sensitivity and 70% to 71% specificity.

Conclusions

Among patients undergoing lower extremity revascularization, increased platelet reactivity was predictive of subacute postoperative graft/stent thrombosis. On the basis of the cut points of >70.8% platelet aggregation and <29.2% platelet inhibition, consideration of an alternative or augmented antithrombotic regimen for high‐risk patients may decrease the risk of postoperative thrombotic events.
Drivers of an Ecologically Relevant Summer North American Dipole
Authors: Bai Husile , Strong Courtenay , Zuckerberg Benjamin
Published: December 2022

The teleconnection mechanisms associated with midlatitude climate dipoles are of high interest because of their potential broad impacts on ecological patterns and processes. A prominent example attracting increasing research interest is a summer (June–August) North American dipole (NAD), which drives continental-scale bird irruptions in the boreal forest (semiperiodic movements of large numbers of individual birds). Here, the NAD is objectively defined as a second principal component of 500-hPa geopotential height and is linked to two mechanisms: 1) Rossby waves associated with Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) convection and 2) a pan-Pacific stationary Rossby wave triggered by East Asian monsoonal convection. The MJO mechanism relates to anomalously frequent occurrence of MJO phase 1 or 6, which are captured by the leading principal component of daily summer MJO phases (PCM1; accounting for 46% of the phase variance). In “nonuniform” MJO summers, defined as |PCM1| > 0.5, anomalously frequent phase 1 triggers positive NAD, and anomalously frequent phase 6 triggers negative NAD, yielding the correlation r(NAD, PCM1) = 0.55, p < 0.01. During “uniform” MJO summers, defined as |PCM1| ≤ 0.5, the effect of East Asian precipitation anomalies PEA becomes apparent, and r(NAD, PEA) = 0.49, p < 0.01. The impacts of PEA are largely masked during nonuniform MJO summers, meaning this subset of summers lacks a significant correlation between the NAD and PEA. Our interpretation is that uniformly distributed MJO allows monsoonal convection over the midlatitudes to modulate the NAD, whereas tropical convection anomalies associated with anomalously frequent MJO phases 1 and 6 overwhelm the extratropical teleconnection.
Comparing Outcomes of Sub-Total Cholecystectomy Versus Open Cholecystectomy as Bailout Procedures for the Difficult Gallbladder
Authors: Grossman Holly , Holder Katherine G. , Freedle Caroline , Dhanasekara Chathurika S. , Dissanaike Sharmila
Published: December 2022

Background

Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy is one of the most common operations performed, there is no consensus on the best surgical approach when inflammation obscures hepatocystic anatomy in severe cholecystitis. Traditionally, this situation triggered conversion to open cholecystectomy (COC); however, in recent decades, alternative approaches have been described. We compared outcomes of bailout procedures for severe cholecystitis, primarily focusing on COC versus laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy (LSTC).

Study Design

Retrospective review comparing outcomes of intended laparoscopic cholecystectomy cases that were converted to bailout procedures between 2015–2020 at a single institution. Bailout procedures were categorized into LSTC and COC groups. Demographics, clinical presentation, time to surgery, operative indications, operative duration, and post-operative outcomes were compared using independent sample t-tests with Welch-Satterthwaite correction or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests (continuous variables) or Fisher’s exact/χ2 tests. A P-value of less than .05 was considered significant.

Results

Final analysis included 158 subjects: 55 LSTC and 99 COC. Patient demographics and clinical presentations were similar between groups. LSTC had shorter operative time, fewer ICU admissions, and shorter length of stay than COC ( P < .05). There were 9 (9.2%) cases of ileus, 4 (4.0%) cases of post-operative bleeding, and 2 (2.0%) cases of bile duct injury in COC. There was 1 (1.8%) case of ileus, 1 (1.8%) case of post-operative bleeding, and no bile duct injury in LSTC.

Conclusion

LSTC was associated with fewer complications than COC, which had higher rates of biliary injury, bleeding, ileus, ICU admission, and longer hospital stay.
Risk Factors for Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Associated With Tracheobronchial Foreign Body Aspiration in Children
Authors: Lin Fu-Zhi , Cao Wei , Xu Bin , Liu Jia , Bi Jing , Fu Yong
Published: December 2022

Objectives:

Tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration (TFBA) is a major cause of accidental death in children. Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) may be caused by TFBA, but there are few reports about LRTI associated with TFBA. This study collected TFBA cases in our hospital to analyze LRTI and determine its risk factors.

Methods:

A total of 194 children who underwent tracheobronchial foreign body (TFB) extraction in The Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from June 2019 to April 2020 were enrolled. CT chest is routinely used in the workup of suspected airway FB at our institution to evaluate for patients, a FB was already highly suspected. The retention time was defined as from the time of TFB inhalation or presentation (if there was no history of TFBA) to the time of TFB removal. General characteristics including weight, clinical symptoms, operative records, cervicothoracic CT, retention time, type of TFB and postoperative hospitalization time were collected. Chi-square tests, rank sum tests and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results:

The incidence of LRTI was 46.6%, 68.6%, and 68.6% when the retention time was within 24 hours, between 24 hours and up to 1 week and more than 1 week, respectively. Postoperative hospitalization time of LRTI group was significantly longer than that of non-LRTI group. Findings for cervicothoracic CT as pneumonia, emphysema, atelectasis meant more serious clinical manifestations and the retention time was longer in the LRTI group than in the non-LRTI group. There was a positive correlation between the retention time of a TFB and LRTI in multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Conclusions:

The incidence of LRTI caused by TFBA is high. LRTI is association with longer postoperative hospitalization time. The TFB retention time is an independent risk factor for LRTI. If a patient presents with significant LRTI symptoms, a course of steroids and antibiotics maybe a safer approach rather than proceeding immediately with bronchoscopic removal.
Prevalence of loneliness and its correlates among patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Suman Aarzoo , Nehra Ritu , Sahoo Swapnajeet , Grover Sandeep
Published: December 2022

Background:

There are limited data on loneliness and its correlates in patients with schizophrenia.

Objective:

To evaluate prevalence and correlates of loneliness in patients with schizophrenia, currently in clinical remission.

Methodology:

A total of 160 patients of schizophrenia in clinical remission were assessed on UCLA Loneliness Scale, Positive and Negative syndrome scale, Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, Brief COPE, Beck’s Hopelessness Scale, Brief Dyadic Scale of Expressed Emotions, and Self-report Quality of Life Measure.

Results:

The mean age of the study sample was 34.99 ( SD = 9.13) years. The prevalence of loneliness in the study sample was 80%, with mean total UCLA-loneliness scale score of 30.04 (16.9).Compared to participants without loneliness, those with loneliness had had higher CDSS score, had poor quality of life, lower self-esteem, experienced higher level of stigma, more often used maladaptive coping strategies such as self-blaming and reported a higher level of hopelessness. In the correlation analysis, higher level of loneliness was associated higher severity of depression, higher level of stigma (except for stigma resistance) and discrimination, poorer quality of life, lower self-esteem, perception of a higher level of expressed emotions, higher use of maladaptive coping in the domains of behavioral disengagement, and self-blaming, and a higher level of hopelessness. In regression analysis, the maximum variance of loneliness was explained by quality of life score (29%), followed by hopelessness score (8.8%) and discrimination score (2%).

Conclusion:

There is a high prevalence of loneliness in patients with schizophrenia, and there is a need to routinely evaluate the patients of schizophrenia for loneliness and address the same.
Teacher Sense of Efficacy and Capturing the Initial Transition to Remote Instruction
Authors: Marshall David T. , Shannon David M. , Love Savanna M. , Norris Lindsay
Published: December 2022

Schools abruptly ended face-to-face instruction in March 2020 and transitioned to emergency remote teaching due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We surveyed teachers across the United States between March and April 2020 to understand their experiences during this time in our history ( n = 249). Linear regression analysis was used to examine relationships that existed between teacher-level, school-level, and learning modality-related variables and teacher self-efficacy. Teachers in Title 1 schools reported lower levels of efficacy. Elementary teachers, as well as those that initially relied on instructional packets during the transition to remote instruction reported significantly lower levels of efficacy for classroom management.
Identifying and Negotiating Productive Instructional Improvement Goals in One-on-One Mathematics Coaching
Authors: Kochmanski Nicholas , Cobb Paul
Published: December 2022

A major affordance of one-on-one mathematics coaching is its potential to provide individualized, contextualized support for mathematics teachers’ learning. Coaches can adjust their work to individual teachers by focusing on instructional improvement goals that take account of teachers’ current knowledge, practice, and classroom contexts. It is, however, essential that coaches and teachers work to attain productive instructional improvement goals that are both feasible for teachers to attain and likely to result in immediate improvements in students’ learning, if attained. In this article, we describe how coaches can identify productive goals for individual teachers and then, on that basis, negotiate goals successfully with teachers, thereby supporting teachers in seeing productive goals as worthwhile. By describing these two processes, we further clarify the forms of coaching-specific expertise central to effective one-on-one mathematics coaching.
Book review: ManiKumar K. A., Foreshadowing the Great Rebellion: The Vellore Revolt, 1806
Authors: Bhattacharya Niloshree
Published: December 2022

ManiKumar K. A., Foreshadowing the Great Rebellion: The Vellore Revolt, 1806. Hyderabad: Orient BlackSwan, 2021, 243pp., ₹695 (paperback). ISBN: 978354421181.
Transport reforms and its missing publics: Insights from marshrutka abolishment and transport ‘modernisation’ policies prior to FIFA World Cup 2018 in Volgograd, Russian Federation
Authors: Weicker Tonio
Published: December 2022

Public transport modernisation policies in relation to mega events are increasingly prone to ready-made planning solutions and the application of globally recognised best practices. Locally, the implementation of global transport solutions is usually promoted as a unique window of opportunity, which should finally contribute to the greater good of city societies through smooth traffic flows and better service quality. In contrast to this frictionless narrative, the article refers to the empirical case of transport reforms in Volgograd, Russia, prior to the FIFA World Soccer Championship in 2018 and shows how poorly conceived transport modernisation policies can have a detrimental impact on local citizens. Concretely, it builds on the local attempt to replace a commercial minibus system with an insufficient public–private partnership-based bus network and develops an argument that the public transport reform was doomed to fail as local stakeholders remained excluded from decision making. Deriving from the empirical case, a pragmatist perspective on transport modernisation policies as urban issues of concern is introduced to examine how hegemonic governance tactics are effectively silencing crucial publics at stake, rendering voices of contestation marginalised. Lastly, it will be argued that public transport reforms in Volgograd, although contested and subversively undermined, challenge idealistic notions of public space, while they provide scope for experimental practice based on implicit local knowledge and cooperation in mobile space.
A Comparative Study of Emotional Solidarity Between Homestay Hosts and Tourists
Authors: Tang Juan , Zhang Xi
Published: December 2022

The expansion of the homestay industry is shadowed by ethical concerns and perceived risks. In this context, the emotional relationship between hosts and tourists in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic needs to be re-examined. Focusing on the togetherness of “we” rather than the demarcation of “you versus me,” we integrate homestay hosts and guests into a conceptual model to examine and compare their emotional solidarity with each other, as well as the relevance of emotional solidarity to perceived risk, MES (Multidimensional Ethics Scale), and support for homestays. Our results show that despite the assumption of perceived risk, tourists feel welcomed by hosts during the pandemic, while hosts feel emotionally close to tourists. In addition to the findings that emotional solidarity mediates perceived risk, MES, and support for homestays in both samples, we find that hosts’ perceived risk is more likely to influence their emotional solidarity and support for homestays.
Study on methods to improve the mechanical properties of aramid/epoxy composites
Authors: Yermakhanova Azira Muratovna , Baiserikov Berdiyar Meirzhanuly , Kenzhegulov Aidar Karaulovich , Meiirbekov Mohammed Nurgazyuly , Zhumadilov Bauyrzhan Yerbolsynuly
Published: December 2022

Polymer composites, in particular aramid-epoxy composites, are widely used in fields such as aerospace, transportation, electronics, etc. due to their excellent mechanical and dielectric properties. This article presents studies of modification and combined reinforcement on the mechanical properties of aramid-epoxy composites. The influence of matrix (epoxy resin) and reinforcing filler (aramid fabric) mass ratio and ways to increase strength characteristics and impact toughness of the composite were studied. Comparative results for composites made by vacuum forming and vacuum infusion methods are presented. Mass ratio of reinforcing filler and matrix varied in the range of 50:50%, 60:40%, 65:35%, and 75:25%. It was found that modifying epoxy resin with polyurethane rubber plasticizer, together with combined reinforcement of aramid fabric/aramid roving, resulted in composite strength up to 720 MPa and impact toughness of 426 kJ/m2. Modification of epoxy resin with tricresyl phosphate leads to composite strength up to 710 MPa and impact toughness of 475 kJ/m2. Thus, it is shown that modification and combined reinforcement of aramid-epoxy composites are the most effective methods to increase strength and adhesion to epoxy resin.
A Pluralist Vision of Society in Defiance of State Power: Guild Socialism in China after the First World War
Authors: Lee Soonyi
Published: December 2022

This article explores guild socialism in China after the First World War, arguing that it presented a pluralist vision of the state and society, posing an alternative to the collectivist vision of socialism put forward by the Chinese Communist Party as well as the state-centered notion of politics endorsed by the Chinese Nationalist Party. In an effort to break from the existing scholarly tendency to focus on the theme of state building in the history of Republican China, which tends to restrict the historical meaning of Chinese socialism to national revolution, this article situates interwar Chinese socialisms, including guild socialism, within a global context. It investigates how the Chinese guild socialist Zhang Dongsun and his colleagues formulated their theory in connection to the postwar global trend of criticizing established theories of the state. In so doing, this article will show that Chinese guildsmen attempted to transform socialism into a humanitarian movement, rather than a class revolution, aiming to overcome capitalist alienation and realize freedom as the general principle of human life.
Shaping the Information Environment: International Evidence on Financial Reporting Frequency and Analysts’ Earnings Forecast Errors
Authors: Filip Andrei , Liu Junqi , Moraru-Arfire Andreea
Published: December 2022

This article investigates the role of mandatory interim financial reporting in financial analysts’ annual earnings forecast errors. We provide large-scale evidence from 49 countries that a mandatory quarterly (as compared to semi-annual) reporting regime is associated with lower analysts’ annual earnings forecast errors. This conjecture is further supported when we exploit an exogeneous change in the mandatory frequency regime from a semi-annual to a quarterly reporting mandate in Japan. Consistent with an improvement in the information environment, our findings are more pronounced for firms and analysts subject to higher information acquisition costs and in countries where the institutional setting is less able to meet analysts’ information needs. We corroborate this conjecture by documenting that more frequent mandatory reporting decreases analysts’ forecast dispersion and improves the profitability of their stock recommendations. Overall, our findings extend the research on the role of the institutional setting in analysts’ output, suggesting that the mandate of more frequent reporting improves analysts’ forecasting process.
Perception on Anxiety among Adolescents and Mental Health Professionals and Development of Comic Strip
Authors: Ravunnikutty Pravitha Madathodiyil , Krishnamurthy Latha , Murthy Meena Kolar Sreedhara , Kapanee Aruna R. M. , Chaturvedi Santosh K. , Saini Deepika
Published: December 2022

Background:

Adolescence is a phase of many physical and psychological developments. This stage is also vulnerable to the development of mental illness. Anxiety is one of the most prevalent disorders among adolescents, which mostly onsets before puberty. This study aimed to understand the perception on anxiety among adolescents and mental health professionals and develop a comic strip on anxiety.

Methods:

This qualitative study involved focus group discussions (FGDs) among mental health professionals and pre-university college students. The FGD data were analyzed through direct content analysis according to the predetermined broad themes.

Results:

Awareness regarding anxiety was poor among adolescents, and in certain situations they were found to be reluctant to seek professional help. The comic strip on anxiety was developed based on the findings of FGD based on the themes, general awareness, factors responsible, symptoms and coping, management, and barriers to seeking professional help.

Conclusions:

Adolescents perceived mental health as very important for their overall health. The adolescents did not know that they were going through anxiety, but they noticed that they had some mental health issues and wanted to get out of it. The development of comic strip on anxiety for adolescents was an attempt to overcome these barriers.
Industrial policies, strategy and the UK’s Levelling Up agenda
Authors: Sunley Peter , Harris Jack L , Pike Andy , Harris Richard , Martin Ron , Evenhuis Emil
Published: December 2022

In the context of the UK economy’s slow and unbalanced growth, this paper discusses the degree to which recent Conservative Governments in the UK have moved towards the adoption of a strategic and coherent set of industrial policies to enhance economic performance across the country. It starts by outlining the priorities and principles of new forms of industrial strategy which emphasises the importance of cross-sectoral goals, intensive dialogue between government and the private sector, co-ordination between different policies and levels of government, directions to address societal and environmental challenges and the role of place-based policy making. The paper discusses the degree to which these principles have shaped, or been largely absent from, recent industrial policy development in the UK and particularly the interface between industrial and regional policies. It discusses the May Government’s move to set up an Industrial Strategy with a place ‘pillar’ and the influence of a mission approach. It then reviews the Johnson’s Government’s ‘Plan for Growth’ industrial policy agenda, focussing on the recent Levelling Up White Paper and examines how far and in what ways it has embedded these reforming principles. It finds that despite reflecting some of these principles in its rhetoric, the current government programme has substituted innovation and infrastructure policies for an actual industrial strategy, and continues to rely mainly on a top-down and technologically driven type of approach. The agenda lacks the capacity to deliver its levelling up goals due to inadequate funding, an incomplete devolution agenda and insufficiently developed place-based capacities and policies. Future development needs to move the principles from rhetoric into industrial policy direction and design, and to remedy the continuing lack of local and regional collaboration and co-ordination.
Daily routine and habits during COVID-19 lockdown in Italy: An observational survey
Authors: Maritan Yuri , Pisaniello Diletta Maria , Belvedere Annalisa , Battain Pier Carlo
Published: December 2022

Introduction:

Between March–May 2020, the Italian Government applied restrictive measures to reduce the risk of contagion, fostering a potential condition of occupational deprivation.

Methods:

A digital survey was administered in June 2020 including closed and open questions. The goal was to report how the first Italian lockdown affected daily routine.

Results:

648 surveys were valid. Most respondents were workers and spent lockdown at home. Before quarantine, the most representative occupations were working and housekeeping; the significant ones were working and meeting friends/relatives. Wellbeing meant meeting friends/relatives and hobbies/interests. During lockdown, respondents dedicated themselves to housekeeping and working; meaningful occupations were working and cooking. All data was stratified according to age and perceived wellbeing; open questions were categorized by the researchers.

Discussion:

A daily routine in compliance with lockdown restrictions required a change in habits. Time was used for occupations not strictly contentful; finance and work gained significance. It is to hypothesize that the idea of wellbeing was deeply altered.

Conclusions:

The study focuses on a slice of everyday life in times of emergency, it highlights people adaptability and their experiences according to age and future plans. Occupational justice emerges as a strong topic: the environment influences wellbeing, habits, and self-perception.
Multiple sites of thrombosis without thrombocytopenia and COVID-19 vaccine: Correspondence
Authors: Mungunpuntipantip Rujittika , Wiwanitkit Viroj
Published: December 2022

Background: An adverse effect of COVID-19 vaccine is possible and it is necessary to monitor it. Methods and results: This is a correspondence on the published article on multiple sites of thrombosis without thrombocytopenia and COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion: Confounding factors regarding thrombosis without thrombocytopenia and COVID-19 vaccine are discussed.
The Risk for Loneliness and Major Depression among Solo Agers
Authors: Adams Kathryn Betts , Parekh Rupal , Mauldin Rebecca L. , Fortinsky Richard H. , Steffens David C.
Published: December 2022

Solo agers may be vulnerable to social isolation and mental health sequelae, particularly if they lack close family or friendship ties. This study examined associations among indicators of solo aging, frequency of loneliness, and Major Depressive Disorder among adults aged 60+. Depressed participants were diagnosed by a geriatric psychiatrist and control participants were not depressed. We hypothesized that older adults with more indicators of solo aging (i.e., living alone, being unmarried, not having family or friends nearby) would be more often lonely and more likely to be depressed. In multivariate analyses controlling for health comorbidities and financial difficulty, each additional solo aging indicator significantly increased the likelihood of frequent loneliness, 95% CI OR [1.50, 2.80], and having a depression diagnosis 95% CI OR [1.04, 2.07]. Solo agers may be vulnerable to loneliness and depression, reinforcing the need for assessment and intervention for social isolation among older adults.
COVID-19 Vaccination Experiences of Family Caregivers of Persons Living with Dementia in Rural Appalachia
Authors: Savla Jyoti , Roberto Karen A. , McCann Brandy R. , Blieszner Rosemary
Published: December 2022

The study investigated COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, hesitancy, and barriers among family caregivers of rural community-dwelling persons living with dementia (PLwD). Three waves of telephone interviews with 26 family caregivers (96% White, 81% Female, Mage = 63 ± 12 years) were analyzed using thematic content analysis. At Wave 3, although all dyads were eligible, only 10 dyads had received their first dose of the vaccine. In 10 dyads, neither person had received the vaccine; in2 dyads, the caregivers did but the PLwD did not; and in 4 dyads, the caregiver did not but the PLwD did. Perceived direct and indirect health risks, cues from trusted allies, and ability to overcome vaccination barriers affected COVID-19 vaccination acceptance. Vaccine refusals were motivated by a low perceived risk of COVID-19, vaccine fear, and personal beliefs. Findings have implications for administration of preventative care practices for dementia family caregivers living in remote locations during a public health emergency.