bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract IA07: Engineered cytokine-antibody fusion proteins for targeted stimulation of anti-cancer immunity
Authors: Spangler Jamie B
Published: February 2025

Immunotherapies have revolutionized the cancer treatment landscape by empowering activation of the patient’s own immune system to fight disease. One of the first immunotherapies to receive FDA approval for cancer treatment was interleukin-2 (IL-2), a multi-functional cytokine that potently stimulates immune cell growth and activity. IL-2 has shown tremendous potential as an anti-cancer therapeutic and elicits complete and durable responses in 5-10% of treated patients. However, clinical use of IL-2 has been limited by severe toxicities, counterproductive activation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), and the cytokine’s vanishingly short serum half-life (<5 min). Complexation of IL-2 with certain anti-IL-2 antibodies has been shown to selectively bias cytokine activity towards immune effector cells (i.e., effector T cells and natural killer [NK] cells) while concurrently extending its serum half-life, leading to potent antitumor activity in mice in the absence of adverse effects. Unfortunately, clinical development of a mixed cytokine/antibody complex is impeded by logistical hurdles such as dosing optimization, as well as concerns regarding complex stability. We overcame these challenges by engineering a single-agent IL-2/antibody fusion protein (termed an immunocytokine) that selectively stimulates immune effector cells. We demonstrated the efficacy of our immunocytokine in biasing the immune response in cellular and animal models. We achieved successful tumor targeting of our molecule through fusion to an extracellular matrix-binding protein domain and showed that the resulting immunocytokine induced robust antitumor activity without inducing toxicity in multiple mouse tumor models, both alone and in combination with immune checkpoint blockade. Overall, our strategy offers insight into the design and development of translationally promising IL-2 therapies with versatility to treat a range of cancer types.

Citation Format: Jamie B Spangler. Engineered cytokine-antibody fusion proteins for targeted stimulation of anti-cancer immunity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR IO Conference: Discovery and Innovation in Cancer Immunology: Revolutionizing Treatment through Immunotherapy; 2025 Feb 23-26; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2025;13(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA07.
Abstract PR004: Cancer cell intrinsic SSBP4 enables tumor immune evasion by promoting cholesterol biosynthesis
Authors: Ou Peiqi , Eres Ittai , Zhao Junjie , Oh Jaehak , Han Chia-Jung , Li Chi-Ming , Rankin Andrew , Noubade Rajkumar , Yu Xin
Published: February 2025

The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in the therapeutic resistance to checkpoint inhibitors. However, precise factors that shape the immune contexture of the TME remain elusive. Here, we report that the Single-Stranded DNA Binding Protein 4 (SSBP4), a previously uncharacterized protein with no known function, suppresses intratumoral T cell activation by promoting excessive cholesteryl ester production from tumor cells. Overexpression of SSBP4 in tumor cells decreased T cell infiltration in the TME and accelerated tumor growth in a murine syngeneic tumor model. Conversely, genetic ablation of SSBP4 in tumor cells enhanced T cell infiltration, their activation and stunted tumor growth in a CD8+ T cell dependent manner. Furthermore, abrogation of SSBP4 dramatically enhanced the efficacy of anti-programmed cell death-1 (anti-PD-1) treatment. Mechanistically, SSBP4 expression promoted a concerted upregulation of cholesterol synthesis genes, leading to increased production of cholesteryl esters in tumor cells. In vitro studies showed that the cholesteryl esters released by SSBP4-expressing tumor cells directly suppressed CD8+ T cell activation and inhibited the expression of granzyme B and perforin. Together, we identify SSBP4 as a cancer cell intrinsic regulator of cholesterol biosynthesis that critically contributes to tumor immune evasion.

Citation Format: Peiqi Ou, Ittai Eres, Junjie Zhao, Jaehak Oh, Chia-Jung Han, Chi-Ming Li, Andrew Rankin, Rajkumar Noubade, Xin Yu. Cancer cell intrinsic SSBP4 enables tumor immune evasion by promoting cholesterol biosynthesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR IO Conference: Discovery and Innovation in Cancer Immunology: Revolutionizing Treatment through Immunotherapy; 2025 Feb 23-26; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2025;13(2 Suppl):Abstract nr PR004.
Abstract PR010: Genome-wide CRISPR screens in CD8+ T cells identify cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex as a negative regulator of long-term effector function
Authors: Saco Justin , Karin Daniel , Al Deen Nataly Naser , Campbell Katie , Patten Justin , Fan Yichen , Medina Egmidio , Ribas Antoni
Published: February 2025

The benefit of adoptive cell transfer (ACT) therapies with T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) or T cell receptors (TCR) is limited by T cell dysfunction upon repetitive antigen exposure. We integrated a pooled genome-wide CRISPR knockout screen with in vitro repetitive antigen exposure and phenotypic selection to identify gene knockouts that improved the ability of NY-ESO-1 TCR transgenic T cells to repeatedly kill the antigen- and HLA-matched melanoma cell line M407. In two replicate screens, knocking out of the genes CUL5, RNF7 or ARIH2, which are required for proper cullin 5-RING ligase complex (CRL5) assembly, significantly improved long-term tumor cell killing ability of T cells past five rechallenges (one-way ANOVA p<0.0001). Mechanistically, we discovered that CRL5 interacts with SOCS-box containing proteins to regulate TCR stimulation and cytokine signaling through ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Ablation of CRL5 in T cells leads to an increase in polyfunctionality with augmented production and release of cytokines and cytolytic molecules across multiple rounds of killing when compared to control T cells (IFNg/TNFa producing T cells; Challenge 1: 18% versus 10%, Stimulation 3: 6% versus 3%, unpaired t-test p<0.0001). We demonstrated through both CRISPR knockout, and pharmacological inhibition of CRL5 using the neddylation inhibitor MLN4924, the negative regulatory mechanism of CRL5 in CD8+ T cells. These results highlight the previously unrecognized regulation of T cell function through E3 ligase-mediated proteasomal degradation, and that CRL5 may be a target to endow lasting effector function to antigen-specific T cells for cancer immunotherapies.

Citation Format: Justin Saco, Daniel Karin, Nataly Naser Al Deen, Katie Campbell, Justin Patten, Yichen Fan, Egmidio Medina, Antoni Ribas. Genome-wide CRISPR screens in CD8+ T cells identify cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex as a negative regulator of long-term effector function [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR IO Conference: Discovery and Innovation in Cancer Immunology: Revolutionizing Treatment through Immunotherapy; 2025 Feb 23-26; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2025;13(2 Suppl):Abstract nr PR010.
LATE-ONSET LUPUS NEPHRITIS: CLINICAL-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, HISTOLOGICAL, PROGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTICAL IMPLICATIONS. A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE FROM NORTHEASTERN SPAIN.
Authors: González Rodríguez Jorge , Jatem Escalante Elías , Buil Campo Juan Carlos , Pinyol Ribas Miquel , Martín Conde Maria Luisa
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease, and lupus nephritis (LN), are typically diagnosed in women at fertile age. Late-onset SLE is defined as a disease onset over 45-50 years. Our main objective was to analyze the clinical, histological, prognostic and therapeutical features related to LN in our late-onset SLE population.
Methods: A single center and retrospective study was performed comparing clinical-demographic, histological, prognostic and therapeutical features of 45 LN patients from 1994 to 2023. We divided the study population according to the age of onset of LN into classic-onset (< 45 years) and late-onset (≥ 45 years).
Results: Late-onset LN patients showed a higher association with Sjögren’s and antiphospholipid syndrome, more cardiovascular comorbidities at presentation, poorer renal function at diagnosis, and higher Systemic Lupus Damage Index score (SDI). Histology showed more non-proliferative LN classes (II and V). Late-onset LN responders, compared to those with classic-onset, achieved response later. Non responsive patients had a higher incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), more glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis-tubular atrophy (IFTA) at presentation; higher frequency for renal replacement therapy (RRT) at diagnosis and during follow-up. The main independent variables associated with relapse were younger age at SLE diagnosis and initial partial renal response (PRR).
Conclusions: Late-onset LN, is often accompanied by other systemic autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren’s and antiphospholipid syndrome. These patients have major cardiovascular comorbidities, poor estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at diagnosis and increased chronicity index in histology. A tailored aproach in this fragile population in order to avoid unnecessary immunosuppression is of critical interest.
Das Update der EULAR-Empfehlungen für die systemische Sklerose zeigt Fortschritt zumindest bei der Lungenbeteiligung
Authors: Aringer Martin
Published: February 2025

Objectives: To update the 2017 European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) recommendations for treatment of systemic sclerosis (SSc), incorporating new evidence and therapies. Methods: An international task force was convened in line with EULAR standard operating procedures. A nominal group technique exercise was performed in two rounds to define questions underpinning a subsequent systematic literature review. The evidence derived was discussed and overarching principles, recommendations and future research agenda were iteratively developed with voting rounds. Results: The task force agreed on 22 recommendations covering 8 clinical/organ domains including Raynaud’s phenomenon, digital ulcers, pulmonary arterial hypertension, scleroderma renal crisis, skin fibrosis, interstitial lung disease (ILD), gastrointestinal manifestations and arthritis. Most new recommendations are related to skin fibrosis and ILD. These included novel recommendations for the use of mycophenolate mofetil, nintedanib, rituximab and tocilizumab for the treatment of these crucial disease manifestations. The recommendations also included first-line and second-line interventions, providing increased utility for rheumatology practitioners. Important additions to the future research agenda included consideration of novel interventions for the management of vascular, musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal manifestations and calcinosis, as well as for the local management of digital ulcers. Conclusion: These updated recommendations include the first set of synthetic and biological targeted therapies recommended for key fibrotic manifestations of SSc as well as first-line combination treatment for newly diagnosed pulmonary artery hypertension and prioritise a new research agenda for the coming years.
Russian Version of the Berger HIV Stigma Scale
Authors: Koreneva Elena V. , Zolotareva Alena A.
Published: February 2025

Background. The Berger HIV Stigma Scale (BHSS) is one of the most well-known instruments for measuring the stigmatization of HIV-infected people. Russian experts have used the measure in empirical studies but have not yet adapted it for Russian-speaking respondents.
Objective. The study was aimed at adapting and examining the psychometric properties of the Russian short version of the Berger HIV Stigma Scale-12 (BHSS-12).
Study Participants. The data collection was conducted in June-July 2024. The participants were 120 HIV-infected respondents, including 65 women and 55 men aged 18 to 57 years (M = 38.1; SD = 8.93).
Methods. The participants completed a questionnaire containing the Russian version of the BHSS-12, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and a block of socio-demographic questions about sex, age, education, presence/absence of children and partners/ spouses, presence/absence of AIDS, visiting an AIDS Centre, and duration of the disease.
Results. Data analysis showed a four-factor structure of the Russian version of the BHSS-12, which coincides with the structure of the original instrument and confirms the factor validity of the adapted measure. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were 0.816, 0.794, 0.819, and 0.797 for the subscales “Personalized stigma”, “Disclosure concerns”, “Concerns about public attitudes”, and “Negative self-image”, respectively, which confirms the internal reliability of the Russian version of the BHSS-12. The HIV stigma was positively correlated with depression, anxiety, stress, and general psychological distress, which indicates the convergent validity of the adapted measure. Older HIV-infected respondents had the highest scores on the subscale “Concerns about public attitudes”. The participants who were not in partner and marital relationships showed the highest scores on the subscales “Concerns about public attitudes” and “Negative self-image”.
Conclusion. The Russian version of the BHSS-12 is reliable and valid, and therefore can be recommended as a diagnostic instrument for measuring the HIV stigma in Russian-speaking respondents.
Towards a better understanding of the Chromolaena congesta complex (Asteraceae, Eupatorieae): updated synopsis with taxonomic novelties
Authors: CHRIST ANDERSON LUIZ , NAKAJIMA JIMI NAOKI , RITTER MARA REJANE
Published: February 2025

Taxonomic treatments for species complexes are a continuing challenge, in which new information and further questions are constantly being formulated. Regarding the Chromolaena congesta complex, recent studies with morphological data, geographic distribution and climatic niche have shed light on needed changes in the recognition and identification of some species. This paper presents a synopsis and an identification key of the species complex, which now consists of 11 taxa. Taxonomic novelties presented in this paper include a new combination for Eupatorium caaguazuense var. nervosum, re-established from the synonymy of C. squarrulosa and now treated as a distinct species, and the description of a cryptic new species from Southern Brazil with unique morphological traits. Furthermore, we propose the synonymy of C. xylorhiza under C. ascendens and provide updated information regarding distribution and evaluation of conservation status for each species. Finally, we included some insights on further studies to be conducted in the C. congesta complex to answer questions that still hamper the taxonomy and systematics of these species.
Uniyala keralensis (Asteraceae), a new species from Kerala, India
Authors: KUMAR ETTICKAL SUKUMARAN SANTHOSH , SHAREEF SAINUDEEN MUHAMMED , FILIMBAN FATEN ZUBAIR
Published: February 2025

A new species, Uniyala keralensis from Kerala, India is described here with photographs. It is closely similar to U. comorinensis and U. salviifolia, but clearly distinct from the former by the consistently shrubby habit, larger lanceolate leaves with serrulate margins, fairly long petioles, fewer lateral nerves with very distinct secondary and tertiary nerves abaxially, many-flowered capitula with longer and narrowly lanceolate-falcate outer phyllaries and oblanceolate inner phyllaries, and smaller 3–4-ribbed achenes with a few hairs near the apex. The new species is also found distinct from U. salviifolia by the angled branchlets, larger lanceolate leaves with fairly long petioles, fewer lateral nerves, clearly visible secondary and tertiary nerves abxially, many-flowered capitulae, longer outer phyllaries, and 3–4-ribbed achenes that are sparsely ciliate towards the apex.
Three new species of Calea (Asteraceae, Neurolaeneae) from the sky islands of the Espinhaço Range
Authors: BUENO VINÍCIUS R. , BENTES MARINA SOARES , RAMOS RENATO , ZAVATIN DANILO A. , PRATA-SILVEIRA ANANDA
Published: February 2025

Thirty five years since the last new species was placed in Calea sect. Lemmatium, three new species for this section are described here: C. riopardensis, C. roqueana, and C. strigosa. These three new species belong to the C. sickii group, which is characterized by the few-headed cymose capitulescence or capitula solitary and ray florets 5–10 per capitulum (when radiate). Calea riopardensis resembles C. repanda, but it differs by the petiole 0.6–0.7 cm long (vs. 1.3–1.5 cm), leaf base attenuate (vs. rounded), and cypselae 3.5–3.8 mm long (vs. 3.0–3.2 mm). Calea roqueana is also similar to C. repanda, but it can be distinguished by the sessile leaves (vs. petiolate leaves), peduncle 1.2–5.5 cm long (vs. 0.45–0.7 cm), and cypselae 3.8–4.6 mm long (vs. 3.0–3.2 mm). Calea strigosa is morphologically close to C. sessilifolia, but it can be individualized by being 0.4–1.0 m tall (vs. 0.1–0.25 m), base subcordate (vs. rounded), and disc floret corolla 6.3–7.1 mm long (vs. 4.3–5.8 mm). These new species are hereby described, illustrated, its conservation status and taxonomic affinities are discussed. In addition, an identification key for the C. sickii group is provided and its geographical distribution is mapped.
A new species of the subfamily Suillelloideae (Boletaceae, Boletales) from China
Authors: ZHANG XIN , LI GUANGMEI , WANG YUHANG , WU GANG
Published: February 2025

The subfamily Suillelloideae is a large group within the fungal family Boletaceae, encompassing over 20 genera. New species within this subfamily are frequently discovered, particularly in subtropical and tropical regions. Based on morphological and molecular evidence, this study described a new species, namely A. rugosipileus of the genus Acyanoboletus in Suillelloideae from Southwest and South China. It is distinguished by its rugose, brownish pileus surface, yellowish hymenophore and context without color change when bruised, smooth basidiospores. Detailed morphological descriptions and phylogenetic analyses were performed, including comparisons with morphologically similar and phylogenetically related species. A dichotomous key for the Chinese species of Acyanoboletus is also provided.
Host Range Variability and Geographic Distribution of Meliola Species (Meliolales)
Authors: KHAN MUHAMMAD BINYAMIN , ZENG XIANG-YU , WAHAB ABDUL , SINANG HONGSANAN , HUANG SHI-KE , WEI DE-PING , LIU ZHENG-HUI , KANG JI-CHUAN , HE ZHANG-JIANG , ZHANG XIAN , PENG XING-CAN , WEN TING-CHI
Published: February 2025

Meliola is the largest genus in Meliolales that includes obligate, biotrophic foliar fungi growing on the surface of various plants parts, including leaves, stems, branches, and occasionally petioles of vascular plants. Meliola species occurs predominantly in tropical and subtropical regions. They are characterized by hyphal colonies on host surfaces and setae attached to these superficial hyphae, as well as distinctive morphological features of species of Meliolales, including unitunicate asci containing 2–4 pigmented, 3–4 septate ascospores. This study aims to analyze the host range and geographical distribution of Meliola species. Species delineation in Meliola is usually based host plant species names. However, how far naming of fungal species after host nomenclature is still questionable, as many morphologically similar Meliola species have been recorded from unrelated host plants. The range of host plants colonized by these species is highly variable with some species specialized to particular plant species. We conducted a comprehensive survey of Meliola species using published articles, books, and web-based resources. The highest species diversity was observed in tropical and sub-tropical environments. Current study focuses on the variability and geographical distribution of the genus Meliola. Meliola species have been recorded from different countries with different host plants. The enlisted data contains 177 plant families and 1765 Meliola species. These results provide a foundation for further ecological studies of species of Meliola and contribute to our understanding of fungal biodiversity and biogeography.
Sarocladium guizhouense, a new insect-associated species from Guizhou, China
Authors: TIAN XIAO-LI , CHEN WAN-HAO , LI DAN , CHEN LAN-YA , ZHAO JIE-HONG
Published: February 2025

Sarocladium species often known as plant pathogens, opportunistic human pathogens, endophytes, mycoparasites and saprobes. During a survey of fungi from Southwest China, a new species, Sarocladium guizhouense was isolated from an infected scale insect. Morphological comparisons and phylogenetic analyses based on multigene datasets (ITS, LSU and TEF) support the establishment of the new species. It differs from other species by having smaller conidia, and its conidia are not arranged in a false head or chain.
Spiradiclis hechiensis (Rubiaceae), a new cave-dwelling species from Northwest Guangxi, China
Authors: XIONG CHI , SUN FU-ZHANG , YANG YU-XIN , WU LEI
Published: February 2025

A new species of Rubiaceae, Spiradiclis hechiensis, is described and illustrated from a cave in the Karst region of Northwest Guangxi, China. Morphologically, it is related to S. pauciflora in the shape and color of the corolla. It can be easily distinguished by the shape of leaf blades, bracts, and calyx lobes, the number of secondary veins and flowers, as well as the size of capsules and seeds. At present, only one population has been confirmed to have approximately 50–100 mature individuals from the type locality. According to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, it is provisionally assessed as Critically Endangered [CR B1+2ab (iii)].
Two new species of Aclodes Hebard, 1928 (Orthoptera: Phalangopsidae: Paragryllinae) from caves in El Peñón, Central-East Andean Colombia
Authors: CARVALHO PEDRO HENRIQUE MENDES , FERREIRA RODRIGO LOPES
Published: February 2025

The genus Aclodes (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae) currently comprises 36 species. In this study, we describe two new species—Aclodes guane sp. nov. and Aclodes oscari sp. nov.—found in caves in Central-East Andean Colombia, based on distinguished male genitalia characteristics and number of teeth in the stridulatory file of the right tegmina of adult males. Furthermore, we provide comprehensive insights about the conservation status of the caves where the novel species were collected.
Endoparasitoid wasps of the genus Cubus (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Metopiinae) reared from caterpillars of Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica
Authors: ZUÑIGA RONALD , VALERIO ALEJANDRO A. , HANSON PAUL , HALLWACHS WINNIE , JANZEN DANIEL H.
Published: February 2025

As a result of COI barcoding over 200 reared specimens of what appeared to be Cubus validus from northwestern Costa Rica, and matching them with their host caterpillars and morphological traits, we describe eleven new sympatric species. All are endoparasitoids of leaf-rolling Crambidae (Lepidoptera). The new species, authored by Zúñiga, Valerio & Hanson, are: Cubus alanflemingi, C. christhompsoni, C. curtsabrowskyi, C. duvalierbricenoi, C. gracewoodae, C. jeffcummingi, C. jimoharai, C. johnstiremani, C. manuelzumbadoi, C. montywoodi, and C. normwoodleyi. We also provide an illustrated key, a table of key morphological characters of each species, and a table of host records.
Review of the genus Afronaso Jacobi, 1910 (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea, Caliscelidae), with the description of two new genera and a new species from tropical Africa and Madagascar
Authors: GNEZDILOV VLADIMIR M. , NEIMOROVETS VLADIMIR V.
Published: February 2025

The caliscelid genus Afronaso Jacobi, 1910 is reviewed, with a male of Afronaso cuneiceps (Fennah, 1957) described and illustrated for the first time. Savanopulex Dlabola, 1987 is placed in synonymy under Afronaso Jacobi, 1910 and Savanopulex endroedyi Dlabola, 1987 is placed in synonymy under Afronaso cuneiceps (Fennah, 1957). A new species, Afronaso pumilio Gnezdilov, sp. nov., is described from Uganda. A new genus, Rhinomada Gnezdilov, gen. nov., is erected to accommodate two Madagascan species, Afronaso gryphus Gnezdilov et Bourgoin, 2009 (type species) and A. malagasicus Gnezdilov et Bourgoin, 2009, with new combinations proposed—Rhinomada gryphus (Gnezdilov et Bourgoin, 2009), comb. nov. and Rh. malagasica (Gnezdilov et Bourgoin, 2009), comb. nov. A new genus, Albrehmus Gnezdilov, gen. nov., is erected to accommodate Issopulex chloe Linnavuori, 1973, recorded for the first time from Egypt and Erithrea, with a new combination proposed—Albrehmus chloe (Linnavuori, 1973), comb. nov. The relationships of the genera Afronaso Jacobi, 1910, Albrehmus Gnezdilov, gen. nov., Calampocus Gnezdilov et Bourgoin, 2009, Issopulex China et Fennah, 1960, and Rhinomada Gnezdilov, gen. nov. within the tribe Caliscelini are discussed. Key to species of the genera Afronaso Jacobi and Rhinomada Gnezdilov, gen. nov. are given.
A review of Paramaka Savage & Peters, 1992 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae), with the description of two new species
Authors: SALLES F.F. , DOMÍNGUEZ E. , MARIANO R. , BOLDRINI R. , CLAVIER S. , LIMA L. R. C.
Published: February 2025

Based on material from Brazil, Colombia, and French Guiana, two new species of Paramaka are described. The male imago of Paramaka lucimarae sp. nov. can be distinguished based on the following characteristics: abdominal color pattern uniformly tinged with orangish-brown; posteromedial projection of styliger plate short and not curved; telopenis base located at apical 2/3 of penis lobe; telopenis well developed and sclerotized, crossing medially, apex slightly expanded. The male imago of Paramaka takari sp. nov. can be distinguished based on the following characteristics: abdominal color pattern contrasting (segments I and VII or VIII to X darker, II to VI or VII translucent white); black medial marks on terga restricted to the anterior ½ (posterior segments) to ¼ (anterior segments); legs yellowish-white, except for apical black band on femora; posteromedial projection of styliger plate large and slightly curved at apex; and telopenis not sclerotized. Besides describing these new species, we present updated diagnoses, illustrations, distributional maps, and a key to nymphs and adults for all the species in the genus. Data is given based on fresh material of P. convexa and P. incognita and type-material of P. antonii, P. pearljam, P. incognita, and P. froehlichi.
A new species of Bryaxis Kugelann, 1794 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) from Vietnam
Authors: MIZERAKIS VANGELIS , HLAVÁČ PETER , FAILLE ARNAUD
Published: February 2025

A new species, Bryaxis phiaoaci sp. nov. from Phia Oac National Park in northern Vietnam, is described. This is the first species of this genus described from Vietnam.
Preoperative Oral Antibiotics Preparation is Associated With Improved 30-day Outcomes in Elective Colectomy for Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Li Renxi , Kartiko Susan
Published: February 2025

Background

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by colonic involvement, where the 10-year risk of colectomy remains high at about 20%. The use of preoperative oral antibiotic preparation (OAP) in colectomy remains a subject of debate and there was limited evidence for UC patients. This study aimed to retrospectively investigate the relationship between OAP and 30-day outcomes following elective colectomy in UC patients using a multi-institutional national dataset.

Methods

Patients with UC as the primary indication for colectomy were selected from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database from 2013 to 2022. Thirty-day postoperative outcomes were compared by multivariable logistic regression, where demographics, baseline characteristics, preoperative preparation, and operative approaches were adjusted.

Results

Among 6075 patients who underwent elective colectomy for UC, 3193 (52.56%) of them received preoperative OAP. Patients with OAP had lower cardiac complications (aOR = 0.358, 95 CI = 0.137-0.932, P = 0.04), pulmonary complications (aOR = 0.686, 95 CI = 0.494-0.952, P = 0.02), bleeding requiring transfusion (aOR = 0.738, 95 CI = 0.601-0.906, P < 0.01), wound complications (aOR = 0.626, 95 CI = 0.527-0.743, P < 0.01), prolonged postoperative nothing by mouth (NPO) or nasogastric tube (NGT) use (aOR = 0.781, 95 CI = 0.678-0.901, P < 0.01), and 30-day readmission (aOR = 0.811, 95 CI = 0.676-0.972, P = 0.02). Moreover, patients with OAP had shorter length of stay ( P < 0.01).

Conclusion

The use of OAP in elective UC colectomy was shown to have additional benefits beyond surgical site infections. Further large-scale randomized trials may be needed to determine the cause and effect of these observations.
Interprofessional collaboration: Measuring occupational therapists and teachers’ perceptions of collaborative practice in inclusive Australian primary schools
Authors: Jeremy Jill , Hinitt Joanne , Spandagou Ilektra
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Globally occupational therapists are collaborating with teachers to support the inclusion of students with disabilities in mainstream schools. To begin to understand how collaboration promotes inclusion, this study aimed to measure occupational therapists and teachers perceived collaborative practice.

Method:

A quantitative cross-sectional analysis of occupational therapists and teachers in mainstream primary schools in three Australian states was conducted via an anonymous online survey. Eligible participants were recruited via self-selection and snowballing, resulting in a nonprobability sample of 108 occupational therapists and 33 primary teachers. The Teacher – Therapist Collaboration Index, an instrument based on an existing conceptual framework and associated tool was developed to measure perceived collaborative practice.

Results:

Occupational therapist and teacher profiles were similar. Both professions report above average collaborative practice, although teachers rated themselves more collaborative on two components. Ratings did not significantly differ by profession, demographic, or background. Personal, professional and systems influences positively correlated with collaboration ratings, with systems having the strongest relationship.

Conclusion:

Systems changes may be necessary to improve collaboration. Therapists could use the framework and measurement instrument as tools to plan, execute and evaluate their collaborative practice.
Adverse Reactions by Radiopharmaceuticals: Retrospective Analysis of the Portuguese National Pharmacovigilance System
Authors: Martins Sara , Jesus Ângelo , Andrade Ricardo , Rocha Mariana , Martín-Suarez Ana
Published: February 2025

Background:

Radiopharmaceuticals are essential in the field of nuclear medicine, but like any other medicinal product, radiopharmaceuticals can potentially cause adverse reactions in patients.

Objective:

To describe the adverse reactions to radiopharmaceuticals reported to the Portuguese National Pharmacovigilance System (SNF).

Methods:

We performed a retrospective, observational study by examining individual case safety reports (ICSRs) provided by the SNF related to all radiopharmaceuticals commercially available in Portugal from 2010 to 2023.

Results:

The SNF received a total of 84 ICSRs. These reports resulted in a total of 224 adverse drug reactions (ADR), which involved a total of 15 different radiopharmaceuticals. The mean age of patients was 61.9 years old. Twenty-one different system organ classes (SOCs) were identified, with the most prevalent situations being “Gastrointestinal Disorders” (18.3%; n = 41) followed by “General disorders and administration site conditions” (16.5%; n = 37), “Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders” (11.2%; n = 25) and “Blood and lymphatic system disorders” (10.3%; n = 23). Fifty-seven reports (67.85%) showed at least 1 serious ADR. Most notified radiopharmaceuticals were, respectively, radium—223 (n = 36, 41.4%), lutetium-177 oxotreotide (n = 12, 13.8%) and iodide—131 (n = 9, 10.3%).

Conclusion and Relevance:

Although the number of notifications is limited, these findings provide valuable insights into the types and frequencies of adverse reactions associated with radiopharmaceuticals used in Portugal between 2010 and 2023. The data highlight the importance of continued pharmacovigilance efforts to monitor the safety of these specialized medical products and inform clinical decision-making.
Effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors on Nervous System Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xu Bo , Yang Mingxia , Li Shaoqian , Kang Bo , Zhou Jiecan
Published: February 2025

Background:

Adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at an increased risk for certain brain or psychiatric disorders, as are those with or without chronic kidney disease or heart failure. Whether sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are associated with these diseases is unclear.

Objective:

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on nervous system disorders.

Methods:

We searched PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Web of Science for randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trials of at least ≥24 weeks. We used Mantel–Haenszel statistical method, risk ratio (RR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) to dichotomous variables.

Results:

We included 52 publications/trials covering 111 376 participants (SGLT2 inhibitors 62 192; Placebo 49 184). Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors had no significant effect on ischaemic stroke (RR = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.87-1.09; P = 0.64), cerebrovascular accident (RR = 1.05; 95% CI = 0.91-1.22; P = 0.50), dementia (RR = 1.29; 95% CI = 0.78-2.12; P = 0.32), carotid artery occlusion/carotid artery stenosis (RR = 1.18; 95% CI: 0.92-1.53; P = 0.20), haemorrhagic stroke (RR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.62-1.12; P = 0.23), and transient ischaemic attack (RR = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.82-1.15; P = 0.73) compared to placebo. No significant heterogeneity was observed. However, SGLT2 inhibitors showed slight effects to reduce the risk of Parkinson’s disease (major heart failure subgroup). Empagliflozin and dapagliflozin significantly increased the risk of syncope (RR = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.15-2.38; P < 0.01) and carotid artery occlusion/carotid artery stenosis (RR = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.04-2.61; P = 0.03), respectively.

Conclusion and Relevance:

No significant effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on nervous system disorders was observed. There was reduced risk for Parkinson’s Disease observed in some specific populations. In addition, the risks of empagliflozin and dapagliflozin concerning syncope and carotid artery occlusion/carotid artery stenosis are worth attention.
Incidence of Late-Diagnosed Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip-Dislocation in Colombia, 2010 to 2020
Authors: Vargas Víctor , Satizábal Alejandro , Mahecha Marco , Rivera Triana Diana Patricia , Machado Gloria Belén
Published: February 2025

Among the spectrum of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH), cases involving dislocation (DDH-dislocation) are not frequently examined in global epidemiological research. This ecological study estimates the incidence of late-diagnosed DDH-dislocation among Colombian children aged 3 months to 18 years, from 2010 to 2020. Data were drawn from the Individual Service Provision Records (SISPRO) and vital statistics provided by the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE). A total of 68 460 late-diagnosed DDH-dislocation cases were identified, with a female-to-male ratio of 2.2:1. Annual incidence ranged from 4.3 to 8.3 per 1000 live births. Elevated rates were concentrated in central Cundiboyacense, southern Santander, and the Nariñense Andean Massif regions. These findings underscore the need for a nationwide early detection program designed to reduce late diagnoses, especially in areas with higher incidence rates.
Burden and Determinants of Anemia Among 6 to 59-Month-old Children in the Pastoral Communities of Borana, Borana Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Ashenafi Girma , Aliyo Alqeer , Tesfa Bontu
Published: February 2025

Anemia represents a significant global public health issue, particularly during the early stages of childhood in developing countries, including Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a hospital with 209 children aged 6 to 59 months. Blood samples were collected from finger/heel pricks and analyzed using the HemoCue Hb 201 analyzer. SPSS was used for data analysis. The overall prevalence of anemia was 29.7%. The study revealed that children with anemic mothers’ history [AOR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.20-2.60], children of lower monthly income families [AOR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.19-2.53], children aged 12 to 23 months were identified as the most at risk group [AOR = 3.26, 95% CI = 1.22-8.68] the odds of anemia decreased as the child’s age increased. Providing supplements and enhancing family income for children of anemic mothers and those aged 12 to 23 months should be prioritized to manage anemia in children under 5 in the study area.
Hypomyelination Leukodystrophy Type 11 (HLD11) Presenting with Diabetes: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Alsalah Qusai A. , Alqam Donya Y. , Jarrar Kawthar S. , Alqam Lina Y. , Rjob Yasmin A. , Smerat Mohammad I. , Mujahed Ramzi H.
Published: February 2025

Hypomyelination leukodystrophies (HLDs) are a group of rare genetic disorders that impair myelin formation in the central nervous system (CNS), leading to developmental delays and neurological symptoms. HLD type 11 (HLD11) is caused by mutations in the POLR1C gene, manifesting with a 4H phenotype (hypomyelination, hypodontia, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) and associated neurodevelopmental delays. Here, we report a case of a male patient diagnosed with HLD11 who presented with developmental delay, hypotonia, and cerebellar atrophy. Whole exome sequencing identified a homozygous likely pathogenic POLR1C variant. Notably, the patient developed diabetes, an association not previously documented in HLD11. Despite intensive care, he ultimately passed away due to complications at 3.5 years of age. This report highlights the importance of thorough endocrinological evaluation in HLD patients and underscores the need for further research to understand the full spectrum of HLD11 manifestations.
Viral Load Monitoring Practices and Correlates of Viral Non-suppression Among Children and Young Adolescents Living With HIV in Kiambu County, Kenya
Authors: Gachoka Lilian N. , Njoroge Anne
Published: February 2025

Introduction. Viral suppression rates among children and young adolescents living with HIV (CYALHIV) has been reported to be lower compared to adults. Follow up through viral load monitoring may influence their health outcomes. Objective. In this cross-sectional study we determined viral load monitoring practices and correlates of viral non-suppression of all CYALHIV in the main public hospitals in Kiambu County, Kenya. Data was abstracted from electronic medical records. Methods. Multivariable log binomial regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and assess correlates of viral non-suppression. Adherence to viral load testing guidelines was also assessed. Viral non-suppression was defined as a viral load (VL) >1000c/ml. Results. Of the 252 CYALHIV, the median age was 11 (IQR: 7-13) years. At the most current VL, 14% were non-suppressed. Correlates of non-suppression included a history of Tuberculosis, [aPR = 4.25; 95% CI = 1.41-12.8; p = .01], antiretroviral drug side effects [aPR = 3.01; 95% CI = 1.37-6.62; p = 0.006] and having received enhanced adherence counselling (EAC) [aPR = 5.32; 95% CI = 2.00-14.15; p = .001]. Although the timing of baseline VL tests improved over the years, routine VL monitoring as per the guidelines remained suboptimal. Conclusions. There is need for adherence to VL monitoring guidelines for prompt action among non-suppressed children.
Evaluation of Constipation in Pediatric Patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Vanderzwaag Katie , Byrd Jay , Van Ormer Matthew , Samson Kaeli , Freestone David ,   Members of the BBDC, Wallace Maegen
Published: February 2025

Background. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder of connective tissue that often presents with fractures and bone bowing. Constipation is a common symptom in OI and is likley multifactorial. To our knowledge no assessment of the relationship between OI type, OI complications, and constipation has been conducted in this vulnerable patient population. Methods. A retrospective chart and radiographic review was conducted to assess the relationship between constipation and OI type, age, gender, GI symptoms, mobility scores and overall functionality. A total of 98 children with OI were included. Radiographs were analyzed to determine the presence of acetabular protrusio and the degree of fecal loading. Results. Fifty-three female (54%) and 45 male (46%) OI children with a median age of 85.8 months were analyzed. OI types were 30.6% Type I, 30.6% Type III, 27.6% Type IV, and 11.2% other. Constipation was reported in 60%, 26.7%, 11.1%, and 54.5% of children with types III, I, IV, and other, respectively. There was a statistically significant association between the severity of OI and the report of constipation ( P < .001). Participants who reported weakness had a higher percentage of constipation, 55.6% versus 21.1%, ( P = .001). Sixty percent of children with acetabular protrusion reported constipation, while only 27.4% of children without acetabular protrusion reported constipation ( P < .01). Conclusion. Our study demonstrates a potential link between constipation and severity of OI, with weakness as a likely contributing factor. This study also affirmed an association between acetabular protrusion and constipation. Constipation warrants further investigation in OI as to cause and treatment.
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Common Congenital Heart Diseases: A Scoping Review
Authors: Rivera-Torrejón Oscar , Chavez-Ecos Fabian A. , Taype-Rondan Alvaro
Published: February 2025

Objective. To summarize the characteristics and reliability of clinical practice guidelines (CPG) for diagnosing and managing common congenital heart diseases (CHD). Methods. We conducted a scoping review of CPG for CHD (ventricular septal defects, atrial septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, and coarctation of aorta) published or updated from 2018 to April 2023. We searched in general search engines, CPG repositories, and webpages of organizations that elaborate CPG. To assess the reliability of CPG, we used the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation II (AGREE-II) tool, with a score ≥70% considered acceptable quality. Results. Twenty-one CPG were identified. Only 6 (28.6%) conducted systematic reviews, and none achieved an acceptable AGREE-II score. “Scope and purpose” had the highest scores, while “stakeholder involvement” had the lowest. Conclusions. Most CPG for CHD lack systematic reviews and do not meet acceptable quality standards, underscoring the need for evidence-based guidelines to guide diagnosis and management effectively.
Non-Candida mycosis in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries: perspective of a low-incidence region
Authors: AlSaleh Abdullah , Shahid Mohammed
Published: February 2025

Background

Fungal pathogens are ubiquitous microorganisms that are implicated in a wide range of infections, affecting individuals with underlying health conditions and immune suppression therapy; however, immunocompetent individuals may also be at risk. Among these infections, many are caused by molds and yeasts other than Candida and are recognized in clinical practice, such as aspergillosis, mucormycosis, fusariosis, phaeohyphomycosis, and basidiobolomycosis, among others, each presents different clinical manifestations and requires clinical management specific to the site of involvement. Although pathogenic fungal contaminants and potential sources of mycosis in humans are plentiful in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, epidemiological reports regarding mycosis in the region are scarce.

Aim

The aim of this review is to shed some light on the epidemiology of clinically associated molds and yeasts other than Candida and to survey all related case reports and epidemiological studies conducted in the GCC over the past 10 years.

Methods

A comprehensive search of the Medline (PubMed) and Scopus databases was conducted using the following keywords: Aspergillosis, Mycosis, Mucormycosis, Fusarium, Kuwait, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Oman and the United Arab Emirates. A timeframe was set to include only articles that were published from 2014 to 2024.

Results

One hundred thirty-five of the 1563 articles examined fulfilled the purpose of this review. Most studies were in Saudi Arabia (45%), Qatar (18%) and Kuwait (16%). Mucormycosis, aspergillosis, phaeohyphomycosis and basidiobolomycosis were among the most commonly reported fungal infections in the GCC, with corresponding mortality rates of 53%, 37%, 69% and 24%, respectively. The average estimations of non-Candida fungal infections indicate a low regional incidence in comparison with global estimations.

Conclusion

Awareness and a high index of suspicion are warranted in successfully managing non-Candida mycosis. More specific immunological and molecular markers are needed for differential diagnosis to rule out fungal infections. Additionally, incorporating non-Candida mycosis-related antifungal resistance surveys in GCC national surveillance efforts should be enforced, especially when considering the increase in global mycosis rates.
Sensitivity of intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring for scoliosis correction in identifying postoperative neurological deficits: a retrospective chart review of the Scoliosis Research Society morbidity and mortality database
Authors: Lau Kenney Ki Lee , Kwan Kenny Yat Hong , Cheung Jason Pui Yin
Published: February 2025

Background

Surgical intervention is the ultimate treatment for scoliosis, but iatrogenic spinal cord injury is one of the major concerns. Although intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring can aid in detecting and reducing postoperative neurological complications, its use is still controversial.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of 6,577 scoliotic patients who underwent surgery for curve correction with a reported complication was conducted. Our dataset was sourced from the morbidity and mortality database of the Scoliosis Research Society spanning the period from 2013 to 2023. The sensitivity of intraoperative monitoring was evaluated.

Results

Intraoperative monitoring was used in 60% of surgeries, while 26% of the reported complications in the study cohort were new postoperative neurologic deficits. The overall monitoring performance indicated a sensitivity of 45%. Neurogenic motor evoked potential showed the best outcomes among the individual monitoring methods. The highest sensitivity (60.4%) was achieved using four monitoring methods, demonstrating significantly better results than one, two, and three methods.

Conclusions

The monitoring practice benefits in distinguishing postoperative neurologic deficits within the scoliosis population. Employing four monitoring techniques yielded the most favourable outcomes.