bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cinematic Chaos, Catastrophe, and Unpredictable Embrace
Authors: Gowanlock Jordan
Published: May 2021

This chapter studies how unpredictable change is understood through concepts like of fractals, chaos theory, catastrophe theory, perfect storms, and climate models in feature films from 1982 to 2019, both as narrative themes and as spectacular simulation-based animations. Positing a particular mode of visual effects spectatorship, the chapter observes how narrative, theme, and spectacular images represent these concepts in congress. Over the period surveyed, these representations shift from sublime overwhelming images of disastrous events to more recent examples that embrace chaos as a source of creativity and knowledge.
Der Kohleausstieg: Gesetzliche Ausgestaltung und Perspektiven
Authors: Stürmlinger Marie-Christin , Fuchs Severin
Published: May 2021

Am 14.8.2020 ist das Kohleausstiegsgesetz (KAusStG) in Kraft getreten. Es regelt die schrittweise
Reduzierung und Beendigung der Kohleverstromung in Deutschland. Der folgende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick
über die getroffenen Regelungen und nimmt dabei neben dem in Art. 1 KAusStG geregelten Kohleverstromungsbeendigungsgesetz
(KVBG) auch die Änderungen in anderen Gesetzen, bspw. in EnWG und KWKG, in den Blick.
Ein Landwirtschaftsgesetz für Deutschland im Zeichen des Umweltschutzes und der Biodiversität
– Zentrale Gesetzesinhalte und Finanzierung
Authors: Czybulka Detlef , Fischer-Hüftle Peter , Hampicke Ulrich , Köck Wolfgang , Martinez JosÃ©
Published: May 2021

Nachdem bereits in einer Abhandlung (NuR 2021, Heft 4) Notwendigkeit, Funktion und Leitbild eines
neuen Landwirtschaftsgesetzes dargestellt wurden, behandelt der vorliegende Aufsatz die erforderlichen materiellen
Regelungen, insbesondere zum Schutz der Biodiversität, sowie die Finanzierung.
Embracing integrated watershed revitalization in Suzhou, China: learning from global case studies
Authors: Kim Joon Sik , Batey Peter W. J. , Fan Yanting , Zhong Sheng
Published: May 2021

Suzhou is China’s historic water town, and a sustainable approach to watershed revitalization is firmly on the agenda. The practice of integrated watershed management requires collaborative planning involving a significant number of stakeholders; no single organization can solve the problems of ecosystem management unilaterally. The changing social–political environment in China has led to the development of a new form of governance. China is in transition from the traditional government image of a regulator and a controller towards an enabler that facilitates provision and action by, and through, others. Global case studies show that sustainability issues are essential to tackling watershed ecosystem management by creating a win–win strategy for wider stakeholders. Viewed from an institutional perspective, the emergence of a new collaborative partnership model requires a different implementation process to tackle practical problems in the face of complex watershed agendas. Drawing upon global and China’s experiences, the paper concludes that some planning processes require government leadership continuity, while others need bottom–up approaches.
The World of States
Authors: Campbell John L. , Hall John A.
Published: May 2021

Without nation-states Covid-19, climate change, international cyberattacks, and other threats would go unchecked. In The World of States, John L. Campbell and John A. Hall challenge the view that nation-states have lost their relevance in the context of globalization and rising nationalism. The book traces how states evolved historically, how contemporary states differ from one another, and the interactions between them. States today confront a host of challenges, but two features make some states more effective than others: institutional arrangement and national identity. The second edition has been updated to discuss why the BRICS countries (with the exception of China) are no longer the rising powers they were once thought to be; the effects of Brexit on the European Union; the legacy of the Trump administration for US politics and hegemony; and how the coronavirus may upset the world of states going forward.
European Union Corporate Tax Law
Authors: Panayi Christiana HJI
Published: May 2021

How does EU law affect Member State corporate tax systems and the cross-border activities of companies? This book traces the historical development of EU corporate tax law and provides an in-depth analysis of a number of issues affecting companies, groups of companies, and permanent establishments. Christiana HJI Panayi examines existing legislation, soft law, and the case law of the Court of Justice, as well as the Commission's burgeoning external tax policy initiatives. The book not only explores the tax issues pertaining to direct investment, but also analyzes the taxation of passive investment income, corporate reorganisations, exit taxes, and the treatment of anti-abuse regimes. Through this careful analysis, the book highlights the convergences and divergences arising from the interplay between EU corporate tax law and international tax law, especially the OECD model tax convention. This second edition also reviews developments in the context of the State aid prohibition and high-profile cases on tax rulings.
Propulsion system integration for a first-generation hydrogen civil airliner?
Authors: Huete J. , Nalianda D. , Pilidis P.
Published: May 2021

An unusual philosophical approach is proposed here to decarbonise larger civil aircraft that fly long ranges and consume a large fraction of civil aviation fuel. These inject an important amount of carbon emissions into the atmosphere, and holistic decarbonising solutions must consider this sector. A philosophical–analytical investigation is reported here on the feasibility of an airliner family to fly over long ranges and assist in the elimination of carbon dioxide emissions from civil aviation.

Backed by state-of-the-art correlations and engine performance integration analytical tools, a family of large airliners is proposed based on the development and integration of the body of a very large two-deck four-engine airliner with the engines, wings and flight control surfaces of a very long-range twin widebody jet. The proposal is for a derivative design and not a retrofit. This derivative design may enable a swifter entry to service.

The main contribution of this study is a philosophical one: a carefully evaluated aircraft family that appears to have very good potential for first-generation hydrogen-fuelled airliners using gas turbine engines for propulsion. This family offers three variants: a 380-passenger aircraft with a range of 3,300nm, a 330-passenger aircraft with a range of 4,800nm and a 230-passenger aircraft with a range of 5,500nm. The latter range is crucially important because it permits travel from anywhere in the globe to anywhere else with only one stop. The jet engine of choice is a 450kN high-bypass turbofan.
Securitisation gaps: Towards ideational understandings of state weakness
Authors: Oskanian Kevork
Published: May 2021

This article contributes a securitisation-based, interpretive approach to state weakness. The long-dominant positivist approaches to the phenomenon have been extensively criticised for a wide range of deficiencies. Responding to Lemay-Hébert's suggestion of a ‘Durkheimian’, ideational-interpretive approach as a possible alternative, I base my conceptualisation on Migdal's view of state weakness as emerging from a ‘state-in-society's’ contested ‘strategies of survival’. I argue that several recent developments in Securitisation Theory enable it to capture this contested ‘collective knowledge’ on the state: a move away from state-centrism, the development of a contextualised ‘sociological’ version, linkages made between securitisation and legitimacy, and the acknowledgment of ‘securitisations’ as a contested Bourdieusian field. I introduce the concept of ‘securitisation gaps’ – divergences in the security discourses and practices of state and society – as a concept aimed at capturing this contested role of the state, operationalised along two logics (reactive/substitutive) – depending on whether they emerge from securitisations of the state action or inaction – and three intensities (latent, manifest, and violent), depending on the extent to which they involve challenges to state authority. The approach is briefly illustrated through the changing securitisation gaps in the Republic of Lebanon during the 2019–20 ‘October Uprising’.
Altered Renal Pathology in an Autoimmune Disease Mouse Model After Induction of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hiramatsu Shiori , Ichii Osamu , Namba Takashi , Otani Yuki , Nakamura Teppei , Masum Md. Abdul , Elewa Yaser Hosny Ali , Kon Yasuhiro
Published: May 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a predisposing factor for renal disorder progression and is referred to as diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, there are no reports of DKD with an underlying autoimmune disorder. In this study, we compared the pathophysiological changes caused by DM induction after streptozotocin (STZ) injection in comparison with that in a control group receiving citrate buffer (CB) in the autoimmune disease model mice “BXSB/MpJ-Yaa” (Yaa) and the wild-type strain BXSB/MpJ. Both strains showed hyperglycemia after 12 weeks of STZ injection. Interestingly, the Yaa group developed membranous and proliferative glomerulonephritis, which tended to be milder glomerular lesions in the STZ group than in the CB group, as indicated by a decreased mesangial area and ameliorated albuminuria. Statistically, the indices for hyperglycemia and autoimmune abnormalities were negatively and positively correlated with the histopathological parameters for mesangial matrix production and glomerular proliferative lesions, respectively. STZ treatment induced renal tubular anisonucleosis and dilations in both strains, and they were more severe in Yaa. Significantly decreased cellular infiltration was observed in the Yaa group compared to the CB group. Thus, in DKD related to autoimmune nephritis, hyperglycemia modifies its pathology by decreasing the mesangial area and interstitial inflammation and aggravating renal tubular injury.
Prenatal nicotine exposure leads to decreased histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation and increased p66shc expression in the neonatal pancreas
Authors: Raez-Villanueva Sergio , Debnath Amrita , Hardy Daniel B. , Holloway Alison C.
Published: May 2021

Prenatal exposure to nicotine, tobacco’s major addictive constituent, has been shown to reduce birth weight and increases apoptosis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the postnatal pancreas. Given that upregulated levels of the pro-oxidative adapter protein p66shc is observed in growth-restricted offspring and is linked to beta-cell apoptosis, the goal of this study was to investigate whether alterations in p66shc expression underlie the pancreatic deficits in nicotine-exposed offspring. Maternal administration of nicotine in rats increased p66shc expression in the neonatal pancreas. Similarly, nicotine treatment augmented p66shc expression in INS-1E pancreatic beta cells. Increased p66shc expression was also associated with decreased histone H3 lysine 9 methylation. Finally, nicotine increased the expression of Kdm4c, a key histone lysine demethylase, and decreased Suv39h1, a critical histone lysine methyltransferase. Collectively, these results suggest that upregulation of p66shc through posttranslational histone modifications may underlie the reported adverse outcomes of nicotine exposure on pancreatic function.
Class, Agency, and Citizenship in Belarusian Protest
Authors: Gapova Elena
Published: May 2021

This paper focuses on the unprecedented mobilization that unravelled in the aftermath of the Bearusian elections of 2020. The argument made is that issues of agency and participation in political decision making are it its core.
Echo of 1989? Protest Imaginaries and Identity Dilemmas in Belarus
Authors: Bekus Nelly
Published: May 2021

The revolution of 2020 in Belarus has often been described as a new 1989 and there is no doubt that the emancipatory appeal of the Belarusian protests is similar to the one that sustained the 1989 revolutions. But will building the democratic system—the major aspiration of the Belarusian protesters—follow the scripts of liberalization and westernization in evidence in other eastern and central European countries? Will self-determination in post-Lukashenka Belarus follow a scenario modelled on the patterns adopted by other east European and post-Soviet states, where ethnocentric national identities and the memory of victims of communism became distinctive markers of east European post-communism? Examining the symbolic dimension of the protest repertoire, this article demonstrates how the protests re-arranged the system of historical and cultural references that shaped the foundation of Belarusian collective memory and identity discourses since 1994. It reveals how a broad variety of actors engaged in contention activated a process of re-signification of cultural and political symbols and ideas and led to the formation of a blended socio-cultural imaginary, which integrates previously disconnected and competing projects and ideologies.
The Anatomy of Impatience: Exploring Factors behind 2020 Labor Unrest in Belarus
Authors: Artiukh Volodymyr
Published: May 2021

The wave of labor unrest that accompanied Belarusian post-election protests had no precedents in the country's independent history or recent post-Soviet political protest mobilizations. These protests challenge the prevalent trend in the current literature on the post-Soviet working class to stress its weakness in terms of organization, as well as structural and material resources. This article relies on a database of workplace-related protest events (August 10–September 30) and a selection of statements, interviews, and social media discussions among participants of the protests, in order to explain this unexpected activation of the seemingly passive Belarusian working class. The author hypothesizes that it was the vagueness of the Belarusian opposition's ideology and workers’ participation in the broader protest movement that helped them overcome the challenges of suppressed voice, bureaucratic despotism, and atomization. These mobilizing factors, however, limit the further development of autonomous labor organizations and their democratizing impact.
On the Cause of the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition
Authors: Berends C. J. , Köhler P. , Lourens L. J. , van de Wal R. S. W.
Published: May 2021

The Mid‐Pleistocene Transition (MPT), where the Pleistocene glacial cycles changed from 41 to ∼100 kyr periodicity, is one of the most intriguing unsolved issues in the field of paleoclimatology. Over the course of over four decades of research, several different physical mechanisms have been proposed to explain the MPT, involving non‐linear feedbacks between ice sheets and the global climate, the solid Earth, ocean circulation, and the carbon cycle. Here, we review these different mechanisms, comparing how each of them relates to the others, and to the currently available observational evidence. Based on this discussion, we identify the most important gaps in our current understanding of the MPT. We discuss how new model experiments, which focus on the quantitative differences between the different physical mechanisms, could help fill these gaps. The results of those experiments could help interpret available proxy evidence, as well as new evidence that is expected to become available.
Cyclone Tauktae Documents a Climate Trend in the Tropics
Authors: Pardikar Rishika
Published: May 2021

The western Indian Ocean has been warming at a rate faster than any other region in the tropical oceans, a pattern that is contributing to more frequent and intense storm activity.
Longitudinal association between CRP levels and risk of psychosis: a meta-analysis of population-based cohort studies
Authors: Osimo Emanuele F. , Baxter Luke , Stochl Jan , Perry Benjamin I. , Metcalf Stephen A. , Kunutsor Setor K. , Laukkanen Jari A. , Wium-Andersen Marie Kim , Jones Peter B. , Khandaker Golam M.
Published: May 2021

Meta-analyses of cross-sectional studies suggest that patients with psychosis have higher circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) compared with healthy controls; however, cause and effect is unclear. We examined the prospective association between CRP levels and subsequent risk of developing a psychotic disorder by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based cohort studies. Databases were searched for prospective studies of CRP and psychosis. We obtained unpublished results, including adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, and socioeconomic status and suspected infection (CRP > 10 mg/L). Based on random effect meta-analysis of 89,792 participants (494 incident cases of psychosis at follow-up), the pooled odds ratio (OR) for psychosis for participants with high (>3 mg/L), as compared to low (≤3 mg/L) CRP levels at baseline was 1.50 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09–2.07). Evidence for this association remained after adjusting for potential confounders (adjusted OR [aOR] = 1.31; 95% CI, 1.03–1.66). After excluding participants with suspected infection, the OR for psychosis was 1.36 (95% CI, 1.06–1.74), but the association attenuated after controlling for confounders (aOR = 1.23; 95% CI, 0.95–1.60). Using CRP as a continuous variable, the pooled OR for psychosis per standard deviation increase in log(CRP) was 1.11 (95% CI, 0.93–1.34), and this association further attenuated after controlling for confounders (aOR = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.90–1.27) and excluding participants with suspected infection (aOR = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.92–1.24). There was no association using CRP as a categorical variable (low, medium or high). While we provide some evidence of a longitudinal association between high CRP (>3 mg/L) and psychosis, larger studies are required to enable definitive conclusions.
Proteotyping of knockout mouse strains reveals sex- and strain-specific signatures in blood plasma
Authors: Mohammed Yassene , Michaud Sarah A. , Pětrošová Helena , Yang Juncong , Ganguly Milan , Schibli David , Flenniken Ann M. , Nutter Lauryl M. J. , Adissu Hibret A. , Lloyd K. C. Kent , McKerlie Colin , Borchers Christoph H.
Published: May 2021

We proteotyped blood plasma from 30 mouse knockout strains and corresponding wild-type mice from the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium. We used targeted proteomics with internal standards to quantify 375 proteins in 218 samples. Our results provide insights into the manifested effects of each gene knockout at the plasma proteome level. We first investigated possible contamination by erythrocytes during sample preparation and labeled, in one case, up to 11 differential proteins as erythrocyte originated. Second, we showed that differences in baseline protein abundance between female and male mice were evident in all mice, emphasizing the necessity to include both sexes in basic research, target discovery, and preclinical effect and safety studies. Next, we identified the protein signature of each gene knockout and performed functional analyses for all knockout strains. Further, to demonstrate how proteome analysis identifies the effect of gene deficiency beyond traditional phenotyping tests, we provide in-depth analysis of two strains,C8a−/−andNpc2+/−. The proteins encoded by these genes are well-characterized providing good validation of our method in homozygous and heterozygous knockout mice. Ig alpha chain C region, a poorly characterized protein, was among the differentiating proteins inC8a−/−. InNpc2+/−mice, where histopathology and traditional tests failed to differentiate heterozygous from wild-type mice, our data showed significant difference in various lysosomal storage disease-related proteins. Our results demonstrate how to combine absolute quantitative proteomics with mouse gene knockout strategies to systematically study the effect of protein absence. The approach used here for blood plasma is applicable to all tissue protein extracts.
Elevating CDCA3 levels in non-small cell lung cancer enhances sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy
Authors: Kildey Katrina , Gandhi Neha S. , Sahin Katherine B. , Shah Esha T. , Boittier Eric , Duijf Pascal H. G. , Molloy Christopher , Burgess Joshua T. , Beard Sam , Bolderson Emma , Suraweera Amila , Richard Derek J. , O’Byrne Kenneth J. , Adams Mark N.
Published: May 2021

Platinum-based chemotherapy remains the cornerstone of treatment for most non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases either as maintenance therapy or in combination with immunotherapy. However, resistance remains a primary issue. Our findings point to the possibility of exploiting levels of cell division cycle associated protein-3 (CDCA3) to improve response of NSCLC tumours to therapy. We demonstrate that in patients and in vitro analyses, CDCA3 levels correlate with measures of genome instability and platinum sensitivity, whereby CDCA3high tumours are sensitive to cisplatin and carboplatin. In NSCLC, CDCA3 protein levels are regulated by the ubiquitin ligase APC/C and cofactor Cdh1. Here, we identified that the degradation of CDCA3 is modulated by activity of casein kinase 2 (CK2) which promotes an interaction between CDCA3 and Cdh1. Supporting this, pharmacological inhibition of CK2 with CX-4945 disrupts CDCA3 degradation, elevating CDCA3 levels and increasing sensitivity to platinum agents. We propose that combining CK2 inhibitors with platinum-based chemotherapy could enhance platinum efficacy in CDCA3low NSCLC tumours and benefit patients.
Selective targeting of non-centrosomal AURKA functions through use of a targeted protein degradation tool
Authors: Wang Richard , Ascanelli Camilla , Abdelbaki Ahmed , Fung Alex , Rasmusson Tim , Michaelides Iacovos , Roberts Karen , Lindon Catherine
Published: May 2021

Targeted protein degradation tools are becoming a new therapeutic modality, allowing small molecule ligands to be reformulated as heterobifunctional molecules (PROteolysis Targeting Chimeras, PROTACs) that recruit ubiquitin ligases to targets of interest, leading to ubiquitination and destruction of the targets. Several PROTACs against targets of clinical interest have been described, but detailed descriptions of the cell biology modulated by PROTACs are missing from the literature. Here we describe the functional characterization of a PROTAC derived from AURKA inhibitor MLN8237 (alisertib). We demonstrate efficient and specific destruction of both endogenous and overexpressed AURKA by Cereblon-directed PROTACs. At the subcellular level, we find differential targeting of AURKA on the mitotic spindle compared to centrosomes. The phenotypic consequences of PROTAC treatment are therefore distinct from those mediated by alisertib, and in mitotic cells differentially regulate centrosome- and chromatin- based microtubule spindle assembly pathways. In interphase cells PROTAC-mediated clearance of non-centrosomal AURKA modulates the cytoplasmic role played by AURKA in mitochondrial dynamics, whilst the centrosomal pool is refractory to PROTAC-mediated clearance. Our results point to differential sensitivity of subcellular pools of substrate, governed by substrate conformation or localization-dependent accessibility to PROTAC action, a phenomenon not previously described for this new class of degrader compounds.
A hierarchically multifunctional integrated catalyst with intimate and synergistic active sites for one-pot tandem catalysis
Authors: Yao Yao , Huang Kexin , Liu Yi , Luo Tingting , Tian Ge , Li Jiaxin , Zhang Song , Chang Ganggang , Yang Xiaoyu
Published: May 2021

As a typical process-intensive strategy, a tandem reaction driven by a multifunctional catalyst is a paragon of the green catalytic process.
Experimental and theoretical evidence of charge transfer in multi-component alloys – how chemical interactions reduce atomic size mismatch
Authors: Casillas-Trujillo Luis , Osinger Barbara , Lindblad Rebecka , Karlsson Dennis , Abrikosov Alexei I. , Fritze Stefan , von Fieandt Kristina , Alling Björn , Hotz Ingrid , Jansson Ulf , Abrikosov Igor A. , Lewin Erik
Published: May 2021

Ab initioDFT simulations show significant charge transfer in multi-component alloys reducing atomic mismatch, which is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Cross-linked polymers based on B–O bonds: synthesis, structure and properties
Authors: Zhang Xiaoting , Zhao Yuhong , Wang Shujuan , Jing Xinli
Published: May 2021

Research progress of boron-containing crosslinked polymers with different structures and functions is summarized, and the crosslinking structure, pyrolysis mechanism and exchange mechanism of cross-linked polymers based on B–O bonds are highlighted.
Alkali-amide-catalyzed divergent sp2and sp3C–H bonds alkylation of alkylthiophenes with alkenes
Authors: Luo Yan-Long , Du Hui-Zhen , Guan Bing-Tao
Published: May 2021

Divergent sp2and sp3C–H bonds alkylation of alkylthiophenes was achieved selectively with LDA and KHMDS catalysts, providing not only atom-economical synthesis approaches but also some insights in the different behaviours of the alkali amides.
Controlling the Co–S coordination environment in Co-doped WS2 nanosheets for electrochemical oxygen reduction
Authors: Hong Wei , Meza Erika , Li Christina W.
Published: May 2021

The impact of Co–S coordination environment in pH 7 ORR catalysis is evaluated using dilute Co atoms adsorbed on WS2 nanosheets. Optimal reactivity is achieved when Co is coordinated to both sulfur atoms on WS2 and labile solvent ligands.
Complex additives for concretes on the base of caprolactam
Authors: Sokolova Yulia , Akulova Marina , Polyakov Vyacheslav , Sokolova Alla , Polyakov Igor
Published: May 2021

In the modern construction operations, complex multifunctional additives are the most in demand. Application and development of chemical additives enable to consider the modern concrete as a complex composite material, with the properties surpassed the combinations of the properties of its components. In the paper, the action mechanisms of various types of plasticizers and superplasticizers are studied as well as their impact on the properties of concrete mixture and concrete. The most popular plasticizers of concrete mixtures are superplasticizer C-3, alkaline waste of caprolactam process, and technical lignosulphonates. The products of oligomerization of ɛ-caprolactam in the organic substance medium or its interaction with various sustances of synthetic or natural origin are considered perspective multifunctional additives of building mixes. In the paper, the properties of additives obtained by the method of mechanochemical activation of the mixture containing oligomers of ɛ-caprolactam, superplasticizer C-3, technical lignosulphonate, and inorganic salts are researched. The carried out investigation has demonstrated improved plasticizing and water retention properties of the additives as well as acceleration of concrete stress generation at the early strength stage. Based on the research findings for the obtained complex additives for the concrete B40, it was stated that the additives obtained by mechanochemical activation of the initial mixture perform as effective plasticizers and concrete hardeners.
Longevity enhancement of wooden civil structures
Authors: Pokrovskaya Elena
Published: May 2021

A method of longevity enhancement of wooden civil structures by absorption-chemical modification of timber surfaces is described herein. The modifiers were phosphoric acid ethers. The properties of the superficial layer were studied by IR-spectroscopy and elementary analysis by Energy Dispersion X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) for build-up detection of covalent bonds of the modifier with the timber surface. During mycological studies, quantities of vital spores on surfaces of wooden structures were measured. As a result, the modified surface of the timber features durable a high degree of biological and fire protection enhancing the longevity of timber structures. The obtained results were practically introduced for longevity enhancement of the timber structures in Ryazan Kremlin, Anglican Church in Archangel’sk City, Nikol’skaya Church (Lyavlya Village, Archangel’sk Region), in Yaroslavl’ Wooden Architecture Museum, Holy Trinity Sergius’ Lavra, in construction of individual housings in Moscow Region.
Systematic monitoring of the deformed state of long-length reinforced concrete structures with an assessment of their reliability
Authors: Perunov Aleksandr , Baulin Aleksey
Published: May 2021

The article shows the method of systematic monitoring of the stress-strain state of reinforced concrete structures covering one of the operated public railway stations. The description of large-span structures of the building, their defects and damages acquired during the operation of the building is given. The article describes the methodology and methods used for long-term, more than 2 years, continuous monitoring of the deformed state of coating structures in operation. The most damaged structures are examined in detail with the help of installed devices to obtain accurate data. The features of measurements in different periods of time and time of year are described. Based on the results of the obtained measurements of the stress-strain state of the building coating structures, the possibility of their further operation is predicted, taking into account the defects and damages found during the survey.
The distribution of wind gusts in the atmosphere for flexible high-rise structures
Authors: Mondrus Vladimir , Karakozova Anastasia
Published: May 2021

Modern building standards are universal and applicable to the calculation of any structures with one or another measure of stock. However, the calculation of specific groups of structures requires detailed consideration and clarification. The article suggests some refinements in calculating of the high-rise structures made of metal for the pulsating component of the wind load.
Algorithm for selecting the structures of coastal protection construction to ensure environmentally safe condition of the coastal urbanized recreational areas
Authors: Vetrova Natalya , Mennanov Elmar , Ivanenko Tatyana , Gaysarova Anastasia , Mennanov Emran
Published: May 2021

The existing concepts and modern methods of ensuring the ecological safety of the coastal zone of the sea were analyzed. The article considers modern theoretical developments and methods of choosing design solutions for special structures – various coastal protection structures (permeable, impermeable, made of various building materials, various shapes). This paper suggests a new algorithm for the choice of Bank protection structures intending to ensure environmentally friendly seaside state urban recreation area from the position of the preservation or restoration of the beach zone, which affects the environmental parameters of the site, which consists of a data collection phase of the study object, the selection of natural and technical factors that affect the ecological security of seaside urban recreational areas, the definition of specialization of the coastal zone in terms of recreation attractiveness of the coast, the evaluation phase of the current dynamics of ecological safety of the beach zone of the shore as an important element of seaside recreation of the urbanized area, which affects the level of environmental security in general, stage select bank protection structures and the definition of the projected factors of ecological safety of the beach zone. To check the application of the algorithm of selection structures bridges to ensure environmentally safe condition seaside urban recreational areas allows further justify the selection of the optimal environmental engineering solutions for the protection of the Western coast of Crimea.
Mudflow hazard in the foothill and mountainous regions of Uzbekistan
Authors: Dergacheva I , Klimov S , Khamdamova G , Raximov Qudratjon , Apakhujayeva Tursunoy
Published: May 2021

The article presents the results of research work on the study of mudflows in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan and transboundary territories. The relevance of studies of mudflow phenomena is determined by the intensive development of economic and recreational development of mountain and foothill territories, which in the conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan are subject to mudflow processes that cause material damage to the objects of the national economy and are often accompanied by human casualties. About a thousand active mudflow channels have been counted in the study area, of which over 270 descend into the Fergana Valley. The most mudflow-prone regions in Uzbekistan are: Namangan - 19% of all registered mudflows, Fergana - 16%, Surkhandarya - 13%, Tashkent - 12%, Kashkadarya - 11% and Samarkand - 9%. In general, the Fergana Valley accounts for 41% of the total number of all registered mudflows. A sharp increase in mudflow activity is observed in April and May. During these months, respectively, 25% and 35% of mudflows descended. As a rule, these are mudflows that came down as a result of a large amount of precipitation. The most mudflow-prone regions in Uzbekistan are: Namangan - 19% of all registered mudflows, Fergana - 16%, Surkhandarya - 13%, Tashkent - 12%, Kashkadarya - 11% and Samarkand - 9%. In general, the Fergana Valley accounts for 41% of the total number of all registered mudflows.
Changes in the stiffness of load-bearing elements of a high-rise building and inclinometer data based on finite element analysis
Authors: Plotnikov Alexey , Ivanov Mikhail
Published: May 2021

The use of monitoring techniques during the operation of a building contributes to the study of the stress-strain state of both known and newly developed structural systems. The article discusses the effect of reducing the bending stiffness of reinforced concrete crossbars of high-rise buildings on the overall deformability, which can be monitored by changing the angles of rotation at characteristic points. For the introduction into the model of the calculation based on finite elements of the physical parameters of the stiffness of reinforced concrete bending elements, the function of the change in the shoulder of a pair of forces in the section during the opening of normal cracks is given. Empirical data on changes in the stress unevenness coefficient along the length of the reinforcing bar are used. The calculation is based on the diagrammatic method. The data on the accumulated experience of measuring the angles of rotation of a building with automatic monitoring of buildings are presented. Using the finite element method, the systems were simulated with a decrease in stiffness to 0.4 from the initial one. It is shown that it is possible to select a range of sensors - angle meters - inclinometers. It has been determined that the angle of rotation can be changed up to 1.6 times. The corresponding ranges are defined for two types of frameworks: frame and frame-braced. The nature of the change in the overall stiffness of the building frame as a result of reducing the stiffness of the crossbars is shown. Calculation models based on the finite element method determined the deformation limits of the entire frame as a whole.
Internal explosion. Pressure peaks
Authors: Gorev Vyacheslav , Chelekova Evgeniya
Published: May 2021

Internal emergency gas explosions occur at threatening intervals and cause significant destruction. The level of destruction indicates the imperfection of protection methods. Documents regulating the use of safety structures for the protection of buildings during an internal explosion are limited by the assignment of the area of openings covered by safety structures, without taking into account the properties of these structures, attachment methods and the rate of pressure increase during an explosion. The purpose of the work is to take into account as much as possible the influence of the properties of the protective structures, their attachment and the nature of the explosion on the dynamics of the explosion pressure change. The second goal is to obtain a methodology for converting the results of experimental results obtained on small volumes to determine the parameters of an explosion in conditions of large volume. The goals are achieved by the theory of dimensions and similarity using numerical modeling. The work revealed dimensionless complexes describing pressure dynamics both during opening of openings and at the moment of maximum power of energy release during explosion. Possibility of experimental scale modeling of processes of opening of safety structures is shown. In particular, it is shown that during an explosion in premises of a small volume (residential), the pressure during opening is more often critical.
Features of the construction of buildings in karst areas
Authors: Glushkov Alexey , Glushkov Vyacheslav , Glushkov Ilya
Published: May 2021

The building of the indoor swimming pool is built in unfavorable engineering and geological conditions in the presence of karst rocks in the base. The analysis of the geological and hydrogeological conditions of the site is carried out. Calculations are made for the possible manifestation of karst in the elastic-plastic formulation. Comprehensive measures have been developed to ensure the strength and stability of the building, taking into account the possible manifestation of karst.
Modeling thin-walled elements with regard to steel hardening
Authors: Korsun Natalia , Prostakishina Daria
Published: May 2021

Today in Russia 13% of buildings are built on the basis of a metal frame. To increase the energy efficiency of the industry, the use of thin-walled steel structures is one of the most technologically advanced and efficient solutions. To ensure the bearing capacity and reduce the risks of failure of buildings and structures at the design stage, it is important to correctly assess the reliability of the system, taking into account all influencing factors. The technology for the production of thin-walled profiles determines the factors that affect their stress-strain state. Uneven distribution of mechanical properties over the cross-section of the profile: hardening in the bending corners and adjacent zones leads to an increase in the strength of the metal. The article presents the results of numerical modeling of samples from thin sheet steel with and without the effect of hardening. The object of research is a thin-walled sigma profile with a section height of 300 mm, an element length of 4500 mm, operating under compression with bending. Metal hardening values are based on experimental data obtained by the authors. The stresses and displacements obtained as a result of the simulation were analyzed in four sections along the profile length: at a distance of 0.5 m, 2.3 m, 3.0 m and 4.0 m from the support. It is concluded that the supercritical work of the element without hardening of the material occurs earlier than in the element with hardening. The maximum stresses in the element without hardening exceed the stresses in the element with hardening by more than 30%. The maximum displacements in hardening are more than three times.
Analysis of the stress state of the ribbed-ring metal dome under different methods of installation
Authors: Lebed Evgeny
Published: May 2021

A computer model of the frame of a ribbed-ring metal dome of steel I-beams with a span of 30,3 m and a height of 7,5 m with rigid connections at the joints have been developed. Based on the design scheme, auxiliary models of a partially complete dome frameworks were designed to study alternative installation methods, which differ from each other in the location scheme of temporary supports with hinge joints of bar elements over them. The installation computer models utilized the three schemes of temporary supports: central support, central support and 1 circular row of intermediate supports, central support and 3 circular rows of intermediate supports. Computer calculations were performed for the design model of the dome framework and for all installation models to evaluate the impact of the self-weight of the dome on the stress state of the elements of its framework. As a result of the research, graphs and diagrams were created, which reflect the level of installation stresses in the meridional ribs in comparison with their values in the design scheme. The necessity to perform calculations of the dome frameworks during the design according to the installation conditions is noted.
Mitigating effect of embankment to adjacent pipe with CDM columns
Authors: Duc Pham Tiep , Duc Bui Nang , Trong Vu Quang , Thanh Duong Huan , Chi Phan Hieu
Published: May 2021

Pipelines are valuable infrastructures that covering a large area or expanding to long distance for the transporting function. This leads to the variety of loads and effects applied on such buried structures. A thread to pipeline integrity is the construction of the embankment on the soft soil which leads to the displacement of the pipe adjacent to the slope. This displacement will effect to the increase of internal force or causing failure of the near-by pipes. The use of concrete pile to improve the soil properties may be a solution; however, the cost for this is expensive. To propose an alternative solution for the problem, this study uses a system of cement deep mixing, CDM, columns as the solution for protecting the pipe. A simple 2D Finite Element, FE, model using Plaxis software has been established based on the equivalent soil approach which considering the CDM columns and their surrounding soil as an unified soil. The effectiveness of the proposed solution has been numerically investigated and proven. The lateral displacement of pipe and the maximum ring bending moment and other internal forces are significantly reduced with the appearance of the CDM columns. The selective parametric study has been implemented revealing the critical input variables are the distance of pipe to the slope and the length of the CDM column.
Dynamic reduction in the calculation of bridge structures
Authors: Makarov Aleksander , Kalinovsky Sergey , Ermilova Natalia
Published: May 2021

In modern bridge construction, on the one hand, there are increasing trends towards increasing bridge spans, which requires reducing the weight of structures. On the other hand, the use of structural elements made of various composite materials is expanding, which allows to significantly reduce the weight of the bridge structures as a whole. However, the creation of new forms of span structures of bridges requires more detailed calculations in order to optimize such forms, in particular the role of calculating the dynamic impact, because with increasing spans and weight loss, increases design flexibility and sensitivity to dynamic loads. In the present paper, the problems of solving an incomplete algebraic problem of eigenvalues and eigenvectors are considered. To increase the accuracy of the calculation and exclude the use of high-order matrices, a method of sequential reduction of the stiffness and equivalent mass matrices is proposed. The method is based on the construction of partial systems using a static transformation, followed by the solution of its own problem for the partial system. In the process of solving this problem through the eigenvectors of the system, the minor unknowns are reduced to the main ones. Dynamic reduction showed high calculation accuracy..
Design of circular flexible plates under of corrosion wear
Authors: Mavzovin Vladimir , Ovchinnikov Igor
Published: May 2021

The problems of optimal design of metal structures are usually formulated as the problem of finding such values of the selected parameters of structures that provide the smallest (or largest) value of the selected optimality criterion in the area of admissible design solutions. In most works on the optimization of metal structures, parametric problems are considered, limited by the preliminary assignment of a constructive form with the possibility of changing its parameters. To solve these problems, both deterministic and probabilistic optimization models can be used. A deterministic problem of optimal design of flexible round metal plates exposed to the combined action of a load and an aggressive environment causing corrosive wear of one of the plate surfaces is considered. A feature of the statement is that it takes into account the effect of the stressed state of the plates on the kinetics of their corrosive wear. Due to the insufficient efficiency of random search methods, the sequential quadratic programming technique is used. Two formulations of the optimal design problem are formulated, which are reduced to the minimax problem. 8 optimization projects were considered, their comparative analysis was carried out. It is shown that the realization of the found optimal thickness profiles leads either to a significant decrease in the stress level at the end of the plate’s service life, or to a significant increase in the service life. Calculation results show that maximum fatigue life designs are equal at end-of-life, and the maximum increase in fatigue life for hard- pinned inserts along the contour is 59%. As a result of the study, it was found that the problems of optimal design of flexible round plates under conditions of corrosive wear (the rate of which depends on the level of stresses in the plates), presented in the form of a minimax problem, can be effectively solved using the sequential quadratic programming technique, and the study of time evolution is intense -strain state can be carried out using a combination of the mesh method and the Adams method. Realization of the found optimal thickness profiles leads either to a significant decrease in the stress level at the end of the plate’s service life, or to a significant increase in the service life.
Groundwater Level Analyse In Urgench City With Using Modflow Modeling And Forecasting System
Authors: Arifjanov Aybek , Samiev Luqmon , Yusupov Shodiyor , Khusanova Djamila , Abdulkhaev Zokhidjon , Tadjiboyev Suhrob
Published: May 2021

The study was conducted as part of a project to develop an automation system for monitoring groundwater in the city of Urgench. The possibilities of modeling and forecasting modeling MODFLOW in groundwater were studied. According to the results, regularities of the level and behavior of groundwater in the city of Urgench were revealed. According to the survey, the direction of movement of groundwater in the city of Urgench shifts in a northwesterly direction to a slope of 0.0008. According to the geophilized model, its high-traffic zone is located at a depth of 10-15 m, from 4-5 m per second.
Development of engineering calculator for heating systems
Authors: Melekhin Andrei
Published: May 2021

The author has developed an engineering calculator for calculating the heat flow for heating buildings according to the enlarged parameters of the object. The algorithm of the calculator is based on the method of determining the amount of heat energy and heat carrier in water systems of municipal heat supply. The author carried out a systematic analysis of thermal loads on heating of buildings in Russia according to the data of implemented building projects. With this in mind, new coefficients a, n were calculated to determine the specific heating characteristics of the building for newly constructed buildings. The algorithm for calculating the heating of buildings according to the enlarged parameters of the object is corrected. The calculation algorithm is implemented in the software