bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Pore-Scale Geometry and Wettability on Two-Phase Relative Permeabilities within Elementary Cells
Authors: Bianchi Janetti Emanuela , Riva Monica , Guadagnini Alberto
Published: April 2017

We study the relative role of the complex pore space geometry and wettability of the solid matrix on the quantification of relative permeabilities of elementary cells of porous media. These constitute a key element upon which upscaling frameworks are typically grounded. In our study we focus on state immiscible two-phase flow taking place at the scale of elementary cells. Pressure-driven two-phase flow following simultaneous co-current injection of water and oil is numerically solved for a suite of regular and stochastically generated two-dimensional explicit elementary cells with fixed porosity and sharing main topological/morphological features. We show that the relative permeabilities of the randomly generated elementary cells are significantly influenced by the formation of preferential percolation paths, called principal pathways, giving rise to a strongly nonuniform distribution of fluid fluxes. These pathways are a result of the spatially variable resistance that the random pore structures exert on the fluid. The overall effect on relative permeabilities of the diverse organization of principal pathways, as driven by a given random realization at the scale of the elementary cell, is significantly larger than that of the wettability of the host rock. In contrast to what can be observed for the random cells analyzed, the relative permeabilities of regular cells display a clear trend with contact angle at the investigated scale.
Open Surface Water Mapping Algorithms: A Comparison of Water-Related Spectral Indices and Sensors
Authors: Zhou Yan , Dong Jinwei , Xiao Xiangming , Xiao Tong , Yang Zhiqi , Zhao Guosong , Zou Zhenhua , Qin Yuanwei
Published: April 2017

Open surface water bodies play an important role in agricultural and industrial production, and are susceptible to climate change and human activities. Remote sensing data has been increasingly used to map open surface water bodies at local, regional, and global scales. In addition to image statistics-based supervised and unsupervised classifiers, spectral index- and threshold-based approaches have also been widely used. Many water indices have been proposed to identify surface water bodies; however, the differences in performances of these water indices as well as different sensors on water body mapping are not well documented. In this study, we reviewed and compared existing open surface water body mapping approaches based on six widely-used water indices, including the tasseled cap wetness index (TCW), normalized difference water index (NDWI), modified normalized difference water index (mNDWI), sum of near infrared and two shortwave infrared bands (Sum457), automated water extraction index (AWEI), land surface water index (LSWI), as well as three medium resolution sensors (Landsat 7 ETM+, Landsat 8 OLI, and Sentinel-2 MSI). A case region in the Poyang Lake Basin, China, was selected to examine the accuracies of the open surface water body maps from the 27 combinations of different algorithms and sensors. The results showed that generally all the algorithms had reasonably high accuracies with Kappa Coefficients ranging from 0.77 to 0.92. The NDWI-based algorithms performed slightly better than the algorithms based on other water indices in the study area, which could be related to the pure water body dominance in the region, while the sensitivities of water indices could differ for various water body conditions. The resultant maps from Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 data had higher overall accuracies than those from Landsat 7. Specifically, all three sensors had similar producer accuracies while Landsat 7 based results had a lower user accuracy. This study demonstrates the improved performance in Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 for open surface water body mapping efforts.
Least Squares Support Vector Machine for Ranking Solutions of Multi-Objective Water Resources Allocation Optimization Models
Authors: Liu Weilin , Liu Lina , Tong Fang
Published: April 2017

There is an increasing trend in the use of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) to solve multi-objective optimization problems of the allocation of water resources. However, typically the outcome is a set of Pareto optimal solutions which make up a trade-off surface between the objective functions. For decision makers to choose a satisfactory alternative from a set of Pareto-optimal solutions, this paper suggests a new method based on least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) and k-means clustering for ranking the optimal solutions for the multi-objective allocation of water resources. First, the k-means clustering method was adopted to reduce the large set of solutions to a few representative solutions. Then, to capture and represent the decision maker's preferences as well as to select the most desirable alternative, the LSSVM method was applied to obtain the utility value for each representative solution. According to the magnitude of the utility values, the final priority orders of the representative solutions were determined. Finally, this methodology was applied to rank the Pareto optimal solution set obtained from the multi-objective optimization problems of water resources allocation for the water-receiving areas of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project in Hebei Province, China. Moreover, the comparisons of the proposed method with the information entropy method and the artificial neural network (ANN) model were given. The results of the comparison indicate that the proposed method has the ability to rank the non-dominated solutions of the multi-objective operation optimization model and that it can be employed for decision-making on water allocation and management in a river basin.
Optimal Stellar Photometry for Multi-conjugate Adaptive Optics Systems Using Science-based Metrics
Authors: Turri P. , McConnachie A. W. , Stetson P. B. , Fiorentino G. , Andersen D. R. , Bono G. , Massari D. , Véran J.-P.
Published: April 2017

We present a detailed discussion of how to obtain precise stellar photometry in crowded fields using images from multi-conjugate adaptive optics (MCAO) systems, with the intent of informing the scientific development of this key technology for the Extremely Large Telescopes. We use deep J and K
s exposures of NGC 1851 taken with the Gemini Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics System (GeMS) on Gemini South to quantify the performance of the instrument and to develop an optimal strategy for stellar photometry using point-spread function (PSF)-fitting techniques. We judge the success of the various methods we employ by using science-based metrics, particularly the width of the main sequence turnoff region. We also compare the GeMS photometry with the exquisite HST data in the visible of the same target. We show that the PSF produced by GeMS possesses significant spatial and temporal variability that must be accounted for during the analysis. We show that the majority of the variation of the PSF occurs within the “control radius” of the MCAO system and that the best photometry is obtained when the PSF radius is chosen to closely match this spatial scale. We identify photometric calibration as a critical issue for next-generation MCAO systems such as those on the Thirty Meter Telescope and European Extremely Large Telescope. Our final CMDs reach K
s ∼ 22—below the main sequence knee—making it one of the deepest for a globular cluster available from the ground. Theoretical isochrones are in remarkable agreement with the stellar locus in our data from below the main sequence knee to the upper red giant branch.
Testing PSF Interpolation in Weak Lensing with Real Data
Authors: Lu Tianhuan , Zhang Jun , Dong Fuyu , Li Yingke , Liu Dezi , Fu Liping , Li Guoliang , Fan Zuhui
Published: April 2017

Reconstruction of the point-spread function (PSF) is a critical process in weak lensing measurement. We develop a real-data based and galaxy-oriented pipeline to compare the performances of various PSF reconstruction schemes. Making use of a large amount of the CFHTLenS data, the performances of three classes of interpolating schemes—polynomial, Kriging, and Shepard—are evaluated. We find that polynomial interpolations with optimal orders and domains perform the best. We quantify the effect of the residual PSF reconstruction error on shear recovery in terms of the multiplicative and additive biases, and their spatial correlations using the shear measurement method of Zhang et al. We find that the impact of PSF reconstruction uncertainty on the shear–shear correlation can be significantly reduced by cross correlating the shear estimators from different exposures. It takes only 0.2 stars (S/N ≳ 100) per square arcmin on each exposure to reach the best performance of PSF interpolation, a requirement that is satisfied in most of the CFHTlenS data.
Sub-photospheric Shocks in Relativistic Explosions
Authors: Beloborodov Andrei M.
Published: April 2017

This paper examines the mechanism of internal shocks in opaque relativistic outflows, in particular in cosmological gamma-ray bursts. The shocks produce neutrino emission and affect the observed photospheric radiation from the explosion. They develop from internal compressive waves and can be of different types depending on the composition of the outflow. (1) Shocks in “photon gas,” with negligible plasma inertia, have a unique structure determined by the force-free condition—zero radiation flux in the plasma rest frame. Radiation dominance over plasma inertia suppresses the formation of collisionless shocks mediated by collective electromagnetic fields. (2) If the outflow is sufficiently magnetized, a strong collisionless subshock develops, which is embedded in a thicker radiation-mediated structure. (3) Waves in outflows with a free neutron component lead to dissipation through nuclear collisions. At large optical depths, shocks have a thickness comparable to the neutron free path, with embedded radiation-mediated and collisionless subshocks. The paper also presents first-principles simulations of magnetized flows filled with photons, demonstrating the formation of shocks and their structure. Simple estimates show that magnetized sub-photospheric shocks are efficient producers of photons and have a great impact on the observed photospheric radiation. The shock structure changes as the outflow expands toward its photosphere. The dissipation is accompanied by strong

pair creation, and the

-dressed shock carries the photosphere with it up to two decades in radius, emitting a strong pulse of nonthermal radiation.
Reconstruction of Galaxy Star Formation Histories through SED Fitting:The Dense Basis Approach
Authors: Iyer Kartheik , Gawiser Eric
Published: April 2017

We introduce the dense basis method for Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) fitting. It accurately recovers traditional SED parameters, including M
*, SFR, and dust attenuation, and reveals previously inaccessible information about the number and duration of star formation episodes and the timing of stellar mass assembly, as well as uncertainties in these quantities. This is done using basis star formation histories (SFHs) chosen by comparing the goodness-of-fit of mock galaxy SEDs to the goodness-of-reconstruction of their SFHs. We train and validate the method using a sample of realistic SFHs at z = 1 drawn from stochastic realizations, semi-analytic models, and a cosmological hydrodynamical galaxy formation simulation. The method is then applied to a sample of 1100 CANDELS GOODS-S galaxies at

to illustrate its capabilities at moderate S/N with 15 photometric bands. Of the six parametrizations of SFHs considered, we adopt linear-exponential, bessel-exponential, log-normal, and Gaussian SFHs, and reject the traditional parametrizations of constant (Top-Hat) and exponential SFHs. We quantify the bias and scatter of each parametrization. 15% of galaxies in our CANDELS sample exhibit multiple episodes of star formation, with this fraction decreasing above

. About 40% of the CANDELS galaxies have SFHs whose maximum occurs at or near the epoch of observation. The dense basis method is scalable and offers a general approach to a broad class of data-science problems.
OmegaWINGS: The First Complete Census of Post-starburst Galaxies in Clusters in the Local Universe
Authors: Paccagnella A. , Vulcani B. , Poggianti B. M. , Fritz J. , Fasano G. , Moretti A. , Jaffé Yara L. , Biviano A. , Gullieuszik M. , Bettoni D. , Cava A. , Couch W. , D’Onofrio M.
Published: April 2017

Galaxies that abruptly interrupt their star formation in

present recognizable features in their spectra (no emission and Hδ in absorption) and are called post-starburst (PSB) galaxies. By studying their stellar population properties and their location within the clusters, we obtain valuable insights on the physical processes responsible for star formation quenching. We present the first complete characterization of PSB galaxies in clusters at

, based on WINGS and OmegaWINGS data, and contrast their properties to those of passive (PAS) and emission-line (EML) galaxies. For

, PSBs represent 7.2 ± 0.2% of cluster galaxies within 1.2 virial radii. Their incidence slightly increases from the outskirts toward the cluster center and from the least toward the most luminous and massive clusters, defined in terms of X-ray luminosity and velocity dispersion. The phase-space analysis and velocity-dispersion profile suggest that PSBs represent a combination of galaxies with different accretion histories. Moreover, PSBs with the strongest Hδ are consistent with being recently accreted. PSBs have stellar masses, magnitudes, colors, and morphologies intermediate between PAS and EML galaxies, typical of a population in transition from being star-forming to passive. Comparing the fraction of PSBs to the fraction of galaxies in transition on longer timescales, we estimate that the short-timescale star formation quenching channel contributes two times more than the long timescale one to the growth of the passive population. Processes like ram-pressure stripping and galaxy–galaxy interactions are more efficient than strangulation in affecting star formation.
UV/Optical Emission from the Expanding Envelopes of Type II Supernovae
Authors: Sapir Nir , Waxman Eli
Published: April 2017

The early part of a supernova (SN) light curve is dominated by radiation escaping from the expanding shock-heated progenitor envelope. For polytropic hydrogen envelopes, the properties of the emitted radiation are described by simple analytic expressions and are nearly independent of the polytropic index, n. This analytic description holds at early time, t < few days, during which radiation escapes from shells that are initially lying near the stellar surface. We use numerical solutions to address two issues. First, we show that the analytic description holds at early time also for nonpolytropic density profiles. Second, we extend the solutions to later times, when the emission emerges from deep within the envelope and depends on the progenitor’s density profile. Examining the late time behavior of the polytropic envelopes with a wide range of core to envelope mass and radius ratios, 0.1 ≤ M
c/M
env ≤ 10 and 10−3 ≤ R
c/R ≤ 10−1, we find that the effective temperature is well described by the analytic solution also at late time, while the luminosity, L, is suppressed by a factor, which may be approximated to be better than a 20 [30]% accuracy up to t = t
tr/a by

with t
tr = 13 (M
env/M
⊙)3/4(M/M
env)1/4(E/1051erg)−1/4 days, M = M
c + M
env, A = 0.9[0.8], a = 1.7[4.6], and α = 0.8[0.7] for n = 3/2[3]. This description holds as long as the opacity is approximately that of a fully ionized gas, i.e., for T > 0.7 eV, t < 14(R/1013.5cm)0.55 days. The suppression of L at t
tr/a that is obtained for standard polytropic envelopes may account for the first optical peak of double-peaked SN light curves, with the first peak at a few days for M
env < 1 M
⊙.
Interaction of Two Active Region Filaments Observed by NVST and SDO
Authors: Yang Liheng , Yan Xiaoli , Li Ting , Xue Zhike , Xiang Yongyuan
Published: April 2017

Using high spatial and temporal resolution Hα data from the New Vacuum Solar Telescope (NVST) and simultaneous observations from the Solar Dynamics Observatory, we present the rare event of the interaction between two filaments (F1 and F2) in AR 11967 on 2014 January 31. The adjacent two filaments were almost perpendicular to each other. Their interaction was driven by the movement of F1 and started when the two filaments collided with each other. During the interaction, the threads of F1 continuously slipped from the northeast to the southwest, and were accompanied by the brightenings at the junction of two filaments and the northeast footpoint of F2. Part of F1 and the main body of F2 became invisible in Hα wavelength due to the heating and the motion of F2. At the same time, bright material initiated from the junction of two filaments were observed to move along F1. The magnetic connectivities of F1 were found to be changed after their interaction. These observations suggest that magnetic reconnection was involved in the interaction of two filaments and resulted in the eruption of one filament.
Early Science with the Large Millimeter Telescope: Detection of Dust Emission in Multiple Images of a Normal Galaxy at z > 4 Lensed by a Frontier Fields Cluster
Authors: Pope Alexandra , Montaña Alfredo , Battisti Andrew , Limousin Marceau , Marchesini Danilo , Wilson Grant W. , Alberts Stacey , Aretxaga Itziar , Avila-Reese Vladimir , Bermejo-Climent José Ramón , Brammer Gabriel , Bravo-Alfaro Hector , Calzetti Daniela , Chary Ranga-Ram , Cybulski Ryan , Giavalisco Mauro , Hughes David , Kado-Fong Erin , Keller Erica , Kirkpatrick Allison , Labbe Ivo , Lange-Vagle Daniel , Lowenthal James , Murphy Eric , Oesch Pascal , Gonzalez Daniel Rosa , Sánchez-Argüelles David , Shipley Heath , Stefanon Mauro , Vega Olga , Whitaker Katherine , Williams Christina C. , Yun Min , Zavala Jorge A. , Zeballos Milagros
Published: April 2017

We directly detect dust emission in an optically detected, multiply imaged galaxy lensed by the Frontier Fields cluster MACSJ0717.5+3745. We detect two images of the same galaxy at 1.1 mm with the AzTEC camera on the Large Millimeter Telescope leaving no ambiguity in the counterpart identification. This galaxy, MACS0717_Az9, is at z > 4 and the strong lensing model (μ = 7.5) allows us to calculate an intrinsic IR luminosity of 9.7 × 1010
L
⊙ and an obscured star formation rate of 14.6 ± 4.5 M
⊙ yr−1. The unobscured star formation rate from the UV is only 4.1 ± 0.3 M
⊙ yr−1, which means the total star formation rate (18.7 ± 4.5 M
⊙ yr−1) is dominated (75%–80%) by the obscured component. With an intrinsic stellar mass of only 6.9 × 109
M
⊙, MACS0717_Az9 is one of only a handful of z > 4 galaxies at these lower masses that is detected in dust emission. This galaxy lies close to the estimated star formation sequence at this epoch. However, it does not lie on the dust obscuration relation (IRX-β) for local starburst galaxies and is instead consistent with the Small Magellanic Cloud attenuation law. This remarkable lower mass galaxy, showing signs of both low metallicity and high dust content, may challenge our picture of dust production in the early universe.
ALMA Mapping of Rapid Gas and Dust Variations in Comet C/2012 S1 (ISON):New Insights into the Origin of Cometary HNC
Authors: Cordiner M. A. , Boissier J. , Charnley S. B. , Remijan A. J. , Mumma M. J. , Villanueva G. , Lis D. C. , Milam S. N. , Paganini L. , Crovisier J. , Bockelee-Morvan D. , Kuan Y.-J. , Biver N. , Coulson I. M.
Published: April 2017

Observations of the sungrazing comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) were carried out using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array at a heliocentric distance of 0.58–0.54 au (pre-perihelion) on 2013 November 16–17. Temporally resolved measurements of the coma distributions of HNC, CH3OH, H2CO, and dust were obtained over the course of about an hour on each day. During the period UT 10:10–11:00 on November 16, the comet displayed a remarkable drop in activity, manifested as a >42% decline in the molecular line and continuum fluxes. The H2CO observations are consistent with an abrupt, ≈50% reduction in the cometary gas production rate soon after the start of our observations. On November 17, the total observed fluxes remained relatively constant during a similar period, but strong variations in the morphology of the HNC distribution were detected as a function of time, indicative of a clumpy, intermittent outflow for this species. Our observations suggest that at least part of the detected HNC originated from degradation of nitrogen-rich organic refractory material, released intermittently from confined regions of the nucleus. By contrast, the distributions of CH3OH and H2CO during the November 17 observations were relatively uniform, consistent with isotropic outflow and stable activity levels for these species. These results highlight a large degree of variability in the production of gas and dust from comet ISON during its pre-perihelion outburst, consistent with repeated disruption of the nucleus interspersed with periods of relative quiescence.
The Physical Constraints on a New LoBAL QSO at z = 4.82
Authors: Yi Weimin , Green Richard , Bai Jin-Ming , Wang Tinggui , Grier Catherine J. , Trump Jonathan R. , Brandt William N. , Zuo Wenwen , Yang Jinyi , Wang Feige , Yang Chenwei , Wu Xue-Bing , Zhou Hongyan , Fan Xiaohui , Jiang Linhua , Yang Qian , Varricatt Watson , Kerr Tom , Milne Peter , Benigni Sam , Wang Jian-Guo , Zhang Jujia , Wang Fang , Wang Chuan-Jun , Xin Yu-Xin , Fan Yu-Feng , Chang Liang , Zhang Xiliang , Lun Bao-Li
Published: April 2017

Very few low-ionization broad absorption line (LoBAL) QSOs have been found at high redshifts, to date. One high-redshift LoBAL QSO, J0122+1216, was recently discovered by the Lijiang 2.4 m Telescope, with an initial redshift determination of 4.76. Aiming to investigate its physical properties, we carried out follow-up observations in the optical and near-IR spectroscopy. Near-IR spectra from UKIRT and P200 confirm that it is a LoBAL, with a new redshift determination of 4.82 ± 0.01 based on the Mg ii emission-line. The new Mg ii redshift determination reveals strong blueshifts and asymmetry of the high-ionization emission lines. We estimate a black hole mass of ∼2.3 × 109
M
⊙ and Eddington ratio of ∼1.0 according to the empirical Mg ii-based single-epoch relation and bolometric correction factor. It is possible that strong outflows are the result of an extreme quasar environment driven by the high Eddington ratio. A lower limit on the outflowing kinetic power (>0.9% L
Edd) is derived from both emission and absorption lines, indicating that these outflows play a significant role in the feedback process that regulates the growth of its black hole, as well as host galaxy evolution.
Triggering Process of the X1.0 Three-ribbon Flare in the Great Active Region NOAA 12192
Authors: Bamba Yumi , Inoue Satoshi , Kusano Kanya , Shiota Daikou
Published: April 2017

The solar magnetic field in a flare-producing active region (AR) is much more complicated than theoretical models, which assume a very simple magnetic field structure. The X1.0 flare, which occurred in AR 12192 on 2014 October 25, showed a complicated three-ribbon structure. To clarify the trigger process of the flare and to evaluate the applicability of a simple theoretical model, we analyzed the data from Hinode/Solar Optical Telescope and the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager, Atmospheric Imaging Assembly. We investigated the spatio-temporal correlation between the magnetic field structures, especially the non-potentiality of the horizontal field, and the bright structures in the solar atmosphere. As a result, we determined that the western side of the positive polarity, which is intruding on a negative polarity region, is the location where the flare was triggered. This is due to the fact that the sign of the magnetic shear in that region was opposite that of the major shear of the AR, and the significant brightenings were observed over the polarity inversion line (PIL) in that region before flare onset. These features are consistent with the recently proposed flare-trigger model that suggests that small reversed shear (RS) magnetic disturbances can trigger solar flares. Moreover, we found that the RS field was located slightly off the flaring PIL, contrary to the theoretical prediction. We discuss the possibility of an extension of the RS model based on an extra numerical simulation. Our result suggests that the RS field has a certain flexibility for displacement from a highly sheared PIL, and that the RS field triggers more flares than we expected.
What Can We Learn about GRB from the Variability Timescale Related Correlations?
Authors: Xie Wei , Lei Wei-Hua , Wang Ding-Xiong
Published: April 2017

Recently, two empirical correlations related to the minimum variability timescale (MTS) of the light curves are discovered in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). One is the anti-correlation between MTS and Lorentz factor Γ, and the other is the anti-correlation between the MTS and gamma-ray luminosity L

γ
. Both of the two correlations might be used to explore the activity of the central engine of GRBs. In this paper, we try to understand these empirical correlations by combining two popular black hole central engine models (namely, the Blandford & Znajek mechanism (BZ) and the neutrino-dominated accretion flow (NDAF)). By taking the MTS as the timescale of viscous instability of the NDAF, we find that these correlations favor the scenario in which the jet is driven by the BZ mechanism.
H i, CO, and Dust in the Perseus Cloud
Authors: Okamoto Ryuji , Yamamoto Hiroaki , Tachihara Kengo , Hayakawa Takahiro , Hayashi Katsuhiro , Fukui Yasuo
Published: April 2017

Comparison analyses between the gas emission data (

line and

line) and the Planck/IRAS dust emission data (optical depth at

and dust temperature

) allow us to estimate the amount and distribution of the hydrogen gas more accurately, and our previous studies revealed the existence of a large amount of optically thick

gas in the solar neighborhood. Referring to this, we discuss the neutral hydrogen gas around the Perseus cloud in the present paper. By using the J-band extinction data, we found that

increases as a function of the 1.3th power of column number density of the total hydrogen (

), and this implies dust evolution in high density regions. This calibrated

relationship shows that the amount of the

gas can be underestimated to be

if the optically thin

method is used. Based on this relationship, we calculated the optical depth of the

line (

) and found that

around the molecular cloud. The effect of

is still significant, even if we take into account the dust evolution. We also estimated a spatial distribution of the

-to-

conversion factor (

), and we found its average value is

. Although these results are inconsistent with some previous studies, these discrepancies can be well explained by the difference of the data and analyses methods.
Multi-viewpoint Coronal Mass Ejection Catalog Based on STEREO COR2 Observations
Authors: Vourlidas Angelos , Balmaceda Laura A. , Stenborg Guillermo , Lago Alisson Dal
Published: April 2017

We present the first multi-viewpoint coronal mass ejection (CME) catalog. The events are identified visually in simultaneous total brightness observations from the twin SECCHI/COR2 coronagraphs on board the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory mission. The Multi-View CME Catalog differs from past catalogs in three key aspects: (1) all events between the two viewpoints are cross-linked, (2) each event is assigned a physics-motivated morphological classification (e.g., jet, wave, and flux rope), and (3) kinematic and geometric information is extracted semi-automatically via a supervised image segmentation algorithm. The database extends from the beginning of the COR2 synoptic program (2007 March) to the end of dual-viewpoint observations (2014 September). It contains 4473 unique events with 3358 events identified in both COR2s. Kinematic properties exist currently for 1747 events (26% of COR2-A events and 17% of COR2-B events). We examine several issues, made possible by this cross-linked CME database, including the role of projection on the perceived morphology of events, the missing CME rate, the existence of cool material in CMEs, the solar cycle dependence on CME rate, speeds and width, and the existence of flux rope within CMEs. We discuss the implications for past single-viewpoint studies and for Space Weather research. The database is publicly available on the web including all available measurements. We hope that it will become a useful resource for the community.
The Study of Spherical Cores with a Toroidal Magnetic Field Configuration
Authors: Gholipour Mahmoud
Published: April 2017

Observational studies of the magnetic fields in molecular clouds have significantly improved the theoretical models developed for the structure and evolution of dense clouds and for the star formation process as well. The recent observational analyses on some cores indicate that there is a power-law relationship between magnetic field and density in the molecular clouds. In this study, we consider the stability of spherical cores with a toroidal magnetic field configuration in the molecular clouds. For this purpose, we model a spherical core that is in magnetostatic equilibrium. Herein, we propose an equation of density structure, which is a modified form of the isothermal Lane–Emden equation in the presence of the toroidal magnetic field. The proposed equation describes the effect of the toroidal magnetic field on the cloud structure and the mass cloud. Furthermore, we found an upper limit for this configuration of magnetic field in the molecular clouds. Then, the virial theorem is used to consider the cloud evolution leading to an equation in order to obtain the lower limit of the field strength in the molecular cloud. However, the results show that the field strength of the toroidal configuration has an important effect on the cloud structure, whose upper limit is related to the central density and field gradient. The obtained results address some regions of clouds where the cloud decomposition or star formation can be seen.
Constraining C iii] Emission in a Sample of Five Luminous z = 5.7 Galaxies
Authors: Ding Jiani , Cai Zheng , Fan Xiaohui , P. Stark Daniel , Bian Fuyan , Jiang Linhua , D. McGreer Ian , E. Robertson Brant , Siana Brian
Published: April 2017

Recent observations have suggested that the C iii]

emission lines could be alternative diagnostic lines for galaxies in the reionization epoch. We use the F128N narrowband filter on the Hubble Space Telescope’s (HST) Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) to search for C iii] emission in a sample of five galaxies at z = 5.7 in the Subaru Deep Field and the Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Field. Using the F128N narrowband imaging, together with the broadband imaging, we do not detect C iii] emission for the five galaxies with

ranging from 24.10 to 27.00 in our sample. For the brightest galaxy J132416.13+274411.6 in our sample (z = 5.70,

), which has a significantly higher signal to noise, we report a C iii] flux of

, which places a stringent 3σ upper limit of

on C iii] flux and 6.57 Å on the C iii] equivalent width. Using the stacked image, we put a 3σ upper limit on the mean C iii] flux of

and a 3σ upper limit on the mean C iii] equivalent width of 4.20 Å for this sample of galaxies at z = 5.70. Combined with strong C iii] detection reported among high-z galaxies in the literature, our observations suggest that the equivalent widths of C iii] from galaxies at z > 5.70 exhibit a wide range of distribution. Our strong limits on C iii] emission could be used as a guide for future observations in the reionization epoch.
“Jogo da velha mendeliano”: uma atividade lúdica para o ensino de Genética
Authors: Bertocchi Natasha Avila , Degrandi Tiago Marafiga , De Oliveira Thays Duarte , Pinto Jaqueline Miranda , Gunski Ricardo José , Garnero Analía Del Valle
Published: April 2017

O ensino de Genética é um desafio por tratar de mecanismos hereditários complexos que envolvem diversos conceitos como alelos dominantes e recessivos, fenótipo e genótipo, se fazendo necessária abstração para compreendê-los. Assim sendo, as dificuldades encontram-se não só na compreensão dos próprios conceitos, mas também para os professores na criação de esquemas e representações didáticas a fim de ilustrar esta temática. Essa dificuldade que tange tanto alunos como professores foi observada tanto na educação básica como no nível superior. Por isso, este trabalho tem o objetivo desenvolver um modelo didático que ilustra a diferenciação das proporções fenotípicas e genotípicas da primeira e segunda lei de Mendel.
Discussão de tópicos de Matemática Básica nos espaços sociais da Web 2.0: desafios e possibilidades a partir da análise de uma intervenção pedagógica
Authors: Schwertl Simone Leal , Leonel Andre Ary
Published: April 2017

O presente artigo visa à análise de uma interpretação pedagógica centrada no apoio de espaços sociais da Web 2.0 para discussões de tópicos de Matemática Básica. Inicialmente apresentam-se os espaços sociais da Web 2.0 como ambiente de possibilidades com vistas ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem para, na sequência, descreverem-se os objetivos e o caminho delineado para a inserção dos espaços sociais virtuais junto à disciplina Módulos de Matemática Básica, ministrada na primeira fase dos cursos de engenharia da Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB). Por último, são apresentados os resultados da intervenção pedagógica, os quais proveram um conjunto de dados que subsidiaram a análise em questão, a fim de sinalizar indicativos para a promoção de inovações pedagógicas. No que concerne às mediações pedagógicas e à colaboração entre os estudantes e o professor, foram identificados desafios que perpassam por transformações na relação professor-aluno historicamente construída e marcada pela questão hierárquica.
Estudo de viabilidade do Curso Técnico em Agrimensura da UTFPR
Authors: Lins Douglas Renosto , Batistella Danielli
Published: April 2017

O presente estudo analisa a viabilidade do curso Técnico em Agrimensura da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), câmpus Pato Branco. Neste trabalho levantou-se o perfil dos egressos, as mesorregiões que possuem concentração ou carência de técnicos e engenheiros, além da quantidade de cursos técnicos e superiores da área ofertados na região Sul do Brasil. A partir desses dados, foi realizada uma comparação da proporção de técnicos e engenheiros existentes no Sul com os de países europeus, como Alemanha e Hungria.  O resultado dessa análise demonstrou que o curso técnico é viável, principalmente para atender demandas de trabalho, como o georreferenciamento de imóveis rurais, e permitiu também, diante da necessidade de profissionais, recomendar a criação de novos cursos técnico e superior de Agrimensura no Paraná e somente curso técnico no Rio Grande do Sul.
Estudo de áreas em levantamento planimétrico por caminhamento e irradiação em teodolito digital e analógico
Authors: Silva Santos Danyell Gomes , Rodrigues Marcos Vinícios , Da Costa Alves Jeimisson Aron , Moraes Vitor Hugo , Guimarães Cardoso Gabriel Greco
Published: April 2017

O homem sempre necessitou conhecer o meio em que vive, por questões de sobrevivência, orientação, segurança, guerras,  navegação, construção, etc. No princípio a representação do espaço baseava-se na observação e descrição do meio. Cabe salientar que alguns historiadores dizem que o homem já fazia mapas antes mesmo de desenvolver a escrita. Com o tempo surgiram técnicas e  equipamentos de medição que facilitaram a obtenção de dados para posterior representação. O objetivo deste trabalho é proceder a determinação de uma área definida utilizando diferentes métodos de levantamento topográfico planimétrico e instrumentos. Para o levantamento desta poligonal foram utilizados instrumentos como: trenas de fibra de vidro,  utilizando métodos geométricos para determinação da área; o levantamento por caminhamento usando teodolito digital e analógico, processando os dados de distância obtidos com estadimetria; e o levantamento por irradiação utilizando também teodolito digital e analógico, procedendo leituras estadimétricas. Os dados do levantamento foram procesados no Programa Microsoft Excel®. Verificou-se que todos os métodos de levantamento topográfico planimétrico, seja por irradiação e caminhamento, foram eficientes na determinação da área aproximada da poligonal implantada, com diferença mínima significativa entre os tipos de instrumentos no levantamento da área 2. O menor erro médio levantado se deu com o instrumento analógico na área 2 (0,6%) , enquanto que o maior erro se deu com o instrumento digital na área 2 (2,06%). O coeficiente de variação foi maior no instrumento digital na área 1 (1,41%) e menor na área 2 com o instrumento analógico (0,37%).
Fundamentos e aspectos computacionais para posicionamento computacionais para posicionamento por ponto GPS
Authors: Vani Bruno César , Monico João Francisco Galera , Shimabukuro Milton Hirokazu
Published: April 2017

Este artigo descreve alguns aspectos teóricos e computacionais envolvidos na implementação de um aplicativo para Posicionamento por Ponto Simples (PPS) com dados GPS. São utilizadas efemérides transmitidas, Modelo de Klobuchar para atenuação dos efeitos da ionosfera, Modelo de Hopfield para atenuação dos efeitos da troposfera e ajustamento pelo método dos mínimos quadrados. O objetivo é proporcionar ao leitor o embasamento teórico e os aspectos práticos acerca dos procedimentos para obtenção de coordenadas terrestres a partir das observações de pseudodistância advindas dos satélites de navegação GPS. Um exemplo similar consta em Monico (2008). No presente artigo, uma abordagem semelhante é apresentada, mas recorrendo-se aos citados modelos para atenuação dos efeitos da ionosfera e da troposfera. São utilizados dados recentes de uma estação da Rede Brasileira de Monitoramento Contínuo (RBMC) para demonstração de um exemplo prático. Vários detalhes acerca dos procedimentos envolvidos são apresentados. Desta forma, o leitor interessado poderá repeti-los, inclusive recorrendo-se a efemérides precisas e demais modelos para a realização de Posicionamento por Ponto Preciso (PPP).
Análise do efeito corona gerado por redes elétricas de alta tensão sobre o posicionamento relativo com GNSS
Authors: Hillebrand Fernando Luis , Dal' Forno Gelson Lauro
Published: April 2017

O propósito deste trabalho foi investigar a possibilidade de ocorrer erros no posicionamento devido ao multicaminhamento oriundo do efeito corona, gerado em linhas elétricas de alta tensão, na recepção de sinais GNSS. Foram realizados experimentos nas proximidades de uma rede elétrica com tensão de 69 kV onde implantou-se uma série de onze pontos transversais ao alinhamento longitudinal da linha de transmissão e realizadas avaliações da interferência no posicionamento pelo método relativo estático com receptor GNSS de dupla frequência. Para avaliar a interferência na estimativa das coordenadas dos pontos foi necessário obter as coordenadas geodésicas desses pontos sem possibilidades de multicaminhamento pelo efeito corona. Para isto, implantou-se uma poligonal topográfica enquadrada cujas estações de apoio estão 130 m distantes da linha de transmissão. Realizadas as análises estatísticas concluiu-se que para os métodos de levantamento e os equipamentos geodésicos utilizados neste experimento, em uma linha de transmissão de 69 kV, as discrepâncias constatadas ficaram dentro do desvio-padrão.
Sistema semi-automatizado para monitoramento topográfico
Authors: Abati Miranda Fabiani Das Dores , Veiga Luis Augusto Koenig
Published: April 2017

Deslizamentos de terras, colapsos de estruturas e até mesmo verificações de rotina, fazem com que o monitoramento de deslocamentos esteja constantemente presente em numerosos trabalhos de engenharia e pesquisas. Na área de pesquisa, os trabalhos são voltados à investigação de novas metodologias que associadas ao uso de equipamentos mais robustos e avançados, a uniformização e integração de dados, além da automação de diferentes etapas envolvidas, possibilitam soluções rápidas e eficientes, associando clareza e precisão à detecção e interpretação de resultados em um processo de monitoramento. Assim, neste contexto, desenvolveu-se um sistema semi-automatizado com apoio de estações totais, cujo objetivo é dar suporte ao monitoramento topográfico no que concerne à análise de objetos que sofrem deslocamentos, sendo que os cálculos e análise são realizados em tempo real. Para tanto, foram implementadas rotinas para a coleta, processamento, análise e representação gráfica dos dados. Optou-se pelo Método de Recessão no que se refere aos pontos de controle e pelo Método de Irradiação para a coleta dos pontos objeto. Experimentos de validação do sistema foram realizados e o mesmo apresentou-se viável para a utilização no monitoramento topográfico, possibilitando a repetibilidade e a série temporal dos pontos.
Geometric quality assessment of CBERS-4 MUXCAM image
Authors: Statella Thiago
Published: April 2017

In December 2014, Brazil and China successfully launched the CBERS-4 satellite, the fourth generation of CBERS satellites. In the payload module, the satellite carries the MUXCAM, a 20 m/pixel spatial resolution multispectral camera. The MUXCAM was built by Brazil and it is an improvement of the CCD camera on board CBERS-1, 2 and 2B satellites. In this paper the geometric quality of the MUXCAM images is analyzed. One can measure the geometric quality of the CCD sensor by calculating the positioning and the internal accuracy of the images acquired by it. The positional accuracy for the MUXCAM resulted in ~404 m whereas the internal accuracy resulted in ~30 m, better than 2 pixels. Therefore, in less rigorous applications in which a high accuracy in coordinates is not mandatory, and in which such errors can be neglected, the multispectral images acquired by MUXCAM can be used without a prior geometric correction.
Pólo tecnológico de São José dos Campos: Análise crítica da política pública municipal / Technological polo of São José dos Campos: Critical analysis of municipal public policy
Authors: Coimbra Ana Christina Macedo , Hopfer Katia Regina
Published: April 2017

O desenvolvimento local do município de São José dos Campos foi direcionado para o setor tecnológico na década de 50, mediante decisão governamental de implantação de um projeto militar pioneiro na área aeronáutica. O presente artigo propõe analisar como as políticas públicas deste município convergem (ou não) para o desenvolvimento do município como polo tecnológico, sob as perspectivas histórica, conceitual e orçamentária. Optou-se pela pesquisa exploratória combinada à pesquisa descritiva para o objetivo, com foco dialético na descrição da origem e evolução do polo tecnológico e na apuração da efetiva (ou não) participação da administração pública nesta evolução. Quanto à abordagem do problema, optou-se pela pesquisa qualitativa com recorrências de pesquisa quantitativa, com vistas à complementação e robustez na produção de informações e como procedimento técnico para a coleta de dados, a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que as políticas públicas deste município, em certo momento histórico, foram objeto de um planejamento estratégico que as ordenou de forma a serem convergentes à manutenção do desenvolvimento regional como polo tecnológico; sendo que, uma afirmação conclusiva mais detalhada demanda uma coleta de dados mais específica e substancial de cada uma das políticas identificadas neste artigo.
De la créativité adolescente
Authors: Gutton Philippe
Published: April 2017

L’adolescence, cette création subjectale, cherche le compromis identitaire entre les réseaux d’emprises narcissiques du passé et du monde présent et, d’autre part, cette révélation «  Le pubertaire  », à la fois signe de la complémentarité féminin-masculin et sens en profondeur de la complémentarité de l’amour, fil rouge de l’éternel retour au primo-originaire.
De l’adolescence restreinte à l’adolescence généralisée
Authors: Rassial Jean-Jacques
Published: April 2017

Les analystes des années 1968 qui s’intéressèrent à l’adolescence étaient moins concernés d’abord par une clinique des adolescents que par ce que leur propre analyse, commencée jeune, permettait d’appréhender du voisinage entre la passe de l’analyste et celle de l’adolescence. L’adolescence alors était à concevoir comme un moment logique dans les identifications et la construction du sinthome, plus que dans la chronologie de l’événement pubertaire. Ainsi le mode de compréhension de ce moment était immédiatement lacanien, sans passer par Winnicott et une conception développementaliste. De ce point de vue, l’adolescence est une série d’opérations nécessaires, universelles, et où l’état de la culture n’introduit que des variations.
Analyse finie et adolescence infinie
Authors: Pommier Gérard
Published: April 2017

La perversion polymorphe de l’enfant méconnaît le rapport sexuel. Elle gravit des échelons jusqu’à la crise adolescente, qui découvre l’altérité du rapport sexuel. Elle passe d’abord d’un autoérotisme solitaire à un autoérotisme à deux dont la masturbation est le support. La crise adolescente elle-même se dénote par un changement de place : un passage de l’endogamie à l’exogamie. C’est la découverte du féminin, qui diffère du maternel, et la découverte de l’orgasme qui libère de la jouissance. C’est la découverte du désir, qui est une adolescence continuée. De même en va-t-il de la fin de l’analyse, qui est suspendue au début du masculin et du féminin. C’est également une adolescence retrouvée – dans le meilleur des cas.
Désir des parents
Authors: Roth Berta
Published: April 2017

À partir du roman de Noëlle Châtelet, La tête en bas , nous nous poserons la question suivante : les désirs des parents peuvent-ils arriver à perturber le développement, même organique, de leur enfant ? Le titre de cet article aurait pu être « L’enfant objet de la dispute des parents et marque de leur déception ».
De la bóveda de medio punto a la bóveda escarzana en los puentes de piedra. Influencia del rebajamiento y del relleno rígido en la variación de la carga de rotura
Authors: Urruchi-Rojo J. R. , Martínez-Martínez J. A. , Serrano-López R.
Published: April 2017

La forma de las bóvedas de los puentes de piedra ha ido evolucionando con el tiempo, existiendo bibliografía en la que además de recomendarse una tipología frente a otra, según la época, se prescribía la manera de ejecutar el relleno del trasdós. Todo ello surgía en un principio como fruto de las experiencias adquiridas durante la construcción y observación de los puentes. Así fueron emergiendo, a partir del siglo xviii, formulaciones que en unos casos aportaban un resultado y en otros el contrario. Este artículo pretende realizar una comparación entre varias de estas formulaciones, así como efectuar un análisis de la influencia en la variación de la carga de rotura, tanto del rebajamiento de la bóveda como de la participación del relleno rígido en el trasdós del mismo.