bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of mouse preimplantation embryos by third-generation sequencing
Authors: Fan Xiaoying , Tang Dong , Liao Yuhan , Li Pidong , Zhang Yu , Wang Minxia , Liang Fan , Wang Xiao , Gao Yun , Wen Lu , Wang Depeng , Wang Yang , Tang Fuchou
Published: December 2020

The development of next generation sequencing (NGS) platform-based single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) techniques has tremendously changed biological researches, while there are still many questions that cannot be addressed by them due to their short read lengths. We developed a novel scRNA-seq technology based on third-generation sequencing (TGS) platform (single-cell amplification and sequencing of full-length RNAs by Nanopore platform, SCAN-seq). SCAN-seq exhibited high sensitivity and accuracy comparable to NGS platform-based scRNA-seq methods. Moreover, we captured thousands of unannotated transcripts of diverse types, with high verification rate by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR)–coupled Sanger sequencing in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Then, we used SCAN-seq to analyze the mouse preimplantation embryos. We could clearly distinguish cells at different developmental stages, and a total of 27,250 unannotated transcripts from 9,338 genes were identified, with many of which showed developmental stage-specific expression patterns. Finally, we showed that SCAN-seq exhibited high accuracy on determining allele-specific gene expression patterns within an individual cell. SCAN-seq makes a major breakthrough for single-cell transcriptome analysis field.
The demography of swiping right. An overview of couples who met through dating apps in Switzerland
Authors: Potarca Gina
Published: December 2020

Within the span of almost ten years, phone dating apps have transformed the dating scene by normalizing and, according to some voices, gamifying the digital quest for a partner. Despite amplified discussion on how swipe-based apps damage the fabric of intimate ties, scientific accounts on whether they have led to different relationship patterns are missing. Using 2018 survey data from Switzerland, this study provides a rich overview of couples who met through dating apps by addressing three main themes: 1) family formation intentions, 2) relationship satisfaction and individual well-being, and 3) assortative mating. The data indicate that in Switzerland, dating apps have recently taken over as main online dating context. Results further show that couples formed through mobile dating have stronger cohabiting intentions than those formed in non-digital settings. Women who found their partner through a dating app also have stronger fertility desires and intentions than those who found their partner offline. Generally, there are no differences between couples initiated through dating apps and those initiated elsewhere regarding relationship and life satisfaction. Though more data are needed to capture the full range of users’ romantic and sexual experiences, current results mitigate some of the concerns regarding the short-term orientation or the poor quality of relationships formed through mobile dating. Findings finally suggest that dating apps play an important role in altering couple composition by allowing for more educationally diverse and geographically distant couples.
Characterization of lncRNA and mRNA profiles in rats with diabetic macroangiopathy
Authors: Yang Chan , Xie Ziyan , Yang Qiangfei , Su Min , Yan Ran , Cai Xueqin , Fu Xiaoxu , Gao Hong , Du Lian , Zhong Wen , Xie Chunguang
Published: December 2020

Diabetic macroangiopathy is part of the most common serious complications of diabetes. Previous studies indicate that lncRNAs involved in the process of diabetes and another vascular disease. However, their detailed mechanism of the lncRNAs involved in diabetic macroangiopathy has not been well characterized. In the present study, we generated rat models of diabetic macroangiopathy induced by High fat of 16weeks. A total of 15 GK rats were constructed as a test group, along with 15 Wistar rats set as control group, and thoracic aorta tissue from each group was collected. Whole genomic RNA sequencing was performed on thoracic aorta tissue; 3223 novel lncRNAs and 20367 annotated lncRNAs were indemnified in thoracic aorta samples, and 864 lncRNAs were expressed differently in the test and control groups. Gene ontology term enrichment showed the apparent enrichment of inflammatory response and cell apoptosis, which consistent with the results of H&E Staining, TUNEL Assay, and ELISA; Extensive literature reveals inflammatory response and cell apoptosis play an important role in the process of diabetic macroangiopathy. The results of the present study indicated that lncRNAs, especially Nrep. bSep08, Col5a1, aSep0, soygee.aSep08-unspliced, NONRATT013247.2, votar.aSep08-unspliced, etc, both participate in and mediate the process of inflammatory response, cell apoptosis. What’s more. Our research provides further insights into understanding of the basic molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic macroangiopathy.
Informed sequential pooling approach to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Millioni Renato , Mortarino Cinzia
Published: December 2020

The alarming spread of the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus requires several measures to reduce the risk of contagion. Every successful strategy in controlling the SARS-CoV-2 infection depends on timely diagnosis, which should include testing of asymptomatic carriers. Consequently, increasing the throughput for clinical laboratories for the purposes of conducting large-scale diagnostic testing is urgently needed. Here we support the hypothesis that standard diagnostic protocol for SARS-CoV-2 virus could be conveniently applied to pooled samples obtained from different subjects. We suggest that a two-step sequential pooling procedure could identify positive subjects, ensuring at the same time significant benefits of cost and time. The simulation data presented herein were used to assess the efficiency, in terms of number of required tests, both for random assignment of the subjects to the pools and for situations in which epidemiological and clinical data are used to create "informed" pools. Different scenarios were simulated to measure the effect of different pool sizes and different values for virus frequency. Our results allow for a customization of the pooling strategy according to the specific characteristics of the cohort being tested.
Temperament and sexual behaviour in the Furrowed Wood Turtle Rhinoclemmys areolata
Authors: Cassola Francesca Maura , Henaut Yann , Cedeño-Vázquez José Rogelio , Méndez-de la Cruz Fausto Roberto , Morales-Vela Benjamín
Published: December 2020

The variation in temperament among animals has consequences for evolution and ecology. One of the primary effects of consistent behavioral differences is on reproduction. In chelonians some authors have focused on the study of temperament using different methods. In our research our first aim was i) establish a methodology to determine the degree of boldness among individuals Rhinoclemmys areolata. Our second aim was to ii) determine the role boldness plays during reproduction, with emphasis on courtship and copulation, considering a) the interactions between males and females, and b) competition between males. We used 16 sexually mature individuals of each sex. Males were observed in four different situations and 17 behavioral traits were recorded. We selected 12 traits that allowed us distinguish between the bolder and the shier individuals and found that five behavioral traits were specific for bolder individuals and five others for shier individuals. In a second step, we observed a male in presence of a female and recorded courtship behaviors and breeding attempts. Bolder individuals did not display courtship behaviors and just attempted to copulate. Shier individuals displayed courtship behaviors and copulation attempts were rarely observed. Finally, in the simulations that compared two males in the presence of a female we noticed that bolder individuals displayed courtship behaviors while the shier ones simply ignored the female. Our results first allowed us to determine which methodology is the best to determine temperament in turtles. Secondly, temperament seems to be an important factor in modulating interaction between males and females. Bolder individuals have an advantage during competition and display courtship behaviours only if other males are present. Shier males displayed courtship behaviors and only try to copulate when no competitors were present. These two different temperament-dependant strategies are discussed in terms of ecology, evolution and management.
Effect of different designs of interspinous process devices on the instrumented and adjacent levels after double-level lumbar decompression surgery: A finite element analysis
Authors: Lo Hao-Ju , Chen Hung-Ming , Kuo Yi-Jie , Yang Sai-Wei
Published: December 2020

Recently, various designs and material manufactured interspinous process devices (IPDs) are on the market in managing symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). However, atraumatic fracture of the intervening spinous process has been reported in patients, particularly, double or multiple level lumbar decompression surgery with IPDs. This study aimed to biomechanically investigate the effects of few commercial IPDs, namely DIAMTM, CoflexTM, and M-PEEK, which were implanted into the L2-3, L3-4 double-level lumbar spinal processes. A validated finite element model of musculoskeletal intact lumbar spinal column was modified to accommodate the numerical analysis of different implants. The range of motion (ROM) between each vertebra, stiffness of the implanted level, intra stress on the intervertebral discs and facet joints, and the contact forces on spinous processes were compared. Among the three implants, the Coflex system showed the largest ROM restriction in extension and caused the highest stress over the disc annulus at the adjacent levels, as well as the sandwich phenomenon on the spinous process at the instrumented levels. Further, the DIAM device provided a superior loading-sharing between the two bridge supports, and the M-PEEK system offered a superior load-sharing from the superior spinous process to the lower pedicle screw. The limited motion at the instrumented segments were compensated by the upper and lower adjacent functional units, however, this increasing ROM and stress would accelerate the degeneration of un-instrumented segments.
Changes in accommodative function following small-incision lenticule extraction for high myopia
Authors: Gyldenkerne Anders , Aagaard Nicolaj , Jakobsen Malene , Toftelund Carina , Hjortdal Jesper
Published: December 2020

Purpose

To examine whether the amplitude of accommodation, the accommodative response, and the accommodative facility is affected and correlated with changes in higher-order aberrations for patients with high myopia surgically treated with small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).

Methods

35 highly myopic eyes (myopic spherical equivalent of at least 6 diopters) of 35 patients treated with SMILE were included. Assessments were made before and 3 months after surgery. Donders push-up-method was used to measure the amplitude of accommodation. The accommodative response was assessed using an open-field autorefractor”Grand Seiko WAM-5500” (Grand Seiko Co. Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan) in combination with a Badal optometer and stimuli of accommodation at 0.0, 0.5, 1.25, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 D, respectively. Accommodative facility was measured at 40 cm with ±2,00D flipper lenses. All measurements of accommodation were performed monocularly with the refractive error corrected with soft contact lenses.

Results

The amplitude of accommodation did not change statistically significantly (mean difference -0.24 D (SD 0.98), 95% CI of mean difference -0.58 D to 0.11 D, paired-sample t(34) = -1.39; P = 0.17). The accommodative responses at 0.0, 0.5, 1.25, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 D did not statistically significantly change either (F(6,29) = 1.15; P = .36). Finally, the accommodative facility was also unchanged with a mean difference of 1.11 cycles per minute (SD 5.11, 95% CI of mean difference -0.64 to 2.87, paired-sample t(34) = 1.29; P = 0.21). No clinically significant associations between changes in accommodation and higher-order aberrations were found.

Conclusions

SMILE does not alter the amplitude of accommodation, the accommodative response, nor the accommodative facility for highly myopic patients, and the surgically induced corneal higher-order aberrations do not affect the accommodative function.
Comparison of phase-resolved functional lung (PREFUL) MRI derived perfusion and ventilation parameters at 1.5T and 3T in healthy volunteers
Authors: Glandorf Julian , Klimeš Filip , Voskrebenzev Andreas , Gutberlet Marcel , Behrendt Lea , Crisosto Cristian , Wacker Frank , Ciet Pierluigi , Wild Jim M. , Vogel-Claussen Jens
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of different field strengths on perfusion and ventilation parameters, SNR and CNR derived by PREFUL MRI using predefined sequence parameters.

Methods

Data sets of free breathing 2d FLASH lung MRI were acquired from 15 healthy subjects at 1.5T and 3T (Magnetom Avanto and Skyra, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) with a maximum period of 3 days in between. The processed functional parameters regional ventilation (RVent), perfusion (Q), quantified perfusion (QQuant), perfusion defect percentage (QDP), ventilation defect percentage (VDP) and ventilation-perfusion match (VQM) were compared for systematic differences. Signal- and contrast-to-noise ratio (SNR and CNR) of both acquisitions were analyzed.

Results

RVent, Q, VDP, SNR and CNR presented no significant differences between 1.5T and 3T. QQuant (1.5T vs. 3T, P = 0.04), and QDP (1.5T vs. 3T, P≤0.01) decreased significantly at 3T. Consequently, VQM increased significantly (1.5T vs. 3T, P≤0.01). Skewness and kurtosis of the Q-values increased significantly at 3T (P≤0.01). The mean Sørensen-Dice coefficients between both series were 0.91 for QDP and 0.94 for VDP. The Bland-Altman analysis of both series showed mean differences of 4.29% for QDP, 1.23% for VDP and -5.15% for VQM. Using the above-mentioned parameters for three-day repeatability at two different scanners and field strengths, the retrospective power calculation showed, that a sample size of 15 can detect differences of 3.7% for QDP, of 2.9% for VDP and differences of 2.6% for VQM.

Conclusion

Significant differences in QDP may be related to field inhomogeneities, which is expressed by increasing skewness and kurtosis at 3T. QQuant reveals only poor reproducibility between 1.5T and 3T. RVent, Q, VDP, SNR and CNR were not altered significantly at the used sequence parameters. Healthy participants with minimal defects present high spatial agreement of QDP and VDP.
Atypical alert state control in adult patients with ADHD: A pupillometry study
Authors: Shirama Aya , Takeda Toshinobu , Ohta Haruhisa , Iwanami Akira , Toda Shigenobu , Kato Nobumasa
Published: December 2020

Although behavioral studies have repeatedly demonstrated that individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have deficits in alertness, little is known about its underlying neural basis. It is hypothesized that pupil diameter reflects the firing of norepinephrine (NE) neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC), and that the LC-NE neuromodulatory system for regulating alertness may be dysfunctional in ADHD. To clinically and non-invasively examine this hypothesis, we monitored the kinetics of pupil diameter in response to stimuli and compared them between adults with ADHD (n = 17) and typically developing (TD) adults (n = 23) during an auditory continuous performance task. Individuals in the ADHD group exhibited a significantly larger tonic pupil diameter, and a suppressed stimulus-evoked phasic pupil dilation, compared to those in the TD group. These findings provide support for the idea that the aberrant regulatory control of pupil diameter in adults with ADHD may be consistent with a compromised state of alertness resulting from a hyperactivated LC-NE system.
CAVITATION-EROSION STUDY IN ELBOW TUBES OF A LOW-PRESSURE EVAPORATOR OUTLET HEADER
Authors: Adnyana Dewa Nyoman
Published: December 2020

This paper presents the results of the cavitation-erosion study that occurred on elbow tubes that connected to the low-pressure (LP) Evaporator outlet header on a heat-recovery steam generator (HRSG) unit. Inside the elbow tubes flow the working fluid in the form of hot water with a pressure of 10 bar and a temperature of 160° C. Elbow tubes are made of low carbon steel, have an outer diameter of 31.8 mm and a wall thickness of 2.6 mm. Before entering into the elbow tubes, the working fluid warms up inside the evaporator tubes panel using hot flue gases coming from a gas turbine power plant unit. In this study there were 4 (four) pieces of post-service elbow tubes used, namely elbow tube with the connecting angle of 90°, 75°, 60° and 45°. The types of tests carried out included macroscopic tests, chemical analysis, metallographic examinations, hardness tests and EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) analysis. The study results obtained show that the elbow tubes undergo a process of thinning on the inner wall of the outer curvature with a rough and jagged surface appearance. This type of failure is known cavitation- erosion. The level of cavitation-erosion that occurs is very much influenced by the elbow’s connecting angle with the LP Evaporator header outlet. The greater the connecting angle or the smaller the radius of the elbow tube, the higher the level of cavitation-erosion that occurs. The high rate of cavitation-erosion experienced by the four elbow tubes is also related to the level of turbulence of the working fluid flow that occurs in the elbow tube. The increase in turbulence that occurs is caused by a decrease in the pressure of the working fluid in the evaporator panel so that some part of the working fluid turns into steam and produces a two-phase flow consisting of a mixture of water and steam
ETLINGERA TJIASMANTOI (ZINGIBERACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM CENTRAL SULAWESI
Authors: Ardiyani Marlina , Ardi Wisnu Handoyo , Santoso Wahyudi , Poulsen Axel Dalberg
Published: December 2020

ARDIYANI, M., ARDI, W. H., SANTOSO, W. & POULSEN, A. D.  2020.  Etlingera tjiasmantoi (Zingiberaceae), a new species from Central Sulawesi. Reinwardtia 19(2): 103‒108. ‒‒ A new species of Etlingera, Etlingera tjiasmantoi Ardiyani & Ardi, was discovered at Tentena, Central Sulawesi, and is described here. This species resembles Etlingera flexuosa A.D.Poulsen and Etlingera mamasarum A.D.Poulsen & Ardiyani but differs from both in having thecae dehiscing through their entire length and in the obovoid, glabrous and spineless fruits. The DNA barcode data, the line drawings of flower and fruit and the plate of E. tjiasmantoi were presented.
CHARACTERS OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA D-LOOP HYPERVARIABLE III FRAGMENTS OF INDONESIAN RHINOCEROS HORNBILL (BUCEROS RHINOCEROS) (AVES: BUCEROTIDAE)
Authors: Jarulis Jarulis , Solihin Dedy Duryadi , Mardiastuti Ani , Prasetyo Lilik Budi
Published: December 2020

The rhinoceros hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros) genetic characteristics consist of nucleotide polymorphisms, haplotypes, genetic distances, and relationships which are important for their conservation effort in Indonesia. We sequenced mitochondrial DNA D-loop hypervariable III fragments from five rhinoceros hornbill individuals at Safari Park Indonesia I and Ragunan Zoo, which were isolated using Dneasy® Blood and Tissue Kit Spin-Column Protocol, Qiagen. D-loop fragment replication was done by PCR technique using DLBuce_F (5'-TGGCCTTTCTCCAAGGTCTA-3') and DLBuce_R (5'-TGAAGG AGT TCATGGGCTTAG-3') primer. Thirty SNP sites were found in 788 bp D-loop sequences of five rhinoceros hornbill individuals and each individual had a different haplotype. The average genetic distance between individuals was 3.09% and all individuals were categorized into two groups (Group I: EC6TS, EC1RG, EC2TS and Group II: EC9TS, EC10TS) with a genetic distance of 3.99%. This result indicated that the two groups were distinct subspecies. The genetic distance between Indonesian and Thai rhinoceros hornbills was 10.76%. Five Indonesian rhinoceros hornbill individuals at Safari Park Indonesia I and Ragunan Zoo probably came from different populations, ancestors, and two different islands. This study can be of use for management consideration in captive breeding effort at both zoos. The D-loop sequence obtained is a useful character to distinguish three rhinoceros hornbill subspecies in Indonesia.
Um traçado analítico da sonoridade cinematográfica na condição de elemento discursivo no dispositivo audiovisual da ficção
Authors: Lívero Íngrid
Published: December 2020

O estudo da trilha sonora cinematográfica aqui apresentado objetivou explorar seus mecanismos de funcionamento na condição de elemento do dispositivo do cinema, de forma que atua diretamente na produção de posições de sujeitos e processos de subjetivação integrantes de produtos fílmicos. Consiste em um trabalho pautado na teoria discursiva de Michel Foucault, sobretudo em seu método de busca de regularidades na dispersão de enunciados, as quais são parte integrante da análise das redes de dispositivos existentes; nesse sentido é que o estudo selecionou determinadas cenas de uma produção cinematográfica para, individualmente, serem analisadas as sequências sonoras ali presentes e sua relação para com os outros elementos, imagéticos e narrativos, resgatados por frames, que constroem o todo da cena. Tal percurso possibilitou a evidência de diferentes sequências sonoras, dispersas no produto fílmico finalizado e que assumem modulações específicas para que se estabeleçam diferentes efeitos de sentido e lugares de sujeito a serem assumidos mediante assimilação e identificação com uma produção artística.
O Heterodiscurso em uma charge política contemporânea
Authors: Fernandes de Santana Wilder Kleber , Rodrigues Lopes Lucas
Published: December 2020

Este estudo objetivou realizar um trabalho investigativo sobre o Heterodiscurso sob horizonte dos estudos dialógicos. Para tanto, recorremos às contribuições de Bakhtin (2006 [1979]; 2010 [1930-34]), Medviédev (2016 [1928]) e Volóchinov (2017 [1929]) para subsidiarem a pesquisa. A abordagem dialógica, com a propositura de análises heterodiscursivas, têm demonstrado que há diversas possibilidades de se analisar as manifestações de linguagem, e que os diversos enunciados podem ser compreendidos como gêneros do discurso. Nessa direcionalidade, o manuscrito está estruturado em duas seções: a primeira, intitulada Dialogismo e a circunscrição do Heterodiscurso consiste na discussão teórica, enquanto a segunda, Uma nova moeda brasileira: olhares heterodiscursivos centra-se na análise da charge 200 capetões, produzida por Jota Camelo. Os resultados apontaram que o Heterodiscurso se constitui como dispositivo potencializador no terreno da linguagem, na medida em que propicia aos sujeitos analistas e pesquisadores ferramentas fundamentais para a constatação de fios socio-histórico-ideológicos, constituintes.
Climate-Change Induced Permafrost Degradation in Yakutia, East Siberia
Authors: Czerniawska Jolanta , Chlachula Jiri
Published: December 2020

Current climate change in the northern regions is a well-recognized phenomenon. In central Yakutia (the Sakha Republic), the long-term trend displays a consistent mean annual air temperature (MAAT) increase from −9.6˚C (1980) to −6.7˚C (2019), corresponding to an average 0.07˚C annual rise, with pronounced temperature anomalies in the last decade. The analyzed meteorological records of the past 40 years indicate a progressing climate change pattern of increased MAAT and mean annual precipitation (MAP) that occurs in 5 – 7 yr cycles. The complex interactions of regional climatic variations with local geological and environmental conditions influence the frozen ground’s thermal balance, which, in turn, impacts thermokarst development. Co-acting factors of temperature rise and higher precipitation rates activate thermokarst lake dynamics and lake expansion following snow- and rainfall-rich preceding years. April experiences the greatest warming trend with a present (2020) 5˚C rise from 1980 with shortening of the winter season. Climate warming together with natural forest fires and anthropogenic activities (pastoral practices and logging) contribute to the taiga landscape opening due to reduced albedo and the greater exposure to solar radiation. The regional hydrologic network undergoes restructuring caused by drained meltwater released from the degraded cryolithozone with peaks of the fluvial discharge in late spring and early summer generating bank erosion. The negative effects of the progressing ground thaw, which are particularly observed in lowland locations, pose risks to local settlements and generate major environmental and engineering problems in the formerly permafrost-stable central and northern areas of Siberia.
Transformative Learning Potentials of Trainee Health Workers in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Nwagu Evelyn Nwagu
Published: December 2020

Abstract

This study investigated transformative learning and the influence of learning experiences and demographic characteristics of the learners on transformative learning of trainee health workers in Nsukka, Enugu state Nigeria. Descriptive survey design was used for the study. The instrument for data collection was a fixed-choice and open-ended questionnaire. Frequencies and ANOVA were computed. Thematic content analyses for open-ended questions were done. Participants indicated a high degree of transformative learning. Programme type, gender, age and level of study had no significant influence on the transformative learning potentials of the students. The most frequently selected learning components were field trips and presentations. Students’ responses to the open-ended questions covered themes such as; better understanding of health, illness and health care. The study demonstrated the importance of discussion and debate as a method of teaching, inclusive of critical reflection and consciousness-raising of cultural, social, economic, and political influences on individual health outcome.

 

Keywords: Transformative learning, critical reflection, change, Health Workers, Health, Illness and Health care.
GAZETECİLİK ETİK KODLARININ OLUŞTURULMASINDA VE GÜNCELLENMESİNDE MESLEK KURULUŞLARININ ÖNEMİ: TÜRKİYE GAZETECİLER CEMİYETİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: KAYA Sertaç , UÇAK Olcay
Published: December 2020

Meslek kuruluşları, çalışanların oluşturduğu sivil girişimler olması ve birliktelikleri açısından önem arz etmektedir. Gazetecilik mesleği açısından da ülkemizde ve dünyada birçok meslek örgütü, derneği veya sendikası bulunmaktadır. Türkiye Gazeteciler Cemiyeti de bu alanda faaliyet gösteren Türkiye’deki önemli gazetecilik meslek kuruluşlarından biridir. Meslek ilkelerinin belirlenmesinde ve korunmasında çalışmalar yürütmesinin yanında gazetecilerin haklarını savunmak için de faaliyetlerde bulunmaktadır. İlk kez 1998 yılında oluşturulan bildirge, günümüz değişen koşullarında yenilenme ihtiyacı ile tekrar gözden geçirilmiştir.
17 Nisan 2019 tarihinde bildirge üzerinde yapılan güncellemeyle çıkarılan, eklenen ve düzeltilen maddeler olmuştur. Bu çalışmayla toplumsal değişim ve teknolojik gelişmelerin gazeteciliğin dönüşümüne etkisi Türkiye Gazeteciler Cemiyeti’nin hazırlamış olduğu güncellenen “Türkiye Gazetecileri Hak ve Sorumluluklar Bildirgesi” üzerinden açıklanmıştır. Bu bağlamda eski ve yeni bildirge doküman analizi yöntemine göre incelenmiş ve Türkiye Gazeteciler Cemiyeti Başkanı Turgay Olcayto ve Türkiye Gazeteciler Cemiyeti Genel Sekreteri Sibel Güneş ile yapılan yüz yüze görüşmelerle desteklenmiştir.
Tekst i przed-tekst. Bruliony wiersza Oskara Miłosza (fragmenty)
Authors: Bellemin-Noël Jean
Published: December 2020

W niniejszej publikacji prezentujemy fragmenty książki Jeana Bellemin-Noëla zatytułowanej Tekst i przed-tekst, bruliony wiersza Oskara Miłosza z roku 1971, jednej z pozycji założycielskich zrodzonej we Francji praktyki badawczej znanej jako krytyka genetyczna tekstu. Praca Bellemin-Noëla stanowi prekursorską próbę metodycznego ujęcia literackiego procesu twórczego na podstawie analizy zachowanych rękopisów, notatek i szkiców poety. Zgromadzony korpus tekstów, nazywany „brulionami”, poddany został klasyfikacji i opisowi, następnie zaś sekwencji odczytań służących rekonstrukcji kolejnych etapów powstawania utworu. Badacz zwraca uwagę na czysto „techniczne” aspekty korpusu będące świadectwem zmian zachodzących w kolejnych redakcjach wiersza. Zmiany i korekty kompozycyjne, składniowe, leksykalne, a także skreślenia czy dopiski – świadczyć mają o procesie myślowym kryjącym się za aktem twórczym, będącym – jak podaje Zofia Mitosek – procesem nie tyle przekazywania, ile tworzenia znaczeń.
Wariacja i reguły gry w Stopniach na Parnas
Authors: Dionísio João
Published: December 2020

Artykuł, zainspirowany poglądami Daniela Ferrera na genetyczną wariację jako proces zbudowany z wielu powiązań, a nie serię wolnych operacji podporządkowanych innym operacjom, przedstawia literacką genezę jako grę wariacji. Reguły gry można jedynie wstępnie rozpoznać po zidentyfikowaniu jej składników wynikających z tekstu i dokumentu. W artykule szczególną uwagę poświęcam analizie wariacji in absentia, czyli sytuacji, w której choć zapisana jest tylko jedna wersja tekstu, można zestawić ją z wersją, która będzie bliższa czytelnikowi (bądź bardziej oczekiwana). Wariacja in absentia jest istotna dla analizy zarówno tekstowych, jak i materialnych aspektów procesu pisania (np. zmiany układu na stronie, zmiany długopisu, zastąpienia pomocy pisarskich). W artykule śledzę ten rodzaj wariacji na podstawie szkiców Os Degraus do Parnaso (Stopnie na Parnas), kolekcji esejów wszechstronnego pisarza i analitycznego filozofa M.S. Lourenço (1936–2009). Dokładna interpretacja tekstowych oraz materialnych stałych i zmiennych, w zakresie pisowni i użycia narzędzi pisania, prowadzi do wniosku, że przypadki w tekście (elementy, które według W.W. Grega wpływają jedynie na formalną prezentację) nie są zawsze przypadkowe w genezie literackiej.
Будущее европейской идентичности на фоне коронакризиса
Authors: Lunkin Roman
Published: December 2020

В статье проанализированы возможные последствия пандемии коронакризиса для европейской идентичности. Борьба с распространением вируса косвенно обострила проблемы солидарности, национального суверенитета, восприятия национальных традиций, культуры и религии. Трансформация, по мнению автора, коснется отношения к политкорректности, политики идентичности и прав меньшинств, будут пересмотрены ценности глобализации в сторону большей роли национальных интересов каждой страны. Сделан вывод, что европейская солидарность будет активно развиваться на уровне диалога между странами и между обычными людьми, а тема борьбы с коронавирусом войдет в историческую память европейцев.
Государственно-церковные отношения (европейский опыт)
Authors: Shimanskaya Olga
Published: December 2020

В статье даётся сравнительный анализ развития европейского и российского законодательства в части государственно-конфессиональных отношений и употребления сакральных понятий в преамбуле конституций некоторых стран Европы. Введение в законодательный оборот сакральных словоупотреблений артикулирует внимание законодателей и правоприменителей на исторически присущих Европе христианских ценностях. Основные модели государственно-конфессиональных отношений (идентификационная, отделительная и кооперационная), сложившиеся в современной Европе, постоянно корректируются в соответствии с общественными запросами (миграцией, общепопуляционным кризисом, вызванным коронавирусом).
Первый социально ориентированный бюджет левой коалиции в Испании
Authors: Vernikov Vladimir
Published: December 2020

Записка посвящена принятому Конгрессом депутатов и утвержденному в декабре 2020 года Сенатом государственному бюджету Испании на 2021 год. Это первый за постфранкистский период социально ориентированный документ первого левого коалиционного правительства ИСРП и партии «Подемос» («Мы можем!»). Автор анализирует сложный процесс переговоров, содержание основных расходных статей и перспективы реализации нового бюджета.
Парламентские выборы в Словакии
Authors: Vedernikov Mikhail
Published: December 2020

В феврале 2020 года в Словакии прошли очередные парламентские выборы, которые могут стать прологом к началу кардинальных изменений в политической жизни страны. Они подвели черту под политическим доминированием партии «СМЕР – социальная демократия», которая находилась у власти с 2006 г. Победу одержало движение Обычные люди и независимые личности, которому удалось добиться значительного успеха благодаря обещаниям по борьбе с коррупцией. В свою очередь неожиданными итоги голосования стали для либеральных партий, которые согласно предвыборным исследованиям, рассматривались в качестве основных претендентов на участие в формировании нового правительства. Впрочем, несогласованность их действий привела к тому, что один из фаворитов – коалиция партий «Прогрессивная Словакия» и «Вместе» – не сумел пройти в парламент.
Энергетическое противостояние в Восточном Средиземноморье: позиция Греции
Authors: Zelikson Denis
Published: December 2020

В январе 2020 года Греция, Кипр и Израиль подписали соглашение о строительстве Восточно-средиземноморского газопровода (EastMed). Создание нового элемента энергетической инфраструктуры в регионе призвано диверсифицировать импорт углеводородов в Юго-Восточную Европу. Техническая сложность и высокая стоимость газопровода позволяют говорить о его политическом характере. За счет проекта Израиль и Кипр хотят привлечь ЕС и США к сдерживанию распространения влияния Турции в регионе. В свою очередь, Афины не ставят перед собой такой цели и подчеркивают исключительно мирный и экономический характер соглашения.
Dissecting the Roles of Supervised and Unsupervised Learning in Perceptual Discrimination Judgments
Authors: Loewenstein Yonatan , Raviv Ofri , Ahissar Merav
Published: December 2020

Our ability to compare sensory stimuli is a fundamental cognitive function, which is known to be affected by two biases: choice bias, which reflects a preference for a given response, and contraction bias, which reflects a tendency to perceive stimuli as similar to previous ones. To test whether both reflect supervised processes, we designed feedback protocols aimed to modify them and tested them in human participants. Choice bias was readily modifiable. However, contraction bias was not. To compare these results to those predicted from an optimal supervised process, we studied a noise-matched optimal linear discriminator (Perceptron). In this model, both biases were substantially modified, indicating that the “resilience” of contraction bias to feedback does not maximize performance. These results suggest that perceptual discrimination is a hierarchical, two-stage process. In the first, stimulus statistics are learned and integrated with representations in an unsupervised process that is impenetrable to external feedback. In the second, a binary judgment, learned in a supervised way, is applied to the combined percept.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe seemingly effortless process of inferring physical reality from the sensory input is highly influenced by previous knowledge, leading to perceptual biases. Two common ones are contraction bias (the tendency to perceive stimuli as similar to previous ones) and choice bias (the tendency to prefer a specific response). Combining human psychophysical experiments with computational modeling we show that they reflect two different learning processes. Contraction bias reflects unsupervised learning of stimuli statistics, whereas choice bias results from supervised or reinforcement learning. This dissociation reveals a hierarchical, two-stage process. The first, where stimuli statistics are learned and integrated with representations, is unsupervised. The second, where a binary judgment is applied to the combined percept, is learned in a supervised way.
Conversion between the local magnitude (ML) and the moment magnitude (Mw) for earthquakes in the Croatian Earthquake Catalogue
Authors: Herak Marijan
Published: December 2020

Based on 153 earthquakes (1959–2020) listed in the Croatian Earthquake Catalogue, a conversion relation was obtained between the local magnitude ML,CR and the corresponding moment magnitude Mw as reported by the global and regional agencies. As errors were present in both variables the York regression was used. The best fit line is given by: MwL = (–0.106 ± 0.122) + (1.002 ± 0.027) ML,CR (coefficient of determination R2 = 0.90). The earthquakes considered occurred in Croatia and the neighbouring regions, and their local magnitudes ML,CR ranged between 3.5 and 6.5. Residual analysis suggests that an artificial positive magnitude shift of up to 0.3 magnitude units may have occurred in the early 1980s, when Wiechert mechanical seismographs were replaced by the instruments with velocity proportional recordings without proper recalibration of the magnitude formula. The slope of the regression close to 1.0 indicates that on the average the faults’ aspect ratio (width/length) is about 1/2.
Assessing vulnerability for inhabitants of Dhaka City considering flood-hazard exposure
Authors: Huq Md. Enamul , Rahman Md. Mahabubur , Al Mamun Abdullah , Rana Md. Masud Parves , Al Dughairi Ahmed Abdullah , Longg Xiaoyi , Javed Akib , Saleem Nayyer , Sarker Md. Nazirul Islam , Hossain Mallik Akram , Shoeb A. Z. M. , Altan Orhan , Cheng Qimin
Published: December 2020

Global flood hazard is gradually increasing. Though it is impossible to avoid them, losses and damage of hazards (e.g., floods, cyclones, and earthquakes) could be efficiently reduced by reducing household vulnerability with appropriate measures. This study aims to quantitatively measure the household vulnerability of flood hazards as a mitigation tool. It also proposed a unique approach to quantify flood-hazard household vulnerability, and shows its application in the flood prone city of Dhaka as an example case. Data were collected from both slum and non-slum areas to cover the entire urban habitat, and to compare their level of flood vulnerability. A total of 300 households were surveyed by structured questionnaire on the basis of five factors (economic, social, environmental, structural, and institutional) of flood vulnerability. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was applied to measure individual household vulnerability scores by using the relative weightage of variables and indicators with proper standardisation. Analytical results demonstrated that 63.06% slum and 20.02% non-slum households were highly vulnerable to floods. In addition, this paper determined and assessed responsible factors for household flood vulnerability in Dhaka. For structural vulnerability, results exhibited that 82% of slum households were highly vulnerable, and 95.3% of non-slum households were moderately vulnerable. Socially, 67.3% of slum and 78.7% of non-slum households were moderately and low-vulnerable. The majority of slum and non-slum households (84% and 59.3%, respectively) showed high and moderate vulnerability with respect to economic vulnerability. Moreover, 69.3% of slum and 65.3% of nonslum household institutional vulnerability levels were high. Of slum inhabitants, 63.3% were environmentally at high risk, and 78% of non-slum habitats were in the low-vulnerability category. However, as an effective tool to measure location-specific vulnerability, it is applicable for the measuring vulnerability of other cities in the world with proper customisation. On the basis of this study, future research could be conducted with more factors, variables, and indicators of human vulnerability to natural or artificial hazards/disasters. Future work may provide a better reflection of the vulnerability status of single/multiple hazard(s)/disaster(s).
The problem of humanitarian assessment in social, emotional and ethical learning
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Tsimmerman Nadezhda Valer'evna , Kozhevnikova Margarita Nikolaevna ,   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The authors investigate the nature of assessment in social, emotional and ethical learning (SEE learning). The aim of this research is to develop the key principles of assessment for designing an assessment model in social, emotional and ethical learning - a new educational framework, based on the general understanding of humanitarian assessment and the specific clarification of SEE learning as an innovative educational phenomenon. Materials and Methods. The research methodology is determined by the nature of the present stage of the research. It includes analytical work in such fields of study as philosophy of education and theoretical educational research, and is based on generally used approaches and methods of the relevant academic areas, in particular: general philosophical analysis, socio-philosophical analysis, phenomenological approach, dialectical method, typology and clarification approaches, complex analysis of paradigmatic components of educational programs, reviewing psychological and educational literature, and educational modeling. Results. The authors identified the SEE learning typology as a phenomenon of the humanitarian education paradigm in the 21st century and revealed characteristics determined by its genesis and structure, covering a number of areas. The authors clarified the phenomenon of humanitarian assessment by means of explaining the contradictions in the nature of assessment and the influence of the educational paradigm on the assessment. Based on the obtained understanding and analysis of existing research investigations in the field of assessing and social-emotional learning, the authors identified general principles of humanitarian assessment within the framework of SEE learning, and developed a number of preliminary specific decisions regarding assessment in SEE learning, intended for the future assessment model of social-emotional-ethical education. Conclusions. The article concludes that the SEE learning assessment model should be determined by the humanitarian paradigm and rely on fundamental principles of humanitarian assessment. Keywords Social-Emotional and ethical learning; Emotional intelligence; Humanitarian assessment; Humanistic paradigm; Person-centered philosophical and anthropological perspective.
The impact of e-learning and social parameters on students’ academic performance
Authors:   Russian Technological University (RTU MIREA), Petrusevich Denis Andreevich
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The article examines the problem of assessing students' academic performance in the current situation. The purpose of the paper is to evaluate the influence of e-learning and some social and behavioral parameters on students’ academic performance. Materials and Methods. The author employed the machine learning procedures in order to identify and assess the current problems of the educational system, students’ behavior, and universities’ policy. Methods of mathematical analysis and statistics as well as ensemble methods (gradient boosting and the random forest algorithms) were used in order to achieve high accuracy of the research. Results. The author conducted the analysis of the following datasets devoted to academic performance at higher and secondary educational institutions in a number of countries: Students’ Performance in Portugal, E-learning Student Reactions and Students’ Academic Performance. The purposes of the current study were to identify statistical correlations between social parameters of students and the level of their academic performance and to understand how academic performance is determined by the implementation of online learning and blended learning. The research findings suggest that mathematical statistics and data analysis methods allow to identify correlations between students’ performance data and reveal hidden relationships which can be important for university staff. Conclusions. In conclusion, the author summarizes the results of evaluating the impact of the introduction of e-learning elements and some social parameters on students’ academic performance. Keywords Clustering students; Blended learning; Academic performance evaluation; Digitalization of education; Digital technologies in education; Correlation of features; performance improvement.
E-Learning Integration with traditional learning in a university environment: Academic and administrative factors and conditions
Authors:   Cherepovets State University, Krylova Natalya Pavlovna , Tyulyu Galina Mihailovna ,   Cherepovets State University, Levashov Evgeny Nikolaevich ,   Cherepovets State University
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The paper addresses the problem of the optimal combination of traditional and distance (online) knowledge delivery systems in higher education. The purpose of this study is to identify and describe academic and administrative factors and conditions influencing the integration of traditional and distance learning in a university environment. Materials and Methods. The article reviews and analyses a number of Russian and international studies into distance (online) and traditional learning within the framework of higher education. A survey was conducted at Cherepovets State University (the Russian Federation). Participants of the study were students (n=110) and academic staff (n=20). The observation method was used in order to identify the level of student satisfaction in traditional and distance (online) learning. Results. The authors clarified modern interpretations of distance and traditional education and conducted a historical analysis of these concepts. The study revealed and described academic and administrative factors and conditions contributing to the effective integration of distance and traditional education. The results showed that most of the students and academic staff prefer a traditional education delivery system. In regards to tools and resources of distance (online) learning, most respondents are positive about using Microsoft Teams video conferencing software. Conclusions. The authors identified and clarified the following academic and administrative factors and conditions for the integration of distance and traditional education delivery systems: careful selection of educational online platforms, active use of reflection, a variety of communication channels for feedback, emotional factors, regulations for distance learning, and distance mentoring. Keywords Distance education; Traditional education; Integration; Academic and administrative factors and conditions; Students; Academic staff; Educational online platform
Impact of Shading Net on Photovoltaic Cells Performance
Authors: Sunanda Wahri , Gusa Rika Favoria , Tiandho Yuant , Pratama Erick Aryana
Published: December 2020

The output of the photovoltaic cells such as voltage and current is an essential parameter to assess the performance of photovoltaic cells. The performance of photovoltaic cells depends on the intensity of solar irradiation and the cleanliness conditions of cells. One of the factors that influence the performance of photovoltaic cells is shading. It can reduce the intensity of solar irradiation on the cells. In this study, the measurement system used two units of current and voltage sensors that simultaneously measures the performance of photovoltaic cells. In photovoltaic cells covered by a shading net with nominal shading rates of 50% and 90%, the average efficiency is 6% and 2% respectively. Meanwhile, for photovoltaic cells without covering by a shading net, the average efficiency is 11%.