bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly Enantioselective Transportation Across Liquid Membranes Mediated by Porous Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Zhang Xiaofeng , Hou Bang , Li Ziping , Fu Shiguo , Liu Shuo , Jia Lei , Liu Yan , Cui Yong
Published: November 2024

Chiral liquid membrane separation is crucial in pharmaceuticals and chemical synthesis for its simplicity and stability, yet designing membrane carriers that enable efficient enantioseparation remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrated for the first time that chiral porous materials can act as mobile carriers of bulk liquid membranes (BLMs) to enhance enantioselective transport and separation. We design and prepare three 2D chiral covalent organic frameworks (CCOFs) by imine condensations of a chiral dialdehyde with triamines containing ethyl, fluorine and/or isopropyl groups. These isostructural CCOFs feature ABC stacking, excellent water, acid and base tolerance, and chiral amine groups in 1D porous channels, promoting efficient enantioselective transportation of amino acid enantiomers. Among them, the CCOF with both ‐F and ‐iPr groups showing superior transport performance. Exfoliating the CCOF into chiral nanosheets creates flexible layers with accessible active sites, enabling nanosheet‐mediated liquid membranes to separate chiral drug enantiomers, a feat unattainable with the pristine CCOF. This work establishes CCOFs as a promising platform for chiral BLM separations and will guide the design of high‐performance BLMs using porous materials for enantioselective separation.
Coupling Rotary Motion to Helicene Inversion within a Molecular Motor
Authors: Gisbert Yohan , Ovalle Marco , Stindt Charlotte N. , Costil Romain , Feringa Ben L.
Published: November 2024

Towards complex coupled molecular motions, the remote handedness inversion of a helicene moiety was achieved by a rotary molecular motor. The use of a specifically engineered dynamic helicene stator in a novel overcrowded‐alkene second‐generation molecular motor based on a fluorinated dibenzofluorene fragment allows for an unprecedented control over helicity inversion. This is achieved by the mechanical coupling of the rotation of the rotor to the helicene inversion of the stator half via a remote chirality transmission process. Thus, the unidirectional rotary motion generated upon irradiation is used to invert the dynamic stereochemistry of a helicene, leading to a 6‐step cycle with eight intermediates. In this cycle, both alternation between P and M configurations of the helicene stator and dynamic thermal interconversion (paddling motion) can be achieved. In‐depth computational and spectroscopic studies were performed to support the associated mechanism. The control over coupled motion and dynamic helicity offers prospects for the development of complex responsive systems.
Enhanced Adsorption Kinetics and Capacity of a Stable CeF3@Ni3N Heterostructure for Methanol Electro‐Reforming Coupled with Hydrogen Production
Authors: Deng Kuan , Liu Xuesong , Liu Peng , Lv Xingbin , Tian Wen , Ji Junyi
Published: November 2024

Alkaline methanol‐water electrolysis system is regarded as an appealing strategy for electro‐reforming methanol into formate and producing hydrogen with low energy‐consumption compared with alkaline water electrolysis. However, stability and selectivity under high current densities for practical application remain challenging. Herein, a CeF3@Ni3N nanosheets array anchored on carbon cloth (CeF3@Ni3N/CC) was fabricated. The gradual extrusion of F species from Ni(OH)2 lattices can stabilize hierarchical structure and construct abundant heterostructure interfaces. Moreover, CeF3 can modulate electron distribution of Ni3N, thus simultaneously enhancing the surface adsorption kinetics and capability of methanol and OH−, which is conducive to enhanced methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) activity and selectivity. Therefore, bifunctional CeF3@Ni3N/CC exhibits low potential of 1.43 V at 500 mA cm−2, along with high stability over 72 h and high faradaic efficiency (FEs) in MOR, as well as an overpotential of 76 mV to achieve 50 mA cm−2 for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Furthermore, membrane‐free CeF3@Ni3N/CC||CeF3@Ni3N/CC cell for MOR||HER delivers high electrocatalytic activity, long‐term stability and FEs at high current density of 300 mA cm−2. This study highlights the importance of optimizing surface adsorption behavior of active species, as well as rational design of highly efficient heterostructure electrocatalysts for methanol upgrading coupled with hydrogen production.
Anion‐Tailored EDL Induced Triple‐Layer SEI on High‐Capacity Anodes Enabling Fast‐Charging and Durable Sodium‐Storage
Authors: Luo Jun , Yang Kaiwei , Gai Jingjing , Zhang Xixue , Peng Chengbin , Qin Changdong , Ding Yang , Yuan Yifei , Xie Zhengkun , Yan Pengfei , Cao Yuliang , Lu Jun , Chen Weihua
Published: November 2024

High‐capacity electrodes face a great challenge of cycling stability due to particle fragmentation induced conductive network failure and accompanied by sustained electrolyte decomposition for repeatedly build solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Herein, Se‐solubility induced Sex2− as self‐adjustment electrolyte additive to regulate electric double layer (EDL) for constructing novel triple‐layer SEI (inner layer: Se; mediate layer: inorganic; outer layer: organic) on high‐capacity FeS2 anode as an example for achieving stable and fast sodium storage. In detail, Sex2− in situ generated at 1.30 V (vs. Na+/Na) and was preferentially adsorbed onto EDL of anode, then converted to Se0 as inner layer of SEI. In addition, the Sex2− causes anion‐enhanced Na+ solvation structure could produce more inorganic (Se0, NaF) and less organic SEI components. The unique triple‐layer SEI with layer‐by‐layer dense structure alleviate the excessive electrolyte consumption with less gas evolution. As a result, the anode delivered long‐lifespan at 10 A g−1 (383.7 mAh g−1, 6000 cycles, 93.1 %, 5 min/cycle). The Se‐induced triple‐layer SEI could be also be formed on high‐capacity SnS2 anode. This work provides a novel SEI model by anion‐tailored EDL towards stable sodium‐storage of high‐capacity anode for fast‐charging.
Plants, plant‐derived compounds, probiotics, and postbiotics as green agents to fight against poultry coccidiosis: A review
Authors: Chen Pan , Liu Kaili , Yue Taojing , Lu Yanan , Li Senyang , Jian Fuchun , Huang Shucheng
Published: November 2024

The intestinal tract is the main place for animals to digest food and absorb nutrients, which also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens that invade the internal environment. Therefore, normal intestinal structure and function are essential for animal health. Poultry coccidiosis is an intestinal disease primarily caused by the parasitization of intestinal epithelial cells by protozoa of the genus Eimeria. The occurrence of coccidiosis not only compromises the intestinal integrity of poultry but also increases their disease susceptibility, thus posing a serious threat to the overall health and productivity of poultry. Nowadays, the primary methods for controlling and preventing coccidiosis in poultry are anticoccidial drugs or live oocyst vaccines. However, the use of the former may be associated with problems of resistance and drug residues, while the use of the latter may cause intestinal damage and significantly increase farming costs. For these reasons, it is critical to investigate green, safe, and cost‐effective natural alternative strategies such as phytochemicals and probiotics for controlling coccidiosis as well as mitigating the deleterious effects of coccidial infections in production. In this review, we aim to summarize the role, mechanisms, and therapeutic potential of natural products in the treatment of coccidiosis to lay a theoretical foundation for effective coccidiosis control.
Darolutamide in Japanese patients with metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer: Phase 3 ARASENS subgroup analysis
Authors: Uemura Motohide , Kikukawa Hiroaki , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Uemura Hiroji , Mizokami Atsushi , Kato Masashi , Matsushima Hisashi , Kosaka Takeo , Nakamura Motonobu , Fukasawa Satoshi , Smith Matthew R. , Tombal Bertrand , Hussain Maha , Saad Fred , Fizazi Karim , Sternberg Cora N. , Crawford E. David , Kakiuchi Haruka , Akiyama Masanao , Li Rui , Kuss Iris , Joensuu Heikki , Suzuki Hiroyoshi
Published: November 2024

Background

In the global ARASENS study (NCT02799602), darolutamide plus androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) and docetaxel significantly reduced risk of death by 32.5% versus placebo plus ADT and docetaxel (hazard ratio [HR] 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57–0.80; p < 0.0001), with a favorable safety profile in patients with metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). We investigated outcomes in Japanese participants.

Methods

Patients were randomized 1:1 to oral darolutamide 600 mg twice daily or placebo, plus ADT and docetaxel. The primary endpoint was overall survival.

Results

The Japanese subgroup comprised 148 patients (darolutamide 63, placebo 85). In the Japanese versus overall population, more patients were aged ≥75 years (darolutamide/placebo 35%/22% vs. 16%/17%) and had body mass index <25 kg/m2 (78%/79% vs. 46%/43%), The ECOG performance status 0 (92%/88% vs. 72%/71%), de novo mHSPC (95%/97% vs. 86%/87%), and Gleason score ≥8 (94%/92% vs. 78%/79%). Median treatment duration was 43.3/15.4 months for darolutamide/placebo. The overall survival HR for darolutamide versus placebo was 0.91 (95% CI 0.50–1.64), despite 85% of patients in the placebo group receiving subsequent life‐prolonging therapy. Darolutamide prolonged time to castration‐resistant prostate cancer (HR 0.31; 95% CI 0.17–0.55). Treatment‐emergent adverse event incidences were generally similar between groups. Adverse events known to be associated with docetaxel (e.g., neutropenia) were more frequent in the Japanese versus overall population.

Conclusion

In conclusion, efficacy outcomes showed positive trends for darolutamide plus ADT and docetaxel in Japanese patients with mHSPC, consistent with the overall population, despite higher risk factors. The combination was well tolerated, with no new safety signals in Japanese patients.
Identification and Experimental Validation of Prognostic miRNA Signature and Ferroptosis‐Related Key Genes in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Guo Yan , Han Yana , Zhang Junjie , Zhou Yanbin , Wei Meiyan , Yu Lijun
Published: November 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of miRNAs and ferroptosis‐related genes in cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods

We mined data from public databases for differentially expressed miRNAs, ferroptosis‐related genes, and clinical parameters and constructed a prognostic risk model. The predictive performance of the model was evaluated using survival and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. We combined the clinicopathological features to construct a nomogram and evaluated its efficacy using calibration and clinical decision curves. The correlation between miRNA characteristics, risk score, and the tumor microenvironment was also studied. Next, consensus and key genes were screened, and their biological functions were analyzed using KEGG, GO, GSEA, and drug sensitivity analysis. Finally, the expression of miRNAs and key genes was detected using qRT‐PCR and western blotting to verify the prediction results.

Results

Seven miRNA signatures (miR‐100‐3p, miR‐301a‐5p, miR‐331‐3p, miR‐425‐5p, miR‐502‐3p, miR‐505‐5p, and miR‐629‐3p) were generated, and prognostic risk and nomogram models were successfully constructed. These models exhibited good accuracy. miRNA signatures correlated with the tumor microenvironment. Twelve consensus genes and three key genes (SLC2A1, ANO6, and TXNIP) were screened and their biofunctional diversity was identified using various analytical methods. qRT‐PCR and western blotting were used to verify the expression of miR‐301a‐5p, miR‐505‐5p, SLC2A1, and TXNIP in cervical squamous carcinoma. The results were consistent with those of bioinformatics analyses.

Conclusions

Seven miRNAs may serve as prognostic biomarkers of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. SLC2A1, ANO6, and TXNIP are associated with cervical squamous cell carcinoma and may serve as ferroptosis‐related markers of the disease.
Enrichment, Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Flavonoids from Artemisia Selengensis Turcz.
Authors: Wang Ting , Wang Weiming , Shi Zhichun , Wang Dan , Li Jun , Sun Liqiu , Zhao Ming
Published: November 2024

Macroporous resin was used to enrich flavonoids in the ethyl acetate extract of Artemisia Selengensis Turcz. Based on a single factor experiment, the enrichment process was optimized using the response surface method. The optimal parameters of the enrichment process were a sample concentration of 0.3 mg/mL, a loading rate of 1 mL/min, an elution flow rate of 2 mL/min, and a total flavonoid content of 155.38±0.97 mg/g. The flavonoids enriched by AB‐8 macroporous resin demonstrated significant scavenging activities against DPPH, ABTS+, and hydroxyl free radicals, and also exhibited certain inhibitory effects on α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase. Among them, the scavenging ability of the flavonoids enriched by AB‐8 macroporous resin on hydroxyl free radical (IC50=30.31±1.92 μg/mL) was the closest to Vc, and the inhibitory effect on α‐glucosidase (IC50=16.19±1.35 μg/mL) was the best. These findings confirmed the potential of Artemisia Selengensis Turcz. was a natural antioxidant and hypoglycemic drug.
Exploring the Antisnake Venom Potential of Zingiber officinale and its Bioactive Compounds Against Naja nigricollis Venom Through Computational Approaches and Experimental Validation
Authors: Yusuf Amina J. , Ibrahim Nasir , Abdullahi Musa I. , Adeboyega Abayomi E. , Salihu Mustapha
Published: November 2024

Snakebite envenomation remains a significant medical challenge, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. The present study investigates the inhibitory potential of Zingiber officinale (ginger) and its bioactive compounds against Naja nigricollis venom using in silico approaches and animal models. No protection was observed in the in vivo studies but the extract of the plant was able to prolong the time of death with mean survival time ranging from 2.01–2.83 hours. In terms of the in vitro studies, the extract was able to significantly (p<0.05) detoxify the N. nigricollis venom by 80 % at the graded doses; standard antisnake venom (ASV) offered 100 % protection to mice. Molecular docking analysis revealed strong binding affinities between the bioactive compounds and the PLA2 enzyme, indicating potential inhibitory effects. The stability and dynamics of the protein‐ligand complexes were further validated through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, which confirmed the persistence of these interactions over time. In conclusion, the findings suggest that the bioactive compounds from Z. officinale could serve as promising inhibitors of PLA2, providing a foundation for the development of novel snakebite envenomation therapies.
Behavioral health training for integrated behavioral health: A Delphi study
Authors: Schmoyer Nicholas , Corbin Lisa , Huffman Jessica , Kemer Gülşah
Published: November 2024

Using a classical Delphi design, the authors used an interdisciplinary panel of behavioral health experts in integrated behavioral health (IBH) to identify foundational skills and knowledge counselor educators need to teach clinical mental health counselors for IBH practice. Eighty‐eight statements were identified. Implications are provided for counseling and other behavioral health educators.
Modulating the Supramolecular Assembly of α‐Cyclodextrin and Anderson‐type Polyoxometalate through Covalent Modifications
Authors: Liu Chun‐Yan , Mu Yun‐Jing , Chen Wu‐Ji , Yin Yi‐An , Lin Chang‐Gen , Miras Haralampos N. , Song Yu‐Fei
Published: November 2024

A series of unprecedented supramolecular complexes of covalently modified Anderson‐type polyoxometalates (POMs) and α‐cyclodextrins (α‐CDs) have been obtained and characterized in solid state by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and in aqueous solution using various techniques including 1H DOSY NMR, 2D NOESY 1H NMR, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and electrospray ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectroscopy (ESI‐TOF‐MS). It has been demonstrated that the supramolecular assembly process could be modulated by different covalent modification modes of the Anderson POMs, giving rise to a new type of POM/α‐CD complexes featuring organic‐inorganic pseudo‐rotaxane structures, which are in good contrast to those of POM/γ‐CD complexes of poly‐rotaxane structures. Moreover, it is delighted to find that these pseudo‐rotaxanes of POM/α‐CD complexes exhibit stable chirality in aqueous solution, which has not been accomplished in previously reported POM/CD assemblies.
Vapour–liquid equilibrium using quantum chemical molecular dynamics simulation and radial distribution function analysis
Authors: Kim Byoung Chul , Jeong Su Yeong , Jin Cho Won , Kim Jeom‐Soo , Kim Young Han
Published: November 2024

Instead of the classical molecular simulation widely implemented for estimating the vapour–liquid equilibrium (VLE), a quantum chemical (QC) molecular dynamics simulation was applied to the VLE estimation in three typical systems that include a deep eutectic solvent (DES) and an ionic liquid (IL). In addition, a radial distribution function (RDF) was derived from the QC simulation to examine the molecular behaviour in the liquid phase. A mean absolute error of 2.72% was obtained from the QC simulation compared to the experimental data. The RDF analysis explains the relative volatility increase of the acetic acid and water binary system with the propyl acetate solvent. This analysis indicated that the DES mixture comprising glycerol and choline chloride facilitated the separation of water and i‐propanol. The interaction between water and ethyl sulphate pair with the help of 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium as an IL is stronger than that between ethanol and water, which explains how the IL improves ethanol and water separation in the vapour phase.
Copper‐Catalyzed Ring‐Opening Hydrosilylation and Hydroboration of Arylidenecyclopropanes
Authors: Xiao Zhen‐Yu , Wang Zi‐Lu , Xu Yun‐He
Published: November 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Arylidenecyclopropanes (ACPs) are highly strained substrates that can be readily utilized for diverse transformations. This study showcases the outcomes of copper‐catalyzed ring‐opening hydrosilylation and hydroboration reactions of ACPs, showcasing precise cleavage of C—C bonds. The reaction presents an effective and convenient method for producing homoallylic silanes and boronates.
Analyses of Off‐Target Effects on Cardiac and Skeletal Muscles by Berberine, a Drug Used to Treat Cancers and Induce Weight Loss
Authors: Wang Jushuo , Fan Yingli , Dube Syamalima , Benz Patricia , Dube Dipak , Sanger Jean M. , Sanger Joseph W.
Published: November 2024

Previous reports from our laboratory describing the formation of myofibrils in cultured embryonic cardiac and skeletal muscle cells have proposed that myofibrillogenesis occurs in three steps of increasing protein organization: beginning with premyofibrils, followed by nascent myofibrils, and ending in mature myofibrils. Inhibitors of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) prevented nascent myofibrils from progressing directly to mature myofibrils in cultured cardiac and skeletal muscle cells, supporting a three‐step model of assembly in which some of the proteins in nascent myofibrils are proteolyzed to allow the assembly of mature myofibrils. Application of UPS inhibitors on cultured muscle cells suggests possible explanations for the off‐target cardiac and skeletal muscle adverse effects of UPS drugs, which are used on cancer patients. Berberine, a plant derivative, has been used to treat various cancers, including multiple myelomas. In contrast to the use of UPS drugs, success was reported with Berberine in multiple myeloma patients with no off‐target effects on their hearts. We have exposed cultured cardiac and skeletal muscle cells to Berberine, a ligase inhibitor of UHRF1 (ubiquitin‐like with PHD and RING finger domains). Berberine inhibited myofibril assembly at the nascent myofibril stage in embryonic skeletal muscle cells but had no effect in the assembly of mature myofibrils in embryonic heart cells. RT‐PCR experiments demonstrated Berberine inhibition of mRNA for muscle myosin II heavy chains but not for muscle actin mRNA in skeletal muscle cells. Berberine is also being used as a popular weight losing compound, because it is much cheaper and available without a prescription than the semaglutide containing weight losing drugs (Wegovy and Ozempic). In contrast to Berberine, semaglutide had no effects on myofibril assembly in culture assays for both cardiac and skeletal muscle cells. We postulate that analyses of cultured embryonic cardiac and skeletal muscle cells will provide a preclinical assay for the testing of novel cancer drugs with improved outcomes for patients, an important goal for cancer therapeutics.
Structure‐activity‐relationships of the Stability of Six Pentathiepins Towards Glutathione: Possible Correlations with Biological Activities
Authors: Napierkowski Martin , Schöne Tom , Bandaru Siva Sankar Murthy , Judernatz Jo , Schulig Lukas , Schmidt Louis , Schulzke Carola , Bednarski Patrick J.
Published: November 2024

The biological properties of pentathiepins have been intensively studied in recent years. Although the proposed mechanism of action requires activation by intracellular thiols, the dependence of activity on the stability of pentathiepins towards glutathione (GSH) has not been directly investigated. Here, we determined the structure‐related stability of six different pentathiepins with four different scaffolds in the presence of GSH by using reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) and UV‐vis spectroscopy over a wide range of GSH concentrations. We found significant differences in compound stability depending on the pentathiepin scaffold; these differences were reflected in their cytotoxic activities. However, we found no substantial differences in their inhibition of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx‐1). While the intact pentathiepin ring is necessary for the antiproliferative activity of pentathiepins, the depletion of intracellular GSH content with dl‐buthionine‐(S,R)‐sulfoximine (BSO) led to a significant increase in cytotoxicity of the tested substances. In view of the increased cytotoxicity following artificial GSH depletion, this calls into question the sole role of GSH in the intracellular activation mechanism.
New Indole‐Based Phenylthiazolyl‐2,4‐dihydropyrazolones as Tubulin polymerization inhibitors: Multicomponent Synthesis, Cytotoxicity Evaluation, and in silico Studies
Authors: Bakchi Bulti , Devabattula Geetanjali , Maddipatla Sarvan , Singampalli Anuradha , Kumar Porna Dileep , Nanduri Srinivas , Sharma Anamika , Godugu Chandraiah , Yaddanapudi Venkata Madhavi
Published: November 2024

A facile multicomponent synthesis of new indole‐based phenylthiazolyl‐dihydropyrazolone hybrids, their structural characterization, biological evaluation, and in silico investigations as anticancer agents are reported. Lead molecule 5 i of the series showed potent activity against MCF‐7 breast cancer cells with an IC50 of 3.92±0.01 μM while showing minimal toxicity to normal human lung cells (IC50=69.85±3.95 μM). Further studies show that the compound exhibits antiproliferative activity by inducing apoptosis in MCF‐7 cancer cells. The wound healing assay indicated impaired cell migration under the concentration‐dependent dosage. The lead molecule 5 i also successfully inhibited the tubulin polymerase enzyme with an IC50 of 4.16±0.18 μM. A flow cytometric assay indicated compound 5 i induced apoptosis through G0 phase cell cycle arrest. The binding mode and interactions of the compound with the tubulin were predicted by molecular modelling and calculating binding free energies. These findings explain the current series as a new class of microtubule polymerization inhibitors with anticancer activity suitable for developing anticancer agents targeting tubulin.
Parameter Dependency of Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 in Acetonitrile – A Data Driven Approach
Authors: Deacon‐Price Connor , Mijatović Aleksandra , Hoefsloot Huub C. J. , Rothenberg Gadi , Garcia Amanda C.
Published: November 2024

The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is a promising technology for the utilization of captured CO2. Though systems using aqueous electrolytes is the state‐of‐the‐art, CO2RR in aprotic solvents are a promising alternative that can avoid the parallel hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). While system parameters, such as electrolyte composition, electrode material, and applied potential are known to influence the reaction mechanism, there is a lack of intuitive understanding as to how. We show that by using multivariate data analysis on a large dataset collected from the literature, namely random forest modelling, the most important system parameters can be isolated for each possible product. We find that water content, current density, and applied potential are powerful determinants in the reaction pathway, and therefore in the Faradaic efficiency of CO2RR products.
AAP, HHS warn against expulsions and suspensions
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2024

Last fall the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) issued an important policy statement giving guidance to schools — and parents — on student suspension and expulsion. These two consequences for unacceptable student behavior are severe, and traditionally reserved for “behaviors that caused serious harm, such as bringing a weapon to school.” Suspension and expulsion exclude the student from school.
FDA warns against accidental overdose on fentanyl patches by children
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2024

“Accidental exposure to medication is a leading cause of poisoning in children,” the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warned in a September 2024 announcement about fentanyl skin patches. “Young children, in particular, have died or become seriously ill after being exposed to a skin patch containing fentanyl, a powerful opioid pain reliever. If you suspect that a child has been exposed to a fentanyl patch, call 911 and seek emergency medical help immediately.
Enhancement of the Plant‐Accessible Phosphate Fraction in Sewage Sludge Ashes by Na+ or K+ Addition Prior to Combustion
Authors: Bier‐Schorr Lorenz , Gräser Viktoria , Scherer‐Lorenzen Michael , Hajek Peter , Kurz Philipp
Published: November 2024

With the aim of transforming sewage sludge into a P‐fertiliser material in a single combustion step, the chemical processes underlying sewage sludge combustion were analysed using powder X‐ray diffraction (P‐XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimetric (TGA) as well as elemental analyses (EA). In addition to the combustion of sewage sludge on its own (“mono‐combustion”), additions of different additives prior to the combustion step were also carried out. Based on the very positive effects of the additives sodium and potassium carbonate on the obtained ashes concerning their phosphate solubilities in neutral ammonium citrate (NAC) solution, sewage sludge combustions after additions of Na2CO3 or K2CO3 were investigated in detail. We found that these additions altered the main phosphate‐containing product found in the ashes from whitlockite (Ca9(Mg,Fe)(PO3OH)(PO4)6), a hardly plant‐accessible species, to other phosphate containing compounds such as buchwaldite (CaNaPO4), which is known for a long time as a very good P–source for plants. Consecutive greenhouse experiments with maize (Zea mays L.) as test plant confirmed the results of the chemical analyses and demonstrated that Na‐ or K‐ashes obtained from a “co‐combustion” of sewage sludge mixed with alkali carbonates exhibit relative P‐fertilising efficiencies of up to ~80 % in comparison to commercial superphosphate, making these materials promising surrogate phosphate mineral sources for agricultural production.
Synergistic Interplay between Fe‐Based Perovskite Oxides and Co in Electrolyte for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Inoue Yuta , Miyahara Yuto , Miyazaki Kohei , Lee Changhee , Sakamoto Ryo , Abe Takeshi
Published: November 2024

Perovskite oxides have been extensively investigated as active electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline solution. While the OER activity of some perovskite oxides is positively influenced by Fe ions in the electrolyte, the impact of other transition metal ions in the electrolyte remains unclear. In this study, we compared the influence of Co ions intentionally added to the electrolyte on the OER activities of two Fe‐based perovskite oxides (Ba0.5Sr0.5FeO3−δ and LaFeO3). While the OER activity of Ba0.5Sr0.5FeO3−δ is significantly enhanced by adding Co ions to the electrolyte, LaFeO3 showed little difference in the OER behavior between the Co‐free and Co‐containing electrolytes. In the case of Ba0.5Sr0.5FeO3−δ, an amorphous layer was formed, and the Co ions from the electrolyte were incorporated on the surface as a result of OER cycling. On the other hand, Co ions were also detected on the surface of LaFeO3, but its crystalline structure remains unchanged during the OER. Our study suggests that synergistic interplay between the perovskite oxides undergoing a structural transformation at the surface and transition metal ions in the electrolyte can improve the OER activity.
Optimized Design of Full‐Bridge LLC Planar Transformer Based on Variable‐Width Windings
Authors: Yi Mingjian , Yang Ru , Zhou Lebao , Yang Hong , Chen Dongli
Published: November 2024

To address the issue of significant loss increase in planar transformers at high frequencies in LLC resonant converters, the winding width of the transformer was optimized. This design minimizes losses due to eddy currents and skin effects, thereby optimizing the transmission efficiency of the LLC resonant converter. This paper developed a mathematical model of the transformer windings, analyzed the losses in the windings and the core of the planar transformer, and summarized the design rules for three commonly used winding geometries. By determining the optimal winding width, the transformer losses were optimized. Using the finite element simulation software Maxwell3D, a 3D simulation model of the transformer was constructed. The simulation results were compared, and a 500‐W full‐bridge LLC prototype was built to validate the principles summarized in the paper.
Monolithically Integrated Quantum Dots in a 22‐nm Fully Depleted Silicon‐on‐Insulator Process Operating at 3 K
Authors: Bashir Imran , Sokolov Andrii , Wu Xutong , Giounanlis Panagiotis , Petropoulos Nikolaos , Leipold Dirk , Asker Mike , Esmailiyan Ali , Andrade‐Miceli Dennis , Haenlein Hans‐Christoph , McGeough Conor , Bogdan Staszewski Robert , Blokhina Elena
Published: November 2024

Quantum computers comprising large‐scale arrays of qubits will enable complex algorithms to be executed to provide a quantum advantage for practical applications. A prerequisite for this milestone is a power‐efficient qubit control and detection system operating at cryogenic temperatures. Implementing such systems in complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) technology offers clear advantages in terms of scalability. Here, we present a fully integrated quantum dot array in which silicon quantum wells are co‐located with control and detection circuitry on the same die in a commercial 22‐nm fully depleted silicon‐on‐insulator (FDSOI) process. Our system comprises a two‐dimensional quantum dot array, integrated with 8 detectors and 32 injectors, operating at 3 K inside a cryo‐cooler. The power consumption of the control and detection circuitry is 2.5 mW per qubit without body biasing. The design utilizes 0.8‐V nominal devices. The setup allows us to verify discrete charge injection control and detection at the quantum dot array and demonstrate the feasibility of this architecture for scaling up the existing quantum core to hundreds and thousands of physical qubits.
Assessment of Serum FABP‐4 Levels in Hypothyroidism Patients: A Comparative Analysis With a Control Group and Their Correlation With Liver Function Tests and Biochemical Factors
Authors: Aldulaimi Mundher Mohammad Hamzeh , Shafiei Afsaneh , Ghorbani Somayeh , Mohammadzadeh Fatima , Khajeniazi Safoura
Published: November 2024

Background

The association of serum FABP4 and other biochemical‐related parameters is important to determine complications of hypothyroidism. This study aimed to evaluate serum FABP‐4 levels in hypothyroidism patients in comparison with a control group.

Materials and Methods

Forty‐five patients with hypothyroidism and 45 healthy volunteers were included in this study. Liver function tests, thyroid hormones panel, lipid profile and serum FABP‐4 levels were measured and compared in both groups, and their correlations were analysed.

Results

Serum FABP‐4 levels were significantly higher in patients with hypothyroidism compared to the control group (p = 0.002), and serum FABP‐4 level in males was higher than it in females (p = 0.022). There was a significant difference between patients with hypothyroidism and the control group in the levels of AST (p = 0.012). Moreover, serum FABP‐4 levels were negatively correlated with age (p = 0.016) and positively correlated with weight (p = 0.044).

Conclusion

In our study, there was a notable increase in serum FABP‐4 concentration among hypothyroidism subjects. The data suggest that FABP‐4 could potentially be a superior diagnostic indicator for hypothyroidism when contrasted with a control cohort in future studies.
Dapagliflozin alleviates high‐fat‐induced obesity cardiomyopathy by inhibiting ferroptosis
Authors: Chen Di , Shi Jiahao , Wu Yue , Miao Lizhu , Wang Zilin , Wang Yixuan , Xu Siwei , Lou Yu
Published: November 2024

Aim: Dapagliflozin (Dapa) is a novel hypoglycaemic agent with multiple cardiovascular protective effects, and it is widely used in treatment of heart failure patients, but whether it can improve obese phenotype of heart failure and its mechanism is still unclear. Ferroptosis is an iron dependent form of cell death and has been proved to be an important role in heart failure. The aim of this study is to determine whether Dapa improves obesity‐related heart failure by regulating ferroptosis in high‐fat diet rats. Methods and results: Male SD rats were fed a high‐fat diet for 12 weeks and confirmed of obese heart failure by metabolic parameters and cardiac ultrasound. Being overweight by 20% compared with the normal group, with elevated systolic blood pressure and abnormal levels of insulin and blood lipid (TG and LDL‐c), is recognized as obesity. The obese rats with reduced EF, FS, and E/A shown on ultrasound are defined as the obese heart failure (OHF) group. Histological tests confirmed the more pronounced cardiac fibrosis, mitochondrial volume and collagen deposition in OHF group. Dapa treatment effectively reduced body weight, INS, ISI/IRI index, TG and HDL‐C levels (P < 0.05). Also, Dapa administration can slightly decrease the SBP and DBP levels; however, there was no statistical difference among those four groups. Furthermore, Dapa treatment can significantly improve high‐fat induced systolic and diastolic dysfunction via regulating cardiac histological abnormalities, including less obvious mitochondrial swelling, muscle fibre dissolution and collagen deposition. Additionally, genes from the OHF group were used by GO enrichment analysis, and it shows that ferroptosis metabolic pathway participated in the development of obese phenotype of heart failure. More importantly, Dapa significantly inhibited Fe2+ and MDA levels (P < 0.05), but augmented GSH content (P < 0.05). In addition, the mRNAs and protein expression of some important regulators of ferroptosis, like GPX4, SLC7A11, FTH1 and FPN1, were all decreased after Dapa intervention. Conclusion: Dapa improved high‐fat induced obese cardiac dysfunction via regulating ferroptosis pathway.
A Micro‐Flow Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Method for the Quantification of Oxylipins in Volume‐Limited Human Plasma
Authors: He Bingshu , Ramautar Rawi , Beekman Marian , Slagboom P. Eline , Harms Amy , Hankemeier Thomas
Published: November 2024

Oxylipins are well‐known lipid mediators in various inflammatory conditions. Their endogenous concentrations range from low picomolar to nanomolar, and there are growing demands to determine their concentrations in low‐volume matrices for pathological studies, including blood, cerebrospinal fluids from animal disease models, infants, and microsampling devices. Most of the published quantification methods for comprehensive profiling of oxylipins still require more than 50 µL plasma as a starting volume to detect these low levels. The aim of our study is to develop a sensitive and reliable method for the quantification of oxylipins in volume‐limited human plasma samples. We established and validated a micro–liquid chromatography (LC)–mass spectrometry (MS)/MS method that requires only 5 µL of human plasma for the determination of 66 oxylipins. The optimized micro‐LC–MS/MS method utilized a flow rate of 4 µL/min with a 0.3‐mm inner diameter column. With an injection volume of 3 µL, our method provides limits of detection in the range from 0.1 to 91.9 pM, and limits of quantification range from 0.3 to 306.2 pM. The sensitivity enhancement compared to conventional flow ranged from 1.4 to 180.7 times for 51 compounds depending on their physical–chemical properties. After validation, the method was applied to analyze 40 plasma samples from a healthy aging study to demonstrate robustness and sensitivity.
(Im)mobile intimacies: Commodities and marriage at the crossroads of Asia
Authors: Zhou Grace H.
Published: November 2024

This article follows traders and entrepreneurs that live and work between Kyrgyzstan and China's northwestern region of Xinjiang. Looking specifically at Islamic marriage and business partnerships forged between persecuted Uyghurs and their Uzbek partners, it argues that commodity‐mediated forms of transnational intimacy create spaces of safety and possibility in the face of political oppression, carceral violence, and gendered limitations. These transnational mobilities are forged in spite of structural immobilities. Taking seriously the imbrications of objects and people, it advances a view of intimacy as a multi‐scalar, trans‐subjective, and multiply entangled field of relationality.
Family Care Partner's Preparedness in Caring for Hospitalized Persons With Dementia
Authors: Paudel Anju , Al Harrasi Azza Mubarak , Kuzmik Ashley , Berish Diane , Yahaya Ahmed‐Rufai , Boltz Marie
Published: November 2024

Objectives

To examine care partner preparedness in caring for recently hospitalized persons with dementia and care partner characteristics associated with preparedness at discharge, 2 months, and 6 months post discharge.

Methods

Stepwise regression in a sample of 461 care partners of hospitalized persons with dementia who participated in the Fam‐FFC clinical trial.

Results

On average, care partners were 61.81 years old (SD = 14.19) and primarily female (n = 334, 72.5%). Care partners reported having some preparedness in general and it increased from discharge (23.75, SD = 6.78) to 2 months (24.5, SD = 6.49) and 6 months (26.35, SD = 6.73). Multiple care partner characteristics were associated with preparedness at discharge [age (b = −0.071; p < 0.001), burden (b = −0.283; p < 0.001), and depression (b = −0.284; p < 0.01)], 2 months [burden (b = −0.226; p < 0.001), strain (b = −0.144; p < 0.05), depression (b = −0.185; p < 0.05)] and 6 months [burden (b = −0.164; p < 0.01), strain (b = −0.183; p < 0.05), depression (b = −0.279; p < 0.01)] post discharge. While care partners' feelings of greater burden and depression were associated with lower preparedness at all time points, care partners' higher age was associated with lower preparedness at discharge only and care partners' feelings of higher strain was associated with lower preparedness at two and 6 months post discharge.

Conclusion

Findings suggest the need to address care partners' feelings of burden, strain, and depression with tailored interventions and programs to optimize their preparedness in meeting unique care needs of hospitalized persons with dementia. Resilience‐based interventions and programs can be useful to manage feelings of burden, strain, and depression and optimize preparedness.
America's Health at a Crossroads: What Trump's Second Term Means for the Future
Authors: Correia Tiago , Novotny Thomas E. , McKee Martin
Published: November 2024

In this editorial, we explore the profound implications of Donald Trump’s re‐election on the U.S. health policy landscape. Recalling the lessons of his first term, marked by a contentious response to COVID‐19 and challenges in reducing healthcare costs, we assess the potential trajectories of his administration's health agenda. With a focus on deregulation, market‐based approaches, and possible shifts in public health infrastructure, the stakes are high not only for American citizens but also for global health. As Trump's policies unfold, both national and international audiences must confront a complex future that tests resilience, equity, and public trust in health governance.
Patterns of professional identity in school counselors: A latent profile analysis
Authors: Um Byeolbee , Li Dan
Published: November 2024

Understanding school counselors’ professional identity development is important to promote positive work‐related outcomes and provide appropriate support for more quality school counseling services. The purpose of this study was to examine the patterns of professional identity in school counselors. As a result of latent profile analysis using a sample of school counselors (N = 343), we found five types of professional identity, including (1) Well‐Developed (n = 99; 28.9%), (2) High Competence (n = 53; 15.5%), (3) Moderate (n = 156; 45.5%), (4) Professionally Disconnected (n = 18; 5.2%), and (5) Vulnerable (n = 17; 5.0%). Based on the profiles, we identified significant differences in their work‐related attitudes and experiences (i.e., burnout, stress, job satisfaction, and years of school counseling experience), but there were no significant differences in demographics except for the American School Counselor Association membership. Implications and recommendations for counseling professionals are suggested.
Undergraduate general medicine education in Japan: A nationwide cross‐sectional survey of medical trainees' perspectives
Authors: Fujikawa Hirohisa , Tamune Hidetaka , Nishizaki Yuji , Shikino Kiyoshi , Shimizu Taro , Yamamoto Yu , Tokuda Yasuharu
Published: November 2024

Background

The 2022 revised version of the Model Core Curriculum (MCC) for Medical Education in Japan includes “generalism” as a new expertise quality and ability, based on the results of surveys of experts in health professions education. However, the perspectives of medical trainees under the pre‐2022 MCC revision were under‐examined. Here, we investigated what these trainees felt they had learned about general medicine (GM)‐related topics.

Methods

We performed a nationwide cross‐sectional study using an anonymous online questionnaire, which was developed with reference to the 2022 revised MCC. The questionnaire consisted of 14 items. For all items, we asked, “Did you learn enough during medical school?” Respondents were asked to respond on a 5‐point Likert scale (from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree).

Results

Three hundred and eighty‐six participants (response rate 55.4%) were included in the analysis. For the item “Behavioral science,” the number of participants who chose “3 = neither agree nor disagree” was highest, at 171 (44.3%) and with an average of 3.28, indicating that this item was perceived as insufficiently studied. Approximately half of the participants chose “4 = agree” for all items other than “Behavioral science.”

Conclusions

The study suggested that behavioral science may be underlearned among medical trainees of the pre‐2022 MCC generation. Medical educators in Japan should formulate curricula in accordance with the 2022 revision MCC and improve curricula regarding behavioral science. Future research should survey the generation of trainees who receive 2022 revision MCC‐compliant medical education; comparison of results with those of this study would be valuable in examining the effects of the revised guideline and inform international medical educators.
Single Ended Read Decoupled High Stable 9T CNTFET SRAM for Low Power Applications
Authors: Elangovan M. , Akash E. , El‐Meligy Mohammed , Sharaf Mohamed
Published: November 2024

In wireless sensor networks, conserving power is vital for prolonging battery life. This research introduces a groundbreaking solution: a 9T carbon nanotube‐field effect transistor (CNTFET) based SRAM cell (9T SRAM) designed to optimize power consumption and stability. Through meticulous analysis, the performance of this 9T SRAM cell is quantified. Power consumption metrics reveal impressive figures: the write, hold, read, and dynamic power are measured at 0.21 nW, 0.32 nW, 15.28 μW, and 8.09 μW, respectively. Furthermore, the Write SNM (WSNM), Hold SNM (HSNM), and Read SNM (RSNM) are found to be 380.11, 390.22, and 390.31 mV, respectively, indicating robust stability. The proposed bit cell has a write and read delay of 95.1 and 39.6 pS, respectively. Incorporating stacked transistors diminishes power consumption, while the decoupled read technique boosts the stability of the proposed bit cell. By comparing these results with existing SRAM cells, the superiority of the proposed 9T SRAM cell in terms of power efficiency becomes evident. Notably, it outperforms earlier models, making it an ideal candidate for integration into wireless sensor networks. These findings are supported by simulations conducted using HSPICE, alongside a 32 nm CNTFET model sourced from Stanford University.
Investigating the role of electroanatomical mapping in single‐shot pulsed field catheter ablation
Authors: Kariki Ourania , Mililis Panagiotis , Saplaouras Athanasios , Efremidis Theodoros , Chatziantoniou Anastasios , Panagiotopoulos Ioannis , Dragasis Stylianos , Letsas Konstantinos P. , Efremidis Michael
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is a form of nonthermal energy that has been recently introduced for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). A multi‐electrode pentaspline catheter for delivery of PFA guided by fluoroscopy has become widely available for clinical use.

Methods and Results

In this study, we aimed to assess whether the addition of electroanatomical mapping (EAM) for confirmation of PVI in the acute phase can increase the efficacy of the procedure in terms of arrhythmia recurrences. A total of 51 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) scheduled for first time PVI were included in the study. Participants were assigned to receive PVI using fluoroscopy guidance only (Fluoro‐only group: 31 patients) or additional validation with EAM (EAM group: 20 patients). Endpoints included arrhythmia recurrence and procedural characteristics. During a 11.2 ± 1.3 months follow‐up period, arrhythmia recurrences did not statistically differ between groups (16.1% vs. 20%, p .72). Procedure time was longer in the EAM group (86.5 ± 11.4 vs. 78.4 ± 9.3 min, p .008). EAM revealed 5 nonisolated PVs that were re‐ablated using the same catheter. Four patients of the cohort underwent a redo‐procedure during the follow‐up period. In all 4 cases, at least one reconnected PV was identified.

Conclusion

In a cohort of patients with AF undergoing first time PVI using a pentaspline PFA catheter, PVI validation with EAM did not lead to significantly different arrhythmia recurrence rates compared to PVI without EAM. In the acute phase, the rate of nonisolated PVs was low.