КОРПУС ЛИЧНЫХ ЗАПИСЕЙ НА ПЕЧАТНЫХ КАЛЕНДАРЯХ XVIII - ТРЕТЬЕЙ ЧЕТВЕРТИ XIX В.: К ПОСТАНОВКЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ
Authors: И.А. ПОЛЯКОВ , М.А. СМИРНОВА 
Published: November 2024

Статья является первой попыткой исследования традиции ведения личных записей на печатных календарях XVIII - третьей четверти XIX в. Ранее отдельные памятники становились предметом изучения специалистов, часть их была опубликована, однако маргиналии являлись только источником фактологической информации. В течение последних пяти лет членам научного коллектива под руководством авторов статьи продолжается археографический поиск календарей с личными записями в библиотеках, архивах и музеях Российской Федерации. К настоящему времени выявлено и описано более 450 экз. В статье представлена предварительная оценка корпуса записей: численность, хронологические и географические границы, социальный состав авторов, сформулированы основные проблемы, связанные с исследованием календарей, предложена идея о каталогизации календарей в собраниях страны. Представляется, что поиск и анализ всех сохранившихся до настоящего времени записей позволят существенно пересмотреть сложившиеся представления о повседневных письменных практиках населения России в Новое время.

The article is the first attempt to study the tradition of keeping personal records on printed calendars from the 18th to the third quarter of the 19th centuries. Previously, individual monuments became the subject of study by specialists, and some of them were published, but the main interest of scientists was aimed at finding information about historical events, the lives and careers of their owners. The primary task of the study is a preliminary analysis of the array of identified sources (more than 450 items), a description of its features and problems associated with its study. Based on chronological, geographical and social diversity, a hypothesis is put forward about the widespread practice of keeping regular entries on calendars among the population of Russia from the 18th to the third quarter of the 19th centuries. Each feature of these sources is illustrated with examples from identified items. The choice of printed calendars (primarily one of their types - monthly calendars) for making entries has been determined by their convenient form and content. The structure of Russian calendars was based on European publishing experience. In conclusion, it is noted that the main problems in studying the tradition of keeping personal records on calendars are identification and cataloging. The first includes their wide distribution, the anonymity of most records and the dispersion of once unified complexes across scientific and cultural institutions of the Russian Federation. The second is the absence of catalogs and databases of records. The authors of the article formulate the idea of conducting a comprehensive search and analysis of all Russian printed calendars with records in the collections of the National Library of Russia. The aim is to answer the question whether it is possible, based on the materials of the NLR, which is the largest collection of Russian calendars, to draw general conclusions about the emergence, development and features of this tradition. The planned result of the work is a printed catalog with transliteration of all entries.