bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dopamine modulation of sensory processing and adaptive behavior in flies
Authors: Siju K. P. , De Backer Jean-Francois , Grunwald Kadow Ilona C.
Published: January 2021

Behavioral flexibility for appropriate action selection is an advantage when animals are faced with decisions that will determine their survival or death. In order to arrive at the right decision, animals evaluate information from their external environment, internal state, and past experiences. How these different signals are integrated and modulated in the brain, and how context- and state-dependent behavioral decisions are controlled are poorly understood questions. Studying the molecules that help convey and integrate such information in neural circuits is an important way to approach these questions. Many years of work in different model organisms have shown that dopamine is a critical neuromodulator for (reward based) associative learning. However, recent findings in vertebrates and invertebrates have demonstrated the complexity and heterogeneity of dopaminergic neuron populations and their functional implications in many adaptive behaviors important for survival. For example, dopaminergic neurons can integrate external sensory information, internal and behavioral states, and learned experience in the decision making circuitry. Several recent advances in methodologies and the availability of a synaptic level connectome of the whole-brain circuitry of Drosophila melanogaster make the fly an attractive system to study the roles of dopamine in decision making and state-dependent behavior. In particular, a learning and memory center—the mushroom body—is richly innervated by dopaminergic neurons that enable it to integrate multi-modal information according to state and context, and to modulate decision-making and behavior.
Odor hedonics coding in the vertebrate olfactory bulb
Authors: Kermen Florence , Mandairon Nathalie , Chalençon Laura
Published: January 2021

Whether an odorant is perceived as pleasant or unpleasant (hedonic value) governs a range of crucial behaviors: foraging, escaping danger, and social interaction. Despite its importance in olfactory perception, little is known regarding how odor hedonics is represented and encoded in the brain. Here, we review recent findings describing how odorant hedonic value is represented in the first olfaction processing center, the olfactory bulb. We discuss how olfactory bulb circuits might contribute to the coding of innate and learned odorant hedonics in addition to the odorant’s physicochemical properties.
Genetic influences of autism candidate genes on circuit wiring and olfactory decoding
Authors: Hartig Renée , Wolf David , Schmeisser Michael J. , Kelsch Wolfgang
Published: January 2021

Olfaction supports a multitude of behaviors vital for social communication and interactions between conspecifics. Intact sensory processing is contingent upon proper circuit wiring. Disturbances in genetic factors controlling circuit assembly and synaptic wiring can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), where impaired social interactions and communication are core symptoms. The variability in behavioral phenotype expression is also contingent upon the role environmental factors play in defining genetic expression. Considering the prevailing clinical diagnosis of ASD, research on therapeutic targets for autism is essential. Behavioral impairments may be identified along a range of increasingly complex social tasks. Hence, the assessment of social behavior and communication is progressing towards more ethologically relevant tasks. Garnering a more accurate understanding of social processing deficits in the sensory domain may greatly contribute to the development of therapeutic targets. With that framework, studies have found a viable link between social behaviors, circuit wiring, and altered neuronal coding related to the processing of salient social stimuli. Here, the relationship between social odor processing in rodents and humans is examined in the context of health and ASD, with special consideration for how genetic expression and neuronal connectivity may regulate behavioral phenotypes.
A research framework for projecting ecosystem change in highly diverse tropical mountain ecosystems
Authors: Bendix Jörg , Aguire Nicolay , Beck Erwin , Bräuning Achim , Brandl Roland , Breuer Lutz , Böhning-Gaese Katrin , de Paula Mateus Dantas , Hickler Thomas , Homeier Jürgen , Inclan Diego , Leuschner Christoph , Neuschulz Eike L. , Schleuning Matthias , Suarez Juan P. , Trachte Katja , Wilcke Wolfgang , Windhorst David , Farwig Nina
Published: January 2021

Tropical mountain ecosystems are threatened by climate and land-use changes. Their diversity and complexity make projections how they respond to environmental changes challenging. A suitable way are trait-based approaches, by distinguishing between response traits that determine the resistance of species to environmental changes and effect traits that are relevant for species' interactions, biotic processes, and ecosystem functions. The combination of those approaches with land surface models (LSM) linking the functional community composition to ecosystem functions provides new ways to project the response of ecosystems to environmental changes. With the interdisciplinary project RESPECT, we propose a research framework that uses a trait-based response-effect-framework (REF) to quantify relationships between abiotic conditions, the diversity of functional traits in communities, and associated biotic processes, informing a biodiversity-LSM. We apply the framework to a megadiverse tropical mountain forest. We use a plot design along an elevation and a land-use gradient to collect data on abiotic drivers, functional traits, and biotic processes. We integrate these data to build the biodiversity-LSM and illustrate how to test the model. REF results show that aboveground biomass production is not directly related to changing climatic conditions, but indirectly through associated changes in functional traits. Herbivory is directly related to changing abiotic conditions. The biodiversity-LSM informed by local functional trait and soil data improved the simulation of biomass production substantially. We conclude that local data, also derived from previous projects (platform Ecuador), are key elements of the research framework. We specify essential datasets to apply this framework to other mountain ecosystems.
Integrating stomatal physiology and morphology: evolution of stomatal control and development of future crops
Authors: Haworth Matthew , Marino Giovanni , Loreto Francesco , Centritto Mauro
Published: January 2021

Stomata are central players in the hydrological and carbon cycles, regulating the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) for photosynthesis and transpirative loss of water (H2O) between plants and the atmosphere. The necessity to balance water-loss and CO2-uptake has played a key role in the evolution of plants, and is increasingly important in a hotter and drier world. The conductance of CO2 and water vapour across the leaf surface is determined by epidermal and stomatal morphology (the number, size, and spacing of stomatal pores) and stomatal physiology (the regulation of stomatal pore aperture in response to environmental conditions). The proportion of the epidermis allocated to stomata and the evolution of amphistomaty are linked to the physiological function of stomata. Moreover, the relationship between stomatal density and [CO2] is mediated by physiological stomatal behaviour; species with less responsive stomata to light and [CO2] are most likely to adjust stomatal initiation. These differences in the sensitivity of the stomatal density—[CO2] relationship between species influence the efficacy of the ‘stomatal method’ that is widely used to infer the palaeo-atmospheric [CO2] in which fossil leaves developed. Many studies have investigated stomatal physiology or morphology in isolation, which may result in the loss of the ‘overall picture’ as these traits operate in a coordinated manner to produce distinct mechanisms for stomatal control. Consideration of the interaction between stomatal morphology and physiology is critical to our understanding of plant evolutionary history, plant responses to on-going climate change and the production of more efficient and climate-resilient food and bio-fuel crops.
Comparison of postoperative analgesic effects in response to either dexamethasone or dexmedetomidine as local anesthetic adjuvants: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Song Zhen-Guo , Pang Shen-Yue , Wang Gui-Yue , Zhang Zhao
Published: January 2021

This review compares the effects of peripheral dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine on postoperative analgesia. We included six randomized controlled trials (354 patients) through a systematic literature search. We found that analgesia duration was comparable between dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine (58.59 min, 95% CI (confidence interval), −  66.13, 183.31 min) with extreme heterogeneity. Secondary outcome was also compared and no significant difference was observed in sensory block onset and duration and motor block duration and also for postoperative nausea and vomiting. It is noteworthy that dexamethasone reduced analgesic consumption (fentanyl) by 29.12 mcg compared with dexmedetomidine. We performed subgroup analyses and found no significant difference between the following: (1) lidocaine vs ropivacaine (P = 0.28), (2) nerve block vs nerve block + general anesthesia (P = 0.47), and (3) upper limb surgery vs thoracoscopic pneumonectomy (P = 0.27). We applied trial sequential analysis to assess the risks of type I and II errors and concluded that the meta-analysis was insufficiently powered to answer the clinical question, and further analysis is needed to establish which adjuvant is better. In conclusion, we believe that existing research indicates that dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine have equivalent analgesic effects in peripheral nerve blocks.
Three-dimensional spiral CT observation of the facet joints of the lower cervical spine and its clinical significance
Authors: Wang Qiu An , Guo Chong , Sun Ma Ji , Yuan Feng
Published: January 2021

Objective

By observing the 3D anatomy of normal adult cervical facet joints, using the picture archiving and communication system to measure its 3D parameters and discussing its clinical significance, the aim of this study was to provide a reliable morphological basis for the design and manufacture of lower cervical facet joint interface distractors.

Methods

We selected 200 patients who underwent cervical spine 3D spiral computed tomography (CT) examination in the imaging department of our hospital from September 2019 to May 2020 and whose spiral CT images showed no cervical spinal canal stenosis, cervical disc herniation, obvious bone hyperplasia, or infection. The anterior and posterior diameters of the facet joints on both sides of the cervical spine, the space between the joints,
and the left and right diameters were measured on the sagittal, cross-sectional and coronal planes after reconstruction with 3D spiral CT.

Results

The anterior and posterior diameters of the facet joints of the cervical spine, the space between the joints, and the left and right diameters all increased from top to bottom along the cervical spine. The 3D parameters of the C2-3~C6-7 segments were significantly different between the male and female groups.

Conclusion

The anteroposterior diameter, joint space interval, and left and right diameter of cervical facet joints are different in each segment and between the sexes. The lower cervical facet joint interface fusion device designed according to the measurement results can fully meet the needs of most patients.
Huntington’s disease among immigrant groups and Swedish-born individuals: a cohort study of all adults 18 years of age and older in Sweden
Authors: Wändell Per , Fredrikson Sten , Carlsson Axel C. , Li Xinjun , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina
Published: January 2021

Background

There is a lack of studies of Huntington’s disease (HD) in immigrants.

Objective

To study the association between country of birth and incident HD in first-generation immigrants versus Swedish-born individuals and in second-generation immigrants versus Swedish-born individuals with Swedish-born parents.

Methods

Study populations included all adults aged 18 years and older in Sweden, i.e., in the first-generation study 6,042,891 individuals with 1034 HD cases and in the second-generation study 4,860,469 individuals with 1001 cases. HD was defined as having at least one registered diagnosis of HD in the National Patient Register. The incidence of HD in different first-generation immigrant groups versus Swedish-born individuals was assessed by Cox regression, expressed as hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The models were stratified by sex and adjusted for age, geographical residence in Sweden, educational level, marital status, and neighborhood socioeconomic status.

Results

Mean age-standardized incidence rates per 100,000 person-years were for all Swedish-born 0.82 and for all foreign born 0.53 and for all men 0.73 and for all women 0.81, with the highest incidence rates for the group 80–84 years of age. After adjusting for potential confounders, the HRs were lower in women in the first- and second-generation, i.e., 0.49 (95% CI 0.36–0.67) and 0.63 (95% 0.45–0.87), respectively, and also among women from Finland or with parents from Finland.

Significance

In general, the risk of HD was lower in first-generation and second-generation immigrant women but not among male immigrants.
The use of tidally induced vertical-mixing schemes in simulating the Pacific deep-ocean state
Authors: Osafune Satoshi , Sugiura Nozomi , Doi Toshimasa , Hemmi Tadashi , Masuda Shuhei
Published: January 2021

An optimization experiment was conducted to reproduce the climatological distribution of water properties with an ocean general circulation model in which interior vertical mixing below the surface mixed layer is represented by tidally induced near- and far-field vertical-mixing schemes. Globally constant parameters in the tidally induced mixing schemes along with other physical parameters are optimally estimated based on the Green’s function method. The optimized model performs reasonably well in reproducing the deep-water properties of the Pacific Ocean, suggesting that the combination of tidally induced vertical-mixing schemes is useful in providing a reliable simulation of the deep-ocean state, consistent with both observed broad-scale hydrographic characteristics and recent knowledge of mixing. Adjustment of the parameters in the near-field mixing scheme was effective in improving simulation of the deep-ocean state. These results suggest that the adjustment of a small number of globally constant parameters in tidally induced and other mixing schemes based on recent knowledge of mixing through data assimilation may enable improvements in ocean state estimation throughout the entire water column, including the deep ocean.
The effect of dietary phytochemicals on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation: a systematic review of human intervention trials
Authors: Clifford Tom , Acton Jarred P. , Cocksedge Stuart P. , Davies Kelly A. Bowden , Bailey Stephen J.
Published: January 2021

We conducted a systematic review of human trials examining the effects of dietary phytochemicals on Nrf2 activation. In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, Medline, Embase and CAB abstracts were searched for articles from inception until March 2020. Studies in adult humans that measured Nrf2 activation (gene or protein expression changes) following ingestion of a phytochemical, either alone or in combination were included. The study was pre-registered on the Prospero database (Registration Number: CRD42020176121). Twenty-nine full-texts were retrieved and reviewed for analysis; of these, eighteen were included in the systematic review. Most of the included participants were healthy, obese or type 2 diabetics. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Assessment tool. Twelve different compounds were examined in the included studies: curcumin, resveratrol and sulforaphane were the most common (n = 3 each). Approximately half of the studies reported increases in Nrf2 activation (n = 10); however, many were of poor quality and had an unclear or high risk of bias. There is currently limited evidence that phytochemicals activate Nrf2 in humans. Well controlled human intervention trials are needed to corroborate the findings from in vitro and animal studies.
A meta-analysis of induced achievement goals: the moderating effects of goal standard and goal framing
Authors: Noordzij Gera , Giel Lisenne , van Mierlo Heleen
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we present a meta-analysis of the motivational and performance effects of experimentally induced achievement goals and the moderating effects of goal standard and goal framing; comprising 90 studies which provided 235 effect sizes (11,247 participants). The findings show that, relative to performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals and no-goals, induced mastery-approach goals enhanced performance, but not motivation. With regards to the goal standard used in the inducement, mastery-approach goals related to better performance than performance-approach goals, when mastery-approach goals were based on task-referenced standards or when social comparison was used as a standard for inducing performance-approach goals. With regards to the goal framing used in the inducement, mastery-approach goals were more beneficial when achievement goals were induced by means of goal content. We therefore conclude that goal framing and goal standard should be taken into consideration in achievement goal research and practice.
Correction to: Potential reverse spillover of infectious bursal disease virus at the interface of commercial poultry and wild birds
Authors: Naggar Rania F. El , Rohaim Mohammed A. , Munir Muhammad
Published: January 2021

The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error in figure.
Surface accuracy optimization of mechanical parts with multiple circular holes for additive manufacturing based on triangular fuzzy number
Authors: Xu Jinghua , Sheng Hongsheng , Zhang Shuyou , Tan Jianrong , Deng Jinlian
Published: January 2021

Surface accuracy directly affects the surface quality and performance of mechanical parts. Circular hole, especially spatial non-planar hole set is the typical feature and working surface of mechanical parts. Compared with traditional machining methods, additive manufacturing (AM) technology can decrease the surface accuracy errors of circular holes during fabrication. However, an accuracy error may still exist on the surface of circular holes fabricated by AM due to the influence of staircase effect. This study proposes a surface accuracy optimization approach for mechanical parts with multiple circular holes for AM based on triangular fuzzy number (TFN). First, the feature lines on the manifold mesh are extracted using the dihedral angle method and normal tensor voting to detect the circular holes. Second, the optimal AM part build orientation is determined using the genetic algorithm to optimize the surface accuracy of the circular holes by minimizing the weighted volumetric error of the part. Third, the corresponding weights of the circular holes are calculated with the TFN analytic hierarchy process in accordance with the surface accuracy requirements. Lastly, an improved adaptive slicing algorithm is utilized to reduce the entire build time while maintaining the forming surface accuracy of the circular holes using digital twins via virtual printing. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is experimentally validated using two mechanical models.
Brain volumes in adults with congenital heart disease correlate with executive function abilities
Authors: Naef Nadja , Schlosser Ladina , Brugger Peter , Greutmann Matthias , Oxenius Angela , Wehrle Flavia , Kottke Raimund , Latal Beatrice , O’Gorman Ruth Tuura
Published: January 2021

Congenital heart disease is the most common birth defect, and patients are at risk for neurodevelopmental impairment and brain abnormalities. Yet, little is known about the link between brain volumes and cognitive function in adults with congenital heart disease. Forty-four patients and 53 controls between 18 and 32 years underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive testing, assessed with an intelligence quotient and executive function global score. Associations between brain volumes and cognitive function were calculated using linear models. Cognitive function in patients was within the normal range (intelligence quotient: 97.74 (10.76)). Total brain volume was significantly smaller in patients compared to controls (1067.26 (113.53) vs 1113.04 (97.88) cm3,P < 0.01), irrespective of cardiac factors (heart defect complexity, cyanosis, cardiopulmonary bypass: allP > 0.4). After adjusting for total brain volume, only corpus callosum volume remained significantly smaller (P = 0.03). Smaller total brain volume was associated with poorer overall executive functioning (P = 0.02) and inhibition (P < 0.01), in both patients and controls. The association between total brain volume and overall executive functioning was moderated by parental socioeconomic status (lower socioeconomic status was associated with a stronger association between brain volume and EF; interactionP = 0.03). In adults with congenital heart disease, despite normal intelligence quotient, brain volume alterations persist into adulthood and are related to executive functioning, in particular inhibitory control. Adults coming from low socioeconomic background and with altered brain volumes are especially vulnerable and should thus be followed-up during adulthood to ensure optimal social and educational support.
Approach to the numerical modelling of the chip temperatures in single grain scratching
Authors: Bergs Thomas , Röttger Jannik , Barth Sebastian , Prinz Sebastian
Published: January 2021

To achieve a fundamental understanding of the physical mechanisms and the heat generation in the contact zone during grinding, a large number of experimental and numerical investigations have been carried out to analyse the interaction of single grain and workpiece. Existing numerical models of the interaction between grain and workpiece do not represent the reality and especially the influence of the three-dimensional grain geometry on the temperatures during single grain scratching with sufficient accuracy. An experimental validation of the simulated temperatures has not been carried out yet as there is no appropriate method to measure them in experimental investigations. In this study, a three-dimensional FE-model of the interaction between CBN-grain and workpiece (100Cr6) in the grinding process is presented. The model predicts the chip temperatures for real grain geometries to investigate the interactions between grain and workpiece. The experiments to validate the model were carried out using a ratio pyrometer.
Imaging in Gender Affirmation Surgery
Authors: Hassan Omar , Sun Derek , Jha Priyanka
Published: January 2021

Purpose of Review

This review summarizes recent developments in gender affirmation surgery, imaging findings in patients undergoing these surgeries, focusing on common postoperative radiologic appearances, complications, and pitfalls in interpretation.

Recent Findings

The imaging workup of masculinizing and feminizing genitourinary surgeries uses multiple modalities in presurgical planning and within the immediate and long-term postoperative period. CT and MRI can help identify immediate and remote postoperative complications. Fluoroscopic examinations can diagnose postoperative urethral complications after gender affirmation surgeries. Lastly, the patients can undergo imaging for unrelated acute and chronic pathology, and knowledge of these imaging findings can be very helpful.

Imaging plays a significant role in the care of transgender patients and, particularly, in those pursuing gender affirmation surgery. As insurance coverage expands for these surgical procedures, radiologists should be prepared to encounter, understand, and interpret pre and postoperative findings.
Kinetic studies of Congo red dye adsorption by immobilized Aspergillus niger on alginate
Authors: Hamad Mohammed T. M. H. , Saied Mona S. S.
Published: January 2021

Releasing of dye-containing wastewater by the textile industry into general water bodies can adversely affect aquatic ecosystems and human health. The objective of this study is to assess the Congo red dye biodegradation and detoxification by immobilized Aspergillus niger obtained from textile dye wastewater. The effects of process parameters like pH, temperature, reaction time and initial concentration on Congo red degradation were studied. Equilibrium adsorption isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics were also investigated. The experimental data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models of adsorption. The adsorption isotherm data fitted well to Langmuir isotherm and the kinetic data fitted well to the pseudo-second-order model. The degraded metabolites of Congo red were characterized by using UV–Vis spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography, further confirmed that biodegradation of Congo red was due to reduction of the azo bond. Phytotoxicity test confirmed that degradation metabolites were a less toxic than original dye. The reusability of the immobilized Aspergillus niger was repeated with six cycles and removal efficiency ranged from 98 to 72%. The results in this study substantiate that immobilized Aspergillus niger could be employed as a good adsorbent for the removal of Congo red dye from wastewater.
Regression-based mediation analysis: a formula for the bias due to an unobserved precursor variable
Authors: Kim Steven B. , Lee Joonghak
Published: January 2021

Researchers want to know whether the change in an explanatory variable X affects the change in a response variable Y (i.e., X causes Y). In practice, there can be two causal paths from X to Y, the path through a mediating variable M (indirect effect) and the path not through M (direct effect). The parameter estimation and hypothesis testing can be performed by a regression-based mediation model. It is already known that randomization of X is not enough for unbiased estimation, and the bias due to an unobserved variable has been discussed in literature but often overlooked. In this article, we first review the challenge under a simple mediation model, then we provide a formula for the exact bias due to an unobserved precursor variable W, the variable which potentially causes the changes in X, M, and/or Y. We present simulation studies to demonstrate the impact of an unobserved precursor variable on hypothesis testing for indirect effect and direct effect. The simulation results show that the inflation of type I error is serious particularly in a large sample study. To numerically demonstrate the formula of the exact bias, a popular data set published in a journal of statistics education is revisited, and we quantify why the conclusion of data analysis can be different before and after accounting for the precursor variable. The result shall remind the importance of a precursor variable in mediation analysis.
Safety and Effectiveness of Dapoxetine On Demand in Chinese Men With Premature Ejaculation: Results of a Multicenter, Prospective, Open-Label Phase IV Study
Authors: Peng Jing , Yang Lin , Liu Long , Zhou Renyuan , Liu Jihong , Li Ningchen , Li Liming , Jiang Yongguang , Liu Yuqiang , Zhu Zhaohui , Zhang Xiaodong , Shi Guowei , Jain Suyog , Jannini Emmanuele A. , Zhang Zhichao
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Dapoxetine on demand has been approved for premature ejaculation (PE) management in China; however, studies on the efficacy and safety of this treatment in the Chinese population are scarce.

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of dapoxetine 30 mg and 60 mg on demand in Chinese men with PE.

Methods

Phase IV real-world study on 1,252 patients with PE. If men reported no response to dapoxetine 30 mg after 4 weeks treatment, dapoxetine has been uptitrated at 60 mg for 4 weeks more.

Main Outcome Measure

Self-reported data were collected for demographics, general and sexual health characteristics, PE severity, and treatment safety and effectiveness, as measured by the PE profile questionnaire.

Results

Adverse events (AEs), such as nausea, thirst, headache, and dizziness, similarly to previous literature, were detected. The treatment-emergent AEs rate was higher in the patients treated with 30 and 60 mg (n = 192) compared with those treated with the dapoxetine 30 mg only (n = 1060) (34.4% vs 15.8%, respectively). No new safety concerns were observed. The overall effectiveness rates were 88.2% in subjects using 30 mg of dapoxetine, whereas a rescue from the previous failure was in 55.7% in the patients who received 60 mg after the initial 30 mg. Overall, 83.2% responded to dapoxetine at dosages equal to or lower than 60 mg.

Conclusion

The results in this study demonstrated in a large Chinese population that on-demand dapoxetine is a safe and effective symptomatic treatment in patients with PE.

J Peng, L Yang, L Liu, et al. Safety and Effectiveness of Dapoxetine On Demand in Chinese Men With Premature Ejaculation: Results of a Multicenter, Prospective, Open-Label Phase IV Study. Sex Med 2021;9:100296.
Effect of Edentulism and Oral Quality of Life on Sexual Functions in Men: A Cohort Prospective Study
Authors: Turgut Hasan , Turgut Sedanur
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Edentulism has a serious impact on quality of life (QoL), and changes in QoL can affect sexual functioning.

Aim

To assess the correlation between oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL) and sexual function in edentulous men.

Methods

A total of 148 men (18–70 years) with incomplete natural dentition completed the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) at 4 time points: before (T0), during (T1), 4 weeks after (T2), and 1 year (T3) after dental treatment. Kruskal–Wallis, Friedman, and Spearman's rank correlation tests were used for statistical analyses (significance at P < .05).

Results

IIEF total scores differed significantly between the time points (P < .001), with medians and interquartile ranges (IQR) of 46 (7), 42 (8), 49 (6), and 52 (5) at T0, T1, T2, and T3, respectively. The highest rate of sexual dysfunction was detected at T1 (42.2%) and the lowest at T3 (26.6%). IIEF domain scores also decreased at T1 and increased at T2 and T3 compared with T0 (P < .05). Median (IQR) OHIP-14 scores were 26.0 (8), 28.0 (8), 20.0 (6), and 18.0 (5), respectively (P < .001). OHIP score was significantly correlated with IIEF domain scores (P < .05) and there were strong negative correlations between OHIP and total IIEF scores at T0 (r = −0.737), T1 (r = −0.802), T2 (r = −0.831), and T3 (r = −0.722) (P = <.001 for all).

Main Outcome Measure

Changes and correlations in IEFF and OHIP-14 scores; SD and ED prevalances at T0; T1; T2 and T3 periods.

Clinical Implications

Sexual functions was significantly correlate with OHQoL; thus patients with ED should also be examined in terms of toothlessness.

Conclusion

OHQoL was significantly associated with sexual function in men. However, correcting the problem of edentulism improved OHQoL and sexual function, with the best results observed after 1-year follow-up.
Preliminary Development of a Mindfulness-Based Group Therapy to Expand Couples’ Sexual Intimacy after Prostate Cancer: A Mixed Methods Approach
Authors: Bossio Jennifer A. , Higano Celestia S. , Brotto Lori A.
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Sexual health and intimacy are consistently reported among the top unmet supportive care needs of prostate cancer (PC) survivors. With an aging population and advances in PC detection and treatment, the need for better PC sexual health interventions is acute.

Aim

Examine the feasibility of a mindfulness-based therapy group aimed at improving sexual intimacy for couples following PC treatments.

Methods

A 4-session mindfulness-based group intervention was developed for PC survivors (mean age 65.6 yrs) and their partners (mean age 61.4 yrs). A mixed-methods approach was adopted to account for small sample sizes (N = 14 couples). Findings will guide future treatment refinement via participants’ lived experiences.

Main Outcome Measures

Quantitative outcomes assessed pretreatment, immediately after treatment, and 6 months later included relationship adjustment, sexual satisfaction, sexual function, depression, anxiety, and mindfulness. Qualitative outcomes used Grounded Theory Approach following posttreatment exit interviews.

Results

Effect sizes 6 months posttreatment indicated moderate improvements in overall sexual satisfaction and large increases in mindfulness in PC survivors, small decreases in sexual intimacy reported by partners, and small increases in anxiety in PC survivors and partners. Qualitative outcomes revealed 6 themes: (i) PC treatments must view PC as a couple’s disease; (ii) PC treatments must consider the impact of illness on individuals and the couple; (iii) Mindfulness was a valued treatment modality; (iv) Individual factors contribute to outcomes, and therefore, must be considered; (v) Multiple perceived mechanisms for change exist; (vi) Group format is a therapeutic element of the process.

Conclusion

An acceptance-based approach to sexual intimacy needs among PC survivors and their partners is feasible. While this small-scale preliminary study suggests that mindfulness may address some currently unmet needs among this population, randomized clinical trials are needed.
Early Clinical Results of the Tolerability, Safety, and Efficacy of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma Administration in Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Taş Tuncay , Çakıroğlu Basri , Arda Ersan , Onuk Özkan , Nuhoğlu Barış
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is useful in the treatment of different conditions and diseases as it contains concentrated levels of many growth factors.

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of autologous PRP application in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Methods

In this prospective study conducted in June 2019, 31 patients with ED were included. The International Index of Erectile Function–Erectile Function domain (IIEF-EF) questionnaires were used to evaluate erectile function (EF). After administering the intracavernous autologous PRP 3 times with an interval of 15 days, IIEF-EFs were evaluated 1, 3, and 6 months later.

Main Outcome Measure

IIEF in the 1st, 3rd, and 6th months and adverse events.

Results

While the mean IIEF-EF was 18 before the application, the mean IIEF-EF was 20 in the first, third, and sixth months after the procedure (P < .001). However, even though IIEF-EF values increased numerically, median value remained within the mild-moderate classification (scores between 17 and 21). Postprocedure sexual satisfaction scores were significantly higher than preprocedure values (8 vs 6, respectively; P = .002). In the first follow-up of a patient after the 3rd injection, a 4-mm diameter fibrotic plaque was observed on the ventral side in the middle of the penis shaft.

Conclusion

In conclusion, our findings suggest that larger studies as well as placebo-controlled studies are needed to add PRP to the treatment protocol in ED.
Intracavernous Injection of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma Ameliorates Hyperlipidemia-Associated Erectile Dysfunction in a Rat Model
Authors: Huang Yun-Ching , Wu Chun-Te , Chen Miao-Fen , Kuo Yi-Hung , Li Jhy-Ming , Shi Chung-Sheng
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Hyperlipidemia is associated with an increased risk of erectile dysfunction (ED) mediated by endothelial damage. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains numerous angiogenic growth factors. Currently, evidence supporting the use of PRP for ED treatment is limited.

Aim

We investigated PRP in a rat model of hyperlipidemia-associated ED.

Methods

Thirty 2-month-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. 20 rats were fed a high-fat diet for 5 months and were randomly divided into 2 groups: (i) rats in the H group received supernatant injection into the corpus cavernosum weekly for 4 weeks; (ii) rats in the H + PRP group received PRP injection into the corpus cavernosum weekly for 4 weeks. 10 rats were fed a standard diet for 5 months and received supernatant injection into the corpus cavernosum weekly for 4 weeks (N group). 7 days after the 4th injection, all rats underwent erectile function testing and then euthanasia.

Main outcome measures

Erectile function was evaluated by measuring intracavernous pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Serum and penile tissue were collected for metabolic variable assessment and histochemical examination, respectively.

Results

Intracavernous pressure/MAP and area under the curve/MAP ratios were significantly higher in the N and H + PRP groups than in the H group. Insulin-like growth factor-1, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor levels were significantly higher in the H + PRP group than in the N and H groups. Corporal neuronal nitric oxide synthase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and endothelial cells were weakly expressed in the H group compared with the N and H + PRP groups. Intracorporal oxidative stress and apoptotic index were significantly higher in the H group than in the N and H + PRP groups.

Conclusions

This preclinical evidence suggests that clinical trials of PRP in men with ED should be considered. PRP may play a role in ED management.
A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Pilot Trial on the Effects of Testosterone Undecanoate Plus Dutasteride or Placebo on Muscle Strength, Body Composition, and Metabolic Profile in Transmen
Authors: Gava Giulia , Armillotta Francesca , Pillastrini Paolo , Giagio Silvia , Alvisi Stefania , Mancini Ilaria , Morselli Paolo Giovanni , Seracchioli Renato , Meriggiola Maria Cristina
Published: January 2021

Background

While the effects of androgens on muscle are well described in hypogonadal men, literature is still scarce on muscular strength or size variations in transmen; in this population there are no data regarding the relative effect of testosterone (T) and its metabolite dihydrotestosterone on muscle.

Aim

Our primary objective was to compare the effects on muscle strength of 54-week administration of testosterone undecanoate (TU) combined with the 5α-reductase inhibitor dutasteride (DT) or placebo (PL). Secondary outcomes included evaluation of body composition, bone, cutaneous androgenic effects, and metabolic variations.

Methods

In this randomized, double-blind PL-controlled pilot trial, 16 ovariectomized transmen were randomized to receive TU 1,000 mg IM at week 0, 6, 18, 30, 42 plus a PL pill orally daily (TU + PL, n = 7) or plus DT 5 mg/d (TU + DT, n = 7).

Outcomes

At week 0 and 54 the following parameters were evaluated: isokinetic knee extension and flexion peak torque and handgrip strength, body composition, and bone mineral density, biochemical, hematological, and hormonal parameters.

RESULTS

Handgrip and lower limb strength increased significantly in both groups with no differences between the 2 groups. Fat mass decreased and lean mass increased significantly similarly in both groups. Metabolic parameters remained stable in the 2 groups except for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol that was reduced in both groups. Hepatic and renal function remained normal in both groups and no major adverse effects were registered in either group.

Clinical Implications

These results may be particularly relevant for transmen experiencing cutaneous androgenic adverse events such as acne and androgenetic alopecia and in light of the development of non-5α-reduced androgens.

Strengths & Limitations

The strength of this study was the randomized, double-blind PL-controlled design, while the small number of subjects was definitely the biggest limitation.

CONCLUSION

For the first time we demonstrated that the addition of DT does not impair the anabolic effects of T on muscles in transmen previously exposed to T, supporting the hypothesis that the conversion in dihydrotestosterone is not essential for this role.
Ultracold Atomic Physics
Authors: Zhai Hui
Published: January 2021

The field of ultracold atomic physics has developed rapidly during the last two decades, and currently encompasses a broad range of topics in physics, with a variety of important applications in topics ranging from quantum computing and simulation to quantum metrology, and can be used to probe fundamental many-body effects such as superconductivity and superfluidity. Beginning with the underlying and including the most cutting-edge experimental developments, this textbook covers essential topics such as Bose-Einstein condensation of alkali atoms, studies of BEC-BCS crossover in degenerate Fermi gas, synthetic gauge fields and Hubbard models, and many-body localization and dynamical gauge fields. Key physical concepts, such as symmetry and universality highlight the connections between different systems, and theory is developed with plain derivations supported by experimental results. This self-contained and modern text will be invaluable for researchers, graduate students and advanced undergraduates studying cold atom physics, from both a theoretical and experimental perspective.
Untangling Drivers of Ancient Hurricane Activity
Authors: Sidder Aaron
Published: January 2021

Individual paleohurricane records extracted from the sediments of storm-battered islands do not clearly implicate climate as having shaped hurricane frequency over the past millennium.
A novel minimal motif for left-handed G-quadruplex formation
Authors: Das Poulomi , Winnerdy Fernaldo Richtia , Maity Arijit , Mechulam Yves , Phan Anh Tuân
Published: January 2021

A novel minimal motif (Motif2) for left-handed G-quadruplex (LHG4) formation has been discovered, highlighting the role of split guanines and single thymine loops in promoting LHG4 structures.
Correction: Quartz crystal microbalance for telomerase sensing based on gold nanoparticle induced signal amplification
Authors: Yang Haitang , Li Ying , Wang Dingzhong , Liu Yong , Wei Wei , Zhang Yuanjian , Liu Songqin , Li Peng
Published: January 2021

Correction for ‘Quartz crystal microbalance for telomerase sensing based on gold nanoparticle induced signal amplification’ by Haitang Yang et al., Chem. Commun., 2019, 55, 5994–5997, DOI: 10.1039/C9CC02610J.
Progress of hybrid nanocomposite materials for thermoelectric applications
Authors: Bisht Neha , More Priyesh , Khanna Pawan Kumar , Abolhassani Reza , Mishra Yogendra Kumar , Madsen Morten
Published: January 2021

Hybrid nanocomposite materials are widely being investigated due to their superior thermoelectric and mechanical properties. Due to their eco-friendly behaviour, and low cost processing, these can be utilized in flexible thermoelectric devices.
Host–guest chemistry of giant molecular shape amphiphiles based on POSS–PDI conjugates
Authors: Chen Jia , Lin Heng-Yi , Ji Xiaohuan , Zhao Haoru , Sun Bin , Wang Chien-Lung , Zhu Meifang
Published: January 2021

Giant shape amphiphiles (GSA) are giant molecules made with nano-building blocks that have distinct shapes.
Realizing the large current field emission characteristics of single vertical few-layer graphene by constructing a lateral graphite heat dissipation interface
Authors: Tang Shuai , Zhang Yu , Zhao Peng , Zhan Runze , Chen Jun , Deng Shaozhi
Published: January 2021

An in situ TEM result showed that a vertical few-layer graphene field emitter can carry large emission current at high temperature, benefiting from a graphite layer at the substrate interface which helps to efficiently dissipate heat during field emission.
Improving the optical and thermoelectric properties of Cs2InAgCl6 with heavy substitutional doping: a DFT insight
Authors: Bhamu K. C. , Haque Enamul , Praveen C. S. , Kumar Nandha , Yumnam G. , Hossain Md. Anwar , Sharma Gautam
Published: January 2021

The next-generation indium-based lead-free halide material Cs2InAgCl6 is promising for photovoltaic applications due to its good air stability and non-toxic behavior while it shows good thermoelectric properties when doped with Pb.
Laser activatable perfluorocarbon bubbles for imaging and therapy through enhanced absorption from coupled silica coated gold nanoparticles
Authors: Fernandes Donald A. , Appak-Baskoy Sila , Berndl Elizabeth , Kolios Michael C.
Published: January 2021

PFH-NEs from PFH-NEs-scAuNPs can vaporize upon laser excitation leading to formation of PFH bubbles that can be used for contrast enhanced US imaging and therapy.
Improving the hydrothermal stability of zeolite Y by La3+ cation exchange as a catalyst for the aqueous-phase hydrogenation of levulinic acid
Authors: Vu Hue-Tong , Goepel Michael , Gläser Roger
Published: January 2021

La3+ cation exchange is shown to improve the hydrothermal stability and catalytic activity of bifunctional zeolite Pt/Y catalysts in the aqueous-phase hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) with formic acid (FA) as hydrogen source.
Turning over on sticky balls: preparation and catalytic studies of surface-functionalized TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Freimann Sven A. , Prescimone Alessandro , Housecroft Catherine E. , Constable Edwin C.
Published: January 2021

A proof-of-principle investigation of the reactivity of functionalized NPs Rh(1)2@TiO2 (1 = (4-([2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridin]-4′-yl)phenyl)phosphonic acid, 1) is reported, using their catalytic activity in an alcohol oxidation in aqueous conditions water.
Cobalt-catalyzed annulation of styrenes with α-bromoacetic acids
Authors: Nguyen Tung T. , Ngo Bao H. T. , Le Huy X. , Vu Linh N. P. , To Tuong A. , Phan Anh N. Q. , Phan Nam T. S.
Published: January 2021

Cobalt-catalyzed addition of α-bromoacetic acids/acetates to CC bonds in styrenes is reported for the first time. Good tolerance of functional groups was observed.
Enhanced nonlinear optical response of graphene-based nanoflake van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Kaur Sumandeep , Pandey Ravindra , Karna Shashi P.
Published: January 2021

The nonlinear optical properties of van der Waals bilayer heterostructures composed of graphene/h-BN and graphene/phosphorene nanoflakes are investigated using time-dependent density functional theory.
Production and characterization of chitooligosaccharides by the fungal chitinase Chit42 immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles and chitosan beads: selectivity, specificity and improved operational utility
Authors: Kidibule Peter E. , Costa Jessica , Atrei Andrea , Plou Francisco J. , Fernandez-Lobato Maria , Pogni Rebecca
Published: January 2021

Chitin-active enzymes are of great biotechnological interest due to the wide industrial application of chitinolytic materials.
Towards the stable chelation of radium for biomedical applications with an 18-membered macrocyclic ligand
Authors: Abou Diane S. , Thiele Nikki A. , Gutsche Nicholas T. , Villmer Alexandria , Zhang Hanwen , Woods Joshua J. , Baidoo Kwamena E. , Escorcia Freddy E. , Wilson Justin J. , Thorek Daniel L. J.
Published: January 2021

The therapeutic alpha-emitter 223Ra can be stably complexed in vivo, creating opportunities for the development of targeted radiopharmaceutical agents with this radionuclide.
Directing the selectivity of CO2 electroreduction to target C2 products via non-metal doping on Cu surfaces
Authors: Zhi Xing , Jiao Yan , Zheng Yao , Davey Kenneth , Qiao Shi-Zhang
Published: January 2021

Understanding the late stages of C2 pathways provides great opportunities for fully achieving a selective CO2 electroreduction. The C2 product selectivity can be directed by the active site's oxygen affinity on a range of non-metal doped Cu surfaces.