bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Subtropical Peach Fruit Quality: Organic Acids, Phytochemical Content, and Total Antioxidant Capacity
Authors: Vashisth Tripti , Olmstead Mercy A. , Olmstead James , Colquhoun Thomas A.
Published: October 2017

Producing temperate-zone fruit crops in subtropical environments requires alterations in fertilizer application and rates. Nitrogen (N) is a critical mineral nutrient required in high amounts by the tree; however, it is often over- or under-applied for optimal fruit quality and can affect the phytochemical composition of fruits. The effects of different N fertilizer rates and harvest date on total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total anthocyanins, total antioxidant capacity, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and organic acids (citric and malic acid) of two subtropical peach (Prunus persica) cultivars, TropicBeauty and UFSharp, were investigated. N rate did not affect total soluble solids in ‘TropicBeauty’, although total soluble solids decreased as N rate increased in ‘UFSharp’. Titratable acidity and organic acid content was significantly higher in ‘UFSharp’ as compared with ‘TropicBeauty’, although there was no effect of N rate on titratable acidity. An overall increase in phenolic content, flavonoid content, anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity were observed with decreasing N rates in both subtropical peach cultivars. A stronger genotype × N treatment interaction was observed for ‘TropicBeauty’ for phenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity than for ‘UFSharp’. In ‘TropicBeauty’, among the treatments with no N and highest N, an almost 100% increase in phenolic content, 200% increase in flavonoid content, 50% increase in anthocyanin content, and 80% increase in antioxidant activity was observed. A positive correlation among phenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity was observed in both ‘TropicBeauty’ and ‘UFSharp’. Late harvest date decreased phenolic content in ‘TropicBeauty’, ranging from 6% to 32% among different N treatments. Late harvest increased anthocyanin content as compared with fruit that were harvested on early dates. The results suggest that subtropical peach phytochemical composition can be affected by different cultivars and tree age, and can be manipulated with cultural practices like N fertilization and harvest time to produce fruit with altered or desired nutritional composition for consumers.
Differential Physiological Responses and Genetic Variations in Fine Fescue Species for Heat and Drought Stress
Authors: Wang Jinyu , Burgess Patrick , Bonos Stacy A. , Meyer William A. , Huang Bingru
Published: October 2017

Summer decline is typically characterized by heat and drought stress and is a major concern for fine fescue species (Festuca). The objectives of this study were to examine whether heat or drought stress is more detrimental, and to determine the genotypic variations in heat and drought tolerance for fine fescues. A total of 26 cultivars, including seven hard fescues (Festuca trachyphylla), eight chewings fescues (Festuca rubra ssp. commutate), seven strong creeping red fescues (Festuca rubra ssp. rubra), two sheep fescues (Festuca ovina ssp. hirtula), and two slender creeping red fescues (Festuca rubra ssp. littoralis) were subjected to prolonged heat or drought stress in growth chambers. Several physiological parameters, including turf quality (TQ), electrolyte leakage (EL), photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) chlorophyll content (Chl), and relative water content (RWC) were measured in plants exposed to heat or drought stress. The results indicated that heat stress was more detrimental than drought stress for fine fescue species. Based on TQ and major physiological parameters (EL and Fv/Fm) under heat stress, several cultivars with good heat tolerance were selected, including ‘Blue Ray’, ‘Spartan II’, ‘MN-HD1’, ‘Shoreline’, ‘Navigator II’, ‘Azure’, ‘Beacon’, ‘Aurora Gold’, ‘Reliant IV’, ‘Marco Polo’, ‘Garnet’, ‘Wendy Jean’, ‘Razor’, and ‘Cindy Lou’. Based on TQ and major physiological parameters (EL, RWC, and Fv/Fm) under drought stress, several cultivars with good drought tolerance were selected, including ‘Spartan II’, ‘MN-HD1’, ‘Reliant IV’, ‘Garnet’, ‘Azure’, and ‘Aurora Gold’. These cultivars could be used in hot, dry, or both environments and as breeding germplasm for developing heat tolerance, drought tolerance, or both.
Characteristics of Developmental Differences between Fertile and Aborted Ovules in Camellia oleifera
Authors: Gao Chao , Yang Rui , Yuan Deyi
Published: October 2017

Camellia oleifera is an important woody edible oil plant in southern China. In this study, the developmental differences in ovules at different positions in the ovary of C. oleifera were observed. The developmental type and characteristics of aborted ovules, ratios of normal and aborted ovules, and their developmental differences after flowering were examined. Ovules near the stylar end and in the middle exhibit normal development and are able to form embryo sacs; lower ovules near the pedicel end are usually aborted. The proportion of abortion of four examined cultivars ranges from 10.2% to 33.3%. Aborted ovules can be divided into four categories: 1) nascent egg apparatus lacking distinguishable cells; 2) completely absent egg apparatus structure consisting of flocculent tissue; 3) lack of tissue, comprising only integument cells; and 4) the inner integument not constituting a micropyle channel, with incomplete egg apparatus development and generating abnormal ovules. At 120 days after pollination (DAP), significant distinguishable size differences were found between fertile and aborted ovules; aborted ovules ceased growth at 180 DAP. On fruit maturation, aborted seeds were still attached to the placenta.
Deletion of Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase Gene sodC Reduces Aspergillus niger Virulence on Chinese White Pear
Authors: Chen Chen , Zhang Meng-Ke , Hu Kang-Di , Sun Ke-Ke , Li Yan-Hong , Hu Lan-Ying , Chen Xiao-Yan , Yang Ying , Yang Feng , Tang Jun , Liu He-Ping , Zhang Hua
Published: October 2017

Aspergillus niger is a common pathogenic fungus causing postharvest rot of fruit and vegetable, whereas the knowledge on virulence factors is very limited. Superoxide dismutase [SOD (EC 1.15.1.10)] is an important metal enzyme in fungal defense against oxidative damage. Thus, we try to study whether Cu/Zn-SOD is a virulence factor in A. niger. Cu/Zn-SOD encoding gene sodC was deleted in A. niger [MA70.15 (wild type)] by homologous recombination. The deletion of sodC led to decreased SOD activity in A. niger, suggesting that sodC did contribute to full enzyme activity. ΔsodC strain showed normal mycelia growth and sporulation compared with wild type. However, sodC deletion markedly increased the cell’s sensitivity to intracellular superoxide anion generator menadione. Besides, spore germination under menadione and H2O2 stresses were significantly retarded in ΔsodC mutant compared with wild type. Further results showed that sodC deletion induced higher superoxide anion production and higher content of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) compared with wild type, supporting the role of SOD in metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, ΔsodC mutant had a reduced virulence on chinese white pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) as lesion development by ΔsodC was significantly less than wild type. The determination of superoxide anion, H2O2, and MDA in A. niger-infected pear showed that chinese white pear infected with ΔsodC accumulated less superoxide anion, H2O2, and MDA compared with that of wild type A. niger, implying that ΔsodC induced an attenuated response in chinese white pear during fruit–pathogen interaction. Our results indicate that sodC gene contributes to the full virulence of A. niger during infection on fruit. Aspergillus niger is one of the most common species found in fungal communities. It is an important fermentation industrial strain and is also known to cause the most severe symptoms in fruit during long-term storage (Pel et al., 2007). Meanwhile, plants activate their signaling pathways to trigger defense responses to limit pathogen expansion. One of the earliest host responses after pathogen attack is oxidative burst, during which large quantities of ROS are generated by different host enzyme systems, such as glucose oxidase (Govrin and Levine, 2000). ROS such as singlet oxygen, superoxide anion, hydroxyl (OH−), and H2O2 are released to hinder the advance of pathogens (Gara et al., 2003). ROS can react with and damage cellular molecules, such as DNA, protein, and lipids, which will limit fungal propagation in the host plant (Apel and Hirt, 2004).
Effects of Abscisic Acid and Nitric Oxide on Chilling Resistance and Activation of the Antioxidant System in Walnut Shoots In Vitro
Authors: Dong Ningguang , Qi Jianxun , Li Yuanfa , Chen Yonghao , Hao Yanbin
Published: October 2017

The roles of abscisic acid (ABA) and nitric oxide (NO) and the relationship between NO and ABA on chilling resistance and activation of antioxidant activities in walnut (Juglans regia) shoots in vitro under chilling stress were investigated. Walnut shoots were treated with ABA, the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP), ABA in combination with the NO scavenger 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-imidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO), PTIO, SNP in combination with the ABA biosynthesis inhibitor fluridone (Flu), and Flu. Their effects on chilling tolerance, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and the antioxidant defense system were analyzed. The results showed that ABA treatment markedly alleviated the decreases in the maximal photochemical efficiency and survival and the increases in electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation induced by chilling stress, suggesting that application of ABA could improve the chilling tolerance. Further analyses showed that ABA enhanced antioxidant defense and slowed down the accumulation of ROS caused by chilling. Similar results were observed when exogenous SNP was applied. ABA in combination with PTIO or PTIO alone differentially abolished these protective effects of ABA. However, treatment with NO in combination with Flu or Flu alone did not affect the SNP-induced protective effect against CI or the activation of antioxidant activities under conditions of chilling stress. In addition, ABA treatment increased the NO content under chilling conditions, which was suppressed by the ABA biosynthesis inhibitor Flu or NO scavenger PTIO. Conversely, SNP application induced the same ABA rise observed in control plants in response to chilling. Taken together, these results suggested that ABA may confer chilling tolerance in walnut shoots in vitro by enhancing the antioxidant defense system, which is partially mediated by NO, preventing the overproduction of ROS to alleviate the oxidative injury induced by chilling.
Yield and Economic Potential of Spring‐Planted, Pea–Barley Forage in Short‐Season Corn Double‐Crop Systems
Authors: Raskin Daniel , Wells M. Scott , Grossman Julie M. , Coulter Jeffrey A. , Sheaffer Craig C.
Published: October 2017

Core Ideas

Biomass yield is similar between sole‐crop grain corn forage–silage corn double‐crop systems.

Nitrogen fertilizer does not increase net economic return from forage–silage corn double‐crop systems.

Double‐cro pea–barley forage–silage corn is not a profitable alternative to sole‐crop corn in the upper Midwest.

Double cropping with forages can increase dry matter (DM) yield and N‐use efficiency over sole‐crop (SC) systems, but reductions in primary crop yield can limit economic return. This study assessed whether a double‐crop (DC) system coupling a legume–cereal biculture forage with early maturing corn can reduce fertilizer N input and compete economically with SC corn. Biomass yield, N uptake, residual soil NO3–N, and economic net return were measured in two DC and one SC systems in four experiments conducted in Minnesota between 2014 and 2016. In DC systems, a field pea (Pisum sativum L.)–barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) forage biculture was double cropped with a dual‐purpose hybrid (DP) or semidwarf (SD) corn (Zea mays L.) variety. In SC systems, full‐season hybrid corn (HC) was planted without preceding forage. Six fertilizer N rates (0–224 kg N ha−1) were applied to corn. Averaged across N rates, DP and SD corn yielded less (8.2 and 1.8 Mg DM ha−1, respectively) compared to SC (16.4 Mg DM ha−1). Total system DM yield was similar for the DC–DP and SC–HC systems, averaging 16.6 Mg ha−1. Economic return for the SC system was greater than that for the DC–DP system, and was maximized with 134 to 224 kg N ha−1, while return for the DC–DP system was unaffected by N rate. Due to low corn yield and greater production cost, double cropping spring forage with short‐season corn is not a profitable alternative to SC corn.
Living Mulch for Sustainable Maize Stover Biomass Harvest
Authors: Bartel Cynthia A. , Banik Chumki , Lenssen Andrew W. , Moore Kenneth J. , Laird David A. , Archontoulis Sotirios V. , Lamkey Kendall R.
Published: October 2017

The Renewable Fuels Standard mandate provides enhanced opportunity for maize (Zea mays L.) stover use as a bioenergy feedstock. Living mulch (LM) offers a possible solution for the natural resources constraints associated with maize stover biomass harvest. A two‐site‐year study was conducted near Boone and Kanawha, IA, in both maize following maize (MM) and maize following soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (SM) sequences to evaluate the impact of established and chemically suppressed Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) ‘Ridgeline’, ‘Wild Horse’, ‘Oasis’, and ‘Mallard’ blend and creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) ‘Boreal’ as LM on three maize hybrids (population sensitive, population insensitive, and yield stable). Maize grain yield for the no LM treatments in the MM and SM sequences was 12.0 and 13.2 Mg ha−1, respectively, at Boone and 12.8 and 14.8 Mg ha−1, respectively, at Kanawha, 23 to 73% greater than the LM treatment. Ethanol yield (L ha−1) was 12 to 119% greater, protein concentration was ≤9% greater, and starch concentration was ≤1% lower in the no LM treatment maize than in LM treatment maize. Maize hybrid by cover interaction was significant for parameters including total aboveground biomass and protein concentration at Boone, with inconsistent maize hybrid responses to the LM system. Stover yield, stover quality, stover C and N, leaf area index, maize plant density, maize maturity, and sequence year in the MM sequence were also evaluated. Results emphasize the need for maize hybrid and LM system compatibility, as well as effective LM suppression techniques.
Study on rail fastener failure testing based on fractal theory
Authors: Zhang Huijian , Liu Qiang
Published: October 2017

The residual vibration of steel rail is rich in the mechanical properties, which include the constraint, that was, the degree of tightness of the fastener. The aim of this research is to characterize the tightness of rail fastener. A fractal analysis procedure based on 1-D curve length calculation is proposed, which applies a length unit to cover fastening the behavior of fasteners. Using the rail vibration data under periodic pulse excitation measured by a track fastener inspection vehicle, this method can derive the fractal dimension of fastener tightness directly (D∈ [1, 2)). Furthermore, 1-D curve length method is also introduced into multi-fractal spectrum analysis for investigating fine scale information. The statistical analysis demonstrates that, fractal dimension Dl, Dr, and multi-fractal parameters αfmax, ∆α can reflect the change process of the tightness of rail fasteners effectively. Therefore, it shows potential to use the fractal parameters of the rail vibration signal to characterize the tightness of the fastener.
Study on dynamic response of track structures under a variable speed moving harmonic load
Authors: Zhang Yan , Liu Yan Qi , Song Chun Fang , Xu Long Long
Published: October 2017

Basing on the dynamic response characteristics of the periodic structure under a moving harmonic load in frequency domain and the superposition principle, the dynamic response of track structure under variable speeds moving harmonic load is investigated. Firstly, the track is simplified as an Euler beam model periodically supported by continuous discrete point, the dynamic differential equation of vertical vibration for the track structure is formulated. Secondly, for convenience of analysis, the analytical expression for the amplitude-frequency response of any point on the track structure under the moving harmonic load is derived in frequency domain. Based on the theory of the infinite periodic structure, the dynamic responses of the track structure under the variable speed moving harmonic load are analyzed theoretically. Finally, the influences of velocity and acceleration on the dynamic response of track structure are numerically analyzed in detail. The research results indicate that the amplitude-frequency response peaks of the track under moving harmonic load with variable and constant speeds occur near the excitation frequency. The displacement response of the track increases slightly with increase of the acceleration, and the variation trend of dynamic response is basically similar. The vibration displacement response of the rail can be effectively improved by increasing the initial velocity of the moving harmonic load, while the peak value of amplitude-frequency response remained constant.
Changes in Local Immunity Factors in Women with Pre-Existing Cervical Disease and Benign Ovarian Tumors
Authors: Matviykiv Nazar
Published: October 2017

The objective of the research was to study the indices of local immunity in relation to the hormonal state of the body in women with benign ovarian tumors and pre-existing cervical diseases.Materials and methods. The concentration of major gonadotropic and steroid hormones during the female ovarian and menstrual cycle, as well as individual local immunity factors of proinflammatory cytokines and secretory immunoglobulin A was studied in 40 patients with benign ovarian tumors and pre-existing cervical diseases.Results and discussion. In the second phase of the ovarian and menstrual cycle, a significant reduction (by 3.0 times) in the concentration of progesterone and relative hypoestrogenism (by 1.5 times as compared to the control data) were found. Anovulation was observed in 40.00% of cases and corpus luteum deficiency syndrome was diagnosed in 62.5% of women. The assessment of secretory immunoglobulin A concentration allowed us to note (along with the hypersecretion of proinflammatory cytokines) an increase in this marker in half of the examined women in the presence of chronic cervicitis and vaginitis, candidiasis and viral lesion - along with the activation of proinflammatory cytokine depression of secretory immunoglobulin A synthesis as compared to the control data.Conclusions. Local immunity changes in women with benign ovarian tumors and pre-existing cervical diseases are accompanied by abnormalities of the hormonal profile and the association of maladaptive changes in the system of local immunity manifested by fluctuations in the level of secretory immunoglobulin A during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and an increase in proinflammatory cytokine synthesis. The results of the conducted study allowed us to note a significant increase in the concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A along with the activation of proinflammatory cytokine synthesis in most women with benign ovarian tumors and pre-existing cervical diseases which confirms the development of acute inflammatory reactions on the background of the existing hormonal imbalance. In patients with pre-cancerous cervical diseases, there was a tendency toward depression of secretory immunoglobulin A synthesis, a significant inhibition of local immunity, especially typical for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia on the background of human papillomavirus infection. All the aforementioned data confirm the formation of secondary immunodeficiency in this category of patients.
MENTAL HEALTH IN RELATION TO SEXOF SPECIAL EDUCATION SCHOOL TEACHERS
Authors: Kaur Inderjeet Pal
Published: October 2017

This investigation was aimed to study the mental health levels among special education school teachers and its relation to their sex.Here, a sample of 120 special education school teachers (60 males and 60 females) was selected from 15 special schools of Delhi, Haryana and Rajasthan states through simple random, purposive, convenience and cluster sampling methods. The survey questionnaire ‘Mental Health Inventory’by Dr. A.K. Shrivastava and Dr. Jagdish (1981) was used for measuring levels of mental health among special education school teachers. Percentage analysis, t-test were employed for data analysis. Mental health levels of most of special school teachers (i.e. 82.50%) were found either average or near average. A little percentage was found to at either very good (7.50%) or very poor (10.00%) levels of mental health. Besides, a significance of difference between mean MHI scores of male and female special education school teachers (t= 3.72, which is significant at 0.01 level of significance) was found. Higher mean MHI score (138.20) for female special education school teachers than their male counterparts (129.15) indicated that the female special education school teachers were enjoying better mental health than the male teachers.
A Study of Perceived Ethicality of Low Corporate Effective Tax Rates
Authors: DeZoort F. Todd , Pollard Troy J. , Schnee Edward J.
Published: October 2017

SYNOPSIS

U.S. corporations have the ability to avoid paying domestic taxes to achieve an effective tax rate that is much lower than the statutory federal tax rate. This study evaluates the extent that individuals differ in their attitudes about the ethicality of corporations avoiding domestic taxes to achieve low effective tax rates. We also examine the extent to which the specific tax avoidance method used by corporations to access a low effective tax rate affects perceived ethicality. Eighty-two members of the general public and 112 accountants participated in an experiment with two participant groups and three tax avoidance methods manipulated randomly between subjects. The results indicate a significant interaction between participant group and tax avoidance method, with the general public considering shifting profits out of the country to achieve a low effective tax rate to be highly unethical, while the accountants find tax avoidance from carrying forward prior operating losses to be highly ethical. Further, mediation analysis indicates that perceived fairness and legality mediate the effects of participant type on perceived ethicality. Mediation analysis also reveals that sense of fairness and legality mediate the link between tax avoidance method and perceived ethicality. We conclude by considering the study's policy, practice, and research implications.
A Review of the Archival Literature on Audit Partners
Authors: Lennox Clive S. , Wu Xi
Published: October 2017

SYNOPSIS

The last decade has witnessed a boom in archival studies examining auditing at the partner level. This research is timely because audit partners' names in the United States have been publicly disclosed starting in 2017. This paper reviews the existing archival literature on audit partners, discusses some concerns with certain aspects of the literature, and provides some suggestions for future research.
Aggregate Cost Stickiness in GAAP Financial Statements and Future Unemployment Rate
Authors: Rouxelin Florent , Wongsunwai Wan , Yehuda Nir
Published: October 2017

We examine whether aggregate cost stickiness predicts future macro-level unemployment rate. We incorporate aggregate cost stickiness into three different classes of forecasting models studied in prior literature, and demonstrate an improvement in forecasting performance for all three models. For example, when adding cost stickiness to an OLS regression that includes a battery of macroeconomic indicators and control variables, we find that a one-standard-deviation-higher cost stickiness in recent quarters is followed by a 0.23 to 0.26 percentage point lower unemployment rate in the current and following quarter. In out-of-sample tests, we find significant reductions in the root mean squared errors upon incorporation of cost stickiness for all three models. Additional tests suggest that professional macro forecasters, particularly those employed in nonfinancial industries, do not fully incorporate the information contained in cost stickiness. Finally, we find a stronger predictive power of cost stickiness toward the end of recessionary periods; we also assess cross-sectional variation of this predictive ability.

JEL Classifications: M41; E24; J60.
EFFECTIVENESS OF LEAF EXTRACT REDUCE INFLAMMATION REACTION IN HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA RATS
Authors: Santoso Puguh , Udayani Ni Nyoman Wahyu , Sutrisna I Nyoman Gede Tri , Adrianta Ketut Agus
Published: October 2017

Abstract High blood cholesterol is often called hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for the emergence of pathological

conditions such as heart and blood vessel disease. Hypercholesterolemia has an important role in the occurrence of damage to the

endothelial cells is mainly caused by oxidized LDL. Oxidation of LDL triggers the formation of TNF - ?.

Leaves messengers that allegedly contains flavonoids can improve the situation of hypercholesterolemia through the barriers

specifically the expression of TNF - ? increased due to hypercholesterolemia. Plants messengers known to contain alkaloids,

flavonoids, tannins, saponins, polyphenols, calcium oxalate, fats, and essential oil. Flavonoids which has the ability to bind the

atom to form free radicals not to excess free radicals, thereby inhibiting the oxidative modification of LDL become ox-LDL so it

will not be formed atherosclerosis.

This study uses the Randomize pattern Pre and Post Test Control Group Design, using white rats (Rattusnovergicus) with Wistar

strain aged 3-4 months, weighing 175-200 grams. Divided into four groups: Group I as a control with placebo, Group II

treatment using extracts of ethanol leaves a messenger at a concentration of 10%, Group III treatments using extracts of ethanol

leaves a messenger at a concentration of 20%, Group IV is to use the extract ethanol leaves errand at a concentration of 30%.

It can be concluded at 4 dose group 30% messengers leaf extract significantly different, p <0.05, so it can be said that the

provision of effective messengers extract at a dose of 30%.
THE ESSENTIAL OIL CONTENTS OF JERINGAU (Acorus calamus L.) RHIZOMES AND THEIR ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY AGAINST Candida albicans
Authors: Rita Wiwik Susanah , Kawuri Retno , Swantara I Made Dira
Published: October 2017

Acorus calamus L. rhizome was trusted having antibacterial activity. This study aimed to identify the compounds in the Acorus

Calamus L. rhizomes essential oils and to recognize the antifungal activity of the oils against Candida albicans. The extraction of essential oils

from rhizome was carried out by steam distillation technique. Identification of compounds in the oils was conducted by Gas Chromatography-

Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS), while the antifungal test against Candida albicans was done by well diffusion method. Extraction of 10 kg of

rhizomes produced 16.53 mL essential oil with a yield of 0.1653% (? = 1.066), the oil was brownish yellow and very flavorful. GC-MS

analysis showed that the essential oil contained 11 compounds, they are (E)-3,7 dimethyl-1,3,6-Octatriene (trans-?-Ocimene) (3,73%), linalool

(1,07%), ?-elemene (1,15%), trans methyl isoeugenol (7,68%), shyobunon (15,74%), bicyclogermakren (0,93%), dehidroxy-isocalamendiol

(2,61%), ?-calacorene (3,34%), euasarone (26,84), cis-asarone (18,62%); dan trans- asarone (18,29%). Antifungal activity test showed that the

growth and biomass inhibition of C. albicans increased with the increase of the oil concentration. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of

essential oil toward C. albicans was 1% with the inhibition of 7.83 mm.
UJI FITOKIMIA DAN DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK DAUN JUWET (Syzygium cumini) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Escherichia coli DAN Staphylococcus aureus ATCC
Authors: Sudarmi Kadek , Darmayasa Ida Bagus Gede , Muksin I Ketut
Published: October 2017

Bacterial Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus ATCCis a normal flora bacteria that naturally exist human body. This bacteria may by pathogenic if it exceeds acertain limits. To prevent the disease caused, need to be overcome by using herbal ingredients one of them is juwet leaves (Syzygiumcumini).The purpose of the study was to determine wheter the extract of juwet leaf (S. cumini) can inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus ATCC and to know compounds contained in juwet leaf extract (S. cumini). This research used diffusion wells methodwith 6 treatments and 4 replications. Date analysis using completely randomized design (CRD) with using ANOVA variance analysis. If the date obtained has a real difference test level at the 5% (P? 0,5) that continue with Duncan test. Concentration of the extract tested was 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 25% and 50%. Juwet leaf extract is able to inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus ATCC which is shown by the formation of clear zone. Concentration extract leaf which is effective to inhibit E. coli and S. aureus ATCC is the concentration 50% (18,9 mm) for E. coli and (16,5 mm) for S. aureus ATCC. Screening of phytochemical test of juwet leaf extract positive containing alkaloids, phenolic, steroids and saponins.

 

Keywords : juwet leaf extract (Syzygium cumini), Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC
INVENTARISASI JENIS – JENIS ULAR YANG DITEMUKAN DI SEKITAR PANTAI MERTA SARI DAN PADANG GALAK
Authors: Ayunda Pratiska I Gusti Putu , Suaskara Ida Bagus Made , Wiryatno Joko , Agus Pradana Putra I Gede
Published: October 2017

Sea snakes have a strong venom and when they bite can be fatal for humans, whereas snakes found in mangrove areas are weak venomous snakes and non-venomous snakes (McKay, 2006). The low understanding public aboutthe snakes has led to the assumption that any snakes found are dangerous, so research needs to be done in order to provide information on the types of venomous and non-venomous snakes present in coastal areas and around mangrove forest areas. This research was conducted from early January to the end of January located around Merta Sari Beach to Padang Galak. The method used is the method of cruising method is done by determining the habitat that is likely suitable for snake habitat (Asad et al., 2011). Data collected in the morning and at night, by capturing and identifying snakes found in situ refers to the snake identification titled '107+ Ular Indonesia' (Riza Marlon, 2014), and the book 'Reptiles and Amphibians in Bali 'By Mckay (2006). Based on the results of the study, snakes found around Merta Sari Beach and Padang Galak Beach numbered 61 individual snakes with two different families namely Colubridae and Elapidae. Snake species of the Colubridae family found are Dog-faced Water Snake (Cerberus rynchops) and the Elapidae family is the Erabu/Yellow-lipped Sea Krait (Laticauda colubrina) snake
A 8x1 Sprout-Shaped Antenna Array with Low Sidelobe Level of -25 dB
Authors: Toan Tang The , Tran Nguyen Minh , Giang Truong Vu Bang
Published: October 2017

This paper proposes a 8 x 1 sprout-shaped antenna array with low sidelobe level (SLL) for outdoor point to point applications. The array has the dimensions of 165 mm x 195 mm x 1.575 mm and is designed on Rogers RT/Duroid 5870tm with the thickness of 1.575 mm and permittivity of 2.33. In order to achieve low SLL, Chebyshev distribution weights corresponding to SLL preset at -30 dB has been applied to design the feed of the array. Unequal T-junction dividers has been used to ensure that the output powers are proportional to the Chebyshev amplitude distribution. A reflector has been added to the back of the antenna to improve the directivity. The simulated results show that the proposed array can work at 4.95 GHz with the bandwidth of 185 MHz. Moreover, it can provide the gain up to 12.9 dBi and SLL suppressed to -25 dB. A prototype has also been fabricated and measured. A good agreement between simulation and measurement has been obtained. It is proved that the array can be a good candidate for point to point communications.
Migration et changement social en milieu rural sénégalais: cas du Bassin arachidier et du Littoral
Authors: Mboup Bara
Published: October 2017

Introduction: Le Sénégal est un pays doublement marqué par le climat sahélien et une forte ruralité (60%). L’une des caractéristiques principales de la zone sahélienne est la variabilité des précipitations à travers des cycles pluviométriques qui impactent largement sur les ressources naturelles et agricoles. Cette situation a fait de la migration une alternative et une donnée structurelle en milieu rural. On peut alors se demander quels sont les changements ainsi apportés dans les campagnes sénégalaises. Aussi avons-nous choisi comme terrains d’observation des milieux aussi différents que le vieux bassin arachidier fortement sahélien, le centre du bassin arachidier soudano-sahélien, et le Littoral, milieu humide et urbanisé. Méthode: Pour répondre à la question de recherche, nous avons utilisé des données secondaires issues des enquêtes de l’Ecole Supérieure d’Economie appliquée (ESEA), du Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Migrations et l’Education au Développement (REMED) et des données primaires de nos enquêtes. Notre hypothèse est que les migrations contribuent à la diversification des revenus et à la restructuration sociale des ménages ruraux. Résultats: Les résultats obtenus montrent que le climat est loin d’être le seul facteur répulsif. Mais, il y aussi une kyrielle de contraintes que certains chercheurs qualifient de “facteurs globaux” (Ndour, 2014, 2015), et leur inégale répartition et impact en campagne. Ce qui contribue à différencier les milieux ruraux. Aussi les migrations rurales ont-elles des enjeux différents en fonction des zones et de la situation des ménages. Cependant, si de manière générale, notre hypothèse est vérifiée, les résultats vont bien au-delà. Conclusion: Nos recherches conduites dans le Littoral et le Bassin arachidier sénégalais mettent en évidence une évolution des stratégies rurales qui débouche sur la modification des systèmes de production agricole et le renforcement de la citoyenneté fondée sur la reterritorialisation des initiatives en particulier chez les migrants.
Le discours populaire sur la migration de longue distance en milieu rural sénégalais
Authors: Fall Papa Demba , Sarr Mame Yassine
Published: October 2017

Introduction: Les résultats qui sont présentés dans cet article ont été récoltés dans le cadre des activités du Réseau d’étude des migrations internationales africaines de l’Institut fondamental d’Afrique noire de l’Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar au Sénégal. Ils s’inscrivent dans le prolongement d’un programme de recherche plus vaste dont le fil conducteur est l’analyse des Aspirations migratoires de la jeunesse sénégalaise. Méthodologie: Nous avons choisi d’isoler et d’analyser les réponses recueillies auprès des personnes âgées de 18 à 39 ans au terme d’enquêtes menées de mars à juin 2014 dans les localités de Orkadiéré au Nord Est du Sénégal et de Lambaye et de Darou Mousty dans la partie centrale du Sénégal. Le corpus recueilli a permis de comparer deux perceptions du fait migratoire portées par deux groupes ethniques: celle d’une vieille terre d’émigration internationale qu’est la vallée du fleuve Sénégal occupée par les Peuls à celle de la région du Bassin arachidier à majorité Wolof où la migration est relativement récente et essentiellement orientée vers Dakar. Résultats: Les résultats significatifs de cette recherche sont essentiellement de deux ordres: la forte prévalence des aspirations migratoires positives ne doit pas occulter le fait qu’un nombre de plus important de jeunes choisit de rester au pays dès lors qu’ils sont persuadés de pouvoir atteindre leurs objectifs; contrairement à une idée tenace, la migration internationale n’est pas simplement motivée par le recherche de travail, elle intègre aussi des critères comme l’émancipation, l’aspiration à des droits fondamentaux comme l’éducation, la santé, la sécurité, etc. Conclusion: Quelle que soit l’appartenance géographique ou ethnique de l’individu, la décision de quitter le Sénégal ou de rester au pays ainsi que le choix de la destination sont aujourd’hui motivés par une appréciation des conditions de vie personnelle ou familiale plutôt que par des présupposés culturels.
AN INVESTIGATION OF CHINESE MIDDLE SCHOOL IN-SERVICE ENGLISH TEACHERS� ASSESSMENT LITERACY
Authors: Dunlai Lin , You Su
Published: October 2017

This paper reports an investigation into the status quo of assessment literacy of Chinese middle school in-service English teachers. Using tasks designed by Coombe et al. (2007), the study finds out that Chinese secondary English teachers have low levels of assessment literacy. They are not aware of such principles as authenticity, sensitivity issues about test content and self-assessment. Especially, they are extremely incompetent in understanding statistics about item analysis and distractor efficiency analysis. No significant difference was detected about teachers� assessment literacy in terms of teaching experience and whether they have taken assessment training courses in any forms. The authors call for a study into language assessment courses offered for secondary English teachers and enough attention paid to the relevance of language assessment training courses to classroom assessment.Keywords: assessment literacy, middle school in-service English teachers. China
SERVQUAL MODEL TERHADAP KEPUASAN PELANGGAN PADA JASA BONGKAR MUAT DAN EMKL (Studi pada P.T. Sarana Bandar Nasional Surabaya)
Authors: Asnawi Anita
Published: October 2017

Penelitian dilakukan di PT. Sarana Bandar Nasional (PT. SBN) Surabaya sebagai perusahaanSea Freight Forwarder. Laporan ini merupakan hasil penelitian lapangan, yang bertujuanuntuk mengetahui kualitas layanan yang ditawarkan oleh PT.SBN, dan juga untukmempelajari hubungan antara kualitas layanan dan kepuasan pelanggan. Dalam penelitianini, model SERVQUAL telah digunakan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas layanan. Kuesionerdirancang dan survei dilakukan untuk mengumpulkan data dari 100 pelanggan di PT. SBN.Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kualitas layanan dan kepuasan pelanggan merupakanfaktor penting yang dapat meningkatkan loyalitas pelanggan sehingga perusahaan harusfokus dalam memberikan program kepuasan pelanggan kepada pelanggan setia dan dihargai.Penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan harus fokus pada peningkatan kualitaslayanan mereka untuk kepuasan pelanggan yang lebih baik dan lebih baik.Kata Kunci : Kualitas layanan, SERVQUAL, Customer Satisfaction, Sea Freight Forwarder,EMKL
PENGEMBANGAN DAN PENINGKATAN FUNGSI PERALATAN PERTUKANGAN DI WAN PERABOT TARANTANG, KECAMATAN HARAU 50 KOTA
Authors: Zulhelman Zulhelman , Nofrial Nofrial , Juanda Antoni , Kurniawan Riski Rahmat
Published: October 2017

Pengabdian ini bertujuan memberikan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan, padapemilik dan karyawan Wan Perabot dalam pengembangan dan peningkatan, serta penambahan fungsi peralatan masinal pertukangan kayu. Wan Perabotmemproduksiperabotan rumah tangga meja, kursi, almari, tempat tidur, kusen, pintu, jendela dan perabotan lainnya.Usaha ini sudah berdiri sejak 15 tahun yang lalu, dan mempunyai prospek usaha yang bagus, dimana pesanan perabotan dari konsumen yang tidak pernah terhenti. Dalam proses produksi masih terkendala dalam hal peralatan masinal, yang jumlahnya masih terbatas. Sehingga proses produksi menjadi lama, serta pada produk minim variasi. Pengabdian menggunakan metode ceramah, demontrasi dan praktek, serta tanya jawab. Ceramah digunakan untuk menyampaikan pengetahuan secara umum tentang teknik pengembangan dan peningkatan serta penambahan fungsi peralatan. Demonstrasi digunakan untuk memberikan keterampilan langsung mengenai proses modifikasi fungsi peralatan. Tanya jawab digunakan untuk melengkapi hal-hal yang belum terakomodasi oleh kedua metode di atas.Peralatan masinal yang telah dikembangkan dan ditingkatkan fungsinya adalah Circular saw menjadi table saw dengan fungsi sama dengan layaknyatable saw. Kedua adalah ketam tangan menjadi ketam meja, yang fungsinyajuga sama dengan ketam meja. Serta yang ketiga adalah bor tangan menjadi mesin bubut, dan mesin amplas.
(Doda Idi) Vokabuler Aceh yang Terlupakan
Authors: Soeryana Dharminta
Published: October 2017

The development and growth of healthy children is inseparable from the success of a mother to and mentally, one through a child a bedtime song. Humming lullabies to a child is one of the heritages of cultural activities that is inherited by the preceding generation to the next generation to preserve to this day. Chanting poetry which contains advice, teaching points, values and principles of life to child will be useful for the child‟s development.
TERGUGAT EKSISTENSI DENDANG-DENDANG CUPAK–SOLOK DI ERA GLOBALISASI !
Authors: Arnailis Arnailis
Published: October 2017

Dendang-dendang Cupak tidak dikenal masyarakat Minangkabau di daerah Luhak karena tergugat derasnya pengaruh globalisasi, dan kalah bersaing dengan perkembangan seni pertunjukan yang menawarkan banyak aspek antara lain hiburan. Keistimewaan eksistensinya menawarkan “interval melodi”ke modus pentatonik China dan slendro Jawa. Modus ini yang memberi hiasan pada dendang. Karakternya pun berbeda dengan Dendang-dendang Darek. Musik vokal ini menjadi ikon daerah Kubuang Tigo Baleh, dan Solok. Tulisan ini mensugesti seniman, pelaku Dendang memunculkan kreativitas, dan apresiasi daya saing.
ОГЛЯД ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ ОСОБЛИВОСТЕЙ ВИРОБІВ ДЛЯ СИСТЕМ ВОДОПОСТАЧАННЯ ТА ВОДОВІДВЕДЕННЯ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Zakharchenko P. V. , Reva V. I. , Chyrych V. Z. , Chubenko D. A. , Isylenko S. A. , Kosharnyi I. I.
Published: October 2017

В статті розглянуті особливості систем водопостачання та водовідведення в Україні станом на кінець 2014 року.
ДОЛГОВЕЧНОСТЬ ИСКУССТВЕННЫХ СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ В РАЗЛИЧНЫХ СРЕДАХ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ
Authors: Opekunov V. V.
Published: October 2017

В статье рассмотрены вопросы долговечности и экологические критерии качества искусственных строительных материалов при их эксплуатации в различных средах.
ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ КАРБИДОСОДЕРЖАЩЕЙ ЛИГАТУРЫ СИСТЕМЫ Al-Ti-C МЕТОДОМ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОГО СИНТЕЗА
Authors: Shyshkyna Iu. A. , Bahliuk H. A. , Mamonova A. A. , Holovkova M. E. , Tykhonova Y. B.
Published: October 2017

Приведены данные структурного и фазового анализа лигатур, полученных термическим синтезом из порошковых смесей системы Al-Ti-C различного состава, и результаты их термодинамического и дифференциального термического анализа. Показано, что для всех исследуемых составов исходных смесей при их нагреве происходит процесс “in- situ”, выделения частиц карбида титана TiC с образованием промежуточных фаз алюминидов титана. Увеличение содержания алюминия в шихте приводит к снижению величины периода решетки образующегося карбида титана. Установлено, что изменение температуры синтеза с 950 до 1200ºС практически не влияет на структуру и фазовый состав лигатур.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВПЛИВУ РІЗНИХ ОРГАНІЧНИХ КИСЛОТ ТА СЕРЕДОВИЩ НА АГРЕГАТИВНУ СТІЙКІСТЬ НАНОЧАСТИНОК ТИТАНАТУ БАРІЮ
Authors: Kovalenko O.A. , Dulina I. O. , Rahulia A. V.
Published: October 2017

Досліджено вплив різних органічних кислот та середовищ на агрегативну стійкість нанопорошку титанату барію, зокрема, встановлені кількість стабілізованих частинок в суспензії, їх питома поверхня та особливості механізму адсорбції молекул дисперсантів на частинках титанату барію.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВИРОБНИЦТВА КЕРАМІЧНОЇ ЦЕГЛИ ДЛЯ ОБЛИЧКУВАННЯ ФАСАДІВ СВІТЛИХ ТОНІВ
Authors: Ohorodnik I. V.
Published: October 2017

У статті подані особливості технології виробництва керамічної цегли для обличкування фасадів світлого тону. Розглянуто хімічний склад компонентів керамічних мас. Подані розроблені склади мас з різними компонентами, що освітлюють шихту та параметри виробництва обличкувальної кераміки світлого тону.
ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ ИНТЕРМЕТАЛЛИДА Fe3Al МЕТОДАМИ ПОРОШКОВОЙ МЕТАЛЛУРГИИ
Authors: Tolochyna A. V. , Mamonova A. A. , Okun Y. Iu. , Evych Ia. Y.
Published: October 2017

В работе были исследованы возможные способы получения интерметаллида Fe3Al различными методами порошковой металлургии. Показано, что ударное горячее прессование порошковых смесей Fe+14Al, Fe+15Al при температурах 1050 и 1150 °С позволяет получать беспористые образцы, в то время как свободное спекание при температурах 1400 и 1450 °С приводит к получению образцов с пористостью 15 и 6 % соответственно. Установлено, что применение ударного горячего прессования и горячей штамповки позволяет получать прочный интерметаллид Fe3Al с более высокими механическими характеристиками по сравнению со свободным спеканием. Показано, что изменение вида структуры приводит к изменению механических свойств.
Surveillance of Zika virus infection in the EU/EEA, June 2015 to January 2017
Authors: Spiteri G , Sudre B , Septfons A , Beauté J ,   on behalf of the European Zika surveillance Network
Published: October 2017

Surveillance of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) was implemented in 2016 in response to the large outbreak reported in the Americas in 2015 associated with an increased number of infants born with microcephaly. Between June 2015 and January 2017, 21 EU/EEA countries reported 2,133 confirmed cases of ZIKV infection, of whom 106 were pregnant women. Cases infected in the Caribbean constituted 71% of reported cases. Almost all cases (99%) were most probably infected by mosquito bite during travel outside continental Europe, while only 1% were transmitted sexually. Considering that 584 imported cases were reported between May and October 2016 among residents of areas with established presence of Aedes albopictus, the absence of autochthonous vector-borne cases suggests that Ae. albopictus is not an efficient vector for ZIKV infection.
Rethinking Teacher Turnover: Longitudinal Measures of Instability in Schools
Authors: Holme Jennifer Jellison , Jabbar Huriya , Germain Emily , Dinning John
Published: October 2017

While there is a robust literature examining the patterns and causes of teacher turnover, few articles to date have critically examined the measures of turnover used in these studies. Yet, an assessment of the way turnover is measured is important, as the measures become the means by which the “problem” of turnover becomes defined and its varying dimensions understood. In this conceptual essay, we outline a typology of teacher turnover measures, discussing both measures used in existing teacher turnover literature as well as new measures that we have developed. We illustrate each of the measures using 10 years of administrative data from Texas. We discuss how the measures can help illuminate different ways in which staff instability can affect schools and identify schools that suffer from particularly severe staffing issues. We conclude with implications for policymakers and researchers who may seek to apply these measures to future empirical studies.
Nanotopograpical Analysis of Iron by AFM
Authors: Dahal N P , Lamichhane S K
Published: October 2017

The roughness of the surface is sensed by the cantilever deflection of AFM, more the roughness of the surface greater will be the deflection and vice versa. The roughness of iron obtained from the AFM is depending upon the sanning area. The roughness of the surface can be studied from the analysis of the height profile and nano topography of the etched iron by AFM.Key words: Etching; AFM; Topography; ProbeThe Himalayan PhysicsVol. 2, No.2, May, 2011Page: 73-75Uploaded Date: 1 August, 2011