bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technology Innovation and Healthcare Performance among Healthcare Organizations in Saudi Arabia: A Structural Equation Model Analysis
Authors: Akinwale Yusuf O. , AboAlsamh Hoda M.
Published: February 2023

The number of people in need of healthcare is increasing over time despite the limited resources available in each country; hence, access to healthcare, quality of healthcare, and cost of healthcare remain contemporary global issues. The limitations of travel and access to healthcare during the global pandemic (COVID-19) have triggered the further search for improved and sustainable healthcare services through technology innovation and digital transformation in the healthcare sector. This study examines the impact of technology innovation on healthcare performance among 241 healthcare organizations in Saudi Arabia. The study utilizes the structural equation model (SEM) method to unravel the nature of technology innovation and its influence on healthcare performance. The results of SEM reveal that innovation efforts, in terms of R&D, training, and the acquisition of new software and acquisition of new medical machinery/equipment, have a significant influence on technology innovation and healthcare performance. Furthermore, the results further indicate that technology innovations measured by mobile technology, digitalization of health records, telehealth/telemedicine and artificial intelligence have great likelihood and significant influence on healthcare performance among the healthcare organizations surveyed. This implies that continuous innovative efforts and spending on various technology innovations would further improve the efficiency and quality of healthcare service which give a competitive advantage to healthcare organizations in Saudi Arabia. Hence, innovation which encompasses all stakeholders should be continuously reinforced in Saudi Arabia’s health policy as this would further strengthen healthcare performance.
Comparison of the Literacy Level on Major Environmental Issues of the G.C.E. (A/L) Students of Different Disciplines in Kandy District, Sri Lanka
Authors: Kuruppuarachchi Janaka , Hemadila Palaniappan , Madurapperuma Buddhika
Published: February 2023

The study aims to examine the environmental literacy level of G.C.E A/L students (comparable to British Advanced Level) in the Kandy District, Sri Lanka, and to evaluate environment modules embedded into the curriculum. Furthermore, we find the relationships between environmental literacy level and socioeconomic and discipline levels. A survey with a sample of 300 students was selected randomly from four different disciplines, with 25 students in each subject (biological science, mathematics, arts, and commerce) from three different types of schools (Public, Private, and International). A piloted, self-administered, and structured questionnaire with 44 items under six sections (personal background, environmental issues, attitudes, behavior, suggestion, and mitigation) was randomly distributed among the study sample. Results showed that most respondents reside in an urban area, the education level of parents was positioned in the G.C.E. (A/L) category, and the monthly total family income was more than SLR 90,000.00. Overall, the environmental literacy (EL) was similar among students of three different types of schools. The type of permanent residence, discipline, and educational background of parents were recognized as determining factors of EL levels (p < 0.05). The environmental literacy knowledge of biological science students was the highest (44%), followed by mathematics (36%), art (32%), and commerce (28%). Furthermore, the EL of the biology discipline was significantly different from commerce (18%) and art (14%) students. Students acquired environmental knowledge from television and radio (44%), internet (22%), school (27%), and parents (7%). The A/L Curriculum evaluation results proved that much less environment-related components were included in the commerce, art, and mathematics subjects. Of the disciplines, geography (35%) and biological science (11%) included a higher amount of EL knowledge, comparatively. Students suggested that recycling/ reuse of waste conserves natural resources, the green building concept, and the use of public transportation to conserve the environment. This study recommends that environmental concepts should be integrated with formal G.C.E A/L syllabus with activity learning, especially for non-science disciplines, and that environment-related television and radio programs should be enhanced.
Study on Floor Heave Characteristics and the Control Method of Gob-Side Entry Driving in Weakly Cemented Soft Rock
Authors: Yang Xuerui , Yu Fenghai , Ma Chengfu , Zhang Tao , Wang Bo , Zhao Xin
Published: February 2023

Aiming at the problems of large deformation, long duration, and difficult control of floor heave in gob-side entry driving in weakly cemented soft rock, this paper takes the weakly cemented soft rock mining area in Western China as the engineering background, and studies the characteristics and mechanism of floor heave in gob-side entry driving in weakly cemented soft rock by means of a field investigation, physical component analysis, mechanical property tests of the surrounding rock, and the stress monitoring of the surrounding rock. The classification control method of floor heave is put forward, and field tests are conducted. The results show that: (1) The floor heave characteristics of the dynamic change in the floor heave peak position of gob-side entry driving from the coal pillar side to the mining side are obtained through field observation. (2) Based on the analysis of field data and laboratory test data, it is concluded that the stability time of the overlying strata in gob-side entry driving is about 8 to 12 months. The main internal cause of roadway floor heave is the low load resistance of weakly cemented soft rock. High stress and strong disturbances are the main power sources of strong floor heave. The mechanism of floor heave affected by dynamic lateral abutment pressure is summarized, and the classification control method of floor heave is proposed. (3) The gob-side entry driving support technologies of “adjusting excavation deployment” and “surrounding rock pressure relief and improving support” are proposed. Through field tests, the floor heave can be effectively controlled.
Through the Lens of Discourse Analysis: Transformational Leadership as a Leverage Point for Promoting Educational Sustainability
Authors: Qadan Enas , Jabarin Abdelnaser , Chaleila Wisam A.
Published: February 2023

This exploratory qualitative study sought to understand the role of transformational leadership in promoting educational sustainability (ES) through examining three classroom critical incidents. For this undertaking, the study employed a quadratic method integrating four theories: Ethnomethodology (particularly indexicality and contextualization), Flanders’ Interaction Analysis Categories (FIAC), Interactional Sociolinguistics (IS), and Transformational Leadership (TL). Two of the three incidents took place during face-to-face classes, while the third transpired online due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Analyses of teachers’ TL and communication strategies were administered, and each respective event was unfolded, explored, and evaluated qualitatively through a bidirectional model designed by the researchers. Data were collected and the study revealed that teachers demonstrated varied levels of TL based on their perceptions of incidents, the awareness of their professional roles as leaders, and the linguistic choices they made. In addition, analyzing the results of teachers’ discourses, TL was demonstrated to be a leverage point for promoting educational sustainability. Proven to be an effective tool, the bidirectional model can be advocated by policy makers to help teachers assume their roles as leaders, and even to qualify them as leaders.
Earliest Deadline First Scheduling for Real-Time Computing in Sustainable Sensors
Authors: Chetto Maryline , El Osta Rola
Published: February 2023

Energy harvesting is a green technology that authorizes small electronic devices to be supplied for perpetual operation. It enables wireless sensors to be integrated in applications that previously were not feasible with conventional battery-powered designs. Intermittent computing and scheduling are the two central aspects of designing a Real-Time Energy Harvesting (RTEH) sensor, generally used to monitor a mission critical process. Traditional scheduling algorithms fail to timely execute the hard deadline tasks because they accommodate no fluctuations in power supply and therefore no intermittent computing. A suitable energy-harvesting-aware scheduling algorithm has been proposed so as to achieve a higher schedulability rate. Unlike the classical EDF (Earliest Deadline First) scheduler, the ED-H algorithm is idling and clairvoyant, with an improved performance in terms of the deadline missing ratio. This paper reviews the main advances in dynamic priority scheduling based on EDF for energy-neutral systems.
Dissipative Quantum Criticality as a Source of Strange Metal Behavior
Authors: Grilli Marco , Di Castro Carlo , Mirarchi Giovanni , Seibold Götz , Caprara Sergio
Published: February 2023

The strange metal behavior, usually characterized by a linear-in-temperature (T) resistivity, is a still unsolved mystery in solid-state physics. It is often associated with the proximity to a quantum critical point (a second order transition at temperature T=0, leading to a broken symmetry phase) focusing on the related divergent order parameter correlation length. Here, we propose a paradigmatic shift, focusing on a divergent characteristic time scale due to a divergent dissipation acting on the fluctuating critical modes while their correlation length stays finite. To achieve a divergent dissipation, we propose a mechanism based on the coupling between a local order parameter fluctuation and electron density diffusive modes that accounts both for the linear-in-T resistivity and for the logarithmic specific heat versus temperature ratio CV/T∼log(1/T), down to low temperatures.
System Dynamics Analysis of the Relationship between Urban Transportation and Overall Citizen Satisfaction: A Case Study of Patras City, Greece
Authors: Mylonakou Menia , Chassiakos Athanasios , Karatzas Stylianos , Liappi Garyfallia
Published: February 2023

The main objective of this research is to evaluate how the transport sector affects the satisfaction of citizens. The model developed aims both at assessing the satisfaction of citizens and using it as a tool to measure the change in citizens’ satisfaction resulting from new mobility practices or policies. The developed scenarios are based on the principles of sustainability and the action plans concern: better accessibility conditions for alternative means of transport; improving travel safety; reducing air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption; increasing efficiency and effectiveness in the movement of people and goods; and enhancing the attractiveness and quality of the urban environment. The results reveal that it is necessary for local decision makers to take further measures to increase the overall satisfaction of citizens with the aim of prosperity and happiness of citizens within their city, and the proposed model can support the decision-making process. Utilizing the developed system dynamics model, it is possible to make simulations with new data and at the same time to evaluate the change they bring to the individual sectors and to the overall satisfaction of the citizens.
Does Artificial Intelligence Promote or Inhibit On-the-Job Learning? Human Reactions to AI at Work
Authors: Li Chao , Zhang Yuhan , Niu Xiaoru , Chen Feier , Zhou Hongyan
Published: February 2023

This paper examines how AI at work impacts on-the-job learning, shedding light on workers’ reactions to the groundbreaking AI technology. Based on theoretical analysis, six hypotheses are proposed regarding three aspects of AI’s influence on on-the-job learning. Empirical results demonstrate that AI significantly inhibits people’s on-the-job learning and this conclusion holds true in a series of robustness and endogeneity checks. The impact mechanism is that AI makes workers more pessimistic about the future, leading to burnout and less motivation for on-the-job learning. In addition, AI’s replacement, mismatch, and deskilling effects decrease people’s income while extending working hours, reducing their available financial resources and disposable time for further learning. Moreover, it has been found that AI’s impact on on-the-job learning is more prominent for older, female and less-educated employees, as well as those without labor contracts and with less job autonomy and work experience. In regions with more intense human–AI competition, more labor-management conflicts, and poorer labor protection, the inhibitory effect of AI on further learning is more pronounced. In the context of the fourth technological revolution driving forward the intelligent transformation, findings of this paper have important implications for enterprises to better understand employee behaviors and to promote them to acquire new skills to achieve better human–AI teaming.
Cyanobacterial Harmful Bloom Lipopolysaccharides Induce Pro-Inflammatory Effects in Immune and Intestinal Epithelial Cells In Vitro
Authors: Skočková Veronika , Vašíček Ondřej , Sychrová Eliška , Sovadinová Iva , Babica Pavel , Šindlerová Lenka
Published: February 2023

Freshwater cyanobacterial harmful blooms (CyanoHABs) produce a variety of toxic and bioactive compounds including lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). The gastrointestinal tract can be exposed to them via contaminated water even during recreational activities. However, there is no evidence of an effect of CyanoHAB LPSs on intestinal cells. We isolated LPSs of four CyanoHABs dominated by different cyanobacterial species and LPSs of four laboratory cultures representing the respective dominant cyanobacterial genera. Two intestinal and one macrophage cell lines were used to detect in vitro pro-inflammatory activity of the LPS. All LPSs isolated from CyanoHABs and laboratory cultures induced cytokines production in at least one in vitro model, except for LPSs from the Microcystis PCC7806 culture. LPSs isolated from cyanobacteria showed unique migration patterns in SDS-PAGE that were qualitatively distinct from those of endotoxins from Gram-negative bacteria. There was no clear relationship between the biological activity of the LPS and the share of genomic DNA of Gram-negative bacteria in the respective biomass. Thus, the total share of Gram-negative bacteria, or the presence of Escherichia coli-like LPSs, did not explain the observed pro-inflammatory activities. The pro-inflammatory properties of environmental mixtures of LPSs from CyanoHABs indicate their human health hazards, and further attention should be given to their assessment and monitoring.
Hemolysin Co-Regulatory Protein 1 Enhances the Virulence of Clinically Isolated Escherichia coli in KM Mice by Increasing Inflammation and Inducing Pyroptosis
Authors: Wang Hao , Lv Long-Bao , Chen Li-Ping , Xiao Jin-Long , Shen Jue , Gao Bin , Zhao Jin-Gang , Han Dong-Mei , Chen Bin-Xun , Wang Shuai , Liu Gen , Xin Ai-Guo , Xiao Peng , Gao Hong
Published: February 2023

Hemolysin-coregulated protein 1 (Hcp1) is an effector released by the type VI secretion system (T6SS) in certain pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) that causes apoptosis and contributes to the development of meningitis. The exact toxic consequences of Hcp1 and whether it intensifies the inflammatory response by triggering pyroptosis are yet unknown. Here, utilizing the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing method, we removed the gene expressing Hcp1 from wild-type E. coli W24 and examined the impact of Hcp1 on E. coli virulence in Kunming (KM) mice. It was found that Hcp1-sufficient E. coli was more lethal, exacerbating acute liver injury (ALI) and acute kidney injury (AKI) or even systemic infections, structural organ damage, and inflammatory factor infiltration. These symptoms were alleviated in mice infected with W24Δhcp1. Additionally, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which Hcp1 worsens AKI and found that pyroptosis is involved, manifested as DNA breaks in many renal tubular epithelial cells. Genes or proteins closely related to pyroptosis are abundantly expressed in the kidney. Most importantly, Hcp1 promotes the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the expression of active caspase-1, thereby cleaving GSDMD-N and accelerating the release of active IL-1β and ultimately leading to pyroptosis. In conclusion, Hcp1 enhances the virulence of E. coli, aggravates ALI and AKI, and promotes the inflammatory response; moreover, Hcp1-induced pyroptosis is one of the molecular mechanisms of AKI.
Comparative Analysis of Different Inbred Chicken Lines Highlights How a Hereditary Inflammatory State Affects Susceptibility to Avian Influenza Virus
Authors: Bryson Karen J. , Sives Samantha , Lee Hui-Min , Borowska Dominika , Smith Jacqueline , Digard Paul , Vervelde Lonneke
Published: February 2023

Evidence suggests that susceptibility to avian influenza A virus in chickens is influenced by host genetics, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. A previous study demonstrated that inbred line 0 chickens are more resistant to low-pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) infection than line CB.12 birds based on viral shedding, but the resistance was not associated with higher AIV-specific IFNγ responses or antibody titres. In this study, we investigated the proportions and cytotoxic capacity of T-cell subpopulations in the spleen and the early immune responses in the respiratory tract, analysing the innate immune transcriptome of lung-derived macrophages following in vitro stimulation with LPAI H7N1 or the TLR7 agonist R848. The more susceptible C.B12 line had a higher proportion of CD8αβ+ γδ and CD4+CD8αα+ αVβ1 T cells, and a significantly higher proportion of the CD8αβ+ γδ and CD8αβ+ αVβ1 T cells expressed CD107a, a surrogate marker of degranulation. Lung macrophages isolated from line C.B12 birds expressed higher levels of the negative regulator genes TRIM29 and IL17REL, whereas macrophages from line 0 birds expressed higher levels of antiviral genes including IRF10 and IRG1. After stimulation with R848, the macrophages from line 0 birds mounted a higher response compared to line C.B12 cells. Together, the higher proportion of unconventional T cells, the higher level of cytotoxic cell degranulation ex vivo and post-stimulation and the lower levels of antiviral gene expression suggest a potential role of immunopathology in mediating susceptibility in C.B12 birds.
Combined Use of RT-qPCR and NGS for Identification and Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern in Residual Clinical Laboratory Samples in Miami-Dade County, Florida
Authors: Carattini Yamina L. , Griswold Anthony , Williams Sion , Valiathan Ranjini , Zhou Yi , Shukla Bhavarth , Abbo Lilian M. , Parra Katiuska , Jorda Merce , Nimer Stephen D. , Sologon Corneliu , Gallegos Hilma R. , Weiss Roy E. , Ferreira Tanira , Memon Abdul , Paige Peter G. , Thomas Emmanuel , Andrews David M.
Published: February 2023

Over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) with increased transmissibility and immune escape capabilities, such as Delta and Omicron, have triggered waves of new COVID-19 infections worldwide, and Omicron subvariants continue to represent a global health concern. Tracking the prevalence and dynamics of VOCs has clinical and epidemiological significance and is essential for modeling the progression and evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic. Next generation sequencing (NGS) is recognized as the gold standard for genomic characterization of SARS-CoV-2 variants, but it is labor and cost intensive and not amenable to rapid lineage identification. Here we describe a two-pronged approach for rapid, cost-effective surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs by combining reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and periodic NGS with the ARTIC sequencing method. Variant surveillance by RT-qPCR included the commercially available TaqPath COVID-19 Combo Kit to track S-gene target failure (SGTF) associated with the spike protein deletion H69-V70, as well as two internally designed and validated RT-qPCR assays targeting two N-terminal-domain (NTD) spike gene deletions, NTD156-7 and NTD25-7. The NTD156-7 RT-qPCR assay facilitated tracking of the Delta variant, while the NTD25-7 RT-qPCR assay was used for tracking Omicron variants, including the BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5 lineages. In silico validation of the NTD156-7 and NTD25-7 primers and probes compared with publicly available SARS-CoV-2 genome databases showed low variability in regions corresponding to oligonucleotide binding sites. Similarly, in vitro validation with NGS-confirmed samples showed excellent correlation. RT-qPCR assays allow for near-real-time monitoring of circulating and emerging variants allowing for ongoing surveillance of variant dynamics in a local population. By performing periodic sequencing of variant surveillance by RT-qPCR methods, we were able to provide ongoing validation of the results obtained by RT-qPCR screening. Rapid SARS-CoV-2 variant identification and surveillance by this combined approach served to inform clinical decisions in a timely manner and permitted better utilization of sequencing resources.
Novel Nucleic Acid Detection for Human Parvovirus B19 Based on Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute Protein
Authors: Chen Weiran , Qiu Liyang , Luo Ting , Lu Zhongqin , Wang Xueying , Hong Qi , Luo Jingwen , Ma Lixin , Wang Yuan , Dong Yanming
Published: February 2023

Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is pathogenic to humans and causes various human diseases. However, no antiviral agents or vaccines currently exist for the treatment or prevention of B19V infection. Therefore, developing sensitive and specific methods for B19V infection diagnosis is essential for accurate diagnoses. Previously, a Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas12a (cpf1)-based electrochemical biosensor (E-CRISPR) with a picomole sensitivity for B19V detection was established. Herein, we set up a novel nucleic acid detection system based on Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute (PfAgo)-mediated nucleic acid detection, targeting the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) region of the B19V viral genome (abbreviated B19-NS1 PAND). Benefiting from independent protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequences, PfAgo can recognize their target with guide DNA (gDNA) that is easy to design and synthesize at a low cost. In contrast to E-CRISPR, without preamplification with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), the Minimum Detectable Concentration (MDC) of three guide- or single guide-mediated B19-NS1 PAND was about 4 nM, approximately 6-fold more than E-CRISPR. However, when introducing an amplification step, the MDC can be dramatically decreased to the aM level (54 aM). In addition, the diagnostic results from clinical samples with B19-NS1 PAND revealed 100% consistency with PCR assays and subsequent Sanger sequencing tests, which may assist in molecular testing for clinical diagnosis and epidemiological investigations of B19V.
Host–Pathogen Interactions Influencing Zoonotic Spillover Potential and Transmission in Humans
Authors: Escudero-Pérez Beatriz , Lalande Alexandre , Mathieu Cyrille , Lawrence Philip
Published: February 2023

Emerging infectious diseases of zoonotic origin are an ever-increasing public health risk and economic burden. The factors that determine if and when an animal virus is able to spill over into the human population with sufficient success to achieve ongoing transmission in humans are complex and dynamic. We are currently unable to fully predict which pathogens may appear in humans, where and with what impact. In this review, we highlight current knowledge of the key host–pathogen interactions known to influence zoonotic spillover potential and transmission in humans, with a particular focus on two important human viruses of zoonotic origin, the Nipah virus and the Ebola virus. Namely, key factors determining spillover potential include cellular and tissue tropism, as well as the virulence and pathogenic characteristics of the pathogen and the capacity of the pathogen to adapt and evolve within a novel host environment. We also detail our emerging understanding of the importance of steric hindrance of host cell factors by viral proteins using a “flytrap”-type mechanism of protein amyloidogenesis that could be crucial in developing future antiviral therapies against emerging pathogens. Finally, we discuss strategies to prepare for and to reduce the frequency of zoonotic spillover occurrences in order to minimize the risk of new outbreaks.
Congenital Zika Syndrome and Disabilities of Feeding and Breastfeeding in Early Childhood: A Systematic Review
Authors: Antoniou Evangelia , Andronikidi Paraskevi Eva , Eskitzis Panagiotis , Iliadou Maria , Palaska Ermioni , Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou Maria , Rigas Nikolaos , Orovou Eirini
Published: February 2023

Background: The Zika virus outbreak has affected pregnant women and their infants. Affected infants develop microcephaly and other congenital malformations referred to as congenital Zika syndrome. The neurological manifestations of congenital Zika syndrome may result in some feeding disorders, including dysphagia, swallowing dysfunction and choking while feeding. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of feeding and breastfeeding difficulties in children with congenital Zika syndrome and to estimate the risk of developing feeding disabilities. Methods: We searched PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus for studies published from 2017 to 2021. From the total of 360 papers, reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and publications in languages other than English were excluded. Therefore, the final sample of our study consisted of 11 articles about the feeding/breastfeeding difficulties of infants and children with congenital Zika syndrome. Results: Infants and children with congenital Zika syndrome were likely to suffer from feeding difficulties at various levels, including breastfeeding. Dysphagia problems ranged from 17.9% to 70%, and nutritional and non-nutritive suckling of infants was also affected. Conclusions: In addition to continuing to investigate the neurodevelopment of affected children, future research should also focus on the severity of factors influencing the degree of dysphagia, as well as the impact of breastfeeding on the child’s overall development.
HSV1716 Prevents Myeloma Cell Regrowth When Combined with Bortezomib In Vitro and Significantly Reduces Systemic Tumor Growth in Mouse Models
Authors: Tazzyman Simon , Stewart Georgia R. , Yeomans James , Linford Adam , Lath Darren , Conner Joe , Muthana Munitta , Chantry Andrew D. , Lawson Michelle A.
Published: February 2023

Multiple myeloma remains largely incurable due to refractory disease; therefore, novel treatment strategies that are safe and well-tolerated are required. Here, we studied the modified herpes simplex virus HSV1716 (SEPREHVIR®), which only replicates in transformed cells. Myeloma cell lines and primary patient cells were infected with HSV1716 and assessed for cell death using propidium iodide (PI) and Annexin-V staining and markers of apoptosis and autophagy by qPCR. Myeloma cell death was associated with dual PI and Annexin-V positivity and increased expression of apoptotic genes, including CASP1, CASP8, CASP9, BAX, BID, and FASL. The combination of HSV1716 and bortezomib treatments prevented myeloma cell regrowth for up to 25 days compared to only transient cell growth suppression with bortezomib treatment. The viral efficacy was tested in a xenograft (JJN-3 cells in NSG mice) and syngeneic (murine 5TGM1 cells in C57BL/KaLwRijHsd mice) systemic models of myeloma. After 6 or 7 days, the post-tumor implantation mice were treated intravenously with the vehicle or HSV1716 (1 × 107 plaque forming units/1 or 2 times per week). Both murine models treated with HSV1716 had significantly lower tumor burden rates compared to the controls. In conclusion, HSV1716 has potent anti-myeloma effects and may represent a novel therapy for multiple myeloma.
Effect of Moderate to Severe Hepatic Steatosis on Vaccine Immunogenicity against Wild-Type and Mutant Virus and COVID-19 Infection among BNT162b2 Recipients
Authors: Cheung Ka Shing , Lam Lok Ka , Mao Xianhua , Tan Jing Tong , Ooi Poh Hwa , Zhang Ruiqi , Chan Kwok Hung , Hung Ivan F. N. , Seto Wai Kay , Yuen Man Fung
Published: February 2023

Background: We aimed to investigate the effect of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on BNT162b2 immunogenicity against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and variants and infection outcome, as data are lacking. Methods: Recipients of two doses of BNT162b2 were prospectively recruited. Outcomes of interest were seroconversion of neutralizing antibody by live virus microneutralization (vMN) to SARS-CoV-2 strains (wild-type, delta and omicron variants) at day 21, 56 and 180 after first dose. Exposure of interest was moderate-to-severe NAFLD (controlled attenuation parameter ≥ 268 dB/M on transient elastography). We calculated adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of infection with NAFLD by adjusting for age, sex, overweight/obesity, diabetes and antibiotic use. Results: Of 259 BNT162b2 recipients (90 (34.7%) male; median age: 50.8 years (IQR: 43.6–57.8)), 68 (26.3%) had NAFLD. For wild type, there was no difference in seroconversion rate between NAFLD and control groups at day 21 (72.1% vs. 77.0%; p = 0.42), day 56 (100% vs. 100%) and day 180 (100% and 97.2%; p = 0.22), respectively. For the delta variant, there was no difference also at day 21 (25.0% vs. 29.5%; p = 0.70), day 56 (100% vs. 98.4%; p = 0.57) and day 180 (89.5% vs. 93.3%; p = 0.58), respectively. For the omicron variant, none achieved seroconversion at day 21 and 180. At day 56, there was no difference in seroconversion rate (15.0% vs. 18.0%; p = 0.76). NAFLD was not an independent risk factor of infection (aOR: 1.50; 95% CI: 0.68–3.24). Conclusions: NAFLD patients receiving two doses of BNT162b2 had good immunogenicity to wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and the delta variant but not the omicron variant, and they were not at higher risk of infection compared with controls.
Recent Developments in Mpox Prevention and Treatment Options
Authors: Malik Shiza , Ahmad Tahir , Ahsan Omar , Muhammad Khalid , Waheed Yasir
Published: February 2023

Human mpox is an emerging epidemic in the world. The monkey pox virus (MPXV) belongs to the same family of zoonotic Orthopoxviridae as that of the smallpox virus and exhibits similar clinical symptomology. Information regarding its diagnostics, disease epidemiology, surveillance, preventive methods, and treatment strategies are being collated with time. The purpose of this review is to trace the recent events in the scientific platform that have defined new preventive and treatment strategies against mpox. A methodological approach has been used to gather data from the latest literature to comprehensively overview the emerging treatment options. The results portion will cover details regarding the prevention of mpox. It will also shed light on a brief description of contemporary vaccines and antiviral agents that have been evaluated for their treatment potential since the emergence of the mpox threat. These treatment options are setting the pace for controlling the widespread monkeypox infection. However, the limitations attached to these treatment strategies need to be tackled quickly to increase their efficacy so that they can be deployed on a large scale for the prevention of this epidemic becoming another pandemic in this decade.
Characterizing Free-Living and Particle-Attached Bacterial Communities of a Shallow Lake on the Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Plateau, China
Authors: Wang Yanjun , Shi Xiaohong , Zhao Shengnan , Sun Biao , Liu Yu , Li Wenbao , Yu Haifeng , Tian Zhiqiang , Guo Xin , Shi Yujiao , Cui Zhimou , Zhang Hao
Published: February 2023

Bacteria play a critical role in the material and energy-cycling processes of lake ecosystems. To understand the characteristics of the bacterial community in Wuliangsuhai Lake in spring, we explored the influence of environmental factors on the community structure of particle-attached bacteria (PA) and free-living bacteria (FL) in the water column of Wuliangsuhai Lake. In this study, we analyzed the bacterial community characteristics of 10 sampling sites in Wuliangsuhai Lake in April 2019 based on the high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to analyze the influence of environmental factors on bacterial communities in lake water. The results showed the following: (1) The relative abundance of bacteria in Wuliangsuhai Lake did not significantly differ among the 10 sampling sites, and the dominant bacterial phyla were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. In addition, the community diversity of particle-attached (PA) was higher than that of free-living (FL). (2) The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in PA (28.83%~54.67%) was significantly higher than that of FL (10.56%~28.44%), the relative abundance of Actinobacteria in the number of PA (20.02%~61.61%) was lower than that of FL (8.18%~16.71%), and the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia in the PA (0.55%~13.11%) was higher than that of FL (0.05%~6.31%). (3) The redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that transparency, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and NH4+-N were the main factors influencing the dominant bacterial communities in Wuliangsuhai Lake. This study provides the basis for further research on bacterial communities in freshwater lakes and may help local governments in the management of the water resources of Wuliangsuhai Lake.
Historical Review on Water Level Changes in Lake Kinneret (Israel) and Incomparable Perspectives
Authors: Gophen Moshe
Published: February 2023

A long-term (1933–2022) record of water level (WL) fluctuations in Lake Kinneret was reviewed. The dependence of the Kinneret WL management on climate change (flood–dryness alternate), dam and National Water Carrier (NWC) constructions constrained by water availability and domestic supply demands were indicated. A short-term range of maximal WL decline of 4–6 m and 4.6–6.5% of the total surface area of lake water shrinkage in Lake Kinneret was documented. Nevertheless, incomparably longer periods and higher amplitudes of WL decline accompanied by a dramatic shrinking of the water surface were documented in Lake Tchad, the Aral Sea and Lake Sivan (SAT). Therefore, the comparative results of WL decline in Lake Kinneret and in other lakes as SAT are not justified.
Hydrological Vulnerability Assessment of Riverine Bridges: The Bajo Grau Bridge Case Study
Authors: Espinoza Vigil Alain Jorge , Booker Julian
Published: February 2023

Analysing the hydrological vulnerability of important structures such as bridges is essential to ensuring people’s safety. This research proposes a methodology to assess the hydrological vulnerability of riverine bridges through a case study of the Bajo Grau Bridge in the city of Arequipa, Peru. Topological and hydrometrical data collection play an important role in the study. A topographic surveying of the bridge and the streambed were carried out, followed by a series of annual maximum flow rates which were compiled, fitted with empirical and theoretical distribution functions, and used in a probability analysis. Based on this process, the flow rates were estimated for six scenarios based on different return periods and critical conditions. Once the hydrological study was completed, the system was modelled using HEC-RAS. The hydraulic simulation, as well as the soil mechanics study, provided the parameters to calculate the scour in the bridge substructure, the potential erosion in the deck, and the possibility of flooding in the superstructure. A hydrological vulnerability assessment matrix with ten criteria subdivided in environmental and physical vulnerabilities was designed and used to determine that the bridge has a high hydrological vulnerability. The proposed methodology can be adapted and transferred to assess other bridges with similar characteristics.
Field Evaluation of UF Filtration Pretreatment Impact on RO Membrane Scaling
Authors: Jarma Yakubu A. , Thompson John , Khan Bilal M. , Cohen Yoram
Published: February 2023

Pretreatment of reverse osmosis (RO) feed water of high mineral scaling propensity was evaluated with respect to downstream RO membrane scaling, for two different feed pretreatment configurations. The pretreatment schemes included (i) media sand filtration, followed by a hydrocyclone (HC) and (ii) a hydrocyclone, microfilter, and a UF module, where both configurations included mesh screens for added protection. The first pretreatment configuration reduced the source water turbidity to ~0.5 NTU, while treatment that included UF feed yielded turbidity of <˜0.1 NTU; both pretreatment strategies provided feed water turbidity within the range recommended for RO desalination. Membrane scaling tests, with the pretreated water without antiscalant dosing, using a plate-and-frame RO unit and a membrane monitoring system, provided real-time membrane surface images that were quantified with respect to the progression of mineral scaling. RO desalting of source water pretreated with the first configuration revealed flux decline that was 75% greater and scale coverage (primarily gypsum) a factor of approximately eight higher relative to desalting of UF-treated source water. The results suggest that RO desalting of high mineral scaling propensity water can significantly benefit from added UF treatment to achieve feedwater turbidity to well below the typically recommended 0.5 NTU upper limit.
Implications of a Large River Discharge on the Dynamics of a Tide-Dominated Amazonian Estuary
Authors: Silva Ariane M. M. , Glover Hannah E. , Josten Mariah E. , Gomes Vando J. C. , Ogston Andrea S. , Asp Nils E.
Published: February 2023

Estuaries along the Amazonian coast are subjected to both a macrotidal regime and seasonally high fluvial discharge, both of which generate complex circulation. Furthermore, the Amazon River Plume (ARP) influences coastal circulation and suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs). The Gurupi estuary, located south of the mouth of the Amazon River, is relatively unstudied. This study evaluates how the Gurupi estuary dynamics respond to seasonal discharge and the varying influence of the ARP using cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys of morphology, hydrodynamics, and sediment transport. The Gurupi was classified as a tide-dominated estuary based on morphology and mean hydrodynamic conditions. However, the estuary was only partially mixed during both the wet and dry seasons. The tides propagated asymmetrically and hypersynchronously, with flood dominance during the dry season and ebb dominance during the rainy season. Seasonal variations of the ARP did not significantly affect the hydrodynamic structure of the lower Gurupi estuary. Estuarine turbidity maxima (ETM) were observed in both seasons, although the increase in fluvial discharge during the wet season attenuated and shifted the ETM seaward. Little sediment was delivered to the estuary by the river, and the SSCs were higher at the mouth in both seasons. Sediment was strongly imported during the dry season by tidal asymmetry. The morphology, hydrodynamics, and sediment dynamics all highlight the importance of considering both fluvial discharge and coastal influences on estuaries along the Amazon coast.
The Yamnaya Impact North of the Lower Danube: A Tale of Newcomers and Locals
Authors: Preda-Bălănică Bianca , Frînculeasa Alin , Heyd Volker
Published: February 2023

This paper aims to provide an overview of the current understanding in Yamnaya burials from north of the Lower Danube, particularly focussing on their relationship with supposed local archaeological cultures/ societies. Departing from a decades-long research history and latest archaeological finds from Romania, it addresses key

research basics on the funerary archaeology of their kurgans and burials ; their material culture and chronology ; on steppe predecessors and Katakombnaya successors ; and links with neighbouring regions as well as the wider southeast European context. Taking into account some reflections from latest ancient DNA revelations, there can be no doubt a substantial migration has taken place around 3000 BC, with Yamnaya populations originating from the Caspian-Pontic steppe pushing westwards. However already the question if such accounts for the term of ’ Mass Migrations’ cannot be satisfactorily answered, as we are only about to begin to understand the demographics in this process. A further complication is trying to assess who is a newcomer and who is a local in an interaction scenario

that lasts for c. 500 years. Identities are not fixed, may indeed transform, as previous newcomers soon turn into locals, while others are just visitors. Nevertheless, this well-researched region of geographical transition from lowland eastern Europe to the hillier parts of temperate Europe provides an ideal starting point to address such questions, being currently also at the heart of the intense discussion about what is identity in the context of the emerging relationship of Archaeology and Genetics.
Du Bout-du-Monde (Les Eyzies, Dordogne, France) jusqu’à Neuchâtel (Suisse) : itinéraire et nature d’une collection d’art mobilier paléolithique (collection Vogt, Laténium)
Authors: Chauvière François-Xavier , Kaeser Marc-Antoine
Published: February 2023

La collection Vogt du Laténium (Neuchâtel, Suisse) comprend six pièces d’art mobilier paléolithique, gravées et/ ou sculptées, totalement ou partiellement inédites. Ce matériel archéologique provient de l’abri-sous-roche du Bout-du-Monde (Les Eyzies, Dordogne, France), fouillé entre 1908 et 1910 par un dénommé Lucas, instituteur-adjoint aux Eyzies, puis en 1945 par Denis Peyrony (1869-1954), qui en a établi la stratigraphie et l’archéoséquence. Si la présence de la phase moyenne du Magdalénien n’est que possible, en revanche, les stades supérieur et final du Magdalénien, ainsi que l’Azilien, sont bien attestés. La collection Vogt comprend un bâton percé en bois de renne, un fragment de scapula de cheval, un fragment de mandibule et une portion diaphysaire de tibia de renne, une hémi-côte façonnée du type «spatule en os » , et un galet calcaire. Une gravure sur plaquette de schiste, connue uniquement par un relevé d’Henri Breuil et non localisée, complète l’inventaire. Les tracés paléolithiques renvoient à des images de bison, renne, cheval, poisson et félin ( ?). Une attribution plus ancienne que le Magdalénien moyen pour cet art mobilier non localisé dans la stratigraphie du gisement n’est pas envisagée. La question d’une chronologie plus basse que le Magdalénien supérieur (Azilien) est laissée ouverte, dans l’attente de datation directe du matériel organique. Si Lucas a vendu, dès la fin de ses fouilles, le matériel du Bout-du-Monde à Otto Hauser (1874-1932), ces pièces ont ensuite été acquises par un «amateur suisse » qui semble bien être Emil Vogt (1906-1974), figure notable de la préhistoire européenne du XXe siècle, avant d’être finalement revendues en 1991 par ses héritiers et acquises pour le Laténium. Cet ensemble est représentatif de la dynamique des transferts d’antiquités préhistoriques entre la Suisse et la France, depuis le milieu du xixe siècle. Caractérisées par une exportation généralisée de matériaux palafittiques suisses, les stratégies d’acquisition des collectionneurs sont contrebalancées, pour l’essentiel, en Suisse, par l’importation ciblée de vestiges archéologiques issus des sites de référence paléolithiques du Périgord, notamment des pièces d’art mobilier.
ChatGPT Performance on MCQ Exams in Higher Education. A Pragmatic Scoping Review
Authors: Newton Philip Mark , Xiromeriti Maira
Published: February 2023

Background. Media coverage suggests that ChatGPT can pass exams based on Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs), including those used to qualify doctors, lawyers, scientists etc. Objectives. We aimed to review current research evidence regarding the performance of ChatGPT on MCQ-based exams, along with recommendations for how educators might address the challenges and benefits of ChatGPT.Eligibility Criteria. Studies testing the performance of ChatGPT on MCQ-based exams in Higher Education. All disciplines and languages were included although the research itself was published in English.Results. 53 studies were included, covering 114 question sets, totalling 49014 MCQs. Free versions of ChatGPT based upon GPT-3/3.5 performed better than random guessing but failed most exams, performing significantly worse than the average human student. GPT-4 passed most exams with a performance that was on a par with human subjects. Conclusions. All summative MCQ-based assessments should be conducted under secure conditions with restricted access to ChatGPT and similar tools, particularly those which assess foundational knowledge. Authentic assessments could incorporate student use of ChatGPT since, due to its excellent performance, graduates will almost certainly be using it in practice.
Electrolyte potentials and impedance measurement of polymer electrolyte membrane CO2 reduction electrolyzer
Authors: Murakami Takeharu , Morishita Kei , Koike Kazuki , Fujii Katsushi , Wada Satoshi
Published: February 2023

In electrochemical CO2 reduction reactors, polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) reactors, also known as zero-gap cells, have great potential for achieving significant CO2 reduction. Because these cells have a thin reactor core with a thickness of several hundred micrometers, it is difficult to determine their internal voltage distribution. To determine the anode voltage, ohmic loss in the membrane, and cathode voltage in the PEM reactors, we set three reference electrodes in the reactor and investigated the voltage values obtained from each reference electrode. We demonstrated that the reference electrode in contact with the anion exchange membrane extending to the outside of the cell provides the most reliable voltage. The voltage measured by this reference, combined with the resistance of the exchange membrane obtained through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, provides a breakdown of the voltage inside the cell.
Persepsi Siswa Terhadap Peran Guru Bimbingan dan Konseling di Sekolah
Authors: Sanjaya Lia Nur
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: melihat bagaimana persepsi siswa terhadap peran guru bk disekolah, penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif, yaitu memberikan gambaran atau mendeskripsikan suatu fenomena sosial secara statistik. Hal ini sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian, yaitu untuk memeroleh informasi atau gambaran tentang Persepsi Siswa Mengenai Peran Guru BK. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMPN 34 Semarang dengan mengambil beberapa siswa kelas 8 dengan jumlah 95 orang, hasil respon dari mereka beberapa memiliki persepsi negatif dan beberapa memilih respon positif. Dari hasil yang diperoleh semoga kedepannya guru bk disekolah lebih baik lagi dalam memberikan layanan agar tidak adanya persepsi negatif.