bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creating the Business Processes Performance and MSME Performance
Authors: Muafi Muafi , Liestyana Yuli
Published: February 2025

The environmental problems around the world are pushing Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to implement strategies that include sustainable ecological systems, agile, lean, and environmentally friendly manufacturing, and adopting cost-effective and competitive strategies to protect their position in a competitive business environment. Operations carried out by MSMEs cannot be separated from the emergence of environmental impacts because every activity to generate value-added also generates waste. All supply chain management units contribute to environmental problems. This article presents the importance of adopting GSCM in achieving business process performance, which will also improve the performance of MSMEs. This study offers a conceptual framework for GSCM adoption, business process performance, and MSMEs performance. It also offers propositions on how GSCM adoption can create business process performance and SME performance.
Recycled Waste Plastic for Asphalt Manufacturing to Degrade Ecological Footprints in ASEAN
Authors: Musari Khairunnisa , Sakti Muhammad Rizky Prima
Published: February 2025

Plastic waste is one of the industrial wastes that dominates and is crucial for the environment. In the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region, plastic waste is a serious problem for sustainable industry, particularly in the manufacturing industry. This chapter will focus on the best practices for the deployment of waste plastic in asphalt manufacturing for road construction. Recycled plastic upgrades the power of the asphalt concrete mix and lessens the number of bitumen used. This is an economical option. The carbon footprint that is connected to asphalt and concrete also can be degenerated. Therefore, through a literature study, this chapter highlights three issues, namely: (1) The best practices of several asphalt manufacturing companies in ASEAN that use recycled waste plastic; (2) The opportunity for plastic waste in asphalt manufacturing to degrade ecological footprints; and (3) Provide policy analysis from the Islamic economics and finance approach. In the last sections, this chapter concludes the entire chapter and presents policy recommendations.
Leveraging Artificial Intelligence to Combat Human Trafficking
Authors: Chandra Saurabh
Published: February 2025

AI has a huge potential to address human trafficking through improved detection, prevention, and intervention strategies. AI can be empowered further, to be more dynamically engaged in the fight against traffickers, cybercrimes, and other threats. Utilizing machine learning algorithms, AI analyzes big data from social media, online ads, and travel data to recognize patterns and assess risk for trafficking victims. The hidden traffickers and victims may have been discovered more easily by using AI tools such as natural language processing and face recognition. And finally, AI can enhance collaboration among international law enforcement agencies, providing real-time data sharing and predictive analytics for more coordinated responses. The scope of anti-trafficking efforts can be greatly enhanced with similar tools and mechanisms offered by AI to scale efforts and prevention mechanisms for this global crisis.
The Integration of AI in Performance Appraisal
Authors: Lim Thean Pheng , Ravesangar Kamalesh
Published: February 2025

Integrating artificial intelligence into human resource management practices, particularly in performance appraisal, transforms how organisations evaluate and manage employee performance. AI-driven systems offer enhanced accuracy and efficiency through continuous data collection and analysis. Yet, human judgement remains indispensable in capturing the nuances of employee behaviour, interpersonal dynamics, and organisational culture. This chapter explores the balance between AI-driven automation and human oversight in performance appraisal, emphasising the need for a hybrid model that leverages both strengths. This chapter examines AI's role in performance management, focusing on its advantages and limitations. It also offers a conceptual model to integrate artificial intelligence with human judgment. This framework highlights the critical role of human judgment, ensuring that AI enhances rather than supplants human decision-making processes. By leveraging the complementary strengths of AI and human insight, organisations can develop equitable and efficient evaluation systems.
Bridging Forensic Science, Legal Standards, and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Ravesangar Kamalesh , Raghav Richa , Raghav Anjali , Jain Ashima
Published: February 2025

The analytical framework outlines the intersection of forensic science, legal standards, and artificial intelligence (AI); the potential of AI as a transformative technology; as well as the challenges it poses when integrated into forensic applications. This technology provides forensic specialists with benefits to speed up processes, enabling more effective investigation efforts. But the use of AI in the law poses serious concerns about dependability, transparency, and fairness. This chapter delves into the current legal standards surrounding forensic evidence, evaluates the impact of AI-based techniques on these frameworks, and calls for strengthened regulatory responses to uphold the admissibility and integrity of AI-supported forensic evidence in the legal process. By examining case examples and recently observed tendencies, this chapter seeks to offer an effective guide on the potential routes for incorporating artificial intelligence into forensic science at an appropriate balance with legal ideals and individual rights considerations.
Enhancing Security Intelligence Through Biometrics
Authors: Arora Manmeet Kaur Kaur , Hammouch Hind , Singh Bhupinder , Lal Sahil
Published: February 2025

The focus is biometric technologies and security intelligence systems. It points out that biometric technology could enhance security measures and also enumerates some of the challenges attached thereto. Biometrics measures and statistically analyses the unique physical or behavioural properties of individuals, provides a robust alternative to traditional authentication methods. The future in this area includes multimodal biometrics, continuous authentication technology, and artificial intelligence integration with blockchain technology. These innovations promise to increase accuracy and user convenience while simultaneously addressing some vulnerabilities, like spoofing and algorithmic bias. However, a range of issues accompany the adoption of biometric technologies. Due to technical constraints, public perception, and legal complications, large numbers of people have yet been unable to use these in everyday life. The chapter points out how to establish public confidence through openness, good business practices, and legislative compliance.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Business Model Innovation
Authors: Reddy Cemarala Sai Charan , Sharma Sanjeev
Published: February 2025

Businesses are fundamentally changing because of AI, allowing for a greater focus on creativity. The chapter introduces advancements in AI like machine learning, predictive analytics, and natural language processing that help boost customer service, operational efficiencies and asset monetization opportunities. Key considerations will include personalized customer engagements, process efficiencies, optimizing resources and planning to set up new business models—subscription-based services/platform economies, etc. Emerging technologies like artificial intelligence have broader implications in e-commerce, finance, manufacturing—showing how firms use AI strategies to gain competitive advantage and foster business growth. In addition, the chapter addresses ethical considerations like bias, privacy as well as workforce implications and their role in ensuring responsible AI practices. AI can improve flexibility, realizing the highest level of value and maintaining competitive advantage.
Multivariate analysis of near additions for presbyopic patients at a rural optometry clinic
Authors: Maluleke Khisimusi D. , Hasrod Nabeela , Rubin Alan
Published: February 2025

Background: Presbyopia is often overlooked in refractive error distribution analysis. This article employs multivariate analysis to address this gap, enhancing understanding of means, outliers and variations through graphical data presentation.Aim: To analyse the distribution of near-corrective optical additions for presbyopic patients over 2 years at a rural optometry clinic.Setting: The study was conducted at Sekororo District Hospital, South Africa.Methods: Non-cycloplegic near-refractive error data for presbyopic patients who visited the clinic at the district hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were extracted from the hospital’s records. The records were randomly divided into two groups for 2018 and 2019. Meridional plots and stereo-pair scatter plots were used to analyse the refractive states for the right (OD) and left (OS) eyes.Results: In the 2018 sample, the clinical means for OD and OS were +1.33 ‒0.32 × 90 and +2.01 ‒0.37 × 77, respectively. Similarly, for the 2019 sample, the clinical means for OD and OS were +2.01 ‒0.32 × 82 and +1.82 ‒0.18 × 95, respectively. The data were not normally distributed, and outliers were present. Sample variances were spherical rather than astigmatic.Conclusion: Deviation from the normality showed that the data for OD and OS were mainly mildly positively skewed. Much of the variation in the refractive state was spherical (the stigmatic) irrespective of the laterality.Contribution: The article makes a valuable contribution to the current understanding of multivariate analysis, in academic training including optometry fraternity, as it pertains to the refractive state of the eyes in a rural optometry clinic.
Water service delivery challenges in Modimolle-Mookgophong Local Municipality, Limpopo, South Africa
Authors: Seema Tumelo C. , Molepo John N. , Maleka Caiphus M.
Published: February 2025

Background: Water is not equally accessible, and climate change is altering patterns of weather and rainwater around the world, causing shortages that will both intensify water scarcity and threaten the quality of the current water supply.Aim: The study analyses the effectiveness of Modimolle-Mookgophong Local Municipality (MMLM) in provisioning water services. This study took place in the Limpopo province of South Africa.Methods: A mixed-method approach was adopted under a pragmatic paradigm. The researcher used both probability and non-probability sampling techniques, including random and purposive sampling, to select participants for interviews and questionnaires. This was done to understand the challenges of water service delivery among the MMLM community members.Results: Research findings revealed that the MMLM operates at about 70% capacity as a Water Service Authority. The water system, mostly asbestos pipes, is heavily deteriorated, affecting around 80% of the network. Frequent winter pipe bursts particularly common in winter and illegal connections in informal settlements further strain water provision.Conclusion: The study established that MMLM faces several service delivery challenges related to the delivery of water. Although the local government has the primary constitutional obligation to deliver basic services such as water provisioning, the national and provincial governments should play a significant role in supporting municipalities to fulfil these obligations.Contribution: This study will benefit municipalities and officials in improving future water service delivery. It will also guide other local municipalities facing similar challenges, helping establish a more efficient and effective water service system.
Spatiotemporal analysis of African swine fever in wild boar in Serbia from 2020 to 2024
Authors: Glišić Dimitrije , Šolaja Sofija , Veljović Ljubisa , Maksimović-Zorić Jelena , Milićević Vesna
Published: February 2025

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly fatal viral haemorrhagic disease affecting pigs. This study uses official surveillance data to investigate the persistence and spread of ASF in wild boar populations in Serbia from 2020 to 2024. A total of 480 ASF cases were analysed, with spatiotemporal clustering conducted via SaTScan™ and proximity analyses performed in the Quantum Geographic Information System. The yearly prevalence of ASF in wild boar rose steadily from 0.66% in 2020 to 1.47% in 2023. Seasonal trends showed a significant increase in cases during winter (68%) and spring (24%). Five distinct clusters were identified, predominantly near the borders with North Macedonia and Bulgaria, suggesting potential cross-border transmission. Proximity to major roads was significantly associated with ASF case distribution (p  0.01), while proximity to water bodies and elevation showed no consistent pattern. The findings highlight critical gaps in current passive surveillance systems, which likely underestimate ASF prevalence. The study underscores the need for enhanced surveillance in remote and wooded areas and proposes strategies to improve ASF monitoring and control in wild boar populations.Contribution: This study highlights the feasibility of cost-effective, non-invasive surveillance methods for ASF detection, offering critical insights for low-income countries where resources for intensive disease monitoring are limited. By demonstrating how environmental and anthropogenic factors drive ASF dynamics, this research provides actionable strategies for improving regional and global ASF control efforts.
From mother tongue to English: A language policy shift at a multilingual township school in Gauteng
Authors: Sibanda Rockie , Tshehla Lina P.
Published: February 2025

Background: Given the lack of research into English language instruction in multilingual contexts, this study explored the switch from mother tongue to English in a South African township school.Aim: This study aims to find out how teachers and parents view the implementation of English as a medium of instruction.Setting: The study was conducted at a multilingual township primary school that implemented an English-medium instruction policy from the foundation phase.Methods: A case study approach was applied to this qualitative research study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four foundation phase teachers and three parents of learners. In addition, observations of the classes of the selected teachers were made, and the data were analysed thematically.Results: The findings suggest that the English medium of instruction poses barriers to effective learning and teaching at the foundation phase. For most township learners, English is not the dominant language in their everyday interactions, and they have limited contact with the language outside the classroom. In addition, most teachers struggle to use English as a medium of instruction.Conclusion: Although some schools have shifted to an English medium policy, the decision appears ill-conceived because its success is insignificant in South Africa, where English is the first additional language for most learners and teachers.Contribution: The findings offer a research framework formulated by integrating past literature, and a theoretical framework for understanding the English medium of instruction where learners are exposed to multiple languages.
Exploring the necessity of corporate dynamic capability and sustainable performance
Authors: Mingxing Li , Zhiqiang Ma , Ge Bailin , Xinping Song , Heydari Mohammad , Bwabo Maulid H.
Published: February 2025

Background: Many studies navigated corporate dynamic capability’s direct and indirect effects on sustainable performance. However, there is an empirical literature conundrum regarding the sufficient and necessary condition of corporate dynamic capability that can enhance the sustainable performance of microfirms.Aim: The main goal of this study is to explore the necessary and sufficient conditions for corporate dynamic capabilities that support sustainable performance and to determine if agility mediates the relationships between knowledge sharing, managerial cognitive capabilities, sensing capabilities, and sustainable performance.Setting: This study surveyed 440 Tanzanian dairy microfirms between July 2021 and January 2022.Method: Partial least squares-path modeling (PLS-PM) and necessary conditions analysis (NCA) were applied from the data collected from 602 managers and employees of microfirms in Tanzania.Results: The study confirmed that a higher degree of agility, and sensing capability among employees is necessary and sufficient for achieving sustainable performance of microfirms. Agility possibly confounds the relationships between sensing capability, knowledge sharing and managerial cognitive capability on sustainable performance.Conclusion: Knowledge sharing, agility and sensing capability are crucial for sustainable performance, while other dynamic capability factors are not critically sufficient and necessary for growth.Contribution: The study offers valuable insights by identifying critical levels of agility, knowledge sharing, managerial cognitive capability, and sensing capability sufficient for sustainable performance in dairy microfirms. It also provides empirical evidence of agility’s complementary role in mediating the effects of knowledge sharing, sensing capability, and managerial cognitive capability on sustainable performance.
A Rare Case of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Presenting as an Acute Focal Neurological Deficit with Autoimmune Hepatitis-related Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Shahid Rizwana
Published: February 2025

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) accounts for approximately 0.5%–1% of all strokes. The onset of CVST is usually subacute to chronic, and common clinical presentations are headaches and focal neurological deficits. Patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) are at risk of bleeding as well as venous thromboembolic events. Deep venous thrombosis, thrombosis involving the portal, splanchnic, and hepatic veins, and pulmonary embolism are commonly reported with CLD; however, CVST is not a recognized complication. There are occasional case reports of CVST with hepatitis A or C-related CVST; however, we were unable to find any report of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH)-related CVST in the literature; therefore, we report the case of a 56-year-old female, diagnosed with AIH-related CLD, who presented with sudden-onset confusion and decreased verbal output. She did not have any provoking or underlying hypercoagulable disorder. Her computed tomography (CT) head, followed by magnetic resonance imaging brain, revealed evidence of cerebral venous infarction, and a CT venogram revealed extensive venous sinus thrombosis. Her coagulation profile was deranged, and workup for hypercoagulable state was negative. It was a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to anticoagulate in the presence of significant derangement of her coagulation profile. The likely etiology for CVST in this scenario was autoimmune liver damage.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Restless Legs Syndrome among Medical Students in Saudi Arabia: An Observational Study
Authors: Alabdulqader Razan , Alqahtani Raghad , Alsunaikh Khadija , Almousa Sara , Alsalem Ammar , Alokley Alia
Published: February 2025

Background:

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sensorimotor condition that affects the quality of sleep for those who have it. The diagnosis is made according to the consensus criteria by the National Institute of Health panel as follows: “(i) a strong desire to move one’s legs, usually in response to an unpleasant sensation; (ii) a stronger urge in the evening and at night; (iii) movement usually satisfies the urge; and (iv) rest increases the urge.” This study aims to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of RLS among medical students in Saudi Arabia; furthermore, the severity and impact of RLS on sleep status.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study conducted between 2022 and 2024 in medical students in Saudi Arabia. Three hundred and thirty-one students (233 female and 98 male) participated and completed an online consented questionnaire to detect the prevalence of RLS and associated risk factors including medical comorbidities, smoking, and caffeine intake based on criteria proposed by the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. Furthermore, the severity and impact of RLS on sleep status were studied using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the RLS rating scale, respectively.

Results:

The frequency of RLS among medical students is 20.2%. The severity of RLS reported in 23.9% of the students with mild-to-severe rates. About 40.3% of students with RLS had daytime fatigue and 33.4% had sleep disturbances. About 64.1% of medical students who suffer from RLS have associated medical comorbidities including iron-deficiency anemia, diabetes mellitus, and peripheral neuropathy. Thirty-seven percent are smokers and 42.9% of students who had 3–4 cups of coffee daily had RLS compared to 18.6% of others who did not.

Conclusion:

RLS has a significant prevalence among medical students, in Saudi Arabia. RLS is highly associated with sleeping disturbance and daytime fatigue. Caffeine and smoking are considered risk factors for RLS.
Correlation of IGF2 levels with sperm quality, inflammation, and DNA damage in infertile patients
Authors: Wu Jing-Gen , Zhou Cai-Ping , Gui Wei-Wei , Liang Zhong-Yan , Zhang Feng-Bin , Fu Ying-Ge , Li Rui , Wu Fang , Lin Xi-Hua
Published: February 2025

Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is a critical endocrine mediator implicated in male reproductive physiology. To investigate the correlation between IGF2 protein levels and various aspects of male infertility, specifically focusing on sperm quality, inflammation, and DNA damage, a cohort of 320 male participants was recruited from the Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Hangzhou, China) between 1st January 2024 and 1st March 2024. The relationship between IGF2 protein concentrations and sperm parameters was assessed, and Spearman correlation and linear regression analysis were employed to evaluate the independent associations between IGF2 protein levels and risk factors for infertility. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure IGF2 protein levels in seminal plasma, alongside markers of inflammation (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α] and interleukin-1β [IL-1β]). The relationship between seminal plasma IGF2 protein levels and DNA damage marker phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) was also explored. Our findings reveal that IGF2 protein expression decreased notably in patients with asthenospermia and teratospermia. Correlation analysis revealed nuanced associations between IGF2 protein levels and specific sperm parameters, and low IGF2 protein concentrations correlated with increased inflammation and DNA damage in sperm. The observed correlations between IGF2 protein levels and specific sperm parameters, along with its connection to inflammation and DNA damage, underscore the importance of IGF2 in the broader context of male reproductive health. These findings lay the groundwork for future research and potential therapeutic interventions targeting IGF2-related pathways to enhance male fertility.
Detrimental effect of overextruded nonsetting intracanal calcium hydroxide on gingiva and extraradicular tissue
Authors: Thanvi Charu , Prasad Ashwini B. , Raisingani Deepak , Thanvi Gaurang
Published: February 2025

The present case describes the unusual effect of nonsetting calcium hydroxide (CH) when used as an intracanal (IC) medicament for routine endodontic therapy which caused the necrosis of juxtaposed gingival tissue. In this case report, the patient developed a gingival lesion and palatal swelling after root canal therapy (RCT), performed by a general dentist. The swelling was hard and nonfluctuant. The IC medicament deleteriously affected the gingival tissue and periapex, comported as a foreign body, managed by RCT of the left maxillary canine, followed by periapical surgery for the removal of overextruded CH and cyst enucleation. On a 2-week follow-up, gingival tissue and palatal swelling healed completely. On 7-month follow-up, periapical tissue had achieved radiographic normalcy. In conclusion, a routine IC medicament may deleteriously affect the gingival tissue and periapex, comporting as a foreign body. Therefore, the selection and the application of medicament must be done cautiously.
SEM evaluation of smear layer removal by two different single file system along with various irrigating solutions - An in vitro study
Authors: Ramachandran Kavitha , Rajasekaran Meenakshi Sundaram , Ramachandran Anil Kumar , Narayan Gopal Shankar , Venkatesan Sokkalingam Mothilal
Published: February 2025

Aim:

The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of smear layer removal from root canal using two different instrumentation systems, HyFlex electrical discharge machining (EDM) and WaveOne Gold, and to evaluate the smear layer removal ability of three different irrigants, Qmix, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA).

Methods:

Sixty single-rooted human mandibular premolars without caries or developmental defects were divided into two groups: Group A (HyFlex EDM) along with NaOCl (A1), EDTA (A2), and Qmix (A3), Group B (WaveOne Gold) along with NaOCl (B1), EDTA (B2), and Qmix (B3) were used. The root canals were prepared according to the assigned instrumentation system and irrigants. The prepared teeth were then split longitudinally, and scanning electron microscopy was employed to assess and photograph the samples.

Results:

The results indicated that the WaveOne Gold-Qmix subgroup (B3) showed significantly better smear layer removal scores when compared to other subgroups. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in smear layer removal between the coronal and middle thirds of the root canal, while there was no significant difference observed in the apical third.

Conclusion:

WaveOne Gold instrumentation system exhibited superior smear layer removal ability compared to the HyFlex EDM. Moreover, the Qmix irrigant showed better smear layer removal efficacy than NaOCl and EDTA. The findings also emphasized the importance of considering the location within the root canal, as increased smear layer removal was observed in the coronal and middle thirds compared to the apical third.
Macro-Thyrotropin Syndrome: Prevalence and Clinical Profile of an Under-Recognised Rare Entity in Thyroidology
Authors: Patel Maitri M. , Patel Dhara K. , Patel Lalitkumar B. , Dharaiya Chetan B. , Patel Dhruvkumar M. , Vasani Ravi M. , Patel Mukundkumar V.
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Macro-thyrotropin syndrome (macro-TSH) is a rare condition characterised by the formation of a complex between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and an unknown component, resulting in elevated TSH levels that do not accurately reflect thyroid status. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical profile of macro-TSH among patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH).

Methods:

A total of 1500 patients were evaluated, with 135 exhibiting elevated TSH levels (>10 IU/mL) and normal free-thyroxine levels. Macro-TSH was diagnosed based on persistent elevated TSH levels despite serial dilutions and confirmed by less than 60% TSH recovery following polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation.

Results:

Finally, 115 were diagnosed with SCH, 15 with macro-TSH, and 1245 were categorised into non-thyroid groups. The prevalence of macro-TSH, SCH, and heterophilic antibodies interfering with immunoassay was 1.09%, 8.36%, and 0.36%, respectively. Among macro-TSH patients, 13.33% exhibited classical hypothyroid features, contrasting with the 52.0% observed in SCH patients. Female gender and a family history of hypothyroidism were associated with higher odds of having macro-TSH. Diabetes mellitus, clinical symptoms of hypothyroidism (except lethargy), higher TSH level, and post-PEG TSH recovery were significantly associated with SCH compared to macro-TSH. The mean TSH level was five times higher in macro-TSH compared to SCH.

Conclusion:

Macro-TSH syndrome represents a distinct clinical entity within the spectrum of SCH, characterised by disproportionately high TSH levels. Recognising macro-TSH is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of SCH.
Hip Structural Analysis and Bone Strain Index in Clinical Practice: Their Utility Beyond BMD
Authors: Cherian Kripa E. , Paul Thomas V.
Published: February 2025

Previous studies have demonstrated that in certain medical conditions, fragility fractures tend to occur even at bone mineral density (BMD) levels that are in the nonosteoporotic range. This warrants the assessment of other factors beyond BMD that might confer an increased propensity to fracture. Hip structural analysis (HSA) is also performed by the DXA scanner and evaluates different variables pertaining to proximal hip geometry. Bone Strain Index (BSI) is another novel DXA-based tool that was recently developed to further assess bone health. This has been based on a finite element analysis of grey scale images of density distribution of the femoral and lumbar spine scans obtained from a DXA scanner. Preliminary studies assessing the utility of BSI in predicting fragility fractures have been promising. This review will focus on the technical details and utility of the HSA and BSI beyond conventional BMD assessment.
Scientometric dynamics of scientific publications on gut microbiota and gluten: Overview, visualization, and mapping
Authors: Espinoza-Carhuancho Fran , Taquia-Faustino Alexander , Medina Julia , Sotomayor Oscar , Galarza-Valencia Diego , Quispe-Tasayco Lucia , Mayta-Tovalino Frank
Published: February 2025

Background: The aim of the study was to analyze the scientific production of gut microbiota and gluten by overview, visualization, and mapping. Methods: A descriptive study with a scientometric approach was carried out. A search of the Scopus database was performed on June 13, 2024, using a specific search formula and covering a search period from January 2019 to July 2024. Manuscripts were selected based on their relevance to the field under study, and 233 manuscripts were identified. The extracted data were analyzed using SciVal and Bibliometrix. Results: A total of 233 relevant manuscripts published between 2019 and 2024 were identified. The journal Nutrients was particularly prominent, contributing 28 articles and demonstrating high productivity. Alessio Fasano was recognized as the most influential author in this field. Most papers were ranked in the Q1 quartile, indicating their high quality. The principles of Bradford’s and Lotka’s laws were confirmed, with some sources and authors responsible for most of the papers. Italy was found to be leading in terms of international collaborations. These findings offer valuable insights into the scientific output of this field, highlighting key trends and identifying influential contributors. Conclusion: Trends in scientific output on gut microbiota and gluten were highlighted, including the journal Nutrients, the productivity of Fasano, and the international collaboration led by Italy. Bradford’s and Lotka’s laws provided valuable insight into the distribution of scientific output.
Evaluation of Utilization of Laser in Practicing Dental Surgeons: A Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) Study
Authors: Tripathi Kaushal P. , Mutthineni R. Babu , Shah Ninad U. , Tiwari Rahul , Sahi Nita , Mathur Shilpi , Dixit Heena
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Laser technology has significantly impacted the field of dentistry, offering advantages such as precision, reduced pain, faster healing, and minimized bleeding. Despite these benefits, the extent of laser utilization among dental surgeons varies. This study evaluates the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of dental surgeons regarding laser use in their clinical settings.

Objective:

To assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice related to the utilization of lasers among practicing dental surgeons.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire distributed electronically to 200 practicing dental surgeons. The questionnaire included sections on demographic information, knowledge, attitude, and practice related to laser use in dentistry. Data were analyzed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with laser utilization.

Results:

Out of 200 questionnaires, 150 were returned (75% response rate), with 46.7% aged 30–40 and 60% male, predominantly general practitioners (66.7%). While 80% knew about laser types and 85% saw them as beneficial, only 50% used them, citing cost and training as major barriers.

Conclusion:

The study revealed a high level of awareness and a positive attitude toward laser utilization among dental surgeons. However, practical application remains limited due to cost and insufficient training. Addressing these barriers through affordable laser technology and comprehensive training programs could enhance the adoption of lasers in dental practice.
Evaluate the Antimicrobial Properties of Double Antibiotic Paste (DAP) and Morinda Citrifolia and Propolis Paste (MCP) Used in Regenerative Endodontics: An In vitro Study
Authors: Bhavsar Bhavika A. , Jain Vaishali , Kumari Annu , Shukla Prabhooti , Pandya Riddhi , Kumar Modi R. , Singh Shanaya
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To Evaluate The Antimicrobial Properties of Double Antibiotic Paste and Morinda citrifolia And Propolis Paste Used In Regenerative Endodontics.

Materials and Method:

Using intact human teeth, radicular dentin samples were prepared (dimensions 4×4×2 mm) by following a standard method. The samples were cut using a diamond saw at minimal speed using water as coolant and smoothed with abrasive papers. To expose the dentin tubules and eliminate the smear layer, they were treated with NaOCl (1.5%), distilled water, and EDTA (17%). A total of 30 dentin samples went through a three-week anaerobic infection with bacterial biofilms sourced from the root canal of an underdeveloped tooth showing pulp necrosis. Group 1 acted as the control, while Group 2 received treatment with DAP, and Group 3 was treated with a paste of Morinda citrifolia and Propolis. After a week, pastes were cleaned, and specimens were dipped in phosphate-buffered saline for a day. The biofilm was released from each specimen by sonicating and vortexing it for 30 seconds. It was then diluted, spiral-plated on blood agar, and cultured anaerobically for a day. An automated colony counter was utilized to measure colony-forming units (CFU/mL), and statistical analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.

Result:

The wash from dentin samples treated with DAP and MCP showed minimal CFU counts, indicating both pastes’ high efficiency against biofilm-forming microbes from the canals of an immature tooth exhibiting pulp necrosis.

Conclusion:

Dentin samples infused with DAP and MCP showed minimal CFU counts, indicating their high effectiveness against biofilm-forming microbes from the root canal of an underdeveloped tooth with pulp necrosis. Additional research is required to validate these findings.
Patient Satisfaction and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life with Complete Dentures
Authors: Sailasri Kunchala , Kar Aswini K. , Shujaulla Syed , Bagewadi Nagaratna , Kumar P. Arun , Rajakumari Kandra , Khan Azaram M.
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

The purpose of complete dentures is to restore oral function and aesthetics for individuals with missing teeth. Understanding the relationship relating patient satisfaction and “Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL)” with complete dentures is essential for optimizing treatment outcomes and enhancing patient-centered care.

Methods:

A cross-sectional research was conducted among 500 individuals aged 50 and above who received complete dentures. Data were collected through structured interviews and validated questionnaires including the “Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14)” and the “Dental Satisfaction Questionnaire (DSQ).” Statistical analysis was performed to assess correlations relating patient satisfaction, OHRQoL, and demographic variables.

Results:

The evaluation revealed a significant positive correlation among patient satisfaction and OHRQoL (P < 0.001). Factors such as denture stability, aesthetics, and chewing ability significantly influenced patient satisfaction. Tables presenting demographic characteristics and OHIP-14 scores among research subjects are provided.

Conclusion:

This research demonstrates a significant association relating patient satisfaction and OHRQoL with complete dentures. Denture stability, aesthetics, and chewing ability emerged as critical determinants of patient satisfaction. Clinicians should prioritize patient-centered care and consider patient-reported outcomes when planning and delivering prosthodontic treatment.
Comparison of survival outcomes in preemptive versus non-preemptive kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Moeinzadeh Firouzeh , Shahidi Shahrzad , Heidari Raheleh , Mortazavi Mojgan , Mansourian Marjan , Yadegar Bahareh Botlani
Published: February 2025

Background:

There are conflicting results regarding survival in preemptive versus non-preemptive kidney transplant recipients. The present study aimed to estimate the risk of death in preemptive versus non-preemptive kidney transplant recipients.

Materials and Methods:

In the present retrospective cohort study, all end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients who underwent kidney transplantation between 1996 and 2021 in referral kidney transplantation centers in Isfahan province were investigated. In total, 499 patients who received dialysis before kidney transplantation (non-preemptive) and 168 patients who received no dialysis before kidney transplantation (preemptive) were included in the final analysis. Data regarding demographic and clinical variables including sex, age, body mass index (BMI), follow-up duration, immunosuppressive regimen change, kidney donor type, underlying causes of ESRD, and comorbidities before and after kidney transplantation were collected.

Results:

The mean age was 55.47 ± 15.53 years in preemptive and 54.87 ± 14.69 years in non-preemptive patients (P = 0.65). Mortality rates were 24.44/1000 person-years of follow-up for preemptive and 18.25/1000 person-years of follow-up for non-preemptive patients (P = 0.013). In the crude model of Cox regression analysis, preemptive kidney transplant recipients had a significantly higher risk of mortality compared to non-preemptive kidney transplant recipients (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09–2.33; P = 0.015). However, the association attenuated and became insignificant after adjustment for confounders, including age, BMI, immunosuppressive regimen change, kidney donor type, and comorbidities (HR = 1.35; 95% CI: 0.92–1.99; P = 0.12).

Conclusion:

The results of the present study indicated that there is no independent association between preemptive kidney transplantation and increased risk of mortality.
Effects of Nighttime Noise Reduction by Using Earplugs on the Recovery of Burn Patients after Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Chen Weixin , Li Ke , Shi Yuan , He Wenjun , Sun Yang , Liu Jianjiang
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study aims to investigate the effects of postoperative noise reduction by using earplugs at night on the healing time and scar quality of burn patients who underwent reconstructive surgery. Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed the clinical data of adult burn patients after they underwent reconstructive surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2022 to June 2023. The patients were divided into the postoperative noise reduction group (n = 66) and the control group (n = 75) based on whether they received postoperative noise reduction. The control group received standard humanized clinical care, while the postoperative noise reduction group received additional noise-reducing care by using earplugs at night. The effects of postoperative noise reduction on wound healing time, scar quality (Vancouver Scar Scale [VSS]), psychological state (Self-rating Anxiety Scale [SAS] and Self-rating Depression Scale [SDS]), quality of life (Abbreviated Burn Specific Health Scale [BSHS-A]) and incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. Results: Compared with the control group, the postoperative noise reduction group demonstrated significant differences in wound healing time (P < 0.001), VSS scores (P = 0.003), SAS scores (P = 0.005), SDS scores (P = 0.003), and BSHS-A scores (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in the incidence of complications between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study provides substantive evidence that postoperative noise reduction positively influences wound healing time, scar quality, quality of life, and psychological state in burn patients after reconstructive surgery. Such insight emphasized the importance of creating a healing-conducive hospital environment for burn patients, integrating noise reduction strategies as a part of holistic nursing practices to optimize recovery outcomes.
Prevalence of a Cerebral Midline Cavity - Cavum Septum Pellucidum in Schizophrenia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Dias Medora Celine D’Souza , Fernandes Andre , Kantak Mandar Pandurang , Thirumaran Balaaji
Published: February 2025

Background:

Cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) is a potential midline cavity between the two layers of the septi pellucidi, which is one of the three midline cavities in the cerebrum. It is a neurodevelopmental anomaly, observed inconsistently among schizophrenics. This study estimated the presence of CSP among the schizophrenia patients and compared same with nonschizophrenics.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was carried out among adults who underwent computerized tomography scans of the brain at a tertiary care hospital in an urban area. The sample size was calculated as 562 excluding participants with known neurological anomalies, lesions, signs, injuries, and drug abuse. The prevalence of CSP, measurements of antero-posterior length, and transverse width of CSP were taken. The diagnosis of schizophrenia was made based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-V. SPSS version-16 was used for statistical analyses, where descriptive results were expressed as tables. Analytic tests namely, Chi-square test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and independent sample t-test were performed.

Results:

The mean age of 578 study participants was 44.36 ± 18.45 years with 61.5% males and 15.4% having schizophrenia. CSP was observed in 5.2% among the study population with the proportion higher among the schizophrenics than the normal subject (15.7% vs. 3.2%). CSP was observed in higher proportion among males and male schizophrenics had higher proportion of CSP than female counterparts. The size of CSP was comparable among the groups.

Conclusion:

Higher prevalence of CSP among the schizophrenics makes CSP a potential neuroimaging marker for schizophrenia and its associated spectrum of disease.
Crafting an effective questionnaire: An essential prerequisite of engaging surveys
Authors: Sharma Hunny , Ruikar Manisha
Published: February 2025

Questionnaires play a crucial role in biomedical research, enabling valuable data collection from individuals. However, the effectiveness of a questionnaire depends on its ability to engage respondents and gather accurate information. This manuscript delves into the intricacies of crafting an effective questionnaire, exploring the essential elements that contribute to their success and impact, and highlights the need for well-crafted questionnaires in biomedical research emphasizing the importance of maximizing respondent engagement, obtaining reliable data, enhancing data completeness, minimizing nonresponse rates and bias, and facilitating data analysis. The article further sheds light on the factors influencing questionnaire effectiveness, including clear and concise language, logical flow and structure, relevance and significance, avoidance of double-barreled and leading questions, and using balanced response options and skip questions. This narrative review examines how each factor contributes to questionnaire quality and offers examples to illustrate their importance. Moreover, it emphasizes the significance of investing time and effort in designing effective questionnaires to ensure the validity and success of biomedical research. By understanding the art of engaging surveys, researchers can optimize their data collection processes and enhance the reliability and validity of their findings.
Bufalin Suppresses Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression through Protein Arginine Methyltransferase-6/AKT/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway Inhibition
Authors: Jia Yao-Ke , Ju Qian-Qian , Shi Hui , Si Xin-Xin
Published: February 2025

Objective:

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), a commonly encountered malignant tumor in the gastrointestinal tract, poses a significant health burden. Bufalin, a pharmacologically active molecule, has been shown to exhibit antitumor activity against various types of cancers. This study investigates the molecular mechanism underpinning the effects of bufalin on ESCCs.

Materials and Methods:

The impact of bufalin on the proliferation and migration of ESCC cells was evaluated through the utilization of the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), scratch assay, and transwell assay. In addition, ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing was performed to identify genes that were abnormally expressed in response to bufalin treatment. Western blotting was utilized to ascertain the expression levels of protein arginine methyltransferase-6 (PRMT6), phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT), and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR). Cell transfection was then performed to observe the rescue effect of PRMT6 on bufalin.

Results:

Bufalin displayed a significant time-dependent inhibition of the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ECA109 cells. An RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that PRMT6 expression was downregulated in the cells treated with bufalin. PRMT6 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasive potential of ECA109 cells. The overexpression of PRMT6 boosted p-AKT and p-mTOR levels in ECA109 cells and reversed bufalin inhibition.

Conclusions:

These findings indicate that bufalin exerts its inhibitory effects on ESCCs through the PRMT6/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. These findings lay the groundwork for bufalin as a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of ESCC.
The Effect of a CNT/MnO2 Nanoparticle Composite–Based Multi-Shell Typed Electrode for a Fiber Supercapacitor (FSC)
Authors: Kim Yeonggwon , Lee Hyung Woo
Published: February 2025

Fiber supercapacitors have attracted significant interest as potential textile energy storage devices due to their remarkable flexibility and rapid charge/discharge capabilities. This study describes the fabrication of a composite fiber supercapacitor (FSC) electrode through a multi-shell architecture, featuring layers of carbon nanotube (CNT) conductive shells and MnO₂ nanoparticle active shells. The number of layers was adjusted to assess their impact on FSC energy storage performance. Increasing the number of shells reduced electrode resistance and enhanced pseudocapacitive characteristics. Compared to the MnS@1 electrode, the MnS@5 electrode exhibited a high areal capacitance of 301.2 mF/cm², a 411% increase, but showed a higher charge transfer resistance (RCT) of 701.6 Ω. This is attributed to reduced ion diffusion and charge transfer ability resulting from the thicker multi-shell configuration. These results indicate that fine-tuning the quantity of shells is crucial for achieving an optimal balance between energy storage efficiency and stability.