bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single‐Atom Catalysts with p‐Block Metals Surpass Transition‐Metal Counterparts in the Photocatalytic H2O2 Production
Authors: Lu Haijiao , Yin Hanqing , Harmer Jeffrey , Xiao Mu , You Jiakang , Chen Peng , Lin Tongen , Du Aijun , Wang Zhiliang , Wang Lianzhou
Published: September 2024

Growing interest in p‐block metal single‐atom catalysts (PM‐SACs) is driven by their low toxicity, economic viability, and transition metal‐like catalytic properties. However, selection criteria for p‐block single‐atom species and catalytic mechanisms of PM‐SACs remain unclear. This study explores the catalytic abilities of PM‐SACs and their transition metal counterparts (TM‐SACs) based on polymetric carbon nitride (PCN) for photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. Using thermodynamic barriers as a key descriptor, it was found that PM‐SACs can surpass TM‐SACs in H2O2 production due to a lower energy barrier for *OOH intermediate formation resulting from optimized p‐p hybridization. Specifically, Sb‐SAC based on PCN shows the highest apparent quantum yield of 35.3 % at 400 nm. This study offers a rationale for the utilization of p‐block SACs in the context of sustainable chemical synthesis.
Harnessing 4f Electron Itinerancy for Integrated Dual‐Band Redox Systems Boosts Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries Electrocatalysis
Authors: Huang Mengyao , Song Lina , Wang Nan , Fu Yaning , Ren Rongchang , Li Zhongjun , Lu Youcai , Xu Jijing , Liu Qingchao
Published: September 2024

In‐depth comprehension and manipulation of band occupation at metal centers are crucial for facilitating effective adsorption and electron transfer in lithium‐oxygen battery (LOB) reactions. Rare earth elements play a unique role in band hybridization due to their deep orbitals and strong localization of 4 f electrons. Herein, we anchor single Ce atoms onto CoO, constructing a highly active and stable catalyst with d‐f a dual‐band redox center. It is discovered that the itinerant behavior of 4 f electrons introduces an enhanced spin‐orbit coupling effect, which facilitates ideal σ/π bonding and flexible adsorption between the Ce/Co active sites and *O. Simultaneously, the injection of localized Ce 4 f electrons strengthens the orbital bonding capacity of Co−O, effectively inhibits the dissolution of Co sites and improves the structural stability of the cathode material. Bracingly, the Ce1/CoO‐based LOB exhibits an ultra‐low charge–discharge polarization (0.46 V) and stable cyclic performance (1088 hours). This work breaks through the traditional limitations in catalyst activity and stability, providing new strategies and theoretical insights for developing high‐performance LOBs powered by rare‐earth elements.
A Green and Efficient Electrocatalytic Route for the Highly‐Selective Oxidation of C−H Bonds in Aromatics over 1D Co3O4‐Based Nanoarrays
Authors: Yin Zhaohui , Gao Zirui , Luo Lan , Zhang Xiaohui , Hou Wenxiang , Dai Wenjing , Tian Shuheng , Qin Xuetao , Wang Maolin , Peng Mi , Li Kaihua , Wang Songbo , Zhang Lei , Wang Hong , Li Jianxin , Zhu Qingjun , Cheng Bowen , Yin Zhen , Ma Ding
Published: September 2024

Electrocatalytic oxidation of C−H bonds in hydrocarbons represents an efficient and sustainable strategy for the synthesis of value‐added chemicals. Herein, a highly selective and continuous‐flow electrochemical oxidation process of toluene to various oxygenated products (benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, and benzyl acetate) is developed with the electrocatalytic membrane electrodes (ECMEs). The selectivity of target products can be manipulated via surface and interface engineering of Co3O4‐based electrocatalysts. We achieved a high benzaldehyde selectivity of 90 % at a toluene conversion of 47.6 % using 1D Co3O4 nanoneedles (NNs) loaded on a microfiltration (MF) titanium (Ti) membrane, i.e, Co3O4 NNs/Ti. In contrast, the main product shifted to benzyl alcohol with a selectivity of 90.1 % at a conversion of 32.1 % after modifying MnO2 nanosheets (NSs) on Co3O4 NNs/Ti (Co3O4@MnO2/Ti) catalyst. Moreover, benzyl acetate product can be obtained with a selectivity of 92 % at a conversion of 58.5 % at high current density (>1.5 mA cm−2), demonstrating that the pathway of toluene oxidation is readily maneuvered. DFT results reveal that modifying MnO2 on Co3O4 optimizes the electron structure of Co3O4@MnO2/Ti and modulates the adsorption behavior of intermediate species. This work demonstrates a sustainable, efficient, and continuous‐flow process for precise control over the production selectivity of value‐added oxygenated derivatives in the electrochemical oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons.
Ion‐Pairing Chromonic Liquid Crystals via Alternately Stacked Assembly of Amphiphilic Charged π‐Electronic Systems
Authors: Maruyama Yuto , Harano Koji , Kanai Hayato , Ishida Yasuhiro , Tanaka Hiroki , Sugiura Shinya , Maeda Hiromitsu
Published: September 2024

In this study, a new assembly strategy for lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs) is proposed using iπ–iπ interactions, mainly comprising electrostatic and dispersion forces, between charged π‐electronic systems to form stacking structures supported by the hydration of triethylene glycol (TEG) units. The meso‐TEG‐aryl‐substituted porphyrin AuIII complex, an amphiphilic π‐electronic cation, showed diverse states and assembly modes in ion pairs depending on the coexisting counteranions. The PCCp− ion pair formed a hexagonal columnar (Colh) LC phase based on a charge‐by‐charge assembly, suggesting the formation of an ordered arrangement of charged π‐electronic systems through iπ–iπ interactions, with reduced interactions between the TEG chains. Furthermore, in the presence of water, LCLC behavior in the Colh and nematic columnar phases according to the amount of water were observed for the PCCp− ion pair as a result of iπ–iπ interactions. Magnetic‐field‐induced orientation of the charge‐by‐charge columnar structures upon dehydration was observed. Furthermore, single‐stranded charge‐by‐charge columnar structures, as components of the LCLCs, were observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Study on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of a hybrid nanofluid jet impingement microchannel heat sink with airfoil fins
Authors: Tang Zhiguo , Li Man , Li Yan , Cheng Jianping
Published: September 2024

Due to the continuously increasing power density of electronic devices, the improvement of the temperature uniformity and the reduction of the irreversible energy losses became crucial in these studies on enhanced cooling capacity of the heat sinks. In this paper, a jet impingement microchannel heat sink with airfoil fins (AF‐JIMHS) is proposed. The AF‐JIMHS with reversed fins arrangement has very high comprehensive heat transfer performance. The increase of the internal tangent circle radius and chord length of fin can improve the temperature uniformity of the AF‐JIMHS bottom surface and reduce the irreversible energy losses, at the expense of reducing its comprehensive heat transfer performance. Although the increase of the tangent arc length of fin reduces the temperature uniformity and increases the irreversible energy losses of the AF‐JIMHS, it improves the comprehensive heat transfer performance in a specific parameter range. The increase of fin height improves temperature uniformity of the AF‐JIMHS, while reducing its irreversible energy losses and improving its comprehensive heat transfer performance. Compared with the AF‐JIMHS with uniform height fins, the one with decreasing height fins has higher comprehensive heat transfer performance and lower irreversible energy losses. Moreover, the AF‐JIMHS with increasing height fins has better temperature uniformity.
Real world data of cabozantinib in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: Focusing on dose setting and modification
Authors: Okubo Hironao , Ando Hitoshi , Nakamura Shunsuke , Takasaki Yusuke , Ito Koichi , Fukuo Yuka , Ikejima Kenichi , Isayama Hiroyuki
Published: September 2024

Aim

To investigate the outcomes of cabozantinib in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC), focusing on dose setting and modification.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 34 Japanese patients who received cabozantinib for uHCC. Trough concentrations (Ctrough) of cabozantinib were also measured weekly for 6 weeks in the 18 patients.

Results

Sixteen patients received ≥40 mg (high‐dose group), and 18 patients received 20 mg (low‐dose group). Dose escalations were performed in 27.8% of the patients in the low‐dose group. Although median duration of the first dose reduction or interruption in the low‐dose group was twice that in the high‐dose group (28 vs. 14 days, p < 0.001), there were no significant differences in the relative dose intensity (RDI) during 6 weeks, progression free survival (PFS), and overall survival (p = 0.162, p = 0.950, p = 0.817, respectively) between the two groups. Patients who received RDI during 6 weeks ≥33.4% showed a trend toward longer median PFS (p = 0.054). Each serum aldolase value during the 6 weeks was significantly correlated with the Ctrough at any point (r = 0.500, p < 0.001). In multivariate analyses, aldolase ≥8.7 U/L within 2 weeks was significantly associated with the very early dose reduction or interruption (odds ratio 20.0, p = 0.002).

Conclusions

An initial dose of 20 mg cabozantinib could be a safe option in Japanese patients. The serum aldolase value could be useful for making appropriate dose modifications of cabozantinib.
PGK1 can affect the prognosis and development of bladder cancer
Authors: Gao Mingde , Zhu Haixia , Xu Haifei , Jin Xiaoxia , Zheng Guihua , Zhu Jinfeng , Gu Chunyan , Wang Xiaolin
Published: September 2024

Background

Previous studies have demonstrated that the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) can promote tumor development. This study sought to investigate the specific role of PGK1 in bladder cancer (BLCA).

Methods

Public databases and immunohistochemistry assays were utilized to analyze the expression of PGK1 in BLCA and its prognostic significance. Cell proliferation was assessed through CCK‐8 and colony formation assays, while the level of metastasis was evaluated using transwell migration experiments. Additionally, IC50 experiments were conducted to assess the impact of PGK1 on cisplatin sensitivity.

Results

The mRNA and protein expression levels of PGK1 were significantly upregulated in BLCA. Cox proportional hazards model analysis revealed that PGK1 and T stage were independent prognostic factors for BLCA patients. Both CCK‐8 and colony assays demonstrated that PGK1 promotes proliferation. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between PGK1 and Ki67, a proliferation index. Transwell migration assays confirmed the ability of PGK1 to enhance metastasis. Finally, PGK1 increased the IC50 associated with cisplatin treatment in BLCA.

Conclusion

Collectively, these findings suggest that PGK1 may hold clinical value in predicting BLCA prognosis and improving the outcomes of this patient population.
Network Pharmacology and Molecular Dynamics Simulations Reveal the Mechanism of Total Alkaloid Components in Anisodus Tanguticus (Maxim.) Pascher in Treating Inflammation and Pain
Authors: Tan Nixia , Wang Yue , Ren Lichengcheng , Tie Fangfang , Hu Na , Wang Honglun , Dong Qi
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism that total alkaloids in Anisodus tanguticus (AT)(Maxim.) Pascher played anti‐inflammatory and analgesic effects. In this paper, the anti‐inflammatory effect in the total alkaloids of AT was confirmed via lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammation model in RAW 264.7 cells and the main components of AT were immediately analyzed by UPLC/MS. Disease targets were obtained in GeneCards and DisGeNET. Targets of major compounds were searched in ETCM, TCMSP and other databases. The protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using STRING database, and Cytoscape was used for core targets screening. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed using Daivid database. Sailvina was used for molecular docking. Molecular dynamics simulation analysis was performed using the Amber 20 program. The results showed that the main components in AT were anisodamine, atropine, fabiatrin, scopolamine, scopoletin and scopolin, possibly exerting anti‐inflammatory and analgesic effects through pathways such as EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance and IL‐17 signaling pathway. Fabiatrin and scopolin could be potential drugs with good anti‐inflammatory and analgesic effects.
Distinct molecular features of FLNC mutations, associated with different clinical phenotypes
Authors: E.S Klimenko , A.K Zaytseva , M.Yu Sorokina , K.I Perepelina , N.L Rodina , E.G Nikitina , K.S Sukhareva , A.A Khudiakov , T.L Vershinina , A.S Muravyev , E.N Mikhaylov , T.M Pervunina , E.S Vasichkina , A.A Kostareva
Published: September 2024

Filamin С is a key an actin‐binding protein of muscle cells playing a critical role in maintaining structural integrity and sarcomere organization. FLNC mutations contribute to various types of cardiomyopathies and myopathies through potentially different molecular mechanisms. Here, we described the impact of two clinically distinct FLNC variants (R1267Q associated with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy and V2264M associated with restrictive cardiomyopathy) on calcium homeostasis, electrophysiology, and gene expression profile of iPSC‐derived patient‐specific cardiomyocytes. We demonstrated that R1267Q FLNC variant leads to greater disturbances in calcium dynamics, Nav1.5 kinetics and action potentials compared to V2264M variant. These functional characteristics were accompanied by transcriptome changes in genes linked to action potential and sodium transport as well as structural cardiomyocyte genes. We suggest distinct molecular effects of two FLNC variants linked to different types of cardiomyopathies in terms of myofilament structure, electrophysiology, ion channel function and intracellular calcium homeostasis providing the molecular the bases for their different clinical phenotypes.
A low‐latency memory‐cube network with dual diagonal mesh topology and bypassed pipelines
Authors: Oda Masashi , Keida Kai , Yasudo Ryota
Published: September 2024

A memory cube network is an interconnection network composed of 3D stacked memories called memory cubes. By exploiting a packet switching, it can provide fast memory accesses to a large number of memory cubes. Although interconnection networks have been studied in many years for supercomputers and data centers, existing technologies are difficult to apply to memory cube networks. This is because the link length and the number of ports are limited, and hence the hop count increases. In this article, we propose a dual diagonal mesh (DDM), a layout‐oriented memory‐cube network. Furthermore, we propose the routing algorithm and the router architecture with bypassed pipelines for DDM. Our experimental results demonstrate that our routing and router architecture with bypassed pipelines reduces the memory access latency. We implement four router architectures and evaluate them with the traffic patterns derived from the NAS parallel benchmark.
Magnetron Sputtering Formation of Germanium Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Lithium Intercalation
Authors: Pajola Tommaso , Padin Anika , Blowers Benjamin E. , Borghi Francesca , Minguzzi Alessandro , Bonera Emiliano , Vertova Alberto , Di Vece Marcel
Published: September 2024

In the drive towards increased lithium based battery capacity, germanium is an attractive material due to its very high lithium storage capacity, second only to silicon. The persistent down‐side is the considerable embrittlement accompanying its remarkable volume expansion of close to 300 %. A proven method to accommodate for this lattice expansion is the reduction of the size towards the nanoscale at which the fracturing is prevented by “breathing”. In this work we employed a novel magnetron sputtering gas aggregation nanoparticle generator to create unprecedented layers of well‐defined germanium nanoparticles with sizes below 20 nm. The electrochemical lithium intercalation was monitored by a suite of techniques under which Raman spectroscopy, which provided clear evidence of the presence of lithium inside the germanium nanoparticles. Moreover, the degree of lattice order was measured and correlated to the initial phases of the lithium‐germanium alloy. This was corroborated by electron diffraction and optical absorption spectroscopy, of which the latter provided a strong dielectric change upon lithium intercalation. This study of low lithium concentrations inside layers of well‐defined and very small germanium nanoparticles, forms a new avenue towards significantly increasing the lithium battery capacity.
The Chemistry and Pharmacological Properties of the Constituents of Toussaintia Orientalis – An Endangered Treasure of Biomedical Agents
Authors: Munissi Joan J. E. , Nyandoro Stephen S.
Published: September 2024

Toussaintia orientalis Verdc. (Annonaceae) is a medicinal plant species endemic to Tanzania. It is classified under the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as an extremely endangered species threatened with extinction. The review covers the phytochemistry of this plant species and the pharmacological properties of the compounds obtained therefrom. The chemistry of this plant species entails natural products with different structures including uncommon cinnamoyl tetraketide derivatives, aristolactam alkaloids, and flavonoids. The review identifies 27 compounds belonging to different subclasses of natural products obtained from this species for the past fourteen years (2010–2024). These compounds are discussed along with other 13 related natural products. T. orientalis derived compounds exhibit varied potential pharmacological applications as antibacterial, anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, antiviral, and neuroprotective agents. Some of the reported compounds displayed pharmacological properties corroborating the use of this plant species in traditional medicine. This review provides baseline data as one comprehensive compilation that will ignite interest and guide future research and development of therapeutic agents inspired by the chemodiversity presented by this plant species while at the same time attracting the attention of plant conservationists to initiate efforts to conserve this highly endangered biomedical treasure.
IBR1, a novel endogenous IFIH1‐binding dsRNA, governs IFIH1 activation and M1 macrophage polarisation in ARDS
Authors: Zhang Shi , Huang Wei , Wu Xueling , Chen Hanbing , Wang Lu , Chao Jie , Xie Jianfeng , Qiu Haibo
Published: September 2024

Background

Uncontrolled inflammation caused by macrophages and monocytes plays a crucial role in worsening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Previous studies have highlighted the importance of IFIH1 in regulating macrophage polarisation in ARDS triggered by pneumonia. However, the mechanisms by which IFIH1 is activated in ARDS remain unclear.

Methods

In this study, we utilised multiomics sequencing and molecular interaction experiments to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying IFIH1 activation in ARDS. Through the use of conditional gene knockout mice and primary cells, we demonstrated the significant role of these mechanisms in the development of ARDS. Additionally, we validated the associations between these mechanisms and ARDS by quantitative PCR analysis of CD14+ cells obtained from the peripheral blood of 140 ARDS patients.

Results

Our investigation revealed that lipopolysaccharide, a critical component derived from Gram‐negative bacteria, activated IFIH1 by upregulating a novel transcript known as IFIH1‐binding RNA1 (IBR1) in monocytes and macrophages. Specifically, as an endogenous double‐stranded RNA, IBR1 bind to the helicase domain of IFIH1 because of its unique double‐stranded structure. Deletion of IBR1 significantly reduced the activation of IFIH1, M1 polarisation of macrophages, and inflammatory lung injury in ARDS. Moreover, IBR1 directly induced M1 polarisation of macrophages and ARDS, whereas deletion of IFIH1 inhibited IBR1‐induced macrophage M1 polarisation and inflammatory lung injury. Importantly, we observed a notable increase in IBR1 expression in ARDS patients with pneumonia caused by Gram‐negative bacteria. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the delivery of IFIH1 mutants through exosomes effectively counteracted IBR1, thereby reducing pulmonary inflammation and alleviating lung injury.

Conclusions

This study revealed a novel mechanism involving IBR1, an endogenous double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) that binds to IFIH1, shedding light on the complex process of macrophage polarisation in ARDS. The administration of IFIH1 variants has the potential to eliminate pulmonary dsRNA and alleviate inflammatory lung injury in ARDS.

Highlights

In monocytes and macrophages, the endogenous double‐stranded RNA, IFIH1‐binding RNA 1 (IBR1), binds to the helicase domain of IFIH1 because of its unique double‐stranded structure.

IBR1 plays a significant role in macrophage polarisation and the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by Gram‐negative bacteria or lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Administration of IFIH1 variants has potential for eliminating pulmonary IBR1 and reducing inflammatory lung injury in ARDS patients.
Microalgae as a potential raw material for plant‐based seafood alternatives: A comprehensive review
Authors: Siddiqui Shahida Anusha , Ucak İlknur , Afreen Maliha , Sasidharan Abhilash , Yunusa Bello Mohammed , Bhowmik Shuva , Pandiselvam Ravi , Ambartsumov Tigran Garrievich , Shah Mohd Asif
Published: September 2024

Microalgae presents an inducing potential as a primary raw material in crafting plant‐based seafood alternatives, revolutionizing the landscape of sustainable food production. These microscopic organisms display a rich nutritional profile, presenting an array of nutrients such as essential amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals comparable to those found in seafood. Their versatile nature allows for the replication of seafood flavors and textures, addressing the sensory aspects crucial to consumer acceptance of substitutes. Furthermore, microalgae cultivation requires minimal land and resources, making it an environmentally friendly and scalable option for meeting the increasing demand for sustainable protein sources. The biochemical diversity within microalgae species provides a wide spectrum of options for developing various seafood substitutes. Moreover, advancements in biotechnology and processing techniques continue to enhance the feasibility and palatability of these alternatives. Modern technologies, such as 3D printing, provide convenient and efficient technological options to reproduce the identical texture properties of seafood. As society gravitates toward eco‐conscious food choices, the exploration of microalgae as a core ingredient in plant‐based seafood alternatives aligns with the quest for ethical, environmentally sustainable, and nutritious food sources. This expanding field holds immense potential for reshaping the future of food by offering appealing, cruelty‐free alternatives while reducing dependence on traditional, unsustainable modes of seafood production.
Young Onset Dementia in New South Wales, Australia in 1891: What has Changed Since Then?
Authors: Draper Brian Michael , Loi Samantha
Published: September 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the prevalence and types of young onset dementia (YOD) in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, in 1891 with comparisons to 21st century estimates. Changes might inform future service planning for persons with YOD.

Methods

Medical case books of two Hospitals for the Insane were examined at the State Archives and clinical and sociodemographic information extracted of persons who were under the age of 65 in April 1891, when a NSW Census occurred, and were given a dementia diagnosis or had symptoms consistent with dementia. Consensus 21st century ‘probable’ and ‘possible’ all cause dementia and major neurocognitive disorder diagnoses were determined by two psychiatrists. Prevalence estimates of moderate‐severe dementia were determined and compared with 21st century estimates and dementia types.

Results

Of 161 potential dementia cases, 123 were given a consensus ‘probable’ dementia diagnosis, 28 a ‘possible’ dementia diagnosis, and ten were given a non‐dementia diagnosis, with ‘all cause dementia’ and ‘major neurocognitive disorder’ diagnoses identical. Most dementia cases were male (n = 119, 78.8%). ‘Unspecified dementia’ was the most frequent diagnosis (n = 47, 31.1%), followed by dementia secondary to syphilis (n = 35, 23.2%), epileptic dementia (n = 30, 19.9%), alcohol‐related dementia (n = 17, 11.3%), and mixed dementia (n = 16, 10.6%). Epileptic dementia had the youngest average age of admission (34.9 years). Other than epileptic dementia, all other dementia types were more frequent in males. Prominent clinical symptoms included neurological signs (n = 79, 52.3%), psychosis (n = 77, 51.0%), agitation (n = 75, 49.7%), and aggression (n = 45, 29.8%). Most dementia cases either died in hospital (n = 79, 52.3%) or were transferred to a long stay hospital (n = 57, 37.7%). The estimated point prevalence of YOD in persons aged 30–59 in 1891 (86 per 100,000) was higher than current Australian and global estimates in this age group due to the high rates in males (126 per 100,000), but in those aged 60–64, the prevalence in 1891 (159 per 100,000) was much lower than current estimates.

Conclusions

This first examination of YOD in the nineteenth century found high rates of dementia in those under the age of 60 compared with current estimates, particularly in men aged between 30 and 59 years old, and largely due to syphilis, alcohol and epilepsy, conditions that are now treatable and thus demonstrating the potential of effective treatments for YOD.
Prostate neuroendocrine carcinoma successfully treated with etoposide and cisplatin
Authors: Ishizaki Masanori , Hasumi Masaru , Muramatsu Kazumichi , Shimizu Nobuaki
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The frequency of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate is low, accounting for approximately 1%–5% of all prostate cancers. Herein, we report the case of a patient who was diagnosed with prostate neuroendocrine carcinoma and successfully treated with etoposide and cisplatin.

Case presentation

A 74‐year‐old man presented to the urology department with the chief complaint of urinary retention. After a thorough examination, he was diagnosed with neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate and treated with etoposide and cisplatin, called “EP therapy.” The patient remained in remission 1 year later.

Conclusion

A patient with neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate was successfully treated with etoposide and cisplatin, and the patient remained in remission. Prostate neuroendocrine carcinomas are rare and have poor prognoses. Therefore, information regarding treatments that can improve prognosis is needed.
iNAP 2.0: Harnessing metabolic complementarity in microbial network analysis
Authors: Peng Xi , Feng Kai , Yang Xingsheng , He Qing , Zhao Bo , Li Tong , Wang Shang , Deng Ye
Published: September 2024

With the widespread adoption of metagenomic sequencing, new perspectives have emerged for studying microbial ecological networks, yielding metabolic evidence of interspecies interactions that traditional co‐occurrence networks cannot infer. This protocol introduces the integrated Network Analysis Pipeline 2.0 (iNAP 2.0), which features an innovative metabolic complementarity network for microbial studies from metagenomics sequencing data. iNAP 2.0 sets up a four‐module process for metabolic interaction analysis, namely: (I) Prepare genome‐scale metabolic models; (II) Infer pairwise interactions of genome‐scale metabolic models; (III) Construct metabolic interaction networks; and (IV) Analyze metabolic interaction networks. Starting from metagenome‐assembled or complete genomes, iNAP 2.0 offers a variety of methods to quantify the potential and trends of metabolic complementarity between models, including the PhyloMint pipeline based on phylogenetic distance‐adjusted metabolic complementarity, the SMETANA (species metabolic interaction analysis) approach based on cross‐feeding substrate exchange prediction, and metabolic distance calculation based on parsimonious flux balance analysis (pFBA). Notably, iNAP 2.0 integrates the random matrix theory (RMT) approach to find the suitable threshold for metabolic interaction network construction. Finally, the metabolic interaction networks can proceed to analysis using topological feature analysis such as hub node determination. In addition, a key feature of iNAP 2.0 is the identification of potentially transferable metabolites between species, presented as intermediate nodes that connect microbial nodes in the metabolic complementarity network. To illustrate these new features, we use a set of metagenome‐assembled genomes as an example to comprehensively document the usage of the tools. iNAP 2.0 is available at https://inap.denglab.org.cn for all users to register and use for free.
Multi‐sensors edge computing for tennis stroke recognition in IoT environment
Authors: Zhang Yong
Published: September 2024

This paper proposes a multi‐sensors edge computing approach for tennis stroke recognition in an IoT environment. By applying the edge computing capabilities to this framework, we can ensure swift local processing of sensor data, thereby significantly reducing latency and enhancing system scalability for tennis stroke. In this way, we develop an advanced multi‐sensor based tennis stroke recognition mechanism, which employs dedicated measuring sensors mounted on the player's forearm to comprehensively capture intricate motion patterns and send the collected data to the edge computing center. Through rigorous analysis at the edge, we can determine the optimal actions in stroke detection with minimum delay, in which the optimal training datasets for stroke classification are also determined. Experimental results indicate that the proposed mechanism surpasses the state‐of‐the‐art methods and achieves effective adaptability and scalability for tennis stroke recognition in IoT‐driven environments, evidenced by their commendable performance even when applied to athletes not included in the training datasets.
Superb microvascular imaging for assessment of post‐cesarean myometrial blood flow from 1 to 4 weeks after operation: A preliminary study
Authors: Muto Megumi , Horinouchi Takashi , Kurokawa Yusuke , Yokomine Masato , Yoshizato Toshiyuki , Tsuda Naotake
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To evaluate superb microvascular imaging for measuring puerperal myometrial microvascular blood flows at incisional sites following cesarean delivery.

Methods

Twenty postpartum women (singleton births) were studied: 10 with cesarean and 10 with transvaginal deliveries. All cesarean cases were first operational delivery with lower uterine incision, repaired with double‐layer suture. At 1 and 4 weeks postpartum, the uterus was delineated using transvaginal ultrasonography with superb microvascular imaging. Separate regions of interest were created for anterior myometrium of the isthmus and the body. The microvascular flow profile in three circular sampling points placed in a region of interest was quantified and expressed as vascular density. The vascular density ratio of the uterine isthmus to the body was compared between one and four weeks for both groups. Wilcoxon's signed‐rank test was used to assess statistical significance (set at p < 0.05).

Results

In cesarean deliveries, the vascular density ratio of the uterine isthmus to the body increased from 1 (median: 0.51, range: 0.30–0.68) to 4 weeks (0.99, 0.85–1.60), whereas no changes were noted in transvaginal deliveries.

Conclusion

Superb microvascular imaging can effectively measure myometrial microvascular blood flow recovery at cesarean incision sites, indicating its potential as a tool for monitoring postpartum wound healing.
Evaluation of prognostic efficacy of liver immune status index in predicting postoperative outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma patients: A multi‐institutional retrospective study
Authors: Imaoka Yuki , Ohira Masahiro , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Honmyo Naruhiko , Hamaoka Michinori , Onoe Takashi , Takei Daisuke , Oishi Koichi , Abe Tomoyuki , Nakayama Toshihiro , Akabane Miho , Sasaki Kazunari , Ohdan Hideki ,   Hiroshima Surgical Study Group of Clinical Oncology (HiSCO)
Published: September 2024

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks third in cancer‐related deaths globally. Despite treatment advances, high post‐hepatectomy recurrence rates (RR), especially with liver fibrosis and hepatitis C virus infection, remain challenging. Key prognostic factors include vascular invasion and perioperative blood loss, impacting extrahepatic recurrence. Natural killer (NK) cells are crucial in countering circulating tumor cells through TRAIL‐mediated pathways. The aim of this study was to validate the liver immune status index (LISI) as a predictive tool for liver NK cell antitumor efficiency, particularly in HCC patients with vascular invasion.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of 1337 primary HCC hepatectomies was conducted by the Hiroshima Surgical Study Group of Clinical Oncology (HiSCO). Clinicodemographic data were extracted from electronic medical records. Prognostic indices (FIB‐4, ALBI, ALICE, GNRI, APRI, and LISI) were evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values. Survival analyses employed Kaplan–Meier estimations and log‐rank tests.

Results

LISI significantly correlated with other prognostic markers and stratified patients into risk groups with distinct overall survival (OS) and RR. It showed superior predictive performance for 2‐year OS and RR, especially in patients with vascular invasion. Over longer periods, APRI and FIB‐4 index reliabilities improved. The HISCO‐HCC score, combining LISI, tumor burden score, and alpha‐fetoprotein levels, enhanced prognostic accuracy.

Conclusion

LISI outperformed existing models, particularly in HCC with vascular invasion. The HISCO‐HCC score offers improved prognostic precision, guiding immunotherapeutic strategies and individualized patient care in HCC.
Impact of COVID‐19 lockdown on sleep patterns and the related problems among nursing students
Authors: Elbilgahy Amal Ahmed , Alanazi Areej Musaad , Alrawili Badriah Mefrh , Alenezi Rawan Mamdouh , Alanazi Rawan Fahad , Alanazi Amal Khulaif , Fawzy Manal S.
Published: September 2024

Aim

To evaluate the impact of the COVID‐19 lockdown on sleep patterns and quality among nursing students in our college.

Design

A cross‐sectional study was carried out.

Methods

A total of 302 nursing students aged 18–25 years, representing both genders and various academic levels, participated in this study. A pre‐validated, self‐administered questionnaire was used to assess sleep quality during COVID‐19 and it was distributed through various social media platforms for data collection.

Results

Female students comprised the majority (92.1%) of participants. Of 332 nursing students, 302 completed the questionnaire, yielding a 91% response rate. Statistically significant differences were observed before and during the COVID‐19 lockdown regarding the need to sleep after waking, feeling refreshed upon waking, satisfaction with individual sleep patterns and experiencing restless and troubled sleep (p = 0.001). Additionally, approximately one‐third of nursing students (32.9%) reported poor sleep quality during the COVID‐19 pandemic, with minimal impact on the total sleep hours among the studied cohorts.

Public Contribution

The COVID‐19 pandemic has statistically significant impacted nursing students' sleep quality and levels. Acknowledging these challenges and planning for providing supporting measurements is essential to ensuring that nursing students can maintain their physical and mental health, which is critical for their ability to provide quality healthcare.
Exploring the factors affecting the readiness for hospital discharge after total knee arthroplasty: A structural equation model approach
Authors: Li Na , Guo Manjie , You Simeng , Ji Hong
Published: September 2024

Aim

To investigate the factors that influence readiness for hospital discharge in Chinese patients after total knee arthroplasty and to identify priorities for nursing interventions.

Design

A cross‐sectional study.

Methods

From January to August 2022, data were collected from 339 patients at two tertiary A‐level hospitals in Jinan, Shandong Province. SPSS 26.0 and Mplus 8.3 software were used for statistical analysis.

Results

Results from multiple linear regression showed that patients' age, residence status, education level, knee pain during sleep, quality of discharge teaching, self‐efficacy for rehabilitation, pain control knowledge, and social support were factors influencing their readiness for hospital discharge. The results of the structural equation model had shown that there were also indirect effects of the education level, knee pain during sleep, quality of discharge teaching, and pain control knowledge.

Conclusion

Patients' readiness for hospital discharge needs further improvement, hence physicians and nurses should judiciously allocate medical resources and concentrate their efforts on high‐risk groups characterized by low readiness for hospital discharge.

Implications for the Profession and Patient Care

This study underscores the importance of physicians and nurses prioritizing key factors such as age, residency status, education level, and social support in total knee arthroplasty patients to enhance their readiness for hospital discharge. By implementing targeted discharge planning, effective pain management, and comprehensive rehabilitation education, healthcare providers can improve patient outcomes.

Impact

This study identified key factors influencing readiness for hospital discharge in total knee arthroplasty patients, guiding targeted nursing interventions to improve post‐operative care.

Reporting Method

STROBE.

Patient or Public Contribution

The participants recruited for this study were actively engaged in the data collection process.
Obesity increases the risk of hepatic fibrosis in young adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the need to screen
Authors: Sharma Anu , Godinez Leiva Eddison , Kalavalapalli Srilaxmi , Lomonaco Romina , Marangi Stephen A. , Valdez Saenz Enrique , Gonzalez Maria A. , Ortiz Rocha Andrea , Cuervo Pardo Nathaly , Rosenberg Jens , Bedossa Pierre , Bril Fernando , Barb Diana , Cusi Kenneth
Published: September 2024

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in young compared with older adults.

Methods

Individuals (n = 1420) with (63%) and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D; 37%) who attended internal medicine clinics and did not have a known history of MASLD underwent laboratory evaluation and transient elastography to assess for hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. Magnetic resonance elastography and liver biopsy were recommended when indicated.

Results

A total of 243 participants were ages <45 years, and 1177 were ages ≥45 years. Obesity, T2D, and metabolic syndrome were highly prevalent in young adults. Frequencies of steatosis and fibrosis were high in young adults (50.2% and 7.5% vs. older adults 52.7% and 9.9%, respectively) and were significantly higher in those with both obesity and T2D (71.1% and 15.7%, respectively; p < 0.01). In young adults, T2D and obesity were the strongest risk factors for hepatic fibrosis (odds ratios 4.33 [95% CI: 1.37–13.68] and 1.16 [95% CI: 1.07–1.25], respectively; p < 0.05).

Conclusions

There is a high prevalence of clinically significant hepatic fibrosis in young adults with cardiometabolic risk factors. Up to one in seven young adults with obesity and T2D had clinically significant hepatic fibrosis on elastography. This highlights the need to screen young adults with cardiometabolic risk factors for MASLD for early detection and intervention.
Experimental study on the residual strength of butt adhesive joints subjected to systematic creep damage
Authors: Bidadi Jamal , Saeidi Googarchin Hamed
Published: September 2024

Using adhesively bonded joints is an effective strategy for achieving lightweight designs. However, understanding the long‐term performance of these bonded joints remains a critical concern. Creep is a time‐dependent phenomenon induced by sustained mechanical loads, which can lead to viscous strain in adhesive materials. This strain has the potential to cause cracking in bonded structures over time. This study aims to investigate the creep and post‐creep behaviors of adhesively bonded aluminum joints, focusing on two crucial parameters: creep load level and creep duration. Butt adhesive joint (BAJ) specimens were fabricated and exposed to varying creep loads and times. Subsequently, quasi‐static tensile tests were conducted to assess the residual mechanical properties. The results indicated that higher creep loads resulted in increased creep deformations at constant creep durations. Furthermore, a downward trend was observed in the residual tensile mechanical properties of BAJ specimens following creep. Specifically, higher creep load levels and longer times led to more pronounced reductions in joint strength, strain, and stiffness. These reductions in joint mechanical properties were corroborated through joint fracture surface analysis. Additionally, mathematical models were developed using response surface methodology (RSM) to predict the experimental joint residual mechanical properties under different creep loads and times.

Highlights

Investigation of creep and post‐creep behaviors in adhesive joints.

Higher creep load levels result in greater joint permanent deformations.

Impact of higher creep load levels and durations on joint failure strength.

Decreasing in the joint deformability and stiffness after creep.
Changes in walking speed following resistance training in people with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: McManaman Connor , Novak Brianna , Paul Lorna , Rooney Scott
Published: September 2024

Background

Reduced walking ability, especially decreased gait speed, is one of the most common and disabling impairments reported by people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Considering the impact of muscle strength on walking ability, resistance training may have the potential to improve walking speed in MS. Therefore, this systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to evaluate the effect of lower limb resistance training on walking speed in people with MS.

Methods

Seven databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, The Allied and Complimentary Medicine Database, Web of Science, Physiotherapy Evidence Database [PEDro], PsycINFO, and Sports Medicine and Education Index) were searched in March 2024 for studies that met the following eligibility criteria: randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of resistance training interventions on objective measures of walking speed in people with MS. Risk of bias was assessed using the PEDro scale. Meta‐analysis was performed to quantify intervention effect using a random effects model.

Results

Twelve randomized controlled trials were included, reporting data on 425 individuals with MS. Participants had mostly relapsing–remitting MS (85%) and a mild–moderate level of disability (Expanded Disability Status Score 1.0–6.0). Results of the meta‐analysis (based on 7 of the included studies) indicated a significant yet variable improvement in walking speed in favor of the intervention (0.10 m/s, 95% confidence interval 0.01–0.19, p < .05). Sensitivity analysis indicates that larger improvements in walking speed were found over tests covering shorter distances.

Conclusions

Resistance training was found to significantly improve walking speed in people with MS. However, variability in results were noted across studies; accordingly, future research should determine how variables—particularly related to resistance training prescription—influence the intervention effect.
Design and Simulation of Circular Dielectric Resonator Antenna and Investigation of Structure, Microstructure, and Dielectric Properties of Mn‐Modified Sr2SnO4
Authors: Kumar Upendra , Yadav Vedika , Kumar Raj , Singh Pinki
Published: September 2024

Samples with compositions of Sr2Sn1−xMnxO4(SSM) with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.10 are prepared by conventional ceramic route via heat treatment at 1350 °C. Phase and crystal structure analysis is studied using X‐ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement to confirm the crystallization of samples in the tetragonal structure under space group I4/mmm. The size‐strain plot method is employed to identify the role of Mn on crystallite size/microstrain/dislocation density. The scanning electron microscope and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis confirm a significant change in the grain size and compositional homogeneity of all samples with Mn‐doping. Dielectric properties of samples are explained in terms of interfacial and orientation polarization of dipoles . Modulus studies show the exclusion of electrode contribution from the electrical properties. The single‐segment circular dielectric resonator antenna is designed with the help of experimental dielectric parameters and showed two major resonant frequencies at 3.6 and 6.7 GHz. The reduction in the S11 parameter and −10 dB reflection coefficient bandwidth with Mn‐doping observed due to overlapping of the E‐field line suggests the application in patch array antenna for radar and satellite communication applications. This study also enables to explore Sr2SnO4‐based Ruddlesden Popper oxide for antenna and mm‐wave communication applications.
Nonclassical Spin‐Multiplexing Metasurfaces Enabled Multifunctional Meta‐Scope
Authors: Sun Chuang , Wang Zixuan , Kiang Kian Shen , Buchnev Oleksandr , Tang Dawei , Yan Jize , Ou Jun‐Yu
Published: September 2024

Dielectric metasurfaces have emerged as attractive devices for advanced imaging systems because of their high efficiency, ability of wavefront manipulation, and lightweight. The classical spin‐multiplexing metasurfaces can only provide two orthogonal circular polarization channels and require high phase contrast which limits their applications. Here, metasurfaces with arbitrary three independent channels are demonstrated by proposing a nonclassical spin‐multiplexing approach exploring the low refractive index meta‐atoms. A zoom microscope with on‐axis tri‐foci and a synchronous achiral‐chiral microscope with in‐plane tri‐foci based on silicon nitride metasurfaces are experimentally demonstrated. Based on the on‐axis tri‐foci metasurface, singlet zoom imaging with three magnifications and a broadband response (blue to red) based on a single metasurface is first demonstrated. A compact microscope (meta‐scope) consisting of two metasurfaces with three magnifications of 9.5, 10, and 29X with diffraction‐limited resolutions is further constructed, respectively. Utilizing the in‐plane tri‐foci metasurface, a singlet microscope with three achiral‐chiral channels is demonstrated. It offers a magnification of 53X and a diffraction‐limited resolution, enabling simultaneous imaging of an object's achiral and chiral properties. Our multifunctional metasurfaces and meta‐scope approaches could boost the applications in biological imaging and machine vision.