bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The agency of “doing something”: Ethnographic research on subject positions at predominantly White institutions
Authors: Wang Chenyu , LaDousa Chaise
Published: January 2024

A small elite liberal arts college in the northeastern United States provides a context for the promotion and proliferation of a discourse of diversity, equity, and inclusion. This article considers projects emergent from a summer research fellowship offered to groups of faculty members and students. We compare the ways in which the group of students led by us and the group of students led by another set of faculty developed questions and explored aspects of diversity, equity, and inclusion. We show that the other group began their efforts by foregrounding work on the production of inequality but ended up with a rather neoliberal subjectivity focused on the exploration of the self and one's feelings. Our group managed to avoid such an outcome, but, unlike the other group, our work got passed over for promotion on the College's website. Our insights seek to provide a context for the transformation of calls to “do something” in the academic institution in which we work into depoliticized representations of difference ripe for institutional display and promotion.
How do we make progress in phenotyping patients with LUT such as OAB and underactive detrusor, including using urine markers and microbiome data, in order to personalize therapy? ICI‐RS 2023: Part 1
Authors: Finazzi Agrò Enrico , Rosato Eleonora , Wagg Adrian , Sinha Sanjay , Fede Spicchiale Claudia , Serati Maurizio , Mancini Vito , de Rijk Mathijs , Tarcan Tufan , Wein Alan , Abrams Paul , Bou Kheir George
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Overactive bladder (OAB) and Underactive bladder (UAB) could be associated with metabolic syndrome, affective disorders, sex hormone deficiency, changes in urinary microbiota, functional gastrointestinal disorders, or autonomic nervous system dysfunction.

Objectives

The aim of this Think Tank was to provide a guide on how to investigate OAB and/or detrusor underactivity (DU) patients to better clarify the underlying pathophysiology and possibly personalize the treatment.

Methods

A compendium of discussion based on the current evidence related to phenotyping patients with OAB or DU investigating metabolic, neurogical, psychological and gastrointestinal aspects with the aim to personalize the treatment.

Results and Conclusions

The article emphasizes the critical significance of adopting a comprehensive yet tailored approach to phenotyping patients with lower urinary tract symptoms, such as OAB and UAB. The intricate interplay between the lower urinary tract and various factors, metabolic, neurological, psychological, and gastrointestinal can define unique LUT profiles, enabling personalized therapies to replace the one‐size‐fits‐all approach.
How do we make progress in phenotyping patients with lower urinary tract such as overactive bladder and underactive detrusor, including using urine markers and microbiome data, to personalize therapy? ICI‐RS 2023—Part 2
Authors: Finazzi Agrò Enrico , Rosato Eleonora , Wagg Adrian , Sinha Sanjay , Fede Spicchiale Claudia , Serati Maurizio , Mancini Vito , de Rijk Mathijs , Tarcan Tufan , Wein Alan , Abrams Paul , Bou Kheir George
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Overactive bladder (OAB) and underactive bladder (UAB) could be associated with metabolic syndrome, affective disorders, sex hormone deficiency, changes in urinary microbiota, functional gastrointestinal disorders, or autonomic nervous system dysfunction.

Objectives

The aim of this Think Tank was to provide a guide on how to investigate OAB and/or detrusor underactivity (DU) patients to better clarify the underlying pathophysiology and possibly personalize the treatment.

Methods

A compendium of discussion based on the current evidence related to phenotyping patients with OAB or DU using urodynamic tests, functional neuro‐imaging, urinary markers, and microbiome.

Results and Conclusions

The article emphasizes the critical significance of adopting a comprehensive yet tailored approach to phenotyping patients with lower urinary tract (LUT) symptoms, such as OAB and UAB. The intricate interplay between the LUT and various factors, metabolic, neurological, psychological, and gastrointestinal can define unique LUT profiles, enabling personalized therapies to replace the one‐size‐fits‐all approach.
The antecedents of conformity in an institutionalized federated system: The case of local united ways
Authors: Hwang Hyunseok , LePere‐Schloop Megan , You Wenpei , Paarlberg Laurie E.
Published: January 2024

To what extent do organizations conform to external pressures within a highly institutionalized federated system? Drawing on the theory of middle‐status conformity, and distinguishing between ascribed and achieved status, we examine variation in linguistic conformity across the United Way (UW) system. Using a unique set of data collected from multiple sources, we analyzed the effect of both ascribed status (age) and achieved status (fundraising performance) on local UW conformity to the community impact language of the United Way Worldwide (UWW). We found a curvilinear relationship between linguistic conformity and achieved status but not ascribed status. Local UWs with achieved middle status based on fundraising performance were more likely to conform to the UWW's community impact language than low and high‐status local UWs. The presence of a state UW association moderated the relationship between achieved status and linguistic conformity. This study contributes a novel conceptualization and operationalization of organizational conformity, refines the theory of middle‐status conformity by distinguishing two types of status in the context of a highly institutionalized federated system, and examines moderating conditions of middle‐status conformity.
Commentary on the role of polyoxometalates in nature cybernetic loop
Authors: Monakhov Kirill Yu.
Published: January 2024

The interplay between extraterrestrial, atmospheric, aqueous, interfacial, and hydrothermal processes is crucial for Earth's prebiotic chemistry. Volcanic terrains contain polyoxometalates (POMs). Some polyoxocuprates were identified as building blocks of fumarole minerals produced from high‐temperature gases. The existence of polyoxovanadate anions in acidified reducing volcanic aquifers cannot be excluded. At present, it can only be speculated whether life arose around natural POM deposits and/or around their aqueous phase chemistry through acid‐base and/or redox reactions. This Commentary spans different fields of sciences in nature cybernetic loop to provide impetus to explore gas‐phase chemical reactions of multiply charged POM ions, catalysis by POM‐containing mineral phases, the behavior of POMs under plasma‐initiated ultraviolet photolysis, interactions of POMs with microorganisms, bioorthogonal chemistry of POMs, and engineering POM‐based bionic functions inspired by living organisms.
The individual‐level effects of social media campaigns related to healthy eating, physical activity, and healthy weight: A narrative review
Authors: Luo Yajing , Maafs‐Rodríguez Ana G. , Hatfield Daniel P.
Published: January 2024

Objective

Social media are promising channels for health communication promoting positive weight‐related behaviors, but no prior studies have synthesized evidence on the independent effects of social media campaigns focused on promoting healthy eating, physical activity (PA), and healthy weight. This study aimed to fill that gap and inform future social media‐based obesity‐prevention research and practice by reviewing findings from studies testing the effects of such campaigns on individual‐level cognitive, behavioral, and anthropometric outcomes.

Method

The Web of Science and PubMed databases were searched for peer‐reviewed articles published between 2012 and 2023 that explored the independent effects of social media campaigns related to healthy eating, PA, or weight management. Study characteristics and outcomes were extracted and summarized.

Results

Eleven studies were included in this review describing campaigns targeting healthy eating‐related outcomes (e.g., fruit and vegetable consumption, meal preparation, nutrition label reading), PA, or weight management. Most campaigns (n = 7) were developed by universities or research centers. Priority audiences included parents, adult females, adolescents, college students, and adult government employees. The majority (n = 8) of the campaigns used single platforms, with the most common being Facebook, Instagram, blogs, and YouTube. Campaigns had mixed effects on cognitive outcomes (e.g., intention, attitude, knowledge), behavioral outcomes (e.g., food choices, PA), and anthropometric outcomes (e.g., weight, waist circumference).

Conclusion

Social media campaigns focused on promoting healthy eating, PA, and healthy weight had mixed effects on individual‐level cognitive, behavioral, and anthropometric outcomes. Various limitations of the included studies make it difficult to ascertain which factors influence campaign effectiveness. Advancing knowledge in this area is important, particularly given social media's widespread use and potential for broad reach. New research with features such as rigorous study designs, larger and more diverse samples, and strong theoretical foundations may provide important insights into what types of interventions are effective or not and under what conditions.
Mutational signature and prognosis in adenocarcinoma of the bladder
Authors: Yang Guoliang , Shahatiaili Akezhouli , Bai Shihao , Wang Liyang , Jin Di , Cao Ming , Su Peipei , Liu Qiang , Tao Kun , Long Qi , Shi Yi , Xiao Jing , Tian Futong , Zhang Lianhua , Chen Haige , Su Xianbin
Published: January 2024

Adenocarcinoma of the bladder is a rare urinary bladder carcinoma with limited therapy options due to lack of molecular characterization. Here, we aimed to reveal the mutational and transcriptomic landscapes of adenocarcinoma of the bladder and assess any relationship with prognosis. Between February 2015 and June 2021, a total of 23 patients with adenocarcinoma of the bladder were enrolled. These included 16 patients with primary bladder adenocarcinomas and seven patients with urachal adenocarcinoma. Whole exome sequencing (16 patients), whole genome sequencing (16 patients), bulk RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) (19 patients), and single‐cell RNA‐seq (5 patients) were conducted for the specimens. Correlation analysis, survival analysis, and t‐tests were also performed. Prevalent T>A substitutions were observed among somatic mutations, and major trinucleotide contexts included 5’‐CTC‐3’ and 5’‐CTG‐3’. This pattern was mainly contributed by COSMIC signature 22 related to chemical carcinogen exposure (probably aristolochic acid), which has not been reported in bladder adenocarcinoma. Moreover, genes with copy number changes were also enriched in the KEGG term ‘chemical carcinogenesis’. Transcriptomic analysis suggested high immune cell infiltration and luminal‐like features in the majority of samples. Interestingly, a small fraction of samples with an APOBEC‐derived mutational signature exhibited a higher risk of disease progression compared with samples with only a chemical carcinogen‐related signature, confirming the molecular and prognostic heterogeneity of bladder adenocarcinoma. This study presents mutational and transcriptomic landscapes of bladder adenocarcinoma, and indicates that a chemical carcinogen‐related mutational signature may be related to a better prognosis compared with an APOBEC signature in adenocarcinoma of the bladder. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Integrated transcriptomic landscape of the effect of anti‐steatotic treatments in high‐fat diet mouse models of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Fuster‐Martínez Isabel , Català‐Senent José F , Hidalgo Marta R , Roig Francisco J , Esplugues Juan V , Apostolova Nadezda , García‐García Francisco , Blas‐García Ana
Published: January 2024

High‐fat diet (HFD) mouse models are widely used in research to develop medications to treat non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as they mimic the steatosis, inflammation, and hepatic fibrosis typically found in this complex human disease. The aims of this study were to identify a complete transcriptomic signature of these mouse models and to characterize the transcriptional impact exerted by different experimental anti‐steatotic treatments. For this reason, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of liver transcriptomic studies performed in HFD‐fed C57BL/6J mice, comparing them with control mice and HFD‐fed mice receiving potential anti‐steatotic treatments. Analyzing 21 studies broaching 24 different treatments, we obtained a robust HFD transcriptomic signature that included 2,670 differentially expressed genes and 2,567 modified gene ontology biological processes. Treated HFD mice generally showed a reversion of this HFD signature, although the extent varied depending on the treatment. The biological processes most frequently reversed were those related to lipid metabolism, response to stress, and immune system, whereas processes related to nitrogen compound metabolism were generally not reversed. When comparing this HFD signature with a signature of human NAFLD progression, we identified 62 genes that were common to both; 10 belonged to the group that were reversed by treatments. Altered expression of most of these 10 genes was confirmed in vitro in hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells exposed to a lipotoxic or a profibrogenic stimulus, respectively. In conclusion, this study provides a vast amount of information about transcriptomic changes induced during the progression and regression of NAFLD and identifies some relevant targets. Our results may help in the assessment of treatment efficacy, the discovery of unmet therapeutic targets, and the search for novel biomarkers. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
The fifth edition of the WHO classification of mature B‐cell neoplasms: open questions for research
Authors: Coupland Sarah E , Du Ming‐Qing , Ferry Judith A , de Jong Daphne , Khoury Joseph D , Leoncini Lorenzo , Naresh Kikkeri N , Ott German , Siebert Reiner , Xerri Luc ,   the WHO 5th Edition Classification Project
Published: January 2024

The fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours (WHO‐HAEM5) is the product of an evidence‐based evolution of the revised fourth edition with wide multidisciplinary consultation. Nonetheless, while every classification incorporates scientific advances and aims to improve upon the prior version, medical knowledge remains incomplete and individual neoplasms may not be easily subclassified in a given scheme. Thus, optimal classification requires ongoing study, and there are certain aspects of some entities and subtypes that require further refinements. In this review, we highlight a selection of these challenging areas to prompt more research investigations. These include (1) a ‘placeholder term’ of splenic B‐cell lymphoma/leukaemia with prominent nucleoli (SBLPN) to accommodate many of the splenic lymphomas previously classified as hairy cell leukaemia variant and B‐prolymphocytic leukaemia, a clear new start to define their pathobiology; (2) how best to classify BCL2 rearrangement negative follicular lymphoma including those with BCL6 rearrangement, integrating the emerging new knowledge on various germinal centre B‐cell subsets; (3) what is the spectrum of non‐IG gene partners of MYC translocation in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma/high‐grade B‐cell lymphoma and how they impact MYC expression and clinical outcome; how best to investigate this in a routine clinical setting; and (4) how best to define high‐grade B‐cell lymphoma not otherwise specified and high‐grade B‐cell lymphoma with 11q aberrations to distinguish them from their mimics and characterise their molecular pathogenetic mechanism. Addressing these questions would provide more robust evidence to better define these entities/subtypes, improve their diagnosis and/or prognostic stratification, leading to better patient care. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Feasibility and antitumour activity of the FGFR inhibitor erdafitnib in three paediatric CNS tumour patients
Authors: Stepien Natalia , Mayr Lisa , Schmook Maria T. , Raimann Adalbert , Dorfer Christian , Peyrl Andreas , Azizi Amedeo A. , Schramm Kathrin , Haberler Christine , Gojo Johannes
Published: January 2024

Alterations of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling pathway are increasingly recognized as frequent oncogenic drivers of paediatric brain tumours. We report on three patients treated with the selective FGFR1–4 inhibitor erdafitinib. Two patients were diagnosed with a posterior fossa ependymoma group A (PFA EPN) and one with a low‐grade glioma (LGG), harbouring FGFR3/FGFR1 overexpression and anFGFR1internal tandem duplication (ITD), respectively. While both EPN patients did not respond to erdafitinib treatment, theFGFR1‐ITD‐harbouring tumour showed a significant decrease in tumour volume and contrast enhancement throughout treatment. The tumour remained stable 6 months after treatment discontinuation.
Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors: A new‐possible approach for in‐utero medication therapy
Authors: Qaderi Shohra , Javinani Ali , Blumenfeld Yair J. , Krispin Eyal , Papanna Ramesha , Chervenak Frank A. , Shamshirsaz Alireza A.
Published: January 2024

The mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a protein kinase that plays a crucial role in regulating cellular growth, metabolism, and survival. Although there is no absolute contraindication for the use of mTOR inhibitors during pregnancy, the specific fetal effects remain unknown. Available data from the past 2 decades have examined the use of mTOR inhibitors during pregnancy in patients with solid organ transplantation, showing no clear link to fetal complications or structural abnormalities. Recently, a handful of case reports and series have described transplacental therapy of mTOR inhibitors to control symptomatic and complicated pathologies in the fetus. The effect of these agents includes a significant reduction in lesion size in the fetus and a reduced need for mechanical ventilation in neonates. In this context, we delve into the potential of mTOR inhibitors as in‐utero therapy for fetal abnormalities, with a primary focus on lymphatic malformation (LM) and cardiac rhabdomyoma (CR). While preliminary reports underscore the efficacy of mTOR inhibitors for the treatment of fetal CR and fetal brain lesions associated with tuberous sclerosis complex, chylothorax, and LMs, additional investigation and clinical trials are essential to comprehensively assess the safety and efficacy of these medications.
The nature of the NO bond in amine oxides
Authors: Martins Danilo Eduardo , Galembeck Sérgio E.
Published: January 2024

Despite the ubiquitous presence of amine oxides in chemistry, there is no consensus about the nature of the NO bond in these compounds. In this work, we have used electron density analysis to investigate the nature of this bond in substituted amine oxides, R3NO, and have compared it with the nature of the NO bond in hydroxylamines, R2NOR, and model molecules that have well‐established chemical bond character. The results showed that the NO bond length and relative stability are proportional to the inductive effect of the substituents. Quantum chemical topology, natural bond orbitals (NBO), and natural resonance theory (NRT) analyses indicated that the NO bond is polar covalent in all the studied amine oxides, but the ionic contribution is different. NBO and NRT analyses revealed that molecules with more electronegative substituents have strongly delocalized NO and NR bonds, whereas molecules with electropositive substituents have localized bonds.
Zinc‐bis(imino)pyridine Complexes as Catalysts for Intermolecular Amidation of Benzylic C(sp3)−HBond
Authors: Raj Lakshkar Ritu , Yadav Seema , Thirumoorthi Ramalingam , Ray Sriparna , Dash Chandrakanta
Published: January 2024

Efficient NNN‐pincer type bis(imino)pyridine ligand based zinc(II) catalyzed intermolecular amidation of benzylic hydrocarbons with sulfonamides has been developed. The zinc complexes were synthesized by the reaction of bis(imino)pyridine ligand with zinc(II) precursors such as Zn(OAc)2 ⋅ 2H2Oand ZnBr2. The structure of the bis(imino)pyridine‐Zn(OAc)2 complex was characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The zinc(II)‐bis(imino)pyridine complexes were utilized as catalysts for the intermolecular amidation of benzylic C(sp3)−H bond in the presence of N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS) as an oxidant. A broad range of substrates delivered the products in moderate to good yields. This protocol provides the synthesis of various amides viaC−H activation.
Pb (II) Adsorption over Activated Carbon Prepared from Cedrus Deodara Bark by Na2CO3 Activation: Optimal Design for Modelling and Process Optimization
Authors: Lall Anurag Samson , Pandey Avinash Kumar , Mani Jyoti Vandana
Published: January 2024

Cedrus deodara is an evergreen cone‐bearing tree and its bark is a common timber industry waste. Activated carbon (CDAC) was prepared from Cedrus deodara bark through Na2CO3 – activation for efficient adsorption of Pb (II) ions. D‐optimal design based on RSM revealed that optimum conditions for preparation of activated carbon involved impregnation ratio=1.02 : 1 (w/w) and pyrolysis temperature=604.7 °C. Using 0.1 g CDAC in 200 ml of 10 ppm Pb (II) solution provided 99.4 % removal at pH 6. D‐optimal design was also employed to optimize the adsorption process and to examine influence of operational parameters including pH, initial Pb (II) concentration and contact time. CDAC was characterized using FE‐SEM, EDS, FTIR, XRD and BET analysis. Adsorption followed pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model with maximum monolayer adsorption capacity 236.41 mg g−1. The free energy change (▵G̊=−12.66 kJ mol−1), entropy change (▵S̊=0.28 kJ K−1 mol−1), and enthalpy change (▵H̊=72.07 kJ mol−1) revealed spontaneous and endothermic characteristics of adsorption. For evaluating the performance of CDAC, river water samples from Sangam, a pilgrimage site of India, were treated using a vertical column packed with CDAC. Additionally, the effective cost of CDAC was also evaluated.
Microbial Transformation of Curcumin and Synergistic Investigation of Its Derivatives with Piperine
Authors: Yetim Sami Koray , Özşen Batur Özge
Published: January 2024

Curcumin is associated with a wide range of pharmacological properties for the prevention and treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases. The clinical use of curcumin is limited due to its poor bioavailability. New methods were tried to overcome its limited utility, and one of these is the synthesis of new derivatives. Additionally adjunct compounds are used to enhance the bioavailability of curcumin. In order to improve its bioavailability, different formulation techniques such as co‐administration with piperine and nanoparticles are among the aids. Within the scope of this study, it is aimed to obtain curcumin derivatives by microbial transformation and to reveal their biological activities. Initially 25 different microbial strains were used for biotransformation experiments. Among the evaluated, Alternaria alternata converted three metabolites; namely, hexahydrocurcumin, demethoxyoctahydrocurcumin, octahydrocurcumin, were obtained with yields of 6.9 %, 2.6 % and 5.9 %, respectively. The derivatives were tested against various bacteria using the broth microdilution method, however no remarkable activity was observed (MIC>250 μg/ml). Thus, combination of piperine was evaulated on the bioavailability of curcumin derivatives. As a result, it was noted that the activities of metabolites, individually with piperine, were higher compared to the synergistic effect demonstrated by curcumin‐piperine against bacteria for the first time.
Extraction of Lithium and Synthesis of Kaolinite from α‐Spodumene via Alkali Calcination
Authors: Xiong Lu , Hu Haisheng , Liu Meitang , Zhuang Lun , Li Yunfei
Published: January 2024

Extracting lithium from spodumene by sulfuric acid roasting is the largest commercialized way at present, which not only consumes a large amount of energy but also produces massive waste residue that will cause environmental problems. In this work, a new process for extracting lithium by directly decomposing α‐spodumene through alkali calcination is designed. The reaction of α‐spodumene with Na2CO3 at 750 °C for 2 h can decompose it and form nepheline and lithium silicate/sodium silicate. The nepheline and soluble lithium silicate/sodium silicate are separated by water leaching, and 93.9 % of lithium can be leached under optimal conditions. In addition, the synthesis of nano‐kaolinite is investigated with nitric acid solutions. Conversions of 98.7 % were obtained with 0.4 M nitric acid at 250 °C and an L/S ratio of 17.5 L/kg. The water leachate can precipitate Li2CO3 with a purity of 99.0 % by CO2 after desilicated by CaO. The final yields of Li2CO3 and kaolinite relative to the Li and Si content of the starting minerals are 91.4 % and 48.5 %, respectively. This new method achieves the full utilization of spodumene with lower energy consumption and demonstrates great potential for industrial applications.
Study on Synthesis and Application of New Benzophenyl Derivatives
Authors: Wang Qinlin , Yan Liru , Song Lu , Feng Chao , Tian Wenjuan , Zhang Bianxiang
Published: January 2024

In this work, two new functionalized monosubstituted and disubstituted benzophenone derivatives have been synthesized through a one‐step nucleophilic substitution treatment using dihydroxybenzophenone and arylsulfonyl chloride as raw materials. All the compounds were characterization by NMR and MS spectroscopy technology and the resulting products exhibited efficient UV light absorption in the range of 220–350 nm. The monosubstituted products can effectively improve the photostability of light‐curable coatings and extend the storage time of coatings, the disubstituted one as photoinitiators possess fantastic photoinitiation effect, and the cured coating is smooth and transparent with good adhesion. The introduction of benzenesulfonyl groups on the skeleton of dihydroxybenzophenone(UV‐0) can enhance the compatibility of the compounds with monomers and active diluents, and also improve the defects of yellowing and small molecule migration of cured products. Among them, the monosubstituted products as UV absorber can effectively improve the photostability of the photocurable coating and extend the storage time of coating. As a photoinitiator, the disubstituted products have good photoinitiation effect, and the cured coating are smooth and transparent, and good adhesion.
Evaluating the online Resilience Skills Enhancement programme among undergraduate students: A double‐blind parallel randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ang Wei How Darryl , Shorey Shefaly , Zheng Zhongjia James , Ng Wai Hung Daniel , Chen Emmanuel Chih‐Wei , Shah Lubna , Chew Han Shi Jocelyn , Lau Ying
Published: January 2024

Resilience training has beneficial effects on the ability of undergraduate students to withstand adversity and stress. However, there are inconsistencies in the content and delivery approaches for resilience training. Given the increasing shifts towards computer‐assisted instruction, there is a need to develop and evaluate innovative approaches for resilience training. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of two versions of the Resilience Skills Enhancement (RISE) programme. A randomized controlled trial was used to evaluate the effects of blended learning (BL) and a self‐guided RISE programme on the resilience, social support, and learning outcomes of undergraduate students. One hundred and fourteen students were recruited and randomly allocated to receive either BL or the self‐guided RISE programme. The within‐group analyses indicated significant improvements in resilience scores for the BL (F = 37.74, p < 0.001) and self‐guided groups (F = 10.16, p < 0.001) with moderate (d = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.25, 1.00) to large effect sizes (d = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.71, 1.50) respectively. There were also significant differences across the three time points for social support scores for the BL (F = 4.50, p < 0.05) and self‐guided groups (F = 4.59, p < 0.05). Students in the BL group had considerable improvements in self‐efficacy of learning and performance (F = 5.42, p < 0.01) and meta‐cognitive self‐regulation scores (F = 5.91, p < 0.01). In the between‐group analyses, both BL and self‐guided RISE were comparable for resilience, social support, and learning scores (p > 0.05). The study provided preliminary evidence that both modes, BL and self‐guided RISE programme lead to positive effects on the resilience, social support, and learning scores of students.
Rich‐Carbonyl Carbon Catalysis Facilitating the Li2CO3 Decomposition for Cathode Lithium Compensation Agent
Authors: Wu Yingjie , Ju Jie , Shen Bolei , Wei Jie , Jiang Hao , Li Chunzhong , Hu Yanjie
Published: January 2024

The active lithium loss of lithium‐ion batteries can be well addressed by adding a cathode lithium compensation agent. Due to the poor conductivity and electrochemical activity, lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) is not considered as a candidate. Herein, an effective cathode lithium compensation agent, the recrystallized Li2CO3 combined with large specific surface area disordered porous carbon (R‐LCO@SPC) is prepared. The screened SPC makes it easier for nano‐sized Li2CO3 to adsorb and decompose on carbon substrate, meantime, exposing plenty of catalytic active sites of C═O, which can significantly improve the electrochemical activity and conductivity of Li2CO3, thus greatly reducing the decomposition potential of Li2CO3 (4.0 V) and releasing high irreversible capacity (580 mAh g−1) compared to the unmodified Li2CO3 (nearly no capacity above 4.6 V). Meantime, the Li2CO3 can disappear completely without any by‐product after the initial cycle accompanied by partially dissolved in electrolyte, optimizing the composition of SEI. The resultant lithium compensation agent applied to LMFP//graphite full cell exhibits a 19.1% increase in energy density, enhancing the rate and cycling performance, demonstrating great practical applications potential in high energy density lithium‐ion batteries.
Benzothiazole‐endoperoxide conjugates protect PC12 cells against β‐amyloid‐induced cell death via singlet oxygen mediated oxidative detoxification of fibrils
Authors: Wu Hao , Wang Lei , Qian Xiao , Wang Wanwan , Si Yu , Sun Rensong , Akkaya Engin U.
Published: January 2024

Metastable endoperoxides with beta‐amyloid fibrils targeting benzothiazole moieties were designed and synthesized. Singlet oxygen released from these endoperoxides by thermal cycloreversion reaction was shown to cause significant structural changes on the amyloid assemblies. Most importantly, the cytotoxicity of the beta‐amyloid fibrils on the PC12 cells were significantly reduced in the presence of endoperoxides. This observation, coupled with the fact that neither external oxygen, nor light is needed for this transformation, is very promising.
Validated high‐performance thin‐layer chromatographic densitometric method for quantification of gallic acid, quercetin, and ursolic acid in the combined formulation of Emblica officinalis, Punica granatum Linn, and Ocimum sanctum Linn extracts
Authors: Patel Kalpana , Vasima Gandhi , Shah Purvi , Thakkar Vaishali
Published: January 2024

A quantitative high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography method has been developed for the estimation of three markers gallic acid, quercetin, and ursolic acid in the extracts and combined formulation of Emblica officinalis, Punica granatum Linn, and Ocimum sanctum Linn extracts. Chromatographic development was performed using precoated silica gel 60 F254 TLC plate and final optimized mobile phase as toluene:ethyl acetate:formic acid (4.5:3:0.2 v/v/v), resulting in optimum resolution with Rf of 0.29, 0.51, and 0.78 for gallic acid, quercetin, and ursolic acid, respectively. Gallic acid and quercetin were detected at 258 nm and ursolic acid at 529 nm after derivatization. All markers showed a good correlation coefficient of 0.9950 for gallic acid, 0.9953 for quercetin, and 0.9945 for ursolic acid. The accuracy and precision measured were less than 2% relative standard deviation for all markers. The mean percent recovery found for gallic acid, quercetin, and ursolic acid were within acceptable limits in formulation indicating that the excipients present have no interference. The proposed method was found to be specific, accurate, linear, precise, and robust, and can be applicable for the simultaneous estimation of gallic acid, quercetin, and ursolic acid for the analysis of individual plant extracts and herbal formulation.
Eco friendly, green route method for the preparation of poly ethylene glycol (PEG) mediated surface modified iron oxide nanoparticles (PEG‐IONps) with potential biological activities
Authors: Namasivayam S. Karthick Raja
Published: January 2024

Among the various nanoparticles, excessively paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles assume an outstanding job in biomedicine, mostly as Nano clinical imaging and treatment. These nanoparticles’ effective working relies on superficial alteration utilizing different specialists. Among them, polyethylene glycol (PEG)—biocompatible polymer is primarily used attributable to its unmistakable qualities. In this examination, the impact of PEG covering on the counter bacterial and against proliferative properties of iron oxide nanoparticles has been considered. PEG‐covered nanoparticles were incorporated by co‐precipitation technique portrayed by UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier change infrared spectroscopy, electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and vibrating test magnetometer thinks about which uncovers exceptionally stable crystalline, circular, nanoparticles with high polarization impact. Hostile to the bacterial movement was examined against Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa uncovers PEGlated IONps displayed upgraded action against both tried endure lower fixations. A higher zone of restraint was construed from PEGlated IONps treatment. Hostile to proliferative activity was contemplated against the PC3 cell line (Prostate cancer). PEGlated IONps prompted the most extreme decrease in cell suitability and changed the cell design by chronicle fracture and build‐up of atomic material. PEGlated IONps treatment uncovered a high rate of receptive oxygen species (ROS), which brought about apoptosis or necrotic cell demise. The present discoveries suggest that PEGlated IONps synthesized in this examination could be utilized as potential bioactive operators against medication‐safe pathogenic bacterial strains and malignant growth cells.
Bullies, bluetongue and bills: 2023 in review
Authors: Clark Kathryn
Published: January 2024

2023 was a particularly busy year for the veterinary sector, with major changes to RCVS guidance, the re‐emergence of a notifiable disease last seen in 2007 and a competitions and markets review. Add to that a new breed banned under the Dangerous Dogs Act, and it's clear the year was anything but quiet. Kathryn Clark reports.
Hyperprogesteronism associated with adrenocortical tumours in two dogs
Authors: Farges Anais , Crawford Dave , da Silva Carlos Adrega , Ramsey Ian
Published: January 2024

A 9‐year‐old, entire, female, soft‐coated Wheaten terrier and a 7‐year‐old, male, neutered greyhound were presented for clinical signs suggestive of hyperadrenocorticism (polyuria, polydipsia, and in the first case, polyphagia and weight gain). Adrenocorticotrophic hormone stimulation test and low‐dose dexamethasone suppression test ruled out excessive production of cortisol. Imaging (abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography) revealed an adrenal mass in both cases. Further hormonal testing revealed hyperprogesteronism. In the first case, surgical treatment was not considered due to vascular invasion of the mass, the patient was treated successfully with trilostane and was still stable 18 months later. In the second case, adrenalectomy was performed, and the clinical signs resolved, the dog was stable 10 months later. We report two clinical cases of progesterone‐secreting adrenocortical tumours and their management.
The Application of Paleoenvironmental Research in Supporting Land Management Approaches and Conservation in South Africa
Authors: Kirsten K. L. , Forbes C. J. , Finch J. M. , Gillson L.
Published: January 2024

Research into past environments and climates of South Africa has significantly grown in recent decades, owing to its rich archeological heritage and high biodiversity. The paleoscience community has worked toward an improved understanding of long-term climate and environmental dynamics, yet the application and dissemination of such information into the realm of conservation and land-use management have remained limited. In this chapter, we briefly explore the current state of paleoenvironmental research in South Africa, recent methodological advancements and potential applications of paleoresearch for natural resource management and conservation. We advocate for a more integrated research approach, bringing together the fields of ecology, ecosystem restoration, conservation biology and paleoecology, as an avenue toward tackling uncertainties in conservation and land-use management practices. We use a case study from the Kruger National Park, to demonstrate the benefits of incorporating a long-term perspective in understanding the natural variability and thresholds of an ecological system, and thereby inform more sound natural resource management strategies and conservation planning.
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functions in Southern African Savanna Rangelands: Threats, Impacts and Solutions
Authors: Geißler Katja , Blaum Niels , von Maltitz Graham P. , Smith Taylor , Bookhagen Bodo , Wanke Heike , Hipondoka Martin , Hamunyelae Eliakim , Lohmann Dirk , Lüdtke Deike U. , Mbidzo Meed , Rauchecker Markus , Hering Robert , Irob Katja , Tietjen Britta , Marquart Arnim , Skhosana Felix V. , Herkenrath Tim , Uugulu Shoopala
Published: January 2024

Savanna rangelands provide diverse communities across southern Africa with livestock and wildlife-based livelihoods, as well as extensive ecosystem services. Historical usage patterns, however, are increasingly challenged by widespread degradation. While regional- and local-scale policy initiatives have attempted to minimize damage and increase the sustainability of savanna rangelands, poverty, land tenure and shifting climate conditions all exacerbate ongoing degradation. Here, we detail the environmental and political setting of southern African savanna rangelands, causes and implications of rangeland degradation, and discuss possible strategies toward improved regional ecosystem management. We present recent knowledge on how degradation by bush encroachment influences biodiversity and biodiversity-mediated ecosystem functioning of semiarid savanna rangelands with the aim of improving rangeland management strategies. Improved rangeland management requires a broad approach which integrates both socioeconomic and ecological frameworks, built upon improved understanding of the strong couplings between flora, fauna, water and land-management strategies.
Trends and Barriers to Wildlife-Based Options for Sustainable Management of Savanna Resources: The Namibian Case
Authors: Hauptfleisch Morgan , Blaum Niels , Liehr Stefan , Hering Robert , Kraus Ronja , Tausendfruend Manyana , Cimenti Alicia , Lüdtke Deike , Rauchecker Markus , Uiseb Kenneth
Published: January 2024

Use of wildlife as an alternative or complimentary rural livelihood option to traditional farming has become popular throughout southern Africa. In Namibia, it is considered a climate change adaptation measure since livestock productivity has declined across much of the country in the past few decades. In contrast with neighboring South Africa, Namibian landowners and custodian often avail large open areas to this purpose, such as in the communal conservancies where fences are prohibited. The SPACES II ORYCS project considered wildlife management in a multiple land-use and tenure study area in Namibia’s arid Kunene region. The aim was to investigate positive and negative impacts of the inclusion of wildlife on livelihoods and ecosystem services. Movement is recognized as an important survival strategy for wildlife in arid landscapes such as Namibia’s north-west, and this study found that movement barriers within and between the land uses could present a challenge to wildlife survival and productivity. Notwithstanding, wildlife persisted in crossing many of these barriers, including the national veterinary cordon fence to satisfy their requirements. This often led to human–wildlife conflict, especially with elephants and predators. Interviews found that despite this conflict, an understanding of the need for wildlife and general biodiversity provided complimentary livelihood opportunities and improved land productivity.
Dynamics and Drivers of Net Primary Production (NPP) in Southern Africa Based on Estimates from Earth Observation and Process-Based Dynamic Vegetation Modelling
Authors: Thavhana Mulalo P. , Hickler Thomas , Urban Marcel , Heckel Kai , Forrest Matthew
Published: January 2024

Terrestrial net primary production (NPP) is a fundamental Earth system variable that also underpins resource supply for all animals and fungi on Earth. We analysed recent past NPP dynamics and its drivers across southern Africa. Results from the Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (DGVM) LPJ-GUESS correspond well with estimates from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite sensor as they show similar spatial patterns, temporal trends, and inter-annual variability (IAV). This lends confidence to using LPJ-GUESS for future climate impact research in the region. Temporal trends for both datasets between 2002 and 2015 are weak and much smaller than inter-annual variability both for the region as a whole and for individual biomes. An increasing NPP trend due to CO2 fertilisation is seen over the twentieth century in the LPJ-GUESS simulations, confirming atmospheric CO2 as a long-term driver of NPP. Precipitation was identified as the key driver of spatial patterns and inter-annual variability. Understanding and disentangling the effects of these changing drivers on ecosystems in the coming decades will present challenges pertinent to both climate change mitigation and adaptation. Earth observation and process-based models such as DGVMs have an important role to play in meeting these challenges.
Catchment and Depositional Studies for the Reconstruction of Past Environmental Change in Southern Africa
Authors: Hahn Annette , Schefuß Enno , Burdanowitz Nicole , Cawthra Hayley C. , Finch Jemma , Frankland Tarryn , Green Andrew , Neumann Frank H. , Zabel Matthias
Published: January 2024

Terrestrial signals in marine sedimentary archives are often used for reconstructing past environments, vegetation and climate, as well as for determining sediment fluxes, pathways, and depositional sites and changes in erosional runoff. It is therefore important to understand the origin, transport, and depositional processes of the various terrestrial sedimentary components in a depositional system. In this chapter, we use examples from southern Africa to show how source-to-sink studies have led to a clearer interpretation of downcore proxy records. Twelve rivers in four river catchment areas of various scales and in distinct climatic settings and geological formations are included in this compilation. We also discuss studies from the current-swept South African east coast, the broad western and southern margins, and investigations from protected marine embayment settings. We consider a large suite of commonly used proxies (plant wax isotopes, elemental composition, and fossil pollen) as well as hydroacoustic surveying techniques (PARASOUND and multibeam bathymetric profiling). Sampling strategies and sample types that may be used in catchment analyses are discussed. Challenges and limitations of the above-mentioned approaches are outlined. In conclusion, we underline the importance of a thorough source-to-sink approach to paleo-environmental reconstructions using terrigenous proxies.
Environmental Challenges to Meeting Sustainable Development Goals in Southern Africa
Authors: Mutanga Shingirirai S. , Skhosana Felix , Mateyisi Mohau , Thenga Humbelani , Naidoo Sasha , Lumsden Trevor , Ramoelo Abel , Nangombe Shingirai S.
Published: January 2024

There is an inextricable link between ecosystem integrity and the potential for achieving sustainable development goals (SDG). This chapter highlights key ecosystem threats and their drivers within the southern African regional context to emphasize the role of earth system science in supporting the achievement of regional sustainable development goals. It describes how some major anthropogenic threats have unfolded in terrestrial, aquatic and marine ecosystems of the region. Earth system science is increasingly contributing to understanding how globally driven climate and environmental changes threaten these ecosystems, and in turn how these impact people’s livelihoods. Long-term changes in rainfall variability, concomitant disruption of hydrological balances, impacts on ocean chemistry, together with more immediate impacts on the frequency and magnitude of extreme climate events are some of the critical global change drivers. While terrestrial ecosystems are already faced with encroachment by novel species, characterized by the proliferation of both invasive alien and endemic woody species, freshwater and marine ecosystems appear more immediately threatened by more local impacts, such as the accumulation of contaminants. Overall, predicted climate and environmental changes are projected to hamper development trajectories and poverty reduction efforts, and possibly exacerbate adverse impacts on human livelihoods.
Overview of the Macroeconomic Drivers of the Region
Authors: Kirsten Johann F. , Dalheimer Bernhard , Brümmer Bernhard
Published: January 2024

The ecosystems in Southern Africa are impacted by economic activity and population growth and pressure. There are several macro-economic drivers shaping these economic and population pressures and it is for this reason that this chapter unpacks the macro-economic drivers in the region. With the economy of South Africa dominating the regional economy (90% of Gross value added) it makes sense to discuss to the macroeconomic situation in Southern Africa by referring to policy and macro indicators in South Africa as a proxy of the regional situation. We also focus on the Limpopo province which shares boundaries and an ecosystem with three other countries in Southern Africa. Starting from the general macropolicy situation, major macro indicators for the region, the country and Limpopo are presented, jointly with the specific challenges, regulatory frameworks and policies that govern the development processes in the region. We focus on environmental, agricultural and trade policy measures, including their interlinkages, and illustrate that they provide a volatile and uncertain environment for structural development of the agricultural sector.