bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variant‐specific effects of GBA1 mutations on dopaminergic neuron proteostasis
Authors: Onal G. , Yalçın‐Çakmaklı G. , Özçelik C. E. , Boussaad I. , Şeker U. Ö. Ş. , Fernandes Hugo J. R. , Demir H. , Krüger R. , Elibol B. , Dökmeci S. , Salman M. M.
Published: April 2024

Glucocerebrosidase 1 (GBA1) mutations are the most important genetic risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD). Clinically, mild (e.g., p.N370S) and severe (e.g., p.L444P and p.D409H) GBA1 mutations have different PD phenotypes, with differences in age at disease onset, progression, and the severity of motor and non‐motor symptoms. We hypothesize that GBA1 mutations cause the accumulation of α‐synuclein by affecting the cross‐talk between cellular protein degradation mechanisms, leading to neurodegeneration. Accordingly, we tested whether mild and severe GBA1 mutations differentially affect the degradation of α‐synuclein via the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS), chaperone‐mediated autophagy (CMA), and macroautophagy and differentially cause accumulation and/or release of α‐synuclein. Our results demonstrate that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and total ubiquitination rates were significantly increased in cells with severe GBA1 mutations. CMA was found to be defective in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived dopaminergic neurons with mild GBA1 mutations, but not in those with severe GBA1 mutations. When examining macroautophagy, we observed reduced formation of autophagosomes in cells with the N370S and D409H GBA1 mutations and impairments in autophagosome–lysosome fusion in cells with the L444P GBA1 mutation. Accordingly, severe GBA1 mutations were found to trigger the accumulation and release of oligomeric α‐synuclein in iPSC‐derived dopaminergic neurons, primarily as a result of increased ER stress and defective macroautophagy, while mild GBA1 mutations affected CMA, which is mainly responsible for the degradation of the monomeric form of α‐synuclein. Overall, our findings provide new insight into the molecular basis of the clinical variability in PD associated with different GBA1 mutations.

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Relationship between texture perception and oral function: A preliminary study in young, healthy adults
Authors: Ito Yuki , Tanaka Yasue , Daidoji Akinari , Al Khalili Hala , Hattori Yoshinori
Published: April 2024

Background

Oral frailty, characterised by reduced oral function, is associated with systemic health issues in older adults. Although the criteria for diminished oral function often focus on motor and secretory abilities, texture perception also plays a crucial role in health due to its impact on food intake and palatability.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the relationship between thickness discrimination ability (TDA) and oral motor and secretory functions in healthy young individuals.

Methods

Twenty‐eight adults were assessed for texture perception using eight concentrations of aqueous xanthan gum solutions to determine TDA scores. Measurements of occlusal force, masticatory performance, tongue pressure, stimulated salivary flow rate and tongue–lip motor function were conducted. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between TDA scores and oral functions. Participants were divided into high‐sensitivity and low‐sensitivity groups based on their TDA scores to compare oral function test results.

Results

The TDA scores varied among the participants, with higher scores correlating with higher masticatory performance (r = 0.41, p < .05). Masticatory performance in the high‐sensitivity group was significantly higher than in the low‐sensitivity group (211.9 ± 59.2 mg/dL vs. 157.9 ± 43.0 mg/dL, p = .013), with no significant differences in other oral functions.

Conclusion

Masticatory performance was correlated with TDA, suggesting a link between the selection function of mastication and thickness discrimination. These findings highlight the potential relevance of texture perception in oral function and indicate the need for further exploration, particularly in older adults with declining oral health.
Science and the Pulpit: Clerical Perspectives on Science and Religion in the United States
Authors: Noy Shiri , O'Brien Timothy L.
Published: April 2024

Although public perceptions of science and religion are the focus of a large body of scholarship, we know much less about religious leaders’ views of science and its relationship to religion. Using data from a national survey of religious leaders in the United States, our latent class analysis finds three underlying groups of clergy based on their engagement with science and their beliefs about its interface with religion. Those with a modern clerical perspective on science and religion (40 percent) accommodate mainstream scientific theories alongside their religious beliefs and they discuss science frequently with congregants. Those with a traditional clerical perspective (29 percent) are dismissive of mainstream scientific theories although they rarely discuss science with congregants. Those with a critical clerical perspective (31 percent) are also skeptical of science, yet these clergy frequently discuss science with their congregants. We also find that these latent classes cut across religious traditions and political ideologies and are associated with clergy's social views and political participation. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings in light of religious leaders’ roles in their congregations and communities.
A typology of denominal verb formation strategies
Authors: Mattiola Simone , Sansò Andrea
Published: April 2024

This article aims to fill a gap in the typological literature by discussing the typology of overt denominal verb formation strategies, that is, morphosyntactic strategies other than conversion/zero‐derivation that are used to derive a verb from a nominal base. We analyse the morphological, syntactic and semantic properties of these strategies in a variety sample of 222 languages. These properties include the morphological status, the productivity, and the semantic effects of the overt verbaliser, as well as the features of the nominal base and the polysemy patterns that characterise verbalisers across languages. The typological survey is complemented by a section on the diachronic typology of overt denominal verb formation strategies, in which we identify the most common diachronic sources of overt verbalisers and discuss the diachronic dynamics that involve them in relation to other denominal verb formation strategies such as conversion/zero‐derivation.
Transformer‐based framework for accurate segmentation of high‐resolution images in structural health monitoring
Authors: Azimi M. , Yang T. Y.
Published: April 2024

High‐resolution image segmentation is essential in structural health monitoring (SHM), enabling accurate detection and quantification of structural components and damages. However, conventional convolutional neural network‐based segmentation methods face limitations in real‐world deployment, particularly when handling high‐resolution images producing low‐resolution outputs. This study introduces a novel framework named Refined‐Segment Anything Model (R‐SAM) to overcome such challenges. R‐SAM leverages the state‐of‐the‐art zero‐shot SAM to generate unlabeled segmentation masks, subsequently employing the DEtection Transformer model to label the instances. The key feature and contribution of the R‐SAM is its refinement module, which improves the accuracy of masks generated by SAM without the need for extensive data annotations and fine‐tuning. The effectiveness of the proposed framework was assessed through qualitative and quantitative analyses across diverse case studies, including multiclass segmentation, simultaneous segmentation and tracking, and 3D reconstruction. The results demonstrate that R‐SAM outperforms state‐of‐the‐art convolution neural network‐based segmentation models with a mean intersection‐over‐union of 97% and a mean boundary accuracy of 87%. In addition, achieving high coefficients of determination in target‐free tracking case studies highlights its versatility in addressing various challenges in SHM.
Carbon budget at the individual‐tree scale: dominant Eucalyptus trees partition less carbon belowground
Authors: Fernandez‐Tschieder Ezequiel , Marshall John D. , Binkley Dan
Published: April 2024

Large trees in plantations generally produce more wood per unit of resource use than small trees. Two processes may account for this pattern: greater photosynthetic resource use efficiency or greater partitioning of carbon to wood production.

We estimated gross primary production (GPP) at the individual scale by combining transpiration with photosynthetic water‐use efficiency of Eucalyptus trees. Aboveground production fluxes were estimated using allometric equations and modeled respiration; total belowground carbon fluxes (TBCF) were estimated by subtracting aboveground fluxes from GPP. Partitioning was estimated by dividing component fluxes by GPP.

Dominant trees produced almost three times as much wood as suppressed trees. They used 25 ± 10% (mean ± SD) of their photosynthates for wood production, whereas suppressed trees only used 12 ± 2%. By contrast, dominant trees used 27 ± 19% of their photosynthate belowground, whereas suppressed trees used 58 ± 5%. Intermediate trees lay between these extremes. Photosynthetic water‐use efficiency of dominant trees was c. 13% greater than the efficiency of suppressed trees.

Suppressed trees used more than twice as much of their photosynthate belowground and less than half as much aboveground compared with dominant trees. Differences in carbon partitioning were much greater than differences in GPP or photosynthetic water‐use efficiency.
Negative allometry of leaf xylem conduit diameter and double‐wall thickness: implications for implosion safety
Authors: Matos Ilaine Silveira , McDonough Samantha , Johnson Breanna Carrillo , Kalantar Diana , Rohde James , Sahu Roshni , Wang Joyce , Fontao Adrian , To Jason , Carlos Sonoma , Garcia Lisa , Boakye Mickey , Forbes Holly , Blonder Benjamin Wong
Published: April 2024

Xylem conduits have lignified walls to resist crushing pressures. The thicker the double‐wall (T) relative to its diameter (D), the greater the implosion safety. Having safer conduits may incur higher costs and reduced flow, while having less resistant xylem may lead to catastrophic collapse under drought. Although recent studies have shown that conduit implosion commonly occurs in leaves, little is known about how leaf xylem scales T vs D to trade off safety, flow efficiency, mechanical support, and cost.

We measured T and D in > 7000 conduits of 122 species to investigate how T vs D scaling varies across clades, habitats, growth forms, leaf, and vein sizes.

As conduits become wider, their double‐cell walls become proportionally thinner, resulting in a negative allometry between T and D. That is, narrower conduits, which are usually subjected to more negative pressures, are proportionally safer than wider ones. Higher implosion safety (i.e. higher T/D ratios) was found in asterids, arid habitats, shrubs, small leaves, and minor veins.

Despite the strong allometry, implosion safety does not clearly trade off with other measured leaf functions, suggesting that implosion safety at whole‐leaf level cannot be easily predicted solely by individual conduits' anatomy.
Out with the old: Single center experience with transvenous extraction of leads older than 15 years
Authors: Phan Francis , Sanghai Saket , Sandhu Uday , Verdick Chris , Krebsbach Angela , Bhamidipati Castigliano M. , Tibayan Frederick A. , Jessel Peter , Henrikson Charles A.
Published: April 2024

Background

Lead dwell time is the single strongest predictor of failure and complications in transvenous lead extraction.

Objectives

To report the success rate and complications of transvenous lead extractions with implant dwell time of at least 15 years.

Methods

Procedural and patient data were prospectively collected into a database. The excimer laser was the primary method for lead extraction with the use of mechanical rotational sheaths and femoral snares at operator discretion.

Results

A total of 442 patients between 2011 and 2020 underwent lead extraction (705 leads) primarily for infection or device failure at our high‐volume center. Forty‐one patients with 71 leads > 15 years old were included in this cohort. Mean patient age was 53.5 ± 18.5 years, 67.5% were male. Mean lead dwell time was 19.6 ± 4.4 years. Thirty‐six of 41 (88%) patients had successful extraction of all leads compared to 96% in the remaining 401 patients, p value.004. Of the five patients without fully successful extractions two of these patients had abandoned leads (three total) that were clinically significant. There were two (4.9%) major complications in the very old lead group and six (1.5%) in the other group. In the very old lead group, one patient experienced right atrial appendage perforation requiring surgical repair and recovered well. One patient experienced new complete heart block requiring 2 min of CPR but did well thereafter. There was no procedure‐related mortality.

Conclusions

Despite challenges posed by older leads, very old leads can be safely and effectively extracted with low complication rates.
The role of acquired host immunity in periodontal diseases
Authors: Kinane Denis F. , Lappin David F. , Culshaw Shauna
Published: April 2024

The aim of this narrative review is to relate the contribution of European researchers to the complex topic of the host immune system in periodontal disease, focusing on acquired immunity. Other chapters in this volume will address the genetics and autoantibody responses and other forms of immunity to periodontal disease. While the contribution of European authors is the focus, global literature is included in this descriptive narrative for contextual clarity, albeit many with European co‐authors. The topic is relatively intense and is thus broken down into sections outlined below, tackled as descriptive narratives to enhance understanding. Any attempt at a systematic or scoping review was quickly abandoned given the descriptive nature and marked variation of approach in almost all publications. Even the most uniform area of this acquired periodontal immunology literature, antibody responses to putative pathogens in periodontal diseases, falls short of common structures and common primary outcome variables one would need and expect in clinical studies, where randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) abound. Addressing ‘the host's role’ in immunity immediately requires a discussion of host susceptibility, which necessitates consideration of genetic studies (covered elsewhere in the volume and superficially covered here).
The role and impact of viruses on cancer development
Authors: Contreras Adolfo , Sánchez Sandra Amaya , Rodríguez‐Medina Carolina , Botero Javier Enrique
Published: April 2024

This review focuses on three major aspects of oncoviruses' role in cancer development. To begin, we discuss their geographic distribution, revealing that seven oncoviruses cause 20% of all human cancers worldwide. Second, we investigate the primary carcinogenic mechanisms, looking at how these oncogenic viruses can induce cellular transformation, angiogenesis, and local and systemic inflammation. Finally, we investigate the possibility of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection reactivating latent oncoviruses, which could increase the risk of further disease. The development of oncovirus vaccines holds great promise for reducing cancer burden. Many unanswered questions about the host and environmental cofactors that contribute to cancer development and prevention remain, which ongoing research is attempting to address.
Staying on the democratic script? A deep learning analysis of the speechmaking of U.S. presidents
Authors: Cavari Amnon , Mate Akos , Sebők Miklós
Published: April 2024

Dynamic agenda representation assumes a linkage between the policy emphases prescribed by various democratic inputs (electoral promises and public opinion polls) and policy agendas ranging from the media to executive orders. An extrapolation of this idea would propose that, in the U.S. context, policy emphasis in major programmatic messages such as State of the Union addresses would be followed by the president's day‐to‐day communication. We investigate this congruence with a new database of presidential speeches that, for the first time, offers a deep learning‐enhanced sentence‐level policy topic coding of various forms of the speeches U.S. presidents made from Truman to Trump (for a total count of 16,523 speeches divided into nearly 2 million individual sentences). Using this database, we demonstrate that presidents' occasional, day‐to‐day remarks strongly correlate with the annual policy messages—in this sense, presidents are staying on the democratic script.
The extrastriate symmetry response is robust to alcohol intoxication
Authors: Karakashevska Elena , Derpsch Yiovanna , Jones Andrew , Makin Alexis D. J.
Published: April 2024

Visual symmetry activates a network of regions in the extrastriate cortex and generates an event‐related potential (ERP) called the sustained posterior negativity (SPN). Previous work has found that the SPN is robust to experimental manipulations of task, spatial attention, and memory load. In the current study, we investigated whether the SPN is also robust to alcohol‐induced changes in mental state. A pilot experiment (N = 13) found that alcohol unexpectedly increased SPN amplitude. We followed this unexpected result with two new experiments on separate groups, using an alcohol challenge paradigm. One group completed an Oddball discrimination task (N = 26). Another group completed a Regularity discrimination task (N = 26). In both groups, participants consumed a medium dose of alcohol (0.65 g/kg body weight) and a placebo drink, in separate sessions. Alcohol reduced SPN amplitude in the Oddball task (contrary to the pilot results) but had no effect on SPN amplitude in the Regularity task. In contrast, the N1 wave was consistently dampened by alcohol in all experiments. Exploratory analysis indicated that the inconsistent effect of alcohol on SPN amplitude may be partly explained by individual differences in alcohol use. Alcohol reduced the SPN in light drinkers and increased it in heavier drinkers. Despite remaining questions, the results highlight the automaticity of symmetry processing. Symmetry still produces a large SPN response, even when participants are intoxicated, and even when symmetry is not task relevant.
Should HLA and HPA‐matched platelet transfusions for patients with Glanzmann Thrombasthenia or Bernard‐Soulier syndrome be standardized care? A Dutch survey and recommendations
Authors: Huisman Elise J. , Holle Nory , Schipperus Martin , Cnossen Marjon H. , de Haas Masja , Porcelijn Leendert , Zwaginga Jaap‐Jan
Published: April 2024

Background

Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) and Bernard‐Soulier syndrome (BSS) patients require frequent platelet transfusions and hence have an increased risk for alloimmunization against donor Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) when no HLA‐matching is performed. Knowing that Human Platelet Antigens (HPA) are located on the platelet glycoproteins that can be absent in these patients, preventive HPA‐matching may also be considered. Uniform recommendations on this topic lack in transfusion guidelines making standard practice unclear, therefore, we aimed to provide a framework for matched platelet transfusions.

Study Design and Methods

We conducted a targeted literature search and a national survey of Dutch (pediatric) hematologists from July to September 2021.

Results

We found 20 articles describing platelet transfusion policies in 483 GT‐patients and 29 BSS‐patients, both adults and children. Twenty surveys were returned for full analysis. All responders treated patients with platelet disorders, including GT (n = 36 reported) and BSS (n = 29 reported). Of respondents, 75% estimated the risk of antibody formation as “likely” for HLA and 65% for HPA. Formation of HLA antibodies was reported in 5 GT and in 5 BSS‐patients, including one child. Fifteen respondents gave preventive HLA‐matched platelets in elective setting (75%). Three respondents additionally matched for HPA in GT‐patients (15%). Main argument for matched platelet transfusions was preventing alloimmunization to safeguard the effectivity of ‘random’ donor‐platelets in acute settings.

Conclusion

Elective HLA‐matching for GT and BSS‐patients is already conducted by most Dutch (pediatric) hematologists. HPA‐matching is mainly applied when HPA‐antibodies are formed. Based on the current literature and the survey, recommendations are proposed.
Spectral changes in skin blood flow during pressure manipulations or sympathetic stimulation
Authors: Lima Natalia S. , Tzen Yi‐Ting , Clifford Philip S.
Published: April 2024

Skin blood flow is commonly determined by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). It has been suggested that pathophysiological conditions can be assessed by analysis of specific frequency domains of the LDF signals. We tested whether physiological stimuli that activate myogenic and neurogenic mechanisms would affect relevant portions of the laser Doppler spectrum. LDF sensors were placed on the right forearm of 14 healthy volunteers for myogenic (six females) and 13 for neurogenic challenge (five females). Myogenic responses were tested by positioning the arm ∼50° above/below heart level. Neurogenic responses were tested by immersing the left hand into an ice slurry with and without topical application of local anaesthetic. Short‐time Fourier analyses were computed over the range of 0.06 to 0.15 Hz for myogenic and 0.02 to 0.06 Hz for neurogenic. No significant differences in spectral density were observed (P = 0.40) in the myogenic range with arm above (7 ± 54 × 10−4 dB) and below heart (7 ± 14 × 10−4 dB). Neurogenic spectral density showed no significant increase from baseline to cold pressor test (0.0017 ± 0.0013 and 0.0038 ± 0.0039 dB; P = 0.087, effect size 0.47). After application of anaesthetic, neurogenic spectral density was unchanged between the baseline and cold pressor test (0.0014 ± 0.0025 and 0.0006 ± 0.0005 dB; P = 0.173). These results suggest that changes in the myogenic and neurogenic spectral density of LDF signals did not fully reflect the skin vascular function activated by pressure manipulation and sympathetic stimulation. Therefore, LDF myogenic and neurogenic spectral density data should be interpreted with caution.
Network model of skeletal muscle cell signalling predicts differential responses to endurance and resistance exercise training
Authors: Fowler Annabelle , Knaus Katherine R. , Khuu Stephanie , Khalilimeybodi Ali , Schenk Simon , Ward Samuel R. , Fry Andrew C. , Rangamani Padmini , McCulloch Andrew D.
Published: April 2024

Exercise‐induced muscle adaptations vary based on exercise modality and intensity. We constructed a signalling network model from 87 published studies of human or rodent skeletal muscle cell responses to endurance or resistance exercise in vivo or simulated exercise in vitro. The network comprises 259 signalling interactions between 120 nodes, representing eight membrane receptors and eight canonical signalling pathways regulating 14 transcriptional regulators, 28 target genes and 12 exercise‐induced phenotypes. Using this network, we formulated a logic‐based ordinary differential equation model predicting time‐dependent molecular and phenotypic alterations following acute endurance and resistance exercises. Compared with nine independent studies, the model accurately predicted 18/21 (85%) acute responses to resistance exercise and 12/16 (75%) acute responses to endurance exercise. Detailed sensitivity analysis of differential phenotypic responses to resistance and endurance training showed that, in the model, exercise regulates cell growth and protein synthesis primarily by signalling via mechanistic target of rapamycin, which is activated by Akt and inhibited in endurance exercise by AMP‐activated protein kinase. Endurance exercise preferentially activates inflammation via reactive oxygen species and nuclear factor κB signalling. Furthermore, the expected preferential activation of mitochondrial biogenesis by endurance exercise was counterbalanced in the model by protein kinase C in response to resistance training. This model provides a new tool for investigating cross‐talk between skeletal muscle signalling pathways activated by endurance and resistance exercise, and the mechanisms of interactions such as the interference effects of endurance training on resistance exercise outcomes.
El gobierno del Frente de Todos, o el fracaso de la búsqueda del consenso imposible
Authors: Cantamutto Francisco
Published: April 2024

Este artículo analiza la llegada al gobierno de la Argentina del Frente de Todos en 2019, como parte de un segundo ciclo de gobiernos progresistas o populares en la región. Tras la experiencia neodesarrollista del kirchnerismo, el país experimentó un gobierno con políticas neoliberales (con la coalición Cambiemos) que lo sumió en una crisis severa, a la cual se sumó la generada por la pandemia. El gobierno del Frente de Todos prometió generar un proceso de crecimiento con redistribución, pero no pudo realizarlo. Este artículo, basado en una mirada de economía política, argumenta a que la razón de fondo está en el énfasis consensual del gobierno, que buscó eludir intenciones refundacionales propias de una parte de la coalición, a saber, el propio kirchnerismo. La intención de acordar incluso con los ganadores del período previo limitó las posibilidades de actuar en pos de un proceso redistributivo o de cambio estructural, limitando así los márgenes de acción. Ante la falta de resultados económicos, pero también en los sesgos de la gestión de la pandemia, creció en la oposición una crítica de derecha radical, que modificó el escenario político.
La lucha de clases en el Perú: El surgimiento y la caída de un presidente de izquierda, 2021-2023
Authors: Lust Jan
Published: April 2024

La elección de Pedro Castillo como primer presidente peruano de izquierda en 2021, candidato del partido político de orientación marxista Perú Libre, fue una sorpresa para la sociedad en general y para la derecha política en particular. El 7 de diciembre de 2022, Castillo puso fin a su presidencia. En este artículo pretendemos arrojar luz sobre las razones del ascenso de Castillo al poder político, su caída y el surgimiento de un nuevo movimiento social contra el régimen autoritario de Dina Boluarte. Concluimos que Castillo nunca ha sido una amenaza para los intereses económicos del capital. Su presidencia no contó con las bases políticas y sociales para iniciar procesos hacia una transformación política, económica, social y cultural estructural y radical. Además, su presidencia no tenía la capacidad para desarrollar e implementar propuestas que perjudicarían los intereses del capital. Sostenemos que Castillo fue política, económica y socialmente autocastrado. Al poner fin a su presidencia, Castillo tomó la iniciativa en la lucha de clases que desembocó en el régimen autoritario de Boluarte y el surgimiento de un nuevo movimiento social con base en las regiones y con posibilidades de volverse hegemónico.
Spin Pumping from Lu3Fe5O12
Authors: Volkov D. A. , Gabrielyan D. A. , Matveev A. A. , Safin A. R. , Kalyabin D. V. , Khafizov A. A. , Markelova M. N. , Kaul’ A. R. , Nikitov S. A.
Published: April 2024

Microwave spin pumping from ferromagnetic lutetium iron garnet (Lu3Fe5O12) has been theoretically and experimentally investigated. The magnetization vector precession excited by a microwave magnetic field is transformed into a dc voltage due to the inverse spin Hall effect in the lutetium iron garnet/heavy metal heterostructure (Lu3Fe5O12/Pt). In the experiments carried out, the external magnetic field has been varied from 0 to 6 kOe, thus making it possible to tune the resonant frequency in wide ranges. The experimental sensitivity of this heterostructure is 8.2 µV/W. A change in the dc voltage sign with a change in the magnetic field direction confirms the generation of spin current in the Lu3Fe5O12/Pt heterostructure. The results obtained make a significant contribution to insight into spin pumping physics and may be useful for the development of new highly sensitive tunable spintronic devices.
A Study of the Effect of Magnetic Scattering on the Analysis of the Nanostructure of Oxide Dispersion-Strengthened Steels by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering
Authors: Rogozhkin S. V. , Klauz A. V. , Gorshkova Yu. E. , Bokuchava G. D. , Khomich A. A. , Bogachev A. A. , Nikitin A. A. , Almásy L. , Kopitsa G. P.
Published: April 2024

A distinctive feature of oxide dispersion-strengthened alloys and steels, which provides a significant increase in heat resistance in comparison with traditional materials, is a significant number of homogeneously distributed nanoscale inclusions (oxides and clusters). For detailed characterization of such materials, a set of techniques is used, such as transmission electron microscopy, atom probe tomography, as well as small-angle scattering of X-rays and neutrons. The latter techniques make it possible to analyze the largest volume of material, while maintaining the ability to detect various nanoscale features. Since ferritic-martensitic oxide dispersion-strengthened steels are ferromagnetic materials, magnetic scattering has to be taken into account in the processing of small-angle neutron scattering data. The nanostructure of ferritic-martensitic oxide dispersion-strengthened steels with different alloying systems (different content of Cr, V, W, Al, and Zr) is investigated by small-angle neutron scattering. A comparison of the results of the study of the nanostructure of steels (oxide particles and clusters) in the ferromagnetic state with and without magnetic scattering is carried out. It is shown that oxide particles have a significantly higher magnetic contrast in comparison with nanoscale clusters. At the same time, the most accurate hardness values can be obtained by taking into consideration of both oxide inclusions and clusters.
Erratum to: Alkali Waters of the Ultrabasic Massif of Mount Soldatskaya, Kamchatka: Chemical and Isotopic Compositions, Mineralogy, and 14C Age of Travertines
Authors: Taran Yu. A. , Savelyev D. P. , Palyanova G. A. , Pokrovskii B. G.
Published: April 2024

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X23070097
Erratum to: Sulfur Isotope Sources of Sulfides of Neoarchean Iron Deposits of the Kostomuksha Greenstone Belt of Karelia, Russia
Authors: Vysotskiy S. V. , Khanchuk A. I. , Velivetskaya T. A. , Ignatiev A. V. , Aseeva A. V. , Nesterova N. S.
Published: April 2024

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X23070152
Erratum to: Ecological Resources of Boreal Forests for Greenhouse Gas Absorption and in Adaptation to Global Warming (for the Paris Climate Change Agreement)
Authors: Kotlyakov V. M. , Kolomyts E. G. , Sharaya L. S.
Published: April 2024

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X23070188
Erratum to: Late Orogenic Granitoids of the Tervu Agmatitic Zone in the Southeastern Part of the Svecofennian Belt (Northern Ladoga Area, Russia)
Authors: Baltybaev S. K. , Rizvanova N. G. , Kuznetsov A. B. , Petrakova M. E. , Vivdich E. S.
Published: April 2024

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X23070243
Erratum to: Sources of Substance and Genetic Relation of Soil and Bauxite-Bearing Horizons in the Laterite Profile of the Weathering Crust (of the Fouta Jallon–Mandingo Province, Republic of Guinea)
Authors: Makarova M. A. , Shipilova E. S. , Boeva N. M. , Vnuchkov D. A. , Bortnikov N. S.
Published: April 2024

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X23070255
Erratum to: Some Features of the Process of Interaction of Iron with Methane at a Temperature of 900°C and a Pressure of 100 MPa
Authors: Aranovich L. Ya. , Persikov E. S. , Bukhtiyarov P. G. , Shaposhnikova O. Y. , Nekrasov A. N.
Published: April 2024

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X23070292
Erratum to: Global Geodynamic Model of the Modern Earth and Its Application to the Antarctic Region
Authors: Baranov A. A. , Lobkovskii L. I. , Bobrov A. M.
Published: April 2024

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X23070309
Erratum to: Long Evolution of a Magmatic–Ore System of the Muruntau Gold Deposit, Western Uzbekistan, Tien Shan: Evidence from the LA–ICP–MS U–Pb Isotopic Age of Zircon from Granitoids of the Sardara (Sarykty) Pluton
Authors: Soloviev S. G. , Kryazhev S. G. , Semenova D. V. , Kalinin Yu. A. , Bortnikov N. S.
Published: April 2024

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X23070358
Erratum to: Estimation of Methane Flow from the Bottom of the Kara Sea
Authors: Voropaev S. A. , Sevastyanov V. S. , Dushenko N. V. , Bryukhanov A. L.
Published: April 2024

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X2307036X
Erratum to: The First Discovery of Authigenic Carbonates on the Laptev Sea Flank of Gakkel Ridge (Arctic Ocean)
Authors: Kaminskii D. V. , Chamov N. P. , Krylov A. A. , Neevin I. A. , Buyakaite M. I. , Degtyarev K. E. , Dubenskii A. S. , Kaminskii V. D. , Logvina E. A. , Okina O. I. , Semenov P. B. , Kil A. O. , Petrov O. V. , Pokrovskii B. G. , Tolmacheva T. Yu.
Published: April 2024

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X23070395
Erratum to: New Data on the Geological Structure and Precambrian Evolution of the Mountain Framework of the Denman Glacier Western Side (East Antarctica): First Paleoarchean Age for Plagiogneisses
Authors: Maslov V. A. , Kaminsky V. D. , Rodionov N. V. , Vorobiev D. M.
Published: April 2024

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X23070425
Erratum to: A New Chladniite Variety from Volcanic Exhalations. The Genetic Crystal Chemistry of Chladniite
Authors: Pekov I. V. , Zubkova N. V. , Agakhanov A. A. , Turchkova A. G. , Zhitova E. S. , Pushcharovskii D. Yu.
Published: April 2024

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X23070437
Erratum to: He Isotopic Composition of Alkaline Intrusions of the Hovsgol Area, Northwestern Mongolia
Authors: Vrublevskii V. V. , Petlina A. A. , Gudkov A. V. , Sidorov M. Yu. , Semiryuakov A. S. , Shelepaev R. A. , Vishnevskii A. V. , Gertner I. F. , Fomina E. N. , Kozlov E. N. , Udoratina O. V.
Published: April 2024

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X23070450
Bowel perforation with generalised peritonitis secondary to recurrent primary fallopian tube carcinoma after 17 years
Authors: Ho Mei Jing , Kyang Lee S , Schlichtemeier Steven
Published: April 2024

We describe a case of bowel perforation secondary to a recurrence of primary fallopian tube carcinoma treated more than a decade ago. A woman in her 70s presented to a rural centre with an acute abdomen. An abdominal CT showed a perforated ileum secondary to a pelvic mass. Emergency laparotomy identified the pelvic mass that was adherent to the side wall and invading the ileum at the site of perforation. Its adherence to the external iliac vessels posed a challenge to achieve en-bloc resection; therefore, a defunctioning loop ileostomy was created. Final histopathology and immunopathology were consistent with the recurrence of her primary fallopian tube carcinoma. The patient was further discussed in a multidisciplinary team meeting at a tertiary referral hospital. This case highlighted the importance of having a high index of suspicion for cancer recurrence, the utility of rapid source control laparotomy and multidisciplinary team patient management.
Development of a scoring system to quantify errors from semantic characteristics in incident reports
Authors: Uematsu Haruhiro , Uemura Masakazu , Kurihara Masaru , Yamamoto Hiroo , Umemura Tomomi , Kitano Fumimasa , Hiramatsu Mariko , Nagao Yoshimasa
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Incident reporting systems are widely used to identify risks and enable organisational learning. Free-text descriptions contain important information about factors associated with incidents. This study aimed to develop error scores by extracting information about the presence of error factors in incidents using an original decision-making model that partly relies on natural language processing techniques.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed free-text data from reports of incidents between January 2012 and December 2022 from Nagoya University Hospital, Japan. The sample data were randomly allocated to equal-sized training and validation datasets. We conducted morphological analysis on free text to segment terms from sentences in the training dataset. We calculated error scores for terms, individual reports and reports from staff groups according to report volume size and compared these with conventional classifications by patient safety experts. We also calculated accuracy, recall, precision and F-score values from the proposed ‘report error score’.

Results

Overall, 114 013 reports were included. We calculated 36 131 ‘term error scores’ from the 57 006 reports in the training dataset. There was a significant difference in error scores between reports of incidents categorised by experts as arising from errors (p<0.001,d=0.73 (large)) and other incidents. The accuracy, recall, precision and F-score values were 0.8, 0.82, 0.85 and 0.84, respectively. Group error scores were positively associated with expert ratings (correlation coefficient, 0.66; 95% CI 0.54 to 0.75, p<0.001) for all departments.

Conclusion

Our error scoring system could provide insights to improve patient safety using aggregated incident report data.
Are there lost opportunities in chronic kidney disease? A region-wide cohort study
Authors: Sundström Johan , Norhammar Anna , Karayiannides Stelios , Bodegård Johan , Gustafsson Stefan , Cars Thomas , Eriksson Svensson Maria , Ärnlöv Johan
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Identify the windows of opportunity for the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the prevention of its adverse outcomes and quantify the potential population gains of such prevention.

Design and setting

Observational, population-wide study of residents in the Stockholm and Skåne regions of Sweden between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2020.

Participants

All patients who did not yet have a diagnosis of CKD in healthcare but had CKD according to laboratory measurements of CKD biomarkers available in electronic health records.

Outcome measures

We assessed the proportions of the patient population that received a subsequent diagnosis of CKD in healthcare, that used guideline-directed pharmacological therapy (statins, renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) and/or sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i)) and that experienced adverse outcomes (all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality or major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)). The potential to prevent adverse outcomes in CKD was assessed using simulations of guideline-directed pharmacological therapy in untreated subsets of the study population.

Results

We identified 99 382 patients with undiagnosed CKD during the study period. Only 33% of those received a subsequent diagnosis of CKD in healthcare after 5 years. The proportion that used statins or RAASi was of similar size to the proportion that didn’t, regardless of how advanced their CKD was. The use of SGLT2i was negligible. In simulations of optimal treatment, 22% of the 21 870 deaths, 27% of the 14 310 cardiovascular deaths and 39% of the 22 224 MACE could have been avoided if every patient who did not use an indicated medication for their laboratory-confirmed CKD was treated with guideline-directed pharmacological therapy for CKD.

Conclusions

While we noted underdiagnosis and undertreatment of CKD in this large contemporary population, we also identified a substantial realisable potential to improve CKD outcomes and reduce its burden by treating patients early with guideline-directed pharmacological therapy.
Assessing the choice of smoke-free policies for multiunit housing and its associated determinants in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kibria Md Golam , Islam Taslima , Badiuzzaman Muhammad , Mamun Abdullah Al , Sultana Papia , Hawlader Mohammad Delwer Hossain
Published: April 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the desire for smoke-free housing, determine the choice of smoke-free policies for multiunit housing (MUH), and identify the factors associated with policy choice among MUH residents in Bangladesh.

Design

We conducted a cross-sectional study from April to November 2019 using a semi-structured survey questionnaire.

Setting

This study was conducted in seven divisional cities of Bangladesh: Dhaka, Chattogram, Rajshahi, Khulna, Sylhet, Barishal, and Rangpur.

Participants

A total of 616 adult individuals living in MUH for at least 2 years participated in the study.

Primary outcome measure

Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify the determinants of the choice of smoke-free policies for MUH.

Results

Overall, 94.8% of the respondents wanted smoke-free housing. Among those who wanted smoke-free housing, 44.9% preferred a smoke-free building policy, 28.3% preferred a smoke-free common area policy, 20.2% favoured a smoke-free unit policy, and 6.7% did not know what policy they should choose. Three factors were found to be significantly associated with the choice of a smoke-free building policy: staying at home for more than 12 hours (adjusted OR (aOR): 2.6; 95% CI 1.035 to 6.493), being a non-smoker (aOR: 3.2; 95% CI 1.317 to 7.582), and having at least one family member who smoked (aOR: 3.0; 95% CI 1.058 to 8.422). Results also showed that residents having at least one child under 15 in the family (aOR: 0.3; 95% CI 0.152 to 0.778) were less likely to choose a smoke-free common area policy and that women (aOR: 3.7; 95% CI 1.024 to 13.188) were more likely to choose a smoke-free unit policy.

Conclusions

MUH residents in urban Bangladesh highly demanded smoke-free housing. Most residents favoured a smoke-free building policy for MUH. Those who stayed at home for a longer time, were non-smokers, and had smoking family members were more likely to choose this policy.
Time to initiation of antenatal care and its predictors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a multilevel mixed-effects acceleration failure time model
Authors: Oyato Befekadu Tesfaye , Abasimel Husen Zakir , Tufa Derara Girma , Gesisa Hana Israel , Tsegaye Tewodros Getachew , Awol Mukemil
Published: April 2024

Objective

To assess the time to initiation of antenatal care (ANC) and its predictors among pregnant women in Ethiopia.

Design

Retrospective follow-up study using secondary data from the 2019 Ethiopian Mini-Demographic and Health Survey.

Setting and participants

2933 women aged 15–49 years who had ANC visits during their current or most recent pregnancy within the 5 years prior to the survey were included in this study. Women who attended prenatal appointments but whose gestational age was unknown at the first prenatal visit were excluded from the study.

Outcome measures

Participants were interviewed about the gestational age in months at which they made the first ANC visit. Multivariable mixed-effects survival regression was fitted to identify factors associated with the time to initiation of ANC.

Results

In this study, the estimated mean survival time of pregnant women to initiate the first ANC visit in Ethiopia was found to be 6.8 months (95% CI: 6.68, 6.95). Women whose last birth was a caesarean section (adjusted acceleration factor (AAF)=0.75; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.93) and women with higher education (AAF)=0.69; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.95) had a shorter time to initiate ANC early in the first trimester of pregnancy. However, being grand multiparous (AAF=1.31; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.63), being previously in a union (AAF=1.47; 95% CI: 1.07, 2.00), having a home birth (AAF=1.35; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.61) and living in a rural area (AAF=1.25; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.52) were the impediments to early ANC initiation.

Conclusion

Women in this study area sought their initial ANC far later than what the WHO recommended. Therefore, healthcare providers should collaborate with community health workers to provide home-based care in order to encourage prompt ANC among hard-to-reach populations, such as rural residents and those giving birth at home.
Prehospital identification of intracerebral haemorrhage: a scoping review of early clinical features and portable devices
Authors: Almubayyidh Mohammed , Alghamdi Ibrahim , Parry-Jones Adrian Robert , Jenkins David
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Prehospital identification of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) in suspected stroke cases may enable the initiation of appropriate treatments and facilitate better-informed transport decisions. This scoping review aims to examine the literature to identify early clinical features and portable devices for the detection of ICH in the prehospital setting.

Methods

Three databases were searched via Ovid (MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL) from inception to August 2022 using prespecified search strategies. One reviewer screened all titles, abstracts and full-text articles for eligibility, while a second reviewer independently screened 20% of the literature during each screening stage. Data extracted were tabulated to summarise the key findings.

Results

A total of 6803 articles were screened for eligibility, of which 22 studies were included for analysis. Among them, 15 studies reported on early clinical features, while 7 considered portable devices. Associations between age, sex and comorbidities with the presence of ICH varied across studies. However, most studies reported that patients with ICH exhibited more severe neurological deficits (n=6) and higher blood pressure levels (n=11) at onset compared with other stroke and non-stroke diagnoses. Four technologies were identified for ICH detection: microwave imaging technology, volumetric impedance phase shift spectroscopy, transcranial ultrasound and electroencephalography. Microwave and ultrasound imaging techniques showed promise in distinguishing ICH from other diagnoses.

Conclusion

This scoping review has identified potential clinical features for the identification of ICH in suspected stroke patients. However, the considerable heterogeneity among the included studies precludes meta-analysis of available data. Moreover, we have explored portable devices to enhance ICH identification. While these devices have shown promise in detecting ICH, further technological development is required to distinguish between stroke subtypes (ICH vs ischaemic stroke) and non-stroke diagnoses.