bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 pandemic hits differently: examining its consequences for women’s livelihoods and healthcare access – a cross-sectional study in Kinshasa DRC
Authors: Nkweleko Fankam Falone , Ugarte William , Akilimali Pierre , Ewane Etah Junior , Åkerman Eva
Published: September 2023

Objectives

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic led to multiple preventive actions as primary interventions to contain the spread of the virus. Globally, countries are facing enormous challenges with consequences for use of social, economic and health services. The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) was among the African countries implementing strict lockdown at the start of the pandemic, resulting in shortages and decreased access to services. The adverse effects of the pandemic had unpleasant consequences for the country. This study aimed to examine the association between COVID-19 pandemic-related factors, sociodemographic factors, and the need to visit healthcare facilities, including family planning services, among women aged 15–49 years in the DRC.

Methods

We conducted a secondary analysis of a performance monitoring for action (PMA) cross-sectional COVID-19 phone survey in Kinshasa, DRC, which had a response rate of 74.7%. In total, 1325 randomly selected women aged 15–49 years from the Kinshasa province who had previously participated in the PMA baseline survey participated in the survey. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to assess associations.

Results

The COVID-19 pandemic and related factors affected 92% of women in the Kinshasa province socioeconomically. A majority were highly economically dependent on their partner or some other sources for their basic needs to be met, and even more worried about the future impact of the pandemic on their household finances. Over 50% of women did not attempt visiting a health service, with some of the top reasons being fear of being infected with COVID-19 and not being able to afford services. We found a significant association between age groups and contraceptive use. The need for and use of contraceptives was higher among women aged 25–34 years than those aged 15–24 or 35–49 years.

Conclusion

Effective social/economic support to women and girls during pandemics and in crises is essential as it can have lasting beneficial effects on many domains of their lives, including their ability to access health services and the contraceptives of their choice.
Associations between experiencing violence, owning a firearm for protection and firearm storage: a nationally representative analysis of US caregivers of teens
Authors: Sokol Rebeccah Lyn , Lee Daniel , Rowhani-Rahbar Ali , Pelletier Karissa , Zimmerman Marc , Carter Patrick M
Published: September 2023

Objective

To study the interaction between violence exposure and motivations for firearm ownership in their associations with firearm storage among caregivers of teens in the United States.

Methods

In June–July 2020, we conducted a national survey of 2924 caregivers of US teens. We estimated multivariable logistic regressions among caregivers who owned a firearm (n=1095) to evaluate associations between the exposures of community violence, interpersonal violence, and firearm ownership motivations (protection motivations vs non-protection motivations) and the outcome of firearm storage patterns (locked and unloaded vs unlocked and/or loaded). We assessed for a potential interaction between violence exposures and motivations for firearm ownership in their associations with firearm storage.

Results

We observed no associations between community (adjusted OR [aOR]: 0.86; 95% CI [0.55 to 1.36]) or interpersonal violence exposure (aOR: 0.60; 95% CI [0.22 to 1.65]) and firearm storage behaviours, and these associations did not vary according to firearm ownership motivations (relative excess risk due to interaction: −0.09 [−1.90 to 1.73]; −2.04 [−6.00 to 1.92]). Owning a firearm for protection was associated with increased odds of storing at least one firearm unlocked and/or loaded (aOR: 3.48; 95% CI [2.11 to 5.75]), and this association persisted across all strata of violence exposures (aORs: 1.51–3.98; 95% CIs [0.52 to 8.31]−[1.96 to 8.08]).

Conclusions

The motivation to own a firearm for protection was associated with storing a firearm unlocked and/or loaded. The results suggest the associations between violence exposure and firearm storage are more complicated than anticipated because (1) exposure to violence was not associated with firearm storage practices and (2) motivations for firearm ownership do not appear to explain why people differ in firearm storage following violence exposure.
Intraoperative physiology augments atlas-based data in awake deep brain stimulation
Authors: Paulo Danika L , Johnson Graham W , Doss Derek J , Allen Jackson H , González Hernán F J , Shults Robert , Li Rui , Ball Tyler J , Bick Sarah K , Hassell Travis J , D’Haese Pierre-François , Konrad Peter E , Dawant Benoit M , Narasimhan Saramati , Englot Dario J
Published: September 2023

Background

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is commonly performed with patients awake to perform intraoperative microelectrode recordings and/or macrostimulation testing to guide final electrode placement. Supplemental information from atlas-based databases derived from prior patient data and visualised as efficacy heat maps transformed and overlaid onto preoperative MRIs can be used to guide preoperative target planning and intraoperative final positioning. Our quantitative analysis of intraoperative testing and corresponding changes made to final electrode positioning aims to highlight the value of intraoperative neurophysiological testing paired with image-based data to optimise final electrode positioning in a large patient cohort.

Methods

Data from 451 patients with movement disorders treated with 822 individual DBS leads at a single institution from 2011 to 2021 were included. Atlas-based data was used to guide surgical targeting. Intraoperative testing data and coordinate data were retrospectively obtained from a large patient database. Medical records were reviewed to obtain active contact usage and neurologist-defined outcomes at 1 year.

Results

Microelectrode recording firing profiles differ per track, per target and inform the locations where macrostimulation testing is performed. Macrostimulation performance correlates with the final electrode track chosen. Centroids of atlas-based efficacy heat maps per target were close in proximity to and may predict active contact usage at 1 year. Overall, patient outcomes at 1 year were improved for patients with better macrostimulation response.

Conclusions

Atlas-based imaging data is beneficial for target planning and intraoperative guidance, and in conjunction with intraoperative neurophysiological testing during awake DBS can be used to individualize and optimise final electrode positioning, resulting in favourable outcomes.
Acute angle closure glaucoma misdiagnosed as sinusitis
Authors: Lee Natalie Si-Yi , Woo Thomas L , Agar Ashish , Francis Ian C
Published: September 2023

A 69-year-old woman developed severe right suprabulbar pain with blurred right-sided vision. There were no haloes around lights, photophobia, nausea or vomiting. Investigations in the emergency department excluded a posterior communicating/internal carotid artery aneurysm. However, she did not have an ophthalmological assessment and the initial diagnosis was of sinusitis-related headache. An urgent ear, nose and throat assessment found no abnormality, but a local ophthalmologist subsequently diagnosed and managed the patient’s acute angle closure crisis. Periocular pain always deserves detailed assessment with an accurate history, visual acuity assessment and intraocular pressure measurement.
Palliative Care Curriculum and Training Plan for community health workers
Authors: Monton Olivia , Abou-Zamzam Aida , Fuller Shannon , Barnes-Malone Tracy , Siddiqi Amn , Woods Alison , Patton Jae , Ibe Chidinma A , Johnston Fabian M
Published: September 2023

African American patients are less likely than White patients to access palliative care. Community health workers (CHWs) are non-clinical public health workers who may address this gap. We developed a Palliative Care Curriculum and Training Plan for CHWs as part of an ongoing randomised controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of a CHW palliative care intervention for African American patients with advanced cancer. This study aimed to determine whether the Palliative Care Curriculum and Training Plan leads to gains in knowledge, perceived competence on CHW study-based tasks, and satisfaction among CHWs. The curriculum was delivered over 3 months using synchronous, asynchronous and experiential training components. CHWs were assessed through survey questionnaires and semistructured interviews. We trained a total of three CHWs, one from each of our enrolment sites: Johns Hopkins Hospital, TidalHealth Peninsula Regional and University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital. CHWs demonstrated an increase in knowledge, with a mean pre-training test score of 85% (SD 10.49) and post-training test score of 96% (SD 4.17). The training led to increases in perceived competence among CHWs. Areas for future training were identified. This curriculum serves as a template for CHW training focused on palliative care, oncology and health disparities.
Efficacy and safety of a neurointerventional operation robotic assistance system in cerebral angiography
Authors: Liu He , Li Conghui , Ren Shaohua , Li Tong , Zhong Hongliang , Jia Jianwen , Yang Hongchao , Qi Yi , Feng Junqiang , Li Youxiang , Wang Yang
Published: September 2023

Background

At present, neurointerventional surgery requires angiographers to perform operations in the digital subtraction angiography (DSA) room. Ionising radiation and chronic joint damage are still unavoidable for angiographers. Therefore, we researched and developed a neurointerventional robot-assisted system, which is operated by angiographers in an operating room outside the DSA room. We have conducted a prospective, multicentre, randomised controlled trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a robot-assisted system in human cerebral angiography. In the future, this research will provide a platform for the research and development of an intelligent surgical system and bring revolutionary progress in neurointerventional surgery.

Methods

From December 2020 to December 2021, 260 patients were enrolled from three medical centres, who were randomly and equally divided into a robot-assisted system group and a clinical routine cerebral angiography group. The success rate of angiography, the rate of the catheter reaching the target vessel, the operation time, X-ray radiation exposure and the incidence of related adverse events were compared between the two groups.

Results

A total of 257 patients completed this trial; baseline characteristics of the two groups did not differ significantly. The success rate of angiography in both the control group and the experimental group was 100%. The rate of the catheter reaching the target vessel was 99.23% and 100.00% in the control and experimental groups, respectively. For the control versus experimental groups, the angiographic operation time was 48.59±25.60 min versus 47.94±27.49 min, respectively; the X-ray radiation dose was 735.01±554.77 mGy versus 821.65±705.45 mGy, respectively; and the incidence of adverse events was 23.44% versus 22.48%, respectively. No statistical differences were present between the two groups.

Conclusion

The robot-assisted surgical system is more convenient for cerebral angiography and is as safe and effective as the traditional cerebral angiography.
Combined computed tomography and C-arm resuscitation room system (CTCARM) is associated with decreased time to definitive hemostasis and reduces preperitoneal pelvic packing maneuvers in severe pelvic trauma
Authors: Uchida Kenichiro , Deguchi Ryo , Himura Hoshi , Yoshitake Hiroyuki , Kawamoto Akihiro , Saoyama Yuki , Miyashita Masahiro , Nishimura Tetsuro , Yamamoto Hiromasa , Mizobata Yasumitsu
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Severe pelvic fracture concomitant with massive bleeding is potentially lethal, and intervention for hemorrhage control still depends on institutional supplies. With the recent installation of a CT and C-arm combined resuscitation room system (CTCARM) for treatment of trauma patients in our institution, the strategic process and options for hemorrhage control after pelvic fracture have changed. We retrospectively reviewed the procedures we performed and their outcomes.

Methods

The CTCARM was installed in our trauma resuscitation room in April 2020. Patients who were diagnosed as having pelvic fracture and underwent interventional radiology for hemorrhage control within 2.5 hours after arrival were compared before and after CTCARM installation. We reviewed the time process for hemorrhage control, treatment options performed, blood products used and their outcomes.

Results

Included in this study were 56 patients treated between 2016 and 2022, of whom 36 patients were treated before (original group) and 20 patients after CTCARM installation (CTCARM group). Patient characteristics and vital signs at admission were not statistically different. Preperitoneal pelvic packing was performed significantly more frequently in the original group (p<0.01), whereas resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta use was much more frequent in the CTCARM group (p=0.02). Although the times from admission to first angiography (p=0.014) and to complete hemostasis (p=0.02) were significantly shorter in the CTCARM group, mortality was not statistically different. Four preventable trauma deaths occurred in the original group, but there were none in the CTCARM group. Six unexpected survivors were observed in the original group and four in the CTCARM group.

Conclusions

Although the CTCARM had no direct effects on patient mortality for now, it has allowed us to accelerate the treatment time process, shorten preperitoneal pelvic packing procedural time, and potentially avoid subsequent preventable trauma deaths.

Level of evidence

Level IV.
Trends in groundberry cover under climate change in the southern and central Yukon, 1997–2022
Authors: Krebs Charles J. , Boonstra Rudy , Kenney Alice J. , Hofer Elizabeth , Jung Thomas S. , O'Donoghue Mark
Published: September 2023

Groundberries are an important component of the flora of the boreal forest and provide seasonally important food for many birds and mammals, as well as local people in northern Canada. Here, we ask whether there has been a change in the cover of groundberries in the Yukon boreal forest over the last two decades. We monitored five common species at undisturbed forest sites spaced 300 km apart. At our Kluane site, we monitored 710 fixed quadrats per year for 26 years (1997–2022), and at Mayo 500 quadrats per year for 18 years (2005–2022). The cover of four species, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. (bearberry) , Arctostaphylos rubra (Rehder & E.H. Wilson) Fernald (red bearberry) , Empetrum nigrum L. (crowberry), and Geocaulon lividum (Richardson) Fernald (toadflax), declined annually by 0.2%–0.8% at both sites. In contrast, Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. (lingonberry) increased annually by 0.5% and 0.8%. We tested whether increases in summer temperature and rainfall were correlated with the observed changes but found no significant relationships. These boreal plants are changing in abundance, but we have limited data on the extent and speed of these changes. We recommend experiments to understand the cause(s) of these changes in groundberry productivity. Our study is a start in monitoring important berry species in this critical ecosystem of northern Canada.
Assessment of soil organic carbon stocks in Alberta using 2-scale sampling and 3D predictive soil mapping
Authors: Hengl Tomislav , Sorenson Preston , Parente Leandro , Cornish Kimberly , Battigelli Jeffrey , Bonannella Carmelo , Gorzelak Monika , Nichols Kris
Published: September 2023

A three-dimensional predictive soil mapping approach for predicting soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks (t/ha) at high spatial resolution (30 m) for Alberta for 2020–2021 is described. A remote sensing data stack was first prepared covering Alberta’s agricultural lands. A total of 404 sampling locations were distributed across Alberta using 2-scale sampling: (1) 22 pilot farms representing main climatic zones and (2) conditioned Latin hypercube sampling at each farm. Soil samples were taken at four standard depths (0–15, 15–30, 30–60, 60–100 cm) using soil probes and analyzed for SOC. Predictive models for SOC content and bulk density were built separately and then used to predict at 0, 15, 30, 60, and 100 cm and calculate aggregated SOC stocks per pixel. The SOC content and bulk density models had R squares of 0.61 and 0.68, respectively. Based on these mapping results, grassland soils were consistently associated with higher SOC stocks across all soil types as compared to croplands. The average SOC stock increase for grassland soils compared to cropland soils was 2.1 Mg per hectare, ranging from 2.17 to 6.09 Mg per hectare depending on soil type. Results also showed that >15 % of total SOC stocks were located in subsoil, which was higher than expected.
Complementarity of $$B\rightarrow K^{(*)} \mu \bar{\mu }$$ and $$B\rightarrow K^{(*)} + \textrm{inv}$$ for searches of GeV-scale Higgs-like scalars
Authors: Ovchynnikov Maksym , Schmidt Michael A. , Schwetz Thomas
Published: September 2023

The rare decays $$B^+\rightarrow K^+ \mu \bar{\mu }$$

B
+

→

K
+

μ

μ

¯

and $$B^0\rightarrow K^{*0} \mu \bar{\mu }$$

B
0

→

K

∗
0

μ

μ

¯

provide the strongest constraints on the mixing of a light scalar with the Higgs boson for GeV-scale masses. The constraints sensitively depend on the branching ratio to muons. Additional decay channels like an invisible partial width may substantially weaken the constraints. This scenario will be probed at Belle II in $$B\rightarrow K^{(*)} + \textrm{inv}$$

B
→

K

(

∗
)

+
inv

. We illustrate the complementarity of scalar decays to muons and invisible decays using the currently available results of LHCb and BaBar. We provide two simple model realisations providing a sizeable invisible scalar width, one based on a real scalar and one based on a $$U(1)_{B-L}$$

U

(
1
)

B
-
L

gauge symmetry. In both examples the scalar decays into heavy neutral leptons which can be motivated by the seesaw mechanism for neutrino masses.
Applicability of the 0–1 test for chaos in magnetized Kerr–Newman spacetimes
Authors: Yang Daqi , Wu Xin
Published: September 2023

The dynamics of electrically neutral or charged particles around a magnetized Kerr–Newman black hole immersed in an external electromagnetic field can be described by a dimensionless Hamiltonian system. This Hamiltonian is given an appropriate time transformation, which allows for construction of explicit symplectic integrators. Selecting one of the integrators with good accuracy, long-term stabilized Hamiltonian error behavior and less computational cost, we employ the 0–1 binary test correlation method to distinguish between regular and chaotic dynamics of electrically neutral or charged particles. The correlation method is almost the same as the techniques of Poincaré map and fast Lyapunov indicators in identifying the regular and chaotic two cases. It can well describe the dependence of the transition from regularity to chaos on varying one or two dynamical parameters. From a statistical viewpoint, chaos occurs easily under some circumstances with an increase of the external magnetic field strength and the particle electric charge and energy or a decrease of the black hole spin and the particle angular momentum. A small change of the black hole electric charge does not very sensitively affect the dynamics of neutral particles. With the black hole electric charge increasing, positively charged particles do not easily yield chaotic motions, but negatively charged particles do. On the other hand, the effect of a small change of the black hole magnetic charge on the dynamical transition from order to chaos has no universal rule.
Approximating All-Points Furthest Pairs and Maximum Spanning Trees in Metric Spaces
Authors: Chang Ching-Lueh , Chang Chun-Wei
Published: September 2023

Consider the problem of finding a point furthest from [Formula: see text] for each point [Formula: see text] in a metric space [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text]. We prove this problem to have a deterministic [Formula: see text]-time [Formula: see text]-approximation algorithm. As a corollary, the maximum spanning tree problem in metric spaces has a deterministic [Formula: see text]-time [Formula: see text]-approximation algorithm. We also give a Monte Carlo [Formula: see text]-time algorithm outputting, for each [Formula: see text], a point [Formula: see text] satisfying [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text]. As a corollary, we have a Monte Carlo [Formula: see text]-time algorithm for finding a spanning tree of weight at least [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text].
First-principles calculations of twin-boundary energies in face-centered-cubic metals
Authors: Liu Lin , Yan Kangcheng , Wu Lingkang , Fu Baoqin , Zhao Yujie , Pan Haijun , Wang Zhijian , Wang Hao
Published: September 2023

Nanotwin strengthening mechanism has been successfully applied to a variety of metallic materials. The strengthening originates from the hindering effect of twin-boundary (TB) on dislocations, and the formation of twin is greatly determined by the magnitude of the TB energy (TBE). In this work, the TBEs of three face-centered-cubic (FCC) metals were calculated by first-principles, the effect of the supercell size (the TB spacing and TB area) on the TBE was investigated, and the relationship between the TBE and the twinning formation mechanism was discussed. The results show that the TBEs calculated in this paper are in good agreement with the experimental values. Meanwhile, the magnitude of the TBE explains reasonably the twinning formation ability of these FCC metals in experiments.
Theoretical investigation of half-Heusler compound XYZ (X=Li, Na, K; Y=Ba; Z=B) for spintronic and thermoelectric applications
Authors: Monika S. , Suganya G. , Kalpana G.
Published: September 2023

Density functional theory with pesudo potential approximation is used to study XBaB ([Formula: see text], Na, K) half-Heusler compounds structural, magnetic and electrical property using Quantum espresso code and thermoelectric properties were studied using BoltzTrap code. Total energy calculations were carried out in the [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] phases of XBaB compounds in [Formula: see text] type structure. The compounds were stable in [Formula: see text]-phase and hence further calculations were focused only on [Formula: see text] phase. From the spin polarization calculations, magnetic state was stable than nonmagnetic state and exhibits ferromagnetism at the equilibrium lattice constant with an integer magnetic moment of 2 [Formula: see text]. From the band structure calculations and through density of states, all the three compounds exhibit half-metallicity with 100% spin polarization by showing semi-conductivity for majority spin and metallicity for minority spin. In addition, thermoelectric properties were investigated for all three compounds. LiBaB is found to have high Seebeck coefficient of 2462[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]VK[Formula: see text] and ZT value of 1, compared to other compounds. These materials were found to have high ZT value and hence they can be used for thermoelectric applications.
Combined Shallow and Deep Learning Models for Malware Detection in Wsn
Authors: Chandan Madhavarapu , Santhi S. G. , Srinivasa Rao T.
Published: September 2023

Due to the major operating restrictions, ensuring security is the fundamental problem of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Because of their inadequate security mechanisms, WSNs are indeed a simple point for malware (worms, viruses, malicious code, etc.). According to the epidemic nature of worm propagation, it is critical to develop a worm defense mechanism in the network. This concept aims to establish novel malware detection in WSN that consists of several phases: “(i) Preprocessing, (ii) feature extraction, as well as (iii) detection”. At first, the input data is subjected for preprocessing phase. Then, the feature extraction takes place, in which principal component analysis (PCA), improved linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and autoencoder-based characteristics are retrieved. Moreover, the retrieved characteristics are subjected to the detection phase. The detection is performed employing combined shallow learning and DL. Further, the shallow learning includes decision tree (DT), logistic regression (LR), and Naive Bayes (NB); the deep learning (DL) includes deep neural network (DNN), convolutional neural network (CNN), and recurrent neural network (RNN). Here, the DT output is given to the DNN, LR output is subjected to CNN, and the NB output is given to the RNN, respectively. Eventually, the DNN, CNN, and RNN outputs are averaged to generate a successful outcome. The combination can be thought of as an Ensemble classifier. The weight of the RNN is optimally tuned through the Self Improved Shark Smell Optimization with Opposition Learning (SISSOOL) model to improve detection precision and accuracy. Lastly, the outcomes of the suggested approach are computed in terms of different measures.
Flight to quality and portfolio diversification under ambiguity of correlation
Authors: Huang Helen Hui , Wang Yanjie , Zhang Shunming
Published: September 2023

We argue that ambiguous correlation between asset payoffs plays an important role in the occurrence of “flight to quality”, which in some circumstances leads investors with incomplete information to portfolio under-diversification. In this paper, we consider a multi-asset economy with four types of investors who have heterogeneous beliefs on correlation coefficients, and in which ambiguity-averse traders make decisions in a maxmin expected utility framework. A unique general equilibrium presents in four scenarios according to the dispersion of asset quality. We define a measure to gauge the degree of portfolio under-diversification, with which we show that correlation ambiguity will drive less-informed investors to hold a nondiversified portfolio if the correlation coefficient is negative, while a positive correlation drives some less-informed investors to hold a fully diversified portfolio.
SensiX++: Bringing MLOps and Multi-tenant Model Serving to Sensory Edge Devices
Authors: Min Chulhong , Mathur Akhil , Acer Utku Günay , Montanari Alessandro , Kawsar Fahim
Published: September 2023

We present SensiX++, a multi-tenant runtime for adaptive model execution with integrated MLOps on edge devices, e.g., a camera, a microphone, or IoT sensors. SensiX++ operates on two fundamental principles: highly modular componentisation to externalise data operations with clear abstractions and document-centric manifestation for system-wide orchestration. First, a data coordinator manages the lifecycle of sensors and serves models with correct data through automated transformations. Next, a resource-aware model server executes multiple models in isolation through model abstraction, pipeline automation, and feature sharing. An adaptive scheduler then orchestrates the best-effort executions of multiple models across heterogeneous accelerators, balancing latency and throughput. Finally, microservices with REST APIs serve synthesised model predictions, system statistics, and continuous deployment. Collectively, these components enable SensiX++ to serve multiple models efficiently with fine-grained control on edge devices while minimising data operation redundancy, managing data and device heterogeneity, and reducing resource contention. We benchmark SensiX++ with 10 different vision and acoustics models across various multi-tenant configurations on different edge accelerators (Jetson AGX and Coral TPU) designed for sensory devices. We report on the overall throughput and quantified benefits of various automation components of SensiX++ and demonstrate its efficacy in significantly reducing operational complexity and lowering the effort to deploy, upgrade, reconfigure, and serve embedded models on edge devices.
Metaheuristic Biclustering Algorithms: From State-of-the-art to Future Opportunities
Authors: José-García Adán , Jacques Julie , Sobanski Vincent , Dhaenens Clarisse
Published: September 2023

Biclustering is an unsupervised machine-learning technique that simultaneously clusters rows and columns in a data matrix. Over the past two decades, the field of biclustering has emerged and grown significantly, and currently plays an essential role in various applications such as bioinformatics, text mining, and pattern recognition. However, finding significant biclusters in large-scale datasets is an NP-hard problem that can be formulated as an optimization problem. Therefore, metaheuristics have been applied to address biclustering problems due to their (i) ability to efficiently explore search spaces of complex optimization problems, (ii) capability to find solutions in reasonable computation time, and (iii) facility to adapt to different problem formulations, as they are considered general-purpose heuristic algorithms. Although several studies on biclustering approaches have been proposed, a comprehensive study using metaheuristics for bicluster analysis is missing. This work presents a survey of metaheuristic approaches to address the biclustering problem in various scientific applications. The review focuses on the underlying optimization methods and their main search components: representation, objective function, and variation operators. A specific discussion on single versus multi-objective approaches is presented. Finally, some emerging research directions are presented.
Electrochemical Model for a Three-Electrode Lead Acid Cell: Boundary Conditions for Asymmetric Configurations
Authors: Subramaniam Akshay , Kolluri Suryanarayana , Jang Taejin , Charab Rayan , Jimenez Daniel , Trinidad Francisco , Majumdar Diptarka , Subramanian Venkat R.
Published: September 2023

A one-dimensional (1D) electrochemical model is developed for a lead-acid demonstration cell comprising two positive electrodes engaging a single negative electrode. Classical 1D models, which analyze a single repeat unit in a full battery, are extended to this non-standard configuration by considering additional porous electrode and electrolyte reservoir domains. The non-standard model necessitates appropriate boundary conditions to couple electrochemical variables in different domains, since symmetry boundary conditions typically employed at the current collector grids are no longer applicable. The modified model, with new boundary conditions, is simulated using standard techniques. Salient modeling and simulation differences compared to a standard lead-acid model are discussed, as are trends in predicted variables. The non-standard model predicts reduced polarization and more uniform utilization of the non-limiting electrodes, in addition to non-zero reaction currents and active material utilization in the terminal electrode faces, which are typically ignored in “unit-cell” analyses. This model is expected to be of substantial utility in guiding evaluations of new lead-acid battery designs through improved prediction of performance of such test configurations. The boundary conditions introduced herein are also useful for 1D modeling of non-standard configurations characterized by multiple, electrochemically interacting porous domains, particularly where spatial current distributions are initially unknown.
Why is chronic kidney disease progressive? Evolutionary adaptations and maladaptations
Authors: Chevalier Robert L.
Published: September 2023

Despite significant advances in renal physiology, the global prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) continues to increase. The emergence of multicellular organisms gave rise to increasing complexity of life resulting in trade-offs reflecting ancestral adaptations to changing environments. Three evolutionary traits shape CKD over the lifespan: 1) variation in nephron number at birth, 2) progressive nephron loss with aging, and 3) adaptive kidney growth in response to decreased nephron number. Although providing plasticity in adaptation to changing environments, the cell cycle must function within constraints dictated by available energy. Prioritized allocation of energy available through the placenta can restrict fetal nephrogenesis, a risk factor for CKD. Moreover, nephron loss with aging is a consequence of cell senescence, a pathway accelerated by adaptive nephron hypertrophy that maintains metabolic homeostasis at the expense of increased vulnerability to stressors. Driven by reproductive fitness, natural selection operates in early life but diminishes thereafter, leading to an exponential increase in CKD with aging, a product of antagonistic pleiotropy. A deeper understanding of the evolutionary constraints on the cell cycle may lead to manipulation of the balance between progenitor cell renewal and differentiation, regulation of cell senescence, and modulation of the balance between cell proliferation and hypertrophy. Application of an evolutionary perspective may enhance understanding of adaptation and maladaptation by nephrons in the progression of CKD, leading to new therapeutic advances.
Renal tubular SGK1 is required to achieve blood pressure surge and circadian rhythm
Authors: Staub Olivier , Debonneville Anne , Stifanelli Matteo , Juffre Alexandria , Maillard Marc P. , Gumz Michelle L. , Al-Qusairi Lama
Published: September 2023

Dysregulation of blood pressure (BP) circadian rhythm is associated with metabolic, cardiovascular, and kidney diseases. Our study provides experimental evidence demonstrating, for the first time, that renal tubule serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 ( SGK1) plays an essential role in inducing the BP surge. Inhibitors and activators of SGK1 signaling are parts of several therapeutic strategies. Our findings highlight the importance of the drug intake timing to be in phase with SGK1 function to avoid dysregulation of BP circadian rhythm.
Intracellular signaling pathways of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated detrusor muscle contractions
Authors: Balla Helga , Borsodi Kinga , Őrsy Petra , Horváth Béla , Molnár Péter József , Lénárt Ádám , Kosztelnik Mónika , Ruisanchez Éva , Wess Jürgen , Offermanns Stefan , Nyirády Péter , Benyó Zoltán
Published: September 2023

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are of utmost importance in physiological regulation of micturition and also in the development of voiding disorders. We demonstrate that the RhoA-Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) pathway plays a crucial role in contractions induced by cholinergic stimulation in detrusor muscle. Activation of RhoA is mediated by both M2 and M3 receptors as well as by Gi but not Gq/11 proteins. The Gi-RhoA-ROCK pathway may provide a novel therapeutic target for overactive voiding disorders.
Prolonged mechanical muscle loading increases mechanosensor gene and protein levels and causes a moderate fast-to-slow fiber type switch in mice
Authors: Vanmunster Mathias , Rojo-Garcia Ana Victoria , Pacolet Alexander , Jonkers Ilse , Koppo Katrien , Lories Rik , Suhr Frank
Published: September 2023

This study provides a comprehensive overview of the effects of prolonged loading on mechanosensitive components in conditions that better reflect the natural physiological state of skeletal muscle. Although the muscle mechanosensing machinery has been widely acknowledged for its responsiveness to altered loading, an inclusive understanding of its response to prolonged loading remains scarce. Our results show a fast-to-slow fiber type shift and an upregulation of mechanosensor gene and protein levels following prolonged loading.
Soluble RAGE and skeletal muscle tissue RAGE expression profiles in lean and obese young adults across differential aerobic exercise intensities
Authors: Miranda Edwin R. , Mey Jacob T. , Blackburn Brian K. , Chaves Alec B. , Fuller Kelly N. Z. , Perkins Ryan K. , Ludlow Andrew T. , Haus Jacob M.
Published: September 2023

This study is the first to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise intensity on circulating sRAGE isoforms, muscle RAGE protein, and muscle RAGE splicing. sRAGE isoforms tended to diminish with exercise, although this effect was attenuated with increasing exercise intensity. Muscle RAGE protein and gene expression were unaffected by exercise. However, individuals with obesity displayed nearly twofold higher muscle RAGE protein and gene expression, which positively correlated with expression of the P65 subunit of NF-κB.
Breast Cancer Screening Using a Modified Inertial Projective Algorithms for Split Feasibility Problems
Authors: Nabheerong Pennipat , Kiththiworaphongkich Warissara , Cholamjiak Watcharaporn
Published: September 2023

To detect breast cancer in mammography screening practice, we modify the inertial relaxed CQ algorithm with Mann’s iteration for solving split feasibility problems in real Hilbert spaces to apply in an extreme learning machine as an optimizer. Weak convergence of the proposed algorithm is proved under certain mild conditions. Moreover, we present the advantage of our algorithm by comparing it with existing machine learning methods. The highest performance value of 85.03% accuracy, 82.56% precision, 87.65% recall, and 85.03% F1-score show that our algorithm performs better than the other machine learning models.
Optimal Active Vibration Control of Tensegrity Structures Using Fast Model Predictive Control Strategy
Authors: Feng Xiaodong , Fan Yangbiao , Peng Haijun , Chen Yao , Zheng Yiwen
Published: September 2023

Active vibration control of tensegrity structures is often challenging due to the geometrical nonlinearity, assemblage uncertainties of connections, and actuator saturation of controllers. To tackle these technical difficulties, a fast model predictive control (FMPC) strategy is herein implemented to effectively mitigate the structural vibration. Specifically, based on the explicit expression form of the Newmark-

β

method, the computation of the matrix exponential is avoided and replaced by one online and two offline transient analyses at each sampling instant on the structure, and the optimal control input is attainted from the second-order dynamic equation without forming an expanded state-space equation. Meanwhile, the artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA) is embedded to automatically derive optimal arrangement of actuators with the selection of a reasonable objective function. Two illustrative examples, including two standard and clustered tensegrity beams and a clustered tensegrity tower, have been fully investigated. The outcomes from illustrative examples prove the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method in optimal active vibration control of tensegrity structures, implying a promising prospect of the investigated approach in analyzing and solving relevant engineering problems.
Flipit Game Deception Strategy Selection Method Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: He Weizhen , Tan Jinglei , Guo Yunfei , Shang Ke , Kong Guanhua
Published: September 2023

The existing cyber deception decision‐making model based on game theory primarily focuses on the selection of spatial strategies, which ignores the optimal defense timing and can affect the execution of a defense strategy. Consequently, this paper presents a method for selecting deception strategies based on a multi‐stage Flipit game. Firstly, based on the analysis of cyber deception attack and defense, we propose a concept of moving deception attack surface and analyze the characteristics of deception attack and defense interaction behaviors based on the Flipit game model. The Flipit game model is then utilized to create a single‐stage deception spatial‐temporal decision‐making model. Additionally, we introduce the discount factor and transition probability based on a single‐stage game model and construct a multi‐stage cyber deception model. We provide the utility function of the multi‐stage game model, and design a Proximal Policy Optimization algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning to compute the defender’s optimal spatial‐temporal strategies. Finally, we utilize an application example to validate the effectiveness of the model and the advantages of the proposed algorithm in generating the multi‐stage cyber deception strategy.
Practical Input-to-State Stability of Nonlinear Systems with Time Delay
Authors: Ben Makhlouf Abdellatif , Hadj Taieb Nizar , Rhaima Mohamed , Mchiri Lassaad
Published: September 2023

An investigation of the input-to-state practical stability (ISpS) and the integral input-to-state practical stability (iISpS) of nonlinear systems with time delays (NSWTDs) is presented in this paper. The ISpS and iISpS of the systems are obtained by using a continuously differentiable Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) within-definite derivative, which generalizes the classical LKF with a positive definite derivative. As a result, the uniform practical asymptotic stability (UPAS) criteria of NSWTD were also given by using the proposed LKF.
An Analysis of the Gene Expression Associated with Lymph Node Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yang Hongjie , Liu Jiafei , Jiang Peishi , Li Peng , Zhou Yuanda , Zhang Zhichun , Zeng Qingsheng , Wang Min , Xiao Luciena Xiao , Zhang Xipeng , Sun Yi , Zhu Siwei
Published: September 2023

Objective. This study aimed to explore the genes regulating lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC) and to clarify their relationship with tumor immune cell infiltration and patient prognoses. Methods. The data sets of CRC patients were collected through the Cancer Gene Atlas database; the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with CRC lymph node metastasis were screened; a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed; the top 20 hub genes were selected; the Gene Ontology functions and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were enriched and analyzed. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression method was employed to further screen the characteristic genes associated with CRC lymph node metastasis in 20 hub genes, exploring the correlation between the characteristic genes and immune cell infiltration, conducting a univariate COX analysis on the characteristic genes, obtaining survival-related genes, constructing a risk score formula, conducting a Kaplan–Meier analysis based on the risk score formula, and performing a multivariate COX regression analysis on the clinical factors and risk scores. Results. A total of 62 DEGs associated with CRC lymph node metastasis were obtained. Among the 20 hub genes identified via PPI, only calcium-activated chloride channel regulator 1 (CLCA1) expression was down-regulated in lymph node metastasis, and the rest were up-regulated. A total of nine characteristic genes associated with CRC lymph node metastasis (KIF1A, TMEM59L, CLCA1, COL9A3, GDF5, TUBB2B, STMN2, FOXN1, and SCN5A) were screened using the LASSO regression method. The nine characteristic genes were significantly related to different kinds of immune cell infiltration, from which three survival-related genes (TMEM59L, CLCA1, and TUBB2B) were screened. A multi-factor COX regression showed that the risk scores obtained from TMEM59L, CLCA1, and TUBB2B were independent prognostic factors. Immunohistochemical validation was performed in tissue samples from patients with rectal and colon cancer. Conclusion. TMEM59L, CLCA1, and TUBB2B were independent prognostic factors associated with lymphatic metastasis of CRC.
Epidemiology of Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection among Diverse Chinese Adults in Typical Areas of China: Findings from the DLCC Study
Authors: Zhu Yingying , He Huijing , Zhu Xiaoli , Hu Yaoda , Yu Shuting , Diao Wenwen , Li Shuguang , Shan Guangliang , Chen Xingming
Published: September 2023

Background:

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a predominant cause of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. However, there is limited knowledge about the epidemiology of oral HPV infections among adults in China.

Methods:

We collected data from a prospective cohort that enrolled participants in Mainland China. A total of 9,867 participants ages at least 20 years provided oral swab specimens in typical areas of China (Hebei and Guangdong provinces) in 2021. HPV DNA in oral exfoliated cells was tested using nested PCR and sequencing. Prevalence among subpopulations was compared. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to assess possible factors influencing oral HPV infection.

Results:

The overall prevalence of oral HPV infection was 3.0% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.68–3.36]. Among those infected, 1.3% (1.08–1.53) were infected with high-risk HPV types. Men had a higher age-standardized HPV infection prevalence (3.6%, 2.96–4.29) compared with their female counterparts (2.7%, 2.35–3.12). People in Hebei had a higher age- and sex-standardized prevalence (4.1%, 3.50–4.70) than those in Guangdong (2.2%, 1.80–2.56). Generally, men (OR and 95% CI: 1.42, 1.09–1.85) and people in Hebei (2.01, 1.53–2.65) had higher odds of any type of HPV infection. In addition, people living in urban areas had a 2.15-fold (1.43–3.26) higher odds of high-risk HPV infection.

Conclusions:

This study reveals a low prevalence of oral HPV infection with significant geographic and sex differences among Chinese population.

Impact:

This is the first study to report the epidemiologic characteristics of oral HPV infection among Chinese adults in diverse geographic areas with large sample size.
FDA Approval Summary: Tremelimumab in Combination with Durvalumab for the Treatment of Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Patel Timil H. , Brewer Jamie R. , Fan Jiaxin , Cheng Joyce , Shen Yuan-Li , Xiang Yue , Zhao Hong , Lemery Steven J. , Pazdur Richard , Kluetz Paul G. , Fashoyin-Aje Lola A.
Published: September 2023

On October 21, 2022, the FDA approved tremelimumab (Imjudo) in combination with durvalumab for adult patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. The approval was based on the results from the HIMALAYA study, in which patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma who were naïve to previous systemic treatment were randomly assigned to receive one of three study arms: tremelimumab in combination with durvalumab (n = 393), durvalumab (n = 389), or sorafenib (n = 389). The primary objective of improvement in overall survival (OS) for tremelimumab in combination with durvalumab compared with sorafenib met statistical significance with a stratified HR of 0.78 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.66–0.92; P = 0.0035]. The median OS was 16.4 months (95% CI, 14.2–19.6) with tremelimumab in combination with durvalumab and 13.8 months (95% CI, 12.3–16.1) with sorafenib. Adverse reactions occurring in ≥20% of patients receiving tremelimumab in combination with durvalumab were rash, fatigue, diarrhea, pruritus, musculoskeletal pain, and abdominal pain. The recommended tremelimumab dose for patients weighing 30 kg or more is 300 mg, i.v., as a single dose in combination with durvalumab 1,500 mg at cycle 1/day 1, followed by durvalumab 1,500 mg, i.v., every 4 weeks. For those weighing less than 30 kg, the recommended tremelimumab dose is 4 mg/kg, i.v., as a single dose in combination with durvalumab 20 mg/kg, i.v., followed by durvalumab 20 mg/kg, i.v., every 4 weeks.