bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A systems framework for distance learning in engineering graduate programs
Authors: Badiru Adedeji B. , Jones Rochelle R.
Published: November 2011

Distance learning (DL) is undergoing a rapid growth in academia, business, industry, and the military. Recent technological developments in computer‐based training, along with shrinking internal resources, and rising industry interest in sustainable workforce development, provide a strong impetus for DL investments. Due to the multiplicity of efforts involved in planning and executing a DL program, it is imperative that organizations view this nontraditional mode of knowledge transfer from a systems perspective. This paper presents a coordination‐centric systems framework for implementing a DL program using the SIMILAR systems engineering process. The paper also suggests linking SIMILAR to two complementary models, Triple C and D‐E‐J‐I, to enhance the overall systems approach. Implementing DL from a systems view aids in identifying the interrelating components, resource interfaces, and improvements needed in techniques used to deliver educational material at a distance. The proposed framework is effective in assisting DL instructors, students, administrators, and other stakeholders to improve the learning environment and manage the complex interaction of people, technology, and instructional processes. Because of its large and diverse operational base, the military is embracing DL programs aggressively. An example is presented of the DL program for graduate systems engineering program at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng
Synthesis and Characterization of Acetone Hydrazones
Authors: Miró Sabaté Carles , Delalu Henri
Published: November 2011

1‐Isopropylidene‐2‐methylhydrazine (1), 1‐isopropylidene‐2‐hydroxyethylhydrazine (2) and 1‐isopropylidene‐2‐formylhydrazine (3) were synthesized by reaction of the corresponding hydrazine with an excess of acetone in the presence of a drying agent (anhydrous sodium sulfate or barium oxide). All compounds 1–3 were characterized by elemental analysis, coupled gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC–MS), multinuclear NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C and 15N) and vibrational spectroscopy (infrared and Raman). Compounds 1 and 2 are liquid at room conditions and their density was measured by means of a picnometer, however, (at room conditions) compound 3 is a solid and its crystal density and structure were determined by low temperature X‐ray diffraction techniques (monoclinic, P21/n, Z = 4, a = 5.666(1) Å, b = 6.254(1) Å, c = 15.277(4) Å, β = 91.30(2)°, V = 541.2(2) Å3). The structure of hydrazone 3 is discussed in detail and compared to that of monoformylhydrazine. Finally, the (gas phase) structure of compound 3 was optimized using DFT calculations (B3LYP/6‐31+G(d, p)) and its NBO charges are reported.
Housing, Race, and Recovery from Hurricane Katrina
Authors: Green Rodney D. , Kouassi Marie , Mambo Belinda
Published: November 2011

The destruction of private and public housing in New Orleans caused by Hurricane Katrina was greatest among African Americans due to historic settlement patterns. Data for 13 planning districts within Orleans Parish (the city of New Orleans proper) that document the extent of housing destruction, the distribution of population by race, and the share of returned population at 2 and 5 year points across these planning districts are evaluated using correlation analysis. The finding is that the return of African Americans to New Orleans is significantly less than that of other groups and is associated with the greater housing destruction in neighborhoods with the highest percentages of African Americans. An analysis of the structure and impact of the Road Home program for private housing and of the initiatives of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and the Housing Authority of New Orleans provides evidence of racial discriminatory policies and practices that contributed to the racial disparity in the African American return to New Orleans. It is suggested that political leaders paid more attention to the interests of developers and big businesses in the restoration of New Orleans than to the interests of the predominantly black working class in the city.
Functional Cardiotoxicity Profiling and Screening Using the xCELLigence RTCA Cardio System
Authors: Xi Biao , Wang Tianxing , Li Nan , Ouyang Wei , Zhang William , Wu Jieying , Xu Xiao , Wang Xiaobo , Abassi Yama A.
Published: November 2011

Cardiac safety testing of lead drug candidates is an important part of the drug discovery and development process. All new chemical entities need to be subjected to extensive preclinical assessment for cardiac liability, especially for a potentially fatal form of ventricular arrhythmia referred to as Torsades de Pointes. We have developed an innovative label-free, real-time system, the xCELLigence RTCA Cardio System, which is designed to monitor contractility of cardiomyocytes based on impedance measurement. The assay is performed using specially designed microtiter plates that are integrated with gold microelectrodes. The system was validated using mouse embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, and rat neonatal primary cardiomyocytes by applying a variety of tool compounds and drugs with known mechanisms of action. Our data show that the time resolution in the assay can provide important information about compound action. Furthermore, the impedance-based beating profile in response to compound treatment can provide mechanistic toxicity information regarding the target being modulated and may be able to flag pro-arrhythmic compounds. We believe the real-time and kinetic aspect of this technology combined with beat-to-beat measurement of cardiomyocyte contraction would make this instrument an important part of preclinical cardiac safety assessment.
Relationship Marketing Logic
Authors: Grönroos Christian
Published: November 2011

In modern Western economic history, the industrial revolution and the evolution of scientific management helped society to achieve other important goals and turned relationship thinking into a secondary issue. A mass-market orientation and the establishment of the middle-man in distribution channels, as well as specialisation and the division of labour, became top priorities. The dominance of the highly management-oriented marketing mix approach to marketing from the 1960s onwards, has not allowed for a relationship perspective either.

This article postulates six key aspects of a successfully implemented relationship marketing strategy: three strategic issues (service business orientation, process management perspective, partnership and network formation) and three tactical issues (direct customer contacts, customer databases, customer-oriented service system). Overall, relationship marketing is seen as a philosophy rather than a departmental function. A transition curve is described for getting from the second to the first.
Networks and Logistics
Authors: Christopher Martin
Published: November 2011

The emergence of the ‘network organisation’ is a recent phenomenon that has given rise to much comment and analysis. These ‘virtual’ organisations are characterised by a confederation of specialist skills or capabilities provided by the network members. It is argued that such collaborative arrangements provide a more effective means of satisfying customer needs at a profit than do single forms of organisation undertaking multiple value-creating activities. The implications of the network organisation for marketing management are considerable and, in particular, the challenges to logistics management are profound. This paper seeks to examine the bases upon which the effectiveness of network organisations can be enhanced through integrated supply chain management.
Our Present State of Ignorance in Relationship Marketing
Authors: Lehtinen Uolevi
Published: November 2011

In this paper I generate a number of questions and problematic issues that reveal our state of ignorance regarding relationship marketing. At the same time many suggestions for future research concerning relationship marketing arise. The questions vary from the total contribution of relationship marketing to the detailed practices of relationship marketing.

The discussion raises some general issues concerning many of the questions presented. These general issues are conceptualisation, level of analysis, modelling, measurement, time contextuality and contribution to theory and practice.
Fan Responses to Sporting Team Web Sites
Authors: Pope Nigel K.Ll. , Forrest Edward J.
Published: November 2011

Use of the Internet as a marketing communications tool is still not fully understood. This is equally true in the sport marketing area, despite an increase in the adoption of this technology by sporting teams and promoters. This paper reports the results of an exploratory investigation of user reactions to one sporting team Web site, using pre-existing scales of involvement and viewer-response to marketing communications. The results indicate that fans and those interested in a sporting team seek information from the Web site rather than entertainment. The aficionado, however, seeks neither of these and obtains brand reinforcement from the site. Methodological issues and further research are discussed.
Expression of proinflammatory, proatherogenic genes is reduced by the Mediterranean diet in elderly people
Authors: Camargo Antonio , Delgado-Lista Javier , Garcia-Rios Antonio , Cruz-Teno Cristina , Yubero-Serrano Elena M. , Perez-Martinez Pablo , Gutierrez-Mariscal Francisco M. , Lora-Aguilar Pilar , Rodriguez-Cantalejo Fernando , Fuentes-Jimenez Francisco , Tinahones Francisco Jose , Malagon Maria M. , Perez-Jimenez Francisco , Lopez-Miranda Jose
Published: November 2011

Ageing is an important determinant of atherosclerosis development rate, mainly by the creation of a chronic low-grade inflammation. Diet, and particularly its fat content, modulates the inflammatory response in the fasting and postprandial states. Our aim was to study the effects of dietary fat on the expression of genes related to inflammation (NF-κB, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1),TNF-αandIL-6) and plaque stability (matrix metalloproteinase 9,MMP-9) during the postprandial state of twenty healthy, elderly people who followed three diets for 3 weeks each: (1) Mediterranean diet (Med Diet) enriched in MUFA with virgin olive oil; (2) SFA-rich diet; and (3) low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet enriched inn-3 PUFA (CHO-PUFA diet) by a randomised crossover design. At the end of each period, after a 12-h fast, the subjects received a breakfast with a composition similar to the one when the dietary period ended. In the fasting state, the Med Diet consumption induced a lower gene expression of thep65subunit of NF-κB compared with the SFA-rich diet (P = 0·019). The ingestion of the Med Diet induced a lower gene postprandial expression ofp65(P = 0·033),MCP-1(P = 0·0229) andMMP-9(P = 0·041) compared with the SFA-rich diet, and a lower gene postprandial expression ofp65(P = 0·027) andTNF-α(P = 0·047) compared with the CHO-PUFA diet. Direct plasma quantification mostly reproduced the findings. Our data suggest that consumption of a Med Diet reduces the postprandial inflammatory response in mononuclear cells compared with the SFA-rich and CHO-PUFA diets in elderly people. These findings may be partly responsible for the lower CVD risk found in populations with a high adherence to the Med Diet.
“How Do We Write about This?” The Domestic and the Global in the Post-9/11 Novel
Authors: MORLEY CATHERINE
Published: November 2011

This article argues that far from marking a break in recent literary development, the terrorist attacks of 9/11 made less of an impact on American fiction than we often think. Critics have often accused writers after 9/11 of “retreating” into the domestic; in fact, domestic and individual narratives, often set against sweeping historical backgrounds, already dominated American writing in the late 1990s. At first, therefore, novelists handling the events of 9/11 framed them within the personal and the small-scale. In the last two years, however, writers such as Adam Haslett and Jonathan Franzen have begun publishing broader, more ambitious state-of-the-nation novels, explicitly addressing the United States' relationship with the Middle East and the impact of globalization. Yet in these novels, too, the global and the personal are tightly intertwined; again and again, writers are drawn to the domestic themes that have so often dominated American literature.
IX.—On the Dorter Range at Worcester Priory
Authors: Brakspear Harold
Published: November 2011

From the earliest times every monastery had buildings for different purposes used regularly by the inmates. The chief of these in the course of time and with the experience of use came to be systematically placed with respect to one another, and the plan of a square court surrounded by the chief buildings of the convent quickly became general.
III.—The Manor of Eia, or Eye next Westminster
Authors: Rutton Wm. Loftie
Published: November 2011

In the days of King Edward the Confessor the Manor of Eye next Westminster, entered as Eia in Domesday Book, was held of Queen Edith by William the Chamberlain. This William, to use the significant words of the record, lost the manor (manerium amisit) at the Conquest by William of Normandy, when it fell into the possession of Geoffrey de Manneville or Mandeville (latinized as Magna Villa), who, as perhaps chief of the Conqueror's companions in arms, profited in the acquisition of some 118 English manors, situated in ten counties, chiefly in Essex and Suffolk. This baron by many tenures, about twenty years after the Conquest, being in possession of the Manor of Eye adjoining the estate of the Abbey of Westminster, and no doubt desiring in a measure to atone for his misdeeds, gave the manor to the Abbey. He, in the words of the grant, “for his soul and the soul of Athelays his wife buried in the cloister of Saint Peter, where next to her he also was to be buried, and for the souls of his sons and daughters, gave to Saint Peter of Westminster the manor which near his church he had held, namely Eye, in perpetual heritage,” etc. The grant is undated.
IV.—On the Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London who have held the office of Director
Authors: Brabrook Edward William
Published: November 2011

Lord Carnarvon, in his Presidential Address of 1880, gave a list of Fellows who had held the office of Director. The list comprises the names of many men who distinguished themselves in the service of the Society; and I now submit to the Society such information as I have been able to get with respect to each of them.
XIV.—The Discovery of Prehistoric Pits at Peterborough and the Development of Neolithic Pottery
Authors: Abbott G. Wyman , Smith Reginald A.
Published: November 2011

The series of relics exhibited to the Society come from an early settlement at Peterborough, dating from a time when flint was in general use, perhaps before the introduction of metal, at least among the poorer inhabitants of the country. The site is a promontory rising out of the Fens and lying on the north-east side of the town. The river Nene joined the Fens about half a mile to the south-west of the site, which is only a few feet above sea-level, and was almost surrounded in times of flood. So far as can be determined at present, the extent of the settlement is several acres, but the ground has not yet been moved except on the west side, where unfortunately no observations were taken. There were no surface indications of human habitation, and no burrows noticed on the promontory or in its neighbourhood. The subsoil is gravel, fine and coarse, varying in depth from 8 to 10 feet. The top 18 inches of gravel, underlying the soil, is reddish brown, mixed with a reddish loam, which sometimes occupies natural pockets 3 to 8 feet deep, cutting down through the gravel and at times reaching the cornbrash below.
XVII.—On Italian Armour from Chalcis in the Ethnological Museum at Athens
Authors: Ffoulkes Charles , Traquair Ramsay
Published: November 2011

For some years past a collection of helmets and portions of plate armour has been exhibited in the Ethnological Museum at Athens which, in spite of the exceptional interest which attaches to it, has up to the present time escaped the serious consideration of writers on the subject of the defensive armour of the Middle Ages. It is especially interesting because, from the time of the discovery of the collection to the present day, there has not been any attempt to restore or alter the condition in which the pieces were found, and when we consider the frequent mistakes made formerly, in other armouries, in this direction, this alone should recommend it to the study of those interested in mediaeval equipment.
XXIII.— A Palaeolithic Industry at Northfleet, Kent
Authors: Smith Reginald A.
Published: November 2011

The general recognition of man's existence in this country during the deposition of the terrace-gravels of our southern rivers may be said to date from a paper read to this Society by Sir John Evans in 1859; and it was in the same year that McEnery's papers relating to his labours in Kent's Cavern were published, demonstrating the former presence of palaeolithic cave-man on this side of the Channel. The transition from river-drift to cave-deposits, on the other hand, has only recently been illustrated by a close study of the brick-earth deposit on High Lodge Hill near Mildenhall, Suffolk; and the present paper is intended to amplify the evidence for a Moustier period in England, and to bring our deposits of that horizon into still closer relation with the French. If a relative date is incidentally provided for a deposit that has long been somewhat of a mystery to geologists, and if in their turn geologists are moved to do something more for archaeology, the advantage will be considerable. The success that has recently attended what may be called ‘intensive geology’ in connexion with pleistocene man will no doubt find an echo in this country, and our wealth of material has certainly been used with greater advantage in the last few years. The boulder-clays, which are denied to France, should enable workers in this field to straighten out the connexion of man with the glacial period.
V.—Notes on the ‘Prison of Saint Catharine’ at Salamis in Cyprus
Authors: Myres John L.
Published: November 2011

The ‘Prison of Saint Catharine’ is an ancient monument on the outskirts of the ruins of Salamis, on the east coast of Cyprus. It consists of two chambers, of which the inner, rectangular with gable roof east-to-west and door at one end, is cut out of a single block of limestone, and roofed with another, which projects slightly above the modern surface of the ground. The junction of the two blocks is about half-way up the gable roof. The outer chamber is much larger and lies transversely to the inner, with its long axis north and south, and the inner chamber door in the middle of its west wall. Nearly opposite in the east wall is the outer entrance, approached from ground-level by a descent of rough steps, between walls of large squared masonry, now much damaged. The walls of the outer chamber consist of enormous upright slabs, crowned by a massive cornice, of a wide cavetto between two fillets, of which the upper projects considerably beyond the lower. On this cornice rests a semicircular vault of very large stones, the largest of which are set on end and occupy as much as a third of the vault. Within, they are carefully dressed, like the wall surfaces, but outside they were left rough, and have suffered further damage from exposure. They were not, however, intended to be seen, for there are remains of an outer casing of massive squared masonry, consisting of a cornice below, of the same profile as that of the vaulted chamber; and over this a plinth of three courses, the upper and lower plain, the middle bearing a simple cyma moulding, convex above. One course of the wall face is traceable still above the plinth, about half-way up the vault. The ends of the vault above the cornice are filled with rough walling, mostly recent, but including a number of stones from the plinth. A breach in the north wall serves as an entrance now, with a modern flight of steps. The building is now buried up to the level of the cornice and the great roof-slab, in a low mound; but the natural ground-level is only about a metre lower.
XIII.—Mary de Sancto Paulo, Foundress of Pembroke College, Cambridge
Authors: Jenkinson Hilary
Published: November 2011

It is natural that in the period of nearly six hundred years that has elapsed since the foundation of her college some of those who have had part in the Countess of Pembroke's beneficence should have attempted to put together materials for her life. The most definite effort was made on the occasion of the college's quincentenary in 1847 by the then Master, Dr. Gilbert Ainslie. Dr. Ainslie, who was responsible for the excellent arrangement and catalogue by which the Pembroke deeds are still referred to, wrote out his results in a manuscript book which is now in the possession of the college. His critical acumen, as seen in this work, is wholly admirable: he realized and corrected numerous errors, some of which have continued in printed books down to the present time. He also covered, in his search for information, a very wide ground. This last, however, did not include original documents except (the exception is a large one, it is true) the college muniments and possibly some British Museum and other library manuscripts: the Public Records he knew, as a rule, only from Rymer, the Record Commission publications, and the like; and there are, of course, many printed authorities now in existence which he would gladly have consulted.
VI.—On Portions of a ‘Temporale’ of 1350–1380
Authors: Browne George Forrest
Published: November 2011

Some ten years ago, there was brought to me in Bristol a bundle of dirty and ragged old parchments, which I bought on the chance of their proving to have some interest when straightened out and cleared of dust and dirt. They were evidently parts of a service book of some kind, and they had on them some writing in an ordinary hand of the middle of the sixteenth century. I did what I could to put them in order, and then I showed them to Dr. Warner at the British Museum.
VII.—General William Roy and his ‘Military Antiquities of the Romans in North Britain’
Authors: Macdonald George
Published: November 2011

More than a hundred and twenty years ago the Society of Antiquaries of London conferred a great and lasting obligation on students of the history of Scotland during the Roman period. At its own charges, and without reasonable hope of pecuniary return, it published in a splendid folio the manuscripts and drawings that had been handed over to it by the executors of Major-General Roy. The pomp and circumstance surrounding the issue immediately secured for The Military Antiquities of the Romans in North Britain the place which it has ever since held in public esteem—a place to which, upon the whole, its intrinsic merits fairly entitle it. Roy was at once a zealous antiquary and a shrewd and capable observer, with a thorough knowledge of military engineering. It is true that the data on which his main thesis rests were too slight to support the elaborate superstructure of which they were made the basis. It is true also that his treatment of a large part of his subject was vitiated by his seemingly implicit belief in the genuineness of Bertram's egregious hoax, the De Situ Britanniae} Still, when every allowance has been made for the defects that inevitably resulted, his book remains one of our archaeological classics. As a storehouse of trustworthy topographical information regarding Roman sites, it can never be entirely superseded.
IX.—Second Report on the Hal-Tarxien Excavations, Malta
Authors: Zammit T.
Published: November 2011

During the financial year 1916-17 the Tarxien remains were further cleared, the work continuing from the last week of April 1916 to the 12th September of that year (see Plan, fig. 1).
XVII.—On a Morse Ivory Tau Cross Head of English work of the Eleventh Century
Authors: Read Charles H.
Published: November 2011

The beautiful ivory carving exhibited by the Rev. A. H. Williams (Plate XXVII.) is not only an object of great rarity, but is of exceptional interest from the fact that it is an altogether admirable example of the work of our Saxon ancestors before the Norman Conquest. Although from age and long burial much of its original glory has vanished, enough remains to excite admiration at the cunning skill of the craftsman who fashioned it.
II.—On the Brass of Sir Hugh Hastings in Elsing Church, Norfolk
Authors: Hartshorne Albert , Hope W.H. St. John
Published: November 2011

On a casual visit to the Fitzwilliam Museum on 24th October, 1904, a small brass, part of a larger one, was immediately recognised by the writer, from its resemblance to its noble confrères, as one of the long missing latten figures in the niched series forming the supports of the canopy of the great brass of Sir Hugh Hastings, in Elsing church, Norfolk, namely that of Roger, Lord Grey of Ruthin.
II—Flint Implements of Special Interest
Authors: Smith Reginald A.
Published: November 2011

In dealing with Stone Age industries it is a sound principle to judge by the mass from a single site, as exceptional forms may be purely accidental and differ in date from similar pieces found elsewhere. But this method does not justify the neglect of rare specimens, which may unexpectedly amplify or correct the impression gained by even the most careful study of a large and commonplace series. To emphasize the occasional value of exceptional products, several specimens for which special importance is claimed have been selected during the last few years, and the Society is indebted to their respective owners for putting them on exhibition when this paper was read. Some have since been generously presented to the British Museum.
X. Some Unpublished Plans of Dover Harbour
Authors: Minet William
Published: November 2011

Dover has been both fortunate and unfortunate. Its misfortunes it has shared with the other harbours on the south-east coast, and if its fortune has been to escape the fate which has overwhelmed them, this is due solely to its proximity to the opposite shore, and the consequent necessity of preserving it as a port of passage, an end which has only been achieved by a continuing expenditure of public money; nor is the tale, as some think, even yet all told.
IX.—On a Late-Celtic Mirror found at Desborough, Northants, and other Mirrors of the Period
Authors: Smith Reginald A.
Published: November 2011

Ironstone-digging for commercial purposes has resulted in numerous archaeological discoveries over wide areas in Northants and Rutland, as well as in certain parts of adjoining counties, but the conditions of the work render supervision difficult and delay practically impossible. The rescue of antiquities from time to time by the workmen must therefore be considered as a lucky accident, and it is only occasionally that trustworthy information as to the association of objects can be obtained. Still rarer is the preservation of an artistic specimen in a fairly perfect state, and the recent discovery of an Early British bronze mirror at Desborough is therefore notable on more than one account.
IV.—The Perforated Axe-hammers of Britain
Authors: Smith Reginald A.
Published: November 2011

A Natural tendency to regard perforated axe-hammers as belonging to the Neolithic period, the Age of polished stone, is soon corrected by a study of the available evidence, which shows that most of the specimens found in Britain date from the Bronze Age, several having been discovered in association with that metal. If any reliance can be placed on the division of the Bronze Age into two parts, characterized respectively by inhumation and cremation, in that order, then it is clear that axe-hammers cover practically the whole of the period, extending over some fifteen centuries. The lower limit is not at present fixed; but there are primitive examples that from their form and method of boring may well be assigned to the Late Stone Age, and there is reason to believe that at least one type was introduced during the period of transition to Bronze—that is, in the Copper or Aeneolithic period.
VI.—Fromond's Chantry at Winchester College
Authors: Chitty Herbert
Published: November 2011

John Fromond's chantry chapel stands in the garth of the cloisters at Winchester College, and is now commonly known to the inmates of the college by the brief name of ‘Chantry’ (pl. XXI, fig. 1).

The college was founded by William of Wykeham, bishop of Winchester, in 1382: its buildings were first occupied by the warden and scholars in March 1394; and on St. Kenelm's day (17 July) 1395, the college chapel, and the cloisters which lie on its south side, were consecrated by Wykeham's suffragan. Simon, bishop of the Irish see of Achonry. The cloister garth, which was included in this consecration, was intended to be the college cemetery. John Fromond, who died on 20 November 1420, and his widow Maud, who died in or before April 1422, were buried, as he had desired, in one grave in the middle of the garth, and the chantry was afterwards built over their grave by his executors.
VIII.—The Warden Abbey and Chichester Croziers
Authors: Dalton O. M. , Mitchell H. P. , Couchman J. E.
Published: November 2011

This graceful crozier-head (pi. xxxvn, fig. 1) was found in December 1838 in a stone coffin containing an imperfect skeleton, on ground to the north-east of the cloisters supposed to have been the cemetery of the Abbey.

It is of latten, and cast hollow, as may be seen in a damaged part on one side of the volute. The stem is eight-sided; in place of a socket at the base, it has a tang driven into the top of the wooden staff, a short piece of which is preserved; above the tang is a moulding. In respect of the octagonal crosssection and the use of a tang in place of a socket, this example recalls the larger of those found at St. Davids (Archaeologia, lx, pl. LIII). Over the wood of the staff is passed a detached latten knop, above which is twisted a narrow band of metal to prevent splitting.2 The metal has been gilded. The two holes in the leaf may possibly have been filled by beads of coloured glass, or originally left empty as they now are.
IV.—Stratification at Swanscombe: Report on Excavations made on behalf of the British Museum and H. M. Geological Survey
Authors: Smith Reginald A. , Dewey Henry
Published: November 2011

One of the finest gravel-pits in the world for flint implements is in process of extinction, and a final opportunity has been given for studying its stratification with a view to classifying, however roughly, the thousands of specimens from this site that have passed into public and private collections both at home and abroad. Every collector is familiar with the name of Swanscombe, a village on the south bank of the Thames between Dartford and Gravesend, and many have procured implements from the workmen on the spot without realizing to the full the necessity of fixing the horizon of each, if their purchases are to be of scientific value.
I.—The Wardrobe and Household Accounts of Bogo de Clare, a.d. 1284–6.
Authors: Giuseppi M. S.
Published: November 2011

Bogo de Clare, whose private expenditure forms the subject of the present paper, was a son of Richard de Clare, earl of Gloucester and Hertford, and a younger brother of Gilbert who succeeded his father in those earldoms in 1261.
II.—A Set of Elizabethan Heraldic Roundels in the British Museum
Authors: Griffin Ralph , Stephenson Mill
Published: November 2011

In the year 1880 Mr. R. W. Binns of Worcester exhibited a painted panel of arms belonging to the Hadley Bowling Club. Mr., afterwards Sir Wollaston, Franks made some remarks on the arms which will be found in Proceedings, viii, 259. At the end of his remarks Mr. Franks called attention to a set of roundels or counters in the British Museum bearing the arms of peers of the reign of Elizabeth of about the date 1587, which corresponded nearly exactly with those on the Hadley panel, which it has been suggested was painted to commemorate the queen's visit to Worcester in 1575. Mr. Franks remarked of these roundels that he did not know of any similar set, and up to the present time none such has been noted, so that for the time being they may be spoken of as unique. No representations of the panel nor of the roundels were published in the Proceedings. By permission of the Keeper of the Medieval Department photographs of the counters have been taken and are now exhibited.
II.—On an Examination of the Grave of St. Cuthbert in Durham Cathedral Church, in March, 1899
Authors: Fowler J.T.
Published: November 2011

Our Fellow and Local Secretary, Canon Greenwell, has recently devoted much time, thought, and labour to the piecing together of the broken portions of St. Cuthbert's coffin that were removed from the grave in 1827. Special attention having thus been directed to the matter, it was thought desirable that another examination of the grave should be made in order to recover, if possible, some of the missing fragments. For Dr. Raine expressly states that the new coffin provided in 1827 was “deposited in the bottom of the original grave, upon a mass of broken wood, iron rings, and iron bars, the remnants of the two outer coffins of the Saint, which had been thrown into the grave.” It was further considered that an examination of the human remains might throw some light upon the longdisputed question of the identity of the body that was placed in the grave in 1542 with that of St. Cuthbert, which had for nearly 840 years been enclosed in the coffin. After many delays, caused by the strong feeling in the minds of some whose objections rightly carried great weight, it was decided that the grave should be opened, the coffin of 1542 carefully raised, the other contents of the grave taken out, and the coffin returned to its place with its contents undisturbed.
VIII.—A Byzantine Silver Treasure from the district of Kerynia, Cyprus, now preserved in the British Museum
Authors: Dalton Ormonde M.
Published: November 2011

The treasure described in the following notes was discovered a few years ago in a mound near the monastery ofAcheripoetos(Aχειροποιητός), which is situated about six miles west of Kerynia, on the north coast of the island. It originally consisted of three larger objects and about thirty-six spoons, and the whole, with the exception of eleven or twelve spoons, has been acquired by the British Museum. The larger objects are a flat dish, possibly a paten; a basin; and a hexagonal vessel for suspension which was perhaps used as a lamp or censer.
II.—Jousting Cheques of the Sixteenth Century
Authors: Ffoulkes Charles
Published: November 2011

In considering the regulations which governed the scoring of the different points in joust or tourney we have certain materials preserved to us which are at once interesting and useful but at the same time confusing in the extreme. These materials consist of written or printed rules and regulations, either of a general nature or framed for some particular contest, sample ‘cheques’ or score sheets, and also actual scores of the points made at certain jousts.
IX.—An Alabaster Table of the Annunciation with the Crucifix: a Study in English Iconography
Authors: Hildburgh W.L.
Published: November 2011

The Kunstgewerbe Museum at Cologne contains a peculiarly interesting example of medieval English alabaster carving, enclosed in what seems to be its original painted wooden case. A few years ago Dr. Carl Schaefer, who was then in charge of the Wallraf-Richartz Museum, found it cast aside in a store-room of that institution, and, having recognized its nature and origin, exhibited it for a little time in one of the galleries; afterwards, he had it removed to the Kunstgewerbe Museum, of which he was director, where it more properly belonged. I saw it in June 1922, soon after it had first been exhibited, and, at my request, Dr. Schaefer courteously had made for me the two photographs (pi. XLV, figs. 1 and 2) herewith reproduced.
XI.—The Inscribed and Sculptured Stones of Lindisfarne
Authors: Peers C.R.
Published: November 2011

In March 1915 I made a short communication to the Society on two gravestones recently found in the ruins of Lindisfarne Priory. The works of repair, in the course of which these stones came to light, have since been continued, with such interruptions as may easily be understood, and are now nearly finished. Other gravestones of the same class have been found from time to time, and a good many fragments of standing crosses and cross-slabs, in addition to those already known, have been added to the collection in the little museum on Holy Island, and it has seemed to me that the time has now come when some general account of these stones may be attempted.
VII.—The Bosses on the Vault of the Quire of Winchester Cathedral
Authors: Cave C.J.P.
Published: November 2011

The internal vaulted roof of the presbytery of Winchester Cathedral is ornamented with a series of ninety-seven carved wooden bosses (pl. xxvi). They are not only interesting in themselves, but they are thought to throw some light on the date of the roof itself. In any case they are worthy of careful study.
XIV.—Charters of the Manor of Meonstoke
Authors: Kirby T. F.
Published: November 2011

The Winchester College manor of Meonstoke is an agglomeration of the principal manor of the parish, known at one time as Meonstoke Perrers, after the mistress of Edward III., with another manor in the same parish, formerly known as Meonstoke Ferraunt, and some freeholds, all of which were the gift of William of Wykeham to his college near the end of the fourteenth century. The tenure is copyhold of inheritance, and the descent is to the youngest, which was probably the prevailing custom of the Meon Valley at that time. There is, however, another little manor in the same parish, the manor of Meonstoke Parsonage, in which the tenure is copyhold for lives without power of renewal, and the tenements are chattels real passing to the legal personal representative. The consolidation was doubtless by the college steward for convenience of management. The statute Quia Emptores did not prevent it, and it was an easy thing to include the freeholds.
XX.—Some Notes on the Heraldic Glass in Great Malvern Priory Church
Authors: Paul Roland W.
Published: November 2011

In the latter half of the fifteenth century great changes took place in the fabric of the priory church at Great Malvern, and by the beginning of the sixteenth century it had been transformed from what was largely, if not entirely, a Norman church to one of Perpendicular character. With the exception of a doorway on the south side of the nave, the nave arcade, and the bases of the piers that support the central tower, there are no evidences of work prior to the alteration. To this rebuilding both Richard III. and Henry VII. are said to have contributed, the west window of the nave is said to have been the gift of the former and the north window of the transept that of the latter, besides a very long list of benefactors, members of well-known families of the day, local and otherwise; and it is therefore not surprising that even in its present comparatively mutilated state the decorative work in this church is among the finest in England of its date, and the glass and encaustic tiles practically unsurpassed for beauty and interest.
XIII. —Some Notes on Fourteenth Century Conveyancing.
Authors: Kirby T.F.
Published: November 2011

The thing that struck me most when I began to handle documents of this period at Winchester College was the number of instruments that go to complete a sale of land. Nowadays, one multipartite deed suffices for the conveyance of any quantity of land. At the time that I am speaking of deeds were, generally speaking, unipartite, and perhaps half a dozen feoffments, letters of attorney, releases, and deeds of confirmation were required to produce the same result. In the fourteenth century, and for many years on either side of it, the transfer of freehold property was effected by “livery of seisin,” that is, by delivery of the feudal possession, preceded by a writing on parchment, called a feoffment, which transferred to the purchaser the right to the feudal possession. The feoffor set his seal in the presence of witnesses to a writing, averring that he had given and confirmed the property to the feoffee and his heirs, and that the feoffor and his heirs would warrant, acquit, and for ever defend the feoffee and his heirs against all comers. This warranty of title gave the feoffee a right of action against the feoffor in case of disturbance, and was superseded in due course by covenants for title.
XVI.—The Linares Bas-Relief and Roman Mining Operations in Baetica.
Authors: Sandars Horace
Published: November 2011

At a short distance from the Saltus Castulonensis, one of the northernmost points of the Sierra Morena, in the Province of Jaen (Spain), the mountains become blended, to the east, with a seines of ranges running with a southerly trend towards the Sierra Nevada. This, in its turn, is merged into other ranges that stretch their arms to the coast of the Mediterranean on the south; while their main body continues to the west towards the mouth of the River Baetis, and terminates in a series of elevations, which include those known to the Romans as the Ilipula Mountains, the Alpujarras of modern times. From, my point of departure, and to turn again to the north, the Sierra Morena, which the Romans knew as the Montes Mariani, stretches away in a south-westerly direction, broken here and there by valleys and gorges, but still forming a continuous range, until it dips into the sea on the eastern side of the River Anas, the Guadiana of modern geography. These mountain ranges, or rather groups of ranges, form the eastern and western watersheds of the River Baetis. Indeed, they may be said to form the casket which encloses the jewel of the Spanish peninsula, the rich, the fertile, the beautiful Baetica of the Romans, the Andalucia of to-day.
Weighted estimates for solutions of a Sturm–Liouville equation in the space L1(ℝ)
Authors: Chernyavskaya N. A. , El-Natanov N. , Shuster L. A.
Published: November 2011

We consider the equation

where

Under these conditions, (1) is correctly solvable in L1(ℝ), i.e.

(i) for any function f ∈ L1(ℝ), there exists a unique solution of (1), y ∈ L1(ℝ);

(ii) there is an absolute constant c1 ∈ (0, ∞) such that the solution of (1),

In this work we strengthen the a priori inequality (1). We find minimal requirements for a given weight function θ ∈ Lloc1(ℝ) under which the solution of (1), y ∈ L1(ℝ), satisfies the estimate

where c2 is some absolutely positive constant.
Field Recordings of Former South London Windmills
Authors: Scott Dan
Published: November 2011

This is an essay exploring issues of essentialism, sound-in-itself and representation that were central to a project I completed in 2010. It covers this project in the context of theory and work by Seth Kim-Cohen, CREED, Don Ihde and Annea Lockwood.

The field recording is often presented in sound art as an unproblematic account of a sonic event or environment. It also prompts a particular kind of listening that approaches the sound as somehow real or accurate. This article, and my work in general, problematises this encounter and seeks to uncover the various approaches to listening that occur when dealing with field recordings, as well as the possibilities within field recordings for exploring essentialism, imagined sound and the conceptual.
Carbon and oxygen net community production in the eastern tropical Atlantic estimated from a moored buoy
Authors: Lefèvre Nathalie , Merlivat Liliane
Published: November 2011

A mooring at 6°S, 10°W has been equipped with an oxygen optode and a Carioca sensor for monitoring hourly oxygen (O2) and the fugacity of CO2 (fCO2) at 1.5 m depth since June 2006. Due to biofouling, the oxygen time series lasted between 72 days in 2008 to 159 days in 2009. Using an alkalinity‐salinity relationship determined for the area, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is calculated. Short‐term and long‐term net community productions (NCP) are calculated using a mass balance approach for DIC and O2 under the assumption of no mixing conditions. The mooring site is always supersaturated in oxygen except in 2007 when depleted oxygen waters are observed from June to September, during the upwelling season. Averaging all the short time events, NCP calculated from the rates of changes of O2 and DIC leads to a NCP of 16.6 ± 6.1 mmol C m−2d−1, ranging from 14.7 mmol C m−2d−1 in 2008 to 17.4 mmol C m−2d−1 in 2006. The mean daily oxygen biological production rate determined over the whole time series shows a significant year to year variability with 7.5 mmol C m−2d−1 in 2008 to 15.6 mmol C m−2d−1 in 2009. A photosynthetic quotient ranging between 1.0 to 1.3 has been determined when both carbon and oxygen NCP values are available.
Ocean deoxygenation: Past, present, and future
Authors: Falkowski Paul G. , Algeo Thomas , Codispoti Lou , Deutsch Curtis , Emerson Steven , Hales Burke , Huey Raymond B. , Jenkins William J. , Kump Lee R. , Levin Lisa A. , Lyons Timothy W. , Nelson Norman B. , Schofield Oscar S. , Summons Roger , Talley Lynne D. , Thomas Ellen , Whitney Frank , Pilcher Carl B.
Published: November 2011

To a first order, the oxygen content of the ocean interior is determined by the influx of the gas across the air‐sea surface (i.e., ventilation) and consumption due primarily to microbial respiration. As these two competing processes vary in space and time, so does the concentration of oxygen in the ocean interior. Although oxygen concentrations on continental margins are declining in many regions due to increased anthropogenic nutrient loadings [e.g., Rabalais et al., 2002], oxygen also appears to be declining in both the central North Pacific Ocean and the tropical oceans worldwide [Emerson et al., 2004; Whitney et al., 2007; Keeling et al., 2010] (see Figure 1). It is unclear whether the loss throughout the basins in the open ocean is a long‐term, nonperiodic (secular) trend related to climate change, the result of natural cyclical processes, or a combination of both (Figure 2). If related to climate change, a number of important factors may be involved, including decreased solubility of oxygen as waters warm, decreased ventilation at high latitudes associated with increased ocean stratification, and changes in respiration in the ocean interior.
Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository prompts heated congressional hearing
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: November 2011

Although the final report of the Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future is not expected until January 2012, the tentative conclusions of the commission's draft report were dissected during a recent joint hearing by two subcommittees of the House of Representatives' Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. Among the more heated issues debated at the hearing was the fate of the stalled Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository in Nevada. The Blue Ribbon Commission's (BRC) draft report includes recommendations for managing nuclear waste and for developing one or more permanent deep geological repositories and interim storage facilities, but the report does not address the future of Yucca Mountain. The BRC charter indicates that the commission is to “conduct a comprehensive review of policies for managing the back end of the nuclear fuel cycle.” However, the draft report states that the commission was not asked to consider, and therefore did not address, several key issues. “We have not rendered an opinion on the suitability of the Yucca Mountain site or on the request to withdraw the license application for Yucca Mountain,” the draft report states.