bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Condition and Trends of Crimes Committed in Public Places
Authors: Afanasyeva Olga , Goncharova Maria , Shiyan Valentina
Published: February 2020

The success of prevention greatly depends on its proper support by research. In the present situation with crime counteraction, it is impossible to achieve substantial results without using the advances of research. Criminological research of different types of crimes makes it possible to focus on their specific features. The authors of the article analyze the current situation with crimes committed in public places and their trends. It is noted that a third of all crimes in official statistics was committed in public places; their structure is dominated by theft, plunder and illegal drug trade. The general reduction of the level of crime in public places, characteristic for 2016, was accompanied by a growth in the number of crimes in the sphere of illegal trade in arms, drugs, and the number of thefts. The authors pay special attention to street crimes (summarize criminological approaches to the concept of «street crime», show its dynamics, structure, consequences, influence on the situation with public order and public safety, socio-psychological state of the society and the assessment of the work of the police). The results of researching crimes in public places at the regional level are presented. Using the analysis of statistical data from State Information and Analytical Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the authors state that the Central Federal District is one of the most problematic from the criminal viewpoint in the country. A high coefficient of crimes in public places is observed in the Siberian, Far East, Ural Federal Districts. Key modern trends of crimes in public places include: a dominant share of crimes against property; unlawful use of modern information and communication technologies for criminal purposes; links with transnational organized crime; a steady trend for a younger age of persons who commit crimes of this type. The results of the conducted research make it possible to determine new criminal challenges, identify priorities of preventive work, use and develop measures aimed at improving the counteraction not only to crimes in public places, but to crimes in general.
Specific Personality Characteristics of Prisoners Convicted for Terrorism and Extremism Crimes
Authors: Kazberov Pavel , Spasennikov Boris , Tyunkov Vladislav
Published: February 2020

The authors have analyzed personal characteristics of prisoners convicted for terrorism and extremism crimes. They present the results of surveying 700 such convicts in 490 penitentiary institutions in 2015–2019 using the Standardized Multiphasic Personality Inventory (SMPI) — the Russian version of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. The authors examine the generalized profile indicators of the key scales of the Standardized Multiphasic survey of convicts prosecuted for extremism and terrorism crimes, as well as the profile indicators of three separate sub-groups of convicts: persons convicted for terrorism activities; persons convicted for extremism activities; persons convicted for extremism-terrorism activities (mixed type). Research results made it possible to state that, in order to achieve the goals of punishment for this category of persons, it is necessary to correct the corresponding personality characteristics of convicts in each sub-group. The obtained data were used to work out and implement into Russian penitentiary practice the recommendations on optimizing the achievement of the goals of punishment for these convicts. The authors were able to provide answers for some of the urgent questions on determining the specific personality characteristics of convicts guilty of such crimes. The obtained materials did not prove the thesis that the dominant share of these persons have acute accentuation of character and psychological health disorders, or that they demonstrate a readiness to violence based on their inclination to aggression and destruction. The materials, presented in the form of graphs and numbers, are ready for an independent interpretation by Russian or foreign criminologists who do not have an opportunity to survey such numbers of convicts in penitentiary institutions. The obtained data make it possible to identify persons inclined to terrorism and extremism activities on the basis of psychological profiling before they commit crimes.
Violencia sutil y celos en una relación de pareja en estudiantes de una universidad pública de Lima Este
Authors: Peña Tasayco Cynthia , Ticlla Sánchez Deyli , Adriano Rengifo Cristian
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: Determinar la relación significativa entre violencia sutil y celos en una relación de pareja en estudiantes de una universidad pública de Lima Este. Metodología: Se utilizó el diseño no experimental de corte transversal y de alcance correlacional. Asimismo, se manejó un muestreo no probabilístico intencional, conformado por 242 jóvenes de ambos sexos con edades de 18 a 27 años. Los instrumentos utilizados para la recolección de datos fueron la Escala de Violencia Encubierta (EVE) de Lascorz (2015) y el Inventario Multidimensional de Celos (Diaz-Loving et al. 1989). Resultados: Evidenciaron que existe una asociación altamente significativa entre violencia sutil y celos (P<.001). Se encontró que el 75.6% de los participantes manifestó haber utilizado en alguna ocasión en su vida violencia sutil con sus parejas; de la misma forma el 66.1% de los estudiantes es propensa a demostrar comportamientos inadecuados al percibir o malinterpretar la interacción de su pareja con sus pares. Conclusiones: Se comprobó que existe una asociación altamente significativa entre violencia sutil y celos, demostrando que ambas variables coexisten de forma activa en una relación de pareja.
Factores relacionados con los eventos adversos por medicamentos en niños hospitalizados en una institución de Salud en Sucre 2014-2018
Authors: Martínez Reyes Cielo , Horta Murcia María , Martínez Vergara Carmen , Osorio Loaiza Sandra , Vinasco Isaza Julián Esteban
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: Determinar los factores relacionados con los eventos adversos por medicamentos enniños hospitalizados en una institución de salud de Sucre-Colombia. Material y métodos: Estudioobservacional descriptivo, retrospectivo y relacional, en el que se analizaron 20 niños que tuvieron23 Eventos Adversos por Medicamentos entre enero de 2014 y junio de 2018. Resultados. 45% delos niños eran menores de un año de edad y 91,3% eran polimedicalizados. El EAM más frecuentefue la flebitis química con un 34,78%. 91,30% eran prevenibles, porque fueron consecuencia de fallashumanas como error en la prescripción (13,04%), dispensación (13,04%), aplicación del medicamentoequivocado (30,43%), dilución incorrecta (13,04%), no se verificó la permeabilidad del acceso venoso(8,7%) y 17,3% fueron EAM trazadores, es decir, se cometieron equivocaciones en varias fasesdel proceso. 43,47% ocurrieron en la noche. Hubo un EAM centinela y un 65,22% fueron leves. Nohubo evidencia del seguimiento que hizo enfermería después del EAM en un 65,22% de los casos.Hubo relación estadística entre la prolongación de la estancia (p=0,018), la prescripción (p=0,018),errores de enfermería (p=0,0023) y sitio anatómico afectado (p=0,001) con la ocurrencia de los EAM.Conclusiones. Los EAM siempre están presentes, pues son implícitos al cuidado; su prevencióndepende del compromiso institucional, de los profesionales ante el correcto cumplimiento de su labory de involucrar a los cuidadores y al mismo paciente en su seguridad.
Estrés laboral, hábitos alimentarios y estado nutricional antropométrico en trabajadores administrativos y operativos de una clínica privada de Lima, 2018
Authors: Manzano Huaracallo Juan
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre estrés laboral, hábitos alimentarios y estado nutricionalantropométrico en los trabajadores administrativos y operativos de una clínica privada de Lima.Metodología: Estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, corte transversal, diseño no experimental, y tipodescriptivo correlacional. Se estudió una muestra de 150 trabajadores adultos, divididos enadministrativos y operativos, seleccionados por muestreo no probabilístico intencional. Instrumentos:Se aplicaron encuestas de estrés laboral de la OIT y de hábitos alimentarios, además de evaluaciónnutricional antropométrica. Resultados: Los participantes mostraron bajos niveles de estrés laboral,siendo 93.3% para los trabajadores operativos y 94.7% para los administrativos; también presentaronhábitos alimentarios adecuados en 72% y 66.7% respectivamente; finalmente 44% de trabajadoresoperativos presentaron sobrepeso, mientras que 60% de administrativos tenía un IMC normal. Seevidenció que para el personal administrativo existe correlación estadísticamente significativa entrelas variables (p<.05), más no para el grupo operativo (p>.05). Conclusión: El estrés laboral y loshábitos alimentarios de los trabajadores administrativos tuvieron un impacto en su estado nutricional,más no en los trabajadores operativos, sin embargo, ambos grupos presentaron bajos niveles deestrés y hábitos alimentarios adecuados; por tanto, los ambientes laborales saludables podrían tienenun impacto positivo en la salud de los mismos.
Evidence for pre-Pleistocene landforms in the Eastern Alps: Geomorphological constraints from the Gurktal Alps
Authors: Bartosch Thorsten , Stüwe Kurt
Published: February 2020

We present evidence for a series of pre-Pleistocene landforms on hand of a new geomorphological map for the Gurktal region of the Eastern Alps. The Gurktal Alps region is the westernmost region of the Eastern Alps that escaped the glacial reshaping in the Pleistocene. Its morphology therefore preserves evidence of older landforms in closer proximity to the central part of the range than any other region in the Alps. The region is therefore useful to document aspects of the geomorphological evolution for the Eastern Alps during both, the Pleistocene glaciations and the earlier uplift history. Our mapping approach is twofold. We applied stream-power analysis outside the glacially overprinted areas to detect and classify spatially distinct quasi-stable stream segments, which we expanded to planar objects using slope analysis combined with field mapping. Our mapping results document four palaeo-surfaces located roughly at about 1500 m, 1200 m, 900 m and about 800 m above sea level. We correlate these levels with well-known palaeo-surfaces from the eastern end of the Alps and suggest that they can be interpreted in terms of more than 1000 m of surface uplift in the last six million years. Channel analysis and the distribution of Pleistocene gravel terraces suggest that the main trunk of the river Gurk was diverted from the Wimitz valley in the Rissian. Furthermore, steam-power analysis documents an ongoing activity of the Görschitztal fault and some inferred Pleistocene activity of a north-west trending fault close to the township of Gurk.
Problem NATO w relacjach niemiecko-ukraińskich w XXI wieku. Zarys zagadnienia
Authors: Drzewicki Artur
Published: February 2020

Zakres i intensywność współpracy między RFN i Ukrainą, mimo dużych oczekiwań i nadziei wyrażanych przede wszystkim przez stronę ukraińską, w pierwszych dwóch dekadach XXI wieku nie osiągnął zbyt wysokiego poziomu. Władze niemieckie nie tylko nie wypracowały w tym okresie jasno sprecyzowanej koncepcji politycznej wobec tego kraju, ale stały się nawet jednym z głównych zwolenników realizacji zasady Russia First. Konieczność uwzględnienia przez Berlin przesłanek determinowanych znaczeniem Moskwy dla europejskiego i światowego bezpieczeństwa jest stałym czynnikiem warunkującym pozycję Niemiec w kwestii rozszerzenia NATO o Ukrainę, bez uwzględnienia którego nie można w sposób właściwy zdiagnozować dynamiki relacji niemiecko-ukraińskich. Stanowisko Berlina w tej kwestii charakteryzuje wyraźnie niezmiennie negatywne podejście. Podczas trwającego od 2014 r. rosyjsko-ukraińskiego konfliktu zbrojnego Ukraina nie doczekała się zarysowania jasnej perspektywy członkostwa. Co więcej, w istniejącej sytuacji kwestia ta traktowana jest jako czynnik budujący dodatkowe napięcia i tym samym uniemożliwiający dyplomatyczne przezwyciężenie kryzysu. Tego rodzaju podejście, w warunkach prawdopodobnej permanentności konfliktu, oznacza nie tylko realne zdjęcie kwestii rozszerzenia Sojuszu na Wschód z euroatlantyckiej agendy, ale prawdopodobnie również długotrwałe jej „zamrożenie”.
Identification and description of individual lifestyles as characteristics of life activity
Authors: Miseng Daria
Published: February 2020

Recent research suggests that individual values play a significant role in the structuring and functioning of a lifestyle. In the present study we empirically examine the relation between individual values and lifestyles and describe its peculiarities. The article covers the results of quantitative content analysis and principal component analysis, carried out for empirical indicators of lifestyle for Ukrainian high school students and undergraduates (N = 170). The results are presented by eleven components distinguished as a result of the empirical study, which describe individual lifestyles in their connection with basic human values. Our findings suggest that basic human values serve as the ground for individual lifestyle construction and life practices or arrangements.
UNDERSTANDING THE RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE IN INDONESIA: THE ISLAMIC THEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Muchtar Ghazali Adeng , Hasanah Aan
Published: February 2020

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this paper is to elaborate methodological diversities in understanding religions both in internal and external circles and contexts are seen from Islamic theological perspectives.

Methodology: The research methodology used in this study is a qualitative analysis, using content analysis method.

Main Findings: The diversity of religious beliefs and religious understandings needs to be interpreted as a logical consequence of divine provisions. Methodologically, however, an individual’s belief cannot be adjudged right or wrong without understanding socio-cultural, referent, educational, and other external background experience shaping his belief and diversity.

Applications of this study: Understanding and tolerant behavior in the diversity of beliefs in Indonesian society is necessary to create inter and inter-religious harmony, to realize a solid nation and state of life. Therefore, a comprehensive effort is needed to minimize intolerant understanding and behavior in the community from an early age, through integrative education and learning.

Novelty/Originality of this study: Generally, research methodology on religion using religious doctrine as the main tool in the analysis of religious thought. This article presents a point of equilibrium between doctrine and
Построение туннельных осесимметричных сверхзвуковых воздухозаборников
Authors: Галкин Владислав Михайлович , Звегинцев Валерий Иванович
Published: February 2020

Актуальность работы. Эффективность преобразования химической энергии топлива в механическое движение сверхзвукового летательного аппарата определяется потерями механической энергии на сопротивление летательного аппарата и потерями полного давления при торможении потока в воздухозаборнике воздушно-реактивного двигателя. Поэтому при прочих равных условиях более энергоэффективным будет тот летательный аппарат, у которого эти потери меньше. Существенное повышение энергоэффективности ожидается от применения осесимметричных изоэнтропических туннельных воздухозаборников. В рамках модели невязкого течения предлагается численная методика построения указанных воздухозаборников с профилированным центральным телом и цилиндрической обечайкой. Цель работы. В настоящее время отсутствуют способы профилирования осесимметричных изоэнтропических туннельных воздухозаборников, не имеющих элементов, выступающих за цилиндрический корпус летательного аппарата. Поэтому целью исследования является разработка методики построения таких воздухозаборников. Методы исследования. Используется численная реализация метода характеристик при условии изоэнтропичности течения. Предлагаемая методика состоит из двух задач. В первой задаче от угловой точки строится контур центрального тела с заданной ординатой точки фокусировки характеристик. Во второй задаче производится построение оставшейся части контура до другой угловой точки, при этом используется обращенное течение в кольцевом сопле с цилиндрической обечайкой. Одновременно с решением второй задачи определяется положение обечайки. Центральное тело может содержать на краях по угловой точке. При использовании промежуточной линии тока центральное тело будет гладким. Результаты. Создана методика для расчета семейства контуров осесимметричных туннельных сверхзвуковых воздухозаборников, геометрические характеристики которых однозначно описываются исходными данными.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ НА ТРУДОВЫЕ ЦЕННОСТИ ПОКОЛЕНИЯ, ВХОДЯЩЕГО НА РЫНОК ТРУДА
Authors: Аранжин Вячеслав Викторович
Published: February 2020

Актуальность исследования заключается в том, что цифровая экономика оказывает значительное влияние на все без исключения сферы общественной жизни: совершаемые трансакции, ведение бизнеса и бизнес-модели организаций, способы коммуникаций между субъектами, на образ жизни людей, труд, досуг. Молодое поколение, которому только предстоит войти на рынок труда, родилось в эпоху цифровых технологий, что, безусловно, повлияло на их ценности и модели поведения, в связи с чем возникает необходимость оценки влияния цифровой экономики на трудовые ценности поколения, входящего на рынок труда. Исследование трудовых ценностей поколения Z поможет организациям (работодателям) разрабатывать эффективные стратегии мотивации, удержания, создания условий работы, соответствующих ценностям данного поколения. Цель: определение механизмов влияния цифровой экономики на трудовые ценности поколения, входящего на рынок труда. Методы: исторический метод, методы логического, сравнительного, системного анализа. Результаты. Рассмотрены основные особенности цифровой экономики, проведен анализ основных характеристик поколения Z на основании обзора зарубежной и отечественной литературы, определены трудовые ценности поколения Z и дана оценка влияния цифровой экономики на трудовые ценности рассматриваемого поколения. Выдвинуто предположение о том, что цифровая экономика не является единственным фактором, оказывающим влияние на трудовые ценности современного поколения.
Social Media for Social Inclusion: Barriers to Participation in Target-Language Online Communities
Authors: Yeh Ellen , Swinehart Nicholas
Published: February 2020

Many learners, even those studying at universities in regions where the target language is spoken, lack opportunities for meaningful language use outside of the classroom. One avenue for learners to increase authentic target-language communication is online affinity spaces within social media platforms, where interactions with other users are formed around shared interests rather than personal connections. International students at an arts and media college in the Midwestern United States were asked to read a discussion thread within a social media platform, summarize what they found useful, and respond to pre- and posttask questionnaires. The platform used, Reddit, features anonymous user-generated content in a wide range of discussion forums based around specific interests and geographic locations. This study used qualitative data to investigate the extent to which international students participate in online communities like these and the factors or barriers that keep them from achieving full participation. The findings are then used to present learner training strategies that can help reduce or remove those barriers, enabling language learners to increase their participation in target-language online communities.     

Plusieurs apprenantes et apprenants, même parmi celles et ceux qui étudient dans une université située dans une région où la langue cible est parlée, n’ont pas suffisamment d’occasions de pratiquer avantageusement leur nouvelle langue en dehors de la salle de classe. Une avenue qui s’ouvre à elles et à eux pour augmenter leurs chances de s’adonner à des communications authentiques dans leur langue cible est l’espace d’affinité en ligne sur les réseaux sociaux, endroit où les interactions sont davantage basées sur le partage d’intérêts communs que sur des relations personnelles. Des étudiantes et étudiants internationaux d’un collège des arts et des médias du Midwest des États-Unis ont été invités à lire un fil de discussion sur une plateforme de réseau social, à en résumer les éléments jugés utiles et à répondre à un questionnaire avant et après l’exercice. La plateforme utilisée, Reddit, présente des contenus qui sont générés anonymement par les utilisateurs dans un large éventail de forums de discussion et qui sont regroupés autour d’intérêts et de secteurs géographiques particuliers. Cette étude utilise des données qualitatives permettant d’évaluer dans quelle mesure les étudiantes et étudiants internationaux participent à la vie de communautés en ligne de ce genre et de déterminer quels sont les facteurs ou obstacles qui les empêchent de le faire pleinement. Les constatations sont ensuite utilisées pour présenter des stratégies de formation des apprenantes et apprenants qui sont susceptibles d’aider à réduire ou aplanir ces obstacles et à aider par le fait même les participants à s’impliquer davantage dans la vie de communautés en ligne s’exprimant dans leur langue cible.
Afectación de la vida diaria y laboral en población Qom de Rosario (Argentina) con artritis reumatoidea
Authors: Gabini Sebastián , Blanes Melina , Agostini Marcela , Fernández Florencia
Published: February 2020

This article aims to assess the level of autonomy among the persons self-identified as Qom people who are diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, and also to determine to what extent the disease impacts both their daily and working activities. Barthel Index was used to assess their functional dependence. On the other hand, semi-structured interviews were used to know how the disease affected the lives of people. The main results indicated that the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis among them was higher than in the general population. Women are most frequently affected by the disease and at an earlier age, and the applied treatment does not alleviate the symptoms. Regarding the relationship between the level of dependence and the working activity, despite the relationship between the variables was not statistically significant, about 30% of the sample was either not able to work or unemployed because of the disease. The remaining sample did their work with varying levels of difficulty. The outcomes are discussed and some recommendations are provided to enable the designing of effective public health policies and strategies, which would allow reducing the inequities among this population
Análisis de las expectativas de los egresados frente a un modelo de responsabilidad social universitaria
Authors: Espitia Cubillos Anny Astrid , Meneses Portela Laura Isabel , Huertas Forero Isaac
Published: February 2020

This article analyzes the expectations the graduates have regarding a college social responsibility model (RSU, Spanish acronym) at the Universidad Militar Nueva Granada (UMNG). The work starts with a literature review in order to identify the variables most frequently considered in the RSU model. Next, it enquires into the expectations regarding their own model by applying a questionnaire. The final stage was a factor analysis of data based on the main components. As a result, two out of nine categories were defined as highly important to the graduates: ethics and environment, and sustainability. These are key topics to be included in the RSU model for this college
Determinantes de los desajustes de la educación superior en Colombia
Authors: Rodríguez Marín Juan Carlos , Botero Guzmán Daniel
Published: February 2020

This work aims to determine the existence of educational imbalances in higher-education graduates in Colombia. Educational imbalance is defined as the difference between the schooling level and the level required to perform in a job position. When the former is higher than the latter, it implies the existence of over-education; the opposite case implies under-education. The results indicate that 41.87% of graduates have some imbalance with higher numbers of under-educated graduates. Based on a multinomial logit model the variables influencing the probability of being either over-educated or under-educated were identified. Having earned a technician or technologist degree, living in the Central-East region, and work experience increase the probability of being under-educated. On the other hand, being a man and having an increasingly higher schooling increase the probability of being over-educated
Paradigma de la interseccionalidad: herramienta útil para explorar el fenómeno del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas
Authors: Blanco Echeverry María del Pilar
Published: February 2020

This article introduces the paradigm of Intersectionality as an effective tool to explore the phenomenon of psychoactive substance use (SPA, Spanish acronym). To do so, this work starts with the outcomes from a mixed-method research that identified that the categories of gender and ethnicity influence the social representation of 298 young people in northern Cauca (Colombia) regarding the SPA. The differential approach of this paradigm is also reinforced as a theoretical-methodological instrument to optimize the diagnostic stage and the subsequent design of public policies intended to prevent or mitigate the substance use. Those public policies are currently in need of an intersectional and territorialized treatment, particularly when it is implemented in territories like northern Cauca, where the population is multicultural and has starred in and become the victim of phenomena like the drug-trafficking and the armed conflict
Habitantes de calle en Medellín, Colombia: sus normas, derechos y deberes
Authors: Calderón Vallejo Gustavo Adolfo , Gómez Vargas Maricelly , Dávila Cañas Lucas , Osorio Salazar María Jimena , Caro Cencio Emerson José
Published: February 2020

This article highlights some peculiarities related to the norms, rights and duties of people living in the streets of Medellín. This is a qualitative study that implemented data gathering techniques such as the ethnographic observation to get the starting information. Next, some semi-structured interviews were applied to 16 street dwellers and then analyzed in an Excel matrix to do the pertinent categorization. It is concluded that the subjects take contradictory stances regarding the norms: they adhere to punishment and authority logics even harder than those used by the society. At the same time, they feel free in their status as street dwellers, and even more when they are under effects of psychoactive substances. Some limitations are also observed for accessing to their rights, because the State fails to guarantee those rights
Permeation of AuCl4- across a Liquid Membrane Impregnated with A324H+Cl- Ionic Liquid
Authors: Alguacil Francisco José , López Félix A.
Published: February 2020

On the system Au(III)-HCl-A324H+Cl-, liquid-liquid extraction experiments were used to define the extraction equilibrium and the corresponding extraction constant, and the facilitated transport of this precious metal, from HCl solutions, across a flat-sheet supported liquid membrane was investigated, using the ionic liquid as carrier, as a function of hydrodynamic conditions, concentration of gold(III) (0.01-0.1 g/L), and HCl (0.5-6 M) in the feed phase, and carrier concentration (0.023-0.92 M) in the membrane. An uphill transport equation was derived considering aqueous feed boundary layer diffusion and membrane diffusion as controlling steps. The aqueous diffusional resistance (Δf) and the membrane diffusional resistance (Δm) were estimated from the proposed equation, being their values 241 s/cm an 9730 s/cm, respectively. The performance of the present carrier was compared against results yielded by other ionic liquids, and also it was investigated the influence that other metals had on gold(III) transport both from binary or quaternary solutions. Gold was finally recovered from receiving solutions as zero valent gold nanoparticles.
The Wuhan Pneumonia Outbreak: High Isoleucine and High Valine Plus Glycine Contents Are Features of the Proteins of 2019-nCoV Virus
Authors: Yan Sirui , Wan Yulin , Zhang Ying , An Shanshan , Yang Kaiqiao , Xu Huan , Liu Qiuyun
Published: February 2020

The current pneumonia epidemic in China could evolve into a pandemic on a global scale if not effectively contained. The 2019-nCoV possesses a 61-amino acid open reading frame resembling SARS-CoV virulence factor - ORF6 peptide. The isoleucine content is 15.9% in ORF6 of SARS-CoV versus 16.4% of that in 2019-nCoV. Given the proton affinity in the carbonyl oxygen in isoleucine, augmented proton traffic can enhance proton-ion antiport and prompt cell swelling. As the content of essential amino acids in the open reading frame of 2019-nCoV reaches 57.4%, a starch/vitamin diet served for short period of time does not give rise to essential amino acids and halts virion production, which could be adopted as prophylactic approach of many viral infections. Plant-based diet or fasting/boiled rice water can also minimize the intake of essential amino acids or all amino acids respectively. Calorie restriction has been confirmed in animal studies to extend lifespan, and its underlying mechanism is not fully known. Furthermore, several proteins of 2019-nCoV possess high valine plus glycine content, which is implicated in heart disease.
The Molten Globule, and Two-State vs. Non-Two-State Folding of Globular Proteins
Authors: Kuwajima Kunihiro
Published: February 2020

From experimental studies of protein folding, it is now clear that there are two types of folding behavior, i.e., two-state folding and non-two-state folding, and understanding the relationships between these apparently different folding behaviors is essential for fully elucidating the molecular mechanisms of protein folding. This article describes how the presence of the two types of folding behavior has been confirmed experimentally, and discusses the relationships between the two-state and the non-two-state folding reactions, on the basis of available data on the correlations of the folding rate constant with various structure-based properties, which are determined primarily by the backbone topology of proteins. Finally, a two-stage hierarchical model is proposed as a general mechanism of protein folding. In this model, protein folding occurs in a hierarchical manner, reflecting the hierarchy of the native three-dimensional structure, as embodied in the case of non-two-state folding with an accumulation of the molten globule state as a folding intermediate. The two-state folding is thus merely a simplified version of the hierarchical folding caused either by an alteration in the rate-limiting step of folding or by destabilization of the intermediate.
Classical Failure Modes and Effects Analysis in the Context of Smart Grid Cyber-Physical Systems
Authors: Zúñiga Andrés A. , Baleia Alexandre , Fernandes João , Branco Paulo Jose Da Costa
Published: February 2020

Reliability assessment in traditional power distribution systems has played a key role in power system planning, design, and operation. Recently, new information and communication technologies have been introduced in power systems automation and asset management, making the distribution network even more complex. In order to achieve efficient energy management, the distribution grid has to adopt a new configuration and operational conditions that are changing the paradigm of the actual electrical system. Therefore, the emergence of the cyber-physical systems concept to face future energetic needs requires alternative approaches for evaluating the reliability of modern distribution systems, especially in the smart grids environment. In this paper, a reliability approach that makes use of failure modes of power and cyber network main components is proposed to evaluate risk analysis in smart electrical distribution systems. We introduce the application of Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method in future smart grid systems in order to establish the impact of different failure modes on their performance. A smart grid test system is defined and failure modes and their effects for both power and the cyber components are presented. Preventive maintenance tasks are proposed and systematized to minimize the impact of high-risk failures and increase reliability.
The World as a Quantum Information Processor
Authors: Maldonado Carlos
Published: February 2020

It is impossible to fully grasp reality and the universe without a sound understanding of quantum science, i.e. theory. The aim of this paper is twofold, namely first presenting what quantum information processing consists of, and then consequently discussing the implications of quantum science to the understanding of reality. I shall claim that the world is fully quantum, and the classical world is but a limit case of the quantum world. The crux of the argument is that quantum information can be taken as a living phenomenon. Quantum information processing (QIP) has been mainly the subject of computational approaches (Cooper and Hodges, 2016). Here we take it as the way in which information allows for a non-dualistic explanation of the world. In this sense, quantum information processing consists in understanding how entanglement stands as the ground for a coherent reality yet highly dynamical, vibrant and vivid. Information, I argue, is a living phenomenon that creates itself out of nothing. Quantum information is a relational view of entities, systems, phenomena, and events (Auletta, 2005).
Kesiapan Sosial Kampung Cibunut sebagai Kampung Kreatif Berwawasan Lingkungan
Authors: Pertiwi Shifa Nurul Indah , Astuti Winny , Mukaromah Hakimatul
Published: February 2020

Kota Bandung terpilih menjadi salah satu kota kreatif dari UNESCO. Kampung kreatif adalah salah satu bagian dari penerapan kota kreatif. Kampung Cibunut diresmikan menjadi kampung kreatif yang berwawasan lingkungan pada tahun 2017. Kampung Cibunut membutuhkan waktu sekitar 3 tahun untuk diresmikan sebagai kampung kreatif berwawasan lingkungan. Sedangkan, di sisi lain, beberapa kampung yang menerapkan konsep berwawasan lingkungan membutuhkan waktu minimal 5 tahun untuk diresmikan atau mendapatkan penghargaan yang berkaitan dengan berwawasan lingkungan. Dengan demikian, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat tingkat kesiapan sosial dari Kampung Cibunut sebagai kampung kreatif berwawasan lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis skoring. Tingkat kesiapan dibagi menjadi 3, yakni tidak siap, cukup siap, dan siap. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa kondisi sosial Kampung Cibunut tergolong cukup siap dalam menjadi kampung kreatif berwawasan lingkungan. Dari hasil analisis dapat dilihat bahwa tingat kemampuan masyarakat dalam hal berwawasan lingkungan tergolong tinggi, selain itu kelembagaan di Kampung Cibunut juga cukup baik dalam mendukung kampung kreatif berwawasan lingkungan.
Folclore, Religiões Afro-Cubanas e Racismo em Santiago de Cuba.
Authors: Oliveira Bianca Ferreira
Published: February 2020

O texto busca desenvolver uma reflexão sobre os cruzamentos entre políticas culturais formais e práticas afro-religiosas a partir de um Festival acadêmico-cultural na cidade de Santiago de Cuba. Com investimentos em conjuntos folclóricos, após o triunfo da Revolução de 1959, muitas pessoas viram suas práticas religiosas de matriz africana ocuparem espaços outrora negados a elas. Porém, as medidas tomadas pelo governo Revolucionário, embasadas numa ideia de que todas as desigualdades sociais eram fruto de uma ideologia burguesa capitalista, não foram suficientes para acabar com as discriminações raciais na Ilha. Partindo de dois eventos importantes na cidade de Santiago de Cuba, o Festival do Caribe e o Carnaval, busco levantar algumas questões sobre quais os contextos em torno de eventos legitimados ou não pelo Estado.
Os Primeiros Trinta Anos da Revolução Cubana à luz do Pensamento Martiano
Authors: Farhat Filipe Silveira
Published: February 2020

José Martí é considerado o patrono da Revolução Cubana por sua contribuição intelectual e militância política à independência de Cuba. Inscrito na tradição do pensamento cubano preocupado com a independência nacional e dialogando com pensadores do liberalismo europeu e norte-americano, Martí repensa a condição de colônia da ilha e propõe soluções autóctones com o intuito de viabilizar a soberania nacional, muitas das quais foram referenciadas no discurso e nas políticas do movimento revolucionário que destituiu o governo Batista em 1959. Apesar de Martí representar incontestavelmente o apóstolo da Revolução, a gradual perda de influência da teoria martiana nos debates acadêmicos frente a ascensão do materialismo dialético durante os primeiros trinta anos do governo revolucionário levou alguns analistas a sugerirem a diminuição de sua influência política. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é de identificar a influência do pensamento de Martí na condução dos 30 primeiros anos da Revolução Cubana e pontuar as interações desta com os desdobramentos políticos, sociais e econômicos tomados pela Revolução Cubana.  Para cumprir este objetivo, recuperam-se ao longo do texto alguns traços do pensamento de Martí e busca-se fazer emergir suas influências na formulação da Reforma Agrária, Urbana e do planejamento econômico ao longo deste período.
A Constituição da República de Cuba de 2019: ampliação democrática e regulação econômica como desafios do tempo presente ao socialismo real
Authors: Bello Enzo , Barbosa Maria Lúcia
Published: February 2020

Este artigo apresenta e discute o Projeto de Constituição aprovado pela Assembleia do Poder Popular de Cuba, em 21 e 22 de julho de 2018, para substituição da Constituição de 1976 e validado por referendo popular em 24 de fevereiro de 2019. Essa proposta é compreendida como tentativa de democratização do exercício do poder constituinte para uma aproximação com o constitucionalismo democrático latino-americano. São apresentadas algumas inovações quanto ao texto de 1976, especialmente as mudanças na economia, o reconhecimento da propriedade privada, além da implementação de mecanismos de escolha e mandato do Presidente da República. A metodologia envolve pesquisa qualitativa, raciocínio dedutivo e indutivo, e referencial teórico-metodológico da teoria crítica da sociedade capitalista e do Direito. A pesquisa tem perfil multidisciplinar e teórico-normativo, articulando os campos do Direito Constitucional, da Economia e da Política. As técnicas de pesquisa utilizadas são as de revisão bibliográfica e análise documental. As fontes de pesquisa são documentos legislativos, artigos e livros acadêmicos, além de dados extraídos de órgãos oficiais, jornais e periódicos. As principais conclusões ressaltam que o novo texto constitucional tenta adaptar o socialismo real às demandas políticas de maior participação e econômicas de acesso a novas fontes de renda.
Early Psychological and Social Factors Explain the Recovery Trajectory After Distal Radial Fracture
Authors: Jayakumar Prakash , Teunis Teun , Vranceanu Ana Maria , Lamb Sarah , Ring David , Gwilym Stephen
Published: February 2020

Background:

This prospective study identified the association of demographic, injury, psychological, and social variables, measured early during recovery, with limitations in function (measured by the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Upper Extremity Physical Function Computer Adaptive Test [PROMIS UE]) at 6 to 9 months after a distal radial fracture. Additionally, we assessed variables associated with the PROMIS UE; the abbreviated version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (QuickDASH); the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE); and the 3-Level EuroQol 5 Dimensions Index (EQ-5D-3L) over time.

Methods:

A total of 364 adult patients (73% female), with a median age of 65 years (interquartile range, 45.5 to 77 years), who sustained an isolated distal radial fracture completed questionnaires at 3 time periods after the fracture: within 1 week, between 2 and 4 weeks, and between 6 and 9 months. We created a multivariable regression model and a generalized least squares random effects model, accounting for multicollinearity using correlation matrices, the variable inflation factor, and the partial R2.

Results:

Multiple variables within a week of the injury correlated with 6 to 9-month limitations in bivariate analysis. Being retired (partial R2 = 0.19; p < 0.001), using opioids after the fracture (partial R2 = 0.04; p < 0.001), using antidepressants (partial R2 = 0.11; p < 0.001), greater pain interference (partial R2 = 0.03; p = 0.001), and greater pain catastrophization (partial R2 = 0.04; p = 0.002) within 1 week of the injury were strong predictors of greater limitations (PROMIS UE) at 6 to 9 months in multivariable analysis. Longitudinal analysis of variables over time demonstrated greater pain interference, greater fear of movement, lower self-efficacy, older age, and female sex as strong predictors of limitations.

Conclusions:

Recovery from a distal radial fracture is influenced by a series of demographic, psychological, and social variables. Of these factors, being retired, using opioids, using antidepressants, greater pain interference, and greater pain catastrophization within a week of the injury explain the largest amounts of unique variance in self-perceived upper-extremity physical function. Evaluating the impact of change in variables over time underlined the influence of pain interference as well as the influence of fear of movement and self-efficacy (or resiliency) on limitations in physical function and general health. These findings have important implications for identifying individuals who can benefit from behavioral interventions for these psychological factors to optimize recovery.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A Randomized Trial of Static and Articulating Spacers for the Treatment of Infection Following Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Nahhas Cindy R. , Chalmers Peter N. , Parvizi Javad , Sporer Scott M. , Berend Keith R. , Moric Mario , Chen Antonia F. , Austin Matthew S. , Deirmengian Gregory K. , Morris Michael J. , Della Valle Craig J.
Published: February 2020

Background:

There is no consensus whether the interim antibiotic spacer utilized in the 2-stage exchange arthroplasty should immobilize the joint or allow for motion. The purpose of this multicenter, randomized clinical trial was to compare static and articulating spacers as part of the 2-stage exchange arthroplasty for the treatment of chronic periprosthetic joint infection complicating total knee arthroplasty as defined with use of Musculoskeletal Infection Society criteria.

Methods:

Sixty-eight patients undergoing 2-stage exchange arthroplasty were randomized to either a static (32 patients) or an articulating (36 patients) spacer. An a priori power analysis determined that 28 patients per group would be necessary to detect a 13° difference in range of motion between groups. Six patients were excluded after randomization, 6 died, and 7 were lost to follow-up before 2 years.

Results:

Patients in the static group had a hospital length of stay that was 1 day greater than the articulating group after stage 1 (6.1 compared with 5.1 days; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.3 to 6.9 days and 4.6 to 5.6 days, respectively; p = 0.032); no other differences were noted perioperatively. At a mean of 3.5 years (range, 2.0 to 6.4 years), 49 patients were available for evaluation. The mean motion arc was 113.0° (95% CI, 108.4° to 117.6°) in the articulating spacer group, compared with 100.2° (95% CI, 94.2° to 106.1°) in the static spacer group (p = 0.001). The mean Knee Society Score was higher in the articulating spacer cohort (79.4 compared with 69.8 points; 95% CI, 72.4 to 86.3 and 63.6 to 76.1, respectively; p = 0.043). Although not significantly different with the sample size studied, static spacers were associated with a greater need for an extensile exposure at the time of reimplantation (16.7% compared with 4.0%; 95% CI, 0.6% to 38.9% and 0.5% to 26.3%, respectively; p = 0.189) and a higher rate of reoperation (25.0% compared with 8.0%; 95% CI, 9.8% to 46.7% and 1.0% to 26.0%, respectively; p = 0.138).

Conclusions:

Articulating spacers provided significantly greater range of motion and higher Knee Society scores at a mean of 3.5 years. Static spacers were associated with a longer hospital stay following removal of the infected implant. When the soft-tissue envelope allows and if there is adequate osseous support, an articulating spacer is associated with improved outcomes.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Predictors of undesirable treatment outcome of severe acute malnutrition inpatient children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study.
Authors: Negussie Absalat Serawit , Tadesse Amare Worku
Published: February 2020

Background: Globally, in 2018, malnutrition contributes to 45% of all child deaths. These early child deaths are due to conditions that could be prevented or treated with access to simple and affordable interventions. Hence, this study intends to provide a quantitative example of factors associated with undesirable treatment outcomes of severe acute malnutrition (SAM). Methods: We studied a retrospective cohort of 304 children aged 6-59 months with complicated SAM admitted to Yekatit 12 teaching hospital from 2013- 2016 . We extracted data from hospital records on nutritional status, socio-demographic factors and medical conditions during admission. The analysis was carried out with SPSS version 20.The Kaplan-Meier estimator was employed to analyze the recovery rate of the children undergoing treatment for SAM and Cox regression was used to adjust for confounding effects of other variables. Result: From overall of 304 under-five children with SAM, 133 (51.4%) were males and 126 (48.6%) were females. Marasmus was the most common type of severe acute malnutrition 132(51%). The recovery, death and defaulter rate were 70.4%, 12.2% and 8.2% respectively. The main predictors of undesirable outcome were found to be presence of HIV antibody (AHR=3.208; 95% CI: [1.045-9.846]) and sepsis (AHR= 7.677, 95% CI: [2.320-25.404])Conclusion: The study revealed that the overall treatment outcomes were below the SPHERE standard recommendation and the main predictors of death in children receiving in-patient treatment for SAM were HIV and sepsis. Intervention to reduce death should focus cases with comorbidities especially HIV and sepsis.