bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conservative management of congenital hepatic hemangioma complicated by ascites
Authors: Hoornaert Emmy , Clapuyt Philippe , Dumitriu Dana , Niel Olivier , Huybrechts Sophie , Scheers Isabelle , Sokal Etienne , Reding Raymond , Stephenne Xavier
Published: July 2022

Involution of a rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma is an unknown cause of neonatal ascites. As involution phase is completed by 14 months after birth, conservative management with diuretics and drainage is possible and may avoid surgical resection.
Evaluation of abnormal gallbladder imaging findings: Surgical management and pathologic correlations in early‐stage gallbladder cancer
Authors: Spartz Ellen J. , Wheelwright Matthew , Mettler Tetyana , Amin Khalid , Azeem Nabeel , Hassan Mohamed , Ankeny Jacob , Harmon James V.
Published: July 2022

Gallbladder cancer is a rare but potentially fatal disease. It is often asymptomatic in early stages and is frequently found incidentally or during the workup for benign biliary disease. We present two patients who each had suspicious gallbladder imaging findings and highlight their differences on radiologic and pathologic examination.
Water hammer and Corrigan's pulses
Authors: Ono Ryohei , Uchiyama Raita , Kohno Yukinori , Kobayashi Yoshio
Published: July 2022

Corrigan’s pulse is characterized by the abrupt distension and quick collapse of carotid arteries in aortic regurgitation, whereas water hammer pulse is the characteristic pulse observed in peripheral arteries.
Radio‐induced simultaneous development of squamous cell carcinoma and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of scalp
Authors: Malakoutikhah Zahra , Mohaghegh Fatemeh , Derakhshan Maryam , Mehdizadeh Mohammad Javad
Published: July 2022

Radiotherapy was commonly applied to treat benign skin diseases such as tinea capitis. Some patients treated with radiation have developed skin malignancies over the years. This article reported a 72‐year‐old man presenting with two distinct non‐melanoma skin tumors on his scalp, including squamous cell carcinoma and metastatic pleomorphic sarcoma.
Rare non‐syndromic bilateral maxillary and mandibular permanent canine agenesis
Authors: Marya Anand , Karobari Mohmed Isaqali , Heboyan Artak
Published: July 2022

Oligodontia or absence of teeth such as the Canines is rare and is often accompanied with several other missing teeth. This condition may also be accompanied with morphological and growth related changes in the teeth and the maxillofacial complex. Complete agenesis of the permanent canines in the maxilla and the mandible is extremely rare and occurs in association with syndromic oligodontia. Non‐syndromic absence of canines however, is extremely rare and has only been reported twice. Studies have shown that the incidence of missing canines is more in females. This report describes a sporadic case of congenital absence of maxillary and mandibular bilateral canines. The patient reported to the clinic with a chief complaint of crowding and wanted alignment. On intra‐oral examination it was observed that the patient had all permanent canines missing with no prior history of extractions, crowding in both the arches and class I molars on both sides. With no other symptoms fixed orthodontic therapy was planned for the patient with premolars substituted for the canines.
Immediate postnatal central hypothyroidism caused by maternal Graves' disease: Importance of early screening
Authors: Tochibora Saho , Hori Tomohiro , Mori Mai , Matsumoto Hideki , Otsuka Hiroki , Sasai Hideo , Ito Yuko , Kasahara Yukiko , Kawamoto Norio , Ohnishi Hidenori
Published: July 2022

This report illustrates a case of central hypothyroidism in a newborn immediately after birth caused by maternal Graves' disease. Infants from mothers with Graves' disease require careful examination without waiting for neonatal screening results, even though the mother's thyroid function is normal at birth or the newborn does not have goiter.
Advances towards Cell‐Specific Gene Transfection: A Small‐Molecule Approach Allows Order‐of‐Magnitude Selectivity
Authors: Dirksmeyer Thies , Stahl Paul , Vallet Cecilia , Knauer Shirley , Giese Michael , Schmuck Carsten , Hirschhäuser Christoph
Published: July 2022

Invited for the cover of this issue are Christoph Hirschhäuser and his colleagues from the University of Duisburg‐Essen. The image depicts a biotin‐labelled transfection vector selectively channelling DNA into a cancer cell. The QR code on the label will lead you to a video abstract (https://youtu.be/OgXfBPZTKGA). Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202104618.
A secure lightweight anonymous elliptic curve cryptography‐based authentication and key agreement scheme for fog assisted‐Internet of Things enabled networks
Authors: Verma Upendra , Bhardwaj Diwakar
Published: July 2022

The fog assisted‐Internet of Things (IoT) enabled network has been a novel topic in recent years. With the rapid development of the IoT, it is imperative to accomplish security in the fog computing environment. The surface for cryptographic attacks is expanded since the fog node can analyze, store, and process data between cloud and IoT device. This article proposes elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) based mutual authentication and key agreement scheme to support secure communication between device and fog server. In this work, we have formally analyzed the proposed scheme using the most widely accepted automated validation of Internet security protocols and application (AVISPA) tool. The informal security analysis of the proposed scheme shows that the proposed method is robust against several attacks. The performance analysis has been evaluated in terms of computation and storage overhead. The security and performance analysis with theoretical proof indicates that proposed scheme attains better security than related schemes.
Seasonal variation of genotypes and reproductive plasticity in a facultative clonal freshwater invertebrate animal (Hydra oligactis) living in a temperate lake
Authors: Miklós Máté , Laczkó Levente , Sramkó Gábor , Barta Zoltán , Tökölyi Jácint
Published: July 2022

Facultative sexual organisms combine sexual and asexual reproduction within a single life cycle, often switching between reproductive modes depending on environmental conditions. These organisms frequently inhabit variable seasonal environments, where favorable periods alternate with unfavorable periods, generating temporally varying selection pressures that strongly influence life history decisions and hence population dynamics. Due to the rapidly accelerating changes in our global environment today, understanding the population dynamics and genetic changes in facultative sexual populations inhabiting seasonal environments is critical to assess and prepare for additional challenges that will affect such ecosystems. In this study, we aimed at obtaining insights into the seasonal population dynamics of the facultative sexual freshwater cnidarian Hydra oligactis through a combination of restriction site‐associated sequencing (RAD‐Seq) genotyping and the collection of phenotypic data on the reproductive strategy of field‐collected hydra strains in a standard laboratory environment. We reliably detected 42 MlGs from the 121 collected hydra strains. Most of MLGs (N = 35, 83.3%) were detected in only one season. Five MLGs (11.9%) were detected in two seasons, one (2.4%) in three seasons and one (2.4%) in all four seasons. We found no significant genetic change during the 2 years in the study population. Clone lines were detected between seasons and even years, suggesting that clonal lineages can persist for a long time in a natural population. We also found that distinct genotypes differ in sexual reproduction frequency, but these differences did not affect whether genotypes reappeared across samplings. Our study provides key insights into the biology of natural hydra populations, while also contributing to understanding the population biology of facultative sexual species inhabiting freshwater ecosystems.
Long‐term trends and drought: Spatiotemporal variation in juvenile sex ratios of North American ducks
Authors: Ellis Sage L. , Lohman Madeleine G. , Sedinger James S. , Williams Perry J. , Riecke Thomas V.
Published: July 2022

Sex ratios affect population dynamics and individual fitness, and changing sex ratios can be indicative of shifts in sex‐specific survival at different life stages. While climate and landscape changes alter sex ratios of wild bird populations, long‐term, landscape scale assessments of sex ratios are rare. Further, little work has been done to understand changes in sex ratios in avian communities. In this manuscript, we analyze long‐term (1961–2015) data on five species of ducks across five broad climatic regions of the United States to estimate the effects of drought and long‐term trends on the proportion of juvenile females captured at banding. As waterfowl have a 1:1 sex ratio at hatch, we interpret changes in sex ratios of captured juveniles as changes in sex‐specific survival rates during early life. Seven of 12 species‐region pairs exhibited evidence for long‐term trends in the proportion of juvenile females at banding. The proportion of juvenile females at banding increased for duck populations in the western United States and typically declined for duck populations in the eastern United States. We only observed evidence for an effect of drought in two of the 12 species‐region pairs, where the proportion of females declined during drought. As changes to North American landscapes and climate continue and intensify, we expect continued changes in sex‐specific juvenile survival rates. More broadly, we encourage further research examining the mechanisms underlying long‐term trends in juvenile sex ratios in avian communities.
Relationship of alien species continues in a foreign land: The case ofPhytophthoraand AustralianBanksia(Proteaceae) in South African Fynbos
Authors: Qongqo Axola , Nchu Felix , Geerts Sjirk
Published: July 2022

Fungal invasions only recently started to receive more attention in invasion biology. This is largely attributed to little or non‐existent information about these inconspicuous organisms. Most invasion hypotheses focus on factors that increase invasion success; few try to explain why invasions fail. Here we hypothesize that a host–pathogen relationships can limit the invasiveness of an alien plant species in a novel range. To test this, we investigate whether the invasiveness of the Australian genus of Proteaceae,Banksia,in South Africa is determined by the alien and major invasive phytopathogen,Phytophthora cinnamomi. The presence ofP. cinnamomiinBanksiaroot and soil was evaluated using morphological and molecular techniques. Isolates were cultured onto selective media and polymerize chain reactions and internal transcribing spacers were used for identification. Acetone leaf extracts of 11Banksiaspp. were screened for antimicrobial activity againstP. cinnamomi, using the minimum inhibitory concentration assay. A total of 3840Banksiaindividuals from seven localities were surveyed.Phytophthora  cinnamomiwas consistently isolated fromBanksiaspecies root and soil samples. Out of the 12Banksiaspecies that were screened for antimicrobial activity, four introduced species,B. burdettii,B. coccinea,Banksia hookeriana, andB. prionotesand the invasiveB. integrifoliaandB. ericifoliaexhibited relatively high antimicrobial activity againstP. cinnamomi(strain 696/12). We show that the phytopathogen in the native range has similar impact in the novel range and in doing so may limit invasion success ofBanksiaspecies with low antimicrobial activity.
Background DNA damage is higher in summer than winter in both free‐living and captive birds
Authors: Beattie Ursula K. , Estrada Rodolfo S. , Gormally Brenna M. G. , McVey Mitch , Romero L. Michael
Published: July 2022

Although stress can cause overall damage to the genome, it is currently unknown whether normal background damage to DNA varies throughout the annual cycle. If DNA damage did vary seasonally, it would have major implications on environmental‐genomic interactions. We measured background DNA double‐stranded breaks using the neutral comet assay in five tissues (nucleated red blood cells, abdominal fat, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and liver) in four cohorts of house sparrows (Passer domesticus): free‐living summer, captives on a summer light cycle, free‐living winter, and captives on a winter light cycle. The experiment was designed to answer three questions: (1) Is red blood cell DNA damage representative of other tissues? (2) Is DNA damage in captive birds representative of DNA damage in free‐living birds? (3) Does DNA damage show seasonality? We found that (1) blood is a representative tissue, (2) captive animals are representative of free‐living animals, and (3) DNA damage is higher in the summer than in the winter. These data indicate that red blood cells can be an index of DNA damage throughout the body and that background levels of DNA damage show substantial seasonal variation. The latter result suggests the possibility that underlying molecular mechanisms of DNA damage and/or repair also change seasonally.
The protective role of FTY720 in promoting survival of allograft fat in mice
Authors: Yi Yi , Hu Wei‐Jie , Zhao Chong‐Ru , Xiong Ming‐Chen , Zhang Qi , Wu Yi‐Ping , Zeng Hong , Zeng Ning
Published: July 2022

Fat transplantation is widely used for soft‐tissue filling and wound repair. Owing to the biological changes in adipocytes in some metabolic diseases, allograft fat can provide a better source of donor fat than autologous fat. Fingolimod (FTY720) possesses a powerful immunomodulatory function. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of FTY720 in allogeneic fat transplantation. C57BL/6J mice that received allografts were randomly divided into two groups and treated with saline and FTY720, respectively. Fat graft samples were obtained at 1, 6, and 20 weeks posttransplantation. Graft volumes, graft structure, and immune cells were estimated using histological examination, immunohistochemistry, staining immunofluorescence (IF), and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in grafts was detected by qRT‐PCR. FTY720 treatment significantly enhanced allograft retention, structural integrity, and neovascularization, thereby demonstrating the potential of FTY720 in improving graft survival. Further IF staining showed that FTY720 increased regulatory T cell infiltration and reduced macrophage infiltration to some extent. FTY720 treatment also enhanced the expression of the anti‐inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐10 and weakened the expression of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines TNF‐α and IL‐6. Furthermore, FTY720 treatment upregulated the expression of CD31 positive cells. This study demonstrated the potential efficacy of FTY720 in improving the graft survival rate of syngeneic fat allograft models, possibly by suppressing immune rejection and promoting angiogenesis. Therefore, this study offers key insights into the potential application of a drug‐assisted strategy to prolong allograft fat survival.
Postoperative Gabapentin's Effect on Opioid Consumption and Pain Control Following Sinonasal Surgery
Authors: Yang Hong‐Ho , Wu Tara J. , Suh Jeffrey D. , Wang Marilene B. , Holliday Michael A. , Beswick Daniel M. , Zhang Huan , Wells Christine , McCormick Justin , Maxim Tom , Regev Aviva , Chandy Zachariah K. , Lee Jivianne T.
Published: July 2022

Objective

This study investigates the impact of postoperative gabapentin on opioid consumption and pain control following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and/or septoplasty.

Methods

Patients who underwent ESS and/or septoplasty at a single institution from 2021 to 2022 were enrolled. All patients received postoperative hydrocodone‐acetaminophen for pain control. Half of the patients were also prescribed gabapentin for the first postoperative day in addition to hydrocodone‐acetaminophen. Subjects completed the Revised American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire 24 h and 7 days after surgery. We conducted a multivariable regression analysis to assess opioid consumption and improvement in pain scores in the first week between gabapentin and non‐gabapentin groups.

Results

A total of 102 subjects, 51 in each arm, were enrolled. The mean age was 52 years and 53% of participants were female. Controlling for important baseline demographic, clinical, and surgically related variables, the addition of postoperative gabapentin was associated with a 44% (9.5 mg from 21.6 mg) reduction in opioids consumed in the first postoperative week (B = −9.54, 95% C.I. = [−17.84, −1.24], p = 0.025). In addition, patients in both arms exhibited similar improvement in pain severity and sleep interference in the first 7 days (B = −1.59, 95% C.I. = [−5.03, 1.84], p = 0.36).

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the impact of postoperative gabapentin on opioid consumption and pain control following ESS and/or septoplasty. Our analysis demonstrated that postoperative gabapentin effectively reduced opioid use during the first postoperative week without compromising pain control.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 133:1065–1072, 2023
A circuit‐topology and cascade‐based de‐embedding for GaN transistor microwave characterization
Authors: Huang Fengyi , Wei Zhennan , Tang Xusheng , Zhang Youming , Jiang Nan
Published: July 2022

We present a novel approach to the de‐embedding for transistor microwave modeling based on a cascade configuration with an open‐thru structure. The thru dummy is represented by a π‐type circuit topology including a series branch and a shunt branch without resorting to a specific lumped‐element equivalent circuit. The proposed method provides a simple way for de‐embedding with a high accuracy similar to the conventional approaches based on complicated multiple‐thru structures.
Effects of plastic deformation and failure on the folding behavior of non‐crosslinked ethylene propylene diene terpolymer composites
Authors: Tobusawa Taiki , Akasaka Shuichi , Asai Shigeo
Published: July 2022

In this study, the effects of plastic deformation and failure of the folded part on the folding behavior of non‐crosslinked ethylene propylene diene terpolymer/paraffin oil/silica gel composites were investigated. The folding behavior was evaluated by the residual fold angle of a folded specimen; a lower fold angle indicates an enhanced folding performance. The fold angle decreased with increasing oil and silica content and was correlated with the tensile yield strain, which is generally related to plastic deformation. Furthermore, the test speed dependence of the fold angle for each set of oil contents and test temperatures was investigated. The fold angle decreased with a decrease in the test speed and an increase in the test temperature. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the low‐fold angle, which indicates an improvement in the folding behavior, was caused by the destruction (voids, crazes, and cracks) of the folded part.
Removal of photoredox catalysts from polymers synthesized by organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Chism Katherine A. , Corbin Daniel A. , Miyake Garret M.
Published: July 2022

Organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (O‐ATRP) is a method of producing polymers with precise structures under mild conditions using organic photoredox catalysts (PCs). Due to the unknown toxicity of PCs and their propensity to introduce color in polymers synthesized by this method, removal of the PC from the polymer product can be important for certain applications of polymers produced using O‐ATRP. Current purification methods largely rely on precipitation to remove the PC from the polymer, but a more effective and efficient purification method is needed. In this work, an alternative purification method relying on oxidation of the PC to PC·+ followed by filtration through a plug to remove PC·+ from the polymer and removal of the volatiles was developed. A range of chemical oxidants and stationary phases were tested for their ability to remove PCs from polymers, revealing chemical oxidation by N‐bromosuccinimide followed by a filtration through a silica plug can remove up to 99% of the PC from poly(methyl methacrylate). Characterization of the polymer before and after purification demonstrated that polymer molecular weight, dispersity, and chain‐end fidelity are not signficantly impacted by this purification method. Finally, this purification method was tested on a range of dihydrophenazine, phenoxazine, dihydroacridines, and phenothiazine PCs, revealing the strength of the chemical oxidant must match the oxidation potential of the PC for effective purification.
Psychological status of mothers of children with cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Ramasli Gursoy Tugba , Sismanlar Eyuboglu Tugba , Aslan Ayse T. , Emiralioglu Nagehan , Pekcan Sevgi , Buyukkaya Eda Z. , Hangul Melih , Kose Mehmet , Soysal Sebnem , Budakoglu Isil I.
Published: July 2022

Objectives

We aimed to investigate depression, burnout, attitude, and burden of caregivers of children with cystic fibrosis (CF), and especially caregivers of children with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) due to limited number of studies on this topic, and to compare them according to their children's clinical status.

Methods

Clinical features and demographic data of children and their families were asked from caregivers in four pediatric pulmonology centers. Beck Depression Inventory, Maslach Burnout Inventory, Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale, and Parental Attitude Research Instrument were administered to caregivers in both groups. Results were compared between the two groups.

Results

In total, 131 children with CF and 39 with PCD and their caregivers were involved in the study. All primary caregivers were mothers in both groups. Depression, burnout, and burden scores of mothers of children with CF were significantly higher than mothers of children with PCD (p = 0.017, p = 0.024, p = 0.038, respectively). Burnout was higher in both CF and PCD groups with low family income (p = 0.022, p = 0.034). Number of hospital visits in the previous 6 months was correlated with burnout in both CF and PCD groups (r = 0.207, p = 0.034; r = 0.352, p = 0.044).

Conclusions

Although mothers with children with CF have higher levels of depression, burnout, burden, and negative attitudes toward children than mothers with children with PCD, these are also significantly high in mothers with children with PCD. Psychological problems of mothers of children with CF and PCD may increase with frequent hospital visits, hospitalizations, low family income, number of children, and chronic disease in another child.
High‐order leader‐follower tracking control under limited information availability
Authors: Yan Chuan , Yang Tao , Fang Huazhen
Published: July 2022

Limited information availability represents a fundamental challenge for control of multi‐agent systems, since an agent often lacks sensing capabilities to measure certain states of its own and can exchange data only with its neighbors. The challenge becomes even greater when agents are governed by high‐order dynamics. The present work is motivated to conduct control design for linear and nonlinear high‐order leader‐follower multi‐agent systems in a context where only the first state of an agent is measured. To address this open challenge, we develop novel distributed observers to enable followers to reconstruct unmeasured or unknown quantities about themselves and the leader and on such a basis, build observer‐based tracking control approaches. We analyze the convergence properties of the proposed approaches and validate their performance through simulation.
Exposure to fluopimomide at sublethal doses causes oxidative stress in Caenorhabditis elegans regulated by insulin/insulin‐like growth factor 1‐like signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Weiping , Liu Huimin , Fu Guanghan , Li Yujie , Ji Xiaoxue , Zhang Shouan , Wei Min , Qiao Kang
Published: July 2022

Fluopimomide is an innovative pesticide, widely used for agricultural pest management; however, little is known about its effect on non‐target organisms. This study was designed to assess the potential risk of fluopimomide and the molecular mechanisms using Caenorhabditis elegans, a common model animal. The oxidative stress‐related indicators were analyzed in C. elegans after exposure to fluopimomide for 24 h at three sublethal doses (0.2, 1.0, and 5.0 mg/L). The results demonstrated that sublethal exposure to fluopimomide adversely affected the nematodes growth, locomotive behaviors, reproduction, and lifespan, accompanying with enhanced of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid and lipofuscin accumulation, and malondialdehyde content. In addition, exposure to fluopimomide significantly inhibited antioxidant systems including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S‐transferase, and glutathione in the nematodes. Moreover, the expression of oxidative stress‐related genes of sod‐3, hsp‐16.1, gst‐4, ctl‐2, daf‐16, and daf‐2 were significantly down‐regulated, while the expression of skn‐1 was significantly up‐regulated. Further evidence revealed that daf‐16 and skn‐1 mutant strains of C. elegans significantly decreased ROS production upon fluopimomide exposure compared with the wild‐type nematodes. Overall, our findings indicated that exposure to fluopimomide at sublethal doses caused oxidative damage, mainly associated with insulin/IGF‐1‐like signaling pathway in C. elegans. This is the first report of potential toxic effects of fluopimomide even at low concentrations, providing a new insight into the mechanisms of toxicity to C. elegans by fluopimomide.
Prediction of the Impact of the End of year Festivities on the Local Epidemiology of COVID-19 Using Agent-Based Simulation with Hidden Markov Models
Authors: Engler Camila , Pais Carlos Marcelo , Saavedra Silvina , Juarez Emanuel , Rufiner Hugo Leonardo
Published: July 2022

Towards the end of 2020, as people changed their usual behavior due to end of year festivities, increasing the frequency of meetings and the number of people who attended them, the COVID-19 local epidemic’s dynamic changed. Since the beginnings of this pandemic, we have been developing, calibrating and validating a local agent-based model (AbcSim) that can predict intensive care unit and deaths’ evolution from data contained in the state electronic medical records and sociological, climatic, health and geographic information from public sources. In addition, daily symptomatic and asymptomatic cases and other epidemiological variables of interest disaggregated by age group can be forecast. Through a set of Hidden Markov Models, AbcSim reproduces the transmission of the virus associated with the movements and activities of people in this city, considering the behavioral changes typical of local holidays. The calibration and validation were performed based on official data from La Rioja city in Argentina. With the results obtained, it was possible to demonstrate the usefulness of these models to predict possible outbreaks, so that decision-makers can implement the necessary policies to avoid the collapse of the health system.
Artificial Intelligence, eHealth – die Bedeutung für Patient*innen
Authors: Löffler-Stastka Henriette , Dietrich Dietmar , Sauter Thilo
Published: July 2022

Zur Etablierung von eHealth-Konzepten bedarf es konsequenter Zusammenarbeit zwischen Techniker*innen und Ärzt*innen, um der Komplexität des Menschen, seiner Bedürfnisse und Leidenszustände sowie deren adäquater Behandlung gerecht zu werden. Die Annäherung der Technik sowie eine kritische Sicht zu einfachen Artificial-Intelligence(AI)-Lösungen werden durch Darstellung eines Fallbeispiels der somatischen Belastungsstörung diskutiert.
Real-world data on efficacy and safety of azacitidine therapy in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia in China: results from a multicenter, retrospective study
Authors: Xu Yu , Guo Rong , Miao Miao , Zhang Guangsen , Lan Jianping , Jin Jie
Published: July 2022

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a rare and aggressive myeloid malignancy with overlapped features of myelodysplastic syndromes/myeloproliferative neoplasms. Azacitidine (AZA), a hypomethylating agent, has been approved for the treatment of CMML in China, but real-world data are limited. Medical records of CMML patients who had received subcutaneously injected AZA were reviewed from January 2018 at five participating sites in China. Response was assessed according to the modified International Working Group (IWG 2006) criteria. Between January 2018 and November 2020, a total of 24 patients with CMML were included with a median age of 63 years. Patients received a median of 3 cycles of AZA treatment (range, 1–8). Overall response rate (ORR) was 37.5% (9 of 24); CR rate, PR rate, and mCR/HI rate were 8.3% (n = 2), 8.3% (n = 2), and 20.8% (n = 5), respectively. At a median duration of follow-up of 14.0 months (range 0.0–22.0 months), the median overall survival (OS) was 23.0 months. Univariate analysis revealed that ≥ 3 cycles of treatment was significantly associated with a higher 1-year OS rate compared with < 3 cycles of AZA treatment. Treatment was generally well-tolerated. The most common (> 10%) AEs were thrombocytopenia (n = 7, 29.2%), pneumonitis (n = 4, 16.7%) and fever (n = 3, 12.5%). This study provides valuable real-life data in China on the treatment schedules, efficacy and safety of AZA in the treatment of CMML.
Strain and Temperature Discrimination Based on a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer With Cascaded Single Mode Fibers
Authors: Xiao Shiying , Wu Beilei , Sun Chunran , Wang Zixiao , Jiang Youchao
Published: July 2022

An in-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer is proposed for the discrimination of strain and temperature. The sensor is based on two cascaded standard single mode fibers using three peanut tapers fabricated by simple splicing. The cascaded structure excites more frequency components, which induce four sets of interference dips in the transmission spectrum. One set of the spectrum dips have different sensitivities to temperature and strain from those of the other three. The sensor can discriminate strain and temperature by monitoring the wavelength shifts of two spectrum dips. Repeated experiments are taken both for strain and temperature increasing and decreasing scenarios. Experimental results show that Dip 1 has an average strain sensitivity of −0.911 pm/µε and an average temperature sensitivity of 49.98 pm/°C. The strain sensitivity for Dip 2 is negligible and its average temperature sensitivity is 60.52 pm/°C The strain and temperature resolutions are ±3.82 µε and ±0.33 °C.
Fatigue, Fracture, and Crack Arrest from Bending Induced Pre-strain in Superelastic Nitinol
Authors: Malito Louis G. , Briant Paul L. , Bowers Matthew L. , Easley Sarah , Schaffer Jeremy E. , James Brad
Published: July 2022

The present study evaluates the fatigue and fracture performance of electropolished Nitinol wire apex specimens subjected to a range of initial bending crimp/pre-strains to determine how the fatigue behavior may be modified by compressive strains and residual stress. Three extrados (tensile) crimp/pre-strain conditions (8, 12, and 14.5%) were investigated. Specimens were fatigue cycled in unidirectional bending up to 107 cycles at 37 °C and 1.5% mean strain. High bending crimp/pre-strains were observed to decrease the probability of fatigue fracture for higher strain amplitudes at 107 cycles. Bend intrados fatigue cracks were observed to initiate and arrest at crimp/pre-strains of 12 and 14.5%. These fatigue cracks were arrested at lengths corresponding to the amount of far-field compressive load applied. Finally bending fatigue initiation and fracture in Nitinol was observed to change from the tensile strain surface (extrados) to the compressive surface (intrados) depending on the amount of bending pre-strain applied.
Biomechanical Effects of Different Miniplate Thicknesses and Fixation Methods Applied in BSSO Surgery Under Two Occlusal Conditions
Authors: Tseng Bo-Tsang , Yen Yu-Chun , Cheng Chi-Sheng , Wang Chun-Hsiang , Lien Kai-Hua , Huang Chao-Min , Su Kuo-Chih
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to evaluate the effects of different thicknesses, numbers, and positions of the miniplate applied in bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) under two occlusal conditions.

Methods

An FEA model of the mandibles was constructed and combined with different thicknesses (0.6 or 1 mm), number (one or two), positions (upper or lower) of a miniplate and was divided into six models. In addition, external forces were applied to the muscles to simulate the intercuspal position (ICP) and right unilateral molar clench. This study used the reaction force of the temporomandibular joints and the stress of the mandible as observation indexes.

Results

The results of this study show that, under ICP, the 0.6 mm lower model generated greater TMJ force reaction compared to the 0.6 mm upper model. The same trend was seen in the 1 mm lower model compared to the 1 mm upper model. Regarding the stress of the bone on the screw-implanted sites, under ICP, screw 10 showed greater stress than screw 2, and screw 11 showed greater stress than screw 3. The stress values of the miniplates showed, under ICP, point 1-c was greater than point 3-c, and point 1-b was greater than point 3-b.

Conclusion

In the case of BSSO mandibular advancement surgery, implanting the miniplate at the upper position can reduce the force on the TMJ and the stress on the distal segment of the mandible. The miniplate can also resist the tensile stress more effectively. In addition, implanting two miniplates with thinner sizes may be an alternative in clinical practice.
Network Responsibility
Authors: Condon Rónán
Published: July 2022

The contemporary landscape of transnational political economy is dominated by networks. Public and private networks, and networks that combine public and private actors, cross borders, exert regulatory power and their activities often harm third parties. However, tort law as a traditional source of remediation for third party harms appears impotent when faced with the problem of regulating the 'society of networks'. This book, using a systems theory framework, retraces the emergence of tort law in modernity and highlights how two models of normative ascription - personal responsibility and organizational liability - have come to shape existing tort law's ambivalence towards network phenomena. This book breaks new ground by leaving behind the national law 'frame of reference', drawing on the conceptual promise of EU law to develop a concept of 'network responsibility' for a network society and lays the foundations of a tort law for the 21st century.
Environmental Violence
Authors: Marcantonio Richard A.
Published: July 2022

The concept of environmental violence (EV) explains the harm that humanity is inflicting upon itself through our pollution emissions. This book argues that EV is present, active, and expanding at alarming rates in the contemporary human niche and in the Earth system. It explains how EV is produced and facilitated by the same inequalities that it creates and reinforces, and suggests that the causes can be attributed to a relatively small portion of the human population and to a fairly circumscribed set of behaviours. While the causes of EV are complex, the author makes this complexity manageable to ensure interventions are more readily discernible. The EV-model developed is both a theoretical concept and an analytical tool, substantiated with rigorous social and environmental scientific evidence, and designed with the intention to help disrupt the cycle of violence with effective policies and real change.
Toward a Process Approach in Psychology
Authors: van Geert Paul , de Ruiter Naomi
Published: July 2022

Psychological science constructs much of the knowledge that we consume in our everyday lives. This book is a systematic analysis of this process, and of the nature of the knowledge it produces. The authors show how mainstream scientific activity treats psychological properties as being fundamentally stable, universal, and isolable. They then challenge this status quo by inviting readers to recognize that dynamics, context-specificity, interconnectedness, and uncertainty, are a natural and exciting part of human psychology – these are not things to be avoided and feared, but instead embraced. This requires a shift toward a process-based approach that recognizes the situated, time-dependent, and fundamentally processual nature of psychological phenomena. With complex dynamic systems as a framework, this book sketches out how we might move toward a process-based praxis that is more suitable and effective for understanding human functioning.
Language Assessments for Preschool Children
Authors: Højen Anders , Bleses Dorthe , Dale Philip S.
Published: July 2022

This Element has two main purposes. Firstly, it discusses purposes, advantages, and disadvantages as well as the challenges of different formats of language assessment, concluding with a focus on educator-administered language assessment in early childhood and education programs. It addresses the selection of assessment domains, the trade-off between brevity and precision, the challenge of assessing bilinguals, and accommodating the requirements of funders (e.g., government agencies) and users (e.g., educators and schools). It draws on lessons learned from developing two instruments for a national Danish-language and preliteracy assessment program. Secondly, it introduces those two educator-administered instruments-Language Assessment 3-6 (LA 3-6) and Language Assessment 2-year-olds (LA 2)-with respect to content, norming, gender and socioeconomic influences as well as psychometric qualities. The intention is that this experience can help enable the extension of the educator-based approach to other languages and contexts, while simultaneously acknowledging that linguistic and cultural adaptations are crucial.
The Valuation Treadmill
Authors: Park James J.
Published: July 2022

Public companies now face constant pressure to meet investor expectations. A company must continually deliver strong short-term performance every quarter to maintain its stock price. This valuation treadmill creates incentives for corporations to deceive investors. Published more than twenty years after the passage of Sarbanes-Oxley, which requires all public companies to invest in measures to ensure the accuracy of their disclosures, The Valuation Treadmill shows how securities fraud became a major regulatory concern. Drawing on case studies of paradigmatic securities enforcement actions involving Xerox, Penn Central, Apple, Enron, Citigroup, and General Electric, the book argues that corporate securities fraud emerged as investors increasingly valued companies based on their future performance. Corporations now have an incentive to issue unrealistically optimistic disclosure to convince markets that their success will continue. Securities regulation must do more to protect the integrity of public companies from the pressure of the valuation treadmill.
The Elusive Quest for French on the Bench: Bilingualism Scores for Canadian Supreme Court Justices, 1985–2013
Authors: Bédard-Rubin Jean-Christophe , Rubin Tiago
Published: July 2022

This article explores normative arguments for mandatory judicial bilingualism. It disentangles the links between the normative reasons advanced for mandatory bilingualism and the correlative level of French that should be expected of judges. To provide empirical anchoring, we construct a bilingualism score of Canadian Supreme Court justices composed of four indicators. The score shows that non-systematic assessments used so far like self-assessments, parliamentary hearings and media coverage are not reliable instruments to predict the level of use of French on the Supreme Court. Also, the score suggests that institutional dynamics have an impact worth studying in more depth. Ultimately, the measurement of functional bilingualism depends first on which linguistic capacity is being measured. This, in turn, depends on the normative reasons supporting the requirement of functional bilingualism. Instead of asking whether French should be mandatory upon appointment, it might be more productive to ask how much French should be required.
Dr Eamon O’Sullivan: psychiatrist and forgotten pioneer of occupational therapy
Authors: Pettigrew Judith , Robinson Katie
Published: July 2022

Objectives:

This paper provides a brief overview of the history of occupational therapy in psychiatry in Ireland and explores why the contribution of an early Irish psychiatrist and proponent of occupational therapy, Dr Eamon O’Sullivan (1897–1966), was not fully recognised in the decades after his retirement in 1962.

Methods:

A review of selected key reports, papers and publications related to the history of occupational therapy was undertaken.

Results:

Eamon O’Sullivan was appointed Resident Medical Superintendent at Killarney Mental Hospital Co. Kerry in 1933 and developed an occupational therapy department at the hospital from the 1930s until his retirement in 1962. He wrote one of the first textbooks of occupational therapy published in 1955. His occupational therapy philosophy reflects the early decades after the formalisation of the profession in 1917 when beliefs about the curative properties of occupation flourished and professional education programmes were scarce. By the time O’Sullivan’s textbook was published it received a lukewarm reception within occupational therapy as it did not reflect 1950s practice and professional philosophy. The professionalisation of occupational therapy in Ireland in the 1960s was also a factor in the lack of acknowledgement of O’Sullivan’s contribution to the profession.

Conclusion:

Practice and professional philosophy change and the paper concludes by considering O’Sullivan’s work in light of contemporary occupational therapy which once again places occupation at its centre and emphasises the importance of balance, health and wellbeing.
Soundwaves of Dissent: Resistance Through Persianate Cultural Production in Afghanistan
Authors: Massoumi Mejgan
Published: July 2022

In the decades of the 1960s and 1970s, sound recording technologies—including radio and cassettes—proliferated in Afghanistan and reached transnational lengths. While the state came to dominate these technologies, it could not prevent users from circumventing its censors with alternative perspectives and discourses. This article highlights the examples of Farīda ʿUsmān Anwarī, a noted radio announcer, producer, and journalist, and Aḥmad Ẓāhir, Afghanistan's most popular musical icon to date, to showcase the ways in which the Persianate literary canon served as the medium for sounding dissent amid the changing social and political dynamics of the time. Pushing the boundaries of recorded speech created an alternative space where dissent became possible and the strategic use of mass media paved the way for transnational sonic solidarities among a diverse community of listeners across the Persian-speaking world and beyond.
Funerary Diversity and Cultural Continuity: The British Beaker Phenomenon Beyond the Stereotype
Authors: BLOXAM ANNA , PARKER PEARSON MIKE
Published: July 2022

The Beaker phenomenon in Britain is typically represented by a particular form of pottery and its inclusion in graves with flexed or crouched inhumations referred to as Beaker burials. Analysis of the full range of burial evidence, however, reveals a high degree of variability in funerary rites including cremation and skeletal disarticulation. Summed probability distribution analysis of radiocarbon dates provides evidence for continuity of these other, atypical rites from the pre-Beaker Late Neolithic (c.3000–2450 calbc) through the Chalcolithic (c.2450–2200 calbc) and into the Early Bronze Age (afterc.2200 calbc). Regional diversity is apparent in Beaker period funerary treatments and grave good provision between these typical and atypical rites, as is differential selection of rites on the basis of age and biological sex. This evidence for within and between community funerary diversity has implications for understanding the large-scale processes of cultural and genomic transformation across this period of major transition in British prehistory.
Chelatrematidae n. fam., a new family of digenetic trematodes from the South Western Ghats, India, erected on the basis of morphological and molecular studies
Authors: Jithila P.J. , Atopkin D.M. , Prasadan P.K.
Published: July 2022

On the basis of the morphological characterization of Chelatrema neilgherriensis Manjula & Janardanan, 2006 recovered from the freshwater fish Barilius gatensis (Valenciennes, 1844) in the Wayanad region of the Western Ghats, the diagnostic features of the genus Chelatrema Gupta & Kumari, 1973 have been modified. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of C. neilgherriensis and comparative morphology studies relative to members of other families of Gorgoderoidea Looss, 1901, this genus is placed in a new family Chelatrematidae n. fam. The studies revealed the molecular and morphological closeness of Chelatrema with Paracreptatrematina limi Amin & Myer, 1982, and the latter is transferred to this new family. Hence the new family Chelatrematidae n. fam. comprises the genera Chelatrema and Paracreptatrematina.
Dosimetric effect of modelling non-homogeneous LINAC couch using cone-beam computed tomography on quality assurance (QA) results
Authors: Banaei Amin , Bakhshandeh Mohsen , Golrokh-Nodehi Mohammad Rasa
Published: July 2022

Aim:

To evaluate the dosimetric effect of modelling a non-homogeneous couch on patients’ quality assurance (QA) gamma pass rates for intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) techniques.

Materials and Methods:

A non-homogeneous treatment couch (TxT 550 TTM, CIVCO, USA) was imaged using the LINAC mounted cone-beam computer tomography (CBCT) system. Modelling this couch in different situations, including incomplete (homogeneous model), correct model and not defined situations in the treatment planning system (TPS), was performed based on the geometrical and material densities data extracted from the CBCT images. Calculated gamma pass rates between TPS dose calculations and the measurements in a phantom for different couch models were obtained and compared at two gamma criteria (2%-2 mm and 3%-3 mm).

Results:

Comparing TPS calculations for the correct modelled couch and the measurements showed high gamma pass rates for both the IMRT and VMAT techniques (96·5 ±  0·9%, 99·2 ±  0·5% for IMRT in 2%-2 mm and 3%-3 mm criteria; 97·5 ±  0·8%, 99·4 ±  0·5% for VMAT). The overall gamma pass rate of the IMRT plan QAs was reduced by about 2% and 3% on average for incomplete and no couch modelling, respectively. These reductions for VMAT techniques were 2·5% and 4·3%, respectively.

Conclusions:

Non-homogeneous couches have different parts with different attenuations, which can be correctly defined using LINAC CBCT. Modelling of treatment couch has a significant effect on patient QA results for VMAT and IMRT plans, especially in radiation fields/subfield transmitting from the couch. We suggest using LINAC CBCTs as an appropriate device for couch modelling in modulated radiotherapy techniques.
Human Dignity in Legal Argumentation: A Functional Perspective
Authors: Horák Filip
Published: July 2022

A functional universalistic approach to human dignity in legal argumentation – a theory which applies three variables to define the functions of dignity: content width, argumentative power, and applicability before courts – relative individual right, objective value and source of human rights as legitimate basic functions – the problematic nature of hybrid functions created by blending the basic functions – a set of principles to avoid hybrid functions and minimise the problems caused by them – qualitative analysis of several examples of judgments by supreme, constitutional and international courts to support the theory