bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hidroelektrik santrallarda bakım çizelgeleme için hibrid bir model önerisi
Authors: ÖZCAN Evrencan , DANIŞAN Tuğba , EREN Tamer
Published: July 2020

Bakım,
endüstriyel işletmelerde üretim, personel ve malzeme ile eş zamanlı yönetilmesi
gereken önemli bir prosestir. Bu önemli prosesin kritik aşamalarının başında bakım
planlaması gelmektedir. Bakım planlaması için gerekli olan iki aşama
bulunmaktadır. İlk aşama bakım stratejilerinin belirlenmesi ve ikinci aşama ise
bakım çizelgelerinin oluşturulmasıdır. Bu çalışma, bakım planlamasının ilk
adımını oluşturan bakım strateji seçiminin gerçekleştirildiği bir çalışmanın
devamı olarak bakım çizelgelemesi için yapılmıştır. Bakım strateji seçimi için
gerçekleştirilen ilk adımdaki çalışmada, Türkiye’deki büyük ölçekli bir
hidroelektrik santralda yer alan 1330 elektriksel ekipman incelenmiş ve santral
açısından kritiklik seviyesi belirlenmiştir. Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (AHP), Technique
for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) ve Tam Sayılı
Programlama (TP) yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda bir zaman
çizelgesi doğrultusunda gerçekleştirilebilecek olan, periyodik bakım
stratejisinin uygulanabileceği kritik elektriksel 7 ana ekipman grubu
belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bu sonuçlar bakım planlamasındaki bakım çizelgeleme
aşamasını oluşturan bu çalışmada kullanılmıştır ve periyodik bakım
stratejisinin uygulanabileceği bu kritik elektriksel 7 ana ekipman grubu için
bakım çizelgesi oluşturulmuştur. Bakım çizelgeleme için yapılan bu çalışmanın ilk
aşamasında santralın bir yıllık üretim tahmini Yapay Sinir Ağı (YSA) yöntemi
ile gerçekleştirilmiş ve bu tahmin sonucunda elde edilen verilerden
çalışma-bakım süreleri hesaplanmıştır. Hesaplanan bu süreler TP modeline dahil
edilerek beş farklı periyodik bakım türü çizelgelenmiştir.
Aralıklı gri sayı tabanlı A-GİA ve gri EDAS yöntemleriyle rüzgar santrali yer seçimi
Authors: SUPÇİLLER Aliye Ayça , BAYRAMOĞLU Sena
Published: July 2020

Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının başında rüzgar enerjisi gelmektedir.
Birden çok kriteri esas alarak, çeşitli coğrafi yapıya ve rüzgar kaynaklarına
sahip çok sayıdaki yer içerisinden en uygun rüzgar enerjisine sahip konumu
seçme, çok kriterli karar verme problemlerinden biridir. Karar verme
problemlerinde, karar vericilerin kararlarının belirsiz olmasından dolayı,
sonuçların hassas olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, enerji konusundaki karar
verme problemlerindeki belirsizliğin giderilmesi için aralıklı gri sayılar ile
entegre edilmiş SWARA, A-GİA ve Gri EDAS yöntemleri kullanılarak rüzgar
santrali yer seçimi problemi ele alınmıştır. Literatür taraması ve uzmanlarla
görüşerek belirlenen kriterlerin ağırlıklarının bulunması amacıyla SWARA
yöntemi kullanılmış, kriterler dört karar verici tarafından
değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bu kriter ağırlıkları kullanılarak
alternatiflerin sıralanması için aralıklı gri sayı tabanlı A-GİA ile Gri EDAS
yöntemlerine başvurulmuş ve lokasyon sıralamaları belirlenmiştir. Aralıklı gri
sayılar, karar vericilerin kararını dilsel ifade ile temsil etmek için kullanılmıştır.
Uygulamalar sonucunda, rüzgar santrali yer seçimi için “Çeşme”, en uygun
lokasyon olarak bulunmuştur. Çalışma sonuçları, karar vericilere rapor olarak
sunulmuş ve çalışma karar vericiler tarafından doğrulanmıştır. Çalışmada rüzgar
santrali yer seçimi problemlerinde ilk kez kullanılan aralıklı gri sayı tabanlı
her iki yöntemin de kolay ve uygulanabilir olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Fonksiyonel derecelendirilmiş tüplerin enerji sönümleme davranışlarının sayısal incelenmesi
Authors: MERİÇ Dursun , GEDİKLİ Hasan
Published: July 2020

Bu çalışmada; alüminyum alaşımıAA6063’ den yapılmış farklı koniklik açısı (0°, 5° ve 10°) ve eksenel doğrultuda farklı kalınlığa (0,5 mm - 4 mm) sahip bölgelerden oluşmuş fonksiyonel derecelendirilmiş tüplerin (FDT) enerji sönümleme davranışları sayısal olarak incelenmiştir. Analizler sonucunda tüplerin deformasyon şekilleri, kuvvet-yer değiştirme ve enerji-zaman grafikleri elde edilmiştir. Farklı koniklik açıları için en düşük pik kuvvet ve en yüksek özgül enerji sönümleme (ÖES) değerlerini sağlayan optimum bölge kalınlıkları, İleri Beslemeli Yapay Sinir Ağları (İBYSA) tekniğini içeren optimizasyon yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Optimizasyon sonucunda elde edilen katman kalınlıkları fonksiyonel derecelendirilmiş tüpün enerji sönümleme davranışını iyileştirdiği görülmüştür.
Erzurum’un ilk planlama deneyimi: 1939 Lambert planı
Authors: DURSUN Doğan
Published: July 2020

Erzurum, Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında imar planı yapılarak modernleşmesi ve kalkınması hedeflenen kentlerimizden birisidir. ‘Lambert Planı’ adıyla anılan ve Erzurum kentinin çekirdek alanını oluşturan 1939 tarihli plan, Erzurum kentinin ilk planlama deneyimidir ve 1939 yılında Fransız plancı J.H.Lambert tarafından yapılmıştır. Görseline bugüne kadar hiçbir çalışmada yer verilmemiş olan plan 1939 ile 1957 yılları arasında Erzurum kent biçiminin gelişimine yön vermiştir. Bu çalışmada Lambert Planı, imar planı tekniğine uygun biçimde gün yüzüne çıkarılarak plan açıklama raporu olan “Erzurum’un Urbanizm Planı 1939’da” sunulan bilgiler ışığında irdelenmiş, plan kararları ve uygulanma düzeyleri incelenmiştir. Kentsel mekânın günümüzdeki hali bu plan kararları bağlamında sorgulanmış, plana uyan ve uymayan gelişmeler ortaya konmuştur. Çalışma kapsamında bir yandan planın Erzurum kent merkezinin günümüz dokusuna etkileri incelenirken diğer yandan yine bu planın 1933 yılı Yapı Yollar Kanunu’nun şehircilikle ilgili tanımladığı usul ve esaslara uygunluk düzeyi tartışılmıştır. İlk olarak plan öncesi döneme dair bilgiler verilerek Lambert’in kararlarına etki eden unsurlar ortaya konmuştur. Sonrasında Lambert Planı, kentsel alan kullanımları çerçevesinde (ulaşım, ticaret, konut, yeşil alanlar, koruma alanları, yeni bölgeler ve sanayi bölgeleri) hem 1933 Yapı Yollar Kanunu hem de günümüz yapılaşmaları açısından irdelenmiştir. Bütün bu hususlar ışığında Lambert Planı’nın Erzurum kenti mekânsal planlama tarihi açısından önemi ortaya konmuştur.
Kendini tekrarlayan derin sinir ağlarının öznitelik seçim yöntemleri ile iyileştirilmesi ve zaman serisi olarak ele alınan otomatik tanımlama sistemi verilerinde kullanımı
Authors: DOĞAN Yunus
Published: July 2020

Otomatik Tanımlama Sistemi (AIS), deniz taşımacılığının, çarpışma, yangın ve tehlikeli veya kirletici maddelerin dökülmesi gibi risklere sahip olması nedeniyle günümüzde zorunlu hale gelmiş gözlem ve analiz sistemidir. Literatürde, bu tehlikeli durumların önceden tespitinin yapılıp, gemilerin kontrollü ve güvenli seyahatlerini gerçekleştirmeleri için AIS verilerinin kullanıldığı temel matematiksel modellerin, istatistiksel modellerin ve makine öğrenmesi algoritmaların uygulamalarını görebilmekteyiz. Bu çalışmada AIS verileri zaman serileri bakış açısıyla ele alınmış ve geleneksel rota tahminleme modeli yanında; Bütünleşik Otoregresif Hareketli Ortalama, Çok Katmanlı Algılayıcı (ÇKA) ve Kendini Tekrarlayan Derin Sinir Ağları (KT-DSA) ile farklı modeller oluşturularak doğruluk karşılaştırmaları yapılmıştır. Ayrıca ÇKA ve KT-DSA modellerinde, öznitelik seçim tekniklerinden yararlanılarak nitelikler ağırlıklandırılmış ve bu iyileştirilmelerle yeni algoritmalar önerilmiştir. Öznitelik seçimlerinden Relief, Pearson’nun Korelasyonu, Kazanım Oranı ve Bilgi Kazanımı (BK) metotları kullanılmış ve verdikleri rota ve çarpışma tahminlemelerinin doğrulukları karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu doğruluk testlerinde kullanılmak üzere veri seti olarak belirli zamanlara ait Çanakkale Boğazı ve Marmara Denizi AIS verilerinden faydalanılmıştır. Sonuçlara bakıldığında Çanakkale Boğazı’ndaki gemilerin doğrusal bir hareket yapısına sahip olmasından dolayı tüm yaklaşımların birbirine yakın ve yüksek doğruluklara sahip olduğu gözlemlenirken, düzensiz yapısından dolayı Marmara Denizi’nde en iyi sonucu veren yaklaşımın BK ile iyileştirilmiş KT-DSA olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Metal-kauçuk bileşenli kasnak parçasının mekanik davranışının tespit edilmesi, sonlu elemanlar yöntemi ile analizi ve testlerle doğrulanması
Authors: UĞUZ Agah , PENEKLİ Ufuk
Published: July 2020

Bu çalışmada, triger kayışı vasıtasıyla motorda hareket aktarımını sağlayan kasnak parçasının mekanik davranışı sonlu elemanlar yöntemiyle incelenmiş ve deneylerle doğrulanmıştır. Kauçuk malzemelerin sonlu elemanlar yöntemiyle analizinde kullanılan hiperelastik malzeme modellerinin oluşturulabilmesi için tek eksenli çekme ve kayma deneyleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu deneylerden elde edilen sonuçlarla hiperelastik malzeme katsayıları hesaplanmıştır ve doğrulanmıştır. Doğrulanan malzeme modeliyle kasnak geometrisi modellenmiş farklı burulma açıları altında yer değiştirmeler, gerilmeler ve burulmadan kaynaklanan momentler incelenmiştir. Yapılan kasnak analizlerinin doğruluğunun teyit edilebilmesi için de kasnak burulma test cihazı tasarlanmış ve imal edilmiştir. Kullanılan malzeme modeli ve analiz yöntemiyle elde edilen sonuçların deneylerle doğrulanmasından sonra kasnak geometrisi üzerinde geometrik iyileştirmeler yapılarak, aynı yükleme koşulları altında kauçuk malzeme üzerindeki gerilme mertebeleri düşürülmüş ve kasnak parçasının kullanım ömrü uzatılabilmiştir.
Features of heat and mass exchange in laminar flows of micro and nanofluids in tubes and channels
Authors: Kizilova N. , Tkachenko Ye.
Published: July 2020

In recent years, high efficiency of using suspensions of nanoparticles for cooling of the operating systems compared to a homogeneous liquid has been shown, and the parameters of suspensions effective for various specific devices have been selected in experiments. A brief review of the relevant experimental data, as well as mathematical models of the flow of micro- and nanofluids, based on the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with boundary conditions accounting for tangential momentum transfer of the particles and temperature jump due to diffuse reflection at rough walls, are presented. For the case of a laminar flow between infinite parallel plates with constant heat fluxes through the plates, an analytical solution is obtained for the velocity and temperature fields. Numerical calculations showed that with an increase in the momentum transfer coefficients at the plates, the flow accelerates significantly, which contributes to an increase in volumetric flow with the same pressure drop across the channel due to a decrease in the shear stress at the wall. Correspondingly, the heat transfer through the plates and the heat removal with the fluid flow increase. Based on the obtained analytical relationships, it is possible to select the parameters of the plate surfaces in such a way as to optimize the system, for example, to reduce the energy loss due to viscous and thermal dissipation or to obtain uniform temperature distributions in the liquid with asymmetric heat flows through the plates.
A Method to Directly EstimateS-Wave Site Amplification Factor from Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio of Earthquakes (eHVSRs)
Authors: Ito Eri , Nakano Kenichi , Nagashima Fumiaki , Kawase Hiroshi
Published: July 2020

The main purpose of the site classification or velocity determination at a target site is to obtain or estimate the horizontal site amplification factor (HSAF) at that site during future earthquakes because HSAF would have significant effects on the strong-motion characteristics. We have been investigating various kinds of methods to delineate the S-wave velocity structures and the subsequent HSAF, as precisely as possible. After the advent of the diffuse field concept, we have derived a simple formula based on the equipartitioned energy density observed in the layered half-space for incident body waves. In this study, based on the diffuse field concept, together with the generalized spectral inversion technique (GIT), we propose a method to directly estimate the HSAF of the S-wave portion from the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio of earthquakes (eHVSRs). Because the vertical amplification is included in the denominator of eHVSR, it cannot be viewed as HSAF without correction. We used GIT to determine both the HSAF and the vertical site amplification factor (VSAF) simultaneously from strong-motion data observed by the networks in Japan and then deduced the log-averaged vertical amplification correction function (VACF) from VSAFs at a total of 1678 sites in which 10 or more earthquakes have been observed. The VACF without a category has a constant amplitude of about 2 in the frequency range from 1 to 15 Hz. By multiplying eHVSR by VACF, we obtained the simulated HSAF. We verified the effectiveness of this correction method using data from observation sites not used in the aforementioned averaging in the frequency range from 0.12 to 15 Hz.
Rupture Directivity of the 2019 Mw 5.8 Changning, Sichuan, China, Earthquake and Implication for Induced Seismicity
Authors: Li Wei , Ni Sidao , Zang Chong , Chu Risheng
Published: July 2020

On 17 June 2019, an ML 6.0 earthquake struck the Changning county in Sichuan Province of China, causing substantial casualties and property losses. The earthquake is the largest and the most damaging event in the Changning area and close to shale gas and salt mining production region. To investigate the possibility of the earthquake being induced, we resolve its rupture dimension and hypocentral depth via modeling of local seismic waveforms. The result reveals that its hypocentral depth is about 4 km, much shallower than most tectonic earthquake in surrounding regions. From moment tensor inversion (nodal plane 1 [NP1], strike 125°/dip 46°/rake 28°; NP2, strike 14°/dip 70°/rake 132°), the earthquake is found to be a strike-slip event with significant thrust component. We resolved rupture directivity via measuring the difference between centroid location and hypocenter location, and found that the causative fault is NP1 and ruptured northwestward with length about 14 km. Based on its shallow hypocentral depth, and proximity to nearby mining regions, we hypothesize that the Changning earthquake might be an induced event due to long-term fluid injection for salt mining. However, interdisciplinary studies are needed to test the hypothesis, including simulation of fluid migration and investigation of background stress as well as resolving mechanical parameters of the rocks in the epicentral regions.
ShakeAlert Earthquake Early Warning System Performance during the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence
Authors: Chung Angela I. , Meier Men-Andrin , Andrews Jennifer , Böse Maren , Crowell Brendan W. , McGuire Jeffrey J. , Smith Deborah E.
Published: July 2020

During July 2019, a sequence of earthquakes, including an Mw 6.4 foreshock and an Mw 7.1 mainshock, occurred near Ridgecrest, California. ShakeAlert, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) earthquake early warning system being developed for the U.S. West Coast, was operational during this time, although public alerting was only available within Los Angeles County. ShakeAlert created alert messages for the two largest events and for many of the larger aftershocks. In this study, we dissect log files and replay data through the system to reconstruct the sequence of events and analyze the performance of the system during that period. Although the system performed reasonably well overall, the sequence also revealed various issues and short comings that will be addressed in impending and future system upgrades. ShakeAlert detected and characterized both the Mw 6.4 and Mw 7.1 earthquakes within 6.9 s of their origin times and created alert messages that were available to ShakeAlert’s pilot users. No public alerts were sent out by the ShakeAlertLA cell phone app (the only publicly available alerting method at the time), because the predicted shaking for Los Angeles County was below the app’s alerting threshold of modified Mercalli intensity 4.0. For the Mw 6.4 event, this was accurate. For the Mw 7.1 event, public alerts for Los Angeles County were warranted, but ShakeAlert underpredicted the shaking levels, because both the point-source and finite-fault algorithms underestimated the magnitude of the earthquake by 0.8 units. A number of software and hardware issues that were responsible for the magnitude underestimation of the mainshock have been identified and will be addressed in future ShakeAlert releases. We also analyze the hypothetical alerting performance of ShakeAlert had public alerting been available throughout southern California.
San Andreas Fault Exploration Using Refraction Tomography andS-Wave-Type and Fϕ-Mode Guided Waves
Authors: Catchings Rufus D. , Rymer Michael J. , Goldman Mark R.
Published: July 2020

Surface ruptures from the 18 April 1906 M∼7.9 San Francisco earthquake were distributed over an ∼35-meter-wide zone at San Andreas Lake on the San Francisco Peninsula in California (Schussler, 1906). Since ∼1906, the surface ruptures have been largely covered by water, but with water levels at near-historic low levels in 2008–2011, we observed that the 1906 surface ruptures were no longer visible. As a fault imaging test, we acquired refraction tomography and guided-wave data across the 1906 surface ruptures in 2011. We found that individual fault traces, as mapped by Schussler (1906), can be identified on the basis of discrete low-velocity zones (VS and VP, reduced ∼40% and ∼34%, respectively) and high-amplitude guided waves. Guided waves have traditionally been observed as large-amplitude waveforms over wide (hundreds of meters to kilometers) zones of faulting, but we demonstrate that by evaluating guided waves (including Rayleigh/Love- and P/SV-types) in terms of peak ground velocity (PGV), individual near-surface fault traces within a fault zone can be precisely located, even more than 100 yr after the surface ruptures. Such precise exploration can be used to focus paleoseismic trenching efforts and to identify or exclude faulting at specific sites. We evaluated PGV of both S-wave-type and Fϕ-mode-type guided waves and found that both wave types can be used to identify subsurface fault traces. At San Andreas Lake (main fault), S-wave-type guided waves travel up to 18% slower than S body waves, and Fϕ-mode guided waves travel ∼60% slower than P body waves but ∼15% faster than S body waves. We found that guided-wave amplitudes vary with frequency but are up to five times higher than those of body waves, including the S wave. Our data are consistent with the concept that guided waves can be a strong-shaking hazard during large-magnitude earthquakes.
Seeking Inclusion through Local Entrepreneurship Training Initiatives in Low-Income Communities
Authors: Garcia Silvia C , Ustymchuk Nina
Published: July 2020

Understanding the role of local resources in enabling or constraining the development of entrepreneurial activities in urban communities holds important implications for community placed-based initiatives led by urban universities. This article analyzes the societal and interpersonal factors that affect the outcomes of an entrepreneurship center created in 2016, in partnership with an urban university within a low-income community adjacent to campus. The center was created to address the needs of local residents wanting to launch new businesses, as well as supporting small business owners in the neighborhood who desire to grow their businesses and capitalize on the neighborhood’s proximity to large city anchors. The study uses a mixed research design to understand, through the voice of residents and local business owners, the potential of the center as a catalyst for local entrepreneurship and inclusion, and proposes ways in which community resources can be used to bolster entrepreneurial success. Results reveal the need to strengthen local entrepreneurs’ social capital and social competences in order to promote access to financial and business resources. Local businesses must be used as significant assets to build upon in order to strengthen entrepreneurial capacities and cultivate community attitudes towards entrepreneurship.
Comparison of the effectiveness between epidural methylprednisolone injection and intranasal calcitonin in reduction of back pain due to osteoporosis in postmenopausal patients: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rajkumari Kanti , Joy Singh Akoijam , Nilachandra Singh Longjam
Published: July 2020

Background: Back pain is a common symptom in osteoporotic patients due to spinal compression fracture. Conservative management like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and spinal orthoses has not been able to produce early pain relief. Intranasal calcitonin spray is considered effective because of its analgesic effect and increase in bone density. Role of epidural steroid injection for the treatment of osteoporotic back pain has not been studied. This study was conducted to find out the efficacy of epidural methylprednisolone injection in management of osteoporotic back pain in postmenopausal patients.

Methods: Hundred patients with osteoporotic back pain in postmenopausal subjects were allocated into two groups: epidural and calcitonin. Epidural group received a single dose of interlaminar epidural steroid injection with methylprednisolone 80 mg. Calcitonin group received one puff of 200 IU given through one nostril followed to the other nostril the next day. Visual analogue scale for pain was the outcome measurement used. Pain relief at rest within 7 days was taken as early pain relief and within 21days as late pain relief. Pain relief after 21st day was considered no response. Test of significance was done by Kaplan Meier, Chi square and Fisher exact tests.

Results: Out of 50 patients, 38 patients in the epidural group got pain relief within 7 days and the finding was statistically significant.

Conclusions: Epidural methylprednisolone gives faster pain relief as early as the first post-injection day with a median value of 2 days against 15 days in case of intranasal calcitonin spray.
Comparison between prolozone therapy and extracorporeal shockwave therapy in management of pain and function in resistant cases of lateral epicondylitis: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Chabungbam Margaret , Singh Akoijam Joy , Singh Longjam Nilachandra , Ningthemba Yumnam , C. Sreejith , Moirangthem Janet , Pilania Chandrakant , Opo Tasso
Published: July 2020

Background: Lateral epicondylitis also known as the tennis elbow is a painful condition of the elbow caused by overuse. The disease imparts significant disability to those affected in terms of the quantity and quality of work done.Methods: A randomised controlled trial was conducted in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, RIMS, Imphal for a period of 1 year from February 2017 to January 2018. Eighty-four patients with resistant lateral epicondylitis recruited were divided into 2 groups- group A received Prolozone injection while group B underwent Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (ESWT).Results: Assessments of VAS (Visual Analog Scale) and PRTEE (Patient Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation) were done at 8 weeks and 24 weeks. The mean VAS score in Prolozone group improved from 7.22±0.89 to 4.04±1.01 at 8 weeks to 1.67±0.70 at end of 24 weeks. In ESWT group, mean VAS score improved to 3.91±0.72 at 8 weeks and reduced to 2.3±0.68 at end of 24 weeks. PRTEE improved significantly in both the groups, from 85.33±3.29 to 24.87±2.10 in Prolozone group, and from 85.17±2.83 to 41.89±3.17 in ESWT group.Conclusions: The improvement in pain and disability is better in prolozone group than ESWT (p<0.05) in chronic lateral epicondylitis.
Basilar artery thrombosis due to hyperhomocysteinemia treated conservatively: a therapeutic success
Authors: Sharma Deepak , Atam Virendra , Majumdar Avirup , Hashim Mohammed
Published: July 2020

Basilar artery thrombosis is a rare and potentially fatal cause of posterior circulation stroke. Among the various etiologies, hyperhomocysteinemia is crucial and often under diagnosed, especially in developing countries. Authors describe the case of a 15-year male who presented with 1-day history of headache, vomiting and altered mental status. Non-contrast CT Head revealed multiple acute infarcts in posterior circulation of brain. Laboratory investigations revealed hyperhomocysteinemia. Contrast enhanced MRI Brain showed acute infarcts in bilateral cerebellar hemispheres, pons, midbrain, medulla and vermis. MR venography was suggestive of Basilar Artery thrombosis. Thrombolysis was not done due to delayed presentation; hence authors resorted to conservative management with folic acid and vitamin B supplementation. The patient showed gradual clinical improvement and had complete clinical recovery during follow up visit. A favorable outcome with conservative management of basilar artery thrombosis is rarely reported in literature.
Dynamics of chronic diseases in metro and non-metro regions of India: evidence from India Human Development Survey I and II
Authors: Srivastava Shobhit , Anwar Tarique , Patel Ratna , Chauhan Shekhar
Published: July 2020

Background: The growth of metropolitan cities had significantly contributed to the process of urbanization in India. About two-fifth of the urban population, out of total India’s urban population, live in 35 metropolitan cities. It is important to look into the disease dynamics in the population of metro and non-metro regions of India. The study aims to find the differences in the distribution of chronic diseases in metro and non-metro regions of India and depicts the contributions of background factors causing a change in the prevalence of chronic diseases in metro and non-metro regions of India.

Methods: Data from India Human Development Survey (IHDS) I and II conducted in 2004 and 2012 respectively have been used. Bivariate analysis has been performed to find the association between independent variables and chronic diseases, and logistic regression has been used to find the effect of predictor variables on chronic diseases by metro and non-metro regions. Fairlie decomposition technique has been used to find the contribution of each predictor variable accounting for differences in chronic diseases between metro and non-metro regions.  

Results: Age, sex, socio-economic status (education and wealth), alcohol consumption, tobacco consumption, and body mass index status are significantly associated with chronic conditions in metro regions of India. Age, wealth, and developed regions contributed most to the differences in chronic diseases between metro and non-metro areas.

Conclusions: Metro regions in India suffers from a massive burden of chronic conditions. Metro regions should be given a special focus to tackle the menace of chronic diseases.

 
Desarrollo de un software académico para el cálculo de carga térmica para la asignatura de Aires acondicionados en la Universidad de Pamplona
Authors: LatorreH. Martha G. , FlórezR Elkin G. , SerranoR. Juan C.
Published: July 2020

Este trabajo presenta el desarrollo de un programaen Matlab®para calcularla carga térmica de enfriamiento en un ambientea partir del uso de tres métodos; el método deDiferencial de Temperatura de Carga de Refrigeración (CLTD), el método deFactores de Carga de Refrigeración (CLF) y el método deCarga de Refrigeración Solar (SCL), los cuales están aprobadospor la Sociedad Americana de Ingenieros de Calefacción, Refrigeración y Acondicionamiento de Aire (ASHRAE, por sus siglas en inglés). La integración de estos métodos facilita la obtención de la carga térmica generada por cada uno de los elementos presentes en el ambiente, ya sean estructurales, de ocupación o de equipamiento,por lo tanto, se puedeidentificar rápida y claramente cuáles de ellos generan mayor carga térmica para tomar decisiones ingenieriles que favorezcan la reduccióndel consumo energético
Obtaining a hematite pigment by thermal transformation of the surface oxide of reinforcing steel bars
Authors: Colpas-Ruiz MaríaAngélica , Gnecco-Molina Camilo , Pérez-Mendoza José , Higuera-Cobos Oscar , Jiménez-Rodríguez Gabriel
Published: July 2020

En esta investigación,se reporta la valorización de la cascarilla de óxido superficial de varillas de acero al carbono mediante su transformación térmica en un pigmento compuesto principalmente por hematita (ɑ-Fe2O3). Se utilizó la Fluorescencia de Rayos X (XRF) yla Difracción deRayos X (XRD) para determinar el contenido elemental del residuo procesado e identificar los óxidos de hierro involucrados en la calcinación, respectivamente. El residuo siderúrgico en polvo se compone mayoritariamente por Fe2O3(87.92 %), SiO2 (6.13%),CaO (1.88 %), Al2O3(1.30 %) y MnO (0.77 %). El contenido total de hierro tiene principalmente el siguiente contenido en óxidos de hierro: magnetita, maghemita, wustita, lepidocrocita, hematita y goetita. El tratamiento térmico del residuo a temperaturas de 750-850 °C y tiempos de sostenimiento de 0.5-1.50 h, evidenció una alta conversión de los óxidos de hierro precursores en hematita, con porcentajes de esta fase que oscilan entre 86.4 y 94.6 %. La mayor obtención de hematita se logró a una condiciónde 850 °C y 1.00 h.
Transgressing CSR on the organizational value chain: How natural resource companiesgreenwash their processes
Authors: Contreras-Pacheco Orlando E.
Published: July 2020

This work addresses the question of how companies belonging tothe natural resource industryuse togreenwash their processes. For this purpose, a multi-case approach with five different cases in the Colombian context is adopted. Through the data analysis, an exemplification of each value chain greenwashing transgression at the company level is provided. Besides highlighting a real-life problematic with several implications in a sensitive context, the contributions of this work are twofold. First, this work contributes to reinforcing the notion of greenwashing and related transgressions by clarifying a concrete way of identifying certain deceptive practices related to the organizational value chain under conditions. Second, this work promotes the transferability of the concepts used for elucidating the reality of the value chain greenwashing phenomenon at different levels and in various contexts
Research on News Editing Skills of Radio Stations Based on New Media Era
Authors: Meng Qingli
Published: July 2020

With the continuous development of Internet technology, the development of radio stations has encountered great challenges. Facing the current situation, how to effectively deal with the news gathering and editing work plays a vital role in the further development of radio stations. For this reason, this paper briefly analyzes the news editing skills of radio stations under the new media environment, with a view to providing some references for the radio and television industry.
Fuerzas Armadas y Seguridad Pública: estudio comparado de la legislación en Ecuador y Brasil
Authors: Jiménez Villarreal Roberto Xavier , Franchi Tássio
Published: July 2020

En este trabajo se realiza un estudio comparado de la legislación de Brasil y Ecuador relacionada con la participación de Fuerzas Armadas (FFAA) en actividades de seguridad pública, buscando comprender la evolución de las bases legales de los países. Se escogieron el process tracing y la historia comparada como base metodológica debido a que en el trabajo se observa el proceso histórico y también se correlacionan las peculiaridades y riesgos del empleo de las Fuerzas Armadas en seguridad pública en el Ecuador y Operaciones de Garantía de la Ley y el Orden, en Brasil. Se parte del supuesto de que la participación del Ejército en las actividades de seguridad pública influye en su misión fundamental. Para esto, fueron analizadas constituciones, legislaciones específicas y hechos que las Fuerzas Armadas han afrontado en este tipo de operaciones. Los resultados muestran las bases constitucionales para ejecutar este tipo de operaciones en ambos países, sus implicaciones y la discusión académica frente al empleo de FFAA en actividades de seguridad pública, con leyes más recientes regulando y ampliando el empleo de Fuerzas Armadas en las últimas décadas.
Las Fuerzas Armadas de Chile: su historia, su presente y su proyecto de sociedad
Authors: Caro Isaac , Flores Fuenzalida Alejandro
Published: July 2020

En este artículo se analiza el papel de las Fuerzas Armadas chilenas en relación con la identidad cultural. Se distinguen cuatro períodos en la historia del Ejército, de acuerdo con la principal influencia nacional que ha recibido: española, francesa, alemana y estadounidense. La importancia de este tema radica en el papel fundamental que las Fuerzas Armadas asumen a lo largo de la historia de Chile y, particularmente, en el período de la dictadura militar 1973-1989. Con base en los eventos registrados en octubre de 2019, con la declaración del estado de emergencia en Chile, y, posteriormente en marzo de 2020, con el estado de emergencia sanitaria, los institutos armados una vez más tienen prioridad en los debates de política nacional.
Evaluation of Larvicidal Efficacy of Ricinus communis (Castor) Plant Extract and Synthesized Green Silver Nanoparticles against Aedes albopictus
Authors: Waris Muhammad , Nasir Shabab , Rasule Azhar , Yousaf Iqra
Published: July 2020

Background: Aedes mosquitoes are the most important group of vectors having ability of transmitting pathogens including arboviruses that can cause serious diseases like Chikungunya fever, Dengue fever and Zika virus in human. Biosynthesis and the use of green silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is an important step in the search of reliable and ecofriendly control of these vectors.
Methods: In this study an aqueous leaves extract of Ricinus communis (castor) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from this extract were evaluated as larvicidal agent for 2 nd and 3rd instar larvae of the Aedes albopictus. Different concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200 and 250ppm) of plant extract and synthesized nanoparticles were prepared and applied on second and third instar larvae. The percent mortality was noted after 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48H of exposure and subjected to probit analysis to calculate LC50 and LC90.
Results: Synthesized Ag+ nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (XRD). The nanoparticles were more toxic against larvae of Ae. albopictus with LC50 value (49.43ppm) and LC90 value (93.65ppm) for 2nd instar larvae and LC50 (84.98ppm) and LC90 (163.89ppm) for 3rd instar larvae as compared to the plant extract (149.58ppm, 268.93ppm) and (155.58ppm, 279.93ppm) for 2nd and 3rd instar larvae of Ae. albopictus respectively after 48H.
Conclusion: Our results suggest the extract of R. communis and synthesized nanoparticles as excellent replacement of chemical pesticides to control the vector mosquitoes.
Epidemiological Characteristics of Scorpionism in West Azerbaijan Province, Northwest of Iran
Authors: Firooziyan Samira , Sadaghianifar Ali , Rafinejad Javad , Vatandoost Hassan , Bavani Mulood Mohammadi
Published: July 2020

Background: There are four medically important scorpion species (Mesobuthus eupeus, Mesobuthus caucasicus, Androctonus crassicauda and Hottentotta saulcyi) in the West Azerbaijan Province, northwestern Iran. scorpionism is considered as a health problem in this region, because there is no information about scorpion envenomation, this study was designed to study epidemiological characteristics of scorpionism to optimize prevention and treatment of scorpion sting in northwest of Iran.
Methods: All the data from epidemiological surveys completed in West Azerbaijan hospitals over four years (2014– 2017) for scorpion victims were collected. This information includes the number of victims, sex, age, signs and symptoms, site of sting, body parts of victims, history of previous sting, the condition of the patient in terms of recovery and death, and the time to receive anti venom, all data were analyzed by the Excel software.
Results: A total of 2718 cases of scorpionism were reported from March 2014 to March 2017 in the study area. The most cases occur in both sexes in the age groups of 25 to 34 years old. In urban areas 40.3% of people and in rural areas 59.7% of them have suffered. The Poldasht and Chaldoran cities, had the most and least incidence respectively.
Conclusion: In this study, the high risk areas in the case of scorpion stings were identified. Results of this study can be used to design preventive programs to educate more people about dangerous areas to prevent scorpion sting and even death.
Evaluation of Susceptibility of Aedes caspius (Diptera: Culicidae) to Insecticides in a potent arboviral-prone Area, Southern Iran
Authors: Hassandoust Sahar , Moosa-Kazemi Seyed Hassan , Vatandoost Hassan , Sedaghat Mohammad Mehdi , Akbarzadeh Kamran
Published: July 2020

Background: Southern part of the country is a high risk for mosquito transmitted Arboviruses. This study was carried out to determine the base line susceptibility of the Aedini mosquitoes to the WHO-recommended insecticide.
Methods: Larval collection was carried out by dipping method and adult collection occurred by suction tube from January to December 2017. The adult susceptibility test was assessed to Bendiocarb 0.1%, DDT 4%, Deltamethrin 0.05%, Lambda-cyhalothrin 0.05%, Malathion 5% and, Permethrin 0.75% at different interval times as well as at discriminative dose recommended by WHO. The larval susceptibility test was occurred using Temephos and Bacillus thuringiensis serotype H-14, at different concentrations. The LT50, LT90 and LC50, LC90 values were calculated for plotting the regression line using Microsoft office Excel software ver. 2007.
Results: Aedes caspius was quite resistant to DDT, Malathion, Bendiocarb and showed susceptible or tolerant to other insecticides.The LT50 and LT90 values to DDT in this species were 157.896, and 301.006 minutes, respectively. The LC50 and LC90 values of Ae. caspius to Temephos were 0.000068, and 0.000130ppm, the figures for B. thuringiensis was 111.62 and 210.2ppm, respectively.
Conclusion: A routine and continuous study for monitoring and evaluation of different species of Aedes to insectides is recommend at different parts of country for decision making.
A study on effect of silica fume and surface penetrant on bonding strength for overlaying
Authors: Shibao Hayato , Mizan Mahmudul Hasan , Ueda Tamon , Miyaguchi Katsuichi , Takahashi Jun Takahashi
Published: July 2020

Currently, concrete structures are at risk of deteriorating conditions due to their exposure to various severe environments. Repairing and strengthening these structures is a better solution than replacing them by new constructions. As a retrofitting method, the top/bottom surface overlaying or jacketing method is commonly used around the world. In this method, polymer cement mortar (PCM) is sprayed/troweled onto the surfaces of concrete, and PCM adhesive strengthens the concrete structures. However, the concrete-PCM interface is considered to be the weakest part of a structure, and it may cause brittle fracture. This study focused on how this interface can be strengthened more effectively to prevent brittle fractures and investigated the effects of applying surface penetrant and silica fume from the perspective of chemical reactions. In addition, the reaction time relationship between PCM hydration and surface penetrant application time is also investigated based on a preliminary experiment. Mixing silica fume into PCM was conclusively found to strengthen the interface bonding strength in some conditions. Applying surface penetrant to an interface could decrease the interface strength if the application time was inappropriate. However, the results of an application time experiment indicated that it is possible to strengthen the interface via the surface penetrant.
Effect of initial curing conditions on air permeability and de- icing salt scaling resistance of surface concrete
Authors: Zhang Meng , Sakoi Yuki , Aba Minoru , Tsukinaga Yoichi
Published: July 2020

Enhancing the surface quality of concrete is a key to improve the durability of reinforced concrete. Surface concrete can protect steel bars from corrosion due to the migration of gas, water and ion from the surrounding environment. Therefore, the influence of the initial curing on air permeability and the de-icing salt scaling resistance of surface concrete were investigated in this paper. Firstly, existing bridge structures in the cold region of Japan were surveyed with visual rating and non-destructive test (NDT) for the surface quality of concrete. Secondly, the concrete specimens were prepared for different curing conditions and methods including cold weather concreting, heat or non-heat-supply curing, ex- tending demold period and water-retention sheet. These results showed that concrete curing with sheet or permeability formwork was better than curing in air. Especially, utilizing permeability formwork is greatly effective for the attainment of high surface quality of concrete. Simultaneously, focus on cold weather concreting, could evaluate the appropriate curing period combining with the surface air perme- ability and the de-icing salt scaling resistance of concrete. The surface concrete has better de-icing salt frost resistance, when the surface air permeability coefficient is below 1×10-16m2 or the initial curing period is more than three weeks.
INDICATIONS FOR THE SURGICAL TREATMENT IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH COMPLICATED CROWN DISEASE (REVIEW OF LITERATURE)
Authors: Shcherbakova O. V. , Razumovskiy A. Yu.
Published: July 2020

The article presents the features of Crohn’s disease in childhood and adolescence, the modern classification of the disease, indications for surgical treatment and algorithm of the therapeutic tactics in the complicated course of the disease. The variants of surgical treatment of chronic complications of Crohn’s disease are demonstrated. Surgery for severe Crohn’s disease can be regarded not only as an aid in complications of the disease, but also as a good alternative to conservative treatment.
A TREATMENT OPTION FOR THE DISTAL FORM OF HYPOSPADIA WITH THE USE OF F-II TECHNIQUES (HODGSON-II MODIFICATION)
Authors: Fayzulin A. K. , Mashkov A. E. , Sharkov S. M. , Sobolevskiy A. B. , Sobolevskiy A. A. , Strelkina L. A. , Kolosova P. A. , Chuprikov V. V.
Published: July 2020

Introduction. At the moment present, the problem of choosing the method of correction of distal hypospadias due to persistent numerous postoperative complications has not been completely solved. The most frequent complications are fistulas, stenoses and lysis of neo-urethra. Distal hypospadias is divided into distal stem, coronary and capitate. Features of the anatomical structure of the head, prep and meatus in children with hypospadia are often explained by a deficit of plastic material, which can lead to mistakes in the choice of the method of urethroplasty. The current principles of plastic surgery still do not completely eliminate postoperative complications. Material and methods. Since 2004, due to using the F-II procedure 208 operations have been performed without complications mentioned above. At the moment, the long-term results are being investigated. Results. Prolonged search for the optimal approach for the correction of distal forms of hypospadias suggests the need to modify the Hodgson-II technique and introduce it into clinical practice. In this article, the advantages and principal differences of the operation of F-II in comparison with Hodgson-II modification, a brief literary reference about the current world studies of the complications of distal urethroplasty are presented. Conclusion. When using the urethroplasty with a displaced prepuce flap according to the F-II procedure, we get an advantage over the stock of plastic material in comparison with urethroplasty by local tissues. Compared with the Hodgson technique, we get the best cosmetic and functional result.
GASTROSCHISIS IN THE COMBINATION WITH MULTIPLE INTESTINAL MALFORMATIONS
Authors: Chepurnoy M. G. , Chepurnoy G. I. , Katsupeev V. B. , Arutyunov A. V. , Leyga A. V. , Dmitriev S. G. , Varicheva N. V. , Astakhov R. E. , Semeshin A. V. , Lukash Yu. V.
Published: July 2020

There is described multi-stage surgical treatment of patients with gastroschisis in combination with jejunal atresia, enterocystoma in the ileocecal region and isolated conglomerate of the malformed intestinal loops. At the first stage the end jejunal tube was placed, at the second phase -- side anastomosis was created between jejunum and ascending part of the colon. Later jejunal tube was closed.
CONSERVATIVE CURE OF A CHILD WITH RUPTURE OF THE POSTERIOR PHARYNGEAL WALL
Authors: Dmitriev S. G. , Chepurnoy M. G. , Pushkar’ I. Yu. , Kovalev M. V.
Published: July 2020

The authors present an observation of the 3-year-old child with the perforating wound of the posterior pharyngeal wall caused by a drumstick, happened in the mouth during the fall. Starting mediastinitis was managed to stop with a massive antibiotic therapy and parenteral nutrition of the child, and then nutrition via a nasogastric tube.
MODERN CAUSATIVE PATHOGENS OF PERITONITIS IN CASES OF THE PERFORATION OF THE STOMACH, SMALL INTESTINE OR COLON IN CHILDREN AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE DIFFERENTIATED TREATMENT OF PATIENTS
Authors: Gisak S. N. , Sklyarova E. A. , Vecherkin V. A. , Chernykh A. V. , Maleev Yu. V. , Ptitsyn V. A. , Lunev B. V. , Baranov D. A. , Shestakov A. A. , Koryashkin P. V.
Published: July 2020

67 purulent peritonitis children (excluding newborns) aged of from 1.5 months to 15 years treated in the hospital from 2007 to 2016 for gastric or intestinal perforation at different levels were examined. These children were divided in 2 groups of patients with purulent peritonitis, matched for the gender, age and severity of the disease. The control group of the examined patients comprised 36 children, who were treated in the period of 2007-2012 for a purulent peritonitis of non-appendiceal genesis. The main group of cases included 31purulent peritonitis patients with perforation of the stomach or intestines, who was treated during the period of 2012--2016. In all 67 patients in both groups, the causes of perforation of the hollow organs - the stomach, small intestine or large intestine - with the development of purulent peritonitis were detected and remained the same for years. The severity of the course of purulent peritonitis of non-appendiceal genesis and the difficulty of treating such patients mostly depended on the patient’s age, disease nosology and background diseases. The basis for successful implementation of the treatment is the difference in the etiology of the disease and the degree of danger of the pathogen of the purulent process, depending on the level of perforation of the intestinal tube. Virulence of the pathogen and antibiotic susceptibility of purulent mono- or mixt-infection significantly influenced the severity of purulent peritonitis and the outcome of the treatment. The authors developed and proposed a complex of the differentiated etiopathogenetic treatment of patients with purulent peritonitis of non-appendiceal genesis with a decrease in the mortality rate. The basis for the successful implementation of the treatment is the difference in the etiology of the disease and the degree of danger of the pathogen of the purulent process, depending on the level of perforation of the intestinal tube.