bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physiotherapy for the management of temporomandibular disorders: Findings from United Kingdom practice
Authors: Weden Alexander , Bateman Phillip , Gordon Cathy , Hodgson Nicola , Durham Justin
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are the most common source of non‐odontogenic orofacial pain in the United Kingdom. International evidence suggests that Physiotherapy can improve the symptoms of a TMD. The objective of this observational study was to see if physiotherapy in the United Kingdom can improve the symptoms of patients with a TMD in light of the variability of physiotherapy practice worldwide.

Materials and Methods

Sociodemographic, TMD diagnosis and outcome data were drawn from service evaluations of patients with painful and mechanical TMDs diagnosed via the Diagnostic Criteria for TMDs who underwent physiotherapy between 2017 and September 2019 in four physiotherapy departments in the United Kingdom. Data were collected and analysed in Autumn 2019. Outcome measures used were a Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), the Jaw Function Limitation Scale‐8 (JFLS‐8) and change in maximal mouth opening (MMO).

Results

Data from 108 patients were collected and analysed. Female was the most common gender of patients with a mean age of 37 years. Myalgia and myalgia with arthralgia were the most common TMD diagnosis (82%). Mean symptom duration was 7 years. Results demonstrated a mean reduction of 3.7 on the NPRS, a mean improvement of 15.5 points on the JFLS‐8, and MMO improved by a mean of 5.5 mm. The mean improvement in pain was clinically meaningful; however, significant variability in the effectiveness was demonstrated in the results of all three outcome measures.

Conclusion

Commensurate with consistent international evidence this study supports the use of physiotherapy in the conservative management of chronic TMDs. Robust studies are required to verify these findings.
The role of perceived resolvability in serial arguments across the lifespan
Authors: Vanderbilt Rachel Reymann , Solomon Denise Haunani
Published: December 2021

This study examined whether the association between romantic relationship quality and the conflict tactics people report using in serial arguments varies based on the perceived resolvability of conflicts and three lifespan indicators: age, relationship length, and relationship stage (i.e., dating or married). Participants (N = 584) completed an online survey about their last serial argument. Relationship quality was positively associated with integrative tactics and negatively associated with distributive and avoidant tactics, especially when perceived resolvability was high; in some cases, this pattern was amplified among younger people in shorter or dating relationships. The discussion highlights how the influence of relational quality on conflict tactics is framed by perceived resolvability, and how these processes differ based on the age of individuals, length of relationships, and relationship stage (i.e., dating versus married).
Care coordination for rural residents with chronic disease: Predictors of improved outcomes
Authors: Hansen Andrew R. , McLendon Susan F. , Rochani Haresh
Published: December 2021

Objective

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of an integrated system of coordinated care on chronic disease health outcomes of patients with poorly controlled diabetes, hypertension, and congestive heart failure (CHF) living in a rural area.

Design and sample

Longitudinal study of patients aged 18 years or older, living in a rural area, with diabetes glycated hemoglobin (A1C) > 8%, hypertension blood pressure (BP) > 150/90, heart failure, and suffering excessive weight gain and hospital admission in last 6 months.

Measures

Dependent variables were A1C, cholesterol, microalbumin, body mass index (BMI), BP, emergency department (ED) visits, and hospital admissions. Predictor variables included time in the program, age, sex, race, and Diabetes Self‐Management Education (DSME) completion. Descriptive variables included telemedicine and specialty referrals and travel savings.

Results

Time had a significant effect on A1C, microalbumin, BP, and ED visits. Race, sex, and DSME also impacted A1C and BP outcomes.

Conclusions

Length of time in the program played a crucial role in improved outcomes for patients in the program for a year or more. Long‐term, consistent reinforcement in the form of education and coordinated care provided by certified care coordination nurses achieve better health outcomes.
Toward a Psychological Science of Abolition Democracy: Insights for Improving Theory and Research on Race and Public Safety
Authors: Najdowski Cynthia J. , Goff Phillip Atiba
Published: December 2021

We call for psychologists to expand their thinking on fair and just public safety by engaging with the “Abolition Democracy” framework that W. E. B. Du Bois articulated as the need to dissolve slavery while simultaneously taking affirmative steps to rid its toxic consequences from the body politic. Because the legacies of slavery continue to produce disparities in public safety in the United States, both harming Black people and the institutions that could keep them safe, psychologists must take seriously questions of history and structure in addition to immediate situations. In this article, we consider the state of knowledge regarding psychological processes that contribute to discriminatory public safety. We also identify ways in which theorizing about discriminatory public safety can be improved by appreciating the historical and sociopolitical context in which policing occurs.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐DRB1*13:320 allele by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Lee Nan Young , Cho Jang Hee , Won Dong Il
Published: December 2021

HLA‐DRB1*13:320 differs from HLA‐DRB1*13:02:01:02 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 22 in exon 2.
The effect of position and frequency of mixing on canine packed red blood cell units during storage
Authors: Aumann Samantha M. , Reems Miryam M.
Published: December 2021

Objective

Hemolysis is an indicator of storage lesion that occurs in stored packed red blood cells (pRBCs) over time. Intermittent mixing of red blood cells in the additive solutions may be beneficial but may also result in iatrogenic injury. Position of units in storage may also affect the quality of the pRBCs. This prospective study was designed to evaluate hemolytic effect of mixing frequency and storage position on canine pRBCs over a period of 28 days.

Design

Prospective in vitro study

Setting

Private practice referral hospital with an internal blood bank

Animals

Thirty‐two healthy prescreened dogs enrolled in a volunteer blood banking program

Interventions

None

Measurements and main results

A total of 160 samples were evaluated. Forty canine pRBC units were split into 4 daughter bags and stored in varying positions with different mixing frequencies. Samples were stored upright and mixed daily, upright and mixed weekly, horizontally and mixed daily, or horizontally and mixed weekly for a period of 28 days. At days 0, 7, 14, and 28, samples from the units were analyzed to calculate percent hemolysis. No differences were found in any hemolytic indicators investigated (total hemoglobin, free plasma hemoglobin, and packed cell volume) until day 28 in all test groups. Canine pRBCs stored upright and mixed weekly or stored horizontally and mixed weekly resulted in less hemolysis and free plasma hemoglobin when compared to units stored horizontally and mixed daily only at day 28.

Conclusions

Statistically significant hemolysis was not evident amongst canine pRBC groups less than 28 days old suggesting that positioning and mixing frequency was irrelevant until day 28. Beyond 28 days despite the presence of hemolysis, no definitive recommendation could be made with respect to best practice for storage position or mixing frequency of stored canine pRBCs.
Morphology and I-V Characteristics of Electrochemically Deposited Zinc Oxide on Silicon
Authors: Md Rashid Ahmad Bukhairi , Zainal Abidin Mastura Shafinaz , Abd Rahman Shaharin Fadzli , Nawabjan Amirjan
Published: December 2021

This paper reported on the electrochemical deposition of zinc oxide (ZnO) on p-silicon (p-Si) (100) substrate in the mixture of 0.1 M of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and potassium chloride (KCl) electrolyte at a volume ratio of 1:1, 3:1 and 5:1 namely Sample A, B and C. The deposition process was done in room temperature with a current density of 10 mA/cm2 for 30 minutes. Prior to the experiment, all samples were treated by RCA cleaning steps. All samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The results show that all samples have the same morphology of a flake-like structure with different Zn:O ratio that were 2.81, 2.35 and 2.49 for samples A, B and C. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristic graph was obtained by dark current measurement using Keithley SMU 2400 and the threshold voltage (Vth) values were determined at 2.21 V, 0.85 V and 1.22 V for sample A, B and C respectively which correspond with the Zn:O ratio where the highest value of Zn:O ratio can be found in sample A and the lowest in sample B. Based on these results, it shows that electrochemical deposition technique is capable of being used to deposit the flake-like structure ZnO on semiconductor material to form the p-n junction which behaves like a diode. The value of Vth seems to be depended on the ratio between Zn and O. Higher ratio of Zn and O will cause the higher value of intrinsic carrier concentration and built in potential which will increase the Vth value.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert
Published: December 2021

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 10, Number 1 Alphonce John Amuli, ADEM, TanzaniaAurora Q. Pestano, University of San Jose Recoletos, PhilippinesChris Mutseekwa, Bindura University of Science Education, ZimbabweDaniel Shorkend, University of the People Wizo School of Design, IsraelFathia Lahwal, Elmergib University, LibyaGuilherme Tucher, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), BrazilJohn Cowan, Edinburgh Napier University, UKJonathan Chitiyo, University of Pittsburgh Bradford, USAKendall Hartley, University of Nevada, USAKeyla Ferrari Lopes, UNICAMP, BrazilKun-Hsi Liao, Taiwan Shoufu University, TaiwanMaria Rachel Queiroz, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, BrazilMaria Rosa M. Prado, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, BrazilMehmet Inan, Marmara University, TurkeyMinh Duc Duong, Thai Nguyen University, VietnamMuhammad Haris Effendi-Hasibuan, Universitas Jambi, IndonesiaMu-hsuan Chou, Wenzao Ursuline University of Languages, TaiwanMustafa Çakır, Marmara University, TurkeyNiveen M. Zayed, MENA College of Management, JordanRichard H. Martin, Mercer University, USASandro Sehic, Oneida BOCES, USASarah Nabih Nasif, October University, EgyptSenem Seda Şahenk Erkan, Marmara University, TurkeyWong Ken Keong, Inspectorate of School Sabah, Malaysia Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAE-mail 1: jets@redfame.comE-mail 2: jets@redfame.orgURL: http://jets.redfame.com
Impedance-Based Performance Analysis of Micropatterned Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Tomizawa Morio , Nagato Keisuke , Nagai Kohei , Tanaka Akihisa , Heinzmann Marcel , Weber André , Inoue Gen , Nakao Masayuki
Published: December 2021

Micropatterns applied to proton exchange membranes can improve the performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cells; however, the mechanism underlying this improvement is yet to be clarified. In this study, a patterned membrane electrode assembly (MEA) was compared with a flat one using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and distribution of relaxation time analysis. The micropattern positively affects the oxygen reduction reaction by increasing the reaction area. However, simultaneously, the pattern negatively affects the gas diffusion because it lengthens the average oxygen transport path through the catalyst layer. In addition, the patterned MEA is more vulnerable to flooding, but performs better than the flat MEA in low-humidity conditions. Therefore, the composition, geometry, and operating conditions of the micropatterned MEA should be comprehensively optimized to achieve optimal performance.
11-O-Galloyl Bergenin from Corylopsis coreanas Leaves Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis in Human Osteosarcoma
Authors: Park Kyung-Ran , Kwon Yoon-Ju , Cho Myounglae , Kwon Il Keun , Hong Jin Tae , Yun Hyung-Mun
Published: December 2021

Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone-forming tumor, wherein most patients with high grade osteosarcomas are treated with chemotherapy. Despite this, survival for metastatic or relapsed osteosarcoma patients has remained at an overall 5-year survival rate of 20%. In particular, the extracts of Corylopsis coreana (Korean winter hazel), a cultivated woody plant in South Korea, have shown beneficial anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-osteoclastic, and antihyperuricemic properties. Therefore, this study aimed to demonstrate the antitumor activities and underlying mechanism of 11-O-Galloyl bergenin (OGAL) isolated from Corylopsis coreanas leaves in human osteosarcoma cells. Herein, we found that OGAL inhibited MG63 cell proliferation and induced cellular apoptosis as evidenced by cleaved-PARP, cleaved-caspase 3, TUNEL-positive cells, and Annexin V-positive cells. Specifically, OGAL-induced apoptosis was accompanied by p53 and p21 upregulation, BAX expression, and decreased Bcl-2 and cdk2. Moreover, OGAL induced autophagy via AKT inactivation, LC3II upregulation, and MG63 cell autophagosome formation. OGAL-induced autophagy was also accompanied by increased p38 phosphorylation, whereas JNK and ERK1/2 activities were found to be unaffected upon examining the MAPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, wound healing and Boyden chamber assays showed that OGAL suppressed MG63 cell migration and invasion. Given these findings, this study provided evidence that OGAL has antitumor effects by apoptosis and autophagy enhancement through increased p53, AKT, and p38 signaling, suggesting that OGAL may be a potential therapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma treatment.
6-Shogaol Suppresses the Progression of Liver Cancer via the Inactivation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling by Regulating TLR4
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wang Jingjing , Qu Yong , Chen Yunzhong
Published: December 2021

Liver cancer is a gastrointestinal malignant tumor with high lethality. The prognosis of liver cancer remains poor. Compounds derived from natural products have been confirmed to alleviate the progression of various diseases, including cancers. Additionally, 6-Shogaol has been reported to induce apoptosis in liver cancer cells. However, the mechanism by which 6-shogaol regulates apoptosis in liver cancer cells remains unclear. To investigate the function of 6-shogaol in liver cancer, RT–qPCR and western blotting were used to detect the expression of TLR4 and FOXO3a in liver cancer cells, respectively. The OD value of liver cancer cells was measured using the MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used to measure cell apoptosis. 6-Shogaol inhibited the growth of liver cancer cells. TLR4 and Wnt/[Formula: see text]-catenin were upregulated in liver cancer cells, and FOXO3a was inactivated, but 6-Shogaol reversed the expression of TLR4, Wnt/[Formula: see text]-catenin and FOXO3a in liver cancer cells. Additionally, TLR4 overexpression partially reversed the inhibitory effect of 6-shogaol on the progression of liver cancer cells via Wnt/[Formula: see text]-catenin signaling. Furthermore, the 6-shogaol-induced increase in FOXO3a expression in liver cancer was notably suppressed by TLR4 or Wnt/[Formula: see text]-catenin upregulation. Thus, 6-Shogaol suppresses the progression of liver cancer by mediating Wnt/[Formula: see text]-catenin signaling and is a potential agent for the treatment of liver cancer.
Induced surface and curvature tension equation of state for hadron resonance gas in finite volumes and its relation to morphological thermodynamics
Authors: Bugaev K. A. , Vitiuk O. V. , Grinyuk B. E. , Panasiuk P. P. , Yakovenko N. S. , Zherebtsova E. S. , Sagun V. V. , Ivanytskyi O. I. , Bravina L. V. , Blaschke D. B. , Kabana S. , Kuleshov S. V. , Taranenko A. V. , Zabrodin E. E. , Zinovjev G. M.
Published: December 2021

Here, we develop an original approach to investigate the grand canonical partition function of the multicomponent mixtures of Boltzmann particles with hard-core interaction in finite and even small systems of the volumes above 20 fm3. The derived expressions of the induced surface tension equation of state (EoS) are analyzed in detail. It is shown that the metastable states, which can emerge in the finite systems with realistic interaction, appear at very high pressures at which the hadron resonance gas, most probably, is not applicable at all. It is shown how and under what conditions the obtained results for finite systems can be generalized to include into a formalism the equation for curvature tension. The applicability range of the obtained equations of induced surface and curvature tensions for finite systems is discussed and their close relations to the equations of the morphological thermodynamics are established. The hadron resonance gas model on the basis of the obtained advanced EoS is worked out. Also, this model is applied to analyze the chemical freeze-out of hadrons and light nuclei with the number of (anti-) baryons not exceeding 4. Their multiplicities were measured by the ALICE Collaboration in the central lead–lead collisions at the center-of-mass energy [Formula: see text] TeV.
Solitary wave solution of nonlinear Bogoyavlenskii system by variational analysis method
Authors: Wang KangLe
Published: December 2021

In this work, the Bogoyavlenskii system (BS) and fractal BS are investigated by variational method for the first time. An efficient and simple scheme is proposed to seek their exact solitary wave solutions, which is called variational analysis method. The novel scheme requires only two steps, making it much attractive in practical applications, and a good result is obtained. This paper cleans up the road to the exact solitions, and it sheds a new light on the soliton theory. Finally, the physical properties of solitary wave solutions obtained are analyzed by some simulation figures.
Internet of Things Framework in Athletics Physical Teaching System and Health Monitoring
Authors: Zhen Hao , Kumar Priyan Malarvizhi , Samuel R. Dinesh Jackson
Published: December 2021

The modern Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm enables creating small devices that can provide sensor, process, and connect, facilitating sensors, embedded devices, and other “things” ready for understanding the environment. Physical education and physical activity can improve both the physical and mental health of practitioners. However, there are many issues or accidents occurred to the athletes during training and tournament. In addition, lack of awareness during a match or game could lead to injuries and dropping the competition or match. This study proposes an IoT-based Wearable Intelligent Health Monitoring system (IoTW-IHMS) for the physical teaching system and athletes’ health monitoring. This study intends to collect and track data on player rates, body temperature, and response time to stimulation while using compact wearable devices and microprocessors as the main device to relay them wirelessly. Multiple sensors tracked the heart rate, current body temperature, and response time of the athlete. The simulation analysis shows that the proposed IoTW-IHMS method enhances the accuracy (93.6%), response time ratio (95.4%), sensitivity ratio (97.5%), performance ratio (91.3%), and prediction ratio (96.8%) compared to other popular methods.
INFLUENCE OF BEAM ENERGY OF IONS ON PROPERTIES OF NICKEL NANOWIRES
Authors: HONEY SHEHLA , ASIM JAMIL , KASINATHAN KAVIYARASU , MALIK MAAZA , NASEEM SHAHZAD , MAZHAR MUHAMMAD AHSAN , MEHMOOD HASSAN , KAMRAN MUHAMMAD ARSHAD , AHMAD ISHAQ , ZHAO TINGKAI
Published: December 2021

Electrical conductivity and optical transmittance of nickel nanowire (Ni-NW) networks are reported in this work. The Ni-NWs were irradiated with 3.5, 3.8 and 4.11[Formula: see text]MeV proton (H[Formula: see text]) ions at room temperature. The electrical conductivity of Ni-NW networks was observed to increase with the increase in beam energies of H[Formula: see text] ions. With the increase in ions beam energies, electrical conductivity increases and this may be attributed to a reduction in the wire–wire point contact resistance due to the irradiation-induced welding of NWs. Welding is probably initiated due to H[Formula: see text] ion-irradiation induced heating effect that also improved the crystalline quality of the NWs. After ion beam irradiation, localized heat is generated in the NWs due to ionization which was also verified by SRIM simulation. Optical transmittance is increased with increase in the energy of H[Formula: see text] ions. The Ni-NW networks subjected to an ion beam irradiation to observe corresponding changes in electrical conductivity and optical transparencies are promising for various nanotechnological applications, such as highly transparent and conducting electrodes.
Numerical study of highly dispersive optical solitons with differential group delay having quadratic-cubic law of refractive index by Laplace–Adomian decomposition
Authors: González-Gaxiola O. , Biswas Anjan , Zhou Qin , Alshehri Hashim M.
Published: December 2021

This paper carries out numerical simulations of highly dispersive optical solitons with differential group delay having quadratic-cubic law of nonlinearity. The Laplace–Adomian decomposition scheme is implemented to visualize the soliton propagation dynamics. Both bright and dark solitons are addressed. The error measure for these numerical approximations is impressively low as presented.
AI-Assisted Dynamic Modeling for Data Management in a Distributed System
Authors: Tian Yihao
Published: December 2021

Data management is an administrative mechanism that involves the acquisitions, validations, storage, protection, and processing of data needed by its users to ensure that data are accessible, reliable, and timely. It is a challenging task to manage protections for information properties. With the emphasis on distributed systems and Internet-accessible systems, the need for efficient information security management is increasingly important. In the paper, artificial intelligence-assisted dynamic modeling (AI-DM) is used for data management in a distributed system. Distributed processing is an effective way to enhance the efficiency of database systems. Therefore, each distributed database structure’s functionality depends significantly on its proper architecture in implementing fragmentation, allocation, and replication processes. The proposed model is a dynamically distributed internet database architecture. This suggested model enables complex decision-making on fragmentation, distribution, and duplication. It provides users with links from anywhere to the distributed database. AI-DM has an improved allocation and replication strategy where no query performance information is accessible at the initial stage of the distributed database design. AI-DM findings show that the proposed database model leads to the reliability and efficiency of the enhanced system. The final results are obtained by analyzing the dynamic modeling ratio is 87.6%, increasing decision support ratio is 88.7%, the logistic regression ratio is 84.5%, the data reliability ratio is 82.2%, and the system ratio is 93.8%.
Classification of graded cluster algebras generated by rank 3 quivers
Authors: Booker-Price Thomas
Published: December 2021

We consider gradings on cluster algebras generated by [Formula: see text] skew-symmetric matrices. We show that, except in one particular case, mutation-cyclic matrices give rise to gradings in which all occurring degrees are positive and have only finitely many associated cluster variables. For mutation-acyclic matrices, we prove that all occurring degrees are associated with infinitely many variables. We also give a direct proof that the gradings are balanced in this case (i.e. that there is a bijection between the cluster variables of degree d and [Formula: see text] for each occurring degree d).
Khintchine’s theorem with rationals coming from neighborhoods in different places
Authors: Oliveira André P.
Published: December 2021

The Duffin–Schaeffer Conjecture answers a question on how well one can approximate irrationals by rational numbers in reduced form (an imposed condition) where the accuracy of the approximation depends on the rational number. It can be viewed as an analogue to Khintchine’s theorem with the added restriction of only allowing rationals in reduced form. Other conditions such as numerator or denominator a prime, a square-free integer, or an element of a particular arithmetic progression, etc. have also been imposed and analogues of Khintchine’s theorem studied. We prove versions of Khintchine’s theorem where the rational numbers are sourced from a ball in some completion of [Formula: see text] (i.e. Euclidean or [Formula: see text]-adic), while the approximations are carried out in a distinct second completion. Finally, by using a mass transference principle for Hausdorff measures, we are able to extend our results to their corresponding analogues with Haar measures replaced by Hausdorff measures, thereby establishing an analogue of Jarník’s theorem.
An efficient method for oxygen diffusion in a spherical cell with nonlinear oxygen uptake kinetics
Authors: Aydinlik Soner
Published: December 2021

In this paper, a novel numerical technique, the first-order Smooth Composite Chebyshev Finite Difference method, is presented. Imposing a first-order smoothness of the approximation polynomial at the ends of each subinterval is originality of the method. Both round-off and truncation error analyses of the method are performed beside the convergence analysis. Diffusion of oxygen in a spherical cell including nonlinear uptake kinetics is solved by using the method. The obtained results are compared with the existing methods in the literature and it is observed that the proposed method gives more reliable results.
Application of AI techniques for modeling the performance measures in milling of 7075-T6 hybrid aluminum metal matrix composites
Authors: Mohanraj T.
Published: December 2021

The prediction of performance measures is an essential one for manufacturers to increase the service life. This paper deals with the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to predict the performance measures like surface roughness, material removal rate, and flank wear during the milling process from the experimental data. The milling experiments were conducted in wet conditions based on the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) design of experiments. The spindle speed, feed rate, and axial depth of cut were considered as process parameters. The experimental data were used to develop the regression model, Mamdani fuzzy inference system, Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN), and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model. The output of regression, fuzzy, neural network, and ANFIS model was compared with the experimental data, and predicted results were found to be in good conformity with the measured data. The prediction capability of the quadratic and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was very close to experimentally measured values and the quadratic model had an accuracy of 97.89% for surface roughness, 98.38% for material removal rate (MRR), and 95.72% for flank wear.
Characterization of a soft magnetic composite for use in road-embedded wireless-charging systems
Authors: Li Kai-Yeung , Trompetter Bill , Amirpour Maedeh , Allen Tom , Bickerton Simon , Kelly Piaras
Published: December 2021

The ferrite magnetic core is an integral component of road-embedded wireless charging systems for electric vehicles. However, the brittleness of ferrite makes it susceptible to premature fracture due to cyclic wheel loading from vehicles. This has motivated the development of a soft magnetic composite (SMC) composed of a flexible polyurethane and crushed ferrite as an alternative. An experimental investigation was conducted into the trade-offs between mechanical, thermal and magnetic properties at ferrite volume fractions between 45.9[Formula: see text]vol% and 80.6[Formula: see text]vol%. A comparison was made between measured properties and predictions from analytical models in order to further investigate the characteristics of the composite. The investigation showed a trade-off between the increase in magnetic permeability and the reduction in strain-to-failure as ferrite volume fraction increased. In addition, a large increase in flexural modulus and thermal conductivity, along with a slight increase in flexural strength was observed. More importantly, the strain-to-failure of the composite was 20 times higher than that of ferrite even at the highest volume fraction, indicating that the SMC was successful in providing a more ductile and flexible alternative.
Muscle-Specific Tyrosine Kinase-Associated Myasthenia Gravis: A Neuromuscular Surprise
Authors: Ali Hassam , Pamarthy Rahul , Ahsan Nayab , WashmaAwan  , Sarfraz Shiza
Published: December 2021

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular autoimmune disease that results in skeletal muscle weakness that worsens after periods of activity and improves after rest. Myasthenia gravis means “grave (serious), muscle weakness.” Although not completely curable, it can be managed well with a relatively high quality of life and expectancy. In myasthenia gravis, antibodies against the acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction interfere with regular muscular contraction. Although most commonly caused by antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor, antibodies against MuSK (muscle-specific kinase) protein can also weaken transmission at the neuromuscular junction. Muscle-specific tyrosine kinase myasthenia gravis (MuSK-Ab MG) is a rare subtype of myasthenia gravis with distinct pathogenesis and unique clinical features. Diagnosis can be challenging due to its atypical presentation as compared to seropositive myasthenia gravis. It responds inconsistently to steroids, but plasma exchange and immunosuppressive therapies have shown promising results. We report a case of a 49-year-old female who presented with acute hypoxic respiratory failure. Our patient experienced progressive, undiagnosed MuSK-Ab MG for years without a diagnosis.
PQPS: Prior-Art Query-Based Patent Summarizer Using RBM and Bi-LSTM
Authors: Kumaravel Girthana , Sankaranarayanan Swamynathan
Published: December 2021

A prior-art search on patents ascertains the patentability constraints of the invention through an organized review of prior-art document sources. This search technique poses challenges because of the inherent vocabulary mismatch problem. Manual processing of every retrieved relevant patent in its entirety is a tedious and time-consuming job that demands automated patent summarization for ease of access. This paper employs deep learning models for summarization as they take advantage of the massive dataset present in the patents to improve the summary coherence. This work presents a novel approach of patent summarization named PQPS: prior-art query-based patent summarizer using restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) and bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) models. The PQPS also addresses the vocabulary mismatch problem through query expansion with knowledge bases such as domain ontology and WordNet. It further enhances the retrieval rate through topic modeling and bibliographic coupling of citations. The experiments analyze various interlinked smart device patent sample sets. The proposed PQPS demonstrates that retrievability increases both in extractive and abstractive summaries.
Syringic Acid Attenuates Cardiomyopathy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Sabahi Zahra , Khoshnoud Mohammad Javad , Hosseini Sara , Khoshraftar Fatemeh , Rashedinia Marzieh
Published: December 2021

Objectives. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) has become one of the serious complications in diabetic cases. In this study, we aimed to explore the syringic acid (SYR) protective effect against diabetes-induced cardiac injury in experimental rats. Methods. Rats were divided in control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats which were subdivided into diabetic controls, and three test groups (SYR at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) and the nondiabetic group received 100 mg/kg of SYR. All treatments were given SYR for 6 weeks. SYR effects on cardiac diagnostic markers, heart lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, antioxidant system, and changes of the heart mitochondrial mass and biogenesis were measured. Results. Diabetes induction prompted CK-MB, LDH levels in serum, cardiac catalase, and superoxide dismutase activity, as well as cardiac TBARs and carbonylated protein. SYR administration (100 m/kg) attenuated CK-MB and LDH levels. Also, 50 and 100 mg/kg of SYR reduced cardiac TBARs and carbonylated protein in diabetic rats. These treatments did not show any effects on GSH content, mtDNA, and mitochondrial biogenesis indices (PGC1- α, NRF1, NRF2, and TFAM) in heart tissue. Conclusions. SYR treatment showed protective effects on diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats by reducing lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation. The possible mechanisms could be related to antioxidant activity of this phenolic acid. SYR might play a role of a protective factor in cardiac challenges in diabetes.
Indeterminate (B3) Breast Lesions and the Ongoing Role of Diagnostic Open Biopsy
Authors: Tan Elizabeth , Arachchi Asiri , Cheng Michael , Lockie Darren
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Due to their uncertain malignant potential, indeterminate breast lesions on core needle biopsy (CNB) require diagnostic open biopsy (DOB). This study evaluated DOB results given largely benign pathology. Lesions included are atypical papilloma, atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH), and radial scar/complex sclerosing lesions (RS/CSL). Methodology. A retrospective audit from 2010 to 2017 analysed patients with a screen-detected suspicious lesion and indeterminate (B3) CNB diagnosis. Primary outcome was the malignancy upgrade rate, with secondary evaluation of patient factors predictive of malignancy including age, symptoms, mammogram characteristics, lesion size, biopsy method, and past and family history. Results. 152 patients (median age 57 years) were included, with atypical papillomas being the largest subgroup (44.7%). On DOB histology, 99.34% were benign, resulting in a 0.66% malignancy upgrade rate. Patient characteristic analysis identified 86.84% of B3 lesions were in patients greater than 50 years old. 90.13% were asymptomatic, whilst 98.68% and 72.37% had a negative past and family history. Majority 46.71% of lesions had the mammogram characteristic of being a mass. However, with 57.89% of the lesion imaging size less than 4 mm, a corresponding 60.5% of core needle biopsies were performed stereotactically. The small malignant subgroup limited predictive factor evaluation. Conclusion. Albeit a low 0.66% malignancy upgrade rate in B3 lesions, no statistically significant patient predictive factors were identified. Until predictive factors and further assessment of vacuum-assisted excision (VAE) techniques evolve, DOB remains the standard of care.
Research on the Influencing Factors of Russian Foreign Trade Based on R Language Regression Analysis
Authors: Zhou Shuna , Kang Chengwen
Published: December 2021

Based on the systematic analysis of the development of Russian foreign trade and the characteristics of the regional distribution structure of trade, this work further studies the influencing factors of Russia’s foreign trade by using the R language regression analysis method and constructs three econometric models from import, export, and total import and export. The real effective exchange rate and various instruments and equipment and accessories are the main factors affecting Russia’s import trade, energy, minerals, timber, and related products are the main factors affecting its export trade, and Russia’s GDP and international oil prices are the major factors affecting the total import and export volume. A correct understanding of the factors affecting Russia’s foreign trade will help to understand Russia’s economic and trade development and its changing trend and provide a reliable reference value for the further expansion and optimization of economic and trade cooperation between other economies and Russia.
Design of an Automatic English Pronunciation Error Correction System Based on Radio Magnetic Pronunciation Recording Devices
Authors: Shufang Zhang
Published: December 2021

In this paper, a system for automatic detection and correction of mispronunciation of native Chinese learners of English by speech recognition technology is designed with the help of radiomagnetic pronunciation recording devices and computer‐aided software. This paper extends the standard pronunciation dictionary by predicting the phoneme confusion rules in the language learner’s pronunciation that may lead to mispronunciation and generates an extended pronunciation dictionary containing the standard pronunciation of each word and the possible mispronunciation variations, and automatic speech recognition uses the extended pronunciation dictionary to detect and diagnose the learner’s mispronunciation of phonemes and provides real‐time feedback. It is generated by systematic crosslinguistic phonological comparative analysis of the differences in phoneme pronunciation with each other, and a data‐driven approach is used to do automatic phoneme recognition of learner speech and analyze the mapping relationship between the resulting mispronunciation and the corresponding standard pronunciation to automatically generate additional phoneme confusion rules. In this paper, we investigate various aspects of several issues related to the automatic correction of English pronunciation errors based on radiomagnetic pronunciation recording devices; design the general block diagram of the system, etc.; and discuss some key techniques and issues, including endpoint detection, feature extraction, and the system’s study of pronunciation standard algorithms, analyzing their respective characteristics. Finally, we design and implement a model of an automatic English pronunciation error correction system based on a radiomagnetic pronunciation recording device. Based on the characteristics of English pronunciation, the correction algorithm implemented in this system uses the similarity and pronunciation duration ratings based on the log posterior probability, which combines the scores of both, and standardizes this system scoring through linear mapping. This system can achieve the purpose of automatic recognition of English mispronunciation correction and, at the same time, improve the user’s spoken English pronunciation to a certain extent.
Comparison between Tramadol and Butorphanol for Treating Postoperative Catheter-Related Bladder Discomfort: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lin Feihong , Shao Kaiyang , Pan Wei , Liang Dongdong , Zhao Zhangfan , Yuan Jixiang , Wang Junlu , Lv Ya
Published: December 2021

Background. Intraoperative catheterization often leads to postoperative catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) during the restoration period. This study aimed to assess the curative effect of butorphanol as a K receptor agonist in the treatment of postoperative CRBD. Patients and Approaches. Sixty patients with CRBD who underwent elective nonurological surgery at the postanesthesia care unit were randomly and evenly assigned to two groups. The control group was slowly injected with tramadol 1.5 mg/kg using a Murphy dropper, whereas the experimental group was intravenously injected with butorphanol 0.02 mg/kg. Severity, pain score, and sedation score of CRBD were evaluated at 0 min, 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h later. Results. The severity score of CRBD and visual analog scale pain score were lower in the butorphanol group than in the control group, whereas the sedation score was higher in the butorphanol group than in the control group. Conclusion. Butorphanol relieves on postoperative urination discomfort and pain compared with tramadol.
Optimization of Formulation and Operating Parameters for Ginkgo biloba Extract Nanosuspension by Wet Ball Milling Using a Box–Behnken Design
Authors: Zhang Zhuo , Hao Guizhou , Zhang Guimin , Hu Dedong , Li Qingling , Cao Rongkai , Hao Mingjie
Published: December 2021

In the present work, the formulation of nanosuspension of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) and the operating parameters of wet ball milling (WBM) was optimized using the Box–Behnken design (BBD) method. The key formulation factors evaluated were GBE concentration, milling speed, milling time, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) concentration. A quadratic model with the correlation coefficient (

R

2

) value of 0.9276 was established based on the experimental data, implying that this model is significant; meanwhile, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the SDS concentration was the most significant factor on particle size, followed by GBE concentration, milling speed, and milling time was the slighter significant factor. The GBE nanosuspension with the particles size of 171.2 nm was prepared under the optimized conditions of GBE concentration (7.459 g/L) in combination with milling time (1.492 h), milling speed (9.253 m/s), and SDS concentration (0.846 g/L). The freeze-dried nanosuspension exhibited spherical particle morphology with uniform size by scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the melting behavior of the raw material and milled GBE was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry and it was found that the melting point decreased due to the decrease of particle size. Furthermore, the dissolution rates of the optimized GBE showed better dissolution properties than the unprocessed GBE. The results show that it is feasible to prepare GBE nanosuspension on a commercial scale by WBM to increase the bioavailability of GBE.
Plasmon Mediation of Charge Pairing in High Temperature Superconductors
Authors: Mukubwa Abel , Makokha John Wanjala
Published: December 2021

A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of a nonzero momentum Cooper pair constitutes a composite boson or simply a boson. We demonstrated that the quantum coherence of the two-component BEC (boson and fermion condensates) is controlled by plasmons. It has been proposed that plasmons, observed in both electron-doped and hole-doped cuprates, originates from the long-range Coulomb screening, where the transfer momentum

q

⟶
0

. We further show that the screening mediates boson-fermion pairing at condensate state. While only about 1

%

of plasmon energy mediates the charge pairing, most of the plasmon energy is used to overcome the modes that compete against superconductivity such as phonons, charge density waves, antiferromagnetism, and damping effects. Additionally, the dependence of frequency of plasmons on the material of a superconductor is also explored. This study gives a quantum explanation of the modes that enhance and those that inhibit superconductivity. The study informs the nature of electromagnetic radiations (EMR) that can enhance the critical temperature of such materials.
Procedure and Clinical Success of Drug-Coated Balloon Fistuloplasty of the Drainage Vein in Dysfunctional Native Arteriovenous Fistulas
Authors: Temiztürk Zeki , Azboy Davut , Türker Fevzi Sarper
Published: December 2021

Purpose. Native arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are the most effective vascular access (VA) for haemodialysis. We aimed to evaluate the results of balloon angioplasty (fistuloplasty) from drainage vein performed for the treatment of AVF dysfunction in haemodialysis patients and examine potential patient and AVF-associated factors that might affect such results. Methods. This is a nonrandomized, retrospective, and single-centred study. A total of 105 balloon fistuloplasties were performed for dysfunctional AVFs of 82 haemodialysis patients. Patients were treated with a drug-coated balloon according to standard procedures. Evaluations were performed by physical examinations and if needed by color Doppler imaging in every 6 months. The primary endpoint was patency by balloon fistuloplasty. Patency was evaluated clinically by detecting the thrill in AVF and by the adequacy of the dialysis. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) technique was used as a method for the statistical analysis. Results. The success of the procedure after the first attempt was 85.3% with 70 patients. Patency in the 6th, 12th, 18th, and 24th months were 63 (76.8%), 60 (73.1%), 53 (64.6%), and 44 (54%), respectively. The procedure was considered successful when the thrill was detected in AVF and when dialysis was adequate. The statistical analysis by MDS revealed that patients’ age was the most effective factor acting on the procedure success followed by the age of AVF. Other patient-associated and AVF-associated factors were not found as effective statistical evaluation. Conclusions. Haemodialysis through native AVFs with restored functionality contributes positively to the life span and the quality of life of the patient. Probably, advanced age and high fistula age are unfavourable factors leading to the development of neointimal hyperplasia and venous stenosis. Balloon fistuloplasty of the draining vein is an effective and safe method regardless of patient age and the age of AVF.
Transient Fluid-Solid Interaction and Heat Transfer in a Cavity with Elastic Baffles Mounted on the Sidewalls
Authors: Haghani Ahmad , Jahangiri Mehdi , Yadollahi Farsani Rouhollah , Khosravi Farsani Ayoub , Fazilatmanesh Jalal
Published: December 2021

Fluid-solid interaction phenomenon study is necessary for the analysis of several engineering systems such as structures and vessels that interact with wind and blood flow, respectively. In this study, the interactions between buoyancy-driven airflow and elastic baffle(s) inside a square enclosure were modeled numerically. While the two sidewalls of the enclosure were insulated, the lower and upper walls were kept at hot and cold temperatures, respectively. The heat transfer rate through the hot wall by calculating the Nusselt number and von Mises stress at the baffles’ root for various configurations of baffle(s) was considered. The domain was modeled in ANSYS Workbench, and the k-ε model was employed to solve the turbulent convective flow (Ra > 107). A two-way algorithm along with the finite element method was employed to simultaneously solve the equations governing the fluid flow and the solid phase. The dynamic mesh method was employed to account for the change in the location of the fluid domain at a new time step. The results show the elastic baffle, in comparison to solid baffle, intensifies the heat transfer rate by 15%. The results also indicate that the Nusselt number in the single-baffle case is higher than in double-baffle cases. The fact that the amount of von Mises is a function of the baffles’ configuration is another point obtained from the results. It was found that the von Mises stress at the baffles’ root represents more unsteady fluctuations in the asymmetric case, while it approaches a constant value in the symmetric case.