bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"NÓS BRASILEIROS PECAMOS POR NÃO CUIDARMOS DA MEMÓRIA.SE TIVÉSSEMOS MAIS, MELHOR MEMÓRIA, NÃO ESTARÍAMOS NA SITUAÇÃO EM QUE ESTAMOS HOJE": uma entrevista com Murílio de Avellar Hingel
Authors: Silva Iverson Geraldo Da
Published: March 2024

Era a primeira das entrevistas com os ex-secretários de Educação no projeto “Memórias Dispersas”. Foi em uma quarta-feira, 12 de dezembro de 2020, ainda cobertos pelos cuidados próprios de uma pandemia, que nos dirigimos ao sítio Pasárgada, Caeté, refúgio do Professor Murílio Hingel e da Professora Lucy Brandão, sua companheira de vida.
Skill development and Inclusive Growth opportunity in India's EV sector
Authors: Nimesh Vikas , Hussain Md Saddam , Jain Anmol , Singh Pramod Kumar
Published: March 2024

The report titled “Skill Development and Inclusive Growth Opportunity in India’s EV Sector” by the Alliance for an Energy Efficient Economy (AEEE) is a comprehensive examination aimed at mapping the skill requirements necessary to support India’s burgeoning Electric Vehicle (EV) sector. It emphasizes the significance of transitioning to electric mobility and the pivotal role of a skilled workforce in realizing this vision, especially by including marginalized communities and women. The document outlines the present state of the EV ecosystem, delineates specific skill sets needed across various roles, and proposes strategies for inclusive skill development. Through detailed case studies and policy recommendations, the report addresses the socio-economic aspects of the EV industry, aiming to foster sustainable growth. It serves as a vital resource for stakeholders in the EV domain, outlining pathways for skill enhancement and inclusive growth in alignment with India’s electric mobility ambitions.
Between Law and Society: Exploring the Persistent Rape Problem in Pakistan
Authors: Adnan Aziz Muhammad , Waheed Rafique  , Hobashia Saleem  , Jamshed Muhammad Kashan
Published: March 2024

This research article delves into the pervasive issue of sexual violence against women in Pakistan, shedding light on the intricate web of factors contributing to its alarming frequency and the abysmally low conviction rates. The study explores historical perspectives, societal norms, and the role of various stakeholders in perpetuating an environment where sexual violence persists. From an Islamic standpoint, the gravity of rape, known as Zina bil jabar, is emphasised by the required penalties in the Quran and historical traditions. The article critically analyzes the performance of stakeholders within the Criminal Justice System, identifying flaws in investigation procedures, victim-blaming, societal pressures, and the often-tedious trial processes. The authors argue that while laws exist, their implementation falls short, resulting in a negligible 3% conviction rate. The study explores the implications of out-of-court settlements and societal attitudes, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach beyond punitive measures. In conclusion, the research calls for a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted nature of rape in Pakistan. To guarantee victims receive justice, it promotes progressive societal attitudes, new laws, and a reform of the criminal justice system. The author stresses that to make Pakistan a safer place for women, there needs to be a concerted effort to tackle the underlying causes of sexual assault.
Reexamining Domestic Violence: A Study on Male Victims in the Context of Pakistani Legislation
Authors: Maqsood Mudassir , Younas Sana
Published: March 2024

This article endeavors to highlight and publicize the misunderstanding and misconception in Pakistani society that the men are always perpetrators of Spousal Violence (SV). It intends to establish that SV is not only wrong against women but also against men but it is not recognized in Pakistani society at its real degree. This study delves deeper into examining the causes and forms of SV by women perpetrator against men as well as the analysis of SV legislation in Pakistan. Analytical Legal research technique is used to collect data regarding SV against men and legislation on SV in Pakistan. Different enactments at National and provincial level and bills introduced for legislation on the topic of SV are looked into and compared with each other. SV against men is now being recognized to some extent but still a lot of work is needed to establish that the men may also be victim of SV and women may be perpetrator. As compared to women, SV against men is less perceived, especially in Pakistani society and some time it is not recognized. All legislative bodies of Pakistan, except one, do not recognize the SV against Men. There is rarity of legislation on SV against men in Pakistan, because there is only one enactment in Pakistan on the topic of Domestic Violence (DV), which defines the “man” as aggrieved person and recognize him as victim of DV or SV, and that is for Balochistan Province. Through provision of adequate resources and educating the masses male victims of SV may be supported and number of male victims of SV may also be reduced. For securing the rights of men, existing laws concerning DV requires amendments in accordance with the needs of time.
Disa aspekte të religjionit në Ulpianën antike
Authors: Culaj Ilir
Published: March 2024

Dardania përbënte një pjesë të regjioneve qendrore të siujdhesës ballkanike. Pozita gjeografike e saj dhe vetitë e hidrografisë, të relievit, klimës etj., e bëjnë si një tërësi të ndarë e të veçantë gjeografike, gjë që ka ndikuar në zhvillimin e saj historik dhe kulturor. Njëra nga qendrat kryesore të Dardanisë ishte Ulpiana, e cila paraqet njëherit edhe njërën nga qendrat më interesante arkeologjike në Kosovë dhe rajonin e gjerë të gadishullit Ilirik. Shtrirja pranë depozitimeve minerare xehetare të pasura me metale të çmueshme, tokat pjellore përreth saj, si dhe pozita e mirë gjeostrategjike që posedonte duke qenë pjesë e një udhëkryqi të rëndësishëm rrugësh antike, ishin faktorët kryesorë që ndikuan në themelimin, zhvillimin dhe ekzistencën e saj shekullore. Prezenca e statione beneficiarii consulari në Ulpianë e dëshmuar në burimet epigrafike, vetëm sa e dëshmon rolin dhe rëndësinë e madhe ekonomike që paraqiste ajo për romakët.
Raja e Gjakovës sipas defterit të xhizjes të vitit 1750
Authors: Islami Agron
Published: March 2024

Xhizja është taksë vjetore e cila merrej nga meshkujt jomyslimanë, nënshtetas të Perandorisë Osmane. Kjo taksë e cila mbulonte pjesën më të mirë të buxhetit të shtetit osman deri në vitin 1856, ishte mbledhur nën emrin xhizje, ndërsa nga viti 1856-1909 ishte mbledhur nën emërimin bedelat-i askerijje (taksa e shërbimit ushtarak) dhe më 1909, pas aprovimit të ligjit për shërbimin ushtarak te të gjithë shtetasit meshkuj pa dallim feje, ishte larguar si taksë.
Mitologjia antike mes “Mjekësisë hyjnore” dhe asaj profesioniste
Authors: Ferri Naser
Published: March 2024

Libri “Gli Dei che guariscono: Asclepio e gli altri” (Hyjnitë shërues: Asklepi dhe hyjnitë e tjerë), i autores italiane Daniela Rigato, profesoreshë e Historisë Antike, në Universitetin e Bolonjës (Itali), i botuar në Bolonjë, në vitin 2013, trajton çështje interesante të mitologjisë klasike mbi baza të zbulimeve arkeologjike, besimet e njerëzve gjatë antikës në kultet e hyjnive të caktuara për të cilët besohej që kishin aftësi shëruese dhe bashkëjetesën dhe komplementimet e ndërsjella të mjekësisë “profesoniste” dhe të asaj “hyjnore”.
Vështrime demografike, ekonomike dhe të komunikacionit në Kosovë gjatë gjysmës së parë të vitit 1914
Authors: Rifati Fitim
Published: March 2024

Pushtimi dhe aneksimi i Kosovës nga Mbretëria e Serbisë dhe e Malit të Zi, më 1912-1913, veç tjerash u ndje edhe në strukturën

demografike, në fushën ekonomike dhe të komunikacionit. Qenësia e strukturës demografike, zhvillimi dhe stabiliteti ekonomik në Kosovë u tronditën, sepse ruajtja e bërthamës etnike e përparimi ekonomik vareshin veçanërisht nga rrethanat politike dhe qëndrimi i Qeverisë e administratës serbo-malazeze ndaj shqiptarëve. Në fillim të vitit 1914, Mbretëria e Serbisë dhe pjesërisht ajo e Malit të Zi, nisën zbatimin e projekteve demografike, ekonomike dhe të komunikacionit në Kosovë e më gjerë, që i përshtateshin interesave politike.
Properties of lectin from tissue culture of Ungernia victoris and its ultrasonic extraction
Authors: Karpova I. S. , Konvalyuk I. I. , Mozhylevska L. P. , Lylo V. V. , Kunakh V. A.
Published: March 2024

The aim was to investigate biomass extracts of U. victoris strain UV-2 tissue culture for the content of lectins, to study their general characteristics and to optimize the method of ultrasonic extraction to obtain a soluble form of the lectin. Methods. Tissue culture method, direct hemagglutination test for detection of lectin activity (LA), determination of lectin carbohydrate specificity, ultrasonic extraction method. The results. Lectin activity was detected in the soluble (supernatant) and insoluble (sediment) fractions of the extract of biomass U. victoris tissue culture. In the soluble fraction LA was significantly less compared to that in the sediment, which indicated the presence of the membrane-bound form of the lectin. LA was characterized by pronounced species specificity: the reaction with mouse erythrocytes was the most intense. The study of carbohydrate specificity revealed a weak affinity for monosugars (galactose and galactosamine) and pronounced suppression of LA in the case of polysaccharides - hyaluronic acid, heparin and mucin. The possibilities of the ultrasound extraction method for separation the detected lectin from the the cell surface in the sediment fraction were investigated and the extraction procedure was optimized. The transition of LA into the soluble phase under the influence of ultrasound depended on the following parameters: the concentration and volume of the extract, as well as the time of exposure to ultrasound. It was established that the LA of the soluble phase doubled compared to the initial one with an extract concentration of 50 mg/ml and a volume of 20 ml under the action of ultrasound 40 kHz/70 W in the interval of 15-45 minutes. Longer ultrasound treatment had a negative effect on LA. Conclusions. Lectin activity of U. victoris tissue culture biomass extracts was discovered for the first time, which can become a promising source of lectin with a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties. The general characteristics of the lectin were given, and its species and carbohydrate specificity was revealed. The lectin was generally characterized and its species and carbohydrate specificity were established. Possibilities of ultrasound extraction were used and the procedure was optimized to obtain a soluble form of the lectin, necessary for its further fundamental and practical research.
A Psicologia na Atenção Básica: relato de experiência de estudantes no Programa PET-Saúde em Curitiba-PR
Authors: Beggiato volpi Ana Gabriela , Dantas Rodrigues dos Santos Thales , Galiego de Sousa Ann'Elena , Löhr Tacla Thaise
Published: March 2024

O Sistema Único de Saúde, desde sua criação na Constituição Federal de 1988, tem como objetivo garantir e fornecer acessos universal à saúde, a partir de uma visão integral e holística no atendimento ao usuário. No atendimento uma atuação interdisciplinar é necessária, assim como a compreensão da complexidade dos indivíduos e de sua respectiva saúde. A Psicologia encontra-se presente e atuante dentro do modelo de saúde coletiva, como parte do trabalho interdisciplinar no SUS, diferenciando-se do modelo psicológico tradicional clínico. Este artigo tem como objetivo ilustrar um relato de experiência de estudantes de Psicologia que participaram do programa PET-Saúde em uma Unidade de Saúde da cidade de Curitiba-PR. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo descritivo que expõe a vivência prática dos estudantes na Atenção Básica. Como resultado, obtiveram-se aprendizados acerca do funcionamento de uma Unidade de Saúde, do fluxograma do Serviço de Psicologia e da atuação do profissional psicólogo em tal nível de atenção.

Palavras-chave: Pet-Saúde; Unidade de Saúde; Psicologia; Saúde Pública; Atenção Básica
Rede de apoio social e afetiva percebida por mulheres em situação conjugal com apenados
Authors: Martins Jappe Juliana , De Antoni Clarissa
Published: March 2024

Ao compreender o crescente número da população carcerária e, por consequência, o envolvimento de familiares com esse sistema, o presente trabalho busca explorar as percepções de mulheres em situação conjugal com apenados sobre sua rede de apoio social e afetiva. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratória-descritiva com mulheres de apenados em um Centro de Reintegração Social do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os instrumentos de coleta foram o questionário sociodemográfico e o roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada, ambos elaborados pelas pesquisadoras. Para a compreensão dos dados foi utilizada a Análise Temática. Participaram do estudo seis mulheres, entre 33 e 58 anos.  Observou-se que essas mulheres percebem suas redes sociais e afetivas como pequenas e, majoritariamente, formada por outras mulheres que as cercam, possuindo principalmente as funções de apoio social e guia cognitivo, embora haja a flutuação por todos os papéis. No entanto, essas redes ainda são percebidas como precárias pela discriminação, vergonha e sobrecarga de papéis assumidos. Salientamos a importância de fornecer visibilidade para essas mulheres que estão também em uma situação de vulnerabilidade psicossocial.
The role of the North Caucasian Diaspora (Muhajirs) in the Ottoman Empire in bilateral relations between Russia and Turkey in 1917-1921 in the context of revolutions, external and internal conflicts
Authors: Israilov Adam Khamzatovich
Published: March 2024

The author examines the influence of the North Caucasian diaspora (Muhajirs) on the relations of the Ottoman Empire, and later Turkey with Russia in the context of the creation of the Union of Highlanders of the North Caucasus and Dagestan in the region of the same name during the conflicts – the Civil War in Russia and the War of Independence of Turkey. The end of the First World War was marked by the fall of the largest European empires, including the Russian and Ottoman empires. These cataclysms have led to an increase in conflict in the region. In addition, these processes contributed to the growth of national consciousness of the peoples who were part of these states. At the same time, the social upsurge took place not only in the country of origin, but also in the diaspora, which, using its social position in the receiving country, tried to influence foreign policy in order to realize its historical "myth". In turn, the diaspora simultaneously acted as an informal "instrument" in relations between Russia and Turkey. The research used general scientific methods such as analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, the unity of historical and logical. A wide source and historiographical base was used. The study revealed that representatives of the diaspora had a double identity: on the one hand, they retained the "myth" of their historical homeland, on the other, they considered themselves loyal subjects of the Ottoman state. Based on their dual self-identification, their activities and the policy of the Turkish state in the Caucasus resulted, forming a kind of symbiosis, so the foreign policy interests of the state were intertwined with the desire of the muhajirs to return to their homeland. At the same time, the country of origin, although actively cooperating with the diaspora, also pursued its own interests. However, as the revolutions in Russia and Turkey faded and the state apparatus of the two countries strengthened, the diaspora factor began to decrease – national interests prevailed over the interests of individual ethnic groups.
Optimization of the professional training of policemen: parameters, pedagogical conditions and stages of optimization
Authors: Seleznev Vladimir Igorevich
Published: March 2024

The subject of the study is the optimization of the process of professional training of policemen, which will ensure the achievement of levels of preparedness of employees for police activities. The policemen preparedness to act competently, meaningfully and actively in the specific conditions of the operational situation will contribute to his professional self-determination and career growth. The parameters and pedagogical conditions for optimizing the professional training process substantiated in the study contribute to increasing the level of preparedness of a policeman (the level of his initial qualifications) and create conditions for the professional development of a policeman when performing professional functions in solving future official tasks. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the parameters have been determined and pedagogical conditions have been developed for optimizing the process of professional training of policemen, which are aimed at the professional development of an employee who is ready and able to perform professional service tasks in any position held with his further specialization. Reasonable levels of professional preparedness of policeman can be used to clarify the qualification requirements for this activity, as well as when assigning employees to various positions, to other units or services (departments), during rotations or career moves.
Wild boar abundance and hunting effectiveness in Atlantic Spain: environmental contraints
Authors: Acevedo Pelayo , Vicente Joaquín , Alzaga Vanesa , Gortázar Christian
Published: March 2024

Wild boar populations have increased over the species’ entire Spanish range even in areas with no direct influence of humans (like artificial feeding, watering, etc.). Some detrimental effects were raised in relation with the wild boar increase, which justifies the development and improvement of methods to estimate wild boar abundance and population trends. Harvesting information is important for planning the extraction policy and managements goals, mainly for elusive species as wild boar. Nevertheless this information could be biased by several factors, being hunting effectiveness one of them. Thus, our objective was to investigate how landscape structure affects wild boar abundance and hunting effectiveness. Based on data of 44 game territories for 4 seasons (from 1998-1999 to 2001-2002), we quantified hunting effectiveness as the proportion of animals caught in relation to the total seen by hunters. Then, we estimated a corrected wild boar abundance index following the De Lury’ method. Twenty two factors related with landscape structure, topography, human infrastructures, and hunting pressure, were considered to study their effects on wild boar abundance and hunting effectiveness by means of General Linear Models (GLM). Landscape structure factors that possibly resembled increased visibility (abundance of fern and landscape diversity index) and availability of wild boar resting places (percentage with south-west orientation) statistically associated with effectiveness. Factors related food availability (abundance of pre-forest but also landscape diversity index) statistically and positively associated with wild boar abundance. We suggest that corrected wild boar abundances should be considered in monitoring schemes to obtain more suitable wild boar abundance estimates. The applicability of hunting effectiveness data in catch-effort methodologies is discussed.
Emergence of catalytic function in prebiotic information-coding polymers
Authors: Tkachenko Alexei V. , Maslov Sergei
Published: March 2024

Life as we know it relies on the interplay between catalytic activity and information processing carried out by biological polymers. Here we present a plausible pathway by which a pool of prebiotic information-coding oligomers could acquire an early catalytic function, namely sequence- specific cleavage activity. Starting with a system capable of non-enzymatic templated replication, we demonstrate that even non-catalyzed spontaneous cleavage would promote proliferation by generating short fragments that act as primers. Furthermore, we show that catalytic cleavage function can naturally emerge and proliferate in this system. Specifically, a cooperative catalytic network with four subpopulations of oligomers is selected by the evolution in competition with chains lacking catalytic activity. The cooperative system emerges through the functional differentiation of oligomers into catalysts and their substrates. The model is inspired by the structure of the hammerhead RNA enzyme as well as other DNA- and RNA-based enzymes with cleavage activity that readily emerge through natural or artificial selection. We identify the conditions necessary for the emergence of the cooperative catalytic network. In particular, we show that it requires the catalytic rate enhancement over the spontaneous cleavage rate to be at least 10
2
− 10
3
, a factor consistent with the existing experiments. The evolutionary pressure leads to a further increase in catalytic efficiency. The presented mechanism provides an escape route from a relatively simple pairwise replication of oligomers towards a more complex behavior involving catalytic function. This provides a bridge between the information-first origin of life scenarios and the paradigm of autocatalytic sets and hypercycles, albeit based on cleavage rather than synthesis of reactants.
The archerfish uses motor adaptation in shooting to correct for changing physical conditions
Authors: Volotsky Svetlana , Donchin Opher , Segev Ronen
Published: March 2024

The archerfish is unique in its ability to hunt by shooting a jet of water from its mouth that hits insects situated above the water’s surface. To aim accurately, the fish needs to overcome physical factors including changes in light refraction at the air-water interface. Nevertheless, archerfish can still hit the target with a high success rate under changing conditions. One possible explanation for this extraordinary ability is that it is learned by trial and error through a motor adaptation process. We tested this possibility by characterizing the ability of the archerfish to adapt to perturbations in the environment to make appropriate adjustments to its shots. We introduced a perturbing airflow above the water tank of archerfish trained to shoot at a target. For each trial shot, we measured the error; i.e., the distance between the center of the target and the center of the water jet produced by the fish. Immediately after the airflow perturbation, there was an increase in shot error. Then, over the course of several trials, the error was reduced and eventually plateaued. After the removal of the perturbation, there was an aftereffect, where the error was in the opposite direction but washed out after several trials. These results indicate that archerfish can adapt to the airflow perturbation. Testing the fish with two opposite airflow directions indicated that adaptation took place within an egocentric frame of reference. These results thus suggest that the archerfish is capable of motor adaptation, as indicated by data showing that the fish produced motor commands that anticipated the perturbation.
Predicting individual traits from models of brain dynamics accurately and reliably using the Fisher kernel
Authors: Ahrends C , Woolrich M , Vidaurre D
Published: March 2024

Predicting an individual’s cognitive traits or clinical condition using brain signals is a central goal in modern neuroscience. This is commonly done using either structural aspects, or aggregated measures of brain activity that average over time. But these approaches are missing what can be the most representative aspect of these complex human features: the uniquely individual ways in which brain activity unfolds over time, that is, the dynamic nature of the brain. The reason why these dynamic patterns are not usually taken into account is that they have to be described by complex, high-dimensional models; and it is unclear how best to use information from these models for a prediction. We here propose an approach that describes dynamic functional connectivity and amplitude patterns using a Hidden Markov model (HMM) and combines it with the Fisher kernel, which can be used to predict individual traits. The Fisher kernel is constructed from the HMM in a mathematically principled manner, thereby preserving the structure of the underlying HMM. In this way, the unique, individual signatures of brain dynamics can be explicitly leveraged for prediction. We here show in fMRI data that the HMM-Fisher kernel approach is not only more accurate, but also more reliable than other methods, including ones based on time-averaged functional connectivity. This is important because reliability is critical for many practical applications, especially if we want to be able to meaningfully interpret model errors, like for the concept of brain age. In summary, our approach makes it possible to leverage information about an individual’s brain dynamics for prediction in cognitive neuroscience and personalised medicine.
Prognostic Value of NT-proBNP in Asymptomatic Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis and Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Authors: Laurenzano Cintia S. , Chirino Navarta Daniel A. , Cerda Jorgi María F. , Díaz Casale Alejandra
Published: March 2024

Background: The aortic valve replacement (AVR) indication in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and preserved function is being increasingly discussed. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the elevation of N-terminal fraction of the pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) predicts the occurrence of symptoms and the AVR indication in patients with severe AS and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), initially asymptomatic. Methods: Asymptomatic patients with severe AS, preserved LVEF (≥55%) and no initial AVR indication were prospectively included. All patients underwent laboratory tests measuring NT-proBNP at baseline, and an echocardiogram with tissue Doppler recording the lateral wall S wave (lat. S) and the E/e´ ratio. The endpoint was the aortic valve replacement indication at follow-up. Results: We included 133 patients aged 69 ± 8 years, 49% of which were women. After a follow-up of 570 (interquartile range 380-680) days, 23.3% (n=31) of them required aortic valve replacement. In the multivariate analysis, NT-proBNP value and the E/e' ratio were independent predictors of surgery (HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.001-1.03, p<0.001 and HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.21-2.45, p< 0.001, respectively). NT-proBNP presented an area under the curve (AUC) greater than the E/e’ ratio (0.88 versus 0.64, p=0.02). The best NT-proBNP cut-off point was determined as >350 pg./mL (adjusted HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.38-2.01, p<0.001). Conclusion: NT-proBNP value and the E/e' ratio were independent predictors of AVR requirement. NT-proBNP had a very good discrimination capacity, greater than the E/e´ ratio
A Preliminary Study of the Phenotype-Genotype Correlation in Cardiomyopathies in Patients Referred to a Tertiary Healthcare Center in the Suburbs of Buenos Aires
Authors: Streitenberger Gisela , Reyes Graciela R. , Velazco María P. , Pasquevich Viviana , De Santos Mariela , Granillo Fernández Marcos , Potito Mauricio , Kociubinski Pablo , Mariani Javier
Published: March 2024

Background: Cardiomyopathies are defined as a disorder of the myocardium in which the heart muscle is structurally and functionally abnormal, in the absence of coronary artery disease, hypertension (HT), valvular heart disease and congenital heart disease. These diseases are relatively common and a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although genetic testing is recommended for family screening, lack of solid data on specific genotype-phenotype associations has reduced its impact on clinical management. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the frequency of mutations in a population of patients with cardiomyopathy referred to a tertiary healthcare center and to analyze the genotype-phenotype correlation of the identified mutations. Methods: We prospectively included 102 patients with suspected familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), 70 of which were index cases, from an ambispective cohort of patients with cardiomyopathies treated in a tertiary healthcare public hospital in the province of Buenos Aires, from January 2012 to August 30, 2022. Results: Of 102 patients, 83 were considered affected. Of these, 31 were HCM and 52 were phenocopies, with no difference in prognosis. A genetic study was carried out in 77 patients, of whom 57 presented recognizable mutations, in 80% of the cases coinciding with a Mayo Score ≥3. Twenty-eight variants of uncertain significance were detected. Conclusions: It was confirmed that molecular testing guided by the Mayo Score provided high probability of detecting mutations. Molecular testing proved to be important due to the phenotypic and genotypic overlap in cardiomyopathies. Understanding the causative genetic variant, nowadays, does not affect the clinical management of most HCM patients, but is helpful in a small group of genes with treatment options.
Contributions to the Understanding of the Current Problems of the Doctor-Patient-Technology Trilogy
Authors: Trainini Jorge C. , Hornos Barberis Eduardo , Aranovich Ricardo
Published: March 2024

"The help provided by technological tools is beneficial to the clinical act. At this point, it is necessary for the physician to know how to investigate auxiliary procedures to achieve the diagnostic complementarities offered by semiology. Technology is not an isolated entity in the interpretation of elements that are added to the clinical act; in fact, it cannot decide by itself. Also, this does not lead to proper medical training. There should be no technological abuse in pursuit of a diagnosis. This does not improve or replace the clinical act, because unless properly interpreted, these studies can be misleading. An excessive value given to auxiliary procedures can lead to clinical error and neglect the "human factor", a pillar in medical practice"
ROLE OF AYURVEDIC MEDICINES ON CARCINOMA GALL BLADDER AFTER CONVENTIONAL ANTI-CANCER THERAPY: A RANDOMISED CONTROL TRIAL
Authors: Katru Priyanka , Porte Sharad , Sharma Ashwani
Published: March 2024

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) arises from the cystic duct and gallbladder lining, presenting as a thickening in the bile duct wall or a diffuse mass. Arbuda and Gulma are considered malignant tumours in Ayurveda. Acharya Charaka associates Gulma, a type of shotha, with the pittashaya (gall bladder) among the five adhishthans. Acharya Sushruta defines Gulma as "any granthi between hruday and Basti pradesh." Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of Ayurvedic medicine on associated signs and symptoms of carcinoma gall bladder following conventional anti-cancer therapy. Objective: To evaluate the QOL of the studied patient of carcinoma gall bladder following conventional anti-cancer therapy. Materials and methods: 20 patients suffering from the associated signs and symptoms of carcinoma gall bladder following conventional anti-cancer therapy were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups, i.e., Study Group B, Brihat Loknath Rasa 250 mg with lukewarm water, Mahashankh vati 250 mg with buttermilk, and Drakshavleha 6 gm with milk. In Control Group A, patients undergoing modern medicine were observed for 60 days. Results and Conclusion: The analysis of the relief percentage of the (Overall therapy) shows that the % relief for Study Group patients was 43.40% and the relief for Control Group was 38.68%. In conclusion, Ayurveda has the potential for symptomatic management of gallbladder cancer (GBC) by aligning with Pitta pradhan sannipatika Gulma. While a holistic approach and Ayurvedic principles show promise, more research in Ayurvedic oncology is required for validation.
CNS DEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF KASHAYA OF ASOKA – SARACA ASOCA ROXB. DE (WILDE.)
Authors: Raj Asha S , Oommen Sara Monsy
Published: March 2024

Ayurveda explains chikitsa (treatment – mode to attain health) as a conglomeration of chatushpada’s (four limbs). Pharmacological categorization of drugs can be explored for the first time from the Charaka Samhita, Shadvirechana Shatasriteeya Adhyaya. Asoka - Saraca asoca [Roxb] de Wilde has been included in the Vedanasthapana mahakashaya (group of drugs which alleviates a specific sensation) mentioned by Acharya Charaka, which is explained as streenam uchrokanashanaya by the Nighantukaara’s. The etymology of soka is chittavikalatha, which is a ‘lead’ to the action of a drug on “manasika bhava’s”. In clinical experience, apart from the pain, associated symptoms like nausea, vomiting, delirium, insomnia, emotional instability, nervousness, irritability, anger, and fear are also relieved by its usage. Till now, the pharmacological action of Asoka on “manasika bhava’s” remains unexplored. Hence, a preliminary experimental study has been undertaken on the reverse pharmacological aspect to assess the action of this drug on CNS. The depressant action of drugs on CNS is mediated through both neural and hormonal mechanisms. The immediate reduction in spontaneous motor activity was achieved through the neural mechanism, and the prolonged effect was achieved through the hormonal action. The drug possesses bitter principles. The functional bitter taste is expressed in brain cells by bitter taste receptors T2R’s. T2R-4, T2R-107, and T2R-38 transcripts are found in the brain stem, cerebral cortex and cerebellum. The drug is a potent source of phytoestrogen, which has oestrogen-mimicking action. The drug significantly reduces spontaneous motor activity in the CNS depressant activity study on all assessment days, with a p-value.
A CLINICAL STUDY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF GARBHASHAYA GRANTHI WITH SARJADI LEPA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO FIBROID UTERUS
Authors: Shindhe Pooja , HV Rachana
Published: March 2024

Background: Uterine fibroids are the most common gynaecological disorder, and as such, it should not be surprising that, over the countries. It is also a well-known fact that fibroid is one of the lifestyle disorders that have risen to numbers that never existed before. Uterine fibroid, considered as Garbhashaya Granthi in this study, is one of the forms of current lifestyle disorder. When the fibroid size is small, it may or may not show symptoms. In the presence of symptoms, the patient may suffer from menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, anaemia, etc. Fibroid is dependent on oestrogen, and therefore, a hyperestrogenic state will be there. It will grow potentially in the childbearing period. An attempt is made to reverse this pathogenesis and reduce the fibroid growth. Aim: To analyse the efficacy of Sarjadi lepa along with oral Chitraka moola churna in the management of Garbhashaya Granthi with special reference to fibroid uterus. Method: A randomised open-labelled controlled clinical study of two groups of 15 patients, the control and trial groups, in each group. Results: Size of fibroid reduction was seen in both the groups, but Group B patients had a little more size reduction compared to Group A. Conclusion: Combined Chitraka moola churna orally along with Sarjadi lepa and alone Chitraka moola churna orally is equally effective in Garbhashaya Granthi with special reference to fibroid uterus.
A LITERARY SURVEY OF AUSHADHA AND AHARA DRAVYA VARGAS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BRIHATTRAYI
Authors: Soman Athira , Sakkari Rekha , Sam Sneha Elsa
Published: March 2024

Ayurveda gives immense importance in prevention of diseases along with maintainance of health. This life science recommends’ Dravya (Medicinal Substance/Drug) as the most important tool in treatment and considers it as one among the Chikitsa Chatushpaada (4 limbs for treatment). The Dravyas present in the universe can be considered as Ahara (Food) and Aushadha (Medicine). Ahara is the most essential component of life both in healthy as well as diseased state. Improper intake of Ahara can cause illness and the management of diseases can be done with the help of Aushadhis. To understand the wide distribution of Dravyas, all the Acharyas (Scholars) including Brihattrayis (The Greater Trio) has explained and classified both the Ahara and Aushadha Dravyas in an easy and understandable manner. Dravyaguna Vijnana (Ayurvedic Pharmacology) is a section of Ayurveda which mainly deals with Guna (properties), Karma (action) and Prayoga (Therapeutic effects) of various Dravyas and the general principles of Ayurvedic pharmacognosy and pharmacology is included in it for the better management of disease. One cannot treat a disease simply by knowing the Nama (Name) and Rupa (Morphology) of Aushadhas alone. A wise physician should take into account about the properties of Aushadha and Ahara Dravyas along with Roga-Rogi Pariksha Vidhi (Methods of Examination of Disease as well as the Patient) while giving medicine. So an Ajna Vaidya (Ignorant physician) who is not having proper knowledge of Dravyas can’t treat a patient successfully. In this review article, an approach is made to understand the grouping of drugs under different Vargas by the Brihattrayis based on various aspects.
A REVIEW ON TRIKATU CHURNA
Authors: Sharma Priyanka , Kumar Avadhesh , Aggarwal Ruby Rani , Tripati Sanjay Kumar
Published: March 2024

Ayurveda has an ancient heritage of traditional herbs in which Trikatu is very precious. Trikatu is a poly herbal preparation. It consists of three crude drugs namely Maricha (Piper nigrum Linn). Pippali (Piper longum Linn) and Shunthi (Zingiber officinalis Rosc) in the ratio of (1:1:1; ww). Trikatu also called as Katutrikam, Tryusnam, Vyosa. Trikatu is used as solo drug rarely, but it is an essential ingredient of numerous formulations and prescriptions of Ayurvedic medicine. Trikatu churna is considered as one of the best drugs to treat the condition of Ama (improperly digested absorbed and improperly metabolised food particles including free radicles). Trikatu is regarded as the drug of choice in cases of Agnimandya (poor digestion due to faulty digestive process). In Brihattrayi, it is recommended for various diseases due to Agni (digestive fire) vitiation such as Grahaniroga (Malabsorption syndrome), Udara roga (major diseases of abdomen surgical and medical like hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and ascites), Arsharoga (piles) etc. Its contents are dipana and pacana in their action. By virtue of these properties the drug becomes effective in managing ama. The objective of this article is to highlight classification, synonyms, pharmacological actions as described in various diseases, and different formulations of Trikatu in ancient Ayurvedic.
UNEVENTFUL PREGNANCY IN DIDELPHYS UTERUS DELIVERED THROUGH CAESAREAN SECTION: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Malsariya Swati , Sanjyal Bihani , Bharathi K. , Jain Suman , Pushpalatha B.
Published: March 2024

Didelphys uterus, also known as "double uterus," is a rare congenital anomaly characterised by the presence of two separate uteri, each with its cervix. This happens as a result of the Müllerian duct embryonic fusion failing. The chance of having a pregnancy in one of the uteri without having any complications during pregnancy is relatively low. We are reporting a case of a 24-year-old primigravida woman with a didelphys uterus. The patient presented with the complaint of leaking per vaginum at term gestation in hospital IPD. She had undergone ultrasonography many times during her pregnancy, but no ultrasound finding suspects any congenital anomaly of the uterus. During the ninth month of gestation, when the patient came with leaking per vaginal, two vagina were discovered with a thick longitudinal vaginal septum, so she underwent an elective caesarean section due to the potential risks associated with vaginal delivery and under the suspicion of two separate uteri. During caesarean section, uterus didelphys was confirmed as two uteri with separate fallopian tubes and ovary; one was gravid, and another was non-gravid. The management of this condition requires careful planning and coordination among the multidisciplinary team to ensure a successful and safe outcome. The present case report reveals her history, diagnostic workup, caesarean delivery, and management outcome.
EFFECTIVENESS OF YASHTIMADHU CHURNA, AMALAKI RASAYANA AND PHALATRIKADI KWATH IN HEPATOSTEATOSIS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Upadhyay Shushma , Pandey Yogesh Kumar
Published: March 2024

Hepatic steatosis is defined as the accumulation of intrahepatic fat of at least 5% of liver weight, which may lead to metabolic dysfunction and inflammation in the liver. It is a common condition in 7% to 30% of people and gets worse over time into liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Modern science illustrates that there is no specific treatment protocol for fatty liver disease (FLD) except a healthy diet and exercise. In this case report, an individual was diagnosed with hepatosteatosis, having symptoms- pain in the abdomen with heartburn, burning in the throat, excessive thirst, belching, lassitude, constipation, nausea, and a yellowish appearance in the eyes. Fibroscan shows 77% of fat deposition with fibrosis (Grade F1). Based on the cardinal features of Udarashula, Chardi, and Peetanetra, the patient was assigned as a case of Parinam Shula and treated according to the line of management of Shula Chikitsa. After 3 months of drug intervention, there is a significant reduction in symptoms. Fibroscan shows a significant reduction in fat deposition (77% to 24%) with changes in fibrosis grading (from F1 to F0).
MANAGEMENT OF GRAHANI ROGA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ULCERATIVE COLITIS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Yadahalli Santosh L , KH Misriya , B Megha , Desai Ananta S
Published: March 2024

Grahani roga is a disease of significant clinical relevance in the modern era. It is a disease caused by a faulty lifestyle, which includes defective dietary habits, regimen and psychological factors. It resembles the symptoms of Ulcerative colitis. It is a form of inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the large intestine, especially in the rectum. Aims and objectives: To evaluate the effect of Piccha Basti along with Shirodhara in Grahani roga. Materials and methods: Takra Basti and Piccha Basti followed by Anuvasana Basti with Changeryadi ghrita in Kala Basti pattern, Shiro dhara with Medha kwatha ksheerapaka and shamana oushadhis were administered. Result: The treatment adopted is effective in the management of Grahani and has shown significant changes in the signs and symptoms of Grahani roga. Discussion: Takra Basti and Piccha Basti reduce the inflammation by its grahi, deepana and picchila guna. It also improves the functioning of Grahani. Piccha basti, due to its picchila guna, forms the coating over the intestine, thereby preventing further mucosa damage. Conclusion: Shodhana, shamana yoga, and dietic modification give maximum benefits. Hence, an effort has been made to treat Ulcerative colitis through Panchakarma.
PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYTICAL STUDY OF DHAVADI BHASMA
Authors: Rajanal Tejashwini M , S Ravikrishna , PU Shubha , Prabhu Suchitra N , Hebbar Chaitra
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The quality of drugs is the prime and basic need of present pharmacies to safeguard the well-being and efficacy of drugs when it comes to herbal origin. The Ayurveda system of medicine stretched worldwide due to the increased side effects of synthetic drugs, lack of remedies for several chronic diseases, microbial resistance, high cost of synthetic drugs, developing diseases, and, most importantly, bacterial diseases transferred through polluted water. Bhasma (ash) form is a potent Ayurvedic pharmaceutical with biologically active and powerful healing preparation. These Bhasma (ash) possess a wide range of therapeutic efficacy and are considered superior because of their small dose, quick action, palatability, and longer shelf life. Dhavadi Bhasma is one of the Jalashuddhikarana yogas (formulations) mentioned in the Kriyakoumudi-A Malayalam textbook of Visha chikitsa (treatment), which helps to enhance its properties and retain its benefits. Aims: The present study focuses on the pharmaceutical-analytical study of Dhavadi Bhasma (ash) with various parameters. Materials and Methods: The method of preparation and the comprehensive standardization of Dhavadi Bhasma formulation is done per the standard testing protocol and accentuates its properties and actions in Jalashuddhikarana (water purification). Observation and results: Dhavadi Bhasma, explained by Kriyakoumudi, contains eight drugs, all of which have Vishahara (anti-poisonous) and Krimigna (anti-bacterial) properties and can be used in water purification.
How Do Arable Crop Farmers’ Adapt to Climate Change? New Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Chima Orgu, Kenneth , Success Esiobu Nnaemeka , Sander Björn Ole , Ali Jauhar , Romasanta Ryan Rogelio , Murugaiyan Varunseelan, , Chinatu Nwaiwu Juan , Chukwunonso Adikaibe Paschal , Ekpereka Ruby Patrick , Mag Emeruwa Azuoma , Ndidi Akande Stella , Ifeoma Chiemeka Cabrin , Nwakaego Okoroafor Uchechi , Patience Ezema , Ifeyinwa Okenwa-Onuobia
Published: March 2024

In Nigeria, climate change is not a new phenomenon and arable crop production is vulnerable to climate change. Arable crop farmers have always responded to climate change with local strategies believed to be climate-smart. Arable crop farmers' knowledge of climate change is an important step in understanding any action to be taken to reduce its effect. However, empirical studies on the link between climate change and crop farmers’ adaptation strategies are still relatively scanty in the area. This presents a dearth in research. Therefore, our paper examined how arable crop farmers adapt to climate change using cross-sectional data obtained through a structured focused group discussion and questionnaire from 120 arable farmers across critical farming communities in Imo State, Nigeria. We utilized multistage and purposive sampling procedure in the selection of arable crop farmers. The reason we utilized purposive sampling procedure was to select areas with high intensity of arable crop farmers and farming. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistical tools and mean (x̄) score analysis. Our result shows that the mean age was 42.00 years. Greater proportions (73.00%) were female. The average farm size was 1.45 hectares. Vegetables (100.00%), maize (99.17%), cassava (98.33%) and rice (96.67%) were among the crops produced in the area. The result confirmed the incidence of climate change in the area and farmers perceived rightly the direction of the change, which includes declining crop yields (x̄ = 3.00; σ = 0.50), increased in new pests and diseases infestation (x̄= 2.88; σ = 0.58); unstable decrease and increase in temperature and rainfall (x̄=3.63, σ = 0.83) among others. Our study further shows that the major climate change adaptation measures farmers practiced were diversification of livelihood (99.17%) and changing planting/harvesting dates (97.50%). Farmers identified inadequate information (99.17) and inadequate climate change adaptation fund (98.33%) among others as the barriers they faced in adapting to climate change in the area. We recommend that, since arable crop farmers are members of cooperatives, they are encouraged to take advantage of their strength to collectively project a common demand in obtaining funds and other necessary inputs in adapting to climate change in the area. Finally, our study also suggests that the agricultural extension service system should be strengthened so as to provide farmers with stable and right early warning signs which will be critical in minimizing risks of climatic threats in the area.