bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Benchmarking of print properties and microstructures of 316L stainless steel DMLS prints
Authors: Gallant Lucas , Hsiao Amy , McSorley Grant
Published: September 2021

Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) is an established technology in metal additive manufacturing. This complex manufacturing process yields unique as-built material properties that influence mechanical performance and vary with different machine parameters. Part porosity and residual stresses, which lead to part failures, and grain structure, as it relates to mechanical properties and anisotropy of DMLS parts, require investigation for different print settings. This work presents results for density, residual stress, and microstructural inspections on designed test artifacts for the benchmarking of 3D metal printers. Results from printing artifacts on two separate DMLS printer models with default parameters show highly dense parts for both printers, with relative densities above 99.5%. Characterization of residual stress through cantilevered deflection specimens indicates similar resulting thermal stresses developed in both build processes, with deflection averages of 32.48% and 28.09% for the respective machines. Additionally, properties of the test artifact printed after adjusting default machine parameters for equal energy density are characterized.
Inline Non-Destructive Material Property Testing: The Future of Manufacturing
Authors: Wright David M. , Ward Dan C.
Published: September 2021

Across all industries, material specifications are tightening beyond previously understood process capabilities. Slight shifts in material grade, microstructure, heat treatment, or alloy composition can significantly impact long term material integrity. This study examines the feasibility of noncontact, 100% inline magneto-inductive testing on materials and components to ensure material quality standards. To investigate the hypothesis that material grade, carbon content, density, and alloy composition can be accurately tested in real time during production, an experiment was conducted using magneto-inductive test instrumentation and an encircling coil. The results of the investigation confirmed that 100% of the material in a component could be thus tested, accurately, efficiently, and autonomously verifying that the specified material grade with the proper composition and properties had been used.
Influence of Specimen Design on Maximum Heating Rate and Temperature Variation During Induction Heating in an 805L Dilatometer
Authors: Cryderman Robert , Bamrud Finn , Eddir Tareq , Goldstein Robert
Published: September 2021

Commercially, carbon steels are induction heated at heating rates on the order of 100 to 1,000 °C·s-1 for surface hardening. The high precision DIL 805L dilatometer employs induction heating and is often used to study transformation characteristics and prepare test specimens for metallurgical analysis. However, heating the commonly used 4 mm diameter by 10 mm long specimens at rates above 50 °C·s-1 results in non-linear heating rates during transformation to austenite and large transient temperature variations along the specimen length. These limitations in heating rate and variances from ideal uniform heating can lead to inaccurate characterization of the transformation behavior compared to commercial induction hardening practices. In this study it is shown that changing the specimen design to a thin wall tube allows faster heating rates up to 600 °C·s-1 and modifies the pattern of temperature variations within the test sample. The response of selected specimen geometries to induction heating in the dilatometer is characterized by modelling and tests using multiple thermocouples are used to verify the models. It is demonstrated that the use of properly designed tubular test specimens can aid in more accurately establishing transformation characteristics during commercial induction hardening.
Austempering and Bainitic Transformation Kinetics of AISI 52100
Authors: You Haoxing , Yang Mei , Zhang Yishu , Sisson Richard D.
Published: September 2021

AISI 52100 is a high carbon alloy steel typically used in bearings. One hardening heat treatment method for AISI 52100 is austempering, in which the steel is heated to above austenitizing temperature, cooled to just above martensite starting (Ms) temperature in quench media (typically molten salt), held at that temperature until the transformation to bainite is completed and then cooled further to room temperature. Different austempering temperatures and holding times will develop different bainite percentages in the steel and result in different mechanical properties. In the present work, the bainitic transformation kinetics of AISI 52100 were investigated through experiments and simulation. Molten salt austempering trials of AISI 52100 were conducted at selected austempering temperatures and holding times. The austempered samples were characterized and the bainitic transformation kinetics were analyzed by Avrami equations using measured hardness data. The CHTE quench probe was used to measure the cooling curves in the molten salt from austenitizing temperature to the selected austempering temperatures. The heat transfer coefficient (HTC) was calculated with the measured cooling rates and used to calculate the bainitic transformation kinetics via DANTE software. The experimental results were compared with the calculated results and they had good agreement.
Mechanical Design, Additive Manufacturing, and Performance of Equal Volume Metamaterials
Authors: Horváth Richárd , Barth Vendel , Gonda Viktor , Réger Mihály , Felde Imre
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we study the energy absorption of metamaterials composed of unit cells whose special geometry makes the cross-sectional area and the volume of the bodies generated from them constant (for the same enclosing box dimensions). After a parametric description of such special geometries, we analyzed by finite element analysis the deformation of the metamaterials we have designed during compression. We 3D printed the designed metamaterials from plastic to subject them to real compression. The results of the finite element analysis were compared with the real compaction results. Then, for each test specimen, we plotted its compaction curve. By fitting a polynomial to the compaction curves and integrating it (area under the curve), the energy absorption of the samples can be obtained. As a result of these investigations, we drew a conclusion about the relationship between energy absorption and cell number.
Understanding Cooling Rate Response of Test Pieces and Actual Gears Using Heat Treat
Authors: Maniruzzaman Mohammed , Pershing Michael A. , Komurka Joel , Henning Curtis
Published: September 2021

The cooling history of carburized heat-treated gears plays a significant role in developing microstructure, hardness, and residual stress in the tooth that influences the fatigue performance of the gear. Evaluating gear carburizing heat treatment should include a microstructure and hardened depth evaluation. This can be done on an actual part or with a test piece. The best practice for a test piece is to use a section size that closely approximates the cooling rate at the gear flank of the actual gear. This study furthers work already presented showing the correct test piece size that should be used for different gear modules (tooth thicknesses). Metallurgical comparisons between test pieces, actual gears, and FEA simulations are shown.
Changes in Residual Stress State During Quench and Temper of Vacuum Carburized Gear Steel
Authors: Sala Kevin C. , Hernandez Amy , Gordon Ryan , Frame Lesley D.
Published: September 2021

Vacuum carburizing 9310 gear steel followed by austenitizing, oil quench, cryogenic treatment, and tempering is known to impact the residual stress state of the material. Residual stress magnitude and depth distribution can have adverse effects on part distortion during intermediary and finish machining steps. This study provides residual stress measurement, microstructural, and mechanical property data for test samples undergoing a specific heat treat sequence. Test rings of 9310 steel are subjected to a representative gear manufacturing sequence that includes normalizing, rough machining, vacuum carburizing to 0.03”, austenitizing, quench, cryo-treatment, temper, and finish machining. The rings along with metallurgical samples are characterized after each step in order to track residual stress and microstructural changes. The results presented here are particularly interesting because the highest compressive residual stresses appear after removal of copper masking, not after quenching as expected. Data can be used for future ICME models of the heat treat and subsequent machining steps. Analytical methods employed include X-ray diffraction, optical and electron microscopy, and hardness testing.
The Experiences of Nursing Students towards Distance Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: ÖZKAN İlknur , TAYLAN Secil , İLASLAN Emine
Published: September 2021

With the emergency crisis management due to the COVID-19, in many countries around the world, the education system structured according to formal education has been tailored to the distance education system This study was carried out to comprehensively investigate and understand the experiences of nursing students towards web-based education in Turkey, which is applying distance education today due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was conducted as a qualitative study with a Hermeneutic phenomenological framework. Data collection was terminated when data saturation was reached. The sample of the study consisted of 14 student nurses. The data were evaluated using Van Manen's thematic analysis method. The analysis of the data revealed three themes: "COVID-19 and the distance education that comes with it", "barriers to distance education", and "dilemmas regarding distance education in terms of nursing education". In the study, nursing students perceived personal, infrastructural, technical equipment, and pedagogical barriers to distance education. Although students were aware of some of the opportunities offered by distance education, they defined the lack of clinical practice as an important deficiency and inadequacy in terms of nursing education and stated that they were worried about this issue. In terms of the successful applicability of distance education in nursing education, it is important to be aware of the barriers and to try to reduce them, and to increase strategies that will strengthen clinical learning as an alternative to clinical education, which is an integral part of nursing education.
Types of the pelagic nemerteans in the Zoological Institute, St.Petersburg (Nemertea: Enopla)
Authors: Chernyshev A.V. , Chaban E.M.
Published: September 2021

At present, the collection of the Zoological Institute contains 29 type specimens of 23 species of pelagic nemerteans from the orders Pelagica and Cratenemertea. The types of four species (Pelagonemertes laticauda Korotkevitsch, 1955, P. oviporus Korotkevitsch, 1955, Obnemertes maximovi Korotkevitsch, 1960 and O. ramosa Korotkevitsch, 1960) have not been found. The lectotype for Mesarmaueria pellucida Korotkevitsch, 1955 is designated. The genus Nemertobus Chernyshev, 1992 is synonymized with Obnemertes Prudhoe, 1963. Nectonemertes compacta Korotkevitsch, 1964 and Pelagonemertes parvula Korotkevitsch, 1964 are transferred to Chuniella Brinkmann, 1917 and Balaenanemertes Bürger, 1909, respectively.
Three bathypelagic scolecitrichids new to the North Pacific, with comments on diagnostic features of Scolecitrichidae and Tharybidae and on the positions of Heteramalla, Rythabis and Parkius (Copepoda: Calanoida)
Authors: Vyshkvartzeva N.V.
Published: September 2021

Additional descriptions and illustrations of the females of Heteramalla sarsi Roe, 1975, Amallothrix aspinosa Roe, 1975 and Landrumius gigas (A. Scott, 1909), collected in the central and northwestern Pacific for the first time, are presented. The diagnostic significance of the setation of the maxillules, maxillae and maxillipeds in Scolecitrichidae, Tharybidae and Diaixidae is analyzed. The proportions of maxillule expressed as indices showing length or width of its different parts in relation to the width of the first inner lobe are proposed here as the main distinguishing characters separating Scolecitrichidae and Tharybidae, more informative than some diagnostic features of its setation. The relationships between the Bradfordian families and between sections of the family Scolecitrichidae are discussed, mainly on the basis of setation of the maxilla and maxilliped. The systematic positions of A. aspinosa and the genera Heteramalla, Puchinia, Cenognatha, Plesioscolecithrix, Rythabis and Parkius are discussed. A detailed comparative analysis of characters of the genus Heteramalla is provided. Heteramalla and Puchinia belong to the group of early offshoots of the family Scolecitrichidae, not to the central core, where they were placed by Ohtsuka with coauthors (2003) and by Boxshall & Hulsey (2004). Rythabis has the setation of maxillule closer to the ancestral type common to all Bradfordian families, but the proportions of maxillule typical to Tharybidae. Since the indices of maxillule do not overlap in Scolecitrichidae and Tharybidae, and the maxillule and other mouthparts show different evolutionary trends of specialization, Rythabis is considered as a member of the Tharybidae, where it was placed by Schulz (in Schulz & Beckmann, 1995). Parkius has the proportions of the maxillule intermediate between those in Scolecitrichidae and Tharybidae and unique apomorphic features recorded earlier by Ferrari & Markhaseva (1996). These unique progressive features of Parkius can be a result of important biological transformations, compared with the other Bradfordian families; therefore the status of the separate family Parkiidae, fam. dist., is restored. The male considered as Racovitzanus sp. (Grice & Hulsemann, 1967) actually belongs to Parkius. Swimming legs 5 of this male are peculiar, fitting those neither of Scolecitrichidae nor of Tharybidae. Their structure shows a separate evolutionary trend and also justifies the family status of Parkiidae.
Taxonomy of Podoscirtinae (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Part 4: African Podoscirtini and geography of the tribe
Authors: Gorochov A.V.
Published: September 2021

Eight genera belonging to a generic group with the modified male genitalia (similar to those of the Indo-Malayan genus Truljalia) are characterized. They are distributed only in Africa south of Sahara. Four new genera, 13 new species, and unknown male of one species are described; some other African genera and species are considered (i.e., type material is revised, a lectotype for Dolichogryllus camerunensis Bol. is designated, and information on the systematic position of some forms is given). The distribution of the Podoscirtini genera is considered; 7-8 regions with almost endemic generic composition are outlined. Preliminary hypotheses for the origin of the Podoscirtini faunas of these regions are proposed. New replacement names (Valiatrella, nom. n. and Stenotrella, nom. n.) are proposed for the genera Valia Gorochov, 1985 (non Alexeev, 1979) and Stenogryllodes Chopard, 1952 (non Chopard, 1936), respectively.
Eschatology in the Intertestamental Period in Light of 4 Ezra 6, 7-10
Authors: Тодиев Александр
Published: September 2021

Материал статьи посвящён библейской эсхатологии. В межзаветной апокалиптической литературе жизнь мира делилась обыкновенно на две половины или же на два века: «нынешний век», «грядущий век». Для Ездры концепция «двух веков» является магистральной. В статье рассматривается аллегорическое переложение в 3 Езд. данной эсхатологической темы на мотив истории Иакова и Исава. Отмечена историософская традиция толкования 3 Езд. 6, 7-10.

The article is devoted to the biblical eschatology. In the intertestamental apocalyptic literature the life of the world is divided commonly into two halves, or into two ages: «this age», «the coming age». For 4 Ezra the concept of «two ages» is in the mainline. The article considers the allegorical arrangement in 4 Ezra of the mentioned eschatological theme according to the of the story of Jacob and Esau. There is marked the historiosophical tradition of interpretation 4 Ezra 6, 7-10.
Martyrius-Sahdona. “On the True Faith and the Firm Confession of Orthodoxy”
Authors: Судаков Максим
Published: September 2021

На русский язык переведён фрагмент из «Книги совершенства» - пространного аскетического трактата восточносирийского автора VII века Мартирия-Сахдоны, епископа Церкви Востока. Он известен как руководитель монахов и видный духовный писатель. Примечателен он главным образом тем, что пошёл на разрыв с Церковью Востока,когда стал учить об одной ипостаси Христа, за что и был лишён сана и предан анафеме. «Книга совершенства» сохранилась не менее, чем в двух рукописях, древнейшая из которых - Argent.4116 - происходит из синайского монастыря Неопалимой купины (Бет-Мар-Моше) и датируется 837 г. В 1960-х гг. «Книга совершенства» была опубликована вместе с прочими известными сочинениями Мартирия-Сахдоны, тогда же был опубликован их французский перевод. Христологическое учение Мартирия-Сахдоны, с давних пор и до сего времени привлекающее внимание исследователей, содержится, главным образом, в приводимом ниже фрагменте «Книги совершенства». Помимо вопросов христологии, в нем изложено учение о Святой Троице, всеобщем Воскресении и Страшном Суде, а также сказано о взаимосвязи веры и нравственности. Перевод снабжён словарёмосновных терминов и подстрочным комментарием, в котором указаны источники, главным образом, библейских цитат, а также даны пояснения к переводу.

This is a translation from Syriac into Russian of a fragment of the «Book of Perfection», a large ascetic treatise. The author of the book, Martyrius-Sahdona, a bishop in the Church of the East, is a 7th century East-Syrian writer. He is known as a teacher of monks and famous spiritual author. He is especially distinguished by his controversy with the Church of the East, after he begun to teach about one hypostasis of the Christ. For this reason, he was disgowned and anathematized. The «Book of Perfection» is preserved in at least two manuscripts, the earliest of which originates from the Beth-Mar-Moshe Monastery of Mount Sinai and is dated by 837 AC (Argent. 4116). In the 1960s the «Book of Perfection» was published along with some other known Sahdona’s writings. At the same time corresponding translations into French were issued. The christological teaching of Sahdona, which has been attracting attention of researchers from the earliest times hitherto, is mainly contained in the present fragment of the «Book of Perfection». Besides christological aspects, it also contains doctrines of the Trinity, of the universal resurrection, and of the Last Judgement, along with considerations on the relationship between faith and morality. The introduction presents brief biographic and literary information and outlines the main subjects of the fragment. The translation is supplemented with a glossary of the main terms and a commentary indicating sources of citations in the text (foremost biblical) and explaining the translation.
How Web Shops Impact Consumer Behavior?
Authors: Štimac Helena , Kelić Ivan , Bilandžić Karla
Published: September 2021

The behavior of e-customers is quite unpredictable, which raises additional questions about this topic. The purpose of the paper is to conduct research on e-customers,
understand the impact of marketing actions on e-customer behavior and understand the unpredictability of e-customers. Research was conducted on the Mlinar web shop that
sells cakes. 284 respondents/buyers had the opportunity to solve questionnaires about behavior after purchase and consumption of product. Different methods have been used
in the analysis - descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis (reliability analysis, correlation analysis and linear regression) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed
that most examinees were satisfied with online shopping on the Mlinar web shop and that they are impulsive when online shopping. Saving time is the main reason to buy on a web shop. Research proved that variables such as firm reputation/perceived value, e-satisfaction and online services positively affect the creation of e-loyalty in their users.
Transferring an Interdisciplinary Student Product Development Project to Full Online Conduction
Authors: Herstätter Patrick , Kohlweiss Andreas , Hulla Maria , Ramsauer Christian
Published: September 2021

"Product Innovation" is a 7-month product development course, conducted at the Institute of Innovation and Industrial Management with international and interdisciplinary student teams. A close connection and interaction between industry, students and research has been an important part of this project-based learning course. Due to the COVID19 pandemic and the worldwide occurring lockdowns, students were not able anymore to interact and conduct their projects in the proven manner. Being in a critical phase of the project, the course concept had to be reorganized and transferred to online conduction by using computer supported collaboration work within a few days. Both observations and surveys were used to compare changes in student´s behaviour and results of the project. This paper will describe 1) the original situation and course concept, 2) show how the course was transformed to online conduction, 3) describe the observations made and 4) analyse how the students experienced the transformation.
Violation of the goals and conditions for the use of budget subsidies - criminal law aspect
Authors: Andreeva Elena M.
Published: September 2021

This publication is devoted to the analysis of violations of the goals and conditions for the use of budget subsidies on the example of grants for scientific research through criminal liability. Since only one article of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is provided for these acts - 2851 "Misuse of budget funds", the authors focused their attention on its study. The objectives of the study are, firstly, to assess the coverage of all violations in the use of budget subsidies that pose a significant public danger and require criminal prosecution by this corpus delicti. Secondly, a comprehensive description of the elements of the crime provided for in Article 2851 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, in relation to budget subsidies for scientific research using literal, logical, systematic, as well as historical ways of interpreting the norms of law. The results of the study were the shortcomings of the criminal law norms on responsibility in the use of budget funds identified by the authors. As such, we can name the discrepancy between the terminology of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the Budget Code of the Russian Federation in this part, the narrow scope of the analyzed article of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation among persons, a small number of offenses in the studied area, which are included in Article 2851 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The authors have accumulated proposals for improving the current criminal legislation.
SINGULARLY FINITE RANK NONSYMMETRIC PERTURBATIONS ${\mathcal H}_{-2}$-CLASS OF A SELF-ADJOINT OPERATOR
Authors: Dyuzhenkova O. , Dudkin M.
Published: September 2021

The singular nonsymmetric rank one perturbation of
a self-adjoint operator from classes ${\mathcal H}_{-1}$ and ${\mathcal H}_{-2}$ was considered for the first time in works by
Dudkin M.E. and Vdovenko T.I. \cite{k8,k9}. In the mentioned papers, some properties of the point spectrum are described,
which occur during such perturbations.

This paper proposes generalizations of the results presented in \cite{k8,k9} and \cite{k2} in the case of
nonsymmetric class ${\mathcal H}_{-2}$ perturbations of finite rank.
That is, the formal expression of the following is considered
\begin{equation*}
\tilde A=A+\sum \limits_{j=1}^{n}\alpha_j\langle\cdot,\omega_j\rangle\delta_j,
\end{equation*}
where $A$ is an unperturbed self-adjoint operator on a separable Hilbert space
${\mathcal H}$, $\alpha_j\in{\mathbb C}$, $\omega_j$, $\delta_j$, $j=1,2, ..., n<\infty$ are
vectors from the negative space ${\mathcal H}_{-2}$ constructed by the operator $A$,
$\langle\cdot,\cdot\rangle$ is the dual scalar product between positive and negative spaces.
REPRESENTATION OF SOLUTIONS OF KOLMOGOROV TYPE EQUATIONS WITH INCREASING COEFFICIENTS AND DEGENERATIONS ON THE INITIAL HYPERPLANE
Authors: Pasichnyk H. , Ivasyshen S.
Published: September 2021

The nonhomogeneous model Kolmogorov type ultraparabolic equation with inﬁnitely increasing coeﬃcients at the lowest derivatives as |x| → ∞ and degenerations for t = 0 is considered in the paper. Theorems on the integral representation of solutions of the equation are proved. The representation is written with the use of Poisson integral and the volume potential generated by the fundamental solution of the Cauchy problem. The considered solutions, as functions of x, could inﬁnitely increase as |x| → ∞, and could behave in a certain way as t → 0, depending on the type of the degeneration of the equation at t = 0. Note that in the case of very strong degeneration, the solutions, as functions of x, are bounded. These results could be used to establish the correct solvability of the considered equation with the classical initial condition in the case of weak degeneration of the equation at t = 0, weight initial condition or without the initial condition if the degeneration is strong.
Barriers towards Sustainable Development Goal (Sdg 5) On Achieving Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women and Girls in Nyanga Rural District of Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe
Authors:   Unit of Institutional Change and Social Justice, University of Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa, Louis Nyahunda , Shyleen Chibvura , M Tirivangasi Happy
Published: September 2021

Gender equality and human rights are vital components of sustainable development. Recognising this, like many countries across the globe, Zimbabwe adopted and is in the process of implementing the Agenda 2030 for sustainable development. As such, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) influence the country’s national priorities and developmental trajectories. 2030 is earmarked for the completion of the SDGs and their evaluation. That being the case, it is important to note that in Zimbabwe the realisation of (SDG,5) on achieving gender equality and empowerment of women and girls is still far from being a lived reality owing to several setbacks. This paper delineated the factors impeding the successful realisation of SDGs aimed at promoting gender equality and empowerment of women/girls in Zimbabwe. The paper adopted a qualitative research approach guided by the descriptive design. 15 participants were selected through purposive and convenient sampling and data were collected using focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Data were analysed through the Thematic Content Analysis. This study established that barriers towards the attainment of gender equality in Nyanga rural district are embedded in cultural, religious, and political factors. Other factors such as poverty and lack of policy implementation also serve as barriers towards the realisation of gender equality and empowerment of women.
Judi Online Dikalangan Remaja (Kasus Kelurahan Bone – Bone, Luwu)
Authors: AT Muhammad Ramli , Haris Andi , Heru Heru , A. Andi Rusdayani
Published: September 2021

Perilaku menyimpan merupakan suatu tindakan yang dilakukan secara sadar oleh seseorang berlandaskan atas berbagai alasan, sama halnya dengan remaja yang terlibat dalam permainan judi online, secara sadar mereka mengetahui bahwa perjudian termasuk dalam perilaku menyimpang yang dipandang tak baik oleh sebagaian masyarakat serta dilarang oleh hukum Negara, namun hal tersebut tidak menutupi ketertarikan mereka ikut serta didalamnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan karakterisristik remaja pelaku judi online dampak dari judi online faktor penyebab bertahanya judi online. Penelitian ini menggunkan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan memillih lokasi dikelurahan bone – bone, Kabupaten Luwu Utara. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah pengamatan berperan serta wawancara struktur dan dokumentasi. Informasi sebagai sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja yang berada dikelurahan bone – bone, Kabupaten Luwu Utara.
KONTROL SOSIAL MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PERILAKU MENYIMPANG REMAJA (KASUS PACARAN DI TAMAN SYARIAH KOTA PAREPARE)
Authors: Syam Syahrul , Zakaria Zakaria , Haris Andi , Muhammad Rahmat
Published: September 2021

This research explains about community social control toward deviant behavior of adolescents in Parepare City, especially community social control toward adolescents who are dating in the sharia park. Qualitative research methods were used to explore and understand the meaning of the problem studies, on the basis of case study research. There were seven informants in this research, consisting of community leaders, people who lived around the park, and visitors of the sharia park. The results of the research revealed that adolescent dating behavior was still considered in the category of relative deviation. Thus, the community that controls adolescents starting from the form, nature, and control processes are very weak. This was because the community would only control optimally when the courtship of adolescents in the sharia park had entered the stage of intimacy or sexual self-disclosure. The lack of community social control was caused by lack of socialization, government oversight and a variety of existing values and norms. Keywords: social control, deviant behavior, dating of adolescent.
Effects of kefir consumption on carbohydrate profile of mother’s milk
Authors: Kurt Tuğçe Tok , Gökırmaklı Çağlar , Guzel-Seydim Zeynep B
Published: September 2021

Background: Human milk contains the nutrients necessary for the growth and development of babies as it contains essential bioactive components to support the immune system. Galactooligosaccharides which are important indigestible prebiotics, help multiply the growth of beneficial microorganisms selectively and inhibit the growth of the pathogenic organism. The nutrition of the mother is essential since it affects the composition of mother’s milk. Kefir affects the digestive system, lactose intolerance immune system, anti-microbial effects, probiotic and prebiotic features. However, there is no report on how kefir consumption may have effects on composition of mother’s milk. In this aspect, this study aimed to determine the effects of kefir consumption on the carbohydrate profiles of the mother’s milk. Methods: This study started immediately after birth, mothers were fed with 500 ml/day of kefir made from kefir grains for 30 days in the KF group. Mothers who are in the control group (KI) continued their regular diet. Mother’s milk was collected on the 10th, 20th, and 30th day and stored at 4ºC. Carbohydrate profile including GOS was determined using the liquid chromatographic method with the HI-PLEX column.Results: The mean lactose concentrations of mother’s milk who consumed kefir were 4,68; 4,72; 5,89 g/100ml on days 10th, 20th, and 30th, respectively. Glucose concentrations were 0,29; 0,08; 0,21 g/100ml on 10th, 20th, 30th days, respectively. For the mother’s milk samples in the control group, the averages of lactose concentration were 5,42; 5,73; 5,51 g/100ml on days 10th, 20th, and 30th. GOS peaks were specified depending on the rich content of prebiotics. Conclusion: Consumption of authentic kefir may have effect on carbohydrate profile, including GOS of mother’s milk. Keywords: Human milk, kefir, prebiotic, galactooligosaccharides
Connecting the world through local Indigenous Knowledge
Authors: Sraku-Lartey Margaret
Published: September 2021

This paper focuses upon the importance and value of local Indigenous Knowledge and how it is being threatened in today’s modern world rather than being leveraged to catalyze development. The author specifically calls out three types of Indigenous Knowledge: (1) medicinal knowledge related to human health, i.e., herbal medicine; (2) sacred groves – geographic areas set aside to preserve plants and animals and that can help to mitigate the impact of climate change; and (3) living libraries – communities of people who are also holders of cultural wisdom and history and who are custodians of all knowledge relating to the history of their own community. The author makes a call to action, requesting that scientists, librarians, publishers, and others in the information community collaborate and move forward together to save and build upon global Indigenous Knowledge.
Taurine and Camel Milk Modulate Neurobehavioral and Biochemical Changes in Aluminum Chloride-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease in Rats
Authors: Abdulkadir Teslim S. , Dawud Fatima A. , Isa Ahmed Sherif , Ayo Joseph O.
Published: September 2021

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with deficiency in motor coordination, cognitive impairment, and excessive reactive oxygen species production in the brain. Objective: The study evaluated effects of taurine and camel milk (CM) on neurobehavior, amyloid-beta peptide 1–42 (Aβ) expression, acetylcholinesterase, and superoxide dismutase activities in aluminum chloride (AlCl3) model of Alzheimer’s disease in rats. Methods: Thirty-five female Wistar rats were divided into seven groups (n = 5): Normal saline (0.2 mL/kg body weight); AlCl3 (100 mg/kg) (AD); CM (33 mL/kg); Taurine (50 mg/kg); AlCl3 (100 mg/kg) + CM (33 mL/kg); AlCl3 (100 mg/kg) + Taurine (50 mg/kg); and AlCl3 (100 mg/kg) + CM (33 mL/kg) + Taurine (50 mg/kg). The administration lasted for eight weeks via oral gavage. After the eighth week, neurobehavior assessments were performed. Rats were sacrificed, and brain and blood samples collected for analysis. Results: There was a significant (p < 0.0001) increase in the duration of motor endurance in AD + CM rats, compared to AD rats. Duration of forced swimming time was lowest (p < 0.0001) in AlCl3 + Taurine rats, compared to that of AD rats. Concentration of Aβ peptide decreased (p < 0.05) in AD rats, treated with CM and/or combination. In taurine-treated rats, superoxide dismutase activity was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than in AD rats. Treatment with taurine + CM increased (p < 0.05) acetylcholinesterase activity compared to controls. Conclusion: Taurine and CM enhanced cognition and sensorimotor activity by decreasing Aβ peptide concentration and increasing superoxide dismutase and acetylcholinesterase activities in AD rats.
Stereological Changes in Microvascular Parameters in Hippocampus of a Transgenic Rat Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Kolinko Yaroslav , Marsalova Lucie , Proskauer Pena Stephanie , Kralickova Milena , Mouton Peter R.
Published: September 2021

Background: Microcirculatory factors play an important role in amyloid-β (Aβ)-related neuropathology in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Transgenic (Tg) rat models of mutant Aβ deposition can enhance our understanding of this microvascular pathology. Objective: Here we report stereology-based quantification and comparisons (between- and within-group) of microvessel length and number and associated parameters in hippocampal subregions in Tg model of AD in Fischer 344 rats and non-Tg littermates. Methods: Systematic-random samples of tissue sections were processed and laminin immunostained to visualize microvessels through the entire hippocampus in Tg and non-Tg rats. A computer-assisted stereology system was used to quantify microvessel parameters including total number, total length, and associated densities in dentate gyrus (DG) and cornu ammonis (CA) subregions. Results: Thin hair-like capillaries are common near Aβ plaques in hippocampal subregions of Tg rats. There are a 53% significant increase in average length per capillary across entire hippocampus (p≤0.04) in Tg compared to non-Tg rats; 49% reduction in capillary length in DG (p≤0.02); and, higher microvessel density in principal cell layers (p≤0.03). Furthermore, within-group comparisons confirm Tg but not non-Tg rats have significant increase in number density (p≤0.01) and potential diffusion distance (p≤0.04) of microvessels in principal cell layers of hippocampal subregions. Conclusion: We show the Tg deposition of human Aβ mutations in rats disrupts the wild-type microanatomy of hippocampal microvessels. Stereology-based microvascular parameters could promote the development of novel strategies for protection and the therapeutic management of AD.
Multi-material topology optimization of permanent magnet synchronous motors
Authors: Park Sohyun , Lee Jaejoon , Lee Jaewook
Published: September 2021

This paper presents a multi-material topology optimization for the design of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). Specifically, structural shapes of permanent magnet (PM) and iron core in a PMSM rotor are simultaneously designed together with the orientation of PM magnetization. For a co-design of PM and iron core, relative permeability and residual magnetic flux density are interpolated by the three-field density approach based on the Helmholtz filtering and regularized Heaviside step function. Here, the Helmholtz filtering aims to attain smooth border in design results, and the Heaviside function enables us to acquire a clear border (i.e. zero-one design) without intermediate densities. The optimization goal is set as maximizing the average torque of PMSMs. The average torque is calculated by Maxwell stress tensor (MST) method considering a maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed multi-material topology optimization approach, a PMSM rotor with 4 poles and 12 slots is designed. In addition, design results at various settings of input current amplitude and PM strength are compared and discussed. When the input current is stronger than the PM strength, rotor PM and iron core are designed for utilizing both PM and reluctance torque components like V-shape interior PMSMs. On the other hand, in the case of stronger PM strength, PM is designed near the air-gap, which utilizes only PM torque component like surface PMSMs.
Optimal design of magnetorheological damper with multiple axial fluid flow channels using BP neural network and particle swarm optimization methodologies
Authors: Hu Guoliang , Qi Haonan , Chen Miao , Yu Lifan , Li Gang , Zheng Han
Published: September 2021

In this paper, a magnetorheological (MR) damper with multiple axial fluid flow channels is developed to solve the conflicts between limitation of size dimension and improvement of damping performance. By setting symmetrical excitation coils at both ends of the MR damper, the effective fluid flow channels of the proposed MR damper are significantly lengthened. In order to investigate the distributions of magnetic flux lines and magnetic flux density of the MR damper, the finite element model of the MR damper is established by using ANSYS software. Moreover, an optimization method combining BP neural network and particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed to improve the magnetic field utilization of the designed damper, and the damping performances of initial and optimal MR dampers are also experimentally tested. The test results show that the output damping force of initial and optimal MR dampers is 3.13 kN and 5.98 kN respectively under the applied current of 1.8 A, increasing by 91.1%, and the dynamic adjustable range is 11.5 and 16.1 respectively, increasing by 40.0%. It is found that the damping performance of the proposed MR damper is significantly improved.
New types of fuzzy (m, n)-ideals in ordered semigroups
Authors: Muhiuddin G. , Mahboob A. , Khan N. M. , Al-Kadi D.
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we introduce new types of fuzzy (m, n)-ideals in ordered semigroups. In fact, the notion of (∈ , ∈ ∨ (κ*, qκ))-fuzzy (m, n)-ideals of the ordered semigroups is introduced. Further, we present the characterzations of this notion in different ways. Then the (κ*, κ)-lower part of the (∈ , ∈ ∨ (κ*, qκ))-fuzzy (m, n)-ideals is defined and its associated properties are investigated. After that, (m, n)-regular ordered semigroups are characterized in terms of its (∈ , ∈ ∨ (κ*, qκ))-fuzzy (m, n)-ideals and their (κ*, κ)-lower parts.
Efficacy of the structured balance awareness program on perceived balance confidence and fear-related maladaptive behaviour in post-stroke survivors
Authors: Shaik Abdul Rahim , Ahmad Fuzail , Miraj Mohammad , Alqahtani Mazen , Alzhrani Msaad , Alanazi Ahmad , Kashoo Faizan
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: The risk of falling for individuals with stroke is about twice that of healthy older adults. Lack of appropriate initiative to address the fear-related maladaptive behaviour can manifest itself in the form of loss of physical functions resulting in disability and handicap. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of the structured balance awareness program (SBAP) in improving the perceived balance confidence, and thereby modifying the fear-related maladaptive behaviour in post-stroke survivors. METHODS: A randomized experimental control design was used on a sample of 97 post-stroke survivors aged between 55 to 75 years. The patients received either the SBAP or health awareness program (HAP) for eight weeks and were compared on Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale, Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Falls Efficacy Scale International (FESI). RESULTS: A paired t-test demonstrated statistically significant improvement among all the variables in the SBAP group. An independent t-test exhibited a statistically significant improvement on ABC (t = 2.57, p = 0.012*), BBS (t = 3.32, p = 0.001*) and FESI (t = 3.38, p = 0.001*) in the SBAP group. CONCLUSION: The study showed that the SBAP was effective in minimizing the fear-related maladaptive behaviour in post-stroke survivors.
Research on seismic stability of reinforced concrete frame structure based on numerical simulation
Authors: Liu Jinchao
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: The analysis of seismic stability of structure is important in the field of engineering. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to verify the reliability of numerical simulation in seismic stability of reinforced concrete (RC) frame structure. METHODS: Based on the numerical simulation, the material constitutive model of RC frame structure was introduced and then a finite element model was established through ABAQUS to analyze its seismic stability. RESULTS: The simulation results of ABAQUS were similar to the test values, the tangent slope of the skeleton curve of the structure decreased gradually, the interstorey displacement of storey 1 was the largest, the maximum error of the interstorey displacement angle was 0.005, and the ductility coefficient was 4. CONCLUSIONS: The experimental results verify the reliability of the numerical simulation method and provide some theoretical support for its better application in the study of seismic stability.
Medicação potencialmente inapropriada em idosos acompanhados em cuidados domiciliários nos últimos 12 meses de vida
Authors:   Médico de Família, Areias Marlene , Reis-Pina Paulo ,   Médico de Família
Published: September 2021

Introdução: A medicação potencialmente inapropriada (MPI) é cada vez mais alvo de estudo e atenção, pelas consequências negativas que pode ter num doente vulnerável. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência da MPI e das interações medicamentosas em idosos acompanhados por equipas domiciliárias nos últimos doze meses de vida. Material e Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo, retrospetivo e observacional. Identificação da MPI, usando os critérios STOPPFrail, nos idosos com ≥ 65 anos acompanhados pelas equipas comunitárias de suporte em cuidados paliativos nos Açores, que faleceram entre janeiro de 2016 e dezembro de 2018. Resultados: Foram incluídos 137 doentes, sendo 72 homens (52,55%), com uma mediana de 78 anos (amplitude interquartil 73-84). A prevalência de MPI foi de 90,51% (n=124), existindo sobretudo prescrição de medicação sem evidência clínica clara (51,09%, n=70) e de inibidores da bomba de protões (45,99%, n=63). Foram contabilizadas 1.107 interações medicamentosas em 120 doentes (87,59%). A MPI esteve envolvida nas interações de 98 doentes (71,53%) e em 473 das interações medicamentosas clinicamente significativas (46,78%). Conclusão: A prevalência de MPI é elevada em idosos nos últimos doze meses de vida. O uso dos critérios STOPPFrail pode ajudar a identificar a MPI e a delinear um plano para a sua redução, de preferência num contexto de trabalho interdisciplinar.
ТИТУЛ
Authors: журналу Редакція
Published: September 2021

Титул і вихідні дані
ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ РОБОТИ АВТОМАТИЗОВАНОЇ СИСТЕМИ УПРАВЛІННЯ МІНУВАННЯ
Authors: Голушко Сергій , Позігун Сергій , Маліновський Назар , Прищепа Олександр
Published: September 2021

Особливістю сучасних бойових дій, завдяки високій мобільності військ, є стрімкі висування із глибини, можливість створювання в короткий час переваги на необхідних напрямках, підтримання постійної напруги під час ведення різних бойових дій та зберігання ініціативи, здійснення необхідних та своєчасних маневрів силами та засобами, проведення глибоких ударів і рейдових дій, організація осередків бойових дій у глибині бойових порядків противника, швидкій перехід до надійної оборони із забезпеченням її високої стійкості та активності. Для обмеження здійснення маневру військ противника, порушення запланованої діяльності його об’єктів, нанесення йому втрат мінно-вибуховими загородженнями й створення сприятливих для його ефективного ураження іншими вогневими засобами застосовується дистанційне мінування. Дистанційне мінування, здійснюючи моральний та психологічний вплив на противника, сприяє сковуванню його дій, нанесенню втрат у живій силі та військовій техніці, а при кількаразовому застосуванні по одному й тому же об’єкту чи підрозділах противника може призвести до його виснаження і відмови від задуму дій. Висока ефективність дистанційного мінування досягається всебічною розвідкою противника і місцевості, вибором найбільш доцільного типу мін, часу і місця встановлення мінних полів, управлінням режимами мінуванням, швидким доведенням завдань до виконавців та організацією тісної взаємодії з підрозділами, в інтересах яких застосовується дистанційне мінування. Дистанційне встановлення мінних полів здійснюється з використанням різноманітних прийомів та способів мінування, які залежать від тактики дій частин та підрозділів авіації ракетних військ і артилерії та підрозділів інженерних військ при виконанні ними бойових завдань. У статті описано роботу системи управління мінування, яка буде використовуватися на мінних загороджувачах вітчизняних зразків, та спосіб покращення управління мінування. Результатами цієї роботи буде використання комп’ютерних систем в управлінні та контролі дистанційного мінування.