bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Citation Metrics for Legal Information Retrieval: Scholars and Practitioners Intertwined?
Authors: Wiggers Gineke , Verberne Suzan , Zwenne Gerrit-Jan
Published: August 2022

This paper is written by Gineke Wiggers, Suzan Verberne and Gerrit-Jan Zwenne and examines citations in legal documents in the context of bibliometric-enhanced legal information retrieval. It is suggested that users of legal information retrieval systems wish to see both scholarly and non-scholarly information, and legal information retrieval systems are developed to be used by both scholarly and non-scholarly users. Since the use of citations in building arguments plays an important role in the legal domain, bibliometric information (such as citations) is an instrument to enhance legal information retrieval systems. This paper examines, through literature and data analysis, whether a bibliometric-enhanced ranking for legal information retrieval should consider both scholarly and nonscholarly publications, and whether this ranking could serve both user groups, or whether a distinction needs to be made. Their literature analysis suggests that for legal documents, there is no strict separation between scholarly and non-scholarly documents. There is no clear mark by which the two groups can be separated, and in as far as a distinction can be made, literature shows that both scholars and practitioners (non-scholars) use both types. They perform a data analysis to analyze this finding for legal information retrieval in practice, using citation and usage data from a legal search engine in the Netherlands. They first create a method to classify legal documents as either scholarly or non-scholarly based on criteria found in the literature. We then semi- automatically analyze a set of seed documents and register by what (type of) documents they are cited. This resulted in a set of 52 cited (seed) documents and 3086 citing documents. Based on the affiliation of users of the search engine, we analyzed the relation between user group and document type. The authors’ data analysis confirms the literature analysis and shows much crosscitations between scholarly and non-scholarly documents. In addition, we find that scholarly users often open non-scholarly documents and vice versa. Our results suggest that for use in legal information retrieval systems citations in legal documents measure part of a broad scope of impact, or relevance, on the entire legal field. This means that for bibliometric-enhanced ranking in legal information retrieval, both scholarly and non-scholarly documents should be considered. The disregard by both scholarly and non-scholarly users of the distinction between scholarly and non-scholarly publications also suggests that the affiliation of the user is not likely a suitable factor to differentiate rankings on. The data in combination with literature suggests that a differentiation on user intent might be more suitable.
Anti-hyperglycemic effects of propolis or metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ochoa-Morales Paola D. , González-Ortiz Manuel , Martínez-Abundis Esperanza , Pérez-Rubio Karina G. , Patiño-Laguna Anayeli D. J.
Published: August 2022

Abstract: Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of propolis or metformin versus placebo on glycemic control in pharmacological treatment-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled in parallel groups clinical trial was performed in 36 pharmacological treatment-naïve patients with T2DM. They received propolis (300 mg), metformin (850 mg), or placebo twice daily before breakfast and dinner for 12 weeks. At the beginning and end of the study, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postload glucose (2-h PG) during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, glycated hemoglobin A1c (A1C) and a metabolic profile were measured. Areas under the curve (AUC) of glucose and insulin, total insulin secretion (insulinogenic index), the first phase of insulin secretion (Stumvoll index), and insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index) were calculated. Statistical analyses: Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests. Results: The propolis and metformin groups exhibited significant reductions in FPG (p=0.009 and p=0.001, respectively), 2-h PG (p=0.034 and p=0.001, respectively) levels, AUC of insulin, Stumvoll index, and an increment in the Matsuda index. The comparison of the changes from baseline to the end showed significant differences between placebo and propolis in FPG (p=0.004) and A1C (p=0.049) levels, while between placebo and metformin were in FPG (p=0.002), 2-h PG (p=0.004) and A1C (p=0.007) levels. Conclusions: The administration of propolis and metformin compared to placebo reduced FPG and A1C levels; in addition, metformin decreased 2-h PG, AUC of glucose and insulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased the insulin sensitivity.
Arctic Climate Feedbacks in ERA5 Reanalysis: Seasonal and Spatial Variations and the Impact of Sea‐Ice Loss
Authors: Jenkins Matthew T. , Dai Aiguo
Published: August 2022

Radiative climate feedbacks in the Arctic have been extensively studied, but their spatial and seasonal variations have not been thoroughly examined. Using ERA5 reanalysis data, we examine seasonal variations in Arctic climate feedbacks and their relationship to sea‐ice loss based on changes from 1950–1979 to 1990–2019. The spring and summer seasons experienced large sea‐ice loss, strong surface albedo feedback, and large oceanic heat uptake. Arctic clouds exerted small net cooling in May‐June‐July but moderate warming during the cold season, especially over areas with large sea‐ice loss where cloud liquid and ice water content increased. Arctic water vapor feedback peaked in summer but was weak and uncorrelated with sea‐ice loss. Arctic positive lapse rate feedback (LRF) was strongest in winter over areas with large sea‐ice loss and weak inversion but uncorrelated with atmospheric stability, suggesting that oceanic heating from sea‐ice loss led to enhanced surface warming and the positive LRF.
ER stress and UPR in Alzheimer’s disease: mechanisms, pathogenesis, treatments
Authors: Ajoolabady Amir , Lindholm Dan , Ren Jun , Pratico Domenico
Published: August 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by gradual loss of memory and cognitive function, which constitutes a heavy burden on the healthcare system globally. Current therapeutics to interfere with the underlying disease process in AD is still under development. Although many efforts have centered on the toxic forms of Aβ to effectively tackle AD, considering the unsatisfactory results so far it is vital to examine other targets and therapeutic approaches as well. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress refers to the build-up of unfolded or misfolded proteins within the ER, thus, perturbing the ER and cellular homeostasis. Emerging evidence indicates that ER stress contributes to the onset and development of AD. A thorough elucidation of ER stress machinery in AD pathology may help to open up new therapeutic avenues in the management of this devastating condition to relieve the cognitive dementia symptoms. Herein, we aim at deciphering the unique role of ER stress in AD pathogenesis, reviewing key findings, and existing controversy in an attempt to summarize plausible therapeutic interventions in the management of AD pathophysiology.
Diagnostic accuracy of symptoms for an underlying disease: a simulation study
Authors: Chao Yi-Sheng , Wu Chao-Jung , Lai Yi-Chun , Hsu Hui-Ting , Cheng Yen-Po , Wu Hsing-Chien , Huang Shih-Yu , Chen Wei-Chih
Published: August 2022

Symptoms have been used to diagnose conditions such as frailty and mental illnesses. However, the diagnostic accuracy of the numbers of symptoms has not been well studied. This study aims to use equations and simulations to demonstrate how the factors that determine symptom incidence influence symptoms’ diagnostic accuracy for disease diagnosis. Assuming a disease causing symptoms and correlated with the other disease in 10,000 simulated subjects, 40 symptoms occurred based on 3 epidemiological measures: proportions diseased, baseline symptom incidence (among those not diseased), and risk ratios. Symptoms occurred with similar correlation coefficients. The sensitivities and specificities of single symptoms for disease diagnosis were exhibited as equations using the three epidemiological measures and approximated using linear regression in simulated populations. The areas under curves (AUCs) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was the measure to determine the diagnostic accuracy of multiple symptoms, derived by using 2 to 40 symptoms for disease diagnosis. With respect to each AUC, the best set of sensitivity and specificity, whose difference with 1 in the absolute value was maximal, was chosen. The results showed sensitivities and specificities of single symptoms for disease diagnosis were fully explained with the three epidemiological measures in simulated subjects. The AUCs increased or decreased with more symptoms used for disease diagnosis, when the risk ratios were greater or less than 1, respectively. Based on the AUCs, with risk ratios were similar to 1, symptoms did not provide diagnostic values. When risk ratios were greater or less than 1, maximal or minimal AUCs usually could be reached with less than 30 symptoms. The maximal AUCs and their best sets of sensitivities and specificities could be well approximated with the three epidemiological and interaction terms, adjusted R-squared ≥ 0.69. However, the observed overall symptom correlations, overall symptom incidence, and numbers of symptoms explained a small fraction of the AUC variances, adjusted R-squared ≤ 0.03. In conclusion, the sensitivities and specificities of single symptoms for disease diagnosis can be explained fully by the at-risk incidence and the 1 minus baseline incidence, respectively. The epidemiological measures and baseline symptom correlations can explain large fractions of the variances of the maximal AUCs and the best sets of sensitivities and specificities. These findings are important for researchers who want to assess the diagnostic accuracy of composite diagnostic criteria.
MeasureIce: accessible on-the-fly measurement of ice thickness in cryo-electron microscopy
Authors: Brown Hamish G. , Hanssen Eric
Published: August 2022

Ice thickness is arguably one of the most important factors limiting the resolution of protein structures determined by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The amorphous atomic structure of the ice that stabilizes and protects biological samples in cryo-EM grids also imprints some additional noise in cryo-EM images. Ice that is too thick jeopardizes the success of particle picking and reconstruction of the biomolecule in the worst case and, at best, deteriorates eventual map resolution. Minimizing the thickness of the ice layer and thus the magnitude of its noise contribution is thus imperative in cryo-EM grid preparation. In this paper we introduce MeasureIce, a simple, easy to use ice thickness measurement tool for screening and selecting acquisition areas of cryo-EM grids. We show that it is possible to simulate thickness-image intensity look-up tables, also usable in SerialEM and Leginon, using elementary scattering physics and thereby adapt the tool to any microscope without time consuming experimental calibration. We benchmark our approach using two alternative techniques: the “ice channel” technique and tilt-series tomography. We also demonstrate the utility of ice thickness measurement for selecting holes in gold grids containing an Equine apoferritin sample, achieving a 1.88 Ångstrom resolution in subsequent refinement of the atomic map.
Bioengineered textiles with peptide binders that capture SARS-CoV-2 viral particles
Authors: Navone Laura , Moffitt Kaylee , Johnston Wayne A. , Mercer Tim , Cooper Crystal , Spann Kirsten , Speight Robert E.
Published: August 2022

The use of personal protective equipment (PPE), face masks and ventilation are key strategies to control the transmission of respiratory viruses. However, most PPE provides physical protection that only partially prevents the transmission of viral particles. Here, we develop textiles with integrated peptide binders that capture viral particles. We fuse peptides capable of binding the receptor domain of the spike protein on the SARS-CoV-2 capsid to the cellulose-binding domain from the Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase II protein. The hybrid peptides can be attached to the cellulose fibres in cotton and capture SARS-CoV-2 viral particles with high affinity. The resulting bioengineered cotton captures 114,000 infective virus particles per cm2 and reduces onwards SARS-CoV-2 infection of cells by 500-fold. The hybrid peptides could be easily modified to capture and control the spread of other infectious pathogens or for attachment to different materials. We anticipate the use of bioengineered protective textiles in PPE, facemasks, ventilation, and furnishings will provide additional protection to the airborne or fomite transmission of viruses.
Surface Properties and Biological Effects of Fluoroether Surfactants
Authors: Qian Libo , Huang Meiwei , Guo Yong , Chen Qing-Yun
Published: August 2022

Facing the bioaccumulative issue related to long-chain perfluoroalkyl substances, this chapter summarizes current research on promising alternative candidates based on fluoroethers. Recent studies include the synthesis of anionic, cationic and amphoteric fluorinated surfactants and their properties. Environmental and biological effects have been recorded for some of these fluoroether surfactants. Although the data are still limited, it is hoped that this chapter could inspire future design strategies.
Machine learning and signal processing assisted differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) data analysis for chemical identification
Authors: Chakraborty Pranay , Rajapakse Maneeshin Y. , McCartney Mitchell M. , Kenyon Nicholas J. , Davis Cristina E.
Published: August 2022

The convolutional neural algorithm outperforms previously reported algorithms, and MSC approach needs minimal data for chemical identification.
Controlling phase in low-nuclearity calixarene-capped porous coordination cages with ligand functionalization
Authors: Dworzak Michael R. , Rowland Casey A. , Yap Glenn P. A. , Bloch Eric D.
Published: August 2022

Porosity in low-nuclearity coordination cages is relatively rare as cages with larger pore sizes are usually targeted as a way to increase gas adsorption capabilities in this promising class of molecular adsorbents.
In silico activation of dinitrogen with a light atom molecule
Authors: Mebs Stefan , Beckmann Jens
Published: August 2022

The NN triple bond can be cleaved with the tripodal light atom molecule: [(6-Ph2P-ace-5-)P(-5-ace-6-SiPh2)2]2+. The N–N bond distance is increased from 1.1 Å in N2 gas to 1.4 Å in the N2-adduct, and subsequently cleaved with H− and H+.
Synthesis and characterization of a near-infrared persistent luminescent Cr-doped zinc gallate–calcium phosphate composite
Authors: Shiu Wai-Tung , Chang Lo-Yueh , Jiang Yingying , Shakouri Mohsen , Wu Yu-Hao , Lin Bi-Hsuan , Liu Lijia
Published: August 2022

A new near-infrared-emitting persistent luminescent nanocomposite is synthesized and is luminescence mechanism is discussed.
Boosting charge separation in conjugated microporous polymers via fluorination for enhancing photocatalysis
Authors: Sun Penghao , Wang Peigen , Yan Dong , Liu Qian , Zhang Weijie , Deng Jiyong , Liu Qingquan
Published: August 2022

Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have emerged as prospective heterogeneous photocatalysts for photocatalytic aerobic oxidation due to their ease of functionalization, high surface area and porosity, and tunable band gap.
Potent and selective anticancer activity of half-sandwich ruthenium and osmium complexes with modified curcuminoid ligands
Authors: Pagliaricci Noemi , Pettinari Riccardo , Marchetti Fabio , Pettinari Claudio , Cappellacci Loredana , Tombesi Alessia , Cuccioloni Massimiliano , Hadiji Mouna , Dyson Paul J.
Published: August 2022

Synthesis of Ru (ii) and Os(ii) Arene complexes with curcumin-based ligands. Antitumor activity in vitro against A2780 and A2780cis human ovarian carcinoma cell lines. Structure-activity relationships organometallic anticancer complexes.
Hemicellulose content affects the properties of cellulose nanofibrils produced from softwood pulp fibres by LPMO
Authors: Koskela Salla , Zha Li , Wang Shennan , Yan Max , Zhou Qi
Published: August 2022

After lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) treatment, colloidally stable and thin cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) of a uniform width are produced from kraft pulp fibres, which has a higher hemicellulose content than dissolving pulp fibres.
A 9-gene biomarker panel identifies bacterial coinfections in culture-negative COVID-19 cases
Authors: Banerjee Ushashi , Rao Pragati , Reddy Megha , Hussain Meeran , Chunchanur Sneha , Ambica R. , Singh Amit , Chandra Nagasuma
Published: August 2022

Confirmatory diagnosis of bacterial coinfections with COVID-19 is challenging due to limited specificity of the gold-standard culture sensitivity test. This study presents a host gene signature to diagnose bacterial coinfection with high confidence.
Reliable preparation and regeneration of well-defined single-atom tips through laser annealing
Authors: Yen Tzu-Chieh , Huang Wun-Cin , Lin Chun-Yueh , Chen Ming-Chang , Lin Kung-Hsuan , Hwang Ing-Shouh
Published: August 2022

Single-atom tips (SATs) have crucial scientific and technological applications, such as in scanning probe microscopy and charged particle beam technology.
Hierarchically porous and mechanically stable monoliths from ordered mesoporous silica and their water filtration potential
Authors: Henning Laura M. , Müller Julian T. , Smales Glen J. , Pauw Brian R. , Schmidt Johannes , Bekheet Maged F. , Gurlo Aleksander , Simon Ulla
Published: August 2022

The sintering behavior of OMS COK-12 into mechanically stable, porous monoliths was analyzed, including a customized multi-scale SAXS model.
Visible-light-promoted sulfenylation of 6-aminouracils under catalyst-free conditions
Authors: Saikia B. Shriya , Borpatra Paran J. , Rahman Iftakur , Deb Mohit L. , Baruah Pranjal K.
Published: August 2022

Visible-light-promoted reactions have proven to be a decent strategy for the synthesis of complex molecules.
One-step fabrication of electrospun flexible and hierarchically porous Pt/γ-Al2O3 nanofiber membranes for HCHO and particulate removal
Authors: Xin Sitian , Zhu Silong , Zheng Jianfei , Nie Longhui
Published: August 2022

A flexible Pt/γ-Al2O3 nanofiber membrane with optimal 2 wt% Pt content can effectively decompose HCHO into CO2 at room temperature.
α-NiS–β-NiS growth on Cd0.5Zn0.5S formed Schottky heterojunctions for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Shen Luping , Qi Shuaikang , Jin Yuexiang , Li Chunhe , Cheng Jiajun , Wang Hongmei , Ma Hongxia , Li Lei
Published: August 2022

The NiS/Cd0.5Zn0.5S nanocomposite showed excellent stability over five cycles and its hydrogen production performance was influenced by the NiS crystal phase.
Unusual nanoscale piezoelectricity-driven high current generation from a self S-defect-neutralised few-layered MoS2 nanosheet-based flexible nanogenerator
Authors: Sharma Charu , Srivastava Avanish Kumar , Gupta Manoj Kumar
Published: August 2022

We report the fabrication of a high-performance flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator based on S-defect-neutralised few-layered molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) nanosheets.
Redox-triggerable firefly luciferin-bioinspired hydrogels as injectable and cell-encapsulating matrices
Authors: Jin Minye , Gläser Alisa , Paez Julieta I.
Published: August 2022

A novel redox-triggered bioinspired hydrogel platform that offers high control over gelation onset and kinetics is presented. This platform is suitable for the development of injectable matrices.
Polyurethane elastomers with amphiphilic ABA tri-block co-polymers as the soft segments showing record-high tensile strength and simultaneously increased ductility
Authors: Ma Jun , Deng Baixue , Fan Yanbin , Huang Xiayun , Chen Daoyong , Ma Yan , Chen Hongyu , Grzesiak Adam L. , Feng Shaoguang
Published: August 2022

Polyurethane elastomers with amphiphilic ABA tri-block co-polymers as the soft segments robustly show record-high tensile strength and simultaneously increased ductility via producing small and uniform hard domains.
The application of food/agro-waste and spent household products for the environmentally benign separation of thorium
Authors: Salunkhe G. , Chauhan Rohit Singh , Sengupta Arijit
Published: August 2022

The cost-effective and environmentally benign separation of thorium from an aqueous acidic medium using spent food/agro-byproducts was studied. The processes followed the Langmuir isotherm model kinetics; were entropic and endothermic nature.
Keep the Ball Rolling: Sustained Multiturn Conversational Episodes Are Associated With Child Language Ability
Authors: Beiting Molly , Alper Rebecca M. , Luo Rufan , Hirsh-Pasek Kathy
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between interaction quality and child language ability. We focused on one promising interaction quality indicator—the rate of multiturn conversational episodes. We also explored whether the relationship between rate of single conversational turns and language ability changed when the child's nonverbal behaviors were considered in addition to verbal conversational turns. To limit the potential of socioeconomic status as a confounder, participants included only families living in underresourced households.

Method:

Secondary analyses were conducted using baseline data (
N
= 41 dyads enrolled,
N
= 27 analyzed) from a longitudinal study. All families were living in low-income households (i.e., below 200% of the Federal Poverty Level) and 12 were English–Spanish bilingual (15 English-only). Mothers and their children (13 to 27 months) participated in video-recorded play and reading interactions at home. Trained observers transcribed and coded the child's and caregiver's verbal and nonverbal behaviors. Linear regression models examined the relationship between the number of conversational turns and child language ability.

Results:

Child language ability was significantly and positively associated with the number of verbal–nonverbal single turns and multiturn conversational episodes, but not single verbal-only turns.

Conclusions:

For children still acquiring language, it is important to account for nonverbal contributions to conversation. Child language ability was significantly and positively associated only with the conversational turn variables that included the child's nonverbal behaviors. Further investigation is needed to understand whether number of turns within conversational episodes is a better indicator of interaction quality than sheer number of conversational turns. Implications for caregiver-implemented interventions are discussed.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20452575
Stellar evolution models with overshooting based on 3-equation non-local theories
Authors: Ahlborn F. , Kupka F. , Weiss A. , Flaskamp M.
Published: August 2022

Context. Convective overshoot mixing is a critical ingredient of stellar structure models but is treated in most cases by ad hoc extensions of the mixing-length theory for convection. Advanced theories that are both more physical and numerically treatable are needed.

Aims. Convective flows in stellar interiors are highly turbulent. This poses a number of numerical challenges for the modelling of convection in stellar interiors. We included an effective turbulence model in a 1D stellar evolution code in order to treat non-local effects within the same theory.

Methods. We used a turbulent convection model that relies on the solution of second order moment equations. We implemented this into a state-of-the-art 1D stellar evolution code. To overcome a deficit in the original form of the model, we took the dissipation due to buoyancy waves in the overshooting zone into account.

Results. We compute stellar models of intermediate mass main-sequence stars of between 1.5 and 8 M⊙. Overshoot mixing from the convective core and modified temperature gradients within and above it emerge naturally as a solution of the turbulent convection model equations.

Conclusions. For a given set of model parameters, the overshooting extent determined from the turbulent convection model is comparable to other overshooting descriptions, the free parameters of which had been adjusted to match observations. The relative size of the mixed cores decreases with decreasing stellar mass without additional adjustments. We find that the dissipation by buoyancy waves constitutes a necessary and relevant extension of the turbulent convection model in use.
Akupunktur im Fußbereich bei Sportverletzungen oder
Überlastungsschäden
Authors: Wagner Reinhart
Published: August 2022

Der Fuß ist funktionell besonderen Belastungen ausgesetzt, die zu
Verletzungen und Überlastungsschäden führen
können. Die anatomischen Strukturbesonderheiten werden aus Sicht der
Reflex-Therapie, speziell der Akupunktur, beschrieben und Therapiestrategien
erläutert. Das Biao als traditionelle chinesische Beschreibung des
Äußeren des Körpers, dessen Unterteilung in 5 Tome
(Schichten) und deren dreidimensionale Beziehungen im Stütz- und
Bewegungssystem, bilden die evidenzbasierte Grundlage für Prophylaxe und
Therapie der Überlastungsschäden und Verletzungen des
Fußes. Eine verstärkte Afferenz hat eine komplexere Efferenz zur
Folge. Der Stich mit einer Nadel in einen biologisch aktiven Punkt im Sinne von
segmental differenten Strukturen, wie Dermato-Subkutom und Faszio-Myo-Sklerotom
mit dem Neurotom, kann das Indikationsspektrum erklären.
Akupunktur bei Sprunggelenkbeschwerden
Authors: Zhang Zheng
Published: August 2022

Die Sprunggelenke stellen ein komplexes Konstrukt aus Knochen, Gelenken,
Bändern und Muskeln dar. Sie sind essenzieller Bestandteil der
Fußbewegung und dienen der Mobilität und Stabilität beim
Gehen. Dabei tragen sie das gesamte Körpergewicht und sind daher
besonders anfällig für zahlreiche Verletzungen.
Kapsel-Band-Verletzungen am oberen Sprunggelenk (OSG) stellen die
häufigsten akuten Verletzungen dar. Verletzungen des OSG können
in eine Arthrose münden, die zu den häufigsten chronischen
Erkrankungen zählt. Die Akupunktur kann sowohl für akute
Schmerzen als auch bei chronischen Erkrankungen als Behandlung genutzt werden
und dient v. a. der deutlichen und lange anhaltenden
Schmerzreduzierung.
Safety of teaching endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) can be improved with standardization of the technique
Authors: Park Kenneth H. , Rosas Ulysses S. , Liu Quin Y. , Jamil Laith H. , Gupta Kapil , Gaddam Srinivas , Nissen Nicholas , Thompson Christopher C. , Lo Simon K.
Published: August 2022

Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) is a novel technique developed to manage gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). It involves creating a fistula between the stomach and the proximal small bowel using an electric cautery-enhanced lumen-apposing metal stent (ECE-LAMS) with EUS guidance. We aimed to publish our experience in improving teaching of this technique to practicing endoscopists with a wide range of experience by comparing the outcomes before and after standardization of procedural steps.

Methods All EUS-GEs performed for inoperable GOO at a single institution from 2014 to 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The technique was taught by one experienced endoscopist with prior expertise. Five advanced endoscopists with prior EUS and ECE-LAMS placement experience participated. The impact of standardization on outcomes (clinical and technical success, length of stay [LOS], procedure time, and adverse events [AEs]) was compared.

Results A total 41 EUS-GEs were performed (5 before and 36 after standardization) by endoscopists with practice experience ranging from 2 to 13 years. The patient population was similar in age and sex. Standardization was associated with significantly higher rates of technical success (100 % vs 60 %, P = 0.01) and lower peri-procedural AEs (2.8 % vs 40 %, P = 0.03). Two AEs in the pre-standardized group were gastric perforation and gastrocolic fistula creation. One AE in the post-standardized group was gastric perforation. Procedure time, clinical success, and LOS showed improvement, although it was not statistically significant.

Conclusions Teaching EUS-GE after standardizing the procedure was associated with a significant increase in technical success and a decrease in AEs irrespective of prior total experiences.
Fallbericht: Von der Nachforderung zur Analgesie zur Polytrauma-Reanimation in der Häuslichkeit
Authors: Scheltz Claudia , Jakob André , Port Anne , Nigbur Stefan
Published: August 2022

Der vorliegende Fallbericht beschreibt, wie eine anfänglich harmlos anmutende Nachforderung zur Analgesie bei Sturz in der Häuslichkeit in einer erfolglosen Polytrauma-Reanimation mit
erweiterten invasiven Maßnahmen mündet. Was hat das Rettungsteam zu beachten? Wurden alle therapeutischen Mittel ausgenutzt? Liegt gegebenenfalls eine unklare/nicht natürliche Todesart vor?
Es erfolgt eine rechtsmedizinische Obduktion zur Klärung der offenen Fragen.
Perimyokarditis als Komplikation einer medikamentösen Mehrfachtherapie bei Colitis ulcerosa
Authors: Bauer Marcus , Baholli Loant , Uflacker Lutz , Rolffs Sven
Published: August 2022

Anamnese und klinischer Befund Stationäre Vorstellung eines 19-jähigen Patienten mit akutem Schub einer Colitis ulcerosa seit ungefähr 6 Wochen und Beschwerdeprogredienz seit anderthalb Wochen. Es bestand eine Therapie mit topischen und oralen 5-Aminosalicylsäure-(5-ASA)-Präparaten sowie eine orale Prednisolon-Gabe. Unter Intensivierung der Prednisolondosis Gabe eines monoklonalen Antikörpers (Vedolizumab) sowie antibiotische Therapie; stationäre Entlassung gegen ärztlichen Rat. Bei weiterhin erhöhten Infektparametern orale Gabe von Ciprofloxacin. Die 5-ASA-Gabe wurde fortgeführt. In den folgenden 2 Wochen rezidivierende Fieberschübe und erneute stationäre Aufnahme.

Untersuchungen und Diagnose Mikrobiologischer Nachweis von Acinetobacter ursingii in den Blutkulturen. Echokardiografischer Nachweis eines Perikard-Ergusses. Die transösophageale Echokardiografie ergab keinen Hinweis auf eine infektiöse Endokarditis. Serologischer Nachweis erhöhter Herz-Enzymwerte. Eine MRT-Untersuchung des Herzens bestätigte die Diagnose einer Perimyokarditis.

Therapie und Verlauf Intensivmedizinische Betreuung und Resistogramm-gerechte antibiotische Therapie mit Meropenem unter Beendigung der topischen und oralen 5-ASA-Gaben sowie Verzicht auf eine Fortführung der Integrin-Antagonisten-Therapie. Zudem Start einer leitliniengerechten Herzinsuffizienztherapie und Therapieumstellung auf einen Tumor-Nekrose-Faktor-alpha-Blocker. Unter dem akzelerierten Applikationsschema protrahierte Stabilisierung und Besserung des Allgemeinzustandes. Nach 2 Monaten Krankenhausaufenthalt Entlassung des Patienten in die ambulante Versorgung.

Diskussion Nach längerfristiger 5-ASA-Gabe ist das Auftreten einer Perimyokarditis möglich. Auch der Integrin-Antagonist als neue Therapie kommt ursächlich in Frage. Das therapeutische Management bei unklarer Beschwerdeursache richtet sich nach den Beschwerden und der wahrscheinlichsten Krankheitsursache. Bei Nichtansprechen der Therapie frühzeitige Re-Evaluationen durchführen.
An Unusual Presentation of Primary Hepatic Lymphoma
Authors: BS Pavan , Amina Nishat , Anand Rama , Pathania O.P
Published: August 2022

Primary hepatic lymphoma (PHL) is a rare disease that usually manifests as a heterogenous solitary intrahepatic mass, multiple lesions or a diffuse infiltrative form. PHL presenting as a small focal area of hepatic involvement and a large predominant extrahepatic component is uncommon. We report a histopathologically proven case of primary hepatic lymphoma that caused significant diagnostic dilemma on contrast-enhanced computed tomography due to its unusual imaging appearance as a hypo-enhancing intra-abdominal solid mass with relatively small area of hepatic parenchymal involvement and a large exophytic component.
Multiorgan Visceral Hemangiomas Presenting with Sequential Ruptures and Hemorrhage, Cardiac Thrombus, and Thromboembolic Phenomenon
Authors: Kumar Subhash , Gunjan Kamlesh , Priyadarshi Rajeev N. , Mahto Mala
Published: August 2022

Vascular anomalies can be seen in a disseminated or diffuse state to involve multiple superficial and deep sites. Large and diffuse lesions are known to induce a hemorrhagic tendency. The authors present, which they believe is the first case of multiorgan hemangiomas with rupture at multiple sites, along with hitherto unreported cardiac thrombus, with arterial and venous thromboembolic events, ultimately ending with the patient's demise.
Structural Characterization of Chemical Compounds Based on Their Fragmentation Rules in Sophorae Fructus by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS
Authors: He Zi-Hui , Liu Mo , Ren Jun-Xuan , Ouyang Dan-Wei
Published: August 2022

This study aims to identify the chemical components in Sophorae Fructus, and explore the mass spectrometric cleavage rules using the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS method. The main characteristic fragments of the compounds were analyzed by electrospray ionization (ESI) ion source under positive and negative ion modes. The compounds were identified by molecular formula, multistage mass spectrometry, ultraviolet spectrum, and the fragmentation patterns of standards. A total of 142 compounds were identified, including 68 flavonoids, 39 saponins, 21 organic acids, and 14 others, of which 43 components were reported from Sophora for the first time. Moreover, the mass spectrometric fragmentation rules of some identified species components were deduced, which are helpful for the structural analysis of flavonoid and saponins. This method provides a reference for the rapid identification of chemical components and is conducive to further study the pharmacodynamic material basis and action mechanism of Sophorae Fructus.
Pulsed power to control growth of silicon nanoparticles in low temperature flowing plasmas
Authors: Lanham Steven J. , Polito Jordyn , Xiong Zichang , Kortshagen Uwe R. , Kushner Mark J.
Published: August 2022

Low-temperature plasmas have seen increasing use for synthesizing high-quality, mono-disperse nanoparticles (NPs). Recent work has highlighted that an important process in NP growth in plasmas is particle trapping—small, negatively charged nanoparticles become trapped by the positive electrostatic potential in the plasma, even if only momentarily charged. In this article, results are discussed from a computational investigation into how pulsing the power applied to an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) reactor may be used for controlling the size of NPs synthesized in the plasma. The model system is an ICP at 1 Torr to grow silicon NPs from an Ar/SiH4 gas mixture. This system was simulated using a two-dimensional plasma hydrodynamics model coupled to a three-dimensional kinetic NP growth and trajectory tracking model. The effects of pulse frequency and pulse duty cycle are discussed. We identified separate regimes of pulsing where particles become trapped for one pulsed cycle, a few cycles, and many cycles—each having noticeable effects on particle size distributions. For the same average power, pulsing can produce a stronger trapping potential for particles when compared to continuous wave power, potentially increasing particle mono-dispersity. Pulsing may also offer a larger degree of control over particle size for the same average power. Experimental confirmation of predicted trends is discussed.
Collective response in light–matter interactions: The interplay between strong coupling and local dynamics
Authors: Cui Bingyu , Nizan Abraham
Published: August 2022

A model designed to mimic the implications of the collective optical response of molecular ensembles in optical cavities on molecular vibronic dynamics is investigated. Strong molecule–radiation field coupling is often reached when a large number N of molecules respond collectively to the radiation field. In electronic strong coupling, molecular nuclear dynamics following polariton excitation reflects (a) the timescale separation between the fast electronic and photonic dynamics and the slow nuclear motion on one hand and (b) the interplay between the collective nature of the molecule–field coupling and the local nature of the molecules nuclear response on the other. The first implies that the electronic excitation takes place, in the spirit of the Born approximation, at an approximately fixed nuclear configuration. The second can be rephrased as the intriguing question of whether the collective nature of optical excitation leads to collective nuclear motion following polariton formation resulting in so-called polaron decoupled dynamics. We address this issue by studying the dynamical properties of a simplified Holstein–Tavis–Cummings-type model, in which boson modes representing molecular vibrations are replaced by two-level systems, while the boson frequency and the vibronic coupling are represented by the coupling between these levels (that induces Rabi oscillations between them) and electronic state dependence of this coupling. We investigate the short-time behavior of this model following polariton excitation as well as its response to CW driving and its density of states spectrum. We find that, while some aspects of the dynamical behavior appear to adhere to the polaron decoupling picture, the observed dynamics mostly reflect the local nature of the nuclear configuration of the electronic polariton rather than this picture.
Electronic absorption spectra from off-diagonal quantum master equations
Authors: Lai Yifan , Geva Eitan
Published: August 2022

Quantum master equations (QMEs) provide a general framework for describing electronic dynamics within a complex molecular system. Off-diagonal QMEs (OD-QMEs) correspond to a family of QMEs that describe the electronic dynamics in the interaction picture based on treating the off-diagonal coupling terms between electronic states as a small perturbation within the framework of second-order perturbation theory. The fact that OD-QMEs are given in terms of the interaction picture makes it non-trivial to obtain Schrödinger picture electronic coherences from them. A key experimental quantity that relies on the ability to obtain accurate Schrödinger picture electronic coherences is the absorption spectrum. In this paper, we propose using a recently introduced procedure for extracting Schrödinger picture electronic coherences from interaction picture inputs to calculate electronic absorption spectra from the electronic dynamics generated by OD-QMEs. The accuracy of the absorption spectra obtained this way is studied in the context of a biexciton benchmark model, by comparing spectra calculated based on time-local and time-nonlocal OD-QMEs to spectra calculated based on a Redfield-type QME and the non-perturbative and quantum-mechanically exact hierarchical equations of motion method.
Intraspecific genetic variation among
Authors: Roy Ajoy Kumar , Malaviya Devendra Ram , Kaushal Pankaj , Mahanta Sanat Kumar , Tewari Rupali , Chauhan Roopali , Chandra Amaresh
Published: August 2022

Context The genus Sehima is an important component of grasslands worldwide and is the dominant grass of Sehima–Dichanthium grasslands of India. It is an excellent fodder and a good source of lignocellulosic material and several industrially important biomolecules. Aims We aimed to characterise and conserve locally adapted diverse germplasm of S. nervosum, collected from different agro-climatic zones, for effective utilisation. Methods Morphological and nutritive traits were measured and statistically analysed for diversity in a germplasm collection of S. nervosum genotypes from diverse agro-climatic conditions of India, and a representative core subset was created. Key results Morphological traits and nutritive parameters such as crude protein content and digestibility showed wide variability among accessions. Principal component analysis established that plant height, number of tillers per tussock and number of nodes per tiller accounted for half of the variation present. Tiller internode length, stem diameter, and leaf blade length and width also contributed >5 unit points each to the cumulative proportion of variance accounted for. Conclusions The set of germplasm, possessing substantial variability, is a valuable genetic resource for developing new cultivars. Genotypes identified with high protein content could be used as forage, and those with high cellulose and hemicelluloses as a biofuel resource. Implications Genotypes can be separately identified for forage and biofuel, and the core subset can effectively be used for evaluation and selection of genotypes in target environments. Additionally, the core subset can be used to establish and rejuvenate sustainable pastures by allowing natural selection.
O-GlcNAcylation promotes cerebellum development and medulloblastoma oncogenesis via SHH signaling
Authors: Chen Liping , Li Ying , Song Zhihong , Xue Saisai , Liu Fengjiao , Chang Xin , Wu Yan , Duan Xiaotao , Wu Haitao
Published: August 2022

Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling plays a critical role in regulating cerebellum development by maintaining the physiological proliferation of granule neuron precursors (GNPs), and its dysregulation leads to the oncogenesis of medulloblastoma. O-GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) of proteins is an emerging regulator of brain function that maintains normal development and neuronal circuitry. Here, we demonstrate that O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) in GNPs mediate the cerebellum development, and the progression of the Shh subgroup of medulloblastoma. Specifically, OGT regulates the neurogenesis of GNPs by activating the Shh signaling pathway via O-GlcNAcylation at S355 of GLI family zinc finger 2 (Gli2), which in turn promotes its deacetylation and transcriptional activity via dissociation from p300, a histone acetyltransferases. Inhibition of OGT via genetic ablation or chemical inhibition improves survival in a medulloblastoma mouse model. These data uncover a critical role for O-GlcNAc signaling in cerebellar development, and pinpoint a potential therapeutic target for Shh-associated medulloblastoma.
A Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza reassortant virus became pathogenic and highly transmissible due to mutations in its PA gene
Authors: Meng Fei , Yang Huanliang , Qu Zhiyuan , Chen Yan , Zhang Yijie , Zhang Yaping , Liu Liling , Zeng Xianying , Li Chengjun , Kawaoka Yoshihiro , Chen Hualan
Published: August 2022

Previous studies have shown that the Eurasian avian-like H1N1 (EA H1N1) swine influenza viruses circulated widely in pigs around the world and formed multiple genotypes by acquiring non-hemagglutinin and neuraminidase segments derived from other swine influenza viruses. Swine influenza control is not a priority for the pig industry in many countries, and it is worrisome that some strains may become more pathogenic and/or transmissible during their circulation in nature. Our routine surveillance indicated that the EA H1N1 viruses obtained different internal genes from different swine influenza viruses and formed various new genotypes. In this study, we found that a naturally isolated swine influenza reassortant, A/swine/Liaoning/265/2017 (LN265), a representative strain of one of the predominant genotypes in recent years, is lethal in mice and transmissible in ferrets. LN265 contains the hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, and matrix of the EA H1N1 virus; the basic polymerase 2, basic polymerase 1, acidic polymerase (PA), and nucleoprotein of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus; and the nonstructural protein of the North American triple-reassortment H1N2 virus. By generating and testing a series of reassortants and mutants, we found that four gradually accumulated mutations in PA are responsible for the increased pathogenicity and transmissibility of LN265. We further revealed that these mutations increase the messenger RNA transcription of viral proteins by enhancing the endonuclease cleavage activity and viral RNA–binding ability of the PA protein. Our study demonstrates that EA H1N1 swine influenza virus became pathogenic and transmissible in ferrets by acquiring key mutations in PA and provides important insights for monitoring field strains with pandemic potential.
Natural photoredox catalysts promote light-driven lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase reactions and enzymatic turnover of biomass
Authors: Kommedal Eirik G. , Sæther Fredrikke , Hahn Thomas , Eijsink Vincent G. H.
Published: August 2022

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) catalyze oxidative cleavage of crystalline polysaccharides such as cellulose and chitin and are important for biomass conversion in the biosphere as well as in biorefineries. The target polysaccharides of LPMOs naturally occur in copolymeric structures such as plant cell walls and insect cuticles that are rich in phenolic compounds, which contribute rigidity and stiffness to these materials. Since these phenolics may be photoactive and since LPMO action depends on reducing equivalents, we hypothesized that LPMOs may enable light-driven biomass conversion. Here, we show that redox compounds naturally present in shed insect exoskeletons enable harvesting of light energy to drive LPMO reactions and thus biomass conversion. The primary underlying mechanism is that irradiation of exoskeletons with visible light leads to the generation of H
2
O
2
, which fuels LPMO peroxygenase reactions. Experiments with a cellulose model substrate show that the impact of light depends on both light and exoskeleton dosage and that light-driven LPMO activity is inhibited by a competing H
2
O
2
-consuming enzyme. Degradation experiments with the chitin-rich exoskeletons themselves show that solubilization of chitin by a chitin-active LPMO is promoted by light. The fact that LPMO reactions, and likely reactions catalyzed by other biomass-converting redox enzymes, are fueled by light-driven abiotic reactions in nature provides an enzyme-based explanation for the known impact of visible light on biomass conversion.
Integrated AlphaFold2 and DEER investigation of the conformational dynamics of a pH-dependent APC antiporter
Authors: del Alamo Diego , DeSousa Lillian , Nair Rahul M. , Rahman Suhaila , Meiler Jens , Mchaourab Hassane S.
Published: August 2022

The Amino Acid–Polyamine-Organocation (APC) transporter GadC contributes to the survival of pathogenic bacteria under extreme acid stress by exchanging extracellular glutamate for intracellular γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Its structure, determined in an inward-facing conformation at alkaline pH, consists of the canonical LeuT-fold with a conserved five-helix inverted repeat, thereby resembling functionally divergent transporters such as the serotonin transporter SERT and the glucose-sodium symporter SGLT1. However, despite this structural similarity, it is unclear if the conformational dynamics of antiporters such as GadC follow the blueprint of these or other LeuT-fold transporters. Here, we used double electron-electron resonance (DEER) spectroscopy to monitor the conformational dynamics of GadC in lipid bilayers in response to acidification and substrate binding. To guide experimental design and facilitate the interpretation of the DEER data, we generated an ensemble of structural models in multiple conformations using a recently introduced modification of AlphaFold2 . Our experimental results reveal acid-induced conformational changes that dislodge the Cterminus from the permeation pathway coupled with rearrangement of helices that enables isomerization between inward- and outward-facing states. The substrate glutamate, but not GABA, modulates the dynamics of an extracellular thin gate without shifting the equilibrium between inward- and outward-facing conformations. In addition to introducing an integrated methodology for probing transporter conformational dynamics, the congruence of the DEER data with patterns of structural rearrangements deduced from ensembles of AlphaFold2 models illuminates the conformational cycle of GadC underpinning transport and exposes yet another example of the divergence between the dynamics of different families in the LeuT-fold.