bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Long Bone Fractures in Radiology Reports Using Natural Language Processing to support Healthcare Quality Improvement
Authors: Masino Aaron , Casper T. , Dean Jonathan , Bell Jamie , Enriquez Rene , Deakyne Sara , Chamberlain James , Alpern Elizabeth , Grundmeier Robert ,   The Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network
Published: November 2016

Background Important information to support healthcare quality improvement is often recorded in free text documents such as radiology reports. Natural language processing (NLP) methods may help extract this information, but these methods have rarely been applied outside the research laboratories where they were developed.

Objective To implement and validate NLP tools to identify long bone fractures for pediatric emergency medicine quality improvement.

Methods Using freely available statistical software packages, we implemented NLP methods to identify long bone fractures from radiology reports. A sample of 1,000 radiology reports was used to construct three candidate classification models. A test set of 500 reports was used to validate the model performance. Blinded manual review of radiology reports by two independent physicians provided the reference standard. Each radiology report was segmented and word stem and bigram features were constructed. Common English “stop words” and rare features were excluded. We used 10-fold cross-validation to select optimal configuration parameters for each model. Accuracy, recall, precision and the F1 score were calculated. The final model was compared to the use of diagnosis codes for the identification of patients with long bone fractures.

Results There were 329 unique word stems and 344 bigrams in the training documents. A support vector machine classifier with Gaussian kernel performed best on the test set with accuracy=0.958, recall=0.969, precision=0.940, and F1 score=0.954. Optimal parameters for this model were cost=4 and gamma=0.005. The three classification models that we tested all performed better than diagnosis codes in terms of accuracy, precision, and F1 score (diagnosis code accuracy=0.932, recall=0.960, precision=0.896, and F1 score=0.927).

Conclusions NLP methods using a corpus of 1,000 training documents accurately identified acute long bone fractures from radiology reports. Strategic use of straightforward NLP methods, implemented with freely available software, offers quality improvement teams new opportunities to extract information from narrative documents.

Citation: Grundmeier RW, Masino AJ, Casper TC, Dean JM, Bell J, Enriquez R, Deakyne S, Chamberlain JM, Alpern ER. Identification of long bone fractures in radiology reports using natural language processing to support healthcare quality improvement.
The Italian National Seismic Network and the earthquake and tsunami monitoring and surveillance systems
Authors: Michelini Alberto , Margheriti Lucia , Cattaneo Marco , Cecere Gianpaolo , D'Anna Giuseppe , Delladio Alberto , Moretti Milena , Pintore Stefano , Amato Alessandro , Basili Alberto , Bono Andrea , Casale Paolo , Danecek Peter , Demartin Martina , Faenza Licia , Lauciani Valentino , Mandiello Alfonso Giovanni , Marchetti Alessandro , Marcocci Carlo , Mazza Salvatore , Mele Francesco Mariano , Nardi Anna , Nostro Concetta , Pignone Maurizio , Quintiliani Matteo , Rao Sandro , Scognamiglio Laura , Selvaggi Giulio
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) is an Italian research institution, with focus on Earth Sciences. INGV runs the Italian National Seismic Network (Rete Sismica Nazionale, RSN) and other networks at national scale for monitoring earthquakes and tsunami as a part of the National Civil Protection System coordinated by the Italian Department of Civil Protection (Dipartimento di Protezione Civile, DPC). RSN is composed of about 400 stations, mainly broadband, installed in the Country and in the surrounding regions; about 110 stations feature also co-located strong motion instruments, and about 180 have GPS receivers and belong to the National GPS network (Rete Integrata Nazionale GPS, RING). The data acquisition system was designed to accomplish, in near-real-time, automatic earthquake detection, hypocenter and magnitude determination, moment tensors, shake maps and other products of interest for DPC. Database archiving of all parametric results are closely linked to the existing procedures of the INGV seismic monitoring environment and surveillance procedures. INGV is one of the primary nodes of ORFEUS (Observatories & Research Facilities for European Seismology) EIDA (European Integrated Data Archive) for the archiving and distribution of continuous, quality checked seismic data. The strong motion network data are archived and distributed both in EIDA and in event based archives; GPS data, from the RING network are also archived, analyzed and distributed at INGV. Overall, the Italian earthquake surveillance service provides, in quasi real-time, hypocenter parameters to the DPC. These are then revised routinely by the analysts of the Italian Seismic Bulletin (Bollettino Sismico Italiano, BSI). The results are published on the web, these are available to both the scientific community and the general public. The INGV surveillance includes a pre-operational tsunami alert service since INGV is one of the Tsunami Service providers of the North-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Tsunami warning System (NEAMTWS).
The operational methane retrieval algorithm for TROPOMI
Authors: Hu Haili , Hasekamp Otto , Butz André , Galli André , Landgraf Jochen , Aan de Brugh Joost , Borsdorff Tobias , Scheepmaker Remco , Aben Ilse
Published: November 2016

Abstract. This work presents the operational methane retrieval algorithm for the Sentinel 5 Precursor (S5P) satellite and its performance tested on realistic ensembles of simulated measurements. The target product is the column-averaged dry air volume mixing ratio of methane (XCH4), which will be retrieved simultaneously with scattering properties of the atmosphere. The algorithm attempts to fit spectra observed by the shortwave and near-infrared channels of the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) spectrometer aboard S5P.The sensitivity of the retrieval performance to atmospheric scattering properties, atmospheric input data and instrument calibration errors is evaluated. In addition, we investigate the effect of inhomogeneous slit illumination on the instrument spectral response function. Finally, we discuss the cloud filters to be used operationally and as backup.We show that the required accuracy and precision of  < 1 % for the XCH4 product are met for clear-sky measurements over land surfaces and after appropriate filtering of difficult scenes. The algorithm is very stable, having a convergence rate of 99 %. The forward model error is less than 1 % for about 95 % of the valid retrievals. Model errors in the input profile of water do not influence the retrieval outcome noticeably. The methane product is expected to meet the requirements if errors in input profiles of pressure and temperature remain below 0.3 % and 2 K, respectively. We further find that, of all instrument calibration errors investigated here, our retrievals are the most sensitive to an error in the instrument spectral response function of the shortwave infrared channel.
The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series
Authors: Gütschow Johannes , Jeffery M. Louise , Gieseke Robert , Gebel Ronja , Stevens David , Krapp Mario , Rocha Marcia
Published: November 2016

Abstract. To assess the history of greenhouse gas emissions and individual countries' contributions to emissions and climate change, detailed historical data are needed. We combine several published datasets to create a comprehensive set of emissions pathways for each country and Kyoto gas, covering the years 1850 to 2014 with yearly values, for all UNFCCC member states and most non-UNFCCC territories. The sectoral resolution is that of the main IPCC 1996 categories. Additional time series of CO2 are available for energy and industry subsectors. Country-resolved data are combined from different sources and supplemented using year-to-year growth rates from regionally resolved sources and numerical extrapolations to complete the dataset. Regional deforestation emissions are downscaled to country level using estimates of the deforested area obtained from potential vegetation and simulations of agricultural land. In this paper, we discuss the data sources and methods used and present the resulting dataset, including its limitations and uncertainties. The dataset is available from doi:10.5880/PIK.2016.003 and can be viewed on the website accompanying this paper (http://www.pik-potsdam.de/primap-live/primap-hist/).
Automatic delineation of geomorphological slope units with r.slopeunits v1.0 and their optimization for landslide susceptibility modeling
Authors: Alvioli Massimiliano , Marchesini Ivan , Reichenbach Paola , Rossi Mauro , Ardizzone Francesca , Fiorucci Federica , Guzzetti Fausto
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Automatic subdivision of landscapes into terrain units remains a challenge. Slope units are terrain units bounded by drainage and divide lines, but their use in hydrological and geomorphological studies is limited because of the lack of reliable software for their automatic delineation. We present the r.slopeunits software for the automatic delineation of slope units, given a digital elevation model and a few input parameters. We further propose an approach for the selection of optimal parameters controlling the terrain subdivision for landslide susceptibility modeling. We tested the software and the optimization approach in central Italy, where terrain, landslide, and geo-environmental information was available. The software was capable of capturing the variability of the landscape and partitioning the study area into slope units suited for landslide susceptibility modeling and zonation. We expect r.slopeunits to be used in different physiographical settings for the production of reliable and reproducible landslide susceptibility zonations.
Cascade of submerged reservoirs as a rainfall-runoff model
Authors: Kurnatowski Jacek
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The rainfall-runoff conceptual model as a cascade of submerged linear reservoirs with particular outflows depending on storages of adjoining reservoirs is developed. The model output contains different exponential functions with roots of Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind as exponents. The model is applied to IUH and recession curves problems and compared with the analogous results of the Nash cascade. Case study is performed on a basis of 46 recession periods. Obtained results show the usefulness of the model as an alternative concept to the Nash cascade.
Identifying the Classification of EU Countries by an Alternative Variable: The “Stakeholders’ Perception”
Authors: Sorrentino Marco , Gesuele Benedetta , Briamonte Massimiliano Farina , Fiano Fabio
Published: November 2016

Since the first part of 20th century, there was a strand of literature that analyze international differences in financial accounting practices and use these differences to classify countries into groups having similar characteristics. For a long time, the two main accounting systems that have been analyzed in these studies were the Anglo-Saxon accounting system and the Continental Europe one. Notwithstanding the last decades have been characterized by a widespread harmonization process through an extensive and often compulsory adoption of IAS/IFRSs, the situation did not changed so much, because there are still a lot of relevant differences in applying IAS/IFRSs. The aim of this research is to contribute to the literature in theme of countries classification using a different type of variable: the “stakeholders’ perception” instead of “accounting practices”. Using a quantitative statistic methodology, the cluster analysis, we identify a three-groups classification of the EU countries based on the answers about the costs and benefits of IFRS implementation issued in EU public Consultation, launched ten years after their mandatory application.
Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis for Various Quantitative Traits in Desi Chickpea Genotypes under Rainfed Conditions in Ethiopia
Authors: Tadesse Megersa , Fikre Asnake , Eshete Million , Girma Nigusie , Korbu Lijalem , Mohamed Ridwan , Bekele Dagnachew , Funga Assefa , Ojiewo Chris O.
Published: November 2016

Chickpea is rich in protein and micronutrients and plays a significant role in human diet especially as accompaniment to staples, but grain yields in Ethiopia are still below the crop potential. Field experiments were conducted during 2007/8-2009/10 to determine relationships among yield and some yield components using correlation and path coefficient analysis in desi chickpea grown under rainfed conditions. Correlation studies revealed that seed yield was significantly and positively correlated with days to flowering, days to maturity, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, stand count at harvest, plant height and biomass. The path coefficient analysis based on seed yield, as a dependent variable, revealed that biomass had the greatest direct effect on seed yield (0.0146) and followed by stand count at harvest and plant height. Both correlation and path analyses indicated that biomass, stand count at harvest and plant height were the major direct contributors to seed yield. Thus, the present study suggests that more biomass production, stand count at harvest and plant height are major yield factors in selecting high yielding desi chickpea cultivars.
Evaluation of the Efficiency of Duckweeds, Lemna sp. and Spirodela sp., in the Treatment of Tilapia Effluents
Authors: Galaviz-Villa Itzel , Sosa-Villalobos Cinthya , Garcia-Sanchez Alicia , Chavez Ma. Refugio Castañeda , Lango-Reynoso Fabiola , Amaro-Espejo Isabel
Published: November 2016

Farming aquatic plants can be used as an alternative in the treatment of effluents from aquaculture production units and in turn, in the production of biomass plant for feeding terrestrial and aquatic organisms. This research aims to evaluate the efficiency of duckweeds Spirodela sp. and Lemna sp. in the treatment of tilapia effluents (Oreochromis niloticus). The experiment was performed in triplicate and was conducted under natural environmental conditions within the facilities of the Laboratory of Applied Aquaculture Research (LAAR) of the Technological Institute of Boca del Río (ITBOCA). Each treatment contained 230 liters of effluent in each tube, with a water column of 40 cm and a seeding density of 400 g/m2 of vegetative biomass. The evaluation of the efficiency of Spirodela sp. and Lemna sp., in the removal of dissolved nutrients, was performed in 7 monitoring times; 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h. The results showed an efficiency in nutrient removal at 120 h of 75, 74 and 66% of N-NH3; 96, 92 and 75% N-NO2; 93, 88 and 75% N-NO3; 75, 72 and 64% N-NTK; 73, 60 and 58% of N-org., and 73, 63 and 68% of P. On the other hand, the removal of TSS and BOD5, during the first 24 h, was 83, 54, 58% and 65, 59, 33%, in the treatments. The efficiency in nutrient removal of both duckweeds, showed that both plants can be used in the treatment of effluents, being a sustainable and economical alternative for the aquaculture industry.
Announcement of Retraction
Authors: Sun Barbara
Published: November 2016

The editorial board announced this article has been retracted on December 7, 2016.If you have any further question, please contact us at: jel@ccsenet.org
New contributions on line-projections in omnidirectional vision
Authors: Bermudez-Cameo Jesus
Published: November 2016

Computer vision has an increasing interest in most fields of emerging technologies. A challenging topic in this field is to study how to enlarge the field of view of the camera systems to obtain more information of the environment in a single view. In particular, omnidirectional vision can be useful in many applications such as estimating location in robotics, autonomous driving and unmanned aerial vehicles.The wide field of view of omnidirectional cameras allows taking advantage of describing 3D scenarios using line features. On the one hand, line features represent natural landmarks in man-made environments, they are easy to understand, coincident with edges of constructive elements and often still present when having texture-less scenarios.On the other hand, long segments are especially useful for drift compensation because they are usually completely visible on the omnidirectional projection.However, in omnidirectional cameras line projections are distorted by the projection mapping becoming complex curves. This thesis is focused on the geometry of line projections (line-images) in omnidirectional systems. Main addressed topic of this work is line-image extraction on different kinds of central and non-central omnidirectional images. However, due to the nature of projection in omnidirectional cameras, other addressed topics are camera calibration and, in the case on non-central cameras, 3D reconstruction from single images.
Contributions to Real-time Metric Localisation with Wearable Vision Systems
Authors: Gutierrez Daniel
Published: November 2016

Under the rapid development of electronics and computer science in the last years, cameras have becomeomnipresent nowadays, to such extent that almost everybody is able to carry one at all times embedded intotheir cellular phone. What makes cameras specially appealing for us is their ability to quickly capture a lot ofinformation of the environment encoded in one image or video, allowing us to immortalize special moments inour life or share reliable visual information of the environment with other persons. However, while the task ofextracting the information from an image may by trivial for us, in the case of computers complex algorithmswith a high computational burden are required to transform a raw image into useful information. In this sense, the same rapid development in computer science that allowed the widespread of cameras has enabled also the possibility of real-time application of previously practically infeasible algorithms.Among the current fields of research in the computer vision community, this thesis is specially concerned inmetric localisation and mapping algorithms. These algorithms are a key component in many practical applications such as robot navigation, augmented reality or reconstructing 3D models of the environment.The goal of this thesis  is to delve into visual localisation and mapping from vision, paying special attentionto conventional and unconventional cameras which can be easily worn or handled by a human. In this thesis Icontribute in the following aspects of the visual odometry and SLAM (Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping)pipeline:- Generalised Monocular SLAM for catadioptric central cameras- Resolution of the scale problem in monocular vision- Dense RGB-D odometry- Robust place recognition- Pose-graph optimisation
Memory Organization for Invariant Object Recognition and Categorization
Authors: Donatti Guillermo Sebastián
Published: November 2016

Using distributed representations of objects enables artificial systems to be more versatile regarding inter- and intra-category variability, improving the appearance-based modeling of visual object understanding. They are built on the hypothesis that object models are structured dynamically using relatively invariant patches of information arranged in visual dictionaries, which can be shared across objects from the same category. However, implementing distributed representations efficiently to support the complexity of invariant object recognition and categorization remains a research problem of outstanding significance for the biological, the psychological, and the computational approach to understanding visual perception. The present work focuses on solutions driven by top-down object knowledge. It is motivated by the idea that, equipped with sensors and processing mechanisms from the neural pathways serving visual perception, biological systems are able to define efficient measures of similarities between properties observed in objects and use these relationships to form natural clusters of object parts that share equivalent ones. Based on the comparison of stimulus-response signatures from these object-to-memory mappings, biological systems are able to identify objects and their kinds. The present work combines biologically inspired mathematical models to develop memory frameworks for artificial systems, where these invariant patches are represented with regular-shaped graphs, whose nodes are labeled with elementary features that capture texture information from object images. It also applies unsupervised clustering techniques to these graph image features to corroborate the existence of natural clusters within their data distribution and determine their composition. The properties of such computational theory include self-organization and intelligent matching of these graph image features based on the similarity and co-occurrence of their captured texture information. The performance to model invariant object recognition and categorization of feature-based artificial systems equipped with each of the developed memory frameworks is validated applying standard methodologies to well-known image libraries found in literature. Additionally, these artificial systems are cross-compared with state-of-the-art alternative solutions. In conclusion, the findings of the present work convey implications for strategies and experimental paradigms to analyze human object memory as well as technical applications for robotics and computer vision.
Statistical and deterministic approaches for multimedia forensics
Authors: Pasquini Cecilia
Published: November 2016

The increasing availability and pervasiveness of multimedia data in our society is before our very eyes.As a result of globalization and worldwide connectivity, people from all over the planet are exchanging constantly increasing amounts of images, videos, audio recordings on a daily basis. Coupled with the easy access to user-friendly editing software, this poses a number of problems related to the reliability and trustworthiness of such content, as well as its potential malevolent use. For this reason, the research field of multimedia forensics focuses on the development of forensic tools for verifying the authenticity of multimedia data. The hypothesis of pristine status of images, videos or audio tracks is called into question and can be rejected if traces of manipulation are detected with a certain degree of confidence. In this framework, studying traces left by any operation that could have been employed to process the data, either for malicious purposes or simply to improve their content or presentation, turns out to be of interest for a comprehensive forensic analysis. The goal of this doctoral study is to contribute to the field of multimedia forensics by exploiting intrinsic statistical and deterministic properties of multimedia data. With this respect, much work has been devoted to the study of JPEG compression traces in digital images, resulting in the development of several innovative approaches. Indeed, some of the main related research problems have been addressed and solution based on statistical properties of digital images have been proposed. In particular, the problem of identifying traces of JPEG compressions in images that have been decompressed and saved in uncompressed formats has been extensively studied, resulting in the design of novel statistical detectors. Given the enormous practical relevance, digital images in JPEG formats have also been considered. A novel method aimed at discriminating images compressed only once and more than once has been developed, and tested on a variety of images and forensic scenarios. Being the potential presence of intelligent counterfeiters ever increasingly studied, innovative counterforensic techniques to JPEG compression based on smart reconstruction strategies are proposed.Finally, we explore the possibility of defining and exploiting deterministic properties related to a certain processing operation in the forensic analysis. With this respect, we present a first approach targeted to the detection in one-dimensional data of a common data smoothing operation, the median filter. A peculiarity of this method is the ability of providing a deterministic response on the presence of median filtering traces in the data under investigation.
A variational approach to denoising problem
Authors: Thanh Dang Ngoc Hoang
Published: November 2016

A digital image can be created by different digital devices, such as digital cameras, X-ray scanners, etc. In practice, such devices can give unexpected defects, for example, noise. The Gaussian noise and Poisson noise are very important, but their combination is important too. This mixed noise usually appears in electronic microscopic images, in aerospace images, etc. Our goal is to combine ROF model (for Gaussian noise removal) and modified ROF model (for Poisson noise removal) to create new model that can treat this combination effectively. Our model will treat this combination with considering proportion of noise between them.
Effect of Non-Rubber Constituents on Guayule and Hevea Rubber Intrinsic Properties
Authors: M.A. Monadjemi Shirin , M. McMahan Colleen , Cornish Katrina
Published: November 2016

To meet the increasing demand for natural rubber (NR), currently sourced from the tropical rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis, and address price volatility and steadily increasing labor costs, alternate rubber-producing species are in commercial development. One of these, guayule (Parthenium argentatum), has emerged on the market as a commercial source of high quality rubber. Non-rubber constituents play an important role in the physical properties of NR products. The intrinsic composition of the two NR materials differs and these differences may be a principal cause of the performance differences between them.
We have compared the effect of non-rubber constituents, such as protein, lipids, resin and rubber particle membranes. Firstly, a film casting method was developed to obtain rubber films with a uniform thickness. Secondly, the glass transition temperature of different rubbers was determined by dynamic mechanical analysis, and tensile properties were tested for uncompounded materials. Guayule natural rubber (GNR), from which most of the membranes were removed while in latex form (MRGNR) was found to have higher intrinsic strength than GNR or gel-free NR (FNR). An acetone extraction was performed to quantify the resin and free lipids in the rubber samples.
A Review of Backup Mechanism for Reducing Delamination when Drilling Composite Laminates
Authors: Tsao C.C. , Hocheng H.
Published: November 2016

Over the past decades, composite materials have been increasingly utilized in various industries because of their superior mechanical properties and resistance to corrosion. Drilling is essential to produce precise holes when load-carrying structures are produced using composites. Because of the non-homogeneous and anisotropic property of composite laminates, delamination often occurs at the point where the drill exits, which affects reliability and safety. Some studies present a suppressed mechanism to prevent delamination when drilling composite laminates. The experimental results demonstrate delamination is significantly reduced by various suppressed mechanisms and greater feed rates produce the same level of delamination. The use of special drill geometries and backup has been demonstrated to be more advantageous than the use of adapted feed controls. The basis for the future development of a suppression mechanism for drilling composite laminates is determined.
[Training in emergency and urgent care settings: more shadows than lights]
Authors: Mennuni Mauro
Published: November 2016

[Article in Italian]
Abstracts of presentations at the congress of the South African Thoracic Society in Johannesburg, 18 - 21 August 2016
Authors: Nye Simon
Published: November 2016

Abstracts of presentations at the congress of the South African Thoracic Society in Johannesburg, 18 - 21 August 2016
El potencial ético y educativo de la epigénesis proactiva en Kathinka Evers
Authors: Pallarés-Domínguez Daniel
Published: November 2016

English Title: "The ethical and educative potential of Kathinka Evers's proactive epigensis" Resumen: La profesora Kathinka Evers es una de las coordinadoras del área filosófica relativa a la conciencia del Human Brain Project (HBP). Basándose en trabajos de neurociencia, biología y filosofía, su propuesta de epigénesis proactiva mantiene que existe una simbiogénesis cultural inevitable, en la que el ser humano está influido en su carácter y comportamiento por los genes de la misma forma en que con sus acciones y su comportamiento puede influir a la larga en las variaciones genéticas de generaciones posteriores. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar su propuesta para dar cuenta de la importancia de la ética y la educación en el seno de la cultura, frente a las visiones más reduccionistas y materialistas de la neuroética. Abstract: Professor Kathinka Evers is one of the coordinators of the philosophy area concerning consciousness of the Human Brain Project (HBP). Based on works in neuroscience, biology and philosophy, her proactive epigenesis proposal maintains that there is an inevitable cultural symbiogenesis in which genes have influence on human character and behavior in the same way as human actions and behavior can influence genetic variations in subsequent generations. The aim of this paper is to analyze this proposal in order to account for the importance of ethics and education in culture, and opposing more materialistic and reductionist views of neuroethics. Palabras clave: epigénesis proactiva, simbiogénesis cultural, neuroética, ética. Keywords: proactive epigenesis, cultural simbiogenesis, neuroethics, ethics.
La Generación del 14. España ante su modernidad inacabada, por Hugo Aznar, Elvira Alonso y Manuel Menéndez, eds.
Authors: Martínez Castelló José Miguel
Published: November 2016

Reseña del llibro La Generación del 14. España ante su modernidad inacabada, editado por Hugo Aznar, Elvira Alonso y Manuel Menéndez.
Crew Scheduling Considering both Crew Duty Time Difference and Cost on Urban Rail System
Authors: Zhou Wenliang , Yang Xia , Deng Lianbo , Qin Jin
Published: November 2016

Urban rail crew scheduling problem is to allocate train services to crews based on a given train timetable while satisfying all the operational and contractual requirements. In this paper, we present a new mathematical programming model with the aim of minimizing both the related costs of crew duty and the variance of duty time spreads. In addition to iincorporating the commonly encountered crew scheduling constraints, it also takes into consideration the constraint of arranging crews having a meal in the specific meal period of one day rather than after a minimum continual service time. The proposed model is solved by an ant colony algorithm which is built based on the construction of ant travel network and the design of ant travel path choosing strategy. The performances of the model and the algorithm are evaluated by conducting case study on Changsha urban rail. The results indicate that the proposed method can obtain a satisfactory crew schedule for urban rails with a relatively small computational time.
A Method of Rescue Flight Path Plan Correction Based on the Fusion of Predicted Low-altitude Wind Data
Authors: Zhang Ming , Wang Shuo , Yu Hui
Published: November 2016

This study proposes a low-altitude wind prediction model for correcting the flight path plans of low-altitude aircraft. To solve large errors in numerical weather prediction (NWP) data and the inapplicability of high-altitude meteorological data to low altitude conditions, the model fuses the low-altitude lattice prediction data and the observation data of a specified ground international exchange station through the unscented Kalman filter (UKF)-based NWP interpretation technology to acquire the predicted low-altitude wind data. Subsequently, the model corrects the arrival times at the route points by combining the performance parameters of the aircraft according to the principle of velocity vector composition. Simulation experiment shows that the RMSEs of wind speed and direction acquired with the UKF prediction method are reduced by 12.88% and 17.50%, respectively, compared with the values obtained with the traditional Kalman filter prediction method. The proposed prediction model thus improves the accuracy of flight path planning in terms of time and space.
Optimal Allocation of Changing Station for Electric Vehicle Based on Queuing Theory
Authors: Zhang Yagang , Qi Dingli , Jiang Wei , Lei Shuang
Published: November 2016

Electric vehicle as the main development direction of the future automotive industry, has gained attention worldwide. The rationality of the planning and construction of the power station, as the foundation of energy supply, is an important premise for the development of electric vehicles. In full consideration of the electric demand and electricity consumption, this paper proposes a new construction mode in which charging station and centralized charging station are appropriately combined and presents a location optimization model. Not only can this model be applied to determine the appropriate location for the power station, but it can use the queuing theory to determine the optimal number of power equipment, with which we can achieve the minimum costs. Finally, taking a certain city as an example, the optimum plan for power station is calculated by using this model, which provides an important reference for the study of electric vehicle infrastructure planning.
Effects of silicate ion concentration on the formation of ceramic oxide layers produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation on Al alloy
Authors: Lee Jung-Hyung , Kim Seong-Jong
Published: November 2016

Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coatings were fabricated on 5083 Al alloy in KOH electrolyte solution with adding various concentrations of Na2SiO3. Changes in voltage–time response and micro-discharge evolution were analyzed, and the surface and cross-section of the resulting coating layer were further characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that discharge characteristics were evidently changed with different Na2SiO3 concentrations, particularly higher Na2SiO3 concentrations leading to lower dielectric breakdown voltages. It was found that porous surface structure became prevalent with increasing Na2SiO3 concentration. The EDS analysis confirmed the incorporation of Si element in the PEO coatings. The result of XRD analysis revealed that metastable phases such as γ- and η-alumina were produced as a result of PEO, while amorphous phases appeared with excessive Na2SiO3 concentrations (10 and 14 g/L). The coating thickness was significantly increased about 2–8 times with increasing Na2SiO3, almost depending on Na2SiO3 concentration.
What drives interannual variation in tree ring oxygen isotopes in the Amazon?
Authors: Baker J. C. A. , Gloor M. , Spracklen D. V. , Arnold S. R. , Tindall J. C. , Clerici S. J. , Leng M. J. , Brienen R. J. W.
Published: November 2016

Oxygen isotope ratios in tree rings (δ18OTR) from northern Bolivia record local precipitation δ18O and correlate strongly with Amazon basin‐wide rainfall. While this is encouraging evidence that δ18OTR can be used for paleoclimate reconstructions, it remains unclear whether variation in δ18OTR is truly driven by within‐basin processes, thus recording Amazon climate directly, or if the isotope signal may already be imprinted on incoming vapor, perhaps reflecting a pan‐tropical climate signal. We use atmospheric back trajectories combined with satellite observations of precipitation, together with water vapor transport analysis to show that δ18OTR in Bolivia are indeed controlled by basin‐intrinsic processes, with rainout over the basin the most important factor. Furthermore, interannual variation in basin‐wide precipitation and atmospheric circulation are both shown to affect δ18OTR. These findings suggest δ18OTR can be reliably used to reconstruct Amazon precipitation and have implications for the interpretation of other paleoproxy records from the Amazon basin.
Strain‐induced permeability increase in volcanic rock
Authors: Farquharson Jamie I. , Heap Michael J. , Baud Patrick
Published: November 2016

The extrusion of dense, viscous magma typically occurs along pronounced conduit‐parallel faults. To better understand the evolution of fault permeability with increasing strain, we measured the permeability of low‐porosity volcanic rock samples (basalt and andesite) that were deformed in the brittle regime to various levels of inelastic strain. We observed a progressive increase in sample permeability with increasing inelastic strain (i.e., with continued sliding on the fault plane). At the maximum imposed inelastic strain (0.11), sample permeability had increased by 3 orders of magnitude or more for all sample sets. Microstructural observations show that narrow shear fractures evolve into more complex fracture systems characterized by thick zones of friction‐induced cataclasis (gouge) with increasing inelastic strain. These data suggest that the permeability of conduit‐parallel faults hosted in the rock at the conduit‐wall rock interface will increase during lava extrusion, thus facilitating outgassing and hindering the transition to explosive behavior.
Diagnosis of Cushing's disease in a patient with consistently normal urinary free cortisol levels: a case report
Authors: Moloney Kelley J. , Mercado Jennifer U. , Ludlam William H. , Broyles Frances E.
Published: November 2016

Key Clinical Message

The urinary free cortisol (UFC) test is widely used for the screening of Cushing's syndrome. This case study illustrates the potential failure of the UFC test to correctly diagnose Cushing's disease (CD), indicating that the use of other complementary tests may be necessary to diagnose this disease in some cases.
Longitudinal SNP‐set association analysis of quantitative phenotypes
Authors: Wang Zhong , Xu Ke , Zhang Xinyu , Wu Xiaowei , Wang Zuoheng
Published: November 2016

Many genetic epidemiological studies collect repeated measurements over time. This design not only provides a more accurate assessment of disease condition, but allows us to explore the genetic influence on disease development and progression. Thus, it is of great interest to study the longitudinal contribution of genes to disease susceptibility. Most association testing methods for longitudinal phenotypes are developed for single variant, and may have limited power to detect association, especially for variants with low minor allele frequency. We propose Longitudinal SNP‐set/sequence kernel association test (LSKAT), a robust, mixed‐effects method for association testing of rare and common variants with longitudinal quantitative phenotypes. LSKAT uses several random effects to account for the within‐subject correlation in longitudinal data, and allows for adjustment for both static and time‐varying covariates. We also present a longitudinal trait burden test (LBT), where we test association between the trait and the burden score in linear mixed models. In simulation studies, we demonstrate that LBT achieves high power when variants are almost all deleterious or all protective, while LSKAT performs well in a wide range of genetic models. By making full use of trait values from repeated measures, LSKAT is more powerful than several tests applied to a single measurement or average over all time points. Moreover, LSKAT is robust to misspecification of the covariance structure. We apply the LSKAT and LBT methods to detect association with longitudinally measured body mass index in the Framingham Heart Study, where we are able to replicate association with a circadian gene NR1D2.
Preferences of psychiatric practitioners for core symptoms of major depressive disorder: a hidden conjoint analysis
Authors: Riepe Matthias W. , Gritzmann Peter , Brieden Andreas
Published: November 2016

According to ICD‐10 and DSM‐V, symptoms of depressive disorder are considered to be equally important for severity judgment. It was the goal to investigate the weight of selected symptom complexes for severity judgment. In workaday life severity judgment results from an overall impression rather than from calculating severity in different symptom complexes, separately. In fact, the drivers for overall judgment may not be known explicitly to the psychiatrist himself. A method of choice to resolve this is conjoint analysis. Based on the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Scale (MADRS) and the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) case vignettes were constructed. Different symptom severity in the domains mood, vegetative symptoms, cognition/inhibition, suicidality, and everyday functioning were worked into the vignettes. Different symptom complexes influence the severity judgment by clinical psychiatrists to a rather different extent. Mood has a greater impact on severity judgment than suicidality, cognition/inhibition, vegetative symptoms, and everyday functioning. We conclude that core complexes of major depressive disorder are valued with different clinical relevance by psychiatrists. Thus, diagnosis and appraisal of therapeutic efficacy are subject to individual preferences of clinical psychiatrists and prevalence and therapeutic efficacy may be over‐ or under‐estimated unless these differences in preferences are taken into account.
Surface‐initiated nitroxide‐mediated polymerization of sodium 4‐styrene sulfonate from latex particles
Authors: St Thomas Claude , Cabello‐Romero Judith Nazareth , Garcia‐Valdez Omar , Jiménez‐Regalado Enrique Javier , Maldonado‐Textle Hortensia , Guerrero‐Santos Ramiro
Published: November 2016

In this study, we report the use of a double‐headed dialkoxyamine trithiocarbonate (I) capable of acting as chain transfer agent via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization or as initiator via nitroxide‐mediated polymerization. It is worth mentioning that I was revealed as an effective dual chain transfer agent in the synthesis of multiblock copolymers via bulk and emulsion processes. In this article, we report the employing of I in dispersed systems to obtain amphiphilic multiblock copolymers and latexes. In this case, a water soluble macroagent of PAA previously synthetized was used in disperse media using a mixture of methanol/water (70:30, w/w). Stable latexes were obtained via polymerization‐induced self‐assembly and surface‐initiated polymerization of SSNa from alkoxyamine‐functionalized latex PAA‐b‐PS‐b‐PAA was also obtained © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 437–444
Type Reconstruction for $$\lambda $$-DRT Applied to Pronoun Resolution
Authors: Leiß Hans , Wu Shuqian
Published: November 2016

$$\lambda $$
λ
-DRT is a typed theory combining simply typed $$\lambda $$
λ
-calculus with discourse representation theory, used for modelling the semantics of natural language. With the aim of type-checking natural language texts in the same vein as is familiar from type-checking programs, we propose untyped$$\lambda $$
λ
-DRT with automatic type reconstruction. We show a principal types theorem for $$\lambda $$
λ
-DRT and how type reconstruction can be used to make pronoun resolution type-correct, i.e. the inferred types of a pronoun occurrence and its antecedent noun phrase have to be compatible, thereby reducing the number of possible antecedents.
Minimalist Grammar Transition-Based Parsing
Authors: Stanojević Miloš
Published: November 2016

Current chart-based parsers of Minimalist Grammars exhibit prohibitively high polynomial complexity that makes them unusable in practice. This paper presents a transition-based parser for Minimalist Grammars that approximately searches through the space of possible derivations by means of beam search, and does so very efficiently: the worst case complexity of building one derivation is $$O(n^2)$$

O
(

n
2

)

and the best case complexity is O(n). This approximated inference can be guided by a trained probabilistic model that can condition on larger context than standard chart-based parsers. The transitions of the parser are very similar to the transitions of bottom-up shift-reduce parsers for Context-Free Grammars, with additional transitions for online reordering of words during parsing in order to make non-projective derivations projective.
Polysemy and Coercion – A Frame-Based Approach Using LTAG and Hybrid Logic
Authors: Babonnaud William , Kallmeyer Laura , Osswald Rainer
Published: November 2016

In this article, we propose an analysis of polysemy and coercion phenomena using a syntax-semantics interface which combines Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar with frame semantics and Hybrid Logic. We show that this framework allows a straightforward and explicit description of selectional mechanisms as well as coercion processes. We illustrate our approach by applying it to examples discussed in Generative Lexicon Theory [23, 25]. This includes the modeling of dot objects and associated coercion phenomena in our framework, as well as cases of functional coercion triggered by transitive verbs and adjectives.
The Effect of Time Stress on Store Loyalty: A Case of Food and Grocery Shopping in Thailand
Authors: Kongarchapatara Boonying , Shannon Randall
Published: November 2016

In today's competitive environment, consumers face a hectic pace of life and are often time pressured when managing their occupation and family. This study investigates the effects of time pressure stress on store loyalty in the context of food and grocery shopping in Thailand. Additionally, this research introduces the concept of shopping motivations (i.e., utilitarian and hedonic motivation) to explain how and why time-stressed shoppers may be loyal to particular retail stores. The philosophy of utilitarian-oriented motivation asserts that time-stressed consumers are more loyal toward a preferred store where they may shop with minimal exertion of time and energy. In addition, this study indicates that shoppers who experience time stress may be responding to hedonic motivations related to food and grocery shopping.
A proposal of clinical ECG index “vagal score” for determining the mechanism of paroxysmal atrioventricular block
Authors: Komatsu Sayaka , Sumiyoshi Masataka , Miura Seiji , Kimura Yuki , Shiozawa Tomoyuki , Hirano Keiko , Odagiri Fuminori , Tabuchi Haruna , Hayashi Hidemori , Sekita Gaku , Tokano Takashi , Nakazato Yuji , Daida Hiroyuki
Published: November 2016

Background

Paroxysmal atrioventricular block (P‐AVB) is a well‐known cause of syncope; however, its underlying mechanism is difficult to determine. This study aimed to evaluate a new ECG index, the “vagal score (VS),” to determine the mechanism of P‐AVB.

Methods

We evaluated the VS in 20 patients with P‐AVB (13 men, 7 women; aged 25–78 years [mean, 59.3 years]). The VS was developed by assigning 1 point each for the following: (1) no AVB or intraventricular conduction disturbance on the baseline ECG, (2) PR prolongation immediately before P‐AVB, (3) sinus slowing immediately before P‐AVB, (4) initiation of P‐AVB by PP prolongation, (5) sinus slowing during ventricular asystole, and (6) resumption of AV conduction with PP shortening, and by assigning −1 point each for (7) the initiation of P‐AVB by a premature beat, and (8) resumption of AV conduction by an escape beat. Based on the clinical situations and electrophysiologic findings, we considered the mechanism of P‐AVB as vagally mediated or intrinsic conduction disease (ICD).

Results

The VS ranged from 5 to −2 points for each patient. Five patients with a definite vagally mediated P‐AVB had high VSs (3–5 points). We observed characteristic ECG findings of ICD consisting of changes in AV conduction by an extrasystole and/or escape beat in only 5 of the 6 patients (83%) with a low VS (1 to −2).

Conclusions

The VS is simple and potentially useful for determining the mechanism of P‐AVB. P‐AVB with a VS ≥3 strongly suggested a vagally mediated mechanism.