bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vitamin K2 Prevents Lymphoma in Drosophila
Authors: Dragh Maytham A. , Xu Zhiliang , Al-Allak Zainab S. , Hong Ling
Published: November 2017

Previous studies have established the anticancer effect of vitamin K2 (VK2). However, its effect on lymphoma induced by UBIAD1/heix mutation in Drosophila remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to develop an in vivo model of lymphoma for the precise characterization of lymphoma phenotypes. We also aimed to improve the understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the preventative effects of VK2 on lymphoma. Our results demonstrated that VK2 prevents lymphoma by acting as an electron carrier and by correcting the function and structure of mitochondria by inhibiting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production mtROS. Our work identifies mitochondria as a key player in cancer therapy strategies.
E-cadherin dynamics is regulated by galectin-7 at epithelial cell surface
Authors: Advedissian Tamara , Proux-Gillardeaux Véronique , Nkosi Rachel , Peyret Grégoire , Nguyen Thao , Poirier Françoise , Viguier Mireille , Deshayes Frédérique
Published: November 2017

Re-epithelialisation of wounded epidermis is ensured by collective cell migration of keratinocytes. Efficient collective migration requires the maintenance of intercellular adhesion, notably through adherens junctions, to favour cell communication, support tension forces and coordinated movement . Galectin-7, a soluble lectin expressed in stratified epithelia, has been previously implicated in cell migration and intercellular adhesion. Here, we revealed a new function of galectin-7 in the control of directionality and collective behaviour in migrating keratinocytes. Consistently, we identified galectin-7 as a direct partner of E-cadherin, a key component of adherens junctions. Unexpectedly, this interaction does not require glycosylation motifs. Focusing on the underlying mechanisms, we showed that galectin-7 stabilizes E-cadherin at the plasma membrane, restraining its endocytosis. Interestingly, galectin-7 silencing decreases E-cadherin-mediated intercellular adhesion. Consequently, this study not only identifies a new stabilizer of adherens junctions but also emphasises the importance of the interplay between E-cadherin turnover and intercellular adhesion strength.
Dengue serotyping with a label-free DNA sensor
Authors: Chan S. K. , Choong Y. S. , Perera D. , Lim T. S.
Published: November 2017

Detection of dengue target by generation of silver nanoclusters using cocktail probes and single probe assay.
‘AIE + ESIPT’ assisted photorelease: fluorescent organic nanoparticles for dual anticancer drug delivery with real-time monitoring ability
Authors: Biswas Sandipan , Mengji Rakesh , Barman Shrabani , Venugopal Vangala , Jana Avijit , Singh N. D. Pradeep
Published: November 2017

‘Aggregation Induced Emission + Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (AIE + ESIPT)’-assisted photorelease of an anticancer drug by a p-hydroxyphenacyl (pHP) phototrigger with real-time monitoring has been demonstrated.
Homogeneous electrocatalytic water oxidation at neutral pH by a robust trinuclear copper(ii)-substituted polyoxometalate
Authors: Yu Li , Lin Junqi , Zheng Min , Chen Mindong , Ding Yong
Published: November 2017

An all-inorganic POM-based copper cluster, [(α-SbW9O33)2Cu3(H2O)3]12− (1), catalyzes water oxidation at a neutral pH without decomposition under electrochemical conditions.
Solvent polarity and oxygen sensitivity, rather than viscosity, determine lifetimes of biaryl-sensitised terbium luminescence
Authors: Walter Edward R. H. , Williams J. A. Gareth , Parker David
Published: November 2017

The lifetime of terbium luminescence sensitised by a biaryl group is influenced by solvent polarity and dissolved oxygen quenching the sensitiser.
Synthesis and applications of rhodium porphyrin complexes
Authors: Thompson Samuel J. , Brennan Marshall R. , Lee Siu Yin , Dong Guangbin
Published: November 2017

A review on rhodium porphyrin chemistry, ranging from synthesis and properties to reactivity and application.
MBaYB6O12(M = Rb, Cs): two new rare-earth borates with large birefringence and short ultraviolet cutoff edges
Authors: Chen Xinglong , Zhang Fangfang , Shi Yunjing , Sun Yanzhou , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie
Published: November 2017

MBaYB6O12(M = Rb, Cs), two new promising birefringent materials with large birefringence and short UV cutoff edges.
Cyclometallated ruthenium(ii) complexes with 3-acetyl-2[H]-chromene-2-one derived CNS chelating ligand systems: synthesis, X-ray characterization and biological evaluation
Authors: Kalaiarasi G. , Rajkumar S. Rex Jeya , Dharani S. , Fronczek Frank R. , Muthukumar Nadar M. S. A. , Prabhakaran R.
Published: November 2017

The presented work focuses on the synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-acetylcoumarin Schiff bases and their cyclometallated ruthenium(ii) metallates.
Alternating donor–acceptor indigo-cyclopentadithiophene copolymers: competition between excited state conformational relaxation, energy transfer and excited state proton transfer
Authors: Pina João , Alnady Mohamed , Eckert Anika , Scherf Ullrich , Seixas de Melo J. Sérgio
Published: November 2017

In a copolymer with indigo and CPDT, fast ESPT and/or intrachain energy transfer are observed whereas conformational relaxation is absent.
Protein-free ribosomal RNA folds to a near-native state in the presence of Mg2+
Authors: Lenz Timothy K. , Norris Ashlyn M. , Hud Nicholas V. , Williams Loren Dean
Published: November 2017

The assembled bacterial ribosome contains around 50 proteins and many counterions.
Electro-kinetic remediation of chromium-contaminated soil by a three-dimensional electrode coupled with a permeable reactive barrier
Authors: Xue Fengjiao , Yan Yujie , Xia Ming , Muhammad Faheem , Yu Lin , Xu Feng , Shiau YanChyuan , Li Dongwei , Jiao Binquan
Published: November 2017

Electro-kinetic remediation of Cr-contaminated soil by three-dimensional electrode coupled with a permeable reactive barrier.
Ag-Doped PEDOT:PSS/CNT composites for thin-film all-solid-state supercapacitors with a stretchability of 480%
Authors: Zhu Yaping , Li Ning , Lv Tian , Yao Yao , Peng Huanan , Shi Jun , Cao Shaokui , Chen Tao
Published: November 2017

A highly flexible and stretchable all-solid-state supercapacitor that can bear a tensile strain as high as 480% is developed by using composite electrodes of aligned carbon nanotube and silver-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)–poly(styrenesulfonate).
Anomalously low twist and bend elastic constants in an oxadiazole-based bent-core nematic liquid crystal and its mixtures; contributions of spontaneous chirality and polarity
Authors: Srigengan S. , Nagaraj M. , Ferrarini A. , Mandle R. , Cowling S. J. , Osipov M. A. , Pająk G. , Goodby J. W. , Gleeson H. F.
Published: November 2017

The splay, twist and bend elastic constants of an oxadiazole based bent core liquid crystal and it's mixtures have been measured across the entire nematic range.
The human gut virome: form and function
Authors: Ogilvie Lesley A. , Jones Brian V.
Published: November 2017

Advances in next-generation sequencing technologies and the application of metagenomic approaches have fuelled an exponential increase in our understanding of the human gut microbiome. These approaches are now also illuminating features of the diverse and abundant collection of viruses (termed the virome) subsisting with the microbial ecosystems residing within the human holobiont. Here, we focus on the current and emerging knowledge of the human gut virome, in particular on viruses infecting bacteria (bacteriophage or phage), which are a dominant component of this viral community. We summarise current insights regarding the form and function of this ‘human gut phageome’ and highlight promising avenues for future research. In doing so, we discuss the potential for phage to drive ecological functioning and evolutionary change within this important microbial ecosystem, their contribution to modulation of host–microbiome interactions and stability of the community as a whole, as well as the potential role of the phageome in human health and disease. We also consider the emerging concepts of a ‘core healthy gut phageome’ and the putative existence of ‘viral enterotypes’ and ‘viral dysbiosis’.
In vitro models of the human microbiota and microbiome
Authors: McDonald Julie A.K.
Published: November 2017

Gut microbiome studies have been gaining popularity over the years, especially with the development of new technologies (e.g. metataxonomics, metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metabonomics) that makes it easier for researchers to characterize the composition and functionality of these complex microbial communities. The goal of these studies is to identify a microorganism, group of microbes, or microbial metabolite which correlates with a disease state (e.g. inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and obesity). Many of these are cross-sectional studies, where fecal samples from a group of diseased individuals are compared with those from a group of healthy individuals at a single time point. However, there are a wide range of variables that can affect the gut microbiota of humans which make mechanistic studies challenging. Longitudinal studies are required for research to more reliably correlate interventions or disease status to microbiota composition and functionality. However, longitudinal studies in humans and animals are difficult, expensive, and time-consuming. This review will discuss in vitro gut fermentation models and how they can be used to perform longitudinal studies that complement in vivo microbiome studies. Gut fermentation models support the growth of stable, reproducible, and diverse microbial communities in a tightly controlled environment set to mimic the conditions microbes encounter in the gastrointestinal tract. Gut fermentation models will make it easier for researchers to perform mechanistic studies and aid in the development of novel treatments that are both targeted and maintained over time.
Expectation maximisation‐based approach to recovering multiple sparse signals with common sparsity pattern
Authors: Sun Jingjing , Cheng Xiantao
Published: November 2017

The problem of simultaneously recovering multiple sparse signals bearing a common sparsity pattern is addressed. Specifically, a common Gaussian prior to all the sparse signals under consideration is assigned. This can make that the signals share the same sparsity pattern. Then, an expectation maximisation (EM)‐based approach to learn the priori parameters from measurements, thereby leading to the recovery of sparse signals is adopted. Simulations verify that the proposed EM approach outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art counterparts.
Hidden variability subspace learning for adaptation of deep neural networks
Authors: Fernando S. , Sethu V. , Ambikairajah E.
Published: November 2017

This Letter proposes a deep neural network (DNN) adaptation method, herein referred to as the hidden variability subspace (HVS) method, to achieve improved robustness under diverse acoustic environments arising due to differences in conditions, e.g. speaker, channel, duration and environmental noise. In the proposed approach, a set of condition‐dependent parameters is estimated to adapt the hidden layer weights of the DNN in the HVS to reduce the condition mismatch. These condition‐dependent parameters are then connected to various layers through a new set of adaptively trained weights. The authors evaluate the proposed hidden variability learning method on a language identification task and show that significant performance gains can be obtained by discriminatively estimating a set of adaptation parameters to compensate the mismatch in the trained model.
Compression algorithm of road traffic data in time series based on temporal correlation
Authors: Wang Yong‐dong , Xu Dong‐wei , Lu Yun , Shen Jun‐Yan , Zhang Gui‐jun
Published: November 2017

The numerous applications of urban traffic detection technology in road traffic data acquisition bring new challenges for transportation and storage of road traffic big data. The travel demand and travel time of travel participants present certain specific regularity; thus, a compression algorithm for road traffic data in time series based on temporal correlation was proposed in this study. First, the temporal correlation of the road traffic data in time series was analysed. Second, the reference sequences of road traffic characteristics were constructed to acquire the base data under different modes. Third, the training data under the same mode were extracted to acquire the difference data between training and base data. Then the optimal threshold of the difference data was trained. Fourth, the optimal threshold was introduced into the difference data between real‐time and base data in time series, combining with Lempel‐Ziv‐Welch (LZW) encoding to achieve the compression of difference data. Finally, the reconstruction of real‐time road traffic data in time series was accomplished based on LZW decoding technology. Six typical road segments in Beijing were adopted for case studies. The final results prove the feasibility of the algorithm, and that the reconstructed data can achieve high accuracy.
Robust and flexible strategy for missing data imputation in intelligent transportation system
Authors: Li Linchao , Zhang Jian , Yang Fan , Ran Bin
Published: November 2017

Rich and complete data play a fundamental role in intelligent traffic management and control applications. A great volume of missing data is found in the intelligent transportation system. In this paper, the authors introduce an ensemble strategy to handle the missing values. The proposed strategy is a general framework that different models, whether linear, neural networks, or other, can be applied. In this strategy, missing values are first computed by the forward and backward models, and their results are combined to recover the incomplete raw data. Then, the models are iterated for several times to enhance the accuracy. Three commonly used imputation models are tested in the proposed strategy using the data from real world. The results indicate that the proposed strategy can significantly improve the accuracy of the imputation with different missing types and during different traffic states. Moreover, the increase of the iteration is capable to improve the performance of the models.
Distributed game‐based pricing strategy for energy sharing in microgrid with PV prosumers
Authors: Cui Shichang , Wang Yan‐Wu , Liu Nian
Published: November 2017

In recent years, many traditional energy consumers are transforming to prosumers with photovoltaic (PV) installations. Thus, energy sharing among prosumers has become a research focus. In this study, the energy sharing problem in a microgrid is formulated as a Stackelberg game. The microgrid operator (MGO) is the leader of the game setting internal buying and selling prices for energy sharing and balances the power mismatch of microgrid by trading energy in day‐ahead and real‐time market. PV prosumers are the followers of the game deciding their energy sharing profiles in response to internal prices. Each participant of the game makes its best decision to maximise its utility or profit. The Stackelberg equilibrium (SE) is a set of decisions of internal prices and energy sharing profiles, and in SE each participant cannot increase its utility or profit by changing its decision. The existence and uniqueness of the SE have been strictly proved by showing the utility function of MGO is unimodal and has a unique optimal solution. The heuristic algorithm is presented for MGO to achieve the SE in a distributed way, where prosumers get to protect their privacies. Simulation cases have verified the effectiveness and feasibility of the energy sharing strategy.
Analysis method of feeder partition capacity considering power supply security and distributed generation
Authors: Wang Weifu , Cao Zhaojing , Sun Ke , He De , Sun Yanjun , Li Chunxiao , Sun Ming , Dong Shufeng
Published: November 2017

Large‐scale integration of distributed generation (DG) increases the stability of the distribution network which in turn makes the network structure more complex to analyse. Thus, this study proposes a feeder partition available capacity calculation model considering N − 1 security verification and DG, in order to provide data support for distribution network's operation and planning. Firstly, the authors discuss DG's different categories and respective treatment in N − 1 fault. Secondly, a calculation method of feeder partition available capacity is proposed for the distribution network with a high permeability of DG. Finally, the calculation results of a practical distribution network prove the practicability and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Nasogastric Feeding Tubes May Not Contribute to Gastroesophageal Reflux in Preterm Infants
Authors: Murthy Swati , Funderburk Apryle , Abraham Sheeja , Epstein Michele , DiPalma Joan , Aghai Zubair
Published: November 2017

Objective The objective was to determine if the presence of a nasogastric (NG) feeding tube is associated with increased gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and acid exposure in preterm infants.

Study Design This is a retrospective study on preterm infants [gestational age (GA) <37 weeks] who were evaluated by multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH monitoring (MII-pH) between October 2009 and March 2016. Infants were divided into two groups, NG tube present and no feeding tube. GER events per hour and the percent of time with pH <4 during a 24-hour period were then compared.

Results Eighty-three infants were included, 41 had an NG tube present and 42 did not. The group without an NG tube had significantly more reflux events per hour (2.3 ± 2.9 vs. 1.3 ± 0.8, p < 0.05) even after adjusting for differences in birth weight, GA, corrected GA, and total fluid intake. There was no significant difference in acidic events per hour and acid exposure time between the two groups.

Conclusion The presence of a 5-French NG tube is not associated with an increase in GER or acid exposure in preterm infants. In fact, it appears that infants fed through an NG tube have fewer episodes of GER.
Terminology and Legislation referring to Percutaneous Facet Procedures to Treat Low Back Pain in Brazil – Current Status
Authors: Joaquim Andrei Fernandes , Milano Jeronimo Buzetti , Daniel Jefferson Walter , Mudo Marcelo Luis , Botelho Ricardo Vieira
Published: November 2017

Incongruities in the terminology and in the Brazilian legislation about percutaneous facet procedures (PFPs) for the treatment of chronic lower back pain are frequently the subject of litigations between health professionals and supplementary healthcare providers. The Brazilian Hierarchical Classification of Medical Procedures (CBHPM, in the Portuguese acronym) describes four types of PFPs, while the Brazilian Unified Supplementary Health Terminology (TUSS, in the Portuguese acronym) describes five distinct lumbar PFPs, which correlate with the ones described on the List of Procedures and Events in Health, created by the Brazilian National Agency of Supplementary Health (ANS, in the Portuguese acronym). In the present paper, we review the terminology of the procedures, proposing the unification of the terminology and the abolition of redundancies in the tables. Finally, we developed a single terminology proposal for the PFPs based on their complexity and objectives to be used for the treatment of lower back pain.
Screening exekutiver Funktionen bei Parkinson-Patienten durch den neuen Schnelltest PAL-5
Authors: Scheffels Jannik Florian , Engels Jasmin Elaine , Kalbe Elke , Kessler Josef
Published: November 2017

Morbus Parkinson ist nach der Demenz vom Alzheimer-Typ die zweithäufigste chronische neurodegenerative Erkrankung weltweit. Neben den
charakteristischen motorischen Symptomen der Krankheit, insbesondere der Bradykinese, treten häufig bereits vor Beginn der Erkrankung
leichte kognitive Beeinträchtigungen (PD-MCI) auf, die vor allem die Exekutivfunktionen betreffen. Um solche kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen
frühzeitig zu erkennen, ist initial die Durchführung eines Screenings wünschenswert. Der neu entwickelte kognitive Schnelltest
Paarassoziationslernen-5 („PAL-5“) wurde konzipiert, um die Leitsymptomatik kognitiver Störungen – nämlich exekutive Beeinträchtigungen –
bei Parkinson-Patienten zu erkennen. Dieser besteht aus einem unmittelbaren Abruf von fünf inkompatiblen und neu zusammengefügten Wortpaaren
(Hauptstädte vs. Länder), einer intermediären formallexikalischen Wortflüssigkeitsaufgabe („FAS-Test“) und einem anschließenden verzögerten
Abruf. Damit werden die drei Kernprozesse exekutiver Funktionen getestet: kognitive Flexibilität, Inhibition und Gedächtnis. An der Klinik
und Poliklinik für Neurologie der Universitätsklinik Köln wurde der PAL-5 in den Jahren von 2014 bis 2016 insgesamt an 154
Parkinson-Patienten, 115 kognitiv Beeinträchtigten ohne Parkinson-Diagnose und 115 Kontrollprobanden durchgeführt (N = 384). Für eine
Retest-Reliabilitätsbestimmung wurden außerdem weitere 42 Kontrollprobanden herangezogen, die im Zeitraum von Februar bis Juli 2017, in
einem Abstand von jeweils vier Monaten zwischen der ersten und zweiten Testung, untersucht wurden. Es stellten sich hochsignifikante
Gruppenunterschiede in den Subtests des PAL-5 heraus. Parkinson-Patienten sowie kognitiv Beeinträchtigte schnitten signifikant schlechter ab
als die Kontrollprobanden. Zwischen den Parkinson-Patienten und kognitiv Beeinträchtigten gab es keine signifikanten Gruppenunterschiede in
den Testscores. Außerdem zeigten sich mittelhohe bis hohe Korrelationen zwischen PAL-5 und MMST sowie PAL-5 und PANDA (jeweils
p < 0,001). In der ROC-Analyse für den PAL-5-Gesamtwert bei Parkinson-Patienten mit einem Score von weniger als 11 Punkten zeigte sich
eine AUC von 0,91. Ein Summenscore von ≤ 10 scheint daher praktikabel zu sein, um kognitive Defizite – vor allem exekutive
Funktionsstörungen und Gedächtnisbeeinträchtigungen – bei Parkinsonerkrankten zu erkennen. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass die Kombination von
kognitiver Flexibilität, Inhibition und Gedächtnis eine kurze sinnvolle Zusammenstellung für ein Screeningverfahren von Parkinson-Patienten
ist.
Die Angst vor dem Tod und ihre Bedeutung für die Psychiatrie
Authors: Juckel Georg , Mavrogiorgou Paraskevi
Published: November 2017

Die Auseinandersetzung mit dem Tod und der Angst vor dem Tod begleitet den Menschen seit jeher, welche sich in den verschiedenen
philosophischen und religiösen Positionen widerspiegelt. Auffallend ist es jedoch, dass im Hinblick auf die psychiatrischen Störungen die
Beschäftigung mit diesem Thema ausgesprochen mäßig ist. Jedoch lässt die bisherige wenige Literatur vermuten, dass die „Angst vor dem Tod“
im psychopathologisch veränderten Erleben psychiatrischer Patienten eine große Rolle spielt, deren Ausmaß bislang unzureichend erfasst wird.
Es werden die Begrifflichkeiten geklärt und insbesondere die Problematik des Ich-Zerfalls bei Patienten mit Schizophrenie als Ausdruck von
Angst vor dem Tod näher thematisiert. Dabei wird u. a. auf die wenigen Studien zur Angst vor dem Tod bei psychischen Störungen, ihre
Psychodynamik und Ansätze der sog. Terror-Management-Theorie eingegangen. Damit soll auf dieses Thema als wichtiger Teil unseres
Fachgebietes hingewiesen und mehr Forschung diesbezüglich initiiert werden.
Generation of a wakefield undulator in plasma with transverse density gradient
Authors: Stupakov G.
Published: November 2017

We show that a short relativistic electron beam propagating in a plasma with a density gradient perpendicular to the direction of motion generates a wakefield in which a witness bunch experiences a transverse force. A density gradient oscillating along the beam path would create a periodically varying force—an undulator, with an estimated strength of the equivalent magnetic field more than 10 T. This opens an avenue for the creation of a high-strength, short-period undulator, which eventually may lead to all-plasma, free electron lasers where a plasma wakefield acceleration is naturally combined with a plasma undulator in a unifying, compact setup.
Probing the non-linear transient response of a carbon nanotube mechanical oscillator
Authors: Willick Kyle , Tang Xiaowu (Shirley) , Baugh Jonathan
Published: November 2017

Carbon nanotube (CNT) electromechanical resonators have demonstrated unprecedented sensitivities for detecting small masses and forces. The detection speed in a cryogenic setup is usually limited by the CNT contact resistance and parasitic capacitance of cabling. We report the use of a cold heterojunction bipolar transistor amplifying circuit near the device to measure the mechanical amplitude at microsecond timescales. A Coulomb rectification scheme, in which the probe signal is at much lower frequency than the mechanical drive signal, allows investigation of the strongly non-linear regime. The behaviour of transients in both the linear and non-linear regimes is observed and modeled by including Duffing and non-linear damping terms in a harmonic oscillator equation. We show that the non-linear regime can result in faster mechanical response times, on the order of 10 μs for the device and circuit presented, potentially enabling the magnetic moments of single molecules to be measured within their spin relaxation and dephasing timescales.
Invited Review Article: Measurements of the Newtonian constant of gravitation, G
Authors: Rothleitner C. , Schlamminger S.
Published: November 2017

By many accounts, the Newtonian constant of gravitation G is the fundamental constant that is most difficult to measure accurately. Over the past three decades, more than a dozen precision measurements of this constant have been performed. However, the scatter of the data points is much larger than the uncertainties assigned to each individual measurement, yielding a Birge ratio of about five. Today, G is known with a relative standard uncertainty of 4.7 × 10−5, which is several orders of magnitudes greater than the relative uncertainties of other fundamental constants. In this article, various methods to measure G are discussed. A large array of different instruments ranging from the simple torsion balance to the sophisticated atom interferometer can be used to determine G. Some instruments, such as the torsion balance can be used in several different ways. In this article, the advantages and disadvantages of different instruments as well as different methods are discussed. A narrative arc from the historical beginnings of the different methods to their modern implementation is given. Finally, the article ends with a brief overview of the current state of the art and an outlook.
A millimeter magnetic trap for a dual (85Rb and 87Rb) species atom interferometer
Authors: Alibert J. , Décamps B. , Bordoux M. , Allard B. , Gauguet A.
Published: November 2017

We present a magnetic trap for cold atoms near a surface of a millimeter-sized atom chip. The trap allows us to capture a large number of atoms with modest electrical currents (40 A) and to generate large magnetic gradients (>300 G cm−1). Here we report a mixture containing 6 × 109 atoms for the two rubidium isotopes 87Rb and 85Rb. This device does not require cleanroom facilities nor micro-machining technologies which makes its construction easier. In addition our design allows the implementation of an optical dipole trap with a laser beam passing through the chip.
Assessment of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) grain yield, aerial biomass and flowering date stability in Mediterranean environments
Authors: Iglesias-García R. , Prats E. , Flores F. , Amri M. , Mikić A. , Rubiales D.
Published: November 2017

Mediterranean environments are of most interest to study pea adaptability to terminal drought conditions especially in the current context of global climate change. In our work we have tested nine pea cultivars in five South European and North African locations, characterised by different agro climatic conditions within the Mediterranean climate. Data were processed through the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis. Grain yield, aboveground biomass and flowering date were assessed within each mega-environment with parametric and non-parametric methods, establishing ranks for the genotypes within each condition attending to their stability parameters and mean values. The field analysis revealed HR1 as a wide-adapted genotype, whereas others such as Desso showed the best adaptation in South Mediterranean areas. Our results also highlighted the potential interest of these genotypes and others (i.e. Messire and ZP108) in breeding programs and further studies on drought tolerance.
Contributions of primate prefrontal cortex and medial temporal lobe to temporal-order memory
Authors: Naya Yuji , Chen He , Yang Cen , Suzuki Wendy A.
Published: November 2017

Significance

We compared the patterns of neural activity in cells in the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) with cells in three areas within the medial temporal lobes (MTL) and visual area TE in nonhuman primates during the encoding phase of a temporal-order memory task. While many cells in both regions signaled information about item identity, temporal order, and the combination of the two, cells in these regions used largely distinct encoding strategies. PFC signaled specific information about the conjunction of item and temporal order and prominent stimulus-selective delay activity that is well suited for planning actions. By contrast, MTL areas exhibited item-based signals modulated by temporal order as well as prominent incremental timing signals that are well suited for episodic encoding.
Austenite reversion in 18% Ni maraging steel and its weldments
Authors: Rohit Benjamin , Muktinutalapati Nageswara Rao
Published: November 2017

In the heat-treated condition, 18% Ni maraging steels have a microstructure of aged martensite and essentially no austenite. However, austenite can form if the material is overaged. This has been termed as austenite reversion, a subject which has received much attention, because it importantly influences properties and performance of the steel. Reversion of austenite in fusion zones of weld joints in these steels has also been widely studied. Because of microsegregation, austenite reversion in the fusion zone is accelerated. Reverted austenite in the fusion zone strongly influences the performance of the weld joints. The present review critically analyses the published work on austenite reversion and its effects on properties and performance, covering both base metal and weld joints.
The Forum on China–Africa Cooperation: towards a path of regime formation in environmental conservation
Authors: Herman Fanie
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this study is to determine the validity of international regime theories while examining cooperation between China and African countries, focusing specifically on the Forum on China– African Cooperation. An overview of international regime theory shows that regimes are social institutions that influence the behaviour of states. Cooperation between China and Africa implies that an institutional framework is in place consisting of various norms and principles, as well as specific rules and programmes. In order to present a more concrete analysis, it is necessary to identify an approach that explains cooperation in a specific issue-area. The knowledge-based approach is used in this instance to point out how political and scientific knowledge shapes the path towards regime formation in environmental conservation. This happens by way of preferences, shared ideas and learning. The calculation of knowledge is analysed in light of existing and new challenges, in addition to learning, which creates belief systems, structure action plans and situations, and facilitates the negotiation process.
Effect of Ti content and martensite–austenite constituents on microstructure and mechanical property
Authors: Han Chaoyu , Li Kejian , Liu Xia , Cao Rui , Cai Zhipeng
Published: November 2017

In this study, the relationship between impact toughness and microstructure in Cr–Mo–V multi-pass weld metals has been systematically investigated. The Charpy impact energy of two weld metals with various alloy elements increased remarkably. The primary cause of the change of impact toughness was attributed to the difference of acicular ferrite (AF) content and prior-austenite grain size, and the size and distribution of necklace martensite–austenite (M–A) constituents. With increasing Ti content, Ti-containing inclusions were increased, which resulted in an increased number of nucleation sites for AF, a change in the microstructure from allotriomorphic ferrite to AF, and refined ferrite grain size. In addition, smaller and more dispersive M–A constituents were observed in the weld metal with higher impact toughness.
Lack of Detection of New Amphetamine-Like Drugs Using Conventional Urinary Immunoassays
Authors: Begeman Anja , Franssen Eric J. F.
Published: November 2017

Background:

The number of reports of serious adverse effects and intoxication after the use of the new drug 4-fluoroamphetamine (4-FA) increases. At the Emergency Department of the OLVG-Oost Hospital in Amsterdam, an on-site drug test, the Triage TOX Drug Screen, is available to assist in a rapid diagnosis. In less urgent cases, an EMIT II Plus immunoassay is used to determine semiquantitatively the presence of drugs of abuse (DOA). The antibodies in these immunoassays are designed to detect classic DOA and its urinary metabolites. Amphetamine-like drugs that may cause serious toxicity or impairment may not cross-react with the available immunoassay kits, and therefore may stay undetected. The question arises as to whether 4-FA and paramethoxymethamphetamine (PMMA) are detectable in the toxicological screening procedures commonly used for testing in urine.

Methods:

Synthetic urine was spiked with the drug under investigation to create spiking standards of 50, 100, 250, 500, 2500, and 5000 ng/mL. Urine drug screens were performed on the automated analyzer Biosite Triage MeterPro using the Triage TOX Drug Screen test and on a Siemens Drug Testing System Viva-E using the EMIT II Plus Ecstasy Assay and the EMIT II Plus Amphetamines Assay.

Results:

In this concentration range, the EMIT II Plus did not screen positive for PMMA, but there was some cross-reactivity for PMMA on the EMIT II Plus Ecstasy assay. The Triage TOX Drug Screen did test positive for PMMA at a concentration of 2500 ng/mL. The EMIT II Plus Amphetamines did test positive for 4-FA at a concentration of 5000 ng/mL, whereas the Ecstasy [3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)] assay only showed low cross-reactivity for 4-FA. The Triage TOX Drug Screen did not test positive for 4-FA.

Conclusions:

The available immunoassays lack sensitivity to detect 4-FA and PMMA in lower urine concentrations. Awareness of the fact that novel DOA may lead to false-negative urinary drug tests is of great importance.
Evaluation of Long-term Anatomic Changes Following Canaloplasty With Anterior Segment Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography and Ultrasound Biomicroscopy
Authors: Kuerten David , Plange Niklas , Becker Jakob , Walter Peter , Fuest Matthias
Published: November 2017

Background:

To analyze long-term structural changes in conjunctiva, sclera and Schlemm canal (SC) with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) following uncomplicated canaloplasty.

Materials and Methods:

Fifteen patients with planned canaloplasty and no intraoperative complications were included in this prospective study. AS-OCT images were acquired at 1, 3, 6 months and at a long-term time point (20±4.9 mo) postsurgery. UBM images were acquired at 3, 6 months and long-term after canaloplasty. The surgical site was evaluated for the presence of SC, transscleral filtration, a scleral lake, and the visibility of intra-Schlemm sutures. The SC’s height and width were measured at the 3 and 9 o’clock limbus position.

Results:

Following canaloplasty, the intraocular pressure was successfully reduced from 23.43±5.52 to 12.6±1.78 mm Hg (P<0.0001) at the final control visit. Topical medication was reduced from 2.9±1.1 to 0.4±0.6 over the same period. SC’s increase in height was higher than that in width at the last visit (height: +351%, P=0.0004, width: +144%, P=0.002). With the UBM the SC was easily identifiable by the reflection of the tractions sutures in 75% of the patients at the last visit. Transscleral filtration was detectable in 42% of the patients at the last visit using AS-OCT and a scleral lake was still detectable by OCT in 25% of the patients and even in 42% of the patients by UBM.

Conclusions:

Persisting anatomic changes of SC, a transscleral filtration and a scleral lake can be recorded by AS-OCT and UBM long-term after successful canaloplasty.
An Autologous Leukocyte-Reduced Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy for Chronic Injury of the Medial Collateral Ligament in the Knee: A Report of 3 Successful Cases
Authors: Yoshida Mamoru , Marumo Keishi
Published: November 2017

Some patients complain of chronic persistent medial knee pain after isolated low-grade injuries of medial collateral ligaments (MCL). These injuries often respond to various conservative treatments but insufficient healing of ligaments is believed to be responsible for symptoms in this group of patients. We report on successful treatment of chronically symptomatic MCL injuries in 3 patients using autologous leukocyte-reduced platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections. There were 3 men with a mean age of 39.3 years and a mean disease duration of 10 months. Magnetic resonance imaging showed discontinuities of superficial layers and thickness of deep layers in the proximal MCL. After PRP injections, all cases returned to their sport activities at a previous level as without symptoms, and complete healing of proximal ligaments was identified on magnetic resonance images. The outcomes indicated that PRP injections led to successful repair for chronic injuries of MCL in knees.
Approaches and techniques to avoid development or progression of acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Beloncle François , Mercat Alain
Published: November 2017

Purpose of review

Despite major improvement in ventilation strategies, hospital mortality and morbidity of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain high. A lot of therapies have been shown to be ineffective for established ARDS. There is a growing interest in strategies aiming at avoiding development and progression of ARDS.

Recent findings

Recent advances in this field have explored identification of patients at high-risk, nonspecific measures to limit the risks of inflammation, infection and fluid overload, prevention strategies of ventilator-induced lung injury and patient self-inflicted lung injury, and pharmacological treatments.

There is potential for improvement in the management of patients admitted to intensive care unit to reduce ARDS incidence. Apart from nonspecific measures, prevention of ventilator-induced lung injury and patient self-inflicted lung injury are of major importance.
Update on trends in childhood tuberculosis
Authors: Fry Samantha , Barnabas Shaun , Cotton Mark F.
Published: November 2017

Purpose of review

Although tuberculosis (TB) causes much morbidity and mortality in children, diagnosis and treatment remain challenging. Recently, children have gained increasing attention in research and clinical trials driving improved contact management, case identification and treatment of both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant TB. This review highlights some recent advances.

Recent findings

The tuberculin skin test is the most widely used test to distinguish Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection from active TB, however, using M. tuberculosis-specific, antigenic stimulation of CD4 and CD8 cells appear more effective. The use of Xpert MTB/RIF to identify M. tuberculosis in clinical samples, together with novel sampling methods have in part, overcome the difficulty of sampling and increased case identification capacity. Advances in treating both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant childhood TB show promise in being more paediatric friendly and improving adherence. Dosing strategies for drug-sensitive TB have improved with dispersible fixed drug combinations now available. In the treatment and prevention of drug-resistant TB, however, research involving the use of newer and more effective drugs currently recommended for adults, are still ongoing in children.

The World Health Organization aims to end the TB epidemic by 2035 whereas the United Nations’ Sustainable Developmental Goals sets this ambitious target for 2030. Therefore, adequate funding and implementing effective national TB programs must be prioritized, particularly in high-burden, low-income settings.
App-Based Sexual Partner Seeking and Sexually Transmitted Infection Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Study of HIV-Negative Men Who Have Sex With Men Attending a Sexually Transmitted Infection Clinic in Los Angeles, California
Authors: DeVost Michelle A. , Beymer Matthew R. , Weiss Robert E. , Shover Chelsea L. , Bolan Robert K.
Published: November 2017

Background

Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) face higher rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) compared with the general population. The association between venues where sexual partners are met and STI transmission is dynamic and poorly understood, especially among those who use geosocial networking (GSN) apps. This study aimed to determine whether there is a difference in STI incidence between MSM who met their last sexual partner through a GSN app and MSM who met their last partner via other venues.

Methods

Data were analyzed from HIV-negative MSM attending the Los Angeles LBGT Center between August 2015 and July 2016 (n = 9499). Logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between STI incidence and whether or not an individual met his last partner through a GSN app.

Results

No relationship was detected between STI incidence and whether one's last sexual partner was met via GSN app. However, an association was detected between STI incidence and having used GSN apps to meet sexual partners in the past 3 months. A dose-response relationship was observed between the number of venues used to meet partners and testing positive for any STI (adjusted odds ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.14).

Conclusions

The relationship between how people meet sexual partners and STI acquisition is much more nuanced than previously thought. Geosocial networking apps do not inherently expose users to high-risk reservoirs of STIs, but further understanding of the complexity of sexual networks and networking methods is warranted, given increasing rates of STIs.
New Swallowing Method to Improve Pharyngeal Passage of a Bolus by Creating Negative Pressure in the Esophagus—Vacuum Swallowing
Authors: Kunieda Kenjiro , Kubo Saori , Fujishima Ichiro
Published: November 2017

Herein, we present a case of a patient with Wallenberg syndrome with severe bulbar dysphagia who discovered a unique swallowing method: creating strong negative pressure in the esophagus to improve pharyngeal passage of a bolus. A 47-yr-old man presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to a ruptured aneurysm in the right vertebral artery. After coil embolization, he experienced severe dysphagia due to Wallenberg syndrome and required tube feeding. Eighty-one days after the onset of the stroke, a videofluoroscopic swallowing evaluation revealed that the bolus was rapidly sucked into the esophagus. High-resolution manometry showed weak constriction of the pharynx simultaneous with forced, voluntary constriction of the diaphragm before swallowing; this created negative pressure in the esophagus. The authors named this unique swallowing method “vacuum swallowing.” Ultimately, the patient was able to eat an ordinary diet via the use of this technique. Vacuum swallowing is a unique method of improving pharyngeal passage of a bolus by creating strong negative pressure in the esophagus. Additional studies are necessary to determine whether vacuum swallowing can be successfully used for other forms of dysphagia.
Applying Positive End-Expiratory Pressure During Mechanical Ventilation Causes Pulmonary Redox Imbalance and Inflammation in Rats
Authors: Andrade Mônica C. , Souza Ana Beatriz F. de , Horta Jacques G. , Paula Costa Guilherme de , Talvani André , Cangussú Sílvia D. , Menezes Rodrigo C. A. de , Bezerra Frank S.
Published: November 2017

Background:

Mechanical ventilation (MV) may induce or aggravate lung injury through the production of cytokines, inflammatory infiltration of neutrophils, and changes in the permeability of the alveolar-capillary barrier. The use of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) helps improve gas exchanges avoiding alveolar collapse at the end of expiration. The present study aimed to analyze inflammatory response and redox imbalance in lungs of rats submitted to MV with and without PEEP.

Methods:

Eighteen Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (CG), PEEP group (PG), and zero PEEP (ZEEP) group (ZG). PG and ZG were submitted to MV for 60 min with or without PEEP, respectively. Subsequently, the animals were euthanized, and blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lungs were collected for analyses.

Results:

The number of neutrophils was higher in PG compared with CG. Leucocyte and neutrophil influx in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was higher in PG compared with CG. PG showed an increase in alveolar area compared with the other groups. There were increases in the levels of chemokines, CCL3 and CCL5, in PG compared with CG. There were increases in oxidation of lipids and proteins in PG compared with other groups. There were increases in the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in PG compared with CG and ZG. However, there was a decrease in the ratio of glutathione to glutathione disulfide in PG compared with other groups.

Conclusions:

MV with PEEP caused redox imbalance and inflammation in lungs of healthy rats.
Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Authors: Duvoisin Céline , Favre Lucie , Allemann Pierre , Fournier Pierre , Demartines Nicolas , Suter Michel
Published: November 2017

Objective:

The aim of this paper is to report, with a high follow-up rate, 10-year results in a large cohort of patients after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) done essentially by laparoscopy.

Background:

RYGBP has been performed for 50 years, including 20 years by laparoscopy, yet very few long-term results have been reported, mostly after open surgery.

Methods:

Prospective bariatric database established since the introduction of bariatric surgery. Retrospective data analysis on weight loss, long-term complications, quality of life, and comorbidities.

Results:

In all, 658 consecutive patients (515 women/143 men) were included: 554 with primary RYGBP, 104 with reoperative RYGBP. There was 1 (0.15%) postoperative death. Thirty-two (5%) patients died during follow-up from causes unrelated to surgery. Ten years after primary RYGBP, patients lost 28.6 ± 10.5% of their initial weight, corresponding to a mean of 13.2 body mass index (BMI) units. Among them, 72.8% achieved a BMI <35. Weight loss ≥20% was seen in 80.3% and <10% in 3.9% of patients. Results were similar in patients undergoing primary or reoperative RYGBP, but were better in patients who were initially less obese (BMI <50 kg/m2) than in superobese patients. Quality of life and comorbidities significantly improved with 80% resolution or improvement of metabolic comorbidities. All patients required supplementations, and 14.6% required long-term reoperation.

Conclusions:

RYGBP provides long-term satisfactory weight loss up to 10 years, and significantly improves quality of life and comorbidities. Long-term complications requiring reoperation can develop. Mineral and vitamin supplementation are universally necessary. Other more effective surgical options should be discussed in patients with very severe obesity.