bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inversion of differences in frequency components of azimuthal seismic data for indicators of oil-bearing fractured reservoirs based on an attenuative cracked model
Authors: Chen Huaizhen , Li Junxiao , Innanen Kristopher A.
Published: January 2020

Based on a model of attenuative cracked rock, we have derived a simplified and frequency-dependent stiffness matrix associated with (1) a rock volume containing aligned and partially saturated cracks and (2) a new indicator of oil-bearing fractured reservoirs, which is related to pressure relaxation in cracked rocks and influenced by fluid viscosity and saturation. Starting from the mathematical form of a perturbation in this stiffness matrix across a reflecting interface separating two attenuative cracked media, we set up a linearized P-wave to P-wave reflection coefficient as an azimuthally and frequency-dependent function of dry rock elastic properties, dry fracture weaknesses, and the new indicator. By varying this reflection coefficient with azimuthal angle, we derive a further expression referred to as the quasidifference in elastic impedance, or [Formula: see text], which is primarily affected by the dry fracture weaknesses and the new indicator. An inversion approach is established to use differences in frequency components of seismic amplitudes to estimate these weaknesses and the indicator based on the derived [Formula: see text]. In synthetic inversion tests, we determine that the approach produces interpretable parameter estimates in the presence of data with a moderate signal-to-noise ratio (S/N). Testing on a real data set suggests that reliable fracture weakness and indicator are generated by the approach; fractured and oil-bearing reservoirs are identified through a combination of the dry fracture weakness and the new indicator.
Joint microseismic event location and anisotropic velocity inversion with the cross double-difference method using downhole microseismic data
Authors: Ma Yangyang , Yuan Congcong , Zhang Jie
Published: January 2020

We have applied the cross double-difference (CDD) method to simultaneously determine the microseismic event locations and five Thomsen parameters in vertically layered transversely isotropic media using data from a single vertical monitoring well. Different from the double-difference (DD) method, the CDD method uses the cross-traveltime difference between the S-wave arrival time of one event and the P-wave arrival time of another event. The CDD method can improve the accuracy of the absolute locations and maintain the accuracy of the relative locations because it contains more absolute information than the DD method. We calculate the arrival times of the qP, qSV, and SH waves with a horizontal slowness shooting algorithm. The sensitivities of the arrival times with respect to the five Thomsen parameters are derived using the slowness components. The derivations are analytical, without any weak anisotropic approximation. The input data include the cross-differential traveltimes and absolute arrival times, providing better constraints on the anisotropic parameters and event locations. The synthetic example indicates that the method can produce better event locations and anisotropic velocity model. We apply this method to the field data set acquired from a single vertical monitoring well during a hydraulic fracturing process. We further validate the anisotropic velocity model and microseismic event locations by comparing the modeled and observed waveforms. The observed S-wave splitting also supports the inverted anisotropic results.
Christoffel equation in the polarization variables
Authors: Grechka Vladimir
Published: January 2020

To study the topology of polarization fields in homogeneous anisotropic media, we formulate the classic Christoffel equation in the polarization variables and solve it for the slowness vectors of plane waves corresponding to a given polarization. This task might emerge in passive seismology when neither ray nor wavefront-normal direction of a body wave recorded by a single three-component seismometer is available, so that velocities or slownesses of plausible wave arrivals have to be inferred from the recorded direction of particle motion. Our analysis shows that, unless the Christoffel equation degenerates and yields an infinite number of different slowness vectors, the finite nonzero number of its real-valued solutions varies from one to four. Unexpectedly, we find a subset of triclinic solids in which the polarization field contains holes — there exist finite-size solid angles of polarization directions unattainable to any plane wave.
Exploring psychological symptoms and associated factors in patients receiving medication-assisted treatment for opioid-use disorder
Authors: Rosic Tea , Worster Andrew , Thabane Lehana , Marsh David C. , Samaan Zainab
Published: January 2020

Background

Patients receiving treatment for opioid-use disorder (OUD) may experience psychological symptoms without meeting full criteria for psychiatric disorders. The impact of these symptoms on treatment outcomes is unclear.

Aims

To determine the prevalence of psychological symptoms in a cohort of individuals receiving medication-assisted treatment for OUD and explore their association with patient characteristics and outcomes in treatment.

Method

Data were collected from 2788 participants receiving ongoing treatment for OUD recruited in two Canadian prospective cohort studies. The Maudsley Addiction Profile psychological symptoms subscale was administered to all participants via face-to-face interviews. A subset of participants (n = 666) also received assessment for psychiatric disorders with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. We used linear regression analysis to explore factors associated with psychological symptom score.

Results

The mean psychological symptom score was 12.6/40 (s.d. = 9.2). Participants with psychiatric comorbidity had higher scores than those without (mean 16.8 v. 8.6, P<0.001) and 31% of those with psychiatric comorbidity reported suicidal ideation. Higher psychological symptom score was associated with female gender (B = 1.59, 95% CI 0.92–2.25, P<0.001), antidepressant prescription (B = 4.35, 95% CI 3.61–5.09, P<0.001), percentage of opioid-positive urine screens (B = 0.02, 95% CI 0.01–0.03, P<0.001), and use of non-opioid substances (B = 1.92, 95% CI 0.89–2.95, P<0.001). Marriage and employment were associated with lower psychological symptoms.

Conclusions

Psychological symptoms are associated with treatment outcomes in this population and the prevalence of suicidal ideation is an area of concern. Our findings highlight the ongoing need to optimise integrated mental health and addictions services for patients with OUD.
Circulating Unmethylated Insulin DNA As a Biomarker of Human Beta Cell Death: A Multi-laboratory Assay Comparison
Authors: Speake Cate , Ylescupidez Alyssa , Neiman Daniel , Shemer Ruth , Glaser Benjamin , Tersey Sarah A , Usmani-Brown Sahar , Clark Pamela , Wilhelm Joshua J , Bellin Melena D , Herold Kevan C , Mirmira Raghavendra G , Dor Yuval , Evans-Molina Carmella
Published: January 2020

Context

There is an unmet need for biomarkers of pancreatic beta-cell death to improve early diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, enroll subjects into clinical trials, and assess treatment response. To address this need, several groups developed assays measuring insulin deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) with unmethylated CpG sites in cell-free DNA. Unmethylated insulin DNA should be derived predominantly from beta-cells and indicate ongoing beta-cell death.

Objective

To assess the performance of three unmethylated insulin DNA assays.

Design and Participants

Plasma or serum samples from 13 subjects undergoing total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation were coded and provided to investigators to measure unmethylated insulin DNA. Samples included a negative control taken post-pancreatectomy but pretransplant, and a positive control taken immediately following islet infusion. We assessed technical reproducibility, linearity, and persistence of detection of unmethylated insulin DNA for each assay.

Results

All assays discriminated between the negative sample and samples taken directly from the islet transplant bag; 2 of 3 discriminated negative samples from those taken immediately after islet infusion. When high levels of unmethylated insulin DNA were present, technical reproducibility was generally good for all assays.

Conclusions

The measurement of beta cell cell-free DNA, including insulin, is a promising approach, warranting further testing and development in those with or at-risk for type 1 diabetes, as well as in other settings where understanding the frequency or kinetics of beta cell death could be useful.
“Body Time”:
Authors: Wentworth Isabelle
Published: January 2020

This article looks at Don DeLillo’s novel The Body Artist through the lens of cognitive literary criticism, unpacking the intersection of time, intersubjectivity, and identity. Building on cognitive linguistic principles, the article’s methodology examines diverse linguistic phenomena from grammatical tense and mood to sound symbolism, ultimately demonstrating the resonances between the thematic trajectory of the novel and the neurophysiological mechanism of temporal synchronization: the unconscious capacity to “catch” the subjective experience of time from other people. Cognizance of this resonance not only deepens our understanding the novel’s thematic trajectory, but offers a new critical framework to examine temporal shifts, and their implications, within narrative and character.
Consequences of HSF knockdown on gene expression during the heat shock response in Tigriopus californicus
Authors: Harada Alice E. , Burton Ronald S.
Published: January 2020

Although the existence of a cellular heat shock response is nearly universal, its relationship to organismal thermal tolerance is not completely understood. Many of the genes involved are known to be regulated by the highly conserved heat shock transcription factor-1 (HSF-1), yet the regulatory network is not fully characterized. Here we investigate the role of HSF-1 in gene expression following thermal stress using knockdown of HSF-1 by RNA interference (RNAi) in the intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus. We observed some evidence for decreased transcription of heat shock protein genes following knockdown, supporting the widely acknowledged role of HSF-1 in the heat shock response. However, the majority of differentially expressed genes between the control and HSF-1 knockdown groups were upregulated, suggesting that HSF-1 normally functions to repress their expression. Differential expression observed in genes related to chitin and cuticle formation lends support to previous findings that these processes are highly regulated following heat stress. We performed a genome scan and identified a set of 396 genes associated with canonical heat shock elements. RNA-seq data did not find those genes to be more highly represented in our HSF-1 knockdown treatment, indicating that requirements for binding and interaction of HSF-1 with a given gene are not simply predicted by the presence of HSF-1 binding sites. Further study of the pathways implicated by these results and future comparisons among populations of T. californicus may help us understand the role and importance of HSF-1 in the heat shock response and, more broadly, in organismal thermal tolerance.
The integration of sensory feedback in the modulation of anuran landing preparation
Authors: Cox S. M. , Gillis G. B.
Published: January 2020

Controlled landing requires preparation. Mammals and bipedal birds vary how they prepare for landing by predicting the timing and magnitude of impact from the integration of visual and non-visual information. Here we explore how an animal that moves primarily through hopping, Rhinella marina, the cane toad, integrates sensory information to modulate landing preparation. Earlier work suggests toads may modulate landing preparation using predictions of impact timing and/or magnitude based on non-visual sensory feedback during takeoff rather than visual cues about the landing itself. Here we disentangled takeoff and landing conditions by hopping toads off platforms of different heights and measured electromyographic (EMG) activity of an elbow extensor, m. anconeus, and used high-speed motion capture to quantify whole body and forelimb kinematics to test how toads integrate visual and non-visual information in landing preparation. We asked two questions: 1) when they conflict, do toads correlate landing preparation with takeoff or landing conditions? And 2) for hops with the same takeoff conditions, does visual information alter the timing of landing preparation? We found that takeoff conditions are a better predictor of the onset of landing preparation than landing conditions, but that visual information is not ignored. When hopping off higher platforms, toads start to prepare for landing later when takeoff conditions are invariant. This suggests that, unlike mammals, toads prioritize non-visual sensory feedback about takeoff conditions to coordinate landing, but that they do integrate visual information to fine-tune landing preparation.
Workload Differentiates Breast Surgical Procedures: NSM Associated with Higher Workload Demand than SSM
Authors: Hallbeck M. Susan , Law Katherine E. , Lowndes Bethany R. , Linden Anna R. , Morrow Melissa , Blocker Renaldo C. , Cain Stephen M. , Degnim Amy C. , Hieken Tina J. , Jakub James W. , Racz Jennifer M. , Farley David R. , Nelson Heidi , Boughey Judy C.
Published: January 2020

Background

Breast surgery has evolved with more focus on improving cosmetic outcomes, which requires increased operative time and technical complexity. Implications of these technical advances in surgery for the surgeon are unclear, but they may increase intraoperative demands, both mentally and physically. We prospectively evaluated mental and physical demand across breast surgery procedures, and compared surgeon ergonomic risk between nipple-sparing (NSM) and skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) using subjective and objective measures.

Methods

From May 2017 to July 2017, breast surgeons completed modified NASA-Task Load Index (TLX) workload surveys after cases. From January 2018 to July 2018, surgeons completed workload surveys and wore inertial measurement units to evaluate their postures during NSM and SSM cases. Mean angles of surgical postures, ergonomic risk, survey items, and patient factors were analyzed.

Results

Procedural duration was moderately related to surgeon frustration, mental and physical demand, and fatigue (p < 0.001). NSMs were rated 23% more physically demanding (M = 13.3, SD = 4.3) and demanded 28% more effort (M = 14.4, SD = 4.6) than SSMs (M = 10.8, SD = 4.7; M = 11.8, SD = 5.0). Incision type was a contributing factor in workload and procedural difficulty. Left arm mean angle was significantly greater for NSM (M = 30.1 degrees, SD = 6.6) than SSMs (M = 18.2 degrees, SD = 4.3). A higher musculoskeletal disorder risk score for the trunk was significantly associated with higher surgeon physical workload (p = 0.02).

Conclusion

Nipple-sparing mastectomy required the highest surgeon-reported workload of all breast procedures, including physical demand and effort. Objective measures identified the surgeons’ left upper arm as being at the greatest risk for a work-related musculoskeletal disorder, specifically from performing NSMs.
Sport-Related Concussion Preceding Adrenal Insufficiency and Hypopituitarism
Authors: Northam Weston T. , Alexander Andrew , Carneiro Kevin
Published: January 2020

A 49-year-old female with history of daily inhaled corticosteroid use for asthma presented to a concussion clinic 7 wk after sport-related head injury with headache, visual blurring, dizziness, nausea, fatigue, polydipsia, and polyuria. Examination revealed difficulty with vestibuloocculomotor testing due to nausea and visual straining. Cranial computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging was unremarkable. Laboratory testing revealed critically low serum cortisol, hypernatremia, and urine studies suggesting diabetes insipidus. The patient was referred to the emergency department. Intravenous fluid resuscitation, corticosteroids, and desmopressin led to significant symptomatic relief. She was maintained on oral hydrocortisone after cosyntropin test revealed adrenal insufficiency. Her clinical picture suggested chronic subclinical adrenal suppression from inhaled corticosteroids which was exacerbated by hypopituitarism from concussion combined with diabetes insipidus. Adrenal insufficiency should be considered in athletes with history of corticosteroid use and endocrine-related symptoms after concussion, because this can create significant morbidity and can mimic traditional symptoms of concussion.
Neuromuscular versus Mechanical Stretch-induced Changes in Contralateral versus Ipsilateral Muscle
Authors: CÈ EMILIANO , CORATELLA GIUSEPPE , BISCONTI ANGELA VALENTINA , VENTURELLI MASSIMO , LIMONTA ELOISA , DORIA CHRISTIAN , RAMPICHINI SUSANNA , LONGO STEFANO , ESPOSITO FABIO
Published: January 2020

Purpose

Whether or not the homologous contralateral muscle (CM) undergoes stretch-induced force reduction as the stretched muscle (SM) is still unclear. The neuromuscular and mechanical factors underlying the force reduction in CM and SM were investigated.

Methods

Twenty-one participants underwent unilateral knee extensors passive stretching. In both CM and SM, before, immediately after (POST), 5 (POST5), and 10 min (POST10) after passive stretching, maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), peak force (pF), and voluntary activation (VA) were measured. During MVC, the electromyographic and mechanomyographic root mean square (EMG RMS and MMG RMS, respectively) was calculated in rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis, together with M-wave. The total electromechanical delay (EMD), divided in time delay (Δt) EMG-MMG and Δt MMG-F was calculated.

Results

In CM at POST, the decrease in MVC (−11%; 95% confidence interval [CI], −13 to −9; effect size [ES], −2.27) was accompanied by a fall in VA (−7%; 95% CI, −9 to −4; ES, −2.29), EMG RMS (range, −22% to −11%; ES, −3.92 to −2.25), MMG RMS (range, −10% to −8%; ES, −0.52 to −0.39) and an increase in Δt EMG-MMG (≈+10%; ES, 0.73 to 0.93). All changes returned to baseline at POST5. In SM, decrease in MVC (−19%; 95% CI, −24 to −18; ES, −3.08), pF (−25%; 95% CI, −28 to −22; ES, −4.90), VA (−10%; 95% CI, −11 to −9; ES, −5.71), EMG RMS (≈−33%; ES, −5.23 to −3.22) and rise in MMG RMS (range, +25% to +32%; ES, 4.21 to 4.98) and EMD (≈+28%; ES, 1.59 to 1.77) were observed at POST and persisted at POST10. No change in M-wave occurred.

Conclusions

The contralateral central motor drive stretch-induced inhibition seems to account for the force reduction in CM. In SM, both central inhibition and mechanical factors concurred.
A new respiratory monitor system for four-dimensional computed tomography by measuring the pressure change on the back of body
Authors: Zhang Xianwen , Tang Jintian , Sharp Gregory C. , Xiao Lei , Xu Shouping , Lu Hsiao-Ming
Published: January 2020

Objective:

A novel respiratory monitoring method based on the periodical pressure change on the patient’s back was proposed and assessed by applying to four-dimensional CT (4DCT) scanning.

Methods:

A pressure-based respiratory monitoring system is developed and validated by comparing to real-time position management (RPM) system. The pressure change and the RPM signal are compared with phase differences and correlations calculated. The 4DCT images are reconstructed by these two signals. Internal and skin artifacts due to mismatch between CT slices and respiratory phases are evaluated.

Results:

The pressure and RPM signals shows strong consistency (R = 0.68±0.19 (1SD)). The time shift is 0.26 ± 0.51 (1SD) s and the difference of breath cycle is 0.02 ± 0.17 (1SD) s. The quality of 4DCT images reconstructed by two signals is similar. For both methods, the number of patients with artifacts is eight and the maximum magnitudes of artifacts are 20 mm (internal) and 10 mm (skin). The average magnitudes are 8.8 mm (pressure) and 8.2 mm (RPM) for internal artifacts, and 5.2 mm (pressure) and 4.6 mm (RPM) for skin artifacts. The mean square gray value difference shows no significant difference (p = 0.52).

Conclusion:

The pressure signal provides qualified results for respiratory monitoring in 4DCT scanning, demonstrating its potential application for respiration monitoring in radiotherapy.

Advances in knowledge:

Pressure change on the back of body is a novel and promising method to monitor respiration in radiotherapy, which may improve treatment comfort and provide more information about respiration and body movement.
Sonoarthrographic examination of posterior labrocapsular structures of the shoulder joint
Authors: Ogul Hayri , Tas Nurmuhammet , Ay Mutlu , Kose Mehmet , Kantarci Mecit
Published: January 2020

Objective:

To describe the posterior labral lesions and labrocapsular abnormalities of the shoulder on sonoarthrography and to compare these findings with MR arthrography results.

Methods:

82 shoulders were initially evaluated with ultrasonography and MRI and then were examined with sonoarthrography and MR arthrography following intraarticular injection of diluted gadolinium solution. The ultrasonography images were prospectively evaluated for the presence of posterior labral tear, sublabral cleft, and posterior capsular abnormalities by two radiologists. The diagnostic accuracy of sonoarthrography in the detection of posterior labral tears and posterior labrocapsular variants was compared with that of MR arthrography.

Results:

In sonoarthrographic examinations of 82 shoulders, 5 and 6 posterior labral tears were identified by Observer 1 and 2, respectively. Moreover, 6 and 7 posterior sublabral clefts, and 2 and 3 posterior synovial folds were identified by Observer 1 and 2, respectively. All the 82 patients were examined with MR arthrography; however, only 14 patients underwent arthroscopic examination. No significant difference was found among the 82 patients with regard to age, gender, and the prevalence of posterior labral tear, posterior labral cleft, and posterior synovial fold (p > 0.05). Interobserver variability showed substantial agreement between the sonoarthrographic and MR arthrographic results of the posterior labrocapsular structures (κ = 0.71, p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Posterior labral tears and posterior synovial folds of the shoulder joint can be evaluated non-invasively by sonoarthrography.

Advances in knowledge:

Variations and pathologies of posterior labrocapsular structures of the glenohumeral joint are relatively uncommon.

Direct (MR) arthrography is the gold-standard imaging modality to evaluate of posterior labrocapsular abnormalities of the glenohumeral joint.

Sonoarthrography of the glenohumeral joint may be utilized in clinical practice in patients with contraindications to (MRI).
Saúde e doença em aldeias Guarani: lidando com emoções
Authors: Pissolato Elizabeth
Published: January 2020

Este artigo toma por base a etnografia contemporânea sobre grupos Guarani e propõe uma abordagem das relações de parentesco e das emoções nos termos de constantes e complexas negociações intersubjetivas voltadas à produção de saúde e do estado referido como “estar alegre” (-vy’ a). A ética do cuidado entre parentes define-se aqui pela produção de bembem-estar e disponibilização de habilidades de cura e evitação de processos agressivos (doença). Por outro lado, a lida com as emoções conecta-se diretamente com práticas de mudança residencial adotadas pelas pessoas quando não se sentem mais “alegres” ou suspeitam de agressões originadas no contexto em que vivem. Um jogo complexo que articula a percepção sobre as próprias aflições e impressões ou suspeitas quanto aos sentimentos e disposições de  outras pessoas entra em cena, permitindo-nos uma abordagem das emoções como “estados intersubjetivos”, mastambém com implicações éticas e inscritas no social.
Objetos Não Identificados: Tropicalismo e Pós-Modernismo no Brasil dos Anos 1960
Authors: Di Carlo Josnei
Published: January 2020

Quando a Tropicália irrompeu na cena musical em 1967, Mário Pedrosa era um crítico de arte influente. Em 1966, ao constatar o esgotamento da arte moderna, Pedrosa afirma que um novo ciclo cultural se iniciava – o da arte pós-moderna. Reconstruindo esse conceito, investigaremos se a intervenção de Caetano Veloso e Gilberto Gil no III Festival de Música Popular Brasileira pode ser considerada uma manifestação do pós-modernismo. A hipótese é que os motivos da arte pós-moderna identificados por Pedrosa estão presentes na Tropicália.
Páginas iniciais
Authors: Revista de Estudos Interdisciplinares Interseções
Published: January 2020

Páginas iniciais
Escrita conjunta: participação, negociação e escolhas no processo de construção de uma resenha acadêmica
Authors: Pereira Márcia Helena De Melo , Prado Anne Carolline Dias Rocha
Published: January 2020

Em toda sua obra, Mikhail Bakhtin evidencia a importância do outro na comunicação discursiva. Segundo o autor, todas as manifestações e relações da vida humana são atravessadas por relações dialógicas e a linguagem só existe na comunicação dialógica entre um eu e um outro, um falante e um ouvinte. Para ele, o outro é quem orienta a enunciação, pois as escolhas linguísticas dos interlocutores são feitas sob influência do destinatário e sua resposta antecipada. Trata-se da perspectiva dialógica da linguagem, cerne de toda discussão empreendida por Bakhtin (2011a; 2011b; 2011c; 2014; 2018). É a partir dela que buscaremos, neste artigo, compreender como acontece a escrita conjunta no processo de construção de uma resenha acadêmica escrita por duas duplas de estudantes universitários, observando as estratégias de negociação utilizadas, as escolhas linguísticas que fazem e a participação efetiva de cada indivíduo durante a produção textual, com vistas a verificar de que maneira um influencia o outro nesse processo. De modo geral, o que nossas análises mostraram é que a escrita conjunta só acontece efetivamente quando há contribuição, participação e escolhas de todas as partes, ainda que uma delas sobressaia em relação a outra.
O efeito das emoções na interpretação racional
Authors: Santos Sebastião Lourenço
Published: January 2020

O estudo do efeito da razão e das emoções na interpretação humana pelo viés pragmático se justifica pelo fato de que no âmbito das ciências cognitivas – em particular as que fazem aproximações entre o papel da psicologia das emoções na atuação dos mecanismos racionais que operam sobre a interpretação humana – as investigações que envolvem o uso da linguagem consignada às emoções ainda serem bastante tímidas. Tomando como referência a Teoria da Relevância (SPERBER; WILSON, 2001), emparelhada aos estudos de Damásio (1994), o objetivo deste estudo é advogar em favor de uma integração mental que congrega razão, emoções na interpretação discursiva. A motivação que norteia o estudo parte do pressuposto de que na interpretação de enunciados conversacionais, o efeito do significado interpretado não é produto só da razão, mas é também, em alguma medida, afetado pelas emoções e sentimentos. O corpus que subsidia o estudo compõe-se da entrevista de um candidato à presidência da república brasileira no pleito 2018.
As emoções em Libras: uma análise da conversa entre Youtubers
Authors: Souza Isabelle A. L. , Pereira Maria das Graças Dias
Published: January 2020

As emoções fazem parte da vida social, e podem ser analisadas discursivamente através de práticas sociais. Os sentimentos são inerentes a todos os seres humanos, mas as formas como eles expressam ou significam os sentimentos nas relações sociais são sensíveis ao contexto situacional e sócio-cultural. O presenta estudo analisa as emoções na interação, no contexto da rede social, na interação em Libras entre um surdo e uma ouvinte. O objetivo consiste em demonstrar a coconstrução das emoções enquanto fabricação dos sentimentos na situação analisada. A pesquisa é qualitativa, na perspectiva da Análise da Conversa, de natureza multimodal. Na abordagem teórica, foram utilizados estudos sobre o humor, a ironia e accounts. Como procedimento de geração e análise dos dados, foram desenvolvidas tradução/transcrição do vídeo disponível no Canal Youtube. A partir da análise, compreendemos que o humor e a ironia foram expostos accounts e como estratégia sócio interacional para autopreservação da imagem e defender a face de perguntas provocar uma situação embaraçosa e constrangedora.
Robotic-assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty has a greater early functional outcome when compared to manual total knee arthroplasty for isolated medial compartment arthritis
Authors: Clement Nicholas D. , Bell Allison , Simpson Philip , Macpherson Gavin , Patton James T. , Hamilton David F.
Published: January 2020

Aims

The primary aim of the study was to compare the knee-specific functional outcome of robotic unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (rUKA) with manual total knee arthroplasty (mTKA) for the management of isolated medial compartment osteoarthritis. Secondary aims were to compare length of hospital stay, general health improvement, and satisfaction between rUKA and mTKA.

Methods

A powered (1:3 ratio) cohort study was performed. A total of 30 patients undergoing rUKA were propensity score matched to 90 patients undergoing mTKA for isolated medial compartment arthritis. Patients were matched for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and preoperative function. The Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D) were collected preoperatively and six months postoperatively. The Forgotten Joint Score (FJS) and patient satisfaction were collected six months postoperatively. Length of hospital stay was also recorded.

Results

There were no significant differences in the preoperative demographics (p ⩾ 0.150) or function (p ⩾ 0.230) between the groups. The six-month OKS was significantly greater in the rUKA group when compared with the mTKA group (difference 7.7, p < 0.001). There was also a greater six-month postoperative EQ-5D (difference 0.148, p = 0.002) and FJS (difference 24.2, p < 0.001) for the rUKA when compared to the mTKA. No patient was dissatisfied in the rUKA group and five (6%) were dissatisfied in the mTKA, but this was not significant (p = 0.210). Length of stay was significantly (p < 0.001) shorter in the rUKA group (median two days, interquartile range (IQR) 1 to 3) compared to the mTKA (median four days, IQR 3 to 5).

Conclusion

Patients with isolated medial compartment arthritis had a greater knee-specific functional outcome and generic health with a shorter length of hospital stay after rUKA when compared to mTKA. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2019;9(1):15–22.
Optimization Modeling Analysis for Grain Harvesting Management
Authors: Lin Tao , Liao Wei-Ting , Rodríguez Luis F. , Shastri Yogendra N. , Ouyang Yangfeng , Tumbleson M. E. , Ting K. C.
Published: January 2020

Highlights

An optimization model, called BioGrain, was developed to optimize grain harvesting decisions.

The results highlight the tradeoffs between grain losses and drying costs for profit maximization.

The optimization model can provide decision support for individual farms in different regions.

Abstract. Appropriate farm management practices can improve agricultural productivity and reduce grain losses. An optimization model, called BioGrain, was developed to maximize farmers’ profits by optimizing critical grain harvesting decisions including agricultural machinery selection and harvesting schedules. This model was applied to 18 representative farms of varied sizes in Illinois, Iowa, and Minnesota. Our optimization showed that understanding crop moisture dynamics is critical for maximizing profits at the farm scale. Our results highlight the tradeoffs between grain losses and drying costs when considering profit maximization. By optimizing harvesting dates and machinery size, large farms can reduce the grain loss rate to 10%, and small farms can achieve a 5% grain loss rate. Large farms outperformed small farms on unit profits despite their higher grain loss rate. The model considers both revenue and cost related factors in harvesting decisions and quantifies the tradeoffs among corn yield, drying, and equipment selection. The model can be used to provide decision support for individual farms in different regions considering their local crop and market information. Keywords: Grain losses, Harvesting schedule, Machinery selection, Optimization, Profits.
Quantifying Nitrate Dynamics of a Confluence Floodplain Wetland in a Disturbed Appalachian Watershed: High-Resolution Sensing and Modeling
Authors: Jensen Alexandria K. , Ford William I.
Published: January 2020

Floodplain wetlands often form at confluences of main river channels and small, low-order tributary streams, yet their impact on nutrient removal and downstream loading is poorly understood. We coupled high-resolution water quality data with deterministic numerical modeling of hydrologic, hydraulic, and biochemical processes impacting nitrate fate and transport in a confluence floodplain wetland along the Ohio River from June 2017 to May 2018. The modeling results were used to quantify loading from a disturbed forested watershed (Fourpole Creek watershed) and the nitrate removal capacity of the wetland. Loading from the Fourpole Creek watershed to the wetland was on the same order of magnitude of other disturbed forested systems on an annual basis (3.6 kg N ha-1 year-1); however, the timing of peak nitrate loading and concentration from the tributary was associated with high flow conditions, contrasting with the timing of loadings typical of disturbed forested landscapes. Our results show that coupling the model with high-resolution data allowed us to estimate removal rates in the wetland, suggesting that 2.6% to 58.5% (optimally 12.7%) of nitrate was removed on an annual basis, despite the wetland comprising only 0.42% of the overall drainage area. We found that increasing inundation of the wetland confluence promoted enhanced residence times of stormflows and was the most important driver of nitrate removal rate and loading, with peak wetland inundation periods representing 26% of the removal load but occurring only 9% of the time. The findings of this study highlight the importance of using high-resolution data-model integration to quantify nutrient dynamics in complex landscapes, identifies the significance of connectivity of watershed nitrate loadings to floodplain wetland soils, and highlights the importance that these features will have in the future, given the enhanced potential for harmful algal blooms in the Ohio River. Keywords: Confluence floodplain wetlands, High-resolution water quality data, Nitrate fate and transport modeling, Nitrate loading, Wetland nitrate removal.
Measurements and Comparative Air Quality Analysis of a Goat Farm Operation
Authors: Howard Arndreya , Botlaguduru Venkata S. V. , Du Hongbo , Kommalapati Raghava R. , Huque Ziaul
Published: January 2020

Air pollutants such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), methane, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are harmful to the respiratory systems of humans and animals. Livestock facilities have been documented as a major source of dangerous air pollutants; however, there is a lack of data on the emissions from goat farms. This study investigated a goat farm in Texas to evaluate the emission levels and determine the correlation of meteorological conditions with these pollutants. Two locations on the goat farm were selected for monitoring: inside a goat barn, and at a manure lagoon. The monitoring campaign was conducted over a 53-day period during winter and summer seasons. Carbon dioxide, ozone, nitrous oxide, ammonia, PM10, PM2.5, hydrogen sulfide, methane, and VOCs were measured to determine hourly average concentrations using chemiluminescent instruments. An analysis of meteorological conditions using multiple regression was conducted to investigate probable correlations between emission rates and characteristic climate data, such as temperature, humidity, barometric pressure, and solar radiation. Particle size distributions of PM10 and PM2.5 were evaluated for the two monitoring locations during the different seasons to determine the typical particle diameter and the impact of season on particle diameter. The highest emission rate of 364.4 ±50 g m-2 d-1 occurred at the manure lagoon for methane, which contributed the most to the overall emissions at this animal operation. The regression results for the manure lagoon had the highest positive correlations for ozone with temperature and solar radiation. The outdoor meteorological conditions had the most significant influence on pollutants at both locations. Therefore, meteorological conditions are instrumental in the intensity of the air pollutants found on animal farms. The particle diameters ranged from 0.1 to 6.0 µm in the goat barn and from 0.3 to 1.0 µm at the manure lagoon. Even though moderate levels of emissions were monitored at this facility, the emissions from the goat farm do not pose a risk to human health and do not significantly impact the ambient air quality when compared to other livestock facilities.

Highlights

Emissions from a goat farm were measured inside a goat barn and at a manure lagoon over summer and winter seasons.

The highest methane emission rate of 364.4 ±50 g m-2 d-1 occurred at the manure lagoon during summer.

Meteorological conditions significantly influenced emissions at both locations, especially for O3 at the manure lagoon.

Emissions from goat farm operations are much lower than those from cow, swine, and chicken farm operations. Keywords: Air quality, Ammonia, Emissions, Goat farm, Methane, Multiple regression analysis.
Performance, Energy, and Product Quality Aspects of a Modified Pneumatic Dryer for Rapid Drying of High-Moisture Paddy
Authors: Nimmol Chatchai
Published: January 2020

The application of surface roughness on the drying column was combined with a multipass drying concept (first-pass and second-pass drying) to improve the performance and energy utilization of a conventional pneumatic dryer during rapid drying of high-moisture paddy. The surface roughness on the drying column was characterized by the ratio of the corrugated surface length (C) to the total length (L) of the column (i.e., C/L). The effects of drying temperature (120°C, 150°C, and 180°C) and C/L value (0, 0.5, and 1.0) on the dryer performance, energy utilization of the drying process, and rice milling quality were determined. The drying column with a higher C/L value had higher potential for improving the dryer performance and energy utilization of the drying process. For first-pass drying, a drying column with C/L values of 0.5 and 1.0 could reduce energy consumption by 14% to 17% and by 41% to 44%, respectively, compared with a column without a corrugated surface (C/L = 0). However, for second-pass drying, the drying system that used a drying column with a corrugated surface consumed more energy. The moisture content reduction of paddy could also be significantly increased after second-pass drying. For both first-pass and second-pass drying, a higher drying temperature and higher C/L value resulted in a lower head rice yield from the milled rice, while the effects of drying temperature and C/L value on the whiteness value of the milled rice were found to be insignificant.

Highlights

Characteristics of the drying column had more significant effects on the dryer performance and energy utilization than the drying temperature.

A drying column with C/L = 1 (totally corrugated surface) showed significant potential for increasing the dryer performance and energy utilization of the drying process.

A drying column with a higher C/L value may not be necessary for paddy with a small amount of surface moisture.

Multipass drying of paddy using a pneumatic dryer is not suggested due to the significant reduction in head rice yield. Keywords: Drying column, Energy utilization, Milling quality, Multipass drying, Pneumatic dryer, Surface roughness.
A Precision Irrigation Model Using Hybrid Automata
Authors: Lozoya Camilo , Favela-Contreras Antonio , Aguilar-Gonzalez Alberto , Orona Luis
Published: January 2020

Highlights

Control theory applied to precision irrigation reduces water consumption and improves crop productivity.

A model-based control using hybrid automata is proposed to describe soil, crop, and weather dynamics.

The model was developed and validated with experimental data from a grass irrigation process.

The proposed model can be used to develop robust and real-time control algorithms to improve irrigation systems.

Abstract. Closed-loop control for precision irrigation represents an effective method to provide water savings in this resource-intensive activity. Typically, implementation of these systems uses an on-off control approach with soil moisture as the feedback variable. In these cases, no process modeling is required due to the simplicity of the implemented control algorithm. However, the amount of water consumed by irrigation globally presents an interesting application area for the control discipline. Therefore, to obtain greater water savings and to improve crop productivity through control theory, an irrigation model is required that integrates the three main elements in the irrigation process: soil, crop, and weather. This article proposes a hybrid automata model for a closed-loop irrigation system applied to a grass-covered area. The main measured variables used to represent the process dynamics are soil moisture, vegetation index, and evapotranspiration. The hybrid automata approach allows a complex system to be modeled as a finite state machine in which there is a specific linear model for each state. When certain conditions are met, the system transitions from one state to another, and the new behavior is represented by a different linear model. To develop the proposed model, experimental data were obtained from an irrigation process, the data were analyzed to produce a model using the hybrid automata approach, and finally the model was validated with a new set of measured data. Keywords: Closed-loop irrigation, Evapotranspiration, Hybrid automata, NDVI, Precision irrigation modeling.
Seasonal and Intra-Event Nutrient Levels in Farmed Prairie Potholes of the Des Moines Lobe
Authors: Martin Alexander R. , Soupir Michelle L. , Kaleita Amy L.
Published: January 2020

Highlights

Nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total suspended solids concentrations were higher in early season inundation.

Nitrate concentrations in farmed potholes decreased with multiday ponding.

Farmed potholes act as hotspots, contributing P to drainage through surface intakes.

Abstract. The prairie pothole region ranges from central Iowa to the northwest into Montana and south-central Canada, totaling around 700,000 km2. This area contains millions of potholes, or enclosed topographical depressions, which often inundate with rainfall. Many are located in areas that have been converted to agricultural land through installation of artificial drainage. However, even with drainage, potholes pond or remain saturated during and after significant rain events. In this two-year study, surface water depth was collected hourly (typically from after planting through harvest) from eight farmed potholes (drained and under corn-soybean rotation) on the Des Moines Lobe in central Iowa. Nutrient data were collected daily and tested for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) when inundation depth exceeded 10 cm. The data were analyzed in two ways. First, seasonal differences were investigated using samples from the first day of each inundation event. Surface water concentrations were higher in the early growing season than late season for total N (TN), NO3-N, NH3-N, total P (TP), and total suspended solids (TSS). Secondly, average event concentration changes were determined. Nitrate reductions occurred in 85% of multiday events, but these reductions were offset by increases in P. Total P and dissolved reactive P (DRP) had significant increases that averaged 0.51 and 0.46 mg L-1 per event, respectively, with event lengths of 2 to 19 days. This study demonstrates that inundated farmed potholes reduce NO3-N but serve as in-field hotspots, contributing elevated TP and DRP to drainage waters. When a surface intake directly connects inundated farmed potholes to drainage, new strategies, such as field management or engineered technologies, are needed to mitigate P export. This study is useful in informing policy regarding field management and conservation of farmed potholes. Keywords: Farmed wetland, Nitrogen, Nutrients, Phosphorus, Prairie pothole.
Drift of Droplets from Air-Induction Nozzles
Authors: Post Scott L.
Published: January 2020

For more than 20 years, air-induction or air-inclusion (AI) nozzles have had increased use for pesticide application due to their drift reduction capabilities. The pressure drop created by the pre-orifice and the venturi chamber results in a slower-moving liquid sheet exiting the main orifice, which in turn results in larger droplet sizes, which are less prone to drift. However, two additional factors somewhat mitigate the advantage of larger droplets from AI nozzles: the lower initial spray jet momentum from AI nozzles (compared to standard nozzles of the same flow rating at the same pressure) means that droplets from AI nozzles are more affected by lateral crosswind, and the lower effective liquid density of droplets from AI nozzles due to the presence of air inclusions means that AI droplets are more affected by aerodynamic drag than pure liquid droplets of comparable sizes from standard nozzles. In this work, theoretical and numerical models are developed to quantify these effects and develop tools for accurate drift prediction from sprayers using AI nozzles. The reduction in spray density due to the presence of air inclusions is in the range of 12% to 36%. This reduction in density affects the aerodynamic drift of the spray droplets, with the result that a droplet with 30% air inclusions would have the drift characteristics of a normal droplet with 20% smaller diameter.

Highlights

Sprays from air induction (AI) nozzles typically contain 12% to 36% air inclusions by volume.

A droplet with 30% air inclusions would have the same drift characteristics as a water droplet of 20% smaller diameter.

An analytical model is developed to predict the drift distances of small droplets. Keywords: Air induction, Droplet size, Nozzles, Pesticides, Sprayers.