bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative sociolinguistic perspectives on the rate of linguistic change
Authors: Nevalainen Terttu , Säily Tanja , Vartiainen Turo
Published: October 2020

This issue of the Journal of Historical Sociolinguistics aims to contribute to our understanding of language change in real time by presenting a group of articles particularly focused on social and sociocultural factors underlying language diversification and change. By analysing data from a varied set of languages, including Greek, English, and the Finnic and Mongolic language families, and mainly focussing their investigation on the Middle Ages, the authors connect various social and cultural factors with the specific topic of the issue, the rate of linguistic change. The sociolinguistic themes addressed include community and population size, conflict and conquest, migration and mobility, bi- and multilingualism, diglossia and standardization. In this introduction, the field of comparative historical sociolinguistics is considered a cross-disciplinary enterprise with a sociolinguistic agenda at the crossroads of contact linguistics, historical comparative linguistics and linguistic typology.
Open-Circuit Voltage Comes from Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics
Authors: del Olmo Diego , Pavelka Michal , Kosek Juraj
Published: October 2020

Originally derived by Walther Nernst more than a century ago, the Nernst equation for the open-circuit voltage is a cornerstone in the analysis of electrochemical systems. Unfortunately, the assumptions behind its derivation are often overlooked in the literature, leading to incorrect forms of the equation when applied to complex systems (for example, those with ion-exchange membranes or involving mixed potentials). Such flaws can be avoided by applying a correct thermodynamic derivation independently of the form in which the electrochemical reactions are written. The proper derivation of the Nernst equation becomes important, for instance, in modeling of vanadium redox flow batteries or zinc-air batteries. The rigorous path towards the Nernst equation derivation starts in non-equilibrium thermodynamics.
The syntax of the Latin presentative adverbecce: Relation to focus phrase
Authors: Bonilla Carvajal Camilo Andrés
Published: October 2020

This paper provides an analysis of the variables that determine the syntactic distribution ofecce, a presentative adverb in Latin. Traditionally, grammarians have simply regardedecceas an adverb (similar tohere) or an interjection (similar tohey!) but this lexicographic view misses important syntactic phenomena. For example, adverbs in Latin can follow subjects, buteccecannot. Interjections can be used as single words to express surprise, butecce, as a presentative, is never used in the absence of a following determiner phrase (DP). Two corpora of almost seven million Latin words ranging from ∼200 BCE to 1800 CE were analyzed for instances ofecce. Adopting a cartographic approach, results suggest thatecce, as a presentative, is base-generated in the head of a Focus phrase (FocP) projection in the matrix clause. This is confirmed through its consistent precedence of subjects, scope over left-dislocated constituents in [Spec, FocP], and its ungrammaticality in the embedded domain. This study brings to light several theoretical implications for the under-studied category of presentatives by showing how discourse and hierarchical properties license the use ofecceand restrict its contexts of use.
Individual differences in intra-speaker variation: t-glottalling in England and Scotland
Authors: Schleef Erik
Published: October 2020

This paper explores stylistic variation in the use of word-medial and word-final released and glottalled /t/ in London and Edinburgh. Specifically, it investigates the extent to which the social salience of a linguistic feature constrains individual differences in the degree and direction of intra-individual variation. Variation in the social salience of t-glottalling is explored in two linguistic contexts: word-medially, where it is high in London and somewhat lower in Edinburgh, and word-finally, where it is lower than in medial position in both places. Data is based on paired sociolinguistic interviews of 24 London-born adolescents and 21 Edinburgh-born adolescents. Results suggest that while style-shifting norms from speech to reading differ between London and Edinburgh adolescents, they are similar within the communities. However, there are many individual differences in the degree and direction of style-shifting and the latter are more pronounced in final position, where the social salience is weaker. There is also a somewhat large number of Edinburgh adolescents who diverge from the majority norm in medial position and who do not style-shift at all.
Evaluating the appropriacy of Ritual Frame Indicating Expressions (RFIEs): A case study of learners of Chinese and English
Authors: House Juliane , Kádár Dániel Z.
Published: October 2020

This paper investigates the evaluation of ritual frame indicating expressions (RFIEs) in two groups of L2 learners: British English learners of Chinese and Mainland Chinese learners of English. RFIEs are expressions by means of which speakers confirm their awareness of rights and obligations in a particular standard situation. Previous research in applied linguistics has largely ignored the production and evaluation of such forms, despite the fact that they are pragmatically-loaded and, as such, are very important for the development of the (meta)pragmatic competence of L2 learners. In our study, we have conducted an experiment in which we exposed our learners to both authentic and constructed uses of RFIEs. The evaluation of their (meta)pragmatic competence has revealed notable linguacultural differences between the two groups of L2 learners.
Two-dimensional spectroscopy on a THz quantum cascade structure
Authors: Markmann Sergej , Franckié Martin , Pal Shovon , Stark David , Beck Mattias , Fiebig Manfred , Scalari Giacomo , Faist Jérôme
Published: October 2020

Understanding and controlling the nonlinear optical properties and coherent quantum evolution of complex multilevel systems out of equilibrium is essential for the new semiconductor device generation. In this work, we investigate the nonlinear system properties of an unbiased quantum cascade structure by performing two-dimensional THz spectroscopy. We study the time-resolved coherent quantum evolution after it is driven far from equilibrium by strong THz pulses and demonstrate the existence of multiple nonlinear signals originating from the engineered subbands and find the lifetimes of those states to be in the order of 4–8 ps. Moreover, we observe a coherent population exchange among the first four intersubband levels during the relaxation, which have been confirmed with our simulation. We model the experimental results with a time-resolved density matrix based on the master equation in Lindblad form, including both coherent and incoherent transitions between all density matrix elements. This allows us to replicate qualitatively the experimental observations and provides access to their microscopic origin.
Evidentiality of court judgments in the People’s Republic of China: A semiotic perspective
Authors: Wu Jingjing , Cheng Le
Published: October 2020

Human cognition affects the result of symbolic activity. Evidentiality is a linguistic concept which encodes the source of information and expresses the attitude and confidence of speaker. This paper collects 31 judgments from the Supreme People’s Court (SPC) and local people’s courts in the People’s Republic of China (P.R.C) as the research corpus, and analyzes the evidentiality in four aspects: information source, lingual form, evidential function and speaker’s attitude of the information. It is found in this study that: 1) The information sources are divided into four types as cultural belief, sensory experience, verbal rumor and inferential hypothesis; 2) Lingual form consists of three categories: vocabulary, phrase and compound sentence; 3) Evidentiality in court judgments performs four functions: support with citation, induction with description, paraphrase with less responsibility and summarization with reasoning; 4) The reliability of evidentiality presents a two-tier structure based on different information sources. From the perspective of Peirce’s semiotics, the paper analyzes the judicial practice of court judgments with actual data and proposes some suggestions.
The past is not a foreign country: mapping past and present in two medieval Irish texts
Authors: Künzler Sarah
Published: October 2020

Irland ist reich an prähistorischen und mittelalterlichen Monumentalstätten. Diese sind in der mittelalterlichen irischen Literatur oft mit Konzeptionen verschiedener Vergangenheitsvorstellungen verbunden. Der vorliegende Aufsatz präsentiert close readings zweier Texte, des Félire Oengusso Céli Dé (ca. 800 AD) und des Acallam na Senórach (13. Jahrhundert). Die Analyse skizziert narrativ-kognitive geographies of power, die im Zusammenhang mit Monumentalstätten stehen, analysiert deren dezidiert temporale Elemente und zeigt alternative literaturanalytische Zugänge auf. Besonders beachtet werden die komplexen Beziehungen von christlichen und vorchristlichen Stätten und die narrativen Strategien vormoderner Texte, kulturelle Identität sowohl räumlich als auch zeitlich zu verankern.
Elaeocarpus floribundus Bl. seeds as a new source of bioactive compounds with promising antioxidant and antimicrobial properties
Authors: Ogundele Ayorinde V. , Haldar Saikat , Yadav Archana , Das Archana M.
Published: October 2020

The fruits of Elaeocarpus floribundus Bl. (Elaeocarpaceae) are edible and are normally prescribed for treatment of diseases. The medicinal uses of the fruit create considerable quantities of seeds as wastes. In an attempt to valorise this biomass, we studied the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the ethanolic seed extract. The extract inhibited the growth of the tested pathogens and was also a very strong scavenger of DPPH free radicals. Consequently, the extract was phytochemically investigated and this study reports the initial isolation of five phenolic compounds from this source. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by spectra analyses including HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR experiments. The isolated compounds exhibited a wide range of antimicrobial activities against the tested pathogens. Gallic acid (4) showed the most activity against Bacillus subtilis with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 30 µg/mL, while the MIC values of the antimicrobial standards range between 10 and 35 µg/mL. Compound 4, crude ethanolic extract, and the ethyl acetate fraction were more a potent free radical scavenger of DPPH compared to ascorbic acid. Hence, the seeds of E. floribundus could be considered as a new source of bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical and food-related industries.
THERAPY OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Endocrine-metabolic effects of treatment with multikinase inhibitors
Authors: Fallahi Poupak , Ferrari Silvia Martina , Elia Giusy , Ragusa Francesca , Paparo Sabrina Rosaria , Camastra Stefania , Mazzi Valeria , Miccoli Mario , Benvenga Salvatore , Antonelli Alessandro
Published: October 2020

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are emerging as potentially effective options in the treatment of cancer, acting on the pathways involved in growth, avoidance of apoptosis, invasiveness, angiogenesis, and local and distant spread. TKIs induce significant adverse effects, that can negatively affect patients’ quality of life. The most common adverse events (AEs) include fatigue, hand–foot skin reaction, decreased appetite, nausea, diarrhea, hypertension, vomiting, weight loss, endocrinopaties and metabolic disorders. Patients in therapy with TKIs can develop endocrine-metabolic disorders, including dyslipidemia (~50%), diabetes (~15–40%), and dysthyroidism (~20%). In some cases, patients show an improved glycemia or hypoglycemia. The effects of TKIs on adrenal or gonadal function are still not completely known. It was shown a higher prevalence of subclinical hypocortisolism in patients treated with imatinib, while an increase of cortisol was reported in patients receiving vandetanib. Long-term treatment with imatinib could impact significantly the ovarian reserve and embryo developmental capacity. It is important to evaluate patients, measure glucose levels, and manage hyperglycemia. Mild treatment-related hyperglycemia can be controlled modifying the diet and with exercise, while grade 3 and 4 hyperglycemia can lead to dose reductions and/or oral antihyperglycemic therapy. Regarding thyroid dysfunctions, it is recommendable to measure the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)/free thyroxine (FT4) levels before starting the therapy, and every 3–4 weeks during the first 6 months as changes in FT4 levels precede the changes in TSH by 3–6 weeks. Additional studies are necessary to definitely clarify the mechanism of TKIs-induced endocrine-metabolic effects.
Health status is related to testosterone, estrone and body fat: moving to functional hypogonadism in adult men with HIV
Authors: De Vincentis Sara , Decaroli Maria Chiara , Fanelli Flaminia , Diazzi Chiara , Mezzullo Marco , Morini Fabio , Bertani Davide , Milic Jovana , Carli Federica , Cuomo Gianluca , Santi Daniele , Tartaro Giulia , Tagliavini Simonetta , De Santis Maria Cristina , Roli Laura , Trenti Tommaso , Pagotto Uberto , Guaraldi Giovanni , Rochira Vincenzo
Published: October 2020

Objective

Hypogonadism is common in HIV-infected men. The relationship between health status, sex steroids and body composition is poorly known in HIV. The aim was to investigate the association between health status (comorbidities/frailty), body composition, and gonadal function in young-to-middle-aged HIV-infected men.

Design

Prospective, cross-sectional, observational study.

Methods

HIV-infected men aged <50 years and ongoing Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy were enrolled. Serum total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2), estrone (E1) were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LH and FSH by immunoassay. Free testosterone (cFT) was calculated by Vermeulen equation. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and abdominal CT scan. Multimorbidity (MM) and frailty were defined as ≥3 comorbidities and by a 37-item index, respectively.

Results

A total of 316 HIV-infected men aged 45.3 ± 5.3 years were enrolled. Body fat parameters were inversely related to cFT and TT, and directly related to E1 and E2/testosterone (TS) ratio. Patients with MM had lower cFT (P < 0.0001) and TT (P = 0.036), and higher E1 (P < 0.0001) and E2/TS ratio (P = 0.002). Frailty was inversely related to cFT (R2 = 0.057, P < 0.0001) and TT (R2 = 0.013, P = 0.043), and directly related to E1 (R2 = 0.171, P < 0.0001), E2 (R2 = 0.041, P = 0.004) and E2/TS ratio (R2 = 0.104, P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Lower TT and cFT, higher E1, E2/TS ratio and visceral fat were independently associated to poor health status and frailty, being possible hallmarks of unhealthy conditions in adult HIV-infected men. Overall, MM, frailty and body fat mass are strictly associated to each other and to sex steroids, concurring together to functional male hypogonadism in HIV.
Aging, senescence and mitochondria: the PGC-1/ERR axis
Authors: Vernier Mathieu , Giguère Vincent
Published: October 2020

Aging is a degenerative process that results from the accumulation of cellular and tissue lesions, leading progressively to organ dysfunction and death. Although the biological basis of human aging remains unclear, a large amount of data points to deregulated mitochondrial function as a central regulator of this process. Mounting years of research on aging support the notion that the engendered age-related decline of mitochondria is associated with alterations in key pathways that regulate mitochondrial biology. Particularly, several studies in the last decade have emphasized the importance of the estrogen-related receptor (ERR) family of nuclear receptors, master regulators of mitochondrial function, and their transcriptional coactivators PGC-1s in this context. In this review, we summarize key discoveries implicating the PGC-1/ERR axis in age-associated mitochondrial deregulation and tissue dysfunction. Also, we highlight the pharmacological potential of targeting the PGC-1/ERR axis to alleviate the onset of aging and its adverse effects.
Calcium dynamics and chromatin remodelling underlie heterogeneity in prolactin transcription
Authors: Harper Claire V , McNamara Anne V , Spiller David G , Charnock Jayne C , White Michael R H , Davis Julian R E
Published: October 2020

Pituitary cells have been reported to show spontaneous calcium oscillations and dynamic transcription cycles. To study both processes in the same living cell in real time, we used rat pituitary GH3 cells stably expressing human prolactin-luciferase or prolactin-EGFP reporter gene constructs loaded with a fluorescent calcium indicator and measured activity using single-cell time-lapse microscopy. We observed heterogeneity between clonal cells in the calcium activity and prolactin transcription in unstimulated conditions. There was a significant correlation between cells displaying spontaneous calcium spikes and cells showing spontaneous bursts in prolactin expression. Notably, cells showing no basal calcium activity showed low prolactin expression but elicited a significantly greater transcriptional response to BayK8644 compared to cells showing basal calcium activity. This suggested the presence of two subsets of cells within the population at any one time. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting was used to sort cells into two populations based on the expression level of prolactin-EGFP however, the bimodal pattern of expression was restored within 26 h. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that these sorted populations were distinct due to the extent of histone acetylation. We suggest that maintenance of a heterogeneous bimodal population is a fundamental characteristic of this cell type and that calcium activation and histone acetylation, at least in part, drive prolactin transcriptional competence.
Four days high fat diet modulates vitamin D metabolite levels and enzymes in mice
Authors: Bonnet Lauriane , Karkeni Esma , Couturier Charlène , Astier Julien , Defoort Catherine , Svilar Ljubica , Tourniaire Franck , Mounien Lourdes , Landrier Jean-François
Published: October 2020

Obesity is classically associated with low serum total and free 25(OH)D. Hypotheses have been advanced to explain this observation but mechanisms remain poorly understood, and notably priming events that could explain such association. We investigated the impact of short-term high fat (HF) diet to investigate early events occurring in vitamin D metabolism. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with a control diet (control group) and HF diet for 4 days. HF fed mice displayed similar body weight to control mice but significantly increased adiposity, together with a decrease of free 25(OH)D concentrations, which could be explained at least in part by a decrease of Cyp2r1 and Cyp3a11 expression in the liver. An increase of 1,25(OH)2D concentration was also observed and could be explained by a decrease of Cyp24a1 expression observed in the kidney. In white adipose tissue (WAT), no modification of vitamin D metabolites quantity detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Nevertheless, an increase of Cyp2r1 and Cyp27a1 mRNA expression and a decrease of Cyp27b1 mRNA expression could suggest a possible storage of 25(OH)D in WAT at long-term. Our data are supportive of an active role of HF diet in mediating a priming effect leading the well-established perturbation of the vitamin D metabolism associated with obesity, including a decrease of free 25(OH)D and modulation of expression of genes involved in vitamin D metabolism.
The cardiac complications of COVID-19: many publications, multiple uncertainties
Authors: Al-Mohammad Abdallah , Partridge David G , Fent Graham , Watson Oliver , Lewis Nigel T , Storey Robert F , Makris Michael , Chico Timothy J
Published: October 2020

Since the first description of COVID-19 in December 2019, more than 63,000 publications have described its virology, clinical course, management, treatment and prevention. Most physicians are now encountering, or will soon encounter, patients with COVID-19 and must attempt to simultaneously assimilate this avalanche of information while managing an entirely novel disease with few guiding precedents. It is increasingly clear that, although primarily a respiratory illness, COVID-19 is associated with cardiovascular complications. However, the true incidence of direct cardiac complications remains unclear, as all complications thus far reported can also occur in patients without COVID-19. In this review, we briefly summarise and critically appraise the data on cardiac complications associated with COVID-19 and describe some cases from our own experience. We identify unresolved questions and highlight the many uncertainties in this developing field.
Hmx3a Has Essential Functions in Zebrafish Spinal Cord, Ear and Lateral Line Development
Authors: England Samantha J , Cerda Gustavo A , Kowalchuk Angelica , Sorice Taylor , Grieb Ginny , Lewis Katharine E
Published: October 2020

Transcription factors that contain a homeodomain DNA-binding domain have crucial functions in most aspects of cellular function and embryonic development in both animals and plants. Hmx proteins are a subfamily of NK homeodomain-containing proteins that have fundamental roles in development of sensory structures such as the eye and the ear. However, Hmx functions in spinal cord development have not been analyzed. Here, we show that zebrafish (Danio rerio) hmx2 and hmx3a are coexpressed in spinal dI2 and V1 interneurons, whereas hmx3b, hmx1, and hmx4 are not expressed in spinal cord. Using mutational analyses, we demonstrate that, in addition to its previously reported role in ear development, hmx3a is required for correct specification of a subset of spinal interneuron neurotransmitter phenotypes, as well as correct lateral line progression and survival to adulthood. Surprisingly, despite similar expression patterns of hmx2 and hmx3a during embryonic development, zebrafish hmx2 mutants are viable and have no obviously abnormal phenotypes in sensory structures or neurons that require hmx3a. In addition, embryos homozygous for deletions of both hmx2 and hmx3a have identical phenotypes to severe hmx3a single mutants. However, mutating hmx2 in hypomorphic hmx3a mutants that usually develop normally, results in abnormal ear and lateral line phenotypes. This suggests that while hmx2 cannot compensate for loss of hmx3a, it does function in these developmental processes, although to a much lesser extent than hmx3a. More surprisingly, our mutational analyses suggest that Hmx3a may not require its homeodomain DNA-binding domain for its roles in viability or embryonic development.
Generationsdebatte: Immer noch viel Lärm um nichts?
Authors: Schmidt Johannes , Staiger Anna-Maria , von der Oelsnitz Dietrich
Published: October 2020

Gegenstand des vorliegenden Beitrages ist die Spezifikation methodischer Anforderungen an Forschungsdesigns zur Messung generationaler Unterschiede. Aufbauend wird die Frage bearbeitet, ob bezüglich berufsbezogener Einstellungen generationale Unterschiede existieren und welche Konsequenzen dies für Unternehmen hätte. Im Ergebnis sollte sich das betriebliche Personalmanagement mit den Bedürfnissen und Werten eines jeden einzelnen Arbeitnehmers bzw. Bewerbers auseinandersetzen, anstatt holzschnittartig Behauptungen über bestimmte Generationen zu adaptieren.
Entrepreneurship Education an Hochschulen
Authors: Schultz Christian
Published: October 2020

In Deutschland werden immer weniger Start-ups in der Wissenswirtschaft gegründet. Frühindikatoren, wie Gründungsabsicht oder die Vorbereitung von Gründungsaktivitäten, verharren auf geringem Niveau. Um die Anzahl der Start-ups zu steigern und das Gründungspotential zu erhöhen, wird die Entrepreneurship Education an deutschen Hochschulen ausgeweitet. Ein balanciertes Curriculum, das die unternehmerische Entfaltung der Studierenden adäquat fördert, entfaltet viele positive Effekte.
Intermediäre Strukturen und Neu-Organisationbekannter Aufgaben: Instagramim Lokaljournalismus
Authors: Graßl Michael , Schützeneder Jonas , Klinghardt Korbinian
Published: October 2020

Nach wie vor pflegen Verlage zu den großen Internet-Dominatoren Facebook, Google und Co. ein skeptischambivalentes Verhältnis: Man konkurriert (chancenlos) um Online-Werbeerträge, erfreut sich aber immerhin an etwas gesteigerter Reichweite durch Präsenz in Sozialen Netzwerken. Beim Blick auf die Nutzungszahlen deutet sich eine Verschiebung an: Instagram nimmt vor allem in der jungen Zielgruppe eine immer gewichtigere Rolle ein. Hier zeigen Lokalzeitungen mit ihren relativ jungen Accounts die schöne Seite der Region. Ist das schon alles? Eine qualitative Befragung von Social-Media-Redakteur. innen zeigt, dass eine langfristige Strategie für Instagram fehlt. Obwohl die Relevanz des Kanals mittlerweile bis in die Chefetage bekannt ist, spielt Instagram im redaktionellen Social-Media-Management im Hinblick auf Professionalität und Planung im Gegensatz zu Facebook nur eine Nebenrolle. Instagram bleibt für die Befragten weiterhin ein Experiment: Monetarisierung, journalistische Standards und Influencer-Marketing sind verlagsübergreifend ungelöste Themen. Nur in einem sind sich alle einig: Instagram ist für den Lokaljournalismus mit seinen regionalen Themen eine große Chance.
Audio auf der Überholspur. Das neue Leitmedium
Authors: Goldhammer Klaus , Birkel Mathias
Published: October 2020

Der Audiomarkt ist heftig in Bewegung. Der Aufsatz bietet einen Faktencheck zur Nutzung, zu wirtschaftlichen Kennzahlen und Trends. Während in den letzten Jahren vor allem der Bewegtbildmarkt für starke Dynamik sorgte, erlebt inzwischen auch der Audiobereich durch non-lineare Dienste, neue Nutzungsmöglichkeiten und vielfältige Inhalte eine Boomphase. Neben klassischem Radio haben sich kostenlose Webradios und Podcasts, aber auch kostenpflichtige Musikstreaming-Dienste und Hörbuch-Plattformen im Markt etabliert. Hinzu kommen Audio-Dienste im Auto (In-Car-Entertainment) sowie der Bereich Smartspeaker. Eine große Stärke von Audio-Inhalten ist, dass man sie unterwegs auf dem Fahrrad, in der U-Bahn, im Auto, beim Joggen, bei der Hausarbeit oder auch zum Einschlafen hören kann – Situationen also, in denen visuelle Medien nicht oder nur sehr eingeschränkt funktionieren. Audioangebote können selbst während der Internetnutzung, beim Surfen oder Chatten parallel weiterlaufen. Das sichert Reichweite und Nutzung. Zugleich werden auch Videodienste wie YouTube verstärkt als Audioangebot genutzt. So zeigen diverse Studien, dass YouTube die erfolgreichste Plattform für den Abruf von Musik ist, auch ohne Bewegtbild. Auch Spotify bietet seit August 2020 Podcasts mit Video an. Damit verschwimmen die klassischen Grenzen zwischen Audio und Video immer weiter.
Zur Rolle und Bedeutung von Radio in der digitalen Audiowelt
Authors: Balkenhol Nicola
Published: October 2020

Herausforderungen für öffentlich-rechtliche Radioanbieter: 100 Jahre Radio, 26 Jahre Deutschlandradio, rund 80 Jahre Rias und Stimme der DDR, zwei der Deutschlandradio-Vorläuferprogramme – so viel Radioerfahrung! Und dann wird in der zweiten Hälfte der 1990er Jahre das Internet massentauglich, 2007 kommt das erste Smartphone mit großem Bildschirm auf den Markt, und neulich erst, vor rund fünf Jahren, verlieren smarte Minicomputer den Bildschirm und werden zu hörenden und sprechenden Assistenten in Lautsprecherform, mit denen Menschen einigermaßen natürlich kommunizieren können.
Smart TV – Treiber für den Bewegtbildmarkt
Authors: Sutor Stefan
Published: October 2020

MEDIENTAGE Online-Special "Connect! The Future of TV" am 23. Juni 2020: Das Online-Special, veranstaltet von den MEDIENTAGEN MÜNCHEN gemeinsam mit MEKmedia, stand ganz im Zeichen der Innovationen rund um Smart TV als wichtigem Bestandteil der digitalen Revolution des Bewegtbildmarkts. Im folgenden Text werden die wichtigsten Ergebnisse in einer kurzen Zusammenfassung dokumentiert.
Responsabilidad Social y Ambiental: Tratamiento y Disposición Final de Llantas Usadas en la Ciudad de Machala
Authors: Espinoza Enríquez Leonardo , Fariño Jimenez Jonathan Steven , Espinoza  Aguilar Yuri Patricio , Mayorga Cárdenas Miguel
Published: October 2020

El presente trabajo bibliográfico y documental se basa en analizar alternativas como por ejemplo: un modelo de gestión de responsabilidad social y ambiental para el tratamiento de los neumáticos usados en la ciudad de Machala, provincia El Oro, Ecuador; para lo cual se obtuvieron datos estadísticos procedentes de organismos públicos y páginas oficiales. Además, se efectuaron visitas a sitios en donde se están implementando alternativas para disminuir la problemática de los neumáticos en desuso cuando terminan su vida útil y de esta manera aprovecharla como materia prima. Esto ha permitido conocer la problemática presente en la ciudad, mediante la relación entre las variables: crecimiento poblacional y el número de automóviles matriculados anualmente en esta ciudad y la afectación de este residuo especial al medio natural y a la salud humana. Se diseña un modelo de responsabilidad social y ambiental basado en la norma ISO 26000 a través del establecimiento de pauta de conducta para las empresas que se encarguen de darle un valor agregado a los neumáticos usados. Se concluye que el uso de alternativas eficientes para la generación de un valor agregado a partir de los neumáticos usados se considera como un modelo de responsabilidad social y ambiental que ayudará a disminuir la problemática ocasionada por los neumáticos usados luego de su vida útil.
La Influencia de la Gestión del Conocimiento en la Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres en el Perú
Authors: Calderón Aguirre Carlos David
Published: October 2020

El presente artículo fundamenta cómo la Teoría de la Gestión del Conocimiento puede influir en la Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres en el Perú; asimismo, reconoce la importancia de su aplicación con la finalidad de contribuir a incrementar la eficiencia en los procesos de Estimación, Prevención y Respuesta. La Gestión del Conocimiento es una herramienta útil para gestionar, adquirir, analizar, almacenar y compartir conocimiento para resolver los problemas de la Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres en el Perú; al mismo tiempo proporciona al Sistema Nacional de Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres una plataforma común para la coordinación y colaboración interinstitucional, el empleo y uso del conocimiento como fin ulterior permitirá contribuir con la protección de la persona humana y la sociedad.
Tasas de Interés Bancario para Micro y Pequeñas Empresas, (MYPES) Perú, 2015 - 2018
Authors: Rosales Dominguez Ediht Geobana
Published: October 2020

El objetivo del presente artículo fue analizar las tasas de interés bancario para las Micro y Pequeñas Empresas (Mypes) del Perú del año 2015 al 2018, siendo de gran importancia la investigación pues las Mypes son el 99.4% de empresas del país y proveen un 88% de empleo. El tipo de investigación fue descriptiva, método analítico – deductivo y comparativo – histórico. Los resultados indicaron que las tasas de interés activas Bancario fueron para las microempresas: 34.89% (2015), 37.19% (2016), 36.29% (2017) y 32.70% (2018) y para las pequeñas empresas: 20.45% (2015), 21.65% (2016), 19.76% (2017) y 18.50% (2018); ambos en moneda nacional. Concluyendo, que entre los años 2015 al 2018, los bancos determinaron tasas de interés activas altas, producto de la libertad otorgada por el artículo 9 de la Ley de Bancos, y el comportamiento que presentaron fue producto de la política monetaria instaurada por el BCRP, pues las tasas de interés variaron en función de ellas.
La Relación entre el Nivel de Madurez en la Gestión de Proyectos y los Resultados Caso Joy Global
Authors: Milián Gonzales Roger
Published: October 2020

El principal objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la relación entre el nivel de madurez en la gestión de los proyectos y los resultados del caso Joy Global. Se utilizó como tipo de investigación el tipo descriptivo, y de tipo correlacional, pues tuvo como propósito medir el grado de relación que existe entre las dos variables de estudio. El diseño metodológico es de tipo no experimental. Para el estudio de investigación el nivel de madurez se calcula en función de las 10 áreas de conocimientos del Project Management Institute (PMI) como son la gestión de la integración, alcance, tiempo, costo, calidad, Recursos Humanos (RRHH), comunicación, riesgos, adquisición e interesados y el éxito de un proyecto se calcula teniendo en cuenta las 5 componente de Shenhar y Dvir (2007). Los resultados obtenidos reflejan la relación directa entre la variable nivel de madurez sobre la variable éxito en los proyectos dentro de la empresa Joy Global (Perú).
Modification of Qualia Structures Using Relative Adjectives in Lithuanian, Russian and German
Authors: Glushak Vasiliy , Kaladytė Vilma , Gowin Olga
Published: October 2020

Relative adjectives are immediate nominal explicators (nouns) that play a key role in meaningful structures in the Russian, Lithuanian, and German languages. This article investigates the semantic representation of a noun in an attribute group with relative adjectives comparatively using the Qualia structure and its modifications. The most commonly used 150 relative adjectives in the electronic corpora of the Russian written language were selected for analysis. They are compared with Lithuanian and German examples. Relative adjectives are classified as quality structures and are considered to imply objective constitutive properties (matter and origin), formal attributes (physical parameters, colour, time, and place) and telic attributes. Other correlating linguistic units, namely, genitive constructs and composites, are also analysed describing the expected realizations of Qualia structures in the noun group.
Cross-linguistic Metaphorical Representation of the #MeToo Movement: Communicating Attitudes
Authors: Cibulskienė Jurga
Published: October 2020

The article focuses on the metaphorical conceptualisation of the #MeToo movement, which has spread virally as a hashtag used on social media in an attempt to demonstrate the widespread prevalence of sexual assault and harassment. The #MeToo movement as a social issue is looked at from the perspective of Critical Metaphor Analysis (CMA) (Charteris-Black 2005/2011, 2014, Musolff 2004, 2016, Koller 2014, De Landtsheer 2009, Hart 2010). CMA is a blend of Cognitive Metaphor Theory and Critical Discourse Analysis that aims at identifying how metaphors are used to describe socially contested issues and how they reveal speakers’ hidden intentions and attitudes (Charteris-Black, 2014, p. 174). CMA is also concerned with the different functions metaphors may perform. A predicative function, being one of many, is most likely to explain how socially sensitive issues are communicated (Charteris-Black, 2014, pp. 204-207; Musolff, 2016, p. 4). In other words, it implies positive or negative attitudes expressed towards certain issues. Thus, the paper aims to study how the predicative function of metaphor manifests in the discourse of contemporary social concerns cross-linguistically and cross-culturally. In other words, the paper looks into how different attitudes towards the #MeToo movement are communicated via metaphors in Lithuanian and English media and how they shape prevailing public attitudes.
The Doomsday Scenario Depicted by Frau Ava: The Question of Sources
Authors: Burov Aleksej
Published: October 2020

The present article explores an excerpt depicting the scenario of the last days in the poem Das Jüngste Gericht (Eng. The Last Judgement), written by the first-named German female writer Frau Ava (circa 1060–1127). The study addresses the question of sources used in the depiction of the end times in the excerpt under consideration (lines 1–160). The study does not question the affinity between the scenes of the last days illustrated in the excerpt and the apocalyptic plot of the Latin texts of Pseudo-Beda (the turn of the 12th century) and Petrus Daminanus (1006–1072); however, it is assumed that Frau Ava may have drawn not only on the aforementioned Latin sources but also on the apocalyptic song Muspilli, written by an anonymous author circa 870. The analysis of the excerpt suggests that the apocalyptic narrative of Muspilli may have shaped the scene of the fifteenth day illustrated in the poem The Last Judgement. Moreover, Frau Ava, unlike Pseudo-Beda and Petrus Daminanus, does not refer to St. Jerome as a source of information but to wisten (Eng. wise men). As no evidence of other German apocalyptic texts referring to wise men, except for Muspilli, can be found, the study concludes that depicting the scenario of the last days in her poem, in addition to the Latin texts, Frau Ava used the song Muspilli as her source.
Public competence as a problem of the contemporary society
Authors:   Bila Tserkva Institute of Economics and Management of the Higher Educational Institution ", Shakhrai V. M. ,   Open International University of Human Development",   Ukraine
Published: October 2020

The author elucidates the essence of the public competence of a person on the basis of the consideration of this problem by domestic and foreign researchers and analyzes the state of forming the competence of young citi, zens in Ukraine.
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF MATEMATIS SISWA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING
Authors: Kurniawati Lia , Kadir Kadir , Octafiani Nefita
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of experiential learning learning models on students' mathematical creative thinking abilities. This research was conducted at MTsN Pagedangan 2014/2015 Academic Year. The research method is quasi-experimental, using a posttest only randomized control group design. The research sample consisted of 56 eighth grade students consisting of 26 experimental class students and 30 control class students obtained by cluster random sampling technique. Data collection on mathematical creative thinking abilities using test instruments. The results revealed that students 'mathematical creative thinking abilities taught with experiential learning models were higher than students' mathematical creative thinking abilities taught with conventional models (t obs = 3,573 and p-value = 0,0005 <0.05). The achievement of students' mathematical creative thinking abilities taught experiential learning models for fluency indicators was 71.15% and for elaboration 53.21% while students who were taught conventional learning on fluency indicators were 57.50% and elaboration 47.22%. The conclusion of this study, experiential learning learning model is more effective in increasing students' mathematical creative thinking abilities compared to conventional models.
PENGARUH STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN ECIRR TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MATEMATIS SISWA
Authors: Kurniawati Lia , Masruro Umi , Afidah Afidah
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this research was analyze students’ mathematical critical thinking skills using ECIRR strategy. The Reseacrh was conducted at one of Islamic schools in the city of Tangerang Selatan.. Method of the research used quasi experiment method with posttest-only control group design. The samples are 53 students, they are 26 students in experimental group and 27 student in control group that chosen by cluster sampling technique. The collecting data of students’ mathematical critical thinking skills used by test instrument. The result of this research shown that students’ mathematical critical thinking skills who are taught by ECIRR strategy is higher than students who are taught by conventional strategy. Means of mathematical critical thinking skills of students’ who are taught by ECIRR strategy had skill of analyze the argument amounting to 84.62, draw a conclusion amounting to 68.27, identify assumptions amounting to 73.08, and decide an action amounting to 40,38. As for students’ who are taught by conventional strategy had skill of analyze the argument amounting to 85.19, draw a conclusion amounting to 44.91, identify assumptions amounting to 24.07, and decide an action amounting to 23.15. The conclusion of this research that ECIRR strategy have a significant effect on students’ mathematical critical thinking skills.
The Role of Hemodynamic Support in High-risk Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Simonton Charles , Thompson Craig , Wollmuth Jason R , Morris D Lynn , Dahle Thom G
Published: October 2020

Patients with advanced age, complex coronary anatomy, and multiple comorbidities are often unsuitable for surgical revascularization. In this setting, hemodynamic support devices are used as an adjunct to percutaneous coronary intervention to maintain hemodynamic stability and enable optimal revascularization. This article provides an overview of percutaneous hemodynamic support devices currently used in clinical practice for high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention. These include the intra-aortic balloon pump, centrifugal pumps (TandemHeart, venous arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation), and micro-axial Impella pump. The hemodynamic effects, clinical evidence supporting improved outcomes and recovery of heart function, and associated complications with these devices are highlighted, with a special focus on Impella pumps.
Genesis, diversity and ecology of urban soils (for example the park «Feofania», Kiev)
Authors: Tyutyunnik Yu. G.
Published: October 2020

In the paper the theoretical problems of the study of soils in urban areas have been considered. It is justified the notion urbopedogenesis as the process of increasing the diversity of the soil under the influence of urbanization. The main types of urbansoils of park «Feofania» and its environs have been studied and described (Kiev). The major factors and processes of soil cover degradation in the park due tohuman activity have been identified. The main types of soils of the megapolis and its environs are the following. Ekranozem – the soil of roads with an artificial covering. Not all soil scientists agree with distinguishingof such soil category. However, the tendency to see the road as a special category of soils in the modern soil science takes place. Urbanozem andindustriozem – the soils of residential areas and industrial zones, respectively. Their distinctive feature is a genetic soil horizon «urbik». It consists of compacted products of municipal and building human activity (urbanozem) and their manufacturing activity (industriozem). The soil of dumps and technozem: forming in waste (municipal and industrial). They are characterized by high toxicity, including the gas release such as NH3, H2S, CS2, CH4, methylated forms of mercury. Culturozem – soil of parks, botanical gardens, oases created by man. They are distinguished by powerful artificially created humus horizon and increased nutrient reserves. Reсreazem,replantozem and сonstruсtozem – soil created by man for the purpose of reclamation and improvement of the soil cover of the city (mainly in the gardens and park landscapes, on lawns, in the houses adjoining areas). Acephalozem – soil resulting from the construction activities, but without artificial material (dug, redeposited, piled up). Pyrogenic soils – formed as a result of thermal effects on the natural soil. Soil with destroyed mesofauna and microbial pool. Have an artificial horizon from the ashes. Rammed soil – formed by surface mechanical stress (transport wheels, soles of the feet). They have compacted structures, impaired (deterioration) in water-air regime. Agrozem – soil of farm land and plots. In the cities it is found mainly in the districts of individual buildings under the gardens. According to the degree of disturbance of the ecological functions of soil we have placed the studied soils in this order: ekranozem> industriozem> urbanozem > soil dumps and teсhnozem ≈constructozem > replantozem > recreazem > culturozem > acephalozem > agrozem > pyrogenic soil > rammed soil.
Efectos de la suplementación de metionina, treonina y triptófano sobre el rendimiento productivo y la calidad de canal de los cerdos en crecimiento bajo condiciones comerciales de producción
Authors: Salazar-Villanea Sergio , Conejo-Chacón Luis E. , Martínez-Aguilar Marco V. , Gómez-Chaves Cristian , Dorado-Montenegro Sebastián
Published: October 2020

El objetivo de este experimento fue determinar si la suplementación de metionina, treonina y triptófano en la dieta de cerdos en crecimiento y engorde criados en condiciones comerciales mejora su rendimiento productivo (consumo de alimento, ganancia de peso, conversión alimenticia, calidad de canal) y si esta estrategia es viable económicamente. El experimento se desarrolló simultáneamente en dos granjas comerciales, con cerdos alimentados durante las etapas de inicio, desarrollo y engorde con una dieta control que cumplía con el perfil de proteína ideal o con una dieta suplementada con un 20% adicional de metionina, treonina y triptófano. No hubo diferencias (P>0,05) en el consumo de alimento, ganancia de peso diaria o la conversión alimenticia entre los animales alimentados con la dieta control y la dieta suplementada en ninguna de las etapas productivas, ni cuando se analizó el ciclo completo. Tampoco hubo diferencias entre los animales alimentados con ambas dietas en el porcentaje de carne magra de la canal, en el precio que se pagó por kilogramo canalo el ingreso por animal. Los animales que consumieron la dieta suplementada presentaron una tendencia (P=0,07) a tener un mayor espesor de grasa dorsal (13,46 mm) comparados con los animales control (12,62 mm). Además, los animales suplementados presentaron una tendencia (P=0,08) a tener un mayor rendimiento en canal (80,10%) comparados con los animales que consumieron la dieta control (79,54%). Se concluye que la suplementación de metionina, treonina y triptófano no mejoró el rendimiento productivo de los cerdos en crecimiento bajo condiciones comerciales y en las condiciones actuales no es viable económicamente.
William Willimon, Leading with the Sermon: Preaching as Leadership
Authors: Lamb Lisa
Published: October 2020

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SDM-100 cihazında yarım saatlik moda dayanarak eritrosit sedimentasyon hızı sonucu rapor etmek güvenli midir?
Authors: YAVUZ Duygu Mine , BOY Fatih , TAŞKIN Ergin , ÇELİK Seda , KARA Fatih
Published: October 2020

Amaç:
Bu
çalışmanın amacı SDM-100 cihazında yarım saatlik moda bağlı olarak eritrosit
sedimantasyon hızı (ESR) sonucunu rapor etmenin güvenilir olup olmadığını
tespit etmekti.

Gereç
ve Yöntem: 111 ESR sonucu, yarım saatlik modda
çalışan SDM-100 cihazından elde edildi. Daha sonra, bir saatlik ESR değerleri,
manuel Westergren yöntemini kullanan BD Seditainer standı ile ölçüldü. İki
yöntemin sonuçları arasındaki uyumu değerlendirmek için Spearman korelasyon
analizi, lineer regresyon analizi, Wilcoxon testi, Bland-Altman grafiği ve
Deming regresyon analizi yapıldı.

Bulgular:
İki
yöntemin sonuçları arasında genel olarak bir tutarlılık söz konusuydu; ancak yüksek
ESR değerleri için zayıf bir uyumun varlığı da tespit edildi.

Sonuç:
Yarım
saatlik ESR ölçümüne dayalı olarak 1 saatlik ESR sonucunun rapor edilmesi,
özellikle yüksek ESR değerlerinde, güvenilirlik açısından bir problem teşkil
edebilir.