bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Relative Conditional Survival Estimates on Patient Prognosis After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Baart Sara J. , van Domburg Ron T. , Janssen-Heijnen Maryska L.G. , Deckers Jaap W. , Akkerhuis K. Martijn , Daemen Joost , van Geuns Robert-Jan , Boersma Eric , Kardys Isabella
Published: June 2017

Background—

Some aspects of prognosis are not reflected by cumulative survival estimates. These aspects include information on the time already survived by the patient and the patient’s survival compared with the general population. Conditional survival (ie, conditional on having survived a certain period of time already) and relative conditional survival (ie, compared with the general population) do incorporate these aspects. We investigated these measures of prognosis in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods and Results—

We studied 17 903 consecutive patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention between 2000 and 2014. Cumulative survival was estimated for patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (n=5996, 853 deaths), non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (n=5371, 901 deaths), and stable angina pectoris (n=6536, 965 deaths) in 4 age categories. One-year conditional and relative conditional survival up to 10 years post–percutaneous coronary intervention was calculated. The results demonstrated that 1-year cumulative survival for patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction aged ≥76 years was 83%. One-year conditional survival, conditional on surviving the first month, was 92% in this group, and relative conditional survival (relative to the general population) was 99%. In younger age categories and in patients with non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction and stable angina pectoris , similar patterns were found albeit less pronounced. Five-year relative conditional rendered similar results.

Conclusions—

Relative conditional survival provides a comprehensive picture of patient prognosis, particularly for older patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction. Although, as expected, their cumulative survival is low, once they survive the first month after percutaneous coronary intervention, their prognosis is comparable to that of the general population. Therefore, relative conditional survival estimates provide an important, meaningful addition when discussing prognosis with patients.
Allele-Specific Silencing of Mutant mRNA Rescues Ultrastructural and Arrhythmic Phenotype in Mice Carriers of the R4496C Mutation in the Ryanodine Receptor Gene (
RYR2
)
Authors: Bongianino Rossana , Denegri Marco , Mazzanti Andrea , Lodola Francesco , Vollero Alessandra , Boncompagni Simona , Fasciano Silvia , Rizzo Giulia , Mangione Damiano , Barbaro Serena , Di Fonso Alessia , Napolitano Carlo , Auricchio Alberto , Protasi Feliciano , Priori Silvia G.
Published: June 2017

Rationale:

Mutations in the cardiac Ryanodine Receptor gene (
RYR2
) cause dominant catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), a leading cause of sudden death in apparently healthy individuals exposed to emotions or physical exercise.

Objective:

We investigated the efficacy of allele-specific silencing by RNA interference to prevent CPVT phenotypic manifestations in our dominant CPVT mice model carriers of the heterozygous mutation R4496C in
RYR2
.

Methods and Results:

We developed an in vitro mRNA and protein-based assays to screen multiple siRNAs for their ability to selectively silence mutant
RYR2
-R4496C mRNA over the corresponding wild-type allele. For the most performant of these siRNAs (siRYR2-U10), we evaluated the efficacy of an adeno-associated serotype 9 viral vector (AAV9) expressing miRYR2-U10 in correcting RyR2 (Ryanodine Receptor type 2 protein) function after in vivo delivery by intraperitoneal injection in neonatal and adult RyR2
R4496C/+
(mice heterozygous for the R4496C mutation in the RyR2) heterozygous CPVT mice. Transcriptional analysis showed that after treatment with miRYR2-U10, the ratio between wild-type and mutant
RYR2
mRNA was doubled (from 1:1 to 2:1) confirming the ability of miRYR2-U10 to selectively inhibit
RYR2
-R4496C mRNA, whereas protein quantification showed that total RyR2 was reduced by 15% in the heart of treated mice. Furthermore, AAV9-miRYR2-U10 effectively (1) reduced isoproterenol-induced delayed afterdepolarizations and triggered activity in infected cells, (2) reduced adrenergically mediated ventricular tachycardia in treated mice, (3) reverted ultrastructural abnormalities of junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum and transverse tubules, and (4) attenuated mitochondrial abnormalities.

Conclusions:

The study demonstrates that allele-specific silencing with miRYR2-U10 prevents life-threatening arrhythmias in CPVT mice, suggesting that the reduction of mutant RyR2 may be a novel therapeutic approach for CPVT.
Experimental Sound Mixing for The Well, a Short Film Made for Tablets
Authors: Collins Karen , Dockwray Ruth
Published: June 2017

This article presents an overview of the use of binaural recording and experimental headphone mixing for a short film. Drawing loosely on theories of proxemics, the article illustrates how sound mixing can be used to create a unique subjective perspective. In particular, the authors sought to experiment with and to use the peculiarities of stereo headphone mixing and binaural sound to reinforce visual elements of a film designed for horizontal viewing on tablets.
Cestaro v. Italy: The European Court of Human Rights on the Duty to Criminalise Torture and Italy’s Structural Problem
Authors: Carolei Domenico
Published: June 2017

In April 2015, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) ruled that Italian legislation is inadequate to criminalise acts of torture (Cestaro v. Italy). Following the ECtHR’s decision, the Italian Parliament approved the bill A.C. 2168 which aimed to introduce the crime of torture (Article 613-bis) in the Italian Criminal Code. The bill does not seem to comply with the definition of torture provided by international law, and also neglects the legislative guidelines outlined by the ECtHR in Cestaro v. Italy. The purpose of this article is twofold. On the one hand, it will assess the ECtHR’s decision focusing on Italy’s structural problem and its duty to enact and enforce efficient criminal provisions under Article 3 of the European Convention. On the other hand, it will analyse the normative content of Article 613-bis in order to highlight its weaknesses and propose, on each of them, suggestions for amendment.
Victims at the Prospective International Criminal Law Section of the African Court of Justice and Human and Peoples’ Rights
Authors: Perez-Leon-Acevedo Juan-Pablo
Published: June 2017

The introduction of an International Criminal Law Section (icls) to the prospective African Union (au) African Court of Justice and Human and Peoples’ Rights (acjhr) has sparked academic debate. However, discussion of victims’ status at the acjhr-icls has been neglected. Victims’ status as participants and reparation claimants, as provided for in the acjhr Statute, is critically analysed. There are important gaps and limitations, especially concerning the victim participant status, and implementation challenges, particularly regarding the reparation claimant status. Recommendations to address normative problems and face future challenges are provided. The amended acjhr-icls Statute is comparatively tested against inter alia the legal framework and practice of the International Criminal Court (icc). The icc Statute is relevant because the acjhr Statute provisions on victims largely borrow from it. Additionally, despite some deficits, the icc Statute and practice arguably constitute guiding standards to tackle complex victim-related issues at international/hybrid criminal tribunals (ihcts).
Reforming the International Whaling Commission: Indigenous Peoples, the Canadian Problem and the Road Ahead
Authors: Rand Niall Alexander
Published: June 2017

The International Whaling Commission (iwc) conceals within its history a perennial battle between nations. Since the moratorium on commercial whaling took effect in 1986 both sides of the whaling debate have been unable to substantively advance their cause. This has led many commentators to question its purpose and ability to adapt to issues of modern significance. Given the interdisciplinary breadth of the debate at hand, this article primarily focuses on place of Indigenous peoples within the history of whaling and what role, if any, they will play in the future relevance of the iwc. It is argued that Canada’s withdrawal from the iwc, in the interest of its Indigenous peoples, should generally be regarded as a domestic regulatory success. Nevertheless, the time is ripe for Canada to re-establish itself at the international level with the goal of reforming the state of the Aboriginal Subsistence Whaling exception and perhaps the iwc itself.
The Functions of Presentative Constructions in Jewish Zakho Neo-Aramaic
Authors: Cohen Eran
Published: June 2017

This article describes several functions of presentative constructions in the Neo-Aramaic dialect of Zakho. Following a section introducing and discussing the forms, the presentative copulawēle(and in some cases the preverbal particlewal) is examined and found to have several functions: first, it serves as a concrete presentative and for an array of abstract presentative functions. Second, aswēleis first and foremost a copula, it is additionally found with different predicate types, most importantly in the formation of compound tenses, such as the present progressive and present perfect. Finally, in narrative it is also employed in circumstantial clauses.
Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Hyphodontia (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) in China
Authors: WANG MIN , CHEN YUAN-YUAN
Published: June 2017

In this paper, two new species in Hyphodontia, H. bubalina and H. mongolica, are reported as new to science based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided with comparisons among allied taxa. Hyphodontia bubalina has thin cream basidiomata, a monomitic hyphal system with thin- to slightly thick-walled generative hyphae, hyphoid or subulate cystidioles, ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores measuring as 4–5.3 × 3–4.2 µm. Hyphodontia mongolica is characterized by the partly confluent or branched aculei, a monomitic hyphal system with thick-walled generative hyphae, clavate and tubular cystidia, and ellipsoid basidiospores measuring as 4.9–6.6 × 2.5–3.2 µm. Phylogenetic analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions which performed by Bayesian (BI), maximum likelihood (ML) and maximum parsimony (MP) methods confirm to place the two species in the genus Hyphodontia.
First record and range extension of the Galapagos slipper lobster, Scyllarides astori (Decapoda, Scyllaridae) in the central Pacific coast of Mexico mainland
Authors: CARBAJAL-LÓPEZ ALBERTO , ROSENDE-PEREIRO ALEJANDRO , CORGOS ANTONIO
Published: June 2017

The Galapagos slipper lobster Scyllarides astori was found for the first time off western Mexico mainland. A male and two female specimens were collected in south Jalisco and north Colima. This represents a new record from central Pacific coast of Mexico and a range extension of 700 km southwards, as the species was previously reported from the Gulf of California, 780 km eastwards from Revillagigedo Archipelago and 2400 km northwestwards from Isla del Coco and Galapagos Archipelago.
A new species of Sphelodon Townes (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Banchinae) from Colombia
Authors: HERRERA-FLOREZ ANDRES FABIAN
Published: June 2017

The genus Sphelodon Townes has 13 described species, nine species from the Neotropical region, three species from the Nearctic region and one (Sphelodon phoxopteridis) that occurs in both regions. A new species, Sphelodon antioquensis sp. n. is described here. This is the first record of Sphelodon for Colombia. A key to Sphelodon species occurring in the Neotropical Region is provided.
A Postprocessing Method for Seasonal Forecasts Using Temporally and Spatially Smoothed Statistics
Authors: Kharin V. V. , Merryfield W. J. , Boer G. J. , Lee W.-S.
Published: June 2017

A statistical postprocessing method for seasonal forecasts based on temporally and spatially smoothed climate statistics is introduced. The method uses information available from seasonal hindcasts initialized at the beginning of 12 calendar months. The performance of the method is tested within both deterministic and probabilistic frameworks using output from the ensemble of seasonal hindcasts produced by the Canadian Seasonal to Interannual Prediction System for the 30-yr period 1981–2010. Forecast skill improvements are found to be greater when forecast adjustment parameters estimated for individual seasons and at individual grid points are temporally and spatially smoothed. The greatest skill improvements are typically achieved for seasonally invariant parameters while skill improvements due to additional spatial smoothing are modest.
Anchored Personalization in Managing Goal Conflict between Professional Groups: The Case of U.S. Army Mental Health Care
Authors: DiBenigno Julia
Published: June 2017

Organizational life is rife with conflict between groups that pursue different goals, particularly when groups have strong commitments to professional identities developed outside the organization. I use data from a 30-month comparative ethnographic field study of four U.S. Army combat brigades to examine conflict between commanders who had a goal of fielding a mission-ready force and mental health providers who had a goal of providing rehabilitative mental health care to soldiers. All commanders and providers faced goal and identity conflict and had access to similar integrative mechanisms. Yet only those associated with two brigades addressed these conflicts in ways that accomplished the army’s superordinate goal of having both mission-ready and mentally healthy soldiers. Both successful brigades used what I call “anchored personalization” practices, which included developing personalized relations across groups, anchoring members in their home group identity, and co-constructing integrative solutions to conflict. These practices were supported by an organizational structure in which professionals were assigned to work with specific members of the other group, while remaining embedded within their home group. In contrast, an organizational structure promoting only anchoring in one’s home group identity led to failure when each group pursued its own goals at the expense of the other group’s goals. A structure promoting only personalization across groups without anchoring in one’s home group identity led to failure from cooptation by the dominant group. This study contributes to our understanding of how groups with strong professional identities can work together in service of their organization’s superordinate goals when traditional mechanisms fail.
The effects of base binder and styrene–butadiene–styrene structure on rutting resistance of polymer–nanocomposite asphalt mixture
Authors: Bayekolaei Mahdi Delaviz , Naderi Koorosh , Nejad Fereidoon Moghadas
Published: June 2017

In recent years, the use of nano materials for improving various mechanical and performance-related properties of polymer-modified asphalt binders has been growing rapidly. However, few researches investigated the effects of base binder and styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) structure on rutting resistance of polymer-nanocomposite-modified asphalt mixtures. This study investigated the effect of polymer–nanocomposite modification, using two different penetration grade asphalt binders and two types of SBS, on rutting properties of asphalt mixtures. Rheological properties of modified binders, Marshall stability, resilient modulus, and rut depth in wheel-tracking tests were used to evaluate the rutting performance of the modified binders and mixtures. The results indicated that both base binder type and SBS structure had significant effect on rutting resistance of polymer-nanocomposite-modified asphalt mixtures.
Phoenix and the Fight over the Papago-Inner Loop: Race, Class, and the Making of a Suburban Metropolis, 1969-1979
Authors: Di Taranto Nicholas
Published: June 2017

Few postwar cities grew as quickly as Phoenix, as suburban, pro-growth policies created a sprawling metropolitan area, but also problems like acute traffic congestion, which policymakers attempted to solve with an urban freeway. The Papago Freeway revolt highlights that transportation policy, like other aspects of suburbanization, had deep roots in intentional and incidental race and class discrimination at all levels of government and private decisions. Moreover, the debate reveals the changing relationship between the federal government and cities under President Nixon and the incendiary political, social, and cultural forces fracturing metropolitan America. The revolt led to design changes that mitigated some of the negative impacts of the freeway, but the Papago still resulted in inequitable outcomes for minorities and low-income populations in the inner city. Most important, it shows that ignoring historical inequities in policy decisions runs the risk of continuing or, worse, exacerbating them.
Modelling water trap seal boundary conditions in building drainage systems: Computational fluid dynamics analysis of unsteady friction to improve accuracy
Authors: Jean NJ , Gormley M
Published: June 2017

The safe removal of disease-carrying human waste is the objective of all sanitation systems and the limiting of air pressure transients within the system remains a significant part of current codes and regulations. The water trap seal offers fundamental protection and is the system’s sole barrier between the public sewer network and habitable space inside a building. Modelling water trap seal responses to air pressure fluctuations offers an opportunity to analyse whole system performance, but the quality of the data depends on the accuracy of the modelling technique and that of the defining inputs. AIRNET, a 1D Method of Characteristics based model, enables rapid whole system testing; however, the present boundary condition for the water trap seal within the model is based solely on steady state conditions, ignoring system dynamics. Computational fluid dynamics offers an opportunity to numerically evaluate the flow patterns within the trap seal in response to applied air pressure transients. This research confirms the importance of the rate of rise, and hence frequency of air pressure transients incident on water trap seals and relates this to potential vulnerabilities of different device geometries, particularly the ratio between inner and outer wall length. The research led to the development of a dynamic velocity decrement model encapsulating unsteady friction and separation losses linked to device geometry for the first time. The development of a frequency-dependent internal energy term Δ v, suitable for inclusion in AIRNET provides the capability to predict more realistic water trap response to air pressure transients over a range of air pressure transient frequencies likely to cause problems: 1 Hz to 8 Hz.

Practical application: Whole system modelling can greatly improve the ability of design engineers to fully simulate the operation of a building drainage system in a realistic way. The work described in this paper improves the accuracy of whole system models by evaluating water dynamic responses to air pressure transients using a range of techniques including computational fluid dynamics and more traditional 1D finite difference method of characteristics models. The work also paves the way for more robust evaluation of building drainage products through in-depth investigation of the fluid mechanics associated with their operation.
Perioperative single-site veno-venous extracorporeal CO2 removal for minimally invasive giant bulla resection
Authors: Redwan Bassam , Biancosino Christian , Giebel Felix , Woebker Gabriele , Eberlein Michael , Bölükbas Servet
Published: June 2017

Giant pulmonary bullae are rare and surgical management of patients with severe emphysema and advanced chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) presenting with giant bullae can be very challenging. Previously, perioperative, two-site, high-flow, veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was successfully utilized during giant bulla resection.

Here we report the perioperative application of single-site, low-flow extracorporeal CO2 removal (ECCO2R) for minimally invasive thoracoscopic giant bulla resection.

This approach of low-flow, veno-venous ECCO2R, which is less invasive than conventional ECLS approaches, has enabled the safe performance of surgery and facilitated protective intraoperative single-lung ventilation while avoiding possible complications of aggressive mechanical ventilation.
Preadolescents’ Reliance on and Internalization of Media Appearance Ideals: Triggers and Consequences
Authors: Rousseau Ann , Trekels Jolien , Eggermont Steven
Published: June 2017

The present three-wave panel study ( N = 973, [Formula: see text] = 11.14) sought to advance the current literature on media internalization in preadolescence by examining triggers and consequences related to preadolescents’ media internalization and use of media for appearance information. We sought to examine whether (a) media internalization and use of media for appearance information could be explained by pubertal timing and peer appearance criticism, and (b) such media internalization and use of media for information could foster dysfunctional body image investment. Structural equation analyses showed that early maturation relative to peers and peer appearance criticism predicted preadolescents’ use of media for appearance information and media internalization, 6 months later. Such media use, in turn, predicted preadolescents’ development of dysfunctional appearance beliefs, 6 months later. These results highlight the importance for future studies to examine whether preadolescents’ reliance on appearance media stems from their need to cope with current body concerns.
Verification of organ doses calculated by a dose monitoring software tool based on Monte Carlo Simulation in thoracic CT protocols
Authors: Guberina Nika , Suntharalingam Saravanabavaan , Naßenstein Kai , Forsting Michael , Theysohn Jens , Wetter Axel , Ringelstein Adrian
Published: June 2017

Background

The importance of monitoring of the radiation dose received by the human body during computed tomography (CT) examinations is not negligible. Several dose-monitoring software tools emerged in order to monitor and control dose distribution during CT examinations. Some software tools incorporate Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) and allow calculation of effective dose and organ dose apart from standard dose descriptors.

Purpose

To verify the results of a dose-monitoring software tool based on MCS in assessment of effective and organ doses in thoracic CT protocols.

Material and Methods

Phantom measurements were performed with thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD LiF:Mg,Ti) using two different thoracic CT protocols of the clinical routine: (I) standard CT thorax (CTT); and (II) CTT with high-pitch mode, P = 3.2. Radiation doses estimated with MCS and measured with TLDs were compared.

Results

Inter-modality comparison showed an excellent correlation between MCS-simulated and TLD-measured doses ((I) after localizer correction r = 0.81; (II) r = 0.87). The following effective and organ doses were determined: (I) (a) effective dose = MCS 1.2 mSv, TLD 1.3 mSv; (b) thyroid gland = MCS 2.8 mGy, TLD 2.5 mGy; (c) thymus = MCS 3.1 mGy, TLD 2.5 mGy; (d) bone marrow = MCS 0.8 mGy, TLD 0.9 mGy; (e) breast = MCS 2.5 mGy, TLD 2.2 mGy; (f) lung = MCS 2.8 mGy, TLD 2.7 mGy; (II) (a) effective dose = MCS 0.6 mSv, TLD 0.7 mSv; (b) thyroid gland = MCS 1.4 mGy, TLD 1.8 mGy; (c) thymus = MCS 1.4 mGy, TLD 1.8 mGy; (d) bone marrow = MCS 0.4 mGy, TLD 0.5 mGy; (e) breast = MCS 1.1 mGy, TLD 1.1 mGy; (f) lung = MCS 1.2 mGy, TLD 1.3 mGy.

Conclusion

Overall, in thoracic CT protocols, organ doses simulated by the dose-monitoring software tool were coherent to those measured by TLDs. Despite some challenges, the dose-monitoring software was capable of an accurate dose calculation.
Comparison of Concussion Rates Between NCAA Division I and Division III Men’s and Women’s Ice Hockey Players
Authors: Rosene John M. , Raksnis Bryan , Silva Brie , Woefel Tyler , Visich Paul S. , Dompier Thomas P. , Kerr Zachary Y.
Published: June 2017

Background:

Examinations related to divisional differences in the incidence of sports-related concussions (SRC) in collegiate ice hockey are limited.

Purpose:

To compare the epidemiologic patterns of concussion in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) ice hockey by sex and division.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

A convenience sample of men’s and women’s ice hockey teams in Divisions I and III provided SRC data via the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program during the 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 academic years. Concussion counts, rates, and distributions were examined by factors including injury activity and position. Injury rate ratios (IRRs) and injury proportion ratios (IPRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to compare concussion rates and distributions, respectively.

Results:

Overall, 415 concussions were reported for men’s and women’s ice hockey combined. The highest concussion rate was found in Division I men (0.83 per 1000 athlete-exposures [AEs]), followed by Division III women (0.78/1000 AEs), Division I women (0.65/1000 AEs), and Division III men (0.64/1000 AEs). However, the only significant IRR was that the concussion rate was higher in Division I men than Division III men (IRR = 1.29; 95% CI, 1.02-1.65). The proportion of concussions from checking was higher in men than women (28.5% vs 9.4%; IPR = 3.02; 95% CI, 1.63-5.59); however, this proportion was higher in Division I women than Division III women (18.4% vs 1.8%; IPR = 10.47; 95% CI, 1.37-79.75). The proportion of concussions sustained by goalkeepers was higher in women than men (14.2% vs 2.9%; IPR = 4.86; 95% CI, 2.19-10.77), with findings consistent within each division.

Conclusion:

Concussion rates did not vary by sex but differed by division among men. Checking-related concussions were less common in women than men overall but more common in Division I women than Division III women. Findings highlight the need to better understand the reasons underlying divisional differences within men’s and women’s ice hockey and the need to develop concussion prevention strategies specific to each athlete population.
Discontinuation of Vasopressin Before Norepinephrine in the Recovery Phase of Septic Shock
Authors: Hammond Drayton A. , McCain Kelsey , Painter Jacob T. , Clem Oktawia A. , Cullen Julia , Brotherton Amy L. , Chopra Divyan , Meena Nikhil
Published: June 2017

Background:

Guidance for the discontinuation of vasopressors in the recovery phase of septic shock is limited. Norepinephrine is more easily titrated; however, septic shock is a vasopressin deficient state, which exogenous vasopressin endeavors to resolve. Discontinuation of vasopressin before norepinephrine may result in clinically significant hypotension.

Methods:

This retrospective, cohort study compared discontinuation of norepinephrine and vasopressin in medically, critically ill patients in the recovery phase of septic shock from May 2014 to June 2016. Difference in clinically significant hypotension after norepinephrine or vasopressin discontinuation was evaluated with χ2 test. Linear regression was performed, examining the effect of agent discontinuation on clinically significant hypotension. Baseline variables were examined for a bivariate relationship with clinically significant hypotension; those with P < .2 were included in the model.

Results:

Vasopressin was discontinued first or last in 62 and 92 patients, respectively. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores at 72 hours (7.9 vs 7.6, P = .679) were similar. In unadjusted analysis, when vasopressin was discontinued first, more clinically significant hypotension developed (10.9% vs 67.8%, P < .001). There was no difference in intensive care unit (174 vs 216 hours, P = .178) or hospital duration (470 vs 473 hours, P = .977). In adjusted analyses, discontinuing vasopressin first was associated with increased clinically significant hypotension (odds ratio [OR]: 13.837, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.403-56.250, P < .001) but not in-hospital (OR: 0.659, 95% CI: 0.204-2.137, P = .488) or 28-day mortality (OR: 0.215, 95% CI: 0.037-1.246, P = .086).

Conclusion:

Adult patients receiving norepinephrine and vasopressin in the resolving phase of septic shock may be less likely to develop clinically significant hypotension if vasopressin is the final vasopressor discontinued.
Mentoring Pediatric Victims of Interpersonal Violence Reduces Recidivism
Authors: Lumba-Brown Angela , Batek Margie , Choi Pamela , Keller Martin , Kennedy Robert
Published: June 2017

Pediatric interpersonal violence is a public health crisis resulting in morbidity and mortality and recidivism. St. Louis City and surrounding areas have the highest rates of youth interpersonal violence nationally. St. Louis Children’s Hospital (SLCH) Social Work in conjunction with Pediatric Emergency Medicine established a novel emergency department (ED)–initiated program to determine whether co-location of services followed by outpatient mentoring reduced the rate of morbidity, mortality, and recidivism in youths experiencing interpersonal violence. SLCH developed the “Empowering Youth Through Interpersonal Violence Prevention Program,” co-locating initial social work services and emergency medical services in the pediatric ED. Youths, ages 8 to 17 years, presenting for interpersonal violence were approached for immediate social work counseling and subsequent individualized outpatient mentoring, developed from national best practices and model programs. A prospective 2:1 randomized, controlled pilot study assessing for youth morbidity, mortality, and recidivism was conducted for program service feasibility from 2012 to 2014. The study was followed by a 1-year retrospective analysis of program service integration as a hospital standard-of-care evaluating the same outcome measures. Of the 24 youths who participated in the pilot study and received the intervention, there was a 4% rate of morbidity and recidivism. Conversely, there was a 3.4% rate of mortality, 6.7% rate of morbidity, and 11.8% recidivism rate in those who refused to participate in services. EYIPP was offered as a service from 2014 to 2015 and 57 youths participated with a 3.5% rate of both morbidity and recidivism. During this time, 78 eligible youths declined services with a 1.1% rate of morbidity, and 2.3% recidivism rate. This novelprogram reduces recidivism, morbidity, and mortality in youths presenting to SLCH for interpersonal violence-related injuries suggesting that co-location of social services in the ED, followed by individualized mentoring may be important for engagement.
A Method to Create Body Sizing Systems
Authors: Xia Sibei , Istook Cynthia
Published: June 2017

Literature reviews show that consumers are not satisfied with the fit of garments sold in stores, primarily due to outdated sizing systems used by companies and the limited number of sizes being produced. The purpose of this article is to present a sizing system creation method, which can be applied on body measurement data to improve the overall fit of garments. Data from the SizeUSA study was used. The sizing system creation process included natural log-transformation, principle component analysis, multivariate linear regression, size range determination, and measurements calculation. The created sizing system was then compared with ASTM D5585-11e1. Analysis of the results showed that the method used to create the sizing system was reliable and repeatable. This was an important research effort for apparel manufactures, as it demonstrated a method to create a sizing system that is flexible and can be altered to fit target consumer groups!
Compliance With WHO/UNICEF BFHI Standards in Croatia After Implementation of the BFHI
Authors: Zakarija-Grković Irena , Boban Marija , Janković Sunčana , Ćuže Anamarija , Burmaz Tea
Published: June 2017

Background:

The primary goal of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) is to create conditions in maternity facilities that enable women to initiate and sustain the practice of breastfeeding exclusively.

Research aim:

This study aimed to determine hospital practices and breastfeeding rates before and after BFHI implementation and assess compliance with UNICEF/World Health Organization (WHO) standards for seven of the BFHI’s Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding ( Ten Steps).

Methods:

Mothers of healthy, term infants ( N = 1,115) were recruited from the postnatal ward of the University Hospital of Split, Croatia, between February 2008 and July 2011 and followed for 12 months in a repeated-measures, prospective, longitudinal, three-group, nonequivalent, cohort study. Breastfeeding rates, hospital practices—including seven of the Ten Steps—and maternal sociodemographic data were collected.

Results:

Parts of all seven Ten Steps that were assessed improved significantly post-BFHI. Step 3 (“antenatal education”) showed the least improvement, whereas Step 7 (“rooming-in”; 2.6% pre-BFHI vs. 98.5% post-BFHI) and Step 9 (“no pacifiers/teats”; 21.8% pre-BFHI vs. 99.4% post-BFHI) showed the greatest improvement. Six months after Baby-Friendly designation, only Steps 7 and 9 were in full compliance with UNICEF/WHO standards. In-hospital, exclusive-breastfeeding rates rose markedly ( p < .001), but no change occurred in breastfeeding rates at 3, 6, or 12 months.

Conclusion:

Full implementation of the BFHI was associated with significant improvement in hospital practices and in-hospital, exclusive-breastfeeding rates, but it did not affect breastfeeding rates postdischarge, emphasizing the vital role of community support. Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative standards declined rapidly post-hospital designation, indicating the need for regular monitoring and reassessment as well as ongoing, effective training for hospital staff.
Breastfeeding After Early Repair of Cleft Lip in Newborns With Cleft Lip or Cleft Lip and Palate in a Baby-Friendly Designated Hospital
Authors: Burianova Iva , Kulihova Katarina , Vitkova Veronika , Janota Jan
Published: June 2017

Background:

Goals of treatment of orofacial cleft are to improve feeding, speech, hearing, and facial appearance. Early surgery brings faster healing, better cosmetic effect, and fewer complications. Breastfeeding rates after early surgery are unknown. Early repair of the cleft lip may influence breastfeeding rates.

Research aim:

The aim of this study was to evaluate breastfeeding after early repair of the cleft lip in a Baby-Friendly designated hospital. The rate of breastfeeding in newborns with cleft lip was compared to cleft lip and palate.

Methods:

This was a retrospective cohort study. The study group included infants with cleft lip and cleft lip and palate operated on in the first 2 weeks of life. Newborns and their mothers were supported by a team promoting breastfeeding.

Results:

One hundred four infants (70 boys and 34 girls) were included. Isolated cleft lip was present in 56 (53.8%) infants, and cleft lip and palate in 48 (46.2%). Forty-four (78.6%) of the infants with a cleft lip were breastfed, 3 (5.4%) received human milk via bottle or syringe, and 9 (16.0%) were formula fed. Three (6.2%) of the infants with a cleft lip and palate were breastfed, 31 (64.6%) received human milk via bottle or Haberman feeder, and 14 (29.2%) were formula fed.

Conclusion:

The rate of breastfeeding in patients following early surgery of the cleft lip was high and comparable to the general population. The rate of breastfeeding in babies with cleft lip and palate after early repair of the cleft lip remained low.
Using a Music Video Parody to Promote Breastfeeding and Increase Comfort Levels Among Young Adults
Authors: Austen Erin L. , Beadle Julie , Lukeman Sionnach , Lukeman Ellen , Aquino Nicola
Published: June 2017

Background:

North Americans are not meeting the World Health Organization’s breastfeeding recommendations. Young adults understand that breastfeeding is healthy but are uncomfortable seeing breastfeeding.

Research aim:

The aim of the current project was to determine if a music video parody promoting breastfeeding is perceived by young adults to be an effective means of promotion and if exposure to such a video could increase comfort levels.

Methods:

Young adults rated how comfortable they felt looking at breastfeeding and bottle-feeding images (pretest). Two months later, a subset of participants watched the music video parody “Breastfeeding My Baby.” In Phase 1, participants completed the picture-rating task again (posttest) after a 2-month delay, plus a survey to assess memory and perception of the video. In Phase 2, participants were reminded of the video before completing the comfort ratings, and in the final phase, posttest measures were administered only 1 week after exposure to the video.

Results:

Across all phases, the video was perceived to be effective and was memorable. Breastfeeding comfort ratings were comparable at pretest across participant groups; comfort ratings improved at posttest for participants who saw the video but only if they were reminded of seeing it before providing their ratings. At shorter intervals between seeing the video and completing the posttests, comfort ratings for breastfeeding images increased for all participants, highlighting the general importance of exposure to breastfeeding.

Conclusion:

Young adults are receptive to using a music video parody to promote breastfeeding, which can help to increase comfort levels with breastfeeding.
The Role of Social-Cognitive and Emotional Factors on Exclusive Breastfeeding Duration
Authors: Shepherd Lee , Walbey Cherokee , Lovell Brian
Published: June 2017

Background:

Previous research has suggested that exclusive breastfeeding is likely to be predicted by social-cognitive variables and fear. However, there is little research assessing the role of regret and self-conscious emotions (e.g., pride and guilt) in promoting exclusive breastfeeding.

Research aim:

The primary aim of this research was to determine whether social-cognitive variables, fear, regret, and self-conscious emotions predict exclusive breastfeeding duration. The secondary aim of this research was to assess whether these factors predict infant-feeding choice (i.e., exclusively breastfed, combination fed, or generally formula fed).

Methods:

In this nonexperimental one-group self-report survey, 375 mothers rated social-cognitive variables toward breastfeeding (attitude, subjective norm, perceived control, and self-efficacy), their fear toward inadequate nutrition from breastfeeding and breastfeeding damaging their physical appearance, and the extent to which mothers may feel pride toward breastfeeding and negative self-conscious emotions (guilt and shame) and regret for not breastfeeding their infant.

Results:

Exclusive breastfeeding duration was positively predicted by self-efficacy, pride, and regret but negatively predicted by the fear toward inadequate nutrition. We also found that in contrast with exclusive breastfeeding, generally formula feeding an infant was associated with lower self-efficacy, pride, and regret but higher subjective norm and fear toward inadequate nutrition through breastfeeding.

Conclusion:

The authors argue that it is important to consider the role of self-conscious emotions and regret on exclusive breastfeeding.
Sociodemographic Factors Associated With Changes in Successful Aging in Spain: A Follow-Up Study
Authors: Domènech-Abella Joan , Perales Jaime , Lara Elvira , Moneta Maria Victoria , Izquierdo Ana , Rico-Uribe Laura Alejandra , Mundó Jordi , Haro Josep Maria
Published: June 2017

Objective:Successful aging (SA) refers to maintaining well-being in old age. Several definitions or models of SA exist (biomedical, psychosocial, and mixed). We examined the longitudinal association between various SA models and sociodemographic factors, and analyzed the patterns of change within these models. Method: This was a nationally representative follow-up in Spain including 3,625 individuals aged ≥50 years. Some 1,970 individuals were interviewed after 3 years. Linear regression models were used to analyze the survey data. Results: Age, sex, and occupation predicted SA in the biomedical model, while marital status, educational level, and urbanicity predicted SA in the psychosocial model. The remaining models included different sets of these predictors as significant. In the psychosocial model, individuals tended to improve over time but this was not the case in the biomedical model. Conclusion: The biomedical and psychosocial components of SA need to be addressed specifically to achieve the best aging trajectories.
Impact of competency-based and target-oriented training on employee performance
Authors: Arslan Rıdvan , Uzaslan N. Tufan
Published: June 2017

Some firms have applied different in-house training models to keep up with new technological innovations in their specific fields. This study investigated how a target-oriented in-house training programme should be developed and how it should be evaluated for effectiveness. The aim of the study was to develop, implement and evaluate a competency-based and target-oriented training programme with the cooperation of both the academic and the automotive industrial sectors. During this process, 124 employees of Bosch Rexroth Company were trained via a specific target-oriented programme. The effectiveness of the training was assessed using pre- and post-tests, a course evaluation survey and peer evaluation performance analyses. At the end of the study, the success rate of the participants, according to the pre- and post-tests, had increased by 54 points on a 100-point scale. Furthermore, in a participant feedback survey, 93% of the respondents said that the programme had contributed positively to their working life. The most important result was that, according to performance analyses, 26% of the participants had improved their performance relative to an untrained cohort. The goals and outcomes proved to be encouraging for future programmes.
Failure mode–driven quality analysis of operational risks for composite fiber-reinforced plastic assembly
Authors: Mo John PT , Suparayan Bathmarajah
Published: June 2017

Composite fiber-reinforced plastic products have many failure modes in the manufacturing stage. The cost of rework is high. To ensure a reliable manufacturing process and outcome, this article presents a new method to prioritize assembly process errors according to a risk-based cost of poor quality. The method combines a range of reliability techniques including cause–effect diagram, fault tree, and analytic hierarchy process to achieve multiple failure mode assessment. The outcome of this research provides direct links to develop risk mitigation plans to treat the prioritized risks of production errors in the composite fiber-reinforced plastic assembly process.
Black and White Lies: Race-Based Biases in Deception Judgments
Authors: Lloyd E. Paige , Hugenberg Kurt , McConnell Allen R. , Kunstman Jonathan W. , Deska Jason C.
Published: June 2017

In six studies ( N = 605), participants made deception judgments about videos of Black and White targets who told truths and lies about interpersonal relationships. In Studies 1a, 1b, 1c, and 2, White participants judged that Black targets were telling the truth more often than they judged that White targets were telling the truth. This truth bias was predicted by Whites’ motivation to respond without prejudice. For Black participants, however, motives to respond without prejudice did not moderate responses (Study 2). In Study 3, we found similar effects with a manipulation of the targets’ apparent race. Finally, in Study 4, we used eye-tracking techniques to demonstrate that Whites’ truth bias for Black targets is likely the result of late-stage correction processes: Despite ultimately judging that Black targets were telling the truth more often than White targets, Whites were faster to fixate on the on-screen “lie” response box when targets were Black than when targets were White. These systematic race-based biases have important theoretical implications (e.g., for lie detection and improving intergroup communication and relations) and practical implications (e.g., for reducing racial bias in law enforcement).
Examining Applicability of RSQS with Added Dimensions for Organized Apparel Retailers in India
Authors: Hasan Arif
Published: June 2017

This study endeavours to validate and develop a scale for organized apparel retail stores, as there is a need to develop and validate a modified instrument. Primary data have been collected from selected organized apparel retailers. Statistical tools, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM), were applied. It revealed that Retail Service Quality Scale (RSQS) model in original form is deficient and less appropriate in the Indian context, modified scale (i.e., Apparel Store Service & Product Quality Scale [ASSPQS]) may exhibit strong model fit for apparel retail sector. The findings and recommendations will enable retail stores to gather insights into current levels of service and product quality and may facilitate them in the improvement of certain aspects in service and product quality of the stores.
The Growing Concerns Regarding School Resource Officers
Authors: Ryan Joseph B. , Katsiyannis Antonis , Counts Jennifer M. , Shelnut Jill C.
Published: June 2017

There have been an increasing number of incidents in which school resource officers (SRO) have been used to manage student disciplinary issues with disastrous results. Court cases brought by parents and advocacy groups claim SROs have traumatized and injured students. This article addresses several critical issues concerning SROs being used to manage student misbehavior, lack of training, lack of policies regulating roles and responsibilities, and inadvertently promoting a school-to-prison pipeline. The authors provide recommendations and best practices for future use.
Demographic Change, Latino Countermobilization, and the Politics of Immigration in US Senate Campaigns
Authors: Reny Tyler
Published: June 2017

Demographic changes from decades of mass immigration and shifts in internal migration patterns are upending the traditional racial composition of many states throughout the United States, transforming the American electorate, and increasing both the political salience of immigration and the racial salience of Latinos. Politicizing these visible demographic shifts has become an increasingly common strategy by both Democrats and Republicans with potentially significant electoral effects. While many have examined the impact of these demographic changes on dominant receiving populations’ attitudes, few have examined how changing demographics are shaping immigration politics in electoral campaigns. Specifically, under what conditions do political candidates politicize demographic change? I hypothesize that both political and demographic considerations drive variation in immigration appeals. I test my hypotheses using a novel dataset of candidate campaign websites from 2010, 2012, and 2014 US Senate primary and general elections. I argue that racial party cleavages increase the electoral temptation of immigration appeals but it is the interaction between state-level Latino population growth, electoral competition, and Latino voters that determines campaign strategy more broadly and moderates the use of pro- and anti-immigrant appeals.