bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanoscale optical positioning of single quantum dots for bright and pure single-photon emission
Authors: Sapienza Luca , Davanço Marcelo , Badolato Antonio , Srinivasan Kartik
Published: July 2015

Self-assembled, epitaxially grown InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) are promising semiconductor quantum emitters that can be integrated on a chip for a variety of photonic quantum information science applications. However, self-assembled growth results in an essentially random in-plane spatial distribution of QDs, presenting a challenge in creating devices that exploit the strong interaction of single QDs with highly confined optical modes. Here, we present a photoluminescence imaging approach for locating single QDs with respect to alignment features with an average position uncertainty <30 nm (<10 nm when using a solid-immersion lens), which represents an enabling technology for the creation of optimized single QD devices. To that end, we create QD single-photon sources, based on a circular Bragg grating geometry, that simultaneously exhibit high collection efficiency (48%±5% into a 0.4 numerical aperture lens, close to the theoretically predicted value of 50%), low multiphoton probability (g(2)(0) <1%), and a significant Purcell enhancement factor (≈3).
Combined transcriptome studies identify AFF3 as a mediator of the oncogenic effects of β-catenin in adrenocortical carcinoma
Authors: Lefèvre L , Omeiri H , Drougat L , Hantel C , Giraud M , Val P , Rodriguez S , Perlemoine K , Blugeon C , Beuschlein F , de Reyniès A , Rizk-Rabin M , Bertherat J , Ragazzon B
Published: July 2015

Adrenocortical cancer (ACC) is a very aggressive tumor, and genomics studies demonstrate that the most frequent alterations of driver genes in these cancers activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. However, the adrenal-specific targets of oncogenic β-catenin-mediating tumorigenesis have not being established. A combined transcriptomic analysis from two series of human tumors and the human ACC cell line H295R harboring a spontaneous β-catenin activating mutation was done to identify the Wnt/β-catenin targets. Seven genes were consistently identified in the three studies. Among these genes, we found thatAFF3mediates the oncogenic effects of β-catenin in ACC. The Wnt response element site located at nucleotide position −1408 of the AFF3 transcriptional start sites (TSS) mediates the regulation by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.AFF3silencing decreases cell proliferation and increases apoptosis in the ACC cell line H295R. AFF3 is located in nuclear speckles, which play an important role in RNA splicing. AFF3 overexpression in adrenocortical cells interferes with the organization and/or biogenesis of these nuclear speckles and alters the distribution of CDK9 and cyclin T1 such that they accumulate at the sites of AFF3/speckles. We demonstrate thatAFF3is a new target of Wnt/β-catenin pathway involved in ACC, acting on transcription and RNA splicing.
Field populations of native Indian honey bees from pesticide intensive agricultural landscape show signs of impaired olfaction
Authors: Chakrabarti Priyadarshini , Rana Santanu , Bandopadhyay Sreejata , Naik Dattatraya G. , Sarkar Sagartirtha , Basu Parthiba
Published: July 2015

Little information is available regarding the adverse effects of pesticides on natural honey bee populations. This study highlights the detrimental effects of pesticides on honey bee olfaction through behavioural studies, scanning electron microscopic imaging of antennal sensillae and confocal microscopic studies of honey bee brains for calcium ions on Apis cerana, a native Indian honey bee species. There was a significant decrease in proboscis extension response and biologically active free calcium ions and adverse changes in antennal sensillae in pesticide exposed field honey bee populations compared to morphometrically similar honey bees sampled from low/no pesticide sites. Controlled laboratory experiments corroborated these findings. This study reports for the first time the changes in antennal sensillae, expression of Calpain 1(an important calcium binding protein) and resting state free calcium in brains of honey bees exposed to pesticide stress.
Nanomaterial-based activatable imaging probes: from design to biological applications
Authors: Li Jingjing , Cheng Fangfang , Huang Haiping , Li Lingling , Zhu Jun-Jie
Published: July 2015

This review focuses on the design and biological applications of nanomaterial-based activatable imaging probes reported in the past five years.
Characteristic lipid profiles of canine non-Hodgkin's lymphoma from surgical biopsy tissue sections and fine needle aspirate smears by desorption electrospray ionization – mass spectrometry
Authors: Jarmusch Alan K. , Kerian Kevin S. , Pirro Valentina , Peat Tyler , Thompson Craig A. , Ramos-Vara José A. , Childress Michael O. , Cooks R. Graham
Published: July 2015

Exploring lipid information characteristic of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma using DESI – mass spectrometry.
Quantification of Salmonella Typhimurium in liquid food using NanoGene assay
Authors: Ahn Joo-Myung , Son Ahjeong
Published: July 2015

Quantification of Salmonella Typhimurium in liquid food by inhibitor resistant NanoGene assay.
Aptamer-functionalized CdTe:Zn2+ quantum dots for the detection of tomato systemin
Authors: Liu Chen , Mao Guobin , Su Chen , Ji Xinghu , Chen Zilin , He Zhike
Published: July 2015

A simple, specific and rapid fluorescent aptasensor based on GO and one-step synthesis of DNA-functionalized QDs has been developed for the detection of tomato systemin.
ortho-(Methyltosylaminoethynyl)benzyl glycosides as new glycosyl donors for latent-active glycosylation
Authors: Chen Xiaoping , Shen Dacheng , Wang Qiaoling , Yang You , Yu Biao
Published: July 2015

A new glycosylation protocol with ortho-(methyltosylaminoethynyl)benzyl glycosides as donors is disclosed.
Molecular analysis of interactions between a PAMAM dendrimer–paclitaxel conjugate and a biomembrane
Authors: He XiaoCong , Lin Min , Lu TianJian , Qu ZhiGuo , Xu Feng
Published: July 2015

Understanding the underlying mechanism of nanomedicine–biomembrane interactions is important for the design and optimization of payload delivery systems.
Charge carrier mobilities in organic semiconductors: crystal engineering and the importance of molecular contacts
Authors: Bashir Asif , Heck Alexander , Narita Akimitsu , Feng Xinliang , Nefedov Alexei , Rohwerder Michael , Müllen Klaus , Elstner Marcus , Wöll Christof
Published: July 2015

We have conducted a combined experimental and theoretical study on the packing optimization of hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) as organic semiconductor.
High efficiency stable inverted perovskite solar cells without current hysteresis
Authors: Wu Chun-Guey , Chiang Chien-Hung , Tseng Zong-Liang , Nazeeruddin Md. K. , Hagfeldt Anders , Grätzel Michael
Published: July 2015

The inverted CH3NH3PbI3 cell fabricated using a two-step method with H2O as an additive in a PbI2 solution exhibited an extremely high FF of 85%.
A novel formula from mulberry leaf ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in rats via inhibiting the TGF-β1 pathway
Authors: Zhang Qichun , Lu Ying , Ma Zhi , Li Yu , Guo Jing , Meng Qinghai , Bian Huimin
Published: July 2015

A novel formula derived from mulberry leaf ameliorates metabolic syndrome and kidney function of diabetic nephropathy rats.
Chemical recycling of unsaturated polyester resin and its composites via selective cleavage of the ester bond
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Cui Xiaojing , Yang Qiqi , Deng Tiansheng , Wang Yingxiong , Yang Yongxing , Jia Shiyu , Qin Zhangfeng , Hou Xianglin
Published: July 2015

Unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) is recycled by using the AlCl3/CH3COOH degradation system via selectively cleaving the ester bond.
H2O2in WEB: a highly efficient catalyst system for the Dakin reaction
Authors: Saikia Bishwajit , Borah Parinita , Barua Nabin Chandra
Published: July 2015

Without using any transition metal catalyst, ligand, base, toxic or hazardous reagent, additives/promoters and organic solvent, Dakin reactions have been successfully carried out by using H2O2in neat ‘Water Extract of Banana’ (WEB) at room temperature under aerobic conditions in very short reaction times.
Measurement of sample and plasma properties in solution-cathode glow discharge and effects of organic additives on these properties
Authors: Decker Christian G. , Webb Michael R.
Published: July 2015

Effects of organic additives on spectroscopic and electrical properties of a solution-cathode glow discharge are measured. Effects of the discharge on sample solutions with and without additives are measured.
2,6-Dihalo-9-selenabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes and their complexes with selenium dihalides: synthesis and structural characterisation
Authors: Potapov Vladimir A. , Amosova Svetlana V. , Abramova Elena V. , Musalov Maxim V. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Finn M. G.
Published: July 2015

2,6-Dihalo-9-selenabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes form the 2 : 1 complexes with SeCl2and SeBr2, which are the first representatives of coordination compounds with the Se⋯Se⋯Se bonds.
Redox-dependent self-sorting toggles a rotary nanoswitch
Authors: Schmittel Michael , De Soumen , Pramanik Susnata
Published: July 2015

The pyridine–pyrimidine (py–pym) arm as the moving part of the two-state nanomechanical rotary switch [Cu(1)]+ is toggled reversibly between two stations using one-electron oxidation/reduction.
Amphiphilic core cross-linked star polymers as water-soluble, biocompatible and biodegradable unimolecular carriers for hydrophobic drugs
Authors: Gu D. , Ladewig K. , Klimak M. , Haylock D. , McLean K. M. , O'Connor A. J. , Qiao G. G.
Published: July 2015

We report a series of amphiphilic, unimolecular, biocompatible, biodegradable and readily functionalisable PEG-PCL-based CCS polymers formed in a well-controlled manner and their application as a carrier of hydrophobic anthracycline drugs.
Novel hybrid membranes by incorporating SiO2 nanoparticles using in situ microemulsion polymerization: preparation, characterization and enhancement in the performance for CO2/N2
Authors: Wang Ting , Cheng Cheng , Shen Jiang-nan , Wu Li-guang , van der Bruggen Bart , Dong Chun-ying
Published: July 2015

SiO2/PMMA membranes by in situ microemulsion polymerization showed high separation performance, due to the good distribution of small SiO2 in the polymer.
Experimental study on the performance of foamy oil flow under different solution gas–oil ratios
Authors: Li Songyan , Li Zhaomin , Wang Zhuangzhuang
Published: July 2015

The lower limit of solution gas–oil ratio for foamy oil from Carabobo reservoir was determined by sandpack and visualization experiments, and explained by interfacial tension, interfacial dilational viscoelasticity, oil viscosity and elastic energy.
Asymmetric reduction of imines with trichlorosilane catalyzed by valine-derived formamide immobilized onto magnetic nano-Fe3O4
Authors: Ge Xin , Qian Chao , Ye Xiaoming , Chen Xinzhi
Published: July 2015

Magnetic nano-Fe3O4-supported organocatalysts were synthesized by anchoring valine-derived formamide onto the surface of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, which were applied in the asymmetric reduction of imines with trichlorosilane.
Organocatalytic [4+1]-annulation approach for the synthesis of densely functionalized pyrazolidine carboxylates
Authors: Lalwani Komal G. , Aher Ravindra D. , Sudalai Arumugam
Published: July 2015

The present protocol provides optically active pyrazolidine carboxylates with derivatizable functional groups in high yields with excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivities.
Raman modes, dipole moment and chirality in periodically positioned Au8clusters
Authors: Pradhani A. , Halder O. , Nozaki S. , Rath S.
Published: July 2015

The solution-based assembly of h-Au8clusters into a local periodic structure (LPS) of periodicity 1.47 nm with negative chirality as confirmed by experimental and theoretical analyses exhibits excitonic couplet state.
Constructing one dimensional assembly of poly methylacrylic acid capping gold nanoparticles for selective and colorimetric detection of aminoglycoside antibiotics
Authors: Li Junbo , Zhang Ke , Liang Ju , Wu Wenlan , Guo Jinwu , Zhou Huiyun
Published: July 2015

The disperse PMMA-@-AuNPs particles turn to chain-like arrays driven by electrostatic dipole interaction between AMGs and carboxylic group. The process shows a distinct color change companied the rise of zeta-potentials.
Low temperature synthesis of ZrS2 nanoflakes and their catalytic activity
Authors: Wen Yan , Zhu Yanqiu , Zhang Shaowei
Published: July 2015

ZrS2 nanoflakes of 10–30 nm were prepared via a gaseous reaction between ZrCl4 and S at as low as 800 °C.
Indium oxide nanocluster doped TiO2 catalyst for activation of molecular O2
Authors: Amoli Vipin , Farooqui Saleem , Rai Aditya , Santra Chiranjit , Rahman Sumbul , Sinha Anil Kumar , Chowdhury Biswajit
Published: July 2015

The In2O3 nanocluster doped faceted nanosize anatase TiO2 can activate molecular O2 for styrene epoxidation reaction.
Metal-free C–N cross-coupling of electrophilic compounds and N-haloimides
Authors: Zhang Luyan , Li Yanru , Jin Long-Yi , Liang Fushun
Published: July 2015

When DBU is added, the cross-coupling reaction between alkyl halides (halogen = Cl, Br and I) and N-haloimides (halogen = Cl, Br) occurs, resulting in the formation of aminated products.
High-performance light-emitting diodes using hierarchical m-plane GaN nano-prism light extractors
Authors: M. Siva Pratap Reddy , Park Herie , Kim Se-Min , Jang Seon-Ho , Jang Ja-Soon
Published: July 2015

We demonstrated high-performance GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with hierarchical m-plane nano-prism light extractors on the n-GaN mesa sidewalls by using a tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH)-based crystallographic etching technique.
Orbital Compartment Syndrome Leading to Visual Loss following Orbital Floor Reconstruction
Authors: Susarla Srinivas M. , Nam Arthur J. , Dorafshar Amir H.
Published: July 2015

Reconstruction of posttraumatic orbital defects carries the attendant risk of injury to the ocular adnexa, globe, and associated neurovascular structures. Blindness following repair of orbital fractures is an infrequent but well-documented phenomenon. Visual acuity loss can be related to direct intraoperative injury to the optic nerve, retinal arterial occlusion, or delayed presentation of acute optic nerve injury. In this report, we document a unique case of acute optic nerve infarction occurring 14 hours following orbital floor exploration and repair in a 56-year-old man.
Starch Debranching Enzyme Activity and Its Effects on Some Starch Physicochemical Characteristics in Developing Substituted and Complete Triticales (X Triticosecale Wittmack)
Authors: Cornejo‐Ramírez Yaeel I. , Ramírez‐Reyes Francisco , Cinco‐Moroyoqui Francisco J. , Rosas‐Burgos Ema C. , Martínez‐Cruz Oliviert , Carvajal‐Millán Elizabeth , Cárdenas‐López José L. , Torres‐Chavez Patricia I. , Osuna‐Amarillas Pablo S. , Borboa‐Flores Jesús , Wong‐Corral Francisco J.
Published: July 2015

The present work was carried out to make a comparison between the starch debranching enzyme activity and the synthesis of total carbohydrates, starch, amylose, and amylopectin in developing kernels of two sets of triticales differing in genome composition (complete and substituted triticales). The results showed that the carbohydrate and starch accumulation observed in both genotypes of triticales increased rapidly at the early stage, reaching the maximum at the medium stage and decreasing slightly or remaining relatively constant at the last stage of kernel development. At the end of the development stage, the mature grains of complete and substituted triticales accumulated 62.5 and 54.6% starch, respectively. Both sets of triticales showed the same amylose accumulation profile as well as degree of polymerization; however, at the maturity stage there was a small but significant difference between the two sets. The final polymerization values of amylose chains in mature seeds of complete and substituted triticales were DP 1,549 and 1,313. A and B1 amylopectin chains of the complete triticales were approximately 19 and 33% shorter than those of the substituted triticales. The complete triticales showed higher isoamylase and pullulanase activities than the substituted triticales, which coincided with the highest starch and amylose contents observed in kernels under development. The results of this study demonstrate that the synthesis of starch differs between the triticale genotypes used in the study, which influences their chemical structure and physicochemical properties.
Functional Properties of Rice Bran Protein Isolate at Different pH Levels
Authors: Esmaeili Mahroo , Rafe Ali , Shahidi Seyed‐Ahmad , Ghorbani Hasan‐Saraei Azade
Published: July 2015

The functional properties of proteins from Tarom and Shiroodi cultivars were determined and compared with technological aspects of food and nutraceutical applications. Shiroodi has higher protein content than Tarom, and the yields of protein obtained were 72.88 and 66.36%, respectively. Nitrogen solubilities of rice bran protein of Tarom were more than Shiroodi at all pH levels. In addition, higher solubility was found in acidic or alkaline conditions. Although the rice bran proteins had lower emulsifying properties than bovine serum albumin, they had similar foaming properties in comparison with egg white. Tarom isolates had a significantly higher solubility, emulsifying property, and foaming stability and greater surface properties than Shiroodi isolates. The results showed the surface hydrophobicities of rice bran protein were greater than casein and ovalbumin and lower than other proteins such as bovine serum albumin. Water and oil absorption capacities were 1.03 and 1.66 for Tarom and 87.3 and 75.3 for Shiroodi, respectively. The bulk densities of Tarom and Shiroodi were also 0.55 and 0.53 g/mL, which make them suitable for weaning food and other industrial applications. As a result, these rice bran proteins showed higher hydrophobicity than that of other rice bran protein varieties as well as more functionality. Thus, they have good potential in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Functional Characteristics of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Near‐Isogenic Lines Differing at the Waxy (Wx) Locus
Authors: Ramachandran Adithya , Hucl Pierre , Briggs Connie
Published: July 2015

The Waxy (Wx) gene in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) encodes granule‐bound starch synthase (GBSS1), which is involved in the synthesis of amylose, a mostly linear glucan polymer that makes up ∼25% of wheat starch. A null mutation of the Wx gene in each of the three genomes is associated with starch almost entirely consisting of the branched glucan polymer amylopectin (waxy starch), with corresponding changes in functionality. However, the rheological behavior of partially waxy starch remains unclear. The objective of this study was to characterize flour and baking quality in 16 near‐isogenic lines, null at the Wx locus on zero, one, two, or all three genomes, grown in four different environments. Across allelic groups, significant variations in amylose concentrations, flour paste viscosity, loaf structure and texture, dough stability, and proximate variables were observed. Because waxy wheat starch has greater water absorbance and resistance to retrogradation than normal starch, its inclusion in flour blends has been suggested as a means of improving the texture and appearance of bakery products and noodles. The results indicate that wheat encoding <3 functional homeologs of GBSS1 produces starch that has potential in the production of certain food items, such as Asian noodles. However, further research is necessary to determine the optimal amylose‐to‐amylopectin ratio to improve baking quality.
Microbacterium nanhaiense sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from sea sediment
Authors: Yan Lien , Wang Jingjing , Chen Zhirong , Guan Yingying , Li Jing
Published: July 2015

A Gram-staining-positive, heterotrophic, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped strain, OAct400T, belonging to the genus Microbacterium was isolated from a sediment collected from a depth of 2093 m in the South China Sea, China. The strain was identified using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The strain grew well on yeast extract/malt extract agar (ISP 2) and nutrient agar media, and formed no aerial mycelium and no diffusible pigments on any media tested. The strain grew in the presence of 0–8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2–4 %), at pH 5.0–10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and at 4–37 °C (optimum, 28 °C). Strain OAct400T contained ornithine as the diagnostic diamino acid. The whole-cell sugars were dominated by glucose and galactose. The predominant menaquinones were MK-11 (51 %) and MK-10 (24 %). The major phospholipids were phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (59.35 %), iso-C16 : 0 (17.89 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (16.09 %). DNA–DNA relatedness with Microbacterium amylolyticum DSM 24221T and Microbacterium gubbeenense CIP 107184T, the nearest phylogenetic relatives (97.73 and 97.44 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively) was 31.3 ± 2.1 and 28.7 ± 1.2 %, respectively. On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, a novel species, Microbacterium nanhaiense sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is OAct400T ( = CGMCC 4.7181T = DSM 26811T = KCTC 29185T).
Corporate perspectives: commonalities and differences between Six Sigma and Lean
Authors: M. Vijaya Sunder
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to present the corporate views of the commonalities and differences between two of the most powerful methodologies for process improvement in organisations.

Design/methodology/approach

– The approach taken was to collate the viewpoints from various corporate professionals. Participants were chosen from different countries across the globe, with a median experience of 10 years as a quality professional with expertise in the field of both Lean and Six Sigma.

Findings

– Thirty-one key points have been highlighted as findings, as a summary of viewpoints provided by the participants. Fourteen commonalities and 17 differences between Six Sigma and Lean were identified. Key findings were grouped under four categories – Approach, Customer, Focus and Organisation.

Research limitations/implications

– The corporate opinions expressed in the paper are those of a few professionals selected for the study. It is important to capture the viewpoints of more such practitioners to arrive at sound and valid conclusions.

Originality/value

– The paper provides an excellent platform for both academicians and working professionals to understand the corporate views of commonalities and differences between the two powerful process improvement methodologies. The paper lays a platform for researchers to understand the applications of Six Sigma and Lean for process excellence.
The impact of company-dependent and company-independent information sources on organizational attractiveness perceptions
Authors: Lin Hsiu-Fen
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– Grounded in the extended technology acceptance model and dual-process theory, the purpose of this paper is to develop a research model to examine the impact of company-dependent (e.g. recruitment web sites) and company-independent (e.g. social influences) information sources on job seeker perceptions of organizational attractiveness.

Design/methodology/approach

– Utilizing data collected from 193 participants in Taiwan, various relationships in the research model are tested using the partial least squares approach.

Findings

– The results indicated that job seeker beliefs (perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use) of recruitment web sites and social influence factors (informational and normative social influences) are important antecedents of organizational attractiveness. Furthermore, system quality affects perceived ease of use, while information quality and service quality influence both perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of recruitment web sites.

Practical implications

– Organizations need to put time and effort into ensuring that job seekers are satisfied with the information and service quality of recruitment web sites, since these two service-oriented web site features can enhance job seeker perceptions of organizational attractiveness. Additionally, perhaps the recruitment web sites can add links designed specifically for the social influencers such as parents, significant others, or teachers.

Originality/value

– The empirical approach is novel to the recruitment literature, and this study demonstrates its viability in providing a more comprehensive examination of the role of recruitment-related information sources for organizational attractiveness perceptions. These contributions also have practical implications for organizations: understanding how various recruitment-related information sources are likely to affect job seeker attraction and application decisions may improve organizational recruitment effectiveness by building a well-designed recruitment web site and positive word of mouth from existing employees.
Personality and learning processes underlying maverickism
Authors: Gardiner Elliroma , Jackson Chris J
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– Maverickism is the tendency of an individual to be socially competent, creative, goal focussed, risk-taking and disruptive. Previous research with the five-factor model (FFM) shows that individuals high in maverickism exhibit both functional and dysfunctional tendencies. The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast the descriptive FFM with the process-oriented hybrid model of learning in personality (HMLP), in the prediction of maverickism.

Design/methodology/approach

– Employing a cross-sectional design with 490 full-time workers the authors use the NEO-International Personality Item Pool and the Learning Styles Profiler to examine differences in the FFM and HMLP in the prediction of maverickism.

Findings

– Results with the FFM, identify extraversion, openness and (low) agreeableness as significant predictors of maverickism. All factors of the HMLP (except conscientious learning) significantly predict maverickism. Hierarchal regression analysis shows that the HMLP accounts for an additional 21 percent of variance in maverickism over and above that of the FFM.

Research limitations/implications

– The authors have tested and built theory by identifying not only what predicts maverickism, but also how the learning processes of the HMLP interrelate to predict maverickism.

Practical implications

– Managers interested in developing the maverick potential of their employees will find this study useful because it identifies what to look for in maverick workers.

Social implications

– Individuals high in maverickism have the potential for radical innovation. Understanding how to identify and develop these individuals may lead to larger societal benefits.

Originality/value

– The authors are the first to use the HMLP to test maverickism. The research highlights the importance of both personality and learning processes in maverickism.
Entrepreneurial cognitions in academia: exploring gender differences
Authors: Alonso-Galicia Patricia Esther , Fernández-Pérez Virginia , Rodríguez-Ariza Lázaro , Fuentes-Fuentes María del Mar
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to draw from an adapted model of the Theory of Planned Behaviour and from existing models of entrepreneurial intention (EI) to analyse the role of gender on academics’ perceptions concerning the commercialisation of their research results. In particular, the authors explore differences in perceptions arising from diverse cognitions, such as attitudes towards entrepreneurial activities, the influence of close social groups and opportunity recognition self-efficacy.

Design/methodology/approach

– A questionnaire was addressed to 500 Spanish academics who have headed research projects with public funding in technology-related areas, and the results were subjected to multigroup structural equation analysis (LISREL) to determine the extent and nature of the differences within this group.

Findings

– The results obtained show that the influence of close social groups is perceived differently by men and women, particularly as regards the support received for academics’ attitudes and perceptions of control over the development of EI.

Practical implications

– The aim is to better understand the world facing academics and the influences on their intention to commercialise research outcomes. An understanding of these issues offers the opportunity to design appropriate government interventions to assist academic entrepreneurs undertaking a business venture.

Originality/value

– This paper considers an under-researched area that of female entrepreneurship in academia, traditionally considered a male-dominated activity. Helpful information is provided on gender differences in the academic context.
Exchange mechanisms between ethical leadership and affective commitment
Authors: Loi Raymond , Lam Long W. , Ngo Hang Yue , Cheong Sok-ian
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine the underlying exchange mechanisms between ethical leadership behavior and affective commitment. The authors hypothesized that ethical leadership behavior enhances perceived organizational support (POS), which then raises employee affective commitment. The authors further predicted that economic exchange weakens such indirect effect of ethical leadership on affective commitment via POS.

Design/methodology/approach

– Using a two-phase survey, the authors tested the hypotheses with a sample of 176 bank employees in Macau using hierarchical regression analysis and bootstrapping.

Findings

– POS was found to mediate the relationship between ethical leadership behavior and affective commitment, whereas economic exchange was found to moderate the ethical leadership behavior – POS relationship as well as its indirect effect on affective commitment via POS.

Originality/value

– By identifying POS as the mediator and economic exchange as the moderator, this study enhances our knowledge of the dynamics of multiple exchange mechanisms linking ethical leadership behavior to affective commitment.
The predictive validity of the team diagnostic survey
Authors: Eisele Per
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– The aims of the present study were to test the predictive validity of the Swedish version of the Team Diagnostic Survey (TDS).

Design/methodology/approach

– A model with both performance and satisfaction was tested with structural equation model (SEM) analyses. Participants completing the survey were employees (N = 214) across three large workplaces. Analyses were done at the group level and data from 33 teams were included in the final data material.

Findings

– Results from validation data indicate that the TDS has satisfactory high Cronbach’s alpha values on most factors. Results from the SEM analyses show a moderate model fit for the main model. Team-level factors predict both performance and satisfaction, while organization and coaching factors do not.

Research limitations/implications

– The present study was limited to a cross-sectional design, but earlier studies have shown that the accuracy of the TDS remains consistent over time. The main purpose of this study was to test the predictive validity of the instrument. Theoretical implications of the study are that a survey can be used to get a valid overall picture of the real-life work team’s effectiveness.

Practical implications

– Practical implications of the study are that communication between researcher and/or consultant and organizational stakeholders is made easier, as the most important factors that affect team effectiveness are identified.

Originality/value

– The work on the development on TDS has shown that it is possible to use a complex instrument to diagnose work groups, and this line of research is leading the way for better instruments.
An effective knowledge quality framework based on knowledge resources interdependencies
Authors: Sabetzadeh Farzad , Tsui Eric
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new knowledge quality assessment framework based on interdependencies between content and schema as knowledge resources to enhance the quality of the knowledge that is being generated, disseminated and stored in a collaborative environment.

Design/methodology/approach

– A knowledge elaboration approach is based on intervening factors of schematic clustering applied to a trial wiki bulletin board. Through this schematic intervention in the form of group creation within a wiki environment, a user-centric mechanism is created to substantiate, compose and narrate the generated contents in a self-organizing way.

Findings

– Through this approach, quality in content can be enhanced by means of a favourably manipulated collaboration schema adopted by the knowledge management system (KMS) users instead of applying knowledge mining tools.

Research limitations/implications

– With consideration to trust as a significant factor in this study, the verification and referral process may vary for KMS structures that are of larger scale or in low-trust collaborative environments.

Originality/value

– This study demonstrates transition to higher quality knowledge with less time spent on the original content refinement and composition by paying due consideration to the interdependencies between knowledge resource content and its schema. Validation is done via a clustered group structure in a specially designed wiki which had been used as a discussion bulletin board on directed topics over an extended period.
Possible enhancement of BP180 autoantibody production by herpes zoster
Authors: Kamiya Koji , Aoyama Yumi , Suzuki Takahiro , Niwa Haruo , Horio Ai , Nishio Eiichi , Tokura Yoshiki
Published: July 2015

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering disease caused by autoantibodies against type XVII collagen/BP180 (BP180). Although the mechanisms of autoantibody production remain to be elucidated, herpes virus infections have been identified as a possible triggering factor for pemphigus. We report a case of herpes zoster (HZ) having anti‐BP180 serum antibodies. The patient developed sudden‐onset, tense blisters and edematous erythema on the right anterior chest, shoulder and upper back. Histopathology showed remarkable degeneration of keratinocytes, acantholysis and blister formation with ballooning cells, indicating herpes virus infection. A polymerase chain reaction analysis of varicella zoster virus (VZV) was positive in crusts and effusions from the skin lesions, confirming the definitive diagnosis of HZ. Notably, we found that the patient had anti‐BP180 serum antibodies in association with the occurrence of HZ. After successful treatment with valacyclovir hydrochloride for 7 days, the serum levels of anti‐BP180 antibodies decreased in accordance with the improvement of skin lesions. These findings suggest that the production of anti‐BP180 antibodies could be triggered by the reactivation of VZV.
Testing the ability of functional diversity indices to detect trait convergence and divergence using individual‐based simulation
Authors: Botta‐Dukát Zoltán , Czúcz Bálint
Published: July 2015

The quest for ‘assembly rules’, that is the processes shaping the species composition of communities, is a central issue in community ecology. Nevertheless, so far there is no general agreement on a framework to detect assembly rules in real‐life data: several key elements are still missing or heavily disputed, including the choice of the appropriate test statistic (e.g. functional diversity index) and randomization strategy for each major assembly process.

Simulation studies based on artificial communities can help to explore the usefulness of different approaches in detecting assembly rules. Nevertheless, the currently dominant approach to simulate artificial communities (i.e. selecting species from a pool based solely on trait values) oversimplifies the complex processes involved in community assembly and thus fails to produce realistic patterns. Consequently, its value for testing methodologies is seriously limited.

In this study, we implemented a flexible, individual‐based algorithm simulating real‐life community processes (individuals are born, survive, compete for resources, reproduce and die), to generate artificial species composition data. With the help of this algorithm, we estimated the type I error rates and the statistical power of five different diversity indices (FRic, Rao's quadratic entropy, FEve, the variance of functional distances, and the variance of nearest‐neighbour distances) in combination with three randomization strategies (randomization of trait values in the whole data set, within‐plots and within the range of trait values occurring in each plot) for detecting two underlying assembly processes (habitat filtering and limiting similarity). We also tested the influence of all adjustable simulation parameters on the simulation results in a sensitivity analysis framework.

The results of the sensitivity analysis show that the individual‐based simulation framework proposed here can be used for creating artificial community data with realistic pattern of trait values. Based on the results, Rao's quadratic entropy performed best for detecting both habitat filtering (trait convergence) and limiting similarity (trait divergence). Functional richness may also be suitable for detect traiting convergence. Functional evenness and variance of nearest‐neighbour distances, however, should not be used for finding assembly rules.
Chronic neutrophilic leukaemia and plasma cell‐related neutrophilic leukaemoid reactions
Authors: Bain Barbara J. , Ahmad Shahzaib
Published: July 2015

Many cases reported as ‘chronic neutrophilic leukaemia’ have had an associated plasma cell neoplasm. Recent evidence suggests that the great majority of such cases represent a neutrophilic leukaemoid reaction to the underlying multiple myeloma or monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. We have analysed all accessible reported cases to clarify the likely diagnosis and to ascertain whether toxic granulation, Döhle bodies and an increased neutrophil alkaline phosphatase score were useful in making a distinction between chronic neutrophilic leukaemia and a neutrophilic leukaemoid reaction. We established that all these changes occur in both conditions. Toxic granulation and Döhle bodies are more consistently present in leukaemoid reactions but also occur quite frequently in chronic neutrophilic leukaemia. The neutrophil alkaline phosphatase score is increased in both conditions and is of no value in making a distinction.
Phase II study of an AKT inhibitor MK2206 in patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma
Authors: Oki Yasuhiro , Fanale Michelle , Romaguera Jorge , Fayad Luis , Fowler Nathan , Copeland Amanda , Samaniego Felipe , Kwak Larry W. , Neelapu Sattva , Wang Michael , Feng Lei , Younes Anas
Published: July 2015

We conducted a phase II study of the AKT inhibitor, MK2206 in patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma of any histology excluding Burkitt lymphoma or lymphoblastic lymphoma. MK‐2206 was administered orally at 200 mg once weekly in 28‐d cycles up to 12 cycles in the absence of progression or significant toxicity. The dose was adjusted based on tolerance. A total of 59 patients were enrolled. The final doses patients received were 300 mg (n = 33), 250 mg (n = 2), 200 mg (n = 16) and 135 mg (n = 8). Based on intent‐to‐treat analysis, objective response was observed in 8 (14%) patients (2 complete response and 6 partial response), with median response duration of 5·8 months. The overall response rate was 20% in 25 patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Rash was the most common toxicity (any grade 53%, Grade 3 in 15%) and was observed in a dose‐dependent manner. The correlative cytokine analysis showed paradoxical increase in several cytokines, which may be explained by negative feedback mechanism induced by the on‐target effect of AKT inhibitor. Our data demonstrate that MK2206 has a favourable safety profile with a modest activity in patients with relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma. The future studies should explore mechanism‐based combinations (clinicaltrials.gov NCT01258998).
Stochastic Soft Shadow Mapping
Authors: Liktor G. , Spassov S. , Mückl G. , Dachsbacher C.
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we extend the concept of pre‐filtered shadow mapping to stochastic rasterization, enabling real‐time rendering of soft shadows from planar area lights. Most existing soft shadow mapping methods lose important visibility information by relying on pinhole renderings from an area light source, providing plausible results only for small light sources. Since we sample the entire 4D shadow light field stochastically, we are able to closely approximate shadows of large area lights as well. In order to efficiently reconstruct smooth shadows from this sparse data, we exploit the analogy of soft shadow computation to rendering defocus blur, and introduce a multiplane pre‐filtering algorithm. We demonstrate how existing pre‐filterable approximations of the visibility function, such as variance shadow mapping, can be extended to four dimensions within our framework.
Portal‐Masked Environment Map Sampling
Authors: Bitterli Benedikt , Novák Jan , Jarosz Wojciech
Published: July 2015

We present a technique to efficiently importance sample distant, all‐frequency illumination in indoor scenes. Standard environment sampling is inefficient in such cases since the distant lighting is typically only visible through small openings (e.g. windows). This visibility is often addressed by manually placing a portal around each window to direct samples towards the openings; however, uniformly sampling the portal (its area or solid angle) disregards the possibly high frequency environment map. We propose a new portal importance sampling technique which takes into account both the environment map and its visibility through the portal, drawing samples proportional to the product of the two. To make this practical, we propose a novel, portal‐rectified reparametrization of the environment map with the key property that the visible region induced by a rectangular portal projects to an axis‐aligned rectangle. This allows us to sample according to the desired product distribution at an arbitrary shading location using a single (precomputed) summed‐area table per portal. Our technique is unbiased, relevant to many renderers, and can also be applied to rectangular light sources with directional emission profiles, enabling efficient rendering of non‐diffuse light sources with soft shadows.
Wavelet Point‐Based Global Illumination
Authors: Wang Beibei , Meng Xiangxu , Boubekeur Tamy
Published: July 2015

Point‐Based Global Illumination (PBGI) is a popular rendering method in special effects and motion picture productions. This algorithm provides a diffuse global illumination solution by caching radiance in a mesh‐less hierarchical data structure during a preprocess, while solving for visibility over this cache, at rendering time and for each receiver, using microbuffers, which are localized depth and color buffers inspired from real time rendering environments. As a result, noise free ambient occlusion, indirect soft shadows and color bleeding effects are computed efficiently for high resolution image output and in a temporally coherent fashion. We propose an evolution of this method to address the case of non‐diffuse inter‐reflections and refractions. While the original PBGI algorithm models radiance using spherical harmonics, we propose to use wavelets parameterized on the direction space to better localize the radiance representation in the presence of highly directional reflectance. We also propose a new importance‐driven adaptive microbuffer model to capture accurately incoming radiance at a point. Furthermore, we evaluate outgoing radiance using a fast wavelet radiance product and contain the induced larger memory footprint by encoding hierarchically the wavelets in the PBGI tree. As a result, our algorithm can handle non‐lambertian BSDF in the light transport simulation, reproducing caustics and multiple reflections/refractions bounces with a similar quality to bidirectional path tracing in a large number of cases and for only a fraction of its computation time. Our approach is simple to implement and easy to integrate into any existing PBGI framework, with an intuitive control on the approximation error. We evaluate it on a collection of example scenes.
Inzidenztrends bei nicht‐melanozytärem Hautkrebs in Deutschland von 1998 bis 2010
Authors: Rudolph Christiane , Schnoor Maike , Eisemann Nora , Katalinic Alexander
Published: July 2015

Hintergrund und Studienziele

Nicht‐melanozytärer Hautkrebs (NMSC = nonmelanoma skin cancer) ist die häufigste Krebserkrankung in Deutschland. Allerdings herrscht weitgehende Unklarheit über Inzidenztrends des NMSC und dessen häufigste Untertypen, Basalzellkarzinom (BCC) und Plattenepithelkarzinom (SCC), in Deutschland.

Material und Methoden

Die Daten aus Krebsregistern von 14 deutschen Bundesländern wurden herangezogen, um altersstandardisierte Inzidenzraten nach histologischen Untertypen zu ermitteln. Anhand von Joinpoint‐Regressionsmodellen wurden jährliche prozentuale Veränderungen berechnet, um Trendänderungen in den Jahren 1998 bis 2010 zu erkennen.

Ergebnisse

Die Inzidenz von NMSC in Deutschland erhöhte sich signifikant von 43,1 Fällen/100 000 im Jahr 1998 auf 105,2 Fälle/100 000 im Jahr 2010. Sowohl die Inzidenz als auch ihre Änderung war von Bundesland zu Bundesland sehr unterschiedlich. Der häufigste Tumor war das Basalzellkarzinom, gefolgt vom SCC. Es waren mehr Männer als Frauen betroffen, allerdings war der Anstieg der Inzidenz bei Frauen steiler.

Schussfolgerungen

Die Ergebnisse decken sich mit nationalen und internationalen Beobachtungen. Die Heterogenität der Inzidenz selbst und ihrer Änderung je nach untersuchtem Bundesland lässt vermuten, dass die Veränderung der Inzidenz höchstwahrscheinlich auf eine Verbesserung der Fallregistrierungspraxis in den deutschen Krebsregistern zurückzuführen ist.