bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corona Virus and Its Effect to Personal and Community in the Interest Being Entrepreneurs at Ponorogo, Indonesia
Authors: Maharani Shinta , Wulandari Diana Sri
Published: July 2020

Nowadays the outbreaks of coronavirus (covid19) which increasingly takes souls to make Quarantine policy for each country is the most important thing. The quarantine and stay at home policy predicted would cause the loss of jobs, because of the work stoppage. The prohibition of government to get out of their home has been a pressing source of income of the primary in the economics sector. The huge raised alert status of the coronavirus from yellow to red. It indicates the spread of coronavirus is very serious and has a wide impact on public health, because of this disease, unemployed condition or unable to find work due to intense competition and selection in looking for jobs. Awareness to be able to have an entrepreneurial spirit, being an entrepreneur are increased and considered. Indonesian workers (15 years and above) prefer to work as an office worker, but now they change their mind, while junior and school graduates are the highest contributors to unemployment in Ponorogo, Indonesia. The purpose of this study: 1. to analyze the influence of coronavirus to personal factors on entrepreneurial interest in Ponorogo, Indonesia 2. to analyze the influence of coronavirus to community on entrepreneurial interests in Ponorogo, Indonesia 3. to analyze the influence of coronavirus to personal and community simultaneously on the interests of being entrepreneurs in Ponorogo Indonesia. The method in this study is a quantitative approach, with simple random sampling to 96 respondents. The data collection is a questionnaire. Data analysis used instrument test consisting of validity and reliability test, classic assumption test, hypothesis test consisting of multiple linear regression test, R square test, F test, and t-test.  The results showed that the coronavirus effect partially has a positive and significant influence in personal factors and community being entrepreneurial interest. Simultaneously personal factors and the community have a significant influence on the entrepreneurial interest amounted to 54, 7 %, while the rest influenced by other variables not examined in this study.
RELIGION, VIOLENCE ET CRISE DE LÉGITIMITÉ EN RDC. COMPRENDRE LA COMMUNICATION POLITIQUE DES ACTEURS ET LEURS ENJEUX
Authors: KADUNDU KARHAMIKIRE Paul
Published: July 2020

Religion, Violence and Crisis of Legitimacy in the DRC. Understanding The Political Communication of Actors and their Challenges. This study analyzes the communication of political and religious actors at the end of the regime of J. Kabila. It tries understand why they used religious language. After describing the process of the annihilation of the Congolese opposition, it enlightens the contradictions in the MP communication. It shows how MP was surprised by the popular resistance led by the Lay Coordination Committee (CLC). The discourse of religious actors also diverges despite their concern to safeguard cohesion within the Catholic Church.
LA CRISE PRÉ-ÉLECTORALE : NOUVEAUX ENJEUX DÉMOCRATIQUE ET SÉCURITAIRE EN CÔTE D’IVOIRE
Authors: DOUMBIA Wilfried
Published: July 2020

The Pre-Electoral Crisis: New Democratic and Security Challenges in the Ivory Coast. The last major Ivorian crisis dates back very recently to 2011 after a hotly contested presidential election during which victory is claimed by the two main opponents. In fact, this crisis is the result of a long decade of political tensions inherent in a definition of national identity that was poorly appreciated and personalized in a discriminatory manner in the 1994s. Today, the socio-political environment still carries the stigmatization of social fractures which are struggling to be eradicated that we are already on the way to another and new crisis on the threshold of the presidential elections of 2020. At least, the alarms are ringing everywhere the political opposition and causing a general psychosis within populations. The pre-electoral crisis announced by the favorite candidate, the former figurehead of the 2002 rebellion, Guillaume Kigbafori Soro, who finally led the current president to power, tells us about political practices that go against democracy, the rule of law and good governance. We cannot currently predict the outcome or outcome of this pre-election crisis, which would in fact be triggered by the outbreak of an internal conflict in the ruling party linked to the succession of the current president, except to raise the issue. the imminence that risks a new major post-electoral crisis as new as Côte d'Ivoire has known it, with both different and new actors and increasingly bruised populations.
LE FAIT NATIONAL AU SAHARA OCCIDENTAL
Authors: APÓSTOLO Joana
Published: July 2020

The National Phenomenon in Western Sahara. This article analyses the Western Sahraouian nation from the perspective of its nationalist efforts, which, in derivative interaction with its enemies, rely on revolutionary cultural production. The cultural struggle supports, influences and constitutes the emancipatory political discourse, which for decades has manifested from beyond the claimed territory. In a post-colonial context, particular nuances frame this ideological confrontation, such as the consolidation and parallel mutation of the national identity and associated cultural production, in exile.
IMMUNIZATION IN CONFLICT-AFFECTED AREA: THE CASE OF SIERRA LEONE AND NIGERIA
Authors: BITAR Christelle
Published: July 2020

Conflict affects the institutions of health that help vaccination programs. This article addresses the complexity of immunization in the matrix of two African contexts: Sierra Leone and Nigeria. After introducing the subject, I will expose the factors that would explain the success or the failure of implementing vaccination measures. Then I will briefly synthesize the context of these two African countries by putting an emphasis on the vulnerability induced by the conflicts. Finally, I will make a case study of health challenges and responses in relation to the factors exposed in the first section of the article.
AFRIQUE, ÉVOLUTION POLITIQUE ET DÉVELOPPEMENT: RÉSULTAT D’UN SYSTÈME À GÉOGRAPHIE VARIABLE
Authors: BOURDJOLBO Tchoudiba
Published: July 2020

Africa, Political Evolution and Development: The Result of a Variable Geography System. This article analyses the political evolution of Africa and its development through a two-tier schema, on the one hand the image of a clearly advancing Africa, symbol of the new Eldorado, and on the other hand the observation of a system in crisis, the result of a trapped and maintained legacy, characteristic of an entity with variable geography that cannot be apprehended as a single block. A continent with rich potential, it has attracted rivalries since the dawn of time, rivalries that had led to its division in a balance of power dictated by the West. Slavery and colonialism remain the great shocks of its history. Decolonization had been decisive in its political evolution but very early on, the young States came up against harsh realities, spontaneously acquired independence, the consequences of which would influence their political and socio-economic development. It is true that the starting point was the same, but the political choice made by some States had enabled them to make a difference in terms of democracy and economic development, as in the case of Senegal. The authoritarianism established in some countries, such as Chad, had led to civil wars and coups d'état that blocked development. It was not until 1990 that the wind of democracy could blow over black Africa with the hope of a better future.
Digital transformation of Russia’s thermal power industry management system for optimization of consumers’ expenditures determined by tariffs and prices
Authors: Grabchak E. P. , Loginov E. L. , Chinaliev V. U.
Published: July 2020

The development and implementation of a strategy for organizational reconfiguration of a digital heat and power super system to streamline the processes of providing structured technological zones with heat makes the basis for creating a coordinated system for optimizing the tariff and price load on heat and electricity consumers in the Russian economy. Providing the industry with a mechanism for regulating the processes of rendering heat energy services based on the transition to the system of Unified Heat-Supply Organizations (ETOs) and ensuring a return on price trend investment in the heat market with the possibility of transferring departmental reporting and analytics to a single regulatory legal basis enables regulating the operation of the power system as a subsystem of the Russian energy sector with a common information technology platform. It is proposed to develop a methodology for constructing mathematical estimates of reliability indicators of provided heat and power services in the form of analytical relationships and simulation models, taking into account the complex nature of the operation of electric power transmission and heat transportation networks as well as information systems that provide processing, storage and distribution of digital data and documents. The key activities are: development of a methodology for constructing mathematical estimates of reliability indicators of provided heat and power services in the form of analytical relationships and simulation models; development of digital methods for detecting hazardous effects; development of algorithms for storing information in the presence of natural and artificial interference; development of digital methods for optimization, modernization and transformation of production chains and processes, control models and planning procedures to neutralize threats to the reliability of provided heat and power services. The result should be the creation of a computer-based information system for modeling impacts on the electric and heat grid facilities.
Foreign Direct Investment in Russia (Late 1980s - Late 2010s)
Authors: Zheriborov Denis S. , Pirogov Vitaliy N.
Published: July 2020

Foreign direct investment in Russia in a historical aspect are discussed in the article. It is noted that theoretical studies on this issue have led to a better understanding of the economic mechanism and the behavior of various participants in the economic sphere at both the micro and macro levels, which has opened up new areas of research in the field of economics. It is stated that an understanding of why a company initiates foreign direct investment in a particular country or increases their volume, allows us to present the main motives of the management of firms to invest, rather than to export or outsource production to national firms. The purpose of this study is to identify the main trends in foreign direct investment in the Russian Federation in various historical periods. A review of economic indicators on attracted investments, reflected in the relevant economic reports of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, as well as other documents, a periodization of direct foreign investment in the Russian Federation was made. Based on the analysis, the authors propose to consider five periods: from the late 1980s to 1999, from 2000 to 2007, from 2008 to 2013, from 2014 to 2019 and from 2020 to the present, which have their own characteristics. Attention is paid to the fact that foreign direct investment in the Russian Federation during these periods was uneven, due to serious political contradictions in the international arena.
Formation and Development of a Foreign Primary School in Yakutsk Region in Second Half of the XIX - Early XX Centuries
Authors: Makarova Agrafena I.
Published: July 2020

The formation of state policy in the field of foreign primary education in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries on the example of the Yakutsk region is considered in the article. It is noted that until the middle of the 19th century the state took its time to develop the education system on foreign outskirts, then during the liberal reforms of the 1860-1870s the government paid special attention to foreign education. It is reported that in total for the period under review four legislative documents were adopted on the education of non-Russian peoples with the aim of unifying the multinational school system and their integration into the common imperial social space. Based on archival documents, the formation and development of primary schools in the region is shown. Information on the number of schools and the number of students, the characteristics of the types of educational institutions, the conditions of their maintenance and activities are given. It was determined that the variety of types of schools, the inconsistency of provisions and charters made it difficult to guide them. Particular attention is paid to the territorial, climatic factors, lack of teaching staff, which had a great influence on the formation and development of the educational system in the region. It is concluded that, despite a number of specific problems, primary public education in the Yakutsk region developed as an integral part of the all-Russian educational process.
Materials of the Russian State Historical Archive of Far East on the Confessional Policy of Provisional Siberian Governments of 1917-1919
Authors: Nedzeluk Tatyana G.
Published: July 2020

The relevance of the study is due to the practical need to study the historical experience of interaction between secular and religious structures in Russia in the process of implementing state national policy. The article analyzes the problem of building state-confessional relations in the Siberian region at a turning point - during the civil war. Attention is paid to the religious policy of the provisional Siberian governments during the revolutionary transformations of the early 20th century. The results of a comparative analysis of the implementation peculiarities of the religious policy by successively different governments during 1917-1919 are presented. The novelty of the research lies both in the topic itself and in the previously unexplored source base. Previously unexplored materials from the archival storage of the Russian State Historical Archive of the Far East (RSHA FE) have been put into circulation. The implementation of the research concept was facilitated by historical-comparative, comparative, analytical research methods. The results achieved in the process of analyzing the documents of the archival storage of the Russian State Historical Archive of the Far East indicate the pragmatic approach of the provisional Siberian governments to issues of ideology, including religious. The conclusion is made about the striving of the provisional governments to subordinate religious structures to the interests of the secular authorities.
Proverbs of the Eastern Slavs in a Comparative Lexicographic Representation
Authors: Andrianova Daria V. , Ignatieva Natalia D. , Nikitina Tatiana G.
Published: July 2020

The main provisions of the concept of comparative vocabulary representation of East Slavic proverbs, developed by the lexicographers of St. Petersburg and Pskov universities are presented. The principles of macrostructuring of the “Big Russian-Ukrainian-Belarusian dictionary of proverbs are formulated”. The methods of parametrization of paremiological parallels and uniqueness are substantiated. The relevance of the study in the modern sociopolitical situation is determined by the need to strengthen the traditions of objective interpretation of the ethno-linguistic unity of the Eastern Slavs. The novelty of the research lies in the appeal to the paremiological material that has not been developed in a comparative lexicographic aspect and an innovative approach to its lexicography. It is proved that the value of the dictionary as an ethnolinguistic and linguoaxiological source will increase due to the combination of the thematic organization of the material, marking the similarities and differences in the presentation of paremiological parallels and combining the paremias under axiological headings. Particular attention is paid to the identification and vocabulary representation of complete interlingual paremiological equivalents, the establishment of the types of correspondences for partial equivalents, the description of their ethno-specific elements. The possibilities of implementing the comparative aspect are shown when using the format of the lexicographic representation of the axiological content of the paremias proposed by the authors. It is emphasized that the developed lexicographic concept will make it possible to present the East Slavic paremiological space in the unity and diversity of structural and semantic models, linguistic images, axiological vectors and will contribute to the improvement of the system of comparative paremiography.
Digitalization of entrepreneurship as a driver of its growth
Authors: Brichuk O.B. , Nevskaya A.D.
Published: July 2020

Subject. The article considers the impact of digital economy on entrepreneurship, which is a key factor in influencing the social and economic life of countries with market economies. New economic processes are emerging, such as e-commerce, as well as new economic agents, such as digital government and digital enterprises, which, in turn, are shaping the digital entrepreneurial ecosystem.
Objectives. We focus on exploring the impact of digital economy on business activity.
Methods. The study draws on the methods of logical and statistical analysis.
Results. The digital economy is forcing many States to take a new course in their policies to improve socio-economic processes. In 2017, the RF President's Decree was issued called On the Strategy for Information Society Development in the Russian Federation for 2017–2030, which is aimed at the development of information and communication technologies, including those ones in the economy.
Conclusions. Any State should provide favorable conditions for digitalization of entrepreneurship. Public financial support is crucial for creating and fostering innovative center for development of new digital enterprises.
Evaluating the popularity of online trading platforms in the consumer market
Authors: Nefedova K.A. , Maslakova D.O.
Published: July 2020

Subject. Online trading has shown unprecedented growth over the past few years. This crisis year, due to the coronavirus pandemic, has created an additional impetus for this line of business and enabled to assess the benefits of online commerce by the people, who were previously skeptical about it. Currently, online sales opportunities are expanding, and distribution channels are becoming more diverse.
Objectives. The purpose of the study is to build an understanding among buyers of the difference between various trading platforms designed to purchase consumer goods within the framework of online trading.
Methods. We employ methods of comparative analysis, factor and rating methods. The survey serves as the main methodology of the study.
Results. We analyzed key trends in the development of online trading in the consumer goods market, considered the main online trading platforms, unveiled their advantages and disadvantages. The survey identified major problems in understanding the difference, specifics, and preferences, when choosing a particular trading platform by online buyers.
Conclusions. Detailed knowledge of the essence, features and specifics of the organization of various online trading platforms will permit sellers and buyers of goods and services to better understand pros and cons of each of them. It also will contribute to effective sales promotion and the purchase of goods on on preferential terms.
Analyzing the factors of organizations' export potential development
Authors: Makhan'ko L.S.
Published: July 2020

Subject. The article investigates methodological aspects when analyzing the effectiveness of export and import operations and assessing the export potential of organizations.
Objectives. The study aims at developing the theoretical and methodological aspects of export efficiency analysis through elaborating the system of contributing factors.
Methods. I employ methods of qualitative analysis and review of scholarly papers, data collection, systematization, quantification, including the grouping, structuring, and formalization; graphical analysis; methods of evaluation and disclosure of foreign economic transactions in financial statements; financial analysis techniques.
Results. The paper systematizes factors of export efficiency growth by criteria of control and management efficiency; determines the parameters of organization of payments that affect the efficiency of export and import operations. It also offers a system of foreign exchange risk indicators based on parameters of payments, and recommendations for expanding the information capacity of financial statements.
Conclusions. The factors that regulate the efficiency of foreign trade operations and strengthen export potential include the currency and organization of payments. The management of these factors rests on the analysis and evaluation of certain currency risk indicators by parameters of payments. To improve the quality of this process, it is advisable to expand the information capacity of financial statements as to reflecting the recommended system of indicators.
To the adequacy of the financial system to the modern economy of Russia
Authors: Smirnov V.V.
Published: July 2020

Subject. The article examines the adequacy of the financial system to the Russian economy as is.
Objectives. I evaluate whether the financial system meets requirements of the modern economy of Russia, and model the scope of compliance.
Methods. The study relies upon the statistical analysis and mathematical modeling of developments in the correlation of cash flows and economic activities.
Results. The focuses on the adequacy of the financial system to requirements of the modern economy of Russia. I analyze the structure, form and content of the economic system during the generation and utilization of cash flows. The financial system is deemed inadequate if there are some controversies between cash flows and economic activities, which can be eliminated with specific financial and economic remedies that are typical of the Russian economy. Financial remedies include an increment in gold reserves and money supply. Economic ones require to increase the production of crude oil, natural gas, associated gas, extraction and enrichment of iron ore. Modeling the dynamics of the financial and economic systems and applying the Cobb–Douglas production function, I marked the compliance boundary of the financial system from perspectives of the modern economic system.
Conclusions and Relevance. Seeing the current situation in Russia, we can guess the financial system is adequate to the economic situation. I should also point out a variety of opportunities to preserve the structure, form and content of the economy, using financing mechanisms within the adequacy requirements. The findings enrich relevant knowledge and create new competencies of governmental authorities for making effective managerial decisions to ensure the sustainability of the Russian economy in accordance with the financial policy.
Analyzing the liquidity ratios of the world's leading public oil and gas corporations
Authors: Shimko O.V.
Published: July 2020

Subject. This article explores the key liquidity figures of the twenty five largest public oil and gas companies between 2006 and 2018.
Objectives. The article aims to determine the current values of the key liquidity figures of the largest public oil and gas companies, identify key trends in their changes within the study period, and identify the factors that have caused these changes.
Methods. For the study, I used comparative, and financial and economic analyses, and generalization.
Results. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the twenty five oil and gas companies' annual reports, the article identifies trends in the changes in the key liquidity indexes in the industry's public sector, and establishes the main factors that affected these changes.
Conclusions and Relevance. The largest public oil and gas companies are able to maintain their own liquidity in times of crisis, even. The industry pays the most attention to increasing the instant liquidity ratios. The results of the study can be used to evaluate, forecast, and develop measures to enhance the liquidity of public oil and gas companies.
Kommunikative Anforderungen an Auszubildende in der Industrie
Authors: Efing Christian
Published: July 2020

Apparently, German secondary schools (Hauptschulen, Realschulen) do not succeed sufficiently in providing their pupils with a basis for vocational training. Especially the linguistic competence at the end of a school career seems to be underdeveloped compared to the necessary communicative skills in vocational education. As the curricula (Bildungsstandards) explicitly admit the responsibility of the German lessons for preparing vocational training, this difference between actual competences and requirements is surprising. To make German lessons in secondary schools more effective in this regard, the real communicative requirements of (industrial) companies have to be analysed, first of all. Thereupon proposals for lessons (or a reorganised curriculum) in secondary schools, that might prepare a vocational training in a better way, can be made. This paper presents the results of such an empirical survey and analysis of communicative requirements in industry. The survey was conducted from May to July 2009 exemplarily at “Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG” (constructor and global market leader of printing units), within the vocational fields of industrial mechanics, mechatronics fitters, electronics technicians and design draughtsmen. The focus of the analysis will be on the prototypical types of text and of discourse, vocational trainees have to deal with regularly within their first two years of vocational training; then the necessary competences to master these requirements will be discussed. In conclusion, we will present possible didactical consequences of the analysis of the collected data in industry.
Social Media as a channel for public sector transformation via online mentoring
Authors: Baumann Nadine , Schachtner Christian
Published: July 2020

The mediatisation of communication leads to different and innovative ways of interaction, even in the public sector. Moreover, internal communication in cross-functional teams is part of projects in public management, so communication via social media not only has to work outwards, but also inwards.
Online mentoring is regarded as a part of social media communication. This study focusses on how mentors and mentees experience online mentoring, as working with online media makes the process of mentoring special. The concept follows working methods of agile teams, which use asynchronous handling processes and retrospectives as added values to achieve objectives.
Counselling concepts such as mentoring continually influence working methods of the public sector. Thus, social media elements open new paths to change strategies concerning working tasks.
Status quo of electronic invoice processing at municipalities in the federal state of Baden-Württemberg
Authors: Oster Jasmin , Schenk Birgit
Published: July 2020

On 16 April 2014, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union adopted the Directive on electronic invoicing for public contracts (2014/55/EU) in order to establish electronic invoicing as the predominant method by 2020. The e-invoicing directive requires all contracting authorities to be able to receive and process electronic invoices (ABI L133/1). The European legislator defines e-bill as "an invoice issued, transmitted and received in a structured electronic format that enables its automatic and electronic processing" (ABI L133/7).
This raises the question of (a) the status quo of electronic invoicing in Baden-Württemberg's municipalities, (b) their implementation barriers and drivers, and (c) the status quo in Baden- Württemberg compared to all other German states. This paper answers these questions and points out interesting aspects that raise new research questions.
Innovating a city through citizen participation: could interdisciplinary orientation play a role?
Authors: Zaiţ Adriana , Andrei Andreia Gabriela
Published: July 2020

This exploratory study is based on a grounded theory research performed with the intention to find new potential explanations for citizen participation to processes related to city innovation through public administration and e-governance initiatives.
Considering (1) the huge importance and amount of previous work on innovation, (2) the societal challenges with which we are confronted, most of them requiring multiple, system thinking type of knowledge and an interdisciplinary perspective, as well as (3) the need to transform our cities in better living and working places, one research question was raised: what does it take to make people more involved in the process of innovating a city, other than traditional factors previously investigated? It is a subject at the intersection of several fields and streams of research: public administration, innovative cities in terms of governance and e-government, civic participation and citizen science, researchers’ skills and competencies, inter and transdisciplinary research - a complex array of intertwined challenges.
The research objective was to find out if interdisciplinary orientation could be considered among the influence factors that explain citizen participation. The grounded theory method was applied, based on the inductive approach, to generate future hypotheses. The research is exploratory and qualitative; we conducted a semi-structured group interview with 18 researchers, to identify the most important traits of human innovation, followed by a survey with 30 researchers to measure their perceptions towards interdisciplinary research. Researchers were used as an extreme case selection unit for the initial formulation of our research hypothesis, having in mind their double quality – highly educated people and citizens.
Our pilot study findings indicate that interdisciplinary orientation could be a significant explanatory factor for citizen participation, but further quantitative testing is necessary.
Moldovan diaspora's social networks: political mobilization and participation
Authors: Rodica Ciobanu , Mariana Rosca
Published: July 2020

In the early 90s, the Republic of Moldova declared its independence and began to build a sovereign state. The state construction was characterized by severe political, economic and social crises that pushed many Moldovans to leave the country and look for a better life abroad. Once settled abroad, many Moldovans kept in contact with their homeland via online platforms. Additionally, they began to create online communities and social networks, and start using them as main tools to inform and share the information, to debate the political situation at home and share some opportunities. Later on, social networks became a place for political mobilization and a source of transnational influence and transfer of innovation back home. Drawing on a qualitative analysis of diaspora´s social networks the current article acknowledges their potential to engage and mobilize the political participation of the Moldovan diaspora. Such a practice is an example of active engagement and solidarity with the Moldovans back home and points out the decisive role that Moldovan diaspora can play for the country of origin transformation. Therefore the article concludes that social networks transcended their initial aim and transformed into a space of political mobilization and participation.
Social media - a two-edge sword in political campaign: the case of the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Vîrtosu Ina I.
Published: July 2020

Social media, as interactive technologies, have given people unprecedented possibility to access information about elections and electoral contestants, to publicly express their opinions, interact with candidates, and get actively involved in electoral campaigns. This disruptive set of tools that allows and encourages individuals to engage in all stages of the political process, has become a powerful mechanism for political campaigns, in building and enhancing communication strategies.
The use of social media in politics dramatically changed the way campaigns are run. Social media provide useful platforms for electoral contestants, inclusively for those with limited resources, to present their agenda and mobilise a larger support base for their causes, at substantially lower costs. They offer the possibility for creation of shareable content that candidates and supporters can use to increase awareness, engage the targeted groups, and appeal for votes. However, the changes in the production and consumption of election-related content also raise a number of concerns that question the effectiveness of electoral rules, in their current form.
The aim of this paper is to underline the potential problems which have emerged and have been aggravated with the shift of political propaganda during election campaigns onto social media and identify safeguard measures that may be set in place to prevent abuse of the political process.
The role of social media in e-Government: systematic literature review and case of Jordan
Authors: Aburumman Nemer , Szilágyi Róbert
Published: July 2020

Social media has become a new revolution in communications and most governments around the world use these platforms as two-way communication between them and the citizens. The Jordanian government started using these platforms early, so this paper came to examine the Jordanian's practice on these platforms. The paper use two way of analysis, the first one was a systematic literature review in the largest two databases (Scopus and Web of Science). After the literature has been analysed and the paper found the best practices for governments around the world, three main determinants were identified for any government to start the use of social media (presence, up to date information and interaction). The most popular Jordanian's social platforms (Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube) have been selected to start the analyses and 52 Jordanian governmental institutions (all the 25 ministries and 27 institutions belong to the prime ministry) have been analysed. After the institutions' websites and their pages or accounts on social media platforms scanned and analysed, most of the institutions have fulfilled the first two criteria (presence) and 77% shows that they have appearances on social media and (up to date information) 67% of the institutions regularly updated their information. But for the last criteria (interaction) we have found that the institutions still need to improve their interactions with the citizens since the results showed only 38% of these institutions have interaction on their pages or accounts on social media.
eServices as a challenge for small municipalities - Slovak Republic experiences
Authors: Ručinská Silvia , Fečko Miroslav
Published: July 2020

Cities are using smart city and eGovernment solutions as modern trends also to enhance the management of the city and to get the citizens and entrepreneurs more engaged. Cities in the Slovak Republic are thus introducing ICT based services in order to cope with legal state obligations and also as a natural decision based on specific needs of the municipality. eGovernment developed and introduced on the national level by the state, combined with eServices at the municipality level, mutually lead to a modern, smart and better functioning city. The article is focused on current Slovak Republic’s experiences in the field of eGovernment, more concretely on the provision of eServices in small municipalities, which make up the majority of the entire municipalities in the Slovak Republic.
Exit/Entry, Voice/Noise, and Loyalty/Apathy in the era of social media
Authors: Kudo Hiroko
Published: July 2020

Use of Social Media in public life has changed the way how citizens relate to public sector. Modern communication tools, in particular Social Media, have made citizens easier to use their “voice” to mobilize. When citizens can easily mobilize, the cost of mobilization is low for them, while its impact can lead to a larger cost for the State. As the exit/entry cost of Social Media is very low or almost nothing, a virtual network has been substituting institutions, causing new issues to the State. This leads to the issue of loyalty: citizens now feel that they do not need institution like the State to belong to, as many networks substitute its function. This paper analyses the Social Media use by citizens and its impact on public sector through Albert Hirschman’s classis “Exit, Voice, and Loyalty” and tries to address new aspects.
From Smart Cities to Smart Regions: Regional Economic Specialization as a Tool for Development and Inclusion
Authors: Radchenko Karina
Published: July 2020

Keeping in mind that the fundamental task of local and regional governments is improving lives of their citizens, this paper considers the phenomenon of smart specialization as a tool that can be used to reach economic development and inclusion. Particular attention is paid to the impacts of smart cities on regional life through establishing smart city networks and mutual cooperation of various stakeholders. The issues associated with smart specialization are determined. At the same time, it is attempted to suggest the possible steps that could be taken by local and regional authorities to foster smartification. The multidimensional methodology approach is used for this study to increase its comprehensiveness and wider applicability of the concluding recommendations. The research is directly linked to the UN Sustainable Development Goals that are actively promoted by the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe, so it is related to high practical and theoretical value.
Partnership and governance for smart cities
Authors: Vrabie Catalin
Published: July 2020

Many smart city publications talk of a need for new models of partnership working: public–private partnerships that create a shared vision for the smart city, bringing together leaders from city government, national government, health services, universities, business, social enterprises and the community sector. But as it is already known, crucial to the acceptance and success of smart cities is the involvement of citizens. Cities in which citizens take a central role are creating public–private– people partnerships.
There’s no clear beginning or end to the process of becoming smart: the road to smart cities is a transition process that can take 10, 15 or even 20 years. Today’s decisions on city infrastructures and services will have consequences for the future generations who live in the city. There needs to be a huge cultural shift away from working in silos and towards integration across organizations, cities and countries. Smart city partnerships need to bring people together but they also need to be a vehicle that commissions and manages smart infrastructure and technology, dealing with issues such as finance, privacy and security.
This paper will discuss about this issue providing examples of success stories found in Europe and across the world.
The Introduction of HR Knowledge Exchange System and Expert Network In Hungarian Civil Service To Support The Reorganisation of Personnel Management
Authors: Hazafi Zoltán , Pintér Nikolett
Published: July 2020

The development of the Hungarian Public Administration’s personnel management has been deeply impacted by the on-going global reinterpretation of the general role and significance of HR in government departments, and by the simultaneous paradigm shift in civil service.
Meaning, that on the one hand Human Resources Management has become a strategic partner to leadership in human-oriented organisational development. It is able to aid the interpretation of challenges and the aim of policy reforms, planning, execution and evaluation of changes, impact assessment and reporting.
On the other hand, organisational decision-making has been gaining significance, while at the same time, the centralized legal regulation has become less relevant in HRM does questions due to the deregulation of human resources management in civil service.. This tendency puts a higher emphasis on HR Knowledge Exchange Systems and knowledge-sharing methods.
The HR Knowledge Exchange System and Expert Network plans with the aim of providing online and offline support to HR professionals in public administration in order to improve their HR knowledge and competencies of both offline (project-based events) and online (via Online Forum) professional communities.
Combined, the HR Knowledge Exchange System and Expert Network provides support to HR professionals primarily through granting access to an online academic research database with upto- date content, forum discussions as well as face-to-face counselling in a way that fits the requirements of the current tendencies of the reorganisation process of HR functions. It also contributes to the implementation of the ‘Healthy Organisation Model’ in practice.
Learning from ITIL for efficient internal services of authorities
Authors: Diedrichs Anne
Published: July 2020

In the following, we highlight why IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL) proposals, which have long been established for the management of IT services [8], can add value to the management of services offered by the Internal Services division of authorities.
The Internal Service divisions of authorities offer a wide range of services that may differ from one authority to another. However, as a rule, the following services are offered as core offers:

Mail processing, messenger service, document creation and management, duplication and printing, e.g. business cards.
Facility management including winter maintenance and cleaning of buildings, access control and security, vehicle availability. However, facility management is usually a major part of provided internal services.
Procurement and internal materials management, more and more as the implementation of decentralized activities of the consolidated processes.

Adapting methods and procedures from ITIL can help to provide an overview about all offered internal services and makes the point of contact transparent for each of them. Furthermore, implementing support systems following that idea generate necessary information for keeping track of individual service requests. Hereon, even online steering mechanisms become possible as it is standard for IT services as of today.
The network information systems directive (EU) 2016/1148: internet service providers and registraties
Authors: Bagnato Domenica
Published: July 2020

The NIS Directive [1] defines critical infrastructures and operators of essential services. It also calls for organizational measures to ensure these infrastructures are protected from cybercrime and terrorism. This also includes the establishment of a national framework for emergency response. The list of essential services in Annex II does contain certain elements of Internet infrastructures, such as Domain Name Servers and Internet Exchange Points. However, in a truly remarkable omission, the Directive does not include Internet Service Providers (ISP) [2]. Since operators of essential services are subject to stringent security requirements, it would be helpful to include them as operators of essential services. This seems even more appropriate as many other Annex II infrastructures, such as banking, health and transport, heavily rely on a working Internet infrastructure, which is largely dependent on ISPs.
This paper discusses the omission in the NIS Directive of the ISPs and the incomplete list and codependent registries namely, the IP address space registry and the Autonomous System registry and their necessity in supporting the root Domain Name System.
Distributed vulnerability assessment applied to measuring citizen cyber-health and securing online public services
Authors: Hadarics Kálmán , Leitold Ferenc , Arrott Anthony
Published: July 2020

Since the introduction of personal computing over the Internet, cyber-security has developed primarily as commercial services providing protection to organizations and individuals as customers of paid services. However, since the introduction of cloud-services and smartphones over a decade ago, this development has been radically altered. Effective cyber-security can no longer be provided as simplistic protective walls around trusted zones of computing (for organizations: isolated private corporate networks with secure network gateways; for individuals: stand-alone personal computers protected by locally-running anti-virus applications). These approaches have always assumed that cyber-threats do not originate from inside trusted zones. Increasingly, cybersecurity is more effectively achieved through detecting and mitigating vulnerabilities discovered through coordinated assessment of malware threats, user behaviors, and IT infrastructure weaknesses. Unlike the traditional focus on malware threats alone, this integrated approach treats the IT infrastructure and user behavior of each individual and each organization department separately. This distributed approach makes no assumptions about the origins of cyber-threats. In this paper, we examine the implications of using this distributed approach in the public sector. Particular emphasis is placed on aspects where the traditional framework of cyber-security as a commercial service can be usefully abandoned and replaced by more effective public sector practices. The recent evolution of the Digital Divide in Central and Eastern Europe has not been a simple story of those with less opportunity and access (old, poor, less educated) being able close the gap by “catching up” with those of greater opportunity and access (young, wealthy, well educated). Rather, the closing of the Digital Divide has been achieved more through the adoption of very different digital activities provided through very differently organized services – activities and services that require very different public sector approaches to cyber-security. These include new approaches to measuring citizen cyber-health; making citizens savvier about their personal cybersecurity; and providing more secure online public services.
ICT impact on development of knowledge economy in Ukraine and Republic of Moldova
Authors: Stefanita Anastasia , Emelyanenko Larysa , Shkoda Tetiana
Published: July 2020

In this paper, the authors analysed the value of the development of information and communication technologies as an innovative resource of the knowledge economy. The analysis of the knowledge economy state of Ukraine and Republic of Moldova in the international dimension is conducted. The statistical analysis is based on macro data of the Global Innovation Index for the period 2012-2016 that limits the relevance of the results obtained. The practical examples of information and communication technologies used by public sector in the knowledge economy are described. It is proved the importance of information and communication technologies as a key component of the economic system based on knowledge.
The paper has the goal to underline the positive aspects of the knowledge economy in Ukraine and Republic of Moldova due to ICT tools but also to put into discussion the backlogs of the development processes in these countries.