bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contested game spaces: romance modding and copyright
Authors: Thomas Amy
Published: January 2025

This article is a socio-legal study of romance modding and the ways that modding communities mediate the copyright interests of game creators and owners. Using the dialectical–relational model of discourse analysis, this article draws on evidence from mod aggregation platforms and social media forums to show how community-built concepts substitute for a, largely absent, formalised, copyright regime. Based on this data, this article illustrates three key mediations of game copyright in the modding community, namely: (1) as being bounded by the private sphere; (2) as understood in relation to the social, cultural and political context in which the work was created and is subsequently received; and (3) as an ideologically flexible cultural object, embedding temporal creative and moral values. In conclusion, this article illustrates the significance of these findings to broader policy discussions on copyright’s role in facilitating diverse and inclusive representation both within the infrastructure of creation and in the mode in which creativity is received and subsequently repurposed.
A tale of two metaverses: assessing the EU’s influence on standard-setting in virtual worlds
Authors: Küsters Anselm
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the potential influence of the European Union (EU) in setting standards for the metaverse, focusing on the need for a unified, international approach to avoid monopolization. It argues that a truly interoperable metaverse will facilitate smoother interactions between platforms and users, thereby enhancing both economic activity and consumer utility. In contrast, the EU’s current rhetoric on promoting multiple metaverses carries significant risks, such as technical incompatibilities and economic concentration, which could lead to new digital divides. To make this argument, this paper presents a detailed analysis of the EU’s involvement in metaverse governance to date and discusses the most important standards essential for a cohesive metaverse, including web protocols, persistent identity, three-dimensional (3D) rendering, data sharing, and privacy protection. The analysis suggests a proactive role for the EU in global standard-setting bodies to ensure that these standards are in line with European values of openness and accessibility. Due to the geopolitical and economic importance of the metaverse, the EU must facilitate a unified, accessible metaverse to ensure that Europe remains competitive in the digital ­future.
Beyond pixels and profiles: unveiling the legal identity of avatars in the metaverse
Authors: Raposo Vera Lucia
Published: January 2025

This paper delves into the complex legal landscape surrounding digital avatars, particularly focusing on their legal status within the existing legal framework, which lacks specific norms tailored to their unique characteristics. This analysis will explore how existing legal concepts can be reinterpreted and applied to avatars, examining their potential to be recognized as extensions of human users or legal entities. By proposing a structured approach to redefining legal norms for avatars, this paper aims to contribute significantly to the legal discourse on digital identities in virtual spaces. The goal is to establish a clear legal framework to ensure that the ongoing development of digital identities is supported by a robust and adaptable legal structure. This framework needs to be strong and flexible enough to address the complexities presented by digital avatars and artificial intelligence.
Interpreting the international right to health in global health priority-setting (or what lies beyond a fair procedure)
Authors: Filho Luciano Bottini
Published: January 2025

This article examines the normative role of the international right to health in global health priority‑setting, focusing on key obligations under the International Covenant on ­Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). Employing a comparative analysis of relevant sources in international law, it critiques the widely adopted procedural approach of “accountability for reasonableness” and emphasises the need for substantive obligations to address resource constraints, reflecting the true spirit of international human rights law. Three analytical approaches are compared in terms of their applicable sources: the basic resource generation approach derived from treaty obligations, goal‑oriented prioritisation based on soft‑law guidance from the Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (CESCR), and the broader framework of Global Health Law (GHL). The study advocates for integrating principles of resource mobilisation and progressive realisation into health policy decisions, thereby reclaiming the right to health as an economic and social right. Adopting such standards would allow for a rethinking of how to govern priority‑setting decisions in global health and embed greater efforts to challenge market barriers and the deep‑seated mantra of scarcity within priority‑setting.
Reducing unhealthy food and beverage advertising to children: a framework for strengthening performance, transparency and enforcement
Authors: Reeve Belinda , Magnusson Roger
Published: January 2025

Food and beverage multinationals spend vast sums of money marketing unhealthy foods and drinks to children, using an integrated array of advertising techniques and media platforms. Countries have responded in different ways to such advertising, adopting voluntary codes and pledges, legislation and co-regulation (a combination of voluntary and mandatory approaches). We evaluated the quality of regulatory controls on unhealthy food and beverage marketing to children in five national and one sub-national jurisdiction, applying a public health law framework that identifies building blocks for effective, transparent and accountable regulation. Applying this framework to the core documents comprising each regulatory scheme, we identified recommendations for improving the design of regulatory controls. Our analysis supports the development of global norms governing unhealthy food and beverage advertising to children and assists public health advocates to hold governments, and the food and advertising industries to account for their actions in each of three regulatory domains: in the design of regulatory controls, the design of regulatory processes and enforcement of standards.
Komunikacja środowiskowa jako potencjał dyplomacji klimatycznej Danii
Authors: Ryniejska-Kiełdanowicz Marta , Lebioda Ewa
Published: January 2025

W publikacji omówiono strategie komunikacyjne stosowane w duńskich inicjatywach ekologicznych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem projektów LIFE REDCOHA i REWETDUNE-LIFE. Przedstawiono wpływ edukacji środowiskowej oraz szeroko zakrojonej komunikacji na efektywną ochronę ekosystemów, a także na zwiększanie świadomości ekologicznej społeczeństwa. Autorzy analizy teoretycznych podstaw dyplomacji klimatycznej i komunikacji środowiskowej wskazują na ich kluczową rolę w kształtowaniu międzynarodowych działań na rzecz zrównoważonego rozwoju. Zwracają również uwagę na rolę edukacji środowiskowej, która pełni istotną funkcję w działaniach proekologicznych, w obszarze edukacji zarówno formalnej, jak i nieformalnej. W artykule ukazano także znaczenie różnych form komunikacji, w tym mediów oraz kampanii informacyjnych i edukacyjnych, w upowszechnianiu wiedzy o zrównoważonym rozwoju.
Horror rectae: mobiliario y decoración de Gustav Siegel en la Exposición Universal de París de 1900.
Authors: Vives Chillida Julio
Published: January 2025

Este artículo examina en detalle la contribución del arquitecto Gustav Siegel al campo del Art nouveau desde la perspectiva del mueble de madera curvada. Como director del departamento de diseño de la firma vienesa Jacob & Josef Kohn, Siegel creó una completa instalación con decoración mural, un salón y un dormitorio en madera curvada para la Exposición Universal en París en 1900, obra que representó un importante desarrollo técnico y artístico de este tipo de mueble. Después de un breve ensayo sobre su biografía y los precedentes, el artículo muestra los aspectos técnicos y estéticos de la instalación en el sentido de huir de la línea recta en la ejecución de los diseños. El artículo otorga relevancia, no sólo a la decorativa instalación Art nouveau sino también al peculiar y sobresaliente mobiliario en exhibición. Un completo homenaje al Art nouveau por parte del arquitecto austríaco.
Vidrieras. Definición, funciones y tipologías
Authors: Cortés Pizano Fernando
Published: January 2025

El maravilloso universo de lo que conocemos por vidrieras es realmente tan amplio como desconocido. A pesar del hecho de que España cuenta con uno de los patrimonios más importantes de este arte a nivel mundial, su presencia mediática, en museos, exposiciones y programas formativos es muy escasa, como lo son los inventarios y estudios académicos sobre esta especialidad. El presente artículo profundiza en este fascinante arte, en un intento de acercarlo al gran público, ayudando a la vez a esclarecer qué es lo que entendemos por vidrieras, desde una definición etimológica de la palabra hasta los usos e importancia de la vidriera a lo largo de la historia. A lo largo de este recorrido veremos las distintas tipologías de vidrieras existentes, clasificadas en función de su técnica constructiva y materiales, sus usos y funciones y los temas o motivos representados.
Las vidrieras de la Basílica del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús de Gijón
Authors: Cuello Rey Isaac
Published: January 2025

El 30 de mayo de 1924, el nuncio apostólico, cardenal Federico Tedeschini, consagraba en Gijón el templo que bajo la advocación del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús había erigido la congregación de jesuitas en una de sus calles más céntricas. Elogiado desde sus inicios por la calidad y fastuosidad de su decoración, la hoy Basílica Menor custodia más de 200 metros cuadrados de vidrieras repartidos entre 100 vanos, lo que lo configura como uno de los más amplios y relevantes conjuntos vidrieros de ámbito religioso de Asturias. El presente artículo tiene por objeto la aproximación a los resultados del estudio que con motivo del primer centenario del templo se está realizando de estas vidrieras.
К вопросу о правовой природе норм, регулирующих предмет доказывания в арбитражном процессе
Authors: Нахова Е.А.
Published: January 2025

АВТОР КОНСТАТИРУЕТ, ЧТО ВЫНЕСЕНИЕ СУДАМИ ЗАКОННЫХ И ОБОСНОВАННЫХ РЕШЕНИЙ ЯВЛЯЕТСЯ РЕШАЮЩИМ КРИТЕРИЕМ ПРИ ОЦЕНКЕ ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ СУДЕБНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ. ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ СУДОПРОИЗВОДСТВА И СУДЕБНОЙ ЗАЩИТЫ В ЦЕЛОМ В ЗНАЧИТЕЛЬНОЙ МЕРЕ ОБУСЛОВЛЕНА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬЮ ДОКАЗЫВАНИЯ. НЕПОЛНОЕ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ СУДОМ ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВ ПРЕДМЕТА ДОКАЗЫВАНИЯ СЛУЖИТ ОСНОВАНИЕМ ДЛЯ ОТМЕНЫ СОСТОЯВШЕГОСЯ СУДЕБНОГО АКТА В АПЕЛЛЯЦИОННОМ ПОРЯДКЕ И ЯВЛЯЕТСЯ НАРУШЕНИЕМ ТРЕБОВАНИЯ ОБОСНОВАННОСТИ СУДЕБНОГО АКТА. НОРМЫ О ПРЕДМЕТЕ ДОКАЗЫВАНИЯ РАССМАТРИВАЮТСЯ АВТОРОМ С ТОЧКИ ЗРЕНИЯ ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ПОДХОДА. ОПИРАЯСЬ НА ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ О ПРАВОВОЙ ПРИРОДЕ И ПРИЗНАКАХ СУБИНСТИТУТОВ ПРАВА, АВТОР ЗАКЛЮЧАЕТ, ЧТО НОРМЫ О ПРЕДМЕТЕ ДОКАЗЫВАНИЯ ОБЛАДАЮТ ВСЕМИ ПРИЗНАКАМИ СУБИНСТИТУТА ДОКАЗАТЕЛЬСТВЕННОГО ПРАВА. ТЩАТЕЛЬНОСТЬ СУДЕБНОГО ПОЗНАНИЯ ТРЕБОВАНИЙ И ВОЗРАЖЕНИЙ ЛИЦ, УЧАСТВУЮЩИХ В ДЕЛЕ, ОБУСЛОВЛЕНА ТЕМ, ЧТО ТРЕБОВАНИЯ И ВОЗРАЖЕНИЯ ЛИЦ, УЧАСТВУЮЩИХ В ДЕЛЕ, УЧИТЫВАЮТСЯ АРБИТРАЖНЫМ СУДОМ ПРИ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИИ ПРЕДМЕТА ДОКАЗЫВАНИЯ ПО ДЕЛУ. ТАКЖЕ РАССМОТРЕНЫ НАУЧНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ КОНЦЕПЦИИ ПРЕДМЕТА ДОКАЗЫВАНИЯ НА СОВРЕМЕННОМ ЭТАПЕ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУЧНОЙ МЫСЛИ В АРБИТРАЖНОМ ПРОЦЕССЕ. АВТОР ПРИХОДИТ К ВЫВОДУ, ЧТО В АРБИТРАЖНОМ ПРОЦЕССУАЛЬНОМ ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВЕ НЕОБХОДИМО ЗАКРЕПИТЬ КАТЕГОРИЮ «ПРЕДМЕТ ДОКАЗЫВАНИЯ», ДАВ ЕГО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬНОЕ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ И РЕГЛАМЕНТИРОВАВ ОБЩИЙ И ЧАСТНЫЙ МЕХАНИЗМЫ ЕГО ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ. ОБЩИЙ МЕХАНИЗМ — ПРАВИЛА ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ПРЕДМЕТА ДОКАЗЫВАНИЯ ПО ДЕЛУ С УЧЕТОМ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ НОРМ КАК МАТЕРИАЛЬНОГО, ТАК И ПРОЦЕССУАЛЬНОГО ПРАВА, ТРЕБОВАНИЙ И ВОЗРАЖЕНИЙ ЛИЦ, УЧАСТВУЮЩИХ В ДЕЛЕ, А ТАКЖЕ КОНКРЕТНЫХ ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВ ДЕЛА. ЧАСТНЫЙ МЕХАНИЗМ — ПРАВИЛА ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ЛОКАЛЬНОГО ПРЕДМЕТА ДОКАЗЫВАНИЯ ПО ДЕЛУ С УЧЕТОМ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ НОРМ ПРОЦЕССУАЛЬНОГО ПРАВА, ТРЕБОВАНИЙ И ВОЗРАЖЕНИЙ ЛИЦ, УЧАСТВУЮЩИХ В ДЕЛЕ, А ТАКЖЕ КОНКРЕТНЫХ ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВ НЕОБХОДИМОСТИ СОВЕРШЕНИЯ ПРОЦЕССУАЛЬНОГО ДЕЙСТВИЯ.
Арбитражный процесс нередко является донором для гражданского и административного процесса
Authors: Першутов А.Г. , Солохин А.Е.
Published: January 2025

В СТАТЬЕ ИЗУЧАЮТСЯ НАИБОЛЕЕ ЯРКИЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ АРБИТРАЖНОГО ПРОЦЕССУАЛЬНОГО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА ПОСЛЕДНИХ ДЕСЯТИ ЛЕТ, СВЯЗАННЫЕ С УНИФИКАЦИЕЙ ПРОЦЕССУАЛЬНОГО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА, РАСШИРЕНИЕМ И СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕМ УПРОЩЕННЫХ (УСКОРЕННЫХ) ПРОИЗВОДСТВ И ОПТИМИЗАЦИЕЙ СУДОПРОИЗВОДСТВА, РАЗВИТИЕМ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ЭЛЕКТРОННОГО ПРАВОСУДИЯ, СУДЕБНЫХ ПРИМИРИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПРОЦЕДУР И ИНСТИТУТА ПРИМИРЕНИЯ В ЦЕЛОМ. ВЫЯВЛЯЮТСЯ ОСОБЕННОСТИ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ УКАЗАННЫХ ТЕНДЕНЦИЙ.
Performance of Piston Engines with Ideal Cleaning of Cylinders from Residual Gases
Authors:   Department of Heat Engineering and Internal Combustion Engines of the Energy and Environmental, Moscow, M Matiukhin Leonid
Published: January 2025

To increase the power produced by the engine, it is necessary to increase the mass filling of its cylinders with fresh charge.For an indirect assessment of the filling quality, the volumetric efficiency coefficient ηv is used. This coefficient characterizes not so much the filling itself as its deterioration due to the presence of residual gases, hydraulic resistances, and temperature of the fresh charge. Since the coefficient ηv depends on the parameters of the air / fresh charge at the inlet to the engine cylinders, an infinite set of values of the coefficient ηv corresponds to the same mass filling. The volumetric efficiency can be increased at the cost of losing part of the fresh charge as a result of scavenging, but this increase does not lead to an increase in power. In engines with external mixture formation, the mentioned losses mean only an increase in fuel consumption, and in diesel engines, a deterioration in environmental performance. Significantly more information about the results of filling gives the volumetric composition of the working mixture. The volume fraction of fresh charge/air in the working mixture characterizes the degree to which it fills the full volume of the cylinder, and its equality to one corresponds to the maximum possible filling, at which no residual gases remain in the cylinder. The article proposes an analysis of the impact of blowdown effects on the economic and environmental performance of the engine based on the volumetric composition of the working mixture.
Methodological foundations of the formation of environmental awareness in the practice of teaching linguistic disciplines
Authors:   International Sakharov Environmental Institute, Belarusian State University, Butkevich Yuliya I.
Published: January 2025

The integration of ecological educational components into the practice of teaching foreign languages opens wide opportunities for the formation of students’ environmental consciousness. This article discusses the methodological foundations that ensure this process. First of all, the principles underlying the inclusion of ecological topics in linguistic disciplines and determining the effective integration of ecological content and language teaching objectives based on interdisciplinary approaches, pedagogical theories and practical strategies are conceptualized. In addition, the methodological foundations of the most effective research practices in language teaching and environmental education are highlighted, and new trends and innovations in both fields are characterized. The article elaborates on different pedagogical models such as Project Based Learning (PBL), Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), Task Based Language Teaching (TBLT), Flipped classroom and reveals the mechanisms that promote the simultaneous development of environmental awareness, language competence and critical thinking skills. Special attention is paid to demonstrating the key role of educators in creating meaningful learning experiences that promote environmental stewardship and intercultural understanding. The article emphasizes the importance of creating an educational environment in which students are encouraged to learn about environmental topics through authentic language use, thereby developing a deeper understanding of environmental issues. By illustrating the methodological framework through the lens of specific English language teaching methods, the article reveals practical strategies for seamlessly integrating language education with the formation of environmental awareness. Demonstrating the value of innovative teaching methods and experiential learning opportunities, the article shows how language teachers can effectively weave environmental themes into their curricula, empowering students to become not only informed but conscious advocates of sustainable development strategies and environmental justice. This article reveals a number of possibilities that arise from combining language education and the process of building environmental awareness. It substantiates the effectiveness of adopting a holistic approach to learning that transcends disciplinary boundaries and equips students with the linguistic, cognitive and socio-environmental competencies necessary for self-actualization in an increasingly dynamic and interconnected world.
Roadside phytocoenoses under conditions of erosion and soil pollution with salt components of deicing reagents
Authors:   V. F. Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Shavalda Yauheni S. ,   International Sakharov Environmental Institute, Belarusian State University, Komar Artur Yu. ,   V. F. Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Sudnik Aliaksandr V. ,   V. F. Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Batian Anatoly N. ,   International Sakharov Environmental Institute, Belarusian State University
Published: January 2025

Roadside phytocenoses along the right-of-way of highways in Minsk and the Minsk region are described. The identified syntaxa belong to 3 classes – Polygono-Poetea annuae, Artemisietea vulgaris and Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, including 4 orders, 5 unions, 11 associations and 2 unranked communities. The presence of identified phytocenoses (13 pcs.) reflects differences in growing conditions within the right-of-way – position in the right-of-way (ditches, slopes, etc.), intensity of soil erosion, salinization due to the use of de-icing reagents and other anthropogenic factors. An assessment was made of the degree of erosion of roadside soils and their salinization as a result of the use of deicing reagents, depending on the design of the right-of-way. The «Notch» and «Embankment» exposures are subject to the greatest erosion – the average score was 2,7 out of 4,0, and the maximum area of soil erosion is observed in areas directly next to the roadway of all exposures and on the slopes of the «Notch» – an average score of 3,0–4,0. There are characteristic signs of migration of Na+ and Cl– ions between soil horizons of 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm within the rightof-way during the growing season – the content of ions in the spring was predominantly higher in the upper horizon (0–10 cm); in summer, the ion concentration was higher in the lower horizon (10–20 cm), however, under conditions of capillary rise of mineralized solutions to the surface layer, the indicators remained close to the upper horizon (0–10 cm). The salt impact intensity index (SII) showed a medium and high level of salt influence on vegetation in the «zero position» and «Embankment». The SII in the «Notch» is maintained within the acceptable level. The data obtained on the structure of phytocenoses under their growing conditions made it possible to develop recommendations for caring for the right-of-way and creating a sustainable roadside lawn.
Characteristics of lymphoid cell effector cytotoxicity mechanisms in patients with sinonasal neoplasms.
Authors:   International Sakharov Environmental Institute, Belarusian State University, Nazaranka Elizaveta M. ,   Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Belarusian State Medical University, Morozova Natallia A. ,   N. N. Alexandrov National Cancer Center of Belarus, Vialichka Alesia V. ,   International Sakharov Environmental Institute, Belarusian State University,   Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Belarusian State Medical University, Kolyadich Zhanna V. ,   N. N. Alexandrov National Cancer Center of Belarus, Nizheharodava Darya B. ,   International Sakharov Environmental Institute, Belarusian State University,   Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Belarusian State Medical University
Published: January 2025

The immune response to tumors is primarily mediated through effector cytotoxic reactions, which enable the direct removal of transformed cells in the body. Granule-mediated cytotoxicity is one of the main protective antitumor mechanism, which includes the release of lytic proteins into the immunological synapse between the effector cell and the target. Studying the features of this cytotoxic mechanism is promising for identifying molecular biomarkers that can help track the progression of tumor malignancy and develop new approaches to targeted immunotherapy. This article presents the results of LAMP-1/CD107a expression and intracellular granzyme B production by cytotoxic lymphoid cells in co-cultures with tumor cell line K562 from patients with benign and malignant sinonasal tumors, who were treated in the department of head and neck tumors of the Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Oncology and Medical Radiology named after N. N. Alexandrov in 2023–2024. The comparison group consisted of patients with polypous rhinosinusitis, the control group was represented by healthy individuals. The expression of the markers was determined by flow cytofluorometry. The study revealed an increase in the number of NK cells and a decrease in the number of T cells in cultures in patients with benign and malignant sinonasal neoplasms compared with the control group. An increase in the CD107a expression and intracellular granzyme B production by T cells from patients with malignant sinonasal neoplasms in co-cultures with K562 as compared with the control group was established, that correlates with the degree of disease malignancy (R = 0.48, p = 0.009 for T-cells expressing CD107, and R = 0.40, p = 0.03 for cells producing granzyme B). At the same time, the CD107a expression and the granzyme B production by NK-cells in cocultures with K562 was significantly reduced in patients with both benign and malignant neoplasms. The obtained data indicates that effector T cells in patients with malignant sinonasal neoplasms are involved in the antitumor response, predominantly using the mechanism of granule-mediated cytotoxicity, allowing to consider subpopulations of CD107aand granzyme B-positive T cells as potential prognostic markers of malignancy of the tumor process.
The ratio of filamentous and flocculating microbiota of activated sludge for effective biological wastewater treatment
Authors:   Belarusian State Technological University, Masekhnovich Aleksandra A. , Grebenchikova Irina A. ,   Belarusian State Technological University, Markevich Raisa M. ,   Belarusian State Technological University, Rymovskaya Mariya V. ,   Belarusian State Technological University
Published: January 2025

The ability of filamentous forms of microorganisms isolated from biocenoses of urban and industrial wastewater treatment plants to form filamentous structures and interact with activated sludge flocs when co-cultivated with it at aerobic, microaerobic and anaerobic conditions and at different volume ratios of activated sludge: filamentous bacteria suspensions was studied. The ratio of filamentous and flocculating microbiota for effective biological wastewater treatment has been established. It was found that the joint cultivation of activated sludge and isolates M7, M9 and M26 in microaerobic conditions contributes to the formation of dense and compact floc of activated sludge, the mixing intensity is sufficient to provide dissolved oxygen to the heterotrophic microbiota of sludge, but does not lead to the destruction of floc. When cultivating a mixture of activated sludge and M42 bacteria under aerobic conditions, the formation of the most compact floc was noted, which may be due to the activity of bacteria of this isolate, which were massively embedded in floc, but did not violate its structure. Bacteria of isolate A33 did not affect the structure of floc at any ratios and aeration conditions, but were found in large quantities in mixed culture. Under anaerobic conditions, in the presence of M26 and A12 bacteria, at a ratios of activated sludge : filamentous bacteria equal to 1:1, 3:1, the structure of floc is disrupted, which can lead to a decrease in its sedimentation ability. In addition, in the presence of isolate A12 in the sludge mixture, a large number of non-floc bacterial filaments of small length are observed in the culture liquid, which leads to a significant increase in the concentration of suspended solids in the settled liquid.
The established facts should be taken into account when operating treatment facilities at the risk of mass development of filamentous bacteria isolates M26 and A12 and prevent the formation of dead zones in bioreactors.
Modeling the growth of the invasive river crayfish species Procambarus virginalis (Decapoda, Astacidea) under different temperature conditions
Authors:   International Sakharov Environmental Institute, Belarusian State University, Golubev Alexander P. , Ulashchyk Ekaterina A. ,   International Sakharov Environmental Institute, Belarusian State University, Bodilovskaya Olga A. ,   International Sakharov Environmental Institute, Belarusian State University
Published: January 2025

In the marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis, the dependence of the duration of inter-larval intervals on body weight and the magnitude of body weight gains for individual inter-larval intervals in the temperature ranges 15.3–17.9 °С, 7.5–18.9, 19.1–20.8, 21.0–22.8, 22.9–25.2 and 25.3–28.9 °С was determined. The growth curves of individuals in these temperature ranges and the sum of effective temperatures (Sef) of individuals during juvenile growth and breeding periods
were calculated from these data. The average Sef value for the juvenile period of P. virginalis (until newborn individuals reach a body weight of 1.4 g) in the studied temperature ranges is 4316 degree·days at the biological zero temperature of 7.6 °C. For the breeding period (until reaching the body weight from 1.4 g to the limit weight of 15 g) – respectively 10630 degree·days and 3.0 °C. Based on the annual dynamics of mean monthly temperatures in six continental water bodies
within the invasive range of P. virginalis (Sweden, Belarus, Germany, Slovakia, North Macedonia and Malawi), Sef values were calculated for the periods of the year during which juvenile growth and reproduction of sexually mature individuals are possible. In temperate water bodies located in Sweden, Belarus, Germany and Slovakia, Sef values during the juvenile growth period vary between 1083 and 2099 degree·days. In the more southern body of water in Northern Macedonia, this value reaches 2990 degree·days, and in the tropical African body of water in Malawi it reaches 7076 degree·days. Consequently, newborn individuals of P. virginalis, which in water bodies of the temperate zone of Europe hatch in the first half of summer, can reach sexual maturity only in the third summer of life, and in a tropical water body – already in the first summer of life. Sef values for periods of the year favorable for the growth of sexually mature individuals in the
studied water bodies of Europe increase from 2031 degree·days (water body in Sweden) to 4657 degree·days (water body in Northern Macedonia). In the tropical water body of Malawi, this figure reaches 8058 degree·days, i.e. the maximum life span of P. virginalis in this water body does not exceed two years. Nevertheless, throughout the entire range, sexually mature individuals of P. virginalis are capable of producing no more than 2–5 clutches of eggs per life cycle.
Parameters of the transition of radionuclides into the biomass of miscanthus gigantus on the lands of the exclusion zone of the Polesie State Radiation-Ecological Reserve
Authors:   Polesie State Radiation-Ecological Reserve, Kudin Maxim V. , Evseev Evgeniy B. ,   Polesie State Radiation-Ecological Reserve, Garbaruk Dmitry K. ,   Polesie State Radiation-Ecological Reserve, Voronetskaya Alesya N. ,   Polesie State Radiation-Ecological Reserve, Dragun Alexander V. ,   Gomelab Technologies LLC
Published: January 2025

The article describes a new culture for Belarus, Miscanthus gigantus, introduced in the conditions of Belarusian Polesie, and also describes its biological and environmental features. It is proposed to use the studied crop for energy purposes. It is assumed that growing plants for energy purposes in Belarus is most promising in the natural and climatic conditions of the Gomel region. The cultivation of miscanthus contributes to solving a number of significant environmental issues. First of all, it ensures obtaining a sustainable harvest of high-quality crop products, which increases the efficiency of using low-fertile lands. Secondly, it improves the humus state and stabilizes the pool of mobile forms of ash elements in the soil, thereby preventing the increasing depletion of its fertility and degradation. The characteristics of the climatic conditions of growth during the experiment from 2020 to 2023 are given. Experimental activities for growing miscanthus gigantus variety «Druzhba-Avtyuki» in the exclusion zone of the Polesie State Radiation-Ecological Reserve are described. The parameters of accumulation of Cs137 and Sr90 in the vegetative mass of the plant were determined. The maximum permissible densities of soil contamination were calculated when growing the plant under study for various technical purposes. When growing miscanthus of the giant variety «Druzhba-Avtyuki» on sod-podzolic sandy and sod-podzolic gleyic soils for the production of wood technical raw materials, wood fuel and other non-food forestry products, it is possible without restrictions on the density of contamination with Cs137. At the same time, obtaining normatively pure biomass of the studied crop on soddy-podzolic soils that are temporarily excessively moistened imposes restrictions on the density of soil contamination with cesium-137: 27,85 Ci/km2 – for other non-food forestry products; 22,3 Ci/km2 – for wood technical raw materials; 11,1 Ci/km2 – for wood fuel. It is suggested that there are prospects for using plant raw materials of giant miscanthus, grown on radioactively contaminated lands, for technological purposes (to produce cellulose, biodiesel, biogas), subject to additional research and development of technological operations at real production facilities.
Uncertainties in calculating the geometric parameters of radiopharmaceutical accumulation lesion on diagnostic images during pre-radiation preparation for radiosurgerye
Authors:   N. N. Alexandrov National Cancer Centre, Emelianenko Evgeny V. , Piatkevich Maksim N. ,   N. N. Alexandrov National Cancer Centre, Shturo Irina A. ,   N. N. Alexandrov National Cancer Centre
Published: January 2025

The phantom (imitating the brain) with different diameter models-spheres installed inside was scanned on positron emission tomography (PET) combined with computed X-ray tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance tomography (MRI). When MR scans of this phantom were performed to visualize the instilled spheres, their volumes were filled with the contrast agent copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4.5H2O), which contributes to its sensitivity to chemical shifts and susceptibility artifacts (additional causes of distortion arising from encountering density differences in diagnostic MRI and radiation
therapy planning). Qualitative assessment of the obtained images for each sequence for artifacts was performed. Quantitative analysis of the obtained PET/CT scanning results was performed, namely, the accuracy of recovery of volumetric activity of model-spheres (pathological foci of radiopharmaceutical accumulation). Taking into account high practical significance of treatment of pathological formations of small volume, spheres with inner diameter of 4 and 6 mm were used additionally as models (pathological foci). The influence of the number of subsets on the diagnostic informativity of PET/CT images, as well as on the value of recovery coefficients was established. Contouring of models-spheres on CT and MR images by five radiologists was performed in order to evaluate the influence of personal variability on the final contour of structures. Also, models of pathologic foci were delineated on the obtained PET/CT images of different modalities, and differences in nominal values and delineation volumes were calculated. Deviation values of contrast recovery coefficients of modelsphere models with diameters of 4–22 mm on PET images reconstructed with different parameters were obtained. The influence of reconstruction parameters on the formation of the resulting volume of model-sphere delineation of different diameter on PET images reconstructed with different number of subsets (18 and 24), as well as with different values of the Gaussian filter was evaluated.
The combined effect of dexamethasone and hydrogen peroxide on the structural state of the plasma membranes of thymocytes of experimental animals
Authors:   International Sakharov Environmental Institute, Belarusian State University, Puhteeva Irina V. , Gerasimovich Natalya V. ,   International Sakharov Environmental Institute, Belarusian State University, Gil Margarita D. ,   International Sakharov Environmental Institute, Belarusian State University
Published: January 2025

The aim of the work is to study structural changes in the plasma membranes of cells of the immune system under the combined action of dexamethasone and hydrogen peroxide. Using a pyrene fluorescent probe (Sigma), the lipid phase of membranes was studied. To study the effect of glucocorticoids on thymocytes, a synthetic analogue of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone was added to the cell suspension in various concentrations. Oxidative stress was simulated by incubation of a suspension of thymocytes with hydrogen peroxide. The work found that glucocorticoids, interacting with thymocyte membranes, cause a change in the physicochemical characteristics of the plasma membranes of thymus cells. The most pronounced changes were observed in the area of annular lipids, the microviscosity in this area increased by 1.5–2 times depending on the incubation time and dexamethasone concentration. The exogenous effect of hydrogen peroxide on thymocytes leads to changes in the structural state of thymocyte plasma membranes, such as a 1.3-fold increase in polarity, a 2-fold increase in microviscosity in the area of annular lipids and a 1.7-fold increase in the lipid bilayer, as well as a 2-fold increase in the degree of protein fluorescence quenching. These results indicate the activation of lipid peroxidation processes caused by the effect of hydrogen peroxide on cells, which indicates the effect of hydrogen peroxide on changes in the structural state of thymocyte plasma membranes. It should be noted that a decrease in the microviscosity of the lipid
bilayer in these experiments was observed as a result of the membrane-mediated action of hydrogen peroxide, since this substance activates the processes of lipid peroxidation. Thus, the combined action of hydrogen peroxide and dexamethasone leads to such changes as: an increase in the polarity of annular lipids and the microviscosity of annular lipids, a decrease in the microviscosity of the lipid bilayer, as well as a decrease in the degree of attenuation of protein fluorescence. The minimum and maximum concentrations of these substances have a different effect on these parameters, which may be due
to the complex interaction between hydrogen peroxide and dexamethasone.
Tumor microenvironment: systematic review
Authors:   International Sakharov Environmental Institute, Belarusian State University, Vialichka Alesia V. ,   Belarusian State Medical University, Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Nizheharodava Darya B. ,   International Sakharov Environmental Institute, Belarusian State University,   Belarusian State Medical University, Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Nazaranka Elizaveta M. ,   Belarusian State Medical University, Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Muzychenka Bogdan A. ,   International Sakharov Environmental Institute, Belarusian State University, Zafranskaya Marina M. ,   International Sakharov Environmental Institute, Belarusian State University,   Belarusian State Medical University, Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine
Published: January 2025

The growth and progression of a neoplasm is a multi–stage process mediated by interactions between tumor cells and their surrounding stroma including various cell types (fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells), cell-free components (cytokines, extracellular vesicles and extracellular matrix), blood and lymphatic vessels that form the tumor microenvironment. During the progression of neoplasms, tumor cells can evade the immune response by suppressing or losing tumor antigens releasing immunosuppressive extracellular vesicles and exosomes, secreting various cytokines, chemokines and other factors, and begin to reprogram and remodel the surrounding stroma. The most relevant areas of TME study are cells and molecules of innate and acquired immunity exhibited both suppressive and stimulating activity against tumor cells due to their high heterogeneity and plasticity. Special attention is paid to immune control points, tumor microbiota, components of intercellular interaction as well as immunotherapy of tumor diseases.
In this paper, a systematic review of scientific publications in PubMed database devoted to the study of TME and published in the period from 2019 to 2024 was carried out. 2547 sources were studied and 68 articles were selected during the screening process. Search queries and keywords included «tumor microenvironment», «immune cells», «tumor», «oncogenesis», «metastasis». The formed group of scientific articles will allow to study in more detail the cellular and molecular
composition of the tumor microenvironment, as well as the main targets for the development of new approaches for malignant neoplasms diagnosis and therapy involving TME.
Revalensi Malnutrisi Pada Lanjut Usia Berdasarkan Mini Nutrisional Assesment-Short Form (MNA-SF)
Authors: Purwantini Dwi , Prasetya Widya , Saputra Agung Kurniawan
Published: January 2025

Malnutrition is a clinical condition resulting from an imbalance between the need, intake, and utilization of nutrients, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality rates, as well as decreased quality of life. Malnutrition is common in the elderly. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of malnutrition in the elderly based on the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF) at the Surabaya Elderly Posyandu. The research design was a descriptive study using a questionnaire as a data collection tool. The target population in this study was the elderly aged ≥60 years at the Surabaya Elderly Posyandu, totaling 61 elderly. The sampling technique was total sampling. Data were collected by filling out the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF) questionnaire. The results of the study showed that the nutritional status of the elderly based on the MNA-SF was 46 elderly (75.4%) with normal nutritional status, 14 elderly (23%) with nutritional status at risk of malnutrition and 1 elderly (1.6%) with malnutrition nutritional status
The diversity of hymenoptera species (Hymenoptera L.) on the Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. plants in the "Alexandru Ciubotaru" National Botanical Garden (Institute)
Authors: CÎRLIG Natalia , ȚÎȚEI Victor , GUȚU Ana
Published: January 2025

The article presents the diversity of Hymenoptera species (Hymenoptera L.) identified on the Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. cv. 'Melifera' plants, grown in the collection of “Alexandru Ciubotaru” National Botanical Garden (Institute). Eight insect species of the order Hymenoptera L. have been identified (Apis mellifera, Bombus terrestris, B. lapidarius, B. hortorum, Megachile sp., Lasioglossum malachurus, Xylocopa violacea, Megascolia maculata), included in 5 families (Apidae, Megachilidae, Halictidae, Anthophoridae, Scoliidae)) and 6 genera. The presence of Apis mellifera specimens in large numbers has been recorded, which attests the potential of phacelia as honey plant.
The evolution and current status of scientific reserves
Authors: POSTOLACHE Gheorghe
Published: January 2025

Based on scientific publications and our own research, the scientific achievements concerning the conservation of biological diversity in the scientific reserves of the Republic of Moldova were generalized. Since the establishment of the scientific reserves to the present, the composition of the flora and vegetation has been highlighted, and summaries of the flora, vegetation, and arboretums have been elaborated and edited. Rare plants and associations of rare plants have been highlighted according to the concept approached by J.Braun-Blanquet (1964). The current state of protection, the changes in the status of the reserves are evaluated. Some causes that have resulted in the deplorable state of most scientific reserves in terms of biodiversity conservation are analyzed.
Prison Study: A Review of Research Gaps and Future Directions
Authors: Milićević Milena
Published: January 2025

Introduction: With numerous studies examining life in prison, identifying research gaps is necessary for mapping focus areas, refining unanswered questions, and avoiding redundant efforts. This process could optimise resources, fosters collaborative approaches, and ultimately lead to more robust and insightful research outcomes. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to identify and address research gaps and future directions within the field of prison studies, specifically focusing on prison climate. Methods: Comprehensive searches were conducted across two databases and a web search engine, with no time restrictions, targeting papers with 'prison climate' in their titles. Both quantitative and qualitative studies were collected. Their limitations and recommendations for future research were analysed using a convergent integrated framework, followed by thematic synthesis. Results: A review of 97 studies identified several critical areas. The studies included diverse samples, but research predominantly focused on Western countries and adult male populations. Various ethical, logistical, and institutional factors frequently influenced sample representativeness, data quality, and measurement reliability. In general, there is an urgent need for longitudinal studies examining prison climate and rehabilitation outcomes. Comparative cross-cultural studies and qualitative explorations of the experiences of both inmates and staff remain underrepresented. Additionally, limited research addresses the relationship between inmate personality profiles and their specific needs within prison programs. Similarly, limited attention was given to how the work environment impacts staff attitudes and behaviours, as well as how these, consequently, shape inmate perceptions of prison climate. The effectiveness of gender-sensitive rehabilitation programs and the role of interventions focused on family, housing, and health in reducing recidivism also require further exploration. Conclusion: Geographic diversity and representation of under-researched groups (e.g., elderly inmates, non-Western populations) remain limited. While quantitative methods dominated, qualitative approaches, context-specific validation, and longitudinal designs emerged as priorities for future research. Additionally, expanding research beyond Western prison populations and adapting measurement tools for diverse inmate and staff groups is recommended. Establishing evidence-based thresholds could help set policies that prevent institutions from falling below safety standards and ensure minimally acceptable conditions regarding overcrowding, violence levels, and staffing ratios. These thresholds can guide resource allocation and intervention design towards positive rehabilitation outcomes, such as increased program participation and improved re-entry support. Finally, engaging individuals with lived experience and other relevant stakeholders in research could further ensure the relevance and applicability of findings.
Some Features of the Educational Structure of Convicted Individuals in the PrisonLIFE Study
Authors: Pavićević Olivera
Published: January 2025

This paper analyzes the educational structure of the incarcerated population based on a sample
surveyed as part of the PrisonLIFE research project. The results indicate that convicted
individuals with high school are predominant within the sample, prompting various
considerations not only regarding the incarcerated population and its socio-demographic
characteristics but also about what these data suggest for the general population and social
processes in Serbia. Several perspectives are proposed for analyzing these results, representing
a multidisciplinary approach that encompasses sociological, criminological, and pedagogical
contributions to the topic. The discussion aims to enhance understanding of the incarcerated
population and its educational advancement, while also critically reflecting on negative trends
in education, as well as moral, normative, and institutional development and compliance in
Serbia, which could be significant for reducing crime rates.
Gender Differences and Secondary Traumatization in Helping Professions
Authors: Glomazić Hajdana , Vidović Stanislava
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the phenomenon of secondary traumatization among professionals in
helping professions, with a particular focus on gender roles as a factor shaping stress responses.
Secondary traumatization, defined as emotional and psychological exhaustion caused by
working with trauma-affected clients, can significantly impact the well-being of service
providers. The aim of the research is to examine differences in responses to secondary
traumatization between men and women, viewed in the context of gender roles. The
methodology involves a descriptive-empirical approach and the use of standardized
instruments to measure secondary traumatization. The results indicate that women show more
symptoms of secondary traumatization compared to men, particularly in the areas of anxiety
and dissociation, which can be partly attributed to socially conditioned gender roles and
expectations