bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Feeling Ashamed of Disclosure of HIV‐Positive Status Among Women Who Self‐Reported to Health Facilities for HIV Testing in Kenya: Analysis of 2022 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Isiko Isaac , Taremwa Kelly , Nyegenye Simon , Mwesigwa Aaron , Mutebi Reagan Muwanga , Okoro Lenz Nwachinemere , Edet Eneh Nchiek , Koech Catherine Chepkoskei , Gadzama Bulus Naya , Asingwire Jackson Micheal
Published: December 2024

Background

This study aimed to determine the factors associated with feeling ashamed of disclosing HIV‐positive status among females who self‐reported to health facilities for HIV testing in Kenya.

Method

This study used the Kenya Demographic Health Survey data set for 2022. A total of 18,506 women aged 15–49 years were selected from the sample clusters; 13,815 had ever tested for HIV and 332 had positive results for HIV. The chi‐squared test was applied to determine the association between the selected variables of interest and the outcome variable. Furthermore, to identify the explanatory variables that were associated with the outcome variable of interest, logistic binary regression was performed. A p > 0.05 and all statistical analyses were conducted using Microsoft Excel (xlsx) and STATA15.

Results

The analysis included 332 women who had tested positive during the survey out of which 125(38%) women agreed to have felt ashamed to disclose their HIV+ status. Agreed to stigma (AOR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.15, 3.22; p < 0.05) and being intimidated by health workers (AOR = 2.49, 95% CI: 1.05, 5.93; p < 0.05) were significantly associated with feeling ashamed of disclosing HIV+ status. The remaining variables, such as age category, residence, marital status, educational attainment, total number of children born, access to information, sex partners excluding spouses in the last 12 months, and number of lifetime sex partners, were not associated with feeling ashamed.

Conclusion

Health stigmatization and intimidation Stigmatization had an almost two‐fold likelihood of causing shame in the disclosure of HIV status among females with HIV who were studied.
Capitonnage Versus Non‐Capitonnage in Pediatric Pulmonary Hydatid Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Boozhmehrani Mohammad Javad , Bahreiny Seyed Sobhan , Bastani Mohammad Navid , Amraei Mahdi , Mansouri Zahra , Kazemzadeh Razieh , Farhadi Majid , Hoseinnejad Akbar , Pirsadeghi Ali , Asadi Zahra , Bighamian Afshin , Eslami Gilda
Published: December 2024

Background and Aim

Pulmonary hydatid disease, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, presents significant clinical challenges, particularly in pediatric populations. Surgical intervention remains the gold standard for treatment, with various techniques employed, including capitonnage and non‐capitonnage methods. This systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluates the efficacy and safety of capitonnage compared to non‐capitonnage techniques in children.

Methods

This systematic review and meta‐analysis followed the PRISMA guidelines to ensure methodological rigor. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases to identify relevant studies. To assess pooled event rates and corresponding 95% confidence intervals for both complications and cure rates, we employed a random‐effects model, allowing for variability among study populations. All statistical analyses were conducted using Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis software (version 3.7).

Results

Thirteen studies met the established inclusion criteria for analysis. The overall complication rate was 46%, with significantly lower rates in the capitonnage group (24%) compared to the non‐capitonnage group (58%). The cure rate was higher in the capitonnage group (83.5%) than in the non‐capitonnage group (65.2%). Meta‐regression analysis indicated that complication rates were influenced by cyst diameter, study publication date, mean age, and type of surgery.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that capitonnage is associated with better outcomes in terms of lower complication rates and higher cure rates. This evidence supports the use of capitonnage as a preferred surgical technique for managing pulmonary hydatid disease in children. Further research is recommended to explore the long‐term outcomes and potential benefits of combining surgical and pharmacological treatments.
Financial Development, Institutions, and Technological Innovation in Africa
Authors: Adekoya Oluwasegun B. , Kenku Oluwademilade T. , Al‐Faryan Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh
Published: December 2024

Most African countries are notably confronted with inefficient financial systems, weak institutional arrangements, and low technological innovations. This motivates this study to examine if financial development has any implications on technological innovation in the region, while putting the direct and nonlinear role of institutional quality into consideration. We find that, excluding institutional quality, financial development has a negative impact on technological innovation. The findings are not altered when the influence of institutional quality is linearly examined. The threshold results, however, show that financial development positively affects technological innovation at the low institutional quality level, whereas financial development has no significant impact on technological innovation at higher institutional quality levels. This paradox, although in contrast to expectation, explains the reality of the institutional arrangements in the African countries. They are not just weak, but very restrictive, thereby concentrating the financial means into the hands of few elites who then discretionarily engage in innovative activities. The direct impact of institutional quality on technological innovation is heterogeneous, as it depends on the specific institutional quality indicators and their threshold levels. These findings have crucial policy implications for the governments of the African countries.
Effects of magnetized ionized water and Bacillus subtilis on water and salt transport characteristics and ion composition in saline soil
Authors: Jiang Zhanbo , Wang Quanjiu , Ning Songrui , Wei Kai , Hu Xiaoqin
Published: December 2024

Magnetized ionized water and Bacillus subtilis are essential for enhancing soil salinity leaching and improving soil structure. To explore the combined effects of magnetized ionized water and B. subtilis on water–salt transport in saline soil, a one‐dimensional vertical infiltration experiment was conducted. This study evaluated the soil water and salt distributions, infiltration model parameters and composition of exchangeable base ions with magnetized ionized water (M) and nonmagnetized‐ionized water, alongside varying amounts of B. subtilis [B0 (0%), B1 (1.5%), B2 (3.0%), B3 (4.5%), B4 (6.0%)]. The results showed that magnetized ionized water increased the infiltration volume and wetting front depth. As the application amount of B. subtilis increased, the changes in these two indicators initially increased but then decreased. The sorptivity parameter (S) mirrored this trend, whereas the shape coefficient (α) showed the opposite pattern. Compared with the B0 treatment, the MB1 treatment increased the 0–20 cm soil water content by 14%, decreased the salt content by 13% and improved the desalination rate by 98%, with the efficiency increasing by 62%. Moreover, the total exchangeable base ions increased, with the highest (Ca2++ Mg2+) and lowest Na+ contents observed under B1. MB1 notably enhanced infiltration and water–salt transport, demonstrating significant desalination effects.
Enhancing Email Security: A Real‐Time Machine Learning‐Based Spam Detection System
Authors: Yadav Dharmveer Kumar , Raj Abhishek , Rajlakshmi  , Kumar Neeraj , Kumari Ritu
Published: December 2024

Spam emails pose a persistent threat to online security and productivity. To combat this menace, we propose a robust machine learning‐based spam email detection system, leveraging algorithms like Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF). Our system integrates Python's Natural Language Processing (NLP) library and cloud sourcing to achieve unparalleled accuracy and adaptability. Advanced feature extraction techniques, including Term Frequency‐Inverse Document Frequency (TF‐IDF) and N‐grams, enable comprehensive analysis of email content. Real‐time scanning and detection capabilities ensure immediate protection, while continuous learning allows the system to evolve and counter emerging spam tactics. Our system demonstrates exceptional performance, achieving accuracy rates of up to 97.58% with SVM. Comparative analysis of 11 machine learning algorithms reveals notable performance variations. By minimizing false positives and negatives, our system provides reliable protection against unwanted and harmful emails. This research contributes to the development of effective spam detection solutions, offering insights into optimal algorithms, time complexity‐accuracy trade‐offs, and scalable system design. Our system has significant implications for enhancing email security, safeguarding users from security breaches, and mitigating the economic impacts of spam.
Finances and employment domains are strong determinants when screening for unmet social needs in a predoctoral dental clinic: A preliminary assessment
Authors: Mays Keith A. , Ouyang Isabelle , Cooper Antea , Wang Qi
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Recent efforts by advocates and policy makers have articulated the importance of gaining a deeper understanding of determinants of health to improve health outcomes and reduce health disparities. Social determinants of health (SDOH) are routinely taught in oral health professions curriculum; however, there are limited studies assessing clinical implications. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of SDOH in dental school clinics and associations with socioeconomic and demographic data and health literacy (HL).

Methods

Predoctoral clinical patients were surveyed using a 28‐item, using Likert scale, multiple choice, open text, and binary yes/no items. Associations between unmet social needs (USNs) and gender, age, race/ethnicity, annual household income, zip code, and HL were evaluated. The data were descriptively and statistically analyzed (p‐values < 0.05).

Results

There were 204 respondents, males (48%) and females (50%), with 2% non‐binary reporting 331 USN cumulatively and 76% reporting one or more USN. The greatest domains were employment (27.5%), finance (23.0%), food (27.5%), and transportation (18.6%), with significant associations for employment (p < 0.0001), finance (p < 0.0001), food (p < 0.0001), and transportation (p < 0.0001). A total of 80.79% of the respondents had adequate HL, and individuals with zero and one USN had higher mean HL score versus three USNs (p = 0.0014 and 0.041, respectively).

Conclusion

Screening for USNs in dental clinics is an excellent method to gather non‐medical information that can be used to improve health outcomes. Within the limits of this study dental clinic patients have unmet need across the SDOH domains, with the highest in finance, employment, transportation, and food insecurities.
Malnourished but Not Destitute: The Spatial Interplay Between Nutrition and Poverty in Madagascar
Authors: Matekenya Dunstan , Mulangu Francis , Newhouse David
Published: December 2024

Hidden hunger is a global issue that affects an astounding 2 billion people, demanding targeted interventions for better resource allocation. However, conventional methods for identifying high‐prevalence areas often prove impractical in developing countries. This study introduces a cost‐effective and practical approach to detecting hidden hunger, combining household budget data with health surveys and applying these methods to Madagascar. By using small‐area estimation techniques, the study achieves precise commune‐level estimates, addressing the limitations of survey data representativeness. The findings challenge poverty‐based targeting, revealing that 17.9% of stunted children belong to non‐poor households. Additionally, 21.3% of non‐stunted children are found in impoverished households, supporting Sen's argument that malnutrition extends beyond destitution. The analysis further highlights key commune‐level determinants of hidden hunger, including access to healthcare, improved roads, telecommunication networks and productive agricultural activities.
Bilateral waveform analysis of gait biomechanics presurgery to 12 months following ACL reconstruction compared to controls
Authors: Büttner Christin , Lisee Caroline , Bjornsen Elizabeth , Buck Ashley , Favoreto Natália , Creighton Alexander , Kamath Ganesh , Spang Jeffrey , Franz Jason R. , Blackburn Troy , Pietrosimone Brian
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study was to compare gait biomechanics between limbs and to matched uninjured controls (i.e., sex, age, and body mass index) preoperatively and at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months following primary unilateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Functional mixed effects models were used to identify differences in gait biomechanics throughout the stance phase between the a) ACLR limb and uninvolved limb, b) ACLR limb and controls, and c) uninvolved limb and controls. Compared with the uninvolved limb, the ACLR limb demonstrated lesser knee extension moment (KEM; within 8–37% range of stance) during early stance as well as lesser knee flexion moment (KFM; 45–84%) and greater knee flexion angle (KFA; 43–90%) during mid‐ to late stance at all timepoints. Compared with controls, the ACLR limb demonstrated lesser vertical ground reaction force (vGRF; 5–26%), lesser KEM (7–47%), and lesser knee adduction moment (KAM; 12–35%) during early stance as well as greater vGRF (39–63%) and greater KFA (34–95%) during mid‐ to late stance at all timepoints. Compared with controls, the uninvolved limb demonstrated lesser KFA (1–56%) and lesser KEM (12–54%) during early to mid‐stance at all timepoints. While gait becomes more symmetrical over the first 12 months post‐ACLR, the ACLR and uninvolved limbs both demonstrate persistent aberrant gait biomechanics compared to controls. Biomechanical waveforms throughout stance can be generally described as less dynamic following ACL injury and ACLR compared with uninjured controls.
The Impact of Near‐Infrared Autofluorescence Imaging on the Ability of Surgical Trainees to Identify Parathyroid Glands
Authors: Akgun Ege , Ibrahimli Arturan , Memisoglu Edip , Sehnem Ludovico , Heiden Katherine , Berber Eren
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives

Parathyroid gland detection is a fundamental skill in endocrine surgery that is enhanced with experience. This study aims to investigate the impact of near‐infrared autofluorescence (NIRAF) imaging on a surgical team's ability to recognize parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy procedures across different training levels.

Methods

Patients who underwent thyroidectomy or parathyroidectomy under NIRAF guidance by three surgeons between March and June 2024 were included. Attending surgeons, endocrine surgery fellows, and general surgery residents were assessed regarding their ability to recognize parathyroid glands before and after NIRAF imaging during the procedures. Wilcoxon and Chi‐Square tests were used for statistical analyses.

Results

Assessments were made in 32 thyroidectomy and 53 parathyroidectomy procedures, with eventual intraoperative identification of a total of 255 parathyroid glands. A total of 896 collective assessments were made. There were 250 assessments involving junior trainees, 288 involving senior trainees (fellows), and 358 involving the primary surgeon. Parathyroid detection rates for junior trainees, senior trainees, and attending surgeons before versus after NIRAF imaging were 46.5% versus 94.8%, 68% versus 97%, and 80% versus 100%, respectively (p < 0.0001). For the same groups, respectively, NIRAF imaging detected 48.3%, 29%, and 20% of parathyroid glands not initially visible on conventional view (p < 0.0001) and increased the confidence for 51.7%, 71%, and 80% of parathyroid glands that were already recognized on conventional view (p < 0.0001). Overall, for junior trainees, senior trainees, and attending surgeons, NIRAF made a positive impact in the recognition of 82.6% (n = 142/172), 62% (n = 124/200), and 42% (n = 107/255) of the total number parathyroid glands, ultimately identified during the surgical procedures respectively, (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Our results show that NIRAF imaging improved the whole surgical team's ability to recognize parathyroid glands, with the degree of impact inversely related to the level of surgical training.
Global, Regional, and National Burden of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma from 1990 to 2021
Authors: Wu Tong , Miao Wenjie , Qukuerhan Ayihen , Alimu Nilipaer , Feng Juan , Wang Cansi , Zhang Hua , Du Huimin , Chen Lin
Published: December 2024

Background

This study analyzes nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) from 1990 to 2021 across 204 countries, focusing on prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs). It examines gender disparities, regional variations, age dynamics, and temporal trends to provide insights for health policy and resource allocation.

Methods

We used the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) approach to assess NPC's health burden, including incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs. Trends from 1990 to 2021 were illustrated using estimated annual percent change (EAPC). Subgroup analysis revealed variations by gender, age, Socio‐Demographic Index (SDI), GBD classification, and country. Age‐period‐cohort (APC) and Bayesian age‐period‐cohort (BAPC) models predicted future trends.

Results

In 2021, there were 118,878 new NPC cases globally (1.38 per 100,000), with a prevalence of 525,219 cases (6.14 per 100,000), 75,359 deaths (0.87 per 100,000), and 249,019 DALYs (28.91 per 100,000). Males had higher rates across all metrics. Incidence peaked at ages 50–54, mortality at 70–74, and DALYs at 50–54. High SDI regions, especially East and Southeast Asia, showed higher burdens. Despite decreasing age‐standardized incidence rates, absolute cases are rising, necessitating improved prevention and treatment strategies.

Conclusions

NPC prevalence has increased due to better diagnosis and aging populations, despite decreasing age‐adjusted incidence rates. Lower mortality rates indicate improved treatment. Males, especially in East and Southeast Asia, bear a higher NPC burden. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions and tailored public health policies in high‐risk regions.

Level of Evidence

III Laryngoscope, 2024
Epigenetic Suppression of miR‐137 Induces RNF4 Expression, Facilitating Wnt Signaling in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wu Yazhou , Li Hanhua , Long Yin , Zhang Zhenzhen , Zhang Fanping , Pan Runyu , Meng Leijun , Ma Zhan , Wang Kaijing , Zheng Bing , Qie Zhonghong , Gao Wei
Published: December 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant health issue worldwide. Recent studies highlight the critical role of miRNAs in CRC development, particularly miR‐137, which acts as a key tumor suppressor. Despite its known role, further exploration of miR‐137's downstream signaling is needed to understand its biology and therapeutic potential. We examined the methylation status of miR‐137 using one TCGA data and three GEO data sets. A clinical validation cohort of 78 samples was analyzed using MSP for miR‐137 promoter methylation. Various in vitro molecular/cellular and animal experiments were conducted to elucidate miR‐137's role in CRC. Bioinformatic analysis indicated frequent methylation of miR‐137 in CRC tissues, correlating with suppressed expression. EZH2‐mediated H3K27 trimethylation silences miR‐137 in CRC cells by increasing chromatin compaction, reversible by EZH2 siRNA or inhibitor GSK343. miR‐137 inhibits CRC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and xenograft tumor growth, confirming its tumor‐suppressive role. Using the miRWalk repository showed that miR‐137 regulates the Wnt signaling pathway by reducing typical protein expression in HCT116 and SW480 cells. miR‐137 directly targets RNF4, leading to its downregulation at transcriptional and protein levels, with an observed inverse correlation in CRC tissues. miR‐137 accelerates c‐Myc and β‐catenin degradation by inhibiting RNF4, impacting protein stability and Wnt pathway inhibition. miR‐137 is epigenetically silenced through DNA methylation and EZH2‐mediated H3K27 trimethylation. It regulates the Wnt signaling pathway by targeting RNF4, leading to c‐Myc and β‐catenin destabilization. Restoring miR‐137 or inhibiting RNF4 suppresses CRC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor growth, highlighting its therapeutic potential in CRC.
Antibiotic Overprescription for “Urinary Tract Infections” Is Associated With Poor Diagnostic Stewardship and Low Adherence to Guidelines
Authors: Murray Kristen , Shimabukuro Julianna , Khalfay Nuha , Chiang Jeffrey N. , Lenore Ackerman A.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

While urinary tract infections (UTIs) are thought to be common among women, as many as 65% of UTI diagnoses may be inaccurate. To identify strategies to improve antibiotic stewardship, we sought to determine the clinical and laboratory factors associated with overdiagnosis and overtreatment of UTIs.

Methods

Electronic health records identified patients bearing an isolated diagnostic code for UTI within a single healthcare system during July 2019. Demographic, clinical, and microbial data were collected by manual chart review. Regression analyses were utilized to determine factors associated with guideline non‐concordant UTI diagnosis and treatment utilizing R statistical software (version 4.3.1).

Results

In patients diagnosed with UTI, 64% were treated with antibiotics despite only 28% having symptoms consistent with UTI diagnostic criteria. Of patients diagnosed with a UTI who were treated in an emergency room (ER) setting, 95% were given antibiotics compared with only 55% of patients in an outpatient setting. Even without any urinary symptoms, 95% of patients in the ER and 27% of patients in outpatient settings were treated with antibiotics. Patients who presented to the ER for non‐localizing symptoms, such as mental status changes (MSC), were more likely to be diagnosed with UTI compared with those in an outpatient setting.

Conclusion

The results of this study demonstrate that patients were frequently diagnosed with and treated for a UTI despite not meeting diagnostic criteria. This pattern of overdiagnosis leads to overtreatment, particularly in acute care settings, contributing to worsening antibiotic resistance in conjunction with incomplete evaluation of patients' primary complaints.
Determinants of vertebrate species identification skills: A cross‐age study
Authors: Horniaková Michaela , Píšová Markéta
Published: December 2024

Vertebrate species knowledge is one of the predictors of pupils’ understanding of biodiversity. This study will describe vertebrate species identification skills of pupils from the Czech Republic. Altogether, the research tool included 30 vertebrate species, out of which five were fish, three were amphibians, three were reptiles, nine were birds, and 10 were mammals. The research tool consisted of 22 pictures, three footprints, two silhouettes, and three sounds. In addition, we evaluated the influence of variable factors on vertebrate species knowledge, which the research tool also contained. The paper will describe the percentage success rate of vertebrate species knowledge of 1537 respondents. On average pupils could identify nearly 15 species. The results showed that differences in species knowledge were statistically significant mostly by pupils’ expectations (self‐efficacy) or their results and educational level. In general, younger students identified animals worse than students of higher levels of education. Moreover, significant differences were confirmed between the five classes of vertebrates. Mammals were the best‐identified class, followed by amphibians and fish; reptiles and birds were the least correctly identified. While educational level played a significant role in identification skills, the results revealed that the pupils’ hometown did not play a significant role.
Inference of functional differentiation of intestinal microbes between two wild zokor species based on metagenomics
Authors: Zou Yao , Zou Xuan , Lin Chen , Han Chongxuan , Zou Quan
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Currently, there are fewer studies on the intestinal microbes of wild zokors, and it is unclear how zokors adapt to special underground environments by regulating their intestinal microbes. Here, we explored the function of intestinal microbes of Eospalax cansus and Eospalax rothschildi based on metagenomics.

RESULTS

Both zokor species have similar intestinal microbial composition, but E. cansus has a higher proportion of bacteria involved in carbohydrate degradation. Functional analysis based on KEGG and CAZy databases indicated that the intestinal microbes of E. cansus harboured stronger carbohydrate degradation ability, mainly in starch and sucrose metabolism, and further in cellulose degradation. Furthermore, the cellulase activity was significantly higher in E. cansus than that in E. rothschildi. Eospalax cansus has a stronger microbial fermentation ability due to an increase in fibre‐degrading bacteria like unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcus, and Clostridium. In addition, the dominant bacteria isolated from zokor were Bacillus, some of which could degrade both cellulose and hemicellulose.

CONCLUSION

Metagenomic analysis and bacterial isolation experiments indicate that E. cansus has a stronger microbial cellulose‐degrading capacity, possibly as an adaptation to its limited food resources underground. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Recent Advances in the Anti‐Obesity Benefits of Phytoconstituents: From Phytochemistry to Targeting Novel‐Systems
Authors: Xian Jing , Huang Yu , Bai Jinrong , Liao Qian , Chen Qiyan , Cheng Weijian , Su Ziye , Li Siyao , Wu Yihan , Li Jingjing , Zhang Jinming
Published: December 2024

Obesity is a metabolic disorder that has become a global health concern. The existing pharmaceutical drugs for treating obesity have some side effects. Compounds from natural sources are prospective substitutes for treating chronic diseases such as obesity, with the added advantages of being safe and cost‐effective. However, due to factors such as poor solubility, low bioavailability, and instability in the physiological environment, the therapeutic efficacy of phytoconstituents is limited. Nowadays, developing nanoscaled systems has emerged as a vital strategy for enhancing the delivery and therapeutic effect of phytoconstituents. The present study discusses and categorizes phytoconstituents with anti‐obesity effects and concludes the main mechanisms underlying their effects. Importantly, strategies used to develop phytoconstituent‐based nano‐drug delivery systems (NDDS) for obesity treatment that show improved efficacy relative to traditional administration routes are reviewed. Finally, the progress of research on phytoconstituent‐based NDDS for obesity treatment is summarized to provide a reference for the development of safe and effective treatment strategies for obesity.
The Priority Implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals in Underdeveloped Mountain Regions
Authors: Miao Junxia , Song Xiaoyu , Zhong Fanglei , Gao Feng , Huang Chunlin , Zhao Xueyan
Published: December 2024

At the midpoint of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development implementation, over half of the targets remain unmet due to insufficient government funding and tradeoffs among the sustainable development goals (SDGs) globally. The shortage of government funding and tradeoff between goals is a major bottleneck affecting SDGs realization. Underdeveloped mountain areas face multiple challenges such as weak infrastructure, shortage of human capital, and slow economic development, which may hinder achieving the goal of “No one left behind.” In underdeveloped mountain regions with limited financial input for sustainable development, prioritizing the SDGs through research can optimize government funding efficiency, promoting synergies between goals and reducing tradeoffs, and accelerate progress toward local SDGs. Lincang city is a typical underdeveloped mountainous region; thus, the cost‐benefit maximization criterion, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and progress evaluation are adopted to propose priorities for advancing the SDGs in three stages: 2010–2015, 2016–2020, and 2010–2020. The findings reveal that the environmental and social dimension goals in underdeveloped regions have made positive progress, while the economic dimension goals are relatively lagging behind. Economic goals take precedence over environmental and social goals in underdeveloped regions. The specific order of priority is as follows: SDGs 9, 7, 11, 15, 4, 17, 12, 13, 16, 1, 6, 3, 8, 2, 10, and 5. Through developing green economies such as organic agriculture, clean energy, and eco‐tourism, the ecological environment advantage is transformed into an economic development driving force, and enhancing institutional support and implementation is crucial for promoting sustainable development in underdeveloped mountainous areas.
Novel Synthesis, and Application of Carboxymethylated Cassia fistula‐Based Hydrogel for Extended‐Release of Dinotefuran
Authors: Prashar Vaishali , Nandal Manu , Gupta Rajinder K. , Tyagi Yogesh Kumar
Published: December 2024

The agricultural industry prioritizes minimizing crop yield losses caused by pests, making it essential to develop effective, safe and sustainable pesticide formulations. Hydrogels are promising carriers for pesticide delivery, due to their high surface area, large pore volume, and pore size. In this study, we synthesized Cassia fistula (CA‐g‐AA) and its derivative carboxymethylated Cassia fistula‐grafted polysodium acrylate hydrogel (CMCA‐g‐AA) using free radical polymerization, with N, N'‐methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker, for the ex‐situ encapsulation of dinotefuran. Characterization was performed using FTIR, 13C CPMAS‐NMR, SEM, TGA, rheology, and XRD. The maximum swelling capacity of hydrogels was investigated in distilled water. CA‐g‐AA and CMCA‐g‐AA hydrogels exhibited a dinotefuran loading percentage of 37 and 39% and released dinotefuran for 26 and 29 h, respectively. The dinotefuran release kinetics was analyzed by using the Korsmeyer‐Peppas and Higuchi models. Under drought like conditions, CMCA‐g‐AA‐treated soil sustained plant growth for 7 days, compared to CA‐g‐AA (5 days) and untreated soil (3 days). The novel hydrogel CMCA‐g‐AA enhanced soil water absorption and retention along with highlighting its potential for extended pesticide release. Thus, the developed CMCA‐g‐AA hydrogel is an efficient strategy for sustainable agriculture.
Activation of Peroxymonosulfate by a Mn0.7Co0.5O2@C Catalyst for the Degradation of Tetracycline
Authors: Huang Guihua , Zhou Yi , Zhang Jin , He Wanhong , Zeng Xiongcan , Feng Dujie , Ge Yunyun , Shao Yiming
Published: December 2024

Persulfate advanced oxidation technologyshows great potential in the removal of organic pollutants. Inthis study, a Mn0.7Co0.5O2@C catalyst wassynthesized from MnCO3‐ZIF‐67 precursor via calcination and employedto activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the degradation of tetracycline (TC).The catalyst, characterized by a plethora of active sites and superior electrontransfer capabilities, mitigated the sluggish reaction kinetics associated withweak electron transfer. Degradation experiments demonstrated an 87.54% removalefficiency within 60 minutes using 10 mg of catalyst, outperforming PMS aloneby 2.3‐fold. The Mn0.7Co0.5O2@C/PMS system'ssynergistic effects and mechanisms were elucidated, with experiments confirmingthe generation of reactive species including singlet oxygen (1O2), sulfate radicals (SO4•−), and hydroxyl radicals (•OH).The catalyst's exceptional performance is attributed to the valence cycling ofMn and Co ions, facilitating PMS activation and the production of radicals. Additionally, the lattice oxygen within the catalyst is oxidized to form reactive oxygenspecies, which, in conjunction with oxygen vacancies, react with PMS to producenon‐radical species (1O2). The synergistic oxidationeffects of these free radicals and non‐radicals ultimately facilitate theremoval of TC, offering a novel approach for the treatment of organicwastewater with persulfate‐based advanced oxidation processes.
Vinylene‐Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks for Visible‐Light‐Promoted Selective Oxidation of Styrene in Water
Authors: Wang Jun , Qiao Shujie , Yang Mingshuan , Guo Zhiyong
Published: December 2024

Vinylene‐linked COFs, as an emerging class of crystalline porous polymers, have been regarded as ideal heterogenous photocatalysts due to their ordered structure, tailored pore size, outstanding stability and fully π‐conjugated structure. Unfortunately, their photocatalytic performances are usually impeded by high exciton binding energy and unsatisfactory exciton dissociation efficiency. Herein, the authors broke through this dilemma by arrangement of complementary donor–acceptor (D–A) pairs within the COF skeleton to improve charge transfer/separation. Two vinylene‐linked COFs (TMT‐BT‐COF and TMT‐TT‐COF) are synthesized by Aldol condensation using highly photoactive thienothiophene and benzothiazole groups as donor and electron‐deficient triazine units as acceptor. Photochemical/electrochemical studies as well as DFT calculation suggest that these D–A type vinylene‐linked COFs endow high charge transfer efficiency and low charge recombination. As a result, both of them demonstrate remarkably catalytic activity in the oxidation of styrene to benzaldehyde with molecular oxygen, with an exceptionally high conversion rate (≥92%) and selectivity (≥90%). Intriguingly, in the presence of NaHCO3, the above COFs could photocatalyze epoxidation styrene in water, and the styrene oxide selectivity reached 53%. This work elucidates the prominent capability of vinylene‐linked COFs in the photocatalytic transformation of organic compounds in aqueous media, which may pave a new avenue for their future development.
Flashlight‐induced Ultrafast, Scalable Surface Activation of Highly Loaded Graphite Composite Anode
Authors: Choi Su Hyun , Jang Sohui , Kim Hyuntae , Seok Jae Young , Yang Wooseok , Kim Seok , Cho Young Tae , Kwon Sin , Woo Kyoohee
Published: December 2024

Herein, a straightforward route for fabricating highly loaded graphite composite anodes with enhanced electrochemical performance via ultrafast, scalable flashlight irradiation is presented. When a flashlight irradiates the surface of a thick graphite anode, instantaneous and non‐equilibrium photo‐thermochemical interactions occur between the flashlight and the constituent materials of the anode. As a result, a porous structure (through which the electrolyte easily penetrates), a large reaction site, improved conductivity, as well as phase transformation of active graphite material can be developed on the anode surface, which can facilitate ion and electron transport at the interface with the electrolyte. By fabricating a half‐cell using this flash‐activated, highly loaded graphite anode, it is found that the electrochemical performance, such as increases in the charge density, rate capability, and stability can be improved. Finally, the roll‐to‐roll (R2R) compatibility of the high‐performance thick‐film electrode fabrication process consisting of coating‐drying‐flashlight surface activation (FLSA) is successfully demonstrated using a self‐built R2R system integrated with a flashlight irradiation module.
Self‐Powered Hydrogen Production via Laser‐Coordinated NiCoPt Alloy Catalysts in an Integrated Zn‐Hydrazine Battery with Hydrazine Splitting
Authors: Sundar Rajan Akash Prabhu , Senthil Raja Arumugam , Moon Cheol Joo , Kumar Anuj , Min Ahreum , Ubaidullah Mohd , Choi Myong Yong
Published: December 2024

This study proposes a novel approach for the rapid transformation of bimetallic NiCo‐oxides into trimetallic NiCoPt alloys using a pulsed laser technique in an ethanol medium in the presence of Pt salts. The electrochemical results demonstrate the exceptional dual‐functional activity of the optimized NiCoPt‐10 alloy, effectively catalyzing both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR). Specifically, the NiCoPt‐10 alloy presents a low overpotential of 90 mV at 10 mA·cm−2 for HER and a small working potential of 0.068 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) at 10 mA·cm−2 for HzOR. In situ Raman spectroscopy and theoretical calculations delivered insights into the dual‐functional activity of the NiCoPt alloy. Consequently, the overall hydrazine splitting (OHzS) electrolyzer, employing a NiCoPt‐10||NiCoPt‐10 configuration, required only 0.295 V to deliver 10 mA·cm−2. Notably, using this dual‐functional NiCoPt‐10 catalyst as the cathode combined with Zn foil as the anode in a Zn–hydrazine (Zn‐Hz) battery, achieved efficient hydrogen (H2) production with an energy efficiency of 97%. Furthermore, self‐powered H2 production is realized by integrating the Zn‐Hz battery with the OHzS electrolyzer, demonstrating its excellent potential for practical applications. Thus, this rapid synthetic strategy can aid in designing effective electrocatalysts for addressing challenges in H2 energy production.
Phosphorus Partition in an Industrial Basic Oxygen Furnace Process in Ukraine
Authors: Volkova Olena , Tinkova Nataliia , Onaa Rapuruchukwu Ifeyinwa , Neubert Lukas , Niziaiev Kostiantyn , Zotov Dmytro
Published: December 2024

Phosphorus partition data from Ukrainian integrated steel plants are analyzed, focusing on the influence of parameters such as the basicity (CaO/SiO2), optical basicity, tapping temperature, and the contents of (FeO), (MgO), and (Al2O3) in the slag. It is found that the phosphorus partition decreases with increase in tapping temperature and increases with the optical basicity. An increase in the phosphorus partition (P)/[P] followed by a decrease with increase of (CaO/SiO2) are observed. It is found that the optimal value, break point at which phosphorus partition changes its dependence to opposite, has a direct dependence on tapping temperature. At (CaO/SiO2) = 1.9–2.1, (P)/[P] increases linearly with increasing (FeO). However with higher value of (CaO/SiO2) the breaking point when (P)/[P] starts to decrease with increase in (FeO) is noticed. Thereby the optimal value of (FeO) decreases with increasing tapping temperature. In case of (Al2O3) there is only decreasing of (P)/[P] with all (CaO/SiO2) and tapping temperatures. Moreover, the effect of (MgO) varies with (CaO/SiO2). These industrial results are supported by thermodynamic simulations using FactSage 8.1 and aligned with existing results from the literature.
Experimental study on the shear reinforcement contribution to punching shear resistance in flat slabs
Authors: Procópio Hermes B. , Marques Marília G. , Liberati Elyson A. P. , Trautwein Leandro M.
Published: December 2024

With the growth of the adoption of flat slabs as a structural system in the usual reinforced concrete projects and the need for openings in slabs for the passage of electrical and hydraulic installations, it is necessary to thoroughly study the influence of such openings on the punching strength of slabs. In this paper, the influence of openings in punching shear resistance was investigated by testing five interior slab‐column connections 2400 mm square and 160 mm thick, with rectangular columns and with and without shear reinforcement. The openings were adjacent to the sides of rectangular supports and had a diameter of 100 mm. The results of cracking and ultimate loads, vertical displacements, and flexural reinforcement strains were analyzed, and the test results were compared with responses predicted from the normative instructions. All slabs with shear reinforcement, with or without openings, failed by crossing the shear reinforcement (Internal Punching Shear). The use of shear reinforcement in slabs with openings showed that the ultimate punching load increased by 25% when compared to the slab without openings and shear reinforcement.
Reactive‐Mechanical Processing for Recycling of Multilayer Films Waste Based on Polyolefins From Packaging
Authors: Silva Emerson Ferreira da , Junior Antonio José de Andrade , Saron Clodoaldo
Published: December 2024

Multilayer films based on polyethylene are extensively used for packaging to confer desirable properties that cannot be achieved by a single film. Since packaging is discarded as soon as the inside products are consumed, gigantic amounts of waste are generated globally every year, around 40 million tons for polyethylene alone. The mixture of different polymer components in the waste leads to the formation of incompatible polymer blends with depreciated properties when the material is mechanically recycled. Thus, the conventional recycling of multilayer films from packaging waste is a challenge. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the reactive‐mechanical recycling of multilayer films using controlled shear rate and zeolite ZSM‐5 as catalyst to induce structural changes and material compatibility. Waste from multilayer films and virgin polymers (reference) was processed at nitrogen flow in an internal mixer for different times after polymer plasticization. Then, the materials were characterized by thermal, rheological, mechanical, and dynamical‐mechanical analyses. There was an improvement in performance of mechanical properties for determined processing conditions, which should be related to structural changes induced on the polymers by controlled shear rate and presence of zeolites ZSM‐5. Reactive‐mechanical processing showed great potential as a viable alternative for mechanical recycling of multilayer film waste from packaging.
Effect of stage‐wise deficit irrigation on crop water productivity of different varieties of teff (Eragrostis tef)
Authors: Asres Ligalem Agegn , Derebe Melkamu Ateka
Published: December 2024

The increasing demand for water for various purposes is causing the availability of water for irrigation to decrease daily. Consequently, it is necessary to implement deficit irrigation. Research on the different teff crop varieties and the level of deficit irrigation with crop growth stages at semi‐arid agroecological zones remains inadequate. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of stage‐wise deficit irrigation and crop variety on crop water productivity for the teff crop. Two varieties of teff and three irrigation levels were selected and applied for each growth stage. Crop water productivity was determined by using crop water consumed with their yield production and analyzed using Statistix 10.0 software. The results showed that crop varieties had a significant effect on crop water productivity. The maximum crop water use efficiency (0.92 kg m−3) and field water use efficiency (1.387 kg m−3) were obtained for a 30% deficit at the ripening growth stage for the Tseday teff variety. Contrarily, the minimum CWUE and FWUE of 0.617 kg m−3 and 0.959 kg m−3 were obtained to 30% deficit irrigation at the yield formation growth stage of the Quncho teff variety. Therefore, deficit irrigation during the yield formation growth stage was not recommended, but it was possible to apply deficit irrigation during the ripening growth stage to improve crop water productivity in areas of water scarcity.
Commentary on Part II - Definition
Authors: Srinath Ingrid
Published: December 2024

The need for clarity, precision, and shared understanding of what we mean by the term civil society is self-evident. Without clear, commonly held, well-defined boundaries, comparisons over time and geography, and even meaningful discussion on the scale, role, impact, or evolution of the sector would be impossible as each of the chapters in this section points out.
Resilience in Practice: The Identity-Based Resilience of the Diplomatic Quarter in Riyadh
Authors: Petrucci Anna Laura
Published: December 2024

The concept of resilience is often defined in a variety of ways, depending on the specific context or field of study. For instance, in a review of resilience definitions, particularly in the context of disaster recovery, Plodinec (2009) identifies over 40 distinct definitions. Viewing cities as complex adaptive systems, and breaking them down into components and analytical elements, can facilitate the process of enhancing resilience through urban system design, planning, and management. Both physical and social processes can be seen as spatial and temporal interactions across networks, and it is the movement into, out of, and within cities that is of utmost importance for promoting beneficial operations and suppressing harmful ones. Understanding the vulnerable network components of cities, how these components enable specific interactions, and the ability to design various elements and their interactions to achieve resilience, is a complex and nuanced task.

Most of the current literature is, as a matter of fact, about post-disaster recovery, while the main goal of resilience, to be sustainable, is to plan in advance, limit or prevent disasters, not measure the time of bouncing back from it. This belief made it worth searching and analyzing case studies, making a positive impact despite the difficult conditions and making these learned lessons for future cities. Like sustainability, Resilience is an abstract and extensive concept, making it difficult to determine a specific implementation plan if it is not fully site-specific. Building a capacity for Resilience is a complex and multifaceted task, considering the myriad components, processes, and interactions within and beyond a city’s boundaries. And what if the conditions of the contest are unprecedented and the most challenging due to climate, time, and management constraints? Only time can tell. That’s why, after 45 years of completion, the resilience potential embedded in the planning process of the Diplomatic Quarter in Riyadh can offer assessing elements of Resilience and the potential of its applied solutions on their positive impact in the long term.
Water-Resilient Cities: GCC Strategies and Policy Recommendations
Authors: Al-Zu’bi Amr , Elborolosy Yara , Hejazi Mohamad , Wada Yoshihide
Published: December 2024

This chapter addresses the critical issue of water scarcity in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) cities, focusing on the diverse strategies and challenges encountered by Riyadh, Dubai, Doha, Muscat, and Kuwait. It examines advancements in various sectors, including technological innovations in desalination and irrigation, and initiatives aimed at reducing water consumption within the water cycle to mitigate the impacts of arid climates and rapid urban growth. This chapter also highlights efforts toward sustainability through the reuse of treated wastewater. Emphasizing the necessity of an integrated approach, it advocates for combining policy interventions, technological advancements, and community engagement. Concluding with strategic policy recommendations, this chapter aims to enhance water security, foster sustainable development, and strengthen the long-term resiliency of the GCC cities.
Digital Resilience in Smart Cities: A Dynamic Capability Approach
Authors: Ramdani Boumediene
Published: December 2024

Cities worldwide are not immune from a vast array of threats from natural hazards to man-made and health-related disasters. Smart cities have become more vulnerable to new forms of risks due to digital vulnerabilities. In order to make smart cities more secure, smart cities need to embed digital resilience as one of the cornerstones of overall urban resilience. This chapter will explore concepts such as resilience, smart cities’ architecture, and threats facing smart cities. Using the dynamic capabilities approach, this chapter will explore how smart cities can be more digitally resilient by building specific dynamic capabilities. Three dynamic capabilities were found to make cities digitally resilient, namely, anticipating, withstanding, and adjusting. Strategies to help smart cities build these dynamic capabilities will be explored with relevant actions to be undertaken.