bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystal structures and insights into precursor tRNA 5’-end processing by prokaryotic minimal protein-only RNase P
Authors: Li Yangyang , Su Shichen , Gao Yanqing , Lu Guoliang , Liu Hehua , Chen Xi , Shao Zhiwei , Zhang Yixi , Shao Qiyuan , Zhao Xin , Yang Jie , Cao Chulei , Lin Jinzhong , Ma Jinbiao , Gan Jianhua
Published: April 2022

Besides the canonical RNA-based RNase P, pre-tRNA 5’-end processing can also be catalyzed by protein-only RNase P (PRORP). To date, various PRORPs have been discovered, but the basis underlying substrate binding and cleavage by HARPs (homolog of Aquifex RNase P) remains elusive. Here, we report structural and biochemical studies of HARPs. Comparison of the apo- and pre-tRNA-complexed structures showed that HARP is able to undergo large conformational changes that facilitate pre-tRNA binding and catalytic site formation.Planctomycetes bacteriumHARP exists as dimer in vitro, but gel filtration and electron microscopy analysis confirmed that HARPs fromThermococcus celer,Thermocrinis minervaeandThermocrinis rubercan assemble into larger oligomers. Structural analysis, mutagenesis and in vitro biochemical studies all supported one cooperative pre-tRNA processing mode, in which one HARP dimer binds pre-tRNA at the elbow region whereas 5’-end removal is catalyzed by the partner dimer. Our studies significantly advance our understanding on pre-tRNA processing by PRORPs.
A high-resolution 4D terrestrial laser scan dataset of the Kijkduin beach-dune system, The Netherlands
Authors: Vos Sander , Anders Katharina , Kuschnerus Mieke , Lindenbergh Roderik , Höfle Bernhard , Aarninkhof Stefan , de Vries Sierd
Published: April 2022

Sandy coasts form the interface between land and sea and their morphologies are highly dynamic. A combination of human and natural forcing results in morphologic changes affecting both nature values and coastal safety. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is a technique enabling near-continuous monitoring of the changing morphology of a sandy beach-dune system with centimetre-order accuracy. In Kijkduin, The Netherlands, a laser scanner sampled one kilometre of coast at hourly intervals for about six months. This resulted in over 4,000 consecutive topographic scans of around one million points each, at decimetre-order point spacing. Analysis of the resulting dataset will offer new insights into the morphological behaviour of the beach-dune system at hourly to monthly time scales, ultimately increasing our fundamental scientific understanding of these complex geographic systems. It further provides the basis for developing novel algorithms to extract morphodynamic and geodetic information from this unique 4D spatiotemporal dataset. Finally, experiences from this TLS setup support the development of improved near-continuous 3D observation of both natural and anthropogenic scenes in general.
MiR-26a-5p as a useful therapeutic target for upper tract urothelial carcinoma by regulating WNT5A/β-catenin signaling
Authors: Chung Yueh-Hua , Cheng Yuan-Tso , Kao Ying-Hsien , Tsai Wan-Chi , Huang Gong-Kai , Chen Yen-Ta , Shen Yuan-Chi , Tai Ming-Hong , Chiang Po-Hui
Published: April 2022

The role of miRNAs in cancer and their possible function as therapeutic agents are interesting and needed further investigation. The miR-26a-5p had been demonstrated as a tumor suppressor in various cancers. However, the importance of miR-26a-5p regulation in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) remains unclear. Here, we aimed to explore the miR-26a-5p expression in UTUC tissues and to identify its regulatory targets and signal network involved in UTUC tumorigenesis. The miR-26a-5p expression was validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using renal pelvis tissue samples from 22 patients who were diagnosed with UTUC and 64 cases of renal pelvis tissue microarray using in situ hybridization staining. BFTC-909 UTUC cells were used to examine the effects of miR-26a-5p genetic delivery on proliferation, migration and expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. MiR-26a-5p was significantly down-regulated in UTUC tumors compared to adjacent normal tissue and was decreased with histological grades. Moreover, restoration of miR-26a-5p showed inhibition effects on proliferation and migration of BFTC-909 cells. In addition, miR-26a-5p delivery regulated the EMT marker expression and inhibited WNT5A/β-catenin signaling and expression of downstream molecules including NF-κB and MMP-9 in BFTC-909 cells. This study demonstrated that miR-26a-5p restoration may reverse EMT process and regulate WNT5A/β-catenin signaling in UTUC cells. Further studies warranted to explore the potential roles in biomarkers for diagnostics and prognosis, as well as novel therapeutics targets for UTUC treatment.
Reservoir computing with dielectric relaxation at an electrode–ionic liquid interface
Authors: Koh Sang-Gyu , Shima Hisashi , Naitoh Yasuhisa , Akinaga Hiroyuki , Kinoshita Kentaro
Published: April 2022

A physical reservoir device with tunable transient dynamics is strongly required to process time-series data with various timescales generated in the edge region. In this study, we proposed using the dielectric relaxation at an electrode–ionic liquid (IL) interface as the physical reservoir by making the most of designable physicochemical properties of ILs. The transient dynamics of a Au/IL/Au reservoir device were characterized as a function of the alkyl chain length of cations in the IL (1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide). By considering a weighted sum of exponentials expressing a superposition of Debye-type relaxations, the transient dynamics were well reconstructed. Although such complex dynamics governed by multiple relaxation processes were observed, each extracted relaxation time scales with a power law as a function of IL’s viscosity determined by the alkyl chain length of cations. This indicates that the relaxation processes are characterized by bulk properties of the ILs that obey the widely received Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann law. We demonstrated that the 4-bit time-series signals were transformed into the 16 classifiable data, and the data transformation, which enables to achieve higher accuracy in an image classification task, can be easily optimized according to the features of the input signals by controlling the IL’s viscosity.
The role of neurotrophin genes involved in the vulnerability to gambling disorder
Authors: Solé-Morata Neus , Baenas Isabel , Etxandi Mikel , Granero Roser , Forcales Sonia V. , Gené Manel , Barrot Carme , Gómez-Peña Mónica , Menchón José M. , Ramoz Nicolás , Gorwood Philip , Fernández-Aranda Fernando , Jiménez-Murcia Susana
Published: April 2022

Evidence about the involvement of genetic factors in the development of gambling disorder (GD) has been assessed. Among studies assessing heritability and biological vulnerability for GD, neurotrophin (NTF) genes have emerged as promising targets, since a growing literature showed a possible link between NTF and addiction-related disorders. Thus, we aimed to explore the role of NTF genes and GD with the hypothesis that some NTF gene polymorphisms could constitute biological risk factors. The sample included 166 patients with GD and 191 healthy controls. 36 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from NTFs (NGF, NGFR, NTRK1, BDNF, NTRK2, NTF3, NTRK3, NTF4, CNTF and CNTFR) were selected and genotyped. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype constructions were analyzed, in relationship with the presence of GD. Finally, regulatory elements overlapping the identified SNPs variants associated with GD were searched. The between groups comparisons of allele frequencies indicated that 6 SNPs were potentially associated with GD. Single and multiple-marker analyses showed a strong association between both NTF3 and NTRK2 genes, and GD. The present study supports the involvement of the NTF family in the aetiopathogenesis of GD. An altered cross-regulation of different NTF members signalling pathways might be considered as a biological vulnerability factor for GD.
A randomised study to assess the nicotine pharmacokinetics of an oral nicotine pouch and two nicotine replacement therapy products
Authors: Azzopardi David , Ebajemito James , McEwan Michael , Camacho Oscar M. , Thissen Jesse , Hardie George , Voisine Richard , Mullard Gavin , Cohen Zvi , Murphy James
Published: April 2022

Nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs) are intended for short-term use to help cigarette smokers to quit. Some smokers find NRTs ineffective or seek a more satisfactory source of nicotine. Tobacco-free oral nicotine pouch (NP) products have emerged as a potential reduced risk product compared with cigarettes and other tobacco products. In a randomised crossover clinical study, thirty-four healthy adult smokers were enrolled and their nicotine Cmax and AUC0-T determined for three 4 mg nicotine products (NP, gum, lozenge) under fasting conditions. The NP, lozenge and gum mean Cmax values were 8.5, 8.3 and 4.4 ng/mL, AUC0-T values were 30.6, 31.5 and 14.3 ng*h/mL, respectively. The NP showed similar nicotine bioavailability to the lozenge (p = 0.6526 (Cmax), p = 1.0000 (AUC0-T)), and superior bioavailability to the gum (p  < 0.0001 for Cmax and AUC0-T). Compared with the lozenge, the NP demonstrated greater product satisfaction with a higher number of positive responses to subjective satisfaction questions. All products were judged to be well-tolerated; the incidence of minor adverse events was lower for the NP (18.2%) than the lozenge (33.3%) or gum (18.8%). In summary, NPs may provide smokers with a more satisfying alternative nicotine source as compared to the reference NRTs.

Study Registry/Registered Trial No: ISRCTN/ISRCTN65708311.
Controlling synchronization of gamma oscillations by astrocytic modulation in a model hippocampal neural network
Authors: Makovkin Sergey , Kozinov Evgeny , Ivanchenko Mikhail , Gordleeva Susanna
Published: April 2022

Recent in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that astrocytes participate in the maintenance of cortical gamma oscillations and recognition memory. However, the mathematical understanding of the underlying dynamical mechanisms remains largely incomplete. Here we investigate how the interplay of slow modulatory astrocytic signaling with fast synaptic transmission controls coherent oscillations in the network of hippocampal interneurons that receive inputs from pyramidal cells. We show that the astrocytic regulation of signal transmission between neurons improves the firing synchrony and extends the region of coherent oscillations in the biologically relevant values of synaptic conductance. Astrocyte-mediated potentiation of inhibitory synaptic transmission markedly enhances the coherence of network oscillations over a broad range of model parameters. Astrocytic regulation of excitatory synaptic input improves the robustness of interneuron network gamma oscillations induced by physiologically relevant excitatory model drive. These findings suggest a mechanism, by which the astrocytes become involved in cognitive function and information processing through modulating fast neural network dynamics.
Time-dependent power laws in the oxidation and corrosion of metals and alloys
Authors: Itoh Makoto
Published: April 2022

Using the equations which describe the oxide thickness as a function of the oxidation time and temperature in the thermal oxidation of Si, various experimental results on the oxidation and corrosion of metals and alloys available in the literature are analyzed. By the analyses, it is found that the weight loss of copper by atmospheric corrosion and the weight gains of austenitic stainless steel and Ni–Cr alloy by high temperature oxidation follow a time-dependent power law in which both diffusion and reaction are involved. It is also found that the pitting corrosion of aluminum alloys by the immersion with seawater and the high-temperature oxidation of Al(431) follow a time-dependent power law of a reaction-limited kind. In addition, an estimation is given of the activation energy for the pitting corrosion of mild steel by the immersion with seawater.
Spatiotemporal variation of climate of different flanks and elevations of the Qinling–Daba mountains in China during 1969–2018
Authors: Lan Xincan , Li Wuyang , Tang Jiale , Shakoor Abdul , Zhao Fang , Fan Jiabin
Published: April 2022

Climate change exhibits great variation on different flanks and at different elevations in the same mountain range. To investigate the complexity of the geographic patterns of climate and phenology in the Qinling–Daba mountains (QDM), in the North–South transition zone of China, this study analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of daily air temperature and precipitation data measured at 118 national weather stations (1969–2018). The principal findings were as follows. (1) Overall, a significant trend of warming was detected in all seasons over the past 50 years, with rates of increase of 0.347, 0.125, 0.200 and 0.302 °C/10a, in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. Precipitation did not show significant variation at most stations in different seasons. (2) The rising rate of air temperature varied considerably between different flanks. Generally, air temperature change on northern flanks was greater than on southern flanks in all seasons. The tendency of air temperature change was greater in spring and winter than in summer and autumn on different flanks in the QDM. (3) The rate of increase in high-elevation regions was greater than in low-elevation regions in summer, autumn and winter, e.g., 0.440, 0.390 and 0.456 °C/10a at 3000–4000 m and 0.205, 0.218 and 0.303 °C/10a at 0–1000 m, respectively. However, in spring, the rate of increase in low-elevation regions were higher than in high-elevation regions, e.g., 0.369 °C/10a at 0–1000 m and 0.317 °C/10a at 3000–4000 m.
Characteristics of plasma sheath in multi-component plasmas with three-ion species
Authors: Hatami M. M. , Kourakis I.
Published: April 2022

The plasma sheath of a three ion species plasma is studied numerically, relying on the results of the experiment by Yip et al. (Phys. Plasmas 23:050703 (2016) to measure the positive ion velocities at the sheath edge. The positive ion species ($$Ar^+$$

A

r
+

, $$Kr^+,$$

K

r
+

,

and $$Xe^+$$

X

e
+

) are assumed to be singly charged and to be characterized by the same temperature. It is shown that the sheath characteristics, viz. the particle number densities, the electrostatic potential and the space charge density profile in the sheath all depend on the $$Kr^+$$

K

r
+

concentration that is gradually added to the argon-xenon plasma as the third positive ion species. Also, the effect of ion-neutral collisions on the sheath properties is investigated numerically. Our results may be extended to a multi-ion plasma with more than two species of positive ions.
A nationwide cohort study on the risk of ADHD in children with amblyopia mediated by fine motor skill impairment in East Asia
Authors: Kim Myungjin , Lee Seungwon , Lee Jung Eun , Kim Ju Hee , Ha Eun Kyo , Han Manyong , Lew Helen
Published: April 2022

This national administrative investigation of Republic of Korea compared the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders(ASD) in preschool amblyopic children and identified factors that possibly mediate this association. After propensity score (PS) matching, 7762 amblyopic children and 31,030 non-amblyopic children were included. Amblyopia was associated with ADHD (aOR:1.687; 95% CI 1.444, 1.970) but not with ASD (aOR: 0.591; 95% CI 0.341, 1.026). Fine motor skill impairment was a mediating factor in association of amblyopia with ADHD, accounting for 4.2% (95% CI 1.7, 8.0). In conclusion, amblyopic children have a greater risk of ADHD, and deficits in fine motor skills mediate this association. We suggest increased attention given to fine motor skill underdevelopment in amblyopic children to prevent the development of ADHD.
A prospective randomized controlled trial assessing the effect of music on patients’ anxiety in venous catheter placement procedures
Authors: Fleckenstein Florian Nima , Böhm Agnes Klara , Collettini Federico , Frisch Anne , Lüdemann Willie Magnus , Can Elif , Gebauer Bernhard , Jonczyk Martin
Published: April 2022

The aim of the study was to assess the influence of music on anxiety levels compared to standard patient care in patients undergoing venous catheter placement procedures. This prospective randomized controlled trial included patients undergoing placement procedures for peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICC), ports and central venous catheters (CVC). Patients were randomly assigned to a music intervention group (MIG) and a control group (CTRL). State and trait anxiety levels were assessed as primary outcome using the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) before and after the procedures. Secondary outcomes comprised averaged heart rate for all participants and time of radiological surveillance for port placement procedures exclusively. 72 participants were included into the final analysis (MIG n = 40; CTRL n = 32). All procedures were successful and no major complications were reported. Mean levels for post-interventional anxieties were significantly lower in the MIG compared to the CTRL (34.9 ± 8.9 vs. 44 ± 12.1; p < 0.001). Mean heart rate in the MIG was significantly lower than in the CTRL (76.1 ± 13.7 vs. 93 ± 8.9; p < 0.001). Procedure time for port implantation was significantly longer in the MIG by 3 min 45 s (p = 0.031). Music exposure during central venous catheter placement procedures highly significantly reduces anxiety and stress levels and can be used to improve patients’ overall experience in the angio suite.
Differences in total stored C and N in dryland red soil caused by different long-term fertilization practices
Authors: Xi Weifeng , Liu Kailou , Yu Xichu , Xu Xinpeng , Zhao Shicheng , Qiu Shaojun , He Ping , Zhou Wei
Published: April 2022

Fertilizer application is important to achieve sustainable agriculture. However, it remains unclear about the effects of long term fertilization on C and N immobilization as well as C/N ratios in soil aggregates at different depths. Samples taken at depths of 0 to 40 cm from dryland red soil subjected to long-term fertilization were analyzed. Four treatments were involved in the long term fertilization including no fertilizer (control), chemical fertilizer applied at two different rates, and manure combined with chemical fertilizers (MNPK). The C and N concentrations in the soil aggregates of different sizes were significantly higher (P < 0.05) and the C/N ratios in the particulate organic matter were significantly lower (P < 0.05) for soil to 20 cm deep for the MNPK treatment than for the other treatments. ANOVA indicated that the C and N concentration and C/N ratios in different sizes of aggregates significantly varied with soil depth (P < 0.05). Microaggregates contained most of the C and N, and the C/N ratios for silt–clay particles in macroaggregates were 1.37 unit (ranging − 0.25 to 2.44) lower than for other soil particles with diameters < 53 µm. The C and N contents in aggregates of different sizes increased as the C input rate increased to a depth of 40 cm because of the fertilization practices. Overall, both increased C input and deep application of C sources promoted the storage of C and N in microaggregates, which in turn increased C and N sequestration in dryland red soils.
Pressure increases PD-L1 expression in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells and causes resistance to anti-ROR1 CAR T cell-mediated cytotoxicity
Authors: Ou Zhenglin , Dou Xiaolin , Tang Neng , Liu Guodong
Published: April 2022

Due to the abnormal vasculation and proliferation, the tumor microenvironment is hypoxic, lacking nutrients, and under high interstitial pressure. Compared to oxygen and nutrients, the effect of pressure on cancer biology remains poorly studied. Here we constructed αROR1-CAR T cells and co-cultured with A549 cells with and without elevated pressure. We then measured apoptosis and cell death by flow cytometry and luciferase activity. We also measured cytokine (IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) release by ELISA. The results show that pressure-preconditioned A549 cells are much resistant to αROR1-CAR T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Pressure preconditioning does not appear to affect the expression of αROR1-CAR or cytokine production. However, pressure preconditioning upregulates PD-L1 expression in A549 cells and decreases cytokine release from αROR1-CAR T cells. In addition, Pembrolizumab and Cemiplimab that block PD-1::PD-L1 interaction increase the cytokine production in αROR1-CAR T cells, increase the apoptotic cell death in A549 cells, and improve the αROR1-CAR T-mediated cytotoxicity. In xenograft mice, pressure preconditioning increases tumorigenesis of A549 cells, which can be blocked by a combined therapy using Pembrolizumab and αROR1-CAR T cells. Together, our studies suggest that elevated pressure in the tumor microenvironment could blunt the T cell therapy by upregulating PD-L1 expression, which could be overcome by combining CAR T therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Randomised trial of intravenous thiamine and/or magnesium sulphate administration on erythrocyte transketolase activity, lactate concentrations and alcohol withdrawal scores
Authors: Maguire Donogh , Burns Alana , Talwar Dinesh , Catchpole Anthony , Stefanowicz Fiona , Ross David P. , Galloway Peter , Ireland Alastair , Robson Gordon , Adamson Michael , Orr Lesley , Kerr Joanna-Lee , Roussis Xenofon , Colgan Eoghan , Forrest Ewan , Young David , McMillan Donald C.
Published: April 2022

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) occurs in 2% of patients admitted to U.K. hospitals. Routine treatment includes thiamine and benzodiazepines. Laboratory studies indicate that thiamine requires magnesium for optimal activity, however this has not translated into clinical practice. Patients experiencing AWS were randomized to three groups: (group 1) thiamine, (group 2) thiamine plus MgSO4 or (group 3) MgSO4. Pre- and 2-h post-treatment blood samples were taken. AWS severity was recorded using the Glasgow Modified Alcohol Withdrawal Score (GMAWS). The primary outcome measure was 15% change in erythrocyte transketolase activity (ETKA) in group 3. Secondary outcome measures were change in plasma lactate concentrations and time to GMAWS = 0. 127 patients were recruited, 115 patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Pre-treatment, the majority of patients had normal or high erythrocyte thiamine diphosphate (TDP) concentrations (≥ 275–675/> 675 ng/gHb respectively) (99%), low serum magnesium concentrations (< 0.75 mmol/L) (59%), and high plasma lactate concentrations (> 2 mmol/L) (67%). Basal ETKA did not change significantly in groups 1, 2 or 3. Magnesium deficient patients (< 0.75 mmol/L) demonstrated less correlation between pre-treatment basal ETKA and TDP concentrations than normomagnesemic patients (R2 = 0.053 and R2 = 0.236). Median plasma lactate concentrations normalized (≤ 2.0 mmol/L) across all three groups (p < 0.001 for all groups), but not among magnesium deficient patients in group 1 (n = 22). The median time to achieve GMAWS = 0 for groups 1, 2 and 3 was 10, 5.5 and 6 h respectively (p < 0.001).
No significant difference was found between groups for the primary endpoint of change in ETKA. Co-administration of thiamine and magnesium resulted in more consistent normalization of plasma lactate concentrations and reduced duration to achieve initial resolution of AWS symptoms.

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03466528.
A spiking neural network model of the Superior Colliculus that is robust to changes in the spatial–temporal input
Authors: Alizadeh Arezoo , Van Opstal A. John
Published: April 2022

Previous studies have indicated that the location of a large neural population in the Superior Colliculus (SC) motor map specifies the amplitude and direction of the saccadic eye-movement vector, while the saccade trajectory and velocity profile are encoded by the population firing rates. We recently proposed a simple spiking neural network model of the SC motor map, based on linear summation of individual spike effects of each recruited neuron, which accounts for many of the observed properties of SC cells in relation to the ensuing eye movement. However, in the model, the cortical input was kept invariant across different saccades. Electrical microstimulation and reversible lesion studies have demonstrated that the saccade properties are quite robust against large changes in supra-threshold SC activation, but that saccade amplitude and peak eye-velocity systematically decrease at low input strengths. These features were not accounted for by the linear spike-vector summation model. Here we show that the model’s input projection strengths and intra-collicular lateral connections can be tuned to generate saccades and neural spiking patterns that closely follow the experimental results.
Enhanced refractive index sensitivity of localized surface plasmon resonance inflection points in single hollow gold nanospheres with inner cavity
Authors: Hong Yun A , Ha Ji Won
Published: April 2022

Hollow gold nanoparticles have great potential for localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensing. In this study, we investigated the refractive index (RI) sensitivities of single hollow gold nanosphere (HAuNS) with thin Au shell and inner cavity and single solid gold nanosphere (AuNS) in media with different RIs. The HAuNS exhibited a remarkable improvement in the RI sensitivity than the AuNS of similar size. The increased RI sensitivity of HAuNSs was ascribed to plasmon coupling between the inner and outer surface of the Au nanoshell. We then investigated the homogeneous LSPR scattering inflection points (IFs) to better understand the RI sensitivity of single HAuNS. The LSPR IF at the long wavelength side exhibited a better RI sensitivity compared to the wavelength shift of its counterpart LSPR maximum peak. Furthermore, the single HAuNS showed a remarkable improvement in the RI sensitivity at the LSPR IFs when compared to the AuNS of similar size. Therefore, we provided a new insight into the effect of inner cavity of HAuNS on the RI sensitivity of homogeneous LSPR IFs for use in LSPR-based biosensors.
An affordable, handheld multimodal microscopic system with onboard cell morphology and counting features on a mobile device
Authors: Rabha Diganta , Biswas Sritam , Hatiboruah Diganta , Das Priyanka , Rather Muzamil Ahmad , Mandal Manabendra , Nath Pabitra
Published: April 2022

A simple yet effective, handheld and flexible bright-field and fluorescence microscopic platform on a smartphone with varying optical magnifications is reported for morphological analysis and onboard cell counting features.
Role of stereocomplex in advancing mass transport and thermomechanical properties of polylactide
Authors: Chen Qi , Auras Rafael , Uysal-Unalan Ilke
Published: April 2022

Stereocomplex polylactide with physical crosslinking crystallites, empowering polylactide based materials with advanced performances and opening new opportunities for applications.
C(sp2)–H bond sulfenylation of aminouracils and enaminones from aryl halides
Authors: Nowrouzi N. , Abbasi M. , Shahidzadeh E. Shaikhi , Amaleh F.
Published: April 2022

Direct thioarylation of aminouracils and enaminones from aryl iodides and bromides using potassium cyanodithioformate as an odorless and stable source of sulfur.
Theoretical approach to energy levels applied to modified surfaces
Authors: Pena-Ausar J. E. , Pinto O. A.
Published: April 2022

The main objective of this work is to present a new theoretical basis describe surface deposition on a modified electrode surface.
Electrical conductivity of random metallic nanowire networks: an analytical consideration along with computer simulation
Authors: Tarasevich Yuri Yu. , Vodolazskaya Irina V. , Eserkepov Andrei V.
Published: April 2022

A mean-field approach is used to predict the electrical conductivity in random metallic nanowire networks. Comparison with direct computations demonstrates that analytical predictions of the electrical conductivity is valid across a wide range of number densities of nanowires.
Synthesis, characterization, X-ray and electronic structures of diethyl ether and 1,2-dimethoxyethane adducts of molybdenum(iv) chloride and tungsten(iv) chloride
Authors: Shaw Thomas E. , Diethrich Timothy J. , Stern Charlotte L. , Scott Brian L. , Jurca Titel , Gilbert Thomas M. , Sattelberger Alfred P.
Published: April 2022

Facile routes to MCl4(dme) M = Mo, W. Improved syntheses and characterizations.
Heavier bis(m-terphenyl)element phosphaethynolates of group 13
Authors: Duvinage Daniel , Janssen Marvin , Lork Enno , Grützmacher Hansjörg , Mebs Stefan , Beckmann Jens
Published: April 2022

Kinetically stabilized group 13 phosphaketene complexes (2,6-Mes2C6H3)2EPCO were used to prepare (2,6-Mes2C6H3)2ETeP(O)C(IMe4) comprising five-membered ETePCO-heterocycles (E = Ga, In; IMe4 = 1,2,3,4-tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene).
Rapeseed meal-derived N,S self-codoped porous carbon materials for supercapacitors
Authors: Bai Jiaming , Mao Songbo , Guo Feiqiang , Shu Rui , Liu Sha , Dong Kaiming , Yu Youjin , Qian Lin
Published: April 2022

N,S self-doped porous carbon with high specific surface area and gravimetric specific capacitance from rapeseed meal was successfully synthesized.
Study of light-induced degradation of polymer: fullerene solar cells
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , Chauhan Mihirsinh , Patel Jessica , Pandey Manoj Kumar , Tripathi Brijesh , Tiwari J. P. , Chand Suresh
Published: April 2022

In the present study, the role of active and transport layer materials in the degradation mechanism is studied using different device geometries.
The ins and outs of transporters at plasma membrane and tonoplast in plant specialized metabolism
Authors: Halkier Barbara Ann , Xu Deyang
Published: April 2022

This review focuses on biochemistry of recently identified transporters of plant specialized metabolites at the plasma membrane and tonoplast.
Synthesis of orthogonal push–pull chromophores via click reaction of arylynamines
Authors: Huang Shuangping , Ma Jing , Yi Yikun , Li Mingtao , Cai Ping , Wu Na
Published: April 2022

N-Heterocyclic dicyanoquinodimethane derivatives were obtained via [2 + 2] cycloaddition–retro-electrocyclisation of arylynamines. This methodology adds valuable potential towards the synthesis of orthogonal push–pull light-harvesting molecules.
Rapid detection of donor-dependent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution by NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Fukushima Tomohiro , Ashizawa Daiki , Murakoshi Kei
Published: April 2022

Isotopic molecule processes at photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions observed by NMR clarify the importance of the choice of electron donors for efficient chemical energy conversions at electrified interfaces.
Retraction: Structural characterization of peptides from Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen, 1835) and anti-aging effect in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Fisher Laura
Published: April 2022

Retraction of ‘Structural characterization of peptides from Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen, 1835) and anti-aging effect in Caenorhabditis elegans’ by Hui Cao et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 9289–9300, https://doi.org.10.1039/C9RA00089E.
The sodium hyaluronate microspheres fabricated by solution drying for transcatheter arterial embolization
Authors: Yi Zihan , Sun Zhichao , Shen Yang , Luo Dandan , Zhang Rui , Ma Shitu , Zhao Ruibo , Farheen Jabeen , Iqbal Muhanmmed Zubair , Kong Xiangdong
Published: April 2022

A one-step solution drying technique was first developed to fabricate sodium hyaluronate microspheres cross-linked by 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) for transcatheter arterial embolization.
Knowledge‐enriched joint‐learning model for implicit emotion cause extraction
Authors: Wu Chenghao , Shi Shumin , Hu Jiaxing , Huang Heyan
Published: April 2022

Emotion cause extraction (ECE) task that aims at extracting potential trigger events of certain emotions has attracted extensive attention recently. However, current work neglects the implicit emotion expressed without any explicit emotional keywords, which appears more frequently in application scenarios. The lack of explicit emotion information makes it extremely hard to extract emotion causes only with the local context. Moreover, an entire event is usually across multiple clauses, while existing work merely extracts cause events at clause level and cannot effectively capture complete cause event information. To address these issues, the events are first redefined at the tuple level and a span‐based tuple‐level algorithm is proposed to extract events from different clauses. Based on it, a corpus for implicit emotion cause extraction that tries to extract causes of implicit emotions is constructed. The authors propose a knowledge‐enriched joint‐learning model of implicit emotion recognition and implicit emotion cause extraction tasks (KJ‐IECE), which leverages commonsense knowledge from ConceptNet and NRC_VAD to better capture connections between emotion and corresponding cause events. Experiments on both implicit and explicit emotion cause extraction datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Constraining the radio properties of the z = 6.44 QSO VIK J2318−3113
Authors: Ighina Luca , Leung James K. , Broderick Jess W. , Drouart Guillaume , Seymour Nick , Belladitta Silvia , Caccianiga Alessandro , Lenc Emil , Moretti Alberto , An Tao , Galvin Tim J. , Heald George H. , Huynh Minh T. , McConnell David , Murphy Tara , Pritchard Joshua , Quici Benjamin , Shabala Stas S. , Tingay Steven J. , Turner Ross J. , Wang Yuanming , White Sarah V.
Published: April 2022

The recent detection of the quasi-stellar object (QSO) VIKING J231818.3−311346 (hereafter VIK J2318−3113) at redshift z = 6.44 in the Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey (RACS) uncovered its radio-loud nature, making it one of the most distant known to date in this class. By using data from several radio surveys of the Galaxy And Mass Assembly 23h field and from a dedicated follow-up, we were able to constrain the radio spectrum of VIK J2318−3113 in the observed range ∼0.1–10 GHz. At high frequencies (0.888–5.5 GHz in the observed frame) the QSO presents a steep spectrum (αr = 1.24, with Sν ∝ ν−αr), while at lower frequencies (0.4–0.888 GHz in the observed frame) it is nearly flat. The overall spectrum can be modelled by either a curved function with a rest-frame turnover around 5 GHz, or with a smoothly varying double power law that is flat below a rest-frame break frequency of about 20 GHz and above which it significantly steepens. Based on the model adopted, we estimated that the radio jets of VIK J2318−3113 must be a few hundred years old in the case of a turnover, or less than a few × 104 years in the case of a break in the spectrum. Having multiple observations at two frequencies (888 MHz and 5.5 GHz), we further investigated the radio variability previously reported for this source. We found that the marginally significant flux density variations are consistent with the expectations from refractive interstellar scintillation, even though relativistic effects related to the orientation of the source may still play a non-negligible role. Further radio and X-ray observations are required to conclusively discern the nature of this variation.
Effects of spatial resolution on inferences of atmospheric quantities from simulations
Authors: Moe Thore E. , Pereira Tiago M. D. , Carlsson Mats
Published: April 2022

Context. Small-scale processes are thought to be important for the dynamics of the solar atmosphere. While numerical resolution fundamentally limits their inclusion in magnetohydronamic (MHD) simulations, real observations at the same nominal resolution should still contain imprints of subresolution effects. This means that the synthetic observables from a simulation of a given resolution might not be directly comparable to real observables at the same resolution. It is thus of interest to investigate how inferences based on synthetic spectra from simulations with different numerical resolutions compare, and whether these differences persist after the spectra have been spatially degraded to a common resolution

Aims. We aim to compare synthetic spectra obtained from realistic 3D radiative magnetohydrodynamic (rMHD) simulations run at different numerical resolutions from the same initial atmosphere, using very simple methods for inferring line-of-sight velocities and magnetic fields. Additionally we examine how the differing spatial resolution impacts the results retrieved from the STiC inversion code.

Methods. We used the RH 1.5D code to synthesize the photospheric Fe I 617.33 line in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE), and the chromospheric Ca II 854.209 line in non-LTE from three MHD simulation snapshots of differing spatial resolution. The simulations were produced by the Bifrost code, using horizontal grid spacing of 6 km, 12 km, and 23 km, respectively. They were started from the exact same atmosphere, and the snapshots were taken after the same exact elapsed time. The spectra obtained from the high-resolution snapshots were spatially degraded to match the lowest resolution. Simple methods, such as the center-of-gravity approach and the weak field approximation, were then used to estimate line-of-sight velocities and magnetic fields for the three cases after degradation. Finally, the spectra were input into the STiC inversion code and the retrieved line-of-sight velocities and magnetic field strengths, as well as the temperatures, from the inversions were compared.

Results. We find that while the simple inferences for all three simulations reveal the same large-scale tendencies, the higher resolutions yield more fine-grained structures and more extreme line-of-sight velocities and magnetic fields in concentrated spots even after spatial smearing. We also see indications that the imprints of subresolution effects on the degraded spectra result in systematic errors in the inversions, and that these errors increase with the amount of subresolution effects included. Fortunately, however, we find that successively including more subresolution yields smaller additional effects; that is to say, there is a clear trend of diminishing importance for progressively finer subresolution effects.
Long time dynamics and upper semi-continuity of attractors for piezoelectric beams with nonlinear boundary feedback
Authors: Freitas M.M. , Özer A.Ö. , Ramos A.J.A.
Published: April 2022

A system of boundary-controlled piezoelectric beam equations, accounting for the interactions between mechanical vibrations and the fully-dynamic electromagnetic fields, is considered. Even though electrostatic and quasi-static electromagnetic field approximations of Maxwell’s equations are sufficient for most models of piezoelectric systems, where the magnetic permeability is completely discarded, the PDE model considered here retains the pronounced wave behavior of electromagnetic fields to accurately describe the dynamics for the most piezoelectric acoustic devices. It is also crucial to investigate whether the closed-loop dynamics of the fully-dynamic piezoelectric beam equations, with nonlinear state feedback and nonlinear external sources, is close to the one described by the electrostatic/quasi-static equations, when the magnetic permeability μ is small. Therefore, the asymptotic behavior is analyzed for the fully-dynamic model at first. The existence of global attractors with finite fractal dimension and the existence of exponential attractors are proved. Finally, the upper-semicontinuity of attractors with respect to magnetic permeability to the ones of the electrostatic/quasi-static beam equations is shown.
Specialization and diversification as adaptive strategies for smallholder dairy farming systems providing a formal milk chain in Indonesia
Authors: Sembada Pria , Duteurtre Guillaume , Moulin Charles-Henri
Published: April 2022

Smallholder dairy farms encounter challenges in minimal production factors that result in a lack of family income. They react differently to these limits by combining on-farm and off-farm activities (diversifying activity), concentrating exclusively on milk production (specializing activity), or leaving the dairy production to secure family livelihood. As far as adaptive strategies are concerned, they may affect milk production growth at the farm and national levels. We performed an observational case study in the West Java Province (Indonesia) to resolve those problems. We gathered information in two phases: a systematic survey (May to September 2015) to 355 farms and an in-depth interview (January to April 2017) with 20 farms. Our result distinguishes four categories of farms, along with a very small specialized dairy farm (T1), a combination of the dairy farm off-farm activity with very limited land (T2), a small specialized dairy farm (T3), and a mixed crop-dairy farm (T4). The technical-economic value varies depending on the farm type. The six trajectories prevail. The main change was the addition of off-farm activities for poor farmers. Farms in the development trajectory, two strategies coexist between the dairy production system's specialization and the mixed crops-dairy system. In conclusion, this study underscored each farm trajectory's different attributes and drivers. The study also underlined the importance of the initial capital of smallholders to illustrate their future farm trajectory.
Towards Sustainable Fisheries Through Marine Ecological Carrying Capacity Index
Authors: Susandi A , Wijaya A , Kuntoro W S , Faisal I , Kertabudi F G , Nurdin I
Published: April 2022

Overexploitation and unsustainable fisheries activities will have an impact on environmental quality degradation. In the 4.0 era, technology can assist in monitoring and managing sustainable fisheries resources. Research on sustainable fisheries management activities guided by the marine ecological carrying capacity (MECC) evaluation index has been carried out. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in fishery activity to MECC as an evaluation material for sustainable development in the fisheries sector in the form of a website. This can provide convenience and effectiveness and can be used as a basis by stakeholders in monitoring and making policies in the sustainable development of the fisheries sector. MECC is composed of two components, namely carrying object (OI) and carrier resilience (RI). OI is obtained from changes in the value of changes in human activity (RI) and socio-economic development (SI). Fishery activities are a component of RI in the Nunukan Regency, Indonesia. The HI value decreased during 2015 - 2019 and affected the decline in the MECC index as a whole. This decrease was caused by the increase in fish catches, the number of fishing households, and boat activity in the waters of the Nunukan Regency. Based on the evaluation of the decline in the value of HI, it can be used as an evaluation material in developing integrated and sustainable development in the fisheries sector by mitigating bycatch by regulating fishing gear and methodologies, as well as establishing protected area management and fishing. To make this happen, it is necessary to build partnerships between public authorities, business, civil society, academia, and the financial sector within the framework of the Penta-helix model.
The Effect of Audit Experience and Audit Risk on Audit Judgment with Auditor’s Perceptions of the Code of Ethics of Public Accountants as Moderating Variables
Authors: Merdekawati Eka
Published: April 2022

This research purposes to empirically analyze the effect of audit experience on audit judgment, to determine auditor’s perception of the code of ethics of public accountants as moderating variable that affect audit experience on audit judgment, to assess the effect of audit risk on audit judgment, to determine auditor’s perception of code of ethics of public accountants as moderating variable that effect of audit risk on audit judgment. This research used a sample of 140 external auditors who work in the KAP at DKI Jakarta period 2016-2020. Based on method convenience sampling. Data were obtained through a mail survey and personal survey. The analytical method used in this study is Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The result of this research indicates that; audit experience not effect significantly on the audit judgment, auditor’s perception of the code of ethics for public accountants is not moderating variables that affect of audit experience on audit judgment, audit risk not affect significantly on the audit judgment, auditor’s perception of code of ethics for public accountants is moderating variable that effect of audit risk on audit judgment.
Survival and growth performance the catfish Clarias gariepinus in high density nurseries using recirculating aquaculture system (RAS)
Authors: Eny Indriastuti Cecilia , Ratnawati Beata , Wulandari Budiharto Ivone
Published: April 2022

The recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) is a cultivation system that minimizes water changes and can optimize high stocking densities (SD). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of nursery culture in high stocking density with RAS on survival rate (SR), specific growth rate (SGR), relative length (LR), weight gain (WG), length gain (LG)and feed utility efficiency (FUE) of juvenile catfish. The study used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications: R3000 (SD of 3,000 fish/m2 with RAS); NR3000 (SD of 3,000 fish/m2 without RAS); R4000 (SD of 4,000 fish/m2 with RAS); NR4000 (SD of 4,000 fish/m2 without RAS). Juvenile catfish measuring 3.3±0.2 cm were reared for 21 days and water changes were carried out every 2 weeks in the RAS and every 2 days in the non-RAS. The results showed that the SR was not significantly different for all treatments. The highest SGR, LR, WG, LG and FUE were shown in the R4000 treatment (p<0.05). Water quality parameters, especially total ammonia nitrogen in the RAS treatment had a lower value than without RAS. The abundance of total bacteria in the RAS treatment was more than without RAS. This study showed that the density of 4,000 fish/m2 with the RAS was able to provide better catfish nursery production performance than without RAS.
The road ahead and the future of eliminating fisheries subsidies under the WTO
Authors: Lim Song Soo , Kim Chang Min , Kim Dae Eui , Lee Kyu Sung , Lee Eun Sang
Published: April 2022

The World Trade Organization has explored forging an agreement on eliminating trade-distorting fisheries subsides for twenty years. To hasten towards the compromise among WTO Members, the chair of fisheries subsides circulated the revised draft text eyeing on the conclusion of negotiations before its twelfth ministerial conference at the end of 2021. This study analyzes the draft agreement, focusing on prohibition on subsidies concerning illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, overfished stocks and overcapacity and overfishing. In addition, cross-sectional models are specified to investigate the effects of subsidies. Results show that both direct and indirect payments contribute to catch while support aimed for resource management is largely decoupled from overcapacity. When countries are further divided into the developed and developing countries by the WTO and the HDI criteria, only indirect payments prove their effectiveness in boosting catch. These empirical results shed light on the importance and effectiveness of policy reform in global fisheries subsidies.