bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mining activities influencing the nutritional status of soil and water near a chromite mining site of Odisha, India
Authors: Nanda Swayam Prakash , Panda Bibhu Prasad , Pradhan Abanti
Published: November 2022

Mining activities tend to pollute surface soils, water bodies, and groundwater of surrounding mining sites. These anthropogenic activities have a direct impact on the crops cultivated along with human life in and around mining areas. Mining operations produced contaminants that disrupted the physiochemical properties of water and soil. Hence analyzing the nutritional status of water and soil along with physiochemical properties is an indicator of pollution in mining areas. Odisha is the greatest producer of chromium metal, accounting for about 97% of total chromium output in India, with all of this coming from multiple chromite mines in the Sukinda block (Jajpur district). Chromite mining dust and water spills containing poisonous hexavalent chromium produce the most unfavorable conditions in water bodies and soil, rendering them unsuitable for human and plant use. The current analysis was carried out adjacent to the Sukinda block of the Jajpur district demonstrating that the examined parameters are more or less over the allowed range. The entire research explains the quality of soil and water near chromite mining areas concerning seasonal (pre‐monsoon, monsoon and post‐monsoon) and annual variation. The pH of the soil was found to be very acidic at the present research sites, which are within a radius of 3–5 km from the mining region, ranging from 4.33 to 5.24. The pH of water varied from 6.45 to 7.67 due to the mixing of chromium from the mining activity. The water bodies near the mining sites were found to be highly turbid (423–649 NTU). The test value of soil nutrients such as Nitrogen (142.89–189.12 Kg/ha.), Phosphorous (5.73–7.84 Kg/ha.), and Potassium (143.25–174.45 Kg/ha.) are comparatively very low than the normal range of soil.
COP27 climate change conference: urgent action needed for Africa and the world
Authors: Atwoli Lukoye , Erhabor Gregory E. , Gbakima Aiah A. , Haileamlak Abraham , Ntumba Jean‐Marie Kayembe , Kigera James , Laybourn‐Langton Laurie , Mash Bob , Muhia Joy , Mulaudzi Fhumulani Mavis , Ofori‐Adjei David , Okonofua Friday , Rashidian Arash , El‐Adawy Maha , Sidibé Siaka , Snouber Abdelmadjid , Tumwine James , Yassien Mohammad Sahar , Yonga Paul , Zakhama Lilia , Zielinski Chris
Published: November 2022

Wealthy nations must step up support for Africa and vulnerable countries in addressing past, present and future impacts of climate change.
The potential of polyethylene microplastics to transport copper in aquatic systems: Adsorption and desorption studies
Authors: Sathyamoorthy Manickam , Senthilkumar Ramalingham , Saravanakumar Krishnan , Reddy Prasad Donipathi Mogili , Naveen Prasad Balakrishna Sankari
Published: November 2022

Heavy metals and microplastics are two types of general contaminants that can cause significant damage to water systems and organisms. However, the interaction of heavy metal ions with microplastic in aquatic systems received less attention compared with that of organic contaminants. This study aims to explore the interaction of copper (II) ions with microplastic (polyethylene) in aquatic systems. The adsorption experiments were performed by varying several operational parameters including equilibrium pH, initial Cu (II) concentrations, and contact times. The microplastic was characterized using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared. The results confirmed the porous nature of the microplastic surface and the existence of various binding sites. The maximum Cu (II) uptake by microplastic was recorded as 1.23 mg/g at pH 5, according to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The experimental isotherm data exhibited a good fit to the Toth model, followed by the Langmuir and Freundlich equations, according to the correlation coefficient and %error values. The pseudo‐first kinetics equation showed a better fit to copper (II) kinetics data compared with the pseudo‐second kinetics equation. Elution of copper (II) ions from copper (II)‐loaded microplastic was attempted using several elutants, and the results indicated that 0.01 M HNO3 performed well with elution efficiency over 99.5%. Thus, the elution experiments furnished proof that Cu‐loaded microplastic may leach Cu (II) ions under rich acidic conditions, thereby aiding the transport of Cu (II) ions into the digestive tracts of aquatic organisms.

Practitioner Points

Polyethylene microplastics showed potential to sorb copper ions.

The mechanism was electrostatic interaction between microplastics and metal ions.

Maximum copper adsorption by microplastic was recorded as 1.23 mg/g.

Once desorbed, Cu(II) transferred into the digestive tracts of aquatic organisms.
Die Bedeutung von Lebensumfeldern für freiwilliges Engagement
Authors: Holtmann Everhard , Jaeck Tobias , Wohlleben Odette
Published: November 2022

Dem folgenden Teilkapitel liegt die Annahme zugrunde, dass es die – in der Literatur so apostrophierten – Kontextbedingungen sind, die politisches und soziales Verhalten von Einzelpersonen und sozialen Gruppen wesentlich bestimmen, und hierbei insbesondere auch freiwilliges Engagement. In den vorangegangenen Kapiteln 3 und 4 wurden mittels Zusammenhangsanalysen bereits die Verbindungslinien zwischen ausgewählten Variablen, die auch einen kontextuellen Bezug aufweisen, und den Formen zivilgesellschaftlichen Handelns sichtbar gemacht.
Intercalary fragments in posterior malleolar fractures: incidence, treatment implications, and distribution within CT-based classification systems
Authors: Mueller Elena , Kleinertz Holger , Tessarzyk Marlon , Rammelt Stefan , Bartoníček Jan , Frosch Karl-Heinz , Barg Alexej , Schlickewei Carsten
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Complex ankle fractures frequently include the posterior malleolus (PM). Despite advances in diagnostic and treatment strategies, PM fracture involvement still predisposes to worse outcomes. While not incorporated into the most common PM fracture classifications, the presence of an intercalary fragment (ICF) complicates treatment. This study aims to describe the incidence, morphology, and location of ICFs in PM fractures.

Materials and methods

A total of 135 patients with a mean age of 54.4 (SD ± 18.9) years and PM fractures were analyzed for the presence of an ICF. Patients with an ICF were compared to those without in terms of age, gender, and treatment received. Characteristics of the ICFs in terms of location and size were assessed. Furthermore, the presence of an ICF in relation to the PM fracture classification according to Haraguchi et al., Bartoníček/Rammelt et al., and Mason et al. was investigated.

Results

ICFs presented in 55 (41%) of the 135 patients. Patients with an ICF were younger, and the PM was more often operatively treated when compared to patients without an ICF. A posterolateral approach was used significantly more often in patients with an ICF. Almost all ICFs were found in the posterolateral (58%) and posterocentral (35%) regions. The majority of fragments were found in Bartoníček/Rammelt type 2 fractures, the most common fracture type. Bartoníček/Rammelt type 3 fractures had the highest relative frequency of ICFs.

Conclusion

ICFs are frequently found in PM fractures; however, they are not incorporated into any of the common classifications. They are generally found in younger patients and associated with more complex PM fractures. As they can complicate reduction of the main fragment and may require direct exposure to restore joint congruency, ICFs should be considered in PM fracture classifications. Due to their location, the majority of ICFs are able to be accessed using a posterolateral approach.
Does a higher cultural supply raise cultural consumption? The association between individual and city traits and cultural consumption in Chile
Authors: Rodríguez-Puello Gabriel , Iturra Victor
Published: November 2022

While cultural economics and urban economics literatures have well established that more able individuals tend to prefer mostly cities with a high level of cultural amenities and schooling is one of the main individual determinants of the cultural consumption, there is no empirical evidence on whether cities specialized in culture boost cultural consumption of their residents. This research takes a step back compared to most studies and directly tests whether—controlling for individual characteristics—the higher the city cultural supply, the higher the probability of consuming cultural goods. Using data for 2017 from Chile and an instrumental variable approach, the results suggest that cities’ cultural employment shape workers’ decisions to consume cultural goods. A positive impact of city cultural supply on cultural consumption is found for both aggregated and disaggregated cultural goods, a robust result even under weaker exclusion restrictions of the instrument.
Changing vulnerability in Asia: contagion and spillovers
Authors: Kangogo Moses , Dungey Mardi , Volkov Vladimir
Published: November 2022

An increasing involvement of the Asian market in the global context plays a fundamental role in spreading shocks across the financial system. This paper examines the extent of vulnerability across Asian equity markets and the United States (US) equity market by distinguishing between spillovers and contagion. Spillovers are detected using a generalised historical decomposition method, while contagion is identified using a portfolio mimicking factor framework using moment conditions. The transmission of spillovers is assessed to capture the direction, strength and signs of the spillovers. The findings show evidence of changing vulnerability in Asia and the US. This is as a result of increased spillovers during crisis events and the presence of contagion. Stronger connections during crisis periods are evident as well as a general deepening of the global network. These connections may result in reduced opportunities for emerging markets. The findings suggest that caution is needed when developing regulations or methods to create a stable financial system.
Representation of precipitation and top-of-atmosphere radiation in a multi-model convection-permitting ensemble for the Lake Victoria Basin (East-Africa)
Authors: Lipzig Nicole P. M. van , Walle Jonas Van de , Belušić Danijel , Berthou Ségolène , Coppola Erika , Demuzere Matthias , Fink Andreas H. , Finney Declan L. , Glazer Russell , Ludwig Patrick , Marsham John H. , Nikulin Grigory , Pinto Joaquim G. , Rowell David P. , Wu Minchao , Thiery Wim
Published: November 2022

The CORDEX Flagship Pilot Study ELVIC (climate Extremes in the Lake VICtoria basin) was recently established to investigate how extreme weather events will evolve in this region of the world and to provide improved information for the climate impact community. Here we assess the added value of the convection-permitting scale simulations on the representation of moist convective systems over and around Lake Victoria. With this aim, 10 year present-day model simulations were carried out with five regional climate models at both PARameterized (PAR) scales (12–25 km) and Convection-Permitting (CP) scales (2.5–4.5 km), with COSMO-CLM, RegCM, AROME, WRF and UKMO. Most substantial systematic improvements were found in metrics related to deep convection. For example, the timing of the daily maximum in precipitation is systematically delayed in CP compared to PAR models, thereby improving the agreement with observations. The large overestimation in the total number of rainy events is alleviated in the CP models. Systematic improvements were found in the diurnal cycle in Top-Of-Atmosphere (TOA) radiation and in some metrics for precipitation intensity. No unanimous improvement nor deterioration was found in the representation of the spatial distribution of total rainfall and the seasonal cycle when going to the CP scale. Furthermore, some substantial biases in TOA upward radiative fluxes remain. Generally our analysis indicates that the representation of the convective systems is strongly improved in CP compared to PAR models, giving confidence that the models are valuable tools for studying how extreme precipitation events may evolve in the future in the Lake Victoria basin and its surroundings.
The Mid-Pleistocene Transition: a delayed response to an increasing positive feedback?
Authors: Shackleton J. D. , Follows M. J. , Thomas P. J. , Omta A. W.
Published: November 2022

Glacial–interglacial cycles constitute large natural variations in Earth’s climate. The Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT) marks a shift of the dominant periodicity of these climate cycles from $$\sim 40$$

∼
40

to $$\sim 100$$

∼
100

 kyr. Recently, it has been suggested that this shift resulted from a gradual increase in the internal period (or equivalently, a decrease in the natural frequency) of the system. As a result, the system would then have locked to ever higher multiples of the external forcing period. We find that the internal period is sensitive to the strength of positive feedbacks in the climate system. Using a carbon cycle model in which feedbacks between calcifier populations and ocean alkalinity mediate atmospheric CO$$_2,$$

2

,

we simulate stepwise periodicity changes similar to the MPT through such a mechanism. Due to the internal dynamics of the system, the periodicity shift occurs up to millions of years after the change in the feedback strength is imposed. This suggests that the cause for the MPT may have occurred a significant time before the observed periodicity shift.
Prediction of individual graft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using anthropometric data
Authors: Sadoghi Patrick , Röggla Veronika , Beiglböck Hannes , Schett Benjamin , Reschl Martin , Fischerauer Stefan , Reinbacher Patrick , Widhalm Harald K.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Multiple options for individual anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction exist; still, there are no guidelines for the preoperative preparation. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between patients’ anthropometric data (height, weight, and age) and measurements of potential tendons (quadriceps-, patella, hamstrings tendon) for an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Material and methods

MR images of 102 patients have been analyzed. Measurements of the ACL were performed with respect to its length and angle. The diameter and length as well as width of the quadriceps and patella tendon, the cross-sectional area (CSA) and diameter of the hamstring tendons have been assessed. Patients’ height, weight, BMI, sex and age have been recorded. The correlations of these measurements with the patients’ anthropometric data have been calculated. Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability based on intra-class correlation (ICC) was evaluated.

Results

The mean lengths of the ACL were 29.8 ± 3.5 mm, tibial insertion sites 15.8 ± 2.5 mm and femoral insertion sites 15.2 ± 3.0 mm. Thickness of the quadriceps tendons was 4.7 ± 1.1 mm and patella tendon 3.2 ± 0.7 mm. The patients’ height showed significant positive correlations with the CSA of the hamstring tendon measurements, the length of the ACL, and the insertion sites of the ACL. Patients’ weight showed significant positive correlations with patella tendon thickness, the CSA of the hamstring tendons, the length of the ACL, and the tibial and femoral insertion sites. Patients’ age showed a significant positive correlation with patella tendon thickness. The ICCs for intra- and inter-rater reliability were 0.98 (95% CI 0.95–0.99, p < 0.001) and 0.94 (95% CI 0.88–0.99, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Anthropometric data with respect to height, weight, and sex can help to predict the dimension of tendons for ACL reconstruction and do correlate with ACL tendon. Patients at risk for small graft dimensions and failure are younger than 20 years and physically active. MRIs of patients at risk for small graft dimensions should be analyzed on tendon length and cross section areas preoperatively to determine the appropriate tendon harvest and fixation technique.
Tropical Carathéodory with Matroids
Authors: Loho Georg , Sanyal Raman
Published: November 2022

Bárány’s colorful generalization of Carathéodory’s Theorem combines geometrical and combinatorial constraints. Kalai–Meshulam (2005) and Holmsen (2016) generalized Bárány’s theorem by replacing color classes with matroid constraints. In this note, we obtain corresponding results in tropical convexity, generalizing the Tropical Colorful Carathéodory Theorem of Gaubert–Meunier (2010). Our proof is inspired by geometric arguments and is reminiscent of matroid intersection. Moreover, we show that the topological approach fails in this setting. We also discuss tropical colorful linear programming and show that it is NP-complete. We end with thoughts and questions on generalizations to polymatroids, anti-matroids as well as examples and matroid simplicial depth.
Dynamics in cognition and health-related quality of life in grade 2 and 3 gliomas after surgery
Authors: Svedung Wettervik Teodor , Munkhammar Åsa A. , Jemstedt Malin , Ersson Marcus , Latini Francesco , Ryttlefors Mats , Zetterling Maria
Published: November 2022

Background

The focus of clinical management and research in gliomas has been on survival, but the interest in the treatment effects on cognition and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is emerging. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics in cognition after brain tumor surgery for astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas grade 2 and 3. The secondary aim was to investigate the association of postoperative changes in cognition with changes HRQoL.

Methods

In this observational study, 48 patients operated for an astrocytoma or oligodendrogliomas, grade 2 or 3, at the Department of Neurosurgery, Uppsala, Sweden, 2016–2021, were included. Cognitive and language skills were assessed with a selected test battery and HRQoL was patient-reported as assessed with RAND-36 pre- and approximately 3 months postoperatively.

Results

There was a significant postoperative decrease in attention span and verbal learning, but the patients improved in the test for visual memory. There was no change in visual attention, executive function, verbal memory, visual organization and construction, verbal fluency, and confrontation naming. The RAND-36 variables physical function, role physical, general health, vitality, and social functioning decreased significantly after surgery. Patients operated for tumor recurrence exhibited greater deterioration in attention and a greater extent of resection correlated with a less pronounced decrease in verbal memory, but there were otherwise weak associations between the dynamics in cognition and patient-, tumor-, and treatment-variables. A decline in cognitive variables was not associated with worse HRQoL.

Conclusions

Although both several cognitive and HRQoL domains deteriorated postoperatively, these changes did not correlate with each other. This highlights the complexity of cognitive and HRQoL dynamics in the early postoperative phase.
Cold waves in Terai region of Nepal and farmer’s perception of the effect of fog events and cold waves on agriculture
Authors: Shrestha Shreemat , Peel Murray C. , Moore Graham A.
Published: November 2022

Cold waves are considered one of the important extreme weather events affecting winter crop production in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). In spite of media coverage of extreme cold events in the Terai area of Nepal (Nepal section of IGP) in recent years, few studies on this topic were found. This study investigates cold waves and their impact on agriculture during winter in the Terai region of Nepal. Historical daily maximum and minimum temperature data from six stations in the Terai (Dhangadhi, Nepalgunj, Bhairahawa, Simara, Janakpur, and Biratnagar) during 1971–2015 were analyzed to study the occurrence of cold days, cold nights, extreme cold days, extreme cold nights, cold wave days, and extreme cold wave days in the Terai. The average number of cold days per annum ranges from 15.6 to 17.9 days and the extreme cold days per annum ranges from 3.2 to 3.6 days in the Terai. Except for Nepalgunj, all the Terai stations show statistically significant increasing trends in the frequency of cold days and extreme cold days over the last four decades. Similarly, the average number of cold wave days varies from 9.2 to 13.8 per annum and the average number of extreme cold wave days varies from 1.4 to 3.8 days in the Terai region of Nepal. By comparing the co-occurrence of foggy days and cold and extreme cold wave days at Biratnagar, Simara, Bhairahawa, and Nepalgunj airport, it is also observed that most of the cold and extreme cold wave days are also foggy days. The perception of farmers regarding the effect of fog and cold wave events was explored through focus group discussions at Dhanusha and Sunsari districts of Nepal and found that the fog and cold events have significantly affected their winter crops, livestock, and their day-to-day life.
CTBP1 and CTBP2 mutations underpinning neurological disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Acosta-Baena Natalia , Tejada-Moreno Johanna Alexandra , Arcos-Burgos Mauricio , Villegas-Lanau Carlos Andrés
Published: November 2022

C-terminal binding proteins (CtBP1/2) are transcriptional coregulators that play a significant role during vertebrate neurodevelopment. This systematic review aims to identify case reports with genetic variants in CTBP1 and CTBP2 associated with brain development syndromes.

We screened different databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, LILACS) by systematically searching journals and checking reference lists and citations of background papers. We found fourteen cases (10 males) from five papers carrying two pathogenic, heterozygous variants in the CTBP1 gene (13 individuals carried the missense mutation c.991C T, p.Arg342Trp, and one subject carrying the 2-base pair deletion c.1315_1316delCA, p.Gln439ValfsTer84). These mutations were de novo in 13 cases and one case of maternal germinal mosaicism. Two variants are in the same domain of the protein: Pro-Leu-Asp-Leu-Ser (PLDLS) C terminal. Patients with these mutations exhibit a phenotype with intellectual disability, HADDTS syndrome (hypotonia, ataxia, developmental delay, and tooth enamel defects), and cerebellar volume loss. We did not identify reported cases associated with homozygous mutations harbored in CTBP1. We did not identify any report of neurodevelopment phenotypes associated with heterozygous or homozygous CTBP2 mutations. Due to CTBP2/RIBEYE being a gene with dual function, identifying and interpreting the potential pathogenic variants is challenging.

Further, homozygous mutations in the CTBP2 gene may be lethal. The mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopment due to variants of these proteins have not yet been elucidated, despite some functional evidence. Further studies should be conducted to understand these transcription factors and their interaction with each other and their partners.
A Computational Model of a Single Auditory Nerve Fiber for Electric-Acoustic Stimulation
Authors: Kipping Daniel , Nogueira Waldo
Published: November 2022

Cochlear implant (CI) recipients with preserved acoustic low-frequency hearing in the implanted ear are a growing group among traditional CI users who benefit from hybrid electric-acoustic stimulation (EAS). However, combined ipsilateral electric and acoustic stimulation also introduces interactions between the two modalities that can affect the performance of EAS users. A computational model of a single auditory nerve fiber that is excited by EAS was developed to study the interaction between electric and acoustic stimulation. Two existing models of sole electric or acoustic stimulation were coupled to simulate responses to combined EAS. Different methods of combining both models were implemented. In the coupled model variant, the refractoriness of the simulated fiber leads to suppressive interaction between electrically evoked and acoustically evoked spikes as well as spontaneous activity. The second model variant is an uncoupled EAS model without electric-acoustic interaction. By comparing predictions between the coupled and the noninteracting EAS model, it was possible to infer electric-acoustic interaction at the level of the auditory nerve. The EAS model was used to simulate fiber populations with realistic inter-unit variability, where each unit was represented by the single-fiber model. Predicted thresholds and dynamic ranges, spike rates, latencies, jitter, and vector strengths were compared to empirical data. The presented EAS model provides a framework for future studies of peripheral electric-acoustic interaction.
The influence of multiperspectivity in history texts on students’ representations of a historical event
Authors: Kropman Marc , van Drie Jannet , van Boxtel Carla
Published: November 2022

School history textbook narratives of a nation’s past often present limited perspectives, which may impede the aim of teaching history from multiple perspectives. Less is known about the influence of including multiple perspectives on students’ representations of the past. This study examines the extent to which students include multiple perspectives when processing a schoolbook text that includes multiple perspectives compared to a schoolbook history text containing fewer perspectives. Tenth grade students (N = 104) in four schools were randomly assigned to read one of two texts on the Dutch Revolt and asked to make a summary. Multiperspectivity was analysed through the representation of actors, aspects of scale, dimensions and historiography. The students working with the text having high multiperspectivity showed more perspectives in their representations. In the summaries, these students included significantly more perspectives than did the students using the text with fewer perspectives. Moreover, these students’ representations of the main actors were more nuanced. The students using the text with high multiperspectivity situated the conflict in a broader international context and integrated more historiographical dimensions. The insights generated by these outcomes emphasize the important role of textbooks when aiming to teach history from multiple perspectives.
Rational design of thermoelastic damping in microresonators with phase-lagging heat conduction law
Authors: Fu Yu , Li Li , Chen Hongfang , Wang Xuelin , Ling Ling , Hu Yujin
Published: November 2022

The design of thermoelastic damping (TED) affected by the phase-lagging non-Fourier heat conduction effects becomes significant but challenging for enlarging the quality factor of widely-used microresonators operating in extreme situations, including ultra-high excitation frequency and ultra-low working temperature. However, there does not exist a rational method for designing the TED in the framework of non-Fourier heat conduction law. This work, therefore, proposes a design framework to achieve low thermoelastic dissipation of microresonators governed by the phase-lagging heat conduction law. The equation of motion and the heat conduction equation for phase-lagging TED microresonators are derived first, and then the non-Fourier TED design problem is proposed. A topology optimization-based rational design method is used to resolve the design problem. What is more, a two-dimensional (2D) plain-strain-based finite element method (FEM) is developed as a solver for the topology optimization process. Based on the suggested rational design technique, numerical instances with various phase lags are investigated. The results show that the proposed design method can remarkably reduce the dissipation of microresonators by tailoring their substructures.
Multiplicity-induced optimal gains of an inverted pendulum system under a delayed proportional-derivative-acceleration feedback
Authors: Mei Zisong , Wang Zaihua
Published: November 2022

This paper studies the stabilization to an inverted pendulum under a delayed proportional-derivative-acceleration (PDA) feedback, which can be used to understand human balance in quiet standing. The closed-loop system is described by a neutral delay differential equation (NDDE). The optimal feedback gains (OFGs) that make the exponential decaying rate maximized are determined when the characteristic equation of the closed-loop has a repeated real root with multiplicity 4. Such a property is called multiplicity-induced dominancy of time-delay systems, and has been discussed intensively by many authors for retarded delay differential equations (RDDEs). This paper shows that multiplicity-induced dominancy can be achieved in NDDEs. In addition, the OFGs are delay-dependent, and decrease sharply to small numbers correspondingly as the delay increases from zero and varies slowly with respect to moderate delays. Thus, the inverted pendulum can be well-stabilized with moderate delays and relatively small feedback gains. The result might be understandable that the elderly with obvious response delays can be well-stabilized with a delayed PDA feedback controller.
Nonsmooth dynamic analysis of rigid-flexible interaction collision
Authors: Tao Ling , Li Zhongpan , Li Yan , Chen Huijian , Feng Zhiqiang
Published: November 2022

This paper aims to explore the deformation of the collided bodies in multi-body systems and to effectively simulate the motion path of colliding bodies. First, we describe the geometrically nonlinear problems of materials by the total Lagrangian formulation. Second, a first-order integration scheme is used to solve the dynamics equations. An algorithm combining the bi-potential method with the node-to-point contact identification is proposed to solve the interface problems of rigid-flexible interaction collision. To observe the collision process more intuitively, the internal software FER/VIEW is introduced to visualize the results. The accuracy is proved by comparing the proposed method with the analytical solution or another numerical solution. Moreover, the proposed method has more numerical robustness, such as occupying less computer storage, saving the computational cost, and broadening the application range of the bi-potential method.
Bandgap characteristics of the two-dimensional missing rib lattice structure
Authors: Yang Fan , Ma Zhaoyang , Guo Xingming
Published: November 2022

In this paper, the bandgap characteristics of a missing rib lattice structure composed of beam elements are investigated by using the Floquet-Bloch theorem. The tuning of the width and position of the bandgap is achieved by changing the local structural parameters, i.e., the rotation angle, the short beam length, and the beam thickness. In order to expand the regulation of the bandgap, the influence of the material parameters of the crossed long beams inside the structure on the bandgap is analyzed. The results show that the mass density and stiffness of the structure have significant effects on the bandgap, while Poisson’s ratio has no effect on the bandgap. By analyzing the first ten bands of the reference unit cell, it can be found that the missing rib lattice structure generates multiple local resonance bandgaps for vibration reduction, and these bandgap widths are wider. The modal analysis reveals that the formation of the bandgap is due to the dipole resonance of the lattice structure, and this dipole resonance originates from the coupling of the bending deformation of the beam elements. In the band structure, the vibrational mode of the 9th band with a negative slope corresponds to a rotational resonance, which is different from that with the conventional negative slope formed by the coupling of two resonance modes. This study can provide a theoretical reference for the design of simple and lightweight elastic metamaterials, as well as for the regulation of bandgaps and the suppression of elastic waves.
Progress in performance development of room temperature direct terahertz detectors
Authors: Rogalski A.
Published: November 2022

In this paper issues, associated with the development of THz direct detectors and focal plane arrays in the last decade are discussed. After short description of general classification of THz detectors, more details concern Schottky barrier diodes, CMOS-based detectors, microbolometers, and field-effect transistor detectors, where links between THz devices and modern technologies such as micromachining are underlined. Special attention has been paid to the development of detectors made of two-dimensional materials. Their performance is comparable to that presented for classical terahertz detectors. It is shown that applications of nanoscale materials and devices, in particular, made of two-dimensional materials, open the door for further performance improvement of THz detectors operated at room temperature.
Effect of clay minerals on the flame retardancy of polylactic acid/ammonium polyphosphate system
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Thuy Tien , Szolnoki Beáta , Vadas Dániel , Nacsa Milán , Marosi György , Bocz Katalin
Published: November 2022

The overview of the literature reveals the lack of comprehensive study on the effect of clay minerals in flame-retarded polylactic acid (PLA) composites. This research focuses on sepiolite (SEP) and montmorillonite (MMT) clay minerals and their impact on ammonium polyphosphate (APP)-based intumescent flame-retardant (IFR) system in PLA. The effects of the clay mineral types, their surface modification (O-SEP and O-MMT, respectively) and their concentration in PLA/APP composites on the flame-retardant properties were comprehensively evaluated through thermal and flammability tests. Overall, the sepiolite-containing samples showed the greatest decrease in pHRR and THR values at the 3 m/m% loading level. The sepiolites showed stronger interfacial interactions with the PLA matrix than the montmorillonites, and the organomodification proved to improve the compatibility of both types of clay minerals according to the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results. Yet, the organomodification had a contradictory effect on the flame-retardant properties. In the case of sepiolites, it proved to be beneficial as the O-SEP added composite achieved a 60% decrease in the pHRR value and reduced the THR value to 60%. For montmorillonites, the improved compatibility by the organomodification with the PLA matrix seemed to hinder its flame-retardant effectiveness, as the critical point to its flame-retardant mechanism is the rapid migration and accumulation of the clay minerals towards the surface of the polymer.
Understanding Causes for Wrongful Convictions in Vietnam: a View from the Top and the Bottom of the Iceberg
Authors: Le Lan Chi , Hoang Yen Hai , Bui Hang Thanh , Nguyen Duc Quang , Mai Son Thanh , Luong Hai Thanh
Published: November 2022

Wrongful convictions have severe consequences and effects on the values, dignity, and self-esteem of the innocent and their beloved ones. While Vietnam is implementing the rule of law to ensure the protection of citizens’ fundamental rights, recent and serious wrongful conviction cases suggest a need to enhance the effectiveness and credibility of criminal justice reform. Using several cases for examples from Vietnam, this study examines two levels of factors that contribute to wrongful convictions: (i) the acknowledged causes (the top of the iceberg) and (ii) the hidden roots (beneath the surface). In addition, we compare the case of Vietnam to the findings from other Asian nations, notably those of East Asia. We conclude that the causes for wrongful convictions are embedded in the criminal justice process and culture, and eradication of wrongful convictions requires careful planning and innovative reforms that address the root causes of the problems. Relevant policy and practical recommendations are offered to deal with the factors leading to wrongful convictions in Vietnam.
Self-potential data inversion utilizing the Bat optimizing algorithm (BOA) with various application cases
Authors: Essa Khalid S. , Diab Zein E. , Mehanee Salah A.
Published: November 2022

The Bat optimizing algorithm (BOA) is one of the metaheuristic algorithms and applied here to interpret self-potential (SP) data. The BOA is depending upon a bat echolocation behavior for global optimization, which the global optimum solution reached at the suggested minimum value of the objective function. The best interpretive source parameters for the subsurface structures occurred at the minimal the objective function value (global best solution). The BOA is applied to 2D SP anomaly data to estimate the characteristic source parameters (i.e., the depth to center, amplitude coefficient, origin location, geometric shape factor, and polarization and inclination angle of the causative buried structure). The BOA can be applied to single and multiple source structures in the restricted class of simple geometric shapes, which these bodies help in the validation of the subsurface ore and mineral targets. The stability and efficiency of the proposed BOA have been examined by several synthetic examples. In addition, three different real field examples from Germany and Indonesia have been successfully applied to ore and mineral investigation and geological structure studies. In general, the achieved results are in good agreement with the available borehole data and results mentioned in the literature.
Archeometallurgical Study of a Renaissance Spearhead from Northern Italy
Authors: Merico Paolomarco , Faccoli Michela , Gotti Roberto , Cornacchia Giovanna
Published: November 2022

A metallurgical study of a Renaissance spearhead from northern Italy was performed to provide new deep insights into both smelting and smithing technologies which are involved in the manufacturing process. Optical microscopy observations, Vickers microhardness measurements, and optical emission spectroscopy analyses demonstrated that the spearhead was skillfully assembled and shaped from different steel bars, and a slack-quenching heat treatment was performed on the blade to improve its functionality. The chemistry of a large sample of nonmetallic inclusions was characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with X-ray dispersive spectroscopy. A multivariate statistical data treatment based on logistic regression was applied to assess the technological origin of the steel bars. The results allowed to conclude that the spearhead steel was obtained following the indirect steel-making route. The temperatures reached during both smelting and smithing stages were estimated in the FeO–SiO2–CaO system at 1470 °C and 1200 °C, respectively.
Kin or Research Material? Exploring IVF Couples’ Perceptions about the Human Embryo and Implications for Disposition Decisions in Norway
Authors: Kvernflaten B. , Fedorcsák P. , Solbrække K. N.
Published: November 2022

In vitro fertilization (IVF) involves making embryos outside of the human body, which has spurred debate about the status of the embryo, embryo research and donation. We explore couples’ perceptions about embryos and their thoughts and acceptability about various disposition decisions in Norway. Based on an ethnographic study including interviews and observations in an IVF clinic, we show that couples do not perceive their pre-implantation IVF embryos to be human lives; rather, they consider successful implantation the start of life. We suggest that this response indicates a change in the perception of the human embryo or the fertilised egg fromincipient life—a viewpoint that was dominant in the discussions of embryo research in the 1980s and 1990s. We also show how this view of the pre-implantation embryo elucidates why donating embryos to research appears acceptable but donating to other infertile couples seems rather difficult. Before transfer to a woman’s uterus, the embryo exists in a liminality; it is not yet human life but a living cell with potential for both researchandpregnancy. When an embryo is implanted and pregnancy is confirmed, human life activates; the embryo becomes potential kin, influencing couples’ struggles with donating embryos to other couples.
Patterns of Performance Variation Between Animal Hybrids and their Parents: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Muraro Martina , Falaschi Mattia , Ficetola Gentile Francesco
Published: November 2022

Hybridization is a widespread phenomenon in animals, and hybrid heterosis/breakdown could be key processes determining the evolutionary dynamics of hybrids. Indeed, hybrids are not consistently disadvantaged compared to the parental lineages, as was historically assumed. Multiple processes could lead to performance differences between parental lineages and their hybrids. Despite many studies evaluated the performance of hybrids, a quantitative synthesis is required to assess the general pattern. Here we used meta-analytic and meta-regression approaches to quantify the fitness differences between parental lineages and their hybrids, and to identify possible processes that could lead to these differences. Specifically, we tested biological and methodological parameters that could determine differences in performance between hybrids and parental lineages. Hybrid performance was extremely variable across studies, being often significantly higher or lower compared to the mean performance of their parents. Nevertheless, the averaged hybrid performance was similar to the fitness of parental lineages, with differences across studies related to how performance was assessed. Genetic divergence between parental lineages, and the approach used to identify hybrids were the parameters most strongly related to variation in hybrid performance. Performance was lower for hybrids between distantly related lineages. Furthermore, study settings and the use of imprecise approaches for hybrid identification (e.g. morphology-based) can bias assessments of performance. Studies performed on wild populations and using genetic approaches for hybrid identification detected more often a decreased hybrid performance, compared to laboratory studies. We highlight the importance of appropriate settings for a realistic understanding of the evolutionary impacts of hybridization.
Barriers and facilitators for implementation of the SWORD evidence-based psychological intervention for fear of cancer recurrence in three different healthcare settings
Authors: Deuning-Smit Esther , Kolsteren Evie E. M. , Kwakkenbos Linda , Custers José A. E. , Hermens Rosella P. M. G. , Prins Judith B.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) interventions are effective, but few are implemented. This study aimed to identify barriers and facilitators for implementing the evidence-based blended SWORD intervention in routine psycho-oncological care.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews with 19 cancer survivors and 18 professionals from three healthcare settings assessed barriers and facilitators in six domains as described by the determinant frameworks of Grol and Flottorp: (1) innovation, (2) professionals, (3) patients, (4) social context, (5) organization, and (6) economic and political context.

Results

In the innovation domain, there were few barriers. Facilitators included high reliability, accessibility, and relevance of SWORD. In the professional domain, physicians and nurses barriers were lack of self-efficacy, knowledge, and skills to address FCR whereas psychologists had sufficient knowledge and skills, but some were critical towards protocolized treatments, cognitive behavioral therapy, or eHealth. Patient domain barriers included lack of FCR awareness, negative expectations of psychotherapy, and unwillingness/inability to actively engage in treatment. A social context domain barrier was poor communication between different healthcare professionals. Organization domain barriers included inadequate referral structures to psychological services, limited capacity, and complex legal procedures. Economic and political context domain barriers included lack of a national implementation structure for evidence-based psycho-oncological interventions and eHealth platform costs.

Conclusions

Implementation strategies should be targeted at patient, professional, organizational and economic and political domains. Identified barriers and facilitators are relevant to other researchers in psycho-oncology that aim to bridge the research-practice gap.

Implications for cancer survivors

This study contributes to the implementation of evidence-based psychological interventions for cancer survivors, who can benefit from these services.
Effect of Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) Pre-Treatment on the Quality of Sous Vide (SV) Processed Beef Short Ribs and Optimisation of PEF and SV Process Parameters Using Multiple Polynomial Regression Model
Authors: Karki Roman , Oey Indrawati , Bremer Phil , Leong Sze Ying , Silcock Patrick
Published: November 2022

To maximise tenderness, minimise cooking loss, and decrease the adverse effects on the colour of beef short ribs, third-order multiple regression models were used to optimise the processing parameters during the pulsed electric fields (PEF) followed by sous vide (SV) processing. Electric field strength (EFS) and specific energy (SE) of PEF ranged from 0 to 0.85 kV/cm and 0 to 110.96 kJ/kg, respectively, and SV processing for 12, 24, or 36 h at 60 °C was applied. The optimum PEF-SV processing conditions for short ribs were found at EFS of 0.85 kV/cm and SE of 110.96 kJ/kg with SV processing at 60 °C for 23.96 h. In the absence of PEF pre-treatment, the optimum SV time at 60 °C was 36 h. PEF pre-treatments (SE, 99–110.96 kJ/kg) followed by SV (24 h) at 60 °C resulted in a significantly lower cooking loss (%) and texture profile analysis hardness compared to PEF at all treatment intensities, followed by SV at 60 °C for 36 h. Furthermore, significant differences were not observed in the redness, hue angle, and chroma at different PEF-SV processing parameters. Therefore, for industrial applications, PEF-SV processing with EFS (0.85 kV/cm), pulse width (20 µS), pulse frequency (50 Hz) and SE (110.96 kJ/kg), and SV temperature–time combination of 60 °C and 23.96 h is highly recommended.
Electric scooter–related accidents: a possible protective effect of helmet use on the head injury severity
Authors: Cittadini Francesca , Aulino Giovanni , Petrucci Martina , Valentini Silvia , Covino Marcello
Published: November 2022

Despite electric scooter use has proliferated in Italy since 2019, actionable data regarding injury incidence and patterns associated with electric scooter accidents are limited. This study aims at analyzing the rate, clinical, and demographic features of electric scooter accidents accessed to the Emergency Department (ED) of Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS (Rome, Italy). This retrospective study included all patients older than 18 years riding an electric scooter in the ED from June 2019 to April 2022. Personal data, injury circumstances, helmet use, and health data were collected. Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) codes of all diagnoses were recorded, and the Injury Severity Score (ISS) was calculated for each patient. The analysis includes 92 patients admitted to the ED due to an e-scooter accident during the study period, with an increase in years. Thirty-two patients presented bone fractures especially concerning the extremities and the face districts. The median Injury Severity Score in the study cohort was 3, with the highest AIS represented by AIS Pelvic-Extremity and AIS External. Moreover, statistical significance was found between AIS Head-Neck and severity of trauma. E-scooters have become a familiar sight in cities worldwide recently, with many new companies renting them for use. But their arrival has also brought new safety concerns. Although most injuries reported are minor, the meager rate of helmet use is critical. Implementing compulsory helmet use for electric scooters for all ages could be a protective factor for being patient with head trauma on urban streets.