bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Influence of Inter-Trial Interval on the Assessment of Short-Interval Intracortical Inhibition
Authors: de Albuquerque Lidio Lima , Pantovic Milan , Wilkins Erik W. , Morris Desiree , Clingo Mitchell , Boss Sage , Riley Zachary A. , Poston Brach
Published: June 2024

Short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) is a common paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) measure used to assess primary motor cortex (M1) interneuron activity in healthy populations and in neurological disorders. Many of the parameters of TMS stimulation to most accurately measure SICI have been determined. However, one TMS parameter that has not been investigated is the time between SICI trials (termed inter-trial interval; ITI). This is despite a series of single-pulse TMS studies which have reported that motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude were suppressed for short, but not long ITIs in approximately the initial ten trials of a TMS block of 20–30 trials. The primary purpose was to examine the effects of ITI on the quantification of SICI at rest. A total of 23 healthy adults completed an experimental session that included four SICI trial blocks. Each block utilized a different ITI (4, 6, 8, and 10 s) and was comprised of a total of 26 SICI trials divided into three epochs. ANOVA revealed that the main effects for ITI and epoch as well as their interaction were all non-statistically significant for SICI. We conclude that the shorter (4–6 s) ITIs used in studies investigating SICI should not alter the interpretation of M1 activity, while having the advantages of being more comfortable to participants and reducing the experimental time needed to evaluate perform single and paired-pulse TMS experiments.
Anatomical Features and Material Properties of Human Surrogate Head Models Affect Spatial and Temporal Brain Motion under Blunt Impact
Authors: Hanna Michael , Ali Abdus , Bhatambarekar Prasad , Modi Karan , Lee Changhee , Morrison Barclay , Klienberger Michael , Pfister Bryan J.
Published: June 2024

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a biomechanical problem where the initiating event is dynamic loading (blunt, inertial, blast) to the head. To understand the relationship between the mechanical parameters of the injury and the deformation patterns in the brain, we have previously developed a surrogate head (SH) model capable of measuring spatial and temporal deformation in a surrogate brain under blunt impact. The objective of this work was to examine how material properties and anatomical features affect the motion of the brain and the development of injurious deformations. The SH head model was modified to study six variables independently under blunt impact: surrogate brain stiffness, surrogate skull stiffness, inclusion of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), head/skull size, inclusion of vasculature, and neck stiffness. Each experimental SH was either crown or frontally impacted at 1.3 m/s (3 mph) using a drop tower system. Surrogate brain material, the Hybrid III neck stiffness, and skull stiffness were measured and compared to published properties. Results show that the most significant variables affecting changes in brain deformation are skull stiffness, inclusion of CSF and surrogate brain stiffness. Interestingly, neck stiffness and SH size significantly affected the strain rate only suggesting these parameters are less important in blunt trauma. While the inclusion of vasculature locally created strain concentrations at the interface of the artery and brain, overall deformation was reduced.
Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds May Contribute to Atopic Dermatitis in Adults
Authors: Tang Kuo-Tung , Chen Yu-Sin , Lee Mey-Fann , Chen Tzu-Ting , Lai Chien-Chen , Lin Chi-Chien , Chen Yi-Hsing
Published: June 2024

Background: Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are major indoor air pollutants. Previous studies reported an association between VOC exposure and allergic diseases. Here, we aimed to explore the relationship between VOC exposure and atopic dermatitis (AD) in adults. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 31 adult AD patients and 11 healthy subjects as controls. Urine metabolite levels of VOCs, including 1.3-butadiene, acrylamide, benzene, toluene, and xylene, were all determined with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The relationship between AD and log-transformed urine levels of VOC metabolites were examined using a multivariate linear regression model adjusted for age and sex. We also treated mouse bone marrow-derived cells (BMMCs) with 1,3-butadiene and toluene and measured the release of β-hexosaminidase. Results: Our results demonstrated that creatinine-corrected urine levels of N-Acetyl-S- (3,4-dihydroxybutyl)-L-cysteine (DHBMA), N-Acetyl-S-(2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteine (GAMA), and N-Acetyl-S-(benzyl)-L-cysteine (BMA) were all elevated in AD patients compared with controls. In a multivariate linear regression model, creatinine-corrected urine levels of BMA (a toluene metabolite) and DHBMA (a 1,3-butadiene metabolite) appeared elevated in AD patients, although statistical significance was not reached after correction for multiple comparisons. In addition, 1,3-butadiene and toluene could stimulate BMMCs to degranulate as much as compound 48/80. Conclusions: Some VOCs, such as 1,3-butadiene and toluene, might be associated with AD pathogenesis in adults.
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer: Evaluation of the Impact on Surgical Outcomes and Prognosis
Authors: Chiappa Corrado , Greta Maltecca , Miriam Leoni , Ietto Giuseppe , Inversini Davide , Ballabio Andrea , Bonetti Alice , Mangano Alberto , Gueli Rossana , Carcano Giulio , Rovera Francesca Angela
Published: June 2024

The correlation between TNM staging and histology variations in a sample of patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy demonstrates a positive impact on both increasing conservative surgery and achieving pCR, resulting in better outcomes in terms of disease-free survival (DFS) and the risk of relapse. Benefits have also been highlighted in terms of cosmetic outcomes, postoperative complications, and psychological benefits. However, the overall outcomes must be evaluated according to the subtype and individual characteristics of the patients.
Should Hypervascular Incidentalomas Detected on Per-Interventional Cone Beam Computed Tomography during Intra-Arterial Therapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Impact the Treatment Plan in Patients Waiting for Liver Transplantation?
Authors: Derbel Haytham , Galletto Pregliasco Athena , Mulé Sébastien , Calderaro Julien , Zaarour Youssef , Saccenti Laetitia , Ghosn Mario , Reizine Edouard , Blain Maxime , Laurent Alexis , Brustia Raffaele , Leroy Vincent , Amaddeo Giuliana , Luciani Alain , Tacher Vania , Kobeiter Hicham
Published: June 2024

Background: Current guidelines do not indicate any comprehensive management of hepatic hypervascular incidentalomas (HVIs) discovered in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients during intra-arterial therapies (IATs). This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of HVIs detected on per-interventional cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) during IAT for HCC in patients waiting for liver transplantation (LT). Material and methods: In this retrospective single-institutional study, all liver-transplanted HCC patients between January 2014 and December 2018 who received transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or radioembolization (TARE) before LT were included. The number of ≥10 mm HCCs diagnosed on contrast-enhanced pre-interventional imaging (PII) was compared with that detected on per-interventional CBCT with a nonparametric Wilcoxon test. The correlation between the presence of an HVI and histopathological criteria associated with poor prognosis (HPP) on liver explants was investigated using the chi-square test. Tumor recurrence (TR) and TR-related mortality were investigated using the chi-square test. Recurrence-free survival (RFS), TR-related survival (TRRS), and overall survival (OS) were assessed according to the presence of HVI using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Results: Among 63 included patients (average age: 59 ± 7 years, H/F = 50/13), 36 presented HVIs on per-interventional CBCT. The overall nodule detection rate of per-interventional CBCT was superior to that of PII (median at 3 [Q1:2, Q3:5] vs. 2 [Q1:1, Q3:3], respectively, p < 0.001). No significant correlation was shown between the presence of HVI and HPP (p = 0.34), TR (p = 0.095), and TR-related mortality (0.22). Kaplan–Meier analysis did not show a significant impact of the presence of HVI on RFS (p = 0.07), TRRS (0.48), or OS (p = 0.14). Conclusions: These results may indicate that the treatment plan during IAT should not be impacted or modified in response to HVI detection.
Timing of Resection of Spinal Meningiomas and Its Influence on Quality of Life and Treatment
Authors: Schwake Michael , Said Wesam , Gallus Marco , Maragno Emanuele , Schipmann Stephanie , Spille Dorothee , Stummer Walter , Brokinkel Benjamin
Published: June 2024

Background: The main treatment modality for spinal meningiomas (SM) is gross total resection (GTR). However, the optimal timing of surgery, especially in cases with absent or mild neurological symptoms, remains unclear. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of early-stage resection on neurological outcome, quality of life (QoL), and quality of care. The primary objective is a favorable neurological outcome (McCormick scale 1). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from patients who underwent operations for SM between 2011 and 2021. Patients with mild neurological symptoms preoperatively (McCormick scale 1 and 2) were compared to those with more severe neurological symptoms (McCormick scale 3–5). Disabilities and QoL were assessed according to validated questionnaires (SF-36, ODI, NDI). Results: Age, spinal cord edema, thoracic localization, and spinal canal occupancy ratio were associated with more severe neurological symptoms (all p < 0.05). Patients presenting with mild symptoms were associated with favorable neurological outcomes (OR: 14.778 (95%CI 3.918–55.746, p < 0.001)), which is associated with shorter hospitalization, better QoL, and fewer disabilities (p < 0.05). Quality of care was comparable in both cohorts. Conclusions: Early surgical intervention for SM, before the development of severe neurological deficits, should be considered as it is associated with a favorable neurological outcome and quality of life.
Telomere Length in Adolescent and Young Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer
Authors: Park Meerim , Lee Dong-Eun , Hong Yuna , Suh Jin Kyung , Lee Jun Ah , Kim Myungshin , Park Hyeon Jin
Published: June 2024

We examined the leukocyte relative telomere length (RTL) in Korean adolescent and young adult (AYA) survivors of childhood cancer and evaluated the association of leukocyte RTL with multiple factors, including malignancy type, cancer treatment, age, and chronic health conditions (CHCs). Eighty-eight AYA survivors of childhood cancer with a median follow-up period of 73 months were recruited. RTL in pediatric cancer survivors was not significantly shorter than the predicted value for age-matched references. Neither age at diagnosis nor duration of therapy influenced the RTL. Among the 43 patients with hematologic malignancies, those who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) showed a significant shortening of the RTL compared with those who did not (p = 0.039). Among the 15 patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT, those who developed acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) of grade II or higher had significantly shorter RTL than those who did not (p = 0.012). Patients with grade II CHCs had significantly shorter RTL than those without CHCs or with grade I CHCs (p = 0.001). Survivors with ≥2 CHCs also exhibited shorter RTL (p = 0.027). Overall, pediatric cancer survivors had similar telomere lengths compared to age-matched references. HSCT recipients and patients with severe or multiple CHCs had shorter telomeres. GVHD augmented telomere attrition in HSCT recipients.
Incidence and Characteristics of Multiple Primary Cancers: A 20-Year Retrospective Study of a Single Cancer Center in Korea
Authors: Kwon Jin-Hee , Kim Heyjin , Lee Jin Kyung , Hong Young Jun , Kang Hye Jin , Jang Yoon Jung
Published: June 2024

Rising cancer survival rates have led to an increased risk of multiple primary cancers (MPCs). Data on MPCs in South Korea are limited. This study aimed to address incidence and clinical characteristics of MPCs in a single cancer center in Korea during a 20-year period. We retrospectively analyzed 96,174 cancer patients at the Korea Cancer Center Hospital between 2003 and 2022, identifying 2167 patients with metachronous MPCs based on Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results SEER criteria. We categorized patients by cancer type (15 major solid cancer groups and 3 major hematologic cancer groups), including pathological diagnosis, assessed latency periods, and relative risks (RRs) for developing MPCs. The overall MPC incidence was 2.3%. Breast cancer (15.7%) was the most common primary cancer, and lung cancer (15.2%) was the most frequent second primary cancer. The median latency period for second primary cancers was 4.1 years. Decreasing latency periods for third and fourth primary cancers were observed (2.1 years and 1.6 years, respectively). Most cancers maintained their dominant pathological type despite notable changes in the prevalence of specific pathologies for certain types of second primaries. Lymphoma showed the highest RR (2.1) for developing MPCs. Significant associations were found between specific primary and subsequent cancers, including breast–ovary, thyroid–breast, stomach–pancreas, colorectal–head and neck, lung–prostate, and lymphoma–myeloid neoplasms. These findings contribute to a better understanding of MPC occurrence. They can inform future research on their etiology and development of improved management strategies.
Monte Carlo-Based Nanoscale Dosimetry Holds Promise for Radiopharmaceutical Therapy Involving Auger Electron Emitters
Authors: Kwon Ohyun , Hoffman Sabrina L. V. , Ellison Paul A. , Bednarz Bryan P.
Published: June 2024

Radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) is evolving as a promising strategy for treating cancer. As interest grows in short-range particles, like Auger electrons, understanding the dose–response relationship at the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) level has become essential. In this study, we used the Geant4-DNA toolkit to evaluate DNA damage caused by the Auger-electron-emitting isotope I-125. We compared the energy deposition and single strand break (SSB) yield at each base pair location in a short B-form DNA (B-DNA) geometry with existing simulation and experimental data, considering both physical direct and chemical indirect hits. Additionally, we evaluated dosimetric differences between our high-resolution B-DNA target and a previously published simple B-DNA geometry. Overall, our benchmarking results for SSB yield from I-125 decay exhibited good agreement with both simulation and experimental data. Using this simulation, we then evaluated the SSB and double strand break (DSB) yields caused by a theranostic Br-77-labeled poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor radiopharmaceutical. The results indicated a predominant contribution of chemical indirect hits over physical direct hits in generating SSB and DSB. This study lays the foundation for future investigations into the nano-dosimetric properties of RPT.
The Taxonomic Status of Genera within the Fabeae (Vicieae), with a Special Focus on Pisum
Authors: Ellis T. H. Noel , Smýkal Petr , Maxted Nigel , Coyne Clarice J. , Domoney Claire , Burstin Judith , Bouchenak-Khelladi Yanis , Chayut Noam
Published: June 2024

The taxonomy of the tribe Fabeae (Vicieae) has long been problematic, but an analysis by Schaefer et al. in 2012 gave an exceptionally clear view of the tribe and noted the possibility that some nomenclatural adjustments may be required at some future date. These authors suggested several options, expressing some preferences. However, there has been a recent change to formally accepted names, implementing one of these possibilities, but without any additional relevant information. This change seems unjustified and unhelpful. We therefore present an argument for the retention, or re-instatement, of the genera Pisum, Vavilovia, and Lens until such time as new data support this requirement and there is no nomenclatural solution that is both accurate and convenient.
Information Theory in Emerging Wireless Communication Systems and Networks
Authors: Koyuncu Erdem
Published: June 2024

Wireless communication systems and networks are rapidly evolving to meet the increasing demands for higher data rates, better reliability, and connectivity anywhere, anytime [...]
Can Remittance Promote Tourism Income and Inclusive Gender Employment? Function of Migration in the South African Economy
Authors: Makwembere Sandra , Acha-Anyi Paul , Asaleye Abiola John , Garidzirai Rufaro
Published: June 2024

With globalisation and international trade, remittances and migration significantly influence economic activities, yet their impact on tourism income and gender-specific employment remains under-researched. This study uses autoregressive distributed lags and Granger causality to examine the effects of remittances and migration on tourism income and employment in South Africa. Three models are established as follows: for aggregate employment, male employment, and female employment, each with equations for tourism income and employment. Key findings from this study indicate that remittances significantly drive tourism income in both the short and long run across all models. Conversely, employment negatively impacts tourism income, hinting at sectoral trade-offs. Migration positively affects tourism income in the short run for male and aggregate models but is insignificant for female employment. Remittances boost male employment in both the short and long run, whereas their impact on female employment is significant only in the long run. Causality analysis shows a bidirectional relationship among employment indicators, with unidirectional causality from remittances to migration and from migration to income. This study recommends policies to support remittance inflows and their productive use in tourism, along with targeted interventions to reduce gender disparities in employment and promote equitable economic opportunities.
Cost-Effectiveness of Predictive Maintenance for Offshore Wind Farms: A Case Study
Authors: Frederiksen Rasmus Dovnborg , Bocewicz Grzegorz , Radzki Grzegorz , Banaszak Zbigniew , Nielsen Peter
Published: June 2024

The successful implementation of predictive maintenance for offshore wind farms suffers from a poor understanding of the consequential short-term impacts and a lack of research on how to evaluate the cost-efficiency of such efforts. This paper aims to develop a methodology to explore the short-term marginal impacts of predictive maintenance applied to an already existing preventive maintenance strategy. This method will be based on an analysis of the performance of the underlying predictive model and the costs considered under specific maintenance services. To support this analysis, we develop a maintenance efficiency measure able to estimate the efficiency of both the underlying prediction model used for predictive maintenance and the resulting maintenance efficiency. This distinction between the efficiency of the model and the service results will help point out insufficiencies in the predictive maintenance strategy, as well as facilitate calculations on the cost–benefits of the predictive maintenance implementation. This methodology is validated on a realistic case study of an annual service mission for an offshore wind farm and finds that the efficiency metrics described in this paper successfully support cost–benefit estimates.
Coordinated Charging Scheduling Approach for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Considering Multi-Objective Weighting Control in a Large-Scale Future Smart Grid
Authors: Li Wei , Shi Jiekai , Zhou Hanyun
Published: June 2024

The growing popularity of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) is due to their environmental advantages. But uncoordinated charging of a large number of PHEVs can lead to a significant surge in peak loads and higher charging costs for PHEV owners. To end this, this paper introduces an innovative approach to address the issue by proposing a multi-objective weighting control for coordinated charging of PHEVs in a future smart grid, which aims to find an economically optimal solution while also considering load stabilization with large-scale PHEV penetration. Technical constraints related to the owner’s demand and power limitations are considered. In the proposed approach, the charging behavior of PHEV owners is modeled by a normal distribution. It is observed that owners typically start charging their vehicles when they arrive home and stop charging when they go to their workplace. The charging cost is then calculated based on the tiered electricity price and charging power. By adjusting the cost weighting factor and the load stability weighting factor in the multi-objective function, the grid allows for flexible weight selection between the two objectives. This approach effectively encourages owners to actively participate in coordinated charging scheduling, which sets it apart from existing works. The algorithm offers better robustness and adaptability for large-scale PHEV penetration, making it highly relevant for the future smart grid. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the desirable performance of theory and simulation.
Advancements and Prospects of Hydrogel Sweat Cooling Technology in Multiphase Heat Transfer Applications: A Review
Authors: Xu Liang , Li Jiren , Xi Lei , Li Yunlong , Gao Jianmin
Published: June 2024

Hydrogel sweat cooling is one of the leading areas in the study of multiphase heat transfer. In this study, the principles, applications, current research status, and future trends of hydrogel sweat cooling technology are comprehensively reviewed. By combing through and analyzing the relevant literature, the research progress in hydrogel sweat cooling is presented from the application perspective, including its use in electronic devices, buildings, and clean-energy facilities. The principle of each application is illustrated, the research status is established, and pros and cons are proposed. To provide inspiration for future research, the development trend is set out. Our literature review indicates that research on advanced hydrogels is the most promising research direction, including studies on the effect of environmental and indoor factors on sweat cooling performance through numerical, experimental, and theoretical means. Challenges for future research mainly include conducting hydrogel numerical analysis which can be experimentally verified, developing advanced hydrogels in a green way, and achieving the precise regulation of hydrogel control through intelligent methods. Interdisciplinary integration might be promising as well due to the fact that it can reveal the hydrogel sweat cooling mechanism from a different perspective. This study aims to promote multiphase cooling technology in exploring the application of hydrogels in energy utilization criteria.
Evaluation of Growth and Energy Parameters of One-Year-Old Raspberry Shoots, Depending on the Variety
Authors: Maj Grzegorz , Buczyński Kamil , Klimek Kamila E. , Kapłan Magdalena
Published: June 2024

The article examines the influence of six varieties of primocane raspberries, Rubus idaeus L., on the growth parameters and energy properties of the biomass. The unique aim of this study was to show the impact of primocane raspberry varieties, grown for a single harvest, on the growth parameters of the bushes and the energy and emission characteristics of the biomass obtained from the pruned canes. To the best of our knowledge, there is no such analysis connected to varieties of raspberries available in the literature. The following primocane raspberries were assessed: Polana, Polesie, Delniwa, Poemat, Polonez, and Poranek. Among the studied raspberry varieties, Polana was characterized by the highest number of side shoots and the greatest sum of the shoot lengths, while the Polonez variety was characterized by the highest average shoot length and shoot thickness. In the tested raspberry varieties, the weight of the shoots per hectare varied significantly, ranging from 6.06 t in the Poranek variety to 9.05 t in the Delniwa variety. It was shown that the raspberry variety had a significant impact on the higher heating value (HHV) and the lower heating value (LHV). The lowest energy value was found in the Delniwa (HHV—17.32 MJ·kg−1; LHV—16.07 MJ·kg−1) and Polana (HHV—17.33 MJ·kg−1, LHV—16.19 MJ·kg−1) varieties, and the significantly highest value was observed in the Poranek variety (HHV—17.63 MJ·kg−1, LHV—16.39 MJ·kg−1). The assessment of the total volume of exhaust gases showed the highest value of this parameter for the Polesie and Delniwa varieties (6.89 m3·kg−1), with the lowest for the Polana variety (6.69 m3·kg−1).
The Formulation of a Natural Detergent with a Biosurfactant Cultivated in a Low-Cost Medium for Use in Coastal Environmental Remediation
Authors: da Silva Ivison A. , de Almeida Fabíola Carolina G. , Alves Romulo N. , Cunha Maristela C. C. , de Oliveira Jéssica Cristina M. , Fernandes Mucio Luiz B. , Sarubbo Leonie A.
Published: June 2024

Green surfactants have significant potential for improving environmental remediation methods. The aim of the present study was to formulate a green natural detergent containing the biosurfactant produced by Starmerella bombicola ATCC 22214 grown in 1.2% canola oil, 10% sucrose, and 0.5% corn steep liquor. The biosurfactant reduced surface tension to 31.84 mN/m and was produced at a yield of 22 g/L. Twelve formulations were proposed using cottonseed oil as the natural solvent and different stabilisers (vegetable wax, hydroxyethyl cellulose, and sodium alginate). The detergent was evaluated for its emulsifying capacity and stability over a 10-day period. Ecotoxicity was investigated using the marine recruitment test on metal plates covered with paint into which the biosurfactant was incorporated as well as tests with a microcrustacean and vegetable seeds. The formulation designated H, consisting of 1% biosurfactant, 40% cottonseed oil, and 2% hydroxyethyl cellulose, achieved the best results. The formulation exhibited both stability and emulsifying capacity (100% of petroleum). The ecotoxicity tests revealed the safety of the natural detergent. The detergent achieved satisfactory oil dispersion and solubilised 98% of the oil impregnated on the rock. The results indicate that the natural detergent holds promise for efficiently cleaning up environmental areas contaminated with oil and petroleum products.
Exploring Growth Patterns of Maurolicus muelleri across Three Northeast Atlantic Regions
Authors: Alvarez Paula , Aldanondo Naroa , Wieczorek Alina M. , Cariou Thibault , Boyra Guillermo , Grimaldo Eduardo , Melle Webjørn , Klevjer Thor
Published: June 2024

Maurolicus muelleri is an important component of mesopelagic ecosystems; nevertheless, we possess only limited knowledge about its biological features. We collected samples of M. muelleri from six scientific surveys between 2019 and 2021 in three geographical areas in the Northeast Atlantic waters (from South to North): the Bay of Biscay, the Celtic Sea, and the Norwegian Sea. Geographical variations in otolith growth, fish age, length, weight, and condition, as well as length–weight relationships and von Bertalanffy growth models (VBGMs), were investigated. Length-weight relationships revealed differences associated with the fish’s origin, paralleling the annual and daily otolith growth. VBGM parameters increased progressively northwards, in accordance with Bergmann’s rules. Fish length was positively related to the otolith radio, and Lee’s phenomenon was undetected. The impact of environmental variables, such as temperature and food availability, is debated, with these considered potential drivers of this variability. Populations may belong to separated units, either genetically or morphologically, representing differences in biological parameters as a signal of geographical divergence.
Minor Loss Coefficient for Abrupt Section Changes in a Cylindrical Pipe Using a Numerical Approach
Authors: González José , Meana-Fernández Andrés , Pérez Iván Vallejo , Oro Jesús M. Fernández
Published: June 2024

Abrupt section changes are a classic problem in the study of flow in cylindrical ducts or pipes. For its analysis, there are a wide set of exiting data from previous studies, among which some authors stand out and will be mentioned. Those previous works have been used to obtain reliable results for the resolution of section changes along a pipe, either due to cross area increases or reductions on a 1D basis. It is also known that a numerical 2D axisymmetric simulation (CFD) could find a consistent result compared to experimental data in almost all fluid flow fields. The main novelty of the present study is the development of a simple numerical approach used to solve the minor loss calculation. Firstly, a theoretical analysis is developed, and then the results of the numerical simulations carried out on the behavior that affects the water and air flow rate in an abrupt section change, for both contraction and expansion problems, are presented. In both cases, the results are analyzed with different meshes (discretizations) and turbulence models. Finally, the obtained numerical results are compared with those in the technical literature. Also, a theoretical approach is shown in order to show a whole frame of the discussion. The core results are the loss coefficient evolution as a function of the section change both for the sudden contraction and the expansion of a pipe flow. As the results follow the existing experimental values, it is concluded that the developed model provides a feasible and quick design tool to analyze possible geometrical changes without the need for further experiments.
Stability of Propolis Phenolics during Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Procedures
Authors: Malenica Mladenka , Biesaga Magdalena , Pedisić Sandra , Martinović Lara Saftić
Published: June 2024

Propolis has gained popularity in recent years as a potential preventive and therapeutic agent due to its numerous health benefits, which include immune system boosting, blood pressure lowering, allergy treatment, and skin disease treatment. The pharmacological activity of propolis is primarily attributed to phenolics and their interactions with other compounds. Given that phenols account for most of propolis’s biological activity, various extraction methods are being developed. The resin–wax composition of the propolis matrix necessitates the development of an extraction procedure capable of breaking matrix–phenol bonds while maintaining phenol stability. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the stability of two major groups of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and phenolic acids, in propolis methanol/water 50/50 (v/v) extracts obtained after ultrasound-assisted extraction (USE) under different extraction parameters (extraction time and pH) and heat reflux extraction (HRE). The methodology involved varying the USE parameters, including extraction time (5, 10, and 15 min) and pH (2 and 7), followed by analysis using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to quantify phenolic recoveries. Results revealed that benzoic acid and chlorogenic acid derivatives demonstrated excellent stability across all ultrasound extraction procedures. The recoveries of flavonoids were highly diverse, with luteolin, quercitrin, and hesperetin being the most stable. Overall, neutral pH improved flavonoid recovery, whereas phenolic acids remained more stable at pH = 2. The most important optimization parameter was USE time, and it was discovered that 15 min of ultrasound resulted in the best recoveries for most of the phenols tested, implying that phenols bind strongly to the propolis matrix and require ultrasound to break the bond. However, the high variability in phenol extraction and recovery after spiking the propolis sample shows that no single extraction method can produce the highest yield of all phenols tested. As a result, when working with a complex matrix like propolis, the extraction techniques and procedures for each phenol need to be optimized.
Mass Spectrometric Study of the Most Common Potential Migrants Extractible from the Inner Coatings of Metallic Beverage Cans
Authors: Beszterda-Buszczak Monika , Kasperkowiak Małgorzata , Teżyk Artur , Augustynowicz Natalia , Frański Rafał
Published: June 2024

Population exposure to endocrine disrupting chemical- bisphenols, which are used commonly in food containers and drinking water pipes in Europe, is above acceptable health and safety levels, according to updated research data. In order to evaluate the most abundant potential migrants in canned sweetened beverages marketed in Poland, we performed the HPLC-MS screening test of the migrants present in the can coating material. The analyzed samples represented the three top-ranked companies of the global soft drink market; it is reasonable to assume that the obtained data are of global validity. The tested can coatings and beverages contained bisphenols conjugates such as five butoxyethanol (BuOEtOH) adducts with bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), one butoxyethanol adduct with bisphenol A monoglycidyl ether (BAMGE), and cyclo-di-BADGE. The performed HPLC-MS/MS analysis in the MRM mode enabled evaluation of the concentrations of the detected conjugates in canned beverages which were found to be very low, namely at the level of 1 µg/L. On the other hand, the high consumption of canned beverages may yield a risk associated with the presence of these compounds in the diet. The subsequent HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS experiments allowed, for the first time, a detailed determination of the fragmentation pathways of the detected migrants as well as detection of the isomers of the two migrants, namely BADGE + BuOEtOH and BADGE + BuOEtOH + HCl.
Preparation and Characterization of Lutein Co-Amorphous Formulation with Enhanced Solubility and Dissolution
Authors: Song Xuening , Luo Yingting , Zhao Wenduo , Liu Simiao , Wang Yuzhuo , Zhang Hao
Published: June 2024

Lutein is an oxygenated fat-soluble carotenoid and a functional compound with proven health benefits for the human body. Nevertheless, the poor water solubility and low oral bioavailability of lutein greatly limit its application. To address this, we developed an effective approach to enhance the water solubility of lutein through co-amorphous formulation. Specifically, the lutein-sucralose co-amorphous mixture was prepared at a molar ratio of 1:1 using ethanol and water as solvents by employing the solvent evaporation method, followed by solid-state characterization and dissolution testing conducted to assess the properties of the formulation. The X-ray diffraction pattern with an amorphous halo and the differential scanning calorimetry thermogram with no sharp melting peaks confirmed the formation of a binary co-amorphous system. Changes in peak shape, position, and intensity observed in the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum revealed intermolecular interactions between lutein and sucralose molecules, while molecular dynamics simulations identified interaction sites between their hydroxyl groups. Additionally, dissolution testing demonstrated better dissolution performance of lutein in the co-amorphous form compared to pure lutein and physical mixture counterparts. Our findings present a novel strategy for improving the water solubility of lutein to make better use of it.
More Luminous Red Novae That Require Jets
Authors: Soker Noam
Published: June 2024

In this paper, I study two intermediate luminosity optical transients (ILOTs), classified as luminous red novae (LRNe), and argue that their modeling with a common envelope evolution (CEE) without jets encounters challenges. LRNe are ILOTs powered by violent binary interaction. Although in the literature it is popular to assume a CEE is the cause of LRNe, I here repeat an old claim that many LRNe are powered by grazing envelope evolution (GEE) events; the GEE might end in a CEE or a detached binary system. I find that the LRN AT 2021biy might have continued to experience mass ejection episodes after its eruption and, therefore, might not have suffered a full CEE during the outburst. This adds to an earlier finding that a jetless model does not account for some of its properties. I find that a suggested jetless CEE model for the LRN AT 2019zhd does not reproduce its photosphere radius evolution. These results that challenge jetless models of two LRNe strengthen a previous claim that jets play major roles in powering ILOTs and shaping their ejecta and that, in many LRNe, the more compact companion launches the jets during a GEE.
Opioid Medical Detoxification Compared to Opioid Agonist Treatment during Pregnancy: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ordean Alice , DeVuono Isabella
Published: June 2024

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is highly prevalent, affecting up to 1% of pregnancies. The current standard of care for the management of OUD during pregnancy has been maintained with opioid agonist treatment (OAT), using either methadone or buprenorphine. OAT use has been associated with a risk of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), which requires a longer neonatal length of stay for monitoring and possible pharmacological treatment. As a result, opioid medical detoxification (OMD) was proposed as an alternative strategy to reduce the stigma associated with OAT and to eliminate the risk of NAS by detoxifying or tapering pregnant persons during their pregnancy before delivery; however, the safety and effectiveness of OMD during pregnancy have not been established. This scoping review aims to summarize recent evidence related to maternal, obstetrical, and neonatal outcomes of OMD in comparison to OAT maintenance. This review also provides recommendations for future research initiatives to fill gaps in managing this patient population.
Exploring Stroke Patients’ Needs: A Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Modified Needs Assessment Questionnaire in a Greek Context
Authors: Paschalidou Katerina , Tsitskari Efi , Tsiakiri Anna , Makri Evangelia , Vlotinou Pinelopi , Vadikolias Konstantinos , Aggelousis Nikolaos
Published: June 2024

Stroke survivors often face diverse unmet needs highlighting the significance of identifying and addressing these needs to enhance rehabilitation outcomes and overall quality of life. This study aimed to validate the modified Needs Assessment Questionnaire (mNAQ) as a reliable and valid tool for assessing the needs of stroke patients in the Greek context. Additionally the research sought to identify potential differences in the assessment of stroke patients’ needs based on their stroke phase and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores. A sample of 71 adult stroke survivors adhering to World Health Organization guidelines and providing autonomous consent participated in the study. The mNAQ comprising 141 items across 12 domains was utilized to evaluate stroke patients’ needs. The NIHSS and Barthel Index (BI) were employed for functional independence and mobility assessment. Data analysis incorporated confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach’s reliability analysis to establish construct validity and internal consistency. Concurrent and known-groups validity analyses were conducted; and Spearman’s rho correlation explored the relationship between mNAQ and BI scores. Non-parametric analyses were applied to identify differences based on stroke phase and NIHSS scores. The study revealed that the mNAQ initially lacked satisfactory psychometric properties in the Greek context. Subsequent modifications guided by confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses resulted in a refined three-factor scale encompassing 31 items in the domains of communication, mobility, and social functioning needs. This adapted measure effectively differentiated between acute and chronic stroke patients and those with minor and moderate strokes. In conclusion, the validated 31-item Greek mNAQ emerges as a crucial tool for comprehensively assessing the needs of stroke patients. Its application holds promise for optimizing post-stroke care improving functional outcomes and ultimately enhancing the overall well-being and quality of life for stroke survivors.
Laser Acupuncture versus Liraglutide in Treatment of Obesity: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yu Wen-Lin , Liao Yu-Ning , Yang Tsung-Hsien , Yang Ching-Wei , Kao Ting-I , Lee Pai-Wei , Hsu Chiu-Yi , Huang Jhen-Ling , Huang Yu-Tung , Chen Hsing-Yu
Published: June 2024

Background: Obesity is a global concern, driving the search for alternative treatments beyond lifestyle changes and medications. Laser acupuncture (LA) shows promise in obesity management, yet few studies compare it with FDA-approved medications. This study aimed to assess and compare LA’s impact with liraglutide on weight reduction in obese individuals. Methods: Data from the Chang Gung Research Database (CGRD) (2013–2018) were analyzed. Primary outcomes included changes in body weight and BMI within 180 days, with secondary outcomes measuring the proportion achieving 5%, 10%, and 15% weight loss. Adverse events were also assessed. Results: Of 745 subjects (173 LA users, 572 liraglutide users), LA users lost more weight by day 180 (5.82 ± 4.39 vs. 2.38 ± 5.75 kg; p < 0.001) and had a greater BMI reduction (−2.27 ± 1.73 vs. −0.93 ± 2.25 kg/m2; p < 0.001). More LA users achieved 5% and 10% weight loss compared to liraglutide users (64.2% vs. 22.7%, 26.6% vs. 4.2%; all p < 0.001). After balancing baseline differences, LA’s benefits remained significant. No adverse events were reported with LA. Conclusions: LA may offer superior weight reduction compared to liraglutide. Future studies should explore LA alone or in combination with liraglutide for obesity management.
Exploring the Cost-Effectiveness of Newborn Screening for Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (MLD) in the UK
Authors: Bean Karen , Jones Simon A. , Chakrapani Anupam , Vijay Suresh , Wu Teresa , Church Heather , Chanson Charlotte , Olaye Andrew , Miller Beckley , Jensen Ivar , Pang Francis
Published: June 2024

Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a fatal inherited lysosomal storage disease that can be detected through newborn bloodspot screening. The feasibility of the screening assay and the clinical rationale for screening for MLD have been previously demonstrated, so the aim of this study is to determine whether the addition of screening for MLD to the routine newborn screening program in the UK is a cost-effective use of National Health Service (NHS) resources. A health economic analysis from the perspective of the NHS and Personal Social Services was developed based on a decision-tree framework for each MLD subtype using long-term outcomes derived from a previously presented partitioned survival and Markov economic model. Modelling inputs for parameters related to epidemiology, test characteristics, screening and treatment costs were based on data from three major UK specialist MLD hospitals, structured expert opinion and published literature. Lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were discounted at 1.5% to account for time preference. Uncertainty associated with the parameter inputs was explored using sensitivity analyses. This health economic analysis demonstrates that newborn screening for MLD is a cost-effective use of NHS resources using a willingness-to-pay threshold appropriate to the severity of the disease; and supports the inclusion of MLD into the routine newborn screening programme in the UK.
Effects of 34 Weeks of Military Service on Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Military Cadets of Angola
Authors: Coge Manuel , Neiva Henrique Pereira , Pereira Ana , Faíl Luís , Ribeiro Bruno , Esteves Dulce
Published: June 2024

Military personnel need physical fitness to effectively carry out operational military activities within their specific field of operation. This research investigates the effects of a 34-week training program on Angolan cadets’ body composition, muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Seventy-four volunteer recruits, aged 18 to 26 years, were monitored during their eight-month military service, following an exercise program protocol comprising 12 weeks of strength training followed by 24 weeks of endurance training. Anthropometric variables, including body mass, body mass index, and fat mass, were assessed, along with cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), sprint performance, countermovement jump (CMJ), medicine ball throw, push-ups, and curl-ups. The physical training protocol encompassed running sessions, strength exercises, agility drills, and flexibility exercises. The initial assessment revealed gender differences in various parameters such as body mass, body fat percentage, VO2max, sprinting, countermovement jump (CMJ), medicine ball throw, and push-ups. Following the training program, changes were observed in all variables (effect size between 0.48 and 2.33, p < 0.01) for the participants. Significant interactions (sex × time) were found in body mass (F = 5.18, p = 0.03, ηp2 = 0.06), body fat percentage (F = 5.31, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.14), and medicine ball throw (F = 10.84, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.13). Specifically, males exhibited a greater reduction in body mass (females: 2.70%, males: 3.47%, p < 0.05) and a substantial improvement in ball throwing performance (females: 7.74%, males: 11.47%, p < 0.01), while females experienced a greater reduction in fat mass (females: 5.34%, males: 3.15%, p < 0.01). The physical training regimen effectively influenced body composition, particularly in enhancing strength performance among males. The integration of exercise programs with military service led to a notable reduction in fat tissue and an increase in lean tissue. Hence, the development of tailored training protocols is imperative to enhance the physical capacity and overall health of military recruits, considering sex-specific characteristics and physical attributes.
Impact of Color Space and Color Resolution on Vehicle Recognition Models
Authors: Ghanem Sally , Holliman John H.
Published: June 2024

In this study, we analyze both linear and nonlinear color mappings by training on versions of a curated dataset collected in a controlled campus environment. We experiment with color space and color resolution to assess model performance in vehicle recognition tasks. Color encodings can be designed in principle to highlight certain vehicle characteristics or compensate for lighting differences when assessing potential matches to previously encountered objects. The dataset used in this work includes imagery gathered under diverse environmental conditions, including daytime and nighttime lighting. Experimental results inform expectations for possible improvements with automatic color space selection through feature learning. Moreover, we find there is only a gradual decrease in model performance with degraded color resolution, which suggests the need for simplified data collection and processing. By focusing on the most critical features, we could see improved model generalization and robustness, as the model becomes less prone to overfitting to noise or irrelevant details in the data. Such a reduction in resolution will lower computational complexity, leading to quicker training and inference times.