bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unexpected difficult airway due to an undiagnosed congenital lingual thyroglossal duct cyst in a neonate without stridor: A case report
Authors: Kohashi Yoshiki , Yamamoto Tomohiro , Igarashi Miki , Nishimaki Hironobu
Published: February 2022

Lingual thyroglossal duct cysts can be a rare cause of feeding difficulties in infants. Here, we describe a case of an infant with vomiting and feeding difficulty diagnosed with Hirschsprung's disease. However, she developed an unexpected difficult airway during anesthesia induction due to an undiagnosed lingual thyroglossal duct cyst.
Incompetent saphenous vein in patients with lower leg dermatitis and cramps
Authors: Iwama Eimei , Yokoyama Kae , Ikeda Takaharu , Kawakami Tamihiro
Published: February 2022

We recruited lower leg dermatitis patients at our department between 2018 and 2021. The patients were divided into two groups, those with incompetent great saphenous vein and/or small saphenous vein (Group 1; n = 8) and those without (Group 2; n = 22). The prevalence of cramps and/or aching in Group 1 patients was significantly higher than that in Group 2 patients.
Thomas Hirth zum 60.
Authors: Förster Andreas
Published: February 2022

No abstract.
Enantioselectivity Tunable Gold‐Catalyzed Intermolecular [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of N‐Allenamides with Nitrones
Authors: Xu Bing , Zhang Zhan‐Ming , Han Jie , Gu Guangxin , Zhang Junliang
Published: February 2022

Comprehensive Summary

A highly enantioselective gold‐catalyzed intermolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition of N‐allenamides with nitrones was realized by the application of Ming‐Phos M6 as a chiral ligand. Both enantiomers of the cycloadducts with opposite configuration could be obtained in high yields with high regio‐ and enantioselectivity by the employment of either diastereomer of the chiral ligand. The acidic N—H bond (hydrogen bonding) of sulfinamide moiety of Ming‐Phos and pentaflurophenyl substituent (fluorine effect) may play important roles in enhancement of enantioselectivity, that is, Ming‐Phos is a multifunctional ligand in this transformation.
Obstructive sleep apnea in patients with acute aortic dissection
Authors: Friend Evan J. , Leinveber Pavel , Orban Marek , Hochhold John , Svatikova Anna , Somers Virend K. , Pressman Gregg S.
Published: February 2022

Background

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) imposes an afterload burden on the left ventricle and increases the pressure gradient across the aortic wall. Thus, OSA may increase the risk for aortic dissection (AD).

Methods

This study enrolled 40 subjects with acute AD from four institutions; 37 completed the modified Berlin Questionnaire and 31 underwent attended overnight polysomnography. Aortic diameter was measured on a computed tomography scan at seven locations from the sinotubular junction to the diaphragm.

Results

Twenty‐seven subjects had type A dissection; 13 had type B. In those who had polysomnography apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) ranged from 0.7 to 89. Prevalence of OSA (AHI ≥ 5) was 61%. Nocturnal presentation (10 p.m.–7 a.m.) did not differ by presence/absence of OSA. The modified Berlin Questionnaire was not predictive of the presence of OSA. Among type A subjects with polysomnography (n = 23), aortic diameters at all locations were greater in the OSA group though differences were not statistically significant. Summating aortic diameters at the seven locations also yielded a numerically larger mean value in the OSA group versus the non‐OSA group.

Conclusions

In this sample of patients with acute dissection, OSA was prevalent but was not associated with a nocturnal presentation. The presence of underlying OSA may be associated with larger aortic diameters at the time of dissection compared to patients without OSA. Though differences did not meet statistical significance the current series is limited by small numbers.
Extended particle swarm optimization for feature selection of high‐dimensional biomedical data
Authors: Al‐Shammary Dhiah , Albukhnefis Adil L. , Alsaeedi Ali Hakem , Al‐Asfoor Muntasir
Published: February 2022

This paper proposes a novel Extended Particle Swarm Optimization model (EPSO) that potentially enhances the search process of PSO for optimization problem. Evidently, gene expression profiles are significantly important measurement factor in molecular biology that is used in medical diagnosis of cancer types. The challenge to certain classification methodologies for gene expression profiles lies in the thousands of features recorded for each sample. A modified Wrapper feature selection model is applied with the aim of addressing the gene classification challenge by replacing its randomness approach with EPSO and PSO, respectively. EPSO is initializing the random size of the population and dividing them into two groups in order to promote the exploration and reduce the probability of falling in stagnation. Experimentally, EPSO has required less processing time to select the optimal features (average of 62.14 s) than PSO (average of 95.72 s). Furthermore, EPSO accuracy has provided better classification results (start from 54% to 100%) than PSO (start from 52% to 96%).
Low power hardware design and its mathematical modeling for fast‐exact geolocalization system in wireless networks
Authors: zaidi Monji , Bouazzi Imen , Al‐Rayif Mohammed Ibrahim , Shamim Mohammed Zubair Mohammed , Usman Mohammed
Published: February 2022

A significant goal in achieving position calculation is to reduce and simplify the instructions that the Mobile Station (MS) has to accomplish in the location determination algorithm. Standard techniques widely used in many applications can be classified into Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Angle of Arrival (AoA), Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA), and Time of Arrival (ToA). However, all are almost determined by the standard trigonometric complex computation methods that are usually implemented in software where the complexity is considerable. The development of a simple and efficient technique for MS location estimation is the main objective of this paper. To design a modern hardware‐oriented algorithm, a new approach using simple Add‐and‐Shift operations in the computation is proposed and it can be implemented in a hardware target. In order to accelerate the geopositioning process, the Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer (CORDIC) algorithm has been used in this proposal. The proposed algorithm is simpler and faster than conventional ones; thus, complexity in terms of time, power consumption, and chip area has been reduced. Therefore, the algorithm is suitable for applications with limited computational and power resources. Based on comparisons with the state‐of‐the‐art algorithms, it is concluded that the proposed technique is more exact and less complex.
A study of the longitudinal changes in multiple cerebrospinal fluid and volumetric magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers on converter and non‐converter Alzheimer's disease subjects with consideration for their amyloid beta status
Authors: Morar Ulyana , Izquierdo Walter , Martin Harold , Forouzannezhad Parisa , Zarafshan Elaheh , Unger Elona , Bursac Zoran , Cabrerizo Mercedes , Barreto Armando , Vaillancourt David E. , DeKosky Steven T. , Loewenstein David , Duara Ranjan , Adjouadi Malek
Published: February 2022

Introduction

This study aims to determine whether newly introduced biomarkers Visinin‐like protein‐1 (VILIP‐1), chitinase‐3‐like protein 1 (YKL‐40), synaptosomal‐associated protein 25 (SNAP‐25), and neurogranin (NG) in cerebrospinal fluid are useful in evaluating the asymptomatic and early symptomatic stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It further aims to shed new insight into the differences between stable subjects and those who progress to AD by associating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) regions with disease progression, more deeply exploring how such biomarkers relate to AD pathology.

Methods

We examined baseline and longitudinal changes over a 7‐year span and the longitudinal interactions between CSF and MRI biomarkers for subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). We stratified all CSF (140) and MRI (525) cohort participants into five diagnostic groups (including converters) further dichotomized by CSF amyloid beta (Aβ) status. Linear mixed models were used to compare within‐person rates of change across diagnostic groups and to evaluate the association of CSF biomarkers as predictors of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers. CSF biomarkers and disease‐prone MRI regions are assessed for CSF proteins levels and brain structural changes.

Results

VILIP‐1 and SNAP‐25 displayed within‐person increments in early symptomatic, amyloid‐positive groups. CSF amyloid‐positive (Aβ+) subjects showed elevated baseline levels of total tau (tTau), phospho‐tau181 (pTau), VILIP‐1, and NG. YKL‐40, SNAP‐25, and NG are positively intercorrelated. Aβ+ subjects showed negative MRI biomarker changes. YKL‐40, tTau, pTau, and VILIP‐1 are longitudinally associated with MRI biomarkers atrophy.

Discussion

Converters (CNc, MCIc) highlight the evolution of biomarkers during the disease progression. Results show that underlying amyloid pathology is associated with accelerated cognitive impairment. CSF levels of Aβ42, pTau, tTau, VILIP‐1, and SNAP‐25 show utility to discriminate between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) converter and control subjects (CN). Higher levels of YKL‐40 in the Aβ+ group were longitudinally associated with declines in temporal pole and entorhinal thickness. Increased levels of tTau, pTau, and VILIP‐1 in the Aβ+ groups were longitudinally associated with declines in hippocampal volume. These CSF biomarkers should be used in assessing the characterization of the AD progression.
Vascular risk profile and white matter hyperintensity volume among Mexican Americans and non‐Hispanic Whites: The HABLE study
Authors: King Kevin S. , Vintimilla Raul M , Braskie Meredith N , Wei Ke , Hall James R , Borzage Matt , Johnson Leigh A , Yaffe Kristine , Toga Arthur W , O'Bryant Sid E ,   for the HABLE Study Team
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Among vascular risk factors we hypothesized that an increased prevalence of diabetes in Hispanics would be associated with greater white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, which may contribute to cognitive decline.

Methods

A total of 1318 participants (60% female; 49% Hispanic, 51% non‐Hispanic White; age 66.2 ± 8.9 years) underwent clinical evaluation and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). WMH volume associations were assessed with age, sex, and ethnicity and then with vascular risk factors in a selective regression model.

Results

WMH volume was greater with older age (P < .0001), Hispanic ethnicity (P = .02), and female sex (P = .049). WMH volume was best predicted by age, diastolic blood pressure, hypertension history, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), white blood cell count, and hematocrit (P < .01 for all). Elevated HbA1c was associated with greater WMH volume among Hispanics (parameter estimate 0.08 ± 0.02, P < .0001) but not non‐Hispanic Whites (parameter estimate 0.02 ± 0.04, P = .5).

Discussion

WMH volume was greater in Hispanics, which may be partly explained by increased WMH volume related to elevated HbA1c among Hispanics but not non‐Hispanic Whites.
Population attributable fraction of modifiable risk factors for dementia in Chile
Authors: Vergara Rodrigo C. , Zitko Pedro , Slachevsky Andrea , San Martin Consuelo , Delgado Carolina
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Projected dementia incidence in Latin America and the Caribbean for the next decades is overwhelming. Access to local data, stratified by sex, is imperative for planning precise dementia‐prevention strategies.

Methods

We analyzed the individual and overall weighted population attributable fraction (PAF) of nine modifiable risk factors for dementia, in dementia‐free subjects ≥45‐years‐old, using the 2016‐2017 Chilean National Health Survey.

Results

The overall weighted PAF for modifiable risk factors was 45.8% (42.2% to 49.3%). Variables with the highest PAF were lower education, high blood pressure, hearing loss, and obesity. Women showed a greater overall weighted PAF: 50.7% (45.3% to ‐56.1%), compared to men: 40.2% (35.4% to 45.0%), driven by a higher PAF for physical inactivity and depression in women.

Discussion

The PAF for modifiable risk factors for dementia in Chile is higher than in previous world reports, due to a greater prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. Women have a higher potential for dementia prevention.

HIGHLIGHTS

The proportion of dementia associated to modifiable risk factors in Chile is 45.8%.

The main modifiable risk factors are high blood pressure, obesity, and hearing loss.

Women had a greater prevalence of physical inactivity and depression than men.

Chile had a greater prevalence of metabolic risk factors than other world regions.
Long‐term monitoring of IOX4 in horse hair and its longitudinal distribution with segmental analysis using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization Q Exactive high‐resolution mass spectrometry for the purpose of doping control
Authors: Ishii Hideaki , Shibuya Mariko , So Yat‐Ming , Wong Jenny K. Y. , Ho Emmie N. M. , Kusano Kanichi , Sone Yu , Kamiya Takahiro , Wakuno Ai , Ito Hideki , Miyata Kenji , Yamada Masayuki , Leung Gary Ngai‐Wa
Published: February 2022

IOX4, a hypoxia‐inducible factor stabilizer, is classified as a banned substance for horses in both horse racing and equestrian sports. We recently reported the pharmacokinetic profiles of IOX4 in horse plasma and urine and also identified potential monitoring targets for the doping control purpose. In this study, a long‐term longitudinal analysis of IOX4 in horse hair after a nasoesophageal administration of IOX4 (500 mg/day for 3 days) to three thoroughbred mares is presented for the first time for controlling the abuse/misuse of IOX4. Six bunches of mane hair were collected at 0 (pre), 1, 2, 3, and 6 month(s) postadministration. Our results showed that the presence of IOX4 was identified in all postadministration horse hair samples, but no metabolite could be detected. The detection window for IOX4 could achieve up to 6‐month postadministration (last sampling point) by monitoring IOX4 in hair. In order to evaluate the longitudinal distribution of IOX4 over 6 months, a validated quantification method of IOX4 in hair was developed for the analysis of the postadministration samples. Segmental analysis of 2‐cm cut hair across the entire length of postadministration hair showed that IOX4 could be quantified up to the level of 1.84 pg/mg. In addition, it was found that the movement of the incorporated IOX4 band in the hair shaft over 6 months varied among the three horses due to individual variation and a significant diffusion of IOX4 band up to 10 cm width was also observed in the 6‐month postadministration hair samples.
Hyper‐palatable food consumption during binge‐eating episodes: A comparison of intake during binge eating and restricting
Authors: Bjorlie Kayla , Forbush Kelsie T. , Chapa Danielle A.N. , Richson Brianne N. , Johnson Sarah N. , Fazzino Tera L.
Published: February 2022

Objective

The study aim was to elucidate the degree to which hyper‐palatable foods (HPF) are consumed during binge episodes compared to restricting episodes, and to test the association between HPF intake during each episode and respective episode frequency.

Method

This study was a secondary analysis of data from a larger study on eating disorders. The present sample included adults (N = 147, 83% women) diagnosed with sub‐threshold (41%) or full‐threshold (59%) bulimia nervosa (BN). Foods consumed during binge and restricting episodes were assessed using the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory–Clinician Rated Version. A standardized definition of HPF developed previously was applied to foods consumed during binge and restricting episodes. A Wilcoxon matched‐pairs signed‐rank test was used to test the difference between total caloric intake from HPF (KcalHPF) and percentage of caloric intake from HPF (PercHPF) during binge episodes relative to restricting episodes. Four linear regression models tested HPF intake (KcalHPF and PercHPF) during both episode types (binge and restricting) as predictors of respective episode frequency.

Results

There was a significant difference between median KcalHPF (1846.6 vs. 279.6; Z = −13.38, p < .001) and PercHPF during binge compared to restricting episodes (95% vs. 61%; Z = −7.35, p < .001). Regression analyses demonstrated that KcalHPF during binge episodes was significantly associated with binge episode frequency (B = 0.002; p < .001), but not PercHPF (p = .287).

Discussion

Results suggest that HPF may be primarily consumed during binge episodes among individuals with BN, and may be associated with greater binge‐eating frequency.

Public Significance

Findings from the current study support an underlying assumption of theoretical models of binge eating, suggesting that highly rewarding, hyper‐palatable foods (HPF), may constitute the vast majority of energy intake during binge‐eating episodes. Additionally, a substantial amount of energy intake from HPF may occur during restricting episodes among people with bulimia nervosa. Greater HPF intake during binge eating may also be associated with binge‐eating severity.
Single arterial access for Ecpella and jugular venous cannulation provides full mobility on a status 1 heart transplant recipient
Authors: Bitargil Macit , Pham Si , Haddad Osama , Sareyyupoglu Basar
Published: February 2022

Concomitant treatment with veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO) and Impella may improve outcomes in patients with cardiogenic shock compared with VA‐ECMO alone. Here, we explain a new method to introduce Impella and ECMO through the same arterial access site and jugular venous cannulation to accomplish a mobile patient concept.
Synthesis and Properties of Thieno[3,2‐f]isoquinolines and Benzothieno[3,2‐f]isoquinolines
Authors: Blanco Ponce Marian , Mangione Maria Ines , Hermosilla Espinosa Robinson , Torres Rodríguez Eugenio , Ehlers Peter , Langer Peter
Published: February 2022

A variety of thieno[3,2‐f]isoquinolines were prepared by combination of Pd catalysed cross‐coupling reactions with Brønsted acid mediated cycloisomerisations. The reactions tolerate various functional groups and proceed with high selectivity. In addition, benzothieno[3,2‐f]isoquinolines were prepared which represent a new heterocyclic core structure. The optical properties of selected compounds were studied by experimental and theoretical methods. Emission solvatochromism, characteristic of intramolecular charge transfer was observed for one of the compounds with a push‐pull structure.
Ubiquinone electrochemistry in analysis and sensing
Authors: Ó Conghaile Peter , Arrigan Damien W. M.
Published: February 2022

Ubiquinone (UQ) is a lipophilic compound present in most living organisms, where UQ's interesting but complex electrochemistry serves an important role in the transfer of electrons and protons within and across the mitochondrial membrane. We briefly review the electrochemical characteristics of UQ and its reduced state, ubiquinol, in solution and immobilized on electrodes, together with its application in electrochemical sensing and detection systems, for example, measuring redox status with reference to reactive oxidative species. The importance of the local environment, solvent, electrolyte, organic membrane, and pH, on the electrochemical behavior of UQ, is also discussed. We discuss techniques used for the direct detection of UQ such as liquid chromatography‐electrochemistry. Mediated electrochemistry of UQ allows for quantitative measurements of ions, small molecules, and other analytes such as glucose via chemical sensors and biosensors.
Development of Environmental Decision Support System for Sustainable Smart Cities in India
Authors: Shruti Shruti , Singh Prabhat K. , Ohri Anurag , Singh Ravi S.
Published: February 2022

In the era of advanced technologies, information and communication technology (ICT) is the crucial component for developing Smart Cities. The topical studies indicate that ICT is primarily ignored to improve environmental sustainability in Smart Cities. The present research is an initial effort to develop a web‐based Environmental Decision Support System (EDSS) for Sustainable Smart Cities in India (SSCI). The application developed evaluates a city's performance on a set of 24 environmental indicators, which is broadly categorized into four domains: Solid Waste Management (SWM), Water Supply Management (WSM), Sewerage, Sanitation, and Stormwater Management (SSS), and Ambient Environment Condition (AEC). EDSS‐SSCI can serve as a valuable tool for policymakers in benchmarking a city's existing environmental scenario and grade it on a scale range of critically low, poor, fair, good, and excellent. The developed tool gives information about the city's performance in each domain along with three priority indicators which are decided on the basis of critical performance and higher weights given through the Delphi technique. This study presents the application to a real case study in Varanasi city, which identifies that its environmental sustainability smartness score exists in poor range and the focused attention for improvement is AEC domain. The study outcomes of the application developed will be beneficial for policymakers to define and drive the planning action towards developing Environmentally Sustainable Smart Cities in India.
Thermal and physical characterization of glass fiber phenolic for aircraft interiors
Authors: Najmi Hussain , Luche Jocelyn , Rogaume Thomas
Published: February 2022

Nowadays, composite materials are used very frequently in the aerospace application due to their superior mechanical properties. Materials used in commercial aircrafts are subject to the stringent flammability regulations set by Federal Aviation Administration. In this context, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) is one of the most important criteria. In the present work, fire behavior of glass phenolic composite is assessed at micro (Thermo‐Gravimetric Analysis [TGA]) and small scale (ISO 5660 cone calorimeter). TGA tests are performed under air and inert atmospheres and cone calorimeter tests are performed at three different heat fluxes (25, 35, and 50 kW m−2) using two different kinds of sample holders: a normal (i.e. ISO‐5660 standard) sample holder and an insulated one. The results show that PHRR obtained in case of an insulated sample holder is higher than the study case with the normal sample holder. Another important result confirms that if the surface temperature reaches its threshold limit, the total mass lost percentage for glass fiber phenolic composite in the cone and TGA is similar. In addition to the cone study, permeability analysis is also performed on the same materials which are exposed to different heat fluxes. The results from permeability study confirm that the permeability of the material increases as they are subjected to the thermal attack.
Modeling for extraction of oil from walnut and sesame using batch flow cold press oil extraction system
Authors: Ghiasi Pedram , Sohrabi Omid , Rahmati Edris , Najafi Gholamhassan , Mohamed Mazlan , Ghasemnezhad Azim
Published: February 2022

In this study, a batch flow oil extraction system was used for extraction of oil from walnut (Juglans regia L.) and Sesamum (Indicum sesame). Sample mass (g), applied pressure (MPa), and processing temperature of oil (°C) were selected as independent variables and oil extraction mass percentage and oil analysis as dependent variables. Response surface methodology was employed for conducting statistical analysis, modeling, and data optimization. The results revealed that the highest percentage of oil extraction for walnut was obtained at a pressure of 10.5 MPa, a temperature of 31.5°C, and a sample weight of 8 g, with a value of 25.36%. Also, the highest percentage of oil extraction for Sesamum was obtained at the pressure of 13.88 MPa, the temperature of 31.5°C, and a sample value of 20 g with a value of 22.4%. Optimal level of independent variables for walnut and sesame were 8.03 g, 10.41 MPa, and 27.37°C; 20 g, 13.88 MPa, and 27°C, respectively. In this optimum condition, the amount of sesame and walnut peroxide was 10 ± 0.03 and 1.9 ± 0.07 (meq O2/kg), respectively. Likewise, the amount of acid for sesame and walnut was 1.53 ± 0.05 and 0.06 ± 0.02 g/%, separately. Linoleic acid (42.7–51.15), oleic acid (38.6–24.03), palmitic acid (10.87–8.21), and stearic acid (5.5–3.39) were the most common fatty acid components in sesame and walnuts, respectively.
Wasl is crucial to maintain microglial core activities during glioblastoma initiation stages
Authors: Mazzolini Julie , Le Clerc Sigrid , Morisse Gregoire , Coulonges Cédric , Zagury Jean‐François , Sieger Dirk
Published: February 2022

Microglia actively promotes the growth of high‐grade gliomas. Within the glioma microenvironment an amoeboid microglial morphology has been observed, however the underlying causes and the related impact on microglia functions and their tumor promoting activities is unclear. Using the advantages of the larval zebrafish model, we identified the underlying mechanism and show that microglial morphology and functions are already impaired during glioma initiation stages. The presence of pre‐neoplastic HRasV12 expressing cells induces an amoeboid morphology of microglia, increases microglial numbers and decreases their motility and phagocytic activity. RNA sequencing analysis revealed lower expression levels of the actin nucleation promoting factor wasla in microglia. Importantly, a microglia specific rescue of wasla expression restores microglial morphology and functions. This results in increased phagocytosis of pre‐neoplastic cells and slows down tumor progression. In conclusion, we identified a mechanism that de‐activates core microglial functions within the emerging glioma microenvironment. Restoration of this mechanism might provide a way to impair glioma growth.
Value of six comorbidity scales for predicting survival of patients with primary surgery for oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Peeters Frederik , Van Dessel Jeroen , Croonenborghs Tomas‐Marijn , Smeets Maximiliaan , Sun Yi , Willaert Robin , Politis Constantinus , Bila Michel
Published: February 2022

Background

Comorbidities influence treatment outcome of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study compared the predictive performance of six comorbidity scales for overall survival after surgery for OSCC.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed OSCC patients, surgically treated at an academic center in Belgium between January 01, 2000 and January 01, 2020. Validity of the scales was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results

Three hundred and twenty three patients were included. Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (AUC = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.55–0.92; AUC = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55–0.80), modified Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (AUC = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.54–0.91; AUC = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.51–0.77), and Combined Comorbidity Index (AUC = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.58–0.84; AUC = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.59–0.84) were meaningful predictors for 2 and 5‐year survival, respectively.

Conclusion

Selected comorbidity scales were capable of predicting overall survival for OSCC patients 2 and 5 years after primary surgery.
Biomechanical investigation of load differences on the upper extremities in dynamic hand strikes and isometric hand pushes during assembly tasks
Authors: Hausmanninger Lukas , Komnik Igor , Fleiter Mario , Potthast Wolfgang
Published: February 2022

This study determines the effects of increasing forces on different musculoskeletal load parameters, such as muscle activity and joint movement, during assembly task‐related dynamic hand strikes and isometric push forces. Fifteen subjects (12 men and 3 women) were instructed to strike and push on a force plate in two selected conditions. In the first condition, the palmar surface of the dominant hand is oriented horizontal to the measuring surface; in the second condition, the body position is maintained, but the hand is turned 90° to allow the use of the ulnar side of the hand (fist strike position). The subjects accomplished four force levels in ascending order (i.e., 150, 250, 350, and 400 N) within the corresponding striking and pushing conditions. The extracted kinematic variables of interest were strike velocity, recoil velocity, force plate contact time, peak vertical reaction force component (force plate), force impulse, muscle activity, and maximum joint ranges of motion during the push or strike process. Differences in the results between pushes and strikes and, under certain circumstances, between fist and palm strikes were identified. Increasing push forces correlate with the muscle activity in the pectoralis and lower arm extensor muscles. The fact that, at push forces > 250 N, the subjects modify and adapt their upper body and arm posture to achieve the required force could reveal an obvious feasibility limit and explain why assembly workers tend to use their hands as a hammer.
Developing culturally appropriate food literacy resources for Aboriginal children with Foodbank WA’s Superhero Foods®
Authors: Tartaglia Jennifer , Giglia Roslyn , Darby Jill
Published: February 2022

Issue addressed

In Australia, food sovereignty of traditional landowners has been marginalised by the globalisation of food systems and resulted in limited opportunities for children to experience familiar bush tucker foods as healthy choices, particularly in a school environment. Superhero Foods® themed teaching resources focus on the development of nutrition education materials that included traditional Aboriginal foods together with contemporary foods readily available in regional/remote communities.

Methods

Consultation with an Aboriginal expert and Aboriginal artist; local, regional/remote teachers and stakeholders informed the development of tailored resources including food cartoon characters, school lesson plans and a storybook. The latter was guided by a resource development model. Users of the resources were surveyed to ascertain the useability, alignment with the Australian Dietary Guidelines, cross‐curricular learnings and cultural relevance.

Results

Respondents across regional/remote and urban locations completed a lesson plan and food character (clipart) survey (N = 51) and storybook survey (N = 14). Respondents advised the resources were relevant, enjoyable, engaging and culturally appropriate for all students regardless of Aboriginality. The resources provided learning opportunities for all children to enhance knowledge about Aboriginal culture and bush foods. Independent evaluation has further indicated the translation of messaging into student's knowledge and learning.

Conclusions

Key enablers to the success of the resource included; free online access, the highly engaging nature of the resources and adaptability to be implemented across a number of Aboriginal language groups in WA. Ensuring visual representation of healthy choices was fundamental to reinforcing nutrition messaging. Superhero Foods resources are a positive and important inclusion in the health promotion toolbox for Aboriginal children.

So what?

Superhero Foods are novel nutrition education resources depicting Aboriginal foods and Aboriginal children. These food literacy resources will engage children's understanding of Aboriginal culture, improve food literacy and strengthen equitable access for regional and remote communities.
Willingness to pay for complementary health insurance in Iran: Contingent valuation approach
Authors: Mohammadi Behzad , Goudarzi Reza , Amiresmaili Mohammadreza , Barouni Mohsen
Published: February 2022

Background

The Iranian health system is based on social health insurance, which is responsible for providing access to basic health care. In addition to basic treatment insurance, complementary health insurance (CHI) offers introductory packages that include surplus services. We recently observed an increase in Iran's health insurance loss coefficient, from 16.5% to 90.4% in 2017.

Aim

To determine the willingness to pay (WTP) for (CHI).

Methods

We attempted to determine the WTP for CHI in this study to understand better the potential market and the factors that influence CHI demand. The study surveyed 1023 households in the Kerman Province. A questionnaire developed by the researcher was used in this study, based on the principles of contingent valuation and the bidding game method principles. In each scenario, the factors affecting people's WTP, the demand function, and the effective factors on demand were determined using linear multivariate regression using the ordinary least squares method.

Findings

The average WTP was $ 7.01, $ 12.57, $ 16.19, and $ 18.73 for the first to fourth scenarios, respectively. The demand elasticity for health insurance increased from the first to the fourth scenario, indicating that demand is expandable. On the other hand, it was observed that risk aversion dictates the demand for CHI.

Conclusion

Contrary to the insurance claims theory, demand for CHI did not reverse. To this end, insurance fund policymakers can avoid risks and high financial costs by identifying risk‐averse individuals.
Fabrication and histological evaluation of porous carbonate apatite blocks using disodium hydrogen phosphate crystals as a porogen and phosphatization accelerator
Authors: Freitas Pery , Kishida Ryo , Hayashi Koichiro , Tsuchiya Akira , Shimabukuro Masaya , Ishikawa Kunio
Published: February 2022

The porous architecture of artificial bones plays a pivotal role in bone ingrowth. Although salt leaching methods produce predictable porous architectures, their application in the low‐temperature fabrication of ceramics remains a challenge. Carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) blocks with three ranges of pore sizes: 100–200, 200–400, and 400–600 μm, were fabricated from CaCO3 blocks with embedded Na2HPO4 crystals as a porogen and accelerator for CaCO3‐to‐CO3Ap conversion. CaCO3 blocks were obtained from Ca(OH)2 compacts with Na2HPO4 by CO2 flow at 100% humidity. When carbonated under 100% water humidity, the dissolution of Na2HPO4 and the formation of hydroxyapatite were observed. Using 90% methanol and 10% water were beneficial in avoiding the Na2HPO4 consumption and generating the metastable CaCO3 vaterite, which was rapidly converted into CO3Ap in a Na2HPO4 solution in 7 days. For the histological evaluation, the CO3Ap blocks were implanted in rabbit femur defects. Four weeks after implantation, new bone was formed at the edges of the blocks. After 12 weeks, new bone was observed in the central areas of the material. Notably, CO3Ap blocks with pore sizes of 100–200 μm were the most effective, exhibiting approximately 23% new bone area. This study sheds new light on the fabrication of tailored porous blocks and provides a useful guide for designing artificial bones.
Selenium nanoparticles alleviate lead acetate‐induced toxicological and morphological changes in rat testes through modulation of calmodulin‐related genes expression
Authors: El‐fakharany Yara M. , Mohamed Eman M. , Etewa Rasha L. , Abdel Hamid Omaima I.
Published: February 2022

Lead (Pb) is one of the most common toxic heavy metals. It is a well‐known testicular toxicant. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are a more effective form of elemental selenium that reduces drug‐induced toxicities. This study aimed to study the possible ameliorating effect of SeNPs on the toxicological and morphological changes in testes of lead acetate intoxicated rats. The study was conducted on 40 adult male albino rats divided into four groups; control, SeNPs‐treated, lead acetate‐treated, lead acetate and SeNPS treated groups. The concurrent treatment of lead acetate‐exposed rats with SeNPs (0.1 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks significantly lowered the blood and testicular lead levels, increased serum testosterone, and decreased luteinizing hormone and follicle‐stimulating hormone to approach control values. In addition, it improved the histopathological, and ultrastructural alterations of the testes and improved the immunohistochemical expression of the c‐kit. This was accompanied by maintenance of the testicular oxidant/antioxidant balance and reversing the lead‐induced disrupted calmodulin‐related genes expression in testicular tissue in the form of downregulation of CAMMK2 and MAP2K6 and upregulation of CXCR4 genes. There was a strong positive correlation between testicular malondialdehyde and MAP2K6 expression level as well as a strong positive correlation between CXCR4 gene expression and the C‐kit area %. In conclusion, SeNPs can be considered as a potential therapy for a lead‐induced testicular injury.
When standardized testing is not standardized
Authors: Nalliah Romesh P. , Reddy Michael
Published: February 2022

Standardized testing has been utilized by K‐12 schools, undergraduate and graduate programs, as well as employers. Historically, it has been seen as an efficacious way to identify the best performing candidates to receive program entry or move forward in a hiring process. However, there is significant evidence mounting about the limitations of standardized testing and, yet, we persist with them because of their relative ease. The purpose of this perspective paper is to begin a conversation about the place of standardized tests in dental education and its relationship to institution goals related to diversity, equity, and inclusion.
Genetic counseling certificate program: A program evaluation of undergraduate exposure to genetic counseling
Authors: McGraw Erin , Rispoli Jessica , Horner Michele B. , Heiman Gary A.
Published: February 2022

Undergraduate genetic counseling exposure can generate interest in a growing field, help students prepare to apply to graduate‐level programs, and introduce underrepresented populations to the career. One form of exposure that currently exists is the Genetic Counseling Certificate Program (GCCP), which is offered to undergraduate students at Rutgers University. To determine the effectiveness, benefits, and limitations of the GCCP, a program evaluation was conducted. Former GCCP students were surveyed to assess how they perceived the program. Overall, most students thought the program successfully met its objectives and thought their participation in the GCCP was beneficial. Because it is viewed favorably by former students, implementing something similar to the GCCP may be an option for institutions looking to offer additional opportunities to their undergraduates. Not only could creating programs like the GCCP enhance undergraduates’ knowledge of the genetic counseling profession, but it could also contribute toward diversification of the field.
The prevalence of pre‐treatment and acquired HIV drug resistance in Vietnam: a nationally representative survey, 2017–2018
Authors: Dat Vu Quoc , Anh Nguyen Thi Lan , Van Nghia Khuu , Linh Nguyen Thuy , Thu Huynh Hoang Khanh , Tam Tran Thi Minh , Ton Tran , Anh Luong Que , Phuc Nguyen Duy , Huong Phan Thi Thu , Nhan Do Thi , Hai Nguyen Huu , Bertagnolio Silvia , Crisp Amy M. , Inzaule Seth , Dean Natalie E. , Jordan Michael R. , Nguyen Van Thi Thuy
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Monitoring the population‐level emergence and transmission of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) is necessary for supporting public health programmes. This study provides a nationally representative prevalence estimate of HIVDR in people initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) and estimates of acquired HIVDR and viral load (VL) suppression in people who have received it for 12 or ≥48 months in Vietnam.

Methods

The study was conducted between September 2017 and March 2018 following World Health Organization guidance. Thirty ART clinics were randomly sampled using probability proportional to size sampling from a total of 367 ART clinics in the country.

Results and Discussion

In total, 409 patients initiating ART were enrolled into the survey of pre‐treatment HIVDR. The prevalence of any pre‐treatment HIVDR was 5.8% (95% CI 3.4–9.5%), and the prevalence of non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance was 3.4% (95% CI 1.8–6.2%). Four hundred twenty‐nine patients on ART for 12±3 months and 723 patients on ART for ≥48 months were enrolled into the surveys of acquired HIVDR. The prevalence of VL suppression (defined as <1000 copies/ml) in patients on ART for 12±3 and ≥48 months was 95.5% (95% CI 91.3–97.8%) and 96.1% (95% CI 93.2–97.8%), respectively. Among individuals with viral non‐suppression, any HIVDR was detected in 11/14 (weighted prevalence 74.3%) of those on ART for 12±3 months and in 24/27 (weighted prevalence 88.5%) of those receiving ART for ≥48 months.

Conclusions

This nationally representative study of HIVDR found high levels of VL suppression among those on ART for 12 and ≥48 months. Overall, high levels of VL suppression at both time points suggested good adherence among patients receiving ART and quality of treatment services in Vietnam.

Clinical Trial Number

Not applicable
Immunolocalization of adenomatous polyposis coli protein (apc) in the regenerating lizard tail suggests involvement in tissue differentiation and regulation of growth
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo
Published: February 2022

Lizard tail regeneration is likely regulated by the balanced activity of oncogenes and tumor suppressors that control cell proliferation avoiding tumorigenic degeneration. One of the main tumor suppressor genes present in the regenerating tail is the “adenomatous polyposis coli (apc)” but the localization of its coded protein (apc) is not known. This protein may be involved in regulation of apical‐basal tail regeneration in lizards. The present immunohistochemical study shows that apc is localized in apical wound epidermis and regenerating ependyme, two tissues that proliferate and also express onco‐genes. Apc is not present in blastema cells but localizes in differentiating cells of regenerating scales, muscles and less intensely in the non‐apical ependymal epithelium and cartilage. This suggests that apc is involved in the induction of their differentiation. The apc immunolabeling is mainly nuclear in the basal epidermal layer of the apical wound epidermis where it may be involved in modulating keratinocytes proliferation, like in the forming scales. In regenerating muscle and cartilage apc is mainly cytoplasmic while sparse labeled nuclei are seen in proliferative areas of these tissues. In the regenerating spinal cord, the nuclear and cytoplasmic apc labeling is present in ependymal cells of the distal‐most ependymal ampulla but the labeling fades in more proximal regions and mainly remains in the cytoplasm facing the central canal and in sparse nuclei. It is suggested that the pattern of immunolabeling for apc indicates that this tumor suppressor may contribute to tissue differentiation within the regenerating tail.
Complicated appendicular diverticulitis
Authors: Drew Zachary J. , Chakrabarty Sriya , Malghan Raghvendra
Published: February 2022

Appendiceal diverticulitis, a frequently underdiagnosed entity, differs from typical appendicitis by the presence of an inflamed appendiceal diverticulum. Appendiceal diverticulitis is a surgical emergency which has an increased risk of perforation compared to typical appendicitis. We will discuss a surgically and pathologically confirmed case of complicated appendiceal diverticulitis and its management implications.
Influence of landscape and vegetation characteristics on herpetofaunal assemblages in Gulf Coastal Plain pine forests
Authors: Royal Ethan J. , Greene Daniel U. , Miller Darren A. , Willson John D.
Published: February 2022

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) savanna characterized by open‐canopy, diverse herbaceous vegetation, and high amounts of bare soil once covered much of the southeastern United States Coastal Plain. The unique structural and vegetative conditions of this ecosystem support endemic reptiles and amphibians that have declined as longleaf pine forests have been lost or degraded. Private working pine (Pinusspp.) forests managed for timber production now occur throughout the southeastern United States and have replaced much of the historical longleaf pine savanna. The examination of herpetofaunal (reptile, amphibian) communities in private working loblolly pine (P. taeda) landscapes, particularly in the western Gulf Coastal Plain is lacking. Using repeated field surveys and hierarchical community occupancy models, we examined occupancy and species richness of herpetofauna across 81 sites spanning gradients of management practices, vegetative conditions, and soil composition in northwestern Louisiana, USA, 2017–2019. Young pine stands (<6 yr) exhibited structural characteristics most similar to mature longleaf pine reference sites (>30 yr), while mid‐aged stands (13–26 yr) often featured closed canopy and dense midstory. Vegetation conditions varied widely depending on landscape characteristics and site‐specific disturbance regimes. We documented 43 species of herpetofauna, including 9 open‐pine‐associated species. Occupancy of open‐pine‐associated herpetofauna was positively associated with open‐canopy and understory conditions, and sandy soil area. Sites providing open‐canopy conditions were often occupied by open‐pine‐associated species regardless of overstory type and disturbance method. Overall richness of herpetofauna was greatest at sites with moderate canopy cover outside of sandy soil regions. Working pine landscapes in the western Gulf Coastal Plain can support diverse herpetofaunal assemblages, including open‐pine‐associated species, when management practices maintain open‐canopy conditions on sandy, upland soils. More broadly, our results provide insight into how forest management practices affect herpetofauna and may guide practices that can contribute to conservation value of working pine forests.
Embedding a net present value analysis into a binomial tree with a real option analysis
Authors: Arnold Tom , Crack Timothy Falcon , Schwartz Adam
Published: February 2022

A net present value (NPV) analysis with associated financial statements is embedded into a binomial tree that allows the analysis to evolve through time and, at any given moment in time, to vary with different states of the world. The modeling of the cash flows within the binomial tree requires a variable component based on relationships with a specifically defined random variable and a component that is fixed at a given moment in time. Although after‐tax operating cash flows are used in this treatment with a real options example, the binomial tree method can be applied to other definitions of project cash flows.
Metabolic Investigation on the Interaction Mechanism between Dietary Dihydrochalcone Intake and Lipid Peroxidation Product Acrolein Reduction
Authors: Zhu Yingdong , Wang Weixin , Huang Qiju , Hu Changlin , Sang Shengmin
Published: February 2022

Scope

Acrolein (ACR), a lipid peroxidation product, pathologically participates in various chronic diseases. In vitro evidence suggestes that dietary dihydrochalcones (DHCs) potentiate safe and alternative therapeutics to synthetic pharmaceuticals for ACR scavenging. Here, to investigate whether ingested DHCs could trap ACR and thereof result in reductions in endogenous ACR in mice is aimed.

Methods and results

Three doses of phloretin (25, 100, and 400 mg kg−1), a major dietary DHC, are orally administrated to mice and 24 h urine and fecal samples are collected, respectively. High‐resolution MS‐based targeted metabolomics reveal for the first time that phloretin and its oxidized metabolite are able to trap endogenous ACR via formation of ACR conjugates. Quantification further demonstrate that a) more than 13% of ingested phloretin can dose‐dependently trap 0.77−9.92 nmol of ACR within 24 h; b) phloretin ingestion leads to marked reductions in both free ACR and ACR metabolites in mouse urine compared to control; and c) trapping reactions by phloretin can account for up to 20.1% of the total decreases in endogenous ACR, depending on the administration doses.

Conclusion

Findings from this study indicate that regular consumption of DHCs‐rich diets holds great promise to alleviate the development of ACR‐associated chronic diseases.