bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Metal-poor Metallicity Distribution of the Ancient Milky Way
Authors: Chiti Anirudh , Mardini Mohammad K. , Frebel Anna , Daniel Tatsuya
Published: April 2021

We present a low-metallicity map of the Milky Way consisting of ∼110,000 metal-poor giants with −3.5 < [Fe/H] < −0.75, based on public photometry from the second data release of the SkyMapper survey. These stars extend out to ∼7 kpc from the solar neighborhood and cover the main Galactic stellar populations, including the thick disk and the inner halo. Notably, this map can reliably differentiate metallicities down to [Fe/H] ∼ −3.0, and thus provides an unprecedented view into the ancient, metal-poor Milky Way. Among the more metal-rich stars in our sample ([Fe/H] > −2.0), we recover a clear spatial dependence of decreasing mean metallicity as a function of scale height that maps onto the thick disk component of the Milky Way. When only considering the very metal-poor stars in our sample ([Fe/H] < −2), we recover no such spatial dependence in their mean metallicity out to a scale height of ∣Z∣ ∼ 7 kpc. We find that the metallicity distribution function (MDF) of the most metal-poor stars in our sample (−3.0 < [Fe/H] < −2.3) is well fit with an exponential profile with a slope of and

[Fe/H] = 1.52 ± 0.05, and slightly shifts to

after accounting for target selection effects. For [Fe/H] < −2.3, the MDF is largely insensitive to scale height ∣Z∣ out to ∼5 kpc, showing that very and extremely metal-poor stars are in every galactic component.
An integrative taxonomic and phylogenetic approach reveals a new Neotropical swarm-founding social wasp, Pseudopolybia cryptica sp. n. (Vespidae: Polistinae: Epiponini)
Authors: Somavilla Alexandre , Barroso Paulo C. S. , Aragão Marcos , Mateus Sidnei , Menezes Rodolpho S. T.
Published: April 2021

Phenotypic characters are traditionally the main information for species discrimination in taxonomic studies of invertebrates. However, the presence of inter- and intraspecific polymorphism makes it difficult to identify species in many groups such as Neotropical social wasps. Herein, we examined different sources of biological information such as adult morphology, male genitalia, nest architecture, and genetic data applying an integrative taxonomic approach to study pinned museum specimens belonging to the social wasp genusPseudopolybiade Saussure, 1863. Based on multiple independent lines of evidence, we described a new Neotropical swarm-founding social wasp,Pseudopolybia crypticasp. n. Moreover, we proposed a phylogenetic hypothesis forPseudopolybiaincluding this new species. Our taxonomic findings applying an integrative approach reinforce that the social wasp diversity in the Neotropics may be underestimated due to morphological similarity.
Standardised inventories of spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) on touristic trails of the native forests of the Azores (Portugal)
Authors: Carvalho Rui , Cardoso Pedro , Gil Artur , Ferreira Maria Teresa , Ramos Cândida , Lamelas-Lopez Lucas , Pereira Fernando , Malumbres-Olarte Jagoba , Ros-Prieto Alejandra , Boieiro Mário , Borges Paulo
Published: April 2021

The sharp increase in tourist visitation of the Azores Archipelago from 2015 onwards raised concerns about the impacts of recreational tourism on native habitats. In response, a project was financed by the Azorean Government to investigate the drivers of biodiversity erosion associated with recreational tourism. Here, we present the data on spider biodiversity found on trails located within the native Azorean forests as they are home to several endemic species of great conservation value. We applied an optimised and standardised sampling protocol (COBRA) in twenty-three plots located in five trails on Terceira and São Miguel Islands and assessed diversity and abundance of spider species at different distances from the trail head and the trail itself.

Of the 45 species (12435 specimens) collected, 13 were endemic to the Azores (9690 specimens), 10 native non-endemic (2047 specimens) and 22 introduced (698 specimens). This database will be the baseline of a long-term monitoring project for the assessment of touristic impacts on native forest trails. This methodology can also be used on other habitats and biogeograhical regions.
Marine algal flora of São Miguel Island, Azores
Authors: Neto Ana I , Moreu Ignacio , Rosas Alquicira Edgar , León-Cisneros Karla , Cacabelos Eva , Botelho Andrea , Micael Joana , Costa Ana , Neto Raul , Azevedo José , Monteiro Sandra , Resendes Roberto , Afonso Pedro , Prestes Afonso , Patarra Rita , Álvaro Nuno , Milla-Figueras David , Ballesteros Enric , Fletcher Robert , Farnham William , Tittley Ian , Parente Manuela
Published: April 2021

The macroalgal flora of the Island of São Miguel (eastern group of the Azores Archipelago) has attracted the interest of many researchers in the past, the first publications going back to the nineteenth century. Initial studies were mainly taxonomic, resulting in the publication of a checklist of the Azorean benthic marine algae. Later, the establishment of the University of the Azores on the Island permitted the logistic conditions to develop both temporal studies and long-term research and this resulted in a significant increase on research directed at the benthic marine algae and littoral communities of the Island and consequent publications.

Prior to the present paper, the known macroalgal flora of São Miguel Island comprised around 260 species. Despite this richness, a significant amount of the research was never made public, notably Masters and PhD theses encompassing information regarding presence data recorded at littoral and sublittoral levels down to a depth of approximately 40 m around the Island and the many collections made, which resulted in vouchers deposited in the AZB Herbarium Ruy Telles Palhinha and the LSM- Molecular Systematics Laboratory at the Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the University of the Azores.

The present publication lists the macroalgal taxonomic records, together with information on their ecology and occurrence around São Miguel Island, improving the knowledge of the Azorean macroalgal flora at local and regional scales.

A total of 12,781 specimens (including some identified only to genus) belonging to 431 taxa of macroalgae are registered, comprising 284 Rhodophyta, 59 Chlorophyta and 88 Ochrophyta (Phaeophyceae). Of these, 323 were identified to species level (212 Rhodophyta, 48 Chlorophyta and 63 Ochrophyta), of which 61 are new records for the Island (42 Rhodophyta, 9 Chlorophyta and 10 Ochrophyta), one an Azorean endemic (Predaea feldmannii subsp. azorica Gabriel), five are Macaronesian endemisms (the red algae Botryocladia macaronesica Afonso-Carrillo, Sobrino, Tittley & Neto, Laurencia viridis Gil-Rodríguez & Haroun, Millerella tinerfensis (Seoane-Camba) S.M.Boo & J.M.Rico, Phyllophora gelidioides P.Crouan & H.Crouan ex Karsakoff and the green alga Codium elisabethiae O.C.Schmidt), 19 are introduced species (15 Rhodophyta, two Chlorophyta and two Ochrophyta) and 32 are of uncertain status (21 Rhodophyta, five Chlorophyta and six Ochrophyta).
Revision of Gymnomitriaceae (Marchantiophyta) in the Korean Peninsula
Authors: Bakalin Vadim , Choi Seung Se , Park Seung Jin
Published: April 2021

This paper provides a revision ofGymnomitrionandMarsupellain the Korean Peninsula based on a study of the collections housed in the herbaria of Jeonbuk National University (JNU) and the Botanical Garden-Institute in Vladivostok (VBGI). In total, 12 species were recorded (six inGymnomitrionand seven inMarsupella), including four taxa whose identity was not confirmed with the available materials and suspected to be recorded wrongly. Each confirmed species is annotated by morphological descriptions based on available Korean material, data on ecology, distribution, specimens examined as well as illustrations.
A review of the taxonomy of spiny-backed orb-weaving spiders of the subfamily Gasteracanthinae (Araneae, Araneidae) in Thailand
Authors: Macharoenboon Kongkit , Siriwut Warut , Jeratthitikul Ekgachai
Published: April 2021

Spiny-backed orb-weaving spiders of the subfamily Gasteracanthinae are broadly distributed in the Old World. Despite their use as a model species in biology, evolution, and behavior because of their extraordinary characteristics, the systematics of this group of spiders are still poorly understood. This study elucidates the systematics of Gasteracanthinae in Thailand based on morphological and molecular-based analyses. In total, seven species from three genera, namely Gasteracantha, Macracantha, and Thelacantha, were recorded in Thailand. Shape of abdominal spines, pattern of sigilla, and female genitalia are significant characters for species identification. In contrast, coloration shows highly intraspecific variation in most species within Gasteracanthinae. A phylogenetic tree based on partial sequences of COI, 16S, and H3 genes recovered Gasteracanthinae as a monophyletic group and supports the existence of three clades. Gasteracantha hasselti is placed as a sister taxon to Macracantha arcuata. Hence, we propose to transfer G. hasselti to Macracantha. Moreover, molecular species delimitation analyses (ABGD, bPTP, and GMYC) using 675 bp of COI gene support all nominal species, with evidence of possible additional cryptic species.
Mountainous millipedes in Vietnam. I. Two new species of the family Paradoxosomatidae from Mount Fansipan (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)
Authors: Nguyen Anh D. , Nguyen Dai Dac , Eguchi Katsuyuki
Published: April 2021

Two new paradoxosomatid millipede species were discovered at the high elevations of Mount Fansipan in northwestern Vietnam. They are named as Orthomorphoides sapasp. nov. and Hylomus solenophorussp. nov. In addition to their morphological descriptions, sequences from fragments of two mitochondrial genes, COI and 16S rRNA, are also provided for both new species.
Françoise Dolto, la force tranquille de la psychanalyse
Authors: Delion Pierre
Published: April 2021

Françoise Dolto a beaucoup apporté aux enfants, à leurs parents et aux professionnels de l’enfance. Sa connaissance et sa pratique de la psychanalyse lui ont permis de faire évoluer la métapsychologie et d’approfondir la psychopathologie du développement de l’enfant. Parmi ses nombreuses inventions, le concept de « castration symboligène » est d’une remarquable fécondité. Il permet à ses successeurs de mettre l’accent sur certains points utiles à la compréhension du développement et à la création de dispositifs de prévention et de soins. Ainsi en est-il de l’exemple des castrations musculaire et gravitaire.
Des découvertes cliniques de Françoise Dolto aux impulsions d’un Haut conseil pour une politique de l’enfance
Authors: Giampino Sylviane
Published: April 2021

Dans la suite des apports de Françoise Dolto dans le champ social sur l’écoute de la parole des enfants, l’auteure, qui préside une instance nationale consultative dédiée à l’enfance, analyse la délicatesse et les ambiguïtés de cet engagement et ce qui le distingue de sa pratique clinique. Comment soutenir le désir de travail de cette instance représentative à élaborer une vision collective des conditions pour que les politiques de l’enfance soient prévenantes et à l’écoute à l’égard de la singularité de chaque enfant considéré comme sujet et acteur.
Les enjeux corporels d’une vision augmentée appliquée à l’activité des sapeurs‑pompiers
Authors: Baudin Carole , Maillard Laura
Published: April 2021

Les technologies de Réalité Augmentée (RA) sont en pleine explosion et commencent à être utilisées dans différents domaines d’activité. Toutefois, peu de travaux étudient leur impact sur les dimensions perçues par l’utilisateur en activité. À travers un projet de recherche visant à développer un dispositif de RA d’imagerie thermique pour les sapeurs-pompiers, nous avons étudié les dimensions perceptives à l’œuvre dans une activité médiatisée par la RA. À travers une méthodologie originale articulant l’approche anthropotechnologique et la cognition incarnée, nous avons étudié d’une part le rôle de l’imagerie thermique telle qu’elle est utilisée aujourd’hui dans les interventions incendie et les dynamiques sensorielles convoquées, avant de présenter les résultats issus de mises en situations réalistes réalisées avec un dispositif prototypique. Ces simulations nous ont permis d’observer de nouvelles formes d’agir avec le dispositif dans des environnements aux propriétés proches du réel et de poser des hypothèses sur la transformation des dynamiques perceptives et plus largement de l’engagement des corps dans l’action, générée par la vision augmentée.
Alfieri, Sénèque le tragique et le défi de Mérope
Authors: Perdichizzi Vincenza
Published: April 2021

Quand le jeune Vittorio Alfieri (1749-1803) décide de devenir poète tragique, il se dédie à l’étude des modèles du canon pour s’approprier les outils littéraires nécessaires à sa vocation. La tradition italienne manquant d’un corpus théâtral prestigieux, Alfieri, qui à cette époque ne connaît pas le grec, se tourne vers les tragédies de Sénèque. Il les transcrit, traduit et annote entre 1776 et 1778, après avoir lu le fondamental Théâtre des Grecs du père Brumoy, qui conditionne sa réception. Si le style « mâle » de Sénèque fournit à Alfieri un contre-modèle aux vers « efféminés » de l’opéra métastasien, sa dramaturgie ne manque pas de l’inspirer. Outre l’Agamemnon, ouvertement tiré de la pièce latine homonyme, la Mérope présente une héroïne calquée sur l’Andromaque des Troades, incarnation la plus aboutie des affres de l’amour maternel. C’est donc à travers la réécriture de ce personnage sénéquéen qu’Alfieri défie les deux Mérope de Maffei et de Voltaire, les rivaux contemporains auxquels il se mesure dans l’arène tragique.
Recherches philosophiques sur l’origine des idées que nous avons du Beau et du Sublime
Authors: Burke Edmund
Published: April 2021

En 1757, Edmund Burke publie à Londres A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful ; une deuxième édition paraît deux ans plus tard. La réflexion développée dans l’ouvrage renouvelait l’idée de sublime et allait profondément marquer l’esthétique. Le succès vint rapidement, suscitant la demande d’une traduction en français.Elle fut réalisée en 1765, à partir de la deuxième édition de l’ouvrage de Burke, par l’abbé Louis-Antoine Des François (1728-v. 1800) qui sut prendre contact avec l’auteur pour recueillir ses avis sur son travail.« Tout ce qui est propre, de quelque façon que ce soit, à exciter des idées de douleur et de danger ‒ je veux dire tout ce qui est, de quelque manière que ce soit, terrible, épouvantable, ce qui ne roule que sur des objets terribles ou ce qui agit de manière à inspirer de la terreur ‒ est une source du sublime, c’est-à-dire qu’il en résulte la plus forte émotion que puisse éprouver l’esprit. »
Het landschap in het Brusselse overheidsoptreden: een categorie in ontwikkeling
Authors: Hubaut Sophie
Published: April 2021

Gezien de toenemende verwijzingen naar het landschap in het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest onderzoekt het artikel de plaats en de betekenis van dat landschap in de Gewestelijke Ontwikkelingsplannen (1995-2018). Het artikel wil aantonen dat het landschap kan worden beschouwd als een categorie van het Brusselse overheidsoptreden en dat het in die zin een goede analyse van de evolutie van het overheidsoptreden verschaft. Uit die analyse blijken enkele opvallende ontwikkelingen, zoals de geleidelijke gelijkstelling van het landschap met de natuur naarmate het referentiekader van duurzaamheid groter wordt dan de belangstelling voor erfgoed, alsook de schaalverandering van het landschap die verband houdt met het vergrootstedelijkingsproces. De analyse wijst ook op bepaalde stabielere inhouden, zoals de associatie van het landschap met het ideaalbeeld van traagheid en de perceptie van het landschap als een vrij positief en consensueel object.
Empathie mémorielle et transferts littéraires
Authors: Lapierre Nicole
Published: April 2021

L’exposé (Séminaire Schwarz-Bart, février 2020) converti ici en article, s’appuie, notamment, sur l’ouvrage Causes Communes, Des Juifs et des Noirs (Stock, 2011). Il traite du transfert mémoriel dans le parcours et l’œuvre d’André Schwarz-Bart, en particulier à travers le roman Un plat de porc aux bananes vertes signé par André et Simone Schwarz-Bart (Seuil, 1967). S’appuyant sur le concept de « mémoire multidirectionnelle » de Michael Rothberg et celui de « Relation » d’Édouard Glissant, l’auteure de l’article voit dans l’approche d’André Schwarz-Bart de l’esclavage des Noirs, plutôt qu’une capacité de l’appréhender à partir du drame qui serait central de la Shoah, celle du pouvoir de rencontrer l’Autre, du « Moi à dire Tu ».
Jacques Roumain, Léon-Gontran Damas, et les filiations de l’anthropologie haïtienne des années 1930-1940 : vers la constitution d’espaces intellectuels transcoloniaux ?
Authors: Palisse Marianne
Published: April 2021

Cet article s’appuie sur les parcours croisés de l’Haïtien Jacques Roumain et du Guyanais Léon-Gontran Damas, et s’efforce de mettre en lumière les réseaux intellectuels au sein desquels se répand une pratique de l’ethnologie dans les Amériques noires francophones dans les années 1930-1940. L’Institut d’ethnologie de Paris, où Roumain et Damas ont étudié, a eu une grande influence sur leur conception de l’ethnologie. Mais tous deux ont aussi été des membres actifs de réseaux d’intellectuels noirs de part et d’autre de l’Atlantique. Ces derniers étaient en relation avec des groupes d’intellectuels antifascistes et antiracistes, mais aussi avec les milieux surréalistes. Haïti y occupait une place particulière. Damas et Roumain voyaient dans l’ethnologie un outil au service de leur projet de revalorisation des cultures noires, des cultures populaires, et ont contribué, à partir de leur position d’intellectuels issus des pays colonisés et de leur refus de l’assimilation, à travailler profondément la discipline.
Une impossible solitude
Authors: Duprey Élie
Published: April 2021

À travers l’analyse de différents personnages du cycle romanesque de Simone et André Schwarz-Bart, cet article se propose d’explorer la manière dont s’articulent les destinées individuelles aux différents collectifs dans lesquels elles s’inscrivent, ou auxquels elles sont assignées – des communautés traditionnelles détruites par la traite et l’esclavage, aux collectifs qui se forment dans la révolte, jusqu’à la vie nue qui caractérise ceux qui se retrouvent coupés de tout lien humain. En particulier, quelles stratégies individuelles ou collectives les différents personnages du cycle mettent-ils en œuvre pour faire face aux différents ordres de domination auxquels ils sont confrontés ?
Quelle évaluation pour quelle éducation relative à l’environnement  ?
Authors: Liarakou Georgia , Flogaitis Eugénie
Published: April 2021

L’évaluation en éducation relative à l’environnement (ErE) fait l’objet de plusieurs approches liées à la diversité des conceptions, tant en évaluation qu’en ErE. C’est partant de la typologie de Robottom et Hart (1993) pour l’ErE que les auteures ont dérivé la leur pour l’évaluation en ErE. Elles mettent en évidence les caractéristiques de chacune des tendances, soit l’ErE positiviste, interprétative et socialement critique, pour faire émerger les points essentiels des trois types d’évaluation qui s’y rapportent et qui sont susceptibles de répondre aux questions soulevées.
Indicateurs de qualité pour l’éducation relative à l’environnement : une stratégie évaluative  ?
Authors: Mayer Michela
Published: April 2021

Les indicateurs de qualité ont surtout été utilisés dans la recherche éducative internationale dans un paradigme positiviste. Si une telle approche évaluative peut être utile pour l’évaluation des programmes et des projets d’éducation relative à l’environnement (ErE), elle demeure toutefois limitée. Cet article explore les possibilités que les indicateurs de qualité offrent à l’évaluation en ErE, non seulement pour l’évaluation des résultats, mais aussi pour l’orientation et la conduite des projets. Entre autres, les indicateurs peuvent mettre en évidence les caractéristiques « émergentes » et non prévues d’un projet d’ErE. L’auteure insiste sur la prise en compte du caractère qualitatif des processus éducatifs ainsi que des stratégies d’auto-évaluation et d’évaluation participative.
Le partenariat au service de l’évaluation des projets d’éducation relative à l’environnement
Authors: Piette Sylvie-Anne , Legrand Emmanuel , Croizer Claude , Goffin Louis , von Frenckell Marianne , Philippet Catherine , Wattecamps Jean-Marc
Published: April 2021

Évaluer des projets d’éducation relative à l’environnement (ErE) avec tous les acteurs concernés et impliqués dans le projet, est-ce seulement une utopie de chercheurs ? À travers l’analyse de deux expériences, cet article cherche à démontrer la cohérence d’un partenariat dans l’évaluation de projets avec les objectifs poursuivis par l’ErE. Il précise le terme « partenariat », analyse les avantages vécus et précise les problèmes rencontrés lors d’évaluations menées à plusieurs selon les types de projets d’ErE et selon les moments de l’action. Un ensemble de questions est proposé, questions que tout praticien pourra se poser avant de se lancer dans une telle démarche aussi riche que complexe.
L’évaluation comme vecteur pour la formation en éducation relative à l’environnement
Authors: Clary Maryse
Published: April 2021

L’évaluation considérée comme remise en question de ses propres pratiques et appel à l’initiative du sujet, peut devenir un moyen de formation. Cet article décrit les démarches de deux projets de recherche-action qui illustrent la façon dont s’est mise en place une formation continue des enseignants assistée par évaluation ; elle s’appuie sur un principe d’alternance, travail en classe et phases de regroupement des enseignants. Ces derniers ont été engagés dans un champ d’expérimentation afin d’évaluer, réguler et ajuster leur pratique. Cette formation correspond à un modèle réflexif fondé sur la réalité des classes et les initiatives des enseignants, qui leur permet d’anticiper et de devenir plus autonomes dans leur capacité d’innovation.
Utilisation pragmatique de cartes mentales comme outil d’évaluation en éducation relative à l’environnement
Authors: Legrand Emmanuel
Published: April 2021

La technique des cartes mentales est de plus en plus souvent utilisée lors de la formation en éducation relative à l’environnement (ErE) afin de caractériser les conceptions des apprenants. Le GREFE exploite cette technique lors de ses recherches-actions. Comme depuis quelques années, le groupe centre particulièrement ses activités sur les aspects théoriques et pratiques de l’évaluation en ErE, ses chercheurs ont constaté que des progrès devaient et pouvaient être réalisés concernant cette technique. Cet article propose une méthode d’analyse des cartes mentales lors de l’évaluation d’un module de formation utilisant une stratégie : Prétest - Traitement - Post-test.
Digital payments in China: adoption and interactions among applications
Authors: Torre Dominique , Xu Qing
Published: April 2021

Starting in the early 2010s, use of Alipay and WeChat Pay, the mobile payment services of Alibaba and Tencent, has increased significantly in China. This success raises three questions: (i) why did the service providers not decide to compete to achieve client exclusivity? (ii) Why was the installed base of the incumbent, Alipay, not a barrier to the entrant’s success? (iii) Why did the entry of WeChat Pay accelerate diffusion of the incumbent’s solution? This paper proposes a model of adoption which encapsulates the distinctive features of the two service providers. It suggests that the complementarities between the two solutions (differentiated services offered to clients, decreasing adoption costs, and contrasting business models) may explain the interests of the service providers in avoiding strong competition. During the adoption phase, it was in the interests of both Alipay and WeChat to develop their different products, as any technological improvements introduced by these operators increased the benefits of both. However, this strategic complementarity effect now risks decreasing their incentives to innovate.JEL classification: E42, G23, O33.
Can digital technologies induce behavioral changes in transportation habits? Evidence based on User Experience with the SmartMoov Application
Authors: Blayac Thierry , Reymond Mathias , Stéphan Maïté
Published: April 2021

This study aims to assess behavioral changes in transportation habits induced by real-time and multimodal information provided by a mobile application, SmartMoov. The users of SmartMoov (beta-testers) were selected on a voluntary basis. After three months of testing the mobile application in a living lab in Montpellier Méditerranée Métropole, we analyzed the beta-testers’ feelings and changes in transportation behavior. Although the beta-testers represented a unique population segment, econometric modeling shows that they were sensitive to the information provided by the application and used it to modify their mobility behavior. They were more likely to change their route and departure time than their transportation mode. While the average travel time and the safety margin affected overall mobility changes (i.e., mode, route, and departure time), there were additional factors that influenced changes in the route and departure time. Specifically, a gender effect was documented in the choice of departure time.JEL classification: R41, C25, O30.
Privacy Experience, Privacy Perception, Political Ideology and Online Privacy Concern: The Case of Data Collection in Europe
Authors: Omrani Nessrine , Soulié Nicolas
Published: April 2021

This article investigates the links between privacy experience, privacy perception, political ideology, and online privacy concern associated with data collection. We used data collected in 2010 from more than 14,000 internet users from 26 European countries. Our results show that there are several (individual, contextual, and macro) aspects that simultaneously affect concern over online privacy. In the present article, we show that individuals who have experienced invasions of their privacy in the past are not those who are most concerned about privacy. An important source of concern over online privacy seems to stem from knowledge of an acquaintance’s bad experience combined with personal bad experience. Hearing about online privacy issues from acquaintances or via the media is also associated with heightened concern over privacy. Our results also show that individuals on the far left and those with a broad privacy perception are those who are most concerned.JEL classification: C01, O33.
CdS Nanostructured Thin Films Synthesized by Pulsed Laser Deposition for Solar Cell Technology
Authors: Abd Jinan A. , Mohammed Wasan M. , Al-Nafiey Amer
Published: April 2021

CdS thin films have been grown on glass substrate at 250o C employing pulsed laser deposition method. The effect of laser pulses number on the crystalline structure, surface morphology, optical properties, and films thickness have been studied. XRD analysis shows that the CdS films have polycrystalline and hexagonal nanostructure with three notable peaks along (100), (002), and (101) planes and preferentially orientated along (101). The crystallite size of the preferred orientation was in the range of (21.4 - 27.3 nm). With small pulses number, XRD pattern confirms the formation of CdO with three peaks (111), (200), and (220). Theses peaks gradually reduce with the increasing of the pulses. The absorbance of the films is in the visible part of the spectrum. The band gap of the synthesized films reduces by rising the number of laser pulses. AFM studies indicate that the grain size and surface roughness increase with the film thickness. Due to the good crystalline structure and optical properties of the film of the highest thickness, it has been grown on a wafer silicon substrate for solar cell applications measurements. Hall measurements indicate low resistivity of 0.3×10-2 (Ω.m) and high conductivity of 3.3×10+2 (Ω.m)-1. The efficiency of the n-CdS/ p-Si junction has been calculated to be 3.4 % using I-V characteristic measurement. Keywords: pulsed laser, thin films, structural, optical, morphology, solar cell measurements
Biosynthesis of Iron and Cobalt Nanoparticles Using Garlic (Allium cativum) Extract and their Some Applications
Authors: Aziz Wisam J. , Hassan Marwa Abdul Muhsien , Khadam Mohammed Jwad
Published: April 2021

It has been employed nano particles using garlic (Allium cativum) extract at conditions (pH=12, concentration = 0.1 M, temperature = 90 °C, time =3 hr. and Oxidizing agent (hydrozoan). X-Ray diffraction of Co NPs using Allium cativum with polycrystalline as compared to specification (JCPDS Card no. 030-0443) and the structure is cubic phase and showed nothing at any article than to extract used as search (chemical) method with the outfit that successful chemical picas distinct and no trace of moisture dust concentrations are enlargement were appropriate for the sample. XRD of Fe NPs using Allium cativum is polycrystalline depend on (JCPDS Card no. 052-0513) with peaks (111, 200, 220) and 2θ(42.7, 49.7, 73.1). FESEM pictures of cobalt and Iron nano particles. The nano particles morphology demonstrates irregular, cubic and hexagonal pattern of different sizes which are agglomerated. Other findings with larger magnifications show that all these pictures have soft surfaces. Co NPs / Fe NPs / c-Si n-type (100) structure has a better performance against Co NPs/Si n-type (100) and Fe NPs /Si n-type (100) structures, such that the output of solar cells efficiencies are 6.31, 7.03 and 7.8 % respectively. Cobalt and iron nanostructures produced naturally used to have anti bacterial behavior against pathogenic bacteria such as B-cereus and E-coli with (37, 39) mm, respectively.
Rutting Performance of Road Using Construction and Demolition Waste Materials
Authors: Ray Arpan , Nanda Radhikesh Prasad , Roy Pronab
Published: April 2021

Wastes arising from construction and demolition (C & D) constitute one of the major streams in many countries. In this paper experimental investigation was carried to see the feasibility of C& D waste as road aggregates. From the grading analysis it was observed that using C& D wastes, strength criteria is being satisfied and meet the specifications of MORTH which is then subjected to aggregate impact value (AIV) testing, CBR testing etc. The CBR value of C&D waste was found to be 43.46 which were well above the permissible value. A proposed three-layer system using soil layer, C & D waste layer and asphalt concrete layer is chosen to estimate rut depth using existing analytical model. From the analytical model rut depth is predicted to be 14.77 mm which is less then maximum allowable limits. Hence C& D waste materials can be used as alternate materials in road construction with economy and sustainability.
Mechanical and Durability Analysis of Recycled Materials
Authors: Agnihotri Anamika , Jethoo Ajay Singh , Ramana P.V.
Published: April 2021

The mechanical and durability properties were best at 45% GGBS and 5% Waste Glass with 0.4 water/cement ratio. The recycled materials implemented for mix proportion were waste glass provided considerably to enhance its properties when added with GGBS. In most of the research work, the effect of WG and GGBS in concrete as a partial substitution of fine aggregate and cement individually is analyzed. Previous studies only show the individual impact of these concrete recycled materials on mechanical and durability properties. In the present study, an exact optimum substitution level of cement by GGBS (15 – 60% at an increment of 15%) and fine aggregate by the waste glass (5 – 20% at an increase of 5%) combined for OPC concrete mix. Mechanical (compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength) and microstructural properties (FESEM) were observed on the combination of waste glass and GGBS concrete mix.
Effect of Accelerated Curing on Strength of Quaternary Blended Cement Concrete with Recycled Aggregate
Authors: Akula Vishal , Sastri M V S S , Mahender P. , Rao K. Jagannadha
Published: April 2021

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation carried out on accelerated curing of Quaternary Blended Cement (QBC) Concrete with and without recycled aggregate. Cement is partially replaced with fly ash, micro silica and nanosilica to produce QBC Concrete. The variables of study include the grade of concrete, powder content and percentage of recycled aggregate. Two grades of concrete M-40 and M-60 were used in this investigation. Based on the earlier studies, fly ash and micro silica are kept constant as 20% and 10% respectively while nanosilica is varied as 2% and 3%. Three percentages of recycled aggregate as partial replacement of natural aggregate (0%, 50% and 75%) were used. Two methods of curing were employed; boiling water method and hot air curing. The test results are encouraging and it is observed that 90% of the design strength could be achieved in one day for both the grades of concrete by curing at 100°C for a period of 3 hours. Keywords: Quaternary Blended Cement Concrete (QBCC), Fly ash (FA), Micro silica (SF), nanosilica (NSF), Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA), Accelerated Curing.
Production of Briquettes from a Blend of HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) Plastic Wastes and Teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f) Sawdust Using Different Natural Adhesives as the Binder
Authors: Faisal R.M. , Ardian Alvin , Khoiriyah Via , Chafidz Achmad
Published: April 2021

HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) is one type of plastics that has been used in many various applications. We frequently used it in our daily life, such as plastic bag, dairy products packaging, etc., which often end up being waste, which is non-biodegradable. This plastic waste has good potential to be used in production of briquettes because it has a high heating value. Teak sawdust is also considered waste and usually not properly utilized. Nevertheless, it has a high heating value and sufficiently low level of volatile matter. Therefore, mixing HDPE plastic waste with biomass charcoal such as teak sawdust to make briquettes as an alternative domestic fuel is an interesting idea. The objective of this research was to make briquettes by mixing HDPE plastic waste and teak sawdust. The effects of two different natural adhesives (i.e. rice flour and corn flour) and the ratio of plastic waste and teak sawdust were investigated. The results of the experiment show that the best ratio of plastic waste and teak sawdust that produce the best quality of briquettes in this study was 50% : 50% and by using rice flour adhesive. The following are the results for this sample, the duration of fire starts to ignite was about 2.3 minutes; the duration of fire boils 125 mL of water was 12.8 minutes; and the duration of the briquettes burn to ashes was about 62 minutes.
Mechanical Behavior of Constrained Groove Pressed Stainless Steel and Pure Zinc
Authors: Guler Zeynel , Yapici Guney Guven
Published: April 2021

Constrained groove pressing (CGP), which is a severe plastic deformation technique, has been implemented on AISI 304 and commercially pure zinc samples in the present work. Four CGP passes were successfully applied to both materials providing a remarkable improvement in both strength and hardness values, despite reduced ductility. Average grain size values were diminished by around 45% for 304 stainless steel and 47% for commercially pure zinc. The highest levels of strengthening due to severe deformation were displayed after the initial passes for both materials. CGP was shown to be a viable method for strengthening based on deformation processing, whereby similar trends in microstructure and mechanical behavior were observed for both crystal structures.
Utilization of Old Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Husk Waste as Potential Source of Natural Dye and its Dyeing Properties on Cotton Cloth
Authors: Kholil Aris Sugih Arto , Adani Husniyyah Ulfah , Mufsihah Annisa’ , Chafidz Achmad
Published: April 2021

Coconut husk is considered waste and its fibers can be used as a source of natural dyes for textiles. The objective of this research is to obtain natural dyes from old coconut (Cocos nucifera) husk waste fibers through the extraction process. Brown color was produced in the liquid-liquid extraction method. The brown color natural dyes were then used to dye cotton cloth. Three different binding agents were used during the fixation process, i.e. tunjung, naphtol salt, and alum. The coloring results of the natural dye on the cotton cloth were as follow: with alum binding agent the resulting color was light brown (cream), whereas tunjung binding agent produced a greenish brown color, and using napthol salt binding agent produced yellow color. The colored cotton cloths were tested for their color fastness properties against rubbing, soap washing, and sunlight exposure. The measurement scale used was grey scales, which was used to evaluate the color change (color fading) and color staining (color transfer) during color fastness testing. In general, based on the results, the colored cotton cloth using alum as binding agent showed better color fastness properties against rubbing, soap washing, and sunlight exposure compared to the ones using tunjung and naphtol salt binding agents.
Ultrajet Mesodiagnostic Probabilistic Model for Surface Layer’s Variable Defectiveness of Complex Technology Products
Authors: Galinovskiy Andrey Leonidovich , Barzov Aleksandr Aleksandrovich , Prokhorova Mary Alekseevna
Published: April 2021

Technologically, ultrajet mesodiagnostics (UJM) consists of local hydroerosive indentation by ultrajets (UJ) of water on the surface of the analyzed object (OA) and the subsequent study of the results of this minimally invasive microdestructive effect on its surface layer. Obviously, mathematical models’ construction of the functional relationship between the informative-physical signs of hydroerosive UJ destruction and the surface layer’s state parameters of various OA, primarily their defectiveness, is very important for the development of this potentially promising technology for ensuring the quality of critical products, mainly aviation and other industries. In this regard, the work proposes a probabilistic UJM model, which consists of analyzing the kinetics of the formation of an aggregate set of eroded particles, as a process caused by a combination of appropriate necessary and sufficient conditions for its implementation. The former include the topographic features of the microdefectiveness’ characteristics of the surface layer material, and the latter consist of a certain variational-force hydrodynamic effect of the diagnostic UJ on it. This approach made it possible to obtain calculated data related to probabilistic distribution of the UJ-eroded particles’ sizes of hypothetical OA, as a coordinate function describing the microdefects’ concentration in its surface layer. These functions are close to the available results of experimental UJM of typical and promising materials used in the manufacture of machinery technology.
A Model Based Study of Fatigue Life Prediction for Multifarious Loadings
Authors: Kant Chandra , Harmain G.A.
Published: April 2021

Loading history makes fatigue crack propagation modelling complex. This article focus on life prediction models which take into consideration the variability of fluctuating loads. In particular it emphases on the comparative studies of prediction models involving the significance of one model’s over another. The paper studies models based on multifarious loadings (constant amplitude load, variable amplitude load, overload/underload etc.). The major parameters of load interaction modelling are plasticity, crack closure, effective stress intensity, effective stress ratio and damage accumulation. For large deformation, elasto-plastic fracture mechanics based models are also included. The complexity of models, their features and focusing on their limitation and strengths are stated with various conditions and also validation of models with experimental data are reported. The paper speculates on the directions the study of crack propagation will take in future.
Characterization of Additive Manufactured Inconel 718 Alloy Using Laser Cladding
Authors: Burad Prayag , Chaitanya Chaitanya , Thawari Nikhil , Bhatt Jatin , Gupta T.V.K.
Published: April 2021

Laser based metal additive manufacturing (AM) is an emerging technology in various aerospace industries including aero-engine components and turbine manufactures. Laser cladding is a potential process for material deposition and surface enhancement technique that forms a strong metallurgical bond with the substrate. In the present study, Nickel based Inconel 718 (IN718) super alloy which maintains high strength working at elevated temperatures is used as the clad material. The study investigates the processing of Inconel 718 with powder morphology and microstructural properties and also two, three and four-layer deposition. This study explores the possibility of depositing IN718 using laser cladding that can be better considered as metal AM process.
Corrosion Protection in Acidic Medium for Mild Steel Using Various Plants Extract as Green Corrosion Inhibitor - A Review
Authors: Baitule Payal , Manivannan R.
Published: April 2021

Acidic solutions is widely adapted in industries for various operations whereas green corrosion inhibitors is used for the elimination of corrosion / deposition of scales. By using inhibitors, control of metal corrosion occurs in aggressive environment. Various types of natural composites were designed for finding out corrosion inhibition efficiency. Organic compounds possessing nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen exposed excellent inhibition effectiveness. Nevertheless, large number of natural compounds have toxic effect on environment as well as on living organism. Hence, it is necessary to point out cheap, easily available, biodegradable and eco-friendly inhibitor to corrosion with high inhibition efficiency. This article deliberates the properties of inhibitor, adsorption mechanism of inhibitor, inhibition mechanism and inhibitor efficiencies of plant extract in aggressive acidic environment.
Mechanical and Tribological Properties of A7075/ SiC/ B4C Hybrid Composite Fabricated by Stir and Squeeze Casting Method
Authors: Sekar Kannan
Published: April 2021

Aluminium alloys are having lightweight, high strength, good corrosive resistance, and toughness. In this paper, A7075/B4C/SiC Hybrid Composites fabricated with different wt. % of reinforcement materials by using stir and squeeze casting process. The SEM Microstructure have shown that uniform distribution of reinforcement particles in the A7075 matrix reinforced with 1 % wt. % B4C and 1 % wt. % SiC. The Mechanical properties of A7075/B4C/SiC Hybrid Composites were studied Composite A7075/B4C/SiC reinforced with 1 % wt. B4C and 1 % wt. SiC has shown more compressive and tensile strength compared to base alloy. The compressive strength of the composite increased 39.73 % and the tensile strength is increased 36.67 % compared to base alloy. From the dry sliding wear studies, the Composite with 1 B4C wt. % have shown less weight loss and coefficient of friction at all conditions due to the uniform distribution of the micro-particles within the matrix surfaces. Worn surface morphology has revealed that severe wear of A7075 base alloy became mild wear by preparing composite with 1 % wt. SiC, 0.5 wt. % B4C and then mild wear became less wear with shallow grooves by increasing reinforcement weight percentage of B4C from 0.5 to 1.
Manufacturing and Mechanical Behavior of Titanium-Steel Composite by Accumulative Roll Bonding
Authors: Tahir Furqan , Yapici Guney Guven
Published: April 2021

Metal matrix composites have attracted interest for use in several engineering applications and this study focuses on the fabrication titanium and interstitial free steel composite and its mechanical performance. Accumulative roll bonding (ARB) was employed as a severe plastic deformation method to fabricate the multi-layered composite up to three cycles where an aluminum alloy is utilized as an interlayer material. Improvement in hardness and strength levels was achieved with an increased number of ARB cycles. Although, the composite obtained after three cycles indicated a brittle behavior, a decent tensile response of around 650 MPa and 10% ductility was demonstrated after two ARB cycles.
The Murine MHC Class II Super Enhancer IA/IE-SE Contains a Functionally Redundant CTCF-Binding Component and a Novel Element Critical for Maximal Expression
Authors: Majumder Parimal , Lee Joshua T. , Barwick Benjamin G. , Patterson Dillon G. , Bally Alexander P. R. , Scharer Christopher D. , Boss Jeremy M.
Published: April 2021

In both humans and mice, CTCF-binding elements form a series of interacting loops across the MHC class II (MHC-II) locus, and CTCF is required for maximal MHC-II gene expression. In humans, a CTCF-bound chromatin insulator termed XL9 and a super enhancer (SE) DR/DQ-SE situated in the intergenic region between HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQA1 play critical roles in regulating MHC-II expression. In this study, we identify a similar SE, termed IA/IE-SE, located between H2-Eb1 and H2-Aa of the mouse that contains a CTCF site (C15) and a novel region of high histone H3K27 acetylation. A genetic knockout of C15 was created and its role on MHC-II expression tested on immune cells. We found that C15 deletion did not alter MHC-II expression in B cells, macrophages, and macrophages treated with IFN-γ because of functional redundancy of the remaining MHC-II CTCF sites. Surprisingly, embryonic fibroblasts derived from C15-deleted mice failed to induce MHC-II gene expression in response to IFN-γ, suggesting that at least in this developmental lineage, C15 was required. Examination of the three-dimensional interactions with C15 and the H2-Eb1 and H2-Aa promoters identified interactions within the novel region of high histone acetylation within the IA/IE-SE (termed N1) that contains a PU.1 binding site. CRISPR/Cas9 deletion of N1 altered chromatin interactions across the locus and resulted in reduced MHC-II expression. Together, these data demonstrate the functional redundancy of the MHC-II CTCF elements and identify a functionally conserved SE that is critical for maximal expression of MHC-II genes.
Metabolomic Profiles in the Intestine of Shrimp Infected by White Spot Syndrome Virus and Antiviral Function of the Metabolite Linoleic Acid in Shrimp
Authors: Li Cang , Yang Ming-Chong , Hong Pan-Pan , Zhao Xiao-Fan , Wang Jin-Xing
Published: April 2021

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a threatening pathogenic virus in shrimp culture, and at present, no effective strategy can prevent and control the disease. Intestinal flora and its metabolites are important for the resistance of shrimp to lethal pathogenic viruses. However, the changes of metabolites in the shrimp intestines after WSSV infection remain unclear. We established an artificial oral infection method to infect shrimp with WSSV and analyzed the metabolites in intestinal content of shrimp by HPLC and tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 78 different metabolites and five different metabolic pathways were identified. Among them, we found that the content of linoleic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid, increased significantly after WSSV infection, indicating that linoleic acid might be involved in antiviral immunity in shrimp. Further study showed that, after oral administration of linoleic acid, WSSV proliferation decreased evidently in the shrimp, and survival rate of the shrimp increased significantly. Mechanical analysis showed that linoleic acid directly bound to WSSV virions and inhibited the viral replication. Linoleic acid also promoted the expression of antimicrobial peptides and IFN-like gene Vago5 by activating the ERK–NF-κB signaling pathway. Our results indicated that WSSV infection caused metabolomic transformation of intestinal microbiota and that the metabolite linoleic acid participated in the immune response against WSSV in shrimp.