bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal Evolution of Perihematomal Blood-Brain Barrier Compromise and Edema Growth After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Yang Dan , Wang Xin , Zhang Xue , Zhu Huachen , Sun Shengjun , Mane Ravikiran , Zhao Xingquan , Zhou Jian
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate the temporal evolution of perihematomal blood-brain barrier (BBB) compromise and edema growth and to determine the role of BBB compromise in edema growth.

Methods

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage patients who underwent computed tomography perfusion (CTP) were divided into five groups according to the time interval from symptom onset to CTP examination. Permeability-surface area product (PS) maps were generated using CTP source images. Ipsilateral and contralateral mean PS values were computed in the perihematomal and contralateral mirror regions. The relative PS (rPS) value was calculated as a ratio of ipsilateral to contralateral PS value. Hematoma and perihematomal edema volume were determined on non-contrast CT images.

Results

In the total of 101 intracerebral hemorrhage patients, the ipsilateral mean PS value was significantly higher than that in contralateral region (z = −8.284, p < 0.001). The perihematomal BBB permeability showed a course of dynamic changes including an increase in the hyperacute and acute phases, a decrease in the early subacute phase and a second increase in the late subacute phase and chronic phase. Perihematomal edema increased gradually until the late subacute phase and then slightly increased. There was a relationship between rPS value and edema volume (β = 0.254, p = 0.006).

Conclusion

The perihematomal BBB permeability is dynamic changes, and edema growth is gradually increased in patients following intracerebral hemorrhage. BBB compromise plays an essential role in edema growth. The quantitative assessment of BBB compromise may provide valuable information in therapeutic interventions of intracerebral hemorrhage patients.
Zur Notwendigkeit einer Finanz- und Strukturreform der Pflegeversicherung
Authors: Rothgang Heinz
Published: April 2023

Bei Einführung der Pflegeversicherung im Jahr 1994 wurden Ausgestaltungsentscheidungen getroffen, die das System bis heute prägen. In diesem Diskussionsbeitrag werden 3 dieser Entscheidungen untersucht. Jeweils wird ein Bewertungsmaßstab formuliert, um die aktuelle Situation zu beurteilen. Bei negativer Beurteilung werden Reformoptionen diskutiert.

Die Ausgestaltung der Pflegeversicherung mit betraglich begrenzten Versicherungsleistungen und nach oben offenen Eigenanteilen hat zu Gesamteigenanteilen geführt, die von der Mehrheit der Heimbewohnenden nicht mehr aus dem laufenden Einkommen finanziert werden können. Um ihre ursprünglichen Ziele erfüllen zu können, müsste die Pflegeversicherung daher vom Kopf auf die Füße gestellt werden – durch eine absolute Begrenzung der Eigenanteile in Höhe und Dauer.

Auch das „duale Versicherungssystem“ aus einer sozialen Pflegeversicherung und einer privaten Pflegepflichtversicherung hat sich als „Geburtsfehler“ des Systems erwiesen. Da das Kollektiv der Privatversicherten über eine wesentlich günstigere Risikostruktur und höhere Durchschnittseinkommen verfügt, ist die vom Bundesverfassungsgericht geforderte „gleichmäßige Lastenverteilung“ bei der Finanzierung nicht gegeben. Zur Behebung dieser Ungleichbehandlung ist die Überführung des dualen Systems in eine integrierte Pflegeversicherung oder zumindest ein Risikostrukturausgleich zwischen beiden Zweigen zu fordern.

Dass die Pflegeversicherung als eigener Zweig der Sozialversicherung eingeführt wurde, lässt sich dagegen rechtfertigen. Allerdings wäre es zur Überwindung von Schnittstellenproblemen notwendig, die Finanzierungskompetenz für die geriatrische Rehabilitation bei der Pflegeversicherung und die für die medizinische Behandlungspflege in Pflegeheimen bei der Krankenversicherung anzusiedeln.
Neue Methoden zur In-vivo-Diagnostik der Schulterkinematik
Authors: Croci Eleonora , Baum Cornelia , Mündermann Annegret
Published: April 2023

Hintergrund

Die Erfassung der In-vivo-Schulterkinematik gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung.

Fragestellung

Welche neuen Methoden stehen für die In-vivo-Diagnostik der Schulterkinematik zur Verfügung?

Material und Methode

Es wird eine Übersicht über aktuelle Literatur und Technologien gegeben.

Ergebnisse

Neben der etablierten markerbasierten Bewegungsanalyse können markerlose Bewegungsanalyse, elektromagnetische Systeme, ultraschallbasierte Bewegungsanalyse, tragbare Sensoren und medizinische Bildgebung zur In-vivo-Diagnostik der Schulterkinematik verwendet werden. Jedes dieser Systeme birgt Chancen, muss aber im Kontext der jeweiligen (technischen) Vor- und Nachteile beurteilt werden.

Schlussfolgerung

Neue Methoden zur In-vivo-Diagnostik der Schulterkinematik erlauben die Erfassung komplexer Bewegungsmuster sowie Alltagsbewegungen und können einen direkten Bezug zur Anatomie und jeweiligen Pathologie herstellen.
Cancer progression by the okadaic acid class of tumor promoters and endogenous protein inhibitors of PP2A, SET and CIP2A
Authors: Fujiki Hirota , Sueoka Eisaburo , Watanabe Tatsuro , Komori Atsumasa , Suganuma Masami
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Okadaic acid class of tumor promoters are transformed into endogenous protein inhibitors of PP2A, SET, and CIP2A in human cancers. This indicates that inhibition of PP2A activity is a common mechanism of cancer progression in humans. It is important to study the roles of SET and CIP2A vis-à-vis their clinical significance on the basis of new information gathered from a search of PubMed.

Results and discussion

The first part of this review introduces the carcinogenic roles of TNF-α and IL-1, which are induced by the okadaic acid class of compounds. The second part describes unique features of SET and CIP2A in cancer progression for several types of human cancer: (1) SET-expressing circulating tumor cells (SET-CTCs) in breast cancer, (2) knockdown of CIP2A and increased PP2A activity in chronic myeloid leukemia, (3) CIP2A and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activity in erlotinib sensitive- and resistant-non-small cell lung cancer, (4) SET antagonist EMQA plus radiation therapy against hepatocellular carcinoma, (5) PP2A inactivation as a common event in colorectal cancer, (6) prostate cancer susceptibility variants, homeobox transcription factor (HOXB13 T) and CIP2A T, and (7) SET inhibitor OP449 for pre-clinical investigation of pancreatic cancer. In the Discussion, the binding complex of SET is briefly introduced, and overexpression of SET and CIP2A proteins is discussed in relation to age-associated chronic inflammation (inflammaging).

Conclusion

This review establishes the concept that inhibition of PP2A activity is a common mechanism of human cancer progression and activation of PP2A activity leads to effective anticancer therapy.
Synergistic anticancer activity of combined ATR and ribonucleotide reductase inhibition in Ewing's sarcoma cells
Authors: Sturm Max-Johann , Henao-Restrepo Julián Andrés , Becker Sabine , Proquitté Hans , Beck James F. , Sonnemann Jürgen
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Ewing’s sarcoma is a highly malignant childhood tumour whose outcome has hardly changed over the past two decades despite numerous attempts at chemotherapy intensification. It is therefore essential to identify new treatment options. The present study was conducted to explore the effectiveness of combined inhibition of two promising targets, ATR and ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), in Ewing’s sarcoma cells.

Methods

Effects of the ATR inhibitor VE821 in combination with the RNR inhibitors triapine and didox were assessed in three Ewing’s sarcoma cell lines with different TP53 status (WE-68, SK-ES-1, A673) by flow cytometric analysis of cell death, mitochondrial depolarisation and cell cycle distribution as well as by caspase 3/7 activity determination, by immunoblotting and by real-time RT-PCR. Interactions between inhibitors were evaluated by combination index analysis.

Results

Single ATR or RNR inhibitor treatment produced small to moderate effects, while their combined treatment produced strong synergistic ones. ATR and RNR inhibitors elicited synergistic cell death and cooperated in inducing mitochondrial depolarisation, caspase 3/7 activity and DNA fragmentation, evidencing an apoptotic form of cell death. All effects were independent of functional p53. In addition, VE821 in combination with triapine increased p53 level and induced p53 target gene expression (CDKN1A, BBC3) in p53 wild-type Ewing’s sarcoma cells.

Conclusion

Our study reveals that combined targeting of ATR and RNR was effective against Ewing’s sarcoma in vitro and thus rationalises an in vivo exploration into the potential of combining ATR and RNR inhibitors as a new strategy for the treatment of this challenging disease.
Early risk factors for conduct problem trajectories from childhood to adolescence: the 2004 Pelotas (BRAZIL) Birth Cohort
Authors: Martins-Silva Thais , Bauer Andreas , Matijasevich Alicia , Munhoz Tiago N. , Barros Aluísio J. D. , Santos Iná S. , Tovo-Rodrigues Luciana , Murray Joseph
Published: April 2023

Conduct problems are associated with an increased risk of a wide range of physical, mental, and social problems. However, there is still uncertainty about how early risk factors differentiate different developmental patterns of conduct problems and whether findings replicate across diverse social contexts. We aimed to identify developmental trajectories of conduct problems, and test early risk factors, in the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort in Brazil. Conduct problems were measured at ages 4, 6, 11, and 15 years from caregiver reports on the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Conduct problem trajectories were estimated using group-based semi-parametric modeling (n = 3938). Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine associations between early risk factors and conduct problem trajectories. We identified four trajectories: three with elevated conduct problems, including early-onset persistent (n = 150; 3.8%), adolescence-onset (n = 286; 17.3%), and childhood-limited (n = 697; 17.7%), and one with low conduct problems (n = 2805; 71.2%). The three elevated conduct problem trajectories were associated with a wide range of sociodemographic risk factors, prenatal smoking, maternal mental health, harsh parenting, childhood trauma, and child neurodevelopmental risk factors. Early-onset persistent conduct problems were particularly associated with trauma, living without a father figure, and attention difficulties. The four trajectories of conduct problems from ages 4 to 15 years in this Brazilian cohort have similar longitudinal patterns to those identified in high-income countries. The results confirm previous longitudinal research and developmental taxonomic theories on the etiology of conduct problems in a Brazilian sample.
Japan’s greenhouse gas reduction scenarios toward net zero by 2050 in the material cycles and waste management sector
Authors: Yamada Koji , Ii Ryota , Yamamoto Madoka , Ueda Hiroyuki , Sakai Shinichi
Published: April 2023

The first draft scenario toward net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050 for the material cycles and waste management sector was presented by the Ministry of the Environment, Japan in August 2021. The details of the future GHG emission estimation used to create the draft scenario are described in this document. For multiple scenarios where more aggressive measures, such as carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), were included in addition to business-as-usual and the current policy continuity scenario, future GHG emissions were estimated as the sum of the products of activities and emission factors indicating changes in measures between scenarios. The estimation outcomes demonstrated that future GHG emissions from the solid waste management sector could be anticipated to be zero or even negative when material conversion to biomass, primarily for plastics, recycling to raw materials, and installation of CCUS at incineration facilities are assumed. Extensions of prior plans are not enough to reach the goal of net zero emissions, according to the measures necessary and the volume and pace of their implementation suggested in this study. Stakeholders should collaborate with great ambition.
Covert infection with an RNA virus affects medfly fitness and the interaction with its natural parasitoid Aganaspis daci
Authors: Hernández-Pelegrín Luis , García-Martínez Ricardo , Llácer Elena , Nieves Lorena , Llopis-Giménez Ángel , Catalá-Oltra Marta , Dembilio Óscar , Pérez-Hedo Meritxell , Urbaneja Alberto , Ros Vera I. D. , Beitia Francisco , Herrero Salvador
Published: April 2023

With the advent of high-throughput sequencing, large sets of insect-infecting RNA viruses producing apparent asymptomatic infections are being discovered. In the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) Ceratitis capitata, an agricultural key pest of a wide range of fruits, 13 different RNA viruses have been described so far. Recent analysis demonstrated a wide distribution of these viruses in different medfly strains collected worldwide, but little is known about the interactions between those viruses and the medfly host. Previous studies suggested that a higher abundance of Ceratitis capitata nora virus (CcaNV) correlated with a shorter lifespan in adults. Here, we investigated the effect of CcaNV on a broad range of parameters related to host fitness and its interaction with other trophic levels. CcaNV purified from a naturally infected medfly strain was added to the larval diet. Pupal weight, adult emergence, flying ability, and longevity were monitored after oral infections. Our results revealed detrimental effects associated with a CcaNV infection in the medfly, in terms of reduced pupal weight and reduced adult longevity. Moreover, we tested the influence of a CcaNV infection in medflies on the parasitism performance of Aganaspis daci, an endoparasitoid used in biological control programs against medflies. Our results showed that A. daci progeny increased when parasitizing on CcaNV-infected larvae. Overall, we proved that covert RNA viruses can impact the insect ecology, directly affecting its insect host biology and indirectly influencing multitrophic interactions.
A suggestive approach for assessing item quality, usability and validity of Automatic Item Generation
Authors: Falcão Filipe , Pereira Daniela Marques , Gonçalves Nuno , De Champlain Andre , Costa Patrício , Pêgo José Miguel
Published: April 2023

Automatic Item Generation (AIG) refers to the process of using cognitive models to generate test items using computer modules. It is a new but rapidly evolving research area where cognitive and psychometric theory are combined into digital framework. However, assessment of the item quality, usability and validity of AIG relative to traditional item development methods lacks clarification. This paper takes a top-down strong theory approach to evaluate AIG in medical education. Two studies were conducted: Study I—participants with different levels of clinical knowledge and item writing experience developed medical test items both manually and through AIG. Both item types were compared in terms of quality and usability (efficiency and learnability); Study II—Automatically generated items were included in a summative exam in the content area of surgery. A psychometric analysis based on Item Response Theory inspected the validity and quality of the AIG-items. Items generated by AIG presented quality, evidences of validity and were adequate for testing student’s knowledge. The time spent developing the contents for item generation (cognitive models) and the number of items generated did not vary considering the participants' item writing experience or clinical knowledge. AIG produces numerous high-quality items in a fast, economical and easy to learn process, even for inexperienced and without clinical training item writers. Medical schools may benefit from a substantial improvement in cost-efficiency in developing test items by using AIG. Item writing flaws can be significantly reduced thanks to the application of AIG's models, thus generating test items capable of accurately gauging students' knowledge.
Improving conservation outcomes in agricultural landscapes: farmer perceptions of native vegetation on the Yorke Peninsula, South Australia
Authors: Amato Bianca , Petit Sophie
Published: April 2023

With agriculture the primary driver of biodiversity loss, farmers are increasingly expected to produce environmental outcomes and protect biodiversity. However, lack of attention to the way farmers perceive native vegetation has resulted in conservation targets not being met. The Yorke Peninsula (YP), South Australia, is an agricultural landscape where < 5% of vegetation remains on private properties and roadsides. To identify YP farmers’ barriers to vegetation conservation on the roadside and private properties, we interviewed 35 farmers representing 56,980 ha of farms (11% of the YP area) and three agronomists. We identified five barriers to conservation: (1) negative perceptions of roadside vegetation and (2) management bodies; (3) absence of effective conservation programs making use of farmers’ motivations; (4) > 50% farmers perceived that long-term planning was for ≤ 30 years, not enough time to promote ecosystem conservation; (5) a lack of natural resource management information for farmers—as a result, farmers relied on their own experience to manage vegetation. Furthermore, most farmers depended on agronomists, who generally had no stake in biodiversity conservation. We recommend that (1) the Local Council restore social capital by liaising with farmers to promote roadside vegetation (2) long-term farmer-led conservation action be established and supported by Government and industry acting as facilitators rather than project managers; (3) a change in policy and training promote the involvement of agronomists in conservation and its management on private properties; (4) all levels of Government develop schemes to demonstrate the tangible benefits of native vegetation as habitat for wildlife; (5) on-farm conservation be celebrated as successful farming.
Approximation algorithms for coupled task scheduling minimizing the sum of completion times
Authors: Fischer David , Györgyi Péter
Published: April 2023

In this paper we consider the coupled task scheduling problem with exact delay times on a single machine with the objective of minimizing the total completion time of the jobs. We provide constant-factor approximation algorithms for several variants of this problem that are known to be $$\mathcal{N}\mathcal{P}$$

N
P

-hard, while also proving $$\mathcal{N}\mathcal{P}$$

N
P

-hardness for two variants whose complexity was unknown before. Using these results, together with constant-factor approximations for the makespan objective from the literature, we also introduce the first results on bi-objective approximation in the coupled task setting.
Effect of rurality and travel distance on contralateral prophylactic mastectomy for unilateral breast cancer
Authors: Wahlen Madison M. , Lizarraga Ingrid M. , Kahl Amanda R. , Zahnd Whitney E. , Eberth Jan M. , Overholser Linda , Askelson Natoshia , Hirschey Rachel , Yeager Katherine , Nash Sarah , Engelbart Jacklyn M. , Charlton Mary E.
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Despite lack of survival benefit, demand for contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) to treat unilateral breast cancer remains high. High uptake of CPM has been demonstrated in Midwestern rural women. Greater travel distance for surgical treatment is associated with CPM. Our objective was to examine the relationship between rurality and travel distance to surgery with CPM.

Methods

Women diagnosed with stages I–III unilateral breast cancer between 2007 and 2017 were identified using the National Cancer Database. Logistic regression was used to model likelihood of CPM based on rurality, proximity to metropolitan centers, and travel distance. A multinomial logistic regression model compared factors associated with CPM with reconstruction versus other surgical options.

Results

Both rurality (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.06–1.15 for non-metro/rural vs. metro) and travel distance (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.33–1.41 for those who traveled 50 + miles vs. < 30 miles) were independently associated with CPM. For women who traveled 30 + miles, odds of receiving CPM were highest for non-metro/rural women (OR 1.33 for 30–49 miles, OR 1.57 for 50 + miles; reference: metro women traveling < 30 miles). Non-metro/rural women who received reconstruction were more likely to undergo CPM regardless of travel distance (ORs 1.11–1.21). Both metro and metro-adjacent women who received reconstruction were more likely to undergo CPM only if they traveled 30 + miles (ORs 1.24–1.30).

Conclusion

The impact of travel distance on likelihood of CPM varies by patient rurality and receipt of reconstruction. Further research is needed to understand how patient residence, travel burden, and geographic access to comprehensive cancer care services, including reconstruction, influence patient decisions regarding surgery.
A labour of love: a review of Parry’s ‘Classes of Labour’
Authors: Sanchez Andrew
Published: April 2023

This review discusses Jonathan Parry’s 2020 monograph Classes of Labour in the context of the author’s career trajectory since the 1990s. The review critiques the conceptual framework with which the book understands class relations, and notes that the breadth of the study may be daunting for some readers. However, the review characterises the book as an artisanal masterpiece that shows an ethnographer working at the very peak of their abilities.
Closing Data Gaps and Paving the Way for Pan-European Fire Safety Efforts: Part II—Terminology of Fire Statistical Variables
Authors: Manes Martina , Sauca Ana , El Houssami Mohamad , Andersson Petra , McIntyre Colin , Campbell Richard , Rush David , Hofmann Anja , Wagner Peter , Sokolov Sergei , Leene Mindel , Kobes Margrethe , Oberhagemann Dirk , Rupp Nicola , Jomaas Grunde , Grone Friedrich , Guillaume Eric
Published: April 2023

A well-defined terminology of fire-related variables is important for correct analyses and supporting knowledge-based decisions regarding the evaluation of building fires at the European level. After developing an overview of current practices for fire statistics in Part I, the terminology used and the data collected by the EU Member States and eight other countries regarding fire incidents, property damage and human losses were mapped to increase awareness of their practice and support a comprehensive assessment of several fire statistical datasets. A questionnaire was distributed to relevant authorities responsible for the collection, elaboration/analysis, and fire statistical data publications to define and select the essential variables for an appropriate fire assessment and fire incident description. Based on the results of the questionnaire able to identify the essential fire statistical variables and a detailed analysis of current definitions adopted in the fire statistics of the EU Member States and other countries, a common terminology is proposed to collect the necessary data in the EU Member States and obtain meaningful datasets based on standardised terms and definitions. The results will generate essential outputs to move towards harmonised fire statistics at the EU level and contribute to an appropriate analysis able to improve fire prevention and fire mitigation in building fires.
Power and conviction dynamics on land and linked natural resources: explorative insights from the greater south region of Cameroon
Authors: Kimengsi Jude Ndzifon , Mairomi Harry Wirngo , Forje Gadinga Walter , Kometa Raoul Ndikebeng , Abam Chick Emil
Published: April 2023

Communities in several parts of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) depend on natural resources for their sustenance. While growing pressure on such resources has been accused of framing conflicts, the power and convictions dimension of such conflicts remains relatively less explored. Taking the case of Cameroon, this paper undertakes an explorative analysis of power and convictions around land and linked natural resources. Specifically, the paper maps harmful convictions and their role in steering unequal access to land and linked natural resources; explores power manifestations among different categories of resource use actors; and discusses the role of different typologies of actors in shaping harmful convictions linked to land and other natural resources. Qualitative data derived from four communities in the greater south region informed this study: focus group discussions (14), key informants, and expert interviews (25) were employed. Using the actor-centred power analytical lens, the analysis entailed the use of directed content analysis, thematic analysis and narratives. The results indicate the following: Firstly, while ethnic/region-based and elitism-based harmful convictions significantly drive land resource access, gender-based and religious-based convictions are less recurrent. Secondly, while elitism-based actors exercise power through coercion, religious and political actors employ (dis)incentives and dominant information, respectively, in their quest for forestland. Thirdly, elitism-based and ethnic/region-based actors are at the centre of harmful convictions around land and linked natural resources. The results inform the actor-centred power concept, with emphasis on convictions around land and linked natural resources. Future studies should explore the conflict implications of these harmful convictions.
Identification of interdependent psychosocial variables in the entrepreneurial competence
Authors: Lucas-Mangas Susana , Suárez-Ortega Magdalena , Sánchez-García María Fe , Sánchez Brizeida Hernández
Published: April 2023

From the approach based on human rights, the psychosocial factors that facilitate entrepreneurial competences are encouraged for the career and communitarian development. The proper consideration of social cohesion among communities creates some facilitation for a better approach for people. We used a qualitative methodology applying 25 open-ended interviews and two discussion groups, and involving 42 professionals from Spain. We obtained a system of categories constituted by a group of psychosocial variables that key informant consider significant for entrepreneurial development. These results also identify the psychosocial learning and factors that need to be promoted through continuous educational actions within organizations, incentivizing an entrepreneurial career and contributing to sustainable development.
An Automated Approach to the Collatz Conjecture
Authors: Yolcu Emre , Aaronson Scott , Heule Marijn J. H.
Published: April 2023

We explore the Collatz conjecture and its variants through the lens of termination of string rewriting. We construct a rewriting system that simulates the iterated application of the Collatz function on strings corresponding to mixed binary–ternary representations of positive integers. We prove that the termination of this rewriting system is equivalent to the Collatz conjecture. We also prove that a previously studied rewriting system that simulates the Collatz function using unary representations does not admit termination proofs via natural matrix interpretations, even when used in conjunction with dependency pairs. To show the feasibility of our approach in proving mathematically interesting statements, we implement a minimal termination prover that uses natural/arctic matrix interpretations and we find automated proofs of nontrivial weakenings of the Collatz conjecture. Although we do not succeed in proving the Collatz conjecture, we believe that the ideas here represent an interesting new approach.
Fabrication of metal–polymer matching layers to improve some ultrasonic transducers for NDT and calibration
Authors: Barakat Mirham A. Y.
Published: April 2023

This paper investigates the impact of different matching layers on the ultrasonic transducers’ performance. Matching layers are mostly used to solve the acoustic impedance matching problem between the piezoelectric element and the test specimen. To design good matching layers, we merged the metal–polymer and mass–spring systems. Their thickness was also optimized using the quarter-wavelength approach. Silver, alumina, and copper served as mass components, while parylene served as the polymer spring component. This was the first time to use such matching materials with lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducers. The transducers’ sensitivity increased, the beam diameter broadened, the signal-to-noise ratio reduced, and the echo-height increased. According to the findings, the developed matching layers were extremely efficient in upgrading PZT transducers, making them ideal for a variety of non-destructive ultrasonic applications such as identifying defects in various materials. In addition, the new developed transducers may be useful in calibration.
Polish Validation of a 14-Item Version of the Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale (RSS-14): Factorial Structure, Psychometric Properties, and Clinical Correlates
Authors: Falewicz Adam , Szcześniak Małgorzata , Rybarski Radosław , Chmiel Marianna , Wilt Joshua A. , Zarzycka Beata
Published: April 2023

Religious and spiritual (R/S) struggles are defined as the occurrence of tension, conflict, or strain that focus on matters of ultimate significance perceived by people as sacred. The widespread prevalence of R/S struggles and the growing demand for research in this area created the need for a brief tool. Recently, the 14-item form of the Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale was developed and validated (Exline et al. in Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 2022a). Given the significance of the empirical research on R/S struggles, we implemented the project of structure verification, internal consistency confirmation, reliability, and nomological validation of the Polish variant of the RSS-14 through three separate studies. With respect to the internal structure of the RSS-14, the CFA from three studies confirmed the good fit of the six-factor model, very similar to the one obtained in the original version of the tool. Moreover, both the total score and the subscales had high reliability and acceptable stability over the three studies. With respect to the nomological analyses, R/S struggles were related negatively to life satisfaction, presence of meaning in life, self-esteem, social desirability, religious centrality, and positively with search for meaning, God’s disengagement, poorer health indicators, sleep problems, stress, and cognitive schemas (this category was the new element of our research). Polish 14-item version of the Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale seems a valuable tool to assess religious strains.
Late-onset fabry disease due to the p.Phe113Leu variant: the first italian cluster of five families
Authors: Cianci Vittoria , Pascarella Angelo , Manzo Lucia , Gasparini Sara , Marsico Oreste , Mammì Anna , Rao Carmelo Massimiliano , Franzutti Claudio , Aguglia Umberto , Ferlazzo Edoardo
Published: April 2023

Background

The GLA c.337T > C (p.Phe113Leu) is a known pathogenic variant associated to late-onset Fabry disease phenotype with predominant cardiac manifestations. A founder effect was demonstrated in a large cohort in the Portuguese region of Guimarães. Herein we report an in-depth phenotype description of a cluster of five Southern Italy families.

Methods

Family pedigrees of five index males with the p.Phe113Leu variant were obtained and all at-risk relatives underwent biochemical and genetical screening test. Carriers of GLA p.Phe113Leu variant underwent subsequent multidisciplinary clinical and instrumental evaluation.

Results

Thirty-one (16 M, 15 F) individuals with p.Phe113Leu pathogenic variant were identified. Sixteen out of 31 patients (51.6%) had cardiac manifestations. Notably, myocardial fibrosis was found in 7/8 patients, of whom 2 were under 40 years. Stroke occurred in 4 patients. White matter lesions were detected in 12/19 patients and occurred in 2/10 of subjects under 40 years. Seven females complained of acroparesthesias. Renal involvement occurred in 10 patients. Angiokeratomas were evident in 9 subjects. Eyes, ear, gastrointestinal and pulmonary involvement occurred in the minority of subjects.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that a cluster of subjects with p.Phe113Leu pathogenic variant is also present in Southern Italy. Disease manifestations are frequent in both sexes and may occur early in life. Cardiac involvement represents the core manifestation, but neurological and renal involvement is also frequent, suggesting that extra-cardiac complications deserve clinical attention.
Dynamics modeling method dedicated to system models with open- and closed-loop structures subjected to kinematic and task based constraints
Authors: Jarzębowska Elżbieta , Augustynek Krzysztof , Urbaś Andrzej
Published: April 2023

The paper presents a development of an automated computational procedure for constrained dynamics (CoPCoD) dedicated to derivation of dynamical models of mechanical systems, e.g. manipulators, both ground and space or mobile robotic systems, which can be composed of rigid and flexible links. They may be subjected to constraints, which are referred to as programmed, which may come from performance requirements, e.g. work or services a system is dedicated to. The CoPCoD structure offers systematic modeling of either open or closed loop constrained structures and results in computationally efficient numerical dynamical equations derivation. The CoPCoD development has its background in the generalized programmed motion equations (GPME) algorithm developed successfully for rigid models of mechanical systems subjected to high order nonholonomic constraints, however, the GPME was not fully automated for computer equation derivations. The two main motivations that underlie the CoPCoD development are to extend the GPME to flexible system models and make it fully automated to computer equation derivations for large classes of systems. The paper presents the general scheme of the CoPCoD architecture and examples which illustrate its application advantages.
Systematic literature review on impacts of COVID-19 pandemic and corresponding measures on mobility
Authors: Lee Kwang-Sub , Eom Jin Ki
Published: April 2023

The unprecedented COVID-19 outbreak has significantly influenced our daily life, and COVID-19’s spread is inevitably associated with human mobility. Given the pandemic’s severity and extent of spread, a timely and comprehensive synthesis of the current state of research is needed to understand the pandemic’s impact on human mobility and corresponding government measures. This study examined the relevant literature published to the present (March 2023), identified research trends, and conducted a systematic review of evidence regarding transport’s response to COVID-19. We identified key research agendas and synthesized the results, examining: (1) mobility changes by transport modes analyzed regardless of government policy implementation, using empirical data and survey data; (2) the effect of diverse government interventions to reduce mobility and limit COVID-19 spread, and controversial issues on travel restriction policy effects; and (3) future research issues. The findings showed a strong relationship between the pandemic and mobility, with significant impacts on decreased overall mobility, a remarkable drop in transit ridership, changes in travel behavior, and improved traffic safety. Government implemented various non-pharmaceutical countermeasures, such as city lockdowns, travel restrictions, and social distancing. Many studies showed such interventions were effective. However, some researchers reported inconsistent outcomes. This review provides urban and transport planners with valuable insights to facilitate better preparation for future health emergencies that affect transportation.
Caregivers of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma: who provides care, what care do they provide and what burden do they experience?
Authors: Moore Adam , Bennett Bryan , Taylor-Stokes Gavin , Daumont Melinda J.
Published: April 2023

Purpose

There are limited data on the impact of caregiving for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) on the caregiver. We aimed to identify the demographic characteristics of these caregivers, the caregiving activities they perform and how caregiving burden impacts their work productivity and overall activity.

Methods

This cross-sectional study collected data from caregivers of patients with MPM across France, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom January-June 2019. Caregiver demographics, daily caregiving tasks and the impact of caregiving on physical health was collected via questionnaire. The Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) was used to assess caregiver burden and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire (WPAI) assessed impairment at work and during daily activities. Analyses were descriptive.

Results

Overall, 291 caregivers provided data. Caregivers were mostly female (83%), living with the patient (82%) and their partner/spouse (71%). Caregivers provided over five hours of daily emotional/physical support to patients. ZBI scores indicated 74% of caregivers were at risk of developing depression. Employed caregivers had missed 12% of work in the past seven days, with considerable presenteeism (25%) and overall work impairment (33%) observed. Overall, the mean activity impairment was 40%.

Conclusion

Caregivers provide essential care for those with MPM. We show caregiving for patients with MPM involves a range of burdensome tasks that impact caregivers’ emotional health and work reflected in ZBI and WPAI scores. Innovations in the management of MPM must account for how caregivers may be impacted and can be supported to carry out this important role.
The Role of Moral Experts in Secret Policy
Authors: Christie Lars
Published: April 2023

Is it morally permissible to spy on allied countries? What type of otherwise criminal acts may covert intelligence agents commit in order to keep their cover? Is it permissible to subject children of high-value targets to covert surveillance? In this article, I ask whether democratically elected politicians ought to rely on advice from ethics committees in answering moral choices in secret policy. I argue that ethics committees should not advise politicians on how they ought to conclude secret moral choices. Instead, we can mandate ethics committees to provide advice aimed at improving the moral reasoning behind moral decisions in secret policy. Such advice, I argue, may add value to the decision process independently of whether it increases the chances of reaching morally correct conclusions.
The Electric and Magnetic Fields Instrument Suite and Integrated Science (EMFISIS): Science, Data, and Usage Best Practices
Authors: Kletzing C. A. , Bortnik J. , Hospodarsky G. , Kurth W. S. , Santolik O. , Smitth C. W. , Christopher I. W. , Hartley D. P. , Kolmasova I. , Sen Gupta A.
Published: April 2023

We provide a post-mission assessment of the science and data from the Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science (EMFISIS) investigation on the NASA Van Allen Probes mission. An overview of important scientific results is presented, covering all of the key wave modes and DC magnetic fields measured by EMFISIS. Discussion of the data products, which are publicly available, follows to provide users with guidance on characteristics and known issues of the measurements. We present guidance on the correct use of derived products, in particular, the wave-normal analysis (WNA) which yields fundamental wave properties such as polarization, ellipticity, and Poynting flux. We also give information about the plasma density derived from measuring the upper hybrid line in the inner magnetosphere.
Exergoeconomic and enviroeconomic evaluations of conventional solar still using PCM and electric heater powered by solar energy: an experimental study
Authors: Abdel-Aziz Eslam Ahmed , Mansour Tamer M. , Dawood Mohamed M. Khairat , Ismail Tamer M. , Ramzy Khaled
Published: April 2023

Solar stills are used in distant and arid areas to convert brackish or salty water into potable water fit for human use in a simple, affordable, and effective manner. Even when PCM materials are used, typical solar systems still have minimal production per day. In this study, experimental tests were carried out in order to increase the performance of a single-slope solar still combined with PCM material (paraffin wax) and a solar-powered electric heater. Two identical single-slope solar stills were designed, fabricated, and tested under the same climatic conditions during the summer and spring seasons of 2021 in Al-Arish, Egypt. The first is a conventional solar still (CVSS), and the other is also a conventional still but with PCM and an electric heater (CVSSWPCM). Several parameters were measured during the experiments, including sun intensity, meteorological aspects, cumulative freshwater production, average glass, and water temperatures and PCM temperature. The improved solar still was evaluated at different operating temperatures and was compared to the conventional traditional one. There were four cases studied: one case without a heater (paraffin wax only) and three other cases with a heater operating at 58 °C, 60 °C, and 65 °C, respectively. The experimental results revealed that activating the heater inside the paraffin wax increased daily production (i) in the spring by 2.38, 2.66, and 3.1 times and (ii) and in the summer by 2.2, 2.39, and 2.67 times at the three above-mentioned temperatures respectively (when compared to the traditional still). In addition, the maximum rate of daily freshwater production was achieved at paraffin wax temperature of 65 °C in both spring and summer (Case 5). Finally, the economic evaluation of the modified solar still was carried out according to cost per litre. The modified solar still with a heater operating at 65 °C has a higher exergoeconomic value than the traditional one. The maximum CO2 mitigation in cases 1 and 5 was approximately 28 tons and 160 tons, respectively.
Welche Bedarfe haben Studierende hinsichtlich gesundheitsförderlicher Maßnahmen und welche sind ihnen bekannt? Eine Befragung an zwei Hochschulstandorten
Authors: Schweighart Roxana , Thätz Jessica , Demar Lisa , Zehl Franziska , Neuderth Silke , Löbmann Rebecca
Published: April 2023

Hintergrund

Viele Studierende in Deutschland sind von gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen, darunter primär von Stress und psychischen Belastungen, betroffen. Die Prävalenz psychischer Störungen nimmt unter Studierenden kontinuierlich zu. Im Rahmen des Studentischen Gesundheitsmanagements an der Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Würzburg-Schweinfurt wurden Bedarfe und Wünsche zu Gesundheitsbereichen, die Studierende als relevant für ihr Studium betrachten, erfasst und das Wissen über vorhandene Gesundheitsangebote ermittelt.

Methoden

Im Mai 2022 wurde ein standardisierter Online-Fragebogen per E‑Mail an alle Studierenden der Hochschule Würzburg-Schweinfurt geschickt. Unterschiede zwischen den Hochschulstandorten sowie zwischen deutsch- und nicht-deutschmuttersprachigen Studierenden wurden über nonparametrische Verfahren ermittelt.

Ergebnisse

Stress und psychische Belastung sind gesundheitsgefährdende Probleme, mit denen sich die Befragten besonders häufig konfrontiert sehen. Studieren in Schweinfurt und Fremdsprachlichkeit stehen in Zusammenhang mit einer erhöhten Relevanz einiger Gesundheitsbereiche. Unterstützungsangebote wünschen sich die Befragten v. a. in den Bereichen Sport/Bewegung, psychische Belastung/Erkrankung und Stressreduktion. Die Studierenden haben mitunter kaum Kenntnis über vorhandene Angebote. Vor allem Studierende in Schweinfurt und internationale Studierende sind kaum informiert.

Schlussfolgerungen

Erstens sollten vorrangig Angebote zur Reduktion von Stress und psychischer Belastung an der Hochschule implementiert werden. Zweitens sollten zukünftig die gesundheitlichen Belange von Studierenden in Schweinfurt und internationalen Studierenden stärkere Beachtung finden. Drittens sollten alle Studierenden verstärkt über bereits bestehende Angebote informiert werden.
Reversible Cyclic Softening in HSLA Steels at Low Homologous Temperatures
Authors: Cravero Sebastian , Gomez Gonzalo , Valdez Martín , Santi Néstor , Castelluccio Gustavo M.
Published: April 2023

Critical mechanical components employed in energy applications require certification of their mechanical response under monotonic or cyclic loading at various constant temperatures. However, components often experience combined load and temperature changes, which are more complex and time-consuming to evaluate. This work presents previously unreported reversible cyclic softening in low-alloy steel undergoing loading sequences between 293 K and 453 K (0.15 to 0.25 of the homologous temperature). Mechanical cycling at 80 pct of the yield stress results in a similar cyclic response for all temperatures, while cycling at 90 pct of the yield stress doubles the cyclic strain when preceded by cycling at 453 K. The softening can be reversed by maintaining the material at elevated temperatures and cannot be explained by dislocation recovery mechanisms or changes in the microstructure. Instead, serrated deformation at specific deformation levels suggests that Dynamic Strain Aging (DSA) contributes to softening, which is further supported by a theoretical analysis of interstitials and dislocations mean free paths at various temperatures.
Endourological Options for Small (< 2 cm) Lower Pole Stones — Does the Lower Pole Angle Matter?
Authors: Luk Angus , Geraghty Robert , Somani Bhaskar
Published: April 2023

Purpose of Review

Small renal stones in the lower pole are often difficult to treat. The angle of the lower pole to the renal pelvis (lower pole angle) is a limiting factor to rendering the patient stone free. This review explores the definitions of the lower pole angle, the various treatment options available, and how outcomes are influenced by the angle.

Recent Findings

It is clear the lower pole angle definition varies widely depending on described technique and imaging modality. However, it is clear that outcomes are worse with a steeper angle, especially for shock wave lithotripsy and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). Percutaneous nephrolithotomy has similar reported outcomes to RIRS, and there is limited evidence it may be superior for steeper angles over RIRS.

Lower pole stones can be technically challenging and adequate assessment prior to choosing operative approach is key.