bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A call for increased inclusivity and global representation in pharmacogenetic testing
Authors: Kennedy April , Ma Gabriel , Manshaei Roozbeh , Jobling Rebekah K. , Kim Raymond H. , Lewis Tamorah , Cohn Iris
Published: February 2024

Commercial pharmacogenetic testing panels capture a fraction of the genetic variation underlying medication metabolism and predisposition to adverse reactions. In this study we compared variation in six pharmacogenes detected by whole genome sequencing (WGS) to a targeted commercial panel in a cohort of 308 individuals with family history of pediatric heart disease. In 1% of the cohort, WGS identified rare variants that altered the interpretation of metabolizer status and would thus prevent potential errors in gene-based dosing.
Prolonged overexpression of PLK4 leads to formation of centriole rosette clusters that are connected via canonical centrosome linker proteins
Authors: Ozcan Selahattin Can , Kalkan Batuhan Mert , Cicek Enes , Canbaz Ata Alpay , Acilan Ceyda
Published: February 2024

Centrosome amplification is a hallmark of cancer and PLK4 is one of the responsible factors for cancer associated centrosome amplification. Increased PLK4 levels was also shown to contribute to generation of cells with centriole amplification in mammalian tissues as olfactory neuron progenitor cells. PLK4 overexpression generates centriole rosette (CR) structures which harbor more than two centrioles each. Long term PLK4 overexpression results with centrosome amplification, but the maturation of amplified centrioles in CRs and linking of PLK4 induced amplified centrosomes has not yet been investigated in detail. Here, we show evidence for generation of large clustered centrosomes which have more than 2 centriole rosettes and define these structures as centriole rosette clusters (CRCs) in cells that have high PLK4 levels for 2 consecutive cell cycles. In addition, we show that PLK4 induced CRs follow normal centrosomal maturation processes and generate CRC structures that are inter-connected with canonical centrosomal linker proteins as C-Nap1, Rootletin and Cep68 in the second cell cycle after PLK4 induction. Increased PLK4 levels in cells with C-Nap1 and Rootletin knock-out resulted with distanced CRs and CRCs in interphase, while Nek2 knock-out inhibited separation of CRCs in prometaphase, providing functional evidence for the binding of CRC structures with centrosomal linker proteins. Taken together, these results suggest a cell cycle dependent model for PLK4 induced centrosome amplification which occurs in 2 consecutive cell cycles: (i) CR state in the first cell cycle, and (ii) CRC state in the second cell cycle.
Analysis of residential satisfaction in the conversion of Beijing’s stock buildings into rental housing
Authors: Hu Xuefen , Suo Jian , Kou Ningbo , Wu Mengxue , Wang Shiyu
Published: February 2024

This paper investigates the residential satisfaction levels of tenants living in rental housing converted from non-residential stock buildings in Beijing. A stratified random sampling method was used to select 353 tenants from five apartments based on the plan form and location of the units for a structured questionnaire survey. The results of a hierarchical regression analysis indicated that subjective attributes were more influential in determining residential satisfaction than the objective physical and demographic attributes of the apartments. Within the five dimensions of subjective attributes, the "interior space" dimension had the greatest impact on predicting residential satisfaction. In addition, a one-way ANOVA analysis showed that the floor plan of the apartments also played a significant role in determining residential satisfaction, S-type and office park-type (Converted from an office park) layouts received the highest satisfaction ratings. This research provides valuable insights for revitalizing non-residential stock buildings and offers theoretical support for converting more non-residential stock buildings into rental housing in the future.
Conflict-free joint decision by lag and zero-lag synchronization in laser network
Authors: Ito Hisako , Mihana Takatomo , Horisaki Ryoichi , Naruse Makoto
Published: February 2024

With the end of Moore’s Law and the increasing demand for computing, photonic accelerators are garnering considerable attention. This is due to the physical characteristics of light, such as high bandwidth and multiplicity, and the various synchronization phenomena that emerge in the realm of laser physics. These factors come into play as computer performance approaches its limits. In this study, we explore the application of a laser network, acting as a photonic accelerator, to the competitive multi-armed bandit problem. In this context, conflict avoidance is key to maximizing environmental rewards. We experimentally demonstrate cooperative decision-making using zero-lag and lag synchronization within a network of four semiconductor lasers. Lag synchronization of chaos realizes effective decision-making and zero-lag synchronization is responsible for the realization of the collision avoidance function. We experimentally verified a low collision rate and high reward in a fundamental 2-player, 2-slot scenario, and showed the scalability of this system. This system architecture opens up new possibilities for intelligent functionalities in laser dynamics.
Probing delivery of a lipid nanoparticle encapsulated self-amplifying mRNA vaccine using coherent Raman microscopy and multiphoton imaging
Authors: Bera Kajari , Rojas-Gómez Renán A. , Mukherjee Prabuddha , Snyder Corey E. , Aksamitiene Edita , Alex Aneesh , Spillman Darold R. , Marjanovic Marina , Shabana Ahmed , Johnson Russell , Hood Steve R. , Boppart Stephen A.
Published: February 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered the resurgence of synthetic RNA vaccine platforms allowing rapid, scalable, low-cost manufacturing, and safe administration of therapeutic vaccines. Self-amplifying mRNA (SAM), which self-replicates upon delivery into the cellular cytoplasm, leads to a strong and sustained immune response. Such mRNAs are encapsulated within lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) that act as a vehicle for delivery to the cell cytoplasm. A better understanding of LNP-mediated SAM uptake and release mechanisms in different types of cells is critical for designing effective vaccines. Here, we investigated the cellular uptake of a SAM-LNP formulation and subsequent intracellular expression of SAM in baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells using hyperspectral coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (HS-CARS) microscopy and multiphoton-excited fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). Cell classification pipelines based on HS-CARS and FLIM features were developed to obtain insights on spectral and metabolic changes associated with SAM-LNPs uptake. We observed elevated lipid intensities with the HS-CARS modality in cells treated with LNPs versus PBS-treated cells, and simultaneous fluorescence images revealed SAM expression inside BHK-21 cell nuclei and cytoplasm within 5 h of treatment. In a separate experiment, we observed a strong correlation between the SAM expression and mean fluorescence lifetime of the bound NAD(P)H population. This work demonstrates the ability and significance of multimodal optical imaging techniques to assess the cellular uptake of SAM-LNPs and the subsequent changes occurring in the cellular microenvironment following the vaccine expression.
In ovo feeding of methionine affects antioxidant status and growth-related gene expression of TETRA SL and Hungarian indigenous chicks
Authors: Lugata James K. , Ndunguru Sawadi F. , Reda Gebrehaweria K. , Gulyás Gabriella , Knop Renáta , Oláh János , Czeglédi Levente , Szabó Csaba
Published: February 2024

Methionine (Met) plays a substantial role in poultry due to its involvement in several pathways, including enhancing antioxidant status and improving growth performance and health status. This study examined how in ovo feeding of Met affects hatching performance, antioxidant status, and hepatic gene expression related to growth and immunity in the TETRA-SL LL hybrid (TSL) commercial layer and Hungarian partridge colored hen (HPC) indigenous genotypes. The eggs were injected with saline, DL-Met, and L-Met on 17.5 days of embryonic development. The results showed that the in ovo feeding of DL-Met significantly increased the hatching weight and ferric reducing the ability of the plasma (FRAP) compared with L-Met. The in ovo feeding of either Met source enhanced the liver health and function and hepatic antioxidant status of the chicks. The genotype’s differences were significant; the TSL genotype had better hatching weight, an antioxidant defense system, and downregulated growth-related gene expression than the HPC genotype. In ovo feeding of either Met source enhanced the chicks' health status and antioxidant status, and DL-Met improved the hatching weight of the chicks more than L-Met. Genotype differences were significantly evident in the responses of growth performance, antioxidant status, blood biochemical parameters, and gene expression to Met sources.
Variation in maternal lactation practices associated with changes in diurnal maternal inflammation
Authors: Hove Carmen , Chua Kristine Joy , Martin Melanie Ann , Hubble Madison , Boddy Amy M.
Published: February 2024

While the importance of human milk in shaping infant immune function is well established, the impact of at-the-nipple (ATN) breastfeeding on maternal immune status has been understudied. Since lactation evolved to support infant survival and boost maternal fitness, we predict that ATN breastfeeding will confer benefits on maternal immune function. We measure the absolute and relative frequency of different infant feeding methods (ATN breastfeeding, pumping, donated milk, other supplementation) used by postpartum women in Seattle, WA (USA). We implement Bayesian modeling to estimate the effects of ATN breastfeeding on diurnal change in secretion rate of “pro-inflammatory” salivary cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP). Our results show that most mothers in our sample used a variety of infant feeding methods, with pumping as the most common alternative to ATN breastfeeding. We find that ATN breastfeeding is associated with non-linear effects on diurnal IL-8 and CRP. Furthermore, we find that women who report zero versus ubiquitous ATN breastfeeding exhibit opposing diurnal patterns in CRP secretion rate. This study provides evidence that variation in maternal lactation practices corresponds to differences in maternal immune responses, highlighting how measuring lactation as a continuous variable can further enhance understanding of postpartum maternal physiology.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids-induced ferroptosis suppresses pancreatic cancer growth
Authors: Suda Akane , Umaru Banlanjo Abdulaziz , Yamamoto Yui , Shima Hiroki , Saiki Yuriko , Pan Yijun , Jin Liang , Sun Jiaqi , Low Yi Ling Clare , Suzuki Chitose , Abe Takaaki , Igarashi Kazuhiko , Furukawa Toru , Owada Yuji , Kagawa Yoshiteru
Published: February 2024

Despite recent advances in science and medical technology, pancreatic cancer remains associated with high mortality rates due to aggressive growth and no early clinical sign as well as the unique resistance to anti-cancer chemotherapy. Current numerous investigations have suggested that ferroptosis, which is a programed cell death driven by lipid oxidation, is an attractive therapeutic in different tumor types including pancreatic cancer. Here, we first demonstrated that linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (αLA) induced cell death with necroptotic morphological change in MIA-Paca2 and Suit 2 cell lines. LA and αLA increased lipid peroxidation and phosphorylation of RIP3 and MLKL in pancreatic cancers, which were negated by ferroptosis inhibitor, ferrostatin-1, restoring back to BSA control levels. Similarly, intraperitoneal administration of LA and αLA suppresses the growth of subcutaneously transplanted Suit-2 cells and ameliorated the decreased survival rate of tumor bearing mice, while co-administration of ferrostatin-1 with LA and αLA negated the anti-cancer effect. We also demonstrated that LA and αLA partially showed ferroptotic effects on the gemcitabine-resistant-PK cells, although its effect was exerted late compared to treatment on normal-PK cells. In addition, the trial to validate the importance of double bonds in PUFAs in ferroptosis revealed that AA and EPA had a marked effect of ferroptosis on pancreatic cancer cells, but DHA showed mild suppression of cancer proliferation. Furthermore, treatment in other tumor cell lines revealed different sensitivity of PUFA-induced ferroptosis; e.g., EPA induced a ferroptotic effect on colorectal adenocarcinoma, but LA or αLA did not. Collectively, these data suggest that PUFAs can have a potential to exert an anti-cancer effect via ferroptosis in both normal and gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer.
Assessment of ownership of smart devices and the acceptability of digital health data sharing
Authors: Shandhi Md Mobashir Hasan , Singh Karnika , Janson Natasha , Ashar Perisa , Singh Geetika , Lu Baiying , Hillygus D. Sunshine , Maddocks Jennifer M. , Dunn Jessilyn P.
Published: February 2024

Smart portable devices- smartphones and smartwatches- are rapidly being adopted by the general population, which has brought forward an opportunity to use the large volumes of physiological, behavioral, and activity data continuously being collected by these devices in naturalistic settings to perform research, monitor health, and track disease. While these data can serve to revolutionize health monitoring in research and clinical care, minimal research has been conducted to understand what motivates people to use these devices and their interest and comfort in sharing the data. In this study, we aimed to characterize the ownership and usage of smart devices among patients from an expansive academic health system in the southeastern US and understand their willingness to share data collected by the smart devices. We conducted an electronic survey of participants from an online patient advisory group around smart device ownership, usage, and data sharing. Out of the 3021 members of the online patient advisory group, 1368 (45%) responded to the survey, with 871 female (64%), 826 and 390 White (60%) and Black (29%) participants, respectively, and a slight majority (52%) age 58 and older. Most of the respondents (98%) owned a smartphone and the majority (59%) owned a wearable. In this population, people who identify as female, Hispanic, and Generation Z (age 18–25), and those completing higher education and having full-time employment, were most likely to own a wearable device compared to their demographic counterparts. 50% of smart device owners were willing to share and 32% would consider sharing their smart device data for research purposes. The type of activity data they are willing to share varies by gender, age, education, and employment. Findings from this study can be used to design both equitable and cost-effective digital health studies, leveraging personally-owned smartphones and wearables in representative populations, ultimately enabling the development of equitable digital health technologies.
Establishment and characterization of turtle liver organoids provides a potential model to decode their unique adaptations
Authors: Zdyrski Christopher , Gabriel Vojtech , Gessler Thea B. , Ralston Abigail , Sifuentes-Romero Itzel , Kundu Debosmita , Honold Sydney , Wickham Hannah , Topping Nicholas E. , Sahoo Dipak Kumar , Bista Basanta , Tamplin Jeffrey , Ospina Oscar , Piñeyro Pablo , Arriaga Marco , Galan Jacob A. , Meyerholz David K. , Allenspach Karin , Mochel Jonathan P. , Valenzuela Nicole
Published: February 2024

Painted turtles are remarkable for their freeze tolerance and supercooling ability along with their associated resilience to hypoxia/anoxia and oxidative stress, rendering them an ideal biomedical model for hypoxia-induced injuries (including strokes), tissue cooling during surgeries, and organ cryopreservation. Yet, such research is hindered by their seasonal reproduction and slow maturation. Here we developed and characterized adult stem cell-derived turtle liver organoids (3D self-assembled in vitro structures) from painted, snapping, and spiny softshell turtles spanning ~175My of evolution, with a subset cryopreserved. This development is, to the best of our knowledge, a first for this vertebrate Order, and complements the only other non-avian reptile organoids from snake venom glands. Preliminary characterization, including morphological, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses, revealed organoids enriched in cholangiocytes. Deriving organoids from distant turtles and life stages demonstrates that our techniques are broadly applicable to chelonians, permitting the development of functional genomic tools currently lacking in herpetological research. Such platform could potentially support studies including genome-to-phenome mapping, gene function, genome architecture, and adaptive responses to climate change, with implications for ecological, evolutionary, and biomedical research.
Synchronous force and Ca2+ measurements for repeated characterization of excitation-contraction coupling in human myocardium
Authors: Sun Zhengwu , Lu Kun , Kamla Christine , Kameritsch Petra , Seidel Thomas , Dendorfer Andreas
Published: February 2024

Dysfunctional Ca2+ signaling affects the myocardial systole and diastole, may trigger arrhythmia and cause transcriptomic and proteomic modifications in heart failure. Thus, synchronous real-time measurement of Ca2+ and force is essential to investigate the relationship between contractility and Ca2+ signaling and the alteration of excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) in human failing myocardium. Here, we present a method for synchronized acquisition of intracellular Ca2+ and contraction force in long-term cultivated slices of human failing myocardium. Synchronous time series of contraction force and intracellular Ca2+ were used to calculate force-calcium loops and to analyze the dynamic alterations of ECC in response to various pacing frequencies, post-pause potentiation, high mechanical preload and pharmacological interventions in human failing myocardium. We provide an approach to simultaneously and repeatedly investigate alterations of contractility and Ca2+ signals in long-term cultured myocardium, which will allow detecting the effects of electrophysiological or pharmacological interventions on human myocardial ECC.
Nav1.8-expressing neurons control daily oscillations of food intake, body weight and gut microbiota in mice
Authors: Bullich-Vilarrubias Clara , Romaní-Pérez Marina , López-Almela Inmaculada , Rubio Teresa , García Carlos J. , Tomás-Barberán Francisco A. , Sanz Yolanda
Published: February 2024

Recent evidence suggests a role of sensory neurons expressing the sodium channel Nav1.8 on the energy homeostasis control. Using a murine diphtheria toxin ablation strategy and ad libitum and time-restricted feeding regimens of control or high-fat high-sugar diets, here we further explore the function of these neurons on food intake and on the regulation of gastrointestinal elements transmitting immune and nutrient sensing.

The Nav1.8+ neuron ablation increases food intake in ad libitum and time-restricted feeding, and exacerbates daily body weight variations. Mice lacking Nav1.8+ neurons show impaired prandial regulation of gut hormone secretion and gut microbiota composition, and altered intestinal immunity.

Our study demonstrates that Nav1.8+ neurons are required to control food intake and daily body weight changes, as well as to maintain physiological enteroendocrine and immune responses and the rhythmicity of the gut microbiota, which highlights the potential of Nav1.8+ neurons to restore energy balance in metabolic disorders.
Enteric and systemic postprandial lactate shuttle phases and dietary carbohydrate carbon flow in humans
Authors: Leija Robert G. , Curl Casey C. , Arevalo Jose A. , Osmond Adam D. , Duong Justin J. , Huie Melvin J. , Masharani Umesh , Brooks George A.
Published: February 2024

Dietary glucose in excess is stored in the liver in the form of glycogen. As opposed to direct conversion of glucose into glycogen, the hypothesis of the postprandial lactate shuttle (PLS) proposes that dietary glucose uptake is metabolized to lactate in the gut, thereby being transferred to the liver for glycogen storage. In the present study, we provide evidence of a PLS in young healthy men and women. Overnight fasted participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test, and arterialized lactate concentration and rate of appearance were determined. The concentration of lactate in the blood rose before the concentration of glucose, thus providing evidence of an enteric PLS. Secondary increments in the concentration of lactate in the blood and its rate of appearance coincided with those of glucose, which indicates the presence of a larger, secondary, systemic PLS phase driven by hepatic glucose release. The present study challenges the notion that lactate production is the result of hypoxia in skeletal muscles, because our work indicates that glycolysis proceeds to lactate in fully aerobic tissues and dietary carbohydrate is processed via lactate shuttling. Our study proposes that, in humans, lactate is a major vehicle for carbohydrate carbon distribution and metabolism.
Estimating the bioaccessibility of atmospheric trace elements within the Athabasca bituminous sands region using the acid soluble ash fraction of Sphagnum moss
Authors: Chen Na , Barraza Fiorella , Belland René J. , Javed Muhammad B. , Grant-Weaver Iain , Cuss Chad W. , Shotyk William
Published: February 2024

Total concentrations of trace elements in Sphagnum moss increase in concentration with distance toward bitumen mines and upgraders, but their solubility in the ash fraction after leaching in nitric acid is variable.
Secondary aerosol formation from mixtures of marine volatile organic compounds in a potential aerosol mass oxidative flow reactor
Authors: Moore Alexia N. , Cancelada Lucia , Kimble Ke'La A. , Prather Kimberly A.
Published: February 2024

This study examines the impact of marine VOC mixtures on secondary aerosol production. Comparing single VOC vs. mixtures demonstrates that mixtures significantly impact yields, size distributions, and chemical composition.
Tribo-electrical evaluation of conductive fluid film of Ti3C2Tz MXene-containing lubricant
Authors: Tajedini Mohsen , Arole Kailash , Ghasemi Zahra , Azhdari Rouzhina , Green Micah J. , Liang Hong
Published: February 2024

Multi-Layer (ML)-Ti3C2Tz MXene is being incorporated in lubricants to enhance their tribo-electrical performance.
Exploring color space: an investigation of heteroaryl-substituted benzobis[1,2-d:4,5-d′]oxazoles and their application in organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Wheeler David L. , Tannir Shambhavi , Yakir Hadar R. , Dishi Or , Gidron Ori , Jeffries-EL Malika
Published: February 2024

The color tuning of benzobisoxazole-based OLEDs to achieve white emission with high brightness is reported.
Kinetics of primary mechanochemical covalent-bond-forming reactions
Authors: Zholdassov Yerzhan S. , Kwok Ryan W. , Shlain Milan A. , Patel Monil , Marianski Mateusz , Braunschweig Adam B.
Published: February 2024

Mechanical activation of reactions can reduce significantly the amounts of solvent and energy required to form covalent organic bonds.
Adsorption of cationic/anionic dyes and endocrine disruptors by yeast/cyclodextrin polymer composites
Authors: Lv Zhikun , Wang Zhaoyang , Wang Huaiguang , Li Jianbin , Li Kai
Published: February 2024

Factory and natural wastewaters contain a wide range of organic pollutants.
Methane partial oxidation under periodic reaction conditions on Pt/Al2O3
Authors: Solanki Surya Pratap S. , Gan Zhuoran , Marino Silvia , Davis Robert J. , Epling William S. , Grabow Lars C.
Published: February 2024

Exploring the impact of periodic reaction conditions on hydrogen production in methane partial oxidation on Pt/Al2O3 catalyst.
Automated high throughput workflow for rapid implementation of immobilized enzymes in chemical process development
Authors: Schober Lukas , Dreier Philippe , Peschke Theo
Published: February 2024

Automated high throughput workflow facilitating the rapid optimization and development of immobilized enzymes – ready to be scaled – and thus matching the need for speed in modern drug development.
Effective regulation of breakdown strength through the synergistic effect of defect chemistry and energy band engineering in Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3-based lead-free ceramics
Authors: Han Dandan , Duan Longxiao , Wang Changhao , Yuan Longfei , Muhammad Raz , Ma Pengfei , Meng Fanxu , Wang Dawei , Meng Fanling
Published: February 2024

A defect chemistry and energy band engineering design strategy for Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3-based lead-free ferroelectric ceramics with an ultrahigh breakdown strength is reported.
Stereochemical insights into β-amino-N-acylhydrazones and their impact on DPP-4 inhibition
Authors: Reina Eduardo , Franco Lucas Silva , Carneiro Teiliane Rodrigues , Barreiro Eliezer J. , Lima Lidia Moreira
Published: February 2024

DPP-4 is a pharmacological target that remains of considerable ongoing interest. Here, we describe original DPP4 inhibitors bearing a new β-amino-N-acylhydrazone framework and the impact of stereochemistry on the inhibition profile.
Avenue to novel o-carboranyl boron compounds – reactivity study of o-carborane-fused aminoborirane towards organic azides
Authors: Wang Junyi , Xiang Libo , Liu Xiaocui , Matler Alexander , Lin Zhenyang , Ye Qing
Published: February 2024

A range of novel o-carboranyl substituted boron compounds have been synthesized through reactions between an o-carborane-fused aminoborirane and various organic azides. The reaction selectivity and mechanisms were studied using DFT calculations.
Evaluation of the influence of lithium-ion battery composition on thermal power generation
Authors: Giammichele Luca , Colarossi Daniele , D’Alessandro Valerio , Falone Matteo
Published: February 2024

Electrochemical heat generation and temperature distribution of three lithium-ion batteries of different chemical composition were experimentally assessed.
Methodology for Optimizing the Headcount Based on Simulation Modeling
Authors: Gaiduk Vladimir , Golovko Maria , Takaho Eldar
Published: February 2024

The article discusses the advantages of simulation modeling of the number of sales personnel in order to increase the economic efficiency of the organization. Headcount optimization aims to generate savings while meeting the organization’s goals. This example considers the activities of one of the leading players in the regional food market. In accordance with the general structure of the processes of receiving and servicing customers in the organization, their simulation model was developed in the GPSS World software environment. The obtained conclusions are economically substantiated.
Unknown localities and new species of flora Chechen Republic (North-Eastern Caucasus)
Authors: Alikhadzhiev Magomed , Belous Viktor , Erzhapova Razet
Published: February 2024

The paper presents data on unknown localities and new species of flora of the Chechen Republic, which we discovered during expeditionary research in 2022-2023 on the territory of the Makazhoi semiarid basin. The study area belongs to arid ecosystems with unique species and coenotic diversity. Nearby there is a unique natural monument and tourist attraction - the alpine lake Kezenoy-Am. In recent years, the tourism industry has been actively developing here, which inevitably leads to anthropogenic transformation of the flora and increases the risk of losing the uniqueness, originality, and characteristic features of the flora and vegetation of mountain landscapes. For the first time, we provide information about the discovery of 11 new species, previously unknown for the republic, belonging to 9 genera and 8 families. In our research, we strive to emphasize the need for in-depth study and conservation of the biodiversity of these ecosystems for future generations.
Assessment of the natural conditions of the territory of the Anabar region on a landscape basis
Authors: Efremova Inga
Published: February 2024

The article assesses the natural conditions of the territory of the Anabar region of the Sakha Republic on a permafrost-landscape basis for accounting by subsoil users and other economic entities in order to preserve biodiversity and develop reindeer husbandry; the boundaries of areas differing in their landscape structure and permafrost-landscape properties have been determined.
Development of glass bottle recycling machine
Authors: Prelikova Elena , Kukshin Nikita , Kurasova Julia , Nekrasov Dmitry
Published: February 2024

Nowadays, great attention is paid to solving environmental issues and ensuring environmental safety of the territory. One of these issues is the disposal of consumer waste, the formation of which is growing exponentially. The problem of environmental pollution with glass waste is described in the article. It is proposed to dispose glass waste in special devices to solve this problem. The authors present the development of the machine for recycling glass bottles. The process of its work is described. This machine can be located in public places (shopping centers, hospitals, train stations, airports), where there may be accumulations of glass garbage.
The influence of ultrasonic exposure on the biocenosis of activated sludge from treatment facilities of domestic and industrial wastewater
Authors: Shulnikova Alevtina , Balymova Elena , Novikova Aigul , Zakirov Rustem , Akhmadullina Farida
Published: February 2024

Today, in the context of industrial development, an integral part is the formation of wastewater with the need for its subsequent treatment. The biological method of wastewater treatment is the most effective, safe and reliable. This method is based on the work of activated sludge, which is a biocenosis of microorganisms that absorb pollutants from wastewater. Different quantitative and qualitative composition of wastewater and physical impacts can affect the work of the biological agent - activated sludge, therefore research in this area is relevant. To increase the efficiency of biological treatment, a number of methods are used, one of which is ultrasonic exposure of sludge to increase its biochemical activity. However, this approach requires studying its effect on activated sludge microorganisms. In this research work, the effect of ultrasonic exposure on flakes and biocenoses of activated sludge from treatment facilities of various wastewaters was studied and the change in the content of heavy metals after acoustic processing of sludge was determined.
Ensemble data mining methods for assessing soil fertility
Authors: Ziyadullaev Davron , Muhamediyeva Dilnoz , Khujamkulova Khosiyat , Abdurakhimov Doniyor , Maksumkhanova Azizahon , Ziyodullaeva Gulchiroy
Published: February 2024

The application of ensemble data mining methods in assessing soil fertility and the use of methods such as random forest, gradient boosting and bagging to determine the level of soil fertility are examined in the article. Ensemble methods combine multiple machine learning models to improve the accuracy and stability of estimates. These methods consider various factors, including soil chemistry, climatic conditions, and historical crop yield data. The study also examines the application of the decision tree algorithm and such methods as random forest and bagging to estimate soil fertility. Performance results of these methods are provided using precision, recall, and F1-measure metrics. The results obtained show the high performance of ensemble methods in the task of classifying soil fertility levels. They have important implications for agricultural farms and research organizations that are working to improve soil management and increase crop yields.
Development of a neural network module for forecasting demand for energy consumption by mass construction projects
Authors: Guzhov Sergey , Varshavsky Pavel , Torop Daria , Sesin Anatoly , Bashlykov Matvey , Anokhov Dmitry
Published: February 2024

The paper proposes a solution to the current problem of forecasting demand for energy consumption by mass construction projects using the apparatus of artificial neural networks (ANN). An analysis of information on ANN models that are widely used to solve the problem was carried out. An ANN model has been developed, focused on forecasting the demand for energy consumption of mass construction projects, which has been trained and tested on real data sets about schools of typical buildings. A software neural network module has been developed for creating ANN models by users without special programming skills.
Study of morphological characteristics of several valuable Armeniam varieties of tomato
Authors: Vardanyan V.A. , Kirakosyan G.V. , Simonyan R.K. , Sarikyan K.M.
Published: February 2024

The article presents the researches on the morphological characteristics of seedlings, plants and fruits of several valuable Armenian tomato varieties intended for fresh consumption: Lia, Titan, Orange, intended for processing Marine and chery Zeytun, in the hot conditions of the Ararat Plain. The results of the study showed that the investigated varieties of tomato are distinguished from each other by morphological characteristics of plants, fruits of different size, shape, color, they are adaptive in the case of cultivation in the hot climatic conditions of the Ararat Plain. The results of the study allow to guarantee the cultivation of these new cultivars Titan, Orange, Marine, Zeytun in the farms of the zones with similar conditions.
The influence of changes in agrometeorological conditions on the interphase periods of Hordeum vulgare l. sensulat and its productivity in the center of the European part of Russia
Authors: Levakova Olga V. , Gladysheva Olga V.
Published: February 2024

The studies were conducted in 2006-2022. in the Ryazan branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution FNATS VIM. The object of research was released varieties and promising lines of Hordeum vulgare L. Sensulato. The purpose of the research is to establish the influence of changing weather conditions on the development phases and productivity of Hordeum vulgare L. Sensulato in the center of the European part of Russia. It was established that in the region there was an increase in the average daily air temperature during the growing season from 16.3 to 20.9°C (4.6°C/17 years, CV = 4.7%). The length of the growing season is closely related to the conditions of the hydrothermal regime of the year (r=+0.507...+0.508). The data obtained revealed a negative effect of the sum of air temperatures on the yield in the sprouting-tillering phase r = - 0.364, but the correlation with the amount of precipitation in this period was r = + 0.331, HTCM r = + 0.300. A closer relationship between the yield and the amount of precipitation (r=+0.308) and the hydrothermal coefficient (r=+0.337) is manifested in the interphase period of tillering and heading. The duration of the interphase period of germination-tillering has an average direct relationship with the HTC (r = +0.361) and a high inverse relationship with the sum of temperatures (r = -0.804), a similar picture is observed in the interphase period of earing-filling (r = +0.320 and r = -0.813 , respectively). The decisive weather factors that determine the size of the harvest and the duration of interphase periods of Hordeum vulgare L. Sensulato in the conditions of the Ryazan region are precipitation and thermal conditions from the second decade of May to the second decade of July.
Development of beer drinks recipe and technology with fruit and berry raw materials
Authors: Egushova Elena , Reznichenko Irina , Lobov Denis , Cherkasov Vyacheslav
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to develop recipes and technology for beer drinks based on fruit and berry raw materials to broaden the variety of domestic drinks and achieve high-quality, safe products with good flavor characteristics. Beer drinks were the objects of the study. The main ingredients for the beer drink were unfiltered light beer "Prazhskoye" from a private brewery in Kemerovo, as well as cherry, raspberry, and blackcurrant juice. The study used generally accepted methods of analysis of organoleptic, physicochemical, and microbiological quality indicators. Recipes and technology of beer drinks were developed. The dosages of cherry, raspberry, and currant juices were determined during the study of the influence of the introduced juices, the complex estimation of qualitative indicators of beer drinks was performed, and the shelf life was determined. The obtained results enable the company to expand its beer product line and meet customer demand for high-quality domestic beverages made from fruit and berries.
Theoretical justification of the kinematic parameter of the rotary working body
Authors: Yuldashev Abdurakhim , Kuldoshev Davronbek , Djuraeva Nargiza , Urinov Aziz , Mirzaeva Мusallam
Published: February 2024

This article presents a method for calculating the working body of a cultivator in the form of a rotary knife drum. Since the knives on the drum are arranged radially, the ends of the knives under the translational movement of the rotary drum describe the trajectory of successively located arcs. As a result of the theoretical calculations conducted, three types of trajectories were obtained, depending on the value of the kinematic parameter. It was established that with an increase in the depth of the cultivated soil, the kinematic parameter increases. This indicates that high-quality tillage is ensured when the rotary knife drum moves along an elongated trajectory.
Comparative analysis of selective area grown Ga- and N-polar InGaN/GaN nanowires for quantum emitters
Authors: Ghosh Arnob , Khan Kamruzzaman , Sankar Shrivatch , Jian Zhe (Ashley) , Hasan Syed M. N. , Ahmadi Elaheh , Arafin Shamsul
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we report the molecular beam epitaxy-grown InGaN-quantum disks embedded within selective area epitaxy of GaN nanowires with both Ga- and N-polarities. A detailed comparative analysis of these two types of nanostructures is also provided. Compared to Ga-polar nanowires, N-polar nanowires are found to exhibit a higher vertical growth rate, flatter top, and reduced lateral overgrowth. InGaN quantum disk-related optical emission is observed from nanowires with both polarities; however, the N-polar structures inherently emit at longer wavelengths due to higher indium incorporation. Considering that N-polar nanowires offer more compelling geometry control compared to Ga-polar ones, we focus on the theoretical analysis of only N-polar structures to realize high-performance quantum emitters. A single nanowire-level analysis was performed, and the effects of nanowire diameter, taper length, and angle on guided modes, light extraction, and far-field emission were investigated. These findings highlight the importance of tailoring nanowire geometry and eventually optimizing the growth processes of III-nitride nanostructures.
Unveiling a novel metal-to-metal transition in LuH2: Critically challenging superconductivity claims in lutetium hydrides
Authors: Wang Dong , Wang Ningning , Zhang Caoshun , Xia Chunsheng , Guo Weicheng , Yin Xia , Bu Kejun , Nakagawa Takeshi , Zhang Jianbo , Gorelli Federico , Dalladay-Simpson Philip , Meier Thomas , Lü Xujie , Sun Liling , Cheng Jinguang , Zeng Qiaoshi , Ding Yang , Mao Ho-kwang
Published: February 2024

Following the recent report by Dasenbrock-Gammon et al. [Nature 615, 244–250 (2023)] of near-ambient superconductivity in nitrogen-doped lutetium trihydride (LuH3−δNε), significant debate has emerged surrounding the composition and interpretation of the observed sharp resistance drop. Here, we meticulously revisit these claims through comprehensive characterization and investigations. We definitively identify the reported material as lutetium dihydride (LuH2), resolving the ambiguity surrounding its composition. Under similar conditions (270–295 K and 1–2 GPa), we replicate the reported sharp decrease in electrical resistance with a 30% success rate, aligning with the observations by Dasenbrock-Gammon et al. However, our extensive investigations reveal this phenomenon to be a novel pressure-induced metal-to-metal transition intrinsic to LuH2, distinct from superconductivity. Intriguingly, nitrogen doping exerts minimal impact on this transition. Our work not only elucidates the fundamental properties of LuH2 and LuH3, but also critically challenges the notion of superconductivity in these lutetium hydride systems. These findings pave the way for future research on lutetium hydride systems, while emphasizing the crucial importance of rigorous verification in claims of ambient-temperature superconductivity.
Dynamic characteristic analysis of the piston pump with the valve plate outer dead center damage
Authors: Bai Zhaohui , Tang Ling , Wang Jinbo , Lv Yuanyuan , Huang Weidi
Published: February 2024

The piston pump is one of the key components of the hydraulic system. The valve plate, one of the key friction pairs of piston pumps, contributes most to the dynamical stability and operational reliability of the pump. Existing research on the valve plate of the piston pump does not mention the outer dead center (ODC) damage, which is necessary when considering the dynamic characteristics of the piston pump facing failure. This paper establishes a flow area model and a fluid-domain simulation model of the valve plate of the piston pump under normal and damaged conditions. The dynamic characteristics in the pressure and vibration signals under ODC damage are analyzed. A piston pump testing with ODC damage is carried on to verify the proposed models. The simulation and the experimental signals are compared by extracting the fault features of the valve plate ODC damage.
How is the relationship between rainfall and water vapor in the Indian monsoon influenced by changes in lapse rate during global warming?
Authors: Mallesh Rakshith , Srinivasan Jayaraman
Published: February 2024

Most climate models have shown that the Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR) will increase on account of global warming. The primary reason is the increase in column water vapor (CWV). The rainfall increase is not, however, proportional to the increase in column water vapor; for a given amount of CWV, rainfall will be lower in the future, according to model simulations. This suggests that other there are factors are at play. We have used a diagnostic model based on moist static energy (MSE) and moisture conservation to examine the impact of changes in the vertical lapse rate of temperature. Our results indicate that on decadal time scales, changes in ISMR are mediated by changes in CWV and temperature lapse rates. This is consistent with previous studies that showed the impact of column-mean temperature on the rainfall-CWV relationship. Findings are significant for climate model projections of ISMR, as correct estimation of lapse rate changes in models is necessary to predict ISMR changes accurately.
Investigation on the Compressive Characteristics and Optimization of Design Parameters of a Novel Functionally Graded Cell Structure
Authors: Ganapathy Sakthi Balan , Sakthivel Aravind Raj
Published: February 2024

Novel structural conceptualizations frequently incorporate inventive ideas, materials, or construction techniques. This study presents a unique design inspired by the traditional practice of sikku rangoli, a cultural tradition prevalent in the southern region of India, particularly in Tamil Nadu. Because it was novel, it was necessary to optimize the fundamental design for maximal outputs. In contrast to honeycomb structures, intercellular interactions are believed to contribute to the overall strengthening of the structure. By eliminating sharp corners from the structure, stress accumulation is prevented, resulting in improved stress distribution. Therefore, the design aspects that were deemed significant were taken into consideration and through the implementation of experimental design, an optimum design was determined. Utilizing the optimal base design as a foundation, the structure underwent several printing processes using diverse materials and incorporated multiple fillers. Furthermore, the structure was subjected to modifications employing the functional grading design concept. The study employed the functional grading design concept to examine the variations in load bearing capability, load distribution, and failure mode. The findings indicate that the compression strength of the composite structure was mostly influenced by the wall thickness. The combination of a carbon fiber reinforced base material with silicone rubber as filler, together with a functional graded cell structure featuring top and bottom densification, exhibited the highest compression strength compared to all other combinations. In order to investigate the accurate impact of the FG structures, every cell design was printed using PLA-CF, subjected to testing devoid of any additives, and the output parameters were computed. The results indicated that the center densified cell design exhibited significant values for specific energy absorption, relative density, and compressive strength (52.63 MPa, 0.652, and 2.95 kJ kg−1, respectively). The design of the base cell exhibited the greatest crushing force efficacy of 0.982.
Pixelated non-volatile programmable photonic integrated circuits with 20-level intermediate states
Authors: Chen Wenyu , Liu Shiyuan , Zhu Jinlong
Published: February 2024

Multi-level programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) and optical metasurfaces have gained widespread attention in many fields, such as neuromorphic photonics, optical communications, and quantum information. In this paper, we propose pixelated programmable Si3N4 PICs with record-high 20-level intermediate states at 785 nm wavelength. Such flexibility in phase or amplitude modulation is achieved by a programmable Sb2S3 matrix, the footprint of whose elements can be as small as 1.2 μm, limited only by the optical diffraction limit of an in-house developed pulsed laser writing system. We believe our work lays the foundation for laser-writing ultra-high-level (20 levels and even more) programmable photonic systems and metasurfaces based on phase change materials, which could catalyze diverse applications such as programmable neuromorphic photonics, biosensing, optical computing, photonic quantum computing, and reconfigurable metasurfaces.
TOSCCA: a framework for interpretation and testing of sparse canonical correlations
Authors: Senar Nuria , van de Wiel Mark , Zwinderman Aeilko H , Hof Michel H
Published: February 2024

In clinical and biomedical research, multiple high-dimensional datasets are nowadays routinely collected from omics and imaging devices. Multivariate methods, such as Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), integrate two (or more) datasets to discover and understand underlying biological mechanisms. For an explorative method like CCA, interpretation is key. We present a sparse CCA method based on soft-thresholding that produces near-orthogonal components, allows for browsing over various sparsity levels, and permutation-based hypothesis testing. Our soft-thresholding approach avoids tuning of a penalty parameter. Such tuning is computationally burdensome and may render unintelligible results. In addition, unlike alternative approaches, our method is less dependent on the initialization. We examined the performance of our approach with simulations and illustrated its use on real cancer genomics data from drug sensitivity screens. Moreover, we compared its performance to Penalized Matrix Analysis (PMA), which is a popular alternative of sparse CCA with a focus on yielding interpretable results. Compared to PMA, our method offers improved interpretability of the results, while not compromising, or even improving, signal discovery.

Availability and implementation

The software and simulation framework are available at https://github.com/nuria-sv/toscca.