bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O jogo da captura da princesa e a introdução da noção de árvore de possibilidades
Authors: Geronimo Rafael Rix , Gatti Daniel Couto
Published: May 2021

Resumo: Esse artigo teve como objetivo descrever um relato acerca da elaboração e proposição de um jogo de tabuleiro, para introduzir a noção de árvore de possibilidades, para alunos do nono ano do Ensino Fundamental. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa-ação, na qual os pesquisadores intervieram sobre o objeto pesquisado. O jogo foi proposto em três sessões de quarenta e cinco minutos cada uma. Na primeira, os pesquisadores apresentaram o jogo e explicaram as regras, na segunda houve uma intervenção, com vistas a mostrar uma estratégia de jogo mais efetiva (o conhecimento sobre árvore de possibilidades) e na terceira foi pedido que jogassem novamente. Como resultados, foi possível observar que a intervenção dos pesquisadores foi capaz de fazer com que os estudantes mudassem suas estratégias de jogo, o que pode significar que eles atribuíram significado a noção de árvore de possibilidades, de maneira lúdica.Palavras-chave: Jogo de Tabuleiro; Combinatória; Ensino Fundamental. The princess's capture game and the introduction of the tree notion of possibilitiesAbstract: This article aimed to describe a story about the elaboration and proposal of a board game, to introduce the notion of tree of possibilities, for students of the ninth grade of elementary school. The methodology used was action research, in which the researchers intervened on the researched object. The game was proposed in three sessions of forty-five minutes each. In the first, the researchers presented the game and explained the rules, in the second there was an intervention, with a view to showing a more effective game strategy (knowledge about the tree of possibilities) and in the third, they were asked to play again. As a result, it was possible to observe that the researchers' intervention was able to make students change their game strategies, which may mean that they attributed meaning to the notion of possibilities tree, in a playful way.Keywords: Board Game; Combinatorial; Elementary School.
Alfabetização matemática de alunos bilíngues: enfoque na filosofia de Wittgenstein
Authors: Charles Marie Esther , Silveira Marisa Rosâni Abreu da
Published: May 2021

Resumo: Este texto tem como objetivo definir estratégias pedagógicas de alfabetização matemática para alunos bilíngues nos anos iniciais no Haiti. Uma das principais referências em que se baseia este estudo é o filósofo Wittgenstein que, através de seu conceito de jogo de linguagem, tema relevante desenvolvido na sua segunda filosofia, nos fornece pistas essenciais que poderiam nos ajudar a estabelecer regras relativas ao ensino e aprendizagem da matemática em uma segunda língua. De acordo com os trabalhos dos autores como Machado (1990), Cagliari (2004), Rosa e Orey (2010), Danyluk (2015) sobre a temática, buscamos encontrar diretrizes para conciliar a linguagem matemática, a lingua materna (o crioulo) e a lingua francesa. Nesse sentido, levaremos em consideração a formação dos professores, a realidade linguística e cultural dos alunos, bem como o papel dos atores envolvidos neste processo, contribuindo assim para a melhoria do ensino da matemática numa segunda língua.Palavras-chave: Alfabetização matemática; Bilinguismo; Jogos de linguagem; Linguagem matemática. Mathematical literacy of bilingual students: a focus on the philosophy of WittgensteinAbstract: This text aims to define pedagogical strategies of mathematical literacy for bilingual students in the early years in Haiti. One of the main references on which this study is based is the philosopher Wittgenstein who, through his concept of language game, a relevant theme developed in his second philosophy, provides us with essential clues who could help us to establish rules for teaching and learning mathematics in a second language. According to the works of authors such as Machado (1990), Cagliari (2004), Rosa and Orey (2010), Danyluk (2015) on the theme, we seek to find guidelines to reconcile mathematical language, mother tongue (Creole) and the French language. In this sense, we will consider the teachers' formation, the linguistic and cultural reality of the students, as well as the role of the actors involved in this process, thus contributing to the improvement of mathematics teaching in a second language.Keywords: Mathematical literacy; Bilingualism; Language games; Mathematical language.
Experimentação problematizadora: análise de uma proposta para formação continuada de professores da educação básica
Authors: Santos Débora Cristina , Tereski Letícia , Soares Débora Paulus , Marques Francisco De Assis , Aires Joanez
Published: May 2021

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo consiste em analisar as possíveis contribuições da Experimentação Problematizadora para a compreensão de conteúdos de ciências por professores que atuam no Ensino Fundamental, em um curso de formação continuada. Para realização dos experimentos do curso utilizou-se como aporte metodológico a Experimentação Problematizadora e os Três Momentos Pedagógicos. A constituição dos dados se deu a partir de questionários e notas de campo. Os resultados apontam que o curso contribuiu para a melhora da compreensão dos conteúdos de ciências abordados, por parte dos professores e troca de experiências.Palavras-chave: Ensino de Ciências; Experimentação Problematizadora; Três momentos pedagógicos. Problematizing experimentation: analysis of a proposal for continuing training of basic education teachersAbstract: The aim of this study is to analyze the possible contributions of problematizing experimentation to understanding science content through a continuing education course offered to teachers who work in elementary school. To provide the course experiments, we used as methodological contribution the Problematic Experimentation and the Three Pedagogical Moments proposed by Delizoicov and collaborators (2002). The constitution of the data was based on questionnaires and field notes. The results reveal that the course contributed to the teachers' better understanding of the contents of the sciences addressed and to experiences exchange.Keywords: Science Education; Problematizing Experimentation; Three Pedagogical Moments.
Resenha da tese: Relação professor-materiais curriculares em Educação Matemática: uma análise a partir de elementos dos recursos do currículo e dos recursos dos professores
Authors: Guimarães Douglas Ribeiro
Published: May 2021

Esse texto objetiva fazer uma resenha a respeito da tese desenvolvida por Kátia Cristina Lima Santana, doutora em Educação Matemática pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo que defende sua tese em 2017, sob orientação da Profª. Drª. Ana Lúcia Manrique. A autora hoje, atua como professora adjunta na Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRBA).
Educação Matemática: um olhar histórico-epistemológico
Authors: Agostinetto Antunes Francieli Cristina , Amplatz Lisiane Cristina , Schrenk Maykon Jhonatan , Pacheco Sibeli Mallmann
Published: May 2021

Resumo: Este texto é resultado de reflexões referentes ao tema “Educação Matemática como campo de pesquisa e profissional” em que, motivados por entender o que a compõe e como essas discussões foram se modificando ao longo do tempo, nos dedicamos a uma pesquisa bibliográfica não exaustiva para compreender o processo de construção deste campo de conhecimento, em âmbito nacional e internacional. Este estudo nos proporcionou conhecer como ocorreu a construção desta área e quais aspectos foram fundamentais em sua constituição como campo de pesquisa e profissional até os dias atuais. Além disso, ressaltamos a importância de manter vínculos entre educadores matemáticos e matemáticos, bem como entre pesquisadores e professores de Matemática, a fim de constituir uma área, profissional e acadêmica, cujos esforços estejam voltados para a produção de práticas que beneficiem o processo de ensino e aprendizagem da Matemática.Palavras-chave: Educação Matemática; Campo Científico; Campo Profissional; Formação Docente. Mathematical Education: a historical-epistemological lookAbstract: This text is the result of reflections regarding “Mathematics Education as a field of research and professional” in which, motivated to understand what makes it up and how these discussions have changed over time, we dedicate ourselves to a non-exhaustive bibliographical research to understand the process of construction of this field of knowledge at the international and national levels. This study allowed us to know how the construction of this area occurred and what aspects were fundamental in its constitution as a field of research and professional up to the present day. In addition, we emphasize the importance of maintaining the links between mathematical and mathematical educators, as well as between researchers and Mathematics teachers, in order to constitute an area, professional and academic, whose efforts are focused on the production of practices that benefit the process of teaching and learning mathematics.Keywords: Mathematics Education; Scientific Field; Professional Field; Teacher Formation.
An interactive dashboard based on MS Excel for analyzing the activities of medical organizations within the framework of a project for the implementation of lean manufacturing technology
Authors:   Medical information and Analytical Center under the Health Ministry of Khabarovsk Kray, Agievich Ye.S. , Moskvin A.A. ,   Medical information and Analytical Center under the Health Ministry of Khabarovsk Kray
Published: May 2021

The article presents a brief overview of the capabilities of an interactive dashboard based on Excel, aimed at analyzing information received from project participants (medical organizations) on the implementation of the new model of a medical organization providing primary health care in the Khabarovsk Krai
Mimetic Desire and Ressentiment in the Case of the Japan–South Korea Trade Dispute
Authors: Faraoun Ahlem
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this paper is to provide an explanatory account of the role of emotions in the trade dispute between Japan and South Korea which started in July 2019. Building on an integrated approach to the study of emotions in international relations, it argues that the collective experience of emotions in situations of conflict has to be understood in relation to the moralities assumed by the parties involved. It proposes a theoretical framework combining the concepts of mimetic desire and ressentiment coined by René Girard and Friedrich Nietzsche, respectively, in order to problematize the dialectic of power-justice underlying the processes of legitimation and self-justification by the two countries. In this sense, the strong emotional reactivity between both elites and people in South Korea and Japan can be attributed to the contradictions between the desires for superiority and equality channelled by nation-state-centred narratives. It concludes that ending the cycle of emotional reactivity requires both parties to move toward commitments to justice and empathy at the domestic and international levels.
Seoul as a Site of Labor Resistance: The Spatial Representation of Inequality and Injustice
Authors: Lee Yoonkyung
Published: May 2021

Under rising insecurity and precarity in the neoliberal labor market, Korean workers have protested mass job cuts and deteriorating working conditions. Although their grievances originate from the regions and workplaces where they are employed or laid off, the protest sites often move to major political landmarks in Seoul, the nation’s capital, with demands for political redress. These labor protests in the capital demonstrate two distinctive features of Korean labor movements in the 2000s: protests go on for a protracted period of time with few tangible results and take extreme forms of resistance. Approaching Seoul as a site of contentious politics, this study analyses the mutual nexus between labor protests and urban spaces with cases that appropriate various sites, such as Kwanghwamun (Gwanghwamun) Square, the Blue House, and the National Assembly, involving diverse tactics like long-term camp-ins, sambo ilbae (삼보일배) marches, and the occupation of structurally perilous structures. It examines which layers of inequality and injustice in the labor market, or in Korean society at large, are articulated through protest methods that spatially engage with specific urban locations in Seoul. With this investigation, the paper argues that the labor movement practices novel repertoires of resistance to neoliberal precarity by choosing the urban sites with metaphoric significance and by publicly displaying bodily torment. These new forms of contention, in turn, redefine the sense and political implication of the protest site and make the space part of the new protest repertoire.
Can changes in skin impedance be used to monitor sedation after midazolam and during recovery from anesthesia?
Authors: Kurzová A , Hess L , Slíva J , Málek J
Published: May 2021

It has been suggested that sympathetic activity, measured as changes in electrical skin impedance (SI), can be used to assess the adequacy of general anesthesia. Our prospective study investigated if measurements of skin impedance can determine levels of sedation induced by midazolam. Twenty-seven patients scheduled for arthroscopy requiring general anesthesia were served as their own control. These were blinded to the order of injections by telling them that they will be randomly administered a placebo (saline) or sedative agent. A DM 3900 multimeter was used for SI measurements. The degree of sedation was measured using the modified Observer’s Assessment of Alertness and Sedation (mOAAS) scale. Resting SI values were noted, and all participants were then administered the placebo followed 5 min later by midazolam 2 mg i.v. Five min after that, patients were administered standard general anesthesia with propofol, oxygen, nitrous oxide 60 %, and isoflurane 1 MAC via a laryngeal mask, and sufentanil 5 – 10 µg. SI significantly increased after administration of midazolam and induction of anesthesia. There were no significant differences between pre-administration (baseline) and placebo and end of surgery and end of anesthesia with closed eyes. There were highly significant differences (p<0.001) between pre-administration vs. midazolam, placebo vs. midazolam, pre-administration vs. induction of anesthesia. We found slight correlation between mOAAS and SI. There were no significant changes between the end of surgery and the end of anesthesia with closed eyes, but SI significantly decreased (p<0.01) after eyes opened.
THE USE OF IMAGE MEDIA-ASED STAD TYPE COOPERATIVE LEARNING MODEL TO IMPROVE STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES
Authors: Jariyah Ainun
Published: May 2021

This study aims to see (1) the cooperative learning model type STAD based on picture media in class VIII SMP Negeri 2 Ende Selatan; (2) The learning outcomes of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 2 Ende Selatan after the STAD type cooperative learning model is used. This research is a type of classroom action (PTK) by Kemmis Mc Taggrat model and uses a qualitative approach. Furthermore, the researchers assessed the data using (1) observation, (2) tests, (3) interviews, (4) documentation techniques. The data analysis was conducted in a descriptive qualitative manner.The results of this study indicate that (1) learning using the image-based STAD cooperative learning model involves students so that students can also play an active role in improving learning outcomes, after carrying out the learning process using the STAD type cooperative learning model based on image media. This can be shown from the final average test by providing an evaluation cycle I 54, 40 and the final test cycle II 77.95
Dampak Intensitas Penggunaan Hand Phone Pada Anak Sekolah Dasar Di Wilayah Kecamatan Umbulharjo Kota Yogyakarta
Authors: Wiyata Sri
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi dengan adanya dugaan bahwa penggunaan Hand Phone pada anak Sekolah Dasar tidak untuk mengerjakan tugas tetapi hanya untuk kegiatan hiburan semata Rumusan masalah pada penelitian ini adalah Seberapa besarkah intensitas pengunaan Handphone anak Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Umbulharjo Kota Yogyakarta. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan angket dan wawancara kepada para responden di 3 wilayah antara lain Kelurahan Semaki, Kelurahan Warungboto dan Kelurahan Mujamuju di Kota Yogyakarta. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh serta hasil wawancara yang telah dilakukan kepada para responden. Ternyata Penggunaan Hand Phone yang digunakan oleh anak Sekolah Dasar di Wilayah Kecamatan Umbulharjo Yogyakarta masih dapat dikatakan baik atau wajar. Penggunaan Hand Phone bagi anak Sekolah Dasar setiap harinya digunakan untuk mengerjakan tugas tugas sekolah. Apabila anak sudah mengalami kejenuhan dalam mengerjakan tugas  mereka beralih menggunakan Hand Phone untuk hiburan yaitu bermain game dengan teman-temannya.  Dari hasil penelitian  di lapangan menunjukkan  bahwa sampel yang digunakan adalah sebanyak 30 orang siswa dengan jumlah responden 1724.  Oleh karena itu  intensitas penggunaan  Hand Phone bagi anak Sekolah Dasar mempunyai intensitas yang tinggi dalam meningkatkan prestasi, hal ini dapat dikategorikan wajar. Hal ini didukung dengan responden yang menyatakan baik sebesar  57,8%
Terapia Eléctrica Funcional en el Manejo de la Disfagia: Una Revisión Sistemática
Authors: Noriega de la rosa Rubén Darío
Published: May 2021

La participación del Fonoaudiólogo en la rehabilitación neuromuscular orofacial y musculatura implicada en la mecánica deglutoria, se ha complementado con el uso de la terapia eléctrica funcional; esta ha carecido de evidencia científica que respalde su efectividad en los procesos de recuperación funcional. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión documental sobre el uso de la terapia eléctrica funcional en el manejo de la disfagia, a fin de crear un soporte teórico que respalde los procesos de intervención en fonoaudiología. Metodología: La revisión de la literatura se realizó en las bases de datos de Proquest, EBSCO, Scielo, Redalyc y Medic Latina. Fueron revisados artículos entre el 2008 y 2018. Para la selección de los artículos se utilizó el diagrama de flujo PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Hems for Systematic Reviews and Meta analyses). Resultados: Se revisaron 2980 artículos para exclusión por título, quedando 66 artículos en la primera depuración, de los cuales 21 fueron descartados por no cumplir con ningún criterio propuesto, 10 por repetición y 12 por no permitir el acceso al documento. Finalmente fueron considerados 23 artículos y 5 fuentes de consulta física para realizar el respectivo análisis. Conclusiones: Existe escasa evidencia científica que respalde la intervención fonoaudiológica en la disfagia con electroterapia.
Experiencias Socio Comunicativas en Adultos Mayores Usuarios de Audífonos
Authors: Castañeda Johana Estefany
Published: May 2021

El objetivo de la investigación fue describir las experiencias socio-comunicativas  en los adultos mayores usuarios de audífonos. La metodología fue cuantitativa, de tipo descriptivo, el cual contó con la participación de 20 adultos mayores, aplicando encuestas a los participantes. Se realizó revisión documental de los temas de interés, como marco de referencia y/o sustento teórico. Los resultados muestran que el 65% de la población, reporta que la experiencia con los audífonos ha sido buena o excelente. La gran mayoría de los adultos mayores  presentó hipoacusia  de grado moderado-severo. Se analizan los resultados teniendo en cuenta indicadores como: actividades y participación, utilización de dispositivos  y técnicas de comunicación, relaciones interpersonales básicas, actividades recreativas y de ocio, actividades culturales (iglesia y grupos de apoyo).
Síntomas Fononoaudiológicos y Síntomas no Motores en Pacientes con Enfermedad de Parkinson
Authors: Suárez Torres Martha , Cano Villagrasa Alejandro , Valles González Beatriz
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Este estudio descriptivo se orientó a conocer el perfil clínico-epidemiológico de la Enfermedad de Parkinson y la coexistencia entre síntomas no motores y síntomas fonoaudiológicos. Método: La muestra estuvo conformada por 34 personas con Parkinson idiopático (26 hombres y 8 mujeres), cuyas historias clínicas fueron analizadas para describir la relación entre síntomas fonoaudiológicos, como la hipofonía, la disprosodia, la disartria y la disfagia, con síntomas no motores, tales como: trastornos gastrointestinales, depresión, trastornos del sueño y deterioro cognitivo. Resultados: Los resultados señalan que las personas con Parkinson tenían edades entre los 25 a los 86 años. En cuanto a la fase, se clasificaron en: estadio I el 11,7%, II el 17,6%, III el 47%, IV el 14,7% y V el 8,8%. El 47% llegó al servicio de Fonoaudiología en una etapa avanzada de la enfermedad de Parkinson. Los síntomas no motores más frecuentes fueron trastornos del sueño (67,6%), depresión (58,8%), alteraciones gastrointestinales (29,4%) y deterioro cognitivo (15%). Los síntomas fonoaudiológicos se distribuyeron así: disprosodia (38%), hipofonía (33%), disartria (18%) y disfagia (11%). Conclusión: los trastornos del sueño y la depresión podrían tener un mayor impacto negativo en el rendimiento fonoaudiológico de las personas con Parkinson.
Expression of Drosophila Matrix Metalloproteinases in Cultured Cell Lines Alters Neural and Glial Cell Morphology
Authors: Hearst Scoty , Bednářová Andrea , Draughn Benjamin , Johnson Kennadi , Mills Desiree , Thomas Cendonia , Scales Jendaya , Keenan Eadie T. , Welcher Jewellian V. , Krishnan Natraj
Published: May 2021

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc- and calcium- dependent endopeptidases that play pivotal roles in many biological processes. The expression of several MMPs in the central nervous system (CNS) have been shown to change in response to injury and various neurological/neurodegenerative disorders. While extracellular MMPs degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) and regulate cell surface receptor signaling, the intracellular functions of MMPs or their roles in CNS disorders is unclear. Around 23 different MMPs are found in the human genome with overlapping function, making analysis of the intracellular role of human MMPs a daunting task. However, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster genome encodes only two MMPs: dMMP1 and dMMP2. To better understand the intracellular role of MMPs in the CNS, we expressed Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)- tagged dMMPs in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and C6 glioblastoma cell lines. Lipofection of GFP-dMMPs in SH-SY5Y cells enhanced nuclear rupture and reduced cell viability (coupled with increased apoptosis) as compared to GFP alone. In non-liposomal transfection experiments, dMMP1 localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus whereas dMMP2 had predominantly cytoplasmic localization in both neural and glial cell lines. Cytoplasmic localization demonstrated co-localization of dMMPs with cytoskeleton proteins which suggests a possible role of dMMPs in cell morphology. This was further supported by transient dMMP expression experiments that showed that dMMPs significantly increased neurite formation and length in neuronal cell lines. Inhibition of endogenous MMPs decreased neurite formation, length and βIII Tubulin protein levels in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Further, transient expression experiments showed similar changes in glial cell morphology, wherein dMMP expression increased glial process formation and process length. Interestingly, C6 cells expressing dMMPs had a glia-like appearance, suggesting MMPs may be involved in intracellular glial differentiation. Inhibition or suppression of endogenous MMPs in C6 cells increased process formation, increased process length, modulated GFAP protein expression, and induced distinct glial-like phenotypes. Taken together, our results strongly support the intracellular role that dMMPs can play in apoptosis, cytoskeleton remodeling, and cell differentiation. Our studies further reinforce the use of Drosophila MMPs to dissect out the precise mechanisms whereby they exert their intracellular roles in CNS disorders.
The Golgi as a “Proton Sink” in Cancer
Authors: Galenkamp Koen M. O. , Commisso Cosimo
Published: May 2021

Cancer cells exhibit increased glycolytic flux and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis. These processes increase the acidic burden on the cells through the production of lactate and protons. Nonetheless, cancer cells can maintain an alkaline intracellular pH (pHi) relative to untransformed cells, which sets the stage for optimal functioning of glycolytic enzymes, evasion of cell death, and increased proliferation and motility. Upregulation of plasma membrane transporters allows for H+ and lactate efflux; however, recent evidence suggests that the acidification of organelles can contribute to maintenance of an alkaline cytosol in cancer cells by siphoning off protons, thereby supporting tumor growth. The Golgi is such an acidic organelle, with resting pH ranging from 6.0 to 6.7. Here, we posit that the Golgi represents a “proton sink” in cancer and delineate the proton channels involved in Golgi acidification and the ion channels that influence this process. Furthermore, we discuss ion channel regulators that can affect Golgi pH and Golgi-dependent processes that may contribute to pHi homeostasis in cancer.
Engineering Promiscuous Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity of a Reductive Aminase AspRedAm for Selective Reduction of Biobased Furans
Authors: Jia Hao-Yu , Yang Zi-Yue , Chen Qi , Zong Min-Hua , Li Ning
Published: May 2021

Catalytic promiscuity is a promising starting point for improving the existing enzymes and even creating novel enzymes. In this work, site-directed mutagenesis was performed to improve promiscuous alcohol dehydrogenase activity of reductive aminase from Aspergillus oryzae (AspRedAm). AspRedAm showed the cofactor preference toward NADPH in reductive aminations, while it favored NADH in the reduction reactions. Some key amino acid residues such as N93, I118, M119, and D169 were identified for mutagenesis by molecular docking. Variant N93A showed the optimal pH and temperature of 8 and 30°C, respectively, in the reduction of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The thermostability was enhanced upon mutation of N93 to alanine. The catalytic efficiency of variant N93A (kcat/Km, 23.6 mM−1 s−1) was approximately 2-fold higher compared to that of the wild-type (WT) enzyme (13.1 mM−1 s−1). The improved catalytic efficiency of this variant may be attributed to the reduced steric hindrance that stems from the smaller side chain of alanine in the substrate-binding pocket. Both the WT enzyme and variant N93A had broad substrate specificity. Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells harboring plain vector enabled selective reduction of biobased furans to target alcohols, with the conversions of 35–95% and the selectivities of >93%. The introduction of variant N93A to E. coli resulted in improved substrate conversions (>98%) and selectivities (>99%).
Comparative Proteomics Analysis for Elucidating the Interaction Between Host Cells and Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Sun Hui , Li Jin , Wang Longjiang , Yin Kun , Xu Chao , Liu Gongzhen , Xiao Ting , Huang Bingcheng , Wei Qingkuan , Gong Maoqing , Cao Jianping
Published: May 2021

Toxoplasma gondii, a representative model organism belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa, can infect almost all warm-blooded organisms, including humans. The invasion of host cells via host–parasite interaction is the key step for T. gondii to complete its life cycle. Herein we performed tandem mass tag analysis to investigate global proteomic changes in host cells (human foreskin fibroblasts, HFFs) [HFFs infected with T. gondii (HT) vs. HFFs (H)] and T. gondii [HT vs. T. gondii (T)] during intracellular infection. Overall, 3477 and 1434 proteins were quantified, of which 375 and 1099 proteins were differentially expressed (adjusted p-value < 0.05 and >1.5 or <0.67-fold change) in host cells and T. gondii, respectively. T. gondii invasion relies on the secretion of numerous secretory proteins, which originate from three secretory organelles: micronemes, rhoptries, and dense granules. In the HT vs. T group, few secretory proteins were upregulated, such as microneme proteins (MICs: MIC6, MIC10), rhoptry bulb proteins (ROPs: ROP5, ROP17), and dense granule proteins (GRAs: GRA4, GRA5, GRA12). In contrast, dozens of known secretory proteins were significantly downregulated in T. gondii-infected HFFs. In HFFs, gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses revealed a large number of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) enriched in metabolic processes and immune-associated signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, cAMP, and Rap1 signaling pathways. Further, in case of T. gondii, DEPs were involved in ribosome biogenesis, citrate cycle, and galactose metabolism, indicating that cell biosynthesis and metabolism of T. gondii were altered after host cell invasion. These findings reveal novel modifications in the proteome of host cells as well as T. gondii, helping us better understand the mechanisms underlying host–parasite interaction.
The Role of Sialic Acids in the Establishment of Infections by Pathogens, With Special Focus on Leishmania
Authors: Cavalcante Tainá , Medeiros Mariana Medina , Mule Simon Ngao , Palmisano Giuseppe , Stolf Beatriz Simonsen
Published: May 2021

Carbohydrates or glycans are ubiquitous components of the cell surface which play crucial biological and structural roles. Sialic acids (Sias) are nine-carbon atoms sugars usually present as terminal residues of glycoproteins and glycolipids on the cell surface or secreted. They have important roles in cellular communication and also in infection and survival of pathogens. More than 20 pathogens can synthesize or capture Sias from their hosts and incorporate them into their own glycoconjugates and derivatives. Sialylation of pathogens’ glycoconjugates may be crucial for survival inside the host for numerous reasons. The role of Sias in protozoa such asTrypanosomaandLeishmaniawas demonstrated in previous studies. This review highlights the importance of Sias in several pathogenic infections, focusing onLeishmania. We describe in detail the contributions of Sias, Siglecs (sialic acid binding Ig-like lectins) and Neuraminidase 1 (NEU 1) in the course ofLeishmaniainfection. A detailed view on the structural and functional diversity ofLeishmania-related Sias and host-cell receptors will be provided, as well as the results of functional studies performed with differentLeishmaniaspecies.
Interactive CovidCampus Simulation Game: Genesis, Design, and Outcomes
Authors: Johnson-Glenberg Mina C. , Jehn Megan , Chung Cheng-Yu , Balanzat Don , Nieland Zavala Ricardo , Apostol Xavier , Rayan Jude , Taylor Hector , Kapadia Anoosh , Bartolomea Hannah
Published: May 2021

We explore how an AR simulation created by a multidisciplinary team evolved into a more interactive, student-centered learning game. TheCovidCampusexperience was designed to help college students understand how their decisions can affect their probability of infection throughout a day on campus. There were eight decision points throughout the day. Within group comparisons of immediate learning gains and self-reported behavioral changes were analyzed. Results revealed a significant increase in confidence in asking safety-related questions. Post-play, a significant majority of players listed new actions they would take to increase their safety; players were more agentic in their choices. This game allowed players to go back and replay with different choices, but only 7% chose to replay. Short, interactive desktop games may be an effective method for disseminating information about how to stay safer during a pandemic. The game appeared to positively change most players’ health behaviors related to mitigation of an infectious disease. Designers of interactive health games should strive to create multi-disciplinary teams, include constructs that allow players to agentically make decisions, and to compare outcomes over time.
Pro-inflammatory Monocyte Phenotype During Acute Progression of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Noz Marlies P. , Telgte Annemieke ter , Wiegertjes Kim , Tuladhar Anil M. , Kaffa Charlotte , Kersten Simone , Bekkering Siroon , van der Heijden Charlotte D. C. C. , Hoischen Alexander , Joosten Leo A. B. , Netea Mihai G. , Duering Marco , de Leeuw Frank-Erik , Riksen Niels P.
Published: May 2021

Background: The etiology of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) remains elusive, though evidence is accumulating that inflammation contributes to its pathophysiology. We recently showed retrospectively that pro-inflammatory monocytes are associated with the long-term progression of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs). In this prospective high-frequency imaging study, we hypothesize that the incidence of SVD progression coincides with a pro-inflammatory monocyte phenotype.

Methods: Individuals with SVD underwent monthly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for 10 consecutive months to detect SVD progression, defined as acute diffusion-weighted imaging-positive (DWI+) lesions, incident microbleeds, incident lacunes, and WMH progression. Circulating inflammatory markers were measured, cytokine production capacity of monocytes was assessed after ex vivo stimulation, and RNA sequencing was performed on isolated monocytes in a subset of participants.

Results: 13 out of 35 individuals developed SVD progression (70 ± 6 years, 54% men) based on incident lesions (n = 7) and/or upper quartile WMH progression (n = 9). Circulating E-selectin concentration (p < 0.05) and the cytokine production capacity of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 (p < 0.01) were higher in individuals with SVD progression. Moreover, RNA sequencing revealed a pro-inflammatory monocyte signature including genes involved in myelination, blood–brain barrier, and endothelial–leukocyte interaction.

Conclusions: Circulating monocytes of individuals with progressive SVD have an inflammatory phenotype, characterized by an increased cytokine production capacity and a pro-inflammatory transcriptional signature.
Along-Strike Rapid Structural and Geomorphic Transition From Transpression to Strike-Slip to Transtension Related to Active Microplate Rotation, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Sun Lei , Mann Paul
Published: May 2021

The area of southeastern Papua New Guinea includes three active microplates – the Trobriand, Woodlark, and Solomon Sea plates – that are being deformed by regional convergence between the much larger Pacific and Australian Plates. The landward extent of the plate boundary between the Trobriand and Australian Plates corresponds to the Owen-Stanley Fault Zone (OSFZ), an onland and continuous 510 km-long left-lateral strike-slip fault that forms a linear, intermontane valley within the elongate Owen-Stanley Range (OSR) and continues as a 250 km-long low-angle normal fault along the margins of Goodenough and Woodlark basins. GPS geodesy reveals that the Trobriand microplate has undergone rapid counter-clockwise rotation since the Late Miocene (8.4 Ma) and that this rotation about a nearby pole of rotation predicts transpressional deformation along the 250 km-long northwestern segment of the OSFZ, strike-slip motion along a 100 km-long central segment, and transtension along the 270 km-long ESE-trending southeastern segment of OSFZ. In order to illustrate the along-strike variations in neotectonic uplift resulting from the changing structure of the OSFZ, we delineated 3903 river segments in the northeastern side of the OSR drainage divide and derived river longitudinal profiles along each river segment. Normalized steepness indices (ksn) and knickpoint clusters are the highest and most concentrated, respectively, for the northwestern transpressional segment of the OSR, moderately high and concentrated along the southeastern segment of the OSR, and the lowest and least concentrated along the central strike-slip segment. These geomorphological indices indicate that most of the plate boundary uplift occurs along the transpressional and transtensional segments that are connected by the central strike-slip zone. Within this overall pattern of structural variation, abrupt changes in the azimuth of the OSFZ create more localized anomalies in the geomorphological indices.
Testing the Tropical Trigger Hypothesis of Abrupt Climate Variability
Authors: Oughton Jack W. , Urrego Dunia H.
Published: May 2021

Dansgaard-Oeschger oscillations (DOs) are abrupt shifts in climate, which are dramatic temperature fluctuations observed in Greenland and recorded globally. These abrupt changes are associated with the slowing and shutting down of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), but despite their importance the driving forces of DOs are not fully understood. Here we assess the role of the AMOC during DOs, the Northern vs Southern Hemisphere control on AMOC, and the possibility of neotropical moisture as a driver for abrupt climate variability. During DOs, South America has recorded a disparity between the degree of warming, and the change in precipitation at different sites. Based on our current understanding, we propose likely oceanic and continental changes in tropical South America that can help disentangle the triggers of these events. With the margins of error associated with dating sources of palaeo-data, the need for an independent chronology with multiple proxies recorded in the same record, could offer the information needed to understand the driving forces of DOs.
Pure Void Space and Fracture Pore Space in Fault-Fractured Zones
Authors: Li Xiaogang , Xu Guoqiang , Wu Chen , Yin An , Wu Shihu , Zuza Andrew V. , Chen Gang , Li Zhiwu , Xu Shaohua , Li Yiwen
Published: May 2021

Fault-fractured pore space is complex and difficult to predict and evaluate. For a single independent ramp-flat fault-bend fold structure, the pure void space between two fault walls equals the integrated fracture pore spaces within the fault damage zone if it were concentrated on the fault plane. Using an area balancing technique and geometrical relationship, we have developed a two-dimensional (2D) model to calculate the pore space of fractures associated with fault development. The development and distribution of fault detachment voids or fault fracture pore space are controlled by the physical properties of the deforming medium, mechanics of deformation, and geometry of a fault-ramp structure. We demonstrate how concordant or discordant folding of the fault wall rock affects the nature of fault-fracture pore space. The pure void space and fracture pores in the fault zone can be quantitatively described by the following parameters: initial ramp angle and height, overlap ramp length, throw and slipping displacement, stack thickness, curvature and derivation of the angle between bed and fault plane (Rθ), and dip isogons.Rθreflects the conformity of two opposite fault sections and the folding accordance of two walls, and it is a key element for the development and distribution of fracture pore space in a fault zone. Furthermore, we observed natural outcrops supporting and validating our model assumptions in the foreland fault system, Central China.
Integrating or Not-Integrating—That is the Question. Effects of Integrated Instruction on the Development of Pre-Service Biology Teachers’ Professional Knowledge
Authors: Kramer Maria , Förtsch Christian , Neuhaus Birgit J.
Published: May 2021

For successful classroom instruction, teachers require a well-founded knowledge base consisting of the three knowledge facets pedagogical-psychological knowledge (PK), content knowledge (CK), and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). However, there is not yet clarity about the circumstances and instructional pathways through which teachers can best develop these knowledge facets. In an experimental study (N= 118 pre-service biology teachers), we investigated the effects of separated instruction (knowledge facets were treated successively without linking) or integrated instruction (knowledge facets were presented in an interrelated way) on PK, CK, PCK and the application of PCK in a video-based assessment tool in comparison to a control group (receiving no instruction). Both pathways of instruction were provided by a lecturer on the curricular topic of senses and sensory organs, exemplified for the topic skin. Results point to the effectiveness of both ways of instruction in terms of knowledge increases for CK and PCK. In addition, working with the video-based assessment tool may have had an additional effect on PCK. No effects for PK could be found, possibly due to a ceiling effect. Moreover, there was no effect of the intervention on the application of PCK. However, tendencies in descriptive results indicating a possible advantage concerning separated or integrated instruction with regard to CK and PCK are discussed. Overall, our results indicate that the use of video-based tools can complement instructional approaches to knowledge acquisition.
Assessing Embodied Carbon Emission and Its Intensities in the ICT Industry: The Global Case
Authors: Dong Xiucheng , Jiang Qingzhe , Wang Jianda
Published: May 2021

With the intensification of globalization, the information and communication technologies (ICT) sector, as one of the emerging industrial sectors, has played an important role in reducing carbon emissions in regional trade and improving the energy efficiency of traded products. This article uses a multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model to explore the flow of embodied carbon emissions and embodied carbon emission intensities in the ICT sector triggered by trade in 15 major economies around the world from 2000 to 2014. The article further discusses the emission-reduction strategies of each ICT sector. The results show that: (1) The overall embodied carbon emissions of ICT have demonstrated a significant downward trend, but the proportion of embodied carbon emissions caused by trade is increasing; (2) The embodied carbon emissions in the ICT sector of most developed countries in 2014 are significantly lower than in 2000, but in developing countries such as China and India they show an upward trend during this period; (3) The ICT sector’s export embodied carbon emission intensity in Indonesia is much higher than that of other countries, and the embodied carbon emissions of ICT exported by Mexico have increased significantly; (4) The manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products (S1) is the main contributor to the ICT sector’s embodied carbon emissions, while import embodied carbon emission intensities among publishing activities (S2) are increasing significantly in most countries. The conclusion of this paper has important implications for how to reduce ICT’s embodied carbon emissions of major countries.
Peroxiredoxin 3 Inhibits Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Pyroptosis Through the Regulation of Mitochondrial ROS
Authors: Wang Yue , Zhao Yan , Wang Zhecheng , Sun Ruimin , Zou Boyang , Li Ruixi , Liu Deshun , Lin Musen , Zhou Junjun , Ning Shili , Tian Xiaofeng , Yao Jihong
Published: May 2021

Pyroptosis is a newly discovered form of cell death. Peroxiredoxin 3 (PRX3) plays a crucial role in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), but its hepatoprotective capacity in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver disease remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the role of PRX3 in the regulation of pyroptosis during APAP-mediated hepatotoxicity. We demonstrated that pyroptosis occurs in APAP-induced liver injury accompanied by intense oxidative stress and inflammation, and liver specific PRX3 silencing aggravated the initiation of pyroptosis and liver injury after APAP intervention. Notably, excessive mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) was observed to trigger pyroptosis by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome, which was ameliorated by Mito-TEMPO treatment, indicating that the anti-pyroptotic role of PRX3 relies on its powerful ability to regulate mtROS. Overall, PRX3 regulates NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis in APAP-induced liver injury by targeting mitochondrial oxidative stress.
Cerebrospinal Fluid IL-17A Could Predict Acute Disease Severity in Non-NMDA-Receptor Autoimmune Encephalitis
Authors: Levraut Michael , Bourg Véronique , Capet Nicolas , Delourme Adrien , Honnorat Jérôme , Thomas Pierre , Lebrun-Frenay Christine
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Most of our knowledge into autoimmune encephalitis (AE) comes from N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. The concentrations of cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) including IL-17A have been found to be increased and associated with poor outcome. However, data on the cytokine concentration in CSF and its correlation with outcome is lacking for other types of AE.

Objective

To report the concentrations of CSF sIL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-17A and to correlate it with acute disease severity and the 1-year outcome in non-NMDAR AE.

Methods

We measured the CSF concentration of each cytokine in 20 AE patients, and compared IL-6 and IL-17A concentrations with 13 patients with CNS demyelinating diseases and 20 non-inflammatory controls. Patients were > 18yr and had at least 1-year clinical follow-up. Intracellular and NMDAR antibody (Ab) -mediated encephalitis were excluded. A mRS ≤ 2 was retained as a 1-year good outcome.

Results

The IL-17A concentration in CSF was higher in AE patients than in both control groups (p<0.01). No difference was observed in CSF concentration of IL-6 between groups. At disease onset, a high CSF IL-17A concentration correlated with a high modified Rankin Scale (p<0.05), a high Clinical Assessment Scale for Autoimmune Encephalitis score (p<0.001) and ICU admission (p<0.01). There was no correlation between the concentration of all CSF cytokines and the 1-year clinical outcome.

Conclusion

Our results show that CSF IL-17A could be interesting to assess initial severity in non-NMDAR AE. Thus, CSF IL-17A could be an interesting therapeutic target and be useful to assess early selective immunosuppressive therapy.
Effect of Ni3Sn4 on the Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue Life of Solder Joints in 3D IC
Authors: Zhang Liang , Zhong Su-Juan
Published: May 2021

In this article, the 3D integration with Ni/Sn/Ni joints was conducted using transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding (250°C, 0.2 N) with different bonding time. After TLP bonding, plane-type Ni3Sn4 intermetallic compound (IMC) was observed, and when the bonding time is 180 min, complete Ni3Sn4 was found. The diffusion coefficient D was determined to be 32.4 μm2/min. Based on the finite element (FE) simulation, the results demonstrated that the shear stress and equivalent creep strain increased obviously with an increase in the IMC thickness; the results calculated show that the IMC thickness impacts the fatigue life of solder joints significantly, and the fatigue life decreases notably with an increase in the Ni3Sn4 thickness.
The Use of Fecal Microbiome Transplant in Treating Human Diseases: Too Early for Poop?
Authors: Ser Hooi-Leng , Letchumanan Vengadesh , Goh Bey-Hing , Wong Sunny Hei , Lee Learn-Han
Published: May 2021

Fecal microbiome transplant (FMT) has gained popularity over the past few years, given its success in treating several gastrointestinal diseases. At the same time, microbial populations in the gut have been shown to have more physiological effects than we expected as “habitants” of the gut. The imbalance in the gut microbiome or dysbiosis, particularly when there are excessive harmful pathogens, can trigger not just infections but can also result in the development of common diseases, such as cancer and cardiometabolic diseases. By using FMT technology, the dysbiosis of the gut microbiome in patients can be resolved by administering fecal materials from a healthy donor. The current review summarizes the history and current uses of FMT before suggesting potential ideas for its high-quality application in clinical settings.