bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hicks on Sellars, Price, and the Myth of the Given
Authors: Triplett Timm
Published: May 2023

In a previous issue of this journal, Michael Hicks challenges my critique of Wilfrid Sellars’s arguments against the given and against the foundationalist epistemology that relies on the idea of a sensory given. I had argued that Sellars’s well-known claim that the given is a myth does not succeed because at a critical juncture he misconstrued sense-datum theorists such as Bertrand Russell and H. H. Price. In his response to my argument, Hicks makes the striking claim that Sellars was not targeting foundationalism at all in his discussion of the myth of the given. Hicks reconstructs a key argument in “Empiricism and thePhilosophy of Mind” (EPM) in a way intended both to avoid any reference to foundationalism and to do a more effective job than does Sellars’s original argument in uncovering a dilemma for traditional empiricism. The present paper challenges Hicks on two fronts. First, it argues that Hicks’s reconstruction is not more successful than Sellars’s original argument. Second, a review of relevant passages in makes clear that the critique of foundationalism is a prominent aspect of Sellars’s multi-faceted attack on the given. The conclusion reasserts the significance of Sellars’s place in the history of twentieth-century analytic philosophy.
Fraser MacBride, On the Genealogy of Universals: The Metaphysical Origins of Analytic Philosophy
Authors: Elkind Landon D. C.
Published: May 2023

Reviewed by Landon D. C. Elkind
Sean Morris: Quine, New Foundations, and the Philosophy of Set Theory
Authors: Wagner Henri
Published: May 2023

Reviewed by Henri Wagner.
Strictures on an Exhibition
Authors: Yates Alexander Robert
Published: May 2023

In Grundgesetze der Arithmetik, Frege tried to show that arithmetic is logical by giving gap-free proofs from what he took to be purely logical basic laws. But how do we come to judge these laws as true, and to recognize them as logical? The answer must involve giving an account of the apparent arguments Frege provides for his axioms. Following Sanford Shieh, I take these apparent arguments to instead be exhibitions: the exercise of a logical capacity in order to bring us into a state of judgement. I provide an account of what sort of inferential capacities are at play in such exhibitions, and explain how they lead us to judge that Frege’s primitive laws are general and undeniable. I will also situate my account with respect to other rival interpretations, particularly the elucidatory interpretations of Joan Weiner and Thomas Ricketts.
Preface
Authors: Jiang Yi , Majetschak Stefan
Published: May 2023

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“A misleading parallel”: Wittgenstein on Conceptual Confusion in Psychology and the Semantics of Psychological Concepts
Authors: Majetschak Stefan
Published: May 2023

After 1945, when the Philosophical Investigations were largely finished, Wittgenstein spent his final years undertaking an intensive study of the grammar of our psychological concepts and the philosophical misinterpretations we often assign to them.
In the article at hand I do not claim to fathom the full range of Wittgenstein’s thoughts on the philosophy of psychology even in the most general way. Rather it is my intention to shed some light on a diagnosis which he made for the psychology of his time. In Section 2 of this paper I would like to provide a brief sketch of what Wittgenstein considered to be the conceptual confusion prevalent in psychology and to suggest why he did not expect the methods of an experimental (natural) science to be successful in solving the problems that concern us in psychology. In Section 3 I’ll attempt to analyze how psychological concepts, according to Wittgenstein, might be construed in order to avoid any type of conceptual confusion.
Frege's Choice
Authors: Kim Junyeol
Published: May 2023

I develop a new reading of Frege’s argument for the indefinability of truth. I concentrate on what Frege literally says in the passage that contains the argument. This literal reading of the passage establishes that the indefinability argument is an arguably sound argument to the following conclusion: provided that the Fregean conception of judgment—which has recently been countered by Hanks—is correct and that truth is a property of truth-bearers, a vicious infinite regress is produced. Given this vicious regress, Frege chooses to reject that truth is a property of truth-bearers. Frege’s choice leads to a unique version of the Fregean conception of judgment. His unique conception of judgment can cope with Hanks’s recent criticisms against the Fregean conception.
Epistemic Realism in Bradley and Early Moore
Authors: Pesci Francesco
Published: May 2023

In this paper I attempt to show how Moore’s early emancipation from Bradley’s absolute idealism presupposes a fundamental adherence to certain theses of absolute idealism itself. In particular, I argue that the idea of an immediate epistemic access to concepts and propositions that Moore endorses in his platonic atomism (Hylton) is a reworking of a form of epistemic realism already present in Bradley. Epistemic realism is the conjunction of two theses: i) reality is independent of any constructive work of the human mind; ii) reality is immediately (non-discursively) accessible to knowledge. In this paper I first focus on Moore’s early idealist phase (1897), suggesting that it should be understood as an attempt at isolating this thesis in Bradley against Kant’s transcendental idealism. I then suggest that it is on the background of an invariant adherence to it that we should understand Moore’s later rejection of monism and idealism (1898–9) through his anti-psychologism. I hence explore how epistemic realism is at work in Moore’s platonic atomism and conclude with some remarks about the further significance of Moore’s rejection of Kant.
Cavell and the "History of the Rejection of the Human"
Authors: Guetti Edward
Published: May 2023

This essay focuses on the explosive claim Cavell inserts in the middle of The Claim of Reason that a narrative history of a certain style of philosophy should be called “Philosophy and the Rejection of the Human.” In order to understand the accusation, I shape interpretations of what Cavell means by nearly each of the terms of this dramatic sentence. I begin by comparing senses of “philosophy” by way of a comparison with Rorty’s critical review of The Claim of Reason; I proceed by underlining how, in Cavell’s work, the notion “human” and its rejection also is entangled with that which Cavell describes as “skepticism.” It is necessary, therefore, to understand whether there is a specific characteristic difference between skepticism and the style of philosophy that is implicated in the “rejection of the human.” It seems as if there should be a difference, given Cavell’s notorious approval of the truth or the moral of skepticism and the apparent criticism of the philosophical style that rejects the human. I show that the difference can be discovered by focusing on Cavell’s understanding of criteria. In particular, I emphasize the (open) space of a subject’s relation to criteria, a subjective claim to universality without objectivity, in pursuing and extending Cavell’s own appeal to Kant’s Critique of Judgment. It is this subjective component that is rejected in the style of philosophy that Cavell singles out.
Cavell and Philosophical Vertigo
Authors: Pritchard Duncan
Published: May 2023

My interest is the kind of philosophical vertigo that is a theme of Cavell’s work on scepticism. This describes the anxiety that is elicited via philosophical engagement with certain kinds of sceptical questions (e.g., rule-following, other minds, external world scepticism). There is a standing puzzle about this notion of vertigo, however, forcefully pressed, for example, by McDowell. Why should a resolution of the sceptical problem, one that putatively completely undercuts the motivation for scepticism in that domain, nonetheless generate vertigo in this sense? I aim to resolve the puzzle, in a way that I believe underwrites this Cavellian notion, via consideration of Wittgenstein’s remarks on the structure of rational evaluation in his final notebooks, published as On Certainty.
Cavell and the Quest for a Voice
Authors: Miguens Sofia
Published: May 2023

In this article I focus on Cavell’s theme of finding one’s voice, as it is articulated with reference to the philosophies of language of Wittgenstein and Austin. I start by spelling out Cavell’s Wittgensteinian-Austinian view of culture as the background for his approach to aesthetics and ethics. I then set out to explore the work done by the theme in aesthetics and ethics around the notion claim. I argue that Cavell’s effort to counter the pull of non-cognitivism in aesthetics and ethics, building on the notion claim, is not only illuminating of his unique way of inheriting the history of analytic philosophy but also gives us a glimpse of where and how Continental and analytic philosophy may again cross paths in the future.
Logic and Voice
Authors: Hammer Espen
Published: May 2023

In this paper, I aim to reconstruct and discuss Stanley Cavell’s interpretation and critique of analytic philosophy. Cavell objects to the tradition of analytic philosophy that, in its eagerness to provide abstract, theoretical reconstructions, it has failed to understand the importance of “the human voice” for philosophy. First, I outline Cavell’s retelling of the history of analytic philosophy from Frege and Russell to ordinary language philosophy. Second, I turn to Cavell’s reading of Kierkegaard and Wittgenstein in order to show what the suppression of the human voice is supposed to mean and entail. Central to Cavell’s account is a particular view of language according to which no structure can explain our capacity for sense-making. Third, I exemplify Cavell’s approach by analyzing his debate with Kripke. Kripke sees the absence of “rails” determining meaning as a skeptical problem and calls for a communal solution. Cavell, by contrast, accepts the absence of rails while highlighting the need for individual responsiveness. In the conclusion I contrast the analytic interest in theory, structure, and abstraction with what I see as Cavell’s humanism. While respectful of key aspects of the analytic tradition such as its commitment to rigor and transparency, Cavell wished to bring the human subject back into philosophy.
ENSURING INCREASED RELIABILITY AND EFFICIENCY OF HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEMS DUE TO THE USE OF MICROTURBINES IN CONDITIONS OF UNSTABLE POWER SUPPLY
Authors:   Odessa Polytechnic National University, Mazurenko A. , Klymchuk O. ,   Odessa Polytechnic National University, Luzhanska G. ,   Odessa Polytechnic National University, Ivanov P. ,   Odessa Polytechnic National University, Sergeiev I. ,   Odessa Polytechnic National University
Published: May 2023

Research on the effectiveness of using microturbines for reliable energy supply during the operation of boilers, heat pumps and other small and non-traditional energy systems. In view of the total global economy of fuel and energy resources, the difficult energy situation in Ukraine, the issues of energy saving and reliable operation of heat supply systems, including autonomous ones, come first. The development and implementation of new technologies in the field of small energy are becoming more and more relevant. The compact size of energy generators, and, accordingly, their mobility, arouse interest in research, development and application in small energy of modern autonomous power generation installations. Thermal power plants with different types of aggregates can be used as autonomous units, each of which can be rational for one or another specific field of application and type of fuel. Today, there are number of problems that make it possible to organize a reliable energy supply. Among them: energy deficit in the regions, lack of high-quality energy infrastructure, interruptions in energy supply, low energy efficiency of generation, high wear and tear of thermal power plant equipment and network infrastructure, lack of centralized heat supply in remote areas, high energy intensity of production. Now for consumers there are a number of obstacles in the reliable operation of the energy supply system, so the use of microturbines as an energy source for objects of various purposes will allow to effectively solving this problem. The use of counter-pressure steam microturbines in boiler rooms with steam boilers is the easiest way to utilize the energy of the steam flow to generate electricity and further utilize the steam heat in the boiler. The transfer of existing boiler houses to mini-CHP will make these enterprises highly profitable. In the calculations, the boilers of the DKVR series, which are predominant today in boiler rooms, were taken as the basic boilers. The calculation of the microturbine impeller is based on the Euler equation for plane-parallel flow. After analyzing the studies of the microturbine, it is possible to conclude about the expediency of its use to increase the efficiency and reliability of the operation of autonomous power plants.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE MPPT-CONTROLLER FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES ON MOSFET TRANSISTORS
Authors:   Odessa Polytechnic National University, Lopakov O. , Kosmachevskiy V. ,   Odessa Polytechnic National University, Babych Y. ,   Odessa Polytechnic National University, Tigarev V. ,   Odessa Polytechnic National University, Babych M. ,   Odessa Polytechnic National University
Published: May 2023

This article discusses field tests and practical implementation of a low-voltage LED lighting system with renewable energy sources in an autonomous facility and the development of a model for optimal temperature control in an autonomous facility. The method of complex management of the power supply system using the Smart controller of the energy supply of the autonomous object is also considered. To implement the mathematical model, the Simulink and SimPowerSystems software for visual modeling included in the MatLab package was used. The use of this software allows you to simulate complex electrical systems. The advantage of using this program is the combination of methods of structural and simulation modeling, and this approach provides the flexibility of the system for the model being developed, greatly simplifies the model, and therefore increases the speed of calculations. When developing indoor temperature control systems, a number of problems arise, such as determining the time required the temperature to rise to provide the set values to the required moment, choosing the temperature control algorithm and determining the parameters of the selected algorithm. The task of choosing the control law and the type of controller is to choose such a controller, which at minimum cost and maximum reliability would provide the specified quality of regulation. In this article, the choice was made on the PID regulator, since with a jump-like change of the regulated value, the PID regulator at the initial moment of time has an infinitely large influence on the object of regulation. Then the magnitude of the influence drops sharply to the value determined by the proportional component, after which the integral component of the regulator begins to exert its influence constantly. The transient process in PID controllers has minimal deviations in amplitude and time compared to P and PI controllers (i.e., the highest speed).
BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR CONSTRUCTING MIXING FUNCTIONS BASED ON THE SIMPLEST LINEAR AND NONLINEAR MAPPINGS
Authors:   Odessa Polytechnic National University, Grybniak S. , Dmitrishin D. ,   Odessa Polytechnic National University
Published: May 2023

This article is dedicated to exploring the possibility of using the simplest principles of nonlinear discrete dynamic systems theory in computer cryptography, which are characterized by their chaotic behavior. The main problem of using chaotic systems in computer calculations is that the number of possible states in a computer is finite. Therefore, computer models of chaos are only an approximation of the true chaotic behavior, and each trajectory of the approximated system is periodic. From a mathematical point of view, encryption in information systems involves transforming the space of finite messages, which is similar to the phase space in the theory of dynamical systems. The mixing function specifies such encryption. The main requirements for the mixing function are the absence of collisions, i.e., bijectivity of the mapping, good diffusion properties, and, in addition, the inverse transformation should not be more complicated than the direct one. The article demonstrates that it is possible to utilize the diffusion properties of nonlinear dynamical systems in spaces with a finite number of states by using the simplest nonlinear mapping, Tent. To enhance the diffusion properties, a superposition of the nonlinear Tent map and the linear permutation map (in the more general case of the Hill map) was used. The main advantages of the constructed functions are their simplicity of implementation, speed of calculations in mixing problems, and strong cryptographic persistence. Correlation analysis, sensitivity analysis, and analysis of the lengths of cycle periods that divide the space into non-overlapping subsets have been conducted for these functions. As a result, the expected good diffusion properties of these mixing functions are confirmed. The possibility of applying these functions to image encryption is demonstrated.
The Widower’s Haunting Memories of His Late Wife in The Apple Tree by Daphne Du Maurier
Authors: Asmarani Ratna
Published: May 2023

The focus of analyzing the short story entitled The Apple Tree by Daphne du Maurier is on the haunting memories experienced by the husband concerning his late wife. The analysis is divided into several points; namely, the general memories of the late wife felt by the husband, a brief analysis on the husband (Buzz) and wife (Midge), the triggers of the husband’s memories, and the drastic action executed by the husband to stop the haunting memories leading to an unexpected result. The combination of methods used is to support the analysis. The textual reading is supported by close reading to dig out the important details. The contextual method in the form of borrowing suitable concepts is used to complete the textual method focusing on character and conflict. The analysis is presented using qualitative method. The result of the analysis shows that growing subjective memories of the late wife may culminate in an unreasonable hatred toward the old apple tree. Driven by uncontrolled imagination based on one-sided memories, the husband has to face unforeseen calamity alone and lonely.
ACL surgery: reasons for failure and management
Authors: Diquattro Emanuele , Jahnke Sonja , Traina Francesco , Perdisa Francesco , Becker Roland , Kopf Sebastian
Published: May 2023

Despite the general success of anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions (ACL-R), there are still studies reporting a high failure rate. Orthopedic surgeons are therefore increasingly confronted with the treatment of ACL retears, which are often accompanied by other lesions, such as meniscus tears and cartilage damage and which, if overlooked, can lead to poor postoperative clinical outcomes.

The literature shows a wide variety of causes for ACL-R failure. Main causes are further trauma and possible technical errors during surgery, among which the position of the femoral tunnel is thought to be one of the most important.

A successful postoperative outcome after ACL-revision surgery requires good preoperative planning, including a thorough evaluation of patient's medical history, e.g. instability during daily or sports activity, increased general joint laxity, and hints for a low-grade infection. A careful clinical examination should be performed. Additionally, comprehensive imaging is necessary. Besides a magnetic resonance imaging, a CT scan is helpful to determine location of tunnel apertures and to analyze for tunnel enlargement. A lateral knee radiograph is helpful to determine the tibial slope.

The range of surgical options for the treatment of ACL-R failure is broad today. Orthopedic surgeons and experts in Sports Medicine must deal with various possible associated injuries of the knee or unfavorable anatomical conditions for ACL-R.

The aim of this review was to highlight predictors and reasons of failures of ACL-R as well as describe diagnostic procedures to individualize treatment strategies for improved outcome after revision ACL-R.
Role of heme oxygenase-1 in tumor immune escape
Authors: Nitti Mariapaola , Ortolan Jasmin , Furfaro Anna Lisa
Published: May 2023

The inducible enzyme heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) plays a pivotal role in cell defense against different kind of stressors, from oxidative stress to hypoxia. For this reason, HO-1 overexpression has been correlated to cancer aggressiveness in different tumors, being one of the molecular mechanisms used by tumor cells to become resistant to therapies. In addition, HO-1 has a well-recognized role in restraining immune response and in maintaining tolerance. In this context, the possibility that HO-1 induction in immune cells can reduce immune response to cancer and impair cancer immune therapy becomes a hot topic in cancer research. In this review, the most recent evidence pointing out the role of HO-1 in generating a permissive tumor microenvironment has been discussed as well as the most promising therapeutic approaches to increase effectiveness of immune therapies.
Umbilical cord hematoma – a successful case of a non-frequent acute fetal distress etiology
Authors: Ferreira Ana Cristóvão , Soares Inês Pereira , Sousa Sara , Ferreira Patrícia , Ramos Daniela
Published: May 2023

Background: Umbilical cord hematoma is a rare condition, with mortality rates up to 50%. Most of the literature describes cases with poor prognosis. Case description: In this case, a healthy pregnant woman in labor presented some variable decelerations on the fetal heart rate monitoring ending in sustained bradycardia. An emergency C-section was performed, giving birth to a 40-weeks male newborn with an umbilical cord hematoma until placental insertion and, slightly stump bleeding. Newborn got pale and, had respiratory distress in the first hour of life. He presented transient metabolic acidosis with hyperlacticaemia and, anemia. There was a favorable evolution with supportive therapy. No risk factor was identified and, histological examination confirmed the diagnosis. The patient remained asymptomatic and, presented normal neurodevelopment during follow-up. Discussion: This case report aims to demonstrate a good outcome when a high level of suspicion is taken and immediate medical and, surgical interventions are performed
Study on drag reduction of annular heavy oil transport based on thin oil boundary layer
Authors: Du Mingjun , Jing Jiaqiang , Zhang Zhigui , Yi Ran , Teng Yu
Published: May 2023

In this paper, thin oil is used as the boundary layer fluid to carry out the drag reduction experiment of heavyoil. The research shows that when the ratio of the thin oil reaches 45%~50%, the decrement of annular dilution pressure is nearly the same as that of the mixed dilution method, and the annular dilution pressure decreases rapidly with the increasing of dilution ratio; while the ratio reaches 65%,the annular dilution pressure drop is only 25% to 35% of the mixed dilution pressure drop.Fixed thin oil ratio to 50%,when the conveying temperature is higher than 55°C,the annular dilution pressure is lower than the mixed dilution pressure drop; when the ratio is 60%, the annular dilution pressuredrop is lower than the mixed dilution pressure drop in the whole test temperature range, which proves that the drag reduction effect is remarkable.
Experimental study of polar solvents effect on the structure of carbonate reservoir
Authors: Ghassem-Alaskari Mohammad Kamal , Tohidi Nik Ali Asghar
Published: May 2023

For routine and special core analysis, first we plugged cores for removing oil, water, evaporates, drilling mud and other contaminants and then washed with solvents and dried out. The common washing for some cores is that, they do not wash part of evaporates, asphaltenes, surfactants or drilling materials in the rock samples. Without removing these contaminants, the porosity and permeability calculated from these rock samples are not precise at all. In case of washing samples, there is always a problem in conducting tests on cores in laboratories. In this research, we tried to minimize the possible damages in this process by detecting a sample with predominant clay minerals based on X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) test and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) test of the samples, then washing with 3 different solvents by Soxhlet extractor. Finally, we, measured the strength of the wettability changes of each sample. This can be evaluated with Zeta potential test. After providing SEM and microscopic images, we compared the damages to each other. Then with the EDS test, we investigated the removal of the elements in the sample by its solvent. In this study, different solvents were tested on clay minerals with the aim of identifying the effect of these solvents and comparing the different effects on these samples. Pre- and post- analyzes were performed at optimal conditions for washing and drying.
Local diffeomorphisms and smooth embeddings to gravitational field II: spherical symmetry and their breaking in the space-time
Authors: F Bulnes , S Fominko
Published: May 2023

Consequences of the diffeomorphisms induced by K− invariant connections of the space of 1-forms of certain endomorphisms defined over a Lie algebra that is isomorphic to the tangent space seated in the identity element, of homogeneous spaces G/K⊂G/H , are analized. The images of these diffeomorphisms in G/H , are 2-form of curvatures that can be induced to each class of the G/K . Then using the K− invariant connection of this homogeneous space, the curvature can be determined as a regular representation that admits a finite discomposing of irreducible sub-representations of finite type, accord with the generalizing in dimensions of the Gauss-Bonnet theorem and the generalized Radon transform to obtain curvature through of co-cycles of the image of the corresponding space. Such irreducible sub-representations will be isotopic components of the certain smoothly embedded image in a manifold modelled this last, by a generalized function space. Likewise, through these realizations we have the curvature integrals as dual case of their field equations. Finally, using the complex Riemannian structure of our model of the space-time, and the K− invariant G− structure of the orbits used to obtain curvature, are obtained as consequences of the diffeomorphisms the field equations to the energy-matter tensor density in each case of the gravitational field. Of this manner, is determined their energy-mass tensor density as an integral which represents the energy spectra of the curvature when this is obtained in duality to the homogeneous field equations to the Riemann tensor Rμν−12gμν R.
Fundamentals of optical coherence tomography: a critical review
Authors: H Ullah , F Andleeb , F Hussain
Published: May 2023

The main objective of this work is to go through fundamentals, mechanism and types of the state of the art emerging imaging modality i.e. optical coherence tomography (OCT) for non-invasive 3D imaging of bio tissues. This work consists of literature studied critically for OCT’s contribution in axial scanning of bio tissues with it different types to the best of our knowledge. Doppler optical coherence tomography (D-OCT) and speckle variance optical coherence tomography (SV-OCT) for blood flow assessment and blood microvasculatures on micron-scale resolution with dorsal skin-fold window chamber model (WCM) of mouse, Fourier domain common path (FD-CP-OCT) for applications in the setting of delicate microsurgical procedures such as intraocular retinal surgery have been explored. We conclude that OCT is the promised imaging modality in 3D regime for non-invasive applications.
Application of transformation optics for the purpose of cloaking
Authors: HH Sidhwa
Published: May 2023

The advent of transformation optics has lead to the initiation of designing devices and applications associated to electromagnetic wave propagation in anisotropic media. Here, a method is suggested using a coordinate transformation with spherical coordinates for the purpose of designing a three dimensional cloak for a body having an arbitrary convex geometry. For the purpose of verification of the algorithm, a ray tracing process is carried out for an ellipsoid having axial symmetry.
An alternative classification of solar particle events that reach the earth ground level
Authors: Peraza J Pérez , Adame JC Márquez
Published: May 2023

There is currently a controversy in the literature about the denomination of Energetic Solar Protons, which are usually designated as Ground Level Enhancements (GLE), Sub-GLE or simply Solar Energetic Particles (SEP). Such classifications depend on the nature of a given event behavior. There is some criteria discrepancy among different authors that we have pointed out in the first part of this work. In order to unify criteria, here we carry out an analysis of several data bases and different catalogs of particle events. We observe that there is some discrepancy in the conceptualization of events in the specialized literature, and we hereby propose a reconceptualization in the sense that all GLE fulfill the criteria given in the literature to be considered as GLE, even those that have been classified recently as Sub-GLE/GLE for the particular case of the present cycle 24 To discern the kind of solar particle enhancements occurring during the present Solar Cycle, we base our work on different database of NM, data from the SOHO satellite catalogue and SEP catalogs. This leads us to recommend a reconceptualization of the kind of involved events. Our proposal is to name the event according to its date of occurrence, which leads us to avoid renumbering in case of detecting an intermediate event between two others already officially numbered, in the specific case of GLE. We propose, for instance, the following nomenclature: GLE dd/mm/yyyy. Another option is to consider all events that reach the terrestrial level simply as GLE with the first nomenclature just given above, which obviously includes GLE and Sub-GLE.
Impact of molar ratio of NH3 and H2O on CO2 reduction performance over Cu/TiO2 photocatalyst
Authors: Nishimura Akira
Published: May 2023

Cu-doped TiO2 (Cu/TiO2) film photocatalyst was prepared by sol-gel dip-coating, and pulse arc plasma process. The netlike glass fiber was used as a base material for the photocatalyst since it had a porous structure. The CO2 reduction performance with NH3 and H2O into CO and CH4 over the Cu/TiO2 photocatalyst was investigated experimentally under the illumination condition with UV as well as without UV. In addition, the characterization of prepared Cu/TiO2 film coated on netlike glass fiber was analyzed by SEM and EPMA. As a result, the CO2 reduction performance peaks under the condition of CO2/NH3/H2O=1:1:1 in both cases with UV light and without UV light illumination. The highest molar quantity of CO and CH4 per weight of photocatalyst in the reactor is 10.2 μmol/g and 1.76 μmol/g, respectively. Comparing the CO2 reduction characteristics for CO2/NH3/H2O with that for CO2/H2O, it is concluded that the proper combination of NH3 and H2O would be effective for promoting the CO2 reduction performance over Cu/TiO2, for the improving of the reduction performance of Cu/TiO2 being necessary to promote the conversion from NH3 into H2.
Unrestricted hartree-fock computational simulation in a protonated rhodochrosite crystal
Authors: Gobato Ricardo , Risso Gobato Marcia Regina , Heidari Alireza , Mitra Abhijit
Published: May 2023

In this paper, compact effective potentials, charge distribution, Atomic Polar Tensor (APT) and Mulliken charges were studied using a unrestricted Hartree-Fock computational simulation in a protonated rhodochrosite crystal. The rhodochrosite crystal unit cell of structure CMn6O8, where the charge distribution by the molecule was verified in the UHF CEP-4G (Effective core potential (ECP) minimal basis), UHF CEP-31G (ECP split valance) and UHF CEP-121G (ECP triple-split basis). The largest load variation in the APT and Mulliken methods were obtained in the CEP-121G basis set, with δ=2.922 e δ=2.650 u.a., respectively, being δAPT> δMulliken. The maximum absorbance peaks in the CEP-4G, CEP-31G and CEP-121G basis set are present at the frequencies 2172.23 cm-1, with a normalized intensity of 0.65; 2231.4 cm-1 and 0.454; and 2177.24 cm-1 and 1.0, respectively. An in-depth study is necessary to verify the absorption by the tumoral and non-tumoral tissues of rhodochrosite, before and after irradiating of synchrotron radiation using Small–Angle X–Ray Scattering (SAXS), Ultra–Small Angle X–Ray Scattering (USAXS), Fluctuation X–Ray Scattering (FXS), Wide–Angle X–Ray Scattering (WAXS), Grazing–Incidence Small–Angle X–Ray Scattering (GISAXS), Grazing–Incidence Wide–Angle X–Ray Scattering (GIWAXS), Small–Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS), Grazing–Incidence Small–Angle Neutron Scattering (GISANS), X–Ray Diffraction (XRD), Powder X–Ray Diffraction (PXRD), Wide–Angle X–Ray Diffraction (WAXD), Grazing– Incidence X–Ray Diffraction (GIXD) and Energy–Dispersive X–Ray Diffraction (EDXRD). Later studies could check the advantages and disadvantages of rhodochrosite in the treatment of cancer through synchrotron radiation, such as one oscillator crystal.
Utilization from ultraviolet to infrared light for CO2 reduction with P4O10/TiO2 photocatalyst
Authors: Nishimura Akira , Mae Homare , Kato Takahiro , Hu Eric
Published: May 2023

This study aims to extend the light spectrum which could be absorbed by TiO2 to infrared ray light (IR) by loading P4O10 in order to promote the CO2 reduction performance of TiO2 photocatalyst. Three ranges of light with P4O10/TiO2 film are studied, which are ultra violet light (UV) + visible light (VIS) + IR, VIS + IR, and IR only. This study also investigates the impact of molar ratio of CO2/H2O or CO2/NH3 on the CO2 reduction characteristics of P4O10/TiO2 film. The largest CO2 reduction performance in case of CO2/H2O and CO2/NH3 is obtained at CO2:H2O = 1:1 and CO2:NH3 = 3:2 respectively, irrespective of light illumination condition. With IR light illumination only, the largest molar quantity of CO per unit weight of photocatalyst for P4P10/TiO2 film in case of CO2/H2O and CO2/NH3 is 2.36 mmol/g and 33.4 mmol/g, respectively.
Keanekaragaman Jenis Nyamuk yang Berpotensi Sebagai Vektor Penyakit (Diptera: Culicidae) di Taman Nasional Baluran, Indonesia
Authors: Purwatiningsih Purwatiningsih , Oktarianti Rike , Setiawan Rendy , Agustin Wahyu Tri , Mursyidah Aida
Published: May 2023

AbstrakNyamuk famili Culicidae berperan sebagai vektor penyakit malaria, demam berdarah, dan demam chikungunya. Resort Labuhan Merak memiliki potensi besar sebagai tempat perindukan berbagai jenis nyamuk, baik sebagai vektor penyakit atau bukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis nyamuk yang berperan sebagai vektor penyakit di Resort Labuhan Merak Kawasan Taman Nasional Baluran berdasarkan karakteristik morfologi. Pengambilan koleksi nyamuk dewasa dilakukan dengan metode landing collection. Nyamuk ditangkap dengan cara koleksi aktif menggunakan aspirator. Lokasi koleksi pada beberapa titik yaitu di dalam dan luar rumah, di sekitar kandang, serta di rawa. Hasil identifikasi terdapat tujuh jenis nyamuk, yaitu Aedes aegypti, Ae. Albopictus, Ae. indonesiae, Culex quinquefasciatus, Cx. vishnui, Cx. mammilifer, dan Cx. sitiens. Nyamuk Ae. indonesiae paling banyak ditemukan (69,4 %). Sementara itu, jenis nyamuk Cx. vishnui, Cx. mammilifer, dan Cx. sitiens ditemukan sangat sedikit (2,92 %). Ae aegypti dan Ae. albopictus telah diketahui berperan sebagai vektor penyakit demam berdarah dengue (DBD) dan chikungunya, sedangkan Cx. quinquefasciatus sebagai vektor penyakit filariasis limfatik, dan Cx. vishnui maupun Cx. sitiens sebagai vektor penyakit japanese encephalitis. Hal yang menarik pada penelitian ini adalah belum diketahuinya peran Ae. indonesiae dan Cx. mammilifer sebagai vektor penyakit. Indeks keanekaragaman nyamuk termasuk dalam kategori sedang.Abstract The Culicidae family is one of the mosquito disease vectors such as malaria, dengue fever, and chikungunya fever. Labuhan Merak resort Baluran National Park has great potency for mosquito breeding sites. The research aimed to determine the species of mosquitoes based on morphological characteristics as a disease vector. Mosquitoes were collected by landing collection method and active collection with an aspirator. The collection has been done at several points at the house both inside and outside; around the cage, and at the swamp. The results obtained 7 species of mosquitoes, there were Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Ae. indonesiae, Culex quinquefasciatus, Cx vishnui, Cx. mammilifer, and Cx. sitiens. Mosquito of A. indonesiae was the most common (69.4 %), while Cx. vishnui, Cx. mammilifer, and Cx. Sitiens were found very few (2.92 %). Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus has been known as a vector of dengue hemorrhagic fever and chikungunya, while Cx. quinquefasciatus as a vector of lymphatic filariasis, and Cx. vishnui and Cx. sitiens as a vector of japanese encephalitis disease. The interesting finding from this study is that Ae. indonesiae and Cx. mammilifer are not yet known for their role as disease vectors. The diversity index of the mosquitos’ species showed moderate category.
Isolasi Kapang Endofit Pelawan (Tristaniopsis merguensis Griff.) yang Berpotensi Sebagai Antibakteri Terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Devi Devi , Anggraeni Anggraeni , Wahyuni Tri
Published: May 2023

AbstrakTumbuhan pelawan (Tristaniopsis merguensis Griff.) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan yang dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional. Metabolit sekunder sebagai senyawa bioaktif pada tumbuhan dapat diperoleh melalui kapang endofit tanpa harus mengekstrak dari tumbuhan. Metabolit sekunder yang dihasilkan oleh kapang endofit dapat berfungsi sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi kapang endofit pada tumbuhan pelawan (T. merguensis Griff.) yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah isolasi kapang endofit, pemurnian kapang endofit, uji aktivitas antibakteri kapang endofit, dan uji kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder kapang endofit. Hasil isolasi didapatkan 10 isolat kapang endofit yang terdiri dari 1 isolat dari bagian akar, 7 isolat dari bagian ranting, dan 2 isolat dari bagian daun. Identifikasi kapang endofit dengan pengamatan makroskopis dan mikroskopis termasuk dalam genus Paecilomyces, Cladosporium, Pestalotiopsis, Aspergillus, dan Penicillium. Isolat kapang endofit yang memiliki respon hambat pertumbuhan terhadap bakteri uji tergolong sedang termasuk genus Penicillium. Hasil uji kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder kapang endofit tergolong senyawa saponin dan alkaloid. Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa senyawa bioaktif pada kapang endofit tumbuhan pelawan dapat dijadikan sebagai antibakteri.AbstractPelawan (Tristaniopsis merguensis Griff.) is a plant that is used as traditional medicine. Secondary metabolites as bioactive compounds in plants can be obtained through endophytic fungi without having to extract them from plants. The metabolites produced by endophytic fungi can function as antibacterial agents. This research aimed to isolate endophytic fungi in pelawan (T. merguensis Griff.) which have potential as antibacterial agents against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The method order used in this research was isolation endophytic fungi, purification of the isolates, antibacterial activity test, and determination of secondary metabolite compounds of endophytic fungi.  Isolation results obtained 10 isolates of endophytic fungi consisting of 1 isolate from the root, 7 isolates from the branches and 2 isolates from the leaves. Identification through macroscopic and microscopic observations showed they belonged to the genera of Paecilomyces, Cladosporium, Pestalotiopsis, Aspergillus, and Penicillium. The isolates that showed a moderate growth inhibition response included the genus of Penicillium. The secondary metabolites produced by the isolates are classified as saponins and alkaloids. In conclusion, the bioactive compounds in the endophytic fungi from pelawan have the potential to be used as antibacterial agents.
Pemodelan Kondisi Lingkungan Sag pond Sesar Lembang, Berdasarkan Analisis Kandungan Alga, Lembang, Jawa Barat
Authors: Rachman Rizki Satria , Winantris Winantris , Jurnaliah Lia , Fauzielly Lili
Published: May 2023

AbstrakAlga merupakan mikroorganisme fotosintesis yang tidak memiliki tubuh sejati dengan distribusi lingkungan yang sangat luas dan memiliki banyak fungsi, salah satunya sebagai indikator perubahan lingkungan. Wilayah Cekungan Bandung telah dilakukan penelitian dari beberapa aspek. Akan tetapi, penelitian terutama dari aspek alga yang memperlihatkan perubahan lingkungan belum dilakukan pada daerah tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat bagaimana perubahan lingkungan dari endapan sag pond bekas Danau Bandung pada wilayah Cekungan Bandung menggunakan keberagaman alga dan ukuran butir sedimen. Metode asam dilakukan untuk memisahkan alga dari endapan, serta deskripsi batuan dilakukan untuk melihat ukuran butir endapan pada lokasi penelitian. Analisis data dan pemodelan dilakukan dengan mengelompokkan alga sesuai dengan kondisi habitatnya yang terbagi menjadi kelompok Pinnularia, Euglena, Acrinastrum dan Dinobryon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lokasi penelitian mengalami empat kali perubahan lingkungan yang dibagi kedalam zona-zona dan subzona. Setiap zona tersebut diawali dengan kondisi air tercemar yang ditandai oleh peningkatan kelompok Euglena dan ukuran butir halus dari sedimen. Sedangkan pada bagian akhir, perairan memperlihatkan kondisi air normal yang ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan kelompok Pinnularia dan ukuran butir sedimen yang menjadi lebih kasar.AbstractAlgae is known as a photosynthetic microorganism that don’t have a true body with very broad distributions of the environment. Algae have a lot of functions, one of which is an indicator of environmental change. The Bandung Basin area has been researched from several aspects. However, research especially from the algae aspect that shows environmental changes, has not been carried out in this area. This research was conducted to see how the environmental changes of Lake Bandung sag pond deposits in the Bandung Basin by using algae diversity and grain size deposits. The acetolysis method is carried out to see algae content in the sediment, and rock description is carried out to see the grain size of the sediment in the study area. Furthermore, data analysis and modeling were conducted by grouping algae according to environmental conditions which are divided into Pinnularia group, Euglena group, and other groups. The result showed that the study area occurred four times in environmental changes which were divided into zones and subzones. Each zone initially had polluted water conditions characterized by an increase in Euglena groups and the fine grain size of sediment. While in the end, the waters showed normal water conditions characterized by an increase in Pinnularia group and the grain size of the sediment became coarser.
Efek Toksisitas Subakut Serbuk Biji Pepaya (Carica papaya) Varietas ‘Bangkok’ dan ‘California’ Pada Mencit Jantan (Mus musculus) Galur Swiss Webster
Authors: Radiastuti Nani , Garnasih Indri , Saputri Sena Yunia
Published: May 2023

AbstrakBiji pepaya memiliki rasa yang pahit, pedas, dan beraroma menyengat sehingga kurang diminati untuk diolah. Bahan tersebut belum banyak dimanfaatkan secara optimal, padahal potensinya sangat besar untuk dijadikan sebagai bahan pengawet makanan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk menguji keamanannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan efek toksisitas subakut serbuk biji pepaya ‘Bangkok’ dan ‘California’ secara in vivo pada mencit jantan galur Swiss Webster. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode eksperimen, terdiri dari empat perlakuan serbuk biji pepaya yang dilarutkan dengan CMC 1% (dosis 0, 400, 600, dan 800 mg/kg BB). Semua dosis diberikan pada mencit secara gavage dengan volume 0,1 mL/10 g BB. Perlakuan diberikan setiap hari selama 28 hari. Pada hari ke-29, darah mencit diambil melalui retroorbital untuk diuji SGPT dan SGOT. Perlakuan dosis serbuk biji pepaya tidak berpengaruh terhadap berat badan, kondisi fisik, dan organ visceral mencit, namun meningkatkan kadar SGPT dan SGOT. Peningkatan tersebut masih di bawah ambang batas normal SGOT (70–400 U/L) dan SGPT (25–200 U/L).Abstract Papaya seeds have a bitter, spicy, and pungent aroma so they are less desirable for processing. The material has not been used optimally, even though its potential is to be used as a food preservative. Therefore, research is needed to examine its safety. This study aimed to compare the effect of subacute toxicity of 'Bangkok' and 'California' papaya seed powder in vivo on male mice of Swiss Webster strain. The research was conducted using an experimental method, consisting of four treatments of papaya seed powder dissolved in 1% CMC (dose 0, 400, 600, and 800 mg/kg BW). All doses were given to mice by gavage with a volume of 0.1 mL/10 g BW. The treatment was given every day for 28 days. On day 29, the blood of mice was taken retroorbitally to be tested for SGPT and SGOT. The dose of papaya seed powder treatment showed no effect on body weight, physical condition, and visceral organs of mice, but increased levels of SGPT and SGOT. The increase was still below the normal threshold for SGOT (70–400 U/L) and SGPT (25–200 U/L).