bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional Outcomes Following Catheter-Based Iliac Vein Stent Placement
Authors: Warner Courtney J. , Goodney Philip P. , Wallaert Jessica B. , Nolan Brian W. , Rzucidlo Eva M. , Powell Richard J. , Walsh Daniel B. , Stone David H.
Published: July 2013

Objectives:

Although previous reports have demonstrated the efficacy of catheter-directed thrombolytic therapy and iliac vein stent placement for the management of iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (DVT), functional outcomes remain undefined. The purpose of this study was to determine midterm outcomes and functional quality of life among patients treated with iliac vein stenting.

Methods:

Records of all the patients treated with iliac vein stent placement between March 2004 and March 2011 were examined for primary patency, assisted primary patency, and secondary patency. Midterm functional outcomes were measured quantitatively, including ongoing symptoms and return to work status.

Results:

Over the study interval, 32 patients (33 limbs) underwent iliac vein stent placement. In all, 72% (n = 23) of these patients were female, with an average age of 43 years. In all, 78% (n = 25) of the patients were diagnosed with acute DVT, 89% of which occurred in the left leg. Catheter-directed thrombolysis was utilized in 92% (23 of 25) of the patients with acute DVT. All patients treated with thrombolysis and stent placement presented with pain and edema in the affected limb. One-year primary, assisted primary, and secondary patencies were 75%, 96%, and 96%, respectively. Freedom from reintervention at 1 year was 83%. Treatment was associated with a sustained significant reduction in pain (91% vs 6%, P < .001) and edema (97% vs 12%, P < .001) at a mean follow-up of 29 months (range 5-83 months), at which time 89% of the patients reported to be at their pre-DVT functional status.

Conclusions:

Aggressive therapy of symptomatic iliac vein stenosis or occlusion with venography, catheter-directed thrombolysis, and iliac vein stent placement provides durable patency and freedom from reintervention. Most patients can anticipate good functional recovery with decreased pain, decreased edema, and high likelihood of returning to work.
Employee Engagement and Well-Being
Authors: Shuck Brad , Reio Thomas G.
Published: July 2013

Poor workforce engagement can be detrimental to organizations because of the ensuing decrease in employee well-being and productivity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the degree to which psychological workplace climate was associated with personal accomplishment, depersonalization, emotional exhaustion, and psychological well-being, and whether employee engagement moderated these relations. A sample of 216 health care employees from the United States, Canada, and Japan completed an online survey. Regression results suggested that psychological workplace climate was significantly related to each outcome variable; engagement moderated relations between workplace climate and each of the four dependent variables. ANOVA results revealed that high engagement group employees demonstrated higher psychological well-being and personal accomplishment, whereas low engagement group employees exhibited higher emotional exhaustion and depersonalization.
Management of cardiovascular risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: evidence and expert opinion
Authors: van den Oever Inge A.M. , van Sijl Alper M. , Nurmohamed Michael T.
Published: July 2013

The risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is increased in rheumatoid arthritis. The classical cardiovascular risk factors, including smoking, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus, obesity and physical inactivity do not appear to explain the excess cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis, although they do contribute, albeit in a different way or to a lesser extent, to rheumatoid arthritis in comparison with the general population. A very important link between rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular disease is inflammation as it plays a key role in all stages of atherosclerosis: from endothelial dysfunction to plaque rupture and thrombosis. It also has an influence on and accentuates some traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as dyslipidaemia, obesity and insulin resistance. To date, the exact pathophysiologic mechanism by which this relation between cardiovascular disease and rheumatoid arthritis can be explained is not completely clear. Cardiovascular risk management in rheumatoid arthritis is mandatory. Unfortunately, the way this should be done remains a point of discussion. In this review issues regarding cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis and its management will be addressed, according to evidence presented in the latest studies and our own experience-based opinion.
Adult-Type Bimalleolar Ankle Fracture in Children
Authors: Guler Ferhat , Kose Ozkan , Celiktas Mustafa , Turan Adil
Published: July 2013

Ankle fractures patterns in children may vary depending on the maturity of the distal tibial and fibular physis. Bimalleolar ankle fracture is an exceedingly rare fracture pattern in children and has been reported once in the current English literature. Two further adolescents with bimalleolar ankle fracture are reported. Although these fractures are rare, surgeons should be aware of these atypical fracture patterns. Herein, the underlying physiology and the mechanism of injury of ankle fractures in children are discussed.

Level of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV, Case study
The role of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccination in the prevention of anal cancer in individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) infection
Authors: Barroso Luis F.
Published: July 2013

The incidence of anal cancer is increasing in the general population and especially in high-risk groups. A total of 90% of anal cancers are caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) infection of the anal canal. Similar to cervical cancer, anal cancer progresses through a predictable series of premalignant stages before resulting in invasive cancer; this process begins with persistent HPV infection. The HPV vaccine represents a promising strategy to combat the increasing incidence of anal cancer.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) predisposes people to persistent HPV infection, dysplasia, and subsequent anal cancer. Patients infected with HIV should be targeted for vaccination against HPV. There are difficulties in targeting this population, the most notable being that the optimal age for vaccination is prior to identification with any high-risk groups. Universal vaccination against HPV represents the best strategy to achieve maximum protection against anal cancer in high-risk groups.
Comparison of urologist- and radiologist-gained percutaneous renal access during PCNL: a review
Authors: Ahmad Imran , Crosbie Robin A , Ramsay Alison K , Nalagatla Sarath K
Published: July 2013

Percutaneous renal access for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) can be performed by either an interventional radiologist or urologist, depending on local expertise. We reviewed the current literature comparing the success and complications in gaining percutaneous access for both groups. An extensive literature search was carried out using Medline which included keywords “PCNL”, “PCNL access”, “percutaneous nephrolithotomy” and “percutaneous nephrostomy”. The search yielded six published articles that compared the success and complication rates between urologist- and radiologist-performed percutaneous access for PCNL. A systematic literature review was performed. Because of the considerable heterogeneity between studies, no pooling of data or statistical analysis was undertaken. In terms of success or complication rates, there was no significant difference between urologist- and radiologist-made percutaneous tracts. We observed, however, that there appears to be an argument that urologists are in a better position to make their own tracts, which requires only a single-stage procedure in theatre. There appears to be low uptake amongst urologists with the common beliefs that it is a radiological procedure, that radiologists have superior equipment, that it increases intraoperative time and that a steep learning curve is required for proficiency, suggesting that competence in percutaneous access would require at least 60 PCNL procedures. It is therefore unsurprising that many trainees may struggle to gain sufficient exposure to this technique, unless they are training in a centre with adequate patient numbers. Nonetheless, the papers reviewed illustrate that the urologists who are practicing this procedure are performing to an acceptably high standard. In conclusion there appears to be no difference in complication rates between the urologist- and the radiologist-made percutaneous tract. The steep learning curve required can be addressed by new teaching methods such as inanimate simulators, virtual-reality (VR) simulators, PCNL workshops and old-fashioned apprenticeships. A prospective study comparing urologist- and radiologist-placed nephrostomies would be beneficial.
Multiple Perceived Reasons for Major Discrimination and Depression
Authors: Gayman Mathew D. , Barragan Juan
Published: July 2013

Although perceived discrimination is linked to poor mental health, little is known about the mental health significance of the number of perceived reasons for discrimination. Using survey data from a community-based sample of adults living in Miami, Florida (n = 1,944), this study tests whether those reporting multiple perceived reasons for major discriminating events are at increased risk for depression. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses reveal those reporting multiple reasons for major discrimination are at increased risk for lifetime major depression and subsequent depressive symptoms. While social support and mastery partially mediated the link between multiple perceived reasons for discrimination and subsequent depressive symptoms, this psychological risk was not fully explained by these coping resources. Together the findings underscore the psychological toxicity of perceived discrimination and the importance of considering multiple perceived reasons for discrimination as a risk factor for poor mental health.
Reduced Specificity in Episodic Future Thinking in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Kleim Birgit , Graham Belinda , Fihosy Sonia , Stott Richard , Ehlers Anke
Published: July 2013

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), one of the most common disorders following trauma, has been associated with a tendency to remember past personal memories in a nonspecific, overgeneral way. The present study investigated whether such a bias also applies to projections of future personal events. Trauma survivors ( N = 50) generated brief descriptions of imagined future experiences in response to positive and negative cues in a future-based Autobiographical Memory Test. Survivors with PTSD imagined fewer specific future events in response to positive, but not to negative, cues, compared to those without PTSD. This effect was independent of comorbid major depression. Reduced memory specificity in response to positive cues was related to appraisals of foreshortened future and permanent change. Training to enhance specificity of future projections may be helpful in PTSD and protect against potentially toxic effects of autobiographical memory overgenerality.
Classification of protein motifs based on subcellular localization uncovers evolutionary relationships at both sequence and functional levels
Authors: Parras-Moltó Marcos , Campos-Laborie Francisco J , García-Diéguez Juan , Rodríguez-Griñolo M Rosario , Pérez-Pulido Antonio J
Published: July 2013

Background

Most proteins have evolved in specific cellular compartments that limit their functions and potential interactions. On the other hand, motifs define amino acid arrangements conserved between protein family members and represent powerful tools for assigning function to protein sequences. The ideal motif would identify all members of a protein family but in practice many motifs identify both family members and unrelated proteins, referred to as True Positive (TP) and False Positive (FP) sequences, respectively.

Results

To address the relationship between protein motifs, protein function and cellular localization, we systematically assigned subcellular localization data to motif sequences from the comprehensive PROSITE sequence motif database. Using this data we analyzed relationships between localization and function. We find that TPs and FPs have a strong tendency to localize in different compartments. When multiple localizations are considered, TPs are usually distributed between related cellular compartments. We also identified cases where FPs are concentrated in particular subcellular regions, indicating possible functional or evolutionary relationships with TP sequences of the same motif.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the systematic examination of subcellular localization has the potential to uncover evolutionary and functional relationships between motif-containing sequences. We believe that this type of analysis complements existing motif annotations and could aid in their interpretation. Our results shed light on the evolution of cellular organelles and potentially establish the basis for new subcellular localization and function prediction algorithms.
A survey of education and confidence level among graduating anesthesia residents with regard to selected peripheral nerve blocks
Authors: Moon Tiffany Sun , Lim Eunjung , Kinjo Sakura
Published: July 2013

Background

As peripheral nerve blockade has increased significantly over the past decade, resident education and exposure to peripheral nerve blocks has also increased. This survey assessed the levels of exposure and confidence that graduating residents have with performing selected peripheral nerve blocks.

Methods

All program directors of ACGME-accredited anesthesiology programs in the USA were asked to distribute an online survey to their graduating residents. Information was gathered on the number and types of nerve blocks performed, technique(s) utilized, perceived comfort level in performing nerve blocks, perceived quality of regional anesthesia teaching during residency, and suggested areas for improvement.

Results

One hundred and seven residents completed the survey. The majority completed more than 60 nerve blocks. Femoral and interscalene blocks were performed most frequently, with 59% and 41% of residents performing more than 20 of each procedure, respectively. The least-performed block was the lumber plexus block, with just 9% performing 20 or more blocks. Most residents reported feeling “very” to “somewhat” comfortable performing the surveyed blocks, with the exception of the lumber plexus block, where 64% were “not comfortable.” Overall, 78% of residents were “mostly” to “very satisfied” with the quality of education received during residency.

Conclusions

Most of the respondents fulfilled the ACGME requirement and expressed satisfaction with the peripheral nerve block education received during residency. However, the ACGME requirement for 40 nerve blocks may not be adequate for some residents to feel comfortable in performing a full range of blocks upon graduation. Many residents felt that curriculums incorporating simulator training and didactic lectures would be the most helpful method of improving the quality of their education pertaining to peripheral nerve blocks.
Design and application of a novel PNA probe for the detection at single cell level of JAK2V617Fmutation in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
Authors: Bracco Enrico , Rosso Valentina , Serra Anna , Carnuccio Francesca , Gaidano Valentina , Nicoli Paolo , Musto Pellegrino , Saglio Giuseppe , Frassoni Francesco , Cilloni Daniela
Published: July 2013

Background

Mutation(s) of the JAK2 gene (V617F) has been described in a significant proportion of Philadelphia negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN) patients and its detection is now a cornerstone in the diagnostic algorithm.

Methods

We developed a novel assay based on peptide nucleic acid (PNA) technology coupled to immuno-fluorescence microscopy (PNA-FISH) for the specific detection at a single cell level of JAK2-mutation thus improving both the diagnostic resolution and the study of clonal prevalence.

Results

Using this assay we found a percentage of mutated CD34+ cells ranging from 40% to 100% in Polycythemia Vera patients, from 15% to 80% in Essential Thrombocythemia and from 25% to 100% in Primary Myelofibrosis. This method allows to distinguish, with a high degree of specificity, at single cell level, between CD34+ progenitor stem cells harbouring the mutated or the wild type form of JAK2 in NPM patients.

Conclusions

This method allows to identify multiple gene abnormalities which will be of paramount relevance to understand the pathophysiology and the evolution of any type of cancer.
Effect of a high bicarbonate mineral water on fasting and postprandial lipemia in moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects: a pilot study
Authors: Zair Yassine , Kasbi-Chadli Fatima , Housez Beatrice , Pichelin Mathieu , Cazaubiel Murielle , Raoux François , Ouguerram Khadija
Published: July 2013

Background

During postprandial state, TG concentration is increasing and HDL cholesterol decreasing, leading to a transitory pro-atherosclerotic profile. Previous studies have reported that bicarbonate water improve postprandial lipemia. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of a strongly bicarbonated mineral water on lipoprotein levels during fasting and postprandial state.

Methods

A controlled, randomised, double-blind cross-over design was conducted in 12 moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects after a daily ingestion of 1.25 L of mineral (SY) or low mineral water during eight weeks separated by a one week wash-out period. Blood samples were collected in first visit to the hospital (V1) before water consumption (referent or SY) and in a second visit (V2) after eight week water consumption period. The effect of the consumed water was studied in fasting and in postprandial state during ingestion of a meal and 0.5 L of water.

Results

Comparison of data between V1 and V2 after SY consumption showed a significant decrease in triglyceridemia (23%), VLDL TG (31%) and tendency to a decrease of VLDL cholesterol (p = 0.066) at fasting state. Whatever the consumed water during postprandial state, the measurement of total areas under curves did not show a significant difference. No difference was observed between SY and referent water consumption for measured parameters at fasting and postprandial state.

Conclusion

When subjects consumed SY we showed a decrease of their basal TG and VLDLTG. The unexpected absence of effect of high mineralized water on postprandial lipemia, probably related to experimental conditions, is discussed in the discussion section.
Superovulation induces defective methylation in line-1 retrotransposon elements in blastocyst
Authors: Liang Xing-Wei , Cui Xiang-Shun , Sun Shao-Chen , Jin Yong-Xun , Heo Young Tae , Namgoong Suk , Kim Nam-Hyung
Published: July 2013

Background

Series of epigenetic events happen during preimplantation development. Therefore assistant reproduction techniques (ART) have the potential to disrupt epigenetic regulation during embryo development. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether defects in methylation patterns in blastocyst due to superovulation originate from abnormal expression of Dnmts.

Methods

Low- (6 IU) and high- (10 IU) dosage of PMSG was used to stimulate the female mice. The metaphase II(MII) oocytes, zygotes and blastocyst stage embryos were collected. Global methylation and methylation at H3K9 in zygote, and methylation at repeated sequence Line 1 and IAP in blastocysts were assayed. In addition, expression of Dnmts was examined in oocytes and zygotes.

Results

Global DNA methylation and methylation at H3K9 in zygotes derived from females after low- or high-dosage hormone treatment were unaltered compared to that in controls. Moreover, DNA methylation at IAP in blastocysts was also unaffected, regardless of hormone dosage. In contrast, methylation at Line1 decreased when high-dose hormone was administered. Unexpectedly, expression of Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b, Dnmt3L as well as maintenance Dnmt1o in oocytes and zygotes was not disrupted.

Conclusions

The results suggest that defects in embryonic methylation patterns do not originate from the disruption of Dnmt expression.
Dabigatran versus warfarin under standard or pharmacogenetic-guided management for the prevention of stroke and systemic thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation: a cost/utility analysis using an analytic decision model
Authors: Nshimyumukiza Léon , Duplantie Julie , Gagnon Mathieu , Douville Xavier , Fournier Diane , Lindsay Carmen , Parent Marc , Milot Alain , Giguère Yves , Gagné Christian , Rousseau François , Reinharz Daniel
Published: July 2013

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common form of heart arrhythmia and a leading cause of stroke and systemic embolism. Chronic anticoagulation is recommended for preventing those complications. Our study aimed to compare the cost/utility (CU) of three main anticoagulation options: 1) standard warfarin dosing (SD-W) 2) warfarin dosage under the guidance of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotyping (GT-W) and 3) dabigatran 150 mg twice a day.

Methods

A Markov state transition model was built to simulate the expected C/U of dabigatran, SD-W and GT-W anticoagulation therapy for the prevention of stroke and systemic thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation over a period of 5 years under the perspective of the public health care system. Model inputs were derived from extensive literature search and government’s data bases. Outcomes considered were the number of total major events (thromboembolic and hemorrhagic events), total costs in Canadian dollars (1CAD$ = 1$US), total quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), costs/QALYs and incremental costs/QALYs gained (ICUR).

Results

Raw base case results show that SD-W has the lowest C/U ratio. However, the dabigatran option might be considered as an alternative, as its cost per additional QALY gained compared to SD-W is CAD $ 4 765, i.e. less than 50 000, the ICUR threshold generally accepted to adopt an intervention. At the same threshold, GT-W doesn’t appear to be an alternative to SD-W. Our results were robust to one-way and multi-way sensitivity analyses.

Conclusion

SD-W has the lowest C/U ratio among the 3 options. However, dabigatran might be considered as an alternative. GT-W is not C/U and should not currently be recommended for the routine anticoagulotherapy management of AF patients.
Plasma concentration of cis 9trans 11 CLA in males and females is influenced by SCD1 genetic variations and hormonal contraceptives: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Abdelmagid Salma A , Clarke Shannon E , Wong Jeremy , Roke Kaitlin , Nielsen Daiva , Badawi Alaa , El-Sohemy Ahmed , Mutch David M , Ma David WL
Published: July 2013

Background

The conjugated linoleic acid isomer cis9trans11 CLA can be endogenously synthesized from trans vaccenic acid (C18:1 t11) via desaturation at the delta 9 position catalyzed by the stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), also known as delta-9 desaturase (D9D). Diet, hormonal regulation of gene expression and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been implicated in altering circulating levels of fatty acids. Hormonal contraceptives (HC) have also been shown to influence levels of some fatty acids. SNPs in SCD1 have been associated with altered levels of palmitoleic and oleic acids; however, associations between SCD1 SNPs and D9D desaturation index have not been previously examined in relation to CLA. Herein, we investigated the effects of sex and HC use on circulating concentrations of c9t11 CLA and D9D desaturation index. Furthermore, we determined the effects of ten SCD1 SNPs on D9D desaturation indices estimated by product to precursor ratio of c9t11 CLA to C18:1 t11.

Methods

Plasma samples were collected from subjects (Caucasian males: n = 113; Caucasian females: n = 298; Asian males: n = 98; Asian females: n = 277) from the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health Study. Circulating fatty acids levels were measured by gas chromatography.

Results

Results show that circulating c9t11 CLA concentrations are significantly higher in females than males and they are further elevated in females using HC. In addition, a significant sex- and ethnic-specific association was found between SCD1 SNP rs10883463 (p = 0.0014) and altered D9D activity in Caucasian males.

Conclusion

Findings from the present study identify SCD1 SNPs and hormonal contraceptives as factors altering endogenous c9t11 CLA levels in a sex- and ethnic-specific manner.
Phytochemicals and biological studies of plants in genus Hedysarum
Authors: Dong Yinmao , Tang Dongyan , Zhang Na , Li Yue , Zhang Chunhong , Li Li , Li Minhui
Published: July 2013

In China, several species (Hedysarum polybotrys Hand.-Mazz., Hedysarum limprichtii Hlbr., Hedysarum vicioider Turcz. var. Taipeicum Hand.-Mazz. Liu, Hedysarum smithianum, et al.) of genus Hedysarum have a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In TCM, these plants are used to increase the energy of the body. To date, 155 compounds, including flavonoids, triterpenes, coumarins, lignanoids, nitrogen compounds, sterols, carbohydrates, fatty compounds, and benzofuran, have been isolated from plants of the genus Hedysarum. Various chemical constituents contribute to the antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-aging, anti-diabetic, and anti-hypertensive properties of these plants. Hedysarum species are used to treat infestation with gastrointestinal nematodes and may support the immune system and peripheral nervous system. In the present review, we summarize the research on the phytochemistry and pharmacology of Hedysarum species, which will be useful for better utilization of these important species in TCM.
Aromatase and glycosyl transferase inhibiting acridone alkaloids from fruits of Cameroonian Zanthoxylumspecies
Authors: Wouatsa Vyry NA , Misra Laxminarain , Kumar Shiv , Prakash Om , Khan Feroz , Tchoumbougnang Francois , Venkatesh R Kumar
Published: July 2013

Background

Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloidesandZ. leprieuriifruits are commonly used in traditional system of medicine for diarrhea, pain, wound healing, etc. in Cameroon, Africa.Z. leprieuriifruits have been chemically studied for its bioactive compounds whereas the investigation onZ. zanthoxyloidesfruits is lacking.

Results

After a detailed chemical analysis of the fruits ofZ. leprieuriiandZ. zanthoxyloides, a series of new acridone alkaloids, namely, 3-hydroxy-1,5,6-trimethoxy-9-acridone (1), 1,6-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-9-acridone (2), 3,4,5,7-tetrahydroxy-1-methoxy-10-methyl-9-acridone (3), 4-methoxyzanthacridone (8), 4-hydroxyzanthacridone (9), 4-hydroxyzanthacridone oxide (2,4’) (10) have been isolated. The known acridones which have been characterized are, helebelicine A (4), 1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-10-methyl-9-acridone (5),1,3-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-10-methyl-9-acridone (6) and tegerrardin A (7). The in vitroantibacterial and cytotoxic screening of these acridones reveal that compound3has a moderate antibacterial activity (MIC 125 μg/mL) againstMicrococcus luteusandPseudomonas aeruginosawhile compound1shows a moderate cytotoxic effect (IC50of 86 μM) against WRL-68 (liver cancer cell line). Furthermore, the molecular modeling of these acridones predicted the structural basis for their mode of action and binding affinity for aromatase, quinone reductase and WAAG, a glycosyltransferase involved in bacterial lipopolysaccharide synthesis. Computational approaches, quantitative SAR and modeling studies predicted that acridones1, 2, 3, 4, 9and10were the inhibitors of glycosyltransferase while1,8, 9and10,the inhibitors of aromatase.

Conclusions

A total of 10 acridones have been isolated out of which 6 are new (1,2,3,8,9and10). Alkaloids8,9and10, having novel tetracyclic acridone structure with new carbon skeleton, have now been named as zanthacridone. The quantitative SAR and molecular modeling studies suggested that the compounds1,9and10are inhibitors of both aromatase and glycosyltransferase.
The influence of cerebrospinal fluid on epidermal neural crest stem cells may pave the path for cell-based therapy
Authors: Pandamooz Sareh , Naji Mohammad , Alinezhad Farid , Zarghami Amin , Pourghasem Mohsen
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Epidermal neural crest stem cells (EPI-NCSCs) in the bulge of hair follicles are a promising source for cell-replacement therapies in neurodegenerative diseases. A prominent factor in cell-based therapy is the practicalities of different routes of administration. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), owing to its adaptive library of secreted growth factors, can provide a trophic environment for transplanted cells. Thus, the effect of CSF on the behavior of EPI-NCSC was studied here.

Methods

In this study, the highly pure population of EPI-NCSCs was obtained from the bulge of mouse hair follicle. Migrated cells were characterized with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunocytochemistry. Subsequently isolated stem cells were cultured in CSF, which was collected from the cisterna magna of the adult rat. The expression of pertinent markers was assessed at the gene and protein levels with RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry, respectively. Colorimetric immunoassay was used to quantify the rate of proliferation of EPI-NCSCs after cultivation in CSF.

Results

Isolated EPI-NCSCs could survive in the CSF, and they maintained the expression of nestin, β–tubulin ІІІ (early neuronal marker), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, glia marker) in this environment. In addition, CSF decreased the proliferation rate of EPI-NCSCs significantly in comparison to primary and expansion culture medium.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that CSF as a cocktail of growth factors helps EPI-NCSCs to acquire some desirable traits, and because of its circulatory system that is in close contact with different parts of the central nervous system (CNS), can be a practical route of administration for delivery of injected stem cells.
Impact of Age Cutoffs on a Lynch Syndrome Screening Program
Authors: Gudgeon James M. , Belnap Thomas W. , Williams Janet L. , Williams Marc S.
Published: July 2013

Applying an age cutoff to a Lynch syndrome screening program has considerable potential for decreasing total screening costs and increasing efficiency, but at a loss of effectiveness.
Computerized Prescriber Order Entry Implementation in a Physician Assistant–Managed Hematology and Oncology Inpatient Service: Effects on Workflow and Task Switching
Authors: Hanauer David A. , Zheng Kai , Commiskey Elaine L. , Duck Mary G. , Choi Sung W. , Blayney Douglas W.
Published: July 2013

The authors found that CPOE implementation did not negatively affect time available for direct patient care and that workflow fragmentation decreased, which is likely beneficial.
Ethics in Oncology: An Annotated Bibliography of Important Literature
Authors: Tenner Laura L. , Helft Paul R.
Published: July 2013

The authors provide the practicing hematologist/oncologist with a brief overview of some of the important literature in the field of ethics and oncology.
Overcoming Obstacles in Accessing Unfunded Oral Chemotherapy: Physician Experience and Challenges
Authors: Han Dolly , Trinkaus Martina , Hogeveen Sophie , Mamdani Muhammad , Berry Scott R. , Jang Raymond W. , Hoch Jeffrey S. , Simmons Christine
Published: July 2013

The authors claim Canadian physicians use numerous methods to obtain unfunded oral chemotherapies, including falsifying claims on access forms and submitting special requests to government agencies.
Physical, Psychosocial, Relationship, and Economic Burden of Caring for People With Cancer: A Review
Authors: Girgis Afaf , Lambert Sylvie , Johnson Claire , Waller Amy , Currow David
Published: July 2013

Having an understanding of the roles that caregivers play in the oncology setting may assist health care professionals in supporting caregivers with these tasks, and targeting services toward those most in need.
Screening Intervention to Identify Eligible Patients and Improve Accrual to Phase II-IV Oncology Clinical Trials
Authors: Chen Leo , Grant Janice , Cheung Winson Y. , Kennecke Hagen F.
Published: July 2013

Manually screening patient records increased enrollment to specific clinical trials. A screening intervention process, involving a dedicated screening coordinator, should be considered to improve clinical trial accrual.
Impact of Oncology Drug Shortages on Patient Therapy: Unplanned Treatment Changes
Authors: Becker Daniel J. , Talwar Sumit , Levy Benjamin P. , Thorn Molly , Roitman Janna , Blum Ronald H. , Harrison Louis B. , Grossbard Michael L.
Published: July 2013

Drug shortages have substantial economic costs and mandate treatment changes that may affect efficacy and toxicity.
Practicing Western Oncology in Shanghai, China: One Group's Experience
Authors: Garfield David H. , Brenner Harold , Lu Lucy
Published: July 2013

The authors were part of a group that opened the first of multiple planned outpatient cancer centers in China offering radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and imaging, including MRI, CT, ultrasound, and mammography.
Vitamin D Status Is Associated With Functional Limitations and Functional Decline in Older Individuals
Authors: Sohl E. , van Schoor N. M. , de Jongh R. T. , Visser M. , Deeg D. J. H. , Lips P.
Published: July 2013

Context:

Vitamin D is known to influence muscle health. A reduction in muscle mass increases the risk of functional limitations among older individuals.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between vitamin D status and functional limitations.

Design, Setting, and Participants:

Two independent cohorts of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam were used. Participants were aged 65 to 88 years (older cohort, n = 1237; baseline 1995) and 55 to 65 years (younger cohort, n = 725; baseline 2002).

Main Outcome Measures:

Questions on the ability and degree of difficulty to perform 6 functions of daily life were asked.

Results:

Of the participants, 56% in the older cohort and 30% in the younger cohort had ≥1 limitation. Vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D level of <20 ng/mL) compared with the value in the reference group (>30 ng/mL) was related to the presence of functional limitations at baseline (odds ratio [OR] = 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–2.5 and OR = 2.2; 95% CI 1.3–3.7 for the older and younger cohorts, respectively). In the older cohort, vitamin D deficiency was associated with an increase in limitations at 3 years (OR = 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1–3.5), whereas vitamin D deficiency in the younger cohort was associated with an increase in limitations at 6 years (OR = 3.3; 95% CI, 1.1–10.1). Analyses were adjusted for confounders.

Conclusion:

Vitamin D status is associated with functional limitations cross-sectionally and longitudinally in individuals aged 55 to 65 years and those 65 years and older. The possible association of vitamin D with functional limitations is present after a shorter follow-up time in the oldest age group compared with the younger age group.
Minireview: Signal Bias, Allosterism, and Polymorphic Variation at the GLP-1R: Implications for Drug Discovery
Authors: Koole Cassandra , Savage Emilia E. , Christopoulos Arthur , Miller Laurence J. , Sexton Patrick M. , Wootten Denise
Published: July 2013

The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) controls the physiological responses to the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 and is a major therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, owing to the broad range of effects that are mediated upon its activation. These include the promotion of glucose-dependent insulin secretion, increased insulin biosynthesis, preservation of β-cell mass, improved peripheral insulin action, and promotion of weight loss. Regulation of GLP-1R function is complex, with multiple endogenous and exogenous peptides that interact with the receptor that result in the activation of numerous downstream signaling cascades. The current understanding of GLP-1R signaling and regulation is limited, with the desired spectrum of signaling required for the ideal therapeutic outcome still to be determined. In addition, there are several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (used in this review as defining a natural change of single nucleotide in the receptor sequence; clinically, this is viewed as a single-nucleotide polymorphism only if the frequency of the mutation occurs in 1% or more of the population) distributed within the coding sequence of the receptor protein that have the potential to produce differential responses for distinct ligands. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of GLP-1R function, in particular highlighting recent advances in the field on ligand-directed signal bias, allosteric modulation, and probe dependence and the implications of these behaviors for drug discovery and development.
Performing Abolitionism, Enacting Citizenship: The Social Construction of Political Rights in 1880s Recife, Brazil
Authors: Castilho Celso Thomas
Published: July 2013

This article highlights the centrality of theatrical and carnival performances to the making of the Brazilian abolitionist movement. Based on the case study of Recife, it argues that these cultural manifestations were integral to broadly politicizing the problem of emancipation and to constructing abolitionist public opinion. Important not only for consolidating popular support, abolitionist performances also created new codes for political expression and recast the terms of political belonging, or citizenship. In the wake of the wide disenfranchisement stemming from the 1881 electoral law, the performances portrayed abolition as a national issue and thus legitimized the possibility for collective intervention. The consolidation of an abolitionist movement transformed the workings of the local politics of slavery, forcing the provincial and municipal governments to confront the matter through the adoption of emancipation funds. As abolitionist performances extended the parameters of political participation, however, they also produced narratives of progress that both stigmatized Africanness and elided the place of freed slaves within the newly envisioned body politic. Abolitionist performances, then, challenged the institution of slavery but left unscathed cultural assumptions about racial difference and hierarchies. Abolitionist performances, dynamic and complex, became a crucial vehicle for spurring popular political mobilization in the 1880s, a practice that reverberated nationally.
Inactivation of LAR family phosphatase genesPtprsandPtprfcauses craniofacial malformations resembling Pierre-Robin sequence
Authors: Stewart Katherine , Uetani Noriko , Hendriks Wiljan , Tremblay Michel L. , Bouchard Maxime
Published: July 2013

Leukocyte antigen related (LAR) family receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) regulate the fine balance between tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation that is crucial for cell signaling during development and tissue homeostasis. Here we show that LAR RPTPs are required for normal development of the mandibular and maxillary regions. Approximately half of the mouse embryos lacking both Ptprs (RPTPσ) and Ptprf (LAR) exhibit micrognathia (small lower jaw), cleft palate and microglossia/glossoptosis (small and deep tongue), a phenotype closely resembling Pierre-Robin sequence in humans. We show that jaw bone and cartilage patterning occurs aberrantly in LAR family phosphatase-deficient embryos and that the mandibular arch harbors a marked decrease in cell proliferation. Analysis of signal transduction in embryonic tissues and mouse embryonic fibroblast cultures identifies an increase in Bmp-Smad signaling and an abrogation of canonical Wnt signaling associated with loss of the LAR family phosphatases. A reactivation of β-catenin signaling by chemical inhibition of GSK3β successfully resensitizes LAR family phosphatase-deficient cells to Wnt induction, indicating that RPTPs are necessary for normal Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. Together these results identify LAR RPTPs as important regulators of craniofacial morphogenesis and provide insight into the etiology of Pierre-Robin sequence.
Circulating Bmp10 acts through endothelial Alk1 to mediate flow-dependent arterial quiescence
Authors: Laux Derek W. , Young Sarah , Donovan James P. , Mansfield Corrine J. , Upton Paul D. , Roman Beth L.
Published: July 2013

Blood flow plays crucial roles in vascular development, remodeling and homeostasis, but the molecular pathways required for transducing flow signals are not well understood. In zebrafish embryos, arterial expression of activin receptor-like kinase 1 (alk1), which encodes a TGFβ family type I receptor, is dependent on blood flow, and loss of alk1 mimics lack of blood flow in terms of dysregulation of a subset of flow-responsive arterial genes and increased arterial endothelial cell number. These data suggest that blood flow activates Alk1 signaling to promote a flow-responsive gene expression program that limits nascent arterial caliber. Here, we demonstrate that restoration of endothelial alk1 expression to flow-deprived arteries fails to rescue Alk1 activity or normalize arterial endothelial cell gene expression or number, implying that blood flow may play an additional role in Alk1 signaling independent of alk1 induction. To this end, we define cardiac-derived Bmp10 as the crucial ligand for endothelial Alk1 in embryonic vascular development, and provide evidence that circulating Bmp10 acts through endothelial Alk1 to limit endothelial cell number in and thereby stabilize the caliber of nascent arteries. Thus, blood flow promotes Alk1 activity by concomitantly inducing alk1 expression and distributing Bmp10, thereby reinforcing this signaling pathway, which functions to limit arterial caliber at the onset of flow. Because mutations in ALK1 cause arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), our findings suggest that an impaired flow response initiates AVM development.
Vapor-phase Dehydration of Glycerol into Hydroxyacetone over Silver Catalyst
Authors: Sato Satoshi , Sakai Daisuke , Sato Fumiya , Yamada Yasuhiro
Published: July 2013

Silica-supported silver exhibited high catalytic activity in the dehydration of glycerol: glycerol was dehydrated into hydroxyacetone with the selectivity higher than 86% at 91% conversion over Ag/SiO2 in H2 flow at 240 °C. Silver metal provides an active site and showed stable catalytic activity for the glycerol dehydration in H2 atmosphere, while the dehydration activity decreased in N2 atmosphere. The hydrogenation of hydroxyacetone into 1,2-propanediol and the decomposition to ethylene glycol did not proceed over silver.
α-Hydroxylation of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds Catalyzed by Polymer-incarcerated Gold Nanoclusters with Molecular Oxygen
Authors: Miyamura Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Shū
Published: July 2013

α-Hydroxylation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds was successfully catalyzed by carbon-stabilized polymer-incarcerated gold nanoclusters (PI/CB-Au). The reaction proceeded under mild conditions using molecular oxygen as oxidant with wide substrate scopes and the catalyst could be recovered and reused by a simple operation. The control experiments and the reaction monitoring revealed that α-peroxide compounds were reaction intermediates, and PI/CB-Au also catalyzed isomerization.
Two Synthetic Approaches from 2,5-Di(2-thienyl)pyridine to a BF3-modified Polymer Film
Authors: Hayashi Shotaro , Koizumi Toshio
Published: July 2013

A BF3-modified poly[2,5-di(2-thienyl)pyridine] film was prepared through two synthetic approaches: electropolymerization of 2,5-di(2-thienyl)pyridine (1) followed by film-state post-functionalization using a trifluoroborate diethyl ether complex (BFEE) vapor (method 1), and BFEE electropolymerization of 1 (method 2).
Visible-light-driven Oxidation of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds via Catalytic Disproportionation of TEMPO by Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Koike Takashi , Yasu Yusuke , Akita Munetaka
Published: July 2013

Visible light irradiation of a mixture of 1,3-dicarbonyls and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO) in the presence of photoredox catalysts, [Ru(bpy)3]2+ and [Ir(ppy)2(dtbbpy)]+ (bpy: 2,2′-bipyridine, ppy: 2-phenylpyridine, dtbbpy: 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine), afforded two types of oxidized products, i.e., α-oxyaminated products from acyclic 1,3-dicarbonyls and oxidatively dimerized products from cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyls. The Ir catalyst turned out to be more active than the Ru catalyst. This is a new photocatalytic oxidation of 1,3-dicarbonyls based on a single-electron-transfer process mediated by excited photoredox catalysts.
Spatial Distribution of Acromyrmex balzani (Emery) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Attini) Nests Using Two Sampling Methods
Authors: Sousa-Souto Leandro , Viana Junior Arleu Barbosa , Nascimento Eduardo Silva
Published: July 2013

The spatial distribution (SD) of organisms is a key parameter in studies of population ecology. Among the methods to describe the SD of sessile organisms, sampling by way of plots and transects are widely used. The measurement of the distance between individuals (“nearest neighbor”) is a simple method that has not been employed in population studies with ants.  This study aimed to evaluate the SD of ant mounds of Acromyrmex balzani (Emery, 1890), using both plot sampling and nearest neighbor methods in order to evaluate which method is more appropriate for determining SD of this species. In January 2013 we established 359 plots of 10 m2 on a fragment of grassland in Sergipe, Brazil. In the same study area 25 colonies were randomly selected and the distance of the closest neighbor colony was determined. In total, 153 ant mounds were sampled (plots) and the density was estimated in 975 × colonies ha-1. Colonies were clumped in the environment either by plot sampling (χ2 = 453.93; p < 0.05) as well as by the method of nearest neighbor (Ax= 0.67, t = -1.72, p < 0.05). The aggregation of A. balzani colonies found in this study may be due to habitat heterogeneity or relate to the strategy of colony foundation. We conclude that the use of the nearest neighbor method was as accurate as the plot sampling method, providing the same results with much lower sampling effort.
Age polyethism in the swarm-founding wasp Metapolybia miltoni (Andena & Carpenter) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)
Authors: Chavarría Laura , Noll Fernando Barbosa
Published: July 2013

Division of labor in Epiponini is associated with age polyethism and individual task specialization. We observed worker activities in three colonies of Metapoybia miltoni in Brazil. We analyzed differences of task allocation between age groups. Old workers tend to forage more than young, but age polyethism was less evident in other tasks. Age composition of population could be a determinant factor in task allocation. Possibly workers are allocate to perform tasks according to colony needs, and no to individual’s age. Consider age population in studies of division of labor could help to understand how colonies respond to different situations.
Ulva ardreana: a new species replacing the invalid “Ulva bifrons”
Authors: Cormaci Mario , Furnari Giovanni , Alongi Giuseppina
Published: July 2013

The new species Ulva ardreana is here proposed to replace Ulva bifrons, an invalid name because no holotype was designated in the protologue. The new species consists of two to three distromatic blades arising from a short stipe, and it is easily distinguished from the other blade-like Ulva species in having a remarkable diversity in both shape and size of cells in the two layers.