bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal Distress Explains the Relationship of Young African American Mothers’ Violence Exposure With Their Preschoolers’ Behavior
Authors: Mitchell Stephanie J. , Lewin Amy , Rasmussen Andrew , Horn Ivor B. , Joseph Jill G.
Published: May 2010

Adolescent mothers and their children are particularly susceptible to witnessing or directly experiencing violence. Such violence exposure predicts maternal distress, parenting, and child behavior problems. The current study examined how mothers’ depressive symptoms, aggression, harsh disciplinary practices, and home environment independently explain the association between mothers’ violence exposure and children’s externalizing and internalizing behavior, controlling for their children’s violence exposure. Data were collected from 230 African American mothers living in Washington, DC who gave birth as adolescents and whose children were 3 to 5 years old. Path analysis revealed that the effect of mothers’ experienced violence on children’s externalizing and internalizing behavior was mediated by mothers’ depressive symptoms and aggression. However, neither harsh discipline nor stimulation in the home environment acted as significant mediators, and there were no direct or indirect effects of mothers’ witnessed violence on child behavior. This study builds on previous work by identifying an association between maternal violence exposure and children’s behavior, independent of children’s own violence exposure that is explained by mothers’ increased distress but not their parenting. These findings suggest that a potential means of preventing behavior problems in minority children born to adolescent mothers is to identify mothers who have been directly exposed to violence and treat their depressive symptoms and aggressive behaviors.
Is Disclosure Therapeutic for Children Following Exposure to Traumatic Violence?
Authors: Graham-Bermann Sandra A. , Kulkarni Madhur R. , Kanukollu Shanta
Published: May 2010

Trauma theory suggests that to recover from exposure to traumatic events, such as exposure to violence, therapeutic interventions should include opportunities to disclose and to process the fearful and stressful events. Yet little is known about the circumstances that foster disclosure of such information in therapeutic environments by children and related mental health outcomes for those children. In this study, the process of disclosure was examined among children ages 6 to 12 years ( N = 121) in a community-based intervention program for children exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV). Therapists documented children’s spontaneous disclosure in their group. Mothers and children completed demographic and standardized attitudinal and mental health questionnaires. Fifty-two percent of children spontaneously disclosed during therapy. Child ethnicity, harm to the child, internalizing behavioral adjustment problems, and engagement in therapy predicted disclosure. Disclosure within the group was associated with gains for individual children in internalizing behavioral adjustment problems and improvement in attitudes and beliefs concerning the acceptability of violence.
Building budgets and trust through the alchemy of superintendent leadership
Authors: Bird James J.
Published: May 2010

Superintendents have the burden and the opportunity to exert leadership through the budget-building process. This article details a dozen tenets which can be implemented by practicing superintendents. Doing so increases the chances of building trust among the stakeholders of administrators, staff, community, and school board members. The district superintendent of schools occupies the only positional office in the organization capable of orchestrating this process.
Distributed leadership and shared governance in post-secondary education
Authors: Burke Kenneth M.
Published: May 2010

Leadership in education and traditional management theory face the challenges of advancing a theory and practice for twenty-first century organization. This article approaches the potential for new frames of reference on leadership through the correlations between the emergent theory of distributed leadership and the philosophy of shared governance in higher education. In clarifying distributed leadership, research provides directions for further theory development. The leadership theory offers much for postsecondary education if conceptualized within the structure of shared governance, and shared governance itself proves valuable to advancing distributed leadership. Developing the integrative power of the theories remains constructive for both leadership in education and the field of organizational behavior (OB).
Opening Pandora’s Box: school autonomy in Cyprus and emerging implications for school leaders
Authors: Karagiorgi Yiasemina , Nicolaidou Maria
Published: May 2010

A recently announced government initiative for educational reform in Cyprus has set school autonomy high on the agenda. This article aims to throw more light into this effort, while localizing the intention for decentralization within the context and peculiarities of the Cyprus educational system. In particular, this article outlines the challenges arising for school leaders, when the reform moves towards implementation of the trends under discussion. In the light of the relevant literature, this article proceeds to recommendations; specifically, the role of school leadership with regards to the establishment of accountability as well as the reform of the organisational culture at the school level.
Reconsidering M-level education
Authors: Kerry Trevor , Kerry Carolle
Published: May 2010

This paper examines the nature of taught masters’ degrees (M courses) and their potential for development in the contexts of a rising graduate population and of government aspirations for lifelong learning. Attention is paid to theories of adult learning as applied to M courses. Small-scale empirical investigation in the UK and Germany is used to compare and contrast models of M courses. Some initial suggestions are made regarding factors that militate against the development of M courses that are suited to the needs of lifelong learners. The intention of the paper is to provoke debate rather than provide answers.
Effective leadership of creative colleagues in English primary schools: reality or wishful thinking?
Authors: Lowe Bill
Published: May 2010

With English primary schools being encouraged to be creative we need to ask what the practicalities are for school leaders. It is not a question of ‘creative leadership’ but more to do with the leadership of creativity and creative colleagues.
Influence of Plastic Type and Compatibilizer on Thermal Properties of Wheat Straw Flour/Thermoplastic Composites
Authors: Zabihzadeh S. M.
Published: May 2010

The thermal stability and the thermal expansion of wheat straw flour filled polypropylene and high density polyethylene composites were studied using thermogravimetric analysis and thermomechanical analysis. The results of this study showed that the thermal degradation and the thermal expansion of the composites were affected by plastic type and compatibilizer. The thermal stability of HDPE-based composites was found to be higher than that of PP-based ones. Adding compatibilizer to the composites boosted the thermal stability of agro-filler thermoplastic composites by improving the adhesion between wheat straw flour and the matrices. The thermal degradation activation energy of pure PP and HDPE was higher than that of the composites. The activation energy of compatibilized composites was slightly higher than uncompatibilized ones. TMA results indicated that wheat straw flour was a suitable material for decreasing the thermal expansion of the composites caused by cold and warm atmospheric changes. The thermal expansion of PP and wheat straw flour filled polypropylene composites was found to be lower than that of HDPE and HDPE-based composites.
Effect of Grain Size on the AC Electrical Properties of Kaolinite/Polystyrene Composites
Authors: Abdallah L. S. , Zihlif A. M.
Published: May 2010

Impedance spectroscopy has been used to study the effect of kaolinite grain sizes on the AC electrical properties of kaolinite/polystyrene composites under different temperatures and applied frequencies. Impedance measurements were performed on prepared composites containing 20% kaolinite mineral of grain sizes 63, 106, 212, and 300 µm in addition to neat polystyrene. The measured electrical quantities such as impedance, phase angle, dielectric constant and loss, AC conductivity, and thermal activation all showed a temperature and frequency dependence. The dielectric constant and loss increases with both grain size and temperature. The AC conductivity increases with decreasing kaolinite grain sizes. The 63 µm grain size composite has higher electrical conduction under applied frequencies and temperatures. A statistical model is presented to explain the dependence of the AC electrical properties on the filler grain size. The study concludes that the overall electrical behavior is influenced by some processes such as electron hopping, ion diffusion, and space charge polarization that take place in the composite microstructure.
Mechanical Behavior of Carbon/PEKK Thermoplastic Composite Tube Under Bending Load
Authors: Derisi B. , Hoa Suong V. , Xu D. , Hojjati M. , Fews R.
Published: May 2010

In an effort to develop thermoplastic composite tubes for helicopter landing gear applications, the mechanical behavior of straight tubes subjected to bending has been studied and presented here. It was found that interlaminar normal stresses of large values exist between layers located under the loading point. This can cause delamination between different layers at location under the loading point. The stiffness of the tube along the circumferential direction is important to prevent inward deformation under the load point, which can lead to buckling and sudden load drop. The absorption of energy upon fracture depends on the strategic placement of layers having different strain limits at proper locations along the thickness direction.
Effects of Long-term Storage on the Mechanical Characteristics of Wood Plastic Composites Produced from Thermally Modified Wood Fibers
Authors: Follrich J. , Müller U. , Gindl W. , Mundigler N.
Published: May 2010

In order to study possible changes in the mechanical properties of wood plastic composites produced from thermally modified wood fibers as reinforcement material (60%) and polypropylene (40%) after long-term storage under constant conditions, tensile and flexural specimens were tested in the years 2004 and 2009 after storage at 20°C and 65% humidity. Increased tensile strength, Young’s modulus (tensile test) as well as modulus of elasticity (flexural test) were observed for the long-term stored samples indicating a positive effect of the storage conditions on the mechanical properties of the samples.
Mobile Phones in an Environment of Competing Survey Modes: Applying Metric for Evaluation of Costs and Errors
Authors: Vehovar Vasja , Berzelak Nejc , Lozar Manfreda Katja
Published: May 2010

In recent years, mobile phones have become an increasingly important component in survey data collection. This holds true for self-administered questionnaires and particularly for interview surveys, where mobile phones enforce the combination with other survey modes. However, whether to include mobile phones in a particular survey design depends on complex cost—error relationships. To address this issue, the authors elaborate a metric—based on a product of costs and estimates of survey errors—that is then used for post survey comparison of design alternatives. The authors illustrate this approach with a simulation study using parameters from empirical research. The results show that such evaluation can potentially change the selection of the preferred design option compared to situations where only some of the components (e.g., response rate, nonresponse bias) are used for evaluation. More specifically, the decision about the inclusion of mobile phones predominantly depends on their bias-removing potential, while it is much less sensitive to changes in costs and other error parameters.
The Community Leadership and Place-shaping Roles of English Local Government
Authors: Madden Adrian
Published: May 2010

‘Community leadership’ and ‘place-shaping’ embody the outward-facing orientation of English local government to engage local communities in deliberative governance. The apparent synergies between them suggest they might be complementary roles yet one emphasizes ‘sense of direction’ while the other stresses ‘sense of place’. What do they mean in practice? Evidence of the impact of community leadership since 2000 suggests the engagement of communities into community governance spaces such as Local Strategic Partnerships (LSPs) has been partially successful. Rather than empowering participation in governance spaces, community power has been concentrated into the hands of political and managerial elites. Policy statements since 2006 have emphasized a need for councils to exert strong local leadership. Do community leadership and place-shaping provide a complementary governance framework, or does place-shaping indicates a shift away from a normative and problematic model of community empowerment? Using Bourdieu’s notion of the social space, this article considers the nature of ‘governance space’ and its role in a changing model of community governance.
Sub-national Mobilization and the Scottish Government’s Action Plan on European Engagement
Authors: Smith James
Published: May 2010

In April 2008 the Scottish Government, headed by a minority nationalist administration, published an Action Plan on European Engagement which sets out the Scottish National Party’s (SNP) key strategies and priorities for achieving effective sub-national inputs to European Union (EU) policy. Although responsibility for EU affairs is reserved to Westminster under the UK devolution settlement, longstanding mechanisms for territorial involvement have enabled a degree of Scottish input to EU policy. This article considers how the SNP administration might wish to see reform of these mechanisms and the scope for change under existing devolution arrangements.
The management of accusations of racism in Celebrity Big Brother
Authors: Riggs Damien W. , Due Clemence
Published: May 2010

The 2007 UK series of Celebrity Big Brother drew considerable attention to Britain as a result of the alleged racist bullying of Bollywood film star Shilpa Shetty by four British celebrity housemates. At stake in these allegations was any perception that Britain as a country promotes inclusivity and discourages racism. In this article, we examine, through an analysis of the exit interviews conducted with the four housemates in question, how accusations of racism were made by the host of Big Brother, and how racism was almost made to disappear in the interviews. Specifically, we elaborate on how racism was constructed not simply as an individual aberration, but more precisely as a matter of perception. We then explore how the host of the interviews avoided making accusations of racism herself by implying that it was others who perceived the behaviours of the housemates as racist, and by using other words (such as ‘bullying’) rather than explicitly referring to racism. We conclude by outlining the implications of our findings for future discursive research on racism, and we emphasize the need to further explore how rhetorical strategies aimed at denying racism operate in the service of shoring up privileged identities.
What the European and American welfare states have in common and where they differ: facts and fiction in comparisons of the European Social Model and the United States
Authors: Alber Jens
Published: May 2010

The classification of the American welfare state as ‘residual’ does not square with the empirical facts. The US system is dominated by public provisions for welfare among which social insurance programme, particularly Social Security and Medicare, clearly predominate, while public pensions are more universal, redistributive and generous than in some European countries. Key differences persist with respect to a stronger reliance on private provisions in pensions and health, a stronger emphasis on work-conditioned benefits and a greater importance of selective schemes. The term ‘work-conditioned’ welfare state captures some of these key features more adequately than the concept of the ‘residual’ welfare state. EU member states have not converged towards the US; private welfare spending increased without catching up, and the relative importance of selective benefits shrunk in most countries. There is some convergence on the level of policy discourse, where the idée directrice of European social policies has changed from social protection to activation, whereas the US is moving closer to Europe with respect to health care and the acceptance of state responsibilities.
Workers’ direct participation at the workplace and job quality in Europe
Authors: Gonzalez Maria C
Published: May 2010

In this paper we focus on workplace practices aimed at increasing workers’ direct voice, and their connection to job quality. After contextualizing historically the various reasons for increasing different types of workers’ participation and exploring the muddled role of direct participation in European policy, it reflects on possible indicators for workplace worker involvement (direct and through representatives) and offers a brief review regarding research on the impact of workers’ direct participation on job quality in Europe, identifying essentially positive but also some negative outcomes. The interaction of the workers’ direct voice with representative participation at the workplace in terms of substitution or complementarity and the mediating role of productive and industrial relations contexts are also reflected upon.
Black swans and elephants on the move: the impact of emergencies on the welfare state
Authors: Castles Francis G
Published: May 2010

This article addresses the question of how unexpected national and international emergencies — the ‘black swans’ of war, economic depression, hyperinflation and, more prospectively and topically, terrorist incidents and environmental catastrophes — affect the character of welfare state interventions and welfare state development. We do have clear evidence of such effects in the past: hyperinflation in Germany made that country particularly inflation averse; the Great Depression was a stimulus to welfare state development in countries such as Sweden and New Zealand; and the Second World War was a key factor in the subsequent development of the post-war British welfare state. However, the impact of emergencies is, at best, a very minor theme of welfare state analysis and one largely left to historians of the welfare state, suggesting that such effects are no longer considered to be a major factor shaping welfare state development and that welfare states are like ‘elephants on the move’, rarely significantly thrown off course by particular events. The article speculates on why that might be, noting the importance of the timing of the emergency, its type, size, and the extent and character of prior welfare provisions. The article concludes by examining the implications of this analysis for our understanding of the likely impact of possible future emergencies of a terrorist or environmental character and of the proper political response to such emergencies.
Menzies and the New Chinoiserie
Authors: Prazniak Roxann
Published: May 2010

Gavin Menzies’ ‘1434: The Year a Magnificent Chinese Fleet Sailed to Italy and Ignited the Renaissance’ is a parody of historical scholarship that purports to offer insight into the critical stages of early global modernity. Cast in a flawed East/West paradigm that has shaped much of Euro-American scholarship, 1434 enjoys significant popular and political readership internationally and eclipses recent scholarship that would allow a more nuanced and integrated understanding of our shared early modern history. This review article challenges the Sinocentrism of Menzies and others, and suggests a broader Eurasian perspective for understanding the interplay of societies that defined innovation and creativity at the start of the modern era.
Responding to Symptoms of Alzheimer’s Disease: Husbands, Wives, and the Gendered Dynamics of Recognition and Disclosure
Authors: Hayes Jeanne , Zimmerman Mary K. , Boylstein Craig
Published: May 2010

In this article, we analyze the process of redefining marital relations within the context of couples dealing with Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders (ADRDs), drawing on intensive interviews with 13 caregiver husbands and 15 caregiver wives. Men were slower to recognize the symptoms of ADRDs, with social others usually bringing the problems to their attention. They often attributed symptoms to a less-problematic cause and engaged in extended normalization of their wife’s condition. Women were quicker to recognize symptoms and often noticed subtle changes in their husbands but failed to take action quickly. They were reluctant to disclose their concerns to their impaired husbands, which might have protected the husband’s masculine identity and served to maintain the wife’s own sense of self in relation to him. We suggest that husbands were able to normalize because the wife’s symptoms did not change marital authority dynamics, but authority relations were reversed by the illness for caregiver wives.
Social Efficiency of Hospital Care Delivery: Frontier Analysis From the Consumer’s Perspective
Authors: Bernet Patrick M. , Moises James , Valdmanis Vivian Grace
Published: May 2010

The efficiency of hospital services and patients’ access to hospitals are both important health care policy issues. In the past, research has relied on studying these topics separately. In this article, we measure both efficiency and access at the same time using data envelopment analysis (DEA). By including both the technically efficient use of resources, as well as the patients’ travel distances, we found increases in social efficiency when patients’ travel distances were taken into account. When compared with patients with nonurgent conditions, we found that patients suffering from conditions requiring urgent attention were treated at closer hospitals, increasing the social efficiency. Insurance coverage and hospital ownership were also examined. Our findings corroborated past literature in the hospital and travel distance literature and set out a framework for future research. Perhaps most important, we demonstrate the techniques needed to incorporate broader measures of social costs into studies of hospital efficiency.
The Taste for Regulation in Long-Term Care
Authors: Mor Vincent , Miller Edward Alan , Clark Melissa
Published: May 2010

Concerns about the quality of long-term care have resulted in an extensive array of regulations governing provider behavior. This article reports the results of a survey of 1,147 long-term care specialists on issues related to the government’s performance in assuring quality and improving care. With the exception of providers, more than half of specialists ranked the quality of the average nursing home as fair or poor; home health agencies and even assisted-living facilities fared only somewhat better. Yet despite the perceived ineffectiveness of the current regime, the majority of specialists expressed a general willingness to continue pursuing more stringent and enhanced enforcement and to proceed down the same path with assisted-living facilities. Furthermore, while most were not sanguine about public reporting, the majority favored pay-for-performance, even though both rely on the same information. In addition to constituency group affiliation, differences in views derived largely from respondents’ ideological predispositions.
Single premedication dose of dexamethasone 20 mg IV before docetaxel administration
Authors: Chouhan Jyoti D , Herrington Jon D
Published: May 2010

Background: The administration of docetaxel requires the use of dexamethasone for the prevention of hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) and fluid retention reactions (FRRs). The manufacturer recommends dexamethasone for 3 days starting the day before docetaxel. This regimen has the potential for nonadherence so the utility of a single dexamethasone dose would be welcomed.

Objective: To ascertain the incidence of HSRs and FRRs after receiving a single dose of intravenous dexamethasone before docetaxel administration.

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Setting: Data set from an oncology clinic affiliated with a large, tertiary, academic, teaching hospital.

Patients: Ninety patients (median age 59 years, range 40—92 years) with cancer (primarily breast cancer, nonsmall cell lung cancer and head/neck cancer) who received docetaxel.

Measurements and Results: Patients with heart failure, renal failure, chronic edema, current steroid use and/or prostate cancer were excluded from the study. Seven patients (7.8%) experienced a HSR requiring a treatment intervention (fluid bolus, oxygen, steroid, and/or diphenhydramine). Eleven patients (12.2%) had documented fluid retention. The mean docetaxel dose at the onset of fluid retention was 247.2 ± 134.5 mg/m2.

Limitations: This single center evaluation with a small sample size had the potential for incomplete collection of the adverse events from the medical records due its retrospective nature.

Conclusion: Hypersensitivity reactions and FRRs occurred in 7.8% and 12.2% of patients, respectively. This is lower than the rates reported by the manufacturer with the oral premedication regimen.
Assessment of Dynamic Risk Factors: An Independent Validation Study of the Violence Risk Scale: Sexual Offender Version
Authors: Beggs Sarah M. , Grace Randolph C.
Published: May 2010

The Violence Risk Scale: Sexual Offender Version (VRS:SO) is a rating scale designed to assess risk among sexual offenders and the degree of change achieved in treatment. The scale consists of 7 static and 17 dynamic risk items, with protocols for measuring treatment change based on the Transtheoretical Change Model. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the VRS:SO on an independent sample of 218 child molesters who received treatment at a prison-based program in New Zealand and who were followed up for an average of 12.2 years. Supporting the initial validation of the VRS:SO, the results indicated good interrater reliability, concurrent validity, and predictive validity of the measure—VRS:SO scores were predictive of sexual recidivism (for Dynamic and Total scores, area under the curve value ~ .80), and the dynamic scale made significant incremental contributions after controlling for static risk. The authors also analyzed the validity of the factor structure of the VRS:SO dynamic scale and compared the measure with an alternative measure of dynamic risk based on a self-report psychometric battery.
Understanding young people’s transitions in university halls through space and time
Authors: Moss Dorothy , Richter Ingrid
Published: May 2010

This article contributes to the theoretical discussion about young people’s transitions through space and time. Space and time are complex overarching concepts that have creative potential in deepening understanding of transition. The focus of this research is young people’s experiences of communal living in university halls. It is argued that particular space–time concepts draw attention to different facets of experience and in combination deepen the understanding of young people’s individual and collective transitions. The focus of the article is the uses of the space–time concepts ‘routine’, ‘representation’, ‘rhythm’ and ‘ritual’ to research young people’s experiences. The article draws on research findings from two studies in the North of England.
The Importance of Boundary Objects in Transcultural Interviewing
Authors: Lagesen Vivian Anette
Published: May 2010

This article combines the idea of the active interview with insights from science studies and suggests that some concepts from science studies, like boundary objects and trading zones, should be utilized to understand and facilitate the production and analysis of data in a transcultural interview. This is illustrated by examples from interviews that the author conducted with women computer science students and faculty in a university in Malaysia. The article argues that the understanding of, as well as the performance of the transcultural interview might benefit from the highly pragmatic character of scientific investigations, focusing on using locally available resources to produce knowledge; and that this in turn may enhance our capacity to do feminist research.
Regarding Au Pairs in the Norwegian Welfare State
Authors: Sollund Ragnhild
Published: May 2010

Norway has a highly developed welfare system with increasing provision of public childcare and a strong public normative emphasis on gender and social equality. Despite an 84 percent coverage in public childcare, au pair immigration has increased greatly in recent years, especially from the Philippines. This article addresses why Norwegian families choose to employ an au pair and their experiences with the arrangement. It especially focuses on the tension caused by employing domestic help in an egalitarian state. Focus is directed on the context and rationale for au pair employment in Norway and the ways in which families legitimize au pair employment in a society where employing domestic help is generally unacceptable. Families do this by claiming to ‘not outsource care’, professionalizing the relationship, calling it ‘micro aid’ and emphasizing the fictive family relationship. The article concludes that au pair immigration serves to lower the threshold Norwegian families would otherwise have for employing domestic help and challenges Norwegian norms of social and gender equality.
Equal Weights but Different Weight Perceptions among US Adolescents
Authors: Martin Molly A. , May Ashleigh L. , Frisco Michelle L.
Published: May 2010

We investigate sex and race/ethnic differences in adolescents’ perceptions of the same objectively measured weight in a nationally representative US sample. At the same BMI z-score, girls perceive themselves as heavier than boys. Regardless of sex and relative to Whites, African-Americans perceive the same BMI z-score as leaner and Native Americans are more likely to perceive objectively heavier weights as ‘about the right weight’. Asian boys consider a narrower weight range to be ‘about the right weight’ relative to White boys, and Asian girls are less likely than White girls to perceive objectively lower weights as ‘about the right weight’.
Body Consciousness Moderates the Effect of Message Framing on Intentions to Use Sunscreen
Authors: Hevey D. , Pertl M. , Thomas K. , Maher L. , Craig A. , Ni Chuinneagain S.
Published: May 2010

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of messages differing in focus (health vs appearance) and frame (gain vs loss) on intentions for sunscreen use and sunbed use, and the potential moderating role of body consciousness. Questionnaire data from 390 young adults were analysed using factorial ANOVA. Results showed a significant interaction between message frame and body consciousness, such that gain-framed health or appearance messages had the strongest effect on sunscreen use intentions for those high in body consciousness, compared to those low in body consciousness. We conclude that message framing effects on precautionary sun behaviour intentions are moderated by body consciousness.
The Roles of Social Support and Coping Strategies in Predicting Breast Cancer Patients’ Emotional Well-being
Authors: Kim Junghyun , Jeong Yeob Han  , Shaw Bret , McTavish Fiona , Gustafson David
Published: May 2010

The goal of the current study was to examine how social support and coping strategies are related in predicting emotional well-being of women with breast cancer. In achieving this goal, we examined two hypothesized models: (1) a moderation model where social support and coping strategies interact with each other in affecting psychological well-being; and (2) a mediation model where the level of social support influences choices of coping strategies between self-blame and positive reframing. In general, the data from the current study were more consistent with the mediation model than the moderation model.
The Relationship between Temperament and Anxiety
Authors: Clements Andrea D. , Bailey Beth A.
Published: May 2010

This study of 509 (340 female) undergraduate university students in southern Appalachia who completed the Adult Temperament Questionnaire (ATQ) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), is the first phase in the development of a model to predict risk for stress-related health problems. Results indicate that high negative affect strongly predicted individuals with above average anxiety (OR = 3.7, 95% CI 2.43, 5.64), while high positive affect, effortful control, and sociability predicted that individuals would be low in reported anxiety (OR = .33 [95% CI .25, .44], .29 [95% CI .19, .45], and .69 [95% CI .56, .86], respectively).
An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the Psychological Ramifications of Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome
Authors: Ayers Beverley , Forshaw Mark
Published: May 2010

With a substantial number of individuals diagnosed with Hand—Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS) and the preponderance of research focused on the medical and paramedical issues, the psychological and mental health sequelae of HAVS are largely neglected within the published literature. A series of focus groups and interviews were conducted involving nine people who had been diagnosed with HAVS. Transcripts of these interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Four key themes were identified within the discourse of individuals affected by HAVS: machismo; coping; psychological impacts; and the development of support services for HAVS. Clinical implications are briefly discussed.
Phonological attrition and the perception of geminate consonants in the Lucchese community of San Francisco (CA)
Authors: Celata Chiara , Cancila Jessica
Published: May 2010

Two perceptual tests, designed to investigate the discrimination of the singleton/geminate consonant contrast, were submitted to bilingual English—Lucchese immigrants in the USA, and monolingual Lucchese subjects. The study has two major goals. The first goal is to add a much-needed empirical contribution to the incredibly sparse literature on phonological/phonetic attrition in bilinguals. The second goal is to cast the analysis of phonological attrition for socio-linguistic reasons on a more general psycholinguistic framework for cross-language speech perception. As will be shown, the comparison between the performances of different groups of speakers in different perceptual tasks allowed us to verify that phonological attrition moves along patterns of perceptual sensitivity which can be fruitfully compared with those surfacing in L1/L2 phonological acquisition.
Predicting two Mandarin-English bilingual children’s first 50 words: Effects of frequency and relative exposure in the input
Authors: Chan Wai Han , Nicoladis Elena
Published: May 2010

This study tested two hypotheses that relate children’s early words to the input: (1) the language of bilingual children’s first words is correlated with their exposure time to each language and (2) children are more likely to acquire words from the first and/or last position in utterances. We tested these hypotheses with spontaneous language use in the families of two Mandarin—English bilingual children, followed longitudinally every three months from 6 months to 18 months. The results showed that the exposure time was a good but not perfect predictor of the language of the children’s first 50 words. Also, both children learned more nouns in both languages than appeared in first or last position of their caregivers’ utterances. We discuss these results in terms of support for a noun bias in children’s minds and highlight the need for future research to take into account socio-cultural variables.
Bilingual verbal and nonverbal creative behavior
Authors: Kharkhurin Anatoliy V.
Published: May 2010

The study investigates whether bilingualism has a measurable contribution to verbal and nonverbal creative performance. The performance of Russian—English bilingual and English monolingual college students residing in the USA was compared on the verbal and nonverbal indicators of the Abbreviated Torrance Test for Adults. The results demonstrated a bilingual advantage in nonverbal creativity and a monolingual advantage in verbal creativity. These findings contribute to the discussion of domain specificity of bilingual cognitive abilities with regard to creative thinking.
Continuity and coordination of care during and after neonatal intensive care
Authors: Labree Wim , Foets Marleen , Weisglas-Kuperus Nynke
Published: May 2010

To assess parental experiences regarding the continuity and coordination of care in children suffering from long-lasting health problems during and after treatment at a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), a cross-sectional survey was performed, using a validated tool to obtain continuity and coordination scores. Scores were collected among parents of four age groups: newborns at the NICU ( n = 51), ex-NICU preschool children ( n = 50), ex-NICU children in primary school ( n = 53), and ex-NICU children in secondary school ( n = 57). Overall, parents are least satisfied with the consistency of care concerning the specific needs of their children. Parents of children in primary school experience most problems, followed by parents of children in secondary school. Furthermore, parents had a positive opinion towards other continuity and coordination aspects. Our findings implicate that regular neonatal follow-up care should not be restricted to the first years of life, but should be extended to both primary school age, and secondary school age. In particular, health care providers have to be attentive to the changing needs of children during their development.
The pilon fracture
Authors: Chowdhry M. , Porter K.
Published: May 2010

Treatment of the ‘pilon’ fracture provides one of the greatest challenges to orthopaedic surgeons today. The force required to fracture the distal tibia can lead to complex fracture configurations and significant soft tissue compromise that challenge subsequent repair. High complication rates have encouraged extensive research over decades into an operative method that limits the insult to the surrounding soft tissue envelope whilst maintaining the stability of the fixation obtained. Two main techniques of fixation that meet such criteria have evolved more than others namely, open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF — two-staged protocol) and external fixation (ankle sparing hybrid fixation). Advances in these techniques have seen a significant reduction in the rate of catastrophic complications such as amputation, osteomyelitis and arthrodesis. The legacy of the pilon fracture, however, is such that it is hard to decide which treatment method is best and indeed severe fractures (AO classification type C2 or 3 or Reudi and Allgower type III) are better treated with primary arthrodesis and even amputation in some cases. Both methods have their drawbacks. A high prevalence of pin tract infections and possibly inadequate reduction may occur in some cases treated with external fixators. There is considerable variability of outcome with the two-staged protocol depending on the patients treated, the judgement and skill of the surgeon operating and risk of soft tissue compromise. The two-staged protocol seems to have a greater following and seems on the surface to get over many typical complications. No one treatment method is best for all fractures; in fact both are equally good for simpler fractures. It is their outcome in treating severe fractures that will determine which of the two methods is best and which could be adequately tested with a randomised controlled trial.
Bariatric trauma
Authors: Deakin DE , Baxter JA
Published: May 2010

The traumatised bariatric patient presents unique challenges and difficulties. Approximately 25% of adults in the United Kingdom are obese and 2% are morbidly obese. With an increasing incidence of obesity, understanding the specific challenges of managing the traumatised obese patient is vital for trauma practitioners.
Extending knowledge domains for new media education: integrating interaction design theory and methods
Authors: Faiola Anthony , Davis Stephen Boyd , Edwards Richard L.
Published: May 2010

Over the last 10 years, new media has ascended to a prominent place in many fields that utilize communication technologies. At the same time, new media education has evolved in such a way that students are often not prepared to understand the social context of new media design and development. To produce new media professionals who are adequately prepared to meet the needs of an online hyper-social marketplace, new media curricula must reflect those human-centered theories and practices found within the discipline of interaction design, in addition to formal new media technical knowledge. The authors propose a new three-by-three theoretical model, referred to as Knowledge-Operators-and-Domains (KOD). Applying this model suggests an approach that extends the practical boundaries of new media to include a range of human-centered theories and practices, such as ethnography and usability-based studies.
The Sky is (not) the Limit: Envisioning the Ultimate Public Media Display
Authors: Huhtamo Erkki
Published: May 2010

This article is a contribution to screenology, a hypothetical branch of media studies that would deal with the history of screens as both material realities and discursive entities. It develops an archaeology of the screen from a specific angle, excavating the little known efforts to turn the sky into a kind of super-screen, the ultimate media display. These efforts have been both concrete and discursive, often involving complex mixtures of both. The discussion moves between various social spheres, touching upon commerce and advertising, warfare, religion, journalism, literature and art. Among the issues the article covers are the history of cloud projections, literary fantasies about future media, Futurist aerial theatre, Albert Speer’s light spectacles in Nazi Germany and László Moholy-Nagy’s utopian projections of light displays in open spaces. Finally, their repercussions in more recent media discourses are also pointed out.
Overlap of Registered Nurse and Physician Practice: Implications for U.S. Health Care Reform
Authors: Djukic Maja , Kovner Christine T.
Published: May 2010

This review offers an analysis of practice overlap between physicians and registered nurses (RNs) who are not advanced practice nurses. Additionally, it spotlights opportunities for expanding traditional professional boundaries to establish novel care delivery models. The examples of RN role expansion offer a beginning for discussion regarding how the health professionals’ knowledge and skills can be best used in designing an effective and efficient health care system. Although limited data exist on cost effectiveness and workload implications of the novel care delivery models, policy makers can use the findings of this review to begin to inform U.S. health care reform.
The Relationship Between Content Area General Outcome Measurement and Statewide Testing in Sixth-Grade World History
Authors: Mooney Paul , McCarter Kevin S. , Schraven Jodie , Haydel Beth
Published: May 2010

The purpose of the present study was to extend validity research on a content area general outcome measurement tool known as vocabulary matching. Previous research has reported moderately strong to strong correlations between the group-administered vocabulary-matching measure and a standardized assessment instrument. The present study extended the validity research to a statewide accountability assessment. A diverse sample of 146 sixth-grade students from a rural middle school were administered three vocabulary-matching probes and the sixth-grade iLEAP ( integrated Louisiana Educational Achievement Program) social studies criterion-referenced test at different times. Strong correlations were reported between the two measures. Moreover, vocabulary-matching achievement patterns with respect to gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and exceptionality status were similar to those of the iLEAP. Alternate-form reliability correlations between the three probes were also strong. Research implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
Assessing School and Student Predictors of Weapons Reporting
Authors: Wylie Lindsey E. , Gibson Chris L. , Brank Eve M. , Fondacaro Mark R. , Smith Stephen W. , Brown Veda E. , Miller Scott A.
Published: May 2010

School violence and weapons at school are a major concern for community members, school administrators, and policy makers. This research examines both student-level and school-level variables that predict middle school students’ willingness to report a weapon at school under several reporting conditions. Results substantiate previous analyses of these data that student-level variables explain students’ willingness to report a weapon but extend these findings to include school climate variables that affect willingness to report (i.e., collective identity and conflict). School climate variables were also shown to influence reporting under conditions where there would be consequences for the weapons-carrying student or for the reporting student; however, school climate was not found to influence anonymous reporting conditions. Although policies aimed at improving school climate may increase a student’s willingness to report and are important in their own right, improving a school’s climate may be a daunting task. This research, therefore, suggests that the most efficient way to encourage weapons reporting is to provide students with an anonymous way to report.
Differentiation of type 1 T regulatory cells (Tr1) by tolerogenic DC-10 requires the IL-10–dependent ILT4/HLA-G pathway
Authors: Gregori Silvia , Tomasoni Daniela , Pacciani Valentina , Scirpoli Miriam , Battaglia Manuela , Magnani Chiara Francesca , Hauben Ehud , Roncarolo Maria-Grazia
Published: May 2010

Type 1 T regulatory (Tr1) cells suppress immune responses in vivo and in vitro and play a key role in maintaining tolerance to self- and non–self-antigens. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is the crucial driving factor for Tr1 cell differentiation, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this induction remain unknown. We identified and characterized a subset of IL-10–producing human dendritic cells (DCs), termed DC-10, which are present in vivo and can be induced in vitro in the presence of IL-10. DC-10 are CD14+, CD16+, CD11c+, CD11b+, HLA-DR+, CD83+, CD1a−, CD1c−, express the Ig-like transcripts (ILTs) ILT2, ILT3, ILT4, and HLA-G antigen, display high levels of CD40 and CD86, and up-regulate CD80 after differentiation in vitro. DC-10 isolated from peripheral blood or generated in vitro are potent inducers of antigen-specific IL-10–producing Tr1 cells. Induction of Tr1 cells by DC-10 is IL-10–dependent and requires the ILT4/HLA-G signaling pathway. Our data indicate that DC-10 represents a novel subset of tolerogenic DCs, which secrete high levels of IL-10, express ILT4 and HLA-G, and have the specific function to induce Tr1 cells.