bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Pengelolaan Dana Desa Terhadap Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Desa Meken Detung Kecamatan Kangae Kabupaten Sikka
Authors: Kristina Dua Goan  , Antonius Philipus Kurniawan  , Elisabet Luju
Published: June 2023

The background of this research is the low level of welfare of the people of Meken Detung Village, Kangae District, Sikka Regency, even though it has been supported by financial assistance in the form of village funds. The purpose of this study was to find out 1) the description of village fund management and community welfare and, 2) the influence of village fund management in improving the welfare of the people of Meken Detung Village, Kangae District, Sikka Regency. The research method uses an associative quantitative descriptive method. The population in this study was the village community of Meken Detung with a total sample of 84 people. Data were collected through questionnaires and descriptive analysis and inferential statistics, namely simple linear regression. Hypothesis testing was carried out through a t test with the help of the SPSS 25 software program. The results of this study indicate that the effect of village fund management in Meken Detung, Kangae District, Sikka Regency, that the independent variable has a positive and significant effect on improving people's welfare in Meken Detung Village, Kangae District, Sikka Regency.
Investigating Relationship between Workplace Bullying and Supervisor Support, Coworker Support, and Work Environment in Healthcare
Authors: Habib Ullah Khan  , Muhammad Imran  , Muhammad Taous
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this research was to examine what influences bullying in the workplace. The methodology is supported by studies grounded on social exchange theory. An efficient sampling strategy was used to collect data from a representative sample of the government agency's population. A modified questionnaire was used to collect data from 297 workers at Basic Health Units in the Dera Ismail Khan area (BHUs). Dependability was analyzed with the use of reliability statistics. The 19-item scale was used to quantify the variable in this investigation, and its alpha value of.735 indicates its validity (WPB). Regression analysis in SPSS was used to examine the data. Positive and significant relationships were found between workplace bullying and factors such as the work environment, the support of coworkers, and the support of superiors. Results from a regression analysis of the factors influencing workplace bullying confirmed the importance of setting, management, and social support.
Studies on the Situation of Investments Made with Public Funds under 123 Measure "Increasing the Added Value of Agricultural and Forestry Products" of the National Rural Development Program, in the South-West Oltenia Development Region in Romania
Authors: Vladu Marius , Pânzaru Radu Lucian , Savescu Petre , Matei Gheorghe
Published: June 2023

European funds are financial instruments created by the European Union, for member states, private and/or public sector, in order to develop certain areas, and to support countries to achieve certain standards of economic, social or cultural development. The grants are the financial aid which is granted without being returned, and target many activities and investments. The paper makes a practical analysis on the absorption of structural and cohesion funds in Oltenia county for the 2007-2013 time frame, their impact on the regional economy, as well as on the factors that have influenced the accession process. NRDP is a complex program drawn up by representatives of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development following consultations with representatives of bodies, organizations and social partners working in this field, and approved after several rounds of negotiations by the European Commission. The measures are aimed at helping the development of agriculture in Romania. These measures cover all areas of activity in rural areas, except the acquisition of land and animals. 123 Measure "Increasing the added value of agricultural and forestry products" has as general objectives to increase the competitiveness of agrifood and forestry processing enterprises by improving the general performance of enterprises in the processing and marketing sector of agricultural and forestry products, through better use of human resources and other factors of production.
PURCHASE BEHAVIOR IN MAKING DECISION IN SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN SERVICE SECTOR FOR INNOVATIVE SOLAR POWER AIRCONDITIONING SYSTEM
Authors: Thitakom Leetanan  , Thapong Teerawatananond  , Amnuay Saengnoree  , Samart Deebhijarn
Published: June 2023

This article aims to explore consumer behavior in purchasing decisions of solar air conditioning innovations of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the service sector. From the study of the concept related theory, it can be concluded that consumer behavior in purchasing decisions of solar air conditioning innovations of small and medium enterprises in the service sector consisted of Government Policies, Product feature Innovations, Consumer Innovation, Consumers Perceived Value.
The Degree of Practicing Media Education Skills among Public School Teachers in Al-Kourah District in North of Jordan
Authors: Abd Al-Ra’ouf Ahmad Ayesh Bani issa
Published: June 2023

The study aimed to reveal the degree to which Public School Teachers in Al-Kourah District in North of Jordan is Practicing Media Education Skills, and Identify the factors that influence the teachers’ degree to practice media education skills such as (Gender, Educational level, and Years of practice). Descriptive method was adopted, and the study population consisted of all the Public School Teachers in Al-Kourah District in Irbid governorate North of Jordan, a survey sampling used by distributing the questionnaire via google forms, a total of (311) respondents formed the sample. The designed questionnaire consisted of (31) items under the four main factors; Access (9 items), analyze (9 items), evaluate (6 items), and communicate (7 items), validity and reliability of the scale was tested on a pilot study and was valid and reliable. The result showed that the Degree of practicing Media Education Skill among Public School Teachers in Al-Kourah District was “Medium’ degree, the media education skills Analyzing and Access scored “High” degree of practice, while the Media Education Skills Evaluate and communicate scored “Medium”. Also, there was no significant statistical differences in the degree of practicing Media Education Skill and the teachers’ Gender, Educational level, and Years of practice.
The Impact of the Application of Information technology governance on financial performance through the mediating role of Banking governance A survey of sample of Iraq banks listed in the Iraq stock exchange
Authors: Ahmed Abbas Rashak Al-Behadili
Published: June 2023

The current study aimed to measure the long-run impact of IT governance in the COBIT framework on the financial performance of Iraqi banks within the framework of banking governance as a mediating variable. by running balanced panel data for a sample of 19 listed Iraqi banks during the period (2018-2020) using the path analysis method. The study concluded that there is a direct positive impact of IT governance on financial performance, as opposed to an indirect, negative impact of IT governance on performance through banking governance. Thus, banking governance plays a mediating role "partial mediation" in the relationship of IT governance with the financial performance of Iraqi banks. Also, this direct effect has a medium practical importance, in contrast to a large practical importance for the indirect effect, while there was no effect size (practical importance) for the total effect. This is because the negative impact of banking governance cancels any direct impact of IT governance on financial performance. Hence, any overall impact of IT governance on financial performance vanishes, and any practical importance of this relationship in the Iraqi accounting and administrative environment vanishes with it. Thus, Iraqi banks must rely on one element of governance only, whether banking governance or information technology governance. Finally, the study also concluded that there is no inverse circular causal relationship between financial performance and the level of banking governance.
PEACE AND WAR ACCORDING TO IMAM ALI (PBUH)
Authors: Allawi Sahib Hilal Al-Murshidi
Published: June 2023

Peace is the basis of the government of Imam Ali (AS). This confirmed that the pledge of allegiance to the imam was voluntary and without coercion. Guidance with opponents and enemies has always taken precedence over fighting against them. Fighting was not the easy way, but rather the path of irreplaceable oppression. The Imam, may God bless him and grant him peace, did not start fighting with anyone, and he raised the principle (Do not fight them until they start against you, praise be to God, so argue, and leave them until they give you another argument against them). During his caliphate, Imam Ali (may God bless him and grant him peace) faced many challenges that he managed to overcome with steadfastness in Islamic principles. You find divine justice in its best form in the judgment of Imam Ali. It is also noted that Imam Ali (PBUH) worked hard so as not to shed a single drop of blood unjustly with his sword, and he believed that the survival of his ants alive was more beloved to him than what he owed to him in terms of controlling the whole world. Imam Ali (pbuh) adhered to all the foundations and provisions laid down by the Prophet of Mercy, the Messenger Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, and obliged his army to do so, embodying a practical reality in the battles fought by Imam Ali (pbuh).
Compliance with the disguised administrative decision As a reason for accepting the cancellation claim An inductive and analytical study compared to the provisions of the civil law
Authors: Majed Ahmed Saleh Al- Adwan  , Hassan Sami Alabady
Published: June 2023

Administrative law and judiciary have a unique approach in their own systems, which distinguishes them from all other laws and judicial systems, as they are based mainly on the idea of the executive and supervisory role for the practice of public administration, to which extent it can be performed with high efficiency and without exaggeration or error in terms of implementation by controlling their activities according to a correct legal administrative approach.This research aims to define compliance with the disguised administrative decision, and its legal implications, as an attempt to find the legal character that deals with this type of decisions as one of the reasons for accepting the cancellation suit, and everything related to the state of non-compliance with administrative decisions in the event that they are issued by a competent person and in a manner that is inconsistent with Logic and law, by presenting a realistic and clear picture of it, with the aim of enriching the legislative aspect thereof.According to this study, it’s clear that the general principle obliges a civil servant to accept the administrative decisions issued against him in compliance with the implementation of the functional presidential orders. However, the desired exception to this principle is to draw the attention of the administrative judiciary to make the administrative decisions following the disciplinary penalties complied by a decision-maker subject to consideration, examination, and scrutiny, for a judgment to accept the case thereof, if the subsequent disguised disciplinary action against the basic fixed disciplinary action has been achieved, provided that this is exceeding the general principle, which requires that in order to accept the cancellation claim, it is necessary not to comply with an inconclusive administrative decision and to contest it within the prescribed period for cancellation thereof.Following an inductive and analytical approach, the subject herein came in two chapters, the first concerned with a brief statement of the cancellation claim and the conditions for its acceptance, and the second focused on compliance to the disguised administrative decision as a reason for accepting the claim and as a justification for rescission of the contested decision within the framework of the legal periods for disputing the contested decision.
The Phenomenon of Cyber Bullying: Interpretation, Confrontation, and the Position of Islamic Law
Authors: Ahmad Mohamad Alomar  , Hassan Sami Alabady
Published: June 2023

This research dealt with the phenomenon of cyber bullying, indicating its causes and means of combating it, and the position of Islamic law towards it. However, its importance lies in the fact that it studies an extremely dangerous phenomenon that must be addressed, because of its devastating and dangerous effects that threaten society and its members. Moreover, it is necessary to reveal its causes and characteristics of its offenders, with the aim of developing policies that enable to confront it, in order to reach solutions to limit its spread, and help specialists and officials. in all fields to put those policies and solutions into practice.For this purpose, the researchers herein relied on the descriptive and analytical approaches.The research concluded a number of results, the most important of which are; Islamic law preceded the prohibition of bullying in all its forms, in order to protect the Muslim community from this phenomenon and its negative effects. Also, that the phenomenon of cyber bullying is one of the negative aspects of social networking sites. In addition, that the real motives driving cyber bullying behavior differ from one person to another, but in the end it reverts to the interaction of a group of internal and external factors. Based on these results, the researchers recommend the necessity of concerted efforts of the family, educational institutions and governments to address the phenomenon of cyber bullying, develop preventive measures and remedial measures to combat it comprehensively, and work to publish good media content that promotes the values of equality, love and tolerance, and devotes the concept of constructive social communication and its development, and contributes to reducing the impact of cyber bullying on society. In addition to imposing effective censorship on electronic means of communication, especially social media, obliging those in charge of them to monitor their users, and banning the accounts of those who re-practice cyber bullying, after alerting them the first time. Finally, enacting the necessary laws to define cyber bullying behaviors, and imposing heavy penalties on its perpetrators.
Tuan Guru, Islamic Da'wah, and Competition: The Fragmentation of Authority in Lombok-Indonesia
Authors: Nazar Naamy
Published: June 2023

The development of Islam in Lombok-Indonesia did not develop naturally. There is an influence of contestation and fragmentation of religious authority. For this reason, this study aims to investigate the dimensions of contestation and fragmentation of religious authority that influence the Islamic movement in Lombok. This research uses the case study method. Research data is sourced from observations, in-depth interviews, and literature reviews. The existence of multi-identity organizations such as NU, NW, Maraqit Ta'limat, Mukhtariyah, and Thoreqot led to competition and fragmentation of authority among leaders of religious groups. The findings of this study show that: first, the majority of religious authorities in Lombok are identical to Middle Eastern alumni. Second, the fragmentation of religious authority is represented by alumni of Shaultiyyah Makkah, Al-Azhar Cairo, and Madinah University. Third, the emergence of Salafi-Wahhabi in Islamic da'wah in East Lombok poses a challenge to traditional authority (Aswaja). An important implication of the study is that fragmentation of religious authority can legitimize the power of preaching in the public eye. In addition, Islamic da'wah authorities in Lombok-Indonesia can provide insight for other religious authorities on the successful spread of Islam in the world.
School Leadership Model and Teacher Competency Development in Indonesia
Authors: Dakir  , Umiarso
Published: June 2023

School leadership is an important element in achieving educational goals. This study aims to explain the school leadership model about teacher competency development in Indonesia. The phenomenological approach is used in qualitative research to explore in-depth information regarding the experiences experienced and felt by participants. Determination of the subject using the purposive sampling technique. Fifteen participants consisted of teachers in the city of Palangkaraya, Indonesia. The data collection technique used in-depth interviews. The data collection instrument used an interview protocol that had been made beforehand. Data analyst using data collection procedures, coding, presentation of data, and interpretation of data. The research findings show that there are three main conclusions. First, the leadership model is influenced by teaching experience and education level. Second, the teacher competency development strategy is carried out by school leaders. Third, are the obstacles faced in the process of developing teacher competence. The results of this study, apart from being a simple guide, also need to be corrected for the limitations and shortcomings of the research through the results of further research.
MILLENNIAL HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY MODEL IN IMPROVING BUSINESS PERFORMANCE
Authors: TEDI SETIAWAN  , AGUS RAHAYU  , RATIH HURRIYATI  , LILI ADI WIBOWO  , ERWIN YULIANTO
Published: June 2023

Trends in achieving national banking performance in the 2017-2022 period tend to fluctuate. This is evidenced by financial report data that contains performance and financial ratios of national banking with indicators with unstable trends. Creativity, technological advances, superior com-petence and business attitudes to add value proposition to compete in the banking industry are not only related to products and processes, but also related to the company's human capital man-agement and have a positive influence on improving business performance. The research method uses quantitative research with descriptive and verification research types. The research instru-ment used a questionnaire and data analysis techniques to determine the correlative relationship in this study using Partial Least Square. The results of the study show that Business Performance with a dominant dimension, namely Non-Financial Performance, is strongly influenced by the Work Engagement Program with a dominant dimension, namely Organization Commitment and Digital Transformation Implementation with a dominant dimension, namely Value Proposition. The Work Engagement Program is influenced by Millennial Human Capital Development with the dominant dimension namely Internal Integration, which is influenced by the External Environ-ment with the dominant dimension namely Covid-19 Pandemic and the Internal Environment with the dominant dimension namely Human Capital. namely Organization Commitment and Digital Transformation Implementation with a dominant dimension, namely Value Proposition. The Work Engagement Program is influenced by Millennial Human Capital Development with the dominant dimension namely Internal Integration, which is influenced by the External Environ-ment with the dominant dimension namely Covid-19 Pandemic and the Internal Environment with the dominant dimension namely Human Capital. namely Organization Commitment and Digital Transformation Implementation with a dominant dimension, namely Value Proposition. The Work Engagement Program is influenced by Millennial Human Capital Development with the dominant dimension namely Internal Integration, which is influenced by the External Environ-ment with the dominant dimension namely Covid-19 Pandemic and the Internal Environment with the dominant dimension namely Human Capital.
Nhân hai trường hợp Carcinôm tế bào Merkel
Authors: Phan Thị Hồng Đức , Lê Hoàng Minh , Nguyễn Hoàng Quý
Published: June 2023

Tổn thương ác tính ở da thường gặp trong thực hành lâm sàng bao gồm ung thư biểu mô tế bào gai, tế bào đáy và ung thư tế bào hắc tố (melanoma). Bên cạnh đó, có một tổn thương da hiếm gặp hơn trên lâm sàng là ung thư biểu mô tế bào Merkel.
Ung thư biểu mô tế bào Merkel là khối u ác tính hiếm gặp, diễn tiến nhanh, tiên lượng kém, có nguồn gốc từ tế bào thần kinh nội tiết. Khối u thường xuất hiện ở vùng da tiếp xúc với ánh sáng mặt trời, thường khó phân biệt với các ung thư da khác. Sinh thiết và hóa mô miễn dịch có vai trò quan trọng trong việc chẩn đoán xác định bệnh. Chúng tôi trình bày hai trường hợp lâm sàng ung thư biểu mô tế bào Merkel hiếm gặp được chẩn đoán và điều trị tại bệnh viện Ung Bướu TP Hồ Chí Minh, bệnh nhân phát hiện tổn thương da vùng đùi trái và trường hợp khác bệnh nhân di căn hạch bẹn chưa rõ nguyên phát. Cả hai trường hợp lâm sàng này đều được chẩn đoán ung thư biểu mô tế bào Merkel thông qua tiêu chuẩn vàng của giải phẫu bệnh lý và hóa mô miễn dịch với kết quả nhuộm dương tính với CD20 và các dấu ấn thần kinh nội tiết khác, đồng thời đã loại trừ các nguyên nhân khác như lymphôm, sarcôm Ewing, melanoma… Bệnh nhân sau phẫu thuật chẩn đoán được điều trị toàn thân bằng hóa trị với phác đồ cisplatin - etoposide. Qua hai trường hợp lâm sàng này, chúng tôi muốn nêu lên rằng vai trò của việc chẩn đoán đối với những tổn thương da và điều trị thích hợp có thể cải thiện tỷ lệ sống còn của bệnh nhân.

Abstract

Malignant lesions of the skin are common in clinical practice, including squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and melanoma. In additions, there is also Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) which is clinically rare.
MCC is a rare disease with aggressive malignancy tumor of the neuroendocrine cells and poor prognosis. MCC often presents in sun-exposed areas of the skin. It is hard to differentiate from other malignancy tumors of skin. Biopsy and immunohistochemical staining play important roles in confirming the diagnosis. This report describes two cases of MCC diagnosed in the Oncology Hospital in Ho Chi Minh city: a patient had a lesion of skin in the left leg and another had an inguinal lymph node with occult primary tumor. These cases are diagnosed with MCC by histopathology and immunohistochemical staining, which are positive with CD20 and neuroendocrine markers, and excluded other diseases such as lymphoma, Ewing sarcoma, melanoma… The patients who had been diagnosed will be treated with cisplatin - etoposide regimen. With these cases, we wish to report the important role of making a definitive diagnose of cutaneous lesions and appropriate treatment plans in improving an overall survival of patients.
Nhân hai trường hợp Melanôm âm hộ - âm đạo và tổng quan y văn
Authors: Tạ Thanh Liêu , Nguyễn Văn Tiến , Đoàn Trọng Nghĩa , Nguyễn Thị Thu Quỳnh , Lê Đình Huy
Published: June 2023

Melanôm nguyên phát ở âm hộ - âm đạo là bệnh lý ác tính hiếm gặp, với tỉ lệ chưa đến 10% trong tổng số các sang thương dạng bướu ở âm hộ âm đạo. Đến nay, số ca lâm sàng được ghi nhận còn khá ít. Bệnh thường tiên lượng xấu, với tỉ lệ tái phát cao trong khoảng thời gian ngắn. Chúng tôi báo cáo hai trường hợp melanôm âm hộ - âm đạo. Trường hợp thứ nhất là bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán là melanôm môi lớn bên trái đã điều trị sau đó phát hiện tái phát lan rộng vùng môi lớn và mông trái với khoảng thời gian tái phát rất ngắn chỉ khoảng một tháng. Trường hợp thứ hai bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán melanôm âm hộ - âm đạo giai đoạn sớm đã được điều trị bằng phẫu thuật, theo dõi định kỳ sáu tháng sau thì nghi ngờ tái phát trên hình ảnh phim cộng hưởng từ, qua đó cùng xem lại tổng quan y văn về bệnh lý này.

Abstract

Primary melanoma is a rare malignant disease of vulvovagina, accounting for less than 10% of vulvovaginal tumors. Until now, only a few cases have been reported intheliterature. The disease hasa poor prognosis witha high recurrence rate in short period. We report two cases of vulvovaginal melanoma.The first case is that a patient diagnosed with a treated left labia majora melanoma then found widespread recurrence of the large lip and left buttocks with a very short recurrence interval of only about one month. In the second case, a patient diagnosed with early vulvar-vaginal melanoma was treated with surgery, monitored periodically six months later, and a relapse was suspected on magnetic resonance imaging, with two cases we review of literature pertaining to this disease.
U màng não củ yên: Đặc điểm hình ảnh và phân loại trước mổ trên cộng hưởng từ
Authors: Đặng Vĩnh Hiệp
Published: June 2023

U màng não vùng củ yên (UMNVCY ) được định nghĩa là các u màng não phát triển ở củ yên, hoành yên, rãnh giao thoa thị giác (chiasmatic sulcus) và rìa xương bướm (limbus sphenodale). Loại u này chiếm tỉ lệ khoảng 5 - 10% trong số các u màng não nội sọ. CHT với nhiều tiến bộ về kỹ thuật không chỉ giúp cho việc chẩn đoán, phân loại UMNCY trước điều trị mà còn giúp ích nhiều cho việc tiên lượng phẫu thuật cũng như theo dõi sau điều trị. Bài báo này được viết với mục đích tổng kết lại một số dấu hiệu hình ảnh cộng hưởng từ và phân loại trước phẫu thuật của UMNVCY.

Abstract

Tuberculum sellae (TS) meningiomas arise from the dura of the TS, chiasmatic sulcus, limbus sphenoidale, and diaphragma sellae. TS meningiomas account for about 5 - 10% of all intracranial meningiomas. Advance technique MRI can not only help detecting of diagnostic, chacracteristics but also surgical prognosis and outcome of TS meningioma. The goal of this article was review of some MR imaging features and pre - surgical characteristics of TS meningioma.
Cộng hưởng từ trong chẩn đoán ung thư tuyến tiền liệt
Authors: Lâm Diễm Phương , Trần Đức Quang , Phạm Ngọc Hoa
Published: June 2023

Ung thư tuyến tiền liệt là bệnh ác tính thường gặp nhất ở nam giới và là nguyên nhân gây tử vong đứng hàng thứ hai trong các bệnh ung thư ở nam giới ở Bắc Âu. Biểu hiện của ung thư tuyến tiền liệt rất đa dạng từ không triệu chứng đến bệnh xâm lấn cao, do sự thay đổi cao trong tiến triển của bệnh ung thư tuyến tiền liệt nên việc chẩn đoán bệnh và lập kế hoạch điều trị bệnh là một thử thách. Phương pháp chẩn đoán hiện tại với xét nghiệm PSA và siêu âm qua ngả trực tràng và sinh thiết bằng lõi kim dưới sự hướng dẫn của siêu âm qua ngả trực tràng, ít có độ nhạy và độ đặc hiệu trong chẩn đoán ung thư tuyến tiền liệt, ít thông tin trong đánh giá tính xâm lấn và phân giai đoạn ung thư tuyến tiền liệt. Cộng hưởng từ đa tham số là phương tiện hình ảnh có độ nhạy và độ đặc hiệu cao trong chẩn đoán và phân giai đoạn ung thư tuyến tiền liệt. Cộng hưởng từ giúp phát hiện sớm ung thư tuyến tiền liệt, hướng dẫn sinh thiết, phân giai đoạn chính xác để giúp lựa chọn phương pháp điều trị thích hợp.

Abstract

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy tumor in men and the second leading cause of death among male cancers in Northern Europe. The expression of prostate cancer varies from asymptomatic to highly invasive, due to the high changes in the progression of prostate cancer, so the diagnosis and treatment planning is a challenge. The current diagnostic approach with PSA testing and digital rectal examination followed by transrectal ultrasound biopsies lacks in both sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis of prostate cancer and offers limited information about the aggressiveness and stage of the cancer. Multiparameter magnetic resonance (mp-MRI) is the imaging method with high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer. Magnetic resonance helps to detect prostate cancer early, guide biopsy and accurate staging which can facilitate appropriate treatment selection.
Importancia de América del Sur: en la nueva ruta de la Seda de Beijing
Authors: Gatón Iván Ernesto
Published: June 2023

El incremento de poder económico, financiero y militar de China, junto a su capacidad para ejercer influencia política global, resulta uno de los fenómenos más notables en un sistema de producción y acumulación en transformación de productos energéticos. Un análisis de los vínculos de América Latina con la nación asiática, resulta imprescindible para la discusión sobre el modelo de desarrollo en la región. De allí la importancia de estudiar con una visión crítica, las relaciones tradicionales, por asuntos históricos, políticos, geográficos, económicos, y financieros, que han estado más vinculadas al gigante oriental sobre la equidad en las relaciones y vínculos a través de una silenciosa conquista de China a América Latina.
inteligencia como instrumento de la ciencia frente a los retos actuales a la defensa y la seguridad
Authors: Baralt Blanco, ERD Coronel Nelton
Published: June 2023

La Inteligencia involucra algunas discusiones a partir de su propia definición, tomada tanto por el origen de la voz en latín: inteligere, la cual es un término compuesto por inte (entre) y legere (leer o escoger) por lo que es asociado etimo­lógicamente como: “Saber escoger o elegir”.

Por otro lado es asociado a la búsqueda de información enfrentada a otra que es mejor aceptada por los que trabajan en esta rama, como una actividad, ciencia o arte que propende a la búsqueda del conocimiento. Todo esto es enfrentado en cierta manera con el concepto militar, que se basa en la búsqueda de informacio­nes que le permitan prever las acciones de una amenaza real o potencial.

Como resultado del fin de la Guerra Fría, se ha asociado el concepto y la labor que realizan las agencias de inteligencia, con organismos al servicio del Estado que en base a sus capacidades y recursos además de la imposición por la fuer­za, que hacen posible la existencia de estructuras represivas, bajo control estatal para enfrentar a sus opositores.

Aun con el surgimiento de las denominadas nuevas amenazas, esta vincula­ción político militar no ha podido ser erradicada, salvo en los casos de que la educación profesional de civiles y militares en universidades, ha permitido que muchos se integren a esta actividad y que por demás, estos organismos tengan acceso a diferentes sectores políticos, sociales, culturales, económicos, comuni­caciones y tecnología.

La inteligencia no puede seguir siendo vista desde esa definición obsoleta, sino que debe ser abordada desde tres perspectivas: Que persigue, Que medios dis­pones y a Quien le sirve, por lo que el denominado Ciclo de inteligencia, ya no responde con su pragmatismo a la celeridad con que ocurren los fenómenos.

No se trata únicamente de saber las cosas y a tiempo, se trata de prever con nues­tras capacidades y responder antes de que las amenazas actúen o puedan dar sus primeros pasos y mantener la iniciativa.
ciencia detrás de la guerra o ¿es al revés?
Authors: Sang Ben Miguel
Published: June 2023

Este artículo trata de la naturaleza de la guerra como fenómeno humano y profundas raíces antropológicas, ya que parte de la evolución de la especie humana (hominización) y el desarrollo del cerebro humano (sapiensiación).

Confronta la aceleración del arte de la guerra a partir de la emergencia de la ciencia moderna con el fin de la Edad Media y el establecimiento del conocimiento por la experimentación en vez de la especulación.

El impacto en el arte de la guerra se ha realizado a nivel conceptual, con el establecimiento de los Ejércitos Nacionales y la abolición de los ejércitos particulares de los señores feudales por el Tratado de Westfalia y las experiencias de Federico el Grande, de Prusia, y Napoleón Bonaparte, de Francia.

El desarrollo moderno parte del fin de la guerra de posiciones con la Primera Guerra Mundial y el inicio del desarrollo de tres armas que introducen la movilidad en el combate: el tanque, el avión y el submarino. Introducimos el concepto de William Lind y asociados de la Guerra de Cuarta Generación y concluimos en que el desarrollo del armamento en base de los avances científicos está en una encrucijada por la asimetría de la guerra moderna.
defensa y su vinculación con la sociedad: paradigmas estratégicos actuales
Authors: García Reyes, ERD General de Brigada Valerio
Published: June 2023

Se delimita el concepto de paradigma y se analiza la construcción de paradigmas estratégicos de seguridad y defensa a partir de las diferentes transiciones, antes y después de la creación del Estado-Nación y hasta nuestros paradigmas actuales.
Actores terroristas y crimen organizado: medidas de inteligencia para su enfrentamiento
Authors: Paya Santos Dr. Claudio , Delgado Morán Dr. Juan
Published: June 2023

Los actores atípicos son uno de los grandes problemas en la actualidad; además de causar incontables daños, desestabilizan la escena internacional. Estos actores no estatales como son los grupos terroristas, “desde el punto jurídico-formal, generan dinámicas muy complejas”, ya que “buscan generar, crear y mantener desorden global”. La violencia de carácter extremista y de raíz religiosa de estos grupos armados ha sustituido a la del Estado haciendo cada vez más complicado encontrar una solución a unos conflictos que se están enquistando y a su vez exportadoras de conflicto y de violencia que irradian, destacando a los Estados débiles y fallidos que, en diferente grado, son incapaces de cumplir sus funciones, de asegurar la paz y proveer las condiciones para el bien común, permitiendo la existencia de grupos no estatales que llenan los vacíos que dejan las inoperantes instituciones gubernamentales. Frente a este planteamiento la única forma de introducir mayor estabilidad, mayor orden internacional, mayor gobernanza global, dado que es el único actor que tiene prerrogativas para hacerlo, es con el fortalecimiento del Estado.
Logística para la defensa
Authors: Reyes Fernández, ERD Mayor General (r) Ubaldo
Published: June 2023

El análisis de la transición del apoyo logístico, de la situación de normalidad para el apoyo de las operaciones en situaciones de crisis (guerra o no guerra), espe­cialmente cuando se cuente con escasos recursos; lo que fue expuesto en Brasil, durante la celebración de la Primera Conferencia Especializada sobre Logística y Sanidad Militar, como parte de la Conferencia de Ejércitos Americanos (CEA). Cabe destacar que la Constitución de la República Dominicana del año 2015, en su artículo 252 establece que, la defensa de la Nación, está a cargo de las Fuerzas Armadas, imponiendo como misión la defensa de la independencia y soberanía, la integridad de sus espacios geográficos y las instituciones de la república. Por ende, las Fuerzas Armadas pueden intervenir cuando lo disponga el Presidente de la República, en programas destinados a promover el desarrollo social y económi­co del país, para mitigar situaciones de desastres y calamidad pública, concurrir en auxilio de la Policía Nacional para mantener o restablecer el orden público en casos excepcionales, situaciones estas que revisten la razón para resaltar la misión de las Fuerzas Armadas.
Innovaciones tecnológicas en las Fuerzas Armadas de República Dominicana ante nuevos escenarios de conflictos
Authors: Richardson Hernández, ARD Capitán de Corbeta Fausto R.
Published: June 2023

Desde la segunda mitad del siglo pasado (S. XX), fue marcado el inicio de la compu­tación luego de finalizada la Segunda Guerra Mundial, en donde quedó claramente evidenciado que la supremacía de una nación iba a depender en algún momento de su poder económico y militar de la mano con su capacidad de innovación tecnoló­gica. Esto quedó confirmado con el surgimiento del fenómeno industrial mundial, más bien conocido como: globalización. La industria, que favorece el desarrollo económico y financiero de una nación, obliga al desarrollo de tecnologías que per­mitan agilizar el análisis e intercambio de información para la toma de decisiones, asunto el cual favorece de manera colateral el poder militar. En ese sentido, las nue­vas Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación(TIC) han producido un nuevo escenario de conflicto armado acompañado de amenazas a la seguridad y defensa nacional, en donde el combate es integrado de manera virtual (con inteligencia ar­tificial, comunicaciones, aplicaciones informáticas, robótica, entre otros aspectos), lo que se conoce como ciberespacio. El presente artículo busca despertar el interés en cuanto a la importancia de las innovaciones tecnológicas militares, de manera directa, la importancia de contar con un C4i (Comando / Control / Comunicacio­nes / Computación / Inteligencia) como centro de operaciones para el intercambio de información de las operaciones militares en las Fuerzas Armadas de la República Dominicana, y la conformación de un CSIRT para salvaguardar la confidencialidad, integridad y disponibilidad de esta infraestructura en el intercambio de las informa­ciones que allí se generan.
Tecnologías del siglo XXI
Authors: Riola Rodríguez Capitán de Frágata Ing. José M.
Published: June 2023

La necesidad de adaptación al entorno cada vez más tecnológico que nos presenta el siglo XXI es una constante a la que se enfrentan los Ministerios de Defensa por su propia naturaleza de grandes consumidores de tecnología, con su constante necesidad de fortalecer y desarrollar mecanismos que posibiliten las rápidas incorporaciones del conocimiento científico-tecnológico en sus sistemas. En este escenario, la vigilancia y prospectiva tecnológica por un lado y los programas de investigación, desarrollo e investigación de plataformas, sistemas y equipos por otro, son los pilares en que se deben sustentar dichas incorporaciones. El artículo hace hincapié en el desarrollo de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación, dado que serán el vehículo en el que se apoyarán los grandes cambios tecnológicos que afecten a la seguridad y defensa del siglo XXI.
educación en tecnología aplicada a la seguridad y defensa en el siglo XXI
Authors: Tavárez Rodríguez, PhD Ing. José Armando
Published: June 2023

Las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) aplicadas a la seguridad y defensa se convierten en una realidad imperante en el mundo digital en que vi­vimos. El incremento constante de las amenazas y los ataques en el ciberespacio obligan a los gobiernos y diferentes organismos de seguridad pública y privada a desarrollar innovaciones tecnológicas y acciones de formación que permitan incrementar un frente de ciberdefensa que permita incrementar la seguridad de los ciudadanos que toca defender y proteger.

En el curso de los últimos treinta años el mundo se ha digitalizado de manera progresiva. Se ha producido un desarrollo importante de ecosistemas de inno­vación y desarrollo en torno al tema de cómo podemos generar innovaciones tecnológicas que puedan ser aplicadas a la seguridad y la defensa. Es por eso que diferentes actores deben trabajar de manera coordinada para asegurar una estra­tegia de ciberseguridad que permita la construcción de un ciberespacio cada vez más seguro.

El presente artículo se enfoca en analizar la necesidad creciente de profesionales especializados en seguridad informática o ciberseguridad y la respuesta que es­tán dando a esta realidad las diferentes instituciones educativas a nivel nacional e internacional, así como los organismos de gobierno. Se describe a modo de panorama general la realidad educativa nacional en lo que tiene que ver con pro­gramas formales de educación en materia de tecnologías aplicadas a la seguridad y defensa, así como el correspondiente marco legal que la sustenta.
Ciberseguridad: aprendizaje disruptivo en la protección de infraestructuras críticas y la seguridad nacional
Authors: Morán Espinosa Licenciada Alejandra
Published: June 2023

Ante la creciente posibilidad de un ataque cibernético a las infraestructuras críticas de un país, no bastan la seguridad cibernética o la seguridad nacional, debe evolucionarse decididamente a un modelo de protección que implique todos los aspectos, que sume a los avances en la ciberdefensa de los países; con un cambio del modelo de pensamiento, a uno complejo, multifactorial y radical e invariablemente integral, aquel que modifique la forma tradicional de proteger, debe atenderse como un todo a la Ciberseguridad.
Comunicación estratégica militar: arma de batalla frente a la pandemia
Authors: Sánchez Quintero Ceinett
Published: June 2023

Dentro del amplio campo de investigación de la comunica­ción estratégica, un término para el cual no existe una defi­nición consensuada dentro de la comunidad científica, hay el interés por parte de quien suscribe, de demostrar que su empleo como herramienta de planificación e integración de las capacidades de información de Fuerzas Armadas domi­nicanas, contribuye significativamente en el alcance de sus objetivos militares, acorde con las actuales leyes y políticas públicas de defensa y seguridad de República Dominicana.

Frente a las circunstancias derivadas por la declaratoria de Pandemia por parte de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en marzo 2020 y la expansión de la enfermedad COVID-19, la comunicación estratégica militar en el país y el mundo, adquiere importancia en la escala de valores de individuos y la reputación de las instituciones castrenses, estas últimas, llamadas constitucionalmente a desempeñar operaciones militares de apoyo a las autoridades sanitarias y con ello, garantizar la supervivencia de los dominicanos y en general, de la especie humana.

En este contexto, la investigación doctoral iniciada en el año 2018 titulada “Contribución de la comunicación estratégica en las políticas públicas de defensa y seguridad de la República Dominicana”, busca demostrar que su empleo oportuno per­mite el alcance de los objetivos militares de Fuerzas Armadas del país, tras planificar e integrar las capacidades informati­vas de cada una de las instituciones castrenses, en apego a la Constitución, las leyes y normativas vigentes.
Legitimidad de la defensa y seguridad aeronáutica
Authors: Minaya Acosta, FARD Coronel Carlos
Published: June 2023

El Estado, cuyo espacio aéreo está bajo su dominio soberano y exclusivo, es el responsable de prevenir, neutralizar o tomar medidas necesarias para evitar interferencias ilícitas a las ae­ronaves que circulen por el mismo. Así como Defender su espacio aéreo “soberano” y “exclusivo”. Nuestra institución, la Fuerza Aérea de República Dominicana (FARD), como parte del sistema de defensa aérea, juega un papel prepon­derante en mantener la seguridad de nuestro espacio aéreo, en coordinación con otras instituciones que son fundamen­tales para poder cumplir con dicha misión constitucional, enfocado al reto de defender el espacio aéreo en tiempo de paz, y que dicho espacio representa un factor importante en la economía nacional, de igual forma, los avances tecnológi­cos, las nuevas amenazas y riesgos, son factores para man­tener siempre los protocolos y las legislaciones actualizadas para poder enfrentarla.
fronteras no adyacentes como solución al tráfico aéreo ilegal
Authors: Quintero Barrios Brigadier General Henry
Published: June 2023

En este documento se hace un recorrido histórico de la definición de frontera, hasta llegar a las fronteras de países no adyacentes, contextualizando como los intereses de los Estados, se convierten en una frontera y se ejemplifica a través de la lucha contra el tráfico aéreo ilegal por parte de la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana, y cómo se articuló una es­trategia multilateral para lograr el control de ese problema desde la perspectiva de interdicción.
Las Fuerzas Armadas frente al COVID-19
Authors: Mercedes Cepeda, ERD Mayor General Víctor
Published: June 2023

Los Estados, desde su fundación, siendo entes previsores ante las posibles afectaciones a sus soberanías y autodeter­minación crean las organizaciones que con sus empeños garantizan su supervivencia; estas son las Fuerzas Armadas misionadas a la prevención de las amenazas y a dar las res­puestas adecuadas y oportunas. Junto con el desarrollo, el progreso, la evolución global y sus consecuencias, las ame­nazas cambian, mutan, y se crean hasta el punto de que las convencionales pasan a un lejano segundo plano ante la presencia de amenazas emergentes, que rompen los con­ceptos tradicionales del empleo de las Fuerzas Armadas, obligando a establecer doctrinas sobre nuevos e inimagi­nables paradigmas de las amenazas que sobrepasan todos los límites, convirtiéndose en crisis que llegan a trascender los espacios geográficos de los Estados donde se originan y pasan a ser crisis regionales o globales, esto debido a que al no poder preverse la amenaza, sus efectos, su alcance, le­talidad y consecuencias, las respuestas se hacen, de inicio, como simple acción inmediata fruto de la sorpresa, y por desconocerse la respuesta efectiva, así como el verdadero daño a la población, a las organizaciones del Estado o a sus objetivos nacionales, lo que compromete a todas las insti­tuciones, obliga al estamento político a su total atención, daña la economía y ocupa en su totalidad a las Fuerzas de la Defensa y de la Seguridad, tal es el caso de la pandemia COVID-19.
Importancia de la justicia militar en el pasado, presente y futuro de la República Dominicana
Authors: Báez Fernández, ERD Coronel Joran J.
Published: June 2023

La organización y posterior división en clases de la socie­dad, trajo consigo diferentes jurisdicciones para de alguna forma acceder a la justicia, instituyendo diferentes tribu­nales, surgiendo el militar para los soldados. Cabe señalar que la Justicia en general, incluida la militar es un sistema casi perfecto que procura evitar la comisión de actos re­ñidos con las normas y castiga y aparta de la sociedad a quienes lo cometan, sin embargo, son los actores del sis­tema que de una u otra forma influyen en algún punto las reglas establecidas, sea para su conveniencia o de un ter­cero, lo que conlleva una determinada injusticia. Aunque existen opiniones en contra de la Jurisdicción Militar, hay que tomar en cuenta que la misma a través de los años, ha cumplido su cometido de mantener la disciplina, la tradi­ción y el orden institucional que conforman los organis­mos castrenses, por lo que también tiene sus defensores. Finalmente, los Tribunales Militares continúan instituidos y conociendo las infracciones catalogadas como Delitos Militares, además cabe resaltar que los Estados modernos necesitan unas Fuerzas Armadas preparadas en todos a todos los niveles y sobre todo motivadas, con sus tareas y doctrina amparadas jurídicamente, tanto para defenderse de las amenazas convencionales y no convencionales pro­venientes del exterior, como para garantizar la paz y segu­ridad en el orden interno.
Aproximación al delito de revelación de secretos e informaciones relativas a la seguridad y defensa nacional en el código penal militar español
Authors: Rodríguez Santisteban,  Ejército de Tierra Español José A.
Published: June 2023

El presente artículo pretende ser una aproximación al delito (s) de revelación de secretos e informaciones relativas a la Seguridad y la Defensa Nacional, teniendo en cuenta la complejidad de la técnica legislativa española respecto a los delitos militares recogidos en el código penal castrense. Por eso, el autor se centra en las especialidades militares sin entrar a analizar, aunque sí que lo recoge, lo dispuesto en las normas comunes de las que se sirve el derecho penal militar para alcanzar la pretendida complementariedad del mismo en el sistema penal español. La especialidad del delito se centra en el sujeto activo (el militar) y su mayor reproche penal si realiza las acciones previstas en la norma como consecuencia de ser un servidor público especial.
El delito de revelación de secretos en el código penal militar español
Authors: Martín Delpón, Ejército de Tierra Español José L.
Published: June 2023

Los delitos contra la seguridad y la defensa nacionales han sido, tradicionalmente, considerados como algunos de los más graves de los códigos penales militares. En el Código Penal Militar español, estos delitos se regulan en los primeros artículos de la Parte Especial. Dentro de ellos, el delito de revelación de secretos e informaciones relativas a la seguridad y la defensa nacional contempla varias conductas que afectan a este bien jurídico protegido. En el código español, a diferencia del anterior, se acude a la técnica legislativa de la remisión expresa. Por ello, el artículo 26 debe ser completado con los artículos 277 y 598 y siguientes del código penal ordinario. A pesar de la remisión, las penas serán incrementadas en una quinta parte del límite máximo y en uno o dos grados si los delitos se cometen en estado de sitio o en caso de conflicto armado.