bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
T2* Mapping Provides Information That Is Statistically Comparable to an Arthroscopic Evaluation of Acetabular Cartilage
Authors: Morgan Patrick , Nissi Mikko J. , Hughes John , Mortazavi Shabnam , Ellermann Jutta
Published: July 2017

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to validate T2* mapping as an objective, noninvasive method for the prediction of acetabular cartilage damage.

Methods

This is the second step in the validation of T2*. In a previous study, we established a quantitative predictive model for identifying and grading acetabular cartilage damage. In this study, the model was applied to a second cohort of 27 consecutive hips to validate the model. A clinical 3.0-T imaging protocol with T2* mapping was used. Acetabular regions of interest (ROI) were identified on magnetic resonance and graded using the previously established model. Each ROI was then graded in a blinded fashion by arthroscopy. Accurate surgical location of ROIs was facilitated with a 2-dimensional map projection of the acetabulum. A total of 459 ROIs were studied.

Results

When T2* mapping and arthroscopic assessment were compared, 82% of ROIs were within 1 Beck group (of a total 6 possible) and 32% of ROIs were classified identically. Disease prediction based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.713 and a specificity of 0.804. Model stability evaluation required no significant changes to the predictive model produced in the initial study.

Conclusions

These results validate that T2* mapping provides statistically comparable information regarding acetabular cartilage when compared to arthroscopy. In contrast to arthroscopy, T2* mapping is quantitative, noninvasive, and can be used in follow-up. Unlike research quantitative magnetic resonance protocols, T2* takes little time and does not require a contrast agent. This may facilitate its use in the clinical sphere.
Temporal Order Judgements of Dynamic Gaze Stimuli Reveal a Postdictive Prioritisation of Averted Over Direct Shifts
Authors: Binetti Nicola , Harrison Charlotte , Mareschal Isabelle , Johnston Alan
Published: July 2017

We studied temporal order judgements (TOJs) of gaze shift behaviours and evaluated the impact of gaze direction (direct and averted gaze) and face context information (both eyes set within a single face or each eye within two adjacent hemifaces) on TOJ performance measures. Avatar faces initially gazed leftwards or rightwards (Starting Gaze Direction). This was followed by sequential and independent left and right eye gaze shifts with various amounts of stimulus onset asynchrony. Gaze shifts could be either Matching (both eyes end up pointing direct or averted) or Mismatching (one eye ends up pointing direct, the other averted). Matching shifts revealed an attentional cueing mechanism, where TOJs were biased in favour of the eye lying in the hemispace cued by the avatar’s Starting Gaze Direction. For example, the left eye was more likely to be judged as shifting first when the avatar initially gazed toward the left side of the screen. Mismatching shifts showed biased TOJs in favour of the eye performing the averted shift, but only in the context of two separate hemifaces that does not violate expectations of directional gaze shift congruency. This suggests a postdictive inferential strategy that prioritises eye movements based on the type of gaze shift, independently of where attention is initially allocated. Averted shifts are prioritised over direct, as these might signal the presence of behaviourally relevant information in the environment.
Portopulmonary hypertension in children: a rare but potentially lethal and under‐recognized disease
Authors: Tingo Jennifer , Rosenzweig Erika B. , Lobritto Steven , Krishnan Usha S.
Published: July 2017

Portopulmonary hypertension (PoPH) is defined by the combination of portal hypertension and precapillary pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Very little is known about this process in pediatric patients but prognosis is generally poor. We review our institutional experience and report on five patients with pediatric PoPH. The median age of PoPH diagnosis was six years and PAH was 14 years. PAH diagnosis was made by echocardiogram in all patients, four of whom also had cardiac catheterization. The median mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) was 48.5 mmHg (interquartile range [IQR] = 46–60) with a median pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRi) of 9 WU*M2 (IQR = 8–22). All were acute pulmonary vasodilator testing non‐responsive. All patients received targeted therapies. Three of five patients (60%) died despite an evidence‐based approach to care. Of those who died, timing from the PoPH diagnosis to death ranged from three days to three years. Based upon our limited experience, PoPH is a disorder with significant mortality in childhood and challenges in treatment. Future research, focused on screening and early targeted treatment strategies, may alter the current dismal prognosis for these children.
Motives of volunteering and values of work among higher education students
Authors: Bocsi Veronika , Fényes Hajnalka , Markos Valéria
Published: July 2017

In this article, the motives for voluntary work and work values in higher education contexts are examined in a cross-border region in Central Eastern Europe. Our goal is to find out what kind of relationship exists between different types of volunteering and work values among young people. In the theoretical section, we deal with the definition of volunteering in the education system, the types of and motives for students’ volunteering, and finally, the relationship between the work values and voluntary work of students. In the empirical section, we created cluster groups based on students’ motives for volunteering, and we examined differences among countries. Then we revealed the factor structure of the work values of students and analyzed the relationship between cluster groups and factors with variance analysis. Five cluster groups were identified: “careerists with postmodern features,” “unmotivated,” “highly motivated,” “volunteers in an anti-volunteering climate,” and a “helping new type volunteers” group. There were only slight differences among countries, as most respondents are characterized by mixed motivations. An interesting result is that the most frequent group is “the volunteers in an anti-volunteering climate” in all the countries examined, especially in Ukraine, so the culture of volunteering is not popular enough in this region of Central Eastern Europe. Regarding the relationship between work values and volunteering, we have found that these two fields (work values and volunteering) are closely related.
The role of intraoperative interventions to minimise chronic postsurgical pain
Authors: Anwar Sibtain , O’Brien Ben
Published: July 2017

Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) is the most common complication following surgery, with increasing evidence of both its prevalence and severity. While awareness of the various risk factors for this long-term condition is also increasing, effective prevention remains elusive. In this review, we describe the increasing evidence for preventive or ‘protective’ strategies. Controversies and conflicting human data are presented along with suggestions for improved future study.
Comparison of hospital length of stay in patients treated with non–vitamin K oral anticoagulants or parenteral agents plus warfarin for venous thromboembolism
Authors: Saint Catherine A , Castelli Michelle R , Crannage Andrew J , Stacy Zachary A , Hennessey Erin K
Published: July 2017

Objectives:

Existing research comparing hospital length of stay for patients treated with non–vitamin K oral anticoagulants or parenteral bridging to warfarin has been conducted primarily with the agent rivaroxaban. The objective of this study was to compare hospital length of stay between patients initiated on the non–vitamin K oral anticoagulants, apixaban or rivaroxaban, and patients initiated on parenteral anticoagulation agents plus warfarin for the treatment of venous thromboembolism.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study was conducted at an 859-bed, not-for-profit, teaching hospital. Adult patients admitted for a primary diagnosis of venous thromboembolism between 1 November 2012 and 31 August 2015 and treated with apixaban or rivaroxaban or a parenteral anticoagulant plus warfarin were included in the study. Eligible patients were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes for a primary diagnosis of acute thromboses and emboli and medication administration record data. Individuals using anticoagulation therapy prior to admission, released from the emergency department, or treated with thrombectomy or fibrinolytic therapy were excluded.

Results:

A total of 152 patients were included in this study. Patient characteristics, including renal function, were similar between study arms. Venous thromboembolism treatment with apixaban or rivaroxaban compared to a parenteral anticoagulant plus warfarin was associated with a reduced hospital length of stay (2.63 vs 5.33 days; p < 0.05) and decreased total hospital cost adjusted to 2015 dollars (US$21,694 vs US$38,851; p = 0.013).

Conclusion:

These results suggest that treatment with a non–vitamin K anticoagulant may significantly reduce hospital length of stay and total hospital cost compared to a parenteral anticoagulant plus warfarin for patients admitted for venous thromboembolism.
The role of trust in outsourcing
Authors: Babin Ron , Bates Kim , Sohal Sajeev
Published: July 2017

The aim of this essay is to argue the importance of inter-organizational trust in global outsourcing relationships and the need to proactively develop trust between the outsourcing buyer and provider. Outsourcing of information technology (IT) and related business processes is a well-established business tactic for reducing costs and gaining other benefits which include access to rare skills and faster delivery of services. IT outsourcing frequently occurs as a contract arrangement between two large, complex global organizations. Inter-organizational trust is one of the key elements for success in the outsourcing arrangement. Given the complexity of many outsourcing arrangements, the management of trust between the two parties can be critical to a successful long-term relationship for both parties. The ability of both parties to repair trust without resorting to legal action is important. This essay examines the literature on inter-organizational trust and trust relationships in outsourcing, then introduces preliminary field data from surveys and a case study, and suggests directions for further research. This issue deserves focused research as outsourcing continues to grow.
Media controversies and the cultural policies of the Morsi government
Authors: Skovgaard-Petersen Jakob
Published: July 2017

When in June 2013 the cultural production environment mobilized against President Morsi and his minister of culture, this turned out to be a prelude to massive popular demonstrations and the removal of Morsi by the army. But what were the cultural policies of the Morsi government all about? The article traces the cultural policy agenda of the Muslim Brotherhood and its Freedom and Justice Party, and the major controversies they engendered when in power. It argues that Islamization of cultural life may have been a long-term goal, but not a priority in the Morsi government which, on the other hand, at the end of its reign clumsily pursued a policy of “ikhwanization.” Focusing on two controversial films about Egypt’s Jews and Copts, respectively, it discusses revisionist accounts of the minority issue that has emerged after the revolution, and the Morsi government’s position on it.
Social Relations and Health: Comparing “Invisible” Arab Americans to Blacks and Whites
Authors: Ajrouch Kristine J. , Antonucci Toni C.
Published: July 2017

This paper establishes preliminary benchmarks by comparing average values of social relations and health among Arab Americans, blacks, and whites. Specifically, we expand traditional racial/ethnic categories to distinguish Arab Americans, historically and legally considered white. Data come from a unique random-digit-dial (RDD) sample of Arab Americans (N = 96), blacks (N = 102), and whites (N = 100) from metro-Detroit collected in 2011, ranging in age from 19 to 89. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted to compare health, network structure, composition, and support quality. Findings established preliminary benchmarks showing that Arab Americans reported more depressive symptoms (7.6) than whites (5.2) but no difference in physical health. Arab Americans also reported more contact frequency (4.4) than blacks (4.1) and whites (4.0) yet lower proportions of networks comprised of the same ethnicity (77 percent) compared to blacks (96 percent) and whites (97 percent). Unpacking the white category to identify Arab Americans in a comparative analysis identified benchmarks to indicate how Arab American health and social relations are distinct from blacks and whites, yielding unique avenues for thinking about new ways to conceptualize how race and social relations impact health disparities.
Corporate Governance Disclosure in Developing Countries: A Comparative Analysis in Nigerian and South African Banks
Authors: Isukul Araniyar C. , Chizea John J.
Published: July 2017

This research examines corporate governance disclosure in Nigerian and South African Banks using the unweighted disclosure index technique. This research provides a cross-sectional examination of corporate governance disclosure practices in the annual reports of listed banks in Nigeria and South Africa. The results suggest that Nigerian and South African banks have a high level of corporate governance disclosure. However, Nigeria and South African banks have low levels of voluntary corporate governance disclosure. Furthermore, in reporting of voluntary corporate governance disclosure, Nigerian banks appear to be collating information with no link to the overall business strategy of the organization while the South African banks have a more robust approach to voluntary corporate governance disclosure as they apply international guidelines such as the Global Reporting Initiative to their disclosure.
A Million Steps: Developing a Health Promotion Program at the Workplace to Enhance Physical Activity
Authors: González-Dominguez María Eugenia , Romero-Sánchez José Manuel , Ares-Camerino Antonio , Marchena-Aparicio Jose Carlos , Flores-Muñoz Manuel , Infantes-Guzmán Inés , León-Asuero José Manuel , Casals-Martín Fernando
Published: July 2017

The workplace is a key setting for the prevention of occupational risks and for promoting healthy activities such as physical activity. Developing a physically active lifestyle results in many health benefits, improving both well-being and quality of life. This article details the experience of two Spanish companies that implemented a program to promote physical exercise in the workplace, called “A Million Steps.” This program aimed to increase the physical activity of participants, challenging them to reach at least a million steps in a month through group walks. Participant workers reached the set goal and highlighted the motivational and interpersonal functions of the program.
An Intervention to Promote Positive Teacher–Student Relationships and Self-Determination Among Adolescents With Emotional Disturbance
Authors: Lind John , Poppen Marcus , Murray Christopher
Published: July 2017

Positive teacher–student relationships provide adolescents with disabilities the confidence to explore new challenges in and out of the classroom. Goal-setting and self-determination skills have been consistently shown to promote healthy transition adjustment among students with disabilities. Despite the growing awareness of the importance of positive teacher–student relationships and self-determination, there is a paucity of specific strategies designed to improve teacher–student relationships while supporting self-determination for adolescents with high-incidence disabilities. This practitioner-focused article describes the Adolescent Goal-Setting Intervention (AGSI) and how it can be implemented in an educational context to promote teacher–student relationships and self-determination.
Biomechanical Comparison of a First- and a Second-Generation All-Soft Suture Glenoid Anchor
Authors: Erickson John , Chiarappa Frank , Haskel Jonathan , Rice Justin , Hyatt Adam , Monica James , Dhawan Aman
Published: July 2017

Background:

All–soft tissue suture anchors provide advantages of decreased removal of bone and decreased glenoid volume occupied compared with traditional tap or screw-in suture anchors. Previous published data have led to biomechanical concerns with the use of first-generation all-soft suture anchors.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the load to 2-mm displacement and ultimate load to failure of a second-generation all-soft suture anchor, compared with a first-generation anchor and a traditional PEEK (polyether ether ketone) anchor. The null hypothesis was that the newer second-generation anchor will demonstrate no difference in loads to 2-mm displacement after cycling compared with first-generation all-soft suture anchors.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Twenty human cadaveric glenoids were utilized to create 97 total suture anchor sites, and 1 of 3 anchors were randomized and placed into each site: (1) first-generation all-soft suture anchor (Juggerknot; Biomet), (2) second-generation all-soft suture anchor (Suturefix; Smith & Nephew), and (3) a control PEEK anchor (Bioraptor; Smith & Nephew). After initial cyclic loading, load to 2 mm of displacement and ultimate load to failure were measured for each anchor.

Results:

After cyclic loading, the load to 2-mm displacement was significantly less in first-generation anchors compared with controls ( P < .01). However, the load to 2-mm displacement was significantly greater in second-generation anchors compared with controls ( P < .01). There was no difference in ultimate load to failure between the first- and second-generation all-soft suture anchors ( P > .05).

Conclusion:

The newer generation all-soft suture anchors with a theoretically more rigid construct and deployment configuration demonstrate biomechanical characteristics (specifically, with load to 2-mm displacement after cyclic loading) that are improved over first-generation all-soft suture anchors and similar to a traditional solid tap-in anchor. The configuration of these newer generation all-soft suture anchors appears to mitigate the biomechanical concerns of decreased load to failure with first-generation all–soft tissue suture anchors.

Clinical Relevance:

The theoretical advantages of all-soft anchors may be particularly valuable in revision surgery or in cases where multiple anchors are being placed into a small anatomic area.
An Analysis of Duplicate Presentations at the 2014 Through 2016 AOSSM and AANA Annual Meetings
Authors: Kraeutler Matthew J. , Carver Trevor J. , McCarty Eric C.
Published: July 2017

Background:

Previous studies have shown a high incidence of duplicate presentations at research conferences within different medical disciplines.

Purpose:

To determine the rate and analyze characteristics of duplicate presentations at the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM) and Arthroscopy Association of North America (AANA) Annual Meetings.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Methods:

Meeting programs for the 2014 to 2016 AOSSM and AANA Annual Meetings were searched. All podium presentation abstracts from each AOSSM meeting were cross-referenced with podium presentation abstracts from AANA meetings from all 3 years of the study period to locate all duplicate presentations. Duplicate presentations were then analyzed for changes in abstract title, author order, and addition or removal of authors.

Results:

A total of 192 and 213 abstracts were accepted for podium presentations at the AOSSM and AANA Annual Meetings, respectively, during the study period. This included 65 presentations at the 2014 AOSSM Annual Meeting, 72 in 2015, and 55 in 2016. Overall, 28 AOSSM presentations (15%) were also presented at an AANA Annual Meeting, including 9 (14%) from the 2014 AOSSM meeting, 15 (21%) from the 2015 meeting, and 4 (7%) from the 2016 meeting. Of the 28 duplicate presentations, authors often altered their abstracts in several ways, including changing the abstract title (14; 50%), changing the author order (17; 61%), and adding or removing authors (10; 36%). Duplication rates were not significantly different between the years ( P = .10).

Conclusion:

A moderate proportion of abstracts presented at the AOSSM and AANA Annual Meetings are duplicates. Meeting committees may want to consider stricter guidelines to ensure only original work is presented at these meetings.
Challenges to Democratization Process in Algeria
Authors: Arshad
Published: July 2017

The democratization process in Algeria was marked by the de-militarization efforts when Abdel Aziz Bouteflika was elected president in 1999. Gradually, democratization became an instrument to perpetuate his power against the entrenched interests of country’s Le Pouvior, which is comprised of the retired generals, politicians, and other influential leaders. The continuous struggle among Le Pouvoir for a share of natural resources has created a political and economic vacuum which led to the stalling of the democratization process. This article shall analyze this struggle and its impact on the democratization process in Algeria.
Carer Appraisal Scale
Authors: Jeyasingam Neil
Published: July 2017

Measurement of patient outcomes is an integral part of mental health service evaluation, as well as guiding clinical practice to ensure best outcomes for patients. Moreover, carers have long held a need for a voice in care outcomes. Despite there existing numerous tools for quantifying patient functioning based on clinician assessments or self-reports, there is a serious paucity of tools available for the carers of patients to appraise their functioning. This tool, developed for use in a community aged care psychiatric service, involves 4 sections—a global impression of patient progress, a scorable checklist of patient functioning in multiple domains, a qualitative section for identifying the most pressing concerns from the carer’s perspective, and an open-ended feedback on treatment to date. In this pilot study, the Carer Appraisal Scale was found to have a fair correlation with the Health of Nation Outcomes Scale for over 65. This tool has potential for use in community aged care psychiatric services, as it provides a framework for communication of concerns, assists in prioritizing care, and adds value to clinician treatment plans, as well as providing another dimension to assessment of the patient while empowering carers in care participation. Practical implications of its use, limitations, and potential for modifications are also discussed.
The transnational policy process for REDD+ and domestic policy entrepreneurship in developing countries
Authors: Jodoin Sébastien
Published: July 2017

This article aims to understand the complex relationship between transnational pathways of policy influence and strategies of domestic policy entrepreneurship in the pursuit of REDD+ in developing countries. Since 2007, a complex governance arrangement exerting influence through the provision of international rules, norms, markets, knowledge, and material assistance has supported the diffusion of REDD+ policies around the world. These transnational pathways of influence have played an important role in the launch of REDD+ policy-making processes at the domestic level. Indeed, over 60 developing countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America have initiated multi-year programmes of policy reform, research, and capacity-building that aim to lay the groundwork for the implementation of REDD+. However, there is emerging evidence that the nature of policy change associated with these REDD+ policy efforts ultimately depends on the mediating influence of domestic factors. This article offers an analytical framework that focuses on whether and how domestic policy actors can seize the opportunities provided by transnational policy pathways for REDD+ to challenge or reinforce the status quo in the governance of forests and related sectors.
Planners' perceptions of the influence of leadership on coordinating plans
Authors: Grant Jill L , Taylor Amanda , Wheeler Christina
Published: July 2017

Based on interviews with 92 planners in five Canadian city-regions, we explore planners' perceptions of the ways that leadership affects their ability to coordinate land-use planning activities in the context of sometimes divergent or conflicting priorities and policies. Practitioners describe conditions where transformational leadership – with organizational leaders building followership around values set by political leaders – has become common, and planners have often settled into managerial roles as agent of municipal councils. Planners identify two other roles they may play: as facilitator of communication and collaboration, and as leader for smart growth strategies. The evidence suggests that planners align their role expectations not only with preferred theories in the discipline, but also with the leadership regimes they encounter.
Targeting BCL-2 in B-cell lymphomas
Authors: Davids Matthew S.
Published: July 2017

The B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family of proteins governs the intrinsic pathway of mitochondrial apoptosis. Dysregulation of BCL-2 has long been known to be a crucial part of the pathophysiology of B-cell lymphomas; however, several early attempts to target this pathway therapeutically were unsuccessful because of toxicity, lack of efficacy, or both. Recently, a highly potent and selective oral BCL-2 antagonist, venetoclax, was approved in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, where it has proven to be highly active, even in patients with high-risk del(17p) disease. Venetoclax has also demonstrated efficacy in other B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes, in particular mantle cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma. Here, I review the history of targeting BCL-2 in B-cell lymphomas, and I discuss recent data on venetoclax used as monotherapy and in combination with monoclonal antibodies, chemotherapy, and other novel agents. I also discuss how genomic and functional approaches such as BH3 profiling may allow us to prioritize novel-agent combinations for further study in clinical trials. These approaches may also help us to understand resistance mechanisms to BCL-2–selective therapy and how to overcome resistance. Finally, I provide my perspective on how to move BCL-2–directed therapies forward toward a goal of developing well-tolerated, time-limited combination regimens with curative potential for patients with B-cell lymphomas.
Phytochemical profile and gastroprotective potential of Myrcianthes pungens fruits and leaves
Authors: de Almeida Amanda Lorga , Beleza Maria Luisa Maes Lima , Campos Adriana , da Rosa Roseane Leandra , de Andrade Sérgio Faloni , Filho Valdir Cechinel , Nesello Luciane Angela Nottar
Published: July 2017

Background

The last decade has been marked by increasing data regarding gastroinstestinal diseases, specially gastritis and ulcer. In order to prevent or treat these diseases, many studies have demonstrated the potential of medicinal plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical profile and the gastroprotective activity of the methanolic extract of Myrcianthes pungens whole fruit, peel, pulp, seeds, and leaves.

Methods

The methanolic extracts were analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) to detect the presence of phenolic compounds by direct comparison with an authentic sample. To evaluate the gastroprotective activity, two experimental models were used: acute ulcer model induced by ethanol/HCl and acute ulcer model induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (indomethacin). Animals were divided in different groups (n = 6) and pretreated orally with the methanolic extracts of M. pungens at doses of 50, 125, and 250 mg/kg, the positive control (cimetidine 100 mg/kg) and negative control (distilled water).

Results

The TLC analysis indicated the presence of the flavonoids quercetin and quercitrin in the leaves, quercetin in the peel, and catechin and epicatechin in the leaves and seeds of M. pungens. The extracts of leaves, peel, and pulp showed significant gastroprotective potential regarding the relative area of the lesion observed only in acute ulcer model induced by ethanol. The extracts of whole fruit, peel, pulp, seeds, and leaves showed significant gastroprotective potential observed in acute ulcer induced by indomethacin model.

Conclusions

The gastroprotective activity can be related with the presence of some phenolic compounds identified in phytochemical analysis.
Therapeutic and Prognostic Implications of BRAF V600E in Pediatric Low-Grade Gliomas
Authors: Lassaletta Alvaro , Zapotocky Michal , Mistry Matthew , Ramaswamy Vijay , Honnorat Marion , Krishnatry Rahul , Guerreiro Stucklin Ana , Zhukova Nataliya , Arnoldo Anthony , Ryall Scott , Ling Catriona , McKeown Tara , Loukides Jim , Cruz Ofelia , de Torres Carmen , Ho Cheng-Ying , Packer Roger J. , Tatevossian Ruth , Qaddoumi Ibrahim , Harreld Julie H. , Dalton James D. , Mulcahy-Levy Jean , Foreman Nicholas , Karajannis Matthias A. , Wang Shiyang , Snuderl Matija , Nageswara Rao Amulya , Giannini Caterina , Kieran Mark , Ligon Keith L. , Garre Maria Luisa , Nozza Paolo , Mascelli Samantha , Raso Alessandro , Mueller Sabine , Nicolaides Theodore , Silva Karen , Perbet Romain , Vasiljevic Alexandre , Faure Conter Cécile , Frappaz Didier , Leary Sarah , Crane Courtney , Chan Aden , Ng Ho-Keung , Shi Zhi-Feng , Mao Ying , Finch Elizabeth , Eisenstat David , Wilson Bev , Carret Anne Sophie , Hauser Peter , Sumerauer David , Krskova Lenka , Larouche Valerie , Fleming Adam , Zelcer Shayna , Jabado Nada , Rutka James T. , Dirks Peter , Taylor Michael D. , Chen Shiyi , Bartels Ute , Huang Annie , Ellison David W. , Bouffet Eric , Hawkins Cynthia , Tabori Uri
Published: July 2017

Purpose

BRAF V600E is a potentially highly targetable mutation detected in a subset of pediatric low-grade gliomas (PLGGs). Its biologic and clinical effect within this diverse group of tumors remains unknown.

Patients and Methods

A combined clinical and genetic institutional study of patients with PLGGs with long-term follow-up was performed (N = 510). Clinical and treatment data of patients with BRAF V600E mutated PLGG (n = 99) were compared with a large international independent cohort of patients with BRAF V600E mutated-PLGG (n = 180).

Results

BRAF V600E mutation was detected in 69 of 405 patients (17%) with PLGG across a broad spectrum of histologies and sites, including midline locations, which are not often routinely biopsied in clinical practice. Patients with BRAF V600E PLGG exhibited poor outcomes after chemotherapy and radiation therapies that resulted in a 10-year progression-free survival of 27% (95% CI, 12.1% to 41.9%) and 60.2% (95% CI, 53.3% to 67.1%) for BRAF V600E and wild-type PLGG, respectively ( P < .001). Additional multivariable clinical and molecular stratification revealed that the extent of resection and CDKN2A deletion contributed independently to poor outcome in BRAF V600E PLGG. A similar independent role for CDKN2A and resection on outcome were observed in the independent cohort. Quantitative imaging analysis revealed progressive disease and a lack of response to conventional chemotherapy in most patients with BRAF V600E PLGG.

Conclusion

BRAF V600E PLGG constitutes a distinct entity with poor prognosis when treated with current adjuvant therapy.
Lysosomal targeting of SIDT2 via multiple YxxΦ motifs is required for SIDT2 function in the process of RNautophagy
Authors: Contu Viorica Raluca , Hase Katsunori , Kozuka-Hata Hiroko , Oyama Masaaki , Fujiwara Yuuki , Kabuta Chihana , Takahashi Masayuki , Hakuno Fumihiko , Takahashi Shin-Ichiro , Wada Keiji , Kabuta Tomohiro
Published: July 2017

RNA degradation is an essential process for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Previously, we discovered a novel RNA degradation system, RNautophagy, during which direct import of RNA into lysosomes in an ATP-dependent manner followed by degradation takes place. The putative nucleic acid transporter SID-1 transmembrane family member 2 (SIDT2) predominantly localizes to lysosomes and mediates the translocation of RNA into lysosomes during RNautophagy. However, little is known about the mechanisms of sorting SIDT2 to lysosomes. Here, we show that three cytosolic YxxΦ motifs (in which x is any amino acid and Φ is an amino acid with a bulky hydrophobic side chain) are required for the lysosomal localization of SIDT2, and that SIDT2 interacts with adaptor protein complexes AP-1 and AP-2. We also find that localization to lysosomes by these three motifs is necessary for SIDT2 function in the process of RNautophagy, and that SIDT2 strikingly increases endogenous RNA degradation at the cellular level. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report an endogenous intracellular protein for which overexpression substantially increased intracellular RNA degradation. This study provides new insight into lysosomal targeting of proteins and intracellular RNA degradation, and further confirms the critical function of SIDT2 in RNautophagy.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Trim33 is essential for macrophage and neutrophil mobilization to developmental or inflammatory cues
Authors: Demy Doris Lou , Tauzin Muriel , Lancino Mylène , Le Cabec Véronique , Redd Michael , Murayama Emi , Maridonneau-Parini Isabelle , Trede Nikolaus , Herbomel Philippe
Published: July 2017

Macrophages infiltrate and establish in developing organs from an early stage, often before these have become vascularized. Similarly, leukocytes, in general, can quickly migrate through tissues to any site of wounding. This unique capacity is rooted in their characteristic amoeboid motility, the genetic basis of which is poorly understood. Trim33 (also known as Tif1-γ), a nuclear protein that associates with specific DNA-binding transcription factors to modulate gene expression, has been found to be mainly involved in hematopoiesis and gene regulation mediated by TGF-β. Here, we have discovered that in Trim33-deficient zebrafish embryos, primitive macrophages are unable to colonize the central nervous system to become microglia. Moreover, both macrophages and neutrophils of Trim33-deficient embryos display a reduced basal mobility within interstitial tissues, and a profound lack of a response to inflammatory recruitment signals, including local bacterial infections. Correlatively, Trim33-deficient mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages display a strongly reduced three-dimensional amoeboid mobility in fibrous collagen gels. The transcriptional regulator Trim33 is thus revealed as being essential for the navigation of macrophages and neutrophils towards developmental or inflammatory cues within vertebrate tissues.
Molecular anatomy of the early events in STIM1 activation – oligomerization or conformational change?
Authors: Korzeniowski Marek K. , Wisniewski Eva , Baird Barbara , Holowka David A. , Balla Tamas
Published: July 2017

Decreased luminal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ concentration triggers oligomerization and clustering of the ER Ca2+ sensor STIM1 to promote its association with plasma membrane Orai1 Ca2+ channels leading to increased Ca2+ influx. A key step in STIM1 activation is the release of its SOAR domain from an intramolecular clamp formed with the STIM1 first coiled-coil (CC1) region. Using a truncated STIM1(1–343) molecule that captures or releases the isolated SOAR domain depending on luminal ER Ca2+ concentrations, we analyzed the early molecular events that control the intramolecular clamp formed between the CC1 and SOAR domains. We found that STIM1 forms constitutive dimers, and its CC1 domain can bind the SOAR domain of another STIM1 molecule in trans. Artificial oligomerization failed to liberate the SOAR domain or activate STIM1 unless the luminal Ca2+-sensing domains were removed. We propose that the release of SOAR from its CC1 interaction is controlled by changes in the orientation of the two CC1 domains in STIM1 dimers. Ca2+ unbinding in the STIM1 luminal domains initiates the conformational change allowing SOAR domain liberation and clustering, leading to Orai1 channel activation.
Mass scaling of metabolic rates in carabid beetles (Carabidae) – the importance of phylogeny, regression models and gas exchange patterns
Authors: Gudowska Agnieszka , Schramm Bartosz W. , Czarnoleski Marcin , Antoł Andrzej , Bauchinger Ulf , Kozłowski Jan
Published: July 2017

The origin of the allometric relationship between standard metabolic rate (MR) and body mass (M), often described as MR=aMb, remains puzzling and interpretation of the mass-scaling exponent, b may depend on the methodological approach, shapes of residuals, coefficient of determination (r2) and sample size. We investigated the mass scaling of MRs within and between species of Carabidae beetles. We used ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, phylogenetically generalized least squares (PGLS) regression and standardized major axis (SMA) regression to explore the effects of different model-fitting methods and data clustering caused by phylogenetic clades (grade shift) and gas exchange patterns (discontinuous, cyclic and continuous). At the interspecific level, the relationship between MR and M was either negatively allometric (b<1) or isometric (b=1), depending on the fitting method. At the intraspecific level, the relationship either did not exist or was isometric or positively allometric (b>1), and the fit was significantly improved after the analysed dataset was split according to gas exchange patterns. The studied species originated from two distinct phylogenetic clades that had different intercepts but a common scaling exponent (OLS, 0.61) that was much shallower than the scaling exponent for the combined dataset for all species (OLS, 0.71). The best scaling exponent estimates were obtained by applying OLS while accounting for grade shifts or by applying PGLS. Overall, we show that allometry of MR in insects can depend heavily on the model fitting method, the structure of phylogenetic non-independence and ecological factors that elicit different modes of gas exchange.
A multi-disciplinary perspective on emergent and future innovations in peer review
Authors: Tennant Jonathan P. , Dugan Jonathan M. , Graziotin Daniel , Jacques Damien C. , Waldner François , Mietchen Daniel , Elkhatib Yehia , B. Collister Lauren , Pikas Christina K. , Crick Tom , Masuzzo Paola , Caravaggi Anthony , Berg Devin R. , Niemeyer Kyle E. , Ross-Hellauer Tony , Mannheimer Sara , Rigling Lillian , Katz Daniel S. , Greshake Tzovaras Bastian , Pacheco-Mendoza Josmel , Fatima Nazeefa , Poblet Marta , Isaakidis Marios , Irawan Dasapta Erwin , Renaut Sébastien , Madan Christopher R. , Matthias Lisa , Nørgaard Kjær Jesper , O'Donnell Daniel Paul , Neylon Cameron , Kearns Sarah , Selvaraju Manojkumar , Colomb Julien
Published: July 2017

Peer review of research articles is a core part of our scholarly communication system. In spite of its importance, the status and purpose of peer review is often contested. What is its role in our modern digital research and communications infrastructure? Does it perform to the high standards with which it is generally regarded? Studies of peer review have shown that it is prone to bias and abuse in numerous dimensions, frequently unreliable, and can fail to detect even fraudulent research. With the advent of Web technologies, we are now witnessing a phase of innovation and experimentation in our approaches to peer review. These developments prompted us to examine emerging models of peer review from a range of disciplines and venues, and to ask how they might address some of the issues with our current systems of peer review. We examine the functionality of a range of social Web platforms, and compare these with the traits underlying a viable peer review system: quality control, quantified performance metrics as engagement incentives, and certification and reputation. Ideally, any new systems will demonstrate that they out-perform current models while avoiding as many of the biases of existing systems as possible. We conclude that there is considerable scope for new peer review initiatives to be developed, each with their own potential issues and advantages. We also propose a novel hybrid platform model that, at least partially, resolves many of the technical and social issues associated with peer review, and can potentially disrupt the entire scholarly communication system. Success for any such development relies on reaching a critical threshold of research community engagement with both the process and the platform, and therefore cannot be achieved without a significant change of incentives in research environments.
Development and Validation of an HPLC Method for the Determination of the macrolide antibiotic Clarithromycin using Evaporative Light Scattering Detector in raw materials and Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors: Tzouganaki Zampia , Koupparis Michael
Published: July 2017

In this work, ELS-Detector has been used for the development of an HPLC method for the determination of clarithromycin in pharmaceutical formulations (tablets and pediatric suspension). Isocratic reversed phase HPLC approach has been developed using a C-18 column (Waters Spherisorb 5 μm ODS2, 4.6x250 mm) and a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile / aqueous trifluoroacetic acid as pairing reagent. Experimental parameters (temperature of heated drift tube, flow rate of mobile phase, gas flow rate, mobile phase composition) were optimized. Clarithromycin’ s stability was thoroughly examined in different solvent systems. Using the optimized conditions the working range was 5-100 μg/mL (upper limit can be increased considerably), with a detection limit of 4.5 μg/mL (6x10-6 M). The method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The retention time was 4.7 min. The method was successfully applied for the content assay of clarithromycin formulations.
‘Moderne Muziek’: Vinyl magazine and the Dutch post-punk movement
Authors: Foster Richard
Published: July 2017

The Dutch music magazine Vinyl was launched at a chaotic party on 14 February 1981, at the newly opened ‘Schafthuis Royaal’ club in the squatted former-NRC building in the centre of Amsterdam. Vinyl presented itself as the champion of a new musical development unfolding in the Netherlands – ‘Ultra’. Ultra, standing for ultramodernen, was a term that described a number of young Dutch bands who made avant-garde, post-punk music, most notably Minny Pops, Mecano, Plus Instruments, Minioon, Mekanik Kommando, The Young Lions and Tox Modell. Ultra was visible mainly in Amsterdam, but also had a strong presence in cities such as Nijmegen, Eindhoven and ‘s-Hertogenbosch. From that February 1981 issue (preceded by a taster incorporated into the first edition, known as the ‘Zero Issue’ of December 1980), Vinyl rapidly expanded, reaching print runs of 15,000, including a print run of 3000 for an English language edition during its second year. At its peak in the mid-1980s, albeit with a more populist editorial policy, Vinyl was an established presence in the European alternative music press and referenced by the likes of BBC Radio 1 deejay John Peel. The magazine ran until February 1988. Taking a selected number of early editions of the magazine, this article looks to show how Vinyl carved out a distinct post-punk identity for itself and its readers in the Netherlands of the early 1980s. And, by using comparisons with contemporary articles on the Dutch post-punk scene in the British music press, the article will show that Vinyl (often driven by unaccommodating domestic circumstances) looked to promote an apolitical, transnational post-punk agenda.
Local government reform: Community planning and the quality of life in Northern Ireland
Authors: Knox Colin , Carmichael Paul
Published: July 2017

Local government in Northern Ireland has undergone a significant reform process in terms of both the number of councils (from twenty-six to eleven) and their functional responsibilities. Councils in Northern Ireland have always been regarded as the ‘poor relation’ of central government or non-departmental public bodies which deliver many of the services performed by local government in other parts of the UK (education, social services, housing). The reforms in Northern Ireland, while devolving relatively minor additional functions, offer councils a significant role in community planning – the legal power to hold central departments to account for services provided by them in local areas. This paper argues that councils can use this power to improve the quality of life of their inhabitants.
The phylogenetic analysis of Dalbergia (Fabaceae: Papilionaceae) based on different DNA barcodes
Authors: Li Qiwei , Wu Jihong , Wang Yesheng , Lian Xiaoming , Wu Feilong , Zhou Lin , Huang Zebo , Zhu Shuang
Published: July 2017

The genus Dalbergia contains approximately 250 species with many valuable trees being destroyed by targeted and illegal logging. DNA barcoding is a reliable method for the molecular identification of different species and resources conservation. In the present study, the specimen discrimination ability of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), matK, rbcL and psbA-trnH barcoding were tested on Dalbergia sequences, downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), and the combined barcoding ITS+matK+rbcL was used to identify unknown specimens. It was found that ITS+matK+rbcL have good discrimination rates based on the analysis methods best match (BM) and best close match (BCM). These barcodes also have the best performance concerning barcode gap distribution, and are able to discriminate unknown specimens from South-China. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that D. tamarindifolia and D. rubiginosa are also relatively close to sister-species D. pinnata and D. candenatensis within the phylogenetic Dalbergia tree. Considering the overall performance of these barcodes, we suggest that the ITS+matK+rbcL region is a suitable barcode for identifying Dalbergia species.
Portable XRF on Prehistoric Bronze Artefacts: Limitations and Use for the Detection of Bronze Age Metal Workshops
Authors: Nørgaard Heide Wrobel
Published: July 2017

Two different scientific analyses-one destructive and one non-destructive-were conducted on two separate groups of bronze ornaments dating from 1500-1100 BC to investigate, amongst other traits, the metal composition of their copper-tin alloys. One group of artefacts was sampled, and polished thin sections were analysed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results from the corrosion crust of copper-tin alloys, and the change measured within the elemental composition from the bulk metal to the surface, greatly influenced the interpretation of the second data set, which was measured using a handheld X-ray fluorescence (XRF) device. The surface of corroded bronze ornaments consists mostly of copper carbonates, oxides, and chlorides. Chemical processes, such as decuprification, change the element composition in such a manner that the original alloy cannot be traced with a non-destructive method. This paper compares the results of both investigations in order to define the possibilities and limits of non-destructive XRF analyses of corroded bronze artefacts.
Membrane contactors for CO2 capture processes – critical review
Authors: Nogalska Adrianna , Trojanowska Anna , Garcia-Valls Ricard
Published: July 2017

The use of membrane contactor in industrial processes is wide, and lately it started to be used in CO