bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inositol Inclusion Affects Growth, Body Composition, Antioxidant Performance, and Lipid Metabolism of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)
Authors: Xu Yinglin , Gong Ye , Li Songlin , Zhou Yue , Ma Zhixiao , Yi Ganfeng , Chen Naisong , Wang Weilong , Huang Xuxiong
Published: January 2024

The present study explored the effects of inositol on growth performance, body composition, antioxidant performance, and lipid metabolism of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets containing 0 mg/kg (G1, control), 125 mg/kg (G2), 250 mg/kg (G3), 375 mg/kg (G4), 500 mg/kg (G5), and 625 mg/kg (G6) inositol were prepared and fed to cultured fish (initial weight: 110 ± 1 g) for 8 weeks in recirculating the aquaculture systems. The results indicated that compared with G1 group, the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed efficiency rate (FER) in the G3 group were significantly higher. The crude lipid content of the whole fish and the liver of cultured fish was significantly reduced with increasing dietary inositol inclusion. However, no significant effects on moisture, crude protein, and ash contents of fish were observed among the different groups. Dietary inositol supplementation significantly increased muscular crude protein. However, muscular total lipid contents were decreased when the inclusion level was higher than 250 mg/kg (G3–G6 groups). As dietary inositol supplemental level increased, serum triglyceride (TG), and cholesterol (TC) contents showed an increasing trend and reached the maximum value in the G3 group. Additionally, serum low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) in G2, G3, G4, and G5 groups was significantly upregulated by increasing inositol. While, there was no significant change in serum high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) among the treatments. Inositol inclusion also significantly reduced the serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP), glutamic–pyruvic transaminase (ALT), and glutamic–oxaloacetic transaminase (AST) activities as well as serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content but significantly increased serum catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC). Compared with the control group, the activities of hepatic total lipase (TL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were significantly elevated in the G3, G4, and G5 groups. Above all, dietary inositol supplementation could improve growth performance and antioxidant capacity, and reduce the liver fat content of largemouth bass, and the optimal supplementation level of inositol in feed is estimated to be 250.31–267.27 mg/kg.
Sistema Universitario en Chile y sus Mecanismos de Financiamiento
Authors: Barrientos Oradini Nicolás
Published: January 2024

Desde 1980, luego de la macro reforma al sistema universitario, se promulgaron una serie de cuerpos legales, como el Decreto con Fuerza de Ley N° 1, del Ministerio de Educación, mediante el cual se establece que se podrán crear universidades, las que deberán constituirse como personas jurídicas de derecho privado sin fines de lucro.” (Art. 15, DFL 1, 1980). Continuar leyendo...
EGFR-Driven Lung Adenocarcinomas Co-opt Alveolar Macrophage Metabolism and Function to Support EGFR Signaling and Growth
Authors: Kuhlmann-Hogan Alexandra , Cordes Thekla , Xu Ziyan , Kuna Ramya S. , Traina Kacie A. , Robles-Oteíza Camila , Ayeni Deborah , Kwong Elizabeth M. , Levy Stellar , Globig Anna-Maria , Nobari Matthew M. , Cheng George Z. , Leibel Sandra L. , Homer Robert J. , Shaw Reuben J. , Metallo Christian M. , Politi Katerina , Kaech Susan M.
Published: January 2024

The limited efficacy of currently approved immunotherapies in EGFR-driven lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) underscores the need to better understand alternative mechanisms governing local immunosuppression to fuel novel therapies. Elevated surfactant and GM-CSF secretion from the transformed epithelium induces tumor-associated alveolar macrophage (TA-AM) proliferation, which supports tumor growth by rewiring inflammatory functions and lipid metabolism. TA-AM properties are driven by increased GM-CSF–PPARγ signaling and inhibition of airway GM-CSF or PPARγ in TA-AMs suppresses cholesterol efflux to tumor cells, which impairs EGFR phosphorylation and restrains LUAD progression. In the absence of TA-AM metabolic support, LUAD cells compensate by increasing cholesterol synthesis, and blocking PPARγ in TA-AMs simultaneous with statin therapy further suppresses tumor progression and increases proinflammatory immune responses. These results reveal new therapeutic combinations for immunotherapy-resistant EGFR-mutant LUADs and demonstrate how cancer cells can metabolically co-opt TA-AMs through GM-CSF–PPARγ signaling to provide nutrients that promote oncogenic signaling and growth.

Significance:

Alternate strategies harnessing anticancer innate immunity are required for lung cancers with poor response rates to T cell–based immunotherapies. This study identifies a targetable, mutually supportive, metabolic relationship between macrophages and transformed epithelium, which is exploited by tumors to obtain metabolic and immunologic support to sustain proliferation and oncogenic signaling.

This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 384
Aberrant Upregulation of RUNX3 Activates Developmental Genes to Drive Metastasis in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Suda Kazuto , Okabe Atsushi , Matsuo Junichi , Chuang Linda Shyue Huey , Li Ying , Jangphattananont Nawaphat , Mon Naing Naing , Myint Khine Nyein , Yamamura Akihiro , So Jimmy Bok-Yan , Voon Dominic Chih-Cheng , Yang Henry , Yeoh Khay Guan , Kaneda Atsushi , Ito Yoshiaki
Published: January 2024

Gastric cancer metastasis is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Inhibition of RUNX3 in gastric cancer cell lines reduced migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth in vitro. Following splenic inoculation, CRISPR-mediated RUNX3-knockout HGC-27 cells show suppression of xenograft growth and liver metastasis. We interrogated the potential of RUNX3 as a metastasis driver in gastric cancer by profiling its target genes. Transcriptomic analysis revealed strong involvement of RUNX3 in the regulation of multiple developmental pathways, consistent with the notion that Runt domain transcription factor (RUNX) family genes are master regulators of development. RUNX3 promoted “cell migration” and “extracellular matrix” programs, which are necessary for metastasis. Of note, we found pro-metastatic genes WNT5A, CD44, and VIM among the top differentially expressed genes in RUNX3 knockout versus control cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and HiChIP analyses revealed that RUNX3 bound to the enhancers and promoters of these genes, suggesting that they are under direct transcriptional control by RUNX3. We show that RUNX3 promoted metastasis in part through its upregulation of WNT5A to promote migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth in various malignancies. Our study therefore reveals the RUNX3-WNT5A axis as a key targetable mechanism for gastric cancer metastasis.

Significance:

Subversion of RUNX3 developmental gene targets to metastasis program indicates the oncogenic nature of inappropriate RUNX3 regulation in gastric cancer.
Facilitated Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin Treatment Increases the Quality of Life and Decreases the Number of Infections and Hospitalizations in Children with Primary Immunodeficiencies
Authors: Erbaş Açıcı Nida , Topyildiz Ezgi , Aygün Ayşe , Geyik Mehmet , Edeer Karaca Neslihan , Aksu Guzide , Kutukculer Necil
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Immunoglobulin replacement therapy is an effective lifelong treatment modality used in patients with primary immunodeficiency to prevent and/or reduce the incidence of serious infections. Facilitated subcutaneous immunoglobulin (fSCIG) was developed to combine the advantages of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) and is the latest method of immunoglobulin G (IgG) administration. In this study, switching to fSCIG administration in primary immunodeficiency patients receiving regular IVIG or SCIG therapy was evaluated, and serum IgG trough levels, frequency of infections, frequency and duration of hospitalizations, duration of absence from school/work, and quality of life were determined. Methods: In this study, fifteen patients with primary immunodeficiency who were previously receiving IVIG or SCIG treatment, followed by fSCIG, were evaluated retrospectively. Age, diagnosis, current complications, mean IgG value, frequency of infection, frequency of hospitalization, and duration of absenteeism from school and work were recorded during and before fSCIG treatment. At the beginning of fSCIG treatment, at 6th and 12th months, “The Quality of Life Scale” was also evaluated in patients and parents. Results: The most common indications for initiation of fSCIG treatment were the difficulty of access to the hospital and the long transfusion periods. No systemic adverse reactions were reported except for redness, swelling, and mild pain on the injection site. The median IgG values for the last 1 year were 529.6 mg/dL for IVIG (n = 9), 876.2 mg/dL for SCIG (n = 6) and 856.7 mg/dL for fSCIG (n = 15, all patients) treatment. The frequency of infections and the number of hospitalizations decreased significantly in the fSCIG group compared to both previous treatment modalities. There was a significant increase in the quality of life score of the patients and their families when compared with previous treatment modalities. Conclusion: fSCIG is an effective treatment method and is well tolerated in patients with immunodeficiency. It provides stable immunoglobulin levels and excellent protection against infections and offers the patients the possibility of home-based therapy.
Pancreatic Insufficiency, Digestive Enzyme Supplementation, and Postnatal Growth in Preterm Babies
Authors: Jenkinson Allan , Aladangady Narendra , Wellmann Sven , Eaton Simon , Bührer Christoph , Fleming Paul , Roehr Charles
Published: January 2024

Background: Optimising postnatal growth facilitates better long-term neonatal neurodevelopmental outcomes. Early postnatal growth is often hindered by a variety of factors unique to the extrauterine environment and digestive immaturity both contributing to reduced enteral feed tolerance during the first few days and weeks after birth. Preterm infants display varying levels of pancreatic insufficiency that are related to gestational age and providing digestive enzyme supplementation, may be one way in which to improve postnatal growth in enterally fed preterm babies. Summary: In this review, we explore which exocrine pancreatic enzymes are deficient in preterm babies, the methods by which exocrine pancreatic function is measured, potential avenues by which digestive enzyme replacement might improve postnatal growth failure, and which babies might benefit most from this intervention. Key Messages: Pancreatic exocrine function exhibits developmental immaturity in extremely preterm infants and may contribute to postnatal growth failure. Stool elastase is a simple, non-invasive method of assessing pancreatic function in preterm infants. Available evidence does not currently support routine use of digestive enzyme supplementation in preterm infants.
Pathophysiology of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Wachter Franziska , Pikman Yana
Published: January 2024

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a biologically heterogenous disease arising in clonally proliferating hematopoietic stem cells. Sequential acquisition of mutations leads to expanded proliferation of clonal myeloid progenitors and failure of differentiation, leading to fulminant AML. Summary: Here, we review the pathophysiology of AML with a focus on factors predisposing to AML development, including prior chemo- and radiation therapy, environmental factors, and germline predisposition. Key Message: Increasing genomic characterization of AML and insight into mechanisms of its development will be critical to improvement in AML prognostication and therapy.
An Empirical Survey on the Adaption of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Reike Moritz J. , Reicherz Alina , Tully Karl H. , Bahlburg Henning , Maas Moritz , Bach Peter , Klümper Niklas , Eckstein Markus , Hartmann Arndt , Breyer Johannes , Erben Philipp , Bolenz Christian , Noldus Joachim , Berg Sebastian , Roghmann Florian
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The aim of the study was to determine the adaption of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland and especially underlying reasons for potential low adherence to guidelines. Methods: We conducted a non-validated survey among 336 urologic departments in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. RedCap questionnaires were electronically distributed and included 23 items concerning the general NAC administration standards and guideline compliance in patient counseling regarding the actual treatment. Results: The return rate of the questionnaire was 19.1% (63/336). Although 45 departments (71.4%) claim to perform NAC as the standard of care, only 49% of eligible patients actually receive NAC. An advanced disease stage (≥cT3) and a high tumor volume were mentioned to support the application of NAC, whereas 35% of responders worry about deterioration of patients’ preoperative status due to NAC. Furthermore, 26.7% of respondents are concerned about the low extent of survival benefit. Conclusion: Application of NAC in eligible MIBC patients in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland remains low. Although the majority of urologic departments discuss NAC and acknowledge the need for intensified treatment in advanced disease stages, not all eligible patients will actually receive NAC before radical cystectomy.
Radiation Dose Does Not Affect the Predictive Value of Thyroid Biopsy for Diagnosing Papillary Thyroid Cancer in a Belarusian Cohort Exposed to Chernobyl Fallout
Authors: McConnell Robert J. , Kamysh Olga , O'Kane Patrick L. , Greenebaum Ellen , Rozhko Alexander V. , Yauseyenka Vasilina V. , Minenko Victor F. , Drozdovitch Vladimir , Yarets Yuliya , Kukhta Tatiana , Mabuchi Kiyohiko , Little Mark P. , Cahoon Elizabeth K. , Zablotska Lydia B.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The Chernobyl nuclear accident exposed residents of contaminated territories to substantial quantities of radioiodines and was followed by an increase in thyroid cancer, primarily papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), among exposed children and adolescents. Although thyroid biopsy is an essential component of screening programs following accidental exposure to radioiodines, it is unknown whether the predictive value of biopsy is affected by different levels of environmental exposure. Methods: A cohort of 11,732 Belarusians aged ≤18 years at the time of the Chernobyl accident with individual thyroid radiation dose estimates was screened at least once 11–22 years later. Paired cytologic conclusions and histopathologic diagnoses were possible for 258 thyroid nodules from 238 cohort members. Cytologic conclusions were divided into five reporting categories, with all follicular lesion aspirates combined into a single indeterminate category. Standard performance indicators, risk of malignancy (ROM), and odds ratios for a correct cytologic conclusion were calculated, both overall and according to quintile of thyroid radiation dose. Results: The arithmetic mean thyroid dose estimate for the study group was 1.73 Gy (range: 0.00–23.64 Gy). The final histopathologic diagnosis was cancer for 136 of 258 biopsies (52.7%; 135 papillary and 1 follicular). The overall ROM was 96.7% for cytologies definite for PTC, 83.7% for suspicious for PTC, 33.0% for indeterminate, 8.1% for benign, and 31.0% for non-diagnostic. The ROM showed little change according to level of radiation exposure. Overall, there was no association between thyroid radiation dose and the odds ratio for a correct cytologic conclusion (p = 0.24). When analyzed according to dose quintile, the odds ratio for a correct conclusion increased two-fold at 0.10–0.29 Gy compared to a dose of 0.00–0.09 Gy and decreased at doses of 0.3–24 Gy (p value for linear trend = 0.99). Conclusions: At radiation doses received by a cohort of young Belarusians exposed to radioiodines by the Chernobyl accident, the predictive value of thyroid biopsy for diagnosing PTC was not significantly affected by level of radiation exposure.
A cozinha na TV: distinção e simulacro em programas culinários do GNT
Authors: Scabin Nara Lya Cabral
Published: January 2024

O artigo busca identificar os posicionamentos discursivos que estruturam dois programas culinários do GNT (Tempero de Família e Que Marravilha!), à luz de um contexto de alargamento e suposta diversificação das visibilidades da cozinha e da comida na cultura audiovisual. Para discutir a problemática proposta, recorremos a aportes teórico-metodológicos da Análise do Discurso, com destaque para as considerações de Maingueneau (2008) acerca da semântica global do discurso e de sua heterogeneidade constitutiva. Como resultado principal, problematizamos uma pretensa diversidade de abordagens nos programas analisados, apontando que ambos são enunciados a partir de uma mesma posição discursiva.
História do cinema, mercado e Estado na obra de Jean-Claude Bernardet
Authors: Autran Arthur
Published: January 2024

The article deals with Jean-Claude Bernardet's reflection on the history of relations between Brazilian production, the market and the State. The thought about Brazilian cinema and its insertion in the market has a long tradition that dates back to the 1920s. From the 1950s onwards, this was an important vein for the development of the first researches on the history of Brazilian cinema. It is in this tradition that Jean-Claude Bernardet's concerns were initially inscribed. However, from the interrogation of certain problems, mainly the ties between filmmakers and the State, Bernardet poses a series of questions in order to reinvent the tradition.
Mulheres muçulmanas e o uso do hijab no ocidente: a importância da multinormatividade na garantia de liberdades individuais
Authors: Souza O' de Almeida Gabrielle
Published: January 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo investigar a problemática envolvendo o uso do hijab, o lenço utilizado por uma parcela das mulheres de religião islâmica, no contexto do Ocidente, especialmente na Europa, onde alguns países chegaram a proibir o seu uso, revelando um ato de evidente intolerância religiosa. Por meio de uma análise aprofundada, são explorados tanto o movimento feminista islâmico, que defende a liberdade de escolha do uso do hijab como uma expressão de identidade e fé, quanto a corrente contrária, que argumenta que a própria religião garante essa igualdade entre homens emulheres. O ponto fulcral deste artigo é a discussão da multinormatividade, em um contexto global, como meio para salvaguardar a liberdade individual das mulheres na escolha de suas vestimentas, independentemente de suas crenças religiosas, e para evitar interferências estatais nos assuntos pessoais de cunho religioso. Argumenta-se que o respeito à multinormatividade é fundamental para garantir a diversidade cultural e religiosa nas democracias ocidentais, reforçando o respeito aos direitos humanos e à autonomia individual. Os resultados desta pesquisa apontam para a necessidade de uma abordagem pluralista e não intolerante por parte das “democracias” ocidentais, a fim de reconhecer a diversidade religiosa e culturaldas sociedades contemporâneas. Além disso, destaca-se a importância de promover um diálogo intercultural construtivo, em busca de soluções que respeitem a dignidade humana e a liberdade de expressão das mulheres muçulmanas. Ao final, espera-se que este estudo contribua para um olhar mais empático e compreensivo sobre a questão do hijab no Ocidente, promovendo uma convivência harmoniosa entre diferentes culturas e religiões.
Islã, secularismo e concerto nacional: o Uzbequistão no meio do caminho
Authors: Conceição Guilherme
Published: January 2024

Para um olhar desatento, a Ásia Central pode parecer periférica à trajetória do Islã no Oriente Médio. No entanto, essa extensa região e especialmente o Uzbequistão ocupam uma posição importantíssima na história muçulmana. Desde o início do processo de islamização, porém, a relação entre a religião islâmica e os governos locais se desenvolveu de maneira distinta. Dessa forma, o artigo oferece uma perspectiva histórica e comparativa sobre a influência do Islã e da cultura muçulmana para a construção do Uzbequistão moderno e analisa como essa influência foi percebida e gerenciada durante o processo de consolidação nacional. Defende-se que, de um ambiente intelectual impressionante ao florescimento do Estado secular, hoje o Uzbequistão busca equilibrar a herança do passado, reformulando elementos do presente, para solidificar sua identidade e encontrar seu lugar ao sol.
Redefinindo o fundamentalismo islâmico diante do processo de globalização: rastreando origens
Authors: Bisneto Victor Begeres
Published: January 2024

Nas últimas décadas o termo “fundamentalismo” se popularizou por meio do uso que diversos veículos de comunicação fizeram dele para classificar grupos e organizações, principalmente islâmicos, envolvidos em ações ilícitas, ataques terroristas e de viés ultraconservador, que de certo modo usam a religião para justificar seus atos. Este capítulo de tese busca revisar, esclarecer e compreender as origens e os desdobramentos do fundamentalismo, especialmente quando vinculado à religião islâmica, o que confere complexidade na tarefa de “apurar” a conceituação desse sintagma, que amiúde se confunde com outras denominações, como Islam político, jihadismo, salafismo, entre outros. Para isso, propomos neste capítulo de tese uma discussão sobre os seus significados, uma periodização de seus usos e contextos e, por fim, sugerimos uma espécie de genealogia desses múltiplos termos a partir da análise das concepções de diversos autores sobre o tema.
Architecture of Traditional and Modern Afghan Houses and the Fundamentalist Regime: Impacts on Women's Lives
Authors: Samimi Sayed Abdul Basir , Rozestraten Artur Simões , Mata Júnia Aparecida Laia da
Published: January 2024

This research investigates the relation between the architectural attributes of traditional and modern houses in Afghanistan and the constraints imposed on Afghan women’s lives by considering recent incidents. This study draws upon a combination of historical sources and news articles pertaining to contemporary Afghan affairs as its primary data sources. Additionally, it comparatively analyzes two houses — one exemplifying the traditional Afghan design and another, modern architecture — in the City of Herat, Afghanistan. By highlighting the interplay between architectural features and their implications for women’s lives, this research aims to shed light on this dwelling relationship. The findings of this research indicate that urban areas more conspicuously manifest modernization in physical aspects, evinced by the prevalence of modern residential houses. However, with the initiation of new restrictions imposed by the Taliban after 2021, modern houses (characterized by more limited open spaces than traditional ones) engender heightened vulnerability for Afghan women. Thus, confining women within these modern houses deleteriously impacts their physical and mental well-being.
Narrativas sensoriais em projetos de memória organizacional: uma possibilidade em estratégias de comunicação institucional
Authors: Dias Neto João de Deus
Published: January 2024

Narrativas sensoriais estão expostas neste trabalho como alternativa estratégica, para efetividade, em projetos de comunicação institucional de memória das organizações. O percurso desta proposta passa pela compreensão de conceitos basilares das organizações, as quais têm na comunicação todos seus processos operacionais, desde sua constituição, desenvolvimento e eventual desaparecimento. Estudamos a complexidade das dimensões da cultura organizacional, destacando elementos constituintes: ritos, rituais, mitos e heróis organizacionais. Aborda-se a relevância da comunicação institucional estratégica e a identidade corporativa, bem como suas muitas conexões também foram evidenciadas. Observamos que há caminhos possíveis na comunicação institucional de memória, destacando a relevância e emergência das narrativas de experiência, especialmente no que concerne à comunicação sensorial, em projetos de memória. Por fim, foram elencadas narrativas sensoriais concretas a partir de algumas peças de comunicação institucional de memória organizacional de empresa premiada pela Aberje – Associação Brasileira de Comunicação Empresarial.
Excelência na comunicação organizacional: casos notórios
Authors: Heringer Leandro Peters
Published: January 2024

O texto apresenta análise dos casos narrados no e-book “Comunicação Pública: Casos Excelentes” realizado pela ABCPública e a Aberje, bem como a interpretação da publicação como um todo, as relações entre os textos e a aplicabilidade teórico-prática dos casos apresentados.
Um diálogo comunicativo que aproxima e transforma: narrativas interculturais contemporâneas nas produções Vídeo nas Aldeias e Um dia na Aldeia
Authors: Farias Luiz Alberto de , Amaral Adriana Cristina Alves do , Aiello Thais Regina , Attene Roberta Beatriz Cirillo
Published: January 2024

Este artigo propõe a análise de narrativas, expressões e interações sociais de comunidades indígenas brasileiras apresentadas na série de documentários Vídeo nas Aldeias (VNA) e na coleção de livros infantojuvenis Um dia na Aldeia, sob a condução de Vincent Carelli e Rita Carelli, respectivamente. Como metodologia, recorre à revisão de literatura, pautada nos conceitos de interculturalidade, comunicação intercultural e identidade propostos por autores como Canclini, ElHajji e Hall, além da análise exploratória descritiva do material pesquisado. Destaca especialmente o protagonismo e a participação das populações indígenas na autoria e no compartilhamento de suas vivências, particularidades, culturas e línguas com outras aldeias e com a sociedade em geral, em um processo de comunicação a partir de produções fílmicas e literárias.
Do cartaz ao fake out of home: o eterno compromisso da publicidade com a mentira
Authors: Perez Clotilde , Pompeu Bruno
Published: January 2024

O objetivo do artigo é contribuir para a reflexão sobre a evolução da publicidade, chegando até a assimilação da Inteligência Artificial e suas criações e expressões. Percorrendo referencial teórico sobre publicidade e as eras culturais, da cultura oral, escrita e impressa ao desenvolvimento da cultura de massa para a cultura das mídias e da cibercultura, a publicidade incorpora as tecnologias inovativas, expandido sua atuação criativamente, como acontece nas campanhas de Digital Out of Home e Fake Out of Home, com a simulação de realidades com existência exclusivamente digital. A simulação, o engano e a exploração sensível e imaginativa sempre foram e serão a essência da publicidade, até por isso, as novas ações permitidas pela IA não são inovadoras em sua essência. A problemática de fato não está no duplo simulacro do FOOH, no falseamento ou nas hipérboles, mas sim nas consequências ainda pouco visíveis acerca da concentração das informações de produção e consumo sob os domínios das big techs.
The Pitfalls of Defining Hallucination
Authors: Deemter Kees van
Published: January 2024

Despite impressive advances in Natural Language Generation (NLG) and Large Language Models (LLMs), researchers are still unclear about important aspects of NLG evaluation. To substantiate this claim, I examine current classifications of hallucination and omission in data-text NLG, and I propose a logic-based synthesis of these classfications. I conclude by highlighting some remaining limitations of all current thinking about hallucination and by discussing implications for LLMs.
Combining multimodal connectivity information improves modelling of pathology spread in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Thompson Elinor , Schroder Anna , He Tiantian , Shand Cameron , Soskic Sonja , Oxtoby Neil P. , Barkhof Frederik , Alexander Daniel C. ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: January 2024

Cortical atrophy and aggregates of misfolded tau proteins are key hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease. Computational models that simulate the propagation of pathogens between connected brain regions have been used to elucidate mechanistic information about the spread of these disease biomarkers, such as disease epicentres and spreading rates. However, the connectomes that are used as substrates for these models are known to contain modality-specific false positive and false negative connections, influenced by the biases inherent to the different methods for estimating connections in the brain. In this work, we compare five types of connectomes for modelling both tau and atrophy patterns with the network diffusion model, which are validated against tau PET and structural MRI data from individuals with either mild cognitive impairment or dementia. We then test the hypothesis that a joint connectome, with combined information from different modalities, provides an improved substrate for the model. We find that a combination of multimodal information helps the model to capture observed patterns of tau deposition and atrophy better than any single modality. This is validated with data from independent datasets. Overall, our findings suggest that combining connectivity measures into a single connectome can mitigate some of the biases inherent to each modality and facilitate more accurate models of pathology spread, thus aiding our ability to understand disease mechanisms, and providing insight into the complementary information contained in different measures of brain connectivity
The Nature of Time in Relativistic Operational Reality
Authors: Aerts Diederik , Sassoli de Bianchi Massimiliano
Published: January 2024

In their recent articles Gruber, Block and Montemayor (2022: Front. Psychol., 13, 718505) and Buonomano and Rovelli (2022: arXiv:2110.01976) discuss the differences between time in physics and psychology. With the aim of commenting on their views, we first outline a few general aspects of relativity theory, and some of the core elements of our approach, referring the reader to Aerts (1996: Found. Phys., 26, 1627–1644; 2018: Found. Sci., 23, 511–547), Aerts and Aerts (2004: in A. C. Elitzur, S. Dolev and N. Kolenda (Eds), Quo Vadis Quantum Mechanics? Possible Developments in Quantum Theory in the 21st Century, pp. 153–207) and Aerts and Sassoli de Bianchi (2023: arXiv:2307.04764) for more details. In our approach, the ability of the experimenter to freely choose to perform or not to perform an experiment is explicitly considered and applied to the typical twin-paradox situation. This leads to the definition of a four-dimensional spacetime reality for each observer, a personal block universe. This is compatible with the existence of a local contextual present for each observer, travelling on their worldline, from their personal past to their personal future. Global spacetime becomes, as a corollary, a structure full of measurement-induced bifurcations towards the future, thus fundamentally nondeterministic. We analyze and highlight how this nondeterministic global reality is the one that follows from an operational approach inspired by quantum foundations, opening a way for an integration of relativity and quantum.
Thinking Backwards about Time
Authors: Sheehan Daniel P.
Published: January 2024

The concept of time in physics and its connection to consciousness are becoming increasingly problematic. A missing ingredient to both could be retrocausation — the temporal inverse of everyday causation — in which the future influences the past. Apparent evidence for it is in the phenomenon of precognition. Thus far, psychology and physics have assiduously avoided incorporating precognition into their paradigms, even though experimental evidence for it is substantial. Among many noteworthy studies, the Graff–Cyrus experiment is explicated here as an outstanding example of the phenomenon. It is hoped that consciousness, retrocausation, and precognition can be accommodated within the current paradigm of physics, helping bridge the gap to psychology.
Anatomic Relationship Between the Head of the Middle Turbinate and First Olfactory Filum: A Radiographic Assessment
Authors: Obermeyer Isaac P. , Nguyen Cecilia H. , Yoo Frederick , Garg Rohit , Kuan Edward C.
Published: January 2024

Background:

The endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure (EMLP) has become a frequently utilized procedure in rhinologic surgery. One of the most serious complications of the procedure is cerebrospinal fluid leak, which may occur due to lack of recognition of the anterior skull base in the region of the first olfactory filum (FOF), or direct injury to the FOF itself.

Objectives:

To evaluate the position of the head of the middle turbinate (MT) relative to the FOF, which is an important landmark in the EMLP.

Methods:

A series of previously obtained patient computed tomography scans of the sinus were reviewed. A reproducible process was implemented to obtain the measurements. First, the FOF was identified on an axial series. Using a localization feature of the radiographic software, this anteroposterior (AP) position could be visualized in a coronal plane. Subsequently, the MT was viewed in a sagittal plane, where a measurement between the head of the MT and the AP position of the FOF could be performed.

Results:

The AP distance between the head of the MT and the FOF was measured in 92 patients. The head of the MT was either at or anterior to the FOF in all measured subjects. The mean anterior distance of the head of the MT to FOF was 3.6 mm (±2.4 mm) on the right, and 3.8 mm (±2.2 mm) on the left. The range in AP distance was 0 to 12 mm. There was no significant difference in AP distance between the head of the MT and FOF based on gender ( P = .413) or diagnosis ( P = .254).

Conclusions:

In our study, the head of the MT was reliably at or anterior to the FOF in all subjects, suggesting its utility as a fixed landmark in endoscopic sinus surgery, particularly in the EMLP.

Level of Evidence:

N/A.
Participatory Research with Persons who Experience Mental Illness in Occupational Therapy: A Scoping Review
Authors: Javadizadeh Elham , Oudshoorn Abram , Letts Lori , Barbic Skye , Shanoff Chelsea , Marshall Carrie Anne
Published: January 2024

Background. Persons who experience mental illness also face stigma and discrimination that frequently lead to a loss of ability to exercise autonomy and agency in their lives. Purpose. The range and breadth of literature exploring participatory research with persons living with mental illness are unknown in occupational therapy and occupation science. We initiated this study to fill this gap in the existing occupational therapy and occupational science literature. Method. Using the method of Arksey and O’Malley, we have conducted a scoping review to identify the range and breadth of literature. A qualitative content analysis was performed. Findings. A total of 34 articles were included in the narrative synthesis. The content analysis led to three related themes from the included studies: (1) coming together; (2) unique potential of participatory research; and (3) challenges in conducting participatory research. Conclusions. This review highlights that participatory research is well suited to research conducted with persons living with mental illness to support meaningful engagement and minimize stigma throughout the research process. This review can guide future participatory research and practice in occupational therapy and occupational science with persons living with mental illness.
Unsaturated out-of-plane permeability measured with three-dimensional flow monitoring by etched optical fiber sensors
Authors: Liu Xiao , Sousa Pedro , Pfeiffer Helge , Lomov Stepan V. , Ivens Jan , Qing Xinlin
Published: January 2024

In our work, the three-dimensional flow in stacks of biaxial E-glass fiber non-crimp fabrics (NCF) and unidirectional carbon fiber layers was monitored by the etched optical fiber sensors embedded inside the fabric stack. The influence of embedding sensors with a diameter of 200 µm on the flow was experimentally illustrated and discussed. The out-of-plane permeability of the two fabric materials was estimated with a radial infusion model using the in-plane permeability values as the prior knowledge. The assumed radius of the semi-ellipsoidal flow was derived and showed a good agreement with the results obtained by the best fit of the exact solution, which provides an approximate solution that simplifies the calculation process. The asymptotic form and the modified semi-ellipsoidal inlet radius method for the case of a non-negligible radius of injection tube compared to the fabric sample thickness were verified. The uncertainties related to the unknown flow pattern near the inlet were also demonstrated. The presented results facilitate the further development and standardization of out-of-plane permeability measurement methods with embedded sensors.
A novel opposition-based hybrid cooperation search algorithm with Nelder–Mead for tuning of FOPID-controlled buck converter
Authors: Ersali Cihan , Hekimoğlu Baran
Published: January 2024

This paper introduces a novel metaheuristic algorithm named the opposition-based cooperation search algorithm with Nelder–Mead (OCSANM). This enhanced algorithm builds upon the cooperation search algorithm (CSA) by incorporating opposition-based learning (OBL) and the Nelder–Mead simplex search method. The primary application of this algorithm is the design of a fractional-order proportional–integral–derivative (FOPID) controller for a buck converter system. A comprehensive evaluation is conducted using statistical boxplot analysis, nonparametric statistical tests and convergence response comparisons to assess the algorithm’s performance and confirm its superiority over CSA. Furthermore, the FOPID-controlled buck converter system based on OCSANM is compared with two top-performing algorithms: one using a hybridized approach of Lévy flight distribution with simulated annealing (LFDSA) and the other employing the improved hunger games search (IHGS) algorithm. This comparison encompasses transient and frequency responses, performance indices and robustness analysis. The results reveal the notable advantages of the proposed OCSANM-based system, including 25.8% and 8.7% faster rise times, 26% and 8.8% faster settling times compared with the best-performing approaches, namely LFDSA and IHGS, respectively. In addition, the OCSANM-based system exhibits a 34.7% and 9.6% wider bandwidth than the existing approaches-based systems. Incorporating voltage and current responses of the buck converter’s switched circuit with the OCSANM-based FOPID controller further underscores the algorithm’s effectiveness. To provide a comprehensive assessment, the paper also compares the proposed approach’s time and frequency domain responses with those of 17 other state-of-the-art approaches attempting to control buck converter systems similarly. These findings affirm the effectiveness of the OCSANM in designing FOPID controllers for buck converter systems.
Barriers to Advance Care Planning in Older Adults With Dementia, Their Families and Healthcare Professionals: An Umbrella Review of Qualitative Evidence
Authors: Konno Rie , Inoue Kumiyo , Matsushita Yumiko , Hashimoto Kokoro , Wiechula Richard , To Timothy , Schultz Timothy J
Published: January 2024

This umbrella review aimed to examine and synthesize qualitative studies that explored the barriers and facilitators of advance care planning for persons with dementia, their families, and their healthcare professionals and caregivers. The modified umbrella review approach developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute was followed. Five major English databases were searched. Four reviews based on 38 primary qualitative studies were included. The methodological quality of the included reviews was moderate to high. The synthesis yielded 16 descriptive themes and five analytical themes: making the wishes/preferences of persons with dementia visible; constructive collaboration based on stakeholders having positive relationships; emotional chaos in facing end-of-life substitute decision-making; initiating the advance care planning process; and preparedness and commitment of healthcare providers to advance care planning. Comprehensive and workable strategies are required to overcome complex and interrelated barriers involving not only healthcare professionals but also organizational and systemic challenges.
Check-In/Check-Out (CICO) in High School: Results From a Small Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Flannery K. Brigid , Kato Mimi McGrath , Kittelman Angus , Sampson Nadia Katul , McIntosh Kent
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study was to provide initial evidence of the effectiveness of Check-In/Check-Out-High School (CICO-HS) on high school student outcomes. Check-In/Check-Out-High School is a version of CICO, an established Tier 2 intervention designed to improve student academic and social behavior, adapted to increase effectiveness and feasibility in high schools. Key adaptations in CICO-HS include increased student agency through goal setting and self-rating, and increased efficiency through use of a mobile application for data collection, progress monitoring, and family communication. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted during the 2021–2022 school year and included 14 ninth grade students in one public high school in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Students were randomly assigned to receive CICO-HS or a waitlist/control condition. Although underpowered, the RCT results showed meaningful improvements (small to moderate effect sizes) in student attendance (unexcused tardies and absences) and teacher ratings of student academic and social behaviors. Moreover, students and school personnel rated CICO-HS components as being socially acceptable to implement in high school. Implications for future research to replicate and expand study findings and for practice to scale up CICO-HS with fidelity in high schools are discussed.
Association of metformin use with abdominal aortic aneurysm: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dewangga Raditya , Winston Kevin , Ilhami Lazuardi Gayu , Indriani Suci , Siddiq Taofan , Adiarto Suko
Published: January 2024

Background

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a cardiovascular disease characterized by a high mortality rate when ruptured. Some studies suggest a potential inverse correlation between AAA and diabetes patients, especially those undergoing metformin treatment. However, this relationship remains unclear. This paper offers a systematic review and meta-analysis with the objective of clarifying the influence of metformin on AAA.

Methods

A search for relevant articles was performed across multiple databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane and Scopus. The focus was on studies that examined the comparative effects of metformin and non-metformin treatments on AAA patients. Data from appropriate studies were consolidated to estimate the effects. Our study encompassed 11 articles, comprising 13 cohorts that compared metformin ( n = 32,250) with a control group ( n = 116,339).

Results

The random effects meta-analysis revealed that metformin was associated with a slower growth rate (weighted mean difference (WMD) −0.86 mm; 95% CI: −1.21 to −0.52; p < 0.01; I2: 81.4%) and fewer AAA-related events (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.34 to 0.86; p = 0.01; I2: 60.9%). The findings suggest that metformin may be linked to a reduced risk of aortic aneurysm. A meta-regression analysis indicated that the association between metformin and AAA growth was significantly influenced by male gender ( p = 0.027), but not by age ( p = 0.801), hypertension ( p = 0.256), DM ( p = 0.689), smoking history ( p = 0.786), use of lipid-lowering agents ( p = 0.715), or baseline diameter ( p = 0.291).

Conclusion

These results hint at a potential role for metformin in limiting annual AAA growth, AAA-related events, and the risk of AAA.
Partition, partisanship and inter-church relations in Mizoram
Authors: Lalnuntluanga John
Published: January 2024

This article is an attempt at identifying ways and means to gauge the construction and reification of ethnicity and socio-cultural identity among Mizo Presbyterians and Mizo Baptists. This is to be done against the backdrop of exercises in cartography and the partitioning of communities undertaken by the colonial administrators. It takes into account the erecting of geospatial boundaries and the creation of specific identities limited to and centred on such demarcations. And it proposes that in instances of a definite lack of sufficient historical sources, it is imperative that one harnesses imagination, the ability of the mind to be creative or resourceful.
Aging second-generation Holocaust survivors and well-being: The mediating role of relational attitudes
Authors: Tolmacz Rami , Aisenberg-Shafran Daniela , Ofek Sapir , Lev-Ari Lilac
Published: January 2024

For many years, clinical case studies that have focused on the intergenerational effects of Holocaust trauma have indicated that second-generation Holocaust survivors (SGHSs) often face relational challenges in their intimate relationships. The relational attitudes of SGHSs during childhood, as well as during adulthood, have been studied. However, only in recent years has this cohort entered the “aging adult” group. In this study, we hypothesized that well-being among Israeli aging SGHSs would be associated with parentification and with specific relational attitudes toward their adult offspring. We examined whether parentification, sense of relational entitlement, pathological concern, and authenticity in relationships mediated the association between family background and well-being. A total of 329 participants (60% SGHSs; 19% men) completed questionnaires tapping retrospective accounts of parentification during childhood, inflated and restricted senses of entitlement, pathological concern, relational authenticity, and subjective well-being. Aging SGHSs reported higher levels of parentification, inflated sense of entitlement toward offspring, pathological concern, lower levels of authenticity, and subjective well-being. The association between family background and subjective well-being was mediated by parentification, inflated sense of relational entitlement, pathological concern, and authenticity. Findings suggest that especially for aging SGHSs, childhood parentification takes a heavy toll on their sense of well-being via the hindering of a balanced sense of relational entitlement and concern and the authentic expression of self.
Reorientation of grain crystal lattices in metals/alloys during electrocrystallisation under the action of force
Authors: Girin Oleg B.
Published: January 2024

The purpose of the study was experimental verification of the proposed concept of phase formation in electrocrystallised metals/alloys via the stage of supercooled liquid state. In accordance with the purpose, the task was to reveal the features of formation of the crystallographic texture in metals/alloys during their electrocrystallisation under the action of small force. The effect of the emergence of a new crystallographic texture with lower surface energy in metals/alloys during electrocrystallisation under the action of small external force exerted in the direction opposite to the initial axis of the texture was experimentally established. The obtained result is one more proof of the validity of the concept of phase formation in electrocrystallised metals/alloys via the stage of supercooled liquid state.