bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Updated approach for the management of osteoporosis in Turkey: a consensus report
Authors: Kirazlı Yeşim , Atamaz Çalış Funda , El Özlem , Gökçe Kutsal Yeşim , Peker Özlen , Sindel Dilsad , Tuzun Şansın , Gogas Yavuz Dilek , Durmaz Berrin , Akarirmak Ülkü , Bodur Hatice , Hamuryudan Vedat , Inceboz Umit , Öncel Sema
Published: August 2020

Summary

As a result of the current demographics, increased projections of osteoporosis (OP) and prevalence of the disease in Turkey, a panel of multidisciplinary experts developed a thorough review to assist clinicians in identifying OP and associated fracture risk patients, diagnosing the disease with the appropriate available diagnostic methods, classifying the disease, and initiating appropriate treatment. The panel expects to increase the awareness of this prevalent disease, decrease consequences of OP with corresponding cost savings and, ultimately, decrease the overall burden of OP and related fractures in Turkey.

Background

OP is not officially accepted as a chronic disease in Turkey despite the high prevalence and predicted increase in the following years. However, there are areas where the country is performing well, such as having a country-specific fracture risk assessment model, DXA access, and the uptake of FRAX. Additional efforts are required to decrease the existing treatment gap estimating 75–90% of patients do not receive pharmacological intervention for secondary prevention, and the diagnosis rate is around 25%.

Methods

A selected panel of Turkish experts in fields related to osteoporosis was provided with a series of relevant questions to address prior to the multi-day conference. Within this conference, each narrative was discussed and edited by the entire group, through numerous drafts and rounds of discussion until a consensus was achieved. Represented in the panel were a number of societies including The Turkish Osteoporosis Society, The Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Turkey (SEMT), and The Turkish Society of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.

Results

Standardized general guidelines to identify OP and related fractures and at-risk population in Turkey, which will enable clinicians to accurately and effectively diagnose the disease, treat the appropriate patients with available pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments and decrease the burden of the disease.

Conclusions

This manuscript provides a review of the current state of OP and related fractures in Turkey. Moreover, this manuscript reviews current international guidelines and national studies and proposes a number of helpful country-specific classifications that can be used by healthcare providers caring for the at-risk population. Additionally, the panel proposes practical recommendations that should be implemented nationally in order to decrease the burden of OP and related fractures and effectively preventing the burden in future generations.
Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC): review of its molecular characteristics, screening, treatment, and prognosis
Authors: Yoshida Reiko
Published: August 2020

Breast cancer is a common cancer affecting a large number of patients. Notably, 5–10% of all breast cancer patients are genetically predisposed to cancers. Although the most common breast cancer susceptibility genes areBRCA1andBRCA2, which are also associated with the risk of developing ovarian and pancreatic cancer, advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis technology enabled the discovery of several non-BRCAgenes responsible for breast and ovarian cancers. Studies on hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) involve not only determining the predisposition to developing cancer, but also considering the current treatment for breast cancer, prevention of next cancer, risk diagnosis, and adoption of protective measures for relatives. We present a comprehensive review of HBOC, which will be a useful resource in the clinical setting. Many hereditary tumors, including HBOC, are syndromes characterized by the development of different types of cancer in succession. Taking advantage of knowing predisposition of susceptibility to cancer, it is important to continue and update cancer management protocols, which includes the adoption of preventive measures, countermeasures, and treatments, to accurately assess and prevent the impact of cancer on the quality of life of the next generation of patients.
Neurogenesis After Stroke: A Therapeutic Perspective
Authors: Rahman Abir A. , Amruta Narayanappa , Pinteaux Emmanuel , Bix Gregory J.
Published: August 2020

Stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Yet therapeutic strategies available to treat stroke are very limited. There is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutics that can effectively facilitate functional recovery. The injury that results from stroke is known to induce neurogenesis in penumbra of the infarct region. There is considerable interest in harnessing this response for therapeutic purposes. This review summarizes what is currently known about stroke-induced neurogenesis and the factors that have been identified to regulate it. Additionally, some key studies in this field have been highlighted and their implications on future of stroke therapy have been discussed. There is a complex interplay between neuroinflammation and neurogenesis that dictates stroke outcome and possibly recovery. This highlights the need for a better understanding of the neuroinflammatory process and how it affects neurogenesis, as well as the need to identify new mechanisms and potential modulators. Neuroinflammatory processes and their impact on post-stroke repair have therefore also been discussed.
An integrated procedure for reservoir connectivity study between neighboring fields
Authors: Qassamipour Mehdi , Khodapanah Elnaz , Tabatabaei-Nezhad Seyyed Alireza
Published: August 2020

Reservoir connectivity has a considerable effect on reservoir characterization, plans for field developments and production forecasts. Reducing the uncertainties about the lateral and vertical extension of different pay zones is the main step in developing and managing the reservoirs. Nearly all the proposed methodologies for the verification of reservoir connectivity are limited to the study of the communication of different compartments in one field. In the presented paper, first a comprehensive procedure is proposed to study the reservoir connectivity between nearby fields. The steps in this procedure are not necessarily hierarchy, but all the considerations in each step are studied to cover all the uncertainties that affect the reservoir communication. This procedure mainly comprises the study of reservoir extension, pressure communication in the hydrocarbon column, fluid similarity, top seal efficiency and faults sealing. Then, to apply this procedure for proving the communication between nearby fields, a case study of Ilam Formation in southwest of Iran is presented. The results confirm the lateral connectivity of the three pre-explored distinctive oil fields in Ilam Formation. The established connectivity leads to an increase in the pre-estimated oil-in-place volumes. This incorporated case study demonstrates how different data including geophysics, structural and petroleum geology, production and reservoir engineering are integrated to prove the communication of Ilam reservoir between these fields. This manifested technique is a powerful road map for other cases worldwide and is extremely recommended to be performed before developing those fields that are suspicious to lateral connectivity.
Do Spatial Designs Outperform Classic Experimental Designs?
Authors: Hoefler Raegan , González-Barrios Pablo , Bhatta Madhav , Nunes Jose A. R. , Berro Ines , Nalin Rafael S. , Borges Alejandra , Covarrubias Eduardo , Diaz-Garcia Luis , Quincke Martin , Gutierrez Lucia
Published: August 2020

Controlling spatial variation in agricultural field trials is the most important step to compare treatments efficiently and accurately. Spatial variability can be controlled at the experimental design level with the assignment of treatments to experimental units and at the modeling level with the use of spatial corrections and other modeling strategies. The goal of this study was to compare the efficiency of methods used to control spatial variation in a wide range of scenarios using a simulation approach based on real wheat data. Specifically, classic and spatial experimental designs with and without a two-dimensional autoregressive spatial correction were evaluated in scenarios that include differing experimental unit sizes, experiment sizes, relationships among genotypes, genotype by environment interaction levels, and trait heritabilities. Fully replicated designs outperformed partially and unreplicated designs in terms of accuracy; the alpha-lattice incomplete block design was best in all scenarios of the medium-sized experiments. However, in terms of response to selection, partially replicated experiments that evaluate large population sizes were superior in most scenarios. The AR1 $$\times $$× AR1 spatial correction had little benefit in most scenarios except for the medium-sized experiments with the largest experimental unit size and low GE. Overall, the results from this study provide a guide to researchers designing and analyzing large field experiments.

Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear online.
Methods for anaerobic digestion model fitting—comparison between heuristic and automatic approach
Authors: Postawa Karol , Szczygieł Jerzy , Kułażyński Marek
Published: August 2020

The article demonstrates if automatic optimization can be better than manual adjustment. The subject of optimization was the temperature-phased anaerobic digestion (TPAD) model. A selection of 3 parameters per each reactor in the process chain was appointed—reaction rate for propionate conversion, acetate conversion, and hydrolysis. Overall, both methods provided very convergent results. However, the total summary error (TSE) for the automatic algorithm was always moderately lower than for manual—the difference varied between 16.16 and 57.05 percentage points. Although the manual method has significant advantages—adjustment was more homogenous and gave more uniform fitting. Finally, cross-validation was performed to unify the values between the experimental series. The result was a total number of 4 values for each optimized constant—for two temperature points in each of two methods. Due to inconclusive information about the accuracy, averaged values were calculated to use in further researches. The recommendation from this article is to connect the best aspect of both methods to achieve the most accurate results.
Co-expression analysis of pancreatic cancer proteome reveals biology and prognostic biomarkers
Authors: Mantini G. , Vallés A. M. , Le Large T. Y. S. , Capula M. , Funel N. , Pham T. V. , Piersma S. R. , Kazemier G. , Bijlsma M. F. , Giovannetti E. , Jimenez C. R.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Despite extensive biological and clinical studies, including comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic profiling efforts, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a devastating disease, with a poor survival and limited therapeutic options. The goal of this study was to assess co-expressed PDAC proteins and their associations with biological pathways and clinical parameters.

Methods

Correlation network analysis is emerging as a powerful approach to infer tumor biology from omics data and to prioritize candidate genes as biomarkers or drug targets. In this study, we applied a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to the proteome of 20 surgically resected PDAC specimens (PXD015744) and confirmed its clinical value in 82 independent primary cases.

Results

Using WGCNA, we obtained twelve co-expressed clusters with a distinct biology. Notably, we found that one module enriched for metabolic processes and epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) was significantly associated with overall survival (p = 0.01) and disease-free survival (p = 0.03). The prognostic value of three proteins (SPTBN1, KHSRP and PYGL) belonging to this module was confirmed using immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 82 independent resected patients. Risk score evaluation of the prognostic signature confirmed its association with overall survival in multivariate analyses. Finally, immunofluorescence analysis confirmed co-expression of SPTBN1 and KHSRP in Hs766t PDAC cells.

Conclusions

Our WGCNA analysis revealed a PDAC module enriched for metabolic and EMT-associated processes. In addition, we found that three of the proteins involved were associated with PDAC survival.
Brazil’s Missing Infants: Zika Risk Changes Reproductive Behavior
Authors: Rangel Marcos A. , Nobles Jenna , Hamoudi Amar
Published: September 2020

Zika virus epidemics have potential large-scale population effects. Controlled studies of mice and nonhuman primates indicate that Zika affects fecundity, raising concerns about miscarriage in human populations. In regions of Brazil, Zika risk peaked months before residents learned about the epidemic and its relation to congenital anomalies. This spatiotemporal variation supports analysis of both biological effects of Zika infection on fertility and the effects of learning about Zika risk on reproductive behavior. Causal inference techniques used with vital statistics indicate that the epidemic caused reductions in birth cohort size of approximately one-quarter 18 months after Zika infection risk peaked but 10 months after public health messages advocated childbearing delay. The evidence is consistent with small but not statistically detectable biological reductions in fecundity, as well as large strategic changes in reproductive behavior to temporally align childbearing with reduced risk to infant health. The behavioral effects are larger for more-educated and older women, which may reflect facilitated access to information and to family planning services within high-risk, mosquito-infested urban locations as well as perceptions about the opportunity costs of risks to pregnancy and infant survival.
Aspergillus fumigatus cholangitis in a patient with cholangiocarcinoma: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Rothe Kathrin , Rasch Sebastian , Wantia Nina , Poszler Alexander , Ulrich Joerg , Schlag Christoph , Huber Wolfgang , Schmid Roland M. , Busch Dirk H. , Lahmer Tobias
Published: August 2020

Aspergillus spp. cholangitis is an uncommon presentation of invasive aspergillosis. Only few cases are described in the literature affecting severely immunocompromised patients or patients following biliary surgery. Especially, invasive aspergillosis in non-haematological patients is associated with high mortality rates, caused by atypical presentations, which is associated with a delay in diagnosis and therapy. We report a 72-year-old man with primary diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma and stent implantation by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for biliary decompression who developed severe cholangitis with invasive aspergillosis. The patient had no history of prior hospitalisation, no immunosuppressive therapy and no preceding biliary surgery. Furthermore, in this exceptional case of extrapulmonary aspergillosis, there were no signs of pulmonary involvement. From the literature review, only three cases of Aspergillus cholangitis could be identified. Clinical manifestations of invasive aspergillosis can be variable and classical risk factors such as immunosuppression are not mandatorily present. Clinical awareness of these rare cases is of vital importance for initiation of correct therapy.
The interaction between sleep disturbances and anxiety sensitivity in relation to adolescent anger responses to parent adolescent conflict☆
Authors: Bilsky Sarah A. , Friedman Hannah P. , Karlovich Ashley , Smith Madeleine , Leen‐Feldner Ellen W.
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Sleep disturbances are common among adolescents and are associated with elevated anxiety, and difficulties managing affect. Familial conflict is associated with both anxiety sensitivity and adolescent sleep disturbances. No work to date has examined how adolescent sleep disturbances may interact with anxiety sensitivity in relation to adolescent affective responding to parent‐adolescent conflict. The current study was designed to address this gap in the literature by examining how adolescent sleep disturbances, anxiety sensitivity, conflict elicited anger, and conflict avoidance are associated.

Method

Seventy‐two American adolescents (n = 39 males) between the ages of 12 and 16 years (Mage = 13.84, SD = 1.38) completed a baseline assessment as well as a well‐validated mother‐adolescent laboratory‐based conflict task.

Results

For youth low in anxiety sensitivity, greater sleep disturbance related positively to conflict‐elicited anger, which in turn predicted higher conflict avoidance. In contrast, this indirect effect was not significant for adolescents relatively higher in anxiety sensitivity. Instead, for these adolescents, increased sleep disturbances were associated with lower levels of conflict elicited anger.

Conclusions

Results suggest that the effects of sleep disturbances on conflict elicited anger may vary as a function of adolescent anxiety vulnerability. These findings highlight the importance of considering the unique effects of sleep disturbances on adolescent affect as a function of adolescent anxiety vulnerability.
Preventive strategies of residual neuromuscular blockade in resource-limited settings: Systematic review and guideline
Authors: Firde Meseret , Yetneberk Tikuneh , Adem Seid , Fitiwi Girmay , Belayneh Tadesse
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:

Following surgery, neuromuscular paralysis is no longer needed, its action could be quickly and effectively terminated. However, evidences shown that NMBAs often continues in the PACU, even after the administration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Hence, stratifying risks of patients and developing evidence-based guidelines are required by rationalizing residual neuromuscular block preventive strategies in resource limiting setup.

Methods:

Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses protocol was used to conduct this review. PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library data bases were used to find evidences that helps to draw recommendations and conclusions.

Discussion:

The incidence of residual neuromuscular block is high in aged, female, and hypothermic patients. Full recovery of neuromuscular block may require 15–30 min after administration of anticholinesterase.

Conclusions:

Undetected neuromuscular block following the administration of NMBAs is still a common problem in today's anesthesia care. A residual neuromuscular block is a preventable anesthetic complication by application of simple measures like the timing of reversal, appropriate assessment of patient and surgery specific usage of NMBAs.

Highlights:
Meeting Sexual Partners Online and Associations with Sexual Risk Behaviors in the Swedish Population
Authors: Deogan Charlotte , Jacobsson Elin , Mannheimer Louise , Björkenstam Charlotte
Published: August 2020

Background

Online arenas may facilitate sexual encounters. However, to what extent finding sexual partners online is associated with sexual risk behavior and sexual health outcomes is still not fully explored.

Methods

A stratified randomized population based study on sexual and reproductive health and rights of 50,000 Swedes was conducted in 2017. The final sample consisted of 14,537 women and men aged 16–84 years. We identified sexual health factors associated with finding sexual partners online and estimated prevalences thereof.

Results

Having used the internet to meet sexual partners was reported by 11% (95% confidence interval: 10.1–12.3) of men and 7% (95% confidence interval: 6.0–7.4) of women and was most common among men aged 30–44 years (13.7%). After adjustment, those reporting a non-heterosexual identity were most likely to meet sexual partners online. Meeting sexual partners online was also associated with reporting several sexual risk behaviors: condomless sex with temporary partner during the past 12 months, adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 5.1 (3.8–6.8) for women and AOR: 6.0 (4.5–7.9) for men, and having had a test for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) generated a 4-fold AOR for both sexes, STI diagnosis showed a 2-fold AOR, ever having paid or given other compensation for sex AOR: 4.8 (2.7–8.8) for women and AOR: 4.2 (2.9–6.1) for men as well as ever having received money or other compensation for sex AOR: 4.0 (1.3–11.9) for women and AOR: 6.0 (2.4–15.1) for men.

Clinical translation

Meeting sexual partners online was associated with sexual risk behaviors, which is of importance in tailoring sexual health interventions and STI/HIV-control activities.

Strengths and limitations

Few studies of online sexual behaviors are based on population-based surveys of the general population with results stratified by sexual identity. However, the use of lifetime prevalence of ever having used the internet, smartphone, or app to meet sexual partners has limitations.

Conclusion

Meeting sexual partners online was associated with sexual risk behaviors in a randomized sample of the Swedish population, which is of importance to tailoring sexual health interventions.
With or Without EU? The Common Travel Area After Brexit
Authors: de Mars Sylvia , Murray C. R. G.
Published: September 2020

The Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) concluded between the UK and Ireland in May 2019 provides one of the few clear legacies of Theresa May’s premiership. The Common Travel Area (CTA) between Ireland, the UK, the Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man provides the basis for domestic immigration and nationality laws which permit Irish citizens to reside in the UK and for them to be treated as “not foreign” in the context of UK domestic laws concerning access to healthcare, employment, social security, political participation, and education. Yet it has long lacked legal definition. The UK and Ireland reciprocate, to a rough extent, these rights for each other’s citizens. The MoU and related developments mark the first steps towards clarifying the CTA’s scope. The rush to conclude this MoU and alter parts of both countries’ domestic law relating to the CTA nonetheless illustrate the fragile state of Ireland–UK relations with Brexit looming. This Article explores whether these reforms will enable people who rely upon the CTA as a foundation of life outside their home country to protect their interests through litigation, and reflects upon the relationship between these arrangements and the protections for EU citizens proposed under the UK–EU Withdrawal Agreement.
Der Unguis incarnatus
Authors: Pavotbawan Kirusigan , Müller Thomas S.
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung. Der eingewachsene Grosszehennagel ist eine der häufigsten Fusserkrankungen in der hausärztlichen Praxis. Ein falsch oder nicht behandelter Unguis incarnatus führt oft zu einem unnötig langen Leidensweg mit negativen Auswirkungen auf den Alltag der Patienten. Bis heute gibt es keinen Goldstandard in der Behandlung und ein chirurgisches Verfahren ist meist die allerletzte Option. Ein Grund mag die grosse Auswahl an konservativen und chirurgischen Behandlungsmöglichkeiten sein, ein anderer, die hohe Rezidivrate (bis > 30 %) nach chirurgischen Verfahren. Wir sind der Meinung, dass diese hohe Rezidivrate womöglich Ausdruck fehlerhaft durchgeführter Eingriffe ist. In diesem Artikel werden wir schrittweise die minimal-invasive partielle Nagelavulsion mit partieller Matrixektomie darstellen, welche wir seit Jahren in unserer Klinik durchführen. Unsere Erfahrung zeigt, dass diese Methode sehr gute funktionelle, kosmetische und rezidivfreie Langzeitresultate aufweist.
Field Measurement of Spatiotemporal Algae Distribution Using In Situ Optical Particle Size Sensor
Authors: Kwak Sunghyun , Lyu Siwan , Kim Young Do , Kim Dongsu
Published: August 2020

Many environmental problems have arisen due to algae since the large‐scale river projects were implemented in Korea. Therefore, it is imperative to monitor algal distribution status in order to find a solution to these problems. Sporadic sampling and population estimation by microscopy are traditional algae monitoring methods. However, these techniques yield spatiotemporally limited information. In order to overcome these weaknesses, the present study aimed to investigate the applicability of a new monitoring technique using an in situ optical particle sizer (LISST‐100X) for algal size and distribution estimation. The survey site was the mountain range where the Nakdong River and Nam River converge. The number of algal populations and dominant species were identified, and suspended particle concentrations and distribution were surveyed based on hydraulic characteristics, water quality, and water sampling. Field monitoring data were also collected using a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in order to assess the applicability of the algal distribution estimation method using an in situ optical particle sizer for natural streams. At the time of the algae outbreak, relatively large‐sized suspended particles are distributed throughout the surface layer, which is distinguished from the similar distribution in the general water bodies. Because of these characteristics, it was possible to investigate vertical and spatial algae distribution. Additionally, the mixing pattern was analyzed according to pulsed flow in order to estimate the applicability of monitoring algal bloom removal according to discharge.
This Week: Hurricanes, Space Weather, and Marvelous Microbes
Authors:   AGU
Published: August 2020

What Earth and space science stories are we recommending this week?
Slab Dehydration and Mantle Upwelling in the Vicinity of the Sumatra Subduction Zone: Evidence from Receiver Function Imaging of Mantle Transition Zone Discontinuities
Authors: Kong Fansheng , Gao Stephen S. , Liu Kelly H. , Ding Weiwei , Li Jiabiao
Published: August 2020

A total of 10,586 P‐to‐S radial receiver functions recorded by 64 broadband seismic stations were utilized to image the 410 and 660 km discontinuities (d410 and d660, respectively) bordering the mantle transition zone (MTZ) beneath the Sumatra Island, the Malay Peninsula, and the western margin of the South China Sea. The d410 and d660 were imaged by stacking receiver functions in successive circular bins with a radius of 1°, after moveout corrections based on the 1‐D IASP91 Earth model. The resulting apparent depths of the discontinuities exhibit significant and spatially systematic variations. The apparent depths of the d410 and d660 range from 382 to 459 km and 637 to 700 km with an average of 406 ± 13 and 670 ± 12 km, respectively, while the corresponding values for the MTZ thickness are 217 to 295 km and 261 ± 13 km. Underneath southern Sumatra and adjacent regions, the MTZ is characterized by an uplifted d410 and a depressed d660. While the former is probably caused by the low temperature anomaly, the latter is most likely related to a combination of the low temperature anomaly and dehydration associated with the subducted Australian Plate that has reached at least the d660. In contrast, an abnormally thin MTZ is imaged to the southwest of the Toba Caldera. This observation, when combined with results from previous seismic tomography studies, can be explained by advective thermal upwelling through a slab window.
Toward Source Region Tomography With Intersource Interferometry: Shear Wave Velocity From 2018 West Bohemia Swarm Earthquakes
Authors: Eulenfeld Tom
Published: August 2020

The concept of seismic interferometry embraces the construction of waves traveling between receivers or sources with cross‐correlation techniques. In the present study cross correlations of coda waves are used to measure traveltimes of shear waves between earthquake locations for five event clusters of the 2018 West Bohemia earthquake swarm. With the help of a high‐quality earthquake catalog, I was able to determine the shear wave velocity in the region of the five clusters separately. The shear wave velocities range between 3.5 and 4.2 km/s. The resolution of this novel method is given by the extent of the clusters and better than for a comparable classical tomography. It is suggested to use the method in a tomographic inversion and map the shear wave velocity in the source region with unprecedented resolution. Furthermore, the influence of focal mechanisms and the attenuation properties on the polarity and location of the maxima in the cross‐correlation functions is discussed. The intracluster ratio of P wave to S wave velocity is approximately fixed at 1.68.
Small Impact Crater Populations on Saturn's Moon Tethys and Implications for Source Impactors in the System
Authors: Ferguson S. N. , Rhoden A. R. , Kirchoff M. R.
Published: August 2020

Current estimates place the ages of the inner Saturnian satellites (Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione, and Rhea) between 4.5 Gyr and 100 Myr. These estimates are based on impact crater measurements and dynamical simulations, both of which have uncertainties. Models of satellite evolution are inherently simplified and rely on uncertain or unknown parameters, which are often difficult to verify, whereas the interpretations of crater densities depend on the source populations of impactors, which are not well‐constrained in the outer solar system. We investigate the cratering history of Tethys, mapping the population of small impact craters, to determine the roles that planetocentric, heliocentric, or other impact debris play in its cratering record. To map the surface of Tethys, we chose five regions that were located in geographically distinct areas and had high‐resolution (~150 m/pix) image coverage by the Cassini ISS camera. We studied all craters that had at least 7 pixels across but mapped down to 5 pixels for completeness in the crater counts. We observe an abundance of small craters (D < 3 km) in the oldest region; this does not appear to be due to secondary cratering effects from the Odysseus impact basin. Fitting the production functions from Zahnle et al. (2003, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0019‐1035(03)00048‐4), we find that neither their Case A nor Case B scenarios align with the observed cratering record at Tethys. We conclude that in addition to the standard outer solar system impactor populations, there is a Saturn‐centric impactor source that is cratering Tethys.
Managed Versus Natural Recharge of Pre‐Alpine Phreatic Aquifers
Authors: Teatini Pietro , Martelli Grazia , Comerlati Andrea , Paiero Giovanni , Zoccarato Claudia
Published: August 2020

Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is becoming a common practice worldwide. MAR is carried out in different environments from coastlands to highlands, in megalopolis, farmlands and pristine areas, and in arid and humid regions. Pre‐Alpine aquifers represent an optimal target when MAR is aimed at storing large amounts of high‐quality waters. In fact, pre‐Alpine aquifers are generally characterized by high permeability and a thick unsaturated zone, with the catchments crossed by watercourses rich of high‐quality water. Here, we focus the attention to a representative pre‐Alpine aquifer system located in the Friuli region, northeastern Italy. A 1‐year long MAR test was carried out through a ~700 m2 infiltration basin recharged by water diverted from a nearby channel. The site was characterized from the hydrogeological viewpoint, and the MAR test was monitored through time‐lapse hydrogeophysics, water level and piezometric records, and physicochemical water characterization. The data set was used to calibrate a local groundwater flow model, showing that MAR recharged the 50 m deep phreatic aquifer with 1,000 m3/day. Hydrogeologic data made available by previous studies were processed to develop a groundwater model of the regional aquifer that allowed for estimating the natural groundwater recharge of the phreatic system and, subsequently, evaluating the MAR effects in the context of the natural balance. If a single MAR site, like the tested one, plays a certain effect at a local scale only, the MAR implementation on several gravel pits and large‐diameter wells scattered in the region could store several million cubic meters of water per year, significantly raising the water table and improving the groundwater quality.
The Smart Life Stay (SLS) program: effects of a lifestyle intervention program in combination with health tourism and health guidance for type 2 diabetes
Authors: Matsushita Madoka , Muramoto Akiko , Nomura Eri , Eguchi Yukari , Kato Ayako , Sano Yoshiko , Kabayama Mai , Arakawa Masashi , Oguma Yuko , Yabe Daisuke , Matsunaga Masaaki , Yatsuya Hiroshi , Arima Hiroshi , Tsushita Kazuyo
Published: August 2020

Background

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Smart Life Stay (SLS) program, which is an experience-oriented stayover program, in combination with health tourism and mandatory health guidance on glucose metabolism after 2 years.

Methods

The participants of the SLS program (n = 792) were recruited from a database of 23 medical insurers. They underwent a mandatory health examination termed Specific Health Checkups in 2014. The participants were included if they had diabetes or were at a high risk of diabetes and if they satisfied the following inclusion criteria: (1) body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) > 25, or (2) waist circumference (WC; cm) > 85 for men and > 90 for women, or (3) hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c; %) > 5.6, or (4) fasting plasma glucose (FPG; mg/dl) > 100. Individuals who corresponded to one or more items were included as study participants. The control subjects (n = 3645) were nonparticipants of the program who were selected from the database and met the inclusion criteria. The lifestyle changes and changes in mean BMI, WC, FPG, and HbA1c in both groups from baseline to 2-year follow-up were compared by inverse probability weighting of a propensity score.

Results

The percentage of people who exercised regularly increased significantly in the SLS group compared with the control group. In the SLS group, BW, BMI, and WC significantly decreased by 1.75 kg, 0.60 kg/m2, and 1.45 cm, respectively, whereas in the control group, WC, FPG, and HbA1c increased significantly by 0.38 cm, 3.37 mg/dl, and 0.12%, respectively. The comparison between groups revealed that the BW, BMI, WC, FPG, and HbA1c improved significantly in the SLS group.

Conclusions

The SLS program is suggested to help improve glucose metabolism. This program could be a feasible option as a lifestyle intervention program for diabetes.
Squalene synthase promotes the invasion of lung cancer cells via the osteopontin/ERK pathway
Authors: Yang Yi-Fang , Chang Yu-Chan , Jan Yi-Hua , Yang Chih-Jen , Huang Ming-Shyan , Hsiao Michael
Published: August 2020

Cholesterol is the major component of lipid rafts. Squalene synthase (SQS) is a cholesterol biosynthase that functions in cholesterol biosynthesis, modulates the formation of lipids rafts and promotes lung cancer metastasis. In this study, we investigated the lipid raft-associated pathway of SQS in lung cancer. Gene expression microarray data revealed the upregulation of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1; also known as osteopontin, OPN) in CL1-0/SQS-overexpressing cells. Knockdown of OPN in SQS-overexpressing cells inhibits their migration and invasion, whereas an OPN treatment rescues the migration and invasion of SQS knockdown cells. High OPN expression is associated with lymph node status, advanced stage and poor prognosis in patients with lung cancer. Moreover, patients with high SQS expression and high OPN expression show poor survival compared with patients with low SQS expression and low OPN expression. SQS induces the phosphorylation of Src and ERK1/2 via OPN, resulting in increased expression of MMP1 and subsequent metastasis of lung cancer cells. Based on our findings, SQS expression increases the expression of OPN and phosphorylation of Src through cholesterol synthesis to modulate the formation of lipid rafts. SQS may represent a therapeutic strategy for lung cancer.
Hollandite-type β-FeOOH(Cl) as a new cathode material for chloride ion batteries
Authors: Zhao Guoqing , Wan Gengping , Tang Yulin , Xu Xuefei , Zhou Xuechun , Zhou Maofan , Deng Zhen , Lin Shiwei , Wang Guizhen
Published: August 2020

β-FeOOH is utilized as a new cathode material for rechargeable chloride ion batteries for the first time.
PtCo-excavated rhombic dodecahedral nanocrystals for efficient electrocatalysis
Authors: Shen Cong , Li Xuemin , Wei Yajing , Cao Zhenming , Li Huiqi , Jiang Yaqi , Xie Zhaoxiong
Published: August 2020

We successfully synthesized excavated rhombic dodecahedral PtCo NCs using a wet chemical method. This structure and the alloy nature render the PtCo ERD NCs a large electrochemically active surface area and an excellent catalyst for OER and the methanol oxidation reaction.
Precise molecular design for BN-modified polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons toward mechanochromic materials
Authors: Huang Huanan , Zhou Ying , Wang Yawei , Cao Xiaohua , Han Chuan , Liu Guochang , Xu Zhixiong , Zhan Changchao , Hu Huanan , Peng You , Yan Ping , Cao Dapeng
Published: August 2020

This paper reports on a novel molecular-level design strategy to achieve a novel MCL material base on boron and nitrogen aromatics. The introduction of boron nitrogen unit is the key to design the MCL smart materials.
Metal oxide alternatives for efficient electron transport in perovskite solar cells: beyond TiO2 and SnO2
Authors: Cao Zhiyuan , Li Chengbo , Deng Xiaoyu , Wang Shurong , Yuan Yuan , Chen Yuanming , Wang Zhi , Liu Yaqing , Ding Liming , Hao Feng
Published: August 2020

Recent advances of metal oxides beyond TiO2 and SnO2 for electron transport in perovskite solar cells are reviewed from the aspects of nanostructuring, element doping, surface modification, multi-layer design and large-scale fabrication.
Charge transport and mobility relaxation in organic bulk heterojunction morphologies derived from electron tomography measurements
Authors: Heiber Michael C. , Herzing Andrew A. , Richter Lee J. , DeLongchamp Dean M.
Published: August 2020

The tortuosity of a bulk heterojunction domain network causes electric-field-induced dispersion that can significantly prolong the mobility relaxation dynamics relative to a homogenous neat material.
In situ assembly of a wearable capacitive sensor with a spine-shaped dielectric for shear-pressure monitoring
Authors: Ji Bing , Zhou Qian , Chen Ge , Dai Ziyi , Li Shunbo , Xu Yi , Gao Yibo , Wen Weijia , Zhou Bingpu
Published: August 2020

The in situ assembly of a dual-mode capacitive flexible sensor with a spine-shaped dielectric was developed for pressure and shear force perception.
Coumarin 7 functionalized europium-based metal–organic-framework luminescent composites for dual-mode optical thermometry
Authors: Liu Jiaqiang , Yue Xizhuang , Wang Zhuopeng , Zhang Xia , Xu Yan
Published: August 2020

A Coumarin 7 functionalized Eu-MOF composite was developed as a dual-mode optical thermometer for temperature sensing applications.
Contribution of polar plumes to fast solar wind
Authors: Zangrilli L. , Giordano S. M.
Published: September 2020

Context. Several physical properties of solar polar plumes have been identified by different published studies, however such studies are rare and sometimes in disagreement.

Aims. The purpose of the present work is to analyze a set of SOHO/UVCS data dedicated to the observation of plumes and to obtain a picture of the physical properties of plumes in the intermediate solar corona through a self-consistent analysis.

Methods. We applied the Doppler Dimming technique to data acquired by SOHO/UVCS in April 1996, which was during the very early phases of the mission. From this we derived outflow speeds and electron densities. We used SOHO/LASCO images as context data in order to better identify plume and interplume regions in the UVCS field of view.

Results. The results we obtain demonstrate that in three cases out of four plumes expand with outflow speeds comparable to those of interplumes, and in a single case with lower speeds. We estimate that the contribution of plumes to the wind coming from the solar poles is about 20%, and that different plumes provide a different contribution, possibly according to different stages of their evolution.

Conclusions. We conclude that plumes are not static structures, and that they contribute significantly to the wind coming from the solar poles.
Accuracy of view factor calculations for digital terrain models of comets and asteroids
Authors: Rezac L. , Zhao Y.
Published: August 2020

Context. Detailed shape and topographic models coupled with sophisticated thermal physics are critical elements to proper characterization of surfaces of small bodies in our solar system. Calculations of self-heating effects are especially important in the context of thermal evolution of non-convex surfaces, including craters, cracks, or openings between “rocks”.

Aims. Our aim is to provide quantitative comparisons of multiple numerical methods for computing view factors for concave geometries and provide a more rigorous criteria for the validity of their application.

Methods. We contrasted five methods of estimating the view factors. First, we studied specific geometries, including shared-edge facets for a reduced two-facet problem. Then, we applied these methods to the shape model of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Nevertheless, the presented results are general and could be extended to shape models of other bodies as well.

Results. The close loop transformation of the double area integration method for evaluating view factors of nearby or shared-edge facets is the most accurate, although computationally expensive. Two methods of facet subdivision we evaluate in this work provide reasonably accurate results for modest facet subdivision numbers, however, may result in a degraded performance for specific facet geometries. Increasing the number of subdivisions improves their accuracy, but also increases their computational burden. In practical applications, a trade-off between accuracy and computational speed has to be found, therefore, we propose a combined method based on a simple metric that incorporates a conditional application of various methods and an adaptive number of subdivisions. In our study case of a pit on 67P/CG, this method can reach average accuracy of 2–3% while being about an order of magnitude faster than the (most accurate) line integral method.
Four microlensing planets with faint-source stars identified in the 2016 and 2017 season data
Authors: Han Cheongho , Udalski Andrzej , Kim Doeon , Jung Youn Kil , Ryu Yoon-Hyun ,   The KMTNet Collaboration, Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Gould Andrew , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Lee Chung-Uk , Shin In-Gu , Shvartzvald Yossi , Yee Jennifer C. , Zang Weicheng , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Hyoun-Woo , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. , Kim Chun-Hwey , Kim Woong-Tae ,   The OGLE Collaboration, Mróz Przemek , Szymański Michał K. , Skowron Jan , Poleski Radek , Soszyński Igor , Pietrukowicz Paweł , Kozłowski Szymon , Ulaczyk Krzysztof , Rybicki Krzysztof A. , Iwanek Patryk , Wrona Marcin
Published: August 2020

Aims. Microlensing planets occurring on faint-source stars can escape detection due to their weak signals. Occasionally, detections of such planets are not reported due to the difficulty of extracting high-profile scientific issues on the detected planets.

Methods. For the solid demographic census of microlensing planetary systems based on a complete sample, we investigate the microlensing data obtained in the 2016 and 2017 seasons to search for planetary signals in faint-source lensing events. From this investigation, we find four unpublished microlensing planets: KMT-2016-BLG-2364Lb, KMT-2016-BLG-2397Lb, OGLE-2017-BLG-0604Lb, and OGLE-2017-BLG-1375Lb.

Results. We analyze the observed lensing light curves and determine their lensing parameters. From Bayesian analyses conducted with the constraints from the measured parameters, it is found that the masses of the hosts and planets are in the ranges 0.50 ≲ Mhost∕M⊙≲ 0.85 and 0.5 ≲ Mp∕MJ ≲ 13.2, respectively, indicating that all planets are giant planets around host stars with subsolar masses. The lenses are located in the distance range of 3.8 ≲ DL∕kpc ≲ 6.4. It is found that the lenses of OGLE-2017-BLG-0604 and OGLE-2017-BLG-1375 are likely to be in the Galactic disk.
Optimization Study of New Type High-Capacity Synchronous Condenser based on Coupling of Electromagnetic and Temperature Field
Authors: Zhang Xi , Wang Weiqing , He Shan , Cheng Jing , Yuan Zhi
Published: September 2020

In order to optimize electromagnetic structure of new type high-capacity synchronous condenser, increase reactive capacity, and improve the speed of dynamic response, the theoretical derivation of the effects on the main performance parameters of the synchronous condenser is carried out, also the influence of the structure size of the synchronous condenser on the transient characteristics is clarified. Changing the air gap length and improving the size of stator structure are proposed to optimize the performance of synchronous condenser. The electromagnetic calculation of the optimized synchronous condenser is carried out by using finite element analysis method, the mathematical relationship between length of air gap and reactive capacity is clarified and the relationship between size of stator slot and fast response characteristics is explicited too. The temperature field of the synchronous condenser under multiple working conditions is simulated. The simulation results show that the temperature distribution of the optimized synchronous condenser is reasonable, and it possess good effect of cooling. Also the overload capacity of the synchronous condenser is verified with the temperature field.
Application of Computer 3D Digital Technology in Surgical Treatment of Pediatric Skull Deformity
Authors: Xiang Li , Zheng Lu , Zhicen Li , Wanchun Zhu , Jintao He , Yaxiong Yu , Jian Gong
Published: September 2020

Pediatric skull deformity requires immediate surgery as indicated by increased cranial pressure, mental retardation, impaired or absent vision, cranial deformity, and mental and spiritual defects. This study explores the application value of computer aided simulation in treatment of pediatric skull deformity. The application of computer simulation surgery in the treatment of children with pediatric skull deformity allows surgeons to be familiar with the operation process in advance. The use of computer 3D digital technology for preoperative design planning and simulation can reduce surgical difficulty to a certain extent, improve surgical efficiency, significantly increase intraoperative accuracy, and also reduce the risk of intraoperative bleeding and postoperative complications.
Study on refine and morphology change of AlFeSi phase in A380 alloy by K addition
Authors: Wang Meng
Published: September 2020

Aluminum-Silicon (Al-Si) alloys are one of the most widely used aluminum alloys. But iron can severely deteriorate the mechanical property of Al-Si diecasting alloy because its presence leads to the precipitation of different AlFeSi intermetallic phases which damage the ductility of alloys. Thus controlling the fraction and morphology of AlFeSi phase, especially the β-AlFeSi phase is important way to refine the ductility of Al-Si die casting alloys. In this article, K element was added into A380 alloys to study the effect of K on the morphology change of AlFeSi phase. The results show that a certain level of K addition 0.05-0.1 wt% will refine β-AlFeSi and transform β-AlFeSi phase to α-AlFeSi. In addition, K addition can better refine AlFeSi at high ccoling rates. The mechanism of refinement of K on AlFeSi phase is analyzed.
„Sämmtlich sind sie aber beissend und blähend…“
Authors: Niedenthal Tobias
Published: September 2020

Gemüsepflanzen, die reich an schwefelhaltigen Verbindungen sind, werden schon seit Jahrtausenden auch medizinisch genutzt. Einige davon sind heute noch anerkannte Arzneipflanzen. Die flüchtigen Öle aus verschiedenen Laucharten sowie Kreuzblütlern und Kapuzinerkressen besitzen ein noch weitgehend unerschlossenes antimikrobielles und antivirales Potenzial.