bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-Lasting, Fine-Tuned Anti-tumor Activity of Recombinant Listeria monocytogenes Vaccine Is Controlled by Pyroptosis and Necroptosis Regulatory and Effector Molecules
Authors: Olagunju Abolaji Samson , Sardinha Andrew V. D. , Amarante-Mendes Gustavo P.
Published: August 2024

One of the main objectives of developing new anti-cancer vaccine strategies is to effectively induce CD8+ T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity. Live recombinant vectors, notably Listeria mono-cytogenes, have been shown to elicit a robust in vivo CD8+ T cell response in preclinical settings. Significantly, it has been demonstrated that Listeria induces inflammatory/immunogenic cell death mechanisms such as pyroptosis and necroptosis in immune cells that favorably control immunological responses. Therefore, we postulated that the host's response to Listeria-based vec-tors and the subsequent induction of CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity would be compromised by the lack of regulatory or effector molecules involved in pyroptosis or necroptosis. To test our hy-pothesis, we used recombinant L. monocytogenes carrying the ovalbumin gene (LM.OVA) to vac-cinate wild-type (WT), caspase-1/11-/-, gsdmd-/-, ripk3-/-, and mlkl-/- C57Bl/6 mice. We performed an in vivo cytotoxicity assay to assess the efficacy of OVA-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes in eliminat-ing target cells in wild-type and genetically deficient backgrounds. Furthermore, we evaluated the specific anti-tumor immune response in mice inoculated with B16F0 and B16F0.OVA mela-noma cell lines. Our findings demonstrated that while caspase-1/11 and GSDMD deficiencies in-terfere with the rapid control LM.OVA infection, of the KO seems to contribute to the early acti-vation of OVA-specific CTL responses. In contrast, individual deficiency of each one of these pro-teins negatively impact the generation of long-lasting effector CD8+ T cells.
Research on Image Generation Optimization based Deep Learning
Authors: Yan Hao , Wang Zixiang , Bo Shi , Zhao Yi , Zhang Yang , Lyu Ranran
Published: August 2024

Image generation optimization is an important research direction in the field of deep learning, which aims to improve the performance of image generation models and the quality of generated images. In recent years, researchers have made significant progress in image generation optimization with the development of deep generative models such as generative adversarial networks (GANs) and variational autoencoders (VAEs). These models are able to generate high-quality, realistic images by learning the distribution of image data. In this study, a deep learning-based image generation optimization model was adopted, which combined the advantages of GAN and VAE. The model architecture consists of a generator and a discriminator, where the generator is responsible for generating the image and the discriminator is used to judge the authenticity of the image. In addition, the model also introduces attention mechanism and self-supervised learning strategy to further improve the quality and diversity of generated images. In the training process, a large-scale image dataset is used, and a variety of optimization algorithms are used to improve the stability and efficiency of the model. By evaluating various indicators of the generative model, including image quality, generation speed and model convergence, it was found that the introduced attention mechanism and self-supervised learning strategy significantly improved the performance of the model.
Orofacial Migraine
Authors: Benoliel Rafael , May Arne
Published: August 2024

The diagnosis of migraine is based on clear criteria outlined in the International Classification of Headache Disorders version 3 (ICHD-3). Notably, the criteria in ICHD-3 omit the location of migraine. There are increasing reports of migraine in the facial region.(1-3) Facial presentations of migraine are not easy to diagnose as they appear in the lower 2/3rd of the face, often in the maxillary sinus region, around the ear, the upper/lower jaws and teeth.(4) Moreover, the symptomatology of these facial representations of these headaches often resembles sinusitis and dental pathology.
We will review these presentations, their diagnosis and possible pathophysiology.
Rapid Monitoring of Scale Precipitation and Inhibition in Geothermal Fluid Using Optical Fiber Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance
Authors: Hosoki Ai , Sugiura Kifuyu , Okazaki Takuya , Yang Heejun , Kuramitz Hideki , Ueda Akira , Terai Amane
Published: August 2024

An optical fiber scale sensor based on the detection principle of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was developed for the rapid, high-sensitivity real-time evaluation of scale precipitation from geothermal fluids. The optical fiber SPR scale sensor was fabricated by depositing a gold thin film on the surface of an optical fiber with an exposed core. The optimal gold film thickness of the sensor was determined to be 30 nm, which achieved a refractive index sensitivity of 2140 nm per refractive index unit. A field test was conducted using geothermal brine from the Obama Binary Geothermal Power Plant in Unzen, Nagasaki Prefecture. A conventional optical fiber scale sensor and the SPR sensor were simultaneously assessed using raw and pH-adjusted brines. For the SPR sensor, a peak shift of 0.27 nm/min was observed at a response time of 1 min, whereas no change in transmittance was observed for the conventional sensor until 180 min. After the experiments, scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis was conducted on the sensors, and findings showed that the deposition of Mg–SiO2 scale did not significantly differ between the two sensors. The developed SPR sensor achieved faster scale precipitation detection (tens of minutes to hours) than the conventional sensor.
Classification Scheme for the Three-Points Dubins Problem
Authors: De Palma Daniela , Parlangeli Gianfranco
Published: August 2024

This paper proposes an optimal path type classification scheme for the three-point Dubins problem. It allows to directly extract the shortest path type from a Dubins set, evaluating only the relative initial and final configurations with the via point position using a suitable partition of the Cartesian plane. Two alternative approaches are proposed to address the problem: an analytical approach and a heuristic one. The latter was revealed to be much faster from a computational point of view. The proposed classification logic makes the path planning for the three-point Dubins problem much more effective and suitable for real-time applications. Numerical examples are provided to show the efficiency of the proposed strategy.
Spectral-Based Fault Diagnosis Methodology for Industrial Shot Blast Machinery Leveraging XGBoost and Feature Importance
Authors: Lee Joon-Hyuk , Okwuosa Chibuzo Nwabufo , Shin Beak Cheon , Hur And Jang-Wook
Published: August 2024

The optimal functionality and dependability of mechanical systems are important for the sustained productivity and operational reliability of industrial machinery which has direct impact on it’s longevity and profitability. Therefore, failure of a mechanical system or any of it component would be detrimental to production continuity and availability. Consequently,this study proposes a robust diagnostic framework for analyzing the blade conditions of shot blast industrial machinery. The framework involves analyzing the spectral characteristics of the vibration signals generated by Industrial Shot Blast. Additionally, a peak detection algorithms is introduced to identify and extract the unique features present in the peak magnitudes of each signal spectrum. A feature importance algorithm is then deployed as the feature selection tool, and these selected features are fed into 10 machine learning classifier, with Extreme gradient boosting (XGB) as the core classifier. Results show that the XGB classifier achieved the best accuracy of 98.05%, with a cost-efficient computational cost of 0.83 seconds. Other global assessment metrics were also implemented in the study to further validate the model.
Research on Integrated Technology of Synthetic Biology Automated Casting Platform
Authors: Li Sidi , Ma Cui , Yang Fan , Chen Shu , He Kai
Published: August 2024

Synthetic biology uses engineering principles to redesign organisms and construct biological systems with specific functions, which is an important way to develop drugs, vaccines, biofuels, etc. In the process of transforming synthetic organisms, researchers need to conduct large-scale experiments for a long time, and many of these processes are manual and repetitive tasks, which results in the problems such as low throughput, low efficiency, and slow iteration. In addition, there are many experimental instruments and equipments required in the synthetic biology experiment process. The communication protocols between different instruments and equipments are not uniform, which seriously restricts the automation upgrade process of synthetic biology. To solve these problems, this paper put forward an integration technology based on the Object Linking and Embedding for Process Control Unified Architecture (OPC UA) to realize the interconnection of the synthetic biology automated casting platform and related instruments needed in synthetic biology process. The stability of the system is further designed and improved by using the concept of Triple Modular Redundancy. This helps the development of an efficient, stable and scalable automated casting platform for synthetic biology, which greatly improves the efficiency of synthetic biology experiments.
Ovarian Mesonephric-Like Adenocarcinoma: Its Prevalence and a Literature Review on Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Ogawa Ayako , Yoshida Hiroshi , Kawano Saria , Kikkawa Nao , Kato Mayumi Kobayashi , Tanase Yasuhito , Uno Masaya , Ishikawa Mitsuya
Published: August 2024

Background: Ovarian mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma (MLA) is a newly described histological type known for its aggressive behavior. This study aims to determine the frequency of ovarian MLA, review existing literature, and elucidate its clinicopathological characteristics, including potential therapeutic targets. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the pathological diagnoses of 516 primary ovarian cancer surgical cases at our institution from 2010 to 2023. MLAs exhibiting typical morphological and immunohistochemical features were included. The frequency and clinicopathological characteristics of these cases were summarized. Additionally, we conducted a literature search using PubMed to collect and summarize previously reported cases of ovarian MLA. Results: Among the 516 primary ovarian cancer cases, we identified 3 cases (0.6%) of MLA. The patients were 52-76 years old, and the initial FIGO stages were IC1 (2 cases) and IIIB (1 case). All cases exhibited HRP, pMMR, PD-L1 negativity (CPS<1), and HER2-low expression. Two cases experienced metastatic recurrence. A literature review identified 97 cases of MLA. MLA frequently exhibited KRAS mutations (90%, 38/42), with a recurrence rate of 39% (26/67). Conclusion: MLA accounted for 0.6% of malignant ovarian tumors at our institution, all of which were advanced or recurrent cases. These cases showed HRP, pMMR, and PD-L1 negativity, indicating a lack of current therapeutic targets. Literature also reports a high incidence of advanced and recurrent cases, highlighting the need for accurate diagnosis and the development of new treatments. The frequent KRAS mutations suggest a potential therapeutic target for recurrent or metastatic MLA.
Groundnut (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA L.) Seed Defect Classification Using Ensemble Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Gebremeskel Gebeyehu Belay , Gashaye Dinkie
Published: August 2024

Groundnut is an oil seed cash crop, that can be consumed directly by humans and animals. It is also used as an intelligence in the industrial production of butter and other products. However, Groundnut seeds can become infected with fungi, viruses, pests, physical damage, and high heat, which can negatively impact crop yield, quality, and economic value, and pose health hazards. To address these challenges, computer vision technology detects and classifies defects. This study introduced an ensemble deep learning defected classification model that combines VGG16 and InceptionV3 using seed images. To enhance model performance, collected images are preprocessed using novel techniques tailored to different image types. Preprocessing techniques are chosen based on image-quality evaluation metrics. Watershed segmentation is applied followed by detecting the region of interest in the image using YOLOv3. The image dataset is augmented and balanced using a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). The model development involves a combination of classical and deep-based features, comparing features extracted with (HOG and GLCM) to those extracted with InceptionV3 and VGG16. The ensemble model achieves an accuracy of 96.25% with a split ratio of 10% for testing, 10% for validation, and 80% for training set. This research benefits farmers looking to improve yield, consumers of groundnut products, and researchers studying seed defects. The work provides valid insights for future researchers regarding dataset creation, augmentation, methods, and feature selection for modeling. However, the model experienced misclassifications due to the similar appearance of sample images in different classes. Future researchers should address these challenges and consider factors such as oil content and defect grading.
Insights into the Replication Kinetics Profiles of Malaysian SARS-CoV-2 Variant Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron in Vero E6 cell line
Authors: Mohd Zawawi Zarina , Kalyanasundram Jeevanathan , Mohd Zain Rozainanee , Mat Ripen Adiratna , Basri Dayang Fredalina , Yap Wei Boon
Published: August 2024

Comprehending the replication kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 variants helps explain why certain var-iants spread more easily and are more contagious, and pose significant health menaces to the global populations. The replication kinetics of Malaysian isolates of the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants were studied in the Vero E6 cell line. Their replication kinetics were deter-mined using the plaque assay, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and viral growth curve. The Beta variant exhibited the highest replication rate at 24 hours post-infection (h.p.i), as evi-denced by the highest viral titers and lowest viral RNA multiplication threshold. The plaque phenotypes also varied among the variants, in which the Beta and Omicron variants formed the largest and smallest plaques, respectively. All studied variants showed strong cytopathic effects after 48 h.p.i. The whole-genome sequencing highlighted cell-culture adaptation, where the Beta, Delta and Omicron variants acquired mutations at the multibasic cleavage site after three cycles of passaging. The findings suggest a strong link between the replication rates and their respec-tive transmissibility and pathogenicity. This is essential in predicting the impacts of the upcom-ing variants on the local and global populations and is useful in designing preventive measures to curb the virus outbreaks.
Behavioral characteristics and related physiological and ecological indexes of cultured scallops (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) in response to predation by the crab Charybdis japonica
Authors: Li Xian , Li Danyang , Tian Ying , Hao Zhenlin , Chang Yaqing
Published: August 2024

To investigate the effects of predation of the paddle crab Charybdis japonica on the culture and survival of scallops (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) during bottom culture, we investigated the behavioral characteristics of three sizes (small, medium, and large) of scallops in response to exposure to crabs. We also measured the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, arginine kinase, and octopine dehydrogenase in the gill, adductor muscle, and mantle of scallops before and after exposure to predation. Tissues that showed significant differences between control and test specimens were selected for deep sequencing of the transcriptome to identify and validate the key genes that were sensitive to predation. We found when M. yessoensis is stimulated by the presence of predators, its behavioral characteristics and related physiological and ecological indexes undergo significant changes. The results are relevant for developing specifications for M. yessoensis seedling casting during bottom culture.
Automatic Automatic Controller Design: Using Artificial Intelligence Principles in Automatic Control
Authors: Gökçe Celal Onur
Published: August 2024

In this study a novel approach of designing automatic control systems with the help of AI tools is proposed. Given plant dynamics, expected references, and expected disturbances, design of optimal neural-network based controller is done automatically. Several common reference types are studied including step, square, sine, sawtooth and trapezoid functions. Expected reference-disturbance pairs are used to train the system for finding optimal neural-network controller parameters. A separate test set is used to test the system for unexpected reference-disturbance pairs to show the generalization performance of the proposed system. Parameters of a real DC motor are used to test the proposed approach. Real DC motor’s parameters are estimated using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Initially, a proportional-integral (PI) controller is designed using PSO algorithm for finding simple controller’s parameters optimally and automatically. Starting with neural-network equivalent of optimal PI controller, optimal neural-network controller is designed using PSO algorithm for training again. Simulations are conducted with estimated parameters for diverse set of training and test patterns. Results are compared with optimal PI controller’s performance and reported in the corresponding section. Encouraging results are obtained suggesting further research in the proposed direction.
Low Frequency Ventilation Facilitates Weaning in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Treated with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Hermann Martina , König Sebastian , Laxar Daniel , Krall Christoph , Kraft Felix , Krenn Katharina , Baumgartner Clemens , Tretter Verena , Maleczek Mathias , Hermann Alexander , Fraunschiel Melanie , Ullrich Roman
Published: August 2024

Although extracorporeal membrane ventilation offers the possibility for low frequency ventilation, protocols commonly used in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) vary largely. Whether strict adherence to low frequency ventilation offers benefit on important outcome measures is poorly understood. Background/Objectives: This pilot clinical study investigated the efficacy of low frequency ventilation on ventilator free days (VFDs) in patients suffering from ARDS treated with ECMO therapy. Methods: In this single-center randomized controlled trial, 44 (70% male) successive ARDS patients treated with ECMO (aged 56 ± 12 years, SAPS III 64 (SD ± 14)) were randomly assigned 1:1 to control group (conventional ventilation) or treatment group (low fre-quency ventilation during first 72 hours on ECMO: respiratory rate 4-5/min; PEEP 14-16cm H2O; plateau pressure 23-25 cm H2O, tidal volume: < 4mL/kg). The primary endpoint was VFDs at day 28 of ECMO start. The major secondary endpoint was ICU mortality, 28-day and 90-day mortality. Results Twenty-three (52%) patients could be successfully weaned from ECMO and were discharged from intensive care unit (ICU). Twelve patients in the treatment group and five patients in the control group showed more than one VFD at day 28 after ECMO. VFDs were 3.0 (SD ± 5.5) days in the control group and 5.4 (SD ± 6) days in the treatment group (P = 0.117). Until day 28 after ECMO initiation, patients in the treatment group could be more often successfully weaned from ventilator (OR of 0.164 of 0 VFDs at day 28 after ECMO start; 95% CI 0.036-0.758; P = 0.021). ICU mortality did not differ significantly (36% in treatment group and 59% in control group; P = 0.227). Conclusions: Low frequency ventilation is comparable to conventional protec-tive ventilation in patients with ARDS treated with ECMO. However, low frequency ventilation may support weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation in patients suffering from ARDS treated with ECMO therapy.
Research on Short‐Term Forecasting Model of Global Atmospheric Temperature and Wind in the Near Space Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Sun Xingxin , Lan Ting , Liu Yi , Zhou Chen , Feng Jian , Yang Huiyun , Zhang Yuqiang , Chen Zhou , Xu Tong , Deng Zhong-Xin , Zhao Zhengyu
Published: August 2024

Developing short-term forecasting model for global atmospheric temperature and wind in the near space is crucial for understanding atmospheric dynamics and supporting human activities in this region. While numerical models have been extensively developed, deep learning techniques have recently shown promise in improving atmospheric forecasting accuracy. In this study, convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM) and convolutional gated recurrent unit (ConvGRU) neural networks were applied to build for short-term global-scale forecasting model of atmospheric temperature and wind in the `near space based on the MERRA-2 reanalysis dataset from 2010-2022. The model results showed that the ConvGRU model outperforms the ConvLSTM model in the short-term forecast results. The ConvGRU model achieved a root mean square error in the first three hours of approximately 1.8 K for temperature predictions, and errors of 4.2 m/s and 3.8 m/s for eastward and northward wind predictions, respectively.
Effectiveness of Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments in Slowing Myopia Progression in Pediatric Patients as a Function of the Age. Three Years Follow Up
Authors: Buzzonetti Luca , Petroni Sergio , Federici Matteo , Valente Paola , Iarossi Giancarlo
Published: August 2024

Background: To evaluate the effectiveness of Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) in slowing myopia progression in pediatric patients as a function of age. Methods: This was a non-randomized experimenter-masked retrospective controlled observational study of European individuals aged 6 -16 years with progressive myopia but no ocular pathology. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of the participants allocated to receive DIMS spectacles (Hoya® MiyoSmart®) or single vision spectacle lenses (control group). Cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE) and axial length (AL), were measured at baseline and at 36 month follow up. The results were stratified by age into four groups: patients that wore DIMS spectacles oldest or youngest than 10 years of age (respectively, group A, 20 patients mean age 13.6±2.2 and group C, 20 patients mean age 9.0±1.2) and age-matched control groups (group B, 18 patients mean age 13.2±2.5 and group D, 22 patients mean age 8.5±0.9). Results: At 36 months, SE and AL increase resulted significantly reduced in groups A and C, respectively compared to groups B and D (p<0.05). Linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation (P<0.05) between patient age and myopia progression for SE in groups A and C, but only in group A also for AL. Groups B and D did not show any significant correlation (P>0.05). Conclusion: DIMS spectacles seem to slow myopia increase in pediatric patients, however their effectiveness results greatest in children oldest than 10 years of age. Morover our findings suggest that AL may be the more reliable parameter for evaluating myopia progression.
The Impact of Adding Trehalose to the Diet on Egg Quality and Tibia Strength in Light Laying Hens
Authors: Costa Fernando Perazzo , Kaneko Isabelle , Ferreira Thamires , Muniz Jorge , Silva Eliane , Lima Adiel , Lima Neto Raul , Lima Matheus Ramalho , Mukai Kazuhisa , Higashiyama Takonobu , Moreira Thiago
Published: August 2024

Trehalose, a disaccharide made of two D-glucose molecules, is found in various organisms like bacteria, yeast, fungi, insects, and plants. It serves as an energy and carbon source in plants and has signaling functions in yeast and plants, affecting metabolic pathways and growth regulation. It also plays a role in protecting proteins and cell membranes from damage caused by stress. This study aims to determine the best level of trehalose supplementation in layer diets between 34 to 49 weeks of age, due to limited literature on its impact on laying hen productivity. Experimental diets were based on nutritional recommendations and included six trehalose levels. The study was conducted over five periods of 21 days each, evaluating various parameters such as feed intake, egg production, egg quality, and bone characteristics. The results showed that trehalose supplementation influenced the performance of laying hens, as well as some aspects of egg and bone quality.
Biological Control of Lettuce Drop (Sclerotinia minor) Using Antagonistic Bacillus Species
Authors: Petkova Mariana Krasimirova , Dimova Milena
Published: August 2024

Sclerotinia minor Jagger is a phytopathogenic fungus that causes lettuce drop, a serious problem of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) production. The control of this pathogen is challenging because of the presence of resistance of sclerotia, which can survive in the soil under favourable conditions. In Bulgaria, the management of lettuce drop relies primarily on the strategic application of synthetic fungicides. To find alternative methods for disease management, four bacterial isolates were screened for antagonism against S. minor. This study reports the in vitro evaluation of the antifungal activity of Bacillus subtilis, Priestia megaterium, Bacillus safensis, and Bacillus mojavensis against S. minor. The molecular identification of the isolates involved in the activity was examined by 16s rRNA sequencing. Isolated bacterial strains produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in a medium supplemented with 0.1% L-tryptophan. The ability of those strains to increase the mobility of phosphorus and zinc has been elucidated. The production of siderophores has been confirmed on CAS (Chrom azurol S) medium. The inhibitory action showed by the filtrates of the bacterial growth broths against S. minor and points out the nature of the molecules involved. The evaluation of the antifungal activity was carried out in vitro and pot experiments. This study determined the effect of growth-promoting rhizobacteria on the development of lettuce. This research focuses mainly on the development of biocontrol strategies for the management of lettuce drop in greenhouses.
DQN-Based Shaped Reward Function Mould for UAV Emergency Communication
Authors: Ye Chenhao , Zhu Wei , Guo Shiluo , Bai Jinyin
Published: August 2024

Unmanned aerial vehicle UAV has become an important tool for emergency communication. When disaster happens, the roads in the disaster area always are seriously damaged, and theground infrastructure communication facilities are damaged. Under emergency conditions, UAV can go into key areas as communication nodes to provide communication services for users in the area.But it's difficult for UAV to cover the entire disaster area and the efficient rescue time will be delayed. Therefore, how to make the UAV accurately perceive the regional situation and deployed in the right position is worth studying. In this paper, a virtual simulation environment is established reasonably and deep reinforcement learning algorithm is used to train UAV agents. At the same time, a series of problems such as sparse reward and long training time are still not solved in the development of reinforcement learning algorithms,and the reward function is designed to improve training efficiency. First of all, we set a specific mountain emergency communication scenario, and combined with the specific application of the UAV to carry out virtual simulation, and build a virtual environment. Furthermore, an additional shaped reward function is designed to address the sparse reward problem. Through the improvement of deep Q-learning network DQN algorithm and the reward design based on potential function, the final evaluation index is improved, and the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified. The experimental results demonstrate our work can effectively shorten the training time and increase convergencerate.
Modelling and Simulation of Pico- and Nano-Grids for Renewable Energy Integration in a Campus Microgrid
Authors: Tan Kuan Tak , Krishnan Sivaneasan Bala , Chua Andy Yi Zhuang
Published: August 2024

Research in renewable energy sources and micro-grid systems is critical for the evolving power industry. Micro-grids can supply diverse loads while reducing dependency on the utility grid. This paper models both pico-grids and nano-grids in the Singapore Institute of Technology Punggol campus, incorporating solar PV, energy storage systems (ESS), power electronics converters, and both DC and AC loads, along with utility grid connections. The pico-grid includes a battery storage system, a single-phase inverter linked to a single-phase grid, and DC and AC loads. The nano-grid comprises solar PV panels, a boost converter, a battery storage system, a three-phase inverter connected to a three-phase grid, and AC loads. Both the pico-grid and nano-grid are configurable in standalone or grid-connected modes. This configuration flexibility allows for detailed operational analysis under various conditions. The study conducts subsystem-level modeling before integrating all components into the simulation environment. MATLAB/Simulink is utilized to model, simulate, and analyze the power flow in both the pico-grid and nano-grid under different operating conditions.
Beyond Profit. Exploring the Motivators of Local Producers in Multiple Sub-regions in Western Hungary
Authors: Schlett András , Lendvai Marietta Balázsné , Beke Judit
Published: August 2024

Most research on sustainable small-scale, local producer lifestyles emphasises healthy food production, lacking integration of mental and spiritual well-being into a holistic concept of a healthy lifestyle. This study explores the motives behind the production activity of producers engaged in sustainable food production in several Western Hungarian sub-regions, aiming to identify their attitudes and motivations. The small-scale entrepreneurial mindset encompasses needs beyond physical and ethical aspects, such as involvement, socio-cultural attachment to the past, tradition, nature, place, and local culture. An online questionnaire was conducted with 73 local producers in the second quarter of 2024. The results of the factor and cluster analyses were used to classify the producers into two clusters: the "Value-Creator" and the "Proud" clusters. The main features of these two clusters were illustrated in persona profiles. The "Value-Creator" cluster, mainly women, feel a strong connection to the local community and view sustainable production as a lifestyle choice. The "Proud" cluster, consisting of young men, focus on the quality and uniqueness of their products. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of sustainable production by exploring producers' intrinsic motivations and lifestyle choices. The findings could also inform other entrepreneurial projects, such as urban initiatives.
Follow-Up Period Affects the Association between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration and Incidence of Dementia, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Grant William B.
Published: August 2024

Background/Objectives: Vitamin D’s effect on risk health outcomes is often evaluated using prospective cohort studies. Risk ratios (RRs; e.g., hazard ratios or odds ratios) are determined for incidence for participants with baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations below or above specified values. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations vary over time, thereby diluting the effect of 25(OH)D for long follow-up periods. Inverse relationships between RR and follow-up period have been reported for all-cause mortality rate and cancer incidence rates. Here I evaluate the effect for neurological outcomes. Methods: I analyzed how follow-up period affected results from 10 cohort studies of all-cause dementia, 6 studies of Alzheimer’s disease, and 9 for cognitive impairment with respect to vitamin D deficiency. Results: For all-cause dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and cognitive impairment, respectively, the linear regression fits are RR = 2.9 – 0.14 × years, r = 0.73, p = 0.02; RR = 2.9 – 0.14 × years, r = 0.69, p = 0.13; and RR = 1.8 – 0.066 × years, r = 0.72, p = 0.03. The regression fit to RR for the shortest follow-up period for each outcome is considered the best estimate of vitamin D deficiency’s effect on risk. Those values are approximately twice that found by averaging all RRs without considering the effect of follow-up period. Conclusions: Vitamin D’s effect on risk of neurological conditions should be determined with relatively short follow-up periods after repeated 25(OH)D measurements as warranted during follow-up.
Visualizing Plant Responses: Novel Insights Possible through Affordable Imaging Techniques in the Greenhouse
Authors: Conley Matthew M. , Hejl Reagan W. , Serba Desalegn D. , Williams Clinton F.
Published: August 2024

Global climatic pressures and increased human demands create a modern necessity for efficient and affordable plant phenotyping unencumbered by arduous technical requirements. The analysis and archival of imagery have become easier as modern camera technology and computers are leveraged. This facilitates the detection of vegetation status and changes over time. Using a custom lightbox, an inexpensive camera, and common software, turfgrass pots were photographed in a greenhouse environment over an 8-week experiment period. Subsequent imagery was analyzed for area of cover, color metrics, and sensitivity to image corrections. Findings were compared to active spectral reflectance data and previously reported measurements of visual quality, productivity, and water use. Results indicate that Red Green Blue-based (RGB) imagery with simple controls is sufficient to measure the effects of plant treatments. Notable correlations were observed for corrected imagery, including between a percent yellow color area classification segment (%Y) with human visual quality ratings (VQ) (R = -0.89), the dark green color index (DGCI) with clipping productivity in mg d-1 (mg) (R = 0.61), and an index combination term (COMB2) with water use in mm d-1 (mm) (R = -0.60). The calculation of green cover area (%G) correlated with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) (R = 0.91) and its RED reflectance spectra (R = -0.87). A CIELAB b*/a* chromatic ratio (BA) correlated with Normalized Difference Red-Edge index (NDRE) (R = 0.90), and its Red-Edge (RE) (R = -0.74) reflectance spectra, while a new calculation termed HSVi correlated strongest to the Near-Infrared (NIR) (R = 0.90) reflectance spectra. Additionally, COMB2 significantly differentiated between the treatment effects of date, mowing height, deficit irrigation, and their interactions (p < 0.001). Sensitivity and statistical analysis of typical image file formats and corrections that included JPEG (JPG), TIFF (TIF), geometric lens correction (LC), and color correction (CC) were conducted. Results underscore the need for further research to support image corrections standardization and better connect image data to biological processes. This study demonstrates the potential of consumer-grade photography to capture plant phenotypic traits.
A Communication Toolkit to Assist Families Access Dental Care Services in Scotland: A Qualitative Evaluation
Authors: Nanjappa Sucharita , Wijesiri Thushani Indumani Devi , Carson Susan J , Freeman Ruth
Published: August 2024

Childsmile is Scotland’s national child oral health improvement programme designed to reduce inequalities in oral health and ensuring universal access to NHS dental services by working closely with children and their families. Research has shown that parents with more dental concerns are less likely to bring their children for regular preventive dental check-ups. Therefore, a communication toolkit named ‘Chatterbox’ was created to help families access dental care services. This study aimed to evaluate the acceptability of Chatterbox from the perspective of parents with young children and from staff who work with them. Thirty parents of young children, volunteers, and staff affiliated with three third-sector family support organisations in Dundee participated in in-depth interviews, focus groups, and observations to assess the objectives of Chatterbox. Framework analysis was conducted to capture the themes, patterns, and findings triangulated using observations and field notes. Chatterbox was found to promote effective communication, identify barriers to dental attendance, provide a platform for reflection, convey the complexities of daily life, and boost parents' confidence to seek assistance. Chatterbox has the potential to help parents in accessing preventive dental care for their young children, when used with trained support workers.
Perceived Inclusivity in Mobility Aids Use: A Qualitative Study in Iran
Authors: Rasoulivalajoozi Mohsen , Cucuzzella Carmela , Farhoudi Morteza
Published: August 2024

Despite inclusive design focusing on improving environmental accessibility for mobility aid (MA) users, it often fails to ensure true inclusivity due to mismatches between interventions and user perceptions. Therefore, understanding mobility aids users' perceptions of inclusivity is essential for advancing disability studies and design, as it highlights key interventions for more effective practices. This study aims to explore perceived inclusivity in MAs usage and identifies gaps in users' needs, classifying their needs and offering recommendations to meet them. First, the DARE-Inclusive Design Framework was used to develop interview guidelines and interpret results. Next, semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 experienced physiotherapists in Iran, and finally, an inductive thematic analysis was used to identify and present themes. Four themes were identified: 1. Perceived Financial Value: Assessing Worth, 2. Objective Enhancements: Optimizing Environments and MAs, 3. Subjective Enhancements: Trustworthiness, Support, and Hope, and 4. Contextual Factors: Interpretations and Representations. The four interconnected themes provide guidelines for inclusivity-oriented interventions, emphasizing financial assessment, high-tech integration, and aesthetic and symbolic considerations in mobility aid design. Physiotherapists can also mediate emotional responses and enhance inclusion during rehabilitation. Additionally, social context and disability etiology impact users' acceptance and use of MAs.
The Usefulness of the Regression-Based Normed SKT Short Cognitive Performance Test in detecting Cognitive Impairment in a Community Sample
Authors: Stemmler Mark , Arnold Melina , Numbers Katya , Kochan Nicole A. , Sachdev Perminder S. , Brodaty Henry
Published: August 2024

(1) Background The SKT is a short cognitive performance test designed to assess impairments in memory and cognitive abilities such as attention and speed of information processing. In 2019, new regression-based norms for the English version of the SKT were calculated applying data from older cognitively healthy adults living in the US, Ireland and Australia (the norming sample) The study has two aims: to establish valid cut-offs for distinguishing between no cognitive impairment, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia (1), and to cross-validate the new norms for detecting MCI and dementia (2) in a community sample of older adults with clinical diagnoses; (2)Methods: The validation sample included 142 older adults (mean age=87.7, SD=3.55) from the Sydney Memory and Aging Study (MAS Study). Participants were classified as having normal cognition, MCI, or dementia through a consensus diagnosis as well as by the SKT; (3)Results: The sensitivity of the SKT for the differentiation of cognitive impairment (MCI or dementia) from normal cognition was 80.6%. The convergence between the SKT and the consensus diagnoses was 60.1% for all three diagnostic groups. The correlation between the SKT and the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III), a well validated measure of cognitive ability in older adults, was r = 0.3;. (4) Conclusions: In sum, it can be stated that the SKT is a valid tool for detecting early stages of cognitive impairment, performing very well in discriminating between no cognitive impairment and cognitive impairment (MCI or dementia).
The Utility of C-Reactive Protein, Procalcitonin, and Leukocyte Values in Predicting the Prognosis of Patients with Pneumosepsis and Septic Shock
Authors: Doganci Melek , Eraslan Doganay Guler , Sazak Hilal , Alagöz Ali , Cirik Mustafa Ozgur , Hoşgün Derya , Cakiroglu Emine Banu , Yildiz Murat , Ari Maside , Ozdemir Tarkan , Kizilgoz Derya
Published: August 2024

Background: The predictive value of changes in C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin and leukocyte levels, which are commonly used in the diagnosis of infection in sepsis and septic shock, remains a topic of debate. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of changes in CRP, procalcitonin, and leukocyte counts on the prognosis of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with a diagnosis of pneumosepsis and pneumonia-related septic shock, and to investigate whether any of these markers have a superior predictive value over the others in forecasting prognosis. Methods: The study analyzed the demographic data, Charlson Comorbidity Index score (CCIS), CURB-65 score (confusion, uremia, respiratory rate, BP, age ≥ 65 years), and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE-II) scores of 230 patients admitted to the ICU with a diagnosis of pneumosepsis and pneumonia-related septic shock between April 1, 2022, and December 31, 2023. The levels of CRP, procalcitonin, and leukocytes were also recorded and analyzed to assess their impact on 1-month and 3-month mortality outcomes. Results: According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, low BMI, male gender, high CCIS, CURB-65, and APACHE-II scores were found to be significantly associated with both 1-month and 3-month mortality (p<0.05). An elevated SOFA score was associated with 1-month mortality, while advanced age was related to 3-month mortality (p<0.05). Although there was no significant relationship between the first-day levels of leukocytes, CRP, and PCT and mortality, their levels on the third day were observed to be at their highest in both 1-month and 3-month mortality cases (p<0.05). Additionally, a concurrent increase in any two or all three of CRP, PCT, and leukocyte values was found to be higher in patients with 3-month mortality compared to those who survived (p=0.004). Discussion: Although PCT, CRP, and leukocyte values measured at the time of admission were not significantly associated with 1-month mortality in patients with pneumosepsis or pneumonia-related septic shock, the persistent elevation and concurrent increase of these values, along with male gender, advanced age, low BMI, and high CCIS, CURB-65, and APACHE-II scores, were found to be significantly associated with 3-month mortality.
Cepharanthin®, an alkaloid mixture derived from Stephania cephalantha Hayata suppresses the activation of T-lymphocytes and the inflammatory response of epithelial cells in in vitro oral lichen planus model
Authors: Shiraishi Ryo , Komiyama Yuske , Kitsukawa Yoshiaki , Koike Aya , Hyodo Toshiki , Kunitomi Yosuke , Yaguchi Erika , Hasegawa Tomonori , Kotani Wataru , Wada Rei , Tamegaya Saki , Fukumoto Chonji , Wakui Takahiro , Kawamata Hitoshi
Published: August 2024

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory mucosal disease, and an apparent cause has not been identified. OLP is refractory to treatment, and malignant transformation has been reported. Therefore, discovering effective drugs with few adverse effects over long-term administration is crucial. In this study, we established an in vitro OLP model to investigate the effects of Cepharanthin®, an alkaloid mixture derived from Stephania cephalantha Hayata. Four alkaloids from Cepharanthin® suppressed the expression of cytokine genes at various degrees in activated T cells. However, the effect of Cepharanthin® was limited. On the other hand, Cepharanthin® and four alkaloids suppressed the expression of various cytokine genes in human oral epithelial cells when stimulated with IL-β. In the OLP model, activated T cells increased the inflammatory gene expression in the epithelial cells, while Cepharanthin® suppressed their gene expression. Anti-inflammatory effect of Cepharanthin® was observed by protein dot blot. The effects of Cepharanthin®️ might be expressed through two aspects: its effect of mildly suppressing the activation of T lymphocytes and strongly suppressing the response of epithelial cells to inflammatory stimuli. The in vitro model established in this study could be a tool for elucidating the mechanisms of OLP pathogenesis and disease persistence.
Individualized Management of Postoperative Radiotherapy for Patients with Diffuse Low-Grade Gliomas
Authors: Zhang Xin , Wu Wenbo , Wang Yu , Lian Xin , Ma Wenbin
Published: August 2024

This review explores the nuanced decision-making surrounding postoperative radiotherapy for diffuse low-grade glioma (DLGG) patients, emphasizing the need for personalized treatment to balance the benefits of tumor control with the risks of long-term side effects. Radiotherapy is a cornerstone of DLGG treatment, offering significant improvements in progression-free survival, but its potential for cognitive decline and vascular lesions necessitates careful consideration of individual patient factors. The review delves into the complexities of radiotherapy timing, revealing that while early radiotherapy enhances progression-free survival, it does not significantly impact overall survival and may lead to earlier onset of cognitive decline. Conversely, delayed radiotherapy may mitigate cognitive decline but may result in shorter progression-free survival and the onset of neurological symptoms. The review advocates for a patient-centered approach, emphasizing the importance of weighing individual risks and benefits, and highlights the potential of artificial intelligence in predicting cognitive decline and the need to revisit previous research findings in light of the 2021 WHO (World Health Organization) classification update, underscoring the evolving nature of DLGG treatment and the ongoing quest for optimal therapeutic strategies.
Commercial Silver-based Dressings: In vitro and Clinical Studies in Treatment of Chronic and Burn Wounds
Authors: Shrestha Sweta , Wang Bo , Dutta Prabir K
Published: August 2024

Chronic wounds are a major health problem because of delayed healing and cause hardships for the patient. The infection present in these wounds plays a role in delayed wound healing. Silver wound dressings have been used for decades, beginning in the 1960s with silver sulfadiazine for infection prevention for burn wounds. Since that time, there has been a large number of commercial silver dressings that have cleared FDA approval. In this review, we examine the literature involving in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies with commercial silver dressings and attempt to glean the important characteristics of these dressings in treating infected wounds. The primary presentation of the literature is in the form of detailed tables. The narrative part of the review focuses on the different types of silver dressings, including the supporting matrix, the release characteristics of the silver into the surroundings, and their toxicity. Though there are many clinical studies of chronic and burn wounds using silver dressings that we discuss, it is difficult to compare the performances of the dressings directly because of the differences in the study protocols. We conclude that silver dressings can assist in wound healing, though it is difficult to provide general treatment guidelines.