bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STAGES OF ESTABLISHMENT OF COMPUTER TERMINOLOGY
AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN UKRAINE
Authors: Mentynska Iryna
Published: July 2023

The article traces the formation of computer terminology against the background of the development of information technologies in Ukraine. Important stages of establishment of this field of knowledge are highlighted. Special attention is paid to the main lexicographical works, which became basic in the formation of the term system. The relevance of scientific research is determined by the need for a scientific description of the history of the development of Ukrainian computer terminology, as well as the need to determine the periodization of the formation of Ukrainian computer terminology. To realize the goal, the following tasks were completed1) describe the development of IT technologies in Ukraine; 2) the main stages of the adoption of computer terms against the background of the development of the computer industry are revealed; 3) lexicographical works that became basic in the formation of the computer sphere were carefully considered; 4) the peculiarities of the functioning of computer terms at each stage of development are established.
The study of the history of the formation and development of industry terminology against the background of the development of information technologies in Ukraine makes it possible to determine the main regularities of the formation of the term system, to forecast the trends of its development using logical and linguistic ordering and a well-founded lexicographic description.
The development and systematization of computer terminology are complex and ambiguous. We single out five important stages of the establishment of the computer industry against the background of the development of IT technologies in Ukraine: the 1st stage (beginning of the 20th century); 2nd (1941–1959); 3rd (1960-1989); 4th (1990–2000); 5th (early 2000 – until today). We trace that the emergence of information technologies in Ukraine dates back to 1914, however, due to intralingual and extra lingual factors, Ukrainian computer terminology developed sluggishly during the first and second periods.
However, the fourth and fifth periods are characterized by rapid development and consistent systematization of the branch terminology. The main lexicographic works, which can be called basic in the formation of computer terminology, were the dictionaries of the 20 and 30 years of the 20th century. An important basis for establishing and codifying computer term units is the “Cybernetics Encyclopedia”, and at the current stage of development, online dictionaries of they IT. In the future, it would be worth investigating the stages of development of thermographic processing in the computer industry in Ukraine and abroad.
Key words: terminology, term, computer terminology, computer technologies, lexicographic works.
DEVELOPMENT OF TERMINOLOGICAL COMPETENCE OF STUDENTS MAJORING IN APPLIED LINGUISTICS
Authors: Levchenko Olena
Published: July 2023

The paper outlines the paradigm for developing terminological competence of students majoring in Applied Linguistics. In the course of research, the following tasks have been performed in order to achieve the purpose: the most important components of terminological competence of students majoring in Applied Linguistics are identified; the problematic issues related to the formation of each of the essential components of terminological competence are highlighted; the methodology for developing terminological competence in language classes is analyzed. Therefore, the development of terminological competence of higher education students is revealed to be a complex work covering a wide range of educational activities, which comprise general education and professionally-oriented subjects, as well as optional ones. The most important components of the students’ terminological competence are as follows: studying the basic theoretical foundations of the theory of terminology and historical stages of formation of terminological systems; mastering the most important principles of term formation and standardization of terminology; developing sustainable skills and abilities in normative application of terminology in professional communication. The paper outlines a number of problematic issues related to the formation of each of these components of terminological competence, such as the ratio of borrowed and native elements in the terminological system, excessive involvement of anglicisms in Ukrainian terminologyical systems, functioning of terminological units formed in violation of terminological consistency in modern professional speaking, and also the presence of outdated forms, orthographic errors or spelling mistakes in modern electronic lexicographical papers which disoriente native speakers, etc. Methodological recommendations for the development of students’ terminological competence in language classes are formulated in accordance with each of the proposed components, e.g., panel discussions, conference classes, presentation of students’ own collections with examples in accordance with the topic assigned, preparation and presentation of creative works with the use of certain linguistic tools, research papers, game methods, etc.
Key words: term, terminology, Applied Linguistics, terminological competence, terminology, termination, determination.
SYNTACTICAL TERMS IN THE WORKS OF VASYL SIMOVYCH THROUGH THE PRISM OF MODERN SYNTACTICAL THEORIES
Authors: Matushchak Iryna
Published: July 2023

The scientific search of V. Simovych in the field of syntax at the beginning of the 20th century is considered, namely the scientist’s attempts to develop a syntactic theory through the prism of its special concepts. The scientist’s thoughts on the choice of syntax terms in view of the communicative approach of sentences and their components are fixed. The article deals with the classification of terms from syntax, namely by content and form, as well as according to their types in a sentence. According to the content, the author of the work singles out: оповідні речення; запитові або питання, запитове речення; приказові речення; бажальні речення; викликове речення; притакливі речення, речення оповідне притакливе; заперечні речення, оповідні заперечні речення; приказове притакливе речення. They differ in form: поєдичне речення, або просте і речення зложене, зложене речення. Varieties of the main members of the sentence in the syntax of «Practical Grammar of the Ukrainian Language» (Rashtat, 1918) were revealed. Specifically, the following varieties of the main members of the sentence became the object of the study: присудкове імня, зложений присудок, присудок (стягнений), підмет граматичний, льоґічний підмет. A list of terms-names of secondary members of the sentence is provided. In V. Simovych’s «Practical Grammar of the Ukrainian Language» there are three appendices: справжнїй, або властивий предмет, дальший предмет, внутрішнїй предмет. It is interesting that дальший і внутрішнїй предмет is fixed only in the first edition of the grammar. Accordingly, the прикметниковий додаток corresponds to its modern term of означення, and the обставина is interpreted as прислівникові додатки. The interpretation of the theory of syntax, its names according to the concept of V. Simovych is a part of modern syntactic theories. It is fixed that the presented syntactic terms are in the scientific theories of contemporary scientists. This fact testifies to the importance of the scientific principles of syntax, as well as the terms of syntax developed by V. Simovych at the beginning of the 20th century.
Key words: syntax of the beginning of the 20th century, syntactic term units, Vasyl Simovych, communicative approach in syntax.
LITERARY-ARTISTIC ANTHROPONYMS IN FAIRY TALES
Authors:   Liudmyla Yursa, Ludmyla Havrylovska
Published: July 2023

Our research is devoted to the study of the literary heritage of Vasyl Sukhomlynskyi, in particular literary and artistic anthroponyms.
We determined the aspects that are dominant in the formation of the literary and artistic anthroponymicon of Vasyl Sukhomlynskyi.
Anthroponyms are an important element of an artistic work, as they contribute to the creation of an artistic image, help to realize the authorʼs worldview. Proper names are included in the universal categories of artistic text.
The writerʼs work on the anthroponymic space of the artistic text involves the selection of own names from the real world or the creation of new names based on known models. Proper names help the reader to better perceive the artistic text, decipher the authorʼs intention. Nowadays, linguists are increasingly interested in proper names in literary texts, as evidenced by numerous scientific studies.
LHA in the literary works of Vasyl Sukhomlynskyi are carefully selected, ensure the realism and veracity of the created images. In the analyzed texts, 41 literary and artistic anthroponyms were identified, which, in addition to the nominative function, also perform a localization, sociological, characteristic, expressive and evaluative function, and also determine the authorʼs attitude to the character. The work revealed that the localization function is manifested in the fact that the author chooses Christian names for the characters – children of peasants, hardworking people, with pronounced character traits, reproducing Ukrainian traditions as much as possible Vasyl Sukhomlynskyiʼs works represent a variety of subjects and plots, constitute an inseparable artistic whole, testify to the authorʼs unique idiostyle, which is particularly reflected in his own titles.
The peculiarities of research and analysis of artistic anthroponymy are revealed in the fact that linguists study the anthroponymy of an artistic text, focusing on peopleʼs proper names, their origin, structure, frequency of use, social and national characteristics. Scientists draw attention to the incompleteness and openness of the classification model of literary and artistic onyims, offering their own classifications of anthroponyms. In addition to the study of the structure of the Ukrainian onomasticon with the division of the anthroponymicon, scientists classify LHA according to the functional and stylistic load.
Key words: onomastics, anthroponyms, literary and artistic anthroponyms, linguistics.
CATEGORY OF TEXT CONNECTIVITY
IN THE COMMUNICATIVE ASPECT
Authors: Yeshchenko Tetyana
Published: July 2023

The article analyzes the text as a communicative unit of artistic communication. Varieties of the text category “connectivity” are presented. The understanding of this invariant feature of the text in the unity of formal and substantive aspects is substantiated. Referential, relational, semantic, figurative, connotative, associative, logical, structural-compositional, stylistic, pragmatic connectivity is described. The scientific novelty of the article is that, for the first time in linguistics, the textual category of connectivity is presented in the communicative aspect. Research methods were used: contextual-interpretive (to justify the status of the text, reconstruction of the author’s (communicative) intention, motives, purpose, general content, orientation of the text to the address, etc.), compositional (to clarify the dynamic unfolding of the text), pragmatic (to identify means ). implementation of communicative interaction between addresser and addressee, study of the problems of communicative modeling of the text, its pragmatic nature and main functions - an intermediary between the author and the reader, determination of pragmatic characteristics of the intentions and strategies of the text), semiotic (for the interpretation of the text as a sign). It was found that the text category of connectivity is an invariant feature of the text explained at the communicative, pragmatic and referential levels. The strategic communicative task of the described category is the transformation of the addressee’s idea into an artistic text as a unit of information exchange.
Key words: artistic text, communicativeness, text categories, text supercategories, text subcategories, connectivity, text linguistics.
THE EMOTIONAL CONCEPT OF “SADNESS” IN THE COLLECTION OF STORIES “THE ROOM FOR SORROW” BY ANDRII LYUBKA
Authors: Kovaliv Solomiia
Published: July 2023

Scholars from diverse fields of the humanities, including sociology, psychology, philosophy, linguistics, and others, have demonstrated a sustained interest in the realm of emotions. This is primarily because emotions are inextricably linked to crucial aspects of human existence such as behaviour, lifestyle, feelings and their expression, comprehension of the surrounding environment, and the human experience of life-altering circumstances. Every individual’s emotional landscape, as well as their linguistic expression, reflects a unique array of emotions. The article provides an overview of theoretical sources and examines the intricacies of the “concept” notion, which is central to the cognitive linguistics metalanguage. Moreover, the article introduces the term “emotional concept”, which constitutes fragments of the emotional landscape of an individual. In light of this, the language employed by select authors is of significant interest, as their works serve as a model of personal reinterpretation, while also reflecting their way of life, internal experiences, and the accuracy of their linguistic personality’s depiction of reality. The research presented in this article formulates and outlines methods for expressing the emotional concept of “sadness”, using the stories of Transcarpathian writer Andriy Lyubka as an exemplar. The emotional state of sadness has long captivated the attention of scholars across diverse fields of study. This is primarily because, alongside joy, it represents one of the two fundamental, polar emotions. The concept of sadness is universal, as it is comprehensible and relatable across all societies. Individuals can find themselves residing at the intersection of various intervals of sadness, which may arise from losses, disappointments, or physical and emotional pain. Given the universal and profound nature of this emotion, an exploration of Andrii Lyubka’s literary works allows for an examination of how the emotional concept of “sadness” is expressed across multiple language levels, including phraseology, stylistics, phonetics, morphology, and non-verbal communication. This research provides numerous examples that illustrate the description, usage, and implementation of the “sadness” concept within both written texts and spoken language.
Key words: cognitive linguistics, linguistics of emotions, concept, emotional concept, emotional picture of the world, Andrii Lyubka.
PROBLEM QUESTIONS in a process of the teaching
LINGUISTIC GEOGRAPHY IN universities
Authors: Кostiv Oksana
Published: July 2023

In the article, an author attempted to specify the concept of dialect words as object of learning in the high school. The course «Ukrainian Linguistic Geography» is one of the leading places in the system of higher education disciplines. Possession of the Ukrainian literary norm is a primary task for a student-philologist, but one cannot ignore the fact that it was through the dialectal language that the Ukrainian literary language was formed and exists. The course «Ukrainian Linguistic Geography» in high school should familiarize students with Ukrainian dialectology as a science. Lecturer has inform to students find out subject, tasks, meaning and system of terms, teaches students to freely orient on the dialectological map of Ukraine, analyze dialectal texts, acquaint them with phonetic, morphological, lexical peculiarities of dialects of the Ukrainian language, develop skills of writing dialectal texts in phonetic transcription. In the process of presenting the theoretical and practical material of the course «Ukrainian Linguistic Geography», a number of problem points arise from the principles of analysis and representation of dialectal material.
The author analyses the different and common features between linguistic geography and dialectology and takes aims to explore the core methodological and theoretical approaches of linguistic geography. Linguistic geography and dialectology are characterized by a number of common and distinctive features. First of all, it is found in the sources, purpose, subject, object, study conditions, methods of analysis. In the article there were determinate the main purpose, methods of research, sources of linguistic geography as a separate linguistic discipline. In both branches of linguistics the spatial variations of dialect language is object of interest and the visualization of language in spatial constructions is therefore also of growing significance. Accumulation of knowledge about the spatial distribution of linguistic phenomena, about the core and periphery structure language led to the formed of linguistic geography.
Ukrainian linguistic geography is a separate linguistic discipline that emerged from dialectology in the nineteenth century and achieved development in the twentieth century. The high achievement of the modern Ukrainian school of linguistic geography was the publication of the three-volume Atlas of the Ukrainian language. Since linguistic geography is not only one of the domains with a lengthy tradition, it is also one of the most progressive fields in linguistics.
In general, the course «Ukrainian Linguistic Geography» arranges the students theoretical knowledge, promotes creativity in independent work of students, development of skills of scientific researches, which must be thoroughly mastered by the future teacher-verb.
Key words: linguistic geography, dialectology,teaching methods of the Ukrainian language, high school, atlas, core, periphery, vibrations zone, isogloss, contact zone.
TEXTBOOK REVIEW: SVITLANA ROMANIUK, LARYSA KОLIBABA, UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE IN BUSINESS, LEVEL C2. WARSZAWA 2023. 208 Р.
Authors: Tyshchenko Oksana
Published: July 2023

The review is devoted to the analysis of the textbook: Svitlana Romaniuk, Larysa Kоlibaba, Ukrainian language in business, level C2 [Українська мова в бізнесі, рівень С2], Warszawa 2023. 208 р.
The purpose of the textbook is to acquaint students with the practical and theoretical aspects of the Ukrainian language in the field of professional communication at the present stage of its functioning, to form stable competent communication skills. The content corpus consists of 13 topics, in which a range of issues is embedded – quite wide and capacious, covers both linguistic and non-linguistic factors of functioning, creation / perception of texts in business industry, as well as their translation and editing. The practical component will contribute to the organic implementation of acquired knowledge and skills in this area.
We certify the high level of peer-reviewed work and state: the content (created in accordance with the specialization) corresponds to the declared coursework, modern scientific and methodological principles. In the structure and content, speech, linguistic, sociocultural, activity lines are consistently observed. This is reflected in the methodological organization of theoretical and practical material.
The manual is performed at the proper level. It is methodically justified and deepens the basic information about the phonetic, lexical, phraseological, stylistic, grammatical systems of the modern Ukrainian language in the field of professional communication, forms studentsʼ stable skills of competent writing and oral speech, analytical processing of material, modeling of speech communication, promotes a creative approach to work, encourages to give phenomena their own assessment, analyze, predict. It is commendable that the didactic materials have been tested among students of Warsaw Ukrainian Studies for several years, which provides an increase in their practical and methodological value.
Key words: Textbook, didactics of Ukrainian as a foreign language, language of business, level C2.
Pesquisa, ensino e extensão
Authors: Almeida Wanderson Carvalho de , Ferraz Maria Ângela Arêa Leão
Published: July 2023

O objetivo do presente artigo é relatar a experiência sobre o desenvolvimento de atividades relacionadas à pesquisa, ao ensino e à extensão durante um ano de modalidade híbrida de ensino, adotadas pelo curso de Odontologia da Universidade Estadual do Piauí. Nesse contexto, se discute o desenvolvimento de projetos de pesquisa e a participação no programa de monitoria acadêmica, adotando não só ferramentas digitais como também outras práticas de ensino permitidas pela modalidade híbrida. A participação em uma extensão universitária também ocupa lugar de destaque, demonstrando a aplicabilidade dos conhecimentos adquiridos pela discussão de assuntos voltados para a promoção e prevenção de doenças bucais, bem como a confecção de materiais online a serem disponibilizados para o público infantil durante o ano letivo 2020. O presente estudo destaca a importância da pesquisa, do ensino e da extensão em uma universidade pública no momento de enfrentamento à COVID-19, demostrando que é possível o seu desenvolvimento e sua aplicabilidade em uma realidade de ensino adaptada e contínua.
Studi Analisis Penetapan Harga Pokok Produksi Dan Kelayakan Usaha Pada UMKM
Authors: Afni Nur , Firmasnyah Iksan
Published: July 2023

Penetapan harga berdasarkan permintaan adalah metode yang berfokus pada faktor produk yang memengaruhi selera konsumen. Dari tingkat permintaan dan penawaran yang ada, produsen menentukan harga keseimbangan (equilibrium price). Metode yang banyak digunakan untuk menentukan harga pokok produksi adalah menggunakan full costing dan juga variable costing. Metode full costing dan variable costing ini sama-sama berfungsi sebagai metode perhitungan atas suatu biaya produk.
Prediction of Smear Effect on the Bearing Capacity of Driven Piles
Authors: Al-Zuhairi Ala’a Hussein. Alwan , Mahdi Hayder Alwan , Jawad Saif Mohammed
Published: July 2023

This paper deals with prediction the effect of soil remoulding (smear) on the ultimate bearing capacity of driven piles. The proposed method based on detecting the decrease in ultimate bearing capacity of the pile shaft (excluding the share of pile tip) after sliding downward. This was done via conducting an experimental study on three installed R.C piles in a sandy clayey silt soil. The piles were installed so that a gap space is left between its tip and the base of borehole. The piles were tested for ultimate bearing capacity according to ASTM D1143 in three stages. Between each two stages the pile was jacked inside the borehole until a sliding of about 200mm is achieved to simulate the soil remoulding due to actual pile driving. The results of the tests exhibited that the pile might loss 14% of its ultimate capacity when it is loaded immediately after installation. Also, it was concluded that the pile may regain of about 9% of its original capacity after 30days of its installation.
Hybrid Controller for a Single Flexible Link Manipulator
Authors: Sa'id Waladin K. , Kazem Bahaa I. , Manaty Alya'a M.
Published: July 2023

In this study, the dynamic modeling and step input tracking control of single flexible link is studied. The Lagrange-assumed modes approach is applied to get the dynamic model of a planner single link manipulator. A Step input tracking controller is suggested by utilizing the hybrid controller approach to overcome the problem of vibration of tip position through motion which is a characteristic of the flexible link system. The first controller is a modified version of the proportional-derivative (PD) rigid controller to track the hub position while sliding mode (SM) control is used for vibration damping. Also, a second controller (a fuzzy logic based proportional-integral plus derivative (PI+D) control scheme) is developed for both vibration damping and hub position tracking. A comparison is made between the performances of these two controllers. The Hybrid controller with PD and SM shows better tracking behavior than obtained from the suggested fuzzy (PI+D)2 controller for a single link flexible manipulator.
Experimental Investigation into the Heat and Mass Transfer in an Indirect Contact Closed Circuit Cooling Tower
Authors: Jassim Najim Abid , Al-Tayyar Mohammed A.
Published: July 2023

The heat and mass transfer coefficients of the indirect contact closed circuit cooling tower, ICCCCT, were investigated experimentally. Different experiments were conducted involving the controlling parameters such as air velocity, spray water to air mass flow rate ratio, spray water flow rate, ambient air wet bulb temperature and the provided heat load to investigate their effects on the performance of the ICCCCT. Also the effect of using packing on the performance of the ICCCCT was investigated. It was noticed that these parameters affect the tower performance and the use of packing materials is a good approach to enhance the performance for different operational conditions. Correlations for mass and heat transfer coefficients are presented. The results showed a good agreement with other published works. Correlations are showed that the spray heat transfer coefficient is a function flow rates of spray water and air as well as spray water temperature while mass transfer coefficient is a function of spray water and air flow rates only.
Estudio del uso de marcos de referencia en el trastorno del espectro autista: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Pérez-Estrada Katy Arlette , Ronzón González Eliane , Fernández-Ruíz Juan
Published: July 2023

Los marcos de referencia permiten ubicar dentro del espacio objetos y personas, y tienen impacto en el mundo espacial y social. El marco de referencias egocéntrico (MRE) permite al sujeto posicionarse desde su propia perspectiva, mientras que el marco de referencia alocéntrico (MRA) permiten establecer relaciones entre los objetos sin tomar en cuenta la propia perspectiva. Algunas de las investigaciones realizadas sobre el trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) han encontrado alteraciones en los marcos de referencia. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar mediante el análisis de artículos originales si las personas con TEA presentan alteraciones en el MRE, MRA o en ambos. Se utilizó la metodología PRISMA. La búsqueda de datos se realizó en PubMed, ScienceDirec y Springer link, utilizando la siguiente combinación de palabras: egocentrism, allocentric, spatial, cognition, visuospatial perspective taking y ASD. Se encontraron 964 artículos de los cuales 15 cumplieron los criterios establecidos. De los estudios que realizaron tareas para evaluar el MRE, tres reportaron alteraciones y siete un funcionamiento normal. En cambio, de los que estudiaron el MRA, ocho mostraron alteraciones y seis un funcionamiento normal. La evidencia apunta a que los TEA presentan alteraciones en el MRA, pero no en el MRE, sin embargo, esto no es concluyente, ya que las investigaciones presentan sesgo, las tareas y las edades de los sujetos son heterogéneas, las muestras son pequeñas y los diseños y procedimientos variados. En conclusión, la evidencia aún no es decisiva sobre el deterioro del uso de los marcos de referencia en TEA.
On attractors in dynamical systems modeling genetic networks
Authors: OGORELOVA Diana , SADYRBAEV Felix , SAMUILIK Inna
Published: July 2023

The system of ordinary differential equations that arises in the theory of genetic networks is studied. Attracting sets of a special kind is the focus of the study. These attractors appear as combinations of attractors of lower dimensions,

which are stable limit cycles. The properties of attractors are studied. Visualizations and examples are provided.
Influence of rapidly oscillating inhomogeneities in the formation of additional boundary layers for singularly perturbed integro-differential systems
Authors: AKYLBAYEV Musabek , KALİMBETOV Burhan , PARDAEVA Nilufar
Published: July 2023

In this paper, the Lomov's regularization method is generalized to a singularly perturbed integro-differential equation with a fractional derivative and with a rapidly oscillating inhomogeneity. The main goal of the work is to reveal the influence of a rapidly changing kernel on the structure of the asymptotics of the problem solution and to study additional boundary functions that are generated by rapidly oscillating inhomogeneities.
How can selective processing of vaccination information be diminished? Effects of mindsets and kinds of information
Authors: Giese Helge , Keller Lucas , Gaissmaier Wolfgang
Published: July 2023

Background: Selective processing of attitude-consistent information is a substantial obstacle in convincing vaccine-skeptical people of the benefits of vaccinations. This study tests (i) which types of information are particularly prone to such selective information processing, and (ii) whether a deliberative (vs. implemental) mindset focusing on potential benefits and harms may diminish its effects.Design: 612 Mturk participants were randomized into an implemental or deliberative mindset and received a flu vaccine-skeptical narrative, a flu vaccination facts box transparently summarizing risks and benefits, and a message by the Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC) in favor of the flu vaccine either referring to COVID-19 or not. We tested how these variations affected the acceptance of and the willingness to share each message. Furthermore, we evaluated their impact on flu vaccination attitudes and intentions.Results: The mindset manipulation failed to diminish generally prevalent selective information processing. While vaccine-skeptics did not accept and like the CDC message referring to COVID-19 (particularly in a deliberative mindset), they generally accepted the vaccination facts box more readily compared to both CDC messages. Conclusion: While mindsets were ineffective, more general and transparent information may be more likely to reach an anti-vaccine audience.
How Budget Tradeoffs Undermine Electoral Incentives to Build Public Housing
Authors: Hilbig Hanno , Wiedemann Andreas
Published: July 2023

Housing shortages and rising rents have increased demands for affordable housing. In this paper, we propose that electoral constraints can undermine local politicians' incentives to build public housing. This occurs because voters' diverging preferences for spending conflict with municipalities' long-term goals to provide affordable housing. Empirically, we draw on the full-count census of all housing built in Germany, data on 19,671 local elections between 1989 and 2011, and an original survey. Using a difference-in-differences design, we demonstrate that local incumbents experience moderate electoral losses after constructing new public housing. We then show that these losses are not driven by homeowner opposition or native-foreigner competition. Instead, we develop a novel argument that voters punish local incumbents for new municipal housing when they prefer spending on other prioritized policy domains. Our results have implications for the origins of the affordability crisis and suggest potential strategies to mitigate electoral constraints.
Registered Replication Report of the Construct Validity of the Error-Related Negativity (ERN): A Multi-Site Study of Task-Specific ERN Correlations with Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms
Authors: Clayson Peter E , McDonald Julia Blayne , Park Bohyun , Holbrook Amanda , Baldwin Scott , Riesel Anja , Larson Michael J.
Published: July 2023

Intact cognitive control is critical for goal-directed behavior and is widely studied in healthy and clinical populations using the error-related negativity (ERN). A common assumption in such studies is that ERNs recorded during different experimental paradigms reflect the same construct or functionally equivalent processes and that ERN is functionally distinct from other error-monitoring event-related potentials (ERPs; error positivity [Pe]), other neurophysiological indices of cognitive control (N2), and even other indices unrelated to cognitive control (visual N1). The present registered report represents a replication-plus-extension study of the psychometric validity of cognitive control ERPs (Riesel et al., 2013, Biological Psychology) and evaluated the convergent and divergent validity of ERN, Pe, N2, and visual N1 recorded during three paradigms (flanker, Stroop, Go/no-go). Data from 182 participants were collected from two study sites, and ERP psychometric reliability and validity were evaluated in comparison to ERPs and internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Findings supported replication of convergent and divergent validity of ERN, Pe, and Pe (error minus correct)—these ERPs correlated more with themselves across tasks than with other ERPs measured during the same task. Convergent validity of ERN across tasks was not replicated, despite high internal consistency. ERN was strongly correlated with N2 at levels similar or higher than those in support of convergent validity for other ERPs, although the present study failed to provide evidence of divergent validity for ERN and Pe from N2 or the theoretically-unrelated N1. ERN and ERN were unrelated to internalizing or externalizing symptoms. Present findings underscore the importance of considering the psychometric validity of ERPs as it provides a foundation for interpreting and comparing ERPs across different tasks and studies.
Measuring Work Demands and Resources of Digitalisation: The ICT Resources and Stressors Scale
Authors: Cianci Jari , Weibel David , Elfering Achim
Published: July 2023

The last decades have been characterised by new information and communication technologies (ICTs) and the associated digital transformation of work and working conditions. The digitalisation holds a lot of potential, for example through the automation of simple or monotonous tasks and the reduction of work requirements. On the other hand, stress monitoring studies indicate that this process has been accompanied by an increase in work-related stress. Nevertheless, validated self-report instruments measuring stressors and resources from digitalisation are still only scarcely available. Thus, this study aimed to identify specific ICT-related resources and stressors and to develop a questionnaire that is broadly applicable to employees in different sectors and professions. First, we identified existing ICT-specific constructs and revised their definitions to ensure content validity. Experts then rated the comprehensibility and content validity of these scales. Subsequently, 375 individuals participated in an online survey to conduct an item analysis and to evaluate reliability and validity. The resulting questionnaire comprises the three resources involvement facilitation, ICT control, and ICT resources and upgrades, as well as the stressor telepressure. The four scales comprise a total of 16 items, which performed well in our item analysis and showed good reliabilities. Subsequent analyses using structural equation modelling revealed that the indicators appropriately capture the constructs at the scale level. Furthermore, they predict health and organisational outcomes beyond the influence of established general resources and stressors, thus demonstrating incremental validity. The new ICT Resources and Stressors Scale is recommended for use in organisational settings or stress monitoring studies.
Assessing Large Language Models’ ability to predict how humans balance self-interest and the interest of others
Authors: Capraro Valerio , Di Paolo Roberto , Pizziol Veronica
Published: July 2023

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) holds enormous potential to revolutionize decision-making processes, from everyday to high-stake scenarios. By leveraging generative AI, humans can benefit from data-driven insights and predictions, enhancing their ability to make informed decisions that consider a wide array of factors and potential outcomes. However, as many decisions carry social implications, for AI to be a reliable assistant for decision-making it is crucial that it is able to capture the balance between self-interest and the interest of others. We investigate the ability of three of the most advanced chatbots to predict dictator game decisions across 108 experiments with human participants from 12 countries. We find that only GPT-4 (not Bard nor Bing) correctly captures qualitative behavioral patterns, identifying three major classes of behavior: self-interested, inequity-averse, and fully altruistic. Nonetheless, GPT-4 consistently underestimates self-interest and inequity-aversion, while overestimating altruistic behavior. This bias has significant implications for AI developers and users, as overly optimistic expectations about human altruism may lead to disappointment, frustration, suboptimal decisions in public policy or business contexts, and even social conflict.
Trajectories of learning about others: Liking and affiliation follow similar but distinct paths
Authors: Pan Chelsey , Sokol-Hessner Peter
Published: July 2023

People quickly form stable impressions of others, but impressions are just the beginning of social interaction. Surprisingly little is known about how impressions may relate to the desire to connect, or how they update over time in response to complex, changing information. In an online task, participants learned about 12 targets’ actions and the actions’ contexts from ten two-sentence vignettes, rating targets’ likeability and their desire to connect after each vignette. Actions were positive or negative, with contexts providing dispositional or situational explanations. For some targets, action valence and/or contextual explanation type changed from the first five vignettes to the last five vignettes. Participants updated impressions and affiliative desires quickly, and for some trajectories, the order of information learned mattered. Most importantly, liking and the desire to connect followed similar but different paths through these trajectories of information, establishing that impressions and affiliative desires are related but distinct constructs.
Prejudice across species lines: Testing for a link between the devaluation of humans and non-human animals
Authors: Jaeger Bastian
Published: July 2023

People who are prejudiced against one social group also tend to be prejudiced against other social groups—they show generalized prejudice. Many scholars have noted parallels between the exploitation and marginalization of certain social groups (e.g., racism) and the treatment of non-human animals (i.e., speciesism), suggesting that generalized prejudice may even extend across species lines. Two studies tested this hypothesis using large and demographically diverse participant samples and different operationalizations of human-directed and animal-directed prejudice. Study 1 (56,759 participants from 46 European countries) revealed a positive association between prejudice and human supremacy beliefs, a key feature of a speciesist belief system. Study 2 (1,566 Dutch participants) revealed positive associations between prejudice and a host of attitudes, beliefs, emotional responses, and behaviors related to the devaluation of animals. These findings support recent theorizing on the common psychological roots of human-directed and animal-directed prejudice and attest to the generality of generalized prejudice.
The role of talking faces in infant language learning: Mind the gap between screen-based settings and real-life communicative interactions
Authors: Birules Joan , Goupil Louise , Josse Jérémie , Fort Mathilde
Published: July 2023

In the last few decades, developmental (psycho)linguists have demonstrated that perceiving talking faces audio-visually is important for early language acquisition. Using mostly well-controlled and screen-based laboratory approaches, this line of research has shown that paying attention to talking faces is likely to be one of the powerful strategies infants use to learn their native(s) language(s). In this review, we combine the evidence from these screen-based studies with another line of research that has studied how infants learn novel words and deploy their attention during naturalistic play. In our view, this is an important step to develop an integrated account on infants’ effective use of talkers’ faces during early language learning. We then identify three factors that have been understudied so far, despite the fact that they are likely to have an important impact on how infants deploy their attention (or not) towards talking faces: social contingency, speaker characteristics and task- dependencies. Last, we propose ideas to address these issues in future research, with the aim to reduce the existing gap between current experimental studies and how infants effectively use and rely upon talking faces in their real-life language environment.
A Delphi study to strengthen research methods training in undergraduate psychology programmes
Authors: Thibault Robert T. , Bailey-Rodriguez Deborah , Bartlett James Edward , Blazey Paul , Green Robin J. , Pownall Madeleine , Munafo Marcus Robert
Published: July 2023

Psychology programmes often emphasise inferential statistical tests over a solid understanding of data and research design. This imbalance may leave graduates under-equipped to effectively interpret research and employ data to answer questions. We conducted a two-round modified-Delphi to identify the research methods skills that the UK psychology community deems essential for undergraduates to learn. Participants included 103 research methods instructors, academics, students, and non-academic psychologists. Of 78 items included in the consensus process, 34 reached consensus. We coupled these results with a qualitative analysis of 707 open-ended text responses to develop nine recommendations for organisations that accredit undergraduate psychology programmes—such as the British Psychological Society (BPS). We recommend that accreditation standards emphasise (1) data skills, (2) research design, (3) descriptive statistics, (4) critical analysis, (5) qualitative methods, and (6) both parameter estimation and significance testing; as well as (7) give precedence to foundational skills, (8) promote transferable skills, and (9) create space in curricula to enable these recommendations. Our data and findings can inform modernised accreditation standards to include clearly-defined, assessable, and widely-encouraged skills that foster a competent graduate body for the contemporary world.
Three methods that advance tests of complex psychological theory using structural equation models.
Authors: Nivard Michel Guillaume , Tamimy Zenab , Dolan Conor V.
Published: July 2023

Theories of psychological constructs like personality, pathology, or cognition, give rise to models that implicitly or explicitly impose a causal structure on mental processes. As there are rarely feasible ways to experimentally isolate and/or individually manipulate psychological variables, evaluating these causal structures is challenging. Competing causal theories, like latent variable and network theories, of psychological constructs are often evaluated based on correlational data, which rarely provide satisfactory conclusions on their relative merits. We discuss three methods that can improve our collective ability to distinguish between models derived from competing theories of psychological constructs. These methods significantly expand the set of models that are empirically identified in structural equation models (SEM) by respectively implementing penalized instrumental variable regression, modeled heteroskedasticity and modeled non-normality. To ease their application in psychological sciences we reformulate all three methods into SEMs. Once formulated as a SEMs, the core identification strategies can readily be adapted to the context of models applied widely in psychological science like growth-, (intense) longitudinal-, multivariate- or measurement-models.
Publication Bias in Psychology: A Closer Look at the Correlation Between Sample Size and Effect Size
Authors: Linden Audrey Helen , Pollet Thomas Victor , Hönekopp Johannes
Published: July 2023

Previously observed negative correlations between sample size and effect size (n-ES correlation) in psychological research have been interpreted as evidence for publication bias and related undesirable biases. Here, we present two studies aimed at better understanding to what extent negative n-ES correlations reflect such biases or might be explained by unproblematic adjustments of sample size to expected effect sizes. In Study 1, we analysed n-ES correlations in 150 meta-analyses from cognitive, organizational, and social psychology and in 57 multiple replications, which are free from relevant biases. In Study 2, we used a random sample of 160 psychology papers to compare the n-ES correlation for effects that are central to these papers and effects selected at random from these papers. n-ES correlations proved inconspicuous in meta-analyses. In line with previous research, they do not suggest that publication bias and related biases have a strong impact on meta-analyses in psychology. A much higher n-ES correlation emerged for publications’ focal effects. To what extent this should be attributed to publication bias and related biases remains unclear.
Can Large Language Models (LLM) label topics from a topic model?
Authors: Li Dai , Zhang Bolun , Zhou Yimang
Published: July 2023

ChatGPT is a general application based on a Large Language Model (LLM) developed by OpenAI. It is useful in many tasks in Natural Language Processing (NLP). As NLP tasks are prevalent in the practice of social science, ChatGPT is potentially a significant tool for social science. This study puts its focus on Topic Modeling, especially whether ChatGPT can generate convincing labels for topics. We sampled articles published in English sociological journals that use Topic Modeling, extracted the terms of topics and their labels, and asked Amazon Mechanic Turk users to choose between the original labels and ChatGPT labels via an online survey platform. The results show that general users do not significantly choose original labels more often; on the contrary, ChatGPT labels are more likely to be prefered in most labels. This indicates that ChatGPT can be used in generating labels for topics as heuristics for researchers.
A Review of Russian-language Academic Literature on University Rankings with an Overview of Global Perspective
Authors: Kochetkov Dmitry
Published: July 2023

This year marks 10 years since the start of the Project 5-100. The key goal of the project was the entry of five Russian universities into the top 100 of global university rankings; respectively, the rankings have firmly entered the Russian academic and public discourses. This article is aimed at answering the question of how university rankings are interpreted in Russia. We conducted a rigorous peer review of Russian-language academic literature. This part of Russian academic discourse is usually closed for international readership. We have reviewed 61 relevant articles and concluded that most Russian authors consider rankings in terms of competitiveness. Ranking methodology and interpretation are taken uncritically in this case. The review was also supplemented by a brief overview of global perspective based on major statements in responsible research evaluation. This part of the literature suggests that university rankings should not be used in research evaluation. However, it is still not the case, unfortunately.
Global Demand for Energy and Fossil Fuels in 2045, with Consequent CO2 Emissions.
Authors: Blaber Richard Michael
Published: July 2023

This paper examines the issue of forecast global energy demand to 2045, on the basis of the expected growth in the global economy, and the consequent demand in that year for fossil fuels, on the basis of the percentage of energy demand being met by them at that time, assuming growth in the supply of renewable energy between now and then, and calculates the amount of carbon dioxide that will be added to the atmosphere by the burning of those fossil fuels in 2045, showing that they render any hope of keeping global warming below the Paris Agreement target of 2°C utterly impossible.