bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlates of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among the forcibly displaced: evidence from Libya
Authors: Achore Meshack
Published: May 2024

Background

Vaccine hesitancy and refusal can hinder the control of infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although forcibly displaced individuals are at high risk of contracting COVID-19, evidence shows that they are less likely to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. Given their predicament, the factors influencing vaccine uptake in the general population might differ vastly from those in displaced populations. Given the limited evidence on vaccine uptake from humanitarian settings, the current study examined the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among the forcibly displaced in Libya.

Methods

Data were extracted from the World Bank/United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) microdata repository. Data were collected between April and July 2021 after the rollout of the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine in Libya. Percentages, means, and standard deviations were used to quantify the distribution of the sample population. Logistic regression models were employed to identify factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine uptake.

Results

Odds ratios (ORs) with p values are used to present the regression analysis results. The study revealed that people unaffected by COVID-19 were less likely (OR = .71, 95%CI = 0.67–0.89) to accept the vaccine. Similarly, individuals with access to free COVID-19 vaccines were more likely to be vaccinated than those without free vaccines (OR = 38, 95%CI = 0.19–0.28). Finally, the results indicated that individuals were six times more likely to be vaccinated at mass vaccination sites ((OR = 6.31, 95%CI = 5.46- 7.94) and 1.92 times more likely to be vaccinated at local health centers (OR = 1.92, 95%CI = 0.1.72–3.11) than they were at hospitals and distant health facilities.

Conclusion

Implementing comprehensive mass vaccination venues, public education initiatives, and awareness campaigns regarding the importance of vaccination can decrease vaccine hesitancy among the forcibly displaced.
Effect of rice hull biochar treatment on net ecosystem carbon budget and greenhouse gas emissions in Chinese cabbage cultivation on infertile soil
Authors: Park Do-Gyun , Jeong Hyeon-Cheol , Jang Eun-Bin , Lee Jong-Mun , Lee Hyoung-Seok , Park Hye-Ran , Lee Sun-Il , Park Do-Gyun , Jang Eun-Bin , Oh Taek-Keun
Published: May 2024

Biochar, with its potential to enhance soil fertility, sequester carbon, boost crop yields and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, offers a solution. Addressing the challenges posed by climate change is crucial for food security and agriculture. However, its widespread adoption in agriculture remains in its infancy. This study assessed the effects of rice hull biochar on cabbage production and greenhouse gas emissions, especially nitrous oxide (N2O). A trial, employing a randomized block design in triplicate was conducted from September 13 to November 23, 2022, where "Cheongomabi" cabbage was cultivated with N-P2O5-K2O fertilization at 32$$-$$
-
7.8$$-$$
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19.8 kg 10a−1. Additional fertilizer was applied twice post-sowing. The Biochar application rates were control = 0 ton ha−1, B1 = 1 ton ha−1, B3 = 3 ton ha−1, and B5 = 5 ton ha−1. The aboveground biomass of autumn cabbage harvested 82 days after sowing was 2.40–2.70 kg plant−1 in the control and biochar treatments (B1, B3, and B5), with no significant differences (p > 0.05). Cumulative CO2 emissions during cultivation varied across treatment groups, with initial and cumulative emissions of 10.40–17.94 g m−2 day−1 and 3.63–4.43 ton ha−1, respectively. N2O emissions decreased with higher biochar application: reductions of 2.9%, 25.4%, and 41.1% in the B1, B3, and B5 treatments, respectively, compared to the control. The biochar application had no significant impact on yield but curbed soil emissions, Net ecosystem carbon balance during cabbage cultivation ranged from 0.42 to 3.41 ton ha−1 for the B1, B3, and B5 treatments, respectively, compared to control. Overall, the study underscores biochar’s role in mitigating emissions and boosting soil carbon during cabbage cultivation in fall.
Professional learning activity in and of teacher teams: multilevel assessment of how transformational leadership, goal interdependence, and collective efficacy affect information sharing
Authors: Oude Groote Beverborg Arnoud
Published: May 2024

Engaging in learning with colleagues is paramount for teachers to enhance students’ learning. To be effective and sustainable, it requires engagement both by individual teachers as well as whole teams. Surprisingly however, research examining learning activity as a characteristic of individuals in teams and a property of teams, as well as their antecedents on both levels, is still scarce. This study examined how perceptions of transformational leadership, as mediated by goal interdependence and collective-efficacy, facilitate teachers’ engagement in information sharing, and whether effects are similar for individuals and teams. Questionnaire data were analyzed using multilevel structural equation modelling. Results showed that individual engagement in information sharing and individuals’ perceptions of goal interdependence were directly impacted by transformational leadership practices. Information sharing of teams, and collective efficacy, were impacted by consistent perceptions of goal interdependence. Teachers shape their learning amongst themselves in teams, with individual support from their leader.
Study on the photodegradation behaviors of thermal-aged silk
Authors: Gong Yuxuan , Zhou Guangzhao , Qiao Chengquan , Pan Yongkang
Published: May 2024

In museums, silk cultural relics are highly sensitive to light. However, lighting is inevitable due to the exhibition needs, despite any light would pose irreversible damage to silk. Although the solution of eliminating UV radiation was widely achieved in museum lighting environment, long-time accumulation of other light sources still would induce photodegradation of silk. This work therefore established the simulated light ageing experiments to assess the degradation behaviors of silk samples with different ageing degrees. The variation of color values and structure transformation of each sample group were determined by the means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), colorimeter, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 13C CPMAS NMR. The results indicated that silk samples with different initial ageing degrees presented different discoloration tendency and structural variation in experimental lighting environment, suggesting the higher disordered structure makes the silk more vulnerable to light damage. It is of great significance to understand the long-time impacts of illumination on degraded silk and further provide methodology for predicting the duration of exhibited silk cultural relics.
Laboratory exploration of a novel method to protect silicate relics against salt efflorescence by directional induction of water
Authors: Li Qiang , Gao Ge , Yang Longkang , Huang Xiao , Luo Hongjie
Published: May 2024

Salt efflorescence is one of the critical problems for the preservation of immovable silicate relics. Salt efflorescence mainly comes from continuous cycles of crystallization/dissolution or hydration/dehydration of salts in confined pores in silicate relics. Many protocols have been developed in attempts to alleviate possible salt damages with minor success because of endless water and salt feed from underground. In this study, we propose and design a novel technique for salt damage prevention and protection of immovable relics. Materials with higher water-absorbing ability than matrix are applied to control the water and salt migration direction in simulated sand samples. The distribution of moisture content on the surface of sand is followed by hyperspectral imaging. It appears that water and salt molecules will preferentially transport towards positions containing higher water-absorbing material. Both organic and inorganic high water-absorbing materials show effective in controlling the water and salt migration direction, which provides a new approach for the prevention and protection of salt efflorescence in silicate cultural relics.
Examination of shallow and deep S-wave velocity structures from microtremor array measurements and receiver function analysis at strong-motion stations in Kathmandu basin, Nepal
Authors: Shigefuji Michiko , Takai Nobuo , Bijukchhen Subeg Man , Timsina Chintan , Bhattarai Mukunda
Published: May 2024

The Himalayan collision zone, where the Indian Plate subducts beneath the Eurasian Plate at a low angle, has caused many devastating earthquakes. The Kathmandu basin, situated in this region, is surrounded by mountains on all sides and is filled with distinct soft lake sediments with a highly undulating bedrock topography. The basin has been experiencing rapid urbanization, and the growing population in its major cities has increased the vulnerability to seismic risk during future earthquakes. Several strong-motion stations have recently been deployed in the Kathmandu basin. It is expected that the data captured by this strong-motion station array will further enhance our understanding of site amplification in sedimentary basins. Clear P-to-S converted waves have been observed in the strong-motion records. In this study, we investigate the medium boundary that generated these converted waves. First, we estimate the shallow velocity structures, which correspond to the topographic slopes or surface geology, beneath the strong-motion stations. We then apply a receiver function analysis to the strong-motion records. The receiver function indicates that the interface between the soft sediment and seismic bedrock serves as a boundary that generates converted waves. The obtained results can be used for tuning three-dimensional velocity structures.

Graphical Abstract
Laparoscopic transabdominal approach for resection of presacral epidermoid cyst in an obese man: a case report
Authors: Yoshida Naohiro , Nakamura Koki , Shigaki Takahiro , Fujiyoshi Kenji , Koushi Kenichi , Yoshida Takefumi , Isobe Taro , Mori Naoki , Sudo Tomoya , Sakai Hisamune , Hisaka Toru , Ishibashi Nobuya , Akiba Jun , Fujita Fumihiko
Published: May 2024

Background

Complete resection of presacral epidermoid cysts is recommended due to the potential for infection or malignancy. Transsacral and transabdominal approaches have been used to treat presacral tumors. However, there are no standard surgical approaches to resection. We present the case of a presacral epidermoid cyst in an obese male patient who underwent laparoscopic transabdominal resection.

Case presentation

A 44-year-old man was referred to our hospital for treatment of a cystic tumor on the pelvic floor. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a 45 × 40-mm tumor on the left ventral side of the rectum, right side of the ischial spine, dorsal side of the seminal vesicles, and in front of the 5th sacrum. Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed a multilocular cystic tumor with high and low signal intensities on T2-weighted images. The tumor was diagnosed as an epidermoid cyst. We considered the transsacral or laparoscopic approach and decided to perform a laparoscopic-assisted transabdominal resection since the tumor was in front of away from the sacrum, and a transsacral approach would result in a larger scar due to poor visibility from the thickness of the buttocks. The entire tumor was safely resected under laparoscopic guidance, because the laparoscopic transabdominal approach can provide a good and magnified field of view even in a narrow pelvic cavity with small skin incisions, allowing safe resection of the pelvic organs, vessels, and nerves while observing the tumor contour.

Conclusions

The laparoscopic transabdominal approach is an effective method for treating presacral tumors in obese patients.
Dislocation-precipitate interactions in crystals: from the BKS model to collective dislocation dynamics
Authors: Laurson Lasse , Alava Mikko J.
Published: May 2024

The increase in the yield stress due to the presence of obstacles to dislocation motion such as precipitates is a multiscale phenomenon. The details on the nanoscale when an individual dislocation runs into a precipitate play an important role in determining plasticity on a macroscopic scale. The classical analysis of this phenomenon is due to Bacon, Kocks and Scattergood (BKS) from early 1970’s and has been followed by a large body of work both developing the theory and applying it to real experiments and their understanding. Beyond the microscopic details the next level of complexity is met in the micrometer scale when the physics of the yielding and the yield stress depend on two mechanisms: the dislocation-precipitate interaction, and the collective dynamics of the whole ensemble of dislocations in the volume. In this review we discuss the BKS relation and collective dislocation dynamics in precipitation-hardened crystals in the light of recent research, including large-scale discrete dislocation dynamics simulations, statistical physics ideas, and machine learning developments.
Effect of dietary seaweed Caulerpa racemosa on growth, biochemical, non-specific immunity, and disease resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Cirrhinus mrigala
Authors: Ragunath Cholaraj , Ramasubramanian Venkatachalam
Published: May 2024

Background

The green seaweed Caulerpa racemosa possesses highly potential elements in animal forages and human use since ancient times. The current study was designed to investigate the antioxidants, phytochemical properties of C. racemosa, as well as their effects on growth parameters, biochemical components, non-specific immunological parameters, and disease resistance to P. aeruginosa in Cirrhinus mrigala. The experimental group, divided into five groups as T1–T5. T2–T5, was given C. racemosa extract at concentrations of 0.5%, 2.5%, 4.5%, & 6.5% supplemented with basal diets. T1's group food is devoid of extract and acts as a control, and the trial lasted forty-five days.

Results

C. racemosa exhibited dose-dependent antioxidant activity. The highest levels of DPPH (61.21%), ABTS (70.55%), and H2O2 (66.55%) scavenging activities were obtained at 100 µg/ml 100 μg/ml. GC–MS analysis revealed phytoconstituents in the crude extract, such as palmitolinoleic acid, butanoic acid, arachidonate, linoleic acid, vaccenic acid, octadecenoic acid, trans-phytol, and eicosanoids. Among these different concentrations, 4.5% C. racemosa supplemented diet produced a significantly higher growth metrics of C. mrigala’s (WG, SGR, FCR), biochemical constituents, when compared to other concentrations. In a post-challenge trial, 4.5% C. racemosa extract meals increased C. mrigala SOD, CAT, non-specific immune response (lysozyme, NBT, phagocytic activity), and haematological (RBC, WBC, HCT & Hb) parameters when compared to other experiments.

Conclusions

The findings revealed that 4.5% of C. racemosa may be supplied in the diet of C. mrigala to regulate better survival growth performance and haematological parameters.
Impacts of inter-satellite links on the ECOM model performance for BDS-3 MEO satellites
Authors: Yang Chao , Guo Jing , Xu Xiaolong , Wang Longyu , Zhao Qile
Published: May 2024

Inter-satellite link (ISL) plays an essential role in current and future Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). In this study, we investigate the impact of ISL observations on precise orbit determination for BeiDou-3 Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3) Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites based on different Extended CODE Orbit Models (ECOM). Thanks to the better observation geometry of the Ka-band ISL data compared to the L-band data for BDS-3 MEO satellites, the ISL solution substantially reduces Orbit Boundary Discontinuity (OBD) errors, except for C30, which suffers from unstable Ka-band hardware delay. From the external quality analysis, ISL significantly enhances the reliability of the orbit of MEO satellites manufactured by the China Academy of Space Technology (CAST). The standard deviation (STD) of the satellite laser ranging (SLR) residuals is approximately 2.5 cm, and the root mean square (RMS) is reduced by 10–23% compared to L-band solutions. Besides, the Sun-elongation angle dependent systematic error in SLR residuals nearly vanishes based on the reduced 5-parameter ECOM (ECOM1) or extended 7-parameter ECOM (ECOM2) with ISL data. This is because the ISL reduces the correlation between state parameters and solar radiation pressure (SRP) parameters as well as those among SRP parameters, leading to a more accurate estimation of both orbit and SRP perturbations, particularly those alongBdirection. This confirms that the deficiency of the SRP models for BDS-3 CAST satellites can be compensated by using better observation geometry from ISL data. On the other hand, for the satellite manufactured by Shanghai Engineering Center for Microsatellites (SECM), the ISL allows for a more accurate estimation of theBc1parameter in the ECOM1 model. This only reduces linear systematic error, possibly because the impact generated by the satellite bus cannot be entirely absorbed by theB-direction parameters.
Validity of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the breast versus diffusion-weighted imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy in predicting the malignant nature of non-mass enhancement lesions
Authors: Bayoumi Dalia , Shokeir Farah Ahmed , Karam Rasha , Elboghdady Aya
Published: May 2024

Background

Breast cancer is the commonest cancer affecting women worldwide. So, it is important to accurately detect and classify different breast lesions. Noninvasive methods for tissue characterization have increased interest, particularly for early diagnosis. Non-mass enhancement (NME) breast lesions are described in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as the presence of enhancement without space-occupying lesions. Several studies have described that certain characteristics can be used as new indicators of malignancy in breast NME lesions. We aimed to study the role of multiparametric-MRI (Mp-MRI) as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in assessment of NME lesions and to suggest which one offers the greatest diagnostic accuracy.

Methods

This retrospective study was conducted from March 2017 to December 2023 on 220 NME breast lesions. All lesions were analyzed to study the features of benign and malignant NME lesions using different MRI techniques including dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), DWI, and MRS. Breast MRI was performed at 1.5 Tesla, findings were correlated with histopathological results of all cases.

Results

Patients’ mean age was 46.56 years with 220 NME breast lesions (54 were benign and 166 were malignant). Invasive ductal carcinoma with ductal carcinoma in situ was the most malignant type representing 93 cases. We found that segmental distribution, heterogeneous enhancement, type III curve, restricted diffusion, lower apparent diffusion coefficient, and positive choline peak were more with malignancy (P = 0.008, 0.02, 0.004, 0.001, and < 0.001). We detected that Mp-MRI has higher diagnostic accuracy than DCE-MRI and combined other functional sequences (DWI, MRS), it was 91.2% with sensitivity 89.9%, specificity 87.8%, positive predictive value 89.2%, and negative predictive value 82.2%.

Conclusions

Functional MRI techniques, such as DWI and MRS, can provide helpful information in assessment of NME lesions. They have high diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in characterizing NME breast lesions as benign or malignant. However, DCE-MRI is mandatory for lesion characterization and delineation of its nature and cannot be replaced by them alone in cases of lesion visualization. So, multiparametric-MRI can improve the diagnostic accuracy of NME breast lesions when combined with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and can help in reducing negative biopsy rates.
The added value of virtual reality to parent–child interaction therapy: a qualitative study with parents and therapists
Authors: Scherpbier Iza C. A. , Abrahamse Mariëlle E. , Widdershoven Guy A. M. , Belleman Robert G. , Popma Arne , Lindauer Ramón J. L.
Published: May 2024

Background

Virtual reality (VR) is one of the most rapidly growing technological advancements being studied, developed, and implemented in mental health care. It offers a wide array of possibilities that go beyond the traditional ways of providing mental health care services. Many interventions require clients to learn new skills in order for change to occur. Relevant to this study, behavioral parent-training (BPT) interventions are focused on the acquisition of parenting skills in order to change child behavior. VR was added to the Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) – a known BPT intervention — as an additional practice tool. In the present study, which is part of a larger study, the qualitative experiences of (PCIT-)VR from both parents’ and therapists’ perspectives are evaluated, as well as their suggestions for implementation.

Method

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eleven parents. Five therapists participated in a focus group and three additional semi-structured interviews were conducted with therapists. To analyze, a combination of deductive and inductive thematic analysis was used.

Results

Responses from interviews were divided into three categories: (1) parents’ evaluation, (2) therapists’ evaluation, and (3) suggestions for implementation from both parents and therapists. Next to a positive overall experience with PCIT, a large number of parents were also positive about the addition of VR to treatment. Both parents and therapists experienced VR as a useful additional practice tool. The additional practice in VR led to a boost in confidence in using positive parenting skills. There were mixed experiences regarding the ease and immersion of the tool. Suggestions for implementation from both parents and therapists were to make the tool more appealing and realistic, to vary more in VR modules and to improve certain practical aspects.

Conclusion

Adding VR to PCIT is still a pioneering piece of technology within PCIT. The value of this VR tool lies in the provision of the possibility to practice with skills outside of the therapeutic encounter, which has the potential to instill confidence in using those skills. Given the positive experiences regarding PCIT-VR, it is important to further develop the VR tool. We believe that ultimately, PCIT-VR can potentially serve as a customized way for parents to practice what they are taught during the treatment.
The epistemic injustice of borderline personality disorder
Authors: Watts Jay
Published: May 2024

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) has been a controversial diagnosis for over 40 years. It was to be removed from the latest version of the ICD, only to be reintroduced as a trait qualifier as a result of last-minute lobbying. Retaining BPD as a de facto diagnosis keeps us stuck at a deadlock that undermines the voices of patients who have persistently told us this label adds ‘insult to injury’. Miranda Fricker's concept of epistemic injustice helps illuminate how this affects subjectivity and speech, hermeneutically sealing patients in ways of thinking that are not evidence-based, resulting in testimonial smothering (altering or withholding one's narratives) and testimonial quieting (dismissing a speaker's capacity to provide worthy testimony) that prevent more affirmative explanations.
Implementation of the World Health Organization's QualityRights initiative in Ghana: an overview
Authors: Osei Akwasi O. , Amissah Caroline , Hanu Samuel Cudjoe , Tawiah Priscilla E. , Brobbey Kwaku A. , Arthur Yaw Amankwah , Ansong Joana , Ohene Sally-Ann , Gyimah Leveana , Kofie Humphrey , Taylor Daniel , Yaro Peter Badimak , Funk Michelle , Drew Natalie , Moro Maria Francesca , Carta Mauro Giovanni , Baingana Florence Kamayonza , Kpesese Victus Kwaku , Orrell Martin , Cole Celline ,   WHO QualityRights Ghana Team
Published: May 2024

Background

Globally, human rights violations experienced by persons with psychosocial, intellectual or cognitive disabilities continue to be a concern. The World Health Organization's (WHO) QualityRights initiative presents practical remedies to address these abuses. This paper presents an overview of the implementation of the initiative in Ghana.

Aims

The main objective of the QualityRights initiative in Ghana was to train and change attitudes among a wide range of stakeholders to promote recovery and respect for human rights for people with psychosocial, intellectual and cognitive disabilities.

Method

Reports of in-person and online training, minutes of meetings and correspondence among stakeholders of the QualityRights initiative in Ghana, including activities of international collaborators, were analysed to shed light on the implementation of the project in Ghana.

Results

In-person and online e-training on mental health were conducted. At the time of writing, 40 443 people had registered for the training, 25 416 had started the training and 20 865 people had completed the training and obtained a certificate. The team conducted 27 in-person training sessions with 910 people. The successful implementation of the project is underpinned by a committed partnership among stakeholders, strong leadership from the coordinating agency, the acceptance of the initiative and the outcome. A few challenges, both in implementation and acceptance, are discussed.

Conclusions

The exposure of the WHO QualityRights initiative to a substantial number of key stakeholders involved in mental healthcare in Ghana is critical to reducing human rights abuses for people with psychosocial, intellectual and cognitive disabilities.
Ready, Set, Go: Setting Off on the Mission to Target
KRAS
in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Pellatt Andrew J. , Bhamidipati Deepak , Subbiah Vivek
Published: May 2024

Understanding the landscape of KRAS mutations in #CRC is crucial with over 2.8M annual diagnoses worldwide. Explore promising therapies and ongoing challenges in this comprehensive review. #CancerResearch #KRAS #ColorectalCancer
High AMH Levels Are Associated With Gestational Hypertension in Patients With PCOS who Underwent IVF/ICSI-ET
Authors: Zhang Menghui , Liu Shujun , Zhang Fuli , Shi Hao , Wang Fang , Chen Caihong , Yang Qingling , Dai Shanjun , Liang Yuling , Guo Yihong
Published: May 2024

Background

Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have a higher risk of obstetric complications. The association between anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and gestational hypertension in these patients is poorly understood.

Objective

To determine the association between serum AMH levels and gestational hypertension in patients with PCOS undergoing fresh embryo transfer.

Methods

This retrospective study included 649 patients with PCOS who had singleton live births after undergoing fresh embryo transfers. The association of AMH with gestational hypertension in these patients was estimated before and after propensity score matching.

Results

Patients with gestational hypertension had higher AMH levels than those without gestational hypertension. In single-factor logistic regression, the odds of gestational hypertension increased by 11.7% and 18.6% for every 1ng/mL increase in AMH before and after adjusting for confounding factors (odds ratio [OR], 1.117; 95% CI, 1.025-1.217; P = .012; adjusted OR, 1.186; 95% CI, 1.061-1.327; adjusted P = .003), respectively. The odds of gestational hypertension increased more than 100% (adjusted OR, 2.635; 95% CI, 1.132-6.137; adjusted P = .025) in the 75th percentile group (>9.30 ng/mL) and more than 3 times (adjusted OR, 4.75; 95% CI, 1.672-13.495; adjusted P = .003) in the 90th percentile group (>12.31 ng/mL) compared to the without gestational hypertension group. AMH level was still associated with gestational hypertension after propensity score matching. The area under the curve of AMH predicting gestational hypertension was 0.654 (95% CI, 0.532-0.776; P = .011) with an optimal cutoff value of 11.975 ng/mL.

Conclusion

High serum AMH level prepregnancy (especially at levels >9.30 ng/mL) indicates a high odds of gestational hypertension in patients with PCOS undergoing fresh embryo transfer.
Coexisting RET/PTC and TERT Promoter Mutation Predict Poor Prognosis but Effective RET and MEK Targeting in Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Zhang Wei , Lin Shuhuang , Wang Zhuo , Zhang Wenyong , Xing Mingzhao
Published: May 2024

Context

The role of RET/PTC rearrangement in the clinical outcomes of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is controversial and remains to be clearly undefined.

Objective

This work aimed to investigate the role of coexisting RET/PTC rearrangement and TERT promoter mutation in the prognosis and therapeutic targeting in PTC.

Methods

A total of 669 PTC patients with complete clinical follow-up and genetic data were pooled from thyroid cancer data sets TCGA-THCA, MSK-MetTropism, and MSK-IMPACT, from whom 163 patients (112 women and 47 men, 4 unknown) with wild-type (WT) BRAF/RAS were identified, with a median age (interquartile range [IQR]) of 46.00 (33.00-61.00) years and a median follow-up time (IQR) of 16.13 (8.09-27.91) months for comparative genotype cohort analysis of mortality.

Results

There was a significant concurrence index between RET/PTC and TERT promoter mutations, being 2.040 (95% CI, 1.110-3.747; P = .023). Mortality occurred in 5 of 100 (5%) patients harboring neither mutation, 2 of 18 (11.1%) patients harboring a TERT promoter mutation alone, 0 of 31 (0%) patients harboring a RET/PTC alone, and 7 of 14 (50%) patients harboring both genetic alterations, corresponding to hazard ratios (95% CI) of 1 (reference), 2.469 (0.405-14.022), 3.296e-09 (0-inf), and 9.019 (2.635-30.870), respectively, which remained essentially unchanged after adjustment for patient race, sex, and age. Similar results were observed with BRAF/RAS and TERT promoter mutations. Mechanistically, RET/PTC used the MAP kinase pathway to upregulate the mutated TERT, but not the WT TERT, and, correspondingly, targeting RET and MEK could suppress mutated TERT but not the WT TERT.

Conclusion

Coexisting RET/PTC and TERT promoter mutation identify PTC as a unique clinical entity with high mortality, providing new implications for genetic-based prognostication and potential therapeutic targeting of RET and MEK guided by RET/PTC and TERT status.
Genetic regulation of injury-induced heterotopic ossification in adult zebrafish
Authors: Kaliya-Perumal Arun-Kumar , Celik Cenk , Carney Tom J. , Harris Matthew P. , Ingham Philip W.
Published: May 2024

Heterotopic ossification is the inappropriate formation of bone in soft tissues of the body. It can manifest spontaneously in rare genetic conditions or as a response to injury, known as acquired heterotopic ossification. There are several experimental models for studying acquired heterotopic ossification from different sources of damage. However, their tenuous mechanistic relevance to the human condition, invasive and laborious nature and/or lack of amenability to chemical and genetic screens, limit their utility. To address these limitations, we developed a simple zebrafish injury model that manifests heterotopic ossification with high penetrance in response to clinically emulating injuries, as observed in human myositis ossificans traumatica. Using this model, we defined the transcriptional response to trauma, identifying differentially regulated genes. Mutant analyses revealed that an increase in the activity of the potassium channel Kcnk5b potentiates injury response, whereas loss of function of the interleukin 11 receptor paralogue (Il11ra) resulted in a drastically reduced ossification response. Based on these findings, we postulate that enhanced ionic signalling, specifically through Kcnk5b, regulates the intensity of the skeletogenic injury response, which, in part, requires immune response regulated by Il11ra.
Environmental reservoirs of multidrug-resistant pseudomonads in a geographical location in Kenya with high community-acquired infections
Authors: Mubassu Polly , Musyoki Abednego , Odoyo Erick , Kigen Collins , Musila Lillian
Published: May 2024

Background Pseudomonads are gram negative bacteria and readily form biofilms in the environment, allowing long-term colonization and persistence in sinks, water systems. They pose a risk of life-threatening opportunistic infections in immune-compromised individuals. MDR strains, make treatment increasingly difficult. Environmentally persistent MDR strains are typically problematic within healthcare facilities, however, data on MDR pseudomonad reservoirs in settings with community-acquired infections to inform preventive interventions, in resource-constrained settings is scarce. Here, we determined reservoirs and antibiotic susceptibility of Pseudomonas species in water sources in Kisumu County, Kenya with reported high levels of community acquired pseudomonad infections. Methods We adopted a cross-sectional design, randomly collecting 297 samples from tap heads, sinks, tanks, vendor and household storage containers in six selected sub-locations and one hospital (KCRH). Standard microbiological procedures were used for identification and AST of the isolates. Results We isolated Pseudomonads from 14.1% of the samples collected, predominantly from the community 10.4%. Seven different pseudomonads were identified, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa predominating 6.7% overall, in the community samples 5.7%, and among isolates from water tanks 21.4%. Pseudomonad isolates were 62% non-susceptible to piperacillin, 57% to tigecycline, 24% meropenem, 21% cefepime, 19% levofloxacin and 14% colistin. Carbapenem resistance was mainly detected in P. aeruginosa 80% (8/10) from Milimani sub-location 75% (6/8). 45% of the isolates recovered were MDR, mainly community-associated carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (CRPA) 42%, strains susceptible to colistin. The MDR pseudomonads exhibited high multiple antibiotic resistance indices, ranging from 0.43 to 1. Conclusion This study reveals a higher prevalence of MDR pseudomonads, including CRPA strains in community water sources. These potential conduits of drug resistance present a critical public health threat, especially among immunocompromised. Regular cleaning of water storage facilities, water treatment and implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs, are required to prevent a rise in AMR and eliminate the environmental reservoirs that put the vulnerable populations at risk.
The Algorithmic Assignment of Incentive Schemes
Authors: Opitz Saskia , Sliwka Dirk , Vogelsang Timo , Zimmermann Tom
Published: May 2024

The assignment of individuals with different observable characteristics to different treatments is a central question in designing optimal policies. We study this question in the context of increasing workers’ performance via targeted incentives using machine learning algorithms with worker demographics, personality traits, and preferences as input. Running two large-scale experiments, we show that (i) performance can be predicted by accurately measured worker characteristics, (ii) a machine learning algorithm can detect heterogeneity in responses to different schemes, (iii) a targeted assignment of schemes to individuals increases performance significantly above the level of the single best scheme, and (iv) algorithmic assignment is more effective for workers who have a high likelihood to repeatedly interact with the employer or who provide more consistent survey answers.

This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis.

Funding: Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy [Grant EXC 2126/1-390838866].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.03362 .
Syncope and Brugada-like ECG pattern in a patient with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
Authors: Rosyidi Muhammad Azhar , Valerinna Yogibuana Valerinna Yogibuana , Ardian Rizal Ardian Rizal
Published: May 2024

Syncope is a brief loss of consciousness caused by reduced blood flow to the brain, characterised by sudden onset, short duration and full recovery without intervention. Anamnesis, physical examination and other diagnostic tests such as laboratory analysis and electrocardiogram (ECG) can be conducted to identify the underlying cause of syncope. A Brugada pattern on an ECG in individuals with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) who have syncope symptoms may indicate cardiac issues. A 69-year-old man with hypertension and a history of smoking presented with syncope. His vital signs were within normal limits, with no signs of a neurological deficit. The patient met the diagnostic criteria for SIADH, as evidenced by the presence of hyponatraemia (Na 118 mmol/l), a hyperosmolar condition and euvolemia. Upon arrival, a twelve-lead ECG showed ST-segment anomalies that reflected a Brugada ECG pattern. No ventricular arrhythmias were detected during the 24-hour Holter monitoring. Coronary angiography revealed no abnormalities in the coronary arteries. The ECG demonstrated the normalisation of ST elevations and the disappearance of the Brugada ECG pattern after the correction of hyponatraemia. After three months of follow-up the patient, with a normal sodium level, had no episodes of syncope.
Autoimmune myelofibrosis revealing a systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Bensalek Fatimaezzahra , Joulal Hajar , Yousfi Jaouad , Zahlane Mouna , Benjilali Leila , Essaadouni Lamiaa
Published: May 2024

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease, characterised by multi-organ affections. Haematological involvement is a common manifestation of SLE, consisting of autoimmune peripheral cytopenia. Autoimmune myelofibrosis (AIMF) is a rare cause of cytopenia in SLE; it could precede or be concurrent with the diagnosis of SLE. There are few studies that describe this association. Case description: We report a case of AIMF revealing the diagnosis of SLE in a 34-year-old female, presented with episodes of gingival bleeding associated with peripheral inflammatory polyarthralgia, photosensitivity and deterioration of general condition. Clinical examination revealed a soft pitting oedema in the lower limbs. Laboratory investigations showed a pancytopenia, inflammatory biological syndrome, with positive 24-hour proteinuria and anti-native DNA antibodies. A bone marrow biopsy showed diffuse myelofibrosis associated with maturation disorders and no tumour infiltrate. Renal biopsy revealed proliferative glomerulonephritis class III with immune deposits. Conclusion: The association of AIMF with SLE has been rarely reported, and it could be another cause for cytopenia in SLE.
Left anterior descending coronary T-wave inversion pattern (Wellens’ syndrome) associated with myopericarditis and a normal left coronary artery
Authors: Bhagia Geeta , Hussain Nasir , Arty Fnu , Farah Victor , Biederman Robert
Published: May 2024

Background: Wellens’ syndrome is characterised by a history of chest pain with an abnormal electrocardiogram (EKG), demonstrating biphasic or deeply inverted T waves in leads V2–3 (may extend to involve all precordial and lateral limb leads – the type B Wellens’ pattern). A Wellens’ EKG pattern is considered highly specific for critical stenosis involving the ostial/proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD). However, there are no reported cases of an association of a Wellens’ EKG pattern with myopericarditis. Here, we present such a rare case. Case description: A thirty-one-year-old female with known essential hypertension and psoriatic arthritis presented with a constant, central chest pain radiating to the shoulders and back. The patient’s physical examination was unremarkable at presentation other than elevated blood pressure at 170/68 mmHg. An EKG at presentation demonstrated deep symmetric T-wave inversions in anterolateral leads with elevated high-sensitivity troponin, and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The patient was referred to the cardiac catheterisation laboratory for concerns of a Wellens’ EKG pattern; however, invasive angiography demonstrated only obtuse marginal branch disease – no LAD disease was noted. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging confirmed the diagnosis of myopericarditis and absence of myocardial infarction. The patient was medically managed and discharged home in a stable condition. Conclusion: In literature and established clinical practice, the Wellens’ EKG pattern is considered highly concerning for critical ostial/proximal LAD stenosis. However, we now propose that myopericarditis may be considered in a differential diagnosis for this EKG pattern.
Antibiotic prescribing
Authors: Robertson Deborah
Published: May 2024

Deborah Robertson provides an overview of recently published articles that may be of interest to non-medical prescribers. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided
A–Z of prescribing for children
Authors: Davies Kate
Published: May 2024

This series focuses on aspects of prescribing for neonates, children and young people, from A–Z. Aspects of pharmacokinetics will be considered, alongside legal considerations, consent and medications in schools
Making clinical consultations inclusive for people with learning disabilities
Authors: Roberts Rachel , Parfitt Lou , Green Nathan , Hilliar Kate , Watkins Olivia , Coleman Lucy , Martin Peter , Kane Tom , Avery Shaun , Martin Linda , Powell Chloe , Clarke Terri , Moreno-Chamorro Deborah , Maunder-Buller Frances , Berrou Ilhem
Published: May 2024

People with learning disabilities, autism or both (PWLDA) are severely impacted by health inequalities. Health professionals report a lack of confidence and competence when communicating with PWLDA, often leading to over-prescribing medicines and poor-quality care. This article describes a collaboration between a university and the Adventurers, a group of PWLDA, to co-produce communication training as part of a prescribing training programme. Over 800 prescribers reported improved communication skills with PWLDA. The project increased the group's understanding of the healthcare system and appreciation of the power of their voice in shaping their care. The co-production model is now being adopted wider within the university. The Adventurers went on to co-design services and research studies with other organisations and, as a result, won a regional south-west co-production award.
Effect of Mn Dopant on Structural and Optical Properties of Nife2 o4 Nanoparticles Synthesized by Autocombustion Method
Authors: Shelar M. B. , Patil K. M. , Nalugade S. K. , Chavan V. R. , Jadhav R. M. , Kore M. S. , Gaikwad A. V.
Published: May 2024

The work is done on the Structural and optical properties of Manganese doped nickel nano ferrites prepared by auto route. The manganese is doped in nickel (Mn-Ni) mixed nano ferrites MnxNi1-xFe2O4 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) have been synthesized by a simple auto combustion route. The cubic spinel structure were confined by using X- ray Diffraction for MnxNi1-xFe2O4 nano ferrite particles which shows favored positioning along with (311) direction. However, size of crystal increases from 20 nm to 26.38 nm increase in Mn content. The optical properties were examined by means of UV-visible absorption spectroscopy observed from 200 to 800 nm. Using the absorption spectra and Tauc’s relation, the band gap was calculated and varies between 3.57 and 3.80 eV. The significant decline in the optical band gap was calculated with increasing manganese Composition from 3.80ev to 3.57 eV up to Mn=0.6, The further increase due to preparative crystallinity defects in composition from 3.67eV to 3.70 eV shows tunability of the optical band gap varying the concentration of Mn in nano ferrites. The present nanoparticles with variable narrow band gap may find applications in photocatalysis to increase the efficiency of photocatalytic reactions.
Nanocellulose-Phenol Formaldehyde Adhesive System for Engineered Wood Products: Review
Authors: Naghizadeh Zahra , Iglesias Maria C. , Bello Fatimatu , McDonald Armando G. , Via Brian K. , Maughan Michael R. , Peresin Maria S.
Published: May 2024

Incorporating cellulose nanomaterials into wood adhesives has recently been considered for improving sustainability within wood composite panels. The role of nanocellulose in such an application is mainly determined by nanocellulose dimension, form, morphological and physicochemical properties, characteristics of an adhesive system, and chemical interaction of nanocellulose and adhesive, as well as the dispersion and the orientation of nanomaterials in the polymeric matrix of adhesive. Phenol formaldehyde (PF) adhesives have been extensively used in engineered wood products for decades, and concerns about their brittleness led to continued research efforts for modifying the resin. Recently, the developments in the bio-economy and the nanocellulose industry provided new possibilities for PF adhesive modification and its structural reinforcement with a renewable, biodegradable, abundant, and mechanically strengthened resource. This paper aims to review and demonstrate the available research on the development of nanocellulose-reinforced PF as an adhesive matrix for engineered wood products, in particular, plywood, particleboard, and oriented strand board.
Linked lives: intergenerational transmission of labour-market pathways between parent dyads and children
Authors: Brydsten Anna , Kalucza Sara
Published: May 2024

While a vast number of studies confirm the transmission of labour-market disadvantages from one generation to the next, less is known about how parents’ interconnected labour-market pathways co-evolve and shape the opportunities and obstacles for their children’s future careers. This study uses a multidimensional view of intergenerational transmission by describing the most typical pathways of parents’ occupational careers and assesses how these patterns are associated with their children’s labour-market outcomes. Drawing on Swedish longitudinal register data, we used multichannel sequence analysis to follow a cohort of people born in 1985 (n = 72,409) and their parents across 26 years. We identified four parental earning models, differentiating between (1) dual earners with high wages, (2) dual earners with low-wage, (3) one-and-a-half-earners and (4) mother as the main breadwinner. Regression analysis shows strong intergenerational transmission among the most advantageous trajectories, with education as a key determinant for young people to become less dependent on family resources. This study stresses the importance of intra-couple perspectives in life course research to understand how inequalities are shaped and preserved across generations.