bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uji Sifat Fisik dan Organoleptik Biskuit Pakan Kelinci Berbasis Limbah Organik dengan Perekat yang Berbeda
Authors: Akbar Mubarak , Rokana Efi , Zaeni Agus
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sifat fisik biskuit pakan kelinci berbasis limbah organik dengan perekat yang berbeda. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen laboratorium dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 6 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah P1: Perekat molases 5%, P2: Perekat molases 10%, P3: Perekat tepung tapioka 5%, P4: Perekat tepung tapioka 10%, P5: Perekat tepung gaplek 5%, P6: Perekat tepung gaplek 10%. Variabel yang diamati meliputi organoleptik, daya serap air, kerapatan dan ketahanan terhadap benturan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perekat molases P2 memperoleh skor warna (3,75) dan aroma (4,00) yang lebih tinggi (P≤0,05) dibanding perekat lain. Tepung tapioka sebagai perekat (P4) memiliki tekstur biskuit yang lebih kompak (4,50) dibandingkan perlakuan lain sedangkan kepadatan pada biskuit dengan berbagai perekat yang digunakan tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata (P≥0,05). Daya serap air berkisar antara 83,81% sampai dengan 114,92% juga tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata (P≥0,05). Kerapatan dan ketahanan biskuit terhadap benturan menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata diantara perekat yang berbeda (P≤0,05). Kerapatan tertinggi terdapat pada P4 yaitu 0,44 g/cm3 sedangkan ketahanan benturan dimiliki oleh P6 dan P2 yaitu 94,56% dan 92,23% secara berurutan. Kesimpulan perekat molases memiliki skor organoleptik dan ketahanan benturan lebih baik dibandingkan perekat yang lain.  (Physical test and organoleptic of rabbit feed biscuit based on organic waste with different binding agent) ABSTRAK. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical properties of organic waste-based rabbit feed biscuits with different binding agent. The method used is a lab experiment method with 6 treatments and 4 replications. Factor P = Binding agents, The treatments were P1: 5% molasses, P2: 10% molasses, P3: 5% tapioca flour, P4: 10% tapioca flour, P5: 5% cassava flour, P6: 10% cassava flour. Variables observed were organoleptic, water absorption, density and impact resistance. The results showed that the P2 obtained a higher color score (3.75) and aroma (4.00) (P≤0.05) than other as binding agents. Tapioca flour P4 performed more compact biscuit texture (4.50) than other treatments, while the density of all binders did not show a significant difference (P≥0.05). Water absorption ranged from 83.81% to 114.92% also did not show a significant difference (P≥0.05). The density and resistance of biscuits to impact showed significant differences between different binders (P≤0.05). The highest density is found in P4 which is 0.44 g/cm3 while the impact resistance is owned by P6 and P2 which is 94.56% and 92.23%, respectively. Based on results, it can be concluded molasses binder has better organoleptic score and impact resistance than other binders.
Pertumbuhan, Produksi dan Kualitas Nutrisi Tiga Spesies Leguminosa Pohon di Dataran Rendah Sei Putih
Authors: Sirait Juniar , Hutasoit Rijanto , Simanihuruk Kiston
Published: December 2023

ABSTRAK. Keberhasilan pemeliharaan ternak ruminansia sangat ditentukan oleh ketersediaan pakan, utamanya hijauan. Dilaksanakan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk membandingkan pertumbuhan dan produksi tiga spesies leguminosa: Indigofera zollingeriana, Leucaena leucocephala dan Gliricidia sepium dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) terdiri atas tiga perlakuan (spesies leguminosa) dan masing-masing 4 ulangan. Data yang diamati mencakup pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi, jumlah cabang, lebar daun); produksi segar (total, batang, daun, rasio daun/batang) sebanyak tiga kali pemotongan serta kandungan nutrisi (bahan kering, protein kasar, bahan organik, NDF, ADF, energi kasar) untuk dua kali pemanenan. Data pertumbuhan diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan regresi linier, sedang data produksi total dan kandungan PK diolah dengan analisis keragaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan diantara ketiga spesies leguminosa pohon tersebut Indigofera zollingeriana adalah yang terbaik ditinjau dari aspek produksi dan kualitas nutrisi. Rataan produksi (1.643 g/phn/panen) dan kandungan protein kasar (23,26%) spesies I. zollingeriana nyata lebih tinggi dibanding L. leucocephala dan G. sepium. (Growth, Production and Nutritional Quality of Three Tree Leguminosa Species in the Sei Putih Lowland)  ABSTRACT. The success of raising ruminants is largely determined by the availability of feed, especially forage. A study was conducted aimed at comparing the growth and production of three species of legumes: Indigofera zollingeriana, Leucaena leucocephala and Gliricidia sepium at a complete randomized design with three treatments (species of tree leguminosae) and 4 replications. The data observed included plant growth (height, number of branches, leaf width); fresh production (total, stem, leaf, leaf/stem ratio) for three cuts and nutrient content (dry matter, crude protein, organic matter, NDF, ADF, crude energy) for two harvests. Plant growth data were analysed by linear regression, while production total and crude protein content were analysed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that among the three species of tree legumes, Indigofera zollingeriana was the best in terms of production and nutritional quality. Average production (1,643 g/tree/defoliation) and crude protein content (23.26%) of I. zollingeriana significantly higher than L. leucocephala and G. sepium.
Apostola apostolorum – Mary Magdalene according to St. Thomas Aquinas
Authors: Bolinhas Maria Inês
Published: December 2023

In 2016, partially recovering its old status of Festum Duplex I Classis, the liturgical celebration of Mary Magdalene was reassigned into Feast, because of her crucial role in announcing the resurrection of Christ to the apostles, becoming, therefore, their own apostle. The designation apostola apostolorum is literally found in Saint Thomas Aquinas. Pursuing a better knowledge of Mary Magdalene, we focus our analysis on chapter 20 of Super Evangelium S. Ioannis lectura, written by the Dominican Master. We follow John’s narrative through the pen of Saint Thomas and examine several scenes: the empty sepulchre, the run to Peter and John (and their run to the grave), the sadness, the dialogue with the angels and with the hypothetical gardener and, last, the mission assigned to her by Jesus Christ. We also explain Aquinas’ difficulties in connecting the biblical text with the biological status of woman in Aristotelian biology. Finally, we clarify why Aquinas states that the strength of Magdalene surpasses the strength of the disciples and presents her as a role model.
Do sertão do brabo à cidade. Obediência e liberdade, ousadia, coragem e a metafísica da vontade em O Sargento Getúlio
Authors: Sperber Suzi Frankl
Published: December 2023

Innovative novel-monologue due to its language, structure and revision of the figure of the militia gunman, Sergeant Getúlio brings together rural and urban aspects. Violent, cruel, dominated by the politician who elevated him to the status of sergeant, Getúlio fulfills his role: taking Paulo Afonso’s prisoner to Barra de Coqueiros. The narrative is a Bildungsroman, as Getúlio – invisible since the beginning – discovers and ends up asserting his identity – and freedom, which costs him his life. Or: the Author informs that it is an aretê story. Our task is to understand, verify and explain the nobility, moderation and self-control of a rude, extremely violent henchman – and how this is explained in the socio-economic context of Brazilian colonization and domination. The notion of Metaphysics of Will, a concept by Schopenhauer, helps us.
Unlocking PHP's Potential: An All-Inclusive Approach to Server-Side Scripting
Authors: Deming Chunhua , Baddam Parikshith Reddy , Vadiyala Vishal Reddy
Published: December 2023

PHP powers many dynamic and interactive websites in the ever-growing world of web development. PHP was initially called "Personal Home Page," but it has since become the Hypertext Preprocessor we know. This detailed article examines PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor), a dynamic server-side scripting language that has shaped the digital landscape since 1994. PHP has grown from a tool for managing a personal website to a flexible language powering much of the web. A detailed look into PHP object-oriented programming reveals its organizational benefits, while a separate section covers session management, form handling, and database interfaces in web development. PHP application security comes first, addressing common vulnerabilities and recommending best practices. The study covers PHP frameworks, development tools, scalability, and performance optimization. Finally, it considers PHP's role in Web 3.0 and its future in upcoming technologies. This PHP exploration seeks to help developers master and innovate in the ever-changing web development landscape.
Level of utilization of eLearning among students at selected KMTC campuses
Authors: Kaloki Luciana N. , Ombasa Zachary O. , Mutiso Urbanus M. , Mutiso Raphael N. , Kwinga Nicholas M. , Nyachae Jonah R. , Musovya James , Kinyae Vincent N. , Nguutu Gilbert K. , Kalunda Emmah K. , Mwangi Loise W. , Jonah Lucia M. , Mutisya Redempta M.
Published: December 2023

Background: Technology continues to impact various spheres of life, including learning. Over the years, eLearning has experienced a steady rise in popularity. At Kenya Medical Training College (KMTC), the influence of technology on education became more noticeable due in part to a policy directive. This directive, prompted partly by the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasized adopting online teaching to address the loss of instructional hours. This study addressed a specific gap in KMTC's internal quality assurance efforts by accumulating evidence related to the extent of E-learning and user satisfaction.
Methods: The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design, utilizing qualitative and quantitative techniques. It involved KMTC campuses conveniently selected from the Coast and Nairobi regions, with 1139 students selected through simple random, stratified, and proportionate sampling methods. A mixed questionnaire (both open and closed-ended questions) was used to collect data. Specifically, the study aimed to assess the level of eLearning utilization among students in selected KMTC campuses and identify the determinants of this utilization.
Results: Most of the respondents (89.2%) participated in online classes; 11.8% of those who did not participate cited reasons such as lack of gadgets, bundles, and poor internet connectivity, among others. Despite widespread e-learning utilization, 76.8% of learners strongly preferred face-to-face classes.
Conclusions: Key factors linked to e-learning utilization included effective instructional strategies, quality technical support, and well-conducted online classes. The choice of communication channels, particularly platforms like WhatsApp, was strongly linked to e-learning utilization. Therefore, this study recommends that KMTC should acknowledge the strong preference for face-to-face classes and offer hybrid learning options. Further, the KMTC should address accessibility challenges and competing responsibilities at home by supporting data connectivity, ensuring user-friendly online platforms, and providing flexible scheduling options for diverse learner needs.
Risk and determinants of catastrophic health expenditure among rural households in rivers state
Authors: Enuagwuna Fredrick C. , Ogaji Daprim S. , Tebu Oghenerukevwe
Published: December 2023

Background: Concerns about how the expense of healthcare impacts rural families' ability to pay their bills are rising, especially in environments where prepayment systems are inadequate and people pay cash while using health services. This research evaluated the method of payment, frequency, and contributing factors of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) among rural inhabitants of Rivers State.
Methods: This retrospective longitudinal study was conducted among 450 inhabitants in six rural communities in Rivers State. The participants were chosen using a multistage sampling process. A validated semi-structured questionnaire which was interviewer administered was used to obtain the data. IBM statistical package for the social sciences version 25 was used to analyze the data. Data were summarized using means, frequency, and proportions while bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression were used to explore determinants of CHE with p≤0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: The result showed that 94.9% of rural households pay for health care via out-of-pocket payment and 88.4% rural residents experience catastrophic health payment. Household income of less than N100,000 (AOR=2.8, 95% C.I.=1.4-5.4, p=0.002) and having two or more dependents (AOR=3.3, 95% C.I.=1.3-8.0 p=0.002) were determinants of CHE.
Conclusions: There is need to increase public funding for healthcare as well as expand the coverage of the NHIS to mitigate the effect of health care cost on rural residents in Rivers State.
Intimate partner violence among women of reproductive age during COVID-19 pandemic in Bungoma County, Kenya
Authors: Simiyu Rose Nakhumicha , Kanini Caroline , Owaka Isaac , Mado Ojwang Nicholas
Published: December 2023

Background: Intimate partner violence includes all forms of aggression by former or current intimate partner. It accounts to 1.3 million deaths annually. Women of reproductive age, 18% globally have experienced physical and sexual forms of IPV. IPV cases ranges from 55% and 46% respectively in Africa and South Asia.COVID-19 has seen increase of IPV by 5% among WRA. IPV among WRA increases incidence of suicide, abortion and depression.
Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. Stratified 2 stage random sampling and simple random sampling techniques were used. Sample size was 229 WRA. Primary data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire, KIIS and FGDS. Data analysis was carried out through both descriptive statistics and inferential analysis findings were presented in percentages and pie charts.
Results: Age category of 26 -33 years, participants who are casual workers, alcohol consumption by partner, length of relationship, level of education and culture were significantly associated with physical, psychological, sexual and economic violence.66.80%of the participants did not know about the policies on IPV and the available community level services to combat IPV was majorly reconciliation of couples by the local chiefs.
Conclusions: The health system factors that facilitates support of IPV was not in line with SDGs Goal 5: Gender equality and SDGs Goal 16: Peace, justice and strong institutions. A large number of respondents (79.5%) reported unavailability of health facilities linked to social, health and legal services to support victims of IPV.
Reproductive health issues of concern among Nigerians: an online survey
Authors: Sule Sa'adatu T. , Dieng Boubacar , Danmadami Amina M.
Published: December 2023

Background: Reproductive health is often neglected due to various reasons including poor access to information and services. This study was undertaken to get an understanding of what reproductive health issues are of concern to Nigerians and their suggestions for improvement of services in order to meet their needs.
Methods: The study was an anonymous online survey carried out using Google Forms. Statistical analyses including rates and comparative analyses were carried out using MINITAB statistical software version 19.
Results: The most common reproductive health issues of concern to respondents were sexual health (29.59%), contraception (23.47%), infections (21.43%), fertility issues (17.35%, and female reproductive tract cancer (13.27%). Other concerns were limited access to reproductive health information and services including awareness and education of men and young people (5.10%), availability and affordability (2.04%), getting the right information (1.02%), and ability to discuss reproductive health issues (1.02%). The most common suggestions for improvement included having more information (65.00%), greater involvement of men (62.00%), improved access to services (56.00%), and greater involvement of young people (39.00%). The preferred media of information included social media (20.00%), email (20.00%), and health workers including door-to-door services and seminars in schools (13.85%). Other preferred media of information included radio (4.62%), print media (3.08%), parents/family (1.54%), and SMS messages (1.54%).
Conclusions: For meaningful impact, reproductive health interventions should ensure availability of information and services that are inclusive of adolescents and young people, men and older persons, through various channels such as school seminars, health workers, traditional and social media, and other technologies.
Epidemiological investigation of congenital heart diseases among children during the years 2016 to 2021
Authors: Khamesloo Faramarz Ajri , Mirzarahimi Mehrdad , Amani Firouz , Sadeghi Fatemeh
Published: December 2023

Background: Congenital heart disease is a type of birth defect that affects about 1% of babies born each year and is the leading cause of death in infancy that is diagnosed at birth or later in life. Due to the high importance of this issue and high mortality and morbidity, the aim of this study was epidemiological investigation of congenital heart diseases in children during 2016 to 2021.
Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical study, all children admitted to Bo Ali Hospital in Ardabil with primary diagnosis of congenital heart disease or secondary diagnosis during hospitalization along with all children referred to the clinic of this hospital with diagnosis of congenital heart disease were included in the study.
Results: A total of 449 children with congenital heart disease were included in the study. 235 cases (52.33%) were boys, 35 cases (7.79%) had diabetic mothers and 12 cases (2.6%) had obese mothers. 20 cases (4.4%) were the result of multiple pregnancy and 31 cases (6.9%) were preterm. Significantly, preterm birth was more in children with cyanotic disease (p=0.036) and multiple births and maternal diabetes and aneuploidy were more in children with cyanotic disease compared to Asianotic children (p value equal to 0.008 respectively and 0.001 and 0.001).
Conclusions: The frequency of congenital heart diseases, gender composition and related risk factors such as preterm birth and maternal diabetes were aligned and similar to domestic and foreign studies. Maternal diabetes and preterm birth can be considered as risk factors for congenital heart diseases.
Maternal understanding and practices of breastfeeding and infant feeding in rural North Karnataka: a cross sectional study
Authors: Mallesh Vidya , Patil Shailaja S. , Sorganvi Vijaya
Published: December 2023

Background: Child-malnutrition is a critical global concern supported by substantial evidence. Recognizing optimal infant and young child-feeding practices as pivotal in combating malnutrition is crucial.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted through house-to-house survey in Ukkali and Shivanagi villages for period of 6 months from February 2018 to July 2018. A pretested-questionnaire was administered to 133mothers of 6 to 12-month-old children, collecting socio-demographic data, knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding prelacteal, breastfeeding, and complementary-feeding.
Results: Knowledge gaps emerged, with only 50% understanding colostrum's importance. Limited awareness of exclusive breastfeeding (65%) and extended breastfeeding (31.57%) was observed. Prelacteal-feeding was widespread (52.63%), with sugar-water being a prevalent choice (21.8%). Most mothers (over 90%) opted for breastfeeding, yet timely initiation (27.6%) and exclusive-breastfeeding (30%) were suboptimal. Complementary-feeding initiation (15%) and minimum-meal-frequency adherence (13.3%) were low. Meal-diversity was deficient in over 60%.
Conclusions: Bridging knowledge gaps and promoting optimal-feeding-practices through targeted nutritional education is essential. This study underscores the importance of addressing misconceptions, enhancing early-breastfeeding, and ensuring proper complementary-feeding to improve child-health outcomes. Socio-demographic-factors must be considered when designing educational material and interventions in rural-settings.
Perceptions on hypertension, barriers and facilitators on non-communicable disease prevention in urban Shivamogga: a qualitative study
Authors: Alalageri Kavya M. , B. R. Mahesh Murthy , Kumar Revathi Arun
Published: December 2023

Background: The world’s health care needs are changing drastically due to significant population and demographic impact. The socioeconomic transition in India have influenced the health risk behaviour leading to the increasing burden of obesity, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. Primary care facilities play a vital role in preventing and controlling NCDs. Objectives were to assess the perceptions of healthy lifestyle behaviours among urban migrants of south India. To qualitatively assess the facilitators and barriers of NCD prevention.
Methods: Study was conducted in urban Shivamogga from May to August 2023 using non-purposive sampling technique. It was a qualitative study design-focus group discussion (FGD). It involves two FGD of 8 members each. One FGD is from urban school and other FGD is from nationalized bank. This study aimed at providing grounded approach to develop an understanding about the perceptions of hypertension (HTN) and facilitators/barriers in obtaining treatment of the same. The data was subjected to brief reading and analysed by segregating the text under different themes. Responses were recorded by audio-taping and translated into codes. The results were obtained after drawing inferences.
Results: Mean age of study participants was 38.8±3.8 years (FGD1) and 36.8±2.6 years (FGD2). They identified stress, nuclear family, physical inactivity, dietary habits and urban living as the causes of hypertension. They perceived that illiteracy, ignorance, work-pressure, time-constraints, home-remedies could be the barriers for seeking treatment of hypertension.
Conclusions: Hypertension has been perceived as a common and serious problem in our community. There was a felt need about awareness campaign and screening of HTN that may help in implementation of prevention and control activities.
Canvassing the epidemiology of risk behaviors in adolescent school students in a city of eastern Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sujishnu , Gupta Shubham K. , Singh Karan
Published: December 2023

Background: Adolescents while learning a new world of complex priorities; may make choices quickly or impulsively without giving legitimate critical thoughts. The aim was to determine the prevalence of risk behaviors among adolescents and its socio-demographic determinants.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological study done on 427 students enrolled in class IX-XII of schools in eastern Uttar Pradesh recruited via cluster sampling. The questionnaire included questions regarding the participant’s profile and risk behaviors. Data analysis was done with SPSS v23 and Chi-Square test.
Results: Mean age was 14.86 years. 33% engaged in a physical fight and 25% sustained injuries more than once in the last one year. 15% were bullied. As a bystander, subjects from higher classes (XI-XII) and female gender seem to have more ‘avoiding’ tendencies whereas those from lower classes (IX and X) and male gender preferred to ‘stand against the bully and physical force to stop them’. 8.2% had to escape from school to avoid physical injury. 54% felt depressed, 17.6% contemplated suicide, and 4.4% attempted suicide. Though depression was predominant among rural girls and poor socio-economic status and academics; suicidal ideation and attempt was more common among boys.
Conclusions: This study highlights the risk behaviours prevalent among Indian adolescents. It falls in the purview of the Government to improve policies, plan and monitor programs to strengthen the upcoming youth.
A step towards sustainability in current dental practice: a cross sectional study
Authors: Shah Reetu , Sodani Vasudha , Shah Anvi , Rajesh Sowjanya , Solanki Harsh , Chauhan Keyur
Published: December 2023

Background: Preservation of planet should be of utmost importance. All practicing dentists collectively produce an amount of waste which can turn out to be extremely harmful to the environment. Biomedical waste management and eco-friendly approach in dental practice should be leveraged for a better future. Aim was to assess the changing trends regarding biomedical waste management and eco-friendly approach in regular practice among dentists of Ahmedabad.
Methods: A questionnaire-based study consisting of 17 questions was conducted among practicing dentists of Ahmedabad city. A total of 301 dentists voluntarily participated in the study.
Results: Most of the practicing dentists (98.7%) were aware about the biomedical waste management categories and 90.4% were known to the colour coding system used for waste segregation and disposal. A standard method of mercury waste management and sharps disposal was practiced by 53.7% and 88.4% of total participants respectively. Most of the participants were using disposable suction tips (91.6%) and disposable syringes (98.9%). However, 71.6% and 28.4% participants were using autoclavable patient drape, head cap and mask.
Conclusions: Comparison based on experience revealed that dentists with lesser experience are more prone to having eco-friendly choices. Comparison based on qualification revealed that paediatric dentists were having the least eco-friendly approach in regular practice compared to other groups. Concept of eco-friendly dentistry was familiar to majority of the dentists but, use of various eco-friendly alternatives were not preferred equally by all dentists.
Burden of type 2 diabetes among pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis patients diagnosed in a tertiary care institute in Puducherry
Authors: R. Sengadhir Vendhan , A. Velavan , D. Elanchezhian , M. Vasanthakogilam , Binoth Navilson , Konduru Rajesh Kumar
Published: December 2023

Background: Most often diabetes and tuberculosis present together and complicate each other at many levels. Studies show people with diabetes were at three times higher risk of developing tuberculosis. Study done in Kerala have reported that the prevalence of diabetes is higher among males and among smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases. Objective was to measure the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus among pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis patients diagnosed in a tertiary care institute in Puducherry.
Methods: Data was obtained from National tuberculosis elimination programme (NTEP) referral register of Pondicherry Institute of Medical Science. All the patients who have diagnosed to have tuberculosis from January 2022 to July 2022 were included. Diabetic status among pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients was also collected.
Results: Among the patients with tuberculosis, 67% of patients were males. A total of 38.8% of cases were found to have diabetes and out of these cases, 23.8% of patients were known case of diabetes and 16.4%of cases were patients with newly diagnosed diabetes. It is observed that, among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, 32.8% of cases and among patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis 5.9% of cases were found to have diabetes.
Conclusions: The present study showed that burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus was more among pulmonary tuberculosis.
Functional dependency among elderly population in a rural area of Ernakulam district, Kerala, India
Authors: Devi Indra , Sasidharan Navami
Published: December 2023

Background: Elderly populations with co-morbidities and sensory impairments are more likely to be functionally dependent on their activities of daily living. Objectives of the study were to determine functional dependency among the elderly population residing in a rural area of Ernakulam district, and also to determine the factors associated with functional dependency in the study population.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 elderly people from rural area of Ernakulam district, Kerala. A non-probability convenient sampling method was used for the study participants. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information about the socio-demographic questions, medical history and history of comorbidities. Barthel’s scale assessed activities of daily living and independent activities of daily living were assessed by Lawton’s scale. The statistical test was done using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 21 and a chi-square test of significance was used to find the association of various factors with functional dependency.
Results: In Barthel’s scale using ADL score, fully dependent was found to be 2.5%. In the IADL score using Lawton’s scale fully dependent was found to be 0.5% among the study participants. Among the study participants, 57.9% of females and 42.1% of males have a visual impairment, 60% of females and 40% of males have a hearing impairment, 45.5% of females and 54.5% of males have a cognitive impairment.
Conclusions: Comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and cognitive impairment contribute to a decline in functional abilities among older adults.
Effectiveness of smartphone otoscope in management of ear ailments at primary healthcare level
Authors: Shyamlal Yadav Sagar , Bhatnagar Akshay , Oberoi Anant , Gianchand Shikha
Published: December 2023

Background: To work out efficacy of smartphone otoscope for managing ear ailments at primary healthcare level.
Methods: Prospective study carried out at a co-located primary care clinic and secondary referral facility. With this plan, the PHC was equipped with a smartphone otoscope for diagnosing common ear problems. The doctor then forwarded patient's ear imaging to the referring hospital's otolaryngologist. The otolaryngologist reviewed the history to make remote diagnosis before providing the PHC provider with recommendations for treatment. Information on patients' demographics, outpatient diagnoses, symptom durations, affected side, treatments received, and outcomes was collected. This information was used to determine whether or not a smartphone otoscope may be used to improve healthcare for patients suffering from common ear illnesses without sending them to more specialized facilities.
Results: 150 patients were enrolled; 53.3% were male and 46.7% female. Participants aged between 3 and 83 years, with a mean of 44.6. Eighty-two (48%) of the cases presented with left ear, sixty (40%) with right ear, and eighteen (12%) for both sides. The typical course of ear infection lasted 6.5 (2, 15) days. Out of 150 patients, 33 (22%) were deemed cured, 117 (78%) demonstrated improvement in symptoms. The technique was praised by primary care physicians, who said they learned more about otolaryngology. 
Conclusions: The ability of primary care physicians to manage common and straightforward ear ailments is greatly enhanced by the use of smartphone otoscopes. Thus, improving patient satisfaction and the strain on medical facilities.
A systematic review of the evidence on the effectiveness of sexuality education interventions on young people's sexual and reproductive health outcomes in Nigeria
Authors: Okooboh Grace Oluchi , Martins Olutayo Folashade
Published: December 2023

Poor sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes among Nigeria's youth necessitate urgent interventions to meet the country's sustainable development goal (SDG) SRH target by 2030. This review evaluates Nigeria's SRH educational interventions, focusing on their effectiveness in improving young people's (YP) SRH outcomes. It highlights the global implications of these outcomes on achieving the SDG by 2030. The review, following PRISMA standards, analyzed peer-reviewed journals and gray literature (from January 2017-June 2023), using narrative synthesis and Joanna Briggs institute (JBI) quality appraisal checklists for quasi-experimental and cross-sectional studies. The search found 1021 studies, with 6 meeting inclusion criteria (4 quasi-experimental and 2 cross-sectional studies). All reported significant improvements in YPSRH outcomes, including knowledge and attitudes towards SRH themes, uptake of SRH and HIV/STI services, parental and societal support, and reduction in risky sexual behaviors. Quality assessment revealed several methodological flaws such as inadequate blinding and contamination measures. The review offers insights for YP interventions, but methodological flaws limit effectiveness. Further studies with rigorous designs and longer follow-up are needed. The absence of economic evaluation data is a knowledge gap with important implications for decision-makers.
The effect and approach of dentures on the nutritional state of the elderly
Authors: Binhuraib Haitham Mohammed , Alwathnani Somaya Saad , Alanazi Asma Gadan , Alqaidy Manal Yahya , Aljarallah Abdulaziz Abduallah , Alqurashi Nashwa Saud , Alreshidi Faisal Abdullah , Aldakkan Bayan Ahmad , Alazmi Awadh Owaidh , Sulimani Asim Adnan , Alanazi Nowair Ali
Published: December 2023

The absence of natural teeth presents considerable hurdles in consuming certain foods that demand efficient chewing, rendering elderly individuals vulnerable to malnutrition. Studies have reported malnutrition rates among this group ranging from 2% to 10%. Several factors contribute to this issue, including tooth loss itself, diminished masticatory function, and age-related alterations in taste sensitivity and saliva production. This review delves into the significant effect of dentures on the nutritional well-being of elderly individuals, shedding light on the challenges posed by edentulism, or complete tooth loss. The review underscores the crucial role of integrating dietary guidance into the prosthodontic treatment of edentulous patients. Personalized dietary counselling emerges as a vital strategy to rectify nutrient imbalances and enhance oral and overall health. Key recommendations encompass embracing a diverse array of foods while also moderating salt, fat, and sugar consumption. Furthermore, promoting the intake of hydrating fluids such as water, juice, and milk is essential. Continuous monitoring and support are emphasized as indispensable components for ensuring enduring dietary improvements among this vulnerable population. In conclusion, this review underscores the imperative of addressing the nutritional implications of dentures in the elderly and advocates for a comprehensive approach to safeguarding their dietary health.
Pediatric dental radiography: safety, techniques and diagnostic applications
Authors: Al Domyati Roaa Mohammad , Zagzoog Ghaida Mazen , Khalid Obaid Abdulrahman , Al Shehri Rawad Homoud , Al Blowi Randah Hamza , Shibatalhamd Khalid Yousef , Bahkali Rahmah Mohammed , Munthery Ahmed Ali , Demyati Mawadh Abdulrahman , Alshehri Shahad Amer , Hakami May Mohammed
Published: December 2023

Children, with their higher cellular metabolism, longer lifespans, and smaller bodies, require specific adjustments in X-ray settings. The increased mitotic cell activity in children, coupled with their longer life expectancy, raises concerns about the potential long-term effects of radiation exposure, such as tumor development or cancer-related deaths. Therefore, radiographs should be prescribed based on individual patient needs, balancing the necessity for diagnostic clarity with the risks of radiation. Radiographs play a vital role in the diagnosis of traumatic dental injuries, as they can reveal injuries that may not be apparent through clinical examination alone. In pediatric dentistry, radiography is essential for diagnosing dental caries, monitoring growth, and identifying developmental or pathological conditions. They are invaluable in treatment planning and assessing dentofacial structures. However, the decision to use radiography should follow a comprehensive assessment, considering each child's medical, dental, as well as the clinical background, as well as environmental factors. Special techniques and considerations are necessary for infants, young children, individuals with disabilities, as well as those with gag reflexes.
Community health practice: the Nigerian model
Authors: Dotimi Doris Atibinye , Wamanyi Yohanna , Silas Joel Usen
Published: December 2023

The Nigerian model of community health practice is a unique approach to healthcare delivery that emphasizes the involvement of community members in the planning and implementation of healthcare services. This model is based on the principle that healthcare should be accessible, affordable, and equitable for all members of the community. This review focused on the Nigerian model of community health practice yesterday, today, and in the future. Findings indicated that the Nigerian model of community health practice was established in 1978 and is characterized by the use of community health practitioners who have acquired National Diplomas, Higher National Diploma, Bachelor, Master and Ph.D. degrees in Community Health. They are licensed by the Community Health Practitioners Registration Board of Nigeria to provide basic healthcare services such as health education, preventive care, treatment of common illnesses, maternal and child health services, and family planning at primary health centers and community levels. While the model of community health practice has faced significant challenges, including inadequate funding, lack of infrastructure, and a shortage of trained personnel, it has demonstrated promising results in improving healthcare access and outcomes in rural communities. The Nigerian Model of community health practice holds important lessons for other countries seeking to strengthen their primary healthcare systems.
Uma generalização do teorema de Etiene
Authors: Rufino Elzimar Oliviera
Published: December 2023

Neste trabalho apresentamos uma generalização do Teorema de Etiene, o qual esta relacionado à construção do gráfico de uma função quadrática. Alm disso, propomos uma nova sequência de passos para a construção do gráfico  de uma função quadrática.
İmam Mâtürîdî’nin Sahâbe Tasavvuru
Authors: BAYRAM İbrahim
Published: December 2023

Ehl-i sünnet kelâmının simge isimlerinden biri olan, orijinal fikirleri, çarpıcı tespitleri ile dikkat çeken İmam Mâtürîdî, günümüze ulaşan eserleri itibariyle bu sahadaki görüşlerini Kitâbü’t-Tevhîd ve Te’vîlat adlı çalışmalarında ortaya koymuştur. Her ne kadar ilki kelâm, diğeri tefsir alanında ise de bu ikincisi de yine onun pek çok kelâmî görüşünü beyan ettiği bir eser hüviyetini kazanmıştır. Hatta kimi kelâmî konular itibariyle tefsiri bazen daha öncelikli bazen tek kaynak hüviyetini taşımaktadır. Onun tefsirinin öncelikli merci konumunda olduğu kelâmî meselelerden birini de imâmet ve buna bağlı olarak ashap mevzuu teşkil etmektedir. Şîa’nın imâmeti İslâm inanç sisteminin bir parçası haline getirmesi ve bu hususta kilit bir role sahip olan ashabı tekfir etmesi, Ehl-i sünnet kelâmcılarının da bu meseleyi gündemine almasına zemin hazırlamış, böylece konu artık ilgili boyutuyla inanç mevzuu haline gelmiştir. İtikadi sahada imâmet meselesinin bir alt konusu olarak kendisine yer bulan ashap tasavvuru bu alanda görüş bildiren kelâmcıların eserlerine de girmiş, başta Şîa olmak üzere diğer bazı itikādî fırkaların ve kimi şahsiyetlerin sahâbeyi alçaltan algılarına cevap olacak bir yapı teşekkül ettirilmiştir. Ehl-i sünnetin hiç kuşkusuz en önemli taşlarından biri olan İmam Mâtürîdî de konuyla ilgili farklı boyutlarıyla izahlar getirmiş ve sahâbeyi hak ettiği mevkie yerleştiren açıklamalarda bulunmuştur. Mâtürîdî, imâmet ve buna bağlı olarak ashap tasavvurunu kelâm eserinde doğrudan ortaya koymamışsa da bir kısım ihsaslarda bulunmuştur. Tefsirinde ise bu hususta önemli açıklamalar getirmiştir. Kelâmcılar, bu sahadaki eserlerinde ashapla ilgili hangi hususları öne çıkarmış, buna dair hangi meselelere temas etmişse o da tefsirinde çoğu kez bunlara değinmiştir. Mâtürîdî’nin görüşlerini çoğunlukla kelâm değil de tefsir eserinde ortaya koymasına bağlı olarak yoğunlaştığı veya temas ettiği konularda kısmi farklıklar göze çarpsa da ulaştığı sonuçlar kelâmcılarla örtüşmüştür. İmam Mâtürîdî, konuyla ilgili olarak sahâbîlerin üstün özellikleri, onlara karşı geliştirilecek tavır, Şîa’nın sahâbe algısına cevap, ashap arasındaki çekişme iddiaları ve mücadeleler, nihayet onları konumlarına uygun değerlendirme gibi başlıkların altında toplanabilecek açıklamalar yapmıştır. Bunların içerisinde ikinci başlık daha çok usûl-i fıkıh, sonuncusu neredeyse tamamen tefsir içerikli iken diğerleri ise kelâmda da yoğun şekilde ele alınan konular olmuştur. İşte bu çalışmada İmam Mâtürîdî’nin ashap tasavvuru ortaya konularak aklı hiçbir zaman ihmal etmeyen, ona büyük paye veren bir İslâm âliminin zihin ve kalp dünyasında sahâbenin neye karşılık geldiği gözler önüne serilecektir.
God, Logic and Lies: Intra-Ḥanafī Polemics on Divine Omnipotence in Colonial India
Authors: CHOWDHURY Safaruk
Published: December 2023

This article is the first logical exploration of a major Islamic theological controversy regarding divine omnipotence (qudra) emerging in early 19th century northern India and persists today. The controversy involved two interconnected propositions. The first is known as ‘imkān-e naẓīr’, which is the proposition that God is able to create another identical Prophet Muḥammad. The second dubbed ‘ikmān-e kidhb’, is the possibility of God being able to lie or say untruths. The article will examine the arguments of two formidable scholars. The first is the one who detonated the controversy Shah Ismail Dihlawi (d. 1831) who argues for the possibility of God to actualise an identical Muḥammad and to lie and the second is his opponent and archnemesis Fazl-e Haqq Khayrabadi (d. 1861), who vehemently rejects both possibilities. The focus of the article is a detailed logical analysis of the structure and premises of the arguments as well as the core modal concepts assumed in the debate.
Allah-İnsan İlişkisi Bağlamında İnsan Hakları
Authors: KAYA Sibel
Published: December 2023

İnsan, varlık bilincine sahip olan bir canlıdır. İnsan olmak bakımından nasıl bir değer taşıdığı ve bununla ilişkili olarak hangi hak ve sorumluluklara sahip olduğu soruları insanın kadim zamanlardan beri yanıt aradığı soruların başında gelmektedir. “İnsan hakları (human rights)” ifadesi bu sorgulama süreci ile doğrudan bağlantılı bir şekilde ortaya çıkmış modern kavramlardan biridir. Kavramın gelişimi itibarıyla siyasî ve seküler bir anlam çerçevesi bulunmaktadır. Ancak bugün insan hakları felsefî, ahlâkî, teolojik pek çok boyutu kapsayan geniş bir anlam alanı içerisinde tartışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, insan hakları kavramı Allah-insan ilişkisi bakımından incelenmiştir. Nitekim İslâm dini söz konusu olduğunda, “hak” kavramının hem ilâhî hem de beşerî çağrışımları olan geniş bir anlam içeriğine sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Kur’ân’da insan haklarının teolojik çerçevesi, Allah ile insan arasında gerçekleşen mîsâktan/ahidden hareketle çizilmektedir. Mîsâkın bir gereği olarak Allah, insana bir emanet teslim etmiş, onu halife olarak görevlendirmiş ve insanı bununla onurlandırmıştır. Bu onurlandırmanın mahiyeti, Allah’ın yasalarını yeryüzünde hâkim kılma görevi ve bunun için yeryüzünün insanın hizmetine verilmesidir. Bu şekilde varlık sahnesinde yerini aldıktan sonra, insanın sahip olduğu hakların iki boyutu vardır. Birinci boyutu insanın dünyevî-toplumsal bağlamda, insan olmak bakımından sahip olduğu haklardır. Batılı toplumların kavramsallaştırdığı insan hakları kavramı doğrudan bu boyutla ilişkilidir. İkinci boyutta ise insan hakları, insanın Allah ile ilişkisi/mükellefiyeti söz konusu edildiğinde ortaya çıkan haklar olarak dinî-mânevî bir içerik taşımaktadır. Bu haklar, dünyevî-toplumsal alanda olduğu gibi kaynağını Allah’ın insanı yaratılış bakımından mümtaz kılmasından ve insanla olan ahdinden almaktadır. İnsan hakları tartışmalarının teolojik boyutu olarak da ifade edilebilecek bu haklar kulun mükellefiyetine ilişkin haklardır. Mükellef olduğu hususlarda bilgi sahibi olması, bunlara güç yetirebilmesi (istitâat), özgür iradeyle eylemde bulunabilmesi, tüm bunların karşılığında mükâfat veya ceza alması kulun mükellefiyeti ve dinî-manevî bakımdan insan hakları konusu içine dâhil edilebilecek meseleler olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Kelâm âlimleri çoğunlukla, kulun mükellefiyeti çerçevesinde ortaya çıkan bu tür hakları, Allah’tan bağımsız ve O’na rağmen ortaya çıkan haklar olarak değil bilakis Allah’tan doğan O’nun Hak, mutlak iyi olmasının ve ilim, adalet, hikmet gibi niteliklerinin bir ifadesi olarak görmüşlerdir. Bu çalışmada insan haklarının teolojik dayanakları ele alınarak kavramı seküler bir bakış açısıyla temellendirmenin neden olduğu sınırlılıkları gidermek ve insan haklarının daha bütüncül ve kapsamlı bir metafizik temellendirmesini sunmak amaçlanmıştır.
Nübüvvet Savunusu Bağlamında Delâilü’n-Nübüvve’nin Yeri ve Önemi
Authors: BOZKALE Lütfi
Published: December 2023

İnsanın yaratıcısı ile kurduğu inanç bağlarından biri de peygamber vasıtasıyla gerçekleşmiştir. Çağımıza yansıyan boyutlarıyla entelektüel düzeyde tartışılan nübüvvet karşıtlığı alanındaki problemler ciddi bir inanç sorununa tekabül etmektedir. Tevhide dayalı inanç sisteminde nübüvvetle bilinen akāid ilkeleri Allah’a, nübüvvete ve ahirete iman şeklinde temellendirilmiştir. İnanç dünyamızı düzenleyen ve akılla da imkânı kabul edilen bu üç prensibin detayları, bize Allah tarafından nebiler aracılığı ile bildirilen bilgilerdir. Bu eksende tek Tanrılı dinlerin teolojisi nübüvvetin belirlediği çerçeveyle ortaya çıkmıştır. Sonuç olarak nübüvvet dinin çıkış noktası olarak, Allah ve ahiret inancı hakkındaki bilgileri elde etmede en sahih ve sağlıklı yol olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Tarihi izlekte görülen şekliyle din karşıtı çevre ve felsefelerde nübüvvet karşıtı bir duruş gözlemlenmiştir. İslâm fetihleri sonucunda elde edilen topraklarda yaşayan İran kökenli senevî geleneklerde ve onların etkilendiği Hint kökenli Berâhime ve Budist inanç çevrelerinde görülen nübüvvet karşıtı bu tutum İslâm toplumunda ciddi tartışmalara yol açmıştır. İslâm âlimlerinin, heretik mülhidler olarak tanımladıkları söylem çevreleri, salt akla dayanarak vahiy karşıtı iddialarda bulunmuştur. Bunlara karşı savunu eserleri yazan ulemâ; aklın, vahyin ve duyuların delaleti ile cevap üretmişlerdir. Bilgisel içerikleri ile dikkat çeken bu eserlerde peygamberlik, Hz. Muhammed özelinde tarihi ve geleneksel delillerle savunulmuş her iki yön Kur’ân’daki ayetlerle de teyit edilmiştir. Özellikle erken dönem savunu eserlerinde görülen Ehl-i kitap mensuplarının kabul ettiği geleneksel peygamberlik delilleri üzerinden yürütülen bu muhteva nübüvvetin temel argümanı “Hucec ve A‘lâm” delilleri olarak ilk teliflerde yer almıştır. Müslüman düşüncesinde klasik döneme kadar yazılan elçiliği ispat eserlerini muhteva açısından iki grupta ele aldık Bunların ilki: Peygamberliği sadece geleneksel deliller üzerinden elçinin elinde gerçekleşen mûcize ve benzeri harikulade olayları nakleden rivayetler üzerinden ele alan eserler. İkincisi nübüvveti geleneksel delilleri ile ağırlıklı olarak burhanî tarihî ve sosyolojik yönden ispat etmeyi amaçlayan eserler. Muahhar dönemde yazılan savunu eserlerinde de sistematik olarak ana amacı nübüvveti savunmak olan âlimler aynı muhteva üzerinden telif faaliyetlerini sürdürmüşlerdir. Bu faaliyet sonucunda literatürde “Delâlilü’n-nübüvve” olarak isimlendirilen özel bir yazın türü ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışma hicri II. Asırda başlayıp III. ve IV. asırlarda etkisi gittikçe artan nübüvvet karşıtı meydan okumalara karşı yazılmış peygamberlik savunusu, “Delâilü’n-nübüvve” eserlerinin önemli örneklerini tanıtıp bunların literatürdeki yeri ve önemini vurgulamak üzerine olacaktır.