bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Experience with Psychological Aspects in Pediatric Patients Amputated for Malignancies
Authors: Clerici Carlo Alfredo , Ferrari Andrea , Luksch Roberto , Casanova Michela , Massimino Maura , Cefalo Graziella , Terenziani Monica , Spreafico Filippo , Polastri Daniela , Mapelli Sergio , Daolio Primo , Bellani Franca Fossati
Published: April 2018

Aims and background

Amputation surgery in pediatric patients suffering from malignant tumors is less common than in the past, but has a great emotional impact on patients and their families as well as on the medical team. Studies addressing the psychological aspects of limb amputation in childhood cancer are still relatively limited, and the results have sometimes been contradictory.

Methods

At the Pediatric Oncology Unit of the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan psychological support was provided to candidates for amputation and their families, involving medical oncologists, a clinical psychologist, and social assistants. Twenty-two patients were analyzed and 16 underwent mutilating surgery.

Results

Different emotional reactions were observed. Surgery proved to be easier to accept when the tumor caused pain and functional loss. Specialist medical psychological support was needed in case of defense mechanisms (eg, splitting and projection) and depressive reactions evolving into isolation or intolerance.

Conclusions

The reported experience could be helpful in providing adequate support to children with tumors requiring mutilating surgery.
Preoperative Evaluation of Patients Submitted to Pneumonectomy for Lung Carcinoma: Role of Exercise Testing
Authors: Villani Fabrizio , Busia Alessandra
Published: April 2018

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate which parameters of preoperative spirometry, arterial blood gas, radionuclide lung scanning and cardiopulmonary exercise test are the best predictor of postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients submitted to pneumonectomy. The study was conducted in 150 patients (mean age, 57.1). Forty-four patients (29.3%) had postoperative complications. Four patients (2.7%) died within one month of the pneumonectomy. Patients with complications had significantly lower ppoFEV1 as percentage of predicted and lower VO2 max, and those who died also had a significant decrease in PaO2 during exercise. Moreover, among patients with obstructive pulmonary disease (FEV1<70% of predicted), we found a significantly higher percentage predicted residual volume and a significantly lower VO2 max in complicated patients. The present data support the suggestion that exercise testing could be a useful adjunt in the evaluation of postoperative risk for pneumonectomy, especially in patients with obstructive pulmonary disease. In particular, patients with VO2 max <50% of predicted should be considered at high risk of morbidity from cardiopulmonary causes.
Leydig Cell Tumor of the Testis. New Cases and Review of the Current Literature
Authors: Papatsoris Athanasios G , Triantafyllidis Argyrios , Gekas Aristomenis , Karamouzis Michalis V , Rosenbaum Tom
Published: April 2018

Leydig cell tumors are the most frequent non-germ cell tumors of the testis, accounting for 1-3% of all testicular tumors. They present most commonly as a testicular mass or with endocrine symptoms. We report three new cases of Leydig cell tumori that presented in different forms. The relevant literature is reviewed and the management of these tumors is discussed.
Malignant Pericardial Mesothelioma. Report of two Cases, Review of the Literature and Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Papi Maximilian , Genestreti Giovenzio , Tassinari Davide , Lorenzini Paolo , Serra Silvia , Ricci Monica , Pasquini Enzo , Nicolini Mario , Pasini Giuseppe , Tamburini Emiliano , Fattori Pier Paolo , Ravaioli Alberto
Published: April 2018

Malignant pericardial mesothelioma is an uncommon variety of a primary malignant cardio-pericardial tumor and it is a highly lethal and fortunately rare cardiac neoplasm. The presentation of pericardial mesothelioma is aspecific and pathologically mesothelioma is not the most common among primary tumors of the pericardium. It is characterized by atypical solid growth of mesothelium with formation of atypical cavities surrounded by fibrous stroma. Antemortem diagnosis is difficult and distant metastases are extremely rare. Radical surgery can be used to treat localized mesothelioma. The treatment for advanced primary pericardial mesothelioma is usually palliative because the tumor is resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The prognosis is unfavorable. The median survival from the onset of symptoms is six months. In this paper we report two cases of patients with primary mesothelioma of the pericardium without a definite history of asbestos exposure.
Quality of Life Assessment of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Panzini Ilaria , Fioritti Angelo , Gianni Lorenzo , Tassinari Davide , Canuti Debora , Fabbri Carla , Rudnas Britt , Desiderio Franco , Ravaioli Alberto
Published: April 2018

Aims and Background

According to the USA Food and Drug Administration, quality of life (QOL) and/or survival are a priority for new anticancer drug approval. This study was performed to review approaches to QOL in randomized controlled clinical trials (RCCTs) and to survey the use of such measures in trials.

Material and Methods

A literature survey was carried out using the Medline/Medscape, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Ovid databases. Included in the survey were all publications in the set period (from 1966 to June 2005) with “quality of life” in the title or in the abstract in the field of “randomized, controlled clinical trials”. Each trial was evaluated according to the level of importance of QOL as a measure of outcome (primary, important and secondary) and was analyzed using the quality scoring system reported by Nicolucci et al. with some items regarding QOL.

Results

Four hundred and five RCCT articles in the oncology setting were found. Fifty-six of the 405 (13.8%) publications had QOL as primary end point. The overall quality score of these trials ranged from 40% to 100%, with a median overall score of 80%. The overall score was correlated with the year of publication (P = 0.007), the type of journal (P = 0.05), the presence of a biostatistician among the authors (P = 0.001), and the number of participating institutions (P = 0.009).

Conclusions

More attention to QOL in all components of RCCTs (design, choice of instruments, data management and processing) is required from both clinicians and statisticians.
Primary Glioblastoma Multiforme in Younger Patients: A Single-institution Experience
Authors: Ulutin Cüneyt , Fayda Merdan , Aksu Gorkem , Cetinayak Oguz , Kuzhan Okan , Ors Fatih , Beyzadeoglu Murat
Published: April 2018

Aims and Background

To report our experience of patients with primary glioblastoma multiforme of young age by evaluating the characteristics, prognostic factors, and treatment outcomes.

Patients and Methods

Seventy patients with primary glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treated at our department between 1996 and 2004 were studied. The male-female ratio was 2.6:1. The median age was 53 (16-74). Sixty-eight patients (97%) were operated on before radiotherapy and 2 patients (3%) underwent only stereotactic biopsy. All patients received radiotherapy. Postoperative chemotherapy as an adjuvant to radiotherapy was given to 9 patients (12%). The patients were divided into 2 groups according to their age (group A ≤35 years, n = 21 vs group B >35 years, n = 49). Survival was determined with the Kaplan-Meier method and differences were compared using the log-rank test. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify the independent prognostic factors. Karnofsky performance status (≥70 vs <70), age (≤35 vs >35 years), gender, tumor size (≤4 vs >4 cm), number of involved brain lobes (1 vs more than 1), type of surgery (total vs subtotal), preoperative seizure history (present vs absent), radiotherapy field (total cranium vs partial), total radiotherapy dose (60 vs 66 Gy), and adjuvant chemotherapy (present vs absent) were evaluated in univariate analysis.

Results

The median survival was 10.3 months in the whole group, 19.5 months in the younger age group and 5.7 months in the older age group. During follow-up re-craniotomy was performed in 2 patients (3%), and 1 patient (1%) developed spinal seeding metastases and was given spinal radiotherapy. In univariate analysis younger age vs older age: median 19.5 months vs 5.27 months (P = 0.0012); Karnofsky performance status ≥70 vs <70: median 15.3 months vs 2.67 months (P <0.0001), and external radiotherapy dose 60 Gy vs 66 Gy: median 11.6 months vs 3 months (P = 0.02) were found as significant prognostic factors for survival. In regression analysis a worse performance status (KPS <70) was found to be the only independent factor for survival (P = 0.014, 95% CI HR = 0.0043 [0.0001-0.15]).

Conclusions

Younger patients with primary glioblastoma multiforme had a relatively long survival (median, 19.5 months, with a 2-year survival rate of 30%) compared to older patients. This was due particularly to their better performance status.
Coexpression of HER-2/neu and p53 in Breast Cancer Identifies a Subset with an Aggressive Biopathological Profile
Authors: Sidoni Angelo , Cavaliere Antonio , Bellezza Guido , Del Sordo Rachele , Angiero Francesca , Gori Stefania , Rulli Antonio , Bucciarelli Emilio
Published: April 2018

Aims and Background

Amplification/overexpression of HER-2/neu and inactivation of p53 may be reliable parameters for the prognostic assessment of breast carcinomas. Several studies have addressed the prognostic significance of simultaneous expression of these gene abnormalities with controversial results.

Methods

In this study we analyzed the biopathological profile of 45 breast cancers with both HER-2/neu and p53 overexpression and compared their features with those of 45 randomly selected cases negative for these gene products.

Results

Tumors with HER-2/neu and p53 coexpression were found in younger patients, were more often multifocal and/or multicentric, were poorly differentiated in 55% of cases and lymph node-positive in 57%, showing a statistically significant difference compared to tumors with neither alteration (11% and 28%, respectively). Moreover, they were prevalently negative for estrogen (71% vs 22%) and progesterone receptors (78% vs 40%) and showed a higher proliferative activity.

Conclusions

Our data demonstrate that the coexpression of p53 and HER-2/neu is an additive effect in terms of genetic instability reflected by both morphological and biological adverse features; patients with such coexpression should be assigned to specific therapeutic and follow-up protocols.
Diagnostic Imaging of Lung Cancer after Heart Transplantation
Authors: La Fianza Alfredo , Pellegrini Carlo , Berton Francesca , Rinaldi Mauro , Ippoliti Giovanbattista , Gorone Maria Sole Prevedoni , Viganò Mario
Published: April 2018

Aims and Background

In heart transplant recipients pulmonary neoplasms are among the most frequent solid tumors; they have a rapid and aggressive course, and therefore require an early diagnosis. We describe the role that diagnostic imaging plays in different diagnostic moments of this disease.

Methods

We evaluated the incidence and diagnosis of lung cancer in patients who underwent heart transplants at our institution. Taking into account the few different diagnostic imaging techniques (chest X-ray, high-resolution computed tomography [CT], staging CT and CT-guided biopsy) used in standard surveillance protocols or indicated by clinical symptoms, we evaluated their diagnostic accuracy, their efficacy in tumor staging, and their impact on the therapeutic choices.

Results

Seventeen neoplasms in a total of 712 patients were diagnosed (2.4%). In 16 of these 17 cases chest X-ray (routinely performed as follow-up in 11 cases, indicated by symptoms in 5 cases) was diagnostic. In another 11 cases chest X-ray was false positive. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of chest X-ray was 98%, 91%, 98%, 50%, and 99%, respectively. Total-body CT correctly staged the tumors and provided information as to whether surgery was indicated or not (stage II or advanced).

Conclusions

Chest X-ray is still the surveillance radiological technique in heart transplant recipients. Considering its low specificity and sensitivity, we propose high-resolution CT imaging during follow-up to identify pulmonary lesions as soon as possible and enable a differential diagnosis with parenchymal inflammation. The use of CT-guided fine-needle biopsy and culture examinations permits to differentiate neoplastic from inflammatory parenchymal opacities. Use of CT in cancer staging is effective for subsequent treatment choices.
Presentation of Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumor of the Testis with Symptomatic Solitary Bone Metastasis. A Case Report with Review of the Literature
Authors: Benedetti Giovanni , Rastelli Francesca , Fedele Massimo , Castellucci Paolo , Damiani Stefania , Crinò Lucio
Published: April 2018

Metastatic bone lesions are exceptional at diagnosis in germ cell tumors (GCTs). Bone involvement is usually a late event combined with synchronous metastasis in the retroperitoneal lymph nodes, lung and liver. Bone examination is not considered a standard procedure in the staging of GCTs, and this may contribute to underestimation of the real proportion of bone metastases. Here we report a case of nonseminomatous GCT of the testis with a synchronous, symptomatic, solitary pubic bone metastasis that was completely controlled by systemic chemotherapy and locoregional radiation therapy. Solitary bone metastases from GCTs seem to be chemosensitive and radiosensitive, but we do not know their prognostic value. We reviewed the literature where 3 similar cases have been reported. We propose individualized management for symptomatic GCT patients including bone scintigraphy and/or PET examination at diagnosis and a combined cytotoxic approach with chemotherapy and radiation therapy
A Case of Pancreatic Heterotopy of Duodenal Wall, Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Tumor and Intraepithelial Neoplasm of Pancreas, Papillary Carcinoma of Kidney in a Single Patient
Authors: Nobili Cinzia , Franciosi Claudio , Degrate Luca , Caprotti Roberto , Romano Fabrizio , Perego Elisa , Trezzi Rosangela , Leone Biagio Eugenio , Uggeri Franco
Published: April 2018

We report a case of the contemporaneous presence of two histologically different pancreatic neoplasms, one renal cancer and one embryogenic duodenal anomaly in a single patient. A 66-year-old man underwent ultrasound examination because of urinary disorders; a solid neoformation within the inferior pole of the left kidney was observed. Computed tomography confirmed the renal lesion, but also a heterogeneous mass within the pancreatic head appeared without bile ducts dilatation. Abdominal magnetic resonance revealed a multiloculated cystic component of the pancreatic mass. A second CT scan confirmed the renal and biliary findings, but it revealed a modest enlargement of the pancreatic asymptomatic mass. A resection of the left kidney inferior pole and a pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy were performed. Histopathologic analysis of the surgical specimen revealed mild differentiated papillary renal carcinoma, intraductal papillary mucinous adenoma of the pancreatic head, foci of intraepithelial pancreatic neoplasm and pancreatic heterotopy of duodenal muscular and submucosal layers. The coexistence of several primaries and anomalies in one patient led us to suppose a genetic predisposition to different lesions, even in the absence of known familial genetic syndromes. The study of such cases may help to improve the investigation of molecular correlations and etiological factors of different solid tumors. Nowadays, surgery is the only effective cure.
Tumori in Diverse Specie Del Genere Drosophila
Authors: Brncic Danko , Koref Susie
Published: April 2018

Melanotic bodies, in all similar to the tumors described in Drosophila melanogaster, were found in natural populations of the following species of the genus Drosophila: D. campestris, D. bainderantorum, D. bocainensis. D. griseolineata, D. guaramunú, D. immigrans, D. mediostriata, D. mediopunctata, D. nebulosa, D. repleta, D. simulans, D. sturtevanti, D. virilis, D. willstoni.

In stocks maintained in the laboratory for a long time, it was determined that the frequency of tumors varied from 0 to 5‰, with a mean value of 1-2‰. The highest percentage was found in the D. sturtevanti - Belem strain (2.08%). Different strains from a same species had different tumor frequencies.

The study of the offspring of tumor bearing flies, and the cross of strains selected for a high frequency of tumors, reveled that these were inherited through rcessive genes of incomplete penetrance.

As in D. melanogaster, the tumors appear in the larval stage and regress at the end of this period loading themeselves with melanic pigments. These melanized tumor rests persist in the pupae and adults’ as foreing bodies which apparently produce no important alterations to their bearers.
La Radiumterapia Delle Recidive E Delle Metastasi Cutanee E Linfoghiandolari Regionali Del Carcinoma Della Mammella Operato. Risultati Conseguiti in 332 Casi Nel Decennio 1939 - 1948
Authors: Fossati Franco
Published: April 2018

The following results were obtained by radiumtherapy in 332 cases of recurrences and metastases of the skin and regional lymph nodes treated from 1939 to 1948 in the Radiological Department of the Cancer Institute in Milan.

Survival cases after 5 years: 14,8 per cent in cases of recurrences or gangliar metastases treated by combined surgery and radiumtherapy; 13,5 per cent in cases of gangliar metastases treated by radiumtherapy alone; 12,5 per cent in cases of recurrences and regional skin metastases treated by radiumtherapy alone.

A 7,6 per cent of survival was obtained by radiumtherapy alone in cases of recurrences or skin metastases with regional metastasized lymph nodes.
Il Significato delle Cellule Giganti da Corpo Estraneo nelle Metastasi Linfoghiandolari Carcinomatose
Authors: Zorzi Mario
Published: April 2018

The giant-cell reaction of the lymphatic nodes invaded by metastases of highly differentiated spinocellular carcinomas is described; it is considered as a defensive reaction of the lymphatic nodes associated with an involutive tendency of the epithelial proliferations.
I TUMORI DELLA PAROTIDE E LA LORO TERAPIA
Authors: Pricolo V. , Di Pietro S. , Catania C. V.
Published: April 2018

116 cases of parotid tumours are examined from the histological, clinical and therapeutical point of view. The difficulty of diagnosis between benign and malignant tumours, the relative frequency of the latter, the latent malignancy of mixed tumours and their frequent recurrences after simple surgical removal are considered. The total parotidectomy with preservation of the facial nerve is proposed. By this surgical technique a radical removal of the tumour is obtained without damaging the function of the nerve. A restricted or a more radical surgical treatment as well as irradiation may be adopted in some cases.
IL PROBLEMA DELL’ EREDITARIETA’ NEOPLASTICA NELL’ UOMO 2° - IL CANCRO DELLA MAMMELLA
Authors: Bucalossi Pietro , Veronesi Umberto , Pandolfi Anna
Published: April 2018

A statistical study on tumour heredity has been carried out on 230 patients bearing mammary carcinoma (probands); the results are compared with those obtained in a similar investigation carried out on 230 healthy subjects (controls). The neoplastic incidence in all sites and particularly in the breast was found to be higher in the relatives of cancerous probands than in those of controls. This is confirmed by the χ2 test.
«VARIAZIONI ISTOCHIMICHE DEL CONNETTIVO DI NEOPLASIE MAMMARIE SOTTOPOSTE A ROENTGENTERAPIA » : Osservazioni preliminari sul comportamento della frazione mucopolisaccaridica
Authors: Pisani Giovanni , Romanini Attilio
Published: April 2018

The mucopolysaccharide fraction is found to be diminished in the neoplastic connective tissue of breast submitted to irradiation.
SUL COMPORTAMENTO DEL RAPPORTO CITOPLASMATICO-NUCLEARE DETERMINATO SU SEZIONI DI FEGATO DI TOPI ALBINI CANCERIZZABILI SEGUITI DALLA NASCITA ALLA SENESCENZA » (nota preventiva)
Authors: Franzini Carlo , Sorrentino Renato , Mezzetti Piero
Published: April 2018

Cytometric researches were carried out on liver of albino mice (mus musculus) of six different strains in order to study the cytoplasm-nucleus ratio. The examinations were performed at the following age after birth: 12 hours, 8 days, 33 days, 3 months, 1 year, 2 years. « Mipro 3 » microscope was used; the sections were stained by hematoxylin-eosin and by the Lillie method (allochromatic method). A gradual increase of the cytoplasm-nucleus ratio was observed according to the age. The highest values of this relation were found after 1 year of age.
RICERCHE BIOMETRICHE SULLA CANCEROGENESI CUTANEA. III. AZIONE DELL'OLIO DI CROTON SULL'EPIDERMIDE IRRADIATA CON RAGGI X MOLLI.
Authors: Biagini Carissimo , Castellani Amleto , Severi Clara
Published: April 2018

1) 350 mice of a genetically pure strain were irradiated on the skin with 1000 r of soft X rays. On a half of such animals a treatment with croton oil was undertaken, lasting 3 months; the other half was left without any further treatment. No neoplastic growth was observed.

2) A biometric analysis of the skin at different times has shown a thickening of the epidermis in both sets of animals but with different characters: in the solely irradiated epidermis a swelling of the cytoplasms is observed, whereas in the irradiated and croton-oil treated epidermis an increase of the nuclear bulk (besides the swelling of cytoplasm) and an increase in the number of cells are observed. The increase of the nuclear bulk appears as a rythmic growth.

3) The causes of the lack of the co-carcinogenic effect are discussed.
« Azione Colchicino-Simile di un Derivato Acridinico e Azione Combinata di Tale Composto e di Colchicina Sopra le Cellule Emopoietiche Dell'Embrione di Pollo »
Authors: Monesi Valerio
Published: April 2018

The antimitotic action of an acridine derivative (Italchina Farmitalia = Atebrin = 6-chloro-2-methoxy-9-α-diethylamino-δ-pentilaminoacridine) administered alone and in association with Colchicine has been studied on basophil megaloblasts of chick embryos.

In comparison to the controls, the following results have been obtained in the embryos treated with Italchina:

1) A marked decrease of mitotic index.

2) A high percentage increase of metaphases and significant percentage diminution of pro-, ana- and telophases.

3) Degenerative cytolytic lesions of interphasic nuclei and mitotic lesions: sticking of chromosomes, anaphase bridges, chromosomes breaking, irregular and often picnotic metaphases.

On the basis of the obtained results it is stated that Italchina exerts a double mitostatic action: a pre-prophasic action (radiomimetic) and a statmokinetic one (colchicine-like).

The combined treatment Italchina + Colchicine shows that Italchina enhances the action of Colchicine.

The conclusions obtained by Rondoni and Necco on the in vitro fibroblasts of chick embryos are confirmed.
Il Problema delle Metastasi Tumorali
Authors: Gallico Edoardo , Pizzetti Federico
Published: April 2018

The authors discuss the biological factors concerned with aggressivity and invasivity of tumor cells. They analyse the data of 1000 autopsies performed at the National Cancer Institute and describe the percentage of lmphatic and hematic spread and the frequency of metastatic deposits to the different organs. The authors emphasize that metastasizability depends upon hydrodynamic factors of the lymphatic and hematic circulation. The hematic spread can be studies through the schemes of Walther. They discuss the possibility that sarcoma cells can go through the lung filter and they point out the significance of the anastomoses between cavae veins and vertebral veinous (Batson) plexus.
Contributo All'Interpretazione delle Reazioni Nucleari delle Cellule Neopastiche alle Radiazioni Ionizzanti in Carcinomi della Portio
Authors: Pisani Giovanni , Marchetti Roberto
Published: April 2018

Researches have been carried out with the « cariologic » method on portio carcinomas treated by radiumtherapy, in order to study the behaviour of tumour cells nuclei under the action of ionizing radiations. It has been noticed that:

1) A total descruction of all neoplastic cells may be obtained with doses of 9600 mgrh.

2) The number of « A » nuclei is markedly reduced already during the first phases of radiumtherapy, while the hypochromatic « B » nuclei and the picnotic ones increase at first and then disappear.

The possibility is admitted that ionizing radiations may determine the transformation of A cells in B cells and picnotic elements following genoma alterations as well as a radical deviation of the nucleo- proteic metabolism.

The hypothesis is presented that the nuclear phenomena, characteristic of the irradiated cells, may depend on the same process of altered synthesis of nucleic acids.
RICERCHE SPERIMENTALI CIRCA GLI EFFETTI DELL'IPOFISECTOMIA SULL'ATTECCHIMENTO E SULLA CRESCITA DEL TUMORE TRAPIANTABILE DI WALKER DEL RATTO
Authors: Rock T. , Rabotti G. C.
Published: April 2018

I - In 5 hypophysectomized rats the curve of body weight was observed: the changes from the 10 th to the 30 th day after operation were unsignificant.

II - 30 hypophysectomized rats were inoculated with Walker carcinoma and 30 normal rats were likewise inoculated and kept as controls. No statistical valuable difference in the positive taking of the transplants was observed.

III - Tumor growth (measured by the weight as well as by the volume of tumours) was reduced by about one third in the hypophysectomized rats in comparison to the controls: a positive influence of the hypophysis on tumour growth may be admitted.

IV - The hypophysis is not essential for the taking of the transplant, but exerts an influence in the following growth period.
AMINOACIDI LIBERI NEL TUMORE DI WALKER E NEGLI ORGANI DEL RATTO PORTATORE
Authors: Castro V. , Monaco P.
Published: April 2018

The free amino acids content in the Walker tumour and in some organs (liver, lung and skeletal muscle) of the tumour-bearing rats has been chromatograprically determined at different times after the tumour implantation. The contents were very poor in the first stages of the tumour growth but they largely increased with the tumour growth. In the organs of the tumour-bearing rats the aminoacids contents were considerably modified in comparison with the normal animals.
Risultati Ottenuti Con La Roentgenterapia Preoperatoria in 343 Casi Di Carcinoma Della Mammella
Authors: Pisani Giovanni , Malaspina Adalberto
Published: April 2018

343 patients with mammary carcinoma at the I, II and III stage according to Steinthal have been treated by pre-operatory roentgentherapy in the Cancer Department of Novara (from 1-1-1939 to 31-12-1949) Results are referred. The following percentages of survival free of symptomatology were obtained.

5 years after operation: 2,3 per cent for all the patients under observation (343); 65 per cent for the patients at the I and II stage according to Steinthal (245); 24,5 per cent for those at the III stage or intermediate between the II and III stage.

10 years after operation: 37 per cent for all patients without consideration of the stage (135); 48 per cent for those at the I and II stage according to Steinthal (95); 10 per cent for those at the II stage or intermediate between the II and III stage.
Modificazione Della Basofilia Epatica in Animali Portatori Di Tumori Sperimentali
Authors: Ceriotti Giovanni
Published: April 2018

Spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma and methylcholanthrene sarcoma were transplanted into mice bearing sarcoma 180. An increase of basophilia was observed in the liver cells and is described at different time intervals after transplantation. Such increase is due to ribonucleoproteins and has been demonstrated by means of a modified Giemsa method, here described. The meaning of the phenomenon is discussed, basing on the present knowledge about liver changes induced by tumours. The obtained data suggest the hypothesis that some substances released by the tumour may enter into circulation, causing an alteration of the liver metabolism (consisting in a prevalence of the reproductive phenomena on the functional ones).
A Proposito di 3 Casi di Mastite Plasmacellulare Neoplastiformf: (Granuloma Mammario Plasmacellulare)
Authors: Patellani Eugenio
Published: April 2018

Three cases of « neoplastiform plasmaceli mastitis » (from a review of 300 cases of mammary tumour pathology) are described, pointing out the rare observation of such cases in the Italian literature. The anatomo-clinical picture is illustrated and the characteristic clinical symptomatology is ascribed to the periductal granulomatous process and to the se-cundary sclerosis. The semeiotic and laboratory data which may favour a differential diagnosis are considered and the possibility of a neoplastic evolution of the usuali benign lesion is advanced.
Considerazioni Su 27 Casi Di Tumori Primitivi Retroperitoneali
Authors: Bucalossi P. , Pricolo V. , Di Pietro S.
Published: April 2018

27 cases of primary retroperitoneal tumours are described. They are divided into: 1) mesenchimal tumours; 2) lymphoglandular tumours; 3) nervous tumours; 4) tumours from embryonal rests. Considerations are briefly exposed on the spreading and metastases of such tumours, on the anamnestic and clinical data and on the radiological method which may be utilized for a diagnosticai ascertainment. The treatment of election is the surgical one, completed by radiological therapy in the radiosensitive cases. A table is reported in which the performed treatments and the late results are summarized.
« Le Mastzellen Nell'Adenocarcinoma Di Walker Nel Corso Di Trattamento Con Estrogeni »
Authors: Baglioni T. , Lorenzoni L.
Published: April 2018

The Mastcells were observed in the peritumoral capsule and in the mass of the Walker carcinoma of the rat treated with synthetic estrogens; the variations, prevailing of numerical type, are described. From the obtained results and from a parallelism observed between quantitative variations of the Mastcells and of the fine argentophilic fibrils some considerations are derived.
« Osservazioni Sul Comportamento Ormonale Sessuale Di Alcune Carcinomatose Uterine Prima E Dopo Trattamento Chirurgico Ed Attinico »
Authors: Balassi Gian Piero
Published: April 2018

The present knowledge on the hormonal behaviour of patients with uterus carcinoma is surveyed. The results obtained in 8 women before and after surgical and actinic treatment are illustrated. A complete resolution of the dyshormonal condition (at least for the estrogenic condition) is not obtained with these treatments. A slight reestablishment of the androgen incretion in observed, but it is doubtful if it is due to a real improvement of the adrenocortical activity or rather to collateral factors. The progestinic condition is apparently unvaried. Prolonged and strong complementary treatments with testoprogestin hormones are therefore advised.
Il Cancro Della Lingua E Le Sue Metastasi: Rendiconto clinico-statistico di 772 casi
Authors: Bucalossi Pietro , Di Pietro Sergio
Published: April 2018

772 carcinomas of the tongue, observed in the Cancer Institute of Milano from 1928 to 1951, are considered from a statistical, clinical and therapeutical standpoint. Their incidence corresponds to the 3,5 per cent of all malignant tumours observed in the same period. Male patients represent the 84 per cent; mean age 62 years.. Tabagism, dental or prosthetic trauma, leukoplakia and papillomatosis, syphilis, are to be looked upon as pathogenetic factors. In the 70 per cent the neoplasm is arising from the lingual margins, in the 15 per cent from the base. The 95 per cent of cases were spinocellular carcinomas. The subjective symptomatology is often moderate, even in relatively advanced stages. A bioptical examination is always advised, notwithstanding the rather easy diagnosis. Interstitial radium therapy, by needles and cells implant, is still the most used treatment; a reawakened interest in surgery, either alone or in combination with radiation, is however observed, especially as concerns a block removal of the tumour and node metastases with or without mandibular resection. The 77 per cent of patients showed a satisfactory response to the therapy. 5 years survivals were observed in the 21,4 per cent of the cases treated from 1928 to 1935 and in the 38,6 per cent of those treated from 1936 to 1950. Curability rate was higher in the forms involving the tongue dorsum, and in women. Cervical lymph nodes metastases are frequent (about 60 per cent of cases) and often difficult to detect at early stages; the prevailing seat is the homolateral jugular chain. Such metastases are only treated by surgical operation, consisting in homolateral neck dissection which must be systematically carried out after treatment of the tongue cancer. A radical dissection can be performed, being operatory risk unsignificant and late results good (42 per cent 5 years survivals out of 212 operated patients in comparison with 35,3 per cent ouf of 181 less advanced cases not submitted to dissection). The importance of a precautionary neck dissection is emphasized. Further improvements in the treatment of the primary tumour and a larger adoption of a block removal of tumour and metastases in the most advanced cases are advocated.
L'azione Di Talune Sostanze Antiblastiche Saggiata Col « Test Tonsillare »
Authors: Pizzetti F. , Leonardelli G. B. , Tenaglia C.
Published: April 2018

Lymphatic and epithelial tissues of the palatine tonsil have been studied by « tonsillar test » in rabbits treated with the following antiblastic substances: colcemid, podophyllotoxin glycoside, myelucin, 6-mercaptopurine, butazolidine and kellin.
Atteggiamenti Pseudoneoplastici Nelle Flogosi Croniche ad Impronta Linfocitaria Della Ghiandola Parotide
Authors: Leonardelli G. B. , Ricci V.
Published: April 2018

9 cases of lymphocitary chronic nodular phlogosis of the parotid gland are studied. The different pathogenetic factors are discussed and the relationship with Hashimoto thyroiditis (histologically similar) is examined. On the basis of microscopical investigations, showing the presence of intraparotidean lymphnodes (including salivary epithelial elements), these « pseudo-tumoral nodular hyperplastic » aspects are suggested to be derived from chronic phlogistic hyperplasy of the pre-existent lymphnodes. The morphological alterations of the parotidean glandular elements and the eventual malignant transformation are pointed out.
Su Alcune Recenti Ricerche Dell'Istituto Dt Genetica Dei Tumori Di Milano
Authors: Gianferrari Luisa
Published: April 2018

Statistical researches have been carried out on the familial incidence of tumours of various sites (leukemia, utenrie, prostatic, vesical, mammary cancer, retinal glioma). The purpose of the investigation was to study the significance of a familial factor in neoplastic manifestation. The results have been reported in this paper.
Considerazioni Sulla Prognosi Del Linfogranuloma Maligno, Basata Sulle Caratteristiche Istologiche Della Malattia, Rilevabili Mediante Biopsia
Authors: de Donato Enrico , Rigat Luigi
Published: April 2018

The importance of the histological features (bioptical examination) for the prognosis of Hodgkin's disease is considered. All the cases treated in the Radiological Center of the Milan University from 1928 to 1949 and histologically examined by the Authors were classified according to Jackson and Parker. On the basis of the survival data, no evident correlation was observed between histological picture and clinical course. This is likely due to the fact that a single bioptical examination is not sufficient for the classification of Hodgkin's disease, owing to its histological polymorphism and variability.
Variazioni Del Contenuto in Mucoproteine Percloricosolubili Del Plasma e Del Connettivo Sottocutaneo in Ratti Trattati Con Estrogeni Di Sintesi
Authors: Lorenzoni Laura
Published: April 2018

Variations in the perchlorsoluble mucoprotein contents (expressed as tyrosine and hydrocarbon equivalent) have been studied in plasma and subcutaneous connective tissue of rats of both sexes treated with synthetic estrogen (dioxy-diethylstilbene). An increase in the contents was observed both in blood and connective tissue after administration of 9, 24, 50 mg in males and 24, 50 mg in females. No significant modifications were observed after administration of 100 mg in males and 9, 100 mg in females. Some possible interpretations are advanced.
La Struttura Delle Proteine Epatiche in Corso Di Cancerogenesi Da P-Dimetilaminoazobenzene: Osservazioni Viscosimetriche e Denaturazione Da Urea
Authors: Lado P. , Rabotti G. C.
Published: April 2018

The viscosimetric behaviour of three protein fractions from liver has been studied in 4 groups of rats (normal rats, rats fed Cantero diet alone, Cantero diet + DAB, rats bearing developed hepatoma). The treated rats were sacrificed at different times from the beginning of treatment. The protein fractions were obtained from 3 subsequent extractions from liver and from hepatoma:

1) 0,9 per cent NaCl solution buffered with phosphates (pH 7).

2) 10 per cent NaCl solution (pH 6,25).

3) 0,2 per cent NaOH solution (pH 12).

The starting point of these researches is to be looked for in the conception supported by Rondoni that the cell cancerization does not represent a chemical modification at the atomic level but rather an architectural modification of protoplasmatic macromolecules, of their configuration and of intermolecular relation at supermolecular and ultrastructural level.

The following conclusions may be drawn:

I) A decrease of total N content has been observed in the liver during hepatomas formation. Some hypothesis on this subject are advanced, basing upon N distribution in the three groups of the examined proteins.

II) In the four animal groups no significant viscosimetric differences have been observed in the protein extracts in saline solution and in NaCl.

III) A significant increase in viscosity has been observed for the nucleoprotein fraction extracted by sodium hydrate: such increase is progressive in the treated animals and reaches the highest value in those bearing hepatomas. The altered viscosity is likely ascribable to a structural alteration of some protein or nucleoprotein macromolecules (denaturation or polymerization) of liver cells during carcinogenesis.

IV) The viscosimetric determinations have been repeated after denaturation of the protein solution by urea: concordant results have been observed in the 4 groups of animals as concerns the obtained fractions.

After treatment, the viscosimetric behaviour confirms the presence of globular proteins in the first fraction and filamentous proteins in the second one. In the third fraction, proteins having globular behaviour are observed, likely due to the splitting of the filamentous structure brought about by sodium hydrate.
Influenza Dell'ormone Somatotropo Sulla Crescita dei Fibroblasti di Cuore di Embrione di Pollo « in Vitro »
Authors: Valerio Monesi
Published: April 2018

The effect of the somatotropic hormone on the « in vitro » growth of explants from chick embryos are studied. According to literature data, it would be suggested that the peripheral effects of the somatotropic hormone (diabetogenous and growth promoting effect) may be indirect, that is related, at least in part, to the glucagone secretion.

Aim of the present study is the demonstration of a possible direct action of the hypophyseal growth hormone.

The growth was determined by micrometric meauserements of the migration area of explants in 4 days old cultures.

A 26,98 per cent growth increase was exerted by STH at a concentration of 1/1.000.000, no action at a concentration of 1/200.000 and a 33,11 per cent growth inhibition at a concentration of 1/100.000.

The apparently paradoxical action of high doses could be likely related to the glycoinhibiting effect of the growth hormone (prevention of glucokinase reaction). Such effect may be subliminal with low doses, which would therefore demonstrate only the growth promoting action (stimulation of the protein anabolism); with increased doses it would reach the sensitivity threshold of the cell by abolishing at first and by inverting later the hormone activity.
Considerazioni su due Casi di Inclusione di Epitelio Tubarico nel Parenchima Ovarico (Endosalpingiosi)
Authors: Bianco R.
Published: April 2018

Endosalpingiosis of the ovary is considered. It is a finding unfrequently quoted in the literature though it may be a starting point of endosalpingioma. The possibility of mistaking endometriosis with endosalpingiosis and vice versa is mentioned. The two cases under examination are looked upon as a proof that all the three pathogenetic theories of endometriosis and endosalpingiosis (migratory, embryonary, metaplasic) may be accepted.
Presenza e Significato dei Lipidi Nei Tumori
Authors: Lopez M.
Published: April 2018

The most important knowledge on the presence of lipids in tumours and their significance for fats metabolism are synthetically exposed. Fatty granules frequently occur in tumours (stroma and parenchymatous cells). In some cases their presence is related either to necrosis or to functional activity (secretion, etc.); in other ones. epithelial or connective in nature, there is a constant and diffused presence of fat, perhaps in close relation with fats metabolism.
I. - Indagini Sul Metabolismo di Fosforo Nucleinico di Tumori da Trapianto - Inibizione da Tiopirimidine
Authors: Di Marco A. , Gaetani M. , Necco A. , Polvani F. , Silvestrini R.
Published: April 2018

Our previous researches made evident the inhibiting action of a pyrimidine analogue (2-thio-5-methylcytosine) on the growth of some experimental tumors. Therefore an investigation has been carried out in order to study wheter an inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis is associated with the tumor growth inhibition.

The ARG technique, or stripping technique, has been employed with 32P as tracer element. The research has been carried out on rats bearing Walker carcinosarcoma and treated with 2-thio-5-methylcytosine.

The employed ARG technique, which shows only the 32P bound to nucleic acids, allows also a quantitative evaluation of radiophosphorus uptake in those tumor areas showing a more active growth and no necrosis. In addition it gives evidence to the presence, in treated tumors, of areas histologicall unaltered which do not take up radiophosphorus.

In the group of the treated tumors the 32P uptake was found to be the 17 per cent lower than in the controls, 24 hours already after the drug administration. A further decrease is observed following subsequent administrations. Forty eight hours after the drug injection the values of 32P uptake show an increase and overcome even those of the controls (+21 per cent). The values of mitotic coefficients parallel those of 32P uptake. In the intestinal mucosa of the treated animals both 32P uptake and the mitotic coefficient are found to be unmodified during the treatment and somewhat diminished after it as expression of a cumulative effect of the drug.
Linfosarcoma e Reticolosarcoma Della Mammella (Contributo Casistico)
Authors: Bellini F.
Published: April 2018

Two cases of mammary sarcoma (lymphosarcoma and reticulosarcoma) are presented. The histological and histogenetical characteristics as well as the clinical and morphological ones are shortly considered.
Su Un Raro Caso di Neurofibroma Plessiforme Del Pavimento Orale
Authors: De Feo Guido
Published: April 2018

A case of plexiform neurofibroma of the oral floor is described, its rarity underlined and its pathogenesis discussed. The different hypotheses concerning the tumours of the peripheral nervous system are referred and cases from the literature showing similarities with the one under examination are reviewed.
Dati Clinico-Statistici Nella Granulomatosi Maligna
Authors: Ippolito Guido , Lamoretti G. Franco
Published: April 2018

The incidence and behaviour of Hodgkin's disease in the province of Parma have been statistically considered.
Effetti Del Trattamento Con Metilnaftochinoni Ed Acido Feniletilacetico Sullo Sviluppo Del Sarcoma Galliera Del Ratto
Authors: Montini T. , Prussia G.
Published: April 2018

Data on the importance of sterols in the biochemism of tumour cells are briefly exposed, particularly as concerns the enhanced cholesterol turnover of the cell.

An investigation has been carried out on the effects of a substance enhancing the endogenous biosynthesis (methylnaphthoquinone) and of a compound inhibiting it (phenylethylacetic acid).

In rats the naphthoquinone derivatives with vitamin activity were found to stimulate the development rate of sarcoma Galliera. As for phenylethylacetic acid, microscopical ponderal data did not show any action.
Indagini Sulla Funzione Corticosurrenale in Pazienti Affetti Da Neoplasie Maligne
Authors: Bottiglioni E. , Sturani P.L. , Nanni E.
Published: April 2018

17-ketosteroids urinary elimination as well as corticotropin Thorn test have been studied in 46 patients affected with neoplastic diseases. In monocentric tumours (epithelial and connective-tissue tumours of any organs with unifocal development) a decreased urinary elimination of androgen metabolites and a normal response to Thorn test were observed. On the contrary, an apposite functional behaviour of the adrenal cortex was demonstrated in systemic tumours, resulting in an abundant elimination of urinary 17-ketosteroids and absent fall of hematic eosinophils after corticotropic stimulation. Some interpretative hypotheses are advanced.
In Tema Di Poliblastomatosi Maligna: Epitelioma del Pene Associato a Carcinoma Dello Stomaco
Authors: Grampa Giuseppe
Published: April 2018

A short account on malignant polyblastomatosis is given and a case of epithelioma of the penis associated with gastric carcinoma in a luetic man 48 years old is described. A lung metastasis from the penis epithelioma and liver, lymph nodes, pleura, microscopic lung metastases from the gastric carcinoma were present.

The presence of lung metastases from both tumours is pointed out as a contribution to the knowledge of multiple tumours metastases; the interest of the lung metastasis from a cancer of the penis more than 1 year after radical surgery is emphasized.

The occurrence of the cancer of the penis may have been favoured by syphilis, which cannot be regarded as a predisposing factor to the polyblastomatosis.
Biochimica Dei Tessuti Iperplastici: Modificazioni Del Metabolismo Cellulare Indotte Dalla Rigenerazione Epatica
Authors: Pileri A. , Camurati P. , Gavosto F.
Published: April 2018

The dynamic cell processes connected with liver regeneration have been studied as follows: 1) ribonucleic and desoxyribonucleic contents; 2) transamination reactions (glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and glutamic-piruvic transaminase); 3) reactions related to the peptides constitution and demolition (dipeptidase); 4) reactions involved in the hydrolytic release of phosphoric bounds (alkaline phosphomonoesterase, acid pyrophosphatase, gluco-6-phosphatase); 5) reactions entering in nucleotides splitting and formation (nucleotidase).

It has been particularly observed that the metabolic differences between normal and regenerating liver are mainly quantitative and that the enhancement of proteosynthesis does not necessarily imply a simultaneous enhancement of all the related biochemical activities.
Osservazioni Istochimiche Quantitative Sul Contenuto in Acido Ribonucleico in Vari Tipi Di Tumori Epiteliali Dello Stomaco
Authors: Amistani B. , Calafati F. , Galli P.
Published: April 2018

Researches previously carried out by one of us (Amistani) were continued. RNA content has been quantitatively determined (cytochemical method) in the cells of 37 epithelial tumours of the stomach. Considerations are drawn on the relations between concentration degree of RNA in the tumour cells and histological and clinical features of the examined tumours. To a higher malignancy and a lower age of the patients generally corresponds a lower content of the biochemical component.