bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Grammatical Features of Hedging
Authors: Mihatsch Wiltrud
Published: January 2025

The terms “hedge” for types of expressions and “hedging” for their strategic communicative use encompass a variety of formal procedures and communicative functions, which, although often not easily delineated, must be clearly distinguished in analysis and application. In this entry, I will distinguish hedges operating on the propositional level, that is, approximators, from illocutionary hedges, that is, mitigators. One important link between hedges belonging to these different levels is their general metacommunicative contribution. This explains why synchronically, approximators may be employed as mitigators, and certain mitigators may also be employed as approximators. In some cases, such discourse effects may become part of the conventional meaning of an expression, leading to polysemy. This also explains why approximators and mitigators are formally highly heterogeneous and range from well‐established devices to discourse strategies. Approximators flexibilizing the interpretation of lexical items, the so‐called adaptors, tend to have narrow scope over lexical expressions and syntagms containing lexical expressions, especially nouns. Rounders, that is, approximators modifying numerals such as
roughly
, are often adverbs, which also have narrow scope. Mitigators are employed to guarantee self‐image preservation and they are linked to a series of interactional goals. Most mitigators have scope over speech acts and can occupy a variety of syntactic positions. They are often detached from the host sentence and may appear at the right or left sentence periphery. While approximators tend to be lexical or possibly grammatical items, most well‐established mitigators belong to the category of pragmatic markers.
Linear Unit Grammar—A Real‐Time Grammar
Authors: Mauranen Anna
Published: January 2025

The
Linear Unit Grammar
(LUG) seeks to bridge the gap between ongoing speech and conventional grammatical analysis. In other words, it closes the gap between the linearity, or temporal dynamics, of discourse and the hierarchy of grammar. It seeks to capture the listener's experience of speech segmentation and analyses this in terms of a theoretical model which can also feed into a fine‐tuned analysis by more traditional grammars. LUG consists of two main stages: (a) breaking down a stretch of discourse into intuitive chunks and (b) imposing an analytical framework on those chunks. Together, these stages result in a grammatical analysis of continuous discourse such as spontaneous speech. A fundamental assumption underpinning the model is that speech processing involves segmenting the speech we hear into meaningful units, but that these units cannot be determined beforehand in formal terms. Recently, evidence from cognitive research has shown that this is roughly what takes place in language processing. It is much like perceptual processing more generally, which consists in chunking up incoming information and processing it rapidly into more abstract representations. This corresponds to LUG's first stage. Once the chunks are discovered, for example, experimentally by asking listeners to chunk up speech they hear, the grammatical analysis can be applied to these chunks in phase two. LUG is non‐hierarchical, and by accounting for the whole speech flow, remains close to the language experience of a learner, facilitating their grasp of linguistic structure and appreciating its relevance.
Multilingualism and Attitudes
Authors: Ó Riagáin Pádraig
Published: January 2025

Language attitudes are defined as evaluative reactions to language, and research on the topic is spread across the social sciences. Language attitudes research has created a very large body of data which has an impressive geographical range and which has generally yielded consistent results concerning how people evaluate different language varieties and speakers of those varieties. The article presents a selective and critical account of the findings from this research. It is organized around the main methodological approaches involved—that is, experimental, ethnographic, and survey methods. The research shows that languages, dialects, and accents used within a given society can be ordered on a hierarchy of prestige, broadly corresponding to the socioeconomic status of the social groups that use them. A significant policy issue concerns the extent to which, and in what contexts, language attitudes in multilingual contexts lead to the normalization of linguistic diversity or, alternatively, to added hostility and conflicts among those in different ethnolinguistic groups. The article briefly considers some methodological shortcomings in each approach and concludes by noting some integrative developments that are likely to shape future research in this field.
Grammar and Evaluation
Authors: Hidalgo‐Downing Laura
Published: January 2025

Grammatical and lexical resources in a language like English are used by speakers to express evaluation, which is concerned with the expression of a speaker's attitude toward, viewpoint on or feelings about what is being talked about. Although some grammatical categories, such as modal verbs, adverbs, adjectives, and some grammatical patterns, are prototypically used to express evaluation and the related concepts of stance and appraisal, different grammars and monographs approach the relation between grammar and evaluation in different ways. This entry addresses three main issues in the study of grammar and evaluation. First, approaches to evaluation differ depending on whether they adopt a narrower approach, focusing only on modality, or a broader one, which includes attitudinal meanings as well as modality. Second, the concept of evaluation itself is subject to different interpretations; some approaches adopt the concept of “stance” as an overarching notion that includes evaluation as its actual instantiation in discourse, while other approaches use the terms “stance,” “attitude,” and “appraisal” as near synonyms of evaluation. Third, some key aspects regarding the relation between grammar and evaluation are the source of ongoing debates, such as the extent to which it is possible to distinguish between the grammatical and the lexical marking of evaluation, the extent to which evaluation is expressed explicitly or implicitly and the difficulties in identifying evaluation in discourse.
Pragmatic Markers in Dutch
Authors: Foolen Ad , van der Wouden Ton
Published: January 2025

Pragmatic markers (PMs) contextualize speech acts and propositional content. They can be subcategorized on the basis of syntactic and functional criteria. Three subgroups of PMs in Dutch are focused on: discourse particles, focus particles, and modal particles. In this overview, recent research is summarized, both synchronic descriptive work and diachronic, sociolinguistic, psycholinguistic, and applied linguistic studies. Desiderata for future research are pointed out. Existing research on German PMs can be of use here, because Dutch and German are rather similar in their inventory of PMs and the positions they can take in the linear structure of the sentence. At the same time, there are subtle differences between the two languages, as shown in contrastive studies on German and Dutch PMs.
Hierarchical Spin‐Polarized Nanosheet Array for Boosting Ampere‐Level Water Oxidation Under Magnetic Field
Authors: Li Haifan , Quan Quan , Dong Hongliang , Zhang Yuxuan , Xie Pengshan , Chen Dong , Yin Di , Wong Chun‐Yuen , Ho Johnny C.
Published: January 2025

The spin‐polarization strategy by manipulating magnetic electrocatalysts can promote the spin‐sensitive oxygen evolution reaction (OER) while developing efficient spin‐polarized materials toward ampere‐level OER is still challenging. Herein, a hierarchical inter‐doped (Ru‐Ni)Ox nanosheet array in situ grown on nickel foam is designed, which exhibits a distinguished overpotential of 286 mV at 1 A cm−2 under 0.4 T magnetic field and a steady lifespan of 200 h at the ampere current density (i.e., 1 A cm−2), outperforming most reported state‐of‐art spin‐selective OER catalysts in alkaline electrolytes Integrating intrinsic and interfacial spin‐polarization on the inter‐doped (Ru‐Ni)Ox nanosheet array can significantly boost the catalytic activity for ampere‐level OER under a magnetic field. Specifically, the spin‐aligned Ru sites optimize the rate‐determined O─O coupling step to reduce the thermodynamic barrier of OER. Meanwhile, the charge transfer kinetics is promoted due to the accelerating spin‐selective electron transfer via spin pinning at the ferromagnetic‐antiferromagnetic interface. The design of a hierarchical spin‐polarized structure that integrates intrinsic and interfacial spin‐polarization strategies provides an additional route to developing a spin‐polarized OER catalyst capable of serving ampere current densities.
Light‐Driven Ion Intercalation in Carbon Nitride for High‐Temperature‐Resilient Information Storage and Encryption
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Kong Lingqiao , Yan Bingzhen , Ma Long , Ruan Qiushi
Published: January 2025

Information storage and encryption systems often suffer from degradation and instability at elevated temperatures. This work introduces a robust ion‐based information storage and encryption system that demonstrates exceptional temperature resistance up to 350 °C, achieved through the immobilization of monoatomic cations (Li+, Na+, and K+) in carbon nitride via light exposure. By creating electron trap states within the carbon nitride matrix, light exposure enables photo‐charging of the material, transforming it into a capacitor capable of dynamic, reversible color changes for encoding and encrypting information. Notably, the ionic state of the material serves as the foundation for data storage, offering an inherent security feature where trapped electrons are quenched upon air exposure. This encrypted information can be reactivated through light charging. This study establishes a novel paradigm for high‐temperature information storage, using light to control ion movement with precision and security.
Constructing the Dirac Electronic Behavior Database of Under‐Stress Transition Metal Dichalcogenides for Broad Applications
Authors: Wu Xiao , Sun Mingzi , Yu Haitao , Xing Zhiguo , Kou Jiahao , Liang Shipeng , Wang Zhong Lin , Huang Bolong
Published: January 2025

Discovering and utilizing the unique optoelectronic properties of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) is of great significance for developing next‐generation electronic devices. In particular, research on Dirac state modulations of TMDCs under external strains is lacking. To fill this research gap, it has established a comprehensive database of 90 types of TMDCs and their response behaviors under external strains have been systematically investigated regarding the presence of Dirac cones and electronic structure evolutions. Among all the conditions, 27.3% of the TMDCs are Dirac materials with three distinct types of Dirac cones, which are mainly attributed to the electron localizations induced by external strains. TMDCs based on tellurides with 1H phase favor the formation of Dirac cones under stresses, leading to metallic‐like properties and ultra‐fast charge transportation. Correlations among Dirac cones, energy, electronic properties, and lattice structures have been revealed, offering critical references for modulating the properties of well‐known TMDCs. More importantly, it has confirmed that the phase transition points are not sufficient for the appearance of Dirac cones. This work provides critical guidance to facilitate the development of TMDCs‐based superconducting and optoelectronic devices for broad applications.
Structure‐Guided Engineering of Oleate Hydratase for the Synthesis of Small Chiral Alcohols without Decoy Molecule
Authors: Härterich Natalie , Schneider Andreas , Horz Philip , Travnicek Nicolas D. , Hauer Bernhard
Published: January 2025

Small and chiral secondary alcohols are sought‐after compounds that are frequently used in the synthesis of biologically active compounds. However, their stereochemically correct synthesis remains a challenge for the chemical industry. Synthetic routes are restrained by multiple steps and thus low atom efficiency. Here we employ engineered variants from the oleate hydratase from E. meningoseptica to produce chiral C5‐C8 secondary alcohols within a single step. First, we established a two‐phase system (2‐PS) to trap the volatile substrates/products which facilitated semi‐rational mutagenesis in the active site and tunnel of the enzyme. These efforts led to variants with an up to 20‐fold increase in catalytic activity and >99% ee, notably, without the use of a decoy molecule. Computational analysis indicated structural changes in the tunnel radius, ligand transport and energy profiles, which gave us hints to explain the enhanced performance of the variants. Interestingly, scaling up the reaction volume demonstrated significant increases in product concentrations, leading up to a 100‐fold increase in comparison to the current benchmark. This new 2‐PS and the engineered enzyme variants offer a promising approach for a scalable, asymmetric hydration of small unactivated alkenes, which would drastically ease the access to chiral alcohol‐based pheromones or drugs.
Expanding the Functions of KHSRP Protein: Insights into DNA G‐Quadruplex Binding
Authors: Russomanno Pasquale , Zizza Pasquale , Cerofolini Linda , D'Aria Federica , Iachettini Sara , Di Vito Serena , Biroccio Annamaria , Amato Jussara , Fragai Marco , Pagano Bruno
Published: January 2025

KHSRP (KH‐type splicing regulatory protein) is a multifunctional nucleic acid‐binding protein that regulates various cellular processes, with critical roles in controlling gene expression. G‐quadruplexes (G4s) are noncanonical nucleic acid structures involved in essential cellular activities, including gene expression, and are recognized as potential therapeutic targets in cancer. The biological functions of G4s are mediated by proteins making their formation highly dynamic within cells. Therefore, the recognition of G4s by specific proteins is crucial for modulating physiological and pathological pathways. Given the growing interest in DNA G4s, a deeper understanding of the proteins that interact with them and their molecular recognition is imperative. This study demonstrates that KHSRP binds to these DNA structures. Biophysical analyses provide insights into the thermodynamics, kinetics, and structural aspects of these interactions, showing that G4 structural variability significantly influences KHSRP binding, in which the KH3 protein domain plays a key role. Validation of these interactions in cancer cells further highlights their biological relevance. Notably, the G4 ligand pyridostatin affects KHSRP/G4 interactions both in vitro and in cells, suggesting that small molecules can modulate this molecular recognition. These findings underscore KHSRP's potential role in regulating cellular mechanisms through binding to G4‐forming DNA, positioning it as a possible therapeutic target in cancer.
Vascular risk factors and cerebrovascular pathologic changes on autopsy: The 90+ Study
Authors: Rajmohan Ravi , Al‐Darsani Zeinah , Ho Chu‐Ching , Wong Joey , Paganini‐Hill Annlia , Montine Thomas , Corrada Maria , Kawas Claudia
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION

Cerebrovascular pathologic changes (CVPC) are prevalent and associated with dementia in those ≥ 90 years. However, CVPC associations to traditional risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia) are variable. We hypothesized that neither traditional risk factors nor related medications would be associated with CVPC presence.

METHODS

In autopsy volunteers from The 90+ Study, odds ratios (OR) of CVPC presence to self‐reported vascular risk factors and cardiovascular medication classes were calculated using logistic regressions adjusted for age of death, sex, and education.

RESULTS

In 267 participants (mean age at death 98 (±3.5) years; 75% female), CVPC presence was not related to traditional risk factors. Lower odds of atherosclerosis with diuretics [OR 0.55] and lower odds of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) with B‐blocker [OR 0.57] or vasodilator [OR 0.40] use were observed.

DISCUSSION

Our findings suggest that vascular risk factors are not risk factors for CVPC at this age, medications have mitigated risks, or survival bias obscures associations.

Highlights

Cardiovascular risk factors are thought to contribute to cerebrovascular diseases.

Risk factors were generally not associated with cerebrovascular changes.

Lower odds of certain cerebrovascular changes were associated with antihypertensive use.
Construction of the Ternary Cu2O/UiO‐66‐NH2@GO Heterostructure Photocatalyst for Efficient Degradation of Organic Pollutants
Authors: Lin Kui , Cao Boxiang , Deng Xiaojuan , Li Qiang , Wang Yi
Published: January 2025

Photocatalytic degradation of pollutants under visible light is a propitious approach to address the issue of environmental pollution. The photocatalytic degradation by heterogeneous Cu2O‐based photocatalysts has been widely concerned. Herein, a ternary Cu2O/UiO‐66‐NH2@GO nanocomposite was successfully prepared by a two‐step hydrothermal technique for the photodegradation of organic pollutants in water. The successful fabrication of a ternary heterostructure composed of Cu2O, UiO‐66‐NH2, and GO was confirmed by SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, Raman, and FTIR characterization. The ternary heterostructure photocatalyst effectively improved the photoresponse and porous characteristics of Cu2O. Under visible light, 98.6% of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) and 99.2% of rhodamine B (RhB) were degraded by Cu2O/UiO‐66‐NH2@GO photocatalyst with 3 and 15 min, respectively. The Kapp values of 4‐NP and RhB photocatalytic degradation were calculated as 1.450 and 0.428 min−1, respectively. The stability tests showed that the photocatalyst was reasonably excellent after four cycles. The enhanced efficiency benefited from the strengthened visible light harvesting, reduced recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, and enhanced migration efficiency of charge carriers. The effects of scavengers confirmed that hole trapping species played a crucial role during the
photodegradation process. The proposed study provides inspiration for designing a simple multiheterostructure visible light–driven photocatalyst with promising environmental remediation applications.
Unprecedented carbonic anhydrase inhibition mechanism: Targeting histidine 64 side chain through a halogen bond
Authors: Paciotti Roberto , Carradori Simone , Angeli Andrea , D'Agostino Ilaria , Ferraroni Marta , Coletti Cecilia , Supuran Claudiu T.
Published: January 2025

2,2′‐Thio‐bis(4,6‐dichlorophenol), namely bithionol, is a small molecule endowed with a multifaceted bioactivity. Its peculiar polychlorinated phenolic structure makes it a suitable candidate to explore its potentialities in establishing interaction patterns with enzymes of MedChem interest, such as the human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) metalloenzymes. Herein, bithionol was tested on a panel of specific hCAs through the stopped‐flow technique, showing a promising micromolar inhibitory activity for the hCA II isoform. X‐ray crystallographic studies revealed an unprecedented halogen‐bond interaction between one chlorine of bithionol and the N3(ε) atom of the hCA II catalytically active histidine residue, His64. Then, quantum mechanics calculations based on the fragment molecular orbital method allowed us to estimate the strength of this bond (~2.9 kcal/mol) and highlighted the contribution of a rich hydrophobic interaction network within the isoenzyme. Interestingly, the compound inactivity against the hCA III isoform, characterized by His64Lys and Leu198Phe mutations, supported the key role played by halogen bonding in the enzyme affinity. This finding might pave the way for the development of a new class of hCA inhibitors characterized by such chemical features, with the halogen bond being a key ligand–receptor interaction.
Regional observability in the context of Riemann–Liouville fractional differential systems
Authors: Ben Brahim Hamza , Zguaid Khalid , El Alaoui Fatima Zahrae
Published: January 2025

In this article, we investigate the notion of regional observability within a specific category of linear time‐fractional systems with a differentiation order ranging between 1 and 2. This extends the conventional understanding of regional observability beyond classical systems, particularly hyperbolic systems, to encompass fractional systems. After presenting essential concepts and definitions, we establish criteria for both exact and approximate regional observability. The significance of regional analysis is exemplified through a fractional system that lacks global observability but displays observability within a specific region. Subsequently, we outline a method for determining the system's state at
within the region of interest (
). This involves employing Hilbert's uniqueness method to transform the state reconstruction problem into a solvability problem. We then introduce a numerical approach tailored for reconstructing the initial state within the specified region. To substantiate our theoretical findings, we conclude with two successful numerical results, each involving different sensor types and demonstrating a reasonable margin of error.
Relationship between service receipt during the COVID‐19 pandemic and autistic children's multisystem outcomes and autism severity: A SPARK dataset analysis
Authors: Tsai Jung‐Mei , Bhat Anjana
Published: January 2025

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) display a variety of core and co‐occurring difficulties in social, communication, everyday functioning, cognitive, motor, and language domains. Receiving a combination of services to accommodate needs of autistic individuals is essential for improving their future outcomes. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, reduced service access negatively impacted autistic children's outcomes. This study aimed to examine the relationship between service receipt and parental perceived outcomes in autistic children while accounting for various demographic, child, and parental factors. We utilized parental COVID‐19 impact survey data from the SPARK study (N = 6067). Ordinal logistic regression analyses were used to predict perceived child outcomes. Demographic, child, and parental factors were included in the prediction models. Service receipt of SLT, ABA, PT/OT, MED, and MH were associated with perceived child outcomes. PT/OT and ABA predicted improvements in domains of social interaction, everyday activity, and overall autism severity; SLT and ABA contributed to improved perceived communication outcomes. Receiving MH and MED services was associated with worsening of perceived outcomes on all domains. Younger age, males, higher family income, lower autism severity, lower motor, function, and cognitive delay, greater language delay, and the absence of parental mental health issues were associated with greater improvements in various perceived outcomes. Overall, PT/OT and ABA services are associated with improved perceived social and functional outcomes whereas SLT and ABA services are associated with improved perceived communication outcomes. We also provide a wholistic view of factors affecting relationships between service receipt and perceived child outcomes during the pandemic.
Influence of Electrolyte on the Electrochemical Performance of the Biomass‐Derived Hard Carbon for Potassium Ion Batteries
Authors: Sahoo Raghunath , Venkatachalam Subramanian , Sundara Ramaprabhu
Published: January 2025

There is a promising aspect of potassium‐ion batteries (KIB) alternative to lithium‐ion batteries (LIB) due to a similar charge storage mechanism. However, the major hurdles, such as higher volume pulverization during continuous cycling, lower Coulombic efficiency, and subsequent fading, need to be addressed before the commercialization of KIB. In this regard, the choice of electrolytes and their impact on the electrochemical performance of the electrode is quite crucial. Here, a two‐step pyrolysis method was used to synthesize hard coconut shell‐derived hard carbon (HHC). The synthesized powder was characterized by various analytical techniques to confirm the formation of pyrolyzed carbon. The surface area of the synthesized powder was calculated to be around 40.9 m2.g−1. Three types of electrolytes such as 1 M KPF6 in EC: DEC (1 : 1 v/v), 0.8 M KPF6 in EC: DEC (1 : 1 v/v), and 1 M KTFSI in TEGDME, were prepared to study the electrochemical performance of the assembled KIB cell. The study demonstrated that compared to other electrolytes, 0.8 M KPF6 in EC: DEC (1 : 1 v/v) exhibited higher coulombic efficiency, higher charge storage capacity, and much better capacity retention. The EIS studies revealed that a lower solution resistance and a higher pseudo capacitance have aided in better electrochemical performance for 0.8 M KPF6 in EC: DEC (1 : 1 v/v) electrolyte. The cell exhibited a higher specific capacity of 187.3 mAh g−1 at a current density of 200 mA g−1 with a higher coulombic efficiency of 96.8 % and retained about 86.7 % of the original capacity after 100 cycles of charge‐discharge. This promising combination of appropriate electrolytes and electrodes can further advance the research progress of potassium ion batteries.
Novel View Synthesis Based on Similar Perspective
Authors: Huang Wenkang
Published: January 2025

Neural radiance fields (NeRF) technology has garnered significant attention due to its exceptional performance in generating high‐quality novel view images. In this study, we propose an innovative method that leverages the similarity between views to enhance the quality of novel view image generation. Initially, a pre‐trained NeRF model generates an initial novel view image, which is subsequently compared and subjected to feature transfer with the most similar reference view from the training dataset. Following this, the reference view that is most similar to the initial novel view is selected from the training dataset. We designed a texture transfer module that employs a strategy progressing from coarse‐to‐fine, effectively integrating salient features from the reference view into the initial image, thus producing more realistic novel view images. By using similar views, this approach not only improves the quality of novel perspective images but also incorporates the training dataset as a dynamic information pool into the novel view integration process. This allows for the continuous acquisition and utilization of useful information from the training data throughout the synthesis process. Extensive experimental validation shows that using similar views to provide scene information significantly outperforms existing neural rendering techniques in enhancing the realism and accuracy of novel view images.
Antifungal Potentials of Asian Plants: Ethnobotanical Insights and Phytochemical Investigations
Authors: Alam Safaet , Chowdhury Md. Nafees Rahman , Hossain Md. Abir , Richi Fahmida Tasnim , Emon Nazim Uddin , Mohammad Mahathir , Ahmed Najneen , Taher Mohammad Abdullah
Published: January 2025

Ethnomedicinal plants in Asia offer a promising, low‐side‐effect alternative to synthetic drugs for treating fungal infections, one of the most widespread communicable diseases caused by pathogenic fungi. Despite being underexplored, the region's rich plant diversity holds the potential for developing effective antifungal drugs. Research is increasingly focused on bioactive compounds from these plants, which show strong antifungal properties and may serve as leads for new drug development. This comprehensive review included 257 articles which are peer‐reviewed and written in english language with reported phytochemicals exerting antifungal potentials. In this review, we have discussed twenty‐seven (27) Asian medicinal plants that contain sixty‐seven (67) responsible phytochemicals deciphering promising antifungal action. This finding revealed that Asian plant diversity can be helpful in treating fungal invasion against several fungal species. Inhibition and reduction of mycelial growth and zoospore germination, fungistatic and fungicidal activities, and inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis are some common mechanisms reported in this review. Thus, this Asian plant diversity can provide a ray of hope as a modern therapeutic approach to bypass antimicrobial resistance issues noticed in recent days. Further research is still recommended to ascertain their exact mode of action, required dose, and safety and efficacy profile.
First Experience With a Novel Self‐Expandable Valve for Mitral Annular Calcification Guided by Three‐Dimensional Printing
Authors: Wang Yiwei , Ma Yuliang , Liu Yang , Yang Jian
Published: January 2025

Transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) may emerge as a surgical alternative for high‐risk patients with severe mitral annular calcification (MAC), yet several questions remain to be addressed. We present the case of a 67‐year‐old high‐risk female patient with severe MAC (MAC score = 8) and mitral stenosis (effective orifice area = 121.3 mm2). To avoid conventional high‐risk surgery, we opted to perform the TMVR using the novel Mi‐thos system via the transapical approach. We utilized a patient‐specific three‐dimensional printed model derived by preprocedural computed tomography angiography data to assess the feasibility of the novel device and to guide the operation, mitigating potential challenges. The successful outcome of the guided procedure led to symptomatic improvement in the patient. This case represents the first experience with the novel Mi‐thos system for TMVR in a patient with severe MAC. Guided by a patient‐specific three‐dimensional printed model, the dedicated transcatheter heart valve may be a feasible and safe option for high‐risk patients with severe MAC.
Severe Life‐Threatening Hypokalemia Primarily Presented With Isolated Paralysis: Case Series From Ethiopia
Authors: Alemu Getasew Kassaw , Asfaw Seid Arage , Asres Lisanne Seifu , Kassa Beniam Yohannes
Published: January 2025

Severe hypokalemia can primarily present as a weakness of the limbs, without any other clinical manifestation. A life‐threatening level of decreased serum potassium level can be unusually present with isolated weakness of the limbs and might be misdiagnosed, or the diagnosis may be delayed.
Management of an Intraparenchymal Struvite Stone Using Laparoscopic Nephrolithotomy: A Case Report
Authors: Hidayat‐Allah Ayoub , Friedersdorff Frank
Published: January 2025

This study aims to present a case of laparoscopic nephrolithotomy and highlight its successful outcome. The patient was a 65‐year‐old male who experienced intermittent colicky flank pain. Imaging revealed the presence of a 20‐mm round‐shaped stone in a hydronephrotic calyx located in the mid‐pole of the left kidney, possibly with a parenchymal component. Given the stone's location, neither percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) nor ureterorenoscopy (URS) was considered feasible. The findings of this study demonstrate the effectiveness and suitability of laparoscopic nephrolithotomy (LNL) in managing stones. It emphasizes that LNL can be utilized not only as an alternative treatment but also as a viable initial option when appropriate case selection is made.
Vibrio cholerae Skin and Soft Tissue Infection Complicated by Sepsis in an Immunocompromised Patient: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Carr Erin Rebecca , Estepa Adrian , Colson Jordan , Ayoade Folusakin
Published: January 2025

Physicians should consider non‐O1, non‐O139 Vibrio cholerae (NOVC) in the differential diagnosis of cellulitis complicated by sepsis, especially in immunocompromised patients when potential exposure exists. Due to the pathogen's potential for severe infections and rising incidence from environmental changes, we emphasize the need for increased awareness and appropriate treatment guidelines.
Nucleophilic Functionalization of Activated P4 in [CpFe(CO)2‐(η1‐P4)][Al(ORF)4] with Alcohols R‐OH
Authors: Roehner David , Ramos Elise , Dabringhaus Philipp , Scherer Harald , Krossing Ingo
Published: January 2025

The bonding situation in [Fp−P4][Al(ORF)4] (1) (Fp = (CO)2CpFe, RF = C(CF3)3) gives rise to an Umpolung of the P4 fragment, which should make it accessible for nucleophiles. To investigate this projected reactivity, the complex was combined with a series of hydroxy‐nucleophiles – that all do not react with free P4 – leading to a variety of P1 building blocks. With excess of R‐OH (R = Me, Et, Ph), the thermodynamically more stable complex salts [Fp−P(H)x(OR)3‐x)][Al(ORF)4] (x=2,1,0) (2b–2d) are formed and show that the phosphonium type pathway is accessible. Quantum chemical calculations display a variety of reaction pathways that all lead very rapidly to the P1 building blocks. With stoichiometric amounts of R‐OH, [Fp‐PH3][Al(ORF)4] (2 a) as well as [HP(OR)3][Al(ORF)4] (2 f) were observed as products. Hence, activation of the P4‐cage in complex 1 was confirmed.
Techno‐economic assessment and optimization of simple and complex distillation column sequences of the olefin recovery plant using an automatic approach
Authors: Abedi Maryam , Mallahzadeh Ali , Kasiri Norollah , Khalili‐Garakani Amirhossein
Published: January 2025

The synthesis of multicomponent distillation column sequences is complex due to the numerous possible scenarios. Therefore, employing a systematic and automated approach can be highly advantageous. This study analyzes and evaluates both simple and complex distillation column sequences suitable for the cold end of olefin plants to enhance olefin's production performance. A matrix‐based algorithm is used to generate possible configurations, which are then rigorously simulated and optimized using genetic algorithm. These steps are executed systematically and automatically within an integrated development environment. Sequences are evaluated based on energy consumption, exergy losses, and economic aspects. The impact of the hydrogenation reactor's location on distillation sequence performance is also examined. In the two case studies, the symmetrical sequence demonstrated the best economic performance, achieving a total annual cost (TAC) 11.21% lower than that of conventional sequences for the given feed.
Estimation of Central Aortic Pressure Waveforms by Combination of a Meta‐Learning Neural Network and a Physics‐Driven Method
Authors: Sun Hao , Ma Junling , Li Bao , Liu Youjun , Liu Jincheng , Wang Xue , Baier Gerold , Liu Jian , Zhang Liyuan
Published: January 2025

The accurate non‐invasive detection and estimation of central aortic pressure waveforms (CAPW) are crucial for reliable treatments of cardiovascular system diseases. But the accuracy and practicality of current estimation methods need to be improved. Our study combines a meta‐learning neural network and a physics‐driven method to accurately estimate CAPW based on personalized physiological indicators. We collected data from 260 patients who underwent catheterization surgery, using measured CAPW and personalized physiological indicators (e.g., weight, body mass index (BMI), radial mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), radial systolic blood pressure (SBP), and radial diastolic blood pressure (DBP)) as input for neural network training. The output of the neural network are the Gaussian characteristic parameters of the single‐period decomposed CAPW. The neural network model was constructed using the model‐agnostic meta‐learning (MAML) algorithm framework. Applying the physical characteristics of CAPW to the loss function, served to increase the constraints on the output and improve the accuracy of CAPW estimation. To verify the accuracy of the model, we compared measured and estimated CAPW in 52 patients. The results are consistent with a normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) of 0.0206. The predictions had low biases, namely SBP: 4.97 ± 4.42 mmHg, DBP: 4.78 ± 5.98 mmHg, and MAP: 0.35 ± 3.36 mmHg. The results demonstrate the accuracy and practicability of the approach to estimate CAPW. It can provide personalized parameters to calculate myocardial ischemia indicators (e.g., instantaneous wave‐free ratio [iFR] and fractional flow reserve [FFR]) and may contribute to the early monitoring and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
Colloidal High Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles: Synthetic Strategies and Electrocatalytic Properties
Authors: Joe Ziehl Tyler , Zhang Peng
Published: January 2025

High entropy alloy (HEA) nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted much attention recently due to their unprecedented chemical properties. As such, HEA NPs have been used as materials with superior activity toward electrocatalytic applications. Specifically, solid solutions that form randomly mixed single‐phased structures have received the most focus in the early stages of HEA NP development for their entropic‐driven design and multifunctionality. Advances to non‐colloidal and colloidal synthetic methods have allowed for the fabrication of solid solution HEA NPs with varying compositions and complexity to be applied to many practical applications such as fuel cells, energy storage and agriculture. In this review, the current colloidal methods and catalytic mechanisms for solid solution HEA NP synthesis are investigated from the physical chemistry perspective. A comprehensive discussion on the theory, techniques, and electrocatalytic applications of colloidal syntheses for successful solid solution HEA NP formation is presented. Finally, promising perspectives for the continued development of physical insights into structure‐property relationships towards improved HEA NP synthesis and application are discussed.
What Is Transformative Dialogue and How Does It Bring About Transformation? A Commentary to Florian Bekkers' Article “Is Transformative Dialogue a Possible and Justifiable Intervention for Resolving Intractable Conflicts?”
Authors: Cleven Erik
Published: January 2025

In his article “Is Transformative Dialogue a possible and justifiable intervention for resolving intractable conflicts?” Florian Bekkers discusses three processes that have all been referred to as Transformative Dialogue. In this commentary the author claims that these processes are in fact fundamentally different and that one of the ways they differ is in how they use theory and what guides the action of interveners in each approach. Most conflict theories are meant to explain conflict behavior rather than guide the decisions of interveners, which are instead based on implicit and unspoken assumptions. Clarifying the assumptions of interveners would do much to both highlight salient differences between approaches and to address critical questions of ethics which Bekkers raises in his article. Transformative Dialogue building on the premises of Transformative Mediation is nondirective and the transformation achieved is based on the fact that participants make key decisions about dialogue and how to relate to others themselves.
PINK1 modulates Prdx2 to reduce lipotoxicity‐induced apoptosis and attenuate cardiac dysfunction in heart failure mice with a preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Zhang Hao , Xu Tianyu , Mei Xiyuan , Zhao Qiming , Yang Qiling , Zeng Xianghui , Ma Zhuang , Zhou Haobin , Zeng Qingchun , Xu Dingli , Ren Hao
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a complex condition characterized by metabolic dysfunction and myocardial lipotoxicity. The roles of PTEN‐induced kinase 1 (PINK1) and peroxiredoxin‐2 (Prdx2) in HFpEF pathogenesis remain unclear.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the interaction between PINK1 and Prdx2 to mitigate cardiac diastolic dysfunction in HFpEF.

Methods

In vivo, PINK1‐knockout mice and cardiac‐specific PINK1‐overexpressing transgenic mice were used to establish an HFpEF mouse model via a high‐fat diet and L‐NAME. Myocardial lipotoxicity was induced by palmitic acid in vitro. Immunoprecipitation, western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis were performed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved.

Results

We determined that PINK1 and Prdx2 were downregulated in the HFpEF mouse model. In vivo, PINK1 ablation exacerbated the reduction in Prdx2 expression, worsening cardiac dysfunction in HFpEF mice. Conversely, PINK1 overexpression restored Prdx2 levels and decreased reactive oxygen species and apoptosis, thereby reducing fibrosis and inflammation and ameliorating cardiac diastolic dysfunction in HFpEF mice. In vitro, an interaction between the N‐terminal region (amino acids 1–133) of PINK1 and Prdx2 was identified. The overexpression of PINK1 induced Prdx2 expression and effectively attenuated palmitic acid‐induced apoptosis through the c‐Jun amino‐terminal kinase (JNK) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38) pathways, whereas siRNA‐mediated Prdx2 knockdown abolished the protective effect of PINK1.

Conclusion

PINK1 alleviates lipotoxicity‐induced myocardial apoptosis and improves diastolic dysfunction in HFpEF through Prdx2, highlighting PINK1 overexpression as a potential therapeutic strategy for HFpEF.

Key points

Our investigation discloses a pivotal relationship between PINK1 and Prdx2 in the context of HFpEF.

Notably, PINK1, in addition to its role in mitochondrial autophagy, can increase Prdx2 expression, effectively remove ROS and attenuate cardiomyocyte apoptosis by modulating the JNK and p38 pathways, thereby alleviating myocardial lipotoxicity and improving HFpEF cardiac function.

Our studies offer valuable insights, opening avenues for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies in the prevention and treatment of HFpEF.
Patterns of Medical Diagnoses Before and After a Diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Søeby Mette , Clausen Loa , Richelsen Bjørn , Gribsholt Sigrid Bjerge
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study investigates the overall pattern and timing of medical diagnoses up to 10 years before an anorexia nervosa (AN) diagnosis and explores differences before and after AN diagnosis aiming to improve early detection.

Method

In this nationwide population‐based cohort study, we included all patients diagnosed with incident AN from 1987 to 2018 (n = 13,345) and a 1:10 age‐ and sex‐matched general population comparison cohort, using Danish health registries. Using conditional logistic regression, we calculated odds ratios (ORs) of medical diagnoses up to 10 years before AN diagnosis. Additionally, we calculated crude and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for risk of medical diagnoses after AN diagnosis using Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

AN was associated with increased odds of any medical diagnosis up to 10 years before AN diagnosis: OR 1.3 [95% CI 1.2–1.3] and the odds increased during the 12 months preceding AN diagnosis: OR 1.6 [95% CI 1.5–1.7]. The medical diagnoses associated with the highest odds up to 10 years prior AN were malnutrition: OR 5.0 [95% CI 4.0–6.3] anemia: OR 2.9 [95% CI 2.3–3.6], amenorrhea: OR 2.7 [95% CI 2.3–3.2], and irritable bowel syndrome: OR 2.1 [95% CI 1.9–2.4]. The pre‐diagnosis pattern mirrored the post‐diagnosis pattern.

Conclusion

The similarity in diagnosis patterns before and after AN diagnosis suggests that many patients receive medical diagnoses for conditions potentially linked to AN‐related restricted eating, malnutrition and progressive weight loss even years prior to a formal AN diagnosis. Identifying these early conditions may enable earlier AN diagnosis and improve treatment outcomes.
Prevalence of Disordered Eating Behaviors Among Sexual and Gender Minority Youth Varies at the Intersection of Gender Identity and Race/Ethnicity
Authors: Forrest Lauren N. , Bennett Brooke L. , Beccia Ariel , Puhl Rebecca , Watson Ryan J.
Published: January 2025

Objective

Prior work has documented inequities in disordered eating behavior (DEB) prevalence across gender identity, race, and ethnicity, yet has often ignored the fact that individuals belong to multiple social groups simultaneously. The present study assessed DEB inequities at the intersection of gender identity and race/ethnicity.

Method

The sample included n = 10,287 adolescents (68% gender‐diverse, 33% belonging to marginalized racial/ethnic groups). Past‐year prevalence of dietary restriction, self‐induced vomiting, diet pill use, and binge eating was assessed. Data were analyzed with multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (MAIHDA). MAIHDA nests individuals within social strata defined by all combinations of gender identity and race/ethnicity (a proxy for exposure to structural (cis)sexism and racism). MAIHDA allows for comparison of outcome prevalence across strata and identifies strata with disproportionately high or low prevalence.

Results

Hispanic gender‐nonconforming youth had a high prevalence of multiple DEBs: restricting prevalence was 67.1% (95% CI [62.1%–72.2%]), vomiting prevalence was 25.9% (95% CI [21.6%–31.0%]), and binge eating prevalence was 46.0% (95% CI [40.2%–51.4%]). For all outcomes, at least one stratum had disproportionately low prevalence; for all outcomes except vomiting, at least one stratum had disproportionately high prevalence, indicative of intersectional interactions between gender identity and race/ethnicity.

Discussion

DEB prevalence among adolescents varies substantially at the intersection of gender and race/ethnicity, with the highest prevalence among those belonging to multiple marginalized groups. Future research is needed on the multilevel drivers of DEBs.
Boarding Support of Public Bus for the Visually Impaired Using Location Services
Authors: Doi Gakuto , Miyazawa Masaharu , Moriyama Tsuyoshi
Published: January 2025

We propose a system targeting visually impaired individuals that provides a couple of functions that help when they claim they are always in trouble when going out using public transportation. One of the functions alerts users when the bus that they are planning to ride gets closer to the bus stop where they are waiting for the bus. It runs as a multi‐thread system. One of the threads periodically obtains the location of the bus driver utilizing a GPS receiver and uploads it to a specific shared location on the web. The other thread fetches the stored shared location from the web and calculates the distance to the location of the bus stop where the user is waiting for the bus. The latter thread alerts the user when the distance gets lower than a threshold. The other function we propose alerts users when their intended bus stop is approaching within a certain distance during bus rides. The system utilizes the GPS functionality embedded in smartphones to acquire the user's latitude and longitude. By comparing this information with the coordinates preregistered in the system for each bus stop, it detects when the user reaches within a certain distance of the destination bus stop. The implementation of the proposed system demonstrated the intended functionality in an experiment.