bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends in Corticosteroid Injections for Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis: An Analysis of 80,169 Patients
Authors: Sun John Q. , Stillson Quinn A. , Strelzow Jason A. , Shi Lewis L.
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

Corticosteroid (CS) injections are a frequently used treatment modality for lateral epicondylitis (LE) despite an increasing number of studies suggesting their lack of efficacy. The objective of this study was to review the annual utilization of CS injections for treatment of LE, as well as that of other nonsurgical treatments and surgical treatments, to understand how recent publications have affected the practice of physicians in treating LE.

Methods:

Patients with LE from 2010 to 2017 were identified within a national insurance database and grouped by treatment modalities of CS injections, physical therapy, bracing treatment, and surgery. Epidemiologic and demographic data were reported using descriptive statistics. The number of patients receiving each treatment and the number of CS injections per patient were quantified for each year, and annual trends were analyzed using logistic regression.

Results:

Among 80,169 qualifying patients, 16,476 received CS injections, 12,180 received physical therapy, 1,874 received bracing treatment, and 2,650 underwent surgery, with patients receiving multiple modalities being members of each respective group. We found a significant decrease in the proportion of patients with LE receiving CS injections from 23.3% in 2010 to 18.8% in 2017 (R2 = 0.956, P < 0.001). Interestingly, the number of CS injections per patient increased during this period from 1.33 to 1.83 (R2 = 0.843, P = 0.001). No notable changes in utilization trends for other modalities were found.

Discussion:

Overall, our data support a decline in the use of CS injection as a treatment modality for LE from 2010 to 2017. Although correlational, this trend may reflect the increasing body of published evidence demonstrating the ineffectiveness of CS injections for the treatment of LE. In addition, the increasing number of injections per patient among those who received injections contrasts with the overall decrease in steroid utilization among all patients. Further study is needed to fully understand the mechanisms behind these trends.
Inhibition of Digestive Enzymes, Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Capacities of Stem Bark Extracts of Coula edulis Baill (Olacaceae)
Authors: Beyegue Eric , Azantsa Boris G. K. , Mbong Angie M-A , Oben Julius E.
Published: September 2021

Prolonged hyperglycemia enhances oxidative stress. Bioactive compounds extracted possess antioxidant, anti-free radical potentials or the ability to reduce blood sugar levels. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of extracts of stem bark of Coula edulis Baill., their abilities to trap free radicals and glucose, as well as their ability to inhibit α-amylase and invertase activities. In vitro assays were used to test the trapping capacity of extracts on DPPH, ABTS, NO, and OH radicals; to evaluate the antioxidant capacity, the activity of glycosylation and the capacity of inhibition of the activities of α-amylase and invertase were conducted. Also, phenolic, flavonoid and alkaloid contents of extracts were determined. Results showed that extracts of the stem bark of C. edulis have anti-radical properties. The extracts chelate DPPH, hydroxyl (OH), nitrite oxide (NO), ABTS radicals, and even glucose. The IC50 values varied depending on the nature of the extraction solvent. Ethanolic extract has the highest polyphenolic content (289.12 ± 30.31 µg catechin equivalent/g), flavonoids (1.12 ± 0.09 µg quercetin equivalent/g) and alkaloids (5.54 ± 0.59 µg quinin equivalent/g). The extracts also reduce invertase and α-amylase activities. C. edulis extracts present strong antioxidant potentials and can be used as a source of natural antioxidants for the prevention of oxidative stress and hyperglycemia.
The Investigation of Machinability and Surface Properties of Aluminium Alloy Matrix Composites
Authors: Morampudi Priyadarsini , V.S.N. Venkata Ramana , Bhavani Koona , M Amrita , Srinivas V
Published: September 2021

Aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) are crucial to the progress of composite application areas due to their remarkable mechanical properties. Their usage has expanded into different fields such as the aerospace, automobile, and defense industries. The present study used wrought Al alloy AA6061 as the matrix, while ilmenite (FeTiO3) particles were used as reinforcement at different weight percentages to prepare metal matrix composites. One of the most economical and simple casting routes among the several available fabrication techniques for the preparation of composites is the stir casting method, which was applied in the present investigation to prepare the AMCs. The machinability of the fabricated composites and the surface roughness property after machining were studied to understand the effect of speed and feed during machining. The results showed that an increase in speed decreased the cutting forces and the surface roughness. Meanwhile, an increase in surface roughness was observed with an increase in feed.
Comparison and Review of 17 E-Book Platforms
Authors: Lavender John , McAllister Courtney
Published: September 2021

The University of Michigan Press, with support from the Mellon Foundation, asked
John Lavender, of Lavender Consulting, to conduct a review of the American Council of
Learned Societies (ACLS) Humanities E-Book collection (HEB) following its launch on
Michigan’s new Fulcrum platform. ACLS-HEB is an online collection of over 5,400
high-quality humanities books from over 100 publishers. Now that the market for e-books
has matured, part of the review was a comparative study of e-book platforms run by
publishers, university presses and e-book vendors; 17 platforms were selected. The
review looked at the key features offered by each platform, how they handled searching,
content delivery, displaying results, ability to view and download and other key
features, there was no attempt to judge the value of the content. Following this review,
Michigan Press felt that it would be beneficial to share the results with the wider
community. As well as being of interest to publishers, the review will also be relevant
for librarians making purchasing decisions and vendors selling e-book services. In
addition to synthesizing the results of the e-book platform review, this paper presents
a librarian’s perspectives on e-book assessment criteria. Courtney McAllister,
Electronic Resources Librarian at Yale University’s Law Library, describes the
importance of attributes such as accessibility compliance, library branding, and
metadata. Library collections are shaped by a plethora of concerns and criteria. This
paper seeks to outline some key elements to consider as part of e-book platform
decision-making.
Pain Points and Solutions: Bringing Data for Startups to Campus
Authors: LaVoice Kelly , Hickey Daniel , Williams Mark
Published: September 2021

Entrepreneurship is growing as a cross- and inter-disciplinary area of focus for
higher education. From patent and tech transfer offices to business, science, and
engineering programs, the demand for entrepreneurship resources and support delivered
via libraries is booming. Building library collections to help patrons design, launch,
and run successful businesses is challenging: Market research and private equity/venture
capital resources arrive at premium prices. Increasingly, these resources must
interoperate with software used to clean, analyze, and visualize data. This data is
often difficult to find and deploy. Restrictive, corporate-style licenses reflect that
new vendors are not yet acclimated to the academic market’s access requirements and
licensing constraints. This paper will share a framework for how to understand
entrepreneurship in higher education and explain the types of information commonly
requested by users. Such information often exists in disciplinary silos, emphasizing the
importance of collaborative collection development across subject lines. The authors
will explore the unique challenges to building collections that serve patrons developing
new ventures. This includes collaborating with external stakeholders to fund resources
that have not been traditionally purchased by libraries. Strategies for licensing data
and other e-resources in this space will be discussed, including the central
complications arising from universities as incubators for for-profit startups. The
authors will suggest best practices for building relationships with stakeholders,
developing relevant collections and services, and marketing these resources to support
communities.
Legacy Missions in Times of Change: Defining and Shaping Collections in the 21st
Century
Authors: Mays Antje , Rieger Oya Y.
Published: September 2021

Despite the rapidly changing information and technology landscape, collections
remain at the heart of academic libraries, signifying their enduring importance in
providing access to our cultural heritage. Given broader trends in research and the
current information ecology of an increasingly networked, distributed, and licensed
environment, building collections and developing collection polices is increasingly
ambiguous. These trends impact librarians in form of ever-expanding portfolios,
diffusion of effort, weakened sense of focus, and a rising sense of persistent yet unmet
needs for developing new skills. This paper outlines current research on collection
trends and summarizes the interactive exchanges from the 2019 Charleston Conference
Lively Session (https://sched.co/UZR5). Through live polling, session participants
identified key trends in libraries and collections: Key trends included business models,
budget constraints, consortium deals, continued importance of subscribed content, access
vs. ownership, digitization of unique local collections, digital humanities, digital
scholarship, library publishing projects, growing library investments in Open Access
(OA), and collection diversification efforts with a view to equity and social justice.
Among emerging library services, data services and digitization ranked highest in
importance. The most-cited wish-list items included transformative deals, stronger
campus partnerships, more OA projects, reduced copyright barriers in sharing homegrown
digitized video content, as well as skill development in Counter 5 and data analysis.
Existing physical and digital preservation programs received only lower-middle strength
ratings. Among long-established library characteristics, collection policies, subscribed
content, interlibrary loan, and consortial borrowing and lending retained enduring value
and high rankings in importance. Tensions continue between ownership, borrowing, and
access.
Reason minus zero/no limit: Trying to bring it back home
Authors: Reich Thomas C.
Published: September 2021

Negotiations connected with database renewals are sharply critical and ultimately
impact renewal decisions. Today, academic libraries face an ever-consolidating
marketplace, often accompanied by disruptive cost increases that toss sound reasoning
aside. Instances of super-exponential cost increases transfigure once reasonable
practices based on sound criteria to unsustainable subscriptions and inappropriate
access models. Most troubling is that libraries have seldom been asked to participate in
stakeholder discussions before these models and decisions were made. The paper reviews
University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point Libraries struggle with these changing metrics. In
context, the paper looks at how recent political upheaval in Wisconsin has overturned
Wisconsin’s progressive heritage and contributed to a rapid dismantling of state funding
for public higher education and its’ associated services. Wisconsin has been known as a
‘laboratory for democracy’ with its’ Wisconsin Idea, publicly championing higher
education’s mission and expertise in service of the common good. Times are changing.
Today, not only does Wisconsin’s public higher education confront losses of state
funding, it faces changing demographics, reduced FTE’s, all equating to even less budget
dollars. In turn, budget shortfalls have made it nearly impossible to address declining
infrastructures, needs for academic program reorganization and institutional
restructuring, much less maintain and enhance existing services.
Glimpsing into the Future: Using the Curriculum Process System for Collection
Development
Authors: Young Jennifer
Published: September 2021

One common problem facing academic libraries is the art of materials selection
that ensures users have what they need when they need it, or at least the majority of
the time. Methods frequently used are librarian selectors, faculty selectors, approval
plans, and demand-driven acquisitions. Having close relationships with teaching faculty
is pertinent when acquiring monographs to support the courses currently offered as well
as those upcoming. However, when that relationship is not strong, libraries must find
other methods to gather that valuable insight. This paper will cover how East Tennessee
State University’s library uses the curriculum process system to inform collection
development to support future curriculum needs.
Representation of Atypical Resources in the Discovery Layer: Metadata and
Cataloging Aspects
Authors: Falato Brian J.
Published: September 2021

The discovery layer is commonly used in libraries to provide a more “Google-like”
experience that offers one-stop searching. The original selling point of the discovery
layer was that journal articles could be retrieved as well as monographs. But as
libraries have acquired many other formats, particularly non-print, the discovery layer
has struggled to provide results that include these “atypical” resources. Metadata is
crucial to the discovery layer because it is what is used for the search. The higher the
quality of metadata, the better the retrieval results will be. NISO has provided a list
of elements to be considered best practices when creating metadata for the discovery
layer. Not everything a library has available can be found through the discovery layer.
This is a particular problem for those items who have their metadata stored only in an
institutional repository. These repositories are often not loaded into the discovery
layer. Solving discovery layer retrieval problems will take all parties working together
on solutions. Then all relevant results can be delivered, and fulfill the goal of
“one-stop” searching.
What Do Editors Want?: Assessing a Growing Library Publishing Program and Finding
Creative Solutions to Unmet Needs
Authors: Lovett Julia , Rathemacher Andrée
Published: September 2021

The University of Rhode Island (URI) University Libraries publishes five active
open access, peer-reviewed scholarly journals on our DigitalCommons@URI platform. Our
journal publishing program has grown slowly but steadily over the last decade, with new
services added incrementally as needed. In early 2019, we conducted three focus group
interviews with nine editors and assistants representing all of the journals on our
platform in order to assess our journal publishing efforts. We asked editors to identify
the successes, challenges, and unmet needs that they have encountered in the publishing
process and what resources they have found to support their journals outside of library
offerings. We highlight what we learned from our editors: what they value, what they
need, and what they want from library publishing services. We also outline our plans
going forward to facilitate ongoing conversations among editors and to find creative
solutions to help them with their biggest challenges.
Should You Pay for the Chicken When You Can Get It for Free? No Longer Life on the
Farm as We Know It
Authors: Mattern Büttiker Sharon M. , King James , Winter Susie , Hassold Crane
Published: September 2021

The scholarly publishing ecosystem is being forced to adapt following changes in
funding, scholarly review, and distribution. Taken alone, each changemaker could
markedly influence the entire chain of research consumption. Combining these change
forces together has the potential for a complete upheaval in the biome. During the 2019
Charleston Library conference, a panel of stakeholders representing researchers,
funders, librarians, publishers, digital security experts, and content aggregators
addressed such questions as what essential components constitute scholarly literature
and who should shepherd them. The 70-minute open dialogue with audience participation
invited a range of opinions and viewpoints on the care, feeding, and safekeeping of
peer-reviewed scholarly research. The panelists were: James King, Branch Chief &
Information Architect at the NIH; Sharon Mattern Büttiker, Director of Content
Management at Reprints Desk; Crane Hassold, Senior Director of Threat Research at Agari;
and Susie Winter, Director of Communications and Engagement, Springer Nature. The panel
was moderated by Beth Bernhardt, Consortia Account Manager at Oxford University Press.
Beth posed questions to the panel and each panelist replied from their vantage point.
The lively discussion touched on ideas and solutions not yet discussed in an open forum.
Such collaborative approaches are now more essential than ever for shaping the progress
of the scientific research community. In attendance were librarians, editorial staff,
business development managers, data handlers, library collection managers, content
aggregators, security experts and CEOs.
The Time Has Come… To Talk About Why Research Data Management Isn’t Easy
Authors: Tenopir Carol , Kaufman Jordan , Sandusky Robert J. , Pollock Danielle
Published: September 2021

For the last decade, academic libraries have talked with each other and with
potential partners about their roles in helping to manage research data and their plans
to expand or initiate research data services (RDS). Libraries have the capacity to
provide these services, but the range and maturity of research data services from
libraries vary considerably. In summer 2019, our team surveyed a sample of academic
libraries of all sizes who are members of the Association of College and Research
Libraries (ACRL) to find out about their current RDS and plans for the future. This
study is a follow-up to surveys of this same group in 2012 and 2015. Our findings
include the types of RDS currently being offered in academic libraries, the barriers
that hinder RDS implementation, and staff capacity for creating RDS.
Dual-Campus Subject Librarians at University of Central Florida
Authors: Tierney Barbara G. , Bishop Corinne
Published: September 2021

A new dual-campus subject librarian program is being rolled out at the University
of Central Florida (UCF) whereby several subject librarians divide their time between
two campuses, the legacy main campus in East Orlando and the new Downtown Orlando
Campus. As of Fall 2019, four UCF subject librarians regularly travel to the new
Downtown Campus to provide library support for academic programs, faculty, and students
who recently relocated to the new facility. Dual-campus subject librarians are also
maintaining support services for their assigned academic programs that remain at the UCF
Main Campus. This article provides information and reflections about how the dual-campus
subject librarian model operates and how it impacts staff duties from two perspectives.
The first perspective is from the UCF Social Sciences subject librarian, who supports
graduate and undergraduate programs in The School of Public Administration and Public
Affairs graduate programs at the Downtown Campus, as well as graduate and undergraduate
programs in Politics, Security & International Affairs and Criminal Justice at the
Main Campus. The second perspective is from the Main Campus Head of the Research and
Information Services Department, who supervises the dual-campus subject
librarians.
The Time Has Come…For Next-Generation Open Access Models
Authors: Feather Celeste , Rouhi Sara , Taylor Anneliese , Armstrong Kim
Published: September 2021

Libraries, consortia, and publishers are exploring new models to support Open
Access (OA) content. Native OA journal publishers are facing a different set of
challenges as there is no existing library subscription base to transform into support
for OA. Author-pays OA models are challenging to the ecosystem for a variety of reasons.
Large institutions with heavy scholarly output may pay more, small institutions that use
the content but publish less are wondering what role they will play, and authors from
the global south may not have funding to pay Article Processing Charges (APCs). What new
models are under exploration to address the complexity of funder mandates, reduce
administrative burden of complex APC models, and the need to be more inclusive of a
diverse community?
Lessons from Ithaka S+R on Research Practices in the Disciplines: What Have We
Learned? What Should We Do?
Authors: Weiland Steven , Dean Jennifer
Published: September 2021

It is a byword of the study of academic research that disciplines mean
differences. The series of studies underway at Ithaka S+R (with library partners) shows
how scholars and scientists understand “Changing Research Practices.” The project’s goal
is to guide libraries toward the most fruitful forms of support for research, enhancing
the scholarly workflow according to disciplinary routines and innovations. Launched in
2012, nine reports have been published thus far, with others planned or anticipated. The
disciplines range from history to public health, from chemistry to Asian Studies. The
interview-based studies show how scholars manage their methods, and the opportunities
and obstacles they face as the availability of resources in several media expand and
research technologies evolve. The Ithaka S+R studies represent a unique collective
portrait of scholars at work, loyal to research conventions but encountering new tools
for inquiry. The reports help us understand how disciplinary habits shape expectations
and experience, and what might be done to serve scholars working at change in research
practices, particularly the introduction of new technologies. The reports are seen
against the backdrop of views among library leaders and librarians themselves about the
evolution of the liaison role, including how it can be fitted to the needs of scholars
in an evolving research environment.
The Sun Shining in the Middle of the Night: How Moving Beyond IP Authentication
Does Not Spoil the Fun, Ease, or Privacy of Accessing Library Resources
Authors: Colquitt Michelle E.
Published: September 2021

Gone are the days of unsecure access to electronic resources. Adoption of
standards regarding secure access to resources is a step forward for the security and
integrity of library resources. GALILEO, Georgia’s virtual library, is in the process of
transitioning to authentication using OpenAthens. This paper discusses the technology
behind single sign-on authentication, motivations for moving in this direction, and ends
with a discussion of the Gwinnett Technical College library’s pilot site implementation
of OpenAthens authentication.
Auf ewig unerträglich oder böse? Über hartnäckige filmische Repräsentationen und spannendere neue Erzählungen von Behinderung
Authors: Anders Petra
Published: September 2021

In diesem Beitrag werden jene Botschaften aktueller Filme untersucht, die Behinderung zum Unerträglichen oder Bösen erklären. Neben der Sensibilisierung für solche ethisch fragwürdigen Darstellungen wird aufgezeigt, wie gewinnbringend komplexere Bilder von Behinderung, beispielsweise aus aktuellen Fernsehserien, sein können. Aufgeworfen werden zudem Fragen, die sowohl für Filmemacher:innen als auch für Konsument:innen bei der Produktion und Rezeption von filmischen Repräsentationen von Behinderung relevant sind. Die theoretische sowie interdisziplinäre Einbettung der Thematik erfolgt auf der Grundlage der Disability Studies und der Filmwissenschaften/Medienwissenschaften.
Nicht trotz sondern mit Behinderung. Wie Redaktionen inklusiver arbeiten können
Authors: Smykowski Judyta
Published: September 2021

Diversität in Redaktionen ist momentan ein Dauerthema. Eine Dimension fällt dabei leider häufiger unter den Tisch: Behinderung. Judyta Smykowski von Leidmedien.de erklärt, welche klischeehaften Begriffe es zu vermeiden gilt, wie diskriminierungsfreie Sprache umgesetzt und wie Redaktionen inklusiver werden können. Sie stellt das neue Online-Magazin und den Podcast „Die Neue Norm“ vor, in dem behinderte Journalist:innen die Geschichten erzählen, die immer noch in deutschen Medien fehlen. Und sie sieht Besserung im Journalismus in Sicht bei den jungen Portale der Medienhäuser wie „funk“ oder im Ressort ze.tt von „Zeit online“, die Diversität häufiger zum Thema machen.
Über Beinkleider und Kardinalsünden. Diversifizierte Genderfragen und gegenderte Diversitätsfragen
Authors: Quinn Regina Ammicht
Published: September 2021

Gender und Diversität sind Konzepte zur Bewältigung dessen, dass Menschen anders sind. Je nachdem, wie diese Konzepte gefüllt werden, zu wem und in welcher Sprache und Lautstärke sie sprechen, und wie ihr Zusammenhang erfasst wird, „tun“ schiedliches. Immer wieder stehen sie im Zentrum gesellschaftlicher Kontroversen. Gender- und Diversitätsdiskurse beschreiben, kritisieren und verändern hier ein gemeinsames Denk- und Handlungsfeld, in dem manche nicht „gleich“ und andere nicht „anders“ sein dürfen. Ein Perspektivwechsel ist nötig, um die Ambivalenzen, die in den Diskursen zutage treten, wertzuschätzen und die Normalität des eigenen (privilegierten) Standorts zu befragen.
Digitalisierung und Ernährung. Ein Feld großer Zukunftsvisionen aber auch ethischer Herausforderungen
Authors: Endres Eva-Maria
Published: September 2021

Der aktuelle Forschungsstand zum Thema digitale Ernährungskommunikation in den Sozialen Medien wird in dem vorliegenden Beitrag auf Basis einer Literatur- und Studienrecherche abgebildet. Im Fokus stehen dabei ethische Aspekte, die in verschiedenen Kontexten des Themenfeldes problematisiert werden - u.a. die Technologien des Internet of things, die personalisierte Ernährung, die Expertise der Ernährungsakteur:innen. Welche Bandbreite an Veränderungspotentialen die Sozialen Medien in der Ernährungskommunikation möglich machen, aber auch welche Risiken damit verbunden sind, dokumentiert die Forschungsarbeit auf Basis der Auswertung von 146 Reviews und 62 Studien. Die abschließenden Handlungsempfehlungen beinhalten Vorschläge auf verschiedenen Ebenen, wie Ernährungskommunikation in Sozialen Medien gesundheitsförderlich und nützlich für Individuen und Gesellschaft gestaltet werden können.
Zu schön, um wahr zu sein. Über das mediale Körperbild und die Entstehung von Essstörungen
Authors: Jung Tatjana Lilian , Jackob Nikolaus
Published: September 2021

Der Beitrag diskutiert, inwiefern das medial vermittelte Schönheitsideal zu der Entstehung einer Essstörung bei Rezipient:innen beiträgt, wer dafür verantwortlich ist und welche Regulierungsperspektiven existieren. Basierend auf der Theorie sozialer Vergleichsprozesse und der sozial-kognitiven Theorie wird die Wirkung des Schönheitsideals diskutiert. Bisherige Studien können den negativen Einfluss von Mediennutzung auf die Körperzufriedenheit bestätigen. Es wird gefolgert, dass für diese problematischen Inhalte vor allem die Medienunternehmen bzw. -plattformen die Verantwortung tragen. Es wird auch gezeigt, dass die Anwendung ethischer Richtlinien in den Medien bisher prekär ist und sich die Umsetzung weiterer Regulierungsmöglichkeiten in Deutschland schwierig gestaltet.
Digitalisierung des Zugangs zu staatlichen Leistungen: Darf – oder soll – künstliche Intelligenz über die Studienzulassung entscheiden?
Authors: Rademacher Timo
Published: September 2021

Der Einsatz künstlicher Intelligenz kann die Vergabe von Studienplätzen nach Leistung und Eignung optimieren und damit, gemessen an der Rechtsprechung des BVerfG, gerechter machen - zumindest in der Theorie. In der Realität, das zeigt der vorliegende Beitrag, sind vor dem Einsatz einer Studienzulassungs-KI zahlreiche offene Fragen zu klären: Welche Trainingsdaten dürfen und müssen genutzt werden, um verlässliche Leistungsprognosen zu ermöglichen? Wie kann der Gefahr verdeckter Diskriminierung vorgebeugt und wie kann KI „beigebracht“ werden, ihre Prognosen menschlich nachvollziehbar zu begründen? Der geplante Artificial Intelligence Act der EU könnte alsbald den institutionellen Rahmen für die Suche nach Antworten liefern.
Zur Bedeutung grundrechtlicher Schutzpflichten im Kontext der Masernimpfpflicht – Anmerkung zu BVerfG, Beschluss der 1. Kammer des Ersten Senats vom 11. Mai 2020, 1 BvR 469/20
Authors: Gebhard Friederike
Published: September 2021

Seit Inkrafttreten der Masernimpfpflicht am 1.3.2020 dürfen Kinder ab einem Lebensalter von einem Jahr nur noch in Betreuungseinrichtungen aufgenommen werden, wenn sie einen Impfschutz, eine masernspezifische Immunität oder eine medizinische Kontraindikation nachweisen können. Dadurch werden sowohl Grundrechte der Kinder als auch ihrer Eltern berührt. Das Bundesverfassungsgericht hat die vorläufige Außerkraftsetzung der Impfpflicht abgelehnt und damit die Bedeutung grundrechtlicher Schutzpflichten für die körperliche Unversehrtheit vulnerabler Personen betont.
Prävention von Jugendkriminalität
Authors: Bliesener Thomas
Published: September 2021

Das Angebot an kriminalpräventiven Maßnahmen ist sehr vielfältig und nahezu unüberschaubar. Gleichwohl haben sich einige Maßnahmen und Programme etabliert und eine überregional verbreitet. Der Beitrag systematisiert die vorliegenden Angebote und gibt eine Orientierung, wie verschiedene Angebote hinsichtlich ihrer Konzeption und Ausgestaltung einzuordnen sind. Ausgewählte Programme der universellen sowie der selektiven bzw. indizierten Prävention werden vorgestellt. Die Übersicht schließt sowohl Programme ein, die mit (potentiellen) Tätern individuell oder in der Gruppe arbeiten, als auch Maßnahmen, die einen verfahrensändernden Schwerpunkt haben. Eine besondere Beachtung wird der empirischen Bewährung der Programme und Maßnahmen im Rahmen der Evaluationsforschung geschenkt. Dies nicht zuletzt vor dem Hintergrund, dass Kriminalprävention im schlimmsten Fall nicht nur keine Wirkung, sondern durchaus auch negative Wirkungen auf die bemaßnahmten jungen Menschen haben kann.
Tätowierungen von Polizeibewerbern und Polizeibewerberinnen als Charakterindiz bei Einstellungsentscheidungen
Authors: Döring Linn Katharina
Published: September 2021

Polizeibewerber und Polizeibewerberinnen mit Tätowierungen stoßen immer wieder auf Einstellungshindernisse. Der vorliegende Artikel beleuchtet Kriterien und Probleme einer charakterlichen Eignungsprüfung anhand von Tätowierungsinhalten und setzt sie in den Kontext zu anderen für die Einstellungsbehörden ersichtlichen Charakterindizien.
Noch immer keine Lehrerin mit Kopftuch in Berlin
Authors: Wiese Kirsten
Published: September 2021

Im Mittelpunkt des Beitrages von Kirsten Wiese steht ein Urteil des Bundesarbeitsgerichts (BAG) vom 27. August 2020. Das BAG hat das Land Berlin dazu verurteilt, Schadensersatz an eine Muslimin zu zahlen, die wegen ihres Kopftuches nicht in den Lehramtsdienst eingestellt worden ist. Der Schadensersatzanspruch ergab sich aus dem Allgemeinen Gleichbehandlungsgesetz (AGG). Im Kern hatte das BAG darüber zu entscheiden, ob aufgrund des Berliner Neutralitätsgesetzes das Tragen religiöser Symbole und Kleidungsstücke im Schuldienst weiterhin pauschal verboten werden darf. Die Autorin skizziert zunächst die Rechtslage zum Kopftuch in öffentlichen und privaten Beschäftigungsverhältnissen, insbesondere das kürzlich verabschiedete Gesetz zum Erscheinungsbild von Beamt:innen. Sodann wird die Argumentation des BAG im Urteil vom 27. August 2020 aufgezeigt und anschließend dargestellt, warum das Urteil verfassungs- und europarechtlich überzeugt. Die Autorin argumentiert, dass das BAG zu Recht den Vorgaben des BVerfG von 2015 folgt und entgegen der Meinung des Landes Berlin das Verfahren nicht dem EuGH hätte vorlegen müssen. Die politischen Reaktionen auf das BAG-Urteil in Berlin sowie die möglichen Änderungen des Berliner Neutralitätsgesetzes werden anschließend aufgezeigt. Zuletzt wird im Fazit vertreten, dass trotz des Frauen-diskriminierenden Bedeutungsgehaltes des Kopftuches ein liberaler staatlicher und gesellschaftlicher Umgang mit diesem Kleidungsstück, auch im öffentlichen Dienst, geboten ist.
Legal preconditions for majoritarian democracy: The case of Hungary
Authors: Tóth Gábor Attila
Published: September 2021

The Constitution of Hungary promulgated in 2011 and officially called the Fundamental law thoroughly altered the Hungarian constitutional system. Scholars encounter difficulties when attempting to label the new system. While some typologies maintain that despite its illiberalism and populism the new system meets the formal criteria of legality and democracy, others insist that it represents an abuse of democratic constitutionalism. In what follows, I put two rival conceptions of democracy into the main focus to better understand the nature of the Hungarian constitutional system and the competing scholarly positions. First, I briefly introduce the contrast between the majoritarian and what I call the complex conception of democracy. My aim is to demonstrate that even if one subscribes to a majoritarian conception of democracy, certain legal and constitutional preconditions must be fulfilled. In the following sections, I examine the case of Hungary within this theoretical framework. The Hungarian constitutional system presents itself as a winner-takes-all majoritarian democracy. Nevertheless, an analysis of the legal preconditions of democracy - constitutional text, electoral system, legal institutions, fundamental rights, and the rule of law - can demonstrate that in this system, legal mechanisms do not serve to govern the formation of a legitimate majority rule. They create instead an autocratic system, the key attribute of which is the pretence of majoritarian democracy.
Über die Verteidigung der Demokratie und Rechtsstaatlichkeit in der Türkei
Authors: Göztepe Ece
Published: September 2021

In Zeiten der Autokratisierung scheint es immer schwieriger zu werden, Kriterien für eine funktionierende rechtsstaatliche Demokratie aufzustellen. Doch bedarf es dieser Kriterien dringend, da sich der Abbau von Rechtsstaatlichkeit und Demokratie nicht über eine offene Aufhebung der Grundprinzipien vollzieht, sondern vermittels kleiner Schritte, durch Aushöhlung der Substanz bei Aufrechterhaltung der Form oder durch Lethargie der Institutionen, ihre Zuständigkeiten wahrzunehmen. Der Beitrag zeigt am Beispiel der Türkei, wie einfallsreich autoritäre Regierungen darin sein können, vorhandene demokratische Strukturen zu instrumentalisieren, auszuhöhlen und den Pluralismus der Demokratie abzubauen. Dabei wird ersichtlich, wie der sog. »Volkswille« manipuliert und gegen die rechtsstaatliche Demokratie gewendet werden kann.
Die Substanz der Substanzlosigkeit: Das Normativitätsproblem radikaler Demokratietheorie
Authors: von Ramin Lucas
Published: September 2021

Radikale Demokratietheorien stehen in der Kritik, aufgrund ihrer epistemischen Grundlagen normativ haltlos zu sein. Ein Vergleich mit dem Theoriekern der Kritischen Theorie ermöglicht, die Normativität jener Theorien zu erschließen. Deutlich wird dann, dass das normative Potenzial in einer Umwertung von Entfremdungserfahrungen als Subjektivierungsstrategien liegt und nicht in deren bloßer Verurteilung.
Kriminologie im Dialog. Zur konkreten Spezialprävention im Bereich der Sexualkriminalität
Authors: Vollbach Alexander , Bünemann Benjamin
Published: September 2021

Im Sommer 2020 fand die erste Veranstaltung zum „Kriminologischen Dialog“ im Bremer Justizressort statt, der sich mit Fragen der konkreten Spezialprävention im Deliktbereich Sexualkriminalität beschäftigte. Der Beitrag geht mit Blick auf diese Täter- und Deliktgruppe auf die drängenden Probleme der Praxis der konkreten Spezialprävention (kriminologisch fundierte Diagnose, Intervention, Prognose, Evaluation im Einzelfall) ein und spricht sich für eine verstärkte Berücksichtigung der Angewandten Kriminologie in der Forschung, Ausbildung und Praxis aus.
Die Polizei und ihr Zugriff auf DNA-Daten: eine "genetische Inquisition"?
Authors: Butz Felix
Published: September 2021

Genetische Informationen sind immer umfangreicher verfügbar und können im Rahmen der Digitalisierung zunehmend für verschiedene Anwendungen genutzt werden. Auch in polizeilichen Kontexten, wo genetische Daten schon seit Jahrzehnten genutzt werden, ergeben sich immer weitere Verwendungsmöglichkeiten etwa zur Identifizierung von Personen. Daneben wird genwissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen aber schon seit jeher ein prognostisches Potential mit Blick auf menschliches (delinquentes) Verhalten zugeschrieben. Dieser Zusammenhang macht mit genetischem Wissen unterfütterte Kontrolltechnologien interessant für eine Kriminalpolitik, die eine kriminalitätsfreie bzw. erheblich kriminalitätsreduzierte Gesellschaft anvisiert hat. Mit einem solchen Ziel vor Augen muss ein wirksamer Implementierungsrahmen für die praktische Anwendung derartiger Technologien geschaffen werden, damit der polizeiliche Zugriff auf genetische Informationen nicht als „inquisitorischer Impuls“ eine strukturelle Benachteiligung betroffener Personen schafft.
Zur notwendigen anwaltlichen Vertretung beim polizeilichen Vorbeugegewahrsam
Authors: Merkel Grischa
Published: September 2021

Während die Rechte von Verdächtigen in einem Strafverfahren insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit einer Untersuchungshaft maßgeblich gestärkt wurden, sind die Rechte einer von Polizeigewahrsam nach Landesrecht betroffenen Person weiterhin rudimentär und uneinheitlich geregelt. Zeitliche Ausweitungen des polizeilichen Gewahrsams zur Deliktsverhinderung (sog. Vorbeugegewahrsam) in einigen Ländern lassen diese Diskrepanz fragwürdig erscheinen. Unter Berücksichtigung der Aussagefreiheit des Betroffenen, der Eingriffsschwere des Freiheitsentzugs, der behördlichen Abhängigkeit und der Gefahr körperlicher Misshandlungen während des Gewahrsams sowie spezifischer Unterschiede der Vollzugsarten wird herausgearbeitet, dass es einer notwendigen anwaltlichen Vertretung entsprechend § 114b StPO auch beim polizeilichen Vorbeugegewahrsam bedarf.
L’Université de Lubumbashi face à la Covid-19 sur les cités universitaires
Authors: Martial MUMBA KAKUDJI
Published: September 2021

La pandémie Covid-19 a bouleversé le monde entier et inquiété toute la Communauté internationale. L’Etat congolais, comme tant d’autres, avait fermé temporairement les institutions d’enseignement primaire, secondaire, supérieur et universitaire en vue de bien gérer la crise et limiter les possibilités de propagation du virus. Après le déconfinement, la République Démocratique du Congo, en sigle RDC, a ouvert ces institutions, plus particulièrement universitaires, mais tout en restant ferme aux mesures barrières et instructions édictées par l’Organisation mondiale de la santé et le Ministère de la santé. Cette réflexion aborde la question de la mise en œuvre de ces instructions et mesures barrières dans les cités universitaires de l’Université de Lubumbashi, la gestion de la crise sanitaire et les défis à relever.
Relations between Dietary Habits, Lifestyle and Leading Obesity
Authors: Mistri Shradha
Published: September 2021

Obesity, hypertension, depression currently in the rise are some of the many problems faced by a common person due to poor dietary and sleeping habits along with some genetic disorders. An extensive study has been done over two years with 205 subjects regarding their eating & sleeping habits and their mental & physical state on a day-to-day basis. The subjects include both males and females ranging from 15 years of age to 70 above. Altogether 12.68% of people suffer from obesity while just 51.21% of them have an appropriate weight. Women below the age of 25 have shown an overpowering presence of PCOS affecting their health and 38.53% of the population showcasing suffering from hypertension and 14.14% suffering from depression. Sleep has yet proven to be a defining factor in wellbeing. 17.07% of the population exhibit signs of sleep deprivation while just 63.9% of the population sleep over 7 hours daily. Like many other countries, in India, the shift from traditional healthy food to fast food & processed food is taking place, resulting in various health problems like obesity, heart problems, arthritis, weakness, diabetes, high blood pressure, difficulty in breathing, stroke & so on. The aim of this meta-analysis was to quantify the effects of nutrition, mental health and exercise on the various aspects of a person’s well-being.
The Role of Fibroblasts in Atherosclerosis Progression
Authors: Kuret Tadeja , Sodin-Šemrl Snežna
Published: September 2021

The following chapter addresses vascular fibroblasts in a healthy, quiescent state, as well during vascular inflammation, focusing on atherosclerosis. The development of atherosclerosis, an inflammatory disease of medium- and large-sized arteries, has traditionally been viewed as an “inside-out” mechanism, with prominent roles of the innermost layer of the artery, consisting of endothelial cells. However, emerging evidence suggests a new paradigm of “outside-in” mechanism, including an earlier role for fibroblasts, constituents of the outermost adventitial layer of the artery. Phenotypic and functional changes of fibroblasts in adventitia may even occur prior to, or alongside endothelial activation. Activated adventitial fibroblasts, implicated in atherosclerosis progression, begin to transform into myofibroblasts, upregulate production of different proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, proteolytic enzymes, extracellular matrix proteins and reactive oxygen species, leading to extensive matrix remodeling, chemotaxis and recruitment of immune cells. Due to their suitable location for drug delivery systems, preventing fibroblast activation, modulating their activity or inducing myofibroblast dedifferentiation could represent a promising therapeutic approach for atherosclerosis regression.
DNA Methyltransferases and Schizophrenia: Current Status
Authors: Amruth Maroju Pranay , Naga Mohan Kommu
Published: September 2021

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex disorder without a single cause but with multiple etiologies. Monozygotic twin studies suggesting high discordant rates provide evidence for epigenetic mechanisms among the factors that result in increased susceptibility. Among the different epigenetic modifications in mammals, DNA methylation mediated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) is the most-well studied. Studies on post-mortem brain samples and blood samples of SZ patients revealed altered levels of most DNMTs. In addition, some recent studies also reported disease-associated SNPs in the DNMT genes. While the effects of dysregulation of DNMTs are beginning to be understood, many unanswered questions remain. Here, we review the current evidences that shed light on the relationship between DNMT dysregulation and SZ, and suggest the possible strategies to address some of the unanswered questions.
The Energy and Climate Change Nexus in Uganda: Policy Challenges and Opportunities for Climate Compatible Development
Authors: Twinomuhangi Revocatus , Martin Kato Arthur , M. Sebbit Adam
Published: September 2021

Although Uganda has abundant energy resources including hydropower, oil and gas, biomass, geothermal, and solar energy, energy poverty is still very high and constrains socio-economic transformation. Biomass energy accounts for approx. 88% of the energy mix and only up to 28% of the country population have access to electricity, and the two energy sources are climate sensitive. The reliance on biomass energy is a driver to deforestation and forest degradation that also reduces the country’s resilience to climate hazards such as flooding, drought and landslides. Besides, deforestation is driver to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and adversely affects the delivery of ecosystem services. Uganda is also warming very first and rainfall patterns are becoming more variable. Coupled with increasing occurrence and severity of drought, intense rainfall, flooding and landslides, energy supply systems are becoming more vulnerable. While Uganda is currently not a major emitter of GHG, emissions will rise significantly in the future given the country’s rapidly growing population and urbanization that are increasing demand for energy and exacerbated by ongoing oil and gas development. Therefore, as Uganda strives to attain a middle-income status country, building climate resilient and transiting to decarbonized energy systems is not only a necessity but transformational to reducing energy poverty, increasing access to clean and affordable energy services, spurring investment and economic growth, job creation, improved health and poverty reduction. In this chapter, we examine the nexus between energy and climate change in Uganda, focusing on energy as both a driver and victim of climate change while at the same time exploring opportunities for achieving enhanced access to affordable, reliable and clean energy as a contribution to sustainable, green and resilient development.
Epigenetic
Authors: Ünal Mehmet
Published: September 2021

Lately, a brand-new studies agenda emphasizing interactions between societal elements and wellness has emerged. The phrase social determinant of health and fitness typically refers to any nonmedical element directly effecting health, including behaviors, knowledge, attitudes, and values. Status of health is adversely and strongly impacted throughout the life span by social disadvantages. Epigenetic mechanisms are implicated in the processes through which social stressors erode health in humans and other animals. Research in epigenetics suggests that alterations in DNA methylation might offer a temporary link between interpersonal adversity and wellness disparity. Likewise, accelerated loss in telomeres is extremely correlated not only with chronic and social stress but also aging. Therefore, it may provide a link between the various physiological events associated with health inequalities. Research in epigenetics indicates that alterations in DNA methylation may provide a causal link between social adversity and health disparity. Additionally, these experimental paradigms have yielded insights into the potential role of epigenetic mechanisms in mediating the effects of the environment on human development and indicate that consideration of the sensitivity of laboratory animals to environmental cues may be an important factor in predicting long-term health and welfare.