bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in Family Structure during Shantytown Redevelopment and Their Correlation with the Living Space
Authors: Chao Hao , Kong Hui
Published: July 2024

Amid rapid urbanization, shantytown redevelopment profoundly transforms urban environments and catalyzes substantial changes in social, economic, and family structures. Yet, most previous studies have focused narrowly on the outcomes of single residential mobility events, overlooking the complex dynamics that unfold across the pre-redevelopment, during-redevelopment, and post-redevelopment phases. This study investigates changes in family structure and their correlation with living space throughout all three phases of shantytown redevelopment in Heze City, Shandong Province, China, from 2016 to 2023. Collecting data through a community survey, we gathered 1035 valid responses to analyze family structure and residential characteristics. Our analysis, which included Sankey diagrams and cross-lagged panel models (CLPM), revealed a predominant trend of large families fragmenting into smaller nuclear units and demonstrated a significant positive correlation between family structure complexity (FSC) and living space. Notably, the FSC from a previous phase had a significant influence on the living space of the following phase, indicating lagged effects where housing choices are influenced by prior family structure. Further comparisons across different housing types and tenures during the temporary phase highlighted diverse structural changes among families. These insights are crucial for policymakers to refine urban redevelopment strategies, better meet residents’ needs, and enhance the efficacy of policies.
Monitoring Sustainable Development Goal Indicator 15.3.1 on Land Degradation Using SEPAL: Examples, Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Ghosh Amit , Rambaud Pierrick , Finegold Yelena , Jonckheere Inge , Martin-Ortega Pablo , Jalal Rashed , Adebayo Adebowale Daniel , Alvarez Ana , Borretti Martin , Caela Jose , Ghosh Tuhin , Lindquist Erik , Henry Matieu
Published: July 2024

A third of the world’s ecosystems are considered degraded, and there is an urgent need for protection and restoration to make the planet healthier. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) target 15.3 aims at protecting and restoring the terrestrial ecosystem to achieve a land degradation-neutral world by 2030. Land restoration through inclusive and productive growth is indispensable to promote sustainable development by fostering climate change-resistant, poverty-alleviating, and environmentally protective economic growth. The SDG Indicator 15.3.1 is used to measure progress towards a land degradation-neutral world. Earth observation datasets are the primary data sources for deriving the three sub-indicators of indicator 15.3.1. It requires selecting, querying, and processing a substantial historical archive of data. To reduce the complexities, make the calculation user-friendly, and adapt it to in-country applications, a module on the FAO’s SEPAL platform has been developed in compliance with the UNCCD Good Practice Guidance (GPG v2) to derive the necessary statistics and maps for monitoring and reporting land degradation. The module uses satellite data from Landsat, Sentinel 2, and MODIS sensors for primary productivity assessment, along with other datasets enabling high-resolution to large-scale assessment of land degradation. The use of an in-country land cover transition matrix along with in-country land cover data enables a more accurate assessment of land cover changes over time. Four different case studies from Bangladesh, Nigeria, Uruguay, and Angola are presented to highlight the prospect and challenges of monitoring land degradation using various datasets, including LCML-based national land cover legend and land cover data.
Evaluation Metrics for Generative Models: An Empirical Study
Authors: Betzalel Eyal , Penso Coby , Fetaya Ethan
Published: July 2024

Generative models such as generative adversarial networks, diffusion models, and variational auto-encoders have become prevalent in recent years. While it is true that these models have shown remarkable results, evaluating their performance is challenging. This issue is of vital importance to push research forward and identify meaningful gains from random noise. Currently, heuristic metrics such as the inception score (IS) and Fréchet inception distance (FID) are the most common evaluation metrics, but what they measure is not entirely clear. Additionally, there are questions regarding how meaningful their score actually is. In this work, we propose a novel evaluation protocol for likelihood-based generative models, based on generating a high-quality synthetic dataset on which we can estimate classical metrics for comparison. This new scheme harnesses the advantages of knowing the underlying likelihood values of the data by measuring the divergence between the model-generated data and the synthetic dataset. Our study shows that while FID and IS correlate with several f-divergences, their ranking of close models can vary considerably, making them problematic when used for fine-grained comparison. We further use this experimental setting to study which evaluation metric best correlates with our probabilistic metrics.
Forging Innovative Leadership: The Power of Agility, Diversity, and Risk-Taking Configurations
Authors: Tigre Fernanda Bethlem
Published: July 2024

Innovation is crucial for achieving and maintaining a competitive edge, especially evident in the digital business landscape, where the fourth and fifth industrial revolutions are occurring concurrently. Leadership behavior significantly influences the direction of organizations toward innovation. This study investigated whether a propensity for risk taking, along with a commitment to diversity and agility, promotes or impedes leaders’ innovative behavior. Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis was employed to assess the data gathered from an online survey of 119 global leaders. The results exposed four distinct routes to fostering innovative behavior and three paths leading to noninnovative behavior that should be evaded. All conditions play a vital role in triggering innovative behavior. Conversely, the lack of these conditions can result in noninnovative leadership. This study’s novelty rests on the empirical evidence it provides about the paths guiding leaders toward innovative behavior and avoiding the danger of noninnovative leadership. These findings can assist managers and HR departments in pursuing certain paths for hiring and training managers to boost innovative behavior and preclude paths leading to noninnovative conduct.
Molecular-Network Transformations in Tetra-Arsenic Triselenide Glassy Alloys Tuned within Nanomilling Platform
Authors: Shpotyuk Oleh , Hyla Malgorzata , Shpotyuk Yaroslav , Lukáčová Bujňáková Zdenka , Baláž Peter , Demchenko Pavlo , Kozdraś Andrzej , Boyko Vitaliy , Kovalskiy Andriy
Published: July 2024

Polyamorphic transformations driven by high-energy mechanical ball milling (nanomilling) are recognized in a melt-quenched glassy alloy of tetra-arsenic triselenide (As4Se3). We employed XRPD analysis complemented by thermophysical heat-transfer and micro-Raman spectroscopy studies. A straightforward interpretation of the medium-range structural response to milling-driven reamorphization is developed within a modified microcrystalline model by treating diffuse peak-halos in the XRPD patterns of this alloy as a superposition of the Bragg-diffraction contribution from inter-planar correlations, which are supplemented by the Ehrenfest-diffraction contribution from inter-atomic and/or inter-molecular correlations related to derivatives of thioarsenide As4Sen molecules, mainly dimorphite-type As4Se3 ones. These cage molecules are merely destroyed under milling, facilitating the formation of a polymerized network with enhanced calorimetric heat-transfer responses. Disruption of intermediate-range ordering, due to weakening of the FSDP (the first sharp diffraction peak), accompanied by an enhancement of extended-range ordering, due to fragmentation of structural entities responsible for the SSDP (the second sharp diffraction peak), occurs as an interplay between medium-range structural levels in the reamorphized As4Se3 glass alloy. Nanomilling-driven destruction of thioarsenide As4Sen molecules followed by incorporation of their remnants into a glassy network is proved by micro-Raman spectroscopy. Microstructure scenarios of the molecular-to-network polyamorphic transformations caused by the decomposition of the As4Se3 molecules and their direct destruction under grinding are recognized by an ab initio quantum-chemical cluster-modeling algorithm.
Alkaloid-Based Isoxazolylureas: Synthesis and Effect in Combination with Anticancer Drugs on C6 Rat Glioma Model Cells
Authors: Mukusheva Gulim K. , Jalmakhanbetova Roza I. , Shaibek Altynay Zh. , Nurmaganbetova Manshuk S. , Zhasymbekova Aigerym R. , Nurkenov Oralgazy A. , Akishina Ekaterina A. , Kolesnik Irina A. , Dikusar Evgenij A. , Terpinskaya Tatiana I. , Kulchitsky Vladimir A. , Potkin Vladimir I. , Pushkarchuk Alexander L. , Lyakhov Dmitry A. , Michels Dominik L.
Published: July 2024

Alkaloid-based urea derivatives were produced with high yield through the reaction of anabasine and cytisine with isoxazolylphenylcarbamates in boiling benzene. Their antitumor activity, in combination with the commonly used five anticancer drugs, namely cyclophosphane, fluorouracil, etoposide, cisplatin, ribomustine with different mechanisms of action, was investigated. Based on the quantum chemical calculations data and molecular docking, hypotheses have been put forward to explain their mutual influence when affecting C6 rat glioma model cells.
Long-Term Biodegradation of Polyacrylamide Gel Residues in Mammary Glands: Physico-Chemical Analysis, Chromatographic Detection, and Implications for Chronic Inflammation
Authors: Legonkova Olga A. , Sultanova Naida O. , Stafford Victoria V. , Zavitaeva Anastasia A. , Kopitsyn Dmitry S. , Tolboeva Elena R. , Mahmydov Abdul M. , Vinokurov Vladimir A. , Davydova Galina A. , Svishcheva Natalia B. , Barbaro Katia , Rau Julietta V.
Published: July 2024

In the past, polyacrylamide hydrogel was a popular choice for breast augmentation filler, and many women underwent mammoplasty with this gel. However, due to frequent complications, the use of polyacrylamide hydrogel in mammoplasty has been banned. Despite this ban, patients experiencing complications still seek medical treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the fate of the polymer over a defined implantation period. Biopsies of breast implants were obtained from patients with 23 and 27 years of post-mammoplasty. These biopsies were meticulously purified from biological impurities and subjected to analysis using IR spectrometry, liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry, gas chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry. The findings revealed the presence of polyacrylamide hydrogel residues, along with degradation products, within the infected material. Notably, the low-molecular-weight degradation products revealed via gas chromatography are aggressive and toxic substances capable of inducing chronic inflammation. This study sheds light on the long-term consequences of polyacrylamide hydrogel implantation, highlighting the persistence of harmful degradation products and their role in exacerbating patient complications.
The Endogenous Pain Modulatory System as a Healing Mechanism: A Proposal on How to Measure and Modulate It
Authors: de Melo Paulo S. , Pacheco-Barrios Kevin , Marduy Anna , Vasquez-Avila Karen , Simis Marcel , Imamura Marta , Cardenas-Rojas Alejandra , Navarro-Flores Alba , Batistella Linamara , Fregni Felipe
Published: July 2024

Background: Chronic pain is highly burdening and multifactorial in etiology. The endogenous-pain-healing system restores body tissue to a non-painful state after an injury leading to pain, and its disruption could represent a relevant mechanism, especially for nursing interventions. Aim: To review the literature and summarize the results that support this hypothesis. Methods: We hypothesized that the mechanism behind this system mainly depends on the endogenous pain modulatory system (EPMS), which is responsible for inhibiting pain after tissue healing is complete and facilitating it when tissue damage is still present. Different biomarkers can quantify EPMS functioning. We reviewed the literature and included relevant information regarding this hypothesis. Results: First, conditioned pain modulation (CPM) measures pain inhibition and is a possible predictor for pain chronification. Second, motor cortex excitability measures the cortical control of the EPMS, which can be assessed through transcranial magnetic stimulation (using intracortical inhibition) or electroencephalography. Modifiable factors disrupt its functioning, such as sleep deprivation, medication overuse, and mental health status, but could be protective, such as exercise, certain medications, mind–body techniques, and non-invasive neuromodulation therapies. The acquisition of neurophysiological knowledge of how the chronicity of pain occurs and the EPMS involvement in this process may allow for better management of these patients. Conclusions: We raised the hypothesis that the impairment of the EPMS (altered cortical excitability and descendent pain modulation pathways) seems to be related to the disruption of the pain healing process and its chronicity. Further longitudinal studies evaluating the relationship between these biomarkers and chronic pain development are necessary.
Isolated and Associated Use of the Nematophagous Fungi Pochonia chlamydosporia and Duddingtonia flagrans to Control Taenia saginata Eggs
Authors: Ferreira Thaís Schmidt , Ferraz Carolina Magri , Santos Pedro Henrique Dutra , Soares Filippe Elias Freitas , Segantine Vinicius Bastos Salles , Vilela Vinícius Longo Ribeiro , Araújo Jackson Victor , Braga Fabio Ribeiro
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the isolated and associated use of the nematophagous fungi Pochonia chlamydosporia (isolate VC4) as an ovicide and Duddingtonia flagrans (isolate AC001) as a predator in the control of Taenia saginata eggs. Viable T. saginata eggs were obtained by dissecting mature proglottids from a specimen. For the experimental assay, four groups were formed in microtubes, as follows: (G1—T. saginata eggs/control); (G2—100 T. saginata eggs + VC4); (G3—100 T. saginata eggs + AC001); (G4—100 T. saginata eggs + VC4 + AC001). All the groups were stored in a B.O.D. incubation chamber at a temperature of 27 °C for 15 days and then the contents of the microtubes were analyzed using an optical microscope with a 40x objective. At the end of the assay the treated groups (G2 to G4) showed ovicidal activity (destruction of eggs) compared to the control group (G1). The highest ovicidal percentage was observed in group G2 (eggs + VC4), with 43.3%. In groups G3 and G4 (combination of fungal isolates), the ovicidal percentages were 25.7% and 25.6%, respectively. The results of this study shed light on a new possibility for the combined use of different species of nematophagous fungi, which could be used in the future for environmental biological control of T. saginata eggs.
Use of Proline to Induce Salt Stress Tolerance in Guava
Authors: Silva Smyth Trotsk de Araújo , Lima Geovani Soares de , Lima Vera Lúcia Antunes de , Nóbrega Jackson Silva , da Silva Saulo Soares , Ferreira Jean Telvio Andrade , Dantas Maila Vieira , Roque Iara Almeida , Soares Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos , Torres Rafaela Aparecida Frazão , de Lacerda Cassiano Nogueira , Gheyi Hans Raj , Silva Luderlândio de Andrade , Sousa Valéria Fernandes de Oliveira
Published: July 2024

Guava is a fruit tree with high potential in the semi-arid region of northeast Brazil. However, qualitative and quantitative water scarcity is a limiting factor for the expansion of irrigated agriculture. Thus, it is necessary to use techniques to mitigate the effects of salt stress, such as foliar application of proline. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of proline as a mitigator of salt stress effects on the morphophysiology of guava cv. Paluma. The experiment was carried out under field conditions at the ‘Rolando Enrique Rivas Castellón’ Experimental Farm in São Domingos, PB, Brazil, using a randomized block design in a 5 × 4 factorial scheme referring to five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water, ECw (0.8, 1.5, 2.2, 2.9, and 3.5 dS m−1) and four concentrations of proline (0, 8, 16, and 24 mM). Salinity above 0.8 dS m−1 compromised gas exchange, photosynthetic pigment synthesis, photochemical efficiency, and growth of guava plants at 360 days after transplanting. Foliar application of proline at a concentration of 24 mM mitigated the effect of salt stress on the relative water content, stomatal conductance, and carotenoid contents in plants irrigated with 3.6 dS m−1 water. Meanwhile, a proline concentration of up to 18 mM resulted in higher transpiration, CO2 assimilation rate, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, and absolute growth rate in stem diameter under ECw of 0.8 dS m−1. Proline concentration of up to 24 mM increased the biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments and the relative growth rate in stem diameter of guava in the period from 190 to 360 days after transplanting.
Electrospinning Polyvinyl Alcohol Reinforced with Chitin: The Effect of the Degree of Acetylation
Authors: Krumme Andres , Mendez James D.
Published: July 2024

Nanocomposites made via electrospinning were constructed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitin. Chitin was extracted from a natural source (Fomes fomentarius), which allowed for precise control of the chemical properties of the resulting material. Chitin was chosen as a filler due to its low cost and widespread availability. Increasing the degree of acetylation of the chitin increased the Young’s Modulus of the resulting fiber mats but only at relatively high levels. While composites at lower acetylation levels were stable, no increase in the Young’s Modulus was observed, presumably due to decreased intermolecular bonding among fibers. The results suggest that precise control of the degree of acetylation of chitin, more than the loading amount and dispersibility, significantly impacts composite formation.
Words and Attitudes of the Heart: The Emotional Content of Christian Nationalist Communications
Authors: Walker Brooklyn
Published: July 2024

Christian nationalism has emerged as an important component of the relationship between religious identities and political attitudes. While several studies have analyzed the constellation of Christian nationalist elites and the effects of Christian nationalist orientations on public opinion, to date no study has explored how Christian nationalist elites message to the public or what effects these messages have. Moreover, the current literature lacks comparisons of Christian nationalism to other similar orientations. This study uses content analysis to compare the content and use of emotion language of Facebook messages of Christian nationalist, Christian Christian nationalism (CN) opposition, and patriotic groups. I find that these groups focus posts on issues that are stereotypical to the group identity, and that the use of emotion language differs by topic and group type. Additionally, groups’ use of emotion language shifts the emotional responses of readers, especially in Christian nationalist groups. This study adds to our understanding of the role of emotion in social media communications and the effects of social media communications on readers.
Spiritual Disciplines in Philosophical Counseling Clinical Education with the Self-Dialogue Seminar
Authors: Kim Yujin
Published: July 2024

In order to contribute to the discussion of pathological problems that occur in today’s “phase transition phenomenon of relationship,” this article focuses on “self-deception”—an example of a distorted relationship with oneself. It explores ways to overcome such issues through philosophical counseling. The specific measure is the Self-Dialogue seminar, a part of the Philosophical Counseling Clinical Education (PCCE) program. The second Section, therefore, begins with the question “How do we deal with the phenomenon of self-deception (on the part of the counselor or client) that we might actually encounter in philosophical counseling?” and discusses where and how philosophical counseling can intervene in the entire process of self-deception. In preparation for the possibility of encountering different levels of self-deception, the third section examines the contexts of three types of self-deceptions. The fourth section explores the possibility that a client or philosophical counselor can discover and change their own points of deception through the Records of Self-Dialogue seminar. Finally, the article argues that philosophical dialogue, if attained within a community predicated on individual equality and mutuality, can be a valid prescription for self-deception in the modern world.
Ratio aut auctores? Reason, Authority and the Anagogic Ascent in the Twelfth Century
Authors: Cunningham Jack
Published: July 2024

In the twelfth century, certain thinkers in the north of Europe were exalting human reason in a manner that had not been seen since the time of the ancient philosophers. Adelard of Bath, William of Conches, Thierry of Chartres and Peter Abelard all championed ratio in a way that seemed to challenge the hegemony of learning that rested securely with the authority of scripture, the testament of the Fathers and the canons of the established councils. In so doing, it represented a significantly different approach from the firmly established ‘authors’ (auctores) as certain scholars pursued their learning, and indeed even divine ascent, via other avenues. Even the visionary Hildegard von Bingen set enormous stock in rationality. This paper will discuss the use of reason for the anagogic ascent to the divine in order to trace its roots to a Platonic understanding of the universe in tandem with a highly positive anthropology that allowed for a bold reassessment of human capabilities, as well as a new appreciation of nature.
Vegetation Warming and Greenness Decline across Amazonia during the Extreme Drought of 2023
Authors: Jiménez Juan Carlos , Miranda Vitor , Trigo Isabel , Libonati Renata , Albuquerque Ronaldo , Peres Leonardo F. , Espinoza Jhan-Carlo , Marengo José Antonio
Published: July 2024

In 2023, most parts of the world experienced exceptional heat. In particular, anomalous warm temperatures and heatwave events were evidenced across South America during the second half of the year. The situation was particularly critical in the Amazon region in terms of not only hydrometeorological drought but also ecological and socioeconomic impacts. In this study, remote-sensing data collected from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) were used to observe the changes in temperature and vegetation across Amazonia during the exceptional drought of 2023. This analysis was based on anomalies in the land surface temperature (LST) and vegetation indices: the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The amplitude of the LST (AMP-LST), an indicator of the energy partitioning between the latent and sensible heat flux, and fire counts were also considered. The results show widespread and extreme warming across Amazonia during the austral spring in 2023, accompanied by a decline in vegetation greenness, water stress conditions across northern Amazonia, and an enhanced fire occurrence across central and northern Amazonia.
Varroa Mite Counting Based on Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Ghezal Amira , Peña Christian Jair Luis , König Andreas
Published: July 2024

Varroa mite infestation poses a severe threat to honeybee colonies globally. This study investigates the feasibility of utilizing the HS-Cam and machine learning techniques for Varroa mite counting. The methodology involves image acquisition, dimensionality reduction through Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and machine learning-based segmentation and classification algorithms. Specifically, a k-Nearest Neighbors (kNNs) model distinguishes Varroa mites from other objects in the images, while a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier enhances shape detection. The final phase integrates a dedicated counting algorithm, leveraging outputs from the SVM classifier to quantify Varroa mite populations in hyperspectral images. The preliminary results demonstrate segmentation accuracy exceeding 99% and an average precision of 0.9983 and recall of 0.9947 across all the classes. The results obtained from our machine learning-based approach for Varroa mite counting were compared against ground-truth labels obtained through manual counting, demonstrating a high degree of agreement between the automated counting and manual ground truth. Despite working with a limited dataset, the HS-Cam showcases its potential for Varroa counting, delivering superior performance compared to traditional RGB images. Future research directions include validating the proposed hyperspectral imaging methodology with a more extensive and diverse dataset. Additionally, the effectiveness of using a near-infrared (NIR) excitation source for Varroa detection will be explored, along with assessing smartphone integration feasibility.
Cell-Type-Specific Effect of Innate Immune Signaling on Stress Granules
Authors: Lamichhane Prem Prasad , Aditi  , Xie Xuping , Samir Parimal
Published: July 2024

Stress granules (SGs) are cytoplasmic membraneless compartments that can form in stressed cells. There is an intricate relationship between SGs and innate immune signaling pathways. A previous study reported that the innate immune signaling mediated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can inhibit SGs induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) in bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and the chemotherapy drug oxaliplatin in B16 melanoma cells. We wanted to test if this observation can be generalized to other cell types. First, we recapitulated the results from the previous study showing TLR signaling-mediated inhibition of SGs in BMDMs induced by ER stress. However, SGs formed in response to ER stress were either not inhibited or only very weakly inhibited by TLR4 stimulation in human lung cancer-derived A549 cells, murine immortalized mouse lung fibroblasts (iMLFs) and primary murine mouse lung fibroblasts. This correlated with a weak induction of IKK complex kinase activity by TLR4 stimulation in these cells. SGs formed by sodium arsenite treatment also remained unaffected by TLR4 signaling. Our results indicate that the innate immune signaling-mediated inhibition of SGs is cell-type-dependent, thus opening a new avenue for mechanistic studies of the crosstalk between innate immune and stress signaling pathways.
Uncovering Spatial Patterns of Residential Settlements, Segregation, and Vulnerability of Urban Seniors Using Geospatial Analytics and Modeling Techniques
Authors: Dao Thi Hong Diep , Dao Khac An , Barboza-Salerno Gia
Published: July 2024

We harnessed the analytical power of geospatial analysis and modeling techniques, pioneering a novel approach to studying the spatial distribution of households with at least one senior aged 65 or over, known as senior households (SHHs). We developed and implemented a spatial modeling approach that disaggregates the senior household counts obtained from the U.S. Census block data to residential land parcels. This innovative method models the senior household count on each land parcel, generating a detailed, reliable synthetic microspatial dataset for urban senior studies. Robust spatial analysis techniques are then applied to examine senior household spatial distribution in the context of segregation and access vulnerability in the study area. Our research, conducted in the urban setting of Colorado Springs, provides a deeper understanding of the senior residential landscape and identifies vulnerability. Our research findings are not just academic but also practical tools for planners, policymakers, and community advocates in the city to understand senior residential settlements, segregation, and social inequality. Our adaptable approach can be applied using similar modeling and analysis techniques for different study areas. The synthetic data and its generation approach are valuable resources for future urban senior research, enabling further examinations of different senior residential neighborhood typologies beyond basic demographic and socioeconomic aggregated indicators. They can assist studies interested in analyzing the influence of local factors and neighborhood effects on active aging among individuals, as well as simulating individual senior choices and spatial behaviors. Furthermore, they serve as a comparison baseline for future attempts to develop synthetic senior population data with socioeconomic and health characteristics.
Radar-Based Pedestrian and Vehicle Detection and Identification for Driving Assistance
Authors: Viadero-Monasterio Fernando , Alonso-Rentería Luciano , Pérez-Oria Juan , Viadero-Rueda Fernando
Published: July 2024

The introduction of advanced driver assistance systems has significantly reduced vehicle accidents by providing crucial support for high-speed driving and alerting drivers to imminent dangers. Despite these advancements, current systems still depend on the driver’s ability to respond to warnings effectively. To address this limitation, this research focused on developing a neural network model for the automatic detection and classification of objects in front of a vehicle, including pedestrians and other vehicles, using radar technology. Radar sensors were employed to detect objects by measuring the distance to the object and analyzing the power of the reflected signals to determine the type of object detected. Experimental tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of the radar-based system under various driving conditions, assessing its accuracy in detecting and classifying different objects. The proposed neural network model achieved a high accuracy rate, correctly identifying approximately 91% of objects in the test scenarios. The results demonstrate that this model can be used to inform drivers of potential hazards or to initiate autonomous braking and steering maneuvers to prevent collisions. This research contributes to the development of more effective safety features for vehicles, enhancing the overall effectiveness of driver assistance systems and paving the way for future advancements in autonomous driving technology.
An Improved Classification Model for English Syntax Error Correction Design of DL Algorithm
Authors: Han Xue
Published: July 2024

To better respond to the slogan of smart teaching in universities and fully integrate various artificial intelligence technologies with educational learning, many scholars have conducted research on teaching methods and models in universities. Traditional English teaching often uses manual verification to correct grammar errors. In view of the shortcomings of the traditional manual English grammar correction methods, such as low efficiency, time-consuming, this paper combines the deep learning technology to design an English Syntax Error Correction (ESEC) model based on the Transformer structure. The paper first introduces the working principle of traditional neural networks in syntax error correction, and then studies the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) and Transformer structure. Finally, the Transformer structure is integrated with the GAN and the ESEC model to create the final syntax error correction model. The results of testing the performance of the model showed that the designed model had good performance. The recognition accuracy, recognition recall, and F1 values on the test dataset CoNLL-2020 were 0.98, 0.96, and 0.97, respectively. The three values on the JFLEG test set dataset were 0.96, 0.98, and 0.97, respectively. In conclusion, the English grammar error correction model proposed in this paper demonstrates satisfactory performance, and its implementation in practical English grammar error correction tasks yields similarly positive results
Afghanistan : vingt ans après
Authors: Cahin Gérard
Published: July 2024

On August 30, 2021, the last american soldier was leaving Kaboul as the victorious Talibans were back in power, after being driven out twenty years earlier by the armed intervention launched by the USA in response to the 09/11 attacks. Scheduled by the Doha Agreement of February 20, 2020, directly negotiated with theTalibans, the withdrawal of the USA and its allies from Afghanistan came as the price to pay for an accumulation of errors of judgment and faulty assessments from the successive american administrations, who, from the very start, had planned the involvment of the country with that withdrawal in mind instead of clearly singling out their objectives. However, the Taliban’s victory would not have been so devastating had not their victorious march on Kaboul brought about the collapse of the governmental apparatus installed with the UNO decisve help, and cast a remorseless light upon the larger failure of the afghan State reconstruction in spite of a massive jointed effort on an international scale. Dismantled in 2001, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan has now been restored under the institutional form of a de facto government which no State has to this day recognized, and finds totally incapable of coping with the attacks of terrorists groups now competing with Al Qaïda, and dealing with the disastrous economic crisis heating the country. The latter demands massive international relief and UNO lasting presence, with the appalling regression of human rights, more particularly as regards the situation of women, young girls and minorities, also put to the forefront.

(* ) Professeur émérite de l’Université Paris Panthéon-Assas, co-directeur de l’ AFDI .
Retour sur le 60e anniversaire de l’entrée en vigueur du Traité sur l’Antarctique et sur le 30e anniversaire du Protocole de Madrid relatif à la protection de l’environnement
Authors: Schneider Frédéric
Published: July 2024

En tant qu’État hôte en 2021, la France a organisé la XLIIIe Réunion Consultative du Traité sur l’Antarctique (RCTA) et la XXIIIe réunion du Comité pour la protection de l’environnement (CPE), qui se sont tenues en parallèle du 14 au 24 juin 2021 à Paris, bien qu’elles se soient déroulées par visioconférence en raison de la situation sanitaire. Le 23 juin 2021, jour du 60e anniversaire de l’entrée en vigueur du Traité sur l’Antarctique, la RCTA a adopté la Déclaration de Paris à cette occasion, ainsi que pour célébrer le 30e anniversaire de la signature du Protocole de Madrid relatif à la protection de l’environnement. Cette déclaration, servant de fil d’Ariane tout au long de la présente étude, réaffirme en particulier l’engagement des Parties consultatives envers les principes et les objectifs du Traité sur l’Antarctique, tout en rappelant leur engagement en faveur de la protection globale de l’environnement en Antarctique et des écosystèmes dépendants et associés, ainsi que leur attachement à la désignation de l’Antarctique comme réserve naturelle, consacrée à la paix et à la science.
Diseño y desarrollo de tarjeta prototipo para la implementación de proyectos de control automático y electrónica
Authors: Chapa Ricardo , Martínez Nestor Antonio Flores , Ramos Valentín Guzmán
Published: July 2024

En este trabajo se presentará el diseño, desarrollo e innovación tecnológica de una tarjeta prototipo multipropósito para la implementación de proyectos de control automático y prácticas de electrónica, tanto digital como analógica. En la metodología se expone la importancia que tiene este desarrollo dado que la parte teórica y didáctica se llevan a la práctica, resultando un mejor aprendizaje para todas las personas interesadas en la investigación y desarrollo, también provee una información clara para poder utilizarlo en sus propios proyectos o aplicaciones. Además, en este proyecto de investigación de aplicación teórica, en el que se hace uso del hardware desarrollado, y software para la programación, se mostrarán algunos ejemplos de implementación de proyectos y prácticas utilizado dicha tarjeta para validar su efectividad y funcionamiento.
Multi-Quantifying Maxillofacial Traits via a Demographic Parity-Based AI Model
Authors: Shi Mengru , Gong Zhuohong , Zeng Peisheng , Xiang Dawei , Cai Gengbin , Liu Hengyi , Chen Shijie , Liu Runheng , Chen Zhuofan , Zhang Xinchun , Chen Zetao
Published: July 2024

Objective and Impact Statement:
The multi-quantification of the distinct individualized maxillofacial traits, that is, quantifying multiple indices, is vital for diagnosis, decision-making, and prognosis of the maxillofacial surgery.
Introduction:
While the discrete and demographically disproportionate distributions of the multiple indices restrict the generalization ability of artificial intelligence (AI)-based automatic analysis, this study presents a demographic-parity strategy for AI-based multi-quantification.
Methods:
In the aesthetic-concerning maxillary alveolar basal bone, which requires quantifying a total of 9 indices from length and width dimensional, this study collected a total of 4,000 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) sagittal images, and developed a deep learning model composed of a backbone and multiple regression heads with fully shared parameters to intelligently predict these quantitative metrics. Through auditing of the primary generalization result, the sensitive attribute was identified and the dataset was subdivided to train new submodels. Then, submodels trained from respective subsets were ensembled for final generalization.
Results:
The primary generalization result showed that the AI model underperformed in quantifying major basal bone indices. The sex factor was proved to be the sensitive attribute. The final model was ensembled by the male and female submodels, which yielded equal performance between genders, low error, high consistency, satisfying correlation coefficient, and highly focused attention. The ensemble model exhibited high similarity to clinicians with minor processing time.
Conclusion:
This work validates that the demographic parity strategy enables the AI algorithm with greater model generalization ability, even for the highly variable traits, which benefits for the appearance-concerning maxillofacial surgery.
Pelatihan Pemrograman Dasar Python pada SMKN 7 Pekanbaru
Authors: Santoso Heni Rachmawati , Yulina Syefrida , Muslim Istianah
Published: July 2024

Python adalah salah satu bahasa pemrograman yang sangat populer dan banyak digunakan oleh para pengembang perangkat lunak di seluruh dunia. Pelatihan Python akan memberikan kesempatan bagi siswa sekolah menengah kejuruan untuk mempelajari dasar-dasar pemrograman khususnya dengan bahasa pemrograman Python. Bahasa Python dirancang untuk membantu programmer membangun kode yang mudah dibaca, mudah dimengerti, dan mudah dirawat. Python telah digunakan untuk membangun berbagai jenis aplikasi, mulai dari program desktop hingga situs web dan aplikasi mobile. Selain itu, Python juga sangat fleksibel dan dapat digunakan dalam berbagai macam proyek dan aplikasi, termasuk pemrosesan data, kecerdasan buatan, pembelajaran mesin, dan pengembangan game. Dalam hal penggunaannya, Python juga memiliki sintaks yang mudah dipelajari, sehingga membuatnya menjadi bahasa pemrograman yang ideal bagi pemula maupun pengembang berpengalaman. Dengan menguasai dasar pemrograman Python, siswa akan dapat membangun aplikasi sederhana, meningkatkan keterampilan pemecahan masalah dan logika serta meningkatkan daya pikir kritis mereka. SMKN 7 adalah salah satu sekolah menengah kejuaruan yang memiliki jurusan Teknologi Komputer Jaringan dan Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak. Kedua jurusan ini mempelajari pemrograman di kurikulum mereka. Namun Bahasa python masih sesuatu yang baru bagi mereka, dengan pelatihan ini bisa menambah keterampilan yang sangat berharga untuk memasuki dunia kerja di bidang teknologi informasi nantinya.
INOVASI PENGGUNAAN DAUN KELOR DALAM PENANGANAN STUNTING SEBAGAI PRODUK PENGABDIAN DI DESA TONYAMAN
Authors: Sohorah Sitti , Karlinda Nining
Published: July 2024

Kuliah Kerja Nyata Kolaboratif dengan tema Kepariwisataan dan Ekonomi Kreatif (KKN-Koparekraf) melibatkan 5 unsur (Pentahelix) yaitu akademisi, pemerintah, pelaku bisnis, komunitas, dan media, berlangsung selama 40 hari di Desa Tonyaman. Kegiatan ini menggunakan metode wawancara dan observasi langsung. Observasi lapangan lokasi wisata dan ekonomi kreatif serta wawancara langsung aparat desa dengan  pelaku usaha mikro kecil dan menengah (UMKM). Pariwisata yang ada belum berkembang dikarenakan kurangnya perhatian pada potensi wisata yang ada dan dan kurangnya pemahaman penggunaan media dalam usaha. Promosi wisata dan pelatihan pada masyarakat pelaku UMKM diharapakan menjadi motivasi agar  potensi desa dikenal dalam maupun luar kabupaten.  Program seperti pencegahan stunting  berkaitan erat dengan tema ekonomi kreatif, program ini  mengadakan sosialisasi  dan manfaat daun kelor, pelatihan pembuatan produk  yang dapat dijadikan usaha pada UMKM desa serta meningkatkan inovasi masyarakat dalam pencegahan stunting dengan bubuk daun kelor serbaguna yang dapat dikonsumsi langsung dan penambahan pada menu olahan makanan untuk sasaran resiko stunting untuk  peningkatan derajat kesehatan masyarakat.  Hasil yang telah dicapai  pada kegiatan ini, kader posyandu dan masyarakat mengetahui manfaat daun kelor  serta pembuatan menu yang variatif.   Bubuk daun kelor  juga akan dijadikan sebagai salah satu jenis usaha UMKM di Desa Tonyaman.
PELAKSANAAN PENDAMPINGAN KEGIATAN PROJEK PENGUATAN PROFIL PELAJAR PANCASILA (P5) DENGAN METODE KOLABORASI PADA UPTD SMA NEGERI 1 TOPOYO
Authors: Irmayani Naim , Yusuf Yusuf , Marpiyanti Marpiyanti , Khairiyah Wildatul , Kadir Fitriani
Published: July 2024

Best Practice ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan Pelaksanaan kegiatan Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila (P5) dengan metode kolaborasi pada UPTD SMA Negeri 1 Topoyo. Kolaborasi dalam bentuk kegiatan In House Training, Komunitas Belajar maupun Kolaborasi dalam pembelajaran berhasil meningkatkan pemahaman dan kompetensi guru dan siswa dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila. Guru sudah memiliki kemampuan untuk menyusun modul ajar maupun modul ajar P5. Siswa sudah memahami materi dan tahapan-tahapan kegiatan P5 sehingga dapat menghasilkan karya ataupun produk yang dapat mereka pamerkan pada kegiatan panen hasil karya. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan pola pelatihan dan pembinaan yang tepat guru berhasil memahami dan menerapkan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran di kelas.
Sosialisasi ekonomi masyrakat desa ralleanak
Authors: Nirwana Nur Sri
Published: July 2024

Program unasman membangun desa (PUMD) multimatik angkatan covid XXXIV Edisi covid 19 universitas al asyriah mandar 2021 yang direncanakan sebagai solusi dalam melaksanakan program kkn selama pandemi covid 19
MENINGKATKAN KESADARAN REMAJA TUNAGRAHITA TENTANG PENCEGAHAN KEKERASAN SEKSUAL MELALUI MEDIA VIDEO
Authors: Mansur Arif Rohman , Sari Ira Mulya , Herien Yelly - , Deswita Deswita , Neherta Meri , Fajria Lili , Farlina Mutia , Novrianda Dwi , Wahyu Wedya , Yuni Annisa Rahma
Published: July 2024

Pendidikan kesehatan mengenai pencegahan kekerasan atau pelecehan seksual dapat mengelola masalah kesehatan seksual secara efektif pada kelompok anak remaja disabilitas intelektual. Video animasi sangat mudah dipahami dalam proses pembelajaran dan menjadi salah satu media yang efektif dalam pemberian pendidikan seksual bagi anak tunagrahita. Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah meningkatkan kesadaran remaja tunagrahita tentang pencegahan kekerasan seksual melalui media video. Tahapannya meliputi perencanaan dan persiapan, pelaksaaan kegiatan pengabdian dan evaluasi. Kegiatan dilaksanaan pada hari Jum’at tanggal 9 September 2022 kepada siswa sekolah menengah pertama (SMP) dan sekolah menengah atas (SMA) yang berjumlah 22 orang di SLB N 1 Padang. Pengukuran keberhasilan media video  ini menggunakan pre-test dan post-test dengan kuisioner berisi 12 pertanyaan singkat. Hasilnya didapatkan peningkatan skor pengetahuan siswa dari 4,95 menjadi 7,36. uji paired t-test di dapatkan nilai p-value 0,018 yang menunjukkan bahwa intervensi pencegahan kekerasan seksual  dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan atau kesadaran anak tunagrahita mengenai pencegahan kekerasan seksual. Kegiatan ini sukses terlaksana dengan partisipasi dan semangat yang tinggi dari siswa dalam mengikuti kegiatan tersebut. Diharapkan, video ini dapat menjadi sarana edukasi yang bermanfaat bagi sekolah dalam upaya meminimalisir jumlah korban dari kekerasan seksual.
Determinan Return Saham dengan Analisis Profitabilitas dan Sustainability Report
Authors: Rahayu Sri
Published: July 2024

Stock returns are one of the important factors that investors pay attention to before investing. One sector that investors are interested in is the banking sector because this sector produces a large profit. Before investing, investors usually need information contained in financial reports and non-financial reports to calculate the stock return that investors will get in the future. This study aims to determine The Effect of Profitability and Sustainability Report on Stock Return. The sample selection technique in this study used a purposive sampling method and obtained 11 banking sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2022 period. The data analysis method used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS program version 22. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that profitability and sustainability report on environmental performance have a positive and significant effect on stock return, while sustainability report on economic performance and sustainability report on social performance have no effect on stock return.
STUDI LITERATUR : “FRAUD DETECTION” EARLY WARNING SYSTEM
Authors: Rahayu Cindy Septiana , Nurhalyza Tasya , Ratnawati Tri
Published: July 2024

Fraud atau kecurangan merupakan masalah serius yang dapat merugikan negara, perusahaan, dan masyarakat secara keseluruhan. Di Indonesia, kasus-kasus fraud telah menyebabkan kerugian finansial yang besar dan menimbulkan krisis kepercayaan terhadap institusi dan sistem yang ada. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi pengaruh penerapan Fraud Early Warning System (FEWS) terhadap aktivitas bisnis di suatu perusahaan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deduksi, yang melibatkan analisis teori dan konsep yang terkait dengan deteksi fraud dan sistem peringatan dini. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, FEWS dapat membantu perusahaan mendeteksi tanda-tanda awal kecurangan, mengurangi kerugian finansial dan meningkatkan efisiensi serta transparansi perusahaan secara keseluruhan. Manfaat praktis dari penelitian ini termasuk memberikan panduan bagi perusahaan dalam mengidentifikasi metode dan teknologi yang efektif untuk deteksi fraud, serta memperbaiki proses dan kebijakan internal perusahaan.
Nowe stanowiska Glyceria striata (Poaceae) w Polsce i jej aktualne rozmieszczenie w Europie
Authors: Chmiel Julian , Babczyńska-Sendek Beata , Rakowski Wojciech , Świtalski Konrad
Published: July 2024

The paper describes the occurrence of Glyceria striata in 10 new localities in western and southern Poland. Most of the fowl mannagrass populations were found in wooded areas, in gaps of ash-alder riparian forests (Fraxino-Alnetum) near flowing or standing waters. In vegetation patches with an area of several to approximately 200 m2, numerous, often very compact clumps of this grass, with a significant share of generative shoots, were usually observed. Based on our review of publications and online databases, the list of 48 European localities of G. striata prepared in 2012 has been enriched by 115 more.