bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of antimicrobial efficacy of leather coating using chitosan modified TiO2–CuO nanocomposites
Authors: Ghodake Vijay S. , Koyale Pramod A. , More Vikramsinh B. , Sonawane Kailas D. , Delekar Sagar D.
Published: January 2025

Evaluating the microbial inactivation efficacy of ternary TiO2–CuO–Chitosan nanocomposites (TCC NCs) as antimicrobial surface coatings on cowhide leather.
Enhanced response of an infrared photodetector based on hybridization between reduced graphene oxide and up-conversion microparticles
Authors: Tuyen Vuong Thanh , Ngo Duc Anh , Duy Le Thai , Hao Nguyen Duc , Tran Thi Nhu Hoa , Dang Vinh Quang , Van Tran T. T.
Published: January 2025

The fabrication of a hybrid UCMPs/RGO based photodetector with enhanced device performance under infrared light illumination.
CoII-organic ‘soft’ metallo-supramolecular polymer nanofibers for efficient photoreduction of CO2
Authors: Mondal Souvik , Rahimi Faruk Ahamed , Das Tarak Nath , Nath Sukhendu , Maji Tapas Kumar
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the visible light-driven CO2 reduction to CO using 'soft' metallo-supramolecular polymer nanofibers, showcasing the high selectivity and efficiency in both pure CO2 and low-concentration (5% CO2, 95% Ar) CO2 enviornments.
Salicylic acid induces the formation of supramolecular antimicrobial hydrogels from worm-like micelles
Authors: Liu Dongfang , Huang Liqin , Jing Yu , Huang Tingmei , Zhang Di , Jiang Dong , Zhao Yaxin , Zhang Yuanyuan
Published: January 2025

This study focuses on the transformation of WLMs formed by LGS and CTAB into supramolecular hydrogels with SA and the construction of a pH-responsive hydrogel system via electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions.
Sodium metal anodes with multiphasic interphases for room temperature sodium–sulfur pouch cells
Authors: Soni Chhail Bihari , Barik Sidhant Kumar , Vineeth S. K. , Yadav Bhupendra , Chandra Mahesh , Sungjemmenla  , C Sanjaykumar , Kumar Hemant , Kumar Vipin
Published: January 2025

The multiphasic SEI design, consisting of NaF, NaI, and NaNH2, combines high rigidity, ductility, and low ionic diffusion barriers, enhancing stability and performance in RT-Na/S batteries.
Synergistic linkage engineering in covalent organic frameworks for boosting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Du Changsheng , Jia Tongtong , Na Wenjing , Huang Haojie , You Zewen , Liu Yunqi , Song Wenjing , Chen Jianyi
Published: January 2025

Enhancing π-conjugation and bond stability, along with the introduction of hydrophilic carboxyl groups into the COF channels, significantly boosts the photocatalytic performance, reusability, and durability of the COF.
Single Zn atoms anchored in mesoporous N-doped carbon rods derived from metal–organic frameworks for enhanced electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Ma Mengxue , Pei Zhuoya , Peng Yuxin , Hua Rong , Ma Yuxing , Wang Weilong , Xu Xiaoxiang , Zhang Xuepeng , Zheng Haoquan
Published: January 2025

Nitrogen–carbon (N–C) materials have been recently explored to activate Fenton-reaction-inactive Zn single atoms as active sites for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
Difunctional oxidatively cleavable alkenyl boronates: application to cellular peroxide sensing from a fluorophore–quencher pair
Authors: Klootwyk Brittany M. , Fleury Grace M. , Albright Savannah , Deiters Alexander , Floreancig Paul E.
Published: January 2025

This manuscript details a difunctional oxidatively cleavable linker for applications in drug release. H2O2 promotes fluorophore liberation from a FRET pair, which leads to a selective fluorescent response in oxidatively stressed cancer cells.
Characterisation of RNA guanine-7 methyltransferase (RNMT) using a small molecule approach
Authors: Pearson Lesley-Anne , Petit Alain-Pierre , Mendoza Martinez Cesar , Bellany Fiona , Lin De , Niven Sarah , Swift Rachel , Eadsforth Thomas , Fyfe Paul , Paul Marilyn , Postis Vincent , Hu Xiao , Cowling Victoria H. , Gray David W.
Published: January 2025

The maturation of the RNA cap involving guanosine N-7 methylation, catalyzsed by the HsRNMT (RNA guanine-7 methyltransferase (HsRNMT)-RAM (RNA guanine-N7 methyltransferase activating subunit (RAM) complex, is currently under investigation as a novel strategy to combat PIK3CA -mutant breast cancer. However, the development of effective drugs is hindered by a limited understanding of the enzyme’s mechanism and a lack of small molecule inhibitors. Following the elucidation of the HsRNMT-RAM molecular mechanism, we report the biophysical characterizsation of two small molecule hits. Biophysics, biochemistry and structural biology confirm that both compounds bind competitively with cap and bind effectively to HsRNMT-RAM in the presence of the co-product SAH, with a binding affinity (KD) of approximately 1 μM. This stabilisation of the enzyme-–product complex results in uncompetitive inhibition. Finally, we describe the properties of the cap pocket and provided suggestions for further development of the tool compounds.
Renal damage-induced hepcidin accumulation contributes to anemia in angiotensinogen-deficient mice
Authors: Rodrigues André F. , Boreggio Laura , Lahuta Tetiana , Qadri Fatimunnisa , Alenina Natalia , Barros Carlos C. , Todiras Mihail , Bader Michael
Published: January 2025

Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the most active peptide hormone produced by the renin–angiotensin system (RAS). Genetic deletion of genes that ultimately restrict Ang II formation has been shown to result in marked anemia in mice. In this study, adult mice with a genetic deletion of the RAS precursor protein angiotensinogen (Agt-KO) were used. Experimental analyses included capillary hematocrit, hemogram, plasma and tissue iron quantifications, expression analyses of genes encoding relevant proteins for body iron homeostasis in different organs, as well as plasma and urine hepcidin quantifications. As previously reported, Agt-KO were anemic with reduced red blood cell counts. Interestingly, we found that they presented microcytic anemia based on the reduced red blood cell volume. In agreement, plasma quantification of iron revealed lower levels of circulating iron in Agt-KO. The major body iron stores, namely in the liver and spleen, were also depleted in the RAS-deficient line. Hepatic hepcidin expression was reduced, as well as one of its major regulators, BMP6, as a result of the iron deficiency. However, plasma hepcidin levels were unexpectedly increased in Agt-KO. We confirm the typical morphological alterations and impaired renal function of Agt-KO and conclude that hepcidin accumulates in the circulation due to the reduced glomerular filtration in Agt-KO, and therefore identified the culprit of iron deficiency in Agt-KO. Collectively, the data demonstrated that the severe anemia developed in RAS-deficient mice is exacerbated by iron deficiency which is secondary to the renal damage-induced hepcidin accumulation in the circulation.
Hybrid simulation method for agglomerate evolution in driven granular gases
Authors: Führer F. , Schwaak J. , Brendel L. , Wurm G. , Wolf D. E.
Published: January 2025

Aims. We present a new hybrid simulation method for protoplanetary dust evolution that is efficient and takes into account the complex fragmentation and agglomeration dynamics. We applied it to simulate the evolution of agglomerate size distributions for turbulent, charged systems.

Methods. The hybrid method combines kinetic Monte Carlo and discrete element simulations in such a way that the expensive latter is only deployed when two agglomerates collide. This method can easily be extended to include additional driving mechanisms, interactions, and the effects of inhomogeneities.

Results. Our simulations reveal an emerging steady state in the size distribution. Due to the efficiency of our method, we are able to extend previous results with improved statistics for the size distribution of large agglomerates; in addition to the previously reported power law, we find a regime with an exponential decay.
Cyclical accretion regime change in the slow X-ray pulsar 4U 0114+65 observed with Chandra
Authors: Sanjurjo-Ferrín G. , Torrejón J. M. , Postnov K. , Nowak M. , Rodes-Roca J. J. , Oskinova L. , Planelles-Villalva J. , Schulz N.
Published: January 2025

4U 0114+65 is a high-mass X-ray binary system formed by the luminous supergiant B1Ia, known as V* V662 Cas, and one of the slowest rotating neutron stars (NSs) with a spin period of about 2.6 hours. This provides a rare opportunity to study interesting details of the accretion within each individual pulse of the compact object. For this paper we analyzed 200 ks of Chandra grating data, divided into nine uninterrupted observations around the orbit. The changes in the circumstellar absorption column through the orbit suggest an orbital inclination of ∼40° with respect to the observer and a companion mass-loss rate of ∼8.6 ⋅ 10−7M⊙ yr−1. The peaks of the NS pulse exhibit a large pulse-to-pulse variability. Three of them show an evolution from a brighter regime to a weaker one. We propose that the efficiency of Compton cooling in this source fluctuates throughout an accumulation cycle. After significant depletion of matter within the magnetosphere, since the settling velocity is ∼2× lower than the free-fall velocity, the source gradually accumulates matter until the density exceeds a critical threshold. This increase in density triggers a transition to a more efficient Compton cooling regime, leading to a higher mass accretion rate and consequently to an increased brightness.
The ESO SupJup Survey
Authors: Mulder W. , de Regt S. , Landman R. , Picos D. González , Snellen I. A. G. , Zhang Y. , Gandhi S. , Ginski C. , Kesseli A. Y. , Nasedkin E. , Stolker T.
Published: January 2025

Context. Recent research suggests that the distinct formation processes of exoplanets and brown dwarfs may have an influence on the chemical and isotopic composition of their atmospheres. Variations in the carbon 12C/13C isotope ratio have been observed and tentatively linked to the top-down formation of brown dwarfs and the core accretion pathway of super-Jupiters. The ESO SupJup Survey, conducted with CRIRES+ on the Very Large Telescope, aims to characterise the atmospheres of young brown dwarfs and super-Jupiters, specifically by investigating the 12C/13C ratio as a tracer of their formation pathways.

Aims. We present the atmospheric characterisation of three isolated L-type brown dwarfs (2MASS J08354256-0819237, 2MASS J05012406-0010452, and 2MASS J05002100+0330501) included in the ESO SupJup Survey. We aim to constrain the C/O and 12C/13C ratios, and investigate whether the oxygen 16O/18O isotope ratio can be probed.

Methods. We analysed the CRIRES+ K-band spectra of the three targets using our atmospheric retrieval framework. This framework couples the radiative transfer code petitRADTRANS with the sampling algorithm MultiNest.

Results. We report 12C/13C ratios of 89−11+11 and 117−17+20 for J0835 and J0500 with strong 13CO significance (>6.5σ) and a tentative (3σ) detection of 13CO for J0501, resulting in a carbon isotope ratio of 155−53+56. Only a weak detection of the H218O isotope was found in J0835. The C/O ratios are found to be in the range 0.65 to 0.71 for the three targets, and all exhibit strong detections of HF.

Conclusions. The 12C/13C ratios appear to be higher than that of the interstellar medium.
Accelerating lensed quasar discovery and modeling with physics-informed variational autoencoders
Authors: Andika Irham T. , Schuldt Stefan , Suyu Sherry H. , Bag Satadru , Cañameras Raoul , Melo Alejandra , Grillo Claudio , Chan James H. H.
Published: January 2025

Strongly lensed quasars provide valuable insights into the rate of cosmic expansion, the distribution of dark matter in foreground deflectors, and the characteristics of quasar hosts. However, detecting them in astronomical images is difficult due to the prevalence of non-lensing objects. To address this challenge, we developed a generative deep learning model called VariLens, built upon a physics-informed variational autoencoder. This model seamlessly integrates three essential modules: image reconstruction, object classification, and lens modeling, offering a fast and comprehensive approach to strong lens analysis. VariLens is capable of rapidly determining both (1) the probability that an object is a lens system and (2) key parameters of a singular isothermal ellipsoid (SIE) mass model – including the Einstein radius (θE), lens center, and ellipticity – in just milliseconds using a single CPU. A direct comparison of VariLens estimates with traditional lens modeling for 20 known lensed quasars within the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) footprint shows good agreement, with both results consistent within 2σ for systems with θE < 3″. To identify new lensed quasar candidates, we began with an initial sample of approximately 80 million sources, combining HSC data with multiwavelength information from Gaia, UKIRT, VISTA, WISE, eROSITA, and VLA. After applying a photometric preselection aimed at locating z > 1.5 sources, the number of candidates was reduced to 710 966. Subsequently, VariLens highlights 13 831 sources, each showing a high likelihood of being a lens. A visual assessment of these objects results in 42 promising candidates that await spectroscopic confirmation. These results underscore the potential of automated deep learning pipelines to efficiently detect and model strong lenses in large datasets, substantially reducing the need for manual inspection.
Scaling Properties of ϕ-Meson and Light Charged Hadron Production in Small and Large Systems at PHENIX
Authors: Nouicer Rachid
Published: January 2025

Recent results on the identified charged-hadron (π±, K±, p, p¯) production vat midrapidity region (|η| < 0.35) have been measured by the PHENIX experiment in p + Al, 3He + Au, Cu + Au collisions at √SNN = 200 GeV and U + U collisions at √SNN = 193 GeV. These measurements are presented through the invariant transverse-momentum (pT ) and transverse-mass (mT) spectra for different collision centralities. The averaged freeze-out temperature value for different systems was found to be 166.1 ± 2.2 MeV, and do not exhibit any dependence on the collision centrality and 〈Nparti〉 values. The particle ratios of K/π and p/π have been measured in different centrality ranges of large and small collision systems. The values of K/π ratios measured in all considered collision systems were found to be consistent with those measured in p+p collisions. Furthermore, the identified charged-hadron nuclear-modification factors (RAB) are also presented. Enhancement of proton RAB values over meson RAB values was observed in central 3He+Au, Cu+Au, and U+U collisions. The proton RAB values measured in p+Al collision system were found to be consistent with RAB values of ∅, π±, K±, and π0 mesons, suggesting that the size of the system produced in p+Al collisions is too small for recombination to cause a noticeable increase in proton production.
Navigation versus Robotik in der Wirbelsäulenchirurgie – Pro Navigation
Authors: Richter Marcus
Published: January 2025

Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es die Vorteile der spinalen Navigation bei der Platzierung von Implantaten darzulegen verglichen mit der konventionellen Technik, aber insbesondere auch im Vergleich zur robotischen Technik.

Der Einsatz der spinalen Navigation bei Instrumentierungen der Wirbelsäule und des Beckens führt zu einer signifikant geringeren Rate von Schraubenfehllagen, zu einer verbesserten Dimensionierung von Implantaten und zu einer signifikant reduzierten Komplikations- und Revisionsrate.

Weiterhin wird durch den Einsatz der spinalen Navigation die Strahlenbelastung für das an der OP beteiligte Personal signifikant reduziert.

Diese Vorteile sind in vielen wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten publiziert.

Die Verwendung der spinalen Navigation erhöht durch die Anschaffungs- und Wartungskosten, sowie Kosten für notwendige Einmalartikel die Kosten einer Operation.

Trotz der wissenschaftlich nachgewiesenen Vorteile der spinalen Navigation in der Wirbelsäulenchirurgie wird diese weltweit und auch in Deutschland nicht flächendeckend eingesetzt. Aktuell werden in Deutschland nur ca 1/3 aller Pedikelschrauben mit spinaler Navigation implantiert, obwohl die spinale Navigation für den klinischen Einsatz seit 25 Jahren verfügbar ist und klinisch eingesetzt wird.

Eine deutlich weitere Verbreitung ist in Anbetracht der unbestrittenen Vorteile aus medizinischer Sicht unbedingt wünschenswert.

Die seit einigen Jahren verfügbare Robotik ist mittlerweile auch für die Wirbelsäulenchirurgie verfügbar. Sie bietet die gleichen Vorteile wie die spinale Navigation bei jedoch deutlich höheren Anschaffungs- und Unterhaltskosten. Ein signifikanter Vorteil gegenüber der spinalen Navigation für das Platzieren von Implantaten in Hinblick auf Präzision und Effizienz ist bei den aktuell kommerziel verfügbaren Systemen nicht ersichtlich.

Geht man von einem insgesamt gedeckelten Budget aus so wäre aus medizinischer Sicht eine flächendeckendere Verwendung der spinalen Navigation wesentlich effektiver für die Verbesserung der Ergebnisqualität und Patientensicherheit als der zunehmende sehr teure Einsatz der Robotik.
Anemia and Prognosis in Patients with Acute Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Hofmann Elena , Stalder Odile , Méan Marie , Rodondi Nicolas , Tritschler Tobias , Righini Marc , Aujesky Drahomir
Published: January 2025

Background Studies found an association between anemia and overall mortality and major bleeding (MB) in patients with acute venous thromboembolism (VTE), but whether anemia is causally related to death, bleeding, or recurrent VTE is uncertain.

Objectives To explore the association between anemia at baseline and short-/long-term clinical outcomes in a prospective cohort of 928 patients with acute VTE.

Methods We defined anemia as a hemoglobin <13 g/dL for men/< 12 g/dL for women. The primary outcome was overall mortality, secondary outcomes were MB and recurrent VTE at 3 months (short term) and over the entire follow-up (long term). An independent committee determined the cause of death. We examined the association between anemia and clinical outcomes using multivariable regression, adjusting for confounders, periods of anticoagulation, and the competing risk of death if appropriate.

Results Overall, 42% of patients had anemia. After a median follow-up of 30 months, 21.4% died, 13.8% experienced MB, and 12.4% had recurrent VTE. Anemia was associated with long-term overall mortality (adjusted HR 1.46, 95%CI 1.06–2.02) but not with short-term mortality, MB, or recurrent VTE. Per 1 g/dL increase in hemoglobin, long-term mortality risk decreased by 8%. Anemic patients were more likely to die from left ventricular failure than non-anemic patients (9.8% versus 1.3%).

Conclusion Anemic patients with VTE carried a higher long-term mortality risk than those without anemia, possibly due to an excess in mortality from left ventricular failure. The lack of an independent relationship between anemia and bleeding indicated that anemia might have confounding rather than causal effects.
Selective Pyridine-Directed C–H Activation Enabled Synthesis of Pyridine-pyridone α-Helix Mimics
Authors: Xiao Dong , Song Zhiguo J. , Song Zhiyan
Published: January 2025

The exploration of pyridine-directed C–H activation in 2-benzyl-6-phenylpyridine revealed selective bromination at the ortho-phenyl position via Rh catalysis, rather than the ortho-benzyl position. In contrast, the corresponding alkylation was unsuccessful, suggesting a preference for the Rh(III) pathway to minimize steric congestion from pyridine disubstitution. This mechanistic insight facilitated the development of a room-temperature C–H activation–bromination method, enabling the synthesis of a pyridine-pyridone α-helix mimic.
Nonlinear conductivity of Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox whiskers: peculiarities near the superconducting transition
Authors: Pokrovskiĭ V. Ya. , Gorlova I. G. , Zybtsev S. G.
Published: January 2025

The dependences of resistance R on the electric field E are measured for Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox whiskers in the vicinity of the superconducting transition. It is found that the value of R increases with E, the form of the R(E) curves changing qualitatively near the superconducting transition temperature Tc0: the curvature of the R(E) curves changes sign, and the nonlinear resistance R(E)–R(0) has a peak for a given current. Peculiarities near Tc0 reflect the change in the conductivity mechanism at this temperature.
Microwave surface resistance of a YBa2Cu3O7−x single crystal and its temperature dependence
Authors: Tarasov V. F. , Taborov V. F. , Kasatkin A. L. , Pan V. M.
Published: January 2025

The surface resistance Rs of a YBa2Cu3O7−x single crystal is measured at a frequency 10 GHz. In the region 80−20 K, the value of Rs≈ 170·10−6 Ω, while at T<20 K it decreases. It is assumed that the reason behind such a behavior of Rs lies in the state of the surface layer of the single crystal of thickness Δ∼30–50 Å.
Phase transitions and vitrification
Authors: Bakaĭ A. S.
Published: January 2025

Phase transitions accompanying the transformation of a liquid into the amorphous solid state (glass) are considered. The thermodynamics of glasses and liquids in the normal and supercooled states are investigated by using the droplet and mixed state models taking into account the violation of ergodicity in noncrystalline solids. It is shown that weak first-order phase transitions occur in the vicinity of the percolation threshold for the transformation of a liquid cluster into glass and of a solid cluster into liquid. The criterion for existence of critical points in the liquid-amorphous solid system is obtained. Experimental data on the structure and thermodynamics of vitrifying liquids are discussed briefly.
Nucleation of superconducting phase in superconductor–antiferromagnet superlattices
Authors: Krivoruchko V. N.
Published: January 2025

The nucleation of the superconducting phase in layered proximity structures of the type superconductor–band antiferromagnetic metal is considered. The dependences of the superconducting transition temperature, the upper longitudinal and transverse critical fields on the period of the structure and the state of the boundary between the layers are analyzed. The conditions for the emergence of the superconducting phase in proximity superlattices with ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic metals are compared.
EPR study of magnetic phase diagram of Yb3+-doped TIBa2Ca1−xYxCu2O7
Authors: Gudenko S. V. , Tolmacheva N. S.
Published: January 2025

A magnetic phase (x,T) diagram of the TlBa2(Ca1−xYx)0.98Yb0.02Cu2O7(0⩽x⩽1) system is constructed on the basis of EPR data for Yb3+ ions. It includes the states of three-dimensional antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering, the paramagnetic state with two-dimensional spin correlations, and two types of spin glass (the cluster state and that realized only on the AFM background. Intra- and interplane energies of Cu2+–Cu2+ exchange interaction energies are estimated as J∥≃1200 K and J⊥≃0.4 K, the constant of indirect long-range exchange interaction between localized holes, which is executed by AFM ordered Cu2+ ions, is found to be Jr≃670 K/hole, the critical hole concentration corresponding to the destruction of the long-range AFM order is estimated as δc ≃ 0.015 hole/Cu, and the effective values of disordered magnetic moments of a localized hole and a Cu2+ ion in the AFM states are μeff h ≃ 5μB and μeff Cu ≃ 0.7μB, respectively.
Paramagnetic resonance of impurity ions in fullerites
Authors: Roitsin A. B. , Artamonov L. V. , Klimov A. A.
Published: January 2025

The paramagnetic resonance (PR) of icosahedral symmetry (IS) centers in lower symmetry fields (for example, the fullerenes containing impurity atoms in fullerites) is considered theoretically. For this purpose, a technique is worked out and used for obtaining matrices of all elements of irreducible representations (IR) of the icosahedral groups (IG). These elements are used for obtaining the perturbation matrices of the operators of Zeeman energy, hyperfine and other interactions of all pairs of IR of IG. The spin Hamiltonian is constructed for paramagnetic centers of IS; its eigenvalues, transition frequencies, and resonance values of magnetic fields are determined for all orientations of the latter. Corrections to these characteristics of the PR spectra caused by perturbing intracrystalline electrical fields of fullerene surroundings are obtained in accordance with the structure of fullerites.
Effect of electromagnetic field on critical currents in a superconducting channel
Authors: Dmitriev V. M. , Zolochevskii I. V. , Khristenko E. V.
Published: January 2025

The results of analysis of the electromagnetic field effect on currents corresponding to the formation of phase-slip centers in the superconducting channel are considered. It is shown that the resistive state of the channel can be stabilized due to Josephson radiation emitted by a phase-slip center.
Magnetic field tunable spectral response of kinetic inductance detectors
Authors: Levy-Bertrand F. , Calvo M. , Chowdhury U. , Gomez A. , Goupy J. , Monfardini A.
Published: January 2025

We tune the onset of optical response in aluminum kinetic inductance detectors from a natural cutoff frequency of 90 GHz to 60 GHz by applying an external magnetic field. The change in the spectral response is due to the decrease in the superconducting gap, from 90 GHz at zero magnetic field to 60 GHz at a magnetic field of around 3 mT. We characterize the variation of the superconducting gap, the detector frequency shift, and the internal quality factor as a function of the applied field. In principle, the magnetic field tunable response could be used to make spectroscopic measurements. In practice, the internal quality factor behaves hysterically with the magnetic field due to the presence of vortices in the thin superconducting film. We conclude by discussing possible solutions to achieve spectroscopy measurements using kinetic inductance detectors and magnetic field.
On-chip power efficient MHz to GHz tunable Brillouin microwave photonic filters
Authors: Parihar Reena , Lai Choon Kong , Zhang Ziqian , Choi Duk-Yong , Madden Stephen J. , Eggleton Benjamin J. , Choudhary Amol , Merklein Moritz
Published: January 2025

Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) offers optically tunable, narrowband gain and loss resonances, which makes it ideal for optical filtering and signal processing applications. However, broadband filters utilizing Brillouin scattering typically necessitate multiple pump sources or linear frequency modulated waveforms, which necessitate the use of overall high pump powers to achieve broadband and multi-band filter configurations. To overcome the trade-off between bandwidth and power consumption, we introduce an on-chip broadband bandpass filter scheme leveraging the SBS response and the concept of radio frequency interference. We present the MHz to GHz reconfigurable microwave photonic filters on a chip. The bandwidth is tunable from 30 MHz to 1.2 GHz at a total pump power of only 15 dBm, corresponding to a figure of merit (maximum bandwidth/pump power) improvement of a factor of 25 compared to previously reported work. Furthermore, the filter exhibits frequency tuning capabilities ranging from 10 to 40 GHz (X to Ka-band) and can be configured from single- to multi-bandpass filter responses and switched from bandpass to bandstop.
Tipping events in a fear-affected symbiotic ecological system with adaptive hunting strategy
Authors: Kausar Sk Md , Mandal Arindam , Chattopadhyay Joydev
Published: January 2025

Experimental observations and field data demonstrated that predators adapt their hunting strategies in response to prey abundance. While previous studies explored the impact of predation risk on predator–prey interactions, the impact of symbiotic relationships between fear-affected prey and non-prey species on system dynamics remains unexplored. This study uses a mathematical approach to investigate how different symbiotic relationships govern system dynamics when predators adapt to prey availability. Our study illustrates that the mutualistic relationship between prey and partners extends predator survivability. However, the fear-affected symbiotic system may undergo regime shifts, which can be catastrophic or non-catastrophic, depending on symbiotic interaction patterns. The study demonstrates a hump-shaped relationship between the predator’s optimal search rate and biomass and identifies an intermediate range of search rates where the system exhibits a “bubbling”phenomenon. Overall, our findings provide new insights into symbiotic relationships in community ecology, highlighting the complex interplay among predators, prey, and non-prey species.
Towards higher electro-optic response in AlScN
Authors: Wang Haochen , Mu Sai , Van de Walle Chris G.
Published: January 2025

Novel materials with large electro-optic (EO) coefficients are essential for developing ultra-compact broadband modulators and enabling effective quantum transduction. Compared to lithium niobate, the most widely used nonlinear optical material, wurtzite AlScN, offers advantages in nano-photonic devices due to its compatibility with integrated circuits. We perform detailed first-principles calculations to investigate the electro-optic effect in Al1−xScxN alloys and superlattices. At elevated Sc concentrations in alloys, the EO coefficients increase; importantly, we find that cation ordering along the c axis leads to enhanced EO response. Strain engineering can be used to further manipulate the EO coefficients of AlScN films. With applied in-plane strains, the piezoelectric contributions to the EO coefficients increase dramatically, even exceeding 250 pm/V. We also explore the possibility of EO enhancement through superlattice engineering, finding that nonpolar a-plane (AlN)m/(ScN)n superlattices increase EO coefficients beyond 40 pm/V. Our findings provide design principles to enhance the electro-optic effect through alloy engineering and heterostructure architecture.
Analytical and numerical studies for integrable and non-integrable fractional discrete modified Korteweg–de Vries hierarchies
Authors: Liu Qin-Ling , Guo Rui , Huang Ya-Hui , Li Xin
Published: January 2025

Under investigation in this paper is the integrable and non-integrable fractional discrete modified Korteweg–de Vries hierarchies. The linear dispersion relations, completeness relations, inverse scattering transform, and fractional soliton solutions of the integrable fractional discrete modified Korteweg–de Vries hierarchy will be explored. The inverse scattering problem will be solved accurately by constructing Gel’fand–Levitan–Marchenko equations and Riemann–Hilbert problem. The peak velocity of fractional soliton solutions will be analyzed. Numerical solutions of the non-integrable fractional averaged discrete modified Korteweg–de Vries equation, which has a simpler form than the integrable one, will be obtained by a split-step Fourier scheme.
Complex D(2, 1; ζ) and spin chain solutions from Chern-Simons theory
Authors: Saidi El Hassan
Published: January 2025

Using properties of OSp(4|2) and PSL(2|2), we investigate the super geometry of the parametric D(2, 1; ζ) labeled by variable ζ belonging to C\{−1,0} and we give applications in the study of integrable superspin chains. This 9|8 dimensional Lie supergroup has three orthogonal isospins in its even part SL(2,C)⊗3 assembled by the tri-fundamental 2⊗3 with odd parity. It undergoes contractions at ζ = −1, 0 where an SL(2,C) gets decompactified into commutative C3 interpreted in terms of three central extensions. By help of the obtained characteristic features of D(2, 1; ζ) and their local structures at the special points ζ = ±1, we calculate the Lax operator Ld(2,1;ζ)(η) solving the RLL equation describing the integrability of the superspin chain d(2, 1; ζ). We also complete missing results regarding the calculation of Lpsl(2|2)(μ) and Losp(4|2)(μ). Other features of the four super Dynkin diagrams SDDd(2,1;ζ)(η) and weight graphs of d(2, 1; ζ) as well as discrete automorphisms are also given.
A convolutional neural network-based model for reconstructing free surface flow fields
Authors: Wang Jiahui , Xiao Hong
Published: January 2025

This paper introduces hydrological computational fluid dynamics model (HydroCFD), a deep learning model based on the convolutional neural network U-Net framework designed for reconstructing free surface flow fields. With well-posed boundary and initial conditions, the model rapidly generates a result that approximates the two-dimensional (2D) shallow water equations, significantly improving the efficiency of obtaining free surface flow fields compared to traditional computational fluid dynamics methods. The framework features an input layer that integrates water depth and terrain (hydrological element variables), and incorporates a new loss function, coefficient of variation loss function (CVLoss), based on the variation coefficient to improve accuracy and stability. HydroCFD is trained and validated on two different datasets, open channel flows with a groin, and with an abrupt expansion. Error analysis demonstrated that HydroCFD achieves high precision in reconstructing 2D free surface flow fields. Furthermore, a comparison of six different loss functions reveals that CVLoss contributes to improved accuracy and computational stability.
Trace Yb doping-induced cationic vacancy clusters enhance thermoelectrics in P-type PbTe
Authors: Zhao Xuanwei , Fu Baoqin , Ang Ran
Published: January 2025

Alloying has been widely used to enhance thermoelectric (TE) performance, but achieving high TE performance remains challenging due to strong coupling between electrical and thermal transport in lead telluride-based materials. In this Letter, trace doping of the rare earth element Yb in a Pb0.95Na0.04Te matrix effectively regulates charge carriers by competing with cation vacancies. This mechanism optimizes carrier concentration and phonon scattering, resulting in a high power factor of ∼27 μW cm−1 K−2 and a low lattice thermal conductivity of ∼0.42 W m−1 K−1 at 823 K in Pb0.94Na0.04Yb0.01Te. First-principles calculations reveal that Yb doping induces local lattice distortions in PbTe, potentially forming pseudo-nanostructures in localized regions. This strategy leads to a peak zT of ∼2.4 at 823 K and an average zT of ∼1.4 from 303 to 823 K in Pb0.94Na0.04Yb0.01Te. Our findings suggest that the competition between dopant cations and cation vacancies reduces thermal conductivity via local lattice distortions while simultaneously improving electrical conductivity at high temperatures. This synergistic control of electrical and thermal transport offers an approach for boosting zT in TE materials.
Reducing one third the dose of porcine follicle-stimulating hormone did not affect the in vivo embryo production in Santa Inês ewes
Authors: Ribeiro A. C. S. , Santos J. D. R. , Guerrero-Gutiérrez M. M. , Cunha C. C. C. , Silva S. R. , Balaro M. F. A. , Batista R. I. T. P. , Souza-Fabjan J. M. G. , Fonseca J. F. , Ungerfeld R. , Brandão F. Z.
Published: January 2025

Context Superovulation is still a main limitation of multiple ovulation and embryo transfer programs because of its high cost and the variability in the responses to the hormonal protocols used. Aims This study aimed to compare the effect of two doses of porcine follicle-stimulating hormone (pFSH) on follicular growth, superovulatory response, and in vivo embryo production of Santa Inês ewes. Methods A total of 40 multiparous ewes received a Day 0 estrus synchronization protocol and were superovulated with either 333 IU (G333, n = 20) or 500 IU (G500, n = 20) of pFSH. Ultrasonographic evaluations of ovaries were performed every 12 h, from the first pFSH dose until 60 h after the last dose. Ewes were naturally mated and submitted to non-surgical embryo recovery. A subsample of viable blastocysts (G333: n = 10; G500: n = 8) was stained with Nile Red to quantify lipid droplets. Key results The number of small, medium, and large follicles, and the size of the largest follicle, varied over time (P < 0.0001), even though there was no difference between the treatments. The pFSH dose also did not affect estrous behavior rate (95% vs 100%), superovulatory response (75% vs 70%), recovery rate (52.4% vs 56.4%), viability rate (73.8% vs 62.3%), recovered structures (5.9 vs 5.3), viable embryos (4.9 vs 3.7), and lipid accumulation in embryos (132.9 vs 129.4 arbitrary fluorescence units), for G333 and G500 respectively. Four ewes (10%) had premature luteal regression. It should be noted that all viable embryos recovered were Grade 1 or 2, that is, freezable embryos. Conclusions In conclusion, 333 IU of pFSH is enough to reach a similar superovulatory response as obtained from 500 IU of pFSH in Santa Inês ewes. Implications The use of lower doses of pFSH could reduce costs per embryo produced.
Discourse on measurement
Authors: Pedersen Arthur Paul , Kellen David , Mayo-Wilson Conor , Davis-Stober Clintin P. , Dunn John C. , Khan M. Ali , Stinchcombe Maxwell B. , Kalish Michael L. , Tentori Katya , Haaf Julia
Published: January 2025

Measurement literacy is required for strong scientific reasoning, effective experimental design, conceptual and empirical validation of measurement quantities, and the intelligible interpretation of error in theory construction. This discourse examines how issues in measurement are posed and resolved and addresses potential misunderstandings. Examples drawn from across the sciences are used to show that measurement literacy promotes the goals of scientific discourse and provides the necessary foundation for carving out perspectives and carrying out interventions in science.
Prey depletion, interspecific competition, and the energetics of hunting in endangered African wild dogs,
Lycaon pictus
Authors: Creel Scott , Redcliffe James , Goodheart Ben , Reyes de Merkle Johnathan , Mwape Henry , Matsushima Stephanie , Dart Chase , Banda Kachama , Mayani Bridget , Njobvu Johane , Kabungo Reuben , Mungolo Michelo , Kabwe Ruth , Kaseketi Emmanuel , Donald Will , Kaluka Adrian , Chifunte Clive , Maimbo Howard , Plankenhorn Luzy , Christianson David , Becker Matthew S. , Wilson Rory P.
Published: January 2025

Large herbivores are in decline in much of the world, including sub-Saharan Africa, and true apex carnivores like the lion (
Panthera leo
) decline in parallel with their prey. As a consequence, competitively subordinate carnivores like the African wild dog (
Lycaon pictus
) are simultaneously experiencing a costly reduction in resources and a beneficial reduction in dominant competitors. The net effect is not intuitively obvious, but wild dogs’ density, survival, and reproduction are all low in areas that are strongly affected by prey depletion. To assess whether these correlations are causal, we tested the hypothesized mechanism, using data from 13 wild dog packs in two ecosystems to relate the energetic costs and benefits of hunting to variation in prey density, while controlling for the effects of local lion density, pack size, the number of dependent pups, and the level of protection. All of these variables affected the energetic costs and benefits of hunting. In areas with low prey density, the magnitude of movements and vectorial dynamic body acceleration (a measure of energy expenditure) both increased, the mass of killed prey decreased, and the number of kills per day did not change detectably. Programs to reduce or reverse the decline of large herbivore populations should be an effective means of improving the status of endangered subordinate competitors like the wild dog, and should be a high priority. Our results demonstrate the utility of research that integrates data from biomonitoring with direct, long-term observation of endangered species, their competitors, and their resources.
Advanced charge control dynamics simulation for the LISA gravitational reference sensor
Authors: Kenyon Samantha Parry , Apple Stephen , Siu John , Wass Peter J , Conklin John W
Published: January 2025

A gravitational wave detector in space, the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will be able to detect gravitational waves in the frequency range of 0.1 mHz–1 Hz, adding to humanity’s knowledge of the dark cosmos. The LISA gravitational reference sensor contains a test mass (TM) and is used to determine the local inertial reference frame and as endpoints for the interferometry. The TM is surrounded by an electrode housing to detect changes in TM position and orientation, which is fed back to the spacecraft thrusters for drag-free control. As seen on LISA Pathfinder, the TM builds up charge over time from the space environment and needs to be discharged in order to keep the resulting force noise as low as possible. The operation of intelligently discharging the TM is known as charge control, and is one area of improvement to be explored for LISA. To explore new methods of TM discharge, UV LEDs will be pulsed synchronized with an existing 100 kHz high frequency electric field to facilitate photoelectron current direction and to achieve lower UV light powers by duty cycling. This paper addresses new pulsed methods for the LISA Charge Management System, which require in-depth modeling, analysis, and testing because space environment validation will not be possible prior to LISA launch. Therefore, it is necessary to model the dynamics of charge movement to determine the force noise contribution of pulsed continuous charge control. The charge dynamics model is described, and simulation results featured for charge control efficacy in a deep space radiation environment. Experimental testing of the simulation results could be done in the University of Florida Torsion Pendulum, a key technology to testing GRS performance in a space-like environment.
Toroidal current eigenmodes in the vacuum vessel of an elliptical cross-section tokamak
Authors: Chukashev N V
Published: January 2025

The currents induced in a tokamak resistive wall during fast transients play a significant role in plasma dynamics, which makes their modelling a mandatory part of the equilibrium problem. In numerical models with axisymmetric walls, the wall is usually divided into a vast number of filaments (sometimes several hundred), in each of which the corresponding circuit equation is solved. It is clear that such a treatment is not suitable for analytical calculations. At the same time, it was established (Portone 2005 Nucl. Fusion
45 926) that only three periodic functions of the poloidal angle, or so-called vessel modes, are sufficient to accurately describe the ITER vacuum vessel response to plasma vertical motion. In our paper, we address the problem of eddy current eigenmode derivation analytically, beginning from Maxwell’s equations complemented with Ohm’s law for a resistive wall. The result is an explicit form of eddy current eigenmodes in a toroidal shell with an elliptical cross section and their resistive decay times as functions of the wall elongation.
Studying critical parameters of superconductor via diamond quantum sensors
Authors: On Ho Kin , Kuen Leung Wai , Yung Pang Yiu , Yau Yip King , Xie Jianyu , Man Liu Yi , Sofia Rotelli Aliki , Yin Leung Man , Yin Chow Ho , To Lai Kwing , Denisenko Andrej , Keimer B , Wrachtrup Jörg , Yang Sen
Published: January 2025

Critical parameters are the key to superconductivity research, and reliable instrumentations can facilitate the study. Traditionally, one has to use several different measurement techniques to measure critical parameters separately. In this work, we develop the use of a single species of quantum sensor to determine and estimate several critical parameters with the help of independent simulation data. We utilize the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in the diamond, which recently emerged as a promising candidate for probing exotic features in condensed matter physics. The non-invasive and highly stable nature provides extraordinary opportunities to solve scientific problems in various systems. Using a high-quality single-crystalline YBa2Cu4O8 (YBCO) as a platform, we demonstrate the use of diamond particles and a bulk diamond to probe the Meissner effect. The evolution of the vector magnetic field, the H − T phase diagram, and the map of fluorescence contour are studied via NV sensing. Our results reveal different critical parameters, including lower critical field

H

c
1

, upper critical field

H

c
2

, and critical current density j

c
, as well as verifying the unconventional nature of this high-temperature superconductor YBCO. Therefore, NV-based quantum sensing techniques have huge potential in condensed matter research.
Detection of frequency signal induced by quantum vacuum with optical frequency comb
Authors: chen guanyue , Shen Xiaofei , Wang Jing , Jin Shan , Zhang Yi , Zhu Shaoping , He Xiantu , Lei Bifeng , Qiao Bin
Published: January 2025

The properties of the non-trivial quantum state in an all-optical environment come mainly from the higher-order Quantum electrodynamics (QED) effect, which remains one of the few unverified predictions of this theory due to its weak signal. Here, we propose a scheme specifically designed to detect this quantum vacuum, where a tightly focused pump laser interacts with an optical frequency comb (OFC) in its resonant cavity. When the OFC pulse passes through the vacuum polarized by the high-intensity pump laser, its carrier frequency and envelope change. This can be intuitively understood as the asymmetric photon acceleration induced by the ponderomotive force of the pump laser. By leveraging the exceptional ultrahigh frequency and temporal resolution of the OFC, this scheme holds the potential to improve the accuracy of quantum vacuum signal. Combining theoretical and simulation results, we discuss possible experimental conditions, and the detectable OFC signal is shown to be orders of magnitude better than the instrumental detection threshold. This shows our scheme can be verified on the forthcoming laser systems.
Swapping dynamics of composite knots in a stretched polymer under Nanochannel
Authors: Liu Yanhui , Li Yong , Deng Zhouhui , Feng Yuyu , Liu Zuoshan , Tan Rongri
Published: January 2025

In this work, Langevin dynamics simulations were carried out to thoroughly investigate the swapping process of composite knots under tension conditions in a cuboid nanochannel. From our analysis, the free energy profiles of knot swapping under different conditions were extracted from the overall probability distribution of the relative distance between the centers of composite knots. In addition,the impact of the reduced force, confinement size, and bending stiffness on the free energy profiles was directly identified. Especially, the influence of topology structure is for the first time reported. The increasing reduced force in a fixed confinement or the confinement size under a constant reduced force does not alter their respective equilibrium populations at the separate state and the entangledstate. In contrast, a bending stiffness larger than 15 enhanced the formation of the entangled state. The topology structure of the 51 knot, which was different from the 52 knot, resulted in forming a metastable state in the free energy profiles. The increasing reduced forces yielded an enhancement of the following free energy barrier.