bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The moderating role of employee proactive behaviour in the relationship between servant leadership and job satisfaction
Authors: Gil Alfonso J. , Bittencourt Gonzalez Mosegui Gabriela , Zenezi Moreira Rosana , Eguizabal Mauro J.
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to analyse the relationship between servant leadership and job satisfaction and the moderating effect of employees’ proactive behaviour on this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

Survey data were gathered from 256 employees (131 from Brazil and 125 from Spain). Structural equation modelling was used to test the research model.

Findings

The results of this study indicate that servant leadership is positively related to job satisfaction, with employees’ proactive behaviour negatively moderating the relationship between servant leadership and job satisfaction.

Originality/value

This study relates leadership and employee behaviour and advances our understanding of the conditions that affect the influence of servant leadership on followers. In addition, the country culture variable is found to be statistically significant. This result opens the way to deeper research into the effect of country culture on the behaviour of employees related to leadership.
Government-business relations and strategic patenting: evidence from China's patent boom
Authors: Zhu Ruoyan , Li Yin , Tang Li
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The purpose of the study is to propose a new perspective to explain how China's rapid growth in patenting is partially driven by corporate strategic patenting to influence local governments. The authors highlight the role of strategic patenting and local government-business relations in creating the gap between the patent boom and underlying technological progress in China.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors investigate the relationship between local government-business relations and corporate strategic patenting behaviors, measured as a higher ratio of patent filings to patent awards, by collecting data from three successive NADS surveys of government-business relations in 292 Chinese municipalities, paired with detailed patenting and subsidy data of 3,756 publicly listed corporations obtained through text mining.

Findings

The authors find that, while R&D investment and patent subsidies do drive corporate patenting, firms in jurisdictions with lower-quality government-business relations are more likely to engage in strategic patenting. Moreover, the negative impact of government-business relations on strategic patenting is moderated by political connections, as the strategic patenting of firms without political connections is more sensitive to government-business relations. The authors further show that firms obtain significant benefits from patenting in the form of additional subsidies from local innovation and industrial policies in the years following.

Social implications

Rolling back patent subsidies will reduce strategic patenting to a limited extent. The local governments in emerging markets need to increase the capacity to implement industrial policy and provide market-based opportunities for firms to access innovation inputs.

Originality/value

The authors provide an updated and fresh perspective to understand the phenomenon of China's patent boom by showing that patenting can be driven by corporate strategies to adapt to local institutions and influence government policy. The authors extend the analysis of strategic patenting to emerging markets.
Esports and Olympic Games: a cross-cultural exploration of the player support behaviour towards the Olympics
Authors: Ribeiro Tiago , Almeida Victor , Calapez André , Matsuoka Hirotaka , Yamashita Rei
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Despite the advances in theory and practice about player behaviour in esports gaming literature, there is a lack of understanding as to whether esports are compatible with the values of Olympism and if they should be considered for future Games editions. The current study advances this line of research by examining esports player experiences, their effects on perceiving Olympic values, and the support towards the Olympics in order to verify if differences occur according to the cross-cultural environment.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a sample of 671 esports amateur gamers from three countries (Portugal, Brazil and Japan), structural equation models and a multigroup analysis were performed to analyse the differences in the hypothesized paths existing between the groups.

Findings

Results reveal that player in-game emotional experiences positively influence Olympic values perception across countries. The excellence and friendship values showed a positive effect on support intentions to the Games towards Portuguese and Brazilian players, while the respect value was the strongest predictor towards behavioural intentions in Japan. Cultural backgrounds and game genre in each country can explain player attitude towards the Olympic values shared on the online environment.

Originality/value

This study is able to provide a better understanding of how the Olympic values serve as a gratification in different cross-cultural environments according to the theory of uses and gratifications (U&G) and the theory of cultural dimensions. Complementarily, these findings can be used as valuable information for esports publishers and developers attempting to spread the Olympic values in the esports industry.
Does CSR committee drive the association between corporate social responsibility and firm performance? International evidence
Authors: Khan Aamir , Afeef Mustafa , Ilyas Muhammad , Jan Shahid
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Relying on the stakeholder view, this study investigates the role of CSR committee in moderating the association between CSR and firm performance (FP). Further, the authors examine whether country-specific governance and institutional factors drive the effect of CSR committee on the CSR-FP association.

Design/methodology/approach

The study's sample includes 4405 firms from 39 countries over the period 2002–2020. For analysis, ordinary least squares (OLS) regression with year and firm fixed effects is employed as the primary econometric model. Two-step generalized method of movement (GMM) is employed to address the endogeneity issues.

Findings

This study provides international evidence that the existence of a CSR committee enhances CSR's contribution to FP. Moreover, the benefits of CSR committees in terms of enhancing the positive impact of CSR on FP are significantly greater in strong governance countries and in environmentally less sensitive industries. The findings are further checked through endogeneity and robustness tests and remain unchanged.

Practical implications

CSR committee is a key governance mechanism that assists firms in generating value from their CSR activities. It strengthens a firm's relations with the stakeholders via an effective CSR channel, which translates into improved FP and long-term value.

Originality/value

The study is the first attempt to investigate the role of CSR committee, as a corporate governance mechanism, in explaining the relationship between CSR and FP in the international context. Further, the study also found that the role of CSR committee in enhancing CSR's outcomes largely depends on country-specific governance factors and the nature of industries.
Motive, mindset and opportunity: exploring leader ambidexterity factors in health-care
Authors: Kuntz Joana , Wong Jennifer Hoi Ki , Budge Susan
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Ambidexterity increases an organisation’s capability to successfully navigate dynamic and uncertain environments. While leaders are expected to model flexible learning and practices throughout the organisation, little is known about the leader characteristics and contextual factors that underpin ambidexterity. This study aims to explore whether paradoxical thinking, integrator behaviours and managerial role and level influence the likelihood of leaders exhibiting ambidexterity.

Design/methodology/approach

This study relied on a self-report questionnaire completed by 152 managers of a large, public health-care organisation in New Zealand. A k-means cluster analysis of the data was conducted to identify leader ambidexterity clusters, and the hypothesised effects were tested with multinomial logistic regressions.

Findings

Health-care managers favoured exploitation and moderate ambidexterity. Higher levels of integrator behaviours (i.e. reflective learning and context responsiveness) were found among leaders who showed high ambidexterity. Context responsiveness was the sole significant predictor distinguishing between high ambidexterity and other ambidexterity profiles. No statistically significant differences in ambidexterity cluster membership were found between clinical and non-clinical roles and across managerial levels.

Research limitations/implications

While our study relied on a cross-sectional self-reported design, the findings underscore the importance of learning behaviours and context responsiveness to ambidexterity. This study discusses avenues for future research and leadership development towards improved organisational learning systems and practices.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first to test the contribution of paradoxical thinking and integrator behaviours to health-care leader ambidexterity and to examine differences in ambidexterity profiles across managerial levels and roles. The factor analysis suggests that integrator behaviours represent two distinct constructs: reflective le`arning and context responsiveness.
The impact of the COVID‐19 lockdowns on wildlife–vehicle collisions in the UK
Authors: Raymond Sarah , Spencer Matthew , Chadwick Elizabeth A. , Madden Joah R. , Perkins Sarah E.
Published: April 2023

Wildlife–vehicle collisions (WVCs) cause millions of vertebrate mortalities globally, threatening population viability and influencing wildlife behaviour and survival. Traffic volume and speed can influence wildlife mortality on roads, but roadkill risk is species specific and depends on ecological traits.

The COVID‐19 pandemic, and associated UK‐wide lockdowns, offered a unique opportunity to investigate how reducing traffic volume alters WVC. These periods of reduced human mobility have been coined the ‘anthropause’.

We used the anthropause to identify which ecological traits may render species vulnerable to WVC. We did this by comparing the relative change in WVC of species with differing traits before and during the anthropause.

We used Generalised Additive Model predictions to assess which of the 19 species most frequently observed as WVC in the UK exhibited changes in road mortality during two lockdown periods, March–May 2020 and December 2020–March 2021, relative to the same time periods in previous years (2014–2019). Compositional data analysis was used to identify ecological traits associated with changes in the relative number of observations during lockdown periods compared to previous years.

WVC were, across all species, 80% lower during the anthropause than predicted. Compositional data analysis revealed proportionally fewer reports of nocturnal mammals, urban visitors, mammals with greater brain mass and birds with a longer flight initiation distance. Species that have several of these traits, and correspondingly significantly lower than predicted WVC during lockdowns, included badgers Meles meles, foxes Vulpes vulpes, and pheasants, Phasianus colchicus; we posit they stand to benefit most from reduced traffic, and, of the species studied here, have highest mortality under ‘normal’ traffic levels.

This study identifies traits and species that may have experienced a temporary reprieve during the anthropause, and highlights the impacts of traffic‐induced mortality on species numbers and ultimately on trait frequency in a road‐dominated landscape. By taking advantage of reductions in traffic offered by the anthropause, we can understand how vehicles influence wildlife survival and behaviour and may be exerting a selective force for certain species and traits.
Suppression of clonal reproduction in bulbous perennial herb Barnardia japonica sterilized by flower‐smut fungi
Authors: Kagaya Mitsuko , Tani Takashi , Kachi Naoki
Published: April 2023

Flower‐smut fungal infection has been widely observed in many plant species. As plants infected with flower‐smut fungi exhibit visible changes in floral morphology and flower sterility, researchers have intensively studied the effects of the disease on sexual reproduction in host plants. Although most host plants are clonal perennials, the effects of flower‐smut disease on clonal reproduction remain unclear. Here, we investigated the detrimental effects of flower‐smut disease on clonal reproduction of a perennial host plant, Barnardia japonica. Barnardia japonica is a bulbous perennial and host of the flower‐smut fungus Antherospora vaillantii. Diseased and healthy bulbs collected from fields at the end of the growing season were individually grown in pots for 1 year in a greenhouse, and their annual growth was analyzed, including offspring production. Survival, flowering probability, and the total bulb mass (i.e., the sum of a parent and its living offspring masses) at the end of the 1‐year growth period and annual growth of the total bulb mass were comparable between diseased and healthy plants. We found a marked difference between diseased and healthy plants in the probability of clonal reproduction, which was 50% lower in diseased plants. Additionally, the number and mass of living offspring bulbs per parent were lower in diseased plants than in healthy plants. Our results indicate the detrimental effects of flower‐smut disease on clonal reproduction in B. japonica, providing new insights into the effects of flower‐smut disease on the reproduction of perennial host plants.
Dupilumab improves long‐term outcomes in patients with uncontrolled, moderate‐to‐severe GINA‐based type 2 asthma, irrespective of allergic status
Authors: Rabe Klaus F. , Pavord Ian D. , Busse William W. , Chupp Geoffrey L. , Izuhara Kenji , Altincatal Arman , Gall Rebecca , Pandit‐Abid Nami , Deniz Yamo , Rowe Paul J. , Jacob‐Nara Juby A. , Radwan Amr
Published: April 2023

Background

Previous research has shown greater efficacy of dupilumab in patients with uncontrolled asthma and type 2 inflammation. We analyzed dupilumab's efficacy in patients from the TRAVERSE study with or without evidence of allergic asthma and type 2 inflammation per current GINA guidelines (≥150  eosinophils/μL or FeNO ≥20 ppb).

Methods

All patients aged ≥12 years who rolled over from the placebo‐controlled QUEST study (NCT02414854) to TRAVERSE (NCT02134028) received add‐on dupilumab 300 mg every 2 weeks for up to 96 weeks. We assessed annualized severe asthma exacerbation rates (AERs) and changes from parent‐study baseline (PSBL) in pre‐bronchodilator FEV1 and 5‐item asthma control questionnaire (ACQ‐5) score in patients with moderate‐to‐severe type 2 asthma with and without evidence of allergic asthma at PSBL.

Results

In TRAVERSE, dupilumab consistently reduced AER across all subgroups. By Week 96, dupilumab increased pre‐bronchodilator FEV1 from PSBL by 0.35–0.41 L in patients receiving placebo during QUEST (placebo/dupilumab) and 0.34–0.44 L in those receiving dupilumab during QUEST (dupilumab/dupilumab) with an allergic phenotype at baseline. In patients without evidence of allergic asthma, pre‐bronchodilator FEV1 improved by 0.38–0.41 L and 0.33–0.37 L, respectively. By Week 48, ACQ‐5 scores decreased from PSBL by 1.63–1.69 (placebo/dupilumab) and 1.74–1.81 (dupilumab/dupilumab) points across subgroups with allergic asthma, and 1.75–1.83 (placebo/dupilumab) and 1.78–1.86 (dupilumab/dupilumab) in those without.

Conclusions

Long‐term treatment with dupilumab reduced exacerbation rates and improved lung function and asthma control in patients with asthma with type 2 inflammation as per current GINA guidance and irrespective of evidence of allergic asthma.
A commentary on Lim and Teo's (2022) review of cyberloafing: Further discussion on its concept and potential impact
Authors: Zoghbi‐Manrique‐de‐Lara Pablo
Published: April 2023

Over the last two decades, an increasingly complex work context of personal and work activities has blurred the foundations on which the concept of cyberloafing was traditionally based. It is no coincidence that Lim and Teo's recent review on cyberloafing refines the original construct defined by Lim and proposes new directions for determining its impact. The present commentary aims to offer additional discussion on these two aspects. First, the author aims to examine the conceptual architecture of cyberloafing by considering alternative perspectives. In contrast to conceptualizing cyberloafing traditionally by determining its boundaries such as engagement in online activities during working time and for personal purposes, the author also directly focuses on engagement in offline activities, which determines the behavioral features that are within its boundaries. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of combining these online and offline perspectives to provide a detailed assessment of the online and offline impacts of cyberloafing.
Examining discrimination in asynchronous video interviews: Does cultural distance based on country‐of‐origin matter?
Authors: Arseneault René , Roulin Nicolas
Published: April 2023

We conducted two studies to investigate how cultural differences based on country of origin influence the selection process in an asynchronous video interview (AVI) context. We drew upon the GLOBE cultural value dimensions and individual measures of prejudice to examine if raters evaluate job applicants who are more culturally dissimilar to them more negatively than culturally similar applicants. Professionals with hiring experience from the United Kingdom were recruited via the Prolific platform and asked to watch and evaluate pre‐recorded video responses from five culturally diverse applicants. Results across both studies were only somewhat consistent with the GLOBE framework. For instance, raters did demonstrate a strong preference for Canadian and South African interviewees over other countries. Right‐wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation were non‐significant in moderating how evaluations were assigned; however, ethnocentrism levels did modestly impact evaluations in Study 2. This research is the first to investigate how cultural factors can impact the selection process in an AVI context. As the number of organizations that rely on virtual interviews increases and globalization makes it likely for applicants and interviewers to be from different cultural backgrounds, our research is highly relevant in understanding the impact of these elements on hiring decisions.
The effect of emotional support on postpartum depression among postpartum mothers in Asia: A systematic review
Authors: Low Su Rou , Bono Suzanna Awang , Azmi Zaireeni
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a chronic mood illness that typically develops in the first few months after giving birth. It affects 17.2% of women worldwide, and its deleterious consequences on infants, children, and mothers have elicited global public concern. Therefore, this paper aims to present an overview of the relationship between emotional support and PPD among postpartum mothers in the Asia region.

Methods

An extensive search using various keywords was conducted in Science Direct, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, JSTOR, Springer Link, and Taylor Francis. The screening process was compliant with the PRISMA guideline, while the quality of the selected studies was assessed using the QuADS tool.

Results

The analysis included 15 research from 12 different countries with 6031 postpartum mothers. A decreased risk of PPD for postpartum mothers is shown to be significantly correlated with greater emotional support, and vice versa.

Discussion

Asian women are less likely to seek emotional assistance than other mothers, which is influenced by culture. There needs to be more research on the impact of culture on postpartum mothers' emotional support. Additionally, this review hopes to raise awareness among the mothers' friends and family as well as the medical community to be more attentive to postpartum mothers' emotional needs and offer specialized assistance.
Hypotheses in urban ecology: building a common knowledge base
Authors: Lokatis Sophie , Jeschke Jonathan M. , Bernard‐Verdier Maud , Buchholz Sascha , Grossart Hans‐Peter , Havemann Frank , Hölker Franz , Itescu Yuval , Kowarik Ingo , Kramer‐Schadt Stephanie , Mietchen Daniel , Musseau Camille L. , Planillo Aimara , Schittko Conrad , Straka Tanja M. , Heger Tina
Published: April 2023

Urban ecology is a rapidly growing research field that has to keep pace with the pressing need to tackle the sustainability crisis. As an inherently multi‐disciplinary field with close ties to practitioners and administrators, research synthesis and knowledge transfer between those different stakeholders is crucial. Knowledge maps can enhance knowledge transfer and provide orientation to researchers as well as practitioners. A promising option for developing such knowledge maps is to create hypothesis networks, which structure existing hypotheses and aggregate them according to topics and research aims. Combining expert knowledge with information from the literature, we here identify 62 research hypotheses used in urban ecology and link them in such a network. Our network clusters hypotheses into four distinct themes: (i) Urban species traits & evolution, (ii) Urban biotic communities, (iii) Urban habitats and (iv) Urban ecosystems. We discuss the potentials and limitations of this approach. All information is openly provided as part of an extendable Wikidata project, and we invite researchers, practitioners and others interested in urban ecology to contribute additional hypotheses, as well as comment and add to the existing ones. The hypothesis network and Wikidata project form a first step towards a knowledge base for urban ecology, which can be expanded and curated to benefit both practitioners and researchers.
Exploring strategies for re‐engaging children and young people in learning while living in out‐of‐home care in the Northern Territory, Australia
Authors: Roche Steven , Dunk‐West Priscilla , Otarra Carmela , Taylor Robert , Moss Michelle
Published: April 2023

The education of children living in out‐of‐home care (OOHC) has been a long‐standing concern for children and their carers, policy‐makers and researchers who have long highlighted the issue of low educational attainment and disengagement among children in care. This study investigates the strategies and practices used within a pilot programme based in the Northern Territory, Australia, that aims to re‐engage children living in OOHC with education and training. Drawing on qualitative interviews with programme stakeholders, including educators, carers, child and family welfare workers, as well as an analysis of programme and client documentation, this study explores the programme's strategies to achieve re‐engagement. The findings highlight the role of agile child‐centred practice responding to the learning needs of participants, a focus on the ‘educational futures’ of students, as well as liaison and advocacy with schools and stakeholders on behalf of children in supporting re‐engagement in education settings. Barriers to successful re‐engagement include limited consideration of the cultural needs of children across education and OOHC systems, in particular the disruptive impact of OOHC placement changes, as well as programme discontinuity.
Adversarial Interactive Cartoon Sketch Colourization with Texture Constraint and Auxiliary Auto‐Encoder
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Zhu Shaoqiang , Zeng Yao , Zhang Junsong
Published: April 2023

Colouring cartoon sketches can help children develop their intellect and inspire their artistic creativity. Unlike photo colourization or anime line art colourization, cartoon sketch colourization is challenging due to the scarcity of texture information and the irregularity of the line structure, which is mainly reflected in the phenomenon of colour‐bleeding artifacts in generated images. We propose a colourization approach for cartoon sketches, which takes both sketches and colour hints as inputs to produce impressive images. To solve the problem of colour‐bleeding artifacts, we propose a multi‐discriminator colourization framework that introduces a texture discriminator in the conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN). Then we combined this framework with a pre‐trained auxiliary auto‐encoder, where an auxiliary feature loss is designed to further improve colour quality, and a condition input is introduced to increase the generalization ability over hand‐drawn sketches. We present both quantitative and qualitative evaluations, which prove the effectiveness of our proposed method. We test our method on sketches of varying complexity and structure, then build an interactive programme based on our model for user study. Experimental results demonstrate that the method generates natural and consistent colour images in real time from sketches drawn by non‐professionals.
Child‐safeorganizations and the ethics of empowered inclusion
Authors: Graham Anne , Canosa Antonia , Wall John , Thomas Patrick
Published: April 2023

The emergence of the ‘child‐safe’ organization requires close attention to practices that contribute to children's wellbeing and safety. Based on data collected in schools, residential care and disability services, this article argues for a more nuanced understanding of the ethical frameworks informing practice in these settings. Findings suggest both young people and adults predominantly describe ethical practice in terms of intersubjective relations. This ethical relationality is understood, less in terms of vertical responsibilities of care (largely the domain of adults and shaped by institutional norms), and more in terms of vertical and horizontal (interpersonal) relations, giving way to more empowered inclusion.
The importance of political selection for bureaucratic effectiveness
Authors: Habyarimana James , Khemani Stuti , Scot Thiago
Published: April 2023

Bureaucratic effectiveness has come to the fore in research as necessary for economic growth and development. This paper contributes empirical evidence to understand the building blocks of bureaucracy by gathering rich survey data in a typical institutional environment of the developing world. The data reveal a robust correlation between the selection of local politicians and bureaucratic effectiveness. In districts in Uganda where locally elected politicians have higher survey‐based measures of integrity (or honesty), the bureaucracy is more effective in delivering public heath services. This evidence supports current research, and encourages future research on how the selection of political agents into government is an important determinant of bureaucratic effectiveness.
Effect of lipoxin A4 on the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells under lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammatory conditions
Authors: Ma Rui , Wang Menglin , Shi Peilei , Xie Xudong , Duan Dingyu , Meng Shu , Yuan Quan , Wu Yafei , Wang Jun
Published: April 2023

Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) has been identified as the braking signal of inflammation, but the specific role of LXA4 in regulating the regenerative potential of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether and, if so, how LXA4 improves the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammatory environment. We detected the effects of LXA4 on the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs in vitro and explored the bone regenerative potential of LXA4‐treated inflammatory PDLSCs in vivo using a calvarial critical sized defect model in male rats. RNA sequencing, real‐time PCR and western blot were performed to elucidate the relevant potential mechanisms. Results showed that LXA4 promoted the proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs in vitro, and effectively improved the impaired osteogenic capacity of PDLSCs induced by LPS both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, LXA4 significantly promoted the PI3K/AKT phosphorylation under inflammatory conditions. Additionally, LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) blocked the effect of LXA4, suggesting that the PI3K/AKT pathway is a key signaling pathway that mediates the effect of LXA4 on the osteogenesis of inflammatory PDLSCs. These findings indicate LXA4 may be a promising strategy for periodontal regeneration using inflammatory PDLSCs.
Predicting posttraumatic epilepsy using admission electroencephalography after severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Pease Matthew , Elmer Jonathan , Shahabadi Ameneh Zare , Mallela Arka N. , Ruiz‐Rodriguez Juan F. , Sexton Daniel , Barot Niravkumar , Gonzalez‐Martinez Jorge A. , Shutter Lori , Okonkwo David O. , Castellano James F.
Published: April 2023

Objective

Posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) develops in as many as one third of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, often years after injury. Analysis of early electroencephalographic (EEG) features, by both standardized visual interpretation (viEEG) and quantitative EEG (qEEG) analysis, may aid early identification of patients at high risk for PTE.

Methods

We performed a case–control study using a prospective database of severe TBI patients treated at a single center from 2011 to 2018. We identified patients who survived 2 years postinjury and matched patients with PTE to those without using age and admission Glasgow Coma Scale score. A neuropsychologist recorded outcomes at 1 year using the Expanded Glasgow Outcomes Scale (GOSE). All patients underwent continuous EEG for 3–5 days. A board‐certified epileptologist, blinded to outcomes, described viEEG features using standardized descriptions. We extracted 14 qEEG features from an early 5‐min epoch, described them using qualitative statistics, then developed two multivariable models to predict long‐term risk of PTE (random forest and logistic regression).

Results

We identified 27 patients with and 35 without PTE. GOSE scores were similar at 1 year (p = .93). The median time to onset of PTE was 7.2 months posttrauma (interquartile range = 2.2–22.2 months). None of the viEEG features was different between the groups. On qEEG, the PTE cohort had higher spectral power in the delta frequencies, more power variance in the delta and theta frequencies, and higher peak envelope (allp < .01). Using random forest, combining qEEG and clinical features produced an area under the curve of .76. Using logistic regression, increases in the delta:theta power ratio (odds ratio [OR] = 1.3,p < .01) and peak envelope (OR = 1.1,p < .01) predicted risk for PTE.

Significance

In a cohort of severe TBI patients, acute phase EEG features may predict PTE. Predictive models, as applied to this study, may help identify patients at high risk for PTE, assist early clinical management, and guide patient selection for clinical trials.
Application of Miller yield criterion to develop a unified fatigue law of asphalt mixture for different loading modes
Authors: Yuan Jiang , Lv Songtao , Cheng Huailei , Peng Xinghai
Published: April 2023

Fatigue performance of asphalt mixture has been tested through different types of loading modes, including the uniaxial tension (UT), uniaxial compression (UC), and indirect tension (IDT) modes. However, fatigue test results from different modes are found to be dissimilar. This research aimed to develop a unique fatigue law suitable for different loading modes, using the Miller yield criterion. First, the strength and fatigue behaviors of asphalt mixture under UT, UC, and IDT modes were compared and discussed. Then, the strength yield surfaces and stress paths were obtained by the Miller yield criterion. Finally, a new stress ratio indicator was proposed to generate a unified fatigue law of asphalt mixtures that are suitable for different loading modes. The findings in this research are expected to provide references for deriving the fundamental fatigue damage law for the asphalt mixture based on the strength yield criterion.
Validation of the applicability of the mealtime observation checklist in predicting the risk of aspiration pneumonia in older adults receiving oral intake support: A retrospective cohort study of four long‐term care facilities
Authors: Nishioka Eri , Iwata Mayumi , Kumai Noriko , Matsumoto Yoshinari , Momoki Chika , Yasui Yoko , Habu Daiki
Published: April 2023

Aim

In Japan, a 24‐item mealtime observation checklist (MOCL) was developed in 2015 to support oral intake and prevent aspiration in older adults. The MOCL consists of signs/symptoms/conditions that reflect eating and swallowing functions and oral conditions. This study aimed to examine the association between each MOCL item and the onset of aspiration pneumonia (AP).

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included 199 older adults with difficulties in oral intake residing in four long‐term care facilities. The association between the time to the onset of AP (6 months follow‐up) and each MOCL item was examined using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

The median (25th, 75th percentiles) age of the participants was 87 (82, 91.5) years; 131 (65.8%) were women; and 24 developed AP during the study period. After adjusting for the characteristics of participants, six items were significantly associated with the onset of AP: “Has difficulty maintaining a sitting position” (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.37–7.88), “Sleep while eating” (HR = 3.45, 95% CI: 1.12–10.59), “Has difficulty starting to eat, frequently interrupts eating even after starting to eat, and has difficulty concentrating on eating” (HR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.10–5.72), “Has fatigue because additional time is needed to eat” (HR = 3.08, 95% CI: 1.32–7.20), “Dry mouth” (HR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.21–6.67), and “Assisted feeding is required” (HR = 2.90, 95% CI: 1.21–6.93).

Conclusions

Of the 24 items on the MOCL, we found six items that might contribute to screening older adults at a high risk of AP onset. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 376–382.
Chemical composition, lipid peroxidation and in vitro ruminal fermentation of crown vetch (Coronilla varia L.) herbage and silage
Authors: Kara Kanber
Published: April 2023

Crown vetch (Coronilla varia L.) is a widely spread legume species that can be used as a forage crop for herbivores. The crown vetch herbage was ensiled with 0, 4, or 8% of crushed barley grain on a wet basis. The crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber in organic matter (NDFom) contents of crown vetch herbage were higher than those of crown vetch silages (p < .05). The malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations of herbage and silages with barley grain were lower than that of silage without barley grain (p < .05). The linoleic acid (C18:2) percentage of total fatty acids in forage decreased with the ensiling process (p < .05). The addition of crushed barley grain in the ensiling process of crown vetch herbage preserved the α‐linolenic acid (C18:3) percentage of total fatty acids (p < .05). The crushed barley grain positively affected dry matter (DM) and ammonia‐nitrogen levels, acidity value (pH and lactic, acetic and propionic acids) and in vitro ruminal fermentation values (cumulative gas production, metabolic energy [ME], net energy lactation [NEL] and organic matter digestion [OMd]) of crown vetch silage (p < .05). The concentration of volatile fatty acids (acetic, butyric, propionic, iso‐valeric and iso‐butyric acids) in the in vitro ruminal fermentation fluid was similar in herbage and silages of crown vetch (p > .05). Consequently, crushed barley grain (especially 4% rate) in the ensiling process of crown vetch increased hemicellulose, easily digestible carbohydrates, linoleic acid, α‐linolenic acid in silage and in vitro ruminal digestion parameters, positively affected silage acidity and decreased lipid peroxidation.
Masstige consumption, brand happiness, and brand advocacy: A service perspective
Authors: Purohit Sonal , Arora Vibha , Radia Karan Nilesh
Published: April 2023

Despite the call in literature, the masstige brands in the service industry remain unexplored exposing an important literature gap. This study employed the masstige theory to explore and conceptualize luxury service brands. An initial pre‐test study was used to identify the masstige brands in the service category. Study 2 comprised a quantitative survey on 358 identified masstige brand users for two purposes: (i) To determine the masstige mean scores of the specified brands. (ii) To examine the association between masstige consumption, brand happiness, and brand advocacy for masstige brands in the tourism and airline category. It was found that service masstige brand consumption does influence brand happiness, which further affects consumers' brand advocacy. Further, the masstige consumption and brand happiness relation was moderated by internal motivations but not external motivations. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Surgical margin mapping for lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma: traditional technique (visual inspection with dermoscopy) versus combined paper tape and reflectance confocal microscopy technique
Authors: Cabrioli Camilla , Maione Vincenzo , Arisi Mariachiara , Perantoni Martina , Guasco Pisani Edoardo , Venturini Marina , Calzavara‐Pinton Piergiacomo , Licata Gaetano
Published: April 2023

Background

The detection of subclinical margin in lentigo maligna/lentigo maligna melanoma (LM/LMM) can be challenging for the dermatologist. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) enables to observe in vivo atypical melanocytes beyond the clinical margins. The aim of this study is to establish which of these methods (clinical examination and dermoscopy versus “Paper tape – RCM”) is more precise to define the lesion margin and to reduce the number of re‐intervention and overtreatments in cosmetically sensitive areas.

Methods

Fifty‐seven cases of LM/LMM were analyzed during 2016–2022. Pre‐surgical mapping procedures in 32 lesions were effectuated with dermatoscopy. Furthermore, pre‐surgical mapping procedures in 25 lesions were effectuated with RCM and paper tape.

Results

RCM method's accuracy to detect subclinical margins was 92.0%. In 24 of 25 cases, the lesions were excised completely during the first intervention. In 20 of 32 cases analyzed with dermoscopy, a second surgical intervention was effectuated.

Conclusion

The RCM paper method allows us to delineate subclinical margin more accurately and reduce overtreatment, especially in sensitive areas, such as the face and neck.
Impact of elicitation and drying methods on biological activities of lovage essential oil
Authors: Złotek Urszula , Jakubczyk Anna , Rybczyńska‐Tkaczyk Kamila
Published: April 2023

The quality of essential oils (EOs) was dependent on the optimised methods of drying. The highest yield of EOs was noted in plants elicited with 0.1% yeast extract (YE) and dried with the traditional method (1.4 mL 100 g dw−1); it was over twice as high as the yield of the control sample (0.58 mL 100 g dw−1). (Z)‐ligustilide, α‐terpinyl acetate and β‐phellandrene were the main compounds identified in the samples. The most effective antioxidant activity was exhibited by the sample obtained from plants elicited with 0.1% YE and subjected to freeze‐drying. The highest RP and LPO inhibition were determined in samples obtained from plants subjected to jasmonic acid (JA) elicitation and freeze‐drying (1.85 and 1.02 μL mL−1 respectively). The use of 0.1% JA and microwave‐drying was the most effective for inhibition of LOXI activity. The highest acetylcholinesterase inhibition was noted in the freeze‐dried sample obtained from plants elicited with YE (86.39 kIU mL−1). The samples exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes BBA‐2660.
Government subsidy and firm's cost sharing in sustainable agriculture supply chain
Authors: He Yong , Yu Yanan , Guo Xiaotong , Li Dong
Published: April 2023

This paper studies an agriculture supply chain consisting of a government, a leading firm and a group of farmers. The government encourages farmers to make sustainable technologies' input by providing cost share or flat payment. The firm procures products from multiple farmers and shares a portion of input costs. The optimal sustainable technologies' input, wholesale price and government subsidy are determined, and the impacts of different parameters on the decisions with the endogenous or exogenous subsidy are analysed. The results show that when competition intensifies to a certain threshold, farmers will not invest in sustainable technologies. When the subsidy is endogenous, the firm will obtain less profit if he shares more costs because the optimal subsidy decreases with the cost‐sharing proportion. When the subsidy is exogenous, the farmers' optimal sustainable technologies' input under the government's cost share is higher, and the firm may obtain more profit with cost sharing if the subsidy is relatively high. The government provides a higher subsidy to motivate farmers to adopt sustainable technologies when the pollution is more environmentally damaging. The government's cost share is superior to flat payment because it alleviates the government's financial burden with the same effect on motivating sustainable technologies' input.
Careless hospitality: Family reunification in Ireland involving children and young people of international protection background
Authors: Smith Karen , Raghallaigh Muireann Ní , Johnson Derina
Published: April 2023

This article examines policy and provision in relation to family reunification for persons with international protection status in Ireland through the lens of hospitality. The particular focus is on reunification involving children and young people, including former unaccompanied minors. Drawing on interviews and focus groups with sponsors, reunited family members and service providers, the article identifies various policy gaps and deficiencies which create immense difficulties for children/young people and their families in the period after reunification. There is found to be a heavy burden of responsibility for sponsors, particularly young sponsors and a significant risk of housing precarity and homelessness for family members admitted to Ireland to join them. It is argued that while the right to reunification is protected under Irish law, the hospitality extended to those admitted under reunification mechanisms is in practice limited and characterised by carelessness in relation to experiences and outcomes.
Comparison of different approaches to multistage lot sizing with uncertain demand
Authors: Bindewald Viktor , Dunke Fabian , Nickel Stefan
Published: April 2023

We study a new variant of the classical lot sizing problem with uncertain demand where neither the planning horizon nor demands are known exactly. This situation arises in practice when customer demands arriving over time are confirmed rather lately during the transportation process. In terms of planning, this setting necessitates a rolling horizon procedure where the overall multistage problem is dissolved into a series of coupled snapshot problems under uncertainty. Depending on the available data and risk disposition, different approaches from online optimization, stochastic programming, and robust optimization are viable to model and solve the snapshot problems. We evaluate the impact of the selected methodology on the overall solution quality using a methodology‐agnostic framework for multistage decision‐making under uncertainty. We provide computational results on lot sizing within a rolling horizon regarding different types of uncertainty, solution approaches, and the value of available information about upcoming demands.
The association between nurse continuity and hypospadias repair patient outcomes: A retrospective study
Authors: Ji Yoonhye , Choi Eun Kyoung , Han Sang Won
Published: April 2023

Background

Recently, nurse continuity, the intensity and consistency of a patient's exposure to nurses during hospitalization, has been shown to be associated with patient outcomes. However, little is known about how nurse continuity is related to patients' surgical outcomes.

Aims

To examine the association between nurse continuity and outcomes of hypospadias repair to clarify the importance of nurse continuity as a nursing practice.

Design

This is a retrospective study.

Methods

We analysed the data from electronic health records of patients under 1 year who had undergone proximal hypospadias repair between January 2014 and December 2016. Nurse continuity was measured using the Continuity of Care Index. Since approximately half of the patients reportedly needed further operations in the long term, the primary outcome was whether patients with proximal hypospadias repair had two or more additional operations within 3 years of discharge.

Results

The rate of undergoing two or more follow‐up operations in 3 years was significantly higher in patients with low nurse continuity—38.6% versus 12.8% for high continuity.

Conclusion

This study identified nurse continuity as an important factor related to patients' surgical outcomes. These findings suggest that nurse continuity be considered an important nursing strategy for patient outcomes and further research is needed on this topic.

Impact Statement

As empirical evidence regarding the association between nurse continuity and patient outcomes grows, nurse managers and policymakers should view nurse continuity as a critical factor for positive patient outcomes when considering nursing workforce regulations.

No Patient or Public Contribution

The data for this study were obtained from electronic health records, and the entire process of this study did not involve patient or public participation.
Sunda–Sahul floristic exchange and pathways into the Southwest Pacific: New insights from wet tropical forest trees
Authors: Holzmeyer Laura , Hauenschild Frank , Muellner‐Riehl Alexandra N.
Published: April 2023

Aim

Recent investigations on the floristic exchange between Southeast Asia and Australia have shown a clear dispersal directionality bias (West to East) of wet‐adapted plant taxa. However, dispersal routes and directions of wet forest taxa into the South Pacific remain insufficiently known. We here aimed to establish the most likely routes and directions of plant dispersal into the Southwest Pacific islands.

Location

Southeast Asia, East Asia, Australia, Southwest Pacific.

Taxon

Dysoxylum s.l. (Meliaceae). This includes Dysoxylum s.s., Didymocheton, Epicharis, Goniocheton, Pseudocarapa, and Prasoxylon.

Method

We sampled 75% of the species diversity in Dysoxylum s.l., covering the entire distribution range, all genera and major lineages. Phylogenetic relationships of 149 accessions were reconstructed using Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis and two internal constraints. The dispersal–extinction–cladogenesis variant, founder‐event speciation (DEC+J), was used for reconstructing the biogeographic history, and 100 Biogeographical Stochastic Mappings were simulated.

Results

Dysoxylum s.l. originated and firstly diversified in the western part of its current distribution range (including Indochina) during the Miocene to Pliocene, followed by an overall eastern range expansion towards Malesia, Australia and the Southwest Pacific in the Pliocene.

Main Conclusions

The south‐eastward expansion of lineages into Wallacea and Australia is in temporal agreement with the convergence of the Asian and Australian tectonic plates since the Miocene. Long‐distance dispersal is the main mechanism that led to the current distribution. Two dispersal pathways into the Southwest Pacific are identified, (1) through New Guinea and the Solomon Islands to Fiji, and (2) from New Zealand to Fiji. For both routes, Fiji was an important secondary source area for dispersal into the Southwest Pacific.