bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Significant Association between Physical Performance and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Older Adults with Frailty in Rural Thailand
Authors: Sadjapong Uratcha , Yodkeeree Supachai , Sungkarat Somporn , Saoin Somphot , Siviroj Penprapa
Published: January 2021

Background:

The etiology of frailty is complex and incompletely understood, and is associated with alterations in the immune system, resulting in chronic low-grade inflammation. However, few studies have explored the inflammatory biomarkers related to physical performance in the elderly.

Methods:

We evaluated the prevalence of frailty with a cross-sectional study among older adults in rural communities in Thailand (n = 457, mean age of 71.4 ± 5.8 years) with Fried’s frailty phenotype including five criteria: weight loss, exhaustion, slowness, weakness, and inactivity. The association between inflammatory biomarkers (serum interleukin-6, IL-6 and C-reactive protein, CRP levels) and physical performance (grip strength, walk times and VO2Max) was examined in frail participants (n=64).

Results:

The prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty in this population was 37.4% (95% CI, 32.9-42.0) and 54% (95% CI, 49.4-58.7). Multiple linear regression analysis found that serum IL-6 level was significantly elevated in frail older adults with low grip strength (beta = -0.348, SE= 0.155, p = 0.029). Serum CRP level was also elevated significantly in frail older adults with low grip strength (beta = -0.049, SE= 0.023, p = 0.04) and low VO2Max (beta = -0.047, SE= 0.019, p = 0.016) after adjustment for sex, age, hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis, heart disease, and BMI.

Conclusion:

Our findings support a low level of grip strength as predictor of inflammatory biomarkers in older adults with frailty. Primary care practitioners could use frailty indicators and performance combined with serum biomarkers for early health risk detection in older adults.
The Effect of Varicose Veins on the Quality of Life of Adult Female Patients in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alghamdi Danya Ahmed , Al-Shehri Rahaf Hasan , Al-Qahtani Mona Faisal , A. Uzma Ali Mehmood
Published: January 2021

Background:

Cases of varicose veins are increasing globally. One of the most common risk factors for developing varicose veins is the female gender. Varicose veins not only affect one’s working ability but also reduce the quality of life. There is a lack of research that focuses on the effect of varicose veins on patients’ quality of life in Saudi Arabia.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to explore the quality of life of female Saudi Arabian patients with varicose veins.

Methods:

An analytical cross-sectional research study was conducted targeting women with varicose veins in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. An online questionnaire containing two sections was distributed through social media. The first section was composed of items regarding demographic, occupational, and varicose vein-related risk factors. The second section included the items of the Chronic Venous Insufficiency Quality of Life Questionnaire (CIVIQ).

Results:

The study included 128 female patients aged 18 years or older, with 57 (44.5%) of them being between the ages of 45 and 54 years. Only body mass index (β = -0.304, t = -2.870, p = 0.005), frequent constipation (β = -0.258, t = -2.870, p = 0.009), and long rest periods during work (β = 0.517, t = 2.111, p = 0.037) were significant predictors of quality of life.

Conclusion:

Higher body mass index and frequent constipation were the main contributors to reduced quality of life among the participants, while a prolonged rest period during work was associated with a better quality of life.
produção científica brasileira sobre gestão de riscos no setor público: uma análise bibliométrica
Authors: Sousa Nunes Naiara Taise , Mota Samuel Cavalcante , Cabral Augusto Cézar de Aquino , Dos Santos Sandra Maria
Published: January 2021

gerenciamento de riscos tem se mostrado como ferramenta essencial para o alcance dosobjetivos das instituições. No setor público, ela pode auxiliar na gestão mais eficiente dos recursos,que reflete na melhoria da prestação de serviços ao cidadão. Este estudo teve como objetivoinvestigar a produção científica de artigos sobre gestão de riscos com enfoque no setor público,publicada em periódicos nacionais. O estudo é caracterizado como uma pesquisa bibliométrica,exploratória-descritiva, documental, com abordagem quantitativa. Foram utilizados os bancos dedados SPELL (Scientific Periodicals Eletronic Library) e Plataforma Capes no período de 2008 a 2018.Observou-se um aumento na produção científica sobre a temática no período compreendido entre2008 e 2016, a partir de quando se observa um declínio. O perfil de autoria predominante foi dedois autores, doutores e vinculados a instituições da Região Sudeste, em especial São Paulo. Foramencontradas publicações em um grande número de periódicos com predominância de classificaçãoQualis B2. Prevalecem pesquisas qualitativas do tipo exploratória com a utilização do estudo decaso. A maior parcela dos estudos realizou-se em entes públicos da esfera estadual e municipal.Identificou-se, também, que uma parcela significativa dos estudos se baseia no modelo COSO.
Avaliação da Governança de TI da administração pública sob a ótica dos princípios da governança corporativa
Authors: Neto João Souza , De Carvalho Laura Estela Madeira
Published: January 2021

Este estudo se propôs a verificar a avaliação da governança de TI que é realizada nas empresas da administração pública pelo Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU), sob a ótica dos princípios da transparência, da equidade, da prestação de contas e da responsabilidade corporativa. Esses princípios são definidos pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Governança Corporativa (IBGC) para reger os códigos de governança corporativa das organizações. Sendo a governança de TI parte da governança corporativa, buscou-se obter uma medida comum a ambas.  Para realizar a análise, o estudo utiliza a fundamentação teórica que subsidia os itens do levantamento identificados pelo TCU como itens que avaliam a governança de TI. Para cada fundamentação, de cada item do levantamento, é feita uma análise qualitativa, na busca da identificação de conceitos que os associe com um ou mais princípios da governança corporativa definidos pelo IBGC. Os dados utilizados são os do levantamento realizado em 2018 pelo TCU e que resultaram no Índice Geral de Governança (iGG) de 2018 e, como parte desse, o iGovTI. Como resultado, foi possível elaborar um mapeamento dos itens de avaliação de governança de TI que geraram o iGovTI de 2018, por princípios de governança corporativa. O estudo identificou haver poucos itens de verificação no levantamento relativos ao iGovTI que se relacionam aos princípios de governança corporativa; e assim, conclui que pouco se avalia a governança de tecnologia sob a ótica dos princípios da governança corporativa definidos pelo IBGC.
Formação de Redes de Governança para a Inovação no Setor Público: estudo da rede InovaGov e Comunidade de Simplificação
Authors: Saldanha Cristina Camila Teles , Terra Ana Luiza Santos , Cruz Marcus Vinícius Gonçalves da , Rosado Carolina Gomes , Santos José Clemente Maria Ferreira
Published: January 2021

O artigo busca compreender a formação de redes de governança voltadas para inovação governamental no Brasil a partir de um estudo de dois casos: a Rede InovaGov do Governo Federal e a Comunidade de Simplificação do Governo de Minas Gerais. Por meio de pesquisa de natureza qualitativa e descritiva, os dados foram analisados considerando duas dimensões de análise: a dos atores e a do processo. As variáveis qualitativas utilizadas para a dimensão dos atores foram: participantes, responsáveis e nível de engajamento; enquanto as do eixo processo foram: o tempo de existência das redes, o tipo de interação e o processo decisório de ambas. Concluiu-se que as diferenças entre as redes são relativas à maturidade, à amplitude da rede federal e à similaridade dos atores da rede estadual, mesmo que ambos sejam fenômenos recentes. Como proposta para futuras pesquisas, sugere-se estudo longitudinal que acompanhe as redes no seu processo de institucionalização.
Effects of eHealth-Based Multiple Health Behavior Change Interventions on Physical Activity, Healthy Diet, and Weight in People With Noncommunicable Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Duan Yanping , Shang Borui , Liang Wei , Du Gaohui , Yang Min , Rhodes Ryan E
Published: January 2021

Background

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are associated with the burden of premature deaths and huge medical costs globally. There is an increasing number of studies combining a multiple health behavior change (MHBC) intervention paradigm with eHealth approaches to jointly promote weight-related health behaviors among people with NCD; yet, a comprehensive summary of these studies is lacking.

Objective

This review aims to meta-analyze the effectiveness and systematically summarize the characteristics of the relevant intervention studies for improving the outcomes of physical activity, healthy diet, and weight among people with NCD.

Methods

Following PRISMA guidelines, 4 electronic databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus) were systematically searched to identify eligible articles based on a series of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Article selection, quality assessment, and data extraction were independently performed by 2 authors. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was calculated to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for 3 intervention outcomes (physical activity, healthy diet, and weight), and subsequent subgroup analyses were performed for gender, age, intervention duration, channel, and theory. Calculations were conducted, and figures were produced in SPSS 22 and Review Manager 5.3.

Results

Of the 664 original hits generated by the systematic searches, 15 eligible studies with moderate to high quality were included. No potential publication bias was detected using statistical analyses. Studies varied in intervention channel, intensity, and content. The meta-analysis revealed that the eHealth MHBC interventions significantly promoted physical activity (SMD 0.85, 95% CI 0.23 to 1.47, P=.008) and healthy diet (SMD 0.78, 95% CI 0.13 to 1.43, P=.02), but did not contribute to a healthy weight status (SMD –0.13, 95% CI= –0.47 to 0.20, P=.43) among people with NCDs, compared to the control conditions. Results from subgroup analysis indicated that theory-based interventions achieved greater effect than nontheory-based interventions in promoting physical activity, and interventions with traditional approaches (SMS, telephone) were more effective than those with modern internet-based approaches in promoting healthy diet.

Conclusions

The results of this review indicates that eHealth MHBC interventions achieve preliminary success in promoting physical activity and healthy diet behaviors among people with NCD. Future studies could improve the intervention design to achieve better intervention effectiveness.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42019118629; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=118629
A Google Trends Approach to Identify Distinct Diurnal and Day-of-Week Web-Based Search Patterns Related to Conjunctivitis and Other Common Eye Conditions: Infodemiology Study (Preprint)
Authors: Deiner Michael S , Kaur Gurbani , McLeod Stephen D , Schallhorn Julie M , Chodosh James , Hwang Daniel H , Lietman Thomas M , Porco Travis C
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Studies suggest diurnal patterns of occurrence of some eye conditions. Leveraging new information sources such as web-based search data to learn more about such patterns could improve the understanding of patients’ eye-related conditions and well-being, better inform timing of clinical and remote eye care, and improve precision when targeting web-based public health campaigns toward underserved populations.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate our hypothesis that the public is likely to consistently search about different ophthalmologic conditions at different hours of the day or days of week, we conducted an observational study using search data for terms related to ophthalmologic conditions such as conjunctivitis. We assessed whether search volumes reflected diurnal or day-of-week patterns and if those patterns were distinct from each other.

METHODS

We designed a study to analyze and compare hourly search data for eye-related and control search terms, using time series regression models with trend and periodicity terms to remove outliers and then estimate diurnal effects. We planned a Google Trends setting, extracting data from 10 US states for the entire year of 2018. The exposure was internet search, and the participants were populations who searched through Google’s search engine using our chosen study terms. Our main outcome measures included cyclical hourly and day-of-week web-based search patterns. For statistical analyses, we considered P<.001 to be statistically significant.

RESULTS

Distinct diurnal (P<.001 for all search terms) and day-of-week search patterns for eye-related terms were observed but with differing peak time periods and cyclic strengths. Some diurnal patterns represented those reported from prior clinical studies. Of the eye-related terms, “pink eye” showed the largest diurnal amplitude-to-mean ratios. Stronger signal was restricted to and peaked in mornings, and amplitude was higher on weekdays. By contrast, “dry eyes” had a higher amplitude diurnal pattern on weekends, with stronger signal occurring over a broader evening-to-morning period and peaking in early morning.

CONCLUSIONS

The frequency of web-based searches for various eye conditions can show cyclic patterns according to time of the day or week. Further studies to understand the reasons for these variations may help supplement the current clinical understanding of ophthalmologic symptom presentation and improve the timeliness of patient messaging and care interventions.
Management of Heart Failure Patient with CKD
Authors: Banerjee Debasish , Rosano Giuseppe , Herzog Charles A.
Published: January 2021

CKD is common in patients with heart failure, associated with high mortality and morbidity, which is even higher in people undergoing long-term dialysis. Despite increasing use of evidence-based drug and device therapy in patients with heart failure in the general population, patients with CKD have not benefitted. This review discusses prevalence and evidence of kidney replacement, device, and drug therapies for heart failure in CKD. Evidence for treatment with β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors, and sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors in mild-to-moderate CKD has emerged from general population studies in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). β-Blockers have been shown to improve outcomes in patients with HFrEF in all stages of CKD, including patients on dialysis. However, studies of HFrEF selected patients with creatinine <2.5 mg/dl for ACE inhibitors, <3.0 mg/dl for angiotensin-receptor blockers, and <2.5 mg/dl for mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, excluding patients with severe CKD. Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor therapy was successfully used in randomized trials in patients with eGFR as low as 20 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Hence, the benefits of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis inhibitor therapy in patients with mild-to-moderate CKD have been demonstrated, yet such therapy is not used in all suitable patients because of fear of hyperkalemia and worsening kidney function. Sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitor therapy improved mortality and hospitalization in patients with HFrEF and CKD stages 3 and 4 (eGFR>20 ml/min per 1.73 m2). High-dose and combination diuretic therapy, often necessary, may be complicated with worsening kidney function and electrolyte imbalances, but has been used successfully in patients with CKD stages 3 and 4. Intravenous iron improved symptoms in patients with heart failure and CKD stage 3; and high-dose iron reduced heart failure hospitalizations by 44% in patients on dialysis. Cardiac resynchronization therapy reduced death and hospitalizations in patients with heart failure and CKD stage 3. Peritoneal dialysis in patients with symptomatic fluid overload improved symptoms and prevented hospital admissions. Evidence suggests that combined cardiology-nephrology clinics may help improve management of patients with HFrEF and CKD. A multidisciplinary approach may be necessary for implementation of evidence-based therapy.
Reforming Sectarian Beliefs in Iraq: Winning the Peace
Authors: Oler Michael , Johnson Anthony , McCulloh Anna , Dagher Munqith , Day Anita , McCulloh Ian
Published: January 2021

Sectarian violence continues in Iraq affecting regional and world security. Neuroscience techniques are used to assess the mentalizing process and counter-arguing in response to videos designed to prevent extremist radicalization. Measurement of neural activity in brain Regions of Interest (ROI) assists identification of messages which can promote favorable behavior. Activation of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex (MPFC) is associated with message adoption and behavior change. Public Service Announcements (PSAs) have not been effective in reducing violence in Iraq. This study demonstrates that the four PSAs investigated in this study do not activate the MPFC. The RLPFC is a brain ROI associated with counter-arguing and message resistance. This study demonstrates that reduction in activity in the Right Lateral Prefrontal Cortex (RLPFC) is associated with decreased sectarianism. Engagement was measured and is associated with activity in the frontal pole regions.We introduce Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure the neural activity of highly sectarian Iraqis in response to these anti-sectarian messages. Neural activity was measured while viewing three PSAs and a fourth unpublished video. All four videos are intended to reduce sectarianism. A novel sectarianism scale is introduced to measure sectarian beliefs before and after the messages. This sectarian scale has high internal consistency as measured by Cronbach’s alpha. Measured activation of brain ROIs are correlated with changes in the sectarian scale. Twelve Sunni and twelve Shi’a Iraqis participated in the study. Subjects were shown the four videos in randomized order, while equipped with a fNIRS neural imaging device. All four videos produced significant engagement. None of the videos reduced sectarianism nor caused brain activation of adoption. This is consistent with the widely held Iraqi public perception that the PSAs are ineffective. Only one video, which was un-published, caused reduced sectarian beliefs. This un-published fourth video was associated with decreased counter-arguing. Counter-arguing is associated with message resistance.
Wyznaczenie pola obciążeń generowanych wybuchem wydłużonych ładunków cylindrycznych
Authors: Papliński Andrzej
Published: January 2021

Dynamic load field generated in the rock mass by detonation of elongated cylindrical charges is determined. In practical blasting operations charges of dozen and more meters long are employed. Therefore, in the ambient medium around of the hole in which the charge detonates, a stationary field of stress and displacements is established. In the paper a stationary solution is presented which estimates the fields of pressure as well as of radial and axial velocity generated by a moving load propagating with constant velocity along the cylindrical hole cut in an infinite medium. The loaded medium is described by a one-wave model in which the small displacements speed is determined by the magnitude of the bulk modulus. The solution is estimated using integral transformations. A sample solution is provided, or a constant-value moving load acting on the internal surface of the hole for a given interval of time.
Comunicación en personas con discapacidad múltiple.
Authors: Bermúdez Cubero Carolina
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo pretende explicar algunos aspectos relevantes del proceso de comunicación y a la vez facilitar algunas estrategias que permitan un mejor trabajo con las personas con discapacidad múltiple, brindando herramientas para un abordaje funcional, que pueda satisfacer las necesidades de la persona, tomando en consideración las características y las habilidades de la misma. Es por este motivo que se considerarán algunos aspectos teóricos, los cuales serán la base y el marco de referencia para el desarrollo de un currículo funcional para las personas con discapacidad múltiple; esto, a la vez, permitirá dar sugerencias con respecto al abordaje educativo para la comunicación y el desarrollo paralelo de ciertas habilidades cognoscitivas que se puede ir realizando con estas personas, sin olvidar que las actividades y las estrategias dependerán de las características y necesidades que vaya manifestando la persona con la cual se está compartiendo un proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje.
Estética y hermenéutica en Gadamer
Authors: Rojas Osorio Carlos
Published: January 2021

El artículo presenta las ideas básicas de Gadamer en relación con el giro lingüístico de la hermenéutica filosófica al mismo tiempo que correlaciona dicha temática con algunos aspectos de la estética actual. Partiendo de su obra principal –Verdad y método– retoma la temática de la estética en sus obras posteriores. La estética –especialmente literaria– resulta muy pertinente para el arte de la interpretación o hermenéutica.
El plurilingüismo y la parodia: dos armas de combate textual para el emperador tertuliano
Authors: González Calvo Mainor
Published: January 2021

El Emperador Tertuliano y la Legió'n de los Superlimpios es el texto que mejor propone la heteroglosia en el género novelístico en Costa Rica. Además, esta pluralidad de discursos (de procedencia vallecentraleña y de grupos sociales marginales) son integrados en la novela para dar una visión de la realidad burocrática muy diferente a la promulgada por los medios ideológicos estatales. El plurilingüismo y la parodia (términos explicados por el teórico ruso Mijail Bajtín) son dos armas lingüísticas que la novela emplea como estrategia textual, y su fin se debe a la desestabilización de un discurso monológico promulgado por las instituciones públicas, la clase gerencial y los medios de comunicación y difusión en el exterior, discurso que se plantea como jerarquizado, infranqueable y absoluto. Precisamente de entre varios métodos literarios, el plurilingüismo y la parodia obligan a la novela de Rodolfo Arias a la incorporación de visiones de mundo heterogéneas y a una configuración variada de la identidad costarri cense, ya que impugna y critica fuertemente el imaginario que se reproduce en los distintas fuentes oficiales, y crea sus propias armas para evidenciar una variedad de voces que intentan trasponer las diferentes visiones y realidades de los sectores más excluidos del proyecto neoliberal en Costa Rica. Uno de estos grupos marginados es, en la actualidad, la clase burocrática costarricense.
El magistrado en el recurso del método: el choqué de identidades
Authors: Alvarado Vega Orcar
Published: January 2021

En la novela de Alejo Carpentier, El recurso del método, el Magistrado, como personaje fundamental del texto, va tejiendo para sí una determinada identidad que lo separa de su pueblo paulatinamente e intenta acercarse al modelo cultural y de conocimiento por antonomasia: París. Su intento, sin embargo, no logra fructificar, pues la derrota que sufre como mandatario y su posterior derrocamiento, le originan el rechazo por parte de Europa y el mundo deseado. A partir de tal situación, el Magistrado deviene en un personaje cuya identidad se ve sumergida en la ambigüedad, y hace de él un ladino, un mestizo.Así, el irrespeto a los derechos humanos que aquellos poseen son pisoteados por el Magistrado sin consideración alguna, lo cual termina de reafirmar su carácter tiránico e inhumano.
Seguridad humana en Soacha desde la percepción local. Análisis del impacto de los proyectos de la FAO y el PNUD
Authors: Nichelatti Enrico
Published: January 2021

The research wants to focus on the concept of human security through a qualitative analysis of the impact of some prjects developed by the Food and Agricolture Organization and United Nations Developemnt Pogramme in Soacha. The place represents an interesting case study for its particular situation. Indeed, this commune on the one hand still lives histirical issues such as extreme poverty, inequality, accumulation of land and displacement, and on the other hand represents a paradoxical union between precarious and developed realities. The study uses a qualitative technique divided in two sections. The first one is built on semistructured individual intervews with the project’s coordinators that examine the main issues with their implementation, while the other one is based on surveys with the local community that analyze the perception of the population of Soacha on human security. Regarding this part, the survey, composed by a preamble and eight questions, has been completed by 120 people. The results evidence that the population consider that there has been a slight increase in the human security during the last five years. However, the outcomes reveal also the persistence of structural issues, which perpuate the human insecurity
Teoría de la imprevisión en tiempo de pandemia a través de la función económica del contrato
Authors: Valderrama Velandia José Eduardo
Published: January 2021

The paper addresses theory of improvidence, without extensive pretension, rather, it has a horizon fixed in the particularity of the circumstances in the prospective contractual review in view of the provisions that the National Government has adopted to face the situations generated by the contingency of the COVID 19 virus pandemic in terms of the execution of some economic activities. This raises the following question: How can the government's measures in the framework of preventive isolation affect the application of the contract review based on the hardship? This article is constructed by applying a descriptive documentary method, by means of which the characteristic elements of the hardship are illustrated based on relevant jurisprudence of the Colombian Courts, under the clause of the Social State of Law, together with specialized doctrine civil and commercial, to consider the real application in times of social and health contingency in Colombia and through it the action of revision of the contract
Correa Ramírez, Jhon Jaime, Anderson Paul Gil Pérez y Natalia Agudelo Castañeda. Resignificando la historia de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. AJUTP: memorias que no se jubilan. Pereira: Editorial Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, 2020
Authors: Valencia Villa Michael Stiven
Published: January 2021

N/A
Presentación: "Aportes al campo de la memoria, la verdad y el esclarecimiento desde la historia
Authors: Berón Ospina Alberto Antonio , Martínez Herrera Luis Adolfo
Published: January 2021

N/A
Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Versus Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists in Older Adults
Authors: Patorno Elisabetta , Pawar Ajinkya , Bessette Lily G. , Kim Dae H. , Dave Chintan , Glynn Robert J. , Munshi Medha N. , Schneeweiss Sebastian , Wexler Deborah J. , Kim Seoyoung C.
Published: January 2021

Objective: Both SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and
GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) demonstrated cardiovascular benefits in RCTs of
patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) generally <65 years and mostly with cardiovascular disease (CVD). We
aimed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and GLP-1 receptor
agonists (GLP-1RA) among real-world older adults.

Methods: Using Medicare data (4/2013-12/2016), we
identified 90,094 1:1 propensity score-matched T2D patients ≥66 years
initiating SGLT2i or GLP-1RA. Primary outcomes were major adverse
cardiovascular events (MACE, i.e., myocardial infarction, stroke or
cardiovascular death) and hospitalization for heart failure (HHF). Other outcomes
included diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), genital infections (GI), fractures,
lower-limb amputations (LLA), acute kidney injury (AKI), severe urinary tract
infections (UTI), and overall mortality. We estimated hazard ratios (HR) and rate
differences (RD) per 1000 person-years, controlling for 140 baseline
covariates.

Results: Compared with GLP-1RA, SGLT2i initiators
had similar MACE risk [HR (95% CI)=0.98 (0.87-1.10); RD (95% CI)= -0.38 (-2.48,1.72)]
and reduced HHF risk [HR=0.68 (0.57-0.80)]; RD= -3.23 (-4.68,-1.77)], over a
median follow up of approximately 6 months. They also had 0.7 [RD=0.72 (0.02,
1.41)] more DKA, 0.9 [RD=0.90 (0.10, 1.70)] more LLA, 57.1 [RD=57.08 (53.45,
60.70)] more GI, and 7.1 [RD=-7.05 (-10.27, -3.83)] fewer AKI events.

Conclusions: Among older adults, SGLT2i had
similar MACE risk, decreased HHF risk, and increased risk of DKA, LLA, and GI, vs.
GLP-1RA.
A-contraction mappings of integral type in n-normed spaces
Authors: Abed Salwa Salman , Lazam Hanan Sabah
Published: January 2021

In this article, A-contraction type mappings in integral case are defined on a complete n-normed spaces and the existence of some fixed point theorems are proved in the complete n-normed spaces and given some results on Picard operator.
Design and Analysis of a Novel Six-Dimensional Hyper Chaotic System
Authors: Mehdi Sadiq A. , Muhamed Shatha Jassim
Published: January 2021

The chaotic system has been widely studied. A new six-dimension hyper chaotic system is introduced in this paper. We used a new chaotic system based on a six-dimension for the purpose of increasing chaos in the system, where the new system has eleven positive parameters, complicated chaotic dynamics behaviors and gives an analysis of the new systems. The basic characteristics and dynamic behavior of this system are investigated with a presence of chaotic attractor, Dissipativity, symmetry, equilibrium points, Lyapunov Exponents, Kaplan-Yorke dimension, waveform analysis and sensitivity toward initial conditions. The results of the analysis exhibit that the new system contains three unstable equilibrium points and the six Lyapunov exponents. Maxim non-negative Lyapunov Exponent (MLE) is obtained as 4.72625, and Kaplan-Yorke are obtained as 3.92566, and the new system characteristics with, unstable, high complexity, and unpredictability, the new system dynamics is simulated utilizing MATHEMATICA program. The phase portraits and the qualitative properties of the new hyper chaotic system have been described at the detail.
Microbial and Molecular Screening of Swimmers Associated with Conjunctivitis from Public Swimming Pools in Erbil Province
Authors: Maulud Sazan Q. , Omar Lawin A. , Hassan Ahmed Nawzad , Saeed Rastee H.
Published: January 2021

Public swimming pools, if not treated well could work as a reservoir of many microorganisms that cause infections among swimmers. Conjunctivitis is one of those common infections that resulted from microbial and non-microbial agents, microbial conjunctivitis caused by viral (mainly Human adenovirus HAdVs) and bacterial infections. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of microbial causative agents of swimming pool conjunctivitis and evaluating the swimming pools in terms of health and the extent of contamination in Erbil province. Eighty-eight specimens were isolated and identified from the swimmers showing signs and symptoms of swimming pool conjunctivitis from different public swimming pools in Erbil city from January to the end of February 2020. Sample identified using bacteriological methods, serology test, and nested PCR for detection of HAdVs. The swimmers samples consisted of 60 males and 28 females, and they were aged between 16-56 years. The obtained results showed that, out of 88 samples, 36 (40.91%) detected as a viral infection and 29 (32.95%) as bacterial infection, while, 23 (26.13%) showed no growth (non-microbial infection). Frequency of swimming pool conjunctivitis among male and female was 60 (68.2%) and 28 (31.8%) respectively. Depending on the obtained results, it can be concluded that conjunctivitis could result from viral, bacterial, and non-microbial agents, a viral infection is the main cause followed by a bacterial infection, also public swimming pools are not a safe place and swimmers are subjected to infection by different pathogens.
Cognitive flexibility: exploring students’ problem-solving in elementary school mathematics learning
Authors: Rahayuningsih Sri , Sirajuddin Sirajuddin , Nasrun Nasrun
Published: January 2021

In classroom learning, students need mathematical cognitive flexibility to be able to solve mathematical problems with the various ideas they express. To solve the problems, they must be able to grasp the problem, see it from various points of view, and should not be rigid thinking with one solving method.  In fact, the students still lack the ability to think flexibly in solving math problems. This exploration is necessary to determine how to encourage the students’ creative problem-solving. The purposive sampling technique is used to select two out of 150 of 4th Grade students who have taken an initial test to measure their creative abilities. Problem-solving worksheet, think-aloud records, and interviews are used as data collection instruments. Then, the data were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach. The research instrument is validated by two professors of mathematics. Through a series of revisions based on expert advice, the validity results are said to be feasible for use. To check for reliability, field tests are tested on 10 students who meet the criteria as research subjects. Analysis results indicate that cognitive abilities involve cognitive processes in the form of the ability to assess process by looking for patterns of numbers, mentally compute, estimate, and assess the rationality or reasonableness of calculation results. Other findings on students' cognitive processes in solving math problems include looking for number patterns, carrying out trial-and-error (also called guess-and-check), and drawing diagrams. Students with cognitive flexibility tend to use trial-and-error when solving mathematical problems.
A Van Hiele Theory analysis for teaching volume of three-dimensional geometric shapes
Authors: Moru Eunice Kolitsoe , Malebanye Maqoni , Morobe Nomusic , George Mosotho Joseph
Published: January 2021

Geometry is among the cornerstones of mathematics because of its applicability in real life and its connection to other areas of mathematics. The reported study explored how the volume of 3D geometric shapes was taught in one high school in Lesotho. One male teacher and an intact class of sixty high school students were the participants of the study. The study was exploratory in nature. This was in order to understand the phenomenon under study so as to suggest ways on how to make some improvements for the future. Data were collected through classroom observations, photo shootings, note-taking, and interviews. Classroom observations enabled the researchers to start the analysis while also observing. The photos taken captured the nature of the tasks given to students, some explanations, and class interactions. The Van Hiele theory of geometric thought was used as the framework of analysis. The findings of the study show that at level 1, the teacher focused mainly on the vocabulary of the concept at hand, the information phase. Another phase which was dominant in the teaching at the same level is the direct orientation. The free-orientation phase was not fully realized. The analysis level was achieved through the information phase and the direct orientation phase. Thus the progression from one level to another by students occurred having some phases of learning being skipped due to the way the instruction was organized. It is postulated that lack of proper understanding of some concepts in geometry by students may result from this kind of instruction.
A design approach to mathematics teacher educator development in East Africa
Authors: Golding Jennie , Batiibwe Marjorie Sarah K.
Published: January 2021

Mathematical functioning in sub-Saharan Africa remains persistently weak in global terms. This limits the flourishing of young people and communities in the region. Moreover, affordable, effective ways to address the issue are not well established. This paper analyses outcomes from a blended learning ‘Mathematical Thinking and IT’ course, iteratively adapted for East African primary mathematics teacher educators. The course adopted theoretical approaches derived from the mathematics, teacher and technology education literatures. It aimed to address the problem of low mathematical functioning by equipping participants for their own work, and also for supporting local collaborative teacher development workshops. The reported study asked, ‘What are the affordances and constraints of the adapted course and the available technology for mathematics teacher educator development in this context?’A variety of qualitative tools were used to track the course’s impact on the ten mathematics teacher educator participants over six months, as they attempted to transfer course learning to their home professional context. The analysis adopted an ethnographic lens. Outcomes suggested participants with a broad mathematical and pedagogical capacity for change, including critical levels of reflection, made significant progress in their technological, mathematical and mathematics pedagogical expertise. However, teacher educators without such a threshold capacity appeared not able to re-envision practice. Free subject-specific software was appreciated by all participants, but not yet reliably accessible in these teacher educators’ institutional contexts. The reported study evidences the potential for affordable, sustainable, development of many mathematics teacher educators in this context, but further research is needed. Similar courses should take account of local technological and education constraints
How to predict good days in farming: ethnomathematics study with an ethnomodelling approach
Authors: Umbara Uba , Wahyudin Wahyudin , Prabawanto Sufyani
Published: January 2021

Mathematics cannot be separated from everyday life. The use of mathematical concepts in cultural activities can be studied through the ethnomathematics program. However, ethnomathematics research may not be able to provide noticeable results, especially in constructing mathematical modelling for pedagogical purposes. Ethnomodelling later became one of the concepts introduced as an approach in ethnomathematics research. Based on the cultural aspect, the ability to predict a good day in farming is included in the holistic concept of culture because it belongs to the knowledge system and belief system (religion) in the universal element of culture. The research was conducted using an ethnomethodological approach and a realist ethnographic design. Based on this, this research was conducted to describe the ability of the Cigugur indigenous people in Kuningan Regency to predict what days are considered good to start farming activities. Data were collected by using observation techniques, in-depth interviews, documentation, and field notes. Data analysis techniques are carried out in stages through content analysis, triangulation, and pattern search. Based on the study of ethnomathematics, research that is able to describe the mathematical ideas and practices of the indigenous Cigugur community can be classified into several fundamental mathematical dimensions including counting, finding, measuring, designing, and explaining. The use of the ethnomodelling approach in research can describe several mathematical concepts used by the concepts of numbers, sets, relations, congruence, modulo, and mathematical modelling.
De 'toxicomania' a 'dependência química': uma análise na perspectiva da lexicologia sócio-histórica
Authors: Freitas André De Sousa Figueiredo , Oliveira Bárbara Vieira de , Bertolino Daiane Soares , Lopes Leopoldina Aparecida , Machado Mayta Ferreira , Pinto Vinícius Ramede de Paula , Cambraia César Nardelli
Published: January 2021

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar os itens lexicais toxicomania e dependência química no português, cujo sentido tem como ideia central “consumo contínuo ou periódico de substância psicoativa”. Esta análise se baseou nos pressupostos teóricos da lexicologia sócio-histórica (CAMBRAIA, 2013). Do ponto de vista metodológico, a análise foi realizada com base nos 100 lexemas mais frequentes de dois corpora compostos de textos extraídos do Jornal do Brasil: um da década de 1970 para toxicomania e outro da década de 2000 para dependência química. Testaram-se três hipóteses, que foram efetivamente confirmadas: (a) a diferença entre toxicomania e dependência química está relacionada ao tipo de substância consumida; (b) a relação entre toxicomania por dependência química foi influenciada pela recomendação terminológica da OMS em 1974; e (c) a diferença entre toxicomania e dependência química reflete diferentes visões sobre a questão.
Questões diacrônicas das Ciências do Léxico: a dicionarização de brasileirismos no campo semântico da fauna e flora
Authors: Silva Manoel Messias Alves da , Vitoriano Luana
Published: January 2021

Os estudos diacrônicos sobre o léxico possibilitam compreender a complexa relação entre língua, cultura, história e memória de um determinado povo. Tendo por base o enfoque temático dos “brasileirismos” na língua portuguesa e com o fim de estabelecer uma análise diacrônica do léxico definimos por objetivos: a) realizar uma explanação teórica sobre as questões diacrônicas nos estudos do léxico; b) discorrer sobre as origens do campo lexical relacionado à fauna e à flora; c) investigar os modos como essas (não) mudanças linguísticas estão atreladas ao contexto sociocultural do país. Nessa conjuntura, desenvolvemos uma pesquisa documental e comparativa sobre os verbetes selecionados para análise, de modo que os aspectos metodológicos versam sobre quatro aspectos gerais: i) seleção de corpora: seis dicionários; ii) definição temática do corpus: campo semântico relacionado à fauna e à flora brasileira; iii) recorte do corpus: investigação de cinco vocábulos do campo semântico selecionado em corpora; iv) prática analítica: contraste entre os vocábulos (aspectos semânticos e morfológicos). Para tanto, embasamo-nos nas perspectivas teóricas da Lexicologia e da Lexicografia (diacrônicas), em especial, nas contribuições de Krieger (2010) e Murakawa (2010).
Os tabus linguísticos no romance Cascalho de Herberto Sales
Authors: Ribeiro Antonio Marcos De Almeida
Published: January 2021

Este estudo teve como objetivo selecionar e analisar 13 lexias envolvendo a sexualidade e seus tabus no romance Cascalho (2011), do escritor baiano Herberto Sales. Para isso, a discussão é guiada com trabalho já realizado de Ribeiro (2020), que estudou o léxico de Cascalho e delimitou um macrocampo com microcampos sobre a sexualidade da comunidade do garimpo. Usamos a metodologia dos campos lexicais preconizado por Coseriu (1977), que procede em fazer uma listagem dessas 13 lexias e analisa-las com as perspectivas de embasamento teórico metodológico nos pressupostos de Freud (2013), Foucault (1988), Preti (1983), Guérios (1979), que abordam sobre tabu. E para os saberes de lexicografia e lexicologia contamos com os trabalhos de Borba (2003), Welker (2004) e Barros (2004), além de outros autores. O vocabulário da sexualidade com seu tabu linguístico constatou uma historicidade linguística da trajetória dos garimpeiros da Chapada Diamantina, que deixa transparecer por seu léxico seus valores, crenças, hábitos e costumes. As formações lexicais são construções que obedecem as necessidades dos falantes, e dentro desse espectro linguístico está o léxico obsceno de cunho sexual, considerado tabu por convenções sociais e abono cultural. A riqueza lexical de vocábulo tabuísta encontradas na região, por meio da obra literária, possui carga sociocultural revelando perfis identitários relacionada ao modo de vida do garimpo da Chapada Diamantina na Bahia.
Uncovering Wasathiyah Values On Sharia Banking
Authors: Amiruddin Muhammad Majdy , Sapa Nasrullah Bin , Syatar Abdul
Published: January 2021

Islamic banking in Indonesia has a unique approach. Not only restricted by texts which are the source of rules, he also strongly considers the reality of society in Indonesia. Text and context also struggle to achieve benefit. Something that can only be achieved by the wasathiyah approach. This study aims to reveal the wasathiyah values contained in Islamic banking activities in Indonesia. The method adopted is a qualitative design. As a grand theory, this research uses wasathiyah theory by Yusuf Al Qardhawi. An interesting finding states that wasaty has covered the right understanding related to the usury distinction between interest and profit and wages. Another interesting finding shows that uqud al murakkabah that has been forbidden by the traditionalists in total, is also given an appropriate portion so that halal-haram can be classified
Kemahiran Membaca Bahasa Arab Tingkat Mutaqaddimin serta Metode dan Strategi Pembelajarannya
Authors: Rappe Rappe
Published: January 2021

This research discusses the methods and strategies of learning to read especially for mutaqaddimin. Mutaqaddimin is the level where students can already read well and fluently.In this level, the concept of learning focusses aspects of understanding the content of reading as well as the ability to explore it. Reading for mutaqaddimin is activity of learning that can be done independently. So, students can learn in inside or outside the classroom.In learning to read, students are asked to find the main ideas and supporting ideas of the reading. And then recounted it by using grammar or qawaid that student have known. The students must inform it by using their own language so others can understand it well.Every learning needs method and strategies for increasing students interest in studying. And also, make them easy to understand the material. In this case, a teacher have the right to choose a better method and strategies in studying including learning of read. In this research, there are some method and strategies that teacher can use in studying. This research obtaian the data of method and strategies from some jurnals. Researcher read the jurnal well and deeply, then make categorization and choose some importand information in oerder to put in this research
Metode Langsung (Al-Tarīqah Al-Mubāsyarah) dan Strategi Pembelajarannya
Authors: Chalik Sitti Aisyah
Published: January 2021

Direct means straight to the point. Direct method or straight to the point method is the way in presenting Arabic where the teacher directly uses the language ( Arabic) as the language in giving instruction , without using students‟ mother tongue . If there is a word is difficult to understand by the students, teachers can interpret that word by using props, demonstrating, describing and etc. This method is based on the understanding that teaching foreign language subject is not the same as teaching the science subject. If in the Learning science, the students are required to memorize certain formulas, think and remember, in language teaching, students or pupil are trained to practice directly spelling certain words or sentences. It is same when we consider a mother in teaching language to her childrens, she practices the language by herself directly , lead her child to pronounce the word by -word, sentence by-sentence, and her children will repeat what she spell in funny way. In principle, Direct method is really important in teaching Arabic, because through this method students can practice their speaking skills directly without using their mother tongue (the language of their scope). Although in the first time it seems difficult for students to duplicate it, but this method finally so interesting for them.