bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feminicidios y su tratamiento en medios impresos
Authors: Gonzalez-Martínez Elier , Manjarrez Cubero Nathaly Nicole
Published: November 2022

La presente investigación analizó el tratamiento y abordaje que realizan los medios de comunicación, específicamente el diario El Universo, sobre casos de feminicidio en el Ecuador. Se realizó un análisis de contenido de 15 casos seleccionados de manera aleatoria, de los 30 casos encontrados en el periódico en relación con los 88 identificados por la policía nacional, siguiendo el código Orgánico Integral Penal (COIP). Para el análisis se hizo uso de las categorías de error, creadas por las investigadoras chilenas Ananías Soto y Vergara Sánchez (2016), quienes lograron determinar los errores más comunes al momento de realizar una noticia sobre casos de feminicidio. Entre los casos seleccionados para el estudio, los errores que destacaron fueron: el sensacionalismo, el morbo y la falta de contextualización. Partiendo de las categorías de error utilizadas en la investigación y los resultados obtenidos, la mayoría de los periodistas cuentan con un conocimiento general limitado sobre temas relacionados a la violencia de género, el femicidio/feminicidio.
Estado y regulación en la vitivinicultura mendocina
Authors: Palazzolo Natalia
Published: November 2022

La crisis del modelo fordista en el circuito vitivinícola mendocino, en acople a la modificación del régimen de acumulación a nivel nacional, modificó drásticamente la forma de intervención del Estado en el circuito.En el presente artículo se analiza la transformación de la intervención del Estado como agente económico, tomando como casos de análisis a la empresa estatal provincial mendocina "Bodegas y Viñedos Giol" durante el modelo vitivinícola tradicional o fordista, y la Bodega municipal “Raíces de Junín”, surgida en 2018 en el este de Mendoza, durante el modelo posfordista. Los cambios en el modelo de acumulación y regulación del circuito impulsaron a los agentes económicos a desarrollar nuevas estrategias que permearon en forma diferencial en los diversos niveles institucionales. Del presente análisis, se desprende que los agentes más desfavorecidos en los distintos modelos de acumulación, necesitan del Estado como agente económico para torcer la inercia regulacionista cuando el modelo de acumulación no los favorece y no perder posiciones en la captación de excedentes. No obstante, recurren a diversos niveles institucionales, por la selectividad estratégica del Estado.
Cultura de la pobreza y sus repercusiones en el municipio de Güémez, Tamaulipas, México
Authors: Hernández Fonseca María del Rosario , Molina Montalvo Hugo Isaías
Published: November 2022

El objetivo de esta investigación fue mostrar las condiciones de pobreza que presentan los habitantes del municipio de Güémez, Tamaulipas, México, a partir de lo estipulado en la teoría de la cultura de la pobreza entendida como un bien común que comparten los habitantes en la construcción de su futuro, en la lucha permanente contra la desigualdad, además es considerada como una de las causas del estancamiento de las comunidades porque las hace dependientes de los programas sociales. El estudio fue de tipo mixto, se aplicaron 372 encuestas en 40 comunidades del municipio de Güémez, se utilizó el diario de campo y la observación no participante. Los resultados reflejan que el municipio de Güémez cuenta con servicios públicos, recursos naturales y culturales que garantizan la calidad de vida de los habitantes y no son valorados por ellos mismos.
rol de las ASC como alternativa participativa a las ONGs en el Cono Sur
Authors: Perusset Veras Macarena
Published: November 2022

Este trabajo busca dar cuenta de los cambios y transformaciones en el denominado Tercer Sector, a partir de la presencia y de la actividades llevadas a cabo por las organizaciones no gubernamentales (ONGs), así como por las asociaciones de la sociedad civil (ASC), revelando los distintos contextos y escenarios en el que surgen y se desenvuelven. En esta aproximación, se explora la relación entre los distintos organismos con los beneficiarios, así como con las instituciones de cooperación internacional para entender su accionar en la dinámica del desarrollo político y socioeconómico así como en la búsqueda de formas de desarrollo alternativas socialmente incluyentes, equitativas, participativas y empoderadoras para los grupos sociales más vulnerados de los países del Cono Sur. Para este trabajo, las fuentes analizadas son los Informes de Naciones Unidas y el Banco Mundial. En cuanto a la metodología seguida, revisaremos en primer lugar el origen y los distintos usos actuales del concepto sociedad civil y asociaciones de la sociedad civil (ASC) para luego realizar una revisión del rol de las distintas ASC en el proceso de desarrollo latinoamericano. El foco se centra en las ASC consideradas depósitos de las fuerzas de oposición y resistencia contra el sistema del capitalismo global en su forma neoliberal dominante.
The altered levels of adiponectin - leptin as predictive biomarkers to estimate the severity of prostate cancer
Authors: Tewari Reshu , Dalal Deepika , Rawat Shikha , Malik Ashish , Ghalaut Veena , Bajpai Anurag
Published: November 2022

Introduction and Aim: Prostate is one of the commonest sites of malignancy affecting elderly male population & is increasingly becoming a significant public health issue especially in countries having aging population. We hypothesized that altered levels of adiponectin-leptins may be an underlying connection between incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) and aged matched males.
 
Materials and Methods: This study was designed to comparatively corelate circulating serum levels of adiponectin & leptin in 160 elderly patients with PCa to their serum levels in 160 healthy controls. The age and body mass index in all groups were dissimilar in case and control. Based on the Gleason score of 7, =7 >7, patients were further subdivided into low, intermediate, high grades of PCa, respectively. 
 
Results: No significant statistical variance was identified in terms of age, Body mass index (BMI), Radom blood glucose, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, total cholesterol, creatinine, and BUN levels within the compared groups. In PCa patients’ group, concentration levels of serum adiponectin were significantly lower, and levels of serum leptin was significantly greater compared to healthy controls (P<0.001). Statistical analysis revealed a significant positive inverse association between PSA and adiponectin levels (r=0.285, P<0.001) and significant association between serum levels of PSA and leptin (r=0.285, P<0.001). Significant statistical correlation was also evident between BMI, PSA, TG, and leptin were whole group. However, there was no significant association observed between adiponectin or leptin level and grade of the disease.
 
Conclusion: Evaluation of data in our study suggests that patients of PCa exhibit low concentration of serum adiponectin levels and high concentration of leptin levels. Further, this association was independent of histological grading of disease of disease/disease progression as well as other biochemical parameters.
Co-relation of salivary calcium and vitamin D with dental caries - an ex-vivo study
Authors: Nireeksha  , Hegde Nidhi
Published: November 2022

Introduction and Aim: Calcium and vitamin D3 play a pivotal role in many biological functions like hard tissue mineralization and tooth formation. Both are dietary elements with a known concentration in the saliva, therefore directly affecting the rate and progression of dental caries. The aim of the study was to compare the salivary vitamin D and calcium levels in caries active and caries free adult patients.   Materials and Methods: Tarson’s saliva collection tubes were used to collect 5 ml of saliva samples from 110 patients. The supernatant obtained from the centrifuged saliva was stored at -4°C. Analysis of calcium levels was done using the Arsenazo method. Commercially available vitamin D Elisa kit (Epitope diagnostics) was used for the analysis of vitamin D levels.   Results: The mean salivary vitamin D levels were higher in the caries free group (66.57mg/dl) when compared to the caries active group (56.43mg/dl). The mean salivary calcium level was elevated in the caries free group (27.09mg/dl) when compared to the caries active group (6.84 mg/dl).   Conclusion: The filtrates in saliva play a major role in the occurrence of dental caries through a demineralization and remineralization cycle. Vitamin D in saliva causes a decrease in bacterial aggregation and biofilm formation through the protective role of peptides, causing decreased demineralization of the tooth surface and increased level of free calcium ions in the saliva.
Estimation of stature with the help of tooth length using cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Mathew Sherin , Prabhu Sudeendra , Narayanan Dhanesh , Kumar Prasanna , Jose Maji , Husain Akhter
Published: November 2022

Introduction and Aim: Stature is the primary tool in personal identification for forensic and physical anthropology for over a period. In the absence of full skeleton, the stature can be estimated from various skeletal components. Utilizing cranium and dentition measurements is simpler as these structures are fixed, grown and straight forward to locate. Few researches had been undertaken to establish the efficacy of teeth dimensions in height assessment. But we could not come across any such studies on tooth length. So, the present research was conducted to estimate the stature from tooth length using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).
 
Materials and Methods: Tooth lengths of all 4 canines were measured on digital CBCT using inbuilt software Planmeca Romexis® Software (Helsinki, Finland). Height was considered as measurement of length, from the head to toe using standard height chart. Pearson correlation test and linear regression analysis was used as a statistical tool for co-relation co-efficient and population specific formula for height assessment.
 
Results: There was a very good correlation between tooth length and stature, with r value 0.12-0.81 and p value less than 0.05. The length of the mandibular right canine had better correlation with stature followed by mandibular left canine, maxillary left canine and maxillary right canine. Regression equation was developed from tooth length, to predict stature.
 
Conclusion: Tooth length measuring using CBCT has a very good correlation with the height of the individual, as it is closer to actual length. Combined data, without sex as a parameter provides more accurate prediction. However, predication accuracy was better in females than males, when gender considered as a parameter in the regression analysis.
Effect of centrifugation force and time on the analysis of lactate dehydrogenase and potassium in the serum samples
Authors: S. Charantimath Veena , S. Bubanale Vanishree
Published: November 2022

Introduction and Aim: Any imperfection that occurs during any stage of the testing process is described as laboratory error. Increasing requirements of biochemical tests, numerous patient samples and automation has forced laboratory work to be carried out at a faster speed. Few studies are shown to investigate the influence of settings of centrifugation of less than 10 minutes on the laboratory result in serum. Thus, our study was aimed to see the effect of centrifugation force and time on the analysis of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and potassium from serum samples.
 
Methodology: Samples were collected from 61 healthy volunteers. 5ml was taken in two separate BD vacutainer serum tubes. Tube 1 was centrifuged for 2000g for 10 minutes, tube 2 for 5 minutes 3000g, and analysed for LDH and potassium.
 
Results: A significant difference was observed between 5 min (U/L) (3000g) and 10 min (U/L) (2000g) with LDH and 5 min (mmol/l) 3000g and  10 min (mmol/l) 2000g with potassium.
 
Conclusion: LDH and potassium levels were found to be raised by increasing the centrifugal force to 3000g. Hence, the standard centrifugation protocol of 10 min at 2000 or 2500 rpm is to be followed to get the accurate results.
Identification of three coagulins as MMP inhibitors from Withania coagulans Dunal fruits
Authors: V. Jaiwal Bhimrao , K. Shaikh Faiyaz , B. Patil Ajit , L. S. Hallur Raghavendra
Published: November 2022

Introduction and Aim: W. coagulans Dunal has been reported to contain an array of bioactive compounds. The present investigation was carried out to investigate MMP inhibitory molecules from W. coagulans Dunal fruit.
 
Materials and Methods: Isolation of active principle compounds and anti-ChC activity from methanol extract of W. coagulans Dunal fruit were carried out using chromatographic techniques and dot-blot assay on X-ray film. Active principle compounds were identified by ESI MS, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The Bioefficacy of compounds was assessed by in vitro solution assay and gelatin zymography.
 
Results: Dot blot assay of methanol extract of W. coagulans Dunal fruit exhibited inhibitory activity against ChC (Clostridium histolyticum collagenase). Bioactivity assay guided chromatographic fractionation revealed the presence of five compounds out of which three were tentatively identified as Coagulin-H, Coagulin-L, and Coagulin-O by ESI MS, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. In vitro solution assay revealed Coagulin-H exhibits the highest MMP-2 and MMP-9  inhibitory activity. Coagulin-L and Coagulin-O exhibit 80.57 ± 2.1 % and 70.96 ± 2.8 % inhibitor activities against MMP-2 and 78.94 ± 3.6% and 63.15 ± 3.8% inhibitor activities against MMP-9 at 150 µg/ml respectively. In gel inhibition assay by gelatin zymography revealed that crude extracted residue of fruit exhibits dose-dependent inhibitory potential against MMPs of NIH3T3 fibroblast and HeLa cervical cells.
 
Conclusion: Our results advocate the anti-MMP potential of purified Coagulin-H, Coagulin-L, and Coagulin-O of W. coagulans Dunal fruits. These bioactive principles could be further investigated in detail for anti-cancer properties.
Cytotoxic effect of cloned EGFP gene on NCI-H727 cell line via genetically engineered gene transfer system
Authors: Muhi Rasoul Lubna , Ali Marhoon Abeer , Fadhel Abbas Albaayit Shaymaa , Waleed Ali Rusul , Hadi Saleh Tahreer , Abdullah Laftah Al-Rubaii Bahaa
Published: November 2022

Introduction and Aim: Cancers are a complex group of genetic illnesses that develop through multistep, mutagenic processes which can invade or spread throughout the body. Recent advances in cancer treatment involve oncolytic viruses to infect and destroy cancer cells. The Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an oncolytic virus has shown to have anti-cancer effects either directly by lysing cancer cells or indirectly by activating the immune system. The green fluorescent protein (GFP) has been widely used in studying the anti-tumor activity of oncolytic viruses. This study aimed to study the anticancer effect of a recombinant rNDV-GFP clone on NCI-H727 lung carcinoma cell line in vitro.
 
Materials and Methods: The GFP gene was inserted to a NDV strain to create a recombinant NDV (rNDV- GFP) using reverse genetics technology. The MTT assay was used in evaluating the oncolytic effect of rNDV- GFP on the lung carcinoma NCI-H727 cells. Light and fluorescent microscopy was used to study the cytopathic effects of rNDV-GFP.
 
Results: MTT assay showed that rNDV-GPF inhibited the NCI-H727 tumor cell death in a time-dependent manner. A significant inhibitory effect (78.3%) for rNDV-GPF on cancer cells was observed at 96h in comparison to rNDV (22.7%) and the cytotoxicity rate was directly proportional to the MOI used. Microscopic studies showed rNDV-GPF to induce cytopathic effect post 24 h of infection.
 
Conclusion: The GFP-expressing recombinant NDV strains exhibited encouraging results in terms of tumor growth inhibition. Our research set the groundwork for employing recombinant NDV as an anticancer viral vector.
A study of scrub typhus in a medical college hospital in West Bengal, India
Authors: Mondal Tapati , Sarkar Abhik , Rahaman Julius , Das Gupta Subhayan
Published: November 2022

Introduction and Aim: Scrub typhus is one of the leading causes of acute unexplained fever in children. The objective of this study was to determine the serological evidence of scrub typhus and associated clinical features in febrile children.
 
Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study was performed for a duration of 21 months. Children aged below 12 years, admitted with unexplained fever and other clinical features suggestive of scrub typhus and tested for IgM against scrub typhus were included in our study. A detailed history, clinical profile and sero-prevalence of the children were analysed from record files.
 
Results: Four hundred and seventy one clinically suspected patients of below 12 years were tested for scrub typhus. Out of 471, 172 children were scrub typhus positive. Maximum number of positive cases were detected between the month of August and November. Fever was present in all patients. Nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, cough, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, rash, convulsion and jaundice were other presenting clinical features. Eschar was observed only in 2.91% cases.
 
Conclusion: Scrub typhus is to be suspected in every children present with unexplained fever. Early diagnosis and early initiation of specific therapy is crucial for favourable outcome.
Online learning during COVID-19 pandemic –Medical students’ perception
Authors: M. Bhat Bhagyajyothi , P. Khadilkar Niranjan , B.V. Mamatha , P. Keerthana , Shreya Crasta Preeval , D’Souza Vivian
Published: November 2022

Introduction and Aim: A sudden shift of medical education from physical class teaching to online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic created concern in both the students and teachers. The aim of the study is to evaluate the perception of medical students towards online learning during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.
 
Materials and Methods: This observational study included all the MBBS students of our institution. The study was conducted after obtaining ethical clearance from the Institutional Ethics Committee. A validated questionnaire was used to collect the information. The data was analysed using the statistical software SPSS-28. Demographic variables were expressed in terms of frequencies and percentages. Data was analysed using Chi square test and Mann Whitney U test. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
 
Results: Five hundred sixty-five students of both genders out of total 600 (94%) participated. 54.3% experienced online classes for the first time and 48.1% studied online for 3-6 hrs. They liked recorded MP4 videos of their own teachers. Majority felt that online classes should be more interactive. They did not want the online classes to continue after the pandemic and opined that online classes cannot replace classroom teaching. Majority agreed that online learning saved time of travel, saves cost, was flexible but practical knowledge and interaction with teachers and patients was lacking. They experienced additional stress and their examination results are affected.
 
Conclusion: Online learning is a less effective mode for learning practical skills and may be used as a supplementary mode to teach a few elective topics.
Screening of B-cell epitopes of Der-p1 and Der-p2 major aeroallergens by computational approach for designing immunotherapeutics
Authors: Reddy  S. V. Varsha , Mudnakudu-Nagaraju Kiran Kumar
Published: November 2022

Introduction and Aim: Allergic diseases are IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions affecting approximately 30% of the general population globally. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der-p) is the most prevalent house dust mite (HDM) species consisting of 23 mite allergen groups. Among these, group 1 and 2 are major allergenic proteins, which causes allergic asthma in 80% of sensitized individuals, with elevated IgE titres in the serum. This study involves in silico analysis of potential B-cell epitopes of group 1 and group 2 of Der-p, which can be utilized in designing immunotherapeutic vaccines.
 
Materials and Methods: Allergen sequences obtained from the database- International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS), for predicting of B-cell epitopes. The physiochemical properties and secondary structures of the obtained sequence were evaluated. The sequences were further subjected to determining antigenicity, surface accessibility, and prediction of linear and discontinuous B-cell epitope by utilizing IEDB tools.
 
Results: The linear and discontinuous B-cell epitopes of Der-p1 and Der-p2 aeroallergen were predicted. Further, Der-p1 and Der-p2 showed 6 linear epitopes each respectively. Conformational epitopes predicted were 123 of Der-p1 and 72 of Der-p2 respectively, by the ElliPro tool. Based on the structure, antigenicity, and surface accessibility, only 10% of Der-p1 and Der-p2 which binds to B-cell epitopes are linear and the majority are discontinuous.
 
Conclusion: The linear and conformational epitopes of Der-p1 and Der-p2 are predicted using in silico tools. These identified epitopes might be useful for developing epitope-based immunotherapeutics for HDM allergy.
IDENTIFIKASI AMPHETAMINE, METHAMPETAMINE DALAM URINE SISWA SMA “X” METODE STRIP STICK
Authors: Aruan Dyna Grace Romatua , Siahaan Maniur Arianto
Published: November 2022

Amphetamines called alpha-methyl-phenethylamine, beta-phenyl-isopropylamine, or benzedrine are a class of simulants used to treat hyperactivity disorder due to inattention in adults and children. Methamphetamine is a drug that belongs to the amphetamine class. It works the same way as amphetamine can increase alertness, concentration, and when taken at high doses can cause euphoria. In general, marijuana is used through cigarettes, including the hallucinogenic drug group and class 1 drugs. The harmful impact of drugs on adolescents and especially for students is that drug use can cause negative effects that will cause mental and behavioral disturbances in a person, resulting in disruption of the neuro-transmitter system in the brain. nerves in the brain. Amphetamine and methampetamine levels were lowest in stems, roots and seeds, while the highest levels were found in flowers, sap and leaves. The type of research carried out is a qualitative analysis with the method of examining samples using ICT (Imunochromatography Test) with amphetamine and methamphetamine strips/sticks. The population in this study were 15 students of class XI SMA "X". The research conducted, took all the urine of class XI students. The urine collection process was carried out at the "X" School and then examined directly at the Science Laboratory in March 2022. The results of the overall urine sample examination were negative for amphetamine and methampetamine.
PENERAPAN LKS BERBASIS CTL PADA PERUBAHAN MATERI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA PAKET B DI MASA COVID – 19 PADA SPNF KOTA BANDA ACEH
Authors: Prasetia Aulia , Ismulyati Sri , Damayanti Rizki
Published: November 2022

A research has been carried out with the theme "Implementation of CTL-Based Worksheets on Material Changes to Increase Student Learning Motivation in Package B during the Covid-19 Period at SPNF Banda Aceh City". This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the application of Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL)-based LKS on material changes used in SPNF SKB Banda Aceh and to determine student responses to the application of Contextual Teaching And Learning (CTL)-based LKS on material changes in SPNF SKB. Banda Aceh City. The benefits of this research are for students, the LKS Module can be used as a learning resource, so that it can increase interest in learning chemistry, and can relate the material to the surrounding environment; For teachers, the LKS Module can be used as teaching materials to assist teachers in creating interesting and interactive learning situations; For schools, this research is expected to contribute to improving the conditions of chemistry learning so that it can create a better quality of education in the future. In this research, the method of observation, test (pre-test and post-test) and questionnaire. The results of this study indicate a positive response as evidenced by the data generated.
The Concept of the Classic in Literature, Cinema, and Adaptations
Authors: Arlauskaitė Natalija
Published: November 2022

This article discusses differences in the concept of classicality in literature and cinema and the repercussions of these differences for the cultural role of film adaptations. The author of the article focuses first on the idea of classicality as a mechanism for the consolidation of different types of communities, and on how this mechanism functions on the level of the reception of a canon and the rules of its interpretation. What is significant here is not only the formation of a corpus of canonical texts, but also the support of cultural practices which function as a type of net in the reading and understanding of something seen as a “classic” text. These cultural practices are “reading protocols” that determine whether or not a text is seen as a classic. The author then discusses differences in how classics and classicality function in literature and film – how cinematographic innovation can fail to support and can even undermine the status of a canonical literary text and the collective experience of it. In this case, what is most important is that the normative forms created in literature and film, and which support cultural hierarchies, statuses and reputations within the broad field of culture, are not symetrical.In the study of adaptations, this conceptual asymetry is especially important in discusssions of adaptations of literary classics in different types of cinema – in indepedent as opposed to mainstream films. If a classic is adapted for an independent film – which is often characterized by idiosyncratic poetics, a distinct distance from tradition, and a disregard for national boundaries, and which appeals to specific groups of viewers rather than a universal audience – it is unlikely that reinforcement of tradition and consolidation of large (national) communities will take place. If it is adapted for dominant, mainstream cinema, a classic’s classicality (understood as very general stylistic and narrative norms) risks unrecognizably unifying the entire canon, spanning different periods, and according it a unified reception protocol.Besides other reasons, support of the “classic” fails to take place and the regime of adaptation falls apart or is blocked from the very beginning, when the specificities of the functioning of cinematic form (first of all, genre) work against the normativity of “the classic”. Another reason that can cause the disruption or interruption of the regime of adaptation is the “foreign” literary classic, which can only partially, if at all, enter into a “local” literary canon.
War Experience: Shaping Memory and the Future (Algirdas Landsbergis and Kurt Vonnegut)
Authors: Vedrickaitė Imelda
Published: November 2022

Landsbergis’ and Vonnegut’s novels bear witness to the catastrophe of war in order to appeal to future generations. Vonnegut was a regular Allied soldier and prisoner of war, and his novel exposes the Western cynicism that justifies one crime with another. The novel announces the destruction of the values of human life and dignity, held so high in the West; these values serve only as a smokescreen for a war, and its hero cannot bear the peace and well-being that follow. For Landsbergis, a war refugee from occupied Lithuania, the situation is different. Because he did not identify with either side in the conflict, his testimony about his experience inspires the hope that it is possible to escape from the roles of both victim and perpetrator. Landsbergis’ literary and political activities directed him and his efforts toward one goal: to understand the reasons behind destructive historical upheavals and to find a way to alter the effects of historical catastrophes. His characters seek to overcome the boundaries of the holy-demonic realm of destruction, to restore lost possibilities for joy and harmonious existence. Landsbergis’ prose revolts against the tragic fate of the average person. He creates an image of a hero who, armed with the magical powers of art, rejects the fear of death and ruling power. Here, the human being is revealed as a hero who cancels out the destructive power of fate. Landsbergis ritualizes the path of preserving life – it becomes not only the death-fearing mortal’s chain of choices, but also an act of internal transformation. One individual’s experience and conquest of fear become an historical image. Its source is individual will and the author’s testimony to the value of life and human dignity. The miraculous nature of Landsbergis’ texts – the appearance of the godly and the demonic – is an effort to come to terms with the isolating nature of historical experience, to understand the destruction wrought by chaos as part of a divine plan.
Autobiography and Soviet Lithuanian Women Writers
Authors: Daugirdaitė Solveiga
Published: November 2022

This article focuses on autobiographies by women writers published in the last, two-volume version of a collection titled Tarybinių lietuvos rašytojų autobiografijos (Autobiographies of Soviet Lithuanian Writers), published in 1989 (previous versions appeared in 1957, 1967, and 1977). Solveiga Daugirdaitė explores what women writers felt it was appropriate to say about themselves to their society, and what can be gleaned from their statements about the nature of that society, the strengths and weaknesses it accorded its female members, the demands it made on them, the “spirit of the times”, and so on. Examining these autobiographies, she tries to reconstruct that social actor’s – the Soviet woman author’s – collective and individual identity, her courage and her fear of revealing herself, and the tension between her roles as public persona and “regular woman”. In Soviet Lithuania, although women writers’ professional work accorded them a place within that patriarchal, dominant society’s elite, they remained secondary players within it. Seeking to be recognized as equals, these women writers presented themselves as professionals, and for this reason their public accomplishments have pride of place in the autobiographies. The goal of this article is to decode what is nevertheless said about their private lives, as much as it is possible to separate that from the public. In reading women’s autobiographies from this period, it is therefore appropriate to draw both on the traditions for studying women’s autobiography, as well as studies of documents from the Soviet period.
The Identity of the Lyric Subject in Marcelijus Martinaitis’ Collection of Poems K.B. Įtariamas
Authors: Rėklaitytė Akvilė
Published: November 2022

The author of this article explores the identity of the lyric subject in Marcelijus Martinaitis’ most recent collection of poems, K.B. Įtariamas (K.B. is Suspect, 2004). The tension between the subject and the contemporary world that characterizes the entire collection can be seen as an extended exploration of the theme of identity that has run through earlier collections by Martinaitis, in which the subject consistently mediates between local archaic culture and modernity. Although, at first glance, the subject of these new poems appears to have adapted successfully to globalization, there remain thresholds at which an ambivalence about this new identity is revealed.In describing this liminal, threshold state, the author of the article draws on British anthropologist Victor Turner’s theory of structure and its “interstices” and anti-structures (or communitas), which examines rituals of passage from one state to another. Communitas can be understood only through the relationship with an established structure. Similarly, the liminality of Martinaitis’ poetic subject reveals itself through the relationship with a dominant and self-disciplining postmodern reality.The author concludes that the lyric subject’s partial existence in Turner’s structural interstices can also be explained simply as the artist’s rebelliousness and characteristic sensitivity; at the same time, it can be seen as mediating a different system of meaning – as the memory of self of the “native” of an archaic community. But Martinaitis’ subject is not satisfied to remain in the dominant system’s interstices: he is determined to leave his previous state and to go over to the other side, to live by other rules and the new norms that prevail there. In Martinaitis’ last collection, as in his earlier ones, poetry is relied upon as a rite of passage, the purpose of which is to tame a foreign world – to find harmony between the self, the world, and others. What remains problematic is that this new world is anti-ritual, and no longer believes in interconnection.
Vienas sargybinis (Kalba, pasakyta priimant LLTI premiją už kūrybiškiausią 2013 m. knygą Šventųjų gyvenimai)
Authors: Granauskas Romualdas
Published: November 2022

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Ledo litva, akmens atmintis, aš ir Gediminas
Authors: Baliutytė Elena
Published: November 2022

Skirmantas Valentas, Kalbos stigmos poezijoje: (Prō)nōmen, Šiauliai: VšĮ Šiaulių universiteto leidykla, 2012, 296 p., ISBN 978-609-430-159-9
Dialogas su hermeneutikos tradicija
Authors: Čičelis Ramūnas
Published: November 2022

Aušra Jurgutienė, Literatūros suvokimo menas: Hermeneutikos tradicija, Vilnius: Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas, 2013, 464 p. ISBN 978-609-425-107-8
Historiographic Metafiction: Structural Adaptation of Linda Hutcheon’s Theory as Strategy for Understanding the Poetics of the Historical Novel
Authors: Ivanauskaitė Jurgita
Published: November 2022

The author of this article discusses theoretical approaches for analyzing the contemporary historical novel. The goal of the article is to present Canadian author Linda Hutcheon’s theory of historiographic metafiction as a tool suitable for the interpretation of discursive poetics in the postmodern, as well as the modern, historical novel. Ivanauskaitė reviews Hutcheon’s interpretation of the postmodern historical novel, and then argues that this theory is an instrument that can be adapted to the study of various other types of contemporary historical prose. The article explores connections between literary and historical inter/para-texts.Grounding the concept of historiographic metafiction in the principle of the independence (or coexistence) of literature and history allows attention to be focused on the literary aspect of historiographic metafiction – to analyze it as representation of historical and all cultural reality, and to identify its meanings by highlighting literary forms of expression. An example of this could be the metafictional poetics of irony and parody – their exclusive position and role in the rewriting (altering) of historical and literary representations.While the concept of historiographic metafiction is fundamentally grounded in Hutcheon’s theory, its narrative content is open. The author of this article demonstrates that it can be complemented (expanded) by using, for example, the analytical methods of Gérard Genette and other narrative theorists to examine the genres and cultural articulation of different historical novels. Innovative structural adaptation of this theory is therefore possible. Moreover, the historiographic metafictional approach makes it possible to construct (create) concrete comparative methods for studying contemporary historical novels. She comes to the conclusion that, as a distinct theoretical approach for examining the contemporary historical novel (or other genres of historical prose), historiographic metafiction consists of three strata: the intranarrative, the paranarrative, and the discursive. To illustrate this, she presents an analysis of Herkus Kunčius’s novel Nepasigalėti Dušanskio (Don’t Pity Dušanskis).
A discussion on methodology for researching soviet literary space (Concluding discussion of the conference “Literary Field Under the Communist Regime: Structure, Functions, Illusio,” October 7–9, 2015.
Authors: Kelertas Violeta
Published: November 2022

A discussion on methodology for researching soviet literary space (Concluding discussion of the conference “Literary Field Under the Communist Regime: Structure, Functions, Illusio,” October 7–9, 2015. Moderated by Prof. Violeta Kelertas, with the participation of Prof. Marina Balina, Prof. Katerina Clark, Dr. Violeta Davoliūtė, Prof. Evgeny Dobrenko, Prof. Wolfgang Emmerich, Dr. Vilius Ivanauskas, Prof. Aušra Jurgutienė, Dr. Mindaugas Kvietkauskas, Dr. Dalia Satkauskytė).
Literary and Commercial Texts – Together, Alongside, Separately
Authors: Jakonytė Loreta
Published: November 2022

Dainius Vaitiekūnas, Lietuvių literatūra ir reklama: Vartotojų visuomenės poezija: Monografija, Vilnius: Lietuvos edukologijos universitetas, 2014, 196 p., ISBN 978-9955-20-926-3.
The Landscape of Lithuanian E(Migration) Axiology
Authors: Laurušaitė Laura
Published: November 2022

Lietuviškumo ribos: Tautinių vertybių kaita XX amžiaus pabaigos – XXI amžiaus pradžios lietuvių (e)migrantų autorių literatūroje, Vilnius: Edukologija, 2013, 294 p., ISBN 978-9955-20-925-6.
Who’se on Top? Distributions of Power Relations in Lithuanian Children’s Fiction of the 1940s–1950s
Authors: Jakonytė Loreta
Published: November 2022

Up to the Second World War, representations of family relations in Lithuanian children’s literature follow a strict authoritarian model: parents (especially fathers) hold the reigns of power, and children are usually shown as obedient and mindful of parental advice. On the other hand, early Soviet-era texts show a sudden surge in family conflicts: sons argue with fathers, grandchildren lecture grandmothers, brother and sisters bicker. This interpretative shift calls for an examination of the representations of power dynamics offered to readers of that era. This article examines 1940s to 1950s prose in order to understand who in the family seeks to and succeeds in influencing other members; the sources of tensions; and the different kinds of arguments deployed. The author reveals how Soviet ideology and socialist realist aesthetics dismantled an earlier image of the family: disagreements are often depicted in political terms, devotion to the family is belittled in favor of responsibilities towards collective labour, and inter-generational hierarchies are reordered. Parental authority was especially damaged: there is an increase in situations in which parents’ dominion in the family is negated or their decisions challenged, their authority superseded by extra-familial worldviews and behaviors – ideologically progressive contemporaries or other adults. This change in paradigm was especially damaging to the image of the mother – she is often represented as a narrow-minded woman who is frustrated in her attempts to control her children and who ultimately becomes powerless, reserved, and focused on housework. The time period chosen for this analysis makes it possible to identify the appearance, peak, and ebb of this interpretation of family relations – in 1950s works the struggle for power begins to subside and parents regain their authority within the family.
Nepriklausomos Lietuvos rašto apžvalga
Authors: Aistis Jonas , Žvirgždas Manfredas
Published: November 2022

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Giliausia čionykščio lietuvio žaizda
Authors: Aistis Jonas , Žvirgždas Manfredas
Published: November 2022

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Apie naratologiją ir pasakojimus. Dainius Vaitiekūnas kalbina JAV naratologą Geraldą Prince’ą
Authors: Vaitiekūnas Dainius
Published: November 2022

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Pokalbiai kaip patirčių atverties ir prasmių kūrimo laukas
Authors: Švedas Aurimas
Published: November 2022

Nevienareikšmės situacijos: Pokalbiai apie sovietmečio literatūros lauką, sudarė Rimantas Kmita, Vilnius: Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas, 2015, 568 p., ISBN 978-609-425-143-6
Communication Models in Twentieth Century (Interwar) Lithuanian Children’s Periodicals: Children’s Literary Awards
Authors: Vaisvalavičienė Kristina
Published: November 2022

This article presents the first study of the reception of children’s literature contests (organised by the Lithuanian Red Cross in 1933–1939) and their winning entries in the Lithuanian children’s periodicals Žiburėlis (Flicker), Saulutė (Little Sun), Kregždutė (Little Swallow), Žvaigždutė (Little Star), and Vyturys (Skylark). With this study the author attempts to determine the role played by these periodicals in establishing the tradition of awards for children’s literature and in strengthening the status of children’s authors. In the article she examines which institutional and addressee communication models were created and what determined their choice.The study draws on the theoretical approach of sociology of literature (Pierre Bourdieu), institutional (Denis McQuail) and narrative communications (Seymour Chatman) schemes, and specific theoretical aspects of children’s literature (Emer O’Sullivan).The first to participate in the children’s literature discourse was the magazine Žiburėlis, published by the Lithuanian Red Cross. The magazine established an especially close correlative contact with its addressee – the child. The magazines Žvaigždutė and Vyturys became involved in this process to a much lesser degree – the communication they created balanced between neutral informing and correlative mediation. These periodicals manipulated the discourse about contests – by emphasizing their relationships with the award-winning writers they increased their symbolic capital. The other magazines did not enter the discourse around contests. The article also touches on the question of international communication by discussing the reception of children’s literature in the Latvian press.
“A few miraculously memorable phrases helped me find my way”
Authors: Grybauskas Almis , Butnoriūtė Neringa
Published: November 2022

Neringa Butnoriūtė speaks with the poet and translator Almis Grybauskas
Self-awareness, or On the Baltic Relationship to the World
Authors: Kvašytė Regina
Published: November 2022

Baltiška, tautinė, regioninė savimonė baltų literatūrose ir kultūrose = Baltiskā, tautiskā, reģionālā pašapziņa baltu literatūrās un kultūrās = Baltic, national, regional identity in Baltic literatures and cultures: Straipsnių rinkinys, sudarė ir parengė Vigmantas Butkus, Viktorija Jonkutė, Vilnius: Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas, 2015, 267 [2] p. ISBN 978-609-425-146-7
Impossible Poetics, or Aesopic Language in Relation to Semiotics and Literary Sociology
Authors: Satkauskytė Dalia
Published: November 2022

The author of this article discusses the tradition of studying Aesopic language and comes to the conclusion that textual analysis of this phenomenon and descriptions of its poetics and semantic mechanisms are inadequate if they do not take the social dimension into account. She recommends seeing Aesopic language as a sociopoetic form whose poetics are inseparable from conditions of reception, and whose aesthetics are rooted in a historically defined communication situation and dependent on the conditions of social production. Choosing this concept of Aesopic langauge allows the author to reveal a wide circle of questions that are connected to how literature functions under conditions of political censorship: how the social context becomes incorporated into the semantics of Aesopic language; what effect literary tradition and its use in indirect political criticism have on how Aesopic language functions in society; what were the conditions of artistic communication during the Soviet period and what these say about the structure of the literary field; the effect of the political field; the status of the artist; the role of literature under the conditions of the communist regime, and so on. In her exploration of these questions the author offers two complementary theoretical approaches – semiotics and literary sociology. The semiotic approach allows her to accurately identify the communications model according to which Aesopic language functioned and to reveal the risks inherent in it, and also to show how Aesopic language affected society as both a process and an ideological passional structure. The sociological approach leads her to explore the role of Aesopic language within the literary field, to discuss some of that field’s actors’ positions and tendencies, and to consider how self-censorship functions in the case of Aesopic language and how it inserts itself into the habitus of that field’s actor. This attempt to conceptualize Aesopic language opens a path to considerations about the history of Lithuanian literature of the Soviet period.
Marcelijus Martinaitis’s Cultural “Crafting”
Authors: Rėklaitytė Akvilė
Published: November 2022

From a theoretical perspective, literary anthropologists (e.g., Stephen Greenblatt, Clifford Geertz) view poems, letters, and social behavior as cultural documents that are valuable in their own right; their careful reading can unpack a certain image or trope that functions as a self-interpretive concept in a culture. Reading Martinaitis’s text in this way reveals the poet’s sociocultural and aesthetic stance. The author of the article proposes that this stance can be seen as an instance of anthropological poetics, which she defines as poetry’s synergistic working on aesthetic levels and within social life. She sees poetry, on the other hand, as one of numerous and equivalent cultural modes of being which are capable of compensating for actual social practices.The images of woodworking, carpentry, and craftsmanship appear repeatedly in Martinaitis’s text. Martinaitis crafts his poetic world like an ensemble of wooden sculptures or a collage of objects. The author comes to the conclusion that Martinaitis’s poetry functions as a substitute for an inherited cultural movement – the practice of craftsmanship. This enables her to discuss Martinaitis’s cultural stance using Hannah Arendt’s concept of homo faber.
Textological Opportunities and the Study of Balys Sruogas’s Dievų miškas (Forest of Gods)
Authors: Pabarčienė Reda
Published: November 2022

Neringa Markevičienė, Balio Sruogos kūrinio Dievų miškas rašymo ir redagavimo istorija: Monografija, serija „Lietuvių tekstologijos studijos“ III, Vilnius:Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas, 2014, 549 p., ISBN 978-609-425-138-2
The Individual and the Holocaust in Icchockas Meras’s Stalemate
Authors: Raškevičiūtė Jurgita Žana
Published: November 2022

This article discusses one of the most important Lithuanian twentieth century novels about the Holocaust – Icchokas Meras’s Stalemate (Lygiosios trunka akimirką, 1963; English translation, 2005). The main goal of the article is contribute to the work’s reception with a thorough discussion of how Meras depicts the individual’s relationship to the Holocaust.The article argues that the novel’s three narrative levels represent three different ways a person could respond to the Holocaust. The stories about the Lipman family’s children, which are told in the novel’s evennumbered chapters, are discussed as raising the question of the relationship between the morality that applies in comfortable, everyday situations and the situation of a person who is forced to make moral decisions in extreme circumstances. The story of the relationships between Isaac Lipman and his friends Esther and Janek, which is presented in the novel’s odd-numbered chapters, is discussed as a story reflecting of people resisting the world’s ghettoization. The main form of resistance against the model of human relations imposed by the Nazi regime is the preservation of neighbourly relations between people of different nationalities – as a way of countering the rational “good sense” that is dictated by the instinct to survive.Isaac and the ghetto commander Schoger’s chess game is seen as capturing the essence of the novel: the battle between two stances regarding the individual’s innate morality represents what happened to Western civilization in the middle of the twentieth century. Isaac’s final decision shows us that a person’s morality does not depend on circumstances but upon a free act of internal will, and it is this perspective on the Holocaust that appeared meaningful to the author of the article.