bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate change impact on the estimation of reference evapotranspiration, water requirement, and irrigation requirement in irrigated areas (a case study: Bardsir plain)
Authors: Rajabi Morteza , Jalalkamali Navid , Naghizadeh Mahdi
Published: February 2022

Climate change impacts have been felt deeply by farmers of the Bardsir region, which is situated in the southeast of Iran. The current research focuses on the climate change impacts on the region's agricultural sector by the horizon of 2051. In the first step, by means of data generated by two micro lysimeters, the best-localized formula for estimating reference evapotranspiration was derived. Then the irrigation requirements of wheat, barley, rape, corn, alfalfa, potato, and onion crops were estimated by GFDL-ESM2M and Had GEM2-ES model outputs with two scenarios, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. According to the findings, under both scenarios, the irrigation requirements of all plants will be increasing. Assuming that the current water consumption patterns remain unchanged, this will increase the total annual water demand of the plain from its present value of 331.9 to 369.66 million cubic meters (MCM) in the RCP4.5 scenario and 375.58 MCM in the RCP8.5 scenario based on GFDL-ESM2M model output. These values would be 345.11 and 349.85 MCM for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively, based on Had GEM2-ES model output by 2051. To conserve the current cultivation area, GCM models indicate, under a pessimistic scenario, even after modernizing the irrigation systems of the region the plain will encounter negative balance due to groundwater overdraft.
Soil loss estimation and prioritization using geographic information systems and the RUSLE model: a case study of the Anger River sub-basin, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Moisa Mitiku Badasa , Dejene Indale Niguse , Merga Biratu Bobo , Gemeda Dessalegn Obsi
Published: February 2022

Soil erosion is a major environmental problem that affects people's livelihoods and environmental health, particularly in developing countries. The present study aimed to identify soil erosion hotspot areas and prioritization in the Anger River sub-basin for conservation planning. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model and geospatial technologies were adopted to identify soil erosion hotspot areas and prioritization of the sub-watershed for conservation planning. Key parameters such as rainfall data, soil data, slope length and steepness factor, cover management, and conservation practices were used to estimate potential soil erosion risk in the sub-watershed. The results showed that the annual soil loss rate in the Anger River Sub-basin ranged between 0 and 932.6 t/ha/year with a mean annual soil loss of 83.7 t/ha/year. About 1,140.7 km2 (43.6%) and 220.6 km2 (8.4%) were categorized under very severe and severe soil loss types, respectively. The mid- and upstream areas, as well as the steeper parts of the sub-watershed, were highly exposed to soil erosion. This research provides tangible evidence in the decision-making process for soil and water conservation practices at a sub-watershed scale. Moreover, further research should be conducted at a micro-watershed scale to minimize the effects of soil erosion on the health and sustainability of the watershed.
Antimicrobial effect of the hydrodynamic action of 1 and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite in infected root canals
Authors: Valéria Teixeira de Andrade  , Orlando Aguirre Guedes  , Lucas Rodrigues de Araújo Estrela  , Luiz Evaristo Ricci Volpato  , Alexandre Meireles Borba  , Cyntia Rodrigues de Araújo Estrela
Published: February 2022

The mouth has various microorganisms that can live in the free form, called planktonic, or in organized groups, called biofilm. Objective: To determine the antimicrobial effect of the hydrodynamic action of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on the biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis with different of maturity biofilms. Material and methods: Sixty bovine incisors were decoronated, prepared, inoculated with E. faecalis, and examined after 7, 14, 28, and 60 days. Eppendorf tubes were connected to the coronal portion of the root. Urethane hoses were attached to the tubes and to the entrance of a peristaltic pump. The test irrigating was 1 and 2.5% NaOCl solutions that circulated at a constant flow of 50 mL min-1 for 20 min. Samples from the root canals were collected before and after the use of NaOCl solutions, and the bacterial growth was analyzed using turbidity of culture medium followed by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Results: All protocols showed a significant reduction of the optical density of the culture medium (p < 0,05). However, none of them promoted the complete elimination of E. faecalis. Conclusion: The hydrodynamic action of 1 and 2.5% NaOCl solutions reduced the microorganisms of the biofilm, but it was not sufficient to inactivate E. faecalis in different of maturity biofilms.
Alterações bucais e qualidade de vida dos pacientes em tratamento quimioterápico
Authors: Bruna Bezerra Amaral  , Náira Laísa Lima de Marins Sampaio  , Eduardo Sérgio Donato Duarte Filho  , Raniel Fernandes Peixoto  , Marianne de Vasconcelos Carvalho  , Stefânia Jeronimo Ferreira
Published: February 2022

A quimioterapia é o tratamento mais amplamente utilizado para o câncer. Entre os seus efeitos indesejáveis, podem-se citar manifestações bucais como mucosite e xerostomia. Objetivos: Identificar alterações bucais causadas pelo tratamento quimioterápico e avaliar o impacto da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida de pacientes submetidos a essa modalidade de tratamento. Materiais e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal e descritivo desenvolvido em uma unidade de referência em tratamento oncológico no sertão brasileiro. A amostra foi constituída de 68 pacientes em tratamento quimioterápico que participaram das seguintes etapas: preencher uma ficha de coleta de dados pessoais sobre a saúde bucal e o tratamento quimioterápico; responder ao questionário Oral Health Impact Profile; e realizar exame físico intraoral para detectar alterações bucais. Resultados: As complicações bucais mais identificadas na amostra estudada foram xerostomia (60,3%), mucosite (39,7%) e ardência (27,9%). A presença de problemas gengivais e ardência bucal demonstrou correlação positiva com a mucosite (p = 0,000). O impacto da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida da amostra estudada foi considerado baixo (média de 5,40, numa escala de 0–28), no entanto pacientes com e sem mucosite apresentaram médias 8,28 e 3,33, respectivamente, o que demonstrou correlação estatisticamente significativa entre a presença da mucosite e a qualidade de vida (p = 0,002). Conclusão: Xerostomia e mucosite foram as alterações bucais mais frequentes, e a presença da mucosite oral impactou negativamente na qualidade de vida dos pacientes em tratamento quimioterápico.
Use of midazolam for behavioral management in dental care of a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a case report
Authors: Isabela Ribeiro Madalena  , Mariana Vieira Paskakulis  , Carolina Paes Torres  , Alexandra Mussolino de Queiroz  , Francisco Wanderley Garcia Paula-Silva
Published: February 2022

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental condition characterized by variations in levels of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Such symptoms may be even more exacerbated when the patient is exposed to dental care. Objective: To present a case report of behavioral management in a patient with ADHD, emphasizing the use of sedation techniques such as oral sedation drugs and inhalation conscious sedation. Case report: A 10-year-old patient was referred to the basic health unit due to the difficulty of behavioral management during dental treatment. It was reported by the guardian that the patient presents ADHD and is under continuous medication. The dental examination revealed that the patient needed an endodontic treatment on tooth 46, an extraction of residual root of tooth 36, and oral health education strategies. Preventive strategies were successfully carried out through detailed verbal communication, but, in a subsequent session, the patient presented acute symptoms on tooth 46. The dental team chose to proceed to a tooth extraction under inhalation conscious sedation with nitrous oxide/oxygen for care optimization. Even though the procedure was performed, the sedation strategy did not show satisfactory results. Due to this circumstance, the extraction of the residual root (36) was performed by oral drug sedation without any intercurrence. Conclusion: Behavioral management in a patient with ADHD was optimized by verbal communication and the use of oral drug sedation.
effect of using various tea types on the characteristics of wong tea balinese tradisional beverage
Authors: Antarini Anak Agung Nanak , Agustini Ni Putu , Mataram I Komang Agusjaya
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to determine the effect of various types of tea solutions on the characteristics of Wong Tea. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) of 4 treatments with various types of tea solutions with 4 replications. The results showed that there were significant differences in the organoleptic quality including the taste, aroma, and color of Wong tea. The results of the research on pH, total acid, alcohol content, and total soluble solid showed no significant difference. The pH of Wong tea ranged from pH 3.28 - pH 3.35, total soluble solid ranged from 13.90°Brix - 13.95°Brix, total acidity of Wong tea ranged from 1.58% - 1.72%. The alcohol content of Wong tea ranges from 0.33% - 0.41%. The results of this study also showed that there was a significant difference in antioxidant activity and phenol levels of Wong tea, i.e., the antioxidant capacity of Wong tea ranged from 6.50% - 7.30%.  The components that act as antioxidants in Wong tea ingredients come from phenolic compounds. Phenol levels in Wong tea ranged from 125.80 mg% - 141.10 mg%.
Immersing Japanese students into English language learning: Songs, games and cultures
Authors: Syafryadin Syafryadin , Boulahnane Saad
Published: February 2022

Learning English for Japanese is not as easy as people think. Teachers should provide a way to immerse Japanese students. Therefore, this study aimed to understand how Japanese English teachers immersed students in learning English, what challenges that students and teachers were facing and their perceptions toward the International Work Camp. This case study collected the data from 20 students and 10 teachers from various countries using interviews and an observation checklist. The data were analyzed in several steps, starting from data collection, data reduction, data display to data conclusion. The findings of this study show that Japanese and non-Japanese teachers collaborated to immerse students in attractive teaching ways, such as drilling techniques, gaming, singing, using cards, playing outside, grouping, etc. Besides, teachers also kept motivating and reinforcing them to speak English. Furthermore, students’ barriers in speaking were pronunciation, anxiety, grammar, vocabulary, and less practice. Problems were not only faced by students as teachers also had hindrances. Therefore, through the International Work Camp, students could learn to speak English effectively. They could interact with other students and get English speaking competence immersion with several native English teachers. The students also had good perceptions of this work camp.
The role of resilience and readiness to change on students’ learning interest: E-learning implementation during Covid-19
Authors: Nurtjahjanti Harlina , Prasetyo Anggun Resdasari , Ardhiani Lusi Nur
Published: February 2022

COVID-19 affects the learning system at university. This study aims to determine the relationship between resilience and readiness for changes in students’ interest to learn in the Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia, under the implementation of an e-learning system during the COVID-19 pandemic. The subjects in this study were 190 Students (M = 37, F = 153). The sampling technique used was cluster random sampling. The instruments used were the CD-RISC (16 items; α = .886), readiness for change questionnare (28 items; α = .919), and interest in leaning questionnare (14 items; α = .882). The multiple regression analysis show that there was a positive and significant correlation between resilience and interest in learning (r = .555; p .001), and a positive and significant correlation between readiness for change and interest in learning (r = .580; p .001). Furthermore, resilience and readiness for change together can predict students’ interest in learning during e-learning implementation (r = .675, p .001), R2 = .456, F = 78,294; p .001). Resilience and readiness for change effectively contributed 45.6% to predicting students’ interest in learning. These results suggest that students have resilience and readiness for change so that their interest in learning remains high despite having to face uncertain situation.
SELF-REGULATED WRITING (SRW) STRATEGIES DURING THE COMPLETION OF DISSERTATION: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Arianto M. Affandi , Wulyani Anik Nunuk
Published: February 2022

Previous studieshave highlighted the benefits of self-regulated writing (SRW) strategies in the EFL/ESL context. However, little is known about the use of these strategies inthe process of completing a dissertation. Anchored by the limitations of previous studies, this case study aimed to investigate and understand the use of SRW strategies by Indonesian doctoral students majoring in English Language Education. Through purposive sampling, four doctoral students at a public university in Indonesiawere selected as the participants. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The qualitative data analysis indicated that the participants used eight SRW strategies, namely idea planning, noticing, text processing, selecting physical environments, seeking social assistance, feedback handling, goal-oriented monitoring and evaluating, and self-talk. This article provided descriptions and explanations of how each strategy was used in the process of completing the participants’ dissertations. The findings of this study also provide pedagogical implications especially in raising doctoral students’ awareness in using SRW strategies as well as contributing to the theoretical development of SRW theory.
The source of teacher work stress: a factor analysis approach
Authors: Arismunandar Arismunandar , H. Nurhikmah , Wahed Andi , Wijaya Hengki , Haris Hasnawi
Published: February 2022

This research is motivated by work stress among teachers with various negative impacts on physical, mental, and performance health. The purpose of the study was to determine the level of teacher work stress and its sources in South Sulawesi. The method used is a survey method and a factor analysis approach. The research subjects were teachers in South Sulawesi. The data collection technique used a questionnaire. Then it was analyzed quantitatively descriptively. Quantitative data analysis is the validity and reliability which is declared statistically valid. The results showed that teacher work stress in South Sulawesi was moderate, with a data trend of 41.9%. The category of work stress is based on six sources of work stress, namely (1) welfare; (2) teaching; (3) students; (4) relationships and conflicts; (5) organizational climate; and (6) the time dimension with the dominant or general source of teacher work stress comes from welfare factors and teaching factors, while other teacher work stress factors are student factors and organizational climate. The factor analysis approach shows that the six indicators are combined in only one factor in the work stress source variable.
Population Size Estimation From Capture-Recapture Studies Using shinyrecap: Design and Implementation of a Web-Based Graphical User Interface
Authors: McIntyre Anne F , Fellows Ian E , Gutreuter Steve , Hladik Wolfgang
Published: February 2022

Background

Population size estimates (PSE) provide critical information in determining resource allocation for HIV services geared toward those at high risk of HIV, including female sex workers, men who have sex with men, and people who inject drugs. Capture-recapture (CRC) is often used to estimate the size of these often-hidden populations. Compared with the commonly used 2-source CRC, CRC relying on 3 (or more) samples (3S-CRC) can provide more robust PSE but involve far more complex statistical analysis.

Objective

This study aims to design and describe the Shiny application (shinyrecap), a user-friendly interface that can be used by field epidemiologists to produce PSE.

Methods

shinyrecap is built on the Shiny web application framework for R. This allows it to seamlessly integrate with the sophisticated CRC statistical packages (eg, Rcapture, dga, LCMCR). Additionally, the application may be accessed online or run locally on the user’s machine.

Results

The application enables users to engage in sample size calculation based on a simulation framework. It assists in the proper formatting of collected data by providing a tool to convert commonly used formats to that used by the analysis software. A wide variety of methodologies are supported by the analysis tool, including log-linear, Bayesian model averaging, and Bayesian latent class models. For each methodology, diagnostics and model checking interfaces are provided.

Conclusions

Through a use case, we demonstrated the broad utility of this powerful tool with 3S-CRC data to produce PSE for female sex workers in a subnational unit of a country in sub-Saharan Africa.
Pattern of Comorbidities and the Impact on Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19 in Babel Governorate, Iraq, in 2020 (Preprint)
Authors: Hussein Alaa , Lami Faris
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

Comorbidities pose a major clinical challenge to the care and treatment of patients with COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of common comorbidities on the severity, outcome, and length of stay in the hospital for patients with COVID-19 in Babel Governorate, Iraq, in 2020.

METHODS

All laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the 2 COVID-19 hospitals in Babel Governorate from March through September 2020 were included. We developed a form to document sociodemographic data, clinical presentation, severity, comorbidities, length of hospital stay, and outcomes.

RESULTS

 A total of 2574 patients were included; 1581 (61.4%) were men. The mean age was 48.7 (SD 16.4) years. There were 1212 (47.1%) severe cases and 489 (19%) critical cases. There were 1543 (59.9%) patients with no comorbidity, 536 (20.9%) patients with 1 comorbidity, and 495 (19.2%) patients with 2 or more comorbidities. The most common comorbidity was diabetes mellitus (643/1599, 25%), followed by hypertension (598/1599, 23.4%). The proportion of severe or critical cases among the patients with comorbidities was 84% (865/1031) compared to 54.1% (836/1543) among the patients with no comorbidity (P<.001). About 12% (125/1031) of patients with comorbidities had a mean hospitalization time >2 weeks compared to the 8% (123/1543) of patients with no comorbidity (P<.001). The case-fatality ratio was 26.4% (272/1031) in patients with comorbidities compared to 10.6% (163/1543) in patients with no comorbidity (P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Comorbidity is a significant predictor of serious hospital course and fatal outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Patients with comorbidities must be vigilant with preventive measures and should be prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination.

CLINICALTRIAL
A Web-Based Audio Computer-Assisted Self-interview Application With Illustrated Pictures to Administer a Hepatitis B Survey Among a Myanmar-Born Community in Perth, Australia: Development and User Acceptance Study (Preprint)
Authors: Phoo Nang Nge Nge , Reid Alison , Lobo Roanna , Davies Murray , Vujcich Daniel
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

Self-administered paper or electronic surveys can create accessibility issues for people with language barriers and limited literacy, whereas face-to-face interviews can create privacy issues and give rise to reporting biases, particularly in the context of sensitive subject matters. An audio computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI) offers an alternative mode of survey administration, and its use has been tested against other survey modes to determine whether the presence of a background narration helps overcome literacy and privacy issues. There are still gaps with the ACASI survey administration because audio narration alone does not assist respondents with limited literacy in choosing response options. To overcome literacy issues, a few studies have used illustrated pictures for a limited number of response options.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to illustrate all the questions and response options in an ACASI application. This research is part of a larger study comparing different modes of survey administration (ACASI, face-to-face interviews, and self-administered paper surveys) to collect data on hepatitis B knowledge, attitudes, and practices among the Myanmar-born community in Perth, Australia. This study describes the 2-phase process of developing a web-based ACASI application using illustrated pictures.

METHODS

The first phase was the preparation of the ACASI elements, such as questionnaire, pictures, brief descriptions of response options, and audio files. Each element was pretested on 20 participants from the target population. The second phase involved synchronizing all the elements into the web-based ACASI application and adapting the application features, in particular, autoplay audio and illustrated pictures. The preprototype survey application was tested for user acceptance on 5 participants from the target population, resulting in minor adjustments to the display and arrangement of response options.

RESULTS

After a 12-month development process, the prototype ACASI application with illustrated pictures was fully functional for electronic survey administration and secure data storage and export.

CONCLUSIONS

Pretesting each element separately was a useful approach because it saved time to reprogram the application at a later stage. Future studies should also consider the participatory development of pictures and visual design of user interfaces. This picture-assisted ACASI survey administration mode can be further developed and used to collect sensitive information from populations that are usually marginalized because of literacy and language barriers.
The potential of polyphenols from natural ingredients against SARS-CoV-2 infection: A review
Authors: Hendrayana Made Agus , I Made Jawi  , Dewa Made Sukrama  , Dewa Ngurah Suprapta
Published: February 2022

All countries in the world are facing the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic which has resulted in various crises. To date, there is no effective treatment in controlling COVID-19. Many clinical trials of approved drugs against COVID-19 were conducted. However, the results were inconclusive, even severe adverse effects were reported. The new effective drugs are therefore urgently needed. Herbal medicines have been widely used by community to enhance the body immune system during COVID-19 pandemic. Polyphenols are large group of active compounds found in the natural ingredients. These compounds have been proven to have biological activity against various pathogen infections including viral infection. During COVID-19 pandemic, various polyphenol compounds from various medicinal plants have been investigated for their activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) both in silico and in vitro. Among the polyphenols investigated, some of them namely papyriflavonol, catechin gallate, gallocatechin gallate, luteolin, quercetin, tangeretin, naringenin, herbacetin, emodin, eriodyctiol, fenoterol, baicalin, myricetin, quercetagetin exhibited strong activity against SARS-CoV-2. The possibilities of mechanism of actions as antiSARS-CoV-2 of these polyphenols were 1) bind to the N protein causing the inhibition of viral transcription and replication; 2) inhibit the binding of S protein to ACE2 receptors preventing the entry of the virus into the host cells; 3) inhibit 3CLpro function inhibiting the viral transcription and maturation; and 4) bind directly to the ACE2 receptor. In conclusion, some polyphenol compounds from nature ingredients are potential to develop to be future antiSARS-CoV-2. However, further the pre-clinical and clinical studies are required to strengthen existing evidence.
Application of solid lipid nanoparticles preparation in infection caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria
Authors: Prastiwi Nenes , Ervina  , Lesbatta Kezia
Published: February 2022

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) is a potential alternative method for drug delivery due to its good stability, low toxicity, can be modified and controlled in drug release, as well as can be produced on a large scale. The SLNs are composed of solid lipids stabilized by emulsifiers. The lipids used for SLN are physiological lipids that easily tolerated by the body. These characteristics make SLN as a potential delivery system that can increase the efficiency of an antibiotics preparation. The development of bacterial resistance to antibacterial has become serious health problems in infectious diseases. Solid lipid nanoparticles is a compelling choice as a drug delivery system that can reduce the problem of the bacterial resistance. This review discussed the role of SLN as a drug carrier system which includes the characteristics and structure of SLN, its pharmacokinetic properties, bacterial resistance mechanism, and SLN mechanism in reducing bacterial resistance.
The potential effect of natural compounds from Indonesian spices in alleviating inflammation due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a narrative review
Authors: Yuliana .
Published: February 2022

COVID-19 causes increasing of inflammatory cytokines even cytokine storm in the severe condition. Enhance body immune system is one strategy against COVID-19. Spices in traditional Indonesian cuisine are believed as boost immunity. They contain active compounds such as curcumin, allicin, quercetin and capsaicin which can be used to alleviate inflammation. In this literature review, the potency of curcumin, allicin, quercetin, and capsaicin in alleviating inflammation due the COVID-19 was reported. Literatures were gathered from PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar search engines. COVID-19 causes the increase of proinflammatory cytokine levels such as TNFα and IL-6. Curcumin, allicin, quercetin, and capsaicin regulate the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. These nutritional agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) showed inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory cytokines and promote immune cell differentiation into anti-inflammatory phenotypes. Curcumin has an anti-inflammatory effect that can prevent pneumocytes, renal cells, and cardiomyocytes damages. Allicin and quercetin can decrease TNFα and IL-6 levels due to they can increase the superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. In conclusion, curcumin, allicin, quercetin and capsaicin can enhance body immune system due to their anti-inflammatory effect through down-regulation of the inflammatory cytokines expression. These spices could be used as adjuvant therapy to boost body immune system against COVID-19.
The comparison of colchicine and standard treatment in COVID-19 patients: A mini review
Authors: Kwok Yasmeen , Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih  , Woro Rukmi Pratiwi
Published: February 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic in March 2020. There are several drugs used at different stages of the disease, but none seem to be completely effective. In the absence of any known therapy, many drugs have been tested, including colchicine. Colchicine differs from these other therapies in having pleiotropic mechanism of action, being less potent on any single target, and being an oral agent. It is also a better option since colchicine is not immunosuppressive, is not known to increase risk of infection, and is inexpensive. The aim of this study was to provide evidence of the role of colchicine in improving clinical outcome and reducing death rate of COVID-19 patients through literature mini-review. A mini-review, composed of previous RCTs comparing the use of colchicine in COVID-19 with standard care or placebo under the keyword “COVID-19”, “COVID”, “coronavirus”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “coronavirus disease”, “Colchicine”, “CAS 64-86-8”, “standard treatment”, “standard care”, “standard of care”, “common treatment”, “placebo”, “clinical improvement”, and “clinical response”.  The addition of colchicine to standard treatment can be beneficial in treating COVID-19. Studies included showed that colchicine has significantly improved time to clinical deterioration compared to the control group. Colchicine reduced the length of hospitalization and the need for supplemental oxygen therapy. One of the included studies mentioned that in outpatient settings, colchicine can prevent hospitalization and even death. Colchicine can improve the clinical outcome on CRP levels, the number of patients that need mechanical ventilation, and death rate in COVID-19 patients. The addition of colchicine to standard treatment should be considered to prevent clinical deterioration and death. Colchicine reduces the number of adverse effects in COVID-19 patients except for gastrointestinal adverse effects, especially diarrhea, which is consistently more common in the colchicine groups.
Error Analysis in the Written Compositions of Spanish Engineering Students: A Comparative Taxonomy
Authors: Juan Rubio Antonio Daniel , Garcia Conesa Isabel Maria
Published: February 2022

Needless to say, writing is a language skill that for most FL students is quite difficult to master. Especially for undergraduate technical students, this seems to be a challenging task since the presence of difficulties in any FL writing forces them to commit various errors in their written productions. Henceforth, errors seem to be inevitable when writing in a foreign language. And in order to regulate this appearance of errors, many researchers have started to study the errors made by these students, putting then into different categories. Therefore, what this research paper tries to identify and track is those errors made by engineering students in a public Spanish Polytechnic University over the last two academic years. We shall attempt to categorise errors based on their source following the comparative taxonomy proposed by Dulay, Burt and Krashen in “Language Two” (1982), one of the different taxonomies as established by them.And in order to conduct this research, a total of 70 essays undertaken by a number of engineering students were selected taking into account their written productions along the task assigned in these two last academic years. These numerous writings have thus been analysed and the errors detected have been tracked down and categorised basing ourselves on the comparative analysis of errors. The main objective of this study is to prove that the results obtained from this analysis have undoubtedly demonstrated that the majority of errors committed by these engineering students can be classified as belonging to the interlingual category, being the category with the highest number of occurrences, contrary to the opinion of some other researchers. In terms of the number of incidences, we shall validate that the errors detected in those 70 essays can be graded in the following order according to this comparative taxonomy of errors: interlingual errors, other errors, ambiguous errors, and developmental errors.
Aproximaciones al estudio del pódcast como documento sonoro de origen digital
Authors: Rodríguez Reséndiz Perla Olivia
Published: February 2022

La era dorada del pódcast sonoro es la forma como se califica a la segunda década del siglo XXI. Este periodo se caracteriza por la proliferación, diversidad y amplia distribución de este tipo de materiales sonoros, que son evidencia de la creación, pensamiento y expresión artística de la sociedad. El pódcast, además de ser un medio a través del cual se transmite información audible, es un tipo de documento de origen digital cuya naturaleza documental ha sido poco estudiada. Este artículo tiene como objetivo determinar algunas de las características del pódcast como documento sonoro de origen digital y con ello contribuir a establecer las bases para su preservación. Para ello, se presenta el marco conceptual, el origen y evolución del pódcast, se define la estructura y el soporte del pódcast como objeto digital, se alude a su relevancia como medio que aborda contenidos de actualidad e interés social, y se señala el riesgo de pérdida de este tipo documental.
Automatic Water Level Indicator and Controller
Authors: Pandey Anikka , Andhale Gargi , Sonawane Anirudha , Amrutkar Akshara , Andhare Tejaswini
Published: February 2022

Abstract: This Project mainly aims at optimizing the use of water. Since water wastage has become a major and global issue now, hence water conservation has now become more important. One of the common sources of wastage we encounter is the overflow of water. This project aims to help judge the water level inside the water tank and display it accordingly on the screen while also preventing any overflow of water which is achieved through the Arduino Uno. The ultrasonic sensors used helps determine the water level in tank which is then send to the Arduino Uno, the LCD then attached to it displays the level to us. According to the level of water inside the tank, the Arduino helps turn ON or OFF the servo motor hence closing the source of water. In this way, through the automation of water control, we intent to save the energy and our natural resource. Keywords: Arduino-UNO, DC motor, LCD display, Servo, Ultrasonic sensor
Mineralogical and petrographic characteristics of the host rocks of the Pervaya Rudnaya Gorka Fe-skarn ore occurrence
Authors: Ivanova Ekaterina S. , Ivanova Julia N.
Published: February 2022

The article discusses the mineralogical and petrographic features of the metamorphic formations of the poorly studied and promising the Pervaya Rudnaya Gorka Fe-scarn ore occurrence (Kongor ore region), localized in the Voikar, and the typification of host rocks by mineral composition. In order to clarify the ore-forming affiliation of the Pervaya Rudnaya Gorka ore occurrence, the comparative analysis was carried out with the reference to well-studied Novogodnee-Monto Au-Fe-skarn deposit (Toupugol-Khanmeishor ore region), which showed similar mineral composition, structural and texture features and geological structure of ore objects. According to the results of studies, a close composition of the enclosing volcanic-sedimentary rocks, in particular the skarn formations, containing the gold-sulfide-magnetite mineralization at the Novogodnee-Monto ore deposit; connection with the same intrusive complexes (Sob, Kongor, and Musyur) and faults of the north-western direction. Using the microscopic method of research, the changes in the propylite formation area at the Pervaya Rudnaya Gorka ore occurrence, indicating a large-scale regional pre-ore metasomatism, were first identified and described in detail. The following metasomatic zonation (from the inner to the outer zone): actinolite + epidote chlorite + actinolite + epidote chlorite + epidote was been established at the ore field. Based on the obtained research results, it is concluded that the poorly studied territories of the Polar Urals are promising.
The Impact Of Clinical Pharmacists' Interventions On Drug-Related Problems At The Military Hospital, Omdurman, Sudan
Authors: Rashad Farrag Eltaib Nada , Abdurhman Ahmed Najla Idriss , Hala Mahamed Elnasif  , N. Abdalla Ashraf , Alhindi Yosra , Elashmony Sahar
Published: February 2022

Clinical pharmacists can help to identify, solve and prevent drug-related problems (DRPs) through appropriate interventions. The objective of this retrospective study was to identify DRPs, their causes and to evaluate how the clinical pharmacists' interventions can impact on them in the medicine department at the Military Hospital, Omdurman, Sudan. A total of 100 files belonging to patients admitted between September 2018- March 2019 were analyzed in this study according to specific criteria, of which 170 Clinical pharmacists' Intervention (CPIs) were made, and 152 DRPs were identified. The most common DRP found was untreated indication (not prescribed drug but clear indication) accounting for 32.9% (n=50) of total studied cases, followed by subtherapeutic dose 14.5% (n=22), and drug interactions 12.5% (n=19). Interventions were made by clinical pharmacists based on the type of DRP. The acceptance of intervening pharmacist suggestions was found to be 57.6% (n=98), the remaining 41.8% (n=71) of interventions were not accepted. The study highlighted that the participation of clinical pharmacists in the medical ward had a positive impact on optimization of drug therapy by reducing drug-related problems.
Políticas públicas para a economia criativa: interfaces e reflexões a partir da abordagem policêntrica
Authors: Pacheco Adriano Pereira de Castro , Morais Manoela , Binotto Erlaine , Benini Elcio Gustavo
Published: February 2022

O trabalho teve por objetivo analisar as características do percurso teórico-metodológico dos estudos de políticas públicas em abordagem policêntrica e sua aplicabilidade no contexto da economia criativa. Para isso, realizou uma revisão sistemática de 24 artigos científicos selecionados nas bases de dados Scopus, Science Direct e Web of Science. Os resultados mostram que a abordagem policêntrica tem sido relatada de forma exitosa nos estudos científicos sobre desenvolvimento, vez que incentiva e democratiza o acesso de atores não-estatais no centro da tomada de decisão, sinalizando a viabilidade de aplicação em políticas públicas endereçadas a setores estratégicos do país, como a economia criativa. Contudo, os estudos deixaram de apresentar detalhadamente os modelos e instrumentos necessários à efetiva implementação de políticas públicas na perspectiva policêntrica, o que revela uma agenda promissora de pesquisas sobre arranjos alternativos de políticas públicas.
Economia criativa: em busca do formato inaudito
Authors: Santos Romilson Marco dos
Published: February 2022

Este ensaio teórico visa a altercar a emergência de um tipo distinto de Indústrias Criativas fomentadas pelas transformações suscitadas pela sociedade Pós-Industrial. Essas indústrias se inserem em um novo modelo de negócio, o qual permite e é responsável pelo engendramento de formatos inauditos. Na perspectiva assumida neste trabalho, essas indústrias inserem a Economia Criativa em convergência com a complexidade da sociedade. Com efeito, ocasiona uma desestabilização da ordem simbólica vigente. E, de tal modo, com potencial da emergência de uma nova ordem simbólica criativa, a partir daqueles formatos inauditos. Ora, parece evidente que essas indústrias se comportam como dilatadoras da área de abrangência da Economia Criativa.
Uma reflexão sobre a cidade dos piratas
Authors: Gordeeff Eliane M.
Published: February 2022

Este artigo consiste em apresentar um estudo sobre o longa-metragem animado, A Cidade dos Piratas (2018), de Otto Guerra, que mescla a imagem real e a animada, com quatro intrincados eixos narrativos, e que se impõe como produto de uma sociedade, e sobre a qual reflete. No atual e conturbado momento em que se vive, se faz necessária uma reflexão sobre as nossas criações artísticas, como uma forma de compreendermos o que se passa, a fim de organizarmos um futuro. Para atingir tal entendimento, o texto se desenvolve com base nos estudos sociológicos da Arte, de Jean Duvignaud (1970), no conceito de Imaginarium Diegético (Gordeeff, 2018), e no conceito mitológico de “chaos”, construindo uma análise político-social, mas ao mesmo tempo, estético-narrativa desta obra-prima da animação brasileira. Este texto sintetiza as duas diferentes abordagens anteriores sobre o tema, apresentadas em dois eventos internacionais: no Congresso Internacional Sobre outras Obras (FBAUL-CIEBA) em Lisboa, Portugal, e no Animafest Scanner VII (Animafest Zagreb, World Festival of Animated Film), em Zagreb, Croácia, ambos em 2020.
Animação viral: memes podem estar controlando seu celular
Authors: Schlittler João Paulo Amaral , Carvalho de Oliveira Vitor
Published: February 2022

Uma guerra animada se desenrola na palma das nossas mãos, o conflito  pode ser visualizado nas diminutas telas dos celulares na forma GIFs animados - memes que invadem diariamente os aparelhos disseminando medo e hilaridades. Em termos técnicos e artísticos, estas mensagens digitais podem não ser consideradas uma forma de animação. Porém, independente do julgamento acerca de sua qualidade, essas imagens pulsam incessantemente diante de nossos olhos. A importância deste formato não deve ser menosprezada, a viralização de memes impactou dramaticamente o resultado da campanha presidencial de Jair Bolsonaro em 2018. Os tradicionais “santinhos” impressos durante a época das eleições, se tornaram  imagens "fast food" manipuladas digitalmente,  animadas de forma aleatória e distribuídas como GIFs nas redes sociais. O impacto dessa mídia pode ser, por um lado, catastrófico, mas por outro, esclarecedor. Nesta pesquisa, memes animados brasileiros são apresentados e discutidos, destacando a relevância dessa forma atual e influente de subcultura da animação.
Assessing the Ideal Valve Size During Aortic Valve Replacement with Rapid Deployment Bioprosthetic Valves. Is Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiogram Reliable?
Authors: Magarakis Michael , Sarris-Michopoulos Panagiotis , Al-Alameri Ali , Macias Alejandro , Montoya Alvaro , Markell Evan , Benitez Julio
Published: February 2022

Objective: To describe our experience with using intraoperative
Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) to assess the size of the rapid
deployment prosthetic valves by measuring the native aortic annulus.
Methods: Retrospective review of single institution series of patients
undergoing Aortic Valve Replacement with Rapid Deployment Bioprosthetic
Valves. Included were patients who had their native aortic valve
replaced either isolated or as part of any additional procedure. The
aortic annulus was measured prior to initiation of the operation using
TEE. An analysis was conducted between Echocardiographic annular
measurements and actual implanted valve sizes. Results: Forty patients
underwent rapid deployment valve implantation in the aortic position. Of
these, 32.5% of patients had the same size valve as the measured aortic
annulus, 40% of patients had a valve implanted that was 1 mm different,
and 25% of patients had 2 mm difference. One patient (2.5%) was found
to have an aortic annular measurement of 3mm less than the actual
implanted valve. The mean annular size based on intraoperative TEE was
23.5 mm (range: 21-28 mm, sdv: 1.8). The mean valve size implanted was
23.7 mm (range: 21-27 mm, sdv: 1.9). There was no statistically
significant difference between the mean annular measurement and the
valve size selected (0.2 mm, p = 0.50). Conclusion: TEE can further
enhance valve sizing and guidance through a proper and safe deployment.
Although evident in our experience, larger scale studies are needed to
further elucidate conclusions on the importance of avoiding under-sizing
valves.
Durable complete response rates following radiotherapy and immunotherapy combination in recurrent and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective single centre cohort study
Authors: Khera Raj , Feeney Laura , Swinton Martin , Rack Sam , Sykes Andrew , METCALF ROBERT
Published: February 2022

Key Points 1. This study reports clinical outcome data on 76 patients
with platinum-resistant recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous
carcinoma treated with nivolumab, making it the largest published single
centre case series of its kind. 2. Radiotherapy was administered
alongside systemic therapy with nivolumab, defined as radiotherapy
within 8 weeks of prior systemic therapy, in 16 of 76 patients (21%).
3. Nivolumab was continued following radiotherapy completion due to
ongoing clinical benefit from the drug in 9 of 16 patients (56%). 4.
Durable complete response following radio-immunotherapy was seen in 2 of
the 9 patients (22%) who continued nivolumab subsequent to
radiotherapy. 5. Indications for radiotherapy included symptom control
(3 of 9), oligoprogression (5 of 9) and incomplete response (1 of 9).
Remembering Brian Street and his Work with International Baccalaureate (IB)
Authors: Ainger Hilary
Published: February 2022

I met Brian in July 1978 when I attended the very first workshop for teachers of International Baccalaureate (IB) Social Anthropology (later to become Social and Cultural Anthropology) at the University of Sussex in Brighton, where Brian was then teaching. I’m no longer sure what I was expecting in an IB “Chief Examiner” but having grown up in Oxford, I know I was generally skeptical of academics as knowing much about the ‘real world’ and worried that a Chief Examiner would not be interested in the dynamics of a high school classroom or the perspectives of 16- and 17-year-old students themselves. Nonetheless I was entirely excited to be there - I had loved my first two years of teaching IB Anthropology and was pretty sure that this was what I wanted to do for the rest of my life! I was very wrong about the Chief Examiner but right about myself. In this paper I remember Brian Street and his role in the International Baccaulaureate.
Evaluación de la brecha digital del cacaocultor del Urabá antioqueño
Authors: Toro Beleño Luis Felipe , Zapata Guzmán Jaime Enrique
Published: February 2022

El cacao, es un cultivo de importancia en el sector agrícola colombiano por el encadenamiento productivo con la agroindustria, el impacto social y la apreciación del mercado mundial de chocolates, confitería y otros; que se encuentra en alto porcentaje en manos de pequeños y medianos agricultores dispersos por varias regiones del país, en bastantes casos en zonas apartadas y de bajo nivel tecnológico, al que el uso de innovaciones tecnológicas de la Agricultura Digital (AD) del proyecto del SENA Cacao 4.0, serviría para incrementar la competitividad y con ello mejorar la calidad de vida del agricultor, pero, es necesario que tengan acceso a dichas innovaciones. En función de ese acceso, se evalúa en campo la conectividad y alfabetización electrónica de los cacaocultores en la zona del Urabá Antioqueño, midiendo la cobertura, el acceso y el uso de internet en general. Se encuentran valores bajos en cada uno de ellos, acordes a los mencionados en la literatura para el sector rural de Colombia y América Latina. Con base en los resultados obtenidos, se establece un índice de brecha digital del 67%, donde el uso de internet se presenta como el indicador más rezagado y el acceso a internet móvil con un valor cercano al 70%.
Early Music in an Interdisciplinary Artistic Production: The Project Pluvinel’s Academy
Authors: Eidsaa Randi Margrethe
Published: February 2022

This chapter explores the previously completed interdisciplinary performance project Pluvinel’s Academy by investigating the production process, aesthetic dimensions and educational relevance. Early music repertoires and historical narratives are the core elements of the performance concept, which is inspired by the American musicologist Kate van Orden’s book Music, Discipline, and Arms in Early Modern France (van Orden, 2005), and the article “Komponisten som smisket med Solkongen” by Rolfhamre (2017). Pluvinel’s Academy was a pilot project which presented a combination of artistic expressions and equestrian sport, developed in an educational environment and presented in a riding hall. The participant group included fifteen music performance students, professional guest performers and a group of riders and their horses. The various aspects of the project will be presented and discussed in relation to artistic research perspectives and the early music objectives presented in this anthology, primarily related to pedagogy. The chapter highlights creating new works of art, the Pluvinel’s Academy performance, and suggests that early music is valuable as material in an interdisciplinary performance concept in pedagogical settings.