bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional compensators in machine drives
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Balakin P. D. , Belkov V. N. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Dyundik O. S. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Zgonnik I. P. ,   Omsk State Technical University
Published: November 2020

Real mechanical systems are characterized by real parameters, which include primary manufacturing and assembly errors, force and temperature deformations, and abnormal operating modes, the full knowledge of which is unknown when designing systems. Incomplete knowledge about the object is compensated by using coefficients entered into calculation formulas. The coefficients form the basis of reference literature and are obtained on the basis of generalization of experience in creating objects that are similar in design and purpose. This statistical technique is used to increase the margin of safety, but it does not allow us to obtain optimal performance criteria for the design of mechanical drives in particular. It is proposed to use the principle of designing mechanical systems by giving them the property of adaptation to real parameters at the design stage. The means of adaptation is an additional motion of links to the main one, implemented in particular by functional compensators. An algorithm for the synthesis of a compensator is given on the example of the basic scheme of a friction planetary gearbox
Application of ANSYS software package for electromagnetic and thermal analysis of the electric motor of the pilger mill drive seamless pipe manufacturing technology
Authors:   Tajikistan Power Energy Institute, Kosimov B. I.
Published: November 2020

Currently, the metallurgical production contains a large number of morally and physically outdated electrical equipment that requires modernization. Large capital expenditures are required to replace it. For this reason, it is slow to implement, long-term use for the purpose of payback, and slowly decommissioned. In this regard, the new equipment should be innovative and in many ways ahead of the existing level of development of the industry. The article offers such a solution for the company PJSC «Chelyabinsk pipe rolling plant». To replace the existing collector motor of the pilger mill drive for the manufacture of seamless pipes, which has been operating since 1928 and is in critical condition, a large-size low-speed valve motor with a large built-in inertial mass, having a permanent magnet magnetic system and claw-poles, is proposed to replace the existing collector motor of the pilger mill drive for the manufacturing of seamless pipes, which has been operating since 1928 and is in critical condition. Such a technical solution for drives of this class has not been used in the world. The motor eliminates the existing 120-ton flywheel, improves reliability due to contactless current supply, and reduces operating costs by eliminating excitation losses. The design of the engine allows its assembly without additional technological equipment, which is very important for large engines with permanent magnets. To develop a unique motor, a design system consisting of a synthesis subsystem and an analysis subsystem was created. The synthesis subsystem implements multi-level single-criteria optimization. As a result of its work, the optimal geometry is determined according to the selected criterion. The analysis system confirms the accuracy of the calculation using simplified optimization methods and finally removes technical risks before manufacturing an industrial design. It is based on the Ansys Electronics Desktop and Ansys Icepak systems that are well-developed for CAE electric machines. The analysis has several stages and includes electromagnetic and thermal analysis. The proposed design system is tested on a real project and implemented as a calculation of the magnetic and thermal state with dynamic load in JSC «Russian electric motors»
Three-axis electrical induction sensor of electric field strength in form of three mutually perpendicular disks
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Biryukov S. V.
Published: November 2020

Measuring the parameters of electric fields affecting technical and biological objects is impossible without the use of electric field strength sensors. Accurate measurement and control of electric field strength levels is challenging. This is due to the fact that the intensity is a vector quantity, characterized not only by the modulus, but also by the direction. The existing wide variety of strain gauges of various shapes (cubic, cylindrical, spherical), the principle of action (directional and non-directional reception) and design features (case, bodyless) do not provide the desired metrological characteristics. Therefore, the work related to the development of electric field strength sensors does not stand still and is relevant. The aim of the study is to create a frameless threeaxis sensor of electric field strength, the calculation of which would be simple as for the case, and the simplicity of design and low weight as for the frameless sensors. The sensor created as a result of research is structurally represented by three mutually perpendicular dielectric disks, the bases of which are conducting sensitive elements. The sensor depending on the desired error has a different spatial measurement range and the larger the error, the wider the range. For a measurement error not exceeding 10 %, the maximum possible spatial measurement range will be a = 0,4. Therefore, the minimum possible distance to the field source, at which the sensor error does not go beyond 10 %, will be d = 2,5R, where R is the radius of the sensor disk
Changes in crystal structure of MWCNTs under impact of high-powered pulsed ion C:H beam
Authors:   Omsk Scientific Center of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolotov V. V. , Kan V. E. ,   Omsk Scientific Center of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Knyazev E. V. ,   Omsk Scientific Center of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2020

The structure of multi-walled carbon nanotubes exposed to a pulsed high-power ion beam is investigated using the methods of Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It has been shown that irradiation with an ion beam generates significant defects in the structure of nanotubes. With an increase in the number of pulses, processes associated with the annealing of defects in the internal structure of the samples are observed. Electron microscopy data make it possible to distinguish two types of defects leading to a decrease in the interlayer distance of the carbon nanotube wall
Morphology of macropores in n-Si formed in NH4 F-containing solutions during photoanodization
Authors:   Omsk Scientific Center of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolotov V. V. , Ponomareva I. V. ,   Omsk Scientific Center of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivlev K. E. ,   Omsk Scientific Center of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2020

The features of pore formation during photoanodization in electrolytes based on ammonium fluoride are studied depending on illumination, pH, current density. When comparing electrolytes with different pH (acidic and alkaline), a decrease in the pore diameter is observed at the same illumination and current densities in alkaline HF: NH4 OH solutions at a relatively equal etching rate in depth. In dilute HF: NH4 OH: H2 O under low illumination, there is a direct dissolution of silicon with the formation of a «starlike» pore morphology and a branching tendency. In the case of a concentrated solution of HF: NH4 OH 1: 4 branching is observed with increasing current density
Algorithm of development for system operation monitoring of water-soluble bases in hydraulic structures
Authors:   Civil Defense Academy Emercom of Russia, Latyshenko K. P.
Published: November 2020

The article discusses algorithm of development of the monitoring system operation for water-soluble bases of a hydraulic structures based on the conductometric control method using special technical measuring instruments. The structure of the information system for monitoring water-soluble bases of hydraulic structures is presented. A mathematical description of the monitoring method based on the conductometric control method is carried out. A general algorithm for the information system operation and an algorithm for polling conductometric sensors have been developed. An adaptive algorithm for polling sensors is proposed, which allows changing the polling period depending on the level of threat of an emergency
Study of the charge transfer process in the polyaniline/graphite heterojunction by conductive atomic force microscopy
Authors:   Omsk Scientific Center of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Davletkildeev N. A.
Published: November 2020

Thin layers of polyaniline on the surface of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite are obtained by in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline. The current-voltage characteristics of the tip/polyaniline/graphite contact, which have a form characteristic of tunnel contacts, have been measured by the method of conducting atomic force microscopy. By modeling the current-voltage characteristics using the Simmons model, the width of the potential barrier is determined, which for the investigated heterojunction is 0,5 nm
Determination of dry residue of drinking water by quartz crystal microbalance method
Authors:   Surgut State University, Zavodovsky A. G.
Published: November 2020

The dry residue of water characterizes its quality with great completeness, since it contains all impurities, including nonvolatile organic substances. Therefore, the mass of dry residue can characterize the depth of drinking water treatment and is an important indicator of its quality. Currently, this parameter is determined by the gravimetric method. The determination of the dry residue mass by this method requires considerable time for the analysis and the use of a large mass of the substance. Quartz microweights, the sensitive element of which is a quartz piezoresonator, do not have these disadvantages. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the possibility of using the piezoquartz microweighing method for rapid analysis of drinking water quality. The use of this highly mass-sensitive method (10–8–10–9 g) can significantly reduce the mass of water used for the experiment, and, accordingly, the analysis time, which is determined by the evaporation time of the substance. An experimental module based on a quartz piezoresonator is created to perform experimental studies. The mass-sensitive coefficient of microweights is determined using calibration measurements. For the given experimental conditions (temperature 20 ° C, pressure 105 Pa), it is equal to Сf = (9,50,5) 10–9 g/Hz. To assess the possibility of practical use of the piezoquartz microweighing method, various samples of drinking water are studied and the results analyzed. Based on the experimental data, the parameter X is calculated, which characterizes the mass of dry residue in a liter of water. In the course of experimental studies, it is found that the tap water used in the experiment is optimally mineralized by the value of the parameter X, and its purification using a household filter slightly reduces the amount of dry residue. When boiling water, some of the substances dissolved in it precipitates, but its mineralization remains satisfactory. During the distillation process, the amount of dry residue is significantly reduced, and the water becomes slightly mineralized. The results obtained in this work are consistent with the known experimental data. Thus, the piezoquartz microweighing method can be used to determine the dry residue of drinking water when evaluating its quality in various technological processes
Exploring weft knit fabric defects based on their presence and quality impact: A case study
Authors: Hossain A. K. M. Mobarok , Islam Md Imranul
Published: November 2020

While addressing grey fabric quality in a renowned circular weft knitting mill of Bangladesh, the authors experienced some questionable approach practiced by knitters. The subjective nature of defect detection by knitters/inspectors often time causes wrong emphasizing on frequently occurring defect(s) instead of focusing on influential defect(s) and subsequently, employing wrong quality control approach to minimize the grey fabric defects. Knit fabric defects (e.g., hole, stain, press-off, gout, miss knit, barrè, tucking, etc.) should be assessed by type, fault coverage, gravity and the frequency of occurrence instead of focusing only on frequency of occurrence in the fabric. In this study, grey weft-knitted fabric quality is investigated based on influential defects instead of frequently occurring defects. Quality data of single jersey, fleece and 1X1 rib were gathered and analyzed from an established knitting factory in Bangladesh over three months duration. A fabric inspection machine and 4-point inspection method were employed in this study. Gout was found as the most frequently occurring defect for each fabric type but not influential for rib fabric. For a significant amount of knitted fabrics, totaling of 55,524.91 m2 inspected fabric, the most occurring defects were ranked as gout, press-off, hole, miss knit, stain, and tucking and influential defects (based on inspection points) were ranked as gout, press-off, hole, stain, miss knit, and tucking (highest to lowest). In the inspection report, the knitter/inspector mistakenly categorized gout as the most occurring as well as the most influential defect for 1X1 rib fabrics and suggested remedies accordingly.
Impact of fabric parameters and properties on a 2D cutting and stitching line.
Authors: Owczarek Magdalena
Published: November 2020

The paper presents the influence of fabric parameters and properties on the circle shape precision confectioning in the 2D plane. The properties of textiles affect the fit of the entire product, which is often subject to the subjective assessment of a technologist. In the case of cutting lines made in the two-dimensional area, it seems that there should be no problem with its implementation. Unfortunately, in the clothing, furniture, and automotive industries there are difficulties in combining the same and different textile and non-textile materials (leather). There is no objective method of predicting the precision of circle cutting shape, for different types and properties of fabrics. The work analyzes the shape of a circle cutting and stitching line in a two-dimensional area, taking into account selected properties of textiles (surface weight, elongation, relative bending stiffness). It turns out that the different properties of textiles cause, to a greater or lesser extent, the accuracy of a given circle shape. The fabric with the three-component composition of raw materials and the highest surface mass, as well as the smallest stiffness and high elongation obtained the highest precision of the circle shape reproduction. The least precision, i.e. the ability to maintain a given circle shape, was obtained in viscose fabric with low surface mass, high stiffness, and the highest relative elongation. Correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between shape and surface mass and the number of warp threads.
Transferable, Polarizable Force Field for Electrolytes, Protic Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Padua Agilio , Goloviznina Kateryna , Costa Gomes Margarida , Gong Zheng
Published: November 2020

The transferable, polarizable CL&Pol force field for aprotic ionic liquids presented in our previous study (J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2019, 15, 5858, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00689) is extended to electrolytes, protic ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, and glycols. These systems are problematic in polarizable simulations because they contain either small, highly charged ions or strong hydrogen bonds, which cause trajectory instabilities due to the pull exerted on the induced dipoles. We use a Tang-Toennies function to dampen, or smear, the interactions between charges and induced dipole at short range involving small, highly charged atoms (such as hydrogen or lithium), thus preventing the "polarization catastrophe". The new force field gives stable trajectories and is validated through comparison with experimental data on density, viscosity, and ion diffusion coefficients of liquid systems of the above-mentioned classes. The results also shed light on the hydrogen-bonding pattern in ethylammonium nitrate, a protic ionic liquid, for which the literature contains conflicting views. We describe the implementation of the Tang-Toennies damping function, of the temperature-grouped Nosé-Hoover thermostat for polarizable molecular dynamics and of the periodic perturbation method for viscosity evaluation from non-equilibrium trajectories in the LAMMPS molecular dynamics code. The main result of this work is the wider applicability of the CL&Pol polarizable force field to new, important classes of fluids, achieving robust trajectories and a good description of equilibrium and transport properties in challenging systems. The transferability and fragment-based approach of CL&Pol will allow ready extension to a wide variety of protic ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents and electrolytes.
A Dynamic Substrate is Required for MhuD-catalyzed Degradation of Heme to Mycobilin
Authors: Thakuri Biswash , O'Rourke Bruce , Graves Amanda , Liptak Matthew
Published: November 2020

The non-canoncial heme oxygenase MhuD from Mycobacterium tuberculosis binds a heme substrate that adopts a dynamic equilibrium between planar and out-of-plane ruffled conformations. MhuD degrades this substrate to an unusual mycobilin product via successive monooxygenation and dioxygenation reactions. This article establishes a causal relationship between heme substrate dynamics and MhuD-catalyzed heme degradation resulting in a revised enzymatic mechanism. UV/Vis absorption (Abs) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) data demonstrated that a second-sphere substitution favoring population of the ruffled heme conformation changed the rate-limiting step of the reaction resulting in a measurable build-up of the monooxygenated meso-hydroxyheme intermediate. In addition, UV/Vis Abs and ESI-MS data for a second-sphere variant that favored the planar substrate conformation showed that this change altered the enzymatic mechanism resulting in an alpha-biliverdin product. Single-turnover kinetic analyses for three MhuD variants revealed that the rate of heme monooxygenation depends upon the population of the ruffled substrate conformation. These kinetic analyses also revealed that the rate of meso-hydroxyheme dioxygenation by MhuD depends upon the population of the planar substrate conformation. Thus, the ruffled haem conformation supports rapid heme monooxygenation by MhuD, but further oxygenation to the mycobilin product is inhibited. In contrast, the planar substrate conformation exhibits altered heme monooxygenation regiospecificity followed by rapid oxygenation of meso-hydroxyheme. Altogether, these data yielded a revised enzymatic mechanism for MhuD where access to both substrate conformations is needed for rapid incorporation of three oxygen atoms into heme yielding mycobilin.
Design of a Small-Scale Supercritical Water Oxidation Reactor. Part II: Numerical Modeling and Validation
Authors: Purohit Anmol L. , Misquith John , Moore Stuart , Pinkard Brian , Kramlich John , Reinhall Per G. , Novosselov Igor V.
Published: November 2020

The experimental data from the laboratory-scale supercritical water oxidation reactor was leveraged to validate the CFD approach allowing for efficient and accurate modeling of the process. The reactor operating on ethanol as a pilot fuel was modeled using CFD with global oxidation mechanism. Fluid properties were determined using polynomial fit approximations, which yielded excellent agreement with NIST data over a range of temperatures at an isobaric pressure of 25 MPa. The model predicts the fluid temperature within 30°C of measured values for different inlet fuel concentrations. The ethanol decomposition of ~99% occurs within 20% of the reactor length at T~600 °C. The analysis of Damkohler (Da) and Reynolds (Re) numbers shows that the reactor operates in a distributed reaction region, owing to the excellent combustion stability of the inverted gravity reactor configuration. The modeling approach can aid the design of future more complex SCWO reactors and process optimization.
Challenges Encountered Applying Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium Binding Free Energy Calculations
Authors: Baumann Hannah , Gapsys Vytautas , de Groot Bert L. , Mobley David
Published: November 2020

Binding free energy calculations have become increasingly valuable to drive decision making in drug discovery projects. However, among other issues, inadequate sampling can reduce accuracy, limiting the value of the technique.In this paper we apply absolute binding free energy calculations to ligands binding to T4 lysozyme L99A and HSP90 using equilibrium and non-equilibrium approaches. We highlight sampling problems encountered in these systems, such as slow side chain rearrangements and slow changes of water placement upon ligand binding. These same types of challenges are likely to show up in other protein-ligand systems as well and we propose some strategies to diagnose and test for such problems in alchemical free energy calculations. We also explore similarities and differences in how the equilibrium and the non-equilibrium approaches handle these problems. Our results show the large amount of work still to be done to make free energy calculations robust and reliable and provide insight for future research in this area.
Impact of Noble-Gas Filler Atoms on the Lattice Thermal Conductivity of CoSb3 Skutterudites: First-Principles Modelling
Authors: Tang Jianqin , Skelton Jonathan
Published: November 2020

We present a systematic first-principles modelling study of the structural dynamics and thermal transport in the CoSb3 skutterudites with a series of noble-gas filler atoms. A range of analysis techniques are proposed to estimate the filler rattling frequencies, to quantify the separate impacts of filling on the phonon group velocities and lifetimes, and to show how changes to the phonon spectra and interaction strengths lead to suppressed lifetimes. The fillers are found to reduce the thermal conductivity of the CoSb3 framework by up to 15 % primarily by suppressing the group velocities of low-lying optic modes. Calculations show that the filler rattling frequencies are determined by a detailed balance of increasing atomic mass and stronger interactions with the framework, and are a good predictor of their impact on the heat transport. Lowering the rattling frequency below ~1.5 THz by selecting heavy fillers that interact weakly with the framework is predicted to produce a much larger suppression of the thermal transport, by inducing avoided crossings in the acoustic-mode dispersion and facilitating resonant scattering with a consequent large reduction in the lifetimes. Approximate rattling frequencies determined from the harmonic force constants may therefore provide a useful metric for selecting filler atoms to optimise the thermal transport in skutterudites and other cage compounds such as clathrates.
Noninvasive and Highly Multiplexed Five-Color Tumor Imaging of Near-Infrared Resonant Surface-Enhanced Raman Nanoparticles In Vivo
Authors: Yu Jung-Ho , Steinberg Idan , Davis Ryan Miller , Malkovskiy Andrey V. , Zlitni Aimen , Chung Daniel Tan , Curet Luis Dan , D’Souza Aloma L. , Jung Kyung oh , Chang Edwin , Campbell Jos , Frostig Hadas , Park Seung-min , Pratx Guillem , Gambhir Sanjiv Sam
Published: November 2020

In vivo multiplexed imaging aims for noninvasive analysis of multiple tumor biomarkers. While most of the preclinical imaging has provided a number of multiplexing channels up to three, Raman imaging with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoparticles was suggested to offer higher multiplexing capability originating from their narrow spectral width. However, the multiplexed Raman imaging is still in its infancy for visualizing tumors with both sufficient multiplicity and high sensitivity concurrently. Here we create multispectral palettes of gold core-near-infrared (NIR) resonant Raman dyes-silica shell SERS (NIR-SERRS) nanoparticles, which provide both the high multiplicity and fluorescence-comparable sensitivity. With the NIR-SERRS nanoparticle palettes, we demonstrate noninvasive and five-plex ratiometric Raman imaging of tumors in living mice. Furthermore, we perform noninvasive and longitudinal imaging of the five-color nanoparticles in the tumors, which is not feasible with current ex vivo multiplexing platforms, demonstrating great potential for noninvasive assessment of multiple biological targets within tumors.
Brittle Behaviour in Aspirin Crystals: Evidence of Spalling Fracture
Authors: Gabriele Benjamin P. A. , Williams Craig J. , Stauffer Douglas , Derby Brian , Cruz-Cabeza Aurora J.
Published: November 2020

Single crystals of aspirin form I were cleaved and indented on their dominant face. Upon inspection, it was possible to observe strongly anisotropic shallow lateral cracks due to the extreme low surface roughness after cleavage. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) imaging showed spalling fractures nucleating from the indent corners, forming terraces with a height of one or two interplanar spacings d100. The formation of such spalling fractures in aspirin was rationalised using basic calculations of attachment energies, showing how (100) layers are poorly bonded when compared to their relatively higher intralayer bonding. An attempt at explaining the preferential propagation of these fractures along the [010] direction is discussed.
A Technoeconomic Evaluation of the Potential of Industrial Biotechnology for the Competitive Production of Commodity and Bulk Chemicals
Authors: Hennigan Jennifer , Wagner Phillip , Burk Chris , Efromson John , Ye Zhixia , Lipscomb Matthew , Lynch Michael
Published: November 2020

Fermentation based bioprocesses are routinely developed for higher value products; however, the development of bioprocesses for larger volume chemicals has lagged. While electrification of transportation may enable significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions in the fuel sector, the production of chemicals, by its very nature, requires a carbon feedstock. The utilization of more sustainable bioprocessing has unique potential in this sector. Despite the start- up of several bio-based chemical facilities none of these technologies have had break-out success, as measured by the construction of multiple follow on plants. A key barrier to the wide-spread adoption of large scale bio-based processes includes the potential financial return on capital spent on new facilities and, importantly, the comparative financial return for bioprocesses vs. incumbent petrochemical technology. A standard metric of a project’s financial return is the internal rate of return or IRR. Bio-based chemical processes will likely not be extensively commercialized unless they have an IRR that is competitive with petrochemical routes.
On the Thermodynamic Control of Ring Opening of 4-Substituted 1,3,3-Tris-Carbethoxycyclobutene and the Role of the C-3 Substituent in Masking the Kinetic Torquoselectivity
Authors: Yadav Veejendra , Prasad Dasari L V K , Yadav Arpita , Rao Maddali L N
Published: November 2020

The predominant transformations of 4-methyl- and 4-phenyl-1,3,3-tris-carbethoxycyclobutenes to s-trans-trans-1,1,3-tris-carbethoxy-4-methyl- and 4-phenyl-1,3-butadienes, respectively, proceed through pathways entailing heterolytic cleavage of the sC3C4 bond rather than the usual four-electron conrotatory ring opening following the rules of torquoselectivity. The adventitious or in situ generated halogen acid from CDCl3 catalyzes the reaction of 4-methyl-1,3,3-tris-carbethoxycyclobutene by protonation of one of the two ester groups on C3 and, thereby, weakening the sC3C4 bond to allow its heterolytic SN2 cleavage by the chloride ion. This is followed by cisoid→transoid isomerization and loss of the elements of the halogen acid to form the products. In the Lewis acid-catalyzed reaction of 4-phenyl-1,3,3-tris-carbethoxycyclobutene in CH2Cl2, coordination of the Lewis acid with one of two ester groups on C3 is followed by heterolytic cleavage of the sC3C4 bond. The resultant species subsequently undergoes cisoid→transoid isomerization before losing the Lewis acid to form the products.
Assessment of Worldwide Internet Data on the interest in Orthodontics: A Google Trends Analysis
Authors: BUYUKCAVUS Muhammed Hilmi , KALE Burak , ORHAN Hikmet
Published: November 2020

Objective: The aim of study is to examine the interest in orthodontics in the last 5 years using Google Trends data all over the world.
Materials and Methods: On July 6, 2020, the Google Trends application was searched for the last five years. Search results were recorded separately for all keywords and separately for 26 countries with sufficient data. The mean of all search results is taken and a Google Trends Value (GTV) is obtained for the countries. These data are correlated with population, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and knowledge of English (English Proficiency Index – EPI) in countries. Pearson correlation test was used for correlation values between Population, GDP and EPI with Google Trend values.
Results: According to the table, the highest GTV were observed in United States (65.33); lowest GTV were observed in France. According to the statistically analysis, a positive correlation was found between GTV with both population and GDP and EPI values. Finally, a positive correlation was found between GDP and EPI values and this positive correlation was statistically significant(p<0.05).
Conclusion: No significant relationship was found between the interest in orthodontics and the population. There is a significant positive correlation between the Gross National Product and the level of knowledge of English.
Comparative Morphometric Analysis of Nucleus Size in Endometrial Hyperplasia and Carcinoma
Authors: UĞUR KILINÇ Ayşe Nur , FINDIK Sıddıka , OLTULU Pembe
Published: November 2020

Objective: Endometrial hyperplasias are the preliminary lesions of endometrial carcinomas. Although the histopathologic features are well-defined, the criteria are not objective and the immunohistochemical techniques are limited, resulting in inconsistency between the observers in cases of hyperplasia. Our study aimed to measure and compare the shortest nuclear diameter (SND) of gland epithelial cells; to find differences and ratios that may help to minimize variations among observers.
Materials and Methods: Our study included 100 cases diagnosed as proliferative endometrium (PE), endometrial hyperplasia, and endometrioid carcinoma from their curettage and hysterectomy materials. For each case, the shortest diameter of 50 gland epithelial cell nuclei was manually measured with an image analysis program (BAB Bs200 Pro Image Analysis Software).
Results: Comparison of binary groups revealed that except the comparisons between glandular epithelial SNDM of EIN (endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia) and glandular epithelial SNDM of AH (atypical hyperplasia), and glandular epithelial SNDM of AH and glandular epithelial SNDM of PE all comparisons were statistically significantly different (p<0.01).
Conclusion: We think that the ratios and comparisons related to nucleus diameters obtained in our study may be useful in practical applications because predictions can be made with routine light microscopy and histopathological examination.
Persisting Prejudice: Measuring Attitudes and Outcomes by Caste and Gender
Authors: Thorat Amit , Khalid Nazar , Shrivastav Nikhil , Hathi Payal , Spears Dean , Coffey Diane
Published: November 2020

We present results from a new representative telephonic survey, which confirms persistence of conservative gender and caste attitudes.  In particular, we find that high proportions of men and women in all of the social groups we study disapprove of women working outside the home, say that it is acceptable for husbands to beat their wives, and would object to relatives marrying a Dalit person.  By analyzing data from the National Family Health Survey and the India Human Development Survey, we see that the outcomes associated with these attitudes are even more conservative: a smaller fraction of women work than those who say it is acceptable, a larger fraction of women experience violence in marriage than men who say it is acceptable, and an even smaller fraction of people have intercaste marriages than people who say they would not oppose. With a few exceptions, the attitudes and outcomes we study vary surprisingly little by respondent gender, caste, and religion.  Dr. Amdebkar’s legacy is indeed unfinished – people from all backgrounds must continue to work for the equality and dignity of women and Dalits.
Thathagata Buddha Songs: Buddhism as Religion and Cultural-Resistance among Dalit Women Singers of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Kalyani Kalyani
Published: November 2020

This paper intends to understand music as a form of cultural expression that has enabled mobility to Dalit-Bahujan and their cultural production. This cultural production can be seen in the form of popular songs that are widely circulated among Dalits and is part of their religion, identity, as well as a cultural assertion. Tathagata Buddha songs, which this paper studies, has been specifically enabling for Dalit women as it gives them not only a sense of religiosity but it also opens them to the possibility of rationalizing their beliefs and practices. The paper will bring up an ethnographic account of some of these Dalit women singers and look into some of their composition and songs that have a specific invocation to Gautam Buddha and of political icons like Babasaheb Ambedkar, whom they revere. A study of Tathagata Buddha songs and Bhimgeet can provide an insight into how music has departed from being just an aesthetic sensibility to a language of resistance against the oppressive caste order. The paper also explores the material dimension of Tathagata Buddha songs understanding its circulation, production, and platforms through which these are popularized.
Key words: Thathagata Buddha, songs, Dalit, resistance
Witch Hunting: A Form of violence against Dalit Women in India
Authors: Yadav Tanvi
Published: November 2020

The Caste system is a social reality in India; despite constitutional rights of equality, protection from discrimination, and the ban on untouchability, discrimination against Dalit communities or Schedule Castes, still persists. Outside and within their caste, Dalit women face triple discrimination based on caste, class and-gender resulting in horrific acts of violence directed against them. Among the most common violent attacks on them across rural India, apart from sexual violence, are those related to declaring them witches, or accusing them of witchcraft, often leading to tragic outcomes such as death of victims. Grabbing property, political jealousy, personal conflicts, getting sexual benefits, or settling old scores are found to be common reasons to declare a woman witch. However, deep down, it is a conspiracy of Brahmanical patriarchy to control resources and sustain caste hierarchy by hitting where it hurts the most – inflicting injuries on Dalit women. They face physical, economic, and cultural violence from social exclusion to being burnt alive. Most witch-hunting victims have been noticed as either, old, widows, or single, women. This paper analyses violence against Dalit women with specific reference to witch- hunting. It explores the caste hierarchy, motives behind such crimes, also the failure of legal mechanisms and judicial institutions in eradicating the menace of witch-hunting.
Ambedkarites in Making: The Process of Awakening and Conversion to Buddhism among Non-Mahar Communities in Maharashtra
Authors: Ghadage Tushar
Published: November 2020

Scholars have presented Buddhist discourse in Maharashtra- the western part of India, as an expression of protest and emancipation of the former untouchable caste Mahar. But in the recent past, people from different social backgrounds belonging to non-Mahar castes have embraced Buddhism. Now it has become the collective discourse of protest of different castes and tribes from marginalized communities. This paper, an outcome of my anthropological study, concerns with changing consciousness among non-Mahar castes regarding conversion to Buddhism as a tool of resistance to overcome caste inequalities. Brahmanical patriarchy is the basis on which the caste system thrives, thus it is the root of women’s oppression. Women’s assertion for a gender-equal society and its actual implementation on the ground constitutes a major part of the anti-caste movement. Therefore, this study also seeks the answer to the question of how Buddhism helps to rupture the caste patriarchy and its rigid structure. A significant indicator would be to see precisely how women are breaking those age-old boundaries of castes. Therefore, this paper also addresses the issue of women’s emancipation through Buddhism and how it challenges the Brahmanical patriarchy and liberates its women followers from oppression.
Diagnóstico médico y atención al paciente
Authors: Paladines Rios Victoria Magdalena , Monge Plaza Fredy Ramón , Monge Paladines Freddy Leonidas , Jumbo Molina Jhonnatan Mauricio
Published: November 2020

El arte del diagnóstico médico ha sido definido por Laín Entralgo en 1982, quien expuso que el “Diagnóstico médico es el conocimiento técnico, y por lo tanto operativo, del estado de salud en que ocasional o habitualmente se encuentra un individuo humano; si tal estado es la sanidad, para conservarlo o mejorarlo, y si es la enfermedad, para descubrir la índole y la estructura de esta o intentar curarla”. Es el arte de identificar una enfermedad a través de los signos y síntomas que el paciente presenta. La atención al paciente es conceptualizada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) (2018) como: “…el conjunto de medios directos y específicos, destinados a poner al alcance del mayor número de personas los recursos de diagnóstico precoz, tratamiento oportuno, de rehabilitación, de la protección médica y de la promoción de la salud”. En este contexto, la OMS centra la preocupación de la atención médica en el individuo, pero también amplía su radio de actividades en prevención, educación para la salud y fomento, teniendo en cuenta las condiciones materiales, sociales y ecológicas de cada caso y familia; de esta forma la atención médica se transforma en integral.
Compendio de Matemáticas Volumen III
Authors: Nieto Guerrero Edwin Dimitri , Vaca de la Torre Fernando Alonso , Rodríguez Rodríguez Eduardo Lázaro
Published: November 2020

Conjuntos, los números reales, inducción matemática, relaciones y funciones, polinomios, funciones exponenciales y funciones logarítmicas, sistema de ecuaciones, planificación óptima, series,calculo diferencial de una variable, de dos o mas variables, cálculo integral de una o mas variables, ecuaciones diferenciales y métodos numéricos. Los autores esperan, que cumpla con las exigencias de la facultad. En este volumen se encuentra los temas de sistemas de ecuaciones lineales y programación lineal. De la observación de estos últimos a˜nos, en los cuales hemos enseñado esta materia, nos ha permitido llegar a la conclusión de que justamente el nivel de conocimientos, así como la habilidad de resolver diferentes tipos de problemas, tiene gran influencia en el éxito de permanencia de los estudiantes en nuestra facultad.
Medicina Critica: Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo
Authors: García Cox Geovanny Gabriel , Valdiviezo Holguín Viviana Carolina , Morante Mendoza Jonathan Livingston , Delgado Peña Marcela Sabrina , Cisneros López Migleth Natally , Suarez Orrala Johanna Denys , Fierro Guzñay Angela María , Santillan Coello Cristian Efrain , Gallegos Saucedo Jessica Marlene , Peralta Buestan Fanny Elizabeth , Carbo Palacio Jorge Andrés
Published: November 2020

La práctica médica presenta en la actualidad diferentes acciones para lograr atención eficiente en los pacientes, ejemplo de ello lo constituye la medicina crítica, mediante la cual, los diferentes profesionales logran ofrecer a los individuos un diagnóstico, evaluación y tratamiento individualizado de manera acorde a su propia sintomatología. Es allí, donde el intensivista se convierte en el profesional capacitado cuyas competencias permiten atender al enferme en estado crítico. En consecuencia, su ubicación en la medicina permite fijar como objetivos la prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de los estados fisiopatológicos que pueden colocar en peligro a la vida. Como tal, esta actividad implica una especialización que requiere un perfil de conocimientos, habilidades y destrezas que le son propias para el proceso de adquisición y prácticas de esta especialidad. Es allí, donde las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos generan, en el marco institucional hospitalario, una estructura capaz de cuidar y sostener las funciones vitales de los pacientes con riesgo actual o potencial de vida y establece pautas de acción, coordinar, evaluar y efectuar el ordenamiento de los pacientes críticos derivados de los distintos servicios.
Enfoques para el desarrollo de la Educación Superior
Authors: Suasnabas Pacheco Lenin Stalin , Vallejo López Alida , Carvajal Chávez Carlos Arturo , Diaz Ronquillo Marcos Alejandro , Cedeño Caballero Jim Víctor , Veliz Blacio Jacqueline Jeaneen
Published: November 2020

El presente libro, hace referencia a los diversos elementos teóricos que respaldan el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje que se desarrolla en las universidades latinoamericanas; consideradas instituciones de Educación Superior acreditadas para el perfeccionamiento de una cultura general integral en los individuos de un país, a través del adelanto de los procesos sustantivos: académico, investigativo-laboral y extensionistas.
O conflito entre Ciência e crença: a aprendizagem do tema origem da vida por estudantes do Ensino Médio
Authors: Nascimento Núbia Costa , Costa Lilia Carolina Carneiro da , Almeida Rosiléia Oliveira de , Pena Fábio Luís Alves
Published: November 2020

Na sala de aula observa-se o multiculturalismo social, evidenciado quando o tema desenvolvido apresenta conflitos entre Ciência e religião. O Brasil apresenta uma expressiva multiplicidade religiosa e, assim, surge uma questão: As crenças influenciam o aprendizado de temas que geram conflito entre Ciência e religião? Este artigo apresenta resultados de pesquisa que teve por objetivo analisar como se relaciona o desempenho escolar de estudantes do Ensino Médio de diferentes crenças no processo de aprendizagem de um tema que gera conflito entre Ciência e religião: a origem da vida. O estudo analisou seis grupos de estudantes: Ateus, Ex-religiosos, Católicos, Protestantes, Espíritas/Espiritualistas e Adeptos de Religiões Afrobrasileiras. Foram utilizados um questionário Likert, que permitiu identificar o índice de aceitação/rejeição ao estudo do tema, e um teste com questões objetivas e mapas conceituais, que permitiram avaliar o desempenho dos estudantes quanto ao conhecimento científico sobre o tema. A análise do questionário permitiu verificar que a relação entre crença e desempenho no processo da aprendizagem do conhecimento científico sobre o tema não apresentou uma diferença significativa no desempenho dos grupos de crença, indicando que, mesmo sendo um tema que gera conflito entre Ciência e crença, esse conflito não interfere de forma negativa no aprendizado.
Original, Original Document and Authentic Document: Revisiting the Relationship of Concepts
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russian Federation, Surovtseva Nataliya G.
Published: November 2020

Within the framework of the traditional methodology of records appraisal, tasks of transferring digital records, created without prior paper documentation, to archival storage present archivists with a dilemma of storing an original of a digital record. However, in electronic environment storing the original as the first and only copy of the record is fundamentally impossible. The article strives to substantiate the methodological approach generated in international practice to ensure storage of digital records. The article considers the origin and development of the concept of “original” in national terminological standards, meaning first or only copy of a record. The author draws attention to the fact that this term was introduced and used in conjunction with the term “official record.” It was not universal in its nature, only to be used in the field of management. Concurrently, the term “original document” was used; this was associated with possibility of the author identifying the record. The analysis concludes that under modern conditions, the context for the term “original document” has been lost, and, therefore, its continued use is impracticable. Information technology induces to introduce the term “authentic document.” In recent years, it has been used due to studying international standards of records management. The concept of “authentic document” is usually translated as “original,” however, these concepts are not completely synonymous. Authenticity of a record implies not simply availability of information about its author, time and place of creation, but also a need to properly certify them. The introduction of the term “authentic record” allows to create a new methodological paradigm of storing digital records in a trusted execution environment, using migration and conversion procedures and creating legal conditions for usage of digital duplicates of paper records.
Monitoring of the Russian Archival Institutions Web Sites in Terms of Search Engine Optimization
Authors:   Kemerovo State Institute of Culture, Kemerovo, Russian Federation, Malysheva Elena N.
Published: November 2020

Sites as virtual representatives of memory institutions on the Internet perform many functions of these institutions. Currently, archival site building is developing quite actively, and the attention of researchers is focused on organization, data layout, and design. One of the most important tasks of a memory institution is to attract users. However, literature has been paying insufficient attention to optimization of the sites’ search engines. Thus, the author has turned to studying the sites of the federal archives in terms of their search engine optimization. Comparative analysis of the sites has been carried out according to such criteria as site quality index, number of external links to the resource, total social activity, as well as adaptability of the site for mobile devices. The PR-CY.ru service has been used as an analysis tool. Site Quality Index (IQS) is a new indicator introduced by Yandex instead of citation index to characterize the site’s usefulness to the user, taking into account a large number of factors and more truthfully reflecting the state of the information resource. According to the study, the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF) and the State Archive of Ancient Acts (RGADA) have the highest value of IQS, and are, thus, good sites from the user’s point of view. The majority of sites of federal archives have low IQS and need further improvement. An important indicator in website promotion is number of links to the website. In number of external links, the GARF and the Russian State Archive of the Navy (RGAVMF) are in the lead, while the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History (RGASPI) and the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art (RGALI) number most links from social networks. Sites of the RGAVMF and the Russian State Military Archive (RGVA) are optimized for mobile devices. Few sites have responsive design, which complicates access to their data. The author notes the need for regular site monitoring by means of web analytics. As a free site analysis tool, she recommends the PR-CY.ru service.