bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leadership and Employee Analysis A Case Study of Pakistani Banking Industry
Authors: Masood Maidah , Ali Usman
Published: July 2024

This research examines how leadership, motivation, and training affect job satisfaction and performance in a corporation. This inquiry seeks to discover how firms may boost employee productivity and pleasure by evaluating these attributes. We will utilize surveys to collect primary quantitative data from workers. This research seeks to understand these elements' connections and causalities. Businesses are continuously looking for new methods to boost employee productivity and job satisfaction. Due to the competitive and complex business climate today. It is crucial to consider these two interconnected traits since they directly affect a company's performance, productivity, and profitability. These concerns must be followed. Training, motivation, and leadership are considered the most essential variables affecting employee performance and work satisfaction. These components are considered most crucial. After measuring and analysing these three independent variables, this study found that these are the key factors. Understanding how these components interact and contribute to results can help companies design more effective personnel management and development strategies. This knowledge will help firms improve personnel management and development initiatives. This is possible because you must understand how these components interact.  Training is considered essential to worker development. This is because training gives worker’s new skills and experiences.
Inductive Wireless Power Transfer for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles using Split Core Transformer and Resonant LLC Circuit
Authors: Iñigo Rozas  , Iñigo Martínez de Alegría  , Alberto Otero  , Endika Robles  , Iker Aretxabaleta
Published: July 2024

Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) are pivotal for underwater exploration and maintenance. Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), with their potential to reduce operational time and environmental impact, are gaining increased interest. However, they face important technological challenges, particularly in power supply. This study focuses into the application of Inductive Wireless Power Transfer (IWPT) for continuous AUV operation, employing tightly coupled split core transformers (SCT) designed for near-field power transfer. Robust isolation and alignment mechanisms are proposed to overcome the effects of seawater environment. An IWPT device with an SCT and resonant LLC circuit is simulated and experimentally tested. Finite Element Method studies highlight the advantage of isolating the device from the seawater environment, especially at high frequencies. LLC simulation and experimental results demonstrate an efficiency in power transfer of 93.2 % and 87.1 %, respectively, transferring up to 312 W. However, global efficiency of the experimental device drops to 76.4 %, highlighting the need for optimizations in circuit design.
ЭЛЕКТР КӨЛІКТЕРІНІҢ ӘЛЕМДЕГІ ЖӘНЕ БІЗДІҢ ЕЛІМІЗДЕГІ ДАМУ ПЕРСПЕКТИВАСЫ
Authors: Калиев Ербол , Жуманов Мерген , Турсымбекова Закира , Мырзагельдиев Ренат , Козбагаров Рустем
Published: July 2024

Мақалада қазіргі таңда әлемде іштен жану қозғалтқышты автомобильдерді ығыстырып келе жатқан электр көліктерінің әлемдегі өндірісінің өсу қарқыны және оның нарығының Қазақстан республикасының автомобильдер нарығына әсері жайында, Еуропалық Одақтың «жасыл күн тәртібі», АҚШ пен Қытай автоөндірушілердің соңғы жылдары енгізген шаралары мен электр көліктерін өндіру көлемдерінің арту динамикасы көрсетілген. Сонымен бірге, Еуропалық Одақ және басқа мемлекттерде электр көліктерін өндіру, сату және олардың инфрақұрылымын дамытудағы оңды шешімдері жайлы айтылған. ҚР Ішкі істер министрлігінің 2022 жыл басынан 2023 жылғы қазанына дейінгі еліміздегі әр-бір өңір бойынша жылдық өсу динамикасы, оның ішіндегі электр машиналарының түрлері бойынша статистикалық мәліметтер келтірілген. Мақалада іштен жану қозғалтқышты автомобильдер мен электр көліктерінің ерекшеліктеріне тоқталып, автор бұл екі көлік түрінің пайдаланушылық (эксплуатациялық) шығындарын есептей келе, жасыл көліктің экономикалық тиімділігін атап көрсеткен. Электр көліктерінің көптеген артықшылықтарына қарамастан, еліміздегі көлік жүргізушілері бұл көлік түріне қазірше ауыспайтындығын айта келе, оның себептеріне жеке- жеке тоқталған. Сонымен бірге, бұл кедергілерді жою шараларын да атап көрсеткен.
ОБЗОР ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ РЕШЕНИЙ ПО ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЮ БИОГАЗА
Authors: Онгар Булбул , Сарсенбаев Ерлан , Егзекова Анара , Калымов Калымжан , Сеитбек Ерлан
Published: July 2024

С точки зрения постоянного роста цен на основные энергопотребители и истощения мировых запасов углеводородов, все больше и больше государств разрабатывают альтернативные источники энергии.  Одним из таких видов является биогаз. Несмотря на известные трудности, в Республике Казахстан проводятся подробные исследования в этой области. Основными недостатками биогазовой энергетики являются достаточный вес удельных капитальных затрат, низкая рентабельность проекта, энергия по централизованной сети. Однако спрос на биогазовые установки (БГ) в Казахстане велик как для мелких потребителей (емкость резервуара для метана 3-21 м3), так и для потребителей среднего размера (емкость резервуара для метана 30-100 м3). Когда отходы, включая органические вещества, тепло, воду, газ и воздух, перерабатываются в технологической производственной цепочке, комплексный подход к производственной деятельности оказывает минимальное влияние на качество воздуха, продуктивность региональных энергосистем. Такой подход не является новшеством. В основном, изменения эволюционные и революционные, а также в энергетическом секторе, взаимосвязаны, дополняют и часто заменяют друг друга. Не исключены случаи возврата к старому техническому решению, основанному на качественно новой технической базе.
ЭКОНОМИКО-МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ОЦЕНКИ РАЗНЫХ ВАРИАНТОВ МЕХАНИЗАЦИИ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА ОБЪЕКТОВ ТРАНСПОРТНОЙ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЫ
Authors: Кунаев Вячеслав , Кадыров Адиль , Титова Жанна , Кан Светлана , Белгибаева Ляззат
Published: July 2024

В статье представлена экономико-математическая модель, позволяющая сравнивать различные варианты механизации строительства объектов транспортной инфраструктуры по заданным критериям оптимальности. В качестве критериев оптимальности предложено использовать дисконтированные затраты на строительство дороги, срок и трудоемкость строительства. Критерий «дисконтированные затраты на строительство дороги» устанавливает взаимосвязь между основными показателями строительно-дорожных машин, расходами на приобретение и доставку стройматериалов и другими параметрами, позволяя сравнивать стоимость дорожного строительства при различных вариантах комплектования парка транспортной техники. Критерий «минимальная трудоемкость строительства» используется в случае, если трудовые ресурсы ограничены. Критерий «минимальная продолжительность строительства» применяется, когда конкретную дорогу необходимо построить в минимальные сроки. Статья также содержит алгоритм расчетов по предложенной экономико-математической модели. Задавая на входе модели характеристики машин, затраты на выполнение всех видов их ремонта, диагностирование и техническое обслуживание, стоимость дорожно-строительных материалов и прочие переменные, на выходе можно получить суммарные дисконтированные затраты на строительство автомобильной дороги. Анализ влияния задаваемых параметров на числовые значения главного и дополнительных критериев оптимальности позволяет выбирать возможные пути оптимизации дорожного строительства.
ON THE ISSUE OF COMPLIANCE OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT FACILITIES FOR SERVICING LOW-MOBILITY GROUPS OF THE POPULATION
Authors: Musaev Zhanat , Akhmetova Patam , Mustapaev Koldasbay , Utepova Akerke , Kasymova Akmarjan
Published: July 2024

In a civilized society, the attitude towards people with disabilities is one of the most important indicators of its development. According to statistics, about 10% of the world's population suffers from various ailments that limit their physical abilities. Over time, this indicator will only grow, this, in turn, is due to man-made factors, an increase in life expectancy, injuries, diseases, etc. The article examines the experience of developed countries in creating accessible transport infrastructure for low-mobility groups of the population. Various options and practical solutions for the construction and modernization of transport facilities are being considered, taking into account the service of low-mobility groups of the population. Practical recommendations have been developed that can be used as a basis for the design, modernization and construction of railway infrastructure facilities, as well as creating conditions for low-mobility groups of the population.
ЖЕТКІЗУ ТІЗБЕГІН БАСҚАРУДАҒЫ МАНИПУЛЯЦИЯЛЫҚ ЕМЕС ЖОСПАРЛАУ МЕХАНИЗМДЕРІ
Authors: Кенжебай Жанетта , Ахметкалиева Сандыгүл
Published: July 2024

Мақалада логистикадағы жеткізу тізбегін жоспарлаудағы басым стратегиялардың орындылығына манипуляциялық емес механизмдердің, атап айтқанда тікелей механизмдердің әсері қарастырылды. Логистикалық үдерістің тұрақтылығын, ашықтығын және тиімділігін қамтамасыз ету үшін жеткізу тізбегіндегі өзгермейтін элементтер мен процестерді пайдаланудың маңыздылығын атап көрсетеді. Манипуляциялық емес механизмдерге бағытталған көзқарас манипуляцияның әсерін барынша азайтуға көмектеседі, бұл өз кезегінде логистикадағы басым стратегияларға қол жеткізуге ықпал етеді. Зерттеу манипуляциялық емес механизмдер принциптерін енгізу арқылы жеткізілім тізбегін жоспарлауды, басқаруды жақсартудың жаңа перспективасын ұсынады. Өндірістегі бизнес-процестердің тиімділігін арттырудың қазіргі тенденцияларының бірі тауарлық-материалдық қорларды басқарудың автоматтандырылған жүйелерін (АС/РС) енгізу болып табылады. Бұл зерттеуде біз AS/RS пайдалану пайызының кәсіпорынның жалпы шығындарына әсерін талдауды мақсат етіп, Қазақстандағы Knauf еншілес кәсіпорнына назар аударамыз. Бұл зерттеудің мақсаты ЖШС «Knauf» компаниясының қаржылық көрсеткіштеріне манипуляциялық емес AS/RS әсерін сыни тұрғыдан бағалау ғана емес, сонымен қатар регрессиялық деректерді талдау негізінде стратегиялық ұсыныстарды ұсыну болып табылады. Бұл қатынастарды талдау қорларды басқару үшін құнды ақпарат беріп қана қоймайды, сонымен қатар бизнес-процестердің жалпы тиімділігіне әсер ететін факторларды жақсырақ түсінуге мүмкіндік береді. Регрессиялық талдауды пайдалана отырып, AS/RS пайдалану пайызын қоса алғанда, жалпы жеткізу тізбегі шығындарына әсер ететін негізгі айнымалылар анықталды. Ойын теориясы жеткізу тізбегіне қатысушылар арасындағы өзара әрекеттестіктің стратегиялық аспектілерін шешу үшін біріктірілген. Нәтижелер AS/RS пайдалануды оңтайландыру және тиімділікті арттыру үшін қызметкерлерді оқытуға инвестициялау бойынша ұсыныстарды қолдайды. Қорытындылар жеткізу тізбегін басқарудың тұрақты стратегияларын жасау үшін ойын теориясына негізделген ынтымақтастықтың әлеуетін көрсетеді. Мақала логистикадағы жеткізу тізбегін жоспарлауды жетілдіруде манипуляциялық емес механизмдердің рөлін анықтады. Өзгермейтін элементтер мен процестерді пайдалану операциялардың тұрақтылығына, ашықтығына және тиімділігіне ықпал ететіні, бұл өз кезегінде логистиканы жүзеге асыруға ықпал ететіні атап өтілген. Сенімділікті арттыру және процестерді оңтайландыру үшін жеткізу тізбегіндегі манипуляцияларды азайтуға бағытталған тәсілдердің қажеттілігі атап өтіледі. Бұл зерттеу практиктер мен зерттеушілер үшін манипуляциялық емес механизмдер принциптерін енгізу арқылы жеткізу тізбегін басқаруды одан әрі жақсарту үшін маңызды түсініктер береді.
ВИРУСТЫҚ ИНФЕКЦИЯЛАРДЫ ДИАГНОСТИКАЛАУҒА АРНАЛҒАН ОПТИКАЛЫҚ ТАЛШЫҚҚА НЕГІЗДЕЛГЕН БИОСЕНСОРЛАР
Authors: Қашағанова Гүлжан , Нурахметов Бауыржан , Тогжанова Күлжан
Published: July 2024

Вирустық аурулар адамзат үшін үлкен қауіп болып табылады, өйткені олар халық арасында тез таралуы мүмкін және тіпті көптеген адамдардың өліміне әкелуі мүмкін.  Осындай мысалдардың бірі – коронавирустың жедел респираторлық синдромынан туындаған және соңғы 4 жылда әлемдік қауымдастыққа қатты әсер еткен COVID-19-ның жақында тез таралуы. Вирустық ауруды ерте диагностикалау тез қалпына келу мүмкіндігін арттырып қана қоймайды, сонымен қатар инфекциялардың таралуын болдырмауға көмектеседі. Осылайша, вирустық аурулардың таралуын бақылау және бақылау мақсатында халықтың үлкен көлемін сынау үшін дәл, өте сезімтал, жылдам және қол жетімді диагностикалық әдістерге шұғыл қажеттілік бар. Бұл мақалада   вирустық инфекцияларды анықтауда замануи оптикалық талшыққа негізделген биосенсорларды қолдану және олардың артықшылықтары мен кемшіліктері, жұмыс істеу принциптері қарастырылған.  Биосенсорлардың механизмдері мен технологиялары қолайлы биомедициналық құрылғылар мен үрдістерді пайдалана отырып әдістерді қолдануға негізделген: локализацияланған беттік плазмондық резонанстар арқылы плазмоникалық өрісті күшейту; күшейтілген беттік комбинациялық шашырау; нано-Фурье түрлендіруі бар инфрақызыл спектроскопия; талшықты Брэгг торлары; микрорезонаторлар.Сонымен қатар мақалада  біз вирустарды анықтау үшін оптикалық талшыққа негізделген биосенсорларды қолдануды қарастырамыз. Соңғы жылдары бұл оңалту техникасы үшін биомеханика мен медицинадағы сенсорлық қолданбалар үшін және олардың шағын өлшем, жеңіл салмақ, биоүйлесімділік, химиялық инерттілік, мультиплекстеу қабілеті және электромагниттік кедергілерге қарсы иммунитет сияқты артықшылықтарына байланысты барған сайын тартымды болып келе жатқан талшықты Брэгг торы (ТБТ) негізіндегі биосенсорлар болды.
КОНТРОЛЬ СПЕЦИФИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ПОЛЕТА НА АВИАСИМУЛЯТОРЕ ПЕРСПЕКТИВНОГО ВОЗДУШНОГО СУДНА С АТОМНОЙ СИЛОВОЙ УСТАНОКОЙ
Authors: Алдамжаров Казбек , Молдабеков Айдос , Ким Дмитрий , Жандилдинова Карлыгаш , Шинтаева Лаззат
Published: July 2024

Тренажерная подготовка является неотъемлемой частью обучения пилота и предваряет практический налет на каждом отдельном типе воздушного судна, фактически обеспечивая его безопасную летную эксплуатацию. Существующие программы тренажерной подготовки, несмотря на многократную апробацию временем и опытом высококвалифицированных пилотов и инструкторов, продолжают совершенствоваться главным образом в связи с появлением новых типов воздушных судов. В настоящее время создание, техническая и летная эксплуатация самолетов с атомной силовой установкой, от использования которых ведущие ядерные державы – США и СССР – отказались еще в 60-70-е годы ХХ века в связи с повышенным уровнем радиационной опасности при аварии и доз индивидуального облучения пилотов в процессе повседневной работы, приобретают новую актуальность в связи с применением реакторов, работающих на низкообогащенном урановом топливе UO2 (с обогащением по 235U до 20%) при прежней высокой плотности энерговыделения по сравнению с авиационным бензином или керосином и обеспечиваемой за счет этого длительности беспосадочного полета в течение нескольких десятков часов. В статье предложены параметры безопасной работы атомной силовой установки перспективного самолета, контроль которых следует отрабатывать в процессе тренажерной подготовки во избежание повышенного облучения членов экипажа, радиационных аварий на реакторе и связанных с ними авиационных происшествий.
ЭЛЕКТРОНДЫҚ БІЛІМ БЕРУ АКТ КУРСТАРЫ ҮШІН КОМПЬЮТЕРЛІК ОНТОЛОГИЯЛАРДЫҢ ҚҰРЫЛЫМЫН ЖЕТІЛДІРУ
Authors: Сабитова Назым , Лахно Валерий , Ниязова Розамгуль , Абуова Акбала , Маликова Феруза
Published: July 2024

Мақалада электрондық курстарға (ЭК) арналған компьютерлік онтологияларды (КО) түрлендірудің жетілдірілген әдіснамасы ұсынылған. Университеттер, мектептер немесе мектептен тыс мекемелер үшін ақпараттық-коммуникациялық технологиялар (АКТ) саласында ЭК құру үшін, сондай-ақ мамандарды кәсіптік қайта даярлау кезінде осындай әдіснаманы қолдану мысалы қарастырылады. Әдіснама КО формалды онтографын граф түрінде ұсыну және графта оңтайлы жолдарды табу графымен жұмыс істеу әдістерін қолдану арқылы КО түрлендіруді қамтиды. Оңтайлы КО іздестіру үшін генетикалық алгоритмді (ГА) қолдану ұсынылады. ГА қолдану онтографтың тармақтарға бөлінуіне әкеліп соғады және сонымен қатар ЭК оқу материалы бойынша белгілі бір мағынада барынша жақсы траекторияны есептеуге мүмкіндік береді. Бұл тәсілдің АКТ пәні бойынша силабустың ерекшеліктерімен жақсы үйлесетіні көрсетілген. Бұл әдіснаманы толық іске асыру үшін ЭК және/немесе электрондық оқулықтарды әзірлеу бойынша осы рәсімді автоматтандыратын мамандандырылған бағдарламалық құралды әзірлеу қажет екендігі көрсетілген.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СВОЙСТВ КЕРАМИКИ НА ОСНОВЕ ДИОКСИДА ЦИРКОНИЯ ОБЛУЧЕННОЙ ИОНАМИ С ЭНЕРГИЯМИ ОСКОЛКОВ ДЕЛЕНИЯ ЯДЕРНОГО ТОПЛИВА
Authors: Даулетбекова Алма , Акылбекова Айман , Звонарев Сергей , Никифоров Сергей , Ахметова-Абдик Гульжанат
Published: July 2024

Синтезированы образцы керамик ZrO2 с различной концентрацией примесных ионов титана путем смешивания порошков оксидов циркония и титана в различных массовых соотношениях. Определены фазовый состав и морфология поверхности исследуемых керамик методами рентгенофазового анализа и сканирующей электронной микроскопии. Установлено, что облучение образцов высокоэнергетическими ионами ксенона (220 МэВ) с флюенсами 1010 и 1012 ион/см2, моделирующие воздействие осколков деления ядерного топлива приводит к уменьшению интенсивности полосы импульсной катодолюминесценции при 2.5 эВ. Показано, что ионное облучение вызывает появление нового пика термолюминесценции при 450-650 К неэлементарной формы, связанного с радиационно-индуцированными ловушками носителей заряда. В отличие от электронного облучения, рост флюенса ионов приводит к падению интенсивности указанного пика. Обнаружена сложная немонотонная зависимость интенсивности катодо- и термолюминесценции от концентрации допанта, которая может быть обусловлена эффектами концентрационного тушения и агрегации дефектных центров.
El Tenis en Silla de Ruedas en 2010
Authors: Bullock Mark , Sanz David
Published: July 2024

La ITF fue la primera federación internacional que incluyó el elemento discapacidad en el deporte lo cual ha permitido pasar de una fortaleza a otra fortaleza. El crecimiento y evolución del tenis en silla de ruedas ha sido notable. Para un deporte en silla de ruedas que se está acercando a su 35º aniversario, los avances han sido significativos. El factor más importante ha sido el reconocimiento del tenis en silla de ruedas como parte de la familia tenística, por parte de la Federación Internacional de Tenis.
PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN TENTANG STATUS GIZI DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN PERKEMBANGAN BALITA
Authors: Asih Fatriansari  , Rahmalia Apriyani  , Putinah  , Abdul Syafei
Published: July 2024

Tumbuh kembang anak dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor salah satunya adalah asupan zat gizi anak dari makanan yang diberikan oleh orang tuanya. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini merupakan implementasi dari hasil penelitian yang didapatkan hasil bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara status gizi dan perkembangan anak prasekolah usia 5 tahun. Kegiatan ini dilakukan di RT 21 Kelurahan Pulokerto Kecamatan Gandus pada tanggal 16 November Tahun 2023 diikuti oleh 24 orang peserta. Hasil yang didapat dalam kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah adanya peningkatan skor pengetahuan peserta. Sebelum mendapat edukasi tentang status gizi rerata skor pengetahuan peserta adalah 5.90±1.136 dengan skor terendah adalah 4 dan skor tertinggi adalah 8. Setelah mendapat edukasi Kesehatan rerata skor pengetahuan peserta menjadi 7.62±0.921 dengan skor terendah adalah 6 dan tertinggi adalah 9. Perlu dilakukan peningkatan koordinasi dengan pihak kader dan puskesmas gandus dalam rangka penyelenggaraan edukasi seacra berkala minimal satu kali dalam satu bulan serta membuat poster dan bener cara pemantauan status gizi dalam upaya peningkatan perkembangan anak usia prasekolah.
Machine Learning and the Future of Preventative Cardiology: A Look at Early Detection Techniques
Authors: Kosaraju Deekshitha
Published: July 2024

The rise of machine learning (ML) in cardiology signifies a significant shift towards proactive healthcare management especially in the early identification of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This article explores how ML algorithms, by analyzing healthcare data not only forecast potential heart issues but also enhance patient outcomes by enabling early intervention strategies. It underscores the role of ML in synthesizing intricate patient data - from genetic details to lifestyle habits - to pinpoint risk factors well before clinical symptoms appear. This proactive strategy aims to reduce the incidence of CVDs which're among the primary causes of death globally thereby increasing life expectancy and enhancing quality of life. By examining technologies and predictive models in depth this article showcases the transformative impact of ML on reshaping the future of cardiological care through moving beyond conventional diagnostic methods, towards a more predictive and personalized healthcare framework.

Keywords: Machine Learning, Early Detection, Cardiovascular Diseases, Preventative Cardiology, Predictive Analytics
Inventory Replenishment from a Single Supplier to Multiple Retailers in Rural Area in Supply Chain
Authors: Encho L. T. , Asogwa O. C. , Eze N. M. , Christopher C. C.
Published: July 2024

Supply chain management (SCM) is the management of operations that are involved in the procurement of raw materials, its processing into finished goods, and distribution to the end consumer. In order to maximize profits in the supply chain, more customers should be explored from the rural areas but there is difficulty in reaching the customers due to road network accessibility for heavy loaded trucks. Our objective seeks to find out the optimum quantity and optimal cost required by the supplier and customer to maximize the supply chain profit. We applied a quantity-based mathematical model with renewal theory and shipment consolidation to obtain the profit function in the supply chain system. Then, we presented a solution to the model to determine the optimal solution in the supply chain. Our results show that the demand rate and the supply chain’s profit are higher, especially for the more retailers demand. Therefore, involving small vehicles for delivery of products to customers into areas where road network accessibility is difficult for heavy trucks is advantageous for the supply chain.
¿Que veinte años no es nada? Cambios y continuidades en los criterios de evaluación del Programa de Incentivos a Docentes-Investigadores en la universidad argentina (1994-2014)
Authors: Sarthou Nerina
Published: July 2024

Desde que el Estado comenzó a incidir en el desarrollo de la ciencia y la tecnología por medio de políticas públicas específicas para el sector, adoptó procedimientos, dispositivos y criterios de evaluación para distribuir recursos y afectar actividades, organismos o disciplinas específicas. A partir de la década de 1980, los países de América Latina comenzaron a implementar sistemas o programas para alterar la labor de los científicos y lograr un incremento en la producción de conocimientos, distribuyendo recursos materiales y simbólicos. En Argentina, en 1994 empezó a implementarse un programa destinado a promover la investigación, particularmente, en todas las universidades de gestión pública del país. Transcurridos veinte años desde la creación de este programa, el presente trabajo busca caracterizar su sistema de evaluación y analizar concretamente las transformaciones de sus criterios, con el propósito de brindar una visión sintetizada sobre los momentos y el sentido que adoptaron los cambios.
FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI NILAI PERUSAHAAN DENGAN MEDIASI KINERJA PERUSAHAAN PADA PERUSAHAAN PROPERTI
Authors: Michael Michael , Wijaya Henryanto
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bukti empiris tentang pengaruh struktur modal, kepemilikan institusional, dan kepemilikan manajerial terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan kinerja perusahaan sebagai mediasi pada perusahaan sektor properti yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2019 sampai dengan 2021. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling sehingga diperoleh 51 perusahaan sampel. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan program SmartPLS 4.0.8.4. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa struktur modal, kepemilikan institusional, dan kepemilikan manajerial tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan, dan kinerja perusahaan tidak memediasi hubungan antara struktur modal, kepemilikan institusional, dan kepemilikan manajerial terhadap nilai perusahaan. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah investor perlu memperhatikan faktor eksternal seperti situasi ekonomi global, sentimen investor, dan keadaan pasar modal untuk dapat mengukur nilai sebuah perusahaan secara lebih akurat.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL, AUDIT INVESTIGASI DAN AKUNTANSI FORENSIK TERHADAP PENGUNGKAPAN KECURANGAN PADA PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN BALI
Authors: Ramadhana Rizki Novia , Sari Kartika Rachman , Wahyudi Riza
Published: July 2024

Tindak kecurangan merupakan tindakan yang telah dirancang individu guna mendapatkan keuntungan lebih daripada yang lain. Untuk mengurangi tingkat kecurangan maka diperlukan pengungkapan kecurangan secara dini. Pengendalian internal, akuntansi forensik dan audit investigasi termasuk pada metode mengungkapkan kecurangan sedari dini. Penelitian ini diharapkan untuk mengukur bagaimana pengaruh penerapan pengendalian internal, audit investigasi, dan akuntansi forensik dalam mengungkapkan suatu tindak kecurangan. Pengumpulan data dengan penyebaran angket dan data diolah dengan aplikasi SPSS versi 26 dengan teknik analisis regresi berganda. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa pengendalian internal dan audit investigasi berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pengungkapan kecurangan, sedangkan akuntansi forensik tidak berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan kecurangan. Namun secara keseluruhan (simultan) pengendalian internal, audit investigasi, dan akuntansi forensik berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan kecurangan pada pemerintah Kabupaten PALI.
DETERMINAN MINAT MAHASISWA AKUNTANSI MENGIKUTI PENDIDIKAN PROFESI AKUNTANSI (PPAK) DENGAN MOTIVASI SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI
Authors: Murapi Ikang , Astarini Dewa Ayu Oki , Fahrurrohmi Hairil
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi minat mahasiswa mengikuti Pendidikan Profesi Akuntansi (PPAk). Pendidikan profesi akuntansi adalah pendidikan lanjutan setelah selesai menempuh pendidikan sarjana S1 jurusan akuntansi penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Sampel dalam penelitian ini mahasiswa fakultas ekonomi dan bisnis strata 1 akuntansi minimal semester 7 universitas yang ada dilombok. Penentuan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan rumus slovin. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah 5 universitas, dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 55 mahasiswa. Pada penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh biaya pendidikan, lama pendidikan, dan pegaruh orang tua terhadap minat mahasiswa mengikuti pendidikan profesi akuntansi dengan motivasi sebagai variabel moderasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan yaitu Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA), analisis statistik deskriptif, uji asumsi klasik, uji determinasi koefisien (R2) dan uji hipotesis (uji t) dan uji f. Berdasarkan hasil pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Biaya pendikan dan motivasi mampu memperlemah minat mahasiswa mengikuti PPAk. Lama pendidikan dan motivasi tidak mampu memperkuat hubungan terhadap minat mahasiswa mengikuti PPAk. Pengaruh orang tua dan motivasi tidak mampu memperkuat hubungan terhadap minat mahasiswa mengikuti PPAk. Berdasarkan hasil empiris pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Biaya pendikan memiliki pengaruh terhadap minat mahasiswa mengikuti PPAk. Lama pendikan memiliki pengaruh terhadap minat mahasiswa mengikuti PPAk. Pengaruh orang tua tidak berpengaruh terhadap minat mahasiswa mengikuti PPAk.
PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, SOLVABILITAS, dan AUDIT TENURE TERHADAP AUDIT DELAY (STUDI PADA SEKTOR TEKNOLOGI DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2018-2022)
Authors: Faatin Faradiba Nurjannah , Eltivia Nurafni , Riwajanti Nur Indah
Published: July 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini ialah sebagai analisis pengaruh Profitabilitas, Solvabilitas, Audit Tenure pada Audit Delay perusahaan sektor teknologi yang ada di BEI tahun 2018-2022. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang diterapkan peneliti ialah teknik purposive sampling menggunakan data sekunder. Kemudian, data dianalisis melalui analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasilnya dengan parsial Profitabilitas dan Audit Tenure terhadap Audit Delay tidak mempengaruhi signifikan sedangkan Solvabilitas berpengaruh negatif signifikan. Untuk pengujian secara simultan variabel Profitabilitas, Solvabilitas dan Audit Tenure terhadap Audit Delay berpengaruh signifikan dengan persentase 56,4% dan sebesar 43,6% diterangkan dari variabel lain selain variabel dalam penelitian ini. Perusahaan sebaiknya lebih fokus pada variabelvariabel yang diduga memiliki dampak signifikan terhadap Audit Delay seperti umur perusahaan, jenis opini auditor, dan ukuran KAP karena variabel-variabel tersebut sangat penting dalam membantu mereka mengambil keputusan.
PENGARUH LEVERAGE, CAPITAL INTENSITY, KOMISARIS INDEPENDEN, KEPEMILIKAN INSTITUSIONAL, KOMITE AUDIT DAN THIN CAPITALIZATION TERHADAP TAX AVOIDANCE
Authors: Rahmadi Adam Dwi , Mujiyati Mujiyati
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh leverage, capital intensity, komisaris independen, kepemilikan institusional, komite audit dan thin capitalization terhadap tax avoidance. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari data perusahaan manufaktur yang menerbitkan laporan keuangan dan laporan tahunan di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) dan website resmi perusahaan periode 2020-2022. Sampel yang digunakan untuk meneliti ini diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling.  Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Alat analisis yang digunakan oleh peneliti berupa analisis statistik deskriptif, uji asumsi klasik, uji regresi linear berganda dan uji hipotesis menggunakan SPSS versi 26.0. Hasil penelitian memberikan bukti bahwa leverage, capital intensity, kepemilikan institusional berpengaruh terhadap tax avoidance, sedangkan komisaris independen, komite audit, thin capitalization tidak berpengaruh terhadap tax avoidance
MEDIASI GREEN ACCOUNTING PADA FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE DAN ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE TERHADAP FIRM VALUE
Authors: Safinatunnayah Zihan Ayu , Darminto Dwi Prastowo , Lysandra Shanti , Ahmar Nurmala , Harnovinsah Harnovinsah
Published: July 2024

Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh financial performance dan environmental performance pada firm value dimediasi oleh green accounting. Sampel yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 25 perusahaan sub sektor industri yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2020 – 2022. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan purposive sampling untuk data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa financial performance dan environmental performance berpengaruh terhadap green accounting, financial performance berpengaruh terhadap firm value, environmental performance dan green accounting tidak berpengaruh terhadap firm value, serta financial performance dan environmental performance tidak berpengaruh terhadap firm value dimediasi oleh green accounting. Biaya lingkungan hidup untuk menerapkan praktik green accounting terlalu kecil sehingga menimbulkan kurangnya loyalitas dari konsumen, hal tersebut akan mengurangi kepercayaan dari investor terhadap perusahaan, dan menyebabkan adanya penilaian buruk dari KLHK yang ditunjukan dengan rendahnya peringkat PROPER, hal tersebut akan menimbulkan keraguan dari investor terhadap perusahaan.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN APLIKASI SISTEM INFORMASI PEMERINTAH DAERAH (SIPD) DAN KOMPETENSI SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA TERHADAP KUALITAS LAPORAN KEUANGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH (STUDI PADA SATUAN KERJA PERANGKAT DAERAH KOTA BANDUNG)
Authors: Fitriasari Dina
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penerapan aplikasi Sistem Informasi Pemerintah Daerah (SIPD) dan kompetensi sumber daya manusia terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan pemerintah daerah di Kota Bandung. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, penerapan aplikasi SIPD memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan, dengan nilai Thitung sebesar 4.110 dan nilai signifikansi 0.001. Selain itu, kompetensi sumber daya manusia juga menunjukkan pengaruh positif dan signifikan dengan nilai Thitung sebesar 3.762 dan nilai signifikansi 0.001. Hasil uji koefisien determinasi menunjukkan bahwa kedua variabel ini memberikan kontribusi sebesar 55.8% terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan pemerintah daerah, sedangkan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain di luar penelitian ini.
PENGARUH PROFITABILITY, LEVERAGE, DAN ISNTITUSIONAL OWNERSHIPS TERHADAP FIRM VALUE PADA SEKTOR INFRASTRUCTURE PERIODE 2021-2023
Authors: Marshella Marshella , Wijaya Henryanto
Published: July 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengumpulkan data empiris tentang pengaruh profitability, leverage, dan institutional ownership terhadap firm value pada perusahaan infrastruktur yang terdaftar antara tahun 2021 hingga 2023 di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling dan sampel data sekunder dikumpulkan terdiri dari 68 perusahaan. Analisis data tersebut menggunakan SPSS Statistics Version 29 dan Microsoft Excel 2021. Berdasarkan hasil uji-t, pengaruh profitability dan institutional ownership berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap firm value, sedangkan leverage berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap firm value.
PENGUNGKAP HUBUNGAN PENGHINDARAN PAJAK DAN NILAI PERUSAHAAN: ANALISIS VARIABEL INTERVENING
Authors: Agustina Cindy , Murtanto Murtanto
Published: July 2024

Di negara ini, pajak sangat penting untuk mendanai pemerintah. Pendapatan pajak memungkinkan pemerintah untuk membiayai elemen-elemen penting yang mendorong pembangunan nasional. Perusahaan secara legal dapat mengurangi beban pajak mereka melalui praktik yang disebut penghindaran pajak. Dampak dari praktik ini terhadap nilai perusahaan adalah topik yang diperdebatkan dengan temuan penelitian yang beragam. Studi ini meneliti 11 perusahaan transportasi dan logistik yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Studi ini menggunakan analisis jalur (Path Analysis) dengan perangkat lunak SmartPLS 3.0 untuk menganalisis data. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rasio DER dan ETR tidak secara langsung memengaruhi Tobin's Q. Namun, ROA memiliki pengaruh positif langsung terhadap Tobin's Q. Selain itu, studi ini tidak menemukan pengaruh tidak langsung yang signifikan dari DER terhadap Tobin's Q melalui ETR. Model ini menjelaskan 17,90% variasi dalam Tobin's Q.
DAMPAK PEMERIKSAAN PAJAK DAN PEMAHAMAN PERATURAN PERPAJAKAN TERHADAP KEPATUHAN PAJAK HIBURAN DENGAN FAKTOR SPIRITUAL SEBAGAI PEMODERASI: STUDI PADA PT. XYZ
Authors: Rahmanda Gita Astyka , Prihandoko Nugroho Dwi , Amalia Salsabila Dewi
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh pemeriksaan pajak. pemahaman terhadap peraturan perpajakan, dan faktor spiritualitas terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak badan terhadap Pajak Hiburan Daerah (PHD) analisis pada PT XYZ. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi literatur dan analisis dokumen kebijakan perpajakan serta praktik kepatuhan pajak di tingkat daerah Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pemeriksaan pajak, pemahaman peraturan perpajakan, dan faktor spiritualitas memainkan peran krusial dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan wajib pajak terhadap pajak hiburan daerah di Indonesia. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa pemeriksaan pajak yang terintegrasi tidak hanya berfungsi untuk menegakkan hukum, tetapi juga sebagai instrumen efektif dalam meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya ketaatan pajak sebagai kontribusi terhadap pembangunan dan kesejahteraan bersama. Analisis terhadap data PT XYZ menunjukkan tren positif dalam pembayaran pajak, namun fluktuasi signifikan menunjukkan tantangan dalam menjaga konsistensi kepatuhan. Faktor spiritualitas, seperti kejujuran dan tanggung jawab, juga mempengaruhi motivasi wajib pajak untuk mematuhi kewajiban mereka. Dengan pengawasan yang berkelanjutan dan pemahaman yang mendalam terhadap peraturan perpajakan, diharapkan kepatuhan pajak dapat ditingkatkan, mendukung pembangunan lokal yang berkelanjutan dan mencerminkan komitmen untuk lingkungan bisnis yang adil dan beretika.
Embodying Space
Authors: Jobbágy Bernadett
Published: July 2024

Space is neither a “passive, three-dimensional container” nor a “backdrop for something more dynamic” (McCormack, 2013, p. 2). Space is a process, and so is the body; especially, since the body itself—or the soma, the living body—contains inner spaces, which can and do relate to the spaces outside the body. How do we perceive space and embody space on this multiple scale? How do we feel space, objects, and other bodies while we co-exist? What do those inside spaces transmit while the performers move or stand still through their presence? How can the director envelope and contain these dimensions and be “holding the space” in and around the process? Using Body-Mind Centering® vocabulary, how to be the membrane around the fluid space? The BMC® embryological development studies open a new and even closer perspective to this space within “because it is the embodiment of space versus the embodiment of structure” (Bainbridge Cohen, 2012, p. 163). How to move from this multilayered/multiscale space utilizing diverse viewpoints of embodiment: taking actions from embodied spaces while holding the space and letting intuition enter the creative process because “space holds the information.” This article seeks to answer these questions and explore the relationship with space, particularly from the perspective of performing art and sculpture.
The Effect of Leadership Style, Compensation and Competence on Optimizing Organizational Performance
Authors: Natsir Rahmadhany , Ramli Mansyur , Putra Aditya Halim Perdana Kusuma
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of leadership style, compensation, and competence on the optimization of organizational performance at the Brackishwater Aquaculture Fisheries Research Institute and Fisheries Extension (BRPBAPPP) Maros. The research design is quantitative, with data analysis techniques including classical assumption tests and multiple linear regression. The results of this study demonstrate that the leadership style implemented at BRPBAPPP Maros has a significant impact on organizational performance. Effective, transparent, and communicative leadership can enhance employee motivation and productivity, ultimately leading to a positive impact on the overall performance of the organization. Additionally, a fair and competitive compensation system significantly influences organizational performance, as does employee competence. Collectively, leadership style, compensation, and competence jointly contribute significantly to the optimization of organizational performance at BRPBAPPP Maros. Enhancing leadership style, improving compensation, and developing employee competence can increase the operational effectiveness and efficiency of the organization.
OBTAINING MALTODEXTRIN WITH A LOW DEXTROSE EQUIVALENT (DE) FROM CORNSTARCH
Authors: Tulegenova A. G. , Tarabayev B. K.
Published: July 2024

The study aims to develop methods for the production of low dextrose (DE) maltodextrins of corn starch, which is important for various industries, including food and pharmaceuticals. Maltodextrins with varying levels of DE play a crucial role in many products, from sweets to medicines, and their properties vary depending on the production process. The study examined different approaches and technologies for the production of maltodextrins to determine optimal conditions, including timing, temperature, and the use of different enzymes. Understanding these parameters allows not only to increase production efficiency, but also to obtain products with the necessary properties. An important part of the study is the analysis of the physico-chemical properties of the obtained maltodextrins, for example, molecular structure, sorption capacity and their functional characteristics, such as gelling or viscosity ability. This makes it possible to better understand and optimize the application of these products in different areas of industry. Research work can serve as a basis for the development of production processes of low-dextrose equivalent maltodextrins derived from corn starch.
Feature Selection Information Gain pada Klasifikasi Pasien Penyakit Jantung (Heart Disease)
Authors: Siska Narulita  , Priyo Nugroho Adi  , Dody Indra Sumantiawan
Published: July 2024

Heart disease, also known as cardiovascular disease, is a condition where there is a blockage or narrowing of blood vessels that can lead to heart attack, chest pain, or stroke. It needs appropriate medical treatment because this disease can be the cause of death. Data mining methods are helpful in diagnosing and treating heart disease. Data mining methods can play a major role in the process of improving the quality of care for heart disease patients, providing valuable information for informed decision-making regarding prevention and treatment. The data analysis process uses classification algorithms, namely Decision Tree (C4.5), Naive Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF) combined with feature selection information gain method. The results show that data mining methods are very useful in diagnosing and treating heart disease. The highest percentage of correct classifications for both models before and after the implementation of feature selection information gain was obtained by the RF algorithm, which amounted to 95.71%. However, the implementation of the feature selection information gain method in this study did not contribute significantly to improving the classification quality of each algorithm used.
Current Status of Research on Kidney and Psychiatric Disorders (Dementia as an Example)
Authors: Wang Xia , Li Ke , Liu Yanni
Published: July 2024

Dementia is a relatively severe and persistent cognitive disorder. It is characterized by slowly progressive intellectual decline, accompanied by varying degrees of changes in behavioral patterns and interpersonal relationships, but there is no impairment of consciousness. It is a group of clinical syndromes, the etiology of dementia is many, most of the dementia in modern medical research is often due to brain damage or brain lesions, and in the Chinese medicine theory system of the cognition of this syndrome and the five organs of the five organs of the official - the kidney has a close connection, the mechanism of the trick can be explained through the following points of view: the kidney is the master of the bone, the bone generates the marrow, the marrow is filled with the brain (brain is the sea of the medulla oblongata), the brain is the house of the spirit of the first, and the whole body is closely related through the meridians, has the ability to regulate the whole body, has the ability to regulate the whole body, has the ability to regulate the whole body. The whole body is closely associated with the physiological functions of the body and preside over the thinking and consciousness activities, regulate emotions, dominate and control the behavior of the integrated role of the brain for the essence, gas, God, three infusion of the Qi Heng of the internal organs, to the essence for the body, the gods for the use of the three through the mutual sustenance, the transformation of each other so that the body through the qi to achieve normal physiological functions, thus showing the body's flexibility and agility of the process of activities, meticulous and subtle thinking and consciousness, and rich expression of emotions, very good. As well as rich emotional expression, it is a good reflection of the role of "Kikyo" and the mechanism of coordination and unity within the human body. In view of the dementia symptoms caused by various diseases in modern medicine, this paper mainly expounds on the dialectical relationship between various parts of the organism in the Chinese medicine theory system in terms of etiology, pathogenesis and clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Immune Changes in “Hepatitis Inflammation and Cancer Transformation Process” from the Perspective of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Zhu Jianjun , Du Xiaoquan
Published: July 2024

Yin-yang harmony is the core idea of Chinese medicine theory, which has important guiding significance in the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis "inflammation and cancer Transformation". Modern medicine believes that the change of immune response is one of the reasons affecting tumorigenesis, and intervening the immune response through drugs is the most promising means of cancer treatment for human beings. The yin and yang, collaterals and qi and blood doctrines of Chinese medicine are compatible with the understanding of modern medicine on immunity, especially the concept of replacing "immune-enhancing therapy" with "immune-normalizing therapy", which is consistent with "yin and yang harmonization" to restore the body's vitality. In particular, the concept of "immune normalization therapy" instead of "immune enhancement therapy" has been proposed in recent years, which is consistent with the core idea of "yin and yang harmony" in Chinese medicine to restore the relative balance of the body. This paper discusses the complementary nature of Chinese and Western medicine, with the intention of promoting the development of traditional and modern medicine in the process of preventing and treating "inflammation and cancer transformation" in chronic interventions.
Research Status and Prospects of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation
Authors: Zhang Kaichen , Shen Maorong , Zhang Huiyu , Ding Lei , Li Chen , Huang Biyi
Published: July 2024

Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common lumbar disease that manifests itself as low back pain, leg numbness, and in severe cases, cauda equina neuropathy, and it often occurs in L4/L5 and L5/S1 intervertebral discs. With the continuous change of people's work and lifestyle, the number of patients with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation has also gradually increased, and there is a significant trend of rejuvenation. The disease is mainly divided into conservative treatment and surgical treatment, the vast majority of patients after conservative treatment of lumbar symptoms have been significantly relieved, Chinese medicine in the treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation has the exact efficacy, more and more patients choose Chinese medicine conservative treatment. In this article, the relevant literature on Chinese medicine treatment of lumbar disc herniation in recent years is researched and collated, with a view to providing references and insights for clinical Chinese medicine treatment of lumbar disc herniation.
Clinical Thinking Mode of Body Differentiation in the Treatment of Asymptomatic Spleen and stomach Diseases
Authors: Bai Zhezhe , Liu Yueyang
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses the important role of TCM physical factors in the pathogenesis and evolution of asymptomatic spleen and stomach diseases, and points out that people with asymptomatic spleen and stomach diseases have different physical types. By expounding the correlation between physique and pathological constitution type, cause, treatment, medication and prevention of asymptomatic spleen and stomach disease, the author thinks that in the process of diagnosis and treatment of asymptomatic spleen and stomach disease, the application of body differentiation theory can more comprehensively grasp the occurrence, development, outcome and prognosis of the disease, so as to improve the effect of diagnosis and treatment and confirm the theory of adjustable physique. In order to provide new ideas and methods for the clinical treatment of this type of digestive system diseases with traditional Chinese medicine.