bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Engineering Cell Membrane‐Cloaked Catalysts as Multifaceted Artificial Peroxisomes for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Yang Dongmei , Tang Yuanjiao , Zhu Bihui , Pang Houqing , Rong Xiao , Gao Yang , Du Fangxue , Cheng Chong , Qiu Li , Ma Lang
Published: April 2023

Artificial peroxisomes (APEXs) or peroxisome mimics have caught a lot of attention in nanomedicine and biomaterial science in the last decade, which have great potential in clinically diagnosing and treating diseases. APEXs are typically constructed from a semipermeable membrane that encloses natural enzymes or enzyme‐mimetic catalysts to perform peroxisome‐/enzyme‐mimetic activities. The recent rapid progress regarding their biocatalytic stability, adjustable activity, and surface functionality has significantly promoted APEXs systems in real‐life applications. In addition, developing a facile and versatile system that can simulate multiple biocatalytic tasks is advantageous. Here, the recent advances in engineering cell membrane‐cloaked catalysts as multifaceted APEXs for diverse biomedical applications are highlighted and commented. First, various catalysts with single or multiple enzyme activities have been introduced as cores of APEXs. Subsequently, the extraction and function of cell membranes that are used as the shell are summarized. After that, the applications of these APEXs are discussed in detail, such as cancer therapy, antioxidant, anti‐inflammation, and neuron protection. Finally, the future perspectives and challenges of APEXs are proposed and outlined. This progress review is anticipated to provide new and unique insights into cell membrane‐cloaked catalysts and to offer significant new inspiration for designing future artificial organelles.
MXene Contact Engineering for Printed Electronics
Authors: Wu Zhiyun , Liu Shuiren , Hao Zijuan , Liu Xuying
Published: April 2023

MXenes emerging as an amazing class of 2D layered materials, have drawn great attention in the past decade. Recent progress suggest that MXene‐based materials have been widely explored as conductive electrodes for printed electronics, including electronic and optoelectronic devices, sensors, and energy storage systems. Here, the critical factors impacting device performance are comprehensively interpreted from the viewpoint of contact engineering, thereby giving a deep understanding of surface microstructures, contact defects, and energy level matching as well as their interaction principles. This review also summarizes the existing challenges of MXene inks and the related printing techniques, aiming at inspiring researchers to develop novel large‐area and high‐resolution printing integration methods. Moreover, to effectually tune the states of contact interface and meet the urgent demands of printed electronics, the significance of MXene contact engineering in reducing defects, matching energy levels, and regulating performance is highlighted. Finally, the printed electronics constructed by the collaborative combination of the printing process and contact engineering are discussed.
Amphibious Miniature Soft Jumping Robot with On‐Demand In‐Flight Maneuver
Authors: Wang Yibin , Du Xingzhou , Zhang Huimin , Zou Qian , Law Junhui , Yu Jiangfan
Published: April 2023

In nature, some semiaquatic arthropods evolve biomechanics for jumping on the water surface with the controlled burst of kinetic energy. Emulating these creatures, miniature jumping robots deployable on the water surface have been developed, but few of them achieve the controllability comparable to biological systems. The limited controllability and agility of miniature robots constrain their applications, especially in the biomedical field where dexterous and precise manipulation is required. Herein, an insect‐scale magnetoelastic robot with improved controllability is designed. The robot can adaptively regulate its energy output to generate controllable jumping motion by tuning magnetic and elastic strain energy. Dynamic and kinematic models are developed to predict the jumping trajectories of the robot. On‐demand actuation can thus be applied to precisely control the pose and motion of the robot during the flight phase. The robot is also capable of making adaptive amphibious locomotion and performing various tasks with integrated functional modules.
Progress and Perspective for In Situ Studies of Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Zhao Wenhui , Xu Guangtong , Dong Wenyan , Zhang Yiwei , Zhao Zipeng , Qiu Limei , Dong Juncai
Published: April 2023

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is one of the most promising energy conversion devices with high efficiency and zero emission. However, oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode is still the dominant limiting factor for the practical development of PEMFC due to its sluggish kinetics and the vulnerability of ORR catalysts under harsh operating conditions. Thus, the development of high‐performance ORR catalysts is essential and requires a better understanding of the underlying ORR mechanism and the failure mechanisms of ORR catalysts with in situ characterization techniques. This review starts with the introduction of in situ techniques that have been used in the research of the ORR processes, including the principle of the techniques, the design of the in situ cells, and the application of the techniques. Then the in situ studies of the ORR mechanism as well as the failure mechanisms of ORR catalysts in terms of Pt nanoparticle degradation, Pt oxidation, and poisoning by air contaminants are elaborated. Furthermore, the development of high‐performance ORR catalysts with high activity, anti‐oxidation ability, and toxic‐resistance guided by the aforementioned mechanisms and other in situ studies are outlined. Finally, the prospects and challenges for in situ studies of ORR in the future are proposed.
Metal‐free para‐C−H Hydroxylation of Aryl‐urea Derivatives
Authors: Gu Yi , Shen Shuo‐Jie , Lu Yao , Lu Zhong‐Ao , Xu Hua‐Jin , Hu Yi
Published: April 2023

The silica gel promoted straightforward remote para‐C−H hydroxylation of aryl‐urea derivatives under metal‐free mild conditions by using diacetoxyiodobenzene as oxidant has been developed. Replacing the Lewis acids with silica gel effectively improved the tolerance of functional groups and resulted in a wide range of target compounds with various substituents in moderate to excellent yields. Moreover, this transformation has been demonstrated that could more effectively and conveniently synthesize pharmaceutical and biomedical compounds which contain 4‐hydroxyarlyurea skeleton.
Research diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Donaghy Paul C , Carrarini Claudia , Ferreira Daniel , Habich Annegret , Aarsland Dag , Babiloni Claudio , Bayram Ece , Kane Joseph PM , Lewis Simon JG , Pilotto Andrea , Thomas Alan J , Bonanni Laura ,   Alzheimer's Association International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment Lewy Body Dementias Prodromal Working Group
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Operationalized research criteria for mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies (MCI‐LB) were published in 2020. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to review the evidence for the diagnostic clinical features and biomarkers in MCI‐LB set out in the criteria.

Methods

MEDLINE, PubMed, and Embase were searched on 9/28/22 for relevant articles. Articles were included if they presented original data reporting the rates of diagnostic features in MCI‐LB.

Results

Fifty‐seven articles were included. The meta‐analysis supported the inclusion of the current clinical features in the diagnostic criteria. Evidence for striatal dopaminergic imaging and meta‐iodobenzylguanidine cardiac scintigraphy, though limited, supports their inclusion. Quantitative electroencephalogram (EEG) and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) show promise as diagnostic biomarkers.

Discussion

The available evidence largely supports the current diagnostic criteria for MCI‐LB. Further evidence will help refine the diagnostic criteria and understand how best to apply them in clinical practice and research.

Highlights

A meta‐analysis of the diagnostic features of MCI‐LB was carried out.

The four core clinical features were more common in MCI‐LB than MCI‐AD/stable MCI.

Neuropsychiatric and autonomic features were also more common in MCI‐LB.

More evidence is needed for the proposed biomarkers.

FDG‐PET and quantitative EEG show promise as diagnostic biomarkers in MCI‐LB.
Eine durch Elektronen angetriebene Nitrierung von Kohlenwasserstoffen
Authors: Patra Subrata , Mosiagin Ivan , Giri Rahul , Nauser Thomas , Katayev Dmitry
Published: April 2023

Hiermit stellen wir einen elektrochemisch unterstützten Prototypen für die Erzeugung von Nitrylradikalen aus Eisen(III)‐nitrat unter milden Reaktionsbedingungen vor, wobei eine einfache Vorrichtung mit kostengünstigen Graphit‐ und Edelstahlelektroden verwendet wurde. Die einzigartige Reaktionsweise wurde durch detaillierte spektroskopische und experimentelle Studien mechanistisch bewiesen. Die synthetische Vielseitigkeit dieses Konzepts wurde durch die Entwicklung hocheffizienter Nitrierungsprotokolle für verschiedene ungesättigte Kohlenwasserstoffe demonstriert, die durch Elektrizität betrieben und durch Elektronen angetrieben werden. Diese Protokolle haben nicht nur einen breiten Anwendungsbereich, sondern lassen sich auch leicht auf Dekagramme skalieren und weisen eine außergewöhnliche Substratvielfalt und Kompatibilität mit funktionellen Gruppen auf.
Enantioselective Strategies for The Synthesis of N−N Atropisomers
Authors: Centonze Giovanni , Portolani Chiara , Righi Paolo , Bencivenni Giorgio
Published: April 2023

Axially chiral compounds have been always considered a laboratory curiosity with rare prospects of being applied in asymmetric synthesis. Things have changed very quickly in the last twenty years when it was understood the important role and the enormous impact that these compounds have in medicinal, biological and material chemistry. The asymmetric synthesis of atropisomers became a rapidly expanding field and recent reports on the development of N−N atropisomers strongly prove how this research field is a hot topic open to new challenges and frontiers of asymmetric synthesis. This review focuses on the recent advances in the enantioselective synthesis of N−N atropisomers highlighting the strategies and breakthroughs to obtain this novel and stimulating atropisomeric framework.
Study of photodegradation performance of Zn‐doped CeO2 nanoparticles for wastewater contaminants remediation under visible light
Authors: Hamidian Khadijeh , Sarani Mina , Mohebbi Shahriar , Najafidoust Ahmad , Miri Abdolhossein
Published: April 2023

The presented paper introduces a green route for the arrangement of pure and 1%, 2%, and 4% zinc doped cerium oxide nanoparticles (Zn‐doped CeO2 NPs) by involving the extract of Salvadora persica. The analytical results of powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX), and Raman techniques confirmed the successful synthesis of NPs. According to PXRD outcomes, pure CeO2 NPs have a cubic phase. Moreover, as a result of the zinc doping within the crystal framework of this material, a noticeable alteration was observed in the placement of CeO2 (101) peak. The size of pure CeO2 NPs was measured by the FESEM analysis to be around 20–25 nm, which was decreased with the doping of zinc into CeO2 structure. According to the UV–Vis outcomes, appeared peak in 343 cm−1 confirmed the formation of CeO2 NPs; and this peak shifted by the doping of zinc. The observed Raman active band F2g at 459 cm−1 in the graph of CeO2 can be related to the fluorite type of CeO2 construction. Moreover, we evaluated the photocatalytic functionality of the prepared samples towards acid orange 7 (AO7) dye at visible light. The gathered data indicated 2% Zn‐doped CeO2 as the optimum sample due to eliminating 83% of AO7 dye at the volume of 15 mg L−1 in pH = 7. Therefore, performing a doping process on these NPs was a suitable choice for improving the photocatalytic activity of CeO2 on AO7 dye.
Experimental measurement of moisture distribution in the adhesive layer using near‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Han Jin‐Woo , Sekiguchi Yu , Shimamoto Kazumasa , Akiyama Haruhisa , Sato Chiaki
Published: April 2023

Adhesive joints are degraded when exposed to moist conditions, making it essential to assess the permeation distance of absorbed moisture. However, monitoring the water penetration in the adhesive layer is challenging because the adhesive layer is sandwiched between the adherends. To overcome this difficulty, we proposed a new monitoring system using fiber‐type near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and the moisture distribution at the joint was successfully observed by introducing quartz glass as one side of the substrate. First, the change in the absorbance spectra owing to water absorption by an epoxy adhesive was investigated by immersing epoxy‐coated aluminum alloy plates in temperature‐controlled water. It was found that the water content can be evaluated by monitoring the change in the peak intensity appearing around 1900–1950 nm. Next, water penetration into the adhesive layer sandwiched between the quartz glass and aluminum alloy was investigated by scanning the surface. The water permeation distance was found to change with temperature. Under the 23°C immersion condition, approximately 2.5 mm of water penetration was observed after 8 weeks. Because the simulation results using Fick's law of diffusion showed similar trends, it was experimentally confirmed that Fickian diffusion dominates the water distribution in the adhesive layer.
Age‐Associated Changes in Knee Osteoarthritis, Pain‐Related Behaviors, and Dorsal Root Ganglia Immunophenotyping of Male and Female Mice
Authors: Geraghty Terese , Obeidat Alia M. , Ishihara Shingo , Wood Matthew J. , Li Jun , Lopes Erika Barboza Prado , Scanzello Carla R. , Griffin Timothy M. , Malfait Anne‐Marie , Miller Rachel E.
Published: April 2023

Objective

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of chronic pain, yet OA pain management remains poor. Age is the strongest predictor of OA development, and mechanisms driving OA pain are unclear. We undertook this study to characterize age‐associated changes in knee OA, pain‐related behaviors, and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) molecular phenotypes in mice of both sexes.

Methods

Male or female C57BL/6 mice 6 or 20 months of age were evaluated for histopathologic knee OA, pain‐related behaviors, and L3–L5 DRG immune characterization via flow cytometry. DRG gene expression in older mice and humans was also examined.

Results

Male mice at 20 months of age had worse cartilage degeneration than 6‐month‐old mice. Older female mouse knees showed increased cartilage degeneration but to a lesser degree than those of male mice. Older mice of both sexes had worse mechanical allodynia, knee hyperalgesia, and grip strength compared to younger mice. For both sexes, DRGs from older mice showed decreased CD45+ cells and a significant increase in F4/80+ macrophages and CD11c+ dendritic cells. Older male mouse DRGs showed increased expression of Ccl2 and Ccl5, and older female mouse DRGs showed increased Cxcr4 and Ccl3 expression compared to 6‐month‐old mouse DRGs, among other differentially expressed genes. Human DRG analysis from 6 individuals >80 years of age revealed elevated CCL2 in men compared to women, whereas CCL3 was higher in DRGs from women.

Conclusion

We found that aging in male and female mice is accompanied by mild knee OA, mechanical sensitization, and changes to immune cell populations in the DRG, suggesting novel avenues for development of OA therapies.

image
Lysosome‐Associated Membrane Protein 3 Induces Lysosome‐Dependent Cell Death by Impairing Autophagic Caspase 8 Degradation in the Salivary Glands of Individuals With Sjögren's Disease
Authors: Nakamura Hiroyuki , Tanaka Tsutomu , Zheng Changyu , Afione Sandra A. , Warner Blake M. , Noguchi Masayuki , Atsumi Tatsuya , Chiorini John A.
Published: April 2023

Objective

Lysosome‐associated membrane protein 3 (LAMP3) overexpression is implicated in the development and progression of Sjögren's disease (SjD) by inducing lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and apoptotic cell death in salivary gland epithelium. The aim of this study was to clarify the molecular details of LAMP3‐induced lysosome‐dependent cell death and to test lysosomal biogenesis as a therapeutic intervention.

Methods

Human labial minor salivary gland biopsies were analyzed using immunofluorescence staining for LAMP3 expression levels and galectin‐3 puncta formation, a marker of LMP. Expression level of caspase 8, an initiator of LMP, was determined by Western blotting in cell culture. Galectin‐3 puncta formation and apoptosis were evaluated in cell cultures and a mouse model treated with glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor (GLP‐1R) agonists, a known promoter of lysosomal biogenesis.

Results

Galectin‐3 puncta formation was more frequent in the salivary glands of SjD patients compared to control glands. The proportion of galectin‐3 puncta–positive cells was positively correlated with LAMP3 expression levels in the glands. LAMP3 overexpression increased caspase 8 expression, and knockdown of caspase 8 decreased galectin‐3 puncta formation and apoptosis in LAMP3‐overexpressing cells. Inhibition of autophagy increased caspase 8 expression, while restoration of lysosomal function using GLP‐1R agonists decreased caspase 8 expression, which reduced galectin‐3 puncta formation and apoptosis in both LAMP3‐overexpressing cells and mice.

Conclusion

LAMP3 overexpression induced lysosomal dysfunction, resulting in lysosome‐dependent cell death via impaired autophagic caspase 8 degradation, and restoring lysosomal function using GLP‐1R agonists could prevent this. These findings suggested that LAMP3‐induced lysosomal dysfunction is central to disease development and is a target for therapeutic intervention in SjD.

image
Risk–Benefit Analysis of Primary Prophylaxis Against Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia in Patients With Rheumatic Diseases Receiving Rituximab
Authors: Park Jun Won , Curtis Jeffrey R. , Choi Se Rim , Kim Min Jung , Ha You‐Jung , Kang Eun Ha , Lee Yun Jong , Lee Eun Bong
Published: April 2023

Objective

To identify a specific population of patients with rheumatic diseases receiving rituximab treatment for whom the benefit from primary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) outweighs the risk of adverse events (AEs).

Methods

This study included 818 patients treated with rituximab for rheumatic diseases, among whom 419 received prophylactic trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) with rituximab, while the remainder did not. Differences in 1‐year PJP incidence between the groups were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Risk–benefit assessment was performed in subgroups stratified according to risk factors based on the number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent 1 case of PJP and the number needed to harm (NNH) due to severe AEs. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was applied to minimize the confounding by indication.

Results

During the 663.1 person‐years, there were 11 PJP cases, with a mortality rate of 63.6%. Concomitant use of high‐dose glucocorticoids (≥30 mg/day of prednisone or equivalent during 4 weeks after rituximab administration) was the most important risk factor. The PJP incidence (per 100 person‐years) was 7.93 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.91–17.25) in the subgroup receiving high‐dose glucocorticoids compared with 0.40 (95% CI 0.01–2.25) in the subgroup without high‐dose glucocorticoid use. Although prophylactic TMP/SMX significantly reduced the overall PJP incidence (HR 0.11 [95% CI 0.03–0.43]), the NNT to prevent 1 case of PJP (146) was higher than the NNH (86). In contrast, the NNT fell to 20 (95% CI 10.7–65.7) in patients receiving concomitant high‐dose glucocorticoids.

Conclusion

The benefit associated with primary PJP prophylaxis outweighs the risk of severe AEs in patients with rheumatic diseases receiving rituximab and concomitant high‐dose glucocorticoid treatment.

image
A Review on Low‐Molecular‐Weight Gels Driven by Halogen‐Effect
Authors: Zhang Yuping , Wang Jing , Liao Yonggui , Xie Xiaolin
Published: April 2023

As a new type of non‐covalent interaction similar to hydrogen bond, halogen bond has become an important supramolecular tool in crystal engineering, material chemistry, biological science, etc., due to its unique properties. In fact, halogen bond has been confirmed on the effect of molecular assemblies and soft materials, and widely used in various functional soft materials including liquid crystals, gels and polymers. In recent years, halogen bonding has aroused strong interest in inducing molecular assembly into low‐molecular‐weight gels (LMWGs). To the best of our knowledge, there is still a lack of in‐depth review of this field. So, in this paper, the recent progress of LMWGs driven by halogen bonding is reviewed. According to the number of components forming halogen bonded gels, the structural characteristics of halogen bonded supramolecular gels, the relationship between halogen bonding and other non‐covalent interactions, as well as the application fields of halogen bonded gels are introduced, respectively. In addition, the challenges faced by halogenated supramolecular gels at present and their development prospects in future have been proposed. We believe that the halogen bonded gel will have more impressive applications in the next few years, opening exciting new opportunities for the development of soft materials.
Expression, purification, and biological characterization of recombinant human interleukin‐31 protein
Authors: Chen Jing , Zheng Yuxin , Wang Lixian , Pang Xuefei , Gao Feng , Xiao Haixia , Huo Nairui
Published: April 2023

Interleukin‐31 (IL‐31), belonging to the IL‐6 cytokine family, is involved in skin inflammation and pruritus, as well as some tumors’ progression. Here, we reported the expression and purification of recombinant human IL‐31 (rhIL‐31) using a prokaryotic system. This recombinant protein was expressed in the form of inclusion bodies, refolded and purified by size‐exclusion chromatography. Circular dichroism analysis revealed that the secondary structure of rhIL‐31 was mainly composed of alpha‐helix, which is in consistence with the 3D model structure built by AlphaFold server. In vitro studies showed that rhIL‐31 exhibited a good binding ability to the recombinant hIL‐31 receptor alpha fused with human Fc fragment (rhIL‐31RA‐hFc) with EC50 value of 16.36 µg/mL in ELISA assay. Meanwhile, flow cytometry demonstrated that rhIL‐31 was able to bind to hIL‐31RA or hOSMRβ expressed on the cell surface, independently. Furthermore, rhIL‐31 could induce the phosphorylation of STAT3 in A549 cells. In conclusion, the prepared rhIL‐31 in this study possesses the binding ability to its receptors, and can activate the signal pathway of JAK/STAT. Thus, it can be applied in further studies, including investigation of hIL‐31‐related diseases, structural analysis, and development of therapeutic drugs, and monoclonal antibodies targeting hIL‐31.
An Ether‐Based Low Density Electrolyte for the Use of Graphite Anodes in Stable Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Hoffmann Florian S. , Schmidt Florian , Müller Jannes , Schönherr Kay , Dörfler Susanne , Abendroth Thomas , Althues Holger , Kwade Arno , Wu Nae‐Lih , Kaskel Stefan
Published: April 2023

Lithium sulfur (Li−S) batteries represent an interesting technology due to the high theoretical capacity of sulfur and the low cost of the cathode material. Li−S cells with graphite electrodes could be an option for low‐cost stationary energy storage as graphite is cheap and the electrode production process is well established. Unfortunately, in most Li−S electrolytes, graphite is not stable due to solvent co‐intercalation and degrades fast. In this work, a new low density electrolyte based on hexyl methyl ether (HME) and 1,3‐dioxalane (DOL) is presented, which allows to use graphite as anode material for Li−S batteries. In symmetric graphite vs. graphite cells an averaged Coulombic efficiency of 99.94 % per electrode could be reached. For the first time, cycling conditions like voltage window and balancing were optimized for Li−S cells with graphite anodes and the suitability of the concept could be demonstrated in multilayer pouch cells under realistic conditions.
An anatomical study of the suboccipital cavernous sinus and its relationship with the myodural bridge complex
Authors: Zhang Xu‐Hui , Gong Jin , Song Yang , Hack Gary D. , Jiang Si‐Meng , Yu Sheng‐Bo , Song Xue , Zhang Jing , Yang Heng , Cheng Jing , Sui Hong‐Jin , Zheng Nan
Published: April 2023

The suboccipital cavernous sinus (SCS) and the myodural bridge complex (MDBC) are both located in the suboccipital region. The SCS is regarded as a route for venous intracranial outflow and is often encountered during surgery. The MDBC consists of the suboccipital muscles, nuchal ligament, and myodural bridge and could be a power source for cerebrospinal fluid circulation. Intracranial pressure depends on intracranial blood volume and the cerebrospinal fluid. Since the SCS and MDBC have similar anatomical locations and functions, the aim of the present study was to reveal the relationships between them and the detailed anatomical characteristics of the SCS. The study involved gross dissection, histological staining, P45 plastination, and three‐dimensional visualization techniques. The SCS consists of many small venous sinuses enclosed within a thin fibrous membrane that is strengthened by a fibrous arch closing the vertebral artery groove. The venous vessels are more abundant in the lateral and medial portions of the SCS than the middle portion. The middle and medial portions of the SCS are covered by the MDBC. Type I collagen fibers arranged in parallel and originating from the MDBC terminate on the SCS either directly or indirectly via the fibrous arch. The morphological features of SCS revealed in this research could serve as an anatomical basis for upper neck surgical procedures. There are parallel arrangements of type I collagen fibers between the MDBC and the SCS. The MDBC could change the blood volume in the SCS by pulling its wall during the head movement.
Pilot study of implementing the Shared Healthcare Actions & Reflections Electronic systems in Survivorship (SHARE‐S) program in coordination with clinical care
Authors: Sohl Stephanie J. , Sadasivam Rajani S. , Kittel Carol , Dressler Emily V. , Wentworth Stacy , Balakrishnan Kavitha , Weaver Kathryn E. , Dellinger Rebecca Ann , Puccinelli‐Ortega Nicole , Cutrona Sarah L. , Foley Kristie L. , Houston Thomas
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Initial cancer survivorship care planning efforts focused on information sharing demonstrated limited impact on patient health outcomes. We designed the Shared Healthcare Actions & Reflections Electronic Systems in survivorship (SHARE‐S) program to enhance survivorship guideline implementation by transitioning some effort from clinicians to technology and patients through supporting health self‐management (e.g., healthy lifestyles).

Methods

We conducted a single‐group hybrid implementation‐effectiveness pilot study. SHARE‐S incorporated three strategies: (1) e‐referral from the clinical team for patient engagement, (2) three health self‐management coach calls, and (3) text messages to enhance coaching. Our primary implementation measure was the proportion of patients e‐referred who enrolled (target >30%). Secondary implementation measures assessed patient engagement. We also measured effectiveness by describing changes in patient health outcomes.

Results

Of the 118 cancer survivor patients e‐referred, 40 engaged in SHARE‐S (proportion enrolled = 34%). Participants had a mean age of 57.4 years (SD = 15.7), 73% were female, 23% were Black/African American, and 5 (12.5%) were from a rural location. Patient‐level adherence to coach calls was >90%. Changes from baseline to follow‐up showed at least a small effect (Cohen's d = 0.2) for improvements in: mindful attention, alcohol use, physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, days of mindfulness practice, depressive symptoms, ability to participate in social roles and activities, cancer‐specific quality of life, benefits of having cancer, and positive feelings.

Conclusion

The SHARE‐S program successfully engaged cancer survivor patients. Once enrolled, patients showed promising improvements in health outcomes. Supporting patient self‐management is an important component of optimizing delivery of cancer survivorship care.
Phosphatidylcholine in bile‐derived small extracellular vesicles as a novel biomarker of cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Muraki Ryuta , Morita Yoshifumi , Ida Shinya , Kitajima Ryo , Furuhashi Satoru , Takeda Makoto , Kikuchi Hirotoshi , Hiramatsu Yoshihiro , Takanashi Yusuke , Hamaya Yasushi , Sugimoto Ken , Ito Jun , Kawata Kazuhito , Kawasaki Hideya , Sato Tomohito , Kahyo Tomoaki , Setou Mitsutoshi , Takeuchi Hiroya
Published: April 2023

Background

Owing to the lack of definite diagnostic modalities, it is challenging to distinguish malignant cases of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), which often causes biliary tract obstruction, from benign ones. Here, we investigated a novel lipid biomarker of CCA in bile‐derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and developed a simple detection method for clinical application.

Methods

Bile samples from seven patients with malignant diseases (hilar CCA = 4, distal CCA = 3) and eight patients with benign diseases (gallstones = 6, primary sclerosing cholangitis = 1, autoimmune pancreatitis = 1) were collected through a nasal biliary drainage tube. sEVs were isolated via serial ultracentrifugation and characterized using nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and immunoblotting (with CD9, CD63, CD81, and TSG101). Comprehensive lipidomic analysis was performed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Using a measurement kit, we further confirmed whether lipid concentrations could be used as a potential CCA marker.

Results

Lipidomic analysis of bile sEVs in the two groups identified 209 significantly increased lipid species in the malignant group. When focusing on lipid class, phosphatidylcholine (PC) level was 4.98‐fold higher in the malignant group than in the benign group (P = 0.037). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed a sensitivity of 71.4%, a specificity of 100%, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.857 (95% confidence interval [CI]:0.643–1.000). Using a PC assay kit, the ROC curve showed a cutoff value of 16.1 μg/mL, a sensitivity of 71.4%, a specificity of 100%, and an AUC of 0.839 (95% CI: 0.620–1.000).

Conclusion

PC level in sEVs from human bile is a potential diagnostic marker for CCA and can be assessed by a commercially available assay kit.
Analysis of the efficacy and influencing factors of preoperative P‐SOX neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen for progressive gastric cancer—construction of a clinical prediction model
Authors: Feng Long , Shao Lei , Sun Shuangshuang , Zhang Chengwu , Cai Baojia
Published: April 2023

Preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy is one of the most common treatments for patients with advanced gastric cancer that cannot be completely removed by surgery. Nab‐paclitaxel is a nano‐formulation of paclitaxel that has been shown to be effective in treating stomach cancer. In addition, oxaliplatin + S‐1 (SOX) has been a first‐line chemotherapy regimen for gastric cancer, and it has the effect of tumor downstaging, improving the R0 resection rate, and reducing the postoperative recurrence rate, but the side effects are significant. During the application of oxaliplatin, obvious gastrointestinal reactions such as nausea and vomiting can be observed. There may also be blood system side effects such as leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, as well as serious adverse reactions such as peripheral neuropathy. Therefore, we reduced the amount of oxaliplatin in SOX and added nab‐paclitaxel on the basis of this, in order to increase the efficacy while reducing the side effects of SOX regimen. We selected 192 patients with advanced gastric cancer admitted to the Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology of Qinghai University Hospital from July 2019 to February 2022, and all were treated with nab‐paclitaxel plus oxaliplatin + S‐1 neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen, and underwent further surgery after chemotherapy. The tumor regression grade (TRG grade) and response evaluation criteria of solid tumor 1.1 (RECIST1.1) were taken as the dependent variables. According to TRG classification, 120 patients were effective (grade 0, 1, 2 = 62.50%, age: 55.63 ± 9.02 years), 72 patients were ineffective (grade 3 = 37.50%, 55.82 ± 9.21 years), and the effective rate of chemotherapy was 62.50%. According to RECIST1.1, 116 patients were effective (CR + PR = 60.42%, mean age 55.84 ± 9.02 years), 76 patients were ineffective (SD + PD = 39.58%, 55.47 ± 9.19 years), and the effective rate was 60.42%. The factors p < 0.2 in univariate logistic regression analysis were included in multivariate logistic regression analysis, and p < 0.05 was the statistical difference, and statistically significant factors were screened out for modeling and plotted the nomogram. Among them, in the tumor regression grade, the final factors related to effective chemotherapy are the degree of differentiation, cT. stage, tumor diameter, chemotherapy cycle, and the final factors related to effective chemotherapy in the solid tumor response evaluation criteria are the degree of differentiation, cT. stage, tumor diameter. Therefore, we conclude that the regimen of nab‐paclitaxel combined with oxaliplatin and S‐1 has certain positive significance in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer.
High‐efficiency sodium storage of Co0.85Se/WSe2 encapsulated in N‐doped carbon polyhedron via vacancy and heterojunction engineering
Authors: Pei Ya Ru , Zhou Hong Yu , Zhao Ming , Li Jian Chen , Ge Xin , Zhang Wei , Yang Chun Cheng , Jiang Qing
Published: April 2023

With the advantage of fast charge transfer, heterojunction engineering is identified as a viable method to reinforce the anodes' sodium storage performance. Also, vacancies can effectively strengthen the Na+ adsorption ability and provide extra active sites for Na+ adsorption. However, their synchronous engineering is rarely reported. Herein, a hybrid of Co0.85Se/WSe2 heterostructure with Se vacancies and N‐doped carbon polyhedron (CoWSe/NCP) has been fabricated for the first time via a hydrothermal and subsequent selenization strategy. Spherical aberration‐corrected transmission electron microscopy confirms the phase interface of the Co0.85Se/WSe2 heterostructure and the existence of Se vacancies. Density functional theory simulations reveal the accelerated charge transfer and enhanced Na+ adsorption ability, which are contributed by the Co0.85Se/WSe2 heterostructure and Se vacancies, respectively. As expected, the CoWSe/NCP anode in sodium‐ion battery achieves outstanding rate capability (339.6 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1), outperforming almost all Co/W‐based selenides.
Helical Anatase Titanium Nanotubes through a Protected Crystallization Strategy for Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Liu Xinrong , Shi Mengke , Tang Xiaoyu , Ma Yue , Dang Jingshuang , Yan Xumei , Gu Quan , Bao Zijia , Liang Zuozhong , Zhang Wei , Cao Rui , Zheng Haoquan
Published: April 2023

Helical structure in catalysts has attracted attention and been recently investigated for various catalytic reactions. However, helical transition metal oxides suffer from uncontrollable crystallization processes at high temperatures when being transformed from an amorphous phase into a crystalline structure. Herein, we report a helical anatase TiO2 nanotube for the first time, which has been prepared using a protected crystallization strategy in the confined space of silica. A single chirality of helical TiO2 has been used to track the ordering of the twisted structure. The twisted structure in helical anatase TiO2 nanotube is maintained after a vigorous crystallization process. Helical anatase TiO2 nanotubes possess more accessible active sites and abundant defects of oxygen vacancy and Ti3+ species owing to the twisted structure. The obtained helical anatase TiO2 nanotube exhibits superior photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production without adding any co‐catalysts. This work provides new insights into the role of helical structure in transition metal‐based catalysts.
N‐Protonation as a Switch of the Twisted Excited States with ππ* or nπ* Character and Correlation with the π‐Electrons Characteristic of Rotatable Bonds
Authors: Jiang Gaoshang , Ma Yinhua , Ding Junxia , Liu Jianyong , Liu Runze , Zhou Panwang
Published: April 2023

N‐protonation for numerous fluorophores is widely known as an efficient switch for the fluorescence turn‐on/off in acidic conditions, which has been applied in various scenarios that involve pH monitoring. Yet the universal mechanism for fluorescence regulation through N‐protonation is still elusive. Herein, the excited state deactivation processes are systematically investigated for a series of nitrogen‐containing fluorescent probes through theoretical approaches. Two types of mechanisms for the complex fluorescent phenomena by N‐protonation are concluded: one is through the regulation for the transition to a ππ* twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) state; the other one applies for the case when nonradiative decay pathway is predominant by a dark nπ* state, which is also accompanied by an evident structural twisting and can be regarded as another kind of TICT state. More generally, the formation of the TICT state is closely related to the conjugated π‐electrons on the single bond that links the acceptor and donor part of fluorophores, which provides a simple strategy for evaluating the occurrence of the TICT process. The current contributions can bring novel insights for the rational design of functional fluorophores that involve TICT process in the excited states.
Superoxide Dismutase‐like Activity of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Nanoparticles Comprising Biomimetic Imidazolato‐bridged CuZn Units
Authors: Nakahara Hiroki , Nomura Akiko , Tokuda Shun , Okamura Mami , Fujisawa Kiyoshi , Koitaya Takanori , Yoshida Yasuhiro , Furukawa Shuhei , Hitomi Yutaka
Published: April 2023

Nanoparticles exhibiting enzymatic functions have garnered considerable attention due to their structural robustness and the profusion of active sites that can be introduced to a single nanosized particle. Here we report that nanosized mixed‐metal zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) show a superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐like catalytic activity. We chose a ZIF composed of copper and zinc ions and 2‐methylimidazole, CuZn‐ZIF‐8, in which the Cu and Zn ions are bridged by an imidazolato ligand. This coordination geometry closely mimics the active site of CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD). The CuZn‐ZIF‐8 nanoparticles exhibit potent SOD‐like activity, attributed to their porous nature and numerous copper active sites, and also possess exceptional recyclability.
A Dormant Reagent Reaction‐Diffusion Method for the Generation of Co‐Fe Prussian Blue Analogue Periodic Precipitate Particle Libraries
Authors: Tootoonchian Pedram , Kwiczak‐Yiğitbaşı Joanna , Turab Ali Khan Muhammad , Chalil Oglou Ramadan , Holló Gábor , Karadas Ferdi , Lagzi István , Baytekin Bilge
Published: April 2023

Liesegang patterns that develop as a result of reaction‐diffusion can simultaneously form products with slightly different sizes spatially separated in a single medium. We show here a reaction‐diffusion method using a dormant reagent (citrate) for developing Liesegang patterns of cobalt hexacyanoferrate Prussian Blue analog (PBA) particle libraries. This method slows the precipitation reaction and produces different‐sized particles in a gel medium at different locations. The gel‐embedded particles are still catalytically active. Finally, the applicability of the new method to other PBAs and 2D systems is presented. The method proves promising for obtaining similar inorganic framework libraries with catalytic abilities.
Predicting Temperature‐Dependent Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution Using Tensor Completion
Authors: Damay Julie , Ryzhakov Gleb , Jirasek Fabian , Hasse Hans , Oseledets Ivan , Bortz Michael
Published: April 2023

Knowledge of thermodynamic properties of mixtures is essential in many fields of science and engineering. However, the experimental data is usually scarce, so prediction methods are needed. Matrix completion methods have proven to be very successful in predicting thermodynamic properties of binary mixtures. In this approach, the experimental data is organized in a matrix whose rows and columns correspond to the two components, and whose entries indicate the value of the studied thermodynamic property at fixed conditions. In the present work, we extend the concept to tensor completion methods (TCMs). This allows to account for the variation of the studied property depending on the chosen conditions. The feasibility is demonstrated by applying a TCM to predict activity coefficients at infinite dilution. The third dimension of the tensor is used to describe the influence of the temperature. The TCM is shown to yield better predictions than the well‐established UNIFAC method. Furthermore, the proposed TCM is able to learn and unveil the physical law describing the temperature dependence of activity coefficients from the scarce experimental mixture data only.
Neighborhood attributes and cardiovascular disease risk in breast cancer survivors: The Pathways Study
Authors: Conroy Shannon M. , Von Behren Julie , Kwan Marilyn L. , Kushi Lawrence H. , Kim Mi‐Ok , Iribarren Carlos , Roh Janise M. , Laurent Cecile A. , Thomsen Catherine , Chu Janet N. , Greenlee Heather , Gomez Scarlett Lin , Shariff‐Marco Salma
Published: April 2023

Background

Breast cancer survivors are at a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality compared with the general population. The impact of objective social and built neighborhood attributes on CVD risk in a cohort of female breast cancer survivors was examined.

Methods

The 3975 participants came from the Pathways Study, a prospective cohort of women with invasive breast cancer from an integrated health care system in northern California. Women diagnosed with breast cancer from 2006 through 2013 were enrolled on average approximately 2 months after diagnosis. Their baseline addresses were geocoded and appended to neighborhood attributes for racial/ethnic composition, socioeconomic status (SES), population density, urbanization, crime, traffic density, street connectivity, parks, recreational facilities, and retail food environment. Incident CVD events included ischemic heart disease, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, or stroke. Cox proportional hazards models estimated associations of neighborhood attributes with CVD risk, which accounted for clustering by block groups. Fully adjusted models included sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral factors.

Results

During follow‐up through December 31, 2018, 340 participants (8.6%) had CVD events. A neighborhood racial/ethnic composition measure, percent of Asian American/Pacific Islander residents (lowest quintile hazard ratio [HR], 1.85; 95% CI, 1.03–3.33), and crime index (highest quartile HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.08–2.03) were associated with the risk of CVD events independent of individual SES, hormone receptor status, treatment, cardiometabolic comorbidities, body mass index, and physical activity.

Conclusions

With the application of a socio‐ecological framework, how residential environments shape health outcomes in women with breast cancer and affect CVD risk in this growing population can be understood.
Measurement of Homocitrulline, A Carbamylation‐derived Product, in Serum and Tissues by LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Jaisson Stéphane , Desmons Aurore , Doué Manon , Gorisse Laëtitia , Pietrement Christine , Gillery Philippe
Published: April 2023

Carbamylation corresponds to the nonenzymatic binding of isocyanic acid to protein amino groups and participates in protein molecular aging, characterized by the alteration of their structural and functional properties. Carbamylated proteins exert deleterious effects in vivo and are involved in the progression of various diseases, including atherosclerosis and chronic kidney disease. Therefore, there is a growing interest in evaluating the carbamylation rate of blood or tissue proteins, since carbamylation‐derived products (CDPs) constitute valuable biomarkers in these contexts. Homocitrulline, formed by isocyanic acid covalently attaching to the ε‐NH2 group of lysine residue side chain, is the most characteristic CDP. Sensitive and specific quantification of homocitrulline requires mass spectrometry–based methods. This article describes a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method for the quantification of homocitrulline, with special emphasis on preanalytical steps that allow quantification of total or protein‐bound homocitrulline in serum or tissue samples. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Sample pretreatment for the quantification of homocitrulline by LC‐MS/MS

Alternate Protocol: Preanalytical steps for the quantification of homocitrulline in tissue samples

Basic Protocol 2: LC‐MS/MS quantification of homocitrulline

Basic Protocol 3: LC‐MS/MS quantification of lysine in hydrolysates
Broadband Multiple Input Multiple Output antenna for sub‐6‐GHz 5G communications
Authors: Vishvaksenan Kuttathati Srinivasan , Kalidoss Rajakani , Partibane Bactavatchalame , Nivetha Elango
Published: April 2023

This paper presents the design of a miniaturized broadband monopole antenna for 5G and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications in mobile handsets. The proposed monopole evolved from a rectangular geometry of size 12 × 5 mm. The slot and stub loading techniques are used to improve the impedance matching offered by the antenna. Furthermore, bandwidth broadening is achieved using lumped elements loaded onto the aperture of the antenna. The proposed miniaturized antenna exhibits a measured impedance bandwidth of 63.6% (3.0–5.8 GHz) covering the 5G spectrum allocations under sub‐6 GHz and the WLAN services. The antenna elements are replicated along the sides of the mock mobile handset PCB to study the functionality of the eight‐element MIMO antenna. The prototype MIMO antenna fabricated and tested in the laboratory offers a peak gain of 3 dBi and total efficiency greater than 72%. Owing to miniaturization, the spatial distribution of the antenna element provides a low envelope correlation (ECC) of less than 0.2 and good diversity gain (DG) greater than 7.8 dB. In addition, the mean effective gain (MEG), channel capacity loss (CCL), multiplexing efficiency (ME), and total active reflection coefficient (TARC) are evaluated and presented. The estimated MIMO metrics are within the desired range of operation and hence make the antenna suitable for a complex propagation environment. The prototype antenna is developed on a thin microwave laminate with low‐loss characteristics and tested under laboratory conditions. The outcomes indicate that the proposed eight‐element antenna can be applied to 5G MIMO communications.