Clinical features of patients with myocardial infarction depending on dietary patterns
Authors:   Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Alkhimova T.S. , Sedykh D.Yu. ,   Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Hryachkova O.N. ,   Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Kashtalap V.V. ,   Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Barbarash O.L. ,   Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo
Published: January 2025

Aim: to identify main dietary patterns in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and to determine their clinical differences.
Materials and Methods: 170 patients living in the city and the municipal district were enrolled in the prospective observational non-
interventional study. Due to diagnosed MI, they were urgently hospitalized in the Infarction Department and the Department of Emergency
Cardiology of the Regional Cardiology Health Center. On the 3-5th day of the hospital stay, all the patients’ diet within a month before the
MI was assessed by a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire for Adults validated in Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological
(PURE) study and translated into Russian. Further, the main dietary patterns were determined using the principal component method of factor
analysis, and their clinical profiles were compared.
Results: 4 dietary patterns were statistically identified in 170 MI patients. Namely, the Pattern 1 (Protein & Fatty Pattern) was characterized
by predominance of non–healthy meat, fresh and heat-treated vegetables, as well as trans fats (n=40, 23.5%); the Pattern 2 (Fruit & Cereal
Pattern) was notable for predominance of fresh and heat–treated fruits, as well as nuts and cereals (n=52, 30.6%); the Pattern 3 (Dairy &
Carbohydrate Pattern) was remarkable for predominance of simple carbohydrates (foods with a high glucose content) and non–healthy
dairy products (n=51, 30%); finally, the Pattern 4 represented a combined pattern different from those mentioned above (n=27, 15.9%). As
compared with other groups, MI patients whose dietary pattern was characterized by predominance of fatty meat, trans fats, and vegetables
had a more frequent history of hypertension, IHD (stable angina), and dyslipidemia (according to pre-MI lipidograms and/or documented
medical diagnosis). As for the Fruit, Nut & Cereal Pattern, MI patients had a higher median total cholesterol (p=0.048) and creatinine (p=0.010), as well as a history of larger number of MIs (p=0.010). Upon MI-caused hospitalization, the Meat & Carbohydrate Pattern
patients demonstrated higher median troponin level than those with other dietary patterns (p=0.017). The Pattern 4 was associated with
more frequent resuscitation at the admission (p=0.030), and the Pattern 3 patients were more likely to experience a post-MI left ventricular
aneurysm (p=0.030).
Conclusion: 4 main dietary patterns were identified in MI patients during the pre-MI period. Some patterns differ significantly in terms of
unfavorable clinical and anamnestic characteristics, as well as laboratory data. In the future, such dietary patterns should be identified in MI
patients with a screening test to form several "special attention" groups within the framework of personalized prevention programs.
Keywords: myocardial infarction, diet, patterns, cardiovascular risk.
For citation: Alkhimova T.S., Sedykh D.Yu., Hryachkova O.N., Kashtalap V.V., Barbarash O.L. Clinical features of patients with myocardial
infarction depending on dietary patterns. RMJ. 2024;11:7–12. DOI: 10.32364/2225-2282-2024-11-2