bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dispersing gold nanoparticles on thiolated polyaniline-multiwalled carbon nanotubes for development of an indole-3-acetic acid amperometric immunosensor
Authors: Su Zhaohong , Cheng Yongbing , Li Chaorong , Xiong Yuanfu , Xiao Langtao , Chen Shu , Qin Xiaoli
Published: July 2019

An amperometric immunosensor based on new thiolated bionanocomposite with a high dispersion of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for the sensitive detection of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is being reported herein.
Electron beam irradiation treatment of Ag/Bi2WO6/CdWO4 heterogeneous material with enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Sun Renrui , Wang Jing , Yang Tianli , He Ren , Xue Kehui , Wang Lin , Yu Xianglin , Wang Juntao , Yang Ting , Wang Wenlei
Published: July 2019

Ag/Bi2WO6/CdWO4 ternary heterostructure materials treated by electron beam irradiation are used for the highly efficient degradation of inorganic and organic pollutants.
A label-free “turn-on” fluorescence platform for glucose based on AuNCs@MnO2 nanocomposites
Authors: Liu Shimeng , Lv Changyin , Liu Ran , Yang Guiying , Li Shiya , Zuo Li , Xue Panpan
Published: July 2019

The principle of sensitive detection of glucose in human serum using Bro-AuNCs @MnO2 nanocomposites as a fluorescent sensor.
Insights into the levulinate-based ionic liquid class: synthesis, cellulose dissolution evaluation and ecotoxicity assessment
Authors: Mezzetta Andrea , Becherini Stefano , Pretti Carlo , Monni Gianfranca , Casu Valentina , Chiappe Cinzia , Guazzelli Lorenzo
Published: July 2019

New levulinate ionic liquids (ILs) were able to dissolve cellulose in high amounts. The ecotoxicity profiles of these new ILs were also assessed.
Total syntheses of seminolipid and its analogues by using 2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylboronic acid as protective reagent
Authors: Shimada Naoyuki , Fukuhara Kenji , Urata Sari , Makino Kazuishi
Published: July 2019

Total synthesis of seminolipid was accomplishedviaregioselective protection using 2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylboronic acid followed by regioselective trichloroethyl-protected sulfation as key steps.
Revealing a new fluorescence peak of the enhanced green fluorescent protein using three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: dos Santos Nathalia Vieira , Saponi Carolina Falaschi , Greaves Tamar Louise , Pereira Jorge Fernando Brandão
Published: July 2019

Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy as a powerful tool to identify a new fluorescence peak of Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP).
Enhanced protonic conductivity and IFET behavior in individual proton-doped electrospun chitosan fibers
Authors: Lee Woo-Kyung , Pietron Jeremy J. , Kidwell David A. , Robinson Jeremy T. , McGann Christopher L. , Sheehan Paul E. , Mulvaney Shawn P.
Published: July 2019

Enhanced proton transfer of an electrospun, single chitosan fiber doped by TFA in the presence of hydrogen in 75% relative humidity.
Exploring a hybrid ferroelectric with a 1-D perovskite-like structure: bis(pyrrolidinium) pentachloroantimonate(iii)
Authors: Ksiądzyna Martyna , Gągor Anna , Piecha-Bisiorek Anna , Ciżman Agnieszka , Medycki Wojciech , Jakubas Ryszard
Published: July 2019

Herein, a multi-phase ferroelectric and ferroelastic pyrrolidinium-based organic–inorganic hybrid (C4H8NH2)2[SbCl5] is presented.
A microporous mixed-metal (Na/Cu) mixed-ligand (flexible/rigid) metal–organic framework for photocatalytic H2 generation
Authors: Shi Dongying , Cui Chao-Jie , Hu Min , Ren A-Hao , Song Lu-Bin , Liu Chun-Sen , Du Miao
Published: July 2019

This work presents a cost-effective mixed-metal mixed-ligand MOF, which exhibits highly efficient photocatalytic H2 generation under visible-light irradiation.
ELP3 Acetyltransferase is phosphorylated and regulated by the oncogenic anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)
Authors: Li Meng-Tian , Liang Jun-Yun , Sun Yi-Ping , Jin Jian , Xiong Yue , Guan Kun-Liang , Yuan Hai-Xin
Published: July 2019

Protein lysine acetylation is one of the major posttranslational modifications (PTMs) with several thousands of proteins identified to be acetylated in mammalian tissues. Mechanistic studies have revealed important functions of acetylation in the regulation of protein function. Much less is known on how the acetyltransferases themselves are regulated. In the current study, we discover that the Elongator protein 3 (ELP3) acetyltransferase is modified by tyrosine phosphorylation. We demonstrate that the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is the major tyrosine kinase responsible for ELP3 tyrosine phosphorylation. ELP3 is phosphorylated in tumor cells expressing oncogenic NPM–ALK fusion protein. We further identify Tyr202 as the major ALK phosphorylation site in ELP3. Importantly, the introduction of Y202 phosphorylation mutant ELP3 into ALK-positive tumor cells reduced cell growth and impaired gene expression. Collectively, our study reveals a novel regulatory mechanism for ELP3, provides an example that acetyltransferase itself can be regulated by PTM, and suggests a potential target for ALK-positive cancer therapies.
The Effectiveness of Classroom Vocabulary Intervention for Adolescents With Language Disorder
Authors: Lowe Hilary , Henry Lucy , Joffe Victoria L.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Phonological–semantic intervention has been shown to be effective in enhancing the vocabulary skills of children with language disorder in small-group or individual settings. Less is known about vocabulary interventions for adolescents with language disorder in whole-class models of delivery. The current study investigated the effectiveness of phonological–semantic vocabulary intervention for adolescents with language disorder, delivered by secondary school teachers within science lessons.

Method

Seventy-eight adolescents with language disorder, aged 11–14 years, were taught science curriculum words by teachers in class, under 2 conditions: (a) 10 words taught through usual teaching practice and (b) 10 matched words taught using an experimental intervention known as Word Discovery, which embedded phonological–semantic activities into the teaching of the syllabus. Ten similar control words received no intervention. Word knowledge was assessed pre-intervention, postintervention, and follow-up.

Results

At pre-intervention, measures of depth of word knowledge and expressive word use did not differ between usual teaching practice and experimental words. At postintervention, depth of knowledge of experimental words was significantly greater than that of usual teaching practice words. This significant advantage was not maintained at follow-up, although depth of knowledge for experimental words remained significantly higher at follow-up than at pre-intervention. At postintervention, expressive use of experimental words was significantly greater than that of usual teaching practice words, and this significant difference was maintained at follow-up. There was no change in students' depth of knowledge or expressive use of no-intervention words over time, confirming that the findings were not due to maturity or practice effects.

Conclusion

The experimental intervention was more effective than usual teaching practice in increasing the word knowledge of participants. Clinical and teaching implications include the importance of intervening during the adolescent years, with classroom vocabulary intervention being a viable option for collaborative teacher and speech and language therapy/pathology practice.
Two‐level area‐load modelling for OPF of power system using reinforcement learning
Authors: Jiang Changxu , Li Zhigang , Zheng J.H. , Wu Q.H. , Shang Xiaoya
Published: July 2019

Load modelling is essential to the planning and operation of a power system. This study proposes a two‐level hierarchical framework of real‐time area‐load modelling for optimal power flow (OPF). The upper‐level problem is a parameter identification for an area‐load model improved via using a weighting strategy decayed with time, whereas the lower‐level optimisation is a dynamic OPF considering N − 1 static security constraints. In the framework, the error of the lower‐level optimisation is added into the upper‐level model, which guides a search direction for the load modelling toward minimising the error between the online measurement and equivalent model output as much as possible. An improved method is proposed based on function optimisation by reinforcement learning to identify the parameters of the area‐load model online in real time. Simulation studies verify the effectiveness of the proposed framework, algorithm and improved strategies.
5 Yearsʼ Experience of a Tertiary Center with Thrombocytopenic Pregnancies: Gestational Thrombocytopenia, Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Authors: Fadiloglu Erdem , Unal Canan , Tanacan Atakan , Portakal Oytun , Beksac Mehmet Sinan
Published: July 2019

Aim To evaluate thrombocytopenic pregnancies including gestational thrombocytopenia (GT), idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP).

Materials and Methods We evaluated the pregnancy outcomes and laboratory findings of 385 patients diagnosed with GT, ITP, or HDP whose thrombocyte levels were < 150 000/µL.

Results GT, ITP, and HDP were the final diagnoses in 315 (81.8%), 35 (9.1%), and 35 (9.1%) cases, respectively. Patients diagnosed during the 1st trimester and diagnosed with ITP had significantly lower minimal platelet counts during the antenatal period and prior to delivery (p < 0.001; p < 0.001; p < 0.001; p < 0.001). Transfusion of any kind of blood product was given in 9.9% (n = 38) of all cases. Twelve patients had methylprednisolone and/or intravenous immunoglobulin treatments during the antenatal period. All patients who had undergone medical treatment were also found to have ITP. Four out of 385 patients underwent hysterectomy post partum due to refractory hemorrhage. Analysis of newborn platelet levels showed no statistical differences between any of the groups. Despite the lack of statistical significance, the rate of thrombocytopenia in newborns was 50% in patients with severe thrombocytopenia, while rates were 25.6 and 18.1% in patients with moderate and mild thrombocytopenia, respectively.

Conclusion Thrombocytopenic pregnancies must be carefully evaluated with regard to the severity of thrombocytopenia, gestational period at initial diagnosis, and etiology. In particular, patients with ITP must be evaluated carefully as these patients are more likely to require transfusions and have platelet counts < 50 × 103/µl.
Circulating Serum Myonectin Levels in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Li Zhu , Yang Yan-Ling , Zhu Yan-Juan , Li Chen-Guang , Tang Yun-Zhao , Ni Chang-Lin , Chen Li-Ming , Niu Wen-Yan
Published: July 2019

Objective Myonectin is one of the myokines and has gained interest as a potential new strategy to combat obesity and its associated disorders, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).The objective of this study was to investigate circulating serum myonectin levels in nondiabetes and T2DM and elucidate possible relationships between serum myonectin levels and metabolic parameters in patients with T2DM.

Design A total of 362 Chinese patients with T2DM and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited in this study. Clinical characteristics, blood biochemistry, and circulating myonectin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results Circulating myonectin levels were significantly decreased in T2DM compared with controls. Obese nondiabetic controls had significantly lower serum myonectin levels compared with lean nondiabetic controls. In diabetic patients, serum myonectin concentrations were significantly negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), C-reactive protein (CRP), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting insulin (Fins), the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), visceral fat area, and subcutaneous fat area. After adjusting for covariates, multivariate stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that BMI, LDL-C, TG, HOMA-IR, and visceral fat were the main independent predictors of low serum myonectin concentrations.

Conclusions Circulating myonectin levels were decreased in T2DM patients and in obese subjects. Moreover, serum myonectin levels were correlated with metabolic markers of T2DM. These data suggest that myonectin may be a useful marker in predicting the development of obesity and T2DM.
Der physiotherapeutische Takt
Authors: Grafe Marion , Behrens Johann
Published: July 2019

Hintergrund Die Interaktion zwischen Patienten und Therapeuten gilt als unspezifischer Wirkfaktor in der physiotherapeutischen Behandlung. Neben praktischen, interpersonalen und kommunikativen Fähigkeiten beeinflussen organisatorische Rahmenbedingungen die Interaktion.

Ziel In dieser Arbeit erfolgte eine handlungsfeldspezifische Analyse der Interaktion zwischen Patienten und Therapeuten in ambulanten Physiotherapiepraxen. Dabei wurde der Frage nachgegangen, welche Merkmale die Interaktion in der ambulanten Praxis charakterisieren und welche Bedeutung die Rahmenbedingungen der ambulanten Praxis in diesem Zusammenhang haben.

Methode Die Studie wurde gemäß der Grounded Theory nach Corbin und Strauss konzipiert 1
2. Das Datenmaterial umfasste Videoaufzeichnungen von Behandlungen, Protokolle des lauten Denkens der aufgezeichneten Behandlungen, Feldprotokolle von Beobachtungen und Transkriptionen von Interviews. Nach dem Prinzip des Contrast Samplings wurden nach Rahmenbedingungen und Therapeutenmerkmalen differenzierte Situationen aufgenommen. Das Datenmaterial wurde transkribiert und interpretativ-kodierend ausgewertet. In die Studie waren insgesamt 9 in ambulanten Praxen arbeitende Therapeuten eingeschlossen.

Ergebnisse Der Takt der ambulanten Physiotherapiepraxis wurde ausgehend von der zentralen Anforderung „immer im Takt bleiben“ definiert. Organisatorisch-strukturelle, therapeutisch-inhaltsbezogene und beziehungsbezogene Aufgaben sind Dimensionen dieses Takts. Sie verdeutlichen, dass pauschale Zeitvorgaben einem situationsspezifischen und patientenzentriertem Vorgehen entgegenstehen.

Schlussfolgerung Der Takt der ambulanten Physiotherapiepraxis eröffnet eine Perspektive auf Anforderungen in der ambulanten Praxis. Dieser stellt ein heuristisches Modell dar, welches den gelungenen Umgang mit den Widersprüchlichkeiten beschreibt und insbesondere die situations- und beziehungsbezogenen Aspekte berücksichtigt.
Leaving Group Ability in Nucleophilic Aromatic Amination by Sodium Hydride–Lithium Iodide Composite
Authors: Pang Jia Hao , Ong Derek Yiren , Watanabe Kohei , Takita Ryo , Chiba Shunsuke
Published: July 2019

The methoxy group is generally considered as a poor leaving group for nucleophilic substitution reactions. This work verified the superior ability of the methoxy group in nucleophilic amination of arenes mediated by the sodium hydride and lithium iodide through experimental and computational approaches.
Gillespie's Syndrome with Minor Cerebellar Involvement and No Intellectual Disability Associated with a Novel ITPR1 Mutation: Report of a Case and Literature Review
Authors: Stendel Claudia , Wagner Matias , Rudolph Guenther , Klopstock Thomas
Published: July 2019

Variants in the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 (ITPR1) gene have been recently identified as a cause of Gillespie's syndrome, a rare inherited condition characterized by bilateral iris hypoplasia, congenital muscle hypotonia, nonprogressive cerebellar ataxia, and intellectual disability. Here, we describe the clinical and genetic findings in a patient who presented with iris hypoplasia, mild gait ataxia, atrophy of the anterior cerebellar vermis but no cognitive deficits. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) uncovered a heterozygous ITPR1 p.Glu2094Lys missense variant, affecting a highly conserved glutamic acid residue for which other amino acid substitutions have already been reported in Gillespie's syndrome patients. Our data expand both the phenotypic and genetic spectrum associated with Gillespie's syndrome and suggest a mutation hotspot on Glu2094.
Diagnostic Considerations in Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis and the Interface with MOG Antibody
Authors: Santoro Jonathan D. , Chitnis Tanuja
Published: July 2019

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a common yet clinically heterogenous syndrome characterized by encephalopathy, focal neurologic findings, and abnormal neuroimaging. Differentiating ADEM from other demyelinating disorders of childhood can be difficult and appropriate interpretation of the historical, clinical, and neurodiagnostic components of a patient's presentation is critical. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated diseases are a recently recognized set of disorders, which include ADEM presentations, among other phenotypes. This review article discusses the clinical diagnosis, differential diagnosis, interpretation of data, and treatment/prognosis of this unique syndrome with distinctive review of the spectrum of MOG antibodies.
Gate/insulator-interfacial-dipole-controlled current conduction in Al2O3 metal-insulator-semiconductor capacitors
Authors: Okubo Satoshi , Horikawa Kiyotaka , Kawarada Hiroshi , Hiraiwa Atsushi
Published: July 2019

Electric dipoles at a metal-gate/Al2O3 interface are found to control the current conduction in negatively biased Al2O3 metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) capacitors by effectively increasing the Al2O3 electron affinity near the gate and thereby reducing the barrier height against electron field emission from the gate. By carrying out space-charge-controlled field emission analysis, the Al2O3 effective electron affinity in Al-gate capacitors was found to be larger than that for the Au gate by 0.38 eV, and the value for the Ni gate was similar to that for the Au gate. The cross-sectional transmission-electron-microscope images of the samples revealed the presence of an approximately 3-nm-thick layer intervening between the Al gate and the Al2O3 film. This layer is likely to have formed Al/Al2O3 interfacial dipoles that caused the aforementioned shift of the Al2O3 effective electron affinity. It was also confirmed that the conventional Fowler–Nordheim tunneling analysis yields remarkably erroneous results under the presence of these dipoles. These findings not only form the basis for investigating the band alignment of metal-gate MIS capacitors, but also alert us to a possibility of unexpectedly large leakage currents in negatively biased metal-gate MIS field-effect transistors.
A method for profile measurements of small transverse size beams by means of a vibrating wire
Authors: Arutunian S. G. , Badalyan S. A. , Chung M. , Lazareva E. G. , Margaryan A. V. , Harutyunyan G. S.
Published: July 2019

A method for profile measurements of small transverse size beams by means of a vibrating wire is proposed. The main idea is to use the vibrating wire motion during its oscillations as a scanning mechanism and synchronously measure the scattered/reflected particles/photons created through the interactions of the measured beam with the wire. The method is expected to be applicable for thin beams in particle accelerators. The proof-of-principle test results, obtained using a laser beam, are presented.
Robust propagation of pin-like optical beam through atmospheric turbulence
Authors: Zhang Ze , Liang Xinli , Goutsoulas Mihalis , Li Denghui , Yang Xiuting , Yin Shupeng , Xu Jingjun , Christodoulides Demetrios N. , Efremidis Nikolaos K. , Chen Zhigang
Published: July 2019

We design and demonstrate what we called shape-preserving “optical pin beams” (OPBs) that possess stable wavefronts against diffraction and ambient turbulence during free-space long distance propagation. Theoretically, we show that a laser beam passing through properly assembled phase elements paired with opposite transverse wavevectors can morph quickly into a stable optical field, exhibiting “self-focusing” dynamics during propagation without optical nonlinearity. The overall shape of such OPBs remains invariant, while their width can in principle be inversely proportional to the propagation distance, in contradistinction to conventional Bessel beams and radially symmetric Airy beams. Experimentally, utilizing a single photoetched mask, we demonstrate efficient generation and robust propagation of the OPB through atmospheric turbulence beyond kilometer distances. We envisage exciting opportunities arising from such OPBs, especially when propagation through turbulent environments is unavoidable.
Inertial migration of circular particles in Poiseuille flow of a power-law fluid
Authors: Hu Xiao , Lin Jianzhong , Ku Xiaoke
Published: July 2019

The immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method is used to study the inertial migration of particles in Poiseuille flow of a power-law fluid. The effects of Reynolds number, power-law index, and blockage ratio on the formation of particle trains are explored. The results show that single particle with different initial positions reach the same equilibrium position for the same power-law index. The stable equilibrium position moves closer to the centerline under the higher power-law index and blockage ratio. One-line of eight particles distributed initially at a vertical position will migrate laterally to the vicinity of the wall and form single-line particle trains. The particle spacing is unstable and increases when particles migrate to the equilibrium position. The inertial focusing length is an important factor for analyzing the formation of particle trains, which will be longer with increasing the power-law index. The mean particle spacing will be reduced with increasing Re and blockage ratio. Two-lines of 12 particles distributed initially and abreast along both sides of the centerline will migrate to the vicinity of the wall and form staggered particle trains. Due to the multiparticles interaction, the final particle equilibrium position will deviate from the single particle equilibrium position. The axial spacing between two neighboring particles is stable or fluctuates within a certain range. The particle spacing decreases with increasing the power-law index and blockage ratio, and with decreasing Re. The shear-thinning fluid is beneficial to the formation of single-line particle trains and staggered particle trains.
Positron Scattering from Gas-Phase Beryllium and Magnesium: Theory, Recommended Cross Sections, and Transport Simulations
Authors: Blanco F. , García G. , McEachran R. P. , Stokes P. W. , White R. D. , Brunger M. J.
Published: July 2019

Results from the application of our optical potential and relativistic optical potential models to positron scattering from gas-phase beryllium (Be) and magnesium (Mg) are presented. Specifically, total cross sections and integral cross sections for the elastic, positronium formation, summed discrete electronic-state excitation, and ionization scattering processes are reported for both species and over an extended incident positron energy range. Where possible, these results are compared against the existing theoretical and experimental data, although it must be noted here that no current measurements are yet available for Be and those that are available for Mg are largely restricted to the total cross section. Nonetheless, on the basis of that comparison, recommended cross section datasets, for all the aforementioned cross sections, are formed. Those recommended cross section data are subsequently employed in a Boltzmann equation analysis to simulate the transport of positrons, under the influence of an applied (external) electric field, through the background Be and Mg gases. Note that relativistic optical potential results for the elastic momentum transfer cross section are also reported, to allow us to account for anisotropy effects in our transport simulations. Finally, our positron simulation results for quantities such as the ionization rate coefficients and flux and bulk drift velocities are compared with the corresponding electron transport results with significant differences being observed.
Epstein–Barr virus reprograms human B lymphocytes immediately in the prelatent phase of infection
Authors: Mrozek-Gorska Paulina , Buschle Alexander , Pich Dagmar , Schwarzmayr Thomas , Fechtner Ron , Scialdone Antonio , Hammerschmidt Wolfgang
Published: July 2019

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a human tumor virus and a model of herpesviral latency. The virus efficiently infects resting human B lymphocytes and induces their continuous proliferation in vitro, which mimics certain aspects of EBV’s oncogenic potential in vivo. How lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) evolve from the infected lymphocytes is uncertain. We conducted a systematic time-resolved longitudinal study of cellular functions and transcriptional profiles of newly infected naïve primary B lymphocytes. EBV reprograms the cells comprehensively and globally. Rapid and extensive transcriptional changes occur within 24 h and precede any metabolic and phenotypic changes. Within 72 h, the virus activates the cells, changes their phenotypes with respect to cell size, RNA, and protein content, and induces metabolic pathways to cope with the increased demand for energy, supporting an efficient cell cycle entry on day 3 postinfection. The transcriptional program that EBV initiates consists of 3 waves of clearly discernable clusters of cellular genes that peak on day 2, 3, or 4 and regulate RNA synthesis, metabolic pathways, and cell division, respectively. Upon onset of cell doublings on day 4, the cellular transcriptome appears to be completely reprogrammed to support the proliferating cells, but 3 additional clusters of EBV-regulated genes fine-tune cell signaling, migration, and immune response pathways, eventually. Our study reveals that more than 11,000 genes are regulated upon EBV infection as naïve B cells exit quiescence to enter a germinal center-like differentiation program, which culminates in immortalized, proliferating cells that partially resemble plasmablasts and early plasma cells.
Identification of evolutionary and kinetic drivers of NAD-dependent signaling
Authors: Bockwoldt Mathias , Houry Dorothée , Niere Marc , Gossmann Toni I. , Reinartz Ines , Schug Alexander , Ziegler Mathias , Heiland Ines
Published: July 2019

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) provides an important link between metabolism and signal transduction and has emerged as central hub between bioenergetics and all major cellular events. NAD-dependent signaling (e.g., by sirtuins and poly–adenosine diphosphate [ADP] ribose polymerases [PARPs]) consumes considerable amounts of NAD. To maintain physiological functions, NAD consumption and biosynthesis need to be carefully balanced. Using extensive phylogenetic analyses, mathematical modeling of NAD metabolism, and experimental verification, we show that the diversification of NAD-dependent signaling in vertebrates depended on 3 critical evolutionary events: 1) the transition of NAD biosynthesis to exclusive usage of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NamPT); 2) the occurrence of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), which diverts nicotinamide (Nam) from recycling into NAD, preventing Nam accumulation and inhibition of NAD-dependent signaling reactions; and 3) structural adaptation of NamPT, providing an unusually high affinity toward Nam, necessary to maintain NAD levels. Our results reveal an unexpected coevolution and kinetic interplay between NNMT and NamPT that enables extensive NAD signaling. This has implications for therapeutic strategies of NAD supplementation and the use of NNMT or NamPT inhibitors in disease treatment.
Reconciling modern machine-learning practice and the classical bias–variance trade-off
Authors: Belkin Mikhail , Hsu Daniel , Ma Siyuan , Mandal Soumik
Published: July 2019

Significance

While breakthroughs in machine learning and artificial intelligence are changing society, our fundamental understanding has lagged behind. It is traditionally believed that fitting models to the training data exactly is to be avoided as it leads to poor performance on unseen data. However, powerful modern classifiers frequently have near-perfect fit in training, a disconnect that spurred recent intensive research and controversy on whether theory provides practical insights. In this work, we show how classical theory and modern practice can be reconciled within a single unified performance curve and propose a mechanism underlying its emergence. We believe this previously unknown pattern connecting the structure and performance of learning architectures will help shape design and understanding of learning algorithms.
Transsynaptic Fish-lips signaling prevents misconnections between nonsynaptic partner olfactory neurons
Authors: Xie Qijing , Wu Bing , Li Jiefu , Xu Chuanyun , Li Hongjie , Luginbuhl David J. , Wang Xin , Ward Alex , Luo Liqun
Published: July 2019

Significance

In the fruit fly olfactory system, 50 classes of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) make precise synaptic connections with 50 classes of partner projection neurons (PNs). Identification of wiring molecules here can provide general insight into how neural circuits are assembled during development. This paper reports Fish-lips (Fili), a protein spanning the cell membrane, that regulates specific connections in this circuit. We found that some ORN axons are repelled by Fili present on dendrites of nonpartner PNs, preventing them from targeting inappropriate glomeruli. Similarly, some PN dendrites are repelled by Fili expressed by nonpartner ORNs for their correct targeting. These results suggest that Fili mediates repulsion between axons and dendrites of nonsynaptic partners to ensure precise wiring patterns.
“Vŕba, vŕba, daj mi muža (Sauce, sauce, dame un
hombre…)”
Authors: Kováčová Zuzana , Kováčová Jana
Published: July 2019

La imagen de la mujer en la fraseología tiene varios aspectos y
está diferenciada. La bipolaridad del género masculino y femenino determina la
imagen lingüística y cultural del hombre, la mujer y las interacciones entre
ellos, durante las diferentes etapas de sus vidas. Este estudio se basa
metodológicamente en la aceptación de aspectos reflejados en el significado de
las expresiones idiomáticas. El tema de las relaciones amorosas entre jóvenes es
el más representado en la fraseología eslovaca. La diferencia de edad se
percibía de forma negativa. El matrimonio era tomado muy seriamente; se
consideraba una decisión cuyas consecuencias representarían la felicidad o
infelicidad de la persona. En la fraseología podemos encontrar la imagen de la
mujer y del hombre ideal. La belleza era importante, pero el trabajo duro y la
fidelidad eran los valores prioritarios. El rol de la mujer y el hombre, tanto
en la familia como en la sociedad, han sido determinados tradicionalmente. El
estatus de mujer era influenciado por el derecho romano. El estudio trata de una
corta comparación entre las expresiones idiomáticas eslovacas y españolas sobre
el tema de mujeres, hombres y sus características.
Investigating higher education students’ intercultural readiness for academic mobility
Authors: Aba Diler
Published: July 2019

The present study describes the development and initial empirical testing of a new instrument of intercultural competence. By employing this scale, Turkish Erasmus students’ intercultural sensitivity was examined at a pre-departure stage. The study also investigated whether gender, participation in pre-departure orientation activities and university type (private vs. state) had any influence on the students’ intercultural readiness. Student participants (N = 89) from two state and two private universities in Turkey were involved in the investigation. The data were analyzed using a standard set of psychometric procedures including factor and reliability analyses. For the comparative analyses, T-tests and Anova tests were conducted. Results indicated this new scale to be a reasonable approximation of students’ intercultural readiness for academic mobility. Finally, the participants were found to be quite ready for their Erasmus experience from an intercultural communicative perspective.
The interpreter as a citizen diplomat
Authors: Menzel Birgit
Published: July 2019

The article presents a case of interpretation as a political activity during the Cold War. In the 1980s and 1990s, a grassroots citizen diplomacy movement was initiated by the Californian Esalen Institute, the center of the American Human Potential Movement. In and around its Soviet-American exchange program, numerous individuals, NGOs and organizations established personal relationships and professional exchange with citizens of the two super powers and travelled in both directions. Interpreters had a complex and crucial role in this exchange which was different from both the professional experience of conference and of communal interpreting.
Direct observation of branching MT nucleation in living animal cells
Authors: Verma Vikash , Maresca Thomas J.
Published: July 2019

Centrosome-mediated microtubule (MT) nucleation has been well characterized; however, numerous noncentrosomal MT nucleation mechanisms exist. The branching MT nucleation pathway envisages that the γ-tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC) is recruited to MTs by the augmin complex to initiate nucleation of new MTs. While the pathway is well conserved at a molecular and functional level, branching MT nucleation by core constituents has never been directly observed in animal cells. Here, multicolor TIRF microscopy was applied to visualize and quantitatively define the entire process of branching MT nucleation in dividing Drosophila cells during anaphase. The steps of a stereotypical branching nucleation event entailed augmin binding to a mother MT and recruitment of γ-TuRC after 15 s, followed by nucleation 16 s later of a daughter MT at a 36° branch angle. Daughters typically remained attached throughout their ∼40-s lifetime unless the mother depolymerized past the branch point. Assembly of branched MT arrays, which did not require Drosophila TPX2, enhanced localized RhoA activation during cytokinesis.
Laser scattering, transmittance and low thermal expansion behaviors in

Y

2
−
x

(ZnLi)xMo3O12 by forming regular grains*
Authors: Liu Xian-Sheng , Cheng Yong-Guang , Yuan Bao-He , Liang Er-Jun , Zhang Wei-Feng
Published: July 2019

Ceramics usually have irregular grains, cracking, or porosity, which result in their lightproof. Y2Mo3O12 ceramics have more porosity due to the heavy hygroscopicity. Introducing ZnLi to Y2Mo3O12 could form regular grains, reduce cracking and porosity. With increasing the content of ZnLi, the grain shapes self-assembly gradually and then the laser scattering and transmittance improve. The laser scattering property and transmittance of diverging rays become the best in ceramics

Y

2
−
x

(ZnLi)
x
Mo3O12 (x=1.0 and 1.2) with regular grains and low thermal expansion. The formation mechanism of regular grains is ascribed to the substitutions of Zn2+ and Li+ for Y3+ in Y2Mo3O12 resulting in the preferential growth. The investigation in laser scattering, transmittance and low thermal expansion behaviors of

Y

2
−
x

(ZnLi)
x
Mo3O12 could pave a way to weaken the strong-laser attack from the high-power laser weapon and the other.
Thermal resistance matrix representation of thermal effects and thermal design of microwave power HBTs with two-dimensional array layout*
Authors: Chen Rui , Jin Dong-Yue , Zhang Wan-Rong , Wang Li-Fan , Guo Bin , Chen Hu , Yin Ling-Han , Jia Xiao-Xue
Published: July 2019

Based on the thermal network of the two-dimensional heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) array, the thermal resistance matrix is presented, including the self-heating thermal resistance and thermal coupling resistance to describe the self-heating and thermal coupling effects, respectively. For HBT cells along the emitter length direction, the thermal coupling resistance is far smaller than the self-heating thermal resistance, and the peak junction temperature is mainly determined by the self-heating thermal resistance. However, the thermal coupling resistance is in the same order with the self-heating thermal resistance for HBT cells along the emitter width direction. Furthermore, the dependence of the thermal resistance matrix on cell spacing along the emitter length direction and cell spacing along the emitter width direction is also investigated, respectively. It is shown that the moderate increase of cell spacings along the emitter length direction and the emitter width direction could effectively lower the self-heating thermal resistance and thermal coupling resistance, and hence the peak junction temperature is decreased, which sheds light on adopting a two-dimensional non-uniform cell spacing layout to improve the uneven temperature distribution. By taking a 2 × 6 HBTs array for example, a two-dimensional non-uniform cell spacing layout is designed, which can effectively lower the peak junction temperature and reduce the non-uniformity of the dissipated power. For the HBTs array with optimized layout, the high power-handling capability and thermal dissipation capability are kept when the bias voltage increases.
Adsorption and desorption phenomena on thermally annealed multi-walled carbon nanotubes by XANES study
Authors: Rodolphe Tchenguem Kamto Camile , Thiodjio Sendja Bridinette , Mane Mane Jeannot
Published: July 2019

The multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) studied in this work were synthesized by the catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) process, and were thermally annealed by the hot filament plasma enhanced (HF PE) method at 550 °C for two hours. The x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) technique was used to investigate the adsorption and desorption phenomena of the MWCNTs at normal and grazing incidence angles. The adsorbates were found to have different sensitivities to the thermal annealing. The geometry of the incident beam consistently gave information about the adsorption and desorption phenomena. In addition, the adsorption of non-intrinsic potassium quantitatively affected the intrinsic adsorbates and contributed to increase the conductivity of the MWCNTs. The desorption of potassium was almost 70% greater after the thermal annealing. The potassium non-intrinsic adsorbates are from a physisorption mechanism whereas the intrinsic adsorbates result from chemisorption.
Quantum interference of multi-orbital effects in high-harmonic spectra from aligned carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide*
Authors: Liang Hong-Jing , Fan Xin , Feng Shuang , Shan Li-Yu , Gao Qing-Hua , Yan Bo , Ma Ri , Xu Hai-Feng
Published: July 2019

We investigate experimentally multi-orbital effects in high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from aligned CO2 and N2O molecules by intense femtosecond laser fields with linear and elliptical polarizations. For either of the aligned molecules, a minimum in the harmonic spectrum is observed, the position of which shifts to lower-order harmonics when decreasing the intensity or increasing the ellipticity of the driving laser. This indicates that the minimum originates from the dynamic interference of different channels, of which the tunneling ionization and recombination are contributed via different molecular orbitals. The results show that both the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and low-lying HOMO-2 in CO2 (or HOMO-1 in N2O) contribute to the molecular HHG in both linearly and elliptically polarized strong laser fields. Our study would pave a way for understanding multi-electron dynamics from polyatomic molecules irradiated by strong laser fields.
Surperhard monoclinic BC6N allotropes: First-principles investigations*
Authors: Qu Nian-Rui , Wang Hong-Chao , Li Qing , Li Yi-Ding , Li Zhi-Ping , Gou Hui-Yang , Gao Fa-Ming
Published: July 2019

Via structural searching methodology and first-principles calculations, we predicted two new BC6N allotropes, a C-centered monoclinic BC6N (Cm-BC6N) and a primitive-centered monoclinic BC6N (Pm-BC6N). The lattice vibrations, elastic properties, ideal strength, theoretical hardness, and electronic structure of the predicted BC6N were investigated systematically. Our results reveal that Cm-BC6N is more favorable energetically than graphite-like g-BC6N above 20.6 GPa, which is lower than the transition pressures of r-BC6N, t-BC6N, and Pm-BC6N. Both Cm-BC6N and Pm-BC6N are indirect semiconductors with band gaps of 2.66 eV and 0.36 eV, respectively. Cm-BC6N exhibits the excellent ideal shear strength of 53.9 GPa in (011)[01

1

¯

], much greater than that of Pm-BC6N (25.0 GPa in (010)[101] shear direction), and Cm-BC6N shows a much lower anisotropy in shear strength than Pm-BC6N. The Vickers hardness of Cm-BC6N is estimated to be above 80 GPa, which is more outstanding than those of t-BC6N and r-BC6N.
Improvement of TE-polarized emission in type-II InAlN–AlGaN/AlGaN quantum well*
Authors: Li Yi , Zhu Youhua , Wang Meiyu , Deng Honghai , Yin Haihong
Published: July 2019

The optical properties of the type-II lineup In
x
Al1−x
N–Al0.59Ga0.41N/Al0.74Ga0.26N quantum well (QW) structures with different In contents are investigated by using the six-by-six K–P method. The type-II lineup structures exhibit the larger product of Fermi–Dirac distribution functions of electron

f

c

n

and hole

(
1
−

f

v

U
m

)

and the approximately equal transverse electric (TE) polarization optical matrix elements (

|

M

x

|

2

)

for the c1–v1 transition. As a result, the peak intensity in the TE polarization spontaneous emission spectrum is improved by 47.45%–53.84% as compared to that of the conventional AlGaN QW structure. In addition, the type-II QW structure with

x
∼
0.17

has the largest TE mode peak intensity in the investigated In-content range of 0.13–0.23. It can be attributed to the combined effect of

|

M

x

|

2

and

f

c

n

(
1
−

f

v

U
m

)

for the c1–v1, c1–v2, and c1–v3 transitions.
Strong coupling between height of gaps and thickness of thermal boundary layer in partitioned convection system*
Authors: Lin Ze-Peng , Bao Yun
Published: July 2019

A direct numerical simulation (DNS) method is used to calculate the partitioned convection system with Ra number ranging from 107 to 2 ×109. Using the boundary layer thickness to normalize the height of gaps d, we find a strong consistency between the variation of the TD number (the average value of the temperature in each heat transfer channel is averaged after taking the absolute values) with the change of the height of gaps and the variation of the TD number with the change of Ra number in partitioned convection. For a given thickness of partition, heights of gaps are approximately equal to 0.5 or 1 time of the thermal boundary layer thickness

λ

θ

at different Ra numbers. TD number representing temperature characteristics is almost the constant value, which means that TD number is a function of

d

/

λ

θ

only. Analysis of local temperature field of area in gaps shows that the temperature distribution in the gaps are basically the same when

d

/

λ

θ

is certain. The heat transfer Nu number of the system at

d

/

λ

θ

≈
0.5

is larger than that of

d

/

λ

θ

≈
1

, both of them have the same scaling law with Ra number and

Nu
∼

Ra

0.25

.
Resolving multi-orbital effects on high harmonic generation from aligned N2 molecules in linearly and elliptically polarized intense laser fields*
Authors: Liang Hong-Jing , Fan Xin , Feng Shuang , Shan Li-Yu , Gao Qing-Hua , Yan Bo , Ma Ri , Xu Hai-Feng , Ding Da-Jun
Published: July 2019

We perform an experimental study of the multi-orbital effect on the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from aligned N2 molecules in both linearly and elliptically polarized intense laser fields. Measured by a home-built extreme ultraviolet (XUV) flat grating spectrometer with the pump–probe method, the angular distributions of different orders of HHG are obtained, which show distinctive behaviors for harmonics in the plateau and the cut-off regions. The ellipticity dependence of HHG is investigated by aligning the molecular axis parallel or perpendicular to the laser polarization. Our results indicate that both the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) as well as the lower one (HOMO-1) contribute to the HHG of N2 molecules, in either linearly or elliptically polarized intense laser field. The study paves the way for understanding the ultrafast electron dynamics of molecules exposed to an intense laser field.
Magnetic properties of the double perovskite compound Sr2YRuO6
Authors: EL Mekkaoui N. , Idrissi S. , Mtougui S. , EL Housni I. , Khalladi R. , Ziti S. , Labrim H. , Bahmad L.
Published: July 2019

We study the magnetic properties of the double perovskite ruthenate compound Sr2YRuO6 using Monte Carlo simulations (MCS). We elaborate the ground state phase diagrams for all possible and stable configurations. The magnetizations and the susceptibilities as a function of temperature for the studied system are also reported. The effects of the exchange coupling interactions and the crystal field are examined and discussed. On the other hand, since the compound Sr2YRuO6 exhibits an antiferromagnetic behavior, we find its Néel temperature,

T

N

≈
31

K

, which is in good agreement with the experimental results in the literature. To complete this study, the hysteresis loops and the coercive field as a function of the external magnetic field are also obtained for fixed values of the physical parameters.
Intrinsic transverse relaxation mechanisms of polarized alkali atoms enclosed in radio-frequency magnetometer cell*
Authors: Fu Yang-Ying , Yuan Jie
Published: July 2019

The intrinsic transverse relaxation mechanisms of polarized alkali atoms enclosed in the radio-frequency magnetometer cell are investigated. The intrinsic transverse relaxation rate of cesium atoms as a function of cell temperature is obtained. The absorption of alkali atoms by the glass wall and the reservoir effect are the main error factors which contribute to the disagreements between theory and experiments. A modified relaxation model is presented, in which both the absorption of alkali atoms by the glass wall and the reservoir effect are included. This study provides a more accurate description of the intrinsic transverse relaxation mechanisms of polarized alkali atoms, and enlightens the optimization of the cell design.
Using Helmholtz resonator arrays to improve dipole transmission efficiency in waveguide*
Authors: Wang Liwei , Quan Li , Qian Feng , Liu Xiaozhou
Published: July 2019

It is well known that the radiation efficiency of an acoustic dipole is very low, increasing the radiation efficiency of an acoustic dipole is a difficult task, especially in an ordinary waveguide. In addition, current acoustic superlenses all utilize in-phase sources to do the super-resolution imaging, it is almost impossible to realize super-resolution imaging of an acoustic dipole. In this paper, after using the Helmholtz resonator arrays (HRAs) which are placed at the upper and lower surfaces of the waveguide, we observe a large dipole radiation efficiency at the certain frequency, which gives a method to observe an acoustic dipole in the far field and offers a novel model which is promising to realize the superlens with a source of an acoustic dipole. We discuss how the arrangement of HRAs affects the transmission of the acoustic dipole.
Characteristic signal extracted from a continuous time signal on the aspect of frequency domain*
Authors: Du Zhi-Fan , Zhang Rui-Hao , Chen Hong
Published: July 2019

Extracting characteristic signal from a continuous signal can effectively reduce the difficulty of analyzing the running states of a single-variable nonlinear system. Whether the extracted characteristic signal can accurately reflect the running states of the system is very important. In this paper, a method called automatic sampling method (ASM) for extracting characteristic signals is investigated. The complete definition is described, the effectiveness is proved theoretically, and the general formulas of the extracted characteristic signals are derived for the first time. Furthermore, typical Chuaʼs circuit is used to accomplish a lot of experimental research on the aspect of frequency domain. The experimental results show that ASM is feasible and practical, and can automatically generate a characteristic signal with the change of the original signal.