bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wave-controlled aliasing in parallel imaging magnetization-prepared gradient echo (wave-CAIPI MPRAGE) accelerates speed for pediatric brain MRI with comparable diagnostic performance
Authors: Yim Younghee , Chung Mi Sun , Kim Su Yeong , Lee Na Mi , Byun Jun Soo , Chae Soo Ahn
Published: June 2021

We aimed to compare accelerated post-contrast magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (MPRAGE) using wave-controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (wave-CAIPI) with conventional MPRAGE as a reliable method to diagnose intracranial lesions in pediatric patients. A total of 23 consecutive pediatric patients who underwent post-contrast wave-CAIPI and conventional MPRAGE (scan time: 2 min 39 s vs. 5 min 46 s) were retrospectively evaluated. Two radiologists independently assessed each image for the presence of intracranial lesions. Quantitative [contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), contrast rate (CR), and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)] and qualitative parameters (overall image quality, gray-white matter differentiation, demarcation of basal ganglia and sulci, and motion artifacts) were also surveyed. Wave-CAIPI MPRAGE and conventional MPRAGE detected enhancing and non-enhancing intracranial lesions with 100% agreement. Although wave-CAIPI MPRAGE had a lower SNR (all p < 0.05) and overall image quality (overall analysis, p = 0.02) compared to conventional MPRAGE, other quantitative (CNR and CR) and qualitative parameters (gray-white differentiation, demarcation of basal ganglia and sulci, and motion artifacts) were comparable in the pooled analysis and between both observers (all p > 0.05). Wave-CAIPI MPRAGE was a reliable method for diagnosing intracranial lesions in pediatric patients as conventional MPRAGE at half the scan time.
Thermal imaging potential and limitations to predict healing of venous leg ulcers
Authors: Monshipouri Mahta , Aliahmad Behzad , Ogrin Rajna , Elder Kylie , Anderson Jacinta , Polus Barbara , Kumar Dinesh
Published: June 2021

Area analysis of thermal images can detect delayed healing in diabetes foot ulcers, but not venous leg ulcers (VLU) assessed in the home environment. This study proposes using textural analysis of thermal images to predict the healing trajectory of venous leg ulcers assessed in home settings. Participants with VLU were followed over twelve weeks. Digital images, thermal images and planimetry of wound tracings of the ulcers of 60 older participants was recorded in their homes by nurses. Participants were labelled as healed or unhealed based on status of the wound at the 12th week follow up. The weekly change in textural features was computed and the first two principal components were obtained. 60 participants (aged 80.53 ± 11.94 years) with 72 wounds (mean area 21.32 ± 51.28cm2) were included in the study. The first PCA of the change in textural features in week 2 with respect to week 0 were statistically significant for differentiating between healed and unhealed cases. Textural analysis of thermal images is an effective method to predict in week 2 which venous leg ulcers will not heal by week 12 among older people whose wounds are being managed in their homes.
Intergenerational trauma transmission is associated with brain metabotranscriptome remodeling and mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Alhassen Sammy , Chen Siwei , Alhassen Lamees , Phan Alvin , Khoudari Mohammad , De Silva Angele , Barhoosh Huda , Wang Zitong , Parrocha Chelsea , Shapiro Emily , Henrich Charity , Wang Zicheng , Mutesa Leon , Baldi Pierre , Abbott Geoffrey W. , Alachkar Amal
Published: June 2021

Intergenerational trauma increases lifetime susceptibility to depression and other psychiatric disorders. Whether intergenerational trauma transmission is a consequence of in-utero neurodevelopmental disruptions versus early-life mother–infant interaction is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that trauma exposure during pregnancy induces in mouse offspring social deficits and depressive-like behavior. Normal pups raised by traumatized mothers exhibited similar behavioral deficits to those induced in pups raised by their biological traumatized mothers. Good caregiving by normal mothers did not reverse prenatal trauma-induced behaviors, indicating a two-hit stress mechanism comprising both in-utero abnormalities and early-life poor parenting. The behavioral deficits were associated with profound changes in the brain metabotranscriptome. Striking increases in the mitochondrial hypoxia marker and epigenetic modifier 2-hydroxyglutaric acid in the brains of neonates and adults exposed prenatally to trauma indicated mitochondrial dysfunction and epigenetic mechanisms. Bioinformatic analyses revealed stress- and hypoxia-response metabolic pathways in the neonates, which produced long-lasting alterations in mitochondrial energy metabolism and epigenetic processes (DNA and chromatin modifications). Most strikingly, early pharmacological interventions with acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) supplementation produced long-lasting protection against intergenerational trauma-induced depression.
Diversity-oriented synthesis of glycomimetics
Authors: Meanwell Michael , Fehr Gaelen , Ren Weiwu , Adluri Bharanishashank , Rose Victoria , Lehmann Johannes , Silverman Steven M. , Rowshanpour Rozhin , Adamson Christopher , Bergeron-Brlek Milan , Foy Hayden , Challa Venugopal Rao , Campeau Louis-Charles , Dudding Travis , Britton Robert
Published: June 2021

Glycomimetics are structural mimics of naturally occurring carbohydrates and represent important therapeutic leads in several disease treatments. However, the structural and stereochemical complexity inherent to glycomimetics often challenges medicinal chemistry efforts and is incompatible with diversity-oriented synthesis approaches. Here, we describe a one-pot proline-catalyzed aldehyde α-functionalization/aldol reaction that produces an array of stereochemically well-defined glycomimetic building blocks containing fluoro, chloro, bromo, trifluoromethylthio and azodicarboxylate functional groups. Using density functional theory calculations, we demonstrate both steric and electrostatic interactions play key diastereodiscriminating roles in the dynamic kinetic resolution. The utility of this simple process for generating large and diverse libraries of glycomimetics is demonstrated in the rapid production of iminosugars, nucleoside analogues, carbasugars and carbohydrates from common intermediates.
Simulation and machine learning modelling based comparative study of InAlGaN and AlGaN high electron mobility transistors for the detection of HER-2
Authors: Mishra Shivanshu , Chaturvedi Nidhi
Published: June 2021

For the first time, a InAlGaN based HEMT has been used for biosensing applications. Also, machine learning techniques are introduced in the modelling of the physics of a semiconductor device.
Bridgman growth and characterization of a HoCa4O(BO3)3 crystal
Authors: He Xinchao , Sun Zhigang , Tu Xiaoniu , Wang Sheng , Xiong Kainan , Chen Hongbing , Zhang Xiaoyan , Shen Liming , Zheng Yanqing
Published: June 2021

HoCa4O(BO3)3 grown with Bridgman method used in QPCPA system.
Development of a thermodynamic approach to assist the control of the precipitation of hydroxyapatites and associated calcium phosphates in open systems
Authors: Reynaud Corentin , Thomas Cyril , Casale Sandra , Nowak Sophie , Costentin Guylène
Published: June 2021

Thermodynamics of the precipitation of calcium phosphates shows the importance of the pH and the order of introduction of the precursor ions on the textural (morphology, surface area) and structural (defects) properties of hydroxyapatites.
Exploring the structures and properties of nickel silicides at the pressures of the Earth’s core
Authors: Kong Panlong , Wang Jingjing , Wang Hongyan , Ni Yuxiang , Wang Hui , Tang Yongliang , Liu Hanyu , Chen Yuanzheng
Published: June 2021

The electronic properties and sound velocity anisotropy of the predicted stable Ni–Si compounds at 350 GPa were investigated.
Correction: The corrosion inhibition of stainless steel by ferrocene–polyoxometalate hybrid molecular materials – experimental and first principles studies
Authors: G. Sruthi , K. Shakeela , R. Shanmugam , G. Ranga Rao
Published: June 2021

Correction for ‘The corrosion inhibition of stainless steel by ferrocene–polyoxometalate hybrid molecular materials – experimental and first principles studies’ by G. Sruthi et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2020, 22, 3329–3344, DOI: 10.1039/C9CP06284J.
Protein from renewable resources: mycoprotein production from agricultural residues
Authors: Upcraft Thomas , Tu Wei-Chien , Johnson Rob , Finnigan Tim , Van Hung Nguyen , Hallett Jason , Guo Miao
Published: June 2021

Protein fermentation, intended for human consumption, from agricultural residues has been shown to be a potential viable process from a technical, economic and sustainability perspective.
Ethylenediamine series as additives to control the morphology of magnetite nanoparticles
Authors: Norfolk Laura , Kapusta Klaudia , Cooke David , Staniland Sarah
Published: June 2021

Shape-specific magnetite nanoparticles are crucial in nanoindustry, especially nanomedicine. Amine chain additive selectively binding to the [111] crystal face to direct the formation of octahedral particles under ambient synthesis conditions.
Enzyme entrapment, biocatalyst immobilization without covalent attachment
Authors: Imam Hasan T. , Marr Patricia C. , Marr Andrew C.
Published: June 2021

The entrapment of enzymes in organic, inorganic or biomaterials can yield active immobilized biocatalysts for chemical transformations without the need to form covalent bonds with the protein.
Repeatability enhancing method for one-shot LIBS analysis via spectral intensity correction based on probability distribution
Authors: Chang Fu , Yang Jianhong , Lu Huili , Li Haixia
Published: June 2021

A correction model is established between the spectrum of one-shot measurement and the averaged spectrum of multiple measurements based on spectral intensity probability distribution. Only one measured spectrum is needed during the test stage.
Influence of the molecular structure on heterocyclic-ring dissociation kinetics and structural evolution of laser-induced plasmas
Authors: Lai G. D. , Zhao Y. L. , Luo S. N. , Shi J. C.
Published: June 2021

Exploring the influence of the molecular structure on the dissociation kinetics and structural evolution of heterocyclic rings in fs laser-induced plasma based on temporally and spatially resolved measurements.
TC1725: a proposed chalcopyrite reference material for LA-MC-ICP-MS sulfur isotope determination
Authors: Bao Zhian , Chen Kaiyun , Zong Chunlei , Yuan Honglin
Published: June 2021

Here we propose a chalcopyrite reference material for LA-MC-ICP-MS sulfur isotope determination.
Correction: Microfluidic devices powered by integrated elasto-magnetic pumps
Authors: Binsley Jacob L. , Martin Elizabeth L. , Myers Thomas O. , Pagliara Stefano , Ogrin Feodor Y.
Published: June 2021

Correction for ‘Microfluidic devices powered by integrated elasto-magnetic pumps’ by Jacob L. Binsley et al., Lab Chip, 2020, 20, 4285–4295, DOI: 10.1039/D0LC00935K.
3D and 4D printable dual cross-linked polymers with high strength and humidity-triggered reversible actuation
Authors: Jiang Zhen , Shen Peidong , Li Tan Ming , Yan Qiao , Viktorova Jekaterina , Cementon Chiara , Peng Xiaotong , Xiao Pu , Connal Luke A.
Published: June 2021

We report a macromolecular design concept to develop humidity-responsive polymers with simultaneously improved mechanical properties and 3D printability, while still displaying fast, reversible and complex shape transformations.
Photophysical properties and fluorescence lifetime imaging of exfoliated near-infrared fluorescent silicate nanosheets
Authors: Selvaggio Gabriele , Weitzel Milan , Oleksiievets Nazar , Oswald Tabea A. , Nißler Robert , Mey Ingo , Karius Volker , Enderlein Jörg , Tsukanov Roman , Kruss Sebastian
Published: June 2021

Egyptian Blue (CaCuSi4O10, EB), Han Blue (BaCuSi4O10, HB) and Han Purple (BaCuSi2O6, HP) are exfoliated into 2D nanosheets (NS). Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence properties are reported and (lifetime) imaging applications are demonstrated.
Effect of diatomite addition on crystalline phase formation of TiO2 and photocatalytic degradation of MDMA
Authors: Bengotni Leila , Trari Belhadj , Lebeau Bénédicte , Michelin Laure , Josien Ludovic , Bengueddach Abdelkader , Hamacha Rachida
Published: June 2021

Different composites TiO2@SiO2 were obtained by in situ synthesis of TiO2 on Algerian diatomite. Our results show that there is an optimum amount of diatomite which leads to mixed TiO2 phase with enhanced photocatalytic activity.
Stereochemically enriched extractants for the extraction of actinides
Authors: Felines N. , Arrachart G. , Giusti F. , Beillard A. , Marie C. , Pellet-Rostaing S.
Published: June 2021

Stereoisomers of monoamide highlight the importance of the extractant chirality for U/Pu extraction.
Unveiling the regioselectivity in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions of deactivated benzenes through molecular electron density theory
Authors: Domingo Luis R. , Ríos-Gutiérrez Mar , Aurell María José
Published: June 2021

Regioselectivity results from the slight polarization of the electron density and weak repulsive interactions appearing along theorthoapproach mode.
Surface plasmonic resonance tunable nanocomposite thin films applicable to color filters, heat mirrors, semi-transparent electrodes, and electromagnetic-shields
Authors: Kim Sung Hyun , Rho Yecheol , Cho Eunmi , Myung Jin Suk , Lee Sang-Jin
Published: June 2021

This study proposes a plasmonic resonance–tunable nanocomposite thin film, which applies to multiapplication, given that the size and structure of nanoclusters can be controlled by a sputtering power density.
A petal-shaped MOF assembled with a gold nanocage and urate oxidase used as an artificial enzyme nanohybrid for tandem catalysis and dual-channel biosensing
Authors: Sun Zejun , Sun Yujiao , Yang Meng , Jin Hui , Gui Rijun
Published: June 2021

A petal-shaped MOF assembled with a gold nanocage and urate oxidase used for tandem catalysis and dual-channel biosensing of uric acid.
Electrochemical-induced hydroxylation of aryl halides in the presence of Et3N in water
Authors: Yang Li , Zhuang Qinglong , Wu Mei , Long Hua , Lin Chen , Lin Mei , Ke Fang
Published: June 2021

A thorough study of mild and environmentally friendly electrochemical-induced hydroxylation of aryl halides without a catalyst is presented.
The 1,3-dithiol-2-ide carbanion
Authors: Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted
Published: June 2021

This review covers the 1,3-dithiol-2-ide structural unit in relation to the dual electronic character of dithiafulvene and in relation to using it as a synthetic building block for constructing for example extended tetrathiafulvalenes.
Ionic polyacetylene with a unique nanostructure and high stability by metathesis cyclopolymerization-induced self-assembly
Authors: Li Hongfei , Song Wei , Liao Xiaojuan , Sun Ruyi , Xie Meiran
Published: June 2021

Conjugated ionic polyacetylene was synthesized by metathesis cyclopolymerization, and self-assembled into various nanostructures, which exhibited high thermal and oxidative stability.
Regulating the species and the counter-ion size of proton acids to prepare novel poly(4-aminodiphenylamine) nanomaterials for supercapacitors
Authors: Zhao Rui , Peng Hui , Wang Faqiang , Zhen Jianghong , Li Lu , Ma Guofu , Lei Ziqiang
Published: June 2021

Poly(4-aminodiphenylamine) nanosheets have been prepared by using different proton acids as dopants and a cationic surfactant as the structure-directing agent, which exhibit intertwined nanosheet morphology and superior electrochemical properties.
Self-trapped exciton to dopant energy transfer in Sb3+-doped Cs2ZrCl6 perovskite variants
Authors: Zhou Jun , Yun Xiangyan , Wang Ruoyu , Xu Denghui , Li Xiong
Published: June 2021

The study on the doping in perovskites and perovskite variants become a hot issue, which can provide a feasible way for modulating the electronic and photoluminescence properties and structural stability.
Concentric annular liquid–liquid phase separation for flow chemistry and continuous processing
Authors: Harding Matthew J. , Feng Bin , Lopez-Rodriguez Rafael , O'Connor Heather , Dowling Denis , Gibson Geoff , Girard Kevin P. , Ferguson Steven
Published: June 2021

A low-cost, modular, robust, and easily customisable continuous liquid–liquid phase separator has been developed that uses a tubular membrane and annular channels to allow high fluidic throughputs while maintaining rapid, surface wetting dominated, phase separation.
Coastal Women’s Resilience Strategy against Climate Change Vulnerability in Makassar, Indonesia
Authors: Malik Ihyani , Abdillah  , Rusnaedy Zaldi , Khaerah Nur
Published: June 2021

The city’s resilience capacity needs to be carried out to support a broader, planned, and integrated development process. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to obtain the actual condition of the vulnerability of coastal women in facing climate change in the city of Makassar, which includes aspects of individual capacity and organizational capacity, as well as systems in the city of Makassar. To find the ideal strategy to manage the vulnerability of coastal women to disasters and climate change in the city of Makassar. The research method uses a qualitative-exploratory method with a phenomenological approach. The data sources used are primary and secondary data. Data collection techniques through field studies and literature studies. The data analysis technique used is an interactive model. The results of the study show that women’s vulnerability in coastal areas is caused in addition by erratic rainfall as well as policy gaps related to women concerning climate change in the city of Makassar and the government’s commitment to ensuring the protection of women’s rights through a half-hearted urban climate policy. Furthermore, the ideal strategy in ecosystem-based adaptive governance is to manage the vulnerability of coastal women.
Transformations of Global Cooperation Processes as a Strategy of Sustainable Social Development in the Context of Research and Education
Authors: Zinchenko Viktor Viktorovich , Boichenko Mykhailo Ivanovych , Polishchuk Oleksandr Serhiyovych , Drach Iryna Ivanivna
Published: June 2021

Globalization involves the merging of societies and economies (and all their institutions – including educational and scientific) of all countries into a single socio-economic system with the prospect of more effective political coordination among them. There is a need for a new type of social contract between society and citizens, which must necessarily be included in modern institutional systems. This contract manifests itself differently on the basis of different national cultures, so the socio-economic development should be based on intercultural dialogue between different countries, social systems and civic institutions. The internationalization and integration of higher education in the global and international aspect raises many new questions for theory and practice: what patterns, forms, methods of management are universal, and which of them are specific. It is assumed that it is necessary to identify and conceptualize the essential interdependence of systemic and functional characteristics of the institutional dimension of global transformations of world development.
Sustainable Energy Investment through Paradiplomacy Practices in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Harakan Ahmad , Mustari Nuryanti , Kinyondo Abel Alfred
Published: June 2021

The use of energy in developing countries is marked by the government’s involvement in realizing the transfer of energy use from conventional to renewable. This involvement is in line with the sustainable development Goals program, which emphasizes the need for action in using environmentally friendly and sustainable energy in the implementation of development. The correct option in realizing the dominance of renewable energy is through investment and cooperation with partners from abroad who have experience and knowledge in the use of renewable energy. Independent investment and cooperation can be realized with paradiplomacy practices carried out by local governments. The research and dissemination of ideas in this article aim to discuss the dynamics of renewable energy investment in paradiplomacy practices. Research with the theme of paradiplomacy uses qualitative research through in-depth and relevant case studies. The technique of determining informants was carried out by purposive sampling through key persons, by determining which groups of participants became informants according to the selected criteria relevant to the research problem. Observation, interview, and documentation are data and information collection techniques in this study. The support of the central government and local governments is manifested in the availability of regulations, permits that are not complicated, and relevant promotions that support the realization of the use of renewable energy and transfer technology.
Improving the Quality of City Cleanliness through Investment Paradiplomacy in Bantaeng, Indonesia
Authors: Harakan Ahmad , Mustari Nuryanti , Alfred Kinyondo Abel
Published: June 2021

The phenomenon of governance after the Reformation was the provision of more excellent opportunities for local governments to explore the capabilities and resources of their respective regions. Autonomy reflects the centralization policy that was previously implemented and is considered to have not been maximal in producing quality governance improvements, especially in cleanliness, which is the main problem in governance. This opportunity can be implemented by conducting learning and collaboration with other parties, both private and local governments abroad, who have a best practice profile of cleanliness governance through paradiplomacy practices. This research wants to obtain in-depth data. Data collection was carried out in three ways, namely interviews, observation, and documentation studies, through a qualitative approach with the case study method. The learning Process and cooperation in the Bantaeng Regency government impact changing people’s views and making hygiene management policies in Bantaeng. Besides, there is technology transfer to support the effectiveness and efficiency of waste management and city cleanliness in Bantaeng Regency.
Conversion of waste cooking oil by rhodococcal lipase immobilized in gellan gum
Authors: Maniyam Maegala Nallapan , Azman Hazeeq Hazwan , Abdullah Hasdianty , Yaacob Nor Suhaila
Published: June 2021

Recently, the application of lipase enzyme as biocatalyst in the conversion of waste cooking oil (WCO) to free fatty acids and glycerol has been trending well. Therefore, the present study attempts to use WCO which is found in abundance in Malaysia as the substrate for halal microbial lipase conversion to glycerol which can be exploited in the food industry. The workability of free lipase for WCO conversion, however suffers severely due to potential denaturation of the enzyme and extended reaction time. Thus, this study embraced the immobilization method to encapsulate crude lipase extracted from Rhodococcus pyridinivorans strain UCC 0009 in gellan gum and calcium alginate, respectively and compared their ability for WCO conversion to free crude lipase. The gellan gum and calcium alginate-immobilized crude lipase evidently exhibited greater WCO conversion, demonstrating 2.18-fold and 1.61-fold enhanced lipase activity, respectively in comparison to free crude lipase. The repeated reuse of the gellan gum-immobilized crude lipase maintained reasonable lipase activity for 9 cycles, retaining an average 85 % WCO conversion for the first seven cycles and 67 % conversion in the subsequent batches. Thus, the immobilized halal lipase can be foreseen as a green substitute to chemical catalyst for WCO conversion which meets the worldwide demand for clean technologies.
Factors of integration of education system in effective sustainable development strategy
Authors: Zhyzhko Тetyana , Krokhmal Nataliia , Horpynych Оlha , Riezanova Natalia
Published: June 2021

From the very first day of his birth until his death, man is under the watchful eye of society. Economic or industrial relations form the basis of society and social life. But, according to most sociologists and philosophers of the XX-XXI centuries, for thousands of years there were other, not less important laws and relationships that impeccably «guide» human actions – these are moral values. Thus, economics, morality and politics are so closely intertwined in modern post-industrial society that it is simply impossible to separate them from each other. After all, today «man as a person» and «man as a citizen» define two main directions of progress of human existence: the direction of development of the «inner world» of man the formation of new moral and psychological principles of existence; the direction of development of the «external world» of man – the formation of new economic, political and socio-psychological principles of existence. But a person’s freedom of action in a post-industrial society does not absolve himself of responsibility to society. Responsibility itself keeps a person from uncontrolled intentions.
Sustainable development and the role of instrumentalism concepts for social institutions and educational system
Authors: Bilan Tatiana , Lakusha Nataliia , Petriv Oksana , Sylkina Svitlana
Published: June 2021

The conception of pragmatism and the educational theory deriving from it are quite popular in management systems and social sciences in the context of the need of implementing sustainable development strategies. This is facilitated, firstly, by the combination in the renewed conceptions of this trend of its bottom-up positions with the ideas of other worldview trends – neo-positivism, existentialism, neoFreudism – which enabled enriching the categorical apparatus and general theoretical content of the educational model, management and social education of pragmatism, while preserving the spirit of the conception. Secondly, the changes undergone by the conception of pragmatism in education have allowed it to successfully integrate into the currently intensified general trend of understanding educational management as a process of socialization of the individual, his/her adaptation to the existing values of Western society. In this context, it is a matter of assessing human behavior not in terms of whether it is consistent with fixed, „eternal‟ moral principles, but rather in terms of the practical results that human actions contribute to the achievement of a given aim. This aim was understood in different ways: some identified it with the development of personal consciousness, while others linked it to self-improvement or integrity, still others linked it to the ultimate development of all human faculties, etc. Obviously, the very desire for such a shift in the assessment of human behavior reflected the fact that the absolute principles and norms of classical ethics were no longer „working‟ under the new social conditions; a more sophisticated criterion was needed to evaluate behavior in the context of constantly changing factors in social and individual life.
Experimental investigation and optimization of wall deflection and material removal rate in milling thin-wall parts
Authors: Bolar Gururaj , Joshi Shrikrishna Nandkishor
Published: June 2021

The selection of optimal process parameters is essential while machining thin-wall parts since it influences the quality of the product and affects productivity. Dimensional accuracy affects the product quality, whereas the material removal rate alters the process productivity. Therefore, the study investigated the effect of tool diameter, feed per tooth, axial and radial depth of cut on wall deflection, and material removal rate. The selected process parameters were found to significantly influence the in-process deflection and thickness deviation due to the generation of unfavorable cutting forces. Further, an increase in the material removal rate resulted in chatter, thus adversely affecting the surface quality during the final stages of machining. Considering the conflicting nature of the two performance measures, Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II was adopted to solve the multi-objective optimization problem. The developed model could predict the optimal combination of process variables needed to lower the in-process wall deflection and maintain a superior surface finish while maintaining a steady material removal rate.
On star family packing of graphs
Authors: Li Mengya , Lin Wensong
Published: June 2021

Let ℋ be a family of graphs. An ℋ-packing of a graph G is a set {G1, G2,…,Gk} of disjoint subgraphs of G such that each Gj is isomorphic to some element of ℋ. An ℋ-packing of a graph G that covers the maximum number of vertices of G is called a maximum ℋ-packing of G. The ℋ-packing problem seeks to find a maximum ℋ-packing of a graph. Let i be a positive integer. An i-star is a complete bipartite graph K1,i. This paper investigates the ℋ-packing problem with H being a family of stars. For an arbitrary family 𝒮 of stars, we design a linear-time algorithm for the 𝒮-packing problem in trees. Let t be a positive integer. An ℋ-packing is called a t+-star packing if ℋ consists of i-stars with i ≥ t. We show that the t+-star packing problem for t ≥ 2 is NP-hard in bipartite graphs. As a consequence, the 2+-star packing problem is NP-hard even in bipartite graphs with maximum degree at most 4. Let T and t be two positive integers with T > t. An ℋ-packing is called a T\t-star packing if ℋ={K1,1,K1,2,…,K1,T}\{K1,t}. For t ≥ 2, we present a t/t+1-approximation algorithm for the T\t-star packing problem that runs in 𝒪(mn1/2) time, where n is the number of vertices and m the number of edges of the input graph. We also design a 1/2-approximation algorithm for the 2+-star packing problem that runs in 𝒪(m) time, where m is the number of edges of the input graph. As a consequence, every connected graph with at least 3 vertices has a 2+-star packing that covers at least half of its vertices.
An elliptic adaptation of ideas of Carleman and Domar from complex analysis related to Levinson’s loglog theorem
Authors: Logunov A. , Papazov H.
Published: June 2021

Using the three ball inequality, we adapt the elegant ideas of Carleman and Domar from complex analysis to linear elliptic partial differentialequations and generalize the classical Levinson’s loglog theorem.
Experimental study on formation mechanism of main droplets and elimination method of satellite droplets in jet process
Authors: Duan Runze , Zhang Heng , Tian Liang , Wang Enyu , Liu Teng , Zhao Ruolin , Liu Liansheng
Published: June 2021

In certain industries, such as the Chinese pharmaceutical pill preparation medicines, the occurrence of satellite droplets and the inconsistent diameters of the main droplets lead to wasted resources and affect the normal operation of the production system. So it is necessary to investigate the formation process of main droplets and the elimination method of satellite droplets in the jet process. In this paper, the effects of the liquid level height, dropper inner diameter, and glycerin mass fraction on the formation of the droplets are revealed, and the optimal frequency for eliminating satellite droplets is explored. The results show that the diameter of the main droplets increases as the liquid level height and the dropper inner diameter increase and decreases as the glycerin mass fraction increases. The fracture length has a growing trend as the liquid level, dropper inner diameter, and glycerin mass fraction increase. With the increase in the dropper inner diameter and glycerin mass fraction, the generation period increases. However, the increase in the liquid level height has an opposite influence on the other parameters. The optimal frequency for eliminating satellite droplets increases as the liquid level height and dropper inner diameter increase and decreases as the liquid becomes more viscous. However, the diameter and generation period of the main droplets decrease when a longitudinal disturbance is added to the jet system.
Centralizer theory for long-lived spin states
Authors: Bengs Christian
Published: June 2021

Nuclear long-lived spin states represent spin density operator configurations that are exceptionally well protected against spin relaxation phenomena. Their long-lived character is exploited in a variety of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) techniques. Despite the growing importance of long-lived spin states in modern NMR, strategies for their identification have changed little over the last decade. The standard approach heavily relies on a chain of group theoretical arguments. In this paper, we present a more streamlined method for the calculation of such configurations. Instead of focusing on the symmetry properties of the relaxation superoperator, we focus on its corresponding relaxation algebra. This enables us to analyze long-lived spin states with Lie algebraic methods rather than group theoretical arguments. We show that the centralizer of the relaxation algebra forms a basis for the set of long-lived spin states. The characterization of the centralizer, on the other hand, does not rely on any special symmetry arguments, and its calculation is straightforward. We outline a basic algorithm and illustrate advantages by considering long-lived spin states for some spin-1/2 pairs and rapidly rotating methyl groups.
Inertial migration of a neutrally buoyant circular particle in a planar Poiseuille flow with thermal fluids
Authors: Liu Wenwei , Wu Chuan-Yu
Published: June 2021

This work presents an extensive numerical study on the inertial migration of a neutrally buoyant circular particle in a planar Poiseuille flow with thermal convection using the lattice Boltzmann method. The numerical analysis confirms that, once the channel Grashof number Gr reaches a critical value Grc, the particle lateral equilibrium position transits from above the centerline to below. Moreover, the critical Grashof number Grc depends on the channel Reynolds number and the particle-to-channel size ratio. A force scaling analysis is performed, from which a unified Grashof number Gr* is introduced to consider the synergetic effects of thermal convection and particle size. In addition, it is also found that the occurrence of equilibrium position transition is not sensitive to the initial conditions, but the exact transition point depends on the initial conditions, such as the initial position of the particle and the fluid flow state.
One-dimensional yttrium silicide electride (Y5Si3:e−) for encapsulation of volatile fission products
Authors: Kuganathan Navaratnarajah , Chroneos Alexander , Grimes Robin W.
Published: June 2021

Better ways are needed to capture radioactive volatile fission products (Kr, Xe, Br, I, Te, Rb, and Cs) discharged during the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel in order to reduce the volumes of produced waste and minimize environmental impact. Using density functional theory, we examine the efficacy of a one-dimensional yttrium silicide electride (Y5Si3:e−) as a host matrix to encapsulate these species. Endoergic encapsulation energies calculated for Kr, Xe, Rb, and Cs imply they are not captured by Y5Si3:e−. Encapsulation is exoergic for Br, I, and Te with respect to their atoms and dimers as reference states, meaning that they can be captured effectively due to their high electronegativities. This is further supported by the formation of anions due to charge transfer between Y5Si3:e− and Br (I and Te). The selectivity of this material for these volatile species makes it promising for use in nuclear filters.
Recent developments of quantum sensing under pressurized environment using the nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond
Authors: Ho Kin On , Wong King Cho , Leung Man Yin , Pang Yiu Yung , Leung Wai Kuen , Yip King Yau , Zhang Wei , Xie Jianyu , Goh Swee K. , Yang Sen
Published: June 2021

Pressure has been established as a powerful way of tuning material properties and studying various exotic quantum phases. Nonetheless, measurements under pressure are no trivial matter. To ensure a stable pressure environment, several experimental restrictions must be imposed including the limited size of a sample chamber. These have created difficulties in assembling high-pressure devices and conducting measurements. Hence, novel sensing methods that are robust and compatible with high-pressure devices under pressure are highly in demand. In this review, we discuss the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond as a versatile quantum sensor under pressure. The excellent sensitivity and superior resolution of the NV center enable exciting developments in recent years. The NV center has great potential in sensing under pressure, especially beneficial to magnetic-related measurements.
Droplet behavior and its effects on flow characteristics in T-junction microchannels
Authors: Pang Yan , Lu Yao , Wang Xiang , Liu Zhaomiao
Published: June 2021

The single-phase flow and droplet flow are investigated in a rectangular microchannel with a T-junction, through experiments and simulations to improve the understanding of a droplet flow and its effect on overall flow in channels with junctions. Droplet behavior can be divided into three modes: flow into the side branch, a split at the junction, and flow into the downstream channel. In branches of the junction, the flow rate ratio and the pressure difference are affected by droplets with the same flow behavior flowing in the junction. The change in the volumetric flow rate ratio and pressure difference between two channels also depend on droplet size and flow conditions. Furthermore, the length of the droplet affects whether the droplet splits at the junction, and this behavior can be documented by a power law relationship between the capillary number Ca and droplet length.
Effects of the filter microstructure and ambient air condition on the aerodynamic dispersion of sneezing droplets: A multiscale and multiphysics simulation study
Authors: Lee Kyeongeun , Oh Jungtaek , Kim Dongwhan , Yoo Jinbok , Yun Gun Jin , Kim Jooyoun
Published: June 2021

Concerns have been ramping up with regard to the propagation of infectious droplets due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic. The effects of filter microstructures and ambient air flows on droplet dispersion by sneezing are investigated by a fully coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian computational modeling with a micro-to-macroscale bridging approach. Materials that are commonly applied to face masks are modeled to generate two different virtual masks with various levels of filtration efficiency, and the leakage percentages through the unsealed nose and cheek areas were set to 11% and 25%, respectively. The droplet propagation distance was simulated with and without mask wearing in still and windy conditions involving head wind, tail wind, and side wind. The results demonstrate that wearing a face mask reduces the transmittance distance of droplets by about 90%–95% depending on the mask type; nonetheless, the droplets can be transmitted to distances of 20–25 cm in the forward direction even with mask-wearing. Thus, a social distance of at least 20 cm between people would help to prevent them from becoming exposed to ejected droplets. This study is significant in that important aspects of mask materials, in this case the porous microstructure-dependent filtration efficiency and permeability under varied ambient flow conditions, were considered for the first time in an evaluation of the barrier performance against droplet transmittance through a multiphase computational fluid dynamics simulation of air-droplet interaction and turbulence flow dynamics.
On the consistent modeling of shear-thickening polymer solutions
Authors: Stephanou Pavlos S.
Published: June 2021

During the past few decades, the interest in understanding the peculiar rheological behavior of shear-thickening fluids has increased due to their potential use in various commercial applications. In such an endeavor, the optimal design of these fluids is essential, which necessitates our in-depth understanding of their properties from a modeling perspective. We herein introduce a continuum model to predict the rheological behavior of shear-thickening polymer solutions using non-equilibrium thermodynamics that guarantees, by construction, consistency with the laws of thermodynamics as extended to handle non-equilibrium systems. This is made possible by using a scalar structural variable that characterizes the formation of the shear-induced structure at sufficiently high shear rates, and a conformation tensor that characterizes the deformation of the polymer segments. The model predicts the exhibition of a shear-thickening behavior for all steady shear flow material functions (shear viscosity and normal stress coefficients), which is then followed by a shear-thinning behavior if finite extensibility or anisotropic effects are considered. We further document that these model predictions are in line with available shear viscosity rheological data for shear-thickening polymer solutions.
Fluid–structure interaction in piezoelectric energy harvesting of a membrane wing
Authors: Huang Guangjing , Xia Yingjie , Dai Yuting , Yang Chao , Wu You
Published: June 2021

Flow-induced vibrations (FIVs) can be utilized to harvest energy for micro-aerial vehicles. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the fluid–structure interaction in piezoelectric energy harvesting. A piezoelectric energy harvester for a membrane wing at Reynolds number Re = 8000 is studied based on an aero-electro-mechanical model using the computational fluid dynamics/computational structure dynamic coupling method. The updated Lagrangian formulation is applied for the large deformation of the flexible structure. The effects of the location of piezoelectric harvesters and the angle of attack (α=4∘–24°) on FIV response and energy harvesting performance are investigated. Average power density is defined to evaluate the energy harvesting performance of the harvester. The location of the piezoelectric harvester has a negligible effect on the energy harvesting performance under the same FIV response. However, the change in local stiffness caused by the location of the piezoelectric harvester may induce a noticeable difference in FIV response which impacts the energy harvesting performance. The simulation results indicate the strong coupling relationship among flow field, membrane structure, and electric field. There are two states of fluid–structure interaction at the angles of attack investigated. At α=4°–12°, the vibration response of the membrane wing is mainly driven by the natural frequency of the structure. At α=16°–24°, the convection and shedding of leading- and trailing-edge vortices play a dominant role in FIV response. The work presents the mechanism of fluid–structure interaction in energy harvesting from FIVs and provides a significant basis for designing energy harvesters of membrane wings.
Self-diffusion processes in stoichiometric iron mononitride
Authors: Niti  , Tayal Akhil , Pandey Nidhi , Reddy V. R. , Gupta Ajay , Gupta Mukul
Published: June 2021

In this work, we studied atomic self-diffusion and structural phase transformation in a single phase iron mononitride (FeN) thin film deposited at an optimized substrate temperature (Ts) of 423 K. At this Ts, the FeN film exhibits a tetrahedral coordination between Fe and N atoms (ZnS-type structure with a lattice parameter of 4.28 Å). The structure of the FeN film was studied by combining x-ray diffraction with Fe and N K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy and conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements. Self-diffusion of Fe and N was measured using secondary ion mass spectroscopy depth profiling in trilayer structures: [FeN(50 nm)/57FeN(2 nm)/FeN(50 nm)] and [FeN(50 nm)/Fe15N(2 nm)/FeN(50 nm)] deposited on an amorphous quartz substrate using reactive magnetron sputtering. It was found that atomic self-diffusion is strongly associated with thermal stability. Before reaching the phase decomposition temperature, the self-diffusion of N was found to be slower than Fe. Upon phase decomposition, both Fe and N diffuse rapidly, and at this stage, the self-diffusion of N takes over Fe. Within the thermally stable state, slower N diffusion indicates that Fe–N bonds are stronger than Fe–Fe bonds in FeN. This behavior was predicted theoretically and has been evidenced in this work.
Slippery-sticky transition of interfacial fluid slip
Authors: Viscondi Thiago F. , Grigolo Adriano , Caldas Iberê L. , Meneghini Julio R.
Published: June 2021

The influence of temperature on interfacial fluid slip, as measured by molecular dynamics simulations of a Couette flow comprising a Lennard–Jones fluid and rigid crystalline walls, is examined as a function of the fluid–solid interaction strength. Two different types of thermal behavior are observed, namely, the slippery and sticky cases. The first is characterized by a steep and unlimited increase in the slip length at low temperatures, while the second presents a vanishing slip length in this regime. As the temperature increases in relation to a characteristic value, both cases converge to finite slip lengths. A recently proposed analytical model is found to well describe both thermal behaviors, also predicting the slippery-sticky transition that occurs at a critical value of the fluid–solid interaction parameter, for which, according to the model, fluid particles experience a smooth average energy landscape at the interface.
Refugee healthcare perceptions in regional northern Australia: transition through engagement, access, trust, privacy, the old, and the new
Authors: Au Michael , Preston Robyn , Ray Robin A. , Davis Meg
Published: June 2021

Current Australian Government policy aims to resettle refugees in regional Australia, but little is known about their primary and hospital healthcare experiences in these settings. By taking an interpretive approach to a narrative inquiry methodology, a qualitative study was performed to examine refugee perceptions of health care in a regional centre of northern Queensland, Australia. Purposive sampling and an interview guide were developed in partnership with the local refugee resettlement agency. Semi-structured interviews were performed with 14 refugees and involved interpreters. Transcripts were thematically organised into a story, validated by participants. Using QSR NVivo 12, all researchers analysed the transcripts. Themes were validated at a community event. Six themes were described: service issues, self-advocacy, knowledge and understanding that changes with time, interpreter issues, regional–metropolitan differentials, and the influence of the past on present behaviour. A conceptual framework involving engagement, access, trust and privacy, and the old versus the new, can be used to describe refugees’ experiences. Discrimination, transport, and reliance on family and peers may be experiences that are more prominent in regional Australia. Refugees require high-quality information-sharing practices, formal support systems, and better models of service delivery for interpreting support. Clinicians need to be culturally respectful with their interactions.
Loss of FCHSD1 leads to amelioration of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Kawasaki Takahiro , Sugihara Fuminori , Fukushima Kiyoharu , Matsuki Takanori , Nabeshima Hiroshi , Machida Tomohisa , Mitsui Yuichi , Fujimura Saki , Sagawa Rio , Gaheun Lee , Kuniyoshi Kanako , Tanaka Hiroki , Narazaki Masashi , Kumanogoh Atsushi , Akira Shizuo , Satoh Takashi
Published: June 2021

Significance

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD/emphysema) is a life-threatening disorder with high morbidity and mortality that is prevalent worldwide. It is characterized by destruction of the alveolar wall and a decline in lung function. However, few palliative therapies are currently available. We show that
FCH and double SH3 domains 1
(
Fchsd1
) knockout mice are protected against airspace enlargement induced by elastase. FCHSD1 deficiency enhanced nuclear translocation of
NRF2
and attenuated elastase-induced reduction in SIRT1 levels, which reduced inflammation and apoptosis of lung cells. These data indicate that FCHSD1 promotes the initiation phase of emphysema development and indicate potential therapeutic targets for COPD.