bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survival Analysis
Authors: Turiano Nicholas A.
Published: June 2015

Survival analysis is a class of longitudinal statistical methods used to study the occurrence and timing of events. Traditionally known for studying the onset and timing of death, today survival analysis is used to examine many important life events that are key aspects in adult development. Other names for it include hazard rate models, and event history analysis. From the onset of disease and disability to marital and employment transitions, the use of survival analysis has transformed the study of adult development. This entry will provide a brief history of survival analysis and the major methodological components necessary in applying this method to understand the factors associated with why and when life events happen in adulthood.
Older Women and Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Brownell Patricia
Published: June 2015

Older women victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) have received limited attention from researchers, service providers, and policy makers. This is beginning to change with population aging; by 2050 there will be an estimated 61 million women of 60 years of age and older in the United States. The US prevalence data on IPV in late life are conflicting, ranging from a low of 2.2% to a high of 26.5%. Older women victims of IPV often experience fears associated with verbal abuse, as well as physical and mental health problems (e.g., joint and digestive problems; depression). They also face barriers when seeking help because domestic violence services tend to target younger women of reproductive age and elder abuse services frequently focus on frail, cognitively impaired older adults. Interventions, such as support groups and shelter programs designed for older women victims of IPV, have been shown to be helpful but difficult to sustain.
Physical Health ofAfricanAmericans
Authors: Thorpe Roland J. , Szanton Sarah L. , Walker Janiece L. , Cary Michael P. , Hill LaBarron , Aiken Morgan Adrienne T. , Whitfield Keith E.
Published: June 2015

The United States is undergoing a demographic shift and the health profile of its citizens will largely reflect the health of minorities. African Americans represent the second largest minority group in the United States. This entry describes the health profile of African Americans using key health status indicators, discuss social determinants of health and how interventions might play a critical role in improving the health of African Americans, and conclude with recommendations.
Life Review and Life‐Story Work
Authors: Westerhof Gerben J.
Published: June 2015

Our memories can be a blessing and a curse.Life reviewrefers to a process that involves the recollection as well as the evaluation of positive and negative memories. Research from gerontological, cognitive, and personality psychology has shown that life review is related to mental health and well‐being.Life‐story workdescribes various interventions that use personal recollections of one's life to enhance mental health and well‐being. There is increasing evidence that life‐story work is an effective treatment, in particular for reducing depressive symptoms and promoting well‐being of older adults.
Emotional Memory
Authors: Mather Mara
Published: June 2015

Many of our most vivid memories are of emotional moments. Emotion helps to shape what we remember and what we forget throughout life. Arousal enhances memory for high priority or salient information for older adults as well as for younger adults. In contrast, valence shapes memory differently for older and younger adults, as older adults are more likely to remember in ways that optimize current emotional well‐being by focusing on events that support positive emotion while avoiding those that spark negative emotion.
Psychotherapy and Behavioral Health Interventions for Older Adults
Authors: Steffen Ann M. , MacDougall Megan
Published: June 2015

The science and practice of evidence‐based psychotherapy and related mental health interventions for diverse older adults are vital parts of healthcare. These interventions can have far‐reaching effects on individuals, families, and society. This entry provides a broad overview of psychological treatments for aging individuals as among the more intensive of behavioral health interventions offered by health service psychologists and other providers. Grounded in evolving biopsychosocial conceptualizations of mental and physical health in older adults, empirical support continues to build for specific forms of individual, group, couples', and family psychosocial interventions. The field urgently needs stepped‐care approaches that prescribe psychotherapy within a continuum of interventions for geriatric mental and physical health concerns. Developments in social psychology and behavioral neuroscience along with technological advances all shape current treatment conceptualization, efficacy and effectiveness research, dissemination practices, and opportunities for professional growth in this area.
Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Schwartz Seth J. , Tanner Jennifer L. , Syed Moin
Published: June 2015

This entry reviews Arnett's theory of emerging adulthood, as well as a number of competing perspectives on the transition to adulthood. Arnett's perspective is largely optimistic and focused on the psychological experiences of the individual young person, whereas many of the other perspectives are more pessimistic and focus on the shortage of opportunities—and on the potential for “getting stuck” in the transition to adulthood. This entry proposes an integration and middle ground between Arnett's view and other perspectives on the transition to adulthood. The roots of the emerging‐adult age period in social and economic changes, and the changes in workforce entry and relationship formation that have accompanied the extended transition to adulthood, are also reviewed.
Person‐Specific Analysis
Authors: Schmiedek Florian , Dirk Judith
Published: June 2015

Person‐specific analysis treats the individual as the primary unit of investigation and aims to describe individual behavior and its development in a comprehensive way. Person‐specific analysis is most powerful when within‐person processes are investigated—that is, when individuals are observed repeatedly over enough occasions to allow for modeling the process dynamics for each individual. Based on such analyses, general laws, which apply similarly for all persons, can be identified. At the same time, individual differences in the way persons function can be detected and contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms that underlie behavior and its development.
Death Ethos
Authors: Friedman James
Published: June 2015

Death and dying are universal experiences. All living things eventually die. How we humans feel, behave, and emote about death and dying can be considered the
death ethos
and may vary in some respects and remain uniform in others. Learning about and reflecting upon the death ethos of our societies and cultures can provide insights into who we are as individuals and as a community. Death ethos is both innate and influenced. As humans we share similar bases in thought and knowledge that we both live and die. We contemplate meaning of our own living and dying. These predilections are influenced by our environment, society, culture, community and the passage of time as well as our own values and beliefs. Few theories and conceptualizations offer explanations for or reflect upon death ethos. Further exploration and study of this topic offers greater opportunity to understand ourselves and to shape our communities into foundations of compassion and support across the lifespan.
Video‐Game Training
Authors: McLaughlin Anne Collins , Feng Jing , Whitlock Laura A.
Published: June 2015

Video‐game training generally refers to games designed to improve specific skills, knowledge, and fluid abilities such as executive function and spatial ability. Fluid abilities are important for daily activities but are susceptible to significant age‐related decline. As a result, there has been great interest in harnessing video games to ameliorate or reverse these age‐related changes. This entry provides a brief overview of the intellectual and social context, theories of the potential mechanisms, the evolution of video‐game training with major findings, and the applications of video‐game training in cognitive and physical rehabilitation for older persons.
Authorship and Stylistics
Authors: Hoover David L.
Published: June 2015

Authorship attribution and stylistics both study the distinctive ways authors write, and, because both authorship and style are chiefly expressed through language, both may be considered subfields of applied linguistics. It is important to acknowledge, however, that neither authorship nor style can be reduced entirely to linguistics.
Code‐Switching Pragmatics
Authors: Tseng Amelia , Cashman Holly R.
Published: June 2015

Code switchingdescribes, essentially, bi‐ and multilingual speakers' use of more than one language or language variety within a single interaction or conversational turn. It is important to highlight that the term code switching is also used for bi‐ and multidialectal speakers' switching between language varieties, such as African American English or World Englishes and so‐called standard varieties.Pragmatics, according to Yule's definition, “is concerned with the study of meaning as communicated by a speaker (or writer) and interpreted by a listener (or reader). It has, consequently, more to do with the analysis of what people mean by their utterances than what the words or phrases in those utterances might mean by themselves.”
Complementation
Authors: Egan Thomas
Published: June 2015

By “complementation” is meant the process by which a linguistic item is added to another item which would be syntactically and semantically incomplete without this addition. Complementation is to be distinguished from “modification”, which describes the addition of a non‐compulsory item to another item, the meaning of which it nuances in some way or another.
Linguicism
Authors: Skutnabb‐Kangas Tove
Published: June 2015

Most education systems worldwide for Indigenous/tribal peoples, autochthonous, immigrant and refugee minorities, and minoritized groups involve linguicism. Many people recognize spontaneously the concept and the phenomena it identifies as soon as they hear the label. This entry will try to elaborate the concept somewhat more than in the definition.
Miscommunication and Misunderstandings
Authors: Tzanne Angeliki
Published: June 2015

People usually take successful communication for granted and do not seem to realize that in our everyday encounters communication breaks down more often than we can imagine. In fact, interactants misunderstand each other very frequently in social encounters and misunderstandings can happen not only between people with different languages or cultures, but also between people with a common linguistic and cultural background. Misunderstandings arising in social interaction block the channel of communication, but, most importantly, affect interpersonal relations and may have consequences on people's lives that range from trivial to very serious.
Political Discourse and World Englishes
Authors: Bolton Kingsley , Alvaro Joseph James
Published: June 2015

Over the last three decades or so, there has been a major paradigm shift in academic and linguistic approaches to the study of English worldwide. From the 1980s onwards, there has been increased recognition that the majority of people speaking English in the world today are to be found in multilingual societies worldwide, a growing consensus that English language is no longer the possession of such “native speaker” countries as Britain, the United States, and the increasing recognition of World Englishes.
Pragmatics and Discourse Analysis
Authors: Cruz Manuel Padilla
Published: June 2015

Pragmatics is a well‐established discipline in its own right and goes well beyond semantics insofar as its scope is not limited to the study of the encoded meaning of words, phrases, or sentences in a vacuum. Rather, pragmatics considers a plethora of factors such as the interlocutors' identities (their gender, age, hierarchical status, social distance, profession, membership to a community of practice or ethnic group, geographical provenance, etc.), the situational context where they interact (a professional meeting, service encounter, party, etc.), the information interlocutors rely on (beliefs and knowledge about others, habits, interaction, rights, obligations, etc.), their goals and purposes when interacting and their social, affective, or both social and affective relationship.
Pragmatics of Political Discourse
Authors: Arroyo José Luis Blas
Published: June 2015

Political language is not in essence any different from other manifestations of language and therefore its specificity must be sought instead in the particular relationships that are established between the discourse itself and the extralinguistic context. It is there, within that framework of specific historical, economic, and social coordinates, where the forms of political language appear in a more extreme way than in other textual genres and where the relationships between the explicit and implicit meanings become especially relevant.
Pragmatics Versus Semantics
Authors: Hall Alison
Published: June 2015

The distinction between semantics and pragmatics has proved notoriously difficult to agree on. Most people would accept that pragmatics is concerned with context‐specific, inferred meanings, whereas semantics is concerned with the conventional meanings of words and sentences. Semantics is, however, traditionally seen as the study of truth conditions, with pragmatics being “meaning minus truth conditions.” The tension between these two requirements on semantics—that it be truth‐conditional and conventional—has been the source of much confusion and debate.
Relational Strategies in World Englishes
Authors: Stadler Stefanie
Published: June 2015

It has been firmly established that English no longer “belongs” merely to native. As one of the lingua francas growing fastest in both spread and importance, English now has a larger population using it as a second or third+ language than native speakers. With English already having a diverse range of native users (such as Commonwealth countries, including countries as diverse and dispersed as India, Cyprus, South Africa, New Zealand, Malaysia, Jamaica, Canada, and a large variety of other countries spanning the entire globe), even English among native users is far from homogenous and unified.
Task‐Based Language Teaching
Authors: Bygate Martin , Norris John , van den Branden Kris
Published: June 2015

Task‐based language teaching (TBLT) is an approach to pedagogy in which communication tasks are fundamental to language learning. In TBLT, the notion of
task
indicates language‐learning activities in which students are required to use language with a primary focus on meaning, in order to achieve some communicative outcome. They range in scope from brief spoken exchanges to extended written performances to integrated, multimodal language use in face‐to‐face or virtual environments.
Language Proficiency Testing for Teachers
Authors: Burke Brigid Moira
Published: June 2015

In the last two decades, language proficiency testing has been used in many countries such as Australia, China, and the
USA
to make decisions about the language teaching competence of elementary and secondary world language teachers. World language educators teach languages other than their students' and often their own first language. In Australia, China, and the
USA
, teacher candidates' language teaching competence, which consists of their language proficiency and pedagogical knowledge, has been assessed, but relevant degrees and training have been acceptable for employment. The common goal of researchers, teacher‐educators, councils, and commissions of education seems to be to mentor and produce the most effective world language teachers.
Electrochemically Nanostructured Polyvinylferrocene/Polypyrrole Hybrids with Synergy for Energy Storage
Authors: Tian Wenda , Mao Xianwen , Brown Paul , Rutledge Gregory C. , Hatton T. Alan
Published: June 2015

Unconjugated redox polymers, such as polyvinylferrocene (PVF), have rarely been used for energy storage due to their low intrinsic conductivity. Conducting polymers with conjugated backbones, though conductive, may suffer from insufficient exposure to the electrolyte due to the often formed nonporous structures. The present work overcomes this limitation via simultaneous electropolymerization of pyrrole and electroprecipitation of PVF on electrode surfaces. This synthesis method relies on the π–π stacking interactions between the aromatic pyrrole monomers and the metallocene moieties of PVF. This fabrication process results in a highly porous polymer film, which enhances the ion accessibility to polypyrrole (PPy). PPy serves as a “molecular wire,” improving the electronic conductivity of the hybrid and the utilization efficiency of ferrocene. The PVF/PPy hybrid exhibited a specific capacitance of 514.1 F g−1
, which significantly exceeds those of PPy (27.3 F g−1) and PVF (79.0 F g−1), respectively. This approach offers an alternative to nanocarbon materials for improving the electronic conductivity of polymer hybrids, and suggests a new strategy for fabricating nanostructured polymer hybrids. This strategy can potentially be applied to various polymers with π‐conjugated backbones and redox polymers with metallocene moieties for applications such as energy storage, sensing, and catalysis.
Myelodysplastic syndromes in South America: A multinational study of 1080 patients
Authors: Belli Carolina B. , Pinheiro Ronald Feitosa , Bestach Yesica , Larripa Irene B. , da Silva Tanizawa Roberta Sandra , Alfonso Graciela , Gonzalez Jacqueline , Rosenhain Mariana , Watman Nora , Cavalcante de Andrade Silva Marcela , Negri Aranguren Pedro , García Rivello Hernán , Magalhaes Silvia M.M. , Valladares Ximena , Undurraga María S. , Velloso Elvira R.P.
Published: June 2015

There are previously reported data describing differences between Asian and European patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS), few direct comparisons based on cancer registration characteristics or using cohorts to validate scoring systems. This is the first study from South‐America, which attempts to describe demographic, clinical features, and outcome of MDS patients. We retrospectively analyzed 1,080 patients with de novo MDS from Argentina (635), Brazil (345), and Chile (100). Chilean patients were younger (P = 0.001) with female preponderance (P = 0.071). Brazilian series showed a higher predominance of RARS subtype regarding FAB and WHO classifications (P < 0.001). Hemoglobin levels were significantly lower in Brazilian and Chilean series (P < 0.001), and Chilean series also showed a lower platelet count (P = 0.028), with no differences concerning the neutrophil count, % BM blast, and the distribution of cytogenetic risk groups (P > 0.05). Chilean series depicted a lower overall survival (OS; 35 months vs. 56 months‐Argentine; 55 months‐Brazil, P = 0.030), which was consistent with a higher predominance of the high‐risk group according both to the IPSS and IPSS‐R (P = 0.046 and P < 0.001). The IPSS‐R system and its variables showed a good reproducibility to predict clinical outcome for the whole South‐American population. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics, distribution among prognostic subgroups, the OS, and the access to disease modifying therapies were more similar between Argentinean and Brazilian compared with Chilean MDS series. This will need further analysis in a larger group of patients. Descriptive and comparative studies are necessary to establish epidemiological features useful for public health attitudes to generate suitable therapeutic schemes. Am. J. Hematol. 90:851–858, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Engaging Feelings in the Body in Systemic Family Therapy
Authors: Jude Julia
Published: June 2015

A feeling in the body approach invites a way of knowing that includes the body, which can contribute to a quality of noticing often not visible in our talk. We often rely on descriptions of emotion to convey our feelings. However the use of words like sad, angry, depressed or happy does not show the affects of emotion. And even when we try to touch on feelings in the body, one is often hard pressed to see what it looks like. If we are to give bodily perspective a platform alongside dialogue we must use the language of the body in descriptions of our world and the world of others and include sensorial ways of understanding. The paper does not focus on one particular sense but explores how the systemic might interact with the senses from which emerge bodily feelings.
Exploring Cultural Issues for Constellation Work in South Africa
Authors: Mayer Claude‐Hélène , Viviers Rian
Published: June 2015

Constellation work is a therapeutic and counselling intervention recognised in Germany and other European countries since the 1970s. Various scientists and practitioners have contributed to its theoretical and practical development, and research on the subject has increased over the past few years. However culture in constellation work has received little research attention and has not been empirically studied in African contexts. The aim of this article is to reflect on culture and its influence on constellation work in multicultural, post‐apartheid South Africa. An empirical qualitative research approach within the phenomenological paradigm was adopted. Six constellation facilitators were interviewed with in‐depth and field notes taken during participative observations of constellation workshops. The findings provide insight into culture in constellation work in the South African context. Theoretical and practical recommendations for scientists and therapy practitioners working with systemic interventions like constellation work are provided.
Systemic Consultation in Intellectual Disability Case Management
Authors: Fennessy Kate , Rhodes Paul , Wilson Val , Uddin Shahadat , Dickens Kimberly , Wilson Amanda , Bless Ric , Ellery Andrew , Errol Vinny , Ogilvy Lisa
Published: June 2015

Systemic consultation is a form of tertiary case supervision derived from the principles of systemic family therapy. The present study defines the process and outcomes of systemic consultation through the experiences of case managers (CMs) working with people who have an intellectual disability. CMs were invited to present and discuss one of their complex cases with a team of consultants and attend a follow up session 4 to 6 weeks later. Measures of levels of stress, perception of workplace functioning, and workflow information were completed pre and post‐intervention and compared to measures completed by a second group of CMs receiving regular supervision only. After participation in systemic consultation, the networks of people CMs consulted about the case were significantly smaller and they scored significantly higher on a network measure of efficiency of information flow. The CMs experienced lower levels of stress and higher perception of workplace functioning, these differences approached significance. After attending the consultation outcome, themes included a reduced sense of being stuck and stressed, becoming an agent of change and taking perspective. The approach allows CMs space for reflection on practice and new perspectives to be heard. Case management has been under‐represented in documented research and evidence‐based training and supervision models, and is an area in which professional theory appears to be lacking.
Establishing a Parenting Program for Fathers in Substance Abuse Treatment
Authors: Torres Marianne , Sng Rebecca , Deane Frank P.
Published: June 2015

This paper describes a systemic, trauma and attachment model for a parenting program for fathers in residential substance abuse treatment. It emphasises the complex nature of delivering parenting programs in this context and the importance of going beyond simple linear principles of reward and punishment, upon which many other parenting programs are predicated.
Rearranging the Puzzle: Working Systemically with Stepfamilies when Parents Re‐partner
Authors: Wood Sarah J.
Published: June 2015

This paper develops a systemically informed tool‐kit of therapeutic ideas for working with stepfamilies. First, systemic thinking is applied to the stepfamily context, and compared to traditional stepfamily lenses. Second, an integrative frame is used to incorporate a range of systemic therapeutic practices, to match four specific stepfamily issues. These practices are demonstrated through a fictional clinical vignette weaved throughout the paper. Finally, the challenge of being flexible in integrating theory is discussed.
The role of information in health behavior: A scoping study and discussion of major public health models
Authors: Greyson Devon L. , Johnson Joy L.
Published: June 2015

Information interventions that influence health behavior are a major element of the public health toolkit and an area of potential interest and investigation for library and information science (LIS) researchers. To explore the use of information as a concept within dominant public health behavior models and the manner in which information practices are handled therein, we undertook a scoping study. We scoped the use of “information” within core English‐language health behavior textbooks and examined dominant models of health behavior for information practices. Index terms within these texts indicated a lack of common language around information‐related concepts. Nine models/theories were discussed in a majority of the texts. These were grouped by model type and examined for information‐related concepts/constructs. Information was framed as a “thing” or resource, and information practices were commonly included or implied. However, lack of specificity regarding the definition of information, how it differs from knowledge, and how context affects information practices make the exact role of information within health behavior models unclear. Although health information interventions may be grounded in behavioral theory, a limited understanding of the ways information works within people's lives hinders our ability to effectively use information to improve health. By the same token, information scientists should explore public health's interventionist approach.
American Psychiatric Association: Position Statement on Firearm Access, Acts of Violence and the Relationship to Mental Illness and Mental Health Services
Authors: Pinals Debra A. , Appelbaum Paul S. , Bonnie Richard , Fisher Carl E. , Gold Liza H. , Lee Li‐Wen
Published: June 2015

The American Psychiatric Association, (“APA”), with more than 36,000 members at present, is the Nation's leading organization of physicians who specialize in psychiatry. APA provides for education and advocacy and develops policy through Position Statements. It promotes enhanced knowledge of particular topics relevant to psychiatric practice and patient care through Resource Documents. Since 1993, the APA has developed various positions and resource materials related to firearms and mental illness, incorporating evolving themes as new issues emerge. This paper reflects the APA's 2014 Position Statement on Firearm Access, Acts of Violence and the Relationship to Mental Illness and Mental Health Services.
Resource Document on Access to Firearms by People with Mental Disorders
Authors: Pinals Debra A. , Appelbaum Paul S. , Bonnie Richard J. , Fisher Carl E. , Gold Liza H. , Lee Li‐Wen
Published: June 2015

The American Psychiatric Association, (“APA”), with more than 36,000 members at present, is the Nation's leading organization of physicians who specialize in psychiatry. APA provides for education and advocacy and develops policy through Position Statements. It promotes enhanced knowledge of particular topics relevant to psychiatric practice and patient care through Resource Documents. Since 1993, the APA has developed various positions and resource materials related to firearms and mental illness, incorporating evolving themes as new issues emerge. This paper reflects the APA's 2014 Resource Document on “Access to Firearms by People with Mental Disorders.” This article is derived from work done on behalf of American Psychiatric Association and remains the property of APA. It has been altered only in response to the requirements of peer review. Copyright © 2015 American Psychiatric Association. Published with permission (original adopted by the American Psychiatric Association 2014).
Ensure DI head coaches follow 5 key steps when facing violation allegations
Authors: Sievert Justin P. , Fleischer David O.
Published: June 2015

Division I head coaches are presumed responsible for the actions of all assistant coaches, administrators and staff reporting directly or indirectly to the head coach, according to the National Collegiate Athletic Association Bylaw 11.1.2.1.
Take steps to limit liability at sports camps affiliated with your institution
Authors: Wilson Mark
Published: June 2015

Children's physical safety ranks as one of the top concerns among parents who send their children to sports camps run by colleges. In a perfect world, every sports camp director could guarantee that no child would be injured during camp.
Review new OCR guidance reinforcing key role of Title IX coordinators
Authors: O'Brien Timothy
Published: June 2015

The most egregious Title IX violations seem to occur at colleges and universities that fail to designate a Title IX coordinator or neglect to provide the appropriate level of authority to the person serving in that position. That's according to the “Dear Colleague Letter” released on April 24, 2015, by the Office for Civil Rights.
Follow the ABCs to effective leadership of your unit
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: June 2015

As the leader of your athletics department, it's imperative that your staff members see you as such. But being seen as a true leader is about more than simply having the right title. It's also about how you conduct yourself.
Model healthy balance between personal, professional success
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: June 2015

KEVIN BUISMAN, DIRECTOR OF ATHLETICS, MINNESOTA STATE UNIVERSITY
Did a coach's claim survive summary judgment?
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: June 2015

The National Collegiate Athletic Association's Mid‐American Conference issued a report detailing 18 allegations of misconduct against the men's basketball program at the State University of New York, Buffalo, in November 1999. A few days later, SUNY Buffalo presented Timothy Cohane — its basketball coach — with a copy of the report.
Don't risk overlooking health education, awareness: Part 2
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: June 2015

DOUG EVERHART, DIRECTOR OF HEALTH EDUCATION CENTER, UC IRVINE
Is the left main just another artery to FFR?
Authors: Seto Arnold H. , Kern Morton J.
Published: June 2015

Key Points

This meta‐analysis includes all prospective FFR studies of the left main artery with outcomes.

Patients who had deferral of revascularization in FFR‐negative stenoses had no difference in cardiovascular events compared with patients who underwent revascularization.

FFR‐guided revascularization of left main stenosis is safe and effective.
Transulnar angiography and intervention: The next frontier in vascular access?
Authors: Majithia Arjun , Levy Michael S.
Published: June 2015

Key Points

This study demonstrates that in a single center, single operator experience, ulnar artery catheterization is feasible, though even compared to radial access, a significant learning curve remains.

Although ulnar access is a reasonable alternative approach to catheterization, the true benefits of ulnar access, compared to radial are unclear.

Further large randomized multicenter, multi‐operator trials are needed to assess the true feasibility and benefit of ulnar artery catheterization.
Intraprocedural thrombotic events: What's the real cost?
Authors: Lipinski Michael J. , Satler Lowell F.
Published: June 2015

Key Points

Intraprocedural thrombotic events (IPTE) during PCI occur in 4% of patients with NSTEACS and 12% of STEACS.

IPTE increases hospital cost by $3,592. With an incidence of 4%, additional therapy to completely prevent IPTE in 100 patients would need to cost $144 to make it cost neutral.

Further studies are necessary to determine cost‐benefit of therapies to prevent IPTE such as cangrelor or newer P2Y12 inhibitors with more rapid onset.
Predicting paravalvular leak after balloon‐expandable TAVR
Authors: Krishnaswamy Amar , Tuzcu E. Murat
Published: June 2015

Key Points

Objective measurement of a Valve Calcification Index (calcium volume/BSA) may predict PVL after TAVR using a cutoff value > 418 mm3/mm2

Oversizing the balloon‐expandable SAPIEN valve with a goal ratio of valve diameter: average annulus diameter > 1.055 may reduce PVL after TAVR

Single parameters are unlikely to provide adequate sensitivity to reduce PVL; a thorough analysis of root sizing, calcification, and morphology is important to balloon‐expandable TAVR safety and efficacy
A call for long‐term data in clinical studies of infrainguinal peripheral arterial revascularization: The DURABILITY II Study delivers
Authors: Gupta Kamal , Prasad Anand
Published: June 2015

Key Points

The DURABILITY II study provides outcomes in 220 patients treated with nitinol self‐expanding stent placement for femoro‐popliteal disease out to three years.

In this core lab adjudicated study, the EverFlex™ (Covidien, Plymouth, MN) self‐expanding stents had a low stent fracture rate (0.9%). The study demonstrated a freedom from clinically driven target lesion revascularization (TLR) of nearly 70% at 3 years.

Based on this study, primary angioplasty and stenting of these lesions is a reasonable strategy though results are better with lesions less than 8 cm compared to those greater than 8 cm.

Further research is need comparing this strategy to use of drug‐coated stents and that of atherectomy with drug eluting balloons and with longer term follow‐up.
Unprecedented Comonomer Dependence of the Stereochemistry Control in Pd‐Catalyzed CO/Vinyl Arene Polyketone Synthesis
Authors: Canil Giovanni , Rosar Vera , Dalla Marta Silvia , Bronco Simona , Fini Francesco , Carfagna Carla , Durand Jérôme , Milani Barbara
Published: June 2015

Two pyrene‐tagged iminopyridines (NN′) were used to synthesize neutral and monocationic, palladium(II) complexes, [Pd(Me)Cl(NN′)] and [Pd(Me)(MeCN)(NN′)][PF6]. The monocationic complexes generated active catalysts in the CO/vinyl arene copolymerization, leading to polyketones with yields and molecular weight strongly dependent on N‐N′, with the ketimine catalysts one order of magnitude more productive than the aldimine counterpart. The stereochemistry of polyketones synthesized with the aldimine catalyst was found to be dependent on the vinyl comonomer: prevailingly syndiotactic copolymers were obtained for styrene, prevailingly isotactic copolymers were produced for 4‐methyl styrene, and atactic macromolecules were formed for 4‐tert‐butyl styrene. The statistical analysis demonstrated that the control of the stereochemistry switched from enantioselective site control for 4‐methyl styrene to a combination of chain‐end and enantioselective site control for styrene.
Transition Metal (Fe, Co and Ni) Carbide and Nitride Nanomaterials: Structure, Chemical Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Yang Wenlong , Rehman Sarish , Chu Xin , Hou Yanglong , Gao Song
Published: June 2015

Nanostructured transition metal (Fe, Co and Ni) carbides and nitrides have attracted much attention due to their active properties in various areas such as nanomagnetism, biomedicine, electrocatalysis, and environmental applications. Generally, the intrinsically harsh characteristics of carbides and nitrides make their synthetic protocols difficult, especially at the nanoscale, but usually come with improved performance in specific applications. In this Focus Review, we give an overview of iron, cobalt, and nickel carbide and nitride nanostructures with a focus on the interactions between the electronic and magnetic structures and their relation to the crystallographic structure. We also discuss both traditional and de novo synthetic strategies, and their applications in various areas from biomedicine to environmental applications.
Designing sound insulation in multi‐storey residential dwellings in accordance with E DIN 4109‐2 / Schallschutzplanung im Geschosswohnungsbau nach E DIN 4109‐2
Authors: Schäfers Martin , Grethe Wiebke
Published: June 2015

The method for calculating airborne sound insulation between apartments as specified in DIN EN 12354‐1:2000 has been used for many years – and is increasingly being used – in architectural design. This article will give a short overview of the basic principles of this calculation method, highlighting some special aspects, and will then focus on its application in practice. In particular, the experience gained with the KS Schallschutzrechner software (calculator for the prediction of sound insulation between dwellings and terraced houses ), which has now been in use for twelve years, demonstrates that – in spite of the improved prognostic accuracy – the method is not more labour‐intensive than that of the previous procedure specified in DIN 4109 Supplement 1, provided suitable design aids are used.
Effect of Multipor interior insulation on flanking sound transmission / Einfluss einer Innendämmung aus Multipor auf die flankierende Schallübertragung
Authors: Naumann Kai
Published: June 2015

In order to improve the energy efficiency of an existing building, it is necessary, among other things, to improve the thermal insulation provided by that building’s external walls. If the additional insulation required for this cannot be fitted on the outside, then it will need to be applied on the inside instead. To avoid the need for complex designs, insulating materials with a considerably reduced susceptibility to damage should be used, for example the mineral insulation panel Multipor.

Xella Technologie‐ und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH has conducted a study in cooperation with Xella Deutschland GmbH to determine whether, and if so, how, Multipor affects structure‐borne sound transmission when used as interior insulation. The study, the results of which are presented in this article, involved testing flanking sound transmission in a laboratory at the Hochschule für Technik (HFT) in Stuttgart, Germany.
Performance labels for assessing the sustainability of buildings – from offices to detached and semi‐detached houses / Gütesiegel für die Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung von Gebäuden – Vom Bürobau bis zu Ein‐ bis Zweifamilienwohnhäusern
Authors: Eßig Natalie
Published: June 2015

For some time now, certain types of buildings in Germany have been required to undergo a sustainability assessment. Increasingly, that now also includes residential buildings. A research project is currently underway to develop and test suitable criteria for the assessment of small residential buildings, the preliminary results of which were showcased at the BAU 2015 trade fair in Munich. With the help of examples, this article presents the criteria and provides some information on their application.
Design of masonry buildings of three‐layered units according to Eurocode 6 / Bemessung von Mauerwerksbauten aus Dreischichtsteinen nach Eurocode 6
Authors: Loderer Franz
Published: June 2015

In the recent past, the masonry industry has developed many different solutions for optimising the heat protection of buildings. This took place for the building materials, geometric design, but also by development of multiple layered stones in which the components masonry unit, insulation and outer shell have been integrated into a block.
Arching effect in case of exterior walls with low surcharge under wind action / Ausbildung der Bogentragwirkung bei Außenwänden mit geringer Auflast unter Windbeanspruchung
Authors: Jäger Wolfram , Bakeer Tammam
Published: June 2015

It is very important to have a minimum surcharge on external masonry walls to help the wall resisting wind actions. The present contribution describes the behaviour of masonry wall under wind action with low surcharge. The behaviour has been investigated using a finite element non‐linear model that considers the large displacement non‐linearity. An increasingly wind load has been applied and the deformation state and the thrust line within the wall have been investigated. The results of the analysis show that the behaviour of the wall under low surcharge was greatly characterized by the arching effect. Due to the low surcharge the influence of the second order effect was very small and can be neglected.
Veneer walls of masonry as specified in EC 6 (DIN EN 1996‐2/NA) / Zweischaliges Mauerwerk nach EC 6 (DIN EN 1996‐2/NA)
Authors: Altaha Nasser
Published: June 2015

This article deals with the production of veneer walls as specified in DIN EN 1996‐2/NA [3]. Against this background of the extensive revision of the section for veneer walls an exposition in accordance with the previous requirements as specified in DIN 1053‐1 can hardly be recommended. The necessity for a basic revision of the section for veneer wall construction has already been discussed in detail and justified in several technical articles published in previous years, see [4] to [7].

With many changes and corrections in the section for veneer walls in the National Annex of DIN EN 1996‐2 [8] it is certainly not a question of new rules for this method of building, but an adjustment of the requirements in the previous standard on the basis of the practical experience gained over several years. The new requirements for the execution of cavity facing masonry enable a simple and economic implementation of this external wall construction.
National Standards of the People’s Republic of China – Thoughts of revision on technical specification for application of autoclaved aerated concrete / Nationale Standards der Volksrepublik China – Gedanken zur Überarbeitung der technischen Spezifikationen für die Anwendung von dampfgehärtetem Porenbeton
Authors: GAO Lianyu , ZHANG Jingjie , XU Chunyi
Published: June 2015

The revision task on technical specification for application of autoclaved aerated concrete products JGJ/T17 is under way, which was assigned in November 2013.The framework, thoughts and contents of revision on the specification are presented in this paper.
Fast Line Detection by Hough Transform Using Inter‐Image Operations
Authors: MURAKAMI KENJI , ABOSHI MAKOTO , KINOSHITA KOJI , ISSHIKI MASAHARU
Published: June 2015

In image analysis, it is important to detect lines (straight lines) that represent the edges of an object in the image. The most popular technique for line detection is the Hough transform. In this transform, peaks resulting in the accumulator array that are obtained through a voting procedure in the parameter space represent strong evidence that a corresponding line exists in the image. In the voting procedure, large numbers of votes that are far from the peaks are unnecessary and reduce the speed of the transform. In this paper, we propose a method to speed up this process by introducing a procedure in image space that removes lines except for limited directions. This procedure makes it possible to reduce the voting range and to remove unnecessary votes. Experimental results confirm that the proposed method performs effectively.
Investigation of Price Variation Limits, Short Selling Regulation, and Uptick Rules and Their Optimal Design by Artificial Market Simulations
Authors: MIZUTA TAKANOBU , IZUMI KIYOSHI , YAGI ISAO , YOSHIMURA SHINOBU
Published: June 2015

We built an artificial market model and compared the effects of price variation limits, short sell regulations, and uptick rules. When there were no regulations, the price fell below the fundamental value when economic bubble collapses occurred. When there were regulations, this overshoot did not occur and the market was more effective. However, the short sell regulations and uptick rules caused the trading prices to be higher than the base value. To summarize these points, the price variation limits have the potential to make the market more effective. We also surveyed an adequate limitation price range and an adequate limitation time span for the price variation limit and found conditions for the parameters for the price variation limit that prevent such overshoots.
Multi‐Agent‐Based Simulation of Knowledge Propagation in Organizations
Authors: HASHIMOTO GAKU , FUJIWARA TAKANORI , SUZUKI MASAAKI , OKUDA HIROSHI , ISE JUNJI , SHIOYA MASANORI
Published: June 2015

In this paper, we propose an agent model based on Nonaka's SECI model for encouraging the propagation of knowledge in organizations. In this model, the complexity of knowledge is expressed as a bit tag, and worker agents and knowledge manager agents are introduced. Parametric studies are performed on the bit tag length and on the internalization rates and communication patterns of the worker agents. We evaluate the acquisition of knowledge in order to verify the present simulation model. Furthermore, a scenario simulation is implemented with respect to employment periods for worker agents and the effectiveness of the multi‐agent model is shown by means of a qualitative evaluation of knowledge variations corresponding to joining and leaving an organization.
Method of Time‐Delay Compensation in Multi‐Degree‐of‐Freedom Bilateral Control Systems with Different Configurations
Authors: OHNO YOSHIKI , SHIMAMOTO KEITA , MIZOGUCHI TAKAHIRO , OHNISHI KOUHEI
Published: June 2015

In this paper, a time‐delay compensation method based on a work space communication disturbance observer (WCDOB) is proposed. Time delay degrades the stability of a control system. A communication disturbance observer (CDOB) has been proposed to solve this problem. However, CDOB cannot compensate for time delay in multi‐degree‐of‐freedom bilateral control systems with different configurations, because the inertia of the robots is not fixed. In contrast, WCDOB can estimate the time delay based on work space information and compensate for them. The experimental results confirm the validity of the proposed method.
An L1‐Approximation for the Design of FIR Digital Filters with Complex Coefficients
Authors: MURAKAMI IKUYA , MORI YUKIO , AIKAWA NAOYUKI
Published: June 2015

In this paper, we propose an L1‐approximation for the design of FIR digital filters with complex coefficients. The L1‐approximation has the advantage of having a flatter passband and a small overshoot around the discontinuity point as compared with the L2‐approximation and ‐approximation. As the obtained filter has complex coefficients, it is possible to reduce group delay and to design a digital filter with a asymmetric amplitude characteristic with respect to the origin. The algorithm proposed in this paper is based on Newton's method, which is an efficient iterative approximation algorithm. We show the effectiveness of the proposed method through a design example.
Upgradation of Ultralow‐Gradation Images by Using Spatial Features
Authors: KATO TETSUYA , SAITOH FUMIHIKO
Published: June 2015

This paper proposes a method that obtains high‐tone images from ultra‐low‐tone image by using spatial features. Areas are smoothed when the adjacent tone value of the area of interest is continuous, but areas are saved as edges when the adjacent tone value of the area of interest is discontinuous. Thus the area of interest can be classified into six patterns by area. Low‐gradation images are changed into high‐gradation images by processing with each pattern. Comparative experiments indicated that the proposed method was quantitatively and visually better than existing methods. The proposed method can change ultra‐low‐tone images into naturally high‐gradation images.