bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation, identification and quantification anthracene derivatives in the underground organs of Rumex crispus
Authors: Hajiyeva F. I. , Sokolova A. Yu. , Poluyanov A. M. , Besedina N. A. , Bobkova N. V.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. At the moment, only one is included in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation a representative of the Rumex genus is Rumex confertus Willd. Therefore, other representatives of this genus attracted our attention and Rumex criptus L. was studied in more detail. An important task is to determine the similarity of composition within the framework of expanding the raw material base.

Aim. Determination of the qualitative and quantitative content of anthraquinones in the roots of a representative of the genus Rumex (R. crispus).

Materials and methods. Alcohol extracts of underground organs were used as analyzed solutions R. crispus. Chromatographic separation and detection were carried out on a high-performance liquid chromatograph "Chromatek-Kristall HPLC 2014" (JSC SKB "Khromatek", Russia), equipped with a column thermostat, chromatographic column Grace HPLC Column Platinum C18-EPS, 250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm (Grace, USA). Quantitative determination was carried out on an SF-2000 spectrophotometer (LLC "OKB Spektr", Russia).

Results and discussion. In the work, the object of study was Rumex criptus L., which contains a large amount of biologically active substances. In the roots of Rumex criptus L., anthracene derivatives, such as emodin-8-glycoside, emodin, chrysophanic acid, were identified and quantified by HPLC-UV, and the total amount of anthracene derivatives was determined by spectrophotometry.

Conclusion. The total content of anthracene derivatives in the underground organs of R. crispus L. in the dying phase is 4.953 %. Using HPLC-UV, emodin was determined, the quantitative content of which was 0.198 %, and chrysophanol, with a content of 0.757 %.
Bir Hikâye Anlatıcılığı Biçimi Olarak Çizgi Filmlerin Güçlendirme Yaklaşımı ile Analizi
Authors: Soydemir Gökşen Sena , Akgül Gök Fulya
Published: October 2024

Hikâye anlatıcılığı, insanlık kadar eski bir anlatım geleneğidir ve teknolojik gelişmeler ile birlikte biçimsel değişikliklere uğramıştır. Çizgi filmlerin senaryolarından bağımsız düşünülemeyecek olması, onları bir hikâye anlatım biçimi olarak ele almayı mümkün kılmaktadır. Çizgi filmlerin verdikleri mesajlar çocukları çeşitli biçimlerde etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle çizgi filmleri güçlendirme yaklaşımı ile ele almak oldukça önemlidir. Bu bağlamda araştırmanın amacı çizgi filmlerdeki güç düzeylerinin ve türlerinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırmada amaçsal örneklem yoluyla belirlenen altı çizgi film, içerik analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda çizgi filmlerde en çok kişisel düzey güç ile özden gelen güç türüne ilişkin mesajların verildiği görülmüştür.
Hangisi Daha Zorlayıcı HIV ile Yaşamak Mı Yoksa İnsan Hakları İhlalleri Mi HIV ile Yaşayan Kişilerin Maruz Bırakıldıkları İnsan Hakları İhlallerine Sosyal Hizmet Perspektifiyle Bir Bakış
Authors: Akbaş Avşin , Buz Sema
Published: October 2024

HIV, ürettiği damgalama, ayrımcılık ve insan hakları ihlalleriyle sadece viral bir enfeksiyon olmadığını aynı zamanda biyopsikososyal bir sağlık problemi olduğunu, ortaya çıktığı günden bu yana yaklaşık 40 yıl içerisinde bizlere göstermiştir. HIV ile yaşayan kişiler bir yandan tıbbi tedaviyle uğraşırken diğer yandan HIV tanısının neden olduğu hak ihlalleri, ayrımcılık ve damgalanma ile mücadele etmek durumunda kalmaktadırlar ve bu nedenle daha zorlu bir süreci deneyimlemektedirler. Çalışma, Türkiye’de yayınlanmış olan HIV/AIDS alanına ilişkin hak ihlalleri raporları üzerinden sosyal hizmet perspektifi ile bir değerlendirme yapmak ve hak ihlallerine karşı çözüm yolları geliştirebilmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi metodu kullanılarak Türkiye’de HIV ile yaşayan kişiler tarafından kurulan ilk dernek olan Pozitif Yaşam Derneği’nin yayınlamış olduğu on dokuz rapor bu çalışma kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir. Raporlardan hak ihlallerinin sırasıyla en çok sağlık kuruluşları, işyerleri, kamu kurum ve kuruluşları, aile/sosyal çevre ve medyada gerçekleştiği ve çoklu hak ihlallerinin yaşandığı ve raporların yayınlandığı tarihlerden günümüze gelindikçe hak ihlallerine karşı daha fazla aksiyon alındığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma sosyal eşitsizlik ve adaletsizlikle mücadele eden sosyal hizmet uzmanlarının HIV enfeksiyonunun ürettiği hak ihlallerine karşı mikro, mezzo ve makro boyutlarda uygulamalar gerçekleştirmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır.
Sosyal Hizmette Sanat Terapisi: R Programı ile Bibliyometrik Analiz
Authors: Kulüp Büşra , Aysan Ümmügülsüm
Published: October 2024

Sanat terapisi; görsel sanatlar, müzik, yazı, drama ve dans gibi muhtelif yaratıcı süreçler aracılığıyla bireylerin, ailelerin ve toplulukların yaşamlarını iyileştirmeyi; nörolojik, zihinsel, bedensel veya davranışsal bozuklukların tedavisini desteklemeyi ve bireyin genel sağlığını teşvik etmeyi terapötik bir bağlam içinde amaçlayan çok disiplinli bir yaklaşımdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, teorik temelleri ve pratik uygulamalarıyla sosyal çalışma disiplini dahilinde yıllar içerisinde gelişen sanat terapisiyle ilgili genel bir çerçeve sunmaktır. Bu amaçla 14.02.2024 tarihine kadar Web of Science (WoS) veri tabanı, sanat terapisi ile ilgili belirli İngilizce anahtar sözcüklerle en eski tarihten itibaren taranmıştır. Dahil etme ve hariç tutma kriterlerine göre 148 makaleden 99 tanesinin örnekleme alınmasına karar verilmiş ve verilerin incelenmesi amacıyla R istatistiksel yazılımında yer alan Bibliometrix paket programı kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre sosyal hizmette sanat terapisi ile ilgili çalışmaların daha çok çocuklar ve geç yetişkinler üzerine yoğunlaştığı; travma sonrası stres bozukluğu ve kanser gibi hastalıkların ön plana çıktığı ve yaratıcılık, dayanıklılık ve empati gibi kavramların sıkça kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Araştırmalar ülke bazında incelendiğinde sosyal hizmette sanat terapisinin ağırlıklı olarak ABD’de çalışıldığı, İngiltere ve Kanada’nın ise onu takip ettiği görülmektedir. Elde edilen diğer bulgular sistematik literatür taraması içerisinde çeşitli görsel temsiller aracılığıyla desteklenmiş ve alanda çalışmayı planlayan potansiyel araştırmacılara kapsamlı bir çerçeve sunulması amaçlanmıştır.
Tekerrür Şiddet Suçlarında Hapishane Kültürü, Tehlikeli Birey Algısı ve Suçlu Kimliğin İnşası
Authors: Kordalı Takak Gizemnur
Published: October 2024

Araştırmanın amacı tekrarlayan biçimde şiddet suçu işlemiş kişilerin suç işlemiş olmayı nasıl deneyimlediklerini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda katılımcıların ceza-infaz sürecindeki ve salıverilme sonrasındaki deneyimleri sosyal inşacı yaklaşım çerçevesinde mercek altına alınarak suçta tekrarlılığın sosyal ilişkiler, zorluklar, başetme stratejileri ve kimliklenme süreçleri açısından anlamı anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Nitel desenle hazırlanmış olan araştırma kapsamında şiddet suçlarından tekrarlayan şekilde hüküm giymiş yetişkin erkeklerle derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Toplamda 14 katılımcı üzerinde yapılan değerlendirme sonuçlarına göre; uzun vadeli ve tekrarlayan suçlarda cezai yaptırımlar suçun normalleşmesine, şiddetin rutinleşmesine ve suçlu kimliğinin güçlenmesine aracılık etmektedir. Kurum içindeki ilişkiler mahkumların elde ettikleri statü ve güç üzerinden şekillenmekte bu da bireylerin tekrarlayan yaptırımlara karşı daha dirençli hale gelmelerine neden olmaktadır. Araştırma hapishane deneyiminin, bireylerin sosyal kimliğini etkilediğini ve suçlu damgasının salıverildikten sonra da devam ettiğini vurgulamakta, suç geçmişinin toplumsal entegrasyonu zorlaştırarak kişiyi tekrar suça yönlendirebilecek bir döngü oluşturduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
Prematuridade e assistência pré-natal na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS): Uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Lima Pedro Pinheiro Holanda , Lima Lucas Pinheiro Holanda , Luz Charles Vinicius Rodrigues da , Delgado Fávio Alexandro Andrade , Oliveira Kevin Thiago Medeiros de , Rezende Rebeca Cardoso de Oliveira , Santos Neto Claudio Rabelo dos
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre assistência pré-natal e a incidência de prematuridade, destacando a importância do acompanhamento de qualidade durante a gestação. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura com publicações científicas entre junho de 2019 e junho de 2024. Inicialmente, foram identificados 118 estudos, dos quais cinco foram selecionados com base em critérios de inclusão. Resultados e Discussão: Os resultados indicam que a prematuridade afeta aproximadamente 10% dos nascimentos no Brasil, com fatores de risco associados, como condição socioeconômica e partos prematuros prévios. Consultas pré-natais frequentes são um fator protetor. Conclusão: A assistência pré-natal de qualidade é crucial na prevenção de partos prematuros, com uma relação direta entre o número de consultas e a redução da prematuridade.
Computation of Novel Binomial Series using Geometric Series
Authors: Annamalai Chinnaraji
Published: October 2024

Nowadays, the growing complexity of mathematical and computational modelling demands the simplicity of mathematical equations for solving today’s scientific problems and challenges. In this paper, the author introduces a novel binomial series and its theorem for applications of computing science and technology. This computing technique can enable the researchers for further involvement in research and development.
Towards More Fluid Inclusion: Making Geoscience Undergraduate Degrees a Place of Belonging for All
Authors: Fox Bethany R. S. , Din Rukhsana R. , Davidson A. C. , Trowler Vicki , Ayodeji Victoria , Rockey Francisca , Patel-Nair Manju
Published: October 2024

Geosciences are central to addressing many of the challenges facing our society and environment today, and geoscience undergraduate degrees can lead to influential and lucrative careers in a range of fields. However, geosciences are one of the least diverse of all STEM subject areas. We present results from a series of workshops held in 2022 focused on understanding the experiences of current or recent undergraduates from under-represented groups on UK geoscience degrees. The workshops focused particularly on the participants’ sense of belonging in their degree programmes. Factors that reduced participants’ sense of belonging can be broadly grouped into
unfamiliarity of geosciences amongst family and friends
,
lack of representation in the discipline
,
lack of representation among/exclusion by peers
, and
structural barriers.
We present and discuss the recommendations made by participants for strategies to tackle each of these barriers to belonging. These strategies are intended to be practical actions that individual educators can take to enhance belonging in the geosciences.
Are passive collectors effective samplers of microbes in natural aquatic systems?
Authors: Saltonstall Kristin , Delgado Jacqueline , Vargas Marta , Collin Rachel
Published: October 2024

Biodiversity surveys of aquatic systems often include DNA metabarcoding analyses of environmental samples that are collected through filtration of large volumes of water. The standard practice of sterile collection and filtration in or near the field sites is challenging to implement in remote locations, and filtration of large volumes is a limiting step, especially for water from highly productive systems or with high suspended sediment loads. Recent trials have shown that passive samplers can be effective for aquatic metabarcoding to document metazoan diversity, but that this approach needs to be trialed under a wider variety of conditions and across more diverse taxa. Here we assess the utility of passive sampling for documenting the diversity of bacteria in six tropical aquatic environments (one lake, one reservoir, two mountain streams and two blackwater rivers). We find that passive collectors generally recover significantly higher diversity of Bacteria compared to filtered samples, despite capturing significantly less overall DNA than active water filtering. However, the communities captured by the two methods show significant differences within sites, with only 26% of the Bacteria ASVs recovered by both methods. These differences were largely driven by relative abundances of taxa within Actinobacteriota, Campilobacterota, Desulfobacterota, and Proteobacteria. Our results demonstrate that passive collectors can be a cost-effective solution for monitoring aquatic microbial diversity but that the two methods are not interchangeable. Additional work is necessary to understand the selectivity of both passive collectors and active water filtering for eDNA studies.
Awareness, knowledge, and beliefs about probiotics and prebiotics among Saudi adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alkhaldy Areej Ali
Published: October 2024

Background

Probiotics and Prebiotics are essential for supporting both overall health and gastrointestinal health. However, the perception of these dietary components among the general public in Saudi Arabia is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate public awareness, knowledge, and beliefs regarding prebiotics and probiotics across Saudi Arabia.

Materials and methods

Our cross-sectional study included 1,306 participants aged 18 years and above. Data were collected in Saudi Arabia between May and July 2023 using a self-administered online questionnaire via convenience sampling.

Results

A high level of awareness was self-reported by only 21.9% of participants, whereas more than half (51.8%) of participants rated their level of awareness as low. Overall, 37.5% of participants displayed a high level of knowledge about probiotics and prebiotics, whereas 15.5% had a low level of knowledge. The majority of participants believed in the beneficial effects of probiotics and prebiotics on overall digestion/gut health (84.1%) and supporting the immune system (72.5%). However, less than half of participants believed in their beneficial effects on overweight/obesity (42.3%), stress management (35%), mental health/stress (29.2%), and heart health (28.7%).

Conclusions

The obtained findings indicate sufficient levels of knowledge about prebiotics and probiotics among a population sample of Saudi adults. However, enhanced educational efforts and optimized strategies for promoting a comprehensive awareness and understanding of probiotics and prebiotics are recommended.
Sarcomatoid carcinoma transformation in oral undifferentiated carcinoma following sequential immune combined targeted therapy: a case report
Authors: Li Jieying , Zhan Xiaohong , Shang Wei , Song Kai
Published: October 2024

The diagnosis and treatment of head and neck undifferentiated carcinoma (HNUC) present significant challenges. Herein, we present the case of a patient with advanced HNUC who underwent conversion surgery following treatment with a combination of pembrolizumab and nimotuzumab. During therapy, histological transformation from undifferentiated to sarcomatoid carcinoma was detected at the primary site. This case not only highlights the potential of immune combination-targeted therapy to reduce tumour burden and increase the surgical options for patients, but also reveals the complex alterations in tumour biology that may occur during treatment. It emphasizes the necessity for routine pathological assessments throughout the therapeutic regimen to guide personalised therapeutic strategies and optimise patient prognoses.
Abundance and diversity of diatoms and dinoflagellates in an embayment off Central Chile (30°S): evidence of an optimal environmental window driven by low and high frequency winds
Authors: Jacob Barbara Gianella , Astudillo Orlando , Dewitte Boris , Valladares María , Alvarez Vergara Gonzalo , Medel Carolina , Crawford David W. , Uribe Eduardo , Yanicelli Beatriz
Published: October 2024

The relationship between phytoplankton abundances and wind forcing in upwelling systems involves a number of processes that make the relationship nonlinear in nature. In particular, although upwelling-favorable winds tend to provide nutrients for phytoplankton growth, they can also induce export of both biomass and nutrients to the open ocean through Ekman and eddy-induced transport, or dilution of populations through vertical mixing, which negatively impacts increase in biomass. These processes are essentially nonlinear and can interact antagonistically or synergistically on the overall coastal accumulation of biomass. Consequently, producers and consumers tend to decline above a certain wind threshold despite input of nutrient-enriched water. We have observed this phenomenon in an embayment off Central Chile (30°S), where almost 10 years (2000-2009) of microphytoplankton data were analyzed together with environmental variables and wind phenology. Our findings showed that abundance, species diversity and evenness of diatoms and dinoflagellates all increased post-2005 when the mean of the alongshore surface wind stress reached a maximum threshold value of 0.026 N m-2, observed at the decadal temporal variability scale. The increased abundances of diatoms and dinoflagellates post-2005 was associated with the changing phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) from positive (warm) to negative (cold) phases, which was also associated with a decrease in the intra-seasonal wind activity. Both abundance and diversity of the microphytoplankton community peaked during the post-2005 period whereas higher abundances and frequency of harmful algal blooms (e.g. Pseudo-nitzschia australis) were observed prior to 2005. We suggest that the low-frequency (decadal) variations of mean wind stress during a transition phase of the PDO combined with the reduction in intra-seasonal (periods shorter than 2 months) wind variability after 2005 provided an “optimal environmental window” for the ecosystem.
Low prevalence of archived integrase strand transfer inhibitors resistance associated mutations in Botswana before the roll out of dolutegravir based first line antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Maruapula Dorcas , Ditshwanelo Doreen , Pema Marea N. , Bareng Ontlametse T. , Choga Wonderful T. , Moraka Natasha O. , Mokgethi Patrick T. , Seatla Kaelo K. , Koofhethile Catherine K. , Zuze Boitumelo J. , Gaolathe Tendani , Pretorius-Holme Molly , Lebani Kebaneilwe , Makhema Joseph , Novitsky Vlad , Shapiro Roger , Lockman Shahin , Moyo Sikhulile , Gaseitsiwe Simani
Published: October 2024

Background

We evaluated the prevalence of archived proviral drug resistance mutations (DRMs) associated with resistance to integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) shortly before Botswana transitioned in 2016 to using dolutegravir (DTG)-based antiretroviral treatment in first-line regimens.

Methods

We used the Stanford University HIV drug resistance database to analyze INSTI-resistance associated mutations (RAMs) in a large representative population-based cohort of adults recruited in 30 geographically dispersed communities as part of the Botswana Combination Prevention Project (BCPP) cohort from 2013 to 2018. A total of 5,144 HIV-1 proviral DNA sequences were included in our analysis; 1,281 sequences were from antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve individuals and 3,863 sequences were from non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) ART-experienced individuals. None of the sequences were from DTG-ART experienced participants.

Results

The overall prevalence of major INSTIs DRMs was 1.11% (95% CI 0.82–1.39%). The prevalence of INSTI DRMs in ART-naïve individuals was 1.64% (21/1,281) and 0.93% (36/3,863) in ART-experienced individuals. Major INSTI-RAMs detected in ART-naïve individuals were E138K (2/1,281; 0.16%), G140R (8/1,281;0.62%), E92G (2/1,281;0.16%), R263K (5/1,281; 0.4%), N155H (1/1,281; 0.08%), P145S (1/1,281;0.008%). Among the ART-experienced individuals, major INSTI RAMs detected were E138K (4/3,863; 0.10%), G140R (25/3,863;0.65%), G118R (2/3,863, 0.05%), R263K (4/3,863, 0.10%), T66I (1/3,863;0.03%), E138K + G140R (1/3,863, 0.03%|), G140R + R263K (1/3,863, 0.03%). High-level resistance to cabotegravir (CAB), elvitegravir (EVG), and raltegravir (RAL) was detected in 0.70, 0.16 and 0.06% of the individuals, respectively. Notably, bictegravir (BIC) and dolutegravir (DTG) showed no high-level resistance.

Conclusion

The overall prevalence of archived INSTI RAMs in Botswana was low prior to transitioning to first-line DTG-based ART regimens, and did not differ between ART-naïve and ART-experienced individuals. Ongoing surveillance of INSTI DRMs in Botswana will allow for re-assessment of INSTI resistance risk following nationwide DTG rollout.
Tailored management of cavernous malformations in women: considerations and strategies—a review
Authors: Bektas Delal , Lanzino Giuseppe , Smith Kelsey M. , Flemming Kelly D.
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review

Cavernous malformations (CM) are vascular lesions in the brain and spinal cord, characterized by clusters of endothelial-lined caverns lacking proper tight junctions. These malformations may be discovered incidentally or present with symptoms such as headaches, focal neurologic deficits, or seizures, with or without hemorrhage. This review focuses on non-surgical management considerations important for women with CM, who face challenges related to pregnancy, exogenous hormone use, anticonvulsive therapy, bone health, and mental health.

Recent findings

Emerging evidence suggests that both estrogen and progesterone may influence CM lesion behavior. Exogenous hormones, including those in oral contraceptives and oral hormone replacement therapy, indicate an elevated risk of symptomatic hemorrhage (SH) and may also influence seizure frequency and severity, particularly in women taking antiseizure medications (ASMs). Data suggest that the risk of CM hemorrhage during pregnancy is similar to the risk when not pregnant, although limitations to these studies will be reviewed.

This review synthesizes the current literature on the interplay between estrogen and progesterone and CM lesion behavior, highlighting the importance of gender- and sex-specific factors in clinical decision-making. Special attention is given to the implications of exogenous hormone use, seizure management, and the psychological well-being of women with CM, underscoring the need for a multidisciplinary approach tailored to the unique needs of this patient population.
Acute salivary cortisol response in children with ADHD during psychosocial intervention with and without therapy dogs
Authors: Schuck Sabrina E. B. , Zeiler Cassie N. , Stehli Annamarie , Steinhoff Lydia A. , Stokes Rachel Y. , Jeffrey Sara E. , Granger Douglas Alan
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) participated in a randomized clinical trial comparing animal-assisted intervention (AAI) to psychosocial treatment as usual (TAU). This brief report describes effects of AAI on acute HPA axis reactivity and regulation. Saliva was collected before, during, and after psychosocial intervention sessions with and without therapy dogs and later assayed for cortisol (ug/dL).

Methodology

Thirty-nine participants (n = 39) with ADHD, aged 7-9 years (79% male) provided saliva at 3 points during 90-minute sessions; (i) upon arrival, (ii) +20 minutes, and (iii) 15 minutes prior to departure, on 3 occasions across an 8-week intervention (weeks 1, 4, and 8). Cortisol slopes calculated within each session were compared across the intervention weeks to determine within subject and between group effect sizes. Spearman’s correlations between baseline individual neurodevelopmental symptoms and in-session acute cortisol responses were also evaluated.

Results

No significant between group differences were observed in cortisol responsiveness at week-1. By week-4, in-session changes in cortisol were evident, with significantly greater decreases in the AAI group (Cohen’s d = -.40). This pattern was also observed at week-8, with an even stronger effect-size (d = -0.60). Concurrent symptoms of autism were associated with the in-session acute cortisol response. Specifically, higher parent-reported symptom scores were associated with steeper decreases in cortisol across the session at week 1 (r = -0.42, p <.01) and week-8 (r = -0.34 p = .05). At week-8 this association was stronger in the AAI group (r = -0.53) versus TAU (r = -0.25), with Cohen’s q = 0.413).

Discussion

AAI may influence acute HPA reactivity and regulation for children with ADHD. Concurrent symptoms of ADHD and autism may be related to individual differences in the nature of the effect. Implications of these findings for AAI as an alternative, or complementary intervention for ADHD are discussed.

Clinical trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05102344.
Estimation of Rice Protein Content Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Yan Lei , Liu Cen , Zain Muhammad , Cheng Minghan , Huo Zhonhyang , Sun Chenming
Published: October 2024

Identification of nutritious rice varieties through non-destructive detection technology is important for high-quality seed production. With the development of technology, rapid and non-destructive identification methods based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing technology are increasingly gaining attention in the scientific community. This study utilized hyperspectral imaging technology to acquire spectral reflectance data from the rice canopy during the grain filling stage. Different models (stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) and the Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN)) for estimating rice protein content based on canopy spectral information were constructed using both multiple stepwise regression and BP neural networks. The results showed that the model based on BPNN estimation performed best for predicting grain protein content, with an R2 = 0.9516 and RMSE = 0.3492, indicating high accuracy and stability in the model. Overall, hyperspectral imaging technology combined with various models could significantly help to identify rice varieties. Further, the current findings provide a technical reference for the selection of high-quality rice varieties in a non-destructive manner.
The Posture Detection Method of Caged Chickens Based on Computer Vision
Authors: Fang Cheng , Zhuang Xiaolin , Zheng Haikun , Yang Jikang , Zhang Tiemin
Published: October 2024

At present, raising caged chickens is a common farming method in China. However, monitoring the status of caged chickens is still done by human labor, which is time-consuming and laborious. This paper proposed a posture detection method for caged chickens based on computer vision, which can automatically identify the standing and lying posture of chickens in a cage. For this aim, an image correction method was used to rotate the image and make the feeding trough horizontal in the image. The variance method and the speeded-up robust features method were proposed to identify the feeding trough and indirectly obtain the key area through the feeding trough position. In this paper, a depth camera was used to generate three-dimensional information so that it could extract the chickens from the image of the key area. After some constraint conditions, the chickens’ postures were screened. The experimental results show that the algorithm can achieve 97.80% precision and 80.18% recall (IoU > 0.5) for white chickens and can achieve 79.52% precision and 81.07% recall (IoU > 0.5) for jute chickens (yellow and black feathers). It runs at ten frames per second on an i5-8500 CPU. Overall, the results indicated that this study provides a non-invasive method for the analysis of posture in caged chickens, which may be helpful for future research on poultry.
From Naturalness to Environmental Control: Influences of Transitioning Production Systems on Dairy Farmers’ Perceptions of Cow Welfare
Authors: Nogueira Letícia Bicudo , Hötzel Maria José
Published: October 2024

We conducted semi structured in-person interviews with 36 dairy farmers in a dairy producing region in southern Brazil undergoing intensification. Thematic analysis revealed that farmers’ perceptions of cow welfare were closely tied to their production environment. Farmers in pasture-based systems emphasized the importance of outdoor access and grazing, associating these with the cows’ intrinsic needs and longevity. Conversely, farmers operating confined systems, or those with positive attitudes towards transitioning to confinement, linked cow welfare to practices that aim at minimizing environmental stressors, enhancing comfort, and boosting productivity. Despite these differing views, empathetic concerns towards the cows were evident in both groups and influenced decisions such as improving farm infrastructure or using anesthetics in invasive procedures. However, the transition to confined systems was associated with a more instrumental view of animals, as seen in the abandonment of naming cows and in a greater focus on productive performance. All things considered, this study suggests that working structures may influence farmers’ perceptions of animal care, indicating that farm animal welfare likely depends not only on farmers’ attitudes but also on global and local policies that shape agricultural practices through incentives and constraints.
Effects of Dietary Protein Levels, Net Energy Levels, and Essential Amino Acid-to-True Protein Ratios on Broiler Performance
Authors: Musigwa Sosthene , Cozannet Pierre , Asiamah Collins A. , Wu Shu-Biao
Published: October 2024

Supplementing essential amino acids (EAAs) without considering non-EAA (NEAA) and energy contents in reduced-crude protein (CP) diets may alter EAA-to-true protein (E:T) and energy-to-protein ratios, potentially compromising growth. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of CP, E:T, and net energy (NE) on broiler performance. The treatments were as follows: T1—reduced CP (16%, RP), low NE (9.9 MJ/kg, LNE), low E:T (0.56, LE:T); T2—RP, LNE, high E:T (0.60, HE:T), with imbalanced EAA (excess Met and deficient Thr); T3—RP, high NE (10.4 MJ/kg, HNE), LE:T; T4—RP, HNE, HE:T; T5—normal CP (18%, NP), LNE, LE:T; T6—NP, LNE, HE:T; T7—NP, HNE, LE:T; and T8—NP, HNE, HE:T. The study employed as-hatched Cobb 500 broilers in two experiments. Exp.1 studied the broiler performance from d19 to 35, with eight replicates per treatment and 16 birds per replicate (n = 1024). Birds were randomly assigned to different treatments, and at the end of their lives, all were dissected to determine their sex and account for any gender-related effects. Exp.2 measured NE values in respiration chambers from d25 to 28, with six replicates per treatment, and two birds (a male and a female) per replicate (n = 96). The bird gender was determined through high-resolution melting curve analysis of feather DNA. The measured NE values were used to calculate NE intake (NEi) in Exp.1. The results showed that T4 improved (p < 0.001) weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and NEi relative to T1, T2, and T3, and protein efficiency (WG/CP intake) relative to all treatments. The live performance (feed intake, WG, FCR) and NEi of birds fed T4 reached a level equal to those of birds fed NP diets (T5 to T8). These results suggest that a dietary E:T ratio of 0.60 is necessary to maximize nutrient utilization and to restore growth rate in broilers fed RP diets.
Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair of the Mitral Valve in Four Dogs: Preliminary Results Regarding Efficacy and Safety
Authors: Petchdee Soontaree , Pongkan Wanpitak , Lei Jing , Jaturanratsamee Kotchapol , Bootcha Ratikorn , Meepoo Wannisa , Panprom Chattida
Published: October 2024

Mitral valve disease is a common heart disease in dogs. The aim of this study was to describe the cases of dogs that underwent mitral valve repair via a V-clamp device and to provide long-term follow-up data on cardiac function after mitral valve repair. Four dogs with mitral valve regurgitation who experienced coughing and dyspnea underwent surgical mitral valve repair between December 2023 and March 2024. The patients were evaluated via transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography. Echocardiography revealed mitral valve leaflet regurgitation. Mitral valve repair was performed under general anesthesia using a V-clamp device introduced through an introducer wire guide. Echocardiography was conducted at baseline and during the six-month follow-up. Blood analysis results after surgical repair were normal. Follow-up echocardiography revealed no complications related to the procedure, with all dogs demonstrating improved respiratory signs and quality of life after repair. No adverse reactions were reported after surgery. A V-clamp device was used to repair mitral valve regurgitation in four dogs. Mitral valve repair via a V-clamp device is another treatment option for mitral valve disease in dogs.
Cooperativeness as a Personality Trait and Its Impact on Cooperative Behavior in Young East Asian Adults Who Synchronized in Casual Conversations
Authors: Deng Xiaoqi , Hosseini Sarinasadat , Miyake Yoshihiro , Nozawa Takayuki
Published: October 2024

Cooperation is essential in social life, involving collaborative efforts for mutual benefits. Individual differences in the cooperativeness trait are pivotal in these interactions. A single-group pretest–posttest design was used in this study to determine if Duchenne smiling with gaze and inter-brain synchrony (IBS) during conversation mediates the relationship between cooperativeness and cooperative behavior. The relationships among the variables were examined using mediation analysis and path analysis. We hypothesized that Duchenne smiling with gaze would mediate cooperativeness’ impact on cooperative behavior, while expecting IBS in the left prefrontal region to predict cooperative behavior. The results demonstrated that cooperativeness significantly predicted Duchenne smiling with gaze and cooperative behavior; however, Duchenne smiling with gaze did not mediate the relationship between them. Additionally, IBS during conversation did not predict successive cooperative behavior. These results suggest dispositional factors like cooperativeness may play a more decisive role than momentary expressional cues or neural synchrony in naturalistic unstructured communication in shaping cooperative behavioral outcomes after the communication. The study highlights how personality traits like cooperativeness shape nonverbal communication and social interactions, implying that interventions aimed at developing cooperativeness could lead to more effective collaboration in social settings.
Understanding Users’ App-Switching Behavior During the Mobile Search: An Empirical Study from the Perspective of Push–Pull–Mooring Framework
Authors: Liang Shaobo , Wei Ziyi
Published: October 2024

With the rapid development of mobile applications (apps), various types of mobile apps have become the main channels for smartphone interaction. The user’s app switching behavior in mobile search tasks has also received attention from academia. This article uses the push–pull–mooring (PPM) theoretical model to determine the three influencing factors of push, pull, and mooring that affect user’s app switching behavior in mobile search. Data were collected from 374 respondents using a structural equation model. This study can deepen the understanding of app switching in user mobile search from the perspectives of information source selection, user information search path, etc. This study found that in terms of pushing factors, the complexity of search tasks positively affects users’ willingness to switch apps. In terms of pulling factors, the attractiveness of alternative products and users’ follow-up activities will positively affect their switching willingness. Meanwhile, inertia serves as a mooring variable to regulate the relationship between push-pull factors and user switching intentions. This research highlights key insights on user behavior, follow-up activities, and the role of switching costs and inertia, contributing to the broader literature on information-seeking behavior. It also provides actionable recommendations for app developers to enhance search experiences and retain users by integrating personalized, multi-modal features.
Research on Optimization Design of Corridor Entry Space of Elderly Facilities Based on Visual–Perceptual and Electroencephalogram Feedback Mechanisms
Authors: Hou Keming , Liu Xinyue , Liu Sijie , Liu Chao , Wang Haining , Yu Chuanfeng , Yu Tianli , Yang Zhi
Published: October 2024

This study conducted research and discussion on the irrational layout of the corridor entry front room space in Chinese elderly facilities and proposed a design strategy for this spatial area. Based on a survey of elderly facilities and the general needs of the elderly, three design elements were added to the corridor front room space: windows, furnishings, and vertical greening. A model was built and eight different sets of pictures were generated; 28 subjects viewed the pictures according to their personal preferences while EEG data and subjective questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The results indicated that [Scene WF] was more popular among the elderly and that the demand for furnishings was higher among the elderly. The EEG results also showed that the energy in the frontal region of [Scene WF] was significantly higher than the other scenes. Significance was found between the AF3 and AF4 electrodes in the frontal region and the time and number of viewings (p < 0.01), as well as with subjective satisfaction (p < 0.01). These findings demonstrate that adding these three design elements to this space helped the elderly to have a more enjoyable experience, created a more pleasant and comfortable environment for the elderly, and improved the overall efficiency of the interior space. Additionally, the study provides valuable information for the design of future elderly facilities.
Study on Bearing Mechanism of Steel Screw Pile
Authors: Ding Peng , Liu Yang , Shi Cheng , Meng Fanguang , Li Wei , Deng Zhiyun , Chang Xu
Published: October 2024

In order to study the bearing mechanism of a steel screw pile (SSP), a 3D-FEM of “SSP-stratum” was established based on the large-scale general finite element analysis platform ABAQUS. Secondly, the real friction coefficient between pile and soil was determined by comparing it with the field bearing test data of screw piles. Finally, the bearing mechanism and failure criterion of the SSP was revealed. The research showed that the pile-soil friction coefficient was about 0.6 under the condition of this stratum, and the screw pile was in the elastic working stage under the conditions of compression and tension load, which had a large bearing reserve. The magnitude of Young’s modulus was inversely correlated with the settlement value and the extreme value of principal stress. The increase in the Young’s modulus of the stratum was helpful in improving the bearing capacity of the screw pile. The compressive capacity of circular steel tube + screw pile (CST + SP) was about 2 times higher than CST, and the compressive capacity of circular steel tube + large blade + screw pile (CST + LB + SP) was about 2.4 times higher than CST. The tensile capacity of CST + SP was about 3.4 times higher than CST, and the tensile capacity of CST + LB + SP was about 4.9 times higher than CST. The arrangement of large blades better bore the load of the screw part and optimized the stress distribution of the structure. Based on the mechanical analysis in the vertical direction, the bearing mechanism of the SSP under compression and tension conditions was elaborated. The bearing failure criterion of the SSP was summarized from the aspects of mechanics and displacement. The bearing design of the SSP should meet the control of mechanics and deformation at the same time. The research work could provide a useful reference for the design and construction of SSPs.
Prognostic Value of Separate Extramural Vascular Invasion Reporting in Operative Samples of Rectal Cancer: Single-Institutional Experience
Authors: Djuric Mladen , Kožik Bojana , Vasiljevic Tijana , Djermanovic Aleksandar , Stanulovic Nevena , Djuric Marina
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Vascular invasion, especially extramural vascular invasion (EMVI), has emerged as a prognostic parameter for rectal cancer (RC) in recent years. Prediction of recurrence and metastasis development poses a significant challenge for oncologists, who need markers for prediction of adverse outcome. The aim of this study was to examine the prognostic significance of pathohistologically detected EMVI in untreated rectal cancer and its implications in separate reporting. Methods: We examined 100 untreated RC patients who underwent curative resection from January 2016 to June 2018 with a follow-up of 5 years. Patients were divided into equal EMVI− and EMVI+ groups based on histological re-examination of H&E-stained postoperative surgical samples. Results: The presence of EMVI within the selected cohort was significantly associated with female gender, T3/T4 and N1/N2 post-operative stages, positive lymph nodes, lymph node ratio LNR2 and LNR3 groups, abundant tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, positive lympho-vascular invasion (LVI), perineural (PNI), and circumferential resection margin (CRM) (p < 0.05 in all tests). Within EMVI+ patients, local recurrences and/or metastases and death outcomes were more frequent events (p = 0.029 and p = 0.035, respectively), while survival analyses revealed that EMVI+ patients had significantly shorter overall survival (OS, p = 0.040) and disease-free survival (DFS, p = 0.028). Concerning LVI, differences in OS between LVI+ and LVI− patients were not statistically significant (p = 0.068), while LVI+ patients had significantly shorter DFS (p = 0.024). Moreover, univariate COX regression analysis demonstrated the negative impact of EMVI on OS (HR: 2.053, 95% CI: 1.015–4.152; p = 0.045) and DFS (HR: 2.106, 95% CI: 1.066–4.870; p = 0.038), which was not the case for LVI + RC patients. Conclusions: The obtained results strongly suggest the significance of separate reporting of EMVI from lympho-vascular invasion, as it is potentially a surrogate marker for adverse prognosis and outcome.
Molecular Alterations in Paired Epithelial Ovarian Tumors in Patients Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Nikolaidi Adamantia , Papadopoulou Eirini , Haidopoulos Dimitrios , Liontos Michalis , Fountzilas Elena , Tsaousis Georgios , Goula Kalliroi , Tsolaki Eleftheria , Christopoulou Athina , Binas Ioannis , Stamatopoulou Sofia , Koumarianou Anna , Karageorgopoulou Sofia , Goussia Anna , Psyrri Amanda , Papadimitriou Christos , Gogas Helen
Published: October 2024

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by interval debulking surgery (IDS) and adjuvant chemotherapy is a therapeutic choice for women with advanced ovarian cancer. Whether NACT affects the tumor’s molecular profile has not been determined. Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients with advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer treated with NACT at oncology departments affiliated with the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group (HeCOG). Tumor molecular profiling was performed on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor pre- and post-NACT tissues. Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), tumor molecular alterations, and tumor mutational burden (TMB) via next-generation sequencing analysis were assessed. Results: Overall, tumors from 36 patients were assessed, and molecular profiling was evaluated in 20 paired tumor samples. HRD positivity exhibited no significant change between pre- and post-NACT tumors. The BRCA1/2 mutational status remained constant, irrespective of the treatment administration. Pre-NACT tumors tended to exhibit a lower percentage of intratumoral TILs compared to post-NACT tumors (p = 0.004). Differences in the mutation profile between pre- and post-treatment tissue were observed in 33.33% (6/18) of the cases. The mean tumor cell content (TCC) (p-value: 0.0840) and the mean genomic instability score (p-value: 0.0636) decreased slightly numerically after therapy. A moderate inverse relationship was observed between the pre-NACT TMB and the chemotherapy response score (p-value: 0.038), indicating this correlation is statistically significant. Conclusion: This study provides insights into the effect of NACT on the tumor molecular landscape. While BRCA1/2 and HRD status remained stable, an increase in TIL proportion and changes in the mutational profiles were observed post-treatment.
Management of Endometrial Cancer: A Comparative Review of Guidelines
Authors: Kopatsaris Stergios , Tsakiridis Ioannis , Kapetanios Georgios , Zachomitros Fotios , Michos Georgios , Papanikolaou Evangelos , Athanasiadis Apostolos , Dagklis Themistoklis , Kalogiannidis Ioannis
Published: October 2024

Endometrial cancer is the most frequently diagnosed gynecological cancer. The aim of this study was to summarize and compare the most recent guidelines regarding its management. A comparative review of guidelines from the European Society of Gynecological Oncology, the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology, the European Society of Pathology, the European Society for Medical Oncology, the Cancer Council of Australia, the British Gynecological Cancer Society, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists was carried out. The comparison of guidelines highlighted common recommendations and key differences regarding the most basic aspects of endometrial cancer management. Certain differences were identified in the options of surgical procedures based on endometrial biopsy and lymph node infiltration. Minor differences were identified in the management of recurrent disease, while the more pronounced differences were found in the follow-up procedure. The development of consistent international protocols in similar resource settings may lead to a more consistent classification, as well as to common lines regarding surgical approaches, risk stratification and the way patients should be monitored following the remission of endometrial cancer.
Differentially Expressed Somatostatin (SST) and Its Receptors (SST1-5) in Sporadic Colorectal Cancer and Normal Colorectal Mucosa
Authors: Geltz Agnieszka , Seraszek-Jaros Agnieszka , Andrzejewska Małgorzata , Pietras Paulina , Leśniczak-Staszak Marta , Szaflarski Witold , Szmeja Jacek , Kasprzak Aldona
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common human malignancies worldwide. The somatotropin-releasing inhibitory factor/somatostatin (SRIF/SST) acts through activation of five membrane receptors (SSTRs, SST1-5). The diagnostic and prognostic role of these peptides in sporadic CRC remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the role of tissue expression of SST and all SSTRs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis of sporadic CRC. Methods: The expression of SST and all SSTRs was assessed in the tissues of CRC patients, control colorectal mucosa and lymph node metastasis from the same patients using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: Decreased SST (mRNA and peptide) and higher SST2 and SST5 (mRNA and peptide) expression in CRC vs. control was noted. A negative correlation between SST mRNA expression and patient’s age in CRC and control groups were observed. IHC study confirmed the coexpression of SSTRs in all tissue groups and significant dependence on the cellular localization. Immunoexpression of SST2 and SST3 showed the most correlations with clinicopathological data in CRC patients. Interestingly, only control tissue showed differences in SST1-5 expression depending on the colon segment. Conclusions: Reduced SST expression in CRC indicates a weakening in its antitumor effect in this cancer in vivo. Overexpression of SST2 and SST5 in CRC suggests that these receptors play an important role in the pathogenesis of this cancer. Analysis of SST1-5 tissue expression allows for differentiation between the mucinous and nonmucinous CRC subtypes. The coexpression of all SST1-5 and overexpression of not only SST2 and SST5 in CRC may have applications for future therapy based on the SRIF system in sporadic CRC.