bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bilateral Pedicled Superior Gluteal Artery Perforator (SGAP) Flap for Double‐Layer Closure and Reconstruction of Sacrococcygeal Defect After Chordoma Resection: A Case Report
Authors: Martini Federica , Meroni Matteo , Scaglioni Mario F.
Published: December 2024

Chordomas are rare, slow‐growing, locally aggressive malignant tumors arising from notochord remnants that commonly affect the sacrococcygeal area. Surgical resection with negative margins is crucial but often results in extended defects with exposed critical structures, necessitating complex reconstructions. The reconstruction techniques commonly employed and described in the literature often utilize musculocutaneous flaps, which are associated with higher donor site morbidity. Thus, the challenge remains to minimize donor site morbidity while ensuring effective reconstruction and long‐term stability. This case report presents a novel technique for sacrococcygeal defect reconstruction after chordoma resection. This approach aims to help reconstructive surgeons to improve patient outcomes and broaden the range of available surgical strategies in this area while minimizing donor site morbidity. An 87‐year‐old male patient presented a sacrococcygeal chordoma measuring 51 × 41 × 58 mm, which caused the destruction of the coccygeal vertebrae and infiltrated the levator ani muscle. After a multi‐disciplinary discussion, the patient underwent en‐bloc tumor resection. The mass measured 11 × 8 cm and included the coccyx, the gluteus maximus insertion to the coccyx, and a portion of the levator ani muscle, leaving part of the rectum ampulla exposed. For the reconstruction, to create a strong barrier to minimize the risk of rectal herniation, obliterate the dead space, and cover the defect, we performed a bilateral advancement of the gluteus maximus and harvested two pedicled superior gluteal artery perforator (SGAP) flaps measuring 15 × 10 cm and centered on the perforator. The flaps were consequently tunneled below the gluteal skin, rotated 90°, and placed in the defect; one was de‐epithelialized and buried into the defect, and the other was placed above it for surface coverage. The postoperative recovery was uneventful, and at a 1‐year follow‐up, the patient reported no motor dysfunction or problems during sitting, and no signs of rectal herniation were shown at the CT. The reconstruction with bilateral pedicled SGAP flaps arranged in a double‐layer fashion could effectively address the key points of reconstruction of the sacrococcygeal area after chordoma resection, with several advantages since it causes minimal donor site morbidity and maintains the contour of the gluteal area with excellent functional outcomes. However, further studies are warranted to validate and refine this approach.
Breast radiotherapy planning: A decision‐making framework using deep learning
Authors: Gallego Pedro , Ambroa Eva , PérezAlija Jaime , Jornet Nuria , Anson Cristina , Tejedor Natalia , Vivancos Helena , Ruiz Agust , Barceló Marta , Dominguez Alejandro , Riu Victor , Roda Javier , Carrasco Pablo , Balocco Simone , Díaz Oliver
Published: December 2024

Background

Effective breast cancer treatment planning requires balancing tumor control while minimizing radiation exposure to healthy tissues. Choosing between intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and three‐dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D‐CRT) remains pivotal, influenced by patient anatomy and dosimetric constraints.

Purpose

This study aims to develop a decision‐making framework utilizing deep learning to predict dose distributions, aiding in the selection of optimal treatment techniques.

Methods

A 2D U‐Net convolutional neural network (CNN) model was used to predict dose distribution maps and dose‐volume histogram (DVH) metrics for breast cancer patients undergoing IMRT and 3D‐CRT. The model was trained and fine‐tuned using retrospective datasets from two medical centers, accounting for variations in CT systems, dosimetric protocols, and clinical practices, over 346 patients. An additional 30 consecutive patients were selected for external validation, where both 3D‐CRT and IMRT plans were manually created. To show the potential of the approach, an independent medical physicist evaluated both dosimetric plans and selected the most appropriate one based on applicable clinical criteria. Confusion matrices were used to compare the decisions of the independent observer with the historical decision and the proposed decision‐making framework.

Results

Evaluation metrics, including dice similarity coefficients (DSC) and DVH analyses, demonstrated high concordance between predicted and clinical dose distribution for both IMRT and 3D‐CRT techniques, especially for organs at risk (OARs). The decision‐making framework demonstrated high accuracy (90), recall (95.7), and precision (91.7) when compared to independent clinical evaluations, while the historical decision‐making had lower accuracy (50), recall (47.8), and precision (78.6).

Conclusions

The proposed decision‐making model accurately predicts dose distributions for both 3D‐CRT and IMRT, ensuring reliable OAR dose estimation. This decision‐making framework significantly outperforms historical decision‐making, demonstrating higher accuracy, recall, and precision.
Direct minimization of normal‐tissue toxicity via an NTCP‐based IMPT planning method
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Wangyao , Li Jiaxin , Lin Yuting , Liu Xu , Qin Bin , Gao Hao
Published: December 2024

Background

Intensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT) planning often relies on physical dose constraints to balance tumor control and sparing of organs at risk (OARs). However, focusing solely on these dose objectives does not always minimize the normal‐tissue toxicity, which is quantified as normal tissue complication probability (NTCP). NTCP is also a quantitative criterion for patient selection between proton and photon treatments.

Purpose

This study introduces an NTCP‐based IMPT planning (NTCP‐IMPT) method designed to directly minimize normal‐tissue toxicity while maintaining tumor coverage.

Methods

NTCP‐IMPT simultaneously optimizes NTCP and dose‐volume histogram (DVH)‐based physical dose objectives while adhering to the minimum‐monitor‐unit (MMU) constraint for plan deliverability. The optimization problem is solved by the interior‐point method. To assess its efficacy in reducing normal‐tissue toxicity, NTCP‐IMPT is compared with standard IMPT (without NTCP optimization) for four head‐and‐neck (HN) cancer patients in terms of physical dose quality and NTCP of xerostomia and dysphagia.

Results

Across all four patients, NTCP‐IMPT plans met target dose criteria (D95% ≥ 100% and D2% ≤ 110%) while maintaining maximum doses to the spinal cord and brainstem comparable to standard IMPT. NTCP‐IMPT also reduced mean doses to parotid glands, submandibular glands, oral cavity, and pharyngeal constrictor muscles (PCMs). Compared to the standard IMPT, NTCP‐IMPT achieved average reductions in NTCP for xerostomia (grade ≥ 2: 3.67%; grade ≥3: 1.07%) and dysphagia (grade ≥ 2: 7.54%; grade ≥ 3: 3.72%).

Conclusions

NTCP‐IMPT effectively minimizes normal‐tissue toxicity and improves the sparing of OARs associated with side effects while maintaining comparable tumor coverage compared to standard IMPT.
Artification and Social Sustainability in Smart Energy Companies and Non‐profit Organizations. The ‘Time‐Lapse’ Creative Project
Authors: Addis Ginevra
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the role of artification in promoting social sustainability within smart energy companies and non‐profit organisations. Specifically, it explores how contemporary art‐based interventions foster social sustainability both internally and externally in corporate and non‐profit settings. It focuses on creative partnerships involving the Italian energy company Edison, the EOS Foundation and Kayròs, a non‐profit dedicated to protecting minors and vulnerable communities. This research employs a case study methodology, combining qualitative interviews with key stakeholders and analysis of project documentation to understand how these organisations integrate contemporary art into their sustainability initiatives. The findings demonstrate that partnerships with contemporary artists enhance social sustainability by engaging employees and communities in meaningful cultural projects. These collaborations have helped to create art‐centred solutions that address corporate social responsibility goals and community development. This has been achieved by incorporating art‐based initiatives both within company operations and through outreach programs aimed at external communities.
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents with obesity: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wentzel Annalie , Mabhida Sihle E. , Ndlovu Musawenkosi , Mokoena Haskly , Esterhuizen Bevan , Sekgala Machoene D. , Dludla Phiwayinkosi V. , Kengne André P. , Mchiza Zandile J.
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study investigated the prevalence trends of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents with obesity by systematically analyzing global data. Additionally, it aimed to compare regional disparities and criteria used to identify at‐risk subpopulations among this demographic group.

Methods

We searched three major databases, i.e., PubMed‐Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science, from inception to August 31, 2023, yielding 2432 articles. We included original research papers reporting MetS prevalence among children and adolescents with obesity, irrespective of their regions and MetS diagnostic criteria used. We aggregated prevalence estimates using random‐effects models to obtain the overall prevalence and conducted subgroup analyses for MetS criteria and study regions.

Results

We included 57 studies, amounting to 27,923 participants. The overall prevalence of MetS in participants with obesity varied greatly across studies, ranging from 2.1% to 74.4%, with an average prevalence of 29.4%. This high prevalence of MetS was further supported by a meta‐analysis comprising 57 studies that further strengthened the observation of a high prevalence of MetS, revealing an overall prevalence of 26% (95% CI: 0.22–0.30; I2 = 98%).

Conclusions

Children and adolescents with obesity face a heightened risk of developing MetS. There is a pressing need for heightened attention to this issue, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries such as those in sub‐Saharan Africa.
Long‐Term Outcomes of Temporal Bone Aneurysmal Bone Cysts: Ambispective Study With Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis
Authors: Das K Nidhin , Mehrotra Anant , Keshri Amit , Sinha Mohit , Hameed Nazrin , Chidambaram Kalyan , Aqib Mohd , Kumar Jaiswal Awadesh , Manogaran Ravisankar
Published: December 2024

Objective

To analyse the clinical, radiological, and surgical management of temporal bone aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) and identify factors affecting outcomes.

Study Design

Ambispective study.

Setting

A single tertiary care institution.

Methods

This study reviewed 6 cases of temporal bone ABCs treated between 2017 and 2024. Patient demographics, clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, surgical details, and outcomes were collected. A systematic review of the literature was conducted, adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses guidelines, to compare institutional cases with published data. Statistical analyses were performed to identify predictors of treatment success and recurrence.

Results

The cohort had a mean age of 27.5 years. Presenting symptoms included scalp swelling, aural fullness, tinnitus, and hearing impairment. Imaging showed expansile lesions with fluid‐fluid levels and bone erosion. All patients underwent gross total excision, with a mean intraoperative blood loss of 230.6 ml. One patient experienced temporary grade III facial palsy, which resolved within 3 months. No recurrences were observed during a mean follow‐up of 35 months. A pooled analysis of 45 cases from the literature revealed that swelling in the temporal region was the most common presenting feature, and gross total resection was the most frequently employed treatment. Recurrences were rare and typically associated with subtotal resections or advanced‐stage tumors.

Conclusion

Surgical excision, particularly gross total resection, is the treatment of choice for temporal bone ABCs, with a low recurrence rate. Stage and extent of resection are critical factors in predicting outcomes. This study enhances understanding of the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for this rare condition.
Nicotinamide riboside targets mitochondrial unfolded protein response to reduce alcohol‐induced damage in Kupffer cells
Authors: Lee Jaeeun , Woo Hayoung , Kang Hyunju , Park Young‐Ki , Lee Ji‐Young
Published: December 2024

The pathogenesis of alcohol‐related liver disease (ALD) is closely linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired cellular energy metabolism. In this study, we explored how ethanol triggers inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in Kupffer cells, i.e.hepatic resident macrophages, primarily focusing on the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) using immortalized mouse Kupffer cells (ImKCs) and mouse primary KCs. The UPRmt is a cellular defense mechanism activated in response to the perturbation of mitochondrial proteostasis to maintain mitochondrial integrity and function by upregulating the expression of mitochondrial chaperones and proteases. We also determined whether nicotinamide riboside (NR), a NAD+ precursor, could mitigate ethanol‐triggered cellular damage. When ImKCs were exposed to 80 mm ethanol for 72 h, they displayed inflammation, oxidative stress, and impaired mitochondrial function with decreased mitochondrial content and deformed mitochondrial crista structure. NR, however, counteracted the effects of ethanol. Furthermore, ethanol increased mRNA and protein levels of UPRmt genes, such as mitochondrial chaperones and proteases, which were attenuated by NR. Notably, the ethanol‐induced shift in the entry of activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5), a putative transcriptional regulator of UPRmt, to the nucleus from the mitochondria was abolished by NR. The induction of UPRmt genes by ethanol was significantly repressed when Atf5 was knocked down, indicating the role of ATF5 in the induction of UPRmt genes in ImKCs exposed to ethanol. We also confirmed the induction of UPRmt gene expression in mouse and human livers exposed to alcohol. Our findings demonstrate the ability of NR to alleviate ethanol‐induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, partly by modulating the ATF5‐dependent UPRmt pathway in ImKCs, suggesting its potential for ALD therapy. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Review: The potential of nanocellulose composites for sustainable food packaging applications
Authors: Nasra Abd El Salam , Hasanien Yasmeen A. , El Mogy Soma A.
Published: December 2024

This work addresses the innovative use of nanocellulose (NC) as an environmentally friendly and sustainable substitute for conventional food packaging made of polymers. The review delves into the synthesis approaches of NC/polymer‐mixed composites. The characterization of these composites is discussed, highlighting their mechanical properties, biodegradability, and characteristics of a barrier toward oxygen, moisture, and oil resistance. The review further explores the development of active packaging, which utilizes NC's capacity to preserve and release active ingredients like antioxidants and antimicrobials to lengthen the amount of time that food supplies can be stored. The evolution of intelligent and smart packaging is also explored, showcasing how NC‐based packaging can incorporate indicators for freshness, temperature, pH, and spoilage, offering customers and retailers knowledge accessibility in real time. The opportunities and problems facing NC in food packaging are discussed, and the need for more study and advancement is highlighted to reach its full potential. For those interested in sustainable food packaging solutions, researchers, business professionals, and policymakers will find this thorough review to be highly insightful.

Highlights

It covers examples of polymer composites filled with NC.

Mention the preparation methods and characterization of NC‐based composites.

Highlight the promising areas of NC/polymer composite applications in smart food packaging

Concludes the challenges and prospects of NC composite in food packaging.
Oxymorphone and Oxycodone Pharmacy Purchases in US Counties: Prelude to the Largest Rural Human Immunodeficiency Virus Outbreak in US History
Authors: Delcher Chris , Smith Anna L. , Romanelli Frank , Gaskill Logan , Surratt Hilary L.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The largest rural outbreak of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the US was centered in Scott County, Indiana, and linked to injection practices involving the opioid Opana ER (oxymorphone extended release [ER] reformulated). We examined supply trends using pharmacy transactions of Opana ER in Scott and all US counties from January 2007 to December 2019.

Methods

We calculated the monthly morphine milligram equivalents (MME) of Opana ER (and its competitor OxyContin) in pharmacies using the Automation of Reports and Consolidated Orders System (ARCOS) database from the Washington Post. We modeled the MME rate per capita in Scott County and five geographic comparators in seven distinct time periods including the market introduction of abuse deterrent formulations of both drugs and the HIV outbreak period (circa 2014).

Results

After Opana ER introduction, transaction rates surged in Scott County, where annual OxyContin MMEs were already seven‐fold higher than Indiana overall (CY2009: 46.8 vs. 6.8 MME/pop., respectively). Immediately after OxyContin's reformulation, the Opana ER growth rate in Scott County surpassed all geographic comparators modeled (~27 times faster than the US, 1.28 vs. 0.047 MME/pop/month, respectively). By 2012, prior to the outbreak, MMEs from Opana ER almost perfectly replaced the diminishing OxyContin supply. When Opana ER with INTAC was subsequently introduced, pharmacy transactions declined precipitously by nearly 50%, persisting through the HIV outbreak period and market withdrawal.

Conclusions

Opana ER rapidly supplanted OxyContin in a vulnerable population that was at heightened risk for HIV who subsequently faced an immediate supply shock after its reformulation. Pharmacy transactions are critical for suspicious order monitoring and pharmacovigilance by US and international agencies especially during deleterious supply shocks in legal and illicit drug markets.
Nanolayered Films of Spin‐Coated, Covalently‐Assembled Poly(Vinylpyrrolidone)‐ and Poly(Vinylpyridine)‐Based Copolymers
Authors: Tasso Mariana , Tuninetti Jimena S. , Pissinis Diego E. , Moya Sergio , Azzaroni Omar
Published: December 2024

Sequential deposition of polymer layers of very diverse characteristics has been applied to produce nanoassemblies of well‐controlled thickness and physico‐chemical properties. While conventional layer‐by‐layer approaches are based on the sequential deposition of distinct, mutually interacting materials, nanoassemblies formed by a single, unique polymer are challenged by the need of chemically interacting units to ensure layer‐to‐layer binding. Here, pyrrolidone and pyridine‐containing polymers are mixed with the bifunctional crosslinker 1,6‐dibromohexane and sequentially spin‐coated as single, neutral polymers. The incorporation of the crosslinker within each deposited layer enables stepwise covalent bond formation while the nanofilm is being assembled. N‐alkylation of amine groups by the crosslinker's alkyl halides during thermal annealing post‐layer deposition ensures both intra and interlayer crosslinking with a single formulation. Thickness, growth profile, surface roughness, and wettability of the covalently bound nanoassemblies are evaluated together with their interaction with
Staphylococcus aureus
and HeLa cancer cells. The antibacterial and non‐adhesive properties of a set of nanofilms are investigated and discussed in light of the physico‐chemical characteristics of the films.
Biaxial Thermo–Mechanical Response of ABS Sheet Above Tg Using DIC–Based Bubble Inflation Technique
Authors: Varedi S. Rasoul , Buffel Bart , Desplentere Frederik
Published: December 2024

In this study, we examine the biaxial, large, and rapid deformation characteristics of heavy‐gauge ABS sheets within the temperature range of 120°C to 160°C, relevant to the industrial forming process. A custom‐built bubble inflation apparatus with a 300 mm diameter was designed for this purpose. Temperature uniformity across the sheet was verified using a thermal camera, while the temperature profile through the material's thickness was monitored during the heating using thermocouples near the top and bottom surfaces of the sheet. The bubble inflation test, combined with displacement, strain fields, and deformation rates at different locations, enables detailed characterization of the bubble's shape under large deformation. To address early‐stage geometric instabilities due to sagging from thermal expansion, airflow was regulated with a precise flow control valve before inflation, while 3D‐DIC monitored the real‐time displacements to correct for sag deformation. The inflation pressure profile was recorded and synchronized with 3D‐DIC strain evolution data for each test, allowing for analysis of the characteristic stress–strain curve at the pole. By evaluating the material's equi‐biaxial properties at the pole and biaxial strain measurements away from the pole, the collected data provides a strong basis for future calibration of constitutive material models through an inverse approach, enabling accurate integration into process simulations.
Degradation of Micropollutants in Water by O Atoms Produced by an Atmospheric Pressure He/O2 Plasma Jet
Authors: Chen Changtao , Lukeš Petr , Jirásek Vít , Tarabová Barbora , Tian Ye , Demeestere Kristof , Nikiforov Anton , Van Hulle Stijn W. H.
Published: December 2024

An atmospheric pressure He/O2 COST reference microplasma jet was used to study interactions of O atoms with four different organic micropollutants used as target compounds treated by plasma in water (atrazine, carbamazepine, 1,7‐α‐ethinylestradiol, and bisphenol A). Various ratios of O2 to He were used to achieve different exposures of reactive oxygen species to the plasma‐treated micropollutants, and their degradation efficiencies were determined. The degradation of all four micropollutants was merely associated with the variable exposure to the O atom, whereas the role of O3 was minimal. A comprehensive investigation was conducted on the degradation pathways and toxicity reduction assessment of atrazine after the treatment by plasma.
Migration Infrastructure, Digital Connectivity and Porous Borders: Vietnamese Migration to Australia
Authors: Hoang Lan Anh
Published: December 2024

The burgeoning literature on migration and information and communication technologies (ICTs) provides rich empirical evidence of how social media and networking platforms are becoming integral to cross‐border migration, increasingly blurring the boundaries between physical and virtual worlds. Drawing from a qualitative study conducted between 2019 and 2023 on the Vietnam–Australia migration corridor, I discuss how virtual communities and digitally mediated migration infrastructure shape the ways migrants navigate the restrictive, but also defective, neoliberal migration regimes in the Global North. Social media facilitate brokers' access to a wide range of potential clients but challenge their previously dominant position in migration mediation. Digital divides create uneven mobility pathways, reproducing and exacerbating social inequalities among people on the move. A focus on migration mediation at the intersection of social‐digital spheres generates vital insights into the continually evolving relationships between the state, market and migrants in the Digital Age.
Full‐Order and Reduced‐Order H∞ Filtering Syntheses of Uncertain Switched Systems via Event‐Triggered Strategy
Authors: He Ziyi , Wu Baowei , Liu Lili , He Mingfei
Published: December 2024

Via event‐triggered strategy, full‐order and reduced‐order filtering syntheses are addressed for uncertain switched systems in the paper. Norm‐bounded uncertainty is considered in each switched subsystem. An event‐triggered strategy is primarily specified to determine whether the information of an uncertain switched system is transmitted or not. Full‐order and reduced‐order filters are considered on account of the outputs of the proposed event‐triggered strategy. By the merging switching signal technique, it can be established as a switched filtering error system with uncertain switched systems. Some sufficient conditions are subsequently presented to ensure exponential stability (ES) with weighted performance for the filtering error system. Moreover, some devised methods of full‐order and reduced‐order filters are also given, and therefore filters with different orders can be selected according to different needs in practical applications. A lower bound more than zero is found to exclude Zeno behavior on the event‐triggered intervals. Finally, the validity and feasibility of this study are illustrated by a practical example.
Finite‐Time Functional Interval Observer Design for Nonlinear Discrete‐Time Switched Descriptor Systems
Authors: Zhang Junchao , Huang Jun , Zhao Xudong
Published: December 2024

In this article, the finite‐time functional interval estimation method for nonlinear discrete‐time switched descriptor systems with perturbations is investigated. To deal with the nonlinear terms in the switched system, the nonlinear error system is converted into a linear parameter varying form using the reformulated Lipschitz property. Firstly, a functional observer with finite‐time gain is constructed for the nonlinear switched descriptor system. Then, based on the proposed finite‐time functional observer, the reachability analysis is applied to design a finite‐time functional interval observer. Finally, the superiority and effectiveness of the interval estimation method presented in this paper are verified through a simulation of the circuit system.
Assessing Social Sustainability Efficiency in European Countries: Focusing on Health and Well‐Being
Authors: Chien Hsiu‐Fang , Lu Liang‐Chun , Chiu Shih‐Yung , Lin Tai‐Yu , Chiu Yung‐Ho
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the challenges of achieving social sustainability efficiency in European countries, especially in health and well‐being, under sustainable development goal 3 amid demographic aging pressures. Using an innovative modified circular dynamic three‐stage systematic network data envelopment analysis model, this research evaluates the influence of social protection investments on healthcare and well‐being systems. The findings reveal that Denmark, Estonia, France, and Germany demonstrate optimal efficiency, while Lithuania, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Slovenia require strategic improvements, particularly in healthcare efficiency. Policy recommendations underscore the need for enhanced healthcare technology, occupational safety, and adaptive strategies to support social sustainability across 24 countries from 2016 to 2020. This approach offers a comprehensive efficiency framework and actionable insights to guide future policy development to address European healthcare efficiency gaps.
Ru Active Centers Incorporated on Ce‐MOFs as an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Oxidation of Alkylarenes to Carbonyls
Authors: Zhao Ruibi , Wang Zhixian , Sun Hao , Chen Guozhu , Zhao Huaiqing
Published: December 2024

In recent years, the construction of the carbonyl group which can be extensively found in various important chemicals have attracted great interest of researchers. In this study, a strategy of coordination is employed to synthesize Ru‐UiO‐66‐NH2 (Ce) with uniformly dispersed Ru ions in UiO‐66‐NH2 (Ce) MOFs as an efficiently heterogenous catalyst for the catalytic oxidation of benzyl sp3 C─H bond to the carbonyl group in water. The characterized results indicate that the active Ru centers were successfully incorporated via the coordination with the amino group in UiO‐66‐NH2 (Ce) MOFs. This strategy could furnish more catalytic active sites to improve the catalytic performance of Ru‐UiO‐66‐NH2 (Ce). A series of alkylarenes could be efficiently oxidized to ketones with Ru‐UiO‐66‐NH2 (Ce) catalyst under mild conditions. Furthermore, the catalyst's recyclability demonstrated that its catalytic performance remained robust, with no significant loss in the catalytic activity observed after being recycled seven times.
Conductive Modification of Activated Carbon Fiber Cloths via Electrophoretic Deposition for Cathode in Lithium‐Ion Capacitor
Authors: Chen Xing , Yan Changyu , Chen Xue , Yang Cheng , Liu Yong , Liu Shujing , Song Chaoyu , Xin Zhiling , Zai Jiantao , Xu Miao
Published: December 2024

With the growing demand for high performance energy storage devices, the advanced manufacturing technology of electrodes, which is a crucial component, has become increasingly essential in academic research and industrial applications. Activated carbon fiber cloth (ACFC) is a promising candidate for lithium‐ion capacitor (LIC) electrodes due to its abundant internal space and pores. However, the wider application of ACFC is restricted by its inferior conductivity. The conventional coating process is costly in terms of both materials and time and is only applicable to surface treatment with limitations in treating shaped substrate such as ACFCs. To overcome the applications obstacles of ACFC in batteries and capacitors, we propose a novel strategy for modification that utilizes electrophoretic deposition (EPD) to deposit Super P onto the surface, thus enhancing its conductivity. After being deposited for 10 min at 80 V, the modified ACFC exhibited higher conductivity. When matched with Si@C anode, the assembled LIC demonstrates excellent initial specific areal capacitance (710 mF cm−2) and cycling retention, with 76.92% remaining after 100 cycles at a current density of 7 mA cm−2. When matched with Si@C anode, the assembled LIC demonstrates excellent initial specific areal capacitance (26.91 F g−1) and cycling retention, with 85.21% remaining after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A g−1. This work showcases the potential of EPD technology in the realm of electrode preparation and offers insights for electrode manufacture in other systems.
Mixed Metal Oxide Heterojunction for High‐Performance Self‐Powered Ultraviolet Photodetection
Authors: Sun Simin , Li Wenhui , Zhang Yuan , Gao Qiyue , Zhang Nana , Qin Yuyang , Feng Wei
Published: December 2024

The field of photoelectrochemical‐type (PEC) ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors has witnessed swift progression due to their facile fabrication processes and self‐powered function. The realization of high‐performance and self‐powered PEC UV photodetectors is attractive and challenging. In this study, the application of ZnAl mixed metal oxide (MMO) heterojunctions in self‐powered PEC UV photodetectors is introduced for the first time. The MMO heterojunctions are composed of ZnO and ZnAl2O4, which provide a suitable band structure for accelerating the photogenerated carrier separation and transport, boosting UV photodetection. Irradiation of the self‐powered MMO PEC UV photodetectors with UV light (365 nm) results in a high responsivity of 46.82 mA W−1 and a fast response time of 18/35 ms. An impressive UV/visible rejection ratio of 1088.8 and excellent multi‐cycle stability are demonstrated, exceeding the most recently reported PEC UV photodetectors. Moreover, the MMO PEC UV photodetectors possess underwater optical communication capability, confirming promising potential for underwater optoelectronic devices. This study provides a new perspective on the development of high‐performance PEC UV photodetectors.
Transcending Systems Thinking: Critical Systems Integration and What's Love Got to Do With It
Authors: Klein Louis
Published: December 2024

Systems thinking is a promise of wholeness and agency. It appears as the right approach to meet the challenges of the Anthropocene. Yet, to keep its promise, systems thinking needs to critically review itself, the wholeness it integrates and the sense of agency it informs and forms. Transcending systems thinking is a continuous process of critical systems integration. Since the 1980s, this process of further integrating systems thinking in the mirror of complex (organisational) practice has been Mike Jacksons research agenda. Today, in the light of the demands of systems change vocalised by a young generation of activists and campaigners but more so in the mirror of research in metamorphic transformation, a next chapter of critical systems integration is due. Widening the gaze and revisiting its philosophical foundations, critical systems integration dissolves distinctions in a quest for meaning and purpose and transcends in a metamodern turn the axiological struggle of the critical school. Critical systems integration embraces a wider range of lived experiences allowing itself to include the formerly excluded. It finds its confluence in a shared understanding growing from co‐reflected lived experiences. In the Tamkeen experience of metamorphic transformation, systems thinking mirrors itself and the challenges of the generation systems change growing out of itself, from itself, into itself; and finally, it needs to answer the ultimate critical question: What's love got to do with it?
Resolving the early‐diverging clades of Loasaceae subfam. Loasoideae – Segregating the new genus Prosa from the Atacama Desert genus Huidobria
Authors: Acuña‐Castillo Rafael , Böhnert Tim , Jeiter Julius , Weigend Maximilian
Published: December 2024

Huidobria, an enigmatic genus in the Loasaceae family, has long puzzled botanists due to its unclear phylogenetic position and morphological distinctiveness within Loasaceae. Focusing on its two species, H. chilensis and H. fruticosa, we employed the Angiosperms353 target probe set alongside a comprehensive morphological evaluation to resolve their taxonomic status. Our analyses revealed significant divergence in seed, leaf, and flower morphology, supported by phylogenetic data indicating long independent evolutionary histories. Huidobria fruticosa, in particular, shows no close relationship to H. chilensis or other extant Loasaceae genera. Consequently, we propose the segregation of H. fruticosa into the new genus Prosa, together with a comprehensive taxonomic revision of both species. A phylogenetic tree encompassing all genera of Loasaceae illuminates the evolutionary relationships within the family.
Fundamental Rights and Non-discrimination Approaches
Authors: Carrera Sergio , Colombi Davide
Published: December 2024

During the 2019–2024 VDL Commission, the monitoring of the application of the CFREU was within the portfolio of Vice-President Věra Jourová.
Correlators for pseudo Hermitian systems
Authors: Bai Yao , Feng Ting-Long , Kim Suro , Lee Cheng-Yang , Liu Lei-Hua , Zhao Wangping , Zhou Siyi
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Pseudo-Hermitian system is a class of non-Hermitian system with Hamiltonian satisfying the condition η−1H†η = H. We develop the in-in and Schwinger Keldysh formalism to calculate cosmological correlators for pseudo-Hermitian systems. We study a model consists of massive symplectic fermions coupled to the primordial curvature perturbation. The three-point function for the primordial curvature perturbation is computed up to one-loop and compared to earlier work where the loop correction comes from a massive scalar boson. The two results differ by a minus sign. Therefore, the one loop correction to the three-point function cannot be used to distinguished scalar bosons and symplectic fermions. To conclude, we discuss possibilities where the scalar bosons and symplectic fermions may be distinguished.
MTSS1: beyond the integration of actin and membrane dynamics
Authors: Matskova Liudmila , Zheng Shixing , Kashuba Elena , Ernberg Ingemar , Aspenström Pontus
Published: December 2024

MTSS1 is a ubiquitously expressed intracellular protein known mainly for its involvement in basic cellular processes, such as the regulation of actin organization and membrane architecture. MTSS1 has attracted much attention for its role as a tumor suppressor, being absent or expressed at reduced levels in advanced and metastasizing cancers. Occasionally, MTSS1 is, instead, upregulated in metastasis and, in some cases, even in primary tumors. In addition to these well-established functions of MTSS1 linked to its I-BAR- and WH2-domains, the protein is involved in modulating cell–cell contacts, cell differentiation, lipid metabolism, and vesicle formation and acts as a scaffolding protein for several E3 ubiquitin ligases. MTSS1 is classified as a housekeeping protein and is never mutated despite the several pathologic phenotypes linked to its dysregulation. Despite MTSS1’s involvement in fundamental signaling pathways, MTSS1 gene ablation is not ubiquitously lethal, although it affects embryonic development. Due to MTSS1´s involvement in many seemingly disparate processes, with many cases lacking mechanistic explanations, we found it timely to review the recent data on MTSS1’s role at the cellular level, as well as in health and disease, to direct further studies on this interesting multifunctional protein.
Shared and distinct changes in the molecular cargo of extracellular vesicles in different neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Wiersema Anna F. , Rennenberg Alyssa , Smith Grace , Varderidou-Minasian Suzy , Pasterkamp R. Jeroen
Published: December 2024

Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) affect millions of people worldwide. Curative treatment for these neurodegenerative disorders is still lacking and therefore a further understanding of their cause and progression is urgently needed. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized vesicles loaded with cargo, such as proteins and miRNAs, that are released by cells and play an important role in intercellular communication. Intercellular communication through EVs can contribute to the spread of pathological proteins, such as amyloid-beta and tau, or cause pathogenesis through other mechanisms. In addition, EVs may serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and for monitoring disease progression. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in our understanding of the role of EVs in AD, ALS an PD with an emphasis on dysregulated cargo in each disease. We highlight shared dysregulated cargo between these diseases, discuss underlying pathways, and outline future implications for therapeutic strategies.
Arbeitsbelastung und psychische Gesundheit von Pflegekräften in Deutschland während der COVID-19-Pandemie – Ein Scoping-Review
Authors: Arndt Dagmar , Hering Thomas
Published: December 2024

Hintergrund

Im März 2023 existierte für Deutschland keine zusammenfassende Übersichtarbeit zu Arbeitsbelastung, Ressourcen, Beanspruchungsfolgen in der COVID-19-Pandemie für Pflegefachkräfte. Vor dem Hintergrund länderspezifischer Unterschiede hinsichtlich Pandemieverlauf/-management und Organisation des Gesundheitswesens soll eine gesonderte Betrachtung von Daten aus Deutschland erfolgen.

Methode

Eine systematische Datenbankrecherche (PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO) brachte 50 relevante Studien, die Eingang in das Scoping-Review fanden.

Ergebnisse

Die Studien basieren auf Querschnittdesigns, stammen zumeist aus dem Setting Klinik und dem ersten Pandemiejahr. Häufig untersuchte Belastungsfaktoren waren Arbeitsintensivierung, fehlende Schutzausrüstung, schnell wechselnde Regelungen, Kontakt zu COVID-19-Patienten, pandemiebezogene Sorgen/Ängste. Pandemiephasen- und settingspezifische Belastungskaskaden wurden deutlich. Häufig untersuchte psychische Beanspruchungen (u. a. Stresserleben, Angst, Depressivität, Burn-out, Berufs‑/Arbeitsplatzwechselabsichten) waren in Gruppen mit ungünstigeren Belastungswerten höher. Pflegende berichteten zumeist ungünstigere Merkmalsausprägungen als Mediziner. Soziale Unterstützung, Belohnung/Wertschätzung, Humor, Resilienz und Kohärenzgefühl erwiesen sich als Ressourcen.

Schlussfolgerung

In Vorbereitung auf weitere Pandemien und Krisen sollten präpandemisch vorliegende Belastungsfaktoren durch gezielte Maßnahmen abgebaut und relevante Ressourcen gestärkt werden. Pandemiespezifische Belastungsfaktoren sollten systematisch reflektiert, organisationsübergreifend Lösungen erarbeitet werden. Längsschnittstudien unter Nutzung validierter Instrumente sowie Interventionsstudien sollten zukünftig in den Fokus der Forschungsförderung fallen.
Safety of PSMA radioligand therapy in mCRPC patients with preexisting moderate to severe thrombocytopenia
Authors: Bastian Moritz B. , Sieben Maike , Blickle Arne , Burgard Caroline , Speicher Tilman , Bartholomä Mark , Schaefer-Schuler Andrea , Maus Stephan , Ezziddin Samer , Rosar Florian
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Aim of this study was to analyze the safety of prostate-specific membrane antigen radioligand therapy (PSMA-RLT) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with preexisting moderate to severe thrombocytopenia (CTCAE ≥ 2).

Materials and methods

Seventeen mCRPC patients with preexisting thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 75 × 109/L) were included in this study. Patients received a median of 3 cycles of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 (range 1–6). The course of platelet cell count was closely monitored within and after the PSMA-RLT and analyzed statistically and according to CTCAE.

Results

No significant difference in platelet counts was observed between baseline and follow-up after each PSMA-RLT cycle: first cycle (54.18 ± 16.07 at baseline vs. 59.65 ± 39.16 at follow up [in × 109/L], p=  0.834), second cycle (58.56 ± 16.43 vs. 107.1 ± 56.44, p = 0.203), and third cycle (60.38 ± 16.57 vs. 132.1 ± 80.43, p = 0.148), respectively. Similarly, baseline and end of treatment values, irrespective of the number of administered cycles, did not reveal a significant difference (54.18 ± 16.07 vs. 72.06 ± 71.9, p = 0.741). After the end of therapy, irrespective of the number of administered cycles, 29.4% of patients remained stable in terms of CTCAE scoring, 41.2% changed to a higher score and 29.4% improved to a lower score. We observed no critical bleeding events due to thrombocytopenia.

Conclusion

Despite the common consideration of marked preexisting thrombocytopenia as a contraindication for RLT, this study indicates feasibility of PSMA-RLT in patients with preexisting thrombocytopenia of grade ≥ 2, as in our preliminary experience, there was no RLT-induced significant deterioration of platelet cell count. Thus, patients with thrombocytopenia should not be categorically excluded from receiving PSMA-RLT.
Vector-based navigation in desert ants: the significance of path-integration vectors
Authors: Voegeli Beatrice , Sommer Stefan , Knaden Markus , Wehner Rüdiger
Published: December 2024

In the longstanding discussion of whether insects, especially central place foragers such as bees and ants, use metric representations of their landmark surroundings (so-called “cognitive maps”), the ability to find novel shortcuts between familiar locations has been considered one of the most decisive proofs for the use of such maps. Here we show by channel-based field experiments that desert ants Cataglyphis can travel such shortcuts between locations (defined by memorized goal vectors) just on the basis of path integration. When trained to visit two spatially separated feeders A and B they later travel the hitherto novel route A→B. This behavior may originate from the interaction of goal vectors retrieved from long-term memory and the current vector computed by the continuously running path integrator. Based on former experiments, we further argue that path integration is a necessary requirement also for acquiring landmark information (in form of learned goal-directed views). This emphasizes the paramount importance of path integration in these central place foragers. Finally we hypothesize that the ant’s overall system of navigation consists in the optimal combination of path-integration vectors and view-based vectors, and thus handles and uses vectorial information without the need of constructing a “vector map”, in which vectors are linked to known places in the environment others than to the origin of all journeys, the nest.
Megameatus intact prepuce: a systematic review of surgical techniques and long-term outcomes
Authors: Elawad Abubakr , Haroon Ahmed , Ahmad Jamil , Alsbeti Jude , Cherigui Sami , Arar Seem , Chandrasekharam V. V. S. , Abbas Tariq O.
Published: December 2024

Megameatus intact prepuce (MIP) presents with diverse phenotypes that complicate the management of this rare but complex hypospadias variant. Current data on optimal treatment methods and patient outcomes are sparse, unintegrated, and therefore challenging to implement clinically. A comprehensive systematic review of the existing literature on MIP was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched for relevant articles published up to [2024]. Key aims were to assess the safety and efficacy of different surgical interventions, and synthesize corresponding outcomes reported in the literature. The search yielded 18 articles meeting the inclusion criteria, representing a total of 524 enrolled patients across multiple geographic regions. Diagnosis of MIP typically involves clinical examination, imaging studies, and urological evaluation. Surgical management options included preputial reconstruction, urethroplasty, and meatal advancement with glanuloplasty. Reported outcomes varied, with success rates ranging from [77.1–100%]. Long-term follow-up data on functional and cosmetic outcomes were limited. Megameatus intact prepuce presents diagnostic and management challenges due to low prevalence and variable presentation. This systematic review presents a current understanding of MIP diagnosis, surgical techniques, and patient outcomes. Future studies should assess the long-term functional outcomes of different surgical approaches, and investigate the underlying genetic and environmental factors contributing to the diverse clinical manifestations of MIP.