bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal factors associated with immediate low Apgar score in newborn babies at an intermediate hospital in Northern Namibia
Authors: Lungameni Justina , Nghitanwa Emma Maano , Uusiku Laura , Karera Abel
Published: October 2022

Background. All newborn infants are required to undergo the Apgar score/assessment immediately after birth and again at five minutes. This vital examination is performed to determine how well the infant is adjusting to the birthing process and the outside environment. Some newborns may have a normal Apgar score, while others may have a low score. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with low Apgar scores among newborns at an intermediate hospital in Northern Namibia.Objective. To identify maternal factors associated with an immediate low Apgar score in newborns at an intermediate hospital in Northern Namibia and to examine the association between maternal factors and an immediate low Apgar score. Quantitative, retrospective, descriptive research methodology was employed. A document review checklist was utilized to collect data at Onandjokwe Intermediate Hospital between August 2020 and October 2020.Results. Gravidity (p0.021), parity (p0.029), haemoglobin after the first ante-natal care visit (p0.011), antepartum haemorrhage (APH) (p0.004), membrane status (p0.000), duration of labour (p0.000), type of delivery (p0.000), and caesarean section type and indication (p0.000) were found to be associated with an immediate low Apgar score.Conclusions:  The study identified maternal factors that influence an infant’s initial low Apgar score. Strengthen maternal health education regarding gravidity and parity, diet, and recognizing danger signs during pregnancy. In addition, strict monitoring of patients with a partograph, cardiotocography, accurate record keeping, and prompt referral of patients with risk factors is strongly advised.
Molecular hydrogen therapy for neurological diseases
Authors: Ramanathan Dinesh , Huang Lei , Wilson Taylor , Boling Warren
Published: October 2022

Reactive oxygen species and other free radicals cause oxidative stress which is the underlying pathogenesis of cellular injury in various neurological diseases. Molecular hydrogen therapy with its unique biological property of selectively scavenging pathological free radicals has demonstrated therapeutic potential in innumerable animal studies and some clinical trials. These studies have implicated several cellular pathways affected by hydrogen therapy in explaining its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. This article reviews relevant animal and clinical studies that demonstrate neuroprotective effects of hydrogen therapy in stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, neurotrauma, and global brain injury.
Management of adverse events post-COVID-19 vaccination with Covaxin and Covishield
Authors: Kumar Ayush , Shrivastava Shweta , Tiwari Prashant
Published: October 2022

Covaxin and Covishield have been granted approval for emergency medical use in India due to the severity of COVID-19. Both vaccines are safe and effective and have a good immunogenic response. There is no difference between Covaxin and Covishield in terms of dosages and both can be administered as 0.5 mL (containing 6 mg of virus antigen for Covaxin and 5×1010 virus particles for Covishield) in the upper arm region. Covaxin and Covishield are designed for a two dose schedule, and it is advised that the second dose of Covaxin be administered 4-6 weeks after the first dose while 12-16 weeks after the first dose for Covishield. These vaccines may have several side effects such as swelling and itching at the injection site, joint pain, dizziness, headache, allergic reaction, increased heartbeat, and fever. Appropriate counselling and suggestion should be provided for any symptoms associated with vaccination so that post-vaccinated issues can be managed. Physician and community pharmacists may play a vital role in the management of adverse drug event associated with vaccines.
The pattern of antibiotics prescription and consumption
Authors: Shams Maiada Mahmoud Hashem , Hamdy Ebthal Mamdouh , Mohamed Karim Atia , Qwaider Mai Othman , El-Agha Belal , Elmatary Sarah Abd-Alhamed
Published: October 2022

Objective:

To investigate the antibiotic utilization and prescription patterns as well as define its convenience to the norm in four North-Sinai hospitals, Egypt. Antimicrobial resistance is a universal health threat. The golden era of miracle antibiotics has ended and we have faced the challenge of being troubled by infectious diseases with no discovery of new antibiotics found since 1987. Antibiotic pressure, overuse, and misuse are important risk factors for antimicrobial resistance and hospital cross-infection. To combat antimicrobial resistance, Egypt started its National Action Plan (2018-2022) aiming to optimize the usage and consumption of antibiotics.

Method:

This multicenter descriptive cross-sectional study was designed to describe the pattern of antibiotic prescription and consumption at four North Sinai Hospitals related to the Ministry of Health and Population. We reviewed 309 medical records of the inpatient department; the samples were selected through a stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected retrospectively from the medical records of the hospitalized patients in October, November, and December of 2020 by a paper-based method. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Result:

The prevalence of antibiotic consumption is near 68.9% in the four hospitals indicating that two-thirds of admitted patients receive antibiotics. Approximately 52.1% administered antibiotics for no reason. Most of the admitted patients took antibiotics on the same day of admission, regardless of the different types of hospital departments. Furthermore, 98.7% of antibiotics were prescribed without culture or order for culture and microbiological tests. Broad-spectrum antibiotics were 90% of all antibiotics prescribed. A total of 18 types of antibiotics were prescribed, cefotaxime was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic representing 26.5%.

Conclusion:

Judicious antibiotic prescribing behavior slows down the nature of antibiotic resistance. To guarantee the best antimicrobial use in the hospitals, standard treatment guidelines, and the Essential Medicines List for infectious diseases should be carried out and revised at least every 2 years to be a clinical reference for clinicians. Continuous education and training of clinicians and healthcare workers can contribute to optimizing the rational use of antibiotics, which in return reduces the progress of antibiotic resistance. There is an urgent need for antibiotic stewardship and surveillance and their application in all hospitals.
Online Survey for Symptoms Following COVID-19 Postvaccination in Karnataka
Authors: Kotiwale V. A. , Kudachi A. B. , Rajashree S. K. , Kotiwale V. V.
Published: October 2022

Background:

While the protective efficacy of vaccine is frequently discussed, little is known about the real-world postvaccination experience outside of clinical trial conditions. The objective of the study was to assess the immediate response to the first and second dose of COVID-19 vaccine and to study the spectrum of postvaccination symptom profile for individuals' vaccines.

Materials and Methods

A cross-sectional online survey was done using Google Forms. It was circulated via electronic media to the people who had taken COVID-19 vaccine from July 1 to July 30, 2021. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.00.

Results

A total of 610 people responded to the online survey. Majority (29%) of respondents belonged to the 20–30 years' age group, followed by 30–40 years' age group (24%). The respondents were predominantly males (82%) and belonging to urban area (57%). Almost 57% of the people had taken Covishield, with the rest having received Covaxin. About 53% of the people had taken the first dose of vaccine. The respondents reported postvaccination symptoms as follows: fever (56%), muscle pain (47%), headache (45%), redness (35%), tiredness (33%), itching (30%), joint pain (30%), and swelling (27%). A total of 45% of participants experienced some health problems and 69% had taken medications after vaccination to relieve the symptoms. A statistically significant association was observed between first dose of COVID-19 vaccine and gender of the participants (P = 0.0024). A similar association was also observed between the dose of COVID-19 vaccine and presence of postvaccination symptoms, namely, fever (P = 0.0001), headache (P = 0.0001), muscle pain (P = 0.0010), tiredness (P = 0.029), breathlessness (P = 0.001), and joint pains (P = 0.012).

Conclusion

Post-COVID vaccination symptoms are very common in the community irrespective of age and gender.
A narrative review of Siddha polyherbal formulation
Authors: Mani Ramani , Natarajan Kabilan , Kadarkarai Kanakavalli
Published: October 2022

Introduction:

Early detection of kidney disease care and management helps prevent morbidity and mortality and improves cost-effectiveness and sustainability. Kidney-related diseases continue to increase every year and pave way to the fifth leading cause of death by 2040. Urolithiasis is a challenging problem nowadays, and many standard pharmaceutical drugs are available but they have a serious adverse effect that compromises for a long-term use.

Materials and Methods:

The available information was collected from various Siddha books and scientific databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.

Results:

The traditional system of medicine particularly Siddha medicine is in great demand in South India, especially Tamil Nadu because of their less side effects, excellent bioactive components, most affordable, and easily accessible source when compared with surgical procedures. A huge number of mankind is impressed by the herbal-based drugs in order to overcome the synthetic drugs adverse effects.

Conclusion:

This review reveals essential data focussing on the traditional use, phytochemistry, and pharmacological profile of Siddha polyherbal formulation of Amurthathi chooranam, thereby identifying research gaps and future opportunities for investigation on this drug.
Detailed Microscopic Profiling of Begonia Albococcinea Hook. Used As Kalthamarai
Authors: Poovan Elankani , Kallingil Gopi Divya , Koppala Narayanan Sunil Kumar , Subramanian Mutheeswaran
Published: October 2022

Introduction:

Begonia albococcinea Hook. commonly known as Kalthamarai is a succulent herb which finds its usage into traditional medicine. This herb has a limited distribution pattern in the southern Western Ghats region and the population is diminishing due to its habitat destruction.

Materials and Methods:

Authenticated plant was subjected to macroscopy, microscopy, quantitative microscopy and powder microscopic studies as per standard testing protocol.

Result and Discussion:

The TS of rhizome showed the presence of thick periderm and parenchymatous cortex filled with tannin. The presence of stomatal clusters in the leaves revealed under quantitative microscopy was notable. The powder microscopic studies showed the prescence of libriform fibres, cells containing tannins and cluster crystals. The study will prove to be a comprehensive record of macro-microscopical features of B. albococcinea for identification of this species.
Post Hysterectomy Vesicovaginal Fistula Repair Without Vaginal Vault Closure - A Simple Laparoscopic Extravesical Repair Approach
Authors: Swain Samir , Rulaniya Suresh Kumar , Neniwal Vishal Kumar , Yadav Praveen Kumar , Agarwal Piyush , Bhalothia Shweta , Tonge Kishor Maroti , Khan Zaid Ahmad
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to describe a simple extravesical laparoscopic approach for supratrigonal vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) repair without cystotomy and closer of the vaginal vault.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective observational study reviewed data of 36 patients from January 2015 to January 2020. In our technique, the fistula tract was identified without cystotomy with the help of preplaced ureteric catheter in VVF tract. After meticulous extravesical dissection of the fistula tract, the bladder wall was closed in a single layer using polyglactin 2.0 sutures. The omental flap was approximated over the vaginal vault without primary closer of the vault.

Results:

In most of the patients the fistula opening were located 2 cm away from ureteric orifice while in 4 patients it located within 2 cm of orifice. The mean operative time was 86 min (65–125) and estimated blood loss was 94 ml (40–130). The mean size of fistula was 7.1 mm (5–15 mm). Omental flap was approximate over vaginal opening in most of the patients. The average hospital stay of patients was 5 days. In all patients, Foley catheter was removed on day 14 after cystogram. The mean follow-up of patients was 4.2 months (3–7). All patients remained continent and symptom free during the follow-up periods.

Conclusion:

Our technique without suturing of the vaginal vault in laparoscopic VVF repair is safe in a simple supratrigonal fistula with good results and avoiding added suturing.
Review on Recent Arabic Information Retrieval Techniques
Authors: AARAB Abdelkrim , Oussous Ahmed , Saddoune Mohammed
Published: October 2022

Information retrieval is an important field that aims to provide a relevant document to a user information need, expressed through a query. Arabic is a challenging language that gained much attention recently in the information retrieval domain. To overcome the problems related to its complexity, many studies and techniques have been presented, most of them were conducted to solve the stemming problem. This paper presents an overview of the Arabic information retrieval process, including various text processing techniques, ranking approaches, evaluation measures, and some important information retrieval models. The paper finally presents some recent related studies and approaches in different Arabic information retrieval fields.
Вторые когомологии регулярных полупростых многообразий Хессенберга на основе ГКМ-теории
Authors: Ayzenberg Anton Andreyevich , Masuda Mikiya , Sato Takashi
Published: October 2022

Явно описан модуль вторых когомологий регулярного полупростого многообразия Хессенберга в терминах образующих и соотношений при помощи ГКМ-теории. Введенное Тымочко действие позволяет определить структуру модуля над группой перестановок $\mathfrak {S}_n$ на когомологиях регулярного полупростого многообразия Хессенберга. В качестве приложения найденного явного описания вторых когомологий доказывается явная формула, описывающая вторые когомологии как $\mathfrak {S}_n$-модуль. Данная формула не совпадает с известной формулой Чоу или Чо-Хон-Ли, но они эквивалентны. Также обсуждается обобщение этой формулы на старшие градуировки.
Фундаментальные группы трехмерных малых накрытий
Authors: Grujic Vladimir N.
Published: October 2022

Малые накрытия, строящиеся над трехмерными простыми многогранниками, представляют собой интересный класс трехмерных многообразий. Фундаментальная группа является полным инвариантом для широких семейств трехмерных многообразий, в частности для семейства ориентируемых многообразий Хакена. Последнее, в свою очередь, включает в себя ориентируемые малые накрытия над флаговыми многогранниками. В работе представлена основанная на технике теории Морса процедура явного построения сбалансированного копредставления с минимальным числом образующих фундаментальной группы замкнутого ориентируемого трехмерного малого накрытия. Эта процедура полностью алгоритмическая и геометрическая.
Multiple Lymph Node and Bone Metastases From An Occult Breast Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: SÖZEL Hasan , GÜZEL Halil Göksel
Published: October 2022

Cancer of unknown primary is defined as cancer with an unknown primary origin. Occult breast cancer (OBC) is a rare diagnosis in which physical examination, imaging methods, and even surgical procedures are insufficient to put on a primary tumoral site in the breasts. This definition leads to only 0.3-1% of all breast cancer cases. The diagnosis of OBC is usually obtained with an axillary lymph node biopsy. A 52-year-old female presented with right arm weakness and a neck lump. On the physical examination, multiple masses were palpated at the right axillary, right supraclavicular, and anterior cervical areas. Mammography, breast ultrasonography, breast magnetic resonance imaging, and 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18-FDG PET) scan could not show a suspicious tumoral area as the primary origin. 18-FDG PET scan put on the massive tumoral burden at multiple bones and lymph nodes, but there were no lesions to suspect as the tumoral origin. Finally, the supraclavicular lymph node biopsy result has revealed the diagnosis; hormone receptor-positive and C-erbB2 positive occult breast cancer. Cervical lymph node metastasis is also a scarce condition for breast cancer. The lymphatic drainage pathway is not clear in explaining the breast cancer involvement of the cervical.
Methodology Underpinning the State of Climate Action Series
Authors: Schumer Clea , Jaeger Joel , Boehm Sophie , Jeffery Louise , Levin Kelly , Hecke Judit , Fyson Claire , Naimoli Stephen , Majid Aman , Lebling Katie , Sims Michelle , Castellanos Sebastian , Nilsson Anna , Thwaites Joe , Waite Richard , Cassidy Emily , Geiges Andreas , Wilson Ryan , Lee Anderson , Singh Neelam
Published: October 2022

This technical note accompanies the State of Climate Action series, part of Systems Change Lab. It describes our methods for identifying systems that must transform, translating these systemwide transformations into global mitigation targets for 2030 and 2050, and selecting indicators with accompanying datasets for us to use to monitor annual change. It also outlines our approach for assessing the world’s collective progress made toward near-term targets and categorizing recent efforts as on track, off track, well off track, headed in the wrong direction, or insufficient data. Finally, it details how we identify critical barriers to change and enabling conditions that can support transformations, as well as limitations to our methodology. Many of the methods underpinning this series remain unchanged from State of Climate Action 2021, although we identify small adjustments throughout. This technical note, then, serves as a companion document to State of Climate Action 2022 and to subsequent annual State of Climate Action reports, with updates made where applicable.
Recuperación de toponimia ranquel en el área central de Argentina
Authors: Mollo Norberto Francisco
Published: October 2022

El territorio ancestral de los ranqueles abarcaba no solo parte de la superficie actual de la provincia de La Pampa, sino también un área de la provincia de Buenos Aires y el sector sur de las provincias de San Luis, Córdoba y Santa Fe (Argentina). Esta etnia ha dejado en toda la llanura pampeana la impronta de sus topónimos. Estos son el nombre que se da a un elemento del paisaje determinado, que puede referir a rasgos del terreno, flora, fauna o a un aspecto étnico. Los topónimos nos proporcionan datos valiosos acerca de la evolución de la lengua y del entorno natural. Los topónimos que se consignan actualmente, en las cartas topográficas del IGN, son escasos en relación a los que pueden observarse en las mapas del Siglo XIX. Las cartas geográficas, elaboradas tras la concreción de expediciones militares, contienen una interesante información toponímica, pero los planos de mensura graficados por los primeros agrimensores son los más ricos en toponimia indígena.  El objetivo del trabajo fue situar, en una carta geográfica actual, los topónimos históricos ranqueles que aparecen en diversos mapas antiguos. Para llevar adelante esta tarea se realizó una minuciosa investigación cartográfica en las direcciones de catastro y geodesia de varias provincias. La información obtenida fue trasladada a cartas topográficas del IGN (escala 1:100.000), que se unieron en un mosaico cartográfico de todo el área de estudio.  Para incrementar la precisión de la información se utilizaron imágenes satelitales y software para georreferenciación, lo que permitió determinar con bastante exactitud la situación de los topónimos. Para la interpretación etimológica de los topónimos ranqueles, se apeló a la bibliografía específica de diferentes investigadores. El objetivo de este trabajo no solo consistió en ubicar los topónimos conocidos, sino también intentar recuperar aquellos que se han perdido y ya no se utilizan.
ECRİMİSİL DAVALARINDA İNTİFADAN MEN ŞARTI
Authors: AKÇAAL Mehmet
Published: October 2022

UUygulamada en sık karşılaşılan dava türlerinden biri ecrimisil davasıdır. Ecrimisil paylı mülkiyet veya elbirliği mülkiyetinde malikler tarafından birbiri aleyhine de istenebilir. Bu takdirde, Yargıtay’a göre, kural olarak intifadan men şartının varlığı aranır. Başka bir deyişle, esas itibarıyla, malikin yararlanmanın engellendiğine yönelik diğer malike bildirimde bulunmuş olmasına ihtiyaç vardır. Üstelik, intifadan men şartı, hukukî niteliği itibarıyla dava şartıdır. Bazı hallerde ise istisnaen intifadan men şartına gerek yoktur. Meselâ, dava konusu taşınmazdan doğal veya hukukî ürün elde edilmesinde durum böyledir. Ne var ki, Yargıtay’ın intifadan men şartının arandığı ve aranmadığı hallere ilişkin yerleşik içtihatları eleştiriye açıktır. İşte, çalışmanın esas araştırma sorusu da söz konusu şartın aranmasının gerçekten isabetli olup olmadığı hususudur.
Penerapan Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi Dalam Menulis Teks Eksposisi Dengan Pendekatan Berbasis Teks
Authors: Yulianti Erni
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penerapan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi dalam pengajaran menulis teks eksposisi melalui pendekatan berbasis teks (Genre Based Approach). Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan penerapan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi dalam menggambarkan kegiatan menulis teks peserta didik untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses pembelajaran menulis teks dan untuk mengetahui sikap peserta didik dalam menulis teks melalui pendekatan berbasis teks. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA Negeri 1 Pangkalpinang dikelas XI. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain pre-eksperimen untuk satu kelompok diberikan tes awal dan tes akhir (Creswell, 2008). Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari  tes awal dan tes akhir dan kuesioner. Data dari tes awal- tes akhir, untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan menulis teks eksposisi peserta didik dengan menggunakan Match T-tes. Data dari kuesioner, untuk menggambarkan pertanyaan penelitian kedua, dianalisis dengan menggunakan Skala Likert dan dikategorikan ke dalam tiga kategori: Positif, Netral, dan Negatif seperti yang disarankan oleh (Azwar, 2012). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya peningkatan signifikan kemampuan menulis peserta didik setelah menerapkan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi dalam menulis teks eksposisi melalui Pendekatan berbasis teks. Peserta didik memahami materi yang dijelaskan dengan baik dan dapat menulis teks eksposisi dengan baik pula dikarenakan peserta didik dapat mengeksplor diri dalam menulis dikarenakan ketertarikan mereka terhadap topik yang dipilih sendiri, kesiapan peserta didik dalam menulis teks serta penerapan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi yang berfokus pada peserta didik melalui pendekatan berbasis teks. Selain itu, data menunjukkan bahwa peserta didik memiliki sikap positif dalam  pembelajaran menulis teks  eksposisi melalui GBA. Peserta didik berasumsi bahwa penerapan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi memfasilitasi mereka dalam proses menulis melalui GBA.
Analysis of pottery from Žďár nad Sázavou – taré město with a focus on the technology of the assemblage
Authors: Těsnohlídková Kateřina
Published: October 2022

The study focuses on ceramic production from Žďár nad Sázavou – Staré město, an agglomeration that formed in the third quarter of 13th century and was abandoned after the founding of the ‘new’ town in the early 14th century. The large pottery collection is well dated and captures changes in pottery production during the medieval transformation, tightly connected with the colonisation of the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands. The pottery assemblage from the 2004 excavation season was processed in this study. Material from the pottery kiln discovered in 2006 and found during the review of the research documentation was supplemented afterwards. The main part of study evaluates ceramic production technology, which was rapidly changing during this period. Pottery fragments were divided into ceramic classes according to the properties of the ceramic mass and firing. The descriptive system of technological marks is a part of the study, but it could be used for other medieval pottery collections. Detailed attention was paid to pottery-forming technique marks: coiling, wheel forming and wheel throwing. The analysis of pottery technology is based on the chaîne opératoire of medieval ceramic production. The macroscopic analysis of pottery-making technology is connected with the conclusions of natural science analyses. Their aim was to validate and specify the macroscopic description of ceramic classes and also detailed information about pottery provenance and technology. The analysis of the pottery provides information for the future productiondistribution model of pottery production in the area.
Actual problems of hygiene and toxicology of pesticides based on glyphosate
Authors: Rakitskiy Valerii N. , Chkhvirkia Elena G. , Miroshnikova Darya I. , Belyaeva Natalya N. , Vostrikova Marina V.
Published: October 2022

Introduction. For several decades, glyphosate has been one of the most widely used herbicides in the world, but the safety of glyphosate and its commercial formulations is still controversial. Materials and methods. The parameters of acute oral and dermal toxicity of glyphosate in rats have been established. An irritant effect on the skin and mucous membranes of the eyes (rats, rabbits), a sensitizing effect on guinea pigs were studied. To establish the degree of damaging effect on the body during its long-term administration, there was made a study of the chronic effect of glyphosate acid and specially prepared soybeans at doses of 0, 0.15, 20, 200, 2000 and 20,000 ppm. The toxic effect was judged by changes in integral, hematological, biochemical and physiological parameters. After 12 months from the beginning of the experiment, pathomorphological studies of animals of all groups were performed. There was performed a complete necropsy of the bodies of rats. Results. Based on the results of the studies, the parameters of toxicity and hazard class were established, according to the hygienic classification of pesticides and agrochemicals (MP 1.2.0235-21 dated February 15, 2021) of glyphosate acid when exposed to the body of warm-blooded animals. Limitations. When setting the parameters of glyphosate acid toxicometry, the intragroup number of rats was 6-8 animals, depending on the tasks being solved, which is a sufficient reference sample. Conclusion. Based on studies performed on laboratory animals, the maximum inactive level (NOEL) of glyphosate is confirmed to be 100 mg/kg body weight, which corresponds to 2000 mg/kg feed (ppm). The foregoing indicates that the dose of 2000 ppm is much higher than the MRLs of glyphosate in soy at the level of 20 ppm (100 times) and 0.15 ppm (more than l3,000 times). Thus, it can be concluded that the maximum allowable level of glyphosate in soy of 20.0 mg/kg does not have a harmful effect and does not represent a real risk to the population.
Modern methodological approaches to the regulation of pesticides in soils
Authors: Sinitskaya Tatyana A. , Pletenev Pavel A.
Published: October 2022

In the modern world, which is on the threshold of eight billion people, the issue of food security takes one of the leading places. Due to the limited amount of agricultural land, it is necessary to increase the yield of the fields, which is almost impossible without the use of chemical plant protection products. In turn, the use of pesticides carries huge risks to public health. Application of pesticides in the cultivation of agricultural lands can lead to their transfer into the human body in different ways. Pesticides can be transported with subsurface and lateral runoff into water reservoirs, from where they can reach the centralized water supply or be withdrawn from water sources by residents of settlements close to agricultural fields. Pesticide active volatile ingredients can evaporate from the soil surface and move over long distances. In addition, translocation of pesticides from soil to plants is a source of public health risk, which may result in further transfer of active substances in concentrations exceeding maximum residue levels (MRL) into human foodstuffs. In the same time, persistent pesticides can accumulate in the soil and subsequently lead to disruption of soil functioning. Therefore, hygienic regulation of pesticides is the most important issue in ensuring public safety. In addition to MAC values, it is proposed to use values based on the MAC: maximum allowable application level (MAEL) and safe residual quantity (SRQ). These values would allow to increase the level of protection of the population from potential harms of pesticides used in agricultural practices for specific soil and climate zones.
The contribution of the first Department of hygiene to the formation and development of domestic preventive medicine in Russia
Authors: Kuznetsov Sergey M. , Terentyev Leonid P.
Published: October 2022

The article highlights the historical aspects of teaching hygiene in the Military Medical (former Medical and Surgical) Academy from the moment of its formation to the present. The actual information about the history of education and formation of the Department of General, Military-Land and Naval Hygiene as the first department of hygiene in Russia and the first department of medical profile specializing in the training of doctors for the Army and Navy at the Academy is convincingly presented to a wide range of readers. The scientific, educational, methodological and practical activities of the staff of the department in the formation and development of preventive medicine in our country as a whole and its armed forces are shown. Biographical information is given about Alexey Petrovich Dobroslavin, the founder of national hygiene as a science and as an independent academic discipline, a talented researcher, a pioneer of military hygiene and a well-known public figure. The contribution of Viktor Alexandrovich Levashev, as the largest specialist in the field of disinfection of that time, who developed and implemented the system of establishment of disinfection services in Russian cities, who created a domestic school for training disinfection specialists, was noted. The assessment of the activity of the department under the leadership of Professor Grigory Vitalievich Khlopin is presented. Textbooks and manuals prepared and published during this period laid the foundations for teaching hygiene in the country’s universities, and the drafts of many documents developed were subsequently used in domestic sanitary legislation. A huge contribution to the development of domestic preventive medicine by Fyodor Grigoryevich Krotkov, who during his professional activity was rightfully called the universally recognized head of Soviet hygienists, is shown. His work on the creation and improvement of the system of sanitary and hygienic support of troops during the Great Patriotic War and the development of radiation hygiene in the country is invaluable. The achievements and merits of the staff of the department in the post-war years are summarized, its activities at the present stage are reflected.
Data Mining Techniques for Web Mining: A Survey
Authors: Gheisari Mehdi , Hamidpour Hooman , Liu Yang , Saedi Peyman , Raza Arif , Jalili Ahmad , Rokhsati Hamidreza , Amin Rashid
Published: October 2022

The data mining (DM) is the computational process that consists of searching, extracting, and analyzing patterns in large data sets, including methods at the intersection of artificial intelligence, machine learning, statistics, and database schemes. Specifically, its primary goal is to extract information from a raw data set and transform it into an expected structure for further use. Moreover, an evolving perspective of DM is web mining (WM), which refers to the whole of DM and related routines. It is used to discover and extract information from web records and services automatically, that is, WM’s purpose is to obtain valuable data from the World Wide Web. Due to its importance, a survey about DM techniques in WM is necessary, as performed in this paper.
 
Received: 30 June 2022 | Revised: 30 September 2022 | Accepted: 25 October 2022
 
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
Overnight Ambulatory Urodynamics Change Patient Management Strategies and Improve Symptomatic Outcomes
Authors: Axell Richard G. , Yasmin Habiba , Aleksejeva Kristina , Solomon Eskinder , Toia Bogdan , Thommyppillai Maria , Pakzad Mahreen H. , Hamid Rizwan , Ockrim Jeremy L. , Greenwell Tamsin J.
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesTo determine the diagnostic value of overnight ambulatory urodynamics (aUDS) and to assess if a urodynamic diagnosis of detrusor overactivity (DO) or nocturnal enuresis resulted in a change in patient management and an improvement in their urinary symptoms.MethodsA retrospective review of 25 consecutive patients (28% male) with a median age of 38 years (range 18 to 86) having overnight aUDS for bothersome urinary symptoms of primarily nocturia and/or nocturnal enuresis following non-diagnostic conventional urodynamics between November 1998 and August 2018. Urinary symptoms were assessed before overnight aUDS and again after urological treatment following any changes in urodynamics diagnosis and treatment. Six patients were excluded as follow-up data were not available.ResultsTwenty-four patients (96%) presented with nocturia and 20 (80%) presented with nocturnal enuresis. DO was demonstrated in 19 (76%) patients (mean pressure 69.1±53.3 cmH2O). UUI was demonstrated in 16 (80%) out of the 20 patients who complained of nocturnal enuresis. Of the 19 patients with follow-up data, following overnight aUDS a change in urodynamic diagnosis was made in 15 patients (79%); 16 patients (84%) also had their clinical diagnosis and subsequent management changed; and 15 patients (79%) reported an improvement in their urinary symptoms following these changes in diagnosis and treatment. There was a significant improvement in ICIQ-OAB (120±44 versus 32±53, P < 0.0001) scores following the changes to clinical management post-overnight aUDS.ConclusionIn our study cohort, change in primary diagnosis following overnight aUDS led to a significant change in treatment care pathway and resulted in significant improvement in urinary symptoms at follow-up.
Impact of Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Klotz Laurence , Van Komen Stephen , Dragnic Sanja , White William B.
Published: October 2022

Purpose: Substantial evidence indicates that men with prostate cancer are at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, and medical and surgical androgen deprivation therapy is associated with further increased cardiovascular risk. There are conflicting reports of differences in cardiovascular safety between gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists and antagonists. The purpose of this narrative review is to compare data on the cardiovascular risks and safety outcomes associated with different hormonal treatment options in prostate cancer patients and to provide guidance on how to manage the increased risk associated with the condition.

Methods: A PubMed search was conducted for papers published in the last 15 years using the following MeSH terms: “prostate neoplasms,” “gonadotropin-releasing hormone,” “androgen agonist,” “androgen antagonists,” “cardiovascular disease,” “epidemiology.”

Results: Evidence regarding the risk of cardiovascular events during treatment with GnRH agonists and antagonists is conflicting. Some retrospective studies have shown that agonists are associated with a greater risk of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, and a similar risk with agonists and combined androgen blockade. Some studies have reported that antagonists are associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity compared with agonists. With respect to coronary heart disease, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, or sudden cardiac death, current evidence has failed to demonstrate a significant difference between antagonists and agonists. Cardiovascular risks in patients should be mitigated by regular monitoring of blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipids, as well as counseling patients to abstain from alcohol and improve their diet and exercise. Statins, metformin, and aspirin should also be considered.

Conclusions: The evidence for the increased cardiovascular risk of GnRH agonists over antagonists for androgen deprivation therapy is unclear. Differences in methodology, population sizes, risk stratification, and outcomes between studies make direct comparisons problematic. The single prospective, randomized prostate cancer trial with a primary cardiovascular end point in men with pre-existing cardiovascular disease comparing GnRH agonist to antagonist was stopped early due to an interim futility analysis. The results are inconclusive.
O PENSAMENTO FREIREANO E A RESISTÊNCIA ORGANIZADA À (CONTRA) REFORMA DO ENSINO MÉDIO NO BRASIL
Authors: Rodrigues Paula Roberta Coutinho , Portela Edinolia Lima
Published: October 2022

Esse artigo apresenta reflexões acerca do estudo que vem sendo realizado sobre a reforma do Ensino Médio (EM) e a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) no Brasil. O objetivo é destacar a Pedagogia Libertadora de Paulo Freire como fundamento ao debate e defesa da formação humana, esse, um dos pressupostos que devem orientar a formação dos alunos do EM, em conformidade com o legado freireano para a educação dos oprimidos. Para tanto, ressalta-se a contribuição da obra de Freire como referencial importante aos educadores que atuam nesse nível de ensino, uma vez que é necessária a crítica às contrarreformas da educação brasileira na atualidade, com destaque para as que foram empreendidas pela Base Nacional Comum Curricular do Ensino Médio. O percurso teórico-metodológico requereu uma revisão de literatura por meio da pesquisa de fontes bibliográficas e documentais, especialmente o estudo dos autores e obras do campo da crítica à educação sob os imperativos do mercado. Conclui-se que está em curso uma reforma empresarial da educação, contudo, há projetos de educação e de formação em disputa, o que significa que ocorrem resistências e a certeza de que a educação é um ato político e uma particularidade humana, conforme Paulo Freire destacou.
Abandon and reuse - The engineered space at a time of pandemics
Authors: García-Esparza Juan Antonio
Published: October 2022

This paper critically explores the evaluation of Historic Centres (HC) to establish new perspectives for the management of their values and attributes. The unconventional interpretation of these HC relies on therevision of the UNESCO Operational Guidelines to achieve new approaches to the cultural diversity of these spaces. A methodological approach based on interviews and open data cross-referencing aims to integrate the social and cultural aspects of the World Heritage cities (WH) in Spain. The research analyses the eventual cultural, architectural and social stratification as elements that need updating to manage HC. Therefore, this research addresses narrative interpretations, both of inhabitants and visitors, as forms of behaviour, expressions and adaptations that result in idiosyncratic innovation and experimentation in the urban fabric. The research steams from a series of scientific contributions to the research projects Writing Urban Places, COST Action 18126, and Dynamics of placemaking, COST Action 18204, (2019-2023). Through a mixed methodology of qualitative and quantitative data analysis, the research aims to analyse the interdependenciesbetween physical conservation, social awareness and sustainable development of some WH areas in Spain.Data is analysed by means of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to spatially comprehend the engineeredspace in medium-sized heritage cities.
Water security: the “new normality” of informal settlements. Nature-Based Solutions as sustainable mitigation and adaptation strategies
Authors: Muñoz Veloza Monica Alexandra , Dadati Maria Caterina , Giordano Roberto , Savio Lorenzo
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic showed us how fragile cities are when dealing with this phenomenon. The lack of green areas, high pollution levels, and human overpopulation contributed to the increase of the urban heat island effect and proved to be the perfect ingredients for the spread of the virus that changed, perhaps forever, our ways of living inhabiting. The consequences were even more dramatic for the inhabitants of informal neighbourhoods, as these exacerbated existing problems related to economic instability and low food and water security. This paper proposes using Nature-Based Solutions to mitigate and adapt to climate change and increase access to water in informal settlements. The research study focused on analysing two technologies, the Blue-Green roof and Rain Garden, developing a prototype for each one. Considering that the practice of self-building characterises spontaneous settlements, the modules were conceived to be built by theinhabitants using recycled materials. These low-tech strategies improve indoor thermal comfort, facilitate thestorage of filtered rainwater for domestic use and provide access to affordable food through domestic scalecultivation. Implementing these solutions in marginalised neighbourhoods could also empower residents to face challenges related to Global Warming, such as runoffs generated by heavy precipitations, and improve hygienic conditions to prevent the spread of diseases.
Critical and typological analysis of the habitat in Spain after developmentalism
Authors: Bernardo Graziella
Published: October 2022

For the study at hand, it is necessary to analyse the constructive legacy of the last decades by identifying a model and a type of architecture that allows its study, as a specific example in time and place. With this in mind, we can justify a certain type of approach to the “new” architectural project, which may be somewhat appropriate to a given historical period. Today, cities are undergoing processes of certain obsolescence by presenting attributes that have become commonplace for urban reflection. (Guajardo, 2017). In Spain in particular, to speak of residential obsolescence refers mainly to social housing. These buildings were constructed in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, and the issue of regeneration has become one of the major issues of concern to the public administration and therefore to the potential tenant or buyer in the field of residential housing. At present, where new construction is playing a secondary role (due to the excessive growth in construction prior to the 2008 crisis), the national housing stock is saturated and unaffordable. This situation prompts other strategies that respond to the criteria of taking advantage of existing housing, adapting them to the present day with more efficient and sustainable spatial needs. The recent pandemic has greatly restricted privacy in houses. It has raised concerns that the standard construction model we have had in Spain and Italy, (countries with very similar customs), responds to a rigidity that due to the partitions and dividing walls (among other elements) are not adaptable. As a result, it would be interesting to start thinking from the very genesis of the project about interchangeable, transformable, flexible spaces, which allow a better adaptation to current and future needs. In addition, this idea would also be useful for reconditioning the family nucleus as it changes over time. As a case study, we propose the analysis and study of the possibility to transform some prototypes of dwellings from the 1960s belonging to the so-called social housing in the district of Tres Forques in Valencia (eastern Spain), which can serve as an obvious example for the task in hand.
Between persistence and change-methodological aspects of the Corn-Markezic Villa reuse, Sarajevo
Authors: Turkusic Juric Elsa , Bradic Haris
Published: October 2022

This paper examines the questions of time (transience) and space (persistence) in architecture and culture. The endurance and relevance of these topics are best seen in the integration of architectural heritage into contemporary life. The paper elaborates this by applying a methodological-applicative model to the renovation of the modernist Corn-Markesic villa in Sarajevo’s Crni Vrh housing estate, which has been designated a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The model seeks to achieve a practical and architecturally creative solution for the villa’s adaptations. Although changing the Crni Vrh urban context might change the appearance and values of the villa, the opposite is also true: the adaptation of the villa to meet contemporary requirements may change its current context. This paper examines the character of the villa’s renovation though field research and the development of an architectural design, to reflect present and future needs, but still faithfully represent the past. The suggested adaptation model follows the lifecycle of a family, and questions the possibilities of transformation at the point at which certain spatial structures and content are no longer needed. The design and research process adheres to guidelines in the European Cultural Heritage Green Paper.
Editorial
Authors: Palmero Iglesias Luis Manuel
Published: October 2022

Editorial VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability, Volume7, Issue 1 (2022)