bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN REMAJA DALAM PENDEWASAAN USIA PERKAWINAN
Authors: Mardisentosa Bambang , Afgani Dahlan Jarnawi , Dharmayanti Nela , Afriadi Bambang , Ayuningtyas Kusumastut Nury , Ayu Pratiwi Ns. , Khaeriyah Siti
Published: November 2021

This research aims to develop a model instrument for adolescent health education in maturing the age of marriage. At adolescence, the female reproductive organs are psychologically well developed and strong and ready to give birth to offspring and physically begin to mature. For that, it needs a method of health education that can reach teenagers. This research used a development method that also includes the instrument standardization process. The model used is a 4-D model development consisting of define, design, develop, and disseminate. The subjects of this study consisted of adolescents aged 10-15 years and 16-21 years in Tangerang City. The sample was selected in this study through cluster random sampling technique. This study indicates that reproductive health education can increase the knowledge of adolescents in Tangerang City about maturing the age of marriage. Health education activities through reproductive education have shown quite effective results in increasing adolescent knowledge about maturing age at marriage. At the pretest, adolescents' knowledge was included in the poor category because the teenagers had not received direct information about maturing age at marriage. However, indirectly some teenagers get information from the mass media without further knowledge, namely at the knowing stage. However, during the posttest, there was a significant increase in respondents' knowledge about reproductive health education. Of the 13 indicators, all experienced an increase in the average value of knowledge compared to the reproductive health education pretest.
Fortaleciendo las competencias ciudadanas a través de ambientes lúdicos
Authors: Romero-Vaca Katherine Dayana , Soriano-Vela Nancy Marcela , Cifuentes-Medina José Eriberto
Published: November 2021

El presente trabajo nace como una alternativa al observar una debilitada convivencia escolar entre estudiantes de segundo grado de una institución educativa. Durante la etapa de diagnóstico se determinó que esto se debía a la falta de uso de destrezas propias para la convivencia pacífica, por lo que se establece que es necesario fortalecer las competencias ciudadanas de los estudiantes, entendiendo que estas son un conjunto de habilidades que, relacionadas con conocimientos, permiten la formación de individuos capaces de reconocer su entorno y la forma de relacionarse con él. Para alcanzar este objetivo se acudió al uso de ambientes lúdicos, definidos como espacios que permiten la interacción entre las personas y motivan la expresión, la diversión y la reflexión. La estrategia se ejecutó por medio de la planeación y la aplicación de talleres pedagógicos que son analizados a través de diarios de campo con el fin de reconocer los avances obtenidos en estos. Organizar ambientes lúdicos mediante distintos talleres pedagógicos resultó enriquecedor, pues durante el desarrollo de estas actividades se observaron situaciones de desacuerdo y discusiones que se solucionaron a través del diálogo, la reflexión y el trabajo en equipo, destrezas necesarias en las competencias ciudadanas. Finalmente, se constató que esta fue una experiencia agradable para los estudiantes, quienes ahora buscan comprender y participar de manera positiva en su grupo recordándose unos a otros lo importante que es el respeto, el diálogo, la escucha y el manejo de las emociones, entre otras habilidades estrechamente relacionadas con las competencias ciudadanas.
Determination of Average Reservoir Pressure from Pressure Buildup Tests
Authors: Kazemi Hossein
Published: November 2021

Two simple and equivalent procedures are suggested for improving the calculated average reservoir pressure from pressure buildup tests of liquid or gas wells in developed reservoirs. These procedures are particularly useful in gas well test analysis irrespective of gas composition, in reservoirs with pressure-dependent permeability and porosity, and in oil reservoirs where substantial gas saturation has been developed. Long-term production history need not be known.

Introduction

For analyzing pressure buildup data with constant flowrate before shut in, two plotting procedures are mostly used: The Miller-Dyes-Hutchinson (MDH) plot (1,8) and the Horner plot (2,8). The Miller-Dyes-Hutchinson plot is a plot of pws vs log Δt. The Horner plot consists of plotting the bottom hole shut-in pressure, pws vs log [(tp + Δt)/Δt]. Δt is the shut-in time and tp is a pseudo-production time equal to the ratio of total produced fluid and the last stabilized flowrate prior to shut in. This method was first used by Theis (3) in the water industry.
Vitamin D and the risk of latent tuberculosis infection: a meta-analysis
Authors: Cao Yan , Wang Xinjing , Liu Ping , Su Yue , Yu Haotian , Du Jingli
Published: November 2021

Objective

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) may be a risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) and thus a health hazard. The aim of this meta-analysis is to explore the association between vitamin D and LTBI.
Methods

Databases including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and ProQuest were electronically searched to identify observational or interventional studies that reported the association between vitamin D and LTBI. The retrieval time is limited from inception to September 2021. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed risk bias of included studies. Meta-analysis was performed by using STATA 12.0 software.
Results

A total of 5 studies involving 2 case-control studies and 3 cohort studies were included. The meta-analysis result showed that the serum level of vitamin D was associated with the risk of LTBI (OR=0.32, 95%CI: 0.12-0.85, P=0.022). The result from cohort studies suggested that relatively high vitamin D level was a protective factor for LTBI (RR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.48-0.92, P=0.015).
Conclusions

Our meta-analysis suggested that serum vitamin D levels were associated with LTBI, and relatively high serum vitamin D level was a protective factor for LTBI. Further RCTs are needed to verify whether vitamin D supplementation prevents LTBI.
Aiming for the Optimum: Examining Complex Relationships Between Sampling Regime, Sampling Density and Landscape Complexity to Accurately Model Resource Availability
Authors: Parsons Ira L. , Boudreau Melanie R. , Karisch Brandi B. , Stone Amanda E. , Norman Durham , Webb Stephen L. , Evans Kristine O. , Street Garrett M.
Published: November 2021

Context Obtaining accurate maps of landscape features often requires intensive spatial sampling and interpolation. The data required to generate reliable interpolated maps varies with spatial scale and landscape heterogeneity. However, there has been no rigorous examination of sampling density relative to landscape characteristics and interpolation methods.ObjectivesOur objective was to characterize the 3-way relationship among sampling density, interpolation method, and landscape heterogeneity on interpolation accuracy in simulated and in situ landscapes. MethodsWe simulated landscapes of variable heterogeneity and sampled at increasing densities using both systematic and random strategies. We applied each of three local interpolation methods: Inverse Distance Weighting, Universal Kriging, and Nearest Neighbor — to the sampled data and estimated accuracy (R2) between interpolated surfaces and the original surface. Finally, we applied these analyses to in situ data, using a normalized difference vegetation index raster collected from pasture with various resolutions.Results All interpolation methods and sampling strategies resulted in similar accuracy; however, low heterogeneity yielded the highest R2 values at high sampling densities. In situ results showed that Universal Kriging performed best with systematic sampling, and inverse distance weighting with random sampling. Heterogeneity decreased with resolution, which increased accuracy of all interpolation methods. Landscape heterogeneity had the greatest effect on accuracy.ConclusionsHeterogeneity of the original landscape is the most significant factor in determining the accuracy of interpolated maps. There is a need to create structured tools to aid in determining sampling design most appropriate for interpolation methods across landscapes of various heterogeneity.
Clinical Report of Six-Month Follow-Up After Cementing PEEK Crown On Molars
Authors: Kimura Hitomi , Morita Koji , Nishio Fumiko , Abekura Hiroshi , Tsuga Kazuhiro
Published: November 2021

To investigate the therapeutic effect of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) crowns, a six-month clinical study on CAD/CAM-fabricated molar PEEK crowns was conducted. Twenty-three cases of PEEK crowns placed on the molars of 20 subjects (7 males and 13 females, mean age: 60.6 ± 14.4 years) were included in the study. The evaluation items were the condition of the crowns at the time of cementation and after six months, patient satisfaction, masticatory ability, and occlusal force. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test with a significance level of 5% was used to examine the difference in masticatory ability with and without PEEK crowns. The occlusion, margin fit, and contact of all 23 cases at the time of cementing was good. Six months after cementation, there was no crown desorption, no fracture or crack, and no prosthodontics was needed in the 22 cases where one patient dropped out. No wear of the dental antagonist was observed. Patient satisfaction was generally high. There was no significant difference in masticatory ability between the groups with and without PEEK crowns. The subject's occlusal force was within normal range. PEEK crowns on molars are highly therapeutic methods and can be fully used as a crown prosthetic material to replace metal.
Composition Dependence of Electronic, Elastic, and Polarization Properties of Wurtzite InxGa1-xN and CdxZn1-xO Ternary Alloys
Authors: BENBEDRA Abdesamed , MESKINE Said , ABBASSA Hamza , ABBES El Habib , BOUKORTT Abdelkader
Published: November 2021

We report the results of density functional theory calculations of several properties of wurtzite-structured InGaN and CdZnO alloys. It is shown that the investigated properties, including the internal parameter, bandgap, mechanical moduli, and electric polarization are nonlinear functions of alloy composition, as they deviate from the linear behavior predicted by Vegard’s law. Based on these results, InGaN and CdZnO are materials whose properties can be tuned via In and Cd concentrations. The spontaneous and piezoelectric polarizations considerably affect the properties of alloys-based devices due to the huge electric fields that build up at the heteroineterfaces. In this work we propose a method of controlling such fields by employing the composition dependence of the total polarization. We support this proposal by showing that, in the case of InGaN, an optimal alloy composition can be found that effectively reduces the polarization-induced electric fields, thereby improving the efficiency of optoelectronic applications.
Extra & Intravascular Ultrasound (E&IVUS) Guided Intervention for Femoropopliteal Arterial Occlusive Lesions.
Authors: Haraguchi Takuya , Sawada Nozomi , Tsujimoto Masanaga , Furuya Masato , Itai Saori , Takeuchi Tsuyoshi , Kashima Yoshifumi , Sato Katsuhiko , Fujita Tsutomu
Published: November 2021

Background: Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) shows vascular structures and positions of interventional devices in cross sectional-short axis to support interventions, especially for complex lesions. On the other hand, extravascular ultrasound (EVUS) visualizes the devices and vessel structures in long and short axis and reduces the radiation exposure by avoiding the use of fluoroscopy during guidewire manipulation. The images obtained from EVUS handling to guide the guidewire manipulation in both long and short axis is more difficult, time consuming, and stressful than IVUS, which is in short axis only. To solve this issue, we propose a novel guidewire crossing method in conjunctive with the use of both modalities, named “extra and intravascular ultrasound (E&IVUS)” guided intervention.Main text: This is the first report of a combined use of EVUS and IVUS for femoropopliteal occlusions. EVUS-guided intervention is mandatory to check the position of the device in long and short axis. However, the images of long axis are sometimes different from the original ones when EVUS is required to image from the short axis to the long axis. E&IVUS allows to dedicate EVUS to acquisition of the long axis and IVUS to the short axis view when confirming the device position. As a result, E&IVUS shortens the operation time and reduces the stress due to the manipulation of the probe to switch from the long to short axis image and vice versa. Moreover, we can accurately manipulate the guidewire to perform intimal tracking according to the information of EVUS long axis and the IVUS short axis images. Case involved a 76-year-old female with right superficial femoral artery occlusion was angiographically contrasted from a contralateral 6-Fr sheath. A hard wire supported with an over-the-wire typed IVUS was advanced into the CTO with EVUS and IVUS to confirm their positions until the guidewire crossing. We repeatedly performed this process, and all intimal tracking succeeded. The drug-coating balloons appropriately sized by IVUS measurement were deployed. Finally, a sufficient blood flow was achieved without complications.Conclusions: E&IVUS is a preferred strategy than using EVUS or IVUS alone. We should evaluate the clinical outcomes of this technique.
Transcranial Sonography with Clinical and Demographic Characteristics to Predict Cognitive Impairment in PD: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Chen Zhiguang , Zhang Wei , He Wen , Guang Yang , Yu Tengfei , Du Yue , Li Rui
Published: November 2021

Background
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease second only to Alzheimer’s disease and is clinically characterized by a series of motor and non-motor symptoms. The latter often appear before motor symptoms, while cognitive impairment mostly occurs within a few years after the diagnosis of PD. We Aimed to predict the risk factors of cognitive impairment in PD patients based on transcranial sonography, clinical symptoms, and demographic characteristics. Independent-sample t-test was used for continuous data, and chi-square test was used for countable data. According to the occurrence time of cognitive impairment (CI), 172 PD patients were divided into non-CI (N-CI, n=48), CI at the first treatment (F-CI, n=58), and CI at the last treatment (L-CI, n=66). The age of onset, first treatment and smoking history of CI patients were significantly different from those with N-CI. When age of first treatment ≥61 years was considered the boundary value to diagnose CI, the sensitivity and specificity were 77.40% and 66.70%, respectively. At the first treatment, there was significant difference in depression between F-CI and N-CI. At the last treatment, the cumulative and new or aggravated hypomnesia of L-CI was significantly more than that of N-CI. There was significant difference in TCS grading between the first- and last treatment in L-CI. Depression, sexual dysfunction, and olfactory dysfunction were independent risk factors for CI during the last treatment, while memory impairment was an independent risk factor for CI during the entire treatment. The sensitivity and specificity of predicting CI in PD patients were 81.80% and 64.60%, respectively. The older the age of onset and treatment of PD patients, the more likely they were to have CI. Hypomnesia, depression, sexual dysfunction, and olfactory dysfunction can be used as independent risk factors to predict CI in PD patients.
Nursing Students' Self-regulated Learning Skills for Online Learning
Authors: Tower Marion , Hyun Areum , Watson Bernadette , Bourke Alison , Drayton John , Osborne Debora
Published: November 2021

BackgroundUniversities have been working to adopt more flexible approaches to teaching and learning. New approaches have been accelerated by the coronavirus pandemic whereby university nursing programs have moved more learning into online environments to continue delivering education and supporting nursing students to progress in their study. However, there is significant evidence to suggest that many students remain comfortable with traditional methods of learning. Nursing students in particular prefer to learn by experience and reflection. An important attribute for online learning is related to students' self-regulated learning (SRL) skills. The aim of the study was to explore nursing students' SRL readiness for online learning environments. MethodsA convenience sample of one hundred and fifty undergraduate nursing students who were enrolled in the first year of nursing program participated in an online survey. The survey instrument was a Self-Directed Learning Instrument which had previously been used to measure the students' readiness for self-regulated learning.ResultsResults indicated that students were motivated to improve in their learning and enjoyed finding answers to questions. They also agreed that they continued learning even when they faced difficulties. In contrast, they often did not know what they had to learn; they struggled to manage their learning time, find learning resources, monitor their progress, and self-evaluate their learning outcomes. ConclusionsProviding opportunities to develop nursing students' metacognition is important. Activities such as goal setting and planning, developing time management and assessment strategies, and making explicit support channels for online learning, as well as providing opportunities for self-reflection and self-evaluation strategies to enhance SRL can support this.
Novel ratiometric fluorescent probe based on internal reference and its detection of hydrazine
Authors: Cheng Xiaohong , Li Shuang , Gong Mengyun , Wang Song , Li Wangnan
Published: November 2021

In this work, dual-emissive ratiometric fluorescent system was constructed by the introduction of an ideal internal reference. By virtue of its unique alkalinity, N 2 H 4 could undergo a hydrazinolysis reaction with the ester group of F1 , inducing remarkable fluorescence enhancement while the blue fluorescence of the internal reference DPA remained constant. Consequently, the fluorescence intensity ratios (I 540 /I 440 ) were proportional to the concentrations of N 2 H 4 , which was beneficial for the exactly quantitative detection. The skillful strategy granted the sensing system advantages such as relative good solubility in aqueous media, easy-to-design, simple synthesis, large emission shift, good ratiometric response, as well as the successful application in real water samples and cell imaging.
Suppression of Banana Fusarium Wilt Disease With Soil Microbial Mechanisms Via Pineapple Rotation and Residue Amendment
Authors: Yang Jinming , Shen Zongzhuan , Ren Xiangyu , Gao Wei , Wang Yutong , Liu Manyi , Hong Shan , Sun Mingze , Zhao Yan , Ruan Yunze , Wang Beibei
Published: November 2021

Aims The large outbreak of banana Fusarium wilt has become a bottleneck limiting the industry’s development, and crop rotation is a cost-effective and essential measure to overcome the obstacles of banana crop monoculture. The present work was carried out to explore the mechanisms of how changes in physicochemical properties and the reestablishment of soil microorganisms in high-incidence soils are affected by crop rotation and plant residue. Methods In this study, pineapple-banana crop rotation and pineapple residue amendment were used to alleviate banana Fusarium wilt, and their effects on bacterial and fungal communities were studied using the MiSeq Illumina sequencing platform. Results Both pineapple-banana rotation and residue addition significantly reduced disease incidence. Moreover, pineapple rotation and residue amendment altered the bacterial and fungal community composition. The taxonomic and phylogenetic alpha diversity of bacteria and fungi significantly increased against disease suppression and nutrition competition. The relative abundances of the Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, Elaphocordyceps, Penicillium, and Talaromyces genera were higher, and the number of Fusarium was significantly lower in rotational soil than in banana monoculture soil. Finally, linear models (LM) was used to show that the Burkholderia and Talaromyces in crop rotation, and Aspergillus in residue amendment have significant negative relationship to disease incidence, which plays a key role in Fusarium reduction. Conclusions To consider the economic benefits and protect the vitality of the soil, this study suggested that pineapple-banana rotation and pineapple residue amendment both could be considered for the sustainable management of banana wilt.
Matrine Reverses Multidrug Resistance in Eca-109/VCR Cells Via Inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liu Bo , Lin Shuxuan , Li Xiujuan , Liu Fengxi , Liu Junchao , Wang Na , Lv Yang
Published: November 2021

Objective To investigate the effect of matrine on multidrug resistance of Eca-100/VCR cells. Methods Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay was used to assess the cytotoxic activity of matrine to Eca-109/VCR cells and the sensitivity of cells to Vincristine (VCR). Then Eca-109/VCR cells were divided into four groups: control group, matrine group, VCR group and matrine combined with VCR group. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect P-gp protein expression. Western blot was used to detect MRP1, P-gp, Beclin 1, p62(SQSTM1), LC3, p-mTOR, p-Akt and p-p70S6K protein expression. MDR1 mRNA expression was detected by RT-qPCR. Transmission electron microscopy was used to detect the ultra structural changes. Results Matrine could reverse the resistance of Eca-109/VCR cells to VCR with a reversal index of 3.52. Compared with the other groups, the expression of LC3-II, Beclin 1 increased while P-gp, MRP1, p62(SQSTM1), p-mTOR, p-Akt and p-p70S6K significantly decreased in matrine+VCR group (P<0.05). The expression of MDR1 mRNA decreased in Eca-109/VCR cells treated with matrine, VCR or their combination. The number of autophagic vacuoles in Eca-109/VCR cells increased after matrine treatment. Conclusion Matrine has anticancer and anti multidrug resistance functions in Eca-100/VCR cells, and it may be produced by promoting autophagy which mediated through PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
Formation Control of Satellites in Low Earth Orbit by Using Moving Masses
Authors: Li Jianqing , Wen Shameng , Zhong Hua
Published: November 2021

This paper investigates a formation control technique based on the use of moving masses. First, the mechanism of the moving mass control is conducted to reveal the relation between the attitude and the offsets of moving masses. Then, to achieve the desired formation control, the aerodynamic force generated by the change of attitudes is used as the control input to implement the orbit control. The moving masses and magnetic torquers constitute a combined actuator to drive the satellite attitude. To deal with the offset saturation of moving masses, an adaptive controller is investigated. Finally, a simulation on two satellites formation is provided, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed method.
Comprehensive Genome-Wide Analysis of The Catalase Enzyme Toolbox In Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.)
Authors: Koubaa Rania Jbir , Ayadi Mariem , Saidi Mohamed Najib , Charfeddine Safa , Bouzid Radhia Gargouri , Nouri-Ellouz Oumèma
Published: November 2021

As antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT) protects organisms from oxidative stress via the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These enzymes play important roles in diverse biological processes. However, little is known about the CAT genes in potato plants despite its important economical rank of this crop in the world. Yet, abiotic and biotic stresses severely hinder growth and development of the plants which affects the production and quality of the crop. To define the possible roles of CAT genes under various stresses, a genome-wide analysis of CAT gene family has been performed in potato plant.In this study, the StCAT gene’s structure, secondary and 3D protein structure, physicochemical properties, synteny analysis, phylogenetic tree and also expression profiling under various developmental and environmental cues were predicted using bioinformatics tools. The expression analysis by RT-PCR was performed using commercial potato cultivar. Three genes encoding StCAT that code for three proteins each of size 492 aa, interrupted by seven introns have been identified in potatoes. StCAT proteins were found to be localized in the peroxisome which is judged as the main H2O2 cell production site during different processes. Many regulating cis-elements related to stress responses and plant hormones signaling were found in the promoter sequence of each gene. The analysis of motifs and phylogenetic trees showed that StCAT are closer to their homologous in S. lycopersicum and share a 41% – 95% identity with other plants’ CATs. Expression profiling revealed that StCAT1 is the constitutively expressive member; while StCAT2 and StCAT3 are the stress-responsive members.
Performance Enhancing of Galloping-based Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting by Exploiting 1:1 Internal Resonance of Magnetically Coupled Oscillators
Authors: Sun Wan , Guo Canzhi , Cheng Guanggui , He Shangwen , yang zhaorui , Ding Jianning
Published: November 2021

In this study, we introduced 1:1 internal resonance in a magnetically coupled 2-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) galloping-based piezoelectric energy harvester to improve the energy harvesting efficiency. The governing equations for the proposed magnetically coupled aero-electro-mechanical system considering the effect of oscillating wake are established using the extended Hamilton principle, and the method of multiple scale is exploited to obtain approximate analytical solutions. Parameter sweeping numerical calculation is conducted to validate the analytical prediction through comparing with analytical solutions, and the results show a good matching between them. In addition, we investigated the systematic dynamic behaviors under a pure oscillating wake induced 1:1 internal response. Typical nonlinear characteristics such as jump, hysteresis, frequency synchronization under varying design parameters appear in the present system. Especially, cusp bifurcation and synchronization regime of oscillating wake coupled nonlinear oscillator in \(\eta - {\Theta _w}\) plane and \(\sigma - {\Theta _w}\) plan. With an adoption of magnetic force, chaos happens as the gap distance decreases smaller than 5 mm, and a frequency lock-in phenomenon can be strengthened through adjusting the magnet distance. In the perspective of output performance, both of the voltage and power output results shows that the exploiting of 1:1 internal resonance can significantly improve the output performance under a suitable magnet distance.
Analysis of the Psychological States of the Scientific Expeditioners in Extreme Environment
Authors: Wang Jiayi , Li Haibin , Qu Lihong , WANG Tao , GAN Di , Liu Ye , Liu Wenjuan , Ji Jianlin
Published: November 2021

Background: To investigate the relationship among individuals’ mood, sleep and personality traits in a long-term polar environment.Methods: A total of 85 Arctic expedition team members were recruited in this study. In addition to personality assessment, they also completed assessments of anxiety, depression, and sleep at baseline, the second and eighth week. The rank sum test was used to compare the differences between mood and sleep at different time periods, and the generalized linear mixed model was used to explore the relations between personality and mood, as well as sleep.Results: The PHQ-9 scores showed a statistically significant difference between baseline and week 8. The PSQI scores showed a significant difference between baseline and week 2. At the same time, there was a significant difference between those who are married and those being single. Single individuals scored significantly lower on GAD-7 than married ones. The relationship between personality traits and PHQ-9 scores was statistically significant and individuals’ coping styles have an impact on their subjective sleep quality, sleep disturbance and daytime dysfunction. Conclusion: In the polar environment, over time, people's mood and sleep will be affected, and that is related to individual characteristics, personality and coping styles.
Comparison of MLC Positioning Deviations Using Log Files and Establishment of Specific Assessment Parameters for Different Accelerators With IMRT and VMAT
Authors: Lin Xiutong , Sun Tao , Liu Xiao , Zhang Guifang , Yin Yong
Published: November 2021

Background and purpose: The study evaluated the differences in leaf positioning deviations by the log files of three advanced accelerators with two delivery techniques, and established specific assessment parameters of leaf positioning deviations for different types of accelerators.Methods: A total of 300 treatment plans with 5 consecutive treatment log files were collected from the Trilogy, TrueBeam and Halcyon accelerators. 50 IMRT and 50 VMAT plans were selected randomly on each accelerator. The log files information was parsed by SunCheck software from Sun Nuclear Corporation. The maximum leaf RMS errors, 95th percentile errors and percentages of different leaf positioning errors were statistically analyzed. The correlations between these evaluation parameters and accelerator performance parameters (maximum leaf speed, mean leaf speed, gantry and arc angle) were analyzed.Results: The average maximum leaf RMS errors of the Trilogy in the IMRT and VMAT plans were 0.45±0.1mm and 0.80±0.07mm, respectively, which were higher than the TrueBeam's 0.03±0.01mm, 0.03±0.01 mm and the Halcyon's 0.06±0.01 mm, 0.07±0.01mm. Similar data results were shown in the 95th percentile error. The maximum leaf RMS errors were strongly correlated with the 95th percentile errors. The leaf positioning deviations in VMAT were higher than those in IMRT for all accelerators. In TrueBeam and Halcyon, leaf position errors above 1 mm were not found in IMRT and VMAT plans. The main influencing factor of leaf positioning deviation was the leaf speed, which has no correlation with gantry and arc angles.Conclusions: Compared with the quality assurance guidelines, the MLC positioning deviations tolerances of the three accelerators should be tightened. For both IMRT and VMAT techniques, the 95th percentile error and the maximum RMS error are suggested to be tightened to 1.5 mm and 1 mm for the Trilogy accelerator respectively. In TrueBeam and Halcyon accelerators, the 95th percentile error and maximum RMS error of 1 mm and 0.5 mm, respectively, are considered appropriate.
Exploiting Type I-B CRISPR Genome Editing System in Thermoanaerobacterium Aotearoense SCUT27 And Engineering The Strain For High-Level Ethanol Production
Authors: Dai Kaiqun , Fu Hongxin , Guo Xiaolong , Qu Chunyun , Wang Jufang
Published: November 2021

Background: Thermophilic microbes for biofuels and chemicals have attracted great attention due to their tolerance of high temperature and wide range of substrate utilization. Thermoanaerobacterium aotearoense SCUT27 has the ability of glucose and xylose co-utilization in lignocellulosic biomass. Polygene manipulation was a bottleneck since it was hindered by available markers for selection. In this study, the endogenous Type I-B CRISPR/Cas system was developed for multiplex genome editing in SCUT27. Results: The protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM) was identified by in silico and orotidine-5’-phosphate decarboxylase (pyrF) and then lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) were chosen as the editing target to assess the toxicity of this immune system and gene editing efficiency. The mutants could be repeatedly obtained with an editing efficiency of 58.3-100%. Higher transformation efficiency was observed after optimization of some editing strategies. Furthermore, a new method was performed for screening mutants of plasmid curing (recycling of the editing plasmid) for multiplex genome editing based on the negative selection marker tdk, and then ldh and arginine repressor (argR) were knocked out successively. The mutant SCUT27/Δldh/ΔargR had the prominent advantages over SCUT27 for ethanol production with enhanced ability to metabolize xylose. When cultured under various lignocellulosic hydrolysates, the mutant showed a satisfactory performance with the ethanol titer and yield improved by 147.42–739.40% and 112.67–267.89%, respectively, compared with SCUT27, as well as the enhanced tolerance to inhibitors.Conclusion: The multi-gene editing by native CRISPR/Cas system is a promising strategy to engineer SCUT27 for higher ethanol production with lignocellulosic hydrolysates.
QKI Promotes Hypoxia Induced Smooth Muscle Reprogramming in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Huang Huijie , Lin Donghai , Hu Li , Wang Jie , Yu Yanfang , Yu Youjia , Li Kai , Chen Feng
Published: November 2021

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a complex and progressive cardiopulmonary disorder with poor prognosis and limited therapeutic treatments. Recent evidence suggests that RNA binding proteins (RBPs) participate in the pathogenesis of human and experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension. Quaking (QKI) as an important RBPs is involved in mRNA biogenesis, export, decay and translation. However, the biological significance of QKI in phenotypic transformation of PASMCs in PH as well as in abnormal pulmonary vascular remodeling remain elusive. Methods: We assessed the expression pattern, phenotypic transformation effect, and mechanism of QKI in rodent Su/Hx-induced PH model, Human PAH samples and in HPASMCs.Results: Elevated protein expression level of QKI was found in animal PH and human PAH samples, thus in hypoxic HPASMCs. Inhibition of QKI attenuated proliferation and phenotype switching in HPASMCs. Mechanistically, QKI was found to mediate STAT3 mRNA stabilization by binding to its 3’Untranslated Region (3’-UTR). Downregulation of QKI attenuated STAT3 expression in PASMCs, while overexpression of STAT3 in PASMCs was widely regarded to be involved in the progression of PH. In addition, as a transcription factor, STAT3 was identified to bound to miR-146b promoter to induce its expression, while miR-146b was proved to promote smooth muscle reprogramming through inhibiting STAT1 and TET2 expression during pulmonary vascular remodeling.Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the QKI-STAT3-miR-146b pathway as a novel mechanistic insights into hypoxic reprogramming that permits vascular remodeling, and thus provides proof of concept for anti-remodeling therapy through the direct modulation this axis in PH.
Novel Absolute Rotary Position Sensor Based on Combination of Gray Scale Pattern Disc
Authors: Choe Ji Myong , Yu Nam Chol , Ri Nam Jin , An Mu Song , Kim Un Chol
Published: November 2021

Absolute rotary angular /position sensors play an important role in various applications and rapid development of new technologies requires further accurate measurement and control. In this paper, a novel, very simple, low-cost and high accurate absolute rotary angular/ position sensor is presented. The sensor operation is based on the combination of circular gradient gray scale and gray code pattern. A simple experiment is done in order to demonstrate proof of concept of proposed sensor. The experimental results show that the proposed absolute rotary angular/position sensor has excellent linear characteristics with accuracy below ±1° and resolution of 0.1° within the full measurement range from 0° to 360°. The proposed idea and experimental results can be helpful to design absolute rotary angular/position sensor to improve performance of it.
The Impact of the Surgical Apgar Score On Oncological Outcomes in Patients With Colorectal Cancer: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sugimoto Atsushi , Fukuoka Tatsunari , Nagahara Hisashi , Shibutani Masatsune , Iseki Yasuhito , Sasaki Maho , Okazaki Yuki , Maeda Kiyoshi , Ohira Masaichi
Published: November 2021

Background: The surgical Apgar score (SAS) predicts postoperative complications (POCs) following gastrointestinal cancer surgery. Recently, the SAS was reported to be a predictor of not only POCs but also the prognosis. However, the impact of the SAS on oncological outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been fully examined. The present study therefore explored the oncological significance of the SAS in patients with CRC.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 639 patients who underwent radical surgery for CRC. The SAS was calculated based on three intraoperative parameters: estimated blood loss, lowest mean arterial pressure and lowest heart rate. The optimal cut-off value of the SAS was determined by receiver operating characteristic curves. All patients were classified into 2 groups based on the SAS (≤6 and >6). The association of the SAS with the recurrence-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) was analyzed.Results: Univariate analyses revealed that a lower SAS (≤6) was significantly associated with a worse RFS, OS and CSS. A multivariate analysis revealed that age ≥75 years old, Charlson comorbidity index ≥1, ASA-Physical Status ≥3, SAS ≤6, histologically undifferentiated tumor type and an advanced pStage were independent factors for the OS, and an SAS ≤6 and advanced pStage were independent factors for the CSS.Conclusions: A lower SAS (≤6) was an independent prognostic factor for not only the OS but also the CSS in patients with CRC, suggesting that the SAS might be a useful biomarker predicting oncological outcomes in patients with CRC.
A mantle-source solution to the enigma of bimodal arc volcanism
Authors: Daczko Nathan , Chapman Timothy , Foerster Michael , Handley Heather , Foley Stephen
Published: November 2021

Silicate melts in arc environments are dominated by mafic (low-silica) and silicic (high-silica) compositions, often generating a characteristic bimodal pattern. We investigate the whole arc crust and show that the plutonic lower crust shares the bimodal pattern of melts from volcanoes. This key observation reveals that, contrary to some explanations of bimodal volcanism, variation in mantle source and mantle processes must fundamentally control bimodalism. We also recognise bimodalism in Th/La composition of the whole arc crust and suggest a new working hypothesis: bimodalism originates by melting of distinct sub-arc mantle sources, one dominated by relatively dry peridotite and the other by hydrous pyroxenite. The two groups of primary melts fractionate along distinct liquid lines of descent that lead to relatively dry mafic melts (Th/La~0.1) versus hydrous silicic melts (Th/La>0.2) by 65–80% fractional crystallisation. Common crustal processes such as crystal fractionation, assimilation, reactive flow and/or magma mixing may also lead to differentiation of both groups.
Big Data-oriented Wheel Position and Geometry Calculation for Cutting Tool Groove Manufacturing based on AI Algorithms
Authors: Guochao Li , Liu Zhigang , Lu Jie , Zhou Honggen , Sun Li
Published: November 2021

Groove is a key structure of high-performance integral cutting tools. It has to be manufactured by 5-axis grinding machine due to its complex spatial geometry and hard materials. The crucial manufacturing parameters (CMP) are grinding wheel positions and geometries. However, it is a challenging problem to solve the CMP for the designed groove. The traditional trial-and-error or analytical methods have defects such as time-consuming, limited-applying and low accuracy. In this study, the problem is translated into a multiple output regression model of groove manufacture (MORGM) based on the big data technology and AI algorithms. The input are 34 groove geometry features and the output are 5 CMP. Firstly, two groove machining big data sets with different range are established, each of which is includes 46656 records. They are used as data resource for MORGM. Secondly, 7 AI algorithms, including linear regression, k nearest-neighbor regression, decision trees, random forest regression, support vector regression and ANN algorithms are discussed to build the model. Then, 28 experiments are carried out to test the big data set and algorithms. Finally, the best MORGM is built by ANN algorithm and the big data set with a larger range. The results show that CMP can be calculated accurately and conveniently by the built MORGM.
KIF3A Inhibits NPC Proliferation, Migration and Invasion By Interacting With β-Catenin To Suppress Its Nuclear Accumulation
Authors: Hu Zhe , Meng Jinlan , Cai Hongbing , Ma Na , Gao Xiujie , Li Xiaojuan , Xu Yan
Published: November 2021

Background
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant epithelial tumour that is prevalent in Southern China and other Southeast Asian countries. In previous studies, Kinesin Family Member 3A (KIF3A) was shown to play a dual role in cancers. However, the biological role of KIF3A in NPC and the underlying mechanism have not been reported.
Methods
The KIF3A mRNA and protein expressions in NPC were analyzed by qRT-PCR (Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction), Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. CCK-8, EDU incorporation assay, Colony formation, cell cycle assay, Wound-Healing Assay, Transwell verified KIF3A regulates the proliferation, migration, invasion of NPC cells. The in vivo effect of KIF3A on proliferation was elucidated with a xenograft mouse model. COIP (Co-immunoprecipitation) assay showed KIF3A interacts with β-catenin. Confocal microscopy colocalization assay confirmed colocalization of KIF3A and β-catenin in NPC cells. Nuclear and cytoplasmic extraction assays were performed to analyze the distribution of β-catenin in the nuclei and cytoplasm.
Results
In this study, we found that KIF3A interacts with β-catenin, suppressing the intranuclear aggregation of β-catenin, then inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway as well as the downstream cell cycle factors and EMT signal to inhibit NPC proliferation, migration, and invasion.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that KIF3A interacts with β-catenin and attenuates the malignant progression of NPC by inhibiting β-catenin intranuclear aggregation. KIF3A may be a promising therapeutic target for NPC patients.
Aerial photogrammetry of seabirds from digital aerial video images using relative change in size to estimate flight height
Authors: Humphries Grant Richard Woodrow , Fail Tom , Watson Megan , Bickley Dayle , Peters-Grundy Ruth , Scott Martin , Keogan Katharine , Webb Andrew
Published: November 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Effects of Abdominal Aortic Calcification and Facet Joint Arthritis On Lumbar Bone Mineral Density Using Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry
Authors: Cho Minjoon , Kim Hong Seok , Choi Byung Sun , Lee Jae Hyup
Published: November 2021

Background Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) may overestimate lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) examined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA); however, the degree of effect of AAC on lumbar BMD has not been quantified. In particular, no study has quantitatively compared and analysed segmental BMD and AAC using computed tomography (CT) scan. Thus, this study aimed to quantify the effect of AAC on BMD measurements using DXA via multiple linear regression analysis. Methods This study retrospectively reviewed participants >30 years of age who underwent DXA and spinal CT scans between 2014 and 2016. Variables that significantly affected the BMD of each lumbar segment were identified. Additionally, segmental facet joint arthritis (FJA) and AAC volume were evaluated using CT. Results A total of 620 subjects (153 males and 467 females) were included. The mean age was 71.6 ± 9.1 years (range, 31–89 years). AAC had the highest prevalence in L3 (45.2%), followed by L4 (41.1%). The average volume of AAC was the highest in L4 at 213.67 ± 443.82 mm3, followed by L3 at 161.95 ± 338.09 mm3. Our regression model found that Ln (L4BMD) was significantly correlated with age, BMI, FJA, and AAC volume in female subjects. Additionally, L4 BMD might be overestimated by approximately 0.90% for every 100 mm3 increase in AAC volume. The results for Ln (L3BMD) were almost identical. However, these relationships were not observed in males. Conclusion According to this model, AAC may overestimate lumbar BMD examined by DXA in a dose-dependent manner in females.
Psychometrics of The Physical Health Attitude Scale in Taiwanese Mental Health Nurses: A Validation Study Authors’ Full Names
Authors: Tzeng Wen-Chii , Feng Hsin-Pei , Lin Chia-Huei , Chang Yue-Cune , Haddad Mark
Published: November 2021

Background
The Physical Health Attitude Scale (PHASe) is a reliable and valid scale for assessing mental health nurses’ attitude towards providing physical healthcare to patients diagnosed with serious mental illness.
Aims
To psychometrically evaluate the Chinese adaptation of the PHASe.
Methods
A total of 520 mental health nurses from 11 hospitals across Taiwan participated in this study. Brislin’s translation model was utilized for the validation process. Both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to establish the construct validity of the scale, and Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability were used to determine reliability.
Results
The four-factor 17-item Chinese version of the PHASe demonstrated satisfactory fit with significant factor loadings. Each factor had adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.70 to 0.80). Known-group validity was supported by the significant differences between groups with different attitudes.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the Chinese version of PHASe is acceptable for evaluating nurses’ attitude towards providing physical health care both within culturally Chinese societies and in cross-cultural studies.
Modification of Magnetic Graphene Oxide By An Earth-Friendly Deep Eutectic Solvent To Preconcentrate Ultratrace Amounts Pb(II) In Oil Seeds
Authors: Khah Melika Hejazi , Jamshidi Parastoo
Published: November 2021

The aim of this article is presenting an earth-friendly deep eutectic solvent (DES) to preconcentrate ultratrace amounts of Pb(II) prior to its quantification by flame atomic adsorption spectroscopy. The synthesis of adsorbent started by preparing graphene oxide according to the modified Hammer’s method, followed by magnetization by Fe3O4 nanohemispheres. Magnetic graphene oxide was dispersed in a mixture of LiCl and urea at 60° via ultrasonication. All the materials are environmentally-friendly and the preparation strategy is energy efficient. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, alternating gradient force magnetometer and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were applied to characterize the products. Graphene oxide has a large surface area and could be functionalized with DESs through π-π interaction and electrostatic force. Urea has active negative sites, which garb heavy metals due to the interaction between negative and positive agents. Accordingly, this adsorbent (UreaLiCl-mGO) could be offered as a capable adsorbent to preconcentrate ultratrace amounts of Pb(II). Conditions were optimized, and under the optimum situation, (a) limit of detection of 99 × 10-8 g L-1, (b) relative standard deviation (n=5) of 1.3%, (c) preconcentration factor of 100 (d) linearity of dynamic range of 5.0 × 10-6 – 23 × 10-6 g L-1, (e) durability of 6 months and (f) reusability of 7 times prove applicability of the adsorbent. The tests of selectivity, effect of interference ions, swelling property, isotherm of adsorption, kinetic of adsorption and thermodynamic of adsorption were completely investigated. Four different oil seeds were successfully applied as real samples.