bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epithelial apical glycosylation changes associated with thin endometrium in women with infertility - a pilot observational study
Authors: Ziganshina Marina M. , Dolgushina Nataliya V. , Kulikova Galina V. , Fayzullina Nafisa M. , Yarotskaya Ekaterina L. , Khasbiullina Nailia R. , Abdurakhmanova Nigora F. , Asaturova Aleksandra V. , Shchegolev Alexander I. , Dovgan Alina A. , Sukhikh Gennady T.
Published: May 2021

Background

Low endometrial receptivity is one of the major factors affecting successful implantation in assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Infertile patients with thin endometrium have a significantly lower cumulative clinical pregnancy rate than patients with normal endometrium. Molecular pathophysiology of low receptivity of thin endometrium remains understudied. We have investigated composition of glycocalyx of the apical surface of luminal and glandular epithelial cells in thin endometrium of infertile women.

Methods

Thirty-two patients with tubal-peritoneal infertility undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) were included in the study. Endometrial samples were obtained in a natural menstrual cycle. Patients were divided into two groups: patients with normal endometrium (≥8 mm) and with thin endometrium (< 8 mm). Histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded endometrial samples was performed using six biotinylated lectins (UEA-I, MAL-II, SNA, VVL, ECL, Con A) and anti-LeY and MECA-79 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs).

Results

Complex glycans analysis taking into account the adjusted specificity of glycan-binding MAbs revealed 1.3 times less expression of MECA-79 glycans on the apical surface of the luminal epithelial cells of thin endometrium compared to normal endometrium; this deficiency may adversely affect implantation, since MECA-79 glycans are a ligand of L-selectin and mediate intercellular interactions. The glycans containing a type-2 unit Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ (LacNAc) but lacking sulfo-residues at 6-OH of GlcNAcβ, and binding to MECA-79 MAbs were found; they can be considered as potential markers of endometrium receptivity.

Expression of the lectins-stained glycans on the apical surfaces of the luminal and glandular epithelial cells did not differ significantly. Correlation between the expression of difucosylated oligosaccharide LeY on the apical surfaces of the luminal and glandular epithelial cells was found in patients with thin endometrium and recurrent implantation failure. A similar relationship was shown for mannose-rich glycans.

Conclusions

Specific features of key glycans expression in epithelial compartments of thin endometrium may be essential for morphogenesis of the endometrial functional layer and explain its low receptivity.
Extracellular microRNAs: key players to explore the outcomes of in vitro fertilization
Authors: Khan Haroon Latif , Bhatti Shahzad , Abbas Sana , Kaloglu Celal , Isa Ahmed M. , Younas Hooria , Ziders Rachel , Khan Yousaf Latif , Hassan Zahira , Turhan Bilgün Oztürk , Yildiz Aysegul , Aydin Hikmet Hakan , Kalyan Ender Yalcinkaya
Published: May 2021

Background

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that modulate post-transcriptional gene regulation. They are often used as promising non-invasive biomarkers for the early diagnosis of cancer. However, their roles in assisted reproduction are still unknown.

Methods

This prospective study was designed to evaluate the expression profiles of seven extracellular miRNAs (miR-7-5p, miR-202-5p, miR-378-3p, miR-224, miR-320a, miR-212-3p, and miR-21-5p) in human follicular fluid (FF) to explore the outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF). Of 255 women, 145 were without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and their ovarian assets were normal (NOR), while 110 were with normo-androgenic PCOS.

Results

The combination of six FF miRNAs expression profile discriminated between PCOS and NOR women with a sensitivity of 79.2% and a specificity of 87.32% (AUC = 0.881 [0.61; 0.92], p = 0.001). MiR-202-5p significantly had a lower abundance level, and miR-378-3p had a high abundance level in pooled FF samples from patients treated with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) than those treated with recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH) (p < 0.001). Our results showed that miRNA-320a was significantly different in top-quality embryos versus non-top-quality embryos on day 3 in NOR patients with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 71%, (AUC = [0.753 (0.651; 0.855)], p = 0.001). For clinical pregnancy outcome prediction, FF miRNA-21 exhibited high sensitivity (74.8%) and specificity (83.7%) with the AUC value of 0.774 (0.682; 0.865).

Conclusion

Conclusively, our results provide evidence that miR-7-5p, miR-378-3p, miR-224, miR-212-3p were a differentially high expression in normo-androgenic PCOS patients than NOR patients. While miRNA-320a was significantly different in top-quality embryos versus non-top-quality embryos on day 3 (p = 0.001). The expression level of FF miR-212-3p was significantly related to the probability of embryos to develop into a high-quality blastocyst in patients with normal ovarian reserve.
Splicing factor SRSF1 promotes breast cancer progression via oncogenic splice switching of PTPMT1
Authors: Du Jun-Xian , Luo Yi-Hong , Zhang Si-Jia , Wang Biao , Chen Cong , Zhu Gui-Qi , Zhu Ping , Cai Cheng-Zhe , Wan Jing-Lei , Cai Jia-Liang , Chen Shi-Ping , Dai Zhi , Zhu Wei
Published: May 2021

Background

Intensive evidence has highlighted the effect of aberrant alternative splicing (AS) events on cancer progression when triggered by dysregulation of the SR protein family. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanism in breast cancer (BRCA) remains elusive. Here we sought to explore the molecular function of SRSF1 and identify the key AS events regulated by SRSF1 in BRCA.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the expression and clinical correlation of SRSF1 in BRCA based on the TCGA dataset, Metabric database and clinical tissue samples. Functional analysis of SRSF1 in BRCA was conducted in vitro and in vivo. SRSF1-mediated AS events and their binding motifs were identified by RNA-seq, RNA immunoprecipitation-PCR (RIP-PCR) and in vivo crosslinking followed by immunoprecipitation (CLIP), which was further validated by the minigene reporter assay. PTPMT1 exon 3 (E3) AS was identified to partially mediate the oncogenic role of SRSF1 by the P-AKT/C-MYC axis. Finally, the expression and clinical significance of these AS events were validated in clinical samples and using the TCGA database.

Results

SRSF1 expression was consistently upregulated in BRCA samples, positively associated with tumor grade and the Ki-67 index, and correlated with poor prognosis in a hormone receptor-positive (HR+) cohort, which facilitated proliferation, cell migration and inhibited apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. We identified SRSF1-mediated AS events and discovered the SRSF1 binding motif in the regulation of splice switching of PTPMT1. Furthermore, PTPMT1 splice switching was regulated by SRSF1 by binding directly to its motif in E3 which partially mediated the oncogenic role of SRSF1 by the AKT/C-MYC axis. Additionally, PTPMT1 splice switching was validated in tissue samples of BRCA patients and using the TCGA database. The high-risk group, identified by AS of PTPMT1 and expression of SRSF1, possessed poorer prognosis in the stage I/II TCGA BRCA cohort.

Conclusions

SRSF1 exerts oncogenic roles in BRCA partially by regulating the AS of PTPMT1, which could be a therapeutic target candidate in BRCA and a prognostic factor in HR+ BRCA patient.
PEPPRO: quality control and processing of nascent RNA profiling data
Authors: Smith Jason P. , Dutta Arun B. , Sathyan Kizhakke Mattada , Guertin Michael J. , Sheffield Nathan C.
Published: May 2021

Nascent RNA profiling is growing in popularity; however, there is no standard analysis pipeline to uniformly process the data and assess quality. Here, we introduce PEPPRO, a comprehensive, scalable workflow for GRO-seq, PRO-seq, and ChRO-seq data. PEPPRO produces uniformly processed output files for downstream analysis and assesses adapter abundance, RNA integrity, library complexity, nascent RNA purity, and run-on efficiency. PEPPRO is restartable and fault-tolerant, records copious logs, and provides a web-based project report. PEPPRO can be run locally or using a cluster, providing a portable first step for genomic nascent RNA analysis.
The oleaginous astaxanthin-producing alga Chromochloris zofingiensis: potential from production to an emerging model for studying lipid metabolism and carotenogenesis
Authors: Zhang Yu , Ye Ying , Bai Fan , Liu Jin
Published: May 2021

The algal lipids-based biodiesel, albeit having advantages over plant oils, still remains high in the production cost. Co-production of value-added products with lipids has the potential to add benefits and is thus believed to be a promising strategy to improve the production economics of algal biodiesel. Chromochloris zofingiensis, a unicellular green alga, has been considered as a promising feedstock for biodiesel production because of its robust growth and ability of accumulating high levels of triacylglycerol under multiple trophic conditions. This alga is also able to synthesize high-value keto-carotenoids and has been cited as a candidate producer of astaxanthin, the strongest antioxidant found in nature. The concurrent accumulation of triacylglycerol and astaxanthin enables C. zofingiensis an ideal cell factory for integrated production of the two compounds and has potential to improve algae-based production economics. Furthermore, with the advent of chromosome-level whole genome sequence and genetic tools, C. zofingiensis becomes an emerging model for studying lipid metabolism and carotenogenesis. In this review, we summarize recent progress on the production of triacylglycerol and astaxanthin by C. zofingiensis. We also update our understanding in the distinctive molecular mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism and carotenogenesis, with an emphasis on triacylglycerol and astaxanthin biosynthesis and crosstalk between the two pathways. Furthermore, strategies for trait improvements are discussed regarding triacylglycerol and astaxanthin synthesis in C. zofingiensis.
Auditory exostosis in Australian warm water surfers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Simas Vini , Hing Wayne , Rathbone Evelyne , Pope Rodney , Climstein Mike
Published: May 2021

Background

Surfing is a popular sport in Australia, accounting for nearly 10% of the population. External auditory exostosis (EAE), also referred to as surfer’s ear, is recognized as a potentially serious complication of surfing. Cold water (water temperature below 19 °C) is a commonly cited risk factor, with prevalence of EAE in cold water surfers ranging from 61 to 80%.

However, there is a paucity of studies reporting the prevalence of EAE in surfers exposed to water temperatures above 19 °C. With mean water temperature ranging from 19 °C to 28 °C, the Gold Coast region of Australia provides the ideal environment to assess the main goal of this study: to assess the prevalence and severity of EAE in warm water surfers.

Methods

Eligible participants were surfers living and surfing on the Gold Coast (Queensland, Australia). Currently active surfers over 18 years of age, surfing year-round, with a minimum of five consecutive years of surfing experience were recruited to participate. Included individuals were asked to complete a questionnaire and underwent bilateral otoscopy.

Results

A total of 85 surfers were included, with mean age 52.1 years (standard deviation [SD] ±12.6 years) and mean surfing experience of 35.5 years (SD ±14.7 years). Nearly two-thirds of participants (65.9%) had regular otological symptoms, most commonly water trapping (66%), hearing loss (48.2%), and cerumen impaction (35.7%). Less than one-fifth of the surfers (17.7%) reported regular use of protective equipment for EAE. The overall prevalence of exostosis was 71.8%, with most of the individuals having bilateral lesions (59%) and a mild grade (grade 1, 47.5%). There was insufficient evidence for any significant associations between the main outcomes (presence and severity of EAE) and factors related to age, surfing experience, winter exposure, surfing ability, symptoms, and use of protective equipment.

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study assessing EAE in surfers exposed to warm waters (above 19 °C). The prevalence of 71.8% highlights the high prevalence of the condition in the surfing population, regardless of water temperature. Future research should focus on ways to prevent EAE.
Evaluation of the inter and intraobserver reproducibility of the GRASP method: a goniometric method to measure the isolated glenohumeral range of motion in the shoulder joint
Authors: Ruiz Ibán Miguel Angel , Alonso Güemes Susana , Ruiz Díaz Raquel , Asenjo Gismero Cristina Victoria , Lorente Gomez Alejandro , Diaz Heredia Jorge
Published: May 2021

Purpose

To evaluate the intra and interobserver reproducibility of a new goniometric method for evaluating the isolated passive range of motion of the glenohumeral joint in an outpatient setting.

Methods

This is a prospective observational study on healthy subjects. The Glenohumeral ROM Assessment with Scapular Pinch (GRASP) method is a new method for assessing the isolated range of motion (ROM) of the glenohumeral joint (GH) by a single examiner with a clinical goniometer. It measures the isolated glenohumeral passive abduction (GH-AB), passive external rotation (GH-ER) and internal rotation (GH-IR) with the arm at 45º of abduction.

These three GH ROM parameters were measured in both shoulders of 30 healthy volunteers (15 males/15 females, mean age:41.6[SD = 10.3] years). The full shoulder passive abduction, passive external rotation and internal rotation 45º of abduction were measured by the same examiners with a goniometer for comparison. One examiner made two evaluations and a second examiner made a third one. The primary outcome was the intra- and interobserver reproducibility of the measurements assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and the Bland–Altman plot.

Results

The intra-observer ICC for isolated glenohumeral ROM were: 0.84 ± 0.07 for GH-ABD, 0.63 ± 0.09 for GH-ER, and 0.61 ± 0.14 for GH-IR. The inter-observer ICC for isolated glenohumeral ROM were: 0.86 ± 0.06 for GH-ABD, 0.68 ± 0.12 for GH-ER, and 0.62 ± 0.14 for GH-IR. These results were similar to those obtained for full shoulder ROM assessment with a goniometer.

Conclusion

The GRASP method is reproducible for quick assessment of isolated glenohumeral ROM.

Level of evidence

III
Severe hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a report of two cases
Authors: Affinati Alison H. , Wallia Amisha , Gianchandani Roma Y.
Published: May 2021

Background

Severe insulin resistance is an uncommon finding in patients with type 2 diabetes but is often associated with difficult to managing blood glucose. While severe insulin resistance is most frequently seen in the setting of medication side effects or rare genetic conditions, this report of two cases highlights the presence of severe insulin resistance in the setting of severe COVID-19 and explores how this may contribute to the poor prognosis of patients with diabetes who become infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Case presentation

Here we present the cases of two African-American women with pre-existing type 2 diabetes who developed severe COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation and concurrent severe insulin resistance with total daily insulin dose requirements of greater than 5 unit/kg. Both patients received aggressive insulin infusion and subcutaneous insulin therapy to obtain adequate glucose management. As their COVID-19 clinical course improved, their severe insulin resistance improved as well.

Conclusions

The association between critical illness and hyperglycemia is well documented in the literature, however severe insulin resistance is not commonly identified and may represent a unique clinical feature of the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 infection and type 2 diabetes.
Microscopic study of potential toxic effects of monosodium glutamate on liver of chicken embryos aged 16 days
Authors: Al-Ghamdi Fawzyah A.
Published: May 2021

Background

This experimental study aimed to determine the changes caused by monosodium glutamate (MSG) on morphology and histology of liver of chicken embryos aged 16 days of incubation. In this research, 50 fertilized eggs were used. They were divided into two equal groups, one group was used as control with normal liver structure, while the other group (MSG) was treated with MSG in 0 day of incubation (0.1ml/egg).

Results

The results showed many harmful effects on hepatic cells, blood sinusoids, and bile ducts in MSG group. These changes included alterations in nuclei conformation and nuclear envelope. Chromatin distribution was associated with increased electronic intensity. Also, there were rupture in smooth endoplasm systems and malfunction of mitochondria and Golgi apparatus, with increased lysosomes and lipid droplets.

Conclusions

This study concluded that MSG had severe toxic effects on liver structure if it was given in pre-conception period as this period is considered critical for liver growth (organogenesis).
Spine Bone Texture Assessed by Trabecular Bone Score in Active and Controlled Acromegaly: A Prospective Study
Authors: Sala E , Malchiodi E , Carosi G , Verrua E , Cairoli E , Ferrante E , Filopanti M , Eller-Vainicher C , Ulivieri F M , Spada A , Arosio M , Chiodini I , Mantovani G
Published: May 2021

Context

Acromegalic patients have an increased vertebral fracture (VFx) risk due to bone quality reduction, independently of bone mineral density (BMD).

Objective

The aim of the study is to describe bone quality in acromegaly, measured by trabecular bone score (TBS), a noninvasive index for assessing bone microarchitecture.

Methods

We collected data from 18 patients (13 female, age 56.2 ± 15 years) newly diagnosed with acromegaly. Thirty-six age- and sex-matched healthy controls were also recruited. Pituitary function, bone and calcium-phosphorous metabolism, and BMD at spine and femur and TBS (by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) were assessed in acromegalic patients at diagnosis and 12 months after the achievement of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) normalization.

Results

At diagnosis, BMD and the VFx prevalence were comparable between patients and controls (28.3 ± 5.9 vs 27.6 ± 3.7 and 11% vs 8.3%), whereas TBS was significantly lower in acromegalic patients (1.20 ± 0.13 vs 1.30 ± 0.06; P < .001) and carboxyterminal telopeptide (CTX) and osteocalcin were significantly higher compared to controls (707 ± 365.7 vs 371 ± 104.1 pg/mL; P = .001 and 31.6 ± 15.4 vs 17.0 ± 5.7 ng/mL; P = .001, respectively). One year after IGF-1 normalization, a significant reduction of bone turnover indexes was observed in the group of acromegalic patients surgically cured (osteocalcin decrease of 61.2%, CTX decrease of 60.3%) compared to the ones controlled by medical therapy (osteocalcin decrease of 39%, CTX decrease of 40.7%; P = .01 and P = .001, respectively). Despite these findings, no TBS or BMD variations were observed.

Conclusion

Acromegalic patients have impaired bone quality despite normal density. Achieving normal growth hormone secretion rapidly leads to the normalization of bone turnover.
Pharmacogenomic Effects of β-Blocker Use on Femoral Neck Bone Mineral Density
Authors: Nevola Kathleen T , Nagarajan Archana , Hinton Alexandra C , Trajanoska Katerina , Formosa Melissa M , Xuereb-Anastasi Angela , van der Velde Nathalie , Stricker Bruno H , Rivadeneira Fernando , Fuggle Nicholas R , Westbury Leo D , Dennison Elaine M , Cooper Cyrus , Kiel Douglas P , Motyl Katherine J , Lary Christine W
Published: May 2021

Context

Recent studies have shown that β-blocker (BB) users have a decreased risk of fracture and higher bone mineral density (BMD) compared to nonusers, likely due to the suppression of adrenergic signaling in osteoblasts, leading to increased BMD. There is also variability in the effect size of BB use on BMD in humans, which may be due to pharmacogenomic effects.

Objective

To investigate potential single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) associated with the effect of BB use on femoral neck BMD, we performed a cross-sectional analysis using clinical data, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and genetic data from the Framingham Heart Study’s (FHS) Offspring Cohort. We then sought to validate our top 4 genetic findings using data from the Rotterdam Study, the BPROOF Study, the Malta Osteoporosis Fracture Study (MOFS), and the Hertfordshire Cohort Study.

Methods

We used sex-stratified linear mixed models to determine SNVs that had a significant interaction effect with BB use on femoral neck (FN) BMD across 11 gene regions. We also evaluated the association of our top SNVs from the FHS with microRNA (miRNA) expression in blood and identified potential miRNA-mediated mechanisms by which these SNVs may affect FN BMD.

Results

One variation (rs11124190 in HDAC4) was validated in females using data from the Rotterdam Study, while another (rs12414657 in ADRB1) was validated in females using data from the MOFS. We performed an exploratory meta-analysis of all 5 studies for these variations, which further validated our findings.

Conclusion

This analysis provides a starting point for investigating the pharmacogenomic effects of BB use on BMD measures.
Management of Thyrotoxicosis Induced by PD1 or PD-L1 Blockade
Authors: Brancatella Alessandro , Lupi Isabella , Montanelli Lucia , Ricci Debora , Viola Nicola , Sgrò Daniele , Antonangeli Lucia , Sardella Chiara , Brogioni Sandra , Piaggi Paolo , Molinaro Eleonora , Bianchi Francesca , Aragona Michele , Antonuzzo Andrea , Sbrana Andrea , Lucchesi Maurizio , Chella Antonio , Falcone Alfredo , del Prato Stefano , Elisei Rossella , Marcocci Claudio , Caturegli Patrizio , Santini Ferruccio , Latrofa Francesco
Published: May 2021

Context

Thyrotoxicosis is a common immune-related adverse event in patients treated with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD1) or programmed cell death protein ligand-1 (PD-L1) blockade. A detailed endocrinological assessment, including thyroid ultrasound and scintigraphy, is lacking, as are data on response to treatment and follow-up.

Objective

The aim of this study was to better characterize the thyrotoxicosis secondary to immune checkpoint inhibitors, gaining insights into pathogenesis and treatment.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study of 20 consecutive patients who had normal thyroid function before starting immunotherapy and then experienced thyrotoxicosis on PD1 or PD-L1 blockade. Clinical assessment was combined with thyroid ultrasound, 99mtechnecium scintiscan, and longitudinal thyroid function tests.

Results

Five patients had normal or increased scintigraphic uptake (Sci+), no serum antibodies against the thyrotropin receptor, and remained hyperthyroid throughout follow-up. The other 15 patients had no scintigraphic uptake (Sci–) and experienced destructive thyrotoxicosis followed by hypothyroidism (N = 9) or euthyroidism (N = 6). Hypothyroidism was more readily seen in those with normal thyroid volume than in those with goiter (P = .04). Among Sci– individuals, a larger thyroid volume was associated with a longer time to remission (P < .05). Methimazole (MMI) was effective only in Sci+ individuals (P < .05).

Conclusion

Administration of PD1- or PD-L1–blocking antibodies may induce 2 different forms of thyrotoxicosis that appear similar in clinical severity at onset: a type 1 characterized by persistent hyperthyroidism that requires treatment with MMI, and a type 2, characterized by destructive and transient thyrotoxicosis that evolves to hypothyroidism or euthyroidism. Thyroid scintigraphy and ultrasound help in differentiating and managing these 2 forms of iatrogenic thyrotoxicosis.
The Development of Emotional Intelligence in the Process of Creative Activity of Primary School Students in Reading Lessons
Authors:   T. H. Shevchenko National University ", Barnych Oksana ,   Chernihiv Colehium", Kravchenko Iryna ,   T. H. Shevchenko National University "Chernihiv Colehium", Turchyna Iryna ,   T. H. Shevchenko National University "Chernihiv Colehium"
Published: May 2021

The article highlights the problem of the importance of developing emotional intelligence in the process of creative activity of primary school students in reading lessons. The essence of the concept of «emotional competence» in the context of psychological and pedagogical science has been characterised. The necessity of developing emotional intelligence of primary school students during the educational process based on their mental, physiological characteristics and individual needs has been proven. The expediency of using the forms of work aimed at making a creative product as one of the means of developing emotional intelligence of primary school students has been characterized. A brief description of these forms and features of application in reading lessons at the NUS has been presented. In addition, we have given optional exercises that can be used by the teacher additionally as the preparatory ones. The role of creative activity of schoolchildren is determined as a way to increase children’s self-esteem and interest. Specific examples of the results of creative activity of primary school students (presentation, staging of a literary work, a newspaper, a book, an illustrative collage, a poster, an exhibition, video advertising, a comic book magazine, etc.) have been outlined.
Didactic Tools of Museum Pedagogy as an Element for the Formation of the New Educational Space
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Karamanov Oleksii
Published: May 2021

The article considers various types of didactic museum tools used in organizing museum and pedagogical activities with schoolchildren and students. High-quality design of museum work is impossible without the development of teaching tools that improve the quality and effectiveness of educational activities in the museum space. The author addresses the means of museum pedagogy as elements of didactic support, objects of material and spiritual culture, which contributes to the effective implementation of the museum and pedagogical process, acts as a powerful information resource for the reconstruction and actualization of the cultural heritage of the past. The main audio-visual didactic means in the space of the museum have been highlighted and analysed – museum promo videos; museum audio guides and QR codes; virtual mobile devices and applications; museum films; museum performances-improvisations; museum presentations, didactic mini-posters; museum posters; game table (wall, floor) maps; museum game and interactive guides; museum passports; route sheets of activity («work maps»); workbooks. The author emphasizes that the peculiarity of the use of didactic tools in the space of the museum can be their technological nature, in particular, availability, rationality, time saving, and certain algorithmic character. The author draws attention to the importance of didactic museum tools in the context of the formation of the new educational space, focuses on modern educational paradigms, the humanistic nature of teaching and education, an individual approach to schoolchildren and university students.
Training of Future Teachers by Means of Innovative Technologies in the Process of Studying Pedagogical Disciplines
Authors:   State Higher Educational Institution ", Onyshchenko Nataliіa ,   Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi Hryhorii Skovoroda State Pedagogical University"
Published: May 2021

The article reveals the features of training future teachers by means of innovative technologies in the process of studying pedagogical disciplines. The article describes innovative pedagogical technologies that are being intensively introduced in modern higher education institutions (distance learning technologies (most relevant in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic), a credit-modular system for organizing training, game, information and computer, interactive, multimedia, dialogue and communication, project technologies, technology of problem learning, etc.). It has been established that among the pedagogical technologies used in the study of pedagogical disciplines, multimedia technologies are very popular. It is emphasized that the training methodology, case method and portfolio method help the formation of communicative skills, the creation of a benevolent atmosphere of communication in practical and seminar lessons. It has been determined that the design technology provides for a systematic and consistent modelling of solutions to problem situations that require research efforts from the participants in the educational process aimed at research and design of the best ways to create projects, their defence and analysis of the results. It has been noted that Internet projects and cloud technologies (Google Apps, Office 365 services, file storage, electronic literature, web applications and distance learning support systems Moodle and Blackboard) are relevant in the study of pedagogical disciplines, which are aimed at increasing the level of students’ speech skills and help to learn to receive a significant amount of information.
Practical Experience in the Formation of Gender Culture of Social Specialists in Non-formal Adult Education
Authors:   MI ", Beloliptseva Olena ,   Kharkiv Humanitarian and Pedagogical Academy",   of the Kharkiv Regional Council
Published: May 2021

The article reveals experience of non-formal gender education of social workers in terms of introduction of a gender-sensitive approach. We have analyzed scientific works in relation to the concept of gender culture, and have given the author’s definition of «gender culture of social specialists» as a special system of professional skills realization, which is actualized through the complex of formed appropriate intellectual, value-based, motivational and behavioral characteristics. They are based on the knowledge of gender theory, the development of mental needs, learned values and rules of gender-based behavior in line with the gender parity and democracy. The experience of implementing an innovative pilot partnership project «Gender Open University» has been described. We have analyzed the experience of the Center for Gender Education, which is a research department of an academy that provides scientific and practical assistance to social workers, social pedagogues, schoolteachers and students of higher educational institutions in the introduction of ideas of gender equality in professional activities. It has been determined that such a department provides a wide range of opportunities for educational professionals who work in different social areas.
Analytical and Optimization Study of Propagation and Reduction of Wave in Granular Sand by DEM Method
Authors: Petrudi Amin Moslemi , Rahmani Masoud
Published: May 2021

In this research, the discrete element method has been used to analyze wave propagation and to investigate the factors affecting wave reduction in granular soils. The method of discrete elements is important because of the possibility of preparing completely similar specimens and examining the effect of changes in a certain parameter on the Behavior of the specimens. This method also provides an understanding of the changes that have occurred at the micro-scale of granular materials that are not achievable with other laboratory and numerical methods. To model the specimens, a set of disks with specific granulation has been used for two-dimensional studies. PFC 2D software has been used to perform simulations and related analyzes such as interparticle force. The DEM code in MATLAB is used to check the wave depreciation. In this research, the optimization process was performed using experimental data and the Taguchi method using the DEM method. The results of this study show that there is a direct relationship between the number of particle set contacts and the wave propagation speed. Also, material properties such as particle density are the most important parameters affecting wave velocity. The results of the method (DEM) are done with PFC 2D software and a comparison between the results of this method with the solution methods used by other researchers is shown to be a good match.
A Digital Displacement Hydrostatic Wind-turbine Transmission
Authors: Rampen Win , Dumnov Daniil , Taylor Jamie , Dodson Henry , Hutcheson John , Caldwell Niall
Published: May 2021

In 1984 a hydrostatic wind-turbine transmission with ‘secondary control’ was proposed by Stephen Salter using the, then only conceptual, Digital Displacement® (DD) principle for controlling the flow of the primary, rotor-driven, ring-cam pump. This transmission ‘could achieve the correct ratio of tip-speed to wind-speed in conjunction with true synchronous generation’.

In the following years DD machines were progressively developed. To start with they were relatively small in capacity but the power ratings were systematically increased, until it seemed that a high-power hydrostatic wind-turbine transmission might indeed be feasible. In 2006, Artemis Intelligent Power (Artemis), a company that had been formed from Salter's original university team, began working on a megawatt-scale, hydrostatic, wind-turbine transmission based on new pump and motor designs. In 2011 Artemis completed a 1.5 MW transmission and dynamometer test-rig. This was one of the largest hydraulic transmissions ever made and, with a shaft-to-shaft efficiency of 93%, one of the most efficient. Using secondary control to respond rapidly to gusting wind and to instantaneous grid faults, it was also the most controllable. This paper discusses the design of the transmission and test-rig and presents the results of steady-state efficiency tests. Subsequent papers will describe systematic experimental work to account for the various energy losses and to develop a comprehensive simulation model of the DD wind-transmission.
LoRaWAN Firmware Update Over-The-Air (FUOTA)
Authors: Catalano Julien
Published: May 2021

Firmware Update is a key feature for IoT, especially for LPWA end-devices with 10+ years of lifetime. LoRaWAN Firmware Update Over-The-Air is a set of application layer specifications, including Multicast Setup, Fragmentation, Clock Synchronization, Firmware Management as well as Multi-Package Access, enabling the delivery and management services of firmware updates to several end-devices.
LoRa-Alliance Regional Parameters Overview
Authors: Kjendal Dave
Published: May 2021

The LoRaWAN® Regional Parameters specification defines the adaptation of the LoRaWAN® Link Layer specification to comply with the various regulations enforced throughout the world on the use of various frequency bands of unlicensed spectrum which are available. It defines default values for Link Layer parameters and channel plans. Each of the regional channel plans can be broadly characterized as dynamic channel plans, with a small number of default channels, or fixed channel plans, where all channels are defined then selectively activated by the network. Regional parameters are defined for a vast majority of countries in the world, using 9 main channel plans, and support for additional countries is regularly added.
Climate Smart Dry Chain for Food and Nutrition Security in Nepal
Authors: Poudel Durga D. , Belbase Krishna , Boevre Marthe De , Saeger Sarah De , Dahal Peetambar
Published: May 2021

Global efforts to feed the burgeoning population have focused on increasingfood production and access. In the meantime, FAO estimates about 1/3 foodloss in the developing countries. To minimize these losses, grain storagetechniques were investigated in an earthquake hit village in Kavre district ofNepal. Pesticide free moisture proof/airtight food storage bags were providedto 1,055 households using financial s upport f rom U NICEF-Nepal. Thirty-three households were identified w ho c ould s tore f ood g rains f or 6-monthfor this study. Maize and rice grains were stored in porous and in moisture-proof hermetic bags. Food grain samples were collected at the beginning andat 6-month and were analyzed for physical quality parameters, nutrients andmycotoxins. About 92% insect damage occurred in maize stored in porousbags which was prevented in triple layer hermetic Purdue Improved CowpeaStorage (PICS) bags. Insect damage in paddy remained low within 10% inboth treatments. Major maize nutrient loss occurred through insect damage.The traditional practice was to use insect and mold infested maize as feed.Mycotoxins results showed that toxigenic molds develop in open storage
Real Power Loss Reduction by Billfish and Red Mullet Optimization Algorithms
Authors: Kanagasabai Lenin
Published: May 2021

In this paper Billfish Optimization Algorithm (BOA) and Red Mullet Optimization (RMO) Algorithm has been designed for voltage stability enhancement and power loss reduction. Electrical Power is one among vital need in the society and also it plays lead role in formation of smart cities. Continuous power supply is essential and mainly quality of the power should be maintained in good mode. In this work real power loss reduction is key objective. Natural hunting actions of Billfish over pilchards are utilized to model the algorithm. Candidate solutions in the projected algorithm are Billfish and population in the exploration space is arbitrarily engendered. Movement of Billfish is high, it will attack the pilchards vigorously and it can’t escape from the attack done by the group of Billfish. Then in this paper Red Mullet Optimization (RMO) Algorithm is proposed to solve optimal reactive power problem. Projected RMO algorithm modeled based on the behavior and characteristics of red mullet. As a group they hunt for the prey and in each group there will be chaser and blocker. When the prey approaches any one of the blocker red mullet then automatically it will turn as new chaser. So roles will interchangeable and very much flexible. At any time chaser will become blocker and any of the blocker will become a chaser with respect to prey position and conditions. Then in that particular area when all the preys are hunted completed then red mullet group will change the area. So there will be flexibility and changing the role quickly with respect to prey position. Alike to that with reference to the fitness function the particle will be chosen as chaser. By means of considering L (voltage stability) - index BOA, and RMO algorithms verified in IEEE 30- bus system. Then without L-index BOA and RMO algorithms is appraised in 30 bus test systems. Both BOA and RMO algorithms condensed the power loss proficiently with improvement in voltage stability and minimization of voltage deviation.
Linear multispectral absorption tomography based on regularized iterative methods
Authors: Shui Chongyuan , Wang Yihong , Cai Weiwei , Zhou Bin
Published: May 2021

A regularization approach of iterative algorithms was proposed to reconstruct the two-dimensional temperature and concentration distributions based on linear multispectral absorption tomography (MAT). This method introduces a secondary prior into a classical iterative algorithmviaregularization to improve the reconstruction accuracy. Numerical studies revealed that the regularized iteration outperformed the classical and superiorized versions under various noisy conditions and with different number of spectral lines. The algorithms were also tested with the existing experimental data of a premixed flat flame produced by a McKenna burner. The comparison between the reconstructions and the measured temperature profile using thermocouples confirmed the superiority of our proposed regularized iterative method.
Sub-wavelength continuous THz imaging system based on interferometric detection
Authors: García-Jomaso Yesenia A. , Hernández-Roa Dahí L. , Garduño-Mejía Jesús , Treviño-Palacios Carlos G. , Kolokoltsev Oleg V. , Qureshi Naser
Published: May 2021

We have developed a continuous wave sub-wavelength terahertz (THz) imaging system that combines two prominent classical optical techniques: solid immersion microscopy and interferometric detection. This combination allows for resolution beyond the diffraction limit at 703 GHz. We experimentally demonstrate sub-wavelength spatial resolution working with a relatively low-cost pyroelectric detector and with both high and low contrast samples.
Machine learning based quantification of fuel-air equivalence ratio and pressure from laser-induced plasma spectroscopy
Authors: Lee Jungwun , McGann Brendan , Hammack Stephen D. , Carter Campbell , Lee Tonghun , Do Hyungrok , Bak Moon Soo
Published: May 2021

In this study, we demonstrate successful development of a predictive model that detects both the fuel-air equivalence ratio (ϕ) and local pressure prior to plasma formation via machine-learning from the laser-induced plasma spectra; the resulting model enables measurement of a wide range of fuel concentrations and pressures. The process of model acquisition is composed of three steps: (i) normalization of the spectra, (ii) feature extraction and selection, and (iii) training of an artificial neural network (ANN) with feature scores and the corresponding labels. In detail, the spectra were first normalized by the total emission intensity; then principal component analysis (PCA) or independent component analysis (ICA) was carried out for feature extraction and selection. Subsequently, the scores of these principal or independent components as inputs were trained for the ANN with expected ϕ and pressure values for outputs, respectively. The model acquisition was successful, and the model’s predictive performance was validated by predicting the ϕ and pressure in the test dataset.
Remote sensing of raindrop size distribution using the coherent Doppler lidar
Authors: Wei Tianwen , Xia Haiyun , Yue Bin , Wu Yunbin , Liu Qi
Published: May 2021

The coherent Doppler wind lidar (CDL) shows capability in precipitation detection. Retrieval of the raindrop size distribution (DSD) using CDL is still challenging work, as both accurate backscattering cross section at the working wavelength and reflectivity spectrum of raindrop are required. Firstly, the Mie theory and the vectorial complex ray model (VCRM) are applied to calculate backscattering cross section for small spheric raindrops and large oblate raindrops, respectively. Secondly, an iterative deconvolution method is proposed to separate the reflectivity spectrum of raindrop from the lidar power spectrum, which is a superposition of rain and aerosol components. An accompanying aerosol signal model considering the effect of temporal window, from the same height and time, is used to improve the accuracy and robustness of the iteration. In experiment, a co-located micro rain radar (MRR) is used for comparison. Good agreements are obtained despite tremendous differences in wavelength and scattering characteristics. As an example, at 600 m height, the R2 of linear fitting to the mean rain velocity and mean raindrop diameter between CDL and MRR are 0.96 and 0.93, respectively.
Unbundling teaching and learning in a flipped thermal physics classroom in higher education powered by emerging innovative technology
Authors: Hung Hui-Chun , Young Shelley Shwu-Ching
Published: May 2021

The emergence of open online courses and flipped classrooms has brought new opportunities to unbundle the traditional university. This study aimed to investigate a thermal physics classroom integrated with an open online learning mode to afford various learning strategies for students in Taiwan. Moreover, we examined students' preferred learning modes by adopting a quasi-experimental design with questionnaires, pre-test and post-test scores, self-reported journals and interviews. A total of 89 students participated in the study. The instructor allowed all students enrolled in the class to choose their own preferred learning modes. All students had full access to all course materials in both open online course and traditional face-to-face learning contexts throughout the whole semester. We examined the learners' academic performance in each learning mode and surveyed their perceptions of the course. The findings of this study indicate that information technology can transform teaching and learning in a thermal physics classroom and challenge the instructor to tailor the course to meet students' diverse needs. Significantly, students adopted five learning modes, consisting of face-to-face, web facilitated, alternative blended, online learning and flipped learning. This study provides a valuable reference on how traditional on-campus higher education institutions could be unbundled to create student-centred learning approaches.

 

Implications for practice or policy:

Educators could design a flexible delivery model, allowing students to choose five learning modes, consisting of face-to-face, web facilitated, alternative blended, online learning and flipped learning in terms of their learning style and time management.

For students with sufficient background knowledge, the flipped learning mode provides the best learning performance.

This study could provide administrators, educators and instructors with insights and new approaches in science, technology, engineering and mathematics education and improvements in their course policies.
Preparation and synchronous participation improve student performance in a blended learning experience
Authors: Clark Charlotte Emily Jane , Post Ger
Published: May 2021

Blended learning can create flexibility for students, more efficiently utilise infrastructure, and can provide high-quality learning at scale. We investigated perceived value and learning gains associated with asynchronous eLearning and synchronous face-to-face (f2f) components of a blended learning experience. We hypothesised that individual student preference for eLearning and f2f learning would be variable, but that participation in f2f classes would enhance student learning. Using a design-based research approach, we have evaluated two iterations of a blended learning experience, combining qualitative survey data and quantitative attendance data and student grades. Students overwhelmingly valued active learning, both within eLearning materials and f2f classes. Final marks positively correlated with the number of f2f classes students attended. Analysis of a subset of intended learning outcomes (ILOs) showed that students who accessed eLearning independently and students who attended f2f classes performed equally-well in ILO-related assessment tasks, however, students were more likely to choose an assessment task directly-related to a class they attended. In addition, completion of required eLearning prior to f2f class attendance significantly enhanced student performance in related assessment tasks. We suggest that f2f attendance as part of blended learning is beneficial, however students can obtain selected ILOs from engaging eLearning materials.

Implications for practice or policy:

Instructors will gain insight into aspects of blended active learning that students value.

We present evidence that supports the benefits to students of completion of pre-eLearning prior to participation in synchronous f2f classes.
Macrodynamic Modeling of Innovation Equilibria and Traps
Authors: Sanchez-Carrera Edgar J. , Ille Sebastian , Travaglini Giuseppe
Published: May 2021

We study the interplay between the decision of firms to innovate and human capital. Based on a dynamic evolutionary model, we show that in the presence of a high stock of human capital, an advanced economy can remain caught in an “innovation trap”. Following the literature on endogenous growth, R&D investments and human capital are modeled as strategic complements. Skilled workers increase productivity and enjoy a wage premium if they are employed in the R&D sector, while they receive the same wage as unskilled workers if they are employed in the production sector. We model the evolutionary dynamics of the share of innovative firms and human capital to determine the conditions under which an economy converges to a high, low or mixed state of innovation.