bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct Observation and Feedback on the Internal Medicine Clinical Teaching Unit
Authors: Wang Michael Ke , Brandt Vegas Daniel
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground: Direct observation is an invaluable tool for assessing clinical skills. However, it is unclear whether trainees are regularly observed on internal medicine clinical teaching units (CTUs).
Methods: A web-based survey was distributed to medical students and residents completing rotations on inpatient internal medicine CTUs. Participants recorded the frequency of direct observation and observational feedback received over the past week.
Results: Of the 189 survey respondents, 76% reported receiving direct observation at least once. On average, six skill-specific observations were reported by each learner, with an average of two different skills being observed. Bedside clinical decision-making and physical examination skills were observed most frequently. Feedback was least often provided after the direct observation of physical examination and communication skills.Conclusions: A quarter of trainees were not regularly observed at the internal medicine CTUs. The optimal frequency of direct observation requires further study.
Résumé
Contexte: L’observation directe est un outil précieux d’évaluation des compétences cliniques. On ne sait pas si les stagiaires sont observés régulièrement dans les unités d’enseignement clinique (UEC) de médecine interne. Méthodologie: Un sondage en ligne a été transmis à des étudiants en médecine et à des résidents qui font des stages dans des UEC de médecine interne en milieu hospitalier. Les participants ont consigné la fréquence des observations directes et des rétroactions d’observations reçues au cours de la semaine précédente.
Résultats: Sur les 189 répondants au sondage, 76 % ont déclaré avoir reçu une observation directe au moins une fois. En moyenne, six observations sur une compétence particulière ont été déclarées par chaque apprenant, le nombre moyen decompétences différences qui ont été observées étant de deux. Les compétences relatives à la prise de décision clinique au chevet du patient et à l’examen physique ont fait le plus souvent l’objet d’une observation. Une rétroaction est survenue le moins souvent après l’observation directe de l’examen physique et de l’aptitude à communiquer.
Conclusions: Le quart des stagiaires n’ont pas été observés régulièrement à l’UEC de médecine interne. La fréquence optimale de l’observation directe doit faire l’objet d’une étude approfondie.
Reporting Risk: from Math to Meaning
Authors: Lapointe-Shaw Lauren , Babe Glenda , Austin Peter C. , Costa Andrew P. , Jones Aaron
Published: December 2022

In this article, we discuss risk reporting and presentation in observational healthcare research. Reported measures of risk should facilitate clinical understanding. Although odds ratios are mathematically advantageous, they do not facilitate clinical understanding. Adjusted relative risk and risk difference are intuitive and clinically meaningful measures that can be readily obtained from any regression model using average marginal effects. Statistical summary measures or graphical displays that incorporate prevalence of risk factors can also be used to better identify the most important contributors to a target condition.
RésuméCet article se penche sur la communication et la présentation des risques dans le domaine de la recherche observationnelle sur les soins de santé. Les mesures du risque rapportées doivent faciliter la compréhension clinique. Bien que les rapports de cotes soient avantageux sur le plan mathématique, ils ne facilitent pas la compréhension clinique. Le risque relatif ajusté et la différence de risques sont des mesures intuitives et d’importance clinique, qui peuvent être facilement obtenues à partir de tout modèle de régression qui utilise des effets marginaux moyens. Les statistiques sommaires ou les représentations graphiques qui incorporent la prévalence des facteurs de risque peuvent également être utilisées pour mieux cerner les facteurs contributifs les plus importants à une maladie ciblée.
Pedagogias colaborativas em antropologia: uma proposta de ensino como educação compartilhada junto aos quilombos da grande Salvador (Unilab, Brasil)
Authors: Buti Rafael Palermo
Published: December 2022

Ainda que a produção antropológica resulte de relações de aprendizado com pessoas, práticas e lugares, essas experiências tendem a ser negligenciadas quando se ensina antropologia nas universidades. Considerando a educação como um desígnio fundamental da antropologia, este artigo pretende mostrar a importância de deslocar os processos de aprendizado para os lugares onde a vida das pessoas se realiza. Tomando como referência ações pedagógicas realizadas junto a duas comunidades quilombolas da Grande Salvador, propõem-se aqui pedagogias colaborativas em antropologia. A intenção é, por um lado, mostrar que o ensino de antropologia pode estar a serviço das demandas comunitárias, garantindo a representatividade epistêmica de pessoas, práticas e lugares que engajamos no fazer antropológico; e, por outro lado, assumir o ensino como compartilhamento de experiências no mundo, tensionando os cânones pedagógicos centrados na autoridade docente, livresca e da sala de aula. Nesse sentido, aulas abertas nas comunidades, caminhadas nos territórios e participação nas vivências comunitárias podem servir de instrumentos pedagógicos imprescindíveis ao aprendizado antropológico. Ao corresponder as práticas comunitárias aos modos de ensinar antropologia, veremos que as pedagogias colaborativas contribuem para o mais importante desígnio dessa ciência: a compreensão das pessoas e do mundo que vivem(os).
Apresentação: Teoria, história e ensino da antropologia
Authors: Vega Sanabria Guillermo , Oliveira Amurabi
Published: December 2022

No encalço do movimento permanente que tem permitido à antropologia refletir sobre a configuração do seu campo, este dossiê reúne um conjunto de trabalhos a partir dos quais propomos articular três dimensões que consideramos indissociáveis: a teoria, a história e o ensino da disciplina. Para tanto, destacamos dois elementos que emergem das tentativas feitas nesses trabalhos para entender a antropologia no Brasil de hoje e que aqui, heuristicamente, chamamos de o “caminho da experiência” e o “caminho da colaboração”.
CIBERFEMINISMO
Authors: Monteiro Garcia Janete , Farnese Pedro
Published: December 2022

O objetivo deste estudo é fazer uma análise discursiva de vídeos publicados no Canal do grupo “Não Me Kahlo” no Youtube e a técnica de observação oculta (SKAGEBY, 2013) na página “ego” (RECUERO, 2009) do Twitter para coleta e investigação das postagens nesta plataforma. A ONG foi criada em 2013 e atua como ativista (online e offline) no sentido de promover o debate sobre machismo e violência contra a mulher. Conta atualmente com cerca de 4 mil inscritos no canal do Youtube e 105 mil seguidores na rede social Twitter. O critério baseia-se na atuação social do grupo e suas ações na luta contra esferas hegemônicas e de poder (SKAGEBY, 2013; FERRAZ, 2019). O recorte compreende publicações de 2020 até maio de 2021. A pergunta de pesquisa é: como as mulheres se posicionam dentro dessas plataformas de comunicação solidárias? Uma das hipóteses é que a iniciativa ganha mais força e visibilidade (LANDOWSKI, 1992) dada interação com o público feminino que busca de maneira empática (CAIAFA, 2020; PEREIRA, RETT e BEZERRA, 2021) sobrepujar suas angústias em relação ao sistema patriarcal (SAFFIOTI, 1987, 1995). Como resultado espera-se que este estudo traga uma contribuição e fortalecimento dos ativismos feministas visando uma conscientização sobre o assunto e promoção da igualdade de gênero.
(IN)ADEQUAÇÃO DO CULTURALISMO JURÍDICO PARA ANÁLISE DAS DECISÕES DO STF SOBRE A QUESTÃO INDÍGENA NO BRASIL
Authors: Joaquim Ana Paula , Corsetti Gonçalves Teixeira Vanessa , Madeira Filho Wilson
Published: December 2022

Apesar de a obra de Miguel Reale ser conhecida e celebrada em diversos lugares do mundo, seu estudo e referência têm, há algum tempo, restringido-se às disciplinas propedêuticas do ensino jurídico. Esta iniciativa, parte de um exercício para a pesquisa de doutorado da primeira autora, trata de situar, discutir e avaliar a adequação da obra de Miguel Reale para discutir parte da dinâmica da experiência jurídica brasileira que envolve um dos principais atores especializados da cultura jurídica nacional (o Supremo Tribunal Federal) e um dos mais resistentes atores leigos (o movimento indígena pelos direitos à terra e ao território). Neste ponto da pesquisa, o exercício se foca na descrição e debate das ideias de Miguel Reale acerca da experiência jurídica e os desafios encontrados para a proposta de utilizar sua teoria para os fins acima descritos.
DIREITO DE PROPRIEDADE DOS REMANESCENTES DE QUILOMBO
Authors: Araujo Oliveira Luise Beatriz de , Dias de Lima Conceição Maria , Gomes da Silva Cristiano Cezar
Published: December 2022

Produto da pesquisa realizada durante a elaboração da dissertação de mestrado, o presente trabalho objetiva entender os fatores que influenciaram e, ainda influenciam, na não efetivação do direito constitucional preconizado no art. 68 do ADCT, ante o baixo número de títulos emitidos até o presente momento, sobretudo em Alagoas que só tem uma comunidade titulada. Assim, a fim de atingir o intento pretendido, realizou-se uma a análise acerca desse direito constitucional sob a óptica do regramento jurídico infraconstitucional que alicerça o objeto de estudo. Em arremate, faz-se necessário destacar que o presente estudo normativo permite uma reflexão acerca do direito territorial dessas comunidades, sendo possível, ao final, concluir que a realidade fática encontrada ainda está muito aquém.
Kecernaan In Sacco Kulit Buah Jagung Amoniasi Sebagai Bahan Penyusun Ransum Ternak Sapi
Authors: Andayani Jul , Novianti Sri
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kecernaan secara  in sacco penggunaan kulit buah jagung amoniasi dalam ransum ternak sapi. Penelitian ini  dilakukan di Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Jambi. Bahan yang digunakan adalah kulit buah jagung, rumput gajah, jagung giling, dedak halus, bungkil kelapa dan urea. Alat yang digunakan adalah timbangan, alat pemotong rumput, ember, alat semprot, kantong plastik, oven, alat giling, pH meter, desikator, seperangkat alat untuk in sacco (kantong nilon, tali nilon, selang plastik, karet pengikat, karet penggantung). Peubah yang diambil pada percobaan ini adalah  degradasi bahan kering, degradasi NDF dan degradasi ADF. Percobaan ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang terdiri dari 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuannya adalah R 0 = 70 % Hijauan (100% Rumput + 0% Kulit Buah Jagung Amoniasi) + 30% Konsentrat, R 1 = 70 % Hijauan (75% Rumput + 25% Kulit Buah Jagung Amoniasi) + 30% Konsentrat, R 2 =  70 % Hijauan (50% Rumput + 50% Kulit Buah Jagung Amoniasi) + 30% Konsentrat, R 3 = 70 % Hijauan ( 25% Rumput + 75% Kulit Buah Jagung Amoniasi) + 30% Konsentrat, R 4 =  70 % Hijauan (0% Rumput + 100% Kulit Buah Jagung Amoniasi) + 30% Konsentrat. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan anlisis ragam sesuai dengan rancangan yang digunakan. Uji lanjut yang digunakan adalah uji jarak berganda Duncan. Hasil pada penelitian ini yaitu perlakuan berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap degradasi bahan kering, degradasi NDF dan degradasi ADF. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu kulit buah jagung amoniasi dapat menggantikan total hijauan dalam ransum ternak sapi.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Tepung Kunyit Dalam Ransum Yang Mengandung Bawang Hitam (Black Garlic) Terhadap Bobot Karkas Dan Lemak Abdomen Broiler
Authors: Zulfikar M. Irsyad , Berliana Berliana , Nelwida Nelwida , Nurhayati Nurhayati
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan tepung kunyit dalam ransum yang mengandung bawang hitam (Black Garlic) terhadap Karkas dan lemak abdomen broiler. Penelitian ini menggunakan 200 ekor DOC broiler, tepung bawang hitam (Black garlic) dan tepung kunyit. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan terdiri P0 = 100% Ransum komersil (Kontrol), P1 = P0 + 3% Black Garlic, P2 = P1 + 0,5% Tepung Kunyit, P3 = P1 + 1% Tepung Kunyit, P4 = P1 + 1,5% Tepung Kunyit. Peubah yang diamati didalam penelitian ini yaitu konsumsi pakan, bobot potong, karkas, dan lemak abdomen. Data diolah menggunakan analisis ragam dan pengaruh yang nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung kunyit dalam ransum yang mengandung bawang hitam berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap konsumsi ransum dan bobot lemak abdomen, namun berpengaruh tidak nyata (P>0,05) terhadap bobot potong, bobot karkas, persentase karkas, dan persentase lemak abdomen. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan tepung kunyit dalam ransum yang mengandung 3% bawang hitam mampu meningkatkan konsumsi ransum, namun belum mampu menurunkan lemak abdomen, meningkatkan bobot karkas dan bobot potong pada ayam broiler.
Analisis Peramalan Beban Listrik Jangka Pendek di Kota XYZ Menggunakan Metode Koefisien dan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan
Authors: Putri Sri Rahayu Aida , Fuady Samratul , Tessal Dasrinal , Rabiula Andre
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini akan membahas tentang perbandingan antara metode jaringan syaraf tiruan (JST) dan metode koefisien dalam meramalkan beban listrik jangka pendek di Kota XYZ. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbandingan error hari Minggu, 24 Oktober 2021 ialah 3,12% pada metode JST dan 24,78% pada metode koefisien, untuk hari Senin, 25 Oktober 2021 memperoleh hasil error 1,61% pada metode JST dan 23,97% pada metode koefisien, untuk hari Selasa, 26 Oktober 2021 memperoleh hasil error 1,90% pada metode JST dan 25,09% pada metode koefisien, untuk hari Rabu, 27 Oktober 2021 memperoleh hasil error 1,66% pada metode JST dan 23,97% pada metode koefisien, untuk hari Kamis, 28 Oktober 2021 memperoleh hasil error 4,19% pada metode JST dan 20,65% pada metode koefisien, untuk hari Jum’at, 29 Oktober 2021 memperoleh hasil error 2,12% pada metode JST dan 23,46% pada metode koefisien dan untuk hari Sabtu, 30 Oktober 2021 memperoleh hasil error 1,69% pada metode JST dan 27,92% pada metode koefisien. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh bahwa perbandingan error yang dihasilkan sangat signifikan dan dapat disimpulkan bahwa tingkat akurasi yang baik ialah dengan menggunakan metode JST.
PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR AMONG BODY SHOP EMPLOYEES IN INDONESIA
Authors: Moningka Clara , June Samantha
Published: December 2022

Body Shop Indonesia is a company that upholds environmental values. These pro-environmental values are also applied in their organizational culture, including in existing regulations or policies. In this study, researchers are interested in describing the employee’s pro-environmental behavior who have instilled pro-environmental values. This research was conducted in industries that promote pro-environmental behavior. With a culture that focuses on environmental sustainability, the pro-environmental behavior of its employees will be more visible.Previous research was conducted in a particular area or organization in general. Measurement of pro-environmental behavior uses the Pro-Environmental Behavior (PEB) scale constructed by Blok, et al and adopted in the organizational context by Sanyal and Pal. The reliability of this scale is 0.810. Research on 150 employee respondents shows that they have a pro-environment that tends to be high.  The results of this research can be used as a reference or basis for implementing a pro-environmental organizational culture
ART ACTIVITIES AS A MEDIUM FOR CRITICAL THINKING IN THE "LET'S SHARE THE ART" PROGRAM
Authors: Umam Ahmad Naufalul
Published: December 2022

Political provocation on governor election in Jakarta had its spill-over effect on youths' increased prejudice in a national scale. With this concern, stakeholders initiated an intervention program named "Let's Share the Art" for high school students to facilitate discussions that promote cognitive flexibilities. The program was held once per week in 7 meetings. It was expected that the program will lower the need for closure (NFC) and raise the critical thinking mindset (CTM) scores of the beneficiaries. Two high schools that partnered with the program initiator were selected, with a total of 82 students participated in the research. Contrary to the hypotheses, we found no significant change in both measurements from both schools. However, separated analysis showed that there are some indications of changes regarding to certain situational and contextual matters. Notwithstanding the fact that the result could not be generalized on Indonesian youth, but the subtle impact of art activities on cognitive flexibility for teenagers was discussed, with the additional notes on how to implement such program in the future.
Construção da identidade do Ensino Médio no Brasil: um estudo histórico
Authors: Habowski Fabiane , Leite Fabiane de Andrade
Published: December 2022

Neste artigo apresentamos um estudo historiográfico realizado com o objetivo de identificar aspectos que contribuíram para caracterizar a identidade do Ensino Médio (EM) no Brasil. A relevância da investigação encontra-se diante das novas proposições curriculares realizadas a partir da Lei 13.415/2017, denominada Novo EM. Realizamos um estudo qualitativo historiográfico analisando documentos parametrizadores do ensino brasileiro com foco no EM, em que tomamos como ponto de partida a Reforma Francisco Campos. Como resultados destacamos que a identidade do EM foi sendo alterada no decorrer dos anos a partir das novas demandas curriculares propostas. A identidade do EM no Brasil passou de uma perspectiva de ensino que se restringia a elite governante do país, seguida de uma formação profissional técnica e, por fim temos como característica marcante o desenvolvimento do protagonismo juvenil por meio da flexibilização curricular. Portanto, ressaltamos a importância em refletirmos acerca das contribuições históricas para a construção do EM no Brasil no sentido de promovermos novos entendimentos da necessidade de mudança curricular para essa etapa da Educação Básica.
Da formação inicial a atuação profissional docente: caminhos percorridos pelo professor Heraldo Simões
Authors: Souza Symon Tiago Brandão de , Pereira Arliene Stephanie Menezes , Santos Maria Adriana Borges dos
Published: December 2022

Realizamos uma entrevista narrativa com o professor Heraldo Simões Ferreira, Professor do ensino superior na Universidade Estadual do Ceará (Uece), de forma on-line no dia 06 de novembro de 2020 na cidade Fortaleza-CE. O professor nos relata sobre sua trajetória acadêmica desde a formação inicial, além dos aspectos inerentes a sua história de vida que se convergem com sua atuação profissional como professor de Educação Física, nos levando em suas narrativas até a sua atuação num Programa de Pós-Graduação.
Protein-protein docking and dynamics of peptide from Clitoria ternatea with Daboia ruselli viper venom PLA 2
Authors: Prabeesh Veena , KP Laladhas , Nair Achuthsankar S , Oommen Oommen V
Published: December 2022

Molecular docking outshines other approaches at creating a surfeit of
potential models of protein-protein complexes. It is highly challenging
to distinguish the favourable, native-like models from the newly
discovered ones. We propose here a protocol based on molecular dynamics
(MD) simulations that would allow distinguishing native from non-native
models to complement scoring functions used in docking. The initial part
of the study concentrated on modelling the protein-protein complex of a
cyclic peptide (cter M) from Clitoria ternatea with Daboia
ruselli snake venom PLA receptor using docking in
Discovery Studio, which was complemented with molecular dynamic
simulations to discriminate between native protein and the investigated
complex to report its stability. The peptide complex showed almost
similar stability in nearly all measured properties, such as Root Mean
Square Deviation (RMSD), Root Mean Square Fluctuation (RMSF), and Radius
of Gyration (Rg) of native contacts from the initial docked model. A
reasonably short simulation of 100 ns is sufficient to achieve this
accuracy, making this approach practical.
Dexamethasone changes the disposition of atorvastatin by targeting the LXRα-OATP1B1 pathway
Authors: Li Xiaochun , Zhan Daqiang , Wang Yuanzhi , Gou Yidan , Cai Shijiao , Zhang Jingyue , He Yifan , Zhao Ruiting , Tian Ye , Jiang Rongcai , Yuan Hengjie
Published: December 2022

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is one of the most common neurological
disorders. In recent years, atorvastatin (ATV) combined with
dexamethasone (DXM) has been proved to be a more efficacious therapy in
treating patients with CSDH than ATV monotherapy. To investigate whether
DXM has an effect on the pharmacokinetics of ATV, the expression of
organic anion transport polypeptides 1B1 (OATP1B1) and upstream nuclear
receptors liver X receptor α (LXRα) in rat liver and HepG2 cells were
evaluated. The results showed that when DXM was combined with ATV, the
area under curve (AUC(0~∞)) of ATV, o-ATV and p-ATV was
increased by 1.550, 1.420, 1.676 times, respectively. In HepG2 cells,
DXM inhibited the uptake of ATV by 59.24%. Also, DXM decreased the
expression of OATP1B1 and LXRα both in the rat liver and HepG2 cells.
Dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that DXM had an inhibitory
effect on the LXRα-OATP1B1 pathway. In conclusion, DXM downregulated the
protein expression of OATP1B1 by inhibiting the LXRα-OATP1B1 pathway,
thus, decreasing hepatic drug uptake and increasing plasma concentration
of ATV and its active metabolites.
The sunscreen 4-methylbenzylidene camphor and reproduction: Environmental presence, mechanism of action and effects in different experimental models
Authors: Lax Cassandra , Wicksell Elin , Grip Anastasia , Niemi Jenni , Liu Wen , Rafeletou Alexandra , Kudłak Błażej , Schioth Helgi
Published: December 2022

4-Methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) is a photo-absorbing UV filter,
which can be absorbed into the circulation and cause systemic effects.
4-MBC is found extensively in the environment and measurements suggest
bioaccumulation in human tissues. 4-MBC is continued to be released in
the environment despite the growing knowledge about its potential
endocrine and reproductive disrupting effects. 4-MBC interfers with
various processes, such as placental development, spermatogenesis, and
inflammatory cascades. Previous reviews mention 4-MBC as one of the
several UV filters but here we focus on 4-MBC only. We cover the
potential effects on human health regarding systemic and molecular
effects, with the focus on reproduction. We also cover the potential
bioaccumulation and interactions with receptor systems, such as the
estrogen receptors β and α, and progesterone receptor, and analyze
4-MBC´s effects on mRNA expression and protein expression. Furthermore,
4-MBC is reported to act with inflammatory pathways by activating p38
MAPK and NF-κB, leading to the production of inflammatory TNF-α and
IL-6. In conclusion, 4-MBC has wide ranging effects in different models
while there is more research warranted to detail the mechanism of
action, long-term effects at low doses and the potential interaction
with many pathways and other pollutants.
Accidentally diagnosed multiple intradural extramedullary spinal hydatidosis in a young adult: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ahmadi Seyyed Mostafa , Meybodi Keyvan Tayebi , Raeesi Neda , Bitaraf Mohammad Ali , Iranmehr Arad
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we report a rare case of asymptomatic multiple
intradural, extramedullary spinal hydatidosis; accidentally diagnosed in
a patient with signs and symptoms of a true protruded disc. Although
quite rare, vertebral hydatidosis should always be considered as a
differential diagnosis for spinal presentations, particularly in endemic
areas.
Weather modulates spider trophic interactions: the interactive effects of prey community structure, adaptive web building and prey choice
Authors: Cuff Jordan , Windsor Fredric , Tercel Maximillian , Bell James , Symondson William O. C. , Vaughan I. P.
Published: December 2022

1. Generalist invertebrate predators are sensitive to weather
conditions, but the relationship between their trophic interactions and
weather is poorly understood. This study investigates how weather
affects the identity and frequency of spider trophic interactions as
mediated by prey community structure, web characteristics and
density-independent prey choice. 2. Spiders and their locally available
prey were collected from barley fields in Wales, UK from April to
September 2017-2018. The gut contents of 300 spiders were screened using
DNA metabarcoding, analysed via multivariate models, and compared
against prey availability using null models. 3. Spiders’ trophic
interactions changed over time and with weather conditions, primarily
related to concomitant changes in their prey communities. Spiders did,
however, appear to mitigate the effects of structural changes in prey
communities through changing prey preferences according to prevailing
weather conditions, possibly facilitated by adaptive web construction.
4. Using these findings, we demonstrate that prey choice data collected
under different weather conditions can be used to refine inter-annual
predictions of spider trophic interactions, although prey abundance was
secondary to diversity in driving the diet of these spiders. By
improving our understanding of the interaction between trophic
interactions and weather, we can better predict how ecological networks
are likely to change in response to variation in weather conditions and,
more urgently, global climate change.
EAACI statement on the pathogenesis, immunology, and immune-targeted management of the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) or Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome (PIMS).
Authors: Feleszko Wojciech , Okarska-Napierała Magdalena , Buddingh Emilie Pauline , Bloomfield Marketa , Sediva Anna , Bautista-Rodriguez Carles , Brough Helen , Eigenmann Philippe , Eiwegger Thomas , Eljaszewicz Andrzej , Eyerich Stefanie , Gomez-Casado Cristina , Fraisse Alain , Janda Jozef , Jiménez-Saiz Rodrigo , Kallinich Tilmann , Krohn Inge Kortekaas , Mørtz Charlotte , RIGGIONI CARMEN , Sastre Joaquin , Sokolowska Milena , Strzelczyk Ziemowit , Untersmayr Eva , Tramper Gerdien
Published: December 2022

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare, but
severe complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It develops
approximately four weeks after severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and involves hyperinflammation with
multisystem injury, commonly progressing to shock. The exact
pathomechanism of MIS-C is not known, but immunological dysregulation
leading to cytokine storm plays a central role. In response to the
emergence of MIS-C, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical
Immunology (EAACI) established a task force (TF) within the Immunology
Section in May 2021. With the use of an online Delphi process, TF
formulated clinical statements regarding immunological background of
MIS-C, diagnosis, treatment, follow-up, and the role of COVID-19
vaccinations. MIS-C case definition is broad, and diagnosis is made
based on clinical presentation. The immunological mechanism leading to
MIS-C is unclear and depends on activating multiple pathways leading to
hyperinflammation. Current management of MIS-C relies on supportive care
in combination with immunosuppressive and/or immunomodulatory agents.
The most frequently used agents are systemic steroids and intravenous
immunoglobulin. Despite good overall short-term outcome, MIS-C patients
should be followed-up at regular intervals after discharge, focusing on
cardiac disease, organ damage, and inflammatory activity. COVID-19
vaccination is a safe and effective measure to prevent MIS-C. In
anticipation of further research, we propose a convenient and clinically
practical algorithm for managing MIS-C developed by the Immunology
Section of the EAACI.
Adapted flower pollination algorithm for a standalone solar photovoltaic system
Authors: Awan Muhammad Mateen Afzal , Awan Mehmoona Javed
Published: December 2022

This Extraction of the maximum electrical power from a solar photovoltaic (PV) system under numerous weather conditions is required to reduce its payback time period, per unit energy price, and to compensate for the high initial price of the solar PV system. This could only be achieved by continuously operating the solar PV system at its maximum power point (MPP) under several weather conditions. Unlike under uniform weather conditions (UWC), identification of the real MPP (Global MPP) under partial shading condition (PSC) in a reasonable time is a challenging task due to the formation of multiple local MPP in the power-voltage (P-V) characteristic curve of a solar PV array. The nature-inspired MPP tracking algorithms have been proved suitable for global MPP tracking (MPPT) under PSC. In this research paper, a renowned nature-inspired flower pollination algorithm (FPA) is deeply reviewed, modified, and integrated with the random walk filter to improve its performance in terms of tracking speed, and efficiency. A comparison of the proposed ‘Adaptive Flower Pollination Algorithm (AFPA)’ and conventional FPA algorithm has been made under zero, weak, and strong PSCs for a 4S solar PV array. The proposed algorithm has produced remarkable results in tracking speed, and efficiency, for the global MPP (GMPP) tracking under different PSCs. The simulation is performed in MATLAB/Simulink software.
Comparison between detailed model and simplified models of a Li-ion battery heated at low temperatures
Authors: Lei Zhiguo , Zhai Jiawei
Published: December 2022

With the development of hybrid electric vehicles and electric vehicles, more and more attention has been paid to Li-ion batteries. Since the charge-discharge performances of Li-ion batteries are affected by the temperature, an effective thermal management system is the key to solve the problem. Therefore, it is necessary to establish different simulation models to simulate the effects of the various thermal management systems. The prismatic pouch Li-ion batteries cell is composed of multiple cell units connected in parallel, to reduce the calculation, the simplified models are used to simulate the Li-ion batteries. In this paper, one detailed model and two simplified models are established to simulate temperature uniformity of heating Li-ion batteries cells, and heating methods are the self-heating Li-ion batteries structure heating method and the wide-line metal film heating method. The simulation results of the detailed model and two simplified models are compared and analyzed. The results show that there are difference between the detailed model and two simplified models about temperature difference of the Li-ion batteries cell, and the two simplified models have the same simulation results. Finally, the simulation results of the detailed models with different footprint areas are compared. The comparison results show that different footprint areas have no effect on the simulation results for both the self-heating Li-ion batteries structure heating method and the wide-line metal film heating method.
A compressible turbulence model for the dissipation rate
Authors: Bouznif Mekki , Khelifi Hechmi , Bourehla Adnan
Published: December 2022

In this work, the ability of a Reynolds stress model to compute turbulent homogeneous shear flow with significant compressibility effects is discussed. Several studies of compressible turbulent flows carried out in the past years have shown that the pressure strain correlation is mainly responsible for the strong changes in the magnitude of the Reynolds stress anisotropies. Two recent compressible models of this term are considered in conjunction with the standard model of the dissipation rate of the turbulent kinetic energy to predict compressible homogeneous flow highly sheared are tested. It is found that deficiencies appear in the calculations even if the pressure strain model is improved by compressibility corrections. Consistent with earlier studies, this deficiency is attributed to the use of the incompressible model for turbulent dissipation. However, a compressibility correction of this equation model uncovers the main focus of the present study. This correction makes the standard coefficients of this equation depend on the turbulent gradient Mach and Mach numbers. The proposed model is tested for low and strong compressibility cases from the DNS results of Sarkar. A comparison of the proposed model predictions with the DNS results shows good qualitative agreement. Therefore, compressibility correction for the incomp- ressible model of the turbulent dissipation rate is found to be an important issue for the compressible homogeneous turbulent shear flow.
Analysis of periodic heat transfer through extended surfaces
Authors: Haq Fazal , Shah Kamal , Abdeljawad Thabet
Published: December 2022

This article is concerned with the review of periodic heat transfer through extended surfaces known as fins. In this review, we bring out the detailed study of heat transfer of detailed type variation through extended surfaces. Heat transfer has remained a warm area responder to various conditions for the researchers in last many decades. In the current analysis, an attempt is appointed to study, analyze and summarize the result of the periodic heat transfer and flow in various fins. Further, we carried out the analysis for have carried heat transfers through various kinds of extended surfaces also called fins in the presence of periodic base and ambient temperature. The performance of the extended surface is expressed in terms of fin effectiveness and efficiency. The heat transfer process is regulated by three experimentally determined dimensionless parameters such as the frequency parameter, w, the convectional fins parameter, N, and the amplitude parameter, A. Further the fins performance and efficiency arfins? monstrated through several examples. On basis of comparison rectgular fins are good for heat transfer to its extended surfaces.
Energetic and entropy analysis of a novel transcritical CO2 two-stage compression/ejector refrigeration cycle for shipboard cold chamber
Authors: Yang Dazhang , Li Yang , Xie Jing , Wang Jinfeng
Published: December 2022

The adverse effects of global warming and climate change require critical measures for marine refrigeration technology because of its impact on GHG emissions. A novel transcritical CO2 two-stage compression/ejector refrigeration cycle for shipboard cold chamber is proposed in this research. A comparative analysis was conducted between the basic transcritical CO2 two-stage compression cycle and the cycle equipped with a two-phase ejector considering the COP. Meanwhile, the refrigeration cycle was analyzed using entropy analysis to elucidate the distribution of irreversible losses in each component of the two-stage compression/ejector refrigeration cycle, and the effects of system parameters such as the evaporating and gas cooler outlet temperatures as well as the intermediate and discharge pressures on the cycle were investigated. The results showed that the ejector had the largest power capability loss, accounting for 26.95 % of the overall system, which is followed by the low pressure compressor with 26.06%. The COP of basic and ejector system significantly increase as the gas cooler outlet temperature and intermediate pressure decrease as well as the evaporating temperature increases. Furthermore, the entropy production of the system components decreases gradually with increasing evaporating temperature, with the greatest reduction in the ejector. In addition, the entropy production of the two-phase ejector remains constant with the increase of the high pressure side discharge pressure and gas cooler outlet temperature.
Analysis of mist/air film cooling performance of trenched holes with shaped lips
Authors: Zhang Runsheng , Zhou Leping , Han Shaohua , Xing Jiangjiang , Song Yuanyuan , Li Li , Zhang Hui , Du Xiaoze
Published: December 2022

Mist-assisted film cooling has exhibited great potential for efficient cooling of a turbine blade. Trench structures can significantly affect the film cooling performance of air, while their impact on the adhesion characteristics of the droplets and thus the mist-assisted film cooling performance is unclear. This work highlights the combination of these two aspects by exploring the improvement of the mist-assisted film cooling performance for trenched holes with shaped lips using 3-D computations. The results show that the upper lip structure plays a significant role in the adiabatic film cooling effectiveness, whereas the lower lip structure has little effect on it. It is found that the effect of upper lip structure on the adiabatic film cooling effectiveness increases with increasing blowing ratio. The Coanda effect makes the droplets more attached to the wall of the upper fillet lip structure and upper bevel lip structure. Meanwhile, the concentration of mist and the diameter of droplets are crucial for significantly improving the adiabatic film cooling effectiveness. In general, better adiabatic film cooling effectiveness values are observed for both 10 ?m diameter droplets at a specified concentration of mist and larger concentration of mist at a specified droplet size. This work proposes a novel and efficient means of enhancing the cooling performance using mist/air mixture and trenched holes with shaped lips.
Effect of hydrothermal carbonization temperature on fuel properties and combustion behavior of high-ash corn and rice straw hydrochar
Authors: Sui Zifeng , Wu Jie , Wang Jiawei , Cao Yutong , Wang Qihao , Chen Weipeng
Published: December 2022

Hydrothermal carbonization has been proven to improve the fuel properties of low-ash straw biomass. To explore the effect of hydrothermal carbonization on high-ash straw biomass, the fuel properties and combustion behavior of hydrochar prepared by high-ash rice straw and corn straw at different temperature were studied. The results showed that increased reaction temperature could improve the C content, fixed carbon, heating value, and fuel ratios (FC/VM) in high-ash straw hydrochars, which is similar to the change trend of low-ash biomass. The hydrochar prepared at 260?C has similar H/C and O/C atomic ratios and FC/VM to lignite. In addition, the highest energetic recovery efficiency is obtained at 200?C. While at 180?C, the comprehensive combustion characteristic index of the hydrochar is the best, which is 5.04 ? 10?11 [min?2K?3] and 6.42 ? 10?11 [min?2K?3]. In addition, the C content in the hydrochars at 180?C was lower than the raw material, and the ash content increases with the reaction temperature, which is quite different from the low-ash biomass. In conclusion, the hydrothermal carbonization could improve the fuel quality of high-ash straw, while its ash content remains at a high level.
Thermodynamic study of the effects of nanoparticles on thermal origin: A review
Authors: Wahhab Feryad , Ghorbani Mohammad
Published: December 2022

According to ISO and ASTM specifications, nanoparticles are described as the particles with a size in the range of 1-100 ?m with one or more dimensions, being the base of nanotechnology. In this study, a comprehensive review on the thermodynamic effects of nanoparticles on thermal origin is carried out. Firstly, the classification of nanoparticles, which includes organic, inorganic, and carbon-based nanoparticles are introduced. Then, various applications of nanoparticles in many fields including cosmetics, sunscreens, electronics, catalysis, mechanics, manufacturing, materials, environment, and energy harvesting are briefly highlighted. A comprehensive review on the recent research trends on the impacts of nanoparticles on thermal origin is collected and summarized. Afterwards, the physical, chemical, and thermal properties of nanoparticles are highlighted. In the end, a conclusion is withdrawn.
Magnetohydrodynamic flow and mixed convection of a viscous fluid and a nanofluid through a porous medium in a vertical channel
Authors: Petrovic Jelena , Stamenkovic Zivojin , Kocic Milos , Nikodijevic-Djordjevic Milica , Bogdanovic-Jovanovic Jasmina , Nikodijevic Dragisa
Published: December 2022

This paper analyzes the MHD flow and heat transfer of a pure fluid and a nanofluid through a porous medium in a vertical channel. The right half of the channel contains the pure fluid and the left half contains the nanofluid, which is immiscible with the pure fluid in the right half. Channel walls are impermeable and at constant temperatures. An external homogeneous magnetic field perpendicular to the channel walls is applied on the channel. Darcian approach is used to model the porous medium. Relevant differential equations are solved using the perturbation method. Velocity and temperature distributions are determined analytically and represented graphically, while the values of skin friction and Nusselt number on the channel walls are given in a table for multiple values of the introduced physical parameters. The results are used to draw conclusions about the influence of the said physical parameters on velocity and temperature distributions and on the values of skin friction and Nusselt number on the channel walls.
A novel solar-fuel assisted thermophotovoltaic system and parametrical analysis
Authors: Shan Shiquan , Jia Siqi , Zhang Fan , Hao Xinyue , Shou Chunhui , Zhou Zhijun
Published: December 2022

In this study, a thermal-balance model is established for energy calculation of a new solar-fuel assisted thermophotovoltaic system, which could save fossil fuels and improve the grade of solar energy. The coupling effects of key parameters such as concentrate ratio, absorber area, emitter area, etc. on the system efficiency are determined. Besides, the effect of solar energy on the fuel saving is investigated. The results show that the solar-fuel assisted thermophotovoltaic system cannot only increase the output power of photovoltaic cells by nearly 25 kW/m2 compared to fuel-driven thermophotovoltaic but also increase the electrical efficiency by nearly 10 percentage points. Furthermore, it also saves fuel by up to 76%. It is pointed out that improving the absorptance of solar absorber is the key for system optimization. This study provides a reference for the design and application of solar thermophotovoltaic technology.
Refining Woodland Period Chronology and Interactions in Northeastern Missouri
Authors: Herndon Richard L. , Bradbury Andrew P.
Published: December 2022

The recently completed Avenue of Saints (AOS) highway project in the Mississippi Valley of northeastern Missouri resulted in the documentation of Woodland period sites ranging from approximately 200 cal BC to AD 1200. This article updates the existing Woodland chronology for this locality based on new information collected during the project. Data pertaining to Early, Middle, and Late Woodland sites are presented. The approximately 1,400-year occupation span provided researchers an opportunity to view diachronic trends in tool manufacture, subsistence economy, and landscape use. Based on regional comparisons of ceramic and lithic technologies and vessel decoration, the Woodland sequence in northeastern Missouri was influenced by population movements originating from east of the Mississippi River and from southern sources in the Salt River valley.
Assessing Collector Bias
Authors: Ragan Kathryn , Buchanan Briggs
Published: December 2022

Clovis points are found across the contiguous United States as isolated surface finds and as elements of assemblages in surface and subsurface deposits. Despite being scattered over the continent, Clovis points exhibit a remarkable degree of standardization, yet there is still a demonstrable level of variation in their shapes across regions. Including isolated points in regional comparative analyses would significantly increase sample sizes and spatial coverage of these analyses; however, the effects of collector bias—the tendency to collect the most typical and aesthetically pleasing points—are unknown. Here, we examine the shape of a sample of isolated Clovis points from the midcontinent using geometric morphometric techniques. We show that resharpening had little effect on the shape of points and that our sample of isolated points are similar in shape to points from assemblages in the midcontinent. Our findings suggest that isolated points have research potential when collector bias is limited.
Practical Application of Digital Photogrammetry for Fieldwork in the American Midwest
Authors: Garstki Kevin , Schulenburg Marcus , Cook Robert A.
Published: December 2022

The use of close-range digital photogrammetry for field documentation has been steadily increasing in the past half decade in several parts of the world. However, this technology has not been widely utilized in archaeological contexts in the American Midwest. We explore the utility of close-range photogrammetry in this region with examples from the Guard site (12D29), a Fort Ancient village located in southeastern Indiana. This article outlines the methods utilized for production of georeferenced 3-D models of several units excavated during the 2016 field season. These models as well as plan and profile orthophotos derived from them act as important supplements to standard photographs and drawings made in the field and easily integrate with the site GIS. Overall, we found close-range digital photogrammetry to be very useful to better document excavation details, doing so for limited cost and time expenditure.
Return to Sangamo Town
Authors: Mazrim Robert
Published: December 2022

This article discusses the results of research-based excavations at the Charles Broadwell site, located in the extinct town of Sangamo Town in central Illinois. A large cellar feature produced a robust sample of consumer goods dating to circa 1825–1845. Of interest is the archaeological signature of a well-appointed home in this frontier community; the character of mass-produced goods and the visibility of consumer patterning; the visibility of folk goods and their affiliated practices; and the view of abandonment and reclamation processes visible in the fill of the cellar feature.
Debating the Age of Serpent Mound
Authors: Lepper Bradley T. , Frolking Tod A. , Pickard William H.
Published: December 2022

The debate over the age of Serpent Mound (33AD01) is important because without a cultural context it is impossible to make meaningful statements about what this monumental effigy mound might have meant to its builders. In this response to Romain and Herrmann’s rejoinder, we clarify the provenience of the samples, which yielded the radiocarbon dates that contribute to our argument for a post–Late Woodland age for the effigy. In addition, we extend our critique of Romain and colleagues’ arguments to include the results of an independent study of soil cores extracted from the Serpent and surrounding landscape, which fails to corroborate Romain and colleagues’ assertion that a buried A horizon underlies the mound. Finally, we suggest that the construction of Serpent Mound may be historically linked to droughts in the Mississippi Valley that began at around AD 1100, which resulted in an influx of Mississippian refugees into the region.
Serpent Mound
Authors: Monaghan G. William , Herrmann Edward W.
Published: December 2022

Radiocarbon dates from the base of Serpent Mound in Ohio demonstrate that it was built 2,100–2,300 years ago during the Adena period but was subsequently rebuilt or repaired about 900 years ago during the Fort Ancient period. We describe the basis for supporting the chronology of this building sequence, why it is the best and most complete explanation from the data at hand, and discuss the errors and misconceptions that critics of it have put forth. Our interest is in establishing a chronology of mound construction in order to address questions about cultural continuity/discontinuity, appropriation, and reuse of cultural monuments and religious/political symbols. We also plead that researchers jointly collect new data from Serpent Mound to end the back-and-forth questioning of chronological context and research competence.