bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Implementation of Electricity as Road Transportation Fuel
Authors: Vilke Siniša , Tadić Frane
Published: March 2021

Road-based electricity increasingly is being considered as an alternative fuel of the future that would replace or reduce dependence on oil and its derivatives, resulting in a reduction at the negative impact on the environment. More and more countries are introducing stricter measures on greenhouse gas emissions, while increasing incentives to buy EVs. This paper looks at the environmental impact of electricity in road transport in ecological, economic, and social terms, highlighting the greater need for more energy efficient EVs than conventional vehicles. The aim of this paper is to emphasize the importance of the application of electricity concerning fossil fuel in road transport, i.e., to describe the impact of EVs on the environment regarding conventional vehicles. Analysis of the use of the EV or the development of electrical infrastructure that is improving and introduced at high speed has shown that only countries with a high standard can monitor trends of EV. Therefore, despite all the advantages of EVs, the strategies and measures adopted by the EU, the implementation of electricity as road transportation fuel does not have a significant echo in countries with a lower standard, at least until the reach and prices of EVs are closer to conventional ones.
The Smart City Concept for Sustainable Development of a Tourist Destination
Authors: Krsinić Nižić Marinela , Vodeb Ksenija , Šverko Grdić Zvonimira
Published: March 2021

Purpose – At a time of exceptionally fast technological advancement, smart cities have become necessary for the better management of existing resources in a tourist destination. The aim of this paper is to investigate if the smart city concept has been recognized in micro destinations in the Kvarner region for the purpose of sustainability and raising residents’ quality of life. Design/Methodology – The research has been conducted in the Kvarner tourist destination in December 2019. Citizens were asked their opinions within the scope of the following narrow tourist destinations – Lovran, Opatija and Rijeka. The questionnaire used closed-ended questions. This short research focuses on public perception regarding the smart city concept. Findings – The results show that 67% of the people living in tourist destinations are not familiar with the smart city concept. Most, however, state that its implementation would improve the touristic development of the destinations. The development of smart destinations leaves plenty of room for each community undertaking that step to define the shape and functionality of its environment while respecting the community’s historical, cultural-artistic and social heritage. Originality of the research – There are many papers dealing with the topic of smart cities, but it is rare for authors to explore the transformation of traditional tourist destinations into contemporary sustainable communities. The obtained results can be used to inform policy making towards becoming more proactive, smart and sustainable.
Codex Diplomaticus Maritimus Croatiae/Croatian Diplomatic Maritime Codex and the Croatian Maritime Regesta, vol. 4: Emerging project
Authors: Michal Brandl Naida , Podhraški Čizmek Zrinka
Published: March 2021

This paper presents an outline and announces the continuation of the Codex Diplomaticus Maritimus Croatiae (Croatian Diplomatic Maritime Codex), consisting of a total of 100,000 documents on Croatia’s presence in the Adriatic and the Mediterranean. Nikola Čolak had started this project in 1956 in Zadar and was developing it for the next 40 years, exploring all the relevant archives on both coasts of the Adriatic that were relevant for not only Croatian history but for everyone else participating in this trade (Italians, Jews, and many others). After the 3rd volume of the Croatian Maritime Regesta was published in 2017, two historians decided to continue, in collaboration with other Croatian and foreign researchers, the publication of the aforementioned series by publishing the 4th volume of this series. The project introduces, as the innovation to the original project, the use of modern technologies related to the processing of digitized data as to allow everyone free access to hitherto unpublished archival sources in regesto as well as in extenso, depending on the importance of the document.
The Negative Impact of the Cruising Industry on the Environment
Authors: Špoljarić Tatjana
Published: March 2021

Tourism and travel make a vital contribution to the global economy and are considered particularly important for developing countries. The cruise industry, as part of the tourist offer, created in the beginning by demand from North America, had a dynamic growth for over nearly 40 years. Many studies show that today there is still an increased demand for a form of vacation spent on a cruise ship. For this reason, new cruise destinations are increasingly being developed and cruise ships are getting bigger, which has an increasing impact on the environment. The paper explores the causes and consequences of dynamic cruise industry growth on environment. The aim of the research is to identify the challenges facing the cruising industry when it comes to environmental impact. The research was conducted on the basis of available secondary data sources.
Reconstruction Parate Execution of Liability Rights and Roles the Parties in the Determination of Auction Price Limit Value Justice Based Warranty
Authors: Mochtar Mochamad , Budiono Abdul Rachmad , Permadi Iwan , Hamidah Siti
Published: March 2021

Determining the Price Limit Value at the Parate Auction for Execution of Collateral Goods Bound to Mortgage, departs from the issues discussed, namely how the parate reconstruction of mortgage execution and the role of the parties in determining the limit value of the auction price of goods justice based guarantees? The purpose of this research is to analyze and find the reconstruction of the execution parate of mortgage rights and the role of the parties in determining the limit value of the auction price of collateral based on justice. The research method uses normative legal research, with a statutory approach (statute approach) and a case approach (case approach). Sources of legal materials used consist of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials, while the analysis of legal materials is carried out in a descriptive qualitative manner. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the parate reconstruction of mortgage execution must be based on justice, meaning that execution through parate execution based on the provisions of Article 6 of the Mortgage Rights Law, must also be balanced with other prerequisites that must be passed in order to minimize the arising of arbitrariness. The role of the parties in determining the limit value of the collateral auction price will be well realized if in determining the limit value determined based on the results of the appraiser's assessment, where the auction limit value must be as low as the liquidation value so that the auction office has the authority to reject the auction request. submitted by the seller, if it does not comply with the standards specified in the Minister of Finance Regulation No.27 / PMK.06 / 2016.
Post and Cargo Monopoly Practices by Airport Management (Case Study of Hasanudin Airport dan Kualanamu Airport)
Authors: Hutabarat Sylvana Murni Deborah , Taupiqqurrahman Taupiqqurrahman
Published: March 2021

The continued development of the world economy with increasing competition in various businesses including the aviation business. Indonesia's own aviation business where management is centralized which is given to PT Angkasa Pura I and II as companies that manage large airports throughout Indonesia. The airport management rights were later misused by PT Angkasa Pura I and II to conduct monopolistic practices. Based on the decisions of the Commission, both companies should be excluded from the application of the Competition Law, proved to have committed abuse of monopoly power by creating barriers to entry for other business actors. And the activities carried out by the airport management in the process of cargo and mail at airports not included exceptions contained in the Act. No. 5 of 1999 regarding monopolistic practices and unfair business competition because of what was done by the airport management have broad impact to the national economy due pentetapan too high a rate which causes the price of goods that dikirimakan through cargo and mail also increased, as well as their indekasi monopolistic practices such as other businesses can not carry on business without government approval of airport and PT. Angkasa Pura I and II
The Effect of Situational Leadership and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance Through Job Satisfaction
Authors: Ridlwan Muhammad , Purwandari Dian Alfia , Rahmat Syah Tantri Yanuar
Published: March 2021

Performance is an essential factor in an organization; increasing organizational performance can be affected by the leadership and organizational culture. Good leadership and organizational culture will create job satisfaction for employees, thereby improving employee performance in the organization. The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the effect of situational leadership and organizational culture on employee performance with job satisfaction as an intervening variable. This study employed Structural Equation Modeling analysis using a sample of 275 employees of fire management and rescue of the North Jakarta administration. The data were analyzed using Lisrel software. The results showed that situational leadership and organizational culture did not have a significant relationship with performance directly. Nevertheless, situational leadership and organizational culture had a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, while job satisfaction had a positive and significant effect on employee performance. It is suggested that the organization needs to pay attention to job satisfaction which is a significant factor in improving employee performance. Further researchers can replicate the model in a different context to verify the applicability of the model.
Analysis of The Theory of Embryo Formation from Male Sperm and Lack of Attention to Female Sperm in Quranic Verses
Authors: Esmi Ghayehbashi Samad
Published: March 2021

The creation of man, especially the stages of his development in the fetus, is one of the complex issues and wonders of creation in the world. Before Islam and even years later, various views were expressed about how the fetus was originated. Based on the science of embryology, it has been proven that both man and woman are involved in the formation of the fetus. It is claimed that the phrase "a leaping drop" in the verse "He is created from a leaping drop" means a jumping water and refers to the sperm of man. Therefor the female sperm has not mentioned in fetus formation. In response, it can be said: Contrary to popular belief, one of the meanings of the phrase is "fast and moving fluid" and the word "dāfiq" (i.e. leaping) as a subject refers to the intrinsic motion of human creation material and it is considered as one of the secrets of the Qur'an. In other verses of the Holy Qur'an, the creation of man from the "a mingled sperm" is also specified, which refers to the mixing of the sperm of man and woman.
Negotiation of Female Information Integration in Choosing Leaders (Case Study of Information Integration of Muslimat NU in Choosing Khofifah Indar Parawangsa as Governor of East Java in Magetan)
Authors: Pangastuti Fitri , Utari Prihastiwi , Satyawan Agung
Published: March 2021

Politics and women are the main discourse now never ending. Politics as an instrument for recruiting leaders must deal with various factors, including from a religious perspective. Among the jurists, it is almost agreed that a woman is not allowed or prohibited to become a head of state, because she is identical to an imam or caliph. The prohibition of women from becoming heads of state is a hadith narrated by Imam Bukhari from Abu Bakrah; Prophet SAW. said when he heard that the Persians adopted the daughter Kisra after her death as ruler. "It will never be fortunate for a people to hand over their power (government) to a woman". Islamic Sharia is very clearly stated in the Al Quran. Islam does not allow public leadership, such as: president, governor, regent or the like are held by women based on various arguments mentioned in the Qur'an and sunnah including the letter an Nisa which means "Men are men. is a leader for women? ". The above argument strongly emphasizes that women do not have the slightest opportunity as leaders, even within the scope of regional heads. In addition, the identity of women's communication in politics is still based on the stigma of ascribed status not because of Achievement status. However, the election of Khofifah Indar Parawangsa, whose knowledge is that she is a woman is contrary to this argument. In fact, he was able to be elected Governor of East Java and was able to be accepted by Muslimat NU, especially in the Magetan area. This makes the author want to further investigate the phenomenon that occurs. The research was conducted using qualitative research, namely research procedures that produce descriptive data in the form of words written or spoken from people and observable behavior. According to the research, it was found that in the negotiation of women's information integration in choosing leaders, there were valence and assessment weights.
The Education Value of Religious Characters in Assalamualaikum Beijing Novel by Asma Nadia
Authors: Afrila Tysa Mekar , Suyitno Suyitno , Setiawan Budhi
Published: March 2021

This study aims to describe the education value of religious character in Assalamualaikum Beijing novel by Asma Nadia. The method which is used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The data source in this research is Assalamualaikum Beijing novel by Asma Nadia. The data in this study is the education value of religious character in Assalamualaikum Beijing novel by Asma Nadia. The data collection techniques in this study used documentation study techniques. The validity of the data in this study used theoretical triangulation technique. The data analysis technique in this study used interactive data analysis techniques. The results of the study found that the education value of religious character in Assalamualaikum Beijing novel by Asma Nadia is a form of religious relationship between humans and God, including piety, prayer, repentance, and tauhid. The form of the religious value of human relations includes affection and kindness. The results of this research can be used as a media to strengthen the religious character of students through literary learning.
A Comparison and Evaluation of the Views and Arguments of Commentators and Scholars About the Quality of Torment of Metamorphosis
Authors: Mir Ahmadi Abdullah , Turkman Hossein , Naqdalian Parvaneh
Published: March 2021

The torment of metamorphosis is one of the traditions of divine correction that afflicts a person or special group following religious and moral deviations. Such a tradition is reported in the verses of the Qur'an in two ways: One of them is apparent metamorphosis that belonged to the people of Israel Who suffered it for disobeying the ban on fishing and using trickery. And the other is spiritual metamorphosis that is general and not belong to a particular nation and all human beings are suffered to it. Many verses with different words have reminded of the second type of torment. There is disagreement among the commentators of Sunni and the Shiite about the formal metamorphosis of the children of Israel. This difference has led to three views among them with different arguments. The Wise Men, especially the followers of Sadra's wisdom, while adhering to the appearances of verses and hadiths, based on the theory of divine metempsychosis and the type of types, it provides a more accurate approximation that includes external and internal metamorphosis. These views are based on the sequence of the bodies of the population and attention to the middle type and the lower genius. In this research, by means of content analysis. We will examine and evaluate the views and reasons of commentators and scholars about the quality and types of metamorphosis.
Does Technology Change Families? A Tri -Angulation Discussion on the Relation of Family & Technology
Authors: Shojanoori Forough , Sadidpour Samaneh Sadat
Published: March 2021

Families have moved, or have been moved, from the streets into their homes or more specifically, into their bedrooms. Digital technology – computer games, mobiles & the internet and email are referred to as new technology when they are discussed in relation to Health & structure of families and Many parents, clinicians, researchers, and policy makers are concerned that electronic tools, especially those featuring violent content, may be harmful to individuals especially youths. This article is a documentary study, combination of multiple focus is chosen. In this article, Internet, Mobile and computer games. This article looks into the role of the technology on families. Specifically, it examines how the mediated space that this technology creates matters. Technological change often creates ungrounded fears but also overinflated hopes. In order to minimize risks and to seize chances, systematic, empirical, and ideally experimental research is crucial in all over the world. Major changes in family structure and environments might potentially severely disrupt family functioning, thus diminishing a family’s ability to cope with stress, so by the advent of a technology.
TO KILL THE SON: THE DEATH OF THE HEIRS TO THE THRONE IN THE MECHANICS OF MEDIA OBLIVION
Authors: Artamonov Denis , Tikhonova Sophia V.
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the mechanics of oblivion in the structure of historical memory in the digital environment (media memory). Th e authors consider media memory as a system of selection of emotionally colored ideas about the Past, in which oblivion plays the role of a fi lter established by censorship and mythologizing practices. Using the example of two specifi c historical events, the murder of the heirs of the throne by the royal fathers, they show how the mechanism of oblivion works by comparing historiographical, mythological and media narratives. Th e empirical basis of the media narrative research is Internet memes dedicated to Ivan the Terrible and Peter I. Th e authors come to the conclusion that the censorship and ideological practice of state mythology refused to distort the historiographical conventions about the analyzed events in favor of their displacement. Empirical data demonstrate the displacement of the moral aspect in the assessment of events due to the humorous strategy of their interpretation.
PARTIAL FILM ADAPTATIONS OF ALFRED DÖBLIN’S NOVEL “BERLIN ALEXANDERPLATZ” IN RAINER WERNER FASSBINDER’S EARLY FILMS
Authors: Eliseeva Aleksandra V.
Published: March 2021

The film “Berlin Alexanderplatz” by Rainer Werner Fassbinder is considered to be one of the most famous literary fi lm adaptations in the fi lm history. Extensive research literature has been devoted to its study. Much less researched is the infl uence of Döblin’s novel on other works of the fi lmmaker. Th e article deals with taking over the elements of the novel “Berlin Alexanderplatz” into Fassbinder’s early fi lms. Fassbinder has borrowed constellations, plots, topoi especially those dealing with gender issues from the novel by Döblin for his fi lms “Love Is Colder Th an Death” (1969), “Gods of the Plague” (1970) and “Rio das Mortes” (1971). In the aforementioned fi lms, as in Döblin’s novel, triangular relationships are represented, the women exchange is practiced, the misogynistic protagonists exert violence against the female characters, and the woman appears as a festive link, as a copula between the men. In these fi lms, ‘Mannerbund’ in the form of criminal organizations plays an important role. Quotations and borrowings from Döblin’s novel in Fassbinder’s fi lms create a special kind of intermediality relations that diff er from fi lm adaptation in the narrow sense of the word. Following Achim von Haag the term “partial adaptation” is used here as an intensive reception of narrative structures of the literary text on the one hand and their strong modifi cation on the other.
“Isn't it weird if a contemporary Japanese girl speaks Church Slavonic?”
Authors: Kovalenin D. , Maksimova E.S.
Published: March 2021

Dmitry Kovalenin is an orientalist, graduate of the Far Eastern State University, translator into Russian of Haruki Murakami’s books “Th e Wild Sheep Chase”, “Dance Dance Dance”, “Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World”, “Aft er Dark”, “1Q84”. Author of the books, “Entertaining Murakami studies” (2004), “Made in Hipponia” (2005), “Zombies of our century. Entertaining Murakami studies from ‘Subway’ to ‘1Q84’” (2020). In this issue of PI, chief inspirator of Murakami fandom in Russia, Dmitry Kovalenin, explains why Japanese people laugh at Russian jokes only out of politeness, why translators “improve” Dostoevsky, and where to look for “Chekhov's infl uence” in Murakami’s texts.
Assessment of job satisfaction among community pharmacists in Baghdad, Iraq: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ibrahim Inas R. , Ibrahim Mohamed I. , Majeed Ibrahim A. , Alkhafaje Zahraa
Published: March 2021

Background: Pharmacists have the unique position of providing safe and effective care. Hence, addressing their feelings about their working life is crucial to provide good pharmacy services.

Objective: this study aimed to assess job satisfaction among Iraqi community pharmacists and determine the effect of pharmacist characteristics on job satisfaction.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among community pharmacists in Baghdad, the capital of Iraq. A simple random sample technique was adopted to select community pharmacists. A survey questionnaire using Warr-Cook-Wall satisfaction scale (ranging from extremely dissatisfied to extremely satisfied) was used to assess job satisfaction.

Results: Community pharmacists experienced moderate satisfaction with their jobs. The mean satisfaction score for all pharmacists was 20.4 (SD 3.7). The lowest mean scores occurred for recognition (1.4; SD 0.7), public respect (1.8; SD 0.9), and pharmacy regulations (1.9; SD 0.9). Job satisfaction was significantly affected by pharmacist characteristics, including gender (p<0.001), age (p<0.001), degree level (p=0.003), years in practice (p<0.001), working patterns (p< 0.001), and working hours (p<0.001). Regression analysis indicated pharmacist gender and age had the highest effect on job satisfaction, while, years in practice, working hours, and working pattern had the lowest effect.

Conclusions: Community pharmacists expressed moderate satisfaction with their jobs with satisfaction levels being affected by gender, age, years in practice, working patterns, and working hours. New strategies will require support for Iraqi pharmacists by the Ministry of Health and Syndicate of Iraqi Pharmacists before being included in extended pharmacy services.
EVOLUÇÃO DA DISPONIBILIDADE DE MEDICAMENTOS NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA NO RN SEGUNDO O PMAQ-AB
Authors: Martins Gomes de Gusmão Cristine , Alexandre Gonçalves Silva Fábio , Crislayne de Lima Paiva Jordana
Published: March 2021

A disponibilidade de medicamentos em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) é tão importante que influencia diretamente na qualidade do atendimento prestado pelas equipes de Atenção Primária que a compõem. Neste trabalho, avalia-se a disponibilidade de medicamentos nos municípios do Rio Grande do Norte (RN) a partir dos dados obtidos nos três ciclos do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB), através do sistema Retratos da Atenção Primária à Saúde, desenvolvido pelo Núcleo Avançado de Inovação Tecnológica (NAVI/IFRN). Para avaliar essa disponibilidade, elaborou-se um indicador que permitisse de forma fácil, em cada UBS e em cada município, agrupar as informações oriundas da aplicação do instrumento de avaliação externa do PMAQ-AB no que diz respeito a medicamentos. Os resultados mostram uma pequena melhora na disponibilidade média dos medicamentos em municípios do RN do primeiro para o segundo ciclo, mas uma pequena piora do segundo para o terceiro ciclo.
PADRÃO DE PROJETO FLUX PARA SISTEMAS DE INFORMAÇÃO NA ÁREA DA SAÚDE: UM ESTUDO DE CASO SOBRE O SISTEMA RETRATOS DA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE
Authors: José Doreto Aldiney , Ferreira de Lima Diêgo , Soares de Souza Beatriz , Epifânio de Lima e Silva Ítalo , Kaio de Araujo Rodrigues Isaque
Published: March 2021

No desenvolvimento web moderno existe uma forte tendência de dividir os elementos de uma interface em uma estrutura de componentes. Por mais que esta tendência esteja fundamentada em bons princípios, há algumas armadilhas que comprometem o ciclo de desenvolvimento de novos projetos e que não são sempre evitadas. Por essa razão, um time de desenvolvimento que não adota um padrão de projeto adequado pode se deparar com impactos negativos no tempo empregado para cada ciclo de desenvolvimento. Conforme a aplicação cresce, torna-se cada vez mais difícil encontrar erros, prover manutenção ao código, e até mesmo desenvolver novas funcionalidades. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo descreve a importância do conhecimento de padrões de projeto e a utilização do padrão Flux, apresentando o estudo de caso de um sistema chamado Retratos da Atenção Primária em Saúde, cuja missão é tornar os dados do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ) facilmente acessíveis.
Services of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP): An Assessment
Authors: PATLUNAG JHUN MARK
Published: March 2021

Corrections is one of the five pillars of the Criminal Justice System. The study aimed to assess the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) towards the inmates of the jails located in the Province of Agusan del Norte. The study used a descriptive method of research. The survey was given to the 317 inmates. The findings revealed that in the jails under the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, the majority of the inmates’ responses were slightly dissatisfied. In addition, the food budget of the inmates in the province of Agusan del Norte is not sufficient to provide a complete set of utensils and diet that would provide better nourishment to the inmates. The regular doctor is also not available to provide the regular evaluation of the inmates’ physical and other conditions. The nurse personnel is available but can’t cater to all the inmates’ needs towards emergency cases. Moreover, the Alternative learning system is inaccessible because the budget for school supplies and reading materials is insufficient. It was recommended that the National Government was comprised of the Executive, Legislative, and Judiciary must provide the budget for the creation of additional courts, appointed judges, public prosecutor, public lawyers, and Jail officers. The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology administration should seek a plan and intervention programs that enhance the Bureau’s current services.
Security Services of Saint Michael College of Caraga
Authors: LAURO CRES JOHN , BADIANG JOEMARIE , PATLUNAG JHUN MARK
Published: March 2021

Schools are said to be the second home of students. It should be as safe as the home of its clients and personnel. The main objective of this study was to determine the level of Security Services of Saint Michael College of Caraga. The study employed the descriptive type of research involving the Administrator, Teachers, and Students of Saint Michael College of Caraga in Nasipit, Agusan del Norte, as the study respondents. A universal sampling technique was utilized, covering 168 respondents. The findings of the study disclosed the following: the productive level of security services were effective; and, there was a significant difference in the perception of the level of effectiveness in security services as perceived by administrators, teachers, and students. The most important part of the study is planning. However, it is not possible to plan for security until a full risk assessment has been performed. Security planning involves enhancement or developing security policies and implement to prevent risk from becoming a reality. The program outlined in this paper is merely a guideline. Each school is different and will need to plan to create policies based upon its individual security goals and needs. This emphasis allows administration and safety and security in-charge to choose which tools and techniques are best suited to their school’s security needs.
THE ELEMENTAL CONTENT OF HAIR AS AN INDICATOR FOR NATURAL AND TECHNOGENIC CONDITION OF TASHKENT REGION
Authors:   Institute of Nuclear Physics Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Danilova E.A. , Osinskaya N.S. ,   Institute of Nuclear Physics Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Khusniddinova S.Kh. ,   Institute of Nuclear Physics Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Ahmedov Ya.A. ,   Institute of Nuclear Physics Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2021

The samples of soils, drinking water and hair of habitants of 15 districts in Tashkent region studied using the method of neutron activation analysis. The results obtained from soil and drinking water analyses indicated that contents of Zn, Co, Cu and other elements in a number of districts are higher in comparison with average values throughout the region. This is related to developed industry in these regions. The analysis of the habitants' hair also indicated increased values, which are caused by environmental contamination and working conditions. For generalized assessment of environmental condition it was suggested to use the logarithm of multiplication of the lithophylic elements (Ba, Ca, K, La, Na, Rb, Sc, Sr) content, characterizing the geochemical condition. And similarly, the logarithm of multiplication of potential pollutants, typical for this area, such as Br, Co, Cr, Sb, U, Zn content in soil, water and hair was used as conditional index of overall pollution. It was demonstrated, that fluctuations of lithophylic elements content logarithm value throughout the districts of the region are insignificant and fall within range of 3941, while logarithm values for the potential pollutants vary from 3.1 to 9.3. The distribution of a hypothetical integral pollutant is presented in the cartogram. The correlation analysis conducted has established a relationship between the content of elements in environmental objects and some diseases, indicating that increased or decreased content of elements in the hair is highly likely one of the signs of a particular disease, especially in environmentally disadvantaged districts of the region.
ANTIVIRAL, ANTIOXIDANT AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN A LOW DEGREE OF OXIDATION
Authors:   Zabolotny Institute of microbiology and virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Spivak M.Y. , Kaplunenko V.G. ,   Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies LTD, Kosinov M.V. ,   Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies LTD, Skalny A.V. ,   First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University
Published: March 2021

The review article studies the role of trace elements in protecting the body from viruses and focuses on the high antiviral activity of trace elements, which they exhibit if they are in a low degree of oxidation. Trace elements in a degree of oxidation make it possible to create new generation of antiseptics safe for humans. Has been discovered the mechanism of antiviral action of trace elements in a low degree of oxidation based on the suppression of electrostatic Coulomb interaction of virus with the cell. Sanitizers of a new generation can become effective prophylactic means for protecting the body from infection COVID-19 due to the fact that a vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is under development, and there are no direct drugs for it. Compositions of substances for pharmaceutical use based on antimicrobial trace elements in a low degree of oxidation, which can be used either directly or as raw materials for production of drugs against the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, are given. Aqueous solutions of trace element sanitizers are suitable for inhalation and intranasal application and can be used in the form of aerosol or spray for throat and nose or eye drops at the first symptoms of disease, as well as at high risks of infection.
MÖSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY OF FERROUS FUMARATE IN PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCT USED TO TREAT ANEMIA
Authors:   KFU, Vagizov F.G. , Pineda M. J. Nicolas ,   KFU
Published: March 2021

The World Health Organization (WHO) considers iron deficiency anemia a serious public health problem in developing countries and recommends the use of iron tablets containing iron II for prevention and treatment. The results of Mössbauer measurements of the drug “Ferretab”, which is widely used in medicine for the treatment and prevention of iron deficiency anemia, are presented. This drug contains fumarate iron, C4H2FeO4, and has a small amount of folic acid. In this paper, the temperature dependence of isomer shift and quadrupole splitting values of 57Fe nuclei in iron fumarate were studied. The measurements show that when the temperature increases, the isomer shift and quadrupole splitting of 57Fe nuclei in iron fumarate decreases, the decrease in the isomer shift value is associated with the second-order Doppler effect. Based on Mössbauer measurements, the Debye temperature of this drug was determined. The Debye temperature gives us information about the strong bonding of 57Fe atoms with the environment. A high temperature value means a strong bond and vice versa, a small temperature value means a bond with low rigidity. The coupling constant (Debye temperature) defined for “Ferretab” iron nuclei has been compared with different Debye temperatures found in previous studies on some iron deficiency anemia drugs. Additionally, the values were compared with various clinical studies conducted in in-vivo and in-vitro for comparison of the efficacy of some of the most commonly used drugs to treat and prevent iron deficiency anemia. According to these comparisons, it was established a possible relationship between the Debye temperature of the iron atoms of the drugs under study and their effectiveness. It was noted that the lower the Debye temperature of iron atoms of the drug, the more iron absorbs the human body.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF HAIR ESSENTIAL ELEMENT CONTENT IN CHILDREN WITH SPASTIC AND ATAXIC CEREBRAL PALSY
Authors:   Yaroslavl State University named after P.G. Demidov, Tinkov A.A. , Kuzmicheva A.P. ,   Yaroslavl State University named after P.G. Demidov
Published: March 2021

The objective of the present study is investigation of hair essential element content in children with different clinical forms of cerebral palsy (CP). Assessment of hair element content in children with spastic and ataxic cerebral palsy was performed using inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry. The obtained data demonstrate that hair cobalt, copper, manganese, and selenium levels were 33%, 9%, 19%, and 18% lower than those in the control group. At the same time, more profound differences were observed in patients with spastic diplegia, where the level of cobalt, copper, manganese, selenium, and vanadium was 33%, 9%, 20%, 18%, and 43% lower than in controls. A strong tendency to reduced hair iron and magnesium was also observed. Patients with ataxic cerebral palsy were characterized by 33%, 5%, and 21% lower hair cobalt, copper, and selenium content, whereas chromium levels exceeded the respective control values by 63%. In regression models only hair copper (β = -0.337; p < 0.001) and chromium (β = 0.214; p < 0.023) content were significantly associated with cerebral palsy in children. The observed differences may be associated with the role of metals in pathogenetic mechanisms of different forms of cerebral palsy.
La Brevísima: el fantasma y el árbol del crimen
Authors: Flores Esquivel Enrique
Published: March 2021

This work essays an approach to the most radical work of fray Bartolomé de Las Casas —A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies— through Sade’s writing system and, particularly, through the enlightenment of Roland Barthes’ reading in his book Sade, Fourier, Loyola which paradoxically places Las Casas in the dark side of a tradition often confused with the so-called “black legend” that can be defined by the title Barthes initially gave to his essay: “The Tree of Crime”. This work about crime, mise-en-scene and cruelty is deeply rooted in the Baroque, and also shows its multiple connections with the techniques of the image and imagination of Ignacio de Loyola.
Corazón de la oscuridad
Authors: Palazón Mayoral María Rosa
Published: March 2021

“Corazón de la oscuridad” [Heart of Darkness] takes up a title by Joseph Conrad; here darkness equals evil. It admits the polysemy of the word evil, which bounces back on its opposite good. In ancient philosophy, God was the Highest good, Christian religion left an imprint of this faith even in individuals who do not consider themselves religious. Even if we are not aware of it, many of the imprints that we carry inside ourselves (in the other self) move the affects. We must discover the manifested motive; then we discover the twinning character of the sacred, explicit in the patron saint festivities. Ancient rituals, however terrible we may judge them, lead to sociability as a symbol, and can become a manifestation of good and justice.
Dharma y yoga: dos aspectos de la traducción de la Bhagavadgītā al latín de August Wilhelm von Schlegel
Authors: Huarte Cuéllar Renato
Published: March 2021

August Wilhelm von Schlegel was one of those scholars who learnt Sanskrit as a way of understanding other languages and cultures in the first decades of the 19th Century. He was especially attracted to Oriental languages, since he had a Humanistic or Classic education that included Latin among other subjects. In 1823 Schlegel translated the Bhagavadgītā from Sanskrit to Latin. What were the intentions of doing such translation? What can be thought around his work? This paper tries to give some answers through an approach to the concepts dharma and yoga in two passages of the translation.
POLA-POLA KOMUNIKASI DALAM INTERAKSI JUAL BELI DI PASAR LOAK “BLOK M” JEMBER
Authors: Fatima Siti , Subaharianto Andang , Hariyadi Edy
Published: March 2021

This research observes the communication patterns in the buying and selling interactions that occur between buyers and sellers at the "Blok M" flea market in Jember. The object of research is focused on used book sellers, and used clothing sellers (babebo). The purpose of this study is to describe the communication patterns that are formed through the process of interaction and reveal the cultural themes contained in the buying and selling interaction activities between sellers and buyers in the Jember "Blok M" flea market. To achieve the research objectives ethnographic analysis of the James P. Spradley model is used which includes domain analysis, taxonomic analysis, compound analysis, and cultural themes. The results is in the buying and selling interactions in the Jember "Blok M" flea market, active sellers direct the interaction and passive buyers in responding to the point of the conversation. In buying and selling transactions with buyers, the services provided by used booksellers are very fast and the tempo of interaction used by sellers is very short. Perlokusi utterances made by used book sellers are done as an effort to establish good relations with buyers. If the relationship can be established more closely then the buyer will feel satisfied (satisfy) and will remain a customer. The cultural theme in the process of economic transactions between used book sellers and buyers is the establishment of socio-emotional ties in order to strengthen relations and mutual respect to help long-term economic cooperation.
PEMEROLEHAN BAHASA KEDUA PADA ANAK BERKEBANGSAAN SOMALIA DI TANGERANG SELATAN
Authors: Aryanto Dedy Eko
Published: March 2021

Ahmad, a four-year 8-month-old Somali child who lives in South Tangerang, communicates in an English speaking family, occasionally his mother communicates using Indonesian. Ahmad is unique in speaking both languages. He can speak English fluently and speak Indonesian mixed with English fluently too. The purpose of this study is to determine the second language acquisition system and forms of second language understanding for Ahmad, both in the structure of question sentences and answer sentences. The research data is in the form of language. There are words and sentences that Ahmad used when having a dialogue with the researcher and his mother. Information is collected using " Simak Libat Cakap" (involved conversation observation technique) and listening method with note-taking design and the interview to Ahmad's parents. The classified data were analyzed using descriptive-analytical methods. The results show that Ahmad is a Somali child who speaks English as a mother tongue, and Indonesian as his second language caused by family environmental factors and his mother's laundry workplace, playmates, and social media youtube and television when watching a film with his mother. Ahmad can speak Indonesian mixed with English by having the right grammatical meaning and understanding and answering the researchers' questions and his mother's questions using Indonesian. Phonologically, Ahmat cannot pronounce the sound /r/ and sound /s/. He pronounces the sound /r/ always with the sound /l/, and sound /s/ it is always replaced by the sound /c/.
THE SPIRIT OF FREEDOM AGAINST DEHUMANIZATION IN FREDERICK DOUGLASS’ THE NARRATIVE LIFE OF FREDERICK DOUGLASS, AN AMERICAN SLAVE
Authors: Cahyawati Erna
Published: March 2021

American romanticism is a literary movement in the 19th century that upholds individualism, and freedom from all forms of confinement of convention, oppression or tyranny. This study focuses on abolitionism or the anti-slavery movement found in Frederick Douglass's autobiographical novel entitled The Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave. This study explores American romantic literature's characteristics in the book by capturing the dehumanization experienced by black American slaves and their spirit of resistance to the white oppression. The method used is the inductive method and descriptive method. The results showed that black people could gain confidence in striving for equality and freedom from white oppression by learning to read and write.
REPRESENTASI NILAI PERJUANGAN DALAM NOVEL BERHENTI DI KAMU KARYA GIA PRATAMA
Authors: Rumadi Hadi
Published: March 2021

Background of this research is about life struggle in the novel entitled Berhenti di Kamu (#BERHENTIDIKAMU) by Gia Pratama. Values ​​are general guidelines to direct human action refer to good and wrong based on the rules to act according to the rules, whether in religion, moral, or social reflecting the beauty and harmony. The research problem is how to represent the value of the main character's struggle in the novel Berhenti di Kamu. The research aims to describe the importance ​​of the battle of life in the novel Berhenti di Kamu. This research's benefit is developing educational theory, especially the idea of values for giving appreciation to the literary works full of life values. This research method is qualitative research. The analysis shows that the importance ​​of struggle is not only physical fighting but also intrapersonal fighting or fighting. Berhenti di Kamu by Gia Pratama explores the internal conflict, which makes the reader perceives the indirect moral lesson. The value of struggle is the outcome of a human's efforts in undergoing the experience, challenges, and problems in life. The importance ​​of conflicts illustrates how big a person's struggle in their life. Human life is inseparable from the human battle itself.
MODERNISASI PENDIDIKAN: POTRET DINAMIKA SOSIAL PENDIDIKAN PESANTREN DALAM NOVEL NEGERI 5 MENARA KARYA AHMAD FUADI
Authors: Wardani Naeli , Saputra Heru S.P. , Mustamar Sunarti
Published: March 2021

This research discusses the pesantren (Islamic boarding school) education system's reflection in the novel entitled Negeri 5 Menara. The research method used is qualitative in the sociology of literature approach. It is used to cover up the author's social context, literature as a reflection of society, and literature's social function. The study results in the author's social context show that author creativity is motivated by the author's experience and social construction of the author's ideology. In literature as a reflection of society, it described some similarities are found between Pondok Madani and Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor (PMDG) in implementing a modern education system. It shows that the novel is a representation of social conditions. Modernity in the education system at the pesantren includes jasus [spy], the strict of time discipline, discipline in dress, mudhaharah (speech in three languages), memorization of Arabic vocabulary, use of foreign languages (Arabic and English), a system of admission with selection, and extracurricular activities. In the social function of literature, there are several responses from readers in assessing the novel Negeri 5 Menara's benefits. The author's contribution in giving a message to readers is focused on the function of socio-educationalism.
REPRESENTASI MAKNA VERBAL DAN FUNGSI DALAM PEPATAH BAHASA KAILI DIALEK RAI DI SULAWESI TENGAH
Authors: Ulinsa Ulinsa
Published: March 2021

The formulation of the problem in this study, namely (1) what verbal meanings are represented in the proverb in the Kaili language, Rai dialect? and (2) what function is represented in the proverb of Kaili in the Rai dialect? The research objectives, namely (1) to describe the representation of verbal meanings in the proverbial Kaili language in the Rai dialect and (2) to describe the functions represented in the proverb in the Kaili language in the Rai dialect. This type of research is qualitative with the method used is descriptive. The research was conducted in Tondo Village, Sirenja District, Donggala Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. The data source is in the form of oral sources (determining the informant). Data collection techniques in this study used field research techniques, namely observation, interviews, recording and recording. The data analysis technique is done by; collect data, reduce data, present data, and conclude. The results showed that in the proverb of the ethnic Kaili, the amount of 16 represented two forms of meaning, namely denotative meaning and connotative meaning.
DEIKSIS PERSONA DALAM FILM DUA GARIS BIRU KARYA GINA S. NOER PRODUKSI STARVISION DAN WAHANA KREATOR
Authors: Fahrunisa Nida , Utomo Asep Purwo Yudi
Published: March 2021

Person deixis can be found in various speeches, both located in everyday speech and dialogue between characters in a film, including Dua Garis Biru. This study aims to classify and analyze the kinds of person deixis and their functions in the movie Dua Garis Biru. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The data analysis in this study used a pragmatic approach. They are collecting data using the observation method with note-taking techniques. The results showed that the types of personal deixis used in the film Dua Garis Biru are single and plural form. They are singular and plural first person deixis, singular and plural second-person deixis, and third single and plural third person deixis. Each type of person deixis has a different function according to its context and reference. The singular first-person deixis is saya, aku (English: I/me),gue and gua (English:I/me in informal style),-ku (English: my). The first person deixis in the plural is kita and kami (English: we/us). The single second person deixis used in the film Dua Garis Biru is kamu (English: you), -mu (English: your), loe and lu (English: you), while the second person plural deixis is kalian (English: you). The third person deixis consists of singular third-person deixis, namely he/her or his/her, and the plural third-person deixis, namely they/their/them and everybody. The use of deixis is influenced by familiarity, age, social status, and speech situation.