bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Larvicidal Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Extracts ofAmbrosia arborescens(Asteraceae) to ControlAedes aegyptiL. (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Morejón Bianca , Pilaquinga Fernanda , Domenech Flavia , Ganchala Danny , Debut Alexis , Neira Marco
Published: April 2018

The mosquito speciesAedes aegyptiis the primary vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika infections worldwide. Since effective vaccines or drugs are not available for the prevention and/or treatment of these pathologies, vector control has been adopted as the main approach to reduce their transmission. To controlAedespopulations, the most commonly used tool is the application of chemical insecticides and, despite their effectiveness, indiscriminate use of these chemicals has led to high operational costs, appearance of resistant populations, and adverse nontarget effects. Plant-derived insecticides may be an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and safe biocontrol alternative. The present study was carried out to evaluate the larvicidal activity of leaf extracts ofAmbrosia arborescensand green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous extracts obtained from this plant against third instar larvae ofAe. aegypti. To test this, larvae were exposed for 24 h to the aqueous plant extract at 1500, 3000, 4500, and 6000 ppm and the plant-synthesized AgNPs at 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 ppm. In laboratory assays, AgNPs were more toxic (LC50 = 0.28 ppm; LC90 = 0.43 ppm) than the plant extract (LC50 = 1844.61 ppm; LC90 = 6043.95 ppm). These results suggest thatA. arborescensaqueous extract and green-synthesized silver nanoparticles produced from those extracts have the potential to be developed into suitable alternative tools useful for the control ofAe. aegyptipopulations.
A Review of Surgical Outcomes and Advances for Macular Holes
Authors: Zhao Peng-peng , Wang Shuang , Liu Nan , Shu Zhi-min , Zhao Jin-song
Published: April 2018

The surgical outcomes of macular holes (MHs) have improved greatly in recent years. The closure rate is as high as 90–100%, but the outcomes of some special types of MHs remain unsatisfactory. Internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling dramatically improves the anatomic success rate, but recent studies have found that it could also cause mechanical and subclinical traumatic changes to the retina. Dyes are widely used, and apart from indocyanine green (ICG), the toxicities of other dyes require further research. Face-down posturing is necessary for MHs larger than 400 μm, and the duration of this posture is determined by the type of tamponade and the case. The ellipsoid zone has been shown to be highly correlated with visual outcome and recovery. New surgical methods include the inverted ILM flap technique and the ILM abrasion technique. However, they require further research to determine their effectiveness.
The Equivalent Linearization Method with a Weighted Averaging for Solving Undamped Nonlinear Oscillators
Authors: Hieu D. V. , Hai N. Q. , Hung D. T.
Published: April 2018

The Equivalent Linearization Method (ELM) with a weighted averaging is applied to analyze five undamped oscillator systems with nonlinearities. The results obtained via this method are compared with the ones achieved by Parameterized Perturbation Method (PPM), Min–Max Approach (MMA), Variational Iteration Method (VIM), Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM), Energy Balance Method (EBM), Harmonic Balance Method (HBM), 4th-Order Runge-Kutta Method, and the exact ones. The obtained results demonstrate that this method is very convenient for solving nonlinear equations and also can be successfully applied to a lot of practical engineering and physical problems.
Origin and Role of Kaolinization in Roll-Front Uranium Deposits and Its Response to Ore-Forming Fluids in the Yili Basin, China
Authors: Liu Z. Y. , Peng S. P. , Qin M. K. , Liu H. X. , Geng Y. Y. , Zhang X. , Ding B. , Xiu X. Q.
Published: April 2018

Kaolinite is a common mineral found in most Chinese sandstone-hosted uranium deposits. It occurs particularly in coal-bearing clastic rocks in northwest China, such as the uranium deposits in the Yili Basin, which is well known for hosting several large-scale roll-front uranium deposits. Previous studies have provided limited information on the origin of kaolinization and its role in the uranium mineralization. This study uses gas hydrocarbon, fluid inclusions, O and H isotope analysis, and scanning electron microscopy observations to investigate the formation of kaolinite in ore-hosting rocks from the Mengqiguer uranium deposit in the southern margin of the Yili Basin and to determine its role in the uranium mineralization. Results suggest that kaolinization is intense in the coal- and ore-bearing clastic rocks and that it is related to leaching of feldspar by acidic fluids. Vermicular kaolinite was formed by hydrocarbon-bearing fluid generated from coal and carbonaceous mudstone during a shallow-burial diagenetic stage at low homogenization temperatures ranging from 69 to 78°C and at relatively high salinities of 7.6−11.0 wt%  NaCleq. Consequently, silicate minerals (such as feldspar) were leached and created secondary pores that hosted the subsequently formed uranium minerals. In contrast, micritic kaolinite was formed by infiltration of meteoric fluid enriched in U and O2 at low homogenization temperatures of 51−63°C and low salinities of 1.2−3.7 wt%  NaCleq. U6+ was sorbed by the micritic kaolinite through cation exchange, forming a U-bearing kaolinite complex; it was also reduced by pyrite and carbon detrital, thereby precipitating at the acidic oxidation front. The results of this study confirm that intense kaolinization is closely related to uranium mineralization in coal-bearing clastic rocks.
Enhancing User Experiences of Mobile-Based Augmented Reality via Spatial Augmented Reality: Designs and Architectures of Projector-Camera Devices
Authors: Siriborvornratanakul Thitirat
Published: April 2018

As smartphones, tablet computers, and other mobile devices have continued to dominate our digital world ecosystem, there are many industries using mobile or wearable devices to perform Augmented Reality (AR) functions in their workplaces in order to increase productivity and decrease unnecessary workloads. Mobile-based AR can basically be divided into three main types: phone-based AR, wearable AR, and projector-based AR. Among these, projector-based AR or Spatial Augmented Reality (SAR) is the most immature and least recognized type of AR for end users. This is because there are a small number of commercial products providing projector-based AR functionalities in a mobile manner. Also, prices of mobile projectors are still relatively high. Moreover, there are still many technical problems regarding projector-based AR that have been left unsolved. Nevertheless, it is projector-based AR that has potential to solve a fundamental problem shared by most mobile-based AR systems. Also the always-visible nature of projector-based AR is one good answer for solving current user experience issues of phone-based AR and wearable AR systems. Hence, in this paper, we analyze what are the user experience issues and technical issues regarding common mobile-based AR systems, recently widespread phone-based AR systems, and rising wearable AR systems. Then for each issue, we propose and explain a new solution of how using projector-based AR can solve the problems and/or help enhance its user experiences. Our proposed framework includes hardware designs and architectures as well as a software computing paradigm towards mobile projector-based AR systems. The proposed design is evaluated by three experts using qualitative and semiquantitative research approaches.
Physicochemical Parameters and Fish Assemblages in the Downstream River of a Tropical Hydroelectric Dam Subjected to Diurnal Changes in Flow
Authors: Nyanti Lee , Noor-Azhar Noor-Iskandar , Soo Chen-Lin , Ling Teck-Yee , Sim Siong-Fong , Grinang Jongkar , Ganyai Tonny , Lee Karen-Suan-Ping
Published: April 2018

The downstream river of the tropical Batang Ai Dam is experiencing diurnal flow fluctuation due to power generation operation. Three samplings were conducted to collect the water quality and fish assemblage data and one sampling was conducted to study the hydrological characteristics of the downstream river. The results show that the downstream river is extremely shallow and moves slowly when the power generation is halted and no water is discharged from the powerhouse. Significant correlations between river flow and pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS), and five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) indicated that those parameters were influenced by the water discharge regulation. Fish abundance was low in upstream segment but it gradually increased as distance from the dam increased and was significantly correlated with DO. Fish diversity in the downstream river was influenced by the river depth and chlorophyll a concentration. The most abundant fish species, Cyclocheilichthys apogon, exhibited a negative allometric growth pattern, while Hampala macrolepidota and Hemibagrus planiceps exhibited an isometric growth pattern. Fulton’s condition factor (K) values for 89.4% of H. planiceps were ≤1, indicating poor to extremely poor conditions.
Metal Nanoparticles: Thermal Decomposition, Biomedicinal Applications to Cancer Treatment, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Odularu Ayodele Temidayo
Published: April 2018

Monodispersed forms of metal nanoparticles are significant to overcome frightening threat of cancer. This review examined pragmatically thermal decomposition as one of the best ways to synthesize monodispersed metal nanoparticles which are stable and of small particle sizes. Controlled morphology for delivery of anticancer agent to specific cells can also be obtained with thermal decomposition. In addition to thermal decomposition, the study also looked into processes of characterization techniques, biological evaluation, toxicity of nanoparticles, and future perspectives.
Evaluation of the Influence of Jiangxiang Reservoir Immersion on Corp and Residential Areas
Authors: Chen Jing , Huang Yong , Yang Yongmei , Wang Jingjing
Published: April 2018

Reservoir immersion is an environmental geological issue. Jiangxiang reservoir was taken as an example, where both analytical and numerical methods were employed to calculate the banked-up water level after reservoir impoundment, based on the hydrological, meteorological, geological, and hydrogeological conditions. The capillary rise height of soils in the reservoir area was determined through in situ measurement and laboratory analysis. The depth of foundation and crop roots in residential areas can be obtained by field investigation. The critical depth to groundwater was calculated according to the height of capillary rise and land elevation. Furthermore, the influence of reservoir immersion was evaluated, which provides a scientific basis for the relocation of people in reservoir areas, planting of crops, and project investment.
Silencing of Long Noncoding RNA MIR22HG Triggers Cell Survival/Death Signaling via Oncogenes YBX1, MET, and p21 in Lung Cancer
Authors: Su Wenmei , Feng Shumei , Chen Xiuyuan , Yang Xia , Mao Rui , Guo Chunfang , Wang Zhuwen , Thomas Dafydd G. , Lin Jules , Reddy Rishindra M. , Orringer Mark B. , Chang Andrew C. , Yang Zhixiong , Beer David G. , Chen Guoan
Published: April 2018

The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) MIR22HG has previously been identified as a prognostic marker in hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of lncRNA expression profiles from RNA-Seq data and report that MIR22HG plays a similar role in lung cancer. Analysis of 918 lung cancer and normal lung tissues and lung cancer cell lines revealed that MIR22HG was significantly downregulated in lung cancer; this decreased expression was associated with poor patient survival. MIR22HG bound and stabilized the YBX1 protein. Silencing of MIR22HG triggered both cell survival and cell death signaling through dysregulation of the oncogenes YBX1, MET, and p21. In this MIR22HG network, p21 played an oncogenic role by promoting cell proliferation and antiapoptosis in lung cancers. MIR22HG played a tumor-suppressive role as indicated by inhibition of multiple cell cycle–related genes in human primary lung tumors. These data show that MIR22HG has potential as a new diagnostic and prognostic marker and as a therapeutic target for lung cancer.

Significance: The lncRNA MIR22HG functions as a tumor suppressor, with potential use a diagnostic/prognostic marker and therapeutic target in lung cancer. Cancer Res; 78(12); 3207–19. ©2018 AACR.
Recurrent Patterns of Protein Expression Signatures in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Recognition and Therapeutic Guidance
Authors: Hoff Fieke W. , Hu Chenyue W. , Qiu Yihua , Ligeralde Andrew , Yoo Suk-Young , Scheurer Michael E. , de Bont Eveline S.J.M. , Qutub Amina A. , Kornblau Steven M. , Horton Terzah M.
Published: April 2018

Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric malignancy, and the second leading cause of pediatric cancer–related death in developed countries. While the cure rate for newly diagnosed ALL is excellent, the genetic heterogeneity and chemoresistance of leukemia cells at relapse makes individualized curative treatment plans difficult. We hypothesize that genetic events would coalesce into a finite number of protein signatures that could guide the design of individualized therapy. Custom reverse-phase protein arrays were produced from pediatric ALL (n = 73) and normal CD34+ (n = 10) samples with 194 validated antibodies. Proteins were allocated into 31 protein functional groups (PFG) to analyze them in the context of other proteins, based on known associations from the literature. The optimal number of protein clusters was determined for each PFG. Protein networks showed distinct transition states, revealing “normal-like” and “leukemia-specific” protein patterns. Block clustering identified strong correlation between various protein clusters that formed 10 protein constellations. Patients that expressed similar recurrent combinations of constellations comprised 7 distinct signatures, correlating with risk stratification, cytogenetics, and laboratory features. Most constellations and signatures were specific for T-cell ALL or pre-B-cell ALL; however, some constellations showed significant overlap. Several signatures were associated with Hispanic ethnicity, suggesting that ethnic pathophysiologic differences likely exist. In addition, some constellations were enriched for “normal-like” protein clusters, whereas others had exclusively “leukemia-specific” patterns.

Implications: Recognition of proteins that have universally altered expression, together with proteins that are specific for a given signature, suggests targets for directed combinatorial inhibition or replacement to enable personalized therapy. Mol Cancer Res; 16(8); 1263–74. ©2018 AACR.

See related article by Hoff et al., p. 1275
Swiss (German) Version of the Actinic Keratosis Quality of Life questionnaire
Authors: Meier Larissa S. , Schubert Maria , Göksu Yasemin , Esmann Solveig , Vinding Gabrielle R. , Jemec Gregor B.E. , Hofbauer Günther F.L.
Published: April 2018

Background: Actinic keratosis (AK) is a sun-induced skin lesion that may progress to invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Recently, the Actinic Keratosis Quality of Life questionnaire (AKQoL) was designed for patients with AK in Denmark as a specific quality of life instrument for AK patients. Objective: The objective of this study was to adapt the AKQoL for the German language region of Switzerland and to evaluate its psychometric properties (validity, reliability). Methods: Translation and cultural adaptation of the questionnaire were assessed by using the technique of cognitive interviewing. During the translation process, 34 patients with AK from the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, were interviewed in 3 sessions of cognitive interviewing. The translated questionnaire was then distributed together with the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) to a second group of 113 patients for validation and reliability testing. Within this group, we measured the internal consistency by the Cronbach coefficient α and Spearman correlation coefficient between the AKQoL and the DLQI. Results: The problems encountered during the translation process led to changes in 5 categories as described by Epstein: stylistic changes, change in breadth, change in actual meaning, change in frequency and time frame, change in intensity. We found a Cronbach α of 0.82, an acceptable internal consistency. The Spearman correlation coefficient between total scores of AKQoL and DLQI was 0.57. Conclusion: We culturally adapted and validated a Swiss (German) version of the AKQoL questionnaire applicable for the population of a university center in Switzerland to measure and monitor the quality of life in patients with AK.
The Ins and Outs of Myeloid Cells in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Schumski Ariane , Winter Carla , Döring Yvonne , Soehnlein Oliver
Published: April 2018

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammation of the arterial vessel wall that arises from an imbalanced lipid metabolism. A growing body of literature describes leukocyte recruitment as a critical step in the initiation and progression of lesion development. By contrast, the role of leukocytes during plaque regression has been described in less detail. Leukocyte egress might be an important step to resolving chronic inflammation and therefore it may be a promising target for limiting advanced lesion development. This review aims to summarize our current knowledge of leukocyte recruitment to the arterial vessel wall. We will discuss mechanisms of leukocyte egress from the lesion site, as well as potential therapeutic strategies to promote atherosclerotic regression.
Role of FNA and Special Stains in Rapid Cytopathological Diagnosis of Pulmonary Nocardiosis
Authors: Sood Ridhi , Tyagi Ruchita , Selhi Pavneet Kaur , Kaur Gursheen , Kaur Harpreet , Singh Akashdeep
Published: April 2018

Background: Nocardia, a gram-positive aerobic bacillus of the Actinomycetales family, is a significant opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised individuals. Clinical and radiological features of pulmonary nocardiosis are nonspecific and can be misdiagnosed as tuberculosis, pneumocystis, staphylococcal or fungal infections, or as malignancy. Aspiration cytology with special stains is a quick and effective approach for accurate diagnosis. Materials and Methods: We present 7 cases of pulmonary nocardiosis, admitted to the pathology department in a tertiary-care hospital in Punjab. Clinical findings, immune status, laboratory tests, chest radiographs, and computed tomography scans were reviewed. Cytologically, special stains like 1% Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN), 20% ZN, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Grocott methenamine silver (GMS), and reticulin stains were studied along with May-Grünwald Giemsa, Papanicolaou, and hematoxylin and eosin. Results: All the patients were immunocompromised. The radiological changes were nonspecific. Cytomorphology showed acute and chronic inflammatory infiltrates with necrosis. None of the cases showed well-defined granulomas. GMS, modified 1% ZN and, Gordon and Sweet reticulin stains highlighted the delicate filamentous bacteria in all cases. PAS and 20% ZN stain for tuberculous bacilli were uniformly negative. Conclusion: FNAC can provide a quick and accurate diagnosis of nocardiosis and thereby facilitate timely medical management.
Bubbles Induce Endothelial Microparticle Formation via a Calcium-Dependent Pathway Involving Flippase Inactivation and Rho Kinase Activation
Authors: Yu Xuhua , Xu Jiajun , Liu Wenwu , Xu Weigang
Published: April 2018

Background/Aims: Intravascular bubbles can exert pleiotropic detrimental effects, partly by inducing endothelial microparticles (EMPs) production, which play critical roles in cell communication and vascular inflammation cascades. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to delineate the possible mechanisms involving bubble-induced EMPs formation. Methods: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were contacted by bubbles and EMPs level in supernatant were quantified by flow cytometry. Cytoplasmic calcium (Ca2+) was measured by the Ca2+ binding dyes Fluo-3 AM and flippase activity was assessed by translocation rate of fluorescent phosphatidylserine (PS) analogue NBD-PS. Protein levels of phospho-myosin light chain (MLC, a Rho kinase substrate) and phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 or 2 (ERK1/2) were determined by western blotting. The score of actin colocalization was assessed by phalloidin-FITC using an immunofluorescent microscopy. Results: EMPs level markedly increased after bubble stimulus. Cytoplasmic calcium (Ca2+) significantly elevated (P< 0.05), flippase activity decreased (P< 0.05), protein levels of phospho- MLC and phospho- ERK1/2 significantly increased (P< 0.05, P < 0.05), and the score of actin colocalization markedly reduced (P< 0.05) in bubble-stimulated HUVECs. All the above changes except the increase in phospho-ERK1/2 can be reversed by Ca2+ channel blocker LaCl3 (P< 0.05). Additionally, MLC phosphorylation was significantly inhibited and actin colocalization markedly increased by Rho kinase inhibitor pretreatment and more importantly, bubble-induced EMPs markedly decreased. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that bubble stimulates EMPs formation by cytoplasmic Ca2+ elevation and subsequently activating Rho kinase pathway and cytoskeleton reorganization. Simultaneously, cytoplasmic Ca2+ inhibits the flippase activity and subsequently increases phosphatidylserine exposure, which also contributes to EMPs formation.
Effects of Baicalin on Diabetic Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy Mediated by the P2Y12 Receptor in Rat Stellate Ganglia
Authors: Sheng Xuan , Wang Jiayue , Guo Jingjing , Xu Yurong , Jiang Huaide , Zheng Chaoran , Xu Zixi , Zhang Yuanruohan , Che Hongyu , Liang Shangdong , Zhu Gaochun , Li Guilin
Published: April 2018

Background/Aims: Chronic diabetic hyperglycemia can damage various of organ systems and cause serious complications. Although diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy (DCAN) is the primary cause of death in diabetic patients, its pathogenesis remains to be fully elucidated. Baicalin is a flavonoid extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis root and has antibacterial, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, anti- metamorphotic, and antispasmodic effects. Our study explored the effects of baicalin on enhancing sympathoexcitatory response induced by DCAN via the P2Y12 receptor. Methods: A type 2 diabetes mellitus rat model was induced by a combination of diet and streptozotocin. Serum epinephrine was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured using the indirect tail-cuff method. Heart rate variability was analyzed using the frequency-domain of electrocardiogram recordings. The expression levels of P2Y12, interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and connexin 43 (Cx43) were determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The interaction between baicalin and P2Y12 determined using by molecular docking. Results: Baicalin alleviated elevated blood pressure and heart rate, improved heart rate variability, and decreased the elevated expression levels of P2Y12, IL-1β, TNF-α, and Cx43 in the stellate ganglia of diabetic rats. Baicalin also reduced the elevated concentration of serum epinephrine and the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in diabetic rats. Conclusion: Baicalin decreases sympathetic activity by inhibiting the P2Y12 receptor in stellate ganglia satellite glial cells to maintain the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves and relieves DCAN in the rat.
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor –173GC Variant Might Increase the Risk of Behçet’s Disease
Authors: Nursal Ayse Feyda , Yigit Serbulent , Tural Ercan , Kalkan Goknur , Tumer Mehmet Kemal , Tekcan Akin
Published: April 2018

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate any possible association between the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) –173GC variant and Behçet’s disease (BD) in a group of Turkish patients. Subjects and Methods: A total of 111 patients with BD and 100 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral lymphocytes. The MIF –173GC variant was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism. The allele and genotype frequencies of patients and controls were compared using the χ2 test. Results: A statistically significant difference in the distribution of the genotype was observed between BD patients and healthy controls. The homo-genotype CC was more prevalent in the patient group compared to the control group (p = 0.008, OR: 0.24, 95% Cl: 0.05–0.78). A significant association was observed when the patients were compared with the controls according to GG + GC versus CC ge­notypes (p = 0.003, OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 0.06–0.063). Allele frequencies of the MIF −173GC variant did not show any statistically significant difference between patients and controls. Conclusion: In this study, we conclude that the CC ge­notype of the MIF –173GC variant may be a risk factor in the pathogenesis of BD in the Turkish population. However, further studies with larger samples are needed to address the exact role of this variant in BD.
H19 Induces Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Development and Progression
Authors: Li Daniel Y. , Busch Albert , Jin Hong , Chernogubova Ekaterina , Pelisek Jaroslav , Karlsson Joakim , Sennblad Bengt , Liu Shengliang , Lao Shen , Hofmann Patrick , Bäcklund Alexandra , Eken Suzanne M. , Roy Joy , Eriksson Per , Dacken Brian , Ramanujam Deepak , Dueck Anne , Engelhardt Stefan , Boon Reinier A. , Eckstein Hans-Henning , Spin Joshua M. , Tsao Philip S. , Maegdefessel Lars
Published: April 2018

Background:

Long noncoding RNAs have emerged as critical molecular regulators in various biological processes and diseases. Here we sought to identify and functionally characterize long noncoding RNAs as potential mediators in abdominal aortic aneurysm development.

Methods:

We profiled RNA transcript expression in 2 murine abdominal aortic aneurysm models, Angiotensin II (ANGII) infusion in apolipoprotein E–deficient (
ApoE
−/−
) mice (n=8) and porcine pancreatic elastase instillation in C57BL/6 wild-type mice (n=12). The long noncoding RNA H19 was identified as 1 of the most highly upregulated transcripts in both mouse aneurysm models compared with sham-operated controls. This was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization.

Results:

Experimental knock-down of H19, utilizing site-specific antisense oligonucleotides (LNA-GapmeRs) in vivo, significantly limited aneurysm growth in both models. Upregulated H19 correlated with smooth muscle cell (SMC) content and SMC apoptosis in progressing aneurysms. Importantly, a similar pattern could be observed in human abdominal aortic aneurysm tissue samples, and in a novel preclinical
LDLR
−/−
(low-density lipoprotein receptor) Yucatan mini-pig aneurysm model. In vitro knock-down of H19 markedly decreased apoptotic rates of cultured human aortic SMCs, whereas overexpression of H19 had the opposite effect. Notably, H19-dependent apoptosis mechanisms in SMCs appeared to be independent of miR-675, which is embedded in the first exon of the H19 gene. A customized transcription factor array identified hypoxia-inducible factor 1α as the main downstream effector. Increased SMC apoptosis was associated with cytoplasmic interaction between H19 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and sequential p53 stabilization. Additionally, H19 induced transcription of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α via recruiting the transcription factor specificity protein 1 to the promoter region.

Conclusions:

The long noncoding RNA H19 is a novel regulator of SMC survival in abdominal aortic aneurysm development and progression. Inhibition of H19 expression might serve as a novel molecular therapeutic target for aortic aneurysm disease.
Predicting Intracerebral Hemorrhage Expansion With Noncontrast Computed Tomography
Authors: Morotti Andrea , Dowlatshahi Dar , Boulouis Gregoire , Al-Ajlan Fahad , Demchuk Andrew M. , Aviv Richard I. , Yu Liyang , Schwab Kristin , Romero Javier M. , Gurol M. Edip , Viswanathan Anand , Anderson Christopher D. , Chang Yuchiao , Greenberg Steven M. , Qureshi Adnan I. , Rosand Jonathan , Goldstein Joshua N.
Published: April 2018

Background and Purpose—

Although the computed tomographic angiography spot sign performs well as a biomarker for hematoma expansion (HE), computed tomographic angiography is not routinely performed in the emergency setting. We developed and validated a score to predict HE-based on noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) findings in spontaneous acute intracerebral hemorrhage.

Methods—

After developing the score in a single-center cohort of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (n=344), we validated it in a large clinical trial population (n=954) and in a multicenter intracerebral hemorrhage cohort (n=241). The following NCCT markers of HE were analyzed: hypodensities, blend sign, hematoma shape and density, and fluid level. HE was defined as hematoma growth >6 mL or >33%. The score was created using the estimates from multivariable logistic regression after final predictors were selected from bootstrap samples.

Results—

Presence of blend sign (odds ratio, 3.09; 95% confidence interval [CI],1.49–6.40;
P
=0.002), any intrahematoma hypodensity (odds ratio, 4.54; 95% CI, 2.44–8.43;
P
<0.0001), and time from onset to NCCT <2.5 hours (odds ratio, 3.73; 95% CI, 1.86–7.51;
P
=0.0002) were predictors of HE. A 5-point score was created (BAT score: 1 point for blend sign, 2 points for any hypodensity, and 2 points for timing of NCCT <2.5 hours). The c statistic was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.70–0.83) in the development population, 0.65 (95% CI 0.61–0.68) and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.64–0.77) in the 2 validation cohorts. A dichotomized score (BAT score ≥3) predicted HE with 0.50 sensitivity and 0.89 specificity.

Conclusions—

An easy to use 5-point prediction score can identify subjects at high risk of HE with good specificity and accuracy. This tool requires just a baseline NCCT scan and may help select patients with intracerebral hemorrhage for antiexpansion clinical trials.
Do Words Stink? Neural Reuse as a Principle for Understanding Emotions in Reading
Authors: Ziegler Johannes C. , Montant Marie , Briesemeister Benny B. , Brink Tila T. , Wicker Bruno , Ponz Aurélie , Bonnard Mireille , Jacobs Arthur M. , Braun Mario
Published: April 2018

How do we understand the emotional content of written words? Here, we investigate the hypothesis that written words that carry emotions are processed through phylogenetically ancient neural circuits that are involved in the processing of the very same emotions in nonlanguage contexts. This hypothesis was tested with respect to disgust. In an fMRI experiment, it was found that the same region of the left anterior insula responded whether people observed facial expressions of disgust or whether they read words with disgusting content. In a follow-up experiment, it was found that repetitive TMS over the left insula in comparison with a control site interfered with the processing of disgust words to a greater extent than with the processing of neutral words. Together, the results support the hypothesis that the affective processes we experience when reading rely on the reuse of phylogenetically ancient brain structures that process basic emotions in other domains and species.
Act Now, Play Later: Temporal Expectations Regarding the Onset of Self-initiated Sensations Can Be Modified with Behavioral Training
Authors: Elijah Ruth B. , Le Pelley Mike E. , Whitford Thomas J.
Published: April 2018

Mechanisms of motor-sensory prediction are dependent on expectations regarding when self-generated feedback will occur. Existing behavioral and electrophysiological research suggests that we have a default expectation for immediate sensory feedback after executing an action. However, studies investigating the adaptability of this temporal expectation have been limited in their ability to differentiate modified expectations per se from effects of stimulus repetition. Here, we use a novel, within-participant procedure that allowed us to disentangle the effect of repetition from expectation and allowed us to determine whether the default assumption for immediate feedback is fixed and resistant to modification or is amenable to change with experience. While EEG was recorded, 45 participants completed a task in which they repeatedly pressed a button to produce a tone that occurred immediately after the button press (immediate training) or after a 100-msec delay (delayed training). The results revealed significant differences in the patterns of cortical change across the two training conditions. Specifically, there was a significant reduction in the cortical response to tones across delayed training blocks but no significant change across immediate training blocks. Furthermore, experience with delayed training did not result in increased cortical activity in response to immediate feedback. These findings suggest that experience with action–sensation delays broadens the window of temporal expectations, allowing for the simultaneous anticipation of both delayed and immediate motor-sensory feedback. This research provides insights into the mechanisms underlying motor-sensory prediction and may represent a novel therapeutic avenue for psychotic symptoms, which are ostensibly associated with sensory prediction abnormalities.
Taxonomic assessment of Australian Eocyzicus species (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata)
Authors: TIPPELT LISA , SCHWENTNER MARTIN
Published: April 2018

Herein we describe nine species of Eocyzicus from Australia and re-describe the morphological variability of Eocyzicus parooensis Richter & Timms, 2005 and Eocyzicus argillaquus Timms & Richter, 2009. All species were previously delimited by molecular phylogenetic analyses and the species descriptions are based on the same individuals. Characters were scored with the aid of the taxonomic software DELTA. The morphological analyses largely corroborated the previously delimited species despite high levels of intraspecific variability that overlapped with interspecific variation in many instances. Morphological species delimitation was generally supported by principal component and canonical variate analyses. Characters best suited for morphological species identification were the numbers of growth lines on the carapace, the number of telsonic spines and the number of setae on the furca.
A new species of Liriomyza Mik (Diptera, Agromyzidae) on okra in Brazil
Authors: DE SOUSA VIVIANE RODRIGUES , COURI MÁRCIA SOUTO
Published: April 2018

Liriomyza okrae sp. n. is a new species from Brazil that does not have the yellow thoracic spots usually characteristic of the genus. The specimens were collected in Rondônia state (Brazil), reared from okra—Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench (Malvaceae). Detailed descriptions of adult male, larva and puparium are made, and images of the male, male terminalia, larva, puparium and host-plant are given. A key is provided for Neotropical Liriomyza with an entirely dark thorax.
Firm Turnover and the Return of Racial Establishment Segregation
Authors: Ferguson John-Paul , Koning Rembrand
Published: April 2018

Racial segregation between U.S. workplaces is greater today than it was a generation ago. This increase happened alongside declines in within-establishment occupational segregation, on which most prior research has focused. We examine more than 40 years of longitudinal data on the racial employment composition of every large private-sector workplace in the United States to calculate between- and within-establishment trends in racial employment segregation over time. We demonstrate that the return of racial establishment segregation owes little to within-establishment processes, but rather stems from differences in the turnover rates of more and less homogeneous workplaces. Present research on employment segregation focuses mainly on within-firm processes. By doing so, scholars may be overstating the country’s progress on employment integration and ignoring other avenues of intervention that may give greater leverage for further integrating firms.
Optimization of 3D Print Material for the Recreation of Patient-Specific Temporal Bone Models
Authors: Haffner Max , Quinn Austin , Hsieh Tsung-yen , Strong E. Bradley , Steele Toby
Published: April 2018

Objective:

Identify the 3D printed material that most accurately recreates the visual, tactile, and kinesthetic properties of human temporal bone

Subjects and Methods:

Fifteen study participants with an average of 3.6 years of postgraduate training and 56.5 temporal bone (TB) procedures participated. Each participant performed a mastoidectomy on human cadaveric TB and five 3D printed TBs of different materials. After drilling each unique material, participants completed surveys to assess each model’s appearance and physical likeness on a Likert scale from 0 to 10 (0 = poorly representative, 10 = completely life-like). The 3D models were acquired by computed tomography (CT) imaging and segmented using 3D Slicer software.

Results:

Polyethylene terephthalate (PETG) had the highest average survey response for haptic feedback (HF) and appearance, scoring 8.3 (SD = 1.7) and 7.6 (SD = 1.5), respectively. The remaining plastics scored as follows for HF and appearance: polylactic acid (PLA) averaged 7.4 and 7.6, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) 7.1 and 7.2, polycarbonate (PC) 7.4 and 3.9, and nylon 5.6 and 6.7.

Conclusion:

A PETG 3D printed temporal bone models performed the best for realistic appearance and HF as compared with PLA, ABS, PC, and nylon. The PLA and ABS were reliable alternatives that also performed well with both measures.
Standard Reference Line Combined with One-Point Calibration-Free Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) to Quantitatively Analyze Stainless and Heat Resistant Steel
Authors: Fu Hongbo , Wang Huadong , Jia Junwei , Ni Zhibo , Dong Fengzhong
Published: April 2018

Due to the influence of self-absorption of major elements, scarce observable spectral lines of trace elements, and relative efficiency correction of experimental system, accurate quantitative analysis with calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) is in fact not easy. In order to overcome these difficulties, standard reference line (SRL) combined with one-point calibration (OPC) is used to analyze six elements in three stainless-steel and five heat-resistant steel samples. The Stark broadening and Saha-Boltzmann plot of Fe are used to calculate the electron density and the plasma temperature, respectively. In the present work, we tested the original SRL method, the SRL with the OPC method, and intercept with the OPC method. The final calculation results show that the latter two methods can effectively improve the overall accuracy of quantitative analysis and the detection limits of trace elements.
Community work models in Taiwan? The experiences of social workers’ service for the communities affected by Typhoon Morakot
Authors: Lee Yih-jiunn , Hsu Ya-Huei
Published: April 2018

This article aims to extract community work models based on the practical experiences of community workers in Taiwan. A set of 10 selected variables, amended from Rothman, was employed in analyzing the community workers’ experiences of community capacity building for the 26 communities affected by Typhoon Morakot. Four model prototypes were inducted as ‘service and demonstrate’, ‘training and tutoring’, ‘stimulating and encouraging’, and ‘consensus action’. These models are meaningful for showing the practical application and knowledge inheritance of Western community theories and models.
Organisation and delivery of social services in extreme events: Lessons from social work research on natural disasters
Authors: Maglajlic Reima Ana
Published: April 2018

Based on a rapid review of social work research literature on natural disasters, this article offers an original synthesis of lessons about the nature and organisation of social services in the context of natural disasters. Drawing on social practice theory, existing intervention models are problematised, offering a deeper understanding of the complex dynamics between diverse types and levels of organisation, differing constituencies of disaster survivors and differing environments in which they are encountered. The article also identifies elements of good organisational practice and sets an agenda for wider professional debate on the role of social work in international social development practice.
Result-oriented Agri-Environmental Climate Schemes as a means of promoting climate change mitigation in olive growing
Authors: Colombo Sergio , Rocamora-Montiel Beatriz
Published: April 2018

The climate change mitigation potential of olive farming has been widely acknowledged. It has particular relevance in regions such as Andalusia (southern Spain) where olive growing is a key land use activity with significant social, economic and environmental implications. This potential of olive farming, however, is not adequately embodied in current Agri-Environmental Climate Schemes (AECS), which often fail to deliver the expected outcomes. The present article proposes an alternative strategy based on a result-oriented approach to AECS for enhancing soil carbon sequestration in Andalusian olive growing. After reviewing the current legal and institutional situation which forbids the wide application of result-oriented agri-environmental schemes, we suggest the use of alternative territorial governance arrangements, such as hybrid governance structures (HGS), as a framework to support the implementation of a result-oriented approach in the specific case of olive growing. Results indicate that the application of HGS can provide valuable benefits in terms of soil carbon storage. The information provided may be useful in the proposed new legislative framework, at both European and regional level, to promote more sustainable farming systems.
Effect of the molecular weight and its distribution of polyvinylidene fluoride on the relationship between the spinning process, microstructure and properties of hollow fiber membranes via thermally induced phase separation
Authors: Li Nana , Chang Zhe , Lu Qingchen , Xiao Changfa , Wu Junyi , Liang Congqiang
Published: April 2018

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is an important material in the preparation of ultrafiltration membranes via the thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) method. In this paper, four PVDF hollow fiber membranes with different molecular weights were prepared via the TIPS method by using dibutyl phthalate and dioctyl phthalate as a mixed diluent. The relationship between the molecular weight of PVDF and its distribution, phase separation, crystallization behavior and spinning process has been systematically studied. The effects of three factors on the microstructure and properties of the PVDF membrane have been analyzed. The flow behaviors of the PVDF/diluent and PVDF melt were tested by a capillary rheometer and a melt flow rate instrument, respectively. A phase diagram of the membrane solution was determined by thermal polarizing microscope and differential scanning calorimetry. The crystallization behavior and angle of orientation of the membrane were tested by using a differential scanning calorimeter and a sound velocity orientation measurement instrument. The microstructures, such as the pore structure and crystalline grain structure, were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy. Meanwhile, the properties of the membrane were examined from the view of water flux, porosity and tensile testing. The results showed that changes in the polymer molecular weights affected not only the dynamics but also the thermodynamics of phase separation in membrane formation. As the PVDF molecular weight increased, the phase separation region increased, but the membrane structure became denser. A wide molecular weight distribution easily produced large pores. Then, the water flux decreased first and then increased.
Embroidery manufacturing techniques for textile dipole antenna applied to wireless body area network
Authors: Gil Ignacio , Fernández-García Raul , Tornero José Antonio
Published: April 2018

This paper addresses the design, simulation, manufacturing, and experimental test of textile dipole antennas based on advanced embroidery techniques. The proposed dipoles are intended to operate at the 2.45 GHz industrial scientific and medical radio band for wireless body area network applications. Two medium stitch density embroidery patterns have been studied, satin fill and contour fill, implemented according to the ISO 4915:1991 301 stitch type standard. The impact and viability of these embroidery techniques over the dipole performance in cotton and felt textile substrates are reported. Test results confirm notable antenna parameter results in terms of return loss, radiation pattern, realized gain, and efficiency. In particular, contour pattern has been revealed as the best embroidery manufacturing technique in terms of quality factor and losses, whereas the satin pattern fits the resonance frequency of the antenna with a higher degree of accuracy.
Evaluating Inrole and Extrarole Behaviors Across Sectors
Authors: Christensen Robert K. , Whiting Steven W.
Published: April 2018

In this study, we explore whether sector distinguishes what we know about performance appraisals. We were particularly interested in two important aspects of the appraisal process: evaluation of inrole/task and extrarole/citizenship behaviors. We utilized a mixed experimental design with three within-subjects factors (task behavior and two types of extrarole behavior), each manipulated at two levels (high and low performance), and a between-subjects factor measuring sector of the respondent (private and public/nonprofit). We find that sector does matter in a common managerial task like performance appraisals. Public sector managers placed greater weight on task behaviors in making their appraisals than did private sector managers. Results regarding sector and extrarole behaviors were mixed. Implications and future research directions are discussed.