bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the link between media concentration and news content diversity using automated text analysis
Authors: Hendrickx Jonathan , Van Remoortere Annelien
Published: November 2022

In this article, we explore the relationship between increased media market concentration and its effects on the diversity of news content. We assemble a dataset of 1,419,479 print and online ‘hard news’ articles published between 2018 and 2021 by the four largest newspapers in Flanders (Belgium). These include two popular and two quality titles owned by two rival media companies, which only emerged in recent years after a string of mergers and takeovers which fundamentally changed ownership diversity in the small yet increasingly concentrated Flemish media market. In our analysis, we compare articles for their similarity between titles belonging to the same company using automated text comparisons. We find that content is growing increasingly similar and expand the existing body of research on the link between media concentration and news (content) diversity in Flanders as well as beyond.
Visualization Resources: A Survey
Authors: Liu Xiaoxiao , Alharbi Mohammad S , Chen Jian , Diehl Alexandra , Rees Dylan , Firat Elif E , Wang Qiru , Laramee Robert S
Published: November 2022

Visualization, a vibrant field for researchers, practitioners, and higher educational institutions, is growing and evolving very rapidly. Tremendous progress has been made since 1987, the year often cited as the beginning of data visualization as a distinct field. As such, the number of visualization resources and the demand for those resources is increasing at a rapid pace. After a decades-equivalent long search process, we present a survey of open visualization resources for all those with an interest in interactive data visualization and visual analytics. Because the number of resources is so large, we focus on collections of resources, of which there are already many ranging from literature collections to collections of practitioner resources. Based on this, we develop a classification of visualization resource collections with a focus on the resource type, e.g. literature-based, web-based, developer focused and special topics. The result is an overview and details-on-demand of many useful resources. The collection offers a valuable jump-start for those seeking out data visualization resources from all backgrounds spanning from beginners such as students to teachers, practitioners, developers, and researchers wishing to create their own advanced or novel visual designs. This paper is a response to students and others who frequently ask for visualization resources available to them.
Understanding the Leaders of Tomorrow: The Need to Study Leadership in Adolescence
Authors: Tackett Jennifer L. , Reardon Kathleen W. , Fast Nathanael J. , Johnson Lars , Kang Sonia K. , Lang Jonas W. B. , Oswald Frederick L.
Published: November 2022

Leadership traits and behaviors are observed early in human development, and although an improved understanding of youth leadership would usefully inform many real-world contexts (e.g., education, parenting, policy), most empirical work on leadership has been limited to adult populations. The purpose of the current article is to add a developmental perspective to leadership research that has so far been absent. Here, we (a) highlight adolescence as a critical developmental period for leadership emergence and development, (b) argue that leadership among youths is poorly understood and critically understudied, (c) provide exemplars of synergy between research on leadership and adolescent development that are ripe for focused inquiry, and (d) underscore some of the positive consequences of accelerating empirical research on leadership in adolescence, including implications for a deeper understanding of leadership in adult working populations.
The effect of CO2-doped spiro-OMeTAD hole transport layer on FA(1−x)CsxPbI3 perovskite solar cells
Authors: Fan Zhicheng , Xing Chuwu , Tan Yi , Xu Jinxia , Liu Lingyun , Zhou Yuanming , Jiang Yan
Published: November 2022

Black-phase formamidinium lead iodine with 1.48 eV bandgap is considered to be the most promising material for improving the near-theoretical limit efficiency of perovskite solar cells, but at room temperature, black-phase formamidinium lead iodine easily transforms into the yellow non-perovskite phase formamidinium lead iodine. Here, different ratios of Cs+-incorporated formamidinium lead iodine prepared by one-step processing with the stability and power conversion efficiency of formamidinium lead iodine perovskite solar cells are investigated. FA0.85Cs0.15PbI3 shows the highest power conversion efficiency of 10.63% (Voc = 1.04 V, Jsc = 16.81 mA cm−2, and fill factor = 0.60), and the unencapsulated device maintained 60% of the initial power conversion efficiency after storage in air with 40% humidity for 186 h with an active area of 0.1 cm2, when the ratios of Cs+ reached 15% ( x = 0.15) in formamidinium lead iodine. However, the efficiency of perovskite solar cell–based formamidinium lead iodine is still low. In this work, a simple but an effective strategy was carried out to rapidly and fully oxidize hole transport layer solution by doping CO2 or O2 under ultraviolet light irradiation to increase the conductivity of hole transport layer, thereby improving the power conversion efficiency of solar cells. The results show that FA0.85Cs0.15PbI3 solar cells by CO2-doped hole transport layer for 90 s exhibited the highest power conversion efficiency of 16.11% (VOC = 1.11 V, JSC = 19.73 mA cm−2, and fill factor = 0.74). The improved photovoltaic performance is attributed to CO2-doped spiro-OMeTAD increasing charge carrier density and accelerating charge separation, thereby inducing higher conductivity. CO2 or O2 doped can rapidly and fully oxidize spiro-OMeTAD, and reduce the solar cell fabrication time; it is beneficial to the commercial use of perovskite solar cells.
A reluctant European: How Norway responds to the EU’s quest for strategic autonomy
Authors: Knutsen Bjørn Olav , Tvetbråten Kari
Published: November 2022

The development of the EU as an actor in the field of security and defence is a challenge for Norway. Being a NATO member, but outside the EU, Norway offers an interesting case study of how a non-member adapts to the growing importance of the EU in security and defence affairs. The war in Ukraine has made the issue even more interesting. The article illustrates and explains two phenomena: how a country outside the EU perceives this development and how it responds to the Union’s new status. The article does this by looking into not only Norwegian policy documents on how the country is adapting to the EU’s new role, but also how the country’s authorities and defence industry have been setting strategy with regard to it. The response from and strategy taken by Kongsberg Defence and Aerospace AS, the largest Norwegian defence firm, regarding this new role for the EU is taken as a case in point.
Local and Systemic Complications of Knee and Hip Arthroscopy: A Matched-Cohort Study
Authors: Sherman William F. , Verzeaux Nathan P. , Freiberger Christina , Lee Olivia C. , Wilder J. Heath , Flick Travis R. , Heard Wendell M.R.
Published: November 2022

Background:

Surgeons are familiar with the complication rates and risks of knee arthroscopy, but comparative data between hip arthroscopy and knee arthroscopy are lacking.

Purpose:

To compare complications in knee arthroscopy, the most common arthroscopic procedure, with those in hip arthroscopy.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A retrospective matched-cohort study analyzing patients who received a primary hip or knee arthroscopy was performed using the PearlDiver database. A total of 19,735 patients were identified for each cohort. Systemic complications and readmissions were assessed at 3 months postoperatively. Local complications and reoperations were assessed at 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months postoperatively. All categorical variables were compared using chi-square analysis.

Results:

Hip arthroscopy had significantly higher rates of nerve injury, stiffness, heterotopic ossification, and avascular necrosis (all P < .001) than knee arthroscopy at all observed time periods postoperatively. Hip arthroscopy also had a greater rate of all local joint complications than knee arthroscopy (16.79% vs 11.80%; P < .001). Knee arthroscopy was found to have higher incidences of deep vein thrombosis (0.98% vs 0.66%; P < .001) and myocardial infarction (0.06% vs 0.00%; P < .001) as well as a higher overall systemic complication rate (3.93% vs 3.44%; P = .013). Hip arthroscopy was found to have higher rates of subsequent arthroscopy, arthroplasty, and overall reoperation when compared with knee arthroscopy (11.99% vs 14.99%; P < .001) at all time periods up to 24 months postoperatively.

Conclusion:

Although the systemic complication rate was higher in knee arthroscopy, local joint complications, reoperation, and total complication rates were higher for hip arthroscopy. Surgeons should be aware of these potential differences to best discuss and mitigate risks with this expanding patient population.
#Hashtagging Caste Names: Using Facebook to Track Caste Tags Online
Authors: Raman P. Anantha , Ratnamala V.
Published: November 2022

The caste system enables one group of citizens as dominant another group is oppressed. Tamil Nadu, the so-called Periyar Land, takes pride in dropping caste tags and eliminating caste titles. Verily we have to introspect that we have truly eliminated the caste tags from the public space. India’s majority media is heavily dominated by the upper-caste. Social media provided a new platform for ordinary citizens to share their thoughts. Meanwhile, this modern cyberspace and the public sphere enabled by Facebook are free from caste and caste tags. This study will examine how the dominant castes’ identities are constructed on Facebook. It will also explore how Facebook enables caste solidarity and caste consolidation rather than caste annihilation. It will investigate the caste discourse of three dominant castes, that is, Nadar, Thevar and Vanniyar on Facebook. Netnography will be employed in this study with participant observation focused on online fieldwork. The study focused on the collection of archival data as it used existing messages, rather than having any researcher interaction with the online community. The posts with hashtags #Nadar, #Thevar and #Vanniyar will be analysed using thematic analysis.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients’ experiences obtaining a tuberculosis diagnosis in Peru: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Millones Ana Karina , Lecca Leonid , Acosta Diana , Campos Hortencia , Del Águila-Rojas Erika , Farroñay Sheyla , Morales Giannina , Ramirez-Sandoval Judith , Torres Isabel , Jimenez Judith , Yuen Courtney M.
Published: November 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted TB services worldwide, leading to diagnostic delays. There have been few published reports describing how the pandemic affected people’s pathway to diagnosis from their own perspectives. We sought to evaluate the impact on the pandemic on people’s experiences obtaining a TB diagnosis.

Methods

We performed a mixed-methods study, enrolling newly diagnosed TB patients from 12 health centers in Lima, Peru. We used structured surveys to quantify diagnostic delay, defined as the time between symptom onset and diagnosis, and in-depth interviews to understand the ways in which the pandemic affected the pathway to care. We compared diagnostic delay between patients enrolled during the first year of the pandemic to those diagnosed after using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test. We used an inductive content analysis approach to analyze interview content related to the pandemic.

Results

We enrolled 51 patients during November 2020–April 2021 (during the first year of the pandemic) and 49 patients during October 2021–February 2022. Median diagnostic delay was longer for patients diagnosed during the first year of the pandemic (median 15 [IQR 5–26] weeks compared to 6 [IQR 3–18] weeks, p = 0.027). Qualitative analysis of 26 interviews revealed that the pandemic affected participants’ care-seeking behavior and their ability to access to TB diagnostic services, particularly for those diagnosed in the first year of the pandemic. Many participants initially had their symptoms attributed to COVID-19, resulting in delayed TB evaluation and additional costs for COVID-19 treatment.

Conclusions

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted multiple steps in the pathway to care for TB patients in Lima, causing delays in TB diagnosis. These findings demonstrate how the shifting of health care resources to prioritize COVID-19 can lead to collateral damage for people with TB and other conditions.
The impact of perception on institutional delivery service utilization in Northwest Ethiopia: the health belief model
Authors: Nigusie Adane , Azale Telake , Yitayal Mezgebu , Derseh Lemma
Published: November 2022

Background

Ethiopia has been striving to promote institutional delivery through community wide programs. However, home is still the preferred place of delivery for most women encouraged by the community`s perception that delivery is a normal process and home is the ideal environment. The proportion of women using institutional delivery service is below the expected level. Therefore, we examined the impact of perception on institutional delivery service use by using the health belief model.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,394 women who gave birth during the past 1 year from September to December 2019. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected by using health belief model constructs, and structured and pretested questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with the outcome variable at 95% confidence level.

Results

Institutional delivery service was used by 58.17% (95% CI: 55.57- 60.77%) of women. The study showed that high perceived susceptibility (AOR = 1.87; 95% CI 1.19–2.92), high cues to action (AOR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.04–2.36), husbands with primary school education (AOR = 1.43; 95% CI 1.06–1.94), multiparty(5 or more) (AOR = 2.96; 95% CI 1.85–4.72), discussion on institutional delivery at home (AOR = 4.25; 95% CI 2.85–6.35), no close follow-up by health workers (AOR = 0.59;95% CI 0.39–0.88), regular antenatal care follow-up (AOR = 1.77;95% CI 1.23,2.58), health professionals lack of respect to clients (AOR = 2.32; 95% CI 1.45–3.79), and lack of health workers (AOR = 0.43;95% CI 0.29–0.61) were significantly associated with the utilization health behavior of institutional delivery service.

Conclusion

The prevalence of institutional delivery in the study area was low. The current study revealed that among the health belief model construct perceived susceptibility and cues to action were significantly associated with the utilization behavior of institutional delivery service. On top of that strong follow-up of the community and home based discussion was a significant factor for the utilization behavior of institutional delivery service.
Long-term dyspnea, regional ventilation distribution and peripheral lung function in COVID-19 survivors: a 1 year follow up study
Authors: Scaramuzzo Gaetano , Ronzoni Luca , Campo Gianluca , Priani Paolo , Arena Chiara , La Rosa Riccardo , Turrini Cecilia , Volta Carlo Alberto , Papi Alberto , Spadaro Savino , Contoli Marco
Published: November 2022

Background

Dyspnea is common after COVID-19 pneumonia and can be characterized by a defective CO2 diffusion (DLCO) despite normal pulmonary function tests (PFT). Nevertheless, DLCO impairment tends to normalize at 1 year, with no dyspnea regression. The altered regional distribution of ventilation and a dysfunction of the peripheral lung may characterize dyspnea at 1 year after COVID-19 pneumonia. We aimed at assessing the pattern of airway resistance and inflammation and the regional ventilation inhomogeneity in COVID-19 pneumonia survivors at 12-months after hospital discharge.

Methods

We followed up at 1-year patients previously admitted to the respiratory units (intensive care or sub-intensive care unit) for COVID-19 acute respiratory failure at 1-year after hospital discharge. PFT (spirometry, DLCO), impulse oscillometry (IOS), measurements of the exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) and Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) were used to evaluate lung volumes, CO2 diffusion capacity, peripheral lung inflammation/resistances and the regional inhomogeneity of ventilation distribution. A full medical examination was conducted, and symptoms of new onset (not present before COVID-19) were recorded. Patients were therefore divided into two groups based on the presence/absence of dyspnea (defined as mMRC ≥1) compared to evaluate differences in the respiratory function derived parameters.

Results

Sixty-seven patients were admitted between October and December 2020. Of them, 42/67 (63%) patients were discharged alive and 33 were evaluated during the follow up. Their mean age was 64 ± 11 years and 24/33 (73%) were males. Their maximum respiratory support was in 7/33 (21%) oxygen, in 4/33 (12%) HFNC, in 14/33 (42%) NIV/CPAP and in 8/33 (24%) invasive mechanical ventilation. During the clinical examination, 15/33 (45%) reported dyspnea. When comparing the two groups, no significant differences were found in PFT, in the peripheral airway inflammation (FENO) or mechanical properties (IOS). However, EIT showed a significantly higher regional inhomogeneity in patients with dyspnea both during resting breathing (0.98[0.96–1] vs 1.1[1–1.1], p = 0.012) and during forced expiration (0.96[0.94–1] vs 1 [0.98–1.1], p = 0.045).

Conclusions

New onset dyspnea characterizes 45% of patients 1 year after COVID-19 pneumonia. In these patients, despite pulmonary function test may be normal, EIT shows a higher regional inhomogeneity both during quiet and forced breathing which may contribute to dyspnea.

Clinical trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04343053, registration date 13/04/2020.
Advance directives among cognitively impaired persons who had an amyloid PET scan and their care partners: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Bélanger Emmanuelle , Couch Elyse , Carroll Michaela S. , DePasquale Nicole , Gadbois Emily A. , Shepherd-Banigan Megan , Jutkowitz Eric , Van Houtven Courtney H. , Plassman Brenda L. , Wetle Terrie T.
Published: November 2022

Background

Little research exists on the role of β-amyloid PET scans as part of Alzheimer’s diagnostic tests and documentation of end-of-life preferences for persons with cognitive impairment. The study objectives were to examine the association of amyloid PET scan results (elevated vs. not elevated amyloid levels) and diagnostic category (mild cognitive impairment vs. dementia) with the likelihood of having an advance directive (reported a median of 4.5 months post-scan); to explore perceptions of PET scan results and their influence on planning for the future among persons with cognitive impairment and their care partners.

Methods

Sequential, explanatory mixed-methods design using data from dyads in the CARE-IDEAS study: advance directives as a factor of diagnostic category and scan result using multivariable logistic regression models; thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with persons with cognitive impairment and care partners to explore how scan results influenced documentation of future healthcare preferences. Participants included 1784 persons with cognitive impairment and care partners from the CARE-IDEAS study, and a subsample of 100 semi-structured telephone interviews.

Results

81.6% of dyads reported an advance directive. Non-Hispanic, White participants had higher rates of advance directives. There was no significant association between having an advance directive and scan results. Qualitative analysis provided insight into perceived urgency to have advance directives, evolving healthcare preferences, and the context of completing advance directives.

Conclusions

Although amyloid PET scans prompted persons with cognitive impairment and care partners to consider progressive cognitive impairment as part of evolving healthcare preferences, we found substantial variability in the perceived urgency of documentation.
Utilizing machine learning algorithms to predict subject genetic mutation class from in silico models of neuronal networks
Authors: Kress Gavin T. , Chan Fion , Garcia Claudia A. , Merrifield Warren S.
Published: November 2022

Background

Epilepsy is the fourth-most common neurological disorder, affecting an estimated 50 million patients globally. Nearly 40% of patients have uncontrolled seizures yet incur 80% of the cost. Anti-epileptic drugs commonly result in resistance and reversion to uncontrolled drug-resistant epilepsy and are often associated with significant adverse effects. This has led to a trial-and-error system in which physicians spend months to years attempting to identify the optimal therapeutic approach.

Objective

To investigate the potential clinical utility from the context of optimal therapeutic prediction of characterizing cellular electrophysiology. It is well-established that genomic data alone can sometimes be predictive of effective therapeutic approach. Thus, to assess the predictive power of electrophysiological data, machine learning strategies are implemented to predict a subject’s genetically defined class in an in silico model using brief electrophysiological recordings obtained from simulated neuronal networks.

Methods

A dynamic network of isogenic neurons is modeled in silico for 1-s for 228 dynamically modeled patients falling into one of three categories: healthy, general sodium channel gain of function, or inhibitory sodium channel loss of function. Data from previous studies investigating the electrophysiological and cellular properties of neurons in vitro are used to define the parameters governing said models. Ninety-two electrophysiological features defining the nature and consistency of network connectivity, activity, waveform shape, and complexity are extracted for each patient network and t-tests are used for feature selection for the following machine learning algorithms: Neural Network, Support Vector Machine, Gaussian Naïve Bayes Classifier, Decision Tree, and Gradient Boosting Decision Tree. Finally, their performance in accurately predicting which genetic category the subjects fall under is assessed.

Results

Several machine learning algorithms excel in using electrophysiological data from isogenic neurons to accurately predict genetic class with a Gaussian Naïve Bayes Classifier predicting healthy, gain of function, and overall, with the best accuracy, area under the curve, and F1. The Gradient Boosting Decision Tree performs the best for loss of function models indicated by the same metrics.

Conclusions

It is possible for machine learning algorithms to use electrophysiological data to predict clinically valuable metrics such as optimal therapeutic approach, especially when combining several models.
The effect of durability of knowledge transfer through reminiscence on the moral sensitivity of nurses
Authors: Bahrieni Farideh , Azodi Parviz , Hajivandi Abdollah , seddighi Zahra , Jahanpour Faezeh
Published: November 2022

Background

Nursing is a moral attempt and endeavor. Moral sensitivity training is one of the most important ways to strengthen nursing moral decision making. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of durability of knowledge transfer through reminiscence on nurses’ moral sensitivity.

Methods

The present study is a controlled randomized clinical trial conducted in pre- and post- interventional forms. The research population consisted of all nurses working at Bushehr Persian Gulf martyrs training hospital in 2017, 68 nurses participated as samples in the study selected by available sampling method and then randomly assigned to two groups of intervention and control groups. In this study, Morphological Sensitivity Questionnaire of Lautzen was used. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire have been confirmed. The pre-test was obtained from the control and intervention group. An 8-hour reminiscence training session was held for the intervention group. In order to study, the durability of training, posttest was obtained from both groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 19 and using t-test, Chi-square, paired t-test.

Results

The mean moral sensitivity score in nurses before intervention in both groups was not statistically different (P = 0.42). The comparison of the mean scores of nurses’ moral sensitivity after intervention in the control and intervention groups, which in fact, indicates the durability of education, showed a significant difference. (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The results of this study showed that the transfer of knowledge and education through reminiscence has a lasting effect on enhancing the moral sensitivity of nurses. Therefore, its inclusion in nursing educational programs as a training strategy can be considered as a step toward facilitating the training of nurses’ moral sensitivity.

Trial registration

This study is registered by Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials with decree code: IRCT2016021612830N18 on May 17, 2017. This study adheres to the CONSORT 2010 statement guidelines.
Participatory development of practical, affordable, insecticide-treated mosquito proofing for a range of housing designs in rural southern Tanzania
Authors: Msoffe Rogath , Hewitt Matilda , Masalu John P. , Finda Marcelina , Kavishe Deogratius R. , Okumu Fredros O. , Mpolya Emmanuel A. , Kaindoa Emmanuel W. , Killeen Gerry F.
Published: November 2022

Background

Insecticidal mosquito-proof netting screens could combine the best features of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), the two most important front line vector control interventions in Africa today, and also overcome the most important limitations of these methods. This study engaged members of a rural Tanzanian community in developing and evaluating simple, affordable and scalable procedures for installing readily available screening materials on eave gaps and windows of their own houses, and then treating those screens with a widely used IRS formulation of the organophosphate insecticide pirimiphos-methyl (PM).

Methods

A cohort of 54 households recruited upon consent, following which the structural features and occupant demographics of their houses were surveyed. Indoor mosquito densities were surveyed longitudinally, for approximately 3 months before and over 5 months after participatory house modification and screening using locally available materials. Each house was randomly assigned to one of three study arms: (1) No screens installed until the end of the study (negative control), (2) untreated screens installed, and (3) screened installed and then treated with PM, the insecticidal activity of which was subsequently assessed using standard cone assays.

Results

Almost all (52) recruited households participated until the end, at which point all houses had been successfully screened. In most cases, screening was only installed after making enabling structural modifications that were accepted by the enrolled households. Compared to unscreened houses, houses with either treated or untreated screens both almost entirely excludedAnopheles arabiensis(Relative reduction (RR) ≥ 98%, P < < 0.0001), the most abundant local malaria vector. However, screens were far less effective againstCulex quinquefasciatus(RR ≤ 46%, P < < 0.0001), a non-malaria vector causing considerable biting nuisance, regardless of their treatment status. While PM did not augment household level protection by screens against either mosquito species (P = 0.676 and 0.831, respectively), 8 months after treatment it still caused 73% and 89% mortality among susceptible insectary-rearedAnopheles gambiaefollowing exposures of 3 and 30 min, respectively.

Conclusions

Participatory approaches to mosquito proofing houses may be acceptable and effective, and installed screens may be suitable targets for residual insecticide treatments.
High-flow nasal cannula versus non-invasive ventilation for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Ovtcharenko N. , Ho E. , Alhazzani W. , Cortegiani A. , Ergan B. , Scala R. , Sotgiu G. , Chaudhuri D. , Oczkowski S. , Lewis K.
Published: November 2022

Background

Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) with bi-level positive pressure ventilation is a first-line intervention for selected patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. Compared to conventional oxygen therapy, NIV may reduce endotracheal intubation, death, and intensive care unit length of stay (LOS), but its use is often limited by patient tolerance and treatment failure. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is a potential alternative treatment in this patient population and may be better tolerated.

Research question

For patients presenting with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure, is HFNC an effective alternative to NIV in reducing the need for intubation?

Methods

We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane library from database inception through to October 2021 for randomized clinical trials (RCT) of adults with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure assigned to receive HFNC or NIV. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials was used to assess risk of bias. We calculated pooled relative risks (RR) for dichotomous outcomes and mean differences (MD) for continuous outcomes, with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random-effects model.

Results

We included eight RCTs (n = 528) in the final analysis. The use of HFNC compared to NIV did not reduce the risk of our primary outcome of mortality (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.48–1.56, low certainty), or our secondary outcomes including endotracheal intubation (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.46–1.39, low certainty), or hospital LOS (MD − 0.82 days, 95% CI − 1.83–0.20, high certainty). There was no difference in change in partial pressure of carbon dioxide between groups (MD − 1.87 mmHg, 95% CI − 5.34–1.60, moderate certainty).

Interpretation

The current body of evidence is limited in determining whether HFNC may be either superior, inferior, or equivalent to NIV for patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure given imprecision and study heterogeneity. Further studies are needed to better understand the effect of HFNC on this population.
Stress change generated by the 2019 İstanbul–Silivri earthquakes along the complex structure of the North Anatolian Fault in the Marmara Sea
Authors: Şahin Murat , Yaltırak Cenk , Bulut Fatih , Garagon Aslı
Published: November 2022

The North Anatolian Fault Zone is a dextral system operating between the Eurasian and Anatolian plates in northern Turkey. Across the Marmara Sea south of İstanbul, it deforms at ~18 mm/year slip rate, where the statistics of historical earthquakes suggest that a few M7+ earthquakes are generated every ~250 years. Currently, M7+ earthquakes are overdue as this section of the fault has not been reactivated since the 1766 and 1754 earthquakes. In this frame, identifying the stress change by the 2019 M5.8 İstanbul–Silivri earthquake is essential to characterize its influence on the critically stressed Marmara Sea segments of the North Anatolian Fault Zone. To do this, we mapped not only the main segments but also the secondary faults in the vicinity of the 2019 M5.8 İstanbul–Silivri earthquake to locate the fault patch it reactivated, as well as to accurately model the fault segments, where it significantly changed the stress. The joint analysis of relocated hypocenters and the Coulomb stress modeling shows that the mainshock failed a SW–NE striking splay fault, generating a stress increase of up to three bars on the fault that has the potential to generate M7+ earthquake.

Graphical Abstract
Primary vaginal signet ring cell carcinoma
Authors: Huang Xiao-Shan , Fan Shu-Feng , Xu Jian-Xia , Xu Yong-Jie , Song Xia , Xiang Jun-Yi , Xue Li-Ming
Published: November 2022

Primary vaginal cancer is rare, accounting for only 2% of all gynecological malignant tumors. Primary vaginal cell carcinoma is mainly squamous cell carcinoma, accounting for about 90%, and adenocarcinoma only accounts for 8–10%. Primary signet ring cell carcinoma of vagina is rare and has not been reported in the literature. This paper reports a case of signet ring cell carcinoma in vagina.
The conditional effect of family resilience on family quality of life during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Setiawan Tery , Wardani Ria , Theresia Ellen
Published: November 2022

Introduction

This study examines how the Covid-19 economic impact and parental stress are moderated by family resilience to relate to the family quality of life (FQOL).

Methods

We modify the measure of FQOL, developed by Beach Center on Disability, by including only four domains (i.e., family interaction, parenting, emotional well-being, and material well-being) to adjust to our research context.

Results

Based on 169 participants, our CFA displays that all employed measures in the study are valid and reliable. Our regression analysis shows that there are significant direct relations of parental stress & family resilience with family quality of life. However, we find that family resilience only positively moderates the relation between the Covid-19 economic impact and family quality of life.

Discussion

This study presents a view on how the Covid-19 pandemic affects the way families live and hence, their quality of life.
Issue-networks as omitted publics in the construction of #rarediseaseday discourse
Authors: Hanchard Matthew
Published: November 2022

Background: Over 450 million people worldwide have a rare disease. Yet despite healthcare policy rhetoric placing an onus on inclusive public engagement, rare disease publics are often engaged as data sources or product/service consumers. Meanwhile, various rare disease actors congregate around ‘Rare Disease Day’ each year – a global event with various online and offline talks, workshops, and sessions. In 2021, ~4.3 million tweets marked Twitter as a locus of exchange for the event.

Methods: To examine public discourse around the event, the paper draws on social network and qualitative analyses of 40,366 Twitter tweets/retweets about rare disease day 2021 posted between 10-Feb-2021 and 10-Mar-2021, analysing them through a controversy theory lens. After identifying particularly influential Twitter users and groups, the paper examines their textual and visual communication strategies.

Results: It funds three distinct orientations to rare disease discourse on Twitter (mission, awareness, and actor). In doing so, the paper locates a gap in direct engagement between medical authority and patients.

Conclusions: It suggests that each orientation towards the discourse around rare disease day 2021 might be used by policymakers and researchers to engage with rare disease publics on social media in a more inclusive way as a pathway to better healthcare provision.
South French Gothic
Authors: Orlov Igor' , Solov'ev Nikolay
Published: November 2022

The main purpose of the monograph is to reveal the deep and complex interrelation of the religious and mystical paradigm of the original "Occitan civilization" of the South of France and the Catholic Church, which won the bloody Albigensian wars, with the artistic practice of the builders of the cult Gothic structures of the South of France. In addition to the literary sources previously used in scientific circulation, materials of little-known foreign publications, archival documents (courtesy of the Augustin Museum, the University of Toulouse and the Catholic Institute of Toulouse, the Center for Qatari Studies in Carcassonne), as well as materials of the author's direct research of natural objects of the studied region were involved. The analysis of all these data made it possible to see and evaluate the cultural and historical background in a new way, which became fertile ground for the emergence and spread of Gothic art, the subsequent formation and spread of the peculiar Gothic architecture of the South of France. For the first
time, a number of new hypotheses are introduced into scientific circulation, allowing a more objective look at the features of the cult Gothic of Southern France. Based on the above, for the first time in Russian medieval studies, it became possible to propose a reasonable, in the author's opinion, classification of cult Gothic structures in the South of France, which naturally correlates with the data of scientific publications.
For a wide range of readers interested in Gothic art. It can be useful for students, postgraduates and teachers of art history universities and faculties.
Sitology and lactotherapy
Authors: Sidorenko Oleg , Zhukova Ekaterina , Ivanov Aleksey , Kostyuchenko Lyudmila
Published: November 2022

The textbook demonstrates the biochemical features of lactobacilli of different geographical races isolated from national dairy products of different countries and climatogeographic zones. The issues of the potential use of lactobacilli in the composition of dairy therapeutic and prophylactic products for gastrointestinal diseases and the creation of probiotics are considered. The literature data and the results of the authors' own research are analyzed.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for university students specializing in the food industry, medicine, and pharmaceutical manufacturing technologies. It can be used by specialists of various profiles who, by their occupation, need to understand reasonable nutrition, the role of microorganisms in the functioning of the digestive system, the occurrence of diseases and therapeutic effect, as well as to rethink the feasibility of using lactotherapy for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes in dysbiosis of different genesis instead of chemotherapy.
Political theory
Authors: Muhaev Rashid , Medushevskiy Andrey , Shomina Elena , Chernyh Alla
Published: November 2022

If you want to know what role politics plays in society and how it affects you, read this textbook. In it you will find answers to questions that concern everyone. What is politics: science, art or technology of domination in the hands of the elect? Are there laws in politics, is it possible to know them and use them in the interests of society, and not just the ruling class? Why has power always been a bone of contention, what is its attractive power? Does the theory of politics have the right to claim the status of a science about the laws of the functioning of power, if all knowledge about politics is situational, relative and changeable? Why are the conclusions and recommendations of political science relevant to society often ignored by the elite? These and many other questions are answered based on the analysis of the political practices of foreign countries and Russia.
The author interprets politics as a mechanism of volitional distribution of public goods, revealing its laws, exposing the hidden logic of the struggle for power, However, politics is presented not only as a mechanism for coordinating heterogeneous interests, but also as a set of beliefs, ideas, meanings that determine technologies and structures of symbolic domination and behavior patterns in the information society.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students of philosophical, political science, law faculties and faculties of world politics and public and municipal administration, as well as for anyone interested in theoretical and applied problems of politics.
HR Management in Russia: the Policy of diversity and inclusiveness. Book 10
Authors: Durakova Irina , Pugach Svetlana , Mitrofanova Aleksandra , Saakyan Mariya , Karapetyan Lusine , Konovalova Valeriya , Sotnikova Svetlana , Grechko Tat'yana , Blednova Natal'ya , Rahmanova Tat'yana , Grigorov Ivan , Razumova Tat'yana , Shatalova Nina , Sinyavec Tat'yana , Gorskiy Vadim , Menzhulina Dar'ya , Afanas'ev Valentin
Published: November 2022

The monograph contains the results of research concerning, firstly, the specifics of the formation of the strategy and policy of personnel diversity, the specifics of youth as an object of diversified personnel management; issues of discrimination of employees in the workplace. Secondly, the promotion of scientific thought in the development of a productive model of hybrid employment, solving the problems of motivational HR diversity of public civil servants; determining the prospects for a rational balance of freedom and security in the modern world; presenting a new paradigm for combining work and private life through the combination of professional and parental work. Thirdly, new interdisciplinary approaches to the knowledge of the professional success of older workers, including in inclusive employment conditions. Fourth, solving the problems of diversity of personnel from the standpoint of interdisciplinary experience and applied aspects, including through organizational design, the formation of integrated reporting taking into account human capital, providing conditions for self-realization of the individual, the development of the employer's brand, the formation of a modern office space.
For a wide range of readers interested in personnel management issues. It can be useful for students, postgraduates and teachers of economic universities.
Development of the concept of teacher personality formation in the history and theory of higher pedagogical education in the 90s of the twentieth century
Authors: Leonova Anna , Baykova Larisa , Vyalikova Galina , Ermolaeva Svetlana
Published: November 2022

The monograph provides a historical and pedagogical analysis of the development of the concept of the formation of the teacher's personality in the 90s of the twentieth century. The main directions, stages and trends of its development in the theory of higher pedagogical education in the specified period are presented in a generalized and holistic form. New materials have been introduced into scientific circulation, revealing the essence of the development process of the concept of teacher personality formation, obtained as a result of the use of a set of research methods.
It is intended for researchers in the field of education, teachers, graduate students and students of higher pedagogical educational institutions, employees of the system of training and retraining of pedagogical personnel.
Sources of environmental law
Authors: Agafonov Vyacheslav , Bogolyubov Sergey , Vasil'eva Liya , Vyphanova Galina , Gorohov Dmitriy , Zhavoronkova Natal'ya , Ignat'eva Inna , Kichigin Nikolay , Kodolova Alena , Lazarev Valeriy , Minina Elena , Nikonov Rodion , Pozdnyakova Elena , Pysh'eva Elena , Sivakov Dmitriy , Shpakovskiy Yuriy
Published: November 2022

The monograph summarizes new relevant materials and topics. The study of the sources (forms) of environmental and natural resource law, legislation on environmental assessment and environmental control (supervision), provisions of land and other codes as forms of law, mechanisms for regulating environmental management, as well as the evolution of sources of law in the field of agriculture.
The complex nature of environmental law is demonstrated, the constitutional, legislative, and political foundations of environmental development, the unified state environmental policy of the Russian Federation and a number of foreign states are outlined. The genesis and systematization of forms of atmospheric air protection, specially protected natural territories of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan, legal regulation of waste management, international and national measures of adaptation to climate change are reflected.
The legislation on land reclamation, land management, subsoil use, forest management, water use, fishing and conservation of aquatic biological resources in the system of sources of environmental law is analyzed; the issues of intersectoral communication of environmental, urban planning, information, energy, civil legislation and law are considered.
Examples from the field of law enforcement are given. The idea of ecologization of sources (forms), institutions, categories, norms of branches of Russian law is being developed.
For lawyers — scientists and practitioners, teachers, postgraduates, masters, law students, and other specialists interested in the theory and practice of lawmaking and the application of environmental law.
Promotion of healthy lifestyle on the example of the problem of patella dislocation in athletes
Authors: Marosz Szymon , Borkowska Aleksandra , Biszewski Mateusz , Marosz Karol , Borkowska Katarzyna
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Both in Poland and around the world, many people, especially those who regularly engage in sports, struggle with a wide variety of musculoskeletal ailments. One of them, relatively often occurring against the background of problems affecting the knee and patellofemoral joint, is the problem of patellar dislocations. Patellar dislocation is the slipping of the patella out of its proper place, which is the trochlea of the femur. The ailments mentioned above are of particular importance for athletes. To prevent this, any physical activity should be approached with care, and effective treatment and rehabilitation methods should be implemented.
The aim of the study: The objective of the study was the presentation the case of a man dancer patient who experienced a dislocated patella during ballroom dance training and to present current methods of treatment and management of patellar dislocations in athletes based on a review of the PubMed and Google Scholar literature.
Results: The case report concerns a 21-year-old patient who suffered a first-time injury of lateral dislocation of the patella of the right knee during ballroom dance training. The patient's symptoms included severe pain, swelling and complete limitation of mobility of the right knee. An X-ray confirmed a dislocation of the patella. Based on the examination performed and the clinical picture, a diagnosis was made and an attempt was made to reposition the dislocation and appropriate treatment was administered.
Conclusions: Acute dislocation of the patella is most often caused by an injury sustained during physical or athletic activity. Management of acute patellar dislocation includes manual adjustment of the patella, checking the continuity of soft structures and possible surgical repair, and long-term rehabilitation, but it does not always disqualify from sports, even at a professional level, but nevertheless can significantly impede it.
Pedagogical dimension of swim training as perceived by swimmers and their coach
Authors: Lassek Bartłomiej
Published: November 2022

This article presents the educational benefits and drawbacks of competitive swimming training as assessed by the surveyed swimmers and their coach. The paper addresses issues concerning the formation of moral, aesthetic, intellectual and health attitudes in competitive swimmers through sports training. The purpose of this study is to identify their opinions regarding the impact of competitive swimming on the development of selected character traits. The study included 33 competitive swimmers (14 - women, 19 - men) and the coach of the competitive swimming section of the AZS Politechnika Lodzka sports club. The training seniority of the subjects is: 16 athletes - 6 - 10 years and 17 athletes 11 -17 years. The competitive section of the surveyed swimmers carried out training at the swimming pool of the ACSD sports complex "Zatoka Sportu" in Lodz. The study was conducted using a quantitative diagnostic survey method and qualitative focus interview technique. . The tools that were used in the study for the survey questionnaire and interview questionnaire. The article presents the results of our own research along with the results of other authors' research for discussion. The results of the study indicate that the practice of swimming by competitive athletes affects their educational process, where one of the important factors is the specificity of the sport. The article presents only a part of the pilot study, the results of which form the basis for the study proper.