bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mass Per Abdomen: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Sundari N , Swarup Asha , Prabhu Vinay MD
Published: February 2013

A P2L2 postmenopausal lady came with a history of mass PV with difficulty to walk and pain in the left hip. She also had a scan report showing a left complex adnexal mass suggesting ovarian malignancy. GPE showed a vague mass in the LIF which on CT scan was diagnosed as a retroperitoneal neoplasm measuring 100 × 70 × 80 mm. Core needle biopsy of the mass came as poorly differentiated metastatic carcinoma. No primary found. Palliative chemotherapy for 6 cycles with Paclitaxel and Cisplatin was given and the mass completely regressed in size.

How to cite this article

Jyothi GS, Sundari N, Prabhu VMD, Swarup A. Mass Per Abdomen: A Diagnostic Dilemma. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2012;4(3):161-163.
Switching Mode and Mechanism in Binary Oxide Resistive Random Access Memory Using Ni Electrode
Authors: Lin Kuan-Liang , Hou Tuo-Hung , Lee Yao-Jen , Chang Jhe-Wei , Lin Jun-Hung , Shieh Jiann , Chou Cheng-Tung , Lei Tan-Fu , Chang Wen-Hsiung , Jang Wen-Yueh , Lin Chen-Hsi
Published: February 2013

Resistive-switching (RS) modes in different CMOS-compatible binary oxides have been shown to be governed by the interplay with the Ni top electrode. Unipolar RS and metallic low-resistance state in polycrystalline HfO2 and ZrO2 are distinct from the preferential bipolar RS and semiconductive low-resistance state in amorphous Al2O3 and SiO2. Backside secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has shown the formation of Ni filaments in HfO2, in contrast to the formation of oxygen-vacancy filaments in Al2O3. The differences have been explained by strong dependence of Ni migration on the oxide crystallinity. Additionally, the RS mode can be further tailored using bilayer structures. The oxide layer next to the Si bottom electrode and its tendency of forming Ni filaments play significant roles in unipolar RS in the bilayer structures, in support of the conical-shape Ni filament model where the connecting and rupture of filaments for unipolar RS occur at the smallest diameter near the bottom electrodes.
Low Contact Resistance P-Type Electrode for Nonpolar m-Plane GaN
Authors: Oya Mitsuaki , Yokogawa Toshiya
Published: February 2013

A low contact resistance p-type electrode for nonpolar m-plane GaN was obtained using Mg as the electrode material. Ga atoms diffused toward the Mg electrode after heat treatment. Because the Ga vacancies act as acceptors and form levels in the Schottky barrier, we consider hopping conduction through the Ga vacancy levels to be the main mechanism for the formation of the p-type ohmic contact to m-plane GaN. The specific contact resistance was reduced to 8×10-4 Ω cm2 by optimizing the heat treatment temperature and the Mg thickness. A significant reduction in the operating voltage of m-plane GaN LEDs was achieved by using this electrode technology.
Fabrication of 200-nm Dot Pattern on 15-m-Long Polymer Sheet Using Sheet Nanoimprint Method
Authors: Ogino Masahiko , Hasegawa Mitsuru , Sakaue Keiji , Nagai Shuuichi , Miyauchi Akihiro
Published: February 2013

Nanoimprint technology is one of the more promising methods for nano-fabrication. The thermal nanoimprint method can fabricate various kinds of thermoplastic materials and its process consists of heating, pressing, cooling, and separation and a lot of research was reported. We proposed and developed a sheet nanoimprint system that enables for continuous treatment of these four basic steps by introducing a belt-shaped nano-mold. We tried to fabricate dot patterns on polymer films by using a sheet nanoimprint method in this work. A 200 nm in diameter and 240 nm tall dots (aspect ratio 1.4) were formed directly onto a 15-m-long polystyrene film. It is important in the field of industrial applications to fabricate nano-scale patterns over a large area with a high throughput. We demonstrated that the sheet nanoimprint is an attractive method for the direct patterning of nano-scale patterns on thermo-plastic films.
Study of Growth Enhancement of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes by Chlorine-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Ghemes Crina , Ghemes Adrian , Okada Morihiro , Mimura Hidenori , Nakano Takayuki , Inoue Yoku
Published: February 2013

In this paper, we investigate the effect of chlorine as a growth promoter in the synthesis of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). We find that the addition of chlorine gas to the chemical vapor deposition process reduces the amount of amorphous carbon deposited on the MWCNT surfaces and results in a longer catalyst lifetime. By using optimum growth parameters, the catalyst remains active for 75 min. Moreover, the growth rate is also relatively high resulting in the maximum CNT array height of 3.5 mm. The MWCNT arrays grown with and without chlorine are compared.
Fabrication of Parylene-Based High-Aspect-Ratio Suspended Structure Using a Silicon-on-Insulator Wafer
Authors: Kuo Wen-Cheng , Chen Chen-Wei
Published: February 2013

In this study, we fabricated a parylene-based high-aspect-ratio suspended structure using a definition silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. In this process a silicon micro trench is used as a mold, in which parylene beams are fabricated through the deposition and removal of parylene in multiple stages, after which the structure is released in a hydrofluoric acid solution to remove the buried oxide layer in the SOI wafer, followed by supercritical drying for preventing stiction. Compared with conventional processes, our process exploits the advantages of the SOI wafer to eliminate the extra oxide mask or the support wafer for structure release, thereby reducing process complexity and cost. The reactive-ion etching (RIE) lag effect and notch effect are also considered in this paper. In this study, we fabricated the test devices of the parylene beams without voids inside, which were integrated with a thermal actuator and a comb-drive actuator. Compared with silicon suspended beams, the flexibility of the parylene beams and the uniformity of device thickness are suitable for actuators with large in-plane displacements and low driving forces, and also for sensors with high sensitivity.
Chemical Etching Using KOH Aqueous Solution for Corona-Charge Micropatterning of Soda-Lime Glass
Authors: Sakai Daisuke , Harada Kenji , Barada Daisuke , Fukuda Takashi
Published: February 2013

The selectivity of chemical etching for a soda-lime glass substrate to which a micropatterned electric field is applied by corona-charging treatment was investigated. A grating pattern with a period of 4 µm was transferred in a soda-lime glass substrate via corona-charging treatment with a mask template. A diffraction efficiency of 0.02% was detected from the refractive index grating in a template-removed glass substrate. A surface relief grating with a period of 4 µm was fabricated on the glass substrate by selective etching using KOH aqueous solution. The etching rate of the corona-charge-treated domain of the glass substrate was 1.6 times higher than that of normal glass. An enhancement of the etching rate of the glass substrate by the corona-charging treatment occurred up to a depth of approximately 200 nm from the surface. After the surface structural change from the refractive index grating, diffraction efficiency increased to 1.64%, which was 80 times higher than that before chemical etching.
Hard X-ray Microprobe and Scanning Microscopy with Spherical-Aberration-Corrected Grazing-Incident Spherical-Concave Mirror Optics
Authors: Suzuki Yoshio , Takeuchi Akihisa
Published: February 2013

Total-reflection mirror optics with four spherical-concave mirrors has been developed for hard X-ray microfocusing. The optical system consists of a pair of tandem spherical-concave mirrors. Each tandem-mirror system is assembled to eliminate spherical aberration of gazing-incident optics with spherical mirrors, and the two tandem-mirror systems are combined in a crossed-mirror geometry in order to achieve two-dimensional focusing. Characterization of the quad-mirror system as an X-ray focusing device was performed at beamline 20XU of SPring-8. The focused beam size at an X-ray energy of 10 keV was measured to be 170×190 nm2 in full-width at half-maximum, and the X-ray energy dependence of focusing properties was evaluated in the energy range from 8 to 14 keV. Preliminary experiments on scanning microscopy were also carried out.
Ion Species Dependence of Relaxation Phenomena of Strained SiGe Layers Formed by Ion-Implantation-Induced Relaxation Technique
Authors: Mizuno Tomohisa , Takehi Juria , Abe Youhki , Akamatsu Hiromu
Published: February 2013

We have experimentally studied a new H+-ion-induced relaxation technique for compressive-strained SiGe layers on a buried oxide layer (BOX) for high-performance p-channel source heterojunction devices, to improve the crystalline quality of the ion-implanted SiGe layers, using the very steep recoil energy E
R distribution of H+ ions. In addition, we have compared the H+-ion-induced relaxation phenomena of the strained SiGe with the O+-ion-induced one. We have experimentally shown that the strained SiGe layers can also be fully relaxed even by H+ ion implantation, using Raman spectroscopy analysis. In addition, the obtained Raman spectroscopy data show that the crystalline quality of H+-ion-implanted SiGe layers can be improved and is much more uniform, compared with that of the O+-ion-implanted area, as expected. However, high-dose H+ ion implantation locally causes the splitting of strained SiGe layers from the BOX layer, which is the technical limitation of H+ ions.
A 2.8 µm Pixel-Pitch 55 ke- Full-Well Capacity Global-Shutter Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Image Sensor Using Lateral Overflow Integration Capacitor
Authors: Sakai Shin , Tashiro Yoshiaki , Kuroda Rihito , Sugawa Shigetoshi
Published: February 2013

In this paper, a global-shutter complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor using lateral overflow integration capacitor (LOFIC) in each pixel without trade-offs between full-well capacity (FWC) and dark current and between FWC and pixel size has been demonstrated. Because the FWC is determined only by LOFIC, a photodiode (PD) and storage diffusion capacitor (SD) are designed focusing on achieving low dark current performance especially. A 2.8 µm pixel pitch Bayer-RGB color CMOS image sensor with the pinned diffusion capacitor for the storage node was fabricated and achieved both 83.3 e-/s at the PD and 58.3 e-/s at the SD dark current at 60 °C and about 55 ke- full well capacity. A high resolution performance, a high FWC performance and a low dark current performance were simultaneously achieved in this image sensor.
A 3 Gbps Non-Contact Inter-Module Link with Twofold Transmission Line Couplers and Low Frequency Compensation Equalizer
Authors: Kosuge Atsutake , Takeya Tsutomu , Shioya Mitsuru , Taguchi Masao , Kuroda Tadahiro
Published: February 2013

A non-contact inter-module link technique which consists of transmission line couplers (TLCs) and an equalizing receiver is proposed. The non-contact interface allows eliminating metal terminals and eases electro-static discharge (ESD) protection constraints, leading to higher channel bandwidth. Signals pass through two TLCs via a transmission line so that they are differentiated twice (d
2
v/d
t
2) and turn into double-peak pulses. To retrieve original waveforms, we developed a low-frequency compensation continuous time linear equalizer (LFC-CTLE) to emphasize the low frequency part converting the double-peak pulses to the first order differentiated shapes, resulting in improving the data rate. To verify this technique, we designed and fabricated a test chip in 0.18 µm CMOS technology and we achieved 3 Gbps data rate at the bit error rate of (BER) less than 10-11 with a 10-in. long FR4 micro strip line and two 11 mm length TLCs.
Effective Mobility Enhancement in Al2O3/InSb/Si Quantum Well Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors for Thin InSb Channel Layers
Authors: Ito Taihei , Kadoda Azusa , Nakayama Koji , Yasui Yuichiro , Mori Masayuki , Maezawa Koichi , Miyazaki Eiji , Mizutani Takashi
Published: February 2013

Al2O3/InSb/Si quantum well MOSFETs were fabricated with a thin InSb channel layer grown directly on Si(111) substrates. The InSb thickness ranged from 6 to 25 nm. These thicknesses are close to the critical thickness of InSb on Si, when the InSb layer is grown using a special technique called surface reconstruction controlled epitaxy, which reduces the lattice mismatch from 19.3 to 3.3% by rotating the in-plane InSb axis by 30° with respect to the Si(111) substrate. Good FET characteristics were observed for 10 nm InSb channel devices. The dependence of the device properties on InSb channel thickness was investigated. The enhancement of effective mobility for thin InSb channel devices was demonstrated, which indicates the crystal quality improvement when approaching the critical thickness.
Room-Temperature Tunneling Magnetoresistance in Magnetic Tunnel Junctions with a D03-Fe3Si Electrode
Authors: Fujita Yuichi , Yamada Shinya , Takemoto Gotaro , Oki Soichiro , Maeda Yuya , Miyao Masanobu , Hamaya Kohei
Published: February 2013

To inform room-temperature spin functionality of D03-ordered Fe3Si, we explore tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) effects in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) consisting of Co60Fe40/AlOx/Fe3Si on Si. We clearly observe reproducible TMR ratios of ∼20% at room temperature for all MTJs fabricated. By using Julliere's formula, the room-temperature spin polarization (P) value for D03-ordered Fe3Si can be roughly estimated to be ranging from 0.18 to 0.45 when we assume thePvalues from 0.5 to 0.2 for Co60Fe40. This study reveals that the room temperaturePvalue for D03-ordered Fe3Si is relatively small compared with that for Co-based Heusler alloys reported previously.
Leakage Current Suppression by Passivation of Defects by Anodic Oxidation of 4H-SiC Schottky Contacts
Authors: Kato Masashi , Kimura Masaya , Ichimura Masaya
Published: February 2013

To suppress the negative influence of defects on 4H-SiC Schottky barrier diode characteristics, we have developed a new method called passivation of defects by anodic oxidation (PDA). This method utilizes anodic oxidation as a means to form oxide films on defects of the 4H-SiC surface, and these oxide films can function as a resistive layer to the leakage current of Schottky barriers. We observed the current–voltage characteristics of Ni Schottky contacts on 4H-SiC before and after PDA. We found that the leakage current was significantly suppressed after PDA, while the increase in series resistance caused by PDA can be negligible when we apply PDA for an optimum time duration. These results suggest that the PDA method is a promising technique to improve the performance of 4H-SiC Schottky barrier diodes.
Geophysical Signatures of Subsurface Microbial Processes
Authors: Slater Lee , Atekwana Estella
Published: February 2013

Microbes are found in almost every conceivable part of the Earth, from hydrothermal vents in the deep ocean basins [Huber et al., 2007] to the cold subglacial lakes of Antarctic ice sheets [Mikucki et al., 2009]. The role of microorganisms in transforming Earth systems (e.g., accelerating mineral weathering) by mediating different biogeochemical cycles over the past 4 billion years has been well documented in many studies [e.g., Banfield et al., 1999]. However, microbial processes are challenging to investigate in situ. Direct (e.g., microbial composition and population density) and indirect (e.g., alteration of mineral phases by microbial activity) evidence for microbial activity requires sampling from boreholes, which is costly and invasive and provides poor spatial coverage.
Palladium(II) acetate‐catalyzed reduction of imines to the corresponding amines by triethylsilane
Authors: Mirza‐Aghayan Maryam , Boukherroub Rabah , Rahimifard Mahshid
Published: February 2013

Reduction of a variety of imine compounds with triethylsilane in the presence of catalytic amounts of palladium(II) acetate in ethanol resulted in the formation of the corresponding amines in excellent yields after short reaction times. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Redox‐active LBL films via in situ template polymerization of hydroquinone
Authors: He Jian , Guan Ying , Zhang Yongjun
Published: February 2013

New redox‐active hydrogel thin films with poly(hydroquinone) (PHQ) as polymeric redox couple and chitosan hydrogel as matrix are synthesized. Single‐component layer‐by‐layer films of chitosan are first fabricated in a uniform and reproducible manner, which is proved by UV and AFM studies. The chitosan films are then treated in acidic hydroquinone (HQ) solution to introduce PHQ. In situ generation of PHQ in the films is proved by UV and FTIR spectroscopy. PHQ formation also results in an increased film roughness and thickness. We confirmed that oxygen acts as oxidant and chitosan acts as template in the polymerization of HQ. Cyclic voltammogram of the film presents two oxidation peaks at 0.21 and 0.75 V and one reduction peak at −0.15 V(vs Ag/AgCl), indicating the film, which is originally not redox‐active, becomes redox‐active after the introduction of PHQ. The new redox‐active films may find applications in amperometric biosensors. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
RDA: Resource description & access—a survey of the current state of the art
Authors: Tosaka Yuji , Park Jung-ran
Published: February 2013

Resource Description & Access (RDA) is intended to provide a flexible and extensible framework that can accommodate all types of content and media within rapidly evolving digital environments while also maintaining compatibility with the Anglo‐American Cataloguing Rules, 2nd edition (AACR2). The cataloging community is grappling with practical issues in navigating the transition from AACR2 to RDA; there is a definite need to evaluate major subject areas and broader themes in information organization under the new RDA paradigm. This article aims to accomplish this task through a thorough and critical review of the emerging RDA literature published from 2005 to 2011. The review mostly concerns key areas of difference between RDA and AACR2, the relationship of the new cataloging code to metadata standards, the impact on encoding standards such as Machine‐Readable Cataloging (MARC), end user considerations, and practitioners' views on RDA implementation and training. Future research will require more in‐depth studies of RDA's expected benefits and the manner in which the new cataloging code will improve resource retrieval and bibliographic control for users and catalogers alike over AACR2. The question as to how the cataloging community can best move forward to the post‐AACR2/MARC environment must be addressed carefully so as to chart the future of bibliographic control in the evolving environment of information production, management, and use.
Endogenous Spatial Attention: Evidence for Intact Functioning in Adults With Autism
Authors: Grubb Michael A. , Behrmann Marlene , Egan Ryan , Minshew Nancy J. , Carrasco Marisa , Heeger David J.
Published: February 2013

Rapid manipulation of the attention field (i.e. the location and spread of visual spatial attention) is a critical aspect of human cognition, and previous research on spatial attention in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has produced inconsistent results. In a series of three psychophysical experiments, we evaluated claims in the literature that individuals with ASD exhibit a deficit in voluntarily controlling the deployment and size of the spatial attention field. We measured the spatial distribution of performance accuracies and reaction times to quantify the sizes and locations of the attention field, with and without spatial uncertainty (i.e. the lack of predictability concerning the spatial position of the upcoming stimulus). We found that high‐functioning adults with autism exhibited slower reaction times overall with spatial uncertainty, but the effects of attention on performance accuracies and reaction times were indistinguishable between individuals with autism and typically developing individuals in all three experiments. These results provide evidence of intact endogenous spatial attention function in high‐functioning adults with ASD, suggesting that atypical endogenous attention cannot be a latent characteristic of autism in general. Autism Res 2013, 6: 108–118. © 2013 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel family members of CYP109 from Sorangium cellulosum So ce56 exhibit characteristic biochemical and biophysical properties
Authors: Khatri Yogan , Hannemann Frank , Girhard Marco , Kappl Reinhard , Même Aurélie , Ringle Michael , Janocha Simon , Leize‐Wagner Emmanuelle , Urlacher Vlada B. , Bernhardt Rita
Published: February 2013

The members of the CYP109 family (CYP109C1, CYP109C2, and CYP109D1) from Sorangium cellulosum So ce56 are among the 21 P450 enzymes, of which only CYP109D1 and CYP264B1 have so far been functionally characterized. Here, we attempted to characterize two other P450s (CYP109C1 and CYP109C2) for the first time and compare their biochemical, biophysical, and functional properties to those of the fatty acid hydroxylating CYP109D1. Considering the physiological importance of fatty acids, we investigated saturated fatty acid binding and conversion for all members of the CYP109 family. The interaction between the CYP109 members and different autologous/heterologous redox partners was compared using Biacore measurements in which only CYP109D1 and bovine adrenodoxin (Adx) formed a complex. Surprisingly, this interaction was similarly efficient as the interaction of Adx with its mammalian redox partners. The in vitro reconstitution assays showed no activity when using CYP109C1, although substrate binding was demonstrated; also, there was subterminal hydroxylation of saturated fatty acids, when using CYP109C2 and CYP109D1, where CYP109D1 was a much more efficient fatty acid hydroxylase. Interestingly, the hydroxylation position moved inside the fatty acid chain when using long‐chain fatty acids, thus producing possible precursors for physiologically important products.
Hydrophilized Silicone Matrix for the Preparation of Stable Carbonyl Reductase Immobilizates
Authors: Scholz Alexander , Eckstein Marrit , Ansorge‐Schumacher Marion B.
Published: February 2013

Industrial use of enzymes requires high activity, stability, and manageability under technical conditions. Therefore, most biocatalysts are immobilized before use, often by physical adsorption onto a solid carrier. However, a major limitation for the technical use of such immobilizates is the insufficient operational stability under process conditions resulting from enzyme leaching and carrier disintegration. Our group demonstrated recently that for lipase‐catalyzed esterifications these limitations can be largely overcome by the formation of silCoat biocatalysts, composite materials of carrier‐bound enzymes and silicone. Here, we report the successful transformation of this method to the immobilization of carbonyl reductase (CR), an enzyme representing oxidoreductases as a completely different class of biocatalysts. The silCoat biocatalysts cannot be transferred directly to CR because they require an overall hydrophilic surrounding, which opposes the hydrophobicity of silicone. Consequently, the hydrophilization of the material is necessary to achieve reasonable enzyme activity. This was realized by the rational modification of the precursors for silicone formation and applied to increase the leaching stability and mechanical strength of the carrier‐bound CR. The resulting HYsilCoat CR had a significantly longer half‐life than that obtained through the uncoated preparation; the mechanical stability of an alumina carrier was increased by a factor of 120. This enables the consideration of mechanically unstable but environmentally friendly and/or cheap material as an enzyme carrier for industrial use.
Phthalocyanine‐Sensitized Graphene–CdS Nanocomposites: An Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Immunosensing Platform
Authors: Li Yong‐Jie , Ma Meng‐Jie , Yin Gui , Kong Yong , Zhu Jun‐Jie
Published: February 2013

A novel strategy is developed for the fabrication of graphene–CdS (G–CdS) nanocomposites by in situ growth of CdS nanoparticles onto simultaneously reduced graphite oxide, which is noncovalently functionalized by sodium 1‐pyrene sulfonate through strong π–π stacking interactions. Subsequently, cobalt 2,9,16,23‐tetraaminophthalocyanine (CoTAPc) is self‐assembled on the G–CdS nanocomposites through electrostatic interactions to produce phthalocyanine‐sensitized G–CdS nanocomposites. The photoactive superstructure enhances the photocurrent generation capability, and presents an efficient photoelectrochemical immunosensing platform for the ultrasensitive detection of the prostate‐specific antigen (PSA). The quantitative measurement of PSA is based on the decrease in the photocurrent intensity of the phthalocyanine‐sensitized G–CdS nanocomposites, which results from an increase in the steric hindrance due to the formation of the immunocomplex. A linear relationship between the photocurrent decrease and the PSA concentration is obtained in the wide range from 1 pg mL−1 to 5 μg mL−1 with a detection limit of 0.63 pg mL−1. The proposed sensor shows high sensitivity, stability, reproducibility, and can become a promising platform for other biomolecular detection.
Multifunctional Core‐Shell‐Corona‐Type Polymeric Micelles for Anticancer Drug‐Delivery and Imaging
Authors: Bastakoti Bishnu Prasad , Wu Kevin C.‐W. , Inoue Masamichi , Yusa Shin‐ichi , Nakashima Kenichi , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: February 2013

We have developed core‐shell‐corona‐type polymeric micelles that can integrate multiple functions in one system, including the capability of accommodating hydrophobic dyes into core and hydrophilic drug into the shell, as well as pH‐triggered drug‐release. The neutral and hydrophilic corona sterically stabilizes the multifunctional polymeric micelles in aqueous solution. The mineralization of calcium phosphate (CaP) on the PAA domain not only enhances the diagnostic efficacy of organic dyes, but also works as a diffusion barrier for the controlled release.
ChemInform Abstract: A Six‐Connected 3‐D Framework [enH2]2[Cu(en)2]3 [H2W12O42]·6H2O Constructed from Paratungstate‐Based Polyoxometalate Units.
Authors: Li Yuye , Leng Chunli , Zhao Junwei , Chen Sudi , Ma Pengtao , Chen Lijuan
Published: February 2013

The title compound is hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of CuCl2, Na2WO4, en, AcOH, and H2O (pH 8.5, 100 °C, autoclave, 7 d; 25% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed C(sp2)—H Cyanation Using Tertiary Amine Derived Isocyanide as a Cyano Source.
Authors: Peng Jiangling , Zhao Jiaji , Hu Ziwei , Liang Dongdong , Huang Jinbo , Zhu Qiang
Published: February 2013

Mechanistic studies indicate a tertiary carbon cation to be an intermediate.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I) Hydroxyapatite Catalyzed Sonogashira Reaction of Alkynes with Styrenyl Bromides. Reaction of cis‐Styrenyl Bromides Forming Unsymmetric Diynes.
Authors: Saha Debasree , Chatterjee Tanmay , Mukherjee Manabendra , Ranu Brindaban C.
Published: February 2013

Treatment of trans‐styrenyl bromides with alkynes under conditions A) provides a convenient approach to the expected trans‐enynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II) Triflate‐Catalyzed Reduction of Carboxylic Acids to Alcohols and Reductive Etherification of Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Zhang Yin‐Jie , Dayoub Wissam , Chen Guo‐Rong , Lemaire Marc
Published: February 2013

The procedure to reduce the carboxylic acids, aldehydes and ketones using TMDS as a reducing agent and Cu(OTf)2 as a catalyst is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Ethylenediamine Diacetate (EDDA) Mediated Synthesis of Aurones under Ultrasound: Their Evaluation as Inhibitors of SIRT1.
Authors: Manjulatha Khanapur , Srinivas S. , Mulakayala Naveen , Rambabu D. , Prabhakar M. , Arunasree Kalle M. , Alvala Mallika , Rao M. V. Basaveswara , Pal Manojit
Published: February 2013

An improved synthesis of functionalized aurones is achieved via reaction of benzofuranones, e.g. (I) with benzaldehydes such as (II) in the presence of a mild base under ultrasound.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation Using Free NH2 Substituted Thiophene Derivatives with Inhibition of Amination Type Reaction.
Authors: Derridj Fazia , Larbi Karim Si , Roger Julien , Djebbar Safia , Doucet Henri
Published: February 2013

The novel procedure for the direct arylation of the thiophene derivatives bearing a free amino group using aryl and heteroaryl bromides and iodides is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Squaramide‐Catalyzed Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Michael Addition of 3‐Substituted Oxindoles to Nitroalkenes.
Authors: Yang Wen , Wang Jingsi , Du Da‐Ming
Published: February 2013

Oxindoles can also be protected with ethyl oxy carbonyl.
ChemInform Abstract: Aerobic Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenation of Cyclohexene‐1‐carbonyl Indole Amides: An Indole‐Directed Aromatization.
Authors: Kandukuri Sandeep R. , Oestreich Martin
Published: February 2013

In the presence of O2, PivOH, Pd(OAc)2, and methyl nicotinate cyclohexenes of type (I) and (IV) are found to undergo unexpected aromatization to afford N‐benzoylindoles like (II) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Reactions of 3,5‐Dichloro‐1,2,4‐thiadiazole.
Authors: Farahat Abdelbasset A. , Boykin David W.
Published: February 2013

A ready access to two types of 3,5‐diarylthiadiazoles is achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Substituted 4‐Alkoxyisoquinolin‐1‐amines by the Reactions of 2‐[Alkoxy(lithio)methyl]benzonitriles with Nitriles.
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Matsumoto Kota , Ezaki Kosuke
Published: February 2013

A direct and general preparation of the title isoquinolines (III) and (V) is accomplished in a one‐pot fashion using lithiated (alkoxymethyl)benzonitriles.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of Functionalized Thiazines in Water.
Authors: Rostami‐Charati Faramarz , Hossaini Zinatossadat , Moghimi Masoumeh , Kowsari Elaheh
Published: February 2013

A simple procedure allows the synthesis of thiazine derivatives by a three‐component reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Approach to the Synthesis of Triazolobenzothiadiazepine 1,1‐Dioxide Derivatives by Basic Alumina‐Supported Azide—Alkyne [3 + 2] Cycloaddition.
Authors: Majumdar K. C. , Ganai Sintu , Sinha Biswajit
Published: February 2013

Synthesis of title compounds is achieved by the present new reaction of substituted benzenesulfonamides (I) with various propargyl bromides in basic alumina under microwave irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: A Focused Sulfated Glycoconjugate Ugi Library for Probing Heparan Sulfate‐Binding Angiogenic Growth Factors.
Authors: Liu Ligong , Li Caiping , Cochran Siska , Feder Daniel , Guddat Luke W. , Ferro Vito
Published: February 2013

Small molecule heparan sulfate mimetics like (VI) and (X) are synthesized by the Ugi four‐component condensation of mannopyranoside‐derived isocyanides (I) and (VII) with a variety of carboxylic acids, e.g.(II), amines such as (III) and (VIII), and formaldehyde (IV) as the carbonyl component, followed by sulfonation.
ChemInform Abstract: The Direct Synthesis of Pure Zeolite‐A Using “Virgin” Kaolin.
Authors: Holmes Stuart M. , Alomair Abdulaziz A. , Kovo Abdul S.
Published: February 2013

Nigerian kaolin is converted into pure zeolite‐A by calcination of the kaolin at 650 °C for ten minutes, followed by mixing the obtained metakaolin with a zeolite seed, NaOH, and H2O (autoclave, 100 °C, 3 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Surface and Catalytic Properties of TiO2—ZrO2 Mixed Oxides
Authors: Li Kuo‐Tseng , Wang Ikai , Wu Jung‐Chung
Published: February 2013

Review: 27 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Induction in Reactions of Chiral Acylazinium Salts
Authors: Egorov I. N. , Rusinov V. L. , Chupakhin O. N.
Published: February 2013

Review: 25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Carbocyclizations
Authors: Deng Youqian , Persson Andreas K. A. , Baeckvall Jan‐E.
Published: February 2013

Review: ca. 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Versatile Synthesis of Indoles from Enamines and Imines by Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling
Authors: Shi Zhuangzhi , Glorius Frank
Published: February 2013

Review: 19 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: N,N‐Dimethylformamide: A Multipurpose Building Block
Authors: Ding Shengtao , Jiao Ning
Published: February 2013

Review: formylation, aminocarbonylation, amination, amidation, cyanation; 122 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple, but Challenging: Recent Developments in the Asymmetric Synthesis of Spiroketals
Authors: Wilsdorf Michael , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich
Published: February 2013

Review: 21 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphorus Derivatives of Hydroxylamines, Oximes and Hydroxamic Acids
Authors: Palacios Francisco , de los Santos Jesus M. , Vicario Javier , Alonso Concepcion
Published: February 2013

Review: 298 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Organic Dyes for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells: Recent Advances
Authors: Kanaparthi Ravi Kumar , Kandhadi Jaipal , Giribabu Lingamallu
Published: February 2013

Review: ca. 100 refs.
A compartmental model of neuropeptide circulation and capture between the axon soma and nerve terminals
Authors: Kuznetsov I.A. , Kuznetsov A.V.
Published: February 2013

This paper is motivated by a recent experimental research by Levitan and colleagues (Wong MY, Zhou C, Shakiryanova D, Lloyd TE, Deitcher DL, Levitan ES. Neuropeptide delivery to synapses by long‐range vesicle circulation and sporadic capture. Cell 2012; 148(5): 1029–1038), which discovered and explained the circulation of dense core vesicles (DCVs) between the neuron soma and nerve terminals. We developed a compartmental mechanistic model to simulate this circulation. The model includes five compartments, the axonal compartment and four en passant boutons, which are small axonal varicosities that are present in many axon terminals. By postulating expressions for DCV fluxes between the compartments and for the rates of DCV capture in the boutons and utilizing conservation of DCVs, ODEs modeling concentrations in each of the compartments were developed. The equations were then solved numerically. The obtained results provide insight into how DCV circulation develops, what the circulation is at steady state, and how it may be affected by defects in retrograde transport. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mesoporous Fluorocarbon‐Modified Silica Aerogel Membranes Enabling Long‐Term Continuous CO2 Capture with Large Absorption Flux Enhancements
Authors: Lin Yi‐Feng , Chen Chien‐Hua , Tung Kuo‐Lun , Wei Te‐Yu , Lu Shih‐Yuan , Chang Kai‐Shiun
Published: February 2013

The use of a membrane contactor combined with a hydrophobic porous membrane and an amine absorbent has attracted considerable attention for the capture of CO2 because of its extensive use, low operational costs, and low energy consumption. The hydrophobic porous membrane interface prevents the passage of the amine absorbent but allows the penetration of CO2 molecules that are captured by the amine absorbent. Herein, highly porous SiO2 aerogels modified with hydrophobic fluorocarbon functional groups (CF3) were successfully coated onto a macroporous Al2O3 membrane; their performance in a membrane contactor for CO2 absorption is discussed. The SiO2 aerogel membrane modified with CF3 functional groups exhibits the highest CO2 absorption flux and can be continuously operated for CO2 absorption for extended periods of time. This study suggests that a SiO2 aerogel membrane modified with CF3 functional groups could potentially be used in a membrane contactor for CO2 absorption. Also, the resulting hydrophobic SiO2 aerogel membrane contactor is a promising technology for large‐scale CO2 absorption during the post‐combustion process in power plants.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Two Analogues of Meiogynin A
Authors: Dardenne Jérémy , Desrat Sandy , Guéritte Françoise , Roussi Fanny
Published: February 2013

The efficient and asymmetric synthesis of two analogues of meiogynin A, a natural sesquiterpenoid dimer that was recently isolated by our group, is reported. The key reaction was a highly selective intermolecular Diels–Alder reaction between an aromatic triene and two chiral dienes. This convergent synthesis maximizes the atom economy concept, as the expected compounds were obtained in only eight steps without any protecting groups.
A Telescoping Synthesis of Chimeric Polyheterocycles through a Piperidine‐Mediated Multicomponent Reaction
Authors: Lee Chia‐Hsin , Hsu Wei‐Shun , Chen Chih‐Hau , Sun Chung‐Ming
Published: February 2013

A new piperidine‐catalyzed Groebke–Bienaymé–Blackburn (GBB) multicomponent reaction of 2‐aminobenzimidazoles, methyl 2‐formylbenzoate, and isocyanides has been explored. A facile and straightforward postmodification leads to isoquinolinone‐embedded imidazo[1,2‐a]benzimidazoles. Insight into a plausible mechanism is discussed and supported by X‐ray crystal structure analysis.
Synthesis of Fluorinated exo‐Glycals through Modified Julia Olefination
Authors: Habib Samuel , Larnaud Florent , Pfund Emmanuel , Lequeux Thierry , Fenet Bernard , Goekjian Peter G. , Gueyrard David
Published: February 2013

An efficient synthesis of fluorinated enol ethers derived from carbohydrates is reported. A modified Julia olefination reaction of functionalized lactones with fluorine‐substituted sulfones gives the corresponding monofluorinated tri‐ or tetrasubstituted exo‐glycals.
Use of brightness wavelet transformation for automated analysis of serum metallothioneins‐ and zinc‐containing proteins by Western blots to subclassify childhood solid tumours
Authors: Vyslouzilova Lenka , Krizkova Sona , Anyz Jiri , Hynek David , Hrabeta Jan , Kruseova Jarmila , Eckschlager Tomas , Adam Vojtech , Stepankova Olga , Kizek Rene
Published: February 2013

In this study, we determined serum levels of metallothioneins (MTs) and zinc in children with solid tumours (neuroblastoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, medulloblastoma, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma and nephroblastoma) by differential pulse voltammetry Brdicka reaction and ELISA. Zn(II) level in patients sera was 40% compared to controls, contrariwise, MT level was 4.2 × higher in patients. No significant differences among single diagnoses were found both for Zn(II) and MT. When determined Zn(II)/MT ratio, in controls its value was 24.6, but it was 2.6 in patients. After Western‐blotting with anti‐MT and anti‐Zn chicken antibodies, variable intensities of the bands within the samples were observed. The brightness curve obtained for each sample both for MT‐ and Zn blots was further analysed to produce a list of band positions together with some complementary information related to the intensity of the observed bands by the optimised algorithm. We constructed from those profiles decision trees that enable to distinguish different groups of tumours. The blood samples were heat‐treated, in which we supposed mainly MT, but samples contained other thermostable Zn‐containing proteins that were helpful for identification of embryonal tumours with 88% accuracy and for identification of sarcomas with 78% accuracy. In MT blots the accuracies were 53 and 45%, respectively. Simultaneous analysis of MT and Zn blots did not increased accuracy of identification neither in embryonal tumours (80%) nor in sarcomas. Those results are promising not only from diagnostic point of view but particularly in the area of studying of individual MT isoforms and their aggregates in malignant tumours.
The influence of topography and approach angles on local deflections of airflow within a coastal blowout
Authors: Pease Patrick , Gares Paul
Published: February 2013

The spatial variability of air flow through complex topography is an important, but not fully understood, component of dune development and dynamics. This study examines the spatial variability of the wind field in a linear blowout in coastal dunes at Jockey's Ridge State Park, on the Outer Banks of North Carolina. A spatial array of single‐height anemometers and wind vanes were placed within the blowout. Topography exerted a significant steering effect when onshore winds approached from directions within 50° of the blowout axis. Under those conditions wind flow in the blowout aligned to the axis regardless of approach angle, maximizing the potential for erosion and transport in the trough. In other locations aspect variations caused deflection both proportional and disproportional to changes in the approaching wind. When prevailing winds approached from directions more oblique than 50° to the blowout axis, topographic steering through the blowout trough was reduced and secondary flow generated by flow separation over the trough became more prominent. During those approach angles, wind directions and speeds within the upper blowout trough became erratic as vortices and turbulence dominated the flow, minimizing transport potential. The changing characteristics of airflow in the blowout relative to differing approach angles has implications on dune development and variations in transport potential under changing conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erosion, deposition, and the persistence of soil organic matter: mechanistic considerations and problems with terminology
Authors: Berhe Asmeret Asefaw , Kleber Markus
Published: February 2013

The effect of erosional detachment, transport, and deposition of topsoil on the stock of soil organic matter (SOM) and its association with soil minerals has been a focus of a growing number of studies. A particularly lively debate is currently centered on the questions of whether terrestrial sedimentation of previously eroded SOM may constitute a relevant sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), and how ‘stable’ such carbon (C) might be on multidecadal timescales. In this commentary, we illustrate how redistribution of eroded SOM within a landscape can create situations that are not adequately described by the jargon commonly used to characterize C turnover dynamics. We argue that more quantitative and scientifically rigorous categories are needed to describe soil C turnover and to promote the development of innovative, numerical models of C dynamics in landscapes characterized by significant mass movement. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rock magnetic properties of dendrites: insights from MFM imaging and implications for paleomagnetic studies
Authors: Shaar Ron , Feinberg Joshua M.
Published: February 2013

Dendrites are crystals that grow in branches that diverge along crystallographically defined directions. Despite the importance of dendrites in paleomagnetic research, little is known about how dendrites act as magnetic recorders, because they exhibit complicated magnetic domain structures. In this study, we experimentally examine how textures and sizes of dendrites affect their magnetic domain structure and magnetic properties. We study two basaltic glass samples and three synthetic slag samples, which collectively define a wide range of dendritic morphologies. We use electron microscopy to characterize the morphology of the dendrites and magnetic force microscopy (MFM) to observe their magnetic domain structure. We characterize the dendrites’ bulk properties by firs‐order reversal curve distributions, Thellier‐style paleointensity experiments, anisotropy of remanence, and anisotropy of susceptibility. The samples with the thinnest dendrites have high coercivity, stable single‐domain (SD) – pseudo single‐domain magnetization, and yield ideal Arai plots. By contrast, the sample with the thickest dendrites has the lowest coercivity and shows the most extreme multidomain (MD) behavior. All samples except one, exhibit significant remanence and susceptibility anisotropy. MFM observations show that dendrites built from branches of interconnected octahedra, typical for basaltic glass, have a stable, high coercivity, SD‐like magnetization despite the fact that their overall dimensions exceed the SD‐MD threshold. Their stability is likely due to interactions between the octahedra and their narrow rod‐like interconnections. Dendrites that crystallize in faster cooling environments, such as in archaeological slag, display finer branch thicknesses (<1 µm) and few, if any, octahedra. The tips of these dendrites consist of closely intergrown, rounded, acicular branches that behave as pseudo single‐domain grains due to interactions between the branches. The largest, thickest dendrites show MD behavior and MFM images show their magnetic domain walls to be arranged in crystallographically controlled, geometrically repetitive patterns within elongated branches, which give rise to their anisotropy characteristics.
Formation of thick stratiform Fe‐Ti oxide layers in layered intrusion and frequent replenishment of fractionated mafic magma: Evidence from the Panzhihua intrusion, SW China
Authors: Song Xie‐Yan , Qi Hua‐Wen , Hu Rui‐Zhong , Chen Lie‐Meng , Yu Song‐Yue , Zhang Jia‐Fei
Published: February 2013

The Panzhihua intrusion is one of the largest layered intrusions that hosts huge stratiform Fe‐Ti oxide layers in the central part of the Emeishan large igneous province, SW China. Up to 60 m thick stratiform massive Fe‐Ti oxide layers containing ~85 modal% of magnetite and ilmenite and overlying magnetite gabbro compose cyclic units of the Lower Zone of the intrusion. The cyclic units of the Middle Zone consist of magnetite gabbro and overlying gabbro. In these cyclic units, contents of Fe2O3(t), TiO2 and Cr and Fe3+/Ti4+ ratio of the rocks decrease upward, Cr content of magnetite and forsterite percentage of olivine decrease as well. The Upper Zone consists of apatite gabbro characterized by enrichment of incompatible elements (e.g., 12–18 ppm La, 20–28 ppm Y) and increasing of Fe3+/Ti4+ ratio (from 1.3 to 2.3) upward. These features indicate that the Panzhihua intrusion was repeatedly recharged by more primitive magma and evolved magmas had been extracted. Calculations using MELTS indicate that extensive fractionation of olivine and clinopyroxene in deep level resulted in increasing Fe and Ti contents in the magma. When these Fe‐Ti‐enriched magmas were emplaced along the base of the Panzhihua intrusion, Fe‐Ti oxides became an early crystallization phase, leading to a residual magma of lower density. We propose that the unusually thick stratiform Fe‐Ti oxide layers resulted from coupling of gravity settling and sorting of the crystallized Fe‐Ti oxides from Fe‐Ti‐enriched magmas and frequent magma replenishment along the floor of the magma chamber.