bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Reclassification of Risk for Incidence of Heart Failure
Authors: Myers Jonathan , Kokkinos Peter , Chan Khin , Dandekar Eshan , Yilmaz Bilge , Nagare Atul , Faselis Charles , Soofi, Muhammad
Published: June 2017

Background—

It is well established that cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is inversely associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. However, little is known regarding the association between CRF and incidence of heart failure (HF).

Methods and Results—

Between 1987 and 2014, we assessed CRF in 21 080 HF-free subjects (58.3±11 years) at the Veterans Affairs Medical Centers in Washington, DC, and Palo Alto, CA. Subjects were classified by age-specific quintiles of CRF. Multivariable Cox models were used to determine the association between HF incidence and clinical and exercise test variables. Reclassification characteristics of fitness relative to standard clinical risk factors were determined using the category-free net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement indices. During the follow-up (mean 12.3±7.4 years), 1902 subjects developed HF (9.0%; average annual incidence rate, 7.4 events per 1000 person-years). When CRF was considered as a binary variable (unfit/fit), low fitness was the strongest predictor of risk for HF among clinical and exercise test variables (hazard ratio, 1.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.74–2.09;
P
<0.001). In a fully adjusted model with the least-fit group as the reference, there was a graded and progressive reduction in risk for HF as fitness level was higher. Risks for developing HF were 36%, 41%, 67%, and 76% lower among increasing quintiles of fitness compared with the least-fit subjects (
P
<0.001). Adding CRF to standard risk factors resulted in a net reclassification improvement of 0.37 (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—

CRF is strongly, inversely, and independently associated with the incidence of HF in veterans referred for exercise testing.
Cardioprotective Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Factor 2 by Suppressing Apoptosis and Necroptosis
Authors: Guo Xiaoyun , Yin Haifeng , Li Lei , Chen Yi , Li Jing , Doan Jessica , Steinmetz Rachel , Liu Qinghang
Published: June 2017

Background:

Programmed cell death, including apoptosis, mitochondria-mediated necrosis, and necroptosis, is critically involved in ischemic cardiac injury, pathological cardiac remodeling, and heart failure progression. Whereas apoptosis and mitochondria-mediated necrosis signaling is well established, the regulatory mechanisms of necroptosis and its significance in the pathogenesis of heart failure remain elusive.

Methods:

We examined the role of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (Traf2) in regulating myocardial necroptosis and remodeling using genetic mouse models. We also performed molecular and cellular biology studies to elucidate the mechanisms by which Traf2 regulates necroptosis signaling.

Results:

We identified a critical role for Traf2 in myocardial survival and homeostasis by suppressing necroptosis. Cardiac-specific deletion of
Traf2
in mice triggered necroptotic cardiac cell death, pathological remodeling, and heart failure. Plasma tumor necrosis factor α level was significantly elevated in
Traf2
-deficient mice, and genetic ablation of
TNFR1
largely abrogated pathological cardiac remodeling and dysfunction associated with Traf2 deletion. Mechanistically, Traf2 critically regulates receptor-interacting proteins 1 and 3 and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein necroptotic signaling with the adaptor protein tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein with death domain as an upstream regulator and transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 as a downstream effector. It is important to note that genetic deletion of
RIP3
largely rescued the cardiac phenotype triggered by Traf2 deletion, validating a critical role of necroptosis in regulating pathological remodeling and heart failure propensity.

Conclusions:

These results identify an important Traf2-mediated, NFκB-independent, prosurvival pathway in the heart by suppressing necroptotic signaling, which may serve as a new therapeutic target for pathological remodeling and heart failure.
Comparative morphological and molecular taxonomic study of six Achaeta species (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) with the description of a new Achaeta species from Kőszeg Mountains, Hungary
Authors: DÓZSA-FARKAS KLÁRA , FELFÖLDI TAMÁS
Published: June 2017

Five Achaeta species (A. affinis, A. bohemica sensu stricto, A. camerani, A. cf. danica, A. unibulba) and a new species, described here as A. tothi sp. n., were found during the investigation of the enchytraeid fauna of western Hungary (Őrség National Park and Kőszeg Mts.). Comparative morphological and molecular taxonomic investigations were performed with several individuals representing these six Achaeta species. A detailed description of the new species is given, and we also present some additional morphological data and photos about the other five Achaeta species. Such information could have importance in subsequent taxonomic studies and will aid the discrimination among the members of genus Achaeta. Furthermore, the obtained sequences could serve as references in forthcoming studies applying DNA-based taxon identification.
Redescription of the pagurid hermit crab Catapaguroides fragilis (Melin, 1939) and descriptions of two new species from deep-sea off the Ryukyu Islands, Japan (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura)
Authors: KOMAI TOMOYUKI
Published: June 2017

Three species of the pagurid hermit crab genus Catapaguroides A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1892, all from Japanese waters, are reported. Catapaguroides fragilis (Melin, 1939) is redescribed on the basis of the holotype and additional material from southern Japan. Diagnostic characters of this poorly known species are fully assessed. Two new species, C. bythos and C. rubromaculatus, are described and illustrated on the basis of material from upper bathyal depths off the Ryukyu Islands. Catapaguroides rubromaculatus n. sp. resembles C. fragilis and C. hirsutus Komai & Rahayu, 2013, but the characteristic shape of the ocular peduncle and the elongate male right sexual tube with an anteriorly directed distal portion readily separate C. rubromaculatus n. sp. from the latter two congeners. Catapaguroides bythos n. sp. appears close to C. mortenseni de Saint Laurent, 1968 and C. pectinipes (Lewinsohn, 1969), but the different armature of the chelipeds distinguishes C. bythos n. sp. from the latter two allies. Catapaguroides is now represented by 30 species.
Oxynoemacheilus zarzianus, a new loach from the Lesser Zab River drainage in Iraqi Kurdistan (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)
Authors: FREYHOF JÖRG , GEIGER MATTHIAS
Published: June 2017

Oxynoemacheilus zarzianus, new species, is described from the Lesser Zab River drainage, a tributary of the lower Tigris. It is distinguished from other Oxynoemacheilus species in the Tigris drainage by having a slightly emarginate caudal fin, no suborbital groove in males, a complete lateral line, the posterior process of the bony air-bladder capsule directed posteriorly, the flank and posterior part of back covered by scales, short barbels and a deep caudal peduncle. It is the fourth Oxynoemacheilus species known from the Lesser Zab drainage, where such loaches seem to be highly isolated in headwaters. Oxynoemacheilus species diversity in the Euphrates and Tigris drainage is exceptional high. Today 22 species are known from the entire Euphrates and Tigris drainage and 15 from the Tigris drainage alone.
New species of aturid water mites from southern Africa (Acari: Hydrachnidia: Aturidae)
Authors: SMIT HARRY
Published: June 2017

One new subgenus, i.e. Shebaturus and one new species, Amperaturus globulipes n. sp. is described from South Africa. Hexaxonopsis clavigera (Walter, 1922) is re-described. New records are given for South Africa and Namibia, including the first records of the genera Aturus Kramer and Kongsbergia Thor.
Diagnosis of Decadal Predictability of Southern Ocean Sea Surface Temperature in the GFDL CM2.1 Model
Authors: Zhang Liping , Delworth Thomas L. , Jia Liwei
Published: June 2017

The average predictability time (APT) method is used to identify the most predictable components of decadal sea surface temperature (SST) variations over the Southern Ocean (SO) in a 4000-yr unforced control run of the GFDL CM2.1 model. The most predictable component shows significant predictive skill for periods as long as 20 years. The physical pattern of this variability has a uniform sign of SST anomalies over the SO, with maximum values over the Amundsen–Bellingshausen–Weddell Seas. Spectral analysis of the associated APT time series shows a broad peak on time scales of 70–120 years. This most predictable pattern is closely related to the mature phase of a mode of internal variability in the SO that is associated with fluctuations of deep ocean convection. The second most predictable component of SO SST is characterized by a dipole structure, with SST anomalies of one sign over the Weddell Sea and SST anomalies of the opposite sign over the Amundsen–Bellingshausen Seas. This component has significant predictive skill for periods as long as 6 years. This dipole mode is associated with a transition between phases of the dominant pattern of SO internal variability. The long time scales associated with variations in SO deep convection provide the source of the predictive skill of SO SST on decadal scales. These analyses suggest that if the SO deep convection in a numerical forecast model could be adequately initialized, the future evolution of SO SST and its associated climate impacts are potentially predictable.
A Short-Wavelength Raman Optical Activity Spectrometer with Laser Source at 457 nm for the Characterization of Chiral Molecules
Authors: Zhang Ying , Wang Peng , Jia Guoqing , Cheng Feng , Feng Zhaochi , Li Can
Published: June 2017

Developing a high-sensitivity Raman optical activity (ROA) spectrometer has been regarded as one of the great challenges in chiral science and technology. Herein, we report our recent progress on the development of a short-wavelength ROA (sw-ROA) spectrometer with the excitation line at 457 nm, which shows obviously improved signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio compared with the currently available 532 nm ROA spectrometer. This could be ascribed to the fifth-power of frequency dependence for ROA intensity together with the potential advantage of avoiding fluorescence for most molecules. The required laser power at the sample for being able to obtain a reliable ROA spectrum is less than 150 milliwatts (mW) for most samples. In the case of neat S-α-pinene sample, the ROA signal can be acquired with the laser power at sample as low as 5 mW with the total exposure time of 5 min. The concentration of S-α-pinene sample can be reduced to 10% (v/v) by diluting with ethanol. These results demonstrate the great potential of sw-ROA (457 nm) working with decreased laser power, shortened acquisition time, and lower sample concentration. The applicability of sw-ROA (457 nm) has also been demonstrated by measuring representative chiral samples, including carbohydrates, amino acids, protein in aqueous solution, and chiral organic molecule in organic solvents.
Mindfulness-Based Heroism: Creating Enlightened Heroes
Authors: Jones Patrick
Published: June 2017

The field of mindfulness and the emerging science of heroism have a common interest in the causes and conditions of selfless altruism though up to this point there has been little cross-pollination. However, there is increasing evidence that mindfulness training delivers heroically relevant qualities such as increased attentional functioning, enhanced primary sensory awareness, greater conflict monitoring, increased cognitive control, reduced fear response, and an increase in loving kindness and self-sacrificing behaviors. Predicated on the notion of a “no self,” traditional mindfulness and its focus on enlightenment and selfless service may in fact be ideally suited to the development of the elusive “trait” (predictable) versus “state” (intermittent) heroic character. Interweaving observations and questions drawn from the science of heroism, the article explores the relevant theory, practices, and scientific outcomes of mindfulness. It finds that there is evidence that heroically relevant qualities are trainable with the suite of mindfulness techniques and that an enduring experience of selflessness and service of others (the enlightened hero) may well be within the grasp of the serious practitioner.
Expert Western Classical Music Improvisers’ Strategies
Authors: Després Jean-Philippe , Burnard Pamela , Dubé Francis , Stévance Sophie
Published: June 2017

The growing interest in musical improvisation is exemplified by the body of literatures evidencing the positive impacts of improvisation learning on the musical apprentice’s aptitudes and the increasing presence of improvisation in Western classical concert halls and competitions. However, high-level Western classical music improvisers’ thinking processes are not yet thoroughly documented. As a result of this gap, our research addresses the following question: What strategies are implemented in the course of performance by Western classical music improvisers? To answer this question, semistructured interviews were conducted with five internationally recognized Western classical music expert improvisers. Each participant improvised, and immediately afterward, a retrospective verbal protocol with subjective aided recall data collection strategy was used to elicit the improvising musician’s strategies. After transcription, the interviews were coded and analyzed using NVivo 10 software, with a mixed (i.e., combining inductive and deductive coding) category approach. Our data revealed 46 improvisation strategies that were subsequently organized into five categories: preplanning, conceptual, structural, atmospheric and stylistic, and real time. Pedagogical implications arising from these findings are that (a) learners should be guided toward implementing various strategies and (b) the capacity to switch from one strategy to another according to the circumstances should be promoted.
What’s the Harm? The Coverage of Ethics and Harm Avoidance in Research Methods Textbooks
Authors: Dixon Shane , Quirke Linda
Published: June 2017

Methods textbooks play a role in socializing a new generation of researchers about ethical research. How do undergraduate social research methods textbooks portray harm, its prevalence, and ways to mitigate harm to participants? We conducted a content analysis of ethics chapters in the 18 highest-selling undergraduate textbooks used in sociology research methods courses in the United States and Canada in 2013. We found that experiments are portrayed as the research design most likely to harm participants. Textbooks overwhelmingly referred to high-profile, well-known examples of harmful research. Chapters primarily characterize participants as at risk for psychological and physical harm. Textbooks engage in detailed discussions of how to avoid harm; informed consent figures prominently as an essential way to mitigate risk of harm. We conclude that textbooks promote a procedural rather than nuanced approach to ethics and that content in ethics chapters is out of step with scholarly research in research ethics.
Development and Validation of a New Cardio‐Specific Resting Energy Expenditure Equation for Adults
Authors: Efremov Sergey Mihailovich , Talaban Valeria Olegovna , Ponomarev Dmitry Nikolaevich , Vedernikov Pavel Eugenyevich , Chechenin Mihail Gennadyevich , Artemieva Victoria Vladimirovna , Lomivorotov Vladimir Vladimirovich
Published: June 2017

Background: This study tested the accuracy of resting energy expenditure (REE) equations among patients who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass and developed/validated a more accurate cardio‐specific equation (CSE). Materials and Methods: Prospective observational cohort of 240 adults (derivation data set, 170 patients; validation data set, 70 patients). REEs were calculated with 6 equations—Penn State 2003a, Penn State 2003b, Ireton‐Jones, Swinamer, Faisy, and American College of Chest Physicians—and results were compared with indirect calorimetry (IC). Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to develop the CSE. Agreement between measured and calculated REEs was assessed with Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (LCCC), Bland‐Altman plot, and regression analysis. Results: LCCCs present poor agreement between measured and calculated REEs: 0.24 (95% CI, 0.19–0.29), for the Faisy equation; 0.15 (95% CI, 0.1–0.19), Ireton‐Jones; 0.31 (95% CI, 0.25–0.37), Swinamer; 0.17 (95% CI, 0.13–0.21), Penn State 2003a; 0.19 (95% CI, 0.14–0.23), Penn State 2003b; and 0.11 (95% CI, 0.07–0.15), American College of Chest Physicians. Based on the derivation data set, REEs are explained by the following equation: CSE = 616 − 8 × age in years + 13 × weight in kilograms + 450 if on ventilator + 159 × MV in liters + 145 if on inotropes. Based on the validation study results, the LCCC between IC and the CSE was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.73–0.88). Conclusion: The CSE has adequate precision and could be used for REE estimation for patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass if IC is unavailable.
Working memory effects on L1 and L2 processing of ambiguous relative clauses by Korean L2 learners of English
Authors: Kim Ji Hyon , Christianson Kiel
Published: June 2017

In this study, we report the results of two self-paced reading experiments that investigated working memory capacity effects on the processing of globally ambiguous relative clauses by advanced Korean second language (L2) learners of English. Consistent with previous monolingual literature on the processing of temporary ambiguity, we found that working memory capacity was a factor that also affected the processing of globally ambiguous relative clauses. High working memory capacity was positively correlated with a processing disadvantage reflected as slower reading times at the region where the ambiguity becomes detectable, and longer response times to decide on a correct disambiguation for the target structure. Furthermore, a similar pattern was also found in the same participants’ processing of L2 ambiguity. We conclude that for highly advanced L2 learners, the processing strategies employed for ambiguous structures are not qualitatively different between the same individual’s first language (L1) and L2, but rather differ across readers of different working memory capacities.
Factors Associated With Domestic Violence Against Women in Iran: An Exploratory Multicenter Community-Based Study
Authors: Saffari Mohsen , Arslan Syed Asadullah , Yekaninejad Mir Saeid , Pakpour Amir H. , Zaben Faten Al , Koenig Harold G.
Published: June 2017

Domestic violence against women committed by intimate partners is a worldwide concern especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to assess the problem among Iranian women and identify associated risk factors. Using a cross-sectional multicenter design, 1,600 women in six different areas of Iran were surveyed. A measure of domestic violence against women was administered and demographic information collected. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with domestic violence. The prevalence of domestic violence among participants were emotional (64%), physical (28%), and sexual (18%). Higher education (both women and their partners), employment status of partner (being employed), and lower number of children lowered the risk, whereas history of previous marriage (for either women or their partners), unstable marriage, substance abuse, crowded family situation, and lower socioeconomic status increased the risk of domestic violence. There is a high prevalence of domestic violence, particularly emotional, against women by their partners. Preventive measures are recommended such as increasing public awareness, improving in socioeconomic status of families, educating women about what they can do, and encouraging counseling for the couple or the woman alone.
Collaborative Counties: Questioning the Role of Civil Society
Authors: Campbell Joseph T. , Lobao Linda M. , Betz Michael R.
Published: June 2017

Local governments face increased pressure to collaborate with one another to provide services aimed at increasing economic development. While scholars and practitioners share interest in intergovernmental collaboration, past studies have rarely questioned the role of civil society. Based on the social capital literature, a robust local civil society with high rates of volunteerism and civic engagement should facilitate local government cooperation. Using unique primary data from county governments across the United States, the authors question the degree to which local civil society influences collaborative behavior. The authors further contrast civil society’s influence relative to that of private business interests. This study provides modest evidence for the role of civil society. Rather, the findings suggest that collaboration is greatest where business involvement in development is higher and public participation tends toward more “token” policies (i.e., citizen input mechanisms) rather than organized, citizen group involvement in decision making.
Experimental investigation on the performance of a side channel pump under gas–liquid two-phase flow operating condition
Authors: Zhang Fan , Böhle Martin , Yuan Shouqi
Published: June 2017

Side channel pump is a kind of small volume vane pump with low flow rate but high head and most side channel pumps can transport gas–liquid two-phase flow. In order to investigate the performance of this type of pump depending on the blade suction angle under gas–liquid two-phase flow operating condition, an experimental study has been carried out. The head and efficiency curves, and the influence of blade suction angle changes on these curves for different inlet gas volume fraction states are analyzed in detail. Moreover, the gas transporting capability of the impeller with three different blade suction angles (10°, 20°, 30°) are also compared. The results show that the head and efficiency performances of the three impellers decrease a large value when the side channel pump operates with a little gas inside, and the operating range narrows as well. With the increasing of inlet gas volume fraction, the performance of the side channel pump worsens. The head and efficiency performances in the single-phase state improve by increasing the blade suction angle, but decrease by increasing the blade suction angle in the gas–liquid two-phase flow state. The maximum gas transporting capability of the impeller with a small blade suction angle is better than a large blade suction angle. Analysis on the measured data allows a better understanding of the effect of inlet gas quantity on the performance of the side channel pump with different blade suction angles, and it could supply the design reference for two-phase flow side channel pumps.
Psychometric evaluation of the Moral Distress Risk Scale: A methodological study
Authors: Schaefer Rafaela , Zoboli Elma LCP , Vieira Margarida M
Published: June 2017

Background:

Moral distress is a kind of suffering that nurses may experience when they act in ways that are considered inconsistent with moral values, leading to a perceived compromise of moral integrity. Consequences are mostly negative and include physical and psychological symptoms, in addition to organizational implications.

Objective:

To psychometrically test the Moral Distress Risk Scale.

Research design:

A methodological study was realized. Data were submitted to exploratory factorial analysis through the SPSS statistical program.

Participants and research context:

In total, 268 nurses from hospitals and primary healthcare settings participated in this research during the period of March to June of 2016.

Ethical considerations:

This research has ethics committee approval.

Findings:

The Moral Distress Risk Scale is composed of 7 factors and 30 items; it shows evidence of acceptable reliability and validity with a Cronbach’s α = 0.913, a total variance explained of 59%, a Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin = 0.896, and a significant Bartlett <0.001.

Discussion:

Concerns about moral distress should be beyond acute care settings, and a tool to help clarify critical points in other healthcare contexts may add value to moral distress speech.

Conclusion:

Psychometric results reveal that the Moral Distress Risk Scale can be applied in different healthcare contexts.
Women on Board and its Impact on Performance: Evidence from Microfinance Sector
Authors: Vishwakarma Rachana
Published: June 2017

The board of directors is the most imperative facet of corporate governance for any corporation as it is responsible for approving financial decisions, policy formulation as well as strategic decisions. Consequently, their composition is a solemn issue for the company at all times. Recent years have evidenced a steep amplify in the board diversity by enhancing the representation of women in corporate leadership. Diverse boards with individuals having different background perhaps tends to be more innovative and make better decisions. It could enhance the boards’ functioning, sharpen strength and bring a more diverse perspective. Meanwhile, the participation of women in decision-making is one of the most divergent factors which has been given a push in the form of law with enactment of The Company Act, 2013. Thus, this study mainly illustrates the relevance of women in microfinance and empirically examines the association between participation of women on board and in senior management with the performance of microfinance industry, using a sample of 50 Non-banking Financial Companies–Microfinance Institutions (NBFC–MFIs). It is evident that there is a positive and significant impact of women as board members with the financial performance and of senior management with social performance in context to Indian MFIs. Thus, it is suggested that MFIs should think about the femininity on board and in senior management to improve financial viability and social performance to achieve sustainable growth.
Objective Outcome Evaluation of a Positive Youth Development Program: The Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong
Authors: Ma Cecilia M. S. , Shek Daniel T. L.
Published: June 2017

Objective:

The present study explored the outcomes of a positive youth development (PYD) program entitled “Project P.A.T.H.S.” based on a total of 12,281 Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong.

Method:

To understand the impact of this program, the study assessed the changes in developmental outcomes using a single group pretest and posttest design.

Results:

Findings showed that the participants displayed positive changes in PYD attributes, life satisfaction, and thriving after joining the program regardless of the program content.

Conclusion:

In conjunction with other studies, the study demonstrates the benefits of PYD programs in promoting positive development in Chinese adolescents.
Does Cardiovascular Comorbidity Influence the Prescribing of Bronchodilators in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease?
Authors: Adesanoye Damilola T. , Willey Cynthia J.
Published: June 2017

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most prevalent comorbidity for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Potential adverse cardiovascular events of bronchodilators warrant their cautionary use in the comorbid COPD-CVD population, yet little is known about the prescribing of bronchodilators in this high-risk patient group. Objective: To determine whether comorbid CVD is associated with reduced bronchodilator prescribing in patients with COPD. In addition, we explored how the association was modified by gender, concurrent asthma, and concomitant β-blocker (BB) use. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the 2010 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. All visits among diagnosed COPD patients 40 years and older were examined. Logistic regression on survey-weighted data was used to predict treatment with bronchodilators and determine the influence of gender, asthma, and BBs on bronchodilator prescribing. Results: Among 11 627 061 ambulatory COPD visits, we found a significantly lower bronchodilator treatment rate among patients with comorbid CVD (32.3%) than among patients without CVD (57.6%). The observed effect was modified by gender, asthma, and BBs. Deprescribing was more pronounced for females than males, for nonusers of BBs than users of BBs, and for asthma patients than nonasthma patients. CVD did not affect bronchodilator prescribing in either asthmatic or nonasthmatic males taking BBs. Conclusions: Most COPD patients with concurrent CVD were less likely to be prescribed bronchodilators, with the exception of males who were also prescribed BBs. Thus, this study highlights a specific patient subgroup for whom the guidelines are less likely to be observed.
Fashion, the media and age: How women’s magazines use fashion to negotiate age identities
Authors: Twigg Julia
Published: June 2017

The article explores the role of women’s magazines in the negotiation of later life identities, focussing on the treatment of fashion and dress. It locates the analysis in debates about the changing nature of later years with the emergence of Third Age identities, and the role of consumption in these. Focussed on the treatment of fashion and age, it analyses four UK magazines: three chosen to represent the older market ( Woman & Home, Saga, Yours), and one to represent mainstream fashion ( Vogue). It is based on interviews with four editors and analysis of the content of the magazines. The article analyses the media strategies that journalists use to negotiate tensions in the presentation of fashion for this group and their role in supporting new formations of age. This article forms part of ‘Media and the Ageing Body’ Special Issue.
Subjects in criminality discourse: On the narrative positioning of young defendants
Authors: Dollinger Bernd
Published: June 2017

This essay locates itself in the context of “narrative criminology”. By means of analyses of the categorization work performed by young defendants in interviews, it is reconstructed how they conceptualize themselves interactively as subjects and/or “perpetrators”. This categorization not only performs a location within the, respectively, told story and the interactive situation of the interview; the interviewees also position themselves in cultural criminal discourse. The analysis of corresponding narrations can therefore contribute to understanding the connection of individual and public narratives on criminality. This is described on the basis of three case examples. With a “sad story”, a heroic story and references to individual cases that received particularly great public attention, the interviewees each develop context-specific categorizations and cultural positionings of “their” criminality and biography.
Contingent self-definition and amorphous regions
Authors: Dinnie Keith
Published: June 2017

This article explores the concept of contingent self-definition, whereby place brands employ flexible self-definitional approaches in constructing their place brand architecture. Adopting a view of regions as social constructs, the article builds on and extends previous work on place brand architecture by identifying the underlying factors that drive contingent self-definition decisions. Based on an empirical study of professionals tasked with managing region brands in the Netherlands, 11 factors are identified as drivers of contingent self-definition by place brands. These factors are grouped into four thematic categories: (i) external perceptions, (ii) proximity, (iii) brand relationships, and (iv) politics and power. A dynamic approach to place brand architecture is advocated, foregrounding the amorphous character of regions as social constructs that defy reification solely as fixed territorial-administrative spaces.
Forms of inconspicuous consumption
Authors: Wu Zhiyan , Luo Jifeng , Schroeder Jonathan E. , Borgerson Janet L.
Published: June 2017

Inconspicuous consumption – whereby brand signals are subtle, or not easily visible, to most consumers and the overt display of social status is sidestepped – is on the rise, even in China, which has typically favoured conspicuous brand signalling. Research on luxury brands tends to focus on conspicuous consumption, and few studies have explored the ways in which Chinese consumers use Chinese luxury brands in inconspicuous ways. This study examines how Chinese luxury consumers are redefining their identity projects, as well as their conceptions of luxury, in relation to inconspicuous consumption. We suggest that inconspicuous consumption encompasses consuming luxury products without overtly displaying wealth and social status. Thus, certain luxury brands enable inconspicuous consumption. Turning to a group of Chinese luxury brands offers insights into how luxury brands may fill this role for newly emerging forms of inconspicuous consumption. We distinguish four forms of inconspicuous consumption, illustrated by consumers (1) with wished-for identities or fantasy lifestyles, (2) who appreciate aesthetics and function, (3) who are wealthy and prefer not to provoke envy and/or anger in times of economic austerity and (4) who desire to differentiate themselves and employ subtle signals that are only observable to people with the requisite knowledge to decode their meaning. These forms of inconspicuous consumption facilitate the construction and display of one’s reflective identities, including privately fantasized identity, privately held identity and partially public reflective identities. Thus, we contribute to identity construction theory by explicating aspects of reflective identity and linking them to forms of inconspicuous consumption. Finally, we expand upon recent research on inconspicuous consumption by demonstrating how inconspicuous consumption is manifested in China – the largest luxury market. The results help redefine constructs in the paradoxical situation of inconspicuous consumption of luxury brands, adding a layer of complexity to the inconspicuous consumption concept.
Cold War Ruralism
Authors: Bennett Luke
Published: June 2017

The year 1954 saw the first public detonation of an H-bomb, a weapon whose radioactive fallout challenged the existing spatialized notions of targeting and post attack recovery by making a whole country vulnerable to the vagaries of drifting toxic clouds that drew no distinction between urban centers and rural periphery. In response, the UK government established a network of 1,518 underground nuclear fallout monitoring posts spread uniformly across the country. This article considers how planning for this new reality brought a diffusion of cold war urban anxieties and practices into the UK countryside, but in a way that was awkward and approximate.
Expert perspectives on ethics review of international data-intensive research: Working towards mutual recognition
Authors: Dove Edward S , Garattini Chiara
Published: June 2017

Life sciences research is increasingly international and data-intensive. Researchers work in multi-jurisdictional teams or formally established research consortia to exchange data and conduct research using computation of multiple sources and volumes of data at multiple sites and through multiple pathways. Despite the internationalization and data intensification of research, the same ethics review process as applies to single-site studies in one country tends to apply to multi-site studies in multiple countries. Because of the standard requirement for multi-jurisdictional or multi-site ethics review, international research projects are subjected to multiple ethics reviews of the same research protocol. Consequently, the reviews may be redundant and resource-consuming, whilst the opinions delivered by ethics committees may be inconsistent both within and across jurisdictions. In this article, we present findings based on interviews conducted with international experts in research ethics on the topic of ethics review mutual recognition. We explore the issues associated with ethics committee review of multi-jurisdictional data-intensive research projects, identifying current problems, real-life experiences, and potential solutions that are both bottom-up (via researchers, participants and publics) and top-down (via statutory regulation), as well as challenges in achieving both. On the whole, participants recommended multiple changes to the current ethics review regime for data-intensive international research with the aim of reducing inefficiency and inconsistency. But, the changes recommended differ in terms of degree and scope. In general, participants stressed that key drivers of success in a reformed system should be strong leadership (on the ground and in government) and demonstration of value.
Does instructional video footage improve tackle technique?
Authors: Kerr Hamish A , Ledet Eric H , Ata Ashar , Newitt Jennifer L , Santa Barbara Matthew , Kahanda Milan , Sperry Schlueter Erin
Published: June 2017

There is a high incidence of injury during rugby tackling. Tackle biomechanics are linked to this injury risk. The effectiveness of educational methods in teaching safe rugby tackling for players of various ages and experience levels has not been elucidated. We hypothesized that watching an educational video on rugby tackling technique would alter lower extremity kinematics and reduce cervical spine and head acceleration during tackling. Kinematics and kinetics of 50 collegiate and high school-aged rugby players were recorded while tackling an opponent in a laboratory setting. Movement of the lower extremity, upper body, and head were quantified with a motion analysis system. Participants were shown video instruction on tackling technique then performed another series of tackles. Data were compared pre- and post-educational intervention. A fixed effects model was used to compare the effect of repetition versus educational intervention. Skilled collegiate players tackled with significantly greater mean knee flexion angle post-educational intervention relative to pre-instruction, indicative of better technique. The fixed effects model indicated that video instruction decreased acceleration by a mean 51.8 m/s2 in collegiate players. However, the effect of repetition was shown to increase peak acceleration by a mean 11.2 m/s2. In contrast, the educational intervention resulted in an increased acceleration of 15.4 m/s2 for high school players, but the effect of repetition was shown to decrease acceleration by a mean of 5.2 m/s2. Experienced players respond as expected to video instructional intervention. Repetition may be more important for younger rugby players to learn effective tackling.
‘School, family and then hockey!’ Coaches’ views on dual career in ice hockey
Authors: Ronkainen Noora J , Ryba Tatiana V , Littlewood Martin , Selänne Harri
Published: June 2017

Despite the extensive research into coaches’ roles in supporting athletic development and motivation for sport, few studies have examined coaches’ attitudes and practices towards athletes’ dual careers. The present study extends European research into athletes’ dual careers by examining Finnish ice hockey coaches’ attitudes and practices surrounding players’ education. Ten male coaches aged 27–52 participated in semi-structured interviews. The data were analysed with an existential-narrative theoretical framework and with thematic and structural narrative analysis. Three composite vignettes were created entitled ‘supporting athletic development and players in reaching their own goals’, ‘enjoyment and physically active lifestyle’ and ‘developing good persons’. The analysis revealed that although all coaches embraced the official rhetoric where school is a priority over ice hockey, most of them had few practical examples of how this view had informed their coaching practice. It is concluded that young players may be easily lured into dreams of professionalism, whereas coaches’ dominant narrative of education as a back-up may be ineffective to spark athletes’ interest and engagement with education.
Wellbeing: the challenge of ‘operationalising’ an holistic concept within a reductionist public health programme
Authors: Dooris Mark , Farrier Alan , Froggett Lynn
Published: June 2017

Wellbeing is a concept that, while contested, recognises individual and wider social, economic, political and environmental contextual influences – and is of growing interest and relevance locally and globally. In this article, we report on one aspect of an evaluative research study conducted on a public health programme in North West England.

Aims:

Within the context of a process evaluation that explored the delivery of a public health programme and sought to increase understanding of how and why different approaches worked well or not so well, this article focuses specifically on the concept of wellbeing, examining perceptions of multiple stakeholders.

Methods:

Interviews and focus groups were undertaken with 52 stakeholders involved in managing and facilitating the programme and its composite projects and with 90 community members involved as project participants. Data were subjected to thematic analysis, cross-check and refining.

Results:

Results highlight stakeholders’ diverse understandings of wellbeing, the complex relationship between health and wellbeing, and the perceived dissonance between the holistic concept of wellbeing and the reductionist design of the programme.

Conclusions:

Wellbeing was understood to be ‘more than health’ and ‘more than happiness’, concerned with effective functioning, sense of purpose and flourishing. Essentially holistic, wellbeing offers opportunities to transcend clinical/pathogenic conceptions of ‘health’ and resonate with individuals, communities and local authorities. This raises concerns about how wellbeing can be meaningfully realised without compromising the concept, particularly when programmes are structured in reductionist ways requiring monitoring against discrete outcomes. Implications for practice include the following: utilising wellbeing as a driver for cross-cutting public health in challenging economic and organisational contexts, acknowledging that wellbeing is essentially social as well as individual, appreciating that wellbeing is experienced in relation to contexts and surroundings, and recognising that wellbeing defined in terms of individual happiness risks compromising the future wellbeing of societies and the planet.
Even a Celebrity Journalist Can’t Have an Opinion
Authors: Carr D. Jasun , Bard Mitchell
Published: June 2017

Post-Millennials have exhibited decreasing levels of news usage but increased consumption of news via social media, more pronounced than the changes in older cohorts. These changes raise questions about the role of media skepticism and the recognition and evaluation of journalists and nonjournalist information sources. This study employs an experimental design to examine how media branding influences Post-Millennials’ assessments of credibility, objectivity, and evaluations of the individual and information presented on a Twitter feed. Results demonstrate the continued value and weight of traditional news sources while at the same time providing insight into the limits and boundaries of actors within those systems.
Practical considerations for cangrelor use in patients with acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Leonardi Sergio , Bhatt Deepak L
Published: June 2017

Cangrelor, the first and currently only available intravenous P2Y12 receptor antagonist, has been approved and is now being used in patients with coronary artery disease requiring percutaneous coronary intervention. The rationale for cangrelor use is most robust in patients requiring an immediate, profound, and predictable level of P2Y12 inhibition – especially in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Herein we summarize the drug development program and reflect on practical considerations for clinicians on cangrelor use in the acute setting surrounding percutaneous coronary intervention, including selection of patients, concomitant administration of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors and transition strategies from intravenous to oral P2Y12 receptor antagonists.
Intra-aortic balloon pump protects against hydrostatic pulmonary oedema during peripheral venoarterial-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Bréchot Nicolas , Demondion Pierre , Santi Francesca , Lebreton Guillaume , Pham Tai , Dalakidis Apostolos , Gambotti Laetitia , Luyt Charles-Edouard , Schmidt Matthieu , Hekimian Guillaume , Cluzel Philippe , Chastre Jean , Leprince Pascal , Combes Alain
Published: June 2017

Background:

Increased left ventricular afterload during peripheral venoarterial-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) support frequently causes hydrostatic pulmonary oedema. Because physiological studies demonstrated left ventricular afterload decrease during VA-ECMO assistance combined with the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), we progressively changed our standard practice systematically to associate an IABP with VA-ECMO. This study aimed to evaluate IABP efficacy in preventing pulmonary oedema in VA-ECMO-assisted patients.

Methods:

A retrospective single-centre study.

Results:

Among 259 VA-ECMO patients included, 104 received IABP. Weinberg radiological score-assessed pulmonary oedema was significantly lower in IABP+ than IABP– patients at all times after ECMO implantation. This protection against pulmonary oedema persisted when death and switching to central ECMO were used as competing risks (subhazard ratio 0.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.33–0.75; P<0.001). Multivariable analysis retained IABP as being independently associated with a lower risk of radiological pulmonary oedema (odds ratio (OR) 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.7; P=0.001) and a trend towards lower mortality (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.29–1.01; P=0.06). Finally, the time on ECMO free from mechanical ventilation increased in IABP+ patients (2.2±4.3 vs. 0.7±2.0 days; P=0.0003). Less frequent pulmonary oedema and more days off mechanical ventilation were also confirmed in 126 highly comparable IABP+ and IABP– patients, propensity score matched for receiving an IABP.

Conclusions:

Associating an IABP with peripheral VA-ECMO was independently associated with a lower frequency of hydrostatic pulmonary oedema and more days off mechanical ventilation under ECMO.
Patterned Fluidity of Chinese Ethnic Identity: Networks, Time, and Place
Authors: Zhang Cynthia Baiqing
Published: June 2017

This study tests the salience/prominence of Chinese ethnic identity by applying identity theory, social identity theory, and social network analysis. Using survey data of Chinese graduate students in two universities in the United States, I show how Chinese ethnic identity salience varies with the percentage of Chinese in an individual’s ego network revolving around him or her. In addition, among newcomers to the United States, as the percentage Chinese in ego networks increases, the decline of Chinese identity salience/prominence declines, but for old timers in the United States, as the percentage Chinese increases, the decline of Chinese identity salience/prominence is reversed. The ethnic identity salience lapses with time unless the respondents keep a cohort of co-nationals. Moreover, a cosmopolitan sociocultural environment is conducive to the maintenance of ethnic identity when an individual has many co-nationals in his or her ego network while having many co-nationals does not stop the decline of ethnic salience in an isolated social environment.