bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Financial Stability of Islamic Insurance Companies Listed on Indonesia Financial Services Authority
Authors: Hendra Grandis Imama
Published: January 2022

Islamic insurance is an Islamic financial service that guarantees a participant's life, health, education, asset, and business. Some of them experienced a decline in their financial stability. This study aims to analyze the determinants of financial stability of Islamic insurance companies registered at the Indonesian Financial Services Authority (OJK) from 2014 to 2018. Thirty-eight data observations were acquired from eight full-fledged Islamic insurance businesses' financial reporting, analyzed using panel data regression. The dependent variable is financial stability, whilst investment, capital structure, insurance premiums, independent board of commissioners, sharia supervisory board, board of directors, and institutional ownership are the independent variables. The results show that financial stability is significantly affected by investment, insurance premiums, independent boards, and institutional ownership. The capital structure, sharia supervisory board, and board of directors do not affect the financial stability. Increasing the number of participant contributions and strategic investments should be a concern of Islamic insurance managers. The role of an independent board and Institutional owners supervisory could strengthen the financial stability of Islamic Insurance. Research on Financial stability is supporting the development of Islamic insurance companies.==================================================================================================== ABSTRAK – Determinan Stabilitas Keuangan Perusahaan Asuransi Syariah yang Terdaftar pada Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. Asuransi syariah adalah salah satu jasa keuangan Syariah untuk menjamin jiwa, kesehatan, pendidikan, aset dan bisnis. Beberapa perusahaan tersebut mengalami penurunan stabilitas keuangannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis determinan stabilitas keuangan perusahaan asuransi syariah yang terdaftar pada Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK). Sebanyak 38 observasi diperoleh dari laporan keuangan 8 perusahaan asuransi syariah periode 2014-2018. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan regresi data panel. Variabel yang dipilih dalam penelitian ini adalah stabilitas keuangan sebagai variabel dependen, investasi, struktur modal, premi asuransi, dewan komisaris independen, dewan pengawas syariah, dewan direksi dan kepemilikan saham institusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel investasi, premi asuransi, dewan komisaris independen dan kepemilikan saham institusi berpengaruh terhadap stabilitas keuangan perusahaan asuransi. Variabel struktur modal, dewan pengawas syariah dan dewan direksi tidak berpengaruh terhadap stabilitas keuangan. Peningkatan jumlah iuran peserta dan investasi strategis harus menjadi perhatian pengelola asuransi syariah. peran dewan independen dan pengawasan pemilik institusi dapat memperkuat stabilitas keuangan asuransi syariah. Penelitian stabilitas keuangan pada perusahaan asuransi memberikan dukungan terhadap pengembangan perusahaan asuransi syariah.
What Determines the Financial Performance of Islamic Banks in Indonesia?
Authors: Kismawadi Early Ridho , Hamid Abdul , Rasydah Rasydah , Rafida Aigatama
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non-Performing Financing (NPF), and Operational Efficiency Ratio (OER) at Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia for the 2010-2019 period. The test was carried out using panel data regression with the Random Effect Model (REM) model, tested using the t-test and f test with a significance of 5%. Based on the results of the t-test, partially, OER has a negative and significant effect on Return on Assets (ROA), whilst NPF and CAR do not significantly affect ROA. Moreover, the results of the F-test show that CAR, NPF, and OER simultaneously affect ROA. The results of this study indicate that to maximize the financial performance of Islamic banking in Indonesia, the Islamic banks must pay attention to the OER variable.==========================================================================================================ABSTRACT - Determinan Apa yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Keuangan Bank Syariah di Indonesia? Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non-Performing Financing (NPF), dan Beban Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO) pada Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia periode 2010-2019. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan regresi data panel dengan model Random Effect Model (REM) yang pengujiannya menggunakan uji t dan uji f dengan signifikansi yaitu 5%. Berdasarkan hasil uji t, secara parsial BOPO berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap Return on Asset (ROA), sedangkan variabel NPF dan CAR tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap ROA. Selanjutnya, hasil uji F menunjukkan bahwa CAR, NPF, dan BOPO secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap ROA. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi kepada Bank Syariah di Indonesia agar memberikan perhatian yang lebih serius terhadap variabel BOPO jika ingin memaksimalkan kinerja keuangannya..
The Relevance of Islamic Economics and Finance Fundamentals to the Contemporary Economy: Islamic Economist Perceptions
Authors: Soemitra Andri
Published: January 2022

There have been some studies related to the fundamental values of Islamic economics and finance. However, not many studies directly examine the relevance of the fundamental values of Islamic economics and finance to the modern contemporary economy. This study intends to examine the perception of Islamic economists on the relevance of the fundamental values of Islamic economics and finance to the contemporary economy. This research was conducted with a qualitative design by conducting a structured survey and in-depth interviews with 61 participants. Data analysis used in this research is collected from surveys and interviews from several sources and analyzed by qualitative descriptive method. The findings show that the Islamic economists perceived that the Islamic economics and finance fundamental values are relevant to contemporary modern economic conditions. The values are also considered better in overcoming economic and financial problems, thus achieving Islamic goals of public prosperity. The results also reveal the need for more vigorous efforts in promoting Islamic economics and finance fundamental values.==========================================================================================================ABSTRAK – Relevansi Fondasi Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam dengan Ekonomi Kontemporer: Persepsi Ekonom Islam. Kajian-kajian terkait dengan nilai-nilai dasar ekonomi dan keuangan Islam telah banyak dijumpai dalam literatur. Namun, tidak banyak penelitian yang secara langsung mengkaji relevansi nilai-nilai fundamental ekonomi dan keuangan Islam dalam tataran ekonomi kontemporer. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji persepsi ekonom Islam terhadap relevansi aspek fundamental ekonomi dan keuangan Islam dalam terhadap ekonomi kontemporer. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif dimana data-data didapat dengan cara survei terstruktur dan wawancara mendalam dengan 61 peserta. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa para ekonom Islam menganggap bahwa nilai-nilai fundamental ekonomi dan keuangan Islam relevan dengan kondisi ekonomi kontemporer. Nilai-nilai tersebut juga dianggap lebih baik dalam mengatasi masalah ekonomi dan keuangan kontemporer, sehingga mencapai tujuan syariah untuk kesejahteraan umat. Hasil kajian juga mengungkapkan tentang pentingnya upaya yang lebih gencar dalam mempromosikan nilai-nilai fundamental ekonomi dan keuangan Islam.
Serum deprivation enhanced ethanol-induced toxic responses in A549, lung carcinoma cells
Authors:   CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow-226 001, India, Khare P. , Singh V.K. ,   Food Toxicology Division, Food, Drug, and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow-226 001, India, Bala L. ,   Department of Biochemistry, BBD College of Dental Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow-226 028, India
Published: January 2022

Aim: The current study explores the toxic consequences of ethanol on human lung carcinoma cell, A549 in serum-deprived condition. Methodology: Human lung carcinoma cells, A549, were cultured in complete and serum-deprived medium for 6 hr. Subsequently, they were exposed to 50 mM and 100 mM concentrations of ethanol. Cytotoxicity studies linked with cell viability, oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest and micronuclei formation were performed using various toxicological parameters, namely MTT assay, DCFDA based ROS generation, cell cycle analysis and micronuclei formation assay. The cytotoxicity of ethanol in complete and serum deprived medium were compared at similar doses and time duration. Results: The metabolic viability assay demonstrated that 50 mM and 100 mM concentration of ethanol did not induce significant levels of cytotoxic alteration in A549 lung carcinoma cells in complete medium. However, in serum-deprived conditions, 50 mM and 100 mM ethanol concentration significantly altered cell viability. Further, exposure of 50 mM and 100 mM concentration of ethanol enhanced reactive oxygen species levels in A549 cells more significantly in serum-deprived conditions than in complete medium. In addition to cytotoxicity and oxidative stress, 50 mM and 100 mM ethanol also arrested the cells at G0 phase more significantly in serum deprived conditions compared to complete medium. Interpretation: Both 50 mM and 100 mM ethanol concentration enhanced the cell cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species, cell cycle arrest and micronuclei formation more severely in serum-deprived medium than in complete medium (containing 10% FBS) under similar treatment conditions.
Feasibility study on hexacopter UAV based sprayer for application of environment-friendly biopesticide in guava orchard
Authors:   Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004, India, Verma A. , Singh M. ,   Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004, India, Parmar R.P. ,   Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004, India, Bhullar K.S. ,   School of Organic Farming, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004, India
Published: January 2022

Aim: To study the feasibility of hexacopter UAV based sprayer for application of environment-friendly biopesticide in guava orchard. Methodology: Field experiments were conducted in Punjab (India) during 2020. UAV was evaluated for spraying environment-friendly bio-pesticidein guava orchard. UAV was operated at 2.0 m height above the tree top.The water and oil sensitive papers were fixed on the outer side as well as inside of selected guava trees at four different canopies. Organic neem seed kernel based azadirachtin 0.15% EC biopesticide was used at recommended dose. After spraying, all water and oil sensitive papers were collected for further laboratory analysis. All spray quality parameters, i.e., coverage (%), droplet density (droplets cm-2), droplet size (µm) and uniformity coefficient were determined. For the efficacy of drone sprayer insects were counted before and 1, 2, 7 days after spray (DAS) and reduction in number of insects was calculated. Results: The on-flight field capacity of spraying with UAV was 3.0-3.3 ha h-1 whereas actual field capacity was found to be 2.0-2.3 ha h-1. The total mean coverage area was found in the range of 2.67-10.67%. The maximum coverage was at the top canopy (inner and outer) of tree which was significantly higher than all other observation points on the canopy. The mean droplet density was found in the range of 14.67-28.33 droplets cm-2. The highest droplet density (28.33 droplets cm-2) was found at the top outer side of the tree canopy. The volume median diameter was found in the range of 208.0-418.3 µm whereas, number median diameter was in the range of 138 to 269 µm. The percent reduction in aphid population 1, 2 and 7 days after spray (DAS) was 38.06, 68.28 and 62.69%, respectively whereas it was 47.95, 78.69 and 70.90% with knapsack sprayer. Interpretation: Hexacopter UAV sprayer is effective in terms of quality of spray and effective control of aphid population.
Description of a new species of queenfish, Scomberoides pelagicus from Indian seas
Authors:   ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682 018, India, Abdussamad E.M. , Gopalakrishnan A. ,   ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682 018, India, Mini K.G. ,   ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682 018, India, Sukumaran S. ,   ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682 018, India, Divya P.R. ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Kochi-682 018, India, Retheesh T.B. ,   ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682 018, India, Muhammed A.A. ,   ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682 018, India, Dipti N.V. ,   ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682 018, India, Akhil A.R. ,   ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682 018, India, Thomas T. ,   ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682 018, India, Jacob K.D. ,   ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682 018, India
Published: January 2022

Aim: The study was carried out to ascertain whether morphotype of Scomberoides commersonnianus (Talang queenfish) existing along the Indian coast is a new species or not. Methodology: Talang queenfish and the morphotype were tested for their uniqueness using systematic and molecular tools. The morphometric and meristic details including otolith morphometry were analysed and compared for taxonomic divergence and Cytochrome Oxidase I and Cytochrome b gene sequences for quantifying genetic divergences. Results: The systematic analysis indicated significant morphometric differences between both. The otolith morphometry and phylogeny also confirmed the divergence between them, and qualified the morphotype as an independent species status and named Scomberoides pelagicus sp. nov. Interpretation: The new species is distinct by deep ovate body, concave dorsal head profile, anal fin origin anterior to second dorsal fin and pelvic to pectoral fin, helical arrangement of body scale and stout and less numerous gill rakers on the first gill arch. The phylogeny as on Cytochrome b and Cytochrome Oxidase 1 sequences are very distinct, with 11.2% and 2.0% divergence respectively. Their known distributional range are peninsular region of Indian coast, Malaysian region of the South China Sea and Manila Bay, Philippines.
Seasonal variation in population and biochemical contents of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)
Authors:   Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, India, Narayana S. , Chander S. ,   ICAR-National Research Centre for Integrated Pest Management, IARI, New Delhi-110 012, India, Doddachowdappa S. ,   Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, India, Sabtharishi S. ,   Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, India, Divekar P. ,   Division of crop protection, ICAR-Indian Institute Vegetable Research, Varanasi-221 305, India
Published: January 2022

Aim: The present study was undertaken on population dynamics and estimation of protein, water-soluble carbohydrates and glycogen contents in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens to explore their migratory behaviour. Methodology: Brown planthopper populations were monitored and collected using sweep nets from 23rd standard meteorological week (SMW) to 47th SMW during 2017 and 2018 rainy seasons to understand population dynamics of the pest. The protein, water-soluble carbohydrates and glycogen contents were estimated from the pest samples collected during 36th to 44th SMW in 2017 and 2018 rainy seasons. Results: Brown planthopper population were not observed in rice farm during 23rd SMW to 28th SMW during two years of study. However, macropterous form of the pest first appeared in the farm during 29th SMW and peaked during 43rd SMW. Thereafter, population declined and disappeared after 47th SMW during both the years. Water-soluble carbohydrates and glycogen contents varied significantly different weeks which remained low during 36th-39th SMW, however, increased gradually towards the end of the rainy season 2017 and 2018. On the other hand, protein content significantly varied among different weeks unlike the trend of water-soluble carbohydrates and glycogen. Interpretation: The study revealed the absence of brown plant hopper during summer season preceding rainy season, and the accumulation of bio-chemical compounds towards the end of rainy season under Delhi environment is perhaps suggestive of migration of the pest from unknown areas during rainy season to Delhi and likely preparedness of the pest for emigration to safer areas from Delhi, respectively.
Caracterización y tipificación de los sistemas de producción de Gulupa (Passiflora edulis f. edulis Sims) en las regiones Norte y Centro - Occidente de Tolima
Authors: Rodriguez Polanco Eleonora , Bermeo Fúquene Paula , Segura-Amaya José , Parra-Alferes Edinson
Published: January 2022

Contextualización: La gulupa es una de las frutas exóticas con mayor demanda en el mercado internacional y es el tercer fruto que más exporta el país. El departamento de Tolima incrementó el área de cultivos de gulupa en un 61 %, del 2015 al 2019, lo que indica la progresiva importancia económica del cultivo en el departamento.
Vacío de conocimiento: A pesar de lo anterior, no se evidencian estudios de caracterización y/o tipificación de los productores, lo que limita una adecuada orientación de las políticas públicas de inversión, investigación y transferencia de tecnología. En consideración con esta situación, este estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar y tipificar los sistemas de producción de gulupa, teniendo en cuenta los aspectos productivos, tecnológicos y sanitarios vinculados al cultivo en los principales municipios productores de las regiones norte y centro - occidente del departamento de Tolima.
Metodología: Con este propósito se diseñó y aplicó una encuesta estructurada para la captura de la información. La caracterización de los productores se realizó mediante análisis multivariado empleando análisis de correspondencia múltiple (ACM). La agrupación se llevó a cabo a través de análisis clúster, utilizando la distancia euclidiana y el método de Ward.  
Resultados y conclusiones: En general, los resultados revelaron un nivel tecnológico bajo-alto asociado a la producción de gulupa en el departamento. Se identificaron dos grupos de productores. El Grupo I (GI) agrupó los productores ubicados principalmente en Cajamarca y Casabianca con un nivel tecnológico alto y con empleo de buenas prácticas agrícolas (BPA),  el Grupo II (GII) agrupó a los productores ubicados principalmente en Santa Isabel y Rovira con un nivel tecnológico bajo y uso deficiente de BPA. El empleo de sistema de riego y cubierta plástica fueron identificadas como las practicas tecnológicas asociadas al grado de tecnificación del cultivo de gulupa en el Tolima. Los niveles de incidencia de la marchitez vascular (Fusarium oxysporum) alcanzaron valores entre el 4 al 59 % en los principales municipios productores, constituyéndose así en una potencial limitante sanitaria para la sostenibilidad en el tiempo del agronegocio de gulupa en el departamento.
Land-cover change in the department of Vichada, Colombia, from 1985 to 2017
Authors: Vitar Juan , Sandoval Parra Karen X. , Ortiz Moreno Martha L.
Published: January 2022

Contextualization: Colombia has experienced multiple land-cover changes derived from socio-economic policies that have reduced the high biodiversity of the country. 
Knowledge gap: In the Orinoquía region, the pressure to expand the agricultural frontier is increasing, without considering the importance of its natural resources. 
Purpose: This paper aimed to analyze the land-cover variations associated with agricultural practices, in the department of Vichada, with a special interest in vulnerable ecosystems, such as the Bita’s river basin, using Geographic Information System [GIS] analysis of historical images taken by a remote sensor from the United States Geological Service [USGS] Earth Explorer portal. 
Methodology:  Documental review and an analysis of satellite images from 1985 to 2017. 
Results and conclusions: The results showed that in Vichada, during a 32-year period, there was a transition from forest to cropland and pastures, in which 60% of the forest cover got lost. Moreover, areas of natural savannas were also replaced with pastures for livestock production. These land-cover changes were associated with government policies that fomented illegal occupation of land, monocultures, and non-native plantation forests. Bita’s river basin also lost a significant part of forest cover because of agribusiness development in the municipality of Puerto Carreño (Vichada). These land-cover changes have an impact on the ecological integrity of significant ecosystems and in their functionality in the region, that is why, conservation measures must be implemented.
Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis of Gougerot-Carteaud in a North African patient
Authors: Elinkichari Dorsaf , Jaber Kahena , Rabhi Faten , Dhaoui Raouf
Published: January 2022

Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis (CRP) is a rare skin condition
of uncertain etiology. The anti-bacterial and most importantly the
anti-inflammatory mechanisms of some antibiotics seem to explain the
effectiveness of these medications. Other measures such as reducing
weight and treating an underlying endocrine disorder may be helpful.
Composite Observer-Based Adaptive Dynamic Surface Control for Fractional-Order Nonlinear Systems with Input Saturation
Authors: Zhiye Bai , Shenggang Li , Heng Liu
Published: January 2022

This article proposes an adaptive neural output feedback control scheme
in combination with state and disturbance observers for uncertain
fractional-order nonlinear systems containing unknown external
disturbance, input saturation and immeasurable state. The radial basis
function neural network (RBFNN) approximation is used to estimate
unknown nonlinear function, and a state observer as well as a
fractional-order disturbance observer is developed simultaneously by
using the approximation output of the RBFNN to estimate immeasurable
states and unknown compounded disturbances, respectively. Then, a
fractional-order auxiliary system is constructed to compensate the
effects caused by the saturated input. In addition, by introducing a
dynamic surface control strategy, the tedious analytic computation of
time derivatives of virtual control laws in the conventional
backstepping method is avoided. The proposed method guarantees that the
boundness of all signals in the closed loop system and the tracking
errors converge to a small neighbourhood around the origin. Finally, two
examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed
control method.
The Use of Discriminatory Models to Verify the Likelihood of Continued Activities for Enterprises : Case Study on Select Enterprises from the Automotive Industry
Authors: Lichota Wojciech
Published: January 2022

The main aim of this article is to assess the use of discriminatory models to verify the likelihood that an enterprise's activities will continue, using a sample of enterprises from the automotive industry as a case study. The suitability of 10 models will be verified by a three-point credit assessment method. As seen in the research results, discriminatory models can be used to verify an enterprise's likelihood of continuing its activity. Taking into account the received values for discriminatory functions and banking methods over four years, a convergence of indications was demonstrated. In the vast majority of cases, the increase or decrease in the value of the functions was reflected in a corresponding change in the value of banking methods. Based on the conducted research, it should be stated that the most characteristic variables influencing the values of the discriminant function in the automotive industry concerned debt and profitability. (original abstract)
Impediments to Blockchain Adoption
Authors: Appelbaum Deniz , Cohen Eric , Kinory Ethan , Stein Smith Sean
Published: January 2022

Satoshi Nakamoto (2008) published a seminal paper on a promising digital currency application and proposed a distributed ledger technology (DLT) to support it. Shortly thereafter, in 2009, bitcoin and the customized DLT that supports it were established. Although the DLT described by Nakamoto (2008), which packages data into blocks that are then cryptographically chained together (i.e., “block chain,” or “blockchain”), possesses features that are desirable for some business applications and/or their auditors, over a dozen years later there is not yet a widescale adoption of blockchain for business operations. This paper explores functionality, data and process integrity, and regulatory concerns as potential explanations for the lag in mainstream business and accounting adoption. We also contextualize some of the concerns that are likely to have delayed blockchain implementation by providing a framework of questions directed at both researchers and practitioners.
Benign Laryngeal Lesions
Authors: Straub Jeffrey , Kim Brandon
Published: January 2022

Benign laryngeal lesions represent a diverse set of pathologies whose clinical presentation may range from no symptoms to dyspnea and/or dysphonia. Flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy and videolaryngostroboscopy are important in distinguishingdifferent types of lesions, and management and treatment are dependent on the identification of these lesions, as they have different etiologies. Some lesions such as vocal fold nodules and polyps are primarily phonotraumatic and may benefit fromspeech therapy and vocal hygiene as initial approaches. Vocal fold cysts and benign tumors may benefit from microlaryngeal approaches, while capillary ectasias, polypoid corditis, laryngoceles, saccular cysts, and papilloma may benefit from laser therapy. Vocal fold granulomas may arise from various etiologies such as intubation, traumatic behaviors, or reflux. Polypoid corditis arises from smoking. This review is intended to provide an overview of the variety of lesions that encompass non-malignant laryngeal lesions that is both suitable for junior and senior residents.

This review contains 12 figures, 5 tables, and 64 references
Keywords: Benign laryngeal lesions, Laryngocele, Polyp, Cyst, Polypoid Corditis, Papilloma
Characteristics of the Gut Microbiota and Metabolism in Patients With Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Fang Yuanyuan , Zhang Chenhong , Shi Hongcai , Wei Wei , Shang Jing , Zheng Ruizhi , Yu Lu , Wang Pingping , Yang Junpeng , Deng Xinru , Zhang Yun , Tang Shasha , Shi Xiaoyang , Liu Yalei , Yang Huihui , Yuan Qian , Zhai Rui , Yuan Huijuan
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE

Type
1 and type 2 diabetes are associated with gut dysbiosis. However, the
relationship between the gut microbiota and latent autoimmune diabetes in
adults (LADA), sharing clinical and metabolic features
with classic type 1 and type 2 diabetes, remains unclear. Here, we identified the
characteristics of the gut microbiota and metabolic profiles in patients with LADA
using a multi-omics approach.

RESEARCH
DESIGN AND METHODS

This
age- and sex-matched case-control study included 30 patients with LADA, 31
patients with classic type 1 diabetes, 30 patients with type 2 diabetes, and 29
healthy individuals. The gut microbiota profiles were identified via the 16S
rRNA gene, and fecal and serum metabolites were measured via untargeted liquid chromatography-mass
spectrometry.

RESULTS

LADA
patients had a significantly different structure and composition of the gut
microbiota and their metabolites as well as a severe deficiency of short-chain
fatty acid-producing bacteria. The gut microbiota structure of the LADA patients
was more similar to that of patients with type 1 diabetes who were positive for
GAD antibody. We identified seven serum metabolite modules and eight fecal
metabolite modules that differed between the LADA group and the other groups.

CONCLUSIONS

The characteristic gut microbiota and related metabolites
of patients with LADA are associated with autoantibodies, glucose metabolism,
islet function, and inflammatory factors, which may contribute to the pathogenesis
of LADA. Future longitudinal studies should
explore whether modulating the gut microbiota and related metabolites can alter
the natural course of autoimmune diabetes, in the quest for new therapeutic.
Tailoring alloy 718 laser directed energy deposition process strategies for repair applications
Authors: Jamieson Cory D. , Brennan Marissa C. , Spurgeon Todd J. , Brown Stephen W. , Keist Jayme S. , Reutzel Edward W.
Published: January 2022

Laser-based directed energy deposition (LDED) for repair and sustainment has become a viable alternative to replace or complement traditional repair applications. Many a time, thin-walled structures cannot be repaired because of the heat intensive repair operations, which lead to excessive distortion or degradation of the parent material. To overcome repair challenges related to thin-walled structures, a low-energy process strategy with powder feedstock has been developed to reduce the heat-affected zone, reduce distortion, and produce a microstructure yielding higher microhardness values. On the other side of the repair spectrum, much larger surfaces may also need attention. In this case, a high-deposition rate process strategy may be more suitable to reduce lead-time and cost. To accommodate larger repairs, a high-deposition rate process strategy using wire feedstock has been developed. The high-deposition rate strategy is shown to be more cost-effective provided the target application and part geometry can accommodate the high-energy process. Validating these LDED repair strategies has been accomplished by analyzing the resulting distortion, presence of flaws or defects, microhardness, microstructure, and tensile properties. The process control offered by LDED through the ability to tailor the process-structure-property relationships of a material system depending on component geometry and application has put a new tool in place addressing many concerns related to traditional arc-based repair processes.
Experimental methods to study clay minerals and perspective applications of Fluorohectorite
Authors: Michels-Brito P.H. , Michels L. , Hunvik K.W.B. , dos Santos E.C. , Pacakova B. , Cavalcanti L.P. , Knudsen K.D. , Bordallo H.N. , Fossum O.
Published: January 2022

Fluorohectorite is a synthetic 2:1 layer smectite clay where the presence of exchangeable cations located between water molecules in the interlayer space allows for expansion of the crystal lattice. This swelling property is extremely relevant to many applications including water treatment, bioactive molecules intercalation (drug delivery), soil remediation, CO2capture as well as extra-terrestrial environment studies. In the present chapter, the aim is to discuss why Fluorohectorite can be in particular advantageous for many applications where retention of big volumes is an issue. We will also discuss on the main experimental techniques used to study these materials.
Framework structure crystalline materials and Rigid Unit Modes (RUMs). Introducing the new concept of MLRUMs and skeletions Authors
Authors: Smirnov M. , Saint-Gregoire P.
Published: January 2022

This article reviews Framework Structures (FWSs), defined as crystalline materials built of rigid AXn polyhedra sharing vertices (like perovskites, tungsten bronzes, Dion-Jacobson, Ruddlesden-Popper, and Aurivillius phases, quartz, silicates, and others), and their pecularities resulting from this linkage. The situation of rigid units linked by common vertices may allow the units to accomplish concordant rotations without deformation, which gives rise to soft phonon modes called “Rigid Unit Modes” (RUMs). The condensation of a RUM can trigger structural phase transitions to a structure of lower symmetry, with tilted polyhedra, at the origin of spontaneous ferroic or multiferroic properties. We overview results precedently obtained on RUMs in perovskites, tetragonal tungsten bronzes, and quartz, and detail new results on “maximally localized RUMs” (MLRUMs), a fundamental new concept in the physics of RUMs. We introduce also the related new concept of “skeletions” that allows to generate all ferroelastic phases found in these systems, and generalizes the Glazer's tilt-system approach.
Phonons and relaxations in unfilled tetragonal tungsten-bronzes
Authors: Buixaderas E. , Dec J.
Published: January 2022

The lead-free unfilled tetragonal tungsten-bronzes SBN and CBN are investigated by Raman, infrared and high-frequency dielectric spectroscopies. The substitution in the different channels affects phonons as well as relaxations. Relaxations in SBN show similar qualitative behaviour on increasing Sr content and relaxor behaviour, but for the extreme relaxor samples all characteristic frequencies are higher with stronger contribution to the permittivity in the GHz-THz range is stronger. The presence of a soft anharmonic central mode in the THz range together with the slowing down of a relaxation from GHz to MHz ranges reveals the coexistence of displacive and order-disorder scenarios for the ferroelectric phase transition in this family.
Artificial laminar oxide multiferroic magnetoelectric thin film structures - Elaboration methods and study by synchrotron radiation techniques
Authors: Mocuta C. , Ohresser P. , Barbier A.
Published: January 2022

Nanometric laminar two-dimensional artificial multiferroic oxide thin films can be elaborated using spinel ferrites and perovskite ferroelectrics like CoFe2O4 and BaTiO3. Such materials can retain their individual ferromagnetic or ferroelectric properties. In the thin epitaxial film regime a cross coupling of these properties is possible thanks to strain engineering. After introducing the concepts supporting artificial multiferroic laminar structures, the growth of strained BaTiO3 thin films and the growth of subsequent Co-ferrites layers will be detailed. With respect to the relative film thickness, a detailed understanding of the elastic behavior of these films will be proposed based on the characterization using several synchrotron radiation techniques including x-ray specular and off-specular diffraction, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, as well as x-ray magnetic circular dichroism.
The intricate lattice dynamics of perovskite oxides
Authors: Bussmann-Holder A. , Ko J.H. , Roleder K.
Published: January 2022

The lattice dynamics of perovskite oxides are investigated theoretically within the polarizability model which is a nonlinear approach taking into account anharmonic electron-lattice interactions. The emphasis is on local lattice anomalies which appear in the phonon modes dispersion. Above the actual phase transition temperature finite size polarized clusters appear at an onset temperature TBH which marks the precursor formation temperature. These local anomalies appear as well experimentally and are reviewed for various perovskite compounds.
Properties of Na 0.5Bi0.5TiO3 and Na0.5Bi0.5 TiO3-based single crystals
Authors: Suchanicz J. , Kluczewska-Chmielarz K. , Czaja P. , Nowakowska-Malczyk M. , Was M. , Kruzina T.V.
Published: January 2022

Most studies of ferroelectric materials were focused on polycrystalline ceramics. However, it is difficult to improve their properties significantly (particularly piezoelectric one) due to grain/grain boundaries, compositional homogeneity, isotropic characteristics, and structural defects. It is commonly accepted that single crystals often have better piezoelectric behavior and less structural defects than ceramics. In this paper, we provide the processing technology and properties of lead-free Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 and Na0.5Bi0.5TiO 3-based single crystals. #FERROELECTRICS #NBT_SINGLE_CRYSTALS #FLUX_METHOD #CZOCHRALSKI_METHOD #DIELECTRIC_PROPERTIES
«… for eg skal ha eit godt lag»: Friluftslivslærarar si organisering av klassen på tur
Authors: Tronstad Inger Margrethe , Lyngstad Idar Kristian
Published: January 2022

Denne artikkelen viser resultat frå ein kvalitativ studie om kva friluftslivslærarar er opptekne av og seier dei gjer, når dei organiserer klassen på friluftslivstur. Studien er gjort i norske vidaregåande skolar og folkehøgskolar, i klassar som har friluftsliv som sitt hovudfag. Data er innhenta gjennom semistrukturerte intervju med 18 friluftslivslærarar. Dataanalysen er gjort innanfor vitskaps- og kunnskapsteoretiske rammer som Alvesson & Sköldberg (2017) og Kvale og Brinkmann (2015) skildrar for hermeneutisk analyse av intervjudata. Resultata viser at lærarane er opptekne av og brukar symbol, ritual og system for teltlag, turleiarskap, forflytting, tid, klokke og mobil. Dei gjer avklaringar med elevane og er opptekne av dialog og god samtale med alle elevane i klassane. Den gode samtalen er gjennomgåande i praksisen. Analysen viser også at lærarar bruker konfliktperiodar til å betre klassemiljøet. Analysen får fram organisatoriske nøklar for at fellesskapet skal fungere i klassen og for at elevane skal nå faglege og sosiale mål i friluftsliv. Analysen viser at organisering er eit teknisk-pedagogisk, men samtidig verdilada omgrep, noko som blir drøfta i studien.
A Child has a Right to Blood Transfusion Services in Nigeria, despite the Religious Status of the Parents or Guardians
Authors: M Obeta Uchejeso
Published: January 2022

Red blood cell transfusion is an important and frequent component of neonatal intensive care. Whereas blood and blood products transfusion can help a patient (child) recover from a serious illness, surgery or injury, because of the religious beliefs of some parents or guardians, a child may be denied the benefit of this life-saving service. Several legal statutes and precedents exist to protect the rights of children in need of life-saving blood transfusions where denied this opportunity to be transfused and survive. The awareness of these extant laws and statutes are critical for the empowerment of healthcare providers in the performance of their role within the provisions of the law and medical ethics.
Sustainable Development and Health: The Regulation of Nanomaterials in Brazil
Authors: Figueiredo Ailene de Oliveira
Published: January 2022

This article aims to correlate nanoelement technologies and legal regulation in the use and disposal of such materials. With the purpose of supporting a critical reflection on the economic development model, added by the arguments derived from the area of Research, Development and Innovation (PD&I), the precautionary principle is a beacon of corporate management and sustainability instruments for the protection of the environment and human health. Through the qualitative approach, bibliographic procedures were adopted, with a survey of theoretical references published by electronic and documentary forms. As a result, the persistent lack of regulation was found, emphasizing the need for business management tools, which are being carried out through standard technical standards, in the guise of no regulations. Opening legal and technical loopholes for improper application of nanomaterials that may have harmful impact on human health or the environment.
Covid Vaccine and Certificate: Opened or Closed Debate?
Authors: Suarez Francisco Medina
Published: January 2022

This article aims to show the basic aspects and legal guidelines over the debate of Covid vaccine and certificate adding some relevant information from vaccine control agency and expert opinions. The reason of this approach steeps in the closed position of many citizens including public institutions, information media, social media, etc. in the world over the need to get vaccine and to marginalize people with opposite position. For that reason this manuscript proposes to make a modest and succinct exposition over the situation to understand both views. All it without being able to address the abundant legal, medical, etc... Information on this matter that would force to elaborate an article of equidistant dimensions to the present manuscript.
Aflatoxigenic Contamination of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Seed and its Management Using Seed Extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. and Rhizome of Zingiber officinale Rosc. in Katsina State, Nigeria
Authors: Gwa Victor
Published: January 2022

Studies on aflatoxin seed contamination of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) in storage and its management using seed extract of Moringa oleifera and rhizome of Zingiber officinale was carried out on diseased seeds collected from Dutsin-Ma, Kurfi and Safana Local Government Areas of Katsina State, Nigeria between March and July, 2019. Aspergilus niger, A. flavus, A. ochraceus, A. tamari, A. parasitica, Rhizotonia spp, mucor spp and F. oxysporum were isolated. A. niger was the most frequently occurring pathogen in all the locations in March, 2019 with a range of 9 in Kurfi to 13 Dutsin-Ma and between 14 in Kurfi and 22 in Dutsin-Ma in July while the least was Mucor with a range of 3 in Dutsin-Ma and 6 in Kurfi both in July. Pathogenicity test conducted illicit rot in the healthy groundnut seeds. A. niger and A. flavus which were the most virulent pathogenic fungi responsible for aflatoxin contamination in groundnut seeds were controlled with the two extracts. Z. officinale was found to be more effective in the control of A. niger than M. oleifera at 40 g/L with inhibition of 60.32 % and at 120 g/L with inhibition of 87.33 % compared to M. oleifera which inhibited A. niger mycelial at 40 g/L by 59.79 % and at 120 g/L by 73.53 %. M. oleifera however, proved more efficacious in the management of A. flavus than Z. oficinale at 40 g/L and 80 g/L with percentage growth inhibition of 60.79 % and 62.47 %, respectively compared to a lower inhibition of 60.52 % and 60.94 % at 40 g/L and 80 g/L of Z. officinale, respectively. In both cases, the two extracts proved more effective on A. niger than A. flavus. It is therefore, recommended that extracts of Z. officinale and M. oleifera at different concentrations can be used to effectively manage rot pathogens of groundnut seeds in storage by farmers.
Highlights on the Golden Mushroom Cantharellus cibarius and unique Shaggy ink cap Mushroom Coprinus comatus and Smoky Bracket Mushroom Bjerkandera adusta Ecology and Biological Activities
Authors: Elkhateeb Waill A
Published: January 2022

Mushrooms are generous source of nutritional and medicinal compounds, and medicinal uses of the mushrooms still need to be worked out for their biological activities. This review aims to put golden mushroom Cantharellus and shaggy ink cap mushroom Coprinus and smoky bracket mushroom Bjerkandera under light spot through describing their morphology and ecology especially of the most common species, Cantharellus cibarius; Coprinus comatus and Bjerkandera adusta. Moreover discussing important secondary metabolites and biological activities exerted by ever one. Cantharellus cibarius; Coprinus comatus and Bjerkandera adusta are able to produce many novel and potent secondary metabolites that exerted different bioactivities especially as antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammation activities and others. Further studies and investigations are fortified in order to find more about these interesting mushrooms.
Dengue and SARS-CoV-2 Co-Circulation Early Warning according to Climate Variations in Cuba
Authors: Vega Yazenia Linares
Published: January 2022

Dengue and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromes Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) co-circulation is a reality resulting to be more dangerous in regions that are endemic for arboviruses. Circulation of both viruses continue spreading, mainly in tropical settings causing a high impact on the health systems of the countries. Therefore, forecasting the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 virus and dengue from the climatic variability a temporal and spatial scale allows to perfect the warning system and provides a tool for decision makers in the health system to take the necessary control measures. Methods: Ecological study with retrospective-prospective analysis of the series of the SARS- CoV-2 viruses, dengue, as well as, Aedes focus with their index and the climatic anomalies described by the complex climatic Index of Bulto (BI1, r, t). Interpolation method for the spatial structure with continuous information of 1200 nodes (Raster format) was generated. Kriging method combined with the method of the inverse distance (IDM) was implemented with a resolution of 10 km2 . The Multivariate Moran Index was used to determine the spatial correlation. For the prediction, the Simultaneous Autoregressive Models and the Spatial Autoregressive Conditional Models were used. Temporal modeling was carried out by using the Heteroscedastic Conditional Autoregressive and Autoregressive Models, both with exogenous variables. To obtain the co-circulation risk forecast maps, a stratification of the circulation of both viruses is carried out and map algebra is applied. Results: The moments of greatest risk Dengue and SARS-CoV-2 co-circulation are the months corresponding to the second quarter of the rainy period August-October with very humid conditions, very high temperatures, high volume of precipitation, high cloudiness, being potential predictors. All these results led to the creation of the dengue alert system and co-circulation with SARS-CoV-2 based on the observation and forecast of climatic factors. The areas with major viral co-circulation were the Central-Eastern region. Conclusions: It is evident that the climate is an important determinant for the health sector, and in particular to understand the Dengue and SARS-CoV-2 behavior and co-circulation, which strengthens the active health surveillance system.
Rhodotoruliosis: An Emerginag Opportunistic Mycosis of Humans and Animals
Authors: Pal Mahendra
Published: January 2022

Rhodotoruliosis is an opportunistic emerging mycotic disease that affects both humans and animals. The source of infection is exogenous; and disease can occur in sporadic as well as epidemic form. The disease is caused by Rhodotorula, basidiomycetous yeast that lives as a saprophyte in the environment. Rhodotorula glutinis, R. mucilaginosa (R.rubra), and R. minuta are the most frequently encountered species of Rhodotorula. The species can be isolated from a wide range of sources in nature, including the soil, air, ocean, plants, dairy products, and the household environment. Fungemia, meningitis, ventriculitis, peritonitis, endocarditis, keratitis, endophtalmitis, hydrosalpinx, oral ulcer and lymphadenitis have all been linked to the fungus in humans. It causes skin infections in chicken, sea lion, and cat, lung infection in sheep, epididymitis in dog, and mastitis in cow and buffalo. The organism is an opportunist, taking advantage of immunosuppressive circumstances, indwelling devices, and antibiotic exposure. In order to confirm the diagnosis of rhodotoruliosis, laboratory assistance is required. The direct demonstration of Rhodotorula in the clinical specimens and its isolation in pure and luxuriant growth still considered the gold standard of diagnosis. Amphotericin B or one of its lipid formulations appears to be the medication of choice for treating the patient. The infection due to Rhodotorula especially in immunosuppressed individuals can be life threatening if the treatment is delayed. Prognosis of systemic disease in compromised subject may be grave. Early diagnosis is essential to start specific antifungal therapy of rhodotorulosiosis to prevent serious complications.