bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Current Research on STATCOM
Authors: Ma You Jie , Wang De Xiang , Zhou Xue Song
Published: June 2014

Power electronics products are widely used in industrial control, requirements of power quality have become more sophisticated. So how to improve voltage quality and how to ensure that the system is stable is an important and urgent issue. This paper briefly discusses evolution of STATCOM development, including the difference from the other compensation devices, the characteristics of STATCOM, the research status, the key technologies of STATCOM, and the trend in the future.
Research of Vehicle Trajectory Tracking Based on Human-Simulated Intelligent Control
Authors: Zhang Wei Zhong , Chen Gang , Hu Li Ming , Wang Tao , Cui Shi Tang , Jiang Qiang
Published: June 2014

As unmanned ground vehicle is a nonlinear time-varying system, it is difficult to describe the accurate mathematical model. To solve this problem, a control algorithm of vehicle trajectory tracking based Human-Simulated Intelligent Control (HSIC) is proposed, and feature model set, control mode set and reasoning mode set are designed. Finally, this method and traditional preview follower PID algorithm are compared with each other in experimental way. The results show that such method has small dependence on the model with better control effect and overall stability.
Research on Multi-Criteria Decision Based on Bidirectional Grey Relation Projection Method
Authors: Liu Xia Qing , Zhang Na
Published: June 2014

There are many comprehensive efficiency evaluation problems in socioeconomic system, which are also taken as grey multi-criteria decision problems. Based on grey system theory and vector projection theorem, the grey relation projection method combines module with angle cosine to fully reveal the close degree of multiple decision schemes and the ideal scheme. Grey relation projection method considers spatial influences of factor indexes and is applicable to the situation of small sample and discrete data. However, traditional grey relation projection method can not solve the problem of sorting schemes with the same projection. On account of TOPSIS method, this paper studies bidirectional grey relation multi-criteria decision method on the basis of positive and negative ideal points from the perspective of vector projection, and constructs a bidirectional grey relation projection close degree calculating model. Analysis on application example shows that the method put forward in this paper has preferable feasibility and rationality.
The Status and Development of Water Treatment Technology for Supercritical Unit
Authors: Lu Guo Hua , Peng Qiao Ling , Mei Yang , Li Zheng Feng , Cao Shun An
Published: June 2014

The paper is to study the water treatment technologies for supercritical unit to improve its steam-water quality and ensure safe and economical operation. Based on lots of domestic and foreign literature and field investigation in some typical power plants, the paper summaries present situation and development prospects of the technology and system process of water treatment for supercritical unit, and also compared the technologies, including make-up water, condensate water and feed-water treatment, from theoretical and technical prospective.
A Wear Damage Assessment of High Temperature Forging Tool
Authors: Cabrol Elodie , Boher Christine , Vidal Vanessa , Rezai-Aria Farhad , Touratier Fabienne
Published: June 2014

High temperature forging tools are highly damaged by wear shearing under cyclic loading which reduces the life of tools. In real conditions, depending upon the tool areas, the level of wear can change. The surfaces of tools can be treated by cobalt-based hardfacing using different welding processes. This study focuses on tribological damages of Stellite 21 deposited by MIG process. Wear tests are carried out at room and high temperature on a ring on disc tribometer under high normal load. Different testing conditions are examined. The surface plastic strain due to the friction shear stresses is demonstrated by different methods like SEM observations, micro-hardness measurements and XRD analyses. More particularly, it is shown that the initial (200) crystallographic preferred orientation due to the welding process is modified into (111) crystallographic preferred orientation due to shear stresses regardless the loading. Moreover, a relationship between the gradient of the plastic shear strain at the friction subsurface and the level of the micro-hardness measurement has been established. In regard of the results, when the shear strain exceeds a threshold, the micro-hardness measurement is stabilised. The ultimate value could be induced by the stacking fault energy that is considered as weak in Stellites.
Effects of External Hydrostatic Pressure on Finished Surface in Silicon Cutting
Authors: Yoshino Masahiko , Shimizu Yohei , Kono Kentaro , Terano Motoki
Published: June 2014

In this paper, machining tests of silicon wafer under high hydrostatic pressure are reported. A lathe type machining tester was developed, and machining tests were conducted on the upper surface of silicon wafers whose crystal orientation was (001). Roughness of the finished surface was measured by using AFM, and the effect of hydrostatic pressure on roughness was studied. It was found that roughness decreases with increase of hydrostatic pressure. It was also found that the roughness depends on the cutting direction. The roughness is large when the cutting direction is parallel to the <100> direction, but it is small when the cutting direction is parallel to the <110> direction. Mechanism of effects of hydrostatic pressure and crystal orientation are discussed.
Rheological Investigation of MIM Feedstocks for Reducing Frictional Effects during Injection Moulding
Authors: Rane Kedarnath K. , Date Prashant P.
Published: June 2014

An experimental investigation of the rheological properties for abrasive Metal Injection Moulding feedstocks is presented for different materials with dissimilar particle sizes and shapes. Tribological issues are inevitable since feedstock has up to 93 wt. % powder loading in the feedstock. In this study, each of the relatively soft carbonyl iron powder and the hard, abrasive Iron oxide powder are mixed with binder system, consisting of HDPE (High-density polyethylene), Paraffin Wax and S.A. (Stearic Acid) at different magnitudes of volumetric powder loading. The rheological properties such as flow rate (cm3/s), shear rate (s-1) and viscosity (Pa.s) are investigated for varying conditions of temperature and pressure. The properties of the feedstocks made from the two materials showed significant variation in flow behaviour (due to difference in inter-particle frictional behaviour) with changing process parameters as well as material parameters. Furthermore, to study flow behaviour of feedstocks apparent viscosity is plotted against temperature and shear rate in order to establish the sensitivity of temperature and pressure. Flow behaviour index was determined by analysing variation of viscosity with shear rate of feedstock. As expected, results show that the feedstock having iron oxide powder with hard irregular shaped particles exhibits a higher viscosity if compared to the spherical particles in the Carbonyl iron powder feedstock. It was observed that the feedstock containing iron oxide powder (75 wt. % powder loading) gives higher shear rate but the feedstock dissociates faster with increasing temperature, whereas carbonyl iron powder feedstocks (90 wt. % powder loading) were found to be more stable (dissociate less) at higher temperatures and flowed at a smaller shear rate. Additions of graphite powder to the hard and abrasive iron oxide powder (to facilitate reduction of the iron oxide during sintering) would also be expected to improve the flow behaviour of the iron oxide feedstock on account of the superior lubricating properties of the graphite powder.
Combination of Plastic Upsetting Joining and Plastic Serration Joining of Disk and Shaft
Authors: Kitamura Kazuhiko , Inishi Hodaka , Hirota Kenji , Ukai Yoshihiko , Matsunaga Keiichi
Published: June 2014

Cold joining method using plastic flow has been useful for production of joint parts. The high torsional strength of the joint of a disk and a shaft was obtained by plastic flow serration joining, but the axial strength of the joint was not so high. To improve the axial strength, the serration joining was combined with additional upsetting joining. After upsetting joining high residual compressive stresses were induced between the shaft and the disk by a level with the yield stress of the disk material. The initial axial strength of joining of the disk and the shaft increases by 2.5 times by using the combination of upsetting joining and serration joining under a well-rinsed condition.
A Comparative Study of the Tribological Behavior of Tin Powder Clad on the JIS SKD11 Tool Steel with the GTAW Method
Authors: Lin Yu Chi , Chen Han Ming , Chen Yong Chwang
Published: June 2014

This work focused on the wear performance of the clad layers which were formed with cladding titanium nitrides (TiN) powder on the JIS SKD11 tool steel by the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) method. A rotating type tribometer was used to evaluate the wear behavior of the clad specimens under different sliding conditions. Furthermore, a nanoindenter was used to measure the hardness and elastic modulus of the reinforcements. According to the wear test results, the wear performance of the specimens cladded with TiN powder was better than that of the JIS SKD11 tool steel specimens. During dry sliding wear test, the clad layers exhibited a strong wear resistance because they contained the hard TiN reinforcements. Therefore, the wear performance of the clad layers was substantially better than that of the SKD11 specimens under all the test conditions in this study. In addition, produced oxide films might influence the wear behavior of different specimens during the wear testing, and oxidation wear would even dominate the wear behavior of the clad layers under some conditions.
Joining with Electrochemical Support: Cold Pressure Welding of Copper – Weld Formation and Characterization
Authors: Schmidt Hans Christian , Rodman Dmytro , Grydin Olexandr , Ebbert Christoph , Homberg Werner , Maier Hans Jürgen , Grundmeier Guido
Published: June 2014

Cold pressure welding is a versatile process that can be used to weld most metals. It is, however, difficult to achieve a weld at room temperature through the application of pressure. As in every welding process, several different parameters have to be considered: the metals to be welded and their properties in terms of surface condition, cleanliness, strength of the metal, and so on. The surface condition and surface preparation methods are the most important parameters, since the cold weld is based solely on the contact between the two metal surfaces that are involved. Joining with electrochemical support (ECUF) is a new approach that overcomes most of the current process barriers and limitations through optimized electrochemical surface treatment and an improved process technology based on a pilger roll. This paper provides an overview of the ECUF process and current research results on the pressure welding of pure copper (CW004A). The formation of the weld has been investigated and the welding interface characterized in respect of its microstructure.
Two-Dimensional Roll Bite Model with Lubrication for Cold Strip Rolling
Authors: Dbouk Talib , Montmitonnet Pierre , Legrand Nicolas
Published: June 2014

To help optimize cold rolling operations, mixed lubrication models have been developed and embedded in roll bite models. The resulting models combine micro-fluidics in a porous medium (the lubricant flow between the contacting rough surfaces), microplasticity (roughness flattening / scratching), macro-plasticity (strip reduction) and roll thermo-elasticity. They are therefore really complex and need a lot of physical data. Based on previous developments, a new, simpler version of our lubrication model has been coupled with a new roll bite model recently presented: slab method for the strip elastic-plastic deformation (Prandtl-Reuss equations), a complete influence functions set for the roll deformation with circumferential displacements, and an efficient, adaptive relaxation technique when iterating between roll and strip models. The lubrication model is elaborated on Wilson and Sheu’s mixed lubrication model. The paper describes the implementation and compares its results with our previous, more complex version; a reasonable agreement is found. Several test cases of increasing difficulty show the robustness of the model and of its implementation. As a conclusion, a brief perspective is provided on how this new type of roll bite model could be used in industry.
Development of a Testing Procedure to Determine the Bond Strength in Joining-by-Forming Processes
Authors: Mikloweit Alexander , Bambach Markus , Pietryga Michael , Hirt Gerhard
Published: June 2014

Roll bonding is a joining-by-forming process, in which two or more metals are permanently joined through pressure and plastic deformation, which causes the creation of a metallic bond. The bond formation is a complex process based on various process conditions in the joining zone, such as strain, normal pressure, temperature, strain rate, shear strain and surface condition. Since an individual variation and analysis of the influencing parameters is usually not possible during the rolling process, a specific experimental setup for the investigation of the joining mechanisms is necessary. In this paper, a testing procedure has been developed to determine the bond strength in joining-by-forming processes. The material combination chosen was AA2024/AA1050 as used in aircraft applications. AA2024 sheets are cladded with pure aluminum to improve the corrosion resistance. The performed experimental parameter study confirms the expected influencing factors and is used to determine parameters of a bonding model, which can be integrated in a finite element simulation.
Analysis of Material Behaviour in Experimental and Simulative Setup of Joining by Forming of Aluminium Alloy and High Strength Steel with Shear-Clinching Technology
Authors: Müller Martin , Hörhold Réjane , Merklein Marion , Meschut Gerson
Published: June 2014

In transportation sector the reduction of moving masses without the decrease of safety parameters is a key factor for future economic success. One possible approach for this is the use of different metallic materials in composite construction. Therefore, it is essential to establish a reliable component connection by means of suitable and cost-effective joining technologies. Mechanical joining technologies such as self-piercing riveting and mechanical clinching have proven to be effective methods for joining lightweight materials like aluminium and ductile steels. As these technologies require formability or pre-holing of the joining partners, the field of application is limited by the mechanical properties of the joining partners. Great potential for joining hot stamped steels, which have a very low elongation at fracture and therefore a low formability, offers the shear-clinching technology. For a systematic development of the shear-clinching technology, detailed investigations of the process are required. This paper presents an analysis of the material behaviour during the shear-clinching process and the reference process – clinching with pre-hole.
Contribution for the Simulation of Tube-Bulk Forming by Lateral Extrusion of Flanges and Collars in Light Weight Components
Authors: Kannewurf Marcus , Liewald Mathias
Published: June 2014

Joining using forming processes in the field of bulk metal forming is currently experiencing a renaissance both within research projects in academia and industrial manufacturing processes. One main challenge of such research activities is any improvement of joint strength. In contrast to conventionally joined interference fits, such components can be manufactured without heating or thermal loads. Within framework of the priority program SPP 1640 of the German Research Foundation, a common lateral extrusion process for a solid internal part and an external tube actually is being developed at the Institute for Metal Forming Technology, Stuttgart. Aim of this project is to manufacture a form-closed as well as force-closed joint composed by a high strength external material and a light weight internal material for light-weight components. The present work describes numerical investigations of this process and shows aspects of process development. This includes, among other things, development of a new tool concept, which provides divided punches to determine the influence of different punch motion on the forming and joining process. Spring back behavior, induced residual stress distribution and occurring contact area depending on different material combinations are also investigated. Moreover, the process limits regarding component geometry and force requirement are shown.
Multiscale Modeling of Joining Processes under Consideration of the Thermo-Mechano-Chemical Behaviour in the Interface
Authors: Kebriaei Reza , Vladimirov Ivaylo , Reese Stefanie
Published: June 2014

In the last decades, manufacturing of layered composite materials has become an interesting topic in industrial development. Joining properties of adhesively bonded materials are characterized by a complex interaction of plastic deformation, thermo-mechano-chemical coupling effects, adhesion and diffusion. Additionally, the interactions between the microstructures involved in the process have to be taken into account. The design of new joining technologies requires a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms which is difficult to achieve by working solely experimentally. The present study therefore deals with modeling the essential effects characterizing joining. Additionally, special attention is paid to the experimental characterization of the involved materials at the macro and micro levels. The microstructure of materials (as e.g. AA1050, AA2024 and AA5754), which have a wide range of applications in engineering structures, is numerically and experimentally investigated. Moreover, a general cohesive zone element formulation in the framework of zero-thickness interface elements is developed. This enables the accurate and efficient modeling of the interface based on an interfacial traction-separation law.
Friction Measurement Device for Fiber Material Forming Processes
Authors: Huttel Dominik , Groche Peter , May Alexander , Euler Markus
Published: June 2014

With the growing demand of sustainability and rising requirements by law and politics, paper as a natural, renewable fiber material is in the focus of research and production technology again. With this, requests for the predictability of material behavior during the production process rise. Especially in forming, interactions between work piece and the tool surface can have a major influence on the forming behavior. This study discuss available friction measurement systems for paper in the context of forming processes. Based on this a new friction measurement device is presented. Effects of the measurement setup on the contact pressure distribution during tests is reviewed experimentally and via FEA. Finally, the friction coefficient between an industrial paperboard with different material orientations and steel, at different velocities and contact pressures is investigated. A dependency between the contact pressure and the friction coefficient can be seen.
Integration of Piezoceramic Tube under Prestress into a Load Carrying Structure
Authors: Brenneis Matthias , Groche Peter
Published: June 2014

Smart structures consisting of a load carrying structure and smart materials with actuatory and sensory capabilities feature high potential in numerous applications. However, to master the assembly conditions of smart structures, there is a need to integrate additional design parameters such as prestress of the smart material, critical loads and electric contacting as well as insulation into the process development. This paper focusses on the design of an incremental bulk forming process to integrate piezoceramic components into an aluminum tube simultaneously to the manufacturing process. Axial forces imposed on the piezoceramic are investigated numerically and experimentally to verify the design of critical components and the process control. Within this investigation, in situ measurement of the direct piezoelectric effect provides a method to validate the numerical design with regard to failure of the piezo tube and the functional properties of the overall structure.
Influences of Cobalt Content on the Physical and Tribological Properties of Cemented Tungsten Carbide Used in Sheet Metal Forming Application
Authors: Premanond Varunee , Diewwanit Onnjira
Published: June 2014

The objective of this work is to investigate the tribological behavior between WC-Co cemented carbide and austenitic stainless steel under repeated rotation sliding. Influences of cobalt content of commercial grade cemented tungsten carbide on friction coefficient and material transfer phenomena have been explored. Three grades of commercial WC-Co cemented carbide with similar medium WC grain size were employed; WC-12Co, WC-14Co and WC-19Co. The average grain size were ranges between 0.85-1.1 μm and the hardness of about 86-88 HRA have been given by the material maker. The composition analysis and the average grain size of tungsten carbide have been rechecked. Furthermore, the carbide grain size distribution was recorded and the fracture toughness was calculated for each WC-Co grade. The experiments were carried out using ball on disk test. The ball was made from SUS304 grade and the disk was fabricated by 3 grades of WC-Co cemented carbide. The friction coefficient was measured under dry sliding. The characteristics of contact surfaces were explored on the ball as well as on the disk after tests to reveal the presence of a metallic transfer on the WC-Co cemented carbide disk and the wear scar on the ball. The measurement results of wear volume on the stainless steel ball disclosed that maximum wear rate was found from the stainless steel ball rub against WC-19Co tool material.
The Influence of Initial Commutator Surface Roughness on Wear of the Starter Motor Commutation System
Authors: Spremberg Tanja , Engler Ingo , Denkena Berend
Published: June 2014

One way to improve the run-in period of the commutation system of an electrical motor is the modification of the commutator ́s roughness. The reduction of the run-in period affects the wear during the motor life time. Therefore, within this paper the influence of the initial commutator roughness on the run-in period and the electromechanical wear is investigated. The research is done with a special starter components test rig. During the tests the wear is analyzed while the applied electromechanical and mechanical load is varied in order to enforce different wear behaviors. It is expected that with an optimal initial surface roughness the amount of wear is reduced until the steady state has been reached. However, the results revealed that there is no significant influence of the initial surface roughness on the examined electromechanical tribological system. It was found, that the mechanical wear of the commutator and the brushes is similar to the electromechanical wear during the run-in period. The run-in period of the mechanical load tests is shorter compared to the other experiments.
Dissolution of Iron from Oxides in a Solution of Citric Acid and Sodium Thiosulfate
Authors: Olvera Venegas Patricia Nayeli , Hernández Cruz Leticia Esperanza , Lapidus Gretchen Terri
Published: June 2014

In this work, the dissolution of iron from a kaolinitic mineral (Veracruz, México) is compared with that from an iron ore (Michoacán, México), a specular hematite (México), a magnetite (southeastern Utah, USA) and a hematite (from Arizona, USA), using sodium thiosulfate and citric acid, as the reducing and complexing agents, respectively. The minerals were dry sieved to obtain particle sizes between-100 +250 mesh. The minerals were then characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy EDS and atomic absorption (AA). Leaching experiments were using 0.5 M of both reactants at temperature of 363.15 °K and pH = 3; this one last parameter was controlled with ammonium hydroxide. The experimental results showed removal of dissolved iron above 99% in the kaolinitic clay and the magnetite, but only 79% for the iron ore, 46% for the hematite and 30% for the hematite, in 180 minutes.
Elimination of Dyes Present in Textile Industry Wastewater Using Adsorbent Materials Prepared from Broccoli Stem
Authors: Peláez Cid Alejandra Alicia , Vázquez Barranco Araceli , Herrera González Ana María
Published: June 2014

This paper presents the results of the adsorption of textile dyes in static systems, using adsorbent materials prepared from broccoli waste collected after harvest. The adsorption capacities of the non-activated lignocellulosic residue (BrocNat), the chemically activated waste using sodium hydroxide (BrocNaOH), the thermally activated at 823 K ash (AshBroc), and the chemically activated carbon using phosphoric acid at 673 K (CarBrocQ) were tested. Aqueous solutions containing cationic and anionic dyes as well as textile effluents generated after the dyeing process of a cotton-processing factory containing vat and reactive dyes were treated. Lignocellulosic materials were only effective in removing dyes when they were found in aqueous solution. The carbonaceous adsorbent CarBrocQ presented removal percentages close to 100% and between 13 and 75% for reactive and vat dyes contained in the effluents respectively. To accomplish the complete elimination of color from effluents containing vat dyes, these were treated before adsorption, using aluminum chlorohydrate and poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) as coagulant and flocculant agents, respectively. The COD of the effluent containing vat dyes was reduced up to 93% after both treatments were combined, and the removal of color was absolute. The high adsorption capacity of CarBrocQ occurs because of its high specific surface area, which was determined by N2 adsorption to be 1177 m2g-1. In the case of the lignocellulosic material, the specific surface area was determined by means of adsorption of methylene blue, and it was 485 m2g-1 for both. The adsorption capacity of CarBrocQ was compared with that of commercial carbons, and proved to be similar. The adsorption results obtained indicate that broccoli waste can be used to prepare activated carbon with applications in the removal of dyes present in textile effluents.
Effect of Nanostructures on Corona Poling Assisted Second Harmonic Generation in Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Films
Authors: Franco Alfredo , Torres-Mendieta Rafael O. , Alvarez-Zauco Edgar , García-Macedo Jorge A.
Published: June 2014

Hybrid organic-inorganic films are attractive materials for an alternative manufacture of photonic devices based on non-linear second-order optical processes. However, their efficiency and stability, closely related to their chromophores non-centrosymmetric orientation, still need some improvements. The use of nanostructures in this kind of materials gives place to a change in the chromophores surrounding medium; it can be used to improve the efficiency and the stability of the chromophores orientation in the films. In this work we show that some nanostructures are able to improve significantly the organic-inorganic SiO2 films second-order non-linear optical responses. Two kinds of nanostructures were studied: some nanostructures were just immersed, but the other ones were spontaneously induced in the films. The immersed nanostructures were multi-walled carbon nanotubes and the spontaneously induced nanostructures were formed in the films by means of surfactants self-assembly. The films were synthesized by the sol-gel method and all of the films were doped with Disperse Red 1 (DR1) dipolar chromophores. The induced nanostructures were lamellar and hexagonal long-range ordered nanostructures, detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The second-order non-linear optical properties of the films were studied in resonance through Corona poling assisted second harmonic generation. The results show significant improvements, for some kinds of nanostructures, in the non-linear optical responses of the films. In particular, those films containing Triton X-100 showed, at a poling temperature of 120°C, an improved second-order non-linear coefficient d33 with respect to equivalent non-nanostructured films; the d33 value of those films, determined by the Maker fringes technique, was equal to 21.4 pm/V.
Rutile Molecular Model and its EUC Determination by PM7
Authors: Rios-Reyes C.H. , Mendoza Huizar Luis Humberto , Coreño-Alonso Juan
Published: June 2014

Rutile surface has been modeled in order to study its electronic properties as well as to determine its surface chemical reactivity. There have been constructed 10 different rutile structures, from a 6 atoms cluster (for the smallest) to a 356 atoms cluster (for the biggest). It was calculated for each cluster some physical parameters which are related to the electronic properties, such as work function, band gap, and density of states (DOS), in order to analyze the tendency of the cluster properties with the increase of atoms. From the data obtained, it was determined the Electronic Unit Cell (EUC), which refers to the modeled structure for what the electronic and reactivity properties of the system does no change, from clusters with different number of atoms. From the rutile EUC cluster it was determined its band gap with a value of 3.28 eV, which agreed with the experimental value of 3.0-3.1 eV. Furthermore, it was performed a reactivity surface study, which comprised the analysis of reactivity descriptors such as ionization potential, electronic affinity, total hardness, electronic chemical potential, electrophilicity and electronegativity. All theoretical calculations were performed using the semiempirical PM7 included in the 2012 version of MOPAC and the surfaces were modeled from crystallographic data.
Determination of Metal Elements in Maca from Different Areas by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry
Authors: Han Hong Bo , Dong Qin , Diao Yi , Wei Hui Ping , Li Min Jie
Published: June 2014

In this paper, the contents of these elements including Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Al, Cd, Pb, Ti and As were determined by ICP-AES technique, which elements originated from maca from different places. Detection limits ranged 0.0022 ug/ml-1 and 0.077ug/ml-1, the relative standard deviations for all these elements were lower than 2%, and recovery rates ranged 95.56% and 106.2%. The results showed that there were rich metal elements in maca from different places; contents of Fe and Al were highest; contents of Mn, Zn, Cu and Ti were moderately high, and contents of As, Cd and Pb were lowest. Futhermore, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn were essential to people’s health, and Al, Cd, As, Pb and Ti had potentially physiologically toxic. Finally, concentrations of elements within macafrom different places were different, which may have some relations with the environment where maca grew. As a result, the determining method which elements of maca. are determined by ICP-AES is rapid, accurate and convenient, and wild macamay contain toxic elements because of pollutional soil and environment, so macacultivated artificially can effectively reduce harmful elements.
Design and Implementation of E-Commerce Recommendation System Based on Ontology Technology
Authors: Wang Yi , Ou Hao Yuan , Zhang Jian Ming
Published: June 2014

Electronic commerce recommendation system can effectively retain customers, effective means to improve the electronic commerce system sales. This paper first analyzes the E-commerce recommender system based on ontology, and applies it to the clothing e-commerce website customer relationship management and personalized commodity recommendation; semantic structure through ontology has to commodity recommendation. The paper presents design and implementation of E-commerce recommendation system based on ontology technology so as to effectively improve customer satisfaction.
The Design of Wireless Sensor Networks and Data Analysis in Smart Grids
Authors: Zhao Ying , Li Ru Kun , Xu Kun Le
Published: June 2014

Smart grids have a close relationship to advanced sensing technology and communication technology and also have provided a new application platform for wireless sensor networks. From wireless sensor networks research development and characteristics, combined with current status of wireless sensor networks applications in power system, this paper describes its key technologies of wireless sensor networks, then analyze applications and data analysis of the wireless sensor network in the smart grids.
The Practical Research of Engineering Materials for the Temporary House after Earthquake
Authors: Qian Si Ru
Published: June 2014

After the WenChuan earthquake in may 12,2008,Many province government built the temporary houses for earthquake disaster area.For the first time, they initiate such large scale project, there are many problems emerged during the process of construction such problem like economy ,environment, engineering materials and technology. In this article, we collect problems and analysis them ,seek for the possible measures of construct the temporary house and the effective way to rebuilt the disaster area.
The Influence of Electric Vehicles Charging and Discharging on Power Grid
Authors: Li Pei Lin
Published: June 2014

With the popularization and application of electric vehicles, charging and discharging load will bring new challenges to safe and stable operation of the power grids. Charging and discharging control is becoming an important power system operation strategy as well as generation dispatch. A volume of research has been devoted to charging control (including vehicle-to-grid, so-called V2G) which can not only alleviate the adverse effects of charging load but also support the grid operation such as leveling the load and promoting the integration of renewable generation. This paper analyzes the impact of electric vehicles charging and discharging on the power system.
Study on Mechanical Equipments and Electronic Resources for Improving Interpreting Abilities
Authors: Tian Xian Zhi
Published: June 2014

] In interpreting courses,it is necessary to use some mechanical euipments and electronic resources for improving interpreting abilities. Some researchers call them as external causes for being sucessful interpreters. Some researchers think that they are regarded as indispensable factors for being sucessful. The authors have researched them with investigation and data processing. From the investigation and data processing,the author has concluded her conclusions from scientific study and detail analysis. The author hopes that her study will be helpful for interpreting reform and researchers for her field. However, with the limitation of research condition, there is still some disadvantages to be overcome for future research, and the author will have to improve them and advance them in her later research.
[key words] mechanical euipments; electronic resources; electronic resource system; electronic materials; information technology
Study on Impact Properties of New Hydro-Pneumatic Buffer for a Metro Vehicle
Authors: Li Yi Ping
Published: June 2014

Analyzed and studied the hydro-pneumatic buffer structure of railway vehicle, designed a new type of hydro-pneumatic buffer and established the detailed dynamics model. Calculated the static characteristic curve of hydro-pneumatic buffer with different compression rate and dynamic characteristic curve with different impact speed through the numerical simulation method. The simulation results shows that the biggest impedance force is 1836.3KN and buffer capacity reach 221.89KJ when impact velocity of the new hydro-pneumatic buffer is 5m/s.New hydro-pneumatic buffer can improve the speed of manipulating vehicle, reduce the longitudinal impact and vibration in the train and adapt to the needs of the trains.
Comparison of the Stress-Strain Behaviour of Cast TiAl6V4, Porous TiAl6V4 and Cortical Bone during the Mechanical Load Caused by Common Daily Activities
Authors: Kvíčala Miroslav , Štamborská Michaela , Drápala Jaromír
Published: June 2014

This paper deals with FEM analysis of six models that represents human cortical bone, cast TiAl6V4 alloy and porous TiAl6V4 with different pore diameters. Reliable data for the simulations were achieved by meta-analysis that consisted from 53 scientific works. Strain value was chosen with a respect to the frequent daily activities such as walking. According to the FEM analysis of presented models von Mises stress values and stress concentration factors were similar for human cortical bone and porous TiAl6V4.
Study of Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete with Expansive and Shrinkage Reducing Agents
Authors: Nardinocchi Alessandro , Corinaldesi Valeria
Published: June 2014

UltraHigh Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) exhibits remarkable mechanical performance, which can allow to reduce the cross-section of structural members. However,a problem involving UHPFRC isthe likely tendency to crack at early age, due to autogenous and plastic shrinkages, caused by the very low water-to-binder ratio adopted. Therefore, this experimental work intends to detect the effectiveness of a possible solution for reducing the risk of shrinkage cracks in UHPFRC, by adding to the mixture a suitable combination of expansive and shrinkage reducing agents.Compressionand bending testswere carried out up to28 days of curing. Free drying shrinkage strains were evaluated up to 56 days of exposure to 50% relative humidity. The experimental results obtained by using expansive and shrinkage reducing agents were extremely encouraging in termsof free dryingshrinkage reduction, and even surprising in terms of flexural behaviour.
Study on Damage Modes of a Sandwich Panel Impacted Repeatedly
Authors: Azouaoui Krimo , Mouhoubi Said
Published: June 2014

This paper describes an experimental investigation for determining the damage modes under low energy impact-fatigue of sandwich panels consisting of aluminum skins supported by honeycomb core made of aluminum. Square samples of 125mm by 125mm sides and 10mm thickness (skin of 0.6mm and 8.8mm of core) were subjected to impact fatigue loading using a testing machine at four different energy levels (2J, 3J, 5J and 7J). The square plates are clamped in a fixture system over a 100mm diameter hole. Three different diameters of impactor head (15mm, 25mm and 35mm) are used to study their influence on life duration of the sandwich plates. Results showed that damage area at impacted face and propagation of multi-cracks at rear face are greatly affected by energy level and impactor diameter.
Design and Analysis of Automotive Instrument Panel
Authors: Haniffah Nur Akmal , Zakaria Mohamad Fazrul , Sheng Tan Kean
Published: June 2014

This study presents the automotive instrument panel (IP) design in order to improve the quality, cost, and safety of the existing design. A few conceptual designs were generated based on safety aspect and ergonomic design. The most suitable design was selected using concepts scoring. The IP head impact simulation was conducted using finite element analysis (FEA) to predict the head injury criterion (HIC) value of the front passenger in vehicle according to ECE-R21 regulation. The finite element (FE) model, which consist of upper IP, lower IP, carrier structure and head-form, was built-up to carry out head impact analysis of the IP assembly. The optimum IP design was proposed by analysis of different materials, which are 20% talc filled rubber modified polypropylene (PP+EPDM-TD20), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymer, and polypropylene (PP) copolymer. The HIC value for all IP was compared using simulation result and theoretical calculation. The lowest HIC value will reduce the head occupant injury. In this study, only the raw material cost was considered in cost evaluation. The IP from ABS polymer performed the lowest HIC value, which were 179.7 but very costly compare to other materials.
Effect of Austenizing and Tempering Time on Corrosion Rate of Austenitic Stainless Steel in Oxalic Acid
Authors: Gebril Mohamed A. , Aldlemey M.S. , Haider Farag I. , Ali Naji
Published: June 2014

The aim of this work is to study the effect of austenizing time, tempering process and tempering time on corrosion rate of austenitic stainless steel in oxalic acid. The samples of typical 304 stainless steel were heated to 1050°C for 10, 20 and 30 minutes and quenched to room temperature in water, then tempered at 250°C, 400°C and 600°C for 30, 60 minutes for each tempering time. These samples were then immersed in 0.1M of oxalic acid and then their weight losses were measured after 30 days. The result obtained show that corrosion rate of all austenitic stainless steel samples decreased with an increase austenizing time, this behaviour is due to more homogenously of austenite, and the corrosion rate will be increased with increase the tempering temperature and tempering time, this behaviour is due different phases at microstructure below 400°C, and above of 400 to 600°C the corrosion rate will be increased due to formation of carbides which are non-uniform distributed at the grain boundaries and causes intergranular corrosion.
Reusable and Efficient Polystryrene-Supported Acidic Ionic Liquid Catalyst for the Synthesis of n-Butyl Acetate
Authors: Cheng Yu He , Zhang Biao , Dai Shang Jiang , Tong Han Lin , Li Li Xia
Published: June 2014

A series of polystyrene-supported 1-(propyl-3-sulfonate)-3-methy-imidazolium hydrosulfate acidic ionic liquid (PS-[SO3H-PMIM][HSO4]) catalysts with different [SO3H-PMIM][HSO4] contents were prepared and tested for esterification of n-butyl alcohol with acetic acid. It was found that the reactivity of the catalyst increased with increasing [SO3H-PMIM][HSO4] content, and best yield of n-Butyl acetate of 98% was obtained using PS-[SO3H-PMIM][HSO4]1 within 1.5h. The catalytic activity of this catalyst decreased slightly after fifth using.
Methodology of Taguchi Optimization for Organic Rice Bran to Maximum Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Su Te Li , Wang Shu Wen , Chien Hsu Hsuan , Shen Chia Jung
Published: June 2014

The rice bran contains rich vitamin A, vitamin E, amino acid and niacin which are nutrient substances for the skin. These substances can keep moisture, prevent skin drying, postpone skin aging and prevent pigmentation effectively. This study used Taguchi method to plan experiment, and applied solvent extraction to extract organic rice bran concentrate, aiming to obtain the optimal beauty treatment quality. As the parameter setting is the key to the antioxidant activity quality of organic rice bran, it requires considerable costs of money, time and human experience. Therefore, this case study used L9(34) orthogonal array to plan the experimental parameters of solvent extraction which may influence the antioxidant activity of organic rice bran. The signal-to-noise ratio of experimental data was calculated to discuss the experimental results. Afterwards, the response graph was obtained by factor effects, so as to discuss the significant factors influencing the oxidation resistance quality, namely, the oxidation resistance quality characteristic of organic rice bran could be controlled effectively by controlling these factors. Finally, the confirmation experiment validated the reliability and repeatability of this experiment.
Assessment of Engineering Properties of Geosynthetics with Seaming Methods
Authors: Jeon Han Yong
Published: June 2014

8 Geotextiles (; 4 woven and 4 nonwoven types), 4 geogrids and 2 geocomposites of [nonwoven/fibers/nonwoven] structure were used as raw materials and the different seaming methods were applied to compare the seam properties of 3 geosynthetics and transmissivity of geocomposites. Tensile strength retentions of these geosynthetics were evaluated as the degree of damage by chemical degradation. Woven geotextiles showed the higher seam strength in the order (SSd-1 < SSd-2) > (SSa-1 < SSa-2) > geospacer without regard to the design strength. For nonwoven geotextiles, the order of seam strength is geospacer > (SSa-1 < SSa-2). Geogrids showed the higher seam strength in the order of band > geospacers but reduction factors were increased in the order of band > geospacer without regard to the geogrid’s compositions. Finally, geocomposites showed the higher seam strength in the order of geospacer > (SSa-1 < SSa-2) but showed the transmissivity in the order of geospacer > (SSa-1 > SSa-2) without regard to the kinds of filled fibers and weight of geocomposite.
Phonon Interaction of Ultrasound Waves in Condensed Media
Authors: Omarov Serik , Begimov Turarbek , Tukibayeva Makhabbat , Maylina Khamaria , Bedelbaeva Gulnara
Published: June 2014

Based on phonon theory the interaction of high frequency sound (ultrasound and hypersonic) with crystal lattices in solids was estimated. The coefficients of absorption in dielectrics and metals, with respect to temperature and sound frequency, were calculated. Analysis of the calculated dependences allows obtaining of nanomaterials with the set sound conductivity and sound absorption in high frequency range.
In 16V265H Locomotive Diesel Engine Nozzle Flow Field Simulation Analysis
Authors: Li Shi He , Li Ming Hai , Du Xiao
Published: June 2014

The investigation of the flow characteristics inside the nozzle becomes more and more important because the flow status in the nozzle and fuel injection significantly influence the emission and economy of diesel engines. Due to limited experimental conditions, we can make use of computer simulation, UG models can be used to predict the flow pattern inside the injectors and promote the level of selection and design of injectors. In this investigation, the UG model is calculated by FLUENT software after considering the compressibility and the viscosity of the fuel. By studying, we can predict the distribution of flow field inside the nozzle, analysis the rationality of the design of nozzle, determine the appropriate boundary conditions, mainly includes the nozzle pressure chamber and the needle tip structure, points out that the improvement direction.
Simulation Analysis of Kinematics and Dynamics of 3-TPS Hybrid Robot
Authors: Shi Jia Shun , Wang Shuang , Zhu Li Da , Wang Wan Shan , Yu Tian Biao
Published: June 2014

The paper aims at the questions of electromotor selection and mechanism design, which is effectively solved by the virtual prototype technology. Firstly, the three-dimensional model of hybrid machine tool is built by using SolidWorks software. Secondly, the assembled model is channeled into ADAMS/View, and then formed the virtual prototype simulation model with mute-body dynamics. Velocity and driving force curve of each driving shaft is got by analyzing the kinematics and dynamics of the hybrid machine tool. Maximum velocity and maximum driving force each driving shaft can find out by the method of space search. Therefore, the kinematics and dynamics properties of 3-TPS hybrid machine tool is obtained, which provide proof for machine electromotor selection, framework design and control system design.
Key words: Hybrid robot; Kinematics; Dynamics; ADAMS; Simulation