bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Change in Students’ Educational Expectations – A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pinquart Martin , Pietzsch Martin C.
Published: February 2022

Data from the U.S. and Canada indicate that students’ educational expectations are often unrealistically high. Thus, the present meta-analysis tested whether students tend to decrease, on average, their educational expectations from childhood to emerging adulthood. A systematic search in the electronic databases ERIC, PsycInfo, PSYNDEX, and Web of Science identified 91 longitudinal studies the results of which were integrated with multi-level meta-analysis. While expectations about the highest future educational degree showed very small declines per year (of g = -.02 standard deviation units), the mean yearly decline of expectations about future grades was estimated to be g = -.73. Moderator analysis found a decline in expectations about the final degree only in studies from the U.S. and Canada—countries with the highest gap between expectation and future educational attainment. In addition, change in expectations about the final degree varied by age, with the strongest decline being observed around the age of 20 years. We conclude that positive expectations about the final educational attainment often tend to persist over longer intervals probably due to lacking strong counter-evidence and because of indicating a desirable outcome.
Evaluation of the demographic profile of patients with implant-supported fixed dental prostheses: A retrospective clinical study
Authors: Demirci Fatih , Tanık Abdulsamet
Published: February 2022

Aim: In this study, the aim is to evaluate the demographic profile as well as clinical aspects of patients who received implant-supported fixed dental prostheses (FDP) between 2016 and 2019 years.

Methodology: Among 150 patients with implant-supported FDP, 120 contacted patients were included in the study. The patients were examined in terms of gender, age groups, edentulism, restoration type, implant location, implant survival rate, and abutment type by using the computer software. Data results were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods.

Results: Three hundred and six dental implants were evaluated in a total of 120 patients, 55 men, and 65 women. The average age of the patients was 49.61 ± 11.84, and the most common dental implant application was in the 51–60 age group. Dental implants were frequently applied to the posterior mandible, and 31.9% of them were applied to patients in the 51–60 age group. A 94.8% implant survival rate was observed. A significant difference was found among age groups with laser-sintered metal-ceramics (LSMC) and all-ceramics (p<0.05). LSMC was the most common type of restoration, and straight abutments were frequently used.

Conclusion: Although the survival rate of dental implants is high, implants with a medium length and diameter are frequently used. The type of restoration, type of abutment, and implant location in implant-supported FDP vary depending on the age and gender of the patients.

 

How to cite this article: Demirci F, Tanık A. Evaluation of the demographic profile of patients with implant-supported fixed dental prostheses: A retrospective clinical study. Int Dent Res 2021;11(3):165-71. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.no1.5

 

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Hope vs. Hell
Authors: Yordanova Mihaila
Published: February 2022

A cluster of arrays “provid[ing] principles of order within the unstructured simultaneity of everyday-worlds”* in Egypt and Tunisia in 2016, forming part of the two countries’ “culture” during the In 2016 project’s target year.
*H. U. Gumbrecht, In 1926: Living at the Edge of Time (1997), 443.
Normality = Heroism (Surviving)
Authors: N. N.
Published: February 2022

A collapsed code of Egyptian and Tunisian lifeworlds in 2016.
Die Integration materieller und prozessualer Elemente im Verwaltungsrecht
Authors: Funke Andreas
Published: February 2022

Das Öffentliche Recht nimmt in Lehre und Prüfung gegenüber dem Zivilrecht und dem Strafrecht insofern eine Sonderstellung ein, als es von vorneherein das Prozessrecht einbezieht. Thema sind stets die Erfolgsaussichten eines Rechtsbehelfs. Der Beitrag untersucht, konzentriert auf das Verwaltungsrecht, wie sich diese Praxis entwickelt hat und wie sie zu rechtfertigen ist. Überzeugende Gründe finden sich nicht. Im Gegenteil: Wichtige systematische Zusammenhänge werden durch das integrative Format verdunkelt. Der Beitrag schlägt die Alternative eines anspruchsorientierten Formats vor, das die im Verhältnis von Verwaltung und Bürger bestehenden Rechte und Pflichten in den Mittelpunkt rückt.
Evaluating the Effect of Bowel Management Training Program on Quality of Life in Children with Fecal Incontinence
Authors: Hojjati Shiva , Khanali Mojen Leila , Hosseini Amirhossein , Khaleghnejad Tabari Ahmad , Afaghi Siamak , Mohajerzadeh Leily , Rahimi Fatemeh Sadat , Shirinabadi Farahani Azam , Ashrafizadeh Hadis
Published: February 2022

Background: The bowel management program (BMP) promotes independence and self-sufficiency in children, helping them to integrate into the community. It also enhances their sense of well-being and provides them with a high-quality life. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of BMP on quality of life (QOL) in children with fecal incontinence in Mofid Children’s Hospital in Tehran, Iran from 1 February, 2019 to 1 February, 2020. Methods: The target population of this clinical trial was all individuals with an age range of 4 - 18 years referred to the gastrointestinal and surgical clinic of Mofid Children’s Hospital due to fecal incontinence. A total of 100 subjects with fecal incontinence participated in the study and were randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control. To collect data, two questionnaires, including the Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire and the Quality of Life in Children Questionnaire were used. Results: There was a significant difference between the two groups after the intervention (P < 0.05), indicating that the bowel management training program improved the QOL in children. The results also showed a significant increase in all the related aspects in the intervention group, with the highest increase observed in social (P < 0.001) and physical (P < 0.001) aspects. However, in the control group, the increase was meaningful only in the emotional sense (P = 0.002). Accordingly, the scores in the emotional aspect decreased notably after one month. Conclusions: The BMP is an effective way for treating fecal incontinence and improving the QOL in children. Hence, this program is highly recommended to be carried out in comprehensive gastrointestinal centers.
Data ethics in education: a theoretical, practical, and policy issue
Authors: Mandinach Ellen B. , Jimerson Jo Beth
Published: February 2022

Responsible data use has emerged as an important concept in education, especially in the wake of the COVJD-19 pandemic, which continues to highlight inequities. The knowledge and skills to use data effectively and appropriately are at the heart of data ethics. Educators must tightly couple data literacy with an ethical approach to using data—that is, they must be thoughtful about what they choose to do with data, how they go about their work, and how they center their work to benefit, rather than to harm, those engaged in the work of schooling, including students, teachers, families, and other educators. In this article, intended to provoke thought around data ethics among educators, researchers, and policymakers, we take a broad view of what data are and assert that data ethics go far beyond protecting the privacy and confidentiality of data. To be an ethical data user means using the right data in the right ways for the right purposes. The article lays out a context for data ethics, demonstrates how ethics are coupled with data literacy, provides examples of data ethics in practice, and recommends steps for strengthening ethical data use in practice.
Validation of the Teacher Decision-Making Inventory (TDMI): measuring data-based and intuitive dimensions in teachers' decision Process
Authors: Vanlommel Kristin , Pepermans Elke
Published: February 2022

Teacher decision making has a great impact on the quality of education in schools, yet we know little about how teachers make decisions in practice. It is assumed that teachers use both intuition and data in the different steps of the decision process. No reliable, valid scales are available to research both dimensions during the different steps of teachers' decision process (problem definition, data collection, sense making, and evaluatioof alternatives). Building on the integratedframework we constructed in earlier research, the main aim of this study was to develop and validate a Teacher Decision-Making Inventory fl'DMI). One hundred and one teachers in adult education participated voluntarily in a web-based survey. Based on the good UFA factor loadings, the CFA fit indices, and the internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), we conclude that the TDMI is a valid psychometric tool that can be used to assess the intuitive and data-driven dimensions of teachers' decisions in large-scale quantitative research.
Student guidance decisions at team meetings: do teachers use data for rational decision making?
Authors: Van Gasse Roos , Mol Martine
Published: February 2022

In the past decade, the belief has grown that student guidance decisions can benefit from systematic data use. Systematic data use can be considered as completing the circle of inquiry (from data discussion to interpretation, to analysis, diagnosis, and action) with a reasonable depth. However, little is known about how teachers use data to inform student guidance decisions. This qualitative study analyzed the field notes of 17 teachers’ meetings that were intended to formulate student guidance decisions in secondary education. The results showed that data were used only sporadically and often not in a systematic way. Moreover, the depth of inquiry in formulating diagnoses on poor student functioning was low. These results indicate a need to raise awareness among teachers and policymakers on the stepwise and self-questioning process that data use should be in order to be effective.
Exploring leadership influence within data-informed decision-making practices in Australian independent schools
Authors: Fernandes Venesser
Published: February 2022

There is increasingly strong pressure on schools to use data within their decision-making processes; the pressure comes not just from high-stakes testing but also from the subsequent comparative analysis conducted in the international, national, state, and local jurisdictions that represent the educational systems responsible for ensuring that students continue to receive quality education (Harris & Jones, 2017). There is paucity in empirical research within Australia on the practice of data use within schools; research is lacking on data interactions among school leaders in their workplace settings (Coburn & Turner, 2012). This study contributes toward this identified gap in Australian research literature on the practice of data-informed decision making (DIDM) in schools. Using a case-study approach at two K-12 independent schools in Victoria, Australia, the study sought to understand the "how" and "why" of DIDM systems that are currently in use within Australian independent schools in order to better understand what data-informed school improvement processes are being used in practice in this sector of Australian schooling. Based on the findings, we offer recommendations for developing improved system capabilities that make schools data literate and numerate and identify the important transformational role that senior and middle-level school leaders play in building up data-informed collaborative school cultures within their schools.
Cambalache y creación: Semiosis de la primeridad
Authors: Andacht Fernando
Published: February 2022

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Manuel Cabada Gómez: Teoría de la lectura literaria (I. Frente a la lectura histórica). (Madrid: Altorrey, 1994)
Authors: Serrano de Santos Laura
Published: February 2022

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José Romera, Mario García-Page y Francisco Gutiérrez Carbajo (eds.): Bajtín y la Literatura. Actas del IV Seminario Internacional del Instituto de Semiótica Literaria y Teatral. (Madrid: Visor Libros, 1995, 459 págs.)
Authors: Serrano de Santos Laura
Published: February 2022

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Trayectoria crítica de José Fernández Montesinos
Authors: Abad Francisco
Published: February 2022

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Felipe Benítez Reyes: Humo. (Barcelona: Planeta, 1995)
Authors: Benítez Reyes Felipe
Published: February 2022

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José María Paz Gago: Semiótica del Quijote. Teoría y práctica de la ficción narrativa. (Amsterdam y Atlanta: Rodopi, 1995, 432 páginas)
Authors: Manso Francisco
Published: February 2022

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Constructing the hierarchy of predictive auditory sequences in the marmoset brain
Authors: Jiang Yuwei , Komatsu Misako , Chen Yuyan , Xie Ruoying , Zhang Kaiwei , Xia Ying , Gui Peng , Liang Zhifeng , Wang Liping
Published: February 2022

Our brains constantly generate predictions of sensory input that are compared with actual inputs, propagate the prediction-errors through a hierarchy of brain regions, and subsequently update the internal predictions of the world. However, the essential feature of predictive coding, the notion of hierarchical depth and its neural mechanisms, remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the hierarchical depth of predictive auditory processing by combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and high-density whole-brain electrocorticography (ECoG) in marmoset monkeys during an auditory local-global paradigm in which the temporal regularities of the stimuli were designed at two hierarchical levels. The prediction-errors and prediction updates were examined as neural responses to auditory mismatches and omissions. Using fMRI, we identified a hierarchical gradient along the auditory pathway: midbrain and sensory regions represented local, shorter-time-scale predictive processing followed by associative auditory regions, whereas anterior temporal and prefrontal areas represented global, longer-time-scale sequence processing. The complementary ECoG recordings confirmed the activations at cortical surface areas and further differentiated the signals of prediction-error and update, which were transmitted via putative bottom-up γ and top-down β oscillations, respectively. Furthermore, omission responses caused by absence of input, reflecting solely the two levels of prediction signals that are unique to the hierarchical predictive coding framework, demonstrated the hierarchical top-down process of predictions in the auditory, temporal, and prefrontal areas. Thus, our findings support the hierarchical predictive coding framework, and outline how neural networks and spatiotemporal dynamics are used to represent and arrange a hierarchical structure of auditory sequences in the marmoset brain.
Caragana korshinskii Kom. plantation reduced soil aggregate stability and aggregate-associated organic carbon on desert steppe
Authors: Lu Qi , Ma Hongbin , Zhou Yao , Calvelo-Pereira Roberto , Shen Yan
Published: February 2022

Background

After implementing of the “Grain-for-Green” project, Caragana korshinskii Kom. has been widely planted in China’s arid regions. Although natural restoration grassland and artificial Caragana plantations measures have long been focuses in carbon research, the combined influence of natural restoration grassland and artificial Caragana plantation measures on aggregate stability and the aggregate-associated organic carbon (OC) remains unclear.

Method

We selected natural grassland (NG) and three different densities of Caragana plantations (high planting density, HG; middle planting density, MD; low planting density, LD) on desert steppe. The soil aggregate distribution and stability index such as fractal dimension (D), mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), percentage of aggregation destruction (PAD), as well as aggregate-associated OC concentration and stock were measured.

Results

Results shows that the soil aggregates were primarily macroaggregates (>2 mm) and mesoaggregates (0.25–2 mm) under dry sieving while microaggregates (<0.25 mm) were preponderant under wet sieving (more than 57%). Overall, compared with Caragana plantations, the MWD (4.43 and 4.51 mm) and GMD (1.72 and 1.83 mm) were both highest in two soil layers under the NG and the D (2.77 and 2.71) was lowest. Compared with the NG, the aggregate-associated OC stocks in the 0–40 cm depths in the LD, MD, and HD decreased by 41.54%, 46.93%, and 42.03%, respectively. SOC stock was mainly concentrated in the soil aggregate with sizes of >2 mm and <0.25 mm. These results suggested that natural grassland restoration measures could improve the soil aggregate stability and aggregate-associated OC concentration better than Caragana plantation restoration measures, which NG may be optimal for increasing carbon sequestration and stabilizing soil aggregates on desert steppe.
Cephalic Index in Adult Jaunsari Tribe Population of Dehradun District of Uttarakhand- A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ansari Mohd Salahuddin , Singla Mukesh Satish , Pasi Rachna , Ravi Kumar Satish
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Cephalic Index is an essential anthropometric index used to find out sexual and racial differences. Its knowledge is helpful in the diagnosis of patients and for medico-legal cases. This knowledge is also used to evaluate patients of various medical fields like paediatrics, craniofacial surgery, and medical investigations like imaging. Aim: To study the parameters related to cephalic index of adult male and female population of Jaunsari Tribe of Dehradun district in Uttarakhand and to analyse the sex differences in these parameters. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study, carried on 100 adult males and 100 adult females of more than 18 years of age, belonging to Jaunsari Tribe from March 2014 to April 2018. Head Length or Maximum Glabello-occipital Diameter (g-op) (mm) and Maximum Head breadth (eu-eu) were measured. With the help of these measurements, the cephalic index was calculated. Results: Maximum number of Jaunsari males (83%) and females (45%) had dolichocephalic heads, and the second most common type of head was mesocephalic in both males (17%) and females (26%). There was not a single case of hyperdolichocephalic in males, whereas 17% of females were hyperdolichocephalic. It can also be seen that there was not a single case of even brachycephalic and hyperbrachycephalic in male population whereas the female population had 7% and 5% brachycephalic and hyperbrachycephalic cephalic index respectively and not a single person of ultrabrachycephalic type of cephalic index was reported in both male and female population. All cephalic parameters, as well as the cephalic index itself, were statistically significantly different (p-value <0.001) in the male and female population of the Jaunsari Tribe. Conclusion: Maximum number of Jaunsari males and females had dolichocephalic heads. This data may be used as a standard for future reference for the Jaunsari population and may also be helpful for clinicians, forensic and anthropological experts.
Sonoelastography and Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Mammogram in the Evaluation of BIRADS III and above Breast Lesions Categories- A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ahetasham Mohammed , Farheen Shifa
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Breast cancer has become a major health hazard in society. Early diagnosis of breast cancers plays a vital role in its management and control. Sonoelastography and Magnetic Resonance (MR) mammography are non invasive imaging methods in the diagnosis of breast lesions. Aim: To determine the accuracy of sonoelastography and dynamic MR mammogram in the evaluation of breast masses of Breast Imaging Reporting and Database System score (BIRADS)- III and above (BIRADS-IV, V and VI ) lesion categories. Materials and Methods: The present prospective cohort study conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis at Bowring and Lady Curzon Medical College and Research Institute and Prestige Medical Health Sciences, Bangalore, India from June 2019 to March 2020. A total of 60 female cases clinically and histopathologically diagnosed with breast cancers above 28 years of age were recruited. All the subjects underwent conventional B mode ultrasonogram. Cases with BIRADS-III and above lesion category were assessed through sonoelastography and dynamic contrast enhances MR mammogram. MR mammogram was performed by using 1.5 tesla GE Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The sequences like axial and sagittal Time (T)1 Weighted (W)1 and T2 WI, Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI), axial Short Inversion Time Inversion Recovery (STIR) were performed. The Chi-square test was used to compare the difference between study variables. Results: A total of 60 female cases, clinically and histopathologically diagnosed with breast cancers above 28 years of age were included in the study with maximum in age range of 41-50 years. The dynamic MRI curve category sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and diagnostic accuracy as 91.8%, 95.3%, 96.3%, 92% and 94.8%, respectively. The study showed sonoelastography sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy as 79.8%, 93%, 88.6%, 82.2% and 84%, respectively. Conclusion: The MR mammogram and sonoelastography are effective methods in the diagnosis of breast lesions; however, MR mammography has higher sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy.
Role of Sonoelastography for Differentiating Benign and Malignant Cervical Lymph Nodes: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Seetharam Mahesh , Prakash Muralidhara Chennagiri , Pradeep Hagalahalli Nagarajegowda , Nanjaraj Chakenahalli Puttaraju , Narayana Manupratap , Ramakrishnaiah Raksha Alalasandra , Kerekoppa Archana Rao , Chandura Tanuja Ponnappa
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Cervical nodes form one of the major groups of Lymph Nodes (LN) that are frequently involved in inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. Metastasis causes the most apparent change in consistency of the node among the various nodal pathologies. Ultrasound elastography provides an estimate of tissue consistency by measuring the degree of distortion under the application of an external force. Aim: To estimate the diagnostic accuracy of sonoelastography in the differentiation of malignant and benign cervical LN with fine needle aspiration cytology/biopsy considered as a gold standard. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from March 2020 to January 2021 in a tertiary care hospital in south India, a total of 50 patients with cervical lymphadenopathy underwent ultrasonography followed by elastography of superficial neck LN using high frequency linear transducer by freehand technique. The ultrasound characteristics of selected LN were determined and colour elastogram pattern was assessed using colour mapping elastography. The chi-square test was performed. Sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) were obtained. The results were then compared to the fine needle aspiration cytology. Results: A total of 50 subjects(median age of 40.5±18.71 years ; 19 (38%) males and 31 (62%) females). The grayscale and colour Doppler features of cervical LN which helped predict malignancy were short axis ≥8 mm, S:L axis ratio ≥0.5, absence of normal central fatty hilum, abnormal echogenicity, lobulated border, presence of calcification and peripheral/mixed vascularity. With reference to the above variables of cervical LN characterisation on grayscale, colour doppler ultrasound and sonoelastography findings, elastography pattern was the most promising variable to differentiate malignant from benign cervical LN with 95.2% sensitivity, 75.0% specificity, 95.2% PPV, 75.0% NPV and 92.0% accuracy. Conclusion: Sonoelastography is useful in the assessment of elastic properties of cervical LN with short examination time required, real-time display, immediate interpretation and limited cost. Sonoelastography had higher diagnostic accuracy than gray scale and doppler ultrasound in differentiating benign from malignant cervical LN. Sonoelastography is an effective supplement to conventional gray scale and colour doppler ultrasound and that the combination is clinically recommended for a more accurate diagnosis of metastatic LN.
Evaluation of Effect of Fatty Liver on the Severity of Acute Pancreatitis Using Computed Tomography- A Retrospective Study
Authors: Tatikonda Venkat Kishan , Indurti Sindhura
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Fatty Liver (FL) disease is commonly encountered in clinical practice and is frequently seen in patients with Acute Pancreatitis (AP) due to common risk factors such as obesity, alcohol abuse, and insulin resistance among others. Aim: To evaluate the effect of FL on the severity of AP radiologically using Computed Tomography (CT). Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study, conducted from June 2021 to July 2021 in which plain CT images of patients with AP were reviewed to measure the mean attenuation values of the liver and spleen. A ratio of mean hepatic/splenic Hounsfield Units (HU) <1 was considered as FL. The severity of AP was assessed using the Modified CT Severity Index (CTSI) on Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) scan. Data collected was entered into Microsoft Excel datasheet and frequency (n) and percentages were calculated. Chi-square test was used to calculate the level of significance. Results: A total of 50 patients (44 males and 6 females; mean age 35.58±13.792 years) with AP were included in this study amongst whom FL was found in 23 patients (46%) and non FL in 27 patients (54%). The severity of pancreatitis was significantly greater in patients with FL than patients without FL. AP patients with FL had higher rates of local complications like acute Peripancreatic Fluid Collections (PPFC) (56.5% vs 22.2% p<0.001) and Acute Necrotic Collections (ANC) (26.1% vs 3.7% p<0.001) than those without FL. Conclusion: Fatty liver plays a significant role in the severity acute pancreatitis and can be used as an indicator for the same. Combined plain and contrast CT scans can be used to assess FL and diagnose and predict the severity of AP
Determinants of Profit Efficiency among Small Scale Rice Farmers in North Central, Nigeria: A Profit Function Approach
Authors: Abdullahi A. , Daramola A. G. , Amos T. T.
Published: February 2022

The study employed a stochastic frontier profit function to measure profit efficiency among rice farmers in North Central, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed in selecting 218 rice farming household heads in six Local Government Areas of North Central, Nigeria. The results showed that rice production is highly profitable with an estimated net farm income and Gross margin of N67,808.31 and N 70,273.56 per hectare and the return on investment of N1.26 was realized as profit for every one naira invested in production of rice in North Central Nigeria. The gross ratio of 0.46 and the operating ratio of 0.44 are indicators that rice production was profitable in the study area. Furthermore, the result of tranlog stochastic function revealed that rice farmers in North Central were not all fully profit efficient and thus an average farmer in study area could potentially increase profit level if resources are more efficiently utilized. However, the results show that fertilizer, labour, agrochemical, farm size, age, household size, education, farming experience, awareness of climate change and access to climate information had significant effects on the profit efficiency of rice farmers in the study area. The study recommended that since the area has a great potential to increase rice production and farmers’ income, efforts should be made by encouraging rice farmers to intensify the use of improved varieties of rice in order to increase their output. Now that the present administration change agenda is geared towards agriculture, youths in the country could be encouraged by government at all levels and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) to venture into rice farming agribusiness that will serve as potential employment source.
Prognosis of Covid-19 according to Pneumonia Types
Authors: Onur Bayrakçi
Published: February 2022

Background: Pneumonia is defined  infection affecting lower respiratory tracts and lung parenchyma. According to morphology in pneumonia imaging; categorized as lobar, bronchopneumonia (lobular), and interstitial pneumonia. Covid 19 is a severe disease that causes lung damage.

Aims: In this study, it was aimed to relate patients hospitalized in Covid 19 wards with prognosis and mortality according to pneumonia types.

Study Design: This study was done between 1 August and 30 September 2021 in Ersin Arslan Training and Research Hospital Covid Wards. The patients were examined retrospectively.

Methodology: The study included with positive PCR test, 18 age and more than, with lung involvoment in CT. Patients' age, gender, pneumonia types according to CT, how many lobes affected in the lung, rate of involvement of each lobe, admission in Intensive-care and mortality were analyzed. Chi Square Test was used in the statistical analysis of the data.

Results: A total of 243 patients were evaluated. The mean age was 56.7±2.02. In the patients 45.6% were male and 54.4% female (±0.06). 76.5% of the patients had a history of chronic disease (most often hypertension). According to the types of pneumonia in CT; it was 51.8% lobular, 44.8% interstitial and 3.4% lobar. In CT, it were affect five lobes 68.7%, four lobes 10.6%, three lobes 9%, two lobes 3.7%, and one lobe  8% in the lung. In the study, 20.9% of the patients were admitted to the Intensive-care unit and 11.5% died.

Conclusion: In patients hospitalized in wards; Covid-19 is more often in females. Although it is more often in the 40-60 ages, the 20-40 ages range is related with intensive care admission. A history of chronic disease is related with a poor prognosis. More than 50% involvement of 2 lobes in lobar pneumonia, 3 lobes in lobular pneumonia and only 1 lobe in interstitial pneumonia is related with intensive care. Interstitial pneumonia is related with a poor prognosis according to pneumonia types in Covid-19.
Inoculation of Maize with 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Containing Pseudomonas fluorescens for Enhanced Available Nutrients in Soils of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Jakhar S. R. , Mitra N. G. , Sahu R. K. , Baghel S. S. , Yaduwanshi B. , Bangre J.
Published: February 2022

A field and lab experiment entitled “Kinetics of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic -deaminase (ACCD) activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens, its population growth under different fermentation conditions and performance of the selected isolates on maize” was conducted at Laboratory of Microbes Research & Production Centre (MRPC) and the Research Farm, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh during 2018-19. The results revealed that the available nitrogen (N) content in soil at knee height, tasseling and silking stage, the treatment combination Temperature 28oC and pH 7.2 (T28+pH 7.2) isolates significantly increase the N content in soil with response of 21.5,17.3 and 14.4% over FUI (209, 196 and 166 kg N ha-1), respectively. Similarly, the isolates of T28+pH 7.2 significantly increase the available phosphorus (P) content at knee height, tasseling and silking stage in soil with response of 31.7, 23.2 and 26.4% over FUI (18.0,16.4 and 14.4 kg P ha-1). The isolates of T28+pH 7.2 significantly increase the available potassium (K) content in soil at knee height, tasseling and silking stage with response of 14.4, 10.1 and 10.4% over FUI (298, 278 and 264 kg K ha-1).
Study of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) by Shear-wave Elastoraphy in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Kasireddy Shivamsh R. , Patil Virendra C. , Damle Avanti J.
Published: February 2022

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is well known to have a strong association with metabolic syndrome. The degree of liver fibrosis is related to the clinical course and prognosis. Shear-wave elastography (SWE) provides a precise non-invasive staging of the degree of liver fibrosis in NAFLD. 

Aims and objectives: To study Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by Shear-Wave Elastography (SWE) in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Material and methods: This was a single centre, retrospective, comparative study done on patients with MetS in 100 in a tertiary care hospital over period of 18 months from October 2019 to March 2021. Enrolled patients underwent conventional ultrasonography (USG), point SWE (pSWE), fasting blood sugar, post-prandial blood sugar, glycosylated HbA1c, lipid profile, LFTs. Appropriate statistical tests were applied using SPSS v21 for analysis and p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Mean age was 55.8 (SD±15.34). Majority belonged to age group 51-65 years (33%). Grade 3 fatty liver (steatosis) on USG had 3.39 times independently (OR:3.39,p=0.043) more chance of having significant fibrosis or cirrhosis(F3-F4) by SWE over those who do not have fatty liver (steatosis) on USG. Those with 4 components of MetS had 6 times (OR:6.04,p=0.003) and those with 5 components had 13.7 (OR:13.768,p=0.001) times more chance of having significant fibrosis or cirrhosis(F3-F4) by SWE over those who have 3 components independently.

Conclusion: Increasing number of components of MetS and steatosis (fatty liver grade) on USG were independently associated with higher grades of fibrosis by SWE.
Colposcopic Evaluation of Cervical Lesions with Swede Score and its Correlation with Histopathology
Authors: Sharma Chirag R. , Kshirsagar N. S.
Published: February 2022

Background & Objectives: Cervical cancer is the second most frequent cancer in India, with an estimated yearly diagnosis of 1, 23,907 women and 77,348 fatalities. The prevalence of cervical cancer remains high in poorer nations owing to budget constraints and a lack of access to healthcare. By evaluating cervical lesions colposcopically, this study sought to determine the validity of the Swede score.

Methods: The cross-sectional analytical study lasted two years, from July 2019 to July 2021, at Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad. 162 women who met the selection criteria underwent colposcopy after informed consent. The suspicious site was biopsied and submitted for histopathology. The Swede score was subsequently validated using histopathology.

Results: With a Swede score of 5 as the cut-off, 108 (97.30 %) of 111 patients with a score of <5 had a normal or low-grade lesion, while just 3 (2.70 %) had high grade lesion. 51 patients with a score greater than 5, 15 (12.20%) had a low-grade lesion and 36 (92.30%) had high-grade lesion.

Using the Swede score of 8 as a cut-off, 123 (87.90%) of 140 patients had a normal or low-grade lesion, whereas 17 (12.1%) had a high-grade lesion. There were high grade lesions in all 22 patients with score of >8.

Interpretation & Conclusions: The test group at Swede score cut-off 5 exhibited a sensitivity of 92.31 % and a specificity of 87.80 % to the gold standard of histopathology. Comparing the test group's Swede score at cut-off 8 to histopathology yielded a sensitivity of 56.41% and specificity of 100%.
DNA as a Recyclable Natural Polymer
Authors: Liu Weina , Giaveri Simone , Ortiz Daniel , Stellacci Francesco
Published: February 2022

Nature has the ability of circularly re‐using its components to produce the molecules and materials it needs. An example is the ability of most living organisms of digesting proteins they feed off into amino acids and then using such amino acids in the ribosomal synthesis of new proteins. Recently, it has been shown that such recycling of proteins can be reproduced outside living organisms. The key proteins’ feature that allows for this type of recycling is their being sequence‐defined polymers. Arguably, nature's most famous sequence‐defined polymer is DNA. Here it is shown that it is possible, starting from sheared calf‐DNA, to obtain all four nucleotides as monophosphate‐nucleotides (dNMPs). These dNMPs are phosphorylated in a one‐pot, multi‐enzymes, phosphorylation reaction to generate triphosphate‐nucleotides (dNTPs). Finally, dNTPs so achieved (with a global yield of ∼60%) are used as reagents for PCR (polymerase chain reaction) to produce target DNA strands, and for the diagnosis of targeted DNA by quantitative PCR (qPCR). This approach is an efficient, convenient, and environmentally friendly way to produce dNTPs and DNA through recycling according to the paradigm of a circular economy.
XERUS: An Open‐Source Tool for Quick XRD Phase Identification and Refinement Automation
Authors: Baptista de Castro Pedro , Terashima Kensei , Esparza Echevarria Miren Garbine , Takeya Hiroyuki , Takano Yoshihiko
Published: February 2022

Analysis of X‐ray diffraction patterns is one of the keystones of materials science and materials research. With the advancement of data‐driven methods for materials design, candidate materials can be quickly screened for the study of a desired physical property. Efficient methods to automatically analyze and identify phases present in a given pattern are paramount for the success of this new paradigm. To aid this process, the open‐source python package Xray Estimation and Refinement Using Similarity (XERUS) for semi‐automatic/automatic phase identification is presented. XERUS takes advantage of open crystal structure databases, not relying on proprietary databases, to obtain crystal structures on the fly, being then chemical space agnostic. By wrapping around GSASII scriptable, it can automatically simulate patterns and calculate similarity measures used for phase identification. This approach is simple and quick but also applicable to multiphase identification, by coupling the similarity calculations with quick refinements followed by an iterative peak removal process. XERUS is shown in action in four different experimental datasets, and also it is benchmarked against a recently proposed deep learning method for a mixture dataset covering the Li‐Mn‐O‐F chemical space.
In‐situ curing of3Dprinted freestanding thermosets
Authors: Gao Chongjie , Qiu Jingjing , Wang Shiren
Published: February 2022

Direct‐ink‐writing (DIW) provides a high‐efficiency way for thermoset printing while rapid in‐situ curing has a significant role in manufacturing rate, quality, performance, and flexibility. In this review, in‐situ curing methods that can be integrated into DIW were discussed, including frontal polymerization, electromagnetic heating, photochemistry, electron beam, and resistance heating curing. The in‐situ process monitoring and curing kinetic analysis technologies such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS), ultrasonic dynamic mechanical analysis (UDMA), fluorescence spectroscopy, were briefly presented. The working mechanism and features of these characterization measurements are studied. Furthermore, machine learning and other artificial intelligence tools used for the optimization of printing materials, topology design, printing path, and defect detection sensitivity are reviewed. Finally, some future research directions for the DIW and in‐situ curing of thermosets are addressed.
The Stannum–Ene Reactions of Benzyne and Cyclohexyne with Superb Chemoselectivity for Cyclohexyne
Authors: Li Lianggui , Shan Chunhui , Shi Jiarong , Li Wensheng , Lan Yu , Li Yang
Published: February 2022

The stannum–ene reactions of both benzyne and cyclohexyne were realized, which is particularly suitable for cyclohexyne with a broad substrate scope and excellent chemoselectivity. Our DFT calculations via distortion/interaction analysis revealed that both stannum– and hydrogen–ene reactions with cyclohexyne have later transition states due to their higher distortion energies in the transition states than those in benzyne reactions, which lead to enhanced Pauli repulsion as the decisive factor in the interaction energy accompanied with enlarged energy gap between two types of ene reactions. Therefore, excellent chemoselectivity was disclosed in the cyclohexyne–ene reaction.
In silico analyses of the human sperm‐specific antigen 2 and its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Khowal Sapna , Wajid Saima
Published: February 2022

Oral cancer is a serious threat to humans worldwide. The frequently diagnosed form of oral cancer is oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The major etiologies of OSCC are the chemical constituents/carcinogens found in tobacco, areca nut, and alcohol. The sperm‐specific antigen 2 (SSFA2) is a crucial human gene and encodes for a protein that communicates between InsP3Rs and the cytoskeleton, regulating the cellular molecular pathways. This study analyzed the role of SSFA2 in OSCC using a computational approach. First, the evolutionarily conserved attributes of human SSFA2 canonical protein (HSCP) were scrutinized, followed by its comparison with human SSFA2 noncanonical proteins (HSNCPs); in addition, the transcript variants encoding for HSCP and HSNCP were also analyzed for sequence disparities. Molecular docking (iGEMDOCK) was performed for predicting HSCP residues interacting with OSCC carcinogens and OSCC therapeutants. Further, the protein interactome of HSCP was analyzed using Cytoscape. >70% amino acids (AAs) in HSCP were evolutionarily conserved; the AAs in the N‐terminal and C‐terminal regions were more conserved than that in the middle region of the protein. The 12 transcript and protein variants encoded by the human SSFA2 showed substantial differences in their sequences. Additionally, the human SSFA2 protein variants showed disparities in their secondary and tertiary structures. Molecular docking showed favorable interaction of carcinogens and therapeutants with the N‐terminus, middle region, and C‐terminus residues of HSCP, highlighting its strong candidature as the therapeutic target in oral malignancy. The structure and protein interactome analyses of HSCP predicted its diverse functionalities in the cell environment. Also, the sequence and structure heterogeneity present between HSCP and HSNCPs implies their varying functional attributes/roles in normal and/or diseased physiologies.
Uptake and time‐dependent subcellular localization of native and micellar curcumin in intestinal cells
Authors: Flory Sandra , Benz Ann‐Kathrin , Frank Jan
Published: February 2022

Uptake into intestinal cells and intracellular distribution into metabolically competent organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, are important processes potentially limiting the bioavailability of xenobiotics. The incorporation of curcumin into polysorbate 80 micelles improves its naturally low oral bioavailability in humans. Here, we investigated uptake and time‐dependent localization of curcumin in intestinal cells when administered as native or micellar formulation. Differentiated Caco‐2 cells were incubated with 200 μmol/L native or micellar curcumin for up to 180 min and cellular uptake was quantified. Intracellular curcumin was detected already after 30 min and did not differ significantly between formulations or over time. Subcellular localization of native and micellar curcumin in Caco‐2 cells was studied by density gradient centrifugation. After 30 min, curcumin from both formulations was mainly associated with mitochondria and lysosomes, after 180 min native curcumin was associated with mitochondria and peroxisomes, micellar curcumin with peroxisomes only. Uptake and localization of native and micellar curcumin in intestinal cells do not differ significantly and consequently do not explain differences in bioavailability in humans. The temporary co‐localization with lysosomes is in agreement with the previously proposed role of endocytosis in cellular uptake of curcumin and warrants further investigation.
Antioxidant Activities and Allelopathic Potential of Chonemorpha splendens Chun et Tsiang Stem Methanol Extract
Authors: Fu Jiantao , Zhao Xu , Wang Lanying , Zhang Yunfei , Luo Yanping
Published: February 2022

Finding agriculturally active compounds from nature or finding active lead compounds from natural products, artificial synthesis and structural modification are the main ways to create new agrochemical. In order to explore the agricultural activities of Chonemorpha splendens Chun et Tsiang (C. splendens), an important medicinal plant, the antioxidant activities and allelopathic potential were investigated. C. splendens was extracted with methanol, then, C. splendens methanol extract (CSME) were extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol. Reducing activity, lipid peroxidation, and the scavenging abilities for DPPH⋅, O2−., HO⋅, and H2O2 were also measured and allelopathic potentials were evaluated by bioassay method. GC/MS analysis revealed that esters were the main component (66.34 %) of CSME, the total CSME flavonoid content was 313 mg g−1 (rutin equivalent). The chloroform phase of CSME was identified as stigmasterol by NMR for the first time. The DPPH⋅ scavenging rate of CSME was 87 %, with an IC50 value of 0.12±0.02 mg mL−1, which was significantly difference from the positive control, Trolox. Chloroform fraction showed the strongest inhibitory effect against Mimosa pudica (MP) seed germination at 1.0 mg mL−1 (100 % inhibition), which was better than that of the chemical herbicide paraquat. In the seed growth experiment, systematic EC50 and the principal component analysis (PCA) were used to assess the allelopathic potential of extracts. The systematic EC50 values of Crotalaria pallida Ait. (CP), Bidens pilosa L. (BP) were significantly greater than MP. MP, Oryza sativa L. (OS) and Lactuca satiua L., (LS) inhibited all parameters. Our results would provide an idea for controlling weeds through allelopathy from C. splendens to reduce dependency on synthetic herbicides.
Diverse Triterpenoids from Mastic Produced by Pistacia lentiscus and Their Anti‐Inflammatory Activities
Authors: Yu Yi‐Hu , Feng Ya‐Ping , Liu Wei , Yuan Tao
Published: February 2022

Eight undescribed triterpenoids (1–8), including one apotirucallane‐type triterpenoid (1), six tirucallane‐type triterpenoids (2–7), and one oleanane‐type triterpenoid (8), along with ten known compounds (9–18) were isolated from the resins of Pistacia lentiscus. Their structures were elucidated by integrating NMR spectroscopic analyses and ESI‐HR‐MS. Compounds 5, 11–17 exhibited moderate inhibitory abilities against NO production in LPS‐induced RAW264.7 cells, with IC50 values in the range of 18.26–50.37 μM, compared to that of the positive control dexamethasone (IC50=20.24 μM).
Transcatheter mitral valve repair in patient with atrial functional mitral regurgitation using novel DragonFly™ device
Authors: Liu Xianbao , Chen Yuwen , Lim David Scott , Wang Jian'an
Published: February 2022

We report the first case of transcatheter mitral valve repair with the novel DragonFly™ device, a transcatheter edge‐to‐edge mitral regurgitation (MR) repair device, in a patient with severe, symptomatic MR due to annular dilation from atrial functional disease (Carpentier type I). The patient had experienced multiple heart failure events and was unsuitable for surgery due to pulmonary dysfunction and obesity.