bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creating Time and Space for the Intersection of Climatological Disasters and Racial Inequalities Curricula in the Classroom
Authors: DeVincenzo Joshua L. , Ahmadi Tina , Buena Lea , Zapata Daisy , Han Sori , Tingley Christopher , Panwar Himanshu , Gan Linfan
Published: January 2025

Racial disparities and climatological disasters are complex topics rarely addressed in K-12 curricula. Each topic has long been neglected vis-à-vis a pedagogy that has either lagged behind contemporary issues or has intentionally sidestepped the importance of addressing these themes through legal and policy mechanisms that limit educators’ ability to discuss each topic. When it comes to students and communities of color in the U.S. who are unequally vulnerable to and affected by the impacts of climate change, it is a significant disservice not to provide fundamental learning opportunities that allow students to engage and contribute to the discourse surrounding these pressing issues. This project was intended to support educators and administrators in implementing pedagogy around these topics conducive to curriculum standards and explicitly developed content for students in grades 8-12. The research question was, “How can the racial inequalities of disaster vulnerability and recovery be addressed in the classroom effectively to build a comprehensive knowledge base, to educate and empower a generation of students who will experience considerably more climatological disasters in the future?"
Community Involvement in COVID-19 Management: A Central Component of Comprehensive Public Health Responses to COVID-19 and Future Health Crises
Authors: Aghakhani Nader , Ewalds-Kvist Béatrice Marianne , Azami Mehdi , Amini Rarani Saeid
Published: January 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic is highly contagious, with symptoms such as myalgia, cough, fever, and weakness, posing a greater risk to older adults and individuals with chronic conditions. Effective management requires meaningful community involvement to reduce health inequalities and ensure people-centered health care. Engaging local voices, including leaders, health care professionals, and vulnerable populations, enhances decision-making, transparent communication, and resource mobilization. A whole-community approach, involving collaboration across various sectors, strengthens prevention, testing, and recovery efforts. By prioritizing vulnerable groups and adapting interventions to local contexts, community engagement plays a vital role in addressing the pandemic’s challenges and building a resilient health care system. This strategy not only aids in managing the current crisis but also prepares public health systems for future emergencies, emphasizing equity and comprehensive public health responses.
Post-Traumatic Symptoms and Sleep Problems in Children and Adolescents after Twin Earthquakes in Turkey
Authors: Koçak Hatice Serap , Kiliç Fedli Emre , Kaplan Serin Emine
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Earthquakes cause great destruction due to their suddenness and intensity. Although all people are affected by earthquakes, children are among those most affected. Every year, millions of children and young people are exposed to many natural disasters and are affected differently. Earthquakes can cause physical, mental, and sleep disorders in children. The aim of this study is to investigate the post-traumatic response and its effects on sleep on child and adolescent earthquake survivors living in the earthquake zone in Turkey.

Methods

This research was carried out between June and August 2023 as a descriptive and cross-sectional study. A total of 230 earthquake survivor children from Adıyaman were included in the study. Personal information forms, the Child Posttraumatic Stress Reaction Index (CPTS-RI), and the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) were used to collect data.

Results

It was determined that the scale scores of the children who were financially affected by the earthquake, who were injured, and who were under the rubble were higher (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

It was observed that more than half of the children had severe trauma and had sleep disorders. Children who experience trauma from an earthquake have more sleep disorders. For this reason, in addition to emergency aid and interventions in earthquakes, arrangements should be made for the mental health of children and social and psychological support should be provided.
Temporal Trends in Treatment Interruption among the Victims of Heavy Rain Disasters in Japan: Findings from Emergency Medical Team Data
Authors: Nakamura Yuichi , Fukunaga Ami , Nagata Tatsuhiro , Chimed-Ochir Odgerel , Yumiya Yui , Taji Akihiro , Akahoshi Kouki , Toyokuni Yoshiki , Chishima Kayako , Mimura Seiji , Wakai Akinori , Kondo Hisayoshi , Koido Yuichi , Kubo Tatsuhiko
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Treatment interruptions in disaster victims are concerning, owing to an increase in natural disasters and the growing elderly population with chronic conditions. This study examined the temporal trends in treatment interruptions among victims of 2 recent major heavy rain disasters in Japan: West Japan heavy rain in 2018 and Kumamoto heavy rain in 2020.

Methods

Data for this study were derived from the national standardized medical data collection system called the “Japan Surveillance in Post-Extreme Emergencies and Disasters.” Joinpoint regression analysis was performed to examine the daily trends in treatment interruptions reported soon after each disaster onset.

Results

A total of 144 and 87 treatment interruption cases were observed in the heavily affected areas of the West Japan heavy rain in 2018 and Kumamoto heavy rain in 2020, respectively. In both disasters, a high number of treatment interruption cases were observed on the first day after the disaster. Joinpoint regression analysis showed that trends in the percentage of treatment interruptions differed between the 2 disasters at different disaster scales.

Conclusions

The findings suggest the importance of a prompt response to treatment interruptions in the immediate aftermath of a disaster and consideration of the specific characteristics of the disaster when planning for disaster preparedness and response.
Skip-WaveNet: a wavelet based multi-scale architecture to trace snow layers in radar echograms
Authors: Varshney Debvrat , Yari Masoud , Ibikunle Oluwanisola , Li Jilu , Paden John , Gangopadhyay Aryya , Rahnemoonfar Maryam
Published: January 2025

Airborne radar sensors capture the profile of snow layers present on top of an ice sheet. Accurate tracking of these layers is essential to calculate their thicknesses, which are required to investigate the contribution of polar ice cap melt to sea-level rise. However, automatically processing the radar echograms to detect the underlying snow layers is a challenging problem. In our work, we develop wavelet-based multi-scale deep learning architectures for these radar echograms to improve snow layer detection. These architectures estimate the layer depths with a mean absolute error of 3.31 pixels and 94.3% average precision, achieving higher generalizability as compared to state-of-the-art snow layer detection networks. These depth estimates also agree well with physically drilled stake measurements. Such robust architectures can be used on echograms from future missions to efficiently trace snow layers, estimate their individual thicknesses, and thus support sea-level rise projection models.
Knowledge-driven neural models for extraction and analysis of sustainability events from the web
Authors: Naskar Abir , Goel Tushar , Chauhan Vipul , Verma Ishan , Dasgupta Tirthankar , Dey Lipika
Published: January 2025

Sustainability practices of a company reflect its commitments to the environment, societal good, and good governance. Institutional investors take these into account for decision-making purposes, since these factors are known to affect public opinion and thereby the stock indices of companies. Though sustainability score is usually derived from information available in self-published reports, News articles published by regulatory agencies and social media posts also contain critical information that may affect the image of a company. Language technologies have a critical role to play in the analytics process. In this paper, we present an event detection model for detecting sustainability-related incidents and violations from reports published by various monitoring and regulatory agencies. The proposed model uses a multi-tasking sequence labeling architecture that works with transformer-based document embeddings. We have created a large annotated corpus containing relevant articles published over three years (2015–2018) for training and evaluating the model. Knowledge about sustainability practices and reporting incidents using the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standards have been used for the above task. The proposed event detection model achieves high accuracy in detecting sustainability incidents and violations reported about an organization, as measured using cross-validation techniques. The model is thereafter applied to articles published from 2019 to 2022, and insights obtained through aggregated analysis of incidents identified from them are also presented in the paper. The proposed model is envisaged to play a significant role in sustainability monitoring by detecting organizational violations as soon as they are reported by regulatory agencies and thereby supplement the Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) scores issued by third-party agencies.
The promise of neuromorphic edge AI for rural environmental monitoring
Authors: Aral Atakan
Published: January 2025

Edge AI is the fusion of edge computing and artificial intelligence (AI). It promises responsiveness, privacy preservation, and fault tolerance by moving parts of the AI workflow from centralized cloud data centers to geographically dispersed edge servers, which are located at the source of the data. The scale of edge AI can vary from simple data preprocessing tasks to the whole machine learning stack. However, most edge AI implementations so far are limited to urban areas, where the infrastructure is highly dependable. This work instead focuses on a class of applications involved in environmental monitoring in remote, rural areas such as forests and rivers. Such applications have additional challenges, including failure proneness and access to the electricity grid and communication networks. We propose neuromorphic computing as a promising solution to the energy, communication, and computation constraints in such scenarios and identify directions for future research in neuromorphic edge AI for rural environmental monitoring. Proposed directions are distributed model synchronization, edge-only learning, aerial networks, spiking neural networks, and sensor integration.
The Pre-Removal Detention of Immigrants: A Return to Ordinary Meaning
Authors: Schotel Bas , Venzke Ingo
Published: January 2025

The EU Return Directive demands that immigrant detention be as short as possible, but, by logical implication, this also means that detention can be as long as necessary. What concerns the maximum length of detention, the Return Directive is remarkably generous: Immigrants can be detained for a period of up to eighteen months—a deprivation of liberty that is otherwise justified only as punishment for serious crimes. The practice of such long-term detention, now burgeoning, is highly questionable for moral, practical, and—our focus—legal reasons.

The European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR) provides the relevant yardstick. While discussions on the legality of immigrant detention have focused on requirements of necessity, we shift attention towards the surprisingly absent question of maximum duration. Our analysis delves into the drafting context of the ECHR to reveal that it only authorizes the pre-removal detention of immigrants for markedly short periods. Picking up the interpretative canon of the regime, we note that meanings can of course change, but we argue that it is a legal mistake to consider that long-term detention is now sanctioned by the Convention.
Multi-parametric characterization of proton bunches above 50 MeV generated by helical coil targets
Authors: Martin P. , Ahmed H. , Cavanagh O. , Ferguson S. , Green J. S. , Greenwood B. , Odlozilik B. , Borghesi M. , Kar S.
Published: January 2025

Tightly focused proton beams generated from helical coil targets have been shown to be highly collimated across small distances, and display characteristic spectral bunching. We show, for the first time, proton spectra from such targets at high resolution via a Thomson parabola spectrometer. The proton spectral peaks reach energies above 50 MeV, with cutoffs approaching 70 MeV and particle numbers greater than 10

${}^{10}$

. The spectral bunch width has also been measured as low as approximately 8.5 MeV (17% energy spread). The proton beam pointing and divergence measured at metre-scale distances are found to be stable with the average pointing stability below 10 mrad, and average half-angle beam divergences of approximately 6 mrad. Evidence of the influence of the final turn of the coil on beam pointing over long distances is also presented, corroborated by particle tracing simulations, indicating the scope for further improvement and control of the beam pointing with modifying target parameters.
Modernization of Ukrainian Trademark Law: A New Generation of Protection
Authors: Mykhailiuk Galyna , DiMatteo Larry A.
Published: January 2025

This article examines the current state of Ukrainian trademark law to enhance further Ukrainian integration into the European and global intellectual property law systems. Ukraine must be seen as a jurisdiction with a high level of trademark protection, as the momentum has swung in favor of Ukraine's admission to the European Union (EU). It also serves as a case study of a country transitioning from an older, obsolete trademark system to a modern one. The article explores the facets of trademark law, both substantive and procedural, that make up a modern, progressive trademark protection law system. The article uses United States (US) and EU trademark laws as benchmarks to compare the development of Ukraine's law on the subject. It explores recent legislative reforms and existing proposals to enhance trademark protection. Particular attention is paid to the 2020 and 2023 Amendments that recognize trademark dilution as a separate cause of action and provide a more precise delineation of the fair use of a trademark, as well as the modernization of the registration process and actions related to trademark opposition and infringement. Additionally, issues related to the revocation, invalidity, and enforcement of trademarks are analyzed. The article concludes that, when fully implemented, the existing intellectual property reform legislation will improve the efficiency of trademark protection in Ukraine.
Persons Who Commit Military Property Theft: The Case of Ukraine
Authors: Sobko Ganna , Reznichenko Hanna , Mukoida Ruslan , Svintsytskyi Andrii , Padalka Andrii
Published: January 2025

This article aims to analyze the characteristics of individuals who commit military property theft while their country is at war. For nearly two years, Ukraine has been at war, and for nearly nine years, the country has been living under the regime of an antiterrorist operation, later transitioning to the operation of combined forces. However, some citizens’ attitudes towards military property and its preservation have not changed.

This article examines key issues in characterizing the individual who commits military property theft and bears responsibility for their actions. Emphasis is placed on applied cognition methods and the Ukrainian researchers’ attitudes towards analyzing the typical characteristics of an individual who appropriates military property during wartime. Additionally, the normative-legal framework regulating the actions of subjects (perpetrators) of military theft crime is explored.

It is argued that the specific norm under Ukraine's criminal responsibility law is applied based on the type of crime for which the person will subsequently be held accountable. According to the general rule, only a person who has reached the age of 18 can be considered a military ‘entity’; however, the article challenges this position and suggests alternative possibilities for holding a person accountable based on age. The article also examines holding foreign military personnel accountable, which is particularly relevant for a country in a state of war.

The age and social status of individuals committing military property theft are examined using statistical indicators from the Office of the Prosecutor General from 2018 to 2021, which allowed the tracking of changes in the commissions of specific types of military property theft. These trends are also represented visually in diagrams. The article specifically delves into those individuals who commit administrative offenses involving the misappropriation or unlawful use of military property, which is the subject of special administrative liability under article 172-13 of Ukraine's Administrative Offenses Code. Following that, we present data from our survey of 1,273 respondents. Along with these aspects, the article discusses the matter of complicity between military personnel and civilians and provides court decisions as examples. Finally, the authors recommend expanding the accountability of individuals who misappropriate military property.
Accountability of Public Officials for Committing Criminal Offenses Against Justice
Authors: Vorontsov Andrii , Semenyshyn Mykola , Chernetska Olena , Zalievska Iryna , Yehorov Serhii
Published: January 2025

The relevance of the topic lies in the fact that, despite the high standards established by Ukraine's criminal justice policy for the activities of law enforcement agencies, the situation in the field of criminal proceedings has several negative phenomena. Comparative legal analysis allows for the assessment of national criminal legislation development by comparing the norms of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the criminal codes of other countries. Particularly, an examination of current legislation in post-Soviet and foreign countries leads to the conclusion that the institution of criminal responsibility is regulated differently in different countries and in different legal systems. The findings of this study could aid in the development of appropriate models for improving the national legal system and developing a systematic approach to the theory and practice of applying these norms.
The relationship between temperament with nutritional status and anthropometric measurements in adult individuals
Authors: Icer Mehmet Arif , Çelik Elif , Köse Aybike Gizem , Gezmen-Karadag Makbule
Published: January 2025

Interest in studies examining the effect of temperament types on nutrition has recently increased. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between nine types of temperament, anthropometric measurements, and nutrition in adults. This study was conducted on 1317 individuals aged between 18 and 55 years. Descriptive information, dietary habits and anthropometric measurements of the participants were questioned. The Nine Types of Temperament Scale was administered to the individuals and food consumption records were obtained with a 24-hour retrospective reminder method. Type 2 scores of obese participants were higher than those of underweight and normal body weight; Type 8 scores of overweight participants were higher than those of normal body weight. Daily dietary intake of protein, riboflavin, folate, vitamins K, C, calcium, iron, and cholesterol were negatively associated with Type 1 score; protein, magnesium, iron, zinc intake, and water consumption were negatively associated with Type 2 score. Type 3 score was negatively associated with dietary CHO (%), dietary magnesium, iron, and zinc intake and positively associated with water consumption. The results of the study indicate significant relationships between temperament types, dietary habits, and anthropometric measures. In this context, considering temperament types when planning dietary patterns of individuals may be a new approach.
Avicennian DDS: the divine essence, knowledge, and power
Authors: Dadikhuda Davlat
Published: January 2025

In the Islamic tradition, there’s a long standing controversy over the relationship between God’s attributes and His essence, giving rise to diverse theories with significant theological implications. In one respect, these views are broadly categorizable into three: A1, the doctrine of divine complexity (DDC), A2, the doctrine of divine simplicity (DDS), and B, the doctrine of divine anonymity (DDA). The entry focuses on DDS, specifically explaining the Avicennian version, and defends it against some objections from some recent DDC proponents.
Ibrāhīm b. Yaʿqūb al-Saʿdī al-Jūzjānī (d. 259/873?) and his Aḥwāl al-rijāl: an early systematic approach to Rijāl criticism
Authors: Su I-Wen
Published: January 2025

This article presents the first complete biography in English of the early hadith critic al-Jūzjānī (d. 259/873?), in addition to a thorough analysis of his work Aḥwāl al-rijāl, the earliest Syngramma dedicated to the genre of al-jarḥ wa-l-taʿdīl. Through a detailed examination of al-Jūzjānī's engagement with the opinions of earlier hadith critics, his use of the terms of hadith criticism and his own remarks, this article delineates his conception of the function of hadith, methodological framework and approach to the appraisal of hadith transmitters, arguing that al-Jūzjānī may have been the first and only hadith scholar to methodically incorporate the consideration of transmitters’ conformity to the “correct” doctrines in hadith criticism. His methodological innovation, however, departs from existing convention among ahl al-ḥadīth. As a result, although al-Jūzjānī's authority as a hadith critic was well recognized, his approach failed to appeal to succeeding contributors to hadith criticism.
Myths of trauma and myths of cooperation: Diverse consequences of history for societal cohesion
Authors: Bilewicz Michał , Bilewicz Aleksandra
Published: January 2025

We propose that historical myths fall into two distinctive categories: Traumatic and cooperative. Traumatic myths, highlighting collective suffering, can undermine trust and foster conspiracy theories, whereas cooperative myths, emphasizing collective action, enhance group cohesion and within-group coalition building. Psychological and sociological evidence supports these divergent impacts of historical myths both in nations and social movements.
The social identity approach offers a more parsimonious and complete explanation of historical myths’ function and characteristics
Authors: Kardos Peter
Published: January 2025

The social identity approach offers a more parsimonious and more comprehensive explanation for historical myths’ assumed coalition-building function than the target article's proposed mechanism based on fitness interdependence. Target article's assertion that social identity theory cannot explain certain characteristics of historical myths is based on a narrow interpretation of the social identity approach.
Myths and prestige in Hindu nationalist politics
Authors: Sarkar Radha , Sarkar Amar
Published: January 2025

Sijilmassi et al. offer a myth-based framework that is particularly useful in understanding the rising tide of Hindu nationalism in contemporary India. We propose that the success of these myths lies partly in drawing upon the evolved human capacity for prestige-based status to induce a sense of belonging and identification with high-prestige Hindu social groups.
The Trojan horse of historical myths: Emotion-driven narratives as a strategy for coalitional recruitment
Authors: Pelletier Petra , Fay Nicolas
Published: January 2025

Sijilmassi et al. offer a cognitive account of historical myths, which they present as a cognitive technology designed to recruit coalitional support. We argue this account is incomplete, and that a comprehensive explanation of historical myths must include a central role for human emotions. In particular, emotion-driven narratives have the capacity to recruit coalitional support, which is critical to large-scale human cooperation and social cohesion.
Limited evidence that fitness interdependence produces historical origin myths
Authors: Wimmer Andreas
Published: January 2025

This commentary points out some theoretical lacuna in the argument and then evaluates, in a preliminary way, its main comparative empirical hypotheses. It finds very limited support for the observable implications of the evolutionary theory. By contrast, the historical remoteness of foundational myths is closely associated with how long a society has been ruled by a centralized state, pointing at the important role of political history.
“We are one people”: Group myths also draw cues from self-concept formation
Authors: Elster Eli , Glowacki Luke
Published: January 2025

Sijilmassi et al. suggest that group myths explaining the shared history of a people succeed and propagate by leveraging cognitive cues from fitness interdependence. We offer an alternative and mutually compatible account rooting the success of group myths in cues from a different cognitive domain: The development of self-concepts.
Historical myths define group boundaries: A mathematical sketch and evidence from Ukraine
Authors: Zefferman Matthew R. , Smaldino Paul E.
Published: January 2025

The authors' proposal for the evolutionary origins of historical myths does not hold up to scrutiny, as illustrated by a simple mathematical model. Group-level explanations, such as defining the conditions for in-group membership, are dismissed by the authors but are far more plausible, as illustrated by the ongoing war in Ukraine.
Coalitional psychology and the evolution of nationalistic cultures
Authors: Sijilmassi Amine , Safra Lou , Baumard Nicolas
Published: January 2025

The commentaries addressed various aspects of our account of historical myths. We respond by clarifying the evolutionary theory of coalitional psychology that underlies our claims (R1). This addresses concerns about the role of fitness interdependence in large groups (R2), cultural transmission processes (R3), alternative routes to nation-building (R4) and the role of proximal mechanisms (R5). Finally, we evaluate alternative theories (R6) and discuss directions for future research (R7).
Whose Struggle? Armenian Socialist Parties and the Women Workers’ Union in Adapazarı during the Second Constitutional Period
Authors: van Os Nicole A.N.M. , Cora Yaşar Tolga
Published: January 2025

In this article, we examine the labor activism and struggle of Armenian women working in the silk industry around Adapazarı, to the east of Istanbul, in the early 1910s. Although labor activism in the aftermath of the Constitutional Revolution of 1908 has received ample attention of scholars, these women and their struggle remained un(der)examined.

We focus on how these female workers organized and in particular on the Adapazarı Silk Workers’ Union (in Armenian: Adapazarı Medaksi Kordzaworagan Miutiwn) and its relations with the (male dominated) Armenian socialist activist organizations of the period. As such, it contextualizes these women’s activism within the broader social activism of post-revolutionary Ottoman society. We show that these women not only stood up against the factory owners but, at times, also against Armenian socialists from whom they on the one hand received support but who, on the other hand, tried to control them by denying them autonomy.

The article sits at the crossroad of social, labor and women’s history and the history of one of the larger ethno-religious communities in the Ottoman Empire, the Armenians. Using Armenian- and French-language sources, it significantly expands our knowledge about a hitherto ignored group of women workers and their activism in the late Ottoman Empire. Moreover, as the workers, socialist activists, and factory owners were mainly Armenians, the article also enhances our knowledge on labor activism and revolutionary politics within the Armenian community and how these were located within the broader society of the late Ottoman Empire.
Different variables hold varying significance from childhood to adolescence
Authors: Kubota Maki , Goto Yuka , Kurokawa Satsuki , Matsuoka Yuko , Otani Masashi , Rothman Jason
Published: January 2025

The current study examined the comprehension and production of classifiers, case marking, and morphological passive structures among 414 child Japanese heritage speakers (mean age = 10.01 years; range = 4.02 – 18.18). Focusing on individual differences, we extracted latent experiential factors via the Q-BEx questionnaire (De Cat, Kašćelan, Prévost, Serratrice, Tuller, Unsworth, & The Q.-Be Consortium, 2022), which were then used to predict knowledge and use of these grammatical structures. The findings reveal that: (i) experiential factors such as heritage language (HL) engagement at home and within the community modulate grammatical performance differentially from childhood through adolescence, and (ii) HL proficiency, immersion experiences, and literacy systematically predict HL grammatical outcomes. These results indicate that particular language background factors hold differential significance at distinct developmental stages and that higher proficiency, richer immersion experiences, and literacy engagement in the HL are crucial for the development of core grammatical structures.
Optimizing radiation patterns of mechanically reconfigurable phased arrays using flexible meta-gaps
Authors: Williamstyer D. Elliott , Hajimiri Ali
Published: January 2025

In order to take on arbitrary geometries, shape-changing arrays must introduce gaps between their elements. To enhance performance, this unused area can be filled with meta-material inspired switched passive networks on flexible sheets in order to compensate for the effects of increased spacing. These flexible meta-gaps can easily fold and deploy when the array changes shape. This work investigates the promise of meta-gaps through the measurement of a 5-by-5 λ-spaced array with 40 meta-gap sheets and 960 switches. The optimization and measurement problems associated with such a high-dimensional phased array are discussed. Simulated and in-situ optimization experiments are conducted to examine the differential performance of metaheuristic algorithms and characterize the underlying optimization problem. Measurement results demonstrate that in our implementation meta-gaps increase the average main beam power within the field of view (FoV) by 0.46 dB, suppress the average side lobe level within the FoV by 2 dB, and enhance the field-of-view by 23.5∘ compared to a ground-plane backed array.
Characteristics of Sporadic E Layer Occurrence in a Global Chemistry‐Climate Model: A Comparison With COSMIC‐Derived Data
Authors: Aylett Tasha , Feng Wuhu , Marsh Daniel R. , Themens David R. , Plane John M. C.
Published: January 2025

This study presents an analysis of sporadic‐E (Es) structures within WACCM‐X (the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere and ionosphere eXtension), including electrodynamical transport of metallic ions. A set of selection criteria have been developed to identify Es layers in WACCM‐X output based on the total metal ion density in each model grid box. These criteria are used to create a climatology of Es, which is compared to Es occurrence rates derived from FORMOSAT/COSMIC‐1 (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate) radio‐occultation measurements. The novel identification algorithm analyses 2‐week time slices between altitudes of 90–150 km, with Es layer events identified where the three selection criteria are met. Distinct seasonal distributions in Es occurrence were observed that are consistent with previous studies, with peaks during summer and reduced frequencies during winter, alignment of Es with geomagnetic contours, and layers descending in altitude as a function of local time. While discrepancies exist between WACCM‐X and COSMIC data (WACCM‐X occurrence rates are a factor of ∼2 lower than COSMIC‐derived occurrence rates at mid‐latitudes), highlighting the ongoing challenges in modeling Es layers, this study enhances the modeling capabilities of sporadic Es and deepens our understanding of their formation; it establishes a basis for their enhanced integration into global climate models and facilitates further investigation of Es behavior under different atmospheric conditions, paving the way to improved prediction of the occurrence of Es.
Cross‐Shore Sediment Transport on an Open Tidal Flat: Wind‐Driven Flow Reversal and Fluid Mud
Authors: Peng Yun , Yu Qian , Wang Aijun , Gao Jianhua , Wang Yunwei , Gao Shu
Published: January 2025

Understanding sediment transport processes within tidal flats is crucial for developing effective land‐ocean interaction management strategies. The cross‐shore sediment transport on tidal flats induced by episodic events, such as wind‐driven flow reversal (WDFR) and fluid mud (FM), is not sufficiently understood. This study focuses on the central Jiangsu tidal flat, where two field campaigns were conducted in the winter of 2021 and the summer of 2022. During the winter campaign, WDFR events were identified. During WDFR, the wind reversed the tide flow direction, resulting in significant cross‐shore sediment fluxes. In summer, FM occurred frequently during tidal slack periods when current‐induced bottom stress was low. The settling of sediment from the overlying fluid into the bottom layer plays a pivotal role in initiating FM events. These events resulted in substantial cross‐shore sediment fluxes, exceeding the long‐shore component. This study highlights the need to appropriately address the contributions of WDFR and FM to cross‐shore sediment transport in similar coastal environments.
A self-assembling nanoplatform for pyroptosis and ferroptosis enhanced cancer photoimmunotherapy
Authors: Wang Zhichao , Tang Yuqi , Li Quan
Published: January 2025

The microenvironment of immunosuppression and low immunogenicity of tumor cells has led to unsatisfactory therapeutic effects of the currently developed nanoplatforms. Immunogenic cell death, such as pyroptosis and ferroptosis, can efficiently boost antitumor immunity. However, the exploration of nanoplatform for dual function inducers and combined immune activators that simultaneously trigger pyroptosis and ferroptosis remains limited. Herein, a multifunctional pH-responsive theranostic nanoplatform (M@P) is designed and constructed by self-assembly of aggregation-induced emission photosensitizer MTCN-3 and immunoadjuvant Poly(I: C), which are further encapsulated in amphiphilic polymers. This nanoplatform is found to have the characteristics of cancer cell targeting, pH response, near-infrared fluorescence imaging, and lysosome targeting. Therefore, after targeting lysosomes, M@P can cause lysosome dysfunction through the generation of reactive oxygen species and heat under light irradiation, triggering pyroptosis and ferroptosis of tumor cells, achieving immunogenic cell death, and further enhancing immunotherapy through the combined effect with the immunoadjuvant Poly(I: C). The anti-tumor immunotherapy effect of M@P has been further demonstrated in in vivo antitumor experiment of 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse model with poor immunogenicity. This research would provide an impetus as well as a novel strategy for dual function inducers and combined immune activators enhanced photoimmunotherapy.
Sub-2W tunable laser based on silicon photonics power amplifier
Authors: Singh Neetesh , Lorenzen Jan , Kilinc Muharrem , Wang Kai , Sinobad Milan , Francis Henry , Carreira Jose , Geiselmann Michael , Demirbas Umit , Pergament Mikhail , Garcia-Blanco Sonia M. , Kärtner Franz X.
Published: January 2025

High-power tunable lasers are intensely pursued due to their vast application potential such as in telecom, ranging, and molecular sensing. Integrated photonics, however, is usually considered not suitable for high-power applications mainly due to its small size which limits the energy storage capacity and, therefore, the output power. In the late 90s, to improve the beam quality and increase the stored energy, large-mode-area (LMA) fibers were introduced in which the optical mode area is substantially large. Such LMA fibers have transformed the high-power capability of fiber systems ever since. Introducing such an LMA technology at the chip-scale can play an equally disruptive role with high power signal generation from an integrated photonics system. To this end, in this work we demonstrate such a technology, and show a very high-power tunable laser with the help of a silicon photonics based LMA power amplifier. We show output power reaching 1.8 W over a tunability range of 60 nm, spanning from 1.83 µm to 1.89 µm, limited only by the seed laser. Such an integrated LMA device can be used to substantially increase the power of the existing integrated tunable lasers currently limited to a few tens of milliwatts. The power levels demonstrated here reach and surpass that of many benchtop systems which truly makes the silicon photonics based integrated LMA device poised towards mass deployment for high power applications without relying on benchtop systems.
Boosting bulk photovoltaic effect in transition metal dichalcogenide by edge semimetal contact
Authors: Qiao Shuang , Liu Jihong , Yao Chengdong , Yang Ni , Zheng Fangyuan , Meng Wanqing , Wan Yi , Chow Philip C. Y. , Ki Dong-Keun , Zhang Lijie , Shi Yumeng , Li Lain-Jong
Published: January 2025

Oxide materials with a non-centrosymmetric structure exhibit bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) but with a low cell efficiency. Over the past few years, relatively larger BPVE coefficients have been reported for two-dimensional (2D) layers and stacks with asymmety-induced spontaneous polarization. Here, we report a crucial breakthrough in boosting the BPVE in 3R-MoS2 by adopting edge contact (EC) geometry using bismuth semimetal electrode. In clear contrast to the typically used top contact (TC) geometry, the EC metal which strongly adheres to the edges and the subtrates can induce a pronounced tensile strain to the 3R-MoS2, and the lateral contact geometry allows to completely access to in-plane polarization from underneath layers reachable by light, leading to >100 times of BPVE enhancement in photocurrent. We further design a 3R-MoS2/WSe2 heterojunction to demonstrate constructive coupling of BPVE with the conventional photovoltaic effect, indicating their potential in photodetectors and photovoltaic devices.
Measuring age-dependent viscoelasticity of organelles, cells and organisms with time-shared optical tweezer microrheology
Authors: Català-Castro Frederic , Ortiz-Vásquez Santiago , Martínez-Fernández Carmen , Pezzano Fabio , Garcia-Cabau Carla , Fernández-Campo Martín , Sanfeliu-Cerdán Neus , Jiménez-Delgado Senda , Salvatella Xavier , Ruprecht Verena , Frigeri Paolo-Antonio , Krieg Michael
Published: January 2025

Quantifying the mechanical response of the biological milieu (such as the cell’s interior) and complex fluids (such as biomolecular condensates) would enable a better understanding of cellular differentiation and aging and accelerate drug discovery. Here we present time-shared optical tweezer microrheology to determine the frequency- and age-dependent viscoelastic properties of biological materials. Our approach involves splitting a single laser beam into two near-instantaneous time-shared optical traps to carry out simultaneous force and displacement measurements and quantify the mechanical properties ranging from millipascals to kilopascals across five decades of frequency. To create a practical and robust nanorheometer, we leverage both numerical and analytical models to analyse typical deviations from the ideal behaviour and offer solutions to account for these discrepancies. We demonstrate the versatility of the technique by measuring the liquid–solid phase transitions of MEC-2 stomatin and CPEB4 biomolecular condensates, and quantify the complex viscoelastic properties of intracellular compartments of zebrafish progenitor cells. In Caenorhabditis elegans, we uncover how mutations in the nuclear envelope proteins LMN-1 lamin A, EMR-1 emerin and LEM-2 LEMD2, which cause premature aging disorders in humans, soften the cytosol of intestinal cells during organismal age. We demonstrate that time-shared optical tweezer microrheology offers the rapid phenotyping of material properties inside cells and protein blends, which can be used for biomedical and drug-screening applications.
Local and regional food production diversity are positively associated with household dietary diversity in rural Africa
Authors: Nguyen Thanh-Tung , Qaim Matin
Published: January 2025

Undernutrition and low dietary quality remain widespread issues in Africa. As most rural households in the region are involved in farming, the diversification of own farm production could improve their access to nutritious foods. Here we use representative panel data from six African countries to estimate this effect across different scales. We show that farm production diversity is positively associated with household dietary diversity—yet the average magnitude of the association is small, depends on the specific measure of production diversity and increases with distance from urban centres. In all countries, markets and market access are more important for dietary diversity than own production. Because village-, town- and district-level production diversity are often positively associated with dietary diversity, higher diversity on each individual farm may not be required. The appropriate spatial scale should be considered when designing diversification strategies.
Seafood supply mapping reveals production and consumption mismatches and large dietary nutrient losses through exports in the United Kingdom
Authors: Löfstedt Anneli , Scheliga Bernhard , Aceves-Martins Magaly , de Roos Baukje
Published: January 2025

Seafood can contribute towards healthy and sustainable food systems by improving public health and helping achieve net zero carbon emissions. Here, we provide a high-resolution perspective on UK seafood supplies and nutrient flows at the species level. We mapped seafood production (capture and aquaculture), trade (imports and exports), purchases (within and out of home) and seafood consumption between 2009 and 2020. UK dietary recommendations for finfish consumption were not achieved by domestic production nor national supplies. Mapping dietary nutrient flows revealed that the UK undergoes substantial losses of omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B12 and vitamin D, which could contribute 73%, 46% and 7% towards UK-recommended nutrient intakes, respectively, through exports of oily fish such as salmon, herring and mackerel. Policies should consider promoting greater consumption of locally produced oily fish species to improve public health and seafood system resilience.
Dinuclear iridium complexes ligated by lithium-ion endohedral fullerene Li+@C60
Authors: Fukushi Chinari , Komuro Takashi , Hashimoto Hisako
Published: January 2025

Diiridium complexes of Li+@C60 in η2:η2-coordination were synthesised in high yields. Crystal structures including restricted disordering of Li+ and solution properties (UV/Vis, CV and NMR) were investigated.
Photo-induced nitroxyl anion/HNO release from a nitrosyl complex of Mn(ii)–porphyrinate
Authors: Saha Shankhadeep , Maity Sayani , Samanta Bapan , Ghosh Riya , Bhattacharyya Kalishankar , Mondal Biplab
Published: January 2025

A nitrosyl complex of Mn(ii)-porphyrinate, 1, [Mn(TTMPP2−)(NO)], in dichloromethane solution at −40 °C, in the presence of visible light was found to donate nitroxyl anion (NO−) to suitable acceptors.
Revealing the effect of SrO addition on NH3-assisted SrCl2 flux growth of SrTaO2N single crystals
Authors: Harada Ginji , Hojamberdiev Mirabbos , Watanabe Tomoaki , Suzuki Kitaru , Wagata Hajime
Published: January 2025

SrTaO2N single crystals grown from SrCl2–SrO binary flux were larger than SrCl2 sole flux. The addition of SrO is effective to make their chemical composition using SrCl2–SrO binary flux closer to the stoichiometric ratio compared to SrCl2 sole flux.
A new 3D metallic, ductile, and porous boron nitride as a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Sun Wei , Wang Qian , Jena Puru
Published: January 2025

A new stable three-dimensional (3D) porous and metallic boron nitride anode material is proposed, exhibiting good ductility for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs).
Microwave-assisted synthesis of dual responsive luminomagnetic rare earth metal ions (Nd3+, Dy3+) co-doped nanohydroxyapatite for biomedical applications
Authors: Irfan Mohammad , Jeshurun Ashok , Mallikharjuna Reddy Bogala
Published: January 2025

HAp and RE HAps were prepared using microwave assisted synthesis and characterized using different analytical methods. Nd:Dy:HAp displayed dual responsive luminomagnetic characterstics with promising applications in biomedical research.
Celebrating 10 years of Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology
Authors: Gagnon Graham A. , Novak Paige J. , Cwiertny David M.
Published: January 2025

Current Editor-in-Chief Graham Gagnon and former Editors-in-Chief Paige Novak and David Cwiertny reflect on the success of the journal in its 10-year anniversary year.
Logic-OR gate gold nanorod-based plasmonic biosensor for multipathogen detection and photothermal disinfection
Authors: Petronella Francesca , De Biase Daniela , Santini Carlo , Avitabile Arianna , Sforza Maria Laura , Zaccagnini Federica , d’Alessandro Antonio , De Sio Luciano
Published: January 2025

A Logic OR-gate plasmonic biosensor, composed of an array of antibody-functionalized gold nanorods with multipathogen detection capabilities and photothermal disinfection properties for potable water, is presented.
Comprehensive theoretical studies on the electrocatalytic reduction of NO to NH3 using single metallic molecular complexes as catalysts
Authors: Ye Lixin , Fan Jiake , Mei Mengyun , Sun Zijian , Li Hui , Zhu Weihua
Published: January 2025

Single metal molecule complexes (SMMCs) have been widely used in the catalysis field.
Printing rare-earth-free (REF) magnetic inks: synthesis, formulation, and device applications
Authors: Moni Hur-E-Jannat , Rezaei Bahareh , Karampelas Ioannis H. , Saeidi-Javash Mortaza , Gómez-Pastora Jenifer , Wu Kai , Zeng Minxiang
Published: January 2025

This review highlights recent advances in additive manufacturing of rare-earth-free (REF) magnetic materials, emphasizing innovations in material synthesis, ink formulation, printing techniques, and device applications.
A temperature-sensitive and fluorescent Tr-CD/AuNP-based catalyst for efficient, monitorable, and recyclable catalytic reactions
Authors: Zhong Wenjie , Zhang Jifan , Zhu Chenxue , Tang Huaguo , Liu Xunyong , Qiao Zhuhui , Liu Yi
Published: January 2025

A temperature-sensitive and fluorescent catalyst was prepared. It can not only monitor the catalytic reaction process using its own fluorescence change but also accomplish the recycling of the catalyst through simple temperature control.
Water-in-bisalt electrolytes with mixed hydrophilic and hydrophobic anions for enhanced transport and stability for potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Dhasarathaboopathy Mukhilan , Sabhapathy Palani , Gurkan Burcu
Published: January 2025

Enabled by the fine tuning of the potassium ion solvation through water-in-bisalt approach, wide electrochemical stability and enhanced ionic conductivity are simultaneously achieved in a 36 molal electrolyte suited for potassium batteries.