bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Essential thrombocythemia complicated by multivessel intracranial dolichoectasia with subarachnoid hemorrhage and recurrent cerebral infarction
Authors: Kinouchi Tomoya , Takeuchi Kyoko , Uyama Shinichi , Miyamoto Tadashi , Ueta Hiromi
Published: October 2024

Background

Patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) can develop systemic thrombotic and hemorrhagic vascular complications due to increased and dysfunctional platelets.

Case presentation

We encountered a 49-year-old Japanese woman with a history of essential ET, cerebral infarction, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. She had been taking anagrelide (2.5 mg/day) and aspirin (100 mg/day) and had vomited at home. At the time of admission to our hospital, she was in a deep stupor. We thought these symptoms were caused by intracranial hypertension. Head computed tomography showed severe subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) at the interhemispheric fissure, hematoma at the corpus callosum, and intraventricular hemorrhages. Digital subtraction angiography demonstrated multiple dilated, stenotic, tortuous intracranial arteries, and a dissecting aneurysm at the right anterior cerebral artery (ACA). The dissecting aneurysm measured 7.7 × 15.5 mm, and a bleb was observed. Our diagnosis was ruptured ACA dissecting aneurysm and diffuse intracranial arterial dolichoectasia (DIADE). We performed stent-assisted coil embolization of the aneurysm. She remained apathetic and manifested unilateral apraxia and alien limb syndrome due to a partial callosal disconnection. Two months thereafter her symptoms gradually improved, her consciousness level and limb function improved, and her modified Rankin scale (mRS) score was 2. However, when we tapered her antiplatelet therapy, she again developed an acute cerebral infarct.

Conclusions

This is the first presentation of a patient with ET complicated by DIADE, both of which can result in ischemic and hemorrhagic vascular complications including SAH. As antithrombotic therapy in patients with DIADE and ET may be associated with higher hemorrhage rates, its effects must be monitored carefully.
Cognitive recovery of post critical care patients with and without COVID-19: differences and similarities, an observational study
Authors: Gorsler Anna , Franke Christiana , Quitschau Anneke , Külzow Nadine
Published: October 2024

Background

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients treated in an intensive care unit (ICU) are at high risk of developing cognitive impairments of a “post-intensive care syndrome” (PICS). We explored whether critically ill COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 survivors differ in their post-ICU recovery course in terms of severity and affected cognitive domains.

Methods

An observational prospective study was conducted in a German post-acute neurological early rehabilitation clinic. Critically ill patients with or without SARS-CoV-2 infection (at least mechanically ventilated for one week) underwent repeated standardized assessments during their subsequent inpatient rehabilitation stay. Cognitive functions (information processing speed, learning, recognition, short-term and working-memory, word fluency, flexibility) assigned to different domains (attention, memory, executive functions) were assessed as primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included mental (depression, anxiety) and physical (Barthel index, modified ranking scale) state.

Results

Out of 92 eligible patients (screened between June 2021 and August 2023), 34 were examined, and 30 were available for analysis (15 per group). Both groups were ventilated for a similar period (COVID-19 vs. Non-COVID-19: median: 48 vs. 53 days). Patients of COVID-19 group spend on average 10 days longer at ICU and developed slightly more complications, but subsequent inpatient rehabilitation was of comparable duration (median: 36.5 vs. 37 days). On the group-level both groups showed similar cognitive dysfunctions with striking impairments (normative T-scores < 41) in information processing speed, word fluency, flexibility, and recognition memory on admission. Significant gains until discharge were only revealed for information processing speed in both groups (main effect visit, mean difference [95%CI] − 7.5 [− 13.1, − 2.0]). Physical and mental state were also similarly affected in both groups on admission, but improved over time, indicating that overall recovery for higher-order cognitive functions is slowest. Interestingly, majority of patients stated correctly being still physically disabled, while a discrepancy was found between subjective and objective evaluation of cognitive health.

Conclusions

Results suggest a substantial overlap of cognitive, mental and physical dysfunction in post-acute recovery of ICU survivors independent of SARS-CoV-2 infection which warrants further monitoring to reduce the risk of long-term burden and enable a return to previous functionality.

Trial registration

Retrospectively registered at https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00025523, 21.06.2021.
Impact of hypokalemia on Brugada syndrome: case report unveiling mechanisms beyond QT interval prolongation
Authors: Siregar Muchtar Nora Ismail , Wahidji Vickry H.
Published: October 2024

Background

Brugada syndrome (BrS) is associated with an increased risk of sudden death caused by ventricular arrhythmias. The characteristic electrocardiographic appearance of ST-segment elevation of more than 2 mm with coved-type morphology in more than 1 right precordial lead is seen. Hypokalemia is known to unmask the Brugada type-1 pattern, but its exact role and mechanisms in this context are not well understood.

Case presentation

We report a case of first-time diagnosis of BrS in a 51-year-old man with hypokalemia 2.8 mmol/L. Despite the normalization of potassium levels with potassium chloride (KCL), the Brugada type-1 pattern persisted on ECG. Interestingly, the corrected QT interval was shorter during hypokalemia (QTc 390 ms) compared to when potassium levels were normal (QTc 432 ms).

Conclusions

This case highlights that hypokalemia can unmask the Brugada type-1 electrocardiographic pattern, but does not alter it once unmasked. The observed shorter QT interval during hypokalemia challenges the assumption that QT prolongation is the sole mechanism by which hypokalemia influences Brugada syndrome. This underscores the need for further research into additional mechanisms by which hypokalemia might trigger ventricular arrhythmias in Brugada syndrome.
Three-dimensional computer holography with phase space tailoring
Authors: Zhu Runze , Chen Lizhi , Xiao Jiasheng , Zhang Hao
Published: October 2024

Computer holography is a prominent technique for reconstructing customized three-dimensional (3D) diffraction fields. However, the quality of optical reconstruction remains a fundamental challenge in 3D computer holography, especially for the 3D diffraction fields with physically continuous and extensive depth range. Here, we propose a 3D computer-generated hologram (CGH) optimization framework with phase space tailoring. Based on phase space analysis of the space and frequency properties in both lateral and axial directions, the intensity of the 3D diffraction field is adequately sampled across a large depth range. This sampling ensures the reconstructed intensity distribution to be comprehensively constrained with physical consistency. A physics-informed loss function is constructed based on the phase space tailoring to optimize the CGH with suppression of vortex stagnation. Numerical and optical experiments demonstrate the proposed method significantly enhances the 3D optical reconstructions with suppressed speckle noise across a continuous and extensive depth range.
Clomiphene Citrate Medication for Infertility and Risk of Stillbirth or Neonatal Death: A Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Moore Vivienne , Rumbold Alice , Fernandez Renae , McElroy Heather , Moore Lynette , Giles Lynne , Grzeskowiak Luke , Roughead Elizabeth , Stark Michael , Russell Darryl , Davies Michael
Published: October 2024

Objective

To assess associations between clomiphene citrate (CC) use and perinatal death.

Design

Whole of population data linkage cohort.

Setting

South Australia.

Participants

All women giving birth between July 2003 and December 2015 (n = 242,077).

Methods

All births of at least 20 weeks were linked to government records of dispensed medications. A pregnancy was considered exposed to CC if a prescription was dispensed from 90 days before through to the end of a conception window. Descriptive statistics for stillbirths and neonatal deaths were stratified by multiplicity. For singletons, multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association of CC exposure with the combined outcome of perinatal death.

Main outcome measures

Stillbirths and neonatal deaths (with 28 days of birth) combined as perinatal deaths.

Results

Among singletons, the prevalence of stillbirth was 6.6 per 1000 births, with neonatal deaths of 2.1 per 1000 live births. Among singletons conceived with CC, stillbirth and neonatal death had a prevalence of 10.2 and 3.1 per 1000, respectively. For the combined outcome of perinatal death, the odds ratio was 1.54 (95% confidence interval 1.15, 2.07), stable upon adjustment for factors conveying biological (eg, obesity, pregestational diabetes) and social (eg, disadvantage) risks for perinatal death.

Conclusion

Risk of perinatal death may be increased in pregnancies that follow use of CC. While established confounding factors related to infertility were taken into account, there may be some residual contribution of underlying infertility.
Kadukkai maathirai (Indian herbal drug) prevents hepatocellular cancer progression by enhancing GSTM1 expression and modulating β catenin transcription: in-silico and in-vivo study
Authors: Shetty Manjunath , Shenoy Smita , Amuthan Arul , Devi Vasudha , Kumar Nitesh , Kiran Amruth , Shenoy Ganesh , Chinta Diya Rajasekhar , Prasada K Shama , Shetty Akshatha , Rao K G Mohandas
Published: October 2024

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive malignancy with poor clinical outcomes. Hence cost-effective drugs with fewer side effects as a standard supportive therapy might yield substantial advantages in efficacy and safety. Kadukkai maathirai (KM) is being used as a supplement in hepatocellular carcinoma. We evaluated whether KM has any preventive action on cancer progression in diethyl nitrosamine (DEN) - induced HCC in rats. Methods DEN was injected to produce HCC in rats, which was confirmed after 16 weeks. All the rats were orally administered KM for 4 weeks. Hepatoprotective potential (serum AST, ALT, ALP, Bilirubin) and anticancer efficacy (body weight, nodule count, tumor progression by histopathology, expression of GSTM1 by Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and In-silico analysis of phytoconstituents against β catenin and LRP analysis were evaluated. Results KM prevented cancer progression against DEN-induced HCC by an increase in GSTM1, a phase II detoxifying enzyme. It significantly reversed altered nodule count, relative liver weight, body weight, and histopathological features of HCC. In silico analysis of phytoconstituents of KM showed that they modulate the intracellular transcription process by inhibiting the armadillo repeat region of β catenin. Conclusions Our results elucidate the potential of KM as a supplement in HCC by reducing nodule count, protecting the liver from further damage, GSTM1 expression, and inhibiting armadillo repeat region of β catenin.
Altmetric coverage of health research in Ireland 2017-2023: a protocol for a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Sharp Melissa K , Logullo Patricia , Murphy Pádraig , Baral Prativa , Burke Sara , Grimes David Robert , Ryan Máirín , Clyne Barbara
Published: October 2024

Background Scientific publications have been growing exponentially, contributing to an oversaturated information environment. Quantifying a research output’s impact and reach cannot be solely measured by traditional metrics like citation counts as these have a lag time and are largely focused on an academic audience. There is increasing recognition to consider ‘alternative metrics’ or altmetrics to measure more immediate and broader impacts of research. Better understanding of altmetrics can help researchers better navigate evolving information environments and changing appetites for different types of research. Objectives Our study aims to: 1) analyse the amount and medium of Altmetric coverage of health research produced by Irish organisations (2017 – 2023), identifying changes over time and 2) investigate differences in the amount of coverage between clinical areas (e.g., nutrition vs. neurology). Methods Using Altmetric institutional access, we will gather data on research outputs published 1 January 2017 through 31 December 2023 from active Irish organisations with Research Organisation Registry (ROR) IDs. Outputs will be deduplicated and stratified by their Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification relating to ≥1 field of health research: Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Health Sciences, and Psychology. We will clean data using R and perform descriptive analyses, establishing counts and frequencies of coverage by clinical area and medium (e.g., traditional news, X, etc.); data will be plotted on a yearly and quarterly basis where appropriate. Results and Conclusions Improved understanding of one’s information environment can help researchers better navigate their local landscapes and identify pathways for more effective communication to the public. All R code will be made available open-source, allowing researchers to adapt it to evaluate their local landscapes.
The genome sequence of the John Dory, Zeus faber Linnaeus, 1758
Authors: Adkins Patrick , Harley Joanna , Brittain Rachel , Scott-Somme Kesella , Azzopardi Freja ,   Marine Biological Association Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual Zeus faber (the John Dory; Chordata; Actinopteri; Zeiformes; Zeidae). The genome sequence is 804.7 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 22 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.72 kilobases in length.
The genome sequence of the cultivated mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (J.E.Lange) Imbach
Authors: Woof Kieran , Mian Sahr , Blencowe Clare , Bazzicalupo Anna , Gaya Ester ,   Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2024

We present a genome assembly from a specimen of Agaricus bisporus (the cultivated mushroom; Basidiomycota; Agaricomycetes; Agaricales; Agaricaceae). The genome sequence spans 30.30 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 13 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 133.12 kilobases in length.
Do szarży marsz, marsz... Studia z dziejów kawalerii, t. 10
Authors: Smoliński Aleksander
Published: October 2024

From the outbreak of World War I until the end of the next global conflict in 1945, as a result of the appearance of motor vehicles and, above all, armoured weapons – tanks, there was an irrevocable end to the classic mounted cavalry, ultimately leading to its disappearance from the battlefields. Thus ended an era in Eurasian military history that lasted for at least several thousand years, during which the rider and his mount played an extremely important role. The book consists of three separate studies. The first one presents the history of the use of the horse in a war chariot and as a horse in various eras – from the Bronze Age to the mid-20th century, that is, from the times of glory until the twilight of cavalry, when the ethos of this extremely interesting weapon finally ended. The next two studies are devoted to the history of Eurasian cavalry. The first one discusses the personnel of one of the great mounted cavalry units of the Polish Army – the Pomeranian Cavalry Brigade – from the last months and days preceding the outbreak of World War II, while the second one discusses the organisational and numerical status and the armament of large cavalry units and mechanised corps, as well as other armored formations of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army in June 1941, i.e. on the eve of the outbreak of the German-Soviet war.
O etyce. Poznańskie kolekcje z obszaru Afryki, Azji i Pacyfiku w zbiorach Państwowego Muzeum Etnograficznego w Warszawie
Authors: Minksztym Joanna
Published: October 2024

Nawiązując do zagadnienia zwrotu obiektów przejętych w sposób wątpliwy etycznie lub prawnie, artykuł omawia historię poznańskich muzealiów etnograficznych spoza terenu Europy.
Zbiory zapoczątkowane zostały w 1872 r. i znacząco poszerzone w latach 1902-1918 , gdy do Poznania trafiły cenne muzealia z Australii, Oceanii i Afryki. Kolejne znaczące nabytki to kolekcja z Papui Zachodniej od prof. Józefa Zwierzyckiego (1922-1923) oraz kolekcja afrykańska od ks. Edmunda Majkowskiego (1939).
Zbiory te – na mocy nie zachowanych w archiwach decyzji władz komunistycznych – zostały w 1950 r. zabrane z Muzeum Narodowego w Poznaniu i wpisane do inwentarza Państwowego Muzeum Etnograficznego w Warszawie. Nie towarzyszyła temu żadna umowa ani akt darowizny, a jedynie pobieżnie sporządzony protokół przekazania. Od 17 lat Muzeum poznańskie bezskutecznie ubiega się o zwrot zabranych muzealiów lub choćby ich wypożyczenie na organizowane wystawy. Wobec wieloletniego  odrzucania przez PME wszelkich prób negocjacji,  MNP zmuszone zostało do wstąpienia na drogę sądową. Dopiero w ostatnim czasie zarysowała się szansa podjęcia w tej sprawie dyskusji pomiędzy obiema instytucjami.
Etnografia muzealna a zmiany klimatyczne. Głos w sprawie
Authors: Świętosławska Iwona Hanna
Published: October 2024

Jednym z najistotniejszych problemów, z którym musimy się zmierzyć zarówno my, jak i nasi następcy, to szybko postępujące globalne ocieplenie. Kryzys klimatyczny implikuje szereg niepokojących zjawisk, chociażby w postaci rozszerzających się stref suszy, masowych migracji, powodzi, wojen czy głodu. Gwałtownej zmianie ulegają warunki życia milionów ludzi, a ich dorobek i dotychczasowy styl życia ulegają drastycznym przeobrażeniom. Dotyka to nie tylko poszczególnych jednostek, ale całych grup społecznych, czy narodów. Zachwiany zostaje ich dobrostan ekonomiczny i bezpieczeństwo społeczne, powodując szereg przeobrażeń we wszystkich przestrzeniach ich kultury. Te zachodzące na naszych oczach zmiany powodują konieczność aktywnego włączenia się muzeów w debatę dotyczącą globalnej katastrofy klimatycznej. Muzea to przecież instytucje publiczne, cieszące się dużym zaufaniem społecznym, mające obowiązek działania na rzecz dobra obywateli i tworzonej przez nich kultury. Na naszych oczach z powodu zbyt wysokich temperatur, braku opadów śniegu i deszczu, zniszczeniu mogą ulec nawet te najcenniejsze polskie tradycje i obrzędy wpisane na Krajową Listę Niematerialnego Dziedzictwa Kulturowego, jak chociażby wyścigi kumoterek, układanie kwietnych dywanów w Spicymierzu, czy flisactwo w Ulanowie. Szczególna rola przypada placówkom etnograficznym, które w obliczu zachodzących zmian winny nie tylko je rejestrować, ale też tłumaczyć zachodzące procesy, podsuwając czasami rozwiązania stosowane w przeszłości. Winny się one włączyć szeroko w edukację, która pozwoli uświadomić członkom lokalnych społeczności w jaki sposób globalne zmiany klimatyczne wpływają na ich codzienne życie, oraz co mogą zrobić by zminimalizować niekorzystne zmiany. Edukacyjne programy o charakterze ekologicznym powinny znaleźć swe stałe miejsce w każdej instytucji etnograficznej. Mamy już placówki, które od dawna realizują takie programy, ale potrzebny jest zbiorowy wysiłek wszystkich muzealnych instytucji by uświadomić obywatelom konieczność zadbania i otoczenia szacunkiem zarówno kultury, którą stworzyliśmy, jak i środowiska naturalnego, które wpływa niezwykle istotnie na jej stan i różnorodność.
pensamiento multidimensional: hacia una comprensión más compleja y humana de la racionalidad
Authors: Cruz rivera Bibiana judith , Mora alonso César augusto
Published: October 2024

Este artículo se propone realizar un acercamiento a la concepción que desarrolla Matthew Lipman sobre las múltiples dimensiones transactivas del pensamiento, con la intención de apreciar la forma en que aporta a la consolidación de una racionalidad que tenga como características distintivas la complejidad y el humanismo; en virtud de ello, se analizan las tres vertientes principales del pensamiento multidimensional, a saber: crítica, creativa y cuidadosa. La consecuencia del escrutinio arroja que la interacción y reciprocidad que se da entre las tres dimensiones susodichas abre las puertas para la emergencia de un pensamiento de orden superior, la razonabilidad, que no es otra cosa que una racionalidad compleja, capaz de reconocer la pluralidad y la diversidad; es decir, una racionalidad que pretende superar las limitaciones del pensamiento imperante, para no incurrir en la unilateralidad, el instrumentalismo y el cientifismo. Así las cosas, el pionero del programa de Filosofía para Niños considera que el alcance de la razonabilidad debe ser la finalidad de todo proceso educativo; de ahí que Lipman se dé a la tarea de forjar una propuesta filosófico-pedagógica, que será la base para el despliegue de las habilidades superiores del pensamiento, las cuales resultarán indispensables para la construcción de una democracia de alta calidad.
BAIXO-PESO AO NASCER: ESTUDO DE FATORES ASSOCIADOS EM UM HOSPITAL TERCIÁRIO DA GRANDE VITÓRIA, ES, BRASIL
Authors: Nascimento Rosiane Cosme , Rodrigues Barbosa Míriam Carmo , Corrêa Márcia Mara
Published: October 2024

O baixo-peso ao nascer (BPN) é uma condição clínica importante na determinação da morbimortalidade neonatal e da mortalidade pós-neonatal, sendo um indicador global de grande relevância para a saúde pública. Este estudo objetivou avaliar os fatores associados ao baixo-peso ao nascer de recém-nascidos atendidos em um hospital público de alta complexidade localizado no município de Vitória-ES. Trata-se de estudo de delineamento transversal no qual a população foi constituída por 246 mães e crianças de até dois anos de idade incompletos, que procuraram atendimento nos serviços do hospital no período de setembro de 2017 a março de 2018. Estudaram-se a associação do BPN (variável dependente) e as independentes (condições sociodemográficos, obstétricas e clínico-cirúrgicas) utilizando-se o teste de qui-quadrado. A força de associação foi estimada calculando-se a razão de chances (odds ratio) e seus intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Para o controle de possíveis fatores de confusão nas associações obtidas, usou-se o modelo de regressão logística binária multivariada, e o nível de significância adotado foi de p <0,05. As análises foram realizadas utilizando o pacote estatístico Stata 13.0. Neste estudo, a prevalência encontrada de BPN foi de 22,4% (IC95% 17,5-28,0). Das seis variáveis incluídas na regressão logística, somente o número de consultas de pré-natal <6 semanas (OR=7,61), presença de intercorrências na gestação (OR=2,29), idade gestacional <37 semanas (OR=26,89) e o sexo do recém-nascido feminino (OR=2,67) permaneceram associados ao desfecho. O número de consultas de pré-natal >6, ausência de intercorrências na gestação, idade gestacional ≥37 semanas e o sexo do recém-nascido masculino apresentaram fator protetor à ocorrência de baixo-peso ao nascer. Os resultados aqui encontrados justificam a necessidade de desenvolver ações mais efetivas direcionadas para o público materno-infantil.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2019.43508
Design of a Radar Signature Measurement Model of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with Low Radar Signature
Authors: Ven Harmen van der , Bocanegra David Escot , González Jesús Álvarez , İnal Mehmet Erim , Altinoklu Askin , Öztürk Alper Kürşat , Jakobus Ulrich , Osipov Andrey , Lie-Svendsen Øystein , Weinmann Frank , Andersson Åsa , Edefur Henrik , Hall Jan-Ove , Martínez David Poyatos , Çiftçi Tolga , Kostak Şükrü Tarık
Published: October 2024

Existing databases of RCS benchmarks lack a complex, low-observable target. This paper describes the design of such a complex and low-observable measurement model. Starting point of the design is the so-called Muldicon model, developed by the NATO/STO/AVT panel. Hot spots of the original model are identified and treated with radar-absorbing materials. Simulations on the treated model demonstrate that the model is indeed low observable. The effect of the manufacturing process of 3D-printing and separable parts is assessed experimentally on a cone-sphere; the effect is found to be negligible. These results give confidence that the model, when built, satisfies the requirements of being complex and low observable; and that artefacts of the manufacturing process will not impair its signature.
A Low-profile Dual-band Frequency Selective Surface with High Selectivity at its Higher Passband
Authors: Jiao Jian , Xu Nianxi , Gao Jinsong
Published: October 2024

In order to meet the requirements for multiband communication, a dual-band passband frequency selective surface (FSS) with low-profile and high selectivity at its higher passband is proposed in this paper. The proposed FSS is a three-layer structure. An arc-cross patch (ACP) and four quarter-circular patches (QCP) are introduced on the outer layers to produce two transmission nulls of the higher passband, which result in high selectivity of higher passband. The inductively complementary structure on the middle layer is introduced to manipulate the coupling between layers which contribute to the low-profile and angular stability. The segmental study method is used to establish the equivalent circuit model (ECM) and analyze its mechanism. The proposed dual-band FSS, whose high selectivity was verified by experiment, is low-profile and shows good polarization insensitivity and angular stability. A feasible FSS design solution is provided for dual-band communication.
Effect of Frequency and Moisture Variation on Dielectric Properties of Pearl Millet in Powder Form
Authors: Nidhi Bhargava  , Ritu Jain  , Ila Joshi  , K.S. Sharma
Published: October 2024

Values of dielectric constant (ε’ ), dielectric loss (ε’’), relaxation time (τ), conductivity (σ) of Pearl millet (HHB 62) were measured at room temperature at four different frequencies viz 4.65 GHz, 7.00 GHz, 9.35 GHz and 14.98 GHz in microwave region, using two point method and employing a specially designed dielectric cell for powders. Also, effect of variation of moisture content on dielectric properties of Pearl millet in powder form was studied at room temperature at 9. 35 GHz.. Both, the dielectric constant and loss factor are found to decrease with increase in frequency and to increase with increase in moisture content. The present values of dielectric constant are in good agreement with the values reported by other authors.
Generation of Tunable Focal Spot and Focal hole by Radially Polarized Axisymmetric Bessel-modulated Gaussian beam
Authors: N.Veerabagu Suresh  , K. Prabakaran  , R. Chandrasekar  , Haresh M. Pandya  , K.B. Rajesh
Published: October 2024

In recent years, an Axisymmetric Bessel-modulated Gaussian beam with quadratic radial dependence (QBG beam) has attracted very much. In this paper, Focal shift in radially polarized QBG beam with radial variance phase wavefront is investigated theoretically byvector diffraction theory. The wavefront phase distribution is cosine function of radial coordinate. Simulation results show that the intensity distribution in focal region of the radially polarized QBG beam can be adjusted considerably by small beam parameter
Assessment of Water Quality and Eutrophication of Lakes
Authors: Omkar Singh  , C.K. Jain
Published: October 2024

In this study, water quality and eutrophication aspects of Mansar, Surinsar, Tsokar, Tsomoriri and Renuka lakes have been discussed. The water quality parameters were compared with BIS standards for drinking purposes. The values of physico-chemical water quality parameters for Mansar and Surinsar lakes (Jammu Division) were found within the desirable limits except low DO in hypolimnion. Whereas, the values of physico-chemical parameters for Tsomoriri and Tsokar lakes (Ladakh region) were found beyond limits having much higher concentration of pH, total dissolved solids, total hardness, chloride, calcium, magnesium. The water quality of Renuka lake shown higher concentration of magnesium, iron, manganese, lead, total coliform, faecal coliform and low DO in hypolimnion. The eutrophication status assessed on the basis of phosphate concentration show eutrophic condition of Mansar, Surinsar, Tsomoriri and hyper-eutrophic condition of Tsokar and Renuka lake. The results indicate that efforts are required to lower the existing eutrophication levels by adopting conservation measures for the lakes.
Gendered opportunities across modes of political participation: a macro–micro analysis of the gender gap
Authors: Grasso Maria , Giugni Marco
Published: October 2024

We examine the role of ‘gendered opportunities’ for political participation by analysing original survey data covering nine European countries alongside relevant macro-level factors. We hypothesize that gender interacts differently with certain features of the broader context – here, government spending on public services – across various modes of participation, leading to ‘gendered opportunities’ for political engagement. By analysing data for three different modes of participation, namely voting, protest and consumerist participation, we show that the political context provides ‘gendered opportunities’ for political participation and that the gender gap is not homogeneously distributed across modes but varies depending on the repertoire. Our findings clearly highlight how the relationship between gender and the broader context for political participation is a complex one, suggesting that further work must consider the macro–micro linkages leading to differential gender inequalities in political participation.
The Encyclopaedic Aspect of Bihār al-Anwār (Part II)
Authors: Jafarian Rasul
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT: This article examines the encyclopaedic nature of the book Bihār al-Anwār , compiled by Muḥammad Bāqir Majlisī in the 17th century Safavid era. It first provides context on the tradition of compiling encyclopaedic works covering various sciences in Islamic civilisation. It then focuses on encyclopaedic writing during the Safavid period, including examples like Lisān al-Khawāṣ by Āqā Raḍī Qazwīnī. The article argues that the Ṣafavīd era saw a shift towards grounding all knowledge in religious texts and Shi'a narrations, which influenced Majlisī's approach in Bihār al-Anwār . While some scholars tried to interpret natural sciences through narrations, Majlisī's views on whether all sciences derived from religious sources are unclear. The text examines how Majlisī approached subjects like astrology and medicine by trying to align them with narrations while acknowledging conflicts with religion at times. Overall, Bihār al-Anwār aimed to present a comprehensive Shi'a perspective on human knowledge and the world derived from religious sources like the Qur'an and Hadith . The encyclopaedic nature stemmed from this ambition to cover various subjects through a religious lens.
The Parliament of Birds and the Fall of Cardinal Wolsey: A Case Study of Political Allegory in Early Modern England
Authors: McGovern Jonathan , Tao Yuxuan
Published: October 2024

Abstract: This article identifies the significance of an early Tudor poem entitled The Parliament of Birds . This anonymous poem was most likely written and first published in around 1530, though the date could be as late as 1535. It combines two narratives, telling the story of a proud hawk and an upstart crow who are ultimately humbled by their king, the eagle. The article argues that this poem, which has received very little attention from scholars, is an allegory of the fall of Cardinal Wolsey, King Henry VIII’s chief minister, in 1529. The article thus provides a case study into the political use of allegorical poetry in early modern England.
Full-color electrophoretic display with high halftone image quality, reduced power, and deep-learning-enabled fast implementation
Authors: Fan Qitian , Luo Qingyun , Zhao Zhiqing , Zou Guowei , Wu Ziyi , Zeng Zheng , Qin Zong , Deng Shaozhi , Yang Bo-Ru
Published: October 2024

The electrophoretic display (EPD) with low power consumption, good sunlight readability, and flexibility is ideal for the Internet of Things. However, color EPDs have very limited grayscales (typically 1-bit) because it is challenging to precisely control the electrophoretic particles of multiple colors. Thus, halftone is usually employed to achieve continuous-tonal full-color EPDs alternatively. Nevertheless, halftone achieves continuous tones at the expense of a significant increase in driving current. This study first proposes and experimentally verifies a model that can accurately predict a driving current from image content. Next, a multi-objective optimized (MOO) halftone algorithm based on MOEA/D (multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition) is proposed to consider image quality and driving current simultaneously. As a result, Pareto optimality is achieved, i.e., no image simultaneously performs better in image quality and driving current. A mean driving current reduction of 33.8% concerning the traditional error-diffusion algorithm is experimentally verified on a seven-color EPD with maintained halftone image quality. Considering the high computational complexity of the iteration-based MOO algorithm, this study also discusses the real-time generation of optimal halftone images using a generative adversarial network (GAN). Compared with the optimal halftone images slowly generated by the MOO, the GAN achieves almost the same driving current and a mean absolute error of 2.04, in terms of CIE76 color difference. The proposed algorithm enables full-color EPDs with high-quality continuous tones, reduced power consumption, and a GAN-based real-time implementation.
Highly sensitive liquid refractive index sensor based on a polymer two-mode ridge waveguide interferometer
Authors: Zhang Yinglu , Chen Mengting , Zhang Hao , Zhao Zhiying , Wu Jieyun , Hu Zhefeng , Chen Kaixin
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a highly sensitive liquid refractive index (RI) sensor based on a two-mode interferometer (TMI) formed with a polymer ridge waveguide. Compared with the rectangular waveguide TMI sensor, our proposed ridge waveguide TMI sensor enables a higher waveguide sensitivity and hence device sensitivity. Our experimental results show that the fabricated ridge waveguide TMI sensor achieves a sensitivity of 6980.62 nm/RIU, indicating a significant improvement over the fabricated rectangular waveguide TMI sensor with almost identical dimensions; the latter exhibits a sensitivity of 3753.81 nm/RIU. Our proposed sensor is simple in structure but has high sensitivity and low cost.
Quantitative phase imaging: introduction
Authors: Hu Chenfei , Ah Lee Seung , Liu Yang , Park YongKeun , So Peter T. C. , zhou Renjie
Published: October 2024

Quantitative phase imaging (QPI), propelled by advancements in digital holography and computational imaging, has revolutionized the ability to retrieve phase delays with high precision. Over the past two decades, the field has seen tremendous growth, contributing to numerous applications in biomedicine and material metrology, including live cell monitoring, material structure profiling, and defect inspection, among others. This special issue commemorates Prof. Gabriel “Gabi” Popescu, a former faculty member at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and a pioneer in QPI and label-free biological imaging, who passed away on June 16, 2022, in his hometown of Prundu, Romania. The issue honors Gabi’s legacy with a collection of articles exploring QPI methodologies and their diverse applications.
Germanium-incorporated Si-Ge-Si heterojunction phototransistors for a high-limit of detection and wide linear dynamic range near-infrared light detection
Authors: Dehdashti Jahrom Hamed
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates overcoming the limitations of conventional silicon (Si) bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) for near-infrared (NIR) light detection. Silicon BJTs have inherent limitations in the NIR region due to silicon’s bandgap. To address this, the paper proposes high-performance silicon-germanium-silicon (Si-Ge-Si) heterojunction bipolar phototransistors (HPTs). The key innovation is introducing a thin germanium (Ge) layer at the base-collector junction and engineering its doping concentration. This Ge layer extends the BJT phototransistor’s optical response into the NIR region by enhancing optical absorption. The paper analyses the performance of the HPTs, demonstrating linear photoresponsivity of 432 mA/W over a wide optical power range, leading to an exceptional linear dynamic range of 159 dB and a very low dark current, which produces a limit of detection of -99.64 dBm. Additionally, the device exhibits a large photo-to-dark current ratio of 2.16 ×107 (at optical power of 5 µW) and a fast response time of 11.35 ps to modulated NIR optical signals within the linear dynamic range. This research paves the way for high-performance CMOS-compatible NIR phototransistors using Si-Ge-Si heterostructures.
Toward an advanced physics-based scheme for retrieving land surface emissivity and temperature based on Fengyun-3D MERSI-II daytime mid-infrared data
Authors: Yao Qian , Li Zhengqiang , Xu Wenbin , Wang Siheng , Xu Hua , Zhao Liang , Zhang Hao , Ji Zhe
Published: October 2024

The hybrid nature of the mid-infrared (MIR) spectrum complicates the separation of reflected solar irradiance from total energy. Consequently, existing studies rarely use MIR satellite data alone for retrieving land surface temperature (LST) and land surface emissivity (LSE). In this study, we developed What we believe to be a novel physics-based approach to retrieve LSE and LST using MIR channel data from the MEdium Resolution Spectral Imager II (MERSI-II) onboard China’s new-generation polar-orbiting meteorological satellite Fengyun-3D (FY-3D). MERSI-II includes two MIR channels (channels 20 and 21) with a spatial resolution of 1 km, suitable for applying the split-window (SW) algorithm. First, considering the unequal but linearly related land surface bidirectional reflectivity (LSR) in channels 20 and 21, we propose an improved nonlinear SW algorithm. This algorithm, combined with the radiative transfer equation (RTE), accurately retrieves LSR from MIR data. Second, using a kernel-driven bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model, the RossThick-LiSparse-R model, we estimate hemispherical directional reflectance from the time series of LSRs (10 days) and subsequently retrieve LSE based on Kirchhoff's law. Atmospheric correction is performed using ERA-5 atmospheric reanalysis data with the radiative transfer (RT) code (MODTRAN 5.2). Finally, LST is retrieved using the RTE in the MIR spectral region. The retrieved LSR was compared with those fitted using the BRDF model, yielding a root mean square error (RMSE) < 0.006 and a bias < 0.003. Cross-validation using the MODIS LSE and LST products (MYD11C1) as a reference showed that the RMSE of the retrieved LSE over 10 days was < 0.027 with a bias < 0.023. For the retrieved LST, the RMSE was < 1.8 K with a bias < 0.7 K. Overall, the proposed method demonstrates potential for retrieving global LSE and LST from MERSI-II MIR data, contributing to advancements in related applications.
Low-profile, wideband RCS-reduction antenna array based on a metal–ink hybrid metasurface
Authors: Fu Ao , Wang Chen , Chen Silong , Yang Kunping , Ren Bo , Chen Ping
Published: October 2024

In this study, a highly flexible metal–ink hybrid metasurface that can be integrated with planar structures is proposed. The metasurface achieves wideband absorption performance while maintaining an efficient transmission window. Based on equivalent circuit model analysis, an aperture-coupled antenna array was integrated with the metasurface, enabling simultaneous wideband radar cross-section (RCS) reduction and high-performance radiation. The integration of the metasurface and antenna array allowed the overall structure to maintain a low profile. Simulation results show that the proposed array achieves a 10 dB RCS reduction against a metal plate of the same size over the [2.03, 8.11] GHz range, with a fractional bandwidth of 119.9% under x-polarized wave incidence. Under y-polarized wave incidence, a 10 dB RCS reduction is achieved at both [2.12, 5.1] GHz and [6.1, 8.06] GHz, with fractional bandwidths of 82.5% and 27.6%, respectively. Moreover, the array maintains a peak gain of 26.3 dBi and sidelobe levels less than -18 dB. The experimental results align well with the simulated results. The proposed low-RCS antenna array offers potential advancements in planar antenna technology, enhancing stealth capabilities.
Simplified bit-class probabilistic shaping strategy based on PDM systems
Authors: Ma Yilan , Ren Jianxin , Liu Bo , Mao Yaya , Ma Yiming , Wu Xiangyu , Song Xiumin , Chen Shuaidong , Ullah Rahat , Qi Zhipeng , Wang Feng
Published: October 2024

This study aims to present a simplified bit-class probabilistic shaping (PS) strategy based on power domain multiplexing (PDM) systems. In this scheme, we employ bit-weighted distribution matching (BWDM) to achieve PS. By ingeniously applying the process of signal superposition, the low-complexity bit-class PS scheme requires encoding of only a small number of bits in the low-power two quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) signal, enhancing the quality of the transmitted signal with simple operations. At the receiver, to ensure the transmission performance of the system while minimizing computational complexity and enhancing system operational efficiency, we implemented the region decision method for demodulation. The proposed scheme was experimentally validated on a 2 km 7-core fiber, achieving accurate transmission of signals at a net rate of 103.6 Gb/s. The experimental results indicate that, when compared to the uniform 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM) signal and the PDM-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal without PS, the receiving sensitivity of the PS-16QAM signal in our scheme can gain 0.4 dB and 0.33 dB at a bit error rate (BER) of 3.8 × 10−3 under the same net rate.
Integrated electro-optic modulator on a lead zirconate titanate-silicon nitride heterogeneous platform
Authors: Zhou Wenfeng , Zhang Yong , Jiang Yongheng , Zhang Pu , Shen Jian , Zhang Xun , Chen Yuqi , Sun Min , Qiu Feng , Xiao Huifu , Tian Yonghui , Su Yikai
Published: October 2024

Integrated electro-optic (EO) modulators are the core components of the
optoelectronic information technology, and lithium niobate is
currently the most widely used crystalline thin film material;
however, finite EO coefficients limit the modulation efficiency of the
modulators. In this Letter, we present an integrated EO modulator
using a microring resonator on the lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and
silicon nitride (SiN) heterogeneous platform. The microwave
attenuation is reduced by using low loss tangent and dielectric
constant SiN as the electrode substrate, achieving an EO bandwidth of
33 GHz. Thanks to the high quality of the PZT film deposition
and the substantial EO overlap of our structure, ultrahigh modulation
efficiency with the half-wave voltage-length product of
0.7 V·cm is achieved. In addition, as a remarkable
result, an 80-Gbps on–off keying signal is generated using the
modulator.
Low-noise 2-GHz figure-9 fiber laser based on passive harmonic mode-locking
Authors: Ma Jindong , Ma Menglong , Liu Huanhuan , Shum Perry Ping
Published: October 2024

We have proposed and demonstrated the generation of a high-repetition-rate ultrashort pulse with long-term stability and low noise based on a harmonic mode-locked (HML) figure-9 fiber laser. Different HML orders from the 2nd to the 13th are generated by adjusting the pump power, net dispersion, and wave plate angles. A 2-GHz HML pulse is obtained with a 155-MHz fundamental repetition rate in a Yb-doped fiber laser, and the corresponding supermode suppression level is as high as 50 dB. The average power of the output pulse is nearly 200 mW, and the compressed pulse duration is 535 fs. To the best of our knowledge, 2 GHz and 196 mW represent, respectively, the highest repetition rate and output power in a figure-9 fiber laser. This work offers a potential pathway to achieve high-repetition-rate ultrashort pulses in the GHz range with high power and low noise levels.
Free long-chain fatty acids trigger early postembryonic development in starved Caenorhabditis elegans by suppressing mTORC1
Authors: Ruan Meiyu , Xu Fan , Li Na , Yu Jing , Teng Fukang , Tang Jiawei , Huang Cheng , Zhu Huanhu
Published: October 2024

Postembryonic development of animals has long been considered an internally predetermined program, while macronutrients were believed to be essential solely for providing biomatters and energy to support this process. However, in this study, by using a nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (abbreviated as C. elegans hereafter) model, we surprisingly discovered that dietary supplementation of palmitic acid alone, rather than other abundant essential nutrients such as glucose or amino acid mixture, was sufficient to initiate early postembryonic development even under complete macronutrient deprivation. Such a development was evidenced by changes in morphology, cellular markers in multiple tissues, behaviors, and the global transcription pattern and it occurred earlier than the well-known early L1 nutrient checkpoint. Mechanistically, palmitic acid did not function as a biomatter/energy provider, but rather as a ligand to activate the nuclear hormone receptor NHR-49/80, leading to the production of an unknown peroxisome-derived secretive hormone in the intestine. This hormonal signal was received by chemosensory neurons in the head, regulating the insulin-like neuropeptide secretion and its downstream nuclear receptor to orchestrate global development. Additionally, the nutrient-sensing hub mTORC1 played a negative role in this process. In conclusion, our data indicate that free fatty acids act as a primary nutrient signal to launch the early development in C. elegans, which suggests that specific nutrients, rather than the internal genetic program, serve as the first impetus for postembryonic development.