bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Palladium‐Catalyzed Heck‐Type Reactions of Allylic Esters with Arylboronic Acids or Potassium Aryltrifluoroborates
Authors: Yao Bo , Liu Yan , Wang Meng‐Ke , Li Jin‐Heng , Tang Ri‐Yuan , Zhang Xing‐Guo , Deng Chen‐Liang
Published: April 2012

A selective and general route to (E)‐1,3‐diaryl‐prop‐1‐enes and (E)‐3‐arylallyl acetates has been developed by palladium‐catalyzed Heck‐type reactions of allylic esters with arylboronic acids or potassium aryltrifluoroborates. The present method selectively proceeds including β‐OAc elimination or β‐H elimination on the basis of the boronic acids. Whereas a variety of allylic esters were reacted with arylboronic acids, palladium(II) acetate [Pd(OAc)2], tetra(n‐butyl)ammonium chloride [(n‐Bu)4NCl] and postassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) to afford the corresponding diarylation products in moderate to good yields, treatment of allylic esters with potassium aryltrifluoroborates furnished the corresponding monoarylation products.
Coupling of biokinetic and population balance models to account for biological heterogeneity in bioreactors
Authors: Morchain Jérôme , Gabelle Jean‐Christophe , Cockx Arnaud
Published: April 2012

The development of a population balance model accounting for cell adaptation to a fluctuating environment is focussed in this article. In a bioreactor, the substrate concentration field and the bioreaction kinetics are strongly coupled. The latter are determined by the intensity and magnitude of concentration fluctuations encountered along the cell trajectory. Modeling these interactions between hydrodynamics and biology in heterogeneous bioreactors is a major challenge. This model is based on a previous work regarding the dynamic response of bioreactors. It is shown that a simplified population balance equation considering only growth and adaptation is sufficient to reproduce the population growth rate dynamics in batch and continuous cultures. Finally, a validation of the model implementation in a computational fluid dynamics software is proposed. The model developed in the homogeneous case now allows the numerical scale‐up of a bioreactor, for it connects the population state to the concentration changes experienced. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 369–379, 2013
Somatic mosaicism and the phenotypic expression of COL2A1 mutations
Authors: Nagendran Sonali , Richards Allan J. , McNinch Annie , Sandford Richard N. , Snead Martin P.
Published: April 2012

Mutations in COL2A1, the gene for type II‐collagen, can result in a wide variety of phenotypes depending upon the nature of the mutation. Dominant negative mutations tend to result in severe and often lethal skeletal dysplasias such as achondrogenesis type 2, Kniest dysplasia, and spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita. Stickler syndrome, a condition characterized by ophthalmological and orofacial features, deafness and arthritis, usually, but not exclusively, results from haploinsufficiency. Overlapping features of all these disorders can also be seen in the same family. Rare reports have demonstrated that phenotypic variability can be explained in some families by somatic mosaicism. Here, we describe five further examples of somatic mosaicism of COL2A1 mutations illustrating the importance of detailed clinical evaluation and molecular testing even in clinically normal parents of affected individuals. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cytological and epidemiological findings in trisomies 13, 18, and 21: England and Wales 2004–2009
Authors: Alberman Eva , Mutton David , Morris Joan K.
Published: April 2012

This study describes the cytological and epidemiological findings in 985 trisomy 13 and 2512 trisomy 18 compared with 10,255 trisomy 21 diagnoses between 2004 and 2009 included in the National Down Syndrome Cytogenetic Register of England and Wales. The frequency of occurrence, proportions diagnosed prenatally, sex ratios, mean maternal age, and proportions of mothers with recurrences were analyzed. Ninety‐seven, 98%, and 92% were free karyotypes for trisomy 21, 18, and 13, respectively; 3% of 21, 1% of 18, and 8% of trisomy 13 were translocations; and under 1% of trisomies 21 and 18 were double or triple aneuploids. Overall 1% of each trisomy had mosaicism, but 48% of the trisomy 21 double aneuploids, and 10% of trisomy 18 multiple aneuploids had mosaicism. The proportion of livebirths was 40% of trisomy 21, 11% of 18, and 13% of 13, respectively. Free trisomies 21 and 13 had an excess of males, and 18 had an excess of females, as did mosaic free trisomies 21 and 18. Mean maternal ages were 35.9 years in trisomy 21, 36.4 years in 18, and 34.6 years in 13. During the 6 years of data collection 1% of the mothers had recurrences, most recurrent trisomy 21 or 18 were identical translocations, but hetero‐trisomic recurrences included 21 and 18, and 21 and 13. There are significant differences between the trisomic karyotypes and attributes, possibly related to their variable origins. Notable are the relative excess of trisomy 13 translocations, mosaicism in cases with multiple aneuploidy, and the types of homo‐ and hetero‐recurrences. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Working up autism: The practical role of medical genetics
Authors: Gurrieri Fiorella
Published: April 2012

The autism spectrum disorders (ASD) comprise a group of neurobehavioral phenotypes of heterogeneous etiology. In spite of a worldwide extensive research effort to unravel the genetic mystery of autism, medical geneticists are still facing an embarrassing lack of knowledge in dealing with the diagnosis, and consequently prognosis, of a child with autism. However, some lessons can be learned from accumulating experience in the clinical and molecular genetic evaluation of children with this condition. Patient evaluation, indications for molecular testing and counseling are the three aspects that will be discussed in this review. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis, spectral investigation and biological interphase of drug‐based cytotoxic square pyramidal coordination compounds
Authors: Patel Mohan N. , Bhatt Bhupesh S. , Dosi Promise A. , Amaravady Narasimhacharya V. R. L. , Movaliya Hetal V.
Published: April 2012

We have synthesized ciprofloxacin‐based metal complexes of bipyridine derivatives [Cu(CFL)(An)Cl].2H2O (where CFL = ciprofloxacin and A = bipyridines e.g. A1 = 4‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐6‐p‐tolyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine, A6 = 4‐(4‐(benzyloxy)phenyl)‐6‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐2,2′‐bipyridine, etc.). The ligands and complexes were characterized using analytical (C, H, N elemental analysis, TGA and magnetic measurement) and spectroscopic methods (1H and 13C NMR, FT‐IR, fast atom bombardment mass and reflectance spectroscopy). The products were evaluated by screening for DNA interaction activity on herring sperm DNA and studies suggest intercalative mode of DNA binding. The antimicrobial activity was determined in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration. Superoxide dismutase mimic studies were performed using the NADH/PMS/NBT system. The brine shrimp bioassay was also carried out to study the in vitro cytotoxic properties of the synthesized metal complexes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Symmetric and dissymmetric N‐heterocyclic carbene rhodium(I) complexes: a comparative study of their catalytic activities in transfer hydrogenation reaction
Authors: Gülcemal Süleyman
Published: April 2012

Six new [RhBr(NHC)(cod)] (NHC = N‐heterocyclic carbene; cod = 1,5‐cyclooctadiene) type rhodium complexes (4–6) have been prepared by the reaction of [Rh(μ‐OMe)(cod)]2 with a series of corresponding imidazoli(in)ium bromides (1–3) bearing mesityl (Mes) or 2,4,6‐trimethylbenzyl (CH2Mes) substituents at N1 and N3 positions. They have been fully characterized by 1 H, 13 C and heteronuclear multiple quantum correlation NMR analyses, elemental analysis and mass spectroscopy. Complexes of type [(NHC)RhBr(CO)2] (NHC = imidazol‐2‐ylidene) (7b–9b) were also synthesized to compare σ‐donor/π‐acceptor strength of NHC ligands. Transfer hydrogenation (TH) reaction of acetophenone has been comparatively studied by using complexes 4–6 as catalysts. The symmetrically CH2Mes‐substituted rhodium complex bearing a saturated NHC ligand (5a) showed the highest catalytic activity for TH reaction. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ICAR ATRP of methyl methacrylate catalyzed by FeCl3·6H2O/succinic acid
Authors: Wang Guoxiang , Lu Mang , Liu Yongbing
Published: April 2012

In this work, methyl methacrylate (MMA) was polymerized by initiator for continuous activator regeneration (ICAR) atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method to obtain low molecular weight living polymers. The ATRP initiator was ethyl 2‐bromoisobutyrate, the catalyst ligand complex system was FeCl3·6H2O/succinic acid, and the conventional radical initiator 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile was used as a thermal radical initiator. Polymers with controlled molecular weight were obtained with ppm level of Fe catalyst complex at 90°C in N,N‐dimethylformamide. The polymer was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the obtained poly (methyl methacrylate) were measured by gel permeation chromatography method. The kinetics results indicated that ICAR ATRP of MMA was a “living”/controlled polymerization, corresponding to a linear increase of molecular weights with the increasing of monomer conversion and a relatively narrow polydispersities index. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Structural changes in organosolv lignin during its reaction in an alkaline medium
Authors: El Mansouri Nour‐Eddine , Vilaseca Fabiola , Salvadó Joan
Published: April 2012

We observed the behavior of organosolv lignin (ORS) from Miscanthus sinensis in an alkaline medium in a microreactor set. We determined the structural changes of the reacted ORS in terms of phenolic hydroxyl, aliphatic hydroxyl, methoxyl, carbonyl, weight‐average molecular weight (Mw), number‐average molecular weight (Mn), and polydispersity of all of the reacted ORSs. The techniques we employed were Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H‐NMR spectroscopy, organic gel permeation chromatography, and the oximating method. We used response surface methodology to study the effects of the temperature and reaction time (tr) on the lignin properties. The reaction conditions studied were temperatures of 116–180°C and tr's of 18–103 min. The modeled response surfaces showed that the two factors affected the lignin properties within the ranges studied. The hydroxyl and carbonyl groups increased when the severity of the treatment was increased. Mw, Mn, and solid yield percentage decreased when the severity of the treatment was increased. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Strength and cytotoxicity in glass‐fiber‐reinforced denture base resin with changes in the monomer
Authors: Kim Hak‐Hu , Kim Myung‐Joo , Kwon Ho‐Bum , Jun Lim Young , Kim Seong‐Kyun , Koak Jai‐Young
Published: April 2012

Glass fibers (GFs) are often used to strengthen denture base resins. An increase in the GF content can result in severe viscosity, bunching of the GFs, and difficulty in the handling and packing of the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resin. To ensure better impregnation of the GFs and improvements in the workability, more methyl methacrylate is needed as the percentage of GFs is increased. The purpose of this study was to determine adequate powder/liquid ratios according to the GF ratios to reinforce with GFs and to evaluate the effect of probable residual monomer on the cytotoxicity and mechanical properties of PMMA denture base resin reinforced with different ratios of GFs. Five specimens were made according to the defined powder/liquid ratios. Ten specimens for each group were prepared with a stainless steel mold. The flexural strength (FS) and elastic modulus were measured with a three‐point bending test in a universal testing machine. To examine changes in toxicity with time, three types of specimens for each group were fabricated and immersed for 0, 24, and 72 h in distilled water after polymerization. The cytotoxicity was evaluated with an agar overlay test. The workability was improved, and the FS and elastic modulus of the denture base resin reinforced with GFs were made significantly higher with increases in the amount of monomer. There was no difference between the control group and the GF‐reinforced groups with regard to the cytotoxicity, despite the increasing monomer concentration. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Water‐absorption characteristics of organic–inorganic composite superabsorbent polymers and its effect on summer maize root growth
Authors: Bo Zhou , Renkuan Liao , Yunkai Li , Tao Gu , Peiling Yang , Ji Feng , Weimin Xing , Zhichao Zou
Published: April 2012

Adding inorganic materials in SAPs to synthesize organic–inorganic composite superabsorbent polymers (OICSAPs) can effectively improve salt‐tolerance, gel strength, thermal stability, and water retention. However, most researches mainly focus on synthesizing process optimization and new multifunctional products, lacking reports on how ions affected water‐absorption characteristics and mechanism of OICSAPs and its influence on summer maize root growth. On the basis of these, we set up laboratory experiments and field cultivation experiment, using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and fractal theory to study the questions above. Results show that OICSAPs have better salt‐tolerance, while cations and concentration affected its water‐absorption characteristics significantly. With higher cation valence, larger ionic radius, and concentration, its water‐absorption rate reduced remarkably as Na+ < K+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Fe2+ < Fe3+ < Al3+ < Cu2+, while the effects of anions could be neglected. The OICSAPs presented typical honeycomb membrane‐like 3D crosslinked network structure, but Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Al3+, and Cu2+ would damage the structure (Cu2+ with the most significant effect) in local microdomain, and changed the complexity of pores. In the experiment, higher concentration could reduce water‐absorption rate without changing micromorphological characteristics. Applying OICSAPs will reduce total length, surface area, and volume of summer maize root, while promoting absorbing and transmitting ability by larger root diameter and the proportion of root <0.5 cm. All these results will provide a theoretical basis on application, marketing, and product development of OICSAPs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Simultaneous determination of drugs in human autopsy material using phase‐optimized liquid chromatography
Authors: Oertel R. , Pietsch J. , Arenz N. , Zeitz S. G. , Goltz L. , Kirch W.
Published: April 2012

In legal medicine in many cases drugs are detected in autopsy material without connection to the cause of death, and until now no further investigations have taken place. In our study more than 50 drugs were measured directly in several compartments. The deceased had received continual therapeutic treatment, treatment during an operation or an unsuccessful emergency therapy. Liquid–liquid extraction and an LC‐MS/MS method were developed for the determination of these drug concentrations. When measuring many transitions in a biological matrix, two problems should be excluded: ion suppression and too few measurement points per peak. A relatively short operation time and sufficient separation were achieved by column, eluent and gradient optimization with POPLC (phase‐optimized liquid chromatography). Various autopsy materials from about 170 cases were investigated. In particular, in nine cases with four or more simultaneously determined drugs, their distribution in the compartments is very interesting for pharmacokinetic examinations. The distribution patterns of the drugs in the compartments of one individual deceased were compared. This meant that the great differences between subjects that are normally encountered these studies could be excluded. Measurements of drug concentrations in human autopsy material deepens knowledge of the respective drugs' pharmacokinetics. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sorption‐Enhanced Steam Reforming of Ethanol: Thermodynamic Comparison of CO2 Sorbents
Authors: Wu Y. J. , Díaz Alvarado F. , Santos J. C. , Gracia F. , Cunha A. F. , Rodrigues A. E.
Published: April 2012

A thermodynamic analysis is performed with a Gibbs free energy minimization method to compare the conventional steam reforming of ethanol (SRE) process and sorption‐enhanced SRE (SE‐SRE) with three different sorbents, namely, CaO, Li2ZrO3, and hydrotalcite‐like compounds (HTlc). As a result, the use of a CO2 adsorbent can enhance the hydrogen yield and provide a lower CO content in the product gas at the same time. The best performance of SE‐SRE is found to be at 500 °C with an HTlc sorbent. Nearly 6 moles hydrogen per mole ethanol can be produced, when the CO content in the vent stream is less than 10 ppm, so that the hydrogen produced via SE‐SRE with HTlc sorbents can be directly used for fuel cells. Higher pressures do not favor the overall SE‐SRE process due to lower yielding of hydrogen, although CO2 adsorption is enhanced.
Purification of β‐Galactosidase by Ion Exchange Chromatography: Elution Optimization Using an Experimental Design
Authors: Oliveira de Medeiros F. , Veiga Burkert C. A. , Juliano Kalil S.
Published: April 2012

β‐Galactosidase is an enzyme industrially used to hydrolyze milk lactose, generating dairy products destined for people intolerant to this sugar. Its importance is due to its galactosiltransferase activity. The effects of elution pH and salt gradient volume were evaluated for purification of β‐galactosidase by ion exchange chromatography using an experimental design and response surface techniques. The best conditions for purification of β‐galactosidase were pH 5.5 with an elution volume of 62.8 mL, obtaining a yield of 85.5 % and a 12‐fold increase in the purification factor in a one‐step chromatography process. Purification of β‐galactosidase by application of a single stage of ion exchange and evaluation of the important process parameters using an experimental design provided good results in the recovery and purification factor that could subsequently be scaled up.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Beryllium Halides in Liquid Ammonia: The Tetraammineberyllium Cation [Be(NH3)4]2+, Its Hydrolysis Products, and the Action of Be2+ as a Fluoride‐Ion Acceptor.
Authors: Kraus Florian , Baer Sebastian A. , Buchner Magnus R. , Karttunen Antti J.
Published: April 2012

The [Be(NH3)4]2+ ion present in compounds (II) and (III) is structurally characterized by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Features of Two Novel Alluaudite‐Like Arsenates Cd1.16Zn2.34(AsO4)1.5 (HAsO4)(H2AsO4)0.5 and Cd0.74Mg2.76(AsO4)1.5 (HAsO4)(H2AsO4)0.5.
Authors: Stojanovic Jovica , Dordevic Tamara , Karanovic Ljiljana
Published: April 2012

Single crystals of the new compounds Cd1.16Zn2.34(AsO4)1.5 (HAsO4)(H2AsO4)0.5 (I) and Cd0.74Mg2.76(AsO4)1.5 (HAsO4)(H2AsO4)0.5 (II) are hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous mixtures of Cd(OH)2, 5ZnO·2CO3·4H2O, and As2O5 in a molar ratio of 1:1:1 for (I) and Cd(OH)2, MgO, and As2O5 in a molar ratio of 1:2:1 for (II) (autoclave, 473—493 K, 72—96 h, <50% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Thermal Decomposition of LiCa(AlH4)3.
Authors: Liu D. M. , Qian Z. X. , Si T. Z. , Zhang Q. A.
Published: April 2012

The title compound is synthesized by ball‐milling of LiAlH4 and CaCl2 in a molar ratio of 3:1 for 30 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembly of High‐Dimensional Architecture from Strandberg‐Type Polyoxometalate Clusters and Silver Ions.
Authors: Zhang Chun‐Xia , Chen Ya‐Guang , Tang Qun , Zhang Zhi‐Chao , Liu Dan‐Dan , Meng Hua‐Xin
Published: April 2012

The new compound Ag12(OH)2(H2O)4KNa (P2Mo5O23)2 is synthesized by the liquid diffusion method at the interface between an ethanolic AgNO3 solution and an aqueous solutions of Na2MoO4 and NaH2PO4 (pH 3 for both solutions, 25 °C, 2 weeks; 35% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: The Heck Reaction of Allylic Alcohols Catalyzed by an Air‐Stable Phosphinito Complex of Palladium(II).
Authors: Sauza Alejandro , Morales‐Serna Jose Antonio , Garcia‐Molina Monica , Gavino Ruben , Cardenas Jorge
Published: April 2012

The regioselective method allows access to functionalized aldehydes, ketones and aromatic allylic alcohols thus opening the way to biologically interesting substances.
ChemInform Abstract: Unique Effects of Sulfur and Water on the Syntheses of Thiaheterocycles.
Authors: Sun Dong‐Qing , Yang Jing‐Kui
Published: April 2012

Several thiaheterocycles are synthesized in the one‐pot reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild, Efficient and Economical Oxidative Deprotection of Allyl Ethers.
Authors: Lokhande Pradeep D. , Nawghare Beena R.
Published: April 2012

The presented procedure is chemoselective under certain conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Annulation: Efficient Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Dihydropyrazoles from Alkynes, Hydrazines, and Aldehydes or Ketones.
Authors: Suzuki Yamato , Naoe Saori , Oishi Shinya , Fujii Nobutaka , Ohno Hiroaki
Published: April 2012

The procedure can be used for the preparation of a broad spectrum of pyrazole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecific Cross‐Coupling Between Alkenylboronates and Alkyl Halides Catalyzed by Iron—Bisphosphine Complexes.
Authors: Hashimoto Toru , Hatakeyama Takuji , Nakamura Masaharu
Published: April 2012

Formation of the pyrrole derivative (XV) from the bromide (XIV) indicates that the reaction proceeds via radical intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Tertiary Alcohols Bearing Perfluoroalkyl Chains Catalyzed by Prolinamide‐Thioureas.
Authors: Kokotos Christoforos
Published: April 2012

The prolinamide efficiently promotes the asymmetric addition of ketones to perfluoroalkylated ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Aliphatic α,α‐Difluoro‐β3‐amino Esters via a Sonocatalyzed Reformatsky Reaction.
Authors: March Taryn L. , Johnston Martin R. , Duggan Peter J.
Published: April 2012

The amino acid ester (I) acts as efficient auxiliary in the preparation of various synthetically important title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Ni‐Catalyzed Multi‐Component Coupling Reaction of Norbornene, Dimethylzinc, Butadiene, and Aldimine.
Authors: Nakamura Toshiyuki , Mori Takamichi , Togawa Mariko , Kimura Masanari
Published: April 2012

A combination of a Ni‐catalyst and dimethylzinc activates aldimines which are prepared from aldehydes (I) and primary amines (V) to undergo a multi‐component coupling reaction of norbornene (II), butadiene (III), and a methyl group to form homoallylamines (VI) in reasonable to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Acceleration of Petasis Reactions of Salicylaldehyde Derivatives with Molecular Sieves.
Authors: Shi Xianglin , Hebrault Dominique , Humora Michael , Kiesman William F. , Peng Hairuo , Talreja Tina , Wang Zezhou , Xin Zhili
Published: April 2012

The mol.sieves significantly improve the rate and conversion at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation of Doubly Deprotonated Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Braun Manfred , Meletis Panos , Visse Robin
Published: April 2012

A variety of doubly deprotonated carboxylic acids readily undergo allylic alkylation with allylic carbonates (I) and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: The Carbonylation of Phenyl Bromide and Its Derivatives under Visible Light Irradiation.
Authors: Zhong Wen Hui , Cui Ying Na , Li Shen Min , Jia Ying Ping , Yin Jing Mei
Published: April 2012

Optimized conditions are developed under very mild photolysis to yield the corresponding esters.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Chloro‐1‐methylpyridinium Iodide, and Efficient Reagent for the Conversion of Alcohols into Alkyl Thiocyanates Both under Solvent and Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Mokhtari Babak , Azadi Roya , Mardani Edris
Published: April 2012

The reaction of alcohols with (II) in the presence of the title reagent allows the direct synthesis of alkyl thiocyanates and can be achieved in acetonitrile or under solvent‐free conditions by grinding in a mortar.
ChemInform Abstract: Etherification of Functionalized Phenols with Chloroheteroarenes at Low Palladium Loading: Theoretical Assessment of the Role of Triphosphane Ligands in C—O Reductive Elimination.
Authors: Platon Melanie , Cui Luchao , Mom Sophal , Richard Philippe , Saeys Mark , Hierso Jean‐Cyrille
Published: April 2012

An air‐ and moisture‐stable tridentate ferrocenylphosphane ligand is successfully applied in the Pd‐catalyzed etherification of phenols (II) with hetaromatic chlorides (I) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative C—H Bond Arylation of Thiophenes.
Authors: Hu Peng , Zhang Min , Jie Xiaoming , Su Weiping
Published: April 2012

A combination of Ag2CO3 with Pd(O‐Ac)2/PCy3 or Pd(O‐CO‐CF3)2/PCy3 is found to efficiently promote the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzotropone‐Annulated 1‐Azaazulenes and Related Compounds by Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling/Aldol Condensation Cascade Reaction and Evaluations of Their Cytotoxic Activity Against HeLa S3 Cells.
Authors: Nakatani Makoto , Fujii Hiroyuki , Murafuji Toshihiro , Gunji Takahiro , Ikeda Reiko , Konakahara Takeo , Abe Noritaka
Published: April 2012

Products (III), (IV), and (VI) show strong cytotoxic activities, whereas (IX) does not exhibit any positive effects.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine Catalyzed Protection of α‐Hydroxy Acids and Its Application for the Synthesis of α‐Hydroxy Lactone.
Authors: Sharma Chinta Mani , Kashyap Bishwapran , Phukan Prodeep
Published: April 2012

Iodine is found to be an effective catalyst for the protection of α‐hydroxy acids under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Triazole‐Based Peptidomimetics Using Benzotriazole Methodology.
Authors: Hansen Finn K. , Beagle Lucas K. , Todadze Ekaterina , Katritzky Alan R.
Published: April 2012

All products are purified by recrystallization.
ChemInform Abstract: BF3·SiO2 Is a Simple and Efficient Lewis Acid Catalyst for the One‐Pot Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Piperidin‐4‐ones.
Authors: Dindulkar Someshwar D. , Parthiban Paramasivam , Jeong Yeon Tae
Published: April 2012

Title compounds (III) are stereospecifically synthesized by a modified Mannich condensation using silica‐supported boron trifluoride as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Cyclopropane C—H Bond Functionalization: Synthesis of Quinoline and Tetrahydroquinoline Derivatives.
Authors: Rousseaux Sophie , Liegault Benoit , Fagnou Keith
Published: April 2012

A direct one‐pot synthesis via ring‐opening/recyclization and subsequent oxidation or hydrogenation is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Oxidative Phosphonylation of Amines under Metal‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Wang Haolong , Li Xincheng , Wu Fan , Wan Boshun
Published: April 2012

A method for the regioselective α‐phosphonylation of N‐arylated tetrahydroisoquinolines allows the use of diphenyl and dialkyl phosphonates.
ChemInform Abstract: A Flexible, Convergent Route to Azaoxindoles, Azaindolines, Azaindoles, and Tetrahydroazaquinolones.
Authors: Bacque Eric , El Qacemi Myriem , Zard Samir Z.
Published: April 2012

Highly substituted, diverse title compounds are obtainable by cyclization onto pyridine rings of radicals derived from xanthates.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild Titanium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Functionalized Amino Coumarins as Fluorescence Labels.
Authors: Wirtz Lisa , Kazmaier Uli
Published: April 2012

Optimized conditions A) are developed for the preparation of various derivatives of hydroxyjulodine (I) as potential fluorescence labels and neurotransmitters.
ChemInform Abstract: PPh3‐Catalyzed Knoevenagel Condensation: A Facile Synthesis of 5‐(1H‐Indol‐3‐yl)methylene‐2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxane‐4,6‐dione, and Their N‐Alkyl Derivatives by Using PEG‐600 as the Reaction Medium.
Authors: Venkatanarayana Muvvala , Dubey Pramod Kumar
Published: April 2012

An inexpensive, readily available, and efficient catalyst is applied to the synthesis of the title compounds (III) for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Aryl‐, 2,4‐Diaryl‐ and 2,4,7‐Triarylpyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines by a Combination of the Suzuki Cross‐Coupling and N‐Arylation Reactions.
Authors: Dodonova Jelena , Skardziute Lina , Kazlauskas Karolis , Jursenas Saulius , Tumkevicius Sigitas
Published: April 2012

The preparation of diaryl‐ and triarylpyrimidines is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Borylation Reactions of Alkynes and Arynes.
Authors: Yoshida Hiroto , Kawashima Shota , Takemoto Yuki , Okada Kengo , Ohshita Joji , Takaki Ken
Published: April 2012

Easily accessible copper—phosphine complexes serve as catalyst for the formation of different vic‐diborylalkenes from arynes or alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Dysidavarones A—D, New Sesquiterpene Quinones from the Marine Sponge Dysidea avara.
Authors: Lin Hou‐Wen , et al. et al.
Published: April 2012

Dysidavarone A (Ia) and D (III) show cytotoxic activity against 4 human cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of D‐Xylose Derived Nitrone with Methyl Acrylates. Synthesis of Chiral Pyrrolidinones and Pyrrolidines.
Authors: Podolan Gabriel , Fisera Lubor , Kozisek Jozef , Fronc Marek
Published: April 2012

Cycloaddition of nitrone (I) with acrylate (II) leads to isoxazoles (III)—(V) which can be used for the preparation of carbohydrate‐substituted pyrrolidones and pyrrolidines.
ChemInform Abstract: Condensation of Catechin and Epicatechin Incorporating a TBS‐Protecting Group.
Authors: Nakajima Noriyuki , Horikawa Keiko , Takekawa Norimasa , Hamada Masahiro , Kishimoto Takao
Published: April 2012

The stereoselective synthesis of catechin and epicatechin dimers is achieved by intermolecular condensation using SnCl4 as Lewis acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of Some Novel 1,2,4‐Triazole Derivatives for Antimicrobial, Antitubercular and Antiinflammatory Activities.
Authors: Pattan Shashikant , Gadhave Priyanka , Tambe Vishal , Dengale Santosh , Thakur Deepak , Hiremath S. V. , Shete R. V. , Deotarse Pravin
Published: April 2012

Among a variety of triazoles, the derivative (I) shows significant antitubercular activity at all concentrations.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Catalysis: The Strategic Classification with Some Recent Examples.
Authors: Patil Nitin T. , Shinde Valmik S. , Gajula Balakrishna
Published: April 2012

Review: 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Niementowski Quinazoline Synthesis
Authors: Hartz Richard A.
Published: April 2012

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pechmann Pyrazole Synthesis
Authors: Mullins Richard J.
Published: April 2012

Review: 32 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hantzsch Thiazole Synthesis
Authors: Kempson James
Published: April 2012

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Davidson Oxazole Synthesis
Authors: Ahmad Nadia M.
Published: April 2012

Review: 9 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Direct C—H Arylation: Methodology, Selectivity and Mechanism in Oxazole Series
Authors: Verrier Cecile , Lassalas Pierrik , Theveau Laure , Queguiner Guy , Trecourt Francois , Marsais Francis , Hoarau Christophe
Published: April 2012

Review: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Use of Ligands in Copper‐Catalyzed [3+2] Azide—Alkyne Cycloaddition: Clicker than Click Chemistry?
Authors: Diez‐Gonzalez Silvia
Published: April 2012

Review: 164 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Five‐Membered Ring Systems: Pyrroles and Benzo Analogues
Authors: Russel Jonathon S. , Pelkey Erin T. , Greger Jessica G.
Published: April 2012

Review: 267 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ortoleva—King Reaction
Authors: Chen Ke
Published: April 2012

Review: 15 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry and Applications of Flavylium Compounds: A Handful of Colors
Authors: Pina Fernando , Melo Maria J. , Laia Cesar A. T. , Parola A. Jorge , Lima Joao C.
Published: April 2012

Review: 274 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: DNA Origami‐Based Construction of Meso‐Scale Multi‐Dimensional Architects and Expression of the Functionality in the Designed DNA Nanospace
Authors: Endo Masayuki , Sugiyama Hiroshi
Published: April 2012

Review: 42 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioinorganic Chemistry of Titanium
Authors: Buettner Katherine M. , Valentine Ann M.
Published: April 2012

Review: 397 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Conversion of Biomass to Selected Chemical Products
Authors: Gallezot Pierre
Published: April 2012

Review: 368 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Single‐Molecule Analysis Using DNA Origami
Authors: Rajendran Arivazhagan , Endo Masayuki , Sugiyama Hiroshi
Published: April 2012

Review: ca. 115 refs
ChemInform Abstract: Pump‐Probe Spectroscopy of Ultrafast Vibronic Dynamics in Organic Chromophores
Authors: Schwalb Nina K. , Siewertsen Ron , Renth Falk , Temps Friedrich
Published: April 2012

Review: 321 refs.
Modularization and Process Control
Authors: Urbas Leon , Doherr Falk , Krause Annett , Obst Michael
Published: April 2012

Anforderungen an die modularisierte Planung und Ausführung von Anlagen der Prozessindustrie stellen aus Sicht der Prozessführung drei Herausforderungen: 1) Die für die Planung mit Konstruktionsmodulen notwendige Standardisierung führt unweigerlich zu höherem Instrumentierungsaufwand. 2) Die Integration der Automatisierung der Module in ein gesamtsystemübergreifendes Prozessführungskonzept erfolgt heute zumeist manuell und ist entsprechend fehleranfällig und zeitaufwendig. 3) Die Prozessführungskonzepte der einzelnen Module müssen derart gestaltet sein, dass aus den lokalen Führungsstrategien eine globale Führungsstrategie abgeleitet werden kann. Anhand einer modularen Forschungsanlage werden verschiedene Lösungsansätze und offene Forschungsfragen diskutiert und bewertet.
Design of a Water‐Soluble Hybrid Nanocomposite of CdTe Quantum Dots and an Iridium Complex for Photoinduced Charge Transfer
Authors: Wang Yu , Li Steve , Kershaw Stephen V. , Hetsch Frederik , Tam Anthony Y. Y. , Shan Guangcun , Susha Andrei S. , Ko Chi‐Chiu , Wing‐Wah Yam Vivian , Lo Kenneth K. W. , Rogach Andrey L.
Published: April 2012

We report the use of an organo‐iridium dye conjugated with a water‐soluble copolyethylenimine polymer, allowing the hybrid material to be used in combination with thioacid‐coated CdTe quantum dots in an aqueous medium. When they are combined, hot carrier cooling observed in the pure quantum‐dot case is heavily suppressed indicating fast (ps) electron transfer on a timescale that competes with non‐radiative (Auger) relaxation.
Validation of a multiparameter flow cytometry method for the determination of phosphorylated extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase and DNA in circulating tumor cells
Authors: Pluim Dick , Devriese Lot A. , Beijnen Jos H. , Schellens Jan H. M.
Published: April 2012

A simple, selective, and sensitive multiparameter fluorescence activated cell sorting method utilizing density gradient centrifugation and magnetic antibody cell sorting was developed and validated for the determination of phosphorylated extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase (pERK) and DNA in circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Cell preparation tubes (CPT) were used for peripheral blood collection and density gradient centrifugation, followed by phosphorylation of ERK with epidermal growth factor (EGF). After fixation with formaldehyde and methanol, magnetic anti epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) micro‐beads were used for the selective isolation of CTCs from the background, consisting of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and platelets. Subsequently, samples were stained with Hoechst 33342, and fluorescent antibodies against EpCAM, CD45, and pERK. Flow cytometry was used for identification and enumeration of CTCs and determination of their pERK and DNA content. The validation parameters included specificity, recovery, linearity, precision, sensitivity, and stability. The lower limit of quantification was two CTCs per 8 ml peripheral blood. Samples were stable for 4 months in storage at −80°C. The applicability of the method was demonstrated by successful enumeration of CTCs, and the determination of DNA, and pERK before and after stimulation with EGF in 8 ml peripheral blood samples from patients with metastatic cancer. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A novel multiparameter flow cytometric assay for inosine triphosphatase expression analysis in leukocytes
Authors: Vroemen Wim H. M. , Munnix Imke C. A. , Bakker Jaap A. , Bierau Jörgen , Huts Mark , Leers Mathie P. G.
Published: April 2012

The aim of this study was to assess inosine triphosphate (ITPase) expression in the different leukocyte populations present in peripheral blood samples of a nonimmune compromised control group. For this purpose, a multiparameter flow cytometric assay was developed and performed to study ITPase expression in peripheral leukocyte subpopulations of healthy volunteers (n = 20). Qualitative ITPase expression was assessed by determining the percentage of ITPase‐positive cells. Quantitative data were obtained by measuring the median fluorescent intensity (MFI). Subcellular localization of ITPase was analyzed using immunocytochemistry. Immunocytochemistry showed that ITPase is present in all leukocytes and localized intracellular. Based on this finding, a multiparameter flow cytometric assay was developed using a Fix & Perm strategy. Qualitative and quantitative ITPase expression remained stable (variation, <10%) for at least 48 h after blood sampling. MFI values showed that activated monocytes contained significantly more ITPase when compared to the total monocyte fraction (P < 0.0001), which subsequently had a higher amount of expression than granulocytes (P < 0.0001). In addition, the phagocyte subpopulations ([activated] monocytes and granulocytes) contained significantly higher levels of ITPase when compared to lymphocytes (P < 0.0001). Within the lymphocyte fraction, it appeared that T‐helper cells contained significantly higher ITPase levels when compared to cytotoxic T cells, B lymphocytes, and natural killer cells (P < 0.0001). Our study is the first which describes a flow cytometry assay to analyze ITPase expression in leukocytes qualitatively as well as quantitatively and visualizes the intracellular localization of ITPase in leukocytes. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Practical guidelines for the high‐sensitivity detection and monitoring of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria clones by flow cytometry
Authors: Sutherland D. Robert , Keeney Michael , Illingworth Andrea
Published: April 2012

Background:

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a life‐threatening disorder caused by an inability to make glyco‐phosphatidyl‐inositol (GPI) anchors. While flow cytometry is the method of choice to detect the loss of GPI‐linked proteins, the development and validation of sensitive, standardized, methodologies have been hampered by the rarity of this disease and by technical difficulties in the accurate identification of PNH cells.

Methods:

Guidelines for the diagnosis and monitoring of PNH by flow cytometry were recently published by the International Clinical Cytometry Society (ICCS). However, specific reagent cocktails, and associated detailed analytic strategies were not directly addressed therein. In this supporting document based on the ICCS guidelines, we provide concise practical protocols for the high‐sensitivity detection of PNH RBCs and WBCs (both granulocytes and monocytes).

Results:

The CD235aFITC/CD59PE assay described was capable of detecting as few as 20 Type III PNH RBCs per million cells. Frequencies of Type III PNH cells in 10 normal samples were in the 0–6 per million RBCs. The high‐resolution granulocyte/neutrophil assays described in this study could detect PNH phenotypes consistently at a level of 0.01% sensitivity. Frequencies of PNH phenotypes in normal individuals were in the 0–10 per million granulocytes/neutrophils range.

Conclusions:

The careful screening and selection of specific antibody conjugates has allowed the development of reagent cocktails suitable for high‐sensitivity flow cytometric detection of PNH RBCs and PNH WBCs. The reagent cocktails described herein can be used on a variety of clinical flow cytometers equipped with four or more photo multiplier tubes. © 2012 International Clinical Cytometry Society
A roadside unit‐based localization scheme for vehicular ad hoc networks
Authors: Ou Chia‐Ho
Published: April 2012

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), designed to ensure the safety and comfort of passengers via the exchange of information amongst nearby vehicles or between the vehicles and Roadside Units (RSUs), have attracted particular attention. However, the success of many VANET applications depends on their ability to estimate the vehicle position with a high degree of precision, and thus, many vehicle localization schemes have been proposed. Many of these schemes are based on vehicle‐mounted Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. However, the GPS signals are easily disturbed or obstructed. Although this problem can be resolved by vehicle‐to‐vehicle communication schemes, such schemes are effective only in VANETs with a high traffic density. Accordingly, this paper presents a VANET localization scheme in which each vehicle estimates its location on the basis of beacon messages broadcast periodically by pairs of RSUs deployed on either side of the road. In addition, three enhancements to the proposed scheme are presented for the RSU deployment, RSU beacon collisions, and RSU failures. Overall, the ns‐2 simulation results show that the localization scheme achieves a lower localization error than existing solutions on the basis of vehicle‐to‐vehicle communications and is robust toward changes in the traffic density and the vehicle speed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Gal4/UAS system for conditional transgene expression in rhombomere 4 of the zebrafish hindbrain
Authors: Choe Seong‐Kyu , Nakamura Mako , Ladam Franck , Etheridge Letitiah , Sagerström Charles G.
Published: April 2012

Background: The zebrafish is well established as a model organism for the study of vertebrate embryogenesis, but transgenic lines enabling restricted gene expression are still lacking for many tissues. Results: We first generated the hoxb1a(β−globin):eGFPum8 line that expresses eGFP in hindbrain rhombomere 4 (r4), as well as in facial motor neurons migrating caudally from r4. Second, we generated the hoxb1a(β‐globin) Gal4VP16um60 line to express the exogenous Gal4VP16 transcription factor in r4. Lastly, we prepared the UAS(β‐actin):hoxa3aum61 line where the hoxa3a gene, which is normally expressed in r5 and r6, is under control of Gal4‐regulated UAS elements. Crossing the hoxb1a(β−globin):Gal4VP16um60 line to the UAS(β‐actin):hoxa3aum61 line drives robust hoxa3a expression in r4. We find that transgenic expression of hoxa3a in r4 does not affect hoxb1a expression, but has variable effects on migration of facial motorneurons and formation of Mauthner neurons. While cases of somatic transgene silencing have been reported in zebrafish, we have not observed such silencing to date, possibly because of our efforts to minimize repetitive sequences in the transgenic constructs. Conclusion: We have generated three transgenic lines that will be useful for future studies by permitting the labeling of r4‐derived cells, as well as by enabling r4‐specific expression of various transgenes. Developmental Dynamics 241:1125–1132, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
NaEu3(GeO4)2(OH)2: A High‐Pressure‐Stable Photoluminescent Lanthanide Germanate
Authors: Zhao Xinguang , Yan Tingting , Wang Kai , Yan Yan , Zou Bo , Yu Jihong , Xu Ruren
Published: April 2012

The europium germanate NaEu3(GeO4)2(OH)2 was prepared under mild hydrothermal conditions. In situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction analysis and photoluminescence spectroscopic measurement in a diamond anvil cell (DAC) under high pressure were performed to study its structural stability as well as the luminescent properties of the Eu3+ ions. The synchrotron X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that the structure of NaEu3(GeO4)2(OH)2 was stable under pressure that ranged from 1 atm to 20 GPa with only a little distortion, and the unit‐cell compression occurred more readily along the a axis than along the c axis. When the pressure was reduced to ambient pressure, the distortion and the unit cell recovered to the original state. Photoluminescence spectroscopic studies under high pressure showed that the redshift of the 5D0 → 7FJ (J = 0, 1, 2) transitions and the pressure imposed on the sample had a good linear relationship. Also, the intensity of the red emission lines was independent of the pressure in the range from 9 to about 20 GPa.
Subspace system identification of support‐excited structures—part I: theory and black‐box system identification
Authors: Kim Junhee , Lynch Jerome P.
Published: April 2012

This paper reviews the theoretical principles of subspace system identification as applied to the problem of estimating black‐box state‐space models of support‐excited structures (e.g., structures exposed to earthquakes). The work distinguishes itself from past studies by providing readers with a powerful geometric interpretation of subspace operations that relates directly to theoretical structural dynamics. To validate the performance of subspace system identification, a series of experiments are conducted on a multistory steel frame structure exposed to moderate seismic ground motions; structural response data is used off‐line to estimate black‐box state‐space models. Ground motions and structural response measurements are used by the subspace system identification method to derive a complete input–output state‐space model of the steel frame system. The modal parameters of the structure are extracted from the estimated input–output state‐space model. With the use of only structural response data, output‐only state‐space models of the system are also estimated by subspace system identification. The paper concludes with a comparison study of the modal parameters extracted from the input–output and output‐only state‐space models in order to quantify the uncertainties present in modal parameters extracted from output‐only models. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychopathological and Clinical Features of Remitted Anorexia Nervosa Patients: A Six‐year Follow‐up Study
Authors: Lo Sauro Carolina , Castellini Giovanni , Lelli Lorenzo , Faravelli Carlo , Ricca Valdo
Published: April 2012

Objective

Remission from anorexia nervosa (AN) is a controversial issue, as remitted individuals have been found to show residual anorectic attitudes and concerns about weight and shape. The aims of this study were to evaluate the psychopathological features of remitted AN subjects 6 years after the end of a cognitive behavioural therapy and the predictors of reduction in psychopathology.

Methods

The sample was composed of 134 AN subjects, evaluated at baseline, at the end of treatment, 3 and 6 years after the end of treatment, by means of the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition and several self‐reported questionnaires.

Results

Remitted patients at 6 years of follow‐up still showed higher eating and shape concerns, compared with healthy controls. Duration of illness, obsessive‐compulsive and depressive symptoms were moderators of change in psychopathology across time.

Discussion

Psychopathological features represent an enduring trait for AN patients. General psychopathology showed different effects on symptoms reduction across time. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.