bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-shot super-resolution quantitative phase imaging allowed by coherence gate shaping
Authors: Ďuriš Miroslav , Bouchal Petr , Chmelík Radim
Published: March 2023

Biomedical and metasurface researchers repeatedly reach for quantitative phase imaging (QPI) as their primary imaging technique due to its high-throughput, label-free, quantitative nature. So far, very little progress has been made toward achieving super-resolution in QPI. However, the possible super-resolving QPI would satisfy the need for quantitative observation of previously unresolved biological specimen features and allow unprecedented throughputs in the imaging of dielectric metasurfaces. Here we present a method capable of real-time super-resolution QPI, which we achieve by shaping the coherence gate in the holographic microscope with partially coherent illumination. Our approach is based on the fact that the point spread function (PSF) of such a system is a product of the diffraction-limited spot and the coherence-gating function, which is shaped similarly to the superoscillatory hotspot. The product simultaneously produces the PSF with a super-resolution central peak and minimizes sidelobe effects commonly devaluating the superoscillatory imaging. The minimization of sidelobes and resolution improvement co-occur in the entire field of view. Therefore, for the first time, we achieve a single-shot widefield super-resolution QPI. We demonstrate here resolution improvement on simulated as well as experimental data. A phase resolution target image shows a resolving power improvement of 19%. Finally, we show the practical feasibility by applying the proposed method to the imaging of biological specimens.
Exploring the ‘grey nomad’ travelling population of Australia and its health: an integrative literature review
Authors: Yates Margaret , Perry Lin , Onyx Jenny , Levett-Jones Tracy
Published: March 2023

With increasing numbers of baby boomers retiring and taking to the road in rural and remote Australia, often for extended periods, this review aimed to identify the characteristics of these ‘grey nomads’ travelling across Australia, their experiences in relation to their health and social needs and their access to health care. To this end, an integrative literature review with narrative analysis was conducted. Studies of Australian grey nomad travellers published from 1999 to January 2020 were sourced from Ovid Emcare, Medline/PreMedline, Embase, PsychINFO, Academic Search Complete and Google Scholar. Fourteen records based on 11 studies described grey nomads as predominantly older heterosexual couples who defied the conventional view of aging by seeking adventure and new experiences. Many planned for their health needs while travelling, and their health was overwhelmingly reported to improve with the nomadic lifestyle. This review demonstrates the paucity of data about grey nomads. Information on travellers’ health care needs and service usage is a significant gap, undermining regional and rural service planning and the provision of healthcare services, and represents a considerable challenge for healthcare providers such as GPs, pharmacies and emergency departments.
Biological response of 3D-printed β-tricalcium phosphate bioceramic scaffolds with the hollow tube structure
Authors: Tian Yuchen , Ma Hongshi , Yu Xiaopeng , Feng Boshi , Yang Zhibo , Zhang Wei , Wu Chengtie
Published: March 2023

It is a large clinical challenge to repair critical-size bone defects, and vascularization in the early stage is of vital importance in bone regeneration. In recent years, 3D-printed bioceramic is a kind of common bioactive scaffold for repairing bone defects. However, conventional 3D-printed bioceramic scaffolds consist of stacked solid struts with low porosity, which limits the ability of angiogenesis and bone regeneration. The hollow tube structure can induce endothelial cells to build the vascular system. In this study, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) bioceramic scaffolds containing the hollow tube structure were prepared with digital light processing-based 3D printing strategy. The physicochemical properties and osteogenic activities of prepared scaffolds could be precisely controlled by adjusting the parameters of hollow tubes. Compared with solid bioceramic scaffolds, such scaffolds could significantly improve the proliferation and attachment activity of rabbit bone mesenchymal stem cells in vitro, and facilitate early angiogenesis and subsequent osteogenesis in vivo. Therefore, β-TCP bioceramic scaffolds with the hollow tube structure possess great potential application for the treatment of critical-size bone defects.
The enhanced generation of motor neurons from mESCs by MgAl layered double hydroxide nanoparticles
Authors: Bai Yuxin , Wang Zhaojie , Yu Liqun , Dong Kun , Cheng Liming , Zhu Rongrong
Published: March 2023

The committed differentiation of stem cells into neurons is a promising therapeutic strategy for neurological diseases. Predifferentiation of transplanted stem cells into neural precursors could enhance their utilization and control the direction of differentiation. Embryonic stem cells with totipotency can differentiate into specific nerve cells under appropriate external induction conditions. Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles have been proven to regulate the pluripotency of mouse ESCs (mESCs), and LDH could be used as carrier in neural stem cells for nerve regeneration. Hence, we sought to study the effects of LDH without loaded factors on mESCs neurogenesis in this work. A series of characteristics analyses indicated the successful construction of LDH nanoparticles. LDH nanoparticles that may adhere to the cell membranes had insignificant effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis. The enhanced differentiation of mESCs into motor neurons by LDH was systematically validated by immunofluorescent staining, quantitative real-time PCR analysis and western blot analysis. In addition, transcriptome sequencing analysis and mechanism verification elucidated the significant regulatory roles of focal adhesion signaling pathway in the enhanced mESCs neurogenesis by LDH. Taken together, the functional validation of inorganic LDH nanoparticles promoting motor neurons differentiation provide a novel strategy and therapeutic prospect for the clinical transition of neural regeneration.
Stranded nations? Transition risks and opportunities towards a clean economy
Authors: Andres Pia , Mealy Penny , Handler Nils , Fankhauser Samuel
Published: March 2023

The transition away from a fossil-fuel powered economy towards a cleaner production system will create winners and losers in the global trade system. We compile a list of ‘brown’ traded products whose use is highly likely to decline if the world is to mitigate climate change, and explore which countries are most at risk of seeing their productive capabilities ‘stranded’. Using methods from economic geography and complexity, we develop novel measures of transition risk that capture the extent to which countries’ export profiles are locked-in to brown products. We show that countries exporting a high number of brown products, especially technologically sophisticated ones, could find it relatively easy to transition. Conversely, countries with exports highly concentrated in a few, low-complexity brown products have much fewer nearby diversification opportunities. Our results suggest that export complexity and diversity play a key role in determining transition risk. Path-breaking diversification strategies are needed to prevent nations from becoming stranded.
Conserved charges in the quantum simulation of integrable spin chains
Authors: Maruyoshi Kazunobu , Okuda Takuya , Pedersen Juan W , Suzuki Ryo , Yamazaki Masahito , Yoshida Yutaka
Published: March 2023

When simulating the time evolution of quantum many-body systems on a digital quantum computer, one faces the challenges of quantum noise and of the Trotter error due to time discretization. For certain spin chains, it is possible to discretize the time evolution preserving integrability, so that an extensive set of conserved charges are exactly conserved after discretization. In this work we implement, on real quantum computers and on classical simulators, the integrable Trotterization of the spin-

1

/

2

Heisenberg XXX spin chain. We study how quantum noise affects the time evolution of several conserved charges, and observe the decay of the expectation values. We in addition study the early time behaviors of time evolution, which can potentially be used to benchmark quantum devices and algorithms in the future. We also provide an efficient method to generate the conserved charges at higher orders.
Methodological proposal for estimating polluting emissions: Case of Cuenca, Ecuador
Authors: Bermeo Naula Andrea , Molina Campoverde Paúl , Campoverde Néstor Rivera
Published: March 2023

This paper presents a methodology for estimating polluting emissions in the city of Cuenca, Ecuador. Currently, the polluting emissions inventory ignores several important factors in the generation of emissions produced by mobile sources. The COPERT emissions inventory model does not consider the speed profile of the vehicles and the tests carried out in the vehicle technical inspection centers are carried out empty and without any opposing load to the engine. For this reason, it is proposed that the vehicles be tested in dynamic conditions according to the EURO 6 regulations and the implementation of the real emissions cycle, allowing to obtain driving characteristics and values that are closer to reality. Subsequently, the model is adjusted using neural networks and the estimation of pollutants for the period 2008 - 2018 is carried out. According to the data found, the average percentage of error is 35.26% between the estimates made according to the EURO 6 standard and the values of the COPERT III emissions inventory.
Thermal bridges in buildings of consolidated contexts in high-altitude cities. Case study: Ambato, Ecuador
Authors: Pazmiño Lucía , Llerena Freddy , Cornejo Gabriela , de la Torre Emily
Published: March 2023

This research work has been centered on the study of thermal bridges in the urban area of the city of Ambato, this city is located at an altitude of 2570m with an average temperature of 15°C throughout the year, the construction systems used in the study area mostly consist of a layer of material either clay brick or concrete block and exterior and interior finishing’s. The objective is to diagnose the points where thermal leaks can be found in consolidated environments and to provide possible solutions in different construction elements. The methodology used is based on a mixed study, which analyzes the urban context, the buildings present, the construction materials used, their relationship with the current climate of the area and the quantification of latent temperatures for further simulation. The results were obtained through a calculation software where the diagnosis and the improvement plan were simulated to increase the ambient temperature of the houses from 15-17°C to the range of 20-24°C within the comfort temperature range for interior spaces. This study concluded that it is possible to significantly improve the thermal performance of buildings in consolidated contexts with specific interventions.
Testing Whether Higher Contact Among the Vaccinated Can Be a Mechanism for Observed Negative Vaccine Effectiveness
Authors: Bodner Korryn , Knight Jesse , Hamilton Mackenzie A , Mishra Sharmistha
Published: March 2023

Evidence from early observational studies suggested negative vaccine effectiveness (${V}_{Eff}$) for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant. Since true ${V}_{Eff}$ is unlikely to be negative, we explored how differences in contact among vaccinated persons (e.g., potentially from the implementation of vaccine mandates) could lead to observed negative ${V}_{Eff}$. Using a susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) transmission model, we examined how vaccinated-contact heterogeneity, defined as an increase in the contact rate only between vaccinated individuals, interacted with 2 mechanisms of vaccine efficacy: vaccine efficacy against susceptibility ($V{E}_S$) and vaccine efficacy against infectiousness ($V{E}_I$), to produce underestimated and in some cases, negative measurements of ${V}_{Eff}$. We found that vaccinated-contact heterogeneity led to negative estimates when $V{E}_I$, and especially $V{E}_S$, were low. Moreover, we determined that when contact heterogeneity was very high, ${V}_{Eff}$ could still be underestimated given relatively high vaccine efficacies (0.7), although its effect on ${V}_{Eff}$ was strongly reduced. We also found that this contact heterogeneity mechanism generated a signature temporal pattern: The largest underestimates and negative measurements of ${V}_{Eff}$ occurred during epidemic growth. Overall, our research illustrates how vaccinated-contact heterogeneity could have feasibly produced negative measurements during the Omicron period and highlights its general ability to bias observational studies of ${V}_{Eff}$.
The Correlation Between the Improvement in Patient's Quality of Life and Surgeon's Satisfaction Following Primary Breast Augmentation: A Prospective Study
Authors: Marangi Giovanni Francesco , Gratteri Marco , Mirra Carlo , Cogliandro Annalisa , Savani Luca , Ciarrocchi Silvia , Pagano Federico , Cagli Barbara , Segreto Francesco , Persichetti Paolo
Published: March 2023

Background

Patient satisfaction is the primary goal in breast augmentation, but in a few cases patient satisfaction and surgeon satisfaction are in disagreement.

Objectives

The authors try to explain the reasons associated with disparity between patient and surgeon satisfaction.

Methods

Seventy-one patients who underwent primary breast augmentation with dual-plane technique, with inframammary or inferior hemi-periareolar incision, were enrolled in this prospective study. Quality of life was evaluated with BREAST-Q preoperatively and postoperatively. Preoperative and postoperative photographic analysis was performed by a heterogeneous group of experts who completed the validated Breast Aesthetic Scale (BAS). The patient satisfaction score was compared with the overall appearance as determined by the validated BAS; a difference in score of 1 or more was considered a discordant judgement. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 18.0, with values of P < .01 considered statistically significant.

Results

BREAST-Q analysis showed a significative improvement in quality of life on the psychosocial well-being, sexual well-being, and physical well-being chest scale and satisfaction with the breast (P < .01). Of the 71 pairs, 60 had a concordant judgment between patient and surgeon, and 11 were discordant. The score expressed by the patients (4.35 ± 0.69) was on average higher than that of the third-party observers (3.88 ± 0.58), with P < .001.

Conclusions

Patient satisfaction is the main goal following the success of a surgical or medical procedure. BREAST-Q and photographs during the preoperative period are helpful to understanding the patient's real expectations.

Level of Evidence: 3
Monthly abundance and diversity of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in an Atlantic Forest area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: de Araujo-Oliveira Alexandre , Alencar Jerônimo , de Almeida Marques William , Teixeira Serdeiro Michele , dos Santos Mallet Jacenir Reis
Published: March 2023

Several mosquito species in the Atlantic Forest are yellow fever vectors; therefore, this biome can represent a potential risk to the human population. Studies on mosquitoes from predominantly sylvatic areas produce valuable data for understanding the emergence of new epidemics. In addition, they can elucidate environmental components favoring or hindering biodiversity and species distribution. Our study aimed to evaluate the monthly distribution, composition, diversity, and influence of seasonal periods (dry and rainy) on the mosquito fauna. We used CDC light traps at different levels in a forest area bordering a Conservation Unit of Nova Iguaçu in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Specimens were collected from August 2018 to July 2019 by installing traps in sampling sites under different vegetation covers. We detected some species of epidemiological importance in terms of arbovirus transmission. A total of 4,048 specimens representing 20 different species were collected. Among them, Aedes (Stg.) albopictus Skuse, 1894 showed recurrent association with the closest level to human residences and Haemagogus (Con.) leucocelaenus Dyar and Shannon, 1924 with the most distant levels. Since these mosquitoes are possible vectors of yellow fever, monitoring the area is extremely important. Under the studied conditions, the mosquito populations were directly influenced by dry and rainy periods, posing a risk to the nearby resident population.
Epidemiology and Characteristics of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pneumonia in Critically Ill Adults
Authors: Kim Taeeun , Huh Jin Won , Hong Sang-Bum , Jung Jiwon , Kim Min Jae , Chong Yong Pil , Sung Heungsup , Doh Kyung Hyun , Kim Sung-Han , Lee Sang-Oh , Kim Yang Soo , Lim Chae-Man , Koh Younsuck , Choi Sang-Ho
Published: March 2023

Background

Severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)–associated pneumonia in adults has rarely been addressed. We investigated the burden and clinical characteristics of severe RSV-associated pneumonia in critically ill adult patients.

Methods

We analyzed a prospective cohort of 2865 adults with severe pneumonia who were admitted to the intensive care unit in a 2700-bed tertiary care hospital from 2010 to 2019. The epidemiology, characteristics, and outcomes of 92 cases of severe RSV-associated pneumonia and 163 cases of severe influenza virus (IFV)–associated pneumonia were compared.

Results

Of 1589 cases of severe community-acquired pneumonia, the incidence of RSV-associated pneumonia was less than half that of IFV-associated pneumonia (3.4% vs 8.1%). However, among 1276 cases of severe hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), there were slightly more cases of RSV-associated than IFV-associated pneumonia (3.8% vs 3.5%). During the 9 epidemic seasons, RSV-A (5 seasons) and RSV-B (4 seasons) predominated alternately. Structural lung disease, diabetes mellitus, and malignancy were common underlying diseases in both groups. Immunocompromise (57.6% vs 34.4%; P < .001) and hospital acquisition (47.8% vs 23.9%; P < .001) were significantly more common in the RSV group. Coinfection with Streptococcus pneumoniae (3.3% vs 9.8%; P = .08) and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (1.1% vs 6.8%; P = .06) tended to be less frequent in the RSV group. The 90-day mortality was high in both groups (39.1% vs 40.5%; P = .89).

Conclusions

RSV infection was associated with substantial morbidity and mortality in critically ill adult patients, similar to IFV. The relatively higher incidence of RSV in severe HAP suggests that the transmissibility of RSV can exceed that of IFV in a hospital setting.
Nonoperative Management of Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Sung Vivian W. , Jeppson Peter , Madsen Annetta
Published: March 2023

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is defined as the descent of one or more of the anterior, posterior, or apical vagina. It is a common condition, with up to 50% of women having prolapse on examination in their lifetimes. This article provides an overview of the evaluation and discussion of nonoperative management of POP for the obstetrician–gynecologist (ob-gyn), with consideration of recommendations from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the American Urogynecologic Society, and the International Urogynecological Association. The initial evaluation of POP requires a history documenting whether the patient is experiencing symptoms and what they are, and discovery of which symptoms they believe are attributable to prolapse. Examination determines the vaginal compartment(s) and to what degree prolapse exists. In general, only patients who have symptomatic prolapse or medical indication should be offered treatment. Although surgical options exist, all patients who are symptomatic and desire treatment should be offered nonsurgical treatment first, including pelvic floor physical therapy or a pessary trial. Appropriateness, expectations, complications, and counseling points are reviewed. Educational opportunities between the patient and the ob-gyn include disentangling common beliefs that the bladder is dropping or that concomitant urinary or bowel symptoms are necessarily caused by prolapse. Improving patient education can lead to a better understanding of their condition and better alignment of treatment goals and expectations.
Complete response to tislelizumab in a metastatic urothelial carcinoma after surgery associated with high tumor mutational burden: a case report
Authors: Jin Jing , Yang Qidong , Yu Yangyang , Chen Lin , Pan Shouhua
Published: March 2023

Metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) is associated with poor prognosis. Cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy is the preferred initial regimen for patients with mUC. However, a substantial proportion of patients cannot receive cisplatin-based chemotherapy due to renal impairment or other comorbidities. Currently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) showed to be effective in cisplatin-ineligible mUC patients on first-line treatment. Tislelizumab is an anti-human programmed death receptor-1 monoclonal IgG4 antibody, which was specifically engineered to minimize binding to FcɣR on macrophages to abrogate antibody-dependent phagocytosis. But there is no report of tislelizumab as a first-line treatment for cisplatin-ineligible patients with mUC currently. Here, we report a cisplatin-ineligible mUC patient with PD-L1-negative, microsatellite stable (MSS), high tumor mutational burden (TMB-H) obtained complete response receiving tislelizumab therapy after laparoscopic debulking surgery. Progression-free survival has exceeded 16 months since treatment with tislelizumab. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of cisplatin-ineligible mUC patient with PD-L1-negative, MSS and TMB-H who responded well to tislelizumab as a first-line treatment. However, we still need more studies to assess the efficacy of tislelizumab as a first-line treatment in cisplatin-ineligible mUC patients and to confirm predictive values of TMB for efficacy of tislelizumab.
Occupational exposure register-based cohort study on mortality among asbestos-related workers in Italy after the ban
Authors: Scarselli Alberto , Corfiati Marisa , Marinaccio Alessandro
Published: March 2023

Objective:

Asbestos is a human carcinogen and can cause some types of cancer, including mesothelioma. A relevant number of workers are still engaged in asbestos removal and disposal activities, whose actual risk of asbestos-related diseases is still scarcely recognized. The main objective of this study is to assess the cause-specific mortality among workers involved in asbestos removal and disposal after the ban in Italy.

Methods

Data from the Information System on Occupational Exposure to carcinogens (SIREP) in the period 1996–2018 were selected. Proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) by cause of death were calculated by linking exposure occupational information to national mortality statistics (2005–2018), assuming a Poisson distribution of the data.

Results

A total of 142 deaths (all men) were identified among 13 715 asbestos removal and disposal workers. A significant excess (P < 0.05) of mesothelioma deaths was found among male workers, about five-fold the expected. A significant increase in the mortality ratio was also found for malignant melanoma of skin.

Conclusions

A risk of mesothelioma has been found among workers involved in asbestos removal and disposal. Epidemiological surveillance and promotion of prevention action plans are highly recommended for workers engaged in asbestos removal and disposal activities, to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements and reduce the still relevant risk of contracting the related tumor pathology.
Modern methods in managing urachal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Taktak Samih , El-Taji Omar , Hanchanale Vishwanath
Published: March 2023

Objectives

We sought to evaluate modern diagnostic and treatment options for urachal adenocarcinoma (UAC) and to provide clarity regarding the available options and their outcomes for this poorly understood yet damaging disease.

Material and methods

We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed and Medline focusing on updated management of UAC.

Results

Surgical intervention continues to be the mainstay of treatment for localized UAC. However, with the increased availability of molecular and genetic profiling, chemotherapy has consistently demonstrated promising response rates and survival outcomes, especially for a disease that commonly presents in a metastatic stage. The role of checkpoint inhibitors remains under investigation. Cross-sectional imaging is vital during postoperative surveillance. However, there may also be a role for the adoption of cystoscopy to detect bladder recurrence.

Conclusions

Although the importance of surgical resection remains unchanged, improved survival outcomes with chemotherapy have been found in small retrospective studies. Randomized trial data are required to further assess the influence of systemic treatment as a primary or adjuvant therapy. Moreover, a stringent follow-up regimen incorporating evaluation for distant and local recurrence of UAC must be evaluated and adopted.
Creation and validation of a novel low-cost dry lab for early resident training and assessment of robotic prostatectomy technical proficiency
Authors: Kunitsky Kevin , Venkataramana Abhishek , Fero Katherine E. , Ballon Jorge , Komberg Jacob , Reiter Robert , Brisbane Wayne
Published: March 2023

Purpose

To evaluate the preliminary validity and acceptability of a low-cost low-fidelity robotic surgery dry lab for training and assessing residents’ technical proficiency with key robotic radical prostatectomy steps.

Materials and methods

Three standardized inanimate tasks were created to simulate the radical prostatectomy steps of posterior dissection, neurovascular bundle release, and urethrovesical anastomosis. Urology trainees and faculty at a single institution completed and evaluated each dry lab task. Construct validity was evaluated by comparing task completion times and Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills scores across four participant cohorts: medical students (n = 5), junior residents (n = 5), senior residents (n = 5), and attending surgeons (n = 7). Content validity, face validity, and acceptability were evaluated through a posttask survey using a 5-point Likert scale.

Results

There was a significant difference in the individual and composite task completion times and Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills scores across all participant cohorts (all p < 0.01). The model was rated favorably in terms of its content validity and acceptability for use in residency training. However, model realism, compared with human tissue, was poorly rated. The dry lab production cost was less than US $25.

Conclusions

This low-cost procedure-specific dry lab demonstrated evidence of content validity, construct validity, and acceptability for simulating key robotic prostatectomy technical steps and can be used to augment robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy surgical training.
The Association of Cone-shaped Epiphysis and Poland Syndrome
Authors: Alzahrani Abdullah M. , AlMarshad Felwa A. , AlSaud Nora N. , Alkhunani Tala A. , Aldawish Reema A. , AlMathami Ali A. , Al-Qattan Mohammad M.
Published: March 2023

Poland syndrome is a congenital anomaly with two clinical features: unilateral agenesis of the pectoralis major and ipsilateral hand symbrachydactyly. We report a rare case of bilateral Poland syndrome with several unique features. Poland syndrome is thought to be due to a vascular insult to the subclavian axis around the sixth week of gestation. Our patient has multiple rare and unique features of Poland syndrome. For the first time in the literature, we associate Poland syndrome with cone-shaped epiphysis of the metacarpals of all fingers. Bilaterality, cleft hand deformity, and dextrocardia were also rare features in our patient.
Early Simultaneous Cross Facial Nerve Graft and Masseteric Nerve Transfer for Facial Paralysis after Tumor Resection
Authors: Sergesketter Amanda R. , Shammas Ronnie L. , Massa Lisa A. , Phillips Brett T. , Marcus Jeffrey R.
Published: March 2023

Background:

We describe a new approach for facial reanimation after skull base tumor resection with known facial nerve sacrifice, involving simultaneous masseter nerve transfer with selective cross facial nerve grafting (CFNG) within days after tumor surgery. This preliminary study compared outcomes of this approach versus a staged procedure involving a masseter nerve “babysitter” performed in a delayed timeline.

Methods:

Patients undergoing masseter nerve transfer and CFNG for facial paralysis after skull base tumor resection were consented to participate in video interviews. Facial Clinimetric Evaluation (FaCE) Scale (0–100) patient-reported outcome, eFACE, and Facial Grading Scale scores were compared.

Results:

Nine patients had unilateral facial paralysis from resection of a schwannoma (56%), acoustic neuroma (33%), or vascular malformation (11%). Five underwent early simultaneous CFNG and masseter nerve transfer (mean 3.6 days after resection), whereas four underwent two-stage reanimation including a babysitter procedure (mean 218 days after resection). Postoperative FaCE scale and Facial Grading Scale scores were similar in both groups (P > 0.05). Postoperative mean eFACE scores were similar for both groups for smile (early: 71.5 versus delayed: 75.5; P = 0.08), static (76.3 versus 82.1; P = 0.32), and dynamic scores (59.7 versus 64.9; P = 0.19); however, synkinesis scores were inferior in the early group (76.4 versus 91.1; P = 0.04).

Conclusions:

Early simultaneous masseter nerve transfer and CFNG provides reanimated movement sooner and in fewer stages than a staged approach in a delayed timeline. The early technique appears to result in similar clinician- and patient-reported outcomes compared with delayed procedures; however, in this preliminary study, the early approach was associated with greater synkinesis, meriting further investigation.
Peripheral transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 hypersensitivity contributes to chronic sickle cell disease pain
Authors: Ehlers Vanessa L. , Sadler Katelyn E. , Stucky Cheryl L.
Published: March 2023

Debilitating pain affects the lives of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Current pain treatment for patients with SCD fail to completely resolve acute or chronic SCD pain. Previous research indicates that the cation channel transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) mediates peripheral hypersensitivity in various inflammatory and neuropathic pain conditions that may share similar pathophysiology with SCD, but this channel's role in chronic SCD pain remains unknown. Thus, the current experiments examined whether TRPV4 regulates hyperalgesia in transgenic mouse models of SCD. Acute blockade of TRPV4 alleviated evoked behavioral hypersensitivity to punctate, but not dynamic, mechanical stimuli in mice with SCD. TRPV4 blockade also reduced the mechanical sensitivity of small, but not large, dorsal root ganglia neurons from mice with SCD. Furthermore, keratinocytes from mice with SCD showed sensitized TRPV4-dependent calcium responses. These results shed new light on the role of TRPV4 in SCD chronic pain and are the first to suggest a role for epidermal keratinocytes in the heightened sensitivity observed in SCD.
Hepatitis C care cascade in a large academic healthcare system, 2012 to 2018
Authors: Nakayama Jasmine , Hertzberg Vicki S. , Ho Joyce C. , Simpson Roy L. , Cartwright Emily J.
Published: March 2023

To determine the hepatitis C virus (HCV) care cascade among persons who were born during 1945 to 1965 and received outpatient care on or after January 2014 at a large academic healthcare system. Deidentified electronic health record data in an existing research database were analyzed for this study. Laboratory test results for HCV antibody and HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) indicated seropositivity and confirmatory testing. HCV genotyping was used as a proxy for linkage to care. A direct-acting antiviral (DAA) prescription indicated treatment initiation, an undetectable HCV RNA at least 20 weeks after initiation of antiviral treatment indicated a sustained virologic response. Of the 121,807 patients in the 1945 to 1965 birth cohort who received outpatient care between January 1, 2014 and June 30, 2017, 3399 (3%) patients were screened for HCV; 540 (16%) were seropositive. Among the seropositive, 442 (82%) had detectable HCV RNA, 68 (13%) had undetectable HCV RNA, and 30 (6%) lacked HCV RNA testing. Of the 442 viremic patients, 237 (54%) were linked to care, 65 (15%) initiated DAA treatment, and 32 (7%) achieved sustained virologic response. While only 3% were screened for HCV, the seroprevalence was high in the screened sample. Despite the established safety and efficacy of DAAs, only 15% initiated treatment during the study period. To achieve HCV elimination, improved HCV screening and linkage to HCV care and DAA treatment are needed.
Analysis of the correlation between clinical efficacy and blood concentration of olanzapine in schizophrenia patients
Authors: Yuan Mei , Yuan Bo-Zhi , Wu Jiang
Published: March 2023

To analyze the relationship between olanzapine blood concentration and clinical efficacy in schizophrenia patients, which has been expected to provide a scientific reference basis for improving the treatment effect of olanzapine in schizophrenia patients. Four hundred eighty-six psychiatric inpatients were randomly selected from October 31, 2019, to October 31, 2020, and all enrolled patients were given olanzapine treatment, and the treatment effect of schizophrenia patients was assessed according to the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale subtraction rate, and divided into treatment effective and ineffective groups at 1, 2, and 3 weeks of treatment, respectively. The olanzapine blood concentration in the body was monitored at 1, 2, and 3 weeks of treatment, and the relationship between olanzapine blood concentration and treatment effect at different time points was analyzed. Patients in the ineffective group had lower olanzapine blood concentrations than the effective group in treatment 1, 2, and 3 weeks and lower Positive and Negative Symptom Scale score reduction rates than the effective group (P < .05); the differences in other baseline information between the groups were not statistically significant (P > .05). Logistic regression analysis showed that olanzapine blood concentration at different times of treatment was related to the treatment effect (odds ratio > 1, P < .05); the results of the bivariate Spearman linear correlation test showed that olanzapine blood concentration at different times of treatment was positively related to the treatment effect of schizophrenia patients (R > 0, P < .05). In schizophrenia patients treated with olanzapine, the higher the olanzapine blood concentration in patients, the better the clinical treatment effect. Accordingly, the clinical can develop individualized medication regimens based on the results of blood concentration testing in the body under the premise of ensuring safety, aiming to ensure maximum efficacy.
The impact of weight loss for obese infertile women prior to in vitro fertilization: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shen Chunjuan , Fu Weiping , Fang Chunxia , Zhou Huan , Wang Liping
Published: March 2023

Obesity is detrimental to general health and also reproductive health. This study aimed to evaluate whether weight reduction in obese infertile women prior to in vitro fertilization reduces the total gonadotropin dose and improves pregnancy outcomes. This retrospective cohort study was performed at the Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital between January 2017 and January 2022, and 197 women were enrolled. The women were divided into 2 groups according to the weight loss goal of 5%: weight reduction group A (≥weight loss goal of 5%) and control group A (<weight loss goal of 5%). According to the weight loss goal of 10%, we also divided the weight reduction B group (≥10% weight loss goal) and the control B group (<weight loss goal). Compared to the control A group, the weight reduction A group had a significantly lower total gonadotropin dose (P = .001); however, there was no significant difference in clinical pregnancy and live birth rates. The weight reduction B group had a significantly higher clinical pregnancy rate than the control B group (P = .002), as well as a significantly higher live birth rate (P = .004). Weight loss (≥5%) lasting 3 to 6 months did not improve the clinical pregnancy and live birth rates. However, weight loss (≥5%) can decrease the total gonadotropin dose in obese women scheduled for in vitro fertilization. Weight loss of up to 10% can significantly decrease the total gonadotropin dose, improve the clinical pregnancy rate, and increase the live birth rate.
International comparisons of intraocular pressures, as measured by Tono-Pen and Goldmann applanation tonometry, in healthy adults: A meta-analysis
Authors: Keller William J.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Investigate intraocular pressure (IOP), as measured by Tono-Pen (TP) and Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT), in healthy adults. Provide an updated synthesis of multinational, primary studies, reported during the 10-year period 2011 to 2021 and offer an evidence-based benchmark, against which IOP can be evaluated across subject variables and pathologies. Three primary research questions are investigated: Is there a statistically significant difference between IOP measured by TP and GAT? If yes, is the difference clinically significant? Is measurement of IOP affected by the country or setting location, in which the measurements are made?

Methods:

An aggregate meta-analysis was conducted on 22 primary studies, from 15 different countries. IOP measurements were made from each healthy adult subject, with both the TP and GAT. Primary studies were identified and data extracted according to recommended preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis protocol guidelines. Meta-analysis summary results are reported as the point estimate of the raw mean difference of IOP.

Results:

Meta-analysis reveals a statistically significant difference in raw mean differences in IOP, when measured by TP and GAT, in the healthy adult population. Tono-Pen IOP measurements are higher than GAT IOP measurements. The point estimate for the summary effect size = −0.73 mm Hg, P = .03. The prediction interval for the true effect size, in 95% of all comparable populations, is −4.03 to 2.58 mm Hg. There is no clinically significance difference in IOP when measured by TP and GAT. Meta-regression analysis reveals statistically significant differences in measurement of IOP by countries, R
2 analog = 0.75, P = .001. There is no statistically significant difference in measurement of IOP as a function of measurement location setting, R
2 analog = −0.17, P = .65.

Conclusions:

IOP measured by TP are marginally higher compared to GAT, in the healthy adult population. However, from a clinical practice perspective, TP and GAT produce similar IOP measurements. There is evidence of significant variabilities in IOP measurements as a function of country. IOP measurements collected in a research laboratory setting are similar to IOP collected in a clinical setting. Results have implications for the primary care physician requiring a portable, inexpensive, reliable, and easily administered instrument to assess IOP.
Adverse impact of CD138+ cells in proliferative-phase endometrium on pregnancy outcomes in fresh IVF/ICSI cycles
Authors: Li Jie , Xu Dujuan , Ma Ling , Li Lin , Yang Lijuan
Published: March 2023

To evaluate the impact of Syndecan-1 (CD138) in proliferative-phase endometrium on pregnancy outcomes in fresh in vitro fertilization (IVF)/ intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. This retrospective cohort study contained 273 patients who underwent IVF/ICSI with fresh embryo transfer following an endometrial curettage from January 2020 to May 2022. Endometrial curettage was performed on all patients within 3 to 5 days following menstruation and endometrial tissue was acquired for detection of plasma cells by immunohistochemistry. Subsequent pregnancy outcomes of all cycles were traced and analyzed. A total of 149 patients became pregnant (i.e., pregnant group) in the fresh transfer IVF/ICSI cycles and 124 did not become pregnant (i.e., nonpregnant group). The number of CD138 + cells/ high-power field (HPF) of the nonpregnant group was significantly higher than the pregnant group (2.36 ± 4.24 vs 1.31 ± 3.41, P = .008). The cut off value of CD138 + cells/HPF was 2 by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.572. Compared with the negative group (i.e., CD138 + cells/HPF < 2, n = 204), the positive group (i.e., CD138 + cells/HPF ≥ 2, n = 69) had a significantly lower clinical pregnancy rate (71.8% vs 40.6%, P < .001). The clinical pregnancy rate revealed a gradually decreasing trend with the increase in CD138 + cells. Proliferative-phase endometrial CD138 + cells may be an adverse indicator for pregnancy outcomes in fresh IVF/ICSI cycles, with a certain value in predicting non-pregnancy. Pregnancy outcome was poor when CD138 + cells/HPF ≥ 2 in the endometrium and may worsen with the increase in CD138 + cells.
Comprehensive analysis of m6A modification lncRNAs in high glucose and TNF-α induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Authors: Shan Li , Guo Mingfei , Dai Yaji , Wei Liangbing , Zhang Wei , Gao Jiarong
Published: March 2023

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation, as a reversible epigenetic modification of mammalian mRNA, holds a critical role in multiple biological processes. m6A modification in Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has increasingly attracted more attention in recent years, especially in diabetics, with or without metabolic syndrome. We investigated via m6A-sequencing and RNA-sequencing the differentially expressed m6A modification lncRNAs by high glucose and TNF-α induced endothelial cell dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Additionally, gene ontology and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analyses were performed to analyze the biological functions and pathways for the target of mRNAs. Lastly, a competing endogenous RNA network was established to further reveal a regulatory relationship between lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs. A total of 754 differentially m6A-methylated lncRNAs were identified, including 168 up-regulated lncRNAs and 266 down-regulated lncRNAs. Then, 119 significantly different lncRNAs were screened out, of which 60 hypermethylated lncRNAs and 59 hypomethylated lncRNAs. Moreover, 122 differentially expressed lncRNAs were filtered, containing 14 up-regulated mRNAs and 18 down-regulated lncRNAs. Gene ontology and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analyses analyses revealed these targets were mainly associated with metabolic process, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and other biological processes. The competing endogenous RNA network revealed the regulatory relationship between lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs, providing potential targets for the treatment and prevention of diabetic endothelial cell dysfunction. This comprehensive analysis for lncRNAs m6A modification in high glucose and TNF-α-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells not only demonstrated the understanding of characteristics of endothelial cell dysfunction, but also provided the new targets for the clinical treatment of diabetes. Private information from individuals will not be published. This systematic review also does not involve endangering participant rights. Ethical approval will not be required. The results may be published in a peer-reviewed journal or disseminated at relevant conferences.
Radiologic changes of long term foot insole use in symptomatic pediatric flatfoot
Authors: Kim Joon Yeop , Kim Soo A , Kim Yuntae , Hwang Insu , Heo Nam Hun
Published: March 2023

Clinically, flatfoot, known as pes planus, is quite prevalent. It is classified into 2 types: flexible and rigid, both of which may or may not have symptoms. If a flexible flatfoot is symptomatic, it must be treated to prevent subsequent complications. In principle, most physicians initially use conservative methods, such as foot insoles. This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of long term use of a foot insole using plain radiography as an objective measurement in children with symptomatic flexible flatfoot (SFFF) in large samples. This study analyzed the medical records of 292 children aged < 18 years who were diagnosed with SFFF. Of these, 200 children (62 boys and 138 girls, mean age: 6.49 ± 2.96 years) were selected and conservatively treated with foot insoles. They were periodically followed up within 3 to 4 months to modify the foot insole and perform radiologic evaluations, such as foot radiography. The calcaneal pitch angle (CPA) and talo first metatarsal angle were measured and compared individually using foot lateral radiographs, which were pictured in a bilateral barefoot state. The treatment was terminated by repeating the same procedure until the symptoms disappeared. A significant improvement (P < .001) was observed in the radiological indicators, both CPA and talo first metatarsal angle, regardless of age, after the application of soft foot insoles. However, the right foot CPA in the group with valgus deformity was an exception (P = .078). This study showed that in children diagnosed with SFFF under 18 years of age, wearing a periodically revised foot insole as conservative treatment could not only decrease the symptoms, but also improve the radiologic indices.
Risk factors for post-extubation dysphagia in ICU: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hou Lingyu , Li Ying , Wang Jianhua , Wang Yuqi , Wang Jingchao , Hu GuoJing , Ding Xiao Rong
Published: March 2023

Background:

Post-extubation dysphagia is high in critically ill patients and is not easily recognized. This study aimed to identify risk factors for acquired swallowing disorders in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods:

We have retrieved all relevant research published before August 2022 from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library electronic databases. The studies were selected using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two reviewers screened studies, extracted data, and independently evaluated the risk of bias. The quality of the study was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and a meta-analysis was carried out with Cochrane Collaboration’s Revman 5.3 software.

Results:

A total of 15 studies were included. Age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.04), tracheal intubation time (OR = 1.61), APACHE II (OR = 1.04), and tracheostomy (OR = 3.75) were significant risk factors that contributed to post-extubation dysphagia in ICU.

Conclusion:

This study provides preliminary evidence that post-extraction dysphagia in ICU is associated with factors such as age, tracheal intubation time, APACHE II, and tracheostomy. The results of this research may improve clinician awareness, risk stratification, and prevention of post-extraction dysphagia in the ICU.