bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Formation and Development of the Legal Status of a Consumer of Paid Medical Services in the Russian Health Care System in the XVIII – Early XX Centuries
Authors: Soboleva Mariya
Published: December 2020

The socio-economic situation in Russia over the past decades has undergone serious changes that could not but affect the health system. There have been prerequisites for the development of private medicine, which has been supported by the state. Currently, there is an increase in the share of medical services provided on a paid basis. Widespread private practice, covering the chronological period of the Russian Empire, was interpreted by the authorities in the Soviet period as a relic of the capitalist system, contrary to the basic principles of proper health care organization. The Soviet period of Russian history appears to us as a chronological gap, that is, a time gap that characterizes the specifics of the linear existence of paid medical services. In this regard, it seems relevant and timely to conduct research on the historical aspects of the formation and development of the legal status of consumers of paid medical services in the Russian Empire. In our opinion, such research is of both theoretical and practical interest. The first is due to the lack of development of this topic in the historical and legal literature. The second one will allow us to identify existing shortcomings in legal regulation in the sphere of public health protection based on the generalization of historical experience and formulate practical recommendations for improving the legislation of the Russian Federation in this area. From the perspective of this work, we aim to assess the legal status of consumers of paid medical services in the XVIII – early XX century, comprehensively examining such elements of legal status as rights, freedoms, interests and duties. The article analyzes the influence of belonging of the inhabitants of the Empire to a particular social group on the formation of the legal status of consumers of paid medical services. For the first time, the main types of rights of consumers of paid medical services are separated from the regulatory legal acts in the field of healthcare of the Russian Empire and formed into a group. Based on the results of a detailed analysis, we conclude that in the Russian Empire, the duties of consumers of paid medical services took priority over the rights, since it was believed that if the obligations were met, the rights would exist regardless of their formal Declaration. The analysis helps to understand the development of regulation of health ser-vices and allows us to draw historical parallels with the existing regulatory framework of the health care system in Russia.
The Features of the Content and Subject Composition of Settlement Agreements in Cases of Invalidity of Transactions
Authors: Goncharova Valeriya
Published: December 2020

Settlement agreements in civil and arbitration proceedings are one of the most convenient and effective ways to resolve disputes arising between participants in civil legal relations. At the same time, within the framework of some civil disputes, the content of settlement agreements has significant specificity, and sometimes – due to the peculiarities of the subject composition and the merits of the case – they cannot be applied at all for the purpose of reconciling the parties. An example of such disputes are cases related to the recognition of the transaction as invalid and the application of the consequences of the invalidity of the transaction, the legal regulation of which is unique. The economic reasons for the invalidity of transactions predetermine the peculiarities of the content of settlement agreements in the relevant category of cases, limiting it exclusively to the procedure for fulfilling restorative obligations and obligations to compensate for losses. This circumstance is due to the fact that, from the point of view of the dynamics of civil legal relations, an invalid transaction introduces uncertainty in the ownership of property and the distribution of rights and obligations of the participants in legal relations, which can be eliminated only by restoring the situation that existed before the conclusion and execution of the transaction with a defect. The current civil law regulation in this part (Article 4311 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation), which allows the conclusion of analogues of amicable agreements in cases of invalidity of transactions involving other, in addition to restitution, the consequences of the invalidity of transactions, in this regard, cannot be recognized as satisfactory. Contestation of the transaction by “another person specified in the law” (Article 166 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation), as well as in the interests of third parties by specially authorized entities (procedural plaintiffs), the possibility of participation in a completed and executed transaction of public law entities determine the raising of questions about the possibility of concluding amicable agreements by these entities. It is noted that these subjects, as follows from the analysis of domestic civil, civil procedural, administrative and family legislation, being interested in resolving the case on recognizing the transaction as invalid and on the application of the consequences of its invalidity, do not participate in its execution, and therefore cannot determine the procedure for the fulfillment of obligations arising from it.
The Genesis of the German Social Insurance Model: History and Present
Authors: Lushnikov Andrei
Published: December 2020

This article examines a complex of problems associated with the formation and the initial stage of development of the German model of social insurance. Initially, three models of such insurance have been proposed, then the main characteristics of the considered model have been highlighted. The article states that the German scientist Adolf Wagner played an outstanding role in the theoretical substantiation of this model. At the same time, the stages of his biography are briefly considered, allowing us to understand why exactly his role was so significant. Further, such important scientific phenomena for the formation of the system of compulsory state social insurance as Wagner's law, the principles of taxation substantiated by him, its use for redistribution of income, etc., are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the activities of the Union of Social Policy, which played an important role in the preparation of regulatory bases of future social transformations. The conclusion is substantiated that the formation of the German model of social insurance was the result of a long evolution of social relations from voluntary insurance at the expense of the workers themselves to optional, then optional-mandatory and, finally, mandatory social insurance based on the relative consensus of the leading social forces: political power, workers and some of the employers.
Determination of the Procedural Status of a Person Who Was Inclined to Use Narcotic Drugs
Authors: Suslikov Aleksei
Published: December 2020

In the process of criminal proceedings, the determination of the procedural status of a person participating in a criminal case is the most important stage of the investigation. It depends on who the person will be recognized, what rights and obligations it will have, how actively it will be able to participate in the criminal case. The paper examines issues related to the determination of the procedural status of a person inclined to use drugs, draws conclusions about the need to recognize the inclined victim in the framework of the investigation of criminal cases under Art. 230 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation “Induction to the consumption of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances or their analogues.” The article analyzes the arguments in defense of the provision on recognizing as victims those who are inclined to use drugs, and also provides arguments explaining what kind of damage is caused by the perpetrator to people who have used drugs and who have refused their use. The presently existing judicial practice on determining the procedural status of persons inclined to use drugs is presented.

The paper explains the reasons why investigators and prosecutors do not want to involve persons inclined to use drugs to participate in criminal proceedings on the side of the prosecution. Using the example of a judicial act that has entered into legal force, it is explained how the status of a victim in a criminal case can affect the sentence passed.

The situation with cannabis is considered in order to understand the harm arising from one-time use of narcotic drugs. Attention is focused on the attitude of society towards narcotic drugs made from hemp, and on the example of works in the field of medicine, the author describes the damage caused to a person when hemp-based drugs are consumed. At the same time, it explains why drugs inflict both physical and moral harm on a person.

Conclusions are formulated about the need for the incited person to participate in a criminal case in the status of a victim from the moment the investigator makes a decision to initiate a criminal case.
Problem Aspects of Understanding the Information Model of Crimes Against Property
Authors: Khlus Aleksandr
Published: December 2020

The relevance of the research topic is due to the existing problems of the implementation of methodological recommendations in the practice of investigating crimes against property. The article examines the theoretical basis for the construction of private methods for investigating various forms of theft (theft, robbery, extortion and fraud), which is traditionally their forensic characteristics. The elaboration of the investigation methodology based on the forensic characteristics does not contribute to the disclosure of the content of the material elements of the structure of the theft committed during its investigation. This allowed the author to draw a conclusion about the insufficient completeness of the forensic presentation of these crimes. The dominance of criminal law and criminological knowledge about a crime, contained in their criminalistic characteristics, is not a correct approach from the standpoint of reflecting the realities of criminal acts. The forensic characteristics of the types of theft under consideration, in the Author’s opinion, should be based on knowledge about the general elements of their material structure. In the future, information about the elements of the material structure as a result of the description of their features should form one of the main parts of the forensic characteristics of the crime. Knowledge of the elements of the material structure of a crime, combined with their forensic characteristics, creates a solid forensic basis for building private methods for investigating thefts committed by theft, robbery, extortion or fraud. Among the common elements in the structure of the crimes under consideration, the author singled out the subject of the crime, the object and subject of the criminal encroachment. When describing these elements, it is proposed to take into account their reflective features in the context of the implementation of typical methods of committing the analyzed crimes. It is also necessary to use the information contained in their forensic characteristics. The Author concluded that the information models of criminal acts that combine information about the elements of their material structure and data on the criminalistic characteristics of these crimes look the most rational. In the practice of investigating crimes, knowledge of the common elements of their material structure makes it possible to identify the presence (absence) of significant information on each of its elements. Correlation of the available information about these elements with their description in the forensic characteristics of the crime allows you to choose the direction of the investigation, put forward the appropriate versions and determine the set of tactical means necessary to verify them.
Kişi Başına Elektrik Tüketiminin Dalgacık Dönüşümüne Dayalı Tahmini
Authors: Pekmezci Aytaç
Published: December 2020

Zaman serisi analizi, finans, ekonomi, istatistik, mühendislik gibi birçok alanda gelecekle ilgili karar verme olanağı sunduğu için oldukça önemlidir. Zaman serisi analizinde otoregresif model, hareketli ortalama modeli ve otoregresif hareketli ortalama modelini kapsayan Box-Jenkins modelleri yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ancak bu modellerden elde edilen tahmin sonuçlarının güvenilir olabilmesi için, serinin durağan olması, gürültülü veri içermemesi ve trend ya da mevsimsel hareket bileşenlerinden arındırılmış olması gerekir ki özellikle finansal zaman serilerinde bu oldukça güçtür. Bu problemin üstesinden gelmek amacıyla, son zamanlarda veri önişleme adımında dalgacık dönüşümü (DD) kullanılmaktadır. DD, zaman serisinin uzun dönemli trend ve varyasyon şeklinde iki bileşene ayrılmasına dayanır. Böylece zaman serisinin her bir bileşeni için ayrı bir tahmin modeli elde edilmesi ve davranışının daha doğru bir şekilde tahmin edilmesini sağlar. Bu çalışmada Kişi Başına Elektrik Tüketiminin (KBET) DD ile tahmin edilmesi ve tahmin sonuçlarının geleneksel modeller ile karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaca yönelik olarak 26 farklı ülkenin 1960-2014 yıllarını kapsayan KBET verileri kullanılmıştır. Performans karşılaştırmaları için R2, Hata Kareler Ortalamasının Karekökü (HKOK) ve Ortalama Mutlak Yüzde Hata (OMYH) kriterleri kullanılmıştır. Bu karşılaştırma kriterlerine göre dalgacık dönüşümüne dayalı tahmin performansının daha iyi olduğu gözlenmiştir.
REGGIO EMILIA-İLHAMLI DOKÜMANTASYON ÇALIŞMASININ DOKÜMAN İNCELEMESİ YÖNTEMİYLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: İNAN Hatice Zeynep
Published: December 2020

İtalya’daki Reggio Emilia anaokulları kendilerine özgü okul öncesi eğitim sistemiyle tüm dünyaya ilham kaynağı olmuştur. Son yıllarda Türkiye’de Reggio Emilia ilhamlı anaokullarının yaygınlaşmasıyla birlikte, bu okullarda eğitimin bir parçası olarak kabul edilen dokümantasyon çalışması da eğitimciler tarafından merak edilmekte ve uygulanmaya çalışılmaktadır. Ancak birçok eğitimci, dokümantasyonu ya doğru şekilde yapamamakta ya da önünde bir yol gösterici olmaması nedeniyle cesaretini kaybedip dokümantasyon yapmaktan vazgeçmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye’de Reggio Emilia ilhamlı anaokulunda gerçekleşmiş bir dokümantasyon çalışmasını incelemek ve değerlendirmektir. Bunun için dokümantasyon çalışmasının birincil kaynağı olan ve öğrenmeyi dışarıda görünür kılmayı amaçlayan, “yazılı, görsel ve video” türündeki dokümantasyon belgeleri, Reggio Emilia yaklaşımındaki dokümantasyon prensibi bağlamında incelenmiş ve değerlendirilmiştir. Bu araştırmada, Reggio Emilia yaklaşımının sosyal-yapılandırmacı doğasına ve dokümantasyonun doğasına uygun olarak, nitel araştırma desenlerinden doküman incelemesi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Doküman incelemesi yöntemine uygun olarak yazılı ve görsel verileri içeren dokümantasyon panelinin dokümanları toplanmış, bu verilerin analizinde içerik analizi tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Bu araştırmada, Reggio Emilia ilhamlı Vahide Yılmaz Anaokulu’nda gerçekleşmiş “Bir Tüyün İzinde” isimli kuşlar projesine ait dokümantasyon çalışması analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, ilgili dokümantasyon paneli, öğrenmeyi ve eğitimi başarılı bir şekilde görünür hale getirmiştir. Nitekim öğrenmeyi ve eğitimi görünür kılmak, dokümantasyon çalışmasının başlıca amaçlarından bir tanesidir. Bu başarının detayları, önemli noktalar, analiz sonuçlarının tartışması ve öneriler araştırmanın sonunda sunulmuştur.
Trade and Investment Relationship in SAARC Countries: A Gravity Model Analysis
Authors: Choudhury Rahul Nath , Nayak Dinkar Narsinh
Published: December 2020

The recent surge in the volume of world trade and FDI has attracted a debate amongst the researchers and policy makers on the issue of the relationship between these two. I.e. whether FDI enhances trade or contracts trade? Our current study tries to find out the answer of this question in case of SAARC group of countries. This study applies gravity model for the analysis. The study covered the time period from 2000 to 2012. The study finds both complementary and supplementary relationship exists between these two variables in the SAARC region.Â
The Asymmetric Effects and Spillovers of Inflation and Output Uncertainty Between the US and Euro Area
Authors: Abubaker Riyad
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper uses GARCH in mean models to examine the potential transmission and asymmetry of output growth and inflation uncertainty across the United StatesÂ  and the Euro Area . I employ quarterly data on output growth and inflation from 1970Q1-2012Q4. The results in respect to negative and positive shocks show that US output growth and inflation display asymmetric uncertainty.Â The US uncertainty has asymmetric effects on mean questions.Â  Within the Euro Area, while the coefficients detecting the asymmetric uncertainty are insignificant; a significant asymmetric affect can exist.Â  Results also yield that the inflation uncertainty spillover between the two regions is more significant than that of output growth.Â Â US economic activity responds to Euro Area volatility at a higher speed, while the European economic activity is affectedÂ  by higher-order lags of US uncertainty.
DISTRESS FALL:A CASE OF PUNJAB FARMERS
Authors: Kaur Randeep
Published: December 2020

The crisis of the agrarian society has adversely affected the farming Community. As Punjab state is known to be the granary of India and contributes maximum in the national food grains procurement and considered the most developed state. It is a matter of serious concern to find the main culprit behind suicide among farmers.Â  There are many unsolved problems faced by the rural credit system and some more will emerge in the coming years with the expansion and growth of the non institutional agencies .It is a matter of serious concern and very important to make an attempt to identify the reasons for the suicide deaths in Punjab. In Punjab the process in the downward phase slipped much faster leading to a crisis in the agrarian economy.Â
Impact of TQM Concepts in Automobile Industry as a Strategic Advantage- A Review
Authors: Rai Priyanka Vikas , Mukherjee P N
Published: December 2020

TQM refers to a management process and set of disciplines that are coordinated to ensure that the organization consistently meets and exceeds customer requirements and achieve successfully its vision and mission. TQM engages all divisions, departments and levels of the organization therefore provides holistic approach.TQM companies are focused on the systematic management of data in all processes and practices to eliminate waste and pursue continuous improvement. The goal is to deliver the highest value for the customer at the lowest cost while achieving sustained profit and economic stability for the company. While every organization should implement its own specialized form of quality management, there are some basic core principles that guide every quality effort. The single most important element of quality management is the focus on the customer. During this quality process, we will strive frequently to hear from our customers. From this basic concept, that the customer is the ultimate determiner of quality, come the other principles of Quality management. All types of automotive industries have reduced costs increased process efficiency and improved the quality of their products and services by working to meet the needs of the people they serve through the application of total quality management (TQM) principles. Learning the principles and practices of TQM will help achieve outstanding results and enlist the support of top management in advancing this concept within the organization enabling area managers or supervisors to create a work environment that gets the best from its workers. The proof will be reflected in the results deliver to the customer. With growing global competition, quality management is becoming increasingly important to the leadership and management of automotive industry. Quality management principles provide understanding of and guidance on the application of quality management. By applying quality management principles, organizations will produce benefits for customers, owners, employees, suppliers and society as a whole.Keywords: Strategic management, total quality management, automotive/automobile industry Â Â Â
WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN SEVEN DIMENSIONS THROUGH SELF HELP GROUPS IN ARUNACHALPRADESH: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Kabak Likha Kiran , Mandal Ram Krishna
Published: December 2020

Women are the nucleus of our civilization. They have different roles to play in the ever changing social set-up. Womenâ€™s development is directly related with the nation development. With the dawn of independence our constitution guaranteed gender equality and a large number of schemes and programs have been initiated for womenâ€™s development. Women usually falls under the powerless group which necessitates the programmes ensured empowerment of women. Now a days; empowerment especially women empowerment has become a buzz word especially in the context of development of rural poor and women. Empowering the poor for their development is one of the top most prioritized agenda in development paradigm of every developing and underdeveloped country. Empowerment of women may normally mean equal access to & control over important productive resources. Women empowerment, therefore, may normally describe as a process by which women would be able to develop their confidence level & increase their inner strength & self reliance to decide and determine their important choices in life. The socio-economic empowerment of women achieved through SHG may be divided into dimensions of Economic, Social, Political, Personal, Institutional, Organisational, and Familial.
Estimating Effects of Agricultural Inputs on Growth of Agricultural Production: A comparative study of India and Pakistan
Authors: PATHANIA Rajni
Published: December 2020

Abstract: The present study compares the relationship between agricultural inputs and agricultural production growth in India and Pakistan during the period 1991-92 to 2013-14. In this study we used five variables fertilizer usage, electricity consumption in agricultural sector, irrigation, Public Investment in agricultural sector and agriculture production.Â  The econometric results suggest that fertilizer usages, electricity consumption and public investment have significant on agricultural production in India as well as in Pakistan. Only one independent variable irrigation has insignificant but positive impact on agricultural production in both economies.Â  The distinctive implication for Indian and Pakistan policymakers is that there is need to increase public investment in agriculture sector it may be in area of agriculture research, rural infrastructure, storage and marketing facilities. More public investment should be encouraged in agricultural backward regions of both nations.Keywords: Agricultural inputs, Agricultural Production, Public investment, fertilizer usages, Electricity consumptionJEL classification: Q1, Q12, Q15, Q120, Q110Â
Determinants of Money Supply in Light of Price Changes in Iraqi Economy: (1990 â€“ 2014)
Authors: Al-Shami Salam , Al-Rubeiey Quahtan
Published: December 2020

This research addresses the main factors that determine Iraqi money demand for the period of 1990- 2014, in light of continuous price changes as an appropriate approach to find effective monetary policy. The research problem was crystalized in the following questions can we estimate the function of money demand in the Iraqi economy with accordance of economic theories?. An assumption stating that price changes are among the most important factors determining money demand function in Iraqi economy was adopted. It was found, using descriptive analysis of data available on economic variables that express money demand and its determinants (Non-petrol GDP, CPI, and interest rate) and the use of modern econometric techniques. And finally, after estimating money demand function of Iraqi economy, it was found that there is an important role of what is going on in price changes in money demand volume for the studied period, which confirms the hypothesis, due to exceptional conditions through which Iraqi economy went, and still suffering their consequences including wars, financial crisis, and fluctuations in petrol prices, which emphasizes the importance of conducting research and studies on money demand and its determining variables on a continuous basis to ensure the success of monetary policy in achieving its objectives.
Cost Optimization of Warehousing Operations in FMCG: An Analytical Study of Supply Chain
Authors: Gupta Dr Sumeet , Sacchar Shrey
Published: December 2020

The objective of this study was to explore the variable which may affect the direct cost as well as Indirect cost. From a detailed literature review a list of variables was created. The variables were used to collect data on a five-point scale. The data was analyzed by factor analysis method through which variables were suppressed and few factors were achieved as Resource management, Order processing, Material handling, Warehouse management system and Optimizing inventory. These factors were considered and cost index was computed from the data obtained from factor analysis. This study gives a solution and is applicable for particular situation and may not be replicated for other issues. The global scenario is being put some light on which is then compared with the present Indian state so as to find out the weak link points in the system as compared globally. Further it talks about the operations and cost optimization techniques, types and process. The factor which can affect the direct and indirect cost and its consequences. Through the study the gap finding was done so as to find out the research gaps which can be worked upon. These gaps helped in finding the variables for the study. The data was validated and by expertâ€™s opinion and further range is derived which help device a solution to the problem mentioned.
Handling Societal Complexity: A Study of the Theory of the Methodology of Societal Complexity and the COMPRAM Methodology
Authors: Nababan Esther Sorta Mauli , Siahaan Nelson
Published: December 2020

Awareness of the world is confronted daily with societal problems as a determining factor affecting global safety has steadily grown since the last 3 decades. It is becoming increasingly obvious that human activities in the economic sphere are responsible for environmental problem such as climate change that in turn are affecting global safety. Thus there are important but often neglected interrelationships between societal problems, and environmental systems. Handling Societal Complexity is an inside look at what goes on some aspects of complex societal problem and some aspects of human problem handling in general. This book is a significant contribution toward understanding these relationships, focuses on a wider spectrum of the problem handling process than most methodologies.
Durkheim's Theory of Anomie and the 2016 American Election
Authors: Gupta Dr Sumeet , Gupta Kshitiz
Published: December 2020

This paper takes a look at Durkheim’s Theory of anomie particularly in the American society. The paper seeks to explain how the American society has been evolved or been changed amid the anomic conditions which have attached themselves to this nation. The paper also examines how anomie gotten entrenched in the American Society to the point that it has caused profound impacts on several areas of life like firearm and property legislation and social welfare. For instance, it explains how the anomic conditions of the American Society enabled President Donald Trump to get into office and how this occurrence greatly surprised many individuals in the country. The paper also seeks to demonstrate how the rates of suicide vastly increased after the election of President Trump, who many did not ever believe or expect him to be elected into the seat.
Indo-Myanmar Border Trade at Moreh-Namphalong and Beyond
Authors: Marchang Reimeingam
Published: December 2020

Moreh-Namphalong has an immense prospective for international trade and commerce through Indo-Myanmar border. The paper examines the nature of border trade (BT) practices and prospective by linking Moreh market with the counterpart Namphalong market and establishes that BT is immensely linked with the third economies like China which actually supply goods. Moreh BT accounts to four per cent of the total India-Myanmar trade. It is affected by the bandh and strikes, insurgency, unstable currency exchange rate and smuggling that led to an economic lost for traders and economy at large. India experiences a border trade deficit as the potential export items are not produced in the proximity of Moreh. BT at Moreh-Namphalong has benefited the local border people in terms of employment, infrastructural development and also improves trade and other relationship between India and Myanmar. Myanmar is critical for India not only for BT partner but also for Indiaâ€™s Act East Policy for developing strategic and economic relations with East and South East Asian countries.
Forestry in Austria [Ã–sterreich]â€“ Supply Chain and Economic situation of small-scale Mountain Regions
Authors: Gupta Kshitiz , Gupta Sumeet
Published: December 2020

Introduction Forests play a substantial role in ecological environmental development. Austria is a mountainous and highly developed central Western European country with a landscaping dominated by Alps and forests. The forest area is nearly half (48%) of the full total section of the country which percentage is growing (Fachzeitschrift LÃ¤ndlicher Raum, Austrian government). Small level family still dominates the range, although the importance of the primary sector is declining, it is relevant to the management of the landscaping and the ecosystem. In Austria, almost all the farms are family held however in the context of the paper, private farms are also considered irrespective of the house size and activities. In Austria, around 50% of the forest area belongs to private holdings. Holdings significantly less than 50 ha accounts for 32% (Fachzeitschrift LÃ¤ndlicher Raum, Austrian government), the task is to increase services when coping with private small-scale forestry. Whereas holdings bigger than 500 ha show a usage rate of 104.9% of the increment (Timber production), the utilization for holdings below 200 ha amounted to only 72% of the increment (Fachzeitschrift LÃ¤ndlicher Raum, Austrian government). Demographic and monetary improvements increase deforestation threatens the ecosystems routine. Hence, UN Sustainable Development Goal 15, goals 15.1 and 15.4, which list forest area as a percentage of total land area and the conservation of ecosystems are goals in forestry that play a s stringent role in Austria, especially in rural, mountainous areas.
Analysis of Socio-Economic Indicators Scenario in Pakistan
Authors: Afzal Muhammad , Ahmad Dilshad , Zaman Zobia
Published: December 2020

This paper examined the socio-economic-demographic indicators with time series evidence vis-Ã -vis Asian countries to compare Pakistanâ€™s position with these countries. With the help of tables based on standard global data followed by Pakistan data an attempt has been made to get valid picture of the above-mentioned indicators. Life expectancy, IMR, TFR, GNP allocation to health, women using contraceptive are not comparable and delightful leading to unparalleled increase in population in addition to economic factors. Birth rate is the highest in Pakistan compared to the remaining 9 countries. Poverty will escalate that will breed all social, economic and political problems. It may be concluded that if the present pace of population growth continues, people may fail to find a place even for standing. Population is the most agonizing and perplexing problem that has made the common man life miserable and unsustainable.
HEDGING IN AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES
Authors: Gupta Sumeet , Kandpal Vinay
Published: December 2020

The Indian Agriculture Sector is on the edge of a rebellion that will revolutionize the complete food chain by means of the total food production in India is expected to twofold in the following ten years. Outstanding export projections, competitive pricing of agricultural products that are internationally comparable has created trade prospects in the agro industry. Agricultural Output is expected to grow by 11% in 2018-2019 after recording a 8-9 % increase in the previous years. It will create Indian Agriculture Industry Gateway by which exporter and importer can fulfill their requirement and reap the benefits of agro related opportunities. MCX (Multi Commodity Exchange) and NCDEX (National Commodity Derivatives Exchange) has developed opportunities for trading in spot and forward trade. It will help to develop India as Agricultural Based Economy. Trading of agricultural commodities help the traders to take the advantage of Price Fluctuations but also faces Investment Risk and Price Risk. Movement in future prices create the possibility for short
ROLE OF NGOs IN THE PROMOTION OF AGRICULTURE
Authors: Dhingra Geet , Arora Nilesh , Panday Priyanka
Published: December 2020

Despite the fact that agriculture sector is characterized by â€˜the biggestâ€™ sector contributing to the 18% of GDP and providing employment to more than 50% of the population, itâ€™s also characterized by the one with hurdles that may land the sector to a stagnant point and largely affect the entire economy. This study throws light on the gaps in the agriculture sector and the role of NGOs in bridging those gaps, promoting awareness programs and upgrading development facilities. However, the government has been promising to come over all the issues that hurdle the development, but the efforts on its part have not been up to the mark. Meanwhile, NGOs are emerging as a new impetus and shouldering the agricultural development. NGOs as a third sector institutional framework have a bigger role to play in providing a strong and stout support system while ensuring effective implementation of govt. programs towards the sustainable development in various sectors such as education, poverty alleviation, health, agriculture, youth empowerment and community development. Also, this study aims at providing suggestions to effectively utilize the network of NGOs towards upliftment of agriculture sector.
Environment Regulations and Trade in Environment Goods: The Case of India
Authors: Desai Falguni Pankaj
Published: December 2020

The paper weaves together three strands of arguments which, favour trade in environment goods for achieving sustainable development and provides an analyses of potential for trade in environment goods in India. Firstly, there are different paths, models, tools for achieving sustainable development and green economy is one of them. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) defines a green economy as one that results in “improved human well-being and social equity, while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities” (UNEP 2010). The report suggests trade in environment goods and service as one of the strategies towards achieving green economy and sustainable development. International trade is an important engine of development and sustained economic growth. Studies have shown that trade does lead to environment degradation, but trade in cleaner technologies and environment goods can play an important role in sustainable development. Trade can become a powerful vehicle for transferring environmental friendly technology between countries, paving way for sustainable development. India stands to benefit both, from importing environment goods to clean up its environment and exporting environment goods to the world, thus contributing to the goal of sustainable development. Secondly, the 2001 Doha Ministerial Declaration urged members to reduce or eliminate tariff and non-tariff barriers on environmental goods and services, paving way for a triple win situation for trade, the environment and development (WTO, 2001). The reduction or elimination of tariff and non tariff barriers would increase trade in environmental goods which, can help mitigate the adverse impact of increased economic activity on environment. The quality of life of citizens would improve due to better access to clean water, air, sanitation, and clean energy. Moreover, the liberalization of trade in environmental goods will enable developing countries to obtain technology, tools for development addressing environment priorities. Thirdly, new environment regulations, trade liberalization, increased privatization, current programmes of rural electrification, investment in infrastructure projects, government investment in research and capacity building initiatives have increased demand for environmental goods in India. India is partner to a number of international agreements on environmental issues. Legal activism and pressure from NGOs have fostered networking between industries and between industries and NGOs for improving the environment. These pressures from above and below are supporting the growth of the environmental market. It is in this context that the paper examines trade in environment in India.

 

Keywords: OECD and APEC list of Environment goods, exports, imports, Revealed Comparative Advantage

 

JEL Classification: F10, F18
Investment in Human Capital and Economic Growth in Jammu and Kashmir: Using a Granger Causality Approach
Authors: Khan Javid Ahmad
Published: December 2020

The study is an empirical investigation of the long-run relationships and the causal links between human capital investment and economic growth in Jammu and Kashmir using the granger causality test on the annual data for the time period 1975-76 to 2011-12. Government expenditure both on education and health are included as proxy variables for human capital investment and state per-capita domestic product as proxy variable for economic growth. The study highlights that in case of expenditure on health and per-capita domestic product their exists bivariate causality while in case of expenditure on education causality runs from expenditure on education to per-capita state domestic product. The findings revealed that increasing expenditures on health and education will improve the state domestic product figures in the long run. The analysis suggested when income of population increases then there would be a definite desire to educate the children. The study recommends that substantial amount of government budgetary allocation should be directed towards the educational and health sector. It is better to provide the citizen with substantial amount of education with good health which in turn will improve their ca[ability to command more goods and services. The study has limitation of including the limited variables in the model and applying the limited methodology.
A Commentary on Economic Impact of Climate Change on Indian Farmers
Authors: Panwar Tapish , Khan Kalim
Published: December 2020

While climate change has had a severe effect globally, its impact is often the highest on the most vulnerable segments of the society. Indian farmers who are already reeling under the pressure in farming owing to high rates of credit interest, falling size of land holding and overcapacity in terms of people engaged in farming, have been affected badly by the climate change and its outcome. Climate change has had negative economic impact on Indian farmers pushing them into debt trap and sometimes to the most unfortunate situation of committing suicide. Climate change comprises of many components but the most important ones in terms of impact on farming are – temperature fluctuation and untimely or deficient rains.
WTO And Indian Textile Trade: Emerging Challenges
Authors: Laila P.I. , Asokan T.
Published: December 2020

India has the largest acreage under cotton in the world but yield is poor (308kg per hector). The country has a well developed textile industry of cotton as well as synthetic fibres/yarn supported by silk, wool and jute. The Textile Industry in India (including the garment industry) is contributed 6 percent of the gross domestic product and 18 percent of the total foreign exchange earnings of the country. Indian textile industry can be broadly classified into the organised sector comprising mechanized spinning and composite mills and the unorganized sector comprising power looms and handlooms. Textile sector generates largest employment next only to agriculture. Over 50 percent of the employees are women who help to sustain the family income. The garment industry alone provides employment to more than 4 million workers and Â Â supports the people working in ancillary units.
Drivers of Shareholdersâ€™ Value
Authors: Nagar Neerav
Published: December 2020

This paper is another attempt to find out whether EVA really explains the value accretion for the shareholders. Are we better off by removing the focus from EVA and concentrating on traditional measures like ROCE, RONW, EPS, DPS etc.?
Foreign Institutional Investment and Stock Market Volatility in India: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Dhillon Sharanjit S. , Kaur Manjinder
Published: December 2020

The two major capital market reforms of (i) entry of Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) in Indian stock market (ii) permission to Indian companies for raising capital from foreign stock exchanges by means of American Depository Receipts (ADRs) / Global Depository Receipts (GDRs). Further introduction of two-way fungibility in these instruments of ADRs / GDRs leads to reduction of the sovereignty of Indian stock market. As such, Indian stock market now, is not only sensitive to national events but also more sensitive to international events. Due to the speculative motive of FIIs investment, investment by FIIs is subject to frequent reversals. Volatility is a measure of how far the current price of an asset deviates from its average past prices. Investors demand higher risk premium as a compensation for increased risk due to volatility. A higher risk premium implies higher cost of capital and thus lowers investment. The prevailing inefficiency in emerging securities markets including India further magnifies the problem of volatility.Â  In this paper, an effort is made to predict stock return volatility and contribution of FIIs investment to that volatility using high frequency data (daily data).
Impact of Ownership Structure on Bank Profitability in Nigeria
Authors: Toni Uhomoibhi Aburime
Published: December 2020

Ownership structure is considered an important factor that affects a firmâ€™s health. If ownership structure affects a firmâ€™s health, it is possible then to use the ownership structure to predict firm profitability. Against this backdrop, this paper analyzes the relationship between ownership structure and bank profitability in Nigeria. There are two motivations for this paper. Firstly, midway into the banks consolidation exercise in Nigeria, the CBN identified the need for a determination of the most appropriate composition of bank capitalization that would enhance the individual and systemic profitability and efficiency of banks in Nigeria post-consolidation. Hence, it decided to minimize state governmentsâ€™ investment in banks during the exercise and also issued a December 2007 ultimatum to all tiers of governments that have stakes in banks to dilute their investments to a maximum of 10 per cent. Unfortunately, the CBN did not state any econometrically-based rationale giving credence to its directives. Secondly, the effect of ownership structure and concentration on a firmâ€™s performance is an important issue in the literature of finance theory. However, no researcher has studied this important aspect of finance theory in the Nigerian context. It is worth noting that most research on ownership structure and firm performance has been dominated by studies conducted in developed countries. However, there is an increasing awareness that theories originating from developed countries such as the USA and the UK may have limited applicability to emerging markets. Emerging markets have different characteristics such as different political, economic and institutional conditions, which limit the application of developed marketsâ€™ empirical models.
Learning From Cross Country Experiences In Housing: A Micro Finance Approach For Inclusive Housing In India
Authors: Manoj P K
Published: December 2020

Housing has been one of the top priorities for the various governments in India since the seventies. The need for housing has been increasing at a phenomenal pace in India and so also the need for housing finance. Since the growth in supply of housing could not keep pace with the growth in its demand, housing shortage has been on the rise over the years. Housing finance industry which was relatively dormant till the early nineties underwent sweeping changes ever since the initiation of financial sector deregulation measures. Financial deregulation measures brought about several changes in this industry, the first and foremost being the fast growth rate in the industry coupled with cutthroat competition among the industry players. This trend has been quite prominent since the entry of commercial banks into this arena. Accordingly, there has been a surge in the growth of retail (personal) loans segment, particularly in respect of housing loans. This is evident from the fact that housing loans disbursed by banks as a percentage of their total loans has increased from just 2.79% as of end-March 1997 to as high as 12.52% as of end-March 2007
How to Make Globalisation Pro-Poor
Authors: Karnik Nutan , Solanki Sandip P.
Published: December 2020

India is adding 40 million people to its middle class every year. Growing at the current rate, a majority of Indians will be belonging to the middle-class by 2025. Apart from this burgeoning middle class in the country, the economy growth seemed to have touched the lives of the poor also. According to the national Sample Survey results, people living below poverty line have dramatically come down during the post economic reform era. People living below poverty line (BPL) came down from 36 per cent in 1993-94 (50th Round, NSSO) to 26 per cent in 1999-2000 (55th Round, NSSO). Many economists question this dramatic change in poverty level. However, the intention of this paper is not to join the debate on the level of poverty reduction in the county but to recognize the reduction of poverty in the country during the post-economic reform era and to suggest steps, which can be taken to make globalization pro-poorer.Â Â Â  Classification-JEL: Keywords: ,
The Impact of Visual Cues on Consumer Purchase Decision Making Process: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Sharma Ankush , Brahmbhatt A.C.
Published: December 2020

India is witnessing an unprecedented consumption boom. The economy is growing at the rate between 7 and 8 percent. The implication of this is improvement in income dynamics along with demographics and growth in consumption patternRetailing in India is currently estimated to be US$ 200 billion, of which organized Retailing (i.e. modern trade) makes up 3 percent or US$ 6.4 billion. Organized Retail is expected to grow at the rate of 25-30 percent p.a., and is projected to attain US$ 23billion by 2010.1 At these levels, organized retail would constitute up to 9 percent of overall retail sales.
Valuation of IPO Performance: A Study of Pre and Post Scenario
Authors: Gupta Sumeet
Published: December 2020

India is a growing economy. It grows by leaps and bounds day by day. With the introduction of Liberalisation, Privatization and Globalization, the economy has become an open financial system. There is vast number of opportunities available in the economy for the companies to grow, succeed and diversify their business. Availing of growth opportunities by the company depends on the availability of finance. Starting a new venture, expanding the existing venture or diversifying the existing venture would require the funds. For raising funds, the company has to move in the Capital Market. In Capital Market, Initial Public Offer (IPO) is one of the major methods to raise finance from the public. IPO occurs when the company issues its shares in the Primary Market. IPO help the company in extending liquidity from the market.Â