bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BİN TANRILI ZAMANLARINDA ANADOLU’DA DİN
Authors: Cengız Tülın
Published: March 2024

Anadolu’nun ‘Bin Tanrılı’ zamanları, MÖ. II. Bin yılın ilk çeyreği itibariyle tarih sahnesinde yerini alarak özgün bir din yaratan Hititlerin zamanıdır. Kendilerini “bin tanrılı” bir ülkenin sakinleri olarak adlandıran bu eski Anadolu uygarlığının, “bin tanrıyı” oluşturma sürecinde belirleyici olan, Ege Denizi'nden Basra Körfezi’ne Karadeniz'den Mısır’a kadar birçok çağdaş uygarlıkla kurmuş oldukları siyasi ve kültürel ilişkilerdir. Kozmopolit yapısı, askeri ve diplomatik stratejileri ile çağının güç merkezlerinden biri olan bu uygarlıktan, günümüze ulaşan arkeolojik kalıntılar, çivi yazılı ve hiyeroglif belgeler Anadolu’nun kültür tarihine ışık tutmaktadır. Bu kadim dilin ve kültürün incelenmesi, günümüz Anadolu kültürünün birçok yönünün anlaşılmasında büyük önem arz etmektedir.

Bu çalışmanın amacı nüfuz alanlarındaki Hatti, Luvi, Pala gibi eski Anadolu uygarlıklardan Sümer, Hurri, Asur, Babil gibi komşu uygarlıkların tanrılarına, kalabalık bir tanrı topluluğu yaratan Hitit zamanı Anadolu’sundaki dini yapıyı inceleyerek teolojiden, dinler tarihine; kültür tarihinden din psikolojisine “din ve inanç” eksenli çalışmalar yürüten pek çok disipline katkı sağlamaktır.
Sosialisasi Kewirausahaan Untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Ibu-Ibu PKK Desa Jelok Cepogo
Authors: Al Hakim Rosiana Farkhah , Setiawati Donna , Purwanto Hari , Ulumuddin Bahrul , Abdul Latif Dicky , Hartanto Hartanto , Nurjanah Agustina Midya , Ngaeni Riyatun , Kusuma Audrey Putri Nabila , Athariq Luqman , Anjarwati Dwi , AP Yulianto
Published: March 2024

Family Welfare Empowerment (PKK) has an important role in empowering families with the aim of improving family welfare and the quality of life of the community. PKK can be at the forefront in overcoming various problems that occur in society by mobilizing PKK women. The aim of implementing this service is to introduce entrepreneurship, provide ideas and motivation to start entrepreneurship or independent business. The method used is material presentation, discussion and question and answer and uses a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach. The success of this activity was demonstrated by the positive response from the participants as seen by the warm discussions in order to increase the motivation or desire of the PKK women in Jelok village to start entrepreneurship. Assistance is provided until they are able to find the type of business they are interested in.
Sosialisasi Pentingnya Lingkungan Hijau Bagi Siswa-Siswi SMP Oikoumene Kota Sorong Provinsi Papua Barat Daya
Authors: Pattiwael Maya , Madina La Ode , Alfons Burmanus , Kalagison Melvi , Masauna Risna , Wattimena Brian Henrry , Rumaropen Stevandri , Mustamu Alessandro , Maay Herna
Published: March 2024

Student’s lack of understanding about the importance of a green environment is the reason for carrying out community service activities at Oikoumene Middle School, Sorong City. Socialization can be  a solution to provide education for students with  the aim for increasing awareness and knowledge about the important of a green environment for them and instilling an attitute of concern for the surrounding environmrnt. The socialization was attended by 26 participants. The material is presented in Powerpoint form with the help on infocus. The socialization was carried out in 3 stages, namely the preparation, implementation and evaluation stages. Based on the results of the pre-test and post-test, it can be concluded that the participants experienced increased knowledge and were able to understand the importance of a green environment, especially in school areas after receiving the socialization material. Apart from that, as a first step in implementing a green environment at the PKM location, tree saplings were handed over to be planted around the school area
Pendampingan Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan Pada Mini Market SRC Luthfi di Kelurahan Sidomulyo Barat Pekanbaru Riau
Authors: Masril Masril , Sitinjak Marnala , Piliang Arfah , Yusuf Muhammad
Published: March 2024

MSMEs play an important role in economic growth. There are several problems faced  by MSMEs at  this  time  including  difficulties  in  marketing,  limited  innovation,and  technology,  as  well  as  limited knowledge about makingfinancial statements. In order to increase interest in the importance of knowledge about financial statements, Thesecommunity service activities are very necessary at this time.The method of devotion is done  by giving  Lectures, Discussions,and Mentoring.As theresults of this activity, MSME actors already understand how to make financial statements, namely balance sheets and income statements
Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Retribusi Parkir di Kawasan Luar Pura Uluwatu Dalam Peningkatan APBDes Desa Adat Pecatu, Kecamatan Kuta Selatan, Kabupaten Badung.
Authors: Putri Ni Putu Regina Prama , Wirantari I Dewa Ayu Putri , Wijaya Komang Adi Sastra
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the Accountability of Parking Levy Management in the Uluwatu Temple Outer Area in Increasing the Village Budget of Pecatu Traditional Village, South Kuta District, Badung Regency. The research conducted by this researcher, using descriptive qualitative research. The unit of analysis in this research is the Uluwatu Temple Outer Area tourist attraction. The technique of determining informants in this study is to use purposive sampling technique. The results showed that the Accountability of Parking Levy Management in the Uluwatu Temple Outer Area in Increasing the APBDes of Pecatu Customary Village, South Kuta District, Badung Regency can be concluded that the Management of Parking Levy allocated to the Customary Village treasury can be said to be accountable. From this study it can be concluded that; indicators of legal accountability and honesty have been successfully fulfilled, managerial accountability indicators can be said to be very successful, program accountability indicators have not fully run optimally, policy accountability indicators have run well, and financial accountability indicators have run well.

Abstrak

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Retribusi Parkir Di Kawasan Luar Pura Uluwatu Dalam Peningkatan APBDes Desa Adat Pecatu, Kecamatan Kuta Selatan, Kabupaten Badung. Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh peneliti ini, menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Unit analisis yang Dalam penelitian ini adalah Objek wisata Kawasan Luar Pura Uluwatu. Teknik penentuan informan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Retribusi Parkir Di Kawasan Luar Pura Uluwatu Dalam Peningkatan APBDes Desa Adat Pecatu, Kecamatan Kuta Selatan, Kabupaten Badung dapat disimpulkan bahwa Pengelolaan Retribusi Parkir yang dialokasikan ke kas Desa Adat dapat dikatakan akuntabel. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa; indikator akuntabilitas hukum dan kejujuran telah berhasil terpenuhi, indikator akuntabilitas manajerial sudah bisa dikatakan sangat berhasil, indikator akuntabilitas program belum sepenuhnya berjalan optimal, inidkator akuntabilitas kebijakan sudah berjalan dengan baik, dan indikator akuntabilitas finansial sudah berjalan dengan baik.

Kata Kunci : Objek Wisata, Sistem Pembayaran Digital, Pendapatan Asli Daerah
La planificación financiera en las Pymes de la ciudad de Ambato
Authors: Veloz Vasco Jorge Roberto , Valle Bombón Jenny Susana , Jiménez Zavala Jorge Danilo
Published: March 2024

Este estudio tiene como objetivo principal profundizar en la planificación financiera en las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (Pymes) de la ciudad de Ambato, Ecuador. Se aborda la dinámica empresarial local, los desafíos regionales y las oportunidades de mejora, con el propósito de ofrecer una visión integral de la situación financiera en el tejido empresarial de la región. La investigación adopta un enfoque mixto cuantitativo y cualitativo, utilizando métodos descriptivos y exploratorios para examinar la planificación financiera en las Pymes de Ambato. Para obtener una comprensión detallada, se emplean encuestas y entrevistas semiestructuradas, focalizando el análisis en 64 socios de la Cámara de la Pequeña Industria de Tungurahua, que representan siete sectores diversos. El diseño de investigación es transversal, permitiendo una evaluación integral de las prácticas de planificación financiera en las Pymes. Los resultados destacan la relevancia crítica de la planificación financiera para el éxito a largo plazo de las Pymes, subrayando su papel como guía estratégica y herramienta esencial para abordar los desafíos empresariales de manera efectiva. Este estudio contribuirá al cuerpo de conocimiento existente y proporcionará insights prácticos para mejorar la salud financiera de las Pymes en la ciudad de Ambato.
Bagaimana “melalui” permainan peran membentuk karakter anak usia dini untuk mempelajari keterampilan berbahasa?
Authors: Budiarti Erna
Published: March 2024

Terlibat dalam kegiatan bermain peran sangat penting untuk mendorong pertumbuhan komprehensif anak-anak. Bukti menunjukkan bahwa terlibat dalam kegiatan bermain peran mempunyai dampak positif pada anak-anak, meningkatkan perkembangan kepribadian, kemampuan komunikasi, dan kapasitas kognitif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan keterampilan berbahasa pada anak usia 5 hingga 6 tahun melalui kegiatan bermain peran, untuk meningkatkan kualitas karakter pada usia dini. Studi ini meneliti dampak menguntungkan dari melibatkan anak-anak dalam kegiatan bermain peran terhadap kemahiran linguistik dan pertumbuhan pribadi mereka. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dan dilaksanakan di TK Pelita Hati yang terletak di Dusun Pulau Jelmu, Kecamatan Jujuhan, Kabupaten Bungo, Provinsi Jambi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi studi kasus. Penelitian ini mencakup pengamatan keterlibatan anak-anak dalam kegiatan bermain peran dan melakukan analisis kualitatif terhadap transformasi karakter dan kemahiran berbahasa mereka. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterlibatan dalam permainan peran dapat sangat meningkatkan kemahiran linguistik anak-anak berusia antara 5 dan 6 tahun. Terlibat dalam banyak pekerjaan memungkinkan kaum muda untuk meningkatkan kosa kata mereka, memahami struktur kalimat, dan meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi mereka. Selain itu, latihan ini juga mendorong pengembangan karakter anak, seperti kerjasama, empati, dan kreativitas. Implikasi dari temuan ini sangat penting bagi kemajuan pendidikan anak usia dini karena temuan ini menggarisbawahi perlunya mengintegrasikan kegiatan bermain peran ke dalam kurikulum. Pendekatan ini dapat dimanfaatkan oleh para pendidik dan orang tua untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbahasa anak dan menumbuhkan sifat-sifat baik sejak dini. Oleh karena itu, menggabungkan kegiatan bermain peran dalam pendekatan pembelajaran komprehensif mungkin penting untuk mendorong pertumbuhan individu anak-anak.
Effect of Peripheral Heart Action on Body Composition and Blood Pressure in Women with High Blood Pressure
Authors: Nabilpour Maghsoud , Mayhew Jerry
Published: March 2024

Objectives: Exercise is non-medical treatment and low-risk strategy for people with hypertension. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of peripheral heart action (PHA) on body composition and blood pressure in women with high blood pressure. Methods: Twenty women (age = 38 - 46 years, BMI = 21 - 31 kg/m2) who had high blood pressure (135/88 mm Hg) volunteered to participate. Ten were randomly selected and submitted to 32 PHA exercise sessions. The remaining 10 participants served as a non-exercise control group. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), skinfold, and 1RM tests of maximum strength were determined before and after 36 exercise sessions. Results: SBP and DBP were decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the PHA group but not in the non-exercise control group. Furthermore, the training group made significant improvements in test of one-repetition maximum and body composition compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Resistance exercises using the PHA approach can be considered as a low-risk treatment for people with high blood pressure in order to improve blood pressure, increase muscular strength, and enhance overall fitness.
Evolution of Dietary Intake Between Before, During and After Ramadan Observance in Tunisian Physically Active Men: A Systematic Review
Authors: Boukhris Omar , Trabelsi Khaled , Chtourou Hamdi
Published: March 2024

Objective: The present review was designed to systematize the literature on the evolution of dietary intake in Tunisian physically active subjects (i.e., physically active men and physical education students) between before, during and after Ramadan observance. Evidence Acquisition: Two electronic databases, PubMed and Science direct, were searched using a comprehensive strategy. Studies published prior to August 2018 were included if they assessed dietary intake during Ramadan in Tunisian physically active subjects. A narrative synthesis of findings was conducted. Results: Nine studies evaluated the dietary intake change between before, during and after Ramadan observance. Energy intake decreased in three studies and did not change in six studies. One study showed decreases in fat intake during Ramadan, two studies reported increases and six studies did not report significant changes. Protein intake decreased in three studies, increased in one study and did not change in five studies. Carbohydrate intake did not change in six studies and increased in three studies. Total water intake decreased in four studies and did not change in one study. Conclusions: The literature does not support that Ramadan fasting had adverse effect on dietary intake.
Community Participation in Tourism Development at the Macaronis Tourism Attraction, Silabu Beach, Mentawai Islands
Authors: Saputra Nika , Syamsir Syamsir , Embi Muhamad Ali , Mulia Rizki Afri
Published: March 2024

This research aims to describe the participation of the Silabu community in tourism development at the Macaronis tourist attraction on Silabu Beach, Mentawai Islands. This type of research is descriptive-qualitative, the research subjects were chosen using purposive sampling, with the criteria for the research subjects being the local government and some members of the community. The techniques and data collection used are literature study and field study. Based on the research results, it was found that the participation of the Silabu community in developing the Macaronis tourist attraction was very instrumental in the establishment of this tourist attraction. Starting with proposing policies and hopes from the community for the development of the Macaronis tourist attraction area. Community participation in the field of facilities and infrastructure is something that has a big influence. The community as a workforce is the spearhead of a job, especially for this tourist spot, which requires quite a lot of energy, hard work, skills, and abilities. The obstacles encountered in developing tourism at the Macaronis Beach Silabu tourist attraction in the Mentawai Islands are that some participants have a top-down participation type or forced participation type, limited accessibility, especially land road access, availability of facilities and infrastructure, especially parking areas and counters in the Macaronis tourist attraction area, as well as limited human resources, both people employed and skills and abilities that still need to be improved, especially in service. Efforts made to overcome obstacles in developing tourism at the Macaronis Beach Silabu tourist attraction in the Mentawai Islands are in terms of community participation motivating each other to participate, in terms of limitations and availability of accessibility, facilities, and infrastructure, the efforts made are that the government continues to negotiate with superiors for an additional budget for improving access and completing facilities and infrastructure at the Macaronis tourist attraction.
Mennyire vonzó munkahely a nonprofit szektor a fiatalok számára?
Authors: Szabó-Bálint Brigitta , Venczel-Szakó Tímea , Pótó Judit , Sipos Norbert
Published: March 2024

Tanulmányunk célja a hallgatók karrierterveinek és munkavállalói elképzeléseinek bemutatása, kiemelve a nonprofit szféra jellegzetességeit. Kutatási kérdésünk, hogy a fiatalok számára mennyire vonzó munkahely a nonprofit szektor, továbbá, hogy észlelhető-e különbség a karriertervek, munkavállalói elképzelések tekintetében a nonprofit-, verseny-, illetve állami szférát preferálók körében. A kutatás során a Pécsi Tudományegyetem minden aktív hallgatói státuszú hallgatót megkérdeztünk minden képzési szinten. Összesen 886 fő válaszolt a 20 331 fős alapsokaságból. A karriertervek esetében csak a nappali tagozaton tanuló, magyar állampolgárságú hallgatók karrierterveit elemeztük. Ebből adódóan változott az alapsokaság és a mintanagyság is, összesen 631 fő válaszait vizsgáltuk a 11 887 fős alapsokaságból, ami 5,3%-os mintanagyságot eredményezett. Elemzéseink során eredményként azt találtuk, hogy a megkérdezett hallgatók csupán 10%-a szeretne a nonprofit szférában elhelyezkedni, azonban a nonprofit szférában tapasztalatot gyűjtők közel harmada szívesen dolgozna továbbra is itt. A nonprofit szektornál a függetlenség, a szolgálatkészség, mint karrierorientáció jóval erőteljesebb igényként jelentkezik. A vezetői kompetenciák legkevésbé a nonprofit szektorban azonosíthatók. Megállapításaink szerint a nonprofit szervezeteknek már a felsőfokú tanulmányok alatt meg kellene célozni a hallgatókat, hogy a pozitív tapasztalás révén növeljék az ebben a szektorban való későbbi elhelyezkedési szándékot.
Hogyan működik a szociodráma a közösségfejlesztésben?
Authors: Balla Edit
Published: March 2024

Találkozzunk és csináljuk együtt! – így summázza Jacob Levy Moreno, a szociometria atyja az emberi közösségek működésének kritériumait. De mégis, mi történik akkor, amikor az egymásnak először idegen emberek találkoznak, és együtt kezdenek csinálni valamit? Mi az a változás, ami csak ezekből a helyzetekből tud megszületni, és milyen szintje, mélysége szükséges az együttlétnek, közös tevékenységnek ahhoz, hogy a csoporttöbbletből fakadó csoda megtörténjen? Mi lép működésbe ilyenkor? Van-e az emberi találkozásoknak és együttléteknek közös, működő képlete? Ugyanis, ha van, a közösségfejlesztő és csoportokkal dolgozó szakemberek, vezetők, segítő szakemberek, feltehetőleg mind alkalmazni tudják azokon a színtereken, ahol egymást nem vagy csak felületesen ismerő emberekkel dolgoznak. A közösségi munkában, ahol a közösség cselekvő aktivitás kibontakozásához segítség szükséges, a szakember biztonságát jórészt az adja a folyamat beindításában, hogy ő tudja, mitől működik. A szociálpszichológia művelői az elmúlt száz évben elméletek sorát alkották meg annak magyarázatára, hogy mi határozza meg az emberek társas viselkedését, és ez milyen kapcsolatban van a személyiség fejlődésével. Moreno újító elméleteit a csoportdinami ka és a szociometria, „az emberi kapcsolatok mérésének tudománya” területén alkotta meg, melyet terápiás gyakorlatában a pszichodráma és a szociodráma színpadain kezdett alkalmazni. Tanulmányom alapját egy lakótelepi konfliktus kezelésére létrehozott közösségfejlesztő projekt képezi, amelyben a szociodráma akcióorientált módszerét alkalmaztuk. E példán keresztül keresem a választ arra, hogy mi adja a szociodráma – és minden más akciófókuszú, találkozáson és közös tevékenységen alapuló módszer – hatékonyságát a közösségalapú fejlesztésben és a konfliktuskezelésben. Arra is rávilágítok, hogy felülről való beavatkozás esetén lehet-e a kezdeményezés ugyanúgy sikeres, mint akkor, ha mindez organikus módon, a közösség tagjainak kezdeményezésére történik.
IT Infrastructure Library Framework Approach to the Measurement of e-Government Maturity
Authors: Batmetan Johan Reimon , Nur Muhammad , Turang Omega S.M. , Sumampouw Merry M.
Published: March 2024

This research was conducted to improve E-Government services on the Manado smart city application to the smart city and determine the level of readiness and feasibility of the Manado smart city application using the ITIL method in the service design domain and transmission service using the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) framework. The purpose of this study is to measure the level of marturity of the smart city and help the Manado city government in knowing the maturity level of Manado City towards a smart city. The research method used is the method of measuring the level of marturity using the ITIL framework. The results of this study show that this smart city application can be used at any time, especially at the Manado command center which can monitor the activities of each vehicle and various problems that cause congestion and can be seen from human resources for the usefulness of this application, there are still many who do not know and feel results, impact and benefits of this smart application. Many residents or residents of Manado do not use this smart city application technology.
Selvets ontologi hos Kierkegaard
Authors: Lübcke Poul
Published: March 2024

Selvets ontologi hos Kierkegaard
Wie kommt ein Ästhet zur Verzweiflung? Die Bedeutung der Kunst bei Kierkegaard und Schelling
Authors: Rosenau Hartmut
Published: March 2024

Wie kommt ein Ästhet zur Verzweiflung? Die Bedeutung der Kunst bei Kierkegaard und Schelling
Geistlosigkeit
Authors: Strand Frederik
Published: March 2024

Geistlosigkeit
The Doctrine of Creatio Ex Nihilo in the Thought of Søren Kierkegaard
Authors: Frawley Matt
Published: March 2024

The Doctrine of Creatio Ex Nihilo in the Thought of Søren Kierkegaard
Kierkegaards teologiske æstetik: Om troens perception
Authors: Rocca Ettore
Published: March 2024

Kierkegaards teologiske æstetik: Om troens perception
Carnivalization of Christendom
Authors: Gallas Alberto
Published: March 2024

Carnivalization of Christendom
Sokratisk metod hos Søren Kierkegaard och hans samtida
Authors: Bejerholm Lars
Published: March 2024

Sokratisk metod hos Søren Kierkegaard och hans samtida
Bildersprache und Symbolismus im »Begriff der Ironie«
Authors: Sorainen Kalle
Published: March 2024

Bildersprache und Symbolismus im »Begriff der Ironie«
Kierkegaard and his Pseudonyms: A Preliminary Report
Authors: McKinnon Alastair
Published: March 2024

Kierkegaard and his Pseudonyms: A Preliminary Report
The relevance and specificity of using choral works by modern composers in the class of «choral conducting»
Authors: Movchan Larisa Anatol'evna , Movchan Sergei Mikhailovich
Published: March 2024

In the article, the author addresses the issue of the repertoire of choral groups in the class specializing in Choral conducting. Works for a cappella choir have been one of the leading genres in the works of many modern composers for several decades. The popularity of secular choral music is associated with the development of collective musical education in educational institutions, as well as with the active participation of vocal ensembles in concerts, competitions and festivals. Spiritual compositions are also heard no less often, which is explained by the desire of composers and performers for spiritual pursuits that revived at the end of the twentieth century. Modern choral works use various innovative technologies that present a technical difficulty and require a certain methodological approach. The performance of works of this kind has a beneficial effect on improving the level of singing skills and professional competencies of future singers and choral conductors. The educational repertoire of choral students and the list of choral works performed by vocal groups at concerts/competitions/festivals have little overlap. If concert performers increasingly include music by contemporary authors in their program, then classical music still makes up a larger percentage of the repertoire in educational institutions. The following conclusions can be drawn from the study. Works for a cappella choir have been one of the leading genres in the works of many modern composers for several decades. The popularity of secular choral music is associated with the development of collective musical education in educational institutions, as well as with the active participation of vocal ensembles in concerts, competitions and festivals. Religious compositions are also heard no less often, which is explained by the desire of composers and performers for spiritual pursuits that revived at the end of the twentieth century. Updating the repertoire plays an important role in the education of music students. This is not only the study of innovative ideas of modern composers, the use of innovative technologies in teaching, but also the moral and ethical side. We have noted that in the music of the XXI century, the tendency to reflect reality and its constant changes is often applied. The performance of works of this kind has a beneficial effect on improving the level of singing skills and professional competencies of future singers and choral conductors.
Refined Evolutionary Trees Through an Exceptionally Compatible Alignment-Substitution Model
Authors: Runthala Ashish , Sowmya K. , Nasika Shamantha , Sai Bhimavarapu , Talukdar Atanu , Rajendran Vijayakumar , Karthikeyan S. , Silambarasan T. , Sharma Manmohan
Published: March 2024

A phylogenetic tree commonly represents evolutionary relationships within a set of protein sequences. Various methods and strategies have been used to improve the accuracy of phylogenetic trees, but their capacity to derive a biologically credible relationship appears to be overestimated. Although the quality of the protein sequence alignment and the choice of substitution matrix are preliminary constraints to define the biological accuracy of the overlapped residues, the alignment is not iteratively optimized through the statistical testing of residue-substitution models. The exact alignment protocol and substitution model information are by default used for every sequence set by a server to construct an often-irrelevant phylogenetic tree, and no sequence-based tailoring of phylogenetic strategy is implemented by any server. Rigorously constructing 270 evolutionary trees, constructed using IQ-TREE based on 13 different alignments (Clustal-Omega, Kalign, MAFFT, MUSCLE, TCoffee, and Promals3D, as well as their HHPred-based hidden Markov model [HMM] alignments using HHPred) and nine substitution models (Dayhoff, JJT, block substitution matrix62, WAG, probability matrix from blocks [PMB], direct computation with mutability [DCMUT], JTTDCmut, LG, and variable time), the present study highlights the failure of the current methods and emphasizes the need for a more accurate scrutiny of the entire phylogenetic methodology. MUSCLE alignment and the LG and Dayhoff matrices yield more accurate phylogenetic results for sequences shorter than 500 residues for the log-likelihood measure. Moreover, Kalign 1 HMM alignment yields the top-ranked tree with the lowest tree length score with only the PMB matrix, making this substitution model more accurate in terms of total tree length score. The suggested strategy would be beneficial for understanding the potential pitfalls of phylogenetic inference and would aid us in deriving a more accurate evolutionary relationship for a sequence dataset.
Haplotype Function Score improves biological interpretation and cross-ancestry polygenic prediction of human complex traits
Authors: Song Weichen , Shi Yongyong , Lin Guan Ning
Published: March 2024

We propose a new framework for human genetic association studies: at each locus, a deep learning model (in this study, Sei) is used to calculate the functional genomic activity score for two haplotypes per individual. This score, defined as the Haplotype Function Score (HFS), replaces the original genotype in association studies. Applying the HFS framework to 14 complex traits in the UK Biobank, we identified 3,619 independent HFS-trait associations with a significance of p<5×10
−8
. Fine-mapping revealed 2,699 causal associations, corresponding to a median increase of 63 causal findings per trait compared with SNP-based analysis. HFS-based enrichment analysis uncovered 727 pathway-trait associations and 153 tissue-trait associations with strong biological interpretability, including “circadian pathway-chronotype” and “arachidonic acid-intelligence”. Lastly, we applied LASSO regression to integrate HFS prediction score with SNP-based polygenic risk scores, which showed an improvement of 16.1% to 39.8% in cross-ancestry polygenic prediction. We concluded that HFS is a promising strategy for understanding the genetic basis of human complex traits.
Longitudinal Awake Imaging of Deep Mouse Brain Microvasculature with Super-resolution Ultrasound Localization Microscopy
Authors: Wang Yike , Lowerison Matthew R. , You Qi , Lin Bing-Ze , Llano Daniel A. , Song Pengfei
Published: March 2024

Super-resolution ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) is an emerging imaging modality that resolves capillary-scale microvasculature in deep tissues. However, existing preclinical ULM applications are largely constrained to anesthetized animals, introducing confounding vascular effects such as vasodilation and altered hemodynamics. As such, ULM quantifications (e.g., vessel diameter, density, and flow velocity) may be confounded by the use of anesthesia, undermining the usefulness of ULM in practice. Here we introduce a method to address this limitation and achieve ULM imaging in awake mouse brain. Pupillary monitoring was used to confirm the awake state during ULM imaging. ULM revealed that veins showed a greater degree of vascularity reduction from anesthesia to awake states than did arteries. The reduction was most significant in the midbrain and least significant in the cortex. ULM also revealed a significant reduction in venous blood flow velocity across different brain regions under awake conditions. Serial
in vivo
imaging of the same animal brain at weekly intervals demonstrated the highly robust longitudinal imaging capability of the proposed technique. This is the first study demonstrating longitudinal ULM imaging in the awake mouse brain, which is essential for many ULM brain applications that require awake and behaving animals.
Assessment of Haematological, Biochemical and Hormonal Changes in Mehsana buffaloes with Postpartum True Anestrus following Herbal Heat Inducer Treatment
Authors: Kalaswa S. M. , Jadav Ravindra , Keshav  , Solanki Vipul , Nakhashi H. C.
Published: March 2024

The present study was designed to explore the effects of a new Herbal heat inducer in Mehsana buffaloes with postpartum true anestrus and consecutive changes in Blood haematological, Biochemical and Hormonal profile. All the buffaloes were orally supplemented with Herbal heat inducer mixture on (Jantana powder-10gm) 1st, (Metrali powder-20gm) 2nd and (Hitali-powder-500mg) 5th day for augmentation of oestrus. Out of total treated animals 10 animals expressed the signs of estrus within 30 days. Post-treatment analysis of the overall blood packed cell volume percent in conceiving buffaloes had a significant (p≤0.05) elevate. Overall blood plasma total cholesterol concentration (mg/dl) was found to be significantly (p≤0.001) elevated in all treated and both conceiving and non-conceiving buffaloes, respectively. Overall blood plasma progesterone concentration (ng/ml) was found to be significantly (p≤0.0001) and (p≤0.001) elevated in all treated and both conceived and non-conceived buffaloes, which indicate the positive favourable effect of all the drugs on postpartum true anestrus condition. However, Overall blood plasma tri-iodothyronine concentration (ng/ml) was found to be significantly (p≤0.001) and (p≤0.01) elevated in all treated and all conceived buffaloes. Findings of the present study revealed that strategic use of Indigenous herbal heat inducer in feed mixture may resolve the postpartum true anestrus problems in buffaloes.
Mental reinstatement of context: A technique for interviewing child witnesses
Authors: Dietze Paul M. , Thomason Donald M.
Published: May 2007

The effectiveness of mental reinstatement of context as a technique for interviewing child witnesses was examined. Adult, 6‐year‐olds and 11 ‐year‐olds viewed a film and were interviewed in one of three conditions; (1) free recall, (2) mental reinstatement of the context in which the film was viewed or (3) a series of specific questions about the film. In terms of correct information recalled, mental reinstatement of context and specific questions produced more correct responses than did free recall. In terms of errors of commission, specific questions produced more responses than either free recall or mental reinstatement of context. Age‐related increases in both correct and incorrect responses were found supporting some previous findings. The implications of these results in terms of children's eyewitness memory were discussed, and future research directions were indicated.
Does anxiety affect children's reports of memory for a stressful event?
Authors: Vandermaas Maureen O. , Hess Thomas M. , Baker‐Ward Lynne
Published: May 2007

The study was conducted to explore the effects of anxiety on children's memory for a naturalistic, potentially stressful event. Eighty children of two age groups, 4‐5 and 7‐8 years, visited the dentist for either a teeth‐cleaning check‐up or an operative procedure. Anxiety was assessed by a behavioural rating scale, as well as through Likert‐scale ratings by the hygienist, parent, and child. Memory for the event was elicited through free recall and specific central and peripheral questions. High anxiety had a debilitative effect on the reports of the older children, but not on young children's reports. However, experience with the dental event mediated the influence of age and anxiety on memory. Although all measures of anxiety were significantly associated with each other, only the behavioural rating scale yielded statistically reliable effects of anxiety on memory. The anxiety‐memory relationship is believed to be more complex than previous research with children suggests.
Recall of the Hillsborough disaster over time: Systematic biases of ‘flashbulb’ memories
Authors: Wright Daniel B.
Published: May 2007

The class of memories, described within the literature as flashbulb memories, are susceptible to the same type of systematic biases as everyday memories. These systematic biases, which are consistent with schematic or reconstructive memory theories, were observed in subjects' recalls of the Hillsborough football disaster. Subjects (n = 247) recalled their circumstances when they first heard about the event, gave ratings of various characteristics of the event and wrote down other events of which Hillsborough reminded them. Each of these measures exhibited systematic biases. It is argued that the most consistent explanation for the phenomena requires ordinary reconstructive memory processes and not a special mechanism as postulated within the original definition of flashbulb memories.
An activity theory approach to memory
Authors: Scribner Sylvia , Beach King
Published: May 2007

The articles which follow report independent research that originated in a collaborative group now organized as the Laboratory for Cognitive Studies of Work. Laboratory members are collectively engaged in working out a conceptual framework for cognitive research based on activity theory. Beach and Stevens, together with Scribner, elaborated this framework in the domain of memory, and in this introduction we will briefly sketch its principal implications for the ecological study of memory.
Differential dopamine receptor D4 allele association with ADHD dependent of proband season of birth
Authors: Brookes K.J. , Neale B. , Xu X. , Thapar A. , Gill M. , Langley K. , Hawi Z. , Mill J. , Taylor E. , Franke B. , Chen W. , Ebstein R. , Buitelaar J. , Banaschewski T. , Sonuga‐Barke E. , Eisenberg J. , Manor I. , Miranda A. , Oades R.D. , Roeyers H. , Rothenberger A. , Sergeant J. , Steinhausen H.C. , Faraone S.V. , Asherson P.
Published: May 2007

Season of birth (SOB) has been associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in two existing studies. One further study reported an interaction between SOB and genotypes of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene. It is important that these findings are further investigated to confirm or refute the findings. In this study, we investigated the SOB association with ADHD in four independent samples collected for molecular genetic studies of ADHD and found a small but significant increase in summer births compared to a large population control dataset. We also observed a significant association with the 7‐repeat allele of the DRD4 gene variable number tandem repeat polymorphism in exon three with probands born in the winter season, with no significant differential transmission of this allele between summer and winter seasons. Preferential transmission of the 2‐repeat allele to ADHD probands occurred in those who were born during the summer season, but did not surpass significance for association, even though the difference in transmission between the two seasons was nominally significant. However, following adjustment for multiple testing of alleles none of the SOB effects remained significant. We conclude that the DRD4 7‐repeat allele is associated with ADHD but there is no association or interaction with SOB for increased risk for ADHD. Our findings suggest that we can refute a possible effect of SOB for ADHD. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fortschritte bei asymmetrischen Phasentransferkatalysen
Authors: Ooi Takashi , Maruoka Keiji
Published: May 2007

Der Einsatz chiraler nichtracemischer Oniumsalze und Kronenether als wirksame Phasentransferkatalysatoren ist intensiv untersucht worden. Gesucht wurde dabei vorrangig nach Wegen zur enantioselektiven Knüpfung von Kohlenstoff‐Kohlenstoff‐ oder Kohlenstoff‐Heteroatom‐Bindungen unter milden Bedingungen in Zweiphasensystemen. Eine Voraussetzung für optimale asymmetrische Katalysen ist die Abstimmung des Katalysators auf die jeweilige Reaktion und, daraus resultierend, die Bildung definierter chiraler Ionenpaare, die dann effizient und stereoselektiv mit Elektrophilen reagieren. In Kombination mit den vielfältigen Synthesemöglichkeiten durch Phasentransferkatalysen ergibt sich so ein universell anwendbares Verfahren zur asymmetrischen Synthese wertvoller organischer Verbindungen.
Synthese monodisperser sphärischer Nanokristalle
Authors: Park Jongnam , Joo Jin , Kwon Soon Gu , Jang Youngjin , Hyeon Taeghwan
Published: May 2007

In den vergangenen zehn Jahren wurden bei der Synthese monodisperser sphärischer Nanokristalle große Fortschritte erzielt. Mechanistische Studien haben gezeigt, dass monodisperse Nanokristalle entstehen, wenn sich an die schlagartige Keimbildung eine separate diffusionskontrollierte Wachstumsphase anschließt, die die Kristallitgröße festlegt. Eine Reihe chemischer Methoden wurde zur Synthese einheitlicher Metall‐, Metalloxid‐ und Metallchalkogenid‐Nanokristalle angewendet. Monodisperse Nanokristalle aus CdSe, Co und anderen Materialien wurden in Tensidlösungen durch Auslösen der Keimbildung bei hoher Temperatur, anschließendes Altern und Größenselektion erhalten. Monodisperse Nanokristalle vieler Metalle und Metalloxide, darunter auch magnetische Ferrite, wurden direkt durch die thermische Zersetzung von Metall‐Tensid‐Komplexen synthetisiert. Nichthydrolytische Sol‐Gel‐Reaktionen ergaben verschiedene Übergangsmetalloxid‐Nanokristalle. Monodisperse Goldnanokristalle entstanden durch einen zersetzenden Reifungsprozess aus polydispersen Goldnanokristallen. Gold‐, Silber‐, Platin‐ und Palladiumnanokristalle mit einheitlicher Größe wurden in Polyolprozessen synthetisiert, bei denen die Metallsalze in Gegenwart geeigneter Tenside mit Alkoholen reduziert wurden.
Die Terminologie von Polymeren mit ionisierbaren oder ionischen Gruppen und von Polymeren, die Ionen enthalten
Authors: Theato Patrick
Published: May 2007

Die gängigsten Begriffe auf dem Gebiet der Polymere mit ionisierbaren oder ionischen Gruppen und der Polymere, die Ionen enthalten, werden hier definiert, wobei ausschließlich organische Polymere berücksichtigt wurden.
High‐performance styrenic thermoplastic vulcanizates for long‐term application
Authors: Yun Jushik , Patel Raman , Worley Darnell C.
Published: May 2007

Styrenic thermoplastic vulcanizates (STPVs) were developed for long‐term high‐temperature applications. These STPVs consist of polypropylene as the continuous phase and a crosslinked modified hydrogenated styrenic block copolymer (mHSBC) as the dispersed phase. The present study compared STPVs with conventional TPVs (CTPVs) containing EPDM/PP. The STPVs showed a 20% improvement in solvent resistance after 500 h of immersion in IRM 903 oil at 125°C, and the swelling of oil did not increase with time. The elastic recovery was 50% better than with CTPVs. Tensile property retention was approximately 10% higher after aging for 1440 h at 125°C when compared to CTPVs. These observed property improvements for STPVs relative to conventional TPVs can possibly be explained by the unique morphology of the resulting STPV compounds. These performance characteristics make STPVs more suitable for high‐temperature air and chemical environmental applications. This new TPV technology is expected to bridge the gap between polypropylene/EPDM TPVs and more costly engineering TPVs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Application of conducting poly(aniline‐co‐pyrrole) film to cholesterol biosensor
Authors: Solanki Pratima R. , Singh Suman , Prabhakar Nirmal , Pandey M. K. , Malhotra B. D.
Published: May 2007

Cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) has been covalently immobilized onto poly(aniline‐co‐pyrrole), electrochemically deposited onto indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO) glass plates, using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker. These poly (An‐co‐Py)/ChOx films have been characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and photometric and amperometric techniques, respectively. The poly(An‐co‐Py)/ChOx bioelectrodes have been utilized for cholesterol estimation in the range of 1–10 mM. The ChOx activity in poly(An‐co‐Py)/ChOx bioelectrode has been found to be the highest at pH 7.0 at 25°C. The sensitivity and stability of poly(An‐co‐Py)/ChOx bioelectrode have been experimentally determined as 93.35 μA/mM and 10 weeks at 4°C, respectively. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Adaptations of the cetacean hyolingual apparatus for aquatic feeding and thermoregulation
Authors: Werth Alexander J.
Published: May 2007

Foraging methods vary considerably among semiaquatic and fully aquatic mammals. Semiaquatic animals often find food in water yet consume it on land, but as truly obligate aquatic mammals, cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) must acquire and ingest food underwater. It is hypothesized that differences in foraging methods are reflected in cetacean hyolingual apparatus anatomy. This study compares the musculoskeletal anatomy of the hyolingual apparatus in 91 cetacean specimens, including 8 mysticetes (baleen whales) in two species and 91 odontocetes (toothed whales) in 11 species. Results reveal specific adaptations for aquatic life. Intrinsic fibers are sparser and extrinsic musculature comprises a significantly greater proportion of the cetacean tongue relative to terrestrial mammals and other aquatic mammals such as pinnipeds and sirenians. Relative sizes and connections of cetacean tongue muscles to the hyoid apparatus relate to differences in feeding methods used by cetaceans, specifically filtering, suction, and raptorial prehension. In odontocetes and eschrichtiids (gray whales), increased tongue musculature and enlarged hyoids allow grasping and/or lingual depression to generate intraoral suction for prey ingestion. In balaenopterids (rorqual whales), loose and flaccid tongues enable great distention of the oral cavity for prey engulfing. In balaenids (right and bowhead whales), large but stiffer tongues direct intraoral water flow for continuous filtration feeding. Balaenid and eschrichtiid (and possibly balaenopterid) mysticete tongues possess vascular retial adaptations for thermoregulation and large amounts of submucosal adipose tissue for nutritional storage. All cetacean tongues also function in prey transport and swallowing. These hyolingual musculoskeletal differences are unique cetacean anatomical adaptations for foraging entirely in an aquatic environment. Anat Rec, 290:546–568, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dopamine and octopamine regulate 20‐hydroxyecdysone level in vivo in Drosophila
Authors: Rauschenbach I. Yu. , Chentsova N.A. , Alekseev A.A. , Gruntenko N.E. , Adonyeva N.V. , Karpova E.K. , Komarova T.N. , Vasiliev V.G. , Bownes M.
Published: May 2007

The effects of increased level of dopamine (DA) (feeding flies with DA precursor, L‐dihydroxyphenylalanine, L‐DOPA) on the level of 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) and on juvenile hormone (JH) metabolism in young (2‐day‐old) wild type females (the strain wt) of Drosophila virilis have been studied. Feeding the flies with L‐DOPA increased DA content by a factor of 2.5, and led to a considerable increase in 20E level and a decrease of JH degradation (an increase in JH level). We have also measured the levels of 20E in the young (1‐day‐old) octopamineless females of the strain TβhnM18 and in wild type females, Canton S, of D. melanogaster. The absence of OA led to a considerable decrease in 20E level (earlier it was shown that in the TβhnM18 females, JH degradation was sharply increased). We have studied the effects of JH application on 20E level in 2‐day‐old wt females of D. virilis and demonstrated that an increase in JH titre results in a steep increase of 20E level. The supposition that biogenic amines act as intermediary between JH and 20E in the control of Drosophila reproduction is discussed. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 65:95–102, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atemonate and Imuteran: Novel Russian monoclonal antibody‐based therapeutic agents
Authors: Ivanov Pavel K. , Blokhin Dmitry Y. , Chmutin Evgeny F. , Grinevich Anatoly S. , Perlin Dmitry V. , Sokolsky Alexander S. , Yakubovskaya Raisa I. , Baryshnikov Anatoly Y.
Published: May 2007

The N. Blokhin National Cancer Research Center is one of the few Russian scientific institutions in which hybridoma technology of monoclonal antibody (mAb) production has been successfully established. Using this technology, several dozens of mAbs to various antigens of human leukocytes have been elaborated. These mAbs are widely used for immune status evaluation and for differential diagnostics of leukemias. Two mAbs were used to develop therapeutic drugs. Imuteran is a pharmaceutical form of mAb ICO‐25 against a mucin‐like antigen of human milk fat globules and proposed for treatment of epithelial cell‐originating cancers (breast, intestinal, ovarian, lung cancer, etc.). ThePhase II clinical study of this agent is now nearly completed, and preliminary results suggest Imuteran to be a promising anticancer agent with tumor‐stabilizing activity, but patients should be carefully monitored for signs of allergic reactions. mAb ICO‐90 against the CD3 antigen of human T lymphocytes was used to develop the therapeutic agent Atemonate proposed for treatment of acute transplant rejection. At present, the Phase II clinical study of this agent is over, and the results confirm the drug safety and efficacy for this indication. The drug is being registered at the Ministry of Healthcare and Social Development, and transfer to serial production is expected shortly.