bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From follicle to blastocyst: microRNA-34c from follicular fluid-derived extracellular vesicles modulates blastocyst quality
Authors: Benedetti Camilla , Pavani Krishna Chaitanya , Gansemans Yannick , Azari-Dolatabad Nima , Pascottini Osvaldo Bogado , Peelman Luc , Six Rani , Fan Yuan , Guan Xuefeng , Deserranno Koen , Fernández-Montoro Andrea , Hamacher Joachim , Van Nieuwerburgh Filip , Fair Trudee , Hendrix An , Smits Katrien , Van Soom Ann
Published: August 2024

Background

Within the follicular fluid, extracellular vesicles (EVs) guide oocyte growth through their cargo microRNAs (miRNAs). Here, we investigated the role of EVs and their cargo miRNAs by linking the miRNAs found in EVs, derived from the fluid of an individual follicle, to the ability of its oocyte to become a blastocyst (competent) or not (non-competent).

Methods

Bovine antral follicles were dissected, categorized as small (2–4 mm) or large (5–8 mm) and the corresponding oocytes were subjected to individual maturation, fertilization and embryo culture to the blastocyst stage. Follicular fluid was pooled in 4 groups (4 replicates) based on follicle size and competence of the corresponding oocyte to produce a blastocyst. Follicular fluid-derived EVs were isolated, characterized, and subjected to miRNA-sequencing (Illumina Miseq) to assess differential expression (DE) in the 4 groups. Functional validation of the effect of miR-34c on embryo development was performed by supplementation of mimics and inhibitors during in vitro maturation (IVM).

Results

We identified 16 DE miRNAs linked to oocyte competence when follicular size was not considered. Within the large and small follicles, 46 DE miRNAs were driving blastocyst formation in each group. Comparison of EVs from competent small and large follicles revealed 90 DE miRNAs. Cell regulation, cell differentiation, cell cycle, and metabolic process regulation were the most enriched pathways targeted by the DE miRNAs from competent oocytes. We identified bta-miR-34c as the most abundant in follicular fluid containing competent oocytes. Supplementation of miR-34c mimic and inhibitor during IVM did not affect embryo development. However, blastocyst quality, as evidenced by higher cell numbers, was significantly improved following oocyte IVM in the presence of miR-34c mimics, while miR-34c inhibitors resulted in the opposite effect.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the regulatory effect of miRNAs from follicular fluid-derived EVs on oocyte competence acquisition, providing a further basis for understanding the significance of miRNAs in oocyte maturation and embryonic development. Up-regulation of miR-34c in EVs from follicular fluid containing competent oocytes and the positive impact of miR-34c mimics added during IVM on the resulting blastocysts indicate its pivotal role in oocyte competence.
Astragalus polysaccharides-induced gut microbiota play a predominant role in enhancing of intestinal barrier function of broiler chickens
Authors: Yang Jiantao , Sun Yanpeng , Wang Qianggang , Yu Shanglin , Li Yanhe , Yao Bin , Yang Xiaojun
Published: August 2024

Background

The intestinal barrier is the first line of defense against intestinal invasion by pathogens and foreign antigens and is closely associated with the gut microbiota. Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) have a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine owing to its protective properties against intestinal barrier function. The mechanism of APS-induced gut microbiota enhancing intestinal barrier function is urgently needed.

Results

Dietary polysaccharide deprivation induced intestinal barrier dysfunction, decreased growth performance, altered microbial composition (Faecalibacterium, Dorea, and Coprobacillus), and reduced isobutyrate concentration. The results showed that APS facilitates intestinal barrier function in broiler chickens, including a thicker mucus layer, reduced crypt depth, and the growth of tight junction proteins. We studied the landscape of APS-induced gut microbiota and found that APS selectively promoted the growth of Parabacteroides, a commensal bacterium that plays a predominant role in enhancing intestinal barrier function. An in vitro growth assay further verified that APS selectively increased the abundance of Parabacteroides distasonis and Bacteroides uniformis. Dietary APS supplementation increased the concentrations of isobutyrate and bile acid (mainly chenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholate acid) and activated signaling pathways related to intestinal barrier function (such as protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, tight junctions, and adherens junction signaling pathways).

Conclusions

APS intervention restored the dietary polysaccharide-induced dysfunction of the intestinal barrier by selectively promoting the abundance of Parabacteroides distasonis, and increasing the concentrations of isobutyrate and bile acids (mainly CDCA and DCA). These findings suggest that APS-induced gut microbiota and metabolic niches are promising strategies for enhancing intestinal barrier function.

Graphical Abstract
The prospect of ‘interstitial practice’ in the in-between spaces of Caracas
Authors: García Alcaraz Teresa
Published: August 2024

This paper delves into interstitial practice, a phenomenon unfolding in the in-between spaces, with a specific focus on Caracas, Venezuela. It explores the complex relationship between space, art, and power, comprehensively analysing interstitial practice as a flexible resource shaped by diverse interests, thus empowering its political nature and impact on immediate surroundings. Through a multi-faced methodological approach, findings suggest that the institutionalisation of this practice near vulnerable areas becomes a focal point for political sources, emphasising the community sentiment to shape a collective urban identity. This research offers a foundational reference for understanding the dynamic interplay of territory, urban interventions, and power in urban contexts and provides profound insights into the transformative potential of in-between spaces in contemporary cities.
The effect of traditional processing craft on the hygroscopicity of palm leaf manuscripts
Authors: Yu Dehao , Li Xuanhua , Sun Si’ao , Guo Hong , Luo Hao , Zhu Jinmeng , Li Liusan , Wang Shan , Han Liuyang
Published: August 2024

Palm leaf manuscripts, which are crucial carriers of historical, religious, scientific, and artistic information in East and Southeast Asia, specifically encapsulate significant aspects of Buddhist culture and thus require comprehensive research and preservation efforts. The base material of palm leaf manuscripts is processed palm leaves, which are hygroscopic and profoundly affected by environmental humidity. Currently, there is a research gap regarding the impact of traditional processing crafts and natural aging on the hygroscopicity of palm leaf manuscripts. Utilizing dynamic water vapor sorption (DVS), the hygroscopic properties of palm leaves from various years were assessed before and after traditional processing in Yunnan Province, China. The results show that traditional processing slightly increases the equilibrium moisture content (EMC) in environments with 0 to 60% relative humidity (RH), but significantly lowers EMC in high humidity environments, with reductions up to 19.01%. Additionally, hysteresis doubled post-processing, indicating enhanced stability under fluctuating humidity conditions. Sorption models suggest that traditional processing increases the number of adsorption sites while reducing physical adsorption or capillary condensation. FT-IR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) analysis indicates that the relative contents of cellulose and hemicellulose were reduced by 39.90% and 3.97%, respectively. Degradation occurring in both the crystalline and amorphous regions of cellulose. After natural aging, the hygroscopicity of processed palm leaves improved across the entire humidity range of 0 to 95%, and there was a slight increase in hysteresis. This is due to the increase in both adsorption sites and physical adsorption capabilities. FT-IR results also indicate that the relative contents of cellulose and hemicellulose were decreased by 57.52% and 19.83% after nature aging, respectively. These findings confirm that traditional processing improves the writability and humidity resilience of the leaves, while natural aging enhances their overall hygroscopic properties. This research contributes to our understanding of how humidity damages palm leaf manuscripts. aids in determining optimal RH ranges for storage, and assesses the effectiveness of consolidation treatments in their long–term preservation.
Advancing cybersecurity: a comprehensive review of AI-driven detection techniques
Authors: Salem Aya H. , Azzam Safaa M. , Emam O. E. , Abohany Amr A.
Published: August 2024

As the number and cleverness of cyber-attacks keep increasing rapidly, it's more important than ever to have good ways to detect and prevent them. Recognizing cyber threats quickly and accurately is crucial because they can cause severe damage to individuals and businesses. This paper takes a close look at how we can use artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), alongside metaheuristic algorithms to detect cyber-attacks better. We've thoroughly examined over sixty recent studies to measure how effective these AI tools are at identifying and fighting a wide range of cyber threats. Our research includes a diverse array of cyberattacks such as malware attacks, network intrusions, spam, and others, showing that ML and DL methods, together with metaheuristic algorithms, significantly improve how well we can find and respond to cyber threats. We compare these AI methods to find out what they're good at and where they could improve, especially as we face new and changing cyber-attacks. This paper presents a straightforward framework for assessing AI Methods in cyber threat detection. Given the increasing complexity of cyber threats, enhancing AI methods and regularly ensuring strong protection is critical. We evaluate the effectiveness and the limitations of current ML and DL proposed models, in addition to the metaheuristic algorithms. Recognizing these limitations is vital for guiding future enhancements. We're pushing for smart and flexible solutions that can adapt to new challenges. The findings from our research suggest that the future of protecting against cyber-attacks will rely on continuously updating AI methods to stay ahead of hackers' latest tricks.
Interpolation-split: a data-centric deep learning approach with big interpolated data to boost airway segmentation performance
Authors: Cheung Wing Keung , Pakzad Ashkan , Mogulkoc Nesrin , Needleman Sarah Helen , Rangelov Bojidar , Gudmundsson Eyjolfur , Zhao An , Abbas Mariam , McLaverty Davina , Asimakopoulos Dimitrios , Chapman Robert , Savas Recep , Janes Sam M. , Hu Yipeng , Alexander Daniel C. , Hurst John R. , Jacob Joseph
Published: August 2024

The morphology and distribution of airway tree abnormalities enable diagnosis and disease characterisation across a variety of chronic respiratory conditions. In this regard, airway segmentation plays a critical role in the production of the outline of the entire airway tree to enable estimation of disease extent and severity. Furthermore, the segmentation of a complete airway tree is challenging as the intensity, scale/size and shape of airway segments and their walls change across generations. The existing classical techniques either provide an undersegmented or oversegmented airway tree, and manual intervention is required for optimal airway tree segmentation. The recent development of deep learning methods provides a fully automatic way of segmenting airway trees; however, these methods usually require high GPU memory usage and are difficult to implement in low computational resource environments. Therefore, in this study, we propose a data-centric deep learning technique with big interpolated data, Interpolation-Split, to boost the segmentation performance of the airway tree. The proposed technique utilises interpolation and image split to improve data usefulness and quality. Then, an ensemble learning strategy is implemented to aggregate the segmented airway segments at different scales. In terms of average segmentation performance (dice similarity coefficient, DSC), our method (A) achieves 90.55%, 89.52%, and 85.80%; (B) outperforms the baseline models by 2.89%, 3.86%, and 3.87% on average; and (C) produces maximum segmentation performance gain by 14.11%, 9.28%, and 12.70% for individual cases when (1) nnU-Net with instant normalisation and leaky ReLU; (2) nnU-Net with batch normalisation and ReLU; and (3) modified dilated U-Net are used respectively. Our proposed method outperformed the state-of-the-art airway segmentation approaches. Furthermore, our proposed technique has low RAM and GPU memory usage, and it is GPU memory-efficient and highly flexible, enabling it to be deployed on any 2D deep learning model.
Initiation of a novel text messaging system in total knee and hip arthroplasty
Authors: van der Merwe Johannes M. , Nickol Michaela E.
Published: August 2024

Background

The primary objective of this study was to investigate whether using a novel text messaging system improves patient overall satisfaction compared to standard care. Secondary objectives included assessing the impact of the text messaging system on decreasing narcotic usage, the number of emergency department visits, the range of flexion and extension, and number of telephone calls to the surgeon’s office.

Methods

We enrolled 217 patients to either receive informative text messages (text messaging group, n = 86) or no additional text messages (conventional group, n = 131). Patients self-reported results on a questionnaire at the 6-week follow-up regarding the primary and secondary objectives. The active range of motion of total knee arthroplasty patients was recorded by the surgeon or treating physiotherapist.

Results

There was no significant difference in overall satisfaction (P = 0.644), narcotic cessation (P = 0.185), range of motion (Flexion P = 0.521; Extension P = 0.515), and emergency department visits (P = 0.650) between the two groups. There was a statistically significant decrease in surgeon office calls favoring the text messaging group (P = 0.029). A subgroup analysis revealed that the statistical difference was mainly in the TKA group (P = 0.046).

Conclusions

A novel text messaging system may help reduce the work burden by decreasing telephone calls to the surgeon’s office. While satisfaction, narcotic usage, emergency department visits, and range of motion did not significantly differ, patients endorsed the system for friends/family.
Jaboticaba (Plinia jaboticaba (Vell.) Berg) polyphenols alleviate skeletal muscle insulin resistance by modulating PI3K/Akt/GLUT-4 and AMPK signaling pathways in diet-induced obese mice
Authors: Pessoa Érika V. M. , Moura Márcio H. C. , Rodrigues Larissa , Rossi e Silva Rafaela , Castro Érique , Festuccia William T. , Donado-Pestana Carlos M. , Genovese Maria Inés
Published: August 2024

Skeletal muscle responds for most of the insulin-stimulated glucose disposal at postprandial state, impacting glucose homeostasis. Polyphenols were shown to prevent obesity-associated glucose intolerance and peripheral insulin resistance in animal models, but the implication of skeletal muscle to these effects is unclear. We investigated the role of polyphenolic extracts from jaboticaba (Plinia jaboticaba (Vell.) Berg) (PEJ), a Brazilian native species, on skeletal muscle insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice. PEJ administration was associated with an increase in skeletal muscle protein content of glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylated at Thr172. PEJ also reduced skeletal muscle mRNA levels of inflammatory genes nuclear factor-ҡB (NF-κB), tumoral necrose factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). This study demonstrates that polyphenols from jaboticaba may be a valuable therapeutic agent in the management and prevention of obesity-associated metabolic disorders by reducing skeletal muscle obesity-associated insulin resistance and inflammation.

Graphical Abstract
Relationship between the efficacy and adverse effects of methotrexate and gene polymorphism
Authors: Zhao Xin , Wu Pan , Yang Zhi , Miao Rong-Rong
Published: August 2024

Methotrexate is a widely used drug in clinical practice for the treatment of collagen vascular diseases and malignant tumors. It has good anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects, but the cytotoxicity of methotrexate can cause various adverse reactions in patients. Studies have shown that the sensitivity and tolerance of different individuals to methotrexate is different. There are many reasons for this difference. Among them, genetic polymorphism is one of the main factors that cause individual differences. This article provides an overview of the genetic polymorphisms of key proteins involved in methotrexate metabolism and transport, such as MTHFR, FPGS, γ-GGH, ABC transporter, OATPs, SLC, TS and DHFR, are related to their efficacy and adverse reactions. The aim is to clarify the impact of genetic polymorphisms on the efficacy and adverse effects of methotrexate at the pharmacogenomic level, in order to provide a basis for the clinical application of methotrexate.
Adrenal Suppression From Vamorolone and Prednisone in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Results From the Phase 2b Clinical Trial
Authors: Ahmet Alexandra , Tobin Rebecca , Dang Utkarsh J , Rooman Raoul , Guglieri Michela , Clemens Paula R , Hoffman Eric P , Ward Leanne M
Published: August 2024

Context

Vamorolone, a novel “dissociative” steroid, demonstrated similar efficacy in muscle function relative to prednisone 0.75 mg/kg/day but improved linear growth and bone turnover markers in a randomized trial of pediatric Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).

Objectives

To determine the frequency of adrenal suppression (AS) induced by vamorolone and prednisone in pediatric DMD and to assess cortisol thresholds using a monoclonal antibody immunoassay.

Methods

Post hoc analysis of cortisol levels was performed on data from a randomized, double-blind, placebo- and prednisone-controlled 24-week trial of vamorolone with a 24-week crossover extension. Morning and ACTH-stimulated cortisol levels were measured using the Elecsys II immunoassay, with AS defined as a stimulated cortisol of <500 nmol/L (“historical threshold”) and <400 nmol/L (“revised threshold”).

Results

Mean age at enrolment was 5.41 ± 0.86 years (n = 118). At week 24, the proportion of participants with AS using the historical and revised cortisol thresholds, respectively, were as follows: prednisone 0.75 mg/kg/day = 100% (25/25) and 92.0% (23/25); vamorolone 6 mg/kg/day = 95.2% (20/21) and 90.5% (19/21); vamorolone 2 mg/kg/day = 84.2% (16/19) and 47.5% (9/19); and placebo = 20.0% (4/20) and 0% (0/20). Morning and peak ACTH-stimulated cortisol were strongly correlated in steroid-treated boys (Spearman correlation week 48 = 0.83).

Conclusion

AS after vamorolone and prednisone was frequent and vamorolone-associated AS appeared dose-dependent. A lower stimulated cortisol threshold may be appropriate when using a monoclonal assay. We recommend hydrocortisone for glucocorticoid stress dosing in patients receiving vamorolone.
A Revolutionary Device for Endovascular Aortic Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Pilot Study
Authors: Taofan Taofan , Dakota Iwan , Kang Sung Gwon , Adiarto Suko , Indriani Suci , Aurora Ruth Grace , Putra Rendra Mahardika , Marsudi Bagas Adhimurda , Benly Melani Limenco , Lam Macmilliac , Iqbal Muhammad Rafli , Herlambang Bagus , Yuniadi Yoga , Sukmawan Renan , Widyantoro Bambang
Published: August 2024

Background Endovascular repair for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) has been the gold standard since it was established in 1991. Various graft configurations have been developed to overcome the limitations of endovascular aortic repair (EVAR), including contralateral gate cannulation (CGC). We propose a new device and technique intended to simplify endovascular AAA repair, along with reports of its application in six patients. Intervention The Taofan and Kang (T&K) bidirectional endovascular aortic repair (B-EVAR (B-EVAR) device uses a main-body stent graft, two-limb extensions, and bare metal stent. The procedure involved accessing the right and left femoral arteries, followed by standard aortography evaluation using a pigtail catheter through the contralateral femoral access. The main body stent graft is deployed through ipsilateral femoral access using a balloon catheter, while the contralateral gate is cannulated with a hydrophilic coated wire. Both balloons were inflated simultaneously to ensure that the wires were in different lumens. Contralateral and ipsilateral extensions were deployed using a limb extension stent graft. Standard aortography evaluation was repeated. Result T&K B-EVAR pilot procedures proved successful in various cases, from simple to complex anatomy, and even with varied graft stent deployment strategies. None of the patients had complications or prolonged length of stay (LOS). Follow-up CT did not reveal any high-pressure endoleaks. Conclusion T&K B-EVAR has been proven to simplify endovascular AAA repair in six patients with excellent results. It is also reproducible, potentially universally applicable, and can offer operators ease of use, faster procedure times, reduced fluoroscopy times, and reduced contrast usage.
Identification of heart rate dynamics during treadmill and cycle ergometer exercise: the role of model zeros and dead time
Authors: Hunt Kenneth J. , Wang Hanjie
Published: August 2024

Background The response of heart rate to changes in exercise intensity is comprised of several dynamic modes with differing magnitudes and temporal characteristics. Investigations of empirical identification of dynamic models of heart rate showed that second-order models gave substantially and significantly better model fidelity compared to the first order case. In the present work, we aimed to reanalyse data from previous studies to more closely consider the effect of including a zero and a pure delay in the model. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of 22 treadmill (TM) and 54 cycle ergometer (CE) data sets from a total of 38 healthy participants. A linear, time-invariant plant model structure with up to two poles, a zero and a dead time is considered. Empirical estimation of the free parameters was performed using least-squares optimisation. The primary outcome measure is model fit, which is a normalised root-mean-square model error. Results A model comprising parallel connection of two first-order transfer functions, one with a dead time and one without, was found to give the highest fit (56.7 % for TM, 54.3 % for CE), whereby the non-delayed component appeared to merely capture initial transients in the data and the part with dead time likely represented the true dynamic response of heart rate to the excitation. In comparison, a simple first-order model without dead time gave substantially lower fit than the parallel model (50.2 % for TM, 47.9 % for CE). Conclusions This preliminary analysis points to a linear first-order system with dead time as being an appropriate model for heart rate response to exercise using treadmill and cycle ergometer modalities. In order to avoid biased estimates, it is vitally important that, prior to parameter estimation and validation, careful attention is paid to data preprocessing in order to eliminate transients and trends.
Erratum: “Branch and Price for the Time-Dependent Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows”
Authors: Dabia Said , Ropke Stefan , van Woensel Tom
Published: August 2024

The aim of this erratum is to correct an error in the computer implementation of the algorithm proposed by Dabia, Ropke, and van Woensel [Dabia S, Ropke S, van Woensel T (2013) Branch and price for the time-dependent vehicle routing problem with time windows. Transportation Sci. 47(3):295–454]. Section 6, “Computational Results,” from the original paper is rewritten to reflect the corrected implementation, the new computational setup, and the updated results.
Predicting Rheological Properties of Wheat Dough from Flour Properties Using NIR Coupled with Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Suprabha Raj Anu , Badgujar Chetan M. , Lollato Romulo , Prasad P.V. Vara , Siliveru Kaliramesh
Published: August 2024

Highlights

A multi-layered perceptron type artificial neural network (ANN) was developed to predict the farinograph properties of wheat dough.

ANN models with two to four hidden layers were developed for each Farinograph response, i.e., water absorption, dough development time, and dough stability.

Permutation importance and Shapley values analysis emphasized the significance of protein content in model prediction.

The developed model would serve as a decision support tool for flour mill and bakery managers and would assist in adapting flour mill settings and modifying processing parameters in bakeries.

Abstract. Farinograph analysis serves as the standard for determining the baking quality of wheat flour. It measures the water absorption (WA), dough development time (DDT), and stability (DS) of wheat dough. These characteristics depend on wheat flour properties such as protein content, moisture, ash, and falling number. Additionally, farinograph analysis is costly, time-consuming, and requires skilled personnel. Therefore, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to predict the farinograph properties of wheat dough as a function of flour properties. The models were developed using data from 192 wheat samples. Multi-layer perceptron-type feed-forward ANN models with increasing complexity were developed for each response variable, i.e., ANN-WA, ANN-DDT, and ANN-DS, and model success was evaluated via mean squared error (MSE) and correlation coefficient (r). The optimal models had two to four hidden layers, each with five to sixty neurons, and exhibited the lowest MSE and highest r values. In terms of predictive performance, the models ANN-WA and ANN-DDT (r = 0.79) demonstrated superior performance when compared with ANN-DS (r = 0.63). A feature importance analysis was conducted to provide insight on variable contributions, underscoring the significance of flour protein content in the model’s prediction. The study explored the applicability of data-driven ANN models in predicting the rheological characteristics of dough. The developed models could serve as a decision support tool and aid millers in adjusting mill settings and bakers in modifying dough mixing based on dough rheology. Keywords: Artificial neural network, Dough rheology, Farinograph analysis, Milling, NIR.
Evaluation of beam convergence driven by spherical gradient refractive index lenses based on nonparaxial beam propagation
Authors: Anh Nguyen Thi Phuong , Hoang Le Phuong , Cuc Nguyen Thi Kim , Cao Xuan Binh
Published: August 2024

We utilize a theoretical method based on nonlinear beam propagation and finite difference eigenmode solver methods to precisely simulate Gaussian beam propagation in electrical fields through spherical gradient refractive index lenses. The theoretical computation uses second-order partial differentiation of propagation coordinates to generate microwave field propagation. Consequently, it offers accurate simulation results for any complex refractive index profile. The reliability of the proposed method is verified by comparing it with existing experimental and theoretical results. We employ the theoretical method to assess Gaussian beam convergence in terms of four key parameters: beam waist, maximum intensity, focal position, and Rayleigh range. The results indicate that gradient index spherical lenses have better convergence than convex thin lenses, as evidenced by a significant reduction in beam waist size. However, these lenses prompt an extremely short back focal length. Consequently, we propose a slight shift in the boundary and index distribution of spherical lenses to expand their back focal lengths.
Single-shot intensity diffraction tomography via polarization-multiplexed LED illumination
Authors: Zheng Chuanjian , Zhang Shaohui , Yang Delong , Chen Zixuan , Li Xiaoqiong , Hao Qun
Published: August 2024

We present a single-shot intensity diffraction tomography method via polarization-multiplexed LED illumination. Three LED elements covered with 0°, 45°, and 135° linear polarizers, respectively, are lit up simultaneously to illuminate the sample with illumination angles matching the numerical aperture of the objective. The scattering field of the sample is recorded on a single intensity image with a polarization sensor, and three intensity images corresponding to the three LED elements are decoupled from the intensity image by using a pre-calibrated intensity transform matrix. After a slice-wise deconvolution procedure, the 3D complex refractive index distribution of the sample can be recovered. To demonstrate the performance of our method, we perform experiments on a USAF absorption resolution target, rat hippocampal cell lines, and spongy spicule. These imaging results show that our method can achieve 3D tomography for various biomedical samples with a near incoherent diffraction-limited lateral resolution of 690 nm and an axial resolution of 4.68 μm.
High-power 940 nm DFB laser diode with large optical cavity
Authors: Zhao Fang , Wang Cuiluan , Liu Zhenwu , Xing Wang , Liu Suping , Zhu Lingni , Ma Xiaoyu
Published: August 2024

High-power laser diodes with a stable wavelength and narrow linewidth are crucial for many applications. In this study, we introduce a first-order distributed feedback (DFB) grating into an asymmetric large-cavity laser diode operating around 940 nm. This design maintains high output power and offers a wide temperature locking range. The nearly sinusoidal shape first-order grating is fabricated by ultraviolet (UV) nanoimprint lithography, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) dry etching, and wet polishing. At a heat sink temperature of 25°C, the DFB laser diode, with a 200 µm stripe width and 4 mm cavity length, achieves a maximum output power of 24.8 W and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.4 nm under continuous-wave (CW) conditions. The maximum slope efficiency is calculated to be 1.04 W/A. At an output power of 10.7 W, the device reaches a peak wall-plug efficiency of 56%. Under quasi-continuous operation at 20 A, the laser output spectrum remains locked to the DFB grating over a temperature range from −10°C to 110°C, with a temperature coefficient of 0.062 nm/°C.
Multi-physics metasurface with reduced characteristic scales simultaneously for microwave，infrared and acoustic compatibility
Authors: Sun Huiting , Hu Peizhou , Wang Jun , Zhao Jingbo , Zhu Ruichao , ding chang , Zhang Jie , Liu Zhao-Tang , chu zuntian , Cui Yina , wu fan , Qu Shaobo , Wang Jiafu
Published: August 2024

Devices supporting work in multi-physical environments present new challenges for material design. Due to the wavelength difference, waves from multi-field are difficult to be modulated simultaneously, limiting the multi-field functions integration. Inspired by characteristic scales analysis, in this work, a devisable metasurface with characteristic scale compatibility is proposed. Under the reduced characteristic scale, waves in microwave, infrared and acoustic field can be modulated simultaneously, which can realize the multi-physics functions compatibility. In the microwave field, the far field performance can be modulated through designing wave front phase distribution. In the infrared field, the infrared radiation characteristic can be spatially modulated through noninvasive insetting infrared devices in microwave layer. In the acoustic field, the sound wave entering the metasurface can realize high-efficiency loss under the action of the Helmholtz cavity. To verify the design method, a functional sample is simulated and experimented. Three typical functions are effectively verified, which can realize 10dB backward scattering reduction in 8-10GHz, digital infrared camouflage with infrared emissivity modulation from 0.4-0.8 in 3-14 μm. and sound absorptivity more than 90% in 160-410Hz, respectively. The comparable characteristic scale design method paves a new way for individually devisable metasurfaces in multi-physical fields integration.
Southern African Origin of HTLV-1 in Romania
Authors: Cassar Olivier , Marçais Ambroise , Hermine Olivier , Deruelle Emilie , Begliomini Giovanni , Bardas Alexandru , Bumbea Horia , Colita Andrei , Coriu Daniel , Popov Viola Maria , Tanase Alina , Afonso Philippe Vicente , Gessain Antoine
Published: August 2024

In Europe, most HTLV-1-infected individuals originate from highly endemic regions such as West Indies, sub-Saharan Africa, and South America. The only genuine endemic region for HTLV-1 in Europe is Romania where ATL series have been reported among Romanian patients. Our objective is to better understand the origin of this endemic focus based on a study of the genetic diversity of HTLV-1 in Romanians. DNA was obtained from PBMCs/buffy coats of 11 unrelated HTLV-1-infected individuals of Romanian origin. They include 9 ATL cases and 2 asymptomatic carriers. LTR sequences were obtained for all specimens. Complete genomic HTLV-1 sequences were obtained using four PCR series on 10 specimens. Phylogenetic trees were generated from multiple alignments using HTLV-1 prototypic sequences and the new generated sequences. Most of the complete LTR sequences (756-bp) showed low nucleotide diversity, ranging from 0% to 0.8% difference, and were closely related (less than 0.8% divergence) to the only previously characterized Romanian strain, RKI2. One strain, ROU7, diverged slightly (1.5% on average) from the others. Phylogenetic analyses both on partial LTR and the complete genome demonstrate that the 11 sequences belong to the HTLV-1a cosmopolitan genotype and 10 of them belong to the previously denominated a-TC Mozambique–Southern Africa A subgroup. In this study, we demonstrated that the HTLV-1 present in Romania most probably originated in Southern Africa. As most Romanian HTLV-1 strains are very closely related, we can assume that HTLV-1 has been introduced into the Romanian population recently. Further studies are ongoing to decipher the routes of arrival and dissemination of these HTLV-1 strains, and to date the emergence of this endemic focus in Central Europe.
Effects of combined cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 and programed death 1 ligand-receptor blockade on interferon-gamma production in bovine leukemia virus-infected cattle
Authors: Borovikov Sergey , Tursunov Kanat , Adish Zhansaya , Tokhtarova Laura , Mukantayev Kanatbek
Published: August 2024

Background and Aim: In chronic viral infections, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) significantly suppress immune responses. The CTLA-4 receptor abundance in regulatory T cells showed a positive association with viral load and a negative association with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production in bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-infected cattle. Blocking this receptor boosted IFN-γ production, recovering immune response against this illness. In human cancer patients, not everyone responded positively to non-immunotherapy using CTLA-4 receptor antibodies. The present study analyzed the synergistic effects of CTLA-4 and PD-L1 receptor blockade on IFN-γ production in BLV+ cattle in vitro.

Materials and Methods: The genes for bovine CTLA-4 and PD-L1 were artificially produced. The amino acid sequences of the extracellular receptor domains were sourced from the National Center for Biotechnology Information PubMed database. The western blotting and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) techniques were employed for the characterization of recombinant CTLA-4 (rCTLA-4) and recombinant PD-L1 (rPD-L1) proteins. The immunoinhibitory effects of recombinant proteins in Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB)-stimulated cattle peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were investigated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyze monoclonal antibodies against rCTLA-4 and rPD-L1. Antibodies generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy and BLV-seropositive cows were employed to evaluate their blocking capabilities.

Results: The resulting recombinant proteins specifically reacted with commercial homogeneous monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) using ELISA and anti-His-tag mAbs using western blotting. Analysis of the proteins using LC-MS/MS revealed correspondence with the sequences of rCTLA-4 and rPD-L1 located in the Mascot database. rCTLA-4 and rPD-L1 proteins inhibited IFN-γ production in bovine PBMCs of activated SEB. When PBMCs from cows were cultured with activated SEB containing rCTLA-4 and rPD-L1, the mAbs increased IFN-γ production in PBMCs. The combined cultivation of mAbs and PBMCs from BLV+ cattle enhanced IFN-γ production in the cells.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that the combined blockade of bovine CTLA-4 and PD-L1 receptors can be used as a therapy for bovine leukemia. However, it was shown that a single PBMC sample from a BLV-positive donor did not amplify the synergistic effect. Therefore, it is necessary to perform further studies on a larger population and assessing a wider range of cytokines.

Keywords: bovine, bovine leukemia virus, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, interferon-gamma, programmed death ligand 1.
Evidence of obesity-induced inflammatory changes in client-owned cats
Authors: Araujo Steffi L. , Martins Patricia L. , de Souza Pereira Thyago H. , Sampaio Tiago L. , de Menezes Ramon R. Paula Pessoa Bezerra , da Costa Mac D. Rodrigues , Martins Alice M. Costa , da Silva Isaac Neto Goes , de Morais Glayciane Bezerra , Evangelista Janaina Serra Azul Monteiro
Published: August 2024

Background and Aim: Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus are common health issues in obese (OB) cats. In humans, obesity leads to alterations in adipokine and proinflammatory cytokine secretion, causing persistent inflammation. The inflammatory impact of obesity in cats remains unproven. This study investigated associations between obesity and inflammatory and metabolic changes in three groups of client-owned Brazilian domestic shorthair cats: naturally lean, overweight (OW), and OB.

Materials and Methods: Cats from the Veterinary Hospital of Professor Sylvio Barbosa e Cardoso (FAVET/UECE) were clinically evaluated. Blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical profile measurements, and part of the serum was used for measuring adipokine and inflammatory cytokines using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results: In both the OW and OB groups, serum cholesterol and insulin concentrations increased, while triglyceride concentrations were notably elevated in the OB group. In the OW and OB groups, serum adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β levels were elevated, and leptin levels were significantly higher in the OB group.

Conclusion: This study is the first in Brazil to reveal increased serum levels of inflammatory markers in OW and OB client-owned felines. OW cats exhibited higher proinflammatory marker levels, implying obesity-induced inflammation.

Keywords: adipokines, cytokines, feline, obese.
A novel study on the quality of life index in canine chronic kidney disease treated with incremental intermittent hemodialysis
Authors: Singh Akashpreet , Singh Randhir , Gupta Dhiraj Kumar , Singh Raj Sukhbir
Published: August 2024

Background and Aim: In veterinary medicine, health-related quality-of-life index (QOLi) measurements are becoming increasingly important because they are a multifaceted concept that represents not only patients’ physical well-being but also clients’ emotional health. This study assessed QOLi in dogs receiving incremental intermittent hemodialysis (i-IHD) with high- and low-flux dialyzers.

Materials and Methods: Thirty dogs diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) Stage IV were randomly divided into two groups of 15 dogs each. A high-flux dialyzer was used in Group I, whereas a low-flux dialyzer was used in Group II. i-IHD was performed on days 0, 2, 4, 19, and 34, whereas QOLi evaluation was performed on days 0, 15, 30, and 45.

Results: Both groups exhibited considerable decreases in post-dialysis creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and phosphorus levels, while Group I experienced notable reductions in post-dialysis triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Dialysis adequacy did not show any significant difference between the clearance rates of high- and low-flux dialyzers. The QOLi assessment showed better post-dialysis scores in all categories except for water balance in Group I, while Group II demonstrated a worsening trend in scores for mental status, appetite, mobility, general health, and pain.

Conclusion: In the first three sessions of i-IHD, dogs with CKD should be treated every other day, and the schedule can be extended by 15 days after that. A high-flux membrane, which effectively decreases triglyceride and cholesterol levels more than a low-flux membrane, warrants consideration for dogs with cardiovascular complications undergoing dialysis. The dialysis-related QOLi aids in clinical decision-making and encourages client engagement.

Keywords: chronic kidney disease, dialysis adequacy, incremental intermittent hemodialysis, quality of life index.
Seroprevalence of bovine leukemia virus and association with bovine infectious abortion in Creole breeds from tropical grazing herds in the Colombian Caribbean
Authors: Oviedo-Pastrana Misael , Doria-Ramos Matiluz , Mattar Salim , Oviedo-Socarras Teresa , Vallejo-Timarán Darío
Published: August 2024

Background and Aim: In the Caribbean region of Colombia, the concomitance of endemic infectious agents is a common problem, and coinfections are possible, increasing the complexity of cattle herds’ sanitary, reproductive, and productive problems. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of bovine leukemia virus and its association with bovine infectious abortion in grazing Creole breeds from tropical herds in the Colombian Caribbean.

Materials and Methods: For the determination of bovine leukemia virus (BLV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine herpes virus-1 (BoHV-1), and Neospora Caninum (NC), the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique was used. Matrix analysis was performed to represent multiple seroprevalence in the same cow. To explore the association between the seroprevalence of BLV and bovine infectious abortion agents, a multivariate logistic regression model was used.

Results: The seroprevalence was as follows: BLV 30.78%, BVDV 33.01%, BoHV-1 12.85%, and NC 8.96%. In the multivariate logistic regression model, seroprevalence of BVDV (OR 10.8; 95% CI: 7.5–15.6) and seroprevalence of BoHV-1 (OR 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1–3.0) were associated with the seroprevalence of BLV.

Conclusion: Animals infected with BLV are more susceptible to coinfections with BVDV and BoHV-1. Implementing healthy measures against these two immunosuppressive infections could enhance the hygiene of numerous cattle herds. This study was designed as a retrospective cross-sectional study, which limits the ability to confirm that BLV is the primary infection. Further studies to confirm the primary infection of BLV with an active viral coinfection are necessary and the factors associated with these phenomena.

Keywords: bovine leukemia virus, co-infection, Creole breeds, infectious abortion.
Comparative effects of dietary zinc nanoparticle and conventional zinc supplementation on broiler chickens: A meta-analysis
Authors: Hidayat Cecep , Sadarman Sadarman , Adli Danung Nur , Rusli Ridho Kurniawan , Bakrie Bachtar , Ginting Simon Petrus , Asmarasari Santiananda Arta , Darmawan Arif , Zainal Hasnelly , Fanindi Achmad , Rusdiana Supardi , Herdiawan Iwan , Sutedi Endang , Yanza Yulianri Rizki , Jayanegara Anuraga
Published: August 2024

Background and Aim: Zinc (Zn) is important for various physiological processes in broiler chickens, including protein and carbohydrate metabolism, growth, and reproduction. The gastrointestinal absorption of Zn in broiler chickens was notably low. One approach that has been explored for enhancing the bioavailability of Zn is the development of Zn nanoparticles (NPs). Zn is required for various physiological processes in broiler chickens, including protein and carbohydrate metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impact of conventional Zn and Zn NPs on broiler chickens using a meta-analysis methodology.

Materials and Methods: A database was built from published literature to evaluate the effects of the addition of Zn NPs and conventional Zn on broiler chicken responses, including the following parameters: production performance; carcass cuts; visceral organ weight; lymphoid organ weight; nutrient digestibility; intestinal villi; mineral Zn, calcium, and phosphorus concentrations; hematology; blood parameters; immunoglobulin; and intestinal bacterial population. Various scientific platforms, including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar, were used to search for peer-reviewed articles. A database was created from 25 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The data were then processed for a meta-analysis using a mixed-model methodology. Different types of Zn (NPs versus conventional) were considered fixed effects, different studies were treated as random effects, and p-values were used as model statistics.

Results: Across the parameters observed in this study, the use of Zn NPs was more efficient in Zn utilization than conventional Zn, as evidenced by the average dose of Zn NPs being much lower than that of conventional Zn (79.44 vs. 242.76 mg/kg) yet providing similar (p > 0.05) or even significantly better effects (p < 0.05) compared to conventional Zn usage.

Conclusion: This investigation revealed the beneficial influence of Zn NPs in broiler chickens compared to the conventional utilization of Zn through an all-encompassing meta-analysis. Moreover, Zn NPs have proven to be more effective in Zn utilization when juxtaposed with conventional Zn, as demonstrated by the significantly lower quantity of Zn NPs administered compared to conventional Zn, while yielding comparable or even superior outcomes compared to the traditional utilization of Zn. A limitation of this study is that the Zn NPs used were sourced from inorganic Zn NPs. Therefore, future research should focus on evaluating the efficiency of organic Zn NPs in broiler chicken feed.

Keywords: broiler chicken, conventional zinc, performance, welfare indices, zinc nanoparticles.