bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entre o ocaso do império e a afirmação da República no Brasil: mudança institucional gradual e transformativa
Authors: Vieira Diego Mota , Câmara Leonor Moreira , Gomes Ricardo Corrêa
Published: June 2014

Este ensaio descreve o processo de consolidação da República no Brasil, demonstrando que o caso ilustra a mudança transformativa das instituições políticas por meio da ação de grupos de interesse. Pretende-se contribuir para preencher duas importantes lacunas teóricas. Por um lado, a escassez de teorização sobre a administração pública brasileira com enfoque histórico e não instrumental. Por outro lado, o atual debate no Novo Institucionalismo acerca dos processos de mudança institucional. Assim, o trabalho apresenta como principais resultados a identificação e classificação das estratégias das elites republicanas que rotinizaram a administração pública brasileira, ao mesmo tempo que consolidaram o novo regime político.
As parcerias público-privadas para o desenvolvimento de infraestrutura rodoviária: experiência recente em Portugal
Authors: Araújo Joaquim Filipe Ferraz Esteves , Silvestre Hugo Consciência
Published: June 2014

As parcerias público-privadas (PPPs) tornaram-se, nas últimas décadas, uma moda em todo o mundo. Tendo em mente o pressuposto teórico das PPPs, analisa-se a relação entre a utilização destas e os resultados obtidos no setor da construção e gestão de rodovias em Portugal. Por meio de revisão teórica da literatura e da análise dos dados existentes, propõe-se discutir os aspetos positivos e negativos dessa experiência. Os resultados apontam acordos de construção e gestão das rodovias que, na prática, não resultaram em uma mais-valia para o Estado, porque contrariam as boas práticas na utilização dos recursos públicos.
Physical activity, psychosocial and perceived environmental factors in adolescents from Northeast Brazil
Authors: Farias Júnior José Cazuza de , Reis Rodrigo Siqueira , Hallal Pedro Curi
Published: June 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between levels of physical activity, psychosocial and perceived environmental factors in adolescents from Northeastern Brazil. A cross-sectional epidemiologic study was conducted with 2,859 adolescents enrolled in secondary schools (57.8% females; mean = 16.5 years; SD = 1.2) in the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba State, Brazil. The following physical activity correlates were measured: attitude, self-efficacy, social support from friends and parents, and perceived environmental characteristics. Physical activity was measured using a questionnaire. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression with proportional odds model analysis showed that the following factors are positively related to physical activity levels in adolescents: attitude, self-efficacy, as well as social support from parents and friends. Physical activity intervention programs should increase self-efficacy and social support from parents and friends, as well as a positive attitude toward physical activity.Este estudo analisou a associação do nível de atividade física com fatores psicossociais e ambientais em adolescentes do Nordeste do Brasil. Estudo epidemiológico transversal desenvolvido com 2.859 adolescentes (57,8% do sexo feminino, média de idade: 16,5 anos; DP = 1,2) no Município de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. Os seguintes fatores associados à atividade física foram mensurados: atitude, autoeficácia, apoio social dos pais e amigos e características do ambiente percebido. O nível de atividade física foi mensurado por questionário. Os resultados da análise multivariável por regressão logística ordinal, com modelo de odds proporcionais, identificaram os seguintes fatores positivamente associados ao nível de atividade física dos adolescentes: atitude, percepção de autoeficácia, apoio social dos pais e amigos. Programas de promoção da atividade física devem desenvolver ações para aumentar a autoeficácia dos adolescentes e o apoio social fornecido pelos pais e amigos, bem como desenvolver e reforçar atitudes positivas em relação à atividade física.
Insegurança alimentar em domicílios brasileiros com crianças menores de cinco anos
Authors: Poblacion Ana Paula , Marín-León Leticia , Segall-Corrêa Ana Maria , Silveira Jonas Augusto , Taddei José Augusto de Aguiar Carrazedo
Published: June 2014

Este artigo se propõe a estudar o processo de insegurança alimentar e fome em domicílios brasileiros com crianças menores de cinco anos. É um estudo transversal com representatividade nacional executado com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde da Criança e da Mulher (PNDS-2006) tendo como variável dependente a insegurança alimentar moderada e grave (IAM+G), medida através da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar (EBIA). Foram geradas estimativas de prevalência e razão de prevalência com intervalos de 95% de confiança. Os resultados apontam para alta prevalência de IAM+G concentrada nas regiões Norte e Nordeste (30,7%), nas classes econômicas D e E (34%) e em beneficiários de Programas de Transferência de Renda (PTR; 36,5%). O modelo de análise multivariada constatou que os riscos sociais (beneficiário de PTR), regionais (Norte e Nordeste) e econômicos (classes D e E) eram de 1,8, 2,0 e 2,4, respectivamente. Agregando-se os três riscos observou-se que 48% dos domicílios encontravam-se em IAM+G, ou seja, crianças e adultos passaram fome nos três meses anteriores ao inquérito.
Prevalência do papilomavírus humano (HPV) em Belém, Pará, Brasil, na cavidade oral de indivíduos sem lesões clinicamente diagnosticáveis
Authors: Araújo Marizeli Viana de Aragão , Pinheiro Helder Henrique Costa , Pinheiro João de Jesus Viana , Quaresma Juarez Antônio Simões , Fuzii Hellen Thais , Medeiros Rita Catarina
Published: June 2014

Trata-se de um estudo transversal com o objetivo de verificar a prevalência do HPV na cavidade oral de indivíduos sem lesões clinicamente diagnosticáveis e quais são os tipos encontrados neles. Foram analisadas 166 amostras em pacientes maiores de 18 anos de idade, residentes no Estado do Pará, Brasil. As amostras foram coletadas por meio de raspado com escova estéril na cavidade oral. Para a detecção da presença do HPV, foi utilizada a técnica da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). As amostras infectadas pelo HPV foram tipadas para HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 52 e 58. Os resultados encontrados indicaram a presença de HPV em 40 amostras (24,1%). Três amostras (7,5%) foram positivas para HPV 6; cinco (12,5%), para HPV 18; e uma (2,5%), para HPV 58.
Sobrevida de cinco anos e fatores associados ao câncer de boca para pacientes em tratamento oncológico ambulatorial pelo Sistema Único de Saúde, Brasil
Authors: Bonfante Gisele Macedo da Silva , Machado Carla Jorge , Souza Paulo Eduardo Alencar de , Andrade Eli Iola Gurgel , Acurcio Francisco de Assis , Cherchiglia Mariângela Leal
Published: June 2014

O objetivo foi analisar a sobrevida específica de cinco anos e fatores associados para câncer de boca no Brasil. Trata-se de coorte retrospectiva, cuja fonte de dados foi a Base Onco, que realizou o relacionamento probabilístico-determinístico de todos os registros de autorização para radioterapia e/ou quimioterapia pelo Sistema Único de Saúde, entre 2000 e 2006, gerando-se cadastro único para cada paciente. O presente estudo incluiu os pacientes diagnosticados entre 2002 e 2003 com câncer de boca, exceto lábio, e idade entre 19 e 100 anos (N = 6.180). A taxa de sobrevida específica em cinco anos foi de 60%. Foram associados à menor sobrevida específica: ter idade > 40 anos; apresentar estádio III ou IV; localização em língua, assoalho de boca e base de língua; não realizar tratamento cirúrgico, realizar somente quimioterapia ou radioterapia e quimioterapia e residir em determinados estados do Brasil. Os resultados reforçam a necessidade de incluir a avaliação das disparidades dos territórios de planejamento como possibilidade para incrementar as ações de saúde e melhorar os indicadores de sobrevida.
Governamentalidade neoliberal e o desafio de uma ética/estética pós-identitária LGBT na educação
Authors: Sierra Jamil Cabral , César Maria Rita de Assis
Published: June 2014

Este trabalho combina duas pesquisas teóricas e pretende estudar a relação que vem se estabelecendo, na atualidade, entre a ideia de diversidade sexual (e seus desdobramentos no campo da política, dos movimentos sociais e da educação) e os dispositivos anátomo-bio-políticos que configuram os atuais mecanismos de governamentalidade, os quais visam capturar as diferenças sexuais, alçando-as ao campo da normalização e da heteronormatividade. A partir desse pressuposto, o texto organiza-se em dois momentos: o primeiro deles visa mostrar como os sujeitos LGBT (Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis, Transexuais e Transgêneros) vêm sendo produzidos tomando-se como referência a "viabilidade-moral-econômica" de seus corpos e de suas práticas sexuais e afetivo-amorosas. Com esse argumento pretendemos pensar como, na contemporaneidade, as formas de governamento dos sujeitos da diversidade sexual têm se dado a partir de uma relação de parceria entre os movimentos sociais e o Estado. No segundo momento, valemo-nos da noção de ética/estética da existência em Foucault, para mostrar as tensões presentes nesse empreendimento biopolítico que promove uma espécie de captura da diferença sexual, deixando, assim, pouco espaço para a constituição de outros modos de vida. Nosso objetivo é o de promover deslocamentos em relação à lógica identitária, a partir do questionamento da teorização político-educacional LGBT. Trata-se de desvincular tal produção teórica do modelo identitário que sustenta a atual noção de diversidade sexual, em favor de um pensamento que nos permita vislumbrar outros modos de vida homossexuais.
Qualidade do sono e tolerância ao esforço em portadores de apneia obstrutiva do sono
Authors: Nascimento Aliny Priscilla do , Passos Vívian Maria Moraes , Pedrosa Rodrigo Pinto , Brasileiro-Santos Maria do Socorro , Barros Isly Maria Lucena de , Costa Laura Olinda Bregieiro Fernandes , Santos Amilton da Cruz , Lima Anna Myrna Jaguaribe de
Published: June 2014

INTRODUÇÃO: O sono é um estado natural e recorrente, no qual acontecem processos neurobiológicos importantes. A má qualidade do sono está diretamente associada com piores indicadores de saúde. A qualidade do sono pode ser medida objetiva e subjetivamente por métodos como a polissonografia, que é o padrão de referência, ou por meio de testes e questionários, como o índice de qualidade de sono de Pittsburgh (IQSP).OBJETIVO: Correlacionar a qualidade do sono com a tolerância ao esforço em pacientes portadores da síndrome da apneia/hipopneia obstrutiva do sono (SAHOS).MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 63 indivíduos (57 mulheres e seis homens), média de idade de 51,7 ± 6,6 anos; índice de massa corpórea (IMC) média de 28,2 ± 5,0 kg/m2); índice de apneia/hipopneia (IAH) médio de 7,3 ± 10,50 eventos/hora, verificado através da polissonografia. Para a avaliação da qualidade do sono, os participantes responderam ao IQSP, e para a avaliação da tolerância ao esforço, realizaram o teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6M).RESULTADOS: Não houve correlação entre o IQSP e o TC6M (Rs= -0,103620, p = 0,419), assim como entre o IAH e o TC6M (Rs= -0, 000984, p = 0,9939). Podemos sugerir que a qualidade do sono e a gravidade da SAHOS não afetam a tolerância ao esforço dos indivíduos com SAHOS.CONCLUSÃO: Estudos com uma amostra maior, levando-se em consideração a estratificação pela gravidade da SAHOS e utilizando métodos mais acurados de avaliação da capacidade funcional, devem ser realizados, a fim de que resultados mais abrangentes possam ser obtidos.
Ação do licopeno nos músculos esquelético e cardíaco sob estresse oxidativo por exercícios
Authors: Simões Karina , Magosso Rodrigo Ferro , Lagoeiro Cristiani Gomes , Castellan Vanessa Teixeira , Silva Natália Santanielo , Scrivante Bruno Ferraresi , Qualhato Gabriel , Figueiredo Augusto César Ribeiro , Benetti Edson José , Rebelo Ana Cristina Silva
Published: June 2014

INTRODUÇÃO: Os radicais livres produzidos durante os exercícios podem exceder o sistema de defesa antioxidante, provocando danos oxidativos de biomoléculas específicas. As lesões causadas pelos radicais livres nas células podem ser prevenidas ou reduzidas por meio da atividade de antioxidantes naturais, sendo estes encontrados em muitos alimentos. O licopeno é um dos mais potentes carotenoides com ação antioxidante, sendo utilizado na prevenção da carcinogênese e aterogênese por proteger moléculas como lipídios, lipoproteínas de baixa densidade (LDL), proteínas e DNA.OBJETIVO: Investigar a atuação do licopeno a uma possível ação protetora das fibras musculares cardíacas e esqueléticas contra o estresse oxidativo, durante a atividade física exaustiva, a qual provocaria alterações morfológicas nesses tecidos. Método: Na realização dos experimentos foram utilizados 32 ratos machos adultos divididos em quatro grupos, sendo dois grupos controles e dois grupos treinados sem e com suplementação de licopeno (6 mg por animal). Os animais dos grupos treinados foram submetidos a 42 sessões de natação por nove semanas, com sessões diárias de natação, cinco dias por semana, com sobrecarga produzida pelo aumento do tempo de treinamento. A avaliação morfológica foi realizada por meio de lâminas histológicas dos tecidos cardíaco e muscular esquelético.RESULTADOS: Modificações teciduais cardíacas e musculares esqueléticas no grupo treinado sem suplementação com licopeno foram observadas, sendo que o grupo treinado suplementado apresentou aspecto morfológico normal. Nos grupos sedentários controle suplementado e não suplementado não houve alteração em relação às características histológicas dos tecidos.CONCLUSÃO: Podemos afirmar que o licopeno exerceu um efeito protetor nos músculos cardíaco e esquelético contra o estresse oxidativo, induzido por exercícios exaustivos, além de promover uma neovascularização do tecido cardíaco, podendo ser utilizado com eficiência por atletas e praticantes de atividade física.
Efeito do exercício físico sobre a leptinemia e percentual de gordura de adultos
Authors: Vargas Liziane da Silva de , Santos Daniela Lopes dos
Published: June 2014

INTRODUÇÃO/OBJETIVO: O presente estudo se propôs a verificar a influência do exercício físico aeróbio associado aos exercícios de resistência sobre os níveis séricos de leptina e percentual de gordura corporal de adultos com sobrepeso ou obesidade.MÉTODOS: O grupo de estudos foi composto por 15 pessoas, cinco homens e 10 mulheres, com média de idade de 52 anos, com sobrepeso ou obesidade de acordo com critérios da Organização Mundial de Saúde. O programa de exercícios físicos foi realizado três vezes na semana, durante 14 semanas. Era constituído de alongamento, 30 minutos de exercício aeróbio de intensidade moderada e exercícios de resistência muscular localizada. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e teste "t" de Student, adotando-se um nível de significância de 5%.RESULTADOS: Os resultados demonstraram redução no peso corpóreo, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e leptinemia em resposta às atividades físicas, porém somente a redução na leptinemia foi significativa (p<0,05).CONCLUSÃO: O protocolo de exercícios adotado foi eficaz na redução dos níveis séricos de leptina em adultos com sobrepeso ou obesidade. Acredita-se que um maior tempo de intervenção com exercícios físicos traga melhores resultados sobre a composição corporal e normalização da leptinemia sérica.
Efeito do exercício prévio no ciclismo de curta duração
Authors: Caritá Renato Aparecido Corrêa , Caputo Fabrizio , Greco Camila Coelho , Denadai Benedito Sérgio
Published: June 2014

INTRODUÇÃO: O exercício prévio tem importantes implicações na preparação de atletas antes de competições.OBJETIVO: Analisar o efeito de um exercício prévio realizado no domínio pesado no pico de torque (PTORQUE) medido após exercício severo.MÉTODOS: Participaram deste estudo 14 homens ativos (idade: 26 ± 4 anos, VO2max: 44 ± 6 mLO2.min-1.kg-1) que realizaram sete testes em dias diferentes: a) teste progressivo de rampa para determinação do VO2max e da potência pico; b) quatro testes de carga constante para determinação da potência crítica, capacidade de trabalho anaeróbio e potência correspondente ao tempo de exaustão de 3 min (PTLim3min) e; c) dois testes de carga constante de 2 min na PTLim3min seguidos por um sprint all outde 10 s, a fim de medir o PTORQUE. Este último protocolo foi realizado com (EP) e sem (CON) a realização de um exercício prévio pesado.RESULTADOS: O PTORQUE foi significantemente maior após o EP (101 ± 30 Nm) em relação à condição CON (95 ± 23 Nm). O tempo da resposta médio (TRM) do VO2foi significantemente menor após o EP (24 ± 7 s) em relação à condição CON (32 ± 10 s). A amplitude primária do VO2aumentou significantemente após o EP (2598 ± 421 mLO2.min-1) em relação à condição CON (2184 ± 246 mLO2.min-1). O déficit de O2 foi significantemente menor após o exercício prévio (980 ± 432 mLO2) em relação à condição CON (1273 ± 398 mLO2). Houve correlação significante entre a variação do déficit de O2 com a do PTORQUE (r = 0,53) e da variação do TRM com a do PTORQUE (r = 0,53).CONCLUSÃO: Pode-se concluir que o PTORQUE é maior após exercício aeróbio de curta duração precedido do EP. Deste modo, esta estratégia pode ser interessante como preparação para algumas competições esportivas.
Breastfeeding exclusively and iron deficiency anemia during the first 6 months of age
Authors: Marques Rosa F.S.V. , Taddei José A.A.C. , Lopez Fábio A. , Braga Josefina A.P.
Published: June 2014

Objective The objective was to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia among exclusively breastfed infants from one to six months of life and to identify associated risk factors. Methods This is a cohort study of the hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels of 102 healthy full-term infants, weighing more than 2500 grams (5.5 pounds) at birth, evaluated for growth development and supported to promote exclusive breastfeeding. Hemoglobin and ferritin levels were measured in the first, fourth, and sixth months of life. The hemoglobin and ferritin levels of the mothers were also measured in the first month postpartum. Results At four months, 5.7% presented iron deficiency and 3.4% had iron deficiency anemia. At six months, the percentage of children with iron deficiency increased more than four times, reaching 26.1%, while iron deficiency anemia was present in 23.9% of the infants studied. Iron deficiency at six months of age was significantly correlated to growth velocity. Conclusion According to the results of this study, exclusive breastfeeding protects infants from iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia for the first four months of life. After this age, in accordance with the literature, the findings of this study demonstrated an increase in anemia and iron deficiency rates, adding to evidence that supports the monitoring of iron levels in exclusively breastfed children presenting higher weight gains beginning at four months of age.
Correlation between body mass index and overactive bladder symptoms in pre-menopausal women
Authors: Palma Thais , Marina Raimondi , Sophia Souto , Celina Fozzatti , Paulo Palma , Cassio Riccetto
Published: June 2014

Objective: The aim of the study was to establish a correlation between Overactive Bladder (OAB) symptoms and Body Mass Index (BMI) in women aged 20-45. Methods: We interviewed 1.050 women aged 20-45 in the area of Campinas, Brazil, to investigate the prevalence of overactive bladder symptoms. In this study, we used the ICIQ-OAB questionnaire (ICS standard), in its validated portuguese version and a specific questionnaire for the demographics, which includes information about BMI. Results: Overall, women with BMI ≥30 presented a significantly higher score than women with a lower BMI (18.5 - 24.9) (p=0.0066). In the analysis of individual symptoms, no significant differences were found regarding urinary frequency (p=0.5469). Women with BMI ≥30 presented more nocturia than women with BMI ranging between 18.5 and 24.9 (p=0.0154). Women in the group of BMI 25 - 29.9 presented more urgency than women with BMI 18.5 - 24.9 (p=0.0278). Significant difference was also found regarding urge-incontinence; women with BMI 25 - 29.9 presented a higher score than women in the group 18.5 - 24.9 (p= 0.0017). Analysis was also performed on the visual analogue scale regarding how much each symptom bothers the women (quality of life). There were no significant differences regarding frequency, nocturia or urgency but urgency incontinence bother was significant. Women with BMI 25 - 29.9 were more bothered by incontinence than women with BMI 18.5 - 24.9 (p=0.002). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study reinforces the correlation between BMI and OAB symptoms. Obese women present more OAB symptoms than non-obese women.
Should fetal growth be a matter of concern in isolated single umbilical artery?
Authors: Caldas Lorena Mesquita , Liao Adolfo , Carvalho Mário Henrique , Francisco Rossana Pulcineli Vieira , Zugaib Marcelo
Published: June 2014

Objective: To examine birth weight in pregnancies with isolated single umbilical artery (ISUA). Methods: Case control study with retrospective review of 131 singleton pregnancies with isolated single umbilical artery diagnosed before birth. Control group consisted of 730 singleton pregnancies recruited prospectively, that had histological confirmation of a 3 vessels cord. Pregnancies were classified as uncomplicated or high-risk according to the presence of diseases that increase the risk of placental insufficiency during pregnancy. Mean birth weight and frequency of low birth weight (< 2.500 g), very low birth weight (< 1.500 g) and fetal growth restriction below the 5th and 10th centiles were compared between groups. Results: Mean birth weight difference between ISUA (n=131, 2840±701g) and control (n=730, 2.983 ± 671g) pregnancies was 143g (95% CI= 17-269; p=0.04) and birth weight below the 5thcentile was significantly more common in ISUA group [28/131 (21.4%) versus 99/730 (13.6%), p=0.02]. When only uncomplicated pregnancies were considered in both groups, no birth weight differences were observed. Amongst high-risk subgroups, birth weight below the 5th centile remained significantly more common in ISUA compared to control pregnancies [10/35 (28.6%) versus 53/377 (14.1%), p=0.04]. Conclusion: Isolated single umbilical artery does not increase the risk of fetal growth restriction in uncomplicated singleton pregnancies.
Antiphospholipid syndrome: a clinical and laboratorial challenge
Authors: Dusse Luci Maria Santana , Silva Fernanda Dias e , Freitas Letícia Gonçalves , Rios Danyelle Romana Alves , Armond Sandra Cristina , Marcolino Milena Soriano
Published: June 2014

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an acquired autoimmune thrombophilia characterized by the presence of a heterogeneous family of antibodies that bind to plasma proteins with affinity for phospholipid surfaces. The two major protein targets of antiphospholipid antibodies are prothrombin and β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI). APS leads to aprothrombotic state, and it is characterized by the occurrence of arterial, venous or microvascular thrombosis or recurrent fetal loss. The diagnosis of APS is based on a set of clinical criteria and the detection of lupus anticoagulant (LA), anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) or anti-β2GPI in plasma. Although laboratory tests are essential for APS diagnosis, these tests have limitations associated with the robustness, reproducibility and standardization. The standardization of diagnostic tests for detection of APLAs has been a challenge and a variety of results have been obtained using different commercial kits and in-house techniques. An increased sensitivity of the ELISA kits for detection of ACA effectively has contributed to APS diagnosis. However, the lack of specificity associated with a high number of false-positive results is a clinical and laboratorial challenge, since such results may lead to mistaken clinical decisions, such as prescription of oral anticoagulant, leading to the risk of hemorrhaging. Furthermore, clinicians are often unfamiliar with these tests and have difficulty interpreting them, requiring interaction between clinical and laboratory professionals in order to ensure their correct interpretation.
Patterns of non-medical use of methylphenidate among 5th and 6th year students in a medical school in southern Brazil
Authors: Silveira Rodrigo da Rosa , Lejderman Betina , Ferreira Pedro Eugênio Mazzucchi Santana , Rocha Gibsi Maria Possapp da
Published: June 2014

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of methylphenidate (MPH) use among 5th and 6th year medical students, to discriminate MPH use with and without medical indication, and to correlate MPH use with alcohol intake. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in which medical students were invited to answer a questionnaire to evaluate academic and socioeconomic status, MPH use patterns, and attitudes towards neuroenhancing drugs. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to assess alcohol intake; a score ≥ 8 suggests potentially hazardous alcohol use. Results: Fifty-two participants (34.2%) had already used MPH, of which 35 (23.02%) had used it without medical indication. The number of 6th year students who had used MPH was more than twice higher than that of their 5th year counterparts (32.89 vs. 13.15%, respectively; p = 0.004). Also, 43.6% (p = 0.031) of the users of MPH had an AUDIT score ≥ 8; 33.3% (p = 0.029) of non-medical users of MPH had an AUDIT score ≥ 8. Conclusions: In this study, the use of MPH without medical indication was prevalent. Our findings also confirmed the association between non-medical use of MPH and potentially hazardous alcohol use.
Pressure Ulcers In Palliative home Care Patients: Prevalence And Characteristics
Authors: Queiroz Ana Carolina de Castro Mendonça , Mota Dálete Delalibera Corrêa de Faria , Bachion Maria Marcia , Ferreira Ana Cássia Mendes
Published: June 2014

Persons in palliative care develop pressure ulcers (PU) as death approaches, but the extent of the problem is still unknown. The objectives were to identify the prevalence of pressure ulcers in people with cancer in palliative home care, compare the socio-demographic and clinical profile of patients with and without pressure ulcers, and analyze the characteristics of the ulcers. This descriptive, cross-sectional study included 64 people with advanced cancer in palliative home care. Twelve of them (18.8%) had PU, of whom 75.0% were men. The participants had one to three PU, amounting to 19 lesions, 89.4% of those developed at home and 47.4% at stage 3. The presence of PU was higher among those who had a history of previous wound. PU consisted of a significant event occurring in the studied population, indicating that preventive measures should be included in the home palliative care health team.
Nephrotoxicity Of Polymyxin B: Experimental Study In Cells And Implications For Nursing Practice
Authors: Neiva Luciana Barros de Moura , Borges Fernanda Teixeira , Watanabe Mirian , Pessoa Edson de Andrade , Barbosa Dulce Aparecida , Vattimo Maria de Fatima Fernandes
Published: June 2014

The aim of the study was to characterize the cell damage mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of cytotoxicity of polymyxin B in proximal tubular cells (LLC - PK1) and discuss about the nurses interventions to identify at risk patients and consider prevention or treatment of nephrotoxicity acute kidney injury. This is a quantitative experimental in vitro study, in which the cells were exposed to 375μM polymyxin B sulfate concentration. Cell viability was determined by exclusion of fluorescent dyes and morphological method with visualization of apoptotic bodies for fluorescence microscopy. Cells exposed to polymyxin B showed reduced viability, increased number of apoptotic cells and a higher concentration of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. The administration of polymyxin B in vitro showed the need for actions to minimize adverse effects such as nephrotoxicity.
Communication Strategies Of The Nursing Team In The Aphasia After Cerebrovascular Accident
Authors: Souza Regina Cláudia Silva , Arcuri Edna Apparecida Moura
Published: June 2014

This is an exploratory, cross-sectional study of quantitative design that aimed to identify the communication strategies used and reported by the nursing staff in the care of aphasic patients after a stroke. The techniques used were the participant observation and interviews with 27 subjects of the nursing staff of neurological units in a general hospital. The most frequently mentioned strategies were gestures (100%), verbal communication (33.3%), written communication (29.6%) and the touch (18.5 %). Among the observed strategies, the gestures reached 40.7% and the touch was present in all situations, given its instrumental character essential to care. The findings show lack of knowledge of nonverbal, proxemics , kinesics and tacesics communication. No significant differences were observed among the professional categories depending on the length of experience with respect to the strategies reported by members of the nursing staff in the care for aphasic patients.
The organizational culture of a Brazilian public hospital
Authors: Rocha Fernanda Ludmilla Rossi , Marziale Maria Helena Palucci , Carvalho Michele Cristina de , Cardeal Id Samira de Fátima , Campos Monica Chiodi Toscano de
Published: June 2014

The objective of this research was to analyze the organizational culture of a Brazilian public hospital. It is a descriptive study with quantitative approach of data, developed in a public hospital of São Paulo State, Brazil. The sample was composed by 52 nurses and 146 nursing technicians and auxiliaries. Data were collected from January to June 2011 using the Brazilian Instrument for Assessing Organizational Culture – IBACO. The analysis of the organizational values showed the existence of hierarchical rigidity and centralization of power within the institution, as well as individualism and competition, which hinders teamwork. The values concerning workers’ well-being, satisfaction and motivation were not highly valued. In regard to organizational practices, the promotion of interpersonal relationship, continuous education, and rewarding practices were not valued either. It becomes apparent that traditional models of work organization support work practices and determine the organizational culture of the hospital.
Improvement courses about violence prevention: the impact on health sector professionals
Authors: Pereira Stephanie , Vianna Lucila Amaral Carneiro
Published: June 2014

Uncontrolled intervention study that compared the effectiveness of two elective courses on Prevention and Assistance to violence victims for students and professionals of the Health Sector. The participants answered multiple-choice questions on the topic before and after the course. Statistical analyzes were performed by comparison of two proportions on STATA/IC. Regarding the overall index of correct answers,before and after, it was 54.8 and 58.4% in the 10h Course and the 69.6 and 79.2% in the 30h Course. The most effective course was the 30h Course, with strategies of case discussions and visits to assistance services to violence victims. There is a great necessity to include the discipline in the curriculum of healthcare courses permanently.
Patterns of alcohol use and related issues: analysis of nurses' knowledge
Authors: Vargas Divane de , Soares Janaina
Published: June 2014

Descriptive study that aimed to identify and compare the nurses’ knowledge addressed to patterns of alcohol use and related issues. The study included 185 nurses of which 84 had attended a training course on the subject. Data were collected through a questionnaire of knowledge showing that while the trained group obtained the highest average on correct answers, there was a lack of knowledge in both groups, especially with regard to the identification of complications from alcohol use. Important definitions to nursing practice in the area of addictions are presented, suggesting that future training may consider the various dimensions involved in caring for people with problems related to alcohol.
The Construction Of Ethical Competence In The Perception Of Primary Care Nurses
Authors: Schaefer Rafaela , Junges José Roque
Published: June 2014

The study intended to understand the perception of nurses of Primary Care Services about the construction of ethical competence on their formation and practices. This is a qualitative study, with an interpretative phenomenological approach and interviews with ten nurses of the community health services of Porto Alegre, RS. The results showed that the interviewed professionals had already experienced situations with ethical conflicts and knew what ethical competence means. The central themes point out three fundamental issues in the construction of the ethical competence: personal values, education and practice. Taking into account that ethical competence is in permanent construction, the study shows the importance to promote organizational and educational activities in a transversal manner, as a tool to cope the moral stress and contribute in improving the quality of care in the primary health attention.
Intimate Partner Violence Against Pregnant Women: Study About The Repercussions On The Obstetric And Neonatal Results
Authors: Rodrigues Driéli Pacheco , Gomes-Sponholz Flávia Azevedo , Stefanelo Juliana , Nakano Ana Márcia Spanó , Monteiro Juliana Cristina dos Santos
Published: June 2014

This observational, descriptive and analytic study aimed to identify the prevalence of IPV cases among pregnant women and classify them according to the type and frequency; identify the obstetric and neonatal results and their associations with the intimate partner violence (IPV) occurrence in the current pregnancy. It was developed with 232 pregnant women who had prenatal care at a public maternity hospital. Data were collected via structured interview and in the patients’ charts and analyzed through the statistic software SAS® 9.0. Among the participants, 15.5% suffered IPV during pregnancy, among that 14.7% suffered psychological violence, 5.2% physical violence and 0.4% sexual violence. Women who did not desire the pregnancy had more chances of suffering IPV (p<0.00; OR=4.32 and 95% CI [1.77 – 10.54]). With regards to the obstetric and neonatal repercussions, there was no statistical association between the variables investigated. Thus, for the study participants there were no negative obstetric and neonatal repercussions related to IPV during pregnancy.
Social Representations Of Violence Against Rural Women: Unveiling Senses In Multiple Views
Authors: Costa Marta Cocco , Lopes Marta Julia Marques , Soares Joannie dos Santos Fachinelli
Published: June 2014

We analyze the social representations of violence against women from the perspective of city managers, professionals and health workers in rural settings of the southern half of Rio Grande do Sul. The study has a qualitative approach and adds a theoretical/methodological perspective of social representations. The data were generated by means of the associative method, question-stimulus of words and expressions emergence. The analysis of word association was performed with EVOC software, considering frequency and order of association with inducing terms. Participants recognize violence against women as gender destination that induces consent, resignation, guilt and fear, and results in naturalization and trivialization of this social phenomenon. We highlight the need to produce ruptures in established and traditional forms of health care, in the conservative and stereotypical views of violence, favoring access to friendly service and avoiding the reproduction of gender inequalities.
Ankle-Brachial Index: Nurses Strategy To Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Identification
Authors: Maggi Daniela Luisa , Quadros Leyla Regina Dal Piva de , Azzolin Karina de Oliveira , Goldmeier Silvia
Published: June 2014

Elevated risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events is associated with high prevalence of peripheral arterial disease, with assessment through the ankle-brachial index (ABI). This study aimed to demonstrate that the ABI and the Edinburgh Claudication Questionnaire are tools to be used by nurses in prevention and/or treatment of CVD (cardiovascular disease). A cross-sectional study was carried out with patients from a cardiovascular clinic. The Edinburgh Claudication Questionnaire was applied and the ABI was measured with the formula (ABI= Blood Pressure Ankle/Blood Pressure Brachial). A total of 115 patients were included, most were females (57.4%), aged 60.6 ± 12.5 years. The most prevalent risk factors were hypertension (64.3%), physical inactivity (48.7%) and family history (58.3%). The study showed that abnormal ABI was frequently found and 42.6% of the patients with abnormal ABI showed intermittent claudication. The method to evaluate the ABI associated to the Edinburg Claudication Questionnaire, can be easily used by nurses in the clinical evaluation of asymptomatic and symptomatic CVD patients.
Cross Mapping Of Nursing diagnoses In Infant Health Using the International Classification of Nursing Practice
Authors: Luciano Thaís Savini , Nóbrega Maria Miriam Lima da , Saparolli Eliana Campos Leite , Barros Alba Lucia Bottura Leite de
Published: June 2014

This was a descriptive, retrospective study, with a quantitative method, with the aim of analyzing the nursing diagnoses contained in the records of children of 0 to 36 months of age who attended infant health nursing consults. A documentary analysis and the cross-mapping technique were used. One hundred eighty-eight different nursing diagnoses were encountered, of which 33 (58.9%) corresponded to diagnoses contained in the Nomenclature of Nursing Diagnoses and Interventions and 23 (41.1%) were derived from ICNP® Version 1.0. Of the 56 nursing diagnoses, 43 (76.8%) were considered to be deviations from normalcy. It was concluded that the infant health nursing consults enabled the identification of situations of normalcy and abnormality, with an emphasis on the diagnoses of deviations from normalcy. Standardized language favors nursing documentation, contributing to the care of the patient and facilitating communication between nurses and other health professionals.
Incidence of uterine post abortion infection at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Is prophylactic antibiotic necessary?
Authors: Panke Carine Luíze , Bonilha Mariana Mello , Loreto Melina Silva de , Savaris Ricardo Francalacci
Published: June 2014

OBJECTIVE: To identify the incidence of pelvic infection after miscarriage undergoing uterine evacuation in a tertiary hospital in southern Brazil and to compare with the international literature.METHODS: we reviewed electronic medical records of the Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre of all patients who underwent uterine evacuation for miscarriage between August 2008 and January 2012 were reviewed. We included all patients submitted to uterine curettage due to abortion and who had outpatient visits for review after the procedure. We calculated emographic and laboratory data of the study population, number needed for treatment (NNT) and number needed to harm (NNH).RESULTS: of the 857 revised electronic medical records, 377 patients were subjected to uterine evacuation for miscarriage; 55 cases were lost to follow-up, leaving 322 cases that were classified as not infected abortion on admission. The majority of the population was white (79%); HIV prevalence and positive VDRL was 0.3% and 2%, respectively. By following these 322 cases for a minimum of seven days, it was found that the incidence of post-procedure infection was 1.8% (95% CI 0.8 to 4). The NNT and NNH calculated for 42 months were 63 and 39, respectively.CONCLUSION: The incidence of post-abortion infection between August 2008 to January 2012 was 1.8% (0.8 to 4).
Polycystic ovary syndrome: implications of metabolic dysfunction
Authors: Ávila Márcio Augusto Pinto de , Bruno Ricardo Vasconcellos , Barbosa Fábio Cuiabano , Andrade Felipe Cupertino de , Silva Adriana Cardoso de Oliveira e , Nardi Antonio Egídio
Published: June 2014

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its clinical interrelations in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, prospective study with 100 patients with diagnosed PCOS based on the consensus of Rotterdam (2003). We investigated the interrelationships of MS, with intrinsic PCOS data. Dermatological profile was analyzed, in addition to acanthosis nigricans (AN) in the presence of hirsutism and acne. The use of HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance) aimed at the correlation with MS in order to establish the metabolic dysfunction with the state of insulin resistance.RESULTS: The mean and standard deviations corresponding figures for age, body mass index and waist circumference were, respectively, 25.72 (± 4.87), 30.63 (± 9.31) and 92.09 (± 18.73). The prevalence of MS was 36% and significantly correlated with BMI, AN, and in 51% of patients the state of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Regarding skin profile, only AN significant correlation with MS.CONCLUSION: We propose the routine inspection of metabolic components related to severe PCOS. These parameters configure the cardiovascular risk and such conduct is of undoubted importance to public health.
Influence of distal ileum exclusion on hepatic and renal functions in presence of extrahepatic cholestasis
Authors: Costa Evandro Luis de Oliveira , Petroianu Andy , Azevedo Júnior Geraldo Magela de
Published: June 2014

OBJECTIVE: To verify whether the ileal exclusion interferes with liver and kidney functional changes secondary to extrahepatic cholestasis.METHODS: We studied 24 rats, divided into three groups with eight individuals each: Group 1 (control), Group 2 (ligation of the hepatic duct combined with internal biliary drainage), and Group 3 (bile duct ligation combined with internal biliary drainage and exclusion of the terminal ileum). Animals in Group 1 (control) underwent sham laparotomy. The animals of groups 2 and 3 underwent ligation and section of the hepatic duct and were kept in cholestasis for four weeks. Next, they underwent an internal biliary bypass. In Group 3, besides the biliary-enteric bypass, we associated the exclusion of the last ten centimeters of the terminal ileum and carried out an ileocolic anastomosis. After four weeks of monitoring, blood was collected from all animals of the three groups for liver and kidney biochemical evaluation (albumin, ALT, AST, direct and indirect bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, cGT, creatinine and urea).RESULTS: there were increased values of ALT, AST, direct bilirubin, cGT, creatinine and urea in rats from Group 3 (p < 0.05).CONCLUSION: ileal exclusion worsened liver and kidney functions in the murine model of extrahepatic cholestasis, being disadvantageous as therapeutic procedure for cholestatic disorders.
Effects of splenic allograft in lipid profile of non-splenectomized rats: the immune and metabolic role of the "double spleen"
Authors: Gonçalves Thiago Barbosa , Yamaki Vitor Nagai , Feijó Daniel Haber , Souza Luis Eduardo Almeida de , Silveira Edvaldo , Brito Marcus Vinicius Henriques , Petroianu Andy
Published: June 2014

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the role of the spleen and splenic allograft in lipid control and evaluate its effect on the lipid profile of rats.METHOD: 32 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups: control group (1), total splenectomy group (2), splenectomy and implantation of allograft group (3) and double spleen group (4). Each group was subdivided into two subgroups: A and B, based on the death of the animals after 30 or 120 days of monitoring. The procedures in groups 2, 3 and 4 were made simultaneously, and splenectomized animals, groups 2 and 3 were donors, respectively, for the animals of groups 3 and 4. In group 4 the spleen was preserved and the animals received implants from the spleens of rats from group 3. The regeneration of splenic tissue was evaluated by macroscopic and microscopic analyzes of the grafts and own spleens, as well as with measurements of VLDL, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol and triglycerides.RESULTS: after 120 days, Group 4 showed levels of total cholesterol and LDL lower than the other groups. Group 1 had higher levels of lipids.CONCLUSION: The technique of double spleen was effective in the control of lipid metabolism, corroborating the function of the spleen as a reserve of lipids.
Effects of low-level laser therapy on wound healing
Authors: Andrade Fabiana do Socorro da Silva Dias , Clark Rosana Maria de Oliveira , Ferreira Manoel Luiz
Published: June 2014

OBJECTIVE: To gather and clarify the actual effects of low-level laser therapy on wound healing and its most effective ways of application in human and veterinary medicine.METHODS: We searched original articles published in journals between the years 2000 and 2011, in Spanish, English, French and Portuguese languages, belonging to the following databases: Lilacs, Medline, PubMed and Bireme; Tey should contain the methodological description of the experimental design and parameters used.RESULTS: doses ranging from 3 to 6 J/cm2 appear to be more effective and doses 10 above J/cm2 are associated with deleterious effects. The wavelengths ranging from 632.8 to 1000 nm remain as those that provide more satisfactory results in the wound healing process.CONCLUSION: Low-level laser can be safely applied to accelerate the resolution of cutaneous wounds, although this fact is closely related to the election of parameters such as dose, time of exposure and wavelength.
Low-fidelity bench models for basic surgical skills training during undergraduate medical education
Authors: Denadai Rafael , Saad-Hossne Rogério , Todelo Andréia Padilha , Kirylko Larissa , Souto Luís Ricardo Martinhão
Published: June 2014

It is remarkable the reduction in the number of medical students choosing general surgery as a career. In this context, new possibilities in the field of surgical education should be developed to combat this lack of interest. In this study, a program of surgical training based on learning with models of low-fidelity bench is designed as a complementary alternative to the various methodologies in the teaching of basic surgical skills during medical education, and to develop personal interests in career choice.
Apropriação de práticas de numeramento na EJA: valores e discursos em disputa
Authors: Fonseca Maria da Conceição Ferreira Reis , Simões Fernanda Maurício
Published: June 2014

Este artigo contempla questões da apropriação de práticas de numeramento no contexto escolar por estudantes jovens e adultos da educação básica. Consideramos essas práticas sociais que envolvem ideias, critérios e representações matemáticas como práticas de letramento, constituídas por modos de uso da língua escrita e informadas pelas relações que estabelecem com valores e conhecimentos relativos à cultura letrada. No âmbito do estudo aqui apresentado, analisamos as posições discursivas assumidas pelos sujeitos em interações em sala de aula ocorridas durante a correção de uma atividade de matemática em que se solicitava que os alunos indicassem a ordem de grandeza de alguns objetos e a expressão das medidas aproximadas no sistema métrico decimal. Enquanto a proposta escolar requeria a produção de estimativas em detrimento da referência em situações específicas, os estudantes produziram respostas que se apoiam em situações contextuais e buscam a precisão. A análise sugere que os processos de apropriação das práticas de numeramento escolares não se restringem a uma dimensão técnica, estando relacionados às maneiras de os sujeitos se apropriarem dos valores a elas vinculados. No jogo discursivo escolar, alunos e alunas assumem posições diversas, que ora se solidarizam com os modos de conhecer escolares, ora os questionam, colocando-se como sujeitos de aprendizagem, nos diversos modos de conhecer e se relacionar com o mundo.