bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a scatter/gather interface for supporting distinct health information search tasks
Authors: Zhang Yan , Broussard Ramona , Ke Weimao , Gong Xuemei
Published: April 2014

Web search engines are important gateways for users to access health information. This study explored whether a search interface based on the Bing API and enabled by Scatter/Gather, a well‐known document‐clustering technique, can improve health information searches. Forty participants without medical backgrounds were randomly assigned to two interfaces: a baseline interface that resembles typical web search engines and a Scatter/Gather interface. Both groups performed two lookup and two exploratory health‐related tasks. It was found that the baseline group was more likely to rephrase queries and less likely to access general‐purpose sites than the Scatter/Gather group when completing exploratory tasks. Otherwise, the two groups did not differ in behavior and task performance, with participants in the Scatter/Gather group largely overlooking the features (key words, clusters, and the recluster function) designed to facilitate the exploration of semantic relationships between information objects, a potentially useful means for users in the rather unfamiliar domain of health. The results suggest a strong effect of users' mental models of search on their use of search interfaces and a high cognitive cost associated with using the Scatter/Gather features. It follows that novel features of a search interface should not only be compatible with users' mental models but also provide sufficient affordance to inform users of how they can be used. Compared with the interface, tasks showed more significant impacts on search behavior. In future studies, more effort should be devoted to identify salient features of health‐related information needs.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Annulation of Indolin‐3‐ones with Bromoenals
Authors: Ni Qijian , Song Xiaoxiao , Raabe Gerhard , Enders Dieter
Published: April 2014

N‐Heterocyclic carbene‐catalyzed reactions of indolin‐3‐ones with 2‐bromoenals opened an asymmetric access to 3,4‐dihydropyrano[3,2‐b]indol‐2(5 H)‐ones in good yields and with good to excellent enantioselectivities. This protocol tolerates a broad substrate scope. In addition, a possible mechanism for the annulation reaction is presented.
Rapid communication: Computational simulation and analysis of a candidate for the design of a novel silk‐based biopolymer
Authors: Golas Ewa I. , Czaplewski Cezary
Published: April 2014

This work theoretically investigates the mechanical properties of a novel silk‐derived biopolymer as polymerized in silico from sericin and elastin‐like monomers. Molecular Dynamics simulations and Steered Molecular Dynamics were the principal computational methods used, the latter of which applies an external force onto the system and thereby enables an observation of its response to stress. The models explored herein are single‐molecule approximations, and primarily serve as tools in a rational design process for the preliminary assessment of properties in a new material candidate. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 915–923, 2014.
Preoperative nomogram to predict risk of bowel injury during adhesiolysis
Authors: ten Broek R P G , Strik C , van Goor H
Published: April 2014

Background

Inadvertent bowel injury during adhesiolysis is a major cause of increased morbidity and mortality following abdominal surgery. Identification of risk factors predicting this complication would guide preoperative counselling and surgical decision-making. The aim of this study was to identify predictive preoperative factors for inadvertent bowel injury occurring during adhesiolysis.

Methods

All patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery between June 2008 and June 2010 were evaluated prospectively as part of the LAPAD study. Data on adhesiolysis and inadvertent organ injury were gathered by direct observation during operation. Univariable logistic regression was used to investigate factors that increased the risk of inadvertent bowel injury. Independent predictors of bowel injury were identified using multivariable logistic regression and used to create a clinical nomogram.

Results

Of 715 patients eligible for analysis, 48 (6·7 per cent) had inadvertent bowel injuries. In 42 patients the defect was detected during operation and in nine at a later time (3 patients had both). Bowel resection was required for almost two-thirds of the enterotomies. The number of previous laparotomies, anatomical site of the operation, presence of bowel fistula and laparotomy via a pre-existing median scar were independent predictors of bowel injury. A clinical scoring system was constructed using a nomogram incorporating these risk factors; this had a predictive discrimination, measured as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, of 0·85.

Conclusion

A nomogram based on four independent factors predicted the risk of inadvertent bowel injury. Registration number: NCT01236625 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Borylation of Unactivated Aryl Chlorides under Mild Conditions by Using Diisopropylaminoborane as a Borylating Reagent
Authors: Guerrand Hélène D. S. , Marciasini Ludovic D. , Jousseaume Mélissa , Vaultier Michel , Pucheault Mathieu
Published: April 2014

The synthesis of arylboronic ester derivatives from aryl chlorides by using aryl(amino)boranes is described. Palladium‐catalyzed coupling between aryl chlorides and diisopropylaminoborane leads to the formation of a CB bond under mild conditions. A wide range of functional groups are tolerated, making this method particularly useful for the borylation of functionalized aromatics.
Fluorographites (CFx)n Exhibit Improved Heterogeneous Electron‐Transfer Rates with Increasing Level of Fluorination: Towards the Sensing of Biomolecules
Authors: Chia Xinyi , Ambrosi Adriano , Otyepka Michal , Zbořil Radek , Pumera Martin
Published: April 2014

Halogenated sp2 materials are of high interest owing to their important electronic and electrochemical properties. Although methods for graphite and graphene fluorination have been extensively researched, the fundamental electrochemical properties of fluorinated graphite are not well established. In this paper, the electrochemistry of three fluorographite materials of different carbon‐to‐fluorine ratio were studied: (CF0.33)n, (CF0.47)n, and (CF0.75)n. Our findings reveal that the carbon‐to‐fluorine ratio of fluorographite will impact the electrochemical performance. Faster heterogeneous electron‐transfer (HET) rates and lowered oxidation potentials for ascorbic acid and uric acid are progressively obtained with increasing fluorine content. The fluorographite (CF0.75)n was in fact found to exhibit the most improved electrochemical performances with the fastest HET rates and significantly lowered overpotentials in the oxidation of ascorbic acid. Analytical parameters such as sensitivity and linearity were subsequently investigated by applying the fluorographite (CF0.75)n in the analysis of ascorbic acid and uric acid, which can be simultaneously detected. We determined good linear responses towards the detection of both ascorbic and uric acid. Fluorographites outperform graphites in sensing applications, which will have a profound impact on applications of fluorographites and fluorographene in sensing and biosensing.
Zinc‐Catalyzed [4+3] Cycloaddition with Concomitant Furan Annulation: Formation of Cyclohepta[b]Furans
Authors: Song Bo , Li Lian‐Hua , Song Xian‐Rong , Qiu Yi‐Feng , Zhong Mei‐Jin , Zhou Ping‐Xin , Liang Yong‐Min
Published: April 2014

A convenient zinc‐promoted [4+3] cycloaddition of a carbonyl ene–yne with simple dienes was first achieved. This reaction provided an efficient strategy to prepare various cyclohepta[b]furan rings by cascade cycloadditions. Additionally, a multicomponent reaction of dione, alkynal, and diene was also reported, which exhibited a novel strategy for selective creations of CO bonds and CC bonds.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis, Structure, and Tunable Emission Spectra of a New Phosphor Sm(IO3)3·2H2O.
Authors: Pan Chun‐Yang , Mai Hai‐Deng , Chen Wu‐Zhou , Zhao Feng‐Hua , Yang Hong‐Mei
Published: April 2014

The new phosphorSm(IO3)3·2H2O is prepared under mild hydrothermal conditions from the yellow solid product of a heated mixture of Sm2O5 and conc.
ChemInform Abstract: Superconductivity in Ba1‐xKxTi2Sb2O (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) Controlled by the Layer Charge.
Authors: Pachmayr Ursula , Johrendt Dirk
Published: April 2014

The title solid solution is synthesized by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of Ba, BaO2, K, Sb, and Ti for x ≤ 0.5 and Ba, K, Sb, Ti, and TiO2 for x < 0.5 (Nb tubes, 600 °C, 15 h, sintering at 900 °C, 3 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure, Oxidation State and Magnetism of SrxLa2‐xCu0.5Ru0.5O4 (x = 1, 1.5).
Authors: Lue Minfeng , Deng Xiaolong , Waerenborgh Joao C. , Wu Xiaojie , Meng Jian
Published: April 2014

The compounds SrLaCu0.5Ru0.5O4 (I) and Sr1.5La0.5Cu0.5Ru0.5O4 (II) are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of SrCO3, La2O3, RuO2, and CuO (1173—1673 K, 12—36 h) and characterized by powder XRD, XPS, magnetic susceptibility, and electrical resistivity measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Keggin‐Type Polyoxometalates [PW11O39MCl]5‐ with Noble Metals (M: Rh and Ir): Novel Synthetic Entries and ESI‐MS Directed Reactivity Screening.
Authors: Sokolov Maxim N. , Adonin Sergey A. , Sinkevich Pavel L. , Vicent Cristian , Mainichev Dmitry A. , Fedin Vladimir P.
Published: April 2014

The presence of Li+ is essential for a high yield of (III), which is characterized by NMR and ESI‐MS methods.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Versatile Approach to Synthesise Enantioenriched 3‐Hydroxyoxindoles, 1,3‐Dihydroisobenzofuran and 3‐Isochromanone Derivatives by a Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Arylation—Cyclization Sequence.
Authors: Li Yi , Zhu Dong‐Xing , Xu Ming‐Hua
Published: April 2014

The key step of the described sequence relies on an enantioselective addition of boronic acids (II) to ortho‐substituted aryl keto esters (I) and (IV) in the presence of a chiral sulfur‐based olefin ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric anti‐Mannich Reactions in Continuous Flow.
Authors: Martin‐Rapun Rafael , Sayalero Sonia , Pericas Miquel A.
Published: April 2014

A very robust polymer‐supported chiral organocatalyst is prepared and successfully applied in the synthesis of highly enantioenriched anti‐type Mannich adducts (III) and (V) under continuous flow conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt Carbonyl‐Based Catalyst for Hydrosilylation of Carboxamides.
Authors: Dombray Thomas , Helleu Camille , Darcel Christophe , Sortais Jean‐Baptiste
Published: April 2014

Commercially available octacarbonyldicobalt can be used in low catalytic loading for the chemoselective reduction of tertiary amides in the presence of silane reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Reduction of Carboxylic Acids to Aldehydes with Hydrosilanes in the Presence of Pivalic Anhydride.
Authors: Fujihara Tetsuaki , Cong Cong , Terao Jun , Tsuji Yasushi
Published: April 2014

A palladium catalyst system that allows the reduction of carboxylic acids to the corresponding aldehydes with hydrosilanes as reducing agent and pivalic anhydride as an indispensable reagent is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild and Convenient Base‐Catalyzed Approach to Disubstituted Epidithiodiketopiperazines.
Authors: Sil Bruno C. , Hilton Stephen T.
Published: April 2014

The DMAP‐catalyzed three component reaction of diacetoxycyanide (I) with amines and mercaptan (III) provides the precursors (IV) which can be converted to the novel title compounds (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Reactivity of Electron‐Rich Aryl Iodides in the Heck Arylation of Disubstituted Alkenes Catalyzed by Palladium—Arylurea Complexes.
Authors: Smith Matthew R. , Jang Young Jin , Kim Jung Yun , Ciufolini Marco A.
Published: April 2014

The presented procedure gives access to a broad scope of arylated enones and crotonic systems with reasonable yields by employment of a relative simple catalytic system compared to common protocols.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Alkylation of Aryl‐ and Alkenylsilanes Activated by Intramolecular Coordination of an Alkoxide.
Authors: Tsubouchi Akira , Muramatsu Daisuke , Takeda Takeshi
Published: April 2014

The copper(I)‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of alkenyl‐ and arylsilanes with primary alkyl iodides as well as allylic and benzylic halides as electrophilic coupling partners is realized by intramolecular activation through alkoxide coordination.
ChemInform Abstract: Axially Chiral Dicarboxylic Acid Catalyzed Activation of Quinone Imine Ketals: Enantioselective Arylation of Enecarbamates.
Authors: Hashimoto Takuya , Nakatsu Hiroki , Takiguchi Yuka , Maruoka Keiji
Published: April 2014

The first asymmetric organocatalyzed synthesis of α‐amino‐β‐aryl ethers from quinine imine ketals and enecarbamates is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Reductive Amination of Boron‐Containing Aryl‐Ketones Using ω‐Transaminases.
Authors: Reis Joel S. , Simon Robert C. , Kroutil Wolfgang , Andrade Leandro H.
Published: April 2014

The asymmetric reductive amination of aryl methyl ketones containing boron substituents in the arene group is developed employing lypophilized E.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of N‐Acylamino Acids Derivatives of Triazenes. Activation by Tyrosinase in Human Melanoma Cell Lines.
Authors: Mendes Eduarda , et al. et al.
Published: April 2014

Among all the title compounds synthesized, derivative (IIId) exhibits the highest cytotoxicity against melanoma cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Room Temperature Fe(NO3)3·9H2O/TEMPO/NaCl‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Homopropargylic Alcohols.
Authors: Liu Jinxian , Ma Shengming
Published: April 2014

The reaction of the compounds (III) are incomplete.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Copper‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Trimethylaluminum to β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Ketoamides: Efficient Access to γ‐Methyl‐Substituted Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Goncalves‐Contal Sylvie , Gremaud Ludovic , Alexakis Alexandre
Published: April 2014

The asymmetric addition of AlMe3 to β,γ‐unsaturated α‐ketoamides affords 1,4‐adducts with perfect 1,4‐regioselectivity and good to excellent yields and enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: I2‐Catalyzed Direct α‐Hydroxylation of β‐Dicarbonyl Compounds with Atmospheric Oxygen under Photoirradiation.
Authors: Miao Chun‐Bao , Wang Yan‐Hong , Xing Meng‐Lei , Lu Xin‐Wei , Sun Xiao‐Qiang , Yang Hai‐Tao
Published: April 2014

The title procedure for the metal free direct oxygenation of 1,3‐dicarbonyls shows a wide applicability to different substrates and excellent functional group tolerability.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Diaryl Sulfone Synthesis Exploiting the Sulfur Dioxide Surrogate DABSO.
Authors: Emmett Edward J. , Hayter Barry R. , Willis Michael C.
Published: April 2014

The three‐component palladium‐catalyzed coupling of aryl lithium compounds, sulfur dioxide, and aryl, heteroaryl, and alkenyl halides yields a diverse library of sulfones.
ChemInform Abstract: Imidazolium Supported Palladium—Chloroglycine Complex: Recyclable Catalyst for Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Karthikeyan Parasuraman , Vanitha Arumugam , Radhika Pachaiappan , Suresh Kannan , Sugumaran Arunachalam
Published: April 2014

The title complex catalyzes the coupling reaction between aryl bromides (I) and phenyl boronic acid (II) in an ionic liquid and in the absence of an organic co‐solvent better than most of the reported catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of 1,7,8‐Trifluoro‐2‐naphthol via DMAP Catalyzed Cycloaromatization.
Authors: Araki Keisuke , Katagiri Tomohiro , Inoue Munenori
Published: April 2014

The title compound (IX), an important synthetic precursor for liquid crystal compounds, is obtained in six steps starting from 4‐bromo‐1,2‐difluorobenzene (I) in 51% overall yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Iminoesters Derived from D‐Glyceraldehyde in [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions. Asymmetric Synthesis of a Key Intermediate in the Synthesis of Neuramidinase Inhibitors.
Authors: Galvez Jose A. , Diaz‐de‐Villegas Maria D. , Alias Miriam , Badorrey Ramon
Published: April 2014

The title asymmetric [2 + 3] cycloaddition is endo‐selective by using AgOAc as a catalyst and exo‐selective by using CuOAc as a catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene—Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Carboheterofunctionalization of Alkenes with Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Zhu Shifa , Ye Lijuan , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: April 2014

A novel gold‐catalyzed intramolecular amino‐ or oxyarylation reaction of a wide range of alkene substrates such as amines, alcohols, carboxylic acids, and ureas is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of Cytotoxic Activities of New Guanidines Derived from Carbazoles.
Authors: Sinicropi Maria Stefania , et al. et al.
Published: April 2014

A variety of new carbazolylguanidines (III) are obtained in a simple one‐pot reaction starting from 3‐aminocarbazole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Stereochemistry of New 1,3‐Thiazolidine Systems Based on 2‐Amino‐2‐(mercaptomethyl)propane‐1,3‐diol: 4,4‐Bis(hydroxymethyl)‐1,3‐thiazolidines and c‐5‐Hydroxymethyl‐3‐oxa‐7‐thia‐r‐1‐azabicyclo[3.3.0]octanes.
Authors: Morar Cristina , Sacalis Carmen , Lameiras Pedro , Soran Albert , Khartabil Hassan , Antheaume Cyril , Bratu Ioan , Moldovan Oana , Darabantu Mircea
Published: April 2014

The new class of 2‐aryl‐4,4,‐bis(hydroxymethyl)‐1,3‐thiazolidines (III) is investigated by NMR and IR spectroscopy and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile, Efficient and Diastereoselective Synthesis of α‐Hydrazine Tetrazoles Through a Novel One‐Pot Four‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Ramezanpour Sorour , Balalaie Saeed , Rominger Frank , Alavijeh Nahid S. , Bijanzadeh Hamid Reza
Published: April 2014

The title tetrazole derivatives are obtained by a new Ugi four‐component reaction of hydrazides (I), cyclic ketones (II), trimethylsilyl azide, and the corresponding isocyanide without any catalyst in a one‐pot procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Catalyzed Schmittel Cycloisomerization of o‐Phenylenediyne‐Linked Bis(arenol)s to Indeno[1,2‐c]chromenes.
Authors: Furusawa Masaki , Arita Kosuke , Imahori Tatsushi , Igawa Kazunobu , Tomooka Katsuhiko , Irie Ryo
Published: April 2014

The present cycloisomerization of (I) to (II) proceeds under transition metal‐free basic conditions involving a domino sequence of the prototropic rearrangement into a putative vinylidene o‐quinone methide intermediate and subsequent formal inverse‐electron‐demand hetero Diels—Alder cycloaddition.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Free Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Trisubstituted Cyclic Allyl Bromides Using Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Grassi David , Alexakis Alexandre
Published: April 2014

A regio‐ and enantioselective method for the preparation of alkyl‐, allyl‐substituted benzothiopyran and tetralone derivatives is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: CuI‐Catalyzed C1‐Alkynylation of Tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs) by A3 Reaction with Tunable Iminium Ions.
Authors: Zheng Qin‐Heng , Meng Wei , Jiang Guo‐Jie , Yu Zhi‐Xiang
Published: April 2014

It is proposed, that the reaction of tetrahydroisoquinoline with aromatic aldehydes provide exo‐iminium ions, which isomerize to endo‐iminium ions.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reaction of β‐Lactam Carbenes with 3,6‐Di(2‐pyrimidinyl)tetrazine: Regulating Products by Reaction Conditions.
Authors: Yan Cai‐Xia , Zhao Yuan , Wang Xiao‐Rong , Cheng Ying
Published: April 2014

The reaction of β‐lactam carbenes with tetrazine (II) is controlled by the reaction temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Copper‐Catalyzed [3 + 3] Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides with Azomethine Imines.
Authors: Guo Hongchao , et al. et al.
Published: April 2014

The asymmetric [3 + 3] cycloaddition of azomethine ylides derived from imines (I) with azomethine imines in the presence of a chiral ferrocenylphosphine—copper catalyst affords highly functionalized triazine derivatives in high yield with excellent enantio‐ and diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral 7‐Ring O‐ and N‐Heterocycles by a One‐Pot Nitro‐Michael—Cyclization Tandem Reaction
Authors: Rohlmann Renate , Daniliuc Constantin‐Gabriel , Mancheno Olga Garcia
Published: April 2014

catalyzed by a bifunctional thiourea‐cinchona organocatalyst
ChemInform Abstract: Ozonides with the Tetrahydroquinoline and Dehydroabietic Fragments
Authors: Tolstikov A. G. , Savchenko R. G. , Lukina E. S. , Nedopekin D. V. , Odinokov V. N.
Published: April 2014

synthesis and characterization
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Step Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Calyxamines A (I) and B (II).
Authors: Meza‐Leon Roas‐L. , Davila‐Garcia Alvaro , Sartillo‐Piscil Fernando , Quintero Leticia , Rivadeneyra Matha Sosa , Cruz‐Gregorio Silvano
Published: April 2014

The inhibitory activity of Calyxamine B (II) on acetylcholinesterase is comparable to the natural inhibitors.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalyzed Stereospecific C—C Bond Formation of β‐Lactams.
Authors: Pawar Sachin A. , Alapour Saba , Khanyase Sibusiso , Cele Zamani E. D. , Chitti Srinivas , Kruger Hendrik G. , Govender Thavendran , Arvidsson Per I.
Published: April 2014

Novel carbapenam derivatives are prepared through organocatalyzed aldol, Mannich and Michael C—C bond forming reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Prodelphinidin B1, B2, and B4 and Their Antitumor Activities Against Human PC‐3 Prostate Cancer Cell Lines.
Authors: Fujii Wataru , Toda Kazuya , Matsumoto Kiriko , Kawaguchi Koichiro , Kawahara Sei‐ichi , Hattori Yasunao , Fujii Hiroshi , Makabe Hidefumi
Published: April 2014

The title compounds are prepared via Lewis acid‐mediated equimolar condensation of a gallocatechin and/or epigallocatechin nucleophile with gallocatechin and/or epigallocatechin electrophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: 25th Anniversary Article: MXenes: A New Family of Two‐Dimensional Materials
Authors: Naguib Michael , Mochalin Vadym N. , Barsoum Michel W. , Gogotsi Yury
Published: April 2014

Review: MXenes: early transition metal carbides or carbonitrides resulting from the selective removal of the A element from ternary carbides called MAX phases like Ti2AlC, Ti3AlC2, or Ta4AlC3; 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytically Active Sites and Their Complexity: A Micro‐Review
Authors: Piumetti Marco , Freyria Francesca Stefania , Bonelli Barbara
Published: April 2014

Review: structure and complexity of catalytic active sites in heterogeneous, metal suported, and transition metal oxide catalysts; 28 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Research on Food (Drug) Use of Fungal Polysaccharides
Authors: Zhao Chun Hai , Liu Zhi Gang
Published: April 2014

Review: 10 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Modulation of Stereoselectivity of Glycosylation: A Supramer Approach
Authors: Kononov Leonid O.
Published: April 2014

Review: 78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tryptophan‐Based Dimeric Diketopiperazine Alkaloids Using Bioinspired Reactions
Authors: Tadano Shinji , Ishikawa Hayato
Published: April 2014

Review: 41 refs.+subrefs.
ChemInform Abstract: Domino Reactions Based on Knoevenagel Condensation in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds. Recent Advances
Authors: Voskressensky Leonid G. , Festa Alexey A. , Varlamov Alexey V.
Published: April 2014

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Donor—Acceptor Cyclopropane Ring‐Opening Cyclizations
Authors: Cavitt Marchello A. , Phun Lien H. , France Stefan
Published: April 2014

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: “Green” Electronics: Biodegradable and Biocompatible Materials and Devices for Sustainable Future
Authors: Irimia‐Vladu Mihai
Published: April 2014

Review: 82 refs.
Research and Application of Three‐Dimensional Density Interface Inversion
Authors: Juan FENG , Xiao‐Hong MENG , Zhao‐Xi CHEN , Lei SHI , Yue WU , Zhen‐Jun FAN
Published: April 2014

Based on the Fourier transform, the Parker‐Oldenburg algorithm in the frequency domain was extended to the three‐dimensional case in which the density changes with depth. From this, a gravity interface inversion formula was derived in which the assumed density varies laterally and vertically. Iterative convergence is assured by fixing a particular depth as the datum plane below the surface to reduce the interface fluctuation. The results of an example of synthetic gravity data indicate that the proposed method has high precision and rapid convergence, with high practical value for the inversion of density interfaces. This method was also used to determine the Moho depth beneath northern China. The results were verified by seismic sounding data.
Estimating Penetration Depth of the CHTEM‐I System by the Diffusive Electric Field Method
Authors: Bin CHEN , Li‐Feng MAO , Guang‐Ding LIU
Published: April 2014

Penetration depth is one of key technical parameters in the airborne time‐domain electromagnetic system (ATEM), which plays an important role in system design as well as data interpretation. When the difference of conductivity between the target layer and host rock is small or the anomaly response of the target layer is not obvious, the conventional method for estimating penetration depth is no longer applicable. To overcome this drawback, this study suggests a new approach. It simulates the diffusion processes of the induced electric field in a uniform half‐space model or a layering model and determines the transient position of the field with the largest amplitude in the subsurface. Then it defines that the depth of this position is the penetration depth of the system, where the measured response value is equal to the given noise level. Taking the China helicopter time‐domain electromagnetic system I (CHTEM‐I), developed independently by our own forces, as the example, this work presents the application of this new method. It compares calculation results under various conditions, produces relation curves of penetration depth, flight height and noise level, and explores how to enhance the penetration depth of the system. The results show that the system can probe down depth 300 m in the case that noise level is proportional to t−05 when the half‐space model has conductivity in 0.000295∼0.0422 S/m. This depth estimation method is not affected by factors such as layer thickness and magnitude of conductivity difference between the target layer and host rock, and thus very applicable. It is of significance to design including estimation of penetration depth for various time‐domain airborne electromagnetic systems.
Mechanisms of Electron Transport and Recombination in ZnO Nanostructures for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Vega‐Poot Alberto G. , Macías‐Montero Manuel , Idígoras Jesus , Borrás Ana , Barranco Angel , Gonzalez‐Elipe Agustín R. , Lizama‐Tzec Francisco I. , Oskam Gerko , Anta Juan A.
Published: April 2014

ZnO is an attractive material for applications in dye‐sensitized solar cells and related devices. This material has excellent electron‐transport properties in the bulk but its electron diffusion coefficient is much smaller in mesoporous films. In this work the electron‐transport properties of two different kinds of dye‐sensitized ZnO nanostructures are investigated by small‐perturbation electrochemical techniques. For nanoparticulate ZnO photoanodes prepared via a wet‐chemistry technique, the diffusion coefficient is found to reproduce the typical behavior predicted by the multiple‐trapping and the hopping models, with an exponential increase with respect to the applied bias. In contrast, in ZnO nanostructured thin films of controlled texture and crystallinity prepared via a plasma chemical vapor deposition method, the diffusion coefficient is found to be independent of the electrochemical bias. This observation suggests a different transport mechanism not controlled by trapping and electron accumulation. In spite of the quite different transport features, the recombination kinetics, the electron‐collection efficiency and the photoconversion efficiency are very similar for both kinds of photoanodes, an observation that indicates that surface properties rather than electron transport is the main efficiency‐determining factor in solar cells based on ZnO nanostructured photoanodes.
Investigation of Dye Regeneration Kinetics in Sensitized Solar Cells by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy
Authors: Zhang Bingyan , Xu Xiaobao , Zhang Xiaofan , Huang Dekang , Li Shaohui , Zhang Yibo , Zhan Fang , Deng Mingzhang , He Yahui , Chen Wei , Shen Yan , Wang Mingkui
Published: April 2014

Sensitizers are responsible for the light harvesting and the charge injection in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). A fast dye‐regeneration process is necessary to obtain highly efficient DSSC devices. Herein, dye‐regeneration rates of two DSSC device types, that is, the reduction of immediately formed photo‐oxidized sensitizers (ruthenium complex C106TBA and porphyrin LD14, kox′) by iodide ions (I−) and [Co(bpy)3]2+, and the oxidation of formed photo‐reduced sensitizers (organic dye P1, kre′) by triiodide ions (I3−) and the disulfide dimer (T2) are investigated by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). We provide a thorough experimental verification of the feedback mode to compare the kinetics for dye‐regeneration by using the above mentioned mediators. The charge recombination at the dye/semiconductor/electrolyte interface is further investigated by SECM. A theoretical model is applied to interpret the current response at the tip under short‐circuit conditions, providing important information on factors that govern the dynamics of dye‐regeneration onto the dye‐sensitized heterojunction.
Collective Learning Agreements as Democratic Practice and Joint Empowerment
Authors: Coy Patrick G.
Published: April 2014

When decision‐making power about what happens in a classroom is rarely shared with students, hierarchies are reinforced, knowledge is static, and learning becomes passive. Learning agreements and learning contracts can undercut these dynamics, modeling democracy while promoting cooperation. Analyzing collective learning agreements in undergraduate conflict management courses, this article explores what students perceive to be productive learning methods and argues that collective learning agreements facilitate active learning, self and class governance, and shared responsibility for individual and collective success. Jointly constructing collective learning agreements disrupts traditional power relations while engendering creativity in students and professors alike.
The Other Voice in the Room: Restorative Justice Facilitators' Constructions of Justice
Authors: Paul Gregory D. , Dunlop Julia A.
Published: April 2014

Restorative justice represents an approach to managing conflict initiated by a wrongdoing that focuses on restoring the participants materially, psychologically, and relationally. Restorative interventions usually involve facilitators who act as experts in helping the parties manage their conflict restoratively. They also help participants understand how restorative justice differs from traditional justice and what restorative justice looks like. However, we lack an understanding of how facilitators conceptualize justice in the first place. Drawing on interviews with facilitators, this study identifies facilitators' justice constructions during victim‐offender conferences. Together, these constructions constitute a multidimensional, multilayered model of justice in victim‐offender conferences.
Electric Probe Measurements of the Poloidal Velocity in the Scrape‐Off Layer of ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Mehlmann F. , Costea S. , Schrittwieser R. , Naulin V. , Rasmussen J. J. , Müller H. W. , Nielsen A. H. , Vianello N. , Carralero D. , Rohde V. , Lux C. , Ionita C. , ASDEX Up‐grade Team
Published: April 2014

A reciprocating probe head with six pins was used for localized measurements of electric fields and densities in the scrape‐off layer (SOL) of ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) up to the edge shear layer (SL) near the Last Closed Flux Surface (LCFS). The edge SL is characterized by a strong sudden change in the poloidal velocity vθ close to the separatrix. The probes were used to determine this velocity by different methods which are critically compared to each other concerning their reliability. By the first method the poloidal velocity was deduced from the radial electric field Er measured by two radially staggered probe pins, with vθ being due to the Er × Bϕ‐drift (Bϕ is the toroidal field). The two other methods utilized the cross correlation of two poloidally staggered ion‐biased probes and two poloidally staggered floating probes, respectively. In this case the time lags with maximum cross correlation were used to determine the poloidal velocity and its jump, yielding comparable results to the first method. Also the method of conditional averaging was applied to the latter signals. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Propagator Computational Method for Drift‐Diffusion Equations to Describe Plasma‐Wall Interaction
Authors: Gonzalez J. , Donoso J. M. , Conde L.
Published: April 2014

Plasmas evolve under sharp conditions such as localized currents, charge separation and absorption or emission of particles. The plasma‐wall interaction is one of these singularities. Numerical methods based upon differences usually fail under these abrupt boundary conditions leading to new spurious noise and singularities of numerical nature. Here, we extend the path‐sum integral numerical method to account for abrupt boundary conditions in plasma drift‐diffusion equations. The boundary‐path‐integral solution also shows the advantages of the smoothing affects of the diffusive short‐time propagators for unbounded domains. The proposed scheme is free of artificial numerical smoothing functions to mask sharp behaviours. This stable, robust and grid‐free algorithm is applied to test cases of plasma‐wall interaction with an advancing scheme that simultaneously copes with disparate electron and ion time scales. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The effect of driven exercise on treatment outcomes for adolescents with anorexia and bulimia nervosa
Authors: Stiles‐Shields Colleen , DclinPsy Bryony Bamford , Lock James , Le Grange Daniel
Published: April 2014

Objective

This study investigated the prevalence of driven exercise (DE) and its role in treatment outcome for adolescents with bulimia nervosa (BN) and anorexia nervosa (AN).

Method

Participants were 201 adolescents with an eating disorder (ED) (80 with BN and 121 with AN) presenting for outpatient treatment at two specialist clinics. All adolescents participated in one of two randomized controlled trials. Descriptive statistics were conducted to evaluate the presence and frequency of baseline DE. Exploratory hierarchical regressions were used to evaluate the effect of baseline DE on treatment outcomes.

Results

About 66.3% of adolescents with BN and 23.1% of adolescents with AN presented with baseline DE. The presence of baseline DE predicted significantly worse outcomes for adolescents with AN in terms of ED symptom severity (ps < .004); however, baseline DE did not significantly predict any of the evaluated outcomes for adolescents with BN (ps < .05).

Discussion

The results of this secondary exploratory data suggest that DE is prevalent for adolescents with BN and AN. However, DE may be related to different constructs for adolescents with AN than those with BN, suggesting differences in treatment needs. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:392–396)
Egg load dynamics and the risk of egg and time limitation experienced by an aphid parasitoid in the field
Authors: Dieckhoff Christine , Theobald Julian C. , Wäckers Felix L. , Heimpel George E.
Published: April 2014

Insect parasitoids and herbivores must balance the risk of egg limitation and time limitation in order to maximize reproductive success. Egg and time limitation are mediated by oviposition and egg maturation rates as well as by starvation risk and other determinants of adult lifespan. Here, we assessed egg load and nutritional state in the soybean aphid parasitoid Binodoxys communis under field conditions to estimate its risk of becoming either egg‐ or time‐limited. The majority of female B. communis showed no signs of egg limitation. Experimental field manipulations of B. communis females suggested that an average of 4–8 eggs were matured per hour over the course of a day. Regardless, egg loads remained constant over the course of the day at approximately 80 eggs, suggesting that egg maturation compensates for oviposition. This is the first case of such “egg load buffering” documented for a parasitoid in the field. Despite this buffering, egg loads dropped slightly with increasing host (aphid) density. This suggests that egg limitation could occur at very high host densities as experienced in outbreak years in some locations in the Midwestern USA. Biochemical analyses of sugar profiles showed that parasitoids fed upon sugar in the field at a remarkably high rate. Time limitation through starvation thus seems to be very low and aphid honeydew is most likely a source of dietary sugar for these parasitoids. This latter supposition is supported by the fact that body sugar levels increase with host (aphid) density. Together, these results suggest that fecundity of B. communis benefits from both dynamic egg maturation strategies and sugar‐feeding.
A Fan Beam Microwave CT System Which Determines the Straight Transmission Path by Time‐Domain Measurement of Demodulated dc Voltage
Authors: Tamura Mutsumi , Ogawa Takahiro , Takeuchi Yuuki , Miyakawa Michio
Published: April 2014

We have developed a demodulated direct current voltage‐based microwave CT system (dc‐MCT) based on chirp‐pulse microwave CT. The dc‐MCT utilizes time‐domain measurement to determine the shortest propagation path between the transmitting and receiving antennas. By using a standard SG with low phase noise and phase synchronization of the signal source, reconstructed amplitude and phase images can be obtained. In a study of high‐speed imaging, the method of measurement and the influence of overshoot characteristics from the low‐pass filter were examined, and the images were evaluated using 50 and 72 rotary scans. In addition, for the purpose of improving resolution, an attempt to obtain a time‐domain spectrum that gives the maximum value of the amplitude showed the possibility of improving the dynamic range of the receiver. Thus this paper demonstrates the usefulness of the new method of microwave imaging.
Performance Evaluation of an Ambient Noise Clustering Method for Objective Speech Intelligibility Estimation
Authors: Kobayashi Yosuke , Kondo Kazuhiro
Published: April 2014

We investigated the clustering of nonstationary noise used in the subjective and objective assessment of speech intelligibility. The feature vector used in the clustering comprises 15‐dimensional features used typically in MIR, and clustering was performed by the x‐means method. We then conducted tests to validate the clustering results using the Japanese Diagnostic Rhyme Test. It was found that with the JEIDA‐NOISE database, the noise can be classified into three clusters, and significant differences in the speech intelligibility of the different clusters were seen. Finally, we tested the objective speech intelligibility assessment for each cluster using fwSNRseg and the logistic function. The performance of objective assessment was found to be improved by about 0.01 compared to the case without clustering.
An Anonymous Off‐Line Credit Card System Based on ITLs
Authors: Ohashi Yusuke , Tamura Shinsuke , Taniguchi Shuji
Published: April 2014

This paper proposes a scheme for anonymous off‐line credit card systems that enables cardholders to make purchases from shops anonymously while being disconnected from card companies, that is, without using information maintained by card companies or other shops. The proposed scheme is an extension of the ITL (Implicit Transaction Link) based one for online anonymous credit card systems that had been proposed already. As same as the original online scheme, the proposed extended scheme does not assume any absolutely trustworthy neutral entity or tamper‐resistant device.
Self‐Assembly between Dicarboxylate Ions and Dinuclear Lanthanide Complexes: A Surprisingly Complicated Problem
Authors: Sørensen Thomas Just , Hill Leila R. , Tilney James A. , Blackburn Octavia A. , Jones Michael W. , Tropiano Manuel , Faulkner Stephen
Published: April 2014

The association between dinuclear lanthanide complexes and dicarboxylate guests has been studied to elucidate the factors that influence the self‐assembly of these ternary structures. The self‐assembly between α,α′‐bis(Eu·DO3A)‐m‐xylyl (H3DO3A = 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7‐triacetic acid) host complexes and dicarboxylate guests and the association of a dinicotinate guest and an α,α′‐bis(Ln·DO3A)‐3,5‐dimethylpyridine host in water were demonstrated, and the study of lanthanide‐mediated self‐assembly and the methods used to investigate the self‐assembly are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the self‐assembly has been extended to involve five ions from across the lanthanide series, namely, Nd3+, Eu3+, Tb3+, Dy3+ and Yb3+. The self‐assembly process, measured by the association constant Ka, is independent of the nature of the lanthanide centre but it is highly solvent dependent. The association constants between a given host–guest pair vary by several orders of magnitude when determined in methanol, methanol/water and water. We conclude that although a lanthanide‐centred self‐assembly process can be controlled through design, the strength of the association can only be rationalised after the event. The multiple parameters involved in the determination of the value of the association constant appear to be dominated by the solvation contribution to a degree that specific and general solvation has to be understood before we can fully rationalise the association between dinuclear lanthanide complexes and dicarboxylate guests.
One‐Pot Stereoselective Synthesis of (Z)‐β‐Ketoenamides from β‐Halo α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes
Authors: Gogoi Junali , Gogoi Pranjal , Boruah Romesh C.
Published: April 2014

A series of steroidal and non‐steroidal β‐ketoenamides have been synthesized from their corresponding β‐halo α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes. This synthetic methodology provides efficient access to (Z)‐β‐ketoenamides. The structures of these products have been unambiguously established by single crystal XRD studies. This process is found to be mild and inexpensive. The required β‐halo α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes are synthesized from corresponding ketones using the Vilsmeier formylation reaction. One of the prepared β‐ketoenamides was transformed into its corresponding 2‐aminodihydroisoquinoline derivative.
Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Aromatization Followed by Bromination of Cyclohexenones Leading to Phenols and Bromophenols
Authors: Tong Hung‐Chun , Reddy K. Rajender , Liu Shiuh‐Tzung
Published: April 2014

Conversion of substituted cyclohexenones into the corresponding phenols can be achieved using copper acetate as the catalyst in the presence of LiBr and CF3COOH under oxygen. With the use of excess LiBr, electrophilic aromatic bromination afforded the corresponding bromophenol under similar catalytic conditions.
2,4‐ and 2,5‐Disubstituted Arylthiazoles: Rapid Synthesis by C–H Coupling and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Lohrey Lilia , Uehara Takahiro N. , Tani Satoshi , Yamaguchi Junichiro , Humpf Hans‐Ulrich , Itami Kenichiro
Published: April 2014

Life‐threatening infections caused by bacteria that have developed resistance to common antibiotics, such as methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), have become a serious problem in hospitals and other areas all over the world. Thus, the development of an effective class of antibiotics against these bacteria is an urgent subject. Herein, we report a step‐economical and diversity‐oriented synthesis of a series of 2‐arylidenehydrazinyl‐4‐arylthiazole and 2‐arylidenehydrazinyl‐5‐arylthiazole analogues that utilizes C–H coupling methodologies. A library of 54 new congeners were synthesized and tested for their biological potential. Moreover, new knowledge regarding the structure–activity relationships (SARs) of these heterobiaryl compounds was collected.
Single‐use technologies in biopharmaceutical manufacturing: A 10‐year review of trends and the future
Authors: Langer Eric S. , Rader Ronald A.
Published: April 2014

Single‐use bioprocessing equipment has made considerable progress in the past 10 years. These devices now dominate small‐ and mid‐scale bioprocessing and are starting to graduate to larger scale manufacturing. We now have nearly a decade of combined industry experience covering the benefits of single‐use vs. fixed stainless steel. Single‐use systems are generally recognized as enabling rapid setup of bioprocessing at multiple scales in the same manufacturing area. A decade ago there were significant unknowns and concerns about single‐use equipment. Today, these plastics and equipments have much improved, and include advanced design, multilayer laminated plastic bags, and other integrated technologies. This article reviews bioprocessing single‐use systems market characteristics and trends over the past decade and forecasts future developments. Much of this grounded and based on data from the annual survey of bioprocessing professionals conducted by BioPlan Associates, Inc., now in its 11th year. In addition to quantitative survey data, this annual report includes extensive discussion and external analysis of bioprocessing and related trends. This article also includes data from other primary research resources. Single‐use and modular systems are making capacity crunches increasingly unlikely; in fact, estimating current and projected industry capacity may become subjective and possibly irrelevant.
Vibrational spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction applied to the study of Cretaceous fish fossils from Araripe Basin, Northeast of Brazil
Authors: Freire Paulo T. C. , Silva João H. , Sousa‐Filho F. E. , Abagaro Bruno T. O. , Viana Bartolomeu C. , Saraiva Gilberto D. , Batista Thatiany A. , Barros Olga A. , Saraiva Antonio A. F.
Published: April 2014

In this work, we investigate fossils of the fish coelacanth belonging to the Cretaceous Period from two different formations belonging to Araripe Basin (Brejo Santo and Romualdo Formations), in Northeast of Brazil, through Raman and infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The coelacanth processes of fossilization have occurred of different manners as a consequence of the different environment surrounding the fossils. The results obtained by different techniques showed that the matrix found in the Romualdo Formation is composed of calcite and quartz, whereas the matrix found in the Brejo Santo Formation is comprised of calcite, quartz, and albite. On the other hand, the presence of (PO4)−3 units in the fossils of coelacanth was proved clearly from the Raman spectroscopic analysis, supporting the results furnished by X‐ray diffraction measurements. The fossil from Brejo Santo Formation is well preserved, presenting mainly the hydroxyapatite and the fossil from the Romualdo Formation that is partially substituted by calcite, indicating the occurrence of a substitution process. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.