bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Myelin status is associated with change in functional mobility following slope walking in people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: King EM , Sabatier MJ , Hoque M , Kesar TM , Backus D , Borich MR
Published: April 2018

Background

The level of myelin disruption in multiple sclerosis patients may impact the capacity for training-induced neuroplasticity and the magnitude of therapeutic response to rehabilitation interventions. Downslope walking has been shown to increase functional mobility in individuals with multiple sclerosis, but it is unclear if myelin status influences therapeutic response.

Objective

The current study aimed to examine the relationship between baseline myelin status and change in functional mobility after a walking intervention.

Methods

The Timed Up and Go test was used to measure functional mobility before and after completion of a repeated, six-session slope walking intervention in 16 participants with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis. Multi-component T2 relaxation imaging was used to index myelin water fraction of overall water content in brain tissue compartments.

Results

Results demonstrated that the ratio of the myelin water fraction in lesion to normal-appearing white matter (myelin water fraction ratio) significantly predicted 31% of the variance in change in Timed Up and Go score after the downslope walking intervention, where less myelin disruption was associated with greater intervention response.

Conclusions

Myelin water content fraction ratio may offer a neural biomarker of myelin to identify potential responders to interventions targeting functional impairments in multiple sclerosis.
Risk factors for peritoneal dialysis–associated peritonitis
Authors: Wang Hongyue , Wang Xiangtuo , Dou Haichuan , Li Chenhao , Cui Mingji , Gu Chunmei , Yang Liming
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this study was to summarize the pathogens that cause peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis and to identify risk factors for PD-associated peritonitis. This retrospective study included 115 end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients receiving PD therapy. Patients were categorized into two groups: peritonitis group (n = 41) and non-peritonitis group (n = 74). Clinical data and laboratory tests were collected from medical records. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate associations between PD-associated peritonitis and potential risk factors. PD-associated peritonitis occurred 54 times in 41 patients. The most frequently identified pathogen was Gram-positive cocci (57.78%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that serum albumin (β = –0.208, P < 0.001), blood phosphorus concentration (β = –1.732, P = 0.001), gastrointestinal disorders (β = 1.624, P = 0.043), and use of calcitriol (β = –2.239, P = 0.048) were significantly correlated with PD-associated peritonitis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed that the areas under the curve were 0.832 for serum albumin and 0.700 for blood phosphorus concentration with optimal cut-off values of 29.1 g/L for serum albumin and 1.795 mmol/L for blood phosphorus concentration. Gram-positive coccus is the major pathogen responsible for PD-associated peritonitis. Serum albumin <29.1 g/L, blood phosphorus concentration <1.795 mmol/L, and intestinal disorders are risk factors for PD-associated peritonitis, whereas the use of calcitriol can reduce the risk of PD-associated peritonitis.
The Language of Pain: A Philosophical Study of BDSM
Authors: Airaksinen Timo
Published: April 2018

This philosophical article attempts to promote the recognition of the social world of BDSM in philosophical and tropological perspective. BDSM, and especially sadomasochism,﻿ is difficult to understand in its own, characteristic motivational perspective because such negative experiences as, say, pain and humiliation, indicate aversion rather than attraction. To cause pain to others is typically condemned. To cosset pain and suffering is said to be perverse. My main point is we that can better understand BDSM via its typical language and rhetoric, especially by paying attention to the key role of linguistic metonymy when we discuss the riddles of pain and pleasure. Also, this article discusses the various ways of talking about and potentially condemning BDSM by calling it a perversion or a paraphilic disorder. I conclude that, within some reasonable limits, BDSM is not vulnerable to the standard forms of criticism.
The Processes of Becoming a Caregiver Among Mexican-Origin Women: A Cultural Psychological Perspective
Authors: McDermott Elizabeth , Mendez-Luck Carolyn A.
Published: April 2018

This article describes thematic findings that emerged from an in-depth analysis of interview data collected from 44 informal caregivers in East Los Angeles, California. The research question addressed in this paper is “How do Mexican-origin women describe becoming oriented to or familiarized with the caregiving role and its associated responsibilities?” A cultural psychological perspective guided the study, which used a thematic analysis approach. Two main themes emerged from the data: (a) caregiving comes from within, and (b) caregiving is cultivated through early and continuous informal socialization. Women viewed caregiving as something that was unique to their character. Some women described having a natural ability or affinity for caregiving, and others described internal motivations for becoming caregivers. Adoption of the caregiver role occurred over time, often over the course of many years. The socialization process was gendered such that modeling behaviors and care expectations were directed at women in the family rather than men. Our findings suggest that the transition into the caregiving role is a complex process that can vary considerably across family and cultural contexts. The nature of caregiving motives and the timing of caregivers’ socialization to the caregiving role have implications for the caregiving experience and caregiver outcomes.
Health Promotion at the Construction Work Site: The Lunch Truck Pilot Study
Authors: Caban-Martinez Alberto J. , Moore Kevin J. , Clarke Tainya C. , Davila Evelyn P. , Clark John D. , Lee David J. , Fleming Lora E.
Published: April 2018

The transient nature of construction work makes it difficult to conduct longitudinal worksite-based health promotion activities. As part of a workplace health assessment pilot study, we worked with a commercial lunch truck company to disseminate four types of health education materials including cancer screening, workplace injury prevention, fruit and vegetable consumption, and smoking cessation to construction workers purchasing food items from the truck during their job breaks. Two weeks following the worksite assessment, we followed up with these workers to ascertain their use of the health promotion materials. Of the 54 workers surveyed, 83% reported reviewing and sharing the cancer screening materials with their families, whereas 44% discussed the cancer screening materials with coworkers. Similar proportions of workers reviewed, shared, and discussed the other health promotion materials with their family. Lunch trucks may be an effective strategy and delivery method for educating construction workers on healthy behaviors and injury prevention practices.
Good early results obtained with a guided-motion implant for total knee arthroplasty: a consecutive case series
Authors: Hommel Hagen
Published: April 2018

A bi-cruciate stabilized (BCS) guided-motion total knee arthroplasty (TKA) design was introduced to improve knee kinematics by more closely approximating those of a normal knee. Previous studies have shown a high incidence of complications with this implant type, which led to recent modifications of the design by the manufacturer. The current study was undertaken to assess whether the use of a guided-motion knee system with an extension-first surgical technique is associated with a similar rate of short-term adverse outcome as reported in literature. The secondary aim was to assess if there were any differences between the original and modified implant designs.

This retrospective study enrolled 204 consecutive patients (204 knees) undergoing TKA for osteoarthritis of the knee, with the first 154 receiving cemented Journey BCS I implants and the remaining 51 receiving cemented Journey BCS II implants when these became available. At follow-up, patients were tested for the presence of iliotibial friction syndrome (ITB-F) and midflexion instability. Knee score and function score were taken preoperatively, at one year, and at final follow-up. Outcome data between the two implant types were compared using the Mann-Whitney test.

No patients were lost to follow-up. Mean follow-up time for the cohort was 24.5 ± 7.8 months (range, 12 - 36 months). There were no cases of stiffness (flexion < 90°). Incidence of ITB-F syndrome was considered low: three (2.0%) knees in the BCS I group and two (3.9%) in the BCS II group (p = 0.367). Five (2.5%) knees presented with mild instability in midflexion, three (2.0%) in the BCS I group and two (3.9%) in the BCS II group (p = 0.367). One patient with a BCS I implant required reoperation for aseptic loosening 23 months postoperatively. At one-year follow-up, there were no significant differences in range of motion, knee score, or function score.

When used in combination with an extension-first surgical technique, good early functional results with an acceptable rate of complications were obtained with both the original and the updated Journey BCS knee implant. Long-term follow-up studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Change in mechanical axis alignment highly correlates with increased limb loading after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Hommel Hagen
Published: April 2018

Mechanical axis of the lower limb assessed in standing long-leg radiographs was demonstrated to change within the first three postoperative months after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The underlying mechanism including the influence of limb loading for the change in mechanical axis alignment after TKA has not been evaluated so far.

Mechanical axis of the lower limb and limb loading were evaluated in 115 patients 10 days and 12 weeks after TKA. Mechanical axis was measured in standing long-leg radiographs while limb loading was simultaneously assessed using a scale. Absolute and relative limb loading with their correlation to the mechanical axis were calculated.

Mechanical axis in patients with postoperative complete extension (n = 100) changed from an initial -0.82° ± 1.9° valgus alignment to a varus axis of +0.6° ± 1.5 (p < 0.01). This change in alignment was accompanied by an increased limb loading from 89.9% 10.7% to 93.0% 7.0% (p < 0.01). The mechanical axis highly/significantly correlated with relative limb loading in both measurements (r = 0.804, p < 0.001 respectively r = 0.562, p < 0.001). These alterations and distinctions were much more pronounced in patients with postoperative incomplete extension.

Mechanical axis of the leg significantly changes while limb loading increases within the first three postoperative months after TKA. The postoperative alignment highly correlates with the loading of the lower limb. Therefore, the actual mechanical axis can only be assessed at physiological limb loading in long-leg radiographs at complete extension with full weight bearing.
Long term results after transepiphysal ACL reconstruction in children and adolescent
Authors: Eberle Christian , Schopf Wolfgang , Ellermann Andree
Published: April 2018

The aim of our study was to review the long term clinical and radiological (MRI) outcomes of adult patients who underwent ACL reconstruction as children or adolescent with emphasize to the features of growth disturbance, angular deformity, meniscal and cartilage damage and revision rate

We retrospectively evaluated patient who underwent ACL reconstruction in our clinic with arthroscopic transepiphyseal technique using hamstrings graft in childhood or adolescence between the years 1997 and 2009. A total of 43 Patients were assessed. 25 male and 18 female. The average age at time of surgery was 13,5 years (8 - 16 y.), at time of assessement 22,4 years (18 - 30 y.) . The mean follow up was 10 years (4 - 16 years). The physical development of the patients was assessed with the Lysholm score and the Cincinnati Knee score scale, their satisfaction was recorded on the basis of the IKDC subjective knee evaluation form and the Tegner activity score . Leg deformity or leg length discrepancy was evaluated clinically by the observers. The instrumented Lachman test using KT1000 and manual Pivot shift test was performed to assess knee stability. MRI was used to detect graft integrity, cartilage and meniscal damages.

No significant leg deformities or leg length discrepancy had been detected. The average Lysholm score was 91 points (83 - 100), the Cincinnati Knee Score was 90,4 (79 - 100) points on average . The mean IKDC score was 92 points (82 -100). The Tegner-Activity-Score changed from preop 6,8 (2-10) to post op 5,8 (2-9). 2 Patient underwent revision ACL reconstruction due to rerupture (3 and 9 years post op). 2 Patients underwent meniscal surgery during follow up (1 resection and one refixation). KT1000 evaluation showed 67% excellent, 21% good and in 12% bad results. The MRI scan showed 42 intact grafts and one unverifiable graft. One patient with cartilage damage up to 3° (ICRS), 3 patients with meniscal degeneration up to grade 2. Each patient showed a free range of motion

Our data underlines that transepiphyseal ACL reconstruction in children and adolescent with hamstrings is a save procedure leading to good long term results without causing angular deformity or growth disturbance
“Meniscal extrusion in ultrasound as a new diagnostic tool for evaluation of medial meniscus function”
Authors: Diermeier Theresa , Achtnich Andrea , Imhoff Andreas B , Wörtler Klaus , Petersen Wolf
Published: April 2018

In MRI meniscal extrusion is normally described as pathologic finding and associated with a loss of function of the affected meniscus. We hypothesize that in healthy knees there is also physiological meniscal extrusion as a functional adjustment on various load bearing conditions. Therefore meniscal extrusion is described as the difference in extrusion between standing and lying position in ultrasound as a new diagnostic tool to evaluate the function of a meniscus.

We analysed voluntary test persons with non-symptomatic knee, no further malalignment and without any operation to the knee in the past. At the beginning each patient was clinical examined to exclude ligament instability and afterwards the extrusion of the medial meniscus was measured in ultrasound in standing, with 20° of flexion, and lying position. To compare these measurments with the current gold standard every patient also got an MRI examination from the knee. Medial meniscus extrusion was defined as the distance between external boundry of medial tibial plate and the external base of the pars intermedia of medial meniscus

At this time, 62 patients meet the inclusion criteria. In group I (25 persons, age 18-30 years) the average extrusion in lying position was 0,5 mm and 1,1 mm with full weight bearing. In group II (25 persons, age 31-50 years) the median extrusion in lying position was 1,1 mm and 1,8 mm with full weight bearing. In group III (25 persons, >50 years) the extrusion in lying position was 1,4 mm and 2,1 with full weight bearing. The determined meniscus extrusion of the medial meniscus in 62 healthy knees was 0.8 mm in the dynamic ultrasound examination.

Based on our results, there is a physiological functional medial meniscal extrusion in healthy knees as an adjustment reaction on various loadbearing conditions. Although the absolute meniscus extrusion is elevated in elderly people, the adjustment is similar compared to the younger groups. In contrast to MRI scans, ultrasound examination allows a dynamic examination of the meniscus with various load bearing conditions. Therefore ultrasound examination of the meniscus represents a useful tool to proof the function of a meniscus.
Primary anatomical repair of proximal acl ruptures with suture anchors: 1 year follow-up
Authors: Hennings Jan
Published: April 2018

ACL injuries are common. Going trough the literature, numerous studies show a healing potential for the repair of acl tears, histologically comparable to mcl healing. In this study, the postoperative follow-up after acl preservation was examined up to 1 year.

We performed a prospective clinical follow-up in 13 sportive patients (case series, no comparison group). Inclusion criterias were a proximal avulsion tear of the acl, patient age under 50 years and surgery within 6 weeks after trauma. In an arthroscopic procedure, the quality of the acl tissue was examined and judged if suitable for a repair. Concomitant injuries were treated at the same time. Using a suture passer, a Bunnell stitch was created with a nonabsorbable suture through the anteromedial bundel as through the posterolateral bundel. The footprint of the acl was prepared with an awl for liberation of stem cells. The bundels were reattached to the origins of the footprint with two absorbable suture anchors. No drain was used. The postoperative protocoll was as follows: partial weight bearing for 4 weeks and wearing a protective brace with a limitation for extension and flexion of 0-0-90° for 4 weeks. At week 5, the brace was unlocked and range of motion and weight bearing were gradually increased at the level of comfort. Patients were examined at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after surgery. The stability was tested with the KT 1000, the subjective outcome with the ACL-RSI and the clinical outcome using the Tegner activity score, the Lysholm score, the KOOS score and the IKDC objective form. X-rays were done after 3 and 12 months, a MRI after 6 months. Between months 4 and 6, patients returned to their previous level of sport.

All 13 patients have been included in the 1 year follow-up. No rerupture was seen. There have been no major complications, as minor complications we observed 2 effusions of the knee 7 days after surgery which were treated with aspiration. The patients presented the following outcomes after 1 year: the mean anterior translation difference in the KT 1000 was 0,85 mm; the median Tegner activity score was 6 (range from 5 to 9); the median Lysholm score 95,9; the median KOOS was 94,5. The IKDC was A in 9 of 13 patients, B in 3 and C in 1 patient. The ACL-RSI in the 6 week follow-up was 64,14%, indicating a high level of subjective stability and confidence. This score increased gradually to the 1 year follow-up (94,5%). X-rays showed no pathologic bone signal or tunnel widening. MRI showed appropriately positioned and continous ligaments with scar tissue and an irregular signal due to suture material.

In this study, the results 1 year after surgery with an anatomical repair of the acl are promising. Nearly all patients returned to their previous sports level, indicating healing potential for acl injuries. If patient selection is done carefully, this technique is a supplement in the treatment algorithm of acl injuries.
The Anterolateral Complex of the Knee
Authors: Herbst Elmar , Albers Marcio , Imhoff Andreas , Fu Freddie , Musahl Volker
Published: April 2018

The objective of this study was to clarify the layer-by-layer anatomy of the anterolateral complex of the knee.

Twenty fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees (age range 38 - 56 yrs.) without any history of knee injury or surgery were used for this dissection study. After skin and subcutaneous tissue removal, the ITB was incised in its most anterior part and reflected posteriorly followed by blunt dissection of its deeper layers. Subsequently, an incision was made between the ITB and the short head of the biceps muscle with consecutive evaluation of the insertion site of the biceps tendon and its extensions. Once the deep layers of the ITB were identified, the connections to the lateral intermuscular septum and Kaplan fibers were cut. The superficial ITB was then reflected distally in order to assess the geographical relationship between the superficial and deep ITB as well as the distal anteromedial aspect of the biceps muscle. Finally, the anterolateral capsule was incised to evaluate its connections to the surrounding anatomic structures.

The anterolateral aspect of the knee consists of three distinct layers. Superficially, the ITB with its insertion to Gerdy’s tubercle and extensions to the patella (iliopatellar band) was appreciated. Posterior reflection of the superficial ITB revealed a firm distinct connection of Kaplan fibers to the distal femoral metaphysis. The deep layer of the ITB runs from the Kaplan fibers in a distal direction and forms a functional arc. This arc is reinforced by the capsulo-osseous layer of the ITB, which originates from an area distal to the Kaplan fibers, the fascia of the lateral gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles. The distal half of the capsulo-osseous layer merges posteriorly with the fascia of the biceps muscle. The three layers of the ITB become confluent distally. Its insertion spanned from Gerdy’s tubercle to an area just posteriorly, with the capsulo-osseous layer forming the posterior part. The biceps muscle has fascial and aporoneurotical extensions, which insert to the proximal tibia together with the capsulo-osseous layer of the ITB. Layer 3 consists of the anterolateral capsule. In 7/20 (35%) specimens the mid-third capsular ligament was observed as a thickening within, but not separate from the anterolateral capsule.

The anterolateral complex of the knee consists of the ITB with its three layers, the functional arc formed by the fibers between the distal femoral metaphysis and Gerdy’s tubercle, and the anterolateral capsule. In 35% of specimens a capsular thickening (mid-third capsular ligament) was identified. Surgeons should consider the complex anatomy of this functional unit, i.e. the anterolateral complex, when considering lateral extra-articular procedures.
The difference between the medial and lateral posterior tibial slope is associated with greater internal tibial rotation
Authors: Herbst Elmar , Imhoff Andreas , Irrgang James , Anderst William , Fu Freddie
Published: April 2018

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of lateral and medial posterior tibial slope (PTS) and meniscal slope (PMS) on in-vivo anterior tibial translation (ATT) and internal tibial rotation (IR) during downhill running on the healthy contralateral knee twenty-four months after ACL reconstruction.

Forty-two individuals (twenty-six males; mean age 21.2 ± 6.9 years) who underwent unilateral ACL reconstruction were included in this study. Morphologic parameters were measured on 3 T magnetic resonance images (MRI) using the 3D DESS sequence on the ACL reconstructed and healthy contralateral knee. Lateral and medial PTS and PMS were measured according to the method described by Hudek et al. Briefly, the tibial shaft axis was determined by connecting the centroids of two circles fitting the tibial shaft on the central sagittal MRI slice. The PTS and PMS were determined by the angle between the tibial shaft axis and the line connecting the two most proximal anterior and posterior subchondral bone and meniscal points in the center of each joint compartment. Three-dimensional in-vivo kinematics data were acquired using dynamic stereo x-ray during downhill running (3.0 m/s, 10° slope) at 150 Hz twenty-four months after unilateral ACL reconstruction. A multiple regression analysis was performed (p < .05).

The lateral and medial PTS and PMS as well as the differences between the medial and lateral compartment slopes were not significantly related to ATT in the healthy contralateral knees twenty-four months after ACL reconstruction (p > .05). The lateral and medial PTS and PMS were not significantly related to peak internal tibial rotation (p > .05). However, the difference between the medial and lateral PTS as well as PMS was associated with greater internal tibial rotation (PTS: b=1.55, p < .001; PMS: b = .71, p = .02).

The most important finding of the present study is that the difference between the medial and lateral posterior tibial and meniscal slope are related to in-vivo internal tibial rotation during downhill running. ATT was not significantly influenced by the tibial bony and meniscal morphology. Taking into account the results of the present study, the difference between the medial and the lateral PTS and PMS may contribute to IR when an ACL injury occurs. However, the analyzed movement was a straight-ahead run without any cutting or pivoting maneuvers commonly related to ACL tears. In such motion patterns, the correlations may be even stronger compared to the results of this study.
A prospective multicentric analysis of patient data and functional tests of standard knee prosthesis compared to individualized knee prosthesis implantation (NexGen CR vs. ConforMIS iTotal CR)
Authors: Dirks Alena , Bergmann Martin , Mai Sabine , Müller David , Siebert Werner
Published: April 2018

Knee prosthesis have traditionally been developed using average knee morphologies. However, patient-specific knee implants are now available, which are designed on the basis of an individual patient anatomy with preoperative CT scan. The Aim of this study was a comprehensive comparison of patient reports and blinded functional tests between patients who received a conventional implant (OTS, Zimmer NexGen CR Flex) and patients with a patient-specific implant (CIM, ConforMIS iTotal).

121 patients with either a ConforMIS iTotal CR prosthesis (ConforMIS, Bedford USA, 60 patients) or a NexGen CR Flex prosthesis (Zimmer, Winterthur Switzerland, 61 patients) were prospectively recorded. Both patient group reveal no significant differences in BMI or age. However, patients in ConforMIS group were examined on an average of two months earlier than control group. The follow-up examinations were blinded and the collected data consist of the Knee Society Score (KSS) as well as functional tests consisting of an 8 m “walk” (WALK), a “Timed-Up-and-Go” (TUG) and the “Timed Up and Down Stairs” Test (TUDS). The “aggregated locomotor function (ALF) score” was then calculated based on the addition of the average times of the three function tests (ALF = WALK + TUG + TUDS). A 2-sample t-test was used to compare the functional tests between the CIM and OTS prosthesis groups.

The analysis of functional tests showed no significant difference between patients of both cohorts. Patients which received a ConforMIS prosthesis moved as quickly as patients with a conventional prosthesis (p> 0.05 each). In addition, the ALF values showed no significant difference between the two groups (21.2 s vs. 21.7 s, p = 0.67). Furthermore, also the KSS scores did not differ in the two cohorts.

The results of this blinded follow-up study demonstrates, that patients with individualized knee prosthesis had no benefit in functional activities of daily life (WALK, TUG and TUDS) in comparison to patients with conventional knee endoprosthesia. Additionally, this study revealed no evidence of improved patient satisfaction, pain relief or fulfillment of expectations as measured by the KSS.
Anatomical variation of the distal femur - a CT data analysis of 24,042 knees
Authors: Merz Cornelia , Steinert Andre , Kurtz Wiliam , Köck Franz Xaver , Beckmann Johannes
Published: April 2018

Based on a large quantity of CT data, variations in distal femoral geometry was examined and evaluated for TKA.

A retrospective study was performed on 24,042 data sets generated during the process of designing individual knee implants. Following parameters were recorded for the distal femur: Femoral absolute anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) extent, lateral and medial condyle and trochlea size, distal condylar offset (DCO) between lateral and medial condyle, and the difference between medial and lateral posterior condylar offset (PCO) measured in AP direction.

Variable patient geometry was found with analysis of the AP and ML extent. Approximately one-third of the patients would experience size conflicts of +/- 3 mm with standard arthroplasty systems. 62% of the knees had a DCO> 1 mm. 83% of the distal femur had a mediolateral difference in PCO> 2 mm, which corresponds to about 3° external rotation and does not correlate with the femoral size.

There is a distinct variability of femoral AP and ML extent as well as offsets / asymmetries. Medial and lateral PCOs are different and do not correlate with femoral size. This first results in mismatches between size of implant and individual knee anatomy and secondly in possible softtissue release and different femoral external rotations to adapt systems with fixed distal geometry to the individual situation.
Profiling Potential Plagiarizers: A Mastery Learning Instructional Technique to Enhance Competency
Authors: Rosol Sarah , Cyphert Dale
Published: April 2018

Despite university policies and classroom procedures designed to deter student plagiarism, upper-division students seemed to be violating the rules in growing numbers. Recent research suggested that student plagiarism results from a complex mix of factors, including a need for instruction, but offers little guidance regarding effective teaching methodologies. The authors developed and tested an instructional protocol and concluded that a mastery learning approach provides an effective method for reducing student plagiarism.
Functional outcomes in Hirschsprung disease patients after
transabdominal Soave and Duhamel procedures
Authors: Widyasari Amira , Pavitasari Winona Alda , Dwihantoro Andi , Gunadi
Published: April 2018

Background

Several pull-through procedures have been described for Hirschsprung
disease (HSCR) with varying functional outcomes. The voluntary bowel movement
(VBM) and the absence of soiling or constipation after pull-through remain the
most important markers of good outcome. We aimed to compare the functional
outcomes in HSCR patients following Soave and Duhamel procedures.

Methods

Krickenbeck classification was utilized to determine VBM, soiling
and constipation for patients who underwent Soave and Duhamel pull-through at Dr.
Sardjito Hospital, Indonesia from 2013 to 2016.

Results

Fifty-three patients were ascertained (Soave: 23 males and 2 females
vs. Duhamel: 22 males and 6 females, p = 0.26).
Ninety-three and 88% patients had a VBM following Duhamel and Soave pull-through,
respectively (p = 0.66). Constipation frequency
was significantly higher in Soave than Duhamel groups (24% vs. 4%; p = 0.04) with OR of 8.5 (95% CI = 1.0–76.7), whereas
soiling rate was similar between Duhamel (21%) and Soave (8%) groups (p = 0.26). Furthermore, the risk of constipation was
increased ~ 21.7-fold in female patients after Soave procedure and was almost
statistically significant (p = 0.05).

Conclusions

The constipation rate is higher in patients who underwent Soave than
Duhamel procedure, but the VBM and soiling frequencies are similar. The
constipation risk following Soave pull-through might be increased by the female
gender. Furthermore, a multicenter study with a larger sample of patients is
necessary to clarify and confirm our findings.
Isotopes in cultural heritage: present and future possibilities
Authors: Nord Anders G. , Billström Kjell
Published: April 2018

This paper is focused on methodology and scientific interpretations by use of isotopes in heritage science—what can be done today, and what may be accomplished in the near future? Generally, isotopic compositions could be used to set time constraints on processes and manufacturing of objects (e.g. the 14C technique). Furthermore, isotopic compositions (e.g. Sr and Pb isotopes) are useful for tracing the origin of a component or a metal. The concepts isotope and isotopic fractionation are explained, and the use of stable respectively radioactive isotopes is exemplified. Elements which today have a large potential in heritage research are reviewed, and some recent and less known applications from the literature are summarized. Useful types of mass spectrometers are briefly described, and the need for reliable standards as well as accurate measurements and corrections is stressed. In future, further chemical elements may be utilized for isotope studies in heritage science, and possible candidates are discussed. The paper may in particular be valuable to readers less acquainted with the use of isotopic measurements. The many examples from referenced papers and also results from the authors’ studies in this field may inspire imaginative and inquisitive scientists to try new applications utilizing isotope data in heritage science.
Impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on short‐term and long‐term outcomes of patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer undergoing resection: a propensity score analysis
Authors: Yao Wang , Meng Yuqi , Lu Mingjian , Fan Wenzhe , Huang Jinhua , Li Jiaping , Zhu Zhihua
Published: April 2018

Background

The association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the risk of esophageal cancer remains unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of T2DM on short‐term outcomes and long‐term survival in patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC).

Methods

The present retrospective study included 862 patients diagnosed with ESCC between January 2001 and December 2010. Among them, 280 patients had T2DM. A 1:1 propensity score‐matched cohort consisting of 280 patients with and 280 without T2DM was selected from the 862 patients. The associations between T2DM and clinicopathologic characteristics were assessed using the χ2 or Fisher's exact test. Survival of ESCC patients with and without T2DM was calculated by using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared by using the Cox regression model between the two groups.

Results

The occurrence rate of anastomotic leakage was significantly higher in patients with T2DM than in those without T2DM (P < 0.001). In the subgroup with weight loss rate ≤ 5.05%, ESCC patients with T2DM had a significant longer overall survival than did those without T2DM (P = 0.003), whereas in the subgroup with weight loss rate > 5.05%, the patients without T2DM showed a longer survival (P = 0.001). Univariate and multivariate analysis results showed that T2DM was not an independent prognostic factor for patient survival.

Conclusions

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is not an independent prognostic factor in patients with ESCC. However, the combination of T2DM with severe weight loss would be a predictor of poor prognosis.
Integrative analysis of gene expression profiles reveals specific signaling pathways associated with pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Jun , Tan Wenle , Peng Linna , Zhang Jialiang , Huang Xudong , Cui Qionghua , Zheng Jian , Tan Wen , Wu Chen , Lin Dongxin
Published: April 2018

Background

Pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a major health problem because conventional cancer treatments are relatively ineffective against it. Microarray studies have linked many genes to pancreatic cancer, but the available data have not been extensively mined for potential insights into PDAC. This study attempted to identify PDAC‐associated genes and signaling pathways based on six microarray‐based profiles of gene expression in pancreatic cancer deposited in the gene expression omnibus database.

Methods

Pathway network methods were used to analyze core pathways in six publicly available pancreatic cancer gene (GSE71989, GSE15471, GSE16515, GSE32676, GSE41368 and GSE28735) expression profiles. Genes potentially linked to PDAC were assessed for potential impact on survival time based on data in The Cancer Genome Atlas and International Cancer Genome Consortium databases, and the expression of one candidate gene (CKS2) and its association with survival was examined in 102 patients with PDAC from our hospital. Effects of CKS2 knockdown were explored in the PDAC cell lines BxPC‐3 and CFPAC‐1.

Results

The KEGG signaling pathway called “pathway in cancer” may play an important role in pancreatic cancer development and progression. Five genes (BIRC5, CKS2, ITGA3, ITGA6 and RALA) in this pathway were significantly associated with survival time in patients with PDAC. CKS2 was overexpressed in PDAC samples from our hospital, and higher CKS2 expression in these patients was associated with shorter survival time. CKS2 knockdown substantially inhibited PDAC cell proliferation in vitro.

Conclusions

Analysis integrating existing microarray datasets allowed identification of the “pathway in cancer” as an important signaling pathway in PDAC. This integrative approach may be powerful for identifying genes and pathways involved in cancer.
On the interpretation of ultrasonic laboratory measurements in anisotropic media
Authors: Kovalyshen Yevhen , Sarout Joel , Lebedev Maxim
Published: April 2018

There is an ongoing debate on whether laboratory ultrasonic measurements in anisotropic media yield phase or group velocities. The main problem here is that the size of the transducers used in the laboratory for ultrasonic measurements is comparable with the size of the rock sample or propagation distance. As a result, it is not clear how to interpret the measured traveltimes of ultrasonic waves. The main question is how to define an appropriate effective travel path, its length, and orientation. To answer this question, we look in detail at the full wavefront generated by a finite-size transducer using a specifically designed experimental setup, and a synthetic material (phenolic grade CE). We devise an algorithm for the interpretation of traveltimes measured in the laboratory with finite-size transducers arbitrarily oriented with respect to the symmetry planes of the material. To illustrate/validate the proposed algorithm, we designed a special testing program. The results of the experiments are presented and turn out to be in very good agreement with the analytical predictions on which we base our interpretation algorithm.
Seismic data conditioning and orthotropic rock-physics-based inversion of wide-azimuth P-wave seismic data for fracture and total organic carbon characterization in a north Kuwait unconventional reservoir
Authors: Kumar Rajive , Bansal Prashant , Al-Mal Bader S. , Dasgupta Sagnik , Sayers Colin , David Ng Peck Hwa , Walz Andy , Hannan Andrew , Gofer Edan , Wagner Chuck
Published: April 2018

Optimization of production from unconventional reservoirs requires estimates of reservoir properties such as porosity, total organic carbon (TOC) content, clay content, fluid saturation, and fracture intensity. The porosity and TOC content help to determine reservoir quality, and the natural fracture intensity provides information important for the completion strategy. Because shale reservoirs display intrinsic anisotropy due to layering and the partial alignment of clay minerals and kerogen with the bedding plane, the minimum acceptable representation of the anisotropy of naturally fractured shale-gas reservoirs is orthotropy, in which a set of vertical compliant fractures is embedded in a vertical transverse isotropic (VTI) background medium. Full-azimuth seismic data are required to characterize such reservoirs and to invert for the anisotropic elastic properties. Orthotropic inversion uses azimuthally sectored seismic data stacked according to the incident angle. Even for high-fold acquisition, this azimuth/angle grouping can result in low-fold angle stacks. Orthotropic amplitude-variation-with-offset-and-azimuth (AVOAz) inversion requires seismic preconditioning techniques that ensure proper primary amplitude preservation, noise attenuation, and data alignment, and a workflow implemented for the construction of an orthotropic rock-physics model. This model integrates well and core data to estimate reservoir properties using the results of the AVOAz inversion. The seismic inversion results include the P- and S-impedance and parameters quantifying the azimuthal anisotropy. The rock model assumes a VTI kerogen-rich layer, containing aligned vertical fractures, and it uses prestack orthotropic AVOAz inversion results to predict porosity, TOC, and fracture intensity.
Common-focus point-based target-oriented imaging approach for continuous seismic reservoir monitoring
Authors: Liu Hongwei , Al-Ali Mustafa Naser
Published: April 2018

The ideal approach for continuous reservoir monitoring allows generation of fast and accurate images to cope with the massive data sets acquired for such a task. Conventionally, rigorous depth-oriented velocity-estimation methods are performed to produce sufficiently accurate velocity models. Unlike the traditional way, the target-oriented imaging technology based on the common-focus point (CFP) theory can be an alternative for continuous reservoir monitoring. The solution is based on a robust data-driven iterative operator updating strategy without deriving a detailed velocity model. The same focusing operator is applied on successive 3D seismic data sets for the first time to generate efficient and accurate 4D target-oriented seismic stacked images from time-lapse field seismic data sets acquired in a [Formula: see text] injection project in Saudi Arabia. Using the focusing operator, target-oriented prestack angle domain common-image gathers (ADCIGs) could be derived to perform amplitude-versus-angle analysis. To preserve the amplitude information in the ADCIGs, an amplitude-balancing factor is applied by embedding a synthetic data set using the real acquisition geometry to remove the geometry imprint artifact. Applying the CFP-based target-oriented imaging to time-lapse data sets revealed changes at the reservoir level in the poststack and prestack time-lapse signals, which is consistent with the [Formula: see text] injection history and rock physics.
The Effect of Supraphysiological Estradiol on Pregnancy Outcomes Differs Between Women With PCOS and Ovulatory Women
Authors: Wei Daimin , Yu Yunhai , Sun Mei , Shi Yuhua , Sun Yun , Deng Xiaohui , Li Jing , Wang Ze , Zhao Shigang , Zhang Heping , Legro Richard S , Chen Zi-Jiang
Published: April 2018

Context

Supraphysiological estradiol exposure after ovarian stimulation may disrupt embryo implantation after fresh embryo transfer. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), who usually overrespond to ovarian stimulation, have a better live birth rate after frozen embryo transfer (FET) than after fresh embryo transfer; however, ovulatory women do not.

Objective

To evaluate whether the discrepancy in live birth rate after fresh embryo transfer vs FET between these two populations is due to the variation in ovarian response (i.e., peak estradiol level or oocyte number).

Design, Setting, Patients, Intervention(s), and Main Outcome Measure(s)

This was a secondary analysis of data from two multicenter randomized trials with similar study designs. A total of 1508 women with PCOS and 2157 ovulatory women were randomly assigned to undergo fresh or FET. The primary outcome was live birth.

Results

Compared with fresh embryo transfer, FET resulted in a higher live birth rate (51.9% vs 40.7%; OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.22 to 2.03) in PCOS women with peak estradiol level >3000pg/mL but not in those with estradiol level ≤3000 pg/mL. In women with PCOS who have ≥16 oocytes, FET yielded a higher live birth rate (54.8% vs 42.1%; OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.20 to 2.31), but this was not seen in those with <16 oocytes. In ovulatory women, pregnancy outcomes were similar after fresh embryo transfer and FET in all subgroups.

Conclusions

Supraphysiological estradiol after ovarian stimulation may adversely affect pregnancy outcomes in women with PCOS but not in ovulatory women.
Modulation of Inorganic Matrices for Functional Nanoarchitectures Fabrication: The Simultaneous Effect of Moisture and Temperature in the Preparation of Metakaolin Based Geopolymers
Authors: Fardjaoui Nor-El-Houda , Wicklein Bernd , Aranda Pilar , Sobrados Isabel , El Berrichi Fatima Zohra , Ruiz-Hitzky Eduardo
Published: April 2018

The concept of geopolymerization has usually been applied to develop structural materials endowed with mechanical properties and other characteristics of interest in building and related applications. With the aim to show the role of these inorganic polymers in the modulation of functional nanoarchitectures, this contribution introduces a study on the effect of simultaneously controlled humidity and temperature adopted in view to produce nanostructured geopolymers derived from metakaolin for functional applications. Geopolymer samples were prepared by dissolving high-quality metakaolin in water-glass solutions then cured and dried using well controlled humidity and temperature conditions for different aging times. Characterization of the resulting porous aluminosilicate materials was carried out by XRD, FTIR, NMR, thermal analyses (TG-DTA), FE-SEM and specific surface area (SBET) among other techniques. Chemical stability, mechanical properties and sorption ability have been investigated with the aim to further explore their potential functional applications. Incorporation of polymers, such as alginic acid, yields functional nanorachitectures that display ability for removal of heavy metal ions in solution (e.g. Cu2+).
Development of Local Analysis Technique of Electric Double Layer at Electrode Interfaces and Its Application to Ionic Liquid Interfaces
Authors: Fukui Ken-ichi
Published: April 2018

Local analyses of electrolyte/solid electrode interfaces at controlled electrode potentials are of fundamental importance to understanding the origin and properties of the electric double layer (EDL) at the interfaces, which is necessary for their application to electrochemical devices. This award account summarizes our recent achievements of such analyses by using the novel analytical tools of electrochemical frequency modulation AFM (EC-FM-AFM), which enables acquisition of information from the liquid molecules’ structuring as well as the atomic scale resolution of the solid side, both are often affected by the electrode potential. Potential and electrolyte dependent EDL structures at aqueous solution/graphite interfaces and strong substrate dependency on the structuring of interfacial ionic liquid are mainly discussed.
In Memoriam: Spyros I. Asdrachas (1933-2017)
Authors: Sfoini Alexandra
Published: April 2018

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Philhellenism and party politics in Victorian Britain: the Greek Committee of 1879–1881
Authors: Hionidis Pandeleimon
Published: April 2018

The Greek Committee, a body organised and run by Sir Charles Dilke, was publicly launched in May 1879 and functioned as a pressure group to advance Greek territorial claims during the various phases of the question concerning the rectification of the Greek frontier (1879-1881). The timing of the committee’s establishment, its membership and appeal to the British public, and the changes brought about in its operations by the change of government in 1880 form a case study of the interweaving of British party politics with philhellenism. In the late 1870s, British philhellenism, that is, interest in the affairs of modern Greece and the advocacy of the “Greek cause”, should be viewed within the framework of liberal and radical concerns for the formation of a “true English policy” in foreign affairs, based on the long-standing British interest in continental nationalities.
Review of: «ΜΑΧΗΤΕΣ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΙΑΣ» ΚΑΙ 1821, Η ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΕΠΑΝΑΣΤΑΣΗ ΣΤΗ ΔΙΕΘΝΙΚΗ ΤΗΣ ΔΙΑΣΤΑΣΗ, Αθήνα: Πεδίο 2016
Authors: Festas Michael
Published: April 2018

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CD8+ T-cell responses in vaccination: reconsidering targets and function in the context of chronic antigen stimulation
Authors: Cosma Gabriela , Eisenlohr Laurence
Published: April 2018

Cytotoxic CD8 T cells play important roles in eliminating infected and transformed cells. Owing to their potential for therapeutic applications, significant efforts are dedicated toward developing CD8 T cell–based vaccines. Thus far, CD8 T-cell vaccination strategies have had limited success therapeutically in contrast to those targeting antibody-based immunity. However, if the current challenges and gaps in the understanding of T-cell biology are overcome, the full potential of rational CD8 T-cell vaccine design might be realized. Here, we review recent progress in this direction, focusing on target selection and maintenance of function in the settings of chronic infections and cancers.