bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploration of Driver Posture Monitoring Using Pressure Sensors with Lower Resolution
Authors: Zhao Mingming , Beurier Georges , Wang Hongyan , Wang Xuguang
Published: May 2021

Pressure sensors are good candidates for measuring driver postural information, which is indicative for identifying driver’s intention and seating posture. However, monitoring systems based on pressure sensors must overcome the price barriers in order to be practically feasible. This study, therefore, was dedicated to explore the possibility of using pressure sensors with lower resolution for driver posture monitoring. We proposed pressure features including center of pressure, contact area proportion, and pressure ratios to recognize five typical trunk postures, two typical left foot postures, and three typical right foot postures. The features from lower-resolution mapping were compared with those from high-resolution Xsensor pressure mats on the backrest and seat pan. We applied five different supervised machine-learning techniques to recognize the postures of each body part and used leave-one-out cross-validation to evaluate their performance. A uniform sampling method was used to reduce number of pressure sensors, and five new layouts were tested by using the best classifier. Results showed that the random forest classifier outperformed the other classifiers with an average classification accuracy of 86% using the original pressure mats and 85% when only 8% of the pressure sensors were available. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using fewer pressure sensors for driver posture monitoring and suggests research directions for better sensor designs.
Recent Advancements in Enzyme-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassays
Authors: Calabria Donato , Calabretta Maria Maddalena , Zangheri Martina , Marchegiani Elisa , Trozzi Ilaria , Guardigli Massimo , Michelini Elisa , Di Nardo Fabio , Anfossi Laura , Baggiani Claudio , Mirasoli Mara
Published: May 2021

Paper-based lateral-flow immunoassays (LFIAs) have achieved considerable commercial success and their impact in diagnostics is continuously growing. LFIA results are often obtained by visualizing by the naked eye color changes in given areas, providing a qualitative information about the presence/absence of the target analyte in the sample. However, this platform has the potential to provide ultrasensitive quantitative analysis for several applications. Indeed, LFIA is based on well-established immunological techniques, which have known in the last year great advances due to the combination of highly sensitive tracers, innovative signal amplification strategies and last-generation instrumental detectors. All these available progresses can be applied also to the LFIA platform by adapting them to a portable and miniaturized format. This possibility opens countless strategies for definitively turning the LFIA technique into an ultrasensitive quantitative method. Among the different proposals for achieving this goal, the use of enzyme-based immunoassay is very well known and widespread for routine analysis and it can represent a valid approach for improving LFIA performances. Several examples have been recently reported in literature exploiting enzymes properties and features for obtaining significative advances in this field. In this review, we aim to provide a critical overview of the recent progresses in highly sensitive LFIA detection technologies, involving the exploitation of enzyme-based amplification strategies. The features and applications of the technologies, along with future developments and challenges, are also discussed.
Investigation of the Incorporation of Cerium Ions in MCVD-Silica Glass Preforms for Remote Optical Fiber Radiation Dosimetry
Authors: Cieslikiewicz-Bouet Monika , El Hamzaoui Hicham , Ouerdane Youcef , Mahiou Rachid , Chadeyron Geneviève , Bigot Laurent , Delplace-Baudelle Karen , Habert Rémi , Plus Stéphane , Cassez Andy , Bouwmans Géraud , Bouazaoui Mohamed , Morana Adriana , Boukenter Aziz , Girard Sylvain , Capoen Bruno
Published: May 2021

The incorporation of Ce3+ ions in silicate glasses is a crucial issue for luminescence-based sensing applications. In this article, we report on silica glass preforms doped with cerium ions fabricated by modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) under different atmospheres in order to favor the Ce3+ oxidation state. Structural analysis and photophysical investigations are performed on the obtained glass rods. The preform fabricated under reducing atmosphere presents the highest photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY). This preform drawn into a 125 µm-optical fiber, with a Ce-doped core diameter of about 40 µm, is characterized to confirm the presence of Ce3+ ions inside this optical fiber core. The fiber is then tested in an all-fibered X-ray dosimeter configuration. We demonstrate that this fiber allows the remote monitoring of the X-ray dose rate (flux) through a radioluminescence (RL) signal generated around 460 nm. The response dependence of RL versus dose rate exhibits a linear behavior over five decades, at least from 330 µGy(SiO2)/s up to 22.6 Gy(SiO2)/s. These results attest the potentialities of the MCVD-made Ce-doped material, obtained under reducing atmosphere, for real-time remote ionizing radiation dosimetry.
Piston Error Measurement for Segmented Telescopes with an Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Yue Dan , He Yihao , Li Yushuang
Published: May 2021

A piston error detection method is proposed based on the broadband intensity distribution on the image plane using a back-propagation (BP) artificial neural network. By setting a mask with a sparse circular clear multi-subaperture configuration in the exit pupil plane of a segmented telescope to fragment the pupil, the relation between the piston error of segments and amplitude of the modulation transfer function (MTF) sidelobes is strictly derived according to the Fourier optics principle. Then the BP artificial neural network is utilized to establish the mapping relation between them, where the amplitudes of the MTF sidelobes directly calculated from theoretical relationship and the introduced piston errors are used as inputs and outputs respectively to train the network. With the well trained-network, the piston errors are measured to a good precision using one in-focused broadband image without defocus division as input, and the capture range achieving the coherence length of the broadband light is available. Adequate simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method; the results show that the trained network has high measurement accuracy, wide detection range, quite good noise immunity and generalization ability. This method provides a feasible and easily implemented way to measure piston error and can simultaneously detect the multiple piston errors of the entire aperture of the segmented telescope.
Gamma Camera Imaging with Rotating Multi-Pinhole Collimator. A Monte Carlo Feasibility Study
Authors: Ilisie Victor , Moliner Laura , Morera Constantino , Nuyts Johan , Benlloch José María
Published: May 2021

In this work, we propose and analyze a new concept of gamma ray imaging that corresponds to a gamma camera with a mobile collimator, which can be used in vivo, during surgical interventions for oncological patients for localizing regions of interest such as tumors or ganglia. The benefits are a much higher sensitivity, better image quality and, consequently, a dose reduction for the patient and medical staff. This novel approach is a practical solution to the overlapping problem which is inherent to multi-pinhole gamma camera imaging and single photon emission computed tomography and which translates into artifacts and/or image truncation in the final reconstructed image. The key concept consists in introducing a relative motion between the collimator and the detector. Moreover, this design could also be incorporated into most commercially available gamma camera devices, without any excessive additional requirements. We use Monte Carlo simulations to assess the feasibility of such a device, analyze three possible designs and compare their sensitivity, resolution and uniformity. We propose a final design of a gamma camera with a high sensitivity ranging from 0.001 to 0.006 cps/Bq, and a high resolution of 0.5–1.0 cm (FWHM), for source-to-detector distances of 4–10 cm. Additionally, this planar gamma camera provides information about the depth of source (with approximate resolution of 1.5 cm) and excellent image uniformity.
Two-Dimensional Nanostructures for Electrochemical Biosensor
Authors: Khan Reem , Radoi Antonio , Rashid Sidra , Hayat Akhtar , Vasilescu Alina , Andreescu Silvana
Published: May 2021

Current advancements in the development of functional nanomaterials and precisely designed nanostructures have created new opportunities for the fabrication of practical biosensors for field analysis. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) nanomaterials provide unique hierarchical structures, high surface area, and layered configurations with multiple length scales and porosity, and the possibility to create functionalities for targeted recognition at their surface. Such hierarchical structures offer prospects to tune the characteristics of materials—e.g., the electronic properties, performance, and mechanical flexibility—and they provide additional functions such as structural color, organized morphological features, and the ability to recognize and respond to external stimuli. Combining these unique features of the different types of nanostructures and using them as support for bimolecular assemblies can provide biosensing platforms with targeted recognition and transduction properties, and increased robustness, sensitivity, and selectivity for detection of a variety of analytes that can positively impact many fields. Herein, we first provide an overview of the recently developed 2D nanostructures focusing on the characteristics that are most relevant for the design of practical biosensors. Then, we discuss the integration of these materials with bio-elements such as bacteriophages, antibodies, nucleic acids, enzymes, and proteins, and we provide examples of applications in the environmental, food, and clinical fields. We conclude with a discussion of the manufacturing challenges of these devices and opportunities for the future development and exploration of these nanomaterials to design field-deployable biosensors.
Visibility Enhancement and Fog Detection: Solutions Presented in Recent Scientific Papers with Potential for Application to Mobile Systems
Authors: Miclea Răzvan-Cătălin , Ungureanu Vlad-Ilie , Sandru Florin-Daniel , Silea Ioan
Published: May 2021

In mobile systems, fog, rain, snow, haze, and sun glare are natural phenomena that can be very dangerous for drivers. In addition to the visibility problem, the driver must face also the choice of speed while driving. The main effects of fog are a decrease in contrast and a fade of color. Rain and snow cause also high perturbation for the driver while glare caused by the sun or by other traffic participants can be very dangerous even for a short period. In the field of autonomous vehicles, visibility is of the utmost importance. To solve this problem, different researchers have approached and offered varied solutions and methods. It is useful to focus on what has been presented in the scientific literature over the past ten years relative to these concerns. This synthesis and technological evolution in the field of sensors, in the field of communications, in data processing, can be the basis of new possibilities for approaching the problems. This paper summarizes the methods and systems found and considered relevant, which estimate or even improve visibility in adverse weather conditions. Searching in the scientific literature, in the last few years, for the preoccupations of the researchers for avoiding the problems of the mobile systems caused by the environmental factors, we found that the fog phenomenon is the most dangerous. Our focus is on the fog phenomenon, and here, we present published research about methods based on image processing, optical power measurement, systems of sensors, etc.
Synchronization of Acoustic Signals for Steganographic Transmission
Authors: Wojtuń Jarosław , Piotrowski Zbigniew
Published: May 2021

Steganography is a technique that makes it possible to hide additional information (payload) in the original signal (cover work). This paper focuses on hiding information in a speech signal. One of the major problems with steganographic systems is ensuring synchronization. The paper presents four new and effective mechanisms that allow achievement of synchronization on the receiving side. Three of the developed methods of synchronization operate directly on the acoustic signal, while the fourth method works in the higher layer, analyzing the structure of the decoded steganographic data stream. The results of the research concerning both the evaluation of signal quality and the effectiveness of synchronization are presented. The signal quality was assessed based on both objective and subjective methods. The conducted research confirmed the effectiveness of the developed methods of synchronization during the transmission of steganographic data in the VHF radio link and in the VoIP channel.
Semantic Evidential Grid Mapping Using Monocular and Stereo Cameras
Authors: Richter Sven , Wang Yiqun , Beck Johannes , Wirges Sascha , Stiller Christoph
Published: May 2021

Accurately estimating the current state of local traffic scenes is one of the key problems in the development of software components for automated vehicles. In addition to details on free space and drivability, static and dynamic traffic participants and information on the semantics may also be included in the desired representation. Multi-layer grid maps allow the inclusion of all of this information in a common representation. However, most existing grid mapping approaches only process range sensor measurements such as Lidar and Radar and solely model occupancy without semantic states. In order to add sensor redundancy and diversity, it is desired to add vision-based sensor setups in a common grid map representation. In this work, we present a semantic evidential grid mapping pipeline, including estimates for eight semantic classes, that is designed for straightforward fusion with range sensor data. Unlike other publications, our representation explicitly models uncertainties in the evidential model. We present results of our grid mapping pipeline based on a monocular vision setup and a stereo vision setup. Our mapping results are accurate and dense mapping due to the incorporation of a disparity- or depth-based ground surface estimation in the inverse perspective mapping. We conclude this paper by providing a detailed quantitative evaluation based on real traffic scenarios in the KITTI odometry benchmark dataset and demonstrating the advantages compared to other semantic grid mapping approaches.
Force Distribution of a Novel Core-Reinforced Multilayered Mandibular Advancement Device
Authors: Ahn Hyo-Won , Lee Soo-Yeon , Yu Hobeen , Park Jin-Young , Kim Kyung-A , Kim Su-Jung
Published: May 2021

A mandibular advancement device (MAD) is a commonly used treatment modality for patients with mild-to-moderate obstructive sleep apnea. Although MADs have excellent therapeutic efficacy, dental side effects were observed with long-term use of MADs. The aim of this study was to analyze the force distribution on the entire dentition according to the materials and design of the MADs. Three types of MADs were applied: model 1 (single layer of polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG)), model 2 (double layer of PETG + thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)), and model 3 (core-reinforced multilayer). In the maxilla, regardless of the model, the incisors showed the lowest force distribution. In most tooth positions, the force distribution was lower in models 2 and 3 than in model 1. In the mandible, the mandibular second molar showed a significantly lower force in all models. The mandibular incisors, canines, and molars showed the highest force values in model 1 and the lowest values in model 3. Depending on the material and design of the device, the biomechanical effect on the dentition varies, and the core-reinforced multilayered MAD can reduce the force delivered to the dentition more effectively than the conventional single- or double-layer devices.
Pedestrian Detection in Blind Area and Motion Classification Based on Rush-Out Risk Using Micro-Doppler Radar
Authors: Hayashi Sora , Saho Kenshi , Isobe Daiki , Masugi Masao
Published: May 2021

Various remote sensing technologies have been applied in intelligent vehicles and robots for surrounding-environment recognition. However, these technologies experience difficulties in detecting pedestrians in blind areas and their motions, such as rush-out behaviors. To address this issue, we present a radar-based technique for the detection of pedestrians in blind areas and the classification of different risks of rush-out behaviors among detected pedestrians. We verify their ability to detect pedestrian motion in blind areas by conducting experiments in two environments with blind areas formed by outdoor cars and indoor walls. Then, the classification of motions with different risks of rush-out behaviors among pedestrians detected in the blind areas is demonstrated. We use the clustering method to accurately classify several types of behaviors with different rush-out risks in both environments.
Source Apportionment of Inorganic Solutes in Surface Waters of Lake Baikal Watershed
Authors: Semenov Mikhail Y. , Semenov Yuri M. , Silaev Anton V. , Begunova Larisa A.
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to obtain a detailed picture of the origin of the anthropogenic and natural inorganic solutes in the surface waters of the Lake Baikal watershed using limited data on solute sources. To reveal the origin of solutes, the chemical composition of water was considered as a mixture of solutes from different sources such as rocks and anthropogenic wastes. The end-member mixing approach (EMMA), based on the observation that the element ratios in water uncorrelated with one another are those that exhibit differences in values across the different types of rocks and anthropogenic wastes, was used for source apportionment. According to the results of correlation analysis, two tracers of sources of most abundant ions present in riverine waters were selected. The first tracer was the ratio of combined concentration of calcium and magnesium ions to concentration of potassium ion ((Ca2+ + Mg2+)/K+), and the second tracer was the ratio of sulfate and bicarbonate ion concentrations (SO42−/HCO3−). Using these tracers, three sources of main ions in water, such as sulfide-bearing silicate rocks, non-sulfide silicate rocks and carbonate rocks, were apportioned. The results of cluster analysis showed the possibility of using the ratios of strontium, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, and vanadium concentrations (Sr/Fe, Sr/Mn, Ni/V, Mo/V) as tracers of the trace element sources. The use of these tracers and the obtained data on sources of main ions showed the possibility of identifying the natural trace element sources and distinguishing between natural and anthropogenic trace element sources.
Small Bowel Obstruction Induced by Concurrent Postoperative Intra-Abdominal Adhesions and Small Bowel Fecal Materials in a Young Dog
Authors: Hyun Jae-Eun , Han Hyun-Jung
Published: May 2021

A 7-month-old neutered male poodle dog presented with general deterioration and gastrointestinal symptoms after two separate operations: a jejunotomy for small-intestinal foreign body removal and an exploratory laparotomy for diagnosis and treatment of the gastrointestinal symptoms that occurred 1 month after the first surgery. The dog was diagnosed as having small-bowel obstruction (SBO) due to intra-abdominal adhesions and small-bowel fecal material (SBFM) by using abdominal radiography, ultrasonography, computed tomography, and laparotomy. We removed the obstructive adhesive lesion and SBFM through enterotomies and applied an autologous peritoneal graft to the released jejunum to prevent re-adhesion. After the surgical intervention, the dog recovered quickly and was healthy at 1 year after the surgery without gastrointestinal signs. To our knowledge, this study is the first report of a successful treatment of SBO induced by postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions and SBFM after laparotomies in a dog.
Electric Truck Economic Feasibility Analysis
Authors: Vijayagopal Ram , Rousseau Aymeric
Published: May 2021

The technical feasibility of electrified powertrains has already been demonstrated through several simulation and prototyping efforts. The economic feasibility of advanced powertrains for trucks has not yet been fully analyzed as it depends on a very large number of parameters. There are several examples of battery or fuel-cell-powered trucks used by fleets, but most of these vehicles are either part of technical demonstrations or incentivized by government agencies. Wider acceptance of trucks with advanced electrified powertrains will be possible when they achieve performance and economic parity with conventional vehicles. This paper examines the sensitivity of total ownership cost (TCO) for medium and heavy-duty electric trucks with respect to battery and fuel costs. The results will help identify cost targets for battery packs for various types of trucks and will also highlight use cases where we are likely to see early adoption of these technologies.
Cooperation of Russia and Turkey in the energy sphere
Authors: Sechkin M.
Published: May 2021

The article examines the main areas of cooperation between Russia and Turkey in the energy sector, including the analysis of the joint projects "Turkish Stream" and the NPP "Akkuyu" and an assessment of their feasibility; identifi ed the main risks and possible consequences from the implementation of projects. Based on data on world energy, the share of energy resources in the global volume, the commodity structure of trade between Russia and Turkey, as well as their energy consumption, a forecast for the development of bilateral cooperation in this area in the short term is presented. It was revealed that under the infl uence of a number of factors (increased competition in the energy market, a drop in demand for them in Turkey recently; the orientation of the country’s foreign economic policy to the West, etc.), there is a slowdown in cooperation in the energy sector, including of the "Turkish Stream" project. It has been substantiated that promising directions for the development of cooperation in the energy sector are possible to implement the latest projects in the fuel and energy industry, including the construction of fuel and energy facilities, as well as to intensify cooperation on the "Turkish Stream" gas project with South-Eastern Europe.
Factors of competitiveness of LNG export projects
Authors: Emelyanov Vladislav Vyacheslavovich
Published: May 2021

As a result of the development of liquefaction, storage, transportation and regasification technologies, the attractiveness of LNG projects is steadily growing — in some cases, such projects are becoming more competitive than traditional pipeline solutions. The range of solutions for natural gas liquefaction projects is very wide, but low-tonnage LNG provides greater mobility and high speed of project implementation, cause of the usage of the simple low-efficiency technologies. Medium-capacity natural gas liquefaction plants can be built in environment where there are not enough resources to create a large-capacity project, and enable the usage of relatively small and remote fields, including off shore areas. For Russia, an important advantage of medium-tonnage technologies is that they can be developed in a relatively short time. The positive experience of government support for LNG exports in Canada is noteworthy. The government of this state strives to create conditions for environmentally responsible energy production and use, while ensuring the growth of the Canadian economy, as well as the availability of reliable and competitive energy sources and the protection of energy infrastructure. As for the portfolio of orders for Russian projects for natural gas liquefaction, for example, at present, in the Yamal-LNG project, Russian orders account for only 30 %, and the goal is at least 70 %. To achieve this goal, government support is required: concessional lending and tax incentives. For LNG production in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, with the support of the state Corporation Rosatom, a bench-testing base for import-substituting equipment is being created in the Nizhny Novgorod region. Government support for LNG projects should also include improving the regulatory framework. Russia is taking an important step towards developing its hydrocarbon reserves in the Arctic. Special attention should be paid to the measures of state support that are provided to exporters in the context of the pandemic, including in the field of LNG sales, in particular, ensuring sustainable lending to the real sector of the economy with the provision of state guarantees and subsidies.
Trade and economic indicators of BRICS countries in 2015–2020
Authors: Aksenov Ilya Antonovich
Published: May 2021

Ensuring stable economic growth of the countries of the BRICS integration group presupposes the intensifi cation of mutual foreign trade turnover. In the article, the author examines the evolution of approaches of the BRICS member countries to the development of mutual foreign trade, identifi es the factors infl uencing the growth of trade. Noteworthy is the common position of the BRICS countries on global trade policy, their support for the existing rules of the multilateral trading system with the central role of the WTO. The article is devoted to the refl ection and systematization of the peculiarities and identifi cation of the prospects for the development of trade and economic indicators of the BRICS countries. The role of China as a fundamental trading partner of the BRICS countries is determined. The role of bilateral cooperation between the BRICS countries and their role in the development of the integration group is refl ected. The prevailing trade positions in international trade of each of the BRICS countries are considered. The main priorities of the BRICS countries are identified and promising areas, sectors and markets that can form a synergistic eff ect and mutual benefits are reflected. The analysis of the growth rates and GDP growth of the BRICS countries is carried out. The potential, dynamics and commodity structure of mutual trade for the period from 2015 to 2019 is analyzed. Indicators of the level of economic development of the BRICS countries are reflected and compared with developed countries. It was stated that the current economic situation, both throughout the world and in the BRICS countries, negatively aff ects the international and intra-integration fl ows of goods and investments. To overcome negative global economic trends, recommendations have been formulated to improve the tools for market integration of the BRICS countries. and commodity structure of mutual trade for the period from 2015 to 2019 are analyzed.
Current trends in agricultural cooperation in Israel
Authors: Paptsov Andrey Gennadievich
Published: May 2021

Since the establishment of the independent state of Israel, the main emphasis in the agricultural sector has been placed on the development of agricultural cooperatives, while funds have been purposefully allocated for their creation. Cooperatives have gone through signifi cant milestones in their development. The liberalization of the world economic complex off ered its own tools for the development of the Israeli economy, proclaiming the primacy of market principles, which imply a sharp reduction in government interference in the activities of the cooperative system. Today, Israel’s modern, highly effi cient cooperatives continue to dominate agriculture. The transition from a de facto monopoly in the agricultural sector with the need, on the one hand, to diversify the structure of production and management, on the other, while deepening specialization in accordance with the emerging conjuncture of the domestic and international food markets, ensured their de facto dominant position in the hierarchy of producers in the agricultural sector, in to a large extent ensuring the satisfaction of the country’s needs for food. It should be emphasized that the experience of Israel in the development of agricultural cooperation can and should, after critical consideration, be used in the form of its individual aspects in domestic practice.
The Clinical Formulation Methodology for Neuropsychological Rehabilitation Intervention: The Comprehensive Model, the Cycle and the Flow Chart for the Rehabilitator's Reference
Authors: Loschiavo Alvares Fabricia Quintão , Wilson Barbara A.
Published: May 2021

Neuropsychological Rehabilitation (NR) is understood as a process of using a wide variety of strategies deliberately centered on one person, which should stimulate his/her development, or the use of available resources to obtain a good occupational performance. Concerning this point, the intervention must be understood broadly, considering people in their contexts, activities and relationships. In order to attend these principles, the key element for success in proposing an NR plan is the active use, by the rehabilitator, of a clinical formulation process (CF). Considering the infinity of possible influences on an individual's overall level of functioning, the formulation of factors is extremely useful to guide all the people involved, from the clinical team to the patient's family, in order to understand the current problems faced by the person, to delineate the intervention and to prospect for future steps.
A Hybrid Approach for Modelling and Optimization of Laser Cladding Process
Authors:   2MechanicalEngineering Department, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India, Tiwari Girijesh Kumar , Dubey Avanish Kumar , Siddiqui Anas Ahmad
Published: May 2021

To develop the hard surfaces of superalloys usually, laser surface modification is employed. Out of several laser surface modification techniques, the laser cladding process allows obtaining sound surface clads. Laser Cladding being a complex process depends on many input parameters. Knowledge of these input parameters during laser cladding is essential for the development of good clad. Artificial intelligence has proven to be a better tool for modeling processes having complex and non-linear behavior. A hybrid approach of any two individual methodologies may even perform better. In this paper, a coupled methodology of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for modeling and optimization of process parameters (laser power, scan velocity, and powder feed rate) for quality characteristics (aspect ratio) in laser claddingInconel-738 is proposed. First, an ANN model is trained, tested, and developed for aspect ratio. Then, the PSO technique is used for optimization utilizing a trained ANN model. The developed hybrid model shows the minor error of 5.13% of mean square error and 8.68% error in predicting aspect ratio
Designing and Analyzing the Brake Master Cylinder for an ATV vehicle
Authors:   Mechanical and Automation Engineering Department, Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology, Delhi India, Upadhyaya Shubham , Raj Divyam , Gupta Kaushal , Saini Rakesh Chander , Rana Ramakant , Lal Roop
Published: May 2021

A braking system is a means of converting momentum into heat energy by creating friction in the wheel brakes. The braking system which works with the help of hydraulic principles is known as hydraulic braking systems. The most frequently used system operates hydraulically, by pressure applied through a liquid. These are the foot-operated brakes that the driver normally uses to slow or stop the car. Our special interest in hydraulics is related to the actions in automotive systems that result from pressure applied to a liquid. This is called hydraulic pressure. Since the liquid is not compressible, it can transmit motion. A typical braking system includes two basic parts. These are the master cylinder with the brake pedal and the wheel brake mechanism. The other parts are the connecting tubing, or brake lines, and the supporting arrangements. The present paper is about designing of Twin master cylinder system for an all-terrain vehicle and doing a feasibility study of its strength using ANSYS. Our work is focused on reducing weight which is one of the factors to increase efficiency. Reduction in weight and space, due to its compactness. The twin Master cylinder system is a great advancement in the braking system for an ATV. 3-D CAD modeling is done using SOLIDWORKS 2017, whereas the analysis of its strength is done using ANSYS.
Optimal Selection of Cutting Fluid Using AHP and VIKOR
Authors:   2MechanicalEngineering Department, Al Falah University, Faridabad, India, Abbas Mohd , Parvez Mohd , Agarwal Narayan ,   Mechanical Engineering Department, Delhi Institute of Tool Engineering, Delhi, India, Katna Rahul
Published: May 2021

Cutting fluids are important elements of manufacturing industries and are used in large quantities. But its use poses a serious health issue to the surrounding people working in its atmosphere. Hence, the disposal should be only after neutralization thereby protecting worker and aquatic life. This leads to select an optimal alternative that is not only environmentally friendly but also safe for human beings and aquatic life. Further, it should also perform at par with the mineral oil-based cutting fluid. In the present research, a framework has been proposed to assist the decision-makers in the selection and evaluation of lubricant by the Analytical hierarchical process (AHP) and VIKOR method. In the proposed research three cutting fluids i.e. Neem oil with 5% emulsifier, Neem oil with 10% emulsifier, and a conventional mineral oil-based cutting fluid have been considered as alternatives. These have been evaluated on the basis of different significant parameters like the temperature at the tooltip, surface roughness, and tool wear. The basic aim of this paper is to present the logical selection process of a cutting fluid as well as to show that ranking or choice of cutting fluid may also change if the priority of the parameter is changed.
Design and Optimization of Suspension and Steering System of Efficycle – Human Powered Hybrid Tricycle
Authors:   Mechanical and Automation Engineering Department, Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology, Delhi India, Sharma Mishank , Saini Rakesh Chander , Rana Ramakant
Published: May 2021

Suspension is a system of tires, springs, shock absorbers, and linkages that connects a vehicle’s chassis to its wheels and allows relative motion between the two. Steering is a mechanism that provides a direction to the vehicle, it basically consists of gears, shaft, joints, steering column, steering wheel, and furthermore. The main objective of this paper is to design a system of suspension and steering for a three-wheeled human-electric hybrid trike. A system of directly actuated double wishbone suspension system is chosen for the front and a pushrod actuated 2-link trailing arm suspension system for the rear. The steering system used is a type of Single tie rod and drag link system. A knuckle-to-knuckle drag link provides continuity to the wheels and a tie rod to the bell crank provides steering rotation. This paper also talks about the single nut hub-shaft system which is being used in the front suspension system. Based on the research using various input parameters, the inboard and outboard suspension hardpoints are decided to maximize the tire contact patch at every vehicular motion (mainly during body roll). Forces and stresses are calculated with the help of Free Body Diagrams (FBD) and Multi-Body Dynamics (MBD) software LOTUS Shark. The paper discusses the calculations regarding the roll and ride rates and for the custom springs of specific stiffness used in front and rear shock absorbers and the variation of roll steer and bump steer on changing various parameters of the steering system. Key points also include the procedure of selections of various types of bearings, rod ends, and bolts. This paper also talks about laser-cut jigsaw uprights that are used in the front wheel assembly. The finite element method was used to analyze the designs using DS Solidworks and Ansys Workbench. Static structural and explicit dynamics analysis was performed on the wheel assembly components both individually and assembled
Investigating the Effects of Using Plastic Waste as Fine Aggregate in Self Compacting Concrete
Authors:   Delhi Technological University, Delhi-110042, India, Singh Ankur , Singh Ankita , Agrawal Disha
Published: May 2021

Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) has properties of low yield stress, high deformability, and good segregation resistance. It is defined as fresh concrete that flows under its own weight and does not require external vibration to undergo compaction. The aim of this was to study and find the viability of replacing sand (fine aggregate) partially with recycled plastic waste (PET). Different SCC mixes were prepared with a consistent water/cementitious ratio of 0.368 with 550 kg/m3 of paste volume. The plastic waste content was varied with 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5% by weight of sand and was designated as Fine plastic waste (FPW) and was considered as the experimental parameters. The mixes were tested against their workability properties as SCC mixes, regarding tests namely L-Box test height ratio, V-funnel flow time, and slump flow diameter. Cubic compressive strength was also measured against a 28-days curing period. The experimental results indicated that plastic in small percentages could be incorporated and can successfully partially replace fine aggregate in self-compacting concrete.
On the relationship between employees’ empowerment with competitive advantage and organizational agility mediated by organizational intelligence (Case study: employees in gas company of Hamadan)
Authors: SEIFOLLAHI Saeed , SHIRAZIAN Zahra
Published: May 2021

The present study was applied in terms of research objective and descriptive-survey research in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the study encompassed all employees of the Gas Company of Hamedan(N=400). According to Morgan’s Table, the sample size was estimated to be 196. Moreover, simple random sampling method was used in the present study to select the research samples, and questionnaires were used as the research instrument to collect the required data. Content validity methods and confirmatory factor analyses were also adopted to assess the research validity. According to the findings, factor analysis is suitable to detect the structure of the factor model. Cronbach's alpha was used to measure reliability. Structural equation modeling was performed by LISREL software to analyze the data. The findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between empowerment and competitive advantage as well as a positive and significant relationship between empowerment and organizational agility, and a positive and significant relationship between empowerment and organizational intelligence among employees in the Gas Company of Hamadan. Moreover, there was a positive and significant relationship between organizational intelligence and competitive advantage, a positive and significant relationship between organizational intelligence and organizational agility, and a positive and significant relationship between competitive advantage and organizational agility among employees in the Gas Company of Hamadan.
Rural tourism, an option for the reactivation of tourism in the post-COVID era in Nayarit
Authors: CARVAJAL-HERMOSILLO Wendy Guadalupe , RAMOS-GARCÍA Jeraar Atahualpa , HUERTA-GUZMÁN Micdalia Magdalena
Published: May 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has impacted society in general, one of the activities that has been strongly affected is tourism; which in recent years had presented a constant growth in both the number of visitors and income. However, restrictions on mobility stopped this growth. In addition to the above, the social implications that these restrictive actions have brought about are also palpable in different areas. Therefore, after the arrival of the “new normal”, tourism actors have begun to generate strategies to reactivate this phenomenon. In Nayarit, the interest in promoting the implementation of new routes to rural areas, which are based on the identification of both natural and cultural elements. Therefore, this communication presents an option for the design of a rural tourism route in the municipality of San Blas, Nayarit; for which it begins with the identification of the cultural and natural wealth of the territory in question.
Determinación de profundidad óptima para intercambiadores de calor tierra-aire en Saltillo, Coahuila
Authors: Molar-Orozco María Eugenia , Ríos-Arriola Juan , Bojorquez-Morales Gonzalo , Reyes-López Jaime Alonso
Published: May 2021

Saltillo Coahuila, due to the lack of an adequate architectural design, some homes do not meet the thermal environment conditions required during the winter period, it is estimated that 471,725 habitants are affected by temperatures until - 3.4°C, which causes morbidity problems, so that the need for the use of electromechanical air conditioning systems with electrical energy consumption of high economic and environmental cost arises. The objective of the work was to study the feasibility of applying a geothermal heat exchanger for home heating. Periodic variation of soil temperature at different depths was studied to determine the optimum by experimentally validated equations. An ideal depth of 3 m was determined due to a variation of 25 y 30% and lower excavation cost compared to depths of 6, 9 and 12 m.
La orientación emprendedora femenina en la industria textil y de la confección, en Moroleón, Guanajuato, México
Authors: Cárcamo-Solís María de Lourdes , Díaz-Zamudio Mayra Joceline , Arroyo-López María del Pilar
Published: May 2021

The research objective is to analyze how the role of women in management in SMEs in the textile and clothing sector (TCS), in the southern region of the state of Guanajuato, manifests itself in the five dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO). Methodologically this work is quantitative and explanatory, based on a model of structural equations estimated by using the information of a validated questionnaires applied to 103 women managers of the above-mentioned region, contributing to theoretically and empirically increament of the literature on the OE and promote it for a greater boost of business with female leaders who may contribute the socioeconomic development of the region. In conclusion, the women managers of the STC develop the five dimensions of the OE: innovation, by generating new models of garments and being at the forefront. Watering, by investing in raw materials or machinery. Proactivity because they are always looking for new ways to do the activities, they perform for the benefit of the business they lead and retain autonomy by making decisions that improve the performance of their business. Aggressive competitiveness by implementing new ways to conquer customers to excel compared to their competitors.
Evaluation of Social and Environmental Management as Stakeholders of USR in the Faculty of Administration Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Mexico
Authors: CERVANTES-AVILA Yazmin Guadalupe , MONTALVO-MORALES Jesús Alberto , GARCÍA-BERMÚDEZ Frida , SEGURA-LOZANO Xóchitl
Published: May 2021

It cannot be possible to form and unite the University that is required these days, without the people who interact within this institution having a sustainable way of thinking, one of the priority ways to achieve this goal is to manage the development of stakeholders of University Social Responsibility (USR). The Faculty of Administration Sciences (FAS) of the Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila has as its priority tasks to develop sustainable thinking through continuous improvement and the incessant search of areas of opportunity in these subjects. The objective of this work was to evaluate the degree of social and environmental management that exists in the FAC focusing on the actions that are carried out in a positive way and in those that must be worked to achieve an advance and development of these stakeholders of the (USR). The empirical research was based on the exploration of a sample that included 211 people who study and work in the FAS. The evaluation instrument incorporated questions that relate the interaction of the FAS with society and the local community and the development of plans, actions and knowledge related to the environmental management required by the University for the training of new types of professionals. For its evaluation, Contingency Tables and Exploratory Factor Analysis were used. The results demonstrate the existence of strategic planning, commitment and integration of social issues in the way the University operates and a linkage in the midst of work and commitment in the improvement of environmental aspects, all of this while there is no training, dissemination and technology innovation that promotes sustainable development in these matters.
Eficiencia energética dentro del sistema municipal de parques temáticos de Tijuana
Authors: Teón-Veg Argelia , Vargas-Gurrola Luis Eduardo , Montaño-Soto Myriam Tatiana , Balderas-López Silvia María
Published: May 2021

Morelos Park is part of the Municipal System of Tijuana Theme Parks (SIMPATT). Due to the multiple activities carried out for the community, as well as the lack of maintenance to the electrical installation, among other factors, the cost for electricity consumption is around $ 1,022,107.00 M.N. yearly. Objective: the purpose of this project is to carry out an energy efficiency study to obtain energy performance indicators (KPI) with which improvements for the rational and efficient use of energy can be proposed. Methodology: the project was worked with the collaboration of students in renewable energy engineering program internship. The study includes the following stages: 1) gathering energy data to determine the current state of electrical energy consumption; 2) analysis of the information obtained inorder to detect improvement areas; and 3) proposals for an efficient use of electrical energy. Contribution: with the development of this study, in addition to providing a viable economic benefit to the park administration, it contributes to the integration and application of tools and knowledge of future engineers in real environment situations.
Afectación de la calidad de agua de los pozos del campus Tecnológico de Cancún por mancha urbana
Authors: Torres-Rivero Ligia Adelayda
Published: May 2021

In order to develop a diagnosis of well water quality, the physical, chemical and bacteriological quality of groundwater was evaluated, with the aim of knowing how it affects the increase in the population that is limited by IT cancún Our primary objective was to determine quality indices of the well that supplies water to our campus facilities taking into account the temporality of the years in 2016-2017, comparing the physical parameters of the total content of dissolved solids were evaluated, conductivity, pH, hardness, salinity, chemicals, fats and oils, biological E Collí y Coliformes totales por el Método Quanty Try Colilert, los resultados indican las concentraciones de los iones analizados, la hidrogeología de la península de Yucatán de tipo cavernoso, con permeabilidad, por el agua residual, la lluvia se produce en un proceso de contaminación antropogénica, the physical components analysed gave a high value to the maximum permissible limits according to NOM-127-SSA1-1994 modified 2000, Suspended solids 1200 mg/L, hardness 950 ppm, fats and oils 65 mg/l, E. Coli was used the method of E. Colilert the Colilert Quanty to determine the most likely number of bacteria the result of the sample gives us >2419.6 NPM a high content of faecal contamination.