bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Work Engagement and Organizational Commitment: Proposing Research Agendas Through a Review of Empirical Literature
Authors: Kim Woocheol , Kim Jiyoung , Woo Heajung , Park Jiwon , Jo Junghyun , Park Sang-Hoon , Lim Se Yung
Published: September 2017

Work engagement and organizational commitment are among the most studied topics in a range of fields, including human resource development (HRD) and organization development (OD). The value of such work is evident in the direct influence of work engagement and organizational commitment on employee well-being and organizational performance. However, scholars have divergent perspectives on the relationship between these two concepts. While some studies have examined work engagement as a precursor to organizational commitment, others have investigated work engagement as an outcome of organizational commitment. Despite the contrasting perspectives, little research effort has been made to reconcile these differing views through the synthesis and analysis of the extant literature. Therefore, this study aims to examine the current state of engagement-commitment research and then to suggest HRD implications for research and practice based on a review of selected literature.
The association between aortic regurgitation and undetermined embolic infarction with aortic complex plaque
Authors: Kim Dae-Won , Cho Jung Sun , Cho Jae Yeong , Kim Kye Hun , Sun Byung Joo , Park Jae-Hyeong
Published: September 2017

Background

Retrograde embolism from the descending thoracic aorta is one possible cause of undetermined ischemic stroke. Significant aortic regurgitation can increase the amount of reversed flow in the thoracic aorta and thus is associated with an increased incidence of stroke.

Aims

This study aimed to examine the association between significant aortic regurgitation and undetermined embolic infarction with aortic complex plaques.

Methods

This study included 380 patients with undetermined embolic stroke who did not have abnormal flow such as atrial septal defect, patent foramen ovale determined by agitated saline bubble test, intracardiac thrombi on transesophageal echocardiography, atrial fibrillation, or small vessel stroke, cerebral artery, and carotid stenosis on the brain magnetic resonance imaging. The patients were divided into the complex aortic plaques group (n = 63), which was defined as having plaque with >4 mm in thickness, ulceration, or high mobility, and the no complex aortic plaques group (n = 317).

Results

Transesophageal echocardiography with a bubble study, brain MRI, and laboratory tests were performed for all subjects. Significant aortic regurgitation was more prevalent in patients with undetermined embolic stroke and complex aortic plaques than in patients without complex aortic plaques (adjusted OR = 4.981; 95% CI = 1.323–18.876, P = 0.028). In addition, the distribution of complex aortic plaques according to the severity of aortic regurgitation in patients with undetermined embolic stroke had a tendency toward the ascending thoracic aorta and proximal aortic arch.

Conclusions

Significant aortic regurgitation may affect undetermined embolic stroke in patients with complex aortic plaques.
Ski injury predictive analytics from massive ski lift transportation data
Authors: Delibašić Boris , Radovanović Sandro , Jovanović Miloš , Obradović Zoran , Suknović Milija
Published: September 2017

Ski injury research is traditionally studied on small-scale observational studies where risk factors from univariate and multivariate statistical models are extracted. In this article, a large-scale ski injury observational study was conducted by analyzing skier transportation data from six consecutive seasons. Logistic regression and chi-square automatic interaction detection decision tree models for ski injury predictions are proposed. While logistic regression assumes a linearly weighted dependency between the predictors and the response variable, chi-square automatic interaction detection assumes a non-linear and hierarchical dependency. Logistic regression also assumes a monotonic relationship between each predictor variable and the response variable, while chi-square automatic interaction detection does not require such an assumption. In this research, the chi-square automatic interaction detection decision tree model achieved a higher odds ratio and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in predicting ski injury. Both logistic regression and chi-square automatic interaction detection identified the daily time spent in the ski lift transportation system as the most important feature for ski injury prediction which provides solid evidence that ski injuries are early-failure events. Skiers who are at the highest risk of injury also exhibit higher lift switching behavior while performing faster runs and preferring ski slopes with higher vertical descents. The lowest injury risk is observed for skiers who spend more time in the ski lift transportation system and ski faster than the average population.
Wernicke’s encephalopathy
Authors: Liow Sue May
Published: September 2017

Wernicke’s encephalopathy occurs as a result of thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency. It was originally described by German neurologist Karl Wernicke in 1881 who observed the three cardinal features of Wernicke’s in two men with chronic alcoholism and a young woman who had ingested sulfuric acid and suffered prolonged episodes of vomiting. The three cardinal features are ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and confusion. It is largely undiagnosed, due to its vague presentation. Patients often present with confusion or altered mental status; a common presentation in those who might be intoxicated. The classic triad of symptoms described in textbooks is rarely seen. If not promptly or adequately treated Korsakoff’s syndrome, a late complication can develop, resulting in memory loss, confabulation and, ultimately, death.
Building a Community of Sociological Practice: Certifying Practitioners and Accrediting Programs
Authors: Lehnerer Melodye , Perlstadt Harry
Published: September 2017

Unlike psychology and economics, the discipline of sociology in the United States has not encouraged the training and practice of sociologists outside academia and scientific research enterprises. Certification and program accreditation attempt to return the discipline of sociology to its practice-oriented origins and build a professional community of practitioners. Individual practitioners may be certified as more than adequately trained and experienced, while teaching programs may be accredited as having the faculty, facilities, and curriculum necessary for a well-rounded education. This essay traces the growth of certification of sociologists by the Association for Applied and Clinical Sociology and the accreditation of training programs by the Commission on the Accreditation of Programs in Applied and Clinical Sociology in the United States.
Therapeutic application of contrast ultrasound in ST elevation myocardial infarction: Role in coronary thrombosis and microvascular obstruction
Authors: Slikkerveer Jeroen , Juffermans Lynda JM , van Royen Niels , Appelman Yolande , Porter Thomas R , Kamp Otto
Published: September 2017

In the past few decades, cardiac ultrasound has become a widely available, easy-to-use diagnostic tool in many scenarios in acute cardiac care. The introduction of microbubbles extended its diagnostic value. Not long thereafter, several investigators explored the therapeutic potential of contrast ultrasound on thrombus dissolution. Despite large improvements in therapeutic options, acute ST elevation myocardial infarction remains one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in the western world. The therapeutic effect of contrast ultrasound on thrombus dissolution might prove to be a new, effective treatment strategy in this group of patients. With the recent publication of human studies scrutinising the therapeutic options of ultrasound and microbubbles in ST elevation myocardial infarction, we have entered a new stage in this area of research. This therapeutic effect is based on biochemical effects both at macrovascular and microvascular levels, of which the exact working mechanisms remain to be elucidated in full. This review will give an up-to-date summary of our current knowledge of the therapeutic effects of contrast ultrasound and its potential application in the field of ST elevation myocardial infarction, along with its future developments.
The Natural History of Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy and the Rate of Hospitalization Following Spinal Cord Injury: An Updated Systematic Review
Authors: Tetreault Lindsay A. , Karadimas Spyridon , Wilson Jefferson R. , Arnold Paul M. , Kurpad Shekar , Dettori Joseph R. , Fehlings Michael G.
Published: September 2017

Study Method:

Systematic review (update).

Objective:

Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a degenerative spine disease and the most common cause of spinal cord dysfunction in adults worldwide. The objective of this study is to determine the natural history of DCM by updating the systematic review by Karadimas et al. The specific aims of this review were (1) to describe the natural history of DCM and (2) to determine potential risk factors of disease progression.

Method:

An updated search based on a previous protocol was conducted in PubMed and the Cochrane Collaboration library for studies published between November 2012 and February 15, 2015.

Results:

The updated search yielded 3 additional citations that met inclusion criteria and reported the incidence of spinal cord injury and severe disability in patients with DCM. Based on 2 retrospective cohort studies, the incidence rate of hospitalization for spinal cord injury is 13.9 per 1000 person-years in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy and 4.8 per 1000 person-years in patients with myelopathy secondary to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). In a third small prospective study, the risk of being wheelchair bound or bedridden was 66.7% in DCM patients with OPLL.

Conclusion:

The overall level of evidence for these estimated rates of hospitalization following spinal cord injury was rated as low.
A Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: Introduction, Rationale, and Scope
Authors: Fehlings Michael G. , Tetreault Lindsay A. , Riew K. Daniel , Middleton James W. , Wang Jeffrey C.
Published: September 2017

Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a progressive spine disease and the most common cause of spinal cord dysfunction in adults worldwide. Patients with DCM may present with common signs and symptoms of neurological dysfunction, such as paresthesia, abnormal gait, decreased hand dexterity, hyperreflexia, increased tone, and sensory dysfunction. Clinicians across several specialties encounter patients with DCM, including primary care physicians, rehabilitation specialists, therapists, rheumatologists, neurologists, and spinal surgeons. Currently, there are no guidelines that outline how to best manage patients with mild (defined as a modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) score of 15-17), moderate (mJOA = 12-14), or severe (mJOA ≤ 11) myelopathy, or nonmyelopathic patients with evidence of cord compression. This guideline provides evidence-based recommendations to specify appropriate treatment strategies for these populations. The intent of our recommendations is to (1) help identify patients at high risk of neurological deterioration, (2) define the role of nonoperative and operative management in each patient population, and (3) determine which patients are most likely to benefit from surgical intervention. The ultimate goal of these guidelines is to improve outcomes and reduce morbidity in patients with DCM by promoting standardization of care and encouraging clinicians to make evidence-informed decisions.
Can Extravasation Injury Cause Subcutaneous Compartment Syndrome of the Hand?
Authors: Wong Victor W. , Hanwright Philip J. , Manahan Michele A.
Published: September 2017

Background:

Compartment syndrome of the hand is a well-described phenomenon with potentially devastating consequences. Although numerous mechanisms have been proposed, the extravasation of peripheral intravenous (IV) fluids remains a relatively rare etiology.

Objective:

Surgical dogma mandates emergent decompressive fasciotomies in the presence of hand dysfunction and impending tissue loss from supraphysiologic compartment pressures. The role of the subcutaneous space in acute compartment syndrome remains unclear.

Methods:

In this report, we present a case of a dorsal hand IV extravasation leading to an acute compartment syndrome of the subcutaneous space.

Results:

An emergent skin-only incision was used for decompression, with immediate improvement in symptoms and no long-term adverse sequelae.

Discussion:

The subcutaneous space appears capable of sustaining supraphysiologic pressures that impair cutaneous perfusion. This closed anatomic space can be readily decompressed, resulting in rapid improvement in soft tissue perfusion. However, its role in contributing to acute compartment syndrome of the hand requires further research.

Conclusion:

We propose consideration of the subcutaneous space as a distinct hand compartment and advocate selective compartment release when prudent.
Loss of Arabidopsis p24 function affects ERD2 trafficking and Golgi structure, and activates the unfolded protein response
Authors: Pastor-Cantizano Noelia , Bernat-Silvestre Cesar , Marcote María Jesús , Aniento Fernando
Published: September 2017

The p24 family of proteins (also known as the TMED family) are key regulators of protein trafficking along the secretory pathway, but very little is known about their functions in plants. A quadruple loss-of-function mutant affecting the p24 genes from the δ-1 subclass of the p24δ subfamily (p24δ3δ4δ5δ6) showed alterations in the Golgi, suggesting that these p24 proteins play a role in the organization of the compartments of the early secretory pathway in Arabidopsis. Loss of p24δ-1 proteins also induced the accumulation of the K/HDEL receptor ERD2a (ER lumen protein-retaining receptor A) at the Golgi and increased secretion of BiP family proteins, ER chaperones containing an HDEL signal, probably due to an inhibition of COPI-dependent Golgi-to-ER transport of ERD2a and thus retrieval of K/HDEL ligands. Although the p24δ3δ4δ5δ6 mutant showed enhanced sensitivity to salt stress, it did not show obvious phenotypic alterations under standard growth conditions. Interestingly, this mutant showed a constitutive activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and the transcriptional upregulation of the COPII subunit gene SEC31A, which may help the plant to cope with the transport defects seen in the absence of p24 proteins.
MRI of suspected appendicitis during pregnancy: interradiologist agreement, indeterminate interpretation and the meaning of non-visualization of the appendix
Authors: Tsai Richard , Raptis Constantine , Fowler Kathryn J , Owen Joseph W , Mellnick Vincent M
Published: September 2017

Objective:

To determine the degree of interradiologist agreement between the MRI features of appendicitis during pregnancy, the outcomes associated with an indeterminate interpretation and the negative predictive value of non-visualization of the appendix.

Methods:

Our study was approved by the institutional review board at the Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri (WUStL) and was HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996)-compliant. The informed consent requirement was waived. Cases of suspected appendicitis during pregnancy evaluated using MRI were retrospectively identified using search queries. Scans were re-reviewed by two radiologists (7 and 9 years experience, respectively) to evaluate the interradiologist agreement of different MRI features of appendicitis during pregnancy (visualization of the appendix, appendiceal diameter, appendiceal wall thickening, periappendiceal fat stranding, fluid-filled appendix and periappendiceal fluid). The radiologists were blinded to patient outcome, patient intervention, laboratory data, demographic data and the original MRI reports. Clinical outcomes were documented by surgical pathology or clinical observation. Interradiologist agreement was analysed using Cohen’s κ, while patient demographic and clinical data was analysed using Student's t-testing.

Results:

233 females with suspected appendicitis during pregnancy were evaluated using MRI over a 13-year period (mean age, 28.4 years; range, 17–38 years). There were 14 (6%) positive examinations for appendicitis during pregnancy, including 1 patient whose MRI was interpreted as negative, proven by surgical pathology. The presence of periappendiceal soft-tissue stranding and the final overall impression had the most interradiologist agreement (к = 0.81–1). There were no pregnant patients found to have acute appendicitis who had an indeterminate MR interpretation or when the appendix could not be visualized.

Conclusion:

The final impression by the two retrospectively reviewing radiologists of MR examinations performed for suspected appendicitis during pregnancy had near-perfect agreement. In patients where the appendix could not be visualized or in patients that were interpreted as indeterminate, no patients had acute appendicitis.

Advances in knowledge:

MR impression for suspected appendicitis in the pregnant patient has high interradiologist agreement, and a non-visualized appendix or lack of inflammatory findings at the time of MR, reliably excludes surgical appendicitis.
Stereotactic/hypofractionated body radiation therapy as an effective treatment for lymph node metastases from colorectal cancer: an institutional retrospective analysis
Authors: Franzese Ciro , Fogliata Antonella , Comito Tiziana , Tozzi Angelo , Iftode Cristina , Clerici Elena , Franceschini Davide , Navarria Pierina , Ascolese Anna Maria , Di Brina Lucia , De Rose Fiorenza , D'Agostino Giuseppe R , Cozzi Luca , Scorsetti Marta
Published: September 2017

Objective:

The colorectal cancer (CRC) might present loco-regional recurrence, including lymph-node metastasis. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a non-invasive and well-tolerated ablative treatment. Aim of the present study is to evaluate efficacy and toxicity of SBRT with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in this setting.

Methods:

35 patients presenting a total of 47 nodal recurrences from CRC, treated with VMAT-SBRT from 2008 to 2015, were selected. About three fourth of the treatments delivered 45 Gy in 6 daily fractions. End-points were the detection of toxicities, overall survival (OS), local control (LC), disease progression free incidence (DPFI) and disease free survival (DFS). Tumour response was assessed according to the RECIST criteria.

Results:

Only Grade 1 and 2 toxicities were recorded. Median follow-up was 15 months (range 2–68). Local relapse was reported in 6 patients, regional relapse in 10 patients. Complete remission was reported in 20 cases (53%), partial remission in 14 (37%). Rates of LC at 1, 2 and 3 years were 85.3, 75.0 and 75.0%, respectively. At 1 year the actuarial OS was 100%, at 2 and 3 years was 81.4%. Median DFS was estimated in 16 months, with an incidence of 69.4, 33.3 and 19.4% at 1, 2 and 3 years, respectively.

Conclusion:

The use of the VMAT-SBRT in lymph-node recurrence of CRC could prevent severe complications and achieve satisfying rates of disease control.

Advances in knowledge:

The use of VMAT-SBRT is a viable approach for lymph-node recurrence of CRC.
Recent advances in hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Liere Victoria , Sandhu Gurkarminder , DeMorrow Sharon
Published: September 2017

Hepatic encephalopathy describes the array of neurological alterations that occur during acute liver failure or chronic liver injury. While key players in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy, such as increases in brain ammonia, alterations in neurosteroid levels, and neuroinflammation, have been identified, there is still a paucity in our knowledge of the precise pathogenic mechanism. This review gives a brief overview of our understanding of the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy and then summarizes the significant recent advances made in clinical and basic research contributing to our understanding, diagnosis, and possible treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. A literature search using the PubMed database was conducted in May 2017 using “hepatic encephalopathy” as a keyword, and selected manuscripts were limited to those research articles published since May 2014. While the authors acknowledge that many significant advances have been made in the understanding of hepatic encephalopathy prior to May 2014, we have limited the scope of this review to the previous three years only.
Gender differences in the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the Northeast of Thailand: A population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Summart Ueamporn , Thinkhamrop Bandit , Chamadol Nittaya , Khuntikeo Narong , Songthamwat Metha , Kim Christina Sunyoung
Published: September 2017

Background. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease. A large number of studies have strongly described larger proportions of men being afflicted with NAFLD than women; however, recent studies investigating the role of gender and NAFLD have exposed the contrary.

Methods. This cross-sectional study utilized data from the baseline survey of an ongoing cohort study called the Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), conducted in the northeastern region of Thailand between March 2013 and September 2015. Information regarding socio-demographic, including gender, was collected using a standardized self-administered questionnaire. NAFLD was diagnosed with ultrasonography by board-certified radiologists. A binomial regression was used for estimating the prevalence differences, odds ratios (OR) and the 95% confidence intervals (CI) of NAFLD between men and women.

Results. A total of 34,709 participants (27,073 females and 7,636 males) were recruited. The prevalence of NAFLD in women was 22.9% (95% CI: 22.5 to 23.5), whereas it was only 18.3% (95% CI: 17.4 to 19.2) in men. After adjusting for age and presence of diabetes mellitus and other underlying diseases, the prevalence was significantly higher in women, with adjusted prevalence difference of 4.2% (95% CI: 3.2 to 5.2) and adjusted OR of 1.3 (95% CI: 1.2 to 1.4). Women had a higher prevalence of NAFLD than men in all age groups and the largest difference was found in those aged 56-60 years (prevalence = 27.4% versus 21.2%; adjusted prevalence difference = 9.4%; 95% CI: 7.9 to 10.9; adjusted OR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.8 to 2.0).

Conclusion. NAFLD is more likely to affect women more than men, in particular, among the population 56-60 years of age, which is the post-menopausal transitional period. Therefore, post-menopausal women should be the target for interventions or further investigation for NAFLD.
Quenching autofluorescence in tissue immunofluorescence
Authors: Yang Jian , Yang Fengtang , Campos Lia S. , Mansfield William , Skelton Helen , Hooks Yvette , Liu Pentao
Published: September 2017

Background: Immunofluorescence (IF) is one of the most important techniques where fluorochromes conjugated to antibodies are used to detect specific proteins or antigens. In tissue sections, autofluorescence (AF) can lead to poor quality images that impair assessment. The placenta is a pivotal extra-embryonic organ in embryo development, where trophoblasts make up a large proportion of the cells. Teratoma formation is one of the critical assays for pluripotent stem cells.

Methods: We tested whether ultraviolet (UV), ammonia (NH3), copper (II) sulfate (CuSO4), Trypan Blue (TB), Sudan Black B (SB), TrueBlack™ Lipofusin Autofluorescence Quencher (TLAQ) and combinations of these treatments could reduce AF in paraffin and frozen sections of placenta and teratoma in FITC, Texas Red and Cy5.5 channels.

Results: We found that UV, NH3, TB and CuSO4 quenched AF to some extent in different tissue and filters, but increased AF in Texas Red or Cy5.5 channels in some cases. SB and TLQA exhibited the most consistent effects on decreasing AF, though TLQA reduced the overall IF signal in placenta sections. Not all combined treatments further reduced AF in both placenta and teratoma sections.

Conclusions: SB and TLAQ can effectively quench AF in placenta and teratoma IF.
Estimating the number of cases of podoconiosis in Ethiopia using geostatistical methods
Authors: Deribe Kebede , Cano Jorge , Giorgi Emanuele , Pigott David M. , Golding Nick , Pullan Rachel L. , Noor Abdisalan M. , Cromwell Elizabeth A. , Osgood‐Zimmerman Aaron , Enquselassie Fikre , Hailu Asrat , Murray Christopher J. L. , Newport Melanie J. , Brooker Simon J. , Hay Simon I. , Davey Gail
Published: September 2017

Background: In 2011, the World Health Organization recognized podoconiosis as one of the neglected tropical diseases. Nonetheless, the number of people with podoconiosis and the geographical distribution of the disease is poorly understood. Based on a nationwide mapping survey and geostatistical modelling, we predict the prevalence of podoconiosis and estimate the number of cases across Ethiopia.

Methods: We used nationwide data collected in Ethiopia between 2008 and 2013. Data were available for 141,238 individuals from 1,442 villages in 775 districts from all nine regional states and two city administrations. We developed a geostatistical model of podoconiosis prevalence among adults (individuals aged 15 years or above), by combining environmental factors. The number of people with podoconiosis was then estimated using a gridded map of adult population density for 2015.

Results: Podoconiosis is endemic in 345 districts in Ethiopia: 144 in Oromia, 128 in Southern Nations, Nationalities and People’s [SNNP], 64 in Amhara, 4 in Benishangul Gumuz, 4 in Tigray and 1 in Somali Regional State. Nationally, our estimates suggest that 1,537,963 adults (95% confidence intervals, 290,923-4,577,031 adults) were living with podoconiosis in 2015. Three regions (SNNP, Oromia and Amhara) contributed 99% of the cases. The highest proportion of individuals with podoconiosis resided in the SNNP (39%), while 32% and 29% of people with podoconiosis resided in Oromia and Amhara Regional States, respectively. Tigray and Benishangul Gumuz Regional States bore lower burdens, and in the remaining regions, podoconiosis was almost non-existent. 

Discussion: The estimates of podoconiosis cases presented here based upon the combination of currently available epidemiological data and a robust modelling approach clearly show that podoconiosis is highly endemic in Ethiopia. Given the presence of low cost prevention, and morbidity management and disability prevention services, it is our collective responsibility to scale-up interventions rapidly.
PATHOGENETIC FEATURES OF PHENOTYPES OF ASTHMA AT THE RESORT STAGE OF MEDICAL REHABILITATION
Authors: Дудченко Лейла , Dudchenko Leila , Беляева Светлана , Beliaeva Svetlana , Масликова Галина , Maslikova Galina , Ковальчук Станислав , Koval'chuk Stanislav , Савченко Валентин , Savchenko Valentin
Published: September 2017

The aim of the study is to describe pathogenetic features of phenotypes of asthma at a resort stage of medical rehabilitation. 300 patients with asthma who arrived on the Southern coast of the Crimea (Yalta) for medical rehabilitation were examined. As a result of the study 7 phenotypes of asthma at a resort stage of medical rehabilitation were distinguished. Asthma phenotypes created by the cluster analysis are pathological conditions of patients which were caused by different pathogenetic mechanisms. Each phenotype of asthma is characterized only by its peculiar pathogenetic features in the form of the manifestation of a different degree and relation of clinical changes and functional indices of airway obstruction, an allergic (eosinophilic) inflammation, a condition of physical working capacity and the quality of life taking into account the gender of patients, their body weight, an age of a disease debut and features of application of medications. The established pathogenetic mechanisms of each asthma phenotypes can be considered when individual programs of medical rehabilitation at the resort are formed
FEATURES OF THE IMMUNE STATUS OF PATIENTS IN THE ACUTE PERIOD OF ISCHEMIC STROKE
Authors: Молчанова Елена , Molchanova Elena , Решетникова Лариса , Reshetnikova Larisa
Published: September 2017

To study the immune status of patients in an acute period of ischemic stroke, a clinical and immunological observation of 45 patients was performed. At the 2nd day after the onset of the disease, an increase in the leukocyte count (p˂0.01) and a decrease in lymphocytes (p˂0.05), T-lymphocytes (CD3+) (p<0.01), T-helpers (CD4+) (p˂0.01) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CD8+) (p˂0.05) were observed. There was also a tendency to decrease the content of natural killers (NK cells, CD16+) and cells that express the receptors for IL-2 (CD25+) (p˃0.05). In the humoral immunity an increase in the number of B-lymphocytes (CD20+) (p˂0.05) and dysgammaglobulinaemia due to the tendency to hyperfunction IgA and IgM (p˃0.05) and an increase in IgG (p˂0.05) was observed. Deviation of the immune status of normal values was more pronounced with increasing severity of neurological symptoms and infarct size. With a moderate and severe stroke on the NIHSS scale and the infarct size of more than 15 mm, more pronounced lymphopenia (p˂0.05) was noted with a significant decrease in the T-lymphocyte (CD3+) (p˂0.05), T-lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4+; p˂0.05) and CD8+; p<0.005), as well as NK cells (CD16+) and cells expressing receptors for IL-2 (CD25+) (p˃0.05). Thus, these studies demonstrate the involvement of the immune system in a complex set of reactions involved in the development of cerebral accidents and suggest an increased susceptibility of these patients to the development of infectious complications. The lack of immune status changes against standard therapy requires an immune-corrective therapy (in case of violations of basic parameters of the immune system).
UROGENITAL MYCOPLASMA ROLE IN REPRODUCTIVE PATHOLOGIES
Authors: Островская Ольга , Ostrovskaya Olga , Власова Марина , Vlasova Marina , Кожарская Ольга , Kozharskaya Ol'ga , Супрун Стефания , Suprun Stefaniya
Published: September 2017

The objective of the research was to study genital mycoplasma contribution to the development of reproductive disorders. Mycoplasma detection rate in genital smears of pregnant women of Khabarovsk was studied by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Ureaplasma (urealyticum+parvum) was detected in 56.3% of cases; Mycoplasma hominis in 7.5% of cases, Mycoplasma genitalium in 0% of cases. Genital mycoplasmas were detected in chorionic and fetal tissue samples in early-term spontaneous miscarriage cases, suction biopsies in women with recurrent miscarriage, tissue samples in elective abortions, placental samples of women whose pregnancy ended in preterm delivery, and placental samples of women who gave birth to children at term. Ureaplasma (urealyticum+parvum) DNA was detected in 11.9%, 18.8%, 1.4%, 32.6%, and 25.0% of cases, respectively; Mycoplasma hominis DNA in 7.4%, 12.5%, 2.6%, 2.3%, and 0% of cases, respectively; Mycoplasma genitalium DNA in 5.2%, 6.3%, 1.4%, 2.3%, 0%, respectively. Genital mycoplasmas were detected in autopsy material of children who had died in neonatal and postnatal periods. Relationship between mycoplasma concentration in vaginal flora of pregnant women and preterm delivery was identified using real-time PCR. Mycoplasma detection rate in reproductive pathologies was found to be significantly higher than in control groups. The results of the study favor the view of etiopathogenetic role of mycoplasmas in development of complications and outcomes of pregnancy.
Object Nomination In Communicative Act. The Designation of Factuality
Authors: Шапошников Владимир , Shaposhnikov Vladimir
Published: September 2017

The semantic potential of word of high communicative significance and conceptual content, designation of a fact is revealed. This potential characterizes the existence and development of the lexeme. The semantic field formed in representing of factuality semantic field is ruled by nominative qualities of the fundamental unit. The changes are carried out in lexical-semantic and derivational processes. New phenomena of factual nomination in contemporary Russian language are described.
The External Environment For the Professional Development of the Maturing Personality
Authors: Гринев Г. , Grinev G. , Дремова Ю. , Dremova Yu.
Published: September 2017

The paradigms, characteristics, dynamics and information links of the external environment of maturing personality were considered. In the external environment three components were investigated: the social environment and its dynamics; business and business environment, their dynamics; the educational environment. The dynamics of social processes and management systems in modern organizations were studied. The positive and negative processes affecting the development of the personality were considered. The flowchart illustrating the considered issues was created. Research results are available for the reflection of changes in educational technology and content required for the individual’s professional development.
INTRODUCTION TERMS OF EASTERN GOAT’S RUE (GALEGA) INTO AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors: Хисматуллин Марсель , Khismatullin Marsel , Вафина Лилия , Vafina Liliya , Миннуллин Геннадий , Minnullin Gennadiy
Published: September 2017

The absence of early-maturing perennial grasses forces livestock producers to feed cattle 150-200 thousand hectares of winter rye on May 15-20, which could be saved for grain in case of widespread adoption of Galega, that is not inferior in terms of precocity. Most importantly, in market conditions it is necessary to cultivate long-used, self-renewing perennial agrocenoses in order to obtain products with a minimum prime cost. The study of the biological features of eastern goat's rue shows that it perfectly fits all of the above mentioned terms. Goat’s rue (Galega orientals) can become the leading fodder culture of Tatarstan for the following reasons: eastern goat’s rue, unlike all legumes of perennial grasses, has a unique ability of vegetative reproduction and the duration of its productive longevity increases to 12-15 years, so the costs of cultivation are reduced by 2-3 times, compared with the widely spread alfalfa seed; this culture is expedient for cultivation in remote shallow-contour fields, which significantly reduces the cost of annual distances of large-size combine harvesters and sowing complexes, the attention of large investors attracts its ability to grow early in the spring. For example, in our experiments it reached the slope ripeness on May 20-25 and outstripped alfalfa by sowing for precociousness for 15-20 days; the early ripeness of eastern goat’s rue makes it possible to preserve winter rye crops for grain traditionally used for green forage early in the spring; in contrast to alfalfa and clover meadow, in the preparation of hay and haylage, the leaves of the goat’s rue can not practically fall and feed corresponds to the highest class of nutrient content. The soil and climatic resources of the Republic of Tatarstan fully correspond to the conditions for the introduction of the eastern goat’s rue (Galega) into agricultural production on a large scale.
DEVELOPMENT AND JUSTIFICATION OF PARAMETERS OF THE CENTRIFUGAL INSTALLATION FOR THERMAL PROCESSING OF BOILER WASTES
Authors: Жданкин Георгий , Zhdankin Georgiy , Сторчевой Владимир , Storchevoy Vladimir , Новикова Галина , Novikova Galina
Published: September 2017

On the basis of the criterial equations, regression equations are obtained, that allow to evaluate the influence of technological parameters, electrophysical and physico-mechanical properties of non-food raw materials on the duration of heat treatment and disinfection of protein feed and to determine the rational operating conditions of a multimodular centrifugal microwave plant for heat treatment of non-food wastes of animal origin and separation of the liquid fraction.
SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL CLUSTER OF KAZAN STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY - THE WELCOME ENVIRONMENT OF LIFE AND PROFESSIONAL SELF-DETERMINATION FOR YOUNG TALENTS OF RURAL TERRITORIES
Authors: Нежметдинова Фарида , Nezhmetdinova Farida , Шагивалиев Ленар , Shagivaliev Lenar , Фассахова Гузель , Fassahova Guzel'
Published: September 2017

The article reviews and analyzes the positive experience of the scientific and educational cluster Kazan State Agrarian University. The scientific and educational cluster includes Tetyushsky, Menzelinsky agricultural technical schools, Alekseevsky, Apastovsky, Kukmorsky, Sabinsky, Sarmanovsky agrarian colleges, Lubyansky Forestry College. The main tasks of educational institutions, included in the scientific and educational cluster Kazan State Agrarian University, and the role of the basic enterprises within the cluster are identified. Particular attention is paid to the formation of a benevolent environment for the life and professional self-determination of young talents in rural areas on its basis, and mechanisms for its formation are proposed. The work experience of the Center for Pre-University Education and Employment of Graduates is reviewed and analyzed. The results of the analysis of information on the activities of the Center for the employment of graduates, the form of work are presented. The main directions, tasks that are aimed at solving problems of a qualitatively new level of agro-industrial production, are determined.
Discretization technology of abrasive disc operating surfaces with laser and hydro-abrasive jet
Authors: Гусев Владимир , Gusev Vladimir , Морозов Алексей , Morozov Aleksey
Published: September 2017

The well-known discrete abrasive discs are characterized by a high vibration level of the technological system that causes the geometrical characteristics degradation of surfaces ground, life and technological equipment decrease and tool quick wear. New methods of the high-frequency discretization of a cutting surface with the use of a laser beam and a hydro-abrasive jet and also designs of grinding tools decreasing a vibration level of the technological system are developed.

The processes of the high-frequency discretization of grinding discs are improved experimentally: the path of a high-concentrated energy flow motion is substantiated, the modes of hole cutting out in abrasive of a tool and a field of the application of a laser beam and a high-pressure hydro-abrasive jet are defined.
Ecology of plants
Authors: Березина Н. , Berezina N. , Афанасьева Наталья , Afanas'eva Natal'ya
Published: September 2017

The textbook covers the issues of interaction of plants, their populations and communities with the environment, as well as the factors which influence these processes. It reviews the foundations of the resistance of vegetation and the types of environmental heterogeneity of plants. The textbook is aimed at students studying ecology as part of various Bachelor’s programs (05.03.06 Ecology and Nature Management, 05.03.02 Geography, 06.03.01 Biology, 06.03.02 Soil Science) and Master’s programs (05.04.06 Ecology and Nature Management, 05.03.02 Geography, 06.04.01 Biology, 06.04.02 Soil Science).
The textbook may be included in the set of teaching materials for the following postgraduate programs: 05.06.01 Earth Sciences and 06.06.01 Biological Sciences.
The textbook may also be recommended for those working within the system of supplementary education, teachers, employees of environmental organizations and practitioners specializing in various fields who use the information about the plant life and the autotrophic ecosystems in their work.
ECG of the month
Authors: Richley Dave
Published: September 2017

Dave Richley presents an ECG for you to analyse
Recognising the signs and symptoms of Lyme disease
Authors: Pearson Sandra
Published: September 2017

Lyme disease, which is a tick-borne bacterial infection, is becoming increasingly common and early recognition depends on awareness of the risk factors and early symptoms. Prompt effective tick removal is key to primary prevention, and early antibiotic treatment is essential for improving treatment outcomes. Late-stage Lyme disease in the UK generally causes neurological problems, with relapsing remitting pain and fatigue, and may be associated with a significant degree of disability for both adults and children. Increased awareness, research to clarify the scale of the problem in the UK, and improved diagnostics and treatment are urgently needed.

Borreliosis is a bacterial zoonitic infection that is found mainly in the northern hemisphere. Its incidence is increasing, but it can be difficult to spot. Sandra Pearson advises on how to identify the early signs to ensure prompt treatment and avoid potential neurological problems
Obesity and cardiovascular risk factors: results of a unique approach to NHS health checks
Authors: Wilkinson Kate , Bryant Elizabeth Sarah , Heal Katrina
Published: September 2017

Using health check data gathered from a single London borough, Kate Wilkinson, Elizabeth Sarah Bryant and Katrina Heal evaluate risk factors in the population including obesity, cardiovascular disease and alcohol dependency

The aim of the study was to evaluate health check data from an inner London borough. Haringey have taken a unique approach to NHS health checks, pairing up with the Tottenham Hotspur Foundation (THF) to offer the health checks outside of traditional GP surgeries. Between March 2014 and July 2015, 3000 health checks were carried out by the THF community health check practitioner at 25 locations in the east of the Borough. The whole group data (n=2254) were analysed, comprising of 23.4% females (50.2±8.0 years) and 76.6% males (49.4±8.0 years). Alcohol consumption in males was significantly greater in the underweight compared to all other BMI groups. The underweight/normal BMI groups had significantly lower total cholesterol levels than the overweight/obese. Blood glucose levels were significantly lower in the underweight compared to overweight/obese. QRISK2 score was significantly lower in normal and underweight compared to overweight/obese males. Blood glucose levels and QRISK2 were significantly greater in the inactive/moderately inactive groups compared to the active groups. Interventions must be sought to address diet and activity in the borough, particularly in the 40–60-year-old age group. Females and the underweight should not be forgotten.
Clubfoot relapse: Does presentation differ based on age at initial relapse?
Authors: Mahan S. T. , Spencer S. A. , May C. J. , Prete V. I. , Kasser J. R.
Published: September 2017

Purpose

Treatment of idiopathic clubfoot with the Ponseti method is now standard, but predicting relapse can be difficult. Most experts recommend bracing to the age of four years, but this can be challenging for families, and may not be necessary in all patients. The purpose of this study is to compare patterns of bracing and age of relapse to help determine if predictable patterns exist.

Methods

The 70 patients with idiopathic clubfoot treated initially with the Ponseti technique who had relapse of their clubfoot were identified. Relapse was defined as a return to casting or surgery due to recurrent deformity. Data collected included demographics, treatment and brace adherence. Patients who sustained initial relapse before the age of two years were compared with those who sustained initial relapse after the age of two years.

Results

In total 56% (39/70) had their initial relapse prior to age two years while 44% (31/70) were after age two years. Of the patients who relapsed prior to the age of two years, 28% (11/39) were adherent with bracing while 72% were non-­adherent. For patients who initially relapsed after age two, 74% (23/31) were adherent with bracing while 26% were non-adherent (p < 0.001). Of those who had initial ­relapse ­prior to age two, a subsequent relapse was seen in 69% (27/39).

Conclusion

Patients with idiopathic clubfoot who experienced recurrence prior to age two years are significantly more likely to be non-adherent with bracing than those who sustain recurrence after age two. After initial relapse prior to age two, bracing adherence does not affect likelihood of subsequent recurrence.
Modifying the Electronic Health Record to Facilitate the Implementation and
Evaluation of a Bundled Care Program for Intensive Care Unit Delirium
Authors: Collinsworth Ashley W. , Masica Andrew L. , Priest Elisa L. , Berryman Candice D. , Kouznetsova Maria , Glorioso Oscar , Montgomery Donna
Published: September 2017

Context: Electronic health records (EHRs) have been promoted as a key driver of
improved patient care and outcomes and as an essential component of learning health
systems. However, to date, many EHRs are not optimized to support delivery of quality
and safety initiatives, particularly in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Delirium is a
common and severe problem for ICU patients that may be prevented or mitigated through
the use of evidence-based care processes (daily awakening and breathing trials, formal
delirium screening, and early mobility—collectively known as the “ABCDE bundle”). This
case study describes how an integrated health care delivery system modified its
inpatient EHR to accelerate the implementation and evaluation of ABCDE bundle deployment
as a safety and quality initiative.Case Description: In order to facilitate uptake of
the ABCDE bundle and measure delivery of the care processes within the bundle, we worked
with clinical and technical experts to create structured data fields for documentation
of bundle elements and to identify where these fields should be placed within the EHR to
streamline staff workflow. We created an “ABCDE” tab in the existing patient viewer that
allowed providers to easily identify which components of the bundle the patient had and
had not received. We examined the percentage of ABCDE bundle elements captured in these
structured data fields over time to track compliance with data entry procedures and to
improve documentation of care processes.Major Themes: Modifying the EHR to support ABCDE
bundle deployment was a complex and time-consuming process. We found that it was
critical to gain buy-in from senior leadership on the importance of the ABCDE bundle to
secure information technology (IT) resources, understand the different workflows of
members of multidisciplinary care teams, and obtain continuous feedback from staff on
the EHR revisions during the development cycle. We also observed that it was essential
to provide ongoing training to staff on proper use of the new EHR documentation fields.
Lastly, timely reporting on ABCDE bundle performance may be essential to improved
practice adoption and documentation of care processes.Conclusion: The creation of
learning health systems is contingent on an ability to modify EHRs to meet emerging care
delivery and quality improvement needs. Although this study focuses on the prevention
and mitigation of delirium in ICUs, our process for identifying key data elements and
making modifications to the EHR, as well as the lessons learned from the IT components
of this program, are generalizable to other health care settings and
conditions.