bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE GOSPEL TRADITION OF NUMBER SYMBOLISM IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY RUSSIAN POETRY
Authors: Mnich Ludmila
Published: March 2021

The article discusses the issues of studying and interpreting number symbolism in a literary work and characteristics of gospel number symbolism in the Christian context. In 20th-century Russian literature, the Christian tradition had a decisive impact on shaping the meaning of number symbolism. An important feature of the Christian symbolism of numbers is the correlation of number symbolism with two spheres, which can be designated as “positive” (sacral) and “negative” (sinful). The author proposes a methodology for interpreting number symbolism, which comprises three stages: 1) a description of the numbers in a literary text, 2) the correlation of these numbers with the tradition of number symbolism, 3) the interpretation of the meaning of number symbolism, which is an integral part of literary work. The article also distinguishes between two concepts — that of the number image and of the image of number, and substantiates the differences in interpretation of such images. Theoretical notions are supported by the interpretation of number symbolism in the poems of Boris Pasternak, Zinaida Gippius and Alexander Blok, where it is presented explicitly. Other images, motifs and concepts presented in the literary works augmented and added complexity to the tradition of gospel number symbolism in the poems of these authors.
CHURCH CALENDAR, GOSPEL AND LITURGICAL TEXT IN THE NOVEL THE RAW YOUTH AND A WRITER'S DIARY (1876) BY FYODOR DOSTOEVSKY
Authors: Fedorova Elena
Published: March 2021

F. M. Dostoevsky's novel The Raw Youth (1874-1875) and A Writer's Diary (1876) were created in the tradition of Christian calendar prose, which is aligned with sacred time. The two works are united by the idea of the religious transformation of personality, the salvation of the soul and unification around the Gospel Truth, the search for ideal foundations in the Russian people, and reflections on their purpose. Dostoevsky introduces Easter narratives into the novel and into A Writer's Diary in 1876: the story of Makar Dolgoruky about the merchant Skotoboinikov, the opera by Trishatov, the story The Peasant Marey. The plot and storyline motives of these works and the novel go back to the parable of the Prodigal Son and the Book of Job. They share the motives of suffering, redemption and resurrection. A Writer's Diary of 1876, which utilizes a system of references to the novel, starts from January and contains a reference to the celebration of the Nativity (the Christmas story The Beggar Boy at Christ's Christmas Tree, quotes from a Christmas worship service), and ends in December, at the beginning of advent. A Writer's Diary contains an appeal to Christmas and Easter as the most significant dates of the church calendar and the writer's personal biographical time. In the chapter More on a simple but tricky case (December), Dostoevsky recalls how he survived the December 22 execution on the Semyonovsky parade ground and a revival on Christmas Eve; in the Easter story The Peasant Marey (February), he tells the story of how he acquired faith in the Russian people in penal servitude during Easter. The author's position in the novel The Raw Youth and A Writer's Diary of 1876 can’t be comprehended without referring to the gospel and liturgical text. The Gospel parable of the Prodigal Son and the Book of Job, which are referenced in the novel and A Writer's Diary, are read in church before and during Great Lent.
Bienestar Social, Autoestima y Reconocimiento: Estudio Empírico sobre Crimen y Exclusión Basado en la Categoría de Menosprecio de Axel Honneth
Authors: Pepe Ferreira Clarissa , Moreno Jiménez María del Pilar , Martineli Massola Gustavo
Published: March 2021

Este trabajo estriba en un primer acercamiento empírico a la categoría de menosprecio de Axel Honneth, para quien la lucha por reconocimiento consiste en una negociación intersubjetiva con pretensiones de reivindicación identitaria. Según este autor, el reconocimiento desplaza la concepción de justicia desde su acepción tradicional de redistribución material hacia la noción de vida satisfactoria. Este artículo examinará especialmente la hipótesis de que el crimen, en su interconexión con la exclusión social, sería consecuencia de la negación de reconocimiento. Así, se armó un estudio cuantitativo con sujetos residentes en España, agrupados en presos (N = 117), personas en situación de riesgo social (N = 131) e individuos fuera de ambas condiciones (N = 294). Las variables utilizadas fueron autoestima, bienestar social subjetivo, fatalismo y autoeficacia.Los resultados de los análisis estadísticos sobre diferencias de medias entre grupos, correlaciones y regresiones múltiples indicaron la validez de la categoría de menosprecio de Honneth y confirmaron la hipótesis planteada.
 
Cómo citar este artículo: Pepe, C., Moreno-Jiménez, M., & Massola, G. (2021). Bienestar social, Autoestima y Reconocimiento: Estudio Empírico sobre Crimen y Exclusión Basado en la Categoría de Menosprecio de Axel Honneth. Revista Colombiana de Psicología, 30(1), 11-26. https://doi.org/10.1544/rcp.v30n1.80978
Oral Health Status After Orthodontic Treatment: a Retrospective Study
Authors: Telatar Gul Yildiz , Telatar Baris Can
Published: March 2021

Orthodontic appliances in the oral cavity may cause problems such as white spot lesions, dental plaque, periodontal disease and root resorption. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between orthodontic treatment and oral health parameters including visible dental plaque, gingival recession and white spot lesions (WSLs). A total of 170 patients (86 females, 84 males) were randomly selected to determine visible dental plaque, gingival recession and white spot lesions by using pre-treatment and post-treatment oral photographs. Except of previously extracted teeth, maxillary and mandibular incisors, canine, 1st and 2nd premolars and 1st molar were evaluated. There was a significant difference between the T0 (before treatment) and T1 (after treatment) groups in visible plaque (P< 0.001). The distribution of gingival recession frequencies according to Miller classification before treatment did not differ from the after treatment (P=.082). A statistically significant increase in the severity of WSL was detected between the two time points (P< 0.001). Males have been shown to have higher WSL incidence after treatment. In conclusion, the present study showed that visible dental plaque and white spot lesions significant increase after orthodontic treatment. Considering the relationship between oral health and orthodontic treatment, clinicians and patients should know the risks and take precautions.
Philosophy of the Bhagavad Gita: A Contemporary Introduction, by Keye Maitra
Authors: Anandakichenin Suganya
Published: March 2021

Philosophy of the Bhagavad Gita: A Contemporary Introduction, by Keye Maitra. London: Bloomsbury, 2018. 204 pp., £54 (hb), £17.09 (pb), £13.67 (eBook). ISBN: 978-1-35-004019-9 (hb), 978-1-35-004018-2 (pb), 978-1-35-004017-5 (eBook).
Eosinophil: A central player in modulating pathological complexity in asthma
Authors: Pritam Pulak , Manna Sanjeet , Sahu Abhishek , Sekhar Swain Shasank , Ramchandani Shankar , Bissoyi Sachidananda , Kumar Panda Manasa , Disco Sing Yengkhom , Kishore Mohanta Yugal , Kumar Behera Rajendra , Prasad Jit Bimal
Published: March 2021

Eosinophils are the major inflammatory cells which play a crucial role in the development of allergic and non-allergic asthma phenotypes. Eosinophilic asthma is the most heterogeneous phenotype where activated eosinophils are reported to be significantly associated with asthma severity. Activated eosinophils display an array of cell adhesion molecules that not only act as an activation marker, suitable for assessing severity, but also secrete several tissue factors, cytokines and chemokines which modulate the clinical severity. Eosinophil activations are also strictly associated with activation of other hetero cellular populations like neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, and platelets which culminate in the onset and progression of abnormal phenotypes such as bronchoconstriction, allergic response, fibrosis instigated by tissue inflammation, epithelial injury, and oxidative stress. During the activated state, eosinophils release several potent toxic signaling molecules such as major basic proteins, eosinophil peroxidase, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and lipid mediators, rendering tissue damage and subsequently leading to allergic manifestation. The tissue mediators render a more complex manifestation of a severe phenotype by activating prominent signaling cross-talk. Here, in the current review with the help of search engines of PubMed, Medline, etc, we have tried to shed light and explore some of the potent determinants regulating eosinophil activation leading to asthma phenotype.
NVSR 70-3: Comparability of Race-specific Mortality Data Based on 1977 Versus 1997 Reporting Standards
Authors: Heron Melonie
Published: March 2021

This report presents findings on the effects of fully implementing the Office of Management and Budget’s 1997 standards for collecting, tabulating, and reporting race and ethnicity in the National Vital Statistics System mortality data across all vital statistics reporting areas.
Targeting FBXO44/SUV39H1 elicits tumor cell-specific DNA replication stress and viral mimicry
Authors: Shen Jia Z. , Spruck Charles
Published: March 2021

Repetitive elements (REs) are normally transcriptionally silenced in somatic cells by repressive epigenetic modifications, which are thought to include DNA methylation and histone modifications such as deacetylation, H3K9me3, and H4K20me3. Although, it is unclear how RE silencing is maintained through DNA replication cycles in rapidly growing cancer cells. On the other hand, the reactivation of endogenous retroelements beyond a threshold level of tolerance in cancer cells, such as by treatment with DNA demethylating agents or HDAC or LSD1 inhibitors, can induce viral mimicry responses that augment certain cancer therapies, including immunotherapy. However, these agents can also affect normal cells presenting obvious side effects. Therefore, uncovering cancer cell-specific RE silencing mechanisms could provide a basis for the development of a new generation of cancer immunotherapy drugs. In our study (Shen et al. (2020), Cell, doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.042), through a high-content RNAi screen we identified FBXO44 as a key regulator of H3K9me3-mediated transcriptional silencing of REs in cancer cells. Inhibition of FBXO44 or its co-factor SUV39H1 stimulated antiviral pathways and interferon (IFN) signaling and induced replication stress and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in cancer cells, leading to restricted tumor growth and synergy with anti-PD-1 therapy (Figure 1).
AB0-incompatibility of mother and fetus: the role of anti-glycan alloantibodies in the hemolytic disease of newborns
Authors: Obukhova P. S. , Kachanov A. V. , Pozdnyakova N. A. , Ziganshina M. M.
Published: March 2021

The mother and fetus incompatibility due to Rh-factor, blood group or other blood factors can lead to hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDN). HDN is a clinical disease condition of the fetus and newborn as a result of hemolysis, when maternal IgG alloantibodies cross the placenta and destroy the red blood cells of the fetus and newborn. The child disease begins in utero and can dramatically increase immediately after birth. As a result, hyperbilirubinemia and anemia develop, that can lead to abortions, serious complications, or death of the neonates in the absence of proper therapy. The range of HDN has changed significantly now compared to previous decades. Half a century ago, HDN was considered an almost complete synonym of RhD-alloimmunization, and this was a frequent problem for newborns. By now due to the high effective of Rh-conflict prevention, immunological AB0-conflicts have become the most common cause of HDN. The review aimes to one of the main causes of jaundice and anemia in neonates at present, i.e. HDN due to immunological AB0-conflict of mother and newborn (AB0-HDN). The main participants of the AВ0- incompatibility mother and child are considered, namely A- and B-glycans, as well as the corresponding anti-glycan alloantibodies. Close attention is paid to the structure features of glycan alloantigens on the red blood cells of the fetus and adult. The possible correlation of the frequency and severity of HDN with the blood group of mother and child, as well as with the titer of maternal alloantibodies, has been considered. The influence of immunoglobulin G subclasses on the AB0-HDN development has been evaluated. In most cases, AB0-HDN appear when the mother has the blood group 0, and the fetus has the group A (subgroup A1) or the group B. Other rare incidences of AB0-incompatibility with severe course are occurred. As a whole the etiology of AB0-HDN is complex and the HDN severity is influenced by many factors. The authors have analyzed statistical data, as well as the prevalence of AB0-incompatibility and AB0-HDN in various regions of the world. Current approaches to the diagnosis of AB0-HDN are discussed in addition. By now the problems of AB0- HDN occurrence and developing of ways to overcome this disease remain relevant.
Сlinical case of focal alopecia in a child with atopy
Authors: Barilo A. A. , Smirnova S. V. , Olyanina I. M.
Published: March 2021

Alopecia areata is a common inflammatory immune-mediated disorder in which autoimmune response is triggered against hair follicles, thus leading to non-scarring hair loss on the scalp, face and other parts of the skin. Despite numerous studies concerning this issue, today there is no consensus on the etiology and pathogenesis of focal alopecia. In the literature, special attention is paid to association of focal alopecia with autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, type 1 diabetes, psoriasis, autoimmune thyroiditis, vitiligo. Recent studies have identified the association of focal alopecia with atopic diseases (allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis) and the early debut of severe forms of hair loss. The aim of this study was to present a clinical case of focal alopecia in an 8-year-old girl with atopic bronchial asthma and seasonal allergic rhinitis. As based on detection of eosinophilia in peripheral blood and a high concentration of total IgE in serum, one may assume that atopic alopecia is the cause of focal hair losses in a child with atopy. The patient underwent skin prick testing, in order to determine sensitization for food components, pollen and fungal allergens. As a result of skin testing, a hyperergic reaction (> 15 mm in diameter) to tree pollen was revealed, a positive response (6-9 mm) to oatmeal, a weakly positive reaction (3-5 mm) to whole chicken egg, carrots, tomato, apple, pear, pollen of meadow, cereal, weed grasses was also revealed. With regard of these allergological data, an individual diet was recommended with the elimination of causally significant allergens (including those eliciting weakly positive reactions), external treatment, i.e., topical calcineurin inhibitors administered for 1 month. One month later, an improvement of the pathological process was registered, and 6 months from the start of therapy, complete restoration of hair follicles was noted in the focus of alopecia. The patient was monitored for a year, no complaints of hair loss were noted. The positive effect of elimination against the background of the appropriate elimination diet with respect to causally significant allergens, was also noted when treating her for respiratory allergy, i.e., the patient did not have seasonal manifestations of hay fever over the next pollination period. This clinical case is demonstrated in order to draw special attention of dermatologists, allergologists, immunologists, general practitioners to the issues of focal alopecia in children against the background of typical allergic diseases.
Cytokine profile features in women with reproductive disorders exposed to excessive environmental contamination with hydroxybenzene
Authors: Kazakova O. A. , Dolgikh O. V.
Published: March 2021

Excessive activity of cytokines, as well as their deficiency, promote a regulatory imbalance of immune system, which may cause persistent inflammation and, as a consequence, loss of pregnancy. The purpose of our work was to study the role of cytokine expression in the development of endometriosis in women exposed to excessive environmental contamination with hydroxybenzene. The study involved 106 women of reproductive age, divided into 4 groups according to two criteria: the presence or absence of reproductive disorders (endometriosis), as well as levels of blood contamination with hydroxybenzene compared to the reference ranges. The groups of women were comparable in age, ethnicity, and social status. The level of phenol in blood was measured by gas chromatography, and the cytokine levels were determined by enzyme immunoassay. The use of parametric and nonparametric statistical criteria as well as adjustments for multiple Bonferoni comparisons, allowed us to establish significant differences between the groups, according to the levels of IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10. The expression of interleukin 8 (IL-8) in women with endometriosis was found to be significantly higher than in healthy ones. At the same time, the observed features of IL-8, interleukin 1β (IL-1β) expression correlate with the overproduction of interleukin 10 (IL-10) associated with excessive contamination of bio-environments with hydroxybenzene. The results of using non-parametric correlation analysis of the Spearman data revealed a positive correlation between IL-10 production and hydroxybenzene levels in the blood, as well as inverse relationship between IL-10 and IL-8 expression. Thus, evidence has been obtained of the involvement of exogenous estrogen hydroxybenzene in development of reproductive disorders, probably, formed under active participation of increased anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine, which, by antagonism to proinflammatory mediators (e.g., IL-8), seems to promote apparent transition from acute phase of endometriosis to chronic disorder, thus reducing the reproductive potential of women. It is known that IL-8 expression significantly correlates with development of endometriosis, but excessive phenol exposure may increase the anti-inflammatory IL-10 expression, thereby suppressing the activity of IL-8. Suppressed activity of proinflammatory cytokines by phenol may lead to chronic inflammation and impaired reproductive functions.
A herd immunity to measles and rubella viruses in the population of the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Bichurina M. A. , Filipovic-Vignjevic S. , Antipova A. Yu. , Bancevic M. , Lavrentieva I. N.
Published: March 2021

According to the WHO Strategic Plan, measles should be eradicated in 2020 in the five WHO Regions including European Region. However, large measles outbreaks are being periodically registered in diverse European countries. In the Republic of Serbia (SRB), 5,076 measles cases were detected in 2018, among which 15 cases were fatal.Aim of the study was to examine herd immunity to measles and rubella viruses in the population of the Republic of Serbia.Materials and methods. Blood serum samples obtained in 2018 and 2019 from conditionally healthy residents of the Republic of Serbia were tested for the presence of IgG antibodies to measles and rubella viruses in five age groups: I — children from 2 to 6 years old, II — children from 8 to 14 years old, III — 15 to 24 years old, IV — 25 to 49 years old and V — over 50 years old. A total of 1000 samples were obtained, 200 sera in each group. Enzygnost® Anti-Measles virus/IgG and Enzygnost® Anti-Rubella virus/IgG ELISA test systems (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Products GmbH, Germany) were used according to the manufacturer's instructions.Results. Overall, around 23.0% and 33.7% of the surveyed persons had no or low level of anti-measles IgG antibody (≥ 275.0 — ≤ 1000.0 IU/1). In age group I, 60% children contained no or “low” anti-measles antibodies titer (29.5% and 30.5%, respectively). In addition, low antibody titer level was mainly detected in individuals from age group II and III (p 0.05). A third of children under 8—14 contained high IgG-antibodies titer against measles ( 3000.0 IU/l) that might serve as an evidence that such subjects recently recovered after measles. Similar results were obtained for IgG antibodies to rubella in the same age groups.Discussion. The study results evidence about altered routine immunization against measles and rubella in children aged 12—15 months (first vaccination) and those at age of 6—7 years (revaccination) with MMR vaccine. The data obtained correlate with official data on coverage with measles and rubella vaccines in the Republic of Serbia.
New data on the level of immune stratum against Q fever agent in population of the of Republic of Guinea
Authors: Naydenova E. V. , Kalivogui S. , Kartashov M. Yu. , Boyko A. V. , Boumbaly S. , Safronov V. A. , Zakharov K. S. , Nassour A. A. , Drame F. , Konstantinov O. K. , Magassouba N. F. , Boiro M. A. , Scherbakova S. А. , Kutyrev V.
Published: March 2021

which is bacteria of the species Coxiella burnetii. One of the factors showing the possibility of pathogen circulation in a certain territory is assessed by the presence of an immune stratum in the inhabitants of the region. In the 1980s, the study of the immune structure of the population of the Republic of Guinea in relation to coxiellosis has begun. The present study, carried out in 2015—2019, has been aimed to obtain new information about the immune stratum of the population of the Republic of Guinea against the causative agent of Q fever and to compare it with previous studies. Specific IgG antibodies in the blood of the Guinea residents were detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a set of reagents manufactured at the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute (St. Petersburg, Russian Federation). The serum samples were tested in at 1:100 dilution. Antibodies against C. burnetii were detected in 124/2346 (5.3% [CI 4.5-6.3]) samples. This study confirms the previously obtained data on the circulation of the causative agent of coxiellosis in all landscape and geographical zones of the Republic of Guinea. The natural and climatic conditions of the region, the variety of ixodic tick species currently inhabiting this territory being a reservoir and vector of infection, as well as a large amount of livestock are the factors for active circulation of the Q fever pathogen and the emergence of related disease outbreaks. The data obtained necessitate continuing further studies on distribution of C. burnetii in the territory of the Republic of Guinea. Taking into consideration the epidemiological significance of Q fever, a pressing task is to study a proportion of this infectious disease in the overall structure of diseases registered in the territory of the Republic of Guinea. It is also necessary to conduct regular epizootological monitoring in order to clarify the types of carriers and vectors of C. burnetii in different landscape and geographical zones of the Republic of Guinea as well as to assess the immune stratum against the pathogen in large and small cattle being the main sources of infection for humans. The data obtained will allow us to determine presence of a natural focus of this infection as well as its borders and develop a set of preventive (anti-epidemic) measures.
Effects of experimental protein-containing pneumococcal preparations on maturation of murine dendritic cells
Authors: Akhmatova N. K. , Gruber I. M. , Kukina O. M. , Akhmatova E. N. , Makarenkova I. D. , Stolpnikova V. A. , Kalinichenko E. O. , Bisheva I. A. , Skhodova S. A.
Published: March 2021

Dendritic cells as the most active and highly specialized antigen presenting cells, play a key role in initiating immune responses. Currently, generation of medications activating dendritic cells for development of anti-infective and anticancer vaccines is of highly relevance. Preparations of microbial origin are promising to augment activity of dendritic cells, because they carry innate immune ligands for Toll-like receptors. Such preparations include experimental protein-containing pneumococcal preparations, obtained from acetone-inactivated microbial mass of the deposited S. pneumoniae 6B vaccine strain No. 296, followed by aqueous extraction and separation of 30—100 kDa fraction. Dendritic cells were obtained from bone marrow cells of CBA mice (n = 15), and cultured in complete growth medium RPMI-1640 added with recombinant GM-CSF and IL-4 (Biosource, USA). On day 6, experimental protein-containing pneumococcal preparations (50 pl/ml) were administered to the cultured immature dendritic cells. Commercial TNFa (20 ng/ml, Biosource, USA) was used as a standard maturation inducer (positive control). Immunophenotyping of dendritic cells was conducted by using flow cytometry with FITC- and PE-labeled monoclonal antibodies against cell surface receptors: CD34, CD38, CD83, CD86, CD80, CD11c, MHC II, CD14, CD282 (TLR2), CD284 (TLR4), (eBioscience, USA). Studying an effect of preparations on maturation of dendritic cells revealed that morphological characteristics of dendritic cells generated by using experimental protein-containing preparations did not differ significantly between each other as well as those induced by TNFα. The cells were characterized by large sizes, oval or irregular shape, veiled cytoplasm, eccentrically located nucleus and numerous long thin protrusions. Experimental proteincontaining preparations induced in cultured dendritic cells decrease in count of CD34+ immature and TLR2/TLR4+ cells, increased count of cells expressing markers of adhesion (CD38+), activation (MHC II+), costimulation (CD80/ CD86+) and terminal differentiation (CD83+), which may evidence about events of differentiation upon dendritic cell maturation. The 30—100 kDa fraction increased count of cells expressing adhesion molecules to a greater extent than aqueous extract that more pronouncedly stimulated rise in count of dendritic cells bearing costimulatory molecules (p 0.05). The activity of the examined proteins regarding their effect on CD83+ cells was comparable. Experimental protein-containing antigens derived from pneumococcal vaccine strain were shown to induce maturation of dendritic cells from bone marrow precursors, induce a decrease in the count of TLR2 and TLR4-expressing cells accounting for activating effect on innate immune effectors.
Taking Principles Seriously: A Hybrid Approach to Value Alignment in Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Kim Tae Wan , Hooker John , Donaldson Thomas
Published: March 2021

An important step in the development of value alignment (VA) systems in artificial intelligence (AI) is understanding how VA can reflect valid ethical principles. We propose that designers of VA systems incorporate ethics by utilizing a hybrid approach in which both ethical reasoning and empirical observation play a role. This, we argue, avoids committing “naturalistic fallacy,” which is an attempt to derive “ought” from “is,” and it provides a more adequate form of ethical reasoning when the fallacy is not committed. Using quantified model logic, we precisely formulate principles derived from deontological ethics and show how they imply particular “test propositions” for any given action plan in an AI rule base. The action plan is ethical only if the test proposition is empirically true, a judgment that is made on the basis of empirical VA. This permits empirical VA to integrate seamlessly with independently justified ethical principles.

This article is part of the special track on AI and Society.
Assessing the suitability of bridge-scour-monitoring devices
Authors: Vardanega Paul J , Gavriel Gianna , Pregnolato Maria
Published: March 2021

Bridge scour is a complex bridge-management problem. It is also a difficult forensic engineering challenge, as the greatest risk occurs during large flows and flood events, when visual inspection of the bridge piers is often not possible. This paper presents a review of scour prediction and modelling methods, whose results are used to determine the key parameters that scour-monitoring systems need to capture. Then, a review of existing monitoring approaches and technologies for scour monitoring is presented. The paper concludes with the proposal of a novel rating system for evaluating different scour-monitoring techniques. The new rating system is trialled ex-post for seven previously published bridge-scour-monitoring case studies to illustrate the use of the new methodology.
Utilising disturbance metrics in traffic safety estimation
Authors: Azizi Leila , Hadi Mohammed
Published: March 2021

There have been limited efforts to investigate the potential of using detailed trajectory data obtained from connected vehicles and/or other sensors in deriving metrics for use in real-time assessment of traffic safety. This study investigated the use of disturbance metrics for this purpose. The disturbance metrics considered were the number of oscillations (NoO) and a measure of disturbance durations in terms of the time exposed time-to-collision index (TETIndex). The time exposed time-to-collision (TET) has been widely used as a safety surrogate measure, but there is no study on the identification of its thresholds to justify activating plans to mitigate unsafe conditions in real-time operations. This study found a TETIndex of 0.03 and NoO of 10% can be used to recognise unsafe conditions in the case study of this research. Since estimation of the TETIndex requires the location and speed of both leading and following vehicles and therefore cannot be measured accurately with low sample sizes of vehicle trajectories, a regression model was derived to estimate the TETIndex based on speed parameters. It was also found that the investigated disturbance metrics and associated models and thresholds are significantly related to crash occurrence and can thus be used in the activation of transportation management strategies to reduce the probability of unsafe traffic and ease traffic disturbances that have an adverse impact on traffic safety.
COVID-19 street reallocation in mid-sized Canadian cities: socio-spatial equity patterns
Authors: Fischer Jaimy , Winters Meghan
Published: March 2021

Intervention

Street reallocation interventions in three Canadian mid-sized cities: Victoria (British Columbia), Kelowna (British Columbia), and Halifax (Nova Scotia) related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Research question

What street reallocation interventions were implemented, and what were the socio-spatial equity patterns?

Methods

We collected data on street reallocations (interventions that expand street space for active transportation or physical distancing) from April 1 to August 15, 2020 from websites and media. For each city, we summarized length of street reallocations (km) and described implementation strategies and communications. We assessed socio-spatial patterning of interventions by comparing differences in where interventions were implemented by area-level mobility, accessibility, and socio-demographic characteristics.

Results

Two themes motivated street reallocations: supporting mobility, recreation, and physical distancing in populous areas, and bolstering COVID-19 recovery for businesses. The scale of responses ranged across cities, from Halifax adding an additional 20% distance to their bicycle network to Kelowna closing only one main street section. Interventions were located in downtown cores, areas with high population density, higher use of active transportation, and close proximity to essential destinations. With respect to socio-demographics, interventions tended to be implemented in areas with fewer children and areas with fewer visible minority populations. In Victoria, the interventions were in areas with lower income populations and higher proportions of Indigenous people.

Conclusion

In this early response phase, some cities acted swiftly even in the context of massive uncertainties. As cities move toward recovery and resilience, they should leverage early learnings as they act to create more permanent solutions that support safe and equitable mobility.
Relationship of Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) with Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Pali, Rajasthan, India, Hazra Dr. Asmita , Mandal Dr. Saptarshi ,   Associate Professor, Department of Transfusion Medicine & Blood Bank, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India, Chakraborty Dr. Jayati ,   Professor & Head, Department of Pathology, ESI-PGIMSR, Manicktala, Kolkata, India
Published: March 2021

Background: Neutrophil-Lymphocyte-Ratio (NLR), a simple derived parameter of routine CompleteBlood Counts (CBC), has been shown to be better than WBC count as a marker for inflammation inmany contexts. Inflammation is associated with adverse outcomes in hemodialysis patients.Methods: A cross sectional study was designed on 100 maintenance hemodialysis Patients in atertiary care hospital in Eastern India after IRB permission and informed consent. 88 completeresults became available. Complete blood count (CBC), routine PTH and biochemistry analysis wereperformed. KDIGO 2009 cut offs were used to classify patients by PTH levels (PTH<2ULN, PTH 2-9ULN & PTH>9 ULN). NLR was calculated and NLR of 3.5 was used as high inflammation cut off.Results: In Analysis of 88 samples, significant Pearson Correlation with NLR was shown by Albumin,Hemoglobin, PTH, Gender, Age, and Sugar, but involved collinearities. Multiple Linear Regressionwith Robust estimation of Standard Errors retained only PTH as a significant predictor (Beta=-0.273, P=0.033) of NLR and Albumin as a borderline significant predictor (Beta= -0.501, P=0.061). The population was partitioned into 3 sets based on PTH as per KDIGO guideline.Conclusion: Our study suggests that PTH is a significant predictor of inflammation as measured byNLR, independent of the other parameters, and it has an overall weak negative association withinflammation especially in the mid-range (PTH 2-9 ULN) subgroup, which largely corroborates withavailable but scant literature.
Karasubazar: Historical Topography of the City of the Crimean Khanate in the 16th-18th Centuries
Authors: Bocharov Sergei G.
Published: March 2021

The article covers the main points of the town-planning history of Karasubazar, the city of the Crimean khanate, and, most importantly, offers a graphic reconstruction of its master plan for the last quarter of the 18th century, the final stage of the state’s existence. Reconstruction of the historical topography of the late medieval city was carried out for the first time on the basis of three types of sources – written, cartographic, and archaeological. All the basic elements of the city’s historical topography as well as the plan of quarterly residential development and a network of streets are reconstructed. Characteristic features of the location of the quarters inhabited by the Greek, Armenian and Jewish population among the main population of the Tatar inhabitants are revealed. City mosques, bathhouses, fountains supplying the citizens with water, hotels-caravanserais, shopping malls, and production workshops are localized. It is found out that Karasubazar was the second largest settlement in the state, its capital Bakhchisarai being the largest one. By the final stage of the Crimean khanate’s existence the area of the urban development of Karasubazar was 109.0 hectares
Initial Stage of Development of Baikalskoe-1 Sanctuary Fortress Site
Authors: Kharinskiy Artur V.
Published: March 2021

Baikalskoe-1 sanctuary fortress site is located on the north-west coast of Lake Baikal. It occupies a cusp-like hill site on Cape Ludar, standing 80 m above the lake level. In the process of excavations, two culture-bearing strata were revealed in the territory of the site. The deeper stratum embraces the artefacts of the 2nd-1st millennia BC, divided into two archaeological sites. The earlier is approximately dated with the early-mid 2nd millennium BC. It is represented with the remains of clay Glazkov type pottery, quartzite and silicon items. Another archaeological site includes the artefacts datingback to the 6th-1st centuries BC. They include the fragments of Tyshkine (Senogda) type pottery, arrowheads, silicon scrapers and knives as well as the wastes of the production of such. The findings of Baikalskoe-1 prove that for four thousand years, the mount on the coast of Lake Baikal has been considered as a place where contact between the human world and deities was possible
Tug of War: Social Media, Cancel Culture, and Diversity for Girls and The 100
Authors: Anderson-Lopez Jonina , Lambert R.J. , Budaj Allison
Published: March 2021

Hate the most recent season of a television show? Create a viral petition! Better yet, find an old tweet of a cast member to publicly shame them. These are examples of audience participation and expectations when it comes to television. Audiences react to several types of fiction, but this article mostly focuses on the impacts of television shows and audience reception. Analyzing audience and critical reception of certain TV shows may reveal motivations for subsequent creative decisions by the creators. On shows like Roseanne, audience reception has influenced decisions concerning creative control. Audience demands help sway the market and have opened up diversity initiatives in speculative media. The theoretical base for this article is formed from reception theoryand primary research of Twitter posts. To further explore the phenomenon of audience sway over artistic ownership, two television shows, Girlsand The 100, will be examined in context with audience and critical reception, cancelculture, and diversity initiatives across media.
HYDROGEOLOGICAL ACTION OF DRAINAGE AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS OF POLISSІA ZONE IN CHANGING CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
Authors: Rokochinskiy A. , Shevchenko O. , Volk P. , Turchenyuk V. , Koptjuk R. , Volk L.
Published: March 2021

We have analyzed various methods and models for determining and calculating drainage module. The drainage module is an important indicator of the hydrogeological effect of drainage and soil drainage. For the calculation of the drainage calculation module, an empirical, analytical, water-balance method is used, or it is accepted on the recommendations without sufficient economic and environmental justification. This does not meet the modern requirements for the creation and operation of such objects. Traditionally, the designs and parameters of agricultural drainage are determined by the drainage module. It provides the necessary conditions for the removal of excess moisture of the active soil layer in the spring (as the main calculation) and corresponds to a certain level of the calculated security of the formation of the runoff hydrograph. According to the generalized results of the research, in the calculation of drainage parameters, the values of drainage modules were taken within: for mineral soils – 0.4… 0.6 l/sꞏha, for peat soils 0.2… 0.6 l/sꞏha. These recommended values are not correct because then the defined drainage parameters take into account only the technological conditions of its operation. But this does not take into account the conditions of formation of economic and environmental effect within the system, and they are not economically and environmentally optimal for the calculation of the drainage system and its elements. We have performed research and evaluation of the hydrogeological effect of the drainage and drainage systems. The results of these researches showed the variability of values of drainage modules in time and space. We have also identified many influencing factors and confirmed their difference with the calculated value. A new evaluation of the effectiveness of drainage systems and the calculation of drainage modules are proposed. This evaluation includes the yield criterion for variable natural (climatic) and agricultural conditions. New optimal values of drainage modules are proposed. These values are also presented for critical conditions (maximum daily rainfall of different levels of probability).
BELEDİYE ÇALIŞANLARININ HİZMETKÂR LİDERLİK VE TOPLAM KALİTE YÖNETİMİ ALGILARI; GİRESUN BELEDİYESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Cinel Mehmet Ozan , Karaman Güven
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, belediyelerde çeşitli unvanlarda çalışanların hizmetkâr liderlik ve toplam kalite yönetimi (TKY) algılarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından belirlenmesi, hizmetkâr liderlik ile TKY kavramları arasında herhangi bir ilişki olup/olmadığı varsa bu ilişki istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı olup/olmadığının belirlenmesi ve bu hususta bir fikir haritasının çıkarılmasıdır. Araştırmanının evreni, Giresun Belediyesinde çeşitli unvanlarda çalışan 452 işgörendir. Araştırma, genel tarama modelinde betimsel bir çalışma olup, veri toplama aracı olarak “Hizmetkâr Liderlik ve Toplam Kalite Yönetimi Anketi” kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verilerinden elde edilen sonuçlara göre, Giresun Belediyesinde çalışanların hizmetkâr liderlik ve toplam kalite yönetimi algılarının orta düzeyde ve hizmetkâr liderlik ile toplam kalite yönetimi arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir ilişkinin (r = 0,783) var olduğu ve bu ilişkinin de pozitif yönlü olduğu saptanmıştır.
Concept of Supporting and Resisting Social Engagement in Environmental Engineering Education
Authors: Nader Abdul-Hamid
Published: March 2021

This article investigates how understudies familiarity the mix of common information into ecological building instruction. Building for harmony requires going past simply specialized designing towards an incorporated social and specialized comprehension of how building can advance network improvement and cultural great. This investigation centers around understudy encounters at two significant building for network advancement programs that are effectively incorporating social and specialized information in designing instruction, with the objective of preparing all the more socially drew in engineers. This makes the reception and incorporation of these ideas trying for understudies occupied with these countryside. Standardizing, techno-centric originations of building personality, information, and practice.
Strategic Environmental Engineering Impact Assessment for analyzing carrying capacity of Water resources
Authors: Meyer Niklas
Published: March 2021

Water assets are the fundamental and essential regular assets for creaturebreathing, most significant components for confining common habitat, human endurance and advancement. World is confronting genuine hose contamination and dampen deficiencies. In this paper, in light of "Natural Engineering Impact Assessment", assessment and investigation techniques in arranging venture on Strategic assets conveying limit were investigated. It had extraordinary centrality on executing the Environmental Impact Assessment Law, understanding water assets and water condition issues looked by the world, and accomplishing supportable utilization of water assets.
Integrated Environmental Engineering Design Tools for Environmental Values with Business Decision Applications
Authors: Siciliano Eros
Published: March 2021

This paper investigates the alluring connection between business procedure and natural designing methodology on a product offering premise. The creators extend past work on ecological administration apparatuses, utilizing Product Portfolio Matrix examination strategies adjusted to incorporate natural ascribes. The creators show how the customary pivot of piece of the overall industry and market development rate can be rethought as presentation and opportunity from an ecological point of view. A third component, ecological weight, is added to the lattice so natural liabilities are all the while considered in the investigation. The paper likewise shows how ecological investigation can be utilized to make a fruitful move into a more alluring business sector position.
Risk Assessment of heavy metal elements and pesticides soil pollution based on Arc-GIS
Authors: Udinese Geronima
Published: March 2021

With the fast monetary turn of events, the dirt condition has been dirtied in shifting quantity. The nature of the dirt in the significant granule delivering regions influences the sanitation and individual wellbeing. So as to examine the substantial metals and pesticides contamination organization, the dirt isolated into units. One inspecting point chosen in every unit. Right off the bat, the area of testing focuses had been guaranteed by the plane soil of inspecting focuses had been gathered. The substance and conveyance of overwhelming metal components in built-up soil was concentrated to survey the substantial metal incorporated contamination and conceivably natural risks. The outcomes demonstrated that the dirtied quantity of every overwhelming metal and insect killer were unique. Finally, the spatial conveyance guides of each sort of poisons had been done dependent on ArcGIS. The outcomes demonstrated that the substance of substantial metal had high amassing in soil by correlation with the foundation grouping of soil components. The substantial metals incorporated contamination from sky-scraping to squat is modern professional flowerbed. The possibly natural hazard is reasonable in modern territory and traffic zone, however it is light in rural areas farm-land and greenhouse.
EFFECT OF BEAN FLOUR ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, VITAMIN, MINERAL LEVEL AND ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES OF MEAT ROLL
Authors:   V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Rebezov Maksim ,   K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Suychinov Anuarbek ,   Kazakh Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry, Semey, Kazakhstan, Burakovskaya Nina ,   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia, Shadrin Maxim ,   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia, Ermolaev Vladimir ,   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia, Sherstneva Olga ,   K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Anichkina Olga ,   K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Dolmatova Irina ,   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Magnitogorsk, Russian Federation, Zaitseva Tatiana ,   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Magnitogorsk, Russian Federation, Morozova Larisa ,   Kurgan State Agricultural Academy by T.S. Maltsev, Lesnikovo village, Ketovsky district, Kurgan region, Russian Federation, Mikolaychik Ivan ,   Kurgan State Agricultural Academy by T.S. Maltsev, Lesnikovo village, Ketovsky district, Kurgan region, Russian Federation, Neverova Olga ,   Ural State Agrarian University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of bean flour on the nutritional value and the yield stress of meat rolls. The main components of meat rolls are minced beef, eggs, bread, milk, and beans, but in the current study, the author mixed bean flour with these active ingredients and evaluated the effect of this on the various nutrient parameters of meat rolls. Four samples of meat rolls were prepared, with 0% to 20% beans flour. Results of the study found that depending on the concentration of beans, the moisture content, level of carbohydrate, and other nutritive parameters of meat roll have changed significantly due to the specific chemical composition of the bean flour. In terms of vitamin composition, significant changes are observed in the content of vitamin C and vitamin B1. The addition of bean flour (up to 15%) to minced rolls gradually increases the yield stress and improving the consistency of the product. According to organoleptic evaluation, the addition of up to 15% of beans has a positive effect on the consistency of the product due to improved water-binding ability. Results of the study suggesting new data related to the impact of bean flour on the nutritional value and consistency of meat rolls. The developed technology and recipe can be used for large scale meat rolls production.