bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional sensors for respiration monitoring and antibacterial activity based on piezoelectric PVDF/BZT-0.5BCT nanoparticle composite nanofibers
Authors: Li Mingming , Zou Xuexue , Ding Yuxing , Wang Weijie , Cheng Zhenxiang , Wang Dong , Wang Zengmei , Shao Yi , Bai Jing
Published: October 2022

In clinical practice, combining sensitive and efficient sensors that have antibacterial properties with masks is a convenient way to monitor vital signs. Therefore, developing flexible pressure sensors with high sensitivity and antibacterial properties is the key for such smart devices. In our work, poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofibers (NFs) with a high piezoelectric phase were fabricated by electrospinning with an optimized spinning voltage and collecting roller speed. Ba(Ti0.8Zr0.2)O3-0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (BZT-0.5BCT) nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by the hydrothermal method were introduced into PVDF NFs to improve their piezoelectric response to external strain. With 20 wt% 0.5BZT-BCT NPs, the PVDF/BZT-BCT fiber composite sensor showed an output voltage up to 6.37 V with superior sensitivity (0.24 V Kpa−1), a short response time (∼50 ms), good durability over a wide time range and a low detection limit (2.50 mg). The sensor was built in a mask that demonstrated high sensitivity in monitoring the respiratory rate as well as antimicrobial resistance to Echerichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Furthermore, this composite fiber sensor can also be applied for the detection of body movement. The multifunctional 0.5BZT-BCT/PVDF fiber composite sensor may find clinical applications.
Effects of Ge addition on the structure, mechanical and magnetic properties of (CoCrFeNi)100-xGex high-entropy alloys
Authors: Guan Zhou , Feng Chuangshi , Song Hongquan , Zhang Yibo , Zhang Fuxiang
Published: October 2022

Alloying non-metallic elements can not only change the structure of alloys, but also tailor the mechanical and physical properties. The microstructure, mechanical and magnetic properties of (CoCrFeNi)100-xGex (molar ratio, x = 0 ∼ 33) high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have been systematically studied in this paper. The experimental results show that the (CoCrFeNi)100-xGex HEAs transform from a face-centered cubic (FCC) to a body-centered cubic (BCC) solid solution when 10 ≤ x ≤ 25, and a hexagonal intermetallic compound (IM) formed at x = 33. Tensile measurement revealed that the strength and plasticity of the alloy were enhanced simultaneously with Ge addition in the single FCC region (x ≤ 10), a decrease in ductility but sharp increase of strength was found in the alloys when the BCC phase starts to appear. Theoretical calculations and magnetic hysteresis loop measurements show that the alloys transform gradually from a paramagnetic to a ferromagnetic state at room temperature.
Effects of size on the spectrum and stability of a confined on-center Hydrogen atom
Authors: Morcillo-Arencibia Milagros F , Sarsa Antonio J , Alcaraz-Pelegrina José Manuel
Published: October 2022

In this work we studied the problem of the stability of confined atoms when they are released from confinement. We analyzed the confined Hydrogen atom inside a cage modelled by a square-well potential, in particular the effects of size on the energy and the electronic structure of the confined atom, by considering different internal radii of the confining cage. Starting from the confined wave function, we clarified the effect on the probability transition between different confined states, and characterized the stability of the atom when released from in term of both, the ionization probability and the transition probability to a bound state of the free atom. The values of the different atomic properties calculated present oscillations when they are studied as a function of the size of the confining cage. This behaviour can be explained in terms of the shell structure of the atom.
Numerical studies of isotopic selective photoionization of ytterbium in a three-step ionization scheme
Authors: Lu Xiao-Yong , Wang Li-De
Published: October 2022

Selective photoionization of ytterbium isotope is studied numerically based on a three-step photoionization scheme, 4f146s2
1S0 (0 cm−1) → 4f146s6p 3P1 (17992.008 cm−1) → (4f136s26p) (7/2, 3/2)2 (35196.98 cm−1) → auto-ionization state (52353 cm−1) → Yb+, by the density matrix theory with the consideration of atomic hyperfine structures and magnetic sublevels. To examine the physical model, the numerical isotopic abundance of ytterbium is compared with that from mass spectroscopy experiment, showing that they are in good agreement with each other. The excitation process and ionization process of ytterbium, especially for odd isotopes, are discussed and analyzed in detail on this basis. The effects of frequency detuning, power densities, spectral bandwidths, polarization of two excitation lasers, and atomic Doppler broadening on the total ionization yield and isotopic abundance are investigated numerically and the optimal excitation conditions for 176Yb enrichment are identified semi-quantitatively.
A new method of constructing adversarial examples for quantum variational circuits
Authors: Yan Jinge , Yan Lili , Zhang Shibin
Published: October 2022

A quantum variational circuit is a quantum machine learning model similar to a neural network. A crafted adversarial example can lead to incorrect results for the model. Using adversarial examples to train the model will greatly improve its robustness. The existing method is to use automatic differentials or finite difference to obtain a gradient and use it to construct adversarial examples. This paper proposes an innovative method for constructing adversarial examples of quantum variational circuits. In this method, the gradient can be obtained by measuring the expected value of a quantum bit respectively in a series quantum circuit. This method can be used to construct the adversarial examples for a quantum variational circuit classifier. The implementation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with the existing method, our method requires fewer resources and is more efficient.
Security of the traditional quantum key distribution protocols with finite-key lengths
Authors: Feng Bao , Huang Hai-Dong , Bian Yu-Xiang , Jia Wei , Zhou Xing-Yu , Wang Qin
Published: October 2022

Quantum key distribution (QKD) in principle can provide unconditional secure communication between distant parts. However, when finite-key length is taken into account, the security can only be ensured within certain security level. In this paper, we adopt the Chernoff bound analysis method to deal with finite-key-size effects, carrying out corresponding investigations on the relationship between the key generation rate and security parameters for different protocols, including BB84, measurement-device-independent and twin-field QKD protocols. Simulation results show that there exists a fundamental limit between the key rate and the security parameters. Therefore, this study can provide valuable references for practical application of QKD, getting a nice balance between the key generation rate and the security level.
A polarization mismatched p-GaN/p-Al0.25Ga0.75N/p-GaN structure to improve the hole injection for GaN based micro-LED with secondary etched mesa
Authors: Zhang Yidan , Chu Chunshuang , Hang Sheng , Zhang Yonghui , Zheng Quan , Li Qing , Bi Wengang , Zhang Zihui
Published: October 2022

A low hole injection efficiency for InGaN/GaN micro-light-emitting diodes (μLEDs) has become one of the main bottlenecks affecting the improvement of the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the optical power. In this work, we propose and fabricate a polarization mismatched p-GaN/p-Al0.25Ga0.75N/p-GaN structure for 445 nm GaN-based μLEDs with the size of 40 × 40 μm2, which serves as the hole injection layer. The polarization-induced electric field in the p-GaN/p-Al0.25Ga0.75N/p-GaN structure provides holes with more energy and can facilitate the non-equilibrium holes to transport into the active region for radiative recombination. Meanwhile, a secondary etched mesa for μLEDs is also designed, which can effectively keep the holes apart from the defected region of the mesa sidewalls, and the surface nonradiative recombination can be suppressed. Therefore, the proposed μLED with the secondary etched mesa and the p-GaN/p-Al0.25Ga0.75N/p-GaN structure has the enhanced EQE and the improved optical power density when compared with the μLED without such designs.
Wavelength- and ellipticity-dependent photoelectron spectra from multiphoton ionization of atoms
Authors: Guo Keyu , Li Min , Liang Jintai , Cao Chuanpeng , Zhou Yueming , Lu Peixiang
Published: October 2022

We theoretically study the photoelectron momentum distributions from multiphoton ionization of a model lithium atom over a range of laser wavelengths from 500 nm to 700 nm by numerically solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The photoelectron momentum distributions display many ring-like patterns for the three-photon ionization, which vary dramatically with the change of the laser wavelength. We show that the wavelength-dependent photoelectron energy spectrum can be used to effectively identify the resonant and nonresonant ionization pathways. We also find an abnormal ellipticity dependence of the electron yield for the (2+1) resonance-enhanced ionization via the 4d intermediate state, which is relevant to the two-photon excitation probability from the ground state to the 4d state.
Glancing incidence x-ray fluorescence spectrometry based on a single-bounce parabolic capillary
Authors: Shao Shangkun , Li Huiquan , Yuan Tianyu , Sun Xuepeng , Hua Lu , Liu Zhiguo , Sun Tianxi
Published: October 2022

Glancing incidence x-ray fluorescence spectrometry using a single-bounce parabolic capillary is proposed for the analysis of layered samples. The divergence of the x-ray beam was 0.33 mrad. In this paper, we used this instrumental setup to analyze a Si single crystal and a 50 nm HfO2 single-layer film deposited on a Si substrate.
Improving source-in-the-middle continuous-variable quantum key distribution using a heralded hybrid linear amplifier
Authors: Wu Lei-Xin , Feng Yan-Yan , Zhou Jian
Published: October 2022

A hybrid linear amplifier is inserted at the output of the source-in-the-middle distribution protocol to overcome the shortcomings of the transmission distance. The modified protocol aims to maintain a high key rate for long-distance transmission under high noise. It has the potential to significantly broaden the application range of the continuous variable quantum key distribution protocol. The effects of amplifier parameters and noise on the modified protocol are analyzed in detail with regard to applying it to a practical system. To make the simulation more realistic, the effect of finite size on the new protocol is taken into account. It will serve as a guideline for the future use of hybrid linear amplifiers. Different parameters can be adjusted to achieve the best performance for key rates of different quantum channels.
Micro-mechanism study of the effect of Cd-free buffer layers ZnXO (X = Mg/Sn) on the performance of flexible Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)4 solar cell
Authors: Zhang Caixia , Li Yaling , Lin Beibei , Tang Jianlong , Sun Quanzhen , Xie Weihao , Deng Hui , Zheng Qiao , Cheng Shuying
Published: October 2022

The traditional CdS buffer layers in flexible CZTSSe solar cells lead to light absorption losses and environmental pollution problems. Therefore, the study of Cd-free buffer layer is very important for the realization of environmentally friendly and efficient CZTSSe solar cells. The Zn1–x
Mg
x
O (ZnMgO) and Zn1–x
Sn
x
O (ZnSnO) alternate buffer layers are studied in this study using the simulation package solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) numerical simulation model, and the theoretical analysis is further verified by the results of the experiments. We simulate the performance of CZTSSe/ZnXO (X = Mg/Sn) heterojunction devices with different Mg/(Zn+Mg) and Sn/(Zn+Sn) ratios and analyze the intrinsic mechanism of the effect of conduction band offsets (CBO) on the device performance. The simulation results show that the CZTSSe/ZnXO (X = Mg/Sn) devices achieve optimal performance with a small “spike” band or “flat” band at Mg and Sn doping concentrations of 0.1 and 0.2, respectively. To investigate the potential of Zn0.9Mg0.1O and Zn0.8Sn0.2O as alternative buffer layers, carrier concentrations and thicknesses are analyzed. The simulation demonstrates that the Zn0.9Mg0.1O device with low carrier concentration has a high resistivity, serious carrier recombination, and a greater impact on performance from thickness variation. Numerical simulations and experimental results show the potential of the ZnSnO buffer layer as an alternative to toxic CdS, and the ZnMgO layer has the limitation as a substitute buffer layer. This paper provides the theoretical basis and experimental proof for further searching for a suitable flexible CZTSSe Cd-free buffer layer.
Gravitational decoupling for hairy black holes in asymptotic AdS spacetimes*
Authors: Zhang Chao-Ming , Zhang Ming , Zou De-Cheng
Published: October 2022

In this study, the gravitational decoupling approach via extended geometric deformation is utilized to generate analytical black hole solutions owing to its simplicity and effectiveness. Considering the external fields surrounding Schwarzschild AdS black holes, we derive hairy black hole solutions in asymptotic AdS spacetime, satisfying the strong and dominant energy conditions. Moreover, we find that if the black hole spacetime is a fluid system, the fluid under each of these conditions is anisotropic.
The Halo Concentration and Mass Relation Traced by Satellite Galaxies
Authors: Gu Qing , Guo Qi , Zhang Tianchi , Wang Wenting , Guo Quan , Gao Liang
Published: October 2022

We study the relation between halo concentration and mass (c − M relation) using galaxy catalogs of the Seventh and Eighth Data Releases of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS DR7 and DR8). Assuming that the satellite galaxies follow the distribution of dark matter, we derive the halo concentration by fitting the satellite radial profile with a Nararro Frank and White (NFW) format. The derived c − M relation covers a wide halo mass range from 1011.6 to 1014.1 M⊙. We confirm the anti-correlation between the halo mass and concentration as predicted in cosmological simulations. Our results are in good agreement with those derived using galaxy dynamics and gravitational lensing for halos of 1011.6– 1012.9
M
⊙, while they are slightly lower for halos of 1012.9– 1014.1
M
⊙. This is because blue satellite galaxies are less concentrated, especially in the inner regions. Instead of using all satellite galaxies, red satellites could be better tracers of the underlying dark matter distribution in galaxy groups.
Modeling and inference methods for switching regime-dependent dynamical systems with multiscale neural observations
Authors: Song Christian Y , Hsieh Han-Lin , Pesaran Bijan , Shanechi Maryam M
Published: October 2022

Objective. Realizing neurotechnologies that enable long-term neural recordings across multiple spatial-temporal scales during naturalistic behaviors requires new modeling and inference methods that can simultaneously address two challenges. First, the methods should aggregate information across all activity scales from multiple recording sources such as spiking and field potentials. Second, the methods should detect changes in the regimes of behavior and/or neural dynamics during naturalistic scenarios and long-term recordings. Prior regime detection methods are developed for a single scale of activity rather than multiscale activity, and prior multiscale methods have not considered regime switching and are for stationary cases. Approach. Here, we address both challenges by developing a switching multiscale dynamical system model and the associated filtering and smoothing methods. This model describes the encoding of an unobserved brain state in multiscale spike-field activity. It also allows for regime-switching dynamics using an unobserved regime state that dictates the dynamical and encoding parameters at every time-step. We also design the associated switching multiscale inference methods that estimate both the unobserved regime and brain states from simultaneous spike-field activity. Main results. We validate the methods in both extensive numerical simulations and prefrontal spike-field data recorded in a monkey performing saccades for fluid rewards. We show that these methods can successfully combine the spiking and field potential observations to simultaneously track the regime and brain states accurately. Doing so, these methods lead to better state estimation compared with single-scale switching methods or stationary multiscale methods. Also, for single-scale linear Gaussian observations, the new switching smoother can better generalize to diverse system settings compared to prior switching smoothers. Significance. These modeling and inference methods effectively incorporate both regime-detection and multiscale observations. As such, they could facilitate investigation of latent switching neural population dynamics and improve future brain-machine interfaces by enabling inference in naturalistic scenarios where regime-dependent multiscale activity and behavior arise.
Gyrokinetic simulations compared with magnetic fluctuations diagnosed with a Faraday-effect radial interferometer-polarimeter in the DIII-D pedestal
Authors: Curie M.T. , Hatch D.R. , Halfmoon M. , Chen J. , Brower D.L. , Hassan E. , Kotschenreuther M. , Mahajan S.M. , Groebner R.J. , DIII-D team
Published: October 2022

Experimental data on electromagnetic fluctuations in DIII-D, made available by the Faraday-effect radial interferometer-polarimeter (RIP) diagnostic Chen (2016 Rev. Sci. Instrum.
87 11E108), is examined in comparison with detailed gyrokinetic simulations using gyrokinetic electromagnetic numerical experiment (GENE). The diagnostic has the unique capability of making internal measurements of fluctuating magnetic fields

∫

n

e

δ

B

r

d
R

∫

n

e

d
R

. Local linear simulations identify microtearing modes (MTMs) over a substantial range of toroidal mode numbers (peaking at n = 15) with frequencies in good agreement with the experimental data. Local nonlinear simulations reinforce this result by producing a magnetic frequency spectrum in good agreement with that diagnosed by RIP. Simulated heat fluxes are in the range of experimental expectations. However, magnetic fluctuation amplitudes are substantially lower than the experimental expectations. Possible sources of this discrepancy are discussed, notably the fact that the diagnostics are localized at the mid-plane—the poloidal location where the simulations predict the fluctuation amplitudes to be smallest. Despite some discrepancies, several connections between simulations and experiments, combined with general criteria discriminating between potential pedestal instabilities, strongly point to MTMs as the source of the observed magnetic fluctuations.
Identification and Measurement of Positive and Negative Topological Charges of LG Beams for Medical Care
Authors: Guo Jianjun , Hassan Shahbaz Gul , Lin Lijun , Liu Tonglai , Cao Liang , Feng Dachun , Liu Shuangyin , Xu Longqin
Published: October 2022

A medical care system’s security, high-capacity information transfer, and communication are all dependent on OAM-based quantum key distribution, namely on the measurement of OAM’s topological charges (TCs). The intensity patterns of interference between the vortex beam and its conjugate beam are analyzed to detect and evaluate positive and negative TCs of Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) vortex beams in a novel manner. An upgraded Mach–Zehnder (M-Z) interferometer is used to establish the order of positive, negative, integer, and half-integer TCs. Deciphering the order of integer TCs and half-integer TCs may be accomplished by measuring the interference bright petals as well as half of the total numbers of bright petals. The integer and half-integer TCs (VPP) may be modulated by the use of light path rotational with a vortex stage plate. Using the interferometer as mentioned earlier, the positive and negative of integer and half-integer TCs are acquired. Quantitatively, the order and sign of integer and half-integer TCs are measured in this manner. And this method is straightforward and less susceptible to the influence of parasitic interference. This can provide comprehensive security protection for the medical monitoring system, better reduce medical risks and protect patient privacy.
Mechanical Model Analysis of Dust on the PV Panels Surface in Low Latitude and High Altitude Plateau Area
Authors: Xiong Changquan , Zhang Yuning , Hui Xiaoping
Published: October 2022

This work selected a PV power station located in the low latitude and high altitude plateau area of Sichuan, China, as the research object. The environment, climate, operation and maintenance status of the PV power station were investigated and the dust on PV panels was collected to measure its properties to analyse the source and composition of the dust. The results showed that the main component of the dust was SiO2 and the dust particles were relatively uniform in size and regular in shape but not uniform spherical particles. Meanwhile, EDEM-FLUENT simulation soft wares were employed to simulate the accumulation process of dust on the surface of PV panels at different wind speeds under the installation inclination of 25 degrees and 35 degrees, respectively. Furthermore, systematically analysing the force between the dust and PV panels, exploring the action modes of various forces and sorting out the dominant force were carried out for the establishment of a mechanical model for dust accumulation or dust removal. The force of dust in this PV power station mainly included gravity 10−9~10−8N, van der Waals force 10−9N, electrostatic force 10−9~10−11N and fluid force. Meanwhile, the larger particles almost accumulated in the front row of PV modules while the smaller particles can float farther with the wind. Finally, combined with the mechanical model of dust on the PV panel’s surface, dust’s adhesion process and accumulation mechanism were explained.
Analog Memristor-Based Dynamic Programmable Analog Filter
Authors: Liu Xiaoxin , Zou Lanqing , Huang Chenyang , Bai Na , Xue Kanhao , Sun Huajun , Miao Xiangshui
Published: October 2022

The memristor study now generally exhibit threshold voltage characteristics. The memristance changes when the voltage across the memristor is greater than the threshold voltage. Otherwise, the memristance is almost constant. Based on this feature, we design a general-purpose memristor programmable circuit that is simple to operate. In the field of communication and signal processing, programmable analog filters are required, and memristors with multi-valued characteristic are suitable as programmable impedance elements for such circuits. Through simulation and physics experiments, we demonstrate a memristor-based programmable low-pass filter using the designed programmable circuit to realize the dynamic adjustment of circuit parameters.
Optimised VMD based on Improved Grey Wolf for Human Pulse Wave Characterisation
Authors: Yu Chengbo , Mi Youyu
Published: October 2022

To address the difficulty in determining the penalty factor α mode and number K for the Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) human pulse wave signal, which makes it difficult to extract and analyse its features accurately, an Improved Grey Wolf Optimization (IGWO) method is proposed to optimise the VMD. In this paper, the optimal modal number K and penalty factor α in the VMD are determined by IGWO using Minimum Average Mutual Information (MAMI) as the fitness function. The proposed method is used to completely decompose the pulse wave into K Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMF), and the marginal spectral analysis of the decomposed modes is performed to calculate the spectral energy ratio. And the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated experimentally.
Off-road Quad-Bike Detection Using CNN Models
Authors: Berwo Michael Abebe , Wang Zhipeng , Fang Yong , Mahmood Jabar , Yang Nan
Published: October 2022

Off-road vehicles are rapidly being employed for transportation, military activities, and sports racing. However, in monitoring and maintaining the race’s safety and reliability, quad-bike detection receives less attention than on-road vehicle recognition utilizing DL approaches. In this paper, we used transfer-learning approaches on pre-trained models of cutting-edge architectures, notably Yolov4, Yolov4-tiny, and Yolov5s, to detect quad-bikes from images and videos. A quad-bike dataset acquired from YouTube (https://youtu.be/ZyE3t3lG-vU. Accessed on April 10, 2022) was used to train and assess these designs. In this paper, we show that the Yolov4-tiny architecture outperforms the Yolov4, and Yolov5s in terms of mAP@50 and computing time per image.
Simulation and Application of MATLAB in Young’s Double-Slit Experiments
Authors: Li Yang , Xing Qiongyong
Published: October 2022

Based on the scientific visualization function of MATLAB, the computer simulation of optical experimental phenomena has obvious effect in the application of experimental teaching, which improves the measurement accuracy of the experiment, expands the measurement range and intuitively analyzes the influence of the changes of various parameters on the experimental results. In this paper, based on the theory of wave optics, the simulation of Young’s double slit interference is realized by using Matlab’s powerful matrix operation function and graphics drawing function. The simulation image is in good agreement with the experimental results.
Machine Learning-based Time-slot Time-varying Filtering for Mandarin Tone Processing
Authors: Wen Yannuo , wang Yue , Zhang Ran , Li Jiaxuan , Zhao Liang , Healy John J
Published: October 2022

Tone is one of the biggest differences between Mandarin as a tonal language and English, meaning that changes in frequency will appear in every character and determine their meaning. Therefore, the accurate identification of intonation plays an important role in Chinese language processing and learning. In the learning and training process of Mandarin Chinese, graphical feedback can provide valuable assistance to linguists or learners, providing them with more insight than simple accuracy ratings as they can determined what to change to improve their intonation based on this feedback. In this paper, we refer to the process of generating Mel-frequency cepstrum coefficients and employ a machine learning-aided time-slot filtering approach to obtain an intuitive transformation of pitch from Mel spectrum to geometric graphs as feedback to Chinese language workers and learners, and to help them improve their mastery of Mandarin tones. Our preliminary results show that these illustrations can accurately represent frequency changes in relation to time. At the same time, the lower computational cost of the optimization allows it to be used as learning software on various mobile platforms.
Predicting The Use of a Knowledge-Based System for Collaborative Surgical Team
Authors: Kassim Azleena Mohd , Zulkifli Noor Nazirulsyahmi , Rahim Muhammad Fitry , Keikhosrokiani Pantea
Published: October 2022

Advancement of new technologies and the accessibility of the Internet make it feasible to provide collaborative teams for medical purposes. This research studies how technology impacts the health care system to tackle the problem of forming an efficient team for medical purposes at hospitals in the Northern region of Malaysia. In this paper, we explore the Knowledge-based Collaborative Surgical Team (K-CST) system further, which automatically assigns an efficient collaborative surgical team. By utilizing the evolution of technologies and the Internet, this study aims to incorporate a knowledge-based approach with a genetic algorithm to form an efficient medical team. A survey was conducted among 30 health practitioners in the Northern region of Malaysia to predict the acceptance to use of the proposed K-CST system in comparison with the existing system. Collected data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) by using Pearson Correlation to describe the strength of the relationship between K-CST system and the existing system. Results for K- CST system was significant and have a positive relationship, while the results for the existing system were slightly insignificant and had a negative relationship. This study recommends that there should be some improvement in the system with the purpose of promoting a better healthcare system. The results from the analysis showed the hat K-CST system is accepted in the Northern region of Malaysia and has a good potential to be implemented in hospitals in the country.
Last Subcode Neural Network Assisted Polar Decoding
Authors: Liu Hengyan , Zhang Limen , Yan Wenjun , Li Yajie
Published: October 2022

A fast successive-cancellation decoding scheme based on neural network (NNFSCD) called last subcode neural network assisted decoding (LSNNACD) scheme for polar codes is proposed to improve decoding performance. First, a neural network node (NNN) is proposed and a neutral network model is trained to decode it. Then, the node recognizer is proposed to recognize a polar code with a NNN. Simulations with polar codes and binary phase shift keying (BPSK) shows good performance and low latency in the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Moreover, the proposed scheme has a wide application range.
Simulation Study of Infrared Transmittance Under Different Atmospheric Conditions
Authors: Sun Dongdong , Zheng Haijing
Published: October 2022

This article analyzes the atmospheric transmittance in the infrared band under different atmosphere conditions based on the MODTRAN software. Firstly, the atmospheric transmittance in the infrared band under two different atmospheric types, cold-dry and warm-wet, are calculated. Subsequently, the effect of H2O, CO2 and O3 molecules on the atmospheric transmittance in the infrared band are analyzed. Secondly, the differences in atmospheric transmittance at different altitudes (troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere) in the infrared band are calculated, and the effects of H2O, CO2 and O3, CH4 and N2 on atmospheric transmittance and their variation patterns are analyzed. Finally, the influence of different aerosol types on atmospheric transmittance is calculated and analyzed, mainly considering molecular scattering and five different types of aerosol scattering. Conclusion, i) The total atmospheric transmittance of cold-dry atmospheres is higher than that of warm-wet atmospheres. The main factors influencing the difference in atmospheric transmittance between the two are H2O and O3. ii) Atmospheric transmittance varies with altitude, with the most dramatic changes with altitude being in the troposphere and stratosphere. The factors that have a greater influence on the atmospheric transmittance in the troposphere are H2O and CO2; CO2, O3 and CH4 have great influence on stratospheric atmospheric transmittance; The atmospheric transmittance of the mesosphere has little change, almost 1. The fluctuation of its transmittance curve is mainly affected by O3; The atmospheric transmittance of thermosphere is almost 1; N2 has little effect on atmospheric transmittance. iii) The influence of molecular scattering on atmospheric transmittance is negligible, while aerosol scattering has a great influence on atmospheric transmittance; Aerosol scattering at 9 μm has the greatest influence on atmospheric transmittance. The research results of this paper have certain guiding significance for the design and performance evaluation of infrared systems under different application conditions.
Research on the Transformation and Upgrading of Intelligent Manufacturing from the Perspective of Digital Ecosystems
Authors: Cui Hongchao , Ma Qiang
Published: October 2022

In the context of a new round of industrial revolution and technological paradigm change, the transformation and upgrading of intelligent manufacturing have become an important research issue. To explore the transformation path and implementation mechanism of intelligent manufacturing in enterprises, Our research takes CRCHI as a case to conduct the transformation and upgrading of intelligent manufacturing based on the perspective of digital ecosystems. The results show that, firstly, Data-Intelligence technology empowers the value co-creation process of multi-stakeholder interaction and resource integration in the enterprise ecosystem, and then realizes the transformation and upgrading of intelligent manufacturing; secondly, the transformation and upgrading of intelligent manufacturing is the transformation and upgrading of industrial chain and value chain, it needs coordination and dynamic management at four levels intelligent designing, intelligent manufacturing, intelligent product-service system, and intelligent management network. Our research systematically discusses the transformation and upgrading path of intelligent manufacturing and the dimension of intelligent manufacturing, which enriches the research on intelligent manufacturing and fills up the research gap. We wish that our research that provide companies with useful managerial insights into management.
Deep Learning Assessment Method for Postoperative Pain Based on Facial Video Data
Authors: Yin Pu , Zhang Xiaoxue , Hao Lvyuan
Published: October 2022

In recent years, many scholars at home and abroad have applied deep learning methods to automated pain recognition, but these methods are mostly based on discrete data, and the reliability of the evaluation results is low, making it difficult for doctors to accurately judge the disease. This paper conducts an automated pain assessment study based on continuous postoperative facial video data. First, the principle of deep learning network for pain recognition is introduced, and a computing platform based on deep learning is built. Then, based on the video data in the public pain recognition database, a deep learning-based pain recognition experiment was conducted. Finally, the experimental results of pain recognition are analyzed, which confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of the deep learning pain assessment method based on facial video data. This paper applies deep learning to pain assessment based on facial video data, which helps to assess patient pain more accurately and quickly.
Improved swimming performance in schooling fish via leading-edge vortex enhancement
Authors: Seo Jung-Hee , Mittal Rajat
Published: October 2022

The hydrodynamics of schooling fish has been the subject of continued investigation over the last 50 years; fish schools exhibit a variety of arrangements and several distinct mechanisms have been proposed to explain the hydrodynamic benefits of schooling. In the current study, we use direct numerical simulations to show that a caudal fin swimmer trailing another similar swimmer can significantly improve its swimming performance by positioning itself such that the wake-induced flow of the leading fish, enhances the leading-edge vortex (LEV) on the fin of the trailing fish. Improvements of up to 12% in both the thrust and efficiency of the trailing fish are possible with this mechanism. The mechanisms underlying these interactional effects are quantitatively analyzed by applying the force partitioning method, a powerful data-driven method that partitions the pressure forces on the fish into mechanistically distinct components. The analysis reveals that the LEV on the fin dominates the overall thrust production for these swimmers and its enhancement therefore provides an effective and robust means for harnessing fish–fish hydrodynamic interactions in a school. In addition to confirming the potential energetic benefits of schooling, the LEV enhancement mechanism could be exploited in coordinated swimming of bioinspired multi-vehicle or multi-foil flapping foil propulsion systems.
The carbon footprint of scientific visibility
Authors: Berné Olivier , Agier Lydiane , Hardy Antoine , Lellouch Emmanuel , Aumont Olivier , Mariette Jérôme , Ben-Ari Tamara
Published: October 2022

In the face of global warming, academics have started to consider and analyze the environmental and carbon footprint associated with their professional activity. Among the several sources of greenhouse gas emissions from research activities, air travel—one of the most visible and unequal fractions of this footprint—has received much attention. Of particular interest is the question of how air travel may be related to scientific success or visibility as defined by current academic evaluation norms, notably bibliometric indicators. Existing studies, conducted over a small sample of individuals or within specific disciplines, have demonstrated that the number of citations may be related to air-travel frequency, but have failed to identify a link between air travel and publication rate or h-index. Here, using a comprehensive dataset aggregating the answers from over 6000 respondents to a survey sent to randomly selected scientists and staff across all research disciplines in France, we show that higher individual air travel is associated with a stronger publication rate and h-index. This relationship is robust to the inclusion of the effects of gender, career stage, and disciplines. Our analysis suggests that flying is a means for early-career scientists to obtain scientific visibility, and for senior scientists to maintain this visibility.
Perturbative connection formulas for Heun equations
Authors: Lisovyy O , Naidiuk A
Published: October 2022

Connection formulas relating Frobenius solutions of linear ODEs at different Fuchsian singular points can be expressed in terms of the large order asymptotics of the corresponding power series. We demonstrate that for the usual, confluent and reduced confluent Heun equation, the series expansion of the relevant asymptotic amplitude in a suitable parameter can be systematically computed to arbitrary order. This allows to check a recent conjecture of Bonelli-Iossa-Panea Lichtig-Tanzini expressing the Heun connection matrix in terms of quasiclassical Virasoro conformal blocks.
Influences of breath sample re-use on the accuracy of lung cancer detection dogs
Authors: Crawford Margaret A , Chang Catherina L , Hopping Sandra , Browne Clare M , Edwards Timothy L
Published: October 2022

Evaluations of dogs as lung cancer detectors using breath samples have produced a variety of results, some quite promising. Breath samples are typically collected onto a substrate and stored in a sealed container when not in use, but volatile compounds dissipate when the substrate is exposed during training and evaluation sessions. Collection of appropriate samples for training and testing dogs requires significant resources and strict control of recruitment and sample collection processes. Therefore, some researchers re-use samples while training dogs. No systematic evaluation of the effect of sample re-use on dogs’ training performance has been conducted, so the influence of this potentially important training factor is not known. We trained seven dogs to indicate the presence of lung cancer positive breath samples using an automated apparatus. The samples were stored at −60 °C or −80 °C. Samples from 460 individuals who were classified as positive or negative for lung cancer were used for training samples. Individual samples were presented to dogs up to four times over a period of 2 years. As sample re-use increased, sensitivity declined (−6.65, p = < .001, 95% CI [−10.56, −2.76]), specificity increased (2.87, p = .036, 95% CI [.19, 5.55]), and the dogs’ bias shifted in the direction of a negative indication bias (−.094, p = < .001, 95% CI [−.149, −.39]). However, there were no significant changes in the measure associated with the detectability of the target (−0.30, p = .285, 95% CI [−.087, .26]). All observed changes in performance across sample re-use were small. Therefore, these findings suggest that sample re-use may be appropriate for training, but additional research is required to determine which factors underly changes in performance as breath samples are re-used.
Development of wheat leaf blotches depending on soil tillage system
Authors: Bankina B , Kaņeps J , Darguža M , Bimšteine G
Published: October 2022

Conservative soil tillage is considered as the main tool to preserve soil fertility, to reduce gas emissions, and to save financial and labour resources. However, majority of researchers have found that different systems of reduced soil tillage increase the occurrence of slugs, weeds and diseases, including wheat diseases. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of reduced soil tillage on the severity of winter wheat leaf blotches. The influence of different soil tillage systems and crop rotation on the severity of winter wheat disease was evaluated in a two-factorial experiment: A – soil tillage system (A1 – traditional soil tillage with ploughing at the depth of 22–24 cm); A2 – reduced soil tillage with disc harrowing up to the depth of 10 cm); and B – different crop rotations (B1 – continuous winter wheat; B2 – winter wheat and oilseed rape were grown; B3 – crop rotation). The severity of diseases was determined approximately every 10 days during the whole vegetation season, the total disease impact was estimated by calculating the area under the disease progress curve. Tan spot, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and Septoria tritici blotch, caused by Zymoseptoria tritici dominated in trials during the entire research period. Soil tillage is the most important factor promoting the development of tan spot, continuous wheat sowings also increased the severity of tan spot. The development of Septoria tritici blotch did not depend on the agronomic practice applied.
The performance of a Multi-Stage Hybrid Reactor to treat real wastewater: Benzophenone and Diethyl Phthalate removal
Authors: Do Amaral Amanda Fraga , Cunha Deivisson Lopes , Marques Marcia
Published: October 2022

One of the consequences of the increasing diversity of new chemical compounds used in industrialized products is the release of these compounds as micropollutants (MPs) in the environment around the world, particularly in aqueous matrices. Benzophenone (BP) and Diethyl Phthalate (DEP), two MPs of environmental concern due to their potential toxicity are widely used and found with considerable concentrations mostly in wastewaters. Information about the efficiency of biological treatment in removing DEP from the wastewater is scarce and until recently, there was no information on the removal of BP. Due to the risks these substances pose to the human and environmental health there is a worldwide demand for the improvement of biological treatment plants with focus on the removal of these and other MPs, since conventional Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP) have very limited capacity to remove them and advanced treatment steps (e.g.: ozonation, photocatalysis, ultrafiltration.) increases substantially the treatment costs. A promising biological treatment approach for the removal of MPs combines fixed and suspended biomasses in the same reactor (hybrid reactors) and includes multiple compartments with different redox conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of a new Multi-Stage Hybrid Reactor, focusing on the removal of Benzophenone (BP) and Diethylphthalate (DEP). The pilot system has seven units (anaerobic, anoxic 1, aerobic, anoxic 2, re-aeration and 2 sedimentation tanks) and it was installed at a large Municipal WWTP in Rio to treat real domestic wastewater. The total volume was 400 L and 50% of the aerobic tank (120 L) was filled with carriers (support media). The reactor’s efficiency was evaluated during two periods: (a) one with predominantly suspended biomass and (b) another one with predominantly fixed biomass in the aerobic tank. The highly variable composition of the affluent, affecting the organic load, caused fluctuations in the treatment performance. Even though, multi-stage hybrid bioreactor was able to remove up to 69.6% of BP and up to 74.5% of DEP, being the highest removal efficiencies achieved during the period when the aerobic tank had predominantly fixed biomass.
“Overcoming the Limits”. The first results of an interdisciplinary scientific project
Authors: Andreev A I , Grinin A L , Ivanov D V , Popov V N
Published: October 2022

The title of our this plenary presentation, “Overcoming the Limits”, certainly echoes Meadows’ famous “The Limits to Growth,” which has played a prominent role in understanding the path of humanity towards the future. However, during the past fifty years both the concept and understanding of these limits have significantly changed. In this report, the concept of limits is understood more broadly then usual. It includes not only the process of overcoming the limits that hinder development, but also implies situations when such limits become irrelevant. Another important point of our title is that limits are not insurmountable. To put it more precisely, they are serious but solvable challenges which can and should be resolved. This paper reflects the concept, developed by the research team of Moscow State University, on the prospects of future world development.
Dependence of colour, OD254 and SUVA254 of river water from pollution by domestic wastewaters
Authors: Lelekin K , Cheremisin A , Andrianova M
Published: October 2022

In several points of rivers Toksa, Neva and water objects related to them chemical analysis of water was done, optical density at 254 nm (OD254) and SUVA254 were determined. Tributaries of the Toksa polluted by domestic wastewaters showed values increased several fold (compared to the Toksa waters) for: colour, OD254, TOC, electric conductivity (EC), concentrations of ammonium (up to 10 maximal allowable levels for surface waters) and chlorides. SUVA254 (in L/(mgTOC·m)) belonged to the following ranges: 1.8-3.0 in the Toksa and its source; 2.3-6.3 in its polluted tributaries; 2.7-3.5 in the Neva and its source; 2.1-2.6 in the tap water of St. Petersburg. For express control of the pollution in the Toksa and other rivers with similar properties measurement of EC and OD254 could be recommended. Control of organic matter content based solely on OD254 cannot be precise due to variations of SUVA254.
Restoration of surface soil contamination density to radionuclides at according to aerial photography
Authors: Grevtseva A S , Dmitriev R A , Zhuchenko A
Published: October 2022

The problems that arise in the surface layer of the soil during periodic emissions at nuclear power plants are considered. The necessity of constant monitoring of this soil layer at different times of the year is substantiated. Various methods of this control are considered. It has been established that it is extremely difficult to implement them in remote areas. A method has been developed for monitoring the surface layer of the soil using aerodynamic survey of the distribution of γ-radiation on the soil surface. This is extremely important during the preparation of agricultural fields for sowing crops in the spring. A new algorithm for restoring images obtained using aerodynamic imaging of γ-radiation is proposed. The results of a new algorithm for image processing and identification are presented.
Study of the impact of recultivated granite stone quarry dumps on the environment and agricultural land in the Leningrad region
Authors: Yakusheva M A , Davydov R V , Sanin S S , Karakotov S D
Published: October 2022

The environmental condition of the granite stone quarry dumps and the adjacent areas of Kuznechnoye village in the Leningrad Region of the Russian Federation was evaluated based on the results of field measurements of dust concentrations in the air (fraction size 1-10 microns) and analytical determination of chemical element contents in soil samples by spectral emission analysis and X-ray spectrometry methods. It has been established that dusting of unreclaimed dumps under conditions of humid climate, which is observed most of the year, and high pH values of soils leads to the formation of polyelement technogenic geochemical anomalies of Pb, Zn, Cu, Ba and Sr. The data obtained can be used in the selection of the most effective method of reclamation of dumps.