bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of serum calcium status at calving on survival, health, and performance of post-partum dairy cows and calves
Authors: Hunter A. , Maquivar M. G. , Bas S. , Brick T. A. , Weiss W. P. , Bothe H. , Velez J. , Schuenemann G. M.
Published: March 2023

Holstein dairy cows experiencing hypocalcemia at calving are more likely to experience dystocia, retain fetal membranes, and develop metritis or displaced abomasum, which affect survival, milk yield, and fertility. However, limited evidence is available in the literature about the effect of hypocalcemia (HYPO) of dams at calving on survival and health of calves. The objective was to assess the effect of clinical and subclinical HYPO (>8 mg/dL) at calving on survival, health, and performance of lactating dairy cows and calves.
effects of flunixin meglumine treatment and hoof trimming on lying behavior and locomotion in dairy cows
Authors: Chapel N. M. , Hulsman Hanna L. L. , Chapinal N. , Wagner S. A.
Published: March 2023

Lameness is a common disorder in US dairy herds and a welfare concern. Compared to non-lame cows, lame cows spend more time lying down. Although regular hoof trimming is often a component of lameness prevention efforts, increased lying time has been observed following hoof trimming, suggesting that it may cause discomfort in dairy cows. Preliminary work suggested that treatment with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug decreases the duration of increased lying time after hoof trimming. The objective of this study was to examine interactions between lameness, hoof trimming, and non-steroidal drug therapy. Our hypothesis was that cows treated with flunixin meglumine before and after hoof trimming would spend less time lying, have improved gait scores, and produce more milk than cows that had their hooves trimmed without concurrent drug treatment.
Effect of topical treatment of claw horn lesions with tetracycline-derivatives on plasma and milk concentrations
Authors: Coetzee J. , Kleinhenz K. , Pingsterhaus B. , Schleining J. , Wulf P. , Shearer J. , Shearer L.
Published: March 2023

Claw horn lesions frequently result in lameness, and these types of lesions are associated with environment and animal husbandry practices rather than infectious pathogens. The paucity of scientific literature pertaining to intervention strategies for these lesions promote therapeutic trimming techniques with or without the application of a hoof block to the contralateral claw and producer-dependent use of systemic antibiotics and analgesics. In a recent survey of hoof trimmers and veterinarians, 53% of trimmers and 59% of veterinarians reported using topical application of medications to solar lesion, with extra-label use of tetracycline-derivatives being the most frequently reported topical medication. In the advent of modern analytical technology, more sensitive assays are available to detect pharmaceuticals present in consumable animal products. These assays offer a more sensitive evaluation of residues involving the topical application of tetracycline-derivatives, which warrants concerns over the potential for violative residues. Given these lesions result in exposure of raw corium and granulation tissue, the potential of topical medications entering the systemic blood circulation in treated animals is possible, and yet, no research has assessed if extra-label use of tetracycline-derivatives results in violative drug residues in plasma and milk. Our hypothesis is extra-label use of tetracycline-derivatives results in drug residues in both plasma and milk; however, the concentrations would not surpass the Food and Drug Administration’s reported acceptable level, 300 ppb.
Management of common small ruminant medical and surgical diseases
Authors: Van Metre David C.
Published: March 2023

Every practitioner develops his or her own unique and efficient ways of doing things, and the author has collected a few of these tricks from personal experience, the veterinary literature, and veterinary technicians and practitioners. This seminar will include a variety of useful tips for a variety of commonly used procedures for South American camelids (SACs), sheep, and goats in a field setting.
Anesthesia in whitetail deer
Authors: Donley Shane
Published: March 2023

Anesthesia in whitetail deer can be very intimidating depending on your experience level. Your clients may have an extensive amount of field experience, but lack the knowledge to understand why certain protocols work better than others in certain situations. This discussion should provide you with a very practical over-view of anesthetic agents used commonly on deer farms. You will be able to help your clients know which agents to use when and why they would be the best choice.
value of using enhanced case definitions for the management of BRD in commercial feedlots
Authors: Lowe J. , Brattain K. , Taylor G. , Noffsinger T. , Taylor W. , French D. , Aldridge B.
Published: March 2023

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in cattle during the feeding period. Management of BRD cases relies on the observation of cattle behavioral changes by caregivers. This paper describes the use of multiple antemortem diagnostic technologies in combination to improve outcomes in the clinical management of BRD.
Evaluating total mixed rations
Authors: Pitman Lauren B.
Published: March 2023

Creating a well-balanced and properly mixed feed ration is essential to dairy cow productivity and health. The dairy's feeding manager should have two objectives: 1) to have the nutrient composition of the ration consumed by the cows the same as the one for the nutritionist’s ration on paper, and 2) for the nutrient profile of the freshly delivered feed to be the same as the one in the leftovers the next morning. Along with the ingredients loaded in the mixture, the particle size distribution plays an important role in determining the ration the cow actually consumes and digests. It is important to evaluate the total mixed ration (TMR) to determine whether there is an opportunity to improve at any step in the process of making the feed, including the forage harvest, ingredient loading and mixing, and feed delivery. Useful, on-farm tools like the Penn State Particle Separator (PSPS) have proven to be key in monitoring TMRs on a variety of levels. Recording PSPS results along with lab nutrient analysis results over time will create a history of what is being fed out and consumed by the cattle and allow for monitoring of trends and identifying potential issues.
Using serology to investigate reproductive failure due to Neospora caninum in beef herds
Authors: Daly R. F.
Published: March 2023

In late November 2013, a diagnosis of abortion due to Neospora caninum was made in a fetus aborted from a coming second-calf cow in a north-central South Dakota beef herd. The cow was 1 of 81 bred cows purchased at a sale earlier that month. Following the abortion, the purchased group was re-examined for pregnancy and 21/81 cows previously confirmed pregnant were found open. Nine other South Dakota ranchers were identified as having purchased bred cows from the same sale. The sale was held on November 19, 2013 at a north-central South Dakota auction market. All cows originated from a single North Dakota ranch. The heifers were bred to calve in May 2014, and were ultrasounded to confirm pregnancy by a veterinarian on October 17, 2013.
Zelnate™
Authors: Nickell J. , Keil D. , Settje T.
Published: March 2023

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) continues to have a major economic impact on the beef and dairy industries while public perception supports reduced antimicrobial use. The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of a novel non-antimicrobial, CpG motif-based DNA immunostimulant formulated in a liposome carrier (Zelnate) in the management of BRD. The program was composed of 2 phases: 1) product development and licensure, and 2) evaluation of the clinical benefit of Zelnate relative to a commercially available antimicrobial when administered in a metaphylactic fashion.
Reimagining our Academic Journeys through Spiritual Metaphor
Authors: Collay Michelle , Gehrig Sandra , Lesniak Valerie , Mayer Carol
Published: March 2023

Four mid-life women examine their individual and collective pilgrimages through,near and around the academy. Our pilgrimages are spiritual, moral, social, anddevelopmental in a variety of ways. Our scholarship reflects these perspectives withlanguage, research frameworks, and metaphors for understanding. We offer womenof, within, and about the academy the metaphors as lenses to understand ouracademic journeys. So much of our language about recent membership in theacademy depicts being "other" and about exclusion and indifference, we feltcompelled to take a proactive stance about our own journeys. The language ofthese spiritually-grounded metaphors are a beginning.
Crossing Borders: An Analysis of the Characteristics and Attributes of Female Public School Principals
Authors: Holtkamp Leslie A.
Published: March 2023

The female principal"šs role is diverse, fragmented, and involves numerous decisionsdaily. It is important for women to be able to identify and evaluate their ownpersonal characteristics.Leadership has been the central focus of research in the field of educationaladministration. Most studies have largely been based on the experiences of whitemales (Blackmore, 1989; Capper, 1993; Glazer, 1991) in the field of schooladministration. Historically, leadership roles have been held by men (Capper, 1993;Sloan, 1999). Because of this social attitude, women have been reluctant to pursueeducational, administrative leadership positions (Epp, 1993).As of the mid-1990"šs, women comprised 50% of the workforce. Women held 13%of management positions, and held only 7% of executive positions (Hagberg,1998). In the areas of school administration, men outnumber women four to one atthe administrative level (Lynch, 1990). "In the years between 1928 and 1984, thenumber of women principals continually dropped from 55 % to 18%" (Lynch, 1990,p. 336). These data mirror the drop in the representation of women throughout theeducational administration field (Capper, 1993; Sloan 1999). While a recent surveyof school superintendents indicated that the number of women at all levels ofschool administration is slowly increasing; women's representation in schooladministration is far from being proportionate to their numbers in education(Hagberg, 1998; Sloan, 1999). Sloan (1999) reported that the number of Australianfemale principals have increased from 15.3% in 1991 to 29.5% in 1999. TheAustralian Department of Education Secretary, Geoff Spring, has increased effortsto train and promote female teachers to administrative positions (Sloan, 1999). Ata 1998 conference, Spring said, "Women make up almost 70% of the workforce inschool education, are highly qualified and achieving increasing success as they seekand obtain formal leadership roles." He stressed the importance of pride andpersonal achievement of women in leadership roles but noted, "There isconsiderable distance to be traveled before women are present in leadership rolesin the same ratio as in the education workforce" (Spring, 1998). A specialleadership program has been designed for aspiring women educational leaders inAustralia to help close the gap (Sloan, 1999).All women experience barriers. When Black women enter educationaladministration, there are internal and external barriers to overcome (Gregory,1999). Gregory (1999) stated that internal barriers are based on both perceptionsof one's capability to work in a leadership role, and personal leadership styles.External barriers are described as barriers that an individual has no control over.External barriers might include lack of resources and not being included incollaborative projects. Also, many black women have reported feelings of isolation(Gregory, 1999).
Can you be an effective principal when you don"št smoke, swing a club, or ride a Harley?
Authors: Jacobs Jacqueline E.
Published: March 2023

Perhaps, the day will come when men and women administrators will learn with,and from each other, without having to consider whether it earns (or costs them)"brownie point" with the superintendent.The increasing desire for essential leadership skills that promote collaboration,consensus building, and empowerment of others has resulted in more opportunitiesfor women (Logan, 1998) in educational administration. According to Patterson(1994), there "exists a world view in which gender and racial equity issues are nolonger considered to be a problem" (p. 2). And, Logan (1998) suggests, "althoughproblems still persist and much remains to be done to remove gender filters in theworkplace, conditions are favorable for advancing gender equity" (p. 4). Yet, at themost basic levels of interaction, administrators may not exhibit collaboration,consensus building and supportive empowerment when interacting with each other.Consider this: if you don't smoke cigars, play golf, or ride a motorcycle, howeffective can you be as an administrator? Even when you know something aboutbeing a good principal and educational leader, if you don't participate in the socialactivities supported by the superintendent you can't help but wonder if yourteachers and students would be better off if you did. Patterson (1994) reminds us"we live in a society in which white men define and legitimate the dominant culture"(p. 3). This is a tale of how true that still is.
The View From The Female Principal's Desk
Authors: Smith Agnes E. , Rosalind Hale P.
Published: March 2023

More than in past years, females are enrolling in educational administration programs and aspiring to beto school principals, central office administrators, and superintendents. Efforts to increase the number offemale employees by businesses, industries, and public agencies encourage women to work towardadvanced degrees and apply for administrative positions typically regarded as male positions. Successfulwomen are written about in newspaper articles and magazine features more often than ever before. Thesewomen leaders serve as role models to inspire other women to follow in their professional wake.Aburdene and Naisbitt (1992) write that "the women's movement has reached "˜critical mass,' the point atwhich a trend becomes a megatrend." If this trend continues, opportunities for professional advancementand increased salaries for women will result.
Mentoring Females and Minorities into Higher Education
Authors: Patterson Janice , Dahle Karen , Nix Mary , Collins Loucrecia , Abbott Gypsy
Published: March 2023

Whether we see through the lens of gender or ethnicity, the perception of self defines our work. The lossof women and people of color from tenure earning positions in higher education argues for moreproductive initiatives if we are to attract, retain, and promote female and minority faculty (Howard-Vital& Morgan, 1993). The literature overwhelmingly supports the benefits of mentoring in easing theloneliness and confusion that can derail women and people of color in higher education (Howard-Vital &Morgan).
Context Factors Related to Women Attrition From a Graduate Science Program:
Authors: Ferreira Maria Madalena
Published: March 2023

Seeing that the average brain-weight of women is about five ounces less than that of men, onmerely anatomical grounds we should be prepared to expect a marked inferiority ofintellectual power in the former. (Romanes, 1887, p. 383)Arguments such as this one, seeking to bar women's access to higher education, were still common in thepopular science press by the end of the 19th century. Yet, in this unwelcoming climate, many womenmade important contributions to science (Rossiter, 1974). Some of them, Jane Colden (1724-1766), MariaMitchell (1818-1889), and Mary Somerville (1780-1872), were mostly self-taught or learned sciencewhile helping their scientist fathers (Rossiter, 1974). However, many at the time dismissed these earlywomen scientists as aberrations as illustrated by an article in an 1887 issue of The Popular ScienceMonthly:
The Price of Success: Senior Academic Women's Stress and Life Choices
Authors: Gerdes Eugenia Proctor
Published: March 2023

The fact that stress has a detrimental effect on health and well-being is welldocumented,although the complex relationships are far from delineated. Onemajor controversy involves whether women's traditional roles or the higher statusprofessional and leadership positions, held predominantly by men, are morestressful for women. Although some argue that women will suffer more stressrelateddisorders as they move into high pressure jobs or as they combine workand family roles, the preponderance of data show that women are least healthywhen they hold traditional family roles alone (see Barnett & Hyde, 2001). Even so,the same work environment can be more detrimental for women than for men if theexpectations of that environment are structured more appropriately for men thanfor women (see Gerdes, 1995). Higher education is just such a traditionally maleenvironment; and it is an important environment to examine because of theincreasing presence of women as faculty and administrators, and because highereducation itself is more than a venue for women's leadership and success.Institutions of higher learning prepare the men and women who become leadersacross our society, and higher education arguably represents a society's highestpotential for "preserving, transmitting and enlarging on what is best in the culture"(Farley, 1990, p. 194)
Legitimated Violence in Schools: The Power Behind the Paddle
Authors: Lee Sharon Shockley
Published: March 2023

Corporal punishment is a form of discipline in which an adult deliberately inflictspain on children to correct misbehavior (Paintal, 1999). Since the colonial period,corporal punishment has been accepted and practiced in American schools.Although use has steadily declined since the 1970s, the Center for EffectiveDiscipline (2000) estimates that public school officials administer corporalpunishment to more than two thousand American schoolchildren every day. Thispaper examines one principal's use of corporal punishment. The analysis unmasksfour forces that legitimate corporal punishment: tradition, law, religion, andhegemonic masculinity. The conclusion identifies alternatives for just and humanetreatment of schoolchildren.
Conversation and Voice: Feminist Mentoring for Social and Political Change
Authors: Sernak Kathleen S. , May Jill P.
Published: March 2023

Although women have studied and written about their positions in the academy forsome time, it is only through ground-breaking work of Belenky, M. F., Clinchy, B. M.,Goldberger, N. R. & Tarule, J. M. (1986), that we have formally acknowledged thatwomen learn, construct, and process knowledge and events differently from men.They determined that women learned in relation to one another, that collaborativelearning superseded competition, and that females perceived teaching and learningin relation to self. That research in turn has led to further understandings of poweræ power in relation to what is valued as the legitimate construction of knowledgeand what is valued as knowledge per se. Campbell (1997), Gore (1993), Lewis(1993) and others have commented articulately on the need to view women'seducation as different in one way or another, yet recognize that such apperception,if accepted, concomitantly supposes a shift in power relations
A Study of the Correlation Between the Motives of Female High Self Monitors and Emergent Leadership: A Literature Review
Authors: Slater Charles
Published: March 2023

In 1972, researchers reported that only 4% of the Master ofBusiness Administration graduates were women. This figurenow exceeds 33%. Similarly, in 1972, women occupied about20% of non-clerical, white-collar jobs. This figure has nowgrown to more than 46% (Sharpe, 1994). Sharpe alsocontended that in 1972, only 17% of all managerial positionswere held by women, but by 1994 that number had increasedby 43%. Although women have flooded managerial positions inrecent years, concern still remains about what some refer to as a"glass ceiling" that prohibits women from reaching the topmostlevels of corporate leadership. Ragins, Townsend, and Mattis(1998) stated that, of the most highly compensated corporateexecutives in Fortune 500 companies only 2% are currentlywomen and only .4% of the Fortune 1000 Chief ExecutiveOfficer, (CEO), positions are held by women. Maruca (1997)promulgated that male CEOs blamed the "glass ceiling" onwomen's lack of experience and time in organizations. In thesame study, however, female executives disagreed citingexclusionary corporate cultures as the reason for their lack ofadvancement to top management positions. This paper looks atone of the human behaviors known to be compatible withemergent leadership, self-monitoring behavior, and its possiblerelationship to the "glass ceiling" prohibiting women'sadvancement within corporations
Outstanding Female Superintendents: Profiles in Leadership
Authors: Funk Carol
Published: March 2023

Suffrage efforts in the early 1900s boosted women into educational leadershiproles. At this time, superintendents throughout the United States were selectedthrough county elections (Blount,1999). Because many of these county districts hadmale superintendents who were corrupt and used dishonest financial andadministrative practices, women were elected to replace many of the men who hadpreviously held these positions. The victories of these female superintendent weresustained by honesty, credibility, and success in their roles, and by 1930, Blountnoted that women held nearly 28% of the nation's superintendencies. In a move to"turn out the ladies," however, male superintendency groups began a nationalpolitical effort to have school superintendents appointed instead of electing them.These powerful men did not want women to retain their elected positions assuperintendents and argued that superintendents should not be elected in publicelections that were so "politically charged." The voters did not see through thispolitical ruse and agreed to the appointment of school superintendents instead ofan elective process. Because the people who were set up to appoint thesuperintendents were all men, the women who previously held superintendentpostitions began to decline; thereafter, males were appointed to nearly all of thesuperintendent positions across the nation. As a result, female superintendents allbut disappeared in the United States after several decades of progress had beenmade.
Governance Gumbo
Authors: Kallio Brenda , Hudson Gerald
Published: March 2023

School RouxSchool roux, the base of a governance gumbo, distinguishes a gumbo from aneveryday bowl of stew. Great chefs have long understood that quality ingredientsand appropriate mixing procedures are critical to the creation of a robust gumbo.
Appeasing Women Faculty: A Case Study in Gender Politics
Authors: Wasburn Mara H.
Published: March 2023

Consistent with decades of research, the present study suggests that careersatisfaction of many academic women can be affected significantly by theirexperience and/or perception of the way in which their university deals with anumber of specific gender-related issues.
Groundbreaking Women: Inspirations and Trailblazers
Authors: Polnick Barbara , Reed Dianne , Funk Carole , Edmonson Stacey
Published: March 2023

What do a female pilot, a Chief Justice, a basketball player, and a Fortune 500 CEOhave in common? Recognized as being the first to achieve or accomplish aparticular honor, position, or skill in their various roles, these women are allmembers of a special group known as groundbreakers. In this article, we share theeleven common characteristics or traits of twenty-one women who, in addition tomaking significant contributions to their individual fields, inspired others to pursuegoals previously unattained by women. Descriptions of each of these traits areenhanced by examples from the stories of eleven of the twenty-one women""somewhom you will know and some whom you probably will not.
Envisioning New Forms of Praxis: Reflective Practice and Social Justice Education in a Higher Education Graduate Programs
Authors: Kline Kimberly A. , Gardner Megan Moore
Published: March 2023

Student affairs graduate programs tend to prepare individuals via theory but do not engage in dialogue thataddresses how to transfer that theory into practice. In many cases, social justice issues are neglected. Asstudent affairs scholars/practitioners and women, we find ourselves engaged in conversations withcolleagues about a shared concern: entry-level student affairs professionals are not adequately prepared tosurvive the political environment of higher education. In an effort to illuminate our understanding of thisdilemma, we focused on this shared concern with a deep interest in creating some type of actionable changewithin student affairs preparation programs. Our research indicates that understanding individual socialaction theories is intrinsic to building a community that supports diversity. Habermas (1990) speaks to thetheory of "communicative action," or a process of building understanding among groups of individuals.Habermas' concept of communicative action can serve as an analogy for both the instructor and the studentin a student affairs graduate classroom. In accordance with this analogy, the instructor and students areoriented toward discovering their own meaning, personally and as a group, while accessing theories that areapplicable in student affairs practice
Re-Constructing the Leadership Model of Social Justice for African-American Women in Education
Authors: Grimes Mary L.
Published: March 2023

The mainstream epistemology about women in educational leadership roles has been constructed,canonized, and theorized from a white hegemonic female perspective. The early literature about women asleaders include The Managerial Woman (Henning & Jardim, 1977); Men and Women of the Corporation(Kanter, 1977); Paths to Power (Josefowitz, 1980); The Androgynous Manager (Sargent, 1981); Women andMen as Leaders (Heller, 1982); In a Different Voice (Gilligan, 1982); and Feminine Leadership (Loden,1985). This literature suggests that women lead from a different frame of reference due to their socializationprocess. Because of male dominated managerial customs that exist in the workplace, in some instances, theyexperience obstacles to leadership. Recent mainstream white female scholars like Shakeshaft (1989) andBensimon (1989) suggest that the feminist perspective is not recognized in the leadership literature.Shakeshaft posits that women's leadership experiences are generalized into one category and that theleadership discussion appears androcentric in nature. Bensimon (1989) suggests that the prevailingleadership theories do not take into account that "women experience the social world differently than mendo and that this translates into a particular epistemology and a particular ethic.it translates into a differentexperience of leadership.gender must be taken into consideration" (Bensimon, 1989, p. 146).
A Pedagogy of Awareness: Death Education as an Introduction to Social Consciousness
Authors: White Linda L.
Published: March 2023

I have been teaching a senior level college course entitled Death and Dying - off and on - for more than tenyears. At my university it is a philosophy course, though it is multi-disciplinary and could be taught in otherdepartments as well; it is taught around the country in departments of sociology, psychology, healthsciences, and religion. I began teaching this course as a result of a tragic loss in my own life. I wanted tobring to others what I had learned as a consequence of that experience and my own exploration through theterritory of grief and loss. It seemed to me at the time that most of us are unprepared to deal with some ofthe blows that life may deal us - especially in contemporary America - and some basic foundationalknowledge in this area could enable people to function better in times of crisis than they might without thisinformation.
Factors Influencing the Willingness to Mentor Females in Leadership Positions within Campus Recreation: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Bower Glenna G. , Hums Mary A. , John Keedy L.
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine how mentoring played a role in advancing women in leadershippositions within campus recreation from a historical perspective. The present study investigated two areas ofinquiry within campus recreation: (a) what were the individual reasons for mentoring women within campusrecreation? and (b) what organizational factors inhibited or facilitated mentoring women
Helping Non-tenured Education Faculty Get Published in Peer-reviewed Journals
Authors: Sanacore Joseph
Published: March 2023

If university trustees and administrators in the United States require junior faculty to publish or perish, thenthey should provide extensive support for this requirement. Such support is evident in the School ofEducation at the C.W. Post Campus of Long Island University, where administrators and faculty becameteam members and held cooperatively planned informal get-togethers with non-tenured faculty. Theseinformal sessions focused on pertinent topics aimed at getting published in peer-reviewed journals. Thetopics included: (a) synthesizing a dissertation and condensing it into a manuscript format; (b) increasing anawareness of the format, content, editorial policy, and audience of journals for which authors intend tosubmit a manuscript; (c) realizing creative potential and being aware of methods that kill creativity; (d)becoming a serious critic and editor of one's own work; (e) weighing the benefits of submitting manuscriptsto themed issues or regular issues of journals; (f) selecting journals that represent one's currentdevelopmental level of research and writing and that the university considers acceptable; (g) consideringelectronic journals as viable options for publishing; (h) thinking about presenting a paper at a convention butrealizing its pros and cons; and (i) managing a busy academic year while being productive and visible, butnot exhausted
Gendered Emotion Management and Perceptions of Affective Culture in a Military Nonprofit Organization
Authors: CALLAHAN JAMIE L.
Published: March 2023

This paper explores the emotion work conducted by men and women in a nonprofit organization and theirperceptions of the feeling rules in the organization. The study found that qualitative differences showingthat women performed more emotion work than men were supported by a quantitative survey that measuredperceptions of affective culture. Specifically, women were more likely than men to say that the culture ofthe organization required members to be affectively neutral (p<.007).
Succeeding in Academia: Practical Strategies for Achieving Tenure and Promotion at Research Universities
Authors: Ferreira Maria
Published: March 2023

Achieving tenure and promotion is an integral process to becoming a member of the academy's community.Tenure provides job security, ensures academic freedom, and protects faculty from institutional threats. Asnewcomers in the academy, women and minorities face challenges not previously encountered by theirwhite male peers. Research indicates that in addition to scholarly, pedagogical, political, and personalissues, the tenure process for women and minorities also includes issues of gender and race. This paperprovides women and minority faculty on the tenure track at research universities with practical strategiesintended to facilitate their tenure and promotion process. The strategies focus on the three areas used intenure and promotion decisions: research, teaching, and service.
Finding My Voice:An African-American Female Professor at a Predominantly White University
Authors: Marbley Aretha Faye
Published: March 2023

Drawing from her personal experience, the author shares concrete examples from her promotion and tenurereview, including the experience of social integration issues and the ramifications that the higher educationenvironment had on her personal and professional attitudes as an African-American female faculty member.Included in the discussion is her feeling isolated, devalued, and unwelcomed. She discusses how her valuesystems, culture, ethnicity, and behavior patterns often conflict with those held by the university and whitefaculty members and students, and finally, how these conditions disempowered and suppressed her voice asa female faculty and faculty member of color.
An Exploration of the Trust-Commitment Cultural Model and Its Role in the Success of Women Entrepreneurs
Authors: Davis Jack , Vequist David G. , Merrell Ronald
Published: March 2023

Survey data analysis in three stages over a five year period is reported to explore the idea that successfulwomen business owners develop and utilize a "culture of trust and commitment" in their firms and that thisculture is a fundamental contributor to their high financial and organizational performance. Responses ofmore than 1,000 employees from 18 small businesses (14 owned by women, 4 by men) to the 95 questionsof the Quality Leadership Survey (QLS) are given. The QLS in part directly assesses the broad concept ofculture and the specific constructs of trust and commitment. Extensive statistical calculations are employedto examine the possibility that trust and commitment are closely linked and are the foundation of a distinctculture created and nurtured by outstanding women entrepreneurs. The authors believe the education andtraining on the subject of culture will be very helpful to current and future entrepreneurs.
Designing a Conference for Women Entering Academe in the Sciences and Engineering
Authors: Howarth Jonathan , Pyla Pardha S. , Yost Beth , Haciahmetoglu Yonca , Young Deb , Ball Robert , Lambros Stelios , Layne Peggy
Published: March 2023

Women are underrepresented among faculty in the sciences and engineering. The National Science Foundation's ADVANCE program seeks to address this issue through comprehensive and creative strategies aimed at institutional transformation. Virginia Tech's ADVANCE program (AdvanceVT) hosted a conference for women in the academic pipeline to facilitate their entry into academic careers. This paper discusses our efforts in designing this conference; we hope that it will help to address the relative lack of literature on conference design and provide a starting point for others who are designing conferences. We first introduce four conference design heuristics that emerged during the process of determining what information to present at the AdvanceVT conference and how to present it: (1) undertake requirements elicitation, (2) choose an appropriate modality for presenting information, (3) account for interactions, and (4) emphasize shared interests and traits. We then discuss the application of these heuristics to the first design iteration of the AdvanceVT conference. Included in the discussion of the application of the heuristics are the results of three requirements elicitation activities: an online survey, focus groups, and interviews.
Prime Minister Mrs. Margaret Thatcher Advancing Gender Equality: Recruitment, Roles, Pay, and Pensions in the Armed Forces
Authors: Segell Dr. Glen M.
Published: March 2023

Margaret Thatcher, the United Kingdom 's first female Prime Minister, moved to initiate policy that wouldsee gender equality in recruitment and pay in the armed forces, but not for pensions or combatant roles. In areview of the events and Thatcher's formulation of policy toward women in the armed forces, as a debate ongender equality and social justice, the salient variables and issues taken into consideration include:Thatcher's personal agenda; her ideological position; her policy priorities; her relations with womenorganizations; the domestic and international political situation in which she lived; and such concerns thatshe might have entertained, such as appearing to show favoritism toward other women or indeed appearingto be weak. Thatcher, the Member of Parliament, had preference to gender equality, though, once electedPrime Minister, prioritized pragmatism and patriotism due to circumstances.
Putting The Web to Work For Women A Global Electronic Networking Structure To Support Women
Authors: Glasscock Gretchen
Published: March 2023

Women are no longer asking men if they can join the game. The Net has allowed them to route aroundmen and start their own game.
Perception is Reality: Perceptions of Employment Characteristics of Women in Administration
Authors: Shepard I. Sue
Published: March 2023

It is important for women to be aware of differences in perceived employment characteristics as they seekpositions in educational administration. An awareness of these perceptions will allow women theopportunity to present themselves in a manner which will counteract these perceptions
Leadership Styles and Gender Role: Internalization among Female Managers in the United States
Authors: Young Jennifer J.
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the level of gender role internalization influences female leadership style. A quantitative online survey was developed that included Bass's Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (1985) and the Gender Role Socialization Scale (1999), developed at the University of Toronto by Dr. Brenda Toner and her colleagues. One hundred respondents were recruited from Financial Women International, a professional business association of women, and LinkendIn, an online networking community for business professionals. Only respondents who were female and in management positions in the United States qualified for the study. Results indicated that there was no strong correlation between gender role internalization and leadership style in females.
The Role of Interpreters in Sense-Making by Women Leaders
Authors: Earley Penelope M. , Applegate Jane H. , Tarule Jill M.
Published: March 2023

In this study, we examine individual sense-making by women leaders using meta-synthesis, a modification of meta-ethnography, to analyze 11 vignettes written by women leaders published in three prior studies. The data were coded and the text analyzed, to create a new interpretation from the existing qualitative studies. Two theoretical lenses informed this study: gendered leadership in education contexts and sense-making. The data were organized into five categories and common to all was the finding that the women leaders tested their perceptions of events as a form of sense-making. Using Dervin's (2003) "situations-gaps-users" model we determined that most of the women relied upon interpreters (who in general are neither formal mentors nor advisors) to help them bridge information gaps.
Stepping Stones: Nine Lessons from Women Leaders in Academic Medicine
Authors: Palmer Megan M. , Hoffmann-Longtin Krista J. , Walvoord Emily C. , Dankoski Mary E.
Published: March 2023

Women now make up half of all medical school matriculates; yet few women hold leadership positions in academic health centers. The reasons for this gender gap are complex and have been the subject of much discussion. However, the experiences of women who successfully ascend to positions of senior leadership are rarely examined. It is critical to develop a greater understanding of women's paths to leadership positions in order to inspire and enable more women to seek such opportunities. Using a semi-structured protocol, we interviewed 16 women leaders who were willing to share their career journeys in a public forum. These leaders were asked to share pivotal moments or milestones, referred to as "stepping stones," in their careers. The interviews were taped, transcribed and analysed for significant patterns and consistent themes. Nine themes were identified and included: hold fast to your values; be open to unexpected opportunities; surround yourself with people who believe in you and people you believe in; be assertive in your communication and actions; continually refine your leadership skills; don't take things personally; stay organized; build positive relationships and welcoming environments; and when and if necessary, prove them wrong. The women leaders had strikingly similar lessons to share. This study develops a deeper understanding of the career paths of women in leadership positions, setting the stage for future study as well as encouraging and empowering more women to climb the leadership ladder.
Understanding Women's Career Goals across Ethnic Identities
Authors: O'Neill Regina M. , Shapiro Mary , Ingols Cynthia , Blake-Beard Stacy
Published: March 2023

Research on women's careers has been evolving over the last 50 years. Initially, research on men's careers was used to explain women's goals, barriers, and strategies; then White women's careers were used to explain all women's careers, regardless of race and ethnicity; finally, contemporary research breaks the homogenous, monolithic group of "women" into meaningful ethic groups. This study of 860 U.S. managerial women extends that research by comparing the career goals of White women, Black women, Asian women, and Latina women. Factor analyses show differences across all ethnic groups in how women strive for different career goals: contemporary goals (self-actualization and impact on the community), balance goals (claiming life outside of work), and conventional goals (measuring success by money and position). We offer explanations for the differences, directions for future research, and implications for women seeking leadership.
Women in Love and Men at Work: The Evolving Heterosexual Couple?
Authors: Punyanunt-Carter Narissra M. , Carter Stacy L.
Published: March 2023

We studied how the participants incorporated their emotions, feelings and behaviors into their relationships on an everyday basis. In our study, we focused on how women are viewed as being very emotional and how men show little to no emotion in their heterosexual relationship. Our findings indicate what system women and men build their relationships upon and how they differ from each other. Hopefully, men and women will understand that there are gender differences and that they will have to compromise on what they personally want in a relationship.
Women's Talk about Mentoring and Socialization in Local Policies
Authors: Jurczak Linda Pysher
Published: March 2023

Research on mentoring and socialization in organizations determined that there are benefits to mentors, protégés, and organizations derived from these relationships (Burlew, 1991; Kram, 1983). However, previous research largely ignores mentoring and socialization at all levels of politics and political organizations and this study attempts to address this oversight. I pose questions about the extent to which women are mentored in local politics and political organizations. If they are being mentored, who is doing the mentoring? Are they being socialized into politics and political organizations and, if so, by whom? A total of nine women were interviewed and shared their experiences of mentoring and socialization in local politics. Interviewees ranged in age from the early 30s to the late 70s and from School Board to Mayor.
Comparing Two Female Superintendents' First Years: Challenges and Successes
Authors: Isernhagen Jody , Bulkin Nadia
Published: March 2023

This article investigates the journeys of two first-year female superintendents. A qualitative descriptive analysis of the superintendents' journals reveals not only how their experiences differed, but what factors contributed to a more positive or negative first year as a superintendent: (a) the superintendents' relationship with their school board; (b) their ability to network within the school community; and (c) the school district's willingness to change. This article provides insights into how different professional environments can help or challenge a new superintendent, as well as recommendations for maneuvering through these environments.
Women Superintendents: Promotion of Other Women to Central Office Administration
Authors: Sampson Pauline M. , Gresham Gloria , Applewhite Stephanie , Roberts Kerry
Published: March 2023

More women are leading schools in the role of superintendent, but numbers are still low when compared to men. There is limited research connecting women superintendents and the promotion of other women to leadership positions. Archival data from Texas schools showed that there is no difference between districts led by women superintendents or males for percentages of women central office leaders.
Increasing the Proportion of Female Superintendents in the 21st Century
Authors: Wallace Teresa
Published: March 2023

With the proportion of females in the superintendency being 23% in 2012, and increasing by only 0.7% annually, it will take nearly 80 years for females to be proportionately represented in public schools. This study sample consisted of 63 female superintendents, representing 51% of the overall population of female superintendents in the 6 southeastern states where the study took place. The 6 states were chosen because each has approximately the national average of female superintendents. Female superintendents in the six southeastern states were asked what advice they would give to aspiring female superintendents and to recommend strategies for increasing the proportion of females in the superintendency. Participants offered valuable advice to aspiring female superintendents on how to navigate the system and be successful. They recommended practical strategies for attracting female candidates and increasing the proportion of females in the superintendency.
WOMEN AS LEADERS: PIECING TOGETHER THEIR REFLECTIONS ON LIFE AND THE PRINCIPALSHIP
Authors: Colflesh Nancy Anne
Published: March 2023

The artists of quilting have used form,materials, and practicesquite different from those that, untilrecently have been identified with "art" . . .. You are clearly in the presence of artistsof high technical excellence and designquality who were not treated or recognizedas artists until the women's movement. Aquilt was made to be used. It wasintegrated into particularistic relations - thepiece of her grandmother's dress, herdaughter's pinafore - and was sometimesmade by a group of women workingtogether. The making itself and thefriendships were built into the design, thecollection of fabrics, the stitching . . . .(Smith, 1987, p. 23)
Successful Women Leaders: Achieving Resiliency through Rituals and Resources
Authors: DeTrude Judith A. , Vicki S. Stanfield Vicki S. Stanfield
Published: March 2023

"Women who are resilient and successful have incorporated creative rituals into thStories of successful women often reflect the struggles they have overcome to reach great heights ofexcellence. What made the difference in these women when many others were unable to tame the demonsthat invaded their lives? This article examines the resiliency factor of several successful women andidentifies their ability to rebound from early hardship to lead normal, fulfilling lives through the use ofrituals and relationships.eir daily routines."