bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α mediates reflux-induced epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in Barrett’s oesophagus patients
Authors: Zhang Qiuyang , Dunbar Kerry B , Odze Robert D , Agoston Agoston T , Wang Xuan , Su Tianhong , Nguyen Anh D , Zhang Xi , Spechler Stuart Jon , Souza Rhonda F
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP), the process through which epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal features, is needed for wound repair but also might contribute to cancer initiation. Earlier, in vitro studies showed that Barrett’s cells exposed to acidic bile salt solutions (ABS) develop EMP. Now, we have (1) induced reflux oesophagitis in Barrett’s oesophagus (BO) patients by stopping proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), (2) assessed their biopsies for EMP and (3) explored molecular pathways underlying reflux-induced EMP in BO cells and spheroids.

Methods

15 BO patients had endoscopy with biopsies of Barrett’s metaplasia while on PPIs, and 1 and 2 weeks after stopping PPIs; RNA-seq data were assessed for enrichments in hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), angiogenesis and EMP pathways. In BO biopsies, cell lines and spheroids, EMP features (motility) and markers (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), ZEB1, miR-200a&b) were evaluated by morphology, migration assays, immunostaining and qPCR; HIF-1α was knocked down with siRNA or shRNA.

Results

At 1 and/or 2 weeks off PPIs, BO biopsies exhibited EMP features and markers, with significant enrichment for HIF-1α, angiogenesis and EMP pathways. In BO cells, ABS induced HIF-1α activation, which decreased miR-200a&b while increasing VEGF, ZEB1 and motility; HIF-1α knockdown blocked these effects. After ABS treatment, BO spheroids exhibited migratory protrusions showing nuclear HIF-1α, increased VEGF and decreased miR-200a&b.

Conclusions

In BO patients, reflux oesophagitis induces EMP changes associated with increased HIF-1α signalling in Barrett’s metaplasia. In Barrett’s cells, ABS trigger EMP via HIF-1α signalling. Thus, HIF-1α appears to play a key role in mediating reflux-induced EMP that might contribute to cancer in BO.

Trial registration number

NCT02579460
.
Assessment of the suitability of greensand filtration for Mn removal for private wells
Authors: Di Battista Vanessa , Smillovich Juliana , Hausladen Debra
Published: April 2024

Greensand filtration is a common treatment option for manganese, sulfide, and iron removal; poor maintenance, however, can compromise effectiveness and even lead to increased post-treatment Mn concentrations. A private drinking-water well in exceedance of Health Canada’s maximum allowable concentration for Mn was sampled over a 1-year period to assess Mn removal via greensand filtration. Mn concentrations post-treatment were on average twofold higher than raw well water prior to media change. Reducing conditions, evidenced by negative oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) of the effluent, were central to generating soluble Mn(II). Monitoring revealed that water usage patterns caused variability in post-treatment Mn, with peak concentrations (>3.5× higher than influent water) observed after a 7-day idle period. As inadequate oxidant addition can lead to reducing conditions, monitoring ORP may facilitate proxy surveillance for Mn release. Findings underscore the importance of human factors (e.g., aesthetic concerns, barriers to maintenance, perceived risk) when evaluating overall benefits and drawbacks of treatment systems.
Early career wins and tournament prestige characterize tennis players’ trajectories
Authors: Zappalà Chiara , Sousa Sandro , Cunha Tiago , Pluchino Alessandro , Rapisarda Andrea , Sinatra Roberta
Published: April 2024

Success in sports is a complex phenomenon that has only garnered limited research attention. In particular, we lack a deep scientific understanding of success in sports like tennis and the factors that contribute to it. Here, we study the unfolding of tennis players’ careers to understand the role of early career stages and the impact of specific tournaments on players’ trajectories. We employ a comprehensive approach combining network science and analysis of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) tournament data and introduce a novel method to quantify tournament prestige based on the eigenvector centrality of the co-attendance network of tournaments. Focusing on the interplay between participation in central tournaments and players’ performance, we find that the level of the tournament where players achieve their first win is associated with becoming a top player. This work sheds light on the critical role of the initial stages in the progression of players’ careers, offering valuable insights into the dynamics of success in tennis.
Quantum image representations based on density matrices in open quantum systems
Authors: Hu Yingying , Lu Dayong , Zhang Qianqian , Xu Meiyu
Published: April 2024

So far, research on quantum image representation has gone through more than 20 years. During this time, the quantum image representation models used have almost all been based on state vectors. However, in practical problems, the environment and the principal quantum system cannot be separated, and isolated quantum systems do not exist in principle. This case is often referred to as an open quantum system. In open quantum systems, many problems involve density matrices, such as the calculation of Von Neumann entropy, the quantization of coherence, and the operator-sum representations of quantum operations. Therefore, the existing quantum image representation models are only suitable for closed quantum systems. To this end, the paper proposes three models that can not only represent quantum images in an open quantum system but also decompose the evolution process of quantum images utilizing operator-sum decomposition. These three models are the representation model of quantum gray-scale images, the tensor product representation model of quantum color images, and the representation model of quantum color images based on mixed states in the Bloch sphere, respectively. All these image representation models have strong correlations among them and are very different from their classical analogues. Between them, the biggest difference is that the paper employs density matrices, inspired by incoherent-coherent states, to represent quantum images rather than classical state vectors. By means of one of the representation models proposed in the paper, we finally demonstrate the evolution process of the quantum image going through the amplitude damping channel.
Percolation transitions in partially edge-coupled interdependent networks with different group size distributions
Authors: Zhang Junjie , Liu Caixia , Liu Shuxin , Li HaiTao , Wu Lan
Published: April 2024

In many systems, from brain neural networks to epidemic transmission networks, pairwise interactions are insufficient to express complex relationships. Nodes sometimes cooperate and form groups to increase their robustness to risks, and each such group can be considered a “supernode”. Furthermore, previous studies of cascading failures in interdependent networks have typically concentrated on node coupling connections; however, in many realistic scenarios, interactions occur between the edges connecting nodes rather than between the nodes themselves. Networks of this type are called edge-coupled interdependent networks. To better reflect complex networks in the real world, in this paper, we construct a theoretical model of a two-layer partially edge-coupled interdependent network with groups, where all nodes in the same group are functionally dependent on each other. We identify several types of phase transitions, namely, discontinuous, hybrid and continuous, which are determined by the strength of the dependency and the distribution of the supernodes. We first apply our developed mathematical framework to ErdsRnyi and scale-free partially edge-coupled interdependent networks with equally sized groups to analytically and numerically calculate the phase transition thresholds and the critical dependency strengths that distinguish different types of transitions. We then investigate the influence of the group size distribution on cascading failures by presenting examples of two different heterogeneous group size distributions. Our theoretical predictions and numerical findings are in close agreement, demonstrating that decreasing the dependency strength and increasing group size heterogeneity can increase the robustness of interdependent networks. Our results have significant implications for the design and optimization of network security and fill a knowledge gap in the robustness of partially edge-coupled interdependent networks with different group size distributions.
HAS THE SUBSTITUTABILITY OF MILK PRODUCTS IN KOREA CHANGED? EVIDENCE FROM THE PRICE ANALYSIS AMONG DOMESTIC FRESH, IMPORTED STERILIZED AND SOYBEAN MILK
Authors: CHUNG DAE HEE , SEOK JUN HO
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the price relationship between domestic fresh milk, imported sterilized milk and soybean milk in Korea to analyze the possible substitutable relationship among them. We divided the periods into 2012–2017, 2018–2021 and 2012–2021 (total sample) and utilized the Granger causality test and Geweke’s (1982) method to capture the recent increase in milk import trends in Korea. Our results show that the price causal relationship has changed by comparing 2012–2017 and 2018–2021 periods. While we did not find any Granger causal relationship in 2012–2017, our results show that fresh milk prices are directly and indirectly affected by soybean milk and imported sterilized milk prices, respectively. Our results also present bidirectional Granger causation between imported and soybean milk; however, causal dominance exists in the direction of soybean to imported milk prices based on the Geweke (1982) approach. Our findings imply that the consumption substitutability of fresh milk has changed, and the government of Korea should consider this changed substitutability to reconstruct the volume of the milk production quota to support Korean milk farmers.
Comments on oscillations in elastic scattering of hadrons
Authors: Troshin S. M. , Tyurin N. E.
Published: April 2024

The observed absence of the small-t oscillations in differential cross-section of the elastic scattering is considered as a consequence of the reflective scattering mode appearance at the highest energy of the LHC [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]TeV.
A Hybrid Neural Network-Based Fast Financial Fraud Detection Model
Authors: Zheng Zhuoni , Zhang Rongrong , Li Yangyi , Huang Xiaoming , Liang Juntao
Published: April 2024

With the increasing number of financial transactions, financial fraud has become increasingly serious for financial institutions and the public. The core idea of this model is to integrate multiple neural network structures and utilize their respective advantages to improve the performance of fraud detection. Firstly, we employed the convolutional neural network with interpretable blocks (CNNIB) convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract key features from the data to capture patterns and patterns in fraud cases. Secondly, we introduced the autoencoder generative adversarial network (AE-GAN) adversarial network to perform feature analysis on sequence data to capture temporal features in transaction sequences. Finally, we used differential detection for classification to determine whether transactions were fraudulent. An independent detection module was established to accelerate the recognition of financial fraud, and parameter indicators were optimized. Finally, a hybrid neural network model was established. The experimental results indicate that our model has achieved significant results in quickly detecting financial fraud; compared with traditional single neural network models, hybrid neural network models have significant improvements in accuracy and efficiency. In addition, we conducted in-depth analysis of the model and revealed its performance stability under different training set sizes and data distributions. Our research findings provide an effective tool for financial institutions to quickly identify financial fraud.
A Hybrid Classifier Based on the Generalized Heronian Mean Operator and Fuzzy Robust PCA Algorithms
Authors: Kurama Onesfole
Published: April 2024

We present a new classifier that uses a generalized Heronian mean (GHM) operator, and fuzzy robust principal component analysis (FRPCA) algorithms. The similarity classifier was earlier studied with other aggregation operators, including: the ordered weighted averaging (OWA), generalized mean, arithmetic mean among others. Parameters in the GHM operator makes the new classifier suitable for handling a variety of modeling problems involving parameter settings. Motivated by the nature of the GHM operator, we examine which FRPCA algorithm is suitable for use to achieve optimal performance of the new classifier. The effects of dimensionality reduction and fuzziness variable on classification accuracy are examined. The performance of the new classifier is tested on three real-world datasets: fertility, horse-colic, and Haberman’s survival. Compared with previously studied similarity classifiers, the new method achieved improved classification accuracy for the tested datasets. In fertility dataset, the new classifier achieved improvements in accuracy of [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] compared with the OWA, generalized mean, and arithmetic mean based classifiers respectively. The new classifier is simpler to implement since it does not require any weight generation criteria as the case is for the OWA based classifier.
Solution of Uncertain Constrained Multi-Objective Travelling Salesman Problem with Aspiration Level Based Multi Objective Quasi Oppositional Jaya Algorithm
Authors: Bajaj Aaishwarya , Dhodiya Jayesh
Published: April 2024

Multi-Objective Travelling Salesman Problem (MOTSP) is one of the most crucial problems in realistic scenarios, and it is difficult to solve by classical methods. However, it can be solved by evolutionary methods. This paper investigates the Constrained Multi-Objective Travelling Salesman Problem (CMOTSP) and the Constrained Multi-Objective Solid Travelling Salesman Problem (CMOSTSP) under an uncertain environment with zigzag uncertain variables. To solve CMOTSP and CMOSTSP models under uncertain environment, the expected value and optimistic value models are developed using two different ranking criteria of uncertainty theory. The models are transformed to their deterministic forms using the fundamentals of uncertainty. The Models are solved using two solution methodologies Aspiration level-based Multi-Objective Quasi Oppositional Jaya Algorithm (AL-based MOQO Jaya) and Fuzzy Programming Technique (FPT) with linear membership function. Further, the numerical illustration is solved using both methodologies to demonstrate its application. The sensitivity of the OVM model’s objective functions regarding confidence levels is also investigated to look at the variation in the objective function. The paper concludes that the developed approach has solved CMOTSP and CMOSTSP efficiently with an effective output and provides alternative solutions for decision-making to DM.
Cognitive Consistency in Uncertain and Preference Involved Weights Determination
Authors: Jin Lesheng , Yager Ronald R. , Mesiar Radko , Senapati Tapan , Jana Chiranjibe , Ma Chao , Bustince Humberto
Published: April 2024

In uncertain information environment, bi-polar preferences can be elicited from experts and processed to be exerted over some weights determination for multiple-agents evaluation. Recently, some weighting methodologies and models in uncertain and preference involved environment with multiple opinions from multiple experts are proposed in some literature. However, in that existing method, when collecting different types of preferences from a single expert, sometimes some subtle cognitive inconsistency may occur. To eliminate such inconsistency, this work elaborately analyzes the possible reasons and proposes some amendment together with a new distinguishable set of formulations for modeling. In addition, we further consider two situations of the weighting models for the problem, with one only considering the situation of single expert with no risk of cognitive inconsistency and the other considering the case of multiple experts wherein some inconsistency might occur. Numerical example and comparison are also presented accordingly.
Nonlinear optical, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties of hexagonal fluorocarbonates ABCO3F (A: K, Rb, Cs; B: Mg, Ca, Sr, Zn, Cd, Pb) from first principles
Authors: Zhuravlev Yurii , Atuchin Victor
Published: April 2024

Within the density functional theory, the Hartree–Fock/Kohn–Sham-coupled perturbation method using the basis of localized orbitals, the gradient PBE functional with dispersion correction D3(BJ) and hybrid PBE0 and B3LYP functionals, the structural, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties of hexagonal alkali fluorocarbonates ABCO3F (A: K, Rb, Cs; B: alkaline earth (Mg, Ca, Sr) and [Formula: see text] (Zn, Cd, Pb)) were evaluated. In the series of crystals, fluorocarbonates with lead have the highest values of the calculated components of the dielectric constant tensor, piezoelectric constants, and nonlinear optical (NLO) coefficients.
Optimal control problem on cancer–obesity dynamics
Authors: Hariharan S. , Shangerganesh L.
Published: April 2024

This study introduces a novel fractional-order model to investigate the interplay between cancer and obesity and their treatment. Initially, we examine the solution’s existence and uniqueness for the proposed model. Additionally, we establish the boundedness of these solutions. Subsequently, we identify some potential equilibrium points of the cancer–obesity model and investigate their stability. To address the considered model, we propose fractional Euler’s and Adam’s methods. Theoretical and numerical analyses are conducted to assess the error estimates and performance of both methods with varying fractional-order derivatives. Moreover, we formulate an optimal control problem concerning cancer density and drug concentration. We delve into the existence of control and explore the first-order optimality conditions. We validate the analytical findings through numerical computations, demonstrating that administering drugs with control variables enhance immunity levels and reduce the burden of cancer.
Adsorption, Sensor Properties, AIM Analysis, Docking of an Anticancer Drug Benzamide on Nanocones: SERS, Solvent Effects and DFT Investigation
Authors: Al-Otaibi Jamelah S. , Alamro Fowzia S. , Almugrin Aljawhara H. , Mary Y. Sheena , Acharjee Nivedita
Published: April 2024

Using first principles, the electrical response of carbon nanocones (NC) to the drug benzamide (BZE) was investigated using density functional theory (DFT). The adsorption energies of BZE at the nanocone’s bottom (Complex I), side (Complex II), and top (Complex III) are −88.35 kcal/mol, −45.46 kcal/mol and −48.73 kcal/mol. The two other adsorptions, Complexes II and III are physisorption, however, the high value of Eads in the case of Complex I with the drop in bond lengths suggests that Complex I adsorption is chemisorption. The electrical conductivity has risen as a result of the considerable decrease in the nanocone energy gap (from 0.63 eV to 0.61 eV, 0.61 eV and 0.60 eV) caused by the adsorption of BZE. It suggests that the nanocones would be a good fit for the electronic sensors and an appropriate choice for BZE detection. Additionally, the BZE adsorption influences the nanocone’s workfunction, which is reduced by approximately 45.19%, 2.8% and 2.05% for complexes I to III. This suggests that the nanocone could be a workfunction-based sensor for the detection of BZE. The increase in binding affinity in complexes reveals that the nanocones will act as a drug delivery carrier. Theoretically, anticipated Raman spectra of BZE and complexes show SERS activity and inactive normal Raman modes are active in the Raman spectrum of complexes. Compounds II and III exhibit weak noncovalent interactions (NCI) and due to the presence of covalent bonding interaction in compound I, significant changes in other bonding and nonbonding electron densities are observed compared to compounds II and III.
Resistance Is Your Friend
Authors: Denning Peter , Lyons Todd
Published: April 2024

Resistance to innovation proposals is a gift. Harness it and your innovation will move faster.
Paper-Based Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors for the Detection of Target Analytes in Liquid, Aerosol, and Solid Samples
Authors: Colozza Noemi , Mazzaracchio Vincenzo , Arduini Fabiana
Published: April 2024

The last decade has been incredibly fruitful in proving the multifunctionality of paper for delivering innovative electrochemical (bio)sensors. The paper material exhibits unprecedented versatility to deal with complex liquid matrices and facilitate analytical detection in aerosol and solid phases. Such remarkable capabilities are feasible by exploiting the intrinsic features of paper, including porosity, capillary forces, and its easy modification, which allow for the fine designing of a paper device. In this review, we shed light on the most relevant paper-based electrochemical (bio)sensors published in the literature so far to identify the smart functional roles that paper can play to bridge the gap between academic research and real-world applications in the biomedical, environmental, agrifood, and security fields. Our analysis aims to highlight how paper's multifarious properties can be artfully harnessed for breaking the boundaries of the most classical applications of electrochemical (bio)sensors.
Electrodeposition of Phase–Pure n–Type Cu2O: Role of Electrode Reactions and Local pH
Authors: Lakra Kabita , Sainudeen Faleela V. , Singh Akhilender Jeet , Balasubramaniam K. R.
Published: April 2024

Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) thin films, antithetically exhibiting n-type conductivity, were electro–deposited on Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates. Linear sweep voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and chronopotentiometry studies coupled with structural characterization of the deposit identify the occurrence of multiple reduction reactions, including “corrosion” of Cu2O to Cu. Interestingly, an underpotential conversion (negative of +0.039 V vs Ag/AgCl) of the Cu2O film to Cu islands is observed during potentiostatic deposition. The same process is also shown as a potential spike in chronopotentiometry curves, during galvanostatic deposition, at current densities that are cathodic of −0.2 mAcm−1. The reason for the formation of Cu is attributed to the decrease in local pH in the vicinity of the working electrode, whence thermodynamic conditions favor the formation of Cu. The proroguation of Cu formation is achieved by continuously stirring the solution, thereby stabilizing the pH at the electrode. Deferment of film corrosion to increasingly longer times is observed with increasing stirring rates. Mott-Schottky analysis of phase-pure films reveals the formation of degenerately doped n-type Cu2O films (n ∼1020 cm−3). The phase pure Cu2O films could be used as an electron transport layer in several photo-conversion devices and ultimately pave the way for an oxide homojunction device.
Perspective—Electrochemical Bio-wearables for Cortisol Monitoring
Authors: Pandey Richa
Published: April 2024

Cortisol is a key biomarker, and its measurement has historically relied on intrusive and sporadic techniques like blood or saliva samples. The relatively recent innovation of electrochemical cortisol bio-wearables provides a revolutionary strategy by offering continuous, non-invasive monitoring. This Perspective examines the development, underlying ideas, scientific developments, and possible uses of electrochemical cortisol bio-wearables. The significance of these tools for stress research, clinical application, and individualized healthcare is also highlighted.
Novel insights into the pathobiology of pulmonary hypertension in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Aradhyula Vaishnavi , Vyas Rohit , Dube Prabhatchandra , Haller Steven T. , Gupta Rajesh , Maddipati Krishna Rao , Kennedy David J. , Khouri Samer J.
Published: April 2024

Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is the most common cause of pulmonary hypertension (PH) worldwide and is strongly associated with adverse clinical outcomes. The American Heart Association recently highlighted a call to action regarding the distinct lack of evidence-based treatments for PH due to poorly understood pathophysiology of PH attributable to HFpEF (PH-HFpEF). Prior studies have described cardiophysiological mechanisms to explain the development of isolated postcapillary PH (ipc-PH); however, the consequent increase in pulmonary vascular (PV) resistance (PVR) may lead to the less understood and more fatal combined pre- and postcapillary PH (cpc-PH). Metabolic disease and inflammatory dysregulation have been suggested to predispose PH, yet the molecular mechanisms are unknown. Although PH-HFpEF has been studied to partly share vasoactive neurohormonal mediators with primary pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), clinical trials that have targeted these pathways have been unsuccessful. The increased mortality of patients with PH-HFpEF necessitates further study into viable mechanistic targets involved in disease progression. We aim to summarize the current pathophysiological and clinical understanding of PH-HFpEF, highlight the role of known molecular mechanisms in the progression of PV disease, and introduce a novel concept that lipid metabolism may be attenuating and propagating PH-HFpEF.
Phosphorylation of cardiac sodium channel at Ser571 anticipates manifestations of the aging myopathy
Authors: Pizzo Emanuele , Cervantes Daniel O. , Ketkar Harshada , Ripa Valentina , Nassal Drew M. , Buck Benjamin , Parambath Sreema P. , Di Stefano Valeria , Singh Kanwardeep , Thompson Carl I. , Mohler Peter J. , Hund Thomas J. , Jacobson Jason T. , Jain Sudhir , Rota Marcello
Published: April 2024

We have investigated the impact of the late Na current ( INa,L) on cardiac and myocyte function with aging by using genetically engineered animals with enhanced or stabilized INa,L, due to phosphomimetic or phosphoablated mutations of Nav1.5. Our findings support the notion that phosphorylation of Nav1.5 at Ser571 prolongs myocardial repolarization and impairs diastolic function, contributing to the manifestations of the aging myopathy.
Ten Years of Dengue (2013–2022): Epidemiology and Predictors of Outbreaks in Sarawak
Authors: Teh Jo Hun , Pangkas Johnny , Mohamad Sharkawi Hamidi , Bari Euphrasia , Ibrahim Irwilla , Wong Kung Yee , Ooi Choo Huck
Published: April 2024

Dengue is a major public health problem in Sarawak, Malaysia. Since 2011, the Ministry of Health of Malaysia has created an electronic database (e-Dengue) for all dengue cases in Malaysia. This database of cases includes socio-demographic and locality data, clinical symptoms and signs, and results from rapid dengue assays. This study analyses data extracted from this database to describe the epidemiology and determine which factors are more likely to indicate or predict an outbreak of dengue. A total of 14,020 cases from 2013 to 2022 were extracted, with 4,636 cases reported from outbreaks. The highest incidence was 112.22 per 100,000 population in 2016, with 2,773 cases. Over this period, there were 37 deaths, with the highest in 2016 with seven deaths. The case fatality rate ranged from 0.12% to 0.75%. Predictors of outbreaks include younger age (0.984 (0.980–0.989)), female (1.584 (1.387–1.821)), cases from rural areas (0.398 (0.346–0.458)), unemployed (1.179 (1.005–1.383)), students (1.450 (1.163–1.808)). For clinical markers, rash (1.315 (1.056–1.638)) and NS1 antigen test positivity (3.474 (2.952–4.088)) were a predictor of outbreaks, while diarrhoea (0.160 (0.055–0.465)) was a predictor for single cases. Although rainfall, climate change, and population density are known predictors of dengue, socio-demographic factors, clinical signs, and NS1 antigen are additional predictors of dengue that will allow for early detection and control.
Practical Recommendations for the Selection of Patients for Individualized Splice-Switching ASO-Based Treatments
Authors: Zardetto Bianca , Lauffer Marlen C. , van Roon-Mom Willeke , Aartsma-Rus Annemieke , on behalf of the N = 1 Collaborative
Published: April 2024

Although around 6% of the world’s population is affected by rare diseases, only a small number of disease-modifying therapies are available. In recent years, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) have emerged as one option for the development of therapeutics for orphan diseases. In particular, ASOs can be utilized for individualized genetic treatments, addressing patients with a known disease-causing genetic variant, who would otherwise not be able to receive therapy. Careful prioritization of genetic variants amenable to an ASO approach is crucial to increase chances for successful treatments and reduce costs and time for drug development. At present, there is no consensus on how to systematically approach this selection procedure. Here, we present practical guidelines to evaluate disease-causing variants and standardize the process of selecting n-of-1 cases. We focus on variants leading to a loss of function in monogenic disorders and consider which splice-switching ASO-mediated treatments are applicable in each case. To ease the understanding and application of our guidelines, we created a hypothetical transcript covering different pathogenic variants and explained their evaluation in detail. We support our recommendations with real-life examples and add further considerations to be applied to specific cases to provide a comprehensive framework for selecting eligible variants.
CCL14 Predicts Oliguria and Dialysis Requirement in Patients with Moderate to Severe Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Demirjian Sevag , Chawla Lakhmir , Davison Danielle , Forni Lui G. , Heung Michael , Hoste Eric A.J. , Koyner Jay , Kampf J. Patrick , Kwan Thomas , McPherson Paul , Kellum John A.
Published: April 2024

Introduction: AKI is a frequent complication of critical illness and portends poor outcome. CCL14 is a validated predictor of persistent severe AKI in critically ill patients. We examined the association of CCL14 with urine output within 48 h. Methods: In pooled data from 2 studies of critically ill patients with KDIGO stage 2–3 AKI, CCL14 was measured by NEPHROCLEAR™ CCL14 Test on the Astute 140® Meter (low, intermediate, and high categories [1.3 and 13 ng/mL]). Average hourly urine output over 48 h, stage 3 AKI per urine output criterion on day 2, and composite of dialysis or death within 7 days were examined using multivariable mixed and logistic regression models. Results: Of the 497 subjects with median age of 65 (56–74) years, 49% (242/497) were on diuretics. CCL14 concentration was low in 219 (44%), intermediate in 217 (44%), and high in 61 (12%) patients. In mixed regression analysis, hourly urine output over time was different within each CCL14 risk category based on diuretic use due to significant three-way interaction (p < 0.001). In logistic regression analysis, CCL14 risk category was independently associated with low urine output on day 2 per KDIGO stage 3 (adjusted for diuretic use and baseline clinical variables), and composite of dialysis or death within 7 days (adjusted for urine output within 48 h of CCL14 measurement). Conclusions: CCL14 measured in patients with moderate to severe AKI is associated with urine output trajectory within 48 h, oliguria on day 2, and dialysis within 7 days.
Teaching approach for indigenous people: an empirical study from Pahang, Malaysia
Authors: Borham Abd Hadi , Huda Miftachul , Rasid Muhammad Saifullah Abdul , Rahim Mohamad Marzuqi Abdul , Hamid Nurhanis Zahidah Abdul
Published: April 2024

This study aims to examine the approach in teaching practice to muallaf (Muslim indigenous people: orang asli) and the factors of attraction toward the acceptance of Islamic understanding among them. The study was conducted at the village of muallaf orang asli at Paya Sendayan, Temerloh Pahang, Malaysia. Design of this study are using the qualitative methods. Data were collected by observation and selected informant interviews based on purposive sampling methods. Data were analysed using the thematic methods. The results of the study found that the approach in teaching practice to muallaf orang asli is syarah (explanation) and discussion presented through storytelling, stimulation method and talaqqi musyafahah (face to face). Meanwhile, the results of the attraction factors toward the acceptance of teaching and learning among muallaf orang asli are aspect of reward, facilities, understanding and skills of teachers or educators for the socio-culture and role model shown by teachers or educators as well as the Muslim community nearby the living community. The findings of this study show that the teaching and learning of muallaf orang asli should be organized systematically in line with the factors of attraction in order to increase interest and earnestly.
Comparative field ecology and morphology of two populations of the Troglobitic Catfish Pimelodella Kronei (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) from Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Hoenen Sônia
Published: April 2024

This study focused on characterizing the Bombas resurgence population oftroglobitic catfishes Pimelodella kronei from ecological and morphological points of view, and on making comparisons with the previously studied population of V. kronei catfishes from Areias cave. Bombas population ended to be more numerous and with a higher density than Areias population. Considering morphological data, Bombas fishes were smaller than Areias fishes in all parameters measured. On the other hand, values of condition factor for Bombas fishes were higher than those for Areias fishes. Thus, although smaller, they were proportionally heavier. The depigmentation rate of Bombas catfishes was more homogeneous than that of Areias catfishes, being Bombas fishes lighter than Areias fishes in average. Considering ecological and behavioural data, there are some autapomorphies for each population and some similarities which could be eithersynapomorphies or convergences. Thus, either the populations evolved from the same ancestral and nowadays there is a large reduction of genetic flow (and they may have even speciated), or the two populations had different origins. Anyway, there are many evidences to consider them as different species, atleast using thephylogenetic species concept, which should be tested.
Novos táxons e nova combinação em Cerambycinae (Coleoptera) Sul-Americanos
Authors: Galileo Maria Helena M. , Martins Ubirajara R.
Published: April 2024

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Movimentos Nativistas: a história como "biografia da nação”
Authors: Silva Rogério Forastieri da
Published: April 2024

This exposition tries to show how “nativism” belongs to an explanation scheme where “nativism” is considered as a link between “colony" and “nation”. It is intended to suggest that this link is nottheo retically consistent. One of the propositions stated may be expressed as follows: colony does not precede the nation.
Alguns aspectos da ocupação do solo agrário do município de Presidente Venceslau, SP
Authors: Bastos Maria Antonieta de Toledo Ribeiro
Published: April 2024

A contribution to the analysis of the use of agrarian soil, with emphasis on an area of the western plateau of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, where the homogeneity of the scenery is the most significant characteristic. The main interest was centered on the analysis of data concerning the most important activities of soil use, specifically in the county of Presidente Venceslau. The distribution of the activities of polycultures, mixed with extensive pasture areas mainly used for live stock, was analysed. Such types of soil use, showing constant presence of gentle hills, are rsponsible for a certain monotony in the agrarian scenery.
Documento de interesse para a geografia histórica de São Paulo
Authors: Tulik Olga
Published: April 2024

The “Planta da Estrada entre as Cidades de São Paulo e de Santos, levantada em 1831 por J.M. de Vasconcelos, e copiada em 1848 por Machado de Oliveira” is one of the several cartographic records existed in the Library of Museu Paulista of University of São Paulo. Having detailed information of great geographical and historical  importance this plan becomes a helpful source for the acquaintance with the spatial organization as well as for the study of the apropriation and proporty of the land represented in that area.
Reprodutibilidade teste e reteste de um protocolo para avaliar comportamento tático e situações ofensivas no futebol
Authors: Oliveira Lucas Martins , Moraes José Cícero , Cunha Neto Pedro Sotero da , Denis Ricardo , Foschiera Diogo Bertella , Legnani Rosimeide Francisco Santos , Legnani Elto
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyze the reproducibility of offensive actions that result in goals in the Brazilian A Series Soccer Championship (2017). The sample was intentionally selected and comprised 10% (58) of effective offensive actions that resulted in a goal (n = 582) of the two best ranked teams. The selected offensive actions were obtained through images broadcasted on TV, and recorded and edited using the software Sportscode Version 11.0. The selection took place at two different moments, within an interval of 15 days, using the Assessment Protocol of Individual Tactical Performance, and we observed the following types of attacks and fundamental offensive tactical principles: offensive cover, mobility, space and penetration. The analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, weighted Kappa test and correlation coefficient (CCC), considering statistical significance of p <0.05. The tactical principles of Penetration, Offensive Cover, and Variability showed higher CCC values (0.98 to 1.00). In all tactical principles analyzed, the accuracy values were high (0.99 to 1.00). A 100% concordance was observed regarding the test and retest reproducibility of the attack methods (x2 = 116.0; p≤0.001). The reproducibility indicators of the assessment protocol of offensive actions were satisfactory, indicating their utilization in larger scale studies.
Descrição de dois alótipos e algumas anotações morfológicas sobre Aranhas brasileiras (Arachnida – Araneae [Dysderidae, Argiopidae, Selenopidae, Clubionidae])
Authors: Camargo Hélio F. de Almeida
Published: April 2024

Prosseguindo nossos estudos sobre aranhas, descrevemos, aqui, os alótipos de Ariadna crassipalpus (Blackwall) e Micrathena henseli Reimoser, e tecemos algumas anotações morfológicas sobre certas espécies as quais, ate o presente, não eram suficientemente conhecidas. Como se vera no decorrer deste trabalho, tais anotações, ao lado dos respectivos desenhos, outro intuito não tem sinão aquele de, acrescentando algo ao que já fora escrito por outros, procurar trazer, ao estudioso, a possibilidade de uma determinação segura.
Sobre uma coleção de mamíferos do estado de alagoas
Authors: Vieira C.
Published: April 2024

Versa o presente trabalho sobre o material mastozoologico colecionado pelas duas expedições científicas realizadas nos anos de 1951 e 1952 pelo Departamento de Zoologia no Estado de Alagoas, nordeste do Brasil, e chefiadas respectivamente pelo Dr. Oliverio Pin[1]to, Diretor e Carlos C. Andrade, Chefe de Divisão. Consta ele de mais de 150 exemplares, pertencentes a 27 espécies.
Revisão parcial do gênero adejeania townsend, 1913 (diptera-tachinidae), com especial referência às espécies brasileiras
Authors: Guimarães J. H.
Published: April 2024

.
Risk Prediction Models for Renal Function Decline After Cardiac Surgery Within Different Preoperative Glomerular Filtration Rate Strata
Authors: Wang Chunrong , Gao Yuchen , Ji Bingyang , Li Jun , Liu Jia , Yu Chunhua , Wang Yuefu
Published: April 2024

Background

Our goal was to create a simple risk‐prediction model for renal function decline after cardiac surgery to help focus renal follow‐up efforts on patients most likely to benefit.

Methods and Results

This single‐center retrospective cohort study enrolled 24 904 patients who underwent cardiac surgery from 2012 to 2019 at Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China. An estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) reduction of ≥30% 3 months after surgery was considered evidence of renal function decline. Relative to patients with eGFR 60 to 89 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
(4.5% [531/11733]), those with eGFR ≥90 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
(10.9% [1200/11042]) had a higher risk of renal function decline, whereas those with eGFR ≤59 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
(5.8% [124/2129]) did not. Each eGFR stratum had a different strongest contributor to renal function decline: increased baseline eGFR levels for patients with eGFR ≥90 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
, transfusion of any blood type for patients with eGFR 60 to 89 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
, and no recovery of renal function at discharge for patients with eGFR ≤59 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
. Different nomograms were established for the different eGFR strata, which yielded a corrected C‐index value of 0.752 for eGFR ≥90 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
, 0.725 for eGFR 60–89 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
and 0.791 for eGFR ≤59 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
.

Conclusions

Predictors of renal function decline over the follow‐up showed marked differences across the eGFR strata. The nomograms incorporated a small number of variables that are readily available in the routine cardiac surgical setting and can be used to predict renal function decline in patients stratified by baseline eGFR.
Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure and Pulse Pressure and the Risk of Subclinical Myocardial Injury: The HUNT Study
Authors: Young Juliet , Lyngbakken Magnus Nakrem , Hveem Kristian , Røsjø Helge , Omland Torbjørn
Published: April 2024

Background

Subclinical myocardial injury expressed as higher cardiac troponin concentrations may represent an important intermediary between hypertension and the risk of cardiovascular disease. The study aimed to assess the relative strength of associations between systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, and pulse pressure, and subclinical myocardial injury, and how change in BP variables over time associates with subclinical myocardial injury.

Methods and Results

cTnl (cardiac troponin I) was measured in 32 968 participants of the fourth wave of the population‐based cohort HUNT4 (Trøndelag Health Study) without a history of cardiovascular disease. An additional longitudinal analysis included participants from HUNT4 with BP measurements from HUNT3 (n=18 681). Associations between BP variables and cTnI concentrations were assessed by linear and logistic regression analyses. The median cTnI concentration was 1.6 ng/L (25th–75th percentiles, 0.6–3.1 ng/L), median age was 52 years (39.1–65.6 years), and 57% were female subjects. Cross‐sectionally, only systolic BP categories ≥130 mm Hg associated with higher cTnI concentrations, compared with a reference systolic BP of <110 mm Hg. All categories of diastolic BP and pulse pressure were positively associated with higher cTnI concentrations when diastolic BP 70 to 79 mm Hg and pulse pressure <40 mm Hg were used as references, respectively. When comparing systolic BP, diastolic BP, and pulse pressure as continuous variables, cross‐sectionally, pulse pressure most strongly associated with cTnI concentrations (
P
for all comparisons <0.001), whereas longitudinally, change in diastolic BP was most strongly associated with cTnI concentrations (
P
for all comparisons <0.05).

Conclusions

Subjects with high pulse pressure and longitudinal increase in diastolic BP are at higher risk for subclinical myocardial injury.
Association of Age‐ and Body Mass Index‐Stratified High On‐Treatment Platelet Reactivity With Coronary Intervention Outcomes in East Asian Patients
Authors: Cha Jung‐Joon , Lee Seung‐Jun , Park Jae Hyoung , Hong Soon Jun , Ahn Tae Hoon , Chang Kiyuk , Park Yongwhi , Song Young Bin , Ahn Sung Gyun , Suh Jung‐Won , Lee Sang Yeub , Cho Jung Rae , Her Ae‐Young , Jeong Young‐Hoon , Kim Hyo‐Soo , Kim Moo Hyun , Shin Eun‐Seok , Kim Byeong‐Keuk , Lim Do‐Sun
Published: April 2024

Background

Although age and body mass index (BMI) significantly affect platelet reactivity units and clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention, there are limited data on the relationship between high on‐treatment platelet reactivity (HPR) and clinical outcomes on age and BMI differences. Thus, we investigated the association of HPR with clinical outcomes according to age and BMI.

Methods and Results

The study analyzed 11 714 patients who underwent platelet function tests after percutaneous coronary intervention. The primary end point was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), whereas the secondary end point was major bleeding. HPR was defined as platelet reactivity units ≥252. Patients were categorized by age (<67 years of age or ≥67 years of age) and BMI (≤22.6 kg/m
2
or >22.6 kg/m
2
). Patients <67 years of age with HPR had increases in both MACCEs (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.436 [95% CI, 1.106–1.867];
P
=0.007) and major bleeding (adjusted HR, 1.584 [95% CI, 1.095–2.290];
P
=0.015) compared with the those with non‐HPR, respectively. In patients ≥67 years of age with HPR, there were no differences in MACCEs, but there was a decrease in major bleeding (adjusted HR, 0.721 [95% CI, 0.542–0.959];
P
=0.024). Meanwhile, patients with HPR with BMI >22.6 kg/m
2
had increases in MACCEs (adjusted HR, 1.387 [95% CI, 1.140–1.688];
P
=0.001). No differences were shown in major bleeding.

Conclusions

HPR was linked to an increase in MACCEs or a decrease in major bleeding in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention, depending on age and BMI. This study is the first to observe that clinical outcomes in patients with HPR after percutaneous coronary intervention may vary based on age and BMI. Because the study is observational, the results should be viewed as hypothesis generating and emphasize the need for randomized clinical trials.
Patients With Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction Have Less Circulating α‐Klotho
Authors: Akhiyat Nadia , Ozcan Ilke , Gulati Rajiv , Prasad Abhiram , Tchkonia Tamara , Kirkland James L. , Lewis Bradley , Lerman Lilach O. , Lerman Amir
Published: April 2024

Background

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) represents an early functional characteristic of coronary vascular aging. Klotho (α‐klotho) is a circulating protein inversely linked to physiological aging. We examined low klotho as a potential marker for vascular aging in patients with CMD and no coronary artery disease.

Methods and Results

Patients undergoing nonurgent angiogram for chest pain who had no coronary artery disease underwent invasive coronary microvascular and endothelial function testing. CMD was defined by ≤50% increase in coronary blood flow (percentage change in coronary blood flow) in response to intracoronary acetylcholine or coronary flow reserve ≤2. Fresh arterial whole blood was used to analyze circulating endothelial progenitor cells with flow cytometry. Stored arterial plasma was used for klotho analysis by ELISA. Participants with CMD (n=62) were compared with those without CMD (n=36). Those with CMD were age 55±10 years (versus 51±11 years;
P
=0.07) and 73% women (versus 81%;
P
=0.38). Traditional risk factors for coronary artery disease were similar between groups. Patients with CMD had less klotho (0.88±1.50 versus 1.75±2.38 ng/mL;
P
=0.03), and the odds of low klotho in CMD were significant in a logistic regression model after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors (odds ratio [OR], 0.80 [95% CI, 0.636–0.996];
P
=0.05). Higher klotho was associated with higher numbers of endothelial progenitor cells with vascular regenerative potential (CD34
+
and CD34
+
CD133
+
KDR
+
). Among a subgroup of patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk <5% (n=58), CMD remained associated with lower klotho (OR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.636–0.996];
P
=0.047).

Conclusions

Klotho may be a biomarker for CMD and may be a therapeutic target for groups of patients without significant traditional cardiovascular risk.