bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Profile and Outcome of Obstetric Patients Requiring Critical Care Support in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Pokhrel Sita , Ghimire Ram Hari , Ghimire Ashima , Shrestha Prajmi , Chaudhary Amar Nath
Published: December 2020

Background: The maternal complications during pregnancy pose very serious challenge requiring multispeciality critical care approach. The objective of the study was to analyse clinical profile and outcome of these patients. Studies regarding above will add on existing knowledge that will help in improving patient outcome.

Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted over a period of 1 year from April 2017 to March 2018 in the department of obstetrics and gynecology of Nobel Medical College, Biratnagar. All the consecutive patients requiring ICU care were enrolled.

Results: Among 7820 deliveries, 122 patients (1.56% of total deliveries) required critical care admission. Among them 61(50%) have causes related to obstetrics problems and 61 (50%) have non obstetric problems. Obstretic hemorrgage (24.59%) and hypertensive disorders (11.47%) of pregnancy were common obstetric complications whereas isolated renal failure 18(14.75%), cardiac disease 16 (13.1%), pulmonary disorders 11(9.1%) and sepsis 10 (8.19%) were common non obstetric complications. Maternal mortality rate was 24.59%.Renal failure 9(30%) was the commonest cause of death.

Conclusion: Obstetric hemorrhage and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were the commonest risk factors requiring critical care support. Other risk factors requiring ICU were renal failure, cardiac disease, pulmonary disorders and sepsis.
Participation of Community in Prevention and Control of Dengue Fever in Dharan Sub Metropolitan City of Province No 1, Nepal
Authors: Baral Dharanidhar , Ghimire Anup , Uprety Samyog , Pokharel Sailesh Mani , Baral Siddhant
Published: December 2020

Background: Dengue fever is known as a break-bone fever and its common symptoms are headaches, high grade fever, muscular, bone pains and decrease of platelets count. Community participation involving local government and household participants in controlling breeding areas of dengue mosquitoes is the only cost-effective and sustainable activities of ensuring prevention and control of Dengue fever. This study aimed to assess the perception of the general population regarding community participation in the prevention of dengue and to verify its effectiveness with the control practices observed at the homes in Dharan sub-metropolitan city of Province No 1.
Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 households at the Dharan sub-metropolitan city of Province no. 1 in Nepal from August to October 2019. The technique of sample collection was done using purposive sampling and data were collected using a pretested close-ended questionnaire and observational checklists.
Results: Slightly over half of the respondents 129 (51.6%) reported a positive attitude regarding community practice and almost three out of five 157 (62.8%) houses were observed to have good dengue control practices. The univariate results revealed attitude of households regarding community participation were significantly associated with the control practices observed in their homes (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The study concludes that good community participation in collaboration with health volunteers and health institutions can have a positive impact on the dengue control practices at the household level. Hence, the spread of dengue out-break can be controlled by active collaborative community participation.
Variation of the Nutrient Foramen of Fibula and its Clinical Significance
Authors: Khatiwada Sushma , Adhikari Budhi Nath
Published: December 2020

Background: The fibula is a long bone located at the lateral aspect of the leg. Its diaphysis is principally nourished by one or more nutrient arteries entering the shaft through an opening referred to as the nutrient foramen. The present findings on the morphometrics of the foramen may be helpful to forensic experts, radiologists and clinicians for diagnosis and management of various bony conditions.
Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted on fifty dry adult human fibulae collected at the Department of Anatomy, Chitwan Medical College from June to September 2020. Total fibular length along with the number and location of all nutrient foramina present were recorded. Foraminal index of the fibula was calculated as well.
Results: The study revealed that the average length of Nepalese fibulae was 34.1 ± 1.9 cm. Eighty-eight percent fibula had a single nutrient foramen, 4 % had two and 8 % had none. The most common location was between the medial crest and posterior border (63%, in fibula with single foramen), followed by the medial crest (30%) and between the medial crest and interosseous border (7%). The average foraminal index was 44.01 ± 7.9 % with a range of 34.9 to 65.7 %.
Conclusion: Single nutrient foramen located at the middle third on posterior aspect was the most common finding. Regional data on the number and location of the foramina would be useful to forensic experts and clinicians for various diagnostic and treatment purposes.
Insights into Cardiovascular Disease Risk Based on Platelet Indices and Lipid Ratios in Reference to Glycemic Control and Duration of Diabetes
Authors: Risal Prabodh , Bhatt Rajendra Dev , Sakhakarmi Nikita , Thapa Saroj , Koju Surendra
Published: December 2020

Background: Diabetic patients are at the risk of untimely atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The level of blood lipids, their ratios, glycosylated hemoglobin, and platelet indices are potential markers for the assessment of cardiovascular disease risk in diabetic patients. This study aims to insights into cardiovascular disease risk among diabetic patients in reference to glycemic control and duration of diabetes on the basis of lipid ratios and platelet indices by comparing with healthy controls.

Materials and Methods: A case control study was carried out among the patients, diagnosed as type 2 diabetes mellitus at Dhulikhel hospital-Kathmandu University hospital. Socio-demographic questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical tests was performed. Descriptive analysis and independent T-test for the testing relationship between categorical variables along with correlation was done.

Results: Nearly one-third of diabetic patients were under poor glycemic control with high risk of cardiovascular diseases on the basis of blood lipid ratios and platelet indices. Cardiac risk ratio, Atherogenic Index of Plasma, and Atherogenic Coefficient was found to be significantly high in diabetic compared to the control group (5.22±1.54 vs. 3.71±0.99, p <0.05), (0.33±0.18 vs. 0.22±0.14, p <0.05), (4.22±1.54 vs. 2.71±0.99, p <0.05) respectively. Similarly Mean Platelet Volume was also significantly higher in diabetic compared to the control group (10.16±1.43 vs. 9.06±0.81, p <0.05).

Conclusion: Poor glycemic control seems riskier than prolonged diabetes on the basis of blood lipids, their ratios and platelet indices.
Factors Affecting Pouch Milk Purchase in Kathmandu
Authors: Shrestha Sajeeb Kumar
Published: December 2020

This research attempts to measure factors affecting pouch milk purchase in Nepalese context. Positivist approach was used and descriptive and causal study was designed. Questionnaire survey was done and structured questionnaires were designed to collect data. Subjects of the study were respondents who purchase pouch milk regularly for household consumption. 200 samples were taken based on convenience sampling method. Data were analyzed thoroughly by reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and regression analysis. The research confirmed quality and brand name had influence on pouch milk purchase decision. No support was found for price, availability and promotion in pouch milk purchase context.
आन्तरिक मूल्याङ्कनको प्रभावकारितासम्बन्धी विद्यार्थी दृष्टिकोणको सेमेस्टरगत तुलना Antarik Mulyankanko Prabhkaritasambandhi Viddhyarthi Drishtikonko Semestergat Tulana
Authors: खनाल Khanal राजेन्द्र Rajendra
Published: December 2020

सेमेस्टर प्रणालीमा आन्तरिक मूल्याङ्कन प्रक्रिया विद्यार्थीको क्षमता विकासमासहयोगी भएको छ वा छैन भन्ने सम्बन्धमा विद्यार्थीको दृष्टिकोण कस्तो छ भन्ने विषयमा केन्द्रितरहेर प्रस्तुत लेख तयार पारिएको छ । शिक्षाशास्त्र, स्नातकोत्तर तह, कीर्तिपुरमा अध्ययनरत ९९जना विद्यार्थीलाई नमुनाका रूपमा लिई उनीहरूको प्रतिक्रियालाई प्रस्तुत लेखमा विश्लेषणगरिएको छ । पाँचओटै सूचकमा जम्मा विद्यार्थीमध्ये दोस्रो सत्रका ११.९१ प्रतिशत, तेस्रो सत्रका१०.१ प्रतिशत र चौथो सत्रका १०.७ प्रतिशत विद्यार्थीले उच्च तहको प्रतिक्रिया जनाएकाछन् । त्यस्तै, मध्यम तहको प्रतिक्रिया जनाउनेमा दोस्रो सत्रका १२.९२ प्रतिशत, तेस्रो सत्रका१७.७७ प्रतिशत र चौथो सत्रका १६.९६ प्रतिशत विद्यार्थी रहेका छन् । निम्न तहको प्रतिक्रियादिनेमा दोस्रो सत्रका ८.४८ प्रतिशत, तेस्रो सत्रका ५.४५ प्रतिशत र चौथो सत्रका ५.६५प्रतिशत विद्यार्थी रहेका छन् । प्रस्तुत अध्ययनमा आन्तरिक परीक्षा तथा परियोजना कार्यले ज्ञानतथा सिप विकासमा पृष्ठपोषण प्रदान गर्दै सिकाइ उपलब्धि बढाउँछ भन्ने विषयमा विद्यार्थीसकारात्मक रहेको पाइयो । व्यक्तिगत÷समूहगत कार्य एवम् परियोजना कार्य खासै प्रभावकारीबन्न नसकेको प्रतिक्रिया प्राप्त भयो । आन्तरिक मूल्याङ्कनको अङ्कले विद्यार्थीको वास्तविकक्षमतालाई प्रतिनिधित्व नगरेको प्रतिक्रिया पाइयो । आन्तरिक मूल्याङ्कनको गरिमा सैद्धान्तिकरूपमा स्वीकार्य भए पनि व्यवहारतः सार्थक परिणाममा पुग्न नसकेको निष्कर्ष यस अध्ययनबाटप्राप्त भएको छ ।
प्रायश्चित्त कथामा आत्महत्याको सामाजिकता Prayashchitta Kathama Aatmahatyako Samajikata
Authors: खतिवडा Khatiwada विश्वराज Bishwaraj
Published: December 2020

प्रस्तुत लेख गुरुप्रसाद मैनालीको प्रायश्चित्त (१९९३) कथामा पाइने आत्महत्याकोसामाजिकताको अध्ययनसँग सम्बद्ध छ । आत्महत्याको सामजिकता फ्रेञ्च समाजशास्त्रीइमाइल दुर्खिमले प्रतिपादन गरेका हुन् । आत्महत्या सामाजिक कारणले हुन्छ भन्ने मान्यताप्रस्तुत गर्ने उनी पहिलो समाजशास्त्री हुन् । उनको अध्ययनपूर्व मानिसले आत्महत्या गर्नुपर्नेकारणमा उसको वंशानुगत प्रवृत्ति वा मानसिक असङ्गतिलाई लिइन्थ्यो । उनले पूर्ववर्ती उक्तधारणालाई खण्डन गर्दै मानिसले आत्महत्या गर्नुका नेपथ्यमा सामाजिक कारण रहेको तथ्यप्रस्तुत गरे ।उनका अनुसार मानिसलाई आत्महत्या गर्न प्रेरित गर्ने कुरा उसको वंशानुगतवा मानसिक स्थिति नभई धर्म, नैतिकता, मूल्यमान्यता आदिको सामाजिक परिस्थतिनै हो ।प्रायश्चित्त कथाको समाज धर्म, नैतिकतामा आबद्ध छ । यस्तो समाजकी विधवा गौरीले धर्म,नैतिकताका विरुद्ध गोविन्दको गर्भ लिएपछि ऊ समाजबाट एक्लिन गई आत्महत्या गर्न बाध्यभएकी छ । यसकारण तत्कालीन सामजिक परिस्थितिकै कारण प्रस्तुत कथाकी मुख्य पात्रगौरीले पनि आत्महत्या गरेकी छ भन्ने यो लेखको सार हो । यसरी यस लेखमा व्यक्तिलेआत्महत्या उसको वैयक्तिक कारणले नभई सामाजिक परिबन्दका कारणले गर्दछ भन्ने कुराप्रायश्चित्त कथाले सिद्ध गरेको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
नेपाली साहित्यको संक्षिप्त इतिहास मा इतिहास चेतनायुक्त विचारधारा Nepali Sahityako Samkshipta Itihasma Itihas Chetanayukta Bichardhara
Authors: अधिकारी Adhikari बालाकृष्ण Balakrishna
Published: December 2020

ृदयाराम श्रेष्ठ र मोहनराज शर्माकृत नेपाली साहित्यको संक्षिप्त इतिहास ृ२०३४(२०५९)े मा इतिहास चेतनायुक्त विचारधाराको विश्लेषण गर्नु नै प्रस्तुत समालोचनाको मुख्यविषयक्षेत्र हो । ऐतिहासिक भौतिकवादी दर्शनमा आधारित रहेर उक्त कृतिको विश्लेषण गर्दाविचारधाराको स्रोत, विचारधारा र भावधाराको समन्वय, विचारधाराको वर्गीय पक्षधरता रविचारधारामा इतिहास चेतना गरी चारओटा मानदण्डलाई आधार बनाइएको छ । पुस्तकालयीयकार्यका आधारमा प्रस्तुत समालोचनाका सैद्धान्तिक र अवधारणात्मक सामग्रीको पुनर्निमाणबाटविश्लेषणका मानदण्ड तयार गरिएको छ भने सोद्देश्यमूलक यादृच्छिक छनोट विधिका आधारमाविश्लेष्य सामग्रीको चयन गरिएको छ । उक्त सामग्रीको सूक्ष्म व्याख्या, विवेचना, तुलनाकाआधारमा सामान्यीकृत निष्कर्ष निकालिएकाले यस समालोचनामा गुणात्मक अनुसन्धान विधिर त्यसका प्रक्रियालाई अनुसरण गरिएको छ । आंशिक रूपमा तत्कालीन सत्ताप्रति आशक्ति रएकाध स्रष्टाप्रति पूर्वाग्रह देखाइएका भए पनि अधिकांशतः अतीतका तथ्यलाई अतीतकै मूल्य रमानकका आधारमा विश्लेषण र मूल्याङ्कन गरिएका हुनाले दयाराम श्रेष्ठ र मोहनराज शर्माकोनेसासंइ शुद्ध इतिहासवादी चेतनायुक्त विचारधारामा केन्द्रित साहित्येतिहास भएको सामान्यीकृतनिष्कर्ष नै प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धानपरक समालोचनाको मूल प्राप्ति हो ।
Percepcja zmian w języku polskim u uczniów dwujęzycznych w Anglii (na przykładzie słownictwa młodzieżowego)
Authors: Kuros-Kowalska Kamila
Published: December 2020

W artykule zostały zaprezentowane wyniki badań, które pozwolą zastanowić się m.in. nad tym, czy fakt przebywania w środowisku wielokulturowym zrywa więź z żywym językiem polskim. Narzędziem służącym poszukiwaniu odpowiedzi na to pytanie było badanie rozumienia najpopularniejszych słów młodzieżowych z ostatnich lat. Wybierane corocznie młodzieżowe słowo roku pozwala odkrywać cechy polszczyzny młodej generacji. Konkurs pozwala badać i podążać za językową modą. Słowa klasyfikowane jako młodzieżowe niekoniecznie są nowe, czy też slangowe, jednak zdecydowanie częściej używane są przez analizowaną grupę. Badaniem objęto ponad 200 uczniów szkół polonijnych w Wielkiej Brytanii. Wyniki porównano z grupą młodzieży z Polski.
Opinie na temat rządów w Rzeczypospolitej z perspektywy zabezpieczenia ludności przed plagą jasyru – w wypowiedziach wybranych pamiętnikarzy siedemnastego stulecia
Authors: Ryba Renata
Published: December 2020

W dotychczasowych badaniach nie zauważono, że dla pamiętnikarzy siedemnastego wieku zdolność państwa do obrony obywateli przed uprowadzeniem w jasyr stanowiła istotne kryterium oceny sprawności władzy. Tymczasem w dawnej Polsce najazdy tatarskie stanowiły poważny problem. Tatarzy masowo porywali mieszkańców południowo-wschodnich kresów. Toteż staropolscy pamiętnikarze podejmowali refleksję nad tym, jak radziła sobie władza, by ograniczyć to zagrożenie. I właśnie autorka skoncentrowała się na ocenie przez dokumentalistów działań rządzących, by zabezpieczyć poddanych przed niewolą. Na podstawie analizy historycznoliterackiej – z wyselekcjonowanych pod względem tematycznym wypowiedzi memuarystów można wyciągnąć wnioski, że oceny te były najczęściej krytyczne. Podjęte w niniejszym szkicu rozważania nie przykuły uwagi badaczy literatury staropolskiej; mogą też posłużyć obserwacjom historycznym i kulturoznawczym.
Stress und Flexibilität. Befragung der Mitarbeiter*innen der Universitätsbibliothek und des Universitätsarchivs Wien zu den Auswirkungen des ersten Lockdowns auf deren Arbeitssituation
Authors: Mayer Adelheid
Published: December 2020

Mit dem Inkrafttreten des Covid-19-Maßnahmengesetzes am 16. März 2020 veränderte sich auch an der Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Wien die Arbeitssituation von ca. 480 Mitarbeiter*innen schlagartig. Um herauszufinden, wie die Phase des Lockdowns empfunden wurde, führte die Stabstelle Innovation im Mai 2020 eine Online-Umfrage durch. Das Ergebnis verdeutlicht, wie heterogen diese Umstellung subjektiv empfunden wurde und welche Schwierigkeiten bei der Bewältigung eine Rolle spielten. Negative Faktoren wie beengte Wohnverhältnisse, zusätzliche Betreuungspflichten und mangelnde technische Infrastruktur, aber auch Einsamkeit und Isolation stehen positiven Umständen wie die Vorteile des Homeoffice (Ausschlafen, Einsparen der Arbeitswege) und größere Autonomie gegenüber. Die Untersuchung belegt, dass die Krise insgesamt relativ gut durch die Mitarbeiter*innen bewältigt werden konnte und der Bibliothek zu einem enormen Digitalisierungsschub in den Arbeitsabläufen verhalf. Sie zeigt aber auch Bereiche auf, in denen es Handlungsbedarf gibt.
Tutorials of Visual Graphic Communication Programs for Interior Design
Authors: Cho Yongyeon
Published: December 2020

This book is for the beginning level of both architecture and interior design students who learn computer graphic communication software. The author developed multiple tutorials to teach three computer graphic applications, AutoCAD, Revit, and Enscape. AutoCAD is an essential computer drafting software which is 2D drawing software. Revit is a Building Information Modeling software, which is 3D based modeling software. Lastly, Enscape is a real-time rendering, animation, and virtual reality plug-in for users' 4D experiences.
The quality of inclusive education from the perspective of teachers in Poland and Croatia
Authors: Žic Ralić Anamarija , Cvitković Daniela , Żyta Agnieszka , Ćwirynkało Katarzyna
Published: December 2020

The aim of the study was to explore Croatian and Polish teachers’ opinions on quality of inclusive education. A sample of 173 teachers from Poland and 139 from Croatia completed the Scale on Quality Indicators for Inclusion – for Teachers. In general, teachers reported positive assessments of inclusion quality. Respondents from both countries gave highest ratings on the subscale Support monitoring and evaluation, while the lowest ratings were given on the subscale Teaching assistant support by Polish participants and on the subscale Resources for inclusive education by the Croatian sample. Poland teachers gave higher ratings than Croatian teachers on all the subscales except Teaching assistant support. The discussion makes an attempt to present how two different societal contexts shape the development and implementation of inclusion.
Pitanja i odnosi posljedica izloženosti riziku rada s azbestom
Authors: Učur Marinko Đ.
Published: December 2020

U brojnim trgovačkim društvima (poduzećima) u proizvodnji, odnosno u realizaciji registrirane djelatnosti korišten je azbest pa su radnici radeći kod tih poslodavaca bili izloženi riziku posljedica toga i takvoga rada. Za neke od tih radnika posljedice su pogubne jer su oboljeli od azbestoze i drugih bolesti. Mnogi poslodavci prestali su s radom, a pravni sljednici, neki od njih, od 2005. godine i ne obavljaju djelatnost u kojoj se upotrebljava azbest jer je zabranjen.
Ozbiljan je problem (veliki broj socijalnih slučajeva) kako obeštetiti (ako je uopće moguće) radnike koji su bili izloženi azbestu. Države se javljaju kao „jamac“ isplate novčanih naknada kao oblika obeštećenja. Na to Republiku Hrvatsku obvezuju nacionalni i regionalni propisi (konvencije MOR-a, direktive EU-a), ali i nacionalni propisi o tim pitanjima i odnosima.
Propisi su na snazi i primjenjuju se u složenom i zahtjevnom postupku. Razlozi financijske naravi determiniraju rješavanje tih pitanja, a posljedice se javljaju i nakon 30 pa i 40 godina od izloženosti radnika riziku rada s azbestom. Predmet ovoga rada ukazuje na težinu društvenih i pravnih odnosa i pitanja.
Sigurnost na izdvojenom mjestu rada
Authors: Begović Vitomir
Published: December 2020

Tehnološki i komunikacijski napredak mijenja način života i rada, pa sve više prostora i na razini Europe dobiva mogućnost rada izvan sjedišta poslodavca. Kao primjere rada na izdvojenom mjestu rada mogu se navesti: rad kod kuće (primjerice različiti administrativni poslovi, pisanje i uređivanje tekstova, lektoriranje, i dr.) i rad na izdvojenom radnom mjestu/na putu (primjerice rad trgovačkih putnika, servisera, prodajnih predstavnika kompanija i dr.).
U sklopu mjera fizičkog distanciranja koje su uvedene u većini država članica zbog sprečavanja širenja pandemije COVID-19, radnike se potiče ili obvezuje da rade od kuće ako im to dopušta priroda njihova posla. Većina tih radnika prvi put radi na daljinu i njihovo radno okruženje vjerojatno ima mnogo nedostataka u odnosu na njihovo radno mjesto. Sadašnje, a posebno buduće okolnosti upućuju na potrebu usklađivanja odredbi Zakona o radu, kao i propisa iz područja zaštite na radu. Pored navedenog, takav oblik rada trebao bi se precizno ugovoriti kolektivnim ugovorima, internim aktima, odnosno ugovorom između poslodavca i pojedinog radnika, i to prije početka rada, a ovisno o nastalim okolnostima može se sastaviti i aneks ugovora o radu tijekom radnog odnosa.
Effect of Maqashid Syariah Application on Corporate Governance in Sharia Hotels
Authors: Yuliafitri Indri , Nurhayati Euis , Amrania Gia Kardina
Published: December 2020

Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest Muslim population in the world. This issue gives Indonesia has an excellent opportunity to develop the halal industry. Indonesia's halal industry is still inferior when compared to predominantly non-Muslim countries. Halal tourism, especially in this case sharia hotels, is one of the business lines that has received significant attention in this modern era. In recent years tourism has become a different trend for various groups; this has led to a demand for travel facilities that do not conflict with Islamic values. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of the application of Maqashid Syariah on Corporate Governance in Sharia Hotels. The research methodology used is a survey. The type of data used in this study is primary data. Analysis of the data in this study was using a simple regression analysis. The study results show that the implementation of Sharia Magashid has a significant influence on good governance and governance in sharia hotel management.
Operating and defending Red Sea harbors and Eastern Desert trails in the Hellenistic and early Roman periods: the case of Berenike
Authors: Woźniak Marek Adam
Published: December 2020

The Hellenistic road network in the Eastern Desert and Red Sea coast of Egypt has been at the nexus of important archaeological research on several sites in the region in the second half of the 20th century. The work was focused at first on the Roman remains of this network, but with time it became evident that the Romans had made use of a system developed in Hellenistic and even earlier, Pharaonic times. French and Italian investigations at Marsa Gawasis, Gebel Zeit and Wadi al-Jarf contributed data on the marine expeditions of Old Kingdom rulers into the Sinai and Middle Kingdom rulers to the Land of Punt. Key information for the Hellenistic period came from the French exploration of gold mines and fortified features at Samut and the fort at Abbad. Of equal importance was the work of a Dutch–American and then Polish–American team at the Hellenistic and Roman coastal harbor of Berenike Trogodytica. This work uncovered remains of a Hellenistic port-base in the Eastern Desert region of Egypt, giving grounds for broadening a general understanding of the daily functioning, logistics, and functional interdependence of the Hellenistic road network in the region, which enabled in turn a comparison with the Roman counterpart. The present paper considers the functioning of this system based on the author’s work in Berenike.
Surprisingly Late Metastasis of Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Thyroid Gland Detected by Routine Multiparametric Ultrasound
Authors: Dukaczewska Agata Katarzyna , Delsa A. , T. Mogl M. , Lerchbaumer M. H. , Mantouvalou L. , Goretzki P. E. , Taube E. T. , Fischer Thomas , Dukaczewska Agata Katarzyna
Published: December 2020

The differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules in patients treated for renal cell carcinoma in the past can be
challenging unless they present sonographic features of malignancy. The possibility of metastases to the
thyroid gland, even many years after the primary occurrence of the renal tumor, should always be
considered. Here, we present the case of a patient diagnosed with metastases of a renal cell carcinoma to
the thyroid 22 years after nephrectomy of the left kidney and uneventful follow-up.
IX. Yüzyıl Abbâsî Dönemi Hanedan Üyesi Mûsikîşinasların Kitâbü’l-Egânî’deki Anlatımları
Authors: DİNÇ Sema
Published: December 2020

İslâm’ın ilk yıllarından bugüne fıtrî bir olgusallık taşıyan mûsikî sanatı, hayatın tüm mecralarında varlığını göstermiştir. Râşid halifelerle beraber İslam Devleti sınırlarını genişletmiş, yeni kültürlerle tanışılmış ve ictimâî hayatta ilmî faaliyetler artmıştır. Mûsikî sanatı da ilk halifelerle birlikte ibtidâî olarak icra edilmekten ziyade bahsettiğimiz vesilelerle profesyonelliğe doğru evrilmeye başlamıştır. Emevîler döneminde bir sanat dalı olarak beliren ve devlet erkânı tarafından da ilgi gören ve dahi himaye edilen bir uğraşı halini almıştır. Ancak, Abbâsî devletinin geniş kapsamlı kültürel faaliyetleri ile birlikte mûsikî sanatı, ilimler sınıflandırmasında yer almış ve bu sanatın kâideleri belirlenerek nazariyesi oluşturulmaya başlanmıştır. Mûsikîşinaslık ise bir meslek olarak kabul edilmiş, mûsikî icracıları bu manada yaşam sürdürme kaygısı duymadan sanatını geliştirmeye teşvik edilmiştir. Abbasi döneminde önemli oranda gelişme gösteren mûsikî sanatı, devletin halifeleri ve halife çocukları tarafından da ilgi görmüştür. Hükmî ve siyasi bazı engellerin hanedan üyeleri üzerinde etkisi görülmüş olsa da, mûsikîye olan kabiliyetleri, onların bu sanatta faaliyet göstermelerine mani olamamıştır. IX. yüzyıldan günümüze ulaşan eserlerin en önemlilerinden kabul edilen Kitâbü’l-Egânî bağlamında ve tarihsel müzikoloji yöntemi kullanılarak ilk dönem Abbâsî hanedan üyelerinin mûsikî yaşantılarına, icra hayatlarına ve bestekârlıklarına dair rivayetlere yer verilecek olan bu çalışmada, 12 mûsikîşinas/bestekâr hanedan üyesi konu edinilecektir. Yine kaynak tarama yönteminin de temel alındığı bu makalede, Kitâbü’l-Egânî’de yer alan bu isimlerin örnek birer bestesinin güfteleri, usulü ve eserle ilgili var olan diğer bilgilere değinilecektir.
Coğrafyanın Siyer Telifine Etkisi: Kelâî (ö. 634/1237) ve el-İktifâ’ Adlı Eseri Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: AKYÜREK Yakup
Published: December 2020

Siyer yazıcılığındaki geleneği, siyer müelliflerinin yaşadıkları coğrafyayı göz önünde bulundurarak ortaya siyer yazımı için büyük önem arz eder. Bu açıdan bu çalışmada Endülüslü hadis âlimi Ebü’r-Rebî‘ Süleyman el-Kelâî’nin (ö. 634/1237) yazdığı el-İktifâ’ fî (bimâ tedammenehû min) meğâzî Resûlillâh ve’s-selâseti’l-hulefâ adlı eserinden yola çıkarak coğrafyanın siyer telifine etkisine değinilmeye çalışılmıştır. Endülüs’ün içerisinde bulunduğu siyasi, ilmi ve edebî ortamın izdüşümleri takip edilerek eserdeki yansımaları tespit edilmiştir. Bu bakımdan bu çalışmada öncelikli olarak bir müellifin yaşadığı coğrafyanın şahsiyetine ve akabinde eserine etkisine temas edilecek; ardından siyer yazıcılığı açısından geç dönemde yazılmış olan bu eserin siyer yazıcılığındaki konumu ve önemi üzerinde durulmuştur. Kelâî, siyasi ortamın yanında aynı zamanda ilmi ve edebî olarak da yaşadığı coğrafyadan etkilenmiştir. Yaşadığı dönemde edebiyatın ileri bir noktada olduğu ifade edilir. Kelâî, eserinde birçok edebî sanata başvurmuş, şiire büyük önem atfetmiş ve kendi yaşadığı dönemde yazılan 121 beyitlik bir kasideyi de aktarmıştır. Bu bakımdan aktardığı bu kasideyle geç dönemde yazılmış manzum bir şiiri siyer malzemesine dâhil etmiştir.
Efficacy of Electrical Stimulation-Augmented Virtual Reality Training in Improving Balance in Individuals with Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: Study Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Walia Shefali , Kumar Pragya , Kataria Chitra
Published: December 2020

Study Design: This study is a single-blind, parallel, three-group, and randomized controlled trial.Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of electrical stimulation-augmented virtual reality training in improving balance in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI).Overview of Literature: Individuals with iSCI often face significant balance and mobility impairments affecting their quality of life. Scientific studies focusing on standing balance training in the iSCI population are limited. Virtual reality-based balance training has shown positive results in several neurological populations. Electrical stimulation has also proved to be effective in improving voluntary muscle strength in partially paralyzed muscles after iSCI as well as promoting neuroplasticity.Methods: Forty-eight iSCI participants will be recruited based on the inclusion criteria. The participants will be randomly assigned to any of the three groups: virtual reality-based balance training along with the electrical stimulation group, virtual reality-based balance training along with sham stimulation group, or virtual reality-based balance training group. The intervention will be delivered as 60-minute sessions, thrice a week for 4 weeks.Results: The performance of the participants will be assessed using the lower extremity motor score, static and dynamic balance assessment using TechnoBody ProKin tilting platform and Berg Balance Scale, Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury, and World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF at pre-intervention, after 4 weeks post-intervention, and at 1-month follow-up.Conclusions: The trial will provide new knowledge about the effectiveness of electrical stimulation-augmented virtual reality training in improving balance in individuals with iSCI. The study results will contribute to the design of better rehabilitation programs for individuals with iSCI.
ARTISTIC EMBROIDERY AS A FACTOR OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RELATIONS BETWEEN THE DESIGN AND ARTISTIC MODELING OF CLOTHING
Authors: Skorobogatova O.
Published: December 2020

This article discusses the main aspects of intersubject relations of the subject "Modeling and artistic design of clothing" with special disciplines of professional training of bachelors in the field of artistic embroidery – such as" Performing skills in artistic embroidery"," Improving skills in artistic embroidery"," Technology and materials science"," Technical drawing"," General composition"," Design"," Academic painting"," Decorative painting"," Academic drawing"," Decorative drawing","color Science and coloristics". Attention is drawn to the fact that the work programs of academic subjects based on interdisciplinary connections affect the development of independence, conscious activity, and cognitive interests of students.
Douleurs musculosquelettiques diffuses chez l’enfant et l’adolescent : faut-il parler de fibromyalgie ?
Authors: Fournier-Charrière É. , Dusser P.
Published: December 2020

Les douleurs musculosquelettiques diffuses chroniques touchant plusieurs régions du corps sont fréquentes chez l’enfant et l’adolescent et peuvent parfois devenir chroniques. Dans ce cas faut-il évoquer le diagnostic de syndrome fibromyalgique juvénile (SFMJ) ? Quelques rares équipes ont décrit depuis 1985 de petites cohortes de SFMJ, où les douleurs diffuses entraînant un retentissement sur la qualité de vie sont associées comme chez l’adulte à la fatigue, la dépression, les céphalées, le syndrome de côlon irritable et à l’examen, la présence de points douloureux (symptôme qui ne figure plus dans les critères diagnostiques). Sa prévalence se situe entre 1,2 et 6,2 %. Le contexte de cette douleur fonctionnelle dite nociplastique (par abaissement du seuil de perception de la douleur) comporte des facteurs de susceptibilité intrinsèques (sexe, hyperlaxité, seuil de sensibilité à la douleur, etc.) et extrinsèques (contexte sociofamilial, traumatisme physique et/ou psychique, etc.). Le SFMJ a un impact important sur la scolarité et nécessite une prise en charge multimodale combinant des thérapies physiques, comportementales et psychothérapeutiques. L’évolution dans le temps semble variable. Parallèlement, de nombreuses équipes décrivent des enfants et adolescents souffrant de douleurs musculosquelettiques chroniques diffuses et inexpliquées comportant les mêmes caractéristiques. Pourtant, l’analyse de la littérature sur le SFMJ, réalisée lors d’une expertise coordonnée par l’Inserm, ne permet pas d’identifier, à ce jour, des critères objectifs le distinguant d’autres formes de douleurs chroniques diffuses chez les enfants/adolescents. Il est donc recommandé en France comme en Allemagne de ne pas utiliser ce diagnostic chez l’enfant/adolescent souffrant de douleurs musculosquelettiques chroniques.
HEAT CONSUMPTION IN ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Belous A. N. , Overchenko M. V.
Published: December 2020

The main purpose of the work is to estimate the influence of the intermittent heat supply from internal sources on inside air temperature in academic institutions. The functioning of academic institutions during the heating period is periodic. This is the reason for the unstable heat consumption. The periodic presence of people in classrooms leads to the intermittent heat supply. Heat consumption is averaged either over the area or the time. This makes it difficult to estimate the consumption on the thermal conditions in academic institutions. The paper gives a comparative analysis of calculating methods of the heat consumption. The temperature rise is determined theoretically allowing for the intermittent heat supply. Field studies are carried out of the temperature conditions in the classroom. The temperature increase and the heat consumption are determined herein.
ESTIMATED PERFORMANCE STANDARDIZATION OF CLAYEY SOILS IN THE TOMSK REGION FOR THE QUALITY ASSURANCE IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Churilin V. S. , Efimenko S. V. , Efimenko V. N. , Sukhorukov A. V. , Drozdov Yu. V.
Published: December 2020

The paper indicates the need to develop a standard of organization with regard to the regional studies carried out by specialists from the Automobile Roads Department of Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building. The boundaries of the road-building climatic zones are clarified together with the road geocomplexes in the Tomsk region. A set of design values is recommended for clay soils to provide the qualitative design of nonrigid road pavements.
RURAL TOURISM AS A FACTOR OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE NOVOSHESHMINSKY REGION IN TATARSTAN
Authors: Novikov S. V. , Osina V. L.
Published: December 2020

This paper develops the principles of the architectural and urban development environment of rural tourism in the e Novosheshminsky region of the Republic of Tatarstan. The concept of rural tourism, a comprehensive analysis of the tourist potential of the Novosheshminsky region and Tatarstan and foreign experience allow developing principles of creating a comfortable tourist environment. The paper identifies significant aspects of organizing the touristic infrastructure in the rural areas and their correct use in the given conditions, the Novosheshminsky region, in particular. The concept of the sustainable development of this region will be further developed.
The importance, role and promise of endophytic bacteria in horticulture
Authors: Bobkova V. V. , Konovalov S. N. , Motyleva S. M. , Upadyshev M. T. , Chebotar V. K.
Published: December 2020

The article highlights current research that discusses the importance, role and application potential of endophytic bacteria in industrial horticulture. A review of national and foreign publications on the prevalence, taxonomic composition and function of endophytic bacteria in agricultural and horticultural plant objects is presented. Key endophytic bacterial phyla and genera associated with agricultural plants have been previously characterised. The authors consider the main plant organs and tissues that harbour endophytic bacteria, routes of bacterial colonisation and host-to-host transmission, endophyte relationships with the host species, as well as the genotype, seasonal period, environment, taxonomic and varietal composition of host plants. The host-microbiome relationship is intimate and mutually beneficial. Endophytic bacteria positively impact organogenesis and embryogenesis in agricultural plants, transforming phosphorus and atmospheric nitrogen into plant-absorbable forms and producing hormones that stimulate plant growth. Endophytic flora are able to produce vitamins, siderophores, phytohormones, antibiotic like-substances and phytopathogen-antagonistic exoenzymes, which play a role in enhancing a plant’s resistance to disease and stress, while simultaneously increasing its yield. Current evidence indicates the ability of endophytic bacteria isolated from garden crops to produce indolyl acetic acid, solubilise phosphates, potentially stimulate plant growth and suppress antagonistic phytopathogens. Endophytic bacteria are important regulators of growth, development and fruiting in garden crops, sustaining their reproduction and thus having a strong potential for use in biopreparations in industrial horticulture.
The examine of imagery and self-efficacy levels of athletes in terms of some variables
Authors: KOCAEKŞİ Serdar , SEZER Umut , ALP Ayşegül Funda , TAŞÇIOĞLU Ramazan
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study is to evaluate the imagery and self-efficacy beliefs of athletes. 35 male and 47 female; totally 82 athletes participated in the study. SIQ and SES scale was used to collect the data. SES (Self-Efficacy Scale) that was developed Riggs et al. (1994) was translated and adapted to Turkish by Öcel (2002). SIQ (Sport Imagery Questionnaire) especially developed for sports and it was designed by Hall et al (1998). Turkish adaptation of inventory was done by Kızıldağ in 2007.. According to t test results by gender comparative comparison, sub dimension of sport imagery questionnaire there is a statistically significant difference at the sub dimension of imagery which is the Motivational Specific Imagery and Motivational General Arousal Imagery (p<0.05). The Correlation results showed that there was a significant relationship between Cognitive Imagery and Self Efficacy; Motivational Specific Imagery and Self Efficacy; Motivational General-Mastery and Self Efficacy (p<0.05). The results of this study reveal that, the imagery change in terms of gender, imagery and self-efficacy beliefs show some relationships and this relationship is observable.
James Legge on the Lun Yu’s text history
Authors: Golovacheva L. I.
Published: December 2020

The article examines the views of the outstanding British Sinologist James Legge (1815–1897) on the textual history of the Lun Yu’. Based on the methodological approach as adapted in the textual historical studies the author, Lidia Golovacheva studies the views by J. Legg on the phenomena as follows. 1. The Qing views on the destruction of books and the killing of scholars, which took place during the Qin dynasty and on the targeted collection of ancient books in the Han era. 2. The compilation process of Lun Yu’s text by the Han dynasty scholars. 3. When and by whom the Lun Yu was written. 4. Who left comments on Lun Yu. 5. Variant readings in Lun Yu. The views on Lun Yu by Legge to a significant part are influenced by those of traditional Chinese scholars. They reflect the general height, reached by the Lun yu’ textology in the 19th cent. This builds a solid basis for future research on the development of Lun Yu studies in the Sinological studies in China, Western Europe and worldwide.
Otpornost različitih sorti pšenice na pšeničnog žiška (Sitophilus granarius L.)
Authors: Jukić Željko , Matković Ana , Liška Anita , Jukić Karmen
Published: December 2020

Ciljevi ovog rada bili su utvrditi razlike u otpornosti različitih sorata pšenice na pšeničnog žiška i koliki su gubici od žižaka u masi zrna tijekom 20 tjedana skladištenja. Istraživanje je provedeno u laboratoriju Zavoda za specijalnu proizvodnju bilja Agronomskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu na 3 sorte pšenice: Divana, Renan i Sana. U staklenke (720 ml) stavljeno je 100 g zrna i 20 nasumično odabranih odraslih žižaka. Staklenke sa zrnom i žišcima bile su 20 tjedana smještene u laboratoriju pri prosječnoj temperatura zraka od 24,9°C i prosječnoj relativnoj vlazi zraka od 64,7%. Tijekom perioda skladištenja, uočen je rast populacije pšeničnog žiška kod sve tri sorte pšenice. Najveći broj žižaka zabilježen je kod sorte Sana, što čini povećanje početne populacije za 28 puta, dok je kod sorata Renan i Divana početna populacija povećana za 1,8, odnosno 1,6 puta. Nakon 20 tjedana skladištenja gubitak mase zrna iznosio 1,30% za sortu Renan, 1,70% za sortu Divana te 12,45% za sortu Sana. Žišci su se hranili i razmnožavali više na zrnima sorte Sana jer ima mekanije zrno od sorata Divana i Renan koje su tvrđeg zrna. Obzirom da su u ovom istraživanju promatrani samo neki čimbenici koji mogu utjecati na otpornost pšenice na žiške, potrebno je nastaviti istraživanja i pri tome uzeti i druge čimbenike u razmatranje kako bi se što bolje istražile razlike u otpornosti između sorata pšenice.
Bioaktivni spojevi u plodu, listu i sjemenci maline (Rubus idaeus L.)
Authors: Maslov Bandić Luna , Jenić Milena , Duralija Boris
Published: December 2020

Malina (Rubus idaeus L.) jedna je od voćnih vrsta koje su bogate raznolikim kemijskim spojevima kao što su vitamini, minerali i polifenoli. Polifenoli utječu na senzorna i nutritivna svojstva biljke. Listovi i sjemenke maline, koje su većinom nusprodukt proizvodnje imaju značajan sadržaj polifenola, te bi se zajedno s plodovima mogli više koristiti u ljudskoj prehrani kao alternativni izvor bioaktivnih spojeva. U ovom radu određivani su polifenolni spojevi, te je utvrđen sadržaj flavonoida, antocijana i ukupnih fenola u plodu, sjemenci i listu maline sorte 'Himbo Top'. Najveći maseni udio polifenola imale su sjemenke maline, od kojih je izmjereno najviše flavonoida (2853,03 mg/100 g svježeg uzorka) i ukupnih fenola (2369,44 mg/100 g svježeg ploda), a najmanji maseni udio polifenola kod maline imali su plodovi. Također, određen je i antioksidacijski kapacitet pomoću DPPH i ABTS metode, te nisu utvrđene značajne razlike u antioksidacijskom kapacitetu između ploda, lista i sjemenke. Pomoću LC-MS metode identificirani su pojedinačni antocijani i flavonoli u plodu maline.
REBIRTH Epistemological Paradigm as a transformational tool for individuals and organizations post COVID-19 outbreak: a new normal adaptation model
Authors: Del M.N. Sekgaphane  , Costa King
Published: December 2020

COVID-19 has impacted how organisations function the world over. Adaptation models that will bring sustainability in the new normal will need to integrate humanistic perspectives beyond the five normal dimensions of emotional intelligence to inculcating the cultural perspectives and indegenous methods of community engagement and inquiry. This article is one of a series produced by authors, pursuant to an intense doctoral study by one of the authors which culminated in a Rebirth model. The setting of the study was at one of the largest banking groups in South Africa, whereby collective engagement for Organisational Change and Development (OCD) using multiple methods within the intepretivist ontological phylosophy was investigated. The study resulted in the establishment of Rebirth first as a paradigm for enquiry, complemented by phenomenological research strategy in conjuction with the Integral Research Approach (IRA) using both Feminist Transformative theories in a Participatory Action Research (PAR) mode for data collection. This paper provides basic steps into undertanding Rebirth philosophy through explication of its six (6) pillars, namely; Ubuntu-Botho, Nature, Dialogue, Story-telling, Symbols and Tribal Circle. Core to the Rebirth philosophy are the eight (8) human factors of behavior, classified as quotients in a spiral direction representing the womb as a place of seed germination to birth and ultimate attainment of knoledge that leads to productive execution.
TÜRK VE RUS KAYNAKLARINA GÖRE KAFKAS İSLAM ORDUSU’NUN KAFKASYA HAREKÂTINA YENİ BİR BAKIŞ
Authors: MEMMEDLİ Marziye , ÇELİK Muharrem Yunus
Published: December 2020

Osmanlı Devleti’nin Kafkasya politikası bu bölgede çıkarları olan İran ve Rusya gibi devletlerin politikasına ters düştüğünden Osmanlı Devleti sadece Kafkasya’nın Müslüman nüfusuna manevi yardımlarda bulunmakla yetinmiştir. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun Kafkasya bölgesine girmek için ilk ve tek fırsatını 1917 Bolşevik İhtilali sonrası Sovyet Rusya ile Osmanlı Devleti’nin I. Dünya Savaşı’ndaki müttefiki olan Almanya arasında imzalanan Brest Litovsk Barış Antlaşması’yla yakalamış ve bu fırsatı elden kaçırmamak adına anlaşmanın imzalanmasının hemen ardından bölgeye askeri harekâta başlamıştır. Bölgedeki Türk ve Müslüman halklarına yardım ve kendi devlet politikasını yürütmek adına özel olarak Kafkas İslam Ordusu’nu kurmuş ve bu ordu Kafkasya’daki Türk ve Müslümanların bölgedeki Ermeni-Bolşevik mezalimine karşı tek umut yeri olmuştur. Hem Güney Kafkasya’da kurulmuş olan Azerbaycan Halk Cumhuriyeti hem Kuzey Kafkasya’daki Dağlı Cumhuriyeti, Kafkas İslam Ordusu’nu kendi kurtarıcısı olarak görmüş, bölgeye yerleşen Türk askerlerinin yardımlarıyla onlara karşı yapılan katliamın karşısında yer almıştırlar. Ancak Osmanlı Devleti’nin 1918 yılında imzaladığı Mondros Ateşkes Antlaşması bu yardımı kısa süreli kılmış ve Kafkas İslam Ordusu anlaşmanın maddelerine uygun olarak bölgeden çekilmek zorunda kalmıştır. Bu ise yeni kurulmuş devletleri Bolşeviklerin Kızıl Ordusu, çar taraftarlarının Beyaz Ordusu ve İtilaf devletlerinden bölgenin büyük kısmının manda hukukunu almış İngiltere karşısında zayıf duruma düşürmüş ve sonuçta Bolşeviklerin işgaliyle yeni kurulmuş cumhuriyetler tarih sahnesinden kaldırılmışlar.
THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE IN THE KINGDOM OF GEORGIA’S FOREIGN POLICY IN THE 11TH CENTURY
Authors: ERCAN Ayşe Beyza
Published: December 2020

The end of the 10th century and the early 11th century marked an important beginning for the political affairs of the Kingdom of Georgia. At the beginning of the 11th century, the unification of the Kingdom of Georgia and the Kingdom of Abkhazia by the Bagrationi Dynasty made Georgia an important player in its region after a long time. The completion of this political formation was initiated by Bagrad III and took place towards the end of the 10th century. In this period, the Caucasus occupied an important place in Byzantine foreign policy. The influence of the Byzantine Empire on Georgia, as a knock-on effect, influenced the South Caucasus in general. In the first half of the 11th century, the Byzantine Empire was an important vector in Georgian foreign policy but it was the Turks, who influenced Georgian foreign policy fundamentally in the second half of the same century. In domestic politics, Georgia was busy in recovering its order and resolving disputes created by its feudal lords. Liparit, a member of the Georgian aristocrat Bagvashi family, received support from the Byzantine Empire in order to gain power in the Kingdom of Georgia. The Byzantine Empire’s policy of dominating Transcaucasia was facilitated by Liparit’s ambitions and his cooperation with the Empire. In the light of a wide range of sources, this article is an attempt to examine relations between the Kingdom of Georgia and the Byzantine Empire in the context of the policies of Bagrat IV and Liparit. This period in history is significant because Alp-Arslan’s military campaigns towards Georgia came after this political epoch of Transcaucasia.
KARADENİZ BÖLGESİ’NDE MİLLİ MÜCADELE’NİN ÖRGÜTLENMESİ: SİVİL VE ASKERİ TEŞKİLATLANMALAR
Authors: OKUR Mehmet
Published: December 2020

Mondros Mütarekesi ile beraber başlayan işgallere İstanbul Hükümeti sessiz kalırken Anadolu’nun dört bir yanından tepkiler yükselmiş, her bir bölge veya vilayet halkı kendi topraklarını savunmak için genelde Müdafaa-i Hukuk adı altında olmak üzere çeşitli teşkilatlar kurmuşlar, kongreler düzenlemişler ve silahlı savunma birlikleri oluşturmuşlardır. Karadeniz Bölgesi de bu tür milli teşkilatların kurulduğu ve etkinliğini Milli Mücadelenin sonuna kadar sürdürdüğü bölge olması bakımından büyük önem arz etmektedir. Mustafa Kemal Paşa’nın da büyük bir övgüyle bahsettiği bu teşkilatlanmalar Milli Hareketin kısa zamanda ülke sathına yayılmasını sağladığı gibi, özellikle Batı Cephesi’nde verilen savaşlar için gerekli olan lojistik desteğin de en önemli dayanağı olmuştur. Osmanlı donanmasının tamamen enterne edildiği, direniş için gerekli olan her türlü lojistik desteğin neredeyse imkânsız hale geldiği, Pontusçu çetelerin katliam yaptığı bu dönemde Karadeniz halkı kurdukları sivil ve askeri teşkilatlarla bölge asayişine büyük katkıda bulunmuş, Milli Hareketin kurumsallaşarak daha güçlü savunma yapılarının kurulmasına zaman kazandırmıştır. Karada ve denizde olmak üzere Hopa’dan Zonguldak’a kadar hemen bütün kıyı boyunca oluşturulan bu yapılar, Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde asayişi sağladığı gibi Doğu Cephesi’nden Batı Cephesi’ne, Rus limanlarından Türk limanlarına cephane nakliyatı yapmak suretiyle milli mücadelenin kazanılmasında da büyük rol oynamışlardır.