bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why Do Males of Parnassius imperator Fight for Bare Rocks but Not the Nectar Flower During Mate Selection?
Authors: Da Xin‐Wei , Zhang Rui , Chen Guo‐Liang , Ren Qing‐Miao , Lin Yi‐Fan , Du Bo
Published: May 2016

Territoriality is an important male behavioral trait used in mate selection of butterflies, but the factors determining the outcome of territorial contests remain controversial. We studied the foraging and territorial behaviors of males in the Parnassius imperator butterfly. Adult males were selective about nectar sources, but they did not defend nectar flowers. By contrast, they fought over areas of bare rocks because bare rocks were used as lek locations to attract and court receptive females. The ownership of a lek, rather than sex pheromones or wing pigments, played the key role in attracting females. In an owner replacement experiment, the owner of a territory always defeated intruders, indicating that perching order, not relative body size, determined the outcome of territorial contests. Territories are small areas of bare rocks that lack food resources, so intruders do not challenge the ownership of a resident in a location where they can easily find vacant territories. Males that first perch in a territory have an advantage compared to intruders in that they can forage on flowers in the vicinity of the territory. This may help explain why satiated owners always defeated fatigued intruders. Our findings suggest that early perching on bare rock allows male butterflies of P. imperator to occupy a territory, attract receptive females and exclude later‐arriving competitors.
Long and short (timeframe) of endoplasmic reticulum stress‐induced cell death
Authors: Ryoo Hyung Don
Published: May 2016

A number of age‐dependent degenerative diseases are caused by chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in vital cells. In many cases, the afflicted cells suffer from ER stress since birth, but the death of irreplaceable cells occurs only late in life. Although our understanding of ER stress‐induced cell death has advanced significantly, most of the known mechanisms involve pathways that signal within hours, and it remains unclear how these pathways regulate cell death that occurs only decades later. Here, I highlight the conceptual issues and suggest ways to make sense of the age‐related effect of ER stress‐induced cell death in degenerative diseases.
Hydrophobin‐1 promotes thermostability of firefly luciferase
Authors: Lohrasbi‐Nejad Azadeh , Torkzadeh‐Mahani Masoud , Hosseinkhani Saman
Published: May 2016

The thermal sensitivity of firefly luciferase limits its use in certain applications. Firefly luciferase has hydrophobic sites on its surface, which lead to aggregation and inactivation of the enzyme at temperatures over 30 °C. We have successfully stabilized firefly luciferase at high temperatures with the assistance of a unique protein, hydrophobin‐1 (HFB1). HFB1 is a small secretory protein belonging to class II of hydrophobins with a low molecular weight (7.5 kDa) and distinct functional hydrophobic patch on its surface. The interaction of HFB1 with hydrophobic sites on the surface of luciferase was confirmed by extrinsic fluorescence studies using 8‐anilino‐1‐naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) as a hydrophobic reporter probe. Calculation of thermodynamic parameters of heat inactivation of luciferase shows that conformational changes and flexibility of enzyme decreased in the presence of HFB1, and thermostability of the HFB1‐treated enzyme increased. Furthermore, the addition of HFB1 into the enzymatic solution leads to an increase in catalytic efficiency of luciferase and subsequently improves the utility of the enzyme as an ATP detector.
Progress in stem cell‐based therapy for liver disease
Authors: Shiota Goshi , Itaba Noriko
Published: May 2016

Liver transplantation has been accepted as a useful therapeutic approach for patients with end‐stage liver disease. However, the mismatch between the great demand for liver transplants and the number of available donor organs underscores the urgent need for alternative therapeutic strategies for patients with acute and chronic liver failure. The rapidly growing knowledge on stem cell biology has opened new avenues toward stem cell‐based therapy for liver disease. As stem cells have capacity for high proliferation and multipotent differentiation, the characteristics of stem cells fit the cell therapy. Several types of cells have been investigated as possible sources of liver regeneration: mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, liver progenitor cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and bone marrow mononuclear cells. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that these cells have great potential as candidates of stem cell therapy. We reviewed the reports on clinical trials of cell therapy for liver disease that have been recently undertaken using mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, bone marrow mononuclear cells, and liver progenitor cells. These reports have heterogeneity of description of trial design, types of infused cells, patient population, and efficacy of therapies. We addressed these reports from these viewpoints and clarified their significance. We hope that this review article will provide a perspective on the available approaches based on stem cell‐based therapy for liver disease.
Validation of a new measure of availability and accommodation of health care that is valid for rural and urban contexts
Authors: Haggerty Jeannie L. , Levesque Jean‐Frédéric
Published: May 2016

Context

Patients are the most valid source for evaluating the accessibility of services, but a previous study observed differential psychometric performance of instruments in rural and urban respondents.

Objective

To validate a measure of organizational accessibility free of differential rural–urban performance that predicts consequences of difficult access for patient‐initiated care.

Design

Sequential qualitative–quantitative study. Qualitative findings used to adapt or develop evaluative and reporting items. Quantitative validation study.

Setting

Primary data by telephone from 750 urban, rural and remote respondents in Quebec, Canada; follow‐up mailed questionnaire to a subset of 316.

Main measures and analyses

Items were developed for barriers along the care trajectory. We used common factor and confirmatory factor analysis to identify constructs and compare models. We used item response theory analysis to test for differential rural–urban performance; examine individual item performance; adjust response options; and exclude redundant or non‐discriminatory items. We used logistic regression to examine predictive validity of the subscale on access difficulty (outcome).

Results

Initial factor resolution suggested geographic and organizational dimensions, plus consequences of access difficulty. After second administration, organizational accommodation and geographic indicators were integrated into a 6‐item subscale of Effective Availability and Accommodation, which demonstrates good variability and internal consistency (α = 0.84) and no differential functioning by geographic area. Each unit increase predicts decreased likelihood of consequences of access difficulties (unmet need and problem aggravation).

Conclusion

The new subscale is a practical, valid and reliable measure for patients to evaluate first‐contact health services accessibility, yielding valid comparisons between urban and rural contexts.
Synthesis and Electrical Properties of Zn‐substituted Bismuth Copper Tantalate Pyrochlores
Authors: Chon Mun Ping , Tan Kar Ban , Zainal Zulkarnain , Taufiq‐Yap Yun Hin , Tan Phei Yi , Khaw Chwin Chieh , Chen Soo Kien
Published: May 2016

A complete substitutional solid solution, Bi3.08Cu1.84−xZnxTa3.08O14.16: 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.84, was prepared by solid‐state reaction at temperature 950°C over 48 h. These thermally stable pyrochlores exhibited a remarkable transition from semiconducting to highly insulating behavior as their electrical conductivities varied by many orders of magnitude depending on the Zn concentration. The recorded activation energies increased from 0.40 to 1.40 eV, while the dielectric constants, ε′, and losses, tan δ, were in the range 50–70 and of order 10−3–10−2 at 1 MHz and ambient temperature, ~25°C, respectively.
Mental health nurses' experiences of managing work‐related emotions through supervision
Authors: MacLaren Jessica , Stenhouse Rosie , Ritchie Deborah
Published: May 2016

Aim

The aim of this study was to explore emotion cultures constructed in supervision and consider how supervision functions as an emotionally safe space promoting critical reflection.

Background

Research published between 1995–2015 suggests supervision has a positive impact on nurses' emotional well‐being, but there is little understanding of the processes involved in this and how styles of emotion interaction are established in supervision.

Design

A narrative approach was used to investigate mental health nurses' understandings and experiences of supervision.

Methods

Eight semi‐structured interviews were conducted with community mental health nurses in theUKduring 2011. Analysis of audio data used features of speech to identify narrative discourse and illuminate meanings. A topic‐centred analysis of interview narratives explored discourses shared between the participants. This supported the identification of feelingrulesin participants' narratives and the exploration of the emotion context of supervision.

Findings

Effective supervision was associated with three feeling rules: safety and reflexivity; staying professional; managing feelings. These feeling rules allowed the expression and exploration of emotions, promoting critical reflection. A contrast was identified between the emotion culture of supervision and the nurses' experience of their workplace cultures as requiring the suppression of difficult emotions. Despite this, contrast supervision functioned as an emotion micro‐culture with its own distinctive feeling rules.

Conclusions

The analytical construct of feeling rules allows us to connect individual emotional experiences to shared normative discourses, highlighting how these shape emotional processes taking place in supervision. This understanding supports an explanation of how supervision may positively influence nurses' emotion management and perhaps reduce burnout.
Breastfeeding beyond infancy: a concept analysis
Authors: Brockway Meredith , Venturato Lorraine
Published: May 2016

Aim

To report an analysis of the concept of breastfeeding beyond infancy.

Background

The World Health Organization and Health Canada recommends breastfeeding is sustained until 2 years old and beyond. However, little is known about breastfeeding a child beyond 12 months old. Breastfeeding beyond infancy is defined as any breastfeeding over the age of 12 months with no parameters placed on who initiates the weaning process.

Design

Rodger's framework of concept analysis was used to organize and guide data analysis.

Data sources

A historical, systematic search of the literature up until 2014 was conducted using the search terms: breastfeedingORbreast feedingORbreast‐feedingANDsustained, extended, prolonged, long‐term and duration.

Methods

Literature was selected according to whether breastfeeding beyond 12 months old was described or analysed. All study designs and observational, descriptive and opinion papers were included in the initial screenings.

Results

Four characteristics were chosen as essential attributes of breastfeeding beyond infancy: health benefits, maternal profiles, parenting style and experiences. Consequences included stigma and secrecy. Additionally, the role of the nurse in supporting breastfeeding beyond infancy was explored.

Conclusions

The practice of breastfeeding beyond infancy is entrenched in parenting beliefs that serve to address the child's needs by fostering an intimate and attached relationship between the mother and child. Many women conceal their breastfeeding behaviour to protect themselves from unsolicited judgement and comments. Nurses are well‐served to understand, support and promote the practice of breastfeeding beyond infancy to ensure the bio‐psycho‐social health of their clients.
Recommendations for sexual expression management in long‐term care: a qualitative needs assessment
Authors: Syme Maggie L. , Lichtenberg Peter , Moye Jennifer
Published: May 2016

Aims

To conduct a qualitative needs assessment of Directors of Nursing regarding challenges and recommendations for addressing sexual expression and consent.

Background

Sexual expression management among long‐term care residents is a complex issue for nursing home staff. Little guidance is available for those wanting to follow a person‐centred approach. Policies and procedures are needed, and must be usable across long‐term care settings.

Design

Qualitative design for in‐depth exploration.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 20 Directors of Nursing in the spring and summer of 2013, representing a range of regions, facility sizes and resident populations. Interview questions prompted them to identify recommendations that address challenges to improving sexual expression management in long‐term care settings.

Results

Comparative thematic analysis resulted in several codes, which were grouped into eight overall categories. Recommendation categories that addressed key challenges included: address the issue, make environmental changes, identify staff expertise, provide education and training, assess sexuality initially and recurrently, establish policies/procedures for sexual expression management, develop assessment tools for sexual expression and consent, and clarify legal issues. The recommendation to develop national guidelines was observed across categories.

Discussion

Directors of Nursing report several challenges to sexual expression management in their facilities, and perceive their current methods to be ad hoc. A proactive approach to policy and procedure development is needed.
What role does knowledge quality play in online students’ satisfaction, learning and loyalty? An empirical investigation in an eLearning context
Authors: Waheed M. , Kaur K. , Kumar S.
Published: May 2016

Quality knowledge has an impact on online students learning outcomes and loyalty. A framework that delineates the perceived eLearning knowledge quality (KQ) and its relationship with learning outcomes and loyalty is currently absent. Grounded in the KQ and information system success framework – this study presents the indicators of perceived eLearning knowledge quality and its influence on students' satisfaction, which further influences their learning outcome and loyalty. In order to validate the eLearning KQ instrument and proposed relationships – data were collected from 348 online undergraduate and postgraduate students. The results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis validate five dimensions of perceived eLearning KQ – comprising Intrinsic KQ, Contextual KQ, Representational KQ, Accessible KQ and Actionable KQ. Further, the proposed relationships tested using Structural Equation Modelling demonstrated two main findings: (i) significant relationship between KQ and satisfaction – implying that students are gaining quality knowledge from eLearning content and are satisfied with it; (ii) significant relationship between satisfaction – academic performance, learning effectiveness and students' loyalty. This implies that satisfied students perceive better learning outcomes and a higher degree of loyalty towards the eLearning environment. The study contributes a causal model to encompass the distinct relationships between knowledge quality, satisfaction, learning outcomes and loyalty within an eLearning environment. Implications on eLearning delivery are also discussed.

Lay Description

Knowledge quality contributes to knowledge management system success.

Presents the KQ as a multidimensional construct in eLearning context.

Delineates the KQ significant relationship with learning outcomes and loyalty.

The framework can be utilized to provide quality education at a wider level.
Salivary antimicrobial defensins in pregnancy
Authors: Gürsoy Mervi , Gürsoy Ulvi K. , Liukkonen Anna , Kauko Tommi , Penkkala Saara , Könönen Eija
Published: May 2016

Aim

Susceptibility to and severity of gingival inflammation are enhanced during pregnancy; however, regulation of oral innate immune response, including antimicrobial peptides, during pregnancy is still unknown. We analysed salivary levels of human beta‐defensin (hBD)‐1, ‐2, ‐3, and human neutrophil peptide (HNP)‐1 in pregnant women, and related those to their periodontal status.

Material and Methods

In this cohort study, 30 generally healthy, non‐smoking Caucasian women without periodontitis were followed at three time points during pregnancy and twice post‐partum. The non‐pregnant group consisted of 24 women, who were examined three times at the following months. At each visit, periodontal status was recorded and stimulated saliva samples were collected. Salivary estradiol, progesterone, and defensin concentrations were measured by ELISA assays.

Results

After adjusting for visible plaque and gingival bleeding, reduced salivary concentrations of hBD‐1, hBD‐2, and HNP‐1 were found especially during the third trimester, whereas hBD‐3 concentrations did not change during pregnancy and post‐partum visits. Weak associations were observed between salivary defensin and hormone concentrations and clinical parameters.

Conclusion

There seems to be an independent regulation cascade for each antimicrobial defensin in the oral cavity during pregnancy, despite of the similarities between these antimicrobial peptides.
Effectiveness of enamel matrix derivative on the clinical and microbiological outcomes following surgical regenerative treatment of peri‐implantitis. A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Isehed Catrine , Holmlund Anders , Renvert Stefan , Svenson Björn , Johansson Ingegerd , Lundberg Pernilla
Published: May 2016

Objective

This randomized clinical trial aimed at comparing radiological, clinical and microbial effects of surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis alone or in combination with enamel matrix derivative (EMD).

Methods

Twenty‐six subjects were treated with open flap debridement and decontamination of the implant surfaces with gauze and saline preceding adjunctive EMD or no EMD. Bone level (BL) change was primary outcome and secondary outcomes were changes in pocket depth (PD), plaque, pus, bleeding and the microbiota of the peri‐implant biofilm analyzed by the Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray over a time period of 12 months.

Results

In multivariate modelling, increased marginal BL at implant site was significantly associated with EMD, the number of osseous walls in the peri‐implant bone defect and a Gram+/aerobic microbial flora, whereas reduced BL was associated with a Gram−/anaerobic microbial flora and presence of bleeding and pus, with a cross‐validated predictive capacity (Q2) of 36.4%. Similar, but statistically non‐significant, trends were seen for BL, PD, plaque, pus and bleeding in univariate analysis.

Conclusion

Adjunctive EMD to surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis was associated with prevalence of Gram+/aerobic bacteria during the follow‐up period and increased marginal BL 12 months after treatment.
Optimized Methodology for Alkaline and Enzyme‐Assisted Extraction of Protein from Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) Kernel Cake
Authors: Chirinos Rosana , Aquino Martin , Pedreschi Romina , Campos David
Published: May 2016

The residue after oil extraction from sacha inchi (SI) presents a high protein content of ∼59% that can be further exploited to extract proteins. In this study, the protein extraction parameters for defatted SI cake meal (DSICM) were optimized using alkaline and enzyme‐assisted extractions. A central composed design (CCD) was used to optimize the protein yield for both methods. The obtained response surface models (RSM) produced a satisfactory fitting of the results for both extraction methods (R2 = 0.9609–0.9761). For the alkaline extraction method, the optimal SI protein extraction conditions corresponded to 54.2C, solvent/meal 42/1 (v/w) ratio, NaCl concentration of 1.65 M, pH 9.5 for 30 min and yielded 29.7% protein. For the enzyme‐assisted method, optimal extraction conditions corresponded to an enzyme concentration of 5.6%, 40.4 min extraction, solvent/meal 50/1 (v/w) ratio, pH 9.0 and 50C and yielded 44.7% protein and hydrolysis degree of 7.8%.

Practical Applications

The cake obtained after oil extraction from SI seed is an important source of protein. Thus, efforts should focus on the development of protein extraction processes from the cake to add value to this by‐product. Up to date, studies are very limited. Results obtained in this study allowed the optimization of the protein extraction process from SI cake meal. The enzyme‐assisted protein extraction resulted in a higher quantity of protein recovery (∼1.5 fold more) than the alkaline protein extraction. The optimized protein extraction process will allow the food industry to obtain isolates or protein concentrates from SI cake meal to be used as techno‐functional, nutritional and/or functional agent.
Contributing to urban resilience to floods with neighbourhood design: the case of Am Sandtorkai/Dalmannkai in Hamburg
Authors: Serre D. , Barroca B. , Balsells M. , Becue V.
Published: May 2016

On‐going changes in cities caused by rapid urbanisation and climate change have increased both the flood probability and the severity of flooding. Consequently, there is a need for all cities to adapt to climate and socio‐economic changes by developing new strategies for flood risk management. The following risk paradigm shifts from traditional to more integrated approaches, since one of the main emerging tasks for city managers is the development of resilient cities. The concept of resilience is becoming more and more important, despite the many challenges that interfere with its implementation. The goal of this research is to create knowledge on how to operationalise flood resilience at the neighbourhood level through neighbourhood design. A research approach was used and a qualitative analysis tool, the DS3 model, was developed in order to study a particular neighbourhood of HafenCity, in Hamburg. Results show that design measures involving transportation infrastructure, land use (open public spaces) and buildings have been the main contributions to the flood resilience of the neighbourhood.
Simulation of cyclone‐induced storm surges in the low‐lying delta of Bangladesh using coupled hydrodynamic and wave model (SWAN + ADCIRC)
Authors: Deb M. , Ferreira C.M.
Published: May 2016

Bangladesh is vulnerable to several natural disasters and cyclone‐generated storm surges have resulted in the deaths of over 700 000 people since 1960. Advancing our capability to model and simulate storm surges using numerical models is utmost important to support early warning and emergency response efforts in the region. This study primarily explored the effectiveness of a hydrodynamic model (ADvanced CIRCulation, ADCIRC) coupled with wave model (Simulating WAves Nearshore, SWAN) under a high‐performance computing environment to simulate storm surge and inundation in coastal regions of Bangladesh. The modelling framework was validated using data from freely available historical reports and buoy data. The model‐generated storm surge water level shows good agreement with the observations with maximum R
2 value of 0.98 and root mean square error of 0.30 m. Ultimately, research findings have highlighted the importance of the coupled wave and hydrodynamic modelling to calculate storm surges in a region with poor observational coverage.
Relabelling behaviour. The effects of psycho‐education on the perceived severity and causes of challenging behaviour in people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities
Authors: Poppes P. , van der Putten A. , Post W. , Frans N. , ten Brug A. , van Es A. , Vlaskamp C.
Published: May 2016

Background

Prevalence rates of challenging behaviour are high in children and adults with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD). Moreover, many of these behaviours are observed daily. Direct support staff report that most challenging behaviour identified has little impact on the person with PIMD and attribute challenging behaviour in children and adults with PIMD mainly to a biomedical model. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether an intervention (psycho‐education) had any effect on direct support staff's assessment of challenging behaviour in terms of its severity and their biomedical causal explanations (attributions) for this behaviour.

Method

A stepped wedge study design was used to evaluate the effects of a psycho‐education intervention on the perceived severity and the attributions offered for challenging behaviour of people with PIMD by 198 direct support staff. We used questionnaires assessing the perceived severity of challenging behaviour and staff views of its causes. Data on the dependent variables were collected at four 1‐month intervals.

Results

The intervention was found to have an effect on the perceived severity of challenging behaviour identified in people with PIMD in the sense that staff generally scored challenging behaviour as more severe in its consequences after the intervention. However, this effect was very small. No significant effects were found in terms of reduction in the biomedical scale scores.

Conclusion

No evidence for the effectiveness of a psycho‐educational approach on the assessment of challenging behaviour in terms of severity and the biomedical attributions for behaviour was found. More research is required to explore further the effects of more elaborate training using methods to enable direct support staff to reflect on the behaviour of people with PIMD and on their own behaviour.
Subjective evaluation of a peer support program by women with breast cancer: A qualitative study
Authors: Ono Miho , Tsuyumu Yuko , Ota Hiroko , Okamoto Reiko
Published: May 2016

Aim

The aim of this study was to determine the subjective evaluation of a breast cancer peer support program based on a survey of the participants who completed the program.

Methods

Semistructured interviews were held with 10 women with breast cancer. The responses were subject to a qualitative inductive analysis.

Results

Women with breast cancer who participated in the breast cancer peer support program evaluated the features of the program and cited benefits, such as “Receiving individual peer support tailored to your needs,” “Easily consulted trained peer supporters,” and “Excellent coordination.” Also indicated were benefits of the peer support that was received, such as “Receiving peer‐specific emotional support,” “Obtaining specific experimental information,” “Re‐examining yourself,” and “Making preparations to move forward.” The women also spoke of disadvantages, such as “Strict management of personal information” and “Matching limitations.”

Conclusions

In this study, the subjective evaluation of a peer support program by women with breast cancer was clarified . The women with breast cancer felt that the program had many benefits and some disadvantages. These results suggest that there is potential for peer support‐based patient‐support programs in medical services that are complementary to the current support that is provided by professionals.
Older people and their care partners’ experiences of living with mental health needs: a focus on collaboration and cooperation
Authors: McCormack Brendan , Skatvedt Astrid
Published: May 2016

Aims and objectives

To explore how older people living at home with mental health needs and their care partners experienced the practices of collaboration within and between services.

Background

Many healthcare strategies for community mental health services for older people espouse a person‐centred approach or principles that are similar in focus.

Design

This study reports on the first stage of a three‐year action research project that focused on improving mental health services for older people and their care partners living at home. Data were collected through individual interviews. Twenty people were interviewed. Data were analysed continuously and in parallel with data collection for the identification of themes.

Results

We focus on two particular themes, ‘acknowledgement, recognition and respect’ and ‘the prestige hierarchy of mental illness in older people’. We highlight how older people and their care partners experience discontinuities in their everyday interactions with nurses and care workers and that this impacts on their experience of person‐centred care.

Conclusions

Older people with mental health needs and their care partners need high levels of energy to express their needs and have them met in a way that reflects principles of partnership working.

Relevance to clinical practice

Nurses and care workers need to consider how ‘tasks’ can be used as a vehicle for creating emotional connections with service users. Service managers and leaders need to consider the implications of discontinuities in care on service user, care partner, nurses and care workers experiences.
Diabetes literacy and informal social support: a qualitative study of patients at a diabetes centre
Authors: Black Stephen , Maitland Catherine , Hilbers Julieanne , Orinuela Kirsty
Published: May 2016

Aims and objectives

To explore the resources that patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes drew upon to manage the disease in their daily lives.

Background

Type 2 diabetes is a disease affecting Australian adults at a rate described as an ‘epidemic’. Treatment usually focuses on patient self‐management, which may require daily blood sugar monitoring, oral medications or injectable therapies, and regulating diet and exercise. Health research studies of patient self‐management, including those involving type 2 diabetes, have focused largely on individual‐centred definitions, though a number of studies, in particular qualitative studies, have indicated the positive role of social relationships and informal social networks.

Design

Exploratory, qualitative.

Methods

The project focused on 26 patients attending a diabetes centre for clinical consultations with centre staff including doctors, diabetes educators, podiatrists and dietitians. The consultations were observed and audio recorded, followed by semi‐structured, audio‐recorded interviews with the patients and separate interviews with the consulting professional staff.

Results

Overwhelmingly the patients drew on informal social networks of support to manage the disease. Spouses were significant, sometimes presenting with the patient as a ‘team’ approach to managing the disease. Sons and daughters also played a significant support role, especially interpreting during consultations and explaining health information. In some cases neighbours and also local community organisations provided informal support. Only two patients claimed not to use informal social support.

Conclusions

Informal social support in patients’ self‐management of type 2 diabetes was found to be an important factor to be considered by clinicians. The study suggested the need for a more deliberate or pro‐active policy to involve patients’ family and other informal social networks in treatment programs.

Relevance to clinical practice

Clinicians may need document and incorporate informal social support in the development and implementation of patient management plans.
Participatory design facilitates Person Centred Nursing in service improvement with older people: a secondary directed content analysis
Authors: Wolstenholme Daniel , Ross Helen , Cobb Mark , Bowen Simon
Published: May 2016

Aims and objectives

To explore, using the example of a project working with older people in an outpatient setting in a large UK NHS Teaching hospital, how the constructs of Person Centred Nursing are reflected in interviews from participants in a Co‐design led service improvement project.

Background

Person Centred Care and Person Centred Nursing are recognised terms in healthcare. Co‐design (sometimes called participatory design) is an approach that seeks to involve all stakeholders in a creative process to deliver the best result, be this a product, technology or in this case a service. Co‐design practice shares some of the underpinning philosophy of Person Centred Nursing and potentially has methods to aid in Person Centred Nursing implementation.

Research design

The research design was a qualitative secondary Directed analysis.

Methods

Seven interview transcripts from nurses and older people who had participated in a Co‐design led improvement project in a large teaching hospital were transcribed and analysed. Two researchers analysed the transcripts for codes derived from McCormack & McCance's Person Centred Nursing Framework.

Results

The four most expressed codes were as follows: from the pre‐requisites: knowing self; from care processes, engagement, working with patient's beliefs and values and shared Decision‐making; and from Expected outcomes, involvement in care. This study describes the Co‐design theory and practice that the participants responded to in the interviews and look at how the co‐design activity facilitated elements of the Person Centred Nursing framework.

Conclusions

This study adds to the rich literature about using emancipatory and transformational approaches to Person Centred Nursing development, and is the first study exploring explicitly the potential contribution of Co‐design to this area.

Implications for practice

Methods from Co‐design allow older people to contribute as equals in a practice development project, co‐design methods can facilitate nursing staff to engage meaningfully with older participants and develop a shared understanding and goals. The co‐produced outputs of Co‐design projects embody and value the expressed beliefs and values of staff and older people.
Perioperative nurses' attitudes towards organ procurement: a systematic review
Authors: Gao Weili , Plummer Virginia , Williams Allison
Published: May 2016

Aims and objectives

To explore and evaluate perioperative nurses’ experience of organ procurement.

Background

Organ procurement is part of the organ donation process, and is typically performed in the perioperative setting. This experience may contribute to perioperative nurses’ feelings of distress and negative attitudes towards organ donation.

Design

Systematic review of the literature.

Method

Primary research studies, published in the English language between 1990–2014 were identified, screened and appraised using Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tools. Data extraction and analysis followed.

Results

The quality assessment resulted in seven qualitative and three quantitative research studies. The main findings were: (1) Perioperative nurses reported feeling emotionally distressed, challenged, lonely and physically drained throughout the entire organ procurement procedure. (2) Perioperative nurses reported finding their own unique self‐coping strategies and ways of eliciting support. (3) Perioperative nurses had positive and negative attitudes towards organ donation.

Conclusion

Perioperative nurses reported feelings of sadness, feeling challenged and physically drained through the entire organ procurement procedure, which were influenced by differing factors in the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative stages. It is acknowledged that personal coping strategies and support are important to help perioperative nurses improve their psychological well‐being, and their experiences and attitudes towards organ procurement and donation. The meaningfulness of these findings for practice policy and research is described.

Relevance to clinical practice

Perioperative nurses play a vital role in the organ procurement procedure and require ongoing support to ensure their psychological welfare, in particular, newly qualified or inexperienced nurses’ participating in organ procurement.
Advanced Nursing Process quality: Comparing the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP) with the NANDA‐International (NANDA‐I) and Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC)
Authors: Rabelo‐Silva Eneida Rejane , Dantas Cavalcanti Ana Carla , Ramos Goulart Caldas Maria Cristina , Lucena Amália de Fátima , Almeida Miriam de Abreu , Linch Graciele Fernanda da Costa , da Silva Marcos Barragan , Müller‐Staub Maria
Published: May 2016

Aims and objectives

To assess the quality of the advanced nursing process in nursing documentation in two hospitals.

Background

Various standardised terminologies are employed by nurses worldwide, whether for teaching, research or patient care. These systems can improve the quality of nursing records, enable care continuity, consistency in written communication and enhance safety for patients and providers alike.

Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Methods

A total of 138 records from two facilities (69 records from each facility) were analysed, one using the NANDA‐International and Nursing Interventions Classification terminology (Centre 1) and one the International Classification for Nursing Practice (Centre 2), by means of the Quality of Diagnoses, Interventions, and Outcomes instrument. Quality of Diagnoses, Interventions, and Outcomes scores range from 0–58 points. Nursing records were dated 2012–2013 for Centre 1 and 2010–2011 for Centre 2.

Results

Centre 1 had a Quality of Diagnoses, Interventions, and Outcomes score of 35·46 (±6·45), whereas Centre 2 had a Quality of Diagnoses, Interventions, and Outcomes score of 31·72 (±4·62) (p < 0·001). Centre 2 had higher scores in the ‘Nursing Diagnoses as Process’ dimension, whereas in the ‘Nursing Diagnoses as Product’, ‘Nursing Interventions’ and ‘Nursing Outcomes’ dimensions, Centre 1 exhibited superior performance; acceptable reliability values were obtained for both centres, except for the ‘Nursing Interventions’ domain in Centre 1 and the ‘Nursing Diagnoses as Process’ and ‘Nursing Diagnoses as Product’ domains in Centre 2.

Conclusion

The quality of nursing documentation was superior at Centre 1, although both facilities demonstrated moderate scores considering the maximum potential score of 58 points. Reliability analyses showed satisfactory results for both standardised terminologies.

Relevance to clinical practice

Nursing leaders should use a validated instrument to investigate the quality of nursing records after implementation of standardised terminologies.
Coping styles used by sexual minority men who experience intimate partner violence
Authors: Goldberg‐Looney Lisa D , Perrin Paul B , Snipes Daniel J , Calton Jenna M
Published: May 2016

Aims and objectives

This study examined the coping styles used by sexual minority men who have experienced intimate partner violence, including sexual, emotional and physical victimisation, as well as physical injury.

Background

Although sexual minority men experience intimate partner violence at least as often as do heterosexuals, there is currently limited knowledge of intimate partner violence in this community or resources for sexual minority men who experience intimate partner violence.

Design

Cross‐sectional design.

Method

Sexual minority men (N = 89) were recruited as part of a national online survey and completed questionnaires assessing lifetime experiences of intimate partner violence as well as various coping strategies. In terms of intimate partner violence, 34·8% of participants reported having been targets of sexual abuse, 38·2% targets of physical abuse, 69·7% targets of psychological abuse and 28·1% had experienced an injury as a result of intimate partner violence during their lifetime.

Results

Canonical correlation analyses found that intimate partner violence victimisation explained 32·5% of the variance in adaptive and 31·4% of the variance in maladaptive coping behaviours. In the adaptive coping canonical correlation, standardised loadings suggested that sexual minority men who experienced intimate partner violence resulting in injury were more likely to use religious coping, but less likely to use planning coping. In the maladaptive coping canonical correlation, sexual minority men who had been targets of intimate partner sexual victimisation and intimate partner violence resulting in injury tended to engage in increased behavioural disengagement coping.

Conclusion

This study revealed several coping behaviours that are more or less likely as the severity of different forms of intimate partner violence increases.

Relevance to clinical practice

The identification of these coping styles could be applied to the development and modification of evidence‐based interventions to foster effective and discourage ineffective coping styles, thereby improving outcomes for sexual minority men who experience intimate partner violence.
Consistency Matters! How and When Does Corporate Social Responsibility Affect Employees’ Organizational Identification?
Authors: De Roeck Kenneth , El Akremi Assâad , Swaen Valérie
Published: May 2016

Despite the increasing attention to corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the management literature, little is known about the mechanisms and boundary conditions explaining employees’ responses to CSR. Drawing on social identity and cue consistency theory, we develop a mediated moderation model that explains how and under which conditions perceived CSR affects employees’ organizational identification. We test the model by carrying out a three‐wave longitudinal study on employees of an international utility company. The findings indicate that perceived CSR interacts with overall justice to predict organizational identification through the successive mediation of perceived external prestige and organizational pride. The study clarifies and advances some of the theoretical foundations surrounding the micro‐level approach of CSR and has key implications for management research and practice.
Headaches and myofascial temporomandibular disorders: overlapping entities, separate managements?
Authors: Conti P. C. R. , Costa Y. M. , Gonçalves D. A. , Svensson P.
Published: May 2016

There are relevant clinical overlaps between some of the painful temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and headache conditions that may hamper the diagnostic process and treatment. A non‐systematic search for studies on the relationship between TMD and headaches was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase. Important pain mechanisms contributing to the close association and complex relationship between TMD and headache disorders are as follows: processes of peripheral and central sensitisation which take place in similar anatomical areas, the possible impairment of the descending modulatory pain pathways and the processes of referred pain. In addition, the clinical examination does not always provide distinguishing information to differentiate between headaches and TMD. So, considering the pathophysiology and the clinical presentation of some types of headache and myofascial TMD, such overlap can be considered not only a matter of comorbid relationship, but rather a question of disorders where the distinction lines are sometimes hard to identify. These concerns are certainly reflected in the current classification systems of both TMD and headache where the clinical consequences of diagnosis such as headache attributed to or associated with TMD are uncertain. There are several similarities in terms of therapeutic strategies used to manage myofascial TMD and headaches. Considering all these possible levels of interaction, we reinforce the recommendation for multidisciplinary approaches, by a team of oro‐facial pain specialists and a neurologist (headache specialist), to attain the most precise differential diagnosis and initiate the best and most efficient treatment.
Differences of brain electrical activity between moderate and severe obstructive sleep apneic patients: a LORETA study
Authors: Toth Marton , Kondakor Istvan , Faludi Bela
Published: May 2016

The effects of initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy on electroencephalographic (EEG) background activity were investigated in patients exhibiting both moderate (n = 13) and severe (n = 12) obstructive sleep apnea syndromes in the testing of the potential differences of alterations of brain electrical activity caused by chronic hypoxia between these two groups. A normal control group (n = 14) was also examined. Two EEG examinations were achieved in each group: before and after first‐time CPAP therapy. Low‐resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) was implemented towards localizing the generators of EEG activity in separate frequency bands. Prior to CPAP treatment, as a common direction of change, analysis with LORETA demonstrated increased activity in comparison with the patient and control groups. In the moderate group, significant changes were detected in the alpha2 band in the posterior cingulate cortex as well as in the beta1 band in the right posterior parietal cortex and the left supramarginal gyrus. In the severe group, significant changes were found in theta and alpha1 bands in the posterior cingulate cortex. Following CPAP treatment, these significant differences vanished in the severe group. In the moderate group, significantly decreased activity was seen in the beta3 band in the right fusiform gyrus. These findings potentially suggest a normalizing effect of CPAP therapy on EEG background activity in both groups of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients. Compensatory alterations of brain electrical activity in regions associated with influencing successful memory retrieval, emotional perception, default mode network, anorexia and fear network caused by chronic intermittent hypoxia could possibly be reversed with the use of CPAP therapy.
The cardiopulmonary effects and quality of anesthesia after induction with alfaxalone in 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin in dogs and cats: a systematic review
Authors: Chiu K. W. , Robson S. , Devi J. L. , Woodward A. , Whittem T.
Published: May 2016

To systematically review the quality of evidence comparing the cardiopulmonary effects and quality of anesthesia after induction with alfaxalone vs. other anesthetic agents in dogs and cats. Studies published from 2001 until 20th May 2013 were identified with the terms ‘alfaxan’ OR ‘alfaxalone’ OR ‘alphaxalone’ in electronic databases: Discovery, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Interscience. The study design and risk of bias of all included studies were assessed. Twenty‐two studies from 408 (22 of 408, 5.39%) satisfied the inclusion criteria. Fourteen studies (14 of 22, 64%) focused on dogs and nine (9 of 22, 40%) on cats. One study had both dogs and cats as subjects. (Hunt et al., 2013) Twelve studies were rated an LOE1, and six of these as ROB1. One, seven, and two studies were rated as LOE2, LOE3, and LOE5, respectively. In dogs, strong evidence shows that induction quality with either alfaxalone‐HPCD or propofol is smooth. Moderate evidence supports this finding in cats. In dogs, moderate evidence shows that there is no significant change in heart rate after induction with either alfaxalone‐HPCD or propofol. In cats, moderate evidence shows no significant difference in postinduction respiratory rate and heart rate between alfaxalone‐HPCD and propofol induction. Strong evidence shows dogs and cats have smooth recoveries after induction using either alfaxalone‐HPCD or propofol, before reaching sternal recumbency.