bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quadric Hypersurfaces Containing a Projectively Normal Curve
Authors: Ballico Edoardo , Keem Changho
Published: February 2021

Let 𝐶 ⊂ 𝐏𝑛 be a smooth projectively normal curve. Let 𝑍 be the scheme-theoretic base locus of 𝐻0(𝐏𝑛, 𝐼𝐶(2)) and 𝑍′ the connected component of 𝑍 containing 𝐶. Here we show that 𝑍′ = 𝐶 in certain cases (e.g., non-special line bundles with degree near to 2𝑝𝑎
(𝐶)–2 or certain special line bundles on general 𝑘-gonal curves).
Functional Differential Inequalities with Unbounded Delay
Authors: Kamont Zdzisław , Nadolski Adam
Published: February 2021

We prove that a function of several variables satisfying a functional differential inequality with unbounded delay can be estimated by a solution of a suitable initial problem for an ordinary functional differential equation. As a consequence of the comparison theorem we obtain a Perron-type uniqueness result and a result on continuous dependence of solutions on given functions for partial functional differential equations with unbounded delay. We consider classical solutions on the Haar pyramid.
Semi-Slant Submanifolds of a Locally Product Manifold
Authors: Li Hongxia , Liu Ximin
Published: February 2021

In the present paper, we define and study the slant, bi-slant and semi-slant submanifolds of a locally product manifold. We give some characterization theorems for slant submanifolds and semi-slant submanifolds. Moreover, we obtain integrability conditions for the distributions which are involved in the definition of semi-slant submanifolds. We also get some results about mixed totally geodesic submanifolds.
Arcwise Connected Continua and Whitney Maps
Authors: Lončar Ivan
Published: February 2021

Let 𝑋 be a non-metric continuum, and 𝐶(𝑋) be the hyperspace of subcontinua of 𝑋. It is known that there is no Whitney map on the hyperspace 2𝑋 for non-metric Hausdorff compact spaces 𝑋. On the other hand, there exist non-metric continua which admit and ones which do not admit a Whitney map for 𝐶(𝑋). In particular, a locally connected or a rimmetrizable continuum 𝑋 admits a Whitney map for 𝐶(𝑋) if and only if it is metrizable. In this paper we investigate the properties of continua 𝑋 which admit a Whitney map for 𝐶(𝑋) or for 𝐶2(𝑋).
On the Fourier Multipliers of the Space 𝐿𝑝
Authors: Moussai Madani
Published: February 2021

We prove that the function 𝑚(ξ) = ψ (ξ) 𝑒𝑖ϕ(ξ) is not the Fourier multiplier of the space 𝐿𝑝, where the real phase ϕ has the property ϕ″ ≥ 𝑐 > 0, the amplitude ψ vanishes near the origin, ψ (ξ) = 𝑂(|ξ|–2) as ξ → ∞, and ψ′ ∈ 𝐿1.
Some Remarks Concerning Jones Eigenfrequencies and Jones Modes
Authors: Natroshvili David , Sadunishvili Guram , Sigua Irine
Published: February 2021

Three-dimensional fluid-solid interaction problems with regard for thermal stresses are considered. An elastic structure is assumed to be a bounded homogeneous isotropic body occupying a domain , where the thermoelastic four dimensional field is defined, while in the unbounded exterior domain there is defined the scalar (acoustic pressure) field. These two fields satisfy the differential equations of steady state oscillations in the corresponding domains along with the transmission conditions of special type on the interface ∂Ω±. We show that uniqueness of solutions strongly depends on the geometry of the boundary ∂Ω±. In particular, we prove that for the corresponding homogeneous transmission problem for a ball there exist infinitely many exceptional values of the oscillation parameter (Jones eigenfrequencies). The corresponding eigenvectors (Jones modes) are written explicitly. On the other hand, we show that if the boundary surface ∂Ω± contains two flat, non-parallel sub-manifolds then there are no Jones eigenfrequencies for such domains.
Problems of Statics of Two-Component Elastic Mixtures
Authors: Giorgashvili Levan , Skhvitaridze Ketevan
Published: February 2021

A general representation of solutions by six harmonic functions is obtained for a system of homogeneous equations of statics of two-component mixtures. The problems are investigated when the normal components of partial displacement vectors and the tangent components of partial rotation vectors are given on the boundary. Uniqueness theorems are proved. Solutions are obtained in terms of absolutely and uniformly convergent series.
Nonexistence of Weak Solutions for the 𝑝-Degenerate Subelliptic Inequalities Constructed by Generalized Baouendi–Grushin Vector Fields
Authors: Niu Pengcheng , Dou Jingbo , Zhang Huiqing
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this work is to study the nonexistence of weak solutions for 𝑝-degenerate subelliptic inequalities formed by the generalized Baouendi–Grushin vector fields. Also, we give the 𝑝-volume and 𝑝-area of the ball induced by the these vector fields.
Generalized De Leeuw Theorem
Authors: Gupta Sanjiv Kumar
Published: February 2021

A new restriction for the multipliers of 𝐿𝑝(𝐑) to 𝐿𝑝(𝐓) has been introduced. Our results generalize the famous De Leeuw's theorem on the transference of Fourier multipliers between 𝐑 and 𝐓.
Existence Results for First and Second Order Nonconvex Sweeping Processes with Perturbations and with Delay: Fixed Point Approach
Authors: Bounkhel Messaoud
Published: February 2021

We are interested in existence results for nonconvex functional differential inclusions. First, we prove an existence result, in separable Hilbert spaces, for first order nonconvex sweeping processes with perturbation and with delay. Then, by using this result and a fixed point theorem we prove an existence result for second order nonconvex sweeping processes with perturbation and with delay of the form 𝑢˙ (𝑡) ∈ 𝐶(𝑢(𝑡)), 𝑢¨(𝑡) ∈ –𝑁𝑃(𝐶(𝑢(𝑡)); 𝑢˙(𝑡)) + 𝐹(𝑡, 𝑢˙𝑡) when 𝐶 is a nonconvex bounded Lipschitz set-valued mapping and 𝐹 is a set-valued mapping with convex compact values taking their values in finite dimensional spaces.
Weyl's Theorem for Algebraically (𝑝, 𝑘)-Quasihyponormal Operators
Authors: Mecheri Salah
Published: February 2021

Let 𝐴 be a bounded linear operator acting on a Hilbert space 𝐻. The 𝐵-Weyl spectrum of 𝐴 is the set σ
𝐵𝑤(𝐴) of all ⋋ ∈ ℂ such that 𝐴 – ⋋𝐼 is not a 𝐵-Fredholm operator of index 0. Let 𝐸(𝐴) be the set of all isolated eigenvalues of 𝐴. Recently, in [Berkani and Arroud, J. Aust. Math. Soc. 76: 291–302, 2004] the author showed that if 𝐴 is hyponormal, then 𝐴 satisfies the generalized Weyl's theorem σ
𝐵𝑤(𝐴) = σ(𝐴) \ 𝐸(𝐴), and the 𝐵-Weyl spectrum σ
𝐵𝑤(𝐴) of 𝐴 satisfies the spectral mapping theorem. Lee [Han, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 128: 2291–2296, 2000] showed that Weyl's theorem holds for algebraically hyponormal operators. In this paper the above results are generalized to an algebraically (𝑝, 𝑘)-quasihyponormal operator which includes an algebraically hyponormal operator.
Approximating Common Fixed Points of Nonexpansive Mappings in Banach Spaces
Authors: Shahzad Naseer , Al-Dubiban Reem
Published: February 2021

Let 𝐾 be a nonempty closed convex subset of a real uniformly convex Banach space 𝐸 and 𝑆, 𝑇 : 𝐾 → 𝐾 two nonexpansive mappings such that 𝐹(𝑆) ∩ 𝐹(𝑇) := {𝑥 ∈ 𝐾 : 𝑆𝑥 = 𝑇𝑥 = 𝑥} ≠ ø. Suppose {𝑥𝑛} is generated iteratively by

𝑥1 ∈ 𝐾, 𝑥𝑛+1 = (1 – α
𝑛)𝑥𝑛 + α
𝑛𝑆[(1 – β
𝑛)𝑥𝑛 + β
𝑛𝑇𝑥𝑛],

𝑛 ≥ 1, where {α
𝑛}, {β
𝑛} are real sequences in [0, 1]. In this paper, we discuss the weak and strong convergence of {𝑥𝑛} to some 𝑥* ∈ 𝐹(𝑆) ∩ 𝐹(𝑇).
On the Basis of the Space of Cusp Forms of the Level 12
Authors: Kachakhidze Nikoloz
Published: February 2021

The basis of the space of cusp forms is constructed for any integer 𝑘 and character mod 12.
Coprimeness among Element Orders of Finite Groups
Authors: You Xingzhong
Published: February 2021

In this paper we classify the finite groups satisfying the following property 𝑃3: every three distinct orders of elements are setwise relatively prime.
An Initial-Boundary Value Problem for a Viscous Compressible Flow
Authors: Hebeker Friedrich-Karl , Hsiao George C.
Published: February 2021

A constructive approach is presented to treat an initial boundary value problem for isothermal Navier–Stokes equations. It is based on a characteristics (Lagrangean) approximation locally in time and a boundary integral equation method via nonstationary potentials. As a basic problem, the latter leads to a Volterra integral equation of first kind which is proved to be uniquely solvable and even coercive in some anisotropic Sobolev spaces. The solution depends continuously upon the data and can be constructed by a quasioptimal Galerkin procedure.
Oscillation Criteria for Fourth Order Nonlinear Difference Equations
Authors: Agarwal Ravi P. , Grace Said R. , Akin-Bohner Elvan
Published: February 2021

Some new criteria for the oscillation of the fourth order difference equation

Δ2 (𝑎(𝑛)(Δ2𝑥(𝑛))
α
) + 𝑞(𝑛)𝑓(𝑥(𝑛 + 1)) = 0,

where α is the ratio of two positive odd integers are established.
On Existence of Nonoscillatory Solutions to Quasilinear Differential Equations
Authors: Astashova Irina V.
Published: February 2021

Sufficient conditions are established for the existence of nonoscillatory solutions to a quasilinear ordinary differential equation of higher order. For the equation with a positive potential, a criterion is established for the existence of nonoscillatory solutions with nonzero limit at infinity. In the case of even order, a criterion is obtained for all solutions at infinity to be oscillatory.
A Dirichlet Problem for the Inhomogeneous Polyharmonic Equation in the Upper Half Plane
Authors: Begehr Heinrich , Gaertner Evgenija
Published: February 2021

On the basis of a higher order integral representation formula related to the polyharmonic differential operator and obtained through a certain polyharmonic Green function, a Dirichlet problem is explicitly solved in the upper half plane.
On a Periodic Boundary Value Problem for Fourth Order Linear Functional Differential Equations
Authors: Mukhigulashvili Sulkhan
Published: February 2021

The unimprovable sufficient conditions are established for the unique solvability of the periodic problem

where ℓ𝑖 : 𝐶([0, 𝑤]) → 𝐿([0, 𝑤]) are linear bounded operators, 𝑞 ∈ 𝐿([0, 𝑤]) and 𝑐𝑗 ∈ 𝑅
On the Stability in Bonnet's Theorem of the Surface Theory
Authors: Reshetnyak Yuri G.
Published: February 2021

In the space , 𝑛-dimensional surfaces are considered having the parametrizations which are functions of the Sobolev class with 𝑝 > 𝑛. The first and the second fundamental tensor are defined. The Peterson–Codazzi equations for such functions are understood in some generalized sense. It is proved that if the first and the second fundamental tensor of one surface are close to the first and, respectively, to the second fundamental tensor of the other surface, then these surfaces will be close up to the motion of the space . A difference between the fundamental tensors and the nearness of the surfaces are measured with the help of suitable 𝑊-norms. The proofs are based on a generalization of Frobenius' theorem about completely integrable systems of the differential equations which was proved by Yu. E. Borovskiĭ. The integral representations of functions by differential operators with complete integrability condition are used, which were elaborated by the author in his other works.
On Some Properties of Solutions of Polyharmonic Equation in Polyhedral Angles
Authors: Tavkhelidze Ilia
Published: February 2021

For a higher order differential equation with the polyharmonic operator, the Dirichlet and Riquier boundary value problems are studied in some polyhedral angles. Uniqueness theorems for solutions with a bounded “energy integral” of the corresponding BVPs are proved. Recurrent formulas are constructed for representation of fundamental solutions and Green's functions. The asymptotic behavior of solutions at infinity is studied.
On Lower and Semi-Lower Density Operators
Authors: Hejduk Jacek , Loranty Anna
Published: February 2021

This paper contains some results connected with topologies generated by lower and semi-lower density operators. We show that in some measurable spaces (𝑋, 𝑆, 𝐽) there exists a semi-lower density operator which does not generate a topology. We investigate some properties of nowhere dense sets, meager sets and σ-algebras of sets having the Baire property, associated with the topology generated by a semi-lower density operator.
Oscillation Theorems for Differential Equations Involving Even Order Nonlinear Sturm–Liouville Operator
Authors: Tanigawa Tomoyuki
Published: February 2021

We are concerned with the oscillatory and nonoscillatory behavior of solutions of differential equations involving an even order nonlinear Sturm–Liouville operator of the form

where α and β are distinct positive constants. We first give the criteria for the existence of nonoscillatory solutions with specific asymptotic behavior on infinite intervals, and then derive necessary and sufficient conditions for all solutions of (∗) to be oscillatory by eliminating all nonoscillatory solutions of (∗).
On the Uniqueness of Meromorphic Functions That Share Two Sets
Authors: Banerjee Abhijit
Published: February 2021

Using the notion of weighted and truncated sharings of sets we deal with the problem of uniqueness of meromorphic functions sharing two sets and obtain five theorems which not only improve a recent result of Yi and Lü [Acta Math. Sci. Ser. B Engl. Ed. 24: 83–90, 2004], but also improve and supplement the results of Lin and Yi [Kyungpook Math. J. 43: 73–85, 2003], Yi [Acta Math. Sinica (Chin. Ser.) 45: 75–82, 2002].
Compact Commutators on Morrey Spaces with Non-Doubling Measures
Authors: Sawano Yoshihiro , Shirai Satoru
Published: February 2021

We study multi-commutators on the Morrey spaces generated by BMO functions and singular integral operators or by BMO functions and fractional integral operators. We place ourselves in the setting of coming with a Radon measure μ which satisfies a certain growth condition. The Morrey-boundedness of commutators is established by M. Yan and D. Yang. However, the corresponding assertion of Morrey-compactness is still missing. The aim of this paper is to prove that the multi-commutators are compact if one of the BMO functions can be approximated with compactly supported smooth functions.
The Existence of Solutions for Nonlinear Operator Equations
Authors: Galewski Marek
Published: February 2021

We provide the existence results for a nonlinear operator equation

Λ*Φ′ (Λ𝑥) = 𝐹′(𝑥),

in case 𝐹 – Φ is not necessarily convex. We introduce the dual variational method which is based on finding global minima of primal and dual action functionals on certain nonlinear subsets of their domains and on investigating relations between the minima obtained. The solution is a limit of a minimizng sequence whose existence and convergence are proved. The application for the non-convex Dirichlet problem with P.D.E. is given.
Coincidence and Fixed Points of Contractive Type Multivalued Maps
Authors: Kamran Tayyab
Published: February 2021

Some fixed and coincidence point theorems are obtained in the setting of single and multivalued mappings, whose images are not necessarily bounded. Our results generalize some recent results by Daffer and Kaneko [Sci. Math. 1: 125–131, 1998] and others.
Integral Representations and Continuous Projectors in Some Spaces of Analytic and Pluriharmonic Functions
Authors: Oniani Gigla , Tsibadze Lamara
Published: February 2021

We consider analytic and pluriharmonic functions belonging to the classes 𝐵𝑝(Ω) and 𝑏𝑝(Ω) and defined in the ball . The theorems established in the paper make it possible to obtain some integral representations of functions of the above-mentioned classes. The existence of bounded projectors from the space 𝐿(ρ, Ω) into the space 𝐵𝑝(Ω) and from the space 𝐿(ρ, Ω) into the space 𝑏𝑝(Ω) is proved. Also, consideration is given to the existence of boundary values of fractional integrals of functions of the spaces 𝐵𝑝(Ω) and 𝑏𝑝(Ω).
Completions of Non-Symmetric Metric Spaces Via Enriched Categories
Authors: Schmitt Vincent
Published: February 2021

It is known from [Lawvere, Repr. Theory Appl. Categ. 1: 1–37 2002] that nonsymmetric metric spaces correspond to enrichments over the monoidal closed category [0, ∞]. We use enriched category theory and in particular a generic notion of flatness to describe various completions for these spaces. We characterise the weights of colimits commuting in the base category [0, ∞] with the conical terminal object and cotensors. Those can be interpreted in metric terms as very general filters, which we call filters of type 1. This correspondence extends the one between minimal Cauchy filters and weights which are adjoint as modules. Translating elements of enriched category theory into the metric context, one obtains a notion of convergence for filters of type 1 with a related completeness notion for spaces, for which there exists a universal completion. Another smaller class of flat presheaves is also considered both in the context of both metric spaces and preorders. (The latter being enrichments over the monoidal closed category 2.) The corresponding completion for preorders is the so-called dcpo completion.
Some Equivariant Constructions in Noncommutative Algebraic Geometry
Authors: Škoda Zoran
Published: February 2021

We here present rudiments of an approach to geometric actions in noncommutative algebraic geometry, based on geometrically admissible actions of monoidal categories. This generalizes the usual (co)module algebras over Hopf algebras which provide affine examples. We introduce a compatibility of monoidal actions and localizations which is a distributive law. There are satisfactory notions of equivariant objects, noncommutative fiber bundles and quotients in this setup.
Isomorphism Characterization of Divisible Groups in Modular Abelian Group Rings
Authors: Danchev Peter
Published: February 2021

Suppose G is an abelian group with a p-subgroup H and R is a commutative unitary ring of prime characteristic p with trivial nil-radical. We give a complete description up to isomorphism of the maximal divisible subgroups of 1 + I(RG;H) and (1 + I(RG;H))=H, respectively, where I(RG;H) denotes the relative augmentation ideal of the group algebra RG with respect to H.

This paper terminates a series of works by the author on the topic, first of which are [Danchev, Rad. Mat. 13: 23–32, 2004] and [Danchev, Bull. Georgian Acad. Sci. 174: 238–242, 2006].
A Note on the Boundedness of the Hilbert Transform in Weighted Grand Lebesgue Spaces
Authors: Kokilashvili Vakhtang , Meskhi Alexander
Published: February 2021

It is proved that the Hilbert transform defined on a finite interval is bounded in the grand Lebesgue space if and only if 𝑤 satisfies the Muckenhoupt condition 𝐴𝑝.
On the Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for the Stability of Linear Generalized Ordinary Differential, Linear Impulsive and Linear Difference Systems
Authors: Akhalaia Shota , Ashordia Malkhaz , Kekelia Nestan
Published: February 2021

Necessary and sufficient conditions are established for the stability in the Lyapunov sense of solutions of a linear system of generalized ordinary differential equations

𝑑𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑑𝐴(𝑡) · 𝑥(𝑡) + 𝑑𝑓(𝑡),

where and are, respectively, matrix- and vector-functions with bounded total variation components on every closed interval from . The results are realized for the linear systems of impulsive, ordinary differential and difference equations.
The Jawerth–Franke Embedding of Spaces with Dominating Mixed Smoothness
Authors: Hansen Markus , Vybíral Jan
Published: February 2021

We give a proof of the Jawerth embedding for function spaces with dominating mixed smoothness of Besov and Triebel–Lizorkin type

where

0 < 𝑝0 < 𝑝1 ≤ ∞ and 0 < 𝑞0,𝑞1 ≤ ∞

and

with

If 𝑝1 < ∞, we prove also the Franke embedding

Our main tools are discretization by a wavelet isomorphism and multivariate rearrangements.
Nonequivalence of Unilateral Strong Differentiation Bases in
Authors: Zerekidze Tamaz
Published: February 2021

It turns out that, as different from a strong symmetrical differentiation basis J∗, unilateral strong differentiation bases in are not equivalent to a complete strong differentiation basis throughout the space of locally integrable functions.
Approximation by Bézier variant of the Szász–Kantorovich operators in case α < 1
Authors: Gupta Vijay , Zeng Xiao-Ming
Published: February 2021

The present paper deals with the Bézier variant of the Szász–Kantorovich operator. Its approximation properties are studied. A convergence theorem of this type approximation operators for locally bounded functions is established, which subsumes the approximation of functions of bounded variation as a special case.
Approximation by Nörlund means of Walsh–Kaczmarz–Fourier series
Authors: Nagy Károly
Published: February 2021

In this paper we study the rate of the approximation by Nörlund means of Walsh–Kaczmarz–Fourier series of a function in Lp
(1 ≤ p ≤ ∞). As a special case, we obtain the result due to Skvortsov [Anal. Math. 7: 141–150, 1981]. Earlier results on the Walsh–Nörlund means were given by Móricz and Siddiqi [J. Approx. Theory 70: 375–389, 1992].
Fixed point theorems for singlevalued and multivalued generalized contractions in metric spaces endowed with a graph
Authors: Nicolae Adriana , O'Regan Donal , Petruşel Adrian
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this paper is to present some fixed point results for self-generalized (singlevalued and multivalued) contractions in ordered metric spaces and in metric spaces endowed with a graph. Our theorems generalize and extend some recent results in the literature.
BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH DOWNY MILDEW (Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. and de Toni) INFECTION IN SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) / MODIFICACIONES BIOQUIMICAS E HISTOLOGICAS RELACIONADAS CON LA INFECCION DEL GIRASOL (Helianthus annuus L.) POR EL AGENTE DE MILDIU (Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. y de Toni) / CHANGEMENTS BIOCHIMIQUES ET HISTOLOGIQUES ASSOCIÉS À L’INFECTION DU TOURNESOL (Helianthus annuus L.) PAR LE MILDIOU (Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. et de Toni)
Authors: Kumar B.R. Prashanth , Kulkarni Mahesh J. , Rao B.N. Veena , Chandrika K. , Gowda V.R. Balakrishna , Prasad D. Theertha
Published: February 2021

Biochemical changes associated with downy mildew infection in sunflower revealed an increase in the total soluble proteins, 0-40% ammonium sulfate fractionated proteins and total soluble sugars. Molecular sieve chromatography of 0-40% ammonium sulphate fraction revealed for presence of a high molecular weight protein and polysaccharide in the downy mildew infected sunflower leaves. Antibodies raised against the high molecular weight protein and polysaccharide were used in the western blot/dot blot analysis. It has been shown that the downy mildew disease also induces PR proteins, which have antigenic homology with PR-S protein, a member of the PR-5 class of proteins. An increase in iPA (isopentenyl adenosine) content in the infected sample was observed. A positive correlation exists between iPA level, 0-40% protein and total sugar content. Histological studies revealed that the downy mildew fungal mycelium extensively proliferates, ramifies extensively the leaf tissue and forms a nutritional link with the host cell by producing the intracellular haustorium.
TEMPERATURE - GERMINATION RESPONSES OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) GENOTYPES / GERMINACION COMO REACCION A LA TEMPERATURA EN LOS GENOTIPOS DEL GIRASOL (Helianthus annuus L.) / GERMINATION - RÉACTION À LA TEMPÉRATURE DANS LES GÉNOTYPES DE TOURNESOL (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Khalifa F.M. , Schneiter A.A. , El Tayeb E.I.
Published: February 2021

Seed germination of six sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids was investigated across a range of eleven constant temperatures between 5°C and 45°C. Large temperature differences in germination rate 1/t (d-1), cardinal temperature (°C) and thermal time θ (°cd) were observed among hybrids. Base temperatures (Tb) varied between 3.3°C and 6.7°C whereas maximum germination temperatures (Tm) varied between 41.7°C and 48.9°C. Final germination fraction was attained at 15°C - 25°C whereas the maximum rate of germination was attained at 30.4°C - 35.6°C. The maximum germination rate of hybrid USDA 894, the cultivar with the slowest germination rate, was only 50% of that of hybrid EX 47. The low Tb and high Tm of sunflower appear to be one of the factors which explain the successful adaptation of sunflower to a wide range of temperature. These findings are discussed in relation to the origin of the crop and its wide adaptations in diverse habitats and climatic zones.
Commandeering the Institutions: The Legitimacy of Structural Judicial Remedies in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Lozano Guillermo Otálora
Published: February 2021

In some countries, courts protect constitutional rights by ordering broad institutional reforms and overseeing those reforms. These broad orders are known as structural remedies, and they are currently part of the judicial practice of the United States, India, and Colombia. Structural remedies pose a problem of democratic legitimacy in that courts substitute for legislatures or administrators. This paper argues that structural remedies are democratically legitimate as long as they are used as a last resort and are aimed at addressing a specific institutional pathology within the legislature or the bureaucracy. Drawing from the experience of the United States, India, and Colombia, the paper distinguishes counter-legislative from counter-bureaucratic remedies in order to show that the democratic concerns raised may vary depending on the affected institution. The paper argues that structural remedies are legitimate if they are capable of correcting a pathology in the legislative or administrative process. With respect to legislatures, structural remedies should aim at improving the representative or the deliberative quality of legislative decisions. In the case of bureaucracies, they should aim at improving the subordination of agencies to the political process, their responsiveness to citizens’ concerns, and the expertise with which their tasks are carried out.
Usage of textile dyes BB41 and BR46 for microscopic examination of filamentous bacteria in activated sludge reactor: a new staining method
Authors: Keskinkan Olcayto , Ersu Cagatayhan Bekir
Published: February 2021

The existence of certain filamentous organisms may indicate one or more operation and control problems in activated sludge reactors. Microscopic evaluation of these filamentous organisms needs staining methods that can be achieved after some steps. This study is the first to show that textile dyes such as Astrazon Blue FGGL (BB41) and Astrazon Red FBL (BR46) can be used to identify filamentous organisms. Both dyes were used as a new, effective, and easy method for detecting the presence of filamentous bacteria. When contacted with BB41 and BR46, the filamentous bacteria and their characteristics were easily observed under the microscope. According to sources, textile dyes used in this study have not been used to diagnose filamentous bacteria before. According to the findings of this study, important morphological properties of filamentous bacteria were easily observed using BB41 and BR46. “Attached growth, branching, septa, and granules of various nutrients” were clearly seen by the stains (BB41 and BR46) with the help of this method. This method may allow the examiners to examine the specimens of filamentous bacteria in the activated sludge reactors. Detailed information has been presented in this paper.
Color Change Kinetics of Tea Leaves During Microwave Drying
Authors: Demirhan Elçin , Özbek Belma
Published: February 2021

In the present study, the effect of microwave power and sample amount on color change kinetics of tea leaves was investigated during microwave drying. Hunter L, a and b system was used for the color change of the materials; and the total color change (ΔE), chroma, hue angle and browning index (BI) were calculated by using these values. The color of the tea leaves was shifted towards the darker region after the microwave drying process. The mathematical modeling study of color change kinetic showed that a, b, chroma and BI fitted to a first-order kinetic model, while L, total color change (ΔE) and hue angle followed a zero-order kinetic model. For calculation of the activation energy for color change kinetic parameters, the exponential expression based on Arrhenius equation was used.
The synergistic effect of 2-mercaptobenzotiazole and zinc nitrate as corrosion inhibitor on carbon steel in saline solution
Authors: Foratirad Hamze , Golabadi Majid , Asgari Masoud , Ghasem Gholami Mohammad , Karimi Meysam
Published: February 2021

In this study, the synergistic effects of 2-mercaptobenzotiazole molecules and zinc nitrate on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel were investigated using electrochemical techniques in 3.5% NaCl solution. The experimental results revealed that combination of 2-mercaptobenzoimidazole (MBT) and zinc nitrate with ratio of 100 ppm : 100 ppm, resulted in the least corrosion current (1.03 lA cm-2) and the highest corrosion inhibition efficiency. Polarization results showed that the inhibition mechanism of inhibitor was mixed-type (anodic and cathodic mechanism) corrosion inhibition which was predominantly influenced by a reduction in dissolution rate of the substrate (decrease in anodic current density). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis yielded more accurate results about the formation mechanism and stability of the inhibitor film over prolonged time. The precipitation of chelate from inhibitor molecules and zinc cations on steel surface was found to be the main mechanism for increasing the corrosion resistance of steel substrate.
Effect of Aging Treatment on Dynamic Behavior of Mg-Gd-Y Alloy
Authors: Wang Lin , Qin Qiao-Yun , Zhang Fan , Tan Cheng-Wen
Published: February 2021

Magnesium alloy is very attractive in many industrial applications due to its low density. The structure-property relationships of the magnesium alloy under quasi-static loading have been extensively investigated. However, the dynamic behavior, particularly the mechanism of high-rate plastic deformation, of the magnesium alloy requires more in-depth investigations. In this paper, the effect of aging treatment on the quasi-static and dynamic properties of a typical rare earth Mg-Gd-Y magnesium alloy is investigated. In particular, the plastic deformation mechanism under dynamic compression loading is discussed. Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) was used to carry out dynamic compression tests with controllable plastic deformation by using stopper rings. The experimental results demonstrate that both static and dynamic properties of the Mg-Gd-Y alloy vary under various aging treatment conditions (under-aged, peak-aged and over-aged conditions), due to two different kinds of second phases: remnant micro size phase from solid solution treatment and nano precipitation from aging treatment. The results of microstructure characterization and statistic analysis of the metallographic phase are presented. The area fraction of the twinned grains increases due to aging treatment and dynamic loading. The main plastic deformation mechanism of the rare earth Mg-Gd-Y magnesium alloy is possibly dislocation slip, rather than twinning for the conventional AZ31 magnesium alloy under high strain rate loading.
Experimental Study on Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Amphibolites, Sericite-quartz Schist and Sandstone under Impact Loadings
Authors: Liu Jun-Zhong , Xu Jin-Yu , Lv Xiao-Cong , Zhao De-Hui , Leng Bing-Lin
Published: February 2021

In order to investigate rock dynamic mechanical properties of amphibolites, sericite-quartz schist and sandstone under the different strain rates varying from 30 s
-1
to 150 s
-1
, the specimens were subjected to axial impact at different projectile speeds by using the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) of 100 mm in diameter. The optimal experimental size of rock samples is verified by analyzing the stress equilibrium of cylindrical rock samples in different thicknesses. It has studied the mechanic properties of these three rocks which under impact loadings; and analysed the dynamic compressive strength, failure modes, energy dissipation variation with the strain-rate and the strain-rate hardening effect from the perspective of material microstructure. Experimental results show that the dynamic Young's modulus of rock samples increase with strain-rate slightly. The dynamic failure modes of different rock samples are always different. When at a lower strain-rate, the damage of sandstone takes a peeling off the external radial tensile failure mode, but that of amphibolites takes axial splitting mode; when at a higher strain-rate, sandstone takes granular crushing failure mode, and that of amphibolites and of sericite-quartz schist take massive crushing mode. Significant strain-rate effect can be represented by a linear relation between the specific energy absorption and the strain-rate

, or between the dynamic strength increase factor η and

.
Practical theology for the privileged: a starting point for pedagogies of conversion
Authors: Walker Anne Carter
Published: February 2021

Privilege is a dehumanizing social reality which is learned via social interaction and internalized as part of identity, contributing to the dynamic of privilege and oppression as practices of entitlement and domination. While privilege often appears as a taken-for-granted norm that cannot be changed, our identities and practices of privilege can be changed. This article offers a vision of border-crossing identity as a potential model for re-crafting identities of privilege, and advocates religious educational practices of conversion as a possible means for facilitating such a change. Utilizing a narrative-based qualitative study of persons who have sought such a transformation, this study seeks to identify a practical theological understanding of conversion as a starting point for crafting pedagogies for transformation for people with privilege.
Practical Theology from the Perspective of Catholic Spirituality: A Hermeneutic of Discernment
Authors: Lavallee Marc Henri
Published: February 2021

This article examines practical theological hermeneutics through the lens of Catholic spirituality. Key to understanding the movement from description to analysis to revised praxis is the ways in which interpretive communities understand the connections between divine reality and human reality. In light of this, the article explores the relationship between epistemology and pneumatology found within Christian tradition by proposing an approach to practical theological hermeneutics rooted in the Ignatian practice of spiritual discernment. By doing so, this article seeks to contribute the potential contours of a distinctive Roman Catholic contribution to practical theology, and in a broader sense, show how the practice of discernment presents studies and methods in practical theology with a way of understanding connections among practical wisdom, habitus, research, and theological interpretation.
A Personal Union: Reformed Christology and the Question of the Communicatio Idiomatum
Authors: Hay Andrew R.
Published: February 2021

Any consideration of the development of Christology in Reformation and post-Reformation thought would ultimately seek to situate itself in the steady stream of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century confessions and dogmatics. This article therefore pursues a reflection on the advent of the particular brand of Reformed Christology and its subsequent codifications by tracing three movements. First, this study shall examine the emergence of the Reformed notion of Christology against the backdrop of the Lutheran–Zwinglian Eucharistic debate. Second, there will be a gesture toward the use of the communicatio idiomatum in the dogmatic work of John Calvin and Zacharias Ursinus. Third, this article will outline the classic seventeenth-century Reformed orthodox doctrine, which builds on the sixteenth-century notion, with the addition of the idea that the person of the union indirectly mediates between the natures. This study therefore concludes with several affirmations of the mature seventeenth-century Reformed notion regarding God as the one who accomplishes creaturely redemption.
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in clinical mircobiological routine diagnostics1)
Authors: Schubert Sören , Wieser Andreas
Published: February 2021

Very recently a novel method for differentiation of bacteria and fungi was developed, that is, identification by means of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). This differentiation relies on the exact measurement of species-specific protein spectra of ribosomal proteins. It is at least as accurate as conventional biochemical differentiation methods, but provides results within minutes. In addition to differentiation of bacteria and yeasts grown on agar plates, direct identification is feasible from positive blood cultures as well as from urine samples of patients suffering from urinary tract infections. Future developments of MALDI-TOF MS for clinical microbiological purposes include the detection of β-lactamase and carbapenemase activity as well as genotyping of bacteria below the species level.
Do diagnostic pathways contribute to the economic improvement of a hospital? Considerations from the perspective of laboratory medicine1)
Authors: Aufenanger Johannes
Published: February 2021

Diagnostic pathways in the field of laboratory medicine could contribute economically to integrate modern “disease management” from the perspective of healthcare policy into a complex development with limited resources. The objective is to bridge the gap between medical and economic demand. Diagnostic pathways could be an innovative way to optimise processes in medicine with the objective of transparency of costs, results and performance, especially if technical prerequisites for web-based communication (i.e., order entry, digitised laboratory analysed findings) are given. The precondition is that laboratory diagnostics must be appreciated as a core procedure of a hospital. Furthermore, diagnostic pathways provide the opportunity to define processes concerning disease severity and rate of resource usage. The pathways support the physician by finding the probable or medically worthwhile primary and secondary diagnosis for coding the DRG (Diagnoses Related Groups). This results in guaranteeing revenues and an increase in the quality of therapy. The very visualisation of medical decisions by diagnostic pathways results in the reduction of ill-conceived activities and consequently in an improvement of health economics.
New serological markers for the differential diagnosis of autoimmune limbic encephalitis1)
Authors: Wandinger Klaus-Peter , Klingbeil Christine , Gneiss Claudia , Waters Patrick , Dalmau Josep , Saschenbrecker Sandra , Borowski Kathrin , Deisenhammer Florian , Vincent Angela , Probst Christian , Stöcker Winfried
Published: February 2021

Recently, several novel autoantibodies have been identified which are closely associated with different subtypes of autoimmune encephalitis. These antibodies are directed against structures located on the neuronal cell surface: glutamate receptors (types NMDA and AMPA), GABAB receptors, as well as the voltage-gated potassium channel-associated proteins LGI1 and CASPR2. They are much more common than the classical paraneoplastic antibodies (anti-Hu, -Yo, -Ri, -Ma, -CV2, -amphiphysin), less frequently associated with a tumor, and the corresponding clinical syndromes respond significantly better to immunotherapy. Monospecific detection of these autoantibodies in the serum or cerebrospinal fluid of patients is primarily performed by indirect immunofluorescence using transfected HEK293 cell lines recombinantly expressing the membrane-associated target antigens. Owing to the symptom overlap of the respective disorders, it is highly appropriate to determine these parameters in parallel for each patient (autoantibody profiles). Early diagnosis (substantially supported by the serological laboratory), the immediate initiation of immunotherapeutic intervention and, in cases of paraneoplastic etiology, tumor resection are crucial for prognosis. In our own investigations, antibodies against glutamate receptors (type NMDA) are most frequently found among the newly identified forms of autoimmune encephalitis, accounting for 42% of cases. In laboratory practice, one-third of positive reactions were caused by an autoantibody whose determination was not requested by the clinician. Considering the urgency for therapeutic measures in positive cases, these findings substantiate the need to implement multiparametric serological test systems in this diagnostic area.
How early can one diagnose Cushing’s disease? An early diagnosis in a case of prepubertal Cushing’s disease
Authors: Hoppmann Julia , Wagner Isabel V. , Junghans Gudrun , Wudy Stefan A. , Buchfelder Michael , Hirsch Franz W. , Ritter Lutz , Kiess Wieland , Pfäffle Roland
Published: February 2021

Background: Cushing’s disease is very rare in children, and the diagnosis is frequently delayed by several years.

Objective: We report a case of prepubertal Cushing’s disease with a medical history of only 9 months. This case illustrates the difficulties involved in diagnosing children at the early stage of the disease.

Case presentation: An 8-year-old prepubertal boy presented with rapid weight gain accompanied by a decreasing growth velocity and hirsutism. Thyroid function tests and growth factor levels were normal, thus excluding hypothyroidism and growth hormone deficiency. Cushing’s syndrome was confirmed by elevated 24-h urinary free cortisol levels, increased diurnal cortisol levels, and a lack of cortisol suppression in the low-dose dexamethasone suppression test. Further tests to investigate the source of the hypercortisolism showed the following results: Basal morning adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was normal. The high-dose dexamethasone suppression test led to a 51% decrease in cortisol level. In the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) test, ACTH and cortisol increased only by 28%. Repeated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) finally revealed a microadenoma in the anterior pituitary, thus establishng the diagnosis of Cushing’s disease. Upon diagnosis, the patient underwent transsphenoidal surgery. Histological analysis confirmed an ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma.

Conclusion: This case illustrates the difficulties associated with the clinical, biochemical, and radiological diagnoses of Cushing’s disease in children. Early diagnosis remains a challenge because test results often do not match standard diagnostic criteria.
Leptin and adiposity as mediators on the association between early puberty and several biomarkers in European adolescents: the HELENA Study
Authors: Rendo-Urteaga Tara , Ferreira de Moraes Augusto César , Torres-Leal Francisco Leonardo , Manios Yannis , Gottand Frederic , Sjöström Michael , Kafatos Anthony , Widhalm Kurt , De Henauw Stefaan , Molnár Dénes , Marcos Ascensión , González-Gross Marcela , Ferrari Marika , Carvalho Heráclito B. , Moreno Luis A.
Published: February 2021

Background

Adolescents having early puberty (EP) are more likely to have obesity and increased cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers and atherosclerosis risk. We aimed to assess the indirect and mediated effects of leptin and adiposity on the relation between EP and cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers in European adolescents.

Methods

A sample of 511 adolescents with EP (12.5–17.5 years) from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) cross-sectional study was studied. To assess whether leptin levels and adiposity mediate the relation between EP and several biomarkers, linear regression models for mediation analyses were performed.

Results

EP was positively associated with the atherogenic index (Ath-I) (β=0.174; 95%CI 0.029–0.265) and negatively associated with the C-reactive protein (CRP) (β=−0.284; 95%CI −0.542 to −0.028) in girls. These associations were fully mediated by leptin levels (9.5%) and adiposity (44%), respectively. Moreover, EP has indirect effects on the apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA-1) levels through adiposity in girls (for body mass index [BMI], β=0.014; 95%CI 0.005–0.028, and for waist circumference [WC], β=0.011; 95%CI 0.003–0.024), and on ApoA-1 (β=0.012; 95%CI 0.004–0.025), apolipoprotein B (ApoB) (β=−0.004; 95%CI −0.011 to −0.0004) and CRP (β=−0.265; 95%CI −0.819 to −0.047) through abdominal fat in boys.

Conclusions

Leptin levels and adiposity seem to play an important indirect and mediation role in the association between EP and cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers in adolescents. Weight control should be recommended in order to control the impaired cardiometabolic and inflammatory status arising in early pubertal adolescents.
Pregnancy-specific transcriptional changes upon endotoxin exposure in mice
Authors: Motomura Kenichiro , Romero Roberto , Tarca Adi L. , Galaz Jose , Bhatti Gaurav , Done Bogdan , Arenas-Hernandez Marcia , Levenson Dustyn , Slutsky Rebecca , Hsu Chaur-Dong , Gomez-Lopez Nardhy
Published: February 2021

Objectives

Pregnant women are more susceptible to certain infections; however, this increased susceptibility is not fully understood. Herein, systems biology approaches were utilized to elucidate how pregnancy modulates tissue-specific host responses to a bacterial product, endotoxin.

Methods

Pregnant and non-pregnant mice were injected with endotoxin or saline on 16.5 dayspost coitum(n=8–11 per group). The uterus, cervix, liver, adrenal gland, kidney, lung, and brain were collected 12 h after injection and transcriptomes were measured using microarrays. Heatmaps and principal component analysis were used for visualization. Differentially expressed genes between groups were assessed using linear models that included interaction terms to determine whether the effect of infection differed with pregnancy status. Pathway analysis was conducted to interpret gene expression changes.

Results

We report herein a multi-organ atlas of the transcript perturbations in pregnant and non-pregnant mice in response to endotoxin. Pregnancy strongly modified the host responses to endotoxin in the uterus, cervix, and liver. In contrast, pregnancy had a milder effect on the host response to endotoxin in the adrenal gland, lung, and kidney. However, pregnancy did not drastically affect the host response to endotoxin in the brain.

Conclusions

Pregnancy imprints organ-specific host immune responses upon endotoxin exposure. These findings provide insight into the host-response against microbes during pregnancy.
In the Name of Jesus. The “IHS”-Panel from Andreas Ritzos and the Christian Kabbalah in Renaissance Crete
Authors: Ritzerfeld Ulrike
Published: February 2021

To this day, the unique iconography of a fifteenth-century painting of culturally mixed character made by the Cretan artist Andreas Ritzos has not been sufficiently explained. So far, the motif of the letters “IHS” encapsulating narrative scenes of the passion has been linked to the widely propagated devotion of St. Bernardine of Siena to the name of Jesus. However, several elements contradict a direct reference to Bernardine propaganda. The concept underlying the panel seems to be a more complex and highly erudite one. The fact that Christian Kabbalists discussed many of its topics suggests that the iconography of the panel was influenced by Kabbalistic ideas, probably due to the intense relations between Crete and Venice in particular and Italy in general as a centre of Christian Kabbalistic lore. In any event, the panel proves to be a result of the thriving climate of intellectual, religious and artistic syncretism in Renaissance Crete.