bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Baltic Sea estuary as a phosphorus source and sink after drastic load reduction: seasonal and long-term mass balances for the Stockholm inner archipelago for 1968–2015
Authors: Walve Jakob , Sandberg Maria , Larsson Ulf , Lännergren Christer
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Internal phosphorus (P) loading from sediments, controlled by hypoxia, is often assumed to hamper the recovery of lakes and coastal areas from eutrophication. In the early 1970s, the external P load to the inner archipelago of Stockholm, Sweden (Baltic Sea), was drastically reduced by improved sewage treatment, but the internal P loading and its controlling factors have been poorly quantified. We use two slightly different four-layer box models to calculate the area's seasonal and annual P balance (input–export) and the internal P exchange with sediments in 1968–2015. For 10–20 years after the main P load reduction, there was a negative P balance, small in comparison to the external load, and probably due to release from legacy sediment P storage. Later, the stabilized, near-neutral P balance indicates no remaining internal loading from legacy P, but P retention is low, despite improved oxygen conditions. Seasonally, sediments are a P sink in spring and a P source in summer and autumn. Most of the deep-water P release from sediments in summer–autumn appears to be derived from the settled spring bloom and is exported to outer areas during winter. Oxygen consumption and P release in the deep water are generally tightly coupled, indicating limited iron control of P release. However, enhanced P release in years of deep-water hypoxia suggests some contribution from redox-sensitive P pools. Increasing deep-water temperatures that stimulate oxygen consumption rates in early summer have counteracted the effect of lowered organic matter sedimentation on oxygen concentrations. Since the P turnover time is short and legacy P small, measures to bind P in Stockholm inner archipelago sediments would primarily accumulate recent P inputs, imported from the Baltic Sea and from Lake Mälaren.
The 226Ra–Ba relationship in the North Atlantic during GEOTRACES-GA01
Authors: Le Roy Emilie , Sanial Virginie , Charette Matthew A. , van Beek Pieter , Lacan François , Jacquet Stéphanie H. M. , Henderson Paul B. , Souhaut Marc , García-Ibáñez Maribel I. , Jeandel Catherine , Pérez Fiz F. , Sarthou Géraldine
Published: May 2018

Abstract. We report detailed sections of radium-226 (226Ra, T1∕2 =  1602 years) activities and barium (Ba) concentrations determined in the North Atlantic (Portugal–Greenland–Canada) in the framework of the international GEOTRACES program (GA01 section – GEOVIDE project, May–July 2014). Dissolved 226Ra and Ba are strongly correlated along the section, a pattern that may reflect their similar chemical behavior. Because 226Ra and Ba have been widely used as tracers of water masses and ocean mixing, we investigated their behavior more thoroughly in this crucial region for thermohaline circulation, taking advantage of the contrasting biogeochemical patterns existing along the GA01 section. We used an optimum multiparameter (OMP) analysis to distinguish the relative importance of physical transport (water mass mixing) from nonconservative processes (sedimentary, river or hydrothermal inputs, uptake by particles and dissolved–particulate dynamics) on the 226Ra and Ba distributions in the North Atlantic. Results show that the measured 226Ra and Ba concentrations can be explained by conservative mixing for 58 and 65 % of the samples, respectively, notably at intermediate depth, away from the ocean interfaces. 226Ra and Ba can thus be considered conservative tracers of water mass transport in the ocean interior on the space scales considered here, namely, on the order of a few thousand kilometers. However, regions in which 226Ra and Ba displayed nonconservative behavior and in some cases decoupled behaviors were also identified, mostly at the ocean boundaries (seafloor, continental margins and surface waters). Elevated 226Ra and Ba concentrations found in deepwater in the West European Basin suggest that lower Northeast Atlantic Deep Water (NEADWl) accumulates 226Ra and Ba from sediment diffusion and/or particle dissolution during transport. In the upper 1500 m of the West European Basin, deficiencies in 226Ra and Ba are likely explained by their incorporation in planktonic calcareous and siliceous shells, or in barite (BaSO4) by substitution or adsorption mechanisms. Finally, because Ba and 226Ra display different source terms (mostly deep-sea sediments for 226Ra and rivers for Ba), strong decoupling between 226Ra and Ba were observed at the land–ocean boundaries. This is especially true in the shallow stations near the coasts of Greenland and Newfoundland where high 226Ra ∕ Ba ratios at depth reflect the diffusion of 226Ra from sediment and low 226Ra ∕ Ba ratios in the upper water column reflect the input of Ba associated with meteoric waters.
Enhanced microbial nitrogen transformations in association with intertidal macrobiota
Authors: Pfister Catherine A. , Altabet Mark A.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Microbial nitrogen processing in direct association with marine animals and seaweeds is poorly understood. Macrobiota supply a substrate for microbes to reside, and a source of excreted nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). We tested the role of a mussel (Mytilus californianus), a red alga (Prionitis sternbergii) and an inert substrate for microbial activity using enclosed chambers and enriched ammonium and nitrate. Chambers with seawater from the same environment served as a control. We found that mussels and Prionitis elevated ammonium oxidation and nitrate reduction two orders of magnitude over that of seawater, while the effect of simply an inert substrate had relatively little effect. Extrapolating to a square meter of shoreline, microbial activity associated with mussels could oxidize 2.5 mmol of ammonium and reduce per 1.2 mmol of nitrate per day. A square meter of seaweed could produce even higher rates, at 135.2 and 320.5 mmol per day for nitrification and nitrate reduction, respectively. Seawater collected from the shore versus 2–5 km offshore showed no difference in ammonium oxidation or nitrate reduction. Microbial nitrogen metabolism associated with mussels did not change whether we measured it at night or during the day. When we experimentally added DOC (glucose) as a carbon source, there was no change to nitrification rates. Added DOC did increase DIN and phosphorus uptake, indicating that elevating the concentration of DOC stimulated heterotrophic microbial activity, and suggests potential competition for DIN between heterotrophic and chemolithotrophic microbes and their seaweed hosts. Our results indicate that microbes in direct association with coastal animals and seaweeds greatly enhance nitrogen processing, and likely provide a template for a diversity of ecological interactions.
Spatial pattern of accumulation at Taylor Dome during the last glacial
inception: stratigraphic constraints from Taylor Glacier
Authors: Menking James A. , Brook Edward J. , Shackleton Sarah A. , Severinghaus Jeffrey P. , Dyonisius Michael , Petrenko Vasilii , McConnell Joseph R. , Rhodes Rachael H. , Bauska Thomas K. , Baggenstos Daniel , Marcott Shaun , Barker Stephen
Published: May 2018

Abstract. A new ice core retrieved from the Taylor Glacier blue ice area contains ice and air spanning the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5/4 transition (74 to 65 ka), a period of global cooling and glacial inception. Dating the ice and air bubbles in the new ice core reveals an ice age-gas age difference (Δage) approaching 10 ka during MIS 4, implying very low accumulation at the Taylor Glacier accumulation zone on the northern flank of Taylor Dome. A revised chronology for the Taylor Dome ice core (80 to 55 ka), situated to the south of the Taylor Glacier accumulation zone, shows that Δage did not exceed 2.5 ka at that location. The difference in Δage between the new Taylor Glacier ice core and the Taylor Dome ice core implies a spatial gradient in snow accumulation across Taylor Dome that intensified during the last glacial inception and through MIS 4.
Anthropogenic and catchment characteristic signatures in the water quality of Swiss rivers: a quantitative assessment
Authors: Botter Martina , Burlando Paolo , Fatichi Simone
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The hydrological and biogeochemical response of rivers carries information about solute sources, pathways, and transformations in the catchment. We investigate long-term water quality data of eleven Swiss catchments with the objective to discern the influence of catchment characteristics and anthropogenic activities on delivery of solutes in stream water. Magnitude, trends and seasonality of water quality samplings of different solutes are evaluated and compared across catchments. Subsequently, the empirical dependence between concentration and discharge is used to classify different solute behaviors. Although the influence of catchment geology, morphology and size is sometime visible on in-stream solute concentrations, anthropogenic impacts are much more evident. Solute variability is generally smaller than discharge variability. The majority of solutes shows dilution with increasing discharge, especially geogenic species, while sediment-related solutes (e.g. Total Phosphorous and Organic Carbon species) show higher concentrations with increasing discharge. Both natural and anthropogenic factors impact the biogeochemical response of streams and, while the majority of solutes show identifiable behaviors in individual catchments, only a minority of behaviors can be generalized across catchments that exhibit different natural, climatic and anthropogenic features.
Statistical Characteristics of Mudflows in the Piedmont Areas of
Uzbekistan and the Role of Synoptic Processes for their Formation
Authors: Mamadjanova Gavkhar , Wild Simon , Walz Michael A. , Leckebusch Gregor C.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The purpose of this study is to understand atmospheric factors from local to synoptic scales, which cause mudflow variability on interannual and longer time scales. In a first step, historical data of mudflow occurrences in Uzbekistan provided by the Centre of Hydrometeorological Service of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Uzhydromet) for more than 140 years was analysed. During the investigation period a total of about 3000 mudflow events were observed with about 21 events per year on average. The majority of mudflows occur during the advection of westerly airflow when moist air from Central and Southern Europe reaches Uzbekistan. This synoptic weather type (SWT) can be related to one of the 15 primary synoptic circulation types over Central Asia (CA) and Uzbekistan, which were subjectively derived by Bugayev and Giorgio in the 1930–40s. To understand the main atmospheric regimes steering the variability of mudflow occurrences, we applied additionally an objective classification following the Circulation Weather Types (CWT) approach. By means of the CWT approach, we further analyse that on mudflow-days the frequencies of cyclonic (C), westerly (W), south-westerly (SW) and north-westerly (NW) stream flows are increased in comparison to the climatological frequency of the occurrence of these circulation weather patterns. Results confirm that CWT westerly airflow initiates relatively more mudflow events comparing to other CWTs in study area. Integrated approach of the CWT classification and an antecedent daily rainfall model are combined together in logistic regression analysis to construct mudflow triggering precipitation threshold per CWT class. In general W, SW and C weather types require less antecedent rainfall amount to trigger mudflow occurrences in the study area. This technique is thus shown to be applicable to coarse resolution climate model diagnostics.
Early warning and drought risk assessment for the Bolivian Altiplano agriculture using high resolution satellite imagery data
Authors: Canedo Rosso Claudia , Hochrainer-Stigler Stefan , Pflug Georg , Condori Bruno , Berndtsson Ronny
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Implementation of agriculturally related early warning systems is fundamental for the management of droughts. Additionally, risk-based approaches are superior in tackling future drought hazards. Due to data-scarcity in many regions, high resolution satellite imagery data are becoming widely used. Focusing on ENSO warm and cold phases, we employ a risk-based approach for drought assessment in the Bolivian Altiplano using satellite imagery data and application of an early warning system. We use a newly established high resolution satellite dataset and test its accuracy as well as performance to similar (but with less resolution) datasets available for the Bolivian Altiplano. It is shown that during the El Niño years (warm ENSO phase), the result is great difference in risk and crop yield. Furthermore, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) can be used to target specific hot spots on a very local scale. As a consequence, ENSO early warning forecasts as well as possible magnitudes of crop deficits could be established by the government, including an identification of possible hotspots during the growing season. Our approach therefore should not only help in determining the magnitude of assistance needed for farmers on the local scale but also enable a pro-active approach to disaster risk management against droughts that can include economic-related instruments such as insurance as well as risk reduction instruments such as irrigation.
Formation of linear planform chimneys controlled by preferential
hydrocarbon leakage and anisotropic stresses in faulted fine-grained
sediments, Offshore Angola
Authors: Ho Sutieng , Hovland Martin , Blouet Jean-Philippe , Wetzel Andreas , Imbert Patrice , Carruthers Daniel
Published: May 2018

Abstract. A new type of gas chimney exhibiting unconventional linear planform has been observed on 3D seismic data offshore Angola, and is termed Linear Chimneys. These chimneys occur in the shallow buried hemipelagic succession which was affected by syn-sedimentary remobilisation processes related to hydrocarbon migrations. Linear Chimneys are oriented parallel to the adjacent faults, within preferentially oriented tier-bound fault networks of diagenetic origin (also known as anisotropic Polygonal Faults, PFs) in the salt-deformational domain. These anisotropic PFs are parallel to salt-tectonic-related structures indicating their submission to horizontal stress perturbations generated by the latter. Only in anisotropic PF areas chimneys and their associated gas-related structures, e.g. methane-derived authigenic carbonates and pockmarks, show linear planforms. In areas without anisotropic PFs where the stress state is isotropic, gas expulsion structures of the same range of sizes exhibit circular geometry. In areas experiencing a transitional stress field, Linear Chimneys follow the trend of weak anisotropic PFs rather than the nearby tectonic structures. Therefore, the development of Linear Chimneys is interpreted to have been predominantly affected by the anisotropic stress field of PFs. The initiation of polygonal faulting formed 40 to 80 m below the seafloor and predates Linear Chimneys. The majority of Linear Chimneys nucleated at the lower part of the PF tier below the impermeable, upper portion of PFs, where gas accumulation was facilitated by a regional impermeable barrier. The permeable part of polygonal fault-bound traps is evidenced by PF cells filled with gas. These PF gas traps restricted the leakage points of overpressured gas-charged fluids to occur along the lower portion of PFs and hence, controlling the nucleation sites of chimneys. Gas leaking along the lower portion of PFs pre-configured the spatial organisation of chimneys. Anisotropic stress fields of tectonic and polygonal faults couple with partial impermeability of PFs determined directions of gas migration, linear geometry of chimneys, long term migration pathways and successive leaking events. Methane-related carbonates that precipitated above Linear Chimneys inherited the same linear planform geometry, both structures record the timing of gas leakage, the orientation of palaeo stress and thus can be used as a tool of stress reconstruction in sedimentary successions.
Basal control of supraglacial meltwater catchments on the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Crozier Josh , Karlstrom Leif , Yang Kang
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Ice surface topography controls the primary routing of surface meltwater on ablation zones of glaciers and ice sheets. Meltwater routing is important for understanding and predicting ice sheet evolution because surface melt can be both a direct source of ice mass loss and an influence on basal sliding and ice advection. Although controls on ice sheet topography at long wavelengths are well known, smaller scale features relevant for meltwater routing are not well understood. Here we examine the effects of two processes that can influence ice sheet surface topography: bed topography transfer and thermal-fluvial incision by supraglacial streams. We implement 2D bed topography and basal sliding transfer functions in seven study regions of the western Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) ablation zone to study the influence of basal conditions on ice surface topography. Although bed elevation data quality is spatially variable, we find that ∼ 1–10 km scale ice surface features under variable ice thickness, velocity, and surface slope are well predicted by these transfer functions. We then use flow-routing algorithms to extract supraglacial stream networks from 2–5 m resolution digital elevation models, and compare these with synthetic flow networks calculated on ice surfaces predicted by bed topography transfer. Quantitative comparison of these networks reveals that bed topography can explain ∼ 1–10 km surface meltwater routing patterns without significant contributions from thermal-fluvial erosion by streams. We predict how supraglacial internally drained catchment (IDC) patterns on the GIS would change under time-varying ice flow and/or basal sliding regimes. Basal sliding variations exert a significant influence on IDC spatial distribution, and suggest a potential positive feedback between subglacial hydrologic regime to surface IDC patterning. Increased basal sliding will increase IDC spatial density (by decreasing IDC sizes) and cause more disperse meltwater input to the englacial and subglacial environment. This could result in less efficient subglacial channelization and increased basal sliding that would then further increase IDC density.
System identification, fuzzy control and simulation of a kite power system with fixed tether length
Authors: Dief Tarek N. , Fechner Uwe , Schmehl Roland , Yoshida Shigeo , Ismaiel Amr M. M. , Halawa Amr M.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. In wind energy
research, airborne wind energy systems are one of the promising
energy sources in the near future. They can extract
more energy from high altitude wind currents compared to conventional wind turbines. This can be achieved with the aid of aerodynamic
lift generated by a wing tethered to the ground. Significant savings in investment costs and overall system mass would be obtained
since no tower is required. To solve the problems of wind speed uncertainty and kite deflections throughout the flight, system
identification is required. Consequently, the kite governing equations can be accurately described. In this work, a simple model was
presented for a tether with a fixed length and compared to another model for parameter estimation. In addition, for the purpose of
stabilizing the system, fuzzy control was also applied. The design of the controller was based on the concept of Mamdani. Due to its
robustness, fuzzy control can cover a wider range of different wind conditions compared to the classical controller. Finally, system
identification was compared to the simple model at various wind speeds, which helps to tune the fuzzy control
parameters.
VDR Activation and Uremic Cardiopathy: Myths and Paradoxes
Authors: Brancaccio Diego
Published: May 2018

The role of vitamin D receptor (VDR) activators for the control of secondary hyperparathyroidism has been clarified during the last few decades; however, their possible activity in conditioning cardiovascular comorbidity and mortality has become of interest more recently. On the basis of experimental studies showing that VDR activating therapy is associated with a reduction of cardiac hypertrophy, the PRIMO Study (an international randomized controlled trial [RCT]) was carried out a few years ago, but the results were disappointing, as the group of uremic patients on dialysis treated for 48 weeks with paricalcitol showed no differences in comparison with controls in terms of regression of heart hypertrophy. The aim of this editorial is to analyze the possible reasons for such results, and to help understand the actual role of VDR activators in dialysis patients in controlling cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Type 4 Cardiorenal Syndrome: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Di Lullo Luca , Santoboni Alberto , Ronco Claudio
Published: May 2018

The clinical presentation of, and diagnostic approach taken for, a 63-year-old man with worsening dyspnea, chest heaviness and widespread lower limb edema, leading to a diagnosis of type 4 cardiorenal syndrome, is presented. The most appropriate approach at point of care is thoroughly discussed.
A New Computerized Program for Surveillance of Prosthetic Arteriovenous Fistulas
Authors: Tozzi Matteo , Franchin Marco , Formica Vincenzo , Ganna Matteo , Piffaretti Gabriele
Published: May 2018

Stenosis and thrombosis are common causes of prosthetic vascular access (pVA) failure. The role of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) surveillance is widely debated. The aim of this paper is to present a new real-time application designed for AVF surveillance called SPIDER. Surgical staff and hemodialysis nurses are responsible for data entry. SPIDER automatically analyses data and generates alerts in case of abnormal trends. Surgical evaluation and duplex Doppler ultrasonography are then immediately performed to confirm presence of stenosis or other possible pVA defects. Surgery can be performed if required. A preliminary analysis of results will be completed at 12 months after the program begins and subsequently after 24 months. Primary assisted patency will be compared with historical using multivariate analysis. Expected results are an improvement in primary assisted pVA patency and reduction of hospitalizations. Simultaneous management of a high number of patients can become difficult due to the large amount of data required for surveillance. We want to demonstrate whether a real-time automated system could help to prevent thrombosis and graft loss.
Influence of Hemodialysis on the Physical Activity and Motor Capacity of Patients with Chronic Renal Disease, Stage 4-5 (K/DOQI): Study Synopsis
Authors: Giannini Olivier , de Bruin Eling D. , Quadri Pierluigi , Tettamanti Mauro , Zemp Damiano D.
Published: May 2018

Purpose

Elderly patients who undergo hemodialysis are more fragile than older persons not on dialysis. However, it is not clear if this frailty exists before hemodialysis or if it becomes evident or more acute at the time of beginning a dialysis therapy program. The purpose of this study is to analyze if changes at both the motor and cognitive levels go hand in hand with the beginning of dialysis, and, if this is the case, to identify possible risk factors associated with the functional decline in these patients.

Methods

A multicentric prospective pilot observational study was conducted in an ambulatory population with the primary objective to represent the evolution of functional gait capacity in patients before and during hemodialysis treatment, to show gait insecurity during treatment follow-up, if it is present. The secondary objectives are to identify risk factors in the development of gait insecurity, and to measure the prevalence of falls during the follow-up period.

Results

The enrolment of patients began in January 2015 and the duration of the data collection will be at least 36 months. In the first 24 months, 19 patients have been included in the study. Preliminary data analysis is not expected before July 2018.

Conclusions

The identification of frailty predictors is of major importance in order to identify and target patients at the highest risk of frailty who may be likely to benefit from preventive intervention.
Preimplantation Biopsy Predicts Delayed Graft Function, Glomerular Filtration Rate and Long-Term Graft Survival of Transplanted Kidneys
Authors: Pedroso José A. , Giannakakis Konstantinos , Favi Evaldo , Salerno Maria P. , Spagnoletti Gionata , Pietroni Valentina , Bianchi Valentina , Toscano Alessia , Romagnoli Jacopo , Faraggiana Tullio , Citterio Franco
Published: May 2018

Background

The predictive value of preimplantation biopsies for long-term graft function is often limited by conflicting results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of time-zero graft biopsy histological scores on early and late graft function, graft survival and patient survival, at different time points.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 284 preimplantation biopsies at a single center, in a cohort of recipients with grafts from live and deceased donors (standard and nonstandard), and their impact in posttransplant renal function after a mean follow-up of 7 years (range 1–16). Implantation biopsy score (IBS), a combination score derived from 4 histopathological aspects, was determined from each sample. The correlation with incidence of delayed graft function (DGF), creatinine clearance (1st, 3rd and 5th posttransplant year) and graft and patient survival at 1 and 5 years were evaluated.

Results

Preimplantation biopsies provided somewhat of a prognostic index of early function and outcome of the transplanted kidney in the short and long term. In the immediate posttransplantation period, the degree of arteriolosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis correlated better with the presence of DGF. IBS values between 4 and 6 were predictive of worst renal function at 1st and 3rd years posttransplant and 5-year graft survival. The most important histological finding, in effectively transplanted grafts, was the grade of interstitial fibrosis. Patient survival was not influenced by IBS.

Conclusions

Higher preimplantation biopsy scores predicted an increased risk of early graft losses, especially primary nonfunction. Graft survival (at 1st and 5th years after transplant) but not patient survival was predicted by IBS.
Single-Center Open-Label Randomized Study of Anemia Management Improvement in ESRD Patients with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Bellasi Antonio , Mangano Stefano , Minoretti Claudio , Campana Carlo , Di Iorio Biagio , Di Lullo Luca , Ratti Carlo , Cozzolino Mario
Published: May 2018

Background

Whether anemia and mineral bone abnormalities (chronic kidney disease–mineral bone disorder [CKD-MBD]) are associated still remains to be elucidated. Both anemia and CKD-MBD have been associated with adverse cardiovascular outcome and poor quality of life. However, recent evidence suggests that use of large doses of erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) to correct hemoglobin (Hb) may be detrimental in CKD. The Optimal Anemia Treatment in End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) (Optimal ESRD Treatment) study will assess whether lowering of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is associated with a reduction in ESA consumption.

Methods

The Optimal ESRD Treatment study is a pilot single-center open-label study with blinded end point (a prospective randomized open blinded end-point [PROBE] design) enrolling 50 patients on maintenance dialysis. Eligible patients with intact PTH (iPTH) 300–540 pg/mL and Hb 10–11.5 g/dL will be randomized 1:1 to strict PTH control (150–300 pg/mL) versus standard care (PTH range 300–540 pg/mL). Available drugs for CKD-MBD and anemia treatment will be managed by the attending physician to maintain the desired levels of PTH (according to study arm allocation) and Hb (10–11.5 g/dL). Echocardiographic data for cardiac structure and function as well as arterial stiffness will be assessed at study inception and completion.

Conclusions

The Optimal ESRD Treatment study should shed light on the complicated interplay of anemia and CKD-MBD and on the feasibility of clinical trials in this domain. The study results are expected in the spring of 2017.
Retarding CKD Progression: Readily Available through Comprehensive Nutritional Management?
Authors: Fouque Denis , Bellizzi Vincenzo , Bellasi Antonio , Carrera Juan Jesus ,   European Renal Nutrition (ERN) Working Group of the European Renal Association - European Dialysis Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA)
Published: May 2018

This manuscript is aimed at summarising the evidences raised by the 2nd International conference of the European Renal Nutrition (ERN) working group at the ERA-EDTA “Retarding CKD progression: readily available through comprehensive nutritional management?” This project is focused on everyday nutritional issues related to non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD) condition. A non-dialysis CKD clinical case of common presentation in the daily clinical practice will be reported and thereafter several key aspects of the comprehensive nutritional management which nephrologists face daily in clinics will be addressed; definitely, baseline nutritional assessment, basic nutritional concerns, major nutritional targets, nutritional strategies to improve renal outcomes, and modalities of nutritional follow-up will be discussed in relation to follow-up of the case report.
Edema in Renal Diseases – Current View on Pathogenesis
Authors: Bobkova Irina , Chebotareva Natalia , Kozlovskaya Lydiya , Shilov Evgenij
Published: May 2018

Edema is a common complication of numerous renal disease. In the recent past several aspects of the pathophysiology of this condition have been elucidated. We herein present a case of nephrotic syndrome in a 30 year-old men. The discussion revolves around the following key questions on fluid accumulation in renal disease: 1. What is edema? What diseases can cause edema? 2. What are the mechanisms of edema in nephrotic syndrome? 2a. The “underfill” theory 2b. The “overfill” theory 2c. Tubulointerstitial inflammation 2d. Vascular permeability 3. What are the mechanisms of edema in nephritic syndrome? 4. How can the volume status be assessed in patients with nephrotic syndrome? 5. What are therapeutic strategies for edema management? 6. What are the factors affecting response to diuretics? 7. How can we overcome the diuretics resistance? 7a. Effective doses of loop diuretics 7b. Combined diuretic therapy 7c. Intravenous administration of diuretics 7d. Albumin infusions 7e. Alternative methods of edema management 8. Conclusion.
Quantifier domain restriction as ellipsis
Authors: Collins Chris
Published: May 2018

In this paper I argue that in certain cases quantifier domain restriction is due to a process of syntactic ellipsis. I give evidence for this analysis from inverse scope phenomena. I respond to Stanley and Szabó’s arguments against a syntactic ellipsis approach. Furthermore, I show how their own semantic proposal fails to capture the inverse scope facts.
Desafios regulatórios do Caso Airbnb: a intervenção do Estado no modelo econômico colaborativo | Regulatory challenges of the Airbnb case: The State intervention in the sharing economy model
Authors: Payão Jordana Viana , Vita Jonathan Barros
Published: May 2018

Desafios regulatórios do Caso Airbnb: a intervenção do Estado no modelo econômico colaborativo

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os desafios regulatórios do modelo econômico colaborativo, especificamente, os desafios da regulação dos serviços prestados pela plataforma Airbnb sob o ponto de vista do direito concorrencial, tributário, cível, urbanístico e imobiliário. Para tanto, o corte metodológico repousa sobre o papel do Estado perante os novos modelos econômicos. Com vistas a obter respostas e identificar eventuais inseguranças jurídicas, o estudo é desenvolvido com base na análise econômica do Direito.

Palavras-chave: Airbnb. Economia Colaborativa. Intervenção Estatal. Regulação.
______

Regulatory challenges of the Airbnb case: The State intervention in the sharing economy model

Abstract: The objective of this paper is to analyze the regulatory challenges of the sharing economic model, specifically the challenges of regulation of the services provided by the Airbnb platform from the point of view of competition law, tax law, civil law, urban and real state law, to that end, the methodological cut rests on the State role beyond the new economic models. To obtain answers and identify possible legal insecurities, the study is developed from the Law and Economics reference system.

Keywords: Airbnb. Regulation. Sharing Economy. State intervention.
El círculo fatal de los países latinoamericanos: internacionalización, mundialización, globalización
Authors: Pozo Roque
Published: May 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 50, 1996: 159-187
Evidencia empírica micro-regional del impacto de la política económica en el sub-sector de granos básicos
Authors: Montesino Castro Mario Salomón
Published: May 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 51, 1996: 407-445
¿Un futuro campo de controversias en teología?, Equipo Teológico Justicia Paz de la Bélgica Francófona; Siete mensajes, Michel Camdessus
Authors: Editor El
Published: May 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 51, 1996: 493-505
Mito y utopía en la modernidad
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: May 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 52, 1996: 587-602
Primera aproximación al bosque El Imposible
Authors: Rodríguez Díaz Rafael
Published: May 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 52, 1996: 603-630
Las tendencias globalizadoras: dos mundos
Authors: Sánchez Sonia Ivett
Published: May 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 53, 1996: 651-657
Aspectos históricos de la infancia callejera
Authors: Roggenbuck Stefan
Published: May 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 53, 1996: 673-691
Democracia económica. Propuesta para un socialismo eficaz
Authors: Schweickart David
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 55, 1997: 39-68
La influencia de E. Levinas en la filosofía de la liberación de J.C. Scannone y de E. Dussel (1ª parte)
Authors: Beorlegui Carlos
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 57, 1997: 243-273
Tres, tareas para el escritor salvadoreño contemporáneo
Authors: Rodríguez Díaz Rafael
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 57, 1997: 293-303
La cultura de la violencia en El Salvador
Authors: Editor El
Published: May 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 58, 1997: 307-312
Justiça Restaurativa: um caminho possível na superação da racionalidade penal moderna?
Authors: Costa Daniela Carvalho Almeida da , Machado Júnior Elisio Augusto de Souza
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo parte da hipótese de a Justiça Restaurativa se apresentar como possível caminho para se lidar com as questões formuladas pelo abolicionismo penal. Desde sua institucionalização, a pena serviu como instrumento de controle e manutenção do poder punitivo que, substituindo as partes envolvidas, atribuiu ao modelo verticalizado de justiça a difícil responsabilidade de solucionar o conflito. O longo processo de estruturação do sistema punitivo culminou na adoção do cárcere como novo paradigma, com o consequente desenvolvimento de teorias que buscaram legitimar a pena. Contudo, essa tentativa de justificação dogmática foi incapaz de mascarar as falhas da racionalidade penal moderna, havendo, pois, a necessidade de superação do antigo modelo. Logo, a pesquisa tem como objetivo central analisar, a partir do marco da criminologia crítica, por meio de revisão de literatura, o colapso das teorias da pena e identificar em que medida a Justiça Restaurativa implica ruptura com a racionalidade penal moderna e propõe um novo paradigma para compreensão e solução do conflito.
Discursos de ódio e o Tribunal Europeu dos Direitos Humanos: enfrentando os desafios à liberdade de expressão
Authors: Prates Francisco De Castilho
Published: May 2018

Partindo da análise de casos relacionados com os chamados discursos de ódio, decididos pelo Tribunal Europeu dos Direitos Humanos, o artigo lida com uma das mais importantes questões do pensamento constitucional: os limites da liberdade de expressão diante desses discursos de ódio. O discurso de ódio impõe um problema complexo, principalmente nas modernas sociedades multiculturais, quando manifesta formas abertas de ódio extremo. Esse debate pode ser tido como um dos maiores desafios das modernas democracias constitucionais, já que impõe pensarmos até que ponto pode ir um Estado Democrático de Direito sob pena de negar sua própria abertura. O Tribunal Europeu dos Direitos Humanos construiu alguns parâmetros para distinguir o discurso de ódio como um fenômeno negativo e o direito à liberdade de expressão garantida na Convenção Europeia dos Direitos Humanos. O texto mostra que restrições impostas ao direito de se expressar livremente estão sujeitas a requisitos extremamente exigen­tes e estritos. Em outros termos, colocamos que os limites desse direito fundamental não são meras restrições, mas condição de possibilidade do exercício da mesma liberdade. Desse modo, liberdade de expressão não pode ser traduzida como um instrumento de opressão, sendo, por isso, passível de ser limitada, mas não censurada. Em suma, para a Corte Europeia, responsabilização é a outra face, por isso inseparável, da liberdade de expressão. Nesse sentido, as contribuições de pensadores como Michel Rosenfeld e Jürgen Habermas foram centrais. Registre-se, por fim, que adotamos uma linha crítico-metodológica neste trabalho.
Fenomenologia de Edmund Husserl e Direito: caminhos e obstáculos
Authors: Laranja Anselmo Laghi , Bussinguer Elda Coelho de Azevedo
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar quais são os obstáculos a serem enfrentados pelo pesquisador do Direito com a utilização do método fenomenológico de Edmund Husserl. Para isso, são expostos três aspectos que permeiam a questão: (i) o papel que a fenomenologia possuiu no declínio do positivismo entre os séculos XIX e XX, demonstrando as questões que o positivismo não conseguiu responder e as respostas apresentadas, como contrapartida, pela fenomenologia; (ii) as contribuições da fenomenologia para o estudo do Direito, principalmente em relação aos problemas do conceito de Direito e os métodos de interpretação da norma; (iii) os obstáculos que surgiram da influência da fenomenologia e as questões deles decorrentes, que precisam ser respondidas visando ao desenvolvimento da ciência jurídica. Como conclusão, foram considerados como principais obstáculos a dificuldade de transparência do método fenomenológico, de verificabilidade dos seus resultados e de adaptação de suas premissas à mutabilidade do Direito como fenômeno social.
Type of Delivery and Length of Stay in Hypertension Patients
Authors: . Syahriana , Mappaware Nasrudin , Hasibuan Yusrawati , . Elizawarda , Usman Andi
Published: May 2018

INTRODUCTION: The length of stay (LOS) for pregnant mothers with vaginal delivery is different from that of caesarean delivery. Hypertension during pregnancy may be an indication to conduct caesarean delivery that affects length of stay in hospitals.MATERIAL & METHODS: The total collected samples were 108 pregnant mothers and they were divided into 2 groups, 54 pregnant mothers with normal blood pressure and 54 pregnant mothers with hypertension. Maternal characteristics, routine hematology, blood pressure (BP) status, type of delivery and length of stay were analyzed.RESULTS: Type of delivery, maternal age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, length of stay, and routine hematologic profile except leukocytes showed statistically significant correlations with hypertension for the total 108 pregnant mothers. Pregnant mothers with caesarean delivery due to pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) was threefold than those of normal blood pressure (95% confidence interval, 1.343-6.563). Statistical analyses indicated significant correlations between type of delivery and length of stay for pregnant mothers with hypertension after delivery (p-value = 0.000).CONCLUSION: On average, pregnant mothers who had hypertension with caesarean delivery spent at least 49-72 hours in the hospital after delivery. Indeed, the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommended that pregnant mothers with vaginal delivery should stay in a hospital for 1 or 2 days and those with caesarean section were suggested to stay 3 or 4 days after delivery. However, some pregnant mothers in this study spent shorter time to stay at the hospital after delivery.  Therefore, it is suggested for pregnant mothers to stay at a hospital in a more sufficient period of time after delivery to give an adequate time for physicians to classify, to diagnose, or to treat complications after delivery.
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension Accompanied With Anemia: Potential Stunting of Newborns
Authors: Sembiring Rumelia L. , Mappaware Nasrudin , . Elizawarda , Hasibuan Yusrawati , Nilawati Andi
Published: May 2018

INTRODUCTION: Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) of anemia pregnant women is a major contributor to adverse birth outcomes of newborns. This research aims to assess the association between pregnancy induced hypertension of anemia pregnant women and poor birth outcomes of newborns, especially body length of newborns at delivery.MATERIAL & METHODS: One hundred and eight pregnant women are enrolled according to the inclusion criteria. Sociodemographic data, anthropometric measurements, obstetric profiles (gravida), and data of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were collected in this study. Trained midwives drew blood samples from pregnant women as the study samples to measure their hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations and to assess their anemia. Gestational age (GA), types of delivery, anthropometric measurements of newborns (length, weight, head circumference, abdominal circumference and chest circumference) were conducted at delivery. Univariate and bivariate linear analyses were conducted to compare birth outcomes of newborns for each groupRESULTS: Of the total 108 pregnant women as the study samples, 25 pregnant women had blood pressures at normal level and normal Hb concentrations, 36 pregnant women had pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), 29 pregnant women had anemia and 18 pregnant women had pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) of anemia pregnant women respectively. All groups showed significantly different characteristics of pregnant women in terms of age (p = 0,027), height (p = 0,019), weight (p = 0.000), body mass index (BMI) (p = 0,001), Hb concentration (p = 0.000), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.000), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.000). Mean length of newborns was significantly lower in pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) with anemia pregnant women (p = 0.001). Statistical tests showed that there were negative correlations between maternal Hb concentrations and birth length (p = 0.024) as well as blood pressure and birth length (p = 0.000).CONCLUSION: The average length of newborns in pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) of anemia pregnant women was statistically significant shorter length (stunting) than the normal group. Thus, it is suggested that women who give birth with these conditions should pay more attention to the intake of good nutrition in the first 5 years of their children (the gold period) to prevent long-term adverse effects.
Earnings Management and State Ownership: A Primary Literature Review
Authors: Capalbo Francesco , Sorrentino Marco , Smarra Margherita
Published: May 2018

Purpose: State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) have a growing importance in the economic and social life of both developed and developing countries, being present in their key sectors such as telecommunication, electricity, transportation. The purpose of this paper is to offer a comprehensive review of the up to date literature on the relation between State Ownership and Earnings management.Design/methodology/approach: An examination of the literature was undertaken to review the quantitative studies that analyze the existence or the non-existence of a relation between State Ownership and Earnings management, comparing population and data set used, methodology applied and result achieved. To find studies relevant to the issue, we utilized Google Scholar and delimited the research to 20 top Scholarly Journals, over the interval 1996-2016.Findings: The available literature seems to offer contrasting viewpoints regarding the relationship between public ownership and earnings management, even though studies generally show a slight prevalence towards a negative relationship. This means that the quality of the earnings published in the budgets of public owned enterprises must be slightly higher than the earnings published by private companies.Research limitations/implications: Almost all studies reviewed present limitations that hinder the assumption of general rules regarding the obtained results. At the same time, the different studies do not always use the same system to measure earnings management activities.Practical implications: The paper might offer interesting implications for central and local governments, in order to influence the decisions on their intervention in the market.Originality/value: To our knowledge, this is the first study trying to attempt this emerging goal.
Overcoming SMEs Financing and Supply Chain Obstacles by Introducing Supply Chain Finance
Authors: Abbasi Waseem Ahmed , Wang Zongrun , Alsakarneh Asaad
Published: May 2018

Keeping in view the importance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) for the growth of a nation, we must also keep an eye on the challenges faced by those SMEs. There are various kinds of financing and supply chain options available for SMEs but they still face lot of hindrances. This paper would help us to understand why SMEs are important for the development of any country and how could we help the SMEs from facing challenges related to financing and supply chain. This study further highlights the key financing issues faced by SMEs and also focuses on major supply chain challenges confronted by the SMEs. This study put emphasis on the concept of supply chain finance (SCF) and that how SCF could help SMEs to overcome those challenges. In addition, this paper also points out the benefits and prospects of SMEs.  Even though the concept of SCF is still in developing phase but it has shown significant assistance to SMEs in order to grow further.