bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection and Estimation of Endogenous Jasmonic Acid and Salicylic Acid in Potato Genotypes Imposed with Defense Modulators Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Kakade Shruthila , Anil Veena S.
Published: January 2024

Jasmonic Acid (JA) and Salicylic Acid (SA) are pivotal signaling molecules involved in the complex network of plant defense mechanisms. Enhancing the levels of JA and SA through exogenous application or genetic manipulation has shown promising results in bolstering plant resistance to a wide range of diseases. This study investigates the effects of JA, SA and Compost Tea (CT) treatments on the endogenous JA and SA responses of four distinct potato genotypes-KH (Kufri Himalini, Solanum tuberosum), KJ (Kufri Jyothi, Solanum tuberosum), AC4 (Solanum sparsipillium) and AC6 (Solanum spegzinii). High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis was conducted to determine endogenous detectable levels of JA and SA defence phytohormones. The absorption spectra showed peak absorptions at 295 nm and 325 nm for JA (25 µg ml-1) and SA (10 µg ml-1) respectively. Retention times of JA and SA were determined to be RT-3.74 and RT-2.86 min respectively. The genotypes were subjected to various concentrations of JA and SA, and their respective impacts on endogenous JA and SA were measured. Genotype-specific responses were evident, with all genotypes displaying distinct sensitivities with respect to endogenous detectable JA in CT (KH-15.42 µg ml-1, KJ-133.67 µg ml-1, AC4-10.36 µg ml-1, AC6-7.92 µg ml-1), JA (KH-83.03 µg ml-1, KJ-184.14 µg ml-1, AC4-286.95 µg ml-1, AC6-9.2 µg ml-1) treatments while no detectable JA and SA was observed in Control, SA and JA+SA combined treatments. JA could enhance higher amount of detectable endogenous JA than CT treatment. The application of JA and SA enhancement could demonstrate success in various other crops rendering resistance against diseases in an eco-friendly approach.
Pengaruh Senam Rematik Terhadap Penurunan Skala Nyeri Sendi Pada Lansia di Desa Perigi Kecamatan Pulau Pinang Kabupaten Lahat
Authors: Elviani Yeni , Gani A , Fauziah Eri
Published: January 2024

Lansia dengan rematik dapat ditingkatkan status fungsional dengan mengurangi nyeri menggunakan metode gerak tubuh yang dikenal dengan senam rematik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh senam rematik terhadap penurun skala nyeri sendi pada Lansia. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian metode survey jumlah sampel sebanyak 50 orang  lansia dengan menggunakan teknik sampling yakni purposive sampling. Uji statistik yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah uji T-test dengan ? =0,05. Penelitian ini adalah Penelitian dengan Pra-Experimental dengan rancangan One Group Pre-test post-test Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah lansia berumur 45-70 tahun.Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 50 orang yang diberikan senam rematik. Dengan teknik pengambilan sampel porpusive sampling. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan bulan juli s.d desember  tahun 2021. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan lembaran observasi kemudian diolah dengan komputerisasi dianalisis dengan univariat dan bivariat. Hasil penelitian univariat didapatkan hasil tentang pelaksanaan senam rematik sebanyak 50 orang responden. Hasil penurunan skala nyeri tidak signifikan setelah melakukan senam rematik. Hasil uji statistik di dapatkan sign= 0.002 berarti terlihat ada pengaruh senam rematik terhadap penurunan skala nyeri sendi pada lansia di puskesmas pulau pinang kabupaten lahat. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil bahwa ada penurunan skala nyeri setelah melakukan senam rematik pada lansia dan juga disarankan kepada lansia agar selalu rutin melakukan senam rematik.
Integrated Devices Combining Perovskite Solar Cells and Energy
Storage Devices
Authors: Son Taewoong , Suk Seungjae , Kim Beomjin , Seo Jangwon
Published: January 2024

Perovskite solar cell research has emerged as a focal point of the future energy
industry as a result of expanding environmental concerns and significant
advancements in solar technology. Perovskite materials offer a variety of
advantages as photo-absorbers, including tunable bandgaps, high charge mobility,
and process advantages via low-temperature solution processes. Thus, perovskite
solar cells have presently attained a power conversion efficiency of 26.1%.
However, due to their reliance on light energy, their power output can be
inconsistent, making commercialization difficult. To address this issue,
integrated devices combining perovskite solar cells with energy storage devices
have been devised to provide uninterrupted energy supply and storage without
external interference. This review paper provides an overview of the latest
trends in the integrated devices and explores their potential application areas.
These integrated devices have employed supercapacitors and lithium-ion
batteries, with different designs using 4 electrodes and 3 electrodes.
Furthermore, integrated devices have been designed using flexible substrates
instead of glass substrates, making them applicable to various industries. These
integrated devices can be utilized as various energy conversion-storage
components, such as electric vehicle batteries and wearable devices.
Recent Progress in Two-Terminal Memristors Utilizing Halide
Perovskites and Their Potential Applications
Authors: Park Young Ran , Wang Gunuk
Published: January 2024

Halide perovskites (HP) have garnered significant attention as highly prospective
electronic materials for the development of advanced electronic devices, such as
resistive random-access memory (RRAM) devices, artificial synapses, and logic
operation. This review begins by providing a concise overview of the structural
and optoelectronic properties of HP-based materials. Subsequently, it delves
into the discussion of HP-based memristors, focusing on their remarkable
switching characteristics and potential transport mechanisms. Furthermore, this
review contains the recent advancements in the HP-based two-terminal memristors
across four application domains: memory, logic gate, unclonable physical device,
and neuromorphic computing devices. Lastly, the main challenges encountered in
the implementing HP-based memristors are briefly discussed. This review provides
an insightful guide for the HP-based memristor to keep pace with the forthcoming
era of big data and artificial intelligence.
3D Integration of Flexible and Printed Electronics: Integrated
Circuits, Memories, and Sensors
Authors: Kim Woojo , Kwon Jimin , Jung Sungjune
Published: January 2024

Printing technologies have received a lot of attention and expectations for
producing flexible and wearable electronics. However, the low transistor density
of the printed devices has been a major obstacle to commercialization. In this
review, a three-dimensional (3D) integration of organic flexible and printed
electronics is described. First, layout-to-bitmap conversion and design rules
for printed transistors, arrays, and integrated circuits are introduced. Then,
printed 3D transistors, digital integrated circuits, and memories are described.
Finally, 3D integration of printed active-matrix arrays and sensors is
highlighted. This approach is a breakthrough technology that not only reduces
the area occupied by a single transistor, memory, and sensor, but also increases
the efficiency of routing, effectively reducing the area of the entire devices.
In addition, monolithic 3D integration through the printing can stack
transistor, memory, and sensor by simply repeating the additive process.
Highly Bright and Efficient Flexible Quantum Dot Light-Emitting
Diodes on Metal-Coated PEN Substrate
Authors: Baek Geun Woo , Seo Hansol , Lee Taesoo , Hahm Donghyo , Bae Wan Ki , Kwak Jeonghun
Published: January 2024

Quantum-dot (QD) based light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) have attracted significant
attention in state-of-the-art wearable displays owing to the high form factor of
QDs with excellent optical/electrical properties. These advantageous properties
have led to notable advancements in QLEDs technology, making them flexible,
lightweight, and compatible with human skin, which meets the requirements of
wearable applications. To make the QLEDs wearable, however, alleviating the heat
generated under high current is an urgent challenge. In this study, we present a
flexible and bright top-emissive QLED fabricated on a plastic substrate with a
thin (200 nm) heat dissipation layer. To preserve QLED performance even under
sweaty conditions, we employed double layers of Parylene C/SU-8 for substrate
planarization and device encapsulation. Furthermore, compared with typical
wearable substrates that can hardly dissipate heat, the Al-metal induced
flexible substrate can effectively dissipate the generated heat even under high
current densities (2.3 A/cm2), exhibiting a high luminance
(∼366,000 cd/m2) and a current efficiency (43.3 cd/A),
respectively. The delicate device design of flexible QLEDs is anticipated to
contribute to the advancement of next-generation wearable optoelectronics.
Study on Time Dependent Growth of Single Crystalline Copper
Nanosheets
Authors: Jo Yeonsu , Kim Seungyeon , Lee Bum-Joo , Bae Sukang , Kim Tae-Wook
Published: January 2024

In this study, we investigated the relationship between the synthesis time of
single crystal copper nanosheets (Cu NSs) and their crystal growth, yield, size,
and their electrical properties. The Cu NSs synthesized for 2 and 4 hours showed
very low yields, while synthesis yields began to increase after 6 hours of
synthesis time, reaching approximately 33% in a 12-hour reaction. The size of
the Cu NSs was proportionally controlled by the synthesis time, and an average
size of 16 μm could be recovered after a 12-hour reaction. In particular, when
conductive films were prepared by Cu NSs of different sizes, the conductive
films made with larger particle sizes exhibited lower sheet resistance
characteristics. Due to the unique characteristics of Cu NSs in shape and
structure, single crystal copper nanosheets are expected to be used as metal
fillers for next-generation conductive inks for printed electronics in the
future.
Bi-Direction Continuous Inkjet Printing for Selective Area
Coating
Authors: Kim Min-Wook , Park Sang-Hyun , Kwon Kye-Si
Published: January 2024

The continuous inkjet (CIJ) printing method has fewer nozzle clogging issues and
faster jetting speed compared to the drop-on-demand (DOD) inkjet method, and it
can be relatively cost-effective to implement. Additionally, it has relatively
wider printing capability, which allows for coating or marking printing on
curved substrates. Nevertheless, commercially available CIJ equipment is still
limited to narrow printing width of about 10 mm, because most continuous inkjet
devices employ a unidirectional printing method. In this study, we conducted
research on a bidirectional printing method that can expand the printing width,
enabling continuous inkjet to be utilized in a broader range of applications.
Bidirectional printing requires bidirectional charging, which can cause problems
when the polarity of the ink changes. We address and visualize these issues and
propose a printing method that can overcome them. We expect that the proposed
method will have suitable applicability for coating selective areas.
Real-world evidence on the effectiveness and safety of gliclazide MR 60 mg in Bangladeshi patients with Type II diabetes during fasting: a sub-analysis from the global DIA-RAMADAN study
Authors: Uddin Mohammed Farid , Khan Murshed Ahamed , Selim Shahjada , Sultana Nusrat , Sayem Mohammad Abu , Iftekhar Mohammed Mahboob , Habib Maruf Bin , Akter Nazma , Khan Shahjamal
Published: January 2024

Aim:
Many Muslims with Type II diabetes (T2DM) fast during Ramadan, which can put them at increased risk of hypoglycemia. This sub-analysis of the global DIA-RAMADAN study assessed the effectiveness and safety of gliclazide modified release (MR) 60 mg in the Bangladeshi cohort.
Materials & methods:
DIA-RAMADAN was an international, prospective, observational study conducted in adult T2DM patients intending to fast and receiving gliclazide MR 60 mg once daily for ≥90 days before Ramadan. Dosing was switched from morning to evening at the start of Ramadan. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with ≥1 symptomatic hypoglycemic event. Secondary outcomes included changes between inclusion (V0) and end of study visit (V1) in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body weight and fasting plasma glucose (FPG).
Results:
Among the 98 Bangladeshi patients, 80 (81.6%) were at moderate/low-risk (category 3) for fasting and 18 (18.4%) were high-risk (category 2), as per International Diabetes Federation and Diabetes and Ramadan International Alliance (IDF-DAR) guidelines. Gliclazide MR was being prescribed as monotherapy to 59 (60.2%) patients and in combination with metformin to 39 (39.8%). There was no incidence of severe hypoglycemic events. Mean (±SD) HbA1c change from V0 was -0.1 ± 0.8% (p = 0.159). Mean (±SD) changes in FPG and body weight were -0.8 ± 39.7 mg/dl (p = 0.876) and -0.0 ± 1.5 kg (p = 0.810), respectively.
Conclusion:
In a real-world setting, this sub-analysis in Bangladeshi patients shows that patients with T2DM treated with gliclazide MR 60 mg can fast safely during Ramadan with a very low risk of hypoglycemia, while maintaining glycemic control and body weight.
Hubungan Dukungan Peran Orang Tua dengan Interaksi Sosial pada Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus di SLB Negeri Pringsewu Lampung
Authors: Setia Putri Ayu , Kameliawati Feri , Palupi Rini , Yeni Wulandari Rizki
Published: January 2024

Menurut World Health Organization (2017), diperkirakan jumlah anak retardasi mental di Indonesia sebanyak 6,6 juta jiwa. Insiden tertinggi pada anak masa sekolah dengan puncak umur 10 sampai 14 tahun. Anak berkebutuhan khusus memiliki keterbatasan mental yang sangat berat sehingga sering mengalami kesulitan dalam mengurus diri, dukungan peiran oirang tua sangatlah dibutuhkan kareina anak tidak dapat tumbuh dan beirkeimbang deingan baik tanpa adanya oirangtua teirutama pada anak berkebutuhan khusus, feinoimeina ABK di seikoilah dalam berinteraksi sosial meireika teirlihat teitap diam dalam keiloimpoik dan bahkan tidak mau beirgabung dalam keiloimpoik beilajar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meingeitahui adanya hubungan dukungan peiran oirang deingan inteiraksi soisial pada anak beirkeibutuhan khusus di SLB Pringseiwu tahun 2023. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif, desain penelitian observasi analitik dengan menggunakan pendekatan Cross sectional. Subjek penelitian ini adalah wali murid SLB pringsewu dan objek penelitiannya adalah hubungan dukungan peran orang tua dengan interaksi sosial pada anak berkebutuhan khusus di SLB pringsewu. Adapun tempat penelitiannya di SLB pringsewu, penelitian dilakukaan di SLB pringsewu, dengan jumlah sampel 64 wali murid SLB pringsewu. Teknik pemilihan sampel dalam penelitian adalah cluster sampling. Analisa bivariate dalam penelitian ini menggunakan chi-square. Hasil penelitian dari variable dukungan peran orangtua dengan interaksi sosial anak berkebutuhan khusus di SLBN Pringsewu diperoleh nilai p-value 0,007 (<0,05) dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ho ditolak artinya ada hubungan dukungan peran orangtua dengan interaksi sosial anak berkebutuhan khusus di SLBN Pringsewu. Diharapkan pihak SLBN Pringsewu dapat mengadakan atau memfasilitasi guru maupun orangtua terkait pelatihan mengenai cara atau strategi dalam melatih interaksi sosial pada anak berkebutuhan khusus
MENJAGA KESEHATAN SANTRI: UPAYA PHBS SEBAGAI PENCEGAHAN DIARE DI LINGKUNGAN PONDOK PESANTREN
Authors: Fitriani Rani , Mesi Setiana Eva
Published: January 2024

Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) plays a crucial role at Pondok Pesantren Walisongo Kotabumi, with a focus on preventing the risk of diarrhea. The community service project aims to enhance awareness and implementation of PHBS among 30 students aged 6-7 years. Involving evaluation instruments such as structured questions, interviews, and participatory observations, the activity took place on October 7, 2023. The material includes PHBS techniques, smart decision-making, and responsible PHBS implementation. Evaluation indicates a significant increase in students' knowledge (100%) regarding "PHBS Efforts as Diarrhea Prevention in the Pondok Pesantren Environment." Positive participant responses reflect satisfaction with the material, and action evaluation shows a positive impact of the program on the implementation of PHBS among students, contributing positively to the well-being and stability of the pesantren environment
Totalinis miestas
Authors: Rudokas Kastytis
Published: January 2024

Kastyčio Rudoko mokslo monografija „Totalinis miestas“ yra nuosekli miesto ateities ir miesto fenomeno tyrimų tąsa, pradėta plėtoti knygoje „Totalinis paveldas“ (2021). Šioje knygoje tęsiama diskusija apie metafizikos įtakas mūsų realybei ir siekiama nustatyti bendrosios metafizikos teorijos ir miesto bei civilizacijų raidos jungtį, kuri padėtų geriau suvokti tokias sąvokas, kaip gilusis paveldas, geriau prognozuoti, koks miestas bus ateityje. Autorius prieina prie išvados, kad teoriniu lygmeniu miestas veikia viršsąmonės plotmėje, kur dalinasi sąmone su kiekvienu jame gyvenančiu individu ir padeda galimai žmogaus kaip rūšies evoliucijai (esminiam atsimainymui). Vienu iš knygos tikslų tampa diskusija apie žmogaus gebėjimą transcenduoti dvasiškai ar net biologiškai, kai technologijos ne priverčia žmogaus išsinerti iš to, kas žmogiška, o yra vien tik įrankis, bet ne esminių rūšies pokyčių priežastis. Kitaip sakant, stengiamasi pabrėžti būtent žmogiškumo pakylėjimo galimybes, o ne žmogiškumo užbaigimą ir perėjimą į skaitmeninę ar kokią kitą technologijomis grįstą buvimo formą. Tai leidžia kalbėti apie miestą ne tik kaip apie protingą organizmą, bet ir kaip turintį atskirą sąmonės lygmenį ir priimantį sprendimus per informacijos teikimą subjektui. Iš pirmo žvilgsnio ši knyga atrodo kaip grynai teorinis veikalas, atsietai sprendžiantis abstrakčias problemas, tolimas kasdienėms paveldosaugos ar urbanistikos praktikoms ir patiriamiems iššūkiams. Tačiau tai klaidingas įspūdis, nes knygoje daug dėmesio skiriama ateities miesto modeliavimams ir drąsiai retrokauzualumo reiškinio analizei. O per FO-AM koncepcijos plėtotę parodomos ir ateities miestų problemų sprendimo galimybės. Tiesiogiai apie miestą knygoje kalbama mažai, tą pripažįsta ir pats autorius. Tačiau lyg nematoma gija miestas dalyvauja kone visuose svarstymuose apie dalykų prigimtį ir esmę ir iškyla per se tik tuomet, kai tai tampa išties būtina. Knyga parašyta katalikų teologijos įtakoje, civilizaciją suvokiant kaip žmogiškumo išpildymo, o ne jo nuneigimo įrankį. Galiausiai autorius prieina prie išvados, kad ateities civilizacijai ir miestui nebebus tiek aktualus fizinis pavidalas ar urbanistinių struktūrų koncentracija, nes iš daiktiškosios civilizacinės būklės po truputį pereisime į noetinę būklę. Ši monografija – tai originalus ir gilus miesto fenomeno analizės veikalas, praplečiantis jo suvokimo ribas ir į lietuvišką humanitarikos lauką įnešantis stiprią intelektualinę įtampą ir provokaciją.
Strengthening Effect of Nano-materials on the Compressive Strength and Microstructure of Recycled Brick Aggregate Concrete
Authors: CUI Shenao , WANG Ting , GONG Shangwei , REN Xiaoyu , LI Meng , SU Tian , TAN Zhenyu , CAO Fubo , LI Bangxiang
Published: January 2024

To investigate the strengthening effect of different nano-materials on recycled brick aggregate concrete, this paper considered the influence of different nano-materials, different mixing amounts, and different mixing methods on the compressive strength and microstructure of recycled brick aggregate concrete. The results show that the 7-day, 14-day, and 28-day compressive strengths of recycled brick aggregate concrete increase to different degrees after adding nano-materials, but the improvement in early compressive strength is more obvious. The cubic compressive strength prediction model of three nanomaterial-reinforced recycled brick aggregate concretes is established using the compressive strength as the index. The optimum contents of nano-SiO2, nano-CaCO3, and nano-Al2O3 are 3 %, 2 %, and 3 %, respectively. Double-mixed nano-materials have a lower improvement effect on the compressive strength of recycled brick aggregate concrete at different ages than single-mixed nano-materials. The nanomaterials can not only promote the hydration reaction of cement but also fill the microcracks and micropores inside the concrete, making the structure denser and thereby improving the mechanical properties of recycled brick aggregate concrete. The 28-day compressive strength of recycled aggregate modified with nano-materials (nano-SiO2 and nano-Al2O3) concrete is higher than that of recycled aggregate concrete mixed with nano-materials. The early compressive strength of recycled aggregate modified with nano-Al2O3 concrete is lower than that of recycled aggregate concrete mixed with nano-Al2O3.
"Constitucionalismo Dirigente" and Transformative Constitutionalism: Common Elements, Differences, and Methodological Challenges
Authors: Canotilho Mariana
Published: January 2024

This paper explores the key ideas behind the theories of Transformative Constitutionalism and the Directive Constitution, in an effort to find the missing link between the two intertwined models, the former being an evolution of the latter, somehow 'lost in translation.' The first section of the paper briefly describes the context within which each theoretical framework was first proposed, highlighting their (common) main characteristics: the view of the constitution as an instrument of change and their strong historical and sociocultural nature, as late examples of the so-called 'social state constitutionalism'. The subsequent sections provide more detailed accounts of the specific proposals by Karl Klare and J.J. Gomes Canotilho, the leading proponents of each model, with particular focus on legal interpretation and constitutional adjudication. The final part advances a reflection on the methodological implications and challenges of the two theories, highlights both their common elements and the aspects about which they diverge and offers some thoughts on their potential usefulness in the present.
A Comment from a South African Perspective on Directive and Transformative Constitutionalism in Comparative Constitutional Law
Authors: Klaaren Jonathan
Published: January 2024

This special issue demonstrates the importance of attending to the reception of constitutional concepts in overlapping transnational and local contexts and, for Africans including South Africans, the importance of attending to the economic structures embedded in constitutional political texts. The most significant difference between directive constitutionalism and transformative constitutionalism is the constitutional audience or actor the concepts are primarily addressing – the legislature or the judiciary. This significant distinction reveals a fault-line within the South African development of transformative constitutionalism. This comment begins to explore how the focus within transformative constitutionalism on the judiciary – judges as audience – came to be. During the negotiations/compromise to end apartheid and to establish a democratic constitution, the actors were at times various times speaking to a future audience of legislators and at other times were speaking to an audience of judges. One early 1990 South African constitutional analysis focused on the Constitution to be drafted as a document not only aimed at legislators but indeed embodying constitutional directives in directive constitutionalism’s sense of the term. Two years later, the most influential writing on directive principles primarily viewed the idea through the then-ongoing debate over the timing and content of the South African Bill of Rights to be enforced by the judiciary. Within the broad church of transformative constitutionalism in South Africa, a democratic tradition of constitutionalism has persisted since the years of the late 1980s and early 1990s but is probably best described as minority or contesting. South African constitutional theory could use a bit less transformative and a bit more directive constitutionalism.
Religiosität von Eidesformeln in deutschen Verfassungen des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Becker Christian
Published: January 2024

Die Arbeit untersucht die Bedeutung und Funktion der Eidesformeln in den deutschen Verfassungen des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts unter Einordnung in den historischen Kontext. Dabei analysiert der Verfasser die Entwicklung konstitutioneller Eide und deren Prägung durch Religiosität im jeweils vorherrschenden politischen System. Die Untersuchungen zeigen auf, wie Eidesformeln regelmäßig in komprimierter Form ein Abbild sich wandelnder Gesellschaftsordnungen und der Entwicklung des Verhältnisses von Kirche und Staat geben.

 

Reihe

Neue Juristische Beiträge - Band 144
Khachkar And War(Khachkar Culture Of Artsakh During Independence)
Authors: Сафарян Ануш
Published: January 2024

Крест и хачкар (мемориальный крест-камень) на протяжении многовекового своего существования, претерпев символические, изобразительные и семантические изменения, были и остаются важными символами армянской конфессиональной и национальной идентичности. После первой Арцахской освободительной войны хачкар стал главным символом обозначения и освящения освобожденных территорий, поселений и особенно государственных границ Республики Арцах. Именно поэтому на пути изобретения собственной идентичности, за счет и против армянской идентичности официальные власти Азербайджана повсеместно прибегали к уничтожению изображения креста как символа армянства и Армянской Апостольской Церкви.
The cross and khachkar throughout their centuries-old existence, having undergone symbolic, figurative, thematic and content transformations, have always been and remain important symbols of the Armenian confessional and national identity. After the first Artsakh war, the khachkar became the main symbol of the designation and consecration of the liberated territories, settlements, and especially the borders. That is why, on the way of creating Azerbaijani identity, sometimes at the expense of and against the Armenian identity, the Azerbaijani official policy often resorted to the destruction of the cross as a symbol of Armenianness.
Общепринятый принцип «военной необходимости» защиты культурных ценностей в случае вооруженных столкновений и вандализм Азербайджана
Authors: Тигранян Армине
Published: January 2024

С началом войны 27-го сентября 2020-го года вооружённые силы Азербайджана намеренно и открыто начали наносить удары по историко-культурному наследию Арцаха, тем самым не только нарушая взятые на себя обязательства, возложенные различными международными конвенциями, но и общепринятые нормы международного права по защите культурного наследия. В данной статье на примере обстрела со стороны Азербайджана церкви Сурб Аменапркич в Шуши, представлен анализ принципов защиты культурного наследия во время войны (при военной необходимости).
Since the start of the war on September 27, 2020, the Azerbaijani armed forces have openly targeted the Armenian cultural heritage of Artsakh, violating not only its international obligations, imposed by various conventions, but also the generally accepted customary international norms for the protection of cultural heritage. In this article, on the example of the shelling of the St. Amenaprkich (St. All-Savior) or Ghazanchetsots Church in Shushi by Azerbaijan, an analysis of the principle of military necessity for the protection of cultural heritage during the war is presented.
О характере и времени институционализации албанской церкви в свете новых археологических исследований в Арцахе
Authors: Петросян Гамлет
Published: January 2024

Одним из нерешенных проблем армянской историографии является феномен образования Албанской церкви как автокефальной организации. Письменные источники о зарождении христианства в Албании можно разделить на две группы, которые условно можно назвать «армянской легендой» и «иерусалимской легендой». Согласно «армянской легенде», официальное распространение христианства в Албании происходило почти одновременно с распространением христианства в Армении по инициативе царя Тиридата и Григория Просветителя. Посему в конфессиональном и административном аспектах Албанская церковь находилась под влиянием Армянской церкви.
One of the unresolved problems of Armenology is the phenomenon of the formation of the Albanian Church as an autocephalous organization. The written sources about the birth of Christianity in Albania can be divided into two groups, which can be conditionally called "Armenian legend" and "Jerusalem legend". According to the "Armenian legend", the official spread of Christianity in Albania took place almost simultaneously with the spread of Christianity in Armenia on the initiative of King Tiridates and Gregory the Illuminator. Therefore, in the confessional and administrative aspects, the Albanian Church was under the influence of the Armenian Church.
The Value of Trichoscopy in the Follow-up of Treatment Response in Patients With Androgenetic Alopecia
Authors: Yigen Iritaş Seçil , özcan Deren
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Although trichoscopy has been used successfully in the diagnosis of androgenetic alopecia (AGA), its utility in monitoring the therapeutic outcome is not clear.
Objectives: To investigate the value of trichoscopy in the follow-up of treatment response in patients with AGA.
Methods: Ninety-five patients with AGA were included. Trichoscopic images were obtained on a 1 cm2 circular area in the left frontoparietal scalp pre- and post-treatment in all and in 61 patients, respectively. Two doctors evaluated those images who are less experienced (doctor A) and experienced (doctor B) in hair diseases and trichoscopy. Terminal, vellus and total hair count (THC, VHC, ToHC) and terminal to vellus hair (T/V) ratio were determined. These numerical data were also calculated by TrichoScan analysis of the same area. The agreement between trichoscopy and TrichoScan data was assessed.
Results: The agreement between doctor A and TrichoScan was moderate for THC and ToHC pre-treatment and good post-treatment; poor for VHC and T/V ratio pre- and post-treatment. The agreement between doctor B and TrichoScan was excellent for THC, VHC and ToHC; good for T/V ratio pre- and post-treatment.
Conclusions: Trichoscopy, when performed by a doctor experienced in hair diseases and trichoscopy, can be used as a sensitive method in monitoring the treatment response in patients with AGA which is based on the determination of THC, VHC, ToHC and T/V ratio. If it is to be performed by a less experienced doctor, it can be preferred as a sensitive follow-up method using THC and ToHC.
Confocal Assessment of Pigmented-Mucosal Lesions: A Monocentric, Retrospective Evaluation of Lip and Genital Area
Authors: Coco Valeria , Cappilli Simone , Di Stefani Alessandro , Ricci Costantino , Perino Francesca , Di Nardo Lucia , Longo Caterina , Peris Ketty
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Pigmentation of lip and/or genitalia is mainly due to the development of benign melanotic macules, with a less occurrence of melanocytic and other non-melanocytic lesions. Mucosal melanoma has worse prognosis compared with cutaneous counterpart, hence identification of atypical features for an early diagnosis is crucial.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to report further data of confocal features characterizing pigmented mucosal lesions of genital area and of the lips and test the diagnostic role of the reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM)lip score.
Methods: Clinical, dermoscopic and RCM images of histologically proven pigmented lesions, involving the genital area (vulva or glans penis) and lip, were retrospectively reviewed. RCM images were evaluated for malignant criteria, and statistical analysis was conducted for categorical variables.
Results: Seventy pigmented lesions were included in the study and divided into two groups based on the body area location: lip (17) and genital area (53). Architectural disarray (P = 0.002), dendritic (P = 0.031) and roundish cells in epidermis (P < 0.0001), interpapillary dendritic cells (P = 0.039) and junctional atypical cells (P = 0.002) were associated to genital melanoma. Melanoma involving the lip was characterized by roundish cells in epidermis, a criterion found in one labial benign lesion, only (P = 0.005). Main limitations of the study are the inclusion of low melanomas and the presence of epidermal dendritic cells in melanosis and melanoma, as a confusing factor in imaging.
Conclusions: Dermatologists should consider confocal microscopy as an adjunctive tool to dermoscopy in the differential diagnosis of pigmented mucosal lesions, especially in presence of clinical and dermoscopic findings suspicious for malignancy.
Dermoscopic Features of Cutaneous Vasculitis
Authors: Karstarli Bakay Ozge Sevil , Kacar Nida , Gonulal Melis , Calli Demirkan Nese , Cenk Hülya , Goksin Sule , Gural Yunus
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Dermoscopy has become widespread in the diagnosis of inflammatory skin diseases. Cutaneous vasculitis (CV) is characterized by inflammation of vessels, and a rapid and reliable technique is required for the diagnosis.
Objectives: We aimed to define CV dermoscopic features and increase the diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy with machine learning (ML) methods.
Methods: Eighty-nine patients with clinically suspected CV were included in the study. Dermoscopic images were obtained before biopsy using a polarized dermoscopy. Dermoscopic images were independently evaluated, and interobserver variability was calculated. Decision Tree, Random Forest, and K-Nearest Neighbors were used as ML classification models.
Results: The histopathological diagnosis of 58 patients was CV. Three patterns were observed: homogeneous pattern, mottled pattern, and meshy pattern. There was a significant difference in background color between the CV and non-CV groups (P = 0.001). The milky red and livedoid background color were specific markers in the differential diagnosis of CV (sensitivity 56.7%, specificity 96.3%, sensitivity 29.4%, specificity 99.2%, respectively). Red blotches were significantly more common in CV lesions (P = 0.038). Red dots, comma vessels, and scales were more common in the non-CV group (P = 0.002, P = 0.002, P = 0.003, respectively). Interobserver agreement was very good for both pattern (???? = 0.869) and background color analysis (???? = 0.846) (P < 0.001). According to ML classifiers, the background color and lack of scales were the most significant dermoscopic aspects of CV.
 Conclusions: Dermoscopy may guide as a rapid and reliable technique in CV diagnosis. High accuracy rates obtained with ML methods may increase the success of dermoscopy.
Gram-Negative Toe Web Infections
Authors: Waterton Kelita , Lipner Shari
Published: January 2024

Gram-negative bacterial toe web infection (GNTWI) is a common dermatologic condition affecting the interdigital spaces. The clinical presentation ranges from mild erythema to exudative maceration of the web spaces that may extend to in other areas of the foot and lead to cellulitis in severe cases. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most commonly identified etiologic agent. Occlusive and humid environments, pre-existing dermatologic conditions, and fungal infections increase the risk of developing GNTWI. GNTWI has a broad differential diagnosis including erythrasma, tinea pedis, pitted keratolysis, eczematous dermatitis, and malignancies. Diagnosis is performed using bacterial and fungal cultures. There is a lack of a standardized treatment regimen for GNTWI. While GNTWI is fairly common, it may still be under-recognized by dermatologists due to the limited medical literature. This article presents a review of GNTWI, its clinical features, epidemiologic factors, etiologic agents, predisposing factors, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic options.
Comparison of the Efficacies of Topical Liposomal Amphotericin B and Topical Clotrimazole in the Treatment of Pityriasis Versicolor
Authors: Ghahartars Mehdi , Hosseini Hossein , Khedri Malek , Sadati Maryam Sadat
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Pityriasis versicolor (PV) often exhibits recurrence even despite treatment, and a standardized therapy with a complete cure rate remains elusive. Given the fungicidal property of amphotericin B, its potential for PV treatment warrants investigation. 
Objectives: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of topical liposomal amphotericin B and clotrimazole cream in treating PV.
Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 44 PV patients, aged 15 to 70 years, who were equally assigned to either the amphotericin or clotrimazole group. The trial was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials on March 7th, 2022. PV diagnosis was confirmed in all patients through positive microscopic results. The amphotericin group received topical gel containing liposomal amphotericin B 0.4%, while the other group received topical cream containing clotrimazole 1%. Both treatments were applied twice daily to the affected skin lesions for 14 days. The primary outcomes assessed were mycologic cure, clinical cure, and complete cure at day 14 post-treatment.
Results: Both drugs demonstrated successful treatment outcomes, with comparable rates of mycologic cure (77.3%), clinical cure (63.6%), and complete combined cure (63.6%). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the degree of cure (P=0.75).  Adjustments for age, sex, lesion extent, and lesion site yielded insignificant risk ratio and risk difference estimates for the complete cure rate (P>0.05).
Conclusions: The topical application of liposomal amphotericin B 0.4% is equally effective as topical clotrimazole 1% in treating pityriasis versicolor. These findings suggest that liposomal amphotericin B could be considered as a viable alternative treatment for PV. Further research is warranted to explore its long-term consequences and safety profile.
Penerapan Metode Active Learning dengan Model Pengajaran Terarah untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Siswa Belajar Bahasa Inggris pada Materi Conditional Sentences
Authors: Supriatna Agus
Published: January 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan: (1) langkah-langkah penerapan pembelajaran Pembelajaran Active Learning Dengan Model Pengajaran Terarah dalam peningkatan pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris (2) apakah langkah-langkah pembelajaran Pembelajaran Active Learning Dengan Model Pengajaran Terarah dapat meningkatkan pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini berupa Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus, Setiap siklus, terdiri dari: (1) perencanaan, (2) pelaksanaan, (3) observasi, (4) refleksi. Peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dari pratindakan, siklus I, dan siklus II. Pada Kegiatan PraTindakan hasil nilai yang dicapai oleh siswa, masih banyak siswa yang memperoleh nilai sangat rendah dengan pencapaian nilai teringgi hanya mencapai nilai 72 dan nilai terendah 30 serta hasil rata – rata hanya mencapai 54 %, pada tindakan I proses pembelajaran meningkat disebabkan oleh karena guru dapat memahami kendala yang dihadapinya pada tampilan tindakan sebelumnya. Siswa lebih aktif dan kreatif dalam menyelesaikan tuga-tugas. Selain adanya peningkatan terbukti pada pencapaian nilai rata-rata pretest dan posttest. Tindakan II mengakhiri tindakan pembelajaran dengan pemberian tugas dan indikator keaktifan siswa telah diatas 65% dan skor hasil siswa minimal sudah mencapai hasil yang memuaskan perolehan hasil nilai tertinggi mencapai 90 dan nilai terendah hanya 75 dengan perolehan nilai rata – rata 85%. Hal ini sudah sesuai dengan standar ketuntasan maximal yang harus dicapai oleh siswa. Pada tindakan II proses pembelajaran meningkat disebabkan oleh karena guru dapat memahami kendala yang dihadapinya pada tampilan tindakan sebelumnya. Selain adanya peningkatan terbukti pada pencapaian nilai rata-rata pretest dan posttest
Problematika Penerapan Smart Contract terhadap Peran dan Fungsi Notaris di Indonesia
Authors: Indahcantika Mazalio Gladysha
Published: January 2024

Smart contract adalah kontrak digital yang dapat diatur dan dieksekusi secara otomatis. Kehadiran smart contract menimbulkan perubahan radikal dalam dunia hukum, khususnya dalam bidang perjanjian dan pembayaran. Meskipun teknologi memungkinkan fungsi Notaris dilakukan secara online dan jarak jauh, tampaknya hal itu tidak mungkin dilakukan secara hukum yang saat ini berlaku di Indonesia. Sehingga, masih dibutuhkan regulasi yang spesifik mengatur ketentuan mengenai Smart Contract agar terbentuknya kepastian hukum yang memberikan rasa aman dan perlindungan hukum bagi masyarakat. Rumusan Masalah yang dipakai ada dua yaitu, pertama, keabsahan hukum atas kehadiran smart contract dikaitkan dengan transaksi elektronik, serta yang kedua, bagaimana ancaman penerapan smart contract terhadap peran dan fungsi notaris di indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan mengumpulkan data dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kehadiran Smart Contract di Indonesia dapat dikatakan sah dan berlaku apabila memenuhi syarat-syarat yang ditetapkan dalam peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, seperti Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen dan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Namun, jika dikaji terhadap peran notaris sebagai pejabat umum, Smart Contract akan mengurangi peran notaris sebagai pejabat umum dalam pendaftaran dan pengesahan perjanjian. Karena, peran notaris tetap diperlukan dalam pemeriksaan keabsahan dan kepatutan kontrak, serta dalam memberikan jaminan keamanan bagi kontrak yang diselenggarakannya. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa Kemajuan teknologi yang pesat harus sejalan dengan perubahan sistem hukum, khususnya fungsi notaris sebagai pejabat publik, agar tetap relevan dan memberikan pelayanan yang efektif dan efisien kepada masyarakat
Analisis Tegangan Tarik Maksimum Wire Rope pada Hoist Crane Kapasitas 3 Ton
Authors: Andri Rezky , Nurdin Hendri
Published: January 2024

Steel ropes are one of the most important parts of a lifting aircraft system. The strength of the steel rope varies, depending on the use and needs. A typical steel rope construction for elevators consists of 8 spins wrapped together, heading left or right with a core in the middle. Each steel rope spin consists of 19 wires which is 9.9.1, meaning 9 wires outside, 9 inside and 1 in the center. The cross-sectional area of steel rope (F152) based on the tensile stress for one steel rope (S) is 1.9 cm. The tensile stress that occurs on the steel rope is (S) = 1773 kg. While the permissible tensile stress is (Smax) = 2800 kg. The actual steel rope breaking strength (P) based on the safety factor with mechanism type and operating conditions (K) is (P) = 9753 kg. Steel rope used type: 8 x 19 = 152 + 1 Fiber Core with specifications: steel rope diameter (d) : 10 mm, rope weight (W) : 1.15 kg / m, steel rope breaking load (Pb) : 15,400 kg, rope breaking stress (σb) : 140-159 kg / mm². Because the tensile stress (S) = 1773 kg is smaller than the permissible tensile stress (Smax) = 2800 kg, it can be concluded that the steel rope is safe against the tensile load that occurs.
Slum Health in Ghana: a Case of Old Fadama in The Accra
Authors: Asantewaa Adofo Ida , Agyemang Opoku Oscar , Sampson Ebow
Published: January 2024

The study sought to assess the effect of slum on the health of its’ dwellers in Sodom and Gomorrah. The study adopted the explanatory design of the quantitative approach to examine the effect of slums on the quality of life of the slums inhabitants of Sodom and Gomorrah. With the aid of Krejcie and Morgan‘s (1970) sample size table, 306 respondents were selected and through convenience sampling, questionnaire were administered to the respondents. Moreover, the data were analyzed with the help of statistical software known as Statistical Product for Service Solution (SPSS version 25.0) by using frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation as well as linear regression and presented by using tables, and charts. It was evident from the reviews that the emergence of slums and its growth are offshoots of urbanisation. The search for greener pastures in the city centers and the improvement of the livelihood of slum dwellers were the major driving force for slum dwellers to migrate to the city centers. It was obvious from the study that migrants do not have life easy and promising as anticipated before embarking on their journeys. They become exposed to all kinds of risks, ranging from environmental to health. Within this context they device several means to survive. It is the argument of this thesis that government should engage private partnership to stem the tide down. Therefore, it is recommended that the government and private institutions and individuals provide intensive education support programs for the community. Education could be done through Community Publics Address systems (PA Systems), schools, workshops, seminars, and others.
مشكلات الكتابة العربية وحلولها لطلاب الصف السابع بالمدرسة المتوسطة الاسلامية الأهلية "السلام" بانجيلان طوبان
Authors: Aqna Ainaini
Published: January 2024

This research aims to analyze the errors in Arabic writing among 7th-grade students at MTS As-Salam. Arabic language plays a crucial role in understanding and using Islamic religious texts and is one of the key subjects in secondary schools. However, many students face difficulties in learning Arabic, especially in writing.

The research was conducted using an error analysis method. Data were obtained from the writings of 7th-grade students at MTS As-Salam throughout one semester. The results of this analysis provide an overview of the types of errors commonly made by students in Arabic writing, as well as their contributing factors.

Based on the research findings, several common types of errors were identified, such as errors in using Arabic letters (huruf hijaiyah), punctuation, affixes, and sentence structures. These errors may hinder the comprehension and interpretation of the texts they write. Contributing factors to these errors include a lack of understanding of Arabic writing rules, insufficient practical writing exercises, and the influence of different native languages.

Therefore, further efforts are needed to improve the quality of Arabic language teaching at MTS As-Salam. Teachers should provide more practical exercises in Arabic writing and offer a deeper understanding of writing rules. Additionally, collaboration between teachers and parents is essential to help students enhance their Arabic language skills outside the school environment.

This research is expected to make a positive contribution in understanding and addressing Arabic writing errors among 7th-grade students at MTS As-Salam. By identifying common errors and their causes, it is hoped that the school can implement more effective learning strategies focused on enhancing students' Arabic language proficiency.
Wpływ opóźnionych zmiennych warunkowych na zmiany stóp zwrotu akcji notowanych na GPW w Warszawie
Authors: Urbański Stanisław
Published: January 2024

The paper presents the testing of Fama and French three-factor model and the two- and three-factor aggregated model proposed earlier by the author. The conducted test concerns the impact of condition variables on changes to the rates of return on the shares quoted on the Warsaw Stock Exchange main market for 1995-2005. The analysis is based on the procedure proposed by Ferson and Harvey (1999). Fama and French lagged factors act as condition variables, the lagged rate of return on free-from-risk shares and lagged factor HMLF of the proposed aggregated model. The results of the analysis lead to the conclusion that the lagged rate of return on free-from-risk shares contributes additional information both to Fama and French model and the aggregated model. It implies that the two procedures may not be regarded as the examples of condition models. Lagged factor HMLF also has an impact on Fama and French model. On the other hand, no impact is recorded of Fama and French lagged factors on the description of the rates of return by means of the aggregated model. On the basis of the obtained results one should noute that the aggregated 2-factor and 3-factor models explain the cross section of average returns of shares listed on the Polish market better than Fama and French 3-factor model.