bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agency, Gender Identities, and Clothing Consumption
Authors: Jahan Fatema Rouson
Published: July 2018

The chapter critically analyses the discourses on global factory workers that rest on three assumptions. First, the discussions of production are centred on stories of victimhood and produce a homogeneous image of third world workers as cheap and docile, who are affected by global labour market dynamics similarly and equally. Second, the third world is always theorised as a site of production and women factory workers are always positioned as sweatshop workers and never as consumers. Third, women's role as consumers appears only in relation to white women from the global north, who are assumed to have more purchasing power. Third world workers' consumption practices have been largely overlooked. The chapter problematises some of these assumptions. It proposes to look at the gender dynamics in the lives of women workers in global garment factories with a focus on their clothing consumption in order to further an approach that acknowledges the heterogeneity and agency of garment workers.
A Study of Decline Ethical Values in Education System at Higher Level
Authors: Singh Reena
Published: July 2018

Teachers stand in the interface of the transmission of knowledge, skills and values. They are accepted as the backbone of education system. Some serious questions arise after analyzing the current teacher education status like: What training implications stem from the conceptions of teachers regarding ethics and the way it is learned? We need to explore the answer of above said problem. Therefore, in this chapter an attempt has been made to analyze the present status of ethics of teachers. Qualitative and quantitative method was used for analyzing data. It was found lack of accountability, political intervention in selection of teachers, lack of interest in hard work, lack of code of conduct and professional ethics are major factor responsible for the degradation of teaching value in society. There is find difference between male and female teachers regarding professionalism, teachers' individual quality and difference between more experience and less experience teachers regarding poor relationship with students, and evaluation related quality.
Women in Global Professional Services Firms
Authors: Panina Daria
Published: July 2018

Professional services firms (PSFs) have traditionally relied on professional partnerships as an organizational principle. This system was developed more than a century ago, when women did not actively pursue careers in professional services. Professional partnerships are very resistant to change and have managed to preserve their main features for decades. Their formal and informal practices still have exclusionary effects on female professionals. However, professional services firms are increasingly facing a deregulated, competitive, and very dynamic environment and are pressured by the labor market and client firms to rethink their stance on gender diversity. This chapter presents an overview of the management practices in professional services firms and outlines the major changes in their environment. Recent trends in changing management practices in the professional services sector and their impact on female professionals are analyzed. Implications for theory building and future research on management practices in professional service firms are discussed.
The Online Feminine Mystique
Authors: Johns Raechel , Mackrell Dale , Dale Naomi F. , Dewan Saif
Published: July 2018

When the Internet was first commercialized and commonly utilized, men numerically dominated Internet use (Actman, 1995 and Johns, 1997). Over time, the population of Internet users has normalized and increasingly women are using the Internet at the same rate as men. This raises societal questions. Is social media conditioned to be more ‘female-dominated' due to the focus on social aspects, traditionally seen as more feminine? This introductory chapter explores the technology use of women. Taking a perspective of providing a background, first, the literature related to women and technology and the dominant theoretical underpinnings is discussed. Then the authors investigate conditioning of women in careers, lifestyles and general technology use. This discussion of the academic literature is then reinforced through an analysis of industry based data, to understand how women are utilizing technology. The chapter concludes with an agenda for further research into the use of technology by women.
Black Parents as Achievement Socialization Agents for Black Girls
Authors: Young Jemimah L. , Young Jamaal R.
Published: July 2018

The achievement socialization of Black girls is highly dependent upon the interactions within their sphere of socialization. Black gender socialization patterns may build an academic resilience in Black women that gives them the capacity to navigate the U.S. educational system substantially better than their male counterparts. In this chapter, the authors describe how parents and teachers can leverage the racial, disciplinary, and academic identities of Black girls to increase their performance in mathematics. This chapter equips teachers and parents with explicit tools to build on the trends observed in prior research. These tools can help parents and teachers build bridges to mathematics success for Black girls.
Restorative Justice and Women's Experiences of Violence in Nigeria
Authors: Ayodele Johnson Oluwole
Published: July 2018

The principles of restorative justice (RJ) and traditional African mediatory practices share a similar vision about giving social healing to offenders, victims, and communities in the aftermath of victimization. Regrettably, colonialism drove Africa's traditional restoration-based justice initiative out by forcefully replacing it with its retribution-oriented alternative. The chapter theoretically examines RJ vis-à-vis women's experiences of violence in Nigeria. It obtained its data mainly from secondary sources. It argues that culture prevents numerous cases involving the interests of women, as wives or intimate partners of men, from public negotiation especially with or before strangers in Nigeria. This chapter concludes that RJ is an innovative means of returning to and modernizing Africa's history of social healing to ease access of Nigerians to justice, regardless of gender.
Towards a More Gender-Inclusive Climate Change Policy
Authors: Kabir Farah
Published: July 2018

Climate change is a reality, and poses a serious long term threat to society and to the environment. Much has been written on the negative effects of climate change across the globe focusing on the greater vulnerability of least developed countries and developing countries. Numerous studies back up the argument that “countries that are most vulnerable to the effects of climate change tend to be poorer with a wider gender gap. In contrast, countries that rank high in environmental performance and gender equality, are among the richest nations of the world” (Samy, 2011, p. 100). Women are often denied of their basic rights due to discriminatory social practices and gender blind policies. Impacts of climate change affect life and livelihood of women, and diverse work responsibilities of women augment their exposure to climate hazards. Due to less access or rights to financial and productive resources, information and services that may help them cope with impacts of stresses and shocks, are not present as a result of the gaps in policies, development agendas, thus leaving women in a greater vulnerable condition. Primarily, these are the reasons slowing the progress on achieving overall gender equality. The objective of this paper is to look at the Post 2015 Arrangements. These are numerous international frameworks and agreements i.e. SFDRR, SDG and the Paris Agreement, that will determine sustainable development for humanitarian response and climate politics as well as policies for the next fifteen years. They focus on development from a climate change and gender equality point of view, in particular how the policies are enabling ‘gender equality', taking common but differentiated responsibilities, and equity, justice and fairness as principles.
Girls Building Androids and Robots
Authors: Götz Maya , Nastasia Diana Iulia , Johnson J. J.
Published: July 2018

There is still a considerable degree of catching up to do in regards to fostering gender equality within areas of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math). Children's leading medium, television, could offer role models of girls with competence in STEM areas, but unfortunately television programs often miss this chance. The children's television series Annedroids is a notable exception. This chapter provides insight into how children can be educated about gender equality in STEM with the aid of gender-sensitive media programs such as Annedroids. The chapter examines data from a reception study which was conducted under the leadership of the International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) with 6- to 12-year-old children in the United States and Canada (N = 301). The research is enhanced by a conversation between Dr. Maya Götz, Head of IZI; Dr. Diana Nastasia, a contributor to the IZI research; and J. J. Johnson, the program's creator.
Maasai Girls' Subjectivities and the Nexus of Gender Justice and Education Rights Discourse
Authors: Koissaba Serena
Published: July 2018

Global development discourse around the interplay between social justice and childhood issues are complicated when interpreting these ideas contextually through translocational gender and cultural lenses. This chapter attempted to address some of the following questions: How do international gender and education interventions problematize the transition for Maasai girls as they transition from childhood to adulthood? Can Amartya Sen's ‘capability framework, work effectively for African children in Kenya who by their cultural norms become adults before the age of 18? In what ways are the social justice schemes producing disaggregated cultural structures for Maasai Girls? This chapter, therefore examined how Maasai girls' subjectivities are affected by gender and education rights mediation through Amartya Sen's ‘capabilities approach' and a human rights framework. The experiences and perspectives of female subjects have seemingly been distorted within feminist and geopolitical rhetoric. Transnational feminism in this work is positioned as a postcolonial project that employs theories of human rights, capabilities, and multiculturalism as lenses in which to interrogate practices of erasures of voice and representation of active participants within the movement, but reconsider what feminist theory can do to move the conversation away from male-centric ideologies.
Institutions, Gender, and Entrepreneurship in Latin America
Authors: Urbano David , Aparicio Sebastian , Noguera Maria
Published: July 2018

This chapter seeks to explore the institutional effects on the probability of becoming an entrepreneur, for both women and men, among a low-income level population, in the context of Latin American countries. By using institutional economics, it is hypothesized that personal autonomy, membership of an art or music organization, membership of a religious organization, and secondary educational environment have a positive effect on the probability of becoming self-employed, for both female and male. The World Values Survey (at individual level) and the World Development Indicators (at country level) provide the main information to empirically assess the influence of institutions on low-income self-employment. The findings from probit models suggest that personal autonomy, membership of an art or music organization, and secondary educational environment are factors defining the context in which women and men become entrepreneurs. Public strategies regarding gender equality are discussed.
Gender and Self-Selection Among Engineering Students
Authors: Cook Maci , Chimka Justin
Published: July 2018

Gender and graduation rates of first time engineering college students have been analyzed as a function of academic and demographic variables in order to investigate the hypothesis that an advantage to women with respect to student success might be attributed to their socioeconomic advantages as a student population. The authors present descriptive, graphical, and model-based evidence to support their ideas about gender and self-selection driven by other demographic factors that leave a disproportionate number of women out of higher education, but create a group of female students more likely than their male counterparts to succeed.
Challenges and Changing Attitudes for Chinese Women Seeking PhDs
Authors: Lin Xi , Baker Barbara A.
Published: July 2018

Despite ongoing challenges that hinder educational improvement and professional promotion, highly educated women are making significant contributions in China. Chinese women often experience discrimination and pressures during their educations and within university settings. They are sometimes overlooked for training opportunities and promotion, and they are frequently denied the same funding allocations as their male counterparts. The purpose of this discussion is to explore enduring attitudes that have historically led to these challenges and to enlighten those who are interested in the struggles, successes, and contributions of highly educated Chinese women.
Cyberbullying and Traditional Bullying
Authors: Myers Zachary R. , Swearer Susan M. , Martin Meredith J. , Palacios Raul
Published: July 2018

This study sought to advance the authors' understanding of the relationship between traditional bullying (i.e., verbal and physical) and cyberbullying. Data were collected from 1,182 participants, ages 13 to 25 (M = 19.66; SD = 3.03) from 75 different countries via an on-line, world-wide survey. Results found that participants experienced both in-person bullying and cyberbullying (i.e., poly-victimization). Additionally, bisexual, pansexual, or queer participants reported more frequent cyberbullying victimization when compared to both heterosexual and gay or lesbian participants. Sexual minority participants also reported victimization through significantly more electronic sources. Specifically, gay and lesbian, bisexual, pansexual, and queer participants reported higher numbers of victimization modalities when compared to heterosexual participants. Results from this study expand the authors' awareness of the poly-victimization experiences of youth and young adults and fill in important gaps in understanding these experiences for diverse sexual orientations and gender identities.
Gender Differences in Motivations to Use Social Networking Sites
Authors: Noguti Valeria , Singh Sonika , Waller David S.
Published: July 2018

This chapter investigates gender differences in motivations to use social networking sites (SNS), a subset of social media. The present research focuses on Facebook given its prominence among currently available SNS. Analysing a survey of university students in Australia, the results indicate that female consumers are more likely than male consumers to use Facebook to seek information (to research and learn new things and to discuss products and brands) and for convenience (to obtain things with little effort). Both of these reasons in turn relate positively to their degree of engagement on Facebook, where engagement is operationalized as cognitive absorption which is a state of deep involvement with an activity.
Does Demographics Affect Purchase Frequency in Online Retail?
Authors: Kalia Prateek
Published: July 2018

This research determines whether association exist between the demographic characteristics of online shoppers, such as education, age, gender, monthly income, occupation, marital status and their online purchase frequency. Web survey has been applied to 308 customers of four most popular e-retailers in India, who have made at least one online purchase in past six months. Based on extensive literature review hypotheses have been developed for six demographic factors i.e. education, age, income, occupation, marital status and gender. A chi-square test has been deployed to check association between demographic factors and purchase frequency. Significant association has been found between two demographic variables i.e. gender, occupation and purchase frequency. Further, a chi-square post hoc test via standard residual method confirmed that purchase frequency of 1-3 times in past six months by student customers contributes significantly to significant omnibus chi-square statistic.
The Public Veil
Authors: Slough Hannah , Anderson David
Published: July 2018

As women take on increasingly prominent roles in politics, it is critical to understand the gendered nature of public voice within the ideological messaging process as well as its historical roots. This chapter contends that, in order to gain a legitimate voice in politics, a field that continues to be dominated by men, females must project a public yet carefully “veiled” image that is both “strong” and “feminine” in their writing and speaking. They must appear to be “strong women”. To create this image, they must balance male expectations of authoritative appearance with male expectations of appropriate femininity. Based on a comparative analysis of ancient Greek and Roman writers alongside modern female political voices, this chapter illustrates how women achieve this balance using four strategies in their written and spoken texts: conveying a constrained sexuality; using masculine metaphors; addressing feminine themes; and employing gender inversion. These strategies can be characterized as “gender bilinguality” and this bilinguality has been present since classical antiquity.
Western Female Migrants to ISIS
Authors: Saltman Erin Marie
Published: July 2018

Women have long been a blind spot for security, academic and think tank sectors in relation to the growing threat of global extremism. The recent spike in female recruitment to the terrorist organisation, Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), is a strong indicator of this dangerous trend. While often assumed to be passive agents, women continue to play strong roles in online and offline recruitment to violent extremist organisations. However, women can also act as strong counter-extremism agents in the fight against radicalisation and terrorism. Looking at the issue of gender, there is a new ability through online research to retrieve valuable insight into terrorist strategies around recruitment of women from online propaganda. This chapter aims to address questions of gender within current radicalisation trends through an analysis of online data, and through tracking Western females who are migrating to territories under the control of ISIS.
Diversity and Inclusion in Ontario Universities
Authors: Songsore Emmanuel , Buzzelli Michael
Published: July 2018

In relation to institutional-level policy and planning, the Province of Ontario signed strategic mandate agreements (henceforth, SMAs) with all 45 publicly funded colleges and universities. The SMA planning process is a comprehensive, province-wide exercise that identifies the respective strengths of each university and directions for growth and development. This chapter reports findings from a qualitative analysis of SMAs that was conducted to understand priorities for diversity and inclusion in the province's universities. This chapter finds that the general focus remains on promoting diversity and inclusion in the international and Indigenous contexts. In these contexts, universities are making a range of efforts to support international and Indigenous students and enhance overall learning by internationalizing and indigenizing curriculum. Surprisingly, very little emphasis is placed on diversity and inclusion in the faculty and staff context within all SMA documents. The chapter concludes with recommendations for institutions seeking to bolster diversity and inclusion.
Gender Fluidity in the Age of Technologically Mediated Environments
Authors: Hickman Mary-Kate , Ozuem Wilson , Okoya Jummy
Published: July 2018

Gender is a concept that has evolved with time, varying its meaning and relevance regularly. Today, it manifests across many facets of life. Whilst theories of gender began as a device to categorise individuals and groups, these have evolved into a broad, complex system of identification to describe the uniqueness of the individual. Central to the discussion of gender is the question of how we can understand human conduct and experience in technologically laden marketing environments. Drawing on extant theories, the current chapter examines how the technologically mediated marketing environment (TMME) is increasingly challenging fashion and luxury marketers to reconsider their marketing communications strategies, particularly with the impact of evolving Internet technologies such as social media platforms. The concluding section offers further agenda for future research.
History of Infectious Diseases
Authors: Sato Maria Ines Zanoli
Published: July 2018

This chapter provides a review of infectious disease to date and the challenges they may present in the future. The main pandemics that have driven the history of humanity are described, from the first to be recorded in 3180 BC to more recent ones such as AIDIS, SARS and others associated with emerging pathogens. The essential role of emerging scientific specialisms (particularly microbiology, public health and sanitary engineering) to our understanding of the causes of these diseases (and how they may be better monitored, controlled and prevented) is presented. Globalization and climate change, determining factors for the ecology of infectious diseases and their emergence and re-emergence, are discussed and point to the urgent need for research to deal with these threats that continue to have a significant impact on human development and wellbeing.
Home Care Systems for the Management of Patients With Mental Disorders
Authors: Haritou Maria , Koutsouris Dimitris
Published: July 2018

This chapter provides an overview of the various aspects involved in the development of a home care system for the management of dementia, based on the experience of ALADDIN implementation. The ALADDIN platform aims to provide a trustworthy and reliable solution supporting patients and their informal carers in the management of the disease from home. Based on a set of monitoring parameters and measuring scales feeding a reconfigurable Event Detection mechanism used for Risk Assessment and Analysis, the system aims to early detect symptoms predicting decline, avoid emergencies and secondary effects and thus prolong the period that patients can remain safely cared at home. Informal carers are also monitored by the system whereas additional features supporting networking, education and cognitive stimulation are also integrated along with decision support tools for the clinicians. It is an open, secure, interoperable, integrated IT-solution designed according to Service Oriented Architecture principles and credible methodologies for patient follow-up, risk detection and adaptive care.
Development of Web GIS Based Framework for Public Health Management System Using ERDAS Apollo 2010
Authors: Verma Shipra
Published: July 2018

This paper proposes a framework for an essential creation of a public health information visualization platform, for Japanese Encephalitis (JE) disease outbreaks in the Gorakhpur district, India. The Web GIS technology is used with ERDAS Apollo 2010 software at customized level, to develop architecture for Web GIS-based public health information systems. A GUI has been created using Java Server Pages (JSP) for its customization. This will help in extending the benefit of GIS and Web technology for public availability in the area for preparation of the health plan in multitier system.
Management of Tacit Knowledge and the Issue of Empowerment of Patients and Stakeholders in the Health Care Sector
Authors: Jacquinet Marc , Curado Henrique , Nobre Ângela Lacerda , Sousa Maria José , Arraya Marco , Pimenta Rui , Martins António Eduardo
Published: July 2018

There is a growing literature on health and health care dedicated to empowerment of patients; but there is still a gap in the literature to conceptualize knowledge, to extend the discussion of the empowerment of the patients to the stakeholders. The discussion is at the level of managerial processes of empowerment and knowledge management related to health care. The present chapter starts with a review on empowerment, especially focused on the health sector. The following sections will develop a critical analysis of empowerment, mainly around the concept of tacit knowledge (Polanyi) and knowledge management. One key variable is the proximity of the actors involved in the empowerment process. This key variable is very much related to the tacitness issue of knowledge production and flows. The chapter extends the discussion of the empowerment of the patients to that of the stakeholders and the general debate about health literacy. A model is briefly described for the purpose of illustrating the learning process in a knowledge management implemented in health care.
Exploring the Spread of Zika
Authors: Ola Oluwakemi , Buchel Olha , Sedig Kamran
Published: July 2018

Vector-borne diseases pose a major public health threat. Combined, these diseases contribute significantly to illness and mortality worldwide and have an adverse impact on development and economic growth of nations. Public health stakeholders seeking to control and prevent these diseases are confronted with a myriad of challenges. Some of these difficulties are related to the nature of the data, the uncertainty of disease dynamics, and volatility of human-environment interactions. Visualization tools are capable of ameliorating some of these challenges. In this paper, the authors demonstrate how interactive visualizations can support stakeholders' decision-making tasks. In particular, they present a visualization tool they created that can support control efforts related to the recent Zika outbreak in Brazil.
Toward Integrating Healthcare Data and Systems
Authors: Ziminski Timoteus B. , Demurjian Steven A. , Sanzi Eugene , Agresta Thomas
Published: July 2018

The adoption of health information systems and the integration of healthcare data and systems into efficient cross-institutional collaboration workflows of stakeholders (e.g., medical providers such as physicians, hospitals, clinics, labs, etc.) is a challenging problem for the healthcare domain. This chapter studies the way that well-established software engineering concepts and architectural styles can be employed to satisfy requirements of the healthcare domain and ease health information exchange (HIE) between stakeholders. Towards this goal, this chapter proposes a hybrid HIE architecture (HHIEA) that leverages the studied styles that include service-oriented architecture, grid computing, publish/subscribe paradigm, and data warehousing to allow the health information systems of stakeholders to be integrated to facilitate collaboration among medical providers. To demonstrate the feasibility and utility of the HHIEA, a realistic regional healthcare scenario is introduced that illustrates the interactions of stakeholders across an integrated collection of health information systems.
Mining of Medical Trends Using Social Networks
Authors: Kohli Shruti , Saini Sonia
Published: July 2018

Recent work in machine learning and natural language processing has studied the content of health related information in tweets and demonstrated the potential for extracting useful public health information from their aggregation. Social intelligence derived from health content has become of significant importance for various applications, including post-marketing drug surveillance, competitive intelligence, medicine reviews and to assess health-related opinions and sentiments. Further, the quantity of medical information in the media such as tweets on Twitter, Facebook or medical blogs is growing at an exponential rate. Medical data such as health records, drug data, etc. has become major candidates for Big Data analysis and thus exploring this content has become a necessity for organizations. However, the volume, velocity, variety, and quality of online health information present challenges, necessitating enhanced facilitation mechanisms for medical social computing. The objective of this chapter is to discuss the possibility of mining medical trends using Social Networks.
Interactive Digital Mobile Gaming as a Strategic Tool in the Fight Against Childhood Obesity
Authors: Lamboglia Carminda Goersch , Carvalho Lucas de Moura , Filho Jose Eurico de Vasconcelos , Lopes de Sousa Francisco Cristiano , Silva Carlos Bruno
Published: July 2018

The introduction of new technologies into childrenʼs daily routines is in many cases associated with negative health impacts. However, technology may also be used to promote healthy practices by way of so-called serious games. Several studies have confirmed that the use of such tools can result in significant health gains, the adoption of healthy eating habits, the practice of an active lifestyle, increased energy expenditure and decreased adiposity. In this context, the authors report a case study that portrays the process of designing and developing an interactive digital mobile game, designed to motivate children to adopt exercise and healthy eating habits. The player interacts with the game through health metrics, the evolution of the main character, notifications/messages about healthy foods and exercise, and virtual and real-life rewards. The development of a health promotion game is not a simple task and requires a multidisciplinary team.
Open Source Technology for Medical Practice in Developing Countries
Authors: Chavez Afton , Kovarik Carrie
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the role of open source technologies within medical practice in developing countries. First, the background and meaning of “open source” principles is explored. Second, several fields of open source implementation are described. These include open source software, hardware, and digital content. Within each field, specific case studies are given to illustrate how the technologies have been adapted to the developing world for usage in information and communication sharing, electronic data management, mobile data collection, disease mapping, scholarly publication, and education. The issues and controversies, as well as future research directions and solutions are addressed.
Population Health Management and Cervical Cancer Screening Programs
Authors: Moumtzoglou Anastasius , Pouliakis Abraham
Published: July 2018

Population Health Management (PHM) aims to provide better health outcomes for preventing diseases, closing care gaps and providing more personalized care. Since the inception of the Pap test, cervical cancer (CxCa) decreased in countries applying screening programs, involving both prevention and treatment. In this chapter, we map a PHM roadmap to CxCa screening programs, examine the effect of supporting information technology systems, and propose a suitable architecture for implementation. Notwithstanding screening programs have a tight relation to PHM; the mapping reveals numerous interventions involving additional data sources, and timeless reconfiguration. Today, the use of open source platforms allows the implementation of IT systems supporting CxCa screening, when employed in a multitier web-based architecture.
Impact of Facebook Ads for Sexual Health Promotion via an Educational Web App
Authors: Gabarron Elia , Luque Luis Fernandez , Schopf Thomas Roger , Lau Annie Y.S. , Armayones Manuel , Wynn Rolf , Serrano J. Artur
Published: July 2018

Background: The authors present a case study of a public health campaign, including social media, and aiming at maximizing the use of web app on sexual health. Objective: To analyze the impact of a Facebook fan page, Facebook advertisements, and posters to maximize the number of visits to the educational web app. Methods: The campaign is assessed for 1 year, using data tracked through Facebook statistics and Google Analytics. Results: The site had 3670 visits (10.1 visitors/day, 95%CI 8.7-11.4). During the one-month Facebook Ads campaign, the site received 1263 visits (42.1 visitors/day, 95%CI 37.3-46.9), multiplying by over four the average number of visitors/day. 34.4% of all the participants were recruited during the one-month Facebook ads campaign. Conclusions: Facebook advertisements seem to be a good tool to promote an educational web app on sexual health targeting youth, and to reach a huge number of users rapidly and at a low cost.
Web Healthcare Applications in Poland
Authors: Sołtysik-Piorunkiewicz Anna , Furmankiewicz Małgorzata , Ziuziański Piotr
Published: July 2018

This publication consists three main areas of interest: management of patient information in Polish health care system, novel ideas and recent trends on healthcare Web-based applications in Poland and healthcare information behavior of users of self-diagnosis and self-treatment systems in Poland. The methodology adopted includes a literature review for the utilization of Web-based healthcare applications in Poland as well as the trends of medical information systems and healthcare system in Poland. Furthermore the results of a survey research for the management of patient information in Poland are provided. Respondents have been asked about their interested and experiences on the new Polish information electronic health record system or others information systems dedicated to the management of the healthcare processes in Poland. Also another survey researches are presented. Respondents have been asked which internet tools they use for self-treatment and self-diagnosis and are also asked to rate their credibility.
Generic Drugs in the Pharmaceutical Market
Authors: Rozano Mercedes
Published: July 2018

Over the past three decades, marketing has increased its interest in studying the role of generic products in the pharmaceutical sector, one that has only recently incorporated the concept of “generic” products, compared to others such as the mass market. Since the emergence of generic products as one of national brands' main competitors, these have shown significant growth in both their market share, as well as in new product categories. Initially, the concept of generic products was limited to categories of packaged foods and later extended to categories such as medicine. Pharmaceutical market presents an opportunity to analyze the expansion of the “generic” concept, in a strongly regulated framework. In Europe, different policies have resulted in a varying development of generic market shares. Today, the sustainability of health system is a matter of increasing concern to European governments. Generic drugs offer an opportunity to contain pharmaceutical expenditures, since generic price are lower than their original brand equivalent. Developing this market is the main objective.
Applied Business Intelligence in Surgery Waiting Lists Management
Authors: Neto Cristiana , Dias Inês , Santos Maria , Peixoto Hugo , Machado José
Published: July 2018

With the advent of computer science in hospitals, Electronic Health Record comes up, with the aim of bringing the new information technologies to the hospital environment with the promise not only to replace the paper process, but also to improve and provide better patient care. The operationalization of the EHR in supporting evidence-based practice, complex and conscientious decision-making, and improving the quality of healthcare delivery has been supported by the Business Intelligence (BI) technology. Since the beginning of the 1990s, the Portuguese health system has been confronted with a chronic problem, waiting time for surgery, due to inability to respond to demand for surgical therapy. Therefore, using business intelligence and information, obtained with the construction of dashboards, can help, for example, allocating hospital resources and reducing waiting times.
Research 2.0
Authors: Spilker Maria J. , Silva Maria Paula , Morgado Lina
Published: July 2018

This chapter highlights two moments of the research cycle, gathering and making sense of information and receiving insights from peers as well as performing a dissemination of results, focusing on key competences of researchers 2.0. Content curation is a strategy to manage information and improve Personal Knowledge Management, and it is crucial for the research work, which demands specific (digital) competences from the researcher. The use of Web 2.0 tools at academic conferences is an example of a competence mastered by researchers. Conferences are spaces for sharing knowledge and for networking. Their main functions can be potentiated through means like social media, allowing the development and/or strengthening of researchers 2.0 core competencies, such as collaborative work, proficiency in handling emerging technologies for research, and efficient dissemination of research results.
Change Management in the Academic Library
Authors: Adebayo Oyeronke , Fagbohun Michael Opeoluwa , Esse Ugwunwa Chinyere , Nwokeoma Nwanne Mary
Published: July 2018

The introduction of ICT has no doubt changed and redefined the way and manner in which library operations are carried out. In this chapter, the phenomenon of change management was discussed and Unfreeze-Change-Refreeze model was adopted. The chapter also delved into the management of change in academic libraries, types of Digital library collections, access mode to digital collections, the need for transition from print to digital collections, the need to reposition library tools, resources and expertise, need for accessibility of collections by user, the need and benefits for preservation of digital resources, health and safety policies and prospect of change management. Despite the great achievements recorded in academic libraries due to change in operations, there is still another side to the coin. Issues such as techno stress which is a technology related health problem came to the fore. Other challenges such as increase in expenditure, staffing issues, etc. also surfaced.
Web Content Management in Institutions of Higher Learning in Emerging Economies
Authors: Wanyembi Gregory Wabuke
Published: July 2018

This chapter aims at examining the concept of content management (CM) and the need to identify it as a global best practice in light of its emergence in modern organizations, and specifically so in the context of institutions of higher learning in developing economies. The chapter also examines a number of models and approaches used in the adaptation of web content management systems (CMS), which provide a guide to the separation of digital content that is relevant to an institution of higher learning and also point out relevant management issues. The merits and demerits of these approaches are discussed. The stages in Content Life Cycle (CLC), information architecture and infostructure, quality of good online content, types of content suitable for a website, and are discussed. Content management tools and system have also been covered in some detail, which offers an institution part of the solution that they require to effectively manage and maintain their content. The chapter concludes with a set of recommendations and points at possible areas for further research.
Enhancing the Cultural Heritage Between Visual Technologies and Virtual Restoration
Authors: Ippoliti Elena , Calvano Michele
Published: July 2018

Enhancement of the cultural heritage is not simply a matter of preserving material objects but comes full circle only when the heritage can be enjoyed and used by the community. This is the rationale behind this paper: the application to exploring projects for the Casa del Fascio (Fascist Party Office) and the building complex of Foro Mussolini in Littoria (now Latina), by the architect Oriolo Frezzotti. Starting with consistent iconographic documentation integrated with bibliographic research and comparison with similar cases, the historical process was retraced and interpreted, reconstructed three-dimensional hypotheses of the figural unity were formulated, and interactive application was created. The application refers to the area of “virtual restoration”, the only possibility for non-material histories and works, a field in which visual technologies can prolong the critical “eye” to which recomposition of the figural combination is entrusted.
Preservation Initiatives in E-Environment to Protect Information Assets
Authors: Nazir Tawfeeq
Published: July 2018

The libraries have been slow to commence an action to preserve scholarly journals' content. Since the appearance of e-resources and consortium, there has been serious thinking of digital preservation. There have been continued and concerted efforts for preservation of e-resources and as such digital preservation of subscribed consortium content remains a serious threat for the consortia administrators. This study investigates the global initiatives taken to ensure access to perpetuity to electronic resources.
The Minimum Mandatory Metadata Sets for the KIM Project and RAIDmap
Authors: Ball Alexander , Darlington Mansur , McMahon Christopher
Published: July 2018

A Minimum Mandatory Metadata Set (M3S) was devised for the KIM (Knowledge and Information Management Through Life) Project to address two challenges. The first was to ensure the project's documents were sufficiently self-documented to allow them to be preserved in the long term. The second was to trial the M3S and supporting templates and tools as a possible approach that might be used by the aerospace, defence and construction industries. A different M3S was devised along similar principles by a later project called REDm-MED (Research Data Management for Mechanical Engineering Departments). The aim this time was to help specify a tool for documenting research data records and the associations between them, in support of both preservation and discovery. In both cases the emphasis was on collecting a minimal set of metadata at the time of object creation, on the understanding that later processes would be able to expand the set into a full metadata record.
Plasmodium falciparum Histidine-Rich Protein 2 Gene Variation in a Malaria-Endemic Area of Papua New Guinea
Authors: Willie Nigani , Zimmerman Peter A. , Mehlotra Rajeev K.
Published: July 2018

Histidine-rich protein 2 of Plasmodium falciparum (PfHRP2) forms the basis of many current malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). It is concerning that there are parasites that lack part or all of the pfhrp2 gene, and thus do not express the PfHRP2 protein; such parasites are not identifiable by PfHRP2-detecting RDTs. Very limited information is available regarding pfhrp2 genetic variation in Papua New Guinea (PNG). In the present study, this gene variation was evaluated using 169 samples previously collected from the Wosera area in East Sepik Province of PNG. Molecular diagnosis of these samples showed that 81% were infected, and P. falciparum was present in 91% of those infected samples. One hundred and twenty samples were amplified for pfhrp2 exon-2, from which 12 randomly selected amplicons were sequenced, yielding 18 sequences, all of which were unique. Baker repeat type 2 × type 7 numbers ranged from 0 to 108. Epitope mapping analysis revealed that three major epitopes, DAHHAHHA, AHHAADAHHA, and AHHAADAHH, were present in high prevalence and frequencies. These major epitopes have been shown to be recognized by the monoclonal antibodies 3A4 and PTL-3 (DAHHAHHA), C1-13 (AHHAADAHHA), and S2-5 and C2-3 (AHHAADAHH). This study provides further information on the high genetic variation of pfhrp2 and its unclear relationship with prediction of RDT detection sensitivity, and identifies major epitopes in this gene from PNG. These results could be relevant and useful to understand the genetic diversity of this gene and the performance of current and future RDTs in this malarious region of the world.
The Effect of Nonrandom Mating on Wolbachia Dynamics: Implications for Population Replacement and Sterile Releases in Aedes Mosquitoes
Authors: Yeap Heng Lin , Endersby-Harshman Nancy Margaret , Hoffmann Ary Anthony
Published: July 2018

Wolbachia bacteria are known to cause deviations from random mating and affect sperm competition (SC) in some of their arthropod hosts. Because these effects could influence the effectiveness of Wolbachia in mosquito population replacement and suppression programs, we developed a theoretical framework to investigate them and we collected relevant data for the wMel infection in Aedes aegypti. Using incompatibility patterns as a measure of mating success of infected versus uninfected mosquitoes, we found some evidence that uninfected males sire more offspring than infected males. However, our theoretical framework suggests that this effect is unlikely to hamper Wolbachia invasion and has only minor effects on population suppression programs. Nevertheless, we suggest that mating effects and SC need to be monitored in an ongoing manner in release programs, given the possibility of ongoing selection for altered mating patterns.
How to design the metro network for maximal accessibility potential? A comparative analysis of Shanghai.
Authors: Zhang Lingzhu , CHIARADIA Alain
Published: July 2018

In Shanghai, the high-capacity metro network has been proved to play an important role in the urban movement and urban morphology generating pattern. Previous studies on the metro network analysis such as London Underground network (Chiaradia, 2005) and Shanghai Metro network (Zhang, 2014) have shown that topological configuration of metro network can explain at least 50% of entry/exit movement at metro stations. The Shanghai metro network uses a core ring (Inner ring Line 4) to encircle a core of stations which are characterized by higher line connectivity. Branches radiate from the core and reach further areas of the urban system. However, the core lines and stations have over-congested especially at peak time, at the same time, the link mean distance doesn’t minimized because the inner ring core is not big enough for the ever growing metro network. How should the network be designed to achieve best accessibility potential? Through the use of sDNA (spatial design network analysis) and geographic information system, this paper compared current 2016 and planned 2020 Shanghai metro network (Fig 1). There was an increase of 23% in the metro station amount, however, the mean distance only decreased by 2.6%, and the line connectivity increased by 0.68%. Inspired by the Shanghai City Planning 2015-2040 which will reserve place for a ring-shaped metro line near mid-ring, and by the two orbital rail rings for the Greater Paris, we did a comparison between 4 network plans based on the 2016 network: a) a mid-ring line added; b)a mid-ring line & mid-ring express line added; c) two ellipse rings added; d) two ellipse rings & ellipse express lines added (Fig 2). The results showed that the plan D works best for minimizing mean distance and maximizing line connectivity, followed by plan C, plan B, and plan A. Two ellipse rings and express lines led to a reduction of more than 30% of network mean distance and an increase of 18.5% of line connectivity, corresponding to only 13% increase of the metro station amount. The proposed approach enables us to configurationally examine urban metro network accessibility potential and provides decision support for urban development.