bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stabilizing Wave Attenuation Effects In High-Speed Metal Cutting
Authors: Ozoegwu C. G. , Chukwuneke J.L. , Okokpujie I.P. , Babaremu K. O.
Published: December 2019

Theory of chatter-suppressing wave attenuation effects in high-speed metal cutting process is presented in this work. Analysis shows that rise in natural frequency of cutting tool leads to rise in the wave attenuating forces. This result leads to the postulation that rise in natural frequency suppresses high-speed chatter instability. The theory is based on the assumption of very short free-flight of cutting tool, and shown to fail when this assumption is violated. The concluding opinion becomes that the resistance of a high-speed tool to chatter stems from both structural damping and wave attenuation effects.
GatingPractices in Nigerian Research and Training Institutes: Case Study of Lagos State
Authors: Adefuye O. A , Orisaleye J.I , Lawal O.I , Fadipe O. L
Published: December 2019

Foundry practice have existed in Nigeria for centuries. However, for the development of the practice, know-how and skills must be developed. Personnel must be trained at all levels. In this study, the practices in foundries of research and academic institutions involved in foundry within Lagos state were investigated. Investigations were carried out by on-site study of the foundries and also by means of questionnaires investigating various aspects of foundry practice. From responses obtained, it was shown that the capacity of foundries to produce technically sound castings is very low. Simple steps capable of increasing the quality and reproducibility of the castings were suggested. It was concluded that students’ learning and local foundry practice can be enhanced by upgrading foundries in research and educational institutions to current global best practices.
Designing Optimized Organic Rankine Cycles Systems for Waste Heat-to-Power Conversion of Gas Turbine Flue Gases
Authors: Fakeye A.B. , Oyedepo S. O.
Published: December 2019

The focus of this work is to develop a flexible ORC design procedure that compares thermo-economic performances of simple and recuperative ORCs for both subcritical and supercritical cycles through a multi-objective optimization that relates the economic parameters to the network output for waste heat-to-power conversion of exhaust gases. Few researches have proposed rather simpler methods by modifications to the Jacob number (Ja) but these are insufficient to make technical and economic decisions on the subject matter as Ja is only appropriate for comparing performances of different working fluids at the same operating condition. Coupled with the barrier on the minimum temperature the exhaust gases from power plants may attain, the use of Ja as the only criteria is not sufficient for varying operating condition presented by Gas Turbine power plants. Hence, this review presents follow-through numerical methodology for designing adapted ORC for waste heat-to-power energy conversion.
Microstructure and anti-corrosion properties of near equi-atomic Ti25Si25Al20Mo20Ni10 High Entropy Alloy synthesized via Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Kanyane L. R. , Malatji N. , Popoola A.P.I , Fayomi O.S.I
Published: December 2019

Materials operating at extreme conditions where they are exposed to corrosive environment can be realised in everyday applications. Suffer from corrosion due to acidic environment is still a challenge. Efforts have been made in material design to produce a suitable chemical plants material which can resist corrosion. High Entropy Alloys (HEAs) have been reported to exhibit enhanced mechanical and corrosion properties even at elevated temperatures. In this work, Al20Ti25Si25Mo20Ni10 HEA with outstanding corrosion and microhardness properties was developed by means of spark plasma sintering technique (SPS) was synthesized. The effect of sintering temperature was investigated on microstructure, densification, microhardness and corrosion resistance properties of the synthesized alloy. The microstructural evolution and phase identification were characterized using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) respectively. Ordered FCC and BCC systems were identified along with clearly defined crystal grains along with Mo, Ti and Si rich regions. No cracks or initiation of stress were revealed from the microstructures. Maximum relative densities of 98.4% resulted in microhardness of 960.09 HV were achieved at sintering temperature of 1000°C. The Ti25Si25 Al20Mo20Ni10 HEA fabricated at 1000°C displayed a higher polarization value of 3477 Ω.
Seismic Retrofitting: A preparatory approach against the forecasted quakes in the South-Western Part of Nigeria.
Authors: Oluwafemi John , Ede Anthony , Ofuyatan Olatokunbo , Bankole Deborah , Oyebisi Solomon , Atoyebi Olumoyewa
Published: December 2019

The seismic record of Nigeria shows the occurrences of quakes that range from small to medium magnitude as against the belief of some people that Nigeria is aseismic. Researchers in Nigeria have also recently raised alarm that devastating earthquake is likely to be experienced in the nearest future with attention drawn to the south west in Nigeria. The historical seismic data as published in this work had the sizes of quakes presented using the intensity scale. To further give us clarity into the actual sizes of the documented quakes, the intensities were converted to local magnitudes, hence the minimum and maximum quakes ever witnessed in Nigeria were ascertained to be 3.3Ml and 6.5Ml. In response to the seismic alerts and forecast results targeted at the south-west region of Nigeria, seismic retrofitting is recommended for the existing structures along the seismic fault in the south west while the response results published in the works of [1] is recommended as guides to the designs of subsequent structures along the fault in the south west so as to establish safety just if the forecasted quake is experienced.
Inhibition of Mild Steel Corrosion using Binary Mixture of Sesame and Castor Oil
Authors: Oguntade Tomiwa I. , Ita Christiana S. , Oyekunle Daniel T. , Oni Tobi P. , Ojo Temiloluwa , Ekere Isaac E.
Published: December 2019

Mild steel is utilized as a prominent metal in the construction of equipment’s such as pipes and storage tanks in the oil and gas industry. It is vulnerable to a high rate of corrosion attack which has led to great losses and damages in the industry. The effect of corrosion attack on mild steel have continued to create a global interest on a means of controlling it. Different research have reported different ways of preventing corrosion, one of which involves the application of inhibitors on these structures. Previous research works have demonstrate the use of corrosion inhibitors as an effective means of reducing corrosion rate. This research study was to explore the efficiency of the binary mixture of castor and sesame oil as an organic corrosion inhibitor at different concentration of brine, volume of binary inhibitor and time. Minitab 17 was used as an optimization tool for the experimental procedure. The highest corrosion rate of 42.20 mm/yr was observed at 0.7 M brine solution, 19 mL volume of the binary inhibitor, over a period of 21 days. The lowest corrosion rate (3.01 mm/yr) was observed at 0.7 M brine solution, 23 ml of binary inhibitor and at 13 days. The results shows that the binary mixture of both castor and sesame oil is an effective and efficient organic inhibitor used in controlling corrosion.
Correlated respiratory indicators of Household waste burning practices in Lugbe – Abuja, Nigeria.
Authors: Igibah E.C. , Agashua L. O. , Sadiq A. A.
Published: December 2019

The household waste burning practice and effects of the waste burning emission on respiratory health of the populace in the Lugbe, Abuja happens regularly, though not well recorded. The aim of the study was to quantify the waste burning occurrence as well as investigate the correlation between waste burning practice and respiratory problem in Northern Nigeria with Lugbe as case study since is an example of country side settlement growing to urbanites. Questionnaire was utilized to accumulate information from houses in Lugbe - Abuja. Total of 60 participants were enrolled and their responses on household waste burning besides respiratory symptoms were investigated. The contributors stated that their neighbors burn waste habitually, with 43.5% and 32.4% of them from the central and rural zone respectively. The local waste authorities gathered garbage from 84.5% of these contributors once per week in the enlightened zone and central but rural is once monthly or not at all. The prevalent lower respiratory sign connected with waste burning was dehydrated cough (31.4%). For Lower and Upper health signs, the participants who participated in the practice of waste burning had a faintly higher prevalence of breath shortness (57%) and Water itchy eyes (49%) respectively. For each of lower and upper health signs, the trend is such that 6 months above is greater than immediately, which is greater than those of a month after. These results indicate that waste or bush burning impact on health is on the long – term basis.
The Effect of Evaporative Cooling System on the Storage of Citrus (Sweet Orange)
Authors: Babaremu K.O , Adekanye T.A , Okokpujie I.P , Omodara M.A , Fayomi J
Published: December 2019

Postharvest losses have been a very perpetual challenge facing the agricultural industries as most produce get spoilt after harvest owing to poor postharvest handlings. Several attempts have been made to eliminate this challenge ranging from transportation, packaging and storage. The panacea to this problem is still much work in progress. However, a developed cooler with a cooling efficiency of 86.01% which was immensely able to salvage the rapid deterioration challenge of fruits as ascertained through a seven days concurrent storage of sweet oranges in a cooler and ambient. The result shows that the cooler successfully improved the shelf life of the stored produce with about 4% weight loss of the stored citrus compared to the 9% weight loss of the ambient storage.
Design and Construction of a Pedal-Power Grinding mill
Authors: Stephen Oluwashola Akande , Mercy Ayodele
Published: December 2019

A pedal-power grinding mill has been designed and constructed. The machine is made of a chain drive mechanism. This mechanism is made up of sprocket, gear, pedal, chain, bearings, grinding disks, shaft and hopper for receiving the product to be milled. The pedal is used for generating torque for rotating the shaft and the grinding disk. This machine was designed as a low-cost solution for either no or inadequate electricity power supply from the electricity distribution company in the rural area and in some urban centers of Nigeria and other developing countries. The developed machine is economically viable and will reduce drudgery in using hand cranking for grinding agricultural product such as yam to produce yam flour, pepper, tomatoes, etc. The machine was observed to be effective in grinding tomatoes and can also be used for grinding other agricultural product.
Experimental and empirical study of diesel and biodiesel produced from blend of fresh vegetable and waste vegetable oil on density, viscosity, sulphur content and acid value
Authors: Samuel Olusegun D. , Oreko Benjamin U. , Oyejide Joel O. , Idi Stanley , Fayomi Ojo S. I.
Published: December 2019

Not quite long, researchers are motivated to explore the mixture of edible and inedible oils to improve fuel properties and reduce the cost of biodiesel production. Even though the tropics are renowned for abundant waste vegetable oil (WVO) generated from restaurant and food processing and frying shops, the fresh vegetable oil (FVO) seems to cause competition between food and fuel utilization if explored for biodiesel production. The current study attempted to derive one-dimensional models to determine key fuel characteristic of hybrid biodiesel-diesel fuel blends.Hybrid vegetable oil methyl ester (HVOME), which has been produced through alkaline transesterification was analyzed for important fuel properties and blended with diesel fuel (DF)) at 10, 20 and 40 on a volume basis. Standard methods as specified by (ASTM D6751) standards and the European standards (EN 14214) used. The effects of temperature and biodiesel content were investigated on viscosity were. Statistical regression technique was employed to derive one-dimensional models. The models were further adopted to correlate basic fuel properties with biodiesel blends. The kinematic viscosity, flash point and acid value increased while sulphur content decreased with increasing biodiesel fraction in HVOME-diesel blends. The kinematic viscosity of fuel blends decreased with the increasing temperature. The empirical models show high regression value (R2) between properties and HOVME-DF blend. In conclusion, the results of this study can be adopted for thermophysical property collection for hybrid feedstocks’ utilization and guide for regression modelling in biodiesel fuel industry.
Performance Evaluation of a Plate Encapsulated Salt Hydrate PCM Mixed with a Gel
Authors: Sibande N.E , Madyira D. M. , Babarinde T. O. , Kumirai T
Published: December 2019

An alternative method of cooling is required to meet cooling demands and simultaneously decrease conventional energy consumption. The current research aimed to investigate the feasibility of using a phase change material (PCM) in the form of a salt hydrate mixed with a CSIR-developed gel for PCM based cold storage that used nighttime cold to cool ambient air during the day. The experiments were conducted over a time period of three hours between 12:00 pm and 15:00 pm in the afternoon. The total temperature drops were found to be 3.8, 2.9 and 2.6 degrees for air flow rates of 0.03, 0.05 and 0.06kg/s respectively. The total energy transferred for each of the mass flow rates averaged 140.9, 144.4 and 158.9J for air flow rates of 0.03, 0.05 and 0.06kg/s respectively.
A short review on solar concentrator for energy generation in tropical coastal belt
Authors: Emetere M.E , Emetere J.M , Ometan O.O
Published: December 2019

The use of solar photovoltaic (PV) panel in highly convective tropical regions along the coastal belt has been reported to have low efficiency. Hence, the lifespan of the PV panel is endangered by different solar spectral absorbed by the solar cells. In this research, the solar collector was reviewed with the aim of recommending designs for solar farm operator or standalone user. It is recommended that solar collector could improve the use of solar energy to about 34% in highly convective tropical regions along the coastal belt.
A Proposed Unified Digital Id Framework for Access to Electronic Government Services
Authors: Geteloma V. , Ayo C. K. , Goddy-Wurlu R. N.
Published: December 2019

The concept of identification has always been of great significance in terms of connecting an individual to his/her community. Verifying the identity of a person (card or number) is vital for granting the right and secure access to numerous services embedded within an Electronic Government (e-Government). e-Government applications typically require the need for citizens to provide a form of digital identity (card or number) for access to numerous services, as against the multiplicity of existing ones that are used for different platforms in Nigeria today. Nigeria and other developing nations have not taken the optimum advantage of utilizing an all in one digital identity card for providing citizens with an array of e-Government services, as well as proper authentication methods for security, as recorded in highly innovative nations in the world today. This paper addresses two major challenges of identity management in Nigeria, which are poor authentication methods for access to services and inadequate management of multiple identification systems. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to propose a web-based digital identity system framework for accessing multiple e-Government services, which includes Electronic Voting, driver’s licence, Electronic Passport, Electronic Health and Electronic Payment. Also included in the framework is the authentication services, which utilizes Near Field Communication (NFC) smart cards, biometric data, and One Time Password (OTP) as a consistent and reliable means of identifying and authenticating the user’s access to the embedded e-Government services.
The Impact of Zn and Cu Reinforcements on Microstructural Enhancement and Performance of Laser Cladded Ti-Zn-Cu/Ti-6Al-4V Composite Coatings.
Authors: Fatoba O.S. , Akinlabi S. A. , Akinlabi E. T. , Mwema F. M.
Published: December 2019

The effects of zinc and copper reinforcements on Titanium alloy via Direct Laser Metal Deposition (DLMD) process was investigated. Process parameters had great influence on the microstructure, metallurgical evolution, tensile and yield strengths performance. The process parameters had a significant influence on these factors considered, including the morphology of the surface, density, hardness, evolution of the microstructure, accuracy of the fabricated coatings dimensions and the mechanical performance of the Titanium alloy components processed by DLMD. The results of the investigation showed that the hardness had increased in proportion to the increase of the processing laser power coupled with the increase velocity of the laser scan. Moreover, for a laser power equivalent to and exceeding 1000 W, the hardness became less susceptible to the laser power. Morphological observations along the side of the surface showed the prominence of the adhesive powder, flow path of the melt pool and the areas which overlapped, attributed to the increase of the laser scanning speed. When the laser scanning speed was increased it attributed to the grain width reduction of the prior beta and a transformation in shape of the martensitic primary alpha into fine needle-like structures. In terms of the yield and tensile performance, the results revealed that increasing the scan velocity was favourable to the property, showing that the mechanical performance became better at higher scanning speeds. At the set laser intensity of 1000 W and a 1.0 m/min laser scanning speed, the fabricated coatings enhanced with 48.03 % hardness, 47.42 % tensile strength and 29.81% yield strength.
Eco-friendly Inhibitors for Corrosion Protection of Stainless steel: An Overview
Authors: Sanni Omotayo , Sunday Isaac Fayomi Ojo , Patricia Idowu Popoola Abimbola
Published: December 2019

Corrosion is a major concern in the industrial application of ferrous alloys, this is as a result of the enormous cost involved in damages, maintenance and corrosion control. Stainless steels have high corrosion resistance capacity because of the existence of chromium, which forms a passive film layer of chromium-rich oxide in the presence of oxygen at lower temperatures; this forms a barrier against the surrounding. However, this layer could be damaged in aggressive environments. This necessitates attention from researchers worldwide for novel, cost effective, and environmental friendly corrosion prevention techniques. Inhibitors are extensively applied in the industry to minimize the corrosion degradation of metallic alloys; however, most inhibitors are hazardous and expensive. These toxic effects have led to the use of natural products as anticorrosion agents which are eco-friendly and harmless. This review briefly discusses some of the eco-friendly substances which are used as corrosion inhibitors for stainless steel in aggressive media.
Evaluation of Corrosive Behavior of Zinc Composite Coating on Mild Steel for Marine Applications
Authors: Abioye O. P , Musa A. J , Loto C. A , Fayomi O. S. I , Gaiya G. P
Published: December 2019

Mild Steel has various forms in which it can be used. It possesses mechanical properties and hence it has found various implementations in many sectors / industries. However, the downside of using mild steel is that it has a high susceptibility to corrosion. There are numerous techniques for protection of mild steel but Zinc electrodeposition techniques is the most preferred method for producing a suitable film coating for the appropriate protection of mild steel. The effect of deposition potential, current, bath composition (including temperature), deposition time and concentration on the structure and crystallinity of the films deposited was systematically studied from various literatures. Introducing zinc into the coating process significantly alters and improves the mechanical and chemical characteristics of mild steel.
Application of MIG and TIG Welding in Automobile Industry
Authors: Ogbonna O.S. , Akinlabi S.A. , Madushele N. , Mashinini P.M. , Abioye A. A.
Published: December 2019

Emission and weight reduction have been identified over the years by the automobile industries as the most efficient ways to maintain fuel economy and to meet the demand of the government agencies on global warming. These challenges of reducing emission and weight are even being compounded with consumers taste for luxury features which adds to the weight of the traditional vehicle designs. To meet these demands, alloys such are Aluminium Alloys, Magnesium Alloys and Titanium Alloys have been identified as the suitable materials to replace conventional steel structures due to their superior properties such as high strength-to-weight ratio, high tensile strength and high-temperature performance. With the identification of suitable materials to replace the traditional materials, the welding of alloy materials remains a challenge faced by vehicle manufacturers. Although electron beam welding, ultrasonic welding and friction stir welding have proven to give quality weld joints of alloys used in automobile fabrication, their application is limited by the high cost of equipment, need for vacuum environment in electron beam welding, size and shape of base metals. Laser welding with its reduced heat affected zone (HAZ), good seam appearance and deep penetration has widely been applied in an automobile. However, it is not with its own shortcomings such as poor gap bridging capability, difficulty in welding reflective materials and high cost. Arc welding with its low cost compared to other welding techniques and high energy efficiency, therefore, remains a useful welding process in an automobile. In this paper, a review of the various investigations by researchers on MIG and TIG welding of alloys used in the automobile have been documented.
Effect of Milling Time on the Morphological Evolution of Titanium Alloy Powder
Authors: Ogbonna O.S. , Akinlabi S.A. , Madushele N. , Mashinini P.M. , Afolalu A.S.
Published: December 2019

This work examines the influence of disc milling duration on the morphological transformation and crystal reorientation of titanium alloy powder with a particle size below 90 µm. The disc milling time was varied from 2 mins to 10 mins, the morphological features of the powders were characterized through the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). From the results, milling time had a significant effect on the morphology and the orientation of phases in the titanium alloy powder. The SEM images revealed a plate-like shape compared with the un-milled powder with a spheriodal shape. It was also observed that the flattening of the particles increased with milling time. This suggests that the powder is ductile. The oxygen content of the particles increased from 3.4 wt. % before milling to above 10 wt. %. XRD results showed that the milling time did not bring about a new phase and in the position of maximum diffraction intensity, which occurred at 2θ equal to approximately 40.6°. However, there was a decrease in the crystallite size while the lattice strain became higher as milling time increased.
Sodium Chloride Inhibits Acrylamide Formation During Deep Fat Frying Of Plantain
Authors: Omini J.J , Omotosho O.E , Akinyomi O.D
Published: December 2019

Processing is often essential in order for food to become comestible and delectable e.g. addition of salt to food during frying to improve its taste. Acrylamide is formed during processes which occur at high temperature. This study ascertains that sodium chloride (NaCl) prevents the formation of acrylamide. It also compares the effects of different concentrations of table salt on formation of acrylamide during deep frying process of plantain. Test samples were treated by immersion in 1%, 5% and 10% sodium chloride for 60 minutes at room temperature before frying. Fried and raw plantain samples were evaluated for their asparagine and acrylamide content. The results showed frying causes acrylamide synthesis in plantain. The acrylamide concentration decreased with reducing pH values and increasing sodium chloride concentration. At 5% and 1% concentration of NaCl, there was no significant difference in the amount of acrylamide formed. The result of this study also revealed that the concentration of acrylamide in plantain significantly decreased (p<0.05) by 98.9% in ripe plantain and 35.4 % in unripe with the addition of 10% sodium chloride. Hence, sodium chloride at a high concentration reduces the formation of acrylamide.
Synthesis and Characterization of Selected Starch Nanoparticles as Matrix Reinforcements for Low Density Polyethylene
Authors: Abioye A. A , Rotimi D. O , Fasanmi O. O , Abioye O. P , Afolalu S. A , Owoeye T. F , Ajayi O. O , Obuekwe C. C
Published: December 2019

The non-degradability of conventional petroleum-based plastics and their subsequent hazardous accumulation in the environment has resulted in the vital need to produce biodegradable polymer replacements.

The aim of this research was to convert locally sourced feedstock starches into nanoparticles for the purpose of modifying the matrix of Low-density polyethylene (LDPE), so as to enhance its biodegradability. The starches utilized are as follows; Zea mays (corn), Ipomoea batatas (potato), and Manihot esculenta (cassava).

Conversion to nanoparticles was achieved by a process called acid hydrolysis. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by microstructural tests such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The characterization results indicated that the acid hydrolysis process succeeded in the conversion of the starches to nanoparticles without affecting the chemical constituents and functional groups of the starches used.
Arduino Based Traffic Light System With Integrated LED Advertising Display
Authors: Olomo Rachael , Osemwegie Omoruyi
Published: December 2019

Rapid advancement in scientific knowledge and growth in worldwide economic activities has led to a steep rise in the volume of vehicular activity for human and product mobility hence leading to more road constructions. Vehicular Movement controls in addition to controllers are, therefore, a critical necessity of the modern – day society. Toward this end, this paper is aimed toward the design of microcontroller-based traffic control device taking as a case study the complex layout and linkage among the service roads of the Senate building and College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Nigeria. The Arduino platform is the microcontroller preference for this idea. Also, to make this idea more effective and productive, a Light Emitting Diode (LED) advertising displays has been incorporated into its implementation to take advantage of the red light wait time to disseminate useful information or facts.
Experimental Performance of a Domestic Refrigerator with TiO2-Nanoparticles Operating Within Selected Ambient Temperature
Authors: Akinlesi L. J. , Adelekan D. S. , Ohunakin O. S. , Atiba O. E. , Gill J. , Atayero A. A.
Published: December 2019

This study presents a 40g R600a charge enhanced with various TiO2 nano-lubricant concentrations (0 g/L and 0.2 g/L nano-lubricants) infused into an R12 domestic refrigerator tested within selected ambient temperature conditions (19, 22 and 25 °C). The performance test parameters including: energy consumption, discharge pressure, power per tonne of refrigeration (PPTR) and coefficient of performance (COP) were evaluated for the system. The results showed that infusing the nano-lubricant into the system improved the energetic performance of the system. Overall, the use of 40g at 25°C gave the best performance within the system. In conclusion, application of nanoparticles in refrigeration systems was found to improve the performances of the system even with the effect of ambient temperature. R600a-TiO2 nano-lubricant mixture works safely and efficiently in the domestic refrigerators but requires adequate optimization.
A Review on the Efficacy of Electroplating in Deteriorating Environments
Authors: Fayomi O S I , Akanade I G , Sode A A
Published: December 2019

Electroplating is an electrochemical process that involves a chemical response of the constituents in an aqueous mixture, due to galvanic excitation that causes the formation of thin film layers i.e. the coating, on the substrate of the material. Very few surface finishing techniques exist that serve the purposes of various functional applications and aesthetic appeal. Electroplating stands out as one of those surface finishing techniques that impact peculiar properties. This paper presents an overview of the multifunction application and efficacy of electroplating in different corrosive environments.
Incorporation of Silica Fume and Metakaolin on Self Compacting Concrete
Authors: Ofuyatan O.M. , Olowofoyeku A.M. , Edeki S.O , Oluwafemi J. , Ajao A. , David O.
Published: December 2019

This study carried out an experimental design investigating the reaction of mineral admixtures on fresh and hardened properties of sustainable self compacting concrete (SCC). Silica fume (SF) and metakaolin (MK) were partially replaced by Portland cement at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% in varying proportions. The workability on the fresh concrete was examined and the strength performance. The water cement ratio of 0.38 was kept constant for all the samples tested. The compressive strength was measured at 7, 14, 21 and 28 curing days. The test results indicated that with the influence of 2% superplasticizer, the fresh concrete showed a satisfactory workability, decreased the segregation to resistance, ease of flowing ability with the addition of silica fume and metakaolin. It was concluded in this study that, the replacement with silica fume was found to have an early strength gain in the compressive strength of SCC samples and a decrease at varying dosages. However, 15% metakaolin was considered to be a suitable replacement with 49.08 MPa at 28days compared with the control mix..
Performance Comparison of ANN Training Algorithms for Hysteresis Determination in LTE networks
Authors: Ekong E E , Adewale A A , Ben-Obaje A , Alalade A M , Ndujiuba C N
Published: December 2019

Long-Term Evolution (LTE) network is an improved standard for mobile telecommunication system developed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) requires an efficient handover framework which would reduce hysteresis and improve quality of service (QoS) of subscribers by maximizing scarce radio resources. This paper compares the performance of two ANN prediction algorithms (LevenbergMarquadt and Bayesian regularization) based on received signal strength (RSS) and the hysteresis margin parameters for neuro-adaptive hysteresis margin reduction algorithm. The Bayesian regularization algorithm had a lower mean error when compared with the Levenberg-Marquadt (LM) prediction algorithm and as such a better option for neuro-adaptive hysteresis margin reduction algorithm.
Design and Fabrication of a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with introduction of Plastic Gear
Authors: Adebayo J. K. , Layeni A. T. , Nwaokocha C. N. , Oyedepo S. O. , Folarin S. O.
Published: December 2019

This project is a design of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine using Kinetic theory, Aerodynamics model, Hooke’s law and Young Modulus. Aerodynamic model method was use to design the blade and the blades are three for effective harness of the wind speed. Bearing was introduced for easy rotation and reduction of noise. The use of plastic gears was introduced so that one revolution of the shaft carrying the blades leads to forty six (46) revolution of the alternator. The alternator then generate electric power. The power generated was 65 W under wind speed of 0.8m/s..
Thermo-physical, Electrical and Mechanical Characterizations of Normal and Special Concretes: A Holistic-Empirical Investigation for Pre-qualification and Quality-Control of Concrete
Authors: Ibhadode Osagie , Adekunle A. A. , Banjo Solomon O. , Atakpu O. D.
Published: December 2019

Nine(9) Concrete specimens (Concrete test-materials) [comprising of 3 ‘Portland Cement Normal Concrete specimens’, 3 ‘Portland Slag Special Concrete specimens’ and 3 ‘Silica-fume Slag Special Concrete specimens’] were designed-for in accordance with ACI 211.1-91, cast in accordance with ASTM C 127 and cured for three(3) Curing-ages of 28 days, 56 days and 90 days. Each was subjected to eleven (11) Quality (Strength, Durability & Workability)-evaluation experimental-tests in accordance with the relevant ASTM, BSI and other scientifically-established standard procedures, so as to empirically determine their Thermo-physical, Electrical & Mechanical characterizations (behavioural-changes) and the various determining (influencing) factors (variables). Summarily, it was experimentally discovered that, Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM) content and Maturity (Curing-age) significantly influenced (affected) five (5) conducted Thermo-physical characterization-tests of ‘Specific Heat Capacity (C
θ)’, ‘Thermal diffusivity (δ
Thermal
)’, ‘Thermal Conductivity (K

Thermal
)’, ‘Dry bulk density (ρ
bulk dry
)’ and ‘Water sorptivity (S)’ of Concrete. Also, it was observed that the five (5) conducted Electrical characterization-tests i.e. ‘RCPT Total Electric Charge passed (∑Q

P
)’, ‘Chloride-ion Penetrability’, ‘Initial 5 minutes RCPT Electricity Resistivity (ρ
E(RCPT)’, ‘Chloride-ion Penetration-depth (Cl
–

pd
)’ and ‘Non-steady state migration coefficient (D

nssMC
)’ of Concrete largely depended on the Water/Cement (w/c) ratio, Maturity (Curing-age) and SCM content. Furthermore, it was noticed that Mechanical characterization-test i.e. “Average Compressive-strength’ and ‘Slump’ of Concrete is primarily a function of w/c ratio, SCM content, Maturity (Curing-age) and several other factors. Consequently, it has been experimentally revealed that amongst other things, the four (4) critical determinants of Concrete quality are the Concrete’s Water/Cement (w/c) ratio, Maturity (Curing-age), Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM) content and Bulk density.
Enhancing the Hardness of Al 6063 Alloy Via Equal Channel Angular Extrusion Process
Authors: Abioye O. P , Atanda P. O , Abioye A. A , Ajayi O. O , Akinlabi E. T , Akinlabi S. A
Published: December 2019

Hardness of a material is highly important in most architectural and engineering applications, especially considering its direct relationship with strength. As a result of this, methods of enhancing the hardness properties of materials, such as Al 6063 alloy, will of a great benefit to researchers, engineers, and architects. This study presents the effect of Equal Channel Angular Extrusion (ECAE) in enhancing the hardness of Al 6063 Alloys. ECAE is known to develop ultrafine-grained materials, which tend to be characterised by better hardness. Sets of samples made of Al 6063 were obtained, fabricated into the sizes of ECAE specimen, and grouped into seven parts. A part was taken as the control while the other six parts were went through a Sever Plastic Deformation (SPD) Process using the ECAE method. A part was extruded once, another twice, another 4 times, another 5 times and another 6 times. The microhardness values were obtained and reported, likewise, the calculated brinell hardness values were reported. From the results, it was concluded that ECAE increases the hardness of Al 6063 to an extent.
Implementing virtual enterprise methodology in masters program in electrical engineering
Authors: Boboreshov A M , Korovchenko I S , Riapolov M P , Stepkin V A , Zhabin A S , Uskov G K
Published: December 2019

the paper considers applying virtual enterprise methodology to master‘s educational program “Radiophysics”. The paper presents the results of the development of a business process model of a virtual enterprise engaged in conducting research and development work. The options of platforms for the implementation of the models obtained and their use in the educational process for training masters in the direction of “Radiophysics” are considered.
Velocity measurement method of moving object with a magnetic field source based on the measurement of the difference signal of two induction sensors
Authors: Yanvaryov S G , Gorbatenko N I , Grechikhin V V
Published: December 2019

The article describes a new method for measuring the velocity of movement of an object with a magnetic field source. A moving plasma piston in a channel of a magnetoplasma accelerator, which is essentially a moving conductor with current, is considered as an example of such an object. The method is based on the measurement of the difference signal of two induction sensors. The advantage of the method is the presence of a linear dependence between the primary measuring signal (difference signal) and the final informative parameter (the value of the velocity of movement of the conductor with current). The task of simplifying the velocity measurement is solved at the expense of this advantage.
Approach to calculation the parameters of emergency modes of electric grid using topological list
Authors: Petrochenkov A B , Romodin A V , Leyzgold D Yu
Published: December 2019

The article presents a method of representing the topology of the electrical grid on the basis of a topological list (T-list), including both structural and numerical information about the elements of the grid. The method of calculation of emergency operation modes parameters of power supply system (PSS) with T-list use, which can be used for calculation on the personal computer, is resulted. The considered approach allows optimizing computing resources at calculation of emergency operation modes of industrial enterprises PSS.
Effective electrical equipment operation process management based on automated information decision making support
Authors: Eltyshev D K
Published: December 2019

The article studies the issues of ensuring electrical equipment operability during operation process, as an indicator of reliable and efficient power supply of heterogeneous consumers. The problem of electrical equipment operation process managing is considered from the point of view of many technical and economic factors that affecting decision making and the priority of taking measures to emergency prevention. The concept of information decision-making support, aimed at controlling the electrical equipment actual condition and planning work to ensure its operability in the short and long term, was proposed. An example of the information decision-making support implementation when choosing objects with the maximum risk of operability loss was given.
Simulation 35 kV 35 MVar STATCOM in EMTDC PSCAD
Authors: Makarov A , Ferenets A , Metelev I
Published: December 2019

This paper presents the model of STATCOM in EMTDC PSCAD, which can work in different modes: constant system voltage control mode, constant system reactive power control mode and constant power coefficient control mode. All modes is realized and plots are plotted.
Research of distance protection functioning of transmission line with series compensation device
Authors: Nizamova R , Ferenets A , Isakov R
Published: December 2019

Transmission line is one of the main elements of the power supply system. Line capacity can increase, when series compensation are used. Unfortunately, the use of these devices can lead to a failure of operation or to a false operation of the relay protection of the line itself. To analyse the operation of the relay protection of the compensated line, the RTDS software and hardware complex was selected.
Electric drive control system of the paper-making machine
Authors: Kazantsev V P , Dadenkov D A , Ponosova L V
Published: December 2019

Here are presented the synthesis of paper-making machine electric drives control systems. Quality indicators of paper and cardboard are directly related to the accuracy characteristics of the electric drives of both machine wires in conditions of unpredictable changes in loads on their shafts. It is shown that to solve the problem of stabilization of wires velocities and their ratio it is advisable to implement the principle of servo control. It is proposed to use the lower wire speed stabilization subsystem as the leading one, and the upper wire speed servo subsystem with the stabilization of the zero deviation of the integral from difference of electric drives speed. Presents the results of a synthesis and analysis of two-dimensional servo system finite electric drives control in conception of the modern vector-matrix control theory. A discrete-continuous mathematical model of the electromechanical system is obtained. To ensure the quality of speed control, discrete finite state regulators are used. As a result of the synthesis, expressions for the implementation of a discrete control device are obtained. In simulation, the reactions of the drives to the increment of the speed and to the increments of the loads on the drive shafts are obtained. The simulation results showed the effectiveness of the proposed principles of electric drive control. The electromechanical system demonstrates the properties of astatic control and reduces the deviation of velocities in steady-state modes to zero. The solution to the problem of reducing the mutual influence of electric actuators for the stabilization of the velocities of the machine wire and maintaining them in the specified ratios will reduce to a minimum the displacement of the paper layers formed on both machine wires. The practical application of the proposed electric drive control system in production contributes to improving the quality of products manufactured on a paper machine.
A review of community co-benefits of the clean development mechanism (CDM)
Authors: Hultman Nate , Lou Jiehong , Hutton Stephen
Published: December 2019

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) has been the major international offset mechanism within the broader world of carbon finance. It was designed with two goals in mind: to lead to significant emission reductions that will help reduce the cost of climate mitigation in countries with commitments as well as contribute to sustainable development in the host countries. However, there has been significant discussion about the degree to which these projects fulfilled their dual mission of emissions reductions and sustainable development, particularly with respect to fostering local community co-benefits as part of broader sustainable development outcomes. In this paper, we review literature on the co-benefits delivered by the CDM at the local or community level, based on a group of 84 peer-reviewed articles and other reports. While perspectives on co-benefits are diverse, most sources argue or acknowledge that even with more recent procedural improvements, the CDM has not consistently delivered significant co-benefits to local communities. It appears likely that the situation has improved somewhat in recent years as CDM procedures have been refined, and there may be more opportunities for enhancing procedures to favor such benefits. There is overall variability in delivering co-benefits depending on the technology type, design features and the country context.
The role of cement service-life on the efficient use of resources
Authors: Miller Sabbie A
Published: December 2019

The high demand for cement-based materials to support building and infrastructure systems is of growing concern as the production of cement leads to significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and notable resource demand. While improved efficiency of cement use has been proposed as a means to mitigate these burdens, the effects of increasing longevity of cement in-use remains a poorly studied area. This work quantitatively explores the implications of using cement for a longer in-use residence times. Specifically, this work uses dynamic material flow analysis models to quantify the in-use stock of cement in the United States from 1900 to 2015. With these models, the implications of increasing or decreasing mean longevity of in-use cement on required cement production, demand for batching water, aggregates, and energy for cement-based materials, and GHG emissions are quantified. This work shows that a 50% increase in cement longevity could have led to a 14% reduction in material resource demand and GHG emissions from concrete production in the United States, equivalent to 0.28 to 0.83 Gt of batching water, 2.9 to 7.6 Gt of aggregates, 1E + 06 to 2.3E + 06 TJ of energy, and 0.4 to 0.7 Gt of CO2-eq emissions. This percent reduction exceeds goals for reducing GHG emissions through alternative energy resources, suggesting improving durability and longevity of in-use cement stock could be a critical means to mitigating environmental impacts.
Evaluating the ability of endophyte fungus to tontrol VSD diseases in cocoa seeding
Authors: Taufik M , Asniah  , Yusuf D N , Syair  , Boer D , Botek M
Published: December 2019

The use of endophytic fungus is one of the effective ways to control Vascular Streak Dieback (VSD)-
Ceratobasidium theobromae
the in cocoa plants both preventively and curatively. The study aimed to evaluate the potential of several endophytic fungus isolates to reduce the incidence of VSD at the seedling level. This research was carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with eight endophytic fungus isolates as treatment, namely 1) Paecilomyces sp. EP1* isolate; 2) Paecilomyces sp. EP1 isolate; 3) Cladosporium sp.; 4) Nigrospora sp.; 5) Paecilomyces sp. EP isolate; 6) Paecilomyces sp. EP8 isolate; 7) Fungicide and 8) distilled water as a control. The results showed that endophytic fungi Paecilomyces Ep1* from cacao petiole was the best inhibitor of VSD disease (0%), and was able to increase the growth of plant height and stem diameter of cocoa plants.
Organoleptic test analysis and effect of liquid smoke concentration on smoked fish
Authors: Hadanu Ruslin , Lomo Christine P.
Published: December 2019

Fish Liquid smoke is one of the food products are preferred by Indonesian society in general and in particular Maluku region. This study aims to analyzeorganoleptic, TPC, Fat Content, Total Acid, Total Protein, Total Molds, Phenol levels to Concentration of Liquid Smoke Fish. The research method descriptions experimental concentration of 1% and 3% and smoked fish. Organoleptic analysis has a high degree of pleasure in the taste of liquid smoke 2430 codes with a value of 2.90, smell on code 2430. For textures in code 2430, 2437, 2438 with a value of 2.70, and the color in code 2438 was received by the panelist. The results of Total Plate Count (PLT) inhibit microbial growth at a concentration of 3% for 30 minutes soaking time, analysis of total acid levels at a concentration of 3% (57.6%). The highest total protein level (23.05%) concentration of 1%, analysis of total molds at a concentration of 1%, and analysis of phenol at a concentration of 3% have the highest phenol content of 4.06%.