bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic characteristics of large permanent magnet direct‐drive generators considering electromagnetic–structural coupling effects
Authors: Han Qinkai , Xu Xueping , Zhang Zhihong , Yan Yifeng , Peng Chao , Chu Fulei
Published: February 2023

Dynamic characteristics of large permanent magnet direct‐drive generators (PMDGs) considering electromagnetic–structural coupling effects are analyzed in this study. Using the conformal mapping method, the scalar magnetic potential of the air gap magnetic field considering the slot effect is calculated. On the basis of the discrete current element and magnetic equivalent circuit model, the local magnetic saturation effect of the stator and rotor is quantitatively simulated and the air gap magnetic field intensity distribution is obtained via numerical simulation. A series of uniformly distributed equivalent electromagnetic springs are introduced to develop an electromagnetic–structural coupling finite element PMDG model. The proposed air gap field analysis method is verified by the finite element analysis results. On the basis of the test platform for the Goldwind 1.5 MW PMDG, both modal and dynamic response tests for the stator/rotor coupling system are conducted, and the results are compared with the natural frequencies, mode shapes, and vibration responses obtained using the numerical model. The effects of the air gap length and rotor speed on the natural frequencies of the coupling system are analyzed. The proposed model has the potential to accurately evaluate the PMDG vibration energy, avoiding resonance points, and maintaining stable operations of the unit.
Effect of continuous fiber orientations on quasi‐static indentation properties in 3D printed hybrid continuous carbon/Kevlar fiber reinforced composites
Authors: Zhu Wanying , Li Shixian , Peng Yong , Wang Kui , Ahzi Said
Published: February 2023

The mechanical properties of hybrid continuous carbon and Kevlar fibers reinforced polyamide (PA)‐based composites manufactured by the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique were investigated in this paper. The effects of fiber raster orientations, fiber layer locations, and stacking sequences were studied by the quasi‐static indentation (QSI) tests. The multi‐scale morphological investigation was applied to analyze the deformation and failure mechanisms of the printed hybrid composites. The results showed that the printed hybrid composites with 0°/90°/0°/90° fiber raster orientations and the middle fiber layer locations presented the highest energy absorption as high as 5107.0 N mm in the current study. In contrast, the printed hybrid composites with 0°/45°/90°/135° fiber raster orientations and the bottom fiber layer locations performed the lowest energy absorption of 3659.5 N mm. 0° continuous fiber layers with effective long raster lengths could effectively improve the crack resistance of specimens. The introduction of 90° continuous layers into laminates significantly increased the energy absorption capability of specimens due to the extensive damage of continuous fiber‐reinforced layers (CFRLs). CFRLs with the middle location helpfully delayed the initiation and propagation of cracks. In addition, when CFRLs were located at the top and bottom, the specimens with Kevlar fiber layers above carbon fiber layers showed much higher maximum force than that of specimens with Kevlar fiber layers below carbon fiber layers.
Validation of serostatus of rheumatoid arthritis using ICD‐10 codes in administrative claims data
Authors: Lee Hemin , Sparks Jeffrey A. , Lee Su Been , Yoshida Kazuki , Landon Joan E. , Kim Seoyoung C.
Published: February 2023

Purpose

To determine the accuracy of International Classification of Diseases‐ Tenth Revision (ICD‐10) diagnosis codes for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) serostatus using a U.S. claims database (Optum Clinformatics Data Mart, Optum) and to compare the results to a previous validation study performed in IBM Marketscan Research Database (sensitivity 73%, positive predictive value, PPV, 84%).

Methods

In Optum (01/01/2016–03/31/2020) linked with laboratory results, we selected RA patients based on ≥2 ICD‐10 diagnosis codes for RA (M05 or M06) and at least one dispensing of RA treatments. We included individuals with at least one laboratory result for rheumatoid factor (RF) or anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) performed 365 days prior to and including the cohort entry date. An individual was “seropositive” if at least one of the 2 diagnosis codes used to define RA status was M05. “Seronegative” patients were required to have only M06. Secondary analyses were performed using subsets of M05 and M06 diagnosis codes. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and kappa of M05 and M06 against the prespecified reference standard laboratory data.

Results

We identified 14 490 adult RA patients who had at least 1 RF or anti‐CCP result. The number of patients identified for each reference standard definition ranged from 3315 (reference standard definition: high + anti‐CCP) to 13 636 (any + RF). PPV for seropositive RA, M05, was 77.1%. The PPV of M06 for seronegative RA was 61.6%. When we applied more restricted definitions of M05 and M06, the PPV for seropositive RA increased to 79.2%. The PPV for seronegative RA also notably increased to 89.5%.

Conclusion

ICD‐10 codes (M05 and M06) can help identify RA serostatus in claims data, but their limitations should be acknowledged. The PPVs for seropositive and seronegative RA found in the Optum database were lower than those found in MarketScan, perhaps related to database variability or differing patient characteristics and clinical practice. When more restricted definitions of M05 and M06 were used, the PPVs for seropositive and seronegative RA improved to 79.2% and 89.5%, respectively.
Chitosan nanoparticles with controlled size and zeta potential
Authors: Benamer Oudih Samah , Tahtat Djamel , Nacer Khodja Assia , Mahlous Mohamed , Hammache Yasmina , Guittoum Abd‐Errahim , Kebbouche Gana Salima
Published: February 2023

Optimization of chitosan nanoparticles (ChNs) production process employing a 2(5–2) fractional factorial design was performed to analyze the influence of viscosity average molecular weight (40–120 kDa), the initial concentration of chitosan (2–5 g/L), the initial tripolyphosphate (TPP) concentration (0.8–1.2 g/L), the ratio chitosan/TPP (4/1–10/1) (V/V), and the stirring speed (300–700 rpm), on final nanoparticles size and zeta potential. The measured responses of average particle size and surface charge were determined on Zetasizer Nano ZS. ChNs were prepared using ionotropic cross‐linking of chitosan and TPP and were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The experiments showed that the size of synthesized nanoparticles depended on initial concentration and molecular weight of chitosan, TPP concentration and stirring speed within the chosen levels. However, the zeta potential was significantly influenced by chitosan molecular weight, chitosan concentration and stirring speed. The FTIR analysis confirmed the interaction between negative charge of TPP with positive charge of chitosan through the appearance of new peaks at 1222 and 895 cm−1 in produced ChNs. XRD and DSC analysis were used to evaluate the effect of crosslinking of chitosan on crystal structure of ChNs.
Investigation of biological activities of two cultivars of Cicer arietinum proteins mass associated with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Mafakher Ladan , Rismani Elham , Saeedi Mina , Emami Mir Mohammad Reza Hosseini Moghadam , Hadjiakhoondi Abbas , Najafi Zahra , Manayi Azadeh
Published: February 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, with some known classical factors. Cicer arietinum (Leguminosae) is a source of protein for humans and contains albumin, globulin, glutelin, and prolamin. The protein content of two cultivars of C. arietinum, Hashem and Mansour, was isolated to evaluate their inhibition activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholine esterase (BChE), and β‐amyloid peptide (βA) aggregation. Sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and molecular docking were also applied to evaluate the content and determine the potential of each chickpea protein to interact with AChE, respectively. Obtained data showed that proteins from both cultivars could inhibit AChE with IC50 of 17.73 (0.03) and 22.20 (0.06) μg/mL, respectively, with no activity on BChE. The 50 μg/mL protein concentration of each cultivar suppressed βA accumulation (Mansour: 25.66% and Hashem: 21.69%) and showed biometal chelating activity. SDS‐PAGE analysis revealed relatively different protein patterns, though the Mansour cultivar contained some protein bands with molecular weights of 18, 24, and 70 kDa were estimated to belong to vicilin and legumin, which were absent in the Hashem protein mass. Molecular docking showed that legumin and especially vicilin have good potential to interact with AChE. The chickpea proteins showed inhibitory activity against AChE, which might be due to the vicilin and legumin fractions. The characterization of the inhibitory effect of each protein band could be promising in finding new therapeutic peptide candidates to treat Alzheimer's in the future, although more experimental work is needed in this issue.
Structural modeling of peptide toxin–ion channel interactions using RosettaDock
Authors: Mateos Diego Lopez , Yarov‐Yarovoy Vladimir
Published: February 2023

Voltage‐gated ion channels play essential physiological roles in action potential generation and propagation. Peptidic toxins from animal venoms target ion channels and provide useful scaffolds for the rational design of novel channel modulators with enhanced potency and subtype selectivity. Despite recent progress in obtaining experimental structures of peptide toxin–ion channel complexes, structural determination of peptide toxins bound to ion channels in physiologically important states remains challenging. Here we describe an application of RosettaDock approach to the structural modeling of peptide toxins interactions with ion channels. We tested this approach on 10 structures of peptide toxin–ion channel complexes and demonstrated that it can sample near‐native structures in all tested cases. Our approach will be useful for improving the understanding of the molecular mechanism of natural peptide toxin modulation of ion channel gating and for the structural modeling of novel peptide‐based ion channel modulators.
Off‐State Current Improvement of Double‐Gate Junctionless Field‐Effect Transistor by Modifying Central Potential
Authors: Abrishami Kimia M. , Orouji Ali A.
Published: February 2023

This work presents a double‐gate junctionless metal‐oxide field‐effect transistor (JLT) in a 20 nm regime by modifying central potential. In the proposed device, the off‐state current is reduced due to modifying the potential in the middle of the channel. The proposed structure is called as a modified central potential junctionless transistor (MCP‐JLT). The suggested device embeds two dielectric pockets (DPs) into the middle of the channel. The proposed technique has several effects on the proposed structure. Also, the impact of the DPs into the channel on the performance device is discussed. The proposed MCP‐JLT structure decreases the off‐state current (IOFF) by three orders of magnitude; besides, it can suppress the lateral electric field and also slightly reduces the drive current (ION), and reduces subthreshold swing (SS) compared to a typical junctionless FET (C‐JLT). Furthermore, the effect of the gate insulator materials on the proposed device's performance is discussed.
Efficacy and safety of herbal medicine on dementia and cognitive function: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sawangjit Ratree , Chuenchom Chorthip , Sanverm Thanchanok , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn , Jiranukool Jariya , Nithipaijit Rodchares , Sadoyu Saranrat , Phianchana Chankiat , Jinatongthai Peerawat
Published: February 2023

This study aims to summarize the effects of herbs on dementia and assess the strength of evidence. Six international and local databases were searched from inception to October 2021 for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of clinical trials investigated the effects of herbal medicine on dementia or cognitive function. Two researchers independently extracted data, assessed the methodological quality, and rated the credibility of evidence according to established criteria. Thirty‐seven articles evaluating 13 herbal medicines were included. Of these, 65% were rated critically low using AMSTAR2. Of 90 unique outcomes, 41 (45.6%) were statistically significant based on random effects model (p ≤ .05). Only 3 herbs were supported by suggestive evidence whereas the others were supported by weak evidence. The suggestive evidence supported benefits of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) plus pharmacotherapy (WMD:1.84; 95% CI: 1.34, 2.35) and Vinpocetine (WMD: −0.94; 95%CI: −1.50, −0.38) on improving cognitive function assessing by Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Syndrom‐Kurz‐Test, respectively. Moreover, suggestive evidence supported benefit of Huperzia serrata on improving Activities of Daily Living (WMD:‐7.18; 95%CI: −9.12, −5.23). No SAE was reported. In conclusion, several herbs were used for improving dementia and cognitive function but recent evidence were limited by the small sample size and poor methodological quality. Therefore, further large and well‐designed studies are needed to support the evidence.
COVID‐19 vaccine wastage in Thailand amidst vaccine inequity and pandemic‐to‐endemic transition
Authors: Jitanan Manatee , Tiamjan Rapeeporn , Chaivisit Sarinporn , Lojanasupareuk Pornchan , Behera Manas Ranjan , Phungdee Theerapon , Waengkaew Wayu , Miranda Adriana Viola
Published: February 2023

COVID‐19 vaccine wastage is an emerging issue globally. In Thailand, which has declared COVID‐19 to be an endemic disease, the risk of vaccine wastage lingers despite the remaining vaccine inequity. Although the country does not publicly report its vaccine wastage rate, a wastage incident has been reported. With the remaining secured vaccine doses that have yet to be delivered and Thailand's pandemic‐to‐endemic transition, Thailand should strategize to avoid vaccine wastage. This commentary highlights several factors that can potentially lead to vaccine wastage in Thailand: cold chain logistics issues, vaccine hesitancy, and unequal vaccine accessibility. The Thai government should continue its efforts in mitigating these issues to maximize its vaccination program.
Cutaneous Secondary Localization of Multiple Myeloma at Heparin Injection Sites
Authors: Borg Emma , Muguet Guenot Louise , Tichadou Antoine , Colantonio Mathias , Baubion Emilie
Published: February 2023

We report two cases of multiple myeloma skin localizations at Heparin injections sites in patients followed at the University Hospital of Martinique. These skin manifestations on traumatized areas are a marker of aggressiveness in the natural history of multiple myeloma.
Skin Pigmentation Gradually Decreases with Age Under Non-Ultraviolet Exposure Conditions
Authors: Chen Jing , Lei Li , Jiang Ling , Hu Yibo , Huang Jinhua , Zeng Qinghai
Published: February 2023

In non-sun exposure conditions, skin pigmentation gradually decreases with age. Sun exposure on the other hand increases skin pigmentation. In addition, the skin of the elderly is more prone to tanning than youthful skin.
Centimeter‐Scale PdS2 Ultrathin Films with High Mobility and Broadband Photoresponse
Authors: He Kun , Xu Weiting , Tang Jingmei , Lu Yuan , Yi Chen , Li Bailing , Zhu Hongzhou , Zhang Hongmei , Lin Xiaohui , Feng Ya , Zhu Manli , Shen Jingru , Zhong Mianzeng , Li Bo , Duan Xidong
Published: February 2023

2D materials with mixed crystal phase will lead to the nonuniformity of performance and go against the practical application. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a valid method to synthesize 2D materials with typical stoichiometry. Here, 2D palladium sulfides with centimeter scale and uniform stoichiometric ratio are synthesized via controlling the sulfurization temperature of palladium thin films. The relationship between sulfurization temperature and products is investigated in depth. Besides, the high‐quality 2D PdS2 films are synthesized via sulfurization at the temperature of 450–550 °C, which would be compatible with back‐end‐of‐line processes in semiconductor industry with considering of process temperature. The PdS2 films show an n‐type semiconducting behavior with high mobility of 10.4 cm2 V−1 s−1. The PdS2 photodetector presents a broadband photoresponse from 450 to 1550 nm. These findings provide a reliable way to synthesizing high‐quality and large‐area 2D materials with uniform crystal phase. The result suggests that 2D PdS2 has significant potential in future nanoelectronics and optoelectronic applications.
The Floyd‐Warshall all‐pairs shortest paths algorithm for disconnected and very sparse graphs
Authors: Toroslu Ismail H.
Published: February 2023

The Floyd‐Warshall algorithm is the most popular algorithm for determining the shortest paths between all vertex pairs in a graph. It is a very simple and an elegant algorithm. However, for graphs without any negative weighted edges, using Dijkstra's shortest path algorithm for every vertex as a source vertex to produce all‐pairs shortest paths works significantly better than the Floyd‐Warshall algorithm, especially for large graphs. Furthermore, for graphs with negative weighted edges, with no negative cycle, in general Johnson's algorithm also performs better than the Floyd‐Warshall algorithm for large graphs. Johnson's algorithm first transforms the graph into a non‐negative one by using the Bellman‐Ford algorithm, then applies the Dijkstra's algorithm to the transformed graph. Thus, mainly, the Floyd‐Warshall algorithm is quite inefficient, especially for large graphs. In this paper, we show a simple improvement on the Floyd‐Warshall algorithm that will increases its efficiency, especially for very sparse graphs (i.e., the number of its edges is less than the number of its vertices), so it can be used instead of more complicated alternatives. We also show that our approach is also very effective for denser disconnected graphs. Since the new algorithm modifies the original Floyd‐Warshall algorithm, it is mainly aimed for directed graphs without negative cycles. Most programmers prefer to implement the Floyd‐Warshall algorithm over more complicated but more efficient alternatives for solving all‐pairs shortest path problems. In this work, we show that without the addition of any complicated data structures, the performance of the Floyd‐Warshall algorithm can be improved very easily. Our practical approach works even better than its alternatives for large sparse graphs.
Natural flood management: Opportunities to implement nature‐based solutions on privately owned land
Authors: Thaler Thomas , Hudson Paul , Viavattene Christophe , Green Colin
Published: February 2023

The implementation of Natural Flood Management (NFM), as an example of a nature‐based solution (NbS), is promoted as a risk reduction strategy to support sustainable flood risk management and climate change adaptation more widely. Additionally, as an NbS, NFM aims to provide further multiple benefits, such as increased biodiversity and improved water quality as well as improved mental health. The implementation of NbS often needs private‐owned or managed land, yet can create conflicts between the different stakeholders which can undermine the social consensus required for successful implementation. Consequently, a main question is how the multiple benefits and requirements of NFM can be delivered to meet the different goals of the wide variety of stakeholders who must be involved. This article discusses the challenges and potential of implementing NFM as an alternative to the traditional technical mitigation measures in flood risk management. We outline four opportunities in the implementation of NFM: physical conditions of the catchment, social interaction, financial resources, and institutional setting. Their importance is then demonstrated and compared to different examples across the globe. Nevertheless, the core drivers reflect the social interaction and institutional setting and the role of stakeholders in the successful implementation of NFM.

This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Planning Water

Human Water > Water Governance

Science of Water > Water Extremes

Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
SUPG formulation augmented with YZβ shock‐capturing for computing shallow‐water equations
Authors: Cengizci Süleyman , Uğur Ömür
Published: February 2023

We demonstrate that the streamline‐upwind/Petrov–Galerkin (SUPG) formulation enhanced with YZβ discontinuity‐capturing, that is, the SUPG‐YZβ formulation, is an efficient and robust method for computing 2D shallow‐water equations (SWEs). The SUPG‐stabilized semi‐discrete formulation is discretized in time by employing the backward Euler time‐integration scheme. The nonlinear equation systems arising from the space and time discretizations are handled using the Newton–Raphson (N–R) method at each time step. The resulting linear equation systems are solved directly at each nonlinear iteration. Two challenging test problems are provided to examine the performance of the proposed formulation and techniques. To that end, we consider a full dam‐break and a partial dam‐break problem. We develop the solvers in the FEniCS environment. Test computations reveal that the SUPG‐YZβ formulation successfully eliminates spurious oscillations that cannot be captured with the SUPG‐stabilized formulation alone in narrow regions where steep gradients occur.
Biofuels Development and Indirect Deforestation
Authors: Ramadhan Rizky , Mori Akihisa , Abdoellah Oekan S.
Published: February 2023

The Indonesian government launched the B30 program (a mixture of 30% biodiesel and 70% diesel fuel) in 2019 to save foreign exchange, reduce dependence on fossil fuels, and improve environmental quality. Indonesia uses palm oil as the main source for making biodiesel, as proven by an increase in the domestic market demand for biodiesel by as much as 2.69 million tons. This is followed by the increase of the area of ​​palm oil plantations by 4.25 million hectares from 2014 to 2020. In contrast, the rate of deforestation in the three main palm oil-producing islands (Sumatra, Kalimantan, and Papua) tends to decline. These facts raise a hypothesis that the B30 program may trigger indirect deforestation or conversion of nonforest areas to palm oil. To prove this hypothesis, we use the geographic information system (GIS) to detect and analyze land cover by looking at historical data on land-use changes in the Province of Riau and Central Kalimantan, the largest palm oil-producing provinces. The development of biofuels under the moratorium regulation indirectly encourages oil palm companies to open oil palm plantations in areas originally used as cultivation areas. The loss of land for cultivation has encouraged local communities to clear land for cultivation in the forest. This situation is what we call indirect deforestation.
Aggregation and Representation in Knowledge Coproduction: Lesson Learned from the Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil Scheme
Authors: Salman Faris , Mori Akihisa
Published: February 2023

A context-based approach and pluralism are often the main principles of knowledge coproduction (KCP), in addition to goal-oriented and interactive approach. To keep the original context and plurality from the knowledge source, knowledge in KCP can be bridged, scaled-up, or represented. Representation in KCP can distort results; however, it can also be beneficial especially for difficult-to-reach group members. Further, improving the structure of KCP can improve governance in instances where coproduced knowledge is used for governing processes. By conducting a case study of the Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO), this chapter explores how the representation of citizens affects coproduction and how it impacts environmental governance in Indonesia. We utilize the principles of KCP for sustainability and the operationalization of knowledge for improving governance. We found that government-dominated development and implementation should be shifted to networked public participation to reconcile conflicting objectives of social acceptance. To improve public participation, non-government actors can play key representing roles in making the process more collaborative, and bridging and aggregating knowledge produced by stakeholders with diverse interests. Initial establishment of the ISPO endorsed the government’s predetermined agenda and suffered operationalization problem. The shift from government-dominated development and implementation to a networked and public KCP facilitated ISPO policy strengthening. The networked, public KCP formed stages where knowledge is aggregated and bridged to a higher tier of discussion through representation. Our result also provided insight that representation in KCP may not be avoided in certain situations, such as with time and economic cost constraint. The network used for KCP can benefit environmental governance, as it helps government-dominated governance incorporate civil society.
Governance by Accident: The Role of Civil Society in Shaping Urban Environmental Governance
Authors: Setianto Benny D. , Widianarko Budi
Published: February 2023

The revival of the civil society movement was triggered by the fall of communism in the east-bloc countries and the so-called third-wave democracy in many developing countries, and the notion of reinventing the government’s role in the west. Inspired by these phenomena, this written literature research examined the impact of these transitions occurring in the late nineties on environmental governance, especially regarding the role of civil society. The research focused on the role of civil society to provide a theoretical framework for the dynamic adaptations occurring in the Indonesian government in relation to the emerging civil society movements and the political turmoil (from authoritarian to more democratic governance) associated with them. This was done by emphasizing, first, the changing of acts regulating decentralization throughout the three-layered governmental structure. Secondly, I examined how governmental institutions dealt with environmental protection and how the civil society movements worked. This study demonstrated that civil society movements are not a single homogenous entity. Secondly, dissemination of power among governmental structures was not merely a technical matter aiming to provide a better service but also a notion of political power contestation. Thirdly, the dynamic relationships within civil society organizations, the multi-level governmental institutions, and the various stakeholders in the private sector have led to a mode of governance that cannot be designed to achieve a common goal. This formulated the main finding of my study, which proposes that “governance by accident” instead of “governance by designed” should be considered a new model of environmental governance.
Water Resources Governance in Indonesia Towards Environmental Sustainability Along with Social and Economic Development
Authors: Pambudi Andi Setyo , Kusumanto Trikurnianti
Published: February 2023

Indonesia’s water resources governance aims at delivering the basic needs of a growing population whilst being constrained by ecosystems’ carrying capacity. The main causes of regulatory overlaps and prevalent “silo mentality” in water governance are sought by analysing laws, regulations, and policies. Over time, water resources governance has aimed to address food, water, and energy needs through infrastructural approaches, forest and land rehabilitation, and community participation. It is anchored in the river basin territory and watershed concepts. Public decision-making, however, puts anthropogenic considerations at its core rather than hydrological aspects, leading to misfits between institutions and ecosystem functioning. Ineffective legal instruments and policies are essentially due to institutional constraints. A synthesis of the three major water regulations—Government Regulation 37/2012 concerning Watershed Management, Law 17/2019 concerning Water Resources, and Government Regulation 26/2008 concerning National Spatial Plan—reveals little ownership of watershed management with regional/local governments since responsibilities are delegated by the central government to a technical agency; limited focus on green water (social and ecological) governance approaches compared with blue water (hard infrastructural) ones; and weak law enforcement and formulation of strategies for maintaining ecosystem functioning. Our recommendations include an ecoregional water governance with a thoroughly designed performance and target indicators; continuation of development plans built on previous plans and outcomes; continuity in water resources monitoring and evaluation; society-wide participation; and synchronisation of regulatory processes of all administrative levels led by the President in collaboration with Parliament using “carrot and stick” modes.
Should Climate Actions Stay Amidst the Covid-19 Pandemic? A Crisis Management Governance Perspective
Authors: Firdaus Nur , Rahmayanti Atika Zahra
Published: February 2023

It has been more than 5 years since the Paris Agreement was ratified, while the progress to limit the increase in global temperature to well below 2 °C above preindustrial levels is questionable. Addressing climate change cannot be separated from economic and political issues, leading to an emergence of global discourses about the appropriate means for a sustainable transformation. Although the green economy has received criticisms, such a concept is a “popular” vision to balance economic, social well-being, and ecological goals. However, the Covid-19 pandemic, which has no clear ending period, significantly impacts the economy and threatens climate actions. This chapter aims to analyze the fate of climate actions in Indonesia. We employ a crisis management framework to provide insights about governing climate change under the Covid-19 pandemic while seizing the opportunities to achieve the climate target. Unlike previous crises, the Covid-19 pandemic should be treated differently in which the government needs to identify the big picture of the problem. In this regard, the role of leadership played by the President is critical to determine what actions can be possibly taken and measure the potential impacts of delaying the actions. As a result, creative and strategic steps are necessary, aligning with the recovery policies. In terms of potential opportunities, promoting a circular economy would accelerate the government’s commitment to low-carbon development. Moreover, optimizing blended finance to mobilize public and philanthropic funds can support green movements, aligning with the proliferation of green financial markets. Thus, the Covid-19 crisis has become a moment to seize the opportunity for redesigning climate policies, including financing mechanisms and improving the governance in climate adaptation and mitigation.
Earth System Governance in Indonesia: An Initial Investigation
Authors: Nugraha Erwin , Okitasari Mahesti , Triyanti Annisa , Yanuardi Yanuardi
Published: February 2023

Despite a growing scholarly interest internationally in the notion of earth system governance (ESG), the state-of-the-art of how the notion interacts in and with Indonesian academia has not been reviewed. The ESG notion is a paradigm that warrants the broader context of the Anthropocene and human-induced transformations of the entire earth system. Considering that Indonesia is one of the most important scholarly and empirical sites of investigation in Asia-Pacific, understanding the existing development of environmental governance with ESG can inform the corpus theory of sustainable futures. What does the notion mean in Indonesian academia? Which fields, disciplines, and networks have engaged with the notion? What are the alternative practices and directions of ESG emerging from and within the Indonesian academia? The chapter aims to offer an initial investigation by conducting a literature review with the following objectives: (1) to trace and evaluate the intellectual progression of the field of ESG from and within Indonesian academia, (2) to contextualize the theory and framework of ESG in the context of Indonesian academia, and (3) to identify gaps and offer reflections for future research. The chapter will review academic literature from the international database of Scopus and the Indonesian recognized national database of Garuda of the conceptual debates and discussion of ESG in the context of Indonesia. The chapter ultimately provides a summary, synthesis, and critical evaluation of the current body of knowledge about the ESG, within the broader context of environmental governance, in Indonesian academia and suggests future research.
Post-politicizing the Environment: Local Government Performance Assessments in Indonesia
Authors: Permana Yogi Setya , Satriani Septi , Syafi’i Imam , Adaba Pandu Yuhsina , Seftiani Sari , Suryani Dini
Published: February 2023

Indonesia is confronting an intensifying threat of ecological disaster due to excessive natural resource exploitation and environmental damage. Existing tools to evaluate local government performance are unable to critically assess many key aspects of natural resource and environmental management. The results of these formal performance assessments do not reflect the reality in local communities. We argue that this gap is caused by more than just inaccurate reporting; the gap between reality and assessment results is because official assessment approaches sideline the consideration of state–society relations and socio-political dimensions. The assessments reduce natural resource management and environmental protection in Indonesia to techno-managerial terms that reflect a post-politicizing of the environment, as outlined in Erik Swyngedouw’s critical social science literature. In this chapter, we look specifically at the content and application of these local government environmental performance assessment tools. While they may appear to cover key points of environmental good governance, their technocratic mode character is disguising politico-business linkages and oligarchical interests that damage the environment. Environmental crisis, social conflict, and democratic regression are consequently on the increase in Indonesia.
Toward Sustainable Lake Ecosystem-Based Management: Lessons Learned from Interdisciplinary Research of Cage Aquaculture Management in Lake Maninjau
Authors: Yuniarti Ivana , Barnes Clare , Glenk Klaus , McVittie Alistair
Published: February 2023

Understanding appropriate governance arrangements for managing cage aquaculture systems in tropical lakes is essential, yet it is still overlooked by current studies. Here we discuss the lessons obtained from our interdisciplinary research (environmental–social science, ecology, and ecological economics) evaluating cage aquaculture management scenarios with the aim of facilitating sustainable cage aquaculture management in Lake Maninjau, Indonesia. The lessons we present are based on our analysis of why current management fails to achieve its goals of reduced cage aquaculture and improved water quality in the lake, despite the presence of formal regulations for reaching these goals. The importance of understanding the social, ecological, and economic dimensions in designing management actions is highlighted. We discuss how our research framework embraces methodological and epistemological differences between natural and social scientists to improve research integration and how it supports an adaptive research approach to studying (interventions in) complex ecosystems. We compare the relative advantages of our framework with well-established interdisciplinary conceptual and research frameworks revealing that it fulfills pertinent knowledge gaps through detailing the process of discipline integration, embracing epistemological pluralism, and explicitly including the quantification of ecosystem-services trade-offs, uncertainties, and risks in the decision-making process. Finally, we use the lessons from applying our framework to propose a more integrated management action plan in the lake. We expect that the lessons in this research can be widely applied to other cage aquaculture management case studies and contribute to the development of inland water ecosystem management in Indonesia and other Global South Countries.
Wirkungen von Lernendenkompetenzerwartungen an Lehrpersonen
Authors: Hackbart Marcel
Published: February 2023

Wie aufgezeigt, speisen sich die Lernendenkompetenzerwartungen (kognitives Schema nach Nickel, 1985) an Lehrpersonen aus unterschiedlichen Quellen (des soziokulturellen Bezugsrahmens, Nickel, 1985). Diese Erwartungen wirken sich nach dem transaktionalen Modell von Nickel (1985; s. Kapitel 7) sowohl auf das Erleben und Verhalten der Lernenden selbst aus als auch auf die Lehrpersonen.
Ziel und Aufbau der Arbeit
Authors: Hackbart Marcel
Published: February 2023

Erwartungen sind Antizipationen und können an verschiedene Ziele gerichtet werden, z. B. an Situationen, an Gegenstände, aber auch an Personen, sowohl auf andere als auch auf sich selbst. Personenbezogene Erwartungen können sich u. a. aus Stereotypen und Vorurteilen ergeben, da sich soziale Gruppen vermeintlich in bestimmten Eigenschaften unterscheiden. Das stereotype content model stellt insbesondere die Wärme bzw. Sympathie und die Kompetenz als relevante Faktoren für die Beurteilung von Mitgliedern sozialer Gruppen heraus.
Stereotypbasierte Erwartungen und das stereotype content model
Authors: Hackbart Marcel
Published: February 2023

Um die Komplexität der Welt zu reduzieren, greifen Menschen auf Schemata zurück. Ein Schema ist eine kognitive Repräsentation, die auf Kategorien aufbaut und vorverarbeitetes Wissen einer Person über Objekte, Personen oder Handlungen enthält. Kategoriebasierte Verarbeitung ist im Vergleich zur individuierenden Verarbeitung weniger aufwendig, weniger anstrengend und schont kognitive Ressourcen.
Das transaktionale Modell der Lehr-Lern-Beziehung
Authors: Hackbart Marcel
Published: February 2023

Der Pygmalion-Effekt und der Prozess der selbsterfüllenden Prophezeiung sind Phänomene der Lehr-Lern-Interaktion, die Bestandteile des transaktionalen Modells von Nickel (1985; Original von 1976; s. Abbildung 7.1) sind. Das transaktionale Modell der Lehr-Lern-Beziehung von Nickel (1985) erweitert unidirektionale Modelle der pädagogischen Beziehung und postuliert, dass Lernende und Lehrpersonen gleichermaßen den Interaktionsverlauf beeinflussen. Lernende und Lehrpersonen stehen in einer echten „Wechselbeziehung […], an der beide Seiten aktiven Anteil haben und durch die sie ihr Verhalten gegenseitig beeinflussen“ (Nickel, 1985, S. 267), es finden also ständig Rückkopplungsprozesse statt.
Normative Erwartungen in der Interaktionsregulation
Authors: Hackbart Marcel
Published: February 2023

Rosemann (1978) stellt neben den Erwartungen von Interaktionspartner*innen an die jeweils andere Person auch explizit die Bestätigung bzw. Widerlegung dieser Erwartungen in den Vordergrund seiner Überlegungen. Er spricht von Erwartungskonkordanz und -diskordanz. Die individuelle Erwartungskonkordanz ist dann gegeben, wenn eine Person A „[…] die Person B als in Übereinstimmung mit ihren an diese Person gerichteten Erwartungen erlebt. Bei Diskrepanzerlebnissen sprechen wir von Erwartungsdiskordanz“.
Relationships of tumor differentiation and immune infiltration in gastric cancers revealed by single-cell RNA-seq analyses
Authors: Zhou Xin , Yang Jingwei , Lu Yongqu , Ma Yanpeng , Meng Yan , Li Qingqing , Gao Junpeng , Jiang Zhaoyu , Guo Limei , Wang Wei , Liu Yun , Wen Lu , Kai Miao , Fu Wei , Tang Fuchou
Published: February 2023

Gastric cancers are highly heterogeneous malignant tumors. To reveal the relationship between differentiation status of cancer cells and tumor immune microenvironments in gastric cancer, single-cell RNA-sequencing was performed on normal mucosa tissue, differentiated gastric cancer (DGC) tissue, poorly differentiated gastric cancer (PDGC) tissue and neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) tissue sampled from surgically resected gastric cancer specimens. We identified the signature genes for both DGC and PDGC, and found that signature genes of PDGC strongly enriched in the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) program. Furthermore, we found that DGC tends to be immune-rich type whereas PDGC tends to be immune-poor type defined according to the density of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Additionally, interferon alpha and gamma responding genes were specifically expressed in the immune-rich malignant cells compared with immune-poor malignant cells. Through analyzing the mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma, we identified intermediate state malignant cells during the trans-differentiation process from DGC to NEC, which showed double-negative expressions of both DGC marker genes and NEC marker genes. Interferon-related pathways were gradually downregulated along the DGC to NEC trans-differentiation path, which was accompanied by reduced CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell infiltration. In summary, molecular features of both malignant cells and immune microenvironment cells of DGC, PDGC and NEC were systematically revealed, which may partially explain the strong tumor heterogeneities of gastric cancer. Especially along the DGC to NEC trans-differentiation path, immune-evasion was gradually enhanced with the decreasing activities of interferon pathway responses in malignant cells.
Comparison of EPI DWI and STEAM DWI in Early Postoperative MRI Controls After Resection of Tumors of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Müller Sebastian Johannes , Khadhraoui Eya , Voit Dirk , Riedel Christian Heiner , Frahm Jens , Romero Javier M. , Ernst Marielle
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is important for differentiating residual tumor and subacute infarctions in early postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. In cases of pneumocephalus and especially in the presence of intraventricular trapped air, conventional echo-planar imaging (EPI) DWI is distorted by susceptibility artifacts. The performance and robustness of a newly developed DWI sequence using the stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) was evaluated in patients after neurosurgical operations with early postoperative MRI.

Methods

We compared EPI and STEAM DWI of 43 patients who received 3‑Tesla MRI within 72 h after a neurosurgical operation between 1 October 2019 and 30 September 2021. We analyzed susceptibility artifacts originating from air and blood and whether these artifacts compromised the detection of ischemic changes after surgery. The DWI sequences were (i) visually rated and (ii) volumetrically analyzed.

Results

In 28 of 43 patients, we found severe and diagnostically relevant artifacts in EPI DWI, but none in STEAM DWI. In these cases, in which artifacts were caused by intracranial air, they led to a worse detection of ischemic lesions and thus to a possible failed diagnosis or lack of judgment using EPI DWI. Additionally, volumetric analysis demonstrated a 14% smaller infarct volume detected with EPI DWI. No significant differences in visual rating and volumetric analysis were detected among the patients without severe artifacts.

Conclusion

The newly developed version of STEAM DWI with highly undersampled radial encodings is superior to EPI DWI in patients with postoperative pneumocephalus.
Einfluss von Konservierungsmitteln in Topika auf die kutane Mikrobiota
Authors: Richter Kathrin , Wohlrab Johannes
Published: February 2023

Konservierungsmittel dienen der Haltbarmachung topischer Präparate und schützen dadurch den Anwender vor dem Einfluss pathogener Mikroben. Mit der Applikation des Topikums durchläuft die Matrix eine Metamorphose, in deren Folge es, durch anteilige Volatilisierung der hydrophilen Phase, zur Anreicherung des Konservierungsmittels auf der Hautoberfläche kommen kann. Es wird angenommen, dass dies zu antiseptischen Effekten und der Beeinflussung der Diversität der kutanen Mikrobiota führt. Wegen der Komplexität der Regulation des kutanen Mikrobioms und der damit verbundenen Einflussfaktoren resultiert ein hoher Grad der Individualisierung, sodass Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von definierten Interventionen methodisch schwierig sind. In der vorliegenden „Proof-of-concept“-Studie wurden mögliche antiseptische Effekte von Konservierungsmitteln in einer Kombination von In-vitro- und In-vivo-Methoden mittels mikrobiologischer Kulturversuche untersucht. Darüber hinaus dienten die Untersuchungen der Erarbeitung eines klinischen Studiendesigns für weiterführende Fragestellungen und erweitertem Methodenspektrum.

Die Ergebnisse stützen die Hypothese einer antiseptischen Wirkung der getesteten Konservierungsmittel (Methyl-4-hydroxybenzoat und Propyl-4-hydroxybenzoat, Sorbinsäure/Kaliumsorbat und Propylenglykol) auf prominente Referenzbakterien und konnten auch im klinischen Setting beobachtet werden.
Comparison between in-mould and grid-as-mould aluminum foaming process by induction heating
Authors: Formisano Antonio , Durante Massimo , Galise Francesco
Published: February 2023

In the last decades, metal foams have been bringing increasing attention because they represent a new category of materials with very intriguing physical and mechanical properties like, for example, high stiffness and low density. These materials have not been studied completely, and many research efforts have been carrying out to investigate new foaming techniques. The present work aimed at evaluating the efficiency of electromagnetic induction as a heating technique of foam precursors for the manufacture of closed-cell aluminum foam specimens by the indirect foaming process known as the powder compact melting technique; a conventional and a flexible mold strategy, the latter using a stainless-steel wire mesh, were employed for the manufacture of parallelepiped specimens. The results outlined the interesting perspectives of this manufacturing method. In detail, they highlighted a significant process repeatability and the beneficial effects of the induction heating method, allowing heating the precursor in very little time and in a safe way compared to conventional heating through a muffle furnace; moreover, they showed the influence of the mould choice both on the processing time, with the synergistic interaction between the flexible mold and the induction system in terms of heat generation, and on the surface geometry of the foamed components, which reflected in their different compression behavior.