bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Altered Peripheral Blood Gene Expression in Childhood Cancer Survivors With Anthracycline‐Induced Cardiomyopathy – A COG‐ALTE03N1 Report
Authors: Singh Purnima , Shah Disheet A. , Jouni Mariam , Cejas Romina B. , Crossman David K. , Magdy Tarek , Qiu Shaowei , Wang Xuexia , Zhou Liting , Sharafeldin Noha , Hageman Lindsey , McKenna Donald E. , Armenian Saro H. , Balis Frank M. , Hawkins Douglas S. , Keller Frank G. , Hudson Melissa M. , Neglia Joseph P. , Ritchey A Kim , Ginsberg Jill P. , Landier Wendy , Bhatia Ravi , Burridge Paul W. , Bhatia Smita
Published: September 2023

Background

Anthracycline‐induced cardiomyopathy is a leading cause of premature death in childhood cancer survivors, presenting a need to understand the underlying pathogenesis. We sought to examine differential blood‐based mRNA expression profiles in anthracycline‐exposed childhood cancer survivors with and without cardiomyopathy.

Methods and Results

We designed a matched case‐control study (Children's Oncology Group‐ALTE03N1) with mRNA sequencing on total RNA from peripheral blood in 40 anthracycline‐exposed survivors with cardiomyopathy (cases) and 64 matched survivors without (controls). DESeq2 identified differentially expressed genes. Ingenuity Pathway Analyses (IPA) and Gene Set Enrichment Analyses determined the potential roles of altered genes in biological pathways. Functional validation was performed by gene knockout in human‐induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes using CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR‐associated protein 9) technology. Median age at primary cancer diagnosis for cases and controls was 8.2 and 9.7 years, respectively. Thirty‐six differentially expressed genes with fold change ≥±2 were identified; 35 were upregulated. IPA identified “hepatic fibrosis” and “iron homeostasis” pathways to be significantly modulated by differentially expressed genes, including toxicology functions of myocardial infarction, cardiac damage, and cardiac dilation. Leading edge analysis from Gene Set Enrichment Analyses identified lactate dehydrogenase A (
LDHA
) and cluster of differentiation 36 (
CD36
) genes to be significantly upregulated in cases. Interleukin 1 receptor type 1, 2 (
IL1R1
,
IL1R2
), and matrix metalloproteinase 8, 9 (
MMP8, MMP9
) appeared in multiple canonical pathways.
LDHA
‐knockout human‐induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes showed increased sensitivity to doxorubicin.

Conclusions

We identified differential mRNA expression profiles in peripheral blood of anthracycline‐exposed childhood cancer survivors with and without cardiomyopathy. Upregulation of
LDHA
and
CD36
genes suggests metabolic perturbations in a failing heart. Dysregulation of proinflammatory cytokine receptors
IL1R1
and
IL1R2
and matrix metalloproteinases,
MMP8
and
MMP9
indicates structural remodeling that accompanies the clinical manifestation of symptomatic cardiotoxicity.
Association of Racial Residential Segregation With Long‐Term Outcomes and Readmissions After Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Abbott Ethan E. , Buckler David G. , Hsu Jesse Y. , Abella Benjamin S. , Richardson Lynne D. , Carr Brendan G. , Zebrowski Alexis M.
Published: September 2023

Background

The national impact of racial residential segregation on out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest outcomes after initial resuscitation remains poorly understood. We sought to characterize the association between measures of racial and economic residential segregation at the ZIP code level and long‐term survival and readmissions after out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest among Medicare beneficiaries.

Methods and Results

In this retrospective cohort study, using Medicare claims data, our primary predictor was the index of concentration at the extremes, a measure of racial and economic segregation. The primary outcomes were death up to 3 years and readmissions. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) across all 3 types of index of concentration at the extremes measures for each outcome while adjusting for beneficiary demographics, treating hospital characteristics, and index hospital procedures. In fully adjusted models for long‐term survival, we found a decreased hazard of death and risk of readmission for beneficiaries residing in the more segregated White communities  and higher‐income ZIP codes compared with the more segregated Black communities and lower‐income ZIP codes across all 3 indices of concentration at the extremes measures (race: HR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.81–0.93]; income: HR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.69–0.78]; and race+income: HR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.72–0.82]).

Conclusions

We found a decreased hazard of death and risk for readmission for those residing in the more segregated White communities  and higher‐income ZIP codes compared with the more segregated Black communities and lower‐income ZIP codes when using validated measures of racial and economic segregation. Although causal pathways and mechanisms remain unclear, disparities in outcomes after out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest are associated with the structural components of race and wealth and persist up to 3 years after discharge.
Immune Markers, Blood Pressure Severity, and Cardiac Remodeling 1 to 2 Years After Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Authors: Koczo Agnes , Hauspurg Alisse , Countouris Malamo E. , Berlacher Kathryn L. , Özbay Benay , Hanley‐Yanez Karen , Catov Janet
Published: September 2023

Background

Cardiovascular dysfunction and hypertension can persist postpartum following hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs). This study hypothesized that activin A, proinflammatory markers and concentric remodeling by echo would be higher 1‐2 years postpartum following HDP with persistent hypertension compared to HDP with normalized blood pressure (BP). We further hypothesized correlations between biomarkers with BP and echocardiographic indices.

Methods and Results

This study enrolled participants with HDPs but no prepregnancy hypertension followed 1 to 2 years after delivery. Activin A and inflammatory cytokines, BP, and echocardiograms were obtained. Biomarker concentrations and echocardiographic parameters were compared between HDP with and without persistent hypertension. Individuals with persistent hypertension at a mean of 1.6 years postpartum had significantly higher activin A concentrations (median[interquartile range 25–75] 230.6 [196.0–260.9] versus 175.3 pg/mL [164.3–188.4];
P
<0.01), more concentric left ventricular concentric remodeling (relative wall thickness >0.42, 48% versus 7%;
P
<0.01), and worse peak left atrial strain (33.4% versus 39.3%;
P
<0.05) as compared with those whose BP normalized. Higher activin A and interleukin‐6 concentrations correlated with higher systolic (activin A:
r
=0.43,
P
=0.01) and diastolic BP (activin A:
r
=0.58,
P
<0.01; interleukin‐6:
r
=0.36;
P
<0.05), as well as greater left ventricular thickness (activin A and interventricular septal thickness:
r
=0.41, interleukin‐6 and interventricular septal thickness:
r
=0.36; both
P
<0.05).

Conclusions

Individuals with HDPs and persistent hypertension had significantly higher activin A and greater concentric remodeling compared with those with HDPs and normalized BP at 1 to 2 years postpartum. Activin A was positively correlated with both BP and echocardiographic indices (left ventricular thickness), suggesting overlapping processes between persistent hypertension and cardiac remodeling.
Rubens’ landscapes and the Dutch Republic
Authors: Büttner Nils
Published: September 2023

Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640) is generally regarded as the painter of the Counter-Reformation and the embodiment of Flemish Baroque. Since the founding of the Belgian state in 1830, he and his art have been increasingly appropriated as a point of reference for the cultural identity of Flanders. Art was also appropriated in the formation of the national identity of the Kingdom of the Netherlands – in particular the depiction of nature and landscape that had become a speciality of many painters in the northern provinces.

But Rubens too was admired by his contemporaries for his landscapes, and in the Dutch Republic they were held in high esteem. For his part, Rubens can be shown to have followed closely developments in landscape painting on the Northern side of the border. Despite the difficult political situation, there was also an ongoing exchange between North and South, even during the Eighty Years’ War. Rubens bought and owned Dutch pictures, and added human and animal figures to landscapes of his Dutch colleagues. He took a general interest in such pictures as an incentive to paint landscapes himself, which, reproduced in prints, became well-known in the Dutch Republic.

In terms of landscape art, not only can a lively exchange of images and ideas be demonstrated, but it can also be shown that the existing differences were not understood as an expression of different political or religious contexts. The example of Rubens and his landscapes shows the value of a change of perspective to focus not on the differences between Flemish and Dutch art, but on cultural cross-border connections.
Philcarneum new genus and Constricticollis new genus, two distinctive rhinoceros beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from opposite sides of Australia with a revised key to the Australian dynastine genera
Authors: ALLSOPP PETER G. , HUTCHINSON PAUL M.
Published: September 2023

Females of two unusual dynastines (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from Australia are described and compared with other known Australian genera and species. Philcarneum aenigma Allsopp & Hutchinson new genus, new species from coastal southeastern New South Wales was recognised as novel in the 1980s, but has lacked a formal name, making it ‘invisible’ in the literature. It is placed in the Cheiroplatina. Constricticollis clunis Hutchinson & Allsopp new genus, new species recently captured near Kununurra, northern Western Australia is placed in the Pentodontina. Within the Dynastinae many important generic-level characters relate to mouthpart morphology, which are not sexually dimorphic, thus allowing to determine females to genera in absence of males, whose secondary sexual characters (obvious horns, claw modifications, antennal club length, etc.) are often used in keys. The key to Australian Dynastinae in Weir et al. (2019) is modified to accommodate these two genera and Erbmahcedius Hutchinson & Allsopp, 2021. Distributional maps and data on habitats are provided.
Nature-Related Odors Influence Stress and Eating Behavior: A Laboratory Experiment With Pine and Grass Volatiles
Authors: Michels Nathalie , Boudrez Shania , Lamprea Pineda Paula Alejandra , Walgraeve Christophe
Published: September 2023

Before and after Trier Social Stress Test, 91 participants (18–50 years, 67% women) inhaled one odor during 10 min: Scots pine, grass (=cis-3-hexenol), or control (=demineralized water). Group differences were tested on repeated measurements of stress (affect reports, salivary cortisol and heart rate variability) and eating behavior (food choice and craving). Both nature olfactory exposures improved some stress outcomes. Both were associated with lower cortisol in non-stress conditions, but only grass odor was more beneficial for negative affect decrease after stress. No effect on heart rate variability was seen. Some contradictory findings were present for eating behavior. In non-stress situations, grass odor increased vegetable preference, while the pine odor group had higher sweet high-fat snack preference. Grass odor was also reported to induce healthier food choices. During stress recovery, both pine and grass odor groups had higher preference to sweet high-fat snacks.
Religious Freedom in an Age of The Global War on Christianity: A Nigerian Christian Perspective
Authors: Wankar Gabriel T.
Published: September 2023

Nigeria ranks as the world’s most violent place for Christians today. Christianity and Islam, the major religions in Nigeria, are known to preach love and peace worldwide. A brief review of the grim reality of the practical implications of these claims against endemic violence questions the meaning of religion in Nigeria. This article relates the abuse and violation of rights and, therefore, proposes the universal human right of religious freedom as a more reliable path to peaceful coexistence, as against tolerance, which today has been acknowledged as a failed strategy for enduring peace.
The platformization of the public sphere and its challenge to democracy
Authors: Fischer Renate , Jarren Otfried
Published: September 2023

Democracy depends on a vivid public sphere, where ideas disseminate into the public and can be discussed – and challenged - by everyone. Journalism has contributed significantly to this social mediation by reducing complexity, providing information on salient topics and (planned) political solutions. The digital transformation of the public sphere leads to new forms of media provision, distribution, and use. Journalism has struggled to adapt to the new conditions. Journalistic news values, relevant to democracy, are being replaced by ones relevant to social media platforms’ attention seeking business model. We plead for a broad public debate about the ongoing platformization and about possible policies to ensure a media system that serves and strengthens democracy.
Recent Legal Developments: Criminal Justice Decisions of the United States Supreme Court, 2022 Term
Authors: Hemmens Craig , McGlynn Ciara , McMillin Mary J.
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we review and analyze the criminal justice–related decisions of the 2022 term of the United States Supreme Court. We also provide a summary of the Court's voting patterns and opinion authorship. Fourteen of the Court's 58 decisions touched on criminal justice. There were significant decisions involving the First Amendment, the Sixth Amendment, and federal criminal statutes. Each of these is discussed in turn.
Retrieving Materialism: The Continued Relevance of Dorothy Smith
Authors: Lund Rebecca W. B.
Published: September 2023

In this article, I argue that Smith’s continued relevance coincides with more recent retrievals of Marx-inspired materialism. This materialism and the associated understanding of human beings—the social, language, and world people share in common—certainly do not capture all there is to say about Smith’s eclectic and expansive social theory. However, the material dimension distinguishes her work from many other feminist sociologies and results in her continued relevance as a thinker who brings to the table another way of doing feminist sociology. I illustrate this by showing how Smith’s Marx-inspired materialism and its associated understanding of language offer a productive and timely alternative to the feminist social theory of anti-categorical intersectional theory and new materialist theory.
Common Mechanisms Underlying the Effect of Angry Rumination on Reactive and Proactive Aggression: A Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Hou Yueyi , Li Xiong , Xia Ling-Xiang
Published: September 2023

The different influencing factors and mechanisms of the two basic kinds of aggression (i.e., reactive and proactive aggression) are salient. However, they also have common influencing factors and mechanisms, which are ignored to some extent. In addition, discovering the common mechanisms is conducive to further revealing the nature and law of aggression. To address these issues, this study tested a relational model incorporating angry rumination, moral disengagement, harm aversion, reactive aggression, and proactive aggression from the perspective of aggressive motivation. A total of 1,186 undergraduate students from eight universities were recruited. The results showed that angry rumination was significantly associated with reactive and proactive aggression. Importantly, moral disengagement acted as a common mediator, and harm aversion acted as a common moderator in the effect of angry rumination on reactive and proactive aggression. Specifically, the enhancement effects of low levels of harm aversion on these relationships are due to that it could promote the effects of angry rumination on the common mediator of moral disengagement. An aggressive motivation perspective was developed to comprehensively explain the common mediating and moderating effects. The present study contributes to a greater understanding of the mechanisms of reactive and proactive aggression and how aggressive motivations shape the model of aggressive behavior. These findings support and extend current aggression theories, especially aggression motivation theories. This study could provide insights for targeted aggression prevention interventions.
Contending fan engagement strategies in China's translocal economy: The case of Tibetan cyber star Ding Zhen
Authors: Yang Yuqing
Published: September 2023

The Ding Zhen phenomenon saw a young Tibetan herder from Litang County of Sichuan Province gain a spotlight within China’s new-media celebrity industry, introducing a mode of translocal connectedness through a fan economy. The mode of connectedness features social engagement between Ding Zhen’s extra-local fans and a state-owned company in Litang with aims to profit from the influence of this cyber star to develop ethnic tourism, in line with the trend of using technological marketing solutions for poverty alleviation. Interacting with Litang’s media tactic, Ding Zhen’s fan communities on two Super Topics (超话) on Weibo compete to define proper fan behaviour and champion the rights and subject personhood of their idol beyond the limits of his localized identity. At the same time, the company aligns with the state’s stance on fan disciplining as a way of regulating fan friction and activism. The challenges faced by fans within the current media climate as they attempt to uphold fan subculture, as well as those faced by a highland ethnic town grappling with the complexities of unbalanced spatial development, serve as the underlying factors driving translocal cooperation and conflicts. In their intertwined situations, both extra-local fans and the local community seek empowerment, navigating their tensions towards a dynamic of accommodation.
Incidence of herpes simplex virus type 2 positivity among women living with human immunodeficiency virus in South Africa
Authors: Asare Kwabena , Ngcapu Sinaye , Osman Farzana , Mindel Adrian , Naicker Nivashnee , Khanyile Mlungisi , Karim Salim S. Abdool , Tomita Andrew , Garrett Nigel
Published: September 2023

Background

For women living with HIV (WLHIV), co-infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) causes severe genital ulcers and presents additional challenges for their HIV care. To inform preventive strategies, we aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors of HSV-2 positivity in a prospective cohort of South African women.

Methods

The CAPRISA 002 study enrolled women at acute HIV infection between 2004 and 2020. HSV-2 testing was conducted by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay on collected vaginal swabs up to twice annually during follow-up. We calculated incidence as the number of new cases per 100 person-years (PYs) and used Cox-proportional-hazard regression to identify factors associated with time-to-HSV-2 PCR positivity.

Results

At enrolment, the median age of 171 women was 24 years, interquartile range (IQR 21–28), and the estimated median days since HIV infection was 42 (IQR 22–65). Of participants tested at enrolment, HSV-2 antibody prevalence was 81.4% (105/129), and 10.6% (12/113) were positive by PCR. Among 147 women with a prior negative HSV-2 PCR diagnosis, we observed 47 new HSV-2 PCR positive cases over 424.4 PYs of follow-up, yielding an incidence rate of 11.1 cases per-100-PYs. HSV-2 PCR positivity incidence was higher among younger women (<25 years: adjusted Hazard Ratio [aHR] = 5.91, 95%CI 3.02–11.6), those with bacterial vaginosis (BV) (Nugent score 7–10: aHR = 2.17, 95%CI 1.15–4.10) and lower CD4 counts (<500 cells/μl: aHR = 2.04, 95%CI 1.08–3.87).

Conclusion

After acute HIV infection in women, the incidence of HSV-2 PCR positivity was associated with younger age, BV diagnosis and lower CD4 count.
Determinants of Marketing Channel Choice Among Handloom Micro-entrepreneurs: Evidence From Rural Assam, India
Authors: Faruque Saddam , Guha Pradyut
Published: September 2023

Using primary data collected from 230 handloom micro-entrepreneurs of rural Assam, present study made an attempt to understand the marketing efficiency across different marketing channels of handloom products, and identify the factors determining handloom micro-entrepreneurs’ decision to select a marketing channel. Marketing efficiency was examined using standardised indices. A multinomial logistic regression model was estimated for identifying the factors determining marketing channel choice decision of handloom micro-entrepreneurs. Analysis of data reveals that though the retailer channel was economically most efficient among the three identified marketing channels in the study area, majority of handloom micro-entrepreneurs have chosen the least efficient channel of travelling traders for selling their produce. Using travelling traders as reference category, the results of regression estimate suggest that education of the entrepreneurs, firm size, access to market information, collective action through weavers’ groups, access to credits, and transaction cost-related factors significantly influenced the decision of handloom micro-entrepreneurs in the choice of marketing channels.
A Comprehensive Review on Possible Synergistic Therapeutic Effects and Comparison Between Phytochemical and Nutritional Profile of Medicago sativa and Panax ginseng
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Kumar Ashok , Nayal Suhasini , Shukla Aman , Kailkhura Shashank
Published: September 2023

Medicago sativa is the “Father of all herbs” or “King of Herbs,” and Panax ginseng is the “‘Man root” or “Herb for all healings.” Individually, both have copious numbers of phytochemicals and nutrients like flavonoids, saponins, ginsenosides, vitamins, minerals, protein, and so on, and this has already been proven by many scientific studies. This comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of the potential health benefits of M. sativa and P. ginseng as herbs for complete wellness. The review also compares the nutritional profiles of these two herbs and discusses the potential synergistic effects of combining them with some existing scientific evidence. The review highlights the need for further research to validate the efficacy of these herbs as a magical combination for complete wellness and recommends precautions for potential side effects and dosage considerations. Several studies suggest that individually, each herb has various similar clinical significances, like immunomodulating properties, anti-inflammatory properties, antioxidant properties, improved cognitive function, and so on. But in combination, they may show synergistic effects like improved energy and endurance, immune boosters, and cognitive functions. After studying various articles, it is fair to say that both herbs may be considered complete health tonics for complete wellness. Due to limitations and gaps in the current scientific literature, the findings of this review may contribute to further clinical trials and validation of these herbs for improved wellness.
Assessment of Oral Hygiene Practices Among Antenatal Mothers
Authors: Negi Parul , Kaur Sukhjit , Arora Aashima , Verma Raj Kumar
Published: September 2023

Introduction:

Pregnancy is a natural process. Physiological changes which occur during pregnancy increase the risk of developing oral diseases and potentially result in adverse pregnancy outcomes. So, it is important to maintain oral hygiene, especially during the antenatal period.

Objective:

To assess the oral hygiene practices among antenatal mothers.

Methodology:

A descriptive study was carried out in the Obstetrics and Gynecology OPD, PGIMER Chandigarh, where 200 antenatal mothers visiting Obstetrics and Gynecology OPD, PGIMER from October to December 2020 were enrolled using purposive sampling technique. Ethical clearance was obtained from Ethics Committee, PGIMER, Chandigarh, and written consent was taken from participants. Data were collected by interviewing participants as per interview schedule comprising (a) personal profile of antenatal mothers, (b) obstetric profile, and (c) oral hygiene practices and perception. Oral hygiene status was observed by assessment sheet (a) checklist comprising dental markers and (b) plaque index tool for assessing oral hygiene of antenatal mothers.

Results:

The findings of the study revealed that majority of mothers (86%) had correct perception that poor oral hygiene negatively affects the child and 58% believed that brushing does not cause loosening of teeth. When practices were assessed, it was found that 74.5% mothers brushed once only, 99.5% did not floss and 98.5% did not use mouthwash. Although the perception held by mothers was correct, they did not have good oral hygiene practices. When oral hygiene was assessed, it was found that 84.5% mothers had poor oral hygiene because of various dental problems like gum bleeding, caries, gingivitis, etc., whereas only 3% mothers had good oral hygiene.

Conclusion:

The study concluded that a majority of antenatal mothers had correct perception about oral hygiene, but they did not put it into practice. Many of them had poor oral hygiene. Hence, there is an urgent need for comprehensive educational program to promote good oral health and impart education about correct oral hygiene practices, as oral hygiene is a neglected aspect in pregnancy.
Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Fatigue Among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Rani Deeksha , Kalia Raman
Published: September 2023

Background:

End-stage renal disease is a progressive and permanent deterioration in renal function in which the body’s ability to maintain metabolic and fluid and electrolyte balance is lost, resulting in uremia, increased serum creatinine levels, and elevated levels of blood urea nitrogen (azotemia). It develops over many years or results from repeated attacks of acute kidney disease. Hemodialysis (HD) is used to treat highly complex and permanent kidney failure. In addition to therapeutic effects, repeated HD can cause many complications and health problems.

Objectives:

To assess the activities of daily living (ADL) and fatigue among patients undergoing HD.

Material and Method:

A descriptive study was carried out in the month of February 2021. The assessment of daily living activities was done using the Barthel index. Fatigue was assessed by using the Fatigue Assessment Scale. The purposive sampling technique was used ( N = 100). The data were collected by interviewing participants using a semi-structured interview schedule.

Result:

One-third of patients (35%) were moderately dependent, 31% were independent, 22% were slightly dependent, 8% were severely dependent, and 4% were totally dependent while performing the ADL (mean score, 84.50 ± 21.67). The assessment of fatigue revealed that 37% patients had moderate fatigue, 33% were severely fatigued, and 30% had mild fatigue (mean score, 30.48 ± 10.51).

Conclusion:

Patients on HD have a dependency of varying levels while performing the ADL. The patients also experience mild to severe fatigue. These problems require care and management by nurses in the hospital or by the caregivers at home.
The Chinese Love Affair with Indian Films: A Promising Future
Authors: Yaqoub Muhammad , Jingwu Zhang , Matusitz Jonathan
Published: September 2023

This cross-sectional study examines the acceptance of Indian cinema among Chinese cinephiles to determine how the audience perceives and is influenced after watching Indian films. Researchers surveyed the local Chinese audience and collected 2,129 valid self-structured e-questionnaires. Respondents belonged to Mainland China. Results showed significant characteristics that make Indian movies attractive to about 50% of the Chinese population. Findings also indicate that Chinese people still welcome good stories from India in blockbuster Bollywood films, despite tense Sino-Indian relations. Indian cinema plays a significant role as a soft power bridging both nations. The Indian film industry will continue to evolve to satisfy the audience’s needs in the future.
Social status and sport: A study of young Norwegians
Authors: Seippel Ørnulf , Bergesen Dalen Håvard
Published: September 2023

In this article, we study social status associated with sport. First, we examine the extent to which sport gives social status to Norwegian youths and athletes, how sport does so compared to other status markers and how sport and other various status markers vary by age, gender and cultural class. Second, we study how sport performances influence social status (popularity and likeability) among athletes. We hypothesise that (i) sport has a high status in general and especially among sport participants, (ii) sport loses attraction by age, but less so among sport participants than the general youth population, (iii) sport gives more status to boys than girls and (iv) sport performances influence athletes’ popularity and likability. We use data from the nationally representative Ungdata project of 2015 ( N = 22,856, response rate 70%) and a study conducted by the authors on young athletes participating in organised sport ( N = 387, response rate 74%). The results show that sport has a high status, especially among young sporting males. Cultural class seems less important for sport status. For status within the context of sports, the best-performing athletes are the most popular and best liked athletes. The findings are discussed with regard to recruitment, continuation and dropout from sports.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Disorders: Baseline Findings From an Human Papillomavirus Cohort Study
Authors: Saldaña-Rodríguez Paula , Bahena-Román Margarita , Delgado-Romero Karina , Madrid-Marina Vicente , Torres-Poveda Kirvis
Published: September 2023

Background

A persistent infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is a prerequisite for the development of cervical neoplasms; however, most studies have focused on risk factors associated with HPV-16 and HPV-18 only.

Objectives

We assessed the association of risk factors with the prevalence of HPV-16, HPV-18, and non-16/18 HR-HPV infection and with the occurrence of cervical lesions in the baseline of a cohort study of HPV persistence in a Mexican population.

Methods

Cross-sectional study within the baseline of a 5-year dynamic cohort study of HR-HPV persistence in women with an abnormal cytology study result from 2015 to 2021. HPV DNA was detected using the Anyplex II HPV 28 kit. Data on lifestyle, sociodemographic, and reproductive factors were assessed using bivariate and multivariate analyses to determine the association of risk factors with HR-HPV infection status and histopathologic diagnosis.

Results

A total of 373 women were included in the study. The overall prevalence of HR-HPV infection was 69.97%. The most prevalent HR-HPV genotypes, including single and multiple infections, were HPV-53 (13.4%), HPV-16 (11.8%), HPV-58 (10.9%), HPV-31 (10.9%), and HPV-66 (10.7%). We found 90 multiple HR-HPV infection patterns, all of them with α-6 and -9 species. Significant associations of multiple HPV-16 and non-16/18 HR-HPV infections were found with marital status, number of lifetime sexual partners, and smoking history. The most prevalent genotype in CIN1 and CIN2 patients was HPV-16. No association was found between biological plausibility risk factors and cervical lesions.

Conclusions

The risk factors for non-16/18 HR-HPV multiple infections are no different than those linked to HPV-16 multiple infections.
Impact of Initial Body Weight Loss on Prognosis in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: Insights From a Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Hosokawa Kana , Nishida Tsutomu , Hayashi Daichi , Kitazawa Miharu , Masuda Haruka , Tono Katsuharu , Katanosaka Yuhiko , Sakamoto Naohiro , Fujii Yoshifumi , Sugimoto Aya , Nakamatsu Dai , Matsumoto Kengo , Yamamoto Masashi , Fukui Koji
Published: September 2023

Background

Pancreatic cancer (PC) has a poor prognosis, with body weight loss commonly observed at diagnosis. However, the impact on PC prognosis of weight loss at the time of diagnosis on PC prognosis is unknown.

Methods

This retrospective, single-center study enrolled consecutively patients diagnosed with metastatic or locally advanced PC or resectable PC who were intolerant of or refused surgery. Patients who had lost more than 5% of their body weight or more than 2% and had a body mass index (BMI) of less than 20 kg/m2 at diagnosis were classified as experiencing body weight loss. Patients were subclassified into 2 groups: patients with and without weight loss. The study evaluated patient-related and PC-related factors affecting prognosis. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess factors affecting prognosis. The primary endpoint was overall survival. Additionally, 1:1 propensity score matching was performed to reduce bias.

Results

In total, 220 patients were included in the study. The median age of the patients was 74 years, and 49.1% were male. Weight loss at diagnosis was observed in 43.2% of patients. There were no significant differences in clinical factors, except for anthropometric parameters, between the groups. The median survival time did not differ between the weight loss and no weight loss groups (149 and 173 days, respectively, P = .669). After matching, no significant differences in survival times were observed between the 2 groups.

Conclusions

This study found no association between weight loss at diagnosis and prognosis in patients with advanced PC treated with best supportive care or chemotherapy.
Examining the Content Validity of the Measure of Psychologically Abusive Behaviors: A Qualitative Approach
Authors: Free Bre’Anna L. , Beck J. Gayle
Published: September 2023

The content validity of the Measure of Psychologically Abusive Behaviors (MPAB) was examined via qualitative content analysis of interviews conducted with 262 women who experienced intimate partner violence. Data were coded using MPAB categories and items. Approximately 73.4% of the data were represented by the MPAB at both the category and severity levels; half of the data mapped onto “severe” items. At the category level, 12.3% of the data did not map onto the MPAB; 15.5% of the data mapped onto a category but did not match a severity level. Results support the content validity of the MPAB.
Glyceryl Diesters
Authors: Raj Preethi S. , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Cohen David E. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Rettie Allan E. , Ross David , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Tilton Susan , Fiume Monice , Heldreth Bart
Published: September 2023

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety reviewed newly available studies since their original assessment in 2002, along with updated information regarding product types and concentrations of use, and confirmed that these 17 glyceryl diesters are safe as cosmetic ingredients in the practices of use and concentration as described in this report.
Physiological Measurements in Hospitality and Tourism Research: A Systematic Review and New Theoretical Directions
Authors: Walters Gabby , Jiang Yawei , Li Shanshi
Published: September 2023

This article reviews 82 papers that apply physiological measurement, otherwise known as biometric data collection techniques, in the fields of tourism and hospitality. It aims to reveal the key focus areas to which they have been applied to date, and how researchers have used these techniques in their attempts to contribute knowledge to the field. In doing so, we concentrate on how theory features in these works and critically discuss the role that theory tends to play in research that draws conclusions from physiological data. We find that the most common application of theory is to inform a study’s conceptualization, yet the majority of research to date focuses mainly on practical application. Seldom do hospitality and tourism researchers employing physiological measurement draw on the cognitive psychology and neuroscience theories, despite the insights these theories provide into the neurological and cognitive processes that underlie the data. This review concludes with a novel framework, embedded in cognitive psychology theory, that can be employed by researchers to enhance our understanding of the elicitation of emotion. While acknowledging the practical and informative value of physiological data, we urge researchers to consider relevant theoretical frameworks from both the neuroscience and psychology fields when attempting to draw meaningful conclusions from their data.
One Size Fits All? How CSR Communication Influences Donation and Revisit Intention Differently in Local Independent and Chain Restaurants
Authors: Lin Michael S. , Yeon Jihwan , Zhang Lu
Published: September 2023

Considering that limited research has been conducted to explore corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in the local brand context, compared to the global brand context, this study is to bridge the gap by comparing CSR initiatives in local independent restaurants with those of international chain restaurants. Two studies were performed to examine the impact of CSR type and construal level in CSR messages using experimental designs. In addition, the mediating effects of perceived warmth and competence were examined as potential psychological mechanisms explaining consumers’ reactions. Findings show that consumers are more likely to donate to CSR initiatives of chain restaurants and revisit them when the initiatives lean toward local community CSR rather than global environmental CSR. Also, consumers prefer local community CSR initiatives that are presented in detail in local independent restaurants. This study also reveals different mediating effects of perceived warmth and competence in relation to CSR type, restaurant type, and consumer behaviors.
Re-examining the Nexus Between Maternal Smoking Behavior and Under-Five Children’s ARI in India: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Rahaman Margubur , Roy Avijit , Latif Md Abdul , Rana Md Juel , Chouhan Pradip , Das Kailash Chandra
Published: September 2023

Background:

The burden of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) among children under-five is a serious concern in lower and middle-income countries (LMICs), including India, where it is positively associated with indoor smoking exposures. This study re-examines the impact of maternal smoking on ARIs among children under 5 in India, considering other indoor air pollutant factors and covariates. The aim is to establish existing findings and capture any differentials in results using comprehensive analytical approaches.

Methods:

Data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), 2019 - 21, was used. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, multivariable logistic regression models, and interaction analysis were applied to accomplish the study objective.

Results:

The adjusted likelihood of ARI was 1.24 (95% CI: 1.04-1.48) times higher in under-five children with smoking mothers than those with non-smoking mothers. The result was also observed to be almost similar across all seasons. Moreover, the combined effect of maternal smoking with other household members smoking and using unclean cooking fuel without a separate ventilated kitchen escalated the risk (AOR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.98-2.67). Breastfeeding was found to be a preventive measure for reducing the risk of indoor smoking exposure. The children who were never breastfed and were born large or small were more susceptible to maternal smoking.

Conclusion:

The study highlights the association between maternal smoking and ARIs in Indian under-five children. Interventions include reducing maternal smoking, promoting breastfeeding, and improving respiratory health in fuel-exposed households.
Adolescent and Caregiver Perspectives on Family Navigation to Improve Healthcare Access and Use for Managing Pediatric Obesity
Authors: Ball Geoff DC , O’Neill Marcus G , Rath Mitchell , Kebbe Maryam , Perez Arnaldo , Zenlea Ian , Ho Josephine
Published: September 2023

We interviewed families to explore their views on the role of family navigation (FN) to improve access to and use of health services for managing pediatric obesity. From March to December, 2020, we conducted individual, structured telephone interviews with adolescents with obesity (13-17 years old) and their caregivers from Edmonton and Calgary, Canada. Among our 37 participants (14 adolescents, 23 caregivers), most (n = 27; 73.0%) reported FN could improve their access to obesity management. Participants recommended several activities to support healthcare access and use, including appointment reminders, evening/weekend appointments, parking/transportation support, and in-clinic childcare, all of which help families to attend appointments over an extended period to support obesity management. Most participants preferred FN be offered by healthcare professional ‘navigators’ who were approachable, empathic, and compassionate since issues regarding health and obesity can be sensitive, emotional topics to discuss. Overall, families supported integrating FN into multidisciplinary pediatric obesity management to improve healthcare access and use by navigators who apply a range of practical strategies and relational skills to enhance long-term access and adherence to care.
HIV drug resistance in the era of contemporary antiretroviral therapy: A clinical perspective
Authors: Carr Andrew , Mackie Nicola E , Paredes Roger , Ruxrungtham Kiat
Published: September 2023

Contemporary antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens have high barriers to the development of drug resistance. However, resistance to earlier antiretrovirals and uncommon cases of resistance to contemporary ART illustrate the continued need for good clinical management of HIV drug resistance. Here, we describe HIV drug-resistance mechanisms, the interaction of HIV drug-resistant mutations and the patterns of drug resistance to contemporary ART. We then provide guidance on the management of HIV drug resistance, including how to limit the development of resistance and manage virologic failure that is complicated by resistance. To complement this, links to resources and treatment guidelines are provided that can assist with the interpretation of HIV drug resistance test results and optimal ART selection in the clinic.
‘If they touch our cloudberries, that means war’: Rural liveability and acceptance of environmental impacts from event tourism
Authors: Eriksson Axel
Published: September 2023

Through the lens of liveability and Buen Vivir, I explore how local actors form their acceptance of the physical impact on nature caused by a trail marathon in north-central Sweden, particularly given trail and soil erosion. With a qualitative multi-method research approach, the findings reveal that the local actors minimise the impacts by getting involved in various activities both inside and outside the event. Different knowledge and practices foster sustainability and create acceptance. While the growth of tourism creates unease and feelings of inadequate control, this event is seen as a distinct phenomenon. I show that liveability goes beyond perception and requires integration of the local environment into local practices. Current acceptance may however be eroded if more or larger events occur in the future. Policies and planning must therefore acknowledge and incorporate these local practices to create sustainability.
GPER1 contributes to T3-induced osteogenesis by mediating glycolysis in osteoblast precursors
Authors: Xue Ying , Liu Guo-ming , Ke Dian-shan , Yu Yun-long , Hou Jian-Ming
Published: September 2023

Triiodothyronine (T3) is critical to osteogenesis, which is the key factor in bone growth. Our transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis results indicated that T3 leads to enhanced expression of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) as well as increases in glycolysis metabolite levels. Accordingly, our study aimed to explore the role of GPER1-mediated glycolysis in T3-regulated osteogenesis. The MC3T3-E1 cell line was used as an osteoblast precursor model. After treatment with T3, a GPER1-specific antagonist (G15) and inhibitor of glycolysis (3PO) were used to explore the roles of GPER1 and glycolysis in T3-regulated osteogenesis, as measured by ALP activity, Alizarin red staining intensity and osteogenic molecule expression. Our results showed that T3 promoted osteogenesis-related activity, which was reversed by treatment with G15. In addition, T3 enhanced the glycolytic potential and production of lactic acid (LD) in MC3T3-E1 cells, and treatment with G15 restored the aforementioned effects of T3. Ultimately, the pharmacological inhibition of glycolysis with 3PO blocked the ability of T3 to enhance osteogenic activities. In conclusion, GPER1 mediates glycolysis in osteoblast precursors, which is critical for T3-promoted osteogenesis.
Role of self-efficacy on functional limitations among persons with spinal cord injury
Authors: Bhattarai Muna , Shigemoto Yuki , Smedema Susan Miller
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in mild to severe functional limitations, decreasing a person's ability to perform activities of daily living. This study aims to identify the influence of SCI characteristics and self-efficacy on functional limitations, controlling for sociodemographic factors.

Methods

Participants for this cross-sectional descriptive study included 272 persons with SCI. The participants completed questionnaires on sociodemographic information, secondary physical conditions, self-efficacy, and functional limitations, using an online Qualtrics Survey. Multiple hierarchical regression analysis was performed to test the hypothesis.

Results

Participants reported higher functional limitations on dressing the lower body and managing their bowels compared to other activities of daily living. The sociodemographics, injury characteristics, and self-efficacy collectively accounted for 66% variance in functional limitations. A higher level of secondary physical conditions and tetraplegia injury contributed to higher functional limitations. As hypothesized, greater self-efficacy significantly contributed to low functional limitations above and beyond sociodemographic and SCI-related variables.

Discussion

Functional limitations following SCI are a pervasive challange in persons with SCI. Early recognition and management of secondary conditions and implementation of psychological interventions to strengthen self-efficacy in performing activities and managing secondary complications could potentially enhance functional independence and, ultimately, quality of life in this population.