bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Multivariate Investigation of Overall Happiness, Job Satisfaction and Income Satisfaction of Women and Men inTurkey
Authors: E. MERT Aslı
Published: April 2020

This paper examines the factors affecting working women’s and men’s overall happiness, job satisfaction and income satisfaction levels and the association between these means of happiness. Women and men, who are satisfied with their workplace relations relative to those who are not, are more likely to report that they are satisfied or very satisfied with their life, job and income. Women’s job and income satisfaction and men’s all three means of happiness are more likely to be high for those who received a pay rise last year. The strongest correlation is observed between job and income satisfaction for both women and men, which is slightly stronger for women that challenges the arguments on women’s financial motivation to be not as strong as men at work. Findings support the spillover hypothesis: it is observed pairwise between all three components of happiness.
Decentralization Matter of Healthcare and Effect on Regional Healthcare Efficiency: Evidence from Turkey
Authors: MANAVGAT Gökçe , DEMİRCİ Ayhan
Published: April 2020

The research object of the current study is to examine the impact of regional decentralization model on the performance of public healthcare services in Turkey. The efficiency of public hospitals has been determined by the type of healthcare services, “general healthcare” and “oral-dental healthcare”, with Data Envelopment Analysis at the level of 81 provinces (NUTS-3) for 2014 and 2017. By continuing the transition to decentralization in public health services, the possible effects on the regional health level were analyzed. Notably, this study proposes a two-dimensional approach, one of them is to determine public hospital performance at province level, and the other one is to examine whether the decentralization of health services had a significant effect on the efficiency of bounder (contiguity) provinces other means to catch spillover between performance scores. In the results of the study, the efficiency scores of 81 province hospitals differed significantly according to the provision of service patterns. And the relative efficiency scores are increasing with decentration approaches when is compared 2014 and 2017. Furthermore, there is a positive spatial spillover between every two types of hospital service province unit among public hospitals. This means that the hospital efficiency in the contiguous province has an effect of increasing the efficiency score of the region. This suggests that the decentralization model in public health services may have the potential tool to create a positive impact on the health level in the future if supported by progressive economic and health policies for developing countries.
Las funciones del Congreso mexicano
Authors: Camacho Quiroz César , Muñiz Díaz Carlos
Published: April 2020

En el presente artículo se exponen las funciones del Congreso mexicano a la luz de la teoría sociológica del funcionalismo de Bronislaw Malinowski, basada en los conceptos de necesidad y función. Aplicada dicha teoría al análisis del Poder Legislativo se comprenden mejor las necesidades que cada función satisface: la representativa, legislativa, financiera y de control, al menos. Con su ejercicio, fortalece la vida democrática y el estado de derecho; y se destaca el papel del Legislativo como instancia de equilibrio, de fiscalización y control indispensable en un sistema plural y diverso que acrecienta su legitimidad por el origen popular de sus miembros y por el ejercicio democrático de sus atribuciones. Mucho más, a diferencia del Ejecutivo es colegiado y, contrario al Judicial, es plural, lo cual lo convierte en el summum de la representación nacional.
Candidaturas independientes: algunos problemas procesales en su implementación en el proceso electoral 2017-2018 en México
Authors: González Gómez Mario Alberto , Wong Meraz Víctor Alejandro
Published: April 2020

El presente texto tiene el objeto de presentar algunos problemas procesales en la implementación de las candidaturas independientes en México, a partir de la reforma 2014, y particularmente en su primera experiencia en la elección presidencial en el proceso electoral 2017-2018, tomando como marco referencial el caso del candidato Jaime Heliodoro Rodríguez Calderón, para a partir de las sentencias dictadas por el Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación, identificar problemáticas concretas en aspectos como el derecho de audiencia en la verificación del apoyo ciudadano, las reglas del financiamiento para candidatos independientes, la rigidez en los requisitos y plazos para su cumplimiento, el requisito de dispersión; y por otra parte la asignación de regidurías por el principio de representación proporcional en la elección de ayuntamientos para candidatos independientes. Para una vez expuesta la problemática, presentar alguna propuesta de solución.
Tribunales internacionales insertos en mecanismos regionales y disociados, ante soluciones globales protectoras de los derechos humanos
Authors: Moraga Mejías Miguel Ángela
Published: April 2020

Para disfrutar plenamente de los derechos humanos se requiere de Cortes internacionales competentes en tales materias, de lo contrario se desplomaría todo espíritu dogmático. Por tal razón analizaremos si las respuestas jurisdiccionales internacionales son coherentes con cada momento histórico. Observaremos que tales derechos ya no pueden garantizarse solo con sistemas regionales, sino que debemos orientarnos hacia una Corte especializada y universal. Actualmente hay Cortes continentales especializadas y sub-continentales no especializadas generándose una coexistencia y superposición territorial en Europa, América y África de singulares características, sobre todo, en cómo las Cortes no especializadas, obtuvieron sus competencias en derechos humanos, afectando al principio de atribución de competencias que rige en la dimensión transnacional de la jurisdicción.
El proceso monitorio como instrumento para la tutela del crédito
Authors: Ramírez Benavente María Dolores
Published: April 2020

Este artículo tiene como objetivo el examen del proceso monitorio introducido en España en el año 2000 y sus diversas modificaciones legislativas. Se estudiarán sus orígenes históricos y su naturaleza jurídica con carácter introductorio para facilitar su comprensión. Asimismo, se dividirá analíticamente el proceso en sus principales momentos con la intención de ofrecer una visión pormenorizada de cada una de sus fases y presentar la problemática inherente a cada una de ellas. Finalmente, se expondrán las conclusiones surgidas de este análisis con la finalidad de contribuir al conocimiento y práctica del proceso monitorio, teniendo en cuenta su carácter tutelar del crédito dentro de nuestro ordenamiento jurídico.
Estado de Derecho. Discusión entre fondo y forma en la ley
Authors: Valencia Juárez Crescencio , Díaz Herrera Víctor
Published: April 2020

El presente texto, intenta poner de relieve la falsa idea de contradicción existente entre la formalidad y la sustancia de las normas, un debate entre la forma y fondo del derecho. Ello en el entendido que, todo sistema jurídico desarrollado sobre la concepción de un Estado Constitucional y Democrático de Derecho, debe contener controles tanto formales como sustanciales demostrables en la conformidad y coherencia de las leyes y los actos jurídicos. En tal contexto, se realiza el estudio de la naturaleza del derecho, concretamente desde dos teorías: 1) Los postulados de Summers respecto a la forma del derecho; y, 2) El garantismo de Luigi Ferrajoli. Estudio que lleva por justificación, ponderar el ideal político denominado Estado de Derecho, regido y racionalizado por una Constitución democrática.
RUIPÉREZ ALAMILLO, J., Reforma constitucional y supresión del Senado como Cámara de representación territorial. Un estudio de Teoría del Derecho Constitucional como Ciencia conceptual y ciencia práctica, Editorial Porrua (México, 2018), 378 pp.
Authors: Cabanas Veiga Manuel
Published: April 2020

Al abordar el objeto de la investigación, en relación a la reforma del Senado español, el Doctor Ruipérez Alamillo va a partir de las dificultades que se dieron en el seno de la Constituyente de 1977-78 para llevar a cabo la plasmación del Estado Autonómico, ya que por una parte se partía de la ideología del Estado de las Autonomías como un fundamento del Estado Constitucional, es decir, se partía de que sin autonomía no podía existir la Democracia. Sin embargo, como es por todos conocido, la falta de acuerdo político acerca del modelo territorial determinó, finalmente, que el modelo político por el que se regiría el Estado español quedase indeterminado y fuesen los poderes constituidos los que lo irían configurando a lo largo del tiempo lo que, a la postre, se traduce en que será la dinámica partidista la que establecerá el modelo territorial español a través de los Estatutos de Autonomía. Esta problemática, rigurosa y extensamente explicada en la monografía, es lo que explica que se creasen tanto senadores autonómicos como provinciales, ya que no se sabía que Comunidades Autónomas nacerían finalmente y si no habría ningún senador del primer tipo o si los habría sólo de algunas Comunidades.
Core Decompression by Laser Osteoperforation: A Preliminary Report of New and Minimally Invasive Modality for the Treatment of Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head
Authors: Ali Yakub M. , Sarwar Jahangir M. , Sarker Manash C. , Hossain Mohammad S. , Kayes Muhammad N. , Rahman Muhammed M. , Hainz Hans
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head is a devastating disease that often leads to the destruction of the hip. Core decompression of femoral head is the commonest of all conservative surgical treatments where an 8-10 mm cylindrical core of bone is removed from antero-lateral segment of the femoral head. But it is employed only in early stages of the disease and its results are still of controversial efficacy and most of patients ultimately require total hip arthroplasty. Laser irradiation stimulates the reparative process in the bone and marrow while local hyperthermia produced by the laser vaporizes some of necrotic areas leading to a reduction of the intraosseous pressure which is the fulcrum of AVN regardless of the cause.

Objectives: The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the outcome of core decompression by laser osteoperforation for AVN of the femoral head.

Subjects and methods: The study was carried out at the Institute of Laser Surgery and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh which included 62 hips with AVN in 40 patients.  Preoperative and Postoperative Clinical assessment and Radiological staging were done using ‘Harris Hip Score (HHS)’ and ‘Ficat and Arlet staging’ respectively. Under spinal anesthesia and Fluoroscopic guidance all hips were subjected to ‘Core decompression by Laser Osteo-perforation’ using 970 nm Diode laser through 18G spinal needle via trans-trochanteric and trans-capital approach.

Results: All patients were followed up at intervals of three weeks, three months, six months and then yearly (cases with minimum 3 follow ups were included in this study). According to HHS our results are as : 40.3% - excellent; 21.0% - good; 29.0% - fair; 9.7% - poor. No significant side effects or complications were observed so far.

Conclusion: Core decompression by laser osteoperforation has been proven so far to be an effective, safe and minimally invasive treatment modality for AVN of the femoral head.
Biliary Ascaris with Obstructive Joundice in Ethiopia : A Case Report
Authors: Desita Zerubabel Tegegne
Published: April 2020

A 28 years old female Ethiopian (black) patient presented with epigastric pain and jaundice since a week from presentation. Laboratory examination showed ova of ascaris on stool examination and +3 bilirubin on urine analysis and elevated direct and total serum bilirubin. Ultrasound of the abdomen showed tubular long mobile worms within the gallbladder and bile ducts with intra hepatic bile ducts dilatation. With sonographic diagnosis of biliary ascaris the patient was given mebendazol and got symptomatic improvement. Follow up ultra sound after treatment showed improved abnormal findings. Detail of the case is discussed.
Health Hazards of Garments Sector in Bangladesh: The Case Studies of Rana Plaza
Authors: Tania Fatema , Sultana Nasrin
Published: April 2020

Readymade garments are the most important export item from Bangladesh, yet the working conditions and fire safety records in the factories are often not up to the standard. The sector draws global attention to its quality production and women workers are employed.  Worker deaths are not new in Bangladesh, and while they have led to recriminations and some vital changes, fires, and other tragic accidents continue. The safety record of the Bangladesh garment industry is one of the worst in the world. The study analyzed the types and extent of occupational health hazards of the garment workers. This study aims to give an overview of what action needs to be taken by the different actors involved in order to improve the safety of garment factories in Bangladesh, what has been achieved so far both in preventing future tragedies and compensating the victims of previous incidents. Study finding shows that participants in the study reported a lack of consciousness about occupational safety and health issues. They are unaware of their fundamental rights at workplaces.
The Perception of Dental Practitioners on Laboratory Management for Effective Dental Health Care Delivery: A Case Study of Some Selected Dental Laboratories in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Ugwuda Christian , Ayoade Adegbite A
Published: April 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the management of dental laboratory as it significantly affects effective handling of dental problems among dental patients visiting Dental Hospitals/Centres and consequently for effective dental healthcare delivery system in Lagos State as a case study.

Methodology: One hundred (100) dental professionals working in the selected twenty (20) dental hospital/centres across the study area were selected surveyed through a purposive sampling technique. The research instruments used for study were self-opinionated questionnaires and Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threat SWOT analysis.

Finding: The results showed that state of the laboratories need to be improved in order to meet current global standards of digital state of equipments, then management of the laboratory with the perception of the staff influence the quality of dental care services given to the patients. The SWOT analysis indicated that opportunities within the profession is the adequacy of training and professionalism, while danger of quack workers, obsolete equipment, erratic power supply to run the equipment and lack of government enabling environment are threat and weakness that affect the dental laboratory activities. The study concluded that state of dental laboratory still need more improvement with the use of modern and digital equipments, and the workers re-training are the strengths and opportunities .Therefore, there is need for workshop, conferences and to educate the professional on the latest equipment in the markets on a global level. Then, the Government should embark on infrastructural development of the existing governmental dental facilities and encourage the private ones.
A Case Report of the Dental Quackery in a 42 year old Male Patient
Authors: Ali Fareedi Mukram , Uthappa Roshan K. , Raj A. P. Nirmal , Kumar Sanajay
Published: April 2020

Dental quackery describes the misinterpretation of the diagnosis and treatment of the dental disease. Most commonly dental quacks are the self-styled experts, whose basic tools are very incompetent and also fraud. It is prevalent in India since many decades. Many dental quacks are practicing roadside, which makes money by doing unethical practice and ultimately hampering patient’s oral health. It is thus challenge to the dental practitioners to fight against dental quackery. Hereby, the article describes a case report of dental quackery in 42 year old male patient.
Analysis of the Misconceptions about Aid and Hepatitis among the Student of Nishtar Medical College Multan: A Study of Knowledge, Aptitude, and Perspective
Authors: Awan Abdul Ghafoor , Ghafoor Ammarah , Ghafooor Muhammad Tayyab
Published: April 2020

Introduction: A number of evaluations regarding awareness among people about modes of transmission, sources of transmission and vaccination against HBV, HCV, and HIV have been carried out but very few of them have specifically focused medical students. This study reflects the degree of awareness of 3rd year MBBS students on these issues and their vaccination status. It also depicts whether medical students are afraid of examining patients afflicted with these diseases or not.

Objectives of study: To determine the knowledge and aptitude of medical students about various aspects of HBV, HCV, and HIV diseases.

Data & Methodology: We used primary data in this study which is cross-sectional in study. The data was collected through a structured questionnaire. As many 130 third years students of MBBS students of Nishtar Medical College were selected as the sample of the study. The field survey method was used to collect the data. Statistical description methods such as frequency distribution, graphs, and tables were used to explain and analyze the data.

Findings and Results: Our study evidence shows that 28.4 percent students possessed complete knowledge about the modes of transmission of HBV, HCV, and HIV while 70.7 percent have incomplete knowledge whereas 0.07 percent of the students have no knowledge about these diseases. Similarly, 60 percent of the students have no fear about the examinations of the patients suffering these diseases while 40 percent were afraid about them. Regarding the availability of vaccination against HBV, HCV and HIV 80.7 percent have knowledge about HBV, 42.3 percent about HCV and 16.9 percent about HIV. Our results show that 81.5 percent sampling students were vaccinated against HBV while 19.5 percent were not. Due to lack of awareness, negligence, etc.

Conclusions: Our study concludes that majority of sampling students having full knowledge about these fatal diseases were lower than expected and it is, therefore, recommended that an awareness campaign should be launched so that students should be well-acquainted about the fatal impact of HBV, HCV, and HIV. Special seminars or workshops should be arranged to educate and train these students so that they may be able to cope with these diseases effectively after completion of their education.
Effectiveness of Community Clinic in Urban Area: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Sultana Nasrin , Tania Fatema
Published: April 2020

The Community Clinic is great because it is an opportunity to have complimentary therapies at an affordable price. Establishment of Community Clinic (CC) in 1998 was a significant sector-wide reform in the Health Sector of Bangladesh. The sector was revitalized in 2009 with a vision to provide primary health care service to 6000 population per CC. The proposed number of Community Clinics is 18,000 of which 13,500 were constructed and to remain 4,500 established in the existing Union and Upazila level health and family planning facilities. The aim of the study was to find out the effectiveness of community clinics in selected area of Dhaka city. Among the total respondents, the majority (50%) were housewives with age of 15-24fron service receiver group .Maximum (40%) respondents got information from mass media like Television, Radio, Newspaper, then from husband. Majority of respondents on average of both clinics (80%) said that they were satisfied with the quality of service. But they have a complaint of waiting time and distance of the health center from their residence. According to the service provider, Majority has the specific training in their individual service. But some of them have no training or little training. Only a few Nogorshastho clinics provide regular delivery facilities, but majority clinic does not provide such type of service if all the services related to mother and child will available in these health centers more people will benefited.
TEF [Eragrostis TEF (ZUCC.) Trotter] Seed Quality Variation in East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Anteneh Melkam
Published: April 2020

East Gojjam is one of the major tef seed growing areas of Ethiopia. The main themes of this study were to assess the physical, physiological and health quality of seed in Gozzamin and Enarji Enawga districts, Amhara Regional state, in 2009/2010 cropping season. Data were done by employing SAS (9.0) softwares to analyse the physical, physiological and health quality of seed samples. There was a significat difference in physical purity among seed samples. The analytical purity of the tef seed grown in all PAs was above the national standards for commercial seed. The most abundant seeds of other species in purity analysis were Vitgroe, Sitaria spp, Trampgrass samples which appeared in 31% (4), 23% (3) and 15% (2), respectively. The overall average mean germination percentage was 88.2% with the range of 76.6% to 93.0% and the highest value was recorded for seed obtained from Enarji Enawga F8 (93.0%) followed by F1 (92.3) from Gozzamin. The lowest vigor index 1 was recorded for F7 from Enarji Enawga because of short root length (199.99cm). The highest vigor index II was recorded for samples collected from ESE with 1.68mg mean because of higher seedling dry weight. There was a positive and highly significant correlation (r = 0.603**, p < 0.001) between germination percent and seedling emergence percent. These indicated that as the germination percent increased and seedling emergence percent also increased. Seed storage facilities at farmers are inferior to those at the Ethiopian Seed Enterprise but during shipments should therefore be timed so that seeds can be sown with the minimum delay after receipt. So, shipment of sensitive seeds by air is desirable. Other, wise in conclusion, to enhance tef productivity in east Gojjam zone through supply of improved varieties and quality seed it is important to integrate formal and farmer (informal) seed system.
A study of microvascular and macrovascular complications in prediabetes
Authors: Kalra Ish , Kour Taranjeet
Published: April 2020

Background: Prediabetes, a state defined by the presence of either impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance is a condition in which blood glucose or haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as diabetes.Methods: The present study was conducted for a period of one year with effect from November 2014 to October 2015 and patients were recruited for study from OPD and wards of Department of General Medicine, ASCOMS Hospital, Sidhra. 50 Patients/subjects were selected as per specified inclusion criteria Method of collection of data is based on detailed history, clinical examination and routine investigations.Results: In this study, out of 50 subjects, 8 case who were in the range of impaired glucose tolerance initially at the time of start of study gradually progressed to frank diabetes i.e. 15% over a study period of 1 year.Conclusions: In this study, 50 Patients of impaired glucose tolerance or prediabetes were included in the study. Among 50 subjects, 80% were male and 20% were females. Majority were 30-60 yrs of age, average weight was 65±5 kg, and average height was 150±10cm. In risk factors, 20% of the subjects suffered from hypertension, 40% from lipid derangement, 30% suffered from obesity, 50% suffered from central obesity, 56% are smokers, and 60% have family history of diabetes. 10 subjects out of 50 i.e. 20% suffered from cardiovascular complications, no subject presented with peripheral neuropathy.
Influence of dermatophytosis on quality of life: a cross sectional study from Kashmir Valley in North India
Authors: Bashir Shahnawaz , Hassan Iffat , T. Wani Rabbanie
Published: April 2020

Background: Over the past few years, dermatophytosis tends to be prolonged and persistent which negatively affects quality of life and relationship of patients with other people. There is limited literature available on the impact of dermatophytosis on the quality of life (QoL). The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of dermatophytosis on QoL in affected patients and identifying the risk factors associated therein.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study (descriptive study) in which 425 patients aged ≥18 years with dermatophytosis were included and evaluated for impact on QoL using dermatology life quality index (DLQI) questionnaire. Modified Kuppuswamy scale was also used for assessing the socioeconomic status of the study subjects. Independent t-test and ANOVA were used to find statistical associations between mean DLQI scores and various variables, wherever applicable.Results: The mean DLQI score in our study was 13.93±6.26. Dermatophytosis was found to have a very large effect on the QoL in majority (55.5%) of our subjects followed by moderate effect in 29.5% cases. Mean DLQI was higher in patients with longer duration of disease, involvement of unexposed sites (groins, gluteal region, axillae), greater number of sites involved, more body surface area involved, pruritus, redness and burning sensation (p<0.05). Regarding socio-demographic related variables, Mean DLQI score was higher in females, rural people, in (20-39) years age group, and in patients belonging to upper middle class (p<0.05).Conclusions: This study revealed significant impairment of QoL patients with dermatophytosis.
Mycotoxins in Children’s Food: Problem and Halal Management
Authors: Abdel-Wahhab Mosaad A. , El-Nekeety Aziza A. , Aly Soher E.
Published: April 2020

Mycotoxins are ubiquitous compounds found in the natural life cycle of food- producing plants. They have a range of diverse chemical and physical properties and toxicological effects on man and animal. Mycotoxins are considered the most important contaminants of the food chain due to their chronic adverse effects on health and the economy. Mycotoxins are known as the 21th century “Great Masquerader” due to its complex natural history involving different tissues and resembling different diseases at each stage in its evolution. Mycotoxins can induce a variety of clinical symptoms including epistaxis, conjunctivitis, coughing, apnea, wheezing, vomiting and nausea. Some mycotoxins induce acute pulmonary hemorrhage, bone marrow failure and pneumonia. Knowledge about these symptoms enables the clinician to ask questions for possible exposure to the main classes of mycotoxins to protect children from sources of such exposure. These sources may include food, clothes, furniture and indoor air at home. Early childhood exposure to mycotoxins may be critical determinants of later health effects. Exposure in utero and through early infancy may additionally be important. Several well-known diseases such as neural tube defects, liver and esophageal cancers are associated with the consumption of mycotoxin-contaminated food. Knowledge of previous short or long term exposure to mycotoxins may help paediatricians to more accurately diagnose and provide treatment options to children and their families. The current review discusses the problems associated with the occurrence of different common mycotoxins in children’s food and the possible halal strategies to counteract these problems.
La oralidad y sus metáforas en las aulas de clase
Authors: Cortés Diego Arias
Published: April 2020

La propuesta que se desarrolla en este documento busca aportar teórica y metodológicamente al ámbito de la enseñanza de la lengua oral en las aulas, específicamente en la educación media colombiana y en cuanto a lo que se ha denominado metáforas de la vida cotidiana (Lakoff y Johnson, 1986). Para ello se parte de algunas consideraciones teóricas en torno a la oralidad como performance (Vich y Zavala, 2004) y como texto oral (Moreno, 2011); además, se define la metáfora desde el campo de la Lingüística Cognitiva (Cuenca y Hilferty, 2007). Posteriormente se da paso a la exposición de unos procedimientos orientados a la enseñanza de las metáforas de la vida cotidiana que, para este caso, tienen una fuerte filiación en la oralidad. Se culmina con unas conclusiones acerca de la enseñanza de la oralidad y de sus metáforas. Se destaca, entonces, que la oralidad, entendida como performance o texto oral, es otra dimensión del conocimiento que no debe ser evaluada desde los parámetros de la cultura letrada.
How and Why Laurent Ney Finds Steel Structural Forms
Authors: Adriaenssens Sigrid
Published: April 2020

The talent, knowledge and approaches of the structural designer Laurent Ney (1964-present) are increasingly recognized by engineering, architecture and construction awards. Most of the writing on his work has focused on his design philosophy or on individual projects. The aim of this
paper is threefold: 1) to provide a social, historic and geological context for his work, 2) to showcase how he masters digital and numerical shape finding and optimization approaches to inform his design and construction decisions and 3) to illustrate how his works revive underutilized public
spaces and augment people's happiness and well-being. The three chosen case studies are all large-span steel structures: one beam bridge (Centner) and two shell structures (steel/glass gridshell over the courtyard of the Dutch Maritime Museum and the hanging steel shell of the Knokke Lichtenlijn
footbridge). The scholarship presented in this paper forms the basis for one of the contemporary lectures of CEE262 "Structures and the Urban Environment," a course first taught by Prof. Billington in 1974 at Princeton University.
Personal Thoughts in Tribute to David P. Billington
Authors: Motro René
Published: April 2020

How to relate an exchange with a recognized personality who is known for his books, his lectures and his teaching? How to situate this work of transmission operated by D. P. Billington to highlight the specificities of those engineers who are said to be artists? It may be by letting
our thoughts wander to bring back memories of meetings and readings. This is the choice made for this contribution. Meet D. P. Billington, immerse yourself in his library at Princeton this place of reflection and memory resulting from his impressive work. There follow paragraphs devoted to
some examples extracted from his teaching and writings, but also to the symbolic aspect, indispensable part in any artistic work. The identity of the artists' engineers is thus better defined, be it Maillart, Eiffel or Gaudi among others. The major role of the morphogenesis phase of their
works is emphasized as the concomitance of a theoretical and technical skills that is put at the service of the design. D. P. Billington has been able to convey his historian's perspective by making available pertinent analyses, based on his erudition.
Tile Vaulting Innovations by Rafael Guastavino Jr. and Eduardo Torroja
Authors: Ochsendorf John
Published: April 2020

This paper expands on David Billington's pioneering writings on the Spanish school and demonstrates construction innovations by two important 20 th century shell builders: Rafael Guastavino Jr. (1872-1950) and Eduardo Torroja (1899-1961), who each extended traditional tile vaulting
to create new possibilities. Guastavino pursued the potential of tile vaulting as a system of load-bearing structure, creating complex geometries in advance of similar innovations in concrete shells, while Torroja repeatedly used tile vaulting as an economical system of formwork for concrete
shells. Though neither designer was aware of each other's work, in particular because Guastavino Jr. had immigrated to the United States from Spain before Torroja was born, their work shares a number of important similarities. Both builders demonstrate that the Spanish school of shells continues
to inspire designers today.
David Billington's Influence on U.S. Bridge Design
Authors: Gottemoeller Frederick , Healy Robert
Published: April 2020

This paper describes David Billington's efforts to improve American bridge design by bringing his insight concerning structural art to a range of bridge building agencies and their coordinating institutions, beginning with the Departments of Transportation of Maryland and Minnesota.
It also presents his role in bringing to two Maryland bridges the Swiss practice of developing bridge designs via design competitions as a means of resolving contentious public controversies. Finally, it presents two particularly important American bridges that benefitted from his ideas.
Utilização de agrotóxicos no Brasil e sua correlação com intoxicações
Authors: Tavares Danielle Chaves Gonçalves , Shinoda Diva Tiemi , Moreira Selma Saraiva da Costa , Fernandes Amarildo da Cruz
Published: April 2020

Este trabalho investiga a série histórica de consumo de agrotóxicos no Brasil e os tipos de agravos relacionados à sua exposição na saúde dos trabalhadores, analisando estatisticamente a hipótese de relação entre o consumo de agrotóxicos e o aparecimento de sintomas. Os resultados evidenciados na investigação confirmam a hipótese e apontam para a necessidade de melhorias na orientação sobre o uso seguro dos agrotóxicos e nas políticas públicas de prevenção e saúde, que asseguram um labor mais seguro às pessoas, além de uma fiscalização mais atuante, principalmente nos estados da Região Sudeste.
Impactos da inovação nas pequenas empresas do Vale do Rio Doce, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Sodré Filho Joilson
Published: April 2020

Destaques: A implementação da inovação nas pequenas empresas; o desenvolvimento regional do leste mineiro; o crescimento do lucro das empresas em diversos segmentos; o sucesso das pequenas empresas.
Objetivo: Verificar os primeiros resultados da inovação durante o Programa Agentes Locais de Inovação do Vale do Rio Doce, em Minas Gerais, Brasil.
Desenho/Metodologia/Abordagem: Foram obtidos os escores do Radar da Inovação das pequenas empresas atendidas pelo Programa das cidades de Governador Valadares, Coronel Fabriciano, Ipatinga e Timóteo, no período de 2015 a 2017.
Resultados: As empresas apresentaram, de maneira geral, sucesso em relação à inovação proposta pelos agentes entre o ciclo 0 e o ciclo 1 do Radar da Inovação. Foi um grande desafio adequar empresas com maior tempo de atuação aos novos hábitos dos consumidores, já que uma das inovações propostas foi a de inserção das empresas nas redes sociais.
Limitações da investigação: As perguntas que fizeram parte do questionário aplicado às empresas foram aquelas previstas pelo Radar da Inovação, para os ciclos 0 e 1 do Programa, de um total de cinco ciclos. Assim, recomenda-se a elaboração de novas perguntas adaptadas aos outros ciclos.
Implicações práticas: A adoção e a prática do pós-venda com os clientes pelas pequenas empresas, sendo que nenhuma adotava essa atividade como procedimento padrão, como observado no ciclo 0, antes da adesão ao Programa.
Originalidade/valor: Este estudo buscou demonstrar a capacidade das pequenas empresas de resistir à crise econômica e trazer resultados positivos para a economia por meio da inovação e sua inserção nas redes sociais, conforme seus escores obtidos.
Investigating the role of environmental management exercises on the sustainability of sports businesses
Authors: Reza Ghasemi Mohammad , Khoshnam Ebrahim , Tork Far Ahmad , Mohammadzadeh Younes
Published: April 2020

The present study aims to investigate the role of environmental management training on the sustainability of sport businesses. The method of this study was a survey for collecting data. The statistical population of this research includes all managers of sports businesses in Tehran in the amount of 1500 enterprises. Accordingly, 306 managers of these companies were identified as the sample of the study. The research tool was a questionnaire used in the conceptual model of Bough et al. (2018). The structural equation method was used to analyze the data of the present study. The entire research analysis process was conducted using SPSS version 20 and PLS version 2 software. The results of this study showed that operational, communicational, organizational, and supplementary exercises have a significant effect on the sustainability of sports businesses.
Cluster cooperation mechanisms evaluation for waste processing of the Forest Complex of Siberia
Authors: V. Melnikova Elena , V. Zelenskaya Tatiana , V. Prokhorov Viktor , S. Patrina Marina , A. Bezrukikh Yuliya
Published: April 2020

The study subject is the approaches development for assessing cooperation in a cluster. Study purpose: a selection of tools to assess the characteristics of cooperative ties in a cluster for processing waste from a forest complex in Yenisei Siberia. Methods: Case analysis, questionnaire, survey, expert assessment, and a method of pair comparisons. Results: The following results have been substantiated: The emerging cluster for waste processing from the Yenisei Siberian forest complex; the situational factors; industry specialization; the goals of creating a cluster, and the interests of participants. As the cluster evolves, the directions and cooperation level of cluster members are the subject to change. The obstacles ranking for cooperation in the cluster is carried out as well. An aggregated indicator of the intensity of cooperative ties, based on five criteria, is proposed, which makes it possible to evaluate both industrial and innovative cooperation. In addition, it is proposed to determine the weighting factors situationally, depending on the target orientation of the cluster. Summary: it is shown that the desired value of aggregated cooperation indicator should be formed in the coordinate system, i.e. “innovation – sustainability”. Evaluation and regulation of the indicator level can serve as a tool for making and implementing strategic decisions on cluster development priorities.
Team Approach: Multidisciplinary Perioperative Care in Upper-Extremity Reconstruction for Adults with Spasticity and Contractures
Authors: Patel Raahil , Rhee Peter Charles
Published: April 2020

» Spasticity is the heightened motor tone that occurs as a result of damage to upper motor neurons in the central nervous system from brain or spinal cord injuries.

» Nonoperative interventions for upper-extremity spasticity include chemodenervation or orthotic use, but their efficacy may be limited in correcting severe deformities. In such cases, surgical reconstruction may be necessary.

» A single-event multilevel surgery (SEMLS) is a method of addressing deformities involving the entire extremity under 1 anesthetic episode.

» It is the responsibility of the surgeon to assemble and communicate with the appropriate health-care team members during the patient’s hospitalization to prevent perioperative complications and to optimize outcomes after surgery. Team entities integral to successful SEMLS for patients with spasticity include respiratory therapy, nutrition, neuropalliative care, internal medicine, occupational therapy, and anesthesiology.

» The goal of upper-extremity reconstruction in patients with spasticity is to improve the patient’s quality of life, reduce pain, improve hygiene, restore functionality, and correct disfiguring joint contractures.
Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Tibial Tubercle Avulsion Fractures in Adolescents
Authors: Cole Wendell W. , Brown Symone M. , Vopat Bryan , Heard Wendell M.R. , Mulcahey Mary K.
Published: April 2020

» Although rare, tibial tubercle avulsion fracture must be considered in the differential diagnosis for the pediatric patient presenting with acute knee pain.

» In the adolescent population, tibial tubercle avulsion fracture is a rare injury that is typically seen in boys who engage in sporting activities that involve jumping or sprinting.

» The proximal tibial physis closes distally in the posteromedial to anterolateral direction, creating an environment that predisposes the tubercle to a potential avulsion injury.

» Historically, the Ogden classification has guided nonoperative and operative management of this condition.

» Multiple fracture fixation methods have been described with the overall goal of restoring the extensor mechanism and the joint surface.
Learning English as a Second Language: Earlier is Better
Authors: Wallin Jamie , Cheevakumjorn Boonsri
Published: April 2020

This study reviews recent evidence concerning childhood bilingualism: what is the optimal age to begin learning a second language? Acquiring a first language is mainly unconscious and begins at birth. A bilingual child is one who has acquired a second language simultaneously or is acquiring a second language sequentially. Research evidence confirms that second language acquisition should begin as early as possible. It requires a holistic approach in which learners are immersed in the sounds and daily experiences of the second language, much in the same way as the first language was acquired. It is during the very early years of a child’s life that brain development is most receptive to acquiring linguistic competence in one or more additional languages. Evidence is clear that younger-age learners will have better accents and a more diversified vocabulary than those who are older. Thus, creating an immersion-like environment is essential for schools which aim to develop sequential bilinguals. Elements for successful English as a second language programmes are identified, with supporting research evidence.

HIGHLIGHTS:

When young bilinguals ‘borrow’ words from the other language could be regarded as being very resourceful, not confused.

Children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds may lack certain linguistic experiences in terms of vocabulary size, and lack of exposure to books, conversation practice, or first-hand life experiences.
Exploring In-Service TEYL Teachers’ Assessment Literacy: Implication For Continuing Professional Development
Authors: Umam Amalul , Indah Yani Awalia
Published: April 2020

Assessment is central and holds essential role in language learning from which the result of the teaching and learning are derived. It shows that the ability of language teachers in assessing their students is crucial. This study explored the assessment literacy of in-service TEYL teachers in Bogor by employing narrative case study. The subjects of the study were 19 English teachers around Bogor. In collecting the data, CALI (Classroom Assessment Literacy Inventory) and FGD (Focus Group Discussion) were employed. The data gathered from CALI were then scored and analyzed, and FGD data were coded based on the assessment literacy standards from which conclusion were derived. The findings reveal that teachers have poor level of assessment literacy. Consequently, teachers must update themselves by conducting continuing professional development.

HIGHLIGHTS:

Assessing Young Learners is complicated and challenging for Indonesian teachers because of the demand of the Curriculum 2013.

Assessment literacy is central in English language learning from which teachers can assess their students and communicate the results to the stakeholder.

Continuing Professional Development is an important action that can be done by teachers to increase their assessment literacy.
Promoting Students' Autonomous Learning Using Portfolio Assessment in EFL Writing Class
Authors: Tyas Peptia Asrining
Published: April 2020

This study attempts to present the implementation of portfolio assessment to promote students’ autonomous learning in one of reputable universities in Indonesia. The participants were 30 students enrolled Essay Writing Class. A collection of students’ work during the course in the form of ‘Essay Writing Module’ was used to provide authentic evidence of the implementation of portfolio assessment and observation checklists of students’ work was used to present the completeness of portfolio assessment of each student. To know students’ autonomous learning, semi-structured interview was carried out. The results prove that portfolio assessment can promote students autonomous learning since it provides some benefits for students such as motivate them to do self-evaluation and reflection, encourage them to be actively involved in peer review session, and also enhance their awareness of their weaknesses.

HIGHLIGHTS:

Portfolio assessment promotes students’ autonomous learning by providing some benefits for students such as provide a guide for self-evaluation, reflection, and peer review.

Each element in portfolio encourages students’ engagement during the writing activities both inside and outside the classroom.

An insightful idea of specific criteria motivates students to set goals in improving their writing competence and performance.
La experiencia de divorcio y la terapia familiar. Miradas diversas
Authors: Chaverra Ramírez Elisabet , Restrepo Camargo Yesenia , Vergara Arévalo Daniela
Published: April 2020

El proceso de divorcio es un acontecimiento que involucra a todo el sistema familiar, llegando a experimentar distintas emociones, sentimientos y sucesos que se presentan antes, durante y después del mismo. Así las cosas, se espera, mediante la investigación, identificar las diferentes miradas del sistema familiar y cómo el profesional que se encuentra en el espacio terapéutico atraviesa al proceso de divorcio. Para ello, se implementó un enfoque cualitativo y un método hermenéutico, que permitirán profundizar de forma detallada los hechos y entender las distintas realidades. Finalmente, se logró mostrar cómo se concibe el proceso de divorcio desde la terapia familiar y la vivencia de sus actores; además de generar conocimientos que aporten a la formación profesional y que puedan beneficiar a otras familias.
Separación conyugal, efectos en la salud mental de los hijos
Authors: Gómez Sánchez Carolina , Lopera Vanegas Erika Nathalia , Rodríguez Bustamante Alexander
Published: April 2020

El texto desde su objetivo esboza y desarrolla la idea sobre los efectos de la separación conyugal en la salud mental de los hijos; una idea que se expone en los distintos apartados del texto. Desde una metodología cualitativa, en perspectiva hermenéutica, se plantean diversas voces de autores representativos sobre un tema relevante para toda la sociedad. Dentro de sus principales hallazgos se encuentran tres puntos, a modo de retos, para las ciencias sociales y humanas, en clave de la comprensión de lo que significa la separación como alternativa. Primero, se privilegia la salud mental del grupo familiar como estadio de las relaciones significativas que se tejen en cada familia; segundo, potenciar el diálogo y la comunicación entre los adultos será la mejor de las opciones en virtud del nuevo lugar en el que queda la relación parentofilial; tercero, el acompañamiento profesional resulta ser un dispositivo que activa nuevas posibilidades para resignificar la pareja y los hijos -la familia y su mutación-.
Vida cotidiana, normalización y patología
Authors: Romero Morett Miguel Agustín , Bañol López Walter
Published: April 2020

Estamos habituados a vivir, convivir y protagonizar comportamientos que acusan cierta patologización social en el entorno familiar, educativo o laboral, que habitualmente no llega a mayores, por lo que los asumimos como expresión de la normalidad cotidiana y toleramos el malestar social e individual que genera. Dichos comportamientos no pueden tipificarse en el marco de un diagnóstico de un trastorno metal en sí, pero podemos apoyarnos en la sociología de la vida cotidiana para sustentar un acercamiento con extrañeza, una descripción del malestar social derivado de los indicadores del comportamiento y una tipología inicial para futura revisión. Por tanto, el presente escrito apunta a una deliberación y reflexión crítica-descriptiva acerca de este asunto, con la intención de comprender dicho fenómeno de la “normalización” de comportamientos aparentemente patológicos en la cotidianidad.