bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adult zebrafish euthanasia: efficacy of anaesthesia overdose versus rapid cooling
Authors: Ferreira Jorge M , Olsson I Anna S , Valentim Ana M
Published: December 2018

The rapid increase in zebrafish use needs to be accompanied by research into refinement of procedures, such as euthanasia. The EU directive lists three possible euthanasia methods for fish: anaesthetic overdose, electrical stunning and concussion. However, for a small fish like zebrafish, concussion and electrical stunning are difficult to perform, leaving anaesthetic overdose as the only realistic option. Thus, more tailored solutions need to be found for this small tropical water species. Our aim was to test the efficacy of different anaesthetics overdose and of the rapid cooling method to kill adult zebrafish. Adult mixed-sex AB zebrafish (n= 12) were randomly assigned to: 250mg/L MS222; 20 mg/L propofol + 100 mg/L lidocaine; 6 mg/L etomidate; 50 mg/L clove oil; rapid cooling (water at 2-4º C). Two minutes after opercular movement ceased, the animals were transferred to clean water to assess if they could recover. Zebrafish euthanized with rapid cooling ceased the opercular movements significantly quicker compared with the other groups, and etomidate-treated animals took longer to die. No zebrafish recovered after being placed in clean water. All protocols used were efficacious to achieve euthanasia, but rapid cooling was consistently the fastest and so more efficient. Further studies evaluating animal welfare and the quality of the biological samples are needed to refine the rapid cooling protocol before recommendations can be made to change legislation to include this as a method for euthanasia for small tropical fish.
Pervasive transcription fine-tunes replication origin activity
Authors: Candelli Tito , Gros Julien , Libri Domenico
Published: December 2018

RNA polymerase (RNAPII) transcription occurs pervasively, raising the important question of its functional impact on other DNA-associated processes, including replication. In budding yeast, replication originates from Autonomously Replicating Sequences (ARSs), generally located in intergenic regions. The influence of transcription on ARSs function has been studied for decades, but these earlier studies have neglected the role of non-annotated transcription. We studied the relationships between pervasive transcription and replication origin activity using high-resolution transcription maps. We show that ARSs alter the pervasive transcription landscape by pausing and terminating neighboring RNAPII transcription, thus limiting the occurrence of pervasive transcription within origins. We propose that quasi-symmetrical binding of the ORC complex to ARS borders and/or pre-RC formation are responsible for pausing and termination. We show that low, physiological levels of pervasive transcription impact the function of replication origins. Overall, our results have important implications for understanding the impact of genomic location on origin function.
Genome-wide interrogation of extracellular vesicle biology using barcoded miRNAs
Authors: Lu Albert , Wawro Paulina , Morgens David W , Portela Fernando , Bassik Michael C , Pfeffer Suzanne R
Published: December 2018

Extracellular vesicles mediate transfer of biologically active molecules between neighboring or distant cells, and these vesicles may play important roles in normal physiology and the pathogenesis of multiple disease states including cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of their biogenesis and release remain unknown. We designed artificially barcoded, exosomal microRNAs (bEXOmiRs) to monitor extracellular vesicle release quantitatively using deep sequencing. We then expressed distinct pairs of CRISPR guide RNAs and bEXOmiRs, enabling identification of genes influencing bEXOmiR secretion from Cas9-edited cells. This approach uncovered genes with unrecognized roles in multivesicular endosome exocytosis, including critical roles for Wnt signaling in extracellular vesicle release regulation. Coupling bEXOmiR reporter analysis with CRISPR-Cas9 screening provides a powerful and unbiased means to study extracellular vesicle biology and for the first time, to associate a nucleic acid tag with individual membrane vesicles.
Shed EBA-175 mediates red blood cell clustering that enhances malaria parasite growth and enables immune evasion
Authors: Paing May M , Salinas Nichole D , Adams Yvonne , Oksman Anna , Jensen Anja TR , Goldberg Daniel E , Tolia Niraj H
Published: December 2018

Erythrocyte Binding Antigen of 175 kDa (EBA-175) has a well-defined role in binding to glycophorin A (GpA) during Plasmodium falciparum invasion of erythrocytes. However, EBA-175 is shed post invasion and a role for this shed protein has not been defined. We show that EBA-175 shed from parasites promotes clustering of RBCs, and EBA-175-dependent clusters occur in parasite culture. Region II of EBA-175 is sufficient for clustering RBCs in a GpA-dependent manner. These clusters are capable of forming under physiological flow conditions and across a range of concentrations. EBA-175-dependent RBC clustering provides daughter merozoites ready access to uninfected RBCs enhancing parasite growth. Clustering provides a general method to protect the invasion machinery from immune recognition and disruption as exemplified by protection from neutralizing antibodies that target AMA-1 and RH5. These findings provide a mechanistic framework for the role of shed proteins in RBC clustering, immune evasion, and malaria.
The Après-Coup, Après Coup
Authors: Benvenuto Sergio
Published: December 2018

Here the author examines the question of après-coup (afterwardsness) in psychoanalysis, commenting in particular on Jean Laplanche’s book, Après-Coup. The author appreciates Laplanche’s determination to avoid either a positivist interpretation of après-coup (as a “delay-action bomb”, as simply a delayed psychic effect) or an hermeneutic interpretation that makes of it a post-factum re-signification of past events. Yet at the same time, the author shows that Laplanche’s solution—which assumes an initial trauma to the subject, who must “translate” an ambiguous and enigmatic message originating from an adult other—ends up being, in effect, a clever combination of the two approaches, positivist and hermeneutic, that Laplanche was trying to avoid. Laplanche advances a much too linear theory, placing “the other” (that is, the desire of the adult) at the beginning of the process, while Lacan’s approach to après-coup opens up far more complex and disturbing perspectives for psychoanalysis. The author, having shown the limitations of Laplanche’s result (“the primacy of the other”), proposes his own interpretation of après-coup, wherein it would connect, in a unique way, the cause and the sense of the psychic world: a subsequent event in some way makes the sense of a preceding event function as the cause of later psychic phenomena or symptoms.
Métodos de controle de plantas daninhas em sistemas orgânicos: breve revisão
Authors: Costa Neumarcio Vilanova , Rodrigues-Costa Andreia Cristina Peres , Coelho Érica Marusa Pergo , Ferreira Sílvio Dougla , Barbosa Jaqueline De Araujo
Published: December 2018

O manejo das plantas daninhas em sistemas orgânicos de produção agrícola representa um grande desafio aos produtores. Para o enfretamento deste desafio torna-se necessário a exploração de práticas de manejo sustentáveis e o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias. Ressalta-se que existe alternativas tecnológicas ou biológicas que podem ser utilizadas no manejo das plantas daninhas em sistemas orgânicos, e serem empregadas em grandes áreas. Estratégias culturais, biológicos, mecânicos e físicos de manejo podem ser eficientes no controle das plantas daninhas, bem como reduzir o uso de controle químico na agricultura convencional. Desta forma, esta revisão de literatura teve como objetivo o de apresentar métodos alternativos de controle de plantas daninhas e o potencial uso em áreas orgânicas de produção agrícola. Os métodos de controle das plantas daninhas em áreas orgânicas devem abordar sempre estratégias integradas e de forma sustentável.
Biologia molecular aplicada à ciência das plantas daninhas
Authors: Schneider Theodoro , Rizzardi Mauro Antônio , Nunes Anderson Luis , Bianchi Mario Antonio , Brammer Sandra Patussi , Rockenbach Ana Paula
Published: December 2018

As plantas daninhas possuem elevada variabilidade genética, e principalmente por este motivo, são adaptadas a ambientes com intensa atividade humana. Embora o controle de plantas daninhas tenha evoluído de maneira positiva nos últimos anos, elas continuam a interferir na produção agrícola. O objetivo desta revisão bibliográfica é apresentar a contribuição da biologia molecular nos estudos aplicados a herbologia. Há lacunas entre o que aprendemos sobre genômica de plantas daninhas e como esses conhecimentos poderiam nos auxiliar no manejo e melhorar a competividade de culturas agrícolas frente às plantas daninhas. Muitos estudos na área da ciência das plantas daninhas podem ser realizados com o emprego de técnicas de biologia molecular, sendo eles: caracterização do genoma de espécies de plantas daninhas, visando à identificação destes com maior acurácia, identificação de espécies resistentes a herbicidas e seu mecanismo de resistência, variabilidade e similaridade genética entre populações de plantas daninhas, identificação de genes envolvidos nos processos de interação entre plantas, dentre outros.
Interferência entre plantas daninhas e a cultura: alterações no metabolismo secundário
Authors: Rockenbach Ana Paula , Rizzardi Mauro Antônio , Nunes Anderson Luis , Bianchi Mario Antonio , Caverzan Andréia , Schneider Theodoro
Published: December 2018

Os metabólitos secundários garantem a sobrevivência das plantas em situações adversas. As plantas alteram sua constituição bioquímica a partir do metabolismo primário em resposta à mudanças no ambiente. A produção de metabólitos secundários mitiga os efeitos decorrentes do estresse permitindo o desenvolvimento da planta em situações não ideais. Compostos aleloquímicos são exemplos de metabólitos secundários produzidos por plantas em situação de interferência interespecífica. Quando em estresse por competição, as plantas possuem a capacidade de liberar compostos no ambiente a fim de sinalizar a presença ou inibir o crescimento de plantas vizinhas. As respostas no metabolismo secundário das culturas decorrentes da competição com plantas daninhas alteram a composição química da espécie, resultando em alterações no desenvolvimento e no rendimento. A aplicação de herbicidas também é fonte de alteração no metabolismo secundário pela interrupção de rotas, seja pelo acúmulo de ácidos constituintes ou a formação de compostos não desejados. A revisão atual tem como objetivo mostrar o estado da arte das relações de interferência entre plantas daninhas e as culturas sobre as alterações no metabolismo secundário.
Statistical approaches in weed research: choosing wisely
Authors: Concenço Germani , Andres André , Schreiber Fabio , Scherner Ananda , Behenck Joao Pedro
Published: December 2018

Conceitos e métodos estatísticos possuem papel fundamental para a sociedade, e a análise estatística de dados demanda considerável esforço e conhecimento humano. Por um lado, computadores e softwares estatísticos permitem que virtualmente qualquer pessoa possa escolher e executar testes estatísticos, mas por outro lado qualquer pesquisador, professor, estudante ou profissional pode utilizar estes softwares, mesmo os que não possuem conhecimentos estatísticos básicos para testar seus dados, produzindo com frequência análises estatísticas com algum tipo de incorreção. Objetiva-se com a presente revisão demonstrar como a escolha do método estatístico na ciência das plantas daninhas pode criar um viés na interpretação da eficiência de herbicidas, e impactar sua recomendação. Os problemas discutidos são ilustrados com base em dados de experimentos reais de campo. Propomos pequenas alterações na forma atual de análise de dados para auxiliar a reduzir a má interpretação de dados e a equivocada recomendação de herbicidas com base em sua eficiência em experimentos. Grande parte dos resultados de estudos com herbicidas parece estar embasado em experimentos sem o devido poder estatístico, logo sujeitos a fornecer informações com viés. A escolha por métodos estatísticos falhos, especialmente os baseados no valor-p (ANOVA e testes post-hoc), podem estar levando a conclusões equivocadas mesmo em experimentos com herbicidas corretamente conduzidos. Propõe-se o uso de intervalos de confiança para análise de dados qualitativos e quantitativos, junto ao adequado número de amostragens (“n”).
Eficácia de atrazine sobre populações de Paspalum virgatum L. e seletividade em duas variedades de pastagem
Authors: Takeshita Vanessa , Mendes Kassio Ferreira , Inoue Miriam Hiroko , Dias Guimarães Ana Carolina
Published: December 2018

O Paspalum virgatum L. é uma planta daninha comum de pastagens e possui difícil controle, principalmente devido sua semelhança com as forrageiras. As técnicas convencionais como gradagem e replantio da pastagem têm sido insatisfatórias no controle desta planta daninha. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o controle do capim-navalha (P. virgatum L.) à atrazine aplicada em pré-emergência, por meio de curva dose-resposta e a seletividade deste herbicida nas pastagens de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu e Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça. Foram realizados três experimentos independentes, com cada espécie, em dois tipos de solo (Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico - LVAd de textura franco-argilosa e Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico - PVAd de textura franca), utilizando a escala percentual de notas para verificar o controle do capim-navalha e a fitotoxicidade nas forrageiras e massa seca no final dos experimentos. A atrazine controlou o capim-navalha, desde os 15 dias após a aplicação (DAA), nas doses abaixo da recomendação do fabricante (250 e 500 g ha-1 i.a.). Contudo, apesar dos sintomas de fitotoxicidade causados pela atrazine, houve retomada de crescimento aos 60 DAA tanto para B. brizantha cv. Marandu quanto para P. maximum cv. Mombaça. Houve menor fitotoxicidade às pastagens no solo de textura franco‑argilosa em relação ao solo de textura franca. A atrazine proporcionou controle eficiente do P. virgatum L. (500 g ha-1 i.a.) quando aplicada em pré-emergência e seletividade para B. brizantha cv. Marandu (<2.000 g ha-1 i.a.) e P. maximum cv. Mombaça (<500 g ha-1 i.a.).
Tolerância inicial de feijão-caupi a herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência
Authors: Ribeiro Junior Luiz Fernando , Gonçalo Tulio Porto , Sousa Bruna Ferreira , Costa John Lennon Basílio da
Published: December 2018

As plantas daninhas quando não são bem manejadas podem causar percas de mais de 90% na produção final da cultura. Para o cultivo do feijão-caupi existem certas dificuldades para o controle destas, pois não se têm herbicidas pré-emergentes registrados para a cultura. Com isso este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a tolerância inicial do feijão-caupi a aplicação de herbicidas em pré-emergência da cultura. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: sulfentrazone (200 g ha-1), S-metolachlor (768 g ha1 ), [clomazone + carfentrazone] ([480 + 12] g ha-1), imazethapyr (40 g ha-1), [flumioxazin + imazethapyr] ([100 + 50] g ha-1), diclosulam (25 g ha-1), cloransulam (30 g ha-1), flumioxazin (50 g ha-1), sulfentrazone + S-metolachlor (200 + 768 g ha-1) e uma testemunha. Todos os herbicidas foram aplicados após a semeadura do feijão-caupi. Foram realizadas avaliações de fitointoxicação, contagem de plantas, altura de plantas, massa seca da parte aérea e raiz. A mistura dos herbicidas sulfentrazone + S-metolachlor promoveu danos irreversíveis a cultura. O feijão-caupi não possui tolerância ao flumioxazin ou a misturas que envolvam a utilização deste herbicida. Pode se observar que o feijão-caupi apresentou tolerância intermediária aos herbicidas sulfentrazone e diclosulam. Os herbicidas S-metolachlor, imazethapyr e cloransulam apresentaram potencial de uso em aplicações em pré-emergência da cultura do feijão-caupi.
Comparação entre métodos químicos de controle de buva com início de dessecação em período seco ou úmido
Authors: Rossi Caio Vitagliano Santi , Zobiole Luiz Henrique Saes , Lucio Felipe Ridolfo , Neves Rodrigo
Published: December 2018

Diversas são as ocasiões onde o clima interfere diretamente na eficácia dos herbicidas aplicados para o controle de plantas daninhas. Dessa forma, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o melhor momento climático para iniciar o controle químico da buva (Conyza spp.). Os experimentos foram conduzidos no município de Indianópolis/ MG. O experimento 1 foi realizado em esquema fatorial (2x5), tendo como primeiro fator as condições climáticas, período seco ou úmido, no momento da primeira aplicação do herbicida glifosato + 2,4-D (1.200 + 670 g e.a. ha-1), e o segundo fator a aplicação sequencial representada pelos tratamentos herbicidas (g e.a ou i.a. ha-1): glifosato + 2,4-D (1.200 + 670) ou paraquat (500), isolados ou associados ao diclosulam (29,4), fluroxipir (200) isolado, além da testemunha absoluta sem aplicação de herbicida. O experimento 2 visou comprovar o nível de dificuldade de controle da buva ao herbicida glifosato na área de ambos experimentos, em aplicações sequenciais, espaçadas 35 dias entre as mesmas, de doses (g e.a ha-1) crescentes de glifosato (0, 480, 960, 1.920 e 3.840), 2,4-D (670) e a associação de glifosato + 2,4-D (960 + 670). De forma geral, para se obter controle efetivo, iniciando a aplicação em período seco ou úmido, foi necessário realizar aplicação sequencial usando na primeira o glifosato + 2,4-D seguida de uma segunda aplicação, independente dos herbicidas testados. A população de buva presente na área demonstrou não ser controlada somente com aplicações do herbicida glifosato.
MEANINGS IN THE PROCESS OF SIGNIFICATION OF LANCÔME’S BEAUTY SERUM ADVERTISEMENTS
Authors: Tuna Cliff Albert , Kuntjara Esther H
Published: December 2018

Through this study, the writer aimed to find out how meanings are created in advertisements video. The three objectives of this study are to find out how meanings are created through verbal expressions, how the visual expressions of the advertisements support the verbal expressions and to find out the differences between the two advertisements. The data used to conduct this study were Lancôme Génifique Serum Advertisement (2009) and Lancôme Advanced Génifique Serum (2013). After analyzing the data with the research questions in mind, the writer found out that meanings in both advertisements are created through the verbal captions and what were visually shown on the advertisement videos. The writer also found out that there were a few differences between the first and second advertisements. The second advertisement provides more appealing visuals, more direct and convincing verbal expressions and more facts and needed information regarding the promoted product. These factors make the second advertisement an improved version of the first one.
MOTIVATIONAL STRATEGIES USED BY AN ENGLSH TEACHER AT HAND FORTUNA CENTER
Authors: Rohi Maria P , Gunawan Samuel
Published: December 2018

This is a qualitative study on the use of motivational strategies by the English teacher at Hand Fortuna Center. This study was based on Dörnyei’s (2001) theory about motivational strategies and focused on the interaction between the teacher and his students in the classroom. The data were collected by using video recording and interview. The observation was done in three meetings within two weeks. The duration of the class was 90 minutes for each meeting. The findings showed that the teacher used five out of eight motivational strategies in the classroom. There were making learning stimulating and enjoyable, protecting the learners’ self-esteem and increase their self-confidence, presenting task in a motivating way, allowing learners to maintain a positive social image, and promoting cooperation among the learners. For the interview, the writer found that the reason why the teacher used the motivational strategies. It was because the strategies could increase students’ motivation in learning language.
COGNITIVE STRATEGIES OF S²R MODEL USED BY HIGH PROFICIENCY LEARNERS OF THE ENGLISH DEPARTMENT, PETRA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
Authors: Samalaty Mega Sri Yunita , Tedjaatmadja Herwindy Maria
Published: December 2018

This is a qualitative and quantitative study on cognitive strategies of S²R model and specific techniques employed by high proficient learners of the English Department, Petra Christian University. The high proficient learners represented by nine final-year students who have an average of very good grade (≥B+) in all language skill courses offered by the department. The data was taken by conducting interviews to each of learners based on Oxford (2011) theory. The findings showed all types of cognitive strategies are used by the high proficient learners. The highest percentage of cognitive strategies used was going beyond the immediate data (100%), the second highest was using senses to understand and remember (81%), the third highest was conceptualizing broadly (78%), then it followed by conceptualizing with details (76%), reasoning (67%), and activating knowledge (56%). Moreover, there were a lot of varieties of the specific techniques employed by the participants. The most common specific techniques used were guessing, watching English speaking films, skimming, comparing English to mother tongue, reading novels and magazine, and brainstorming. In conclusion, all proficiency learners use all cognitive strategies but they might employ different techniques in their learning process.
STUDENTS’ COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES AND TEACHER’S RESPONSES IN A TWELFTH GRADE ENGLISH CLASSROOM IN PALANGKARAYA
Authors: Julianny Ribka Rayanti , Mardijono Josefa J.
Published: December 2018

This study is about communication strategies used by the students of twelfth grade and teacher’s responses when they were having an integrated English class. The writer used Mariani’s (2010) theory. The subjecs of the study were 19 students and 1 teacher. The source of data was the students’ and teacher’s utterances during the two meetings. The data were the students’ and teacher’s utterances, (verbal and non-verbal (gestures, eye contact, facial expressions)) which contain communication strategies related to the topic learning. The findings of this study revealed that students used four types of Communication Strategies: Meaning-expression, Meaning-negotiation, Conversation-management and Para- and extra linguistic. The students used these strategies mostly because they were unsure how to answer the teacher’s question and did not know the meaning of the word. The writer hopes that there would be a further study which focused about conversation or speaking class.
THE CONCEPT OF THE LUXURY BRANDING IN SAMSUNG GALAXY S6 EDGE SERIES THROUGH TRIADIC MODES OF SIGN
Authors: Paksi Tiyo , Gunawan Samuel
Published: December 2018

This thesis mainly deals with the iconisation of signs and naturalisation process in order to reveal the way Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge is naturalised as a luxury product. This thesis also involves analysis of the luxury branding concept through the analysis of a product which conceptualises its advertisement using the concept of luxury identifiers. The focus of the writer’s analysis is the advertisements themselves as the writer will use the triadic modes of signs, naturalisation process, and the concept of luxury identifiers which also involves process of signification, and metaphor in its analysis. Those theories will help the writer in analysing the meaning of the advertisement first, and then figure out the aim of the luxury branding strategy in the product, then figure out how the expressions are used in the luxury concept of advertisement. The writer analyses the advertisement of Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge which was published in 2015. From the analysis, the writer found out that the luxury branding strategy of Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge utilises naturalisation process to naturalise the luxury identity of Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge which is a masstige product. Using that as a basis, the expressions in the advertisement focus on selling the idea that Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge is a luxury product which is an innovative idea designed for professionals and to display superiority within the social group. Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge aims to provide the user with a display of social superiority within the social group through the consumption of Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge. In that regards, the user will be seen as a person who is wealthy, stand out in terms of taste, and a professional who is fully aware of the technology.
TEACHER’S INTERACTIONAL MODIFICATIONS AND THE STUDENTS’ RESPONSES IN INTERMEDIATE ENGLISH CLASSROOM
Authors: Elshadelin Gisela , Mardijono Josefa J.
Published: December 2018

This study is about the teacher’s interactional modifications in teaching the intermediate students in an English Course in Surabaya. The three objectives of this study are to find out the types of the teacher’s interactional modifications, the students’ responses toward the teacher’s interactional modifications, and the contribution of the interactional modifications for the students’ learning. The subject of the data is an English teacher and fourteen students.  Moreover, the theory applied was a theory of the interactional modifications from William, Inscoe, and Tasker (2014). The findings revealed that the teacher used five types of interactional modifications namely confirmation check, clarification request, comprehension check, repetition, and reformulation. While for the students’ responses, it showed that the students gave correct responses, incorrect responses, and no responses. Furthermore, it also revealed that interactional modifications gave four contributions; making the meaning more comprehensible for the learners, improving the learners’ language, minimizing the misunderstanding between the teacher and the learners, and ensuring that the learners were following. Finally, the writer concluded that the interactional modifications help the learners to learning the language
Perceived Meanings by Women and Men in “Identical Twins and Best Friends” Olay Advertisement
Authors: Kurniawan Fransisca Theresia
Published: December 2018

This study observes the perceived meanings produced by women and men as respondents from different gender group can produce different perceived meanings. Using process of signification, the study of myth and decoding, the writer analyzed how meanings are perceived in Olay “Identical Twins And Best Friends” video commercial. The study uses descriptive qualitative approach. The finding is that in perceiving, women respondents are more likely to relate the women in the video with themselves about beauty, their own experience, and relationship with their sisters; while men respondents are most likely to relate them with their ideal type of women, older people and other female friends. Through this study, the writer expects that the result will help the readers understand the influence of gender in perceiving meanings from an advertisement.
The Analysis of “Anak Pintar Seri English? No Problem!” For English Language Learning
Authors: Hendryani Rika
Published: December 2018

The present study is aimed to find out the extent to which Anak Pintar seri English? No Problem! meet the 10 principles for designing video games for foreign learning proposed by Purushotma, Thorne, and Wheatley (2009). This study is a qualitative research that took the writers approximately 5 hours to play. The findings of this study show that Anak Pintar seri English? No Problem! matches 5 principles, for example, the principles of “content organized around tasks” and “metalinguistic descriptions and terminology presented as a supporting material”. The result of this study hopefully would be beneficial to the studies of video games for foreign language learning and for those that wish to evaluate or use video games as a learning tool.
Teacher's Interactional Feedback in “Teen Conversation 1” Class
Authors: Hariningsih Shellania
Published: December 2018

This study is done to find out (1) the types of interactional feedback used by the teacher of Teen Conversation 1 Class and (2) the types of interactional feedback used by the teacher of Teen Conversation 1 Class toward each of the student. In order to answer the research questions, the writer chose the types of interactional feedback by Nassaji (2015) as her guideline. This study is a qualitative research. The writer collected the data by audio recording the classroom activities of Teen Conversation 1 Class and having a semi-structured interview with the teacher. The findings of this study show that five out of seven types of interactional feedback appeared in the classroom. The five types of interactional feedback found in the class were Recast, Direct Correction, Clarification Request, Direct Elicitation, and Metalinguistic cues. Recast, especially Declarative Recast was the type of feedback used the most by the teacher. In conclusion, the teacher used different types  of interactional feedback to each of the student, concerning their different needs and weaknesses.
Third: A Screenplay on the Importance of Acceptance in an Attempt to Move on from Grief
Authors: Gunawan Vincentius
Published: December 2018

Although everyone must have gone through a stage of grief in their life, often times people are not aware of how to properly deal with it and are having difficulties to move on. There is a misconception in the society that mourning is a negative emotion that one should get over with as soon as possible. Using the Tasks of Grief theory, however, I discovered that this misconception of the grieving process tends to lead someone into denial, as they are not urged to accept the emotions carried out by the grief. To illustrate how denial can hinder someone from finding closure to their grief, I created a fifteen-minute screenplay which tells the story of a man who seems to have moved on from his breakup with an ex-lover while, in fact, he is living in a denial by his attempt to mask his own emotions. After a series of event, the protagonist gradually comes to accept the true nature of his loss and finally moves on with his life. I hope that this creative work will influence the audience and society to remove the misconception of suppressing emotions and forgetting the deceased being a way out of their grief.
Types of Question and Questioning Tactics Used by The Teacher of Children 3A Class
Authors: Tella Chelinedyon
Published: December 2018

Questioning is one of the most important classroom activities. This study is conducted to find out the/ types of question and questioning tactics used by the teacher of Children 3A class at Petra Language Center (PLC). The theory used was from Wragg and Brown (2001). The data were all the questions asked by the teacher during the class meetings related to the lesson taken from two meetings, each lasted in 60 minutes. I used classroom observation as the instrument to collect my data. From the study, out of the three common types of questions, I found out that only two types of questions were used, i.e conceptual and empirical question. Meanwhile, only six questioning tactics were used, i.e structuring, directing and distributing, pitching and putting clearly, pausing and pacing, listening to replies and responding and sequencing. I concluded that the teacher of Children 3A class asked different types of question and used various questioning tactics to check students understanding by asking the meanings and definitions since students are in the beginner level, thus giving equal opportunities to every students to answer questions.
Teacher Roles and Students’ Attitude in “Freedom Writers” Movie
Authors: Prayogo Felicia Regina
Published: December 2018

This study is about teacher’s roles and students’ attitudes in Freedom Writersmovie. There two objectives of this study which is to find teacher’s roles and students’ attitudes. The subject of the data are the teacher named Erin Gruwell and the students inside the classroom. The theory used in this study was the theory from Harmer (2001) that explained about teacher’s roles, and the other theory was from Brown (2007) and Wenden (1991) about the students’ attitudes. The findings revealed that teacher’ roles have effect on the attitudes of the students whether the attitude is positive or negative from three components: cognitive, behavioral, and evaluative. Finally, the writer concluded that students’ attitudes depend on the teacher’s roles.
Masculinity Construction in Apple Iphone 7 Plus Commercials: “The Rock X Siri – Dominate the Day and the Dive”
Authors: Untaryo Nico Christiawan
Published: December 2018

This study is conducted to reveal the masculinity construction in the commercial of Apple iPhone 7 Plus The Rock x Siri – Dominate The Day and The Dive. The writer use Masculinity concept as a guideline and Gillian Dyer’s list the theory of human signs (1982) to examine the visual signs in both of the commercial videos. The elements that analyze are appearance, manner, and activity. In the analysis, the commercials show masculinity as having confidence, dedication and freedom. Confidence are shown from the appearance, manner and activity, Dedication and Free are shown from the activity. To conclude The Rock x Siri – Dominate The Day and The Divecan be a new reflections of today’s masculinity while promoting their product.
Promoting the Diamond Suite and President Suite of Rich Palace Hotel Using a Promotional Video
Authors: Lokita Poh Vania
Published: December 2018

The main problem that Rich Palace Hotel is currently facing is the Diamond suites and Platinum President suites are not selling very well. The occupancy of both rooms are very low which is only 5%-8% per month. Therefore,making a promotionaltool with videoformwould be the right solution tosolve the problem.  By watching promotionalvideo customers will know more about Diamond suites and President suites,  because promotional video contains information that can increase customers awareness of the The Diamond suite and President suite. It canalso become the tool for the sales and marketing team to offer both rooms in order to increase the occupancy level. The video will show about the benefits of staying in Diamond Suites or Platinum President Suites compared to staying at the Deluxe room.
TRB1 negatively regulates gluconeogenesis by suppressing the transcriptional activity of FOXO1
Authors: Tsuzuki Kaori , Itoh Yuka , Inoue Yasumichi , Hayashi Hidetoshi
Published: December 2018

Tribbles related homolog 1 is the mammalian ortholog of Tribbles, which controls cell division and migration during development in Drosophila. TRB1 is a pseudokinase and functions as a scaffold protein. Recent findings suggest that TRB1 plays important roles in hepatic lipid metabolism and participates in insulin resistance. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that TRB1 suppresses FOXO1 transcriptional activity to downregulate the expression of G6Pase and PEPCK, which encode gluconeogenic rate‐limiting enzymes. TRB1 knockdown enhances FOXO1 binding to the gluconeogenic gene promoters. It also increases FOXO1 acetylation and recruits CBP to the binding sequence of FOXO1. These results suggest that TRB1 suppresses the expression of G6Pase and PEPCK by attenuating FOXO1 transcriptional activity and negatively regulates gluconeogenesis.
Automatic measurement of air gap for proton therapy using orthogonal x‐ray imaging with radiopaque wires
Authors: Ramesh Pavitra , Song Wei , Cao Hongbin , Zhao Yanqun , Parikh Rahul , Weiner Joseph , Wang Xiao , Nie Ke , Yue Ning , Zhang Yin
Published: December 2018

Purpose

The main objective of this study was to develop a technique to accurately determine the air gap between the end of the proton beam compensator and the body of the patient in proton radiotherapy.

Methods

Orthogonal x‐ray image‐based automatic coordinate reconstruction was used to determine the air gap between the patient body surface contour and the end of beam nozzle in proton radiotherapy. To be able to clearly identify the patient body surface contour on the orthogonal images, a radiopaque wire was placed on the skin surface of the patient as a surrogate. In order to validate this method, a Rando® head phantom was scanned and five proton plans were generated on a Mevion S250 Proton machine with various air gaps in Varian Eclipse Treatment Planning Systems (TPS). When setting up the phantom in a treatment room, a solder wire was placed on the surface of the phantom closest to the beam nozzle with the knowledge of the beam geometry in the plan. After the phantom positioning was verified using orthogonal kV imaging, the last pair of setup kV images was used to segment the solder wire and the in‐room coordinates of the wire were reconstructed using a back‐projection algorithm. Using the wire as a surrogate of the body surface, we calculated the air gaps by finding the minimum distance between the reconstructed wire and the end of the compensator. The methodology was also verified and validated on clinical cases.

Results

On the phantom study, the air gap values derived with the automatic reconstruction method were found to be within 1.1 mm difference from the planned values for proton beams with air gaps of 85.0, 100.0, 150.0, 180.0, and 200.0 mm. The reconstruction technique determined air gaps for a patient in two clinical treatment sessions were 38.4 and 41.8 mm, respectively, for a 40 mm planned air gap, and confirmed by manual measurements. There was strong agreement between the calculated values and the automatically measured values, and between the automatically and manually measured values.

Conclusions

An image‐based automatic method has been developed to conveniently determine the air gap of a proton beam, directly using the orthogonal images for patient positioning without adding additional imaging dose to the patient. The method provides an objective, accurate, and efficient way to confirm the target depth at treatment to ensure desired target coverage and normal tissue sparing.
Using Synthetic Biology to Engineer Spatial Patterns
Authors: Santos‐Moreno Javier , Schaerli Yolanda
Published: December 2018

Synthetic biology has emerged as a multidisciplinary field that provides new tools and approaches to address longstanding problems in biology. It integrates knowledge from biology, engineering, mathematics, and biophysics to build—rather than to simply observe and perturb—biological systems that emulate natural counterparts or display novel properties. The interface between synthetic and developmental biology has greatly benefitted both fields and allowed to address questions that would remain challenging with classical approaches due to the intrinsic complexity and essentiality of developmental processes. This Progress Report provides an overview of how synthetic biology can help to understand a process that is crucial for the development of multicellular organisms: pattern formation. It reviews the major mechanisms of genetically encoded synthetic systems that have been engineered to establish spatial patterns at the population level. Limitations, challenges, applications, and potential opportunities of synthetic pattern formation are also discussed.
Boride Formation, Microstructure Evolution, and Mechanical Properties of Ti42Al6Nb2.6C0.8Ta Alloyed by Boron
Authors: Fang Hongze , Chen Ruirun , Tan Yingmei , Yang Yong , Su Yanqing , Ding Hongsheng , Guo Jingjie
Published: December 2018

In order to improve mechanical properties by grain boundary and precipitation strengthening, Ti42Al6Nb2.6C0.8Ta–xB (at%) alloys with x = ranging from 0 to 2.0 at% are prepared by vacuum arc melting. Microstructure evolution especially boride formation and mechanical properties of these alloys are studied. The results show that volume fraction of TiB particles increases and volume fraction of B2 phase decreases with increasing content of B. Three morphologically different types of boride particles are identified in the studied alloys: granular (C), plate (P), and flake (F). Volume fraction of F type borides increases remarkably with increasing content of B. Lamellar colony size decreases with increasing content of B up to 0.8 at%. Lamellar colony size increases with increasing content of B above from 0.8 to 2.0 at%. Compressive strength increases from 1710 to 2084 MPa and compressive strain increases from 10.6 to 19.0% with increasing content of B. Ultimate tensile strength increases from 426 to 613 MPa and tensile strain increases from 3.4 to 4.6% at 750 °C with increasing content of B. Precipitation strengthening by TiB, decreasing of volume fraction of B2 and increasing volume fraction of γ phase are mainly responsible for improvement in mechanical properties.
Accelerated Ionic Motion in Amorphous Memristor Oxides for Nonvolatile Memories and Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Schmitt Rafael , Kubicek Markus , Sediva Eva , Trassin Morgan , Weber Mads C. , Rossi Antonella , Hutter Herbert , Kreisel Jens , Fiebig Manfred , Rupp Jennifer L. M.
Published: December 2018

Memristive devices based on mixed ionic–electronic resistive switches have an enormous potential to replace today's transistor‐based memories and Von Neumann computing architectures thanks to their ability for nonvolatile information storage and neuromorphic computing. It still remains unclear however how ionic carriers are propagated in amorphous oxide films at high local electric fields. By using memristive model devices based on LaFeO3 with either amorphous or epitaxial nanostructures, we engineer the structural local bonding units and increase the oxygen‐ionic diffusion coefficient by one order of magnitude for the amorphous oxide, affecting the resistive switching operation. We show that only devices based on amorphous LaFeO3 films reveal memristive behavior due to their increased oxygen vacancy concentration. We achieved stable resistive switching with switching times down to microseconds and confirm that it is predominantly the oxygen‐ionic diffusion character and not electronic defect state changes that modulate the resistive switching device response. Ultimately, these results show that the local arrangement of structural bonding units in amorphous perovskite films at room temperature can be used to largely tune the oxygen vacancy (defect) kinetics for resistive switches (memristors) that are both theoretically challenging to predict and promising for future memory and neuromorphic computing applications.
Photoacoustic Imaging: Contrast Agents and Their Biomedical Applications
Authors: Fu Qinrui , Zhu Rong , Song Jibin , Yang Huanghao , Chen Xiaoyuan
Published: December 2018

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging as a fast‐developing imaging technique has great potential in biomedical and clinical applications. It is a noninvasive imaging modality that depends on the light‐absorption coefficient of the imaged tissue and the injected PA‐imaging contrast agents. Furthermore, PA imaging provides superb contrast, super spatial resolution, and high penetrability and sensitivity to tissue functional characteristics by detecting the acoustic wave to construct PA images. In recent years, a series of PA‐imaging contrast agents are developed to improve the PA‐imaging performance in biomedical applications. Here, recent progress of PA contrast agents and their biomedical applications are outlined. PA contrast agents are classified according to their components and function, and gold nanocrystals, gold‐nanocrystal assembly, transition‐metal chalcogenides/MXene‐based nanomaterials, carbon‐based nanomaterials, other inorganic imaging agents, small organic molecules, semiconducting polymer nanoparticles, and nonlinear PA‐imaging contrast agents are discussed. The applications of PA contrast agents as biosensors (in the sensing of metal ions, pH, enzymes, temperature, hypoxia, reactive oxygen species, and reactive nitrogen species) and in bioimaging (lymph nodes, vasculature, tumors, and brain tissue) are discussed in detail. Finally, an outlook on the future research and investigation of PA‐imaging contrast agents and their significance in biomedical research is presented.
Sputter Depth‐Profile Study of Accelerated Interface Mixing by Thermal Annealing in Solution‐Processed Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lee Seungjun , Kang Ji‐Ho , Ahn Dong A , Shon Hyun Kyoung , Lee Tae Geol , Park Sungkyun , Suh Min Chul , Park Yongsup
Published: December 2018

The effect of thermal annealing on interfacial mixing of solution‐processed organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) using direct sputter‐depth profiling techniques is investigated. X‐ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and argon gas cluster ion beam sputtering are used to investigate the distribution of chemical species near the interface. Extensive interfacial mixing is found in solution‐processed OLEDs after the thermal annealing at temperatures below the glass transition temperature of the organic material, while such mixing is not evident in vapor‐deposited devices. It is found that there is a partially mixed interface in the solution‐processed devices prior to the annealing, which seems to promote effective interdiffusion during the annealing. Surprisingly, the extensive interfacial mixing after the thermal annealing appears to significantly enhance the efficiency of OLEDs.
Improved Performance of Quantum‐Dot Photodetectors Using Cheap and Environmentally Friendly Polyethylene Glycol
Authors: Kang Jinhyeon , Park Dasom , Jeong Moon‐Ki , Kim Junho , Eom Seung Hun , Jang Sung‐Yeon , Yim Sanggyu , Jung In Hwan
Published: December 2018

Colloidal quantum dot (CQD) photodetectors (PDs) are developed. The on/off current ratio is improved by applying organic cathode buffer layers (CBLs), such as polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The on‐current of CQD‐PDs (QPDs) is increased by the decreased work function of ZnO/CBLs via forming a permanent dipole moment at the interface of ZnO and CBLs. The off‐current is significantly decreased by the improved interfacial morphology via softening the ZnO surfaces. In the photoconductive mode for the fast response time of a signal, PEG‐ and PEIE‐treated QPDs exhibit improved photodetecting properties. Notably, the performance of PEG‐treated QPDs fluctuates less at the concentration of the prepared CBL solution. The utilization of environmentally friendly and cheap PEG as CBLs is attractive for QPDs. The organic CBL is highly effective for QPDs to improve both on‐ and off‐current characteristics.