bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endocrine-disrupting activity of mancozeb
Authors: Skalny Anatoly , Aschner Michael , Paoliello Monica , Santamaria Abel , Nikitina Natalia , Rejniuk Vladimir , Jiang Yueming , Rocha João , Tinkov Alexey
Published: December 2021

The objective of the present study was to review the existing data on the mechanisms involved in the endocrine disrupting activity of mancozeb (MCZ) in its main targets, including thyroid and gonads, as well as other endocrine tissues that may be potentially affected by MCZ. MCZ exposure was shown to interfere with thyroid functioning through impairment of thyroid hormone synthesis due to inhibition of sodium-iodine symporter (NIS) and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) activity, as well as thyroglobulin expression. Direct thyrotoxic effect may also contribute to thyroid pathology upon MCZ exposure. Gonadal effects of MCZ involve inhibition of sex steroid synthesis due to inhibition of P450scc (CYP11A1), as well as 3b-HSD and 17b-HSD. In parallel with altered hormone synthesis, MCZ was shown to down-regulate androgen and estrogen receptor signaling. Taken together, these gonad-specific effects result in development of both male and female reproductive dysfunction. In parallel with clearly estimated targets for MCZ endocrine disturbing activity, namely thyroid and gonads, other endocrine tissues may be also involved. Specifically, the fungicide was shown to affect cortisol synthesis that may be mediated by modulation of CYP11B1 activity. Moreover, MCZ exposure was shown to interfere with PPARg signaling, being a key regulator of adipogenesis. The existing data also propose that endocrine-disrupting effects of MCZ exposure may be mediated by modulation of hypothalamus-pituitary-target axis. It is proposed that MCZ neurotoxicity may at least partially affect central mechanisms of endocrine system functioning. However, further studies are required to unravel the mechanisms of MCZ endocrine disrupting activity and overall toxicity.
Developmental toxicity of endocrine-disrupting chemicals: Challenges and future directions
Authors: Pizent Alica
Published: December 2021

Maternal exposure to a mixture of various endocrine disruptors (EDCs) may have a substantial impact on postnatal health of her offspring(s) and increase the risk for health disorders and diseases in adulthood. Research efforts to better understand the health risk associated with endocrine disruptor exposures in early life have increased in recent decades. This paper provides a short overview of the current challenges that researchers continue to face in selecting appropriate epidemiologic methods and study designs to identify endocrine disruptors and evaluate their adverse health effects during this critical developmental window. Major challenges involve the selection of a representative biomarker that reflects the foetal internal dose of the biologically active chemical or its metabolite(s) that may be associated with adverse health effects with regard to variable level and duration of exposure and the latency between exposure and disorder/disease manifestation. Future studies should pay more attention to identifying factors that contribute to interindividual variability in susceptibility to various EDCs and other toxicants.
Impact of capital structure on bank profitability in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Bošnjak Valentina , Alibegović Džafer
Published: December 2021

Research of the relationship between the structure of sources of financing and the value of the company are numerous in developed markets and for non-financial companies. However, in the markets of developing countries, and especially in the banking sector, the range of research is much narrower. In this paper, we investigate the existence, direction and intensity of the relationship between capital structure and profitability of banks in the Federation of B&H. The entire population of banks in the Federation of B&H, in the period from 2009-2018, served as a sample. As independent variables, parameters of the structure of financing sources, we chose the debt-to-assets ratio, and debt-to-equity ratio, and as dependent variables, bank value indicators, we took profitability measures, i.e., ROA, ROE, and the net profit margin. In addition to the variables that describe the capital structure, the relationship of which is the topic of this paper, as control variables we used additional variables specific to banks, which describe the bank's liquidity, credit risk exposure, operating cost management, size, and market share. The impact of the macroeconomic environment is observed through the assessment of inflation and gross national income per capita, which indicate the direction of the economic cycle for a given year. The results of the research testify to the weak connection between the structure of sources of financing and return on assets, i.e., the negative connection between financial leverage and return on capital. This outcome first relativizes the significance of Modigliani-Miller's position on the irrelevance of capital structure, and then raises the question of the validity of traditional theory. The establishment and management of the capital structure of local banks can only be explained by the pecking order theory.
Modelling the Maternal Oral Health Knowledge, Age Group, Social-Economic Status, and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Stunting Children
Authors: Indriyanti Ratna , Nainggolan Three Rejeki , Sundari Anten Sri , Chemiawan Eka , Gartika Meirina , Setiawan Arlette Suzy
Published: December 2021

The main themes are two main health problems affecting children under five in Indonesia, namely nutrition and oral health. Lack of nutrition in children can also affect their general health, and so does their oral health, leading to their quality of life. The study aimed to analyse the relationship between maternal oral health knowledge, maternal age group, social-economic status with the oral health-related of life in stunting children. This type of analytical research used a survey method on 86 mothers aged 2-5 years in one of 15 villages designated by the mayor of Bandung as a stunting locus. Maternal oral health knowledge, social-economic status, and oral health-related quality of life were assessed using a set of questionnaires that have been pre-tested to non-participant mothers. The hypotheses of the conceptual model were tested using structural equation modelling-partial least squares. The results showed that 16.7% of the variance in OHRQoL was explained by maternal oral health knowledge and the maternal age group. Social-economic status has an indirect relationship to OHRQoL by predicting the maternal oral health knowledge 10.6%. The path coefficient between maternal age group and OHRQoL was the strongest (b = -0.350, P = 0.000), followed by SES and maternal oral health knowledge (b = 0.325, P = 0.04) and to OHRQoL (b = 0.215, P=0.02). The overall predictive power of the model was 10.6%. This result indicated maternal oral health knowledge, social-economic status, and maternal age group related to children's oral health quality of life.
Ob 90. letniku izhajanja Zdravniškega vestnika: Zgodovinski pregled od leta 1929 do leta 2021
Authors: Cvijić Marta , Perne Irena , Geršak Ksenija , Fister Petja
Published: December 2021

Zdravniški vestnik je odigral pomembno vlogo v razvoju sodobne slovenske medicine in slovenskega medicinskega jezika, zlasti terminologije. Namen članka je na kratko prikazati razvoj Zdravniškega vestnika od njegove ustanovitve 1929 do danes.
Popravki založnika
Authors: Kovačević Nina , Drmota Eva , Merlo Sebastjan
Published: December 2021

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The role of geophysics in the construction and stability assessment of tunnels
Authors:   Jabatan Sains Bumi dan Alam Sekitar, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Yaaziz Nik Adib , Arifin Mohd Hariri ,   Jabatan Sains Bumi dan Alam Sekitar, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: December 2021

Geophysics play a vital role in the constructions of any major manmade structures in the world. One of those being the tunnels. In depth understanding of geophysical methods and a lot of information are needed in order to design a tunnel construction project. Comprehensive investigation on the ground condition has to be done before the field preparation study that will determine the stand-up time and the groundwater condition that may disrupt the tunnel construction. For tunnel stability assessment, an integration of geophysical methods is a must in order to obtain the most accurate results. Satellite imaging interpretation emphasizes on the structural tracing of negative lineament while field mapping emphasizes on location of underground seepage and major tectonic structures such as faults, joints and shear zones. Geoelectrical resistivity tomography survey is able to identify the differences in resistivity of Earth’s materials based on the water content inside of them. The best course of remediation could only be chosen once the output from all these studies are made available.
Lenggong Valley – Revisit Our National Treasure
Authors:   Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Teng Jing Hang Eric , Arifin Mohd Hariri ,   Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: December 2021

Lenggong Valley was incepted as UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2012 for its marvellous cultural value. However, the status will be in peril if the valley is left neglected and nothing is done. The area is renowned for the discovery of prehistoric human settlement. Numerous studies and researches have been conducted at Lenggong Valley to increase the scientific knowledge of the surrounding areas for further conservation and development. Toba ash deposit from volcanic eruption in Sumatra, Indonesia and possible meteorite impact were also discovered within the valley. Geoelectrical resistivity survey have been conducted to determine the thickness of Toba ash. The results were correlated with borehole log from the Department of Mineral and Geoscience Malaysia (JMG), that shows the Toba ash layer is around 10 m in depth and presents low resistivity range of values (<100 Ωm). Water geochemical analysis at one of the known water spring shows the surface temperature is 27.6 °C, with a pH value of 7.47. Truth be told, Lenggong Valley has a diversity of archaeological sites and geosites that can be established as a geopark and a group of committee will be materializing it in year 2021 or 2022.
Más allá de los huecos. El tratamiento de los marcadores discursivos en español peninsular mediante las nociones ámbito y posición.
Authors: Salameh Jiménez Shima
Published: December 2021

Presentamos una propuesta didáctica para alumnos de un nivel B2.2 orientada al trabajo de los marcadores discursivos más interactivos en la clase de E/LE. Esta propuesta integra las nociones de posición y ámbito para trabajar con marcadores polifuncionales y conversacionales. Tras una revisión de diferentes materiales didácticos con el fin de detectar el modo en el que se enseñan los marcadores, ofrecemos una secuencia de tres sesiones que toma la idea de (in)corrección política y los debates televisivos como punto de partida.
La Gramática Cognitiva en los manuales de ELE: análisis y propuesta metodológica
Authors: Navarro-Carrascosa Carles
Published: December 2021

La Gramática Cognitiva es una de las propuestas metodológicas para la enseñanza de ELE que más presencia tiene en las aulas en la actualidad. Los manuales se hacen eco de ello y en las últimas décadas son más los materiales que se elaboran adoptando este enfoque para la enseñanza de las estructuras gramaticales. Con este trabajo se pretende analizar la manera en la que estos manuales aplican los principios metodológicos de la GC y cómo pueden los docentes identificar cuáles lo hacen y en qué grado. Para ello, se propone una ficha de análisis que pretende detectar los puntos clave de la GC en los manuales.
A Survey of Cannabis Use in a Large US-Based Cohort of People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Salter Amber , Fox Robert J. , Cutter Gary , Marrie Ruth Ann , Nichol Kate E. , Steinerman Joshua R. , Smith Karry M.J.
Published: December 2021

Background:

As cannabis products become increasingly accessible across the United States, it is important to understand the contemporary use of cannabis for managing multiple sclerosis (MS) symptoms.

Methods:

We invited participants with MS from the North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis (NARCOMS) Registry (aged 18 years or older) to complete a supplemental survey on cannabis use between March and April 2020. Participants reported cannabis use, treated symptoms, patterns, preferences, methods of use, and the factors limiting use. Findings are reported using descriptive statistics.

Results:

Of the 6934 participants invited, 3249 responded. Of the respondents, 31% reported having ever used cannabis to treat MS symptoms, with 20% currently using cannabis. The remaining 69% had never used cannabis for MS symptoms, for reasons including not enough data about efficacy (40%) and safety (27%), and concerns about legality (25%) and cost (18%). The most common symptoms current users were attempting to treat were spasticity (80%), pain (69%), and sleep problems (61%). Ever users (vs never users) were more likely to be younger, be non-White, have lower education, reside in the Northeast and West, be unemployed, be younger at symptom onset, be currently smoking, and have higher levels of disability and MS-related symptoms (all P < .001).

Conclusions:

Despite concerns about insufficient safety and efficacy data, legality, and cost, almost one-third of NARCOMS Registry respondents report having tried nonprescription cannabis products in an attempt to alleviate their symptoms. Given the lack of efficacy and safety data on such products, future research in this area is warranted.
Road Traffic Safety Development Trends in Latvia
Authors: Kreicbergs Juris , Smirnovs Juris , Lama Aldis , Smirnovs Janis , Zarins Atis
Published: December 2021

The main focus of this article is on the road traffic safety development trends in Latvia. Soon after the regain of independence at the beginning of the 1990s, road traffic safety characteristics in Latvia were the worst in the Latvian history. The increase of car availability and affordability made the car a major road vehicle. The implementation of road safety programmes contributed to essential improvement of road traffic safety in Latvia. The number of road accident fatalities in 2020 compared to 1991 decreased more than sevenfold. Nevertheless, the current Latvian road traffic safety statistics is well below the average level of the EU member states and even the pandemics did not cause similar reduction as in most member states. This indicates that great improvement is still needed. The article shows the Latvian experience in road traffic safety enhancements and discusses the measures to improve road traffic safety.
Evaluation of Pavement Runoff and Driving Safety on Highway Curve Segment
Authors: Geng Yanfen , Zhou Huanyun , Gong Xiaojing , Ma Yaolu , Chen Xianhua
Published: December 2021

Runoff depth distribution on the concave and circular curve sections is obtained from a two-dimensional numerical simulating model in order to analyze the temporal and spatial variation of the pavement runoff on the curve section. The two-dimensional model verified by the field data can depict the alignment of pavement more accurately as compared to the empirical equation and a one-dimensional model. The runoff on the concave section and circular curve section is compared for the free water drainage and centerline drainage. Results show that a two-dimensional model is essential for the analysis of the centerline drainage. The runoff depth can be controlled by a reasonable curb height and location interval. The drainage type affects the variation of the runoff depth on the nearside lane, and the maximum water depth can be up to more than 80 mm on the concave section and nearly 60 mm on the circular curve section under centerline drainage. Besides the existing hydroplaning results, the runoff depth difference of the wheel trace should be considered to evaluate driving safety. Sideslip will occur when the depth difference becomes more than 6 mm under condition that the runoff depth is less than the tread depth (7 mm). When the runoff depth is more than the tread depth, sideslip will occur once the depth difference exceeds 4 mm.
ENERGY PROSPECTS IN WESTERN BALKAN REGION ‒ MONTENEGRO CASE
Authors: Đurović Momir
Published: December 2021

To meet new energy demands and climate targets for 2030, the EU member states and West Balkans countries are requested to introduce the National Energy and Climate Plans (NECP) for the period from 2021 to 2030. That implies implementing clean, affordable and renewable energies to reach a climate-neutral economy by 2050. This will require moving towards the long-term goals set by Power agreements, which means to perform economic transformations to reach broader sustainable development goals. To achieve those goals national long-term strategies in Western Balkan countries jointly with EU strategies have to cover, at least, the following in the coming 30 years: total greenhouse emission reduction, even elimination, to extend feasible socio-economic effects of the decarburization measures, to enable links to other national long-term objectives, to make progress on a low greenhouse gas emission economy by encouraging the use of renewable energy sources to approach the European green plan. All those measures will lead the energy sector in the Western Balkans (WB6) to be organized to function with diversified sources of energy, secure fully functional integrated energy market, the free flow of energy, improve efficiency by reducing needs for energy imports; move to low carbon economy by promoting research and innovations in low carbon and clean energy technologies, which will all lead to extensive implantation of renewable energy sources and control of climate change in the region.
RENEWABLE ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN SERBIA AND THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA
Authors: Pavlović Tomislav M. , Mirjanić Dragoljub Lj. , Radonjić Ivana S. , Divnić Darko , Sazhko Galina I.
Published: December 2021

This paper focuses on the use of renewable energy sources in Serbia and the Republic of Srpska and their impact on the environment and climate change. Renewable energy sources used in Serbia are hydropower, solar energy, wind energy, biomass, and biogas. Renewable energy sources used in the Republic of Srpska are hydropower, solar energy, biomass, and biogas. When using hydropower, the formed reservoirs often impact the microclimate of the environment in which they are located. Photothermal and photovoltaic solar radiation conversion installations are mostly stationary, do not emit harmful substances into the environment, and have no impact on climate change. The use of wind turbines has a certain influence on the flow of ambient air. When using biomass and biogas, combustion gases are released into the atmosphere, which has slightly negative impact on climate change. The paper concludes that the use of renewable energy sources in Serbia and the Republic of Srpska has a negligible negative impact on the environment and climate change.
SUSTAINABLE TRANSBOUNDARY HYDROPOWER SYSTEM ON DRINA RIVER AS SYNERGY OF WATER -FOOD-ENERGY-CLIMATE NEXUS
Authors: Stevović Svetlana
Published: December 2021

The Drina River has always been a source of drinking water and irrigation for food production, with all its tributaries and branching catchment area across the territories of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia. It has connected peoples and cultures for centuries with its bridges. At the same time, with its great head, the Drina has always represented a significant hydropower potential. Throughout history, numerous watermills have been built on it. Currently, there are several constructed hydro-technical facilities on the Drina and in its catchment area. Among them, the most important are dams, with roads over them, associated hydroelectric power plants and belonging structures for flood control, water intakes for drinking water or irrigation. Due to multiple possible, almost always conflicting purposes, as well as several states, entities and other stakeholders, the management of Drina River water resources from the angle of the water-food-energy and climate nexus is an extremely complex problem. In addition to the impact on hydropower, agriculture, forestry, transport, irrigation and drainage, tourism and socio-cultural events, the construction of such strategic structures has also an impact on the climate of the Western Balkans. The issue of optimization within the nexus of the water-food-energy-climate requires holistic research to find synergistic solutions. These solutions are certainly a compromise. But inevitably, they must meet the criteria of sustainable development and the requirements of reducing global warming, according to the set conditions of the adopted European Green Plan for the Western Balkans. This paper proposes a methodology for finding optimal/compromise hydropower solutions, which synergistically include all parameters of influence. Holistic research of sustainable hydropower systems on the Drina River, from the angle of the water-food-energyclimate nexus, is presented. Particularly detailed analyses of the course of the river between the towns of Foča and Goražde, as well as the downstream part between Zvornik and mouth, known as the Lower Drina. In these sections, the most pronounced conflict is whether water will be used for drinking and/or food production and/or energy production and what impact possible solutions have on the climate of the region.
Personal data security in PRC: vectors of improving legal regulation in the financial and banking sector
Authors: Gorian Ella
Published: December 2021

The object of this research is the legal relations in the sphere of regulation of personal data security in the financial and banking sector of the People's Republic of China. The characteristics is given to the current legislation of China (Civil Code, Personal Information Protection Law, and Cybersecurity Law), existing or draft bylaws in the field of personal data security. Attention is given the second revision of the draft law on personal information protection, as well as determination of the institutional mechanism for ensuring personal data security. The article examines the peculiarities of regulation of relations in the sphere of ensuring personal data security in the financial and banking sector, as well as characterizes  the role of the financial regulator in this mechanism. The development of the mechanism for personal data protection is at completion stage; besides the adoption of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China, which establishes the framework for regulation, two of the three special laws – Personal Information Protection Law and Cybersecurity Law – have already been adopted. The flagship law on Personal Information Protections is expected to be adopted by 2021. The aforementioned laws encompass all spheres of information security and ensure strong data protection regime: outline the scope of regulation, objects and subject composition, responsibility, and institutional control mechanism. The legal regime covers such aspects of relations as personal data of deceased persons, persons with reduced capabilities (due to age and health), as well as transnational data transfer. At this point, the financial and banking sector features a number of bylaws that set strict standards for ensuring personal information protection. The leading role in this mechanism is played by the financial regulator – the People's Bank of China. The standards adopted by the People’s Bank of China require further examination, which would allow formulating recommendations for the improvement of the Russian legal system.
Dynamics of the network of evacuation hospitals in Novosibirsk Region during the Great Patriotic War
Authors: Semenov Mikhail Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2021

The subject of this research is the dynamics of the network of evacuation hospitals that were formed and operated in Novosibirsk Region. The relevance of this topic is substantiated. Analysis is conducted on the available information on this topic in the scientific and local literature. Leaning on the archival materials, the author traces the formation, displacement, and dissolution of evacuation hospitals located on the territory of Novosibirsk Region in its modern borders. Description is given to the fundamental changes in the network of evacuation hospitals: dynamics in the number of hospital beds, and specialization of the evacuation hospitals. The dependence of changes in the network of evacuation hospitals in the region on the role and place assigned by the highest military sanitary administration to homefront hospitals overall. The novelty of this work lies in determination of the key stages in the dynamics of the network of evacuation hospitals based on the detailed tracking of changes. The first stage (July – October 1941) is characterized by expansion of the network of evacuation hospitals due to the local formations. The second stage (October 1941 – April 1942) is associated with violent fluctuations, substantiated by the rapidly changing situation at the front and, and thus, transformation of the views of the military medical administration upon on the role and place of the homefront hospitals, including Novosibirsk Region. The third stage covers the period from April 1942 up until Victory, marking gradual stabilization of the network of evacuation hospitals in Novosibirsk Region. They filled their niche by rendering medical aid to the wounded with long treatment periods, which justified the evacuation of the wounded from the front to remote Siberian hospitals.
Solidarity as the phenomenon of modern culture
Authors: Popov Evgeniy Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2021

This article elucidated the phenomenon of solidarity from the perspective of value-semantic characteristic. The existing research on solidarity focus attention on the social nature and social aspects of the formation and development of this phenomenon. However, this is insufficient to get a clear picture of the factors that determine the solidary interaction of individuals: sacred values, values of the good, historical memory, etc. Examination of solidarity from such perspective allows developing such independent avenue of research as axiology of solidarity, etc. The main conclusions acquired in the course of studying solidarity as the cultural phenomenon consists in the following statements: 1) values are the determinants of solidarity, although the type of values (political, ideological, social) are of little significance; 2) solidarity is rather associated with universal values that are present in each culture, regardless of its national distinctness; 3) special role in studying solidarity is played by the empirical techniques  that allow specifying the value aspects of manifestations of solidarity in various social groups and communities, as well as sociocultural systems
Closing the year 2021… being on track for 2022!
Authors: Rossetto Rudy , Borsi Iacopo
Published: December 2021

We are approaching the end of year 2021, certainly not without difficulties and complications. Even in this non-trivial context, the community working on groundwater continued in its commitment and production, both at national and international level. We wish to recall that this year our Journal got impacted in the SCOPUS database since Volume 1 published in June 2012 [...].
Electronic and optical properties of inorganic lead-free perovskite Cs3Bi2I9
Authors: Song Xie-Fei , Shai Xu-Xia , Li Jie , Ma Xin-Ru , Fu Yun-Chang , Zeng Chun-Hua ,   Institute of Physical and Engineering Science, Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
Published: December 2021

Organic-inorganic halide perovskite materials are widely used in solar cells because of their excellent photoelectric properties. However, the stability and lead toxicity problems associated with materials and devices have restrict their production and development. Compared with the hybrid perovskite, the inorganic lead-free perovskite Cs3Bi2I9 has attracted wide attention because of its stronger stability and environmental friendliness. The Cs3Bi2I9 has three crystal types: monoclinic type, trigonal type, and hexagonal type. At present, the researches of Cs3Bi2I9 focus mainly on the hexagonal phase. In this paper, based on the first principles of density functional theory, the electronic properties, carrier effective mass values, stabilities, and optical properties of Cs3Bi2I9 monoclinic, trigonal, and hexagonal phases are studied theoretically. It is suggested that the stabilities of the three crystal phases are similar, and the direct band gap (1.21 eV) of the trigonal phase would be noticeable. For the three phases, their effective mass values show that their properties are the same along both the a direction and the b direction, but different along the c direction. The effective mass of electron of the trigonal phase is significantly smaller along the a-direction than along the c-direction. Corresponding to the red shift phenomenon of optical properties, the trigonal phase shows the better optical absorption performance than other phases. In addition, the optical properties also show that the properties are the same along the a direction and the b direction, but different along the c direction, and the optical absorption performance is better along the a-direction than along the c-direction.
Experiencing (from) the inside – Mediated perspectives in kindergartens
Authors: Bråten Ingvard , Hoem Jon Øivind
Published: December 2021

This paper presents a case study of preservice kindergarten teachers’ use of new form of digital imagery. The paper introduces spherical cameras and digital microscopes and discusses their affordances when introduced in practical use in in teacher education and in kindergartens. The use in kindergartens was introduced through a class of 34 teacher students in kindergarten education. The students were special­izing in Arts and design at Western Norway University of Applied Sciences. The use of images from spherical cameras and digital microscopes is discussed and analysed, based on data from student responses through two questionnaires, group presentations and discussions in class, and an analysis of various media material produced by students.
Social innovation for modified consumption by means of the school subject Art and crafts
Authors: Neuberg Anita
Published: December 2021

In this paper I will take a look at how one can facilitate the change in consumption through social inno­vation, based on the subject of art and design in Norwegian general education. This paper will give a presentation of books, featured relevant articles and formal documents put into context to identify different causal mechanisms around our consumption. The discussion will be anchored around the resources and condition that must be provided to achieve and identify opportunities for action under the subject of Art and crafts, a subject in Norwegian general education with designing at the core of the subject, ages 6–16. The question that this paper points toward is: How can we, based on the subject of Art and crafts in primary schools, facilitate the change in consumption through social innovation?
Escribir & tachar. Narrativas escritas por mujeres en Chile (1920-1970). Andrea Kottow y Ana Traverso. Santiago: Ediciones Overol, 2020.
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Amaro Lorena
Published: December 2021

Reseña de Escribir & tachar. Narrativas escritas por mujeres en Chile (1920-1970), de Andrea Kottow y Ana Traverso.
Ciudades literarias en el imaginario del norte chileno
Authors:   Universidad de Concepción (Chile), Ostria Mauricio , Henríquez Patricia ,   Universidad de Concepción (Chile)
Published: December 2021

La literatura ficcionaliza el espacio o lo convierte en escena: entran en juego los correlatos espaciales; los terrenos ‘propios’ y ‘ajenos’, cotidianos y sagrados, fantasmagóricos, oníricos. Se trata de espacios ficticios y sitios evocados capaces de simbolizar un conjunto de “lugares posibles” para el despliegue de un prodigioso imaginario geográfico. Así, en la narrativa nortina: las alturas andinas y sus pueblos de indios; los inmensos desiertos poblados de oficinas salitreras y faenas mineras; los veloces procesos de modernización urbana en puertos cuyos horizontes se tornan internacionales y transfronterizos. Estos lugares se hacen palabra y asumen el carácter de espacio nortino imaginario. De esa forma, el Norte Grande chileno ha sido asumido y transformado en sucesivos paisajes literarios en los que se reconocen el hombre y la mujer de esas tierras, como sucede concretamente aquí, en Pisagua y Pampa Unión.
La experiencia del desamparo en novelas de João Gilberto Noll, Chico Buarque y Michel Laub
Authors:   Universidad de Bonn (Alemania), López Natalia , Marambio Matías ,   Universidad Alberto Hurtado (Chile), Nitschack Horst ,   Universidad de Chile
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo desarrolla una lectura de textos literarios desde el campo delimitado por las teorizaciones sobre afectos. A partir del análisis de tres novelas brasileñas contemporáneas, Bandoleros (1985), de Joao Gilberto Noll; Estorvo (1991), de Chico Buarque y Longe da água (2004), de Michel Laub, se explora la dimensión política y performativa del desamparo como afecto. La lectura apunta a las posibilidades y limitaciones sociales del desamparo considerando dos ejes en los que se evidencian su apertura y su incertidumbre: la crisis y la descomposición de los vínculos sociales en Bandoleros y en Longe da água, y los quiebres de la comunicación y el lenguaje en Estorvo. En ambos, la violenta dinámica procesual del desamparo está marcada por la descomposición de las subjetividades de los protagonistas que alcanza un punto de ruptura, el cual puede prefigurar nuevas singularidades y formas de lo común.
Proposed Expert System for Controlling Obesity and Overweight Issues among Urban and Semi-urban School going Children: An Epidemiological Study
Authors: Garg Anchal , Bhatia Madhulika , Hooda Madhurima
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The incremental swift pervasiveness and the associated health consequences, obesity is perceived as one of the most genuine health problems of the early 21st century. The predominance of obese and flabbiness expanded considerably over current decades. The reasons for stoutness are dramatic and multifactorial. Research on childhood obesity has shown the role of race, ethnicity, and social factors, for example, family income, family structure, and community protection. Aim: To devise an expert system that will provide timely educational resources to the children, parents and schools to educate about the impact of junk food, low physical activity and poor lifestyle, as well as effect of excessive weight on overall health of a person in the form of short videos. Materials and Methods: To create an expert system data will be collected, preprocessed and analysed statistically. Sample schools from urban and semi-urban regions would be identified for the study. Data from various sources will be integrated for better data analysis and a questionnaire will be structured to assess subject readiness. After assessing web-based and mobile-based expert system will be developed for counseling and bringing awareness on behaviour and lifestyle of the participant. Conclusion: The diet of kids is a serious concern now-a-days. The obesity leads to health concerns especially among even in the younger generations aging 5-12 years. There is an urgent need of system that can automatically track obese stages and recommend appropriate diet.
How Data is Helping to Fight COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Athavale Harsh Arvind , Athavale Sunita Arvind , Pathak Amey Subodh , Pathak Tanmay Subodh
Published: December 2021

Early in 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic emerged as a global public health concern requiring urgent attention, concerted efforts and intervention to avoid catastrophe. This necessitated optimal use of fast-emerging data to be analysed to draw out inferences that would shape our response. World Health Organisation (WHO) called this pandemic an infodemic where data played a crucial role. This paper reviews how data from varied sources and different types helped delay the outbreak, limit the spread, initiate social and public health measures, decide treatment regimes, optimise healthcare infrastructure and human resources and helped to initiate a multipronged strategy with emerging evidence for further course correction as the world progressed through the pandemic. The classical mathematical tools, i.e., Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model and its variants, were the primary analytical techniques utilised to analyse such data. However, newer data analytical techniques utilising artificial intelligence and machine learning, were also extensively used. These techniques have the capability to handle large quantities of data and develop prediction models of various emerging situations that offer foreknowledge for policymakers and provide solutions. Data Science has witnessed a leap in the past few years, and the way it helped shape our response to this pandemic is a testimony to the promise that it holds for humankind.
Correlation of Pirani Scoring with the Outcome of Treatment in Idiopathic Congenital Talipes Equinovarus Treated with Ponseti Method: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kolla Karnakar , Athani BD , Jain Shweta , Gupta Vikas
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Congenital Talipes Equino Varus (CTEV) is the most common congenital musculoskeletal malformation and Ponseti method of correction is most commonly used technique. Pirani score is the simplest, reliable and quick to use tool designed to assess the severity of deformity. Aim: To evaluate the results of Ponseti method in children with idiopathic CTEV using modified Pirani score. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted over a period of 18 months from September 2015 to February 2017 in the Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR) and Orthopaedics of Safdarjung hospital, New Delhi. Thirty cases representing 47 feet were recruited for the study. They were divided (15 in each) into 0-6 months (younger) and 6-12 months (older) group and were evaluated pre and post Ponseti correction using modified Pirani score in terms of number of casts required, necessity of Percutaneous Tendo-Achilles Tenotomy (PTAT) and the outcome after 12 months of follow-up. Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used for correlation. Results: There was preponderance of bilateral CTEV, 17 (56.6%) and 38 severe cases (80.85%) had mean Pirani score higher (5.52) in older group than in younger group (5.38). Number of casts required to correct the deformity with Pirani score 0 at the end of the treatment was related to severity (p=0.001) and not age (p=0.591). Present study showed 43 feet (91.48%) required PTAT to correct the equinus deformity (p=0.041). Satisfactory outcome was noted in 41 feet (87.23%) of cases at 12 months of follow-up out of which more were in younger age group. Conclusion: Requirement of number of casts and tenotomy was related with severity of CTEV.
Lifestyle Practices and Knowledge on Prevention and Control of Overweight and Obesity among Adolescents: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mathew Shycil , Dsouza Jenifer , Saldanha Prakash
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Adolescent obesity is a major public health challenge and it is a growing epidemic. Change in diet and physical inactivity are the key factors affecting weight among adolescents. Due to this, the prevalence of non communicable diseases and their risk factors are alarmingly high among them. To tackle this issue, early identification and effective health promotion strategies at a young age need to be adopted. Hence, there is a need for understanding the current trend in overweight and obesity among growing adolescents. Aim: To identify the lifestyle practices and to determine knowledge on prevention and control of overweight and obesity among overweight and obese adolescents in selected urban high schools at Mangaluru, Dakshina Kannada (D.K.), India. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents at selected urban high schools of Mangaluru, D K, India. A sample of 360 adolescents were screened to identify the occurrence of overweight and obesity. Body Mass Index (BMI) was computed using the formula, BMI=weight (Kg)/ height (m2). A total of 65 overweight and obese adolescents were assessed for lifestyle practices and level of knowledge on prevention and control of overweight and obesity. Demographic proforma, a structured knowledge questionnaire, and a self-report lifestyle practice rating scale were used to collect data. Results: The occurrence of overweight and obesity among adolescents was 18%. According to their BMI status, 9.7% of adolescents were overweight and 8.3% of them were obese. Self- reported lifestyle practice scores depicted that most (86.2%) of the overweight and obese adolescents follow unhealthy lifestyle practices. Majority (66.1%) of the adolescents had only average knowledge on prevention and control of overweight and obesity. Conclusion: Though a maximum number of adolescents had average knowledge on prevention and control of overweight and obesity, unhealthy lifestyle practices are major risk factors for overweight and obesity among growing adolescents. Overweight and obese adolescents should strictly follow healthy lifestyle practices.
Буйвол из Подмосковья — экзотический иммигрант конца плейстоцена, "Природа"
Authors: Лопатин А.В. , Вислобокова И.А.
Published: December 2021

Обнаруженный вблизи Коломны череп вымершего европейского буйвола Bubalus murrensis свидетельствует о проникновении этих теплолюбивых животных в центральную часть Русской равнины, занятую в основном холодостойкой фауной, во времена межстадиального потепления бёллинг—аллерёд (около 14.7–12.6 тыс. лет назад). Это неожиданное открытие иллюстрирует сложность процессов преобразования позднеплейстоценовой мегафауны в разных областях Европы на фоне быстрого глобального похолодания после окончания теплого интерстадиала.
Родники Волго-Донского междуречья, "Природа"
Authors: Овчарова А.Ю.
Published: December 2021

На Волго-Донском междуречье традиционно мало пресной воды, поэтому подземные воды играют здесь огромную роль. Их эксплуатационные ресурсы распределены неравномерно, а многие родники находятся в запустении. Тем не менее люди продолжают пользоваться ими, ведь других источников воды часто просто нет. Рассмотрим, в каком состоянии находятся местные родники и насколько безопасно ими пользоваться.
По физиологии или медицине — Дэвид Джулиус и Ардем Патапоутян, "Природа"
Authors: Колесников С.С.
Published: December 2021

Нобелевская премия 2021 г. в области физиологии или медицины присуждена американским ученым Дэвиду Джулиусу и Ардему Патапоутяну «за открытие рецепторов температуры и осязания». Эти рецепторы — фактически катионные Са-проницаемыми каналы, которые детектируют тепловые или механические возмущения плазматической мембраны клетки и конвертируют их в изменения мембранного потенциала и уровня внутриклеточного Са. В статье обсуждаются ретроспективы исследований этих ученых и их ключевые результаты, которые получили столь высокую оценку Нобелевского комитета.
СИММЕТРИЧНАЯ НЕУСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ ГЕОСТРОФИЧЕСКИХ ТЕЧЕНИЙ С КОНЕЧНЫМ ПОПЕРЕЧНЫМ МАСШТАБОМ, "Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика"
Authors: Кузьмина Н.П. , Журбас Н.В.
Published: December 2021

Проведен сравнительный анализ симметричных неустойчивых возмущений геострофического течения с постоянным вертикальным и горизонтальным сдвигом скорости в безграничной области и области с боковыми границами. Представлены расчеты скорости роста неустойчивых возмущений в зависимости от вертикального волнового числа для различных безразмерных параметров задачи. Отмечается, что в случае симметричной неустойчивости течения с конечным поперечным масштабом с учетом диффузии массы и импульса, которая возникает при условии Ri (1+Ro)<1 (Ri — геострофическое число Ричардсона, Ro — число Россби), существует конечный вертикальный масштаб максимально растущего возмущения в отличие от случая симметричной неустойчивости в безграничной области, когда максимально растущее возмущение с учетом диффузии массы и импульса реализуются при m 0 (m — вертикальное волновое число). Показано, что совместный эффект боковых границ и диффузии импульса и массы при Pr 1 (Pr — число Прандтля) в зависимости от значений безразмерных параметров задачи может существенно влиять на динамику симметричных возмущений, а именно: приводить к сужению спектра неустойчивых возмущений и уменьшению их скорости роста, и даже препятствовать развитию неустойчивости.v
ПАРАБОЛИЧЕСКИЕ ЛОВУШКИ ВОЛН РОССБИ В ОКЕАНЕ, "Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика"
Authors: Гневышев В.Г. , Белоненко Т.В.
Published: December 2021

Анализ динамики волн Россби показывает, что при взаимодействии их со сдвиговыми течениями возможны режимы, когда из-за неоднородности фонового течения волны Россби захватываются течением, при этом происходит вертикальная фокусировка — сжатие моды на некотором вертикальном горизонте. Для вертикальной моды вместо классического тригонометрического косинуса появляются сильно локализованные решения в виде экспоненциально модулированных полиномов Эрмита. Качественно ситуацию можно описать следующим образом: неоднородное фоновое течение действует как некая параболическая антенна. Волна, попадая в эту параболическую ловушку, начинает отражаться от сужающихся стенок параболоида, при этом вертикальная зона прозрачности сужается, а продвижение волны к центру параболоида все более и более замедляется. В линейной постановке этот процесс длится бесконечно долго, при этом расстояние между соседними точками отражения от зеркала параболоида постепенно сокращается. Для внутренних волн такое уравнение в окрестности фокуса существует. Поскольку в окрестности фокуса нет принципиальных отличий внутренних волн от Россби, то математическую часть работы для внутренних волн можно трансформировать и для волн Россби. В терминах интеграла Фурье построено двумерное аналитическое решение эталонного уравнения для вертикальной фокусировки монохроматической волны в окрестности фокуса. Показана идентичность этого решения с решением эталонного уравнения в терминах вырожденной гипергеометрической функции от комплексного переменного, полученного в предыдущих исследованиях. Методом стационарной фазы найдена асимптотика решения в дальней зоне. Показано, что корректная двумерная сшивка полученного решения в виде вырожденной гипергеометрической функции от комплексного переменного происходит с ВКБ-решением в дальней зоне в терминах экспоненциально мажорированных полиномов Эрмита. Показано, что вопрос о поглощении в фокальной зоне не носит однозначный характер, и поэтому возможны обе ситуации: как прохождение, так и отражение от особенности.
УПРОЩЕННОЕ ОПИСАНИЕ УСЛОВИЙ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ТЕМНОЙ МОДЫ В ДИСКРЕТНОМ НАНОВОЛНОВОДЕ, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Сапегин А.А. , Барабаненков М.Ю.
Published: December 2021

Рассмотрена задача дальнего распространения электромагнитного возбуждения по линейной цепочке малых частиц в приближении ближайших соседей. Выведена приближенная формула для параметра волнового взаимодействия соседних частиц. Рассчитаны резонансные длины волн для Au-наносфер. Сопоставление с результатами точного расчета показало, что приближенная формула справедлива только для длин волн электромагнитного излучения, на которых мнимая часть диэлектрической проницаемости материала частиц имеет близкий к нулю минимум при отрицательной действительной части.