bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dead Monks and Bad Debts: Some Provisions of a Buddhist Monastic Inheritance Law
Authors: Schopen
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Auf Der Spur Von Ai. véh
Authors: Malzahn
Published: March 2012

The root √vī `trace, follow after' has a remarkable 3rd person sg. injunctive véh in the Rigveda. It is argued that the form is coined on the 2nd sg. present injunctive véh which itself has been reinterpreted as an aorist injunctive.
Schlerath, Bernfried, Kleine Schriften
Authors: Schmitt
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Pirart, Éric, Les Nāsatya, Volume II. Traduction commentée des strophes consacrées aux Aśvin dans les mandala II–V de la Rgvedasamhitā. Bibliothèque de la Faculté de Philosophie et Lettres de l'Université de Liège. Fascicule CCLXXX
Authors: Jamison
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Piotr Balcerowicz, Jaina Epistemology in Historical and Comparative Perspective. Critical Edition and English Translation of Logical-Epistemological Treatises: Nya¯yâvata¯ra, Nya¯yâvata¯ra-vivrti and Nya¯yâvata¯ra-tippana with Introduction and Notes
Authors: Mette
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Avestan ao¯ and vi¯diδa¯ra-: On a new edition of Ha¯ado¯xt Nask 2
Authors: de Vaan
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Freda Matchett, Krsna Lord of Avata¯ra? The Relationship between Krsna and Visnu in the context of the avata¯ra myth as presented by the Harivams´a, theVisnupura¯na and the Bha¯gavatapura¯na
Authors: Schreiner
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Avestan Ainita- “Unharmed”
Authors: Kuiper F. B. J.
Published: March 2012

Bartholomae explains Av. ainita- “nicht vergewaltigt, - gekränkt” (Yt. 13.34; 51; 63) and ainiti- “milde Behandlung, Milde” from an-inita-, resp. *an-initi- (owing to haplology, see Altiran. Wörterb. 125 f.). This theory is the inevitable consequence of his positing an Avestan word [initi-] “Vergewaltigung, Kränkung”, supposed to be attested in the Instr. Sg. inti- Vend. 18.61 and in nitī. Y. 30.11b. If however [initio] had really been in use both in Gāthic and in Later Avestan, it would be hard to conceive how its opposite *an-initi- could have become [aniti-], since the Avestan speaker, in that case, must always have been aware of its origin as a mere negation of [initi-]. Besides, a participle *inita- would be anomalous in several respects. In the first place the present inaoiti [inauti], corresponding to Ved. inóti, must be referred to a root i-, as there is no indication to show that from the stem i-nau- a secondary root in- had been created in Indo-Iranian. The participle -inita-, only twice attested in a comparatively late Vedic text (úpenita- Šat. Br. III) is certainly an occasional new formation of Sanskrit. The Indo-Ir. noun Ved. énas-, Av. aēnah- “act of violence, crime, sin” contains the IE. suffix *-nes- and is derived direct from the root (cf. Ved. rékllas-,Av. raēxinah- from the root *raik-). As for Ved. iná- “strong, mighty, fierce”, there is no reason why it should rather be analysed as in-á- (e.g. Lindner, Altindische Nominalbildung, p. 33) than as i-ná-:. the nominal stem derived from the present stem is, indeed, -invá- (Wackernagel, Altind. Gramm., II, 1, p. 181). Secondly Bartholomae disregarded the fact that, while in Sanskrit participles in -ta- with an analogical “connecting -i-” are quite common, they are completely unknown in Old Iranian. This is apparently due to the circumstance that the IE. formation in *-H-tó- contained a consonantal laryngeal, which vanished in Iranian while being secondarily vocalized in the Indian branch. Thus to Ved. gbhītá- (with a specific Indian lengthening of i<H after a labial sonant) corresponds grpta- in Avestan. The mutilated Old Persian form agrbi ( … ) in Dar. Beh. 2.73, for which Bartholomae, Tolman, and Kent read āgarbīta “seized” (p. p., with a long i!), is more likely to stand for āgrbi (: Ved. aghyata). Accordingly Fravrtiš agrbi anayatā abiy mām means “F. was seized (and) led to me” (cf. 2.88). As far as the noun [initio] is concerned, the fact should be stressed that even in Sanskrit the “connecting -i-” is confined to the participles but does not, as a rule, occur in the verbal nouns in -ti-.
Studies in Yama and MāRa
Authors: Wayman Alex
Published: March 2012

Ehni points out that in the Vedas there is a word y´ma (accent on initial) meaning “tamer, guider (especially of the carriage horse)”, and another word yam´ (accent on final) meaning “twin”. This latter word is the name of the deity Yama. The Taittirīya Samhitā gives this explanation: “The gods and Yama were at strife over this world; Yama appropriated (ayuvata) the power and strength of the gods; therefore Yama has his name.” The Brhaddevatā has this: “He giving (prayachan) offspring here, and gathering (them) goes forth (to the other world): therefore the seer Yama calls him, the son of Vivasvat, Yama.” In the epic, “He is called Yama, it being he who keeps mankind in check.”
Über den ursprung der voneinander abweichenden Strukturen der Munda- und Khmer-Nikobar-Sprachen
Authors: Pinnow Heinz-Jürgen
Published: March 2012

Da die Bezeichnung ,,Mon-Khmer“ zweideutig ist – sie umfasst nämlich einmal nur die Mon-Khmer-Sprachen im engeren Sinne, also Mon, Khmer, Bahnar, Mnong usw., zum anderen aber diese Sprachen und die verwandten Gruppen Khasi, Nikobar, Palaung-Wa, Semang, Sakai und Jakud – sei hier vorgeschlagen, den Terminus ,,Mon-Khmer“ nur noch im engeren Sinne zu verwenden und ihn im weiteren Sinne gegen die Bezeichnung ,,Khmer-Nikobar“ einzutauschen, da dadurch Irrtümer vermieden und ausserdem die zu bezeichnenden Sprachgruppen besser charakterisiert werden als durch die zu einer Gruppe gehörenden Sprachen Mon und Khmer. Die gesamte Ostobergruppe der austroasiatischen Sprachen wird durch die beiden charakteristischen und wichtigen Sprachen, die alte Literatursprache Khmer und die besonders altertümliche Nikobar-Gruppe, wohl am besten repräsentiert. Die Bezeichnung Mon-Annam-Sprachen ist wegen des Übergangscharakters des Vietnamesischen abzulehnen. Die Khmer-Nikobar-Sprachen stehen also den Mundasprachen in Vorderindien gegenüber.
Der strībhedavarana-khaa in der Padumāvatī des Malik Muammad Jāyasī
Authors: Kapp Dieter B.
Published: March 2012

The present article is concerned with “the chapter of the description of the [four] categories of women”, the strībhedavarana-khaa, which comprises the stanzas 463–467 of the great romantic poem Padumāvatī. It was composed ca. 1540 A.D. by the Muslim poet Malik Muammad Jāyasī, the most significant representative of the ūfī poets of Oudh, in Old Avadhi, the language of his native country.This study opens with a general introduction about the author and his chef-d'œuvre, which also gives the contents of the epic. The subject dealt with here is introduced by a short synopsis on the tradition of the description of the four categories of women, i.e. padminī, citriī, śakhinī, and hastinī, in Sanskrit erotic literature. Text and translation of the strībhedavarana-khaa, together with exhaustive notes, form the greater part of this article. The notes which appear after the translation of each verse, aim mainly at comparing Jāyasī's conception of the four categories of women with those held by authors of Sanskrit texts on this subject. For purpose of comparison, more than ten Sanskrit texts, beginning with Kokkoka's Ratirahasya, which was composed before 1200 A.D., have been cited. Besides, various quotations both from Sanskrit literature and from Arabic narrative literature have been given as illustrative examples, particularly in those cases, where no parallels for specific details in Jāyasī's description could be found in the Sanskrit texts referred to.The comparison of Jāyasī's conception of the four categories of women with those held by Kokkoka and his epigones, points to the conclusion that probably Jāyasī has not used any definite literary source for writing this particular chapter, but rather has relied upon possibly wide-spread popular traditions of this system of classification of women.Two conspicuous peculiarities in Jāyasī's very detailed description which are worthy of special note, have been discussed at the conclusion of the introductory remarks. The first is the “confusion” of the termini sakhinī and sighinī, that has been imputed to the poet by several editors of his œuvre; from my point of view, however, this “confusion” was fully intended by the author. The second peculiarity is Jāyasī's apparently individual interpretation of the so-called “sixteen śgāras”, i.e. “methods of decoration of the body”, which combined with the “twelve ābharaas”, i.e. “ornaments”, are generally known as the complete ornamentation of woman. According to Jāyasī, the “sixteen śgāras” are the “sixteen physical refinements”, divided into four groups: (1) four parts of the body (in the widest sense of the word) having “longness”, i.e. hair, fingers, eyes, neck, (2) four having “shortness”, i.e. teeth, breasts, forehead, navel, (3) four having “broadness”, i.e. cheeks, buttocks, arms, calves, and (4) four having “slenderness”, i.e. nose, waist, belly, lips.
Zur metrik in einem tantratext
Authors: Vetter Tilmann
Published: March 2012

In editing (anonymous) texts like the asāhasra Sahitā there are few possibilities to reach a correct/authentic text. One of them is to pay close attention to the rules of Śloka metre in general, as well as to the various deviations from the standard form actually occuring in a text. By observing conscientiously the manuscript variants of the metrically (mostly) correct (and older) MS A of the a.Sah., 28 emendations can be proposed with regard to the text edition of J. Schoterman. Also, another 5 passages can, following this method, be indicated which are metrically incorrect and should be studied again by re-checking the MSS available.
Sur une hétéroclisie verbale avestique
Authors: Kellens Jean
Published: March 2012

La métrique des textes avestiques indique que le participe présent de duuĩs nc dérive pas d'un thème t bĩsiia-, mais tbĩsaiia-.
Reviews
Authors: de Jong
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Palinode: Avestan Naēdā
Authors: Kuiper
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
CDIAL 13073 SAKTHÁN-, NOM. SÁKTHI
Authors: Hamp
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Reviews
Authors: Hara
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Reviews; Śrautakośa. Encyclopaedia of Vedic Sacrificial Rituals Comprising the Two Complementary Sections, Namely, the Sanskrit Section and the English Section
Authors: Klaus
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Jonathan Bader, Meditation in Śannkara's Veānta
Authors: Mayeda
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Mark Tatz, The Skill in Means Sūtra (Upāyakauśsalya)
Authors: Jong
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Leslie Grey, A Concordance of Buddhist Birth Stories
Authors: Jong
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Gavin Flood, An Introduction to Hinduism
Authors: Brockington
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Igor de Rachewiltz, The Mongolian Tanjur Version of the Bodhicaryāvatāra
Authors: de Jong
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
On Nagarjuna's So-called Fallacies: a Comparative Approach
Authors: Taber
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
André Bareau, Recherches sur la biographie du Buddha dans les Sūtrapitaka et les Vinayapitaka anciens, III
Authors:   de Jong
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
A Guide to the Bodhisattva Way of Life (Bodhicaryāvatāra) by Śāntideva
Authors: de Jong
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Roque Mesquita, Yāmunācāryas Samvitsiddhi. Kritische Edition, Übersetzung und Anmerkungen. Mit einem Rekonstruktionsversuch der verlorenen Abschnitte
Authors: de Jong
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Kevin Trainor, Relics, Ritual, and Representation in Buddhism: Rematerializing the Sri Lankan Theravāda Tradition
Authors: Spencer
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
What is the Dharmaś Caturbhadrah
Authors: Lindtne
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Tachikawa, Musashi, An Introduction to the Philosophy of Nāgārjuna, Delhi, 1997. vi + 213 pp. ISBN 81-208-1466-5.
Authors: Mabbett
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Johannes Bronkhorst, Tradition and Argument in Classical Indian Linguistics: the Bahiranga-Paribhās_.ā in the Paribhās_.enduśekhara (Studies of Classical India, volume 6)
Authors: Wujastyk
Published: March 2012

No Abstract
Fourteenth Annual Margaret Mann Phillips Lecture: Of Mice and Men: Aelurus Colocci's Invectives Against Erasmus
Authors: Rowland Ingrid
Published: March 2012

An unusual view of Erasmus comes from sixteenth-century Rome, in a series of poems that portray the sage of Rotterdam through the eyes of Aelurus, the beloved cat of Angelo Colocci (1474–1548), humanist, socialite, book collector, antiquarian, and undisputed expert on the length of the ancient Roman foot.
Erasmus' Plea for Bible Reading in the Vernacular. The Legacy of the Devotio Moderna?
Authors: François Wim
Published: March 2012

Erasmus has written several pleas for Bible reading in the vernacular, perhaps the most visible being his introduction to the Paraphrases on the Gospel of Matthew. Comparable apologies were already to be found in the milieu of the Dutch Devotio Moderna in the works of, among others, Zerbolt van Zutphen (1367–1398), especially his De libris teutonicalibus and Circa Modum. Erasmus' defences of vernacular Bible translation do not contain verbatim similarities with Zerbolt's works, but the parallels both at the level of the argumentation and the biblical-patristic authorities invoked are striking. There are good reasons to assume that Erasmus was indebted to arguments in favour of the lay Bibles that were already circulating in the milieu in which he was educated in the Low Countries, a milieu that was deeply influenced by the Devotio Moderna. Particular attention is given to a Middle Dutch collation book from the years 1417–1443 (Berchmanianum ms 12 B I), now preserved in the Maurits Sabbe Library of the Leuven Faculty of Theology. The third collation takes Zerbolt's Circa Modum as its basis but provides some supplementary argumentation for the reading of the Bible and other devout books in the vernacular. The argumentation employed exhibits an interesting degree of resemblance with Erasmus' later pleas for a lay Bible. Perhaps Erasmus heard or read the piece when he was a student in Deventer. It should also be observed that Erasmus kept his distance from the inheritance of Devotio Moderna by radicalizing the arguments of Zerbolt. He did not want to reserve individual Bible reading to laici spirituales (those living in semi-religious communities) but wanted to open it to all lay people living in the world. Moreover, he did not only want to place the Gospels, Acts and Psalms at the disposal of the common people but desired to grant the reading public access to all the books of the Bible. The most obvious conclusion is that the Devotio Moderna provided an initial exposure to the ideas that Erasmus apparently reinforced and elaborated as he grew more involved in biblical and patristic studies.
Literature, Imperialism and Imagined Geographies: Reassessing Henri Fauconnier's Malaisie and Andre Malraux's La Voie Royale
Authors: Ravi Srilata
Published: March 2012

Cultural perceptions of exotic nations do not depend solely on transparence of representation or immediacy of experience, they are also based on complex processes that involve interpretation and re-invention. The (con)fusion of the real and the imaginary that informs any form of writing about the Other stems not only from the existential experience of the one who perceives but also from the socio-historical factors that define his presence in the Other space. This article will be looking at how this complex relation that exists between literature, imperialism and imagined space is reflected in André Malraux's La Voie royale (1930) and Henri Fauconnier's Malaisie (1930).
The Beautiful Outsider Replaces the Queen: A “Compound Topos” in Esther 1-2 and Books 5 and 6 of Chariton’s Chaereas and Callirhoe
Authors: Moyer Clinton J.
Published: March 2012

This article identifies an extended, highly complex literary device, here termed a “compound topos”, evident in both Esther and the Greek novel Chaereas and Callirhoe, in which a surpassingly beautiful female outsider arrives at the Persian court and comes to prominence as the romantic rival of the Persian queen. From a theoretical standpoint, the device itself consists of a series of thematic components (topoi) whose meticuIous collocation and arrangement in each text produces a combined effect that surpasses the mere sum of the constituent parts (hence “compound topos”). Seen in this way, the device exhibits both the operational principles of the type-scene and the scope and complexity of a compositional artifice, thus bridging the oral and the written realms.Here, the specific compound topos in question is examined by way of an articulation of the various major elements of which it is constituted, and of the literary force achieved by each text’s distinctive combination of these elements. Rounding out this study is a discussion of the socio-historical significance of the compound topos’s attestation in these two particular works, with special attention devoted to the import of this device as a discrete indicator of the relationship between Esther and the Hellenistic literary sphere.
The Levites in Exile: A Response to L. S. Tiemeyer
Authors: Leuchter Mark
Published: March 2012

Some scholars have contested the presence of Levites among the communities that endured exile to Mesopotamia during the 6th century BCE. The present study examines a number of post-exilic texts that presuppose the existence of Levites in the Eastern Diaspora, attesting to the likelihood that during the Neo-Babylonian period, many Levites were indeed taken captive along with other Judahites, even as other Levite groups remained in the homeland. This led to a diversity of sacral and social purviews within/between the different Jewish communities of the Persian period and their respective religious representatives.
Prophecy Continued: Reflections on Innerbiblical Exegesis in the Book of Ezekiel
Authors: Klein Anja
Published: March 2012

The argument starts from the observation that the Book of Ezekiel is characterised by a remarkable knowledge of prophetic tradition. This phenomenon has long been explained by the prophet’s personal acquaintance with the words of his predecessors. However, the main aim of the following article is to show that the various allusions and thematic linkages have to be understood as examples of innerbiblical exegesis.For the purpose of discussion, three examples from different literary layers of the book are chosen that serve in illustrating the underlying basic principle, namely Ezek 37:1-14, Ezek 34 and Ezek 36:23bβ-38. In the course of the textual observations, it shall further be demonstrated that form and technique of innerbiblical exegesis undergo a development within the literary growth of the book. While the oldest texts draw on existing motifs and metaphors, the literary references increase over the following literary layers. Finally, in the youngest texts, literary references to different texts within and beyond the book are assembled and systematised. This development bears witness to changes in the understanding of scripture that was increasingly perceived as authoritative.
The Great Wall of Tell en-Nasbeh (Mizpah), The First Fortifications in Judah, and 1 Kings 15:16-22
Authors: Finkelstein Israel
Published: March 2012

Abstract

The article proposes that the Great Wall at Tell en-Nasbeh was built by King Jehoash in the second half of the 9th century BCE. It then sets this city-wall on the broader background of the construction—at the same time—of the first system of fortifications in Judah, a system that also includes Lachish and Beth-shemesh in the west and Beer-sheba and Arad in the south. Finally, the article suggests a scenario that attempts to clarify the tradition in 1 Kings 15:16-22.
Textualizing Divination: The Writing on the Wall in Daniel 5:25
Authors: Broida Marian
Published: March 2012

Abstract

The inscription in Dan 5:25 shares features with Mesopotamian divination as well as with later pesharim and rabbinic haggadic exegesis. In the inscription and its interpretation, the authors of Dan 5 applied mantic techniques to a sacred text—in this case, the writing on the wall “sent by God”—for the first time in the Bible. The story portrays not only Daniel, but Daniel’s God, as prevailing over competitors through the appropriation and mastery of Mesopotamian techniques of mantic writing. Dan 5 appears to bridge an important divide between pre-exilic and post-exilic modes of divination in the biblical text, enlarging the “genre” of biblical intermediary texts to include the interpretation of sacred writing.
A case of diglossia in the book of Jonah?
Authors: Muraoka Takamitsu
Published: March 2012

Abstract

The alteration between -בְּשֶׁל and -בַּאֲשֶׁר ל in the dialogue between Jonah and the sailors is possibly indicative of a diglossia in that the former is typical of the vernacular and the latter of standard, classical idiom of Hebrew.
NOUVELLES INFORMATIONS SUR LES COPEPODES CALANOIDES ET CYCLOPOIDES DES EAUX CONTINENTALES TUNISIENNES
Authors: Turki  , Abed A. El
Published: March 2012

During the period 1992-1996, eighteen species of Copepoda Cyclopoida and Calanoida have been recorded in Tunisian continental water samples from 56 localities. Six species were noticed for the first time in Tunisia, three of which are new records for northern Africa. Two species represent Ethiopian elements (Paradiaptomus greeni (Gurney, 1906) and Thermocyclops tchadensis Dussart & Gras, 1966) and there is one oriental species (Apocyclops royi (Lindberg, 1940)) while Eucyclops serrulatus (Fischer, 1851) and Megacyclops gigas (Claus, 1857) are cosmopolitan, and Halicyclops neglectus Kiefer, 1935 is rather palaearctic. The majority of cyclopoid and calanoid copepods has been taken in "oueds" (both temporary and permanent waters). In Tunisian continental waters, about ten species were found in each climatic area, though there are some species particular to humid and sub-humid areas (Copidodiaptomus numidicus (Gurney, 1909) and Arctodiaptomus wierzejskii (Richard, 1888)) in northern Tunisia. Calanipeda aquaedulcis (Kritschagin, 1873) and Metacyclops minutus (Claus, 1863) occur especially in semi-arid areas. M. minutus (Claus, 1863) and Metadiaptomus chevreuxi (De Guerne & Richard, 1889) were found in the arid areas, particularly in central Tunisia. Durant la periode 1992-1996, 18 especes de copepodes (Cyclopo des et Calano des) ont ete recoltees dans les eaux continentales tunisiennes. Cet inventaire fait etat de six especes qui sont nouvelles pour la Tunisie: Paradiaptomus greeni (Gurney, 1906), Thermocyclops tchadensis Dussart & Gras, 1966, Apocyclops royi Lindberg, 1940, Halicyclops neglectus Kiefer, 1935, Eucyclops serrulatus (Fischer, 1851) et Megacyclops gigas (Claus, 1857). Parmi ces especes, les trois premieres sont nouvelles pour l'Afrique du Nord. Les especes P. greeni et T. tchadensis sont deux elements ethiopiens, A. royi est une espece jusqu'alors seulement connue d'Asie (Inde, Chine). H. neglectus est une espece palearctique alors que M. gigas et E. serrulatus sont cosmopolites. Dans les eaux continentales tunisiennes, l'etude de la repartition des Copepodes Cyclopo des et Calano des en fonction des zones climatiques precedemment etablies conduisent aux resultats suivants: Copidodiaptomus numidicus (Gurney, 1909) et Arctodiaptomus wierzejskii (Richard, 1888) sont caracteristiques de la region humide a sub-humide, Calanipeda aquaedulcis (Kritschagin, 1873) et Metacyclops minutus (Claus, 1863) sont les elements principaux de la region semi-aride. M. minutus ainsi que Metadiaptomus chevreuxi (De Guerne & Richard, 1889) sont des especes plutot caracteristiques des regions arides du centre de la Tunisie.
THE FRESHWATER CLADOCERA (ORDERS CTENOPODA AND ANOMOPODA) OF MEXICO, WITH COMMENTS ON SELECTED TAXA
Authors: Silva-Briano  , Elias-Gutierrez  , Ciros-Perez  , Suarez-Morales
Published: March 2012

Knowledge of the composition and distribution of the freshwater Cladocera in Mexico is still limited. All the available literature was reviewed and added to our own new records in different states of Mexico to present here a revised and updated list of the 110 species of the orders Ctenopoda and Anomopoda recorded for the country, with separate state records. Ecological, biogeographical, and taxonomic comments are made for selected taxa of the commonest neotropical groups: Sididae, Daphniidae, Bosminidae, Macrothricidae, and Chydoridae. La connaissance de la composition et de la repartition des Cladoceres d'eau douce du Mexique est encore tres limitee. Toute la litterature disponible a ete consultee et jointe a nos propres donnees sur plusieurs etats du Mexique. Dans le present article, une liste actualisee des especes repertoriees dans le pays et classees par etat est etablie. Cette liste comprend 110 especes de Cladoceres appartenant aux ordres Ctenopoda et Anomopoda. S'y ajoutent des commentaires ecologiques, biogeographiques et taxonomiques sur certains taxons neotropicaux parmi les groupes les plus communs: Sididae, Daphniidae, Bosminidae, Macrothricidae et Chydoridae.
Productive Forces and the Economic Logic of the Feudal Mode of Production
Authors: Wickham Chris
Published: March 2012

This article returns to the debate about the relative importance of the productive forces and the relations of production in the feudal mode of production. It argues, using western medieval evidence, that this relation is an empirical one and varies between modes, maybe also inside modes; and that, in the specific case of feudalism, not only were the relations of production the driving force, but developments in the productive forces actually depended upon them.
Postmodern Contributions to Marxian Economics: Theoretical Innovations and their Implications for Class Politics
Authors: Kristjanson-Gural David
Published: March 2012

In this paper I seek to establish that a widely held criticism of postmodern Marxism – that it is morally relativist and does not offer a basis for a systematic analysis of capitalism – is not warranted. I provide a systematic review of the postmodern Marxist literature in three distinct areas – value theory, class analysis of the household and state, and class justice – and I draw on these contributions to show that postmodern Marxism offers new insights into problems of concern to Marxian theorists. I argue, further, that it provides the normative grounds for a class politics that is open to new alliances and new strategies for engaging in class struggle.
Déesses Et Reines D'Élam
Authors: Amiet Pierre
Published: March 2012

The article deals with reinterpretation of the cylinder seal edited by E. Porada in 1962. The author proposes another division of the composition depicted on the seal and understands it as a meeting of two goddesses which probably symbolized a union of two ethnical elements composing Elamite political entity. The presence of an eagle and a man in the composition seems to be of marginal importance. The author also attracts attention to a terracotta plaque from Susa and an impression of a cylinder seal (AO 30.000) with images of feminine figures which apparently represent Elamite queens of the first half of the 2nd millennium B.C.
Refined Beauty, New Woman, Dynamic Heroine or Fighter for the Nation? Perceptions of China in the Programme Selection for Mei Lanfang's Performances in Japan (1919), the United States (1930) and the Soviet Union (1935)
Authors: Yeh Catherine
Published: March 2012

One of the seminal cultural transformations in twentieth-century China was the rise of the female impersonator, the dan actor, to national stardom, with Mei Lanfang (1894–1961) as the most famous example (see Figure I). In the short span of 20 years, this figure, once strongly associated with being the 'male flower' and the 'call-boy' of elite men, became the representative and high point of Chinese cultural achievements. The three visits Mei Lanfang made to Japan in 1919, the United States in 1930 and the Soviet Union in 1935 helped establish the image of cultural China through the art of the female impersonator.
"Ambivalent Conversions" in Nayarit: Shifting Views of Idolatry
Authors: Warner Rick
Published: March 2012

The Jesuit and Franciscan mission periods in New Spain's western province of Nayarit claimed numerous converts to Christianity, principally Cora Indians. Despite the efforts of missionaries and presidial soldiers, the indigenous residents of this rugged mountainous region persisted in clandestine non-Christian religious rituals. The extirpation of this "idolatry" was uneven, and the Coras emerged from the nineteenth century with a uniquely forged ceremonial tradition that fuses Catholic and indigenous practice and belief.
The Parental Duty to Teach Children Torah
Authors: Gilat Israel Zvi
Published: March 2012

Abstract

The paternal obligation to teach sons Torah has developed from the halahkic approach of the Talmud period through the halakhic approach of medieval ages scholars (especially Maimonides), to the modern halakhic approach of the Israeli Rabbinical Courts. This development reflects the transformation of the Teaching-Torah concept from a strict paternal religious commandment toward sons to a comprehensive parental-cultural responsibility to young children.
The Dialogue of the Savior as a Witness to the Late Valentinian Tradition
Authors: Létourneau Pierre
Published: March 2012

The Dialogue of the Savior is an intriguing document amalgamating sayings of the Lord, cosmological fragments and other materials from different origins. A close analysis of its major ideas shows a Valentinian origin, as M. Krause once suspected. Addressing first the issue of finding valid criteria for the identification of Valentinian documents, the article then seeks to establish the Valentinian character of the Dialogue of the Savior by comparing it to patristic and Nag Hammadi sources. Some discrepancies between this version of Valentinianism and the patristic accounts are best explained as doctrinal accommodations toward the emerging orthodoxy.
Didymus the Blind: Commentary on Psalm 24 (23 LXX): Introduction, Translation and Commentary
Authors: Geljon Albert-Kees
Published: March 2012

This article offers a translation of and some comments on the commentary on Ps 24 (23 LXX) by Didymus the Blind. Didymus regards the Psalm as indicating the moral progress of the soul towards perfection. He interprets the second half of the Psalm as a reference to Christ’s dwelling on earth and his ascension. In his exegsis Didymus relies heavily on predecessors, like Clement of Alexandria and Origen.
The Influence of the Old Testament On the Charismatic Theology of St. Luke
Authors: Stronstad Roger
Published: March 2012

The Old Testament influences Luke's theology of the Holy Spirit in at least two ways. First, several Old Testament charismatic motifs-such as the transfer and sign motifs-are reflected in Luke-Acts. Second, the Septuagint, which is the Greek Bible used by Luke and the early Church, gives Luke much of his terminology for describing the activity of the Holy Spirit in New Testament times. Therefore, the study of the charismatic activity of the Spirit of God in Old Testament times is a necessary preliminary to a proper understanding of the Holy Spirit in Luke-Acts. For the purpose of demonstrating the influence of the Old Testament on Luke's theology of the Holy Spirit, I will not investigate the Old Testament use of "spirit", for in both the Hebrew and Greek Bibles it ranges in meaning from breath, wind, and attitude or emotion to Spirit of God. Rather, I will focus my investigation upon the charismatic activity of the Spirit of God. By "charismatic" I mean God's gift of his Spirit to either an individual or to a group to equip them for divine service. This gift of the Spirit of God has both experiential and functional dimensions.
Age and growth properties of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) living in Kan Stream, upper Çoruh River, Turkey
Authors: Yildirim Ayhan , Arslan Murat
Published: March 2012

Age and growth were analyzed for brown trout from the Stream Kan, upper Çoruh River, from January 2001 to December 2001. Age varied between 0-7 years and the ratio of male to female was 1:1.05. Fork length and total weight for brown trout varied by 6.9-22.1 cm and 4.9-158.5 g for males, by 6.8-26.1 cm and 4.3-211.9 g for females, respectively. Fork length and total weight at the same age classes were not statistically significant between males and females. The highest specific growth rate occurred between age 1 and age 2 for both sexes. The von Bertalanffy equations were used to determine growth in length for both sexes and overall population separately. The growth parameters for males, females and overall population were estimated as L∞ = 32.5 cm, K = 0.169, t0 = −0.978, L∞ = 36.7 cm, K = 0.139, t0 = −1.065 and L∞ = 35.9 cm, K = 0.147, t0 = −1.002, respectively. Overall growth performance (ø) suggested that difference between the growth of brown trout from Kan stream and those from some other populations was found not statistically significant.
Ontogeny of the intermandibular and hyoid musculature in the suckermouth armoured catfish Ancistrus cf. triradiatus (Loricariidae, Siluriformes)
Authors: Geerinckx Tom , Adriaens Dominique
Published: March 2012

Loricariidae or suckermouth armoured catfishes are the most speciose catfish family, displaying morphological specializations toward the attachment onto substrates with their sucker mouth, and the scraping of algae and other food items off these substrates. The intermandibular and hyoid musculature differs from the general siluriform situation. This detailed study on several developmental stages of a loricariid representative aims to provide insight in the ontogenetic origin of these muscles, as well as on their morphology and homology. Serial sections and 3D-reconstructions are used to visualize the early muscle configurations. The intermandibularis anterior muscle develops two parts, inserting on the lower jaw but also on the lower lip tissue. A similar differentiation into a dentary and a labial part occurs in the intermandibularis posterior (usually erroneously referred to as protractor hyoidei in loricariids). The protractor hyoidei has a compound nature in teleosts, but in loricariids no interhyoideus portion fuses to the posterior intermandibularis portion. Several arguments, including the absence of a myocomma and a double innervation, indicate the absence of an interhyoideus portion. A double innervation has been found in the hyohyoideus inferior. The posteriormost muscles in the hyoid region are relatively small during early ontogeny: the sternohyoideus halves fuse relatively late; the hyohyoidei adductores develop latest of all ventral head muscles. A remarkable shift in orientation characterizes the hyohyoideus abductor.
Illegal I Fishing and Fisheries Law Enforcement in Small Island Developing States: The Pacific Islands Experience
Authors: Aqorau Transform
Published: March 2012

The Pacific islands provide a good case study of how small island states have responded to the challenges of enforcing their fisheries laws and regulations. The Pacific islands, all of which are geographically small and are in their early stages of economic development, viewed the LOS Convention and the exclusive economic zone regime established as providing the opportunity for generating economic wealth. The area of ocean space under the Pacific islands' jurisdiction was inordinately disproportionate to the resources available to them to assert effectively their sovereign rights. The article examines how they have responded to the challenge. The article discusses the co-operative approach adopted by the Pacific islands and the innovative arrangements developed to control better the fishing activities of fishing states. The article concludes that, while considerable progress has been made, there is scope to improve on current arrangements to make them more effective.
The Continental Shelf of Antarctica: Implications of the Requirement to Make a Submission to the CLCS under Article 76 of the LOS Convention
Authors: Elferink Alex G. Oude
Published: March 2012

This article looks at the question of how the obligation of states parties to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea to submit information on the outer limit of their continental shelf to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf and the regime established by the Antarctic Treaty can be reconciled. Under the latter Treaty states have 'agreed to disagree' about the legal status of Antarctica. The establishment of an outer limit of the continental shelf on the basis of the recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf would pose a threat to this agreement to disagree as it would recognise the existence of coastal states and maritime zones. The article sets out the options of the states involved to deal with this issue. It is concluded that there are a number of approaches which safeguard the rights of coastal states under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the agreement to disagree of the Antarctic Treaty.
Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management, Commercial Fisheries, Marine Mammals and the 2001 Reykjavik Declaration in the Context of International Law
Authors: Molenaar Erik Jaap
Published: March 2012

The current global crisis in marine capture fisheries contrasts sharply with the recovery of some stocks of marine mammals. Eventually this will have to lead to a re-evaluation of the preferential treatment that marine mammals now often enjoy. The widening support for ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) and the growing insight in the interactions between marine mammals and commercial fisheries are expected to influence this evaluation. This article examines the role of marine mammals in the ecosystem with special emphasis on predation on commercial fisheries. Ample attention is devoted to the definition of EBFM, its legal status and issues of implementation. The 2001 Reykjavik Declaration on Responsible Fisheries in the Marine Ecosystem is used for illustration. One of the conclusions is that sufficient scientific research is required to substantiate positive effects that pre-emptive catches of marine mammals would have for (recovering) commercial fisheries. The regulatory objectives and international legal constraints relevant to marine mammals are moreover addressed to determine if the exploitation of marine mammals could be obligatory or "necessary".
Aboriginal I Claims to Seas in Australia
Authors: Prescott Victor , Davis Stephen
Published: March 2012

In 1992 the famous judgment in the Mabo (No.2 case), in the High Court of Australia, determined that the common law of Australia recognised and protected native title claims in accordance with traditional laws and customs. Within six years nearly 800 claims had been lodged with the Native Title Tribunal and 70 per cent of them were in Queensland and Western Australia. Nearly one-third of those claims included areas of sea. Before 1992 scholars had demonstrated that clan estates included marine sections along tropical coasts. Only two claims to seas or sea-bed have been tested in the courts. This paper reviews five questions that will recur in future similar cases. They deal with the location of claims, their possible extent, the evidence that will justify them, the delimitation of successful claims and accommodations regarding the use of claimed seas between indigenous and other peoples.
2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage
Authors: Dromgoole Sarah
Published: March 2012

The UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, adopted in November 2001, is designed to create a legal framework to regulate interference with underwater cultural heritage (UCH) in international waters. This article briefly considers the background to the Convention and discusses its main provisions. These relate to the scope of application of the Convention; its objectives and general principles; its approach to private rights; its treatment of state vessels and the question of sovereign immunity; and its relationship with the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982. The article then goes on to examine in detail the control mechanisms that the Convention adopts in respect of each maritime zone and the sanctions that contracting states will be required to impose for violations. Finally, dispute settlement procedures are briefly considered, before the article concludes with comments on the Convention's likely impact and effectiveness.
Does Undisputed Title to a Maritime Zone Always Exclude its Delimitation: The Grey Area Issue
Authors: Oude Elferink Alex G.
Published: March 2012

A grey area is an area lying within 200 miles from the coast of one state, but beyond a maritime boundary with another state. One state is excluded from exercising jurisdiction in this area because it lies beyond the maritime boundary, and the other state is excluded from exercising 200-mile-zone jurisdiction because the grey area on its side of the boundary lies beyond 200 miles from its coast. The possibility of creating a grey area stems from the fact that there is a discrepancy between entitlement to the EEZ and the principles applicable to its delimitation. Entitlement to this zone is solely based on distance from the coast, but its delimitation between states can be effected on the basis of principles other than distance from the coast. This results in a line which reaches the outer limit of the EEZ at a point which is non-equidistant from the coasts of the states concerned. If such a line is applied to limit the maritime zones of both states involved, a grey area is created. Apart from an EEZ delimitation, a grey area can also result from a territorial sea delimitation. A number of bilateral treaties have established a grey area. This raises the question whether such delimitations are only the result of practical considerations or a political compromise, or whether it is also possible to create a grey area in the legal determination of a boundary. This article seeks to answer this question looking at state practice and the case law.
Consent Forms in Genomics: The Difference between Law and Practice
Authors: Gowans Heather , Kanellopoulou Nadja , Hawkins Naomi , Curren Liam , Melham Karen , Kaye Jane , Boddington Paula
Published: March 2012

Consent forms are the principal method for obtaining informed consent from biomedical research participants. The significance of these forms is increasing as more secondary research is undertaken on existing research samples and information, and samples are deposited in biobanks accessible to many researchers. We reviewed a selection of consent forms used in European Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and identified four common elements that were found in every consent form. Our analysis showed that only two of the four most commonly found elements in our sample of informed consent forms were required in UK law. This raises questions about what should be put in informed consent forms for research participants. These findings could be beneficial for the formulation of participant information and consent documentation in the future studies.
A French Hospital Sentenced for Unreasonable Obstinacy
Authors: Jardé O. , Gignon M. , Manaouil C.
Published: March 2012

On 2 June 2009, the Nîmes administrative court condemned the Hospital of Orange (France) for unreasonable obstinacy after neonatal resuscitation. On 14 December 2002, an apparently stillborn child was resuscitated after approximately 30 minutes of foetal distress. Cardiac activity was recovered, but the child has since suffered from severe disabilities. The court did not find any fault committed by the hospital regarding maternal care. However, the hospital was sentenced to compensate for the injuries caused by unreasonable obstinacy. According to the court, the medical team should have taken into account the harmful neurological consequences of prolonged foetal distress. The court did not condemn the act of resuscitation itself, but its excessive length. This court ruling serves as a basis for reflection regarding the limits by which unreasonable obstinacy should be set.
Giving Substance to Form: Moving towards an Integrated Governance Model of Transboundary Environmental Impact Assessment
Authors: Langshaw Alexander
Published: March 2012

This article addresses the distinction drawn by the International Court of Justice in its judgment in the Pulp Mills case between procedural and substantive obligations in relation to transboundary environmental impact assessment (TEIA). Challenging the presumption that procedural obligations are fundamentally linked with the broader substantive goals of TEIA, this paper contends that this will only be the case where a focus on a strong role for public participation can serve to mitigate the information asymmetries endemic to TEIA processes. Longer-term reform strategies, incorporating a threefold focus upon procedural obligations, substantive standards and effective enforcement processes, are also explored.
Corporate Accountability and Indigenous Peoples: Prospects and Limitations of the US Alien Tort Claims Act
Authors: Gilbert Jérémie
Published: March 2012

Indigenous peoples are often the victims of human rights violations at the hands of multinational corporations (MNCs). Since there are few avenues to ensure accountability for such violations, the US Alien Tort Claim Act (ATCA) has become one of the principal vehicles to ensure such liability. With varying degrees of success, ATCA has proven to be an attractive statute for ensuring accountability of MNCs. In recent years several cases have been lodged by indigenous peoples, including pioneering cases against corporations such as Texaco, Shell, Chevron and Rio Tinto. This article aims at analysing the prospects but also the limitations of such a national tort act to provide remedies for human rights violations to indigenous communities. In doing so the article provides a practical analysis on the strengths and weaknesses of using ATCA as a tool for human rights litigation against MNCs.
The Urbanised Generation Unhinged: Port Harcourt Igbos and Christiani1y in iFeanyichukwu Ndubuisi Chikezie Aniebo's the Jo Urney Within
Authors: Hale Frederick A
Published: March 2012

This is a discussion of Aniebo's differentiated portrayal in The journey within of urbanised characters in the southern Nigerian city of Port Harcourt who have come under the influence of Christianity but have reacted in varying ways to the promise and challenge of this new religion. A close reading of Aniebo's work warns against simplistic explanations of Igbo religious change and simplistic generalisations about the spiritual state of city-dzuelling Igbos in a rapidly urbanising society where to a great extent by the 1940s traditional beliefs and practices had lost their grasp on young adults but by no means completely disappeared from their minds. The novel demonstrates the predicament of Igbos caught in a Westernising world, coping with divided spiritual loyalties, ethical dilemmas made more perplexing by the conflicting demands of modernising society whose values often diverged from those of male-dominated Igbo villages, and participation in an economy which on the surface appears to offer opportunity but keeps them in a state of squalor.
Some Perspectives On Pauls Economic Vision Amidst Globalisation
Authors: Punt Jeremy
Published: March 2012

In the post-Cold War and post-apartheid era in South Africa, global and local interest has arguably shifted from politics to economics. With an awareness of the current and formidable influence of globalisation on people's lives, Paul's letters should be reread with a view to identifying and formulating what emerges as his economic vision. This essay is a brief and preliminary investigation into how Pauline sentiments on economic matters could be brought into play with late twentieth-century globalisation.