bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE STATUS OF THE SPIRIT IN AL-MUSTAMLĪ AL-BUḪĀRĪ’S ŠARḤ AL-TA‘ARRUF: CASE STUDY OF THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF ḤANAFITE SUFISM, SUNNĪ KALĀM AND AVICENNISM IN THE FIFTH / ELEVENTH CENTURY TRANSOXIANA
Authors: Maghsoudlou Salimeh
Published: August 2018

La première partie de cet article est consacrée à la présentation d'al-Mustamlī al-Buḫārī et du commentaire volumineux qu'il a rédigé sur al-Ta‘rruf li-maḏhab altaṣawwuf d'al-Kalābāḏī. Al-Mustamlī et al-Kalābāḏī avaient, tous les deux, un grand penchant pour les discussions de kalām et al-Mustamlī s'est étendu sur nombre de questions théologiques dans son commentaire, le Šarḥ al-Ta‘arruf. Au vu de la présence de sujets propres au kalām dans le livre d'al-Mustamlī, cet article abordera la question de l'appartenance de ce dernier aux écoles de la théologie sunnite et montrera que malgré sa proximité géographique avec Abū Manṣūr al-Māturīdī, al-Mustamlī était probablement affilié à l’école d'Abū l-Ḥasan al-Aš‘arī. La seconde partie de cet article portera sur le problème de la nature de l'esprit (rūḥ) dans le traitement qu'en offre al-Mustamlī. En abordant cette question, al-Mustamlī est allé au-delà des frontières de l'anthropologie physicaliste du kalām et son argument en faveur de l'existence de l'esprit offre des affinités avec la preuve avicennienne de l'existence de l’âme rationnelle, telle qu'elle se présente dans le fameux argument de l'homme volant. L'ouvrage d'al-Mustamlī constitue donc une source importante pour comprendre l'histoire intellectuelle en Transoxiane et les interactions entre les différents groupes de théoriciens – mutakallimūn, Sufis et falāsifa.
A NEW “EDITION” OF ḤUNAYN'S RISĀLA
Authors: Gutas Dimitri
Published: August 2018

One of the most important medieval documents in the history of medicine and scholarship, and of culture in general, is doubtless the bibliographical treatise (“epistle”, Risāla) by Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq (808-873) addressed to his patron and patron of the arts, the gentleman courtier ‘Alī b. Yaḥyā b. al-Munaǧǧim (d. 275 / 888-889), listing the translations of Galen into Syriac and Arabic. Its transmission and publication history, though, is extremely complicated.
Limits in categories of Vietoris coalgebras
Authors: HOFMANN DIRK , NEVES RENATO , NORA PEDRO
Published: August 2018

Motivated by the need to reason about hybrid systems, we study limits in categories of coalgebras whose underlying functor is a Vietoris polynomial one – intuitively, the topological analogue of a Kripke polynomial functor. Among other results, we prove that every Vietoris polynomial functor admits a final coalgebra if it respects certain conditions concerning separation axioms and compactness. When the functor is restricted to some of the categories induced by these conditions, the resulting categories of coalgebras are even complete.

As a practical application, we use these developments in the specification and analysis of non-deterministic hybrid systems, in particular to obtain suitable notions of stability and behaviour.
Adolescents’ diet quality in relation to their relatives’ and peers’ diet engagement and encouragement: the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study
Authors: Vanhelst Jérémy , Béghin Laurent , Drumez Elodie , Duhamel Alain , De Henauw Stefaan , Ruiz Jonatan R , Kafatos Anthony , Manios Yannis , Widhalm Kurt , Mauro Béatrice , Sjöström Michael , Kersting Mathilde , Gottrand Frédéric
Published: August 2018

Objective

To examine the associations between adolescents’ diet quality and their perceived relatives’ and peers’ diet engagement and encouragement.

Design

Cross-sectional study performed in European countries. Diet quality was scored using the Diet Quality Index for Adolescents (DQI-A) based on four components: quality, diversity, balance and meal frequency. Perceived diet quality engagement and perceived encouragement of the relatives/peers were assessed using the questions ‘How healthy is each of the following persons’ diet?’ and ‘How often does each of the following persons encourage you to eat a healthy diet?’

Setting

Vienna, Ghent, Lille, Athens, Heraklion, Pecs, Rome, Dortmund, Zaragoza and Stockholm.

Subjects

Healthy adolescents (n2943).

Results

The perceived engagement level of the mother, father and sister was each positively associated with the DQI-A (P<0·05). A positive association was found for the perceived engagement level of siblings, father and mother with all specific components (P<0·05). DQI-A was negatively associated with the perceived encouragement level from a best friend and positively associated with the encouragement level of the mother and father (P<0·05). Diversity, balance and quality components were positively associated with the perceived encouragement level from the mother and father (P<0·05), whereas the best friend’s perceived encouragement was negatively associated with the meal frequency component (P<0·01).

Conclusions

These findings highlight the role of social engagement and encouragement of relatives and peers in adolescents’ diet quality. Intervention or promotion programmes aimed at enhancing diet quality in adolescents should target both family and peers.
A Trajectory Calculus for Qualitative Spatial Reasoning Using Answer Set Programming
Authors: BARYANNIS GEORGE , TACHMAZIDIS ILIAS , BATSAKIS SOTIRIS , ANTONIOU GRIGORIS , ALVIANO MARIO , SELLIS TIMOS , TSAI PEI-WEI
Published: August 2018

Spatial information is often expressed using qualitative terms such as natural language expressions instead of coordinates; reasoning over such terms has several practical applications, such as bus routes planning. Representing and reasoning on trajectories is a specific case of qualitative spatial reasoning that focuses on moving objects and their paths. In this work, we propose two versions of a trajectory calculus based on the allowed properties over trajectories, where trajectories are defined as a sequence of non-overlapping regions of a partitioned map. More specifically, if a given trajectory is allowed to start and finish at the same region, 6 base relations are defined (TC-6). If a given trajectory should have different start and finish regions but cycles are allowed within, 10 base relations are defined (TC-10). Both versions of the calculus are implemented as ASP programs; we propose several different encodings, including a generalised program capable of encoding any qualitative calculus in ASP. All proposed encodings are experimentally evaluated using a real-world dataset. Experiment results show that the best performing implementation can scale up to an input of 250 trajectories for TC-6 and 150 trajectories for TC-10 for the problem of discovering a consistent configuration, a significant improvement compared to previous ASP implementations for similar qualitative spatial and temporal calculi.
Functional ASP with Intensional Sets: Application to Gelfond-Zhang Aggregates
Authors: CABALAR PEDRO , FANDINNO JORGE , FARIÑAS DEL CERRO LUIS , PEARCE DAVID
Published: August 2018

In this paper, we propose a variant of Answer Set Programming (ASP) with evaluable functions that extends their application to sets of objects, something that allows a fully logical treatment of aggregates. Formally, we start from the syntax of First Order Logic with equality and the semantics of Quantified Equilibrium Logic with evaluable functions (${\rm QEL}^=_{\cal F}$). Then, we proceed to incorporate a new kind of logical term,intensional set(a construct commonly used to denote the set of objects characterised by a given formula), and to extend${\rm QEL}^=_{\cal F}$semantics for this new type of expression. In our extended approach, intensional sets can be arbitrarily used as predicate or function arguments or even nested inside other intensional sets, just as regular first-order logical terms. As a result, aggregates can be naturally formed by the application of some evaluable function (count,sum,maximum, etc) to a set of objects expressed as an intensional set. This approach has several advantages. First, while other semantics for aggregates depend on some syntactic transformation (either via a reduct or a formula translation), the${\rm QEL}^=_{\cal F}$interpretation treats them as regular evaluable functions, providing a compositional semantics and avoiding any kind of syntactic restriction. Second, aggregates can be explicitly defined now within the logical language by the simple addition of formulas that fix their meaning in terms of multiple applications of some (commutative and associative) binary operation. For instance, we can use recursive rules to definesumin terms of integer addition. Last, but not least, we prove that the semantics we obtain for aggregates coincides with the one defined by Gelfond and Zhang for the${\cal A}\mathit{log}$language, when we restrict to that syntactic fragment.
Vieillesse et technologie : du laboratoire au monde réel
Authors: Sixsmith Andrew
Published: August 2018

﻿Vieillesse et technologie : du laboratoire au monde réel﻿

Récapitulation. AGE-WELL est un nouveau réseau de recherche canadien qui vise à aider les personnes âgées à garder leur autonomie, leur santé et leur participation sociale grâce à des technologies accesibles. Cet article présente les domaines clés de la recherche mais se concentre sur la façon dont ceci peut encourager l’innovation.
Technologie et soins : un plus pour l’avenir
Authors: Frick Karin
Published: August 2018

Récapitulation. Aucun autre pays industrialisé ne vieillit aussi rapidement que le Japon et ne renonce simultanément volontairement à l’immigration. Selon les prévisions, le Japon connaîtra en 2020 un déficit de 400.000 employés qualifiés dans le domaine des soins. Afin de combler ce vide, les Japonais misent fortement sur les robots qui, grâce à une motricité fine améliorée et à une intelligence émotionelle, seront également pleinement opérationnels pour les tâches de soins exigeantes. Il y a de cela un an, la femme robot ﻿Aiko Chihira﻿ a été présentée au Japon : grandeur nature, elle possède une apparence humaine et doit à l’avenir être utilisée comme robot de communication à l’accueil ou dans le domaine social.
Union libre ou mariage forcé?
Authors: Spring Stefan
Published: August 2018

Récapitulation. De nouvelles technologies sont mises au service de l’allégement et de la sécurité du quotidien. Mais quelque fois les choses se passent autrement que voulu. Laura Bertini a analysé l’achoppement d’un projet en Suisse italienne.
Lebensgemeinschaft oder Zwangsehe?
Authors: Spring Stefan
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung. Es werden neue Technologien angeboten, um den Alltag zu erleichtern und sicherer zu machen. Jedoch entwickeln sind die Dinge manchmal anders als beabsichtigt. Laura Bertini hat die Hindernisse im Zusammenhang mit einem Projekt in der italienischsprachigen Schweiz analysiert.
Frictional Properties of Subduction Input Sediments at an Erosive Convergent Continental Margin and Related Controls on Décollement Slip Modes: The Costa Rica Seismogenesis Project
Authors: Kurzawski Robert Marek , Niemeijer André Rik , Stipp Michael , Charpentier Delphine , Behrmann Jan Hinrich , Spiers Christopher James
Published: August 2018

The spectrum of slip modes occurring along shallow portions of the plate boundary décollement in subduction zones includes aseismic slip, slow slip, and seismogenic slip. The factors that control slip modes directly influence the hazard potential of subduction zones for generating large‐magnitude earthquakes and tsunamis. We conducted an experimental study of the frictional behavior of subduction input sediments, recovered from two Integrated Ocean Drilling Program expeditions to the erosive subduction margin offshore Costa Rica (Expeditions 334 and 344), employing rotary shear under hydrothermal conditions. The velocity dependence of friction was explored, using simulated gouges prepared from all major lithologies, covering a wide range of conditions representative for the initial stages of subduction. Temperature, effective normal stress, and pore fluid pressure were varied systematically up to 140 °C, 110 MPa, and 120 MPa, respectively. Sliding velocities up to 100μm/s, relevant for earthquake rupture nucleation and slow slip, were investigated. The only sediment type that produced frictional instabilities (i.e., laboratory earthquakes) was the calcareous ooze carried by the incoming Cocos Plate, which by virtue of its slip‐weakening behavior is also a likely candidate for triggering slow slip events. We evaluate this mechanism of producing unstable slip and consider alternatives. Therefore, locking and unlocking of plate boundary megathrusts are not only related to variations in pore fluid pressure but may also depend on the presence of pelagic carbonate‐rich lithologies. Subduction systems containing such input are likely low latitude, where extensive deposition of carbonates takes place above the carbonate compensation depth.
Permafrost Extent on the Alaskan Beaufort Shelf From Surface‐Towed Controlled‐Source Electromagnetic Surveys
Authors: Sherman D. , Constable S.C.
Published: August 2018

We have developed a surface‐towed electric dipole‐dipole system capable of operating in shallow water and deployable from small vessels. Our system uses electromagnetic energy from a modulated manmade source to interrogate the underlying resistivity structure of the seafloor. We used this system in the summers of 2014 and 2015 to map subsea ice‐bearing permafrost on the Beaufort shelf along 200 km of coastline, from Tigvariak Island to Harrison Bay. Permafrost is resistive and was found to be anisotropic, likely due to interbedded layers of frozen and unfrozen sediment. Maps of depth to permafrost and its thickness were produced from electrical resistivity inversions and results compared to borehole logs in the area. We observed elevated resistivity values offshore the Sagavanirktok River outflow, supporting the idea that fresh groundwater flow has a preserving effect on submerged permafrost. This system provides a cost effective method that could be used to further quantify permafrost extent, provide a baseline for measurements of future degradation, and provide observational constraints to aid in permafrost modeling studies.
Chromosomal instability-induced senescence potentiates cell non-autonomous tumourigenic effects
Authors: He Qianqian , Au Bijin , Kulkarni Madhura , Shen Yang , Lim Kah. J. , Maimaiti Jiamila , Wong Cheng. Kit. , Luijten Monique. N. H. , Chong Han C. , Lim Elaine H. , Rancati Giulia , Sinha Indrajit , Fu Zhiyan , Wang Xiaomeng , Connolly John. E. , Crasta Karen C.
Published: August 2018

Chromosomal instability (CIN), a high rate of chromosome loss or gain, is often associated with poor prognosis and drug resistance in cancers. Aneuploid, including near-polyploid, cells contain an abnormal number of chromosomes and exhibit CIN. The post-mitotic cell fates following generation of different degrees of chromosome mis-segregation and aneuploidy are unclear. Here we used aneuploidy inducers, nocodazole and reversine, to create different levels of aneuploidy. A higher extent of aneuploid and near-polyploid cells in a given population led to senescence. This was in contrast to cells with relatively lower levels of abnormal ploidy that continued to proliferate. Our findings revealed that senescence was accompanied by DNA damage and robust p53 activation. These senescent cells acquired the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Depletion of p53 reduced the number of senescent cells with concomitant increase in cells undergoing DNA replication. Characterisation of these SASP factors demonstrated that they conferred paracrine pro-tumourigenic effects such as invasion, migration and angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, a correlation between increased aneuploidy and senescence was observed at the invasive front in breast carcinomas. Our findings demonstrate functional non-equivalence of discernable aneuploidies on tumourigenesis and suggest a cell non-autonomous mechanism by which aneuploidy-induced senescent cells and SASP can affect the tumour microenvironment to promote tumour progression.
Directly Probing Light Absorption Enhancement of Single Hierarchical Structures with Engineered Surface Roughness
Authors: Wang Jingwei , Shi Run , Wang Weijun , Cai Nianduo , Chen Pengcheng , Kong Dejun , Amini Abbas , Cheng Chun
Published: August 2018

Hierarchical nanostructures are ideal architectures to harvest solar energy. The understanding of light absorption in single hierarchical structures is emergently important and greatly helpful in enhancing multiscale optical phenomena and light management. However, due to the geometrical complexity of hierarchical architectures, theoretical and experimental studies of light absorption have faced significant challenges. Here, we directly quantify light absorption in single hierarchical structures for the first time by utilizing VO2-based near field powermeter. It is found that light trapping is significantly enhanced in rough microwires when the roughness amplitude is comparable to the incident light wavelength. The roughness enhanced light absorption is verified as a general phenomenon on both VO2 and Si hierarchical structures. Therefore, our work not only provides a simple and quantitative method of measuring light absorption upon single geometrically complex structures in micro/nanoscale, but also contributes a general rule to rationally design of hierarchical structures for enhanced performance in photoelectric and photochemical applications.
The polymorphism rs35767 at IGF1 locus is associated with serum urate levels
Authors: Mannino Gaia C. , Fuoco Anastasia , Marini Maria A. , Spiga Rosangela , Di Fatta Concetta , Mancuso Elettra , Perticone Francesco , Andreozzi Francesco , Sesti Giorgio
Published: August 2018

Previous studies suggested that the IGF-1/IGF-1 receptor signaling pathway may contribute to regulate uric acid levels. To confirm this hypothesis, we assessed the effects of the IGF-1-raising genetic variant rs35767 on urate levels in serum and urine, and we investigated IGF-1 ability to modulate the expression of transporters involved in reabsorption and secretion of uric acid in the kidney. The study population included 2794 adult Whites. 24-hour urinary uric acid concentration was available for 229 subjects. rs35767 polymorphism was screened using TaqMan genotyping assays. HEK293 (human embryonic kidney-293) cell line was treated with IGF-1 (1, 5, 10, 50 nM) for 24-hours, and differences in the expression of urate transporters were evaluated via Western Blot and real time rtPCR. Individuals carrying the IGF-1-raising allele (rs35767 T) exhibited significantly lower levels of serum urate according to both additive and recessive models, after correction for gender, age, BMI, glucose tolerance, glomerular filtration rate, and anti-hypertensive treatment. TT genotype carriers displayed higher uricosuria than C allele carriers did, after adjusting for confounders. Exposure of HEK293 cells to IGF-1 resulted in a dose-dependent increase of uric acid transporters deputed to uric acid excretion (MRP4, NPT1 and BCRP), and reduction of GLUT9 expression, the major mediator of uric acid reabsorption, both at mRNA and protein level. We observed a significant association between the functional polymorphism rs35767 near IGF1 with serum urate concentrations and we provide a mechanistic explanation supporting a causal role for IGF-1 in the regulation of uric acid homeostasis.
Cloning, characterization and functional analysis of an Alveoline-like protein in the shell of Pinctada fucata
Authors: Kong Jingjing , Liu Chuang , Wang Tianpeng , Yang Dong , Yan Yi , Chen Yan , Liu Yangjia , Huang Jingliang , Zheng Guilan , Xie Liping , Zhang Rongqing
Published: August 2018

Shell matrix proteins (SMPs) have important functions in biomineralization. In the past decades, the roles of SMPs were gradually revealed. In 2015, our group identified 72 unique SMPs in Pinctada fucata, among which Alveoline-like (Alv) protein was reported to have homologous genes in Pinctada maxima and Pinctada margaritifera. In this study, the full-length cDNA sequence of Alv and the functional analysis of Alv protein during shell formation were explored. The deduced protein (Alv), which has a molecular mass of 24.9 kDa and an isoelectric point of 11.34, was characterized, and the functional analyses was explored in vivo and in vitro. The Alv gene has high expression in mantle and could response to notching damage. The functional inhibition of Alv protein in vivo by injecting recombinant Alv (rAlv) antibodies destroyed prism structure but accelerated nacre growth. Western blot and immunofluorescence staining showed that native Alv exists in the EDTA-insoluble matrix of both prismatic and nacreous layers and has different distribution patterns in the inner or outer prismatic layer. Taken together, the characterization and functional analyses of matrix protein Alv could expand our understanding of basic matrix proteins and their functions during shell formation.
Cytosolic nucleic acid sensors of the innate immune system promote liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy
Authors: Schulze Sarah , Stöß Christian , Lu Miao , Wang Baocai , Laschinger Melanie , Steiger Katja , Altmayr Felicitas , Friess Helmut , Hartmann Daniel , Holzmann Bernhard , Hüser Norbert
Published: August 2018

Stimulation of cytosolic nucleic acid sensors of innate immunity by pathogen-derived nucleic acids is important for antimicrobial defence, but stimulation through self-derived nucleic acids may contribute to autoinflammation and cancer. DNA sensing in the cytosol requires the stimulator of interferon genes (STING), while cytosolic RNA sensors use mitochondrial antiviral-signalling protein (MAVS). In a murine model of two-thirds hepatectomy, combined deficiency of MAVS and STING resulted in strongly impaired hepatocyte proliferation and delayed recovery of liver mass. Whereas lack of MAVS and STING did not influence upregulation of the G1-phase cyclins D1 and E1, it substantially reduced the hyperphosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein, attenuated the activation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-2, delayed upregulation of CDK1 and cyclins A2 and B1, and impaired S-phase entry of hepatocytes. Mechanistically, lack of cytosolic nucleic acid sensors strongly upregulated the anti-proliferative mediators TGF-β2 and activin A, which was associated with an increased expression of the cell cycle inhibitors p15 and p21. Partial hepatectomy was followed by the release of exosomes with abundant nucleic acid cargo, which may provide ligands for the MAVS and STING pathways. Together, these findings identify a previously unrecognised function of cytosolic nucleic acid sensors of innate immunity for promoting liver regeneration.
Predicting postoperative facial swelling following impacted mandibular third molars extraction by using artificial neural networks evaluation
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Jun , Li Zu-Bing , Li Zhi
Published: August 2018

Patients’ postoperative facial swelling following third molars extraction may have both biological impacts and social impacts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of artificial neural networks in the prediction of the postoperative facial swelling following the impacted mandibular third molars extraction. The improved conjugate grads BP algorithm combining with adaptive BP algorithm and conjugate gradient BP algorithm together was used. In this neural networks model, the functional projective relationship was established among patient’s personal factors, anatomy factors of third molars and factors of surgical procedure to facial swelling following impacted mandibular third molars extraction. This neural networks model was trained and tested based on the data from 400 patients, in which 300 patients were made as the training samples, and another100 patients were assigned as the test samples. The improved conjugate grads BP algorithm was able to not only avoid the problem of local minimum effectively, but also improve the networks training speed greatly. 5-fold cross-validation was used to get a better sense of the predictive accuracy of the neural network and early stopping was used to improve generalization. The accuracy of this model was 98.00% for the prediction of facial swelling following impacted mandibular third molars extraction. This artificial intelligence model is approved as an accurate method for prediction of the facial swelling following impacted mandibular third molars extraction.
Investigation of the anti-TB potential of selected propolis constituents using a molecular docking approach
Authors: Ali Mohammad Tuhin , Blicharska Natalia , Shilpi Jamil A. , Seidel Veronique
Published: August 2018

Human tuberculosis (TB), caused byMycobacterium tuberculosis, is the leading bacterial killer disease worldwide and new anti-TB drugs are urgently needed. Natural remedies have long played an important role in medicine and continue to provide some inspiring templates for drug design. Propolis, a substance naturally-produced by bees upon collection of plant resins, is used in folk medicine for its beneficial anti-TB activity. In this study, we used a molecular docking approach to investigate the interactions between selected propolis constituents and four ‘druggable’ proteins involved in vital physiological functions inM.tuberculosis, namelyMtPanK,MtDprE1,MtPknB andMtKasA. The docking score for ligands towards each protein was calculated to estimate the binding free energy, with the best docking score (lowest energy value) indicating the highest predicted ligand/protein affinity. Specific interactions were also explored to understand the nature of intermolecular bonds between the most active ligands and the protein binding site residues. The lignan (+)-sesamin displayed the best docking score towardsMtDprE1 (−10.7 kcal/mol) while the prenylated flavonoid isonymphaeol D docked strongly withMtKasA (−9.7 kcal/mol). Both compounds showed docking scores superior to the control inhibitors and represent potentially interesting scaffolds for furtherin vitrobiological evaluation and anti-TB drug design.
The Facile Modification of Polyacrylate Emulsion via Hexadecane to Enhance Controlled-release Profiles of Coated Urea
Authors: Shen Yazhen , Du Changwen , Zhou Jianmin , Ma Fei
Published: August 2018

Development of controlled-release urea (CRU) has attracted research attention because of food scarcity problems and environmental concerns. To slow down the nutrient release of CRU coated with waterborne polyacrylate, conventional emulsion polymerization (CEP), conventional emulsion polymerization containing hexadecane (CEP + HD), and miniemulsion polymerization (MP) were carried out to discern the influence of polymerization technique and hexadecane on the properties of emulsions, films, and on the resultant nutrient release profiles of controlled-release urea. The addition of hexadecane improved water resistance, decreased the glass-transition temperature, and slowed down the nutrient release. CEP + HD was superior to MP in retarding nutrient release since the majority of HD was distributed in the exteriors of the particles of the former and interiors of the particles of the latter. Exterior HD improved water resistance more effectively, while interior HD reduced glass-transition temperature more significantly. Overall, our findings showed that incorporation of HD into polyacrylate emulsion produces excellent coatings that delay the release of urea. It has great potential application in controlled-release fertilizers coated with waterborne polymers.
Anti-tumor efficacy of Selinexor (KPT-330) in gastric cancer is dependent on nuclear accumulation of p53 tumor suppressor
Authors: Subhash Vinod Vijay , Yeo Mei Shi , Wang Lingzhi , Tan Shi Hui , Wong Foong Ying , Thuya Win Lwin , Tan Woei Loon , Peethala Praveen C. , Soe Mu Yar , Tan David S. P. , Padmanabhan Nisha , Baloglu Erkan , Shacham Sharon , Tan Patrick , Koeffler H. Phillip , Yong Wei Peng
Published: August 2018

Exportin-1 (XPO1) controls the nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking of several key growth regulatory and tumor suppressor proteins. Nuclear export blockade through XPO1 inhibition is a target for therapeutic inhibition in many cancers. Studies have suggested XPO1 upregulation as an indicator of poor prognosis in gastric cancer. In the current study, we investigated the anti-tumor efficacy of selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINE) compounds KPT-185, KTP-276 and clinical stage selinexor (KPT-330) in gastric cancer. XPO1 was found to be overexpressed in gastric cancer as compared to adjacent normal tissues and was correlated with poor survival outcomes. Among the 3 SINE compounds, in vitro targeting of XPO1 with selinexor resulted in greatest potency with significant anti-proliferative effects at nano molar concentrations. XPO1 inhibition by selinexor resulted in nuclear accumulation of p53, causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Also, inhibition of XPO1 lead to the cytoplasmic retention of p21 and suppression of survivin. Orally administered selienxor caused significant inhibition of tumor growth in xenograft models of gastric cancer. Furthermore, combination of selinexor with irinotecan exhibited greater anti-tumor effect compared to individual treatment. Taken together, our study underscores the therapeutic utility of XPO1 targeting in gastric cancer and suggests the potential benefits of XPO1 inhibition in-combination with chemotherapy.
Isolation and differential transcriptome of vascular smooth muscle cells and mid-capillary pericytes from the rat brain
Authors: Chasseigneaux Stéphanie , Moraca Yasmine , Cochois-Guégan Véronique , Boulay Anne-Cécile , Gilbert Alice , Le Crom Stéphane , Blugeon Corinne , Firmo Cyril , Cisternino Salvatore , Laplanche Jean-Louis , Curis Emmanuel , Declèves Xavier , Saubaméa Bruno
Published: August 2018

Brain mural cells form a heterogeneous family which significantly contributes to the maintenance of the blood-brain barrier and regulation of the cerebral blood flow. Current procedures to isolate them cannot specifically separate their distinct subtypes, in particular vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and mid-capillary pericytes (mcPCs), which differ among others by their expression of smooth muscle actin (SMA). We herein describe an innovative method allowing SMA+ VSMCs and SMA− mcPCs to be freshly isolated from the rat cerebral cortex. Using differential RNA-Seq analysis, we then reveal the specific gene expression profile of each subtype. Our results refine the current description of the role of VSMCs in parenchymal cortical arterioles at the molecular level and provide a unique platform to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying the specific functions of mcPCs in the brain vasculature.
Hematoxylin and eosin staining of intact tissues via delipidation and ultrasound
Authors: Li Yawu , Li Ning , Yu Xiang , Huang Kai , Zheng Ting , Cheng Xiaofeng , Zeng Shaoqun , Liu Xiuli
Published: August 2018

Acquiring information on the precise distribution of a tumor is essential to evaluate intratumoral heterogeneity. Conventional hematoxylin and eosin staining, which has been used by pathologists for more than 100 years, is the gold standard of tumor diagnosis. However, it is difficult to stain entire tumor tissues with hematoxylin and eosin and then acquire the three-dimensional distribution of cells in solid tumors due to difficulties in the staining and rinsing. In this paper, we propose a modified hematoxylin and eosin staining method, in which delipidation and ultrasound waves were applied to enhance tissue permeability and accelerate dye diffusion. This improved hematoxylin and eosin staining method is termed iHE (intact tissue hematoxylin and eosin staining). We applied the iHE method to stain intact organs of mice, which were then sectioned and imaged sequentially. The results showed that the whole tissue was stained homogeneously. Combined with micro-optical sectioning tomography (MOST), the iHE method can be used for 3D volume imaging and to evaluate the intratumoral heterogeneity of the entire tumor tissue spatially. Therefore, this method may help to accurately diagnose the invasion stage of tumors and guide clinical treatments.
Hematopoietic reconstitution of neonatal immunocompetent mice to study conditions with a perinatal window of susceptibility
Authors: Laky Karen , Dugan Philip , Frischmeyer-Guerrerio Pamela A.
Published: August 2018

Efficient hematopoietic reconstitution of wild type mice requires preconditioning. Established experimental protocols exist to transplant hematopoietic stem cells into lethally irradiated or chemically myeloablated adult mice or unirradiated immunodeficient mice. We sought to develop a protocol to reconstitute immuno-replete neonatal mice. We describe irradiation and injection procedures for two-day old mice that lead to efficient long-term reconstitution of primary and secondary lymphoid organs. We demonstrate that the frequencies of lymphoid and myeloid cells in primary and secondary lymphoid organs are indistinguishable from unirradiated uninjected sex- and age-matched control animals by 5 weeks post-reconstitution. Thus, this system will facilitate studies aimed at understanding the developmental and environmental mechanisms that contribute to conditions that have a window of susceptibility during the perinatal period.
Retrograde Transport by Clathrin-Coated Vesicles is Involved in Intracellular Transport of PrPSc in Persistently Prion-Infected Cells
Authors: Yamasaki Takeshi , Suzuki Akio , Hasebe Rie , Horiuchi Motohiro
Published: August 2018

Intracellular dynamics of an abnormal isoform of prion protein (PrPSc) are tightly associated with prion propagation. However, the machineries involved in the intracellular trafficking of PrPSc are not fully understood. Our previous study suggested that PrPSc in persistently prion-infected cells dynamically circulates between endocytic-recycling compartments (ERCs) and peripheral regions of the cells. To investigate these machineries, we focused on retrograde transport from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network, which is one of the pathways involved in recycling of molecules. PrPSc was co-localized with components of clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) as well as those of the retromer complex, which are known as machineries for retrograde transport. Fractionation of intracellular compartments by density gradient centrifugation showed the presence of PrPSc and the components of CCVs in the same fractions. Furthermore, PrPSc was detected in CCVs isolated from intracellular compartments of prion-infected cells. Knockdown of clathrin interactor 1, which is one of the clathrin adaptor proteins involved in retrograde transport, did not change the amount of PrPSc, but it altered the distribution of PrPSc from ERCs to peripheral regions, including late endosomes/lysosomes. These data demonstrated that some PrPSc is transported from endosomes to ERCs by CCVs, which might be involved in the recycling of PrPSc.
An essential role for the nuclear protein Akirin2 in mouse limb interdigital tissue regression
Authors: Bosch Peter J. , Fuller Leah C. , Weiner Joshua A.
Published: August 2018

The regulation of interdigital tissue regression requires the interplay of multiple spatiotemporally-controlled morphogen gradients to ensure proper limb formation and release of individual digits. Disruption to this process can lead to a number of limb abnormalities, including syndactyly. Akirins are highly conserved nuclear proteins that are known to interact with chromatin remodelling machinery at gene enhancers. In mammals, the analogue Akirin2 is essential for embryonic development and critical for a wide variety of roles in immune function, meiosis, myogenesis and brain development. Here we report a critical role for Akirin2 in the regulation of interdigital tissue regression in the mouse limb. Knockout of Akirin2 in limb epithelium leads to a loss of interdigital cell death and an increase in cell proliferation, resulting in retention of the interdigital web and soft-tissue syndactyly. This is associated with perdurance of Fgf8 expression in the ectoderm overlying the interdigital space. Our study supports a mechanism whereby Akirin2 is required for the downregulation of Fgf8 from the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) during limb development, and implies its requirement in signalling between interdigital mesenchymal cells and the AER.
Effect of MBOAT7 variant on hepatitis B and C infections in Moroccan patients
Authors: Ezzikouri Sayeh , Elfihry Raouia , Chihab Hajar , Elmessaoudi-Idrissi Mohcine , Zaidane Imane , Jadid Fatima Zahra , Karami Adnane , Tahiri Mohamed , Elhabazi Abdellah , Kabine Mostafa , Chair Mohammed , Pineau Pascal , Benjelloun Soumaya
Published: August 2018

The outcomes of HBV and HCV infections are associated both with viral and host genetic factors. Here, we explore the role of a genetic variation located in membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain-containing protein 7 (MBOAT7) gene on spontaneous clearance of HBV and HCV infections and on liver fibrosis. We genotyped MBOAT7 rs641738 polymorphism in 971 consecutive Moroccan subjects, including 288 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), 98 cases with spontaneous clearance of HCV, 268 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 126 spontaneously cleared HBV infections and 191 healthy controls. MBOAT7 rs641738 variant is not associated with spontaneous clearance of HBV (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.39–1.14; p = 0.131) and HCV infections (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 0.79–2.23; p = 0.278). Furthermore, multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for biologically relevant covariates and potential confounders associated with the risk of liver disease progression revealed that MBOAT7 rs641738 is not associated either with fibrosis progression in CHC group (OR = 1.12; 95% CI: 0.55–2.28; p = 0.761) or with chronic progressive state in CHB patients (OR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.41–1.61; p = 0.547). We conclude that the variant MBOAT7 rs641738 genotype is not associated with spontaneous clearance of HBV and HCV infections or with the progression of liver disease in chronic hepatitis B or C in a genetic context of Mediterranean patients.
Investigating the role of landscape composition on honey bee colony winter mortality: A long-term analysis
Authors: Kuchling Sabrina , Kopacka Ian , Kalcher-Sommersguter Elfriede , Schwarz Michael , Crailsheim Karl , Brodschneider Robert
Published: August 2018

The health of honey bee colonies is, amongst others, affected by the amount, quality and diversity of available melliferous plants. Since landscape is highly diverse throughout Austria regarding the availability of nutritional resources, we used data from annual surveys on honey bee colony losses ranging over six years to analyse a possible relationship with land use. The data set comprises reports from a total of 6,655 beekeepers and 129,428 wintered honey bee colonies. Regions surrounding the beekeeping operations were assigned to one of six clusters according to their composition of land use categories by use of a hierarchical cluster analysis, allowing a rough distinction between urban regions, regions predominated by semi-natural areas and pastures, and mainly agricultural environments. We ran a Generalised Linear Mixed Model and found winter colony mortality significantly affected by operation size, year, and cluster membership, but also by the interaction of year and cluster membership. Honey bee colonies in regions composed predominantly of semi-natural areas, coniferous forests and pastures had the lowest loss probability in four out of six years, and loss probabilities within these regions were significantly lower in five out of six years compared to those within regions composed predominantly of artificial surfaces, broad-leaved and coniferous forest.
Evolutionary history of plant hosts and fungal symbionts predicts the strength of mycorrhizal mutualism
Authors: Hoeksema Jason D. , Bever James D. , Chakraborty Sounak , Chaudhary V. Bala , Gardes Monique , Gehring Catherine A. , Hart Miranda M. , Housworth Elizabeth Ann , Kaonongbua Wittaya , Klironomos John N. , Lajeunesse Marc J. , Meadow James , Milligan Brook G. , Piculell Bridget J. , Pringle Anne , Rúa Megan A. , Umbanhowar James , Viechtbauer Wolfgang , Wang Yen-Wen , Wilson Gail W. T. , Zee Peter C.
Published: August 2018

Most plants engage in symbioses with mycorrhizal fungi in soils and net consequences for plants vary widely from mutualism to parasitism. However, we lack a synthetic understanding of the evolutionary and ecological forces driving such variation for this or any other nutritional symbiosis. We used meta-analysis across 646 combinations of plants and fungi to show that evolutionary history explains substantially more variation in plant responses to mycorrhizal fungi than the ecological factors included in this study, such as nutrient fertilization and additional microbes. Evolutionary history also has a different influence on outcomes of ectomycorrhizal versus arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses; the former are best explained by the multiple evolutionary origins of ectomycorrhizal lifestyle in plants, while the latter are best explained by recent diversification in plants; both are also explained by evolution of specificity between plants and fungi. These results provide the foundation for a synthetic framework to predict the outcomes of nutritional mutualisms.
Thioxanthone Photoinitiators with Heterocyclic Extended Chromophores
Authors: Karaca Nurcan , Ocal Nuket , Arsu Nergis , Jockusch Steffen
Published: August 2018

The high molar absorptivity of thioxanthone in the near-UV spectral region makes this chromophore attractive as a photoinitiator for free-radical polymerization. Recent advances in blue LEDs have made these low-cost, highly energy-efficient light sources available for use in photo-curing tools, which generates demand for blue-light-absorbing photoinitiators. In this chapter we review recent progress to shift the absorbance of thioxanthone into the visible spectral region using heterocyclic extension with thiophene, benzothiophene, indole, triazole and others. First, the photophysical properties of these blue-light-absorbing chromophores are discussed followed by examining their photoreactivity. Finally, the efficacies of these heterocyclic extended thioxanthones as photoinitiators for free-radical polymerization of acrylates are evaluated. The polymerization efficacies are compared to photoinitiation with the popular camphorquinone/amine system. The improved performance of these new thioxanthone derivatives compared to camphorquinone is mostly caused by the orders of magnitude higher molar absorptivity of the heterocyclic extended thioxanthones.
Photoinitiators for Blue to Red LED Exposures
Authors: Xiao Pu , Zhang Jing
Published: August 2018

Several novel photoinitiators applicable to various photopolymerisation reactions (e.g. free-radical photopolymerisation and cationic photopolymerisation) under visible light delivered from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been developed in the last 5 years. Based on the specific chemical structures of these photoinitiators, reactive species such as free radicals or cations can be generated through their exposure to blue, green, yellow, or red LEDs and induce photopolymerisation reactions. Specifically, naphthalimide derivatives or metal-based complexes (e.g. ruthenium-, iridium-, copper-, iron-, and zinc-based complexes) have emerged as efficient blue-light-sensitive photoinitiators, while some compounds with large π-conjugated structures demonstrate excellent photoinitiating ability of polymerisation under green to red LEDs. This chapter summarizes the recently emerging LED-sensitive photoinitiators, which demonstrate great potential for application in the fabrication of polymer-based materials under mild conditions.
The impact of grafted surface defects on the on-surface Schiff-base chemistry at the solid–liquid interface
Authors: Bilbao Nerea , Yu Yanxia , Verstraete Lander , Lin Jianbin , Lei Shengbin , De Feyter Steven
Published: August 2018

We investigate the effect of covalently modified graphitic surfaces on the formation of single-layer covalent organic frameworks (sCOFs) at the solid–liquid interface.
Diversity-oriented synthesis of chromenopyrrolidines from azomethine ylides and 2-hydroxybenzylidene indandiones via base-controlled regiodivergent (3+2) cycloaddition
Authors: Yu Jhen-Kuei , Chien Han-Wei , Lin Yi-Jung , Karanam Praneeth , Chen Yu-Heng , Lin Wenwei
Published: August 2018

An organobase-controlled, regiodivergent (3+2) cycloaddition resulting in two different cascade reactions is demonstrated from azomethine ylides and 2-hydroxybenzylidineindandiones to achieve diverse chromanopyrrolidines.
Quantum anomalous Hall effect in metal-bis(dithiolene), magnetic properties, doping and interfacing graphene
Authors: Crasto de Lima F. , Ferreira Gerson J. , Miwa R. H.
Published: August 2018

Charge transfer between metal–organic Kagome lattices interfaced with graphene provides a tunable quantum anomalous Hall effect.
Li+-Induced fluorescent metallogel: a case of ESIPT-CHEF and ICT phenomenon
Authors: Dixit Manish Kumar , Dubey Mrigendra
Published: August 2018

A fluorescent metallogel has been synthesized from non-fluorescent ingredients viz. the smallest possible LMW aromatic symmetrical gelator 1 and LiOH, whereas KOH produces a non-fluorescent solution, and regioisomer 2 with LiOH shows an ICT assisted fluorescent precipitate rather than a metallogel.
Identification of a flattened Pd–Ce oxide cluster as a highly efficient catalyst for low-temperature CO oxidation
Authors: Xia Yang , Ye Jingrui , Cheng Dang-guo , Chen Fengqiu , Zhan Xiaoli
Published: August 2018

An improved deposition method was employed to prepare a Pd/CeO2 catalyst, which exhibited highly efficient activity in low-temperature CO oxidation (LTO).
Rational design of Co embedded N,S-codoped carbon nanoplates as anode materials for high performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Shuang Wei , Kong Lingjun , Zhong Ming , Wang Danhong , Liu Jian , Bu Xian-He
Published: August 2018

Nanoplates with uniform Co embedded N,S-codoped carbon structures are fabricated which exhibit excellent performances as LIB anode materials.
Preparation and reactivity of half-sandwich organic azide complexes of osmium
Authors: Albertin Gabriele , Antoniutti Stefano , Castro Jesús , Ganz Verena , Sibilla Francesca
Published: August 2018

The preparation of half-sandwich azide complexes of osmium is described. Their reactions affording either imine [Os(η5-C5H5){κ1-NHC(R2)Ar}(PPh3){P(OR1)3}]BPh4 or dinitrogen [{Os(η5-C5H5)(PPh3)[P(OR1)3]}2(μ-N2)](BPh4)2 derivatives are also reported.
Turning intercalators into groove binders: synthesis, photophysics and DNA binding properties of tetracationic mononuclear ruthenium(ii)-based chromophore–quencher complexes
Authors: Derrat Hanan S. , Robertson Craig C. , Meijer Anthony J. H. M. , Thomas Jim A.
Published: August 2018

Despite incorporating an extended planar polyaromatic ligand two newly synthesized RuII complexes are not DNA intercalators but groove binders.
A glucogalactomannan isolated fromAgaricus bisporusinduces apoptosis in macrophages through the JNK/Bim/caspase 3 pathway
Authors: Zhao Xiaotong , Fang Leilei , Liu Danting , Lai Changjiangsheng , Zhang Yanqing , Zhou Aimin , Xie Junbo
Published: August 2018

Agaricus bisporusis one of the most important edible and medicinal mushrooms in the world.
Homogeneous electrochemical aptasensor based on a dual amplification strategy for sensitive detection of profenofos residues
Authors: Jiao Yancui , Fu Jiayun , Hou Wenjie , Shi Zhaoqiang , Guo Yemin , Sun Xia , Yang Qingqing , Li Falan
Published: August 2018

A homogeneous type of electrochemical aptasensor was designed based upon the principle of target-induced and tool enzyme-assisted signal amplification, which was employed for the detection of profenofos residues.
Synthesis of thieno[2,3-c]acridine and furo[2,3-c]acridine derivatives via an iodocyclization reaction and their fluorescence properties and DFT mechanistic studies
Authors: Sonawane Amol D. , Garud Dinesh R. , Udagawa Taro , Kubota Yasuhiro , Koketsu Mamoru
Published: August 2018

In this paper, we report the novel synthesis of thieno[2,3-c]acridine and furo[2,3-c]acridine derivatives via intramolecular iodocyclization reaction. The thieno[2,3-c]acridine derivatives exhibited blue fluorescence in hexane.