bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporary Contractors & Full-Time Employees:
Authors: Hooke M.S.L.A., C.T.S. University of Maine Drew Thompson
Published: September 2021

Colleges and universities face an increased number of technology-reliant events and activities yet often do not have the in-house event services staff to meet the demand for technology support. Many institutions hire contractors temporarily to fill this gap, as opposed to hiring additional permanent staff. The issue with contracted labor is that such personnel are temporary, implying a perpetual state of newness. Contractors will not have the institutional knowledge of their permanent staff counterparts and will not be empowered to make the same decisions. Additionally, contractors will not have the same keys, access, or geographical knowledge of the campus. They will likely not be invested in the college community to the same degree as their permanently employed colleagues. Furthermore, institutions often cannot invest in temporary contractors in the ways they can with permanent full-time employees. Customer service, engagement, relationship building, and overall quality of service often suffer as a result.

Customer engagement is an integral part of any higher education institution. The interface between staff and clientele within information technology services and event support is crucial to a college campus's successful operation and is cited in academic sources as among the most critical drivers of clientele satisfaction and student/customer retention. This research project aims to explore a primary factor impacting customer service within higher education information technology as well as the positive and negative effects that full-time employees and temporary contractors can have on the higher education customer experience.
Experiencing Uncommon Faithfulness:
Authors: Stephen Nicholson, SJ
Published: September 2021

The challenges confronting the church in the 21st century, especially that of persistent systemic racism, call for a methodological shift in ecclesiology.  This paper explores the meaning and benefits of Natalia’s Imperatori-Lee’s narrative ecclesiology within the context of race in the United States Catholic Church.  By turning to the story of God’s people, especially the silenced and oppressed, ecclesiology is empowered to challenge false histories and overturn theologies which justify oppression.  Furthermore, the work of the Holy Spirit and the responses of the faithful are made evident in lives of “uncommon faithfulness,” such as those of Black Catholics in the US.  To be guided by narrative ecclesiology today, members of the church must engage in an embodied struggle for liberation and so hear the story of God’s people anew.
Cries from the Cross: Jesus and the Wrongfully Convicted
Authors: Trinka Luke
Published: September 2021

This paper endeavors to affirm the humanity, make known the pain, and lift up the prophetic witness of wrongfully convicted individuals. I bring forward their spiritual journeys and place them in dialectical relationship with Jesus Christ. When we understand Jesus’ death as utterly wrongful and position him in radical solidarity with the wrongly condemned, we see that when the State wrongfully incarcerates, cages, and executes, Jesus too is crucified.
From De-Humanization to the Flourishing Feast: A Study of Ecological Conversion by means of a Triple Colloquy with Pope Francis, Pope John Paul II, and Bernard Lonergan, S.J.
Authors: Krall, S.J. Christopher
Published: September 2021

This paper will first source Pope Francis’s notion of ecological conversion with Pope John Paul II’s writings that advocate for an awakening of humanity to a harmony with nature and one another.  Second, using Bernard Lonergan’s notion of conversion as the foundational structure of religion, this paper will establish ecological conversion as an authentic movement into living more consciously as a member of the body of Christ.  Finally, this paper will address how ecological conversion can reverse the destructive cycle of decline by drawing all of creation to the great heavenly feast.
Experimental research on disturbance resistant polarization modulation mode for quantum key distribution
Authors: Shen Qi-Qi , Zhang Yi , Wang Jin-Dong , Yu Ya-Fei , Wei Zheng-Jun , Zhang Zhi-Ming ,   Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Control Engineering and Materials, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
Published: September 2021

A free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) system based on mobile equipment can provide an effective method to construct a real-time full-coverage multi-node network. However, the existing free-space QKD systems based on mobile devices encounter the challenge regarding the lack of stability caused by equipment disturbance. The robustness of the QKD polarization encoder against mobile device disturbance will be significant. Owing to the inevitable disturbance in practical applications, even the polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) cannot maintain its polarization-maintaining characteristics well, which in turn affects the stability of some systems based on PMF. Therefore, in order to ensure that stable coding can be achieved under disturbances, we propose a two-way differential modulation mode, in which stable coding can still be achieved even under disturbances. At the same time, in order to verify the actual anti-disturbance characteristics of the mode, the polarization-modulated unit (PMU) with a two-way differential modulation mode is used in this study to generate four long-term stable polarization states subjected to the disturbances with a frequency of 200 Hz. At the same time, the PMU has a higher insertion loss, which makes the influence of crosstalk on the system more obvious. We also discuss two ways i.e. the time domain and frequency domain, to reduce the crosstalk which is caused by the imperfection of the device. The experiment is performed at a repetition frequency of 250 MHz, and a commercial avalanche single-photon detector is used to detect the system’s quantum bit error rate (QBER). Under the condition of no disturbance, the average QBER is 0.39% in 2 h. Then a vibration of approximately 200 Hz is used to simulate the practical disturbances, the average QBER is 0.36% in 2 h, and the fluctuation range of the QBER is only within 0.2%. We propose the first feasible encoding scheme in disturbed environments to ensure the long-term stability of the encoded polarization states, which is expected to be used in the multi-node expansion of the quantum network.
Theoretical analysis and experimental verification of scintillator luminescence nonlinearity based on carrier quenching model
Authors: Wei Kun , Hei Dong-Wei , Liu Jun , Xu Qing , Weng Xiu-Feng , Tan Xin-Jian ,   State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, China,   Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Published: September 2021

The scintillator detector is one of the most important detectors in the field of radiation detection and radiation physics. The characteristics and performance of scintillator that is a core part of the measurement system, are widely studied. Especially, the nonlinearity of scintillators under high excitation density has received more attention because of its direct influence on the measurement results. In this paper, physical modeling and experimental research on this problem are carried out in-depth.

First, the second-order quenching effect of excitons on the scintillator luminescence process is quantitatively analyzed based on the carrier dynamic equation. The luminescence attenuation curves of scintillator under different initial carrier concentrations generated by different excitation densities are obtained. The relationship of the light yield and the efficiency of scintillator with the initial carrier concentration is analyzed, and the results show that with the increase of the initial carrier concentration, the light yield tends to be saturated and the light efficiency decreases. Then CeF3 scintillator is studied in the Z-scan photoluminescence experiment. The relationship between the light yield and the excitation density is obtained, and the experimental data can be fitted by the carrier quenching model well, which verifies the physical model. At the same time, the energy density threshold corresponding to the 10% nonlinearity of CeF3 scintillator is obtained.The physical model established in this paper can be used to predict and explain the nonlinear luminescence of various scintillation materials according to different parameters of crystal materials, which is important to understand and solve the nonlinearity problem of scintillators under high excitation density in practical application of radiation detection.
Coherent theta activity in the medial and orbital frontal cortices encodes reward value
Authors: Amarante Linda M , Laubach Mark
Published: September 2021

This study examined how the medial frontal (MFC) and orbital frontal (OFC) cortices process reward information. We simultaneously recorded local field potentials in the two areas as rats consumed liquid sucrose rewards. Both areas exhibited a 4–8 Hz ‘theta’ rhythm that was phase-locked to the lick cycle. The rhythm tracked shifts in sucrose concentrations and fluid volumes, demonstrating that it is sensitive to differences in reward magnitude. The coupling between the rhythm and licking was stronger in MFC than OFC and varied with response vigor and absolute reward value in the MFC. Spectral analysis revealed zero-lag coherence between the cortical areas, and found evidence for a directionality of the rhythm, with MFC leading OFC. Our findings suggest that consummatory behavior generates simultaneous theta range activity in the MFC and OFC that encodes the value of consumed fluids, with the MFC having a top-down role in the control of consumption.
Little evidence that Eurasian jays protect their caches by responding to cues about a conspecific’s desire and visual perspective
Authors: Amodio Piero , Farrar Benjamin G , Krupenye Christopher , Ostojić Ljerka , Clayton Nicola S
Published: September 2021

Eurasian jays have been reported to protect their caches by responding to cues about either the visual perspective or current desire of an observing conspecific, similarly to other corvids. Here, we used established paradigms to test whether these birds can – like humans – integrate multiple cues about different mental states and perform an optimal response accordingly. Across five experiments, which also include replications of previous work, we found little evidence that our jays adjusted their caching behaviour in line with the visual perspective and current desire of another agent, neither by integrating these social cues nor by responding to only one type of cue independently. These results raise questions about the reliability of the previously reported effects and highlight several key issues affecting reliability in comparative cognition research.
Structural basis for membrane recruitment of ATG16L1 by WIPI2 in autophagy
Authors: Strong Lisa M , Chang Chunmei , Riley Julia F , Boecker C Alexander , Flower Thomas G , Buffalo Cosmo Z , Ren Xuefeng , Stavoe Andrea KH , Holzbaur Erika LF , Hurley James H
Published: September 2021

Autophagy is a cellular process that degrades cytoplasmic cargo by engulfing it in a double-membrane vesicle, known as the autophagosome, and delivering it to the lysosome. The ATG12–5–16L1 complex is responsible for conjugating members of the ubiquitin-like ATG8 protein family to phosphatidylethanolamine in the growing autophagosomal membrane, known as the phagophore. ATG12–5–16L1 is recruited to the phagophore by a subset of the phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate-binding seven-bladedß -propeller WIPI proteins. We determined the crystal structure of WIPI2d in complex with the WIPI2 interacting region (W2IR) of ATG16L1 comprising residues 207–230 at 1.85 Å resolution. The structure shows that the ATG16L1 W2IR adopts an alpha helical conformation and binds in an electropositive and hydrophobic groove between WIPI2 ß-propeller blades 2 and 3. Mutation of residues at the interface reduces or blocks the recruitment of ATG12–5–16 L1 and the conjugation of the ATG8 protein LC3B to synthetic membranes. Interface mutants show a decrease in starvation-induced autophagy. Comparisons across the four human WIPIs suggest that WIPI1 and 2 belong to a W2IR-binding subclass responsible for localizing ATG12–5–16 L1 and driving ATG8 lipidation, whilst WIPI3 and 4 belong to a second W34IR-binding subclass responsible for localizing ATG2, and so directing lipid supply to the nascent phagophore. The structure provides a framework for understanding the regulatory node connecting two central events in autophagy initiation, the action of the autophagic PI 3-kinase complex on the one hand and ATG8 lipidation on the other.
A Tad-like apparatus is required for contact-dependent prey killing in predatory social bacteria
Authors: Seef Sofiene , Herrou Julien , de Boissier Paul , My Laetitia , Brasseur Gael , Robert Donovan , Jain Rikesh , Mercier Romain , Cascales Eric , Habermann Bianca H , Mignot Tâm
Published: September 2021

Myxococcus xanthus, a soil bacterium, predates collectively using motility to invade prey colonies. Prey lysis is mostly thought to rely on secreted factors, cocktails of antibiotics and enzymes, and direct contact with Myxococcus cells. In this study, we show that on surfaces the coupling of A-motility and contact-dependent killing is the central predatory mechanism driving effective prey colony invasion and consumption. At the molecular level, contact-dependent killing involves a newly discovered type IV filament-like machinery (Kil) that both promotes motility arrest and prey cell plasmolysis. In this process, Kil proteins assemble at the predator-prey contact site, suggesting that they allow tight contact with prey cells for their intoxication. Kil-like systems form a new class of Tad-like machineries in predatory bacteria, suggesting a conserved function in predator-prey interactions. This study further reveals a novel cell-cell interaction function for bacterial pili-like assemblages.
Semi-supervised associative classification using ant colony optimization algorithm
Authors: Awan Hamid Hussain , Shahzad Waseem
Published: September 2021

Labeled data is the main ingredient for classification tasks. Labeled data is not always available and free. Semi-supervised learning solves the problem of labeling the unlabeled instances through heuristics. Self-training is one of the most widely-used comprehensible approaches for labeling data. Traditional self-training approaches tend to show low classification accuracy when the majority of the data is unlabeled. A novel approach named Self-Training using Associative Classification using Ant Colony Optimization (ST-AC-ACO) has been proposed in this article to label and classify the unlabeled data instances to improve self-training classification accuracy by exploiting the association among attribute values (terms) and between a set of terms and class labels of the labeled instances. Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) has been employed to construct associative classification rules based on labeled and pseudo-labeled instances. Experiments demonstrate the superiority of the proposed associative self-training approach to its competing traditional self-training approaches.
A new species of Proceratophrys Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Anura, Odontophrynidae) from Southern Amazonia, Brazil
Authors: Santana Diego J. , Silva Leandro Alves da , Sant’Anna Anathielle Caroline , Shepard Donald B. , Mângia Sarah
Published: September 2021

Based on concordant differences in morphology, male advertisement call, and 16S mtDNA barcode distance, we describe a new species of Proceratophrys from southern Amazonia, in the states of Mato Grosso and Pará, Brazil. The new species is most similar to P. concavitympanum and P. ararype but differs from these species by its proportionally larger eyes and features of the advertisement call. Additionally, genetic distance between the new species and its congeners is 3.0–10.4% based on a fragment of the 16S rRNA gene, which is greater than the threshold typically characterizing distinct species of anurans. Using an integrative approach (molecular, bioacoustics, and adult morphology), we were able to distinguish the new species from other congeneric species. The new species is known only from the type locality where it is threatened by illegal logging and gold mining as well as hydroelectric dams.
Estrogen receptor alpha regulates the expression of adipogenic genes genetically and epigenetically in rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Bitirim Ceylan V. , Ozer Zeynep B. , Akcali Kamil C.
Published: September 2021

Regulation of the efficacy of epigenetic modifiers is regarded as an important control mechanism in the determination and differentiation of stem cell fate. Studies are showing that the effect of estrogen is important in the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. Activation of certain transcription factors and epigenetic modifications in related genes play an active role in the initiation and completion of adipogenic differentiation. Understanding the role of estrogen in diseases such as obesity, which increases with the onset of menopause, will pave the way for more effective use of estrogen as a therapeutic option. Demonstration of the differentiation tendencies of MSCs change in the presence/absence of estrogen, especially the evaluation of reversible epigenetic changes, will provide valuable information for clinical applications. In this study, the effect of estrogen on the expression of genes involved in adipogenic differentiation of MSCs and accompanying epigenetic modifications was investigated. Our results showed that estrogen affects the expression of adipogenesis-related transcription factors such as PPARy, C/EBPα and Adipsin. In addition, after estrogen treatment, increased accumulation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and repressive epigenetic markers such as H3K27me2 and H3K27me3 were observed on the promoter of given transcription factors. By using co-immunoprecipitation experiments we were also able to show that ERα physically interacts with the zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) H3K27 methyltransferase in MSCs. We propose that the increase of H3K27me2 and H3K27me3 markers on adipogenic genes upon estrogen treatment may be mediated by the direct interaction of ERα and EZH2. Taken together, these findings suggest that estrogen has a role as an epigenetic switcher in the regulation of H3K27 methylation leading to suppression of adipogenic differentiation of MSC.
A Study on Generalized Balancing Numbers
Authors: Soykan Y¨uksel
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we investigate properties of the generalized balancing sequence and we deal with, in detail, namely, balancing, modified Lucas-balancing and Lucas-balancing sequences. We present Binet’s formulas, generating functions and Simson formulas for these sequences. We also present sum formulas of these sequences. We provide the proofs to indicate how the sum formulas, in general, were discovered. Of course, all the listed sum formulas may be proved by induction, but that method of proof gives no clue about their discovery. Moreover, we consider generalized balancing sequence at negative indices and construct the relationship between the sequence and itself at positive indices. This illustrates the recurrence property of the sequence at the negative index. Meanwhile, this connection holds for all integers. Furthermore, we give some identities and matrices related with these sequences.
Occurrence of Hemorrhoids and Anal Fissures through Pregnancy and Postpartum
Authors: (Esmat) Esmatullah , (Esmat) Baseera
Published: September 2021

Objective: To recognize occurrence also danger issues of hemorrhoids and fissures throughout pregnancy and afterwards childbirth.

Population: The overall 180 pregnant females trailed up till 1 month after delivery.

Methods: Females remained inspected 4 times via pregnancy and after delivery; those that developed perianal diseases were compared with those that did not. Main outcome measures Incidence, time and risk factors of hemorrhoids and fissures. Our current research was done in Nangarhar Reginal Hospital Gyn/ Obs ward from June -2020 to June -2021. 

Results: In total 90 (50%) female patients have developed perineal diseases (Hemorrhoid, Anal Fissure. The most vulnerable times were 3rd trimester about 60 (66.6%), Second trimester 20(22.2%) and in the first month after deliver 10(11.11%).

From these Patients Investigation shows that 65(72.2%) only suffering from hemorrhoid and 15(13.5%) has both hemorrhoid and anal fissure. 80 female undergone Vaginal delivery and 10 remind has undergone of caesarean section. Risk Factors for Perineal illness during pregnancy was Constipation, Straining throughout delivery for more than 20 mins and baby weight >3900gr.

Conclusions: Hemorrhoids and fissures remain mutual throughout last trimester of pregnancy and one month afterwards delivery, through constipation, individual past of hemorrhoids or fissures, birth weight of new >3900 g, straining throughout delivery for extra than 20 mins being self-sufficiently related risk factors.
Comparitive Study of Reamed vs Unreamed Interlocking Intra Medullary Nailing for Fracture Shaft of Tibia
Authors: Mathivanan N. , Satyanarayana S. V.
Published: September 2021

Tibia is the commonest bone to sustain open injury because of subcutaneous position. Treatment of open fractures requires simultaneous management of both skeletal and soft tissue injury. Intramedullary nailing with reaming is generally considered to be contraindicated for open fractures tibia, because it damages the endosteal blood supply which will lead to non-union, deep infection. However, recent studies with or without reaming in open fracture tibia shows no influence in healing of fracture. Purpose: To compare the clinical and radiological results of intramedullary interlocking nailing of open fractures of the tibial shaft after reaming versus unreamed medullary canal. The aim and objective is a comparative study on the technique, outcome and time taken for clinical and radiological union in either of the reamed or unreamed interlocking nailing in tibial shaft fractures. The operative technique, advantages and disadvantages, follow up, time taken for bony and radiological union and complications if any and overall functional outcome will be evaluated in patients. The follow up of patients will be done in the immediate post operative period and  subsequently  at periodic intervals both clinically and radiologically and the result so obtained will be compared.
VIRAL MARKETING MESSAGE, CONSUMERS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS VIRAL MARKETING, COMPETITIVENESS ABILITY, AND BUSINESS PERFORMANCE
Authors: Tandijaya Trixie Nova Bella , Hatane Samuel
Published: September 2021

Empowerment of technology and the use of digital media that are currently practiced through appropriate marketing strategies and tactics will be able to make businesses survive in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic. Viral marketing strategy is a low-cost effective marketing strategy for mass targeting. Powerful viral promotions can reach thousands of consumers, can inspire them to buy certain branded products, and create a competitive advantage for businesses. This study takes the Tanggulangin leather craft SMEs as one of the centers of the leather industry in Indonesia, with the research variables being viral marketing message strategies, consumer attitudes towards viral marketing, competitiveness ability, and business performance. The study was conducted on 235 respondents who met the requirements of the research provisions. Data analysis using SmartPLS 3. The results obtained are that viral marketing massage has a direct positive effect on consumer attitudes towards viral marketing, competitiveness, and business performance. Consumer attitudes towards viral marketing have a direct positive effect on competitiveness and business performance. In addition, consumer attitudes towards viral marketing partially mediate the relationship between viral marketing messages and competitiveness, and competitive ability partially mediates the relationship between consumer attitudes towards viral marketing and business performance.
THE INFLUENCE OF RESTAURANT ATTRIBUTES ON MUSLIM CONSUMERS TOWARDS SUBSCRIBING HALAL RESTAURANT IN COMPARISON STUDY: BOGOR AND KOTA KINABALU
Authors: Budiman Andika Nuraga , Suyana Hilma
Published: September 2021

Halal certification does not only mean not only the food served halal but also the entire process must be halal as well. Therefore, Halal certification is important in the aspect of Indonesian and Malaysian food industry especially in the Halal Restaurant. This study objective is to understand the influence of Restaurant’s attribute Restaurant and extrinsic on consumer’s attitude and subscribing of the Halal Restaurant from Malaysian and Indonesian consumers. In addition, this study expecting the result comparison between Bogor and Kota Kinabalu respondent. This study used 200 respondents in total; each city received half of the targeted number of respondents. This study used quantitative method to reach respondents; they are Muslims who wanted to consume Halal food and beverages. The result shows that, among Muslims, we found the different perception towards subscribing Halal Restaurant , we considered that Bogor respondents only give attention in Restaurant  service quality attributes when they are subscribing Halal Restaurant  Meanwhile, this study found that Kota Kinabalu respondents are very consider about quality, value, and risk. The point of this result is even they are same religion; they still have different perspective and perception.
Longitudinal assessment of quality assurance measurements in a 1.5T MR‐linac: Part I—Linear accelerator
Authors: Subashi Ergys , Lim Seng Boh , Gonzalez Xesus , Tyagi Neelam
Published: September 2021

Purpose

To describe and report longitudinal quality assurance (QA) measurements for the mechanical and dosimetric performance of an Elekta Unity MR‐linac during the first year of clinical use in our institution.

Materials and methods

The mechanical and dosimetric performance of the MR‐linac was evaluated with daily, weekly, monthly, and annual QA testing. The measurements monitor the size of the radiation isocenter, the MR‐to‐MV isocenter concordance, MLC and jaw position, the accuracy and reproducibility of step‐and‐shoot delivery, radiation output and beam profile constancy, and patient‐specific QA for the first 50 treatments in our institution. Results from end‐to‐end QA using anthropomorphic phantoms are also included as a reference for baseline comparisons. Measurements were performed in water or water‐equivalent plastic using ion chambers of various sizes, an ion chamber array, MR‐compatible 2D/3D diode array, portal imager, MRI, and radiochromic film.

Results

The diameter of the radiation isocenter and the distance between the MR/MV isocenters was (μ ± σ) 0.39 ± 0.01 mm and 0.89 ± 0.05 mm, respectively. Trend analysis shows both measurements to be well within the tolerance of 1.0 mm. MLC and jaw positional accuracy was within 1.0 mm while the dosimetric performance of step‐and‐shoot delivery was within 2.0%, irrespective of gantry angle. Radiation output and beam profile constancy were within 2.0% and 1.0%, respectively. End‐to‐end testing performed with ion‐chamber and radiochromic film showed excellent agreement with treatment plan. Patient‐specific QA using a 3D diode array identified gantry angles with low‐pass rates allowing for improvements in plan quality after necessary adjustments.

Conclusion

The MR‐linac operates within the guidelines of current recommendations for linear accelerator performance, stability, and safety. The analysis of the data supports the recently published guidance in establishing clinically acceptable tolerance levels for relative and absolute measurements.
Severe anaphylaxis caused by intravenous anti‐cancer drugs
Authors: Horita Nobuyuki , Miyagi Etsuko , Mizushima Taichi , Hagihara Maki , Hata Chiaki , Hattori Yuki , Hayashi Narihiko , Irie Kuniyasu , Ishikawa Hideyuki , Kawabata Yusuke , Kitani Yosuke , Kobayashi Noritoshi , Kobayashi Nobuaki , Kurita Yusuke , Miyake Yohei , Miyake Kentaro , Oguri Senri , Ota Ichiro , Shimizu Ayako , Takeuchi Masanobu , Yamada Akimitsu , Yamamoto Kojiro , Yukawa Norio , Masuda Munetaka , Oridate Nobuhiko , Ichikawa Yasushi , Kaneko Takeshi
Published: September 2021

Background

The incidence and risk factors of severe anaphylaxis by intravenous anti‐cancer drugs are unclear, whereas those of milder reactions have been reported.

Study Design

Electronic medical charts of cancer patients who have undergone intravenous chemotherapy between January 2013 and October 2020 in a university hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Non‐epithelial malignancies were also included in the analysis. "Severe anaphylaxis" was judged using Brown's criteria: typical presentation of anaphylaxis and one or more of hypoxia, shock, and neurologic compromise. (UMIN000042887).

Results

Among 5584 patients (2964 males [53.1%], 2620 females [46.9%], median age 66 years), 88,200 person‐day anti‐cancer drug administrations were performed intravenously, and 27 severe anaphylaxes were observed. The causative drugs included carboplatin (14 cases), paclitaxel (9 cases), and cisplatin, docetaxel, trastuzumab, and cetuximab (1 case each). The person‐based lifetime incidence of severe anaphylaxis for patients who received at least one intravenous chemotherapy was 0.48% (27/5584, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30%–0.67%) and the administration‐based incidence was 0.031% (27/88,200, 95% CI 0.019%–0.043%). Among 124 patients who received at least 10 carboplatin administrations, 10 patients experienced carboplatin‐induced severe anaphylaxis (10/124, 8.1%, 95% CI 3.0%–13.1%). Carboplatin caused severe anaphylaxis after at least 9‐min interval since the drip started. Thirteen out of 14 patients experienced carboplatin‐induced severe anaphylaxis within a 75‐day interval from the previous treatment. Paclitaxel infusion caused severe anaphylaxis after a median of 5 min after the first drip of the day at a life‐long incidence of 0.93% (9/968, 95% CI 0.27%–1.59%).

Conclusion

We elucidated the high‐risk settings of chemotherapy‐induced severe anaphylaxis.
Modular Design of Supramolecular Ionic Peptides with Cell‐Selective Membrane Activity
Authors: Yang Su , Chang Yan , Hazoor Shan , Brautigam Chad , Foss Frank W. , Pan Zui , Dong He
Published: September 2021

The rational design of materials with cell‐selective membrane activity is an effective strategy for the development of targeted molecular imaging and therapy. Here we report a new class of cationic multidomain peptides (MDPs) that can undergo enzyme‐mediated molecular transformation followed by supramolecular assembly to form nanofibers in which cationic clusters are presented on a rigid β‐sheet backbone. This structural transformation, which is induced by cells overexpressing the specific enzymes, led to a shift in the membrane perturbation potential of the MDPs, and consequently enhanced cell uptake and drug delivery efficacy. We envision the directed self‐assembly based on modularly designed MDPs as a highly promising approach to generate dynamic supramolecular nanomaterials with emerging membrane activity for a range of disease targeted molecular imaging and therapy applications.
Diastereomeric resolution of 3‐chloromandelic acid with threo‐(1S,2S)‐2‐amino‐l‐p‐nitrophenyl‐1,3‐propanediol
Authors: Wang Jie , Ao Qiong , Peng Yangfeng , Feng Cai
Published: September 2021

An optical resolution of 3‐chloromandelic acid (3‐ClMA) using threo‐(1S,2S)‐2‐amino‐l‐p‐nitrophenyl‐1,3‐propanediol ([S,S]‐SA) as a resolving agent was presented. The effects of the type of solvents, the amount of solvent, molar ratio of the resolving agent to racemate and filtration temperature on resolution were investigated. Under the optimal resolution conditions, the content of less soluble salt reached 98%, and the resolution efficiency was as high as 94%. The weak intermolecular interactions (such as hydrogen bond, halogen bond, CH/π and van der Waals interactions) and molecular packing mode in crystal structure of the less soluble salt (R)‐3‐ClMA(S,S)‐SA were investigated. A wall‐like 2‐D hydrogen‐bonding network and hydrophobic structure between hydrogen‐bonding walls were revealed. (S,S)‐SA was also used to resolve 2‐ClMA and 4‐ClMA respectively and the corresponding less soluble salts (R)‐2‐ClMA·(R,R)‐SA and (R)‐4‐ClMA·(R,R)‐SA were obtained using threo‐(1R,2R)‐2‐amino‐l‐p‐nitrophenyl‐1,3‐propanediol ((R,R)‐SA) as a resolving agent. In addition, two other resolving agents, (R)‐ɑ‐phenethylamine ((R)‐PEA) and (R)‐N‐benzyl phenethylamine ((R)‐BPA) reported in the literature for the resolution of 3‐ClMA were examined along with the newly proposed resolving agent, (S,S)‐SA. The crystal structures of the resulting less soluble salts (R)‐3‐ClMA·(S,S)‐SA, (R)‐3‐ClMA·(R)‐PEA and (R)‐3‐ClMA·(R)‐BPA were compared and examined.
Effect of internal bleaching on the reversal of coronal discoloration induced by triple‐antibiotic‐paste or Biodentine use in regenerative endodontic procedures
Authors: Jiménez‐Padilla Juan L. , Benavides‐Reyes Cristina , Viqueira‐Pérez Valentin E. , Martínez‐Verdú Francisco M. , Bolaños María V. , Gonzalez‐Lopez Santiago
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study is to measure color changes caused by two regenerative protocols over 3 months, and the effectiveness of internal bleaching. Twenty extracted human maxillary anterior teeth were used. The apex and canal were prepared to reproduce immature teeth. Teeth were divided: group 1: Triple‐antibiotic‐paste was applied for 3 weeks and then changed for blood until 3 months. Group 2: Blood was inoculated and sealed at cemento‐enamel junction level with Biodentine for 3 months. Both groups were subjected to three sessions of internal bleaching. Color assessments were taken at baseline and at 2 and 3 weeks, 2 and 3 months, and 1, 2, and 3 weeks from the beginning the bleaching phase. Statistical significance was considered at P = .05. Both techniques produce color changes above the acceptability limit at 2 weeks. Chromatic variation caused by Triple‐antibiotic‐paste was intense and progressive over time. Replacement of the Triple‐antibiotic‐paste with blood made the color change more intense and progressive, with significant statistical differences at 2 and 3 months (T4 > T3; P = .028). The internal bleaching technique was statistically more effective in the Triple‐antibiotic‐paste group at 1 week (P = .002). Both techniques cause unacceptable color changes, causing Triple‐antibiotic‐paste more staining than Biodentine. Two sessions of internal bleaching recovered clinically perceptible color in both regenerative endodontic procedures without returning the original color.
Novel approaches on bulk‐loading of large scale spatial datasets
Authors: Kalay Mustafa Utku
Published: September 2021

Index structures that are bulk‐loaded adaptively based on the query workload have been the subject of many database research, primarily in conventional databases holding one‐dimensional data. Similar problems are also valid for spatial databases, and novel approaches are needed in these systems. In this study, we first consider the adaptive indexing approaches in a broad sense and then specifically investigate some possible forms of adaptivity on bulk‐loading of large spatial datasets while retaining some core mechanics of well‐known spatial data structures. In our first design, we examined how the internal configuration of the R‐tree spatial index could be better for various workload properties, such as the workload's average aspect ratio. Our experiments observed that Adaptive Sort‐Tile‐Recursive (STR)‐tree performs better than the original STR‐tree. Our second design, the main contribution of this paper, focused on incremental indexing, another form of adaptivity. We concentrate on the data‐to‐insight latency and loaded spatial data faster within this multi‐stage process. We used the Partitioned B‐tree loaded with Morton codes of spatial objects to achieve this improvement by compromising spatial proximity. Finally, the response time of the first query in our design has been better than using the ordinary STR‐tree index by a factor of 34%.
Exploration of marine bacterioplankton community assembly mechanisms during chemical dispersant and surfactant‐assisted oil biodegradation
Authors: Nikolova Christina , Ijaz Umer Zeeshan , Gutierrez Tony
Published: September 2021

Assembly processes in marine microbial communities amended with crude oil and chemical dispersant are poorly understood and even more so when biosurfactants are used. We set up a microcosm experiment in which microbiome structure was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and six null models to better understand and quantify the mechanisms and patterns controlling the assembly of a marine crude oil degrading microbial community in the presence of chemical dispersant or rhamnolipid biosurfactant. Although each null model quantifies different aspects of the community assembly, there was a general agreement that neither purely stochastic nor purely deterministic processes dominated the microbial communities, and their influence was variable over time. Determinism was dominant in the early phase of incubation, while stochasticity was prevalent in the middle and late stages. There was faster recruitment of phylogenetically distant species in the dispersant‐amended community compared to oil‐only or rhamnolipid‐amended communities. This analysis provides important insights of how chemical dispersants and rhamnolipid influence microbial communities' dynamics and identified which groups may be excluded—an important consideration for biodegradation process and oil spill response.
Advances in mass spectrometry‐based glycomics—An update covering the period 2017–2021
Authors: Donohoo Kaitlyn B. , Wang Junyao , Goli Mona , Yu Aiying , Peng Wenjing , Hakim Md Abdul , Mechref Yehia
Published: September 2021

The wide variety of chemical properties and biological functions found in proteins is attained via post‐translational modifications like glycosylation. Covalently bonded to proteins, glycans play a critical role in cell activity. Complex structures with microheterogeneity, the glycan structures that are associated with proteins are difficult to analyze comprehensively. Recent advances in sample preparation methods, separation techniques, and MS have facilitated the quantitation and structural elucidation of glycans. This review focuses on highlighting advances in MS‐based techniques for glycomic analysis that occurred over the last 5 years (2017–2021) as an update to the previous review on the subject. The topics of discussion will include progress in glycomic workflow such as glycan release, purification, derivatization, and separation as well as the topics of ionization, tandem MS, and separation techniques that can be coupled with MS. Additionally, bioinformatics tools used for the analysis of glycans will be described.
The quality and antioxidant elucidation of germinated flaxseed treated with acidic electrolyzed water
Authors: Huang Shasha , Zhang Haicheng , Qin Xiaopeng , Nie Chengzhen , Yu Xiao , Deng Qianchun
Published: September 2021

The endogenous fortification of antioxidant lipid concomitants in flaxseed was imperative to improve the oxidative stability of α‐linolenic acid (ALA) in flaxseed and flaxseed oil upon processing, storage and gastrointestinal digestion. The comparative effects of acidic electrolyzed water (ACEW) and tap water (TW) on the triglyceride configuration, typical lipid concomitants, and antioxidant properties of flaxseed were conducted during 0–5 days of germination. The results showed that ACEW enhanced the germination rate of flaxseed by 18.25% and simultaneously suppressed the dynamic depletion of ALA by 5.32% when compared with TW (p < .05). The total phenolic acids, lignans, and flavonoids were effectively accumulated in flaxseed following ACEW‐mediated germination with the further increase by 4.82%, 15.48%, and 8.22% in comparison with those induced by TW (p < .05). The total contents of cyclolinopeptides in flaxseed progressively dropped following either ACEW or TW treatment, a slighter decrease by 5.59% for flaxseed treated by ACEW than that by TW. Notably, the maximum accumulation of tocopherols and phytosterols had been early obtained for flaxseed treated with ACEW for 2–3 days due to the de novo synthesis or intermolecular conformational transition (p < .05). Most importantly, ACEW‐mediated germination led to higher increment of the thermal oxidative stability and antioxidant properties of flaxseed and flaxseed oil in comparison to TW. In brief, the initial oxidation temperature increased by 7.09% and 3.06% (p < .05), and the antioxidant activities as evaluated by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP values raised by 3.86%–28.07% and 4.21%–9.18% (p < .05), respectively. These findings clarify that the germination especailly mediated by ACEW could be an effective method to further optimize the nutritional and functional properties of flaxseed through reconstructing the endogenous antioxidant system.
Land‐use comparison of depression‐focussed groundwater recharge in the Canadian prairies
Authors: Morgan Laura R. , Hayashi Masaki , Cey Edwin E.
Published: September 2021

In the cold semiarid Canadian prairies, groundwater recharge is focussed under numerous topographic depressions, in which snowmelt runoff converges. Agricultural land uses on the uplands surrounding the depressions affect snow accumulation, snowmelt infiltration, evapotranspiration (ET) and soil moisture dynamics, thereby influencing snowmelt runoff and depression‐focussed recharge. The objective of this study is to compare the differences in hydrological processes under two common land uses in the Canadian prairies, namely grazed grass and annual crop, and examine how they affect groundwater recharge. A short‐term (3 years) paired catchment study was used for detailed observation of hydrological processes in two depressions, supplemented by a longer‐term (17 years) data set covering a larger scale to quantify the differences in snowmelt runoff between the two land uses. Compared to the grazed grassland, the cropland had a shorter and more intense period of ET, and root water uptake restricted to the shallower (top 0–80 cm) soil zone. The amount of snowmelt runoff was greater in the grazed grassland primarily due to a higher amount of snow accumulation, which was dictated by differences in topography. This finding was contrary to previous studies in the Canadian prairies that indicated substantially smaller snowmelt runoff in ungrazed grassland, but was consistent with the larger‐scale remote sensing results, which showed only a marginal difference between grazed grasslands and croplands. Groundwater recharge rates were estimated using the chloride mass balance method for the present condition using “modern” pore water containing tritium. The rates were similar between the grazed grassland and croplands, implying similarity in snowmelt runoff characteristics. These results suggest that groundwater recharge will continue to be focussed under depressions in the future, though the amount and seasonality of recharge may be influenced by warmer winters.
Veterinary career pathways in a rapidly changing world
Authors: Viner Bradley
Published: September 2021

Most young graduates emerge from veterinary school eager to develop as effective clinicians; however, they soon realise that if they choose a career in practice they also need to understand the financial framework within which they work. While some may wish to remain at the ‘coalface’ and have minimal involvement in monetary issues, the reality is that in an increasingly corporate environment, the opportunity to advance their careers also comes with an increased responsibility to understand and develop the financial performance of the business. This article examines the question of whether there has to be a conflict between clinical performance and financial success, and looks at the skills that a veterinary surgeon needs in order to develop a successful career within the changing veterinary landscape. It is written from the point of view of someone working within small animal primary care, but the general principles could apply to any area of general practice.
First phase ejection fraction in aortic stenosis: A useful new measure of early left ventricular systolic dysfunction
Authors: Saeed Sahrai , Gu Haotian , Rajani Ronak , Chowienczyk Phil , Chambers John B.
Published: September 2021

In aortic stenosis (AS), a left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) <50% or symptoms are class I indications for aortic valve intervention. However, an EF <50% may be too conservative since subendocardial fibrosis may already have developed. An earlier marker of LV systolic dysfunction is therefore needed and first phase EF (EF1) is a promising new candidate. It is the EF measured over early systole to the point of maximum transaortic blood flow. It may be low in the presence of preserved total LV EF since the heart may compensate by recruiting myosin motors in later systole. The EF1 is inversely related to the grade of AS and directly related to markers of subendocardial fibrosis like late gadolinium enhancement on cardiac magnetic resonance scanning. A reduced EF1 (<25%) predicts adverse clinical events better that total EF and global longitudinal strain. We suggest that it is worth exploring as an indication for surgery in patients with asymptomatic severe AS.
Activated at home but deactivated at work: How daily mobile work leads to next‐day psychological withdrawal behavior
Authors: Jo Yeseul , Lee Dongseop
Published: September 2021

Drawing from the effort‐recovery model and the work–home resources model, we investigate the linking mechanisms between daily mobile work and next‐day psychological withdrawal behavior. Using a recovery lens, we propose that an employee's mobile work negatively relates to state resilience via psychological detachment from work on a daily basis. In light of a work‐to‐home process, we suggest that the focal employee's daily mobile work negatively relates to the spouse's relationship satisfaction via spouse perception of the employee's psychological detachment. In light of a home‐to‐work process, we also focus on state resilience as a mediator that translates diminished recovery and home outcomes into psychological withdrawal behavior. We tested our hypotheses using experience sampling data from 106 couples for 15 consecutive workdays. Results showed that the focal employee's mobile work was negatively associated with state resilience through decreased psychological detachment. On days when the employee engaged in mobile work more frequently, the spouse perceived the employees' psychological detachment as being weaker; moreover, the spouse experienced lower relationship satisfaction. Overall, the employee's daily mobile work was positively and indirectly associated with next‐day psychological withdrawal behavior via psychological detachment and state resilience. The spouse's relationship satisfaction did not relate to the employee's state resilience.