bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Franko’s concept of the term in the context of the modern anthropocentric paradigm
Authors:   Ivan Franko Drohobych State Pedagogical University, Yaremko Yaroslav , Luzhetska Natalia ,   Ivan Franko Drohobych State Pedagogical University
Published: October 2020

The figure of a prominent Ukrainian writer Ivan Franko and his innovation in the evolution of the Ukrainian political and linguocognitological thought, especially his original ideas about a new type of the interdisciplinary studies in the Ukrainian linguistics are outlined in the research. The article analyses cognitive and discourse approach to the assessment of linguistic phenomena, defining a language as a living system, distinguishes linguophilosophical thinking of Ivan Franko as a linguist-anthropocentrist. According to his reflections on the scientific language nature and its inseparable semantic core, a term, it is possible to regard the ideological basis inherited by modern interdisciplinary studies: cognitive linguistics, theory of communication, linguopolitology. Thanks to Ivan Franko’s intellectual innovations, they managed to establish the Ukrainian anthropological terminology. According to Ivan Franko, pragmatic features merge into scientific definition along with a rational and logic explanation of a term context. They refer to emotion-esteem sphere of a speaker, their ideas and feelings. Thus, the scientist’s objectivism functions together with the publicist’s talent. When in the process of communication between its constituent entities, each of which creates his or her communicative-pragmatic space from the position of egocentrism, we experience cognitive conflicts or conflict situations, as a result, the communicative interaction is broken. The above observations give reasons to believe that Franko’s theory of suggestion has made the bridge to the modern theory of communication, which says: it is not so important what is said, but what is happening in the addressee. In other words: defining in the communication (exchanging of ideas, knowledge, feelings, behaviour patterns, etc) is not so much a communication code (language), but an internal, cognitive code, essence of man, his soul. This internal code is materialized in suggestion. Keywords: Ivan Franko, school of political thinking, term-politonim, cognitive-discourse approach, pragmatic meaning, anthropological terminology.
Tumbuhan Khas di Kawasan Candi Muaro Jambi Dalam Kajian Etnobotani dan Potensi Ekonomi
Authors: Susanti Try , Musyaddad Kholid , Oryza Diandara , Utami Wiji , Arsyad Marzuki
Published: October 2020

AbstrakJambi memiliki lahan gambut dan hutan yang cukup luas yaitu sekitar 2 juta ha, sehingga Jambi memiliki biodiversitas yang cukup tinggi, termasuk tumbuhannya. Tumbuhan yang ada di Jambi memiliki kekhasan ciri historis dan ekologisnya, salah satunya di kawasan Candi Muaro Jambi. Tumbuhan tersebut dimanfatkan masyarakat untuk berbagai kebutuhan, namun pengetahuan tersebut mulai hilang dan ditinggalkan, sehingga perlu dikaji dari segi etnobotani dan ekonomi agar tetap dijaga kelestariannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui potensi tumbuhan di kawasan Candi Muaro Jambi dari segi etnobotani dan ekonomi. Penelitian dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan metode eksploratif deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan studi literatur. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada 65 jenis tumbuhan di kawasan Candi Muaro Jambi, 3 jenis diantaranya yaitu Ficus religiosa L., Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz, Schima wallichii Choisy akan dikaji dari sisi etnobotani dan ekonomi. Secara etnobotani tumbuhan tersebut dimanfaatkan untuk pengobatan dan ada yang digunakan untuk upacara ritual keagamaan. Dari segi ekonomi dapat meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat.Abstract Jambi has quite extensive peatlands and forests, which are around 2 million ha, so Jambi has fairly high biodiversity, including its plants. Plants in Jambi have unique historical and ecological characteristics, one of which is in the Muaro Jambi Temple area. The community uses these plants for various needs, but this knowledge is starting to disappear and be abandoned, so it needs to be studied from ethnobotany and economic perspective so that its sustainability is maintained. This study aims to determine the potential of plants in the area of Muaro Jambi Temple from ethnobotany and economic perspective. The research was conducted qualitatively with a descriptive exploratory method. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and literature study. The analysis was carried out descriptively. The results showed that there were 65 types of plants in the area of Muaro Jambi Temple, 3 of which were Ficus religiosa L., Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz, Schima wallichii Choisy, which will be studied from ethnobotany and economic perspective. Ethnobotany these plants are used for treatment, and some are used for religious rituals. From an economic point of view, it can increase people's income.
Biodegradation Styrofoam by Soil Bacteria from Sarimukti Cipatat Bandung Final Disposal Site
Authors: Hidayat Tri Rahayu , Indrawati Ida , Herlina Tati
Published: October 2020

AbstrakStyrofoam digunakan sebagai kemasan makanan atau minuman, dibentuk oleh stiren dan benzena. Migrasi benzena dari bahan kemasan ke makanan dapat menyebabkan berbagai penyakit. Cara untuk mengurangi limbah styrofoam adalah dengan mencari bakteri yang dapat mendegradasi styrofoam secara alami. Sumber potensial untuk menemukan bakteri tersebut adalah di Tempat Pembuangan Akhir Sarimukti. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksplorasi yang dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Tahapan  penelitian terdiri atas uji biodegradasi dengan metode Winogradsky Column, perhitungan persentase penurunan berat kering Styrofoam, analisis fisik dengan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), dan analisis perubahan gugus fungsi dengan FT-IR.Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan 4 spesies bakteri pendegradasi polistiren yaitu Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus cereus, dan Bacillus firmus. Persentase penurunan berat kering polistiren menunjukkan pada minggu kedelapan mencapai 18,23% dan analisis fisik dengan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) menunjukkan bahwa proses degradasi oleh bakteri tanah menghasilkan pembentukan pori-pori di permukaan Styrofoam. Analisis gugus fungsi menunjukkan bahwa gugus fungsi menjadi lebih sederhana setelah degradasi dengan munculnya gugus fungsi C-O pada bilangan gelombang 1.030,02 cm-1. Bakteri pendegradasi polistiren dari tempat pembuangan akhir Sarimukti ini dapat direkomendasikan sebagai metode yang ramah lingkungan untuk mengurangi limbah styrofoam.Abstract Styrofoam used as packaging food or drinks, that are formed on styrene and benzene. The migration of benzene from packaging materials to food can cause various diseases. The way to reduce styrofoam waste is to look for bacteria that can degrade styrofoam naturally. The most potent source of finding bacteria is in the Sarimukti Final Landfill. This research method uses exploratory methods that are analyzed descriptively qualitative. The stages of the study consisted of biodegradation testing using the Winogradsky method, calculation of the percentage of weight loss of Styrofoam, physical analysis with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and analysis of changes in functional groups with FTIR. The results of this study found 4 species of polystyrene degrading bacteria is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus firmus. The percentage reduction in dry weight of polystyrene showed in the eighth week which reached 18.23% and physical analysis with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) indicates that the process of degradation by soil bacteria showed the formation of pores on the surface. Functional group analysis shows that functional groups become simpler after the degradation with the appearance of C-O functional groups at wave number 1,030.02 cm-1. These polystyrene degrading bacteria from Sarimukti landfills can be recommended as an environmentally friendly method for reducing styrofoam waste.
Lichens and Lichenicolous Fungi of the Azores (Pico, São Jorge), Additional Records and Four New Species
Authors: van den Boom P. P. G.
Published: October 2020

One hundred twelve lichens and lichenicolous fungi species are recorded for the Azores. Twelve species are new records for the archipelago. A list with new records for the islands Pico and/or Sao Jorge is presented. Four species are newly described: Gassicurtia azorica, Polycoccum parmotrematis, Rinodina subcolobina and Stigmidium pyrenulae.
Features of Reproductive Function in Women With Premenstrual Syndrome
Authors:   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ukraine, Pakharenko Lyudmyla
Published: October 2020

The objective: of research is to evaluate course of pregnancy and labor in women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Patients and methods. The research included 200 women of reproductive age with diagnosis of PMS and 50 women without diagnosis of PMS. Data of reproductive and obstetrical history were collected. Results. We determined that women with PMS have more pregnancies (in 1.59 times, c2=10.74, p=0.001) and labors (in 1.70 times, c2=10.56, p=0.001) compared with controls. Also they have a tendency for development of pathological course of pregnancy and labor. Complications of pregnancy and labor are the most typical for patients with edematous form of syndrome compared with healthy individuals (c2=4.71, p=0.03, OR=3.92, 95%CI=1.27–12.06, p=0.02). These persons have a greater share of late gestosis – in 4,55 times significantly greater incidences – 47.82% versus 10.52% of women in control group (c2=6.51, p=0.01, OR=7.79, 95%CI=1.61–37.65, p=0.01). Conclusion. Special attention should be paid to women with edematous form of PMS, which are significantly more marked the development of late gestosis. These women are at risk of pathological labor – caesarean section, forceps, hypotonic/atonic postpartum uterine bleeding and preterm labor. Key words: premenstrual syndrome, pregnancy, labor, complications.
Chaperonin as the normal controls and pathological anti-stress response in the human reproductive system
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Makarenko M. , Hovsyeyev D. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Sydoryk L. ,   Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: October 2020

Different kinds of physiological stress cause mass changes in the cells, including the changes in the structure and function of the protein complexes and in separate molecules. The protein functions is determined by its folding (the spatial conclusion), which depends on the functioning of proteins of thermal shock- molecular chaperons (HSPs) or depends on the stress proteins, that are high-conservative; specialized proteins that are responsible for the correct proteinaceous folding. The family of the molecular chaperones/ chaperonins/ Hsp60 has a special place due to the its unique properties of activating the signaling cascades through the system of Toll-like receptors; it also stimulates the cells to produce anti- inflammatory cytokines, defensins, molecules of cell adhesion and the molecules of MHC; it functions as the intercellular signaling molecule. The pathological role of Hsp60 is established in a wide range of illnesses, from diabetes to atherosclerosis, where Hsp60 takes part in the regulation of both apoptosis and the autoimmune processes. The presence of the HSPs was found in different tissues that are related to the reproductive system. Key words: molecular chaperons (HSPs), Toll-like receptors, reproductive function, natural auto antibody.
Modern determinants of endometrium hyperplastic processes pathogenesis
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Benyuk V.O. , Goncharenko V.M. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Nykoniuk T.R. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: October 2020

The objective: to еxplore the relationship between the activity of endometrial proliferation and the state of the local immune response in the uterus in the conditions berprestasi process. Patients and methods. Examined 228 women of reproductive and perimenopausal age with endometrial pathology using ultrasound and then performing hysteroresectoscopy. Determination of the concentrations of the cytokines IL-1, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF was performed by solid phase ELISA. Results. Found a trend that confirms the loss of sensitivity to hormones at the stage of malignancy of the endometrium and can be used as diagnostic determinants in determining the nature of intrauterine pathology and criterion of the effectiveness of conservative therapy. Conclusion. Improving etiopatogenetice approach to the therapy of hyperplastic proce.sses of endometrium with determination of receptor phenotype of the endometrium is a research direction in modern gynecology, which will help to improve the results of treatment and prevention of intrauterine pathology. Key words: endometrial hyperplasia,the receptors for progesterone and estrogen, immunohistochemical method.
Mechanisms of adaptation of the pregnant women with miscarriage in the dynamics of the saving therapy
Authors:   Dnepropetrovsk State Medical Academy, Ukraine, Potapov V.O. , Zharkih A.V. ,   Zaporozhye State Medical University, Ukraine, Susjuka V.G. ,   Zaporozhye State Medical University, Ukraine, Plotnik V.O. ,   Zaporozhye State Medical University, Ukraine
Published: October 2020

The aim of the study: to evaluate the impact of the saving therapy in the implementation of adaptive mechanisms in pregnant women with recurrent pregnancy loss based on the study of the psycho-emotional state, autonomic balance and hormonal profile. Materials and methods. There were surveyed 67 pregnant women at the gestational age of 7-14 weeks with singleton pregnancy. The main group consisted of 35 women with threatening abortion clinic who were treated in the gynecological Department of the hospital № 9 Zaporozhye city and received natural micronized PG Utrozhestan® (Besins Healthcare) vaginally 200 mg twice a day. The control group consisted of 32 women without clinical manifestations of threatened abortion. The inclusion criteria were complaints of pain in lower abdomen and poor or moderate bleeding from the genital tract on the background of intrauterine pregnancy. Exclusion criteria were: hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovarian syndrome, menstrual irregularities, anomalies development of genital organs, habitual miscarriage, presence of fetal malformations and pregnancy with a copious bloody discharge. Results. Found that in pregnant women with threatening abortion clinic there is an increase of reactive anxiety, which is caused by an emotional reaction to a stressful situation and evidence of psycho-emotional maladjustment. Given that more than half of pregnant women with the clinic of miscarriage have a high level of personal anxiety, which is stable individual characteristics and reflects the predisposition of a subject to anxiety, this fact should be considered as a risk factor for this disease. Violations of the hormonal balance in pregnant women with recurrent pregnancy loss, characterized by increasing levels of cortisol and cortisone-insulin index, which is a stress response in this population of pregnant women. Similar changes are characteristic for the system mother-placenta-fetus that are caused by the decreased levels of estriol. Conclusion. Saving therapy using vaginal micronized progesterone (Utrozhestan®), including in the group of pregnant women with a poor prognosis (the presence of retrohorial hematoma), has a positive impact on the normalization of psycho-emotional state, autonomic balance, hormonal profile, and is also characterized by a lack of androgenic activity, which gives grounds to recommend cough medicine® for inclusion in the scheme of treatment of miscarriage. Key words: surrogacy pregnancy, autonomic regulation, level of anxiety, the hormonal profile, stress, adaptation, treatment, Utrozhestan®.
Possibilities of correction of menopausal disorders in women with the use of medicine Menopace
Authors:   SI Zaporizhia Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Reznichenko G.I. , Reznichenko N.Yu. ,   SI Zaporizhia Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Potebnya V.Yu. ,   SI Zaporizhia Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kovalenko K.I. ,   SI Zaporizhia Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Onischenko R.A. ,   SI Zaporizhia Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education Ministry of Health of Ukraine
Published: October 2020

The objective: to determine the efficacy of medicine «Menopace» in treatment of women with natural and surgical menopause. Patients and methods. 20 women (I group) with a natural menopause were examined (basic subgroup consisted of 10 patients who used Menopace for 3 months; control subgroup consisted of 10 patients). 20 women (II group) with surgical menopause were examined (basic subgroup consisted of 10 patients who received Menopace for 3 months; control subgroup consisted of 10 patients). Results. The average score of neurovegetative and emotional manifestations of climacteric syndrome during the observation period decreased in women with natural and surgical menopause who used Menopace, compared with subgroups of patients who had not used the medicine. Conclusions. 1. The use of the medicine Menopace in women with natural menopause after 3 months showed the disappearance of clinical symptoms of climacteric syndrome in 70% of the cases, and significant improvement in general condition in 30% of cases. 2. During surgical menopause after 1 month of treatment with Menopace manifestations of sweating were observed 4.5 times less often than in control group, tides were observed 7 times less often than in control group. Neurovegetative and psychoemotional symptoms of menopause were absent in 80% of women after 3 months of treatment and in 20% of cases significant improvement was shown. 3. The obtained results give grounds to recommend wide use of Menopace in practical work for the treatment of menopausal syndrome during natural and surgical menopause. Key words: menopause, therapy, Menopace.
Vocabulary Learning Through Viewing Captioned or Subtitled Videos and the Role of Learner- and Word-Related Factors
Authors: Fievez Isabeau , Montero Perez Maribel , Cornillie Frederik , Desmet Piet
Published: October 2020

This study investigates incidental vocabulary learning through captioned or subtitled videos and examines whether and how different learner- (prior vocabulary knowledge) and word-related factors (i.e., frequency of occurrence, cognateness, and imagery) influence learning gains from watching videos. Low-intermediate Dutch-speaking learners of French (N=86) took part in a four week intervention program. They were assigned to a subtitles group, a captions group, or a control group (who only took the tests). Vocabulary learning was measured by means of form and meaning recognition, as well as meaning recall tests. Results revealed that participants learned approximately 15% of the vocabulary they could have learned. Both treatment groups outperformed the control group in the meaning recognition test, but only the captions group outperformed the control group in the meaning recall test. Learning gains were mediated by cognateness with significantly higher odds to recall and recognize a cognate on the posttest than a noncognate. Frequency of occurrence and prior vocabulary knowledge had a positive effect on L2 learners’ ability to recall and recognize the meaning of the target words. A positive relationship was also found between target words that were visually represented in the video and learners’ meaning recall scores for those words.
Traditional Versus ASR-Based Pronunciation Instruction
Authors: Garcia Christina , Nickolai Dan , Jones Lillian
Published: October 2020

This paper presents a 15-week classroom study measuring the student outcomes of instructor-led pronunciation lessons versus entirely ASR-based pronunciation training. Seventy-six second-semester Spanish language learners were divided into two groups, one experimental (n=44) and one control (n=32). Over the course of six modules, both groups completed a pre- and post-study recording, as well as explicit pronunciation training sessions. These sessions included pre- and post-recordings, with either traditional or ASR pronunciation practice in between, which aimed attention at targeted phonemes. All student recordings were evaluated by native and near-natives for comprehensibility, nativeness, fluency, and perceived confidence. The results show that the effect of explicit and ASR instruction varies depending on the module and characteristic evaluated. ASR seems to outperform traditional instruction when targeting specific phonemes, especially in the short-term, while the explicit instruction group saw longer-term gains in regards to comprehensibility. Holistically, the data suggest that ASR-based instruction shows promise to improve certain aspects of pronunciation, but that using both techniques in tandem would be the most strategic approach to handling the development of this fundamental aspect of learner speech. The data presented here highlight the role and effectiveness of computer-assisted pronunciation training for lower-level Spanish courses.
Odbiór idei szkoły austriackiej w Niemczech i w Austrii
Authors: Szabaciuk Wojciech
Published: October 2020

This article is an attempt to analyze the reception of the Austrian School in Austria and Germany in general. The article aims to present the attitude of German and Austrian scientists and political leaders to the liberal ideas presented by the Austrian School. The author has discussed the birth of the Austrian School, methodenstreit, and the causes of the gradual removal of the heritage of Carl Menger and his successors from Austria.
Research into the importance of small seaport nautical infrastructure in the development of the local economy
Authors: Nowaczyk Piotr
Published: October 2020

Research into the importance of small seaports in the development of the local economy is extremely rare. This applies equally to the assessment of port infrastructure. Considering the research deficiencies, the decision was made for this paper to assess the importance of nautical infrastructure to port operators and the local economy. The territorial scope of the research covers seven small ports where the vast majority of national maritime sailing is concentrated. The importance of nautical infrastructure to port operators was assessed based on a cost-benefit approach. However, in the case of the local economy, the benefits of the expansion of the nautical infrastructure were determined based on the sailors’ spending, accounting for cash flows and multiplier effects. The study was based on available statistical data and the results of surveys and interviews. The studies carried out showed a negative return on nautical investments for port operators. However, nautical facilities generate net benefits to the local economy. The importance of nautical investments for port municipalities requires further research, especially into cash flows and the indirect and induced effects.
Uromyces euphorbiae Cooke & Peck, A New Rust Fungi (Pucciniales) Record for Turkey
Authors: KABAKTEPE Şanlı , MUTLU Birol , KARAKUŞ Şükrü
Published: October 2020

A rust fungi species, Uromyces euphorbiae Cooke & Peck (Pucciniaceae) on Euphorbia cheiradenia Boiss. &
Hohen. (Euphorbiaceae) is reported for the first time from Malatya for
Turkey and also on Euphorbia cheiradenia Boiss. & Hohen. (Euphorbiaceae)
is reported as a new host species for the Uromyces euphorbiae rust
fungi. The morphological and microscopical features of this fungi are described
with figures.
Okul Öncesi Öğretmenlerinin Dil Gelişimi ile İlgili Kavram Geliştirmeye Yönelik Görüşleri
Authors: KURT Elif
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışma, okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin dil gelişimi ile ilgili kavram geliştirmeye yönelik görüşlerini tespit edip değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma, bir örnek olay çalışmasıdır, 2019 yılında Millî Eğitim Bakanlığına bağlı okullarda görev yapmakta olan 6 okul öncesi öğretmeni ile sürdürülmüştür. Veriler, araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu aracılığı ile toplanmıştır. Veriler, sürekli karşılaştırmalı analiz metodu aracılığı ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonunda ulaşılan sonuçlardan bazıları şunlardır: Okul öncesi öğretmenleri sınıfta kavram geliştirme çalışmaları sırasında kavramı somutlaştırmaya, kavramın ulaşılabilirliğine, öğrencinin hazır bulunuşluğuna, kavramla ilgili örnekler vermeye, dil kullanımına, kavramın benzerliklerini ve farklılıklarını vermeye dikkat etmektedir. Okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin sınıfta kavram geliştirme çalışmaları sırasında zorlandığı kavramlar zaman, boyut, duygu ile kavramlar ve renklerdir.
The concept of reduction in the Edmund Husserl’s The Idea of Phenomenology
Authors: Zalewski Wojciech
Published: October 2020

This article presents the concept of phenomenological reduction Edmund Husserl’s “Idea of phenomenology”. In the first part I present the specifics of the phenomenological method compared to natural sciences. In the next part I characterize the fundamental assumptions about Husserl's understanding of the concept of phenomenological reduction. Next, I emphasize and explain the issues of the main epistemological principle. In the last part I interpret the reduction as a procedure leading to the essence of the phenomenon, but also what constitutes its basis, to “givenness “, what Jean-Luc Marion calls donation.
The Wisdom of the Novel in Richard Rorty’s philosophy as an example of postmodern humanism
Authors: Kaczmarek Patryk
Published: October 2020

The article presents the reconstruction of the edifying subjectivity derived from Richard Rorty’s neopragmatism. The functions of Master Novels that fit the trend of liberal education and postmodern humanism have also been described. I argue in favor of a thesis that the recognition of the Wisdom of the Novel widely spread in culture can contribute to social change. The effect of this change may consist in a decrease in the amount of social exclusion of various groups and the existence of ideological radicalisms, which may contribute to the progression of solidarity among people.
Father Augustyn Jakubisiak – “indigenous Polish thinker” (?)
Authors: Krzych Bartłomiej K.
Published: October 2020

The aim of the article is to answer the question about the Polishness of the philosophy of Father Augustyn Jakubisiak, as well as to indicate possible elements and features of such a way of philosophizing. In order to achieve this goal, more important biographical data of Jakubisiak were presented, and his important intellectual and personal relations were pointed out. Important historical events that had an impact on Jakubisiak's overall thoughts were also presented. The main part of the paper is a discussion of the most important assumptions and statements of the philosophy of the Polish priest, as well as an attempt to assess his contacts with his homeland and Polish philosophy. Taking into account Jakubisiak's interests (August Cieszkowski, Józef Hoene-Wroński, the history of Polish philosophical thought), as well as certain permanent ideas appearing in the history of Polish philosophical, theological and social thought, one should consider that Jakubisiak's thought is indigenously Polish, provided that Christian individualism is considered to be specifically Polish.
Ethics of a Lecture. The Problem of the So-Called “Difficult Matters”
Authors: Woźniczka Maciej
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the problem of moral issues related to giving academic lectures at universities. It shows the need for higher moral standards of lectures, related to spreading audio and visual means of communication and reaching a more diverse audience. The main subject for reflection consists of difficult matters, controversial problems and differences in opinions. In this context, the article presents the analysis of recommendations by the Ethics Committee at the Polish Academy of Science and the remarks resulting from contemporary literature on philosophical education. The analysis of lecture value points out how important philosophical historical experiences are in this area. It emphasizes that it is necessary to consider the meaning of cultural context in more detail while interpreting the problem (the principle of conducting lectures – the principle of parrhesia – Michel Foucault).
Ideas and sophisms. The process of education in the perspectives of polytheistic psychology
Authors: Olchanowski Tomasz
Published: October 2020

The author of the article looks at the processes occurring in contemporary culture through the prism of archetypal psychology of James Hillman. This “Jungian heretic” had a significant impact on many pedagogical ideas (aesthetic education, ecological education). Hillman’s polytheistic perspectives are processes that lead to the creation of the soul (“creation of the soul”) and awakening.
Values and aspirations as predicates of professional development of a human being
Authors: Duda Wioletta
Published: October 2020

Professional work in the modern world has become an important value, and for some individuals even the most important. Professional development fits into the personal development of a man and creates an important component of his activity. It is difficult to consider professional development in isolation from personal development. These are processes that, at a certain time in life, run in parallel, permeate and overlap each other. It is therefore important to take into account the values and aspirations of an individual as determinants of the choices made, first educational, then professional. These values serve to formulate aspirations and life goals. Assessment of the associated hierarchy of values is part of the strategy of naming the right life choices, it serves to develop human self-awareness.
Specialized basis of a teacher knowledge: a concept of Lee Shulman in the context of obtaining pedagogical knowledge by students
Authors: Цюрa Свїтлана
Published: October 2020

In the article there are characterized ways of development of personal professional experience of student – future teacher, in the context of organization of his educationally-professional training taking into account a new specificity of an informational space of contemporary education, that is events of personal educational space. I is generalized that personal educational space in a whole has few psychological and pedagogical effects: “actual experience”, “safe presence”, “competence”, “own space”, “freedom of choice – a free operating in the borders of own space”, “personal values”. According to priority of direction in the article it is defined types of activity and communication in the net, that is usual and popular for most modern students. First, directed on a communication, has biggest amount of signs for free search, usual life cognition. Second, with previous focusing on the search of persons with same opinions, on a building of useful connections. Third, with pure direction on a presentation of himself, his experience, creation of his social face, image, and in the same time it is a testing of his ideas. Fourth is directed on a complex realization already of structurized own objectives of individual professional development by means of the net. Fifth, is clearly directed on a full professionally-oriented activity in the net. A potenciality of a personal educational development creates a wide spectrum of possibilities for a formation of a new type of didactic knowledge. There is presented examples of pedagogic communication modelating, interaction in the net according to the content of professional training of the teacher and tasks, directed on formation in students a specialized basis of teacher’s knowledge – formation of competencies of student due to teaching content of an educational discipline by the means of the educational space.
Problems of Quality of Professional Training of Future Teachers: Reflections from Polish and Ukrainian Scholars
Authors: Біляковська Ольга
Published: October 2020

The article deals with the topical issue of professional training of future teachers in the context of ensuring its quality. A number of problems (knowledge level of applicants entering pedagogical departments; lack of prestige of teaching profession, etc.) influencing the quality of professional training of future teachers is outlined. Ensuring the quality of higher education has been a motto of the last decades and a result of large-scale reforms of national systems of education. Achieving high quality of education is possible only when having an efficient system of professional training of teachers who are able to get accustomed to new social conditions, quickly react to transformations occurring in the world sphere of education. Rapid growth of technologies and continuous process of changes in all spheres of life cause integration approaches to modelling an optimum concept of teacher training and education focusing on three main lines: research oriented, practice oriented and person oriented. Defining factors of professional success of a future teacher in the job market are a high level of social competencies, communicative skills and professional competencies.
Autoaggressive behaviours in educational care centres
Authors: Ruszkowska Marzena
Published: October 2020

A temporary separation from a biological parent which a child experiences is always, even though it might be for child’s sake, a stressful situation. Taking into account some other problems that might occur, it all might lead to aggressive and autoaggressive behaviours. The researches done for the purpose of this publication were conducted in three educational care centres located within bialski district. Twenty-five charges and ten educators participated in the researches. The studies enabled the three following: gathering information concerning autoaggressive behaviours, learning ways how educators cope with these behaviours, learning educators’ opinions on the factors that affect these behaviours. Furthermore, studies gave a chance to compare and contrast subjective feelings and impressions of both charges and educators. Additionally, within a case study, gathered information was complemented with the individual talks with selected educators in the educational care centres.
Artetherapy as a method of creative resocialization in the work of the probation center
Authors: Zimoch-Piaskowska Izabela
Published: October 2020

This article applies to resocialization of minors directed by the court to the probation center. As of January 1, 2018, there were 97 centers in Poland. Referral to a probation center is one of the educational measures widely used by the court. In this place, preventive, care and educational and rehabilitation-therapeutic activities are carried out. The purpose of the center's work is to change the attitudes of participants towards a socially desirable ensuring the proper development of their personality. The author points to artetherapy as one of the methods of creative resocialization, which can be an effective and attractive form of work with socially maladjusted adolescents.
Shaping social skills of pupils with disability in the context of the process of education
Authors: Niemiec Marta
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this article is to discuss the issue of social skills of pupils with special educational needs. Special attention is paid to the role played by social skills in social functioning of the pupils and the significance of supporting the process of development of social skills. The article also contains a survey of literature pertaining to the subject of defining social skills, describing their components, and characterizing determinants and limits of their development in pupils with special educational needs. In addition, the article compares traditional and contemporary methods in special education and discusses the role in special education that should be played by the process of developing social skills in pupils with disability.
The development of interests and the supporting role of the parent at the early childhood education stage
Authors: Kulik-Nowak Dorota
Published: October 2020

Currently, we live in instant culture reality depicting quick and immediate changes, in the era of continuous creation and manifestation of people succeeding in sport, music, dance or acting. An effective measure to ensure the child’s success in the future is an intensive satisfaction of his/her cognitive needs through the child’s participation in extra-curricular activities fulfilling his/her free time. On the educational market we are currently observing an intense increase in parents and children’s interest in additional, paid, classes enabling their comprehensive development. The aim of the presented article is an attempt to assess the phenomenon of 1–3-grades children’s participation in extra-curricular activities in the context of development of their interests, taking into account their parents’ supportive attitudes. Diagnosis and analysis of the research were carried out in relation to two elements of the affective and behavioral parents’ attitudes.
Research Club of Physicians of the University of Lviv (1907–1914)
Authors: Rędziński Kazimierz
Published: October 2020

At the University of Lviv, restored in the year 1817, opening the Faculty of Medicine was not permitted by Austrian authorities due to financial considerations. It was no sooner than in the year 1894 that the several-year-long Polish efforts within this scope brought about the desired results. The academic personnel in the first years of the activity of the Faculty of Medicine was constituted by Poles educated at the Jagiellonian University in Cracow, and, moreover, by Poles working at other academic centres in Europe. To Lviv, the professors and assistant professors of medicine from Prague, Vienna, Marburg, Innsbruck, Moscow and Warsaw arrived. The first group of students was composed of 95 males: Poles, Jews and Ukrainians. The first four women to have studied Medicine were admitted in the year 1900. They were: Maria Matylda Kalmus, Matylda Lateiner-Mayerhofer, Fanny Fuchs (all of whom were Jews) and Maria Jasienicka (Ukrainian). The first student organisation, namely: Society of Mutual Aid of the Students of Medicine, was established in the course of the first year after commencing instruction in medicine. In the year 1903, it was transformed into the Library of the Students of Medicine. Among its members, there were Polish, Jewish and Ukrainian students. In the year 1907, the ensuing split and secession in the oganisation existing thus far resulted in the formation of the Club of Physicians. It was exclusively Poles that were the members of the new organisation. The split was caused by ethnic and political conflicts connected with the development of ethnic consciousness. In Lviv, being a multi-national and a multi-religious city, the lack of tolerance was noticeable more and more frequently in connection with the intensive process of the formation of ethnic consciousness at the beginning of the 20th century.
An Attempt to exhaust Memory. The Function of the List in the Works of Georges Perec
Authors: Kryg Jagoda
Published: October 2020

The aim of the article is to analyse the function of the list in the works of Georges Perec, a French writer of the second half of the twentieth century. Writing by enumeration was one of the most important literary strategies practiced by the author and it took various forms depending on the specific text. Enumeration in Perec’s work can thus be perceived as a mnemontechnical tool, thanks to which it becomes a way to force one's memory to remember what is forgotten. This mne-motechnical aspect will be particularly important in the literary project called Lieux où j’ai dormi. Simultaneously, the creation of literary lists and enumerations can be linked to author’s need to control his surrounding reality. From this perspective, the list gives the illusion of double control. On the one hand, it fights the obliteration of traces of the past, and on the other, by recording even the most trivial elements of the reality, it seems to be a way to consolidate it.
History of Philosophy as a Memory
Authors: Buda Stanisław
Published: October 2020

In the first part I focus on the issue of progress, in particular progress in philosophy. Philosophical progress has a special property that it shares with the process of becoming a better person. It is constantly finding yourself “on the way”. This path is not only anchored in the Absolutely Perfect but it conditions and stimulates the reflection towards the truth about the relationship between Him and us. We can assume that the core of this reflection is philosophy. The second part is devoted to the paradoxical nature of the most generally understood memory. I assume that the condition of awareness of a certain content is its outdatedness, that is, its transfer to the sphere of memory. Memory is a constantly updated and constantly re-ordered picture of everything that the subject has ever relegated from being, so that it can be replaced by something else. The foundation of this order is a certain axiology. In the third part I show how the sketched concept of memory is used to describe the mechanism of the evolution of philosophical thought. The “on the way” philosophy would consist of two constantly repeated activities: on reconstructing what is to be denied, and thus on the recognition of the previous philosophical achievements in its totality, and on its negation. This denial would concern the whole of this achievement as an axiologically reconstructed unity. The new system is only realized as a series of consequences of the negation of the current state. The vast majority of philosophical reflection focuses on the constitution of this current state, its supposed unity. In the short part of the fourth, I draw up prospects for further deliberations.
Memory, Imagination and Autobiography. Jean-Paula Sartre’s Perspective
Authors: Winkler Marta
Published: October 2020

The aim of the article is to use J.-P. Sartre’s reflections to show the influence of memory and imagination on the formation of an individual’s life history. The first part of the work consist of philosophical analyses. The imaginations are analyzed here compared to the perceptions and memories. The second part is devoted to autobiography, inseparably connected with the first-person perspective. The philosopher's different creative and intellectual activities and the wide range of material his works contain allow us to expose the discussed issues in a diverse and complementary way.
Two Strategies of Rationality and Memory. Retrospection and Prospection. Exclusion and Inclusion
Authors: Tarnopolski Andrzej
Published: October 2020

The article analyzes the issues of the so-called strategy of rationality. The problem is known to social psychology. The author tries to show that similar problems also appear in the area of philosophy. He presents that there is an interesting correlation between philosophy and psychology in this area.
The Philosophy of Myth as the Interaction of Anticipation and Memory
Authors: Lechowski Paweł
Published: October 2020

In this article, apart from a brief review of the relationship between mythos and logos, the author, who has based his study on the Freudian category of the social unconscious and Durkheim’s category of social consciousness, presents the characteristics of three modes of social memory: unconscious memory, interconscious memory and conscious memory. Based on Gilbert Durand’s mytho-analytical tool, the structure of the triad of memory: THE UNCONCIOUS – AWAITING – THE CONSCIOUS is shown as the memory of the Father, Son and Mother. The mythological aspect of elapsing, past, reminiscence, living memory and anticipation is captured on the examples taken from Postmodern (the global society), Modern and even Pre-Modern). In this way, the author concludes that the contemporary transformation of memory into hallucinations means the beginning of anticipation for the End of History.
Forgotten Spheres of Subjectivity: Intentionality, Sensitivity and Memory. A Small Prolegomena to Future Epistemology
Authors: Trela Grzegorz
Published: October 2020

In the essay, I present a few of arguments for the thesis that the appreciation of the title areas of subjectivity – intentionality, sensitivity, and memory – by putting them due attention in the structure of the epistemic situation, should as result in a thorough redefinition of epistemology and its basic categories. At the same time, I am arguing for the primacy of epistemic subjectivism regarding objectivity or intersubiectivism. Thus, I present the outline of the modifications to which the concept of the epistemological situation should be subjected.
Memory as a Constituent Shaping the Identity of the Individual and the Community – the Case of Edith Stein
Authors: Raganiewicz Magdalena
Published: October 2020

The article attempts to show how memory influenced the formation of the unique spiritual identity of Edith Stein, who was born and grew up in the religious tradition of Judaism, but as an adult became the member of the Catholic Church. What seems to be unusual in her religious self-perception is the fact that despite conversion, Edith permanently regarded herself as a Jew and firmly claimed that she constantly belonged to the Jewish community. Her mind-set was immensely influenced by the image of Jesus as a devout Jew portrayed in the New Testament, zealously practicing the sacred rites of Judaism, as well as her later analysis of the Christian and Jewish ways of worship. Her study exposed a deep bond linking Christianity with Judaism and by revealing this bond Edith Stein evoked the forgotten truth about the Jewish roots of Christianity which is deeply rooted in the faith of the Old Testament and draws a lot from the richness of its tradition. Undoubtedly, this important link reminded by Edith Stein, raised and developed later by the official teaching of the Catholic Church, was possible because she remembered the religious tradition in which she grew up and which she experienced in her childhood. Memory, therefore, became the constituent that shaped her own spiritual identity, but also contributed to the reinterpretation of the identity of the Christian community.
Forgetfulness and Oblivation. Examples of Oblivion on the Legal Plane
Authors: Falana-Jafra Anna
Published: October 2020

In colloquial language, as well as in the languages of some sciences (for example, medicine and psychology), oblivion is treated as a synonym of forgetfulness, and thus as the final phase of the process of forgetting – removing specific information from memory. The author tries to show that oblivion is essentially different from forgetfulness, because it is not exhausted in the processes taking place in the human mind, but goes beyond it, eventually manifesting itself in the surrounding reality. The aim of the article is to demonstrate the existence of such oblivion in the universally binding law, as well as the approximation of selected legal institutions in the field of Polish criminal, civil and public law based on it.
The Memory of the Past Builds the Human Future. National Faults of Poles in Teaching the Primate of the Millenium
Authors: Gładkowska Anna
Published: October 2020

Man, as a member of a given nation, brings together his past, contributes to the formation of the present and thus creates his future. The memory of the past, in which the faults of Poles were present, has a decisive influence on shaping our nation’s image in the future.
The Senses Aesthetics, in other Words Body as a Storage Medium
Authors: Sokołowska Zuzanna
Published: October 2020

The subject matter of the article is focused on the senses in contemporary art. The author tries to find universal (or all-embracing) theory of senses aesthetics, which is totally new experience in contemporary art. Very important place in this article takes also body, which is undestand, especially by the artist, as a storage medium. Because body is as phenomenological presence.