bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tyconius the African: Reassessing the Theory of His Greek Origins
Authors: Caminiti Joshua
Published: January 2025

Recent literature on Tyconius has assembled something of a consensus towards Steinhauser’s suggestion that Tyconius was an ethnic Greek. This theory was originally proposed to mollify the central riddle of Tyconian studies which has vexed his readers since Augustine: how could he have remained a Donatist? By proposing him as an ethnic outsider to an African controversy, his puzzling ecclesiastical affiliation might thereby be explained. This article seeks to challenge this account in establishing two points. The first is to argue the sincerity of Tyconius as a Donatist, situating him within the diversity of “Donatisms”, and examine the principles of his Donatist conviction. Secondly, showing his intense interest in Africa from a theological and ecclesiological perspective, this paper concludes we have no reason to suppose that he was anything other than an African among Africans, and the theory of his Greek origins must be registered with some caution or dismissed.
Enhancing performance of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae by feeding on king oyster mushroom as a source of β-glucan
Authors: Mansoor S. , Tirtawijaya G. , Bashir K.M.I. , Lee J.-H. , An H.R. , Sohn J.-H. , Lee H.-J. , Choi J.-S.
Published: January 2025

The study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with king oyster mushroom (KOM) on the growth performance, nutritional properties, and β-glucan content in black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL). Although BSFL are an excellent source of high-quality protein, they naturally have low β-glucan content, which is renowned for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Using chicken feed as a basal medium, fortified with varying concentrations of KOM (0-50%), the growth performance, nutritional value, β-glucan content, and bioactive properties of the larvae were assessed through in vitro assays. By the seventh day, BSFL reared on 10% KOM-supplemented feed showed a significant increase in body weight to 51.64 ± 0.9 mg, compared to 36.74 ± 1.22 mg for those on non-supplemented feed, representing a 13-fold increase from the initial weight of 4 mg on day 0. Additionally, larvae on 10% KOM showed a 9.12% increase in protein content (33.65 ± 0.009%) and a 14.56% increase in lipid content (33.053 ± 0.012%) compared to those on non-supplemented feed. KOM supplementation significantly () enhanced the β-glucan content, with a remarkable 36-fold increase at 50% KOM. Moreover, hot water extracts from larvae fed on 10% KOM-fortified feed exhibited enhanced antioxidant activities, such as DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Anti-inflammatory activities were also indicated by reduced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Overall, the findings suggest that KOM supplementation significantly boosts β-glucan content, growth performance, nutritional value, and bioactive properties in BSFL, indicating their potential as a functional food and feed source offering enhanced nutritional and health benefits.
The Association Between Left Ventricular Global Function Index and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Linked to Systemic Inflammation in Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Kivrak Ahmet , Tanik Veysel Ozan , Tunca Cagatay , Canpolat Ugur
Published: January 2025

We aimed to investigate the association between systemic inflammation and the left ventricular global function index (LVGFI) and evaluate the diagnostic performance of LVGFI for MACEs across the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) spectrum. A total of 1697 patients (794 with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI] and 903 with non-STEMI [NSTEMI]) were evaluated. The LVGFI was calculated using echocardiography. Inflammatory status was assessed with C-reactive protein (CRP) and the systemic immune inflammation index (SII). MACEs were defined as non-fatal re-infarction, repeated revascularization of the target vessel, and all-cause mortality at a 3-year follow-up. While the STEMI group exhibited lower LVGFI values compared with the NSTEMI group ( P < .001), it had a higher SII level ( P < .001) and CRP level ( P = .021). The association between higher LVGFI quartiles and lower levels of systemic inflammation was more pronounced in the STEMI group. The threshold value of LVGFI to predict MACEs was <21.8% (Sensitivity = 79.2%, Specificity = 68.7%) for STEMI, while it was <25.4% (Sensitivity = 77.4%, Specificity = 70.8%) for NSTEMI. Considering both the inflammatory status and ACS spectrum when evaluating LVGFI could provide a more comprehensive assessment of cardiac function and prognosis in ACS patients.
Percutaneous Balloon Pericardiotomy: A Safe and Effective Approach for Managing Recurrent Massive Pericardial Effusion
Authors: Kıvrak Ahmet , Zekeriyayev Samuray , Canpolat Uğur , Hajizade Fedan , Deniz Çiğdem , Çöteli Cem , Ateş Ahmet Hakan , Aytemir Kudret
Published: January 2025

Percutaneous balloon pericardiotomy (PBP) has emerged as a less invasive alternative to surgical interventions for recurrent severe pericardial effusion (PE), particularly in patients with malignancies. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of PBP in patients with recurrent severe PE. A total of 42 patients with recurrent severe PE underwent PBP between March 2008 and July 2024. PBP was performed under conscious sedation with fluoroscopic guidance using a 20-mm by 60-mm balloon. Data were collected on patient demographics, echocardiographic findings, procedural details, and follow-up outcomes. The study population had a mean age of 58.4 ± 11.2 years, with 54.8% being female. Most patients (76.2%) had malignant PEs. The procedure was technically successful in all cases, with no immediate complications. The median hospital stay was 4 days. Post-procedural transthoracic echocardiography showed no residual effusion in 40.5% of patients and minimal effusion in 50%. Over a median follow-up of 353 days, 54.8% of patients died due to the progression of underlying malignancies, and four patients experienced recurrent effusions requiring additional intervention. PBP is a safe and effective treatment for recurrent severe PE, particularly in patients with malignancies. The procedure’s high success rate and favorable safety profile suggest it might be considered a first-line treatment option in appropriate clinical settings.
Confocal Raman Microscopy for Measuring In Situ Temperature-Dependent Structural Changes in Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Thin Films
Authors: Koh Miharu , Kitt Jay P. , Pendergast Andrew D. , Harris Joel M. , Minteer Shelley D. , Korzeniewski Carol
Published: January 2025

Crystallization from the melt is a critical process governing the properties of semi-crystalline polymeric materials. While structural analyses of melting and crystallization transitions in bulk polymers have been widely reported, in contrast, those in thin polymer films on solid supports have been underexplored. Herein, in situ Raman microscopy and self-modeling curve resolution (SMCR) analysis are applied to investigate the temperature-dependent structural changes in poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) films during melting and crystallization phase transitions. By resolving complex overlapping sets of spectra, SMCR analysis reveals that the thermal transitions of 50 µm thick PEO films comprise two structural phases: an ordered crystalline phase and a disordered amorphous phase. The ordered structure of the crystalline PEO film entirely disappears as the polymer is heated; conversely, the disordered structure of the amorphous PEO film reverts to the ordered structure as the polymer is cooled. Broadening of the Raman bands was observed in PEO films above the melting temperature (67 °C), while sharpening of bands was observed below the crystallization temperature (45 °C). The temperatures at which these spectral changes occurred were in good agreement with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements, especially during the melting transition. The results illustrate that in situ Raman microscopy coupled with SMCR analysis is a powerful approach for unraveling complex structural changes in thin polymer films during melting and crystallization processes. Furthermore, we show that confocal Raman microscopy opens opportunities to apply the methodology to interrogate the structural features of PEO or other surface-supported polymer films as thin as 2 µm, a thickness regime beyond the reach of conventional thermal analysis techniques.
The Firm’s Role in Displaced Workers’ Earnings Losses
Authors: Moore Brendan , Scott-Clayton Judith
Published: January 2025

The authors investigate the role of firm pay premiums in explaining the large, persistent earnings losses of displaced workers. They first estimate that long-run earnings for displaced workers from 2002 to 2008 in Ohio are depressed by 22%. Drawing upon empirical approaches from the displaced worker and firm heterogeneity literature, the authors then estimate that one-quarter of this earnings loss can be explained by the forfeiture of a favorable employer-specific pay premium. Such firm rents are more salient for those laid off from manufacturing firms, explaining half of their lost earnings. Nevertheless, this study adds to early evidence that firm rents do not explain the majority of earnings losses sustained by displaced workers in the United States.
Misalignments Between Student Teaching Placements and Initial Teaching Positions: Implications for the Early-Career Attrition of Special Education Teachers
Authors: Backes Ben , Cowan James , Goldhaber Dan , Jin Zeyu , Theobald Roddy
Published: January 2025

Graduates of special education teacher education programs can teach in a range of special education settings, raising the potential that their training can occur in very different settings than where they find their first jobs. We follow 263 completers of Moderate Disabilities programs in Massachusetts from their field placements to their early-career teaching positions and study the characteristics of their field placements and the degree to which these are aligned with their early-career teaching positions. We also assess the degree to which alignment is associated with early-career teacher turnover. We found that many of these teachers student taught in an inclusive setting but were hired into a self-contained special education setting and vice versa, and teachers who experienced this misalignment were more likely to leave the workforce early in their careers. Teachers who student taught with a supervising practitioner without a special education license were also more likely to leave early. Findings suggest that teachers training to educate students with learning disabilities should student teach in a setting that is aligned with where they are likely to be hired and with a supervising practitioner who is trained in special education.
Research on energy management strategy for incremental range electric vehicles integrating speed prediction
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhang Kun , Zhang Qingming , Wang Xiaochun
Published: January 2025

The main challenge facing current energy management strategies for extended-range electric vehicles is effectively balancing power demand and energy utilization to enhance fuel economy under complex and variable driving conditions. Therefore, to optimize the distribution between the two energy sources of extended-range electric vehicles and improve their fuel economy, this paper proposes an energy management strategy incorporating speed prediction. Firstly, the long short-term memory neural network speed prediction scheme is investigated, and its effectiveness under different cyclic conditions is verified. Secondly, the four hyperparameters of the long short-term memory neural network structure were optimized using the sparrow algorithm (SA) to further enhance the prediction accuracy of the long short-term memory speed prediction algorithm. After optimization, the mean square deviation and mean absolute error are reduced by 46.46% and 54.46%, respectively, compared with the pre-optimization period. Finally, an energy management strategy based on speed prediction was designed using the sparrow algorithm-long short-term memory model. The results show that the speed prediction-based energy management strategy reduces fuel consumption by 6.05% and 3.50% under the New European Driving Cycle and World Light Vehicle Test Cycle conditions, respectively, compared to the rule-based hybrid control strategy.
Dietitian perspective and experience: Implementation of telenutrition in Indonesia and the challenge of performing the nutrition-focused physical examination (NFPE)
Authors: Aulia Bianda , Mayasari Meike , Notarianti Rizna , Pranoto Yosephin Anandati
Published: January 2025

Background

Nutrition assessment is the first step of the nutrition care process (NCP), which includes investigating physical status and malnutrition signs. With the widespread digitalization of healthcare in Indonesia, including telehealth in dietetic practice (telenutrition), evidence is required to address the barriers and improve the current practice of conducting remote physical assessments.

Aim

This study aimed to explore the adaptation of nutrition-focused physical examination (NFPE) using telenutrition in Indonesia.

Methods

This qualitative study recruited Indonesian registered dietitians (RD) with experience in performing NCP using video conferences, phone calls, or other remote/online platforms. The search for participants was conducted until the information was considered sufficient. Data were collected using semistructured in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.

Results

Eleven RDs were interviewed via video conference. Three themes emerged from the analysis: (1) feasibility and practicality, (2) barriers, and (3) adaptations and pre-requisites of remote physical assessment. Remote physical assessment was considered not practical by the majority. Barriers were categorized into technological challenges, lack of NFPE training and practice, and challenges in involving patients. Pre-appointment preparations, guiding the patients through video calls, or asking patients to send images of their bodies are adaptations needed for remote physical assessment.

Conclusion

Challenges in remote physical assessment could be minimized by establishing protocols to deliver standardized care and ensure session efficiency. Additionally, strengthening the implementation and training of NFPE for dietitians in Indonesia is of paramount importance.
The drunkard’s intention lies not on the wine: Reinterpreting culture-led urban redevelopment in China amidst profound regime changes
Authors: Jiang Ronghao , Lin George CS
Published: January 2025

This research engages with ongoing debates over the global proliferation of culture-led urban redevelopments through a study that examines the pattern and process of culture-led redevelopment in China amidst profound regulatory changes. A systematic statistical analysis has found that the extent of culture-led redevelopment has little to do with the degree of marketisation, level of economic growth or concentration of creative human capital but is closely related to the pressure of central regulatory control over local urban land expansion. Municipalities with less quota for newly added urban land are found to be more proactive to leverage on the rhetoric of developing a cultural economy through the regeneration of old industrial land in the name of culture-led redevelopment for the hidden agenda of lucrative commercial developments. The extent of culture-led redevelopment tends to be higher in the cities where greater local administrative supports are made available for culture-led redevelopment projects to circumvent central regulations. Our study of the city of Guangzhou at a finer scale has shown that the bulk of culture-led redevelopment projects are masked superficially in the name of culture to serve the real interest in profitable commercial activities. Research findings challenge the popular perception of culture-led urban redevelopment as a reasonable and legitimate strategy of place making/promotion and bring to the fore regulatory and regime changes in the state-economy-politics arena as an important lens to understand the sophisticated dynamics and diverse trajectories of urban transformations in China and beyond.
Data capitalism in the milieu of the surveillance economy: What can libraries do?
Authors: Chisita Collence Takaingenhamo , Durodolu Oluwole O , Rusero Alexander Madanha
Published: January 2025

As a result of the emergence of the internet, semantic web and social media, netizens have been able to create digital footprints on scholarly, commercial or non-scholarly platforms. However, it remains a mystery as to what happens to the data created by ordinary users of digital platforms, whether they create text, visuals, sounds or multimedia files. Despite the privatization and commoditization of digital spaces by informational capitalism, austerity policies across the globe have led to deterioration and diminishing of physical public spaces and infrastructure for providing services. This article seeks to explore the concept of data capitalism amidst rising surveillance capitalism and suggests ways through which libraries can protect the interests of their users against data capitalism.
Evaluating Uttar Pradesh prison library services’ compliance with IFLA guidelines
Authors: Rai Abhishek , Singh Manendra Kumar , Lepcha Anudha
Published: January 2025

This study assesses the prison library services in five central jails in Uttar Pradesh, India, according to the IFLA’s Guidelines for Library Services to Prisoners. The research focuses on the physical facilities and equipment of the prison libraries in these jails. Data were collected through stratified and purposive sampling. Structured questionnaires were administered to 105 inmates from all central jails included in the study. Data were analysed using SPSS. Despite many inmates considering internet or computer access essential for their educational pursuits, none had access to such equipment. The findings indicate mixed results in terms of adherence to IFLA's guidelines by different jails, emphasizing the need for continuous reform and further investigation to align practices with international standards. The study emphasizes the importance of prison libraries in inmate rehabilitation and the need for a more uniform application of international standards to enhance the efficiency, security, and inclusiveness of prison library services.
Limitations and Future Directions in Pharmacological Treatment for Amphetamine-Type Stimulant Use Disorder
Authors: Bahji Anees
Published: January 2025

Plain Language Summary

Why Current Treatments for Stimulant Addiction Often Fall Short: Insights and Future Directions Stimulant addiction, such as addiction to drugs like amphetamines, is a growing public health concern, but there are very few effective medications to treat it. A recent study reviewed a drug called modafinil and found it didn't help reduce drug use, cravings, or improve treatment outcomes. This article discusses why treatments that work for other addictions, like opioids, are less effective for stimulants. It also highlights the challenges researchers face, such as differences in study methods and overlooking common issues like mental health problems or using multiple substances. The focus on complete abstinence as a treatment goal is another issue. Harm reduction, which involves reducing drug use and improving health and social well-being, could be more realistic and beneficial for many people. Finally, while therapy remains the most effective treatment, it's not always accessible. This article calls for new, innovative approaches that prioritize harm reduction, safety, and long-term recovery.
Effect of bioactive glass on the properties of glass/polymer composite scaffold fabricated by solvent casting/particulate leaching technique
Authors: Suhaimin Intan Syazana , Abu Kassim Syamimi , Ahmad Zubir Syazana , Abdullah Tuti Katrina
Published: January 2025

This study fabricated Bioglass® reinforced polyurethane (PU) scaffolds by solvent casting/particulate leaching technique to investigate the effect of Bioglass® percentage on the properties of the PU scaffolds. Bioglass® percentage was varied for 0 wt %, 10 wt %, 20 wt %, 30 wt %, 40 wt % and 50 wt % in the PU matrix. The composite scaffolds were characterized using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) to observe the morphology and compositions of the scaffolds, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to analyze functional group interactions. Their properties were thoroughly assessed through porosity testing, compression testing and in-vitro bioactivity evaluation. Results demonstrated that increased Bioglass® percentage improved the compressive strength of the PU-BG scaffolds from 0.5 MPa to 1.5 MPa. The in-vitro test revealed that the addition of Bioglass® induced and accelerated the bioactivity of PU-BG scaffolds. When 50% of Bioglass® was added, an apatite layer was formed on the composite scaffolds after 14 days of incubation. The optimal Bioglass® content for improving both mechanical properties and bioactivity of PU scaffolds was found to be 50 wt %. These findings suggest that PU-BG composite scaffolds have potential applications in bone tissue engineering and may provide insights into designing bioactive scaffold materials for enhanced osteointegration.
Imaginaries of enmity across the Taiwan Strait: The ‘cartoon war’ between Taipei Times and Global Times
Authors: Ruiz Casado Juan Alberto , Lock Natasha
Published: January 2025

This article reconsiders the Taiwan Strait conflict by encouraging a deeper exploration of the construction of sociopolitical imaginaries of enmity through editorial political cartoons. It does so, moreover, by emphasizing the need to attend to the triadic China–Taiwan–US relations, rather than just focusing on cross-Strait developments. Through this study, we focus on editorial political cartoons as visual schematic elements that aid in describing and explaining overarching discursive practices. We show how the political cartoons of China’s Global Times and Taiwan’s Taipei Times analysed in this article reflect the evolving dynamics and contemporary tensions in China–Taiwan–US relations. Furthermore, these cartoons underscore the importance of visual media in co-constructing conceptions of ‘friends’ and ‘foes’ that ultimately influence those very dynamics and, at least partially, aid in explaining those tensions. We reveal the existence of several parallels between the political imaginaries represented by the cartoons of both outlets, especially concerning the construction of an ‘external enemy’: the United States in Global Times and China in Taipei Times. However, notable differences also emerge, including the contrasting representation of the US role, as well as the predominant portrayal of ‘internal enemies’ and a higher degree of dehumanization in the Taiwanese outlet.
DABiG: Breath pattern classification using the hybrid deep learning with optimal feature selection
Authors: Kaleeswari P , Ramalakshmi R , Arun Prasath T , Muthukumar A , Kottaimalai R , Thanga Raj M
Published: January 2025

Background

A person's breathing pattern can be a reflection of their emotional and physical well-being because it shows the frequency, intensity, and rhythm of their breathing.

Objective

This research article presents a comprehensive approach to breathe pattern classification utilizing gyroscope and accelerometer readings obtained from individuals using two distinct sensors. The study encompasses the acquisition of six diverse breathing patterns, with a focus on data pre-processing through Min-Max normalization.

Methods

To select essential features from the normalized data, an innovative optimization algorithm, Adaptive Chimp Optimization (AdCO), is introduced. AdCO integrates an adaptive weighting strategy into the conventional Chimp optimization algorithm, enhancing convergence rates and enabling global optimal feature selection. Furthermore, the article introduces the application of the selected features in breath pattern classification using a hybrid deep learning mechanism, DABiG. DABiG leverages the Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (BiGRU), a neural network architecture capable of processing sequential data bi-directionally.

Results

Spatial and temporal attention mechanisms are incorporated into DABiG to enhance its ability to focus on relevant spatial regions and time steps within the breath pattern data.

Conclusion

Spatial attention assigns weights to spatial regions, while temporal attention assigns weights to time steps, improving feature extraction and classification accuracy.
Experimental ballistic tests in alumina ceramic/Kevlar targets at outdoors military range
Authors: Aguilar-Elguezabal A. , Reyes-Rojas A. , Bocanegra-Bernal M.H.
Published: January 2025

This study explores the relevance and limitations of conducting ballistic tests in outdoor shooting ranges without specialized laboratory equipment. While these methods lack the precision and control of fully equipped laboratories, they provide a cost-effective and practical alternative for evaluating material and armor performance in resource-limited contexts. Tests were carried out using 7.62 × 51 mm and 9 × 19 mm ammunition at velocities of 832 and 350 ms1, respectively. Depth of Penetration (DOP) measurements were obtained directly from the deformed metallic backing plate, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine post-impact ceramic fragments. Results showed that higher areal density targets (65.41 kg·m2) offered greater resistance to 7.62 × 51 mm ammunition, while lower-density targets (53.15 kg·m2) were fully penetrated. Against 9 × 19 mm ammunition, targets with 64.85 and 65.41 kg·m2 densities effectively minimized deformation of the backing plate. Enhanced areal density improved ballistic efficiency, with certain targets meeting NIJ-0101.06 standards, indicating their potential for use in personal armor systems.
Design of trailing edge flap based on MFC and prediction of deformation and aerodynamic performance using BP neural network
Authors: Niu Yulong , Ji Hongli , Tao Chongcong , Zhang Chao , Wu Yipeng , Qiu Jinhao
Published: January 2025

In terms of vibration and noise reduction for helicopter, Active Control Flap (ACF) rotor technology, leveraging smart materials, stands out as a promising and advantageous approach. This paper focuses on the design, modeling, and simulation of a novel structure integrated with trailing-edge flap and composite rotor blade driven by Macro Fiber Composite (MFC) actuators. A 3D model is employed to simulate the deformation response of the flap under different driving voltage levels. The results were validated by experimental data. Additionally, Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) analysis is applied to explore the deflections of the trailing-edge flap under various flight conditions and its corresponding aerodynamic characteristics. The findings reveal that the designed trailing-edge flap significantly influences the aerodynamic lift and pitch moment of the airfoil at operational speed and angle of attack of the helicopter blade. Finally, a Back Propagation (BP) Neural Network is introduced to establish a fast predictive model for the intricate nonlinear response characteristics of the ACF rotor. The network is trained and tested with appropriately chosen sample data, demonstrating high prediction accuracy and reliability. This model serves as a theoretical reference for subsequent application of ACF technology in vibration and noise reduction, providing valuable insights for further research and development.
Cleft-Related Revision Procedures: Surgeon Perspectives on Shared Decision-Making and a Decision Aid Prototype
Authors: Makar Katelyn G. , Tran Khoa D. , Brown Whitney , Vercler Christian J.
Published: January 2025

Objective

Decision-making for elective cleft lip and nose revisions varies widely, from patient-led decisions to more paternalistic approaches. As these procedures incur additional scarring that may impact future interventions, patients should be equipped to participate in these surgical decisions. We thus developed a decision aid based on international standards, and to ensure methodologic rigor, we sought feedback from other surgeons regarding shared decision-making and potential barriers to adopting the decision aid.

Design

The decision aid was developed based on qualitative patient data, expert opinion, and International Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS). It was first piloted using a “think aloud” approach and subsequently revised. In the present study, this version was presented to a diverse focus group of surgeons. The conversation was audio-recorded and transcribed. The transcription was coded independently by 2 authors, and codes were categorized for theme development.

Setting

American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association meeting, April 2024.

Participants

Focus group of 8 board-certified craniofacial surgeons.

Main Outcome Measures

Surgeon feedback regarding appeal, usefulness, and generalizability of the decision aid.

Result(s)

Eight surgeons participated. Mean age was 43 years (SD 5.7), and mean number of years in practice was 9.3 (SD 6.0). Four were female, and 4 were male. Three themes emerged: (1) Appeal to the consumer, (2) Acknowledge the parents, and (3) Consider logistics of decision aid delivery.

Conclusions

Based on surgeon feedback, the decision aid will be web-based, explicitly recognize the importance of parents, and maximize the likelihood that patients viewing the decision aid are surgical candidates.
Virtually Prepared: Using Virtual Reality to Build Trauma Awareness and Resilience in Journalism Students
Authors: Hoak Gretchen
Published: January 2025

Using virtual reality (VR), six journalism students were given training on how to cover a protest that turns violent. The goal was to investigate if VR could help increase awareness of and resilience to the physical and psychological dangers of journalistic work. Pre- and post-interviews were analyzed for themes associated with learning and resilience. Results suggest the VR simulation invoked a sense of realism and generated genuine reactions that were conducive to learning. Results revealed four themes associated with resilience including increases in emotional and situational awareness, professional awareness, and feelings of competence. Implications for trauma training are discussed.
Fishhook Injuries and Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Lazzara Alan A. , Sinkoff Jacob S. , Thompson Robert , Zahdan Khader , Baptiste Jonathan
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Fishhook injuries are a common occurrence among anglers. There are no guidelines for prophylactic antibiotic use after fishhook removal. This study analyzed the management of embedded fishhooks, prophylactic antibiotic use, and complication rate at a Michigan county emergency department to observe whether antibiotic use changes patient outcome. Commentary on a freshwater pathogen ( Aeromonas hydrophila) is also included.

Methods

Cases were obtained through a retrospective chart review of patients seen for fishhook injury between 2016 and 2022. We analyzed age, sex, relevant medical history, type of fishhook, site preparation, removal technique, antibiotic use, return visit within 30 days, and complications.

Results

Fifty-one patients with fishhooks injuries were identified. Mean age was 48±17 y. Forty-three patients were male (84%), and 8 were female (16%). Hook site varied, with most occurring in the finger/thumb (78.4%) and scalp (5.9%). One case involved the ear cartilage. The most common removal technique was the advance and cut method (52.9%). Four patients had an immunocompromising condition (eg, diabetes). Oral antibiotics were prescribed to 26 patients (51%) on discharge. Prophylactic antibiotic choice varied—cephalexin predominated (61.5%). There were no wound infections or complications in cases where the fishhook was removed during the emergency department encounter (50 of 51). One case involved a delayed presentation, abscess formation, and outpatient hand surgery referral.

Conclusions

In this small observational study, antibiotic prophylaxis for freshwater-associated fishhook injury did not change outcome regardless of fishhook location or presence of an immunocompromising condition. Further controlled studies are needed to determine the validity of these findings.
Determining the cutoff for thoracic trauma severity score for predicting the outcome following blunt thoracic trauma in an Indian population presenting to a level 1 trauma centre
Authors: Gupta Shubham K , Mishra Shashi P , Mishra Manjaree , Kumar Manish , Digumarthi Asha R , Hoda Inzamam ul , Choudhary Kingshuk , Gupta Sanjeev K
Published: January 2025

Introduction

In 2000, Pape and colleagues designed the Thorax Trauma Severity Score (TTSS) that integrated the anatomical and physiological parameters to predict the outcome following trauma to chest. Given the wide variability in the cut-off level for predicting outcome, we intended to analyze the cut-off and study the sensitivity and specificity of TTSS in our population in predicting the mortality. We also aimed to quantify the utility of TTSS at presentation in predicting the need for ICU care, and need for mechanical ventilation.

Methodology

A prospective cohort study was conducted on 300 blunt chest trauma patients presenting to Emergency Department of our level 1 Trauma Centre. Patients aged 18 years or above with blunt trauma chest with GCS > 13 at presentation were included. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS. The receiver operator curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the statistical significance of sensitivity and specificity and to choose suitable cut-off points to make a decision.

Results

Out of 300 patients, 230 were male (76.7%) and aged 38 ± 14.5 years. Road Traffic Accident was the commonest mode of injury (71.6%). Out of 239 patients who were admitted, 137 patients needed hospitalization for less than 7 days (good prognosis), 44 patients had fair prognosis, 27 needed admission to ICU and ventilator support and therefore had poor prognosis while 31 patients had fatal outcome. A cutoff of TTSS 11 or more had 96% sensitivity & 90% specificity for predicting poor outcome (p < 0.001; AUC = 0.921) and 87.4% sensitivity & 86.5% specificity for predicting fatal outcome (p < 0.001; AUC = 0.933).

Conclusion

A TTSS score of 11 and above was associated with poor (ICU admission and need for mechanical ventilation) and fatal outcome. A higher score is associated with higher morbidity & mortality [Level of evidence: Level 2].
Active disturbance rejection control for reducing vehicle body displacement based on an extended state observer and dynamic fuzzy techniques
Authors: Nguyen Tuan Anh
Published: January 2025

This article presents a hybrid control method for an automotive suspension system to improve smoothness and comfort and eliminate the influence of sensor noise. The proposed algorithm is formed by combining an active disturbance rejection control technique and a dynamic fuzzy technique based on an extended state observer. The article’s novel contribution is to propose a solution for determining a reference signal and adjusting control parameters using soft computing techniques. Simulations are performed in three cases (corresponding to three types of road excitation signals) to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm. According to the calculation results, the displacement and acceleration of the vehicle body are significantly reduced when the proposed technique is applied to control the active suspension system. The error of the road disturbance observed by the extended state observer does not exceed 0.5 mm, while the error of the vehicle body displacement is less than 0.001 mm. In addition, the chattering phenomenon caused by sensor noise is completely eliminated once the proposed algorithm controls the active suspension system. In conclusion, the algorithm introduced in this work provides superior performance over traditional control methods, which is validated by simulation results.
From prejudice to marginalization: Tracing the forms of online hate speech targeting LGBTQ+ and Muslim communities
Authors: Unlu Ali , Truong Sophie , Sawhney Nitin , Tammi Tuukka , Kotonen Tommi
Published: January 2025

This study investigates online hate speech in Finland, particularly Twitter messages targeting people of Muslim faith and the LGBTQ+ community, using a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative text classification with a BERT model and qualitative thematic analysis via BERTopic and examination of highly interacted posts from 2018 to 2023. The study shows increasing instances of hate speech occurring online, primarily against Muslims, with topic modeling uncovering 32 topics for Muslims and 41 for the LGBTQ+ community, featuring themes of violence, cultural conflict, and challenges to traditional values. The LGBTQ+ community is depicted as undermining traditional norms, whereas Muslims are presented with hostility. The research underscores the necessity for digital platforms to employ nuanced strategies to counter hate speech, advocating for policies that tackle hate speech while also addressing the underlying factors and enhancing understanding of the social and cultural contexts of the targeted groups to refine detection accuracy.
‘I just shot my mom’: A genre analysis of swatting calls
Authors: Plumb Jennifer James , Visonà Mark Winston
Published: January 2025

Previous research has examined how callers and call-takers use linguistic resources to negotiate requests in emergency calls and has identified differences in calls where callers are being deceptive. However, no scholars have yet examined the discourse of swatting calls or emergency calls wherein an individual fabricates an emergency to inspire an armed police response in the form of a ‘Special Weapons and Tactics’ (SWAT) team. The current study addresses these gaps in a genre-based discourse analysis of caller moves and steps in a sample of 15 calls. We show how swatting callers use specific rhetorical moves (e.g. mentioning vulnerable victims, threatening future violence) that take advantage of police deployment prioritization protocols to escalate the urgency of their fictitious emergencies. Consequently, this study improves scholarly understanding of linguistic features used to request help in dangerous situations and introduces potential avenues for law enforcement to better identify ‘swatting’ calls in the future.
Nonlinear dynamic analysis of PEEK based polymer composite involute spline couplings with textured tooth
Authors: Xue Xiangzhen , Yu Wei , Lin Kuan , Wu Zhaopeng , Wang Chen , Shen Mingjie , Sui Liqi
Published: January 2025

To improve the wear resistance of involute spline couplings and meet the requirements of lightweight design, this work focuses on PEEK (polyetheretherketone) based polymer composite involute spline couplings with tooth surface texture. A dynamic model and differential equation of PEEK based polymer composite involute spline couplings with tooth surface texture were established using the concentrated mass method. The arrangement of tooth surface texture was established based on fractal theory, and a calculation method for the dynamic meshing stiffness of the system was established using the potential energy method. The surface texture morphology parameters, texture arrangement, and material characteristics were considered in this method. The dynamic characteristics of different textured systems were analyzed, and the influence of geometric eccentricity and rotational speed on the dynamic characteristics of the system was explored. The results show that the dynamic meshing stiffness of the surface texturing system exhibits a nonlinear state, and texture 2-F exhibits good stiffness characteristics; Different texture systems exhibit different dynamic characteristics, among which texture 2-E exhibits poorer dynamic characteristics; Compared with complete alignment, the dynamic characteristics of large misalignment systems are more complex; Eccentricity of dynamic and static mixing at high speeds can alter the stability of the system and make it non periodic in motion. This lays a theoretical foundation for the precise design of PEEK based polymer composite involute spline couplings with surface texture and the analysis of service performance based on the design of similar components.
Influence of pin thread on particle distribution in the FSP using the CEL method
Authors: Akbari Mostafa , Asadi Parviz , Moghanian Amirhossein , Hassanzadeh Ezatollah
Published: January 2025

Material flow pattern determination during Friction Stir Processing (FSP), while producing a composite substrate is one of the most challenging factors in achieving uniform distribution of reinforcements. This article investigates the effects of pin thread and thread pitch on the distribution of reinforcing particles during the FSP process. It is more challenging when complicated pin designs, including threads, are employed due to the limitations of the numerical model development. To comprehensively evaluate the influence of various tool pin designs on material flow, particle distribution, temperature, and strain, the study employs the Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) modeling technique. Three distinct tool designs with thread pitches of 0.75 mm, 1 mm, and 2 mm were analyzed for their impact on these parameters. The results indicate that samples produced with threaded tools exhibit higher temperatures and strain levels than those processed with circular tools. Moreover, the circular tool design does not facilitate a uniform distribution of particles within the processed zone. Notably, threaded pins with pitches of 0.75 mm and 1 mm effectively promote a more uniform arrangement of particles within the base matrix, enhancing the overall processing outcomes.
Effect of ply orientation on impact resistance of woven GFRP composites subjected to projectile impact
Authors: Karthick P. , Ramajeyathilagam K.
Published: January 2025

The focus of this paper is to present experimental and numerical investigations on the effect of fibre orientation on ballistic resistance and energy absorption capacity of glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) panels. Experiments were conducted on three different GFRP laminates made of woven fabric with cross ply, angle ply and combination of cross ply and angle ply (hybrid) with dimensions of 140 mm ×140 mm ×1 mm (thick) subjected to projectile impact with 12 mm spherical projectile using single-stage gas gun setup. In each case of cross ply, angle ply and hybrid composite laminates, six experiments with nearly same velocities (52, 55, 58, 62.5, 65 and 68 m/s) were conducted and the experiments exhibited denting and perforation. The numerical analysis was carried out using LSDYNA non-linear finite-element code considering strain rate effects based on Cowper-Symonds relation. The residual velocity, ballistic limit, energy absorption capacity and damage area of GFRP laminates obtained from numerical analysis is compared with experimental results.
Urbanization of consciousness or maintaining rurality: What tourism workers tell from social identity theory perspectives
Authors: Avcı Ceren
Published: January 2025

In the current study, whether tourism creates an urbanization effect on consciousness or creates no change is examined from the perspective of social identity theories. People who earn money from tourism in Yesiluzumlu that receives amenity migration were selected as the research population. According to the information obtained, the number of enterprises in the neighborhood was lower than 30. Assuming that there were 29 enterprises, the sample constituted 55% of the population through purposive sampling. In-depth interviews were conducted with participants and the data obtained was subjected to discourse analysis which is composed of post-structuralist perspective as epistemological structure. The study makes a contribution to the literature on rural-urban interaction in tourism and brings into question the transformative effect of tourism on social identity. It illustrates the problems in the settlement that may be caused by the construction activities that is synonymous in the participants’ minds with urbanization and without neglecting the stimulating effect of urban consciousness, underlines mutual value creation between urbanity and rurality is an option in a way that the level of urbanization in the touristic settlement remains controlled.
Foregrounding the background: A methodological reflection on the roles and effects of participant-generated photos
Authors: Bäckman Malin
Published: January 2025

In this methodological reflection, I illustrate how participant-generated photos take on different roles throughout the research process. The photos discussed form part of a study focusing on ‘sustainable’ everyday practices. I account for how the photos act as windows into meanings of sustainability, as windows into sustainable materialities and as artefacts influencing the research process. The aim is to share insights gained as a result of grappling with photos, in terms of their roles – as well as what the photos portray. By bringing materialities to the fore, the photos made me reconsider the role of material elements within everyday practices, which I have come to understand as dynamic and vibrant. I argue that photos, like material elements in practices, provoke and have effects and can help foreground the often taken for granted mundane materialities entangled with everyday life.
Partnerships to tackle the effects of socio-economic inequality on children’s experiences of school
Authors: Laing Karen , Thomas Ulrike , Tiplady Lucy , Todd Liz
Published: January 2025

Education is a key driver of resilience against the backdrop of increasing uncertainty provoked by enduring forms of social injustice. Yet, for many children living in poverty, school is a site in which economic inequalities are reproduced and children experience further exclusion and stigma. Nearly a quarter of families in Europe are at risk of poverty. In the UK, nine in every class of thirty children are living in poverty. Poverty has been exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic, further entrenching inequalities in educational attainment. The Cost of the School Day project, developed by two charities, the Child Poverty Action Group and Children NorthEast, aimed to understand the barriers and challenges faced by poor children during the school day in the UK and use this evidence to help schools reduce costs and remove stigmatising practices to bring about a fair education for children. Starting with the assumption that activity is collective and governed by particular rules and divisions of labour, this paper analyses how partnerships within the project worked and ultimately led to change by looking at evidence produced in school reports, thereby improving the lives of children, young people and their families and enabling them to thrive and succeed.
A Tail Yet to be Told: The Fasciola Cinereum in Epilepsy
Authors: Yaser Sarah , Danzer Steve C.
Published: January 2025

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