bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DNA Profiling and the Challenges of Crime Management in Nigeria: The Case of The Nigeria Police Force
Authors: Nathaniel Nte Ucheawaji , Nte Ngboawaji Daniel , Enokie Bribena Kelvin , Bienose Onyeka
Published: June 2022

This research investigated DNA profiling and crime management in Nigeria. The major objective of the study was to find out whether the Nigeria Police are aware of how to use DNA optimally as a source of evidence in the investigation process. In Nigeria, the Nigeria Police is one of the leading agencies statutorily charged with the responsibility of providing internal security through fighting of crime. The police does this job by undertaking criminal investigation with a view to collecting evidence to be used for courtroom prosecution of criminal suspects. Since 1930 the Nigeria Police was established, it has relied mainly on the traditional (old school) method of criminal investigations based on eye witness testimonies and statements, the investigators sense of judgement and experience. Overwhelming evidence from this research points to the fact that the said method has proven ineffective, as may unsolved crimes, wrongful prosecution or conviction of innocent criminal suspects and failed courtroom prosecution litter the performance profiles of the Nigeria Police. The study concluded that the capacity level of the Nigeria Police to collect and preserve the DNA evidence as part of the agency's criminal investigation process and use same for courtroom prosecution has significant effect on the effort it makes to fight crime through DNA profiling, and that the availability or non availability of sophisticated DNA technology in Nigeria has significant effect on the effort the Nigeria police makes to fight crime through DNA profiling. The availability or non availability of a central DNA database in Nigeria has significant effect on the efforts of the Nigeria police makes to fight crime through DNA profiling.
Controversial Issues on the Making of Notarial Deed Containing Chained Promise (Beding Berantai) on the Freedom of Contract Principle
Authors: Tan David
Published: June 2022

In carrying out the duties as a civil law notary, it is possible that they find himself/herself composing a deed containing chained promise (beding berantai). Departing from this background, it can be drawn that the formulation of the problem, among others, how is the position of chained promise (beding) in Indonesian civil law order and how is the role of civil law notary balancing legal protection for the parties in making deed containing chained promise (beding). Another controversial issue is the chained beding faced with the freedom of contract principle. The purpose of this research is to understand the position of chained promise (beding) in Indonesian civil law order and the role of civil law notary balancing legal protection for the parties in making deed containing chained promise (beding). To answer the questions, a juridical normative approach is conducted. To obtain legal materials needed, it is then carried out by searching, collecting and reviewing library materials, legislation, research results, scientific works and other written documents. Data obtained from the result of study will then be analyzed qualitatively. From the results of study, it is known that chained promise (beding berantai) is an instrument or a way to transfer rights/obligations arising from an agreement to the party that obtains rights based on a special title. Recommendations given to the stakeholders are, namely civil law notary themselves in carrying out their duties and positions so that he/she could pay more attention to the points represented in his/her product of authentic (notarial) deed.
Legal Crisis and Trends of Mass Violence in Indonesia
Authors: Utari Indah Sri
Published: June 2022

This study aims to explore the reasons for the problems that trigger broader mass violence, both in the form of structural conditions in society as well as the factors that trigger crime and social dynamics that trigger mass violence. The main research method used is a qualitative approach to the type of research criminally. The results of the research show that at the end of this time the social integration ties that are owned by the community are not so strong that the provocateurs of violence in the community are able to ravage the solidarity that is intertwined within the community. The joints of democratic society which should function to normalize normal social-political interaction relations, in the end actually caused mass violence, such conditions create anomistic situations occur, members of society both individually and in groups are so easy to play their own way. Therefore, the legal institutions as a formal rule of the game and apply to everyone, are experiencing a crisis of authority. The fundamental reason why this happens is that there are often different legal decisions against each violator of the law. As a result, there is no certainty that the law is truly an objective norm that applies to all. People who have been relatively safe in the normalcy of their environment have turned into mutual suspicion. As a result of this, collective disappointment arises over legal institutions, so that losing motivation to obey the law people tend not to believe in the legal process, which results in acts of mass violence in the community.
Internationalization of Consumer Law: A Game Changer, Hans W. Micklitz and Mateja Durovic, Springer Nature Switzerland, 2017, 89 pages, ISBN 978-3-319-45312-5
Authors: Amrullah Rizqi Baktiara
Published: June 2022

The book is titled Internationalization of Consumer Law: A Game Changer Written by Hans W. Miclitz and Mateja Durovic published by Springer in 2017. The book mainly talks about how consumer law has been applied in most countries with their own different standards. It also talks about the problems that arose from the laws that has been applied but it doesnâ€™t provide solutions. The research conducted for this book only investigates how wide the application of consumer law is in the world. There are in total of 89 pages in this book divided into 6 chapters.
The Absolute Competence of the Industrial Relations Court in Resolving Employment Termination Disputes
Authors: Ndun Ivan , Helan Yohanes G. Tuba , Pekuwali Umbu Lily
Published: June 2022

Employment relations are subject to contracts agreed upon by employers and employees. Law Number 13 of 2003 clearly defined that employment relations as an agreement between an employer and their employees. The jurisdictional scope or competence of the Industrial Relations Court is further elaborated in Section 56 Law Number 2 of 2004. However, Section 56 Number Law 2 of 2004 has spurred further debate regarding the proper competence of the Industrial Relations Court, because, under this law, the Court has issued ineffective and inefficient court decisions. This research analyzed and criticized the competence of the Industrial Relations Court in presiding over the termination of employment contracts.  In analyzing this problem, this paper deploys the theory of competence, theories of justice and the rule of law, subjective justice, the competence of the Industrial Relations Court according to existing laws, and expert views on the contribution of existing literature towards the competence of the Industrial Relations Court. This research emphasized that an excess of laws governs the termination of employment contracts, which supposedly lies under the competence of the Industrial Relations Court. Hence, to protect the rights of employees in the context of industrial relations, a judicial review of Law Number 2 of 2004 on Manpower is required.
Water, Globalization, and Liberalization
Authors: Shoviani Ari , Rodiyah Rodiyah
Published: June 2022

Privatization, liberalization and globalization of water resources in Indonesia has become a complicated problem. In one hand, it will increase the economic values and investment but in the other hands it is contrary with the 1945 Constitution. Indonesian Water Resources Act has raised polemics and complaints from many parties, so that the proposed judicial review to the Constitutional Court. Finally, the Court cancelled this Act. This research is intended to analyse and describe the implementation of Water Resources Act that has been cancelled by the Court in the context of Friedman Theory, especially in Semarang City. The research emphasized and highlighted that the exploitation of water resources, as well as privatization and liberalization is not allowed by the 1945 Constitution.
Regional Financial Transparency Towards Independence of Development and Good Governance
Authors: Suryana Eka Pala , Akla Miftahul
Published: June 2022

The development of technology makes the era of information openness become one of crucial issues, especially in modern technology and globalization. The modernization and globalization also affected to government management which the e-government system is one of the obligatory things. This research analyzed and describe a comprehensive picture concerning to transparency in regional financial sectors. This research tried to seek how the implementation of regional financial transparency can support the concept of good governance in Indonesia. The research emphasized that on implementing the financial transparency, the community roles have a strategic position, as well as for NGOs and community groups. They directly affected to the successful of financial transparency in regional.
The Constitutional Court Ultra Petita as a Protection Form of Economic Rights in Pancasila Justice
Authors: Abra Emy Hajar , Wahanisa Rofi
Published: June 2022

Social justice concept has been clearly emphasized at Pancasila (the five fundamental values of Indonesia) as one of common values of Indonesia society. Pancasila also recognized as the philosophical grondslag which makes Pancasila as a reference of all Indonesian citizens and State Action, including in governance. The concept of social justice in Pancasila implies that any natural resource management that has the potential to prosper and affect the Indonesian people as a whole must be controlled by the State as well as used for the greatest prosperity of the people. This paper is intended to analyze, describe, and examine the Constitutional Court Decision concerning to social justice especially in terms of economic rights. This paper discusses various decisions of the Constitutional Court that are ultra petita. This paper illuminated and highlighted that in two Constitutional Court Decisions on Water Resources and the Decision on the Electricity Law and the Water Resources Law of the Constitutional Court in its decision to make an ultra petita decision by canceling the entire two laws, because that the article being tested is the heart of the law, thus seriously affecting the implementation of other articles in the law. Therefore, with the ultra petita decision, in the future, the Constitutional Court is expected to be more progressive and responsive in seeing the problems that occur, especially related to the basic economic needs of the Indonesian people. Because the Constitutional Court is the guardian of the constitution whose main function is to maintain Indonesia's highest legal order (constitution).
Constitutional Amendments: Making, Breaking and Changing Constitutions (2019). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 338 pages, ISBN 9780190640484
Authors: Bisariyadi Bisariyadi
Published: June 2022

When a constitutional judge willing to spend his time to give a review to a book, it is a great sign that the book has some appeals to offer. Yet, the book that is currently will be reviewed is not only discussed by one but two constitutional judges. At the end of November 2019, two constitutional judges, Saldi Isra and I Dewa Gede Palguna, discussed a book entitled â€œConstitutional Amendment: Making, Breaking and Changing Constitutionsâ€ written by Richard Albert. The attention to the book did not only appear in Indonesia. In the authorâ€™s origin, North America, the book received great acknowledgment from a wide range of legal and political scholars whom people often used to reference their works. Distinguished names like Bruce Ackerman, Tom Ginsburg, Ran Hirschl, Vicki Jackson and Mark Tushnet, encourage audiences to have a close examination of this recent Richard Albertâ€™s publication. Richard Albert, himself, is not a foreign name to political science communities, as well as constitutional law academics. Albert is one of the founders and editors of the International Journal of Constitutional Law (ICON). The book offers two distinct novelty as its strength. First, the book raised a very important issue in the constitutional discourse but rarely been discussed. the second strength of Albertâ€™s works is his mastery in capturing the constitutional amendment process in many countries around the globe and mapping them as well as structuring their similarities.
Bridging the Gap Between Cultural Relativism and Universality of Human Rights: Indonesia Attitudes
Authors: Pratiwi Cekli Setya
Published: June 2022

Debates on the universality of human rights and cultural relativism seem to be eternal and will continue to exist as societal dynamics bring different views, concepts, and understandings of human rights and culture. However, it cannot be denied that modern international human rights law which is currently being referred to and adopted by the international community, still creates gaps in the protection of human rights. Meanwhile, the development of cultural relativism in the 20th century is quite successful in bridging the gap between the two and contributing positively to the implementation of international human rights law at the domestic level. Nonetheless, the cultural relativism approach presents critiques and challenges. By using various secondary resources, this paper begins with the concept of, debates between, and challenges of cultural relativism and universality of human rights. The paper indicates that the contribution of cultural relativism can be seen from building tolerance and protection of communal rights, the rights of marginal groups, and the optimization of domestic law when dealing with some competingâ€™s rights. This is a good opportunity to reduce discriminatory actions against marginalized groups for maintaining tolerance and harmony in a plural society. The effectiveness of the application of "margin appreciation" in Europe should be the best practice to actualize "Asian values" or "African values" in formulating the concepts of "public morality" or "public order" clearly and precisely. The cultural relativism approach may not be used by a government to justify any human rights violation. Both of these are important considerations for Indonesia because of its ambiguous attitude in placing these two theories appropriately and purposefully.
The Progressive Mind on Corruption Eradication in Indonesia, A Book Review “Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi Perspektif Hukum Progresif”, Yudi Kristiana, Yogyakarta, 2016, 167 pages, ISBN 978-602-1351-55-0
Authors: Astuti Winda Indri
Published: June 2022

Progressive law was born out of anxiety over the operation of the law. This means that progressive law was born from the synthesis of the reality of the operation of law in Indonesia. It is on this basis that this progressive law lives. When legal workers succeed in maintaining the law in a way that is acceptable to society, then at that time the law becomes something that lives the soul and spirit that is maintained by law enforcement becomes a milestone of the death of the law itself. Progressive law can be identified through assumptions, components, goals, verification, spirit, progressiveness, study, contact with other theories, and the agenda of action.
Dimensions of Water Resources Regulation in Philosophy of Justice and Human Rights Perspective
Authors: Rideng I Wayan , Wijaya I Ketut Kasta Arya , Saripan Hartini
Published: June 2022

Management of water resources is closely related to the availability of access to clean water for the community and has direct implications for social justice and the fulfillment of basic human rights. However, various arrangements in the management of water resources in Indonesia are considered not in favor of the concept of justice and are more directed towards commercialization and capitalization. This research is intended to examine, analyze, and criticize laws and regulations related to water resources. By consdiering several multidisciplinary aspects in the laws and regulations in the field of water resources, including aspects of justice and human rights, this research also analyzes from the philosophical, legal, and sociological aspects. This research found and emphasize that the concept of Pancasila can be a legal political basis for the state's right to control water resources to be directed so that the management of water resources does not oppress those who are socially and economically weak, or the poor. The availability of water is constant, while the demand for water is increasing in quantity and quality, then what will happen is scarcity. At this stage of water scarcity, the principle of justice becomes very important in water management. Access to water justice is not individual or micro justice, but social or macro justice. Justice to get water as a human right cannot be left to everyone based on a market mechanism, but government intervention to ensure the fulfillment of the right to water, at least is very much needed.
Promoting the Good Governance by Advancing the Role of Parliamentarians and the Term Offices Limitation (Comparing Nigeria and Indonesia)
Authors: Jaja Tonye Clinton , Aditya Zaka Firma
Published: June 2022

In the 21st century new world order, there is growing interest more than ever before in issues related to democracy and good governance around the world. This is a reflection of the increasing acceptance of the fact that democracy and good governance are not a luxury, but a fundamental requirement to achieve sustainable development. Parliament as of the key state institutions in a democratic system of governance have a critical role to play in promoting democracy and good governance. As the democratically elected representatives of the people, parliaments have the honourable task to ensure good government by the people and for the people.  In the performance of their key functions of legislation, representation and oversight, parliaments encounter challenges that negatively affect their efforts in promoting democracy and good governance. The paper attempts to discuss the concept of parliamentary governance and the contribution of the parliament in consolidating democracy in Indonesia and Africa. This includes examining how parliaments respond to the growing public pressure for greater involvement, information, accountability and better service delivery to the citizens and the limitation of term offices ans one of the accountability processes. The paper argues that parliamentary governance is the basic parameter in assessing the progress of democracy in a country and concludes that lack of it is the source of poor governance with the attendant political, economic and social problems in a state.
Third-Party Risk in the Availability Payment: The Palapa Ring Western Package
Authors: Nathaniel Andrew William John , Dewi Yetty Komalasari , Sani Shatila Dhiyaannisaa
Published: June 2022

The Palapa Ring Western Package is the first Public Private Partnership infrastructure project in Indonesia implementing Availability Payment (AP). Prevailing regulations allow the Government Contracting Agency (GCA) and Implementing Business Entity (IBE) to determine the system of incentives and penalties of AP in their project contract. This research explores two main issues: (1) whether the IBE has obligation for contingent cost liabilities outside of the contractually determined AP amount in the occurrence of damage caused by a third party which interrupts or disrupts infrastructure service availability and (2) whether the GCA has the right to penalize AP amount to the IBE in the occurrence of damage by a third party which interrupts or disrupts service availability. By applying normative legal research using the statute approach, this research concludes that in this project, the IBE has obligation for contingent cost liabilities outside of contractually determined AP amount in the occurrence of damage by a third party and the GCA has the right to penalize AP amount if the IBE fails to maintain service availability. The contractual allocation of operational and maintenance risk to the IBE creates obligation to bear costs during the project lifetime including those due to third-party risk. Further, the use of formula to calculate AP to IBE is solely based on performance data in maintaining service availability according to contractually agreed standards. Thus, the use of AP in the Palapa Ring Western Package may be a point to reference for future Public Private Partnership infrastructure projects.
Translating the Meaning of Justice and Legal Protection: What exactly is justice?
Authors: Arifin Ridwan
Published: June 2022

Justice has many meanings, dimensions, and even approaches. Not only in one country, but universally justice could be the same concept on one side, but it could also be different on the other side. Various views on the concept of justice also differ, influenced by the development of society, culture, social, or even the ideology of a country
Metaficción en «El día que murió papá», de Silvia Aguilar Zéleny
Authors: Arias Sánchez Erika Aguedha , Velasco Zárate Kalinka , Pardo Fernández Rodrigo
Published: June 2022

This article analyzes the short story “El día que murió papa” [The day that father died], by Sylvia Aguilar-Zéleny in Nenitas (2013). It is suggested that the use of metafiction shows the characters’ inner borders. By breaking with the traditional notions of border literature and approaching it from a perspective beyond that of a geographical space or a linguistic phenomenon, the author problematizes the construction of the protagonists’ identity. Through metafiction and its linguistic concretion, she reflects on how different symbolic boundaries are manifested in this literature.
Testimonio y violencia en la novela Insensatez, de Horacio Castellanos
Authors: Murillo Ramírez Guillermo
Published: June 2022

The article analyzes the testimony and violence in the novel Insensatez, by Horacio Castellanos—considering his role of intellectual in testimonial intervention—the figure of the torturer, the violated bodies and the dehumanization of the indigenous community. Thus a contrast is established between the testimonies of the report Guatemala: Nunca más and those appearing in the novel, to determine the development of themes such as rationality, madness and power through the application of Cultural Studies.
Students’ Perception of Interacting with Native Speakers
Authors: Pizarro Chacón Ginneth
Published: June 2022

This analysis delves into learners’ experience when interacting with native speakers. These encounters reinforce the students’ learning process, going beyond classroom activities or one dialect. The main goal of this systematization of learners’ experience is integrating interaction with English native speakers into the course syllabus. This enables learners to acquire the target language spontaneously and develop their listening, speaking and reading skills. Some of the students’ difficulties are presented along with strategies to overcome them.
A dictionary of locutons from liturgical books by protopriest A. I. Nevostruev
Authors: Davydenkova Maria , Kaluzhnina Nadezhda , Strievskaya Olga , Vinogradova Natalia , Strievskaya Maria , Demidova Sofia
Published: June 2022

The Dictionary of Locutions from Liturgical Books by Protopriest A. Nevostruev, completed in the middle of the 19th century and never published, can be regarded both as a signifi cant achievement of Church Slavonic studies and as a valuable lexicographic source. The manuscript is kept in the Russian State Library. The decrepit state of the manuscript has determined the necessity of its urgent study and edition. The significance of this project is primarily due to the fact that the text of the dictionary is being made accessible to linguists for the fi rst time. The orthography and grammar of the dictionary refl ect the linguistic views of the time of its creation and can be of interest for those who study the history of Russian linguistics. This paper contains the next part of dictionary entries beginning in letter O. Characteristic features of the publication of this Dictionary, lists of sources, abbreviations and symbols were described in detail in the previous issues of St. Tikhon’s University Review. All previously published parts of the Dictionary together with the critical apparatus can be found at the website of St. Tikhon’s University for the Humanities: https://pstgu.ru/science/proects/slovarrecheniy-iz-bogosluzhebnykh-knig-prot-a-i-nevostrueva/
The dialect of Gammalsvenskby: compiling a dictionary of an unexplored language (-ṇ – о)
Authors: Mankov Alexander
Published: June 2022

This paper presents new material for the dictionary of the present-day dialect of Staroshvedkoye (Gammalsvenskby), the only Scandinavian dialect in the territory of the former Soviet Union. The present-day state of this dialect has not been described in linguistic literature. The only source of data on Gammalsvenskby is fi eldwork with speakers of the dialect. The main objective of this work is to present material recorded in the interviews in the most complete way possible and to describe the state of the vocabulary and infl ection in the dialect. The entries include the following information: type of infl ection; translation; phrases, sentences and short texts illustrating the usage (with initials of the informants). In many cases full paradigms are given as well. They include all phonetic and morphological forms that have occurred in the interviews.
Treatment and Epidemiology of Third-Generation Cephalosporin-Resistant Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Dasgupta-Tsinikas Shom , Zangwill Kenneth M. , Nielsen Katherine , Lee Rebecca , Friedlander Scott , Donovan Suzanne M. , Van Tam T. , Butler-Wu Susan M. , Batra Jagmohan S. , Yeh Sylvia H. ,   for the Resistant UTI in Children Study Team
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Limited data are available on the contemporary epidemiology, clinical management, and health care utilization for pediatric urinary tract infection (UTI) due to third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (G3CR) in the United States. The objective is to describe the epidemiology, antimicrobial treatment and response, and health care utilization associated with G3CR UTI.

METHODS

Multisite, matched cohort-control study including children with G3CR UTI versus non–G3CR UTI. UTI was defined as per American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines, and G3CR as resistance to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, or ceftazidime. We collected data from the acute phase of illness to 6 months thereafter.

RESULTS

Among 107 children with G3CR UTI and 206 non–G3CR UTI with documented assessment of response, the proportion with significant improvement on initial therapy was similar (52% vs 57%; odds ratio [OR], 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44–1.50). Patients with G3CR were more frequently hospitalized at presentation (38% vs 17%; OR, 3.03; 95% CI, 1.77–5.19). In the follow-up period, more patients with G3CR had urine cultures (75% vs 53%; OR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.33–5.24), antimicrobial treatment of any indication (53% vs 29%; OR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.47–5.39), and subspecialty consultation (23% vs 6%; OR, 4.52; 95% CI, 2.10–10.09). In multivariate analysis, previous systemic antimicrobial therapy remained a significant risk factor for G3CR UTI (adjusted OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.06–3.44).

CONCLUSIONS

We did not observe a significant difference in response to therapy between G3CR and susceptible UTI, but subsequent health care utilization was significantly increased.
Academic Careers in Advocacy: Aligning Institutional Values Through Use of an Advocacy Portfolio
Authors: Bode Sara M. , Hoffman Benjamin D. , Chapman Steven H. , Kaczorowski Jeffrey M. , Best Debra L. , Shah Anita N. , Nerlinger Abby L. , Barnard John A. , Loud Keith J. , Brophy Patrick , Reed Ann M. , Braner Dana
Published: June 2022

Academic children’s hospitals must embrace advocacy as a central component of their missions to discover new knowledge and improve the health of the communities and patients they serve. To do so, they must ensure faculty have both the tools and the opportunities to develop and articulate the work of advocacy as an academic endeavor. This can be accomplished by integrating the work of advocacy at the community and policy-change levels into the traditional value systems of academic medicine, especially the promotions process, to establish its legitimacy. Academic pediatric institutions can support this transformation through robust training and professional development programs and establishing opportunities, resources, and leadership positions in advocacy. The adoption of an advocacy portfolio can be used to align these activities and accomplishments to institutional values and promotion. This alignment is crucial to supporting the advocacy work of pediatricians at a time in which community engagement and systems and policy change must be added to professional activities to ensure optimal outcomes for all children.
Has the COVID-19 pandemic in Slovenia affected gender gap in paid and unpaid work?
Authors: Farčnik Daša , Istenič Tanja
Published: June 2022

Among other things, the COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected the use of time of individuals. The burdens seem to have been unequally distributed between men and women. This paper analyses gender differences in Slovenia in time spent on paid and unpaid work before and during the lockdown. The design of our study enables us to examine the change in time spent on 14 different activities in an average workday before and during the pandemic. We find that during the pandemic, the gender gap in paid work widened, meaning that men spent even more time on paid work compared to women. Men also began to cook, devoted more time to cleaning and spent significantly more time caring for children. Therefore, the gender gap in childcare, which was marginally significant before the pandemic, became insignificant. During the pandemic, women spent relatively more time on home maintenance, which in turn led to a narrowing of the gender gap in this activity.
Amount of credit and its variability as labor productivity determinants: Evidence from Hungary and Poland
Authors: Brzozowski Michał
Published: June 2022

Using annual sectoral data for Hungary and Poland covering the period of 2005–2016, this paper assesses the impact of credit market characteristics on labor productivity in manufacturing. Apart from the amount of loans extended to non-financial corporations, which has been extensively studied in the literature, it focuses on credit market stability and tightness. The main results are that the volatility of credit originating from the supply side of the market has a negative influence on labor productivity, while credit market tightness is insignificant. There is no robust evidence that the stock of credit is a critical productivity determinant.
Evolving trust in business relationships – A behavioural experiment
Authors: Gelei Andrea , Dobos Imre
Published: June 2022

Using situation-specific and dyadic data, we analyse how trust in inter-organisational relationships evolve over time. Based on a multidisciplinary approach, we define four trust-related concepts, which include both behavioural and perceptual aspects of this multifaceted phenomenon. We also develop the hypothesis that the behavioural consistency of the trustee affects the level of his/her trustworthiness as perceived by the trustor. To test this hypothesis, the paper specifies a finite Dynamic Trust Game that, in a unique way, models longer-term relationships characterised by interdependent actions between partners. In contrast to the simple Repeated Games modelling discrete exchange episodes, this game corresponds to the requirements of the interaction approach of the relationship management, since the iterations of the game are interrelated and embedded in previous ones.

Timely development of the behavioural variables in the game reflects an inverse U-shape with an increasing willingness to cooperate until round 8, with a maximum cooperation level of 80% on average. Behaviour seems to affect the perceived level of trustworthiness. However, we need additional experimental data on inconsistent behaviours to get a clear understanding of this effect.
Vías e itinerarios de formación profesional: la persistencia de la asociación entre bajo rendimiento y opción profesional
Authors: Merino-Pareja Rafael , García-Gracia Maribel
Published: June 2022

El objetivo del artículo es analizar el perfil de las personas jóvenes que acceden y transitan por la formación profesional después de la escuela obligatoria. Se han explotado los datos del registro de alumnado del Departamento de Educación de la Generalitat de Cataluña de la cohorte nacida en el año 2001, entre los cursos 2016-17 y 2019-20. Se han reconstruido los itinerarios del alumnado de formación profesional de grado medio a partir de una adaptación del diagrama de Lexis, y se ha comparado el perfil de este alumnado con el que accede a bachillerato a partir de una regresión logarítmica binomial. El principal hallazgo es que persiste una asociación muy fuerte entre bajo rendimiento o abandono de estudios y orientación hacia la formación profesional.
«El Philoctetes» (1764) del jesuita José Arnal: una recreación sofoclea
Authors: González-Delgado Ramiro
Published: June 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la tragedia El Philoctetes, adaptación de la obra sofoclea realizada por el jesuita turolense José Arnal (1729-1790), profesor, traductor de autores clásicos y poeta. Esta tragedia figura en algunos lugares como traducción; sin embargo, fue una adaptación de la obra griega que se realizó para ser representada en las Escuelas de Latinidad de Zaragoza a comienzos de los sesenta del siglo XVIII y publicada en Zaragoza, en 1764, antes de la expulsión de la Compañía de Jesús y doblemente reeditada, años más tarde, en Barcelona.
Fast Algorithm for Modularity-Based Graph Clustering
Authors: Shiokawa Hiroaki , Fujiwara Yasuhiro , Onizuka Makoto
Published: June 2022

In AI and Web communities, modularity-based graph clustering algorithms are being applied to various applications. However, existing algorithms are not applied to large graphs because they have to scan all vertices/edges iteratively. The goal of this paper is to efficiently compute clusters with high modularity from extremely large graphs with more than a few billion edges. The heart of our solution is to compute clusters by incrementally pruning unnecessary vertices/edges and optimizing the order of vertex selections. Our experiments show that our proposal outperforms all other modularity-based algorithms in terms of computation time, and it finds clusters with high modularity.
Learning to Efficiently Pursue Communication Goals on the Web with the GOSMR Architecture
Authors: Gold Kevin
Published: June 2022

We present GOSMR ("goal oriented scenario modeling robots"), a cognitive architecture designed to show coordinated, goal-directed behavior over the Internet, focusing on the web browser as a case study. The architecture combines a variety of artificial intelligence techniques, including planning, temporal difference learning, elementary reasoning over uncertainty, and natural language parsing, but is designed to be computationally lightweight. Its intended use is to be deployed on virtual machines in large-scale network experiments in which simulated users' adaptation in the face of resource denial should be intelligent but varied. The planning system performs temporal difference learning of action times, discounts goals according to hyperbolic discounting of time-to-completion and chance of success, takes into account the assertions of other agents, and separates abstract action from site-specific affordances. Our experiment, in which agents learn to prefer a social networking style site for sending and receiving messages, shows that utility-proportional goal selection is a reasonable alternative to Boltzmann goal selection for producing a rational mix of behavior.
Automatic Extraction of Efficient Axiom Sets from Large Knowledge Bases
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , Forbus Kenneth
Published: June 2022

Efficient reasoning in large knowledge bases is an important problem for AI systems. Hand-optimization of reasoning becomes impractical as KBs grow, and impossible as knowledge is automatically added via knowledge capture or machine learning. This paper describes a method for automatic extraction of axioms for efficient inference over large knowledge bases, given a set of query types and information about the types of facts in the KB currently as well as what might be learned. We use the highly right skewed distribution of predicate connectivity in large knowledge bases to prune intractable regions of the search space. We show the efficacy of these techniques via experiments using queries from a learning by reading system. Results show that these methods lead to an order of magnitude improvement in time with minimal loss in coverage.
An Agent Model for the Appraisal of Normative Events Based in In-Group and Out-Group Relations
Authors: Ferreira Nuno , Mascarenhas Samuel , Paiva Ana , Di Tosto Gennaro , Dignum Frank , Mc Breen John , Degens Nick , Hofstede Gert , Andrighetto Giulia , Conte Rosaria
Published: June 2022

Emotional synthetic characters are able to evaluate (appraise) events as positive or negative with their emotional states being triggered by several factors. Currently, the vast majority of  models for appraisal in synthetic characters consider factors related to the goals and preferences of the characters. We argue that appraisals that only take into consideration these "personal" factors are incomplete as other more social factors, such as the normative and the social context, including in-group and out-group relations, should be considered as well. Without them, moral emotions such as shame cannot be appraised, limiting the believability of the characters in certain situations. We present a model for the appraisal of characters' actions that evaluates whether actions by in-group and out-group members which conform, or not, to social norms generate different emotions depending on the social relations between the characters. The model was then implemented in an architecture for virtual agents and evaluated with humans. Results suggest that the emotions generated by our model are perceived by the participants, taking into account the social context and that participants experienced very similar emotions, both in type and intensity, to the emotions appraised and generated by the characters.
Video Saliency Detection via Dynamic Consistent Spatio-Temporal Attention Modelling
Authors: Zhong Sheng-hua , Liu Yan , Ren Feifei , Zhang Jinghuan , Ren Tongwei
Published: June 2022

Human vision system actively seeks salient regions and movements in video sequences to reduce the search effort. Modeling computational visual saliency map provides im-portant information for semantic understanding in many real world applications. In this paper, we propose a novel video saliency detection model for detecting the attended regions that correspond to both interesting objects and dominant motions in video sequences. In spatial saliency map, we in-herit the classical bottom-up spatial saliency map. In tem-poral saliency map, a novel optical flow model is proposed based on the dynamic consistency of motion. The spatial and the temporal saliency maps are constructed and further fused together to create a novel attention model. The pro-posed attention model is evaluated on three video datasets. Empirical validations demonstrate the salient regions de-tected by our dynamic consistent saliency map highlight the interesting objects effectively and efficiency. More im-portantly, the automatically video attended regions detected by proposed attention model are consistent with the ground truth saliency maps of eye movement data.
Complexity of Inferences in Polytree-shaped Semi-Qualitative Probabilistic Networks
Authors: De Campos Cassio , Cozman Fabio
Published: June 2022

Semi-qualitative probabilistic networks (SQPNs) merge two important graphical model formalisms: Bayesian networks and qualitative probabilistic networks. They provide a very general modeling framework by allowing the combination of numeric and qualitative assessments over a discrete domain, and can be compactly encoded by exploiting the same factorization of joint probability distributions that are behind the Bayesian networks.  This paper explores the computational complexity of semi-qualitative probabilistic networks, and takes the polytree-shaped networks as its main target. We show that the inference problem is coNP-Complete for binary polytrees with multiple observed nodes. We also show that inferences can be performed in time linear in the number of nodes if there is a single observed node. Because our proof is constructive, we obtain an efficient linear time algorithm for SQPNs under such assumptions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first exact polynomial-time algorithm for SQPNs. Together these results provide a clear picture of the inferential complexity in polytree-shaped SQPNs.
Instructor Rating Markets
Authors: Chakraborty Mithun , Das Sanmay , Lavoie Allen , Magdon-Ismail Malik , Naamad Yonatan
Published: June 2022

We describe the design of Instructor Rating Markets (IRMs) where human participants interact through intelligent automated market-makers in order to provide dynamic collective feedback to instructors on the progress of their classes. The markets are among the first to enable the empirical study of prediction markets where traders can affect the very outcomes they are trading on. More than 200 students across the Rensselaer campus participated in markets for ten classes in the Fall 2010 semester. In this paper, we describe how we designed these markets in order to elicit useful information, and analyze data from the deployment. We show that market prices convey useful information on future instructor ratings and contain significantly more information than do past ratings. The bulk of useful information contained in the price of a particular class is provided by students who are in that class, showing that the markets are serving to disseminate insider information. At the same time, we find little evidence of attempted manipulation by raters. The markets are also a laboratory for comparing different market designs and the resulting price dynamics, and we show how they can be used to compare market making algorithms.
Resolution and Parallelizability: Barriers to the Efficient Parallelization of SAT Solvers
Authors: Katsirelos George , Sabharwal Ashish , Samulowitz Horst , Simon Laurent
Published: June 2022

Recent attempts to create versions of Satisfiability (SAT) solversthat exploit parallel hardware and information sharing have met withlimited success. In fact,the most successful parallel solvers in recent competitions were basedon portfolio approaches with little to no exchange of informationbetween processors. This experience contradicts the apparentparallelizability of exploring a combinatorial search space. Wepresent evidence that this discrepancy can be explained by studyingSAT solvers through a proof complexity lens, as resolution refutationengines. Starting with theobservation that a recently studied measure of resolution proofs,namely depth, provides a (weak) upper bound to the best possiblespeedup achievable by such solvers, we empirically show the existenceof bottlenecks to parallelizability that resolution proofs typicallygenerated by SAT solvers exhibit. Further, we propose a new measureof parallelizability based on the best-case makespan of an offlineresource constrained scheduling problem. This measureexplicitly accounts for a bounded number of parallel processors andappears to empirically correlate with parallel speedups observed inpractice. Our findings suggest that efficient parallelization of SATsolvers is not simply a matter of designing the right clause sharingheuristics; even in the best case, it can be --- and indeed is ---hindered by the structure of the resolution proofs current SAT solverstypically produce.
Enforcing Meter in Finite-Length Markov Sequences
Authors: Roy Pierre , Pachet Francois
Published: June 2022

Markov processes are increasingly used to generate finite-length sequences that imitate a given style. However, Markov processes are notoriously difficult to control. Recently, Markov constraints have been introduced to give users some control on generated sequences. Markov constraints reformulate finite-length Markov sequence generation in the framework of constraint satisfaction (CSP). However, in practice, this approach is limited to local constraints and its performance is low for global constraints, such as cardinality or arithmetic constraints. This limitation prevents generated sequences to follow structural properties which are independent of the style, but inherent to the domain, such as meter. In this article, we introduce meter, a constraint that ensures a sequence is 1) Markovian with regards to a given corpus and 2) follows metrical rules expressed as cumulative cost functions. Additionally, meter can simultaneously enforce cardinality constraints. We propose a domain consistency algorithm whose complexity is pseudo-polynomial. This result is obtained thanks to a theorem on the growth of sumsets by Khovanskii. We illustrate our constraint on meter-constrained music generation problems that were so far not solvable by any other technique.
Structured Kernel-Based Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Kveton Branislav , Theocharous Georgios
Published: June 2022

Kernel-based reinforcement learning (KBRL) is a popular approach to learning non-parametric value function approximations. In this paper, we present structured KBRL, a paradigm for kernel-based RL that allows for modeling independencies in the transition and reward models of problems. Real-world problems often exhibit this structure and can be solved more efficiently when it is modeled. We make three contributions. First, we motivate our work, define a structured backup operator, and prove that it is a contraction. Second, we show how to evaluate our operator efficiently. Our analysis reveals that the fixed point of the operator is the optimal value function in a special factored MDP. Finally, we evaluate our method on a synthetic problem and compare it to two KBRL baselines. In most experiments, we learn better policies than the baselines from an order of magnitude less training data.