bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internal controls and credit risk relationship among banks in Europe
Authors: Akwaa-Sekyi Ellis Kofi , Gené Moreno Jordi
Published: January 2017

Purpose: The study purport to investigate the effectiveness of internal control mechanisms, investigate whether evidence of agency problem is found among banks in Europe and determine how internal controls affect credit risk.Design/methodology/approach: Panel data from 91 banks from 23 European Union countries were studied from 2008-2014. Hausman’s specification test suggest the use of fixed effects estimation technique of GLS. Quantitatively modelled data on 15 variables covering elements of internal controls, objectives of internal controls, agency problem, bank and country specific variables were used.Findings: There is still high credit risk in spite of measures being implemented by the European Central Bank. Banks have individual entity factors that increase or decrease credit risk. The study finds effective internal control systems because objectives of internal controls are achieved and significantly determine credit risk. Agency problem is confirmed due to significant positive relation with credit risk. There is significant effect of internal controls on credit risk with specific variables as risk assessment, return on average risk weighted assets, institutional ownership, bank size, inflation, interest rate and GDP.Research limitations/implications: Missing data prevented the use of strongly balanced panel. The lack of flexibility with using quantitative approach did not allow further scrutiny of the nature of variables. However, statistical tests were acceptable for the model used. The study has implications for management and owners of banks to be warry of agency problem because that provides incentive for reckless high risk transactions that may benefit the agent than the principal. Management must engage in actions that profile the company better and enhances value maximization. Rising default risk has tendency to impair corporate image leading to loss of reputational capital.Originality/value: The study provides the use of quantitative approach to measuring certain phenomena within the discipline of internal controls. The study adds to a previous study by same authors and confirming the agency problem in a different approach.
DIFICULDADES ESCOLARES EM CABINDA/ANGOLA: O QUE DIZEM AS MONOGRAFIAS?
Authors: Canhici Maria Helena , Gomes Maria de Fátima Cardoso
Published: January 2017

Este trabalho analisou duas monografias dos cursos de pedagogia e psicologia, do ISCED/UON/Cabinda/Angola. O estudo teve como base a perspectiva histórico-cultural, de Vygotski, articulada com o conceito de gênero de discurso, de Bakhtin. Nessas monografias, encontramos uma diversidade de sentidos e significados. Esses sentidos e significados aparecem como sinônimos de baixo rendimento, insucesso ou fracasso escolar e dificuldades de aprendizagem. Entretanto, apesar dessa diversidade, temos como denominador comum a concepção de que as dificuldades são individuais e de fundo biológico. Elas estão localizadas nos estudantes e em suas famílias. Desse modo, os processos de escolarização nessas escolas de Cabinda, embora incluam os alunos nas escolas, caminham para a exclusão dos mesmos, o que nos indica que as dificuldades não são necessariamente de aprendizagem, mas, sim, que estão nesse processo excludente de escolarização. Pois as monografias estudadas também apontam as condições precárias de funcionamento das escolas e da formação de professores, além das diferenças linguísticas entre a língua local e o português, língua que se fala e escreve nas escolas, como fatores que concorrem para a exclusão de grande parte dos alunos. Isso revela a dupla face da modernidade que, se, por um lado, integra os alunos dentro das escolas, por outro, exclui-os dos processos de ensino-aprendizagem quando tais estudantes manifestam diferenças socioculturais. Por meio de nossas análises, pudemos perceber que nas escolas de Cabinda, como em muitas escolas no Brasil, ensinam-se leitura, escrita e matemática como aquisições de habilidades individuais e não como atividades humanas, como nos ensinou Vygotski.
CENTROS DE ATENCIÓN PSICOSOCIAL: COMPARACIÓN ENTRE EL TRABAJO OFRECIDO Y LA LEGISLACIÓN
Authors: Alvarez Patricia Elizabeth Sanz
Published: January 2017

Os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial foram idealizados para substituir as práticas asilares predominantes nos hospitais psiquiátricos. A avaliação das práticas realizadas nesses serviços tornou-se fundamental na tentativa de garantir a qualidade da assistência ofertada aos usuários e de alcançar as metas do movimento da Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileira. Considerando tais aspectos o objetivo é descrever e analisar o tratamento psicossocial oferecido em quatro centros de atenção psicossocial de um município do nordeste brasileiro. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de triangulação metodológica que utilizou a análise documental da legislação vigente e a análise de conteúdo temático (Minayo, 2009) de entrevistas realizadas com profissionais dos serviços, com auxílio do software QDA MINER. Observaram-se processos de trabalho apoiados em pilares asilares: médico centrado e psicofarmacológico e dificuldade dos serviços em planejar ações desenvolvidas no território e focadas nos direitos dos usuários. No plano do cuidado foi percebido o distanciamento entre as práticas cotidianas dos profissionais e as normativas postuladas.
Etv5 Regulates IL-10 Production in Th Cells
Authors: Koh Byunghee , Hufford Matthew M. , Sun Xin , Kaplan Mark H.
Published: January 2017

IL-10 is an immunoregulatory cytokine that has broad effects across the immune system. In Th cell subsets, Th2 cells produce considerable amounts of IL-10. The transcription factors that regulate IL-10 production in Th2 cells are still incompletely described. In this study, we demonstrate that the ETS family transcription factor ETS variant (Etv)5 regulates IL-10 production in Th2 cells. T cell–specific Etv5-deficient and littermate control mice demonstrated that IL-10 production and gene expression were significantly decreased in the absence of Etv5. In an Aspergillus fumigatus extract–induced inflammation model, IL-10–producing CD4+ T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage and lung were significantly decreased in mice that lacked Etv5 in T cells, compared with control mice. We showed that Etv5 directly binds to the Il10 locus conserved noncoding sequence 3 site and that it activates gene expression in a luciferase reporter assay and following retroviral transduction. Etv5 deficiency did not affect the expression of other transcription factors known to be important for expression of IL-10, including Jun family members, GATA3, E4BP4, and IFN regulatory factor 4. However, in the absence of Etv5, binding of these transcription factors to the Il10 locus was dramatically reduced. Ectopic Etv5 expression in Th2 cells that lack Etv5 restored IL-10 production and the binding of IL-10–inducing transcription factors including E4BP4, IFN regulatory factor 4, and GATA3. Taken together, we conclude that Etv5 plays a crucial role in regulating IL-10 production in Th2 cells by facilitating the binding of IL-10–inducing transcription factors at the Il10 locus.
Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of ecosystem-based adaptation: Kamiesberg wetlands case study
Authors: Black David , Turpie Jane K , Rao Nalini
Published: January 2017

Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) is increasingly being promoted as a cost-effective means of adaptation to climate change. However, in spite of considerable international press, there is still little evidence to substantiate this claim. This study proposes a method through which the cost-effectiveness of EbA strategies can be evaluated against alternative adaptation options, and contributes to South African literature on the subject. The potential cost-effectiveness of wetland restoration is assessed as a means of securing the carrying capacity of land for pastoralist communities of the Kamiesberg communal area in South Africa under projected future climate conditions. The conventional alternatives would be to respond to increasingly dry conditions by drilling boreholes and using supplemental feed for livestock. It was assumed that the EbA interventions would occur upfront, whereas the alternatives are more likely to be implemented in reaction to droughts over a longer time period. The study found the implementation of conventional alternatives to be more cost-effective than EbA as a means to sustaining livestock stocking rates, with EbA being twice as costly. However, this is framed from the perspective of those directly affected (the landowners), and does not include the benefits to broader society.
Utopia 1516-2016
Authors: Ruler Han , Sissa Giulia , Bom Erik , Burms Albert , Dijn Herman , Kloeg Julien , Mey Tim
Published: January 2017

This year marks the five-hundredth anniversary of Thomas More's widely influential book Utopia, and this volume brings together a number of scholars to consider the book, its long afterlife, and specifically its effects on political activists over the centuries. In addition to thorough studies of Utopia itself, and appraisals of More's relationship with Erasmus, the book presents detailed studies of the effect of Utopia on early modern England and the Low Countries, as well as philosophical reflections on ideology and the utopian mind, and much more.
Niet controleren en navelstaren, maar ambachtelijk en natuurlijk kwalitatief onderzoeken?
Authors: Moerman Gerben
Published: January 2017

Niet controleren en navelstaren, maar ambachtelijk en natuurlijk kwalitatief onderzoeken?Boekbespreking: J. Beuving en G. de Vries (2015) Doing qualitative research: the craft of naturalistic inquiry.
Long-term change in the contributions of various source regions to surface ozone over Japan
Authors: Nagashima Tatsuya , Sudo Kengo , Akimoto Hajime , Kurokawa Junichi , Ohara Toshimasa
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The relative contributions of various source regions to the long-term (1980–2005) increasing trend in surface ozone (O3) over Japan were estimated by a series of tracer-tagging simulations using a global chemical transport model. The model well simulated the observed increasing trend of surface O3 including its seasonal variation and geographical features in Japan and demonstrated the relative roles of different source regions in forming this trend. Most of the simulated increasing trend of surface O3 over Japan (~ 97 %) was explained as the sum of trends in contributions of different regions to photochemical O3 production. The increasing trend in O3 produced in China accounted for 36 % of the total increasing trend and those in the other northeast Asian regions (the Korean Peninsula, coastal regions in East Asia, and Japan) each accounted for about 12–15 %. Furthermore, the contributions of O3 created in the entire free troposphere and in West, South, and Southeast Asian regions also increased; and their increasing trends accounted for 16 and 7 % of the total trend, respectively. The impact of interannual variations in climate, in methane concentration, and in emission of O3 precursors from different source regions on the relative contributions of O3 created in each region estimated above was also investigated. The variation of climate and the increase in methane concentration together caused the increase of photochemical O3 production in several regions, and represented about 19 % of the total increasing trend of surface O3 over Japan. The increase in emission of O3 precursors in China caused an increase of photochemical O3 production not only in China itself but also in the other northeast Asian regions and accounted for about 46 % of the total increase in surface O3 over Japan. Similarly, the relative impact of O3 precursor emission changes in the Korean Peninsula and Japan were estimated as about 16 and 4 % of the total increasing trend, respectively. The O3 precursor emission change in regions other than northeast Asia caused increases in surface O3 over Japan mainly through increasing photochemical O3 production in West, South, and Southeast Asia and the free troposphere, and accounted for about 16 % of the total.
Spin axis offset calibration on THEMIS using mirror modes
Authors: Frühauff Dennis , Plaschke Ferdinand , Glassmeier Karl-Heinz
Published: January 2017

Abstract. A newly developed method for determining spin axis offsets of magnetic field instruments on spacecraft is applied to THEMIS. The formerly used determination method, relying on solar wind Alfvénic fluctuations, was rarely applicable due to the orbital restrictions of the mission. With the new procedure, based on magnetic field observation of mirror modes in the magnetosheath, updated spin axis offsets can be estimated approximately once per year. Retrospective calibration of all THEMIS magnetic field measurements is thereby made possible. Since, up to this point, spin axis offsets could hardly ever be calculated due to the mission's orbits, this update represents a substantial improvement to the data. The approximate offset stability is estimated to be < 0.75 nT year−1 for the complete course of the mission.
Spatial variability of surface-water pCO2 and gas exchange in the
world's largest semi-enclosed estuarine system: St. Lawrence Estuary
(Canada)
Authors: Dinauer Ashley , Mucci Alfonso
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The incomplete spatial coverage of partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2 ) measurements across estuary types represents a significant knowledge gap in current regional- and global-scale estimates of estuarine CO2 emissions. The Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence (EGSL) at the lower limit of the subarctic region in eastern Canada is the largest estuarine system in the world, and is characterized by an exceptional richness in environmental diversity. It is among the world's most intensively studied estuaries, yet there are no published data on its surface-water pCO2 distribution. To fill this data gap, a comprehensive dataset was compiled from direct and indirect measurements of carbonate system parameters in the surface waters of the EGSL during the spring or summer of 2003–2016. The calculated pCO2 ranged from 435–765 μatm in the shallow, partially mixed Upper Estuary, 139–578 μatm in the deep, stratified Lower Estuary, and 207–478 μatm along the Laurentian Channel in the Gulf. Overall, at the time of sampling, the St. Lawrence Estuary served as a weak source of CO2 to the atmosphere, with an area-averaged CO2 degassing flux of 1.00 to 2.06 mmol C m−2 d−1 (0.37 to 0.75 mol C m−2 yr−1). A preliminary analysis of factors controlling the spatial variability of surface-water pCO2 reveals that respiration (Upper Estuary), photosynthesis (Lower Estuary), and temperature (Gulf) are dominant controls.
Vegetation controls on maximum coastal foredune hummockiness and annealing time
Authors: Goldstein Evan B. , Moore Laura J. , Durán Vinent Orencio
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Coastal foredunes serve as a primary defence against storms and high water events. Dune morphology can determine how a dune functions as a barrier to storm impacts. Hummocky foredunes – those with alongshore variability in dune crest elevation – may have a greater potential for breaching during storm events compared to continuous foredune ridges. Initially scattered dune-building plants and species that grow slowly in the lateral direction have been implicated as causes of foredune hummockiness. Our goal in this work is to understand the causes and dynamics of hummocky foredunes by examining vegetation characteristics. Using a numerical model, we explore how the initial configuration of vegetation and vegetation growth characteristics set the development and evolution of hummocky coastal dunes including the maximum hummockiness of a given dune field. We find that given sufficient time and absent external forcing, hummocky foredunes anneal to form continuous dune ridges. We develop a predictive rule for the timescale of annealing that depends on initial plant dispersal and two parameters that control the lateral and vertical growth of vegetation, respectively. Our findings suggest that whether or not hummockiness will be maintained depends on the time scale of annealing relative to the recurrence interval of high water events that reset dune-building in the low areas between hummocks. This relation explains the tendency for foredunes to be hummocky along the southeast coast of the U.S. where lateral vegetation growth rates, and thus annealing times, are likely longer.
VERMICOMPOSTING AT SCHOOL: A SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE FOR SOLID ORGANIC WASTE DISPOSAL
Authors: MAZAROTTO Edson José , SILVA Cristiane Bezerra
Published: January 2017

Diante da grande quantidade de lixo gerado diariamente e a sua destinação irregular, surge à preocupação de como lidar com estes resíduos de modo sustentável, que possa trazer benefícios não só para o meio ambiente como para a população. Neste contexto aplica-se a técnica da vermicompostagem, uma forma de transformar os resíduos orgânicos, que compõe a maior parte do lixo que produzimos, em húmus. Para realização da vermicompostagem, foram utilizados baldes plásticos que seriam descartados, minhocas da espécie Eisenia andrei e resíduos gerados na cantina da escola. Foi ministrada uma aula teórica inicialmente para nivelar o conhecimento dos alunos, em seguida foi realizada a prática, onde foi possível observar a forma correta de montagem e manutenção do vermicompostor. Os alunos foram avaliados pela resolução de um questionário antes e após as aulas. Os dados obtidos demonstraram o entendimento dos alunos quanto ao que é lixo, diferenças entre compostagem e vermicompostagem, o que pode ser compostado pelas minhocas e as vantagens da utilização da vermicompostagem. A utilização de ferramentas diferenciadas para o ensino, como recurso multimídia e aulas práticas, estimula os alunos a uma percepção mais ampla do conteúdo, facilitando seu aprendizado e formação do conhecimento científico, colaborando para que busque uma nova forma de agir frente aos temas abordados e se tratando de reciclagem, mudando suas práticas de separação de lixo e utilização em vermicompostagem.
A PHARMACIST'S CONTRIBUTION TO NATIONAL POLICY COMPLEMENTARY AND INTEGRATIVE PRACTICES
Authors: REIS D. R. P. , BURCI Lígia Moura , MONTRUCCHIO D. P. , ZANIN S. M. W. , DIAS J. F. G. , MIGUEL M. D.
Published: January 2017

A Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PNPIC) inserida no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) apresenta práticas não convencionais ao usuário como a Acupuntura, Homeopatia e Fitoterapia. Estas práticas podem ser desenvolvidas pelo farmacêutico, o qual pode auxiliar, beneficiando a sociedade. Assim, o presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a inclusão e a atuação do farmacêutico na Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares, com enfoque nestas práticas, por meio de uma pesquisa conceitual sobre as áreas de atuação do farmacêutico.
IMPORTANCE OF PHARMACOTHERAPY FOLLOW-UP ON HEALTH: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: FERREIRA Vinicius Lins , MELO Maria Ladjane Sodré de
Published: January 2017

A Atenção Farmacêutica favorece a obtenção de resultados efetivos na farmacoterapia. Dessa forma, o farmacêutico age visando o uso racional, o sucesso do tratamento, a adesão do paciente e o uso correto do medicamento, além de minimizar os erros de prescrição. O Seguimento Farmacoterapêutico funciona através da pesquisa, prevenção e resolução de Problemas Relacionados ao uso do Medicamento. Esse trabalho teve como objetivos produzir um artigo de revisão bibliográfica sobre Seguimento Farmacoterapêutico e incentivar a prática da Atenção Farmacêutica na saúde. Para tanto, utilizou-se a busca em diversas bases de dados. Entre os métodos mais utilizados estão o SOAP (Subjective, objective, assessment, plan), o TOM (Therapeutic Outcomes Monitoring), o Pharmacotherapy Workup e o Método Dáder.  Os quatro métodos foram detalhados quanto as metodologias e aplicações. Foram encontrados vários relatos que comprovam a melhoria dos resultados clínicos e resolução de Problemas Relacionados ao uso do Medicamentos, motivados pela prática da Atenção Farmacêutica. Todos os Seguimentos Farmacoterapêutico se mostraram eficazes na prática da atenção farmacêutica. Não foram encontrados parâmetros que comprovem diferença de desempenho entre esses métodos. Todos os modelos apresentam vantagens e desvantagens quando comparados. A escolha do método depende da formação e da prática profissional.
CELIAC DISEASE: INCIDENCE IN CHILDREN AND DIETARY ASPECTS
Authors: SANTOS Ana Maria Dos , ORLOSKI Ana Raíssa , PEREIRA Monalisa Benetelli , MAZUR Caryna Eurich
Published: January 2017

Objetivo: Verificar a incidência da doença celíaca na infância e a sua relação com a alimentação. Metodologia: A partir de buscas na literatura científica, em livros, textos e também e em documentos governamentais. Resultados: Existem três classificações de doença celíaca, sendo elas, a clássica (mais comum nos primeiros anos), não clássica (aparece tardiamente na infância) e assintomática. Seu diagnóstico é feito a partir do quadro clínico, biópsia jejunal e testes sorológicos. As manifestações ocorrem por meio de predisposição genética, fatores imunológicos e ambientais. É importante a atuação do nutricionista para orientar em relação a alimentação quanto a manipulação, leitura dos rótulos e alimentos que devem ser evitados. Conclusão: A partir de orientação e suplementação adequada desde o período gestacional e na infância, há amenização dos sintomas da doença celíaca.
SENSORY ANALYSIS AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL OF PHYTOCOSMETIC MOISTURIZER FORMULATED WITH OIL BURITI
Authors: TESCAROLLO Iara Lúcia , OLIVEIRA JEANE CAROLINE , MAIA LUDMILA DE OLIVEIRA , SOUZA ELIDA CRISTINA DE OLIVEIRA
Published: January 2017

Bases cremosas são muito utilizadas em farmácias de manipulação para incorporação de diversos ativos com variadas aplicabilidades. O uso de ativos da biodiversidade brasileira levou ao desenvolvimento de inúmeros produtos, nas mais diferentes formas cosméticas. O óleo de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.) tem se destacado no uso tópico em função de suas propriedades como lubrificar e regenerar a barreira hidrolipídica da pele frequentemente submetida a lesões. Buscando a tendência do uso de produtos naturais em preparações dermatológicas o objetivo deste trabalho visou a produção e avaliação de um fitocosmético hidratante contendo óleo de buriti. Três formulações foram produzidas (F1, F2 e F3) sendo submetidas à avaliação físico-química e estudo preditivo da estabilidade. A amostra F3 também foi submetida à análise sensorial a fim de se estabelecer o grau de aceitação da mesma entre os consumidores potenciais. As formulações propostas se mostraram agradáveis e adequadas sob aspecto sensorial. Os testes efetuados foram úteis na caracterização das formulações.
EXTRACTS OBTAINED OF PLANTS AS POTENTIAL SOURCE FOR TREATMENT OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
Authors: MARTINS Diego Wojciechowski , LIN Hsieh Tzung , PAULA Cristiane Da Silva
Published: January 2017

Alzheimer é uma doença neurodegenerativa progressiva e irreversível que causa perda de memória e distúrbios cognitivos comprometendo as atividades diárias do indivíduo. Foi realizado uma revisão de literatura sobre ensaios clínico em modelos animais e em humanos, sobre as novas perspectivas de tratamento da doença de Alzheimer utilizando extratos de plantas. As publicações foram selecionadas utilizando os descritores Alzheimer, pesquisa clínica, clinic research, extrato e extract, escritas em português e inglês, publicadas na Scielo, BVS, BTDT e Pubmed no período de janeiro de 2012 à janeiro de 2016. Foram encontradas 159 publicações, e destas 23 enquadravam-se nos critérios de inclusão do estudo, destas 4 apresentavam-se duplicados, restando então 19 estudos para análise. Dos 19 estudos, 3 foram classificados como estudo clínico e 16 como estudo in vivo. Na maior parte destes estudos foi utilizada a estratégia de reduzir ou remover a Aβ cerebrais, ou ainda, pela inibição da produção desse composto para combater a doença. Na maior parte das publicações analisadas que se baseavam nesta estratégia de tratamento, foram observados resultados relevantes. Com base nos dados obtidos, é possível observar a presença de extratos como fonte promissora para o tratamento da Doença de Alzheimer.
MANAGEMENT OF COUGH WITH OVER-THE-COUNTER DRUGS
Authors: PAULA Cristiane Da Silva
Published: January 2017

O Conselho Federal de Farmácia publicou no ano de 2013 a resolução que prevê que farmacêuticos possam prescrever medicamentos que não necessitem de receita médica para manejo de problemas de saúde auto-limitados, dentre eles a tosse aguda. Os medicamentos são formulações líquidas ou sólidas geralmente utilizadas por via oral contendo geralmente antitussígenos, expectorantes e mucolíticos, isolados ou em associações. Fármacos como o ambroxol, acetilcisteína, clobutinol, guaifenesina entre outros são classificados como de venda livre para o tratamento da tosse e podem ser prescritos pelo farmacêutico para os casos que não exigem encaminhamento ou avaliação médica. O paciente deve ser orientado com relação ao uso correto do medicamento e os resultados terapêuticos devem ser monitorados pelo farmacêutico que deve encaminha-lo ao médico caso os sintomas persistam.
LUNCH MENU ASSESSMENT OFFERED BY A POWER UNIT NUTRITION HOSPITAL
Authors: VIENCZ Thayna , SCHWARZ Kélin , VIEIRA Renata Leia Demario , GATTI Raquel Rosalva , MOURA Priscilla Negrão de
Published: January 2017

O papel de uma Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição Hospitalar é oferecer refeições de qualidade para manter e recuperar o estado de saúde dos pacientes, funcionários e acompanhantes. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar o porcionamento, as quilocalorias e macronutrientes das marmitas do almoço de uma Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição Hospitalar. Os dados foram coletados durante 14 dias de terça a sexta-feira. Para calcular as quilocalorias foi observado o preparo das refeições e utilizado o programa Avanutri e tabelas para Avaliação do Consumo Alimentar. Foram utilizadas duas balanças digitais com capacidade de 5 kg e 180 kg para as pesagens. O per capita foi obtido pela divisão da quantidade total de cada ingrediente pelo número de refeições servidas. Cinco marmitas foram pesadas diariamente para identificar as porções de cada uma das preparações e o peso total de cada marmita. As médias do porcionamento foram 65 g de feijão; 153 g de arroz; 101 g de prato proteico; 79 g de guarnição; 40 g de salada, totalizando em média 404 g. A média de quilocalorias foi 589, 29,45% do valor total de uma dieta padrão de 2000 kcal. Os carboidratos apresentaram valor abaixo do recomendado, 53,32%. As proteínas estiveram acima da recomendação com 21,67%. Apenas os lipídios ficaram dentro da recomendação de 25 a 30%. As quilocalorias encontraram-se abaixo do valor ideal de 35 a 40% do valor calórico total e o porcionamento das refeições não segue um padrão, mesmo apresentando valores muito semelhantes.
PERCEPTION OF BODY IMAGE AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: VICENTE Mariana Abe , BOCHNIAK Fabiane , BENNEMANN Gabriela Datsch , VIEIRA Daniele Gonçalves , FERMINO Camila Daniele
Published: January 2017

A gestação é um periodo de grandes modificações no corpo da mulher com consequentente alteração na percepção da imagem corporal. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a percepção da imagem corporal e estado nutricional de gestantes. Para estes foram utilizadas medidas antropometricas de peso e estatura, sendo no periodo gestacional estas medidas aferidas de acordo com Sisvan (2004), e periodo pré gestacional observado dados do Cartão da gestante. Para avaliar a percepção da imagem corporal foi utilizado o questionário Maternal Adjustment and Maternal Attitudes, o qual permite avaliar atitudes e ajustamento materno durante a gestação, contendo uma sub-escala com questionamentos sobre a avaliação da imagem corporal. Participaram do estudo 26 gestantes. A média do período gestacional foi de 26,9 semanas. A maioria das gestantes apresentaram eutrofia 11 (42,3%) em ambos os períodos, sendo que no período gestacional houve um aumento no percentual de obesas. Na avaliação da percepção da imagem corporal a questão que demonstrou percepção da imagem corporal mais negativa foi: “achou que seu corpo tinha um cheiro agradável? ”. O estado nutricional das participantes não teve modificações significantes entre os dois períodos, e a percepção da imagem corporal foi mais negativa durante a gestação.
ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY IN SEVERAL POINTS IN A SMALL TOURIST COMPLEX FROM PARANÁ STATE
Authors: COLTRO Cláudia Cristiane , DEGÁSPARI Cláudia Helena , STOCCO Fernando Barrachina
Published: January 2017

Numa busca aleatória de um local de recreação privado, mas aberto ao público, para analisar amostras de água fornecida aos consumidores, foi feita a escolha por um complexo turístico de pequeno porte no Estado do Paraná. O complexo dispõe de áreas de lazer e venda de alimentos e/ou refeições produzidas no local em cozinha apropriada. Foram coletadas amostras de sete pontos distintos: em duas caixas d’água, numa torneira da área de lazer, duas torneiras da área de processamento de alimentos, uma torneira externa a essa dependência e outra da área de balneabilidade. O método utilizado para análise de micro-organismos foi a técnica de Presença e Ausência (P/A), verificando presença de micro-organismos indicadores de contaminação (E. coli por exemplo). Foram feitas coletas em somente dois dias distintos, sendo que os resultados foram insatisfatórios para as amostras das duas torneiras da área de processamento de alimentos e da área de balneabilidade, por terem apresentado presença de micro-organismos indicadores de contaminação, bem como confirmada a presença de E. coli pelo método de Identificação de Enterobactérias; este resultado deveria ser ausente segundo os padrões de potabilidade descritos na Portaria 2.914/2011 do Ministério da Saúde. Este fato mostra-se preocupante, pois é grande o fluxo de turistas no local.
Permanencia en la pobreza laboral: la influencia de la pobreza pasada en la presente
Authors: Tejero Pérez Aroa
Published: January 2017

El estudio dinámico de la pobreza ofrece resultados que no seconsiguen con una perspectiva transversal. En este artículo se estudianlas causas que llevan a la permanencia en la situación de pobrezalaboral. El principal objetivo es el análisis de la probabilidad depermanecer en la pobreza de un año a otro, intentando determinar sison las características de los individuos o si son las experienciaspasadas en la pobreza lo que determina la probabilidad de sufrirpobreza laboral. Los resultados muestran que las personas que caen enla pobreza laboral en un momento determinado tienen másprobabilidades de experimentarla en el futuro, por lo que se detecta unmecanismo de dependencia de estado. Aun así, también hay algunascaracterísticas específi cas relacionadas con la pobreza laboral: lasasociadas al hogar o la recepción de bajos salarios.
Method for Diagnostics, Assessment, and Analysis of Investment Climate and Risks
Authors: Alexandrov Gennadii , Vyakina Irina , Skvortsova Galina
Published: January 2017

The paper suggests the author's method of analyzing the investment climate and assessing unsystematic investment risk. The authors propose an original non-traditional approach to the solution of two interrelated problems: investment climate diagnostics and investment risk level evaluation. The technique can be applied by both an investor for making an investment decision and an issuer for analyzing reasons of the low investment object attractiveness. It makes it possible to identify the barrier and restrictive factors determining a high risks and to develop measures to reduce them. The advanced algorithm, step-by-step methodology, and decision support system for assessing investment climate and unsystematic investment risk were described and formalized in the paper. Scientific and practical significance lies in the fact that the complex analysis and evaluation method proposed allows management decisions to be argued. the author’s technique will significantly reduce the role of the subjective factor caused by expert evaluation and uncertainty factors, improve the validity and reliability of the investment climate and risk assessments, and help to make an adequate decision about risk elimination.
Mining the Deep Seabed: Is Malaysia Ready?
Authors: Nik Fuad Nik Munirah , Wan Talaat Wan Izatul Asma , Mohd Rusli Mohd Hazmi
Published: January 2017

The mineral industry is expanding fast coinciding with the increase in demands. The depleting land-based minerals has led to the seeking of mineral resources especially from deep sea. Deep seabed minerals have high concentration of precious metal in comparison to land-based minerals. A lot of countries have started to explore and exploit the deep seabed minerals. Thus, it is necessary for Malaysia to commence on deep seabed mining exploration to reap its economic and technological benefits. Similarly, like land mining, the marine environment will face environmental degradation from deep seabed mining exploration. Being a State-party to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS 1982) and Convention of Biological Diversity 1994 (CBD), Malaysia has yet to develop a set of policies, regulations and laws related to deep seabed mining to mitigate its effect to the marine environment coinciding to the requirements of these conventions. The purpose of this study is to explore the preparedness of Malaysia to embark on exploration of deep seabed mining in areas beyond the national jurisdiction while observing the effects of deep seabed mining to the marine environment. The challenges in exploring the deep seabed mining as well as the relevant international and national laws related to deep seabed mining will also be observed in this study.
Teachers’ Experiences of Collaborating in School Teaching Teams
Authors: Liu Shih-Hsiung , Tsai Hsien-Chang
Published: January 2017

Teachers in numerous countries worldwide often confront education reforms in their career, in which, collaborating is considered a feasible approach to changing teachers’ traditional teaching philosophy. This study aims to examine Taiwanese teachers’ experiences of collaborating in school teaching teams. We invited six teachers from different schools for an interview. Afterward, we conducted two sessions of focus-group interviews with 18 participants from various roles in teaching teams as well as various geographical areas. The findings show that information exchanges of education works, uncoordinated processes of collaboration, and discussions not involving pedagogical knowledge are the general experiences on participating in the teaching teams. Certain barriers to teacher collaborations are from inadequate focuses during team discussions and a lack of curriculum leadership. Through experience-sharing, the participants considered that a focus on student learning during discussions and examples of practices for curriculum leadership were the key aspects for successful experiences in teacher collaborations.
Ciência política e religião, um caso de subestimação? Análise comparativa dos conteúdos das revistas de ciência política europeias entre 2010-2015.
Authors: Moniz Jorge Botelho
Published: January 2017

É extenso o coro de autores que afirma que a ciência política europeia e norte-americana foi incuriosa por não ter dado devida atenção ao fenômeno religioso no estudo dos acontecimentos políticos que marcaram o mundo, em particular, desde a década de 1970. O nosso trabalho pretende testar a validade desta asserção, analisando, para o efeito, os conteúdos das revistas de ciência política de um grupo de países europeus criteriosamente selecionados. Foram escolhidos nove periódicos científicos de seis países diferentes e analisadas quase 700 publicações da disciplina. Para reforçar a matriz comparativa do estudo, foram consultados mais de 750 artigos de revistas de sociologia e ciências sociais e de relações internacionais. A sua classificação foi feita mediante a introdução de critérios de análise operativos que nos permitem distinguir três tipos de unidades codificadas: as primárias (religião surge destacada), secundárias (função acessória) e as não classificadas (não considerada). O nosso período de observação se situa entre 2010 e 2015 e aí se verifica que, apesar de os cientistas políticos ocidentais continuarem subestimando a relevância dos assuntos religiosos e/ou de as revistas da área oferecerem pouco espaço a estes temas, o cenário não é tão negativo quanto o estado da arte denúncia.
Rethinking origin licensing
Authors: Bell Stephen P
Published: January 2017

Human cells that lack a subunit in their origin recognition complex are viable, which suggests the existence of alternative mechanisms to initiate DNA replication.
The Ineffectiveness of the Provision of Input on the Problematic Grammatical Feature of Articles
Authors: Morgan Gareth
Published: January 2017

This study examined the value of giving specific input on the use of articles on an undergraduate English for Academic Purposes (EAP) course. This topic was chosen as previous cohorts had generated a noticeable amount of errors in their use of articles, and developing written grammatical accuracy was one of the course’s aims. Participants were provided with input on the definite, indefinite and zero articles. This involved providing images of authentic article errors, and catering for the interpersonal learner, with emphasis on student: student interaction. Also, a newspaper article was incorporated to illustrate how grammar works at a textual level, and because research has shown that accuracy in the use of the definite article increases during contextualized tasks exploiting authentic materials learners can relate to. However, the lack of effectiveness of highlighting this grammatical feature is illustrated by the students’ post-input writing, which generated more errors than the pre-input task, pro rata. In the post-input essay, there was one error for every 25 of the noun phrases, the equivalent of an error every 131 words. In comparison, the rate of errors in the pre-input work was one in every 28 of the noun phrases, or an error every 153 words. Therefore, due to the 16.7% increase in post-input errors, in future, I will not focus on this grammatical feature when attempting to improve written accuracy.
Ca2+dynamics in zebrafish morphogenesis
Authors: Tsuruwaka Yusuke , Shimada Eriko , Tsutsui Kenta , Ogawa Tomohisa
Published: January 2017

Intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+) signaling is heavily involved in development, as illustrated by the use of a number of Ca2+indicators. However, continuous Ca2+patterns during morphogenesis have not yet been studied using fluorescence resonance energy transfer to track the Ca2+sensor. In the present study, we monitored Ca2+levels during zebrafish morphogenesis and differentiation with yellow cameleon, YC2.12. Our results show not only clear changes in Ca2+levels but also continuous Ca2+patterns at 24 hpf and later periods for the first time. Serial Ca2+dynamics during early pharyngula period (Prim-5-20; 24–33 hpf) was successfully observed with cameleon, which have not reported anywhere yet. In fact, high Ca2+level occurred concurrently with hindbrain development in segmentation and pharyngula periods. Ca2+patterns in the late gastrula through segmentation periods which were obtained with cameleon, were similar to those obtained previously with other Ca2+sensor. Our results suggested that the use of various Ca2+sensors may lead to novel findings in studies of Ca2+dynamics. We hope that these results will prove valuable for further research in Ca2+signaling.
The impact of parental investment on lifetime reproductive success in Iceland
Authors: Lynch Robert F. , Lynch Emily C.
Published: January 2017

Background

Demonstrating the impact that parents have on the fitness of their children is a crucial step towards understanding how parental investment has affected human evolution. Parents not only transfer genes to their children, they also influence their environments. By analyzing reproductive patterns within and between different categories of close relatives, this study provides insight into the genetic and environmental effects that parents have on the fitness of their offspring.

Methods

We use data spanning over two centuries from an exceptionally accurate Icelandic genealogy, Íslendingabók, to analyze the relationship between the fertility rates of close relatives. Also, using genetic data, we determine narrow sense heritability estimates (h2) to further explore the genetic impact on lifetime reproductive success. Finally, we construct four simulations to model the expected contribution of genes and resources on reproductive success.

Results

The relationship between the reproduction of all full sibling pairs was significant and positive across all birth decades (r = 0.19) while the reproductive relationship between parents and offspring was often negative across many decades and undetectable overall (r = 0.00) (Fig. 1 and Table 1). Meanwhile, genetic data among 8,456 pairs of full siblings revealed a narrow sense heritability estimate (h2) of 0.00 for lifetime reproductive success. A resources model (following the rule that resources are transmitted from parents to children, distributed equally among siblings, and are the only factor affecting reproductive success) revealed a similar trend: a negative relationship between parent and offspring reproduction (r =  − 0.35) but a positive relationship among full siblings (r = 0.28). The relationship between parent and offspring lifetime reproductive success (LRS) and full sibling LRS was strongly and positively correlated across time (r = 0.799,p < 0.001). Similarly, the LRS among full siblings was positively correlated with both the LRS among half siblings (r = 0.532,p = 0.011) and the relationship between the LRS of aunts and uncles with their nieces and nephews (r = 0.438,p = 0.042).

Discussion

We show that an individual’s lifetime reproductive success is best predicted by the reproduction of their full and half siblings, but not their parents, grandparents or aunts and uncles. Because all siblings share at least one parent, we believe parental investment has had an important impact on fitness. Overall, these results indicate that direct parental investment, but not genes, is likely to have had an important and persistent impact on lifetime reproductive success across more than two centuries of Icelandic history.
Classical biochemistry reveals the complexity of the mitochondrial protein import system
Authors: Dayan Dana , Azem Abdussalam
Published: January 2017

Read the original article at doi: 10.1002/1873-3468.12450
Bounds on the calving cliff height of marine terminating glaciers
Authors: Ma Yue , Tripathy Cory S. , Bassis Jeremy N.
Published: January 2017

Increased calving and rapid retreat of glaciers can contribute significantly to sea level rise, but the processes controlling glacier retreat remain poorly understood. We seek to improve our understanding of calving by investigating the stress field controlling tensile and shear failure using a 2‐D full‐Stokes finite element model. Using idealized rectangular geometries, we find that when rapidly sliding glaciers thin to near buoyancy, full thickness tensile failure occurs, similar to observations motivating height‐above‐buoyancy calving laws. In contrast, when glaciers are frozen to their beds, basal crevasse penetration is suppressed and calving is minimal. We also find that shear stresses are largest when glaciers are thickest. Together, the tensile and shear failure criteria map out a stable envelope in an ice‐thickness‐water‐depth diagram. The upper and lower bounds on cliff height can be incorporated into numerical ice sheet models as boundary conditions, thus bracketing the magnitude of calving rates in marine‐terminating glaciers.
Effects of topographic smoothing on the simulation of winter precipitation in High Mountain Asia
Authors: Cannon Forest , Carvalho Leila M. V. , Jones Charles , Norris Jesse , Bookhagen Bodo , Kiladis George N.
Published: January 2017

Numerous studies have projected future changes in High Mountain Asia water resources based on temperature and precipitation from global circulation models (GCMs) under future climate scenarios. Although the potential benefit of such studies is immense, coarse grid‐scale GCMs are unable to resolve High Mountain Asia's complex topography and thus have a biased representation of regional weather and climate. This study investigates biases in the simulation of physical mechanisms that generate snowfall and contribute to snowpack in High Mountain Asia in coarse topography experiments using the Weather Research and Forecasting model. Regional snowpack is event driven, thus 33 extreme winter orographic precipitation events are simulated at fine atmospheric resolution with 6.67 km resolution topography and smoothed 1.85° × 1.25° GCM topography. As with many modified topography experiments performed in other regions, the distribution of precipitation is highly dependent on first‐order orographic effects, which dominate regional meteorology. However, we demonstrate that topographic smoothing enhances circulation in simulated extratropical cyclones, with significant impacts on orographic precipitation. Despite precipitation reductions of 28% over the highest ranges, due to reduced ascent on windward slopes, total precipitation over the study domain increased by an average of 9% in smoothed topography experiments on account of intensified extratropical cyclone dynamics and cross‐barrier moisture flux. These findings identify an important source of bias in coarse‐resolution simulated precipitation in High Mountain Asia, with important implications for the application of GCMs toward projecting future hydroclimate in the region.
Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells based on a Perylene Monoimide Acceptor with a High Open‐Circuit Voltage of 1.3 V
Authors: Zhang Youdi , Guo Xia , Guo Bing , Su Wenyan , Zhang Maojie , Li Yongfang
Published: January 2017

Nonfullerene polymer solar cells (PSCs) are fabricated with a perylene monoimide‐based n‐type wide‐bandgap organic semiconductor PMI‐F‐PMI as an acceptor and a bithienyl‐benzodithiophene‐based wide‐bandgap copolymer PTZ1 as a donor. The PSCs based on PTZ1:PMI‐F‐PMI (2:1, w/w) with the treatment of a mixed solvent additive of 0.5% N‐methyl pyrrolidone and 0.5% diphenyl ether demonstrate a very high open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.3 V with a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6%. The high Voc of the PSCs is a result of the high‐lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of −3.42 eV of the PMI‐F‐PMI acceptor and the low‐lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of −5.31 eV of the polymer donor. Very interestingly, the exciton dissociation efficiency in the active layer is quite high, even though the LUMO and HOMO energy differences between the donor and acceptor materials are as small as ≈0.08 and 0.19 eV, respectively. The PCE of 6% is the highest for the PSCs with a Voc as high as 1.3 V. The results indicate that the active layer based on PTZ1/PMI‐F‐PMI can be used as the front layer in tandem PSCs for achieving high Voc over 2 V.
Elemental Sulfur and Molecular Iodine as Efficient Tools for Carbon‐Nitrogen Bond Formation through Redox Reactions
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Binh
Published: January 2017

Carbon‐nitrogen bonds are ubiquitous in organic chemistry. This review focuses on the formation of these important linkages and describes some recent advances in redox reactions that involve elemental sulfur and molecular iodine as excellent reagents and catalysts.