bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phosphogenesis during the Cenozoic transition from greenhouse to icehouse conditions: Upper Oligocene to lower Miocene siliceous, phosphate, and organic‐rich sediments near La Purísima, Baja California Sur, Mexico
Authors: Föllmi Karl B. , Schöllhorn Iris , Ulianov Alexey , Adatte Thierry , Spangenberg Jorge E. , de Kaenel Eric , Gertsch Brian , Schwennicke Tobias , Ledesma Maria C. , Grimm Kurt A. , Garrison Robert E.
Published: October 2018

Upper Oligocene and lower Miocene, siliceous, organic‐, and phosphate‐rich sediments are widespread in Baja California Sur (Mexico). A representative section at La Purísima was analysed for its sedimentology, stratigraphy, geochemistry, and mineralogy. A corresponding age model was obtained by dating zircons from ash layers (27.84 ± 0.33 to 21.21 ± 0.59 Ma). The sediments were deposited in an upwelling‐dominated, hemipelagic setting, for which the presence of lamination, the scarcity of benthic organisms (except for in gravity‐flow deposits), and redox‐sensitive trace‐element enrichments indicate oxygen‐depleted conditions. Anoxic conditions were particularly strong around 27 and 24–22 Ma. Gravity‐flow deposits are frequent and predominantly composed of phosphatic‐coated grains. They were generated by seismic and volcanic activity, as is indicated by the close association with volcanic ash layers. The phosphatic‐coated particles were formed in a more proximal, better‐oxygenated shelf environment. They precipitated also in situ within the hemipelagic sediments, where they were often concentrated by subsequent winnowing. In situ phosphogenesis also partly cemented the gravity‐flow deposits. At La Purísima, phosphogenesis occurred throughout the time interval investigated and was particularly important around 28–25.5 and 23.5–21.5 Ma. These two time intervals correspond to the late Oligocene glacial maximum and the Oligocene–Miocene and early Miocene glacial intervals Mi1 and Mi1a. This provides evidence for the increasing importance of glacial denudation during the Oligocene, which led to an enhanced phosphorus flux into the ocean. Cooler climates also promoted the efficient transfer of phosphorus to thermocline waters by increased upwelling. Subsidiary phases of phosphogenesis during the intervening warm periods are explained by the weathering of glacial legacy sediments. These observations suggest that during the transition from greenhouse to icehouse conditions in the Oligocene and Miocene, new and radical changes in the global phosphorus cycle affected and partly inverted feedback mechanisms between climate, geochemical cycles and life, and profoundly influenced the biosphere and its evolution.
Outcomes for patients with second primary malignancy after primary surgical treatment for early‐stage squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity
Authors: Suton Petar , Prpic Marin , Tarle Marko , Mamic Matija , Nikles Iva , Luksic Ivica
Published: October 2018

Background

The purpose of our article was to describe a tertiary center's experience with patients with primarily surgically treated early‐stage intraoral cancer with a second primary malignancy confirmed during follow‐up.

Methods

A total of 183 patients were primarily surgically treated for oral cancer between 2000 and 2004. Among these, 24 patients (13.1% (24/183)) met inclusion criteria.

Results

There were 22 men (91.7%) and 2 women (8.3%) with a median age of 59.5 years. Patients with head and neck cancer with a second primary malignancy had significantly higher survival compared to nonhead and neck cancer with a second primary malignancy. Patients with head and neck cancer with second primary malignancy were diagnosed during the period of 14 to 45 months (median 29 months), whereas nonhead and neck cancer with second primary malignancy occurred in a period of 7 to 46 months (median 19 months).

Conclusion

This study highlights the importance of optimizing screening strategies for second primary malignancies. In order to improve the survival of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), effective programs of screening and/or chemoprevention of second primary malignancies are essential.
Dynamic visualization of the recovery of mouse hepatobiliary metabolism to acetaminophen‐overdose damage
Authors: Li Feng‐Chieh , Lee Sheng‐Lin , Lin Hung‐Ming , Lin Chih‐Ju , Wang Sheng‐Shun , Lee Yu‐Yang , Lo Su‐Yen , Sun Tzu‐Lin , Chen Wei‐Liang , Lo Wen , Horton Nicholas , Xu Chris , Chiang Shu‐Jen , Chen Yang‐Fang , Lee Hsuan‐Shu , Dong Chen‐Yuan
Published: October 2018

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is one of the world's leading causes of drug‐induced hepatotoxicity. Although traditional methods such as histological imaging and biochemical assays have been successfully applied to evaluate the extent of APAP‐induced liver damage, detailed effect of how APAP overdose affect the recovery of hepatobiliary metabolism and is not completely understood. In this work, we used intravital multiphoton microscopy to image and quantify hepatobiliary metabolism of the probe 6‐carboxyfluorescein diacetate in APAP‐overdose mice. We analyzed hepatobiliary metabolism for up to 7 days following the overdose and found that the excretion of the probe molecule was the most rapid on Day 1 following APAP overdose and slowed down on Days 2 and 3. On Day 7, probe excretion capability has exceeded that of the normal mice, suggesting that newly regenerated hepatocytes have higher metabolic capabilities. Our approach may be further developed applied to studying drug‐induced hepatotoxicity in vivo.
Gait biomechanics after combined HTO‐ACL reconstruction versus HTO alone: A matched cohort study
Authors: Marriott Kendal , Birmingham Trevor B. , Pinto Ryan , Primeau Codie , Bryant Dianne , Degen Ryan , Giffin J. Robert
Published: October 2018

The purpose of the present study was to compare bilateral external knee moments during gait in patients with concomitant medial compartment knee OA, varus alignment and chronic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency who underwent either medial opening‐wedge high tibial osteotomy alone (HTO) or simultaneous HTO and ACL reconstruction (HTO‐ACLR). Fifty‐two patients (26 matched pairs) completed 3D gait analysis preoperatively and at a minimum 5 years postoperatively. Patients were matched for preoperative age, sex, body mass index and magnitude of correction. Primary outcomes selected a priori were the peak knee adduction moment (KAM) and knee flexion (KFM) moment during stance. Moments were compared using mixed model repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). For the peak KAM, there was a significant time by limb interaction. For both groups, there were similar reductions in the peak KAM 5 years postoperatively in the surgical limb only [−1.34 %BW × Ht (−1.71, −0.96) and −1.72 %BW × Ht (−1.99, −1.44) for HTO and HTO‐ACLR, respectively]. For the peak KFM, there was a significant time by group by limb interaction. There was a decrease in the peak KFM 5 years postoperatively in the HTO group [−0.88 %BW × Ht (−1.45, −0.31)] but not in the HTO‐ACLR group [0.03 %BW × Ht (−0.43, 0.48)]. These results suggest that individuals with medial knee OA, varus alignment and chronic ACL deficiency who undergo simultaneous medial opening‐wedge HTO and ACL reconstruction may not experience the same long‐term (5 year) changes in sagittal plane knee biomechanics observed in patients undergoing HTO alone. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
The interaction effect between vibrations and temperature simulating truck transport on the flavor stability of beer
Authors: Paternoster Alexander , Jaskula‐Goiris Barbara , De Causmaecker Brecht , Vanlanduit Steve , Springael Johan , Braet Johan , De Rouck Gert , De Cooman Luc
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND

Beer flavor stability is important to brewers as a result of the increased global demand for beer. Increasing export leads to prolonged periods of transportation and storage and causes fresh flavor deterioration. Therefore, the present study examined the effect of different temperatures in combination with vibrations on beer quality. Beer was exposed to vibrations (50 Hz, 15 m s−2, simulating transport) at 5, 30 and 45 °C for 22, 38 and 90 h and (for half the samples) aged for 60 days at 30 °C.

RESULTS

The results obtained indicated decreased oxygen concentrations as a result of an elevated temperature and vibrations. There was no effect (P > 0.05) on color and a limited effect of temperature and vibrations on iso‐α‐acids. The parameters temperature and vibrations have a significant influence (P < 0.05) on aldehyde concentrations, namely total aldehydes, and especially ‘2‐methylpropanal’, ‘2‐methylbutanal’ and ‘furfural’.

CONCLUSION

The impact of vibrations on the aldehydes concentrations was substantial when subjected to an elevated temperature. Furthermore, a forced aging test of shorter duration than traditional methods might be developed. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Photoionization and photofragmentation in mass spectrometry with visible and UV lasers
Authors: Gunzer Frank , Krüger Sascha , Grotemeyer Jürgen
Published: October 2018

Ever since the introduction of laser technology to the field of mass spectrometry, several disciplines evolved providing solutions to challenging scientific and analytical tasks in research and industry. Among these are techniques involving multiphoton ionization such as Resonance‐Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization (REMPI, R2PI) and Mass‐Analyzed Threshold Ionization (MATI) spectroscopy, a variant of Zero Kinetic Energy (ZEKE) spectroscopy, that possess the ability to selectively ionize certain preselected compounds out of complex mixtures, for example, environmental matrices, with a high level of efficiency. Another key feature of multiphoton ionization techniques is the ability to control the degree of fragmentation, whereas soft ionization is most highly appreciated in most applications. In cases where rich fragmentation patterns are desired for diagnostic purposes, Photodissociation mass spectrometry (PD‐MS) is applied successfully. PD‐MS allows for the cleavage of selected chemical bonds. With the introduction of chromophoric labels in PD‐MS, it became possible to target certain molecules or groups within a molecule. In this review article, an overview of the basic principles and experimental requirements of REMPI and MATI spectroscopy and PD mass spectrometry are given. By means of selected examples, the latest developments and application possibilities in this field over the past decade with special focus on the German research landscape are pointed out. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 38: 202–217, 2019.
Bioelectrical Impedance Phase Angle and Morbidity and Mortality in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Zamberlan Patrícia , Feferbaum Rubens , Doria Filho Ulysses , Brunow de Carvalho Werther , Figueiredo Delgado Artur
Published: October 2018

Background

Nutrition markers may be useful for diagnosis and monitoring and, also, as additional indicators of estimating death risk. We tested the association of body composition indicators (mid–upper arm circumference and phase angle) with pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) length of stay and mortality in critically ill pediatric patients.

Methods

Data from children aged 2 months–18 years were collected, and bioelectrical impedance was performed to obtain phase angle. Severity was evaluated by scoring the Pediatric Index of Mortality. Descriptive statistics were reported for nominal variables. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the association of phase angle with 30‐day mortality and to find the best cutoff. Survival probabilities and PICU length of stay were estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method.

Results

We evaluated 247 children with a median age of 4.8 years whose main cause of admission was sepsis. Survival curves showed higher survival in patients with phase angle >2.8° compared with patients with phase angle ≤2.8° (P < .0001). Kaplan‐Meier time‐to‐event analysis showed that children with lower phase angle values were more likely to remain in the PICU (hazard ratio, 1.84; P = .003). Lower survival was also observed in patients who presented mid–upper arm circumference values ≤5th percentile (P < .03).

Conclusions

Mid–upper arm circumference and phase angle were associated with mortality and morbidity in critically ill children, suggesting that these parameters may be useful not only for nutrition diagnosis and monitoring, but also as an additional indicator in estimating prognosis.
Energy‐Intensive Random Block Copolymers of 3,3‐Bis (Nitratomethyl) Oxetane and 3‐Azidomethyl‐3‐ Methyloxetane
Authors: Mukhametshin Timur I. , Sharipov Rail I. , Petrov Vladimir A. , Kostochko Anatoly V. , Vinogradov Dmitry B. , Bulatov Pavel V.
Published: October 2018

Copolymerization of 3,3‐bis (nitratomethyl) oxetane and 3‐azidomethyl‐3‐methyloxetane was carried out in the presence of the triisobutyl‐aluminum‐water catalyst system. The structure of synthesized high‐molecular copolymers was proven with 13C and 1H NMR, IR‐Fourier spectroscopy, GPC, and elemental analysis. The data on relaxation and phase transitions as well as the thermal decomposition of copolymers were obtained using the DSC method.
Integrating Graphene/MoS2 Heterostructure with SiNx Waveguide for Visible Light Detection at 532 nm Wavelength
Authors: Wu Zeru , Zhang Tianyou , Chen Yujie , Zhang Yanfeng , Yu Siyuan
Published: October 2018

In this work, a silicon nitride waveguide‐integrated photodetector based on a transferred graphene/MoS2 heterostructure has been reported, where photo‐generated electron–hole pairs are produced in the CVD‐grown MoS2 monolayer and rapidly separated at the heterostructure interface, followed by electrons continuously transferring to the graphene layer induced by an effective built‐in electrical field. By tuning the back‐gate voltage to control the Fermi‐level in graphene layer, a competitive photoresponsivity of 440 mA W−1 at 532 nm is achieved. Furthermore, these exhibit a photoresponse rate with a rise time of 80 ms and a fall time of 30 ms. It is believed that the 2D heterostructure has potentials for future applications in integrated optoelectronic circuits.
Deep Insight Into the Electronic Structure of Ternary Topological Insulators: A Comparative Study of PbBi4Te7 and PbBi6Te10
Authors: Pacilè D. , Eremeev S. V. , Caputo M. , Pisarra M. , De Luca O. , Grimaldi I. , Fujii J. , Aliev Z. S. , Babanly M. B. , Vobornik I. , Agostino R. G. , Goldoni A. , Chulkov E. V. , Papagno M.
Published: October 2018

By means of angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements, the electronic band structure of the three‐dimensional PbBi4Te7 and PbBi6Te10 topological insulators is compared. The measurements clearly reveal coexisting topological and multiple Rashba‐like split states close to the Fermi level for both systems. The observed topological states derive from different surface terminations, as confirmed by scanning tunneling microscopy measurements, and are well‐described by the density functional theory simulations. Both the topological and the Rashba‐like states reveal a prevalent two‐dimensional character barely affected by air exposure. X‐ray and valence band photoemission measurements suggest Rashba‐like states stem from the van der Waals gap expansion, consistently with density functional theory calculations.
Uncertainty and scale interactions in ocean ensembles: From seasonal forecasts to multidecadal climate predictions
Authors: Zanna L. , Brankart J. M. , Huber M. , Leroux S. , Penduff T. , Williams P. D.
Published: October 2018

The ocean plays an important role in the climate system on time‐scales of weeks to centuries. Despite improvements in ocean models, dynamical processes involving multiscale interactions remain poorly represented, leading to errors in forecasts. We present recent advances in understanding, quantifying, and representing physical and numerical sources of uncertainty in novel regional and global ocean ensembles at different horizontal resolutions. At coarse resolution, uncertainty in 21st century projections of the upper overturning cell in the Atlantic is mostly a result of buoyancy fluxes, while the uncertainty in projections of the bottom cell is driven equally by both wind and buoyancy flux uncertainty. In addition, freshwater and heat fluxes are the largest contributors to Atlantic Ocean heat content regional projections and their uncertainties, mostly as a result of uncertain ocean circulation projections. At both coarse and eddy‐permitting resolutions, unresolved stochastic temperature and salinity fluctuations can lead to significant changes in large‐scale density across the Gulf Stream front, therefore leading to major changes in large‐scale transport. These perturbations can have an impact on the ensemble spread on monthly time‐scales and subsequently interact nonlinearly with the dynamics of the flow, generating chaotic variability on multiannual time‐scales. In the Gulf Stream region, the ratio of chaotic variability to atmospheric‐forced variability in meridional heat transport is larger than 50% on time‐scales shorter than 2 years, while between 40 and 48°S the ratio exceeds 50% on on time‐scales up to 28 years. Based on these simulations, we show that air–sea interaction and ocean subgrid eddies remain an important source of error for simulating and predicting ocean circulation, sea level, and heat uptake on a range of spatial and temporal scales. We discuss how further refinement of these ensembles can help us assess the relative importance of oceanic versus atmospheric uncertainty in weather and climate.
Percentile‐based control chart design with an application to Shewhart X̅ and S2 control charts
Authors: Faraz Alireza , Saniga Erwin , Montgomery Douglas
Published: October 2018

We present a method to design control charts such that in‐control and out‐of‐control run lengths are guaranteed with prespecified probabilities. We call this method the percentile‐based approach to control chart design. This method is an improvement over the classical and popular statistical design approach employing constraints on in‐control and out‐of‐control average run lengths since we can ensure with prespecified probability that the actual in‐control run length exceeds a desired magnitude. Similarly, we can ensure that the out‐of‐control run length is less than a desired magnitude with prespecified probability. Some numerical examples illustrate the efficacy of this design method.
Exploring the role of quantum‐mechanical descriptors in the concentration‐dependent adsorption of aromatic organic compounds by multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Lata Suman , Vikas
Published: October 2018

An accurate quantitative prediction for concentration‐dependent adsorption of organic compounds by carbon‐nanotubes (CNTs) is increasingly in demand to evaluate not only their applications but also risk associated using CNTs. This is often carried out using poly‐parameter linear‐solvation‐energy‐relationships (pp‐LSERs) based on adsorbate descriptors. This work examines the predictivity of existing pp‐LSERs in the prediction of adsorption of aromatic organic compounds by multi‐walled CNTs (MWCNTs) at five different adsorbate concentrations, and compares that with the predictivity of quantum‐mechanical models while revealing an essential role of electron‐correlation. Notably, the most influencing descriptor for the adsorption was found to be the mean polarizability but that arising from the quantum‐mechanical exchange interactions between electrons of the same spin. This work also proposes reliable predictive models based on a combination of the quantum‐mechanical descriptors and pp‐LSER's descriptors, which were applied to predict the adsorption of nucleobases and steroid hormones, with Progesterone found to be maximally adsorbed.
Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Biomolecular Interaction of Novel Acenaphtho Quinoxaline and Dipyridophenazine Analogues
Authors: De Sourav , Sarkar Bidisha , Jadhav Gajanan Raosaheb , Ramasamy Selva Kumar , Banerjee Subhasis , Moorthy Anbalagan , Paira Priyankar , K Ashok Kumar S
Published: October 2018

In this report, two different types of quinoxaline derivatives have been developed with an idea that these molecules are composed of planar structure with extensive π‐delocalization. Accordingly, compounds such as 9‐bromoacenaphtho [1,2‐b]quinoxaline (3), 4‐(acenaphtho [1,2‐b] quinoxalin‐9‐yl) benzaldehyde (5), 11‐bromodipyrido [3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c] phenazine (3′) and 4‐(dipyrido [3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c] phenazin‐11‐yl) benzaldehyde (5′) were prepared by a sonication method. In order to prove these compounds as potential anticancer agents, binding studies with calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid (CT‐DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) have been established by absorption and fluorescence studies. The DNA interaction with prepared compounds shows that quinoxaline (3 and 5) and phenazine derivatives (3′ and 5′) are bind to DNA through intercalation and electrostatic modes. The binding strength of 3′ and 5′ with DNA found to be stronger than other two derivatives (3 and 5). The magnitude of 5 and 5′ exhibits 10‐fold more binding efficacy with protein BSA than compound 3′ but compound 3 did not show any binding efficacy with BSA. The MTT (3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) analysis reveals that 5′ exhibits highly selective cytotoxicity profile in HeLa cell line and moderate cytoselectivity in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco‐2) cell line with respect to the normal cell line. However, compound 3 showed best potency and selectivity in Caco‐2 cells.
A Computational Study on the 4‐Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP)‐Catalyzed Regioselective [2+4] Cyclization of Allenic Ester with Cyclic Ketimine
Authors: Liu Qiuli , Li Shi‐Jun , Li. Xue , Qu Ling‐Bo , Wei Donghui
Published: October 2018

The reaction mechanisms of [2+4] cyclization of allenic ester and cyclic ketimine catalyzed by 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) for forming highly functionalized hydropyridine derivatives were studied theoretically using density functional theory (DFT). Three possible reaction channels, including DMAP‐catalyzed [β,γ]–/[α,β]–[2+4] cyclization channel (i. e., channel A/B) and direct [β,γ]–[2+4] cyclization channel (i. e., channel C) were considered. According to the calculated results, channel A was concluded to be the most energetically favorable among the three channels, and the corresponding product is the main product, which is consistent with the experimental observation. The channel A consists of four steps, i. e., nucleophilic addition on the Cβ atom of allenic ester by DMAP, the stepwise [β,γ]–[2+4] cyclization with ketimine, and the dissociation of DMAP with product. The analyses of global reactivity index (GRI) and frontier molecular orbital (FMO) suggested that DMAP not only enhances the nucleophilicity of allenic ester but also narrows the energy gap of the FMOs involved in the [2+4] cyclization, and thus makes the reaction more easily to occur. Moreover, the non‐covalent interaction (NCI) analysis explored the origin of regioselectivity of the reaction.
Monocoordinated Diphosphines Dangling in Pt(II) Complexes: Effective Synthons for Polynuclear Platinum Compounds
Authors: Giannetto Antonino , Lanza Santo
Published: October 2018

[(HEt2DTO)PhPt(Me2SO)] reacts with diphenylphosphinomethane and provides the metalloligand [(HEt2DTO)PhPt(dppm‐κP)] (1) (HEt2DTO−, N,N’‐diethyldithiooxamidate; Ph=phenyl; dppm=bis(diphenylphosphino)methane). The uncoordinated phosphorous of the dangling dppm in 1 reacts with complexes as metal [(HEt2DTO)PhPt(Me2SO)] (equimolar quantity) and cis‐[Pt(Me2SO)2Ph2] (half molar quantity) leading to the homobinuclear [(HEt2DTO)PtPh]2(μ‐dppm) (2) and the homo‐trinuclear [(HEt2DTO)PtPh]2(cis‐[PtPh2(μ‐dppm)2]) (3) complexes. 31P and 195Pt NMR analysis was particularly useful for the characterization of these complexes. In the multinuclear complexes 2 and 3 the terminal N‐H…N moieties of the S,S‐coordinated dithioxamidates may also be exploited to coordinate further metal fragments.
Soft, Skin‐Interfaced Microfluidic Systems with Wireless, Battery‐Free Electronics for Digital, Real‐Time Tracking of Sweat Loss and Electrolyte Composition
Authors: Kim Sung Bong , Lee KunHyuck , Raj Milan S. , Lee Boram , Reeder Jonathan T. , Koo Jahyun , Hourlier‐Fargette Aurélie , Bandodkar Amay J. , Won Sang Min , Sekine Yurina , Choi Jungil , Zhang Yi , Yoon Jangryeol , Kim Bong Hoon , Yun Yeojeong , Lee Seojin , Shin Jiho , Kim Jeonghyun , Ghaffari Roozbeh , Rogers John A.
Published: October 2018

Sweat excretion is a dynamic physiological process that varies with body position, activity level, environmental factors, and health status. Conventional means for measuring the properties of sweat yield accurate results but their requirements for sampling and analytics do not allow for use in the field. Emerging wearable devices offer significant advantages over existing approaches, but each has significant drawbacks associated with bulk and weight, inability to quantify volumetric sweat rate and loss, robustness, and/or inadequate accuracy in biochemical analysis. This paper presents a thin, miniaturized, skin‐interfaced microfluidic technology that includes a reusable, battery‐free electronics module for measuring sweat conductivity and rate in real‐time using wireless power from and data communication to electronic devices with capabilities in near field communications (NFC), including most smartphones. The platform exploits ultrathin electrodes integrated within a collection of microchannels as interfaces to circuits that leverage NFC protocols. The resulting capabilities are complementary to those of previously reported colorimetric strategies. Systematic studies of these combined microfluidic/electronic systems, accurate correlations of measurements performed with them to those of laboratory standard instrumentation, and field tests on human subjects exercising and at rest establish the key operational features and their utility in sweat analytics.
Behaviors of capacitive and Pirani vacuum gauges
Authors: Zavarian Ali Asghar , Arman Ali , Ghotbi S. M. Jamal , Korpi Alireza Grayeli , Salehi Maryam , Mardani Mohsen , Hafezi Fatemeh , Shafiekhani Azizollah , Ţălu Ştefan , Afghan Ashkan Sepehr
Published: October 2018

Knowing the exact pressure of the process has a great impact on the validity of the results, product quality, energy efficiency, and in some processes, on the security of work with the system. Hence, the calibration of the barometers and the accuracy of the readings should be taken seriously. Choosing the appropriate time interval for re‐calibration is done according to the extent and conditions of use, uncertainty, and the inaccuracy allowed in measurement, constructive suggestion, and some other things. Failure to pay attention to the importance of periodic calibration in vacuum gauges leads to some irreparable losses in the research project and the vacuum generator system. In this study, using McLeod's barometer, the deviation of capacitive and Pirani vacuum gauges is investigated at different time intervals in the middle vacuum range, and it is determined that the vacuum gauge faces a serious deviation from the actual calibrated amount for upper and lower ranges of middle vacuum in the same working pressure range over time.
Flüssigkeitsring‐Vakuumpumpen
Authors: Merkle Uli
Published: October 2018

Liquid ring vacuum pumps – Oldtimers of vacuum technology and yet highly up‐to‐date

Liquid ring vacuum pumps were developed over a hundred years ago. In the meantime, vacuum technology has evolved considerably and offers optimum economic and technical solutions for a wide variety of applications. However, liquid ring vacuum technology still has its reason for existence and is the most suitable principle for vacuum generation in some applications. Thanks to its functionality it is perfectly suited for the extraction of humid gases or vapours. Due to the use of process‐compatible operating fluid and the possibility of different construction materials, it can be perfectly matched to different operating fluids and process conditions. In addition, it is available in many sizes on the market and can therefore extract very small and very high quantities of gas and vapour.
Atomic Scale Insights into Single‐Atom Catalysis
Authors: Parkinson Gareth S.
Published: October 2018

“Single‐Atom” Catalysis (SAC) is a rapidly emerging field aimed at minimizing the amount of precious metals required to perform important catalytic reactions. Modern heterogeneous catalysts already utilize nanoparticles containing 100s to 1000s of atoms on an inexpensive support, but the dream of SAC is to do the same chemistry with single atoms. The concept is firmly entrenched, and SAC systems have demonstrated activity for a variety of reaction, metal, and support combinations. Nevertheless, the topic remains controversial because it is extremely difficult to characterize a catalyst based on single atom active sites, and even harder to figure out how they work. In our group in Vienna, we study model SAC systems in a highly controlled ultrahigh vacuum environment using a variety of state‐of‐the‐art surface‐science techniques to discover what makes a stable single atom catalyst, the mechanisms underlying their catalytic activity, and the processes leading to their deactivation.
LHC searches for top-philic Kaluza-Klein graviton
Authors: Geng Chao-Qiang , Huang Da , Yamashita Kimiko
Published: October 2018

Abstract

We study the phenomenology of a massive graviton G with non-universal couplings to the Standard Model (SM) particles. Such a particle can arise as a warped Kaluza-Klein graviton from a framework of the Randall-Sundrum extra-dimension model. In particular, we consider a case in which G is top-philic, i.e., G interacts strongly with the right-handed top quark, resulting in the large top-loop contributions to its production via the gluon fusion and its decays to the SM gauge bosons. We take into account the constraints from the current 13 TeV LHC data on the channels of

$$ t\overline{t} $$

t

t
¯

, γγ, jj(gg), γZ, and ZZ. Consequently, it is found that the strongest limit for this spin-2 resonance G comes from the

$$ t\overline{t} $$

t

t
¯

pair search, which constrains the cutoff scale to be of

$$ \mathcal{O} $$

O

(100 GeV) for the right-top coupling of

$$ \mathcal{O} $$

O

(1) and the massive graviton mass in the range m

G
= 2–5 TeV, significantly relaxed compared with the universal G coupling case.
Physical and mechanical properties of hot-press sintering ternary CM2A8 (CaMg2Al16O27) and C2M2A14 (Ca2Mg2Al28O46) ceramics
Authors: Li Bin , Li Guangqi , Chen Haiyang , Chen Junhong , Hou Xinmei , Li Yong
Published: October 2018

The new ternary CM2A8 (CaMg2Al16O27) and C2M2A14 (Ca2Mg2Al28O46) pure and dense ceramics were first prepared by a hot-press sintering technique, and their physical and mechanical properties were investigated. The purity of obtained CM2A8 and C2M2A14 ceramics reaches 98.1 wt% and 97.5 wt%, respectively. Their microstructure is dense with few observable pores, and their grain size is about a few dozen microns. For their physical properties, the average apparent porosity of CM2A8 and C2M2A14 ceramics is 0.18% and 0.13%, and their average bulk density is 3.66 g/cm3 and 3.71 g/cm3, respectively. The relative density of CM2A8 ceramic is 98.12% and that of C2M2A14 ceramic is 98.67%. The thermal expansivity (50–1400 °C) of CM2A8 and C2M2A14 ceramics is 9.24×10–6 K–1 and 8.92×10–6 K–1, respectively. The thermal conductivity of CM2A8 and C2M2A14 ceramic is 21.32 W/(m·K) and 23.25 W/(m·K) at 25 °C and 18.76 W/(m·K) and 19.42 W/(m·K) as temperature rises to 350 °C, respectively. In addition, the mechanical properties are also achieved. For CM2A8 ceramic, the flexural strength is 248 MPa, the fracture toughness is 2.17 MPa·m1/2, and the Vickers hardness is 12.26 GPa. For C2M2A14 ceramic, the flexural strength is 262 MPa, the fracture toughness is 2.23 MPa·m1/2, and the Vickers hardness is 12.95 GPa.
Culturing practices and the care of the urinary catheter in reducing NHSN-defined catheter-associated urinary tract infections: The tale of two teaching hospitals
Authors: Bardossy Ana Cecilia , Williams Takiah , Jones Karen , Szpunar Susan , Zervos Marcus , Alangaden George , Reyes Katherine , Fakih Mohamad G.
Published: October 2018

We compared interventions to improve urinary catheter care and urine culturing in adult intensive care units of 2 teaching hospitals. Compared to hospital A, hospital B had lower catheter utilization, more compliance with appropriate indications and maintenance, but higher urine culture use and more positive urine cultures per 1,000 patient days.
A Fifteenth-Century Plan of the Cathedral of Seville
Authors: Ruiz Begoña Alonso , Martín Alfonso Jiménez
Published: October 2018

This article focuses on a recently identified and hitherto unpublished drawing of Seville Cathedral, recently located in the Bidaurreta convent (and thus described in this article as the ‘Bidaurreta drawing’). This document is of international importance as it constitutes a rare example of a medieval drawing of a Gothic cathedral, and is indeed the oldest known complete ground plan of any Gothic cathedral. It is also the only plan preserved intact that depicts any fifteenth-century Gothic building in Castile. The drawing, which this article suggests dates from the third quarter of the fifteenth century, is a modified copy of a 1433 plan of Seville Cathedral. It records the building as it was in 1433 and some of the subsequent changes, undertaken as part of a building campaign that ultimately lasted until 1506, by means of which the cathedral took on its present form: 126.18 m in length, 82.6 m in width and 30.48 m high (Figs 1-2). This article traces the reconstruction work in detail by examining the original documentary sources, many not previously discussed in English, together with the evidence of the drawing itself.
Victorian Market Halls, Ornamental Iron and Civic Intent
Authors: Dobraszczyk Paul
Published: October 2018

This article focuses on the relationship between ornamental iron and the civic in British market halls, a subject which has been overlooked in the existing literature on their architectural development. Like many other forms of nineteenth-century retail architecture — shops, bazaars, arcades and department stores — market halls embraced the new architectural possibilities suggested by iron: increased floor-spans were made possible by wrought-iron joists, which could span greater distances than timber ones; the strength of cast-iron columns allowed larger openings in the external walls; and the increased availability and lower cost of glass meant that these openings could be glazed, allowing greater visibility of commodities. Yet, unlike much Victorian retail architecture, which was usually privately financed, market halls were explicitly articulated as public spaces. As such, there were problems in assimilating iron-and-glass structures into established notions of public architecture. In 1878, The Building News, in a discussion of London’s market buildings, argued that they should be ‘different from huge railway sheds and Crystal Palaces’ because their status as public buildings required some form of ‘artistic’ treatment. For many architects of market halls — in common with other new building types in the Victorian period, such as pumping stations, railway stations, exhibition halls and warehouses — the solution lay in a dual architectural identity: an exterior structure built in conventional building materials such as stone and brick, harmonizing with existing urban architecture; and an interior space supported by an independent iron-and-glass structure.
The Kynges New Haull: A Response to Jonathan Foyle’s ‘Reconstruction of Thomas Wolsey’s Great Hall at Hampton Court Palace’
Authors: Ford Daphne , Turner Michael
Published: October 2018

In Architectural History 45 (2002), Jonathan Foyle proposed ‘A Reconstruction of Thomas Wolsey’s Great Hall at Hampton Court Palace’. Foyle drew attention to Cardinal Wolsey’s intervention at Hampton Court, so long overshadowed by the work of his more flamboyant and better-documented successor, Henry VIII. However, in bringing to the fore Wolsey’s aggrandizement of the manor previously occupied by Giles, Lord Daubeney, Foyle overlooked existing evidence relevant to his thesis, most notably with regard to the Great Hall, where he ascribed a first-floor hall and sequence of apartments to Wolsey. In doing so, he credited Wolsey with introducing the Italian concept of the piano nobile, ten years before the king commenced the surviving Great Hall.
Clarity or Camouflage? The Development of Constructional Polychromy in the 1850s and Early 1860s
Authors: Jackson Neil
Published: October 2018

My earlier article inArchitectural History43, ‘Christ Church, Streatham, and the Rise of Constructional Polychromy’, showed that James Wild’s church of 1840–42 was, in its use of coloured masonry, far ahead of its time (Fig. 1). It preceded, by about a decade, the High Victorian fashion for constructional polychromy usually associated with John Ruskin’s pronouncements on colour, contained inThe Stones of Venice(1851 and 1853) and William Butterfield’s contemporaneous church of All Saints, Margaret Street (1849–59). The article argued that the interest in polychromy had, in fact, started much earlier in the century. The use of colour in ancient Greek architecture had been investigated and debated by the Institute of British Architects, under the guidance of Thomas Leverton Donaldson, in the 1830s while, in the 1840s, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin gave constructional polychromy a moral quality — an expression of honesty in construction — at the Grange and St Augustine’s Church, at Ramsgate (1845–50).
Basil Oliver and the End of the Arts and Crafts Movement
Authors: Oliver Stephen
Published: October 2018

Little attention has yet been paid to the work of the East Anglian Arts and Crafts architect Basil Oliver (1882–1948) who is best known, if at all, for his book The Renaissance of the English Public House, published in 1947. Indeed he practised in the period, after the Great War, when the Arts and Crafts Movement is generally considered to have been a spent force, and so his obscurity comes as no surprise. We do not look to Oliver for insight into the fashionable styles of architecture such as emerging Modernism or even ‘art deco’. However, he is representative of a number of architects from this era who could be dismissed as traditionalists but who attempted to continue the ideals of the Arts and Crafts Movement in difficult times.
London’s Public Events and Ceremonies: an Overview Through Three Centuries
Authors: Cherry Bridget
Published: October 2018

A revised and abridged record of the Annual Lecture of the Society of Architectural Historians of Great Britain, given at the Courtauld Institute of Art, London, on 12 November 2012

Two exceptional events in London in 2012, the queen’s Diamond Jubilee and the Olympics, provoked questions about the origins and legacy of major public events of the past. This article explores the impact on the fabric of London since the eighteenth century of occasional planned spectacles through discussion of two main types of event, namely the procession along a predetermined route and occasions requiring a large organized space.

George, Elector of Hanover, succeeded to the throne as George I on 1 August 1714. The proclamation of a new monarch took place at a series of traditional sites. The Heralds started at the king’s residence, St James’s Palace, and proceeded to Charing Cross, where the statue of Charles I had replaced the medieval Eleanor cross destroyed in the Civil War. The third site, Temple Bar, marked the boundary of the City Liberties. Within the City the proclamation was repeated at St Mary le Bow and at the Royal Exchange — recent post-Fire buildings, but iconic sites — marking the significance of the Church and the power centre of the City merchants.
Francis Vernon, the Early Royal Society and the First English Encounter with Ancient Greek Architecture
Authors: Walker Matthew
Published: October 2018

Francis Vernon (c. 1637-77) is not a particularly well-known figure in the history of British architecture, but perhaps he should be. In 1675 he became one of the first English people to have set foot in Athens and, the following year, published what was undisputedly the first account in the English language of the city and its architecture. Vernon was a member of the recently founded Royal Society and one of a group of English and French travellers who journeyed through central Greece and Turkey in the 1670s. He was murdered in Isfahan in early 1677. Vernon's account of the time he spent in Athens was published in the Society's journal, thePhilosophical Transactions, in 1676, and it included brief but illuminating descriptions of the Erechtheion, the Temple of Hephaestus and the Parthenon, the latter written over ten years before the bombing of the temple by a Venetian army in 1687. TheTransactionsoften contained both travel writing and antiquarian material and, in this respect, Vernon's account was typical of the journal's somewhat eclectic content in its early years. Significantly, Vernon's publication predated more famous accounts of Greece from the period, such as those written by his travelling companions Jacob Spon (who released hisVoyage d'ltalie, de Dalamatie, de Grèce et du Levantin France in 1678) and George Wheler, whoseA journey into Greecewas published in 1682. Unlike Vernon, both Spon and Wheler survived their journeys. The only European publication on Athens that preceded Vernon's was a French text of 1675 that would prove to be a fabrication. As this article will demonstrate, Vernon's initial exposure of this fabrication was one of the reasons why his account of the city became so important in English intellectual culture at the time.
‘Genuine Invariants’: The Origins of Regional Modernity in Twentieth-Century Spain
Authors: Tippey Brett
Published: October 2018

During the decades that followed the loss in 1898 of Spain's last colony, Spanish architecture languished in a turbulent search for identity. In this search, some architects argued for a return to the historic architecture of the Spanish colonial empire, while others followed the progressive ideas of the Congrès Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne (CIAM). Finally, in the mid-1940s, Spain's architects began to progress towards a successful reconciliation of these two seemingly opposed camps. A critical moment occurred in 1947 with the publication of Fernando Chueca Goitia's watershed textInvariantes Castizos de la Arquitectura Española (Genuine Invariants of Spanish Architecture).In this text, which Chueca conceived as a pocket reference for Spain's Modern architects, he described Spain as a unique place where the diverse architecture of Christian Europe and Islamic North Africa coalesced into a new — and essentially Spanish — whole. In it, he called on Spain's architects to move beyond superficial considerations of both history and modernity, and to arrive at a genuine, self-critical identity for Spanish architecture.
A Monument to Humanism: Pilkington Brothers’ Headquarters (1955–65) by Fry, Drew and Partners
Authors: Holland Jessica , Jackson Iain
Published: October 2018

The architect Maxwell Fry (1899–1987) is widely recognized as one of the key protagonists in the development of Modernist architecture in Britain. Discussion of this role perhaps inevitably tends to focus on Fry's early involvement in the Modern Architectural Research (MARS) Group and his inter-war work, particularly his prestigious partnership with the Bauhaus-founder Walter Gropius. Post-war, emphasis shifts to Fry's advancement of ‘Tropical Architecture’ in former British colonies with his wife and partner, the architect Jane Drew (1911–96). Despite a string of important commissions on home soil, their post-war work in Britain has been sidelined due to a historical narrative focused on the rise of ‘New Brutalism’. This article contributes to a reassessment of Fry, Drew and Partners’ work in 1950s and 1960s Britain. It uses the Pilkington Brothers’ Headquarters (1955–65) in St Helens as a case study to examine post-war industrial patronage and how this affected the architectural approach of the project's lead designer, Maxwell Fry. In particular, it investigates his background in civic design at Charles Reilly's Liverpool School of Architecture. Furthermore, it examines Fry's reassessment of pre-war Modernist theory and practice during the mid-1950s and his response to the younger generation of MARS members, such as the Smithsons and Denys Lasdun.
Vulgar Modernism: J. M. Richards, Modernism and the Vernacular in British Architecture
Authors: Kelly Jessica
Published: October 2018

In 1946 J. M. Richards, editor of theArchitectural Review (AR)and self-proclaimed champion of modernism, published a book entitledThe Castles on the Ground(Fig. 1). This book, written while working for the Ministry of Information (Mol) in Cairo during the war, was a study of British suburban architecture and contained long, romantic descriptions of the suburban house and garden. Richards described the suburb as a place in which ‘everything is in its place’ and where ‘the abruptness, the barbarities of the world are far away’. For this reasonThe Castles on the Groundis most often remembered as a retreat from pre-war modernism, into nostalgia for mock-Tudor houses and privet hedges. The writer and critic Reyner Banham, who worked with Richards at the AR in the 1950s, described the book as a ‘blank betrayal of everything that Modern Architecture was supposed to stand for’. More recently, however, it has been rediscovered and reassessed for its contribution to mid-twentieth-century debates about the relationship between modern architects and the British public. These reassessments get closer to Richards’s original aim for the book. He was not concerned with the style of suburban architecture for its own sake, but with the question of why the style was so popular and what it meant for the role of modern architects in Britain and their relationship to the ‘man in the street’.
Architecture and Identity on the Edge of Empire: The Early Domestic Architecture of Scottish Settlers in Nova Scotia, Canada, 1800–1850
Authors: Maudlin Daniel
Published: October 2018

In the early nineteenth century thousands of Scots emigrated to Nova Scotia, Canada, settling there principally in Pictou and Antigonish Counties. This article considers the transformation of the domestic architecture of emigrants from the Scottish Highlands, from earth and random-rubble-walled ‘black houses’ to Classically ornamented and proportioned timber-framed houses. It demonstrates that, in contrast to the transferable traditions of Lowland Scottish settlers, virtually no element of the Scottish Highland vernacular building tradition was established in Nova Scotia, and that Scottish Highland emigrants adopted a new architecture with near total uniformity. These changes in architectural practice are described here in some detail, and then interpreted as indicators of changed social practice within the immigrant Highland community.
Gilbert Scott and the Chapel of Exeter College, Oxford
Authors: Tyack Geoffrey
Published: October 2018

‘The greatest fa presto in architectural history’, as Paul Frankl called him — although there are plenty of other contenders for that dubious honour — Gilbert Scott occupies an ambiguous place in the history of English architecture. The sheer volume of his work, and its lack of stylistic consistency, disturbed his contemporaries and have continued to vex later writers. Yet the history of the Gothic Revival cannot be written without him, and through some of his buildings he helped shape its future course. Among these buildings was the chapel at Exeter College, Oxford, begun in 1856 and finished three years later. The survival of a substantial collection of drawings and correspondence in the college’s archives enables us to establish and reinterpret the significance of this magnificent and still somewhat under-appreciated building.