bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intubation success in prehospital emergency anaesthesia: a retrospective observational analysis of the Inter-Changeable Operator Model (ICOM)
Authors: Price James , Lachowycz Kate , Steel Alistair , Moncur Lyle , Major Rob , Barnard Ed B. G.
Published: July 2022

Background

Pre hospital emergency anaesthesia (PHEA) is a complex procedure with significant risks. First-pass intubation success (FPS) is recommended as a quality indicator in pre hospital advanced airway management. Previous data demonstrating significantly lower FPS by non-physicians does not distinguish between non-physicians operating in isolation or within physician teams. In several UK HEMS, the role of the intubating provider is interchangeable between the physician and critical care paramedic—termed the Inter-Changeable Operator Model (ICOM). The objectives of this study were to compare first-pass intubation success rate between physicians and critical care paramedics (CCP) in a large regional, multi-organisational dataset of trauma PHEA patients, and to report the application of the ICOM.

Methods

A retrospective observational study of consecutive trauma patients ≥ 16 years old who underwent PHEA at two different ICOM Helicopter Emergency Medical Services in the East of England, 2015–2020. Data are presented as number (percentage) and median [inter-quartile range]. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare proportions, reported as odds ratio (OR (95% confidence interval, 95% CI)),pvalue. The study design complied with the STROBE (Strengthening The Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology) reporting guidelines.

Results

In the study period, 13,654 patients were attended. 674 (4.9%) trauma patients ≥ 16 years old who underwent PHEA were included in the final analysis: the median age was 44 [28–63] years old, and 502 (74.5%) were male. There was no significant difference in the FPS rate between physicians and CCPs—90.2% and 87.4% respectively, OR 1.3 (95% CI 0.7–2.5),p = 0.38. The cumulative first, second, third, and fourth-pass intubation success rates were 89.6%, 98.7%, 99.7%, and 100%. Patients who had a physician-operated initial intubation attempt weighed more and had a higher heart rate, compared to those who had a CCP-operated initial attempt.

Conclusion

In an ICOM setting, we demonstrated 100% intubation success in adult trauma patients undergoing PHEA. There was no significant difference in first-pass intubation success between physicians and CCPs.
RATTLE: reference-free reconstruction and quantification of transcriptomes from Nanopore sequencing
Authors: de la Rubia Ivan , Srivastava Akanksha , Xue Wenjing , Indi Joel A. , Carbonell-Sala Silvia , Lagarde Julien , Albà M. Mar , Eyras Eduardo
Published: July 2022

Nanopore sequencing enables the efficient and unbiased measurement of transcriptomes. Current methods for transcript identification and quantification rely on mapping reads to a reference genome, which precludes the study of species with a partial or missing reference or the identification of disease-specific transcripts not readily identifiable from a reference. We present RATTLE, a tool to perform reference-free reconstruction and quantification of transcripts using only Nanopore reads. Using simulated data and experimental data from isoform spike-ins, human tissues, and cell lines, we show that RATTLE accurately determines transcript sequences and their abundances, and shows good scalability with the number of transcripts.
Morphological identification and genetic characterization of Anopheles stephensi in Somaliland
Authors: Ali Said , Samake Jeanne N. , Spear Joseph , Carter Tamar E.
Published: July 2022

Malaria control in Somaliland depends on the effective identification of potential malaria vectors, particularly those that may be invasive. The malaria vector Anopheles stephensi has been detected in multiple countries in the Horn of Africa (HOA), but data on its geographic distribution and population genetic diversity are incomplete. We implemented a vector surveillance program and performed molecular analysis of Anopheles in three urban areas in Somaliland. Our study confirmed the presence of both the invasive An. stephensi and the long-established HOA malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis. Further analysis of An. stephensi genetic diversity revealed three cytochrome oxidase I (COI) haplotypes, all of which have been observed in other countries in East Africa and one also observed in South Asia. We also detected the knockdown resistance (kdr) L1014F mutation, which is associated with pyrethroid resistance; this finding supports the need for further assessment of the potential for insecticide resistance. The detection of multiple haplotypes previously observed in other regions of East Africa indicates that An. stephensi is an established population in Somaliland and likely shares its origin with other newly identified An. stephensi populations in East Africa. The detection of genetic diversity in An. stephensi in Somaliland provides a basis for future studies on the history of the species in the region and its dispersal throughout East Africa.

Graphical Abstract
Increased Wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to autophagy inhibition resulting from a dietary magnesium deficiency in injury-induced osteoarthritis
Authors: Bai Ruijun , Miao Michael Z. , Li Hui , Wang Yiqing , Hou Ruixue , He Ke , Wu Xuan , Jin Hongyu , Zeng Chao , Cui Yang , Lei Guanghua
Published: July 2022

Background

Dietary magnesium deficiency, which is common in modern diet, has been associated with osteoarthritis (OA) susceptibility. Despite this clinical association, no study has addressed if dietary magnesium deficiency accelerates OA development, especially at molecular level. This study aimed to explore aggravating effects of dietary magnesium deficiency on cartilage damage in an injury-induced murine OA model and to determine the underlying mechanism.

Methods

Twelve-week-old C57BL/6J mice subject to injury-induced OA modeling were randomized into different diet groups in which the mice were fed a diet with daily recommended magnesium content (500 mg/kg) or diets with low magnesium content (100 or 300 mg/kg). Articular cartilage damage was evaluated using the OARSI score. To determine molecular mechanisms in vitro, mouse chondrocytes were treated with media of low magnesium conditions at 0.1 and 0.4 mM, compared with normal magnesium condition at 0.7 mM as control. Anabolic and catabolic factors, autophagy markers, β-catenin, Wnt ligands, and a magnesium channel transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily member 7 (TRPM7) were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR and immunoblotting. Autolysosomes were detected by DALGreen staining via fluorescence microscopy and autophagosomes were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. Autophagy markers, β-catenin, and TRPM7 were assessed in vivo in the mouse cartilage, comparing between dietary magnesium deficiency and normal diet, by immunohistochemistry.

Results

Dietary magnesium deficiency aggravated injury-induced cartilage damage, indicated by significant higher OARSI scores. Autophagy markers LC3-II and Beclin-1 were decreased both in low magnesium diet-fed mice and low magnesium-treated chondrocytes. The number of autolysosomes and autophagosomes was also reduced under low magnesium conditions. Moreover, magnesium deficiency induced decreased anabolic and increased catabolic effect of chondrocytes which could be restored by autophagy activator rapamycin. In addition, reduced autophagy under low magnesium conditions is mediated by activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The expression of TRPM7 also decreased in low magnesium diet-fed mice, indicating that downstream changes could be regulated through this channel.

Conclusions

Dietary magnesium deficiency contributes to OA development, which is mediated by reduced autophagy through Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation. These findings indicated potential benefits of adequate dietary magnesium for OA patients or those individuals at high risk of OA.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus non-structural protein 4 cleaves guanylate-binding protein 1 via its cysteine proteinase activity to antagonize GBP1 antiviral effect
Authors: Duan Hong , Dong Haoxin , Wu Shuya , Ren Jiahui , Zhang Mingfang , Chen Chuangwei , Du Yongkun , Zhang Gaiping , Zhang Angke
Published: July 2022

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a highly infectious disease caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV) that causes great economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. PRRSV has been recognized to modulate the host antiviral interferon (IFN) response and downstream interferon-stimulated gene expression to intercept the antiviral effect of host cells. Guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) are IFN-inducible GTPases that exert broad antiviral activity against several DNA and RNA viruses, of which GBP1 is considered to play a pivotal role. However, the role of GBP1 in PRRSV replication remains unknown. The present study showed that overexpression of GBP1 notably inhibited PRRSV infection, while the knockdown of endogenous GBP1 promoted PRRSV infection. The K51 and R48 residues of GBP1 were essential for the suppression of PRRSV replication. Furthermore, GBP1 abrogated PRRSV replication by disrupting normal fibrous actin structures, which was indispensable for effective PRRSV replication. By using a co-immunoprecipitation assay, we found that GBP1 interacted with the non-structural protein 4 (nsp4) protein of PRRSV, and this interaction was mapped to the N-terminal globular GTPase domain of GBP1 and amino acids 1–69 of nsp4. PRRSV infection significantly downregulated GBP1 protein expression in Marc-145 cells, and nsp4, a 3C-like serine proteinase, was responsible for GBP1 cleavage, and the cleaved site was located at glutamic acid 338 of GBP1. Additionally, the anti-PRRSV activity of GBP1 was antagonized by nsp4. Taken together, these findings expand our understanding of the sophisticated interaction between PRRSV and host cells, PRRSV pathogenesis and its mechanisms of evading the host immune response.
Expanding the CRISPR/Cas genome-editing scope in Xenopus tropicalis
Authors: Shi Zhaoying , Jiang Hao , Liu Guanghui , Shi Songyuan , Zhang Xuan , Chen Yonglong
Published: July 2022

Background

The true diploid frog,Xenopus tropicalis(X. tropicalis) is an excellent genetic model organism. To date, the CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing methods established in this species are mostly based on SpCas9 that requires the stringent NGG protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM) for target recognition, which limits its genome editing scope. Thus, it is highly desirable to circumvent this limitation.

Results

Through one-cell stage injection of Cas/gRNAs intoX. tropicalisembryos, we evaluated the mutagenic efficiency of 8 different Cas variants using T7EI assay, Sanger DNA sequencing, or deep sequencing. Our data indicate that SaCas9 and KKH SaCas9 are highly effective in frogs, which could be used for direct phenotyping in G0 embryos. In contrast, VQR Cas9, xCas9 3.7, SpG Cas9, and SpRY Cas9 were ineffective inX. tropicalisembryos and no activity was detected for iSpyMac Cas9. We also found that LbCas12a/crRNA RNP complexes with paired crRNAs efficiently induced small fragment deletions inX. tropicalisembryos.

Conclusion

SaCas9 and KKH SaCas9 are robust genome editing tools inX. tropicalisembryos. LbCas12a/crRNA RNP complexes are useful for inducing DNA fragment deletions in frog embryos. These tools expand the CRISPR/Cas genome editing scope inX. tropicalisand increase the flexibility for various genome editing applications in frogs.
Socioeconomic inequality in public satisfaction with the healthcare system in China: a quantile regression analysis
Authors: Peng XinXin , Zhang Jing Hua
Published: July 2022

Background

As China pursues better social equality and improvement in public services (healthcare), public satisfaction has been considered as a key performance indicator. There is a great need to better understand the disparities and inequalities in the public satisfaction with its healthcare system.

Methods

Based on Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) 2015 ( a set of nationally representative survey data, the most recent wave containing information about public satisfaction with the healthcare system), this study utilizes the quantile regression method to analyze how the public satisfaction at high or low quantile of the score distribution varies according to the socio-economic status and healthcare system performance indicators, especially in rural areas.

Results

This study found that, at the highest percentile, better Self-Reported-Health (SRH) is associated significantly with a lower satisfaction score (coefficient -4.10, P < 0.01). High socioeconomic status (especially "above average" group) has higher satisfaction scores at both mean (coefficient 3.74, P<0.01) and median (coefficient 3.83, P<0.01). This effect is also significant across the lower quantiles of the satisfaction levels. West and Middle region (the less developed regions) tended to be more satisfied, whereas those in Northeast reported a large negative effect (coefficient -7.07, P < 0.01) at the median. While rural residents generally reported higher levels of satisfaction, rural residents’ preference regarding hospital beds and primary care access seems generally to be opposite to that of urban residents.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that the ongoing healthcare reform needs to integrate more preventive care to meet the healthy residents’ expectation and demands. More attention should be guided to the vulnerable healthcare system in the Northeast region, which has a stagnant local economy. Outcome-based quality care is especially preferred in rural healthcare, in addition to improvement of utilization and access. In addition, the “pro-rich” inequality is an ongoing concern about the system.
Depressing hsa_circ_0058092 functions an integrated anti-proliferation and anti-motility role in gastric cancer partially through targeting miR-1294/SIX1 axis
Authors: Fang Jianming , Huang Jianxin , Zhang Xiaodong
Published: July 2022

Fibronectin 1-derived circular RNA hsa_circ_0058092 is a novel potential oncogene in gastric cancer (GC). Yet, previous studies have not determined the role of hsa_circ_0058092 GC progression and the underlying mechanism. Herein, we investigated its role and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) pathway in the development of GC. The results showed that hsa_circ_0058092 was substantially upregulated in GC patients’ tissues and cells, allied with upregulated SIX1 and downregulated miR-1294 compared with normal gastric tissues and cells. There were linear correlations among hsa_circ_0058092, miR-1294 and SIX1 levels in GC tumors. Moreover, hsa_circ_0058092 acted as a miR-1294 sponge, and miR-1294 targeted SIX1. Functionally, colony formation, EdU positive rate, tumor growth of GC cells, as well as ki-67 expression in xenograft tumors was greatly suppressed by depressing hsa_circ_0058092. Besides, hsa_circ_0058092 knockdown repressed GC cell migration and invasion, accompanied with increased E-cadherin expression and descended N-cadherin expression. Moreover, inhibiting miR-1294 expression could counteract hsa_circ_0058092 knockdown-mediated effects in GC cells. The inhibitory effects of miR-1294 mimics on GC cell malignancy were relieved by increasing SIX1 expression. Further, hsa_circ_0058092 depletion repressed SIX1 protein expression by interacting with miR-1294. Hsa_circ_0058092 was oncogenic in GC cell proliferation and motility via ceRNA pathway of hsa_circ_0058092/miR-1294/SIX1.
Polychromy in Roman Portraits from Asido (Medina Sidonia, Cádiz, Spain). Livia, Germanicus and Drusus Minor
Authors: Odriozola Carlos P. , Beltrán Fortes José , Loza Azuaga María Luisa , Martínez Blanes José María
Published: July 2022

This paper presents a recent study on a Roman period marble sculpture depicting Empress Livia and the portraits of Germanicus and Drusus Minor, found at the praesidium of Asido (Medina Sidonia, Cádiz, Spain). The sculptures retain extensive evidence of their original polychromy. The properties and spatial distribution of these pigment remains were investigated by portable non-invasive and micro-destructive techniques, applying digital microscopy, and UV/VIS/NIR/SWIR spectroscopy, portable XRF and SEM–EDS analysis. The study revealed the presence of Egyptian blue and ochre on Livia’s mantle and charcoal black on Livia’s eyes and hair, remains that were not clearly visible to the naked eye. This is a significant approach, used to identify colours on ancient marble sculpture, which transforms our understanding of these unique pieces. Elemental composition analysis by pXRF has confirmed the evidence of pigments, furthermore supported by the Raman results, making it possible to develop and reconstruct the colour palette that originally brought these sculptures to life in vibrant polychrome. The research offers a new methodology for identifying pigments on marble sculpture and opens new ways for investigating other types of material culture aided by the development of the analytical equipment mentioned.
The mediating effect of information sharing on pharmaceutical supply chain integration and operational performance in Ethiopia: an analytical cross-sectional study
Authors: Birhanu Yohannes , Gizaw Tafesse , Teshome Dawit , Boche Bekele , Gudeta Tadesse
Published: July 2022

Background

Information is crucial in enhancing partnership, reducing uncertainties and inventory costs, improving order fulfillment, and increasing customer satisfaction. However, there is a scantiness of studies on how information sharing affects pharmaceutical supply chain practices and performance. Hence, this study aimed to examine the mediating effect of information sharing between supply chain integration and operational performance.

Method

We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study complemented with a qualitative assessment between May and July 2021. The study populations (n = 343) were selected employees working at the Ethiopian pharmaceutical supply agency’s head office and selected hubs. The quantitative data were collected by self-administered five-point Likert-scale questions and analyzed using SPSS®-version 23. The mediation effect was determined using sequential linear regression based on the Baron and Kenny stepwise approach. A 95% confidence interval and a p-value less than 5% were used to determine statistical significance. We gathered the qualitative data through in-depth face-to-face interviews with nine key informants and analyzed them using a thematic analysis technique.

Results

Among 320 completed questionnaires returned (with a response rate of 93%), we used 288 in the analysis. Of the respondents, 97 (33.7%) disagreed that information sharing with the agency is simplified. One hundred seventeen (40.6%) disagreed that customers share information via an online system. Most respondents (76.4%) agreed that internal integration in the agency reduced total order time. Information sharing (β = 0.270,p < 0.001), customer integration (β = 0.265,p < 0.001), and internal integration (β = 0.151,p < 0.001) were predictor variables that had a direct positive effect on operational performance. Information sharing posited a partially mediating role between customer integration and operational performance with β = 0.136 atp < 0.001. Data quality problems, human-resource-related issues, and natural and human-made calamities were the major challenges affecting information sharing and the overall supply chain practices.

Conclusion

Customer integration, internal integration, and information sharing influenced operational performance positively. Although coordination among the units in the agency is reasonable, there was a lack of communication and quick response from partners, as well as data quality problems and the absence of an automation system in most health facilities. The key informants suggested end-to-end supply systems connections with partners through Enterprise Resource Planning and other means.
Association of interferon gamma inducible protein-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha, interleukin-6, and rs12252 single nucleotide polymorphism of interferon-induced transmembrane protein-3 gene with the severity of COVID-19 infection
Authors: Mulla Shafia , Molla Md.Maruf Ahmed , Ahmed S. M. Ali , Akhtaruzzaman A. K. M. , Saleh Ahmed Abu , Anwar Shaheda
Published: July 2022

Background

Evaluating the serum levels of IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and IL-6 and genotyping of rs12252 SNP of IFITM3 gene among different categories of COVID-19 patients might aid in understanding the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and contribute to developing disease-specific biomarkers and therapeutic strategies.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study involving a total of 84 COVID-19 patients confirmed by positive RT-PCR and 28 healthy controls. COVID-19 patients were recruited from the intensive care unit (ICU) and COVID unit of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka. COVID-19 patients were categorized into moderate, severe, and critically ill groups according to the World Health Organization classification. The serum IP-10, MCP-1, and MIP-1α levels were measured by cytometric bead array assay by flow cytometry, and serum IL-6 level was detected by the chemiluminescence method. rs12252 SNP of the IFITM3 gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR RFLP).

Results

The serum IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and IL-6 levels among critically ill COVID-19 patients were significantly higher than that in patients with moderate disease and healthy controls (p < 0.001). Genotype distribution for rs12252 (42 T/C) SNP of the IFITM3 gene between the different groups of COVID-19 patients and healthy controls showed that CC genotype was statistically associated with disease severity (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

IP-10 and MCP-1, MIP-α, IL-6, and CC genotype of rs12252 (42 T/C) SNP of IFITM3 gene are associated with COVID-19 severity.
Vitamin D assessment in patients with COVID-19 virus and correlation with severity
Authors: Yosef Tarek M. , Saleh Shereen A. , Ali Sara Fekry , Ahmed Ahmed Elmetwally
Published: July 2022

Background

Vitamin D may play a vital role in preventing the multi-system consequences of COVID-19 infections. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential association between mean serum levels of vitamin D and COVID-19 and its correlation with severity and mortality.

Results

A case-control study conducted on 80 Egyptian patients admitted at Ain Shams University designated hospitals, Cairo, Egypt, from March 2021 to September 2021. Regarding the laboratory investigations, we found that COVID-19 cases have significantly lower lymphocytic counts than controls. Regarding vitamin D, this study showed a statistically significant positive correlation between vitamin D and lymphocytes, and there were statistically significant negative correlations between vitamin D, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, and D-dimer.

Conclusion

This study confirms that vitamin D deficiency is associated with the severity of COVID-19 clinically and laboratory.
High-resolution seismic faults interpretation based on adversarial neural networks with a regularization technique
Authors: Wang Tianqi , Wang Yanfei
Published: July 2022

Geologic fault detection at high precision and resolution is the key for fine structure and reservoir modeling. Previous studies using neural networks for fault segmentation mainly focus on the local features of the targets and train the networks using synthetic data sets. To increase the fault segmentation resolution only using a limited amount of seismic field data, we develop an adversarial neural network architecture for high-resolution identification of faults (FaultAdvNet) taking advantage of global feature fusion. The architecture consists of (1) a light-weight segmentation module (approximately 0.49 M parameters), (2) a feature fusion module considering reflectors of faults and surrounding stratums, and (3) a discriminator module acting as a regularization term. Case studies using seismic field data from the Gulf of Mexico show an overwhelming performance improvement of the FaultAdvNet when compared with other fault detection methods. The FaultAdvNet picks all of the faults with sufficiently high confidence and low prediction risk. The predicted faults of the FaultAdvNet have good continuity and show clear boundary with fault probability values mainly ranging from 0.95 to 1. Saliency analysis also suggests that the FaultAdvNet can focus on the target at a sufficiently higher resolution (dozens of meters). Functionality experiments verify the mechanisms of the feature fusion module and the discriminator module in FaultAdvNet. We consider that a neural network (such as the discriminator) can serve as a data-driven regularization term to constrain the target network (the segmentation network) efficiently, especially given a limited amount of seismic data.
Small-data-driven fast seismic simulations for complex media using physics-informed Fourier neural operators
Authors: Wei Wei , Fu Li-Yun
Published: July 2022

Deep learning (DL) seismic simulations have become a leading-edge field that could provide an effective alternative to traditional numerical solvers. We have developed a small-data-driven time-domain method for fast seismic simulations in complex media based on the physics-informed Fourier neural operator (FNO). Unlike most DL-based modeling schemes that either solve wave equations by embedding the physical constraints into the cost function or conduct physics-informed learning by incorporating the wave functions into convolutional neural networks (CNNs), the FNO uses a learning architecture similar to the structure of split-step Fourier wave propagators, which is composed of two CNNs formulated in the space and wavenumber domains, respectively. The space-domain CNN acts as a local trainable phase-screen compensation. The wavenumber-domain CNN represents a nonlocal spatial convolutional operator acting as a trainable wavenumber filter for the phase-shift process. The FNO method approximates the mathematical-physical behavior of wave equations through learning the mapping between seismic wavefields at different time/locations from training seismic data. That is, the learning process parameterizes the integral kernel directly in the Fourier space, so that we can establish an expressive and efficient architecture for a better balance between accuracy and performance than the traditional spatial CNNs. Applications to gradient, layered, and Marmousi velocity models demonstrate its performance in accuracy and efficiency. The FNO seismic simulation is a data-driven method that needs a small amount of training data, especially when using blended source training data. It is a discretization-independent method that is not subject to the limitation of spatial sampling and time steps imposed on traditional numerical solvers, implying that the training data can be discretized arbitrarily. It also is a model-independent method that can include absorption attenuation into seismic modeling without the need of viscoelastic wave equations.
Seismic reservoir characterization of the Gassum Formation in the Stenlille aquifer gas storage, Denmark — Part 2: Unsupervised classification
Authors: Chopra Satinder , Sharma Ritesh Kumar , Bredesen Kenneth , Ha Thang , Marfurt Kurt J.
Published: July 2022

Ideally, a good static reservoir model provides an accurate estimate of the extent, porosity, permeability, and lithology of the container as well as the properties of the seal and any faults or fractures that may allow the reservoir to leak. The major pitfall of deterministic, statistical, or supervised learning workflows is that they estimate only the properties sampled by the wells or provided by empirical relations and may miss mapping heterogeneities in the reservoir and seal that can give rise to flow baffles and reservoir leakage. This shortcoming is exacerbated when the number of wells is small, the types of logs recorded are limited, and the migrated seismic gathers are absent or of limited quality. In contrast, unsupervised learning looks for patterns in the seismic amplitude and attribute volumes themselves. In this paper, we apply unsupervised learning algorithms to evaluate the natural gas storage Stenlille aquifer in Denmark and compare the results with a supervised multiattribute regression reservoir characterization described in a companion paper. Specifically, we apply principal component analysis, self-organizing mapping, and generative topographic mapping workflows to extract patterns across eight attribute volumes: relative acoustic impedance, energy, sweetness, gray level co-occurrence matrices (GLCM) entropy, curvedness, and three spectral magnitude volumes. We find that the large-scale patterns are similar, but that the unsupervised learning algorithms provide greater detail. Because our deterministic model was built on poststack data using the limited well-log data available, we believe that the heterogeneity mapped by the unsupervised learning workflows provides a relatively unbiased means of estimating risk in our reservoir model. Quantifying the importance of these anomalies will need to be reconciled with a dynamic reservoir model.
Accuracy of Electronic Medical Record Follow-Up Data for Estimating the Survival Time of Patients With Cancer
Authors: Gensheimer Michael F. , Narasimhan Balasubramanian , Henry A. Solomon , Wood Douglas J. , Rubin Daniel L.
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE

For real-world evidence, it is convenient to use routinely collected data from the electronic medical record (EMR) to measure survival outcomes. However, patients can become lost to follow-up, causing incomplete data and biased survival time estimates. We quantified this issue for patients with metastatic cancer seen in an academic health system by comparing survival estimates from EMR data only and from EMR data combined with high-quality cancer registry data.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Patients diagnosed with metastatic cancer from 2008 to 2014 were included in this retrospective study. Patients who were diagnosed with cancer or received their initial treatment within our system were included in the institutional cancer registry and this study. Overall survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Survival curves were generated in two ways: using EMR follow-up data alone and using EMR data supplemented with data from the Stanford Cancer Registry/California Cancer Registry.

RESULTS

Four thousand seventy-seven patients were included. The median follow-up using EMR + Cancer Registry data was 19.9 months, and the median follow-up in surviving patients was 67.6 months. There were 1,301 deaths recorded in the EMR and 3,140 deaths recorded in the Cancer Registry. The median overall survival from the date of cancer diagnosis using EMR data was 58.7 months (95% CI, 54.2 to 63.2); using EMR + Cancer Registry data, it was 20.8 months (95% CI, 19.6 to 22.3). A similar pattern was seen using the date of first systemic therapy or date of first hospital admission as the baseline date.

CONCLUSION

Using EMR data alone, survival time was overestimated compared with EMR + Cancer Registry data.
Impact of Molecular Tumor Board on the Clinical Management of Patients With Cancer
Authors: Behel Vichitra , Noronha Vanita , Choughule Anuradha , Shetty Omshree , Chandrani Pratik , Kapoor Akhil , Bondili Suresh Kumar , Bajpai Jyoti , Kumar Rajiv , Pai Trupti , Bal Munita , Gurav Mamta , Bapat Prachi , Mittal Neha , Menon Santosh , Patil Vijay , Menon Nandini , Dutt Amit , Prabhash Kumar
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE

Multidisciplinary molecular tumor boards (MTBs) help in interpreting complex genomic data generated by molecular tumor profiling and improve patients' access to targeted therapies. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of our institution's MTB on the clinical management of patients with cancer.

METHODS

This study was conducted at a tertiary cancer center in India. Cases to be discussed in the MTB were identified by molecular pathologists, scientists, or oncologists. On the basis of the clinical data and molecular test reports, a course of clinical management was recommended and made available to the treating oncologist. We determined the proportion of patients who were recommended a change in the clinical management. We also assessed compliance of the treating oncologists with MTB recommendations.

RESULTS

There were 339 discussions for 328 unique patients. The median age of the cohort was 54 years (range 17-87), and the majority of the patients were men (65.1%). Of 339 cases, 133 (39.2%) were recommended continuation of ongoing therapy while the remaining 206 (60.7%) were recommended a change in clinical management. Compliance with MTB recommendations for a change in clinical management was 58.5% (79 of 138 evaluable cases). Compliance and implementation for MTB's recommendation to start a new therapy in 104 evaluable cases were 60.5% and 44.2%, respectively. A total of 248 biopsies had at least one actionable mutation. A total of 646 mutations were identified in the cohort, with EGFR being the most frequently altered gene.

CONCLUSION

MTBs help in interpreting results of molecular tests, understanding the significance of molecular abnormalities, and assessing the benefits of available targeted therapies and clinical trials in the management of patients with targetable genetic alterations.
Ablation of Growth Hormone Receptor in GABAergic Neurons Leads to Increased Pulsatile Growth Hormone Secretion
Authors: dos Santos Willian O , Wasinski Frederick , Tavares Mariana R , Campos Ana M P , Elias Carol F , List Edward O , Kopchick John J , Szawka Raphael E , Donato Jose
Published: July 2022

Growth hormone (GH) acts in several hypothalamic neuronal populations to modulate metabolism and the autoregulation of GH secretion via negative-feedback loops. However, few studies have investigated whether GH receptor (GHR) expression in specific neuronal populations is required for the homeostatic control of GH secretion and energy homeostasis. In the present study, we investigated the consequences of the specific GHR ablation in GABAergic (VGAT-expressing) or glutamatergic (VGLUT2-expressing) cells. GHR ablation in GABAergic neurons led to increased GH secretion, lean mass, and body growth in male and female mice. VGAT-specific GHR knockout (KO) male mice also showed increased serum insulin-like growth factor-1, hypothalamic Ghrh, and hepatic Igf1 messenger RNA levels. In contrast, normal GH secretion, but reduced lean body mass, was observed in mice carrying GHR ablation in glutamatergic neurons. GHR ablation in GABAergic cells increased weight loss and led to decreased blood glucose levels during food restriction, whereas VGLUT2-specific GHR KO mice showed blunted feeding response to 2-deoxy-D-glucose both in males and females, and increased relative food intake, oxygen consumption, and serum leptin levels in male mice. Of note, VGLUT2-cre female mice, independently of GHR ablation, exhibited a previously unreported phenotype of mild reduction in body weight without further metabolic alterations. The autoregulation of GH secretion via negative-feedback loops requires GHR expression in GABAergic cells. Furthermore, GHR ablation in GABAergic and glutamatergic neuronal populations leads to distinct metabolic alterations. These findings contribute to the understanding of the neuronal populations responsible for mediating the neuroendocrine and metabolic effects of GH.
Joseph Brodsky’s Borrowed Chinese Voice
Authors: Gamsa Mark
Published: July 2022

Joseph Brodsky’s poem “Letters from the Ming Dynasty” (1977) stands out among his work for its prominent Chinese theme. This essay considers the poem against the background of some distant European precedents in order to situate it in the history of world literature. It explains what the poem does, how it does it, and how it connects with the main themes of Brodsky’s poetry. To further contextualize “Letters from the Ming Dynasty” in twentieth-century literary history, the essay compares it with uses of China by European modernists before concluding by briefly looking at examples of the mirror phenomenon, Chinese writers who “borrowed the voice” of Westerners. The relevance of Brodsky’s example to present-day debates on “cultural appropriation” becomes apparent.
The Anglophone and the Anthropocene: Postcolonial in the Present Tense
Authors: Srinivasan Ragini Tharoor
Published: July 2022

This brief essay outlines the case for a postcolonial presentism arising at the intersection of two urgent areas of inquiry: the literary and linguistic study of global Anglophonism, on the one hand, and the humanistic and social-scientific study of the Anthropocene, on the other. It explores a series of entangled definitions of the Anglophone and the Anthropocene, including how each serves as an assessment of the uneven present, as a universalizing discourse, and as a force of temporalization. The essay contests the proposition that the key conceptual problem posed by the present is its “unthinkability” and argues instead for a reconsideration, through a strategically presentist postcolonial literary studies, of the present’s relationship to past and future.
Pyroptosis in host defence against bacterial infection
Authors: Brokatzky Dominik , Mostowy Serge
Published: July 2022

Pyroptosis, a regulated form of pro-inflammatory cell death, is characterised by cell lysis and by the release of cytokines, damage- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns. It plays an important role during bacterial infection, where it can promote an inflammatory response and eliminate the replicative niche of intracellular pathogens. Recent work, using a variety of bacterial pathogens, has illuminated the versatility of pyroptosis, revealing unexpected and important concepts underlying host defence. In this Review, we overview the molecular mechanisms underlying pyroptosis and discuss their role in host defence, from the single cell to the whole organism. We focus on recent studies using three cellular microbiology paradigms – Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Salmonella Typhimurium and Shigella flexneri – that have transformed the field of pyroptosis. We compare insights discovered in tissue culture, zebrafish and mouse models, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of using these complementary infection models to investigate pyroptosis and for modelling human infection. Moving forward, we propose that in-depth knowledge of pyroptosis obtained from complementary infection models can better inform future studies using higher vertebrates, including humans, and help develop innovative host-directed therapies to combat bacterial infection.
Glenohumeral Joint Dislocation Classification: Literature Review and Suggestion for a New Subtype
Authors: Hill Brian , Khodaee Morteza
Published: July 2022

Glenohumeral joint (GHJ) dislocation is a relatively common injury. Anterior GHJ dislocations are divided into subcoracoid, subglenoid, subclavicular, and intrathoracic subtypes. The aim of this article is to review current GHJ dislocation classification and briefly discuss management of each type. Discrepancies and inaccuracies exist in regard to GHJ dislocation classification. We suggest adding a new subtype, “paraglenoid,” to improve the current GHJ dislocation classification system. The paraglenoid subtype describes a portion of the subcoracoid anterior GHJ dislocation. GHJ dislocation is most often caused by force applied to the arm during a fall but also can be due to direct impact to the shoulder. Physical examination often reveals classic deformities, and thorough neurovascular examination is crucial. Radiographs should be used to confirm the diagnosis and assess for associated bony injuries. Numerous reduction techniques are described in the literature, with chosen method dependent on patient factors, provider experience, and GHJ dislocation type.
Self-reported oral hygiene habits and gingival bleeding in women with breast cancer: evidence from an observational and prospective study
Authors: Marinho Pabliane Matias Lordelo , Lima Ricardo Barbosa , Santos José Cleyton De Oliveira , Santos Dayane Ketlyn Da Cunha , Silva Glebson Moura , Kameo Simone Yuriko , Sawada Namie Okino
Published: July 2022

Objectives: to describe and examine oral hygiene habits and self-reported gingival bleeding in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: in an observational and prospective study, 140 women were evaluated during chemotherapy between 2017 and 2019. Results and Conclusion: more than 40% of participants reported gingival bleeding at some point during chemotherapy. Flossing was unsatisfactory at baseline and in the intermediate cycle as well as did not affect self-reported gingival bleeding. The amount of tooth brushing per day was a predictor of self-reported gingival bleeding at the end of chemotherapy.
ADVERSE FEATURES OF PATIENTS WITH BENIGN DYSTROPHIC DISEASES OF THE VULVA
Authors: Porsokhonova Delya F. , Yakubovich Andrey I. , Rakhmatullaeva Sevara N. , Rosstalnaya Marianna L. , Kaliagin Alexey N.
Published: July 2022

Aim – to present the results of clinical and anamnestic observation, microbiological study of the microflora of the urogenital tract of women with benign dystrophic diseases of the vulva (DVD).

Materials and methods. We examined 88 women with verified benign DVA aged 18 to 68 years. Using the clinical-anamestic method, social, household, medical factors that may be associated with the course and outcome of DVA were studied, and the spectrum of the most common pathogens was analyzed.

Results. In addition to a number of social, domestic and medical reasons that may have an impact on the occurrence and course of DZV, the authors found that among the examined patients, an average of 2.2 years passed from the moment of the first signs of the disease to the first visit, while according to the literature data, this indicator averages 1.7 years. It was also established that the most common pathogens in DVD were Ureaplasma urealyticum (33%), HPV type 16/18 (24%) and Candida albicans (61%), Gardnerella vaginalis (28%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (44%), which may indicate both their starting and aggravating role in the origin of dystrophy.

Conclusion. These studies show late seeking medical help among a significant part of the surveyed (50%), which is partly due to shyness due to the intimate nature of the disease (66%), as well as an inattentive attitude to pathology (47%). The most common microorganisms in dystrophic diseases of the genitals were Ureaplasma urealyticum (33%), HPV type 16/18 (24%) and Candida albicans (61%), Gardnerella vaginalis (28%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (44%).
RELATIONSHIP OF CHANGES IN HEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD WITH THE TRANSFERRIN CONCENTRATION AND CD71+ LYMPHOCYTE COUNT
Authors: Patrakeeva Veronika V. , Dobrodeeva Liliya K. , Geshavec Natal’ya P.
Published: July 2022

Transferrin is an essential component of cell growth and metabolic processes that require iron. An increase in the expression of transferrin receptors on lymphocytes ensures their differentiation, maturation and activation of proliferation. It was of interest to study the relationship between the level of transferrin in the peripheral blood and the level of lymphocytes with the receptor to it.

Purpose. To determine the nature of changes in hematological and biochemical parameters of peripheral blood based on the concentration of transferrin and the count of lymphocytes expressing the transferrin receptor CD71+.

Materials and methods. a survey of 100 people aged 20 to 40 years living in the city of Arkhangelsk was carried out. Leukograms were carried out using a XS-1000i hematology analyzer (Sysmex). Enzyme immunoassay was used to measure cytokine concentrations. CD71 lymphocyte counts were carried out by flow cytometry (Epixs XL). A biochemical analyzer (STAT FAX 3300) was used to measure biochemical blood parameters. Analyses of the number of lymphocytes expressing the transferrin receptor and the concentration of transferrin in the blood serum were performed. The number of CD71+ lymphocytes within the physiological norm (less than 0.3 × 109 cells/L) and those with increased CD71+ levels (more than 0.5 × 109 cells/L) was identified. Within each group, subgroups with a normal and high transferrin content were identified.

Results. It was found that an increase in the concentration of transferrin in the blood is associated with a decrease in the circulation of lymphocytes with the CD71+ receptor and a decrease in the coefficient of transferrin saturation with iron. This situation may be associated with an increased risk of secondary immunodeficiency. Against the background of increased concentrations of transferrin and an increase in the circulation of CD71+ lymphocytes, the concentration of lactate increases, which reflects an increase in the processes of tissue hypoxia.

Conclusion. High concentrations of transferrin in the peripheral blood against the background of a decrease in the saturation of transferrin with iron and an increase in tissue hypoxia increase the risk of developing chronic inflammatory processes and may be associated with the formation of secondary immunodeficiency.
Correlation investigation of the brightness of GDE-grams using the methods of computer graphics and direct measurements
Authors: Dobrovolsky Yu. , Prokhorov H. , Diachenko L. , Zukow W. , Babelyuk V. , Popovych I.
Published: July 2022

There are two methods of measuring the glow of a liquid under the conditions of gas-discharge imaging. This is a investigation of the brightness of GD-grams - a digital image of streamers created under these conditions, and a direct measurement of brightness using a luminometer, which is carried out during the formation of a streamer during a gas discharge. In the first case, the digital image is analyzed using computer graphics methods and certain software. In the second, the results of direct measurement are analyzed. We have analyzed these two methods using the example of the glow of water under the conditions of gas-discharge visualization. It is shown that with direct measurements the brightness values ​​are higher than when investigating the brightness of a digital image of the same streamer obtained in the same time period. Namely 1.5 cd/m2 and 1.7 cd/m2. The difference is 13% and significantly exceeds the measurement error of the brightness meter (± 7%). According to the results of our research, we suggest that, at the very least, when calibrating the devices that create the GDV-grams, use direct measurements of the glow of the liquid in photometric units. For example, in brightness units.