bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SIFAT MEKANIS KOMPOSIT POLIMER HIBRID DIPERKUAT SERAT SABUT KELAPA-E-GLASS
Authors: Mawardi Indra , Hanif Hanif
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mendapat sifat mekanis yang optimal dari komposit hibrid yang diperkuat serat sabut kelapa dan E-glass. Komposit dibentuk dari polimer unsaturated polyester resin BQTN 157-EX sebagai matriks dan penguat perpaduan serat sabut kelapa dan serat sintetis (E-glass). Serat E-glass yang digunakan adalah jenis chop strand mat  (CSM) dan woven roving (WR). Komposit hibrid dibentuk secara hand lay–up dengan enam lapis serat yang disusun dengan tiga macam variasi, yaitu variasi 1 [CSM/SSK/WR]2, variasi 2 [WR2/SSK2/WR2], dan variasi 3 [CSM/SSK/WR2/SSK/CSM]. Spesimen dibentuk mengikuti standard ASTM D 3039 untuk uji tarik dan ASTM D 790-81 untuk uji bending. Hasil pengujian memperlihatkan susunan jenis serat dan orientasinya merupakan parameter yang penting dalam perancangan material komposit laminat. Hasil pengujian tarik material komposit dengan variasi 2 memiliki harga tegangan tarik yang lebih tinggi (rata-rata 309.54 MPa) dibandingkan variasi 1 dan 3. Variasi 2 juga mempunyai tegangan bending rata-rata lebih baik 597,42 MPa, disusul variasi 3 sebesar 353,59 MPa dan variasi 1 memiliki tegangan yang terendah, yaitu 306,48 MPa.
Trends in Korea research on mathematical modeling investigated by mathematical modeling map
Authors:   The Korean School Mathematics Society, Choi Kyounga
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this paper is to review the domestic research on mathematical modeling by using three dimensional mathematical modeling map composed of perspective axis, domain axis, level axis, and to give direction to mathematical modeling research. The findings of this study show that the domestic research on mathematical modeling focuses on application perspective, notions and classroom domain and secondary level, and that we need various studies with concept formation perspective, system domain, tertiary level, and teacher(education) level on the future work about mathematical modeling.
Focal point construction of ellipses using analogy and analytical methods
Authors:   The Korean School Mathematics Society, Kim Keun-Bae , Choi Ok-Whan , Park Dal-Won
Published: January 2019

The current geometric and vector textbooks focus on the mechanical activities of finding focus, corner, etc. through elliptic equations. In this paper, we propose a process in which analogy and analytical methods are used in reversible activities of focusing from a given elliptic graph without a coordinate plane. The exploratory tool was used as Geogebra. At first, students tried to find the focus of the ellipse by randomly constructing the major axis and the minor axis in the given ellipse. However, we have experienced a method of constructing the circle of symmetry and analyzed this principle and deduced it to the ellipse. As a result, we could construct the center, long axis and short axis of the ellipse. Then, using the analytical method, the focus formula was recognized as the Pythagorean theorem, and the ellipse 's focus was constructed by using the original drawing. Therefore, it is confirmed that analogy and analytical method can positively affect the elliptical focus.
A Meta-Analysis of Family-School Interventions and Children’s Social-Emotional Functioning: Moderators and Components of Efficacy
Authors: Sheridan Susan M. , Smith Tyler E. , Moorman Kim Elizabeth , Beretvas S. Natasha , Park Sunyoung
Published: January 2019

This meta-analysis examined the effects of family-school interventions on children’s social-behavioral competence and mental health. One hundred and seventeen group design studies yielding 592 effect sizes constituted the current sample. Random effects models were estimated when calculating each pooled effect size estimate, and mixed effects models were calculated for each moderator analysis. The analyses yielded significant effects of family-school interventions on children’s social-behavioral competence and mental health ([Formula: see text]s = 0.332 and 0.391, respectively). Effects on children’s mental health were moderated by race/ethnicity (effects were larger for African American students) and locale (effects were smaller in urban settings relative to nonurban/rural settings). Components found to be significantly related to positive outcomes included both interpersonal, relational processes (i.e., communication, collaboration, and parent-teacher relationship) and tangible, structural elements (i.e., home-based involvement, behavioral supports). These findings indicate the benefits of family-school interventions and have implications for tailoring interventions to family characteristics and communities.
DEFINISI HAK PATEN DAN PENERAPAN PATEN PADA STUDY KASUS SAMSUNG MOBILE
Authors: Damayanti Alvina
Published: January 2019

AbstractDefinisi paten merupkaan suatu hak khusus yang diberikan oleh suatu negara kepada seorang penemu atau pencipta atas suatu hasil pencapaian atau hasil ciptaan dari penemu itu sendiri yang salahsatunya dibidang teknologi. Hak paten tersebut diatur dalam Pasal 1 Ayat 1 UU mengenai HAK PATEN. Kata paten, berasal dari bahasa inggris patent, yang awalnya berasal dari kata patere yang berarti membuka diri (untuk pemeriksaan publik), dan juga berasal dari istilah letters patent, yaitu surat keputusan yang dikeluarkan kerajaan yang memberikan hak eksklusif kepada individu dan pelaku bisnis tertentu. Dari definisi kata paten itu sendiri, konsep paten mendorong inventor untuk membuka pengetahuan demi kemajuan masyarakat dan sebagai gantinya, inventor mendapat hak eksklusif selama periode tertentu. Mengingat pemberian paten tidak mengatur siapa yang harus melakukan invensi yang dipatenkan, sistem paten tidak dianggap sebagai hak monopoli.Artikel kali ini akan membahas mengenai sebuah judul yaitu “DEFINISI HAK PATEN DAN PENERAPAN PATEN PADA STUDY KASUS SAMSUNG MOBILE”. Samsung mobile, samsung mobile merupakan sebuah perusahaan terkenal yang ada du dunia. Siapa yang tidak mengenal produk yang satu ini. berbicara mengenai kebesaran nama dari sebuah produk teknologi yang satu ini, tidak terlepas dari sebuah kerja keras seseorang yang membuat, menghasilkan, menciptakan produk ini hingga menjadi besar seperti sekarang. Nama itu adalah LEE BYUNG CHULL, mendirikan paten pada tangga 1 Maret 1938 di Daegu, Korea Selatan. Dengan itu, penerapan HAK PATEN secara eksklusif dipegang oleh LEE BYUNG CHULL sebagai pendiri dari produk tersebut.Dengan demikian, dengan definisi dan fakta diatas dapat kita simpulkan bahwa sesuatu yang besar, sesuatu yang luar biasa, sesuatu yang dihargai dan patut diperhitungkan memang tak luput dari peran seseorang atau beberapa orang yang menjadi pemegang paten dari sebuah produk dan tentunya memang diperlukannya suatu keinginan dan npemikiran yang besar pula untuk menuju sesuatu yang besar dan luar biasa. Kata Kunci : patent , publik, letters, eksklusif, inventor.
The Evaluation Of Student's Competencies On Special Education Programs
Authors: Safitri Erna Retna
Published: January 2019

This research was based on the understanding that special education programs are aimed to form learners with physical and or mental disorders to be able to develop attitudes, knowledge and skills as individuals and members of the community in mutual relationships with the surrounding social, cultural and natural environment and to develop skills in the world of occupation or to follow further education. Characteristics of students with special needs also require handling that considers about their potential and needs so that could be improved optimally. This research aimed to evaluate attitudes, knowledge and skills competencies of student in special education programs. The research was conducted by using evaluative qualitative approach with CIPP models of evaluation. The results indicated that mastery of attitude competency in special education programs is quite good, as well as in mastery of knowledge competency. But still need improvement in mastering the skills competency
COMMITMENT OF PRINCIPAL IN IMPLEMENTING TASKS IN HIGH SCHOOL FIRST STATE IN PADANG
Authors: Syahril Syahril
Published: January 2019

Commitment is the principal determinants of success in leading a school. This study aims to determine the work commitments Head Junior High School in the city of Padang in performing the task. This study was a descriptive one. The study population was the Head Junior High School in the city of Padang. The research instrument used in the form of Likert Scale questionnaire. Data processing is done by finding the average score. The results of data processing show that affective commitment in carrying out the task of the principal is quite high with an average score of 3.83 out of a scale of 5, meaning that the principal has had affective commitment in carrying out the task. Commitment to continuous, with an average of4.12 means that in performing principals already have a continuous commitment. While the average scores for normative commitment is 4.02 this means that the principal also has a normative commitment in carrying out the task. In general it can be concluded that the Head of State Junior High School in Padang has had a fairly high work commitment in carrying out the task with an average score of 3.99. But still need to be refined and improved.
Remediasi Miskonsepsi Siswa Menggunakan Strategi Konflik Kognitif Berbantuan Simulasi PhET Tentang Rangkaian Listrik di SMA
Authors: Yusran
Published: January 2019

This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive conflict strategy assisted by PhET Simulation to remediate students’ misconception on DC electric circuits. A total 35 students were selected from class XI IPA 1 SMAN 1 Teluk Keramat by using intact group random sampling technique. The research design in this study using one group pretest-posttest design. Data was collected by using the diagnostic tests in the form of multiple-choice with open reasoning comprised of 18 questions by representing three concepts related to DC electric circuits. The result shows that average of decrease in number of students’ who have misconceptions for each concepts were 53,33% with a significance of decrease by McNemar test is (47,27) > (3,84). Therefore, it can be conclude that the decrease in number of students’ who have misconception before and after remediation is significant. The effectiveness of remediation by using cognitive conflict strategy assisted by PhET Simulation is 0.67 (medium). This research is expected to be used as reference for teachers to remediate students’ misconception.
BUDAYA ORGANISASI, PEMBERIAN INSENTIF DENGAN KOMITMEN KERJA KEPALA SEKOLAH MENENGAH NEGERI DI KOTA-KOTA DALAM PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Syahril Syahril
Published: January 2019

The study was inspired Abstractby the low of work commitments of the principal in public secondary school atthe cities in West Sumatera.The purpose is to determine the organizational culture and incentives as prediction factors work's commitments of theprincipal. Methodology Mixed methods research approach, in the form of embeddedconcurrent design or a combination of uneven. Population's studies is the principle of public secondary schools in the cities in West Sumatra province, amounting to 150 people. A sample of 116 people that taken at random. The research instrument was a questionnaire and an interview guide. Data processing is performed by multiple regression analysis and thematic. Results of data processing research indicates that organizational culture and incentives either individually or collectively can be used as a factor forecasters to work commitments principals.
Improving School Climate for Better Quality Educational Management
Authors: Syahril  , Hadiyanto
Published: January 2019

School climate is a situation formed by a relationship between the principal and teachers, teachers and teachers, teachers and staffs, teachers and students or relationships among students that characterizes a school and distinguishes a school from others. School climate might influence and determine the success of teaching and learning process at schools. The school climate consists of at least four dimensions, namely dimension of relationship, personal growth/development, system maintenance and change, and dimension of physical environment. Based on the studies done in several countries, school climate can be a variable influencing other variables, such as learning achievement, behavior and teacher job satisfaction, teacher work motivation, teacher morale, teacher creativity, teacher work performance, and teacher discipline. So, when the school principal wants to improve those practices, he or she has to make better school climate through common stages namely preliminary assessment, feedback, reflection and discussion, intervention, and finally reassessment.
Teaching Speaking using Oxford Dictionary
Authors: fadzilah Felicya
Published: January 2019

What is Oxford Dictionary? The Oxford Dictionary (OED) is the principal historical dictionary of the english language, published by Oxford University Press.
BUDAYA ORGANISASI SEKOLAH MENENGAH NEGERI DI KOTA-KOTA DALAM LINGKUNGAN PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Syahril Syahril
Published: January 2019

AbstractOrganizational culture is one of the factors that determine the success of the implementation of the activities within the organization. Organizational culture serves as a guide, reference or guidance behavior of the members of the organization to do and activities within the organization. This study aims to determine the organizational culture at the High School in cities within the province of West Sumatra. Data collected by using a questionnaire which was formulated based on indicators of research in the form of Likert Scale. Questionnaire studies have tested the reliability and validity. The results showed seven indicators measured, indicators of innovation and risk-taking, the stability of the organization and oriented to the cooperation (group) received a positive response from the respondents. This means that the school community has been given the freedom to do the innovations needed in the implementation of activities with regard to all the risks that may arise in the implementation of these activities, and stability as well as good cooperation within the organization. Overall results of this study indicate that organizational culture at the State High School in cities within the province of West Sumatra has been nurtured well with an average score of respondents
EARTHQUAKE, TSUNAMI, AND SOCIETY COOPERATION: EARLY FINDINGS IN PALU OF INDONESIA POST DISASTER
Authors: Wekke Ismail Suardi , Sabara Zakir , Samad Muhammad Ahsan , Yani Ahmad , Abbas Tarmizi , Umam Rofiqul
Published: January 2019

Geographically, the Sulawesi Island is located on 5.36LU-7.48S and 117.02-125.74E. It is one of the safest islands due to its location that is not directly related to two oceans, namely the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. Sulawesi is divided into six provinces and has several small islands. This makes it one of the islands with the longest coastline in Indonesia. However, this is what causes Sulawesi Island to be susceptible to marine disasters, such as high waves and tsunamis triggered by submarine earthquakes whose distribution can be seen in figure 3. In this study, we tried to examine how the society established cooperative relationships with various social elements that existed, a few days after the disaster occurred. In addition, data collection was conducted through interviews, focus group discussions (FGD) along with scientific findings or research that had previously been conducted so that the results of the research became more accurate and systematic. This article was the initial findings so that it only presented data from sources in a homogeneous manner.
Psychological Networks in Clinical Populations: A tutorial on the consequences of Berkson's Bias
Authors: de Ron Jill , Fried Eiko I , Epskamp Sacha
Published: January 2019

In clinical research, populations are often selected on the sum-score of diagnostic criteria such as symptoms. Estimating statistical models where a subset of the data is selected based on a function of the analyzed variables introduces Berkson’s bias, which presents a potential threat to the validity of findings in the clinical literature. The aim of the present paper is to investigate the effect of Berkson’s bias on the performance of the two most commonly used psychological network models: the Gaussian Graphical Model (GGM) for continuous and ordinal data, and the Ising Model for binary data. In two simulation studies, we test how well the two models recover a true network structure when estimation is based on a subset of the data typically seen in clinical studies. The network is based on a dataset of 2,807 patients diagnosed with major depression, and nodes in the network are items from the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD). The simulation studies test different scenarios by varying (1) sample size and (2) the cut-off value of the sum-score which governs the selection of participants. The results of both studies indicate that higher cut-off values are associated with worse recovery of the network structure. As expected from the Berkson’s bias literature, selection reduced recovery rates by inducing negative connections between the items. Our findings provide evidence that Berkson’s bias is a considerable and underappreciated problem in the clinical network literature. Furthermore, we discuss potential solutions to circumvent Berkson’s bias and their pitfalls.
Evaluation of Borderline Psychopathy through neuropsychological and psychosocial factors
Authors: Fernandes Shannon John
Published: January 2019

Psychopathy, in its literal sense, is a dangerous disorder. It exhibits antisocial behavior, inclusive of rage or aggression, fantasy, etc. The current psychopath population is 1%, but this paper puts forth the probability of an increase in the current population. No individual scores a zero on the Levenson scale, and that in itself shows the innate harsh tendencies of the individual, hidden behind the social norms and good values, however, this paper shows how those could be affected and cause the individual to rank higher on the APD scale (given below), resulting in undesired antisocial behavior or the potential behavior. In this paper, we have taken the scores of the different generations (gen x, millennials, and gen z) to outline the statistical change in the scores to predict an estimate. This paper, through the different variables and the statistics, deduces an increase in the APD population to be a likely one in the future to come through theoretical prediction.
Challenges of being a diabetic in Nepal
Authors: Kattel Vivek , Maskey Robin , Lavaju Poonam , Taparia Rahul , Agrawal Yamuna
Published: January 2019

Not available.
Correlation between Body Mass Index, Thyroid Function Test and Neck Ultrasound in Euthyroid and Thyroid Disorder patients: a Centre Based Retrospective Study
Authors: Upadhyaya Tirtha Lal , Parajuly Shyam Sundar , Magar Dilasma Gharti , Pangeni Roshan
Published: January 2019

Background: Thyroid dysfunction is a major health issue among the Nepalese population. It is the prone region for iodine deficiency disease. Altered living status, sub-urbanization and behavioral factors among the people are believed to be thyroid sufferers. The effects of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism on body weight have been clinically clearly demonstrated however there are only few literatures published showing the relationship between BMI and thyroid function among the two groups of population (euthyroid and thyroid dysfunction).

Objective: This study aims to study the relationship of TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) and thyroid hormones with BMI and neck ultrasound findings in euthyroid and thyroid dysfunction subjects.

Methods: This is a centre based retrospective study carried out in Diabetes, Thyroid and Endocrinology Care Centre (DTECC), Pokhara Nepal. The study used the archives of the laboratory and patient clinical information on the Centre during the years 2016 March to 2017 March. Detailed information regarding  patientís age, medical history and previous history of smoking and alcohol consumption data, patients BMI (Body Mass Index) and neck ultrasound findings were obtained.

Results: Of the total five hundred and six cases, four hundred and forty cases were females and sixty six cases were male. 59.4 percentages of the cases had increased body mass index and about 48 percentages of the total cases had abnormal thyroid function tests. Of the total, neck ultrasound revealed findings suggestive of Hashimoto Thyroiditis in two hundred and forty four cases.

Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction is associated with some components of metabolic syndrome. The thyroid function disorders in conjunction with the strong influence of various environmental factors can increase body weight and lead to obesity. Increased in BMI has strong influence on thyroid hormone level.
A Diabetic Foot Survey
Authors: Ranjitkar Sailaj , Pradhan Eli , Paudel Sujan , Pradhan Shreya , Dhakal Subodh
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Diabetic foot has been defined by the International Working Group on the Diabetic foot and World Health Organisation as a Diabetic patient’s foot, associated with neuropathy, ischaemia or both, which has lead to ulceration, infection and/or deep tissue destruction An association of diabetic retinopathy with risk factors of Diabetic foot ulcer has been seen. Hence it is important to assess diabetic patients for risk factors leading to diabetic foot and tally these risks with diabetic retinopathy to help early diagnosis and management of diabetic foot and diabetic retinopathy.

Methodology: This is a community based survey of a cohort of randomly presented patients examined on a first come first service basis limited to maximum of 100 patients to be reviewed in a day in a free health camp in Jaishi Dewal, Kathmandu, Nepal. The data of the patients were noted in a proforma documenting risks of diabetic foot and diabetic retinopathy.

Results: Out of the 82 patients reviewed in the medical camp 38 were diabetic (type 2) with a mean age of 60.29 years being more common in females. Risk of Diabetic foot did have a definite association with level of education more common in the lesser educated and occupation (commonest in housewives). Awareness of risk of diabetic foot was only among 39.5% of the diabetic patients. Diabetic retinopathy was also seen only among 18.4% of the diabetic patients, being more common in the educated.

Conclusion: Education and awareness programmes towards diabetic foot protocol are important despite the level of education or occupation. In diabetic patients, it is important to screen for risks of diabetic foot especially if patient has a history of hypertension and also screen for diabetic retinopathy.
Diabetic Eye Disease Related Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices among Physicians in Nepal
Authors: Pradhan Eli , Khatri Anadi , Tuladhar Jasmeen , Shrestha Dina
Published: January 2019

Background: Awareness of diabetic retinopathy amongst general physicians is a major factor for the prevention of diabetes-related ocular complications.They are most often the first line of contact of diabetic patients and their knowledge and attitude are the principal indicators of their level of awareness.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kathmandu and is based on a structured questionnaire referring to Diabetic retinopathy formulated on Guideline for Conducting a Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Study by information, Education, and Communication expert.The questionnaire comprised of 18 questions and 45 physicians were enrolled. Significant differences and associations were determined by values of P < 0.05.

Results: All of the physicians (100%) were aware that diabetes can damage the eye and can cause visual impairment. Most of them agreed that patients with diabetes should be sent for ophthalmic evaluations with majority mandating an immediate evaluation after the diagnosis. The majority (98%) of physicians disagreed that eye examination was required only once the vision was affected. Only 56% of the physicians agreed they routinely perform direct ophthalmoscopy to examine the retina (p 0.551). Among them, nearly half (44%) reported not knowing the importance of dilating the pupil. (p=0.69).

Conclusions: The study shows a good level of diabetic retinopathy awareness and knowledge with positive attitudes toward the importance of diabetes care. At the same time, it has found that practice level despite good knowledge and attitude to be below average among the physicians who are managing diabetic patients.
Burden of Thyroid and Lipid disorders among Elderly Depressed Patient: A cross sectional study in Nepal
Authors: Joshi Rinku Gautam , Pandey Arun Kumar , Sapkota Nidesh , Kumar Rajesh , Shah Prashant , Maskey Robin , Kattel Vivek
Published: January 2019

Background and Objectives: Depression is common psychiatric illness among geriatric population  however it remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. Majority of thyroid and lipid disorders are asymptomatic or have vague symptoms unless they land with emergency medical conditions. The burden of thyroid and lipid disorder are under reported in elderly population especially depressed one. The objective of the study was to measure the burden of thyroid and lipid disorders among Elderly Depressed Patient.

 Materials and methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted at BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan. All written consent patients more than 60 years of age with diagnosed of depression using ICD 10 criteria were screened for thyroid and lipid disorders as per hospital protocol. Those cases found to have thyroid and lipid disorders were reevaluated by physician for possibilities to rule out the false positive causes.

 Results: The prevalence of thyroid disorder and dyslipidemia was 29% and 62.7% respectively among 51 elderly depressed patient. Subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with 25% of the cohort. Hypertriglyceridemia (54.9%) was the most common form of lipid disorders followed by 47.1% increased total cholesterol level, 19.6% increased LDL level and 13.7% low HDL level. The presence of thyroid and lipid disorders were not significantly associated with types of depression (mild, moderate, severe and recurrent).

 Conclusion: Low threshold should be kept to screen subclinical hypothyroidism and dyslipidemia among geriatric depressed population due to alarming burden and adverse impact on quality of life and longevity.
Lipid profile as a predictor of Neuropathy: The Sheffield Prospective Diabetes Study
Authors: Rajbhandari Satyan , Hamid Fahad Syed , Harris Nigel , Tesfaye Solomon
Published: January 2019

Background : Despite being a very common complication, the aetiology and potential risk factors of diabetic neuropathy (DN) have not been clearly determined in a prospective study. Aims: The aim of Sheffield Prospective Diabetes Study was to identify the abnormalities of physiological, biochemical, haemorrhelogical and cellular function for complications of diabetes in type 1 diabetes.

Materials and Methods: 66 newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic subjects (mean age 31 ± 9 (SD) duration (3 years ± 2) were identified and followed for 9 years. They had detailed neurological assessment (symptoms and signs score, nerve conduction, vibration perception threshold, warm thermal discrimination threshold and autonomic function tests) and blood samples taken for detail biochemical and haemorrheological analysis at base line and at follow up.

Results: At the 9 years follow up, 51 subjects were studied of whom 18 were found to have DN using Dyck’s criteria. As expected subjects with DN had significantly higher (p <0.01) mean HbA1 over 9 years of follow up (11.8% vs 9.8%), but it was not significantly different at base line (10.2% vs 8.9%; p= 0.37). In addition, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol at baseline were found to be risk factors for the development of neuropathy (5.9 vs 4.7 mmol; p=0.01 and 3.7 vs 2.8 mmol; p=0.03 respectively).

Conclusions: This prospective study confirms the findings of recent large epidemiological studies linking cardiovascular risk factors to the development of DN, and perhaps suggest a vascular aetiology for DN. Improvement of potentially modifiable risk factors for neuropathy may be useful for the development of risk reduction strategies.
Chronic Calcific Pancreatitis Associated Diabetes Presenting as Involuntary Weight Loss and Multiple Soft Tissue Calcifications in a Young Male
Authors: Kant Ravi , Sudan Aditya
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Chronic Calcific Pancreatitis, a rare form of secondary diabetes occurs due to recurrent alcohol induced acute pancreatitis.

Case Summary: A 28 year old male patient presented with significant involuntary weight loss associat-ed with a history of passing clay colored sticky stools for the past 1 year. He was also detected to have deranged blood sugars on routine work up at a local hospital for increased thirst and increased urine output. There was a history of recurrent bouts of moderate to severe abdominal pain over the past 3 to 4 years. At the time of initial presentation his Random blood sugar values was 468 mg/dL. Other routine tests tests were within normal limits. His serum amylase levels were 185 U/L and serum Lipase levels were 467 U/L.

Conclusions: Chronic fibro calcific pancreatitis is a rare cause of diabetes in young patients but has a characteristic clinical picture with a young patient presenting with features of malabsorption and low BMI, low propensity for DKA , low beta cell reserve and sensitivity to Insulin.
National Consensus Statement for the Management of Hypothyroidism in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Dina
Published: January 2019

Hypothyroidism, most common of all the thyroid disorders, is estimated to have a worldwide prevalence of up to 4.6%. Although epidemiological data of hypothyroidism in Nepal is not available, several hospital-based studies have indicated a high prevalence ranging from 8 to 11.6%. Currently, there are no national guidelines in Nepal for the management of hypothyroidism. This document reviews the current international and regional guidelines and summarizes a consensus statement specifically for Nepal based on experts’ opinion and evidence from literature.
Measurement of the electron temperature in dielectric barrier discharge by line-ratio method of optical emission spectroscopy
Authors: Tyata R.B. , Subedi D.P. , Wong C.S.
Published: January 2019

In this paper, experimental results of atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) produced in air and nitrogen gas have been presented. The discharge was generated using a high voltage (0-20 kV) power supply operating at 10-30 kHz in hemispherical electrodes system with dielectric barrier of glass between the electrodes. Optical emission spectroscopy was used for the characterization of the discharge produced at atmospheric pressure. The emission spectra in the range of 200 nm to 450 nm have been analyzed to estimate the electron temperature by line intensity ratio method. The results show that the electron temperature is about 0.70 eV in air and 0.71 in nitrogen.
GNDT II level approach for seismic vulnerability assessment of Unreinforced Masonry (URM) building stock
Authors: Shakya Manjip
Published: January 2019

Unreinforced Masonry (URM) structures, such as historic buildings, traditional buildings and ordinary buildings, exist all over the world and constitute a relevant part of the cultural heritage of humanity. Their protection against earthquakes is a topic of great concern among the earthquake engineering research community. This concern mainly arises from the strong damage or complete loss suffered by these types of structures when subjected to earthquake and also from the need and interest to preserve them as a built heritage.

This paper initially presents a methodology for assessing the seismic vulnerability of URM buildings based on vulnerability index evaluation approach. Moreover, this paper presents the correlation between vulnerability index and Macroseismic method to estimate the physical damage in relationship with seismic intensity. Finally, presents implementation of the methodology to construct vulnerability curves, fragility curves and estimate losses.
Petrography of low-grade metamorphic rocks of the Lesser Himalaya from Malekhu area, central Nepal
Authors: Acharya Rajendra , Paudyal Kabiraj
Published: January 2019

Petrographic study was carried out in the rocks of the Nawakot Group from the Malekhu area. Representative samples from all the units were collected systematically. The area is occupied by low-grade metamorphic rocks of the Lesser Himalaya. The main lithology of this study area consists of phyllite, quartzite, metasandstone, dolomite, slate and metabasics. The main aim of this study was to distinguish the individual rock types based on the petrographic characteristics. Necessity of this type of study is felt because about each geological unit has similar type of rocks. In the case of complex geological setting due to faults and thrusts, distinction between the macroscopically similar rocks is possible only under the thin sections. Keeping this geological problem in mind, altogether 12 thin sections of representative rocks were prepared and studied for mineral paragenesis, texture, microscopic structures, deformation characteristics and metamorphic grade. Chlorite is found in all pelitic rocks as a metamorphic index mineral.
Future energy scenarios of household in Bhaktapur District
Authors: Bajracharya Yogesh
Published: January 2019

Energy plays a pervasive and critically important role in economic and social development. So, energy planning is important area of study. For Bhaktapur district energy plan, the survey was done by using the questionnaire. Total of 91 samples from rural area and 112 samples from urban area were taken to prepare primary database. The total energy demand was 952 TJ in rural area and 458 TJ in urban area in 2013.

LEAP (Long-Range Energy Alternative Planning System) software was used for energy planning. Five scenarios, Business as Usual (BAU), Reference (REF), Accelerated Growth Rate (ACC), and Sustainable Energy for All (SE4ALL) in REF and ACC case scenarios were developed. Total energy demand in 2030 will be 2,748 TJ for BAU, 3,799 TJ for REF and 6,203 TJ for ACC case whereas total demand limits from 766 TJ and 1,241 TJ in SE4ALL scenario in REF and ACC case respectively. Again the total energy demand for 2045 will be 4,945 TJ, 9,104 TJ and 22,592 TJ for BAU, REF and ACC case respectively. Total energy demand for SE4ALL scenario will be 1,807 TJ and 4,381 TJ for REF and ACC case respectively. The GHG reduction up to 2045 by SE4ALL approach is 1.79 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent in REF and 3.54 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent in ACC Scenario.
A survey on network contraflow evacuation planningproblems
Authors: Bhandari Phanindra Prasad , Khadka Shree Ram
Published: January 2019

Evacuation planning is becoming crucial due to an increasing number of natural and human-created disasters over last few decades. One of the efficient ways to model the evacuation situation is a network flow optimization model. This model captures most of the necessities of the evacuation planning. Moreover, dynamic network contraflow modeling is considered a potential remedy to decrease the congestion due to its direction reversal property and it addresses the challenges of evacuation route planning. However, there do not exist satisfactory analytical results to this model for general network. In this paper, it is tried to provide an annotated overview on dynamic network contraflow problems related to evacuation planning and to incorporate models and solution strategies to them developed in this field to date.
Performance analysis of masonry building with courtyard
Authors: Shrestha R. , Prajapati R.S.
Published: January 2019

A courtyard masonry building is a series of masonry buildings built in-close forming a square or rectangular space at middle of buildings. Courtyard is the central part of the buildings. It is also the flourishing place for social and cultural activities and the safer place for rescue and shelter during earthquake. In different places of Kathmandu valley courtyard typed housing is found which are historically important and preserved as a world heritage sites. These buildings are susceptible to damage due to interaction of adjacent building and due to the arrangement of buildings in courtyard pattern. This study evaluates the performance of the buildings in court-yard form during seismic loading. Typical arrangement and height of the buildings in conglomeration which is usually found in different parts of Bhaktapur district are selected. From the simulation and analysis, the buildings in conglomeration are more flexible and resist more seismic force, while the buildings in corner are more vulnerable, and hence weak for the same seismic loading.
Spatial transformation in the urban periphery - a study of Lubhu, Lalitpur
Authors: Bajracharya Rijina
Published: January 2019

Cities are in a constant state of transformation. With the growing urbanization, spatial structures are developed or replaced by the new one with respect to time. The towns located at the urban periphery of such city centers have always been the foremost target space to cater the increasing urban growth. Thus the settlement pattern, spatial structures and cultural integrity of those towns are exposed to an inevitable process of transformation along with modernization. However, the issues of transformation may vary depending on the context. Thus the aim of the research (which is based on the household survey of 2010 A.D.) is to understand the spatial transformation and identify the issues in this transformation process in Lubhu, one of the traditional towns in Kathmandu Valley, located in the close proximity of urban boundary of Lalitpur. Since the town has two major aspects of spatial layout, the first being the traditional old settlement confined within the town gates at four cardinal directions and next the agricultural land beyond the traditional boundary, the research makes an attempt to analyze transformations namely an intensive (within the existing settlement) and an extensive (in peripheral agricultural land) transformation with some exemplary illustrations. The theoretical framework derived after the literature review facilitates the analysis of the spatial transformations happening in Lubhu.
Performance of RC frame structure with various beam to column flexural capacity ratio – a case study
Authors: Karanjit Sudip
Published: January 2019

The effectiveness of various Strong Column Weak Beam (SCWB) factors to enhance seismic performance is assessed for Reinforced Concrete (RC) frame building structures. In this study five RC frame buildings of different storey numbers have been analysed using different column overdesign factors. The results are compared as the influence of various SCWB factor over the expected performance of selected RC frame buildings in terms of enhancement in capacity and failure mechanism. With the lower value of SCWB factor insignificant change in capacity curve is observed while gradual improvement is observed with the higher factors. In terms of failure mechanism gradual change from column failure mechanism to beam failure is observed but the hinge formation at the base of bottom storey column is seen even with the higher value of SCWB factor. The effectiveness of alternative method of column flexural capacity enhancement by proposed modified SCWB (MSCWB) was also studied. MSCWB is found to be more effective in terms of enhancement in capacity curve and failure mechanism.
Seismic vulnerability of traditional masonry building a case study of Byasi, Bhaktapur
Authors: Basukala Shyam Sundar , Maskey Prem Nath
Published: January 2019

Historic buildings of Nepal are mainly constructed from masonry structure. Since masonry structures are weak in tension which leads to the failure of structure. So, to avoid possible damage in environment lives and property it is urgent to conduct vulnerability assessments. Seismic vulnerability of historic masonry buildings constructed in Bhaktapur at Byasi area is carried out for the case study. Five load bearing masonry buildings were selected out of 147 buildings considering opening percentage, storey and type of floor for modeling in SAP 2000 V10 Various methods of rapid visual screening (FEMA 154, EMS 98) are used to determine the vulnerability of the selected building. The Selected Building response is carried out by linear time history analysis. The seismic vulnerability of masonry structures is determined in terms of fragility curves which represent the probability of failure or damage due to various levels of strong ground motions for different damage state slight, moderate, extensive and collapse. From the result of Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) and Fragility curves of the buildings it is found that whole, buildings are found vulnerable from future earthquake.
Engineering soil properties of Bhaktapur pottery
Authors: Prajapati Ratna Shova , Shrestha Rameshwor
Published: January 2019

Pottery is one of the historic occupations of people of Bhaktapur. The tradition has been handed over to many successors, and the culture is still alive. Pottery in Bhaktapur municipality is concentrated in two parts namely; Suryamadi and Pottery-Square. The pottery work is adopted by ethnic group Prajapati, only they produce ceramic products in Bhaktapur municipality. Potters collect soil from specific location of Bhaktapur; Kamalbinayak, Nangakhel, Sipadol, and Tathali, which is suitable soil for ceramic manufacture. The soil samples from pottery site Suryamadi and Pottery-Square were collected. Grain size analysis, liquid limit and plasticity limit were tested. From the analysis, the soil sample from Pottery-Square was found to be finer than that from Suryamadi. Clay content and moisture holding capacity of the Suryamadi pottery work are greater than that of Pottery-Square pottery work. It shows that the Suryamadi pottery work had high tendency to get cracks and crumbled.
Analysis of IRI value for assessment of optimum maintenance strategy for low traffic volume roads in Nepal
Authors: Bala Ramesh , Gautam Ghana Shyam , Tamrakar Gautam Bir Singh
Published: January 2019

Road infrastructure is an important sector of economic activity for the development of a country. The road infrastructure is required to be maintained in proper condition to ensure its continuous utilization in proper manner. By proper maintenance of roads, continuous acceptability, a higher economy, safety and serviceability are gained. This research work was carried out through analysis of data collected from Department of Road (DoR) Nepal and surveyed through Google Earth. While analyzing data, data are categorized according to road type and pavement surface with spatial coverage. It mainly deals with the using of Road Economic Decision (RED) model, in which Highway Development and Management (HDM)-4 VOC model (Version 3.2) is used for computing coefficient of Vehicle Operating Cost (VOC) and RED Main Economic Decision model is used to compute value of International Roughness Index (IRI) for optimum maintenance strategy for strategic road network of Nepal with low traffic volume. The outcome of analysis will help the concern authority to make good decision on making priority and economical selection of maintenance strategy for the road having specified range of IRI value depending on the pavement type, surface type and volume of vehicle with spatial coverage.
Dynamic cluster management and resource utilization using JINI technology
Authors: Mahato Shiva Prasad
Published: January 2019

With the commencement of Electronic Transaction Act, Nepal has taken further step in the field of information and communication technology. With government offices nowadays starting to use computers; there lies ahead many challenges to maximize the utilization of computing resources offered by each computer and minimize the overall cost. With many computers, so many idle resources are being wasted unnecessarily. Jobs can be distributed out to idle servers or even to idle desktops. Many of these resources remain idle during office hours off or even during office hours with many users utilizing the computing as well as memory resources. The proposed model not only utilizes resources to optimum but also makes the architecture more modular, adaptive and then provides dynamic fail over recovery and linear scalability. This approach is useful in a place which requires clusters to set up to perform resource intensive works like data processing or computing works. This model can be realized using JINI/Java Space technology which is open source technology and hence, can be cost effective as compared to other proprietary solutions. The motivating factor of this paper is to understand and identify the architectural constraint in the existing distributed application.
Study on causes of delay and cost overruns in heritage renovation of Bhaktapur
Authors: Sukamani Umesh , Shrestha Hari Mohan
Published: January 2019

A fresh and present look at the performance and delivery of heritage projects is required because few studies have been conducted to explore the specific project management and participant issues that contributed failed elements (time and cost) in heritage projects. The major contribution of this research is in the guidance for improvement to help avoid delays and cost overruns in future heritage renovation projects. Bhaktapur municipality is rich in heritage; here the tourism market is one of the source of economy. Bhaktapur municipality has been selected for this study because many of the heritage renovation projects have been completed each year. Most of heritage renovations have been done with the help of users committee and amanat. Tourism has become an important economic factor for the region. So the heritage renovation is studied with the impact of the delay in the works. The research design for this study is more qualitative than quantitative. The main causes of delay have been found as difficulties in financing projects and poor managerial skills. Similarly, the causes of the cost overruns have been found as material cost increased due to inflation.