bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond Cycles of Hegemony: Economic, Social, and Military Factors
Authors: Goldfrank Walter L.
Published: September 2015

As we survey the changing world on the eve of the 21st century, scholars confront empirical puzzles and interpretive uncertainties. Those of us who identify with worldwide social and political movements seeking more democracy, more equality, more justice, and more rationality find ourselves at once free and daunted. We are free, finally, from the albatross of repressive party-states calling themselves "socialist," from the illusion that social-democratic welfare states are trending toward perfection, from the myth that national development in the Third World is closing the gap. And we are daunted by the double task of (1) reconstructing a strategy of global transformation and (2) making a viable movement out of the multiple oppositional fragments scattered about the global landscape. This paper attempts to confront some puzzles and interpret some uncertainties about the future. If it thereby contributes to understanding our responsibilities and political opportunities, so much the better. Using familiiar world-system concepts and findings, I sketch visions of the short-run, the medium-run, and the long-run, after first rehearsing the basic premises from which this interpretation follows.
INVIGORATING WORLD SYSTEM THEORY as CRITICAL THEORY: Exploring Philosophical Foundations and Postpositivist Contributions
Authors: Burch Kurt
Published: September 2015

World system theory comprises two distinct lines of inquiry: macro-social studies of historical world-systems and ideological critique. World system theorists often shun ideological critique, but for two reasons I argue it must be foremost. First, without explicit attention to its philosophical foundations, world system theory rests upon several unexamined, uncomplementary, liberal premises. These premises pose conceptual puzzles. World system theorists frequently cast such puzzles as methodological, empirical, or theoretical problems, rather than as symptoms of ideological confusions requiring critique. Second, through explicit critique, theorists may transform implicit philosophical foundations into explicit ontological and epistemological groundings. Such groundings will enable world system theorists to better realize their critical, emancipatory goals and to resolve theoretical puzzles. One such puzzle -- the conceptual distinction between politics and economics -- recurs often, arising in the debates on the relation(s) between the state system and capitalism and thwarting efforts to demonstrate the unity of the world system. I suggest that world system theorists engage in explicit ideological critique to lay equally explicit ideologicalfoundations for their histories. I suggest a critical, conceptually historicist, "constructivist" approach that builds upon postpositivist critiques and introduces constitutive principles. I illustrate the virtue of this approach by demonstrating the unity of the modern world system.
The Shifting Frontier: The Achaemenid Empire's Treatment of Western Colonies
Authors: Berquist Jon L.
Published: September 2015

Until recently, most formulations of ancient Israel's history within the biblical time-frame separated the time-line into four broad segments: pre-monarchic (also called patriarchal), monarchic, exilic, and postexilic. This outline allowed the construction of many major interpretations, based upon presumed differences between these periods. Newer presentations of that history, however, have called into question many parts of this reconstruction. Other terms are more descriptive than the appellation "postexilic," which has two chief drawbacks. The first is that it is open-ended; the last 25 centuries have been after the exile, and so will the centuries. The second is that "postexilic" defines the period in terms of its predecessor, and it is not surprising that much scholarship of this period has been reductionistic.
Future Hegemonic Rivalry Between China and the West?
Authors: Weede Erich
Published: September 2015

Currently there is a unipolar distribution of power. The United States reigns supreme. Russia's economic power will remain insufficient to underwrite a renewed attempt to establish global leadership. While the European Community still commands sufficient resources for exercising global leadership, it lacks the political foundation for unitary action. Moreover, the European addiction to the welfare state undermines European competitiveness. Japan is too much of a "trading state" and unlikely to become a first-rate military power, before she is overtaken by China in economic size. So, count Russia, Europe and Japan out as conceivable challengers to United States hegemony. China is the only plausible candidate. Its economic growth rate is nothing less than spectacular. Moreover, the Chinese government seems capable of extracting the necessary resources for waging a hegemonic rivalry from a society that is likely to remain quite poor for at least another generation. There are a number of conceivable scenarios for the emerging American-Chinese relationship. The future will depend on the relative speed of the American decline and the rise of China as well as on the openness of the global economy. The more open the global economy, the better the prospects for rising per capita incomes in China become, the better the prospects for some mellowing or even democratization of the Chinese regime. Only if the West sticks together under American leadership and if creeping capitalism in China leads to creeping democratization later, is hegemonic rivalry likely to remain benign and peaceful.
From Mesopotamia through Carroll Quigley to Bill Clinton: World Historical Systems, the Civilizationist, and the President
Authors: Wilkinson David
Published: September 2015

The noted comparative civilizationist and world-historical systems analyst Carroll Quigley, whose theorizing rested on the whole historical span from Mesopotamia to the 1960's, was a teacher well-remembered by his student Bill Clinton.  Quigley, by an intensive process of reduction, or rather idealization, of masses of historical data, derived a procedure for the diagnosis and therapy of ailing civilizations/world-systems, especially the one which he inhabited.  The coherent, persistent and personal motifs of the policy discourse and variant initiatives of his student, the President, bear more than a passing resemblance to the hopeful, idealistic, voluntaristic, intellectual, scientific, economistic, demi-materialistic propensities of the civilizationist and teacher.
Nationalism and World Governance:Comment on Warren Wagar's " Praxis"
Authors: Boswell Terry
Published: September 2015

It is no accident that every political leader in current times is disappointing at best. The decline of state e ff i cacy has its source in the remarkable increase in the pace of world integration, or "globalization," that has occurred over the last two decades. Increased economic and cultural interpenetration across state boundaries is obvious to most observers. The surprise is short lived when wefind such ironies as that both sides in the 1992 Gulf War followed the battles on CNN, that Chinese studentsraised a "Statue of Liberty" during the 1989 protest inTiananmen Square, or that in 1994 the US dollar becamelegal tender in Cuba. With globalization has also comea somewhat less evident decline in a state's ability to manage its share of the world economy.
World-System and Evolution: An Appraisal
Authors: Hall Thomas D.
Published: September 2015

This paper makes six arguments. First, socio-cultural evolution must be studied from a "world-system" or intersocietal interaction perspective. A focus on change in individual "societies" or "groups" fails to attend adequately to the effects of intersocietal interaction on social and cultural change. Second, in order to be useful, theories of the modern world-system must be modified extensively to deal with non-capitalist settings. In particular, changes in system boundaries marked by exchange networks (for information, luxury or prestige goods, political/military interactions, and bulk goods) seldom coincide,and follow different patterns of change. Third, all such systems tend to pulsate, that is, expand and contract, or at least expand rapidly and less rapidly. Fourth, once hierarchical forms of social organization develop such systems typically have cycles of rise and fall in the relative positions of constituent politics. Fifth, expansion of world-systems forms and transforms social relations in newly incorporated areas. While complex in the modern world-system, these changes are even more complex in precapitalist settings. Sixth, thesetwo cycles combine with demographic and epidemiological processes to shape long -term socio-cultural evolution.
THE EMERGING WORLD SYSTEM AND COLONIAL YUCATAN:THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF CORE-PERIPHERY INTEGRATION, 1780-1847
Authors: Alexander Rani T.
Published: September 2015

The conquest and colonization of Mesoamerica by Spain during the period AD 1519-1821 forms part of a macroregional interaction network known as the modern or capitalist world system. Regions incorporated within the world-system usually undergo economic change such that production and labor are increasingly commoditized, dramatically altering the productive strategies of households and communities. As Price (1986) observes, world systems theory is difficult to apply to prehistoric or precapitalist macroregional systems because the world systems analogy lacks referents to broader processes of state expansion, political-economic structure, and the corresponding archaeological record. This paper uses archaeological and historical data from the Parroquia de Yaxcaba, Yucatan, to explore the variable impact of political and economic change on the organization of production and labor of rural communities. Archaeological site structure and spatial organization are analyzed to assess the implications of world-system expansion for the archaeological record in a region where the market transitionultimately fails. Settlement patterns and site structure in Yaxcaba Parish suggest variation in production organization among communities that differs from historical reconstructions. Comparison of independent lines of evidence indicates that variation inthe processes of core-periphery integration are archaeologically recognizable.
Commentary on "Leadership, Production, and Exchange: An Evaluation of World-Systems Theory in a Global Context"
Authors: Lalone Darrell
Published: September 2015

As we expand and extend our applications of world-system theory, as we explore the shifting interplay between cores and peripheries, as we see boundaries emerge and dissolve, we also fix world-systems theory itself on the map table. What is its core? What are its peripheries, or would it claim that all human interactions fall within its sway?Thomas Hall, for example, does not take quite the entire map, but takes "intersocietal interaction" as the world-systems domain.
The Global Restructuring of Labor Movements
Authors: Silver Beverly
Published: September 2015

The widespread view that labor movements are facing a general and terminal crisis and have become irrelevant actors in the contemporary world is based on analyses which are short-term and core-centric. From a world-systems perspective -- that is, if we lengthen the temporal and geographical boundaries of analysis -- patterns can be identified that raise doubt.., concerning the wisdom of either generalizing from the recent experience of core countries to the entire world or projecting the current crisis of labor movements in the core into the indefinite future.
Globalizing Solidarity: Praxis and the International Labor Movement
Authors: Nash, Jr. Bradley
Published: September 2015

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Towards a Democratic Theory of the World-System: Democracy, Territoriality, and Transnationalization
Authors: Teivainen Teivo
Published: September 2015

A concern for the possible futures of the modern world-system has been a recurrent theme of world-systems analysis. There has, however, been relatively little effort to think about these futures in terms of democratic theory. In this article, I will explore some of the issues that need to be tackled to take radical and cosmopolitan questions of democracy better into account in world-systems analysis. In particular, I will point out some problems that need to be confronted in the collective process of locating and making visible the politics of nonpolitical spaces, such as the ones constituted by transnational business communities and their corporate bureaucracies.
The Networked Society
Authors: Prigogine Ilya
Published: September 2015

It is a great privilege to participate in the Festschrift honoring ImmanuelWallerstein. I am very grateful to Professor Wallerstein for having recog-nized in my work in physics and chemistry aspects which may be of interest for history and sociology.
Rethinking Current Social Sciences: The Case of Historical Discourses in the History of Modernity
Authors: Aguirre Rojas Carlos Antonio
Published: September 2015

Since 1968, it has been apparent that the entire system of branches of knowledge regarding the social domain, which dated from 1870 to 1968, has entered into a total and irreversible crisis. Established in the last third of the nineteenth century, and having been deployed during the ?rst half of the twentieth century, this particular episteme regarding the social domainwhich conceived the latter as a sum or aggregate of spaces, segmented, distinct and even autonomous among one another; spaces that in turn corresponded to the different and equally autonomous social sciences or disciplineswas progressively questioned. It ?nally began showing its general epistemological limits, permanently entering into an insurmountable crisis period as a result of the impacts of the 1968 cultural revolution.
La investigación para la paz y la perspectiva de los sistemas-mundo
Authors: Tortosa Jose Maria
Published: September 2015

El primer propósito de este capítulo es el de explorar algunas de las formas en que el enfoque de los sistemas-mundo puede ser aplicado a un campo aparentemente distante como es el de la investigación para la paz. La razón es sencilla: se parte de que el valor de una teoría puede medirse viendo su fecundidad y la capacidad que muestre de arrojar nueva luz sobre problemas y temas ajenos a la misma. De ahí se concluye que una buena forma de colaborar en una colección de ensayos en honor a Immanuel Wallerstein es la de mostrar que el enfoque que él iniciara proporciona ideas relevantes cuando se aplica a campos diferentes al original y da respuestas igualmente importantes a los problemas planteados desde otras perspectivas.
Still Partners and Still Dissident After All These Years? Wallerstein, World Revolutions and the World-Systems Perspective
Authors: Martin William G.
Published: September 2015

This essay owes its origins to the provocative title of a recent article by Immanuel Wallerstein: The Rise and Future Demise of World-systems Analysis (1998a). Demise? What might this mean? The title evokes, of course, Wallersteins pathbreaking 1974 essay that spoke of The Rise and Future Demise of the World Capitalist System. Twenty-?ve years later, Wallerstein is bold enough to speak of the demise of the perspective, a perspective that now encompasses a global group of scholars. For world-systems scholarship has, since 1974, thrived in book series, journals, universities and professional organizationscreating in the process a world-systems diaspora scattered around the planet.
Nationalism and Rationality
Authors: Hechter Michael
Published: September 2015

Recent years have witnessed a virtual epidemic of nationalist violence in the world. In 1994, for example, eighteen of the twenty-three wars being fought were based on nationalist or ethnic challenges to states. About three quarters of the worlds refugees were ?eeing from, or were displaced by, ethnic or nationalist con?icts. And eight of the thirteen United Nations peacekeeping operations were designed to separate the protagonists in ethnopolitical con?icts.
The Status of the Far Eastern Civilization/World System: Evidence from City Data
Authors: Wilkinson David
Published: September 2015

T. Chandlers city data are used to inquire whether, and when, East Asia was a world system in itself, or part of a larger Old World world-system; and whether, and when, the east end of the Old World oikumene was more advanced than the west end. On the available data, (1) A.G. Franks thesis of a single Old World world-system is less well supported than the thesis of a long coexistence of a plurality of world systems, including a separate Far Eastern system; (2) Franks thesis of the general economic lead of China over Europe is supported; (3) there is evidence of an interesting medieval outrunning of the west end by the east end economy, which begs further investigation.
Nomadism, Evolution and World-Systems: Pastoral Societies in Theories of Historical Development
Authors: Kradin Nikolay N.
Published: September 2015

This article discusses the problem of categorizing the polities and social formations of steppe pastoral nomads in Central Asia in comparative and civilizational perspective and placing complex pastoral society within a general scheme of cultural evolution. It also discusses the role that these societies played in the emergence of a larger Eurasian world-system.
Future Directions in Global Inequality Research
Authors: Bata Michelle , Bergesen Albert
Published: September 2015

This is Part II of the special issue on global inequality. The articles in thisissue extend some of the theoretical issues raised in the ?rst issue. By focusing on speci?c regions and comparing the development of global inequalities in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the articles in this issue suggest new directions in global inequality research.
The Power Configuration Sequence of the Central World System, 1500-700 BC
Authors: Wilkinson David
Published: September 2015

This article is the fifth in a series in which the political careers of civilizations/world systems receive snapshot codings of their overall power structures at feasible intervals. The narratives are produced by collating histories with large frames of reference. The codings are done using a nominal variable, polarity, with seven available values. Previous articles in the series have examined the Indic system 550 bcad 1800, the Far Eastern 1025 bcad 1850, the Southwest Asian c. 27001500 bc, and the Northeast African c. 26251500 bc. The Northeast African and Southwest Asian systems and sequences merge c. 1500 bc to form the Central system. In the current article, the power structure of the Central Civilization/ World System is appraised over its first 800 years at 10year intervals, from 1500 bc to an arbitrary stopping point of 700 bc. The systemic power structure is evaluated in terms of its predominant forms andtheir stability. During this 8-century period, the Central world system showed a distinct individuality, or character: multipolar and unipolar structures predominated; there was limited variety in structure, with extreme forms excluded; there was substantial structural stability. Over time, the Central system aged: its already limited structural variety further diminished, while its structural stability increased. The sequence of power configurations in the Central system is compared to the expectations of several theories. Toynbees revised civilizational model fares best, but leaves dynamical issues unaddressed; the classical European balance of power model matches the kinematics (the sequence of forms), but not the dynamics, of behavior of the Central system. Alternative future directions of inquiry are discussed.
Introduction to Premodern Historical Systems: The Rise and Fall of States and Empires
Authors: Chase-Dunn Christopher
Published: September 2015

Here are three studies of the phenomenon of rise and fall in premodern historical systems. In the modern world-system an analogous process takes the form of the rise and fall of hegemonic core powers, and the arena of contention became global in scope during the 19th century (c.e.). The studies here are of three di?erent and largely separate regional world-systems during di?erent time periods. All three focus on state formation, empire building and collapse.
Contemporary Intra-Core Relations and World Systems Theory
Authors: Gowan Peter
Published: September 2015

This paper focuses upon one small region of World-Systems Theory (wst) but one that is important for analysis of the contemporary world: the dynamics of intra-core relations.I will try to address three questions: 1. Does the wst theory of the historically cyclical patterns of intra-core relations provide us with a persuasive framework for understanding contemporary core dynamics? 2. More specifically can the reach and depth of the power of the United States within the contemporary core be captured by wsts theory of capitalist hegemons and their rise and decline? 3. Is wsts insistence that its concept of core-wide world empires cannot be established in the modern world system valid? In addressing these issues, I will begin by outlining the general approach of wst to the analysis of intra-core relations, focusing in particular upon wsts concept of core hegemons and their rise and fall. I will then look at the arguments of wst as to why a capitalist world empire is impossible. I will then go on to examine how we might conceive of the victory of a World-Empire. And I will then turn to examine the contending situation and the character of the power of the US today.
From Antisweatshop to Global Justice to Antiwar: How the new New Left is the Same and Different From the old New Left
Authors: Ross Robert J.S.
Published: September 2015

In January of 1999 a new student movement announced itself on the cam-puses of American universities. It began a campaign for a sweat free campus and it did so in dramatic fashionby occupying over the next four months Administration buildings on seven campusesDuke (January 29), Georgetown (February 5), Wisconsin (February 8), Michigan (March 17), Fair?eld (April 15), and North Carolina and Arizona (April 21). In each case, the students demands were focused on labor exploitation in the apparel industrythe sweatshop problem.
Long-Term Trends in World Politics
Authors: Modelski George
Published: September 2015

A revisit, and an extension, of the paper From Leadership to Organization: The Evolution of Global Politics, originally presented at the University of Zurich in 1993. Three long-term processes: the evolution of global politics (or political globalization); the rise and decline of world powers (the long cycle of global politics); and the emergence of the world system, have been reviewed and updated.
Chaos or ReOrder? The Future of Hegemony in a World-System in Upheaval
Authors: Rennstich Joachim Karl
Published: September 2015

Observing the latest trends of a rise in interest in the development of power distribution in a world-system created and dominated by states but increasingly challenged as such, this paper takes a deeper look at the historical evolution of this system, its current transformation, and likely future development. After a brief discussion of prevalent concepts of world(-)system development and its socio-political control, this work offers an evolutionary perspective to place current changes of power and its distribution in the dynamic long-term development of global system formation. It then presents alternative visions of the future development of political and economic hegemony. It concludes that a further rise in instability of global political power distribution accompanied by a likely challenge to existing distributional patterns has a high probability of occurrence.
Global Disparities Since 1800: Trends and Regional Patterns
Authors: Alam M. Shahid
Published: September 2015

This paper reviews the growing body of evidence on the relative economic standing of different regions of the world in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. In general, it does not find support for Euro-centric claims regarding Western Europes early economic lead. The Eurocentric claims are based primarily on estimates of per capita income, which are plagued by conceptual problems, make demands on historical data that are generally unavailable, and use questionable assumptions to reconstruct early per capita income. A careful examination of these conjectural estimates of per capita income, however, does not support claims that Western Europe had a substantial lead over the rest of the world at the beginning of the nineteenth century. An examination of several alternative indices of living standards in the late eighteenth or early nineteenth centuriessuch as real wages, labor productivity in agriculture, and urbanizationalso fails to confirm claims of European superiority. In addition, this paper examines the progress of global disparitiesincluding the presence of regional patternsusing estimates of per capita income.
Core and Periphery Relations: A Case Study of the Maya
Authors: Teixeira Stephanie M. , Smith Keri E. Iyall
Published: September 2015

How do indigenous peoples relate to the core over the longue duree? In this paper, we explore the implications of colonialism from a world-systems perspective, examining interactions in the economic and political structures in addition to the effects of landlessness for indigenous peoples in one case: the Maya. After reviewing world-systems theory and applying it to indigenousness, we discuss Ragins (1992) conceptualization of cases and the comparative historical method. Then we introduce the relational concept, a tool that allows us to employ both the comparative historical method and world-systems theory in our analysis of the Maya and their relationship to the state of Mexico. We then present our data, which consist of the economic and political conditions, along with the cultural implications of landholding across time among the Maya and in Mexico. We analyze these data using the relational concept to understand the consequences of colonialism and globalization for the Maya people.
Ancient Core-Periphery Interactions: Lower Nubia During Middle Kingdom Egypt (ca. 2050-1640 B.C.)
Authors: Flammini Roxana
Published: September 2015

This paper applies the core-periphery theoretical framework as an attempt to explain the nature of the Egyptian intervention in Lower Nubia and the subsequent sociopolitical status the region acquired during the Middle Kingdom (ca. 2050-1640 BC) through consideration of the ideological bias held by the Egyptian State along with its economic and political goals.
The Role of Historical-Cultural Formations within World-Systems Analysis: Reframing the Analysis of Biomedicine in East Africa
Authors: Baronov David
Published: September 2015

This essay introduces a novel analytical concept for world-systems analysis, historical-cultural formations, for the purpose of analyzing reciprocal global cultural exchanges across the capitalist world-system. This is done through four basic procedures. First, the perspective of world-systems analysis is adopted for the purpose of analyzing biomedicine in world-historical context and biomedicine itself is re-conceptualized as a historical-cultural formation across a single capitalist world-system. Second, in order to conceptually incorporate historical-cultural formations, the basic analytical framework of world-systems analysis is expanded to include cultural forms as integral features of the capitalist world-system, parallel with economic and political structures. Third, biomedicine is framed as an ontological whole, comprised of multiple, embedded ontological spheres that define it as a dynamic cultural form subject to ongoing change and development. Fourth, biomedicines journey to East Africa is framed as a facet of East Africas incorporation into the capitalist world-system  a necessary prelude to the globalization of biomedicine as a historical-cultural formation. Ultimately, contemporary East African medical systems are discovered to be but the latest incarnation of an evolving, global biomedicine  understood as a singular historical-cultural formation across the capitalist world-system.
Looking Back and Forging Ahead: Thirty Years of Social Network Research on the World-System
Authors: Lloyd Paulett , Mahutga Matthew C. , De Leeuw Jan
Published: September 2015

We review three decades of research linking social network methods with world systems theory. We identify four themes nested within two versions of a general social network methodologythe identification of network Roles and Position. The themes vary by the type of data and the definition of equivalence used to identify roles and positions. Second, we provide a demonstration of the general methodological approach taken in the literature, applying a recent methodological innovation to a newly compiled large global trade dataset. The results identify the expected core/periphery interaction pattern, suggesting that it is a fundamental feature of cross-national trade data, regardless of how the data are analyzed. We conclude by suggesting both methodological and substantive directions for future social network research on the world-system.
World Social Forum Activism in Belem and Beyond
Authors: Smythe Elizabeth , Byrd Scott C.
Published: September 2015

A young man dressed as a clown shelters under our umbrella in the center of Belém in the downpour before the opening march begins while a group of people with painted bodies and feathered headdresses chant and charge up the middle as thousands of marchers push apart to let them pass to the front. The words save the Amazon are spelled out with human bodies. Union members are present in force, all donning shirts with their syndicates name and logo. All these scenes are just a small part of the kaleidoscope of images that are the World Social Forum in 2009. But what do they mean; and what does this most recent manifestation of the World Social Forum process tell us about this nine-year struggle to define an alternative vision to global neo-liberal capitalism? This article provides a brief reflection of nine years of Social Forum activism against the backdrop of the most recent World Social Forum held in the city of Belém, in the northeastern state of Para, Brazil from January 27-February 1, 2009.
The Limits to Dollarization in Ecuador: Lessons from Argentina
Authors: Vernengo Matias , Bradbury Mathew
Published: September 2015

The paper draws lessons from the failed Argentine experience with convertibility to highlight the dangers of dollarization in Ecuador. Argentinas currency peg to the US dollar was successful in reducing inflation but given the overvalued real exchange rate, created burgeoning twin deficits and a chronic dependency on foreign capital. Ecuador too suffers from chronic current account imbalance. In contrast to Argentina, Ecuador seems to be relying on remittance income to close its external financing gap. Though perhaps this model is less unstable than that of relying on foreign capital it is no more sustainable. The paper closes with a realistic critique of thisdevelopment strategy.
Capital Movements and Environmental Harms
Authors: Dick Christopher , Jorgenson Andrew K.
Published: September 2015

The authors engage appropriate macrosociological theorization and employ quantitative comparative methods to assess the extent to which various forms of environmental degradation in less-developed countries are tied to inward foreign direct investment in the primary and secondary sectors. Analyzed outcomes include carbon dioxide emissions, industrial organic water pollution, and deforestation. Such forms of environmental harms are known to partially shape migration processes as well as other social dynamics. Results of longitudinal analyses indicate that all three forms of environmental degradation are positively associated with sector-level inward foreign direct investment, which provides broad support for the engaged theoretical orientation.
The Effects of Global Interaction on Poverty in Developing Countries, 1991-2005
Authors: Hall Jason , Bass Loretta
Published: September 2015

While previous studies have examined the impact of globalization on a myriad of welfare outcomes in developing countries, the effect of cross-national exchanges on extreme poverty remains unexplored. Poverty has declined substantially during this most recent wave of globalization, suggesting that cross-border relations may be partially responsible. We test this proposition by estimating the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI), trade openness, and the presence of international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) on poverty, measured at both the $1.25-a-day (extreme poverty) level, and the $2.50-a-day (moderate poverty) level, net of domestic conditions. Using a sample of 114 developing countries over five waves of data collected from 1991 to 2005, results from random effects models show that FDI exhibits a positive relationship with poverty at the $1.25 and $2.50 levels, while trade openness demonstrates a negative relationship with both extreme and moderate poverty. Once domestic conditions are controlled, INGO participation fails to demonstrate a significant effect on poverty at either level. Among domestic variables, economic growth and fertility rate affect poverty at the $1.25 level, while growth and domestic investment demonstrate an effect at the $2.50 level. These findings confirm that global interaction by poor countries influences poverty reduction within these countries, but in different directions.
Chen, Xiangming. 2009. Shanghai Rising: State Power and Local Transformation in a Global Megacity. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. 280 Pages, ISBN-13 978-0816654888 Paper ($25); ISBN-13: 978-0816654871 Cloth ($75)
Authors: Smith David A.
Published: September 2015

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Chew, Sing and Pat Lauderdale eds. 2010. Theory and Methodology of World Development: The Writings of Andre Gunder Frank. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. 289 pages. ISBN 978-0-230-62311-8 Cloth. ($85).
Authors: Denemark Robert A.
Published: September 2015

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Centeno, Miguel A and Joseph N. Cohen. 2010. Global Capitalism: A Sociological Perspective. Cambridge: Polity Press. 180 pages. ISBN 9780745644509 Cloth ($59.95), ISBN 9780745644516 Paper (22.95).
Authors: Ross Robert J.S.
Published: September 2015

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Mostern, Ruth. 2011. “Dividing the Realm in Order to Govern”: The Spatial Organization of the Song State (960 – 1276 CE). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center. 396 pages, ISBN-13 978-0674056022 Cloth ($49.95)
Authors: Manning Patrick
Published: September 2015

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Greaves, Alan M. 2010. The Land of Ionia: Society and Economy in the Archaic Period. New York: Wiley-Blackwell. 269 Pages, ISBN 978-1-4051-9900-1 Cloth ($110).
Authors: Kardulias Nick
Published: September 2015

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Lessons from Comparing the Two Southwests: Southwest China and Northwest New Spain/Southwest US
Authors: Hall Thomas D.
Published: September 2015

I compare and contrast two "southwestern"" frontiers: the southwestern United States. long northeast New Spain (short hand: New Mexico) and southwest China (short hand: Yunnan). Both have been. and even today remain. frontier zones. In the 2]51 century both are also important borderlands for two of the most important players in the modern world-system. the United States and China. They share a historical orientation to the areas outside of the two states into which they were ultimately incorporated. Both brought a great deal of new practices and ideas into the incorporating states. They serve to give deep historical backgrounds which put discussions of contemporary globalization in perspective. This comparison also makes clear that the concepts of nation-state and precise borders are typically modern and that setting precise borders is a continuing project. even while borderlands remain. like the frontiers that preceded them. frontier zones. These comparisons may also yield insights into world-system expansion and incorporation.
Population Dynamics in the Capitalist World-Economy
Authors: Danna Daniela
Published: September 2015

World-systems analysis has given scant attention to population dynamics. Overlooked are large-scale macrohistorical population trends and their microhistorical foundation on procreative decisions-decisions which are taken by a historically changing subject of procreation: local elders or other authorities, head(s) of the household, couples, and women. The discipline of demography is also not as helpful as it could be, given its basis in modernization theory, which fails to recognize intentionality in reproduction in pre-capitalist societies. It assumes a model of "demographic transition" from a state of "natural fertility" to a state of conscious family planning, while also treating mortality as independent of fertility Marxism recognized the importance of population as a source of labor for profit and capital accumulation. With its tools Sydney Coontz developed a demand for labor theory explaining in particular the decrease in the birth rate in England and the United States at the turn of the century This theory was f urther developed by anthropologists of the "mode of product ion and population pat terns " who, with other authors, offer useful theories and insights to advance world-historical research on population. This article explores connections between population dy namics and world-systems analysis. I explore six key questions at different levels of analysis, including: 1) Are there world-systems ' imperatives concerning human reproduction?; 2) Do human reproduction imperatives differ across world-systems.'?; 3) How do the (eventual) systems requirements get transmitted to households and individuals'?; 4) Why do people have children.'?; 5) Who is the subject of procreation decisions'?; and 6) How is the number of offspring chosen? Finally, I offer guidelines for applying the six questions to the capitalist world-economy.
Prólogo Vol.8(1)
Authors: Pineda De Carías María Cristina
Published: August 2015

Revista Ciencias Espaciales, Volumen 8, Número 1 Primavera, 2015; 9-30
Análisis de parámetros morfométricos y su relación con condiciones de vulnerabilidad en la ecorregión de las Yungas, Argentina
Authors: Serafini MC , Fea Maurizio , Di Franco LA , Cuello AR , Antes MA , Villanueva SN , Sione WF , González FC , Redondo FV
Published: August 2015

A principios del siglo XX, el sector continental argentino (2.791.810 km2) se encontraba cubierto por, aproximadamente, 100 millones de hectáreas de bosques nativos, superficie que se redujo a 33 millones a finales del mismo; incrementándose en forma notoria la tasa anual de deforestación en los últimos 30 años. Parte de esa superficie forestal se desarrolla en las provincias de Salta y Jujuy, con alrededor de 5 millones de hectáreas que representan ecosistemas ambientalmente críticos para el mantenimiento de la biodiversidad regional. Los datos obtenidos a partir de los sensores remotos resultan un aporte significativo para la evaluación de los cambios producidos en estos ambientes. El presente trabajo se enmarca en el Proyecto denominado “Evaluación de cambios en áreas de monte nativo y su relación con situaciones de vulnerabilidad ambiental en la ecorregión de Selvas subtropicales andinas (Yungas) mediante la fusión de datos Radar – Ópticos” y tiene como principal objetivo generar insumos temáticos que serán utilizados en la elaboración de indicadores ambientales relacionados con la vulnerabilidad ambiental en esta ecorregión. La zona seleccionada corresponde al departamento Ledesma de la provincia de Jujuy, una de las dos Áreas pilotos definidas para llevar a cabo este estudio. Mediante imágenes de la Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), disponibles gratuitamente en la web, fueron definidos parámetros geomorfológicos que permitieron establecer el comportamiento de determinadas variables. Los resultados obtenidos corresponden a diferentes capas temáticas relacionadas con parámetros como: Sombreado analítico, pendiente, aspecto, zona de captación, Índice de humedad, Factor LS, limitación de subcuencas y red hídrica secundaria, los que a partir de su integración en un Sistema de Información Geográfica permitirán contribuir en la elaboración de indicadores relacionados con la vulnerabilidad ambiental en la zona bajo estudio.Revista Ciencias Espaciales, Volumen 8, Número 1 Primavera, 2015; 174-189
Aplicación de interferometría radar en el estudio de subsidencias en el Valle de Toluca, México
Authors: Dávila-Hernández Norma Angélica , Madrigal-Uribe Delfino
Published: August 2015

El acuífero del Valle de Toluca pertenece a la cuenca alta del Río Lerma, en el Estado de México, siendo considerado como el segundo acuífero más sobre-explotado en México. Actualmente, la extracción del recurso ha causado impactos negativos como los procesos de subsidencia, dando lugar a agrietamientos tanto en zonas urbanas como industriales, implicando así la compactación de los estratos geológicos en la zona de estudio, que afectan al terreno.El objetivo fue evaluar procesos de subsidencia en el Valle de Toluca, México, a partir de Técnicas de Interferometría Diferencial que permitan la estimación precisa de la velocidad de deformación del terreno.Para ello se aplicó el método de Interferometría de Radar (InSAR) de mayor precisión conocido como “ Persistent Scatterer” (PS). A diferencia de DinSAR, PS permite la selección de pixeles que presentan una mayor calidad en su amplitud y fase (bright radar targets) a partir de multiples datos SAR. Se adquirieron así 30 imágenes ENVISAT-ASAR en modo Single Light Complex (SLC) para el periodo 2003-2010, con una resolución rango-acimut de 20.16 x 24.34, respectivamente.Los resultados muestran velocidades de deformación superiores a los 50 mm/año con máximos hasta de 200mm/año. En términos espaciales los procesos de subsidencia máximos corresponden a la parte central de la cuenca, coincidiendo con el casco histórico de la Ciudad de Toluca, al igual que hacia el este de la cuenca en zonas de cultivo y humedales. Para la validación del trabajo se analizó la disminución del nivel superficial del acuífero a partir de datos piezométricos y su relación estratigráfica en campo. Con base en lo anterior, se encontró una relación directa entre las zonas afectadas por procesos de subsidencias de acuerdo con PS y los puntos registrados con mayor abatimiento del acuífero en relación con la profundidad del nivel estático, referido al terreno.Revista Ciencias Espaciales, Volumen 8, Número 1 Primavera, 2015; 294-309
Mapeo de ambientes en el Parque Nacional Los Glaciares, Provincia de Santa Cruz – Argentina (Glaciar Upsala y Perito Moreno), mediante datos ópticos y radar e integración en un SIG
Authors: Cuello Alfredo Rafael , Antes Miriam Esther , Raed Mirta Aida , Sedeño Alicia Avelina , Delise Luciano Enrique , Gari Jorge Marcelo , Di Franco Leonardo Alfredo
Published: August 2015

El Parque Nacional los Glaciares se encuentra ubicado en la región conocida como Andes Australes del territorio argentino, al sudoeste de la provincia de Santa Cruz, en el límite con Chile, el mismo fue declarado “Patrimonio Mundial” por la UNESCO en el año 1981. Gran parte de este Parque estuvo cubierto por glaciares y los ríos de hielo dieron forma al paisaje con montañas de laderas abruptas y amplios valles. Actualmente, los hielos ocupan una superficie total aproximada de 2.600 km2, con 47 glaciares mayores. El área de estudio corresponde al Glaciar Perito Moreno, ubicado sobre el Brazo Sur del Lago Argentino, al Glaciar Upsala, ubicado sobre el Brazo Norte del mismo lago y a las áreas aledañas a los mismos. El uso de geotecnologías basado en la utilización de información satelitaria representa una alternativa de importancia práctica como herramienta de monitoreo y evaluación de recursos naturales. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un mapeo temático de los recursos naturales presentes en el área, para identificar y caracterizar los tipos de ambientes y las unidades fisonómicas forestales nativas, generando una cartografía temática de las unidades identificadas. Para generar dicha cartografía se utilizó información correspondiente a imágenes radar (RADARSAT-2, polarimétricas), en combinación con imágenes ópticas Landsat 5 TM; se utilizaron técnicas de procesamiento digital, clasificaciones multiespectrales y análisis polarimétricos, integrando los datos de radar y ópticos, aprovechando el aporte que ofrecen ambas tecnologías. La cartografía temática generada será integrada en un SIG territorial.Revista Ciencias Espaciales, Volumen 8, Número 1 Primavera, 2015; 327-343
Evaluación de modelos geoestadísticos aplicados a la exposición al contaminante atmosférico PM10 en Chile
Authors: Fuenzalida-Díaz Manuel
Published: August 2015

Se modela la exposición al contaminante atmosférico MP10 a partir de los datos registrados en 108 estaciones de monitoreo pertenecientes al Sistema Nacional de Calidad del Aire, utilizando geoestadística aplicada por medio del método Kriging ordinario, por su cualidad de representar fenómenos cuyos valores varían en función de la localización espacial de puntos de observación. El procedimiento se lleva a cabo en tres etapas: (1) Análisis exploratorio de los datos, para determinar si es necesario o no la transformación de los datos y la eliminación de tendencia en los mismos. (2) Análisis estructural para el cálculo del semivariograma experimental y el ajuste a seis modelos matemáticos teóricos seleccionados. (3) Predicciones para la obtención del Mapa predicción y mapa de errores estándar de la predicción.Los resultados obtenidos han permitido crear una superficie de valores estimados de exposición a PM10, que entre sus principales características, presenta una distribución territorial con un fuerte sesgo regional, concentrándose espacialmente en territorios del cluster minero y áreas metropolitanas. Los mayores errores de predicción se dan en sectores de baja densidad poblacional y de estaciones de monitoreo, en el desierto de Atacama y la cordillera de Los Andes.Revista Ciencias Espaciales, Volumen 8, Número 1 Primavera, 2015; 441-457
Activated-platelet targeting of CD39 as a potential way forward
Authors: Hohmann J. D. , Peter K.
Published: September 2015

Antiplatelet therapy is given to millions of patients and has saved numerous lives. However, it is also associated with complications including fatal bleedings. Clinically used antiplatelet drugs seem to follow the rule of an inherent link of improved anti-thrombotic potency with increased risk of bleeding complications. Therefore, there is an ongoing quest to develop drugs that are able to break this link that has prevented many patients from receiving antiplatelet protection and has resulted in substantial mortality and morbidity. We describe a new antiplatelet approach that is based on an recombinant antibody protein, a drug format that has recently attracted major interest. Two unique components are genetically combined in this molecule: 1) The ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase NTPDase CD39, which enzymatically degrades ATP and ADP to AMP, which is then further degraded to adenosine by the endothelially expressed CD73. Thereby, the platelet activating ADP is reduced and replaced by the platelet inhibiting adenosine resulting in a strong antiplatelet effect. 2) A single-chain antibody (scFv) that specifically binds to the activated GPIIb/IIIa receptor and thus allows targeting to activated platelets. The described fusion protein results in strong enrichment of CD39’s antiplatelet effect, resulting in potent inhibition of platelet adhesion and aggregation and thrombosis in mice. The activated platelet targeting allows using a low systemic concentration that does not interfere with normal haemostasis and thus does not cause bleeding time prolongation in mice. Conclusion: We describe a new antiplatelet approach that promises to deliver strong localized antithrombotic effects without associated bleeding problems.