bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medial temporal tau can be a predictor for amyloid-ß positivity in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Cho Hanna , Baek Min Seok , Lee Hye Sun , Choi Jae Yong , Lee Jae Hoon , Ryu Young Hoon , Lee Myung Sik , Lyoo Chul Hyoung
Published: March 2020

Introduction Although both amyloid-ß (Aß) and tau positron emission tomography (PET) are important for the assessment of Alzheimer’s disease pathology, obtaining two PET scans can be challenging in clinical practice. We sought to determine whether Aß-positivity in MCI patients can be predicted with only a single tau PET scan. Methods We prospectively recruited 105 MCI patients and performed two PET scans with 18 F-florbetaben and 18 F-flortaucipir with all patients. Regional 18 F-flortaucipir standardized uptake value ratios (SUVR) were measured using FreeSurfer-generated volumes-of-interest and with the cerebellar crus median as a reference. Results We classified 49 (46.7%) MCI patients as Aß-positive using visual assessment. In 12 regions showing greater tau uptake in the MCI-Aβ+ patients compared to the MCI-Aβ- patients, tau uptake in the entorhinal cortex showed the greatest area under the curve (AUC) value (AUC = 0.835, sensitivity/specificity = 73.5% /85.7%) for discriminating Aß-positivity. The second and third largest AUCs were obtained with tau uptake in the amygdala (AUC = 0.814, sensitivity/specificity = 65.3%/94.6%) and the parahippocampal cortex (AUC = 0.802, sensitivity/specificity = 67.4%/91.1%). However, post-hoc analyses revealed no statistical differences between the three regions. Conclusions Single tau PET scans may be helpful in the evaluation of disease state and stage at the same time in MCI patients.
Clinical and CT Findings of Adenovirus Pneumonia in Immunocompetent Adults, a Two-center Retrospectively Observation
Authors: Zhang Peiyao , Liu Min , Zhang Ling , Guo Xiaojuan , Lu Binghuai , Wang Yimin , Zhan Qingyuan
Published: March 2020

Background: Adenovirus pneumonia account for 5%–10% of respiratory tract infections in children. However, it is rarely observed in immunocompetent patients. We sought to describe clinical and CT characteristics of community-acquired Adenovirus pneumonia in immunocompetent adults.Methods: 20 patients with clinically diagnosed adenovirus pneumonia from two hospitals were retrospectively included from January 2018 to December 2019. Medical records and chest CT of all patients were reviewed and summarized.Results: A total of 20 patients who were consisted of 18 men and 2 women with a median age of 36 years-old (range, 18-48). The clinical findings of patients with adenovirus pneumonia is high fever (>39oC) with the normal white blood cell (WBC) count and decreased Lymphocyte and elevated C-reactive protein. 10 cases complicated with mycoplasma infection when admission. Staphylococcus epidermidis was found in blood culture of 2 patients. CT findings included consolidation in all patients, ground glass opacity (GGO) in 13 patients, and pleural effusion in 12 patients. 13 patients were mechanically ventilated and 2 patients died during hospitalization.Conclusions: The most frequent finding of adenovirus pneumonia on CT was consolidation in the early stage. In adult patients with high fever, normal WBC count and decreased Lymphocyte, consolidation with/without GGO in the early stage may be a clue for suspecting adenovirus pneumonia.
Marked Reduction in 28-Day Mortality among Elderly Patients with Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Post Hoc Analysis of XueBiJing Injection Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Liu Yan , Zhang Chi , Li Chengyu , Bai Chunxue , Shang Hongcai
Published: March 2020

Background There were a few studies on the case mortality of severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in elderly people. Improved outcomes with XueBiJing (XBJ) Injection versus placebo have been shown in overall trial populations. We investigated the efficacy and safety of XBJ versus placebo in subjects with severe CAP stratified by age (<65 and ≥ 65 years). Methods This post hoc analysis of a large randomized trial compared data from elder and nonelderly patients with XBJ, 100 ml, q12h, or a visually indistinguishable placebo for 5-7 days. Results Among subjects ≥65 years (n=291), 23 (16.0%) XBJ recipients and 41 (27.9%) placebo recipients ( P =0.014) died within 28 days. Among subjects <65 years (n=360), XBJ still had lower mortality (XBJ 15.6% verse placebo 22.8%; P =0.082), without significantly statistical difference. Total duration of ICU stay and the time of mechanical ventilation were similar in both groups ( P > 0.05). XBJ also had a favorable safety profile, with no clinically relevant differences between two groups. The overall incidence of adverse events was similar in both groups. Conclusions XBJ was safe and effective for reduction in 28-day mortality among elderly patients with severe CAP. Additional trials involving elderly patients are needed to further confirm the present results.
Effect of highly active anti-retroviral treatment on TB incidence among HIV infected children and their clinical profile, retrospective Cohort study, South West Ethiopia
Authors: Tiyare Firew Tiruneh , Deyas Yared Deyas
Published: March 2020

Background: Children younger than 15 years, carries almost 80% of the global burden of HIV/ AIDS. Nearly, 50% of cases of tuberculosis are attributed to HIV infection. HIV worsen the progression of latent TB to active TB disease. Despite antiretroviral treatment has shown marked reduction in Tuberculosis incidence , TB continues to occur in Sub Saharan country including Ethiopia. The effect of highly active antiretroviral treatment is quite successful in developed country while in developing country TB/HIV co-infection remains perplexing among children on the treatment. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of ART on the incidence of tuberculosis among Children infected with HIV in southwest Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on randomly selected 800 samples from ART clinic; between 2009 to 2014. We used chi-square test, and Mann-WhitneyU test to compare HAART naïve and HAART cohort. We used marginal structural models to estimate the effect of HAART on survival while accounting for time-dependent confounders affected by exposure. Result: A total of 844 children were followed for 2942.99 child-years. The children were observed for a median of 51 months with IQR 31 and for a total of 2942.99 child-years. From 506 OIs that occurred, the most common reported OIs were Pneumonia (22%) and TB (23.6 %). The overall TB incidence rate was 7.917 per 100 child years (95% CI, 6.933-9.002). Whereas among HAART (7.667 per 100 -years (95% CI, 6.318-9.217) and 8.1686 per 100 person-years (95% CI 6.772-9.767) for HAART naïve. The mortality hazard ratio comparing HAART with no HAART from a marginal structural model was 0.642 (95% CI 0.442-0.931, p<0.02) Conclusions: HAART reduced the hazard of TB in HIV-infected children by 36%. This is by far less than expected. Key Words- TB incidence, HAART, Clinical Profile ted children by 36%. This is by far less than expected. Key Words- TB incidence, HAART, Clinical Profile
Enterococcus faecium HDRsEf1 Represses CYP3A29 Expression in the Intestine through the TLR1/2-induced A20 to attenuate the NF-κB/RXR-α Signaling
Authors: He Yucheng , Li Yue , Gong Yinghui , Wang Ying , Jin Xiue , Shi Deshi , Wang Xiliang
Published: March 2020

Background CYP3A29 is crucial for drug metabolism in pigs and an important research model of human CYP3A4. Recent studies have shown that some probiotics can regulate the expression of CYP3A in mammals, but the mechanisms underlying their action are unclear. This study explored whether Enterococcus faecium HDRsEf1 could modulate the expression of CYP3A29 in pig intestine and potential mechanisms. Results we found that HDRsEf1 significantly reduced CYP3A29 expression in pig intestinal tissues and epithelial cells, dependent on cell-cell contact. In IPEC-J2 cells, HDRsEf1 treatment decreased the transcription activity of the CYP3A29 promoter, RXR-α expression and abrogated or mitigated the RXR-α or PXR over-expression-increased CYP3A29 expression. Both RXR-α/PXR over-expression synergistically increased CYP3A29 expression while RXR-α or PXR silencing reduced CYP3A29 expression. Co-immunoprecipitation revealed that RXR-α directly interacted with PXR. HDRsEf1, like a NF-kB inhibitor, significantly decreased the NF-kBp65 activation, RXR-α and CYP3A29 expression, which were abrogated by RXR-α silencing. The down-regulated CYP3A29 expression by HDRsEf1 was associated with increased A20 expression, which were abrogated by TLR1/2 silencing. Conclusions HDRsEf1 inhibits the expression of CYP3A29 through the TLR1/2-induced A20 to attenuate the NF-κB/RXR-α signaling in pig intestinal tissues. Our findings may provide new insights into the mechanisms by which probiotics regulate the expression of CYP450s, and suggest potential risks in the clinical application of probiotics
GnRH-a induced changes in endometrial pinopodes
Authors: Zhou Weiqin , Li Dawei , Ziwei Zhao , Pan Yanping , Jiang Yali , Zhu Chunrong
Published: March 2020

Our aim was to study the effect of GnRH-a on pinopodes during luteal phase support and explore the possible mechanism. Forty women with primary infertility due to male factors were enrolled for ART, and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Seven days after ovulation, the experimental group received a subcutaneous injection of 0.1 mg GnRH-a, while the control group received a subcutaneous injection of 2 ml of 0.9% saline. Serum progesterone levels in the experimental group were significantly ( P < 0.05) higher 3 days after compared with before treatment, and were higher ( P < 0.05) compared with the control group. Protein expression levels of the progesterone receptor in the experimental group were significantly ( P < 0.05) lower after compared with before treatment, and lower than the control group ( P < 0.05). The number of pinopodes and the percentage of pinopode maturation were significantly higher in the experimental compared with control group ( P < 0.05). The luteal support provided by GnRH-a may act through the corpus luteum, which may promote the secretion of progesterone, down-regulate progesterone receptor expression, increase the growth of pinopodes and improve endometrial receptivity, which ultimately increase the rates of clinical pregnancy, continuous pregnancy and live birth.
Anesthesia for resection of the trachea without its intubation
Authors: Kovalev M. G. , Akopov A. L. , Polushin Yu. S. , Geroeva A. N. , Krivov V. O. , Gerasin A. V. , Ilyin A. A. , Kazakov N. V.
Published: March 2020

Introduction. Currently, there is a tendency for a number of post-intubation patients to develop post-tracheostomic cicatricial stenosis of the trachea. This dictates a need for the improvement of surgical and anaesthesiologic approaches to intubation management. Objective: Analysis of the speciﬁc parameters of anesthesia for cervical tracheal resection in patients with stenosis of the trachea without its intubation.

Subjects and methods. We analyzed 12 cases of circular resection of the trachea due to benign stenosis. The degree of anesthetic risk was as follows: 11 patients – ASA 3, 1 patient – ASA 4. Tracheal stenosis persisted for 14±6 months before it was resected (Me 4, Min 1, Max 67). The length of the resected part of the trachea was 27±3 mm (Me 25, Min 15, Max 40), duration of surgery – 159±9 min (Me 160, Min 65, Max 240). The anesthesia strategy included the insertion of the I-Gel supraglottic airway device with a jet ventilation catheter put through the I-Gel. Temporary stenting of the stenosis zone of the trachea before surgery (if necessary) instead of bougienate was an important component of the anesthesia strategy. Mandatory use of sedation (dexmedetomidine) is suggested before and within 12 hours after surgery.

Results. This strategy can be successfully implemented if the minimum diameter of the tracheal stenosis exceeds 7 mm (the jet ventilation catheter is necessary to be applied through this lumen and a ﬁne bronchoscope used to monitor the state of the catheter tip). Preliminary stenting with metal stents was performed in 5 patients. The I-Gel lumen was wide enough to manipulate a ﬂexible endoscope, a catheter guide was inserted for jet ventilation, and then the catheter itself was placed. The use of high-frequency ventilation mask it advisable to ensure adequate gas exchange at all stages of the surgery. Sedation with dexmedetomidine reduced the patient’s discomfort after the surgery due to the ﬁxation of the patient’s head with stitches in a “nodding” position, which reduced anastomosis tension. In all 12 patients, this anesthesia strategy was successful and provided a more favorable environment for surgeons compared to the classical approach with the use of an endotracheal tube. In all patients, anastomosis healed by primary tension with no complications.

Conclusion. The use of a supraglottic airway device, dexmedetomidine, and temporary stenting of the stenotic part of the trachea allow the surgeon to avoid tracheal intubation during circular resection and expand the range of anesthesiological tools during tracheal surgery.
Comparison of Passing Scores Determined by The Angoff Method in Different Item Samples
Authors: KARA Hakan , ÇETİN Sevda
Published: March 2020

In this study, the efficiency of various random sampling methods to reduce the number of items rated by judges in an Angoff standard-setting study was examined and the methods were compared with each other. Firstly, the full-length test was formed by combining Placement Test 2012 and 2013 mathematics subsets. After then, simple random sampling (SRS), content stratified (C-SRS), item-difficulty stratified (D-SRS) and content-by-difficulty random sampling (CD-SRS) methods were used to constitute different length of subsets (30%, 40%, 50%, 70%) from the full-test. In total, 16 different study conditions (4 methods x 4 subsets) were investigated. In data analysis part, ANOVA analysis was conducted to examine whether minimum passing scores (MPSs) for the subsets were significantly different from the MPSs of the full-length test. As a follow-up analysis, RMSE and SEE (Standard Error of Estimation) values were calculated for each study condition. Results indicated that the estimated Angoff MPSs were significantly different from the full-test Angoff MPS (45.12) only in the study conditions of 30%-C-SRS, 40% C-SRS, 30% D-SRS and 30%-CD-SRS. According to RMSE values, the C-SRS method had the smallest error while the SRS method had the biggest one. Moreover, SEE examinations revealed that to achieve estimations similar to the full-test Angoff MPS (within one SEE), it is sufficient to get 50% of items with the C-SRS method. C-SRS method was the more effective one compared to the others in reducing the number of items rated by judges in MPS setting studies conducted with the Angoff method.
Análise de NO2, NH3 e PTS na Atmosfera de Paranaguá - PR
Authors: Souza Felipe Foroni Cota , Tagliatela Edipo Vinicius , Gurgatz Bruno Martins , Huergo Luciano Fernandes , Reis Rodrigo Arantes
Published: March 2020

As áreas portuárias são centros de atividades econômicas e também grandes geradoras de impactos ao meio ambiente. Nestas, ocorrem várias fontes de emissão de poluentes para a atmosfera. As consequências na saúde da população local, devido à grande emissão de poluentes no ar são diversas, e consistem no maior risco ambiental a saúde humana atualmente. Paranaguá tem sua economia baseada na atividade portuária, sendo o porto de Paranaguá um dos mais importantes do Brasil e o maior exportador de grãos da América Latina. Neste estudo, foi utilizado um equipamento chamado de APV (Amostrador de Pequeno Volume) para avaliação das concentrações de amônia (NH3) e dióxido de nitrogênio (NO2) e um AGV (Amostrador de Grande volume) para a avaliação de material particulado em suspensão (PTS). O monitoramento da qualidade do ar foi realizado ao longo de 12 meses. A média anual para dióxido de nitrogênio, amônia e Partículas totais em suspensão ficou no entorno de 12,9 ± 7,41 µg/m3, 3,61 ± 3,82 µg/m3 e 73,91 μg/m³ ± 36,71 μg/m³ respectivamente. Os dados foram relacionados com variáveis climática e de tráfego rodoviário, utilizando-se para isto o software estatístico R. As médias anuais dos poluentes amostrados foram comparadas aos resultados obtidos em pesquisas ao redor do mundo, identificando valores similares ou superiores aos de localidades mais populosas ou com intensas atividades antrópicas.
Manejo de Variedades Tradicionais de Milho em Comunidades de Agricultores Familiares no Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Hoffmann Marta , Sena José Ozinaldo Alves de
Published: March 2020

Este trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer e compreender as práticas de manejo de variedades tradicionais de milho adotadas em comunidades de agricultores familiares – assentados da reforma agrária e indígenas Guarani Kaiowá – nos municípios de Sidrolândia, Juti e Dourados, no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Foram observadas e analisadas as práticas culturais nas seguintes etapas de desenvolvimento: a semente; o preparo do solo; o plantio do milho; os tratos culturais; seleção de germoplasma; a colheita e usos do milho; e o armazenamento do germoplasma. Embora estas comunidades resistam na conservação das variedades tradicionais de milho a contaminação por transgênicos e os desequilíbrios ambientais são ameaças constantes à conservação destas variedades.  Para tanto se faz necessário o estabelecimento de parcerias entre instituições, bem como de um fórum amplo no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul visando a construção de propostas e ações para proteção e conservação da agrobiodiversidade deste estado.
Avaliação da Gestão de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos em um Município do Nordeste Brasileiro
Authors: Feitosa Anny Kariny , Barden Júlia Elisabete , Konrad Odorico , Matos Manuel Arlindo Amador
Published: March 2020

A geração e o acúmulo de resíduos sólidos urbanos tem sido uma dificuldade recorrente para os municípios brasileiros, que necessitam de orientações, subsídios e diretrizes para elaboração e implementação dos Planos de Gestão de Resíduos Sólidos. Com o intuito de corroborar com a temática, este artigo aborda uma avaliação da gestão de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos – RSU em Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Nordeste do Brasil, com base nos pilares da sustentabilidade ambiental, econômica e social, bem como na aplicação de indicadores da gestão sustentável de resíduos sólidos. Os métodos utilizados foram pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e pesquisa de campo. Constatou-se que o município necessita melhorar seus processos, operacionais e gerenciais, para dispor de uma estrutura mais eficiência, adequada aos preceitos da gestão sustentável de resíduos. Deve-se promover a coleta seletiva, a educação ambiental, destacando a importância da participação e envolvimento popular para que os projetos voltados ao meio ambiente possam efetivamente funcionar.
Contribuição da Opinião Pública na Construção de Novos Espaços Urbanos Sustentáveis
Authors: Dorici Mariana , Moschini Luiz Eduardo
Published: March 2020

A gestão urbana sustentável depende da criação de uma democracia participativa, pois, a falta de representatividade democrática compromete a capacidade de atuação e resposta às demandas sociais. Assim, este trabalho objetivou analisar a percepção dos moradores de dois setores censitários do município de São Carlos sobre o espaço em que habitam, buscando elencar pontos importantes para desenvolvimento de cidades mais sustentáveis e discutir a relevância da opinião pública para construção desses novos espaços urbanos. Foram utilizados dados secundários disponibilizados pelo IBGE, GPS de mapeamento Trimble modelo Juno SA, o software ArcGIS® 10.2 e questionários para análise da percepção dos moradores. A participação social e a democracia participativa tornam-se elementos de suma importância na construção do planejamento e gestão adequada  e devem ser estudadas da maneira mais aprofundada possível para que sejam garantidas e para que subsidiem corretamente a construção das cidades, pois, a demanda particular dos habitantes muda de um local para outro e a sua análise é tão ou mais importante que a definição de modelos pré-estabelecidos e rígidos propostos por outras realidades que não a do local em estudo.
Percepções na Conservação da Fauna Silvestre Amazônica em Risco de Extinção
Authors: Mateus Wagner de Deus , Higuchi Maria Inês Gasparetto
Published: March 2020

Esse trabalho apresenta as percepções da fauna silvestre de moradores das comunidades amazônicas participantes dos programas de conservação do gavião-real (Harpia harpyja) e tracajá (Podocnemis unifilis). A partir da observação sistemática e entrevistas semiestruturadas a pesquisa discute a constituição das percepções na conservação dessas espécies-bandeiras, a partir de processos sociohistóricos e saberes ambientais peculiares em cada comunidade. As percepções sobre o gavião-real se fundamentam na intangibilidade da ave, que os permite ora apreciar sua beleza, e ora temer suas poderosas garras. A conservação se embasa no reconhecimento de sua altivez silvestre e manutenção de seu habitat, mesmo que distante da vida comunitária, caracterizando um comportamento interespecífico. As percepções sobre o tracajá se constituem na sua docilidade, utilidade e função quase doméstica. A conservação se embasa no seu comportamento transespecífico, que o caracteriza como integrante “natural” da comunidade. Para essas pessoas, a percepção da conservação dessas espécies se constitui pela proximidade, conhecimento e experiências.
Criminalidad, inseguridad pública y comportamiento de los electores: un análisis del proceso electoral estatal 2010 en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua
Authors: Valdez Zepeda Andrés , Paniagua Vázquez Abraham
Published: March 2020

En este escrito se hace un análisis del efecto de la crisis de inseguridad pública derivada de la llamada “guerra contra el narcotráfico” en la conducta del votante en un momento electoral, a la luz de las diferentes teorías sobre el voto. Se describe en lo particular el efecto de la actual crisis de inseguridad pública en los resultados de las elecciones locales del 2010 en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México. Se concluye que una crisis de inseguridad y violencia orienta el comportamiento electoral. El caso de Ciudad Juárez muestra
La dimensión fronteriza de la política exterior de Chile: inmovilidad y emergencia de nuevas dinámicas
Authors: Ovando Santana Cristian , Álvarez Fuentes Gonzalo
Published: March 2020

El documento constata las prioridades de la política pública fronteriza que define la política exterior de Chile. A través de un esquema teórico proveniente del debate racionalista–reflexivo de las relaciones internacionales, se sostiene que pese a la creciente apertura, internacionalización del país y la emergencia de actores e iniciativas subnacionales en el ámbito fronterizo, no siempre coinciden las miradas y opciones entre los actores de este nuevo ámbito y las definiciones de política exterior. Se plantea la necesidad de establecer mecanismos que concilien las posturas entre actores políticos y sociales regionales con organismos intermedios y los provenientes del nivel central.
Factores de conflicto en la cooperación por el agua en cuencas compartidas: caso Río Hondo (México–Guatemala–Belice)
Authors: Olvera Alarcón David Nemesio , Kauffer Michel Edith Françoise , Inge Schmook Birgit , Huicochea Gómez Laura
Published: March 2020

La cuenca del Río Hondo es un territorio compartido entre México, Guatemala y Belice. Se cuenta con escasa información sobre la concertación de la cooperación por el agua en la cuenca y las razones que impiden dicho proceso. Sin embargo, se sabe de la existencia de algunos factores que limitan la cooperación. En el presente artículo se describen los factores de conflicto y sus vínculos con la deficiente cooperación en torno al agua en la cuenca. La construcción del análisis se cimentó en la teoría fundamentada, con el empleo de la entrevista semiestructurada y la observación participante como herramientas de recolección de datos. La información obtenida se analizó por medio de una codificación de información basada en: los conflictos antrópicos, su relación con la cooperación y el papel institucional como parte de conflictos potenciales. Para la ubicación de actores y la elaboración de entrevistas, se acudió a un análisis hemerográfico y a las relaciones existentes con actores involucrados en el tema a partir de un trabajo previo en 2003, además de aplicarse la técnica de “bola de nieve” para identificar nuevos actores clave. El trabajo resalta cómo los factores de conflicto que existen en la cuenca pueden diezmar procesos e intentos de cooperación.
Sentimiento y cuerpo. Violencia hacia las mujeres en Mexicali
Authors: Balbuena Bello Raúl , Magaña Mancillas Mario Alberto Gerardo , Arredondo Cruz María de Lourdes
Published: March 2020

El presente documento pone a la discusión un elemento (a nuestro juicio) fundamental que debe ser tomado en cuenta en los estudios sobre mujeres: entender cómo se les presenta el tema de la violencia. Sobre las formas en que se experimenta se ha escrito suficiente (aunque no tanto como para dejar de hablar de ello), sin embargo, hace falta saber más acerca de la forma en que las mujeres se ven “enroladas” en el círculo de la violencia y cómo ellas, junto con el mundo institucional, pueden colaborar con la producción (o reproducción) de la violencia. Así pues, el objetivo del documento es entender que la mujer puede convertirse en reproductora (consciente o inconsciente) del círculo de la violencia en consonancia con otros actores, como el propio “violentador” y el mundo institucional.
La selección de candidatos a la presidencia municipal de los partidos políticos en Ciudad Juárez como práctica y reforzamiento de democracia interna
Authors: Sarabia Ríos Cecilia
Published: March 2020

Son múltiples los análisis que se pueden realizar sobre un proceso electoral, uno de ellos es el caso de la democracia interna de los partidos políticos. En este sentido, este documento tiene el objetivo de entender la lógica del desarrollo de la democracia interna en las organizaciones partidarias de Ciudad Juárez, centrándose en uno de los aspectos de la misma: la selección de candidatos. La observación de la selección de candidatos a la presidencia municipal en la última década en Ciudad Juárez permite hacer observaciones sobre las ventajas y desventajas que para el partido representa la vida democrática interna, entender su grado de desarrollo y la lógica que lo motiva a su evolución o a volcarse a resultar atractivo sólo para el votante externo y no para el interno.
Curcumin Therapeutic Modulation of the Wnt Signaling Pathway
Authors: Ashrafizadeh Milad , Ahmadi Zahra , Mohamamdinejad Reza , Yaribeygi Habib , Serban Maria-Corina , Orafai Hossein M. , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: March 2020

Curcumin, isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, is one of the most extensively studied
phytochemicals. This natural compound has a variety of pharmacological effects including antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, cardio-protective, hepato-protective and anti-diabetic. Wnt signaling
pathway, one of the potential targets of curcumin through upregulation and/or downregulation,
plays a significant role in many diseases, even in embryogenesis and development of various organs
and systems. In order to exert an anti-tumor activity in the organism, curcumin seems to inhibit the
Wnt pathway. The downstream mediators of Wnt signaling pathway such as c-Myc and cyclin D1 are
also modified by curcumin. This review demonstrates how curcumin influences the Wnt signaling
pathway and is beneficial for the treatment of neurological disorders (Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s
diseases), cancers (melanoma, lung cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, endothelial carcinoma, gastric
carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma) and other diseases, such as diabetes mellitus or bone disorders.
Issues Impacting Therapeutic Outcomes in Pediatric Patients: An Overview
Authors: Kalra Atin , Goindi Shishu
Published: March 2020

The quest for achieving optimal therapeutic outcomes in pediatric patients has evaded the healthcare professionals for long and often lack of child specific dosage forms and the associated events that follow with it have been considered to be major contributor towards suboptimal outcomes. Consequently, there have been sustained efforts over the years to address this issue with the enactment of legislations like Best Pharmaceutical for Children Act (BPCA), Pediatric Research Equity Act (PREA) and Pediatric Regulation by European Union (EU) to incentivise the participation of pharmaceutical industry towards development of child friendly dosage forms. Initiatives taken in past by organisations like World Health Organisation (WHO) and Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi) to spur the development of child friendly dosage forms has helped to address issues pertaining to management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and malaria in pediatric patients. Present efforts aimed at developing child friendly dosage forms include oro-dispersible platforms including thin films and mini-tablets. Despite these leaps and advancements in developing better dosage forms for children, lower therapeutic outcomes in pediatric patients continue to remain an unresolved issue because of detrimental effects of additional factors such as parents understanding of label instructions and complexities involved in executing pediatric clinical studies thus requiring a concerted effort from pharmaceutical companies, academic researchers, parents and healthcare providers to work for better treatment outcomes in children.
NILAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER PADA UNGKAPAN HIKMAH DI SEKOLAH DASAR SE-KARESIDENAN SURAKARTA
Authors: Santoso Joko , Wahyudi Agus Budi , Sabardila Atiqa , Setiawaty Rani , Kusmanto Hari
Published: March 2020

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter pada ungkapan hikmah di sekolah dasar se-karesidenan Surakarta. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif kualitatif. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa kata, frasa, dan kalimat yang terdapat pada ungkapan hikmah di sekolah dasar se-karesidenan Surakarta. Adapun sumber data dalam penelitian ini yaitu ungkapan hikmah yang ditempatkan di sekolah dasar se-karesidenan Surakarta. Pengumpulan data penelitian menggunakan teknik dokumentasi. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan analisis isi (content analysis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter pada ungkapan hikmah yang ditempatkan di sekolah dasar se-karesidenan Surakarta meliputi religius, jujur, toleransi, disiplin, kerja keras, kreatif, mandiri, demokratis, rasa ingin tahu, semangat kebangsaan, cinta tanah air, menghargai prestasi, bersahabat/komunikatif, cinta damai, gemar membaca, peduli lingkungan, peduli sosial, dan tanggung jawab. Ungkapan hikmah yang ada sangat relevan ditempatkan di sekolah dasar. Hal ini bertujuan agar peserta didik memiliki kemampuan akademik dan akhlak karimah.Kata Kunci: ungkapan hikmah, nilai karakter, sekolah dasarCHARACTER EDUCATION VALUE IN THE EXPRESSION OF HIKMAH IN THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN THE RESIDENCY OF SURAKARTA Abstract:This research aims to describe the values of character education in the expression of hikmah (wisdom) in elementary schools in the residency of Surakarta. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The data in this research in the form of words, phrases and sentences contained in the expression of hikmah in elementary schools in the residency of Surakarta. The source of the data in this research is the expression of hikmah placed in elementary schools in the residency of Surakarta. Research data collection used documentation techniques. Analysis of research data used content analysis. The results of the research showed the values of character education in the expression of hikmah placed in elementary schools in the residency of Surakarta include religious, honesty, tolerance, discipline, hard work, creative, independent, democratic, curiosity, national spirit, love of the motherland, respect for achievement, friendly/communicative, peace-loving, fond of reading, caring for the environment, caring socially, and being responsible. The expressions of hikmah are very relevant placed in elementary schools. It is intended that students have academic ability and nobel character.Keywords: expressions of hikmah, character values, elementary school
PENGARUH METODE SOSIALISASI ORANGTUA DAN KONTROL DIRI TERHADAP KARAKTER SOPAN SANTUN REMAJA
Authors: Wardah Farhatil , Hastuti Dwi , Krisnatuti Diah
Published: March 2020

Adolescent is a transition period with developmental tasks of gaining a social role and emotional freedom from parents, but adolescent still cannot control themselves well. This study examines gender differences between boys and girls in parents socialization method, self control and their influence on manners character of adolescence. This study used a cross-sectional research design. A diverse sample of junior high school students (n=187; 87 boys and 100 girls) were selected considering proportionate random sampling method to answer survey using questionnaires. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS 16.0. Findings of this study suggest that parents socialization method (ρ = 0.323) and self control (ρ=0.401) have positive effects on manners character of adolescence.
MAJA LABO DAHU SLOGAN IN CHARACTER EDUCATION
Authors: Mulyadin Mulyadin , Jaedun Amat
Published: March 2020

Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengungkapkan: (1) nilai-nilai semboyan maja labo dahu dalam pendidikan karakter;  (2) implementasi semboyan maja labo dahu dalam pendidikan karakter;  (3) efektivitas implementasi semboyan maja labo dahu dalam pendidikan karakter di MTs Negeri 1 Kota Bima. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus. Penentuan  subjek penelitian yang dilakukan dengan teknik purposive. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis kualitatif model interaktif dengan langkah-langkah: pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Nilai-nilai semboyan maja labo dahu sesuai dengan nilai-nilai dalam pendidikan karakter, yaitu: nilai religius, jujur, disiplin, mandiri, menghargai prestasi, dan cinta tanah air. (2) Implementasi semboyan maja labo dahu belum dirumuskan secara eksplisit atau dibakukan sebagai materi pelajaran. (3). Semboyan  maja labo dahu telah efektif memberikan pengetahuan moral tentang nilai-nilai semboyan maja labo dahu kepada siswa. Kata Kunci:   semboyan,  maja labo dahu,  pendidikan karakter MAJA LABO DAHU SLOGAN IN CHARACTER EDUCATION Abstract: The purpose of this research was to reveal: (1) ) the values of the maja labo dahu slogan in character education; (2)  the implementation of   maja labo dahu  slogan  in character education; (3) the effectiveness of the implementation  of maja labo dahu  slogan in character education in Public MTs 1 Bima City. This research is a qualitative descriptive research using case study approach in Public MTs 1 Bima City. Informants in this study were principals, teachers, and students of Public MTs 1 Bima City. Determination of research was subjects conducted with purposive techniques. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that: (1) The values of maja labo dahu slogan were in accordance with the values in character education, namely: religious values, honest, disciplined, independent, appreciating achievement and loving the homeland. (2) the implementation of maja labo dahu slogan in Public MTs 1 Bima City was not formulated explicitly or standardized as subject matter. (3) The slogan maja labo dahu has effectively provided moral knowledge about the values of maja labo dahu  to learners. Keywords: Maja labo dahu slogan,,  character education
Persepsi Guru Bahasa Indonesia tentang Hubungan antara Penerapan Full Day School dengan Penguatan Karakter Siswa
Authors: Safi'i Imam , Warni Silih , Yanti Prima Gusti
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan persepsi para guru bahasa Indonesia SMA di Wilayah Provinsi DKI Jakarta, Indonesia tentang hubungan antara penerapan full day school dan penguatan pendidikan karakter bagi siswa. Data penelitian ini diperoleh melalaui survei secara online kepada sejumlah guru bahasa Indonesia. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah bersifat purposive sehingga tidak dapat dijadikan sebagai landasan untuk menggeneralkan persepsi dari sejumlah populasi. Data yang dideskripsikan dalam penelitian ini mencakup dua hal, yaitu berupa hubungan antara status kepegawaian dan pengalaman kerja dengan persepsi tentang full day school sebagai penguatan pendidikan karakter bagi siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjuukan,  bahwa terdapat hubungan status kepegawaian dan pengalaman dengan persepsi terhadap sistem full day school sebagai penguatan pendidikan karakter siswa, yaitu  1) hubungan antara pengalaman dan  persepsi terhadap full day school sebagai wahana penguatan karakter siswa sebesar 0.161, dan 2) hubungan antara status kepegawaian dan persepsi terhadap full day school sebagai wahana penguatan pendidikan karakter siswa sebesar 0.033. Hasil Penelitian ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai salah satu evaluasi mengenai efektivitas penerapan full day school dalam sistem persekolahan di Indonesia.  Kata kunci: Persepsi, pengalaman, status kepegawaian, full day school. Abstract: This study aims to describe the perceptions of high school Indonesian language teachers in the DKI Jakarta Province, Indonesia about the relationship between implementing full day school and strengthening character education of student. The research data was obtained through an online survey of a number of Indonesian Language Teachers. The sample used in the study is purposive so that it cannot be used as a basis for generalizing the perception of a number of populations. The data described in this study includes two things, namely in the form of a relationship between staffing status and work experience with perceptions about full day school as a reinforcement of character education of student. The results show that there is a relationship between staffing status and experience with the perception of the full day school system as a reinforcement of student character education, namely 1) the relationship between experience with the perception of full day school as a vehicle for strengthening the character of students is equal to 0.161, and 2) the relationship between employment status with the perception of full day school vehicle for strengthening student character education is 0.033. The results of this study can be used as an evaluation of the effectiveness of implementing Full Day School in the school system in Indonesia. Keywords: Perception, experience, employment status, full day school
Quanta y Filosofía
Authors: Bunge Mario
Published: March 2020

Resumen
R.V. Birjukov, Two Soviet Studies on Frege
Authors: Simpson T.M.
Published: March 2020

Resumen
K. Schuette, Beweistheorie
Authors: Raggio A.R.
Published: March 2020

Resumen
The Notion of Logical Privacy: Has its Incoherence Been Demonstrated?
Authors: Pole David
Published: March 2020

Abstract
La abstracción y los límites de la imaginación paradigmática
Authors: Gutiérrez Claudio
Published: March 2020

Resumen
G.J. Warnock, The Philosophy of Perception
Authors: Valdés M.
Published: March 2020

Resumen
Extensionality and Propositional Identity
Authors: Prior A.N.
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The Paradox of Addition and Its Dissolution
Authors: Bunge Mario
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A Fundamental Contradiction in Sidgwick's The Methods of Ethics
Authors: Roberts George W.
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Nombres canónicos y existencia necesaria
Authors: Simpson Thomas M.
Published: March 2020

Resumen
Overview of Types of Protection of Asynchronous Motors Used in Power Systems and Complexes
Authors: Ryaskov Yu. A. , Shaytor N. M. , Gorpinchenko A. V.
Published: March 2020

Рассмотрены неисправности электрических машин, которые имеют место вследствие коротких замыканий, перегрузок, изменения напряжения питающей сети. Особое внимание уделено повреждению изоляции обмоток статора и межвитковым замыканиям. Дан обзор применения релейной защиты для предотвращения неисправностей электрических машин при возникновении аварийных режимов. Установлено, что существующие виды защит – мгновенная релейная защита, токовая защита, защита от межфазных коротких замыканий, защита от перегрузки, защита от минимального напряжения – не гарантируют сбережения машины при межвитковых замыканиях. Эти виды защит не обладают достаточной избирательностью, чувствительностью и быстродействием, не учитывают существующую асимметрию напряжения питающих сетей и способны приводить к ложным срабатываниям.Рассмотрены предпосылки возникновения коротких замыканий: тяжелые условия работы, недостаточная стабильность электрических свойств изоляционных материалов, несовершенная технология укладки обмоток. Установлено, что основными причинами возникновения коротких замыканий в обмотках машин являются: повреждение изоляции под влиянием внешних воздействий, продолжительная работа электродвигателя при повышенной температуре обмоток, естественное старение изоляции.Рассмотрены особенности физических процессов, происходящих при витковых замыканиях в отдельной фазе статора, при различном соединении катушечных групп обмотки, сопровождающихся образованием электрической дуги и повреждением изоляции.Особое внимание уделено внедрению релейной защиты для предупреждения межвитковых замыканий в статорных обмотках, следствием которых является неремонтопригодное состояние электрических машин.Установлено, что перспективным видом является защита, реагирующая на изменение магнитных потоков рассеяния статорных обмоток двигателя, чувствительным элементом которой является кольцевая измерительная катушка, расположенная внутри двигателя у лобовой части обмотки, а ее выводы подключены к реагирующему органу. Однако это изобретение имеет существенные недостатки, а именно: при асимметрии питающего трехфазного напряжения данная защита срабатывает на отключение двигателя подобно срабатыванию при витковом замыкании между секциями одной фазы.Авторы рекомендуют применять специальный трансформатор, включенный между питающей сетью и выходом измерительной катушки. Вследствие этого асимметричные составляющие компенсируют друг друга, и защита срабатывает только при межвитковом замыкании в фазе обмотки статора.
Use of Support Modules to Ensure the Accuracy of Non-Rigid Parts of a Complex Profile During Milling
Authors: Pogudin S. A. , Sivtsev N. S. , Bazhin A. G.
Published: March 2020

Переменный характер силы резания и податливость системы «станок – приспособление – инструмент – деталь» обусловливают неравномерность упругих деформаций заготовки, составляющих значительную часть погрешности лезвийной обработки. Для повышения точности деталей необходимо управлять упругими деформациями заготовки. Особо значимо выполнение этого требования при обработке нежестких (тонкостенных) деталей.Приведена систематизация способов управления упругими деформациями таких деталей, стабилизирующих и снижающих величину упругих деформаций. Показано, что наибольшее число способов разрабатывается в направлении снижения упругих деформаций заготовки в процессе резания. Это достигается либо за счет уменьшения сил резания, либо за счет повышение жесткости заготовки способами, отнесенными к группе «жертвенных» и опорных.Представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований точности обработки нежестких деталей фрезерованием с применением опорного модуля – блока из нескольких подвижных опор, которые препятствую упругой деформации заготовки при обработке. Установлено, что на отклонения формы поверхностей деталей, обработанных с применением вспомогательного опорного модуля, существенно влияет расположение опор. В сечениях заготовки, удаленных от режущего инструмента, вследствие упругой деформации возможен ее отрыв от опор, что приводит к дополнительным вибрациям заготовки и снижению качества поверхности по параметрам шероховатости.Для устранения отрыва предложен новый способ фиксации нежестких заготовок на опорах и приспособление для его реализации. Способ включает базирование и закрепление заготовки, подведение к ее опорной поверхности блока подвижных опор и последующее приложение к заготовке со стороны обрабатываемой поверхности равномерно распределенного давления. Приспособление для фиксации нежестких заготовок предложенным способом содержит двухмерный массив самоустанавливающихся опор, жестко фиксируемых в соответствующем положении механизмом фиксации. Часть опор снабжены вакуумными присосками, установленными на их верхних концах и связанными с системой вакууммирования.
About Non-Destructive Control of Residual Stresses in Axisymmetric Parts Made of Steel 03Ni17Co10W10MoTi
Authors: Uglov A. L. , Hlybov A. A. , Bychkov A. L. , Kuvshinov M. O.
Published: March 2020

Известно, что остаточные напряжения имеют важное значение в обеспечении работоспособности материалов. При отрицательных температурах они приводят к снижению надежности конструкций. Природа появления остаточных напряжений различная. В частности в процессе изготовления осесимметричных деталей из мартенситно-стареющей стали 03Н17К10В10МТ возникают значительные остаточные напряжения, которые часто приводят к появлению трещин и разрушению деталей, особенно в тех элементах изделий, где имеются концентраторы напряжений. Анализ литературных данных, результаты расчетов с использованием методов решения осесимметричной задачи теории упругости для остаточных напряжений в трубах показывают, что максимальные по абсолютной величине растягивающие осевые и тангенциальные напряжения сосредоточены вблизи наружной поверхности.В ряде производственных случаев требуется получение оперативной информации о величине остаточных напряжений, возникающих как в процессе производства этих изделий, так и при их эксплуатации, особенно при отрицательных температурах. На основании этих расчетов, а также анализа имеющихся разрушений был выбран метод контроля остаточных напряжений с использованием поверхностных акустических волн Рэлея.В предлагаемой методике контроля остаточных напряжений были использованы преобразователи с фиксированной базой между излучающим и приемным датчиками. Постоянная база в качестве измеряемого параметра позволяет использовать время распространения упругих волн. Предложен алгоритм расчета остаточных напряжений, в основе которого лежат уравнения акустоупругости для поверхностных волн. В качестве аппаратных средств измерений использовался ИВК «АСТРОН». На базе этой установки и предложенного алгоритма разработана методика определения остаточных напряжений в деталях сложной осесимметричной формы.Результаты акустических измерений были подтверждены данными, полученными на установке рентгеноструктурного анализа «ДРОН-2». Тем самым была показана возможность практического применения предложенной методики контроля с использованием поверхностных волн. Также показано, что для уменьшения ошибки измерения необходимо проводить как минимум 8 измерений в одной точке.