bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variation of catch per unit effort and catch composition in a Persian Gulf longline fishery
Authors: PAIGHAMBARI SEYED YOUSEF , EIGHANI MORTEZA
Published: October 2018

Paighambari SY, Eighani M. 2018. Seasonal variation of catch per unit effort and catch composition in a Persian Gulf longline fishery. Biodiversitas 19: 888-892. The catch per unit effort (CPUE), and catch composition of a Persian Gulf longline fishery were investigated during the study to develop essential information regarding the needs of longline fishing in Persian Gulf just to assist the artisanal fishermen. A total number of 2990 deployed hooks were set during spring and winter seasons. One catch contained 8 teleost fish and one elasmobranch species belonging to 8 families. In the spring season, 357 fish were counted during sampling out of which Netuma thalassina with 183 specimens (F= 51.3%) was the most abundant one. In winter season 235 specimens were collected, of which 17.7% were represented by the N. thalassina. So, there is no significant difference in fish assemblages were obtained between spring and winter seasons (R=0.567, P>0.05). Proportion of all caught fish below length at maturity was higher in the winter season than spring season. Data revealed significantly higher CPUE at spring season compared to winter (P<0.05), suggesting that in general, fishing at the spring season was necessarily more efficient than winters. Difference in CPUE between spring and winter seasons may be explained by the species response to the temperature cycle in the Persian Gulf. A better understanding of the complete catch including catch rate, catch composition, and their sizes, is therefore, an important step towards a sustainable Persian Gulf longline fishery.
West Sumatra Brown Rice resistance to Brown Planthopper and Blast Disease
Authors: DWIPA INDRA , SYARIF AUZAR , SULIANSYAH IRFAN , SWASTI ETTI
Published: October 2018

Dwipa I, Syarif A, Suliansyah I, Swasti E. 2018. West Sumatra Brown Rice resistance to Brown Planthopper and Blast Disease. Biodiversitas 19: 893-898. Brown rice is a highly nutritious rice widely consumed as the carbohydrate substitute of common rice. Brown rice resistance to biotic stress is one of indicators of a superior variety. Our study aimed to analyze the response of several brown rice genotypes from West Sumatra to brown planthopper attack and blast disease. This study comprised two experiments, the resistance assay to brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.) and the resistance assay to blast fungi Pyricularia oryzae. The resistance assay to brown planthopper was done using randomized block design experiment with three replicates. Eighteen brown rice genotypes (15 brown rice, 2 black rice, and 1 control genotype) were tested in the assay. From 17 brown and black rice tested, 7 genotypes were resistant and 2 were moderately resistant. For blast resistance analysis, fifteen rice genotypes (13 brown rice and 2 black rice) were used. There was only 1 genotype highly resistant and 3 moderately resistant to blast disease among those 15 brown and black rice.
Short Communication: First record of the Genus Calamaria (Squamata: Colubridae: Calamariinae) from Karimunjawa Island, Indonesia: Morphology and systematic
Authors: SIDIK IRVAN , SUBASLI DADANG R. , SUMITRO SUTIMAN B. , WIDODO NASHI , KURNIAWAN NIA
Published: October 2018

Sidik I, Subasli DR, Sumitro SB, Widodo N, Kurniawan N. 2018. Short Communication: First record of the Genus Calamaria (Squamata: Colubridae: Calamariinae) from Karimunjawa Island, Indonesia: Morphology and systematic. Biodiversitas 19: 912-917. We present the first record of the Genus Calamaria from Karimunjawa Island, Central Java, Indonesia based on an unfathomable single specimen collected in the coastal forest of Legon Moto. Morphological characters analysis revealed the specimen as Calamaria melanota. This finding unravels the extent of the species distribution which was previously thought to be restricted in Borneo, representing the southernmost record of this species. The examined specimen is described in detail and meticulously compared with other Calamaria species such as C. battersbyi, C. borneensis, C. linnaei. Our study highlights several characteristic differences between the specimen and the holotype of C. melanota.
An analysis of capture fisheries resource depletion in Cirata Reservoir, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: ANNA ZUZY
Published: October 2018

Anna Z. 2018. An analysis of capture fisheries resource depletion in Cirata Reservoir, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 927-935. Fisheries in public waters such as the Cirata Reservoir in West Java, Indonesia are potential economic resources that should not be ignored. They play an important role in food security for the surrounding communities. Unfortunately, natural capture fisheries in Cirata Reservoir have received less attention in the past than aquaculture which dominates economic activity in the waters. Recently, the condition of the dam has deteriorated as a result of major aquaculture activity with extensive use of artificial feedstock; an increase in industrial and domestic waste entering the waters; and open access fisheries management that has allegedly caused depletion of the natural fish resources of the waters. From time to time there have been observed declines in the natural capture fisheries production. The research reported in this paper aimed to estimate the extent of this depletion and associated economic depreciation of capture fish resources in the Cirata Reservoir. Bio-economic methods were used to calculate the potential sustainable utilization of the resources. The analytical model of Logistic Gordon-Schaefer (GS) and Fox models provided the framework for the analysis. The fish depletion was calculated by comparing the potential sustainable utilization and the value of the actual utilization, based on quarterly data for the years 2011 up to 2016. Depreciation was calculated in terms of unit rent loss as a result of the depletion. The analysis showed that depletion of fish resources occurred in certain quarters between years of 2011 to 2016. The value of the total depletion over this period for the GS model amounted to 835.13 tons with an estimated value for depreciation of IDR 5.93 Billion, or IDR 84.71 Billion in Present Value term. For Fox Model, the depletion reaches 1421.35 Ton, with a value of IDR 10.09 Billion, or 144.17 Billion in Present Value term. This value represents the economic loss due to depletion of the fisheries resource in Cirata Reservoir. The policy implication of this fish depletion is that there is a need for better management of the aquatic habitat, by reducing water pollution load, and by regulation of capture fisheries through input/output restrictions based on the conceptual tools of Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) and Maximum Economic Yield (MEY).
Phenotypic identification of indigenous fungi and lactic acid bacteria isolated from ’gatot’ an Indonesian fermented food
Authors: ASTRIANI ASTRIANI , DINIYAH NURUD , JAYUS JAY , NURHAYATI NURHAYATI
Published: October 2018

Astriani A, Diniyah N, Jayus J, Nurhayati N. 2018. Phenotypic identification of indigenous fungi and lactic acid bacteria isolated from ’gatot’ an Indonesian fermented food. Biodiversitas 19: 947-954. As a traditional Indonesian food made from cassava, ‘gatot' has special attracted characters of black appearance and chewy texture, mainly as a result of certain fungi and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) during the spontaneous fermentation. However, many producers were failed to gain these typical properties since much unwanted microbial strain often appears during the spontaneous fermentation. Therefore, this study was conducted to isolate and identify the indigenous fungi and LAB which predominantly contributed in fermentation of cassava during ‘gatot’ production. Fungi and LAB were isolated from conventionally made of the ‘gatot’ followed by the phenotypic identification of the isolates based on the morphological and physiological properties. The fungi isolates were morphologically distinguished by the type of mycelia, the shape, and color of the sporangium, while the LAB strains were identified by the type of cell and colony form. In addition, the physiological behavior of the LAB isolates was characterized by their typical growth temperature, its catalase activity and its fermentation profile using BBL crystal kit test. The predominant fungi isolates were identified as Botryodiplodia theobromae, Rhizopus oligosporus, Trichoderma sp. and Aspergillus niger. B. theobromae had greyish white to black color of mycelia when it mature. R. oligosporus had globose sporangium and blackish grey color of the mature mycelia. Trichoderma sp. had green color of the mature sporangium and mycelia. A. niger had yellow color of the mycelia and black color of sporangium. Meanwhile, the indigenous LAB was majority identified as Lactobacillus manihotivorans, Bacillus licheniformis, Brevibacillus brevis and Lactobacillus fermentum. Those bacteria were gram-positive, rods shape, catalase-negative and grew optimally at 37oC. The LAB also arise frequently in many spontaneously fermented food. B. theobromae, R. oligosporus, L. manihotivorans, and L. fermentum were potential and non-pathogenic microbial, which can be used as a starter culture to produce ‘gatot’ under controlled fermentation process.
Assessments of farmers′ perception and utilization status of Brachiaria grass in selected areas of Ethiopia
Authors: ADNEW WUBETIE , TSEGAY BERHANU A. , TASSEW ASAMINEW , ASMARE BIMREW
Published: October 2018

Adnew W, Tsegay BA, Tassew A, Asmare B. 2018. Assessments of farmers′ perception and utilization status of Brachiaria grass in selected areas of Ethiopia. Biodiversitas 19: 955-966. The study was conducted to evaluate farmers′ perception and utilization status of Brachiaria grass in selected areas of Ethiopia. It was done between April and June 2017. The study employed a multistage sampling method based on the level of distribution of Brachiaria grass as push-pull technology and animal feeds. Respondent farmers were selected purposely based on their practice of Brachiaria grass production and use. A total of 280 household heads, 160 from Oromiya and 120 from Amhara regions, proportionally selected were interviewed. The average land holding per household was 1.79±1.73 hectares and average household size was 6.60±1.99 persons. Identified constraints of forage production were ranked as land shortage (1st), free grazing (2nd), lack and high cost of planting materials (3rd), poor extension service (4th), drought (5th), and lack of awareness (6th). Of the problems, the finding indicated that feed shortage during long dry season (77.0%) is a critical problem. From total respondents, 96.1% faced feed shortage for their livestock at least once a year. Major constraints to improve forage production were ranked as land shortage, unmanaged grazing, lack of grass planting materials, poor extension service and drought, orderly. All respondents (100%) from Oromiya and 52.1% of respondents from Amhara have got training about use of Brachiaria grass. Majority of the respondents (97.3%) believed that Brachiaria grass is much productive compared to other grasses. Overall, the study showed that training to farmers and adequate provision of extension services on the use of Brachiaria grass are necessary to exploit the potential of the grass in the study districts as well as the country at large.
Comparative study on the fish diversity from natural and bauxite post-mining in wetland system of Bintan Island, Indonesia
Authors: APRIADI TRI , PRATAMA GINANJAR , PUTRA RISANDI DWIRAMA , JUMSURIZAL JUMSURIZAL , JAYA YALES VEVA , FIRDAUS MUHAMMAD , ARPAS HERU DIWAN , SURYANTI ANI
Published: October 2018

Apriadi T, Pratama G, Putra RD, Jumsurizal, Jaya YV, Firdaus M, Arpas HD, Suryanti A. 2018. Comparative study on the fish diversity from natural and bauxite post-mining in wetland system of Bintan Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 967-973. In this study, the fish populations between two different wetland systems in Bintan Island, Indonesia, i.e., bauxite post-mining (Kijang) and natural wetland (Toapaya) were compared and to propose a newly index namely Environomic of Fishes Index (EFI) to their respective ecosystems. The purposive random sampling at six stations, each of three stations representing bauxite mining (Kijang) and three stations representing a natural wetland (Toapaya) were used in this research. The numbers of fish species and the abundance were enumerated. The new index derived from the value of diversity index (Shannon), similarity index (Evenness), dominance index (Simpson's), conservation status, and economic value were also evaluated. The natural wetland has higher fish diversity than bauxite post-mining. The total species found were twenty-four. The same seven species were found in both areas. Twelve species were obtained from bauxite post-mining, and nineteen species were obtained from natural wetland. Puntius tetrazona and Rasbora heteromorpha were the common species in area study. The diversity and dominance index was at low category, Evenness index was at high category in all stations, except in tidal swamp station at bauxite post-mining. The EFI in natural wetland was higher than bauxite post-mining. The three community index value, economic value, and conservation status of natural wetland were higher than bauxite post-mining.
Short Communication: Viability and environmental effect to conidial germination of antagonistic fungi that potential as biological control of Colletotrichum gloeosporoides caused antracnose disease on chili
Authors: NURBAILIS NURBAILIS , MARTINIUS MARTINIUS , AZNIZA VERRY
Published: October 2018

Authors. 2018. Short Communication: Viability and environmental effect to conidial germination of antagonistic fungi that potential as biological control of Colletotrichum gloeosporoides caused antracnose disease on chili. Biodiversitas 19: 974-977. Some of antagonistic fungi from chili rhizosphere were potential to suppress the growth of colletotrichum gloeosporoides in vitro. This present study was aimed to observe the viability of antagonistic fungi and effect of temperature and ultraviolet light to its conidial germination. We targeted to obtain the isolate with the best viability and high resistance to temperature and ultraviolet changes. The experiment used a completely randomized design consisted of nine treatments and four replication. The treatment were nine of antagonistic fungi isolates from chili rhizosphere that consisted of two genera, Trichoderma and Paecilomyces, each comprised four isolates and unidentified isolate (X isolate). These four isolates were considered as replication for observation. The observed parameters observe included the width of colony, density of conidia, germination of conidia, effect of temperature and ultraviolet light changes to conidial germination. The results showed that antagonistic fungi from the genus Trichoderma had the best viability (the width of colony = 39.68-56.92 cm2, density of conidia 40.50-57.50 x 109 conidia/mL and germination of conidia > 80%) and highest resistance to temperature and ultraviolet changes compared with the other fungi used in this study.
Adaptation behavior of Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus morio) reintroduction in Kehje Sewen Forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: BANI SYAHIK NUR , PERWITASARI-FARAJALLAH DYAH , ATMOKO SRI SUCI UTAMI , SIHITE JAMARTIN
Published: October 2018

Bani SN, Perwitasari-Farajallah D, Atmoko SSU, Sihite J. 2018. Adaptation behavior of Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus morio) reintroduction in Kehje Sewen Forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 989-996. Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) are grouped into three subspecies, including Pongo pygmaeus morio that spreads from Sabah to the southern parts of Mahakam River in East Kalimantan. Forest conversion is the main threat to the populations and habitat of Bornean orangutans. The orangutans which have been confiscated are going through rehabilitation process and reintroduction. Efforts should be taken to seize or confiscate orangutans as much as possible and return them to their natural forest habitat. This research aimed:  (i) to measure the development of rehabilitated orangutans in their post-release adaptation in native forest, especially in activity budget, diet, nesting and strata usage, in comparison to wild orangutans in the Danum Valley, (ii) to identify factors determining successful reintroduction of orangutans based on their final stage in rehabilitation process. Daily activities of four adult females of the orangutan with different types of last stage rehabilitation processes (pre-release island vs. cages) were compared during the monitoring of their behavior one year after their release in Kehje Sewen forest using focal animal sampling method. The analysis showed that diet pattern of all individuals resembled that of their wild orangutan counterparts. Meanwhile, activity pattern, strata usage, and nesting behavior was related to individual's capabilities and not determined by the type of final stage in the rehabilitation process. We assumed other factors should be considered as success factors of reintroduction.
The duck cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene: Sequence and patterns analysis for potential barcoding tool
Authors: SUSANTI R. , ISWARI RETNO SRI , FIBRIANA FIDIA , INDRIAWATI INDRIAWATI
Published: October 2018

Susanti R, Iswari RS, Fibriana F, Indriawati. 2018. The duck cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene: Sequence and patterns analysis for potential barcoding tool. Biodiversitas 19: 997-1003. The local duck DNA barcoding is still rarely conducted in Indonesia while DNA barcoding is extensively used as a tool of species identification and delineation tool. This study aimed to analyze the sequence and patterns of Central Javanese ducks mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene. Feather samples of seven breeds of native duck were collected from traditional husbandries in Central Java. The samples were employed for DNA extraction and COI gene amplification. Five haplotypes were obtained from 35 samples, i.e., haplotype A, B, C, D, and E. Also, 9 variable sites with synonym substitution was detected in four nucleotides number 55, 61, 100, and 109; whereas five synonym substitutions were identified in the nucleotides number 36, 48, 51, 66, and 756. In conclusion, this study annotates that COI mtDNA gene is essential for local ducks barcoding system.
The best incubation time for primary productivity of phytoplankton in Laguna Lake, North Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: YULIANA YULIANA , IRFAN MUHAMMAD
Published: October 2018

Yuliana, Irfan M. 2018. The best incubation time for primary productivity of phytoplankton in Laguna Lake, North Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1021-1028. Primary productivity of phytoplankton is a source of energy and organic matter utilized by organisms at higher food chain levels. The measurement of the high rate of primary productivity can be done through the incubation of sample water at a particular time and time depending on sunlight intensity. This study aimed to estimate the best incubation time to achieve the highest primary productivity of phytoplankton in Laguna Lake, Ternate City, North Maluku Province, Indonesia in February 2017. The study was conducted at one location with four different levels of depth of 0, 5, 10, and 15 meters, and at three incubation times, i.e., 09:00-13:00, 10:00-14:00, and 11:00-15:00 (Eastern Indonesian Time). The chemical and physical parameters of radiance, temperature, pH, nitrate, and orthophosphate content were measured to estimate water quality of the lake. The results of this study showed that were 10 genera of phytoplankton belonging to Bacillariophyceae (6 genera), Chlorophyceae (4 genera), and Cyanophyceae (2 genera). The Laguna Lake has temperature ranged between 29.0-31.1oC, nitrate content of 0.22-0.58 mg l-1, orthophosphate content of 0.14-0.27 mg l-1, and pH 7. The primary productivity value at incubation time 09:00-13:00; 10:00-14:00; and 11:00-15:00 were of 101,851-258,278; 40,59-351,643; and 76,197-305,754 mgC m-3 hours-1, respectively. The best incubation time that provides the highest value in the measurement of primary productivity of phytoplankton at Laguna Lake was at 10:00 am to 14:00 pm.
Molecular identification of shark fins in Malaysian Borneo’s local markets
Authors: MD-ZAIN BADRUL MUNIR , ABID-KAMAL SITI NUR AZMINA , AIFAT NOR RAHMAN , ABDUL-LATIFF MUHAMMAD ABU BAKAR , HASHIM ABU MOHD- , AMPENG AHMAD , YAAKOP SALMAH , SAMAT ABDULLAH
Published: October 2018

Md-Zain BM, Abid-Kamal SNA, Aifat NR, Abdul-Latiff MAB, Mohd-Hashim A, Ampeng A, Yaakop S, Samat A. 2018. Molecular identification of shark fins in Malaysian Borneo’s local markets. Biodiversitas 19: 1035-1043. A molecular study was carried out to investigate the potential of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene as a molecular marker for the genetic identification of shark fin samples that have gone through various preservation processes. A total number of 17 shark fin samples were collected from local markets in Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysian Borneo). The DNA sequences of the 17 samples were amplified by using polymerase chain reaction. The results from the analysis showed that, in the 17 sequences, there were 16 haplotypes present, with 244 sites from 688 bp of the sequences. For phylogeny analysis, tree topologies were reconstructed using the neighbor-joining (NJ) and maximum parsimony (MP) methods. DNA barcoding technique successfully identifies shark fins collected in local markets in Malaysian Borneo at species level employed during this study. Phylogenetic analysis showed that there were four clades that distinguish the four different orders present in the sample species. These clades had bootstrap values higher than 80. In addition, results indicated that 88.2% of the individuals are listed as endangered (Lamiopsis tephrodes, Sphyrna mokarran, and Sphyrna lewini), vulnerable (Alopias pelagicus and Rhynchobatus australiae), and near threatened (Carcharhinus limbatus, Chiloscyllium griseum, Carcharhinus sorrah, and Carcharhinus brevipinna), in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red Data List.
The local management and sustainability of swidden farming in the Villages of Bojongsalam and Sukaresmi, Upper Cisokan Watershed, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: CHOIR IRA ROBIBATUL , ISKANDAR JOHAN , PARIKESIT PARIKESIT , PARTASASMITA RUHYAT , HUSODO TEGUH , KUSMORO JOKO , MEGANTARA ERRI NOVIAR
Published: October 2018

Choir IR, Iskandar J, Parikesit, Partasasmita R, Husodo T, Kumoro J, Megantara EN. 2018. The local management and sustainability of swidden farming in the Villages of Bojongsalam and Sukaresmi, Upper Cisokan Watershed, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1054-1065. In the past, the swidden farming (huma or ladang) system had been predominantly practiced by village people of West Java. Nowadays, however, the huma farming has rarely been practiced by the village people of West Java due to the government policy, and environmental and socioeconomic changes. The local community who reside in the Villages of Bojongsalam and Sukaresmi, the upper stream of Cisokan, West Java, Indonesia, has still practiced both the wet rice field (sawah) and the huma farming in the private land, production forest of a state-owned forest company (Perhutani), and a state-owned electric company (PLN) project land. Recently some areas of the huma land have been used for the project of the Hydroelectric Power Plant of the Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage (UCPS). As a result, the sustainability of huma system of the local people of Bojongsalam and Sukaresmi has been seriously disturbed. The aims of this study were to elucidate the local management of the huma farming systems that are undertaken by local people of Bojongsalam and Sukaresmi Villages, and to analyze the sustainability of the huma farming of local people of Bojongsalam and Sukaresmi Villages as affected by the UCPS Hydroelectric Power Plant project. The qualitative method was used, while several techniques of collecting the primary data, namely observation and in-depth interviews with informants were applied in this study. The results of study showed that the local management of the huma farming has been annually undertaken by the local people of Bojongsalam and Sukaresmi, including deciding the location of huma plot, preparing the land (cutting shrubs and burning vegetation biomass), planting rice (ngaseuk) and other annual crops, weeding (ngored) and providing chemical fertilizers (mupuk), controlling pests, harvesting rice (dibuat), and fallowing land. Based on analysis of the emergent properties of the agroecosystem of huma farming, it can be predicted that productivity, stability, equitability, and sustainability of the huma farming systems of Bojongsalam and Sukaresmi Villages tend to be low in the near future due to the impact of UCPS Hydroelectric Power Plant project.
Phylogenetic analysis of Dipterocarpaceae in Ketambe Research Station, Gunung Leuser National Park (Sumatra, Indonesia) based on rbcL and matK genes
Authors: HARNELLY ESSY , THOMY ZAIRIN , FATHIYA NIR
Published: October 2018

Harnelly E, Thomy Z, Fathiya N. 2018. Phylogenetic analysis of Dipterocarpaceae in Ketambe Research Station, Gunung Leuser National Park (Sumatra, Indonesia) based on rbcL and matK genes. Biodiversitas 19: 1074-1080. Gunung Leuser National Park has several Research Stations. Ketambe is one of the Research Stations which is located in Aceh Tenggara district, Aceh province. One of the timber plants family which is abundant in Leuser Mountain is Dipterocarpaceae. However, the data of species and relationship of Dipterocarpaceae in Ketambe Research Station is lack and not available. The aim of the study is to analyze the phylogenetic of Dipterocarpaceae based on rbcL and matK gene in Ketambe Research Station. This research was carried out from July 2015 to August 2016 in Ketambe Research Station and Forestry and Forest Genetics Laboratory of Molecular, Bogor Agricultural University. The method used quadrat sampling technique with purposive sampling and experimental laboratory consisting of DNA extraction, PCR, electrophoresis, and sequencing. The data analysis was done using BioEdit and MEGA6. The results showed that based on morphological identification, there were five Dipterocarpaceae species found namely; Parashorea lucida, Shorea parvifolia, Shorea lepidota, Shorea johorensis, and Hopea dryobalanoides. The phylogenetic tree based on rbcL gene showed that there were two monophyletic groups, the first group was S. johorensis, S. lepidota, and H. dryobalanoides; and the second group consisted of S. parvifolia and P. lucida. The phylogenetic tree reconstruction based on matK gene showed that Shorea parvifolia and S. johorensis were separated in two different monophyletic groups.
Study of coral reef for marine ecotourism development based on region suitability and carrying capacity in Marsegu Island Nature Tourism Park, Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: LELLOLTERY HENDERINA , PUDYATMOKO SATYAWAN , FANDELLI CHAFID , BAIQUNI MUHAMAD
Published: October 2018

Lelloltery H, Pudyatmoko S, Fandelli C, Baiquni M. 2018. Study of coral reef for marine ecotourism development based on region suitability and carrying capacity in Marsegu Island Nature Tourism Park, Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1089-1096. The objectives of the research were to identify the potential of marine natural resources as the object and attraction of marine ecotourism, and to compile the development plan at Marsegu Island Nature Tourism Park (NTP) based on the Tourism Suitability Index (TSI) and carrying capacity. Data collection included coral reef and fish type using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method. Data were analyzed using the tourism suitability index and analysis of physical carrying capacity of the area. The results showed the potential of marine resources covering the coral reefs including 45 species within 23 genera from 14 families with 12 coral lifeforms. A high diversity of reef fish was found, documenting 129 species of fish within 60 genera from 22 families. The analysis result of the tourism suitability index (TSI) in the snorkeling category was 74.79% with a carrying capacity of 4,092 person(s)/day and the TSI of diving was 67.32% with a physical carrying capacity of 1,855 person(s)/day. The analysis showed that the area around Marsegu Island NTP is "suitable" for ecotourism activities and does not exceed the carrying capacity of the area. The strategy for marine ecotourism management needs to be completed, including elements such as determining the number of tourists that can be supported per day (based on limiting the number of divers/snorkelers per day), implementing boat moorings so coral is not damaged by anchors, making sure tourism operators brief divers/snorkelers not to touch, stand on or break the coral, and ensuring the tour operator is the organization responsible for the continuous monitoring of marine ecotourism activities and protection of dive sites.
Short Communication: The diversity of wild Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) in Central Bali, Indonesia
Authors: DARMAWATI IDA AYU PUTRI , RAI I NYOMAN , DWIYANI RINDANG , ASTARINI IDA AYU
Published: October 2018

Darmawati IAP, Rai IN, Dwiyani R, Astarini IA. 2018. The diversity of wild Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) in Central Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1110-1116. Dendrobium is the largest orchid genus of the Orchidaceae family. The research aimed to explore the species diversity of Dendrobium, dominance, and species similarity in some forest of Bali. The explored locations were grouped to lowland about 0-700 m asl. (Tejakula, Bukit Silangjana, Sepang Kelod, Mekori, and Busungbiu), transition land about 700-1100 m asl. (Sepang Kaje and Jatiluwih) and lower montane 1100-1500 m asl. (Natural Reserves of Lake Buyan-Tamblingan, Puncak Landep, and Lemukih). There were 24 species of Dendrobium in Central Bali, 2 spesies of which were not identified. The dominant species were D. acuminatissimum, D. crumenatum and D. linearifolium. The highest species diversity index of wild Dendrobium was present in lowland (16 species, 66.66%) followed by those in transition land and lower montane (12 species, 50.00% and 6 species, 20.83%, respectively). The pattern is also similar either for the species prosperity (3.875; 3.094, and 0.699, respectively). Uniformity of wild Dendrobium on transition land was 0.922, followed by those in lowland and lower montane (0.864 and 0.794). There were 6 similar species of Dendrobium found in lowlands and lower montane (42.857% equality index) and 2 similar species in lowlands and lower montane (19.047% equality index) and also 2 similar species in transition land and lower montane (23.359% equality index). D. macrophylum, D. heterocarpum and D.secundum, their presence are pronely threatened with extinction so conservation is necessary.
Macrozoobenthos as bioindicator of ecological status in Tanjung Pasir Coastal, Tangerang District, Banten Province, Indonesia
Authors: SAHIDIN ASEP , ZAHIDAH ZAHIDAH , HERAWATI HETI , WARDIATNO YUSLI , SETYOBUDIANDI ISDRADJAD , PARTASASMITA RUHYAT
Published: October 2018

Sahidin A, Zahidah, Herawati H, Wardiatno Y, Setyobudiandi I, Partasasmita R. 2018. Macrozoobenthos as bioindicator of ecological status in Tanjung Pasir Coastal, Tangerang District, Banten Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1123-1129. The existence of macrozoobenthos organism allow for bioindicator of ecological status and detected water pollution in coastal environment with observing the response, diversity, and abundance. The one of biological method for water quality analysis is AZTI Marine Biotic Index (AMBI). This research aims to determine water quality status in Tanjung Pasir water coastal Tangerang, Banten. The research was conducted in April - August 2014 in Tanjung Pasir Coastal, Tanggerang, Banten with purposive sampling method and be forwarded with water pollution analysis with AZTI Marine Biotic Index (AMBI) model. The research showed 4.552 individual of macrozoobenthos found divided into 52 species with the average of diversity amount 634 ind./m2 with dominated by bivalve species Nuculana bicuspidate  22.89%, it is a bivalve an extreme species that can live in waters with very low oxygen concentrations and hight pollution. The result of AMBI (4.01 to 5.02) indicates water pollution in Tanjung Pasir Coastal classified in medium-heavy pollution and concentred in coastal zone. Polychaeta is a key bioindicator in the determination of water pollution and ecological status in Tanjung Pasir coastal.
Potential and management strategy of floral biodiversity in the coastal areas in East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: RUJEHAN RUJEHAN , MATIUS PAULUS
Published: October 2018

Rujehan, Matius P. 2018. Potential and management strategy of floral biodiversity in the coastal areas in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1130-1137. Some issues such as land clearing and mining activities often arise in the coastal areas of Bukit Soeharto Forest Park, East Kalimantan, Indonesia that serves as a water catchment area. The latest land cover in this area was dominated by bush or shrub and forest cover was reduced. This research was conducted in Tanah Merah Coast and around Samboja Reservoir in the coastal area of Bukit Soeharto Forest. The purposes of this study were to determine the potential diversity of flora in the two regions and to develop management strategies in order to maintain or even to improve the diversity of flora. The method used in this research was a survey using vegetation analysis and SWOT analysis. The results showed that the species of saplings and trees dominating the forest area of Tanah Merah Coast was Nauclea orientalis, while Cratoxylum arborescens was the most prominent species of seedlings. On the other side, the forest around Samboja Reservoir was dominated by Campnosperma auriculata for trees or adult communities, Ficus retusa for saplings and Dyera costulata for seedlings. Both species diversity (H') and evenness index (E) of these areas were categorized as medium. Management strategies needed to maintain and improve the diversity and evenness of existed flora consist of S-O strategy that aims to improve the ecological functions of the area that can provide economic benefits, S-T strategy proposes cooperation with local communities to develop alternative economic activities, W-O strategy utilize the funding opportunities from donor agencies for forest management and W-T strategy includes efforts to improve human resources through training in collaboration with donor agencies.
People’s views towards Gunung Palung National Park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: SUDRAJAT JAJAT , SAWERAH SITI , PERMATASARI NIA , SUHARYANI ANITA , KARMONI AMELDALIA , ANSHARI GUSTI Z. , WARDHANA DADANG , ROSSANDA DICKO
Published: October 2018

Sudrajat J, Sawerah S, Permatasari N, Suharyani A, Karmoni A, Anshari GZ, Wardhana D, Rossanda D. 2018. People’s views towards Gunung Palung National Park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1138-1146. It is a common belief that the management of national park prevents local communities from accessing the park and using the park resources. Illegal logging and other unwanted encroachments to the park become a big problem, as national park authority has a limited capacity to monitor the whole park. This research aimed to study how local communities viewed Gunung Palung National Park, which is located in Ketapang and Kayong Utara District, West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. A total of 91 respondents from seven villages were interviewed. In general, about 70% of respondents viewed the importance of economic benefits, resulting from limited access to traditional gardens in the use zone of the park and the supply of clean water. Approximately 67% of these respondents viewed the protection of natural resources in the park was not important. This view was possibly due to their little knowledge of the park management and the use of zoning system in the park. It was reported that park officers have some activities, but the collaboration and relationship between park officers and local communities need more time to mature. It seems that the poor and the youth tend to exploit more and put higher pressures on the park than the elderly groups.
Seasonal yield and composition of an inland artisanal fishery in a humic floodplain ecosystem of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: GUMIR SULMIN , ARDIANOR ARDIANOR , SYAHRINUDIN SYAHRINUDIN , ANSHARI GUSTI Z. , KOMAI YUKIO , TAKI KAZUO , TACHIBANA HARUKUNI
Published: October 2018

Gumiri S, Ardianor, Syahrinudin, Anshari GZ, Komai Y, Taki K, Tachibana H. 2018. Seasonal yield and composition of an inland artisanal fishery in a humic floodplain ecosystem of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1181-1185. Seasonal yield of an inland artisanal fishery was studied in 2015 in the Takapan Floodplain Lake located along the Rungan River of Central Kalimantan Province-Indonesia. Record on daily fish catch consisting weight data and species composition was made in situ along with a one-year rainfall data that was collected from the nearest Meteorological Station located in Palangka Raya City airport. Results showed that throughout the year, total annual yield of captured fishes reached 4.8 tons comprised of 34 commercial freshwater fish species. Seasonal yield varied considerably in which fish capture was higher during the rainy season than on the dry season. The transition period from rainy to dry season was found to be the peak period of fish capture in the floodplain. Of the 34 fish species, the most abundant species was Channa striata that accounted to almost 50% of total annual fish yield. The two most abundant fishes, Channa striata, and Kryptopterus palembangensis were a top predatory blackfish and an omnivorous surface water whitefish, respectively. This result indicated that the studied floodplain habitat was still in good condition, however, conservation is needed to maintain the sustainability of freshwater fish resource in the future.
Fauna of mantids and orthopterans (Insecta: Mantodea, Orthoptera) of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve, Russia
Authors: RUCHIN ALEXANDER B. , MIKHAILENKO ANDREY P.
Published: October 2018

Ruchin A, Mikhailenko AP. 2018. Fauna of mantids and orthopterans (Insecta: Mantodea, Orthoptera) of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve, Russia. Biodiversitas 19: 1194-1206. The data on the distribution and habitat confinement of one Mantodea species and 44 Orthoptera species in the Mordovia State Nature Reserve are given. Of these, one species of Orthoptera (Calliptamus italicus) is recorded for the first time for the Mordovia State Nature Reserve, four species (Mantis religiosa, Phaneroptera falcata, Conocephalus fuscus, Tettigonia caudata) are recently penetrated, one species (Conocephalus fuscus) is reported in the Republic of Mordovia for the first time. In the fauna of mantids and orthopterans of the Mordovia Reserve, three ecological groups were identified: polytopic, not confined to certain biotopes (14 species), hygrophilous representatives of intrazonal habitats (5 species) and xerophiles. Among the latter, there are species of extrazonal habitats (13 species) and confined to dry pine forests (7 species). The steppe group was not represented. For the three key habitats with the largest number of identified species, brief botanical descriptions are given. Factors influencing the species composition and current state of fauna of mantises and orthopterans of the Mordovia Reserve are discussed, and measures are proposed for the conservation of vulnerable species.
The effects of contaminant microorganism towards Chelonia mydas eggs hatchery results in Pangumbahan Green Sea Turtles Conservation, Sukabumi, Indonesia
Authors: GIFARI TOUFAN , ELFIDASARI DEWI , SUGORO IRAWAN
Published: October 2018

Gifari T, Elfidasari D, Sugoro I. 2018. The effects of contaminant microorganism towards Chelonia mydas eggs hatchery results in Pangumbahan Green Sea Turtles Conservation, Sukabumi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1207-1212. Green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) is an endangered species, in which its population is continuously decreasing caused by a number of factors. Microorganisms are suspected to have important role in declining eggs hatching success. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of microbial contaminant on the egg hatching success at the green sea turtles conservation area in Pangumbahan needs. The microbial contaminants detection was carried out on the eggs at the semi-natural hatching nest. RAL with three times repetitions was selected to figure out the correlation between microbial contaminants and hatching success was. The eggs were incubated at three different depths, i.e., 40, 60, and 80 cm. The results showed that the Gram-negative microorganisms were from the coliform bacteria such as E. coli, Salmonella and Shigella. Meanwhile, the fungi were dominated by mildew and yeast. The hatching success rate was 93.34% in 80 cm depth, 85% in 60 cm depth and 60% in 40 cm depth. HSD Tukey test shows the effects of various nesting depths towards the hatchery percentage (p≤0.05) with the correlation test of microorganisms contaminant shows negative value meaning the level of contaminant microorganism is an inverse proportion to the hatchery results.
The impacts of oil palm plantation establishment on the habitat type, species diversity, and feeding guild of mammals and herpetofauna
Authors: KWATRINA ROZZA TRI , SANTOSA YANTO , BISMARK M. , SANTOSO NYOTO
Published: October 2018

Kwatrina RT, Santosa Y, Bismark M, Santoso N. 2018. The impacts of oil palm plantation establishment on the habitat type, species diversity, and feeding guild of mammals and herpetofauna. Biodiversitas 19: 1213-1219. Indonesia is the world’s largest producer of palm oil. Contributing 2.14% to the country’s gross domestic product, palm oil plays an important role in the national economy from plantation sector. However, the expansion of oil palm plantations has brought negative impacts to forests and wildlife. Little is known to what extent these negative impacts on mammals and reptiles can be reduced through better management. To address this knowledge gap, the current study assessed species diversity as affected by the establishment of the oil palm plantation in Central Kalimantan, a tropical biodiversity hotspot in Asia. We conducted 25 line transect surveys and visual encounter surveys in oil palm areas, shrubs and secondary forests in these landscapes. The results indicated that the establishment of oil palm plantation negatively impacted species abundance and diversity, and changed the mammal and reptile species composition, by favoring ecologically generalist species. For forest specialist species, forested areas like HCV and HCS, play an important role in maintaining habitat heterogeneity in oil palm landscapes. Mammal species found in habitat conditions following oil palm plantations belong to some feeding groups, whereas all species of herpetofauna have terrestrial habitat types. These mammal and herpetofauna species can live and function in the food chain in the oil palm plantation ecosystem.
Short Communication: The diversity of epipelic diatoms as an indicator of shrimp pond environmental quality in Lampung Province, Indonesia
Authors: SUPONO SUPONO , HUDAIDAH SITI
Published: October 2018

Supono, Hudaidah S. 2018. Short Communication: The diversity of epipelic diatoms as an indicator of shrimp pond environmental quality in Lampung Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1220-1226. Epipelic diatoms live by attaching to sediment. Their existence is strongly affected by water and sediment quality. The purpose of this research was to analyze the structure of epipelic diatom populations on the bottom of shrimp ponds and to determine the correlation between epipelic diatom diversity and the quality of water and of pond bottom sediment. This exploratory research was conducted on twelve shrimp ponds during the water preparation period (pre-stocking). Data were collected to analyze the correlation between water and sediment qualities. The results showed that Nitzschia and Pleurosigma were the dominant epipelic diatoms in the shrimp ponds. Epipelic diatom diversity in shrimp ponds was affected by water quality parameters (namely total alkalinity, organic matter and nitrate) as well as sediment quality parameters (namely cation exchange capacity, clay content and organic matter content).
Short communication: A new record of Etlingera megalocheilos (Griff.) A.D. Poulsen (Zingiberaceae) in Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: TRIMANTO TRIMANTO , HAPSARI LIA
Published: October 2018

Trimanto, Hapsari L. 2018. Short communication: A new record of Etlingera megalocheilos (Griff.) A.D. Poulsen (Zingiberaceae) in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1227-1235. A through morphological examination has been conducted to a living specimen of Zingiberaceae collection of Purwodadi Botanic Garden, East Java which was collected from Pangi Binangga Nature Reserve, Central Sulawesi. The result showed that the characters of the species match very well with the description of Etlingera megalocheilos. The distribution of E. megalocheilos was previously reported to occur only in Sundaland includes Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo. Thus, E. megalocheilos is a newly recorded species in Sulawesi; and confirmed that its distribution record now has expanded to Wallacea. The key morphological characters of E. megalocheilos are labellum hourglass-shaped, dull red or red to orange-red with the yellow margin, the anther is not covered by the corolla lobe, and have slightly angled filament. Detailed descriptions, photographs, and notes of the species are presented in this paper. Due to its high potential medicinal properties, further bioprospecting studies are necessary to conduct.
Bacterial symbionts of acroporid corals: Antipathogenic potency against Black Band Disease
Authors: WIJAYANTI DIAH PERMATA , SABDONO AGUS , WIDYANANTO PRASTYO ABI , DIRGANTARA DIO , HIDAKA MICHIO
Published: October 2018

Wijayanti DP, Sabdono A, Widyananto PA, Dirgantara D, Hidaka M. 2018. Bacterial symbionts of acroporid corals: Antipathogenic potency against Black Band Disease. Biodiversitas 19: 1236-1242. Black Band Disease (BBD), an infectious coral disease which can cause a rapid decline of coral reefs, has appeared as a serious threat -to many reefs around the world including Karimunjawa National Park, Java Sea. Although it had been studied for more than 30 years, control of disease remains obscure. In the present research coral symbiont bacteria having antipathogenic activity against Black Band bacterial associate were screened and characterized. Fourteen out of 87 bacteria isolates derived from healthy corals showed antagonism against the Black Band bacterial strains. The isolates were then re-examined using disc-diffusion method to confirm the initial observation. The CI6 showed the strongest ability to inhibit BAFBB5, a bacterial strain associated with the BBD. Following the partial sequencings of 16S rDNA, the results indicated that the CI6 isolate was closely related to Virgibacillus salarius strain SA-Vb1, while the BBD associate isolate has strong relation with Virgibacillus marismortui. The results have shown that bacterial strains derived from healthy acroporid corals have potential to be used as a biocontrol agent against BBD.