bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LEUCEMIA E GASTOS HOSPITALARES: UMA ANÁLISE DO IMPACTO ECONÔMICO PARA O SISTEMA PÚBLICO DE SAÚDE DE MONTES CLAROS, MG
Authors: Cordeiro Rodrigues João Víctor , Sanches Adelhane Martins , Duque de Oliveira Amanda Teixeira , Ribeiro Leander de Almeida , Ruas Paraíso Rosa Maria , França Dorothéa Schimidt
Published: December 2019

Introdução: A leucemia, proliferação neoplásica generalizada ou acúmulo de células hematopoiéticas, que há ou não envolvimento do sangue periférico, é um câncer complexo, cujo tratamento objetiva destruir as células leucêmicas visando à produção de células normais pela medula óssea, o que é dispendioso para o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Objetivo: Analisar os impactos econômicos que a leucemia demanda para o SUS em Montes Claros, MG, no período de janeiro de 2010 a janeiro de 2018, considerando o sexo masculino e feminino e as diferentes faixas etárias. Metodologia: Pesquisa descritiva, sistemática, longitudinal e quantitativa. Dados coletados referentes a janeiro de 2010 a janeiro de 2018, sobre gastos públicos com procedimentos hospitalares relacionados à leucemia, na plataforma DATASUS. Amostra composta pela população do município de Montes Claros – MG acometida pela neoplasia e que geraram algum gasto hospitalar. Indivíduos de ambos os sexos acometidos pela afecção e de todas as idades foram incluídos. Não houve critérios de exclusão. Resultados: Os gastos hospitalares com leucemia em Montes Claros foram variáveis, não apresentando um padrão que acompanha o número total de internações no período, o que denota a individualidade de cada paciente. Considerando o sexo, os homens foram mais dispendiosos e, com relação à faixa etária, sem distinção de sexo, os indivíduos de 0 a 19 anos. Conclusão: A leucemia demanda muita atenção e investimento por parte do Sistema Único de Saúde, em que a busca por um tratamento eficaz que englobe a individualidade de cada paciente gera grandes impactos econômicos para o SUS.
ANEMIA EM GESTANTES ATENDIDAS NA REDE PÚBLICA DE SAÚDE DE UM MUNICÍPIO DO SUL DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Luiz Alice Aparecida de Oliveira , Santos Milena Bernardes , Brito Tábatta Renata Pereira de , Gradim Clícia Valim Côrtes , Lima Daniela Braga
Published: December 2019

Introdução: A anemia gestacional constitui o problema nutricional em nosso meio, podendo acarretar efeitos deletérios na saúde do binômio mãe-filho. Objetivo: Verificar a ocorrência de anemia em gestantes assistidas em serviços públicos de saúde. Métodos: Estudo de corte transversal com gestantes adultas cadastradas e acompanhadas durante o pré-natal em Unidades de Saúde da Família de um município do sul de Minas Gerais. A anemia gestacional foi identificada por um nível de hemoglobina < 11 g/dL. Aplicou-se um questionário estruturado com informações socioeconômicas, obstétricas, estilo de vida, nutricionais e a dosagem dos parâmetros hematológicos. Os dados foram tratados por meio das análises descritivas e bivariadas. Resultados: A ocorrência da anemia encontrada foi de 11,43% com maior frequência entre as gestantes na faixa etária de 31 a 40 anos, com baixa escolaridade, solteiras, com início do acompanhamento no terceiro trimestre de gestação, tabagistas e com baixo peso pré-gestacional. Observou-se consumo de dietas inadequadas em relação aos macros e micronutrientes. Conclusões: Os resultados evidenciaram baixa prevalência de anemia, caracterizando um problema leve de saúde pública e uma situação importante quanto a inadequação do consumo alimentar. Contudo, faz-se necessário novas investigações sobre os fatores associados à ocorrência dessa deficiência nutricional, destacando-se a importância da assistência à saúde como fator de prevenção à anemia e demais intercorrências gestacionais.
AVALIAÇÃO DA SOBRECARGA DO CUIDADOR FAMILIAR DE IDOSOS COM DEPENDÊNCIA FUNCIONAL
Authors: Rangel Rodrigo Leite , Dos Santos Lucas Brito , Santana Elaine dos Santos , Marinho Maykon dos Santos , Chaves Renato Novaes , Reis Luciana Araújo dos
Published: December 2019

Introdução: O envelhecimento populacional vem acompanhado de uma série de alterações biopsicossociais que somadas as patologias que a acompanha, acaba favorecendo a situação de dependência, e com isso acaba necessitando de uma demanda de ações de cuidados da família ao idoso fragilizado. Objetivos: analisar o nível de sobrecarga do cuidador familiar de idosos com dependência funcional a partir do Questionário de Avaliação da Sobrecarga do Cuidador Informal, e investigar o perfil dos idosos e seus cuidadores familiares quanto às características sociodemográficas, econômicas e de saúde. Métodos: Foi um estudo epidemiológico, de base populacional, quantitativo, de corte transversal. Realizado na cidade de Vitória da Conquista – BA, com os idosos dependentes cadastrados no Programa de Atendimento Municipal Domiciliar ao Idoso com Limitação e seus cuidadores familiares, escolhidos por meio dos critérios de elegibilidade. Foram utilizados dois questionários, sendo um para os dados sociodemográfico e de avaliação das condições de saúde, bem como o Questionário de Avaliação da Sobrecarga do Cuidador Informal. Os dados foram tabulados com base no programa Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Resultados: prevalência de cuidadores do sexo feminino (87,3%), filhas (57,1%), casadas (41,3%), com baixa escolaridade (50,8%), no qual realizava a tarefa a mais de 10 anos (41,3%). E quanto a sobrecarga (85,7%) dos cuidadores familiares apresentam um quadro extremamente grave de sobrecarga. Conclusões: pode-se afirmar que a tarefa do cuidar traz um grande impacto no bem-estar físico, social, emocional e econômico do cuidador e de toda a família.
Non-Euclidean symmetries of first-order optical systems
Authors: Monzón J. J. , Montesinos-Amilibia J. M. , Sánchez-Soto L. L.
Published: December 2019

We revisit the basic aspects of first-order optical systems from a geometrical viewpoint. In the paraxial regime, there is a wide family of beams for which the action of these systems can be represented as a Möbius transformation. We examine this action from the perspective of non-Euclidean hyperbolic geometry and resort to the isometric-circle method to decompose it as a reflection followed by an inversion in a circle. We elucidate the physical meaning of these geometrical operations for basic elements, such as free propagation and thin lenses, and link them with physical parameters of the system.
Parametric study on single-camera endoscopic tomography
Authors: Liu Hecong , Wang Qianlong , Cai Weiwei
Published: December 2019

Optical tomography has become an indispensable tool for combustion diagnostics due to its noninvasiveness. However, for a typical tomography system, multiple high-speed cameras are usually required to capture different perspectives simultaneously, which is costly and requires precise synchronization, especially for the diagnostics of supersonic/hypersonic flows. Recently, a single-camera endoscopic tomography system has been proposed to overcome the aforementioned problem [Opt. Commun. 437, 33 (2019)OPCOB80030-401810.1016/j.optcom.2018.12.036]. This work aims to optimize the parameters of the single-camera tomography system such as the number of input ends of the fiber bundle and focal length of the lens. Simulative and experimental studies were conducted. The results show that it has the best performance to register nine projections onto a single camera.
Analysis of optical nanostructures using the surface impedance generating operator
Authors: Gholipour A.
Published: December 2019

The method of surface impedance generating operator (SIGO) is developed
for analyzing complex optical nanostructures. In this method, the main
problem is divided into several subproblems. The proposed SIGO method
handles these subproblems independently. Therefore, the method is
suitable for parallel computing and is numerically efficient for
analyzing large-scale optical structures. To formulate the subproblems
in integral form, the dyadic Green’s functions need to be derived for
all interior and exterior domains. The dyadic Green’s functions of
typical exterior problems, e.g., free space, multilayer, periodic,
etc., are quite familiar. However, a method based on distribution
theory is introduced to obtain the required dyadic Green’s functions
of interior problems for scatterers with arbitrary shapes. An
important lemma is stated and proved. This lemma preserves the crucial
property of Green’s functions, which is the completeness of
eigenmodes. The dyadic Green’s functions of the interior problem are
specifically derived for the rectangular nanorods. Using the SIGO
method and the derived Green’s functions, the current distribution of
an optical nano dipole antenna is analyzed. It is shown that, for the
same level of accuracy, SIGO can be faster than other conventional
formulations and require lower computational resources as well.
Therefore, it can be used for successful design and optimization of
complex plasmonic circuits.
Depletion effect in high-order harmonic generation with coherent superposition state
Authors: Phan Ngoc-Loan , Nguyen Thanh-Tuynh , Mineo Hirobumi , Hoang Van-Hung
Published: December 2019

Enhancement of the conversion efficiency of high-order harmonics (HHG) generated from an atom in the superposition of two quantum states instead of the ground state is essential because of the recent application in the generation of ultrashort isolated attosecond pulses. In this study, we first confirm the enhancement for a more real system with full three-dimensional geometry and then investigate an interesting effect—the influence of the depletion on the HHG cutoff. For this purpose, we prepare a hydrogen atom initially in the coherent superposition of the ground and the first excited states and calculate the HHG by numerically solving the three-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE)—the TDSE method. We find that the plateau of HHG spectra with the coherent superposition state ends earlier than that of the ground state, which can be attributed to the depletion of the excited state. We justify this link by adopting the classical simulation and time-dependent ionization rate. Besides, we show that the conversion efficiency is sensitive to the existence of the excited state. Particularly, for some values of laser field intensity, the excited state population of about 1% increases HHG intensity by more than 5 orders. However, after a critical excited state population, the HHG intensity is stable with continuously increasing initial population of the excited state that is meaningful for experimental setups.
Molecular and Functional Characterization of Circulating Tumor Cells: From Discovery to Clinical Application
Authors: Cortés-Hernández Luis Enrique , Eslami-S Zahra , Pantel Klaus , Alix-Panabières Catherine
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND

One of the objectives for the liquid biopsy is to become a surrogate to tissue biopsies in diagnosis of cancer as a minimally invasive method, with clinical utility in real-time follow-ups of patients. To achieve this goal, it is still necessary to achieve a better understanding of the mechanisms of cancer and the biological principles that govern its behavior, particularly with regard to circulating tumor cells (CTCs).

CONTENT

The isolation, enumeration, detection, and characterization of CTCs have already proven to provide relevant clinical information about patient prognosis and treatment prediction. Moreover, CTCs can be analyzed at the genome, proteome, transcriptome, and secretome levels and can also be used for functional studies in in vitro and in vivo models. These features, taken together, have made CTCs a very valuable biosource.

To further advance the field and discover new clinical applications for CTCs, several studies have been performed to learn more about these cells and better understand the biology of metastasis. In this review, we describe the recent literature on the topic of liquid biopsy with particular focus on the biology of CTCs.
Cecal Perforation in the Setting of Campylobacter jejuni Infection
Authors: Jain Seema , Bettner Weston , Olevian Dane C. , Yadav Dhiraj
Published: December 2019

Campylobacter infection is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, yet life-threatening complications are extremely rare. We present a 32-year-old previously healthy man who presented with dysentery from Campylobacter jejuni, which was complicated by cecal perforation and secondary bacterial peritonitis.
Tatalaksana Perioperatif pada Pasien dengan Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices (Cieds) atau Alat Elektronik Kardiovaskular Implan (Aleka)
Authors: Boom Cindy Elfira , Widyapuspita Ornella
Published: December 2019

Jumlah pasien pengguna cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) atau alat elektronik kardiovaskular implan (ALEKA) hingga saat ini makin bertambah setiap tahunnya di penjuru dunia, namun masih banyak ahli anestesi yang belum nyaman dalam mengelola pelayanan perioperatif pada pasien-pasien tersebut dikarenakan kurangnya pengetahuan dan pengalaman pemrograman alat untuk menatalaksana pasien. Alat elektronik kardiovaskular implan merupakan sebuah istilah yang mencakup penggunaan alat pacu jantung untuk bradiaritmia dan implantable cardioverter defibrilator (ICD)/defibrilator kadioverter implan (DKI) untuk takiaritmia, serta cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)/ terapi resinkronisasi jantung (TRJ) untuk disfungsi diastolik dengan hambatan konduksi. Hingga saat ini, tercatat setidaknya lebih dari 250.000 pasien dewasa maupun anak menjalani pemasangan alat pacu jantung tiap tahunnya, oleh karena itu, penting bagi seorang dokter anestesi untuk memahami dan mampu membuat perencanaan perioperatif dengan tim multidisiplin agar dapat menurunkan morbiditas dan mortalitas pasien. Tinjauan pustaka ini dibuat untuk memberikan info seputar ALEKA dengan berfokus pada manajemen perioperatif pasien dengan ALEKA, serta algoritma tatalaksana yang dapat diimplementasikan dalam praktik sehari-hari.
Konstruksi Kausatif dalam Bahasa Mandailing: Kajian Tipologi Sintaksis
Authors: Hasibuan Ibnu Ajan
Published: December 2019

This article purposes to analyze the causative construction of Mandailing language as a typology in morphosyntaxis. This study provides an overview of the Mandailing contstruction forms that were often used by people in their daily lives as natural language in South Tapanuli District. The Methode used qualitative descriftive method. The data was obtained through proficient methods, record by analyzing in a conversation. Intuitive data were analyzed through morphemes and causative verbs of the Mandailing Batak language. The results of the analysis of the data on this study present an informal method in the form of exposure to three parts morphosyntactically causative construction including analytic, morphological, and lexical which the verb mambaen ‘make’ part of the causative verb. The Mandailing causative affixes of the Batak Mandailing to the results of the analysis are (ma-ko), (tar), (pa-kon), (pa-on), and (pa) in the causative morphology. Semantic parameters also have the same verb but have different meanings.
Solvability of an infinite system of nonlinear integral equations of Volterra-Hammerstein type
Authors: Chlebowicz Agnieszka
Published: December 2019

The purpose of the paper is to study the solvability of an infinite system of integral equations of Volterra-Hammerstein type on an unbounded interval. We show that such a system of integral equations has at least one solution in the space of functions defined, continuous and bounded on the real half-axis with values in the spacel1consisting of all real sequences whose series is absolutely convergent. To prove this result we construct a suitable measure of noncompactness in the mentioned function space and we use that measure together with a fixed point theorem of Darbo type.
Predicting the lignin H/G ratio of Pinus sylvestris L. wood samples by PLS-R models based on near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Alves Ana , Simões Rita , Lousada José Luís , Lima-Brito José , Rodrigues José
Published: December 2019

Softwood lignin consists mainly of guaiacyl (G) units and low amounts of hydroxyphenyl (H) units. Even in a small percentage, the ratio of H to G (H/G) and the intraspecific variation are crucial wood lignin properties. Analytical pyrolysis (Py) was already successfully used as a reference method to develop a model based on near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for the determination of the H/G ratio on Pinus pinaster (Pnb) wood samples. The predicted values of the Pinus sylvestris (Psyl) samples by this model were well correlated (R = 0.91) with the reference data (Py), but with a bias that increased with increasing H/G ratio. Partial least squares regression (PLS-R) models were developed for the prediction of the H/G ratio, dedicated models for Psyl wood samples and common models based on both species (Pnb and Psyl). All the calibration models showed a high coefficient of determination and low errors. The coefficient of determination of the external validation of the dedicated models ranged from 0.92 to 0.96 and for the common models ranged from 0.83 to 0.93. However, the comparison of the predictive ability of the dedicated and common models using the Psyl external validation set showed almost identical predicted values.
The Fall of the Berlin Wall and Namibian Independence
Authors: Saunders Chris
Published: December 2019

The Berlin Wall was breached as Namibia’s first democratic election was being conducted. It is therefore wrong to say that the fall of the Berlin Wall ushered in Namibia’s independence. That independence was on track when the Wall fell. But the fall of the Wall, and the associated collapse of the state socialist regimes of Eastern Europe, had significant consequences for the form of independence that emerged in Namibia in 1990.
Sonority Sequencing Principle in Sabzevari Persian: A Constraint-Based Approach
Authors: Alqahtani Mufleh Salem M.
Published: December 2019

This study sheds light on the relationship between the Sonority Sequencing Principle (SSP) and syllable structure in Sabzevari, a Persian vernacular spoken in the Sabzevar area of Northeast Iran. Optimality Theory (OT), as a constraint-based approach, is utilized to scrutinize sonority violation and its repair strategies. The results suggest that obedience to the SSP is mandatory in Sabzevari, as shown through the treatment of word-final clusters in Standard Persian words which violate the SSP. These consonant clusters are avoided in Sabzevari by two phonological processes: vowel epenthesis and metathesis. Vowel epenthesis is motivated by final consonant clusters of the forms /fricative+coronal nasal/, /plosive+bilabial nasal/, /fricative+bilabial nasal/, /plosive+rhotic/, /fricative+rhotic/, and /plosive+lateral/. Metathesis, as another repair strategy for sonority sequencing violations, occurs when dealing with final consonant clusters of the forms /plosive+fricative/and / fricative+lateral/.
Periodic law: new formulation and equation description
Authors: Imyanitov Naum S.
Published: December 2019

The atomic weight, nuclear charge, electron configuration of an atom and the total number of i-electrons in an atom belonging to i-block (i = s, or p, or d, or f) are considered as the fundamental characteristics of an element (atom). Only in the latter case, the true periodicity is achieved: the repetitions occur at regular intervals. The total number of i-electrons in an atom belonging to i-block is used as the new basis for the description of the periodicity. This made possible to propose a new formulation of the Periodic law and to describe the Periodic law by an equation. The equation provides opportunities for large-scale prediction of the properties of elements and their compounds; it does not require special knowledge to work with it. Theoretical and applied aspects of the application of the new formulation and equation are outlined. Predictions are made for proton affinity and gas phase basicity of 20 elements, constants of inductive effects of 185 atoms and groups, electronic parameters of 222 neutral ligands. The suitability of the equation is exemplified by the description of the properties of atoms and elements, such as ionization energy, electron affinity, proton affinity, electronegativity, covalent atomic radii and the enthalpy of element formations in the gas phase. The equation makes possible to describe also the properties of compounds and their fragments: the acidic properties of the hydrogen compounds of the elements, the acidic properties of protonated atoms and molecules, gas phase basicity and proton affinity of compounds, inductive effects of ligands in coordination chemistry and substituents in organic chemistry, electronic parameters of neutral ligands, the electron effect constants of coordinating metals.
High temperature machines: topologies and preliminary design
Authors: Lefik Marcin , Komeza Krzysztof , Juszczak Ewa Napieralska , Roger Daniel , Napieralski Piotr , Takorabet Noureddine , Elmadah Hamed
Published: December 2019

The paper presents the design of a machine that can work at high temperature. The impact of various topologies and materials on electromagnetic field distribution and losses was analyzed. Two and three-dimensional simulations were carried out. The results obtained were discussed.
Das Modellvorhaben Gesundheitsuntersuchung in Grundschulen | GrundGesund: Vorgehensweise und Ergebnisse
Authors: Pöche-Guckelberger Ina , Babitsch Birgit
Published: December 2019

Im Rahmen des Modellvorhabens „Gesundheitsuntersuchungen in Grundschulen“ ǀ GrundGesund wurde ein neuer Ansatz erprobt, der Elemente der Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention verzahnt. Auf Basis einer schulärztlichen Untersuchung und Elternbefragung wurden Impulse zur Förderung der Gesundheit der Grundschüler*innen sowohl individuell als auch kollektiv abgeleitet und gemeinsam mit den Schulen Aktivitäten der Gesundheitsförderung entwickelt und durchgeführt. Die Konzeption von GrundGesund erwies sich in allen Teilkomponenten als umsetzbar.
Tabakkonsum und Passivrauchbelastung von Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Starker Anne , Zeiher Johannes , Kuntz Benjamin
Published: December 2019

Die Vermeidung des Rauchens und der Passivrauchbelastung von Kindern und Jugendlichen ist ein wichtiges gesundheitspolitisches Ziel. Die wiederholt erhobenen Daten der KiGGS-Studie zeigen einen deutlichen Rückgang bei Tabakkonsum und Passivrauchbelastung. Dazu dürften sowohl Maßnahmen der Tabakkontrollpolitik als auch Präventionsprogramme beigetragen haben. Dennoch besteht noch Handlungsbedarf bei der Verbesserung der Tabakkontrollpolitik, vor allem im Bereich des Tabakwerbeverbots.
A developmental view on incrementation in language change
Authors: Cournane Ailís
Published: December 2019

Acquisition is an intuitive place to look for explanation in language change. Each child must learn their individual grammar(s) via the indirect process of analyzing the output of others’ grammars, and the process necessarily involves social transmission over several years. On the basis of child language learning behaviors, I ask whether it is reasonable to expect the incrementation (advancement) of new variants to be kicked off by and sustained by the acquisition process. I discuss literature on how children respond to input variation, and a series of new studies experimentally testing incrementation, and argue that at least for some phenomena, young children overgeneralize innovative variants beyond their input. I sketch a model of incrementation based on initial overgeneralization, and offer further thoughts on next steps. Much collaborative work remains to precisely link analogous dynamic phenomena in learning and change.
Computational historical linguistics
Authors: Jäger Gerhard
Published: December 2019

Computational approaches to historical linguistics have been proposed for half a century. Within the last decade, this line of research has received a major boost, owing both to the transfer of ideas and software from computational biology and to the release of several large electronic data resources suitable for systematic comparative work. In this article, some of the central research topics of this new wave of computational historical linguistics are introduced and discussed. These areautomatic assessment of genetic relatedness,automatic cognate detection,phylogenetic inferenceandancestral state reconstruction. They will be demonstrated by means of a case study of automatically reconstructing a Proto-Romance word list from lexical data of 50 modern Romance languages and dialects. The results illustrate both the strengths and the weaknesses of the current state of the art of automating the comparative method.
Neues zuüberhauptundsowieso
Authors: Boonen Ute K. , Fisseni Bernhard
Published: December 2019

This article investigates the use ofüberhauptandsowiesoin German and Dutch. These two words are frequently classified as particles, if only because of their pragmatic functions. The frequent use of particles is considered a specific trait common to German and Dutch, and the description of their semantics and pragmatics is notoriously difficult. It is unclear whether both particles have the same meaning in Dutch (where they are loanwords) and German, whether they can fulfil the same syntactic functions and to what extent the (semantic and pragmatic) functions ofüberhauptundsowiesooverlap. There has already been linguistic research onüberhauptandsowiesoby Fisseni (2009) using the world-wide web and by Bruijnen and Sudhoff (2013) using the EUROPARL corpus. In the present study we critically evaluated the corpus study, integrating information on original utterance language and discussing the adequacy of this corpus. Moreover, we conducted an experimental survey collecting subjective-intuitive judgements in three dimensions, thus gathering more data on sparse and informal constructions.

By using these complementary methods, we obtain a more nuanced picture of the use ofüberhauptandsowiesoin both languages: On the one hand, the data show where the use of both words is more similar and on the other hand, differences between the languages can also be discerned.
Von Satzbauplänen zu Nominalgruppenbauplänen
Authors: Hennig Mathilde
Published: December 2019

In contemporary German, nominal structures are often prefered to verbal sentences. Since it is rather common to convert main verbs into nouns by the means of derivation, verbal propositions can easily be integrated into new sentences. As the main verb‘s valency is maintained, verbal complements can be transfered into noun phrases as well – now functioning as modifiers. Thus, contemporary German offers a wide range of possibilities of transferring propositions from sentences into noun phrases. On the other hand, it seems to be easier to transfer certain types of sentence structures into nominal structures than others. The article explores the possibilities and limitations of this process on the basis of an empirical study, in which native speakers of German were asked to „translate“ sentences into noun phrases. According to the results of the study, the possibilities and limitations of the transformation of verbal sentences into nominal structures depend on the following factors: amount of complements, form of complements and modifiers, formal similarities and differences of verbal complements and nominal modifiers.
Lower-limb Dynamics of Muscle Oxygen Saturation During the Back-squat Exercise: Effects of Training Load and Effort Level
Authors: Gómez-Carmona Carlos D. , Bastida-Castillo Alejandro , Rojas-Valverde Daniel , de la Cruz Sánchez Ernesto , García-Rubio Javier , Ibáñez Sergio J. , Pino-Ortega José
Published: December 2019

Gómez-Carmona, CD, Bastida-Castillo, A, Rojas-Valverde, D, de la Cruz Sánchez, E, García-Rubio, J, Ibáñez, SJ, and Pino-Ortega, J. Lower-limb dynamics of muscle oxygen saturation during the back-squat exercise: effects of training load and effort level.J Strength Cond Res34(5): 1227–1236, 2020—The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of strength training on lower limb muscle oxygenation. The sample consisted of 12 male subjects (22.4 ± 1.73 years; 1.81 ± 0.08 cm height and 77.76 ± 8.77 kg body mass). Six different strength training stimuli were analyzed, based on the training variables: load (60–75% 1 repetition maximum [1RM]) and level of effort (LE) (E1: 4 × 8 [20RM], E2: 4 × 12 [20RM], E3: 4 × 16 [20RM], E4: 4 × 4 [10RM], E5: 4 × 6 [10RM], and E6: 4 × 8 [10RM]) in the squat exercise up to 90° with a 2-second stop between repetitions to avoid the myotatic reflex. Oxygen saturation at the beginning of the series (SmO2start), oxygen saturation at the end of the series (SmO2stop), percentage of oxygen saturation loss (▽%SmO2), and reoxygenation time (SmO2recT) were assessed using a near-infrared spectroscopy device. In addition, the percentage of mean propulsive velocity loss (%MPVL) was recorded using a linear transducer. The results suggested an influence of LE and training load on muscle oxygenation. A greater LE was directly associated with SmO2recT (r= 0.864), ▽%SmO2(r= 0.873), and %MPVL (r= 0.883) and inversely with SmO2stop (r= −0.871). When the same LE was used (E1 vs. E4, E2 vs. E5, and E3 vs. E6), it was found that the stimuli with a higher load had a lower SmO2recT, ▽%SmO2, and %MPVL and a higher SmO2stop. Muscle oxygen saturation was found to be minimal (%SmO2= 0) in stimuli with a LE greater than 60% (E3 and E6). The SmO2variables studied in the present research could be considered as an easier and more useful method for understanding skeletal muscle fatigue during resistance training.
Hippies Living History
Authors: Rymsza-Pawlowska Malgorzata J.
Published: December 2019

In the late 1960s and 1970s, living history flowered, with new developments in research and interpretation at sites like Plimoth Plantation and Old Sturbridge Village, and the establishment of many new living history farms and museums, alongside a new professional organization: the Association for Living History Farms and Museums. This article examines this shift and puts it into conversation with the concurrent countercultural and commune movement, which often resembled—both aesthetically and ideologically—new living history. Using this case study as a model, I argue that in order to fully understand and account for developments in public practice, we must not only look at public history in a wider lens, but also account for form alongside context.
The (Im)Movable Monument
Authors: Giguere Joy M.
Published: December 2019

Despite Kentucky’s status as a Union state during the Civil War, the Louisville Confederate Soldiers’ Monument, erected in 1895 by the Kentucky Confederate Women’s Monument Association, is a representative example of Confederate memorialization in the South. Its history through the twentieth century, culminating in the creation of the nearby Freedom Park to counterbalance the monument’s symbolism and its ultimate removal and relocation to nearby Brandenburg, Kentucky, in 2017, reveals the relationship between such monuments and the Lost Cause, urban development, public history, and public memory. Using the Louisville Confederate Monument as a case study, this essay considers the ways in which Confederate monuments not only reflect the values of the people who erected them, but ultimately shape and are shaped by their environments.
Androgen modulation of XBP1 is functionally driving part of the AR transcriptional program
Authors: Stelloo Suzan , Linder Simon , Nevedomskaya Ekaterina , Valle-Encinas Eider , de Rink Iris , Wessels Lodewyk F A , van der Poel Henk , Bergman Andries M , Zwart Wilbert
Published: December 2019

Prostate cancer development and progression is largely dependent on androgen receptor (AR) signaling. AR is a hormone-dependent transcription factor, which binds to thousands of sites throughout the human genome to regulate expression of directly responsive genes, including pro-survival genes that enable tumor cells to cope with increased cellular stress. ERN1 and XBP1 – two key players of the unfolded protein response (UPR) – are among such stress-associated genes. Here, we show that XBP1 levels in primary prostate cancer are associated with biochemical recurrence in five independent cohorts. Patients who received AR-targeted therapies had significantly lower XBP1 expression, whereas expression of the active form of XBP1 (XBP1s) was elevated. In vitro results show that AR-induced ERN1 expression led to increased XBP1s mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, ChIP-seq analysis revealed that XBP1s binds enhancers upon stress stimuli regulating genes involved in UPR processes, eIF2 signaling and protein ubiquitination. We further demonstrate genomic overlap of AR- and XBP1s-binding sites, suggesting genomic conversion of the two signaling cascades. Transcriptomic effects of XBP1 were further studied by knockdown experiments, which lead to decreased expression of androgen-responsive genes and UPR genes. These results suggest a two-step mechanism of gene regulation, which involves androgen-induced expression of ERN1, thereby enhancing XBP1 splicing and transcriptional activity. This signaling cascade may prepare the cells for the increased protein folding, mRNA decay and translation that accompanies AR-regulated tumor cell proliferation.
Novel three-dimensional cultures provide insights into thyroid cancer behavior
Authors: Lee Mason A , Bergdorf Kensey N , Phifer Courtney J , Jones Caroline Y , Byon Sonia Y , Sawyer Leah M , Bauer Joshua A , Weiss Vivian L
Published: December 2019

Thyroid cancer has the fastest growing incidence of any cancer in the United States, as measured by the number of new cases per year. Despite advances in tissue culture techniques, a robust model for thyroid cancer spheroid culture is yet to be developed. Using eight established thyroid cancer cell lines, we created an efficient and cost-effective 3D culture system that can enhance our understanding of in vivo treatment response. We found that all eight cell lines readily form spheroids in culture with unique morphology, size, and cytoskeletal organization. In addition, we developed a high-throughput workflow that allows for drug screening of spheroids. Using this approach, we found that spheroids from K1 and TPC1 cells demonstrate significant differences in their sensitivities to dabrafenib treatment that closely model expected patient drug response. In addition, K1 spheroids have increased sensitivity to dabrafenib when compared to monolayer K1 cultures. Utilizing traditional 2D cultures of these cell lines, we evaluated the mechanisms of this drug response, showing dramatic and acute changes in their actin cytoskeleton as well as inhibition of migratory behavior in response to dabrafenib treatment. Our study is the first to describe the development of a robust spheroid system from established cultured thyroid cancer cell lines and adaptation to a high-throughput format. We show that combining 3D culture with traditional 2D methods provides a complementary and powerful approach to uncover drug sensitivity and mechanisms of inhibition in thyroid cancer.
Kabelnetzbetreiber als Programmveranstalter?
Authors: Lange Constantin , Kleinsteuber Bernd , Hintze Thomas
Published: December 2019

Als Premiere bei der Vergabe der Bundesliga-Fernsehrechte für die nächsten drei Jahre durch die DFL leer ausging, wurde von dort eine ordnungs- und medienpolitisch relevante Kritik geäußert. Arena, der neue Inhaber der Pay-TV-Rechte, ist nämlich eine hundertprozentige Tochtergesellschaft des Unternehmens Unity Media, das gleichzeitig die Kabelnetze von ish, iesy und Tele Columbus betreibt. Bisher war die Trennung von TV-Programm und -Distribution nicht nur ein Prinzip der Medienpolitik, sondern auch ein struktureller Vorteil aus ordnungspolitischer Sicht, da es den funktionierenden Wettbewerb auf der Programmebene von eventuellen Wettbewerbsproblemen auf der Distributionsebene unabhängig macht. Mehr als die Hälfte aller Haushalte erhalten ihre Fernsehprogramme über das TV-Kabel, das überall ein regionales Monopol besitzt. Allerdings steht das TV-Kabel in Substitutionskonkurrenz zu anderen Distributionswegen wie Satellit und Terrestrik (insb. DVB-T) und zukünftig auch zu den aufgerüsteten, breitbandigen Telekommunikationsnetzen (insb. VDSL) im Kontext von Triple Play. Diese verschärfte Wettbewerbssituation, die die Geschäftsmodelle der Kabelnetze in Gefahr bringt, zwingt diese, nach neuen Erlösmöglichkeiten Ausschau zu halten. Solche können einerseits im Angebot von Telefon- und Internetdiensten bestehen und andererseits im eigenen Angebot audiovisueller Inhalte, insbesondere als Pay-TV oder Pay-per-View bzw. Video-on-Demand. Damit ist die Interessenkollision zwischen Kabelnetzbetreibern und Programmanbietern vorgezeichnet. Im Folgenden beziehen Dr. Constantin Lange von der RTL inter active GmbH, Bernd Kleinsteuber von der Cablecom GmbH und Prof. DI Thomas Lange von der UPC Austria mit ihren Standpunktbeiträgen Position auf die Frage: Kabelnetzbetreiber als Programmveranstalter?
Werbung in Computerspielen: Die Bedeutung von Interaktivität für die kognitive Werbewirkung
Authors: Klimmt Christoph , Steinhof Christian , Daschmann Gregor
Published: December 2019

Werbung in Computerspielen gewinnt zusehends an Bedeutung. In der Branche herrscht großer Optimismus zu den Einsatzmöglichkeiten und auch den Wirkungspotenzialen von „In-Game-Advertising“ (IGA). Allerdings fehlen bislang systematische Untersuchungen zur Werbewirkung in Computerspielen. Ein Experiment mit 75 Spielern einer Fußballsimulation zeigt, dass die virtuelle Bandenwerbung am Spielfeldrand durchaus erinnert wird, jedoch die interaktive Nutzung von Computerspielen zu einer reduzierten Wahrnehmung der im Spiel beworbenen Marken (im Vergleich zu einer nicht-interaktiven Rezeptionsvariante) führt. Die Implikationen dieses Ergebnisses werden mit Blick auf die weitere Forschung und die praktische Anwendung von IGA diskutiert.
Erfolgsfaktoren von Fußball-Live-Übertragungen – das Beispiel der deutschen Nationalmannschaft
Authors: Feddersen Arne , Rott Armin
Published: December 2019

Anhand sämtlicher 194 Übertragungen der deutschen Fußballnationalmannschaft zwischen Januar 1993 und Dezember 2006 werden mithilfe einer autoregressiven Regressionsschätzung die Determinanten der Zuschauernachfrage nach Fußballübertragungen im deutschen Fernsehen identifiziert, quantifiziert und anschließend für eine Beispielprognose genutzt. Bestätigt wird die Vermutung, dass überwiegend die Art der Begegnung und die Bedeutung innerhalb eines bestimmten Wettbewerbs die Zahl der Fernsehzuschauer bestimmt. Zuschauer bevorzugen zudem Nationalmannschaften mit bekannten Stars und schätzen qualitativ hochwertige Gegner mit einschlägiger Reputation. Ebenfalls von Bedeutung sind nicht-sportliche Einflussgrößen wie Anstoßzeit und Wetter. Kein Einfluss lässt sich dagegen für den Trainer der Mannschaft nachweisen, und auch ob ein Spiel in den Schulferien stattfindet, ist für den Zuschauererfolg unmaßgeblich.
Der Einfluss der Marktstellung auf die Anzeigen- und Vertriebspreise regionaler Tageszeitungen
Authors: Nienstedt Heinz-Werner , Proner Patrick , Scherer Joerg
Published: December 2019

Regionale Tageszeitungen in Deutschland haben häufig ein Monopol inne oder agieren in duopolistischen Märkten. Dies lässt vermuten, dass diese Zeitungen ihre Marktstellung nutzen, um sowohl auf dem Vertriebsmarkt als auch dem Anzeigenmarkt höhere Preise durchzusetzen als auf einem Wettbewerbsmarkt. In diesem Beitrag wird der Einfluss der Marktstellung auf die Bildung von Anzeigen- und Vertriebspreisen bei Regionalzeitungen in den zwei deutschen Bundesländern Nordrhein-Westfalen und Rheinland-Pfalz untersucht. Es erfolgt eine empirische Analyse auf der Ebene von Anzeigenbelegungseinheiten bzw. Lokalausgaben, für die jeweils gesonderte Preisentscheidungen durch die Verlage zu treffen sind. Das Ergebnis der Studie zeigt unterschiedliche Verhaltensweisen auf beiden Märkten: Auf dem Vertriebsmarkt wird Marktmacht, die sich in hohen Marktanteilen an der Gesamtauflage des Verbreitungsgebietes manifestiert, in höhere Vertriebspreise umgesetzt. Auf dem Anzeigenmarkt realisieren dagegen Verlage mit hohen Marktanteilen eher niedrigere Tausend-Auflage-Preisen. Dort, wo durch Marktmacht Preissetzungsspielräume bestehen, wird sie zunächst im offensichtlich preisunelastischeren Vertriebsmarkt genutzt und eventuell vorhandene positive Netzwerk-Externalitäten vom Vertriebs- auf den Anzeigenmarkt werden hintangestellt. Im Anzeigenmarkt wird dagegen eher vorsichtig agiert. Insgesamt scheint die Preissetzung stark kostengetrieben. Die Kostendegression mit wachsender Auflage wird – zumindest in Teilen – an die Leser und Anzeigenkunden weitergegeben.
PUBLIC CONTROL AS A SEPARATE AREA OF INTERACTION BETWEEN
ADMINISTRATIVE COURTS AND THE PUBLIC
Authors: Kravchenko I. M.
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to the analysis of public control as an independent direction of interaction of administrative courts with the public. It is proved that the formation of civil society in Ukraine is the basis for effective public control over administrative courts. Features of modern civil society in Ukraine are characterized. The concept of public control over administrative courts is presented as an independent direction of interaction of administrative courts with the public. The content of public control as an independent direction of interaction of administrative courts with the public is revealed. The features of public control over administrative courts in Ukraine are considered. General and special principles of public control over administrative courts are defined. Forms of exercising public control over administrative courts have been established. Methods of conducting public control over administrative courts are revealed. Problematic issues of public control over administrative courts have been identified. The ways of improving the activity of civil society in Ukraine in exercising public control over the activity of administrative courts are outlined. The ways of increasing the effectiveness of civil society interaction with the administrative courts of Ukraine are outlined. The peculiarities of the foreign experience of civilian control over the judiciary are analyzed. Ways of borrowing foreign experience in exercising public control over the activities of the judiciary are proposed. The directions of improvement of public control over administrative courts are defined.
TIME LIMITS FOR PRE-TRIAL INVESTIGATION IN CRIMINAL CASES, WHERE
THE INDIVIDUAL WAS SERVED WITH THE NOTICE OF CHARGES
Authors: Hovorun Ye. O.
Published: December 2019

The problems of time limits for pre-trial investigation in criminal cases, where the individual was served with the notice of charges are defined. It is noted that, according to Article 219 CPC (Criminal procedure code) of Ukraine, the pre-trial investigation is required to be completed within two month from the date the person concerned is notified of suspicion in committing a crime. Notification of suspicion is necessarily made in: 1) apprehension of an individual at the scene of criminal offence or immediately after the commission of criminal offence; 2) enforcement of a restraint measure against an individual as prescribed in the present Code; 3) availability of sufficient evidence to suspect a person of having committed a criminal offence. In the first two cases a written notification of suspicion must be made within twenty-four hours after lawful apprehension or after enforcement of a restraint measure. In the third case the moment of suspicion notification depends on the formulation of such procedural judgment in proceeding and serving it to a person. The moment, when a person is considered to be informed about suspicion, has also been analyzed. Taking this into consideration, the reference time of pretrial investigation period has been determined. It is pointed at legislation gaps in parts of serving, directing written notification to the suspect, who is hiding from pre-trial investigation agencies or who refuses to take the notification. It proposes to change the current legislation concerning enshrining the cases and the procedure of written suspicion notification to a person. It is pointed at the cases, when the course of general time constraints of pretrial investigation in criminal proceeding could be suspended (Article 290 CPC of Ukraine – Disclosing materials to the other party; Article 280 CPC of Ukraine – Reasons for and procedure of suspension of pretrial investigation). The moment of term expiration for pretrial investigation has been characterized. It is confirmed that, time limits for pretrial investigation start from the moment the person concerned is notified of suspicion (service or its directing within the suggested order) and it takes two months, it provides the suspending of its proceeding, resumption, and it is completed by deciding on closing criminal proceedings or submitting an indictment to the court.
SOCIAL AND LEGAL CONDITIONALITY FOR THE FACTORS OF VIOLENCE IN CORRECTIONAL COLONIES OF MEDIUM AND MAXIMUM SECURITY LEVELS
Authors: Mykhailyk O. H.
Published: December 2019

The article reveals the social and legal conditionality for the factors of violence in correctional colonies of medium and maximum security levels. It is substantiated that violence in correctional colonies is a social and legal phenomenon, which is quite complex and ambiguous. The influence on the manifestations of violence in the correctional colonies of the following factors is proved: national-legal; socio-psychological and criminological.
The opposition from the administration of the correctional colony of medium and maximum security level to violence has a great preventive value, firstly as a deterrent to other prisoners, and secondly, the reduction of crime rates in places of non-freedom.
From the standpoint of our study, an interesting element of the motivation of a crime is violence, the content of which lies in the sphere of his own behavior of the convicted person and acts as its stimulator.
It is noted that violence in correctional colonies of medium and maximum security levels is characterized by a high degree of social danger, importance of the object of criminal law protection, and the nature and extent of the damage caused by the special subject of the crime.
The study of the social conditionality for the forms of violence in correctional colonies of the medium and maximum security levels has shown that this problem is one of the most acute among convicts, and therefore requires its immediate solution, first of all at the legal level, as well as at the level of departmental sub-legislation acts.
Therefore, when developing effective forms and methods for preventing violence in correctional colonies of medium and maximum security levels, we propose to the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine to take them into account when preparing departmental legal acts and departmental instructions of the Criminal and Executive Service of Ukraine.