bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-Objective Portfolio Optimization Strategy Using the SPEA-II Algorithm
Authors: Azarberahman Alireza , Tohidinia Malihe , Aliakbarzadeh Hossein
Published: February 2025

In the finance world, the precise selection and optimization of stock portfolios are of paramount importance. This study explores the application of intelligent algorithms, particularly the multi-objective of Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm II (SPEA-II), alongside traditional methods to determine optimal portfolios. Using the monthly stock prices, the Markowitz model is developed, focusing on the return and semi-variance criteria. Realistic constraints are applied to formulate a multi-objective optimization problem. SPEA-II and traditional multi-objective optimization methods are used to solve this problem, resulting in a set of optimal portfolios. The results show that the SPEA-II algorithm can generate portfolios with higher returns and lower risks compared to the Markowitz model and traditional methods, taking into account the complex and nonlinear conditions of the capital market. In addition, the SPEA- II algorithm showed significant efficiency and stability across different frequencies and time periods. The study highlights that the SPEA-II algorithm can serve as an effective and efficient method for stock portfolio selection and optimization, helping investors to identify portfolios with lower risk and higher return.
The Impact of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Parameters on an Urban Deprivation Index
Authors: Rinner Claus , McHenry Meghan
Published: February 2025

Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is a family of decision support methods that allow analysts to structure a decision problem through the selection and evaluation of multiple and often conflicting criteria, using established techniques to standardize, weight, and combine these criteria. Through a case study of an area-based deprivation index for the city of Toronto’s 140 neighbourhoods, we examine the variability of MCDA results under different decision models. We use interactive cartographic visualization to explore the impact of criterion weighting and three decision rules: weighted linear combination, locally weighted linear combination, and ordered weighted averaging. The modelling of socioeconomic deprivation using these different decision rules and their parameters yielded different spatial patterns of deprivation for the same set of variables and weights. The results highlight the importance of examining multiple decision models before making policy recommendations.

 

Keywords:  analytic hierarchy process, area-based composite index, locally weighted linear combination, multi-criteria decision analysis, ordered weighted averaging, socio-economic deprivation
Shaped from an early age: behavioural and hormonal phenotypes in juvenile male guinea pigs living in distinct social environments
Authors: Gleske Melanie , Mundinger Carolin , Richter S. Helene , Kaiser Sylvia
Published: February 2025

The individualised social niche results from interactions of an individual with its social environment. The social environment can change during lifetime. Thus, individuals need to be able to conform to different individualised social niches over lifetime. Our goal was therefore to elucidate when and how social niche conformance in guinea pigs occurs. We focused on juvenility, an important developmental phase characterized by prominent changes of the social environment, since the focus on social interactions shifts from parents to peers. For this approach, juvenile male guinea pigs (Cavia aperea f. porcellus) lived in two distinct social environments: while males of both groups lived in heterosexual pairs, males of one group were socially stimulated (e.g., an unfamiliar individual is introduced into the focus males home enclosure for 10 minutes) regularly whereas males of the other group were not. This procedure increased the number of social interactions, which is a crucial factor for constituting individualised social niches. Socially stimulated males showed different adjustments to their social environment in comparison to non-socially stimulated males. They displayed an initially increased stress response, enabling them to adequately react to the unpredictable social encounters. Over time, males then adjusted to this challenging environment and displayed a decrease in stress response again. Moreover, only socially stimulated males showed a significant increase of courtship and sexual behaviour with age. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that already in juvenile male guinea pigs the social environment induced hormonal adjustments and behavioural changes, thereby laying the grounds for social niche conformance.
Advancing Computational Intelligence: AI-Based Algorithm Design and Optimization in Programming
Authors: K M Yaqub Ali  , Sumi Akter  , Saidul Islam  , Md Ebrahim Mridha
Published: February 2025

The research explores AI technique implementations in algorithm optimization and design frameworks to understand their crucial impact on programming challenges and efficiency increases. This investigation analyzes GPU performance through the GPU Benchmarks Compilation dataset while deeply assessing their impact on AI-based algorithm operation. The dataset provides detailed benchmarking information for GPUs that includes computational throughput combined with cost-performance ratios and energy efficiency metrics thereby establishing strong foundations for analyzing AI-driven computational developments. This research investigation uncovered major GPU capability evolutions which demonstrate why GPUs remain important for processing advanced AI processing models. The research unveils fundamental information about GPU evolution which shows how novel GPU developments deliver efficient scaling solutions for executing AI-based computational workloads. The research puts particular emphasis on energy efficiency because it addresses the growing computational needs of AI applications. This research examines the practical implications of its findings for computational intelligence frameworks that will exist in the coming years. The study reviews benchmark patterns to establish methods which optimize algorithm designs when utilizing enhanced GPU technology. The research discovers ways to combine AI methods with upcoming GPU technologies to develop advanced computational solutions that deliver maximum efficiency. The ongoing study supports computational intelligence research through its work to connect artificial intelligence methods with recent advancements in hardware. The research shows how AI-based algorithm optimization methods can propel breakthroughs in programming and problem-solving techniques. Findings from this research create an academic foundation for upcoming studies of GPU performance alongside AI integration which continues to further advance the discipline of computational intelligence with real-world applications.
Automated Financial Reporting and Enhancement of Efficiency of Accounts
Authors: Md Rakibuzzaman  , Tanvir Rahman Akash  , Jafrin Reza  , Md Ashraful Alam
Published: February 2025

The incorporation of automation elements in the preparation of financial statements has greatly affected the accounting profession in The considerations towards efficiency, accuracy as well as decision making impacts in the accounting profession. The following research paper looks at how efficient automation has become in improving accounting efficiency, and the set Industrial Robotics and Automation Dataset is used to analyse automation trends and productivity as well as its effects on accounting. This is because different industries have implemented automation to different degrees with industries like manufacturing, healthcare and logistics in a position to provide some insights into the impact of automation on financial processes. Some of the areas where the study points out that automation contributes to the reporting processes include omitting errors that are occasioned by people, increase in accuracy of the results as well as real time reports. It also lays down automation’s impact on organizational productivity with a focus on the number of reporting cycles and strategic planning. There are some issues that organizations face when implementing the automation one of them being adaptation of the employees, other issues include; security of the data and then the issue of compliance. This paper highlights and supports, by drawing on the data trends and reviews of industries the potential when automation is treated as key, of turning financial reporting into a more effective practice. It also contains suggestions of measures for managing risks linked to workforce changeovers as well as legislative compliance. This paper contributes to existing literature on the effects of automation on accounting professions and provides a guideline to positive adoption of automation in an era where accounting services are rapidly being automated.
Investigating Language Learning Strategies Among Moroccan Learners: A Quantitative Study
Authors: EL Machichi Mohamed , Brigui Hind
Published: February 2025

This study explores the intricate relationship between English proficiency and the use of language learning strategies among Moroccan students. We analysed responses from 126 Moroccan design students’ use of language learning strategies employing the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL). The findings highlight a significant effect of improved proficiency on language strategies’ adoption, with more proficient learners using these strategies at higher frequency, particularly metacognitive, cognitive, and compensation strategies. Interestingly, affective strategies exhibited a curvilinear relationship, plateauing at moderate proficiency. The study underscores the importance of tailoring language instruction and curriculum design to help improve Moroccan students’ English proficiency, especially when English is increasingly becoming popular. Our study is a part of a larger attempt that aims to investigate language proficiency differences between Moroccan students as a first step to democratize language learning.
Principales teorías de la Inversión Extranjera Directa en los países
Authors: Molina Martínez Rubén , Méndez Ortiz Heinz Geovanny
Published: February 2025

En este artículo se discuten y analizan algunas de las principales teorías de la Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED), las cuales son, “Internacionalización o Inversión Extranjera Directa”, “Internalización”, “Costos de Transacción” y el “Paradigma Ecléctico de Dunning”. Cada uno de estas teorías aportan explicaciones y razones subyacentes en la complejidad de la IED desde una perspectiva económica, empresarial e internacional. Dentro de los hallazgos se explicó el crecimiento vertiginoso de las teorías de la Inversión Extranjera Directa, en el que cada una aporta nuevas variables o supuestos económicos para entender el fenómeno, así como, críticas u observaciones a otras teorías.
Cooperativismo, movilización campesina y dinámica política en un área neurálgica de la lucha rabassaire (1919-1924)
Authors: Planas Jordi
Published: February 2025

El cooperativismo vitivinícola se desarrolló en Cataluña en un momento de auge de la lucha social y política de los rabassaires. Las exitosas campañas electorales de Lluís Companys, el principal organizador de la Unión de Rabassaires, coincidieron con la creación de las primeras bodegas cooperativas. Pero el cooperativismo vitivinícola fue muy impermeable a la influencia del movimiento rabassaire, aun cuando este movimiento estaba muy vinculado al fenómeno cooperativo y, además, las bodegas cooperativas contaban con la participación del colectivo rabassaire. Este artículo intenta explicar esta aparente contradicción con el estudio de un área neurálgica de la lucha rabassaire, donde la movilización social y política de los cultivadores de vides fue más intensa a comienzos de los años 1920.
La influencia extranjera en la formación profesional no reglada de los trabajadores de cuello azul: FASA-Renault, 1965-1974
Authors: Cebrián Mar , López García Santiago
Published: February 2025

La modernización y convergencia de la economía española durante los últimos años del régimen franquista está intrínsecamente ligada a la ayuda exterior, que no sólo se manifestó a través de la adquisición de bienes, tecnologías y asistencia técnica extranjera, sino también a través de la formación de los trabajadores de cuello azul, concretamente mediante programas de formación profesional acelerada. Ésta es la principal aportación de la presente investigación. Este estudio se centra en un análisis de caso que examina la formación no reglada ofrecida por FASA-Renault a sus obreros durante los últimos años del régimen franquista, siguiendo la práctica adoptada anteriormente en otras naciones europeas, especialmente en Francia. Las competencias adquiridas en el puesto de trabajo a través de vías informales ayudan a entender cómo un país con una fuerza laboral poco cualificada  oficialmente fuera capaz de converger en un breve período de tiempo.
La descarbonización de las eléctricas españolas: Iberdrola, Endesa y Naturgy, un relato comparado (1960-2020)
Authors: Cano Rodríguez Sara
Published: February 2025

Este estudio analiza la evolución del cambio tecnológico en la generación de electricidad de las principales compañías eléctricas españolas entre 1960 y 2020 en el contexto de la transición hacia una economía baja en carbono. La investigación se centra en determinar si todo el sector progresó de manera uniforme o si, por el contrario, emergen patrones distintos entre las empresas. Los hallazgos revelan una convergencia tecnológica reciente entre las firmas líderes que contrasta con perfiles tecnológicos claramente diferenciados en etapas anteriores. Estos legados han influido en la posición de partida de las empresas para iniciar la descarbonización. En el contexto contemporáneo, las empresas eléctricas representan un paradigma fundamental para comprender las dinámicas de la transición energética en la configuración del panorama actual.
Study of the stability of a rock waste dump on weak soil: a case study of the oxidized quartzite dump
Authors: Brovko D , Bolotnikov A , Romanenko A
Published: February 2025

Purpose. To identify the factors influencing the stability of a rock dump on weak soil, specifically in the case of the oxidized quartzite dump located on the slope of Open Pit Mine No. 3 at PJSC "ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih," as well as to determine the stability parameters of this dump based on the obtained data and results of surveying observations.

The methods. Experimental and analytical methods were employed to investigate the engineering-geological and hydrogeological characteristics of the base of the oxidized quartzite dump and the results of surveying observations for surface slope movements.

Findings. Stability parameters of the oxidized quartzite dump were calculated for different values of the safety factor SFS (Safety Factor of Stability), allowing for the determination of optimal design characteristics to ensure its stability and safety. It was found that the values of cohesion and internal friction angle decrease due to rock slides, which is important to consider during the construction and operation of dump structures to ensure safety and minimize risks.

The originality. The scientific novelty lies in the comprehensive approach to studying the stability of a rock dump on weak soil, specifically using the example of oxidized quartzites. The research considers the unique properties of oxidized quartzites and their interaction with weak soils, a topic that has been insufficiently explored in previous studies.

Practical implementation. The comprehensive information obtained about the geological and hydrogeological situation of the area enables effective planning and development of any construction projects on this territory. Considering the impact of rock slides on soil properties allows for the development of effective risk management strategies and minimization of potential negative consequences during construction and operation of the facilities.
The effect of emulsion explosiveson atmospheric airin underground iron ore mining
Authors: Khomenko O , Kononenko M , Myronova I , Kosenko A
Published: February 2025

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to conduct an environmental assessment of the state of the atmospheric air during iron ore mining using TNT-containing and emulsion explosives (EE).

The methodology of research. To determine the features of dispersion in the atmosphere of environmentally hazardous substances at different distances from the air pit of an iron ore mine, an analytical method for calculating the distribution of concentrations of harmful substances formed after blasting operations during underground iron ore mining was used. Using environmental analysis, the level of reduction in environmental hazard when using EE in blasting operations compared to TNT-containing analogues was determined.

Findings. Based on the calculation of the values of ground level concentration of environmentally hazardous substances, it was established that the maximum concentration of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide was observed in 2008, when 100% of TNT-containing explosives (E) were used in underground mining operations. The use of 78% of Ukrainit-type EE and 22% of TNT-containing E from their total costs during 2020, compared to 2008, made it possible to reduce the maximum concentrations of environmentally hazardous substances: carbon monoxide – by 5.0–5.5 times, and nitrogen oxide and dioxide – by 1.2–1.3 times.

The originality. Consists in establishing the dependence of a decrease in ground level concentration of environmentally hazardous substances and a decrease in the environmental hazard index by an average of 1.5 times (up to 36%), when using Ukrainit-type EE in the mines of the Zaporizhzhya Iron Ore Plant Private Joint-Stock Company (ZIOP PJSC) compared to the use of TNT-containing E.

Practical implications. It has been established that the use of Ukrainit type E in underground ore mining leads to a decrease in the concentrations of environmentally hazardous substances such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide and dioxide formed after blasting operations, as well as a decrease in the technogenic load on the atmospheric air.
Quantitative assessment of groundwater resource storage capacity and geomechanical stability of a disturbed rock massif
Authors: Sadovenko I , Tymoshchuk V , Zahrytsenko A , Sherstiuk Y
Published: February 2025

Purpose. To assess the storage capacity of the mined out and flooded section of the mine field for hydrogeomechanical risk determination, prevention of water inflow emergencies and substantiation the engineering protection measures in influence zone of the water body.

The methods. Predictive calculations were performed using the methods of numerical mathematical modeling of hydrodynamic and geomechanical processes implemented by the method of finite differences and finite elements. Simulation technique involves the solution of a series of inverse problems, which allows us to obtain high reliability forecasts in conditions of multi-factorial influence and uncertainty of the rock massif state.

Findings. The sandstones of the main roof of the coal seam have a dominant influence on the water influx formation into designed workings within the influence zone of flooded section of the mine field. Flooded mine workings due to increased hydraulic permeability play the role of a recharge contour, which appears as keeping the hydraulic pressures over the designed galleries. Involvement of the designed workings into post-ultimate deformation zone occurs when their distance from the flooded contour is less than 20.0 m, going beyond the zone of shear deformations – when moving away to a distance of 30.0 m. According to the hydrogeomechanical condition of the rock massif, the calculation option, where the designed workings are placed at a distance of 20 m from the flooding contour, is the most optimal. Since the geotechnical situation is determined by a significant number of probable characteristics (properties of rocks, water influx rates, the boundary and timing of flooding, the mapping accuracy of the geological structure of the site), as well as the substantive influence of rock structural and textural characteristics around flooded workings, technological measures of mining under protection of hydrodynamic depression have been developed.

The originality. The regularities of the water balance formation within the area affected by the flooded workings, and the dependence of the geomechanical parameters of massif stability on the state of the excavated space, pressure values, and the barrier pillar dimensions were found.

Practical implementation. Parameters of barrier pillar, which allow minimize hydrogeomechanical risks and mineral deposit loss are substantiated. Recommendations concerning mining operation procedure around flooded workings under protection of hydrodynamic depression are given.
Optimisation and improvement of the technical equipment of stationary air monitoring stations in agglomerations
Authors: Lomazov P , Pavlуchenko A , Buchavyi Yu
Published: February 2025

Goal. To analyze and develop innovative approaches to optimization and improvement of technical equipment of stationary air monitoring stations in agglomerations.

Methodology. To solve the problems, the following research methods were used: mathematical modeling – to create a model of pollutant dispersion; system analysis – to introduce the latest technologies in air quality monitoring; specification – to consider the introduction of modern automated systems and sensors; generalization – to integrate aspects of technology implementation.

Research results. Studies have shown that the introduction of the latest sensor technologies will improve the accuracy of pollutant measurements. The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies will improve communication with data centers, ensuring fast information transfer. Optimization of the location of posts using geospatial analysis by GIS tools will allow for more efficient coverage of pollution zones. The introduction of energy-efficient technologies will reduce the power consumption of devices at observation posts, and data processing algorithms will improve the forecasting and efficiency of monitoring.

Scientific novelty. The number of population by administrative districts of the Dnipro agglomeration, which is located in the coverage area of the network of posts of the Regional Center for Hydrometeorology (RCHM), where air quality data are considered reliable according to the criterion of spatial distribution, is determined. The proposed approach, based on geospatial analysis using GIS tools, allows determining the minimum and sufficient number of additional observation posts. The scheme for evaluating the effectiveness of air quality monitoring systems using sensors and IoT is substantiated, which will increase the accuracy of measurements and the speed of informing the population.

Practical significance. Improving the accuracy and efficiency of air quality monitoring will contribute to better pollution control and improve public health. The introduction of technologies and optimization of the monitoring system will allow for a faster response to environmental threats.
Dniprovske tailing dump: history, current hazards, control methods and environmental protection measures
Authors: Rudakov L
Published: February 2025

Purpose. Based on the prerequisites for its creation, the history of the formation of protective dams and the filling of the “Dniprovske” tailing dump with radioactive waste, to study and critically rethink the potential negative impact that this man-made facility may cause to the environment and to propose ways to improve the level of environmental safety during its further remediation.

Research methodology. A comprehensive study of archival materials using the method of critical analysis of scientific and methodological literature and practical developments to study the structure and stability of structural parameters and dimensions of protective (enclosing) dams and overlying rocks. Comparative analysis of the qualitative composition of the Dnipro River surface water in different hydrological sections. The results were processed using computer software systems.

Research results. The structure and structural dimensions of protective dams and overlying rocks are investigated and presented. The possibility of accumulation, migration and unloading of atmospheric water contaminated with radioactive substances in the base and foundation of protective soil dams from the tailing pit with its subsequent overflow and contamination of the Dnipro River surface waters was revealed.

Originality. For the first time,a comparative analysis of the quality composition of surface waters of the Dnipro River in two channels, upstream and downstream of the radioactive waste tailing pond, was carried out,which made it possible to track the dynamics of changes in the sulfate content in the Dnipro water. It was found that in most cases, the Dnipro River surface water after passing along the tailing pond downstream has higher sulfate contamination. This may indicate the correctness of the theory of unloading groundwater that has passed through radioactive waste and entered the surface waters of the Dnipro River.

Practical implications. Chemical compounds and radionuclides accumulated in the tailing pond and their water migration pose a threat of contamination of not only groundwater but also surface water. Ways and means of solving the problem of radioactive waste management are proposed to prevent its spread and minimize the negative impact on the environment.
Optimal installation of horizontal wells in the low-permeable anisotropic oil reservoirs
Authors: Lubkov M
Published: February 2025

Purpose. Investigation of the optimal placement of horizontal wells in the low-permeable anisotropic oil reservoirs to increase oil production.

The method of investigation. Thenumerical modeling of pressure distribution around a horizontal wells in the low-permeable anisotropic oil reservoirs is carried out using a combined finite-element-difference method.

Results. Analysis of the obtained results shows for effective using of anisotropic hard reaching oil reservoirs, it is necessary to place horizontal production wells in the areas with relatively low anisotropy of the reservoir permeability, especially avoiding places with the presence of reservoir’s shear permeability. At the placing of horizontal wells in the low-permeable anisotropic reservoirs, the most effective is the diagonal installation near themainaxes of the reservoir’s permeable anisotropy.

The originality. Based on numerical modeling using the combined finite-element-difference method, we have firstly established that, for effective use of low-permeable anisotropic, hard-reaching oil reservoirs, it is necessary to avoid places with the presence of reservoir’s shear permeability and place horizontal production wells in the diagonal direction relatively the main axes of the reservoir’s permeable anisotropy. This ensures a uniform approach of oil to the well from all possible directions and contributes to increasing the oil recovery from the reservoir.

Practical implementation. Theresults obtained show that the intensity of the filtration processes around horizontal wells and, accordingly, the increase in oil production significantly depends on its location in the low-permeable anisotropic oil reservoir. The combined finite-element-difference method can solve various practical problems in hard-reaching heterogeneous low-permeable oil reservoirs.
Study of Molecular Transport Through Nano-Sized Asymmetric Multipores in the Membrane of a Giant Unilamellar Vesicle Using COMSOL Simulation
Authors: Asaduzzaman Md , Das Sagor , Saha Shovon , Emon Shahariar , Alam Md Khorshed
Published: February 2025

The controlled transport of molecules through cell membrane nanopores holds significant promise for various biomedical applications, ranging from gene transfection and cancer chemotherapy to transdermal drug delivery. Among the diverse array of membrane-active agents, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have garnered substantial interest due to their antibacterial and antifungal properties. Magainin 2, initially uncovered within the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis, is one such AMP known to interact with lipid bilayers that lead pore formation induced by membrane-active agents like magainin-2. In this study, we employed simulation techniques using COMSOL Multiphysics to investigate molecular transport of Calcein, Texas-Red Dextran 3000 (TRD-3k), TRD-10k, and AF-SBTI through nanoscale multipores of varying sizes, assessing the impact of both pore diameter and molecular size. Our simulations reveal that the rate constant of molecular transport decreases with increasing fluorescent probe size and pore diameter which comply with experimental observations of inside-to-outside probe leakage.
Bangladesh Journal of Physics, Vol. 31, Issue 2, pp. 53 – 65, December 2024
Open Science: Knowledge for the people, by the people, and with the people
Authors: Turin Tanvir C , Raihan Mohammad M. H. , Chowdhury Nashit A
Published: February 2025

Not applicable
Evaluation of HELLP syndrome in pregnancy induced hypertension- a study of 60 cases in a tertiary level hospital
Authors: Begum Hafsa , Alam Kabir , Rahman Shafiqur , Chowdhury Sameena , Islam Ferdousi , Akhter Dilruba
Published: February 2025

Objective:HELLP syndrome is a serious complication in the latter part of pregnancy. Sometimes, hypertension may accompanied with HELLP syndrome. The aim of this study is to determine the proportion of HELLP syndrome occurs in pregnancy induced hypertension.
Method: A prospective study was conducted among 60 patients by nonrandomized sampling came after 20 weeks of gestational age with sustained rise of blood pressure 140/90mmHg irrespective of age. After admission in the Institute of Child and Mother Health(ICMH), Matuail, Dhaka, proper history & physical examination were carried out and relevant investigations were done. Appropriate and up to date management were applied to the sick mothers. Results: HELLP syndrome were demonstrated in 3(5%) patients out of sixty. Of them one(33.34%) mother died within six hour after delivery and two(66.66%) habies were born stillbirth. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and meticulous management can save the mother and her baby who suffered from HELLP syndrome.
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2015; 21 (02): 6-9
Correlation of Prostate Volume and Intravesical Protrusion of Prostate with Uroflowmetry in Evaluation of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Enamullah CA HM , Akhter Shamima , Sikder Abid , Jesmin Fatema , Ahsan Md Shafiqul , Ferdoucy Sultana Amena
Published: February 2025

Background: Uroflowmetry is considered as the best available noninvasive reference test to diagnose bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). Objective: The present study was aim to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of ultrasonography in patients of Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Radiology & Imaging and Department of Urology at Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka from July 2009 to June 2010 conducted on elderly patients presented with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. International prostate symptoms score (IPSS), Digital rectal examination (DRE), Uroflowmetry (Qmax), serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) measurements and transabdominal ultrasound scan were performed to evaluate this study.
Results: A total number of 50 elderly men were recruited in this study with a mean age of 62.14±9.98 years. High degree of negative correlation between the Qmax and prostate volume (PV) was found (r = -0.656; p = 0.001). High degree of negative correlation between the Qmax and intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) was found (r = -0.748; p=0.001).
Conclusion: The role of sonography in the evaluation of patients with BPH is found significant as prostate volume (PV) &intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) correlates well with Qmax
J.Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2015; 21 (02): 30-34
Metaphyseal Dysplasia - A Case Report
Authors: Rahman Md Shakibur , Uddin Md Sultan
Published: February 2025

Not Available
J.Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2015; 21 (02): 58-60
Diabetes - A Pandemic Disease
Authors: Agarwala B K
Published: February 2025

Abstract not available
J.Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2015; 21 (02): 3
Socio-demographic profile of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Study in an Urban Area of Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Rezaul Farid , Mahejabin Farzana , Parveen Shamima , Ahmed Rafique
Published: February 2025

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the socio-demographic profile of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The study was conducted for a period of six months from January to June 2015 and 'Institute for Paediatric Neuro-disorder and Autism' under BSMMU was considered as a place of study. Sample size was 111 ASD children and their parents were considered as respondent for interview. Frequency distributions of the selected socio-demographic factors were undertaken. Association of Socio-demographic profile with the different levels of disability (cognitive type) was tested by Bailey Scale of Infant Development. The mean age of the autistic child was 30.6 months (SD ± 6.855) .72.1% of them were male and 27.9% were female. More than seventy percent of them were first born child and all of them lived with their parents. About 70% mothers were educated. Educational status of the fathers were graduate and above 79 (71.2%) and 18 (16.2%) were limited within primary level. More than half of mothers (60.4%) of the child were housewives. Majority of fathers (86.5%) of autistic child were service holders. Most of the respondents had more than 4 family members. The mean monthly family income of the respondents was BDT 50,162.16 ± 37,747.857. 96 (86.5%) of the mothers delivered their first child at 25 years of age and below. In the present study more than seventy percent (70.7%) parents faced social problems and 29.3% parents suffered financial problems. In regard to intellectual disability, 85 (76.57%) children had significantly delayed performance level and 26 (23.42%) had mildly delayed performance level. There was no delayed performance in any children of this study group. The findings did not show any association of socio-demographic profile with the levels of intellectual disability. The result of this study gives emphasis for the need of further study in a larger scale with controls and larger sample size to obtain more information for planning and implementation.
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2016; 22 (01): 7-12
Current trend of Caesarean section and Vaginal birth in Dhaka National Medical College Hospital
Authors: Khatun Mst Hosna Ara , Arzu Jahanara , Begum Arzu Manth Ara
Published: February 2025

Background: A frequent dilemma for obstetricians is to determine the best mode of delivery in order to optimize pregnancy outcome for both the mother and the neonate.
Objective: This study was undertaken to compare demographic characteristics, parity status, antenatal care, obstetric complications and maternal outcome of all pregnancies in women who underwent caesarean section with those who had a normal vaginal delivery.
Methods: This prospective study was done in the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Dhaka National Medical College Hospital from January, 2015 to June, 2015. Women who visited for antenatal check-up and admitted for delivery in this hospital were included in the study. The subjects were divided into two groups on the basis of mode of delivery.
Results: Majority of mothers who were having caesarean section and vaginal delivery falls in 20-25 yrs of age group (50.47% vs. 65.44%) . Mothers belonging to low and lower middle socioeconomic background had higher rate in vaginal birth (80.87%). While, higher rate of caesarean sections was observed among mothers of middle and high socioeconomic status compared to vaginal delivery (75.94% vs. 19.11%). Caesarean section was higher among primigravida (64.28% vs. 36.03%) and in multigravida rate of vaginal delivery was higher (63.97% vs. 35.72). Vaginal delivery was higher among mothers who on regular antenatal check-up (80.15 % vs. 72.14 %). The major indications for caesarean section in this study were fetal distress (25.71%) and previous caesarean section (24.52%). Among the mothers uneventful puerperium was present in majority cases (90% in caesarean section vs. 98.53% in vaginal delivery).
Conclusion: Caesarean section is higher at Dhaka National Medical College Hospital as this hospital deals with high number of referred patients. Trend is common among primigravida, mothers of middle and high socioeconomic status having irregular antenatal check-up, fetal distress and previous caesarean section
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2016; 22 (01): 13-17
Aeitiological evaluation of Anaemia in one hundred patient admitted in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Shamsunnahar
Published: February 2025

Anaemia is a condition where there is a lower than normal number of red blood cells (RBCs) in the blood, usually measured by decrease in the amount of hemoglobin (Hb)1. Anemia is a very common problem encountered in our clinical practice. So, knowledge about the aetiological pattern of anaemia of patients admitted in tertiary hospitals will help the clinician in planning investigations for early diagnosis and effective management of the patients. A cross sectional study was carried out over a period of 12 months in total 100 patients with severe anaemia having Hb level below 6 gm/dl admitted in tertiary care hospital. Result of this study was Anaemia due to marrow replacement by haematological malignancies like leukaemia, lymphoma,multiple myeloma, myelofibrosis etc. were found to have highest incidence in this study (42%), Anaemia of chronic disorder 23%, Aplastic anaemia 12%, Haemolytic anaemia 9%, Iron deficiency anaemia 7%, Megaloblastic anaemia 4%, Anaemia due to acute blood loss 3%. It is concluded that in this study Heamatological malignancy appeared to most common cause of anaemia. Anaemia associated with chronic disorders were found to be the second most common causes of anaemia. Aplastic anaemia was the third most common in Tertiary Hospital
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2016; 22 (01): 24-26
Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Small Airways Function in COPD Patients
Authors: Ahmed Mohammad Nesar Uddin , Begum Shelina , Ali Taskina , Bhuiyan Mohammad Monzurul Alam , Ahmed Mostaque , Ahmed Sheikh Foyez , Siddique Md Abu Baker , Hussain Mahmud , Akther Shahina , Islam Mohammad Nurul , Polly Zinat Ara
Published: February 2025

Background: The importance of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is known to be therapeutically useful for COPD patients.
Objective: To evaluate the effects of PR program of pursed lip breathing (PLB) and diaphragmatic breathing (DB) on FEF25-75% and FEF50% in male patients with moderate stable COPD.
Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, BSMMU, Dhaka from July 2010 to June 2011 on 116 male stable moderate COPD patients aged 50 to 65 years. They were enrolled from the outpatient department (OPD) of the Department of Medicine of BSMMU and NIDCH Dhaka. All the patients were grouped as control (56 patients without PR) and experimental (60 patients with PR). The experimental patients were advised to perform the PR program for 30 minutes duration per session at home twice daily, for consecutive 60 days along with the standard drug treatment of COPD. The control patients were advised to continue their standard drug treatment alone for consecutive 60 days. For the assessment of small airways function status, FEF25-75% and FEF50% were recorded of all the subjects on day 0 and day 60 for both the groups by a portable digital MicroDL Spirometer and the statistical analysis was done by independent sample 't' test and paired Student's 't' test.
Results: Significant improvement were observed in FEF25-75% and FEF50% in patients who performed PR program.
Conclusion: The study concludes the improvement of small airways function with this sort of combination of PR program in stable COPD patients
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2016; 22 (01): 29-32
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern and Extended Spectrum B Lactamase Production among Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in a Teaching Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Roy Jaba , Nag Dipankar Chandra , Islam Badrul
Published: February 2025

Background & Aims: A major portion of urinary tract infections are caused by Escherichia coli. It has been found that these organisms are being increasingly resistant to broad spectrum B- lactam antibiotics mediated by extended Spectrum B-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes. The present study was undertaken to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and the incidence of ESBL production among Escherichia coli strains isolated from urine.
Materials & Methods: Urine specimens from patients were subjected to culture as per Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. All specimens were inoculated on to Blood agar and MacConkey agar plates and growth showing significant bacteriuria (>105 colony/ml of urine) were further identified by the standard biochemical procedures. Detection of ESBL production by isolated E.coli strains was done by Double Disc Synergy Test which is a phenotypic confirmatory test for ESBL production. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of isolates was also done as per CLSI guidelines. The study was conducted from 1st January, 2014 to 30th June, 2015.
Result: A total of 377 E.coli strains were isolated of which 165 (44%) isolates were ESBL producers. Susceptibility pattern of isolates to Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Cefixime and Ciprofloxacin was not satisfactory. More than 80% sensitivity was found only to Imipenem (96%), Nitrofurantoin (91%) and Amikacin (89%).
Conclusion: The presence of ESBL carries tremendous clinical significance. As the ESBLS are frequently plasmid encoded & same plasmid can carry genes encoding resistance to other antibiotic group, thus extremely limiting the antibiotic treatment option
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2016; 22 (01): 33-36
Effects of Calcium Acetate Versus Calcium Carbonate As Oral Phosphate Binder in CKD Patients
Authors: Ghosh Liton Chandra , Saha Swapon Kumer , Mohsin Mohammad , Ahmed Nasir
Published: February 2025

Hyperphosphatemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism are common complication of CKD lead to significant morbidity. Dietary restriction of phosphorus is limited by the need to provide adequate protein,estimated at roughly 1.0-1.2g protein per kg body weight in most ambulatory patients. Therefore, most of the patient with CKD require an Exogenous Phosphate binder to prevent hyperphosphatemia. 68 patients of CKD (III-V) not on renal replacement therapy were prospectively evaluated in the department of Nephrology, SSMCH & MH, and Dhaka from Jan 2010 Dec 2011 to see the effect of calcium acetate & Calcium Carbonate as phosphate binder. Patients were subdivided into two equal groups, Group A (received calcium acetate, 667 mg BD) Group B (received calcium carbonate, 1250 mg BD). Both the group were matched for age, sex, BMI & renal function. All patients were withdrawn from any phosphate binder and calcitriol 2 weeks ago & restricted to high protein (0.8 gm/day) & phosphate containing diet. After a wash out period, group A had taken calcium acetate and group B had taken calcium carbonate. All the biochemical parameters (S. PO,, S. Ca++, S.Creatinine & iPTH) were estimated at O month, 1st month, 2nd month & 3rd month. One month after intervention showed that serum calcium and serum phosphate were significantly reduced in acetate group than those in calcium carbonate group (P=0.03 & P=0.01). 2nd month after intervention calcium acetate group showed significant reduction of calcium in comparison to calcium carbonate group (P<0.001) & serum phosphate of calcium acetate group decreased further & its difference with calcium carbonate group was significant (P=0.001). At the end of 3rd month calcium acetate group shows a considerable reduction of serum calcium as such there was significant difference between the groups with respect to the variables (P=<0.001). Serum phosphate of calcium acetate group also decreases faster causing a much wider difference with that of calcium carbonate group (P=0.005). After end of the study iPTH decreased proportionately in both groups & serum creatinine was not significantly in either group
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2016; 22 (01): 37-41
Calcium:Its role in human health and diseases
Authors: Chowdhury Jalal Uddin
Published: February 2025

Not Available
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2016; 22 (01): 02
Comparative Study on Loneliness of Elderly Population Living at Own Houses and Institutions in Dhaka City
Authors: Jahan Sharmin , Uddin Md Mesbah , Rahman Md Mustafizur , Ahmed Md Belal , Khan Masud Reja , Hassan Munir
Published: February 2025

Background and objective: Elderly population are increasing with the increased life expectancy at birth. Perhaps no other age group feels the keen sting of loneliness more than the elderly. Institutional settings for the elderly population are developing in our country. This cross sectional study was done to compare the loneliness among elderly living in homes and institutional setting. Materials and method: This was cross sectional analytical study. The study was conducted from 1st January to 31st December 2015 in 5 thanas of Dhaka South and in Old Rehabilitation Centre, Gazipur among three hundred seventy respondents who were above 60 years of age. Data were collected by interviewer administered questionnaires using a University of California Los Angeles Loneliness measuring scale. Descriptive statistics and t-test were computed.
Results: The study revealed that more than three quarter (86.5%) respondents were from their own settings. About half (55%) of the respondents living in their own place were female whereas majority of the respondents living in institutional settings were male (60%). The mean age of the respondents was 67.8 years with SD 5.6. In institutional settings more than half (60%) of the respondents were "often felt lonely" whereas 45.6% of respondents living in their own setting "sometimes felt lonely" and this difference was significant (p<0.05). One-third of the respondents 33.8% were feeling loneliness due to death of the spouse.
Conclusion: The elderly people living in institutional settings felt more loneliness. It was observed that there was an increasing trend of feeling loneliness with age. So, steps should be taken to take away loneliness of the elderly people
J Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2016; 22 (02): 06-08