bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CANCELLED: Impact of DEM Resolution, Sources, and Resampling Techniques on Performance of SWAT Model in Upper Blue Nile Catchment
Authors: Yideg Arega Shambel
Published: January 2023

The principal purpose of this study is to investigate the uncertainty of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model in simulating outputs of runoff and sediment yield due to changes in Digital Elevation Model (DEM) resolution, sources, and resampling methods. The Upper Blue Nile catchment was selected as the study area. DEM scenarios were generated based on DEMs differing in resolution (30–1000 m), sources (ASTER GDEM2, CartoDEM, and SRTM 1-Arc Global DEM), and resampling technique (nearest neighbor, bilinear interpolation, cubic convolution, and majority). In this phase of study, the SWAT model uncertainty with DEM scenario based on resampling technique was assessed. The key findings of this study are: (1) for DEM obtained from bilinear interpolation, the simulated runoff and sediment yield was higher in rainy months as compared with other techniques, (2) the SWAT model was found to be more sensitive to resampling techniques in simulating sediment yield than in simulating runoff, (3) based on a few selected statistical measures (R2, NSE, and RMSE), it was found that use of bilinear interpolation technique is the most efficient while simulating runoff and sediment yield, (4) majority and nearest neighbor techniques were found to be the least efficient while simulating sediment yield and runoff, respectively.
Role of Applied Physiology in Management of Muscular Dystrophy by Yoga and Meditation
Authors: Barooah Rituparna
Published: January 2023

Muscular dystrophies are a group of neuromuscular disorders of genetic origin, Duchene muscular dystrophy being one of the severe forms with no predilection for any ethnicity. The progressive weakness and muscle degeneration culminate in cardiac, respiratory and orthopaedic complications, often accompanied with emotional and psychological involvement. Scope of the introduction of yoga exists at all stages of the disease as an adjunct therapy in prevention of complications, arrest/slowing of progression of the pathophysiology, improvement in the quality of life with better psychosocial adjustment. The science of yoga was developed in ancient India from Eastern Sankhya philosophy in an attempt at establishment of mind–body alignment towards an ideal, intact human physiology. Yoga involves implementation of lifestyle measures aimed at physical, and cognitive development, management of emotions and spiritual conflicts and practicing non-attachment to material and worldly pursuits. Beneficial effects were noted in psychosomatic diseases of non-communicable nature. Practice of yoga in the form of asana (postures), pranayama (breath work), sensory withdrawal (pratyahara), introspection (swadhaya), cultivation of social and individual restraints and practices (yama and niyama) and focused relaxation (dharana and dhyana) has exhibited beneficial physiological change regarding, immunological profile, cardiopulmonary exercise tolerance, posture and equilibrium, sensory acumen, neuromuscular coordination, muscle strength and cognition.
Practical and Theoretical Considerations for Dental Restorative Materials
Authors: Satpute Tanvi
Published: January 2023

Dental materials are essential for most of dental treatment modalities. Understanding the science and chemistry behind the materials and their properties can enable the operator to employ the dental material to its maximum advantage. Contemporary dental materials have evolved significantly from the conventional variety, but there is always room for refinement since the inadequacies of the current dental materials in function are recognized only with the advent of advanced dental materials testing methods. As a result, continuous improvement and modification of dental materials is essential. Caries is a process of continuous demineralization and re-mineralization. Recurrent caries is a common occurrence around the tooth-restoration margin. It most likely indicates that the current dental materials are inadequate in their applications. As a result, augmenting conventional dental materials with additional advantageous properties is critical. This chapter aims to reflect on the empirical status of direct restorative materials frequently used in the field of restorative dentistry.
Ranging and Positioning with UWB
Authors: Henry Jerome
Published: January 2023

Indoor location is one of the key use cases enabled by UWB for navigation and asset tracking. The 802.15.4a and 802.15.4z standards describe several techniques for determining the distance between a mobile device client and a set of static anchors. Two of them (SS-TWR and DS-TWR) use a bidirectional exchange between the client and the anchor, with the resulting distance being calculated on the initiating side (SS-TWR) or both sides (DS-TWR). OWR does not require an exchange and simply relies on the comparison of arrival times of signals (TDoA). With UL-TDoA, the time of arrival of the client signal is compared on several anchors, drawing distance hyperbolae from which the client location is deduced. With DL-TDoA, the reverse happens: the client compares the time of arrival of signals from several anchors and deduces its position. A third family of techniques is not described in the Standard but is commonly implemented in the field: AoA, where a comparison of the phase of the signal among two or more antennas is used to compute the direction of the sender. From these elements, a location engine computes the mobile device’s position. This chapter examines these techniques in detail.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Drug Therapy for Treating Postpartum Depression and Children Weight Gain: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Shariatpanahi Ghazal , Effatpanah Mohammad , Moienafshar Atousa , Shariati Mohammad , Kheiltash Azita , Ahadpourkhanghah Effat , Ahadpour Khaneghah Azam
Published: January 2023

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common psychiatric disorder with a prevalence rate of 10 - 15%. Postpartum depression may significantly affect infants’ growth and development and mothers’ health status. Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy (ICBT) has been introduced as a new therapeutic method. Objectives: The current study was carried out to determine the effect of ICBT versus conventional medical therapy in PPD subjects. Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial conducted in 2020 in the postpartum ward of Ziaeean Hospital, 102 women with singleton delivery within one week diagnosed with PPD (Edinburgh questionnaire score of over 9) were randomly considered to receive either medical treatment (sertraline 50 mg/day) or ICBT (training for controlling and confronting depression through social media five days a week for four months) groups. Postpartum depression and infants’ weight were compared at delivery, in the second month, and at the end of the study. Results: According to repeated-measures ANOVA, Edinburgh’s depression scale score did not differ significantly between the groups (P > 0.05), whereas their children’s weight differed significantly between the groups (P = 0.041). The ICBT group showed a better weight gain than those subjected to conventional medical treatment. Conclusions: In this study, there was no significant difference between cognitive behavioral therapy based on virtual content and drug treatment in postpartum healing and the improvement of children’s weight index at two and four months old. Both groups were improved. However, children’s weight gain at four months of age was higher in the group treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy based on virtual content than in the drug-treated group. This suggests that cognitive behavioral therapy based on virtual content, due to the increased awareness of mothers and behavioral changes, may be helpful, especially for women with postpartum depression with low-birth-weight children. This method can be applied in a flexible treatment manner for all women with postpartum depression, which will make women more involved in treatment, and the barriers to their treatment will be greatly eradicated.
Effects of Ziziphus Jujuba Extract Alone and Combined with Boswellia Serrata Extract on Monosodium Iodoacetate Model of Osteoarthritis in Mice
Authors: Khoramjouy Mona , Bayanati Maryam , Noori Shokoofe , Faizi Mehrdad , Zarghi Afshin
Published: January 2023

Background: As a chronic joint condition, osteoarthritis (OA) is a common problem among older people. Pain, aching, stiffness, swelling, decreased flexibility, reduced function, and disability are the symptoms of arthritis. Objectives: In this study, we tested the extracts of Ziziphus jujuba (ZJE) and Boswellia serrata (BSE) to reduce OA symptoms as an alternative treatment. Methods: NMRI mice were administered an intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA; 1 mg/10 mL) in the left knee joint cavity for the induction of OA. Hydroalcoholic extracts of ZJE (250 and 500 mg/kg), BSE (100 and 200 mg/kg), and combined ZJE and BSE were orally administered daily for 21 days. Following behavioral tests, plasma samples were collected to detect inflammatory factors. To screen for general toxicity, acute oral toxicity was evaluated. Results: Oral administration of all the hydroalcoholic extracts significantly increased the locomotor activity, pixel values of the foot-print area, paw withdrawal threshold, the latency of the withdrawal response to heat stimulation, and decreased the difference between pixel values of hind limbs compared to the vehicle group. Also, the elevated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were reduced. As tested in this study, ZJE and BSE were practically nontoxic and had a high degree of safety. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the oral administration of ZJE and BSE slows the progression of OA through anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties. Oral co-administration of ZJE and BSE extracts can be used as herbal medicine to inhibit OA progression.
An Overview of Cardiotonic Medicinal Plants from the Perspective of Iranian Traditional Medicine
Authors: Alembagheri Akram , Hajimehdipoor Homa , Choopani Rasool , Esmaeili Somayeh
Published: January 2023

Context: Cardiovascular disorders are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, especially in people with diabetes. Due to synthetic drugs’ adverse effects, new medicines are needed. Evidence Acquisition: Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) is one of the oldest medical systems. In this article, we first introduce a list of cardiotonic medicinal plants based on ITM. Then we review the cardio-related effects of these plants based on electronic databases. Results: Among the introduced medicinal plants from ITM, Phyllanthus emblica L., Rosa canina L., Ocimum basilicum L., and Melissa officinalis L. have cardiotonic effects. Also, P. emblica, O. basilicum, M. officinalis, Citrus medica L., Malus domestica Borkh., Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton, and R. canina have cardioprotective effects and possess several biological activities that reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors. Conclusions: The cardiotonic medicinal plants based on ITM have excellent value; several pharmacological studies have proved some of their cardioprotective and cardiotonic effects. The other plants’ potential for improving the heart’s contractile power as a cardiotonic drug must be evaluated in further pharmacological and clinical studies.
First records of introduced slugs of the genus Limacus (Gastropoda: Limacidae) in the Lviv region and their present distribution in Ukraine
Authors: Gural-Sverlova Nina , Rodych Taras
Published: January 2023

The first findings of Limacus flavus in the Lviv region, Western Ukraine, are described. One specimen was shown with an atypical body colouration, without yellow mucus covering it, with a monochromatic back and an almost complete absence of a reticulate pattern on the mantle, assigned to the genus Limacus only after dissection. An analysis of our own and literature data, as well as observations from two citizen science databases, showed that both Limacus species rapidly expand their ranges in Ukraine due to anthropochory. Limacus maculatus is more common outdoors, while L. flavus is more common in basements and other enclosed rooms. Most Limacus records have been made in Crimea, which is part of the natural range of L. maculatus, and in the Kyiv region, where both species were introduced. In Western Ukraine, only L. flavus has been reliably registered so far, a few anatomically verified findings were made at the beginning of the 21st century in Lviv, Rivne and Khmelnytskyi regions.
Clinical features, Treatment and Prognosis Analysis of T-cell non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Miao Yudi , Zhao Qiaojiajie
Published: January 2023

Objective: Regarding T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, it is important to explore both its clinical characteristics and treatment methods, as well as to make a good prognostic analysis. Methods: From 2017.02 to 2022.02, 40 patients with T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were seen in our hospital, and their data were implemented retrospectively. RESULTS: According to certain indicators of patients, they were divided into low-risk group (0-1 factors), low-medium-risk group (2 factors), high-medium-risk group (3 factors), and high-risk group (4-5 factors); after first-line treatment, the 3-year overall survival rates of patients with CR, PR, SD, and PD were 71%, 46%, 0%, and 0%, respectively; after treatment with CHOP-like regimens and other chemotherapy regimens, CR, PR, SD, and PD patients had 5-year overall survival rates of 44%, 36%, 0%, and 0%, respectively; after first-line treatment, CR patients were 16, PR patients were 16, and the effective rate was 80%, and SD+PD was 8. The CHOP-like regimen was used to treat 9 patients with CR, 9 patients with PR, 6 patients with SD, and 4 patients with PD; other chemotherapy regimens were used to treat 2 patients with CR, 4 patients with PR, 3 patients with SD, and 3 patients with PD, with an efficiency rate of 60% and an inefficiency rate of 40%. Conclusion: T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is easy to be misdiagnosed, and the prognosis analysis should be explored according to its clinical characteristics, combined with the treatment regimen, in order to ensure a significant treatment effect.
Exploration on the Significance and Implementation Strategies of Enhancing Physical Exercise in Cultivating the Struggle Spirit of College Students from the Perspective of Sports-education Integration
Authors: Song Lin
Published: January 2023

2021 is the first year of China's "14th Five-Year Plan", and it is also the year of striving for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. With the development of current society and technology, series of practical problems such as home isolation, campus closure, and online teaching have gradually emerged, which has led to a serious lack of sports for college students at school, unable to relax their physical and mental development, and gradually reducing their physical and mental health. The cultivation and forging of quality and character will. Therefore, in this critical period , how to cultivate qualified successors is particularly important. This article takes firm ideals and beliefs as the core, strengthens physical exercise and strengthens setback education as the starting point, elaborates in detail the requirements of the times for contemporary college students to cultivate the spirit of struggle, analyzes the significance of cultivating the spirit of struggle for contemporary college students, and concludes that the cultivation of the spirit of struggle is not only a practical Practicing the important spirit of "four self-confidence" and realizing the specific requirements of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is also an important method for the implementation of " integration of sports and education " in colleges and universities , and is closely related to the development of contemporary college students
SET-VALUED OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS WITH (p, r)-ρ -CONE ARCWISE CONNECTEDNESS
Authors: Das Koushik
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we introduce a new type of generalized arcwise connectedness, namely (p,r)-ρ-cone arcwise connectedness, for set-valued optimization problems. We establish the sufficient Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions under contingent epiderivative and (p,r)-ρ-cone arcwise connectedness assumptions. Further, we study Mond-Weir (MWD), Wolfe (WD), and mixed (MD) types duality models and prove the corresponding weak, strong, and converse duality theorems between the primal (P) and the corresponding dual problems under (p,r)-ρ-cone arcwise connectedness assumption. We also construct an example to ensure that (p,r)-ρ-cone arcwise connectedness is more general than cone arcwise connectedness.
Pengaruh Waktu dan Suhu Penyimpanan Terhadap Kadar Amoksisilin dan Asam Klavulanat dari Produk Ruahan (Bulk) Sirup Kering Co-Amoxiclav
Authors: Sundalian Melvia , Husein Sri Gustini , Ayuningtyas Vidya Putri Putri
Published: January 2023

Co-Amoxiclav merupakan antibiotik kombinasi antara amoksisilin dan asam klavulanat yang digunakan untuk mengatasi infeksi akibat bakteri yang sudah resisten terhadap amoksisilin tunggal. Amoksisilin dan asam klavulanat memiliki gugus cincin β-laktam yang mudah terhidrolisis jika kondisi penyimpanan tidak sesuai. Untuk itu dilakukan monitoring kadar amoksisilin dan asam klavulanat pada produk ruahan saat proses penyimpanan selama proses produksi berlangsung. Waktu dan suhu penyimpanan mempengaruhi penurunan kadar zat aktif dalam produk ruahan. Penentuan kadar dilakukan dengan metode KCKT (Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi) dengan fase gerak metanol : NaH2PO4 0,05 M (10:90) dengan fase diam kolom inertsil ODS 4 ukuran 150 x 4,6 mm 5 µm, laju alir 1,0 mL/menit dengan volume injek 20 µl pada panjang gelombang 220 nm. Sampel produk ruahan ini disimpan pada suhu chiller (2-8°C), suhu AC 24 jam (16-25°C) dan suhu ambient (< 30°C) selama 12 hari dengan waktu pengujian pada hari ke-0, 4, 8 dan 12. Penurunan kadar amoksisilin dan asam klavulanat yang paling signifikan terjadi pada suhu ambient (< 30°C), sedangkan kondisi penyimpanan yang paling stabil terhadap kadar amoksisilin dan asam klavulanat yaitu pada suhu chiller (2-8°C). Lama penyimpanan produk ruahan yang disarankan tidak lebih dari 4 hari.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI NATA DE BANANA DARI KULIT PISANG AMBON (Musa paradisiaca var. Sapientum (L.) Kunt) KUNING
Authors: Mardiah Irma , Setiani Nur Asni , Fauziah Bella Siti
Published: January 2023

Telah dilakukan penelitian uji aktivitas antibakteri nata dari kulit pisang ambon (Musa paradisiaca var. Sapientum (L.) Kunt) kuning. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri Staphylococus aureus dan Escherichia coli dalam sediaan nata dari kulit pisang ambon kuning. Metode difusi agar digunakan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri sediaan nata. Kulit buah pisang ambon diblender lalu didapatkan sari kulit pisang ambon kuning kemudian dibuat menjadi nata dengan menggunakan bakteri Acetobacter xylinum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sediaan nata mampu menghambat Staphylococcus aureus dengan diameter zona bening 7,65 mm, sedangkan untuk Escherichia coli tidak terdapat zona bening. Hasil penapisan fitokimia sediaan nata de banana terdapat kandungan alkaloid, flavonoid, dan tanin.
Interspecific competition in ictitheres (Carnivora: Hyaenidae) from the Late Miocene of Eurasia
Authors: Nikolaos KARGOPOULOS undefined , ROUSSIAKIS Socrates , KAMPOURIDIS Panagiotis , George KOUFOS undefined
Published: January 2023

The present paper deals with the ecomorphological characteristics of two sympatric species of ictitheres: Ictitherium viverrinum Roth & Wagner, 1854 and Hyaenictitherium wongii (Zdansky, 1924) from the Late Miocene of the Eastern Mediterranean. These two species represent different taxonomic groups with allegedly distinct ecological roles. The values of 11 ecomorphological proxies were calculated using cranial and dental elements, in order to make an extensive comparison between them (body mass, bite force, canines’ and incisors’ bending strength, endocranial volume, relative rostral width, dental mesowear, intercuspid notches and carnassial vs grinding surfaces). The proxies show similar results for both species, pointing out that they had a similar ecological niche in the Late Miocene ecosystems. Carnivorans are usually in the top of the food chain, so the existence of two ecologically similar species in the same spatiotemporal range results in interspecific competition. This explains the geographical distinction of the two species with several localities being dominated by only one of the two (e.g. Samos for Hyaenictitherium Kretzoi, 1938 and Pikermi for Ictitherium Wagner, 1848). The reason for the prevalence of each genus can be associated with their postcranial morphology, as Hyaenictitherium has been proposed to be better adapted to chase hunting, because of its longer limbs, while Ictitherium is characterized by shorter and stouter limbs.
How does digital finance affect industrial transformation?
Authors: Zhanbayev Rinat , Bu Wenchao
Published: January 2023

With the continuous advancement of technological revolution and industrial transformation, digital finance supported by big data and artificial intelligence has become an important engine for promoting carbon neutrality. We measured the industrial structure transformation index (ISU) of 30 provinces in China, and discussed the spatial spillover effect and transmission mechanism between digital finance and ISU using the spatial Durbin model. The research results demonstrate that the digital finance development can significantly improve the local ISU. Interestingly, the impact of digital finance on the ISU of adjacent areas has a significantly negative spatial spillover effect, which still exists under the different spatial weight matrix. Digital finance can improve ISU by improving green technology innovation, upgrading industrial structure, and alleviating capital allocation. We also found that the higher degree of marketization and environmental regulation can increase the positive influences of digital finance on ISU. This research proves the effectiveness of the digital finance in improving energy efficiency, and it encourages policymakers around the world to rely on digital finance to promote ecological governance and achieve high-quality economic development.
How does financial development environment affect regional innovation capabilities? New perspectives from digital finance and institutional quality
Authors: Lu Feiling
Published: January 2023

Based on China's 30 provincial panel data from 2006 to 2018, this paper uses the spatial Durbin model to empirically study the influence path and transmission mechanism of financial development on regional technological innovation, and introduce digital finance environment, marketization degree, and government environmental management as an adjustment variable to verify its regulating effect on financial development and regional technological innovation. The study found that the overall promotion of digital finance to local technological innovation is not significant. Besides, the characteristics of ownership discrimination and weak risk appetite in the bank's medium and long-term credit market have led to its failure to promote regional technological innovation. In contrast, the stock market and bond market in direct financing channels have enhanced local innovation capabilities. When the external environmental system is used as the adjustment variable, the results show that an excellent digital finance development, marketization degree, and government environmental management can effectively and positively regulate the effect of financial development and technological innovation.
Protein Amadoriase Activity of the Escherichia coli K-12 Glycolytic Enzyme Phosphoglucose Isomerase
Authors: Boteva Elitsa , Doychev Konstantin , Tsekovska Rositsa , Handzhyski Yordan , Ivanov Ivan , Mironova Roumyana
Published: January 2023

The Maillard reaction (glycation) is a spontaneous non-enzymatic reaction between primary amines and carbonyl compounds, which affects proteins and DNA of both pro- and eukaryotes. In recent studies, we have shown that the glycolytic enzyme of Escherichia coli phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) catalyzes in vitro the deglycation of DNA modified with glucose 6-phosphate (G6P)-derived Amadori products (APs). APs are early products of the Maillard reaction, which are formed not only on DNA but also on other amines including proteins. The aim of the current study was to test the E. coli PGI for protein deglycation (amadoriase) activity. To this end, we used chicken lysozyme glycated with G6P as a model protein. Treatment of the glycated lysozyme with protein extract from an E. coli PGI proficient but not deficient strain resulted in the release of G6P, which was indicative of PGI protein amadoriase activity. G6P-derived APs represent fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) residues bound to free amino groups of the model protein and because of that we compared the kinetic constants of the E. coli PGI for the glycated lysozyme and for free F6P. PGI demonstrated nearly two times higher affinity to the glycated lysozyme (Km' = 0.06 mM) than to free F6P (Km' = 0.1 mM). However, the apparent catalytic constant of the enzyme with the glycated lysozyme (Kcat' = 93 s–1) was eight times lower than with F6P (Kcat' = 736 s–1). Future studies are expected to shed light on the physiological relevance of the PGI protein amadoriase activity we report here.
A neuroepithelial wave of BMP signalling drives anteroposterior specification of the tuberal hypothalamus
Authors: Chinnaiya Kavitha , Burbridge Sarah , Jones Aragorn , Kim Dong Won , Place Elsie , Manning Elizabeth , Groves Ian , Sun Changyu , Towers Matthew , Blackshaw Seth , Placzek Marysia
Published: January 2023

The tuberal hypothalamus controls life-supporting homeostatic processes, but despite its fundamental role, the cells and signalling pathways that specify this unique region of the central nervous system in embryogenesis are poorly characterised. Here, we combine experimental and bioinformatic approaches in the embryonic chick to show that the tuberal hypothalamus is progressively generated from hypothalamic floor plate-like cells. Fate-mapping studies show that a stream of tuberal progenitors develops in the anterior-ventral neural tube as a wave of neuroepithelial-derived BMP signalling sweeps from anterior to posterior through the hypothalamic floor plate. As later-specified posterior tuberal progenitors are generated, early specified anterior tuberal progenitors become progressively more distant from these BMP signals and differentiate into tuberal neurogenic cells. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments in vivo and ex vivo show that BMP signalling initiates tuberal progenitor specification, but must be eliminated for these to progress to anterior neurogenic progenitors. scRNA-Seq profiling shows that tuberal progenitors that are specified after the major period of anterior tuberal specification begin to upregulate genes that characterise radial glial cells. This study provides an integrated account of the development of the tuberal hypothalamus.
Growth cone advance requires EB1 as revealed by genomic replacement with a light-sensitive variant
Authors: Dema Alessandro , Charafeddine Rabab , Rahgozar Shima , van Haren Jeffrey , Wittmann Torsten
Published: January 2023

A challenge in analyzing dynamic intracellular cell biological processes is the dearth of methodologies that are sufficiently fast and specific to perturb intracellular protein activities. We previously developed a light-sensitive variant of the microtubule plus end-tracking protein EB1 by inserting a blue light-controlled protein dimerization module between functional domains. Here, we describe an advanced method to replace endogenous EB1 with this light-sensitive variant in a single genome editing step, thereby enabling this approach in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and hiPSC-derived neurons. We demonstrate that acute and local optogenetic EB1 inactivation in developing cortical neurons induces microtubule depolymerization in the growth cone periphery and subsequent neurite retraction. In addition, advancing growth cones are repelled from areas of blue light exposure. These phenotypes were independent of the neuronal EB1 homolog EB3, revealing a direct dynamic role of EB1-mediated microtubule plus end interactions in neuron morphogenesis and neurite guidance.
Critical reflections on three popular computational linguistic approaches to examine Twitter discourses
Authors: Heaton Dan , Clos Jeremie , Nichele Elena , Fischer Joel
Published: January 2023

Although computational linguistic methods—such as topic modelling, sentiment analysis and emotion detection—can provide social media researchers with insights into online public discourses, it is not inherent as to how these methods should be used, with a lack of transparent instructions on how to apply them in a critical way. There is a growing body of work focusing on the strengths and shortcomings of these methods. Through applying best practices for using these methods within the literature, we focus on setting expectations, presenting trajectories, examining with context and critically reflecting on the diachronic Twitter discourse of two case studies: the longitudinal discourse of the NHS Covid-19 digital contact-tracing app and the snapshot discourse of the Ofqual A Level grade calculation algorithm, both related to the UK. We identified difficulties in interpretation and potential application in all three of the approaches. Other shortcomings, such the detection of negation and sarcasm, were also found. We discuss the need for further transparency of these methods for diachronic social media researchers, including the potential for combining these approaches with qualitative ones—such as corpus linguistics and critical discourse analysis—in a more formal framework.
Prediction model for missed abortion of patients treated with IVF-ET based on XGBoost: a retrospective study
Authors: Yuan Guanghui , Lv Bohan , Du Xin , Zhang Huimin , Zhao Mingzi , Liu Yingxue , Hao Cuifang
Published: January 2023

Aim

In this study, we established a model based on XGBoost to predict the risk of missed abortion in patients treated with in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET), evaluated its prediction ability, and compared the model with the traditional logical regression model.

Methods

We retrospectively collected the clinical data of 1,017 infertile women treated with IVF-ET. The independent risk factors were screened by performing a univariate analysis and binary logistic regression analysis, and then, all cases were randomly divided into the training set and the test set in a 7:3 ratio for constructing and validating the model. We then constructed the prediction models by the traditional logical regression method and the XGBoost method and tested the prediction performance of the two models by resampling.

Results

The results of the binary logistic regression analysis showed that several factors, including the age of men and women, abnormal ovarian structure, prolactin (PRL), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), anticardiolipin antibody (ACA), and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab), independently influenced missed abortion significantly (P < 0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) score and the F1 score with the training set of the XGBoost model (0.877 ± 0.014 and 0.730 ± 0.019, respectively) were significantly higher than those of the logistic model (0.713 ± 0.013 and 0.568 ± 0.026, respectively). In the test set, the AUC and F1 scores of the XGBoost model (0.759 ± 0.023 and 0.566 ± 0.042, respectively) were also higher than those of the logistic model (0.695 ± 0.030 and 0.550 ± 049, respectively).

Conclusions

We established a prediction model based on the XGBoost algorithm, which can accurately predict the risk of missed abortion in patients with IVF-ET. This model performed better than the traditional logical regression model.
A quantitative approach on environment-food nexus: integrated modeling and indices for cumulative impact assessment of farm management practices
Authors: Jamshidi Shervin , Naderi Anahita
Published: January 2023

Background

Best management practices (BMPs) are promising solutions that can partially control pollution discharged from farmlands. These strategies, like fertilizer reduction and using filter strips, mainly control nutrient (N and P) pollution loads in basins. However, they have secondary impacts on nutrition production and ecosystem. This study develops a method to evaluate the cumulative environmental impacts of BMPs. It also introduces and calculates food’s environmental footprint (FEF) for accounting the total environmental damages per nutrition production.

Methods

This study combines the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) for basin simulation with the indices of ReCiPe, a life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) method. By these means, the effectiveness of BMPs on pollution loads, production yields, and water footprints (WFs) are evaluated and converted as equivalent environmental damages. This method was verified in Zrebar Lake, western Iran. Here, water consumption, as WFs, and eutrophication are the main indices that are converted into equivalent health and ecological impairments. Two methods, entropy and environmental performance index (EPI), are used for weighting normalized endpoints in last step.

Results

Results showed that using 25–50% less fertilizer and water for irrigation combined with vegetated filter strips reduce N and P pollution about 34–60% and 8–21%, respectively. These can decrease ecosystem damages by 5–9% and health risks by 7–14%. Here, freshwater eutrophication is a more critical damage in ecosystem. However, using less fertilizer adversely reduces total nutrition production by 1.7–3.7%. It means that BMPs can decline total ecological damages and health risks, which threatens nutrition production. FEF presents a tool to solve this dilemma about the sustainability of BMPs. In the study area, a 4–9% decrease in FEF means that BMPs are more environmental friendly than nutrition menacing. Finally, this study concludes that SWAT-ReCiPe with FEF provides a quantitative framework for environment-food nexus assessment. However, due to the uncertainties, this method is recommended as a tool for comparing management strategies instead of reporting certain values.
Intubating Conditions and Efficacy of Rocuronium versus Atracurium in Paediatric Patients undergoing Elective Surgeries under General Anaesthesia: A Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Bansal Shilpa , Rao Mridul M Pandit , Rao Minnu Mridul Pandit
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Atracurium and rocuronium are non depolarising Neuromuscular Blockers (NMBs) with an intermediate duration of action and are used safely in the short and intermediate duration of surgical procedures in paediatric population. Aim: To compare the efficacy and safety of NMBs (rocuronium versus atracurium) at a dose 2 x (ED95) for elective surgeries under general anaesthesia in paediatric patients. Materials and Methods: The present randomised, doubleblinded, clinical trial study was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive care, Adesh Institute of Medical Science and Research (AIMSR), Bathinda, Punjab, India, from October 2021 to April 2022. Seventy American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade I-II patients of both sexes of 1-12 years age, undergoing elective surgeries under general anaesthesia were included in the study. These patients were randomly divided into two groups: patients receiving rocuronium (0.6 mg/kg) (group R, n=35) and patients receiving atracurium (0.5 mg/kg) (group A, n=35) for endotracheal intubation. Assessments were done for timing of intubation, intubation score, interpretation of relaxogram, haemodynamics, adverse events, extubation (normal or delayed) and recovery time. All the data was entered in Microsoft Excel sheet and results were expressed as percentages and mean±Standard Deviation (SD), chi-square test and unpaired t-test. Results: Time of intubation was faster with rocuronium than atracurium (66±20.32 vs 100.29±21.76 seconds). Intubation score was significantly lower in group A (2.14±0.36) than group R (3.74±0.44). Heart Rate (HR) increased significantly after intubation with atracurium. Adverse effects like bronchospasm, hypotension, skin reaction and wheeze were found in patients receiving atracurium but not in rocuronium group. Faster onset and recovery with short clinical duration was found with rocuronium on relaxogram. Delayed extubation was found in 45.7% patients in atracurium group and 5.7% patients in rocuronium group. Conclusion: Rocuronium gives excellent intubating conditions with faster induction time, shorter clinical duration, high recovery index, minimal side-effects and good haemodynamic stability than atracurium in paediatric patients.
Wide QRS Complex Tachycardia Change to Narrow QRS Complex Tachycardia After β-Blocker Administration
Authors: Liu Jun-Peng , Zhang Wen-Duo , Wang Hua
Published: January 2023

This case report describes a patient in their 80s with a history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation who presented with palpitation, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting.
Stesimbrotos of Thasos
Authors: Pownall Frances
Published: January 2023

Stesimbrotos of Thasos was a fifth‐century rhapsode and literary figure. In addition to works on mystery cults and Homeric problems, he is attested to have written a treatise on contemporary fifth‐century Athenian politicians. Although the nature and political stance of his treatise remain elusive, it was highly influential upon the later literary and historiographical tradition.
Smart Wooden Home Enabled by Direct‐Written Laser‐Induced Graphene
Authors: Nam Han Ku , Le Truong‐Son Dinh , Yang Dongwook , Kim Byunggi , Lee Younggeun , Hwang June Sik , Kim Young‐Ryeul , Yoon Hana , Kim Seung‐Woo , Kim Young‐Jin
Published: January 2023

Wood is a naturally abundant, renewable, recyclable, biodegradable, and environment‐friendly construction material. Smart homes capable of remote monitoring and light, climate, and appliance control require a large number of electrical sensors and interconnections, which are challenging to implement in wood. Although conductive Laser‐induced‐graphene (LIG) formation on lignocellulosic materials has been lately reported, the introduction of LIG electrodes to smart wooden home applications has not been addressed to date. Herein, the direct patterning of LIG on natural wood in atmospheric air to form key electrical components that can support the construction of smart wooden homes is demonstrated. The sheet resistance of the LIG can reach 6.0 Ω sq−1, which is sufficient to support smart home requirements. Four key smart home components, namely, a temperature sensor, heater, boiler, and electrical interconnections, are successfully patterned on wood at room temperature without significant ablation. In consideration of the real‐world application of this technology to wooden buildings, varnish coating is used for the LIG's structural protection; all the tests are conducted repeatedly by considering the actual wooden smart home applications. The design of LIG electrical connections using an external mechanical pressure without conductive adhesives will help promote the development of green and smart adhesive‐free timber‐based buildings.
Achieving High‐Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerator by DC Pump Strategy
Authors: Yang Peiyuan , Zhou Linglin , Gao Yikui , Xiao Junfeng , Liu Di , Zhao Zhihao , Qiao Wenyan , Liu Jiaqi , Wang Zhong Lin , Wang Jie
Published: January 2023

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has been demonstrated as a promising solution for powering widely distributed electronics in the new era of Internet of Things (IoTs), however, high‐performance TENG always relies on tribo‐materials with high triboelectric property. Herein, a simple self‐charge excitation technique that charge injection is directly realized by self‐generated electrostatic breakdown charge instead of voltage‐multiplying circuit is proposed to break through the limitation of triboelectrification. By using the designed electrostatic breakdown charge excitation TENG (EBE‐TENG), the output performance of poor tribo‐material based TENG such as polyethylene (PE) can be enhanced by 5.7 times, which even approximates that of high tribo‐material based TENG such as fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP). Moreover, electrostatic breakdown charge excitation technique also exhibits a universal applicable ability for other different triboelectric materials. This work not only greatly simplifies the charge excitation system, but also broadens the availability of materials for achieving high‐performance TENG.
[1,2]‐Phospha‐Brook Rearrangement as Tool for Generation of Anionic Nucleophiles in Addition Reactions under Brønsted Base Catalysis
Authors: Kondoh Azusa , Terada Masahiro
Published: January 2023

The [1,2]‐phospha‐Brook rearrangement involves the migration of the dialkoxyphosphoryl moiety of the alkoxide of an α‐hydroxyphosphonate from carbon to oxygen to generate an α‐oxygenated carbanion. The alkoxide that is the precursor for the rearrangement is easily accessible by the deprotonation of α‐hydroxyphosphonates or the addition of the anion of secondary phosphites to carbonyl compounds under the influence of a Brønsted base. This review article summarized recent development of the Brønsted base‐catalyzed addition reactions in which the [1,2]‐phospha‐Brook rearrangement is utilized for the generation of carbon‐based anionic nucleophiles.
A Primer on Luminescence Sensing
Authors: Gorris Hans H. , Farka Zdeněk , Hildebrandt Niko
Published: January 2023

This Perspective provides a concise overview of the field of Luminescence Sensing, which enables highly sensitive, selective, and versatile measurements. The emergence of new luminescent nanomaterials and the prospective of deploying new luminescence‐based detection schemes for solving real‐world problems, e. g., in medical diagnosis, food safety, and environmental sciences, has led to a continuous growth of the field over recent years. The contributions to the Special Collection on Luminescence Sensing – with a focus on the versatility and advantages of lanthanide complexes for advanced biosensing – serve as an excellent foundation to highlight and discuss recent developments and challenges.
Heightened Proinflammatory Glycosylation of Borrelia burgdorferi IgG Antibodies in Synovial Fluid in Patients With Antibiotic‐Refractory Lyme Arthritis
Authors: Sanes Jurgen T. , Costello Catherine E. , Steere Allen C.
Published: January 2023

Objective

Terminal glycans on the Fc portion of IgG antibodies are critical for antibody‐triggered, proinflammatory or antiinflammatory responses. We undertook this study to compare glycan profiles of total IgG1 and Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb)–specific IgG1 antibodies in patients with oral antibiotic–responsive or antibiotic‐refractory Lyme arthritis (LA).

Methods

Following affinity‐column processing, glycan profiles of IgG antibodies were determined in serum and synovial fluid (SF) samples of 21 LA patients using glycoblotting with hydrazide glycan enrichment and determination of glycan structure by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization–time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Correlations between glycan profiles and treatment outcomes were analyzed.

Results

Compared with patients with antibiotic‐refractory LA, those with antibiotic‐responsive LA had total and Bb‐specific IgG1 antibody glycans with less intense inflammatory profiles, containing lower percentages of N‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and bisecting GlcNAc and higher percentages of galactose and fucose. In contrast, patients with antibiotic‐refractory LA prior to receiving IV antibiotic therapy had total IgG1 and Bb IgG1 antibodies with maximal, minimally opposed, proinflammatory glycan profiles, containing high percentages of GlcNAc and bisecting GlcNAc, intermediate percentages with galactose and fucose, and low percentages with N‐acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid). Patients with refractory LA who were first seen with synovitis after receiving IV antibiotic therapy still had Bb IgG1 antibodies with strongly inflammatory glycan profiles, but their inflammatory potential appeared to be waning.

Conclusion

Patients with oral antibiotic–responsive LA had Bb IgG1 antibodies with more balanced proinflammatory/antiinflammatory glycan profiles, whereas patients with antibiotic‐refractory LA had Bb IgG1 antibodies with maximal, minimally opposed, proinflammatory glycan profiles. Among patients with antibiotic‐refractory LA, antibodies with this unbalanced inflammatory glycan profile may have a role in sustaining maladaptive joint inflammation.
Systematic Study of Podand Molecules for Synergistic Halogen and Hydrogen Bond‐Driven Anion Recognition in the Solid State
Authors: Saccone Marco , Cametti Massimo , Metrangolo Pierangelo , Pilati Tullio , Resnati Giuseppe , Terraneo Giancarlo
Published: January 2023

The increasing demand of species for the efficient capture and sensing of anions benefits from a systematic study of anion binding capabilities in the solid state. This work reports a detailed crystallographic study of ten structurally related podands and shows that these charged receptors bind anions with a combination of charge‐assisted halogen and hydrogen bonds. Computational tools helped in highlighting the role of the different involved interaction and afforded possible design principles for the design of improved podands.
Taurine rescues pancreatic β‐cell stress by stimulating α‐cell transdifferentiation
Authors: Sarnobat Dipak , Moffett R. Charlotte , Ma Jinfang , Flatt Peter R. , McClenaghan Neville H. , Tarasov Andrei I.
Published: January 2023

The semi‐essential ubiquitous amino acid taurine has been shown to alleviate obesity and hyperglycemia in humans; however, the pathways underlying the antidiabetic actions have not been characterized. We explored the effect of chronic taurine exposure on cell biology of pancreatic islets, in degenerative type 1‐like diabetes. The latter was modeled by small dose of streptozotocin (STZ) injection for 5 days in mice, followed by a 10‐day administration of taurine (2% w/v, orally) in the drinking water. Taurine treatment opposed the detrimental changes in islet morphology and β‐/α‐cell ratio, induced by STZ diabetes, coincidentally with a significant 3.9 ± 0.7‐fold enhancement of proliferation and 40 ± 5% reduction of apoptosis in β‐cells. In line with these findings, the treatment counteracted an upregulation of antioxidant (Sod1, Sod2, Cat, Gpx1) and downregulation of islet expansion (Ngn3, Itgb1) genes induced by STZ, in a pancreatic β‐cell line. At the same time, taurine enhanced the transdifferentiation of α‐cells into β‐cells by 2.3 ± 0.8‐fold, echoed in strong non‐metabolic elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ levels in pancreatic α‐cells. Our data suggest a bimodal effect of dietary taurine on islet β‐cell biology, which combines the augmentation of α‐/β‐cell transdifferentiation with downregulation of apoptosis. The dualism of action, stemming presumably from the intra‐ and extracellular modality of the signal, is likely to explain the antidiabetic potential of taurine supplementation.