bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Analysis to Evaluate the Outcome and Effectiveness of Increasing the Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris
Authors: Nagar Rahul , Rai Anamika
Published: October 2024

Background:

Acne vulgaris is a long-term inflammatory condition impacting the pilosebaceous units. The guidelines largely rely on expert opinions in light of certain facets of acne treatment. Before initiating our study, we conducted a prescription analysis involving 100 patients diagnosed with acne vulgaris. We noted that in the majority of these cases, the established guidelines were not adhered to. Therefore, we decided to conduct this study at our institute to see if there is any additional benefit of adding multiple drugs to the treatment regimen and to find out if there is a way to rationalize the same.

Materials and Methods:

For the study, 120 patients with acne vulgaris, graded 2 and 3 according to the Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA) Scale, were enrolled and divided into four groups. Patients were followed up for 8 weeks with visits at 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Group A was given clindamycin gel, Group B was given clindamycin gel + benzoyl peroxide gel (BPO) (2.5%), Group C was given clindamycin gel + BPO gel (2.5%) + oral doxycycline 100 mg, and Group D was given clindamycin gel + BPO gel (2.5%) + oral isotretinoin 20 mg.

Results:

This study showed that combination therapy with isotretinoin showed maximum reduction in IGA as well as in the total number of inflammatory lesions. Group C had similar efficacy to combination therapy with Group D as the results were not significantly different.

Conclusions:

The guidelines recommend adhering to protocols, specifically reserving isotretinoin for cases of very severe and treatment-resistant acne.
Relationship between Nutritional Status and Activities of Daily Living on Geriatric Depression among the Elderly Attending Primary Health Centers in Southern Karnataka
Authors: Pragadesh R , Kulkarni Praveen , Basheer Sayana
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

The population of the planet is aging quickly. According to the World Health Organization, the percentage of elderly individuals above 60 years of age worldwide is predicted to be doubled, from 12% in 2015 to 22% by 2050. Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder among the elderly which has a larger influence on their physical and emotional well-being. It is important to recognize the unique physical and mental health issues experienced by older adults.

Materials and Methods:

A community-based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among elderly above 60 years of age attending two Primary Health Centres in the field practice areas of JSS Medical College, Mysuru. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 130 elderly people were selected. Pretested semi-structured questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics was administered, and a Geriatric Depression Scale (short form), Mini Nutritional Assessment Scale of the elderly, and Katz scale of independence were used. Statistical tests such as the Chi-square test and Spearman’s correlation test were used.

Results:

The prevalence of geriatric depression was 34.6%. Along with that, 5% were malnourished and 60% were at risk of malnutrition. The prevalence of physical dependency was 10%. Malnutrition and daily living activities were significantly associated with depression. Nutritional status and daily living activities show a negative correlation with geriatric depression and among them, nutritional status shows significant negative correlation with geriatric depression.

Conclusion:

Most of the elderly with poor nutritional status were depressed. Proper nutrition and adequate physical activity can cause a reduction in depression among the elderly.
Awareness of Rehabilitation Services Related to Dysphagia among Speech-language Pathologist
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Singh Alok Kumar , Sharma Mukesh , Ranjan Rajesh
Published: October 2024

Background:

Feeding is the process which includes preparation of food in the mouth, sucking, munching, and swallowing. Dysphagia is a difficulty in swallowing. Speech-language pathologist (SLP) has an important role in the evaluation and rehabilitation of dysphagia.

Objective:

The objective of the study was to carry out the survey on awareness of rehabilitation services related to dysphagia among SLPs.

Methodology:

Fifty SLPs who have completed postgradation and have minimum 1 year of experience were selected for the study. A questionnaire having 10 closed-ended questions related to dysphagia was given to the participants. Responses were collected and analyzed.

Results:

SLPs were working in the different setups and have seen different types of cases. They have used a variety of instruments and techniques for the assessment and management of dysphagia.

Conclusion:

SLPs are there to help in dysphagia rehabilitation that addresses the requirement of dysphagia management. Management of dysphagia is a developing trend in states and SLPs accept this new trend and accountability of rehabilitation with this population.
Role of Cytokeratin 19 Fragment Antigen 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1) in Early Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sayed Aneesa Banu , Hendre Anup , Gudur Anand , Kakade Satish
Published: October 2024

Objective:

Oral cancer is considered one of the most common and rising cancers in India. Cytokeratin (CK) 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1) fragments are known to be a potential biomarker for the detection and diagnosis of potentially malignant lesion disorders (PMLDs) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this study, we estimated CYFRA 21-1 levels in tobacco abusers/smokers, PMLD patients, and OSCC patients and compared with the samples of healthy controls to estimate their role in early diagnosis of OSCC.

Materials and Methods:

Serum CYFRA 21-1 was done by sandwich ELISA method. The kits were purchased from Everon Life Sciences.

Results:

Serum CYFRA 21-1 levels were seen to be raised in the PMLD and OSCC groups when compared with the healthy controls.

Conclusion:

Serum CYFRA 21-1 levels were raised in PML and OSCC group when compared with the healthy control. CYFRA 21-1 can be used as an essential biomarker for an early diagnosis of OSCC.
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis Mimicking Posterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Gor Zeynep , Uzunhan Tuğçe A. , Yapici Ozge , Ozek Sibel U. , Hamilcikan Berna
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that develops 2–10 years after a measles infection. The diagnosis is possible through history, electroencephalography findings, and measles antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is also an assistive tool in the diagnosis. The typical presentation of the disease on MRI is the bilateral, asymmetric lesions in the periventricular and subcortical areas. Brainstem involvement is uncommon. We describe a 12-year-old boy who was initially diagnosed with posterior circulation ischemic stroke with left cerebellar peduncle diffusion restriction, treated with low molecular weight heparin, and later found to have SSPE. His follow-up MRI in 2 months showed massive cerebral cortical and white matter destruction although his first MRI with cerebellar peduncle diffusion restriction initially revealed almost normal cerebral cortex and white matter. Brainstem involvement with diffusion restriction helps expand the radiological spectrum of SSPE.
A Study on the Outcome of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injuries in a Rural Tertiary Care Facility
Authors: Kumar Bharat , Faheem Mohd , Singh Shailendra Pal , Yadav Anurag
Published: October 2024

Background:

Traumatic brain injuries are the leading cause of death and disability in children. Approximately 70%–80% of accidental deaths in the pediatric age group are directly attributable to injuries to the central nervous system.

Purpose:

To study the clinico-radiological outcome of traumatic brain injury in a pediatric population in a rural tertiary center.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 103 children with a diagnosis of traumatic brain injury who met the inclusion or exclusion criteria were considered for the study. Traumatic brain contusions, subdural hematoma, extradural hematoma (EDH), and skull fractures were treated either conservatively or surgically; accordingly, their Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at the time of initial presentation was compared with the GCS at discharge, and the cases were followed-up at 1 month and 3 months after discharge.

Results:

There were 56 males (54.37%) and 47 females (45.63%) with a male-to-female ratio of 81.19:1. The most common mode of injury was fall from height (n = 82, 79.61%), followed by road traffic accident (n = 20, 19.42%). The majority of patients presented with loss of consciousness (n = 76, 73.79%), followed by vomiting (n = 68, 66.02%) and ear nose throat bleeding. Mild traumatic brain injury with GCS = 13–15 was observed in 64 cases (62.14%); our series has a mortality of 1.94% (n = 2). A significant association between Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) and GCS was found in patients with fractures and EDH. A significant association between GOS and GCS was found in patients with contusions. Good recovery was more likely to be observed with higher GCS scores. GOS was significantly associated with GCS score on admission.

Conclusion:

The motility rate was 1.94% in the study population. Most patients had a GCS score of 13–15 with mild injuries. The outcome on radiological features such as fracture, EDH, and contusion was significantly associated with GCS score on admission.
ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction mimics: The differential diagnosis of nonacute coronary syndrome causes of ST-segment/T-wave abnormalities in the chest pain patient
Authors: Moak James H. , Muck Andrew E. , Brady William J.
Published: October 2024

The evaluation of adult patients suspected of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) includes a focused history and examination, 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), and cardiac serum marker analysis. The ECG plays a pivotal role in the early diagnosis and management of STEMI. A number of ECG entities in this patient population will present with ST-segment elevation and other electrocardiographic abnormalities which can mimic STEMI. In this article, we review the most frequent STEMI mimic patterns, highlight their ECG characteristics, and compare these individual ECG entities to the electrocardiographic abnormalities present with STEMI.
The efficacy and application of tranexamic acid in emergency medicine: Emergency Medicine Association of Türkiye clinical policy- 2024
Authors: Aksel Gökhan , Çorbacıoğlu Şeref Kerem , İslam Mehmet Muzaffer , Şener Alp , Karaarslan Fatma Nur , Satıcı Merve Osoydan , Ademoğlu Enis , Çinpolat Resul , Akoğlu Haldun , Danış Faruk , Doğan Fatma Sarı , Kudu Emre , Kaya Murtaza , Ünal Emir , Kayayurt Kamil
Published: October 2024

The clinical policy of the Emergency Medicine Association of Türkiye (EMAT) provides guidance on the use of tranexamic acid (TXA) in emergency settings. TXA, an antifibrinolytic drug, is used to control bleeding by inhibiting plasminogen. Its applications have expanded from hemophilia and severe menstrual bleeding to include various forms of trauma and surgery-related bleeding. Despite its potential benefits, the use of TXA in emergency settings must be carefully evaluated due to its associated risks, including venous thromboembolism. This policy aimed to offer evidence-based recommendations on the indications and contraindications of TXA in different clinical scenarios encountered in the emergency departments. The guidelines were developed using the “Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations” approach, incorporating systematic literature reviews, and expert consensus from the EMAT Research Committee. This document focuses on critical clinical questions regarding the efficacy and safety of TXA in situations such as gastrointestinal bleeding, multitrauma, traumatic brain injury, nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage, hemoptysis, and epistaxis. By addressing these issues, the policy seeks to assist emergency physicians in making informed decisions about the use of TXA, ultimately aiming to improve the patient outcomes.
A Probabilistic Descent Ensemble for Malware Prediction Using Deep Learning
Authors: Kumar R. Vinoth , Suguna R.
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION:  Introducing a Probabilistic Descent Ensemble (PDE) approach for enhancing malware prediction through deep learning leverages the power of multiple neural network models with distinct architectures and training strategies to achieve superior accuracy while minimizing false positives. OBJECTIVES: Combining Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) with early stopping is a potent approach to optimising deep learning model training. Early stopping, a vital component, monitors a validation metric and halts training if it stops improving or degrades, guarding against overfitting.
METHODS: This synergy between SGD and early stopping creates a dynamic framework for achieving optimal model performance adaptable to diverse tasks and datasets, with potential benefits including reduced training time and enhanced generalization capabilities.
RESULTS: The proposed work involves training a Gaussian NB classifier with SGD as the optimization algorithm. Gaussian NB is a probabilistic classifier that assumes the features follow a Gaussian (normal) distribution. SGD is an optimization algorithm that iteratively updates model parameters to minimize a loss function.
CONCLUSION: The proposed work gives an accuracy of 99% in malware prediction and is free from overfitting and local minima.
Обобщенные группы Виленкина
Authors: Vodolazov Aleksandr Mikhailovich , Skopina Mariya Alexandrovna
Published: October 2024

Введены и изучены обобщенные группы Виленкина. Такой группе
соответствует произвольная конечная абелева группа
вместо циклической группы в случае классических групп Виленкина.
Развиты основы гармонического анализа и методы построения всплесков
на обобщенных группах Виленкина. Доказано, что аддитивная группа
любого локального поля положительной характеристики является
обобщенной группой Виленкина.
Библиография: 21 название.
Об аддитивных полугруппах идемпотентных полуколец с единицей
Authors: Petrov Andrei Aleksandrovich , Shklyaev A P
Published: October 2024

Вводится понятие допустимой полугруппы как такой (аддитивной) полугруппы, на которой можно определить умножение, превращающее ее в мультипликативно идемпотентное полукольцо с единицей. Изучаются допустимые полурешетки. В частности построены счетные допустимая и недопустимая "универсальные" полурешетки, в которые изоморфно вкладываются все конечные полурешетки.
Библиография: 4 названия.
Demographic and Clinical Features of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Chad: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Israël Demba Kodindo , Coulibaly Cheick Amadou , Joël Vourchakbé , Fesuh Nono Betrand , Vincent Gonnonta , Kamhawi Shaden , Doumbia Seydou
Published: October 2024

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), caused by the protozoan Leishmania donovani complex, is endemic in many parts of the world. Little known in Chad, VL has been recently documented from previously nonendemic areas. We report an epidemiological investigation of VL in the Léré district hospital in southwestern Chad. After informed consent, 40 VL patients were enrolled in the study. Diagnosis made using the formalin serological test was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction on blood samples. Clinical parameters were obtained from the physician or nurse caregiver, and from patients. Of a total of 40 serology positive patients, L. donovani DNA was found in 33 (82.5%), with 55% being male patients. The most affected age groups were 15–29 (47.5%) and 0–14 (32.5%) years. Fever, weight loss, and pallor were frequent symptoms. Notably, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly were uncommon clinical signs. Common comorbidities included malaria (25%) and hepatitis B (15%), followed by gastric ulcer (10%) and tuberculosis (7.5%). These comorbidities were concurrent with VL and were diagnosed microscopically in blood and serum for malaria and tuberculosis, respectively, and by the rapid diagnostic test using serum for hepatitis B and gastric ulcer. Thirty-five percent of cases were treated with meglumine antimoniate, and three patients (7.5%), all with comorbidities, died. Sixty percent of patients lived close to the main town. Our data demonstrate that VL is endemic in the health district of Léré. Improving health education regarding L. donovani infection in endemic areas of Chad and providing training of health workers on early detection and management of VL are needed to help save lives.
The Eleatic Elements in the Metaphysical Reflection and in the Physical Mentions of the Parmenides
Authors: Eustacchi Francesca
Published: October 2024

In the Parmenides, it is possible to identify affirmations that are clearly of Eleatic origin and which are re-elaborated by Plato who includes them ad hoc when developing his arguments. The dialectical contribution on the question of the multiplicity of entities given to the Parmenidean philosophy by Zeno is discussed not only in the first part of the dialogue (see 127d–128d) but also in the second. In the latter, Parmenides adopts an ontological-metaphysical setting through which Plato gives an example of the various uses of Zenonian dialectic. Here all the hypotheses concerning the One are analysed (see 136a–c).
Digital Literacy Practice: Pedagogical Approach with CoPORA Model on Students’ Performances in Writing Classroom
Authors: Hafidz Moh. , Retnaningdyah Pratiwi , Mustofa Ali
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study aims to describe the impact of the CoPORA model on EFL university students’ performances in accessing, communicating, integrating, evaluating, and creating information using social media in a writing classroom. Method: Data were collected using interview techniques from EFL university students and analyzed descriptively to achieve the study's objectives. Results: The CoPORA model in pedagogical digital literacy practices enables students to master English vocabulary, be motivated to communicate, develop social identity, and manage and evaluate information effectively. Key performances included creating and communicating argumentative texts with readers on social media platforms. Social media usage facilitated checking trusted sources and contents, communicating information with friends, lecturers, and followers, making cross-references among digital content and facts, proving the truth of contents, and writing and communicating argumentative texts. Novelty: The study found that pedagogical digital literacy practices using the CoPORA model positively contribute to students' mutual contributions to language learning, cognition, and social interaction in English essay-writing classrooms.
Analysis of the Development of Image Media Use on Science Learning Outcomes in Primary Schools In the period 2018-2023
Authors: Meliyana Meliyana , Rohmani Rohmani
Published: October 2024

Objective: Technological developments regarding image media have increased quite significantly in the last six years, where the impact of the use of visual media on science learning outcomes at both middle school and high school levels, especially elementary school, is very popular, and there has been an increase in research on both theses and SINTA articles. The goal of this study is to find out how much the usage of visual media affects science learning outcomes. Topics covered in elementary school. Method: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology is used in this investigation. This methodology makes the examination and synthesis of recent research findings in primary school education possible. Using the PRISMA methodology, the study carried out a systematic literature review, covering steps like identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and inclusion criteria. The literature sources covering 2018 to 2023 came from the Google Scholar or Google Scholar database. The conclusions of this research come from database searches carried out using the terms Image Media, Science Learning Results, and Primary School. Results:  Once the literature search was completed, the analysis yielded ten articles that met the requirements for inclusion in the detailed analysis. This is selected and included. Novelty: To ensure students achieve the highest academic success, the application of appropriate media in learning science subjects in elementary grades can positively impact their learning activities.
Порівняння типів біометричних пристроїв
Authors: Скорик Юлія , Костромицький Андрій , Копиця Алла
Published: October 2024

У даній статті застосовується метод вибору єдиного переважного варіанта системи на основі експертного оцінювання для деяких біометричних пристроїв автентифікації. Щоб якісно провести аналіз біометричних пристроїв контролю доступу потрібно враховувати харатеристики систем, а також застосовувати певні методи для аналізу та вибору кращого варіанту. Отже, необхідно проводити порівняльний аналіз біометричних пристроїв з аутентифікації з огляду на сукупність показників якості. У роботі наводиться порівняння певних біометричних пристроїв контролю та управління доступом за сукупністю показників якості. Для проведення глибокого аналізу біометричних систем контролю доступу слід враховувати їхні особливості та застосовувати спеціалізовані методи оцінювання, щоб обрати найкращий варіант. У зв'язку з цим необхідно виконати порівняльний аналіз біометричних систем аутентифікації, беручи до уваги безліч показників якості. У даному дослідженні представлено порівняння різних біометричних пристроїв для контролю та управління доступом за різними критеріями якості, а саме безпека, точність, швидкість, фізичний контакт, вартість, поширеність, застосування організаціями. У статті наводиться порівняння і з застосуванням метода аналіза ієрархії та вибір бажаного варіанта відомих пристроїв біометричної ідентифікації на основі аналізу характеристик сканери відбитків пальців‍, сканери відбитків долонь, сканери геометрії рук, термінали розпізнавання обличчя, сканери райдужної оболонки ока, сканери вен на долоні. У статті наводиться порівняння і з застосуванням методу експертного оцінювання. Методи експертного оцінювання - це методи організації роботи з фахівцями - експертами та опрацювання думок експертів, виражених у кількісній та/або якісній формі з метою підготовки інформації для прийняття рішень особами, що приймають рішення. Під експертизою зазвичай розуміють проведення групою експертів оцінювання деяких характеристик (показників якості) для підготовки ухвалення оптимальних проектних рішень. Після проведення обробки певних даних визначається бажаний переважний пристрій біометричної ідентифікації. Використання біометрії дасть змогу підвищити надійність і поліпшити точність процесу автентифікації та ідентифікації об'єктів під час доступу до системи, що обслуговує велику кількість користувачів. Це особливо важливо для критично важливих систем у рамках контролю та управління фізичним доступом.
Моделювання водневого відновлення тонкодисперсного оксида заліза
Authors: Федоров Дмитро
Published: October 2024

При багатотоннажному виробництві сталі утворюється багато дрібних побічних продуктів, які забруднюють навколишнє середовище. Традиційно, їх збирали у відвали або шламові відстійники. З точки зору збереження довкілля, такі побічні продукти повинні бути очищені та використані шляхом переробки. Одним із таких очищених побічних продуктів є дрібний порошок оксиду заліза. Такий побічний продукт нераціонально повертати для використання в основне виробництво сталі. Як варіант, запропонована переробка такого оксиду заліза у залізний порошок. Відновлення оксиду до тонкодисперсного порошку заліза воднем є екологічним способом переробки. Проблема з дрібними оксидами полягає у відсутності сипучості такого матеріалу. Він має високорозвинену поверхню і може бути легкозаймистим після відновлення. Промислове виробництво залізних порошків на сьогодні віддає перевагу технології розпилення перегрітої сталі водою високого тиску з наступним відпалом у контрольованій атмосфері, що вміщує водень. Але порошок-сирець після розпиленням вміщує 2-3% залишкового кисню. А отриманий тонкодисперсний оксид має вміст до 29,5% кисню. Тому процеси відпалу та відновлення дуже різні. Для вивчення процесу відновлення воднем тонкодисперсного окисду заліза із шламових відходів проведені експериментальні дослідження та розроблено математичну модель процесу. Математична модель передбачає ступінь відновлення залежно від трьох факторів контролю процесу, а саме: висоти шару порошку, температури печі та часу витримки в гарячій секції печі. Основна мета отримання математичної моделі полягає в подальшому віртуальному дослідженні процеса для розробки технічного завдання для проектування пилотного проекту із отримання порошку заліза методом відновлення воднем оксиду заліза. Пилотне випробовування технології буде основою для комерційної технології.
Методика візуального оцінювання впливу промислових підприємств на трав'янисті рослини
Authors: Дмитрієва Олена , Цапко Наталья , Друльова Ірина , Колдоба Ірина , Браткевич Вячеслав
Published: October 2024

Методи візуального біологічного моніторингу у поєднанні з методами математичної обробки даних дають найбільший ефект, якщо вони застосовуються на перших етапах спостережень, що дозволяє оптимізувати витрати праці та кількість отриманої інформації при польових спостереженнях. Похибка візуального оцінювання суттєво залежить від кваліфікації експерта, тому дослідження, присвячене розробці методики, що дозволяє зменшити суб'єктивність рішень експерта, є актуальною. Основу методики, що пропонується, становить метод аналізу ієрархій, який дозволяє здійснювати попарне порівняння трав’янистих рослин, яке на відміну від абсолютного порівняння, менш залежить від кваліфікації експерта. Запропоновано покрокову процедуру побудови рангової моделі ступеня впливу промислового підприємства на трав'янисті рослини, що дозволяє обґрунтувати вибір модельних рослин для подальшого моніторингу. Розглянуто типові критерії оцінювання рівнів стану трав'янистих рослин та надано ієрархічну модель для визначення вагових коефіцієнтів трьох критеріїв: висота рослини; займана площа кількість рослин. Модель має 3 рівня і кластерну структуру: кластер мети; кластер критеріїв; кластер альтернатив. Кластер альтернатив містить 5 модельних рослин. Для вибору модельних рослин з загальної множини рослин на площі моніторингу пропонується процедура, яка дозволяє вихідну множину розділити на рівні, кожен з яких містить підмножину що характеризує ступень поточного впливу промислового підприємства. Наведено результати обчислення локальних пріоритетів стану модельних рослин відносно кожного з трьох критеріїв, а також відповідні глобальні пріоритети. Розглянуто формули та приклади їх використання для абсолютного та відносного оцінювання ступеня впливу промислового підприємства як на окремі модельні трав'янисти рослини, так і на всю територію, що обстежується.
Optimal selection for machining processes using the psi-r-piv method
Authors:   School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Hanoi University of Industry, Vietnam, Dua Tran Van
Published: October 2024

Machining processes are crucial in the production of various products across different industries. The accuracy, lifespan, and cost of these products significantly depend on the machining processes. This research introduces a novel method for selecting the optimal solution for machining processes. The proposed method, named PSI-R-PIV, is a hybrid of three methods preference selection index (PSI), ranking of the attributes and alternatives (R), and proximity indexed value (PIV). PSI, R, and PIV are all techniques used to rank options to determine the best among the available choices. Moreover, PSI and R have an additional function of calculating weights for the criteria. Therefore, using PSI-R-PIV to rank options for each machining process results in four sets of rankings: one by PSI, one by R, and two by PIV. In the PIV method, the weights for the criteria are calculated using the PSI and R methods. The ranking method using PIV with weights calculated by the PSI and R methods is named the PSI-PIV and R-PIV methods respectively. The four methods in the PSI-R-PIV combination include PSI, R, PSI-PIV, and R-PIV, and have been utilized to rank options in various machining processes. The results indicate that the PSI-PIV method offers high accuracy and is recommended for selecting the best option among the available choices in machining processes.
Using lean manufacturing to improve process efficiency in a fabrication company
Authors:   University of Johannesburg, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Technology, Johannesburg, South Africa, Popa Andra Maria , Gupta Kapil ,   University of Johannesburg, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Technology, Johannesburg, South Africa
Published: October 2024

This article presents a case study on improving process efficiency in a mining equipment part fabrication company. The company was facing issues concerning communication, organisation, and workflow processes. This study investigated that ineffective communication among departments was the major weakness which was responsible for the long lead or idle time. This lead time was a waste that affected the company’s productivity. A great amount of time was spent on non-value-added processes. The Kanban Centralised Communication System was implemented. Time study and value stream mapping were also used. A significant improvement in process efficiency from 34% to 85% was achieved by reducing lead time from 4200 minutes to 1680 minutes after streamlining the communication in the company using Kanban.
Analysis of Approaches to Developing Kotlin Multiplatform Applications and Their Impact on Software Engineering
Authors:   University of Kragujevac/ Faculty of Technical Sciences, Čačak, Serbia, Stanić Nikola , Ćirković Stefan ,   University of Kragujevac/ Faculty of Technical Sciences, Čačak, Serbia
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the concept of Kotlin Multiplatform and analyzes the approach to developing multiplatform applications using this tool. The research aims to analyze the key features of Kotlin Multiplatform, including its ability to share code across different platforms such as Android, iOS, and web. Through a detailed analysis of existing literature and case studies, the paper will explore the advantages and challenges of developing multiplatform applications using Kotlin Multiplatform, as well as their impact on software engineering. Special attention will be paid to performance, scalability, and code management within Kotlin Multiplatform projects. Based on the gathered data, the paper will also explore future perspectives of multiplatform application development, including potential trends, technological advancements and other cross platform solutions.
Effect of the Slope of Symmetric Saturated Activation Functions on Deep Learning
Authors:   RT-RK LLC Computer Based Systems, Belgrade, Serbia, Lutovac Banduka Maja , Poučki Vladimir ,   Poucki Technologies GmbH, Germering, Germany, Mladenović Vladimir ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Technical Sciences Čačak, Čačak, Serbia, Lutovac Miroslav ,   Academy of Engineering Sciences of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
Published: October 2024

It is presented how the slope of symmetric activation functions with saturation affects class detection using symbolic analysis. Different activation functions can be used to increase the most likely detected classes. The main result is the determination of the highest slope of the activation function and the lowest slope of the activation function in terms of the number of neurons in the layer.
Development of an Algorithm for Forecasting Inflation in the Economy Using Regression Models
Authors:   NLB Komercijalna banka/Software development department, Belgrade, Serbia, Jovanović Nemanja
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the development of an efficient algorithm for forecasting inflation, using regression models with key macroeconomic parameters as input variables. The reason for this research is based on the increasingly rapid changes in financial indicators, which are conditioned both by the corona virus epidemic and by the ubiquitous economic sanctions caused by military conflicts. By analyzing the impact of the unemployment rate, GDP, interest rates on loans, then crude oil prices and the exchange rate on inflation, we can identify the optimal approach for forecasting inflationary trends. Experimental testing of various regression models allows for a deeper understanding of the factors that shape inflation, providing a basis for making better economic decisions. Moreover, the proposed methodology is adaptable and can be applied to other economies, broadening the scope and impact of the research. Through iterative testing of regression models, we obtain a model that has the highest precision, thus creating the possibility of maintaining stability and balance on the financial market.
Detection of Broadcast Storms in Local Area Networks
Authors:   Faculty of technical sciences, University of Kragujevac, Čačak, Serbia, Pešović Uroš , Đurašević Pešović Slađana ,   Faculty of technical sciences, University of Kragujevac, Čačak, Serbia, Savić Biljana ,   Faculty of technical sciences, University of Kragujevac, Čačak, Serbia, Marković Dušan ,   Faculty of agriculture, University of Kragujevac, Čačak, Serbia
Published: October 2024

Broadcast storms represent events in the local area network (LAN) which is the result of excessive amounts of packet retransmissions by network switches which drastically reduce network performance and even overload network infrastructure which can result in that network becoming inoperational. Broadcast storms originate from broadcast and multicast packets which are targeted for all or groups of stations in LAN. Since these packets are addressed to multiple destinations, they are usually forwarded by network switches on multiple ports to reach all targeted destinations. This can become a serious problem in institutional LANs in which broadcast storms can create a temporary or permanent overload of the entire network infrastructure. This is most notably observed during the videoconferencing calls which could cause packet loss or connection interruptions. In this paper, we analyzed the influence of broadcast storms on network performance in institutional LAN and proposed a machine learning algorithm for the detection of broadcast storms based on the network traffic data collected by the Packet Capture (PCAP) Wireshark software.
The New Role of the Teacher in Education 4.0
Authors:   University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia, Purković Damir , Kovačević Stjepan ,   University of Split/Faculty of Science, Split, Croatia, Delač Dino ,   University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
Published: October 2024

Today’s social, political and technological changes, known as the 4th Industrial Revolution, have merged the physical and digital worlds and are affecting expectations for student education. In addition to expectations for soft skills development, there is an emphasis on adaptability, sustainability and critical thinking. This requires a change in the role of the teacher, especially in the technical/technological area of teaching, which is dynamic but also offers numerous opportunities for the development of the desired skills. In this context, Education 4.0 emerges as a strategy that should provide today’s students with a personalized learning experience, mobile learning, a flexible and tailored curriculum and the development of practical and applicable skills. The analysis shows that in such a context, the teacher should primarily play the role of a mentor, facilitator and helper in discovering the student’s preferences, but also as an organizer of practical activities and a guide to the student’s development path according to their preferences. Whether a teacher is willing to take on such a role depends on their knowledge and skills, but also on their attitude, beliefs and teaching practice, as well as the willingness of educational authorities to lose complete control over the educational process.
The Impact of Digital Literacy and the Application of Educational Software on the Quality of Teaching
Authors:   Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Priština, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia, Denić Nebojša , Gavrilović Snežana ,   Academy of Professional Studies Šumadija, College in Trstenik, Trstenik, Serbia, Stojanović Jelena ,   Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, Alfa BK University, Belgrade, Serbia, Stojanović Kostadinka ,   Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, Alfa BK University, Belgrade, Serbia, Milić Momir ,   Faculty of Information Technology, Alfa BK University, Belgrade, Serbia
Published: October 2024

In this paper, the possibilities of applying educational software and the influence of digital literacy in the function of electronic teaching are investigated. For the purposes of the work, the latest relevant literature in the country and abroad in this current field was researched. The subject of research of this paper will be a comparative analysis of educational software that is applied in our environment with a special emphasis on educational institutions in the area of ​​Kosovo and Metohija and the Toplic district. Based on the conducted research, the paper will present an overview of the most popular software that is used today in the teaching process. The goal of the research is to determine teachers’ attitudes about the application of educational software in teaching, to investigate the effects and possibilities of improving teaching, highlighting the positive effects that can be achieved by their application in primary, secondary and high schools. The results of the research show that the use in subject teaching resulted in an increase in the quantity and quality of students’ knowledge compared to the traditional form of teaching, as well as that students generally have a positive attitude towards the use of educational software in teaching. Standard methods of statistical processing will be used for data processing.
Students’ Satisfaction with Online and Traditional Teaching
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Technical Sciences Čačak, Serbia, Rendulić Davidović Gordana , Damnjanović Milena ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Technical Sciences Čačak, Serbia, Gluvakov Verica ,   University of Novi Sad, Technical Faculty “Mihajlo Pupin” Zrenjanin, Serbia
Published: October 2024

Students’ satisfaction in higher education is a multifaceted concept that encompasses a wide range of factors influencing the overall student experience. Universities place significant importance on understanding and measuring this satisfaction as it provides essential insights into the effectiveness of their academic offerings and support services. By focusing on students’ satisfaction, institutions can identify areas for improvement and tailor their approaches better to meet the diverse needs and expectations of their students. This paper compares students’ satisfaction with online and traditional teaching methods at two technical faculties in the Republic of Serbia. The study involved 259 students who completed a questionnaire with closed questions in digital format using Google Forms surveys. Research findings indicate that students reported higher satisfaction with classroom teaching (M=3.994, SD=0.91145) compared to online teaching (M=3.8319, SD=0.91832), although the difference is relatively small. The factors that most significantly influence students’ satisfaction with teaching include clearly defined assessment criteria, feedback on assignments, availability of literature in digital repositories, and the practical application of knowledge to solve real-world problems. The limitation of this study is that it focuses solely on students’ perceptions, disregarding perceptions of other stakeholders.
The Influence of Instagram Promotions on Young People’s Purchasing Decisions: A Study on Persuasion, Credibility, and Influencer Impact
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Čačak, Serbia, Krsmanović Ivana , Urošević Tijana ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Čačak, Serbia, Nikitović Anica ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Čačak, Serbia
Published: October 2024

The study investigates the role of Instagram as a promotional tool and its influence on young consumers’ purchasing decisions. Utilizing an exploratory, mixed-method approach, the research reveals that Instagram is perceived as a highly persuasive platform for product promotions, particularly due to its visual quality. Surprisingly, the study also highlights significant skepticism among young users (N=65) towards influencer endorsements, with low scores in trust and influence on purchasing decisions. These findings suggest that while Instagram effectively raises awareness, its ability to drive actual purchases is limited, underscoring the need for more authentic and engaging marketing strategies. Although Instagram is praised for its convenience and ease of shopping, concerns about fraud, the inability to inspect products physically, excessive ads, and the need for greater security make young people trust traditional purchases more. Low engagement scores indicate young users’ reluctance to actively interact with ads, suggesting they may be noticed but fail to inspire direct engagement.
Digital Dialogue in Practice: Statistical Analysis of Teacher and Student Activities by Time and Number of Interactions
Authors:   University Business Academy in Novi Sad / Faculty of Social Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia, Ranđelović Momčilo , Jevtić Radoje ,   School for electrical engineering „Nikola Tesla “, Niš, Serbia, Stanojević Ljiljana ,   University Business Academy in Novi Sad / Faculty of Social Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia, Veljović Vladimir ,   Faculty of Technical Sciences, Čačak, Serbia
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the results of research, which deals with the specifics of teaching using the digital dialogue method, in relation to traditional teaching. The research was conducted by three teachers, who recorded and wrote down their observations during the lessons. To quantify and categorize the obtained data, a modified Flanders’ interaction analysis was applied. In a period of 14 days, in 3 classes, 9 classes held with traditional teaching and 9 classes with the application of digital dialogue were recorded. The goal of the research was to obtain more precise information about how digital dialogue improves the quality of teaching, as well as to propose measures for its improvement based on this information. By analyzing the recordings, the most significant activities of the participants and teachers during the lesson were highlighted. Based on the obtained results, a T-test was used to compare the degree of interaction for these two applied teaching methods. The research required the calculation of several significance parameters, so a special Java application was created for that purpose. The results of the analysis indicate significant differences in the distribution of time and the level of activity of students and teachers, depending on the teaching method.
A New Curriculum-Oriented 5G ICon Platform: Lab Exercises and Projects
Authors:   Univerzitet Union Nikola Tesla, Belgrade, Srbija, Pantović Vladan , Milovanović Dragorad
Published: October 2024

The results of our ongoing efforts to develop an ICon curriculum on intelligent wireless connectivity are presented in this paper. The new core curricula encompass a range of subjects, including the fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks, Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing (CC), and artificial intelligence (AI). It is emphasized that it is necessary for students to learn about the 5G architecture, protocols, and applications, understand the fundamentals of IoT and CC infrastructure, as well as learn about the various AI techniques and their applications and limitations. We suggest that educators design hands-on Lab exercises and projects that include simulation, emulation, and analysis of 5G networks that allow students to gain hands-on experience in understanding the details of the system. In the development ICon platform, Matlab interactive environment is selected for modeling and simulation 5G-NR connectivity links and open source project open5GS core network with end-to-end perspective. The development requires interdisciplinary collaboration, and new ICon core curricula should reflect this by bridging gaps between traditionally separate fields of study.
Modeling and Analysis of an Aquifer System to Enhance Teaching in Control Systems
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of technical sciences Čačak, Serbia, Antić Sanja , Milovanović Alenka ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of technical sciences Čačak, Serbia
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to demonstrate how analysing a practical example, such as an aquifer system, can enhance understanding of the Control Systems course teaching materials. The aquifer system was chosen because it is a multivariable system with multiple inputs and outputs, and thus has numerous variables that can be monitored over time. This makes it suitable for both time and frequency domain analysis using various MATLAB tools. Since the system is nonlinear, it was necessary to linearize it. A Taylor series expansion approach was used for this purpose. The linearized model was represented in both state-space form and as a block diagram. The state-space model was suitable for testing the controllability and observability of the system, while the block diagram model was used to assess stability and analyse the system’s behaviour during transient and steady states.
Peran Guru dalam Penanganan Perilaku Anak Hiperaktif di TK Syamil Kids
Authors: Arita Eny , Surya Havid , Erwinda Lira
Published: October 2024

Hyperactive behavior in children often affects the social-emotional quality of the surrounding environment. For this reason, the importance of conducting research on the role of teachers in handling hyperactive behavior in children at Syamil Kids Kindergarten becomes even more urgent considering that teachers are the figures who interact most with children during the learning process. This research aims to explore the role and challenges faced by teachers in handling the behavior of hyperactive children. This research uses a qualitative approach method. Data collection techniques were carried out by means of interviews with school principals, teachers, parents and direct observation of children. Meanwhile, data analysis in this research was carried out using interview transcripts, observation, coding and thematics. The results of this research show that the role of teachers in handling hyperactive behavior in early childhood is carried out by paying attention to: 1) classroom management strategies 2) taking an individual approach 3) teachers play a role in helping hyperactive children interact with their friends. Meanwhile, the challenges faced by teachers in handling hyperactive children are: 1) classroom management has not been able to facilitate hyperactive children to focus on the tasks given to them 2) there is no accompanying teacher to accompany hyperactive children 3) there is no teacher training on how to handle hyperactive children's behavior in kindergarten. Syamil Kids 4) difficulty in accepting parents regarding weaknesses in children with hyperactive behavior.