bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crop rotations sustain cereal yields under a changing climate
Authors: Marini Lorenzo , St-Martin Audrey , Vico Giulia , Baldoni Guido , Berti Antonio , Blecharczyk Andrzej , Malecka-Jankowiak Irena , Morari Francesco , Sawinska Zuzanna , Bommarco Riccardo
Published: October 2020

Agriculture is facing the complex challenge of satisfying increasing food demands, despite the current and projected negative impacts of climate change on yields. Increasing crop diversity at a national scale has been suggested as an adaptive measure to better cope with negative climate impacts such as increasing temperatures and drought, but there is little evidence to support this hypothesis at the field scale. Using seven long-term experiments across a wide latitudinal gradient in Europe, we showed that growing multiple crop species in a rotation always provided higher yields for both winter and spring cereals (average +860 and +390 kg ha−1 per year, respectively) compared with a continuous monoculture. In particular, yield gains in diverse rotations were higher in years with high temperatures and scant precipitations, i.e. conditions expected to become more frequent in the future, rendering up to c. 1000 kg ha−1 per year compared to monocultures. Winter cereals yielded more in diverse rotations immediately after initiation of the experiment and kept this advantage constant over time. For spring cereals, the yield gain increased over time since diversification adoption, arriving to a yearly surplus of c. 500 kg ha−1 after 50–60 years with still no sign of plateauing. Diversified rotations emerge as a promising way to adapt temperate cropping systems and contribute to food security under a changing climate. However, novel policies need to be implemented and investments made to give means and opportunities for farmers to adopt diversified crop rotations.
Analytical solution of the SIR-model for the temporal evolution of epidemics. Part A: time-independent reproduction factor
Authors: Kröger M , Schlickeiser R
Published: October 2020

We revisit the susceptible-infectious-recovered/removed (SIR) model which is one of the simplest compartmental models. Many epidemological models are derivatives of this basic form. While an analytic solution to the SIR model is known in parametric form for the case of a time-independent infection rate, we derive an analytic solution for the more general case of a time-dependent infection rate, that is not limited to a certain range of parameter values. Our approach allows us to derive several exact analytic results characterizing all quantities, and moreover explicit, non-parametric, and accurate analytic approximants for the solution of the SIR model for time-independent infection rates. We relate all parameters of the SIR model to a measurable, usually reported quantity, namely the cumulated number of infected population and its first and second derivatives at an initial time t = 0, where data is assumed to be available. We address the question of how well the differential rate of infections is captured by the Gauss model (GM). To this end we calculate the peak height, width, and position of the bell-shaped rate analytically. We find that the SIR is captured by the GM within a range of times, which we discuss in detail. We prove that the SIR model exhibits an asymptotic behavior at large times that is different from the logistic model, while the difference between the two models still decreases with increasing reproduction factor. This part A of our work treats the original SIR model to hold at all times, while this assumption will be relaxed in part B. Relaxing this assumption allows us to formulate initial conditions incompatible with the original SIR model.
Three-dimensional Numerical Simulation of the Flow Field in the Potato Storage in Summer
Authors: Zhao Yuqiang , Zhang Wenjie , Ma Shengbing , Zhou Jianwei
Published: October 2020

In recent years, with the rapid growth of potato demand, potato storage has become extremely important. It is vital that controls the ambient temperature and wind speed during potato storage. Therefore, this work simulated the temperature field and air flow organization in a potato storage using the underfloor air supply. The established computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was used to study the temperature field and airflow organization in the warehouse under different air supply parameters, and compared the results to get their change rule. On this basis, the influence of the underfloor air supply on the flow field was studied to verify its feasibility. The results show that under reasonable conditions, the underfloor air supply can effectively guarantee the required temperature and airflow organization.
Thermal Models for Evaporative Cooling on Photovoltaic Panel Attached with a Wetted Salo Fabric
Authors: Gleebpratum B , Salakij S
Published: October 2020

Photovoltaic (PV) panel efficiency is dropped when an operating temperature has increased. An evaporative cooling by attaching a wetted Salo fabric at the back surface of the panel has been used to resolve this problem. This paper presents thermal models, which will be used as a design tool to improve the panel efficiency on the actual photovoltaic panel, to predict the back surface temperature of the photovoltaic panel. Two cases are investigated: (i) plain photovoltaic and (ii) photovoltaic with cooling device. An experiment is setup to validate the thermal models by using photovoltaic model, which made from an aluminium attached with a silicone heater, to represent for an actual photovoltaic panel. The experiment is tested in the controlled condition room. The results from the thermal models are nearly predict the back surface temperature compared with the experimental data. It shows that the temperature difference of back surface temperature between uncooling and cooling cases is 24.5°C.
School Building Occupancy and Energy Efficiency Modelling: Two Case Studies
Authors: Khamseh Negar Sheikh Mohammadi , Angelis Enrico De
Published: October 2020

Comparing the results of energy simulations with real energy consumption of the buildings, often shows discrepancies between the two. This research aims in, exploring the gap between simulated models and actual energy consumption of buildings, by analyzing the impacts of, number of occupants and their presence time in the building. Two Italian school buildings (Aldo Moro and Andersen schools in Seregno) are chosen as cases. The buildings’ simulations, once using standard profiles (ASHRAE), and once using the actual occupancy profiles (from real schedules) are compared with the real gas consumption of the buildings in three years (2014-2016). In Andersen school, the results show 47% of a discrepancy between the ASHRAE and actual occupancy simulations, with the average of the gas bills of 3 years. In Aldo Moro, there is a variation of 65% (ASHRAE) and 55% (actual occupancy) from the average value of the bills. It shows that by implementing the real occupancy of the building in Aldo Moro, the results got closer to the real energy bills. This could be due to the reason that Aldo Moro has a higher number of students and considering the more precise schedule of occupants, had a greater impact on annual energy consumption, as compared to the Andersen school, which is smaller and has a smaller number of students.
Amplification and cloning of arabidopsis 6xhis-tagged mpk6 fusion encoded gene to characterize biochemical mitogen-activated protein kinase in disease resistance role against Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Rahmah M H , Nishiuchi T
Published: October 2020

The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MPK) cascade plays an important role in the intracellular signaling transduction pathway leading to resistance against phytopathogens produced by Fusarium graminearum. In the cascade, there are three prominent kinase protein groups involved, an MPK kinase kinase (MPKKK), MPK kinase (MPKK), and an MPK. Recognitions of pathogen-derived molecules in plants trigger rapid activation of some MPKs including MPK6 which are found in a wide variety of plant species, including in Arabidopsis thaliana. The structure of MPK6 contains kinase domain and common docking (CD) domain. CD domain is phosphorylated by interact with MPKK. Moreover, the MPKK which binds to MPK6 and its phosphorylation mechanism are still unknown, so as initial study is needed to investigate biochemical characterization by prepare MPK6 protein. In this research, mpk 6 was amplified by using a pair primer and subsequently was ligated into pET160/GW/D-TOPO vector which contained with sequence encoded 6xHistidine tag protein for protein purification assay.
Profile of bioactive compounds, antioxidant and aromatic component from several clones of cocoa beans during fermentation
Authors: Septianti E , Salengke  , Langkong J
Published: October 2020

Commonly cocoa beans containing various chemical components, nutrients, and bioactive compound. The main bioactive compounds in cocoa beans consisting flavonoids and methylxantines has an positive influence on the health of the human body. Besides the fermented cocoa beans also produce a distinctive of cocoa aromatic. One of the main factors influencing the formation of aroma, chemical content and bioactive compounds of cocoa beans is the fermentation process. The purpose of research is to determine the effect of fermentation duration of cocoa clones with different varieties on the profile of bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and aromatic components (volatiles) that occur in cocoa beans during fermentation. The treatment was arranged in a Randomized Block Design of two factors, the first factor is cocoa clones (Sulawesi 2/S2 clones and local clones) and the second factor is fermentation time (0, 2, 4 and 6 days). The observed parameters were polyphenol content, antioxidant activity, flavonoid bioactive compounds (catechin and epicatechin) and methylxanthine (theobromin and caffeine), as well as aromatic components (volatile) of fermented cocoa beans. The results of the study was showed that cocoa beans from local clones providing polyphenols, antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds (catechin, epicatechin and theobromine) are higher than S2 clones. While the high caffeine content and distinctive aroma of the pyrazine compound were produced from S2 cocoa beans on 6 days fermentation. The average content of polyphenols, antioxidants and bioactive compounds in non-fermented cocoa beans is higher than fermented beans, but the resulting scent is not strong. The results of the research are expected to obtain information about the profile of bioactive compounds, antioxidants and aromatic components of cocoa beans especially derived from Pinrang district has the potential improving community health.
Brassica box food products as a healthy local food innovation in The Covid-19 pandemic period
Authors: Wijaya Hengki , Rouw Reinaldy Hank , Kadir A R
Published: October 2020

The Covid-19 pandemic is now becoming a fear of the people. Food products and unhealthy eating patterns bring problems for health. It brings two main issues, namely the impact produced by coronaviruses for health and the effect produced by-products and eating habits that are not good for health. Therefore, the authors innovate by developing Brassica Box food products, which are food products made from cauliflower that are healthy, delicious, attractive, and straightforward. At the very least, this food product can be an alternative healthy food product in the Covid-19 pandemic. This paper will discuss how Brassica Box can be an alternative to healthy food in the Covid-19 epidemic and can be an entrepreneurial opportunity. Through entrepreneurship courses, students learn the methodology of entrepreneurship along with Brassica Box product development itself through manufacturing procedures, costs, and design innovation of Brassica Box products. The method used is the organoleptic test and Focus group Discussion with data analysis of each indicator with a Likert Scale. By conducting experimental research in class, it is proven that Brassica Box is a food product that has a good texture, aroma, and taste, and is also healthy for consumption.
Isolation and identification lactic acid bacteria of honey-enriched functional beverage from cassava (manihot esculenta) tapai from Sinjai regency
Authors: Sari Nurlaila , Zainal  , Tahir Mulyati M.
Published: October 2020

Cassava (Manihot esculenta) tapai is a traditional food that is classified as a source of probiotics because it is known to contain lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Cassava tapai is processed by many people in Sinjai Regency to become a functional beverage and one of the ingredients added is honey which has a high sugar content as one of the sources of BAL nutrition. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify the types of LAB with probiotic potential in functional drinks of cassava (Manihot esculenta) during freezing temperature storage. Functional drinks of cassava (M. esculenta) tapai were treated with the addition of honey namely M1 = 0% (control), M2 = 2% honey, M3 = 4% honey, M4 = 6% honey, M5 = 8% honey. Microbial isolation and characterization, probiotic testing, and molecular testing were carried out to identify the probiotic bacterial species in functional drinks of cassava. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the two isolates were identified as BAL with probiotic potential from the functional drinks of cassava (M. esculenta) namely Pediococcus acidilactis and Weissella cibaria.
Survival of Lactobacillus plantarum dad 13 in probiotic cheese making
Authors: T R Meidistria , Sembiring L , Rahayu E S , Haedar N , Dwyana Z
Published: October 2020

Lactobacillus plantarum Dad 13 is a group of Lactic Acid Bacteria, which was isolated from “Dadih” (traditional fermented buffalo milk) has known as indigenous probiotic from Indonesia. Probiotics are defined as living microorganisms and have health benefits with consumption for use as a supplement of food with the amount of cell viability at least 108 cells. L. plantarum frequently used as a starter in probiotic drink, especially in fermented milk. Milk is a valuable source of nutritional substances with the composition of water, protein, fat, sugars, mineral salts, vitamins, and enzymes for the living of microorganisms. To study the potential of L. plantarum Dad 13 in milk, we present an updated inventory of L. plantarum Dad 13 used in milk to making cheese. These we are applied L. plantarum Dad 13 to produce lactic acid for making curds. Combination treatment of biomass production used for cheese making that was biomass production using coconut water and MRS medium. The different combinations of a medium can influence the biomass viability of L. plantarum Dad 13 in cheese. The result showed that the viability of L. plantarum Dad 13 in cheese using two kinds of media during the production of biomass (i.e., coconut water and MRS) were almost similar during two months of storage, that was 103 cfu/g. They decreased on viability after two-month storage was about 3 log cycles. The result showed that viable the cell of L. plantarum Dad 13 in this cheese did not agree with the criterion of a minimum of 106 – 108 cfu/g viable cells as a probiotic product. Overall, local isolates of L. plantarum Dad 13 can be applied in the process of cheese making.
Fibroblast cell description of provision of sugar and honey in incision wound of domestic cat (Felis domestica)
Authors: Ali F , Monica W S , Adikurniawan Y M , Sari D K , Amir M N
Published: October 2020

This study aimed to observed the fibroblast cell description in incision wound of the domestic cat after treated by sugar and honey. Fifteen domestic cats (Felis domestica) were used in the research. The cats were divided into five treatment groups as follow, the negative control group (KK1) was normal wound healing (without any treatment), the positive control group (KK2) used Bioplacenton® ointment, group 1 (KP1) used sugar, group 2 (KP2) used honey, and group 3 (KP3) used a combination of sugar and honey. All preparations were given topically for 14 days. The sample collection of the skin was performed on the 4th, 9th, and 14thdays. Histopathological preparation with hematoxylin-eosin staining was conducted on all skin samples. Treatment with a combination of sugar and honey showed a very high increase in fibroblast cells, and this also occurred in KP1, KK2 and KK1. Group treated with honey (KP2) showed low fibroblast cell level. This research revealed that the combination of sugar and honey showed a good influence on the process of fibroblast cell formation during the wound healing process.
The use of different concentrations of curcuma (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) on the chemical quality of Bedak Lotong kefir face mask with oven drying
Authors: Ramadani D , Maruddin F , Malaka R
Published: October 2020

Bedak Lotong kefir face mask is a combination of kefir and a traditional black face powder of the Buginese in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The Bedak Lotong face powder used natural ingredients that are rich in phenol compounds, i.e., black glutinous rice (Oryza Sativa L. glutinosa), Curcuma (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) and tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.). This study was aimed to analyze the effect of different concentrations of curcuma (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) on the chemical quality of Bedak Lotong kefir face mask. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Biotechnology of Dairy Processing, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. A completely randomized design was used, the curcuma concentrations were 0%, 15%, 30% and 45%, and with oven drying. Each concentration was done three times. The result showed that an increase in the concentration of curcuma on Bedak Lotong increased antioxidant activity and alcohol content and also reduced the level of fat oxidation or Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value of Bedak Lotong kefir face mask with oven drying.
The Effect of Kluwih (Artocarpus communis) Fruit Flesh Addition to the organoleptic properties of Mackerel Tuna Fish Abon
Authors: Abdullah N , Dirpan A , Pala’langan M R
Published: October 2020

One of the Indonesian natural resources that are not yet optimally utilized is Kluwih, a fruit similar too jackfruit that has high fiber content, which is 2.3% that makes it worth being tried as a substitute for meat/fish in Abon production. This study was a substitute fish ingredient in fish Abon making with Kluwih. There are three different concentrations of Kluwih addition tried. The Abon product then organoleptically tested (aroma, color, taste, and texture). This research resulted Abon products that were generally liked by panelists. The conclusion of this study was the results of organoleptic tests on Abon for the parameters of taste, aroma, and color in each treatment favored by the panelists while the most preferred texture was A3 treatment (25% tuna + 65% Kluwih + 10% seasoning). So, it can be concluded that treatment three can be used as the best treatment, in addition to the panelists’ preference also because the high concentration of Kluwih used so that when used as a recipe for Abon making, it can reduce production costs
The effect of liquefaction time and temperature on the quality and anthocyanin content of purple sweet potato maltohemidextrin
Authors: Laga A , Darmawan  , Bastian F , Muhpidah  , Djalal M
Published: October 2020

Purple sweet potato is one type of tuber from the Convolvulaceae family and is one of the food commodities with high productivity and not yet optimally utilized in processing. Purple sweet potato contains starch and crude fiber, which are carbohydrate components that made it potential to be used as the substrate in maltohemidextrin production. Maltohemidextrin production can be done by hydrolysis of carbohydrate and fiber substrates using acid catalysts or enzyme catalysts. In this study, the enzymatic method was used in which the three different temperatures and several different liquefaction time were applied. This study resulted that there was no relationship between both the temperature and liquefaction time to the antioxidant content and activity. However, it showed a relationship with the value of reducing sugar and dextrose equivalent. It concluded that the best liquefaction temperature was 70°C.
The reality of environmental cost concepts in corporate accountant interpretation
Authors: Supri Z , Antong  , Usman H , Dahri A , Pontoh Grace T
Published: October 2020

Accountants’ views and interpretations of the concept of environmental costs are the focus of the problem in this study. By using the interpretive paradigm with the hermeneutic approach, the writer tries to explore the purpose and direction of the accountants’ thinking about the concept of environmental costs. Research with an interpretive perspective with the hermeneutic method is carried out by collecting interview data, collecting company policy documents, and reporting financial reports and accountability for environmental expenditure. The study concluded that the accounting treatment of environmental costs within the company differed in reality. The ambiguity of the concept of environmental costs for accountants is also a significant concern. Understanding environmental costs as one of the pillars of corporate sustainability are not just because reporting obligations are things that need to be invested in accountants but all the company elements.
Review of the use of mangrove forests in supporting the socio-economic life of fishing communities
Authors: Untari  , Darma R , Betaubun P , Arief A A
Published: October 2020

Mangrove forests have an important function in human life that cannot be replaced by other functions. The existence of mangrove forests has six main functions, namely biological, ecological, physical, social, economic and chemical functions. This article discusses the description of mangrove forest management in meeting the needs of the economic and social functions of the fishing communities on the coast of Merauke Regency, Papua Province, which were reviewed descriptively using relevant literature studies. In terms of economic function, mangrove forests provide economic value for fishing communities because mangrove forests become habitat for crabs, fish and other marine biota that are captured and sold as the main source of family income. In addition, the use of mangrove forests by fishermen on the coast is used as firewood and building materials. The high utilization of mangrove forests by coastal communities that ignores ecological sustainability causes damage to mangrove forests that threatens the sustainability of ecological functions. Damage to mangrove forests in Merauke in the period 2000-2005 was recorded as wide as 2,416 ha while in the 2005-2010 period damage reached 2,233 ha of the total area of the Merauke mangrove forest which reached 216,001.95 Ha or 6.98% of the Merauke forest area. Based on this, the management of mangrove forest utilization needs to get more attention from various parties so that the ecological function of mangrove forests as a condition of sustainable development, especially for fishing communities on the coast, can be realized in Merauke Regency.
Economic and environmental impacts of sand mining activities at sadang river Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi
Authors: Rukmana Didi , Salman Darmawan , Alimuddin Ilham , Arsyad
Published: October 2020

Sand is a material needed for various purposes such as construction materials and backfill materials so that the need for sand continues to increase. The economic potential in the form of generating income for both workers and companies has triggered increased sand mining activities in the Sadang River in Pinrang Regency. The research took place between September and November 2019 which aimed to determine the economic potential and encironmental impact of the Sadang River sand mining in Pinrang Regency. The research area covers three districts included in the Sadang River sand mining area of Pinrang Regency namely Patampanua, Duampanua and Cempa Districts. A field survey was conducted to find out the amount of production volume, production costs, mining and transportation activities. The results showed that the Sadang River sand mining has considerable economic potential. In addition to direct economic benefits, it also provides indirect economic benefits for the community around the mining area. If the river sand mining has been deemed damaging to the environment and disrupting the function of the river, then the activities at Sadang River shows the opposite, namely that the Sadang River sand mining can help restore the hydrological function of the Sadang River to prevent siltation of the Sadang River due to sedimentation so as not to cause overflow and floods that can damage residents’ settlements and agricultural land in three districts.
Economic determination in increasing agricultural production in Lamongan district
Authors: Abbas W , Muhtarom A , Badriyah N , Kadir A R
Published: October 2020

Agriculture is an important factor in the basic economic sustainability of the population of Lamongan Regency. The large number of people whose livelihoods are farmers makes agriculture as the main commodity of the local community. It is undeniable that the agricultural sector in Lamongan Regency is an agricultural product contributing to the top ten of East Java’s GRDP. If agriculture occurs the problem will have an impact on the decline in agricultural production. The variables used in this study are labor, agricultural land, irrigation, subsidies as independent variables and the production of dependent variables. The methodology of this study uses a quantitative approach using multiple linear regression, partial tests, simultaneous tests and dominant tests. The data source in this study was conducted in the period between 2010-2018 with the approach of 3 multiple linear regression models, so that it can compare the models that look good and have an impact on agricultural production. The analytical tool used in this study was eviews 10. The results of this study partially occurred a positive relationship between labor, land, and irrigation to production, while partially a negative relationship occurred between subsidies to production. But simultaneously there is a simultaneous or joint relationship between labor, land, irrigation and subsidies affecting production. The dominant value of the four variables of labor, agricultural land, irrigation and subsidies is in the labor force.
Economy and environmental impacts of oil palm plantation expansion in Mamuju Tengah district, West Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
Authors: Bainta F , Kurniaty  , Mahyuddin
Published: October 2020

The expansion of oil palm plantations in Indonesia has led to massive land conversion. At present palm oil in West Sulawesi is the largest oil palm plantations in eastern Indonesia, the development of oil palm which is so rapidly affected by the level of income received by the community when farming oil palm compared to developing other types of plantations such as rubber, coconut, or other types of plantation crops. The growing development of oil palm plantations today is feared to affect biodiversity, which results in changes in the environmental ecosystem in West Sulawesi, especially in Central Mamuju District. Changes in the environmental ecosystem can cause conflicts between humans and animals as a result of the reduced natural habitat of animals, which is the impact of oil palm plantations. This article will explore the environmental and economic impacts arising from oil palm expansion in Central Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi Province. This research was conducted with a descriptive method to describe the impact of plantation expansion in the Central Mamuju Regency. The results of the study show that there was a change in the environmental ecosystem in the Middle Mamuju Kapubapaten, which resulted in conflicts between humans and animals. As for the economic impact, there was an increase in farmer’s income.
A brief study of economic value of sortimens candlenut wood (Aleurites moluccana sp.) in community forest, Maros, Indonesia
Authors: Dalya N , Mujetahid A
Published: October 2020

The difference in timber sorting is very influential on the level of farmer acceptance, especially in setting the basic price of sortimic wood which is not objective, causing the price of wood to be low so that the Income of farmers becomes low and results in investment that is less attractive for community forest development. This research is expected to be useful as a source of information for community forest managers in determining the form of sorting that can increase farmers’ yields or Income optimally. The sample of this study used the quota sampling method, namely farmers harvesting candlenut wood (Aleurites moluccana, sp.). Data collection was carried out through field observations and interview techniques regarding the costs of timber harvesting activities in community forests and the selling price of timber. While secondary data obtained from various sources such as research results, institutions, agencies related to this research. The analytical method used is to calculate the costs and revenues from timber harvesting for various sizes of wood sorting. Data analysis includes net Income and revenue. Based on the calculation results, it is obtained that the size of of candlenut wood is 400 x 10 x 20 cm can benefit farmers as much as IDR 651,875/m3. Community forest farmer’s should pay more attention to the selling price standards of candlenut wood so that the income increases even more. As for the other things that must be considered more in terms of plant maintenance so that wood quality is higher and maintained, and facilities and infrastructure related to harvesting activities can be maintained and updated so that harvesting activities can run smoothly.
Trends of shallot retail prices at traditional market in Makassar
Authors: Tenriawaru A N , Annisa A J , Heliawaty  , Salam M , Viantika N M
Published: October 2020

Price fluctuations of shallots always been a problem in the domestic shallot market. Therefore, it is necessary to set-up an in-season shallot production system and production system in the rainy season (off-season) so that the production of shallots can be continuous throughout the year. This aim of this research is to describe trends of shallots at retail price in three traditional markets at Makassar. The results showed that during the period studied from January 2016 to December 2018, the highest price of shallots commodity occurred in June 2016 and April 2018 at all three markets, while the lowest price occurred in October 2018 in all three markets. The fluctuations in the retail price of shallots are determined by several factors, i.e: extreme season changes, production costs, import supplies, shallots import prices, and fertilizer prices.
Social capital of forest management: A case study of village forest in North Luwu, South Sulawesi
Authors: Heryanto  , Dassir M , Mas’ud E I
Published: October 2020

The research explores the linkages between social capital and community forest management. We used participatory action research (PAR) method to observe the daily community life intensively every day for a month and semi-structured interviews to deepen our knowledge about their forest management activities related to their silvicultural prescriptions linkage with the social capital. We found that social capital, such as norms and trust inter-individual in community, trigger their preference to protect the forest. Meanwhile, a horizontal network applied within this community and bonding its social capital.
The new Toraja destination: adding value ‘Toraja coffee’ of the sustainable tourism development
Authors: Hasyim M , Arafah B , Kuswarini P
Published: October 2020

This research will discuss the new destination of Toraja coffee as a tourism development strategy. Questions that will be answered is what is the attraction of Toraja coffee tourism as a new tourist destination. Methods of research conducted are field observation and interviews with coffee stakeholders as an informant and foreign tourists as respondents. The results of this study concluded that the appeal of Toraja coffee as a tourism destination is Toraja coffee has characteristic (taste) differently based on the planting area Toraja coffee. There are 15 names of coffee products based on the region and the name of Toraja coffee products taken from the region. E.g. coffee Toraja Sapan, derived from the Sapan area, and coffee Sesean derived from the village of Sesean. Perception of foreign tourists to Toraja coffee is that the taste of Toraja coffee is different based on the height of the coffee planting area to be a tourism identity Toraja Agritourism.
Glocalization with paradigm shift from fordism to nichism and university social responsibility for sustainable agricultural development in globalizing economy
Authors: Kawamura Yoshio
Published: October 2020

The major concern is to clarify how to cope with the globalizing economy for agriculture, which is strongly characterized by peculiarity as nature. The peculiarity is directly determined by natural and social environments and associated with differentiated development mechanisms of agriculture, which is almost dichotomized between land-productivity oriented and labor-productivity oriented development path. Peculiar agriculture has to face market competition with price in a globalizing economy and requires strong direct linkages with market to survive in the competition. This means the necessity to differentiate markets between Fordism type and Nichsm type of market: the former is a general quantity-oriented market achieving a larger scale of consumption with lower price: and the latter is differentiated quality-oriented market achieving stable scale of consumption with higher price. That market differentiation is directly related to the differentiation of agricultural development paths. Those differentiated producer-consumer linkages indicate comprehensive rural-urban linkages. This is a process of rebuilding the rural-urban relationship in society. In order to achieve the goal, it is heavily dependent on local universities. They have to commit their social responsibility to identify the nature of local agricultural development and the relationship between agricultural production and food markets. Without a direct commitment from universities, the local agriculture and rural community will have no possibility of sustainable development under the circumstances of globalizing economy. This is why the current society is identified as a knowledge-intensive society, and the university is expected as the quaternary industry.
Acaulospora sp: Can it help the growth of Canavalia ensiformis in heavy metal contaminated environment?
Authors: Akib M A , Kuswinanti T , Antonius S , Mustari K , Syaiful S A , Nuddin Andi , Prayudyaningsih R
Published: October 2020

Environmental biophysical damage which conducted by miners who do not have or do not care about environmental impact analysis cause of increased heavy metal pollution. A study to see the ability of Acaulospora sp in helping the growth of Canavalia ensiformis in a land contaminated with heavy metals, arranged according to a randomized block design. The results showed that indigenous Acaulospora sp was able to help the growth of Canavalia ensiformis and tolerant of environment that was contaminated with heavy metals, so that it can be recommended as an environmentally friendly biological technology tool with a relatively low cost and safe in the process of rehabilitating an environment that is contaminated with heavy metals to improve environmental health. This research is possible to be developed by collaborating Acaulospora sp with genus indigenous mycorrhizae or other microorganisms to increase the productivity of phytorhizoremediation plants in binding heavy metals.
The potential of soil surface arthropods in spinach plantation
Authors: Aminah S N , Abdullah T , Gassa A , Fatahuddin  , Miranda R
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the research is to study the role of soil surface arthropods in spinach plantation. The experimental research was held in Moncobalang village, Gowa district, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The findings of the research were showed the highest order is: Coleoptera (Coccinellidae) (-0.35) similar to Diptera (Tachinidae), Hymenoptera (Vespidae) (-0.28). Arachnida as a potential predator such as Lycosidae and Pholcidae (-0.20) and (-0.15), respectively. The total number from collected arthropods in a yellow trap about 131 individuals. In the future, the result of research is very useful information for management potential soil surface arthropods in improving the quality of spinach harvest and monitoring the presence of insect pest based environmentally friendly methods.
The importance of Moringa oleifera leaf flour for pregnant women hemoglobin
Authors: Yusnidar  , Suriati I , Asmawati  , Abdullah N
Published: October 2020

Moringa leaf is a plant that has a high iron content needed by pregnant women to increase hemoglobin. This study aims to determine the effect of Moringa Oleifera leaf meal in pregnant women on hemoglobin. This research is quantitative research with pure experimental research. Pregnant women aged ≥28 weeks and divided into two groups, namely the intervention group who were given Moringa leaf flour capsules and the control group, were given iron. Data were analyzed using the Mann Whiney test, the Chi-Square test, and the T-independent test. There was a difference in hemoglobin before and after the intervention, both in the group given iron. the group was given Moringa leaf flour capsules with a P-value = 0.001 (<0.05). The iron group had an average difference of 0.76, and the Moringa group had a mean difference of 1.46. Moringa leaf flour capsules are more effective in increasing hemoglobin than in the iron group.
Small scale corporate model and rice farming efficiency
Authors: Bakri S , Zain M M , Baso A K T , Syafar A A R , Novita D , Arsyad M
Published: October 2020

The land is one of the production factors direct influence on farming efficiency, especially due to the devision and fragmentation of land plots. The multi-dimension of land issues could bring serious impact to agricultural development goals as well as the general goals of development, i.e., the goals of production, productivity, and food crop farming efficiency, especially in rice commodities. It could also threaten the food sovereignty program. The research aims to make farming modeling to increase efficiency and effectivity in land tenure for rice farming and employed descriptive analysis. The research result shows that the existence of rice farming was dominated by the family farming system, where since production to marketing was conducted by the farmer individually. Farmers were generally have joined in a long-established farming group. The farming group played a role as a non-formal organization in receiving subsidies from the government, either production equipment or agricultural machinery subsidies. Further, farming managed to incorporate reduced farming land devision and fragmentation as well as governed the varied land tenure systems. The management of agricultural land tenure systems through the Small Scale Corporate Farming (SSCF) model improved farming efficiency in terms of agricultural production equipment, machinery, and labor utilization. In addition, it also improved the effectiveness of the subsidy program and farming protection.
Social capital and maize farmers’ income
Authors: Arsal A , Karim I , Salman D , Fahmid I M , Mahyudin  , Amiruddin A
Published: October 2020

Social capital is an investment to get new resources in society. Weak social capital will dim the spirit of mutual cooperation, exacerbate poverty, increase unemployment, crime, and hinder any effort in improving the welfare of the population including farmers. Utilizing the potential of social capital had been able to contribute to improving income of farmers in the rural area. So that, it is important to analyze the significance of influence in social capital and farmers’ income of maize in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Data were collected by structured interview through probability proportional to 120 of maize farmers as samples which were analyzed by descriptive analysis. Final resulted showed that social capital through the dimensions of trust, social network and norms had a positive effect on farmers’ income, but the effect was not significant. The dimensions of social capital owned by new farmers formed a positive attitude that supported and had not directly influenced the increase of farmers’ income, especially the increase in production as the highest dimension of income generation.
Vegetables seller strategy in serving milennial consumers (Case study Pabaeng-Baeng market in Makassar City)
Authors: Busthanul Nurbaya , Bakri Rasyidah , Lumoindong Yopie , Sulili Anwar , Heliawaty  , Diansari Pipi , Ibrahim Tamzil , Putri Siti Aika
Published: October 2020

This study aims to know internal and external factors that affect millennial consumers and know strategies to improve the services of vegetable traders. This research was conducted at the Pabaeng-baeng Market in Makassar City. Methods of data collection by observation, interviews, and giving questionnaires. The stages of SWOT analysis are carried out in 4 (four) stages, namely data collection, SWOT determination, strategy formulation and decision making and business position determination. Based on the SWOT analysis conducted it can be concluded that the business position of vegetable traders in Pabaeng-baeng Market is in quadrant II. This states that this business has great strength but has great challenges. The right strategy is the ST strategy by providing lower prices than other sellers, guaranteeing that the vegetables sold are still new and fresh, and utilizing existing technology to market vegetables through social media.
Agribusiness and cultivation of coconut in the Netherlands at the end of colonial era
Authors: Lili Evita A , Mappangara Suriadi , Akhmar Andi Muhammad
Published: October 2020

This research explains the importance of smallholder coconut cultivation (small plantations) that produce copra as the main product in East Indonesia during the end of Dutch colonial era. For approximately eight decades, the economy of Eastern Indonesia depends a lot on copra (“green gold”). The inhabitants of Eastern Indonesia, particularly Sulawesi Island, the people’s coconut plants that produce copra had become important trade commodities, since the 1880s, when European nations used copra as an important basic material in making soap and butter and atomic bombs. In essence, the coconut plant is suitable for land elevations between 5-1000 meters above sea level, with an average air temperature of 27°C-28°C. Coconut plants need a minimum of 2000 hours of sunshine per year, with rainfall ranging from 1300-2300 mm per year. It is also suitable for soils that contain a lot of limestone and alluvium, which contains a lot of texture fertile soil.
Screening of Indonesian rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes against salinity stress using NaCl under hydroponic condition
Authors: Farid BDR M , Musa Y , Nasaruddin  , Ridwan I , Yassi A
Published: October 2020

The development of rice in saline soils was constrained by the limited number of genotypes suitable to be developed in the area and also the lack of germplasm as a gene donor for saline soil tolerant properties. The study aims to select rice genotypes that are tolerant of salinity stress at the level of germination and hydroponic production. The research on the level of germination carried out at the University of Hasanuddin Tissue Culture Laboratory and the level of production carried out at the Screen House in Tamalanrea District, Makassar. Trials were set using a split plot design with NaCl concentration set as the main plot and rice genotypes as the subplots. Four NaCl were used in the germination trial 0, 3, 6, and 9 g L−1, while NaCl concentration used in the production trial were 0 g L−1 and 6 g L−1. A total of 25 rice genotypes was tested. The results show that genotypes that were tolerant to salinity stress at the germination test with the concentration of 6 g L−1 NaCl were Inpari 43, Limboto, Inpago 10, IR 58443-6B-10-3, Inpari 35, Inpari 4, MSP 8 and Cigeulis. Whereas the rice genotype with the potential to be tolerant to salinity stress, indicated with production of > 15 g per plant at the 6 g L−1 NaCl concentration, were Inpari 35 (21.53 g per plant), Inpari 43 (20.24 g per plant), Pokali (19.39 g per plant), and IR 58443-6B-10-3 (18.87 g per plant).
Growth and production of purple waxy corn (Zea mays ceratina Kulesh) on the application of NPK fertilizers and humic acid
Authors: Mollah Abdul , Bahrun A H , Sarahdibha Megananda P , Nurfaida  , Dariati Tigin , Riadi Muhammad , Yanti Cri Wahyuni Brahmi
Published: October 2020

The research aims to study the effect of various doses of NPK fertilizer and humic acid on the growth and production of purple waxy corn. The study was conducted in Bilonga Village, Bontonompo District, Gowa Regency, from September to December 2018. The method used was a two-factor factorial experiment and a randomized block design as the environmental design. The first factor was NPK fertilization consisting of four levels, namely Control, 250, 300, and 350 kg ha−1. Meanwhile, the second factor was humic acid which consists of three levels, namely 0, 15, and 20 kg ha−1 resulted in total of 12 treatment combinations that are repeated three times. The results show that NPK fertilization of 350 kg ha−1 resulted in the highest production of the purple waxy corn of 2.95 ton ha−1. The application of humic acid had no significant effect on the growth and production of the purple waxy corn, but the humic acid affected the increase in soil pH and cation exchanges capacity.
The application of biopriming using trichoderma and Streptomyces spp. on the germination stage of soybean
Authors: Sahur Asmiaty , Dermawan Rahmansyah , Hendrik Sribulan
Published: October 2020

Biopriming is one way to overcome the stunted plant growth due to a decline in the quality of seed physiology by using a combination of biological agents. This study aims to improve the quality of seed germination and vigor with a combination of biological agents in the form of Trichoderma harzianum and Streptomyces spp. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Bio-Science and Plant Reproductive Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture Cultivation, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, which took place from January to April 2019. This study used a Split Plot Design, the main plot was the duration of biopriming consisting of four levels, 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours. Type of microbes as subplots consisting of three levels, namely water, Trichoderma harzianum and Streptomyces spp. The results show that the duration of biopriming 12 hours with Streptomyces spp. able to produce the highest average percentage of normal sprouts (96.48%). The duration of biopriming treatment for 12 hours with water produced the highest average percentage of abnormal sprouts (15.09%). Treatment duration of biopriming for 6 hours with Streptomyces spp. able to produce the highest average length of root sprouts (11.91 cm). Streptomyces spp. gave the highest yield at an average germination rate (90.42%).