bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Figure S1 from Genomic and Epigenomic Analysis of Plasma Cell-Free DNA Identifies Stemness Features Associated with Worse Survival in Lethal Prostate Cancer
Authors: Chauhan Pradeep S. , Alahi Irfan , Sinha Savar , Ledet Elisa M. , Mueller Ryan , Linford Jessica , Shiang Alexander L. , Webster Jace , Greiner Lilli , Yang Breanna , Ni Gabris , Dang Ha X. , Saha Debanjan , Babbra Ramandeep K. , Feng Wenjia , Harris Peter K. , Qaium Faridi , Duose Dzifa Y. , Alexander Sanchez E. , Sherry Alexander D. , Jaeger Ellen B. , Miller Patrick J. , Caputo Sydney A. , Orme Jacob J. , Lucien Fabrice , Park Sean S. , Tang Chad , Pachynski Russell K. , Sartor Oliver , Maher Christopher A. , Chaudhuri Aadel A.
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Figure S1. Genomic landscape of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) samples profiled using EnhanceAR-Seq. EnhanceAR-Seq, Enhancer and neighboring loci of Androgen Receptor Sequencing.
Supplementary Table S4 from An Artificial Intelligence–Driven Preoperative Radiomic Subtype for Predicting the Prognosis and Treatment Response of Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Li Qiang , Zhang Weituo , Liao Tian , Gao Yi , Zhang Yanzhi , Jin Anqi , Ma Ben , Qu Ning , Zhang Huan , Zheng Xiangqian , Li Dapeng , Yun Xinwei , Zhao Jingzhu , Yu Herbert , Gao Ming , Wang Yu , Qian Biyun
Published: January 2025

Comparison of immunohistochemical index for the external validation set 2 patients with different DLRI risk groups.
Supplementary Figure S1 from An Artificial Intelligence–Driven Preoperative Radiomic Subtype for Predicting the Prognosis and Treatment Response of Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Li Qiang , Zhang Weituo , Liao Tian , Gao Yi , Zhang Yanzhi , Jin Anqi , Ma Ben , Qu Ning , Zhang Huan , Zheng Xiangqian , Li Dapeng , Yun Xinwei , Zhao Jingzhu , Yu Herbert , Gao Ming , Wang Yu , Qian Biyun
Published: January 2025

The overall workflow of the Deep Learning Radiomics signature of the Inflammatory (DLRI).
Supplementary Table S5 from CD40 Agonist on Patient-Derived Xenograft Mice for the Treatment of B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Bellaye Pierre-Simon , Georgievski Aleksandra , Ballerini Paola , Bouslama Boutheina , Richard Corentin , Boidot Romain , Chevreux Guillaume , Legros Véronique , Guy Julien , Racine Jessica , Collin Bertrand , Garrido Carmen , Quéré Ronan
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Table S5. List of antibodies used for flow cytometry on B-ALL PDX cells.
Supplementary Table S3 from CD40 Agonist on Patient-Derived Xenograft Mice for the Treatment of B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Bellaye Pierre-Simon , Georgievski Aleksandra , Ballerini Paola , Bouslama Boutheina , Richard Corentin , Boidot Romain , Chevreux Guillaume , Legros Véronique , Guy Julien , Racine Jessica , Collin Bertrand , Garrido Carmen , Quéré Ronan
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Table S3. Representativeness of study participants.
Supplementary Table S2 from CD40 Agonist on Patient-Derived Xenograft Mice for the Treatment of B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Bellaye Pierre-Simon , Georgievski Aleksandra , Ballerini Paola , Bouslama Boutheina , Richard Corentin , Boidot Romain , Chevreux Guillaume , Legros Véronique , Guy Julien , Racine Jessica , Collin Bertrand , Garrido Carmen , Quéré Ronan
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Table S2. List of the 42 genes used for B-ALL genotyping by HTS-targeted capture analysis.
Supplementary Figure S7 from CD40 Agonist on Patient-Derived Xenograft Mice for the Treatment of B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Bellaye Pierre-Simon , Georgievski Aleksandra , Ballerini Paola , Bouslama Boutheina , Richard Corentin , Boidot Romain , Chevreux Guillaume , Legros Véronique , Guy Julien , Racine Jessica , Collin Bertrand , Garrido Carmen , Quéré Ronan
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Figure S7. Molecular markers expressed by B-ALL PDX models.
Supplementary Figure S2 from CD40 Agonist on Patient-Derived Xenograft Mice for the Treatment of B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Bellaye Pierre-Simon , Georgievski Aleksandra , Ballerini Paola , Bouslama Boutheina , Richard Corentin , Boidot Romain , Chevreux Guillaume , Legros Véronique , Guy Julien , Racine Jessica , Collin Bertrand , Garrido Carmen , Quéré Ronan
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Figure S2. Full-length western blots.
Supplementary Table S3 from Homoharringtonine Added to Venetoclax and Azacitidine Improves Outcome and Mitigates Genetic Impact in Relapsed/Refractory AML: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Yu Guopan , Zhang Yu , Yu Sijian , Yin Zhao , Weng Guangyang , Xu Na , Du Xin , Lin Dongjun , Xiao Jie , Sun Zhiqiang , Zhang Hongyu , Liang Xinquan , Guo Ziwen , Zhao Weihua , Dai Min , Fan Zhiping , Xuan Li , Liu Hui , Xu Dan , Ye Jieyu , Jiang Xuejie , Shi Pengcheng , Jin Hua , Liu Qifa
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Table S3. Treatment-emergent adverse events in the VA versus VAH group.
Supplementary Table S2 from Homoharringtonine Added to Venetoclax and Azacitidine Improves Outcome and Mitigates Genetic Impact in Relapsed/Refractory AML: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Yu Guopan , Zhang Yu , Yu Sijian , Yin Zhao , Weng Guangyang , Xu Na , Du Xin , Lin Dongjun , Xiao Jie , Sun Zhiqiang , Zhang Hongyu , Liang Xinquan , Guo Ziwen , Zhao Weihua , Dai Min , Fan Zhiping , Xuan Li , Liu Hui , Xu Dan , Ye Jieyu , Jiang Xuejie , Shi Pengcheng , Jin Hua , Liu Qifa
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Table S2. Univariable and Multivariable analyses for the survival of the whole corhot.
Supplementary Video S2 from Targeting c-MET for Endoscopic Detection of Dysplastic Lesions within Barrett’s Esophagus Using EMI-137 Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Huang Yi-Jhih , Rieder Jonas , Tan Kel Vin , Tenditnaya Anna , Vojnovic Borivoj , Gorpas Dimitris , Quante Michael , Vallis Katherine A.
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Video S2. Low lesion score mouse: low to non-fluorescence was detected in normal, flat cardia whereas significant fluorescence was observed in protruding lesion of gastric cardia. Left, white light imaging; middle, fluorescence imaging; right, overlay imaging.
Supplementary Figure S3 from Targeting c-MET for Endoscopic Detection of Dysplastic Lesions within Barrett’s Esophagus Using EMI-137 Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Huang Yi-Jhih , Rieder Jonas , Tan Kel Vin , Tenditnaya Anna , Vojnovic Borivoj , Gorpas Dimitris , Quante Michael , Vallis Katherine A.
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Figure S3. Representative time course fluorescence imaging of the dual xenograft mouse model after EMI-137 injection.
Figure 4 from Targeting c-MET for Endoscopic Detection of Dysplastic Lesions within Barrett’s Esophagus Using EMI-137 Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Huang Yi-Jhih , Rieder Jonas , Tan Kel Vin , Tenditnaya Anna , Vojnovic Borivoj , Gorpas Dimitris , Quante Michael , Vallis Katherine A.
Published: January 2025

Real-time FME imaging of L2-IL1β mouse after injection of EMI-137: A, Representative white-light, fluorescence, and overlay images of L2-IL1β mice with different lesion scores after EMI-137 injection. B, Normalized fluorescence signal intensities of the lesion and background in low- (n = 16 frames), intermediate- (n = 15 frames), and high-score (n = 8 frames) groups. C, Increased TBR in low-, intermediate- and high-score groups after EMI-137 injection compared with controls receiving PBS. ***, P < 0.001. AU, Arbitary unit; Sbkg, signal intensities of the background; Slesion, signal intensities of the lesion.
Data from FDA Approval Summary: Olutasidenib for Adult Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia with an Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 Mutation
Authors: Woods Ashley C. , Norsworthy Kelly J. , Choe Moran , Gehrke Brenda J. , Chen Haiyan , Vallejo Jonathon , Pan Lili , Jiang Xiling , Li Hongshan , Kraft Jeffrey , Liu Jiang , Charlab Rosane , Okusanya Olanrewaju O. , Booth Brian , Pazdur Richard , Theoret Marc R. , Angelo de Claro R.
Published: January 2025

Abstract
On December 1, 2022, the FDA approved the new molecular entity olutasidenib (Rezlidhia, Rigel Pharmaceuticals), a small-molecule inhibitor of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1, for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia with a susceptible isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutation as detected by an FDA-approved test. The efficacy of olutasidenib was established based on complete remission (CR) + CR with partial hematologic recovery (CRh) rate, duration of CR + CRh, and conversion of transfusion dependence to transfusion independence in Study 2102-HEM-101. In the pivotal trial, 147 adult patients treated with 150 mg twice daily of olutasidenib were evaluable for efficacy. With a median follow-up of 10.2 months, the CR/CRh rate was 35% (95% confidence interval, 27%–43%), with a median duration of response of 25.9 months [95% confidence interval, 13.5–not reached]. Of the 86 patients who were transfusion dependent at baseline, 29 became transfusion independent (34%). The most common (≥20%) adverse reactions were nausea, fatigue, arthralgia, leukocytosis, dyspnea, pyrexia, rash, mucositis, diarrhea, and transaminitis. An assessment of long-term safety of olutasidenib is a condition of this approval.
Data from Phase II Study of Palbociclib in Patients with Tumors with CDK4 or CDK6 Amplification: Results from the NCI-MATCH ECOG-ACRIN Trial (EAY131) Subprotocol Z1C
Authors: O’Hara Mark H. , Jegede Opeyemi , Dickson Mark A. , DeMichele Angela M. , Piekarz Richard , Gray Robert J. , Wang Victoria , McShane Lisa M. , Rubinstein Lawrence V. , Patton David R. , Williams P. Mickey , Hamilton Stanley R. , Onitilo Adedayo , Tricoli James V. , Conley Barbara A. , Arteaga Carlos L. , Harris Lyndsay N. , O’Dwyer Peter J. , Chen Alice P. , Flaherty Keith T.
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurpose:
Amplification of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and CDK6 is a feature of a variety of malignancies, and preclinical evidence suggests that inhibition of CDK4/6 is a plausible treatment strategy in these tumors. Subprotocol Z1C of the NCI-Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice trial was designed to evaluate the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib in CDK4- or CDK6-amplified tumors.
Patients and Methods:
Patients had a solid malignancy or lymphoma with progression on at least one systemic therapy for advanced disease or with no standard-of-care therapy available. Tumors with ≥7 copies of CDK4 or CDK6 were considered amplified and molecularly eligible. Enrolled patients were treated with palbociclib 125 mg daily on days 1 to 21 of a 28-day cycle. The primary endpoint was objective response rate.
Results:
Forty-three patients were enrolled on subprotocol Z1C, and 38 patients were deemed eligible, treated, and included in analyses; 25 patients were eligible, treated, and centrally confirmed to have CDK4 or CDK6 amplification and comprised the primary analysis cohort for objective response rate endpoint. Among the 25 patients in the primary cohort, one patient had a partial response, 4 patients had stable disease, and 16 patients had progressive disease as best response. Four patients were not evaluable due to lack of follow-up scans. Among the 38 evaluable patients, one patient had a partial response, 10 patients had stable disease, and 21 patients had progressive disease as best response. Partial response and stable disease were seen only in patients with CDK4 amplification. Median progression-free survival was 2.0 months, and median overall survival was 8.8 months.
Conclusions:
Palbociclib showed limited activity in histology-agnostic CDK4- or CDK6-amplified tumors, although central nervous system tumors may be worthy of future investigation.
Data from A Phase II Study of Acimtamig (AFM13) in Patients with CD30-Positive, Relapsed, or Refractory Peripheral T-cell Lymphomas
Authors: Kim Won Seog , Shortt Jake , Zinzani Pier Luigi , Mikhailova Natalia , Radeski Dejan , Ribrag Vincent , Domingo Domenech Eva , Sawas Ahmed , Alexis Karenza , Emig Michael , Elbadri Riham , Hajela Pallavi , Ravenstijn Paulien , Pinto Sheena , Garcia Linta , Overesch Andre , Pietzko Kerstin , Horwitz Steven
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurpose:
Patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) generally have poor prognoses and limited treatment options. This study evaluated the efficacy of a novel CD30/CD16A bispecific innate cell engager, acimtamig (AFM13), in patients with R/R PTCL.
Patients and Methods:
Patients included those with CD30 expression in ≥1% of tumor cells and who were R/R following ≥1 prior line of systemic therapy. Acimtamig (200 mg) was administered once weekly in 8-week cycles. The primary endpoint was the overall response rate by fluorodeoxyglucose-PET per independent review committee; secondary and exploratory endpoints included duration of response, safety, progression-free survival, and overall survival.
Results:
The overall response rate in 108 patients was 32.4% [95% confidence interval (CI), 23.7, 42.1] with a complete response rate of 10.2% (95% CI, 5.2, 17.5); the median duration of response was 2.3 months (95% CI, 1.9, 6.5). Patients with R/R angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma exhibited the greatest number of responses [53.3% (95% CI, 34.3, 71.7)]. Responses were independent of CD30 expression level, prior brentuximab vedotin treatment, or steroid premedication. Acimtamig exhibited a tolerable safety profile; the most common treatment-related adverse events were infusion-related reactions in 27 patients (25.0%) and neutropenia in 11 patients (10.2%). No cases of cytokine release syndrome or acimtamig-related deaths were reported. Despite exhibiting promising clinical activity and tolerable safety in a heavily pretreated PTCL population, the study did not meet the criteria for the primary endpoint.
Conclusions:
The promising clinical efficacy observed warrants further investigation, and development of acimtamig for patients with R/R CD30+ lymphomas continues in combination with allogeneic NK cells.
Figure S2 from Black Raspberry Modulates Cecal and Oral Microbiomes at the Early Stage of a Dibenzo[def,p]chrysene-Induced Murine Oral Cancer Model
Authors: Zhao Jingcheng , Sun Yuan-Wan , Chen Kun-Ming , Aliaga Cesar , Bisanz Jordan E. , El-Bayoumy Karam
Published: January 2025

Figure S2: The growth curves of two Akkermansia muciniphila strains exposed to BRB and DBP.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Automated Breast Density Assessment for Full-Field Digital Mammography and Digital Breast Tomosynthesis
Authors: Jiang Shu , Bennett Debbie L. , Chen Simin , Toriola Adetunji T. , Colditz Graham A.
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Figure S2 shows density estimation by radiologists vs deep learning model
Supplementary Figure S1 from Automated Breast Density Assessment for Full-Field Digital Mammography and Digital Breast Tomosynthesis
Authors: Jiang Shu , Bennett Debbie L. , Chen Simin , Toriola Adetunji T. , Colditz Graham A.
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Figure S1 shows distribution of density measures in external cohort
Supplementary Figure 3 from Efficacy of CBP/p300 Dual Inhibitors against Derepression of KREMEN2 in cBAF-Deficient Cancers
Authors: Sasaki Mariko , Kato Daiki , Yoshida Hiroshi , Shimizu Takafumi , Ogiwara Hideaki
Published: January 2025

SMARCA4/SMARCA2-deficiency and SS18-SSX-fusion lead to upregulation of KREMEN2 gene expression.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Efficacy of CBP/p300 Dual Inhibitors against Derepression of KREMEN2 in cBAF-Deficient Cancers
Authors: Sasaki Mariko , Kato Daiki , Yoshida Hiroshi , Shimizu Takafumi , Ogiwara Hideaki
Published: January 2025

Simultaneous inhibition of CBP/p300 causes synthetic lethality in SMARCA4/SMARCA2-deficient and SS18-SSX-fusion cells.
Figure 1 from Efficacy of CBP/p300 Dual Inhibitors against Derepression of KREMEN2 in cBAF-Deficient Cancers
Authors: Sasaki Mariko , Kato Daiki , Yoshida Hiroshi , Shimizu Takafumi , Ogiwara Hideaki
Published: January 2025

CBP and p300 dual inhibitors selectively sensitize cancer cells deficient in a subunit of the cBAF complex. A, Immunoblot analysis of SMARCA4, SMARCA2, SMARCB1, and β-actin expression in SWI/SNF-proficient, SMARCA4-deficient, and SMARCA4/SMARCA2-deficient cell lines. B, Immunoblot analysis of ARID1A, SMARCB1, and β-actin expression in SWI/SNF-proficient and ARID1A-deficient cell lines. C, Immunoblot analysis of PBRM1, SMARCB1, and β-actin expression in SWI/SNF-proficient and PBRM1-deficient cell lines. D, Immunoblot analysis of SMARCA4, SMARCA2, SMARCB1, and β-actin expression in SWI/SNF-proficient and SS18–SSX fusion cell lines. E and F, IC50 values for CBP/p300 inhibitor CP-C27 in SWI/SNF-proficient (H2228, H1048, H2009, 786-O, H358, and ES-2), SMARCA4-deficient (A549, H1650, H1299, and H1819), SMARCA4/SMARCA2-deficient (SBC-5, A427, SW-13, DMS114, and TOV112D), ARID1A-deficient (OVTOKO, OVISE, TOV-21G, and RMG-V), PBRM1-deficient (KMRC-1, Caki-2, RCC-FG2, and OS-RC-2), and SS18–SSX fusion (Aska-SS, HS-SY-II, Yamato-SS, and Fuji) cell lines (E) and cell line groups (F). Cells were treated with inhibitors for 6 days, and IC50 values were calculated based on cell viability. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM; n = 3 for the independent experiments in E. In F, the number of cell line groups was as follows: SWI/SNF-proficient (n = 6), SMARCA4-deficient (n = 4), SMARCA4/SMARCA2-deficient (n = 5), ARID1A-deficient (n = 4), PBRM1-deficient (n = 4), and SS18–SSX fusion (n = 4). G, Schematic diagram of the SWI/SNF subcomplexes showing sensitivity to CBP/p300 inhibitors. SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes can be classified broadly into three subcomplexes: cBAF, PBAF, and ncBAF. When focused on SMARCB1, SMARCA4, SMARCA2, SS18, ARID1A, and PBRM1, SMARCB1 is included in four subcomplexes of cBAF and two subcomplexes of PBAF; both SMARCA4 and SMARCA2 are included in all subcomplexes; SS18 is included in four subcomplexes of cBAF and two subcomplexes of ncBAF; and SMARCB1, SMARCA4, SMARCA2, and SS18 are common subunits of cBAF. Because SMARCB1-deficient, SMARCA4/SMARCA2-deficient, and SS18–SSX fusion cell lines are highly sensitive to CBP/p300 dual inhibitors, it is conceivable that cancers harboring abnormal constituent genes within the four subcomplexes of the cBAF complex may be sensitive to CBP/p300 dual inhibitors. For all experiments, P values were determined by an unpaired two-tailed Student t test. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.
CAR-T Cell Therapy for Solid Tumors
Authors: Tony Liz T. , Stabile Andrea , Schauer Marc P. , Hudecek Michael , Weber Justus
Published: January 2025

Background: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells have shown remarkable results for the treatment of selected hematological malignancies, but recapitulating these results in solid cancers has been a major challenge. In this review, we discuss lessons learned from recent clinical trials, mechanisms of tumor immune evasion in solid cancers and strategies to alleviate these effects through advanced engineering strategies to augment the efficacy of CAR-T cell products. Summary: Despite early signs of clinical efficacy, CAR-T cells have repeatedly failed to achieve curative responses in solid cancers. While a major bottleneck remains the availability of tumor-specific antigens, recent studies suggest that conventional CAR-T cell products are not sufficiently well equipped to deal with the challenges encountered in the context of solid cancers. Various approaches to augment the potency and clinical efficacy of CAR-T cells are currently being evaluated, but the majority is yet to reach clinical trials. Moving forward, promising approaches include the use of next-generation CAR-T cell products, targeting physical barriers or cellular components within the tumor microenvironment (TME), and leveraging advanced engineering strategies to shield immune cells from the TME. These techniques aim to address current challenges and significantly improve the effectiveness of CAR-T cell therapies in treating solid tumors. Key Messages: Extensive research efforts have been made to understand the underlying mechanisms impeding curative treatment outcomes for CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumors. Early clinical trials, predominantly using second-generation CAR-T cell products, have shown promising signs of early clinical efficacy in the absence of consistent curative effects. Based on these data, it has become apparent that strategies to augment the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy need to be implemented. Various approaches are currently being developed and are expected to enter clinical trials in the near future.
Trends in Obesity Prevalence Among Adults With Hypertension in the United States, 2001 to 2023
Authors: Tu Jiabin , Chen Hongkui , Zeng Qingfeng , Chen Liling , Guo Yansong , Chen Kaihong
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

Obesity is a factor contributing to the occurrence of hypertension and a risk factor for adverse outcomes in populations with hypertension. The changes in the prevalence of obesity in populations with hypertension remain unclear. Investigating the changes in the prevalence of obesity in populations with hypertension can provide information for the treatment and management of hypertension.

METHODS:

The clinical data from adults aged ≥20 years with hypertension were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001 to 2023. The primary outcome was the prevalence of obesity (body mass index≥30 kg/m
2
). The trend in the prevalence of obesity among American adults with hypertension was evaluated via a trend test.

RESULTS:

The age-standardized prevalence of obesity among populations with hypertension in America increased from 39.6% in 2001 to 55.4% in 2023 (
P
for trend<0.001). This trend was observed in men (35.4%–53.6%;
P
for trend<0.001) and women (45.6%–57.7%;
P
for trend<0.001) populations with hypertension. While the prevalence of grade II (35 kg/m
2
≤body mass index<40 kg/m
2
) and grade III obesity (body mass index≥40 kg/m
2
) increased significantly in both sexes, the prevalence of grade I obesity (30 kg/m
2
≤body mass index<35 kg/m
2
) increased significantly only in men (23.2%–30.0%;
P
for trend=0.003) and did not significantly change in women (22.2%–21.7%;
P
for trend=0.135).

CONCLUSIONS:

The prevalence of obesity among American adults with hypertension increased from 2001 to 2023. In men, the prevalence of grades I, II, and III obesity increased. Among women, the prevalence of only grades II and III obesity increased.
Reasons for and consequences of ethnic differences in parental support during the transition to apprenticeship training in Germany
Authors: Weißmann Markus
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we examined reasons for ethnic differences in parental support at the transition to apprenticeship training in Germany and their consequences for the likelihood of finding a training position and the likelihood of premature training termination. We extended previous research by focusing on three different types of parental support: help with writing applications, information about open training positions, and efforts towards getting their children a position. Using longitudinal data from Starting Cohort 4 (SC4) of the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), we show that part of ethnic differences in these types of support can be explained by measures of ethnicity-related background characteristics. Moreover, the relations of receiving-country-specific resources to parental support propensities seem to be domain specific. Furthermore, we find that only minority trainees benefit from writing support in terms of finding training and training success. In contrast, if parents made efforts to get their children a position, both minority and majority school-leavers are less likely to start training and, in the case of majority trainees, to finish training successfully. These are important findings as they give new insights into the reasons for ethnic disadvantages in parental support during the transition to apprenticeships and into the relation of different types of parental support to the training search success and premature termination risks.
Siblings’ class destinations: A study of the Norwegian upper class
Authors: Uvaag Stian A
Published: January 2025

Do individuals in the upper class have siblings with similar class positions to themselves? Using data based on the entire registered population in Norway, this article describes brothers' and sisters' class destinations with particular attention to the upper class and top wealth positions. The study first describes upper-class recruitment across families of different classes, finding similarities in siblings' social mobility. Concerning upper-class reproduction, first- and secondborn siblings from families with top wealth are particularly likely to both reach upper-class positions. Second, the paper describes how upper-class members tend to have siblings with similar class positions to themselves in terms of both vertical class and horizontal positions according to individuals' composition of cultural and economic capital. By adopting a class-theoretical framework for sibling outcomes, the work sheds light on the social connectedness between social class positions that emerge through intergenerational mobility. The wealthiest 0.2% are shown to have siblings who are disproportionally often not only situated in higher class positions, but also in the economic fraction of the upper and middle classes.
Refusal as a critique of the order of things: Bifurcations and utopian longings in contemporary rural France
Authors: Tournadre Jérôme
Published: January 2025

This text questions the ‘theoretical hegemony’ that seems to characterize the concept of resistance when it comes to assessing a challenge to the social organization or its guardians. Refusal, which is presented here as a form of constructive defiance, in fact proves to be just as relevant for this purpose, particularly when it comes to understanding collective actions that are non-confrontational but express a critique of the order of things. This is what the ethnography of utopian collectives established in the French countryside tends to show. The women and men who compose them, individually driven by the desire to ‘no longer play the game’, slip collectively, on certain occasions, into the interstices of the social order, acting together in order to refuse certain of its social, political and economic norms. Their ways of doing things and the social relationships they then form can prefigure certain features of a ‘different future’.
How reception centers affect the integration of asylum seekers and recognized refugees
Authors: Khalil Samir , Tjaden Jasper
Published: January 2025

After arrival, asylum seekers are often housed in reception centers. The type, quality and duration of stay in such centers varies considerably across or within countries. In the context of the so-called “EU refugee crisis” in 2014-2016, reports emerged that some asylum seekers and refugees remained in reception centers for several years due to limited capacity of municipalities, lengthy asylum procedures and tight housing markets. It is often argued that reception centers have a detrimental effect on integration processes of asylum seekers and refugees, yet empirical, inferential evidence is still lacking. This paper estimates the medium-run effect of duration of residence in reception centers on language skills, contacts to the host population, and employment status. We use high-quality panel data on asylum seekers and refugees living in Germany and apply inverse-probability-weighting (IPW). The results suggest that a comparatively quick transition from reception centers into private housing modestly increases interactions with the host population and their language proficiency. We find no effects on labor market participation. Furthermore, we find that moving into private housing is often associated with a shift to more precarious neighborhoods, potentially hindering a stronger realization of the benefits linked to independent living in general.
School Segregation and Native Flight: Evidence from School Catchment Area Borders
Authors: Rogne Adrian Farner , Borgen Solveig Topstad , Nordrum Erlend
Published: January 2025

Although extensively theorized, determining the mechanisms that produce ethnic or racial segregation in schools and neighborhoods has proven difficult. We investigate one potential mechanism behind ethnic segregation; native flight from schools. In contexts where school enrollment is determined primarily by geographic proximity to schools, Native or White parents with a preference for schools with low minority concentrations may choose to move away from schools with higher minority concentrations among students, contributing to both residential and school segregation. Using detailed, population-wide, geo-coded register data on families and school catchment areas for elementary schools in Oslo, Norway, we investigate whether native parents move away from schools with higher shares of students with non-Western immigrant backgrounds. We first show that native origin families systematically move away from schools with high shares of students with non-Western immigrant backgrounds. Employing a Geographic Regression Discontinuity design, exploiting the fact that catchment area borders sort neighboring children into different schools, our results indicate that such moves may be causally linked to local school characteristics, not just their neighborhoods. This may contribute to segregation in schools and neighborhoods. However, the results are ambiguous and sensitive to model specifications, and more research is needed to draw firm conclusions.
Winning is the only thing. Election outcomes, satisfaction with democracy and political trust among populist voters in Europe
Authors: Quaranta Mario , Martini Sergio
Published: January 2025

Recent comparative and single-case studies have investigated the link between the electoral performance of populist parties and the political attitudes and behaviors of populist voters. However, they have not addressed what happens to populist voters' satisfaction with democracy and political trust when populist parties gain representation in parliament or join cabinets across countries and over time in Europe. This study argues that there are two possible expectations. According to a ‘winner-loser’ mechanism, populist voters' political trust and satisfaction might increase, thus bridging the gap with mainstream voters. Conversely, according to a ‘spiral of distrust’ mechanism, populist parties fuel discontent and populist voters' political trust and satisfaction might decrease. Analyses of nine rounds of the European Social Survey from 22 countries and LISS panel data from the Netherlands find that voters of populist parties have less satisfaction with democracy, trust in parliament, and politicians than voters of mainstream parties. However, these differences narrow over time when populist parties gain seats in parliament and enter the cabinet. This article shows that voters for populist parties might be ‘losers in disguise’ and that the performance of the parties they support serves as a corrective mechanism for their political dissatisfaction and distrust.
Heart Health Detector GPT Based on GPT-4o Model
Authors: Bansal Neha , Singla Bhawna
Published: January 2025

The Heart Health Detector paper leverages advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning to provide an accessible and user-friendly tool for monitoring and managing heart health. This innovative technology has the potential to revolutionize preventive healthcare by empowering individuals to take control of their cardiovascular well-being. By making heart health monitoring more accessible and user-friendly, the Heart Health Detector could lead to earlier detection of cardiac issues and improved patient outcomes. Furthermore, this tool may help reduce the burden on healthcare systems by promoting proactive heart health management and potentially decreasing the incidence of severe cardiac events. Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of death globally, and their early detection and management can significantly reduce risks and improve outcomes. This study bridges the gap between complex medical data and user-friendly health monitoring through a web application that offers personalized health insights, proactive heart health management, and simplified user experiences. It ensures data privacy and security, and encourages preventive health measures. The application uses GPT-4 to analyze user-provided health data using data analysis on two data files: a) hospital file and b) heart file, delivering personalized recommendations. It empowers users to take proactive steps toward optimizing their cardiovascular well-being, democratizing access to heart health information, and contributing to the prevention and management of heart diseases on a broader scale. The development involved meticulous conceptualization, data acquisition, model training, and validation, resulting in a sophisticated yet user-friendly platform that integrates advanced AI algorithms to analyze health metrics and provide actionable insights and recommendations. While artificial intelligence and machine learning offer promising opportunities for developing user-friendly heart health monitoring tools, they also present significant challenges in terms of data privacy, security, and the effective integration of complex medical information into accessible applications. The Heart Health Detector aims to bridge this gap by providing personalized insights and recommendations, yet it must carefully balance sophisticated AI algorithms with user-friendliness to ensure widespread adoption and impact. Although such tools have the potential to democratize access to heart health information and promote preventive measures, their limitations and challenges must be carefully considered to maximize their effectiveness and reliability in real-world healthcare settings.
Association Between Alcohol Consumption and Hypertension Risk in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: Insights from a Population-Based Study
Authors: Imken Ikram , Fatmi Nadia
Published: January 2025

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a chronic condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated, leading to severe complications such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure. Managing hypertension is particularly challenging when comorbid conditions like type 2 diabetes are present. This paper investigates the combined impact of type 2 diabetes and alcohol consumption on hypertension progression using a deterministic mathematical model. We analyze the model’s dynamics, calculate the basic reproduction number (R0), and perform a sensitivity analysis to identify key parameters influencing the progression of hypertension. Stability analysis shows that the system is stable at both the drinking-free equilibrium and the equilibrium with alcohol consumption. Our findings indicate that reducing alcohol intake significantly lowers the risk of hypertension in diabetic patients. The paper also explores strategies to manage hypertension and diabetes through family support, patient education, and lifestyle modifications such as diet and physical activity. Additionally, Pontryagin’s maximum principle is used to optimize these intervention strategies. The results, solved numerically using Matlab, validate the effectiveness of these optimized approaches in controlling hypertension and improving the overall health of patients. Future research may explore the impact of psychological stress on disease progression and incorporate stochastic elements into the model to better reflect real-world variability.
Crop Physiology and Food Quality as Influenced by the Changing Climate: A Review Article
Authors: Adem Jemal
Published: January 2025

Before some decades, the gaseous composition of earth’s atmosphere is undergoing a significant change, largely through increased greenhouse gases emissions from energy, industry and agricultural sectors; widespread deforestation as well as fast changes in land use and land management practices. These anthropogenic activities are resulting in an increased emission of radioactively active gases, viz. carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), popularly known as the ‘greenhouse gases’ (GHGs). These greenhouse gases trap the outgoing infrared radiations from the earth’s surface and thus raise the temperature of the atmosphere. The global mean annual temperature at the end of the 20th century, as a result of GHG accumulation in the atmosphere, has increased by 0.4-0.7°C above that recorded at the end of the 19th century. The past 50 years have shown an increasing trend in temperature at 0.13°C / decade, while the rise in temperature during the past one and half decades has been much higher. The changing climate also has an impact on crop physiology, including photosynthesis, nutrient absorption, partition to grain yield and accumulation of biomass of the plants. Food quality also affected due to elevated CO2 and temperature. Therefore, economically viable and culturally acceptable adaptation strategies have to be developed and implemented. Farmers apply drought tolerant varieties, sowing time, nutrient use efficiency and other methods to alleviate the climate change challenges. Furthermore, the transfer of knowledge as well as access to social, economic, institutional, and technical resources need to be provided and integrated within the existing resources of farmers.
A Review on the Effects of Broodiness Characteristics on Egg Productivity, Hatchability, and Chick Quality of Indigenous Chicken in Ethiopia
Authors: Alemu Seyoum , Terfa Sileshi
Published: January 2025

Broodiness is an action or behavioral tendency to sit on a clutch of eggs to incubate and hatch them, with non-expression of other behaviors such as feeding and drinking and, it is due to the secretion of the hormone prolactin by the anterior lobe of the hypothesis. It is breed-dependent, some breeds have the highest long last incidence, some may have less and the others may not. Breeds such as Cochin, Cornish, Sickie, Quail, Pheasants, Turkeys, and Geese have a high tendency to broodiness but in some breeds such as the White Leghorn, broodiness is extremely rare. The Ethiopian indigenous chickens are none descriptive breeds closely related to the Jungle fowl and vary in color, comb type, body conformation, and weight and different broodiness behavior. The poultry breeding programs that is used to improve the productivity of indigenous chickens should target economical traits and consider the current and future production circumstances. Even though the broodiness characteristics of indigenous chicken is considered as antagonistic to egg production, it plays a pivotal role in rural and smallholder poultry production for subsistence poultry keeping and product utilization due to effective and successful maternity characteristics of hen for sustained and growth of chicks.
An Analysis of Influencing Factors for Vapour Transfer in Freezing Soils in High-filling Engineering
Authors: Huang Zhanjun , Sun Xiangdong , He Zuoyue , Xu Dongjin , Zhang Hanhao
Published: January 2025

Canopy effect has been paid more and more attention in high-filling engineering in cold and arid regions of China. Vapour transfer is considered as the main cause of canopy effect in freezing soil in the literature. However, the influencing factors of vapour transfer in freezing soils have not been systematically analyzed in the literature. Based on the coupled heat and mass transfer model proposed by the authors, the effects of hydraulic parameters and environmental factors on vapour transfer in freezing soils will be analyzed in this paper. The results show that the effects of the hydraulic parameters, such as the fitting parameters of the soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) and the saturated hydraulic conductivity, on the vapour transfer and the total water content are significant, even if the values of these parameters vary within a quite small range. The temperature gradient, the cooling rate, the water flux at the top and the sealing conditions at the bottom can also lead to an increment of the total volumetric water content. Therefore, these hydraulic parameters and environmental factors can all promote vapour transfer under suitable conditions. The effects of the terms related to vapour transfer in the governing equations on the total water volumetric content are also analyzed. In total, the water increment caused by vapour transfer is large, which can then cause frost damage in silt. The research results in this paper are helpful to understand the influence of factors for canopy effect and also have a great significance for guiding the design and maintenance of high-filling engineering.
Mapping the Field of Quantum Dots Literature: Bibliographic Coupling and Cited Reference
Authors: Rajendran Sargunapathi , Ramalingam Jeyshankar , Shanmugam Thanuskodi
Published: January 2025

The science of quantum dots has evolved rapidly in recent years. A quantitative and comprehensive examination of the research domain is required to identify research trends and directions in the field. This work, a systematic review of 4176 scientific articles published in the Web of Science database between 2014 and 2023, results from collaborative efforts. The results, based on two citation analysis methods- bibliographic coupling and cited reference method- identify some of the most active and influential documents, authors, countries, cited references, and keywords in the field. The study reveals rankings, collaboration networks, and clusters of contributions to the literature. The study found that the most bibliographic coupling documents were Lim, 2015, and the countries with the most publications and collaborations have been China and the USA. Specifically, the fourth cluster of authors is linked with each cluster, and the most frequently cited reference is Murray CB, 1993, Journal of the American Chemical Society VII5, P8706. Quantum dots stand out prominently, ranking second in occurrences with 1864 mentions and relative influence. This research is a testament to the collaborative nature of scientific inquiry in understanding the current state and future directions of quantum dots research.
Investigation of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale G.) Plant as an Alternative Source for a Natural Rubber Production
Authors: Tuna Gülsemin , Demirbilek Damla , Zeybek Salim
Published: January 2025

Rubber that is one of the most important polymers naturally produced by plants is a strategic raw material. Since rubber is used in a wide variety of areas and natural rubber resources are heavily destroyed, synthetic rubbers are produced, especially using petroleum-based polymers. In this study, it was aimed to find a natural alternative to the rubber trees that are endangered and to the synthetic rubbers that are difficult to recycle and expensive. The T. officinale samples used as material in the study were collected from natural areas. The roots of the collected plants were broken into small pieces, they were kept in different solvents for 24 hours. After they filtered and formic acid was added, the prepared samples were kept for 24 hours. The part sinking to the bottom was taken and dried in a fume hood. The test paste was prepared by using 100 g of the produced rubber, 1% sulfur and 2% extender material. After the paste had reached the desired consistence, it was taken into hot press machine and the vulcanization process was completed (at 140 °C, for 7 minutes). Rheometer was used for vulcanization curve testing. The graph obtained in the rheometer was compared with the rubber graph prepared to obtain a product by adding various substances. As a result of the study, it was determined that by adding some substances to the structure of the produced rubber during the vulcanization according to the desired purpose, it can be used in various fields, and thus, T. offcinale can be an alternative natural rubber source.
Unification of Maxwell Systems, Einstein, and Dirac Equations in Pseudo-Riemannian Space R1,3 by Clifford Algebra
Authors: Babaev Alimzhan
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the unification of Einstein's equations, Maxwell’s equation systems, and Dirac's equation for three generations of particles in the R1,3 pseudo-Riemannian space with torsion. The use of Dirac matrices as an orthonormal basis (in general, as a canonical basis) on the tangent plane permits the replacement of vectors with second-rank tensors. The symmetric component of the differential form DA (D•A, where D is the Dirac operator, A is the tensor field, and • is the inner product) represents the deformation of the field, while the antisymmetric one (DɅA, Ʌ is the outer product) denotes the torsion. The differentiation of DA (i.e., DDA) yields an equation from which both Einstein's equation and the two independent Maxwell systems can be derived. The differentiation of the field deformation D(D•A), that is, the gradient of the field divergence, yields a four-dimensional current. This four-current formulation results in nonlinearity in the inhomogeneous Maxwell's equations. In particular, the four-current J is not a constant in the inhomogeneous system of Maxwell's equations, D•F = J. In accordance with this definition, a field singularity is defined as a source of current, or alternatively described as a "hole," which is a necessary component for the existence of the field. The description of field inhomogeneity (DA) in the form of biquaternions through complex hyperbolic functions in R1,3 permits the decomposition of DA into three pairs of spinors–antispinors (spinor bundle). The differentiation of spinors and the subsequent determination of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions yield three pairs of Dirac-type equations that are applicable to both bosons and fermions, which describe the fundamental particles of the three generations. The solution of Dirac-type equations in pseudo-Euclidean space for massless particles (eigenvalues m = 0) unifies the photon and three generations of neutrinos (γ, νe, νμ, ντ) into a single entity, namely, a singlet (photon) + a triplet (three generations of neutrinos).
Giant Frontal Brain Abscess Due to Streptococcus Viridans in an 8-Year-Old Patient: Case Report
Authors: Parra Juan , Sánchez José
Published: January 2025

A brain abscess is defined as an encapsulated lesion of the central nervous system. It is an infrequent occurrence, particularly in the pediatric population with no relevant history. There are multiple routes of infection, but in pediatrics, inoculation by contiguity or hematogenous infection under specific conditions predominates. We present the clinical case of an 8-year-old male patient with no relevant personal or family history. The patient presented with a nonspecific clinical picture of intermittent headaches that had been evolving for 2 months. There were no ostensible neurological alterations. A normal physical examination was conducted on admission. However, a giant brain abscess in the frontal lobe was identified by brain computed tomography. The only potential cause that could be identified was an odontogenic origin. The patient was approached by the neurosurgery team, who proceeded to empty the abscess capsule. A brain secretion culture was also conducted, which yielded isolation of Streptococcus viridans. It is established that this etiological agent is of very low virulence and rarely produces symptoms in immunocompetent patients, representing a low disease burden. However, in the event of infection, it can have severe repercussions. It is noteworthy that the patient did not present positive acute phase reactants, no positive blood tests, and no other relevant findings were evidenced despite the large mass effect and edema evidenced in the neuroimages taken.