bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Responsible for the Performance of Final-Year Dental Surgery Students in Their Professional Examinations in Nigeria
Authors: Imediegwu Kelechi U , Chukwu Chidera P. , Nweze Ifeanyi E. , Abor Jude C. , Asuquo Bassey , Ebisike Valentina I. , Ugwu Ogechukwu T. , Hillary Ugwu I.
Published: September 2023

Background:

Little is known about the factors responsible for the academic performance of clinical dentistry/dental surgery students, particularly those in their finals in Nigerian universities.

Objectives:

The objectives of the study were to identify the subjective factors that may affect the performance of dental surgery finalists at the undergraduate level in Nigerian dental schools and to proffer realistic suggestions to improve dental surgery education.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional survey of final-year dental surgery students in Nigeria was conducted using a well-structured validated online questionnaire distributed randomly through online platforms. Descriptive and inferential data analysis was done with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Chi-squares and Fischer’s exact values were calculated. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Consent was obtained from all participants.

Results:

Sixty-nine final-year dental surgery students completed and submitted the questionnaire. The hours spent on clinical hands-on-dental practice, dental surgery lectures/clinics attendance, and impact of particular course lecturers were the top three most agreed factors influencing the performance of dental surgery students in their examinations. A significant relationship (P = 0.027 [<0.05]; X2 = 4.873) exists between gender and the perception in that the greater cumulative number of study hours was alluded to significantly influencing performance in examinations. More females unlike males indicated that the total number of hours studied does not affect performance. A statistically significant association (P = 0.004 [<0.05]; X2 = 13.274) was also found between age grades and the influence of repeating an examination on performance. A majority of the respondents across all age grades indicated that repeating students do not always perform better or even pass the examinations. A majority of the respondents across all age grades indicated that those that have completed a degree before medical school do not always perform better in examinations. This finding also had a statistically significant association (P = 0.048 [<0.05]; X2 = 7.886).

Conclusions:

There is a need to coordinate efforts in the management of dental institutions to ensure that adequate attention is given to the dental surgery students at every stage of their training. Creation of dental surgery mentorship programmes may also help in the overall quality of the programme.
Innovative Customized Pressure Appliance as an Adjuvant in Presurgical Management of Bilateral Multiple Keloid
Authors: Rathee Manu , Singh Sandeep , Jain Prachi , Chahal Sujata , Divakar Santhanam , Singh Tomar Sarthak
Published: September 2023

Keloid is a benign, long-lasting fibroproliferative mass of dermal connective tissue that forms at the site of cutaneous injury as a result of an unregulated repair and healing process at specific anatomical locations, with a preference for the highly pigmented ethnic group. The use of clips or splints to apply pressure to the affected area is common treatment of keloids; nevertheless, controlling the volume and direction of the keloids might be challenging. The appliance’s unique design allows for more precise control over the amount and direction of pressure applied to the scar tissue.
The Adequacy of Hospital Response to COVID-19 Pandemic amongst Surgical Institutions in South-Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Imediegwu Kelechi Uzodinma , Onyebuchukwu Chiamaka Q. , Abor Jude C. , Bobby Edeani D. , Okoye Ngozi JF , Magbo Chidera V. , Onyenagubo Emmnauel Izuchukwu , Omene Winifred U.
Published: September 2023

Background:

The novel corona virus (COVID-19) was first diagnosed in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The healthcare specifically, departments of surgery in Southeastern Nigeria, are making modifications to cope and plan for the pandemic.

Objectives:

To evaluate how well surgical institutions in Southeastern Nigeria are prepared for the anticipated influx of Covid-19 patients, existing patients and to determine the adequacy of hospital provision of essential supplies and awareness creation.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional online study of two hundred and one (201) surgery resident doctors in surgical institutions in South-eastern Nigeria was conducted. Questionnaires were designed and distributed using online platforms. The data obtained was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Significance was set at P < 0.05. Consent was obtained from all respondents.

Results:

A total of 201 surgery resident doctors filled and submitted their questionnaires, response rate of 71.5%, out of which 50.1% agreed that hospital response to Covid-19 pandemic was inadequate, 78.3% agreed that the Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs) provided by hospitals were inadequate while about 53.8% agreed that the hospital workforce was poor and inadequate and incapable of adapting to the unstable workforce during the pandemic. About 46.2% agreed that the hospitals were conducting an adequate creation of awareness with regards to the pandemic while 25% agreed that the hospital compliance with the CDC (Center for disease control) preventive protocols/guidelines in surgical institutions were adequate. There was a statistically significant association (
P = 0.019 (< 0.05); X2 = 5.517
) between hospital type and provision of adequate Personal protective equipment for surgical procedures. Only 19% of the government hospital employees felt that adequate amount of PPEs were provided compared to 41% of private hospital employees.

Conclusion:

The results from this study show that the hospital response to Covid-19 pandemic and awareness creation amongst surgical institutions in Southeastern Nigeria are inadequate.

Recommendations:

The government should equip the health sector by providing the necessary amenities to adequately combat the challenges of surgical practice in the Covid-19 pandemic.
Chlamydia Trachomatis Seropositivity and Associated Risk Factors Among Women Attending A Northern Nigerian Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Aliyu Rabi′at Muhammad , Adesiyun Adebiyi Gbadebo , Bawa Umma Suleiman , Olorukooba Abdulhakim Abayomi , Aliyu Shamsudin
Published: September 2023

Background:

Genital Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) is the commonest bacterial sexually transmitted infection globally. Acquisition of Ct infection is affected by biological and behavioural factors.

Aim:

Determine the prevalence of Ct infection and identify risk factors associated with Ct infection in sexually active fertile women in Northern Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred and fifty sexually active women presenting to the Obstetrics and Gynaecology department of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria were studied. Socio-demographic characteristics and history of risk factors for acquisition of genital Ct were obtained from the participants using a questionnaire. Their sera were tested for the presence of Ct immunoglobulin G using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay.

Results:

The mean ages ± standard deviation of seropositive and seronegative women were 29.1 ± 7.3 years and 28.9 (SD 6.7) years respectively (P = 0.438). The prevalence of Ct infection was 6.7% (10/150). Occupation was associated with Ct seropositivity (P = 0.02). Number of sexual partners, age at coitarche; duration of sexual exposure and previous history suggestive of sexually transmitted infection were not associated with Ct seropositivity (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

A low prevalence of Ct was found among fertile women. Lack of regular source of personal income was associated with Ct infection but the sexual behavioural factors studied were not.
Endoscopic Septoplasty
Authors: Ngamdu Yusuf Bukar , Kirfi Abdullahi Musa , Adamu Auwalu , Abubakar Adamu , Edem Kingsley Paul , Ahmad Babagana Muhammad
Published: September 2023

Background:

Endoscopic septoplasty is a minimally invasive surgical procedure for the correction of nasal septal deformity. Globally, nasal septal surgeries are rarely performed, and in our country these procedures are even more scarcely undertaken, partly due to dearth of facilities and to some extent, the expertise of embarking on this specialised surgical procedure. Therefore, we aimed to document the indications and the outcome of endoscopic septoplasty in our environment.

Materials and Methods:

This was a retrospective study of all consecutive patients that had endoscopic septoplasty at a state tertiary hospital over three years period. Ethical approval was obtained before commencement of the study. Patients’ medical records were retrieved. Biodata, clinical presentation, operative procedure and outcome were extracted and analyzed descriptively.

Results:

Fourteen patients had endoscopic septoplasty over the period under review, constituting 11 (78.6%) males and 3 (21.4%) females. Predominant clinical features were nasal obstruction (100%) and nasal septal deviation (100%). The main indication for procedure was deviated nasal septum. The outcome of the surgery was good, 2(14.3%) of the patients had nasal adhesions but no major complication was recorded. The length of hospital stay ranged between 3 and 5 days with a mean of 3.7 ± 0.9 days, and all the patients were discharged successfully.

Conclusions:

Endoscopic septoplasty is a safe surgery. The main indication for the procedure was deviated nasal septum, and the procedure has a favourable outcome among the operated patients.
Evaluation of the Effect of Surgical Repair on Lip–Nose Morphometric Parameters of Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip Using Two-Dimensional Photogrammetry
Authors: Abdullahi Mohammed Adam Sheikh , James Olutayo , Olasoji Hector Oladapo , Adeyemo Wasiu Lanre
Published: September 2023

Background:

This prospective, comparative study was carried out to evaluate the effect of cleft lip repair on lip–nose morphometric characteristics of subjects with complete unilateral cleft lip/palate at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Borno State, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

The study population consisted of a total of 29 subjects. Lip repair was done using Millard’s rotation advancement technique by a single consultant. Standardised photographs were taken; preoperatively and during different postoperative periods; immediately, 1 week, 3, and 6 months. Indirect measurements of eight linear distances were carried out using Rulerswift software application. For all statistical analyses of mean difference, a P-value of less than 0.05 was accepted as being statistically significant.

Results:

A total of 52% were women, whereas 44% were men. There are considerable disparities between the cleft and non-cleft sides of complete unilateral cleft patients before surgery; statistically significant differences of 1.4 mm, 6.3 mm, and –17.6 mm in vertical lip height, philtral height, and nasal width respectively. Six months after repair, statistically significant differences in lip height between the cleft and the non-cleft side were observed in vertical lip height, nasal width, and philtral height (mean difference of –1.28 ± 0.78, 2.02 ± 2.86, 1.22 ± 1.83 mm; P < 0.001, P = 0.016, P = 0.022, respectively). Horizontal lip height was maintained with no statistically significant difference (mean difference of –0.12 ± 2.19 mm).

Conclusion:

Following cleft repair, using Millard’s rotation advancement technique, differences in lip–nose morphometric parameters were found to be reduced, however, not always eliminated by treatment.
Difference in Muscle Strength and Functional Outcome in Direct Lateral Approach versus Posterior Approach in Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Ansari Sajid , Singh Sanny Kumar , Regmi Anil , Goyal Tarun , Kalia Roop Bhushan , Yadav Raj Kumar , Suresh Gowda Aditya Koduvally
Published: September 2023

Background and Purpose:

The choice between posterior approach (PA) and direct lateral approach (DLA) for total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains a contentious issue regarding clinical outcome optimization and restoring patient function. Previous studies have evaluated the postsurgical outcomes mostly in the form of Harris hip score (HHS), and the data to objectively measure the postoperative muscle power is scarce. We intend to objectively compare the hip abduction and extension strengths and other functional outcomes with a very simple tool in PA and DLA in the Indian population as most patients do not undergo as intensive rehabilitation in the postoperative period as in the western world.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 158 patients underwent THA during the study period, of which 48 met inclusion criteria and only 42 completed 6 months follow-up. Patients were evaluated preoperatively, postoperatively at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months follow-up. At each visit, muscle strength was tested using a customized sling device mounted on a pulling apparatus fitted on the wall, as well as a pain score (VAS), Harris hip score (HHS), and Short Form Survey (SF-36).

Results:

The study showed statistically significant better hip muscle strength at 2 weeks postoperative for leg press test and 2 weeks as well as 6 weeks postoperative for hip abduction strength in the PA. However, no differences were noted during the 3 or 6 months follow-up period among the DLA and PA. The surgical approach used has no effect on VAS, HHS, or SF-36 scorings.

Conclusion:

The weak abductor mechanism at 2 and 6 weeks and extension mechanism at 2 weeks in a cohort of DLA in contrast to the PA are seen in the early postoperative period and hence are short-lived muscle weakness. However, there is no effect on VAS, HSS, and SF-36 scores. Therefore, the surgical approach is to be chosen according to the surgeon’s expertise.
Comparison of Ocular Biomery in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma and Non-Glaucoma in South West Nigeria
Authors: Oluwaniyi Ajibola Toyin , Olawoye Olusola , Sarimiye Tarela Frederick , Ajayi B. G. K.
Published: September 2023

Background:

Glaucoma is a public health problem in Nigeria. The number of individuals affected by glaucoma in Nigeria is much higher than the individuals known to have the disease. Ocular parameters such as intraocular pressure, central cornea thickness, axial length and refractive error have all been documented as risk factors of glaucoma especially among Caucasians and African Americans, with little documentation in Africa where there’s an alarming rate of blindness.

Aim and Objectives:

To compare central cornea thickness (CCT), intraocular pressure (IOP), axial length (AL) and refractive state in participants with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and non-glaucoma in South-West Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

This hospital-based case-control study was carried out among 184 newly diagnosed POAG and non-glaucoma adult participants attending the outpatient clinic of Eleta eye institute. The CCT, IOP, AL and refractive state were measured in each participant. Test of significance between proportions in categorical variables were assessed using chi square test (χ2) in both groups. The means were compared using independent t-test while correlation between parameters were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results:

The mean age of the POAG participants was 57.16 + 13.3 years and the mean age of the non-glaucoma participants was 54.15 + 13.4 years. The mean IOP in the POAG group was 30.2 + 8.9mmHg while non- glaucoma group was 14.2 + 2.6mmHg (P < 0.001), other ocular parameters were not significantly different in both groups. In the POAG group, decreased spherical equivalent refractive error (i.e increasing myopia) was significantly associated with increased axial length (r= -0.252, P = 0.01), but not significant in the non- glaucoma group. However, in the non-glaucoma group, central cornea thickness increased with increasing intraocular pressure (r= 0.305, P = 0.003), which was not significant in the glaucoma group.

Conclusion:

Patients with POAG had much higher IOP and thus, IOP remains a significant risk factor in its development. There was a significant relationship between refractive state and axial length in the POAG group while a significant relationship was identified between central cornea thickness and intraocular pressure in the non- glaucoma group.
Amsler Grid Versus 10-2 Test in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Gbadegesin Temitope Mariam , Olawoye Olusola , Sarimiye Tarela Frederick , Idowu Oluwatobi Olalekan , Ajayi Benedictus G.K.
Published: September 2023

Background:

Glaucoma is the leading cause of global irreversible blindness. The goal of management in glaucoma lies in its early detection and treatment to prevent further optic neuropathy. Available equipment for early glaucoma detection is not cost-effective or readily available in resource-scarce settings such as Nigeria. Thus, there is a need for a simple cost-effective tool to detect glaucomatous central visual field (CVF) defects in all the stages of glaucoma within the community in resource scarce-settings.

Aims and Objectives:

The aim of this article is to determine the validity of the Amsler grid in detecting central glaucomatous visual field defects in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study of follow-up glaucoma patients at a secondary eye care hospital in Nigeria. All patients had detailed ophthalmic examination in addition to 24-2 and 10-2 CVF tests and Amsler grid test. POAG was classified using the Hodapp–Parrish–Anderson criteria into mild, moderate, and severe on 24-2 CVF. The diagnostic validity of the Amsler grid was calculated using the 10-2 CVF as a reference standard. Regression analyses were performed between the Amsler grid scotoma area and 10-2 CVF parameters [mean deviation (MD), scotoma extent (SE), and scotoma mean depth (SMD)].

Results:

A total of 150 eyes of 150 patients were enrolled. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the Amsler grid compared with the 10-2 CVF was 49.5%, 95.9%, 96.2%, and 47.9%, respectively, with an area under curve of 0.7. Sensitivity increased with increasing severity (P < 0.001) from 20.0%, 31.0%, and 76.6% in mild, moderate, and severe POAG, respectively. The Amsler grid scotoma area had the strongest relationship with the 10-2 MD, followed by 10-2 SE and 10-2 SMD with a quadratic R
2 of 0.579, 0.370, and 0.307, respectively.

Conclusion:

The Amsler grid has a low sensitivity in mild-to-moderate POAG. However, it may serve as an adjunctive tool in resource-scarce settings for detection of severe POAG in the community by primary eye care providers.
Hydatid Disease of Tibia Reconstructed with Allograft
Authors: Niraula Bishwa Bandhu , Regmi Anil , Bansal Shivam , Dhingra Mohit , Phulware Ravi Hari , Bhagat Saroj Kumar
Published: September 2023

Background:

Hydatid disease of bone shows a well-defined, multiloculated lytic lesion with the appearance of a bunch of grapes. The presenting symptoms are pain and swelling with or without pathological fracture. The treatment options include surgery followed by a long duration of albendazole. Removal of the involved bone is required to decrease the chances of recurrences.

Case Report:

In our study, we have included a case of 28-year-old woman presented with complaints of pain and difficulty in weight bearing over her right lower limb for 2.5 months. Radiograph suggested an eccentric lytic lesion in midshaft of tibia and biopsy revealed granulosus cyst wall, nucleate germinal layer, the brood capsule, and protoscolices with visible hooklets. Patient was subjected to surgery with the excision of cyst along with extended curettage of bone creating a bone defect around the lesion and with anterolateral platting with coverage of bone defect by allogenic bone grafting. Patient was kept on above knee slab with non-weight-bearing mobilization for 6 weeks. Postoperative chemotherapy with Albendazole was given for 3 months. Patient was followed up every 6 weeks for 3 months and every month thereafter on outpatient basis. Return to work and patient satisfaction were excellent.

Conclusion:

Definitive Surgical management with Preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy seems to be effective to avoid recurrence. The bone defect caused by the disease or surgery can be managed with a bone graft either of autograft or allograft.
Urinary Catheter Documentation in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital
Authors: Okeke Chike John , Ogunjimi Moses Adebisi , Jeje Emmanuel Ajibola , Obi Anselm Okwudili , Uzoma Chukwuebuka
Published: September 2023

Background:

Urinary catheters are an important armamentarium of urologic practice. Several indications for their use exist. A good knowledge of the details surrounding every urinary catheter inserted is necessary for the proper management of the patients. Inadequate documentation can lead to complications such as urinary tract infection or even forgotten catheters.

Objectives:

This study aimed at auditing the practice of documentation of urinary catheter parameters in our hospital as a means to improving the standard of care and aligning with international best practices with respect to the use of urinary catheters in our hospital.

Materials and Methods:

This study was a 3-month audit on the quality of documentation on the parameters of each urinary catheter use in Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The parameters included the indication for catheterisation, route of catheterisation, staff who catheterised, size of catheter, type of catheter, volume of water used for inflating catheter balloon, volume of urine drained, if aseptic technique was followed during catheterisation, informed consent and complications encountered. Data were summarised as frequencies and means. Statistical significance was pegged at P < 0.05.

Results:

Seventy-four patients were men, whereas two were women. The mean age of the patients was 67.29 ± 15.17 years. Overall, sex (76 [100%]), age (76 [100%]) and route of catheterisation (68 [89.5%]) were the three most commonly documented information. The documentation on complications and volume of fluid instilled to inflate the catheter balloon were the least-documented parameters (6 [7.9%] and 11 [14.5%], respectively). The following parameters were better documented in the SPC arm: The staff who passed the catheter p = 0.000), the type of catheter passed (p = 0.004), asepsis (p = 0.001) and acquisition of informed consent (p = 0.043).

Conclusions:

Documentation following urinary catheter use was noted to be poor in this study. Documentation of catheter parameters was noted to be higher in patients who had SPC than those who had urethral catheterisation.
Ophthalmic Injuries in Patients with Maxillofacial Trauma Presenting to a Teaching Hospital in North Central Nigeria
Authors: Panshak Tenmang Elisha , Akhiwu Benjamin Idemudia , Ramyil Alice Venyir , Saleh Naomi , Wade Patricia , Ladeinde Akinola Ladipo , Mpyet Caleb
Published: September 2023

Background:

Ophthalmic injuries in patients with maxillofacial trauma are potential causes of a permanent visual loss. These injuries can easily be missed; hence, there is a need for the ophthalmic evaluation of patients with maxillofacial trauma. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, patterns, etiology, and risk factors of ophthalmic injuries in patients presenting with maxillofacial trauma in a teaching hospital in North Central Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

The study was a hospital-based, descriptive, cross-sectional study of 67 patients with maxillofacial trauma recruited over a 6-month study period. Information on the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants was obtained. The data were analysed using SPSS version 20 statistical software. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to test for statistical significance.

Results:

Ophthalmic involvement was seen in 77.6% of the study participants, with males and individuals aged 21–30 years being more commonly affected. The leading cause of ophthalmic injuries in patients with maxillofacial trauma was road traffic accident (RTA) (75.5%). Others included assaults and fall from heights. Amongst the RTA cases, 71.4% was due to motorcycle-related accident with 91.9% of the patients with ophthalmic injuries observed not to use helmet/seat belt. The use of alcohol and not wearing protective gears were seen as the risk factors. Simple zygomatic complex fracture was the most common trauma observed (44.2%).

Conclusion:

Ophthalmologic assessment should be conducted for all patients presenting with maxillofacial trauma. The laws on the use of protective gears such as helmets and seat belts should be enforced.
Isolated Ankyloblepharon Filiforme Adnatum
Authors: Ramyil Alice Venyir , Panshak Tenmang , Saleh Naomi , Akpa Noah , Akintayo Akintunde , Wade Patricia
Published: September 2023

Ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum (AFA) is a rare congenital anomaly consisting of partial or complete adhesion of the upper and lower eyelids, and it can be an isolated finding, or associated with other multisystemic anomalies. Its presence should alert the neonatologist of the need for a detailed systemic evaluation. We present a twenty day old baby who presented to our facility on the 8th of August 2019, with bilateral adhesions of the upper and lower eyelids, and had them excised with the use of McPherson’s forceps and Vannas scissors, with no sedation or anesthesia. Timely separation of the lids is important to prevent the onset of stimulus deprivation amblyopia.
Effect of hyaluronic acid with a collagen sponge scaffold in the treatment of intra-bony defects of chronic periodontitis
Authors: ElShammaa Ibrahim Mohammed , Ghoraba Sahar Fawzy , Shoukheba Malak Yousef
Published: September 2023

Aim

This randomized split mouth study evaluated the effect of hyaluronic acid HA gel in a collagen sponge in the treatment of intra-bony periodontal defects.

Materials and Methods

Twenty sites of intrabony defects in 10 systemically healthy patients with chronic moderate periodontitis were randomly distributed into two groups, 10 sites each. Group I treated with open flap debridement and collagen sponge soaked in placebo gel. Group II treated with open flap debridement and HA gel-soaked collagen sponge. Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured at baseline, three months after surgery, and six months after that. Cone beam computed tomography was used to assess bone density, defect depth (DD), defect width (DW), and defect area (DA) at baseline and six months after surgery (BD).

Results

Group II showed statistically significant improvement in plaque index, BOP, PPD and CAL at 3- and 6-month intervals, while group I showed statistically significant improvement regarding all clinical parameters except for CAL at 6 months, showed statistically insignificant increase approximating the baseline value. Intergroup comparison showed statistically significant differences in favour of group II at 3 and 6 months for PPD and CAL while for BOP at 6 months only. At six months, both groups had statistically significant improvements in the radiographic parameters, and intergroup comparison revealed statistically significant differences favouring group II.

Conclusion

Hyaluronic acid resulted in clinical improvement and radiographic evidence of bone regeneration in the treatment of intra-bony defects in chronic periodontitis patients.
Effect of different surface treatments on tensile bond strength of acrylic denture teeth to CAD/CAM denture base
Authors: El-Refay Rehab A. , El-Sheikh Mohamed M. , Salm Amal A.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study evaluated the effect of different surface treatments on tensile bond strength of acrylic denture teeth to prepolymerized computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) denture base resin (PMMA) under two different storage conditions.

Patients and methods

160 test specimens were used in this study, each specimen has two parts: the first part: is an acrylic cross-linked maxillary central incisor denture tooth embedded in acrylic resin blocks, and the second part: is cone shape (5 mm × 5 mm × 3 mm) specimens prepared from prepolymerized PMMA discs by computer numerically controlled (CNC) milling machine under water cooling. Test specimens were divided into four main groups 40 each according to tooth surface treatment. Group I: no sandblasting. Group II: sandblasted using 50 μm aluminum oxide. Group III: sandblasted using 150 μm Al2O3. Group IV: sandblasted using 200 μm Al2O3. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups (A, B) 20 each, subgroup A used resin cement bond first part with the second part. Subgroup B used a bonding agent to bond the first part with the second part. Each subgroup was divided into 10 specimens that were stored in 50 hours of distilled water storage and 10 specimens were thermocycling. All specimens were then subjected to a tensile load using testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until debonding. The resulting debonding forces were recorded and statistically analyzed. For all specimens, the interface was inspected. The interface failures were classified into adhesive and cohesive failures. The data were analyzed using a three-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey’s test.

Results

The highest mean value tensile bond strength was recorded for GIV (6.5 ± 1.46). Sandblasting was improving the tensile bond strength value of all the specimens. Bonding agents without and with surface treatment significantly improved the tensile bond strength of all specimens. The thermocycling significantly decreased the tensile bond strength of all specimens.

Conclusion

Sandblasting of denture teeth followed by bonding agent improved the tensile bond strength to CAD/CAM denture base. Thermocycling decreased the tensile bond strength of acrylic denture teeth to CAD/CAM denture base.
In vitro stress analysis of class II Kennedy conventional design and side plate with OT attachment
Authors: Othman Doaa Soliman , Kashef Nahed Ahmed , El Gendy Mohamed Nabeel Mohamed
Published: September 2023

Aim of the work

The purpose of this study was to compare stress induced by the conventional design of lower unilateral free-end saddle and side plate with extra-coronal attachment (OT Cap attachment) and record the micro-strains induced by this stress.

Materials and methods

Strain gauge technology was used for strain analysis. A two-layer epoxy resin model with a unilateral distal extension base was used in this study with the second premolar as the last standing abutment. Model A: A lower metallic partial denture was made with an RPI clasp as a direct retainer on the second premolar and a double Aker clasp for cross-arch stabilization on the 1st and 2nd molars of the dentulous side, and the lingual plate served as a major connector. Model B: Lower metallic partial denture was made with the extra-coronal attachment (OT Cap attachment) as a direct retainer on the second premolar splinted with the first premolar by crowns. Stresses were measured vertically and obliquely at the buccal and lingual sides of the lower 2nd premolar, the edentulous ridge in the lower 2nd molar, and the double Aker in the dentulous side of model A. However, stresses were measured vertically and obliquely at the buccal and lingual side of the lower 2nd premolar and the edentulous ridge in the lower 2nd molar of model B. Data were collected, tabulated, and statistically analyzed using the SPSS software program.

Results

The present study revealed that stresses recorded at the abutment teeth and the ridge in the area of the lower second molar were higher in the case of conventional RPD than in OT attachment and the micro strains recorded around the abutment tooth were much more than micro-strains recorded around the residual ridge.

Conclusions

Mandibular partial denture using OT attachment can be considered as a prosthetic option for the management of class II Kennedy classification as it can improve the integrity of the alveolar bone of the abutment tooth and the residual ridge. Splinting of abutments reduces the stresses located in the buccal and lingual aspects of the abutment connection between the abutment and the OT attachment allowing better distribution of the stresses between the abutment tooth and the ridge vertically and obliquely.
Finite Element Analysis of Graphene Based Solar Photonic Battery for Electric Vehicle
Authors: P Geetha , Sudarmani R. , Venkataraman C. , Shubha S.
Published: September 2023

The sun has tremendous potential to address the world’s increasing energy needs, but the increased cost of employing lunar power is a considerable hurdle when equated to more conventional energy sources. The low energy density and low conversion efficiency of solar radiation, expensive raw materials, and labor-intensive manufacturing process all contribute to the high cost of a photovoltaic system. In the last ten years, advances in nano science and nanotechnology have opened up new possibilities for the creation of effective solar cells. Designing semiconductor, metal, and polymer nanostructure designs for solar cells has become possible. Understanding the methods involved in the photovoltaic energy conversion like optical and electrical process, has also benefited from theoretical and modelling studies. The high price and insufficient efficiency of current solar cells prevent the widespread usage of solar energy. One-dimensional (1-D) nanomaterials have particularly opened up new design possibilities for more effective solar cells thanks to nanostructured materials. These nanostructures of 1D, such as nanowires, nanotubes and nanorods, present great potential for enhancing photon absorption, electron transit, and electron collection in solar cells. Graphene is a 2D hexagonal lattice of carbon atoms that is atomically thin. The remarkable mechanical properties of graphene are due to its structure, in which each carbon atom shares three of its four electrons in covalent bonds with its nearest neighbours (sp2 bonds). At the same time, the remaining fourth electrons are delocalized across the two-dimensional lattice in an orbital that accounts for the majority of the material’s optoelectronic capabilities. Also, Graphene is noted for having mobility that exceeds that of good metals. Furthermore, since a number of solution-based techniques, such as simple spin coating, may be used to create thin films of graphene a range of compositions can be created utilising low-cost, straightforward, and large-scale processes. In this work, graphene based photovoltaic cell is modeled and analysed based on finite element method.
Du HTML à une liste de mots (partie 1)
Authors: Turkel William J. , Crymble Adam
Published: September 2023

Dans cette leçon en deux parties, nous allons utiliser les compétences acquises dans la leçon « Télécharger des pages web avec Python », et voir comment supprimer les *balises HTML* de la page de la transcription du procès-verbal de Benjamin Bowsey en 1780 dans le but de créer un texte propre et réutilisable. Nous réaliserons cette tâche en utilisant les *opérateurs et méthodes de chaines de caractères* propres à Python, ainsi que nos compétences relatives à la *lecture attentive*. Nous introduirons ensuite les concepts de *boucles* et *d’instructions conditionnelles* afin de répéter notre processus de traitement et de tester certaines conditions nous permettant de séparer le contenu des balises HTML. Pour finir, nous convertirons les données obtenues et enregistrées sous la forme d’un texte sans balises HTML en une *liste de mots* qui pourra par la suite être triée, indexée et investie lors d’analyses statistiques.
EAGLE’S EYE REVIEW ON PANCHANAN RASA
Authors: Bhargava Satyam , Jaiswal Ritika , Kishore Pati Raj
Published: September 2023

Rasa Shastra is a specialized branch of Indian Traditional systems and Medicine that deals with metals, minerals,
herbal compounds, and various principles of Alchemy and Metallurgy, etc. Panchanan Rasa's chief reference is in
Rasa Ratna Samuchya Hridya Roga Chikitsa for Hridya Roga. It is a herbo-mineral preparation made with the
help of Kharal so-called Kharaliya preparation and is used in vati form to be given to the patient. In the present
era, Hridya Roga is becoming a common problem, every one person in ten people is suffering from CAD/IHD
with varied etiology and is going under long term medication and costly surgeries which every patient is not able
to afford, so this article discusses the therapeutic and preventive review of Panchanan Rasa. Materials and
Method: Data is collected from related Ayurveda and modern medical literature, articles that have been published
in various journals on the website. Discussion: Most of the drugs in Panchanan Rasa is having Hridya property.
Conclusion: Panchanan Rasa is a very effective drug.
Talento e desempenho económico nos países europeus: uma aplicação de equações estruturais
Authors: Cruz Ana
Published: September 2023

A ligação entre o capital humano e o desenvolvimento dos territórios é um tema que tem raízes profundas nas ciências sociais, em particular na teoria económica. O presente artigo pretendeanalisar o impacto que os três T propostos por Richard Florida - o talento, a tecnologia e a tolerância -, têm no desempenho económico. Tendo por base os vinte e sete estados-membros da União Europeia é seguida a abordagem de Partial Least Squares para estimar um modelo de equações estruturais explicativo da teoria dos três T. Os resultados confirmam a significância estatística das relações teóricas estudadas e sublinham o papel do talento como motor central em todo o processo económico.
Criatividade individual e colectiva em jovens futebolistas
Authors: Gonçalves Bruno , Santos Sara , Mateus Nuno , Sampaio Jaime , Leite Nuno , Silva Alexandra
Published: September 2023

Considerando as teorias habitualmente explicativas das assimetrias posturais (teoria ascendente e descendente), pretendeu-se verificar a magnitude e sentido das associações entre a tipologia das assimetrias posturais verificadas em crianças e jovens futebolistas. Quarenta e sete futebolistas do sexo masculino entre os 9 e os 16 anos (13.02 ± 2.51) foram avaliados com recurso ao software de avaliação postural SAPo. O teste de correlação de Spearmen foi utilizado para verificar possíveis associações entre as diferentes tipologias de assimetrias identificadas. Foram observadas correlações positivas e negativas entre as assimetrias na zona inferior e superior do corpo. As assimetrias entre os lóbulos, espinhas ilíacas, escolioses na coluna vertebral, maléolos mediais, linha articular do joelho, ângulo inferior das escápulas e linha média da perna apresentaram correlações positivas entre si. Parece pertinente descrever as associações possíveis entre as prevalências de assimetrias nas diferentes modalidades, bem como controlar a magnitude dos desvios posturais. A existência de uma assimetria pode levar ao aparecimento ou desaparecimento de outra.
Analisa Break Event Point (BEP) dalam Pengembangan Produk UMKM Argowisata Dusun Bolu Kecamatan Seyagen Sleman
Authors: Widayani Wiwi , Putra Andriyan Dwi Putra , Maemunah Mei , Nurani Dwi , Harliana Harliana
Published: September 2023

Dusun Bolu merupakan salah satu dusun yang berada di bawah Kelurahan Margokaton Kabupaten Sleman Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Komoditas unggulan Dusun ini diantaranya pertanian, peternakan, perikanan serta home industry kerajinan tangan. Dengan berbagai komoditas tersebut saat ini Dusun Bolu dipersiapkan menjadi suatu Desa Argowisata Berbasis Edukasi, hal ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat dalam pengembangan produk UMKM yang dimiliki. Permasalahan terjadi ketika masyarakat melakukan pengelolaan keuangan seadanya yang menyebabkan laba menjadi nol. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka pada kegiatan ini tim akan melakukan pelatihan dan pendampingan penerapan BEP (Break Event Point) kepada pelaku UMKM Dusun Bolu agar laba bersih yang didapatkan tidak berada dititik impas. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa mitra dapat menerima dengan baik segala kegiatan ini, yang ditunjukkan dengan antusiasnya mitra terhadap pelatihan yang dilakukan dan pendampingan terhadap penyusunan BEP untuk jenis usaha yang mitra miliki.
Síndromes neuropsicológicos frecuentes en diagnóstico de tumor cerebral con posible intervención neuroquirúrgica
Authors: Tojo Ortiz María José
Published: September 2023

PROBLEMA: ¿Cuál es el cuadro neuropsicológico de pacientes con tumor cerebral que necesita intervención neuroquirúrgica? OBJETIVO: identificar los síndromes neuropsicológicos en diagnóstico de tumor cerebral con intervención neuroquirúrgica referidos a Clínica de Neuropsicología Integral Guatemala. MÉTODO: estudio retrospectivo transversal. Se determinó la prevalencia de los principales síndromes neuropsicológicos en pacientes con diagnóstico de tumor cerebral y posible intervención neuroquirúrgica en adultos mayores a partir de 30 años, siendo los casos y pacientes de hospitales nacionales, del interior; de clínicas y hospitales privados. RESULTADOS: dentro de la principal sintomatología que predominó en ambos géneros, fue la cefalea en un 98%, siguiendo nausea con un 85%, alteración de la visión con un 76%, convulsiones con un 58% y hemiparesia con 42%, considerando que dentro de los principales síndromes neuropsicológicos que presentan los pacientes con tumor cerebral, se encuentra la afasia 59%, dificultad de aprendizaje 40%, problemas en control inhibitorio 29%, dificultad en comprensión con 27%. CONCLUSIONES: la mayor prevalencia de pacientes con tumor cerebral predomina en mujeres con un 68%, con un cuadro sindrómico: cefalea, nausea, alteración de la visión, convulsiones, principalmente; síndromes neuropsicológicos afectados como la atención, afasia, memoria principalmente.
ANALISA TEBAL PERKERASAN LENTUR PEMBANGUNAN JALAN PERTIBI LAMA-SIOSAR KECAMATAN MEREK KABUPATEN KARO STA 0+000 S/D 2 + 000
Authors: Brahmana Meidifa Cindy Br , Silitonga David , Debataraja Semangat , Lubis Yusuf Aulia
Published: September 2023

Jalan ialah sarana transportasi yang memudahkan warga setempat buat berinteraksi menggunakan lingkungan sekitarnya, baik dalam bidang sosial, ekonomi, juga budaya. salah satu Ruas jalan adalah Jalan Pertibilama - Siosar.oleh karena itu Tujuan dibangun jalan ini yaitu buat buat menaikkan fungsi sistem jalan mirip pengurangan kemacetan sebagai akibatnya berpengaruh kepada sektor ekonomi dan juga pariwisata. pada jalan ini akan direncanakan lebar jalan 4,50 meter,menggunakan perkerasan aspal sehingga  ini menggunakan Metode Analisa Komponen bina Marga. sebagai akibatnya perencana haruslah menghasilkan jalan sinkron dengan spesifikasi yg diterapkan sehingga jalan itu aman digunakan oleh pengendara serta tidak rusak dalam waktu cepat. berdasarkan hasil analisa dan perhitungan, maka jalan ini termasuk kedalam jalan kolektor.Tebal perkerasan buat jalan ini ialah lapisan AC-WC sebesar 5 cm, Lapisan Agregat Kelas A sebesar 20 centimeter, dan Lapisan  Agregat Kelas B sebesar 15 centimeter.
SOLUSI NUMERIK PERSAMAAN DIFERENSIAL BIASA ORDE TINGGI MELALUI PENDEKATAN METODE BEDA PUSAT NEWTON
Authors: Sitompul Hery Andi , Siahaan Enzo W. B.
Published: September 2023

Solusi numerik dari sebuah model persamaan diferensial biasa sangat dibutuhkan pada saat solusi eksak sulit didapatkan, sehingga para ilmuwan berusaha untuk mengembangkan berbagai metode atau teknik numerik untuk aproksimasi solusi eksak tersebut. Terdapat beberapa metode numerik untuk menyelesaikan persamaan diferensial biasa orde tinggi, walaupun tidak sebanyak metode numerik untuk orde satu atau orde dua. Metode beda Newton sudah sangat populer untuk interpolasi nilai sebuah polinom dimana hasilnya sangat baik. Dengan menganggap  bahwa persamaan diferensial biasa orde tinggi adalah merupakan sebuah polinom maka skema metode beda Newton terkhusus beda pusat akan dapat digunakan untuk aproksimasi solusi persamaan diferensial biasa dan hasil yang diperoleh dalam kajian ini sangat baik jika dibandinggak dengan solusik eksak.
طبائع اللغة وتوظيفها في تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها
Authors: Muhammad Aminudin  , Achmad Ja’far Shodik  , Uril Bahruddin
Published: September 2023

هدف البحث إلى التعرف على طبائع اللغة وتوظيفها في تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها. تعتبر اللغة العنصر الأساسي في كل دراسة لغوية باعتبارها الأصل في التواصل وأساس التفاهم بين الأفراد فهي لاختلاف عن باقي اللغات بل لها سمات وخصائص تميزها عن غيرها. يجرى هذا البحث بحثا مكتبيا للحصول على البيانات التي يحتاج إليها عن طبائع اللغة وتوظيفها في تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها. ونتائج هذا البحث أن للغة عدة طبائع: 1) اللغة هي الكلام. 2) اللغة ظاهرة اجتماعية. 3) اللغة كائن حي متغير. 4) اللغة مكتسبة.. 5) اللغة نسق وقواعد. وبالنسبة إلى طبائع وخصائص اللغة من أجل اللغة العربية، فلا بد لمعلمي اللغة العربية لاستعمال طرائق تدريس اللغة الأجنبية المناسبة لدى طلاب العربية. وتحديث طريقة عملهم بما يتناسب مع تطور مستويات طلابهم وتحسين أدائهم اللغوي لتحقيق هدف التعليم.
دور المعلم في تطوير المنهج الدراسي لتعليم اللغة العربية
Authors: Anita Lailatul Fahrun Nisa'  , Nur Ahid Nur Ahid
Published: September 2023

يسير تطور العلم جنبًا إلى جنب مع تطور التكنولوجيا التي لها تأثير على تطوير حياة الإنسان. بالإضافة إلى ذلك ، أدت هذه التطورات إلى تغيير في المنظور في تطبيق الأهداف التعليمية ، وخاصة التعليم الوطني الإندونيسي. تطوير المنهج الدراسي هو تصميم فرص التعليم  التي تهدف إلى توجيه الطلاب نحو التغييرات المطلوبة وتقييم مدى حدوث هذه التغييرات في الطلاب. استعدادًا لتطبيق المنهج وتطويره ، يجب على معلمي اللغة العربية معرفة واجباتهم في تحويل معارفهم إلى الطلاب. يجب على المعلمين تطبيق واجباتهم كمعلمين وموجهين للطلاب في تعلم العلوم. بالإضافة إلى ذلك ، يستخدم المعلمون أيضًا بيئة تعليمية مبتكرة وخلاقة لتعظيم تعلم اللغة العربية في المدرسة من أجل تحقيق أقصى قدر من النجاح في التعليم . واجب المعلم بصفته منشئ المنهج الدراسي للفصل يعني أن المعلم يترجم ويصف ويحول القيم الواردة في المنهج للطلاب. يشمل دور المعلم في تطوير المناهج أربعة أشياء ، وهي: 1) المنفذون ، 2) المحولات ، 3) المطورون ، 4) الباحثون.
تطبيق الطريقة المباشرة في تعليم اللغة العربية في المعهد الديني المعاصر باسيا بوكت تينجي
Authors: Husaini M Halim , Aisyah Devy
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this research is to describe the application of the Direct Method in teaching the Arabic language and improving Arabic language education at the Contemporary Religious Institute in Bukit Tinggi. The research methodology used is qualitative descriptive research, employing data collection through observation, interviews, and document analysis. Data triangulation and discussion were used to validate the data. The results of applying the Direct Method in teaching Arabic show that students are more enthusiastic about improving their Arabic language skills and are motivated because the teacher constantly communicates in Arabic throughout the class. Moreover, the students show faster comprehension of unfamiliar vocabulary when the teacher explains using body gestures, visual aids such as pictures, and other props. The teacher delivers Arabic lessons fluently both inside and outside the classroom