bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxidative damage in DNA bases revealed by UV resonant Raman spectroscopy
Authors: D'Amico Francesco , Cammisuli Francesca , Addobbati Riccardo , Rizzardi Clara , Gessini Alessandro , Masciovecchio Claudio , Rossi Barbara , Pascolo Lorella
Published: January 2015

We report on the use of the UV Raman technique to monitor the oxidative damage of deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dATP, dGTP, dCTP and dTTP) and DNA (plasmid vector) solutions.
On-surface self-organization of a robust metal–organic cluster based on copper(i) with chloride and organosulphur ligands
Authors: Otero-Irurueta Gonzalo , Hernández-Rodríguez Irene , Martínez José I. , Palacios-Rivera Rogger , Palomares Francisco J. , López María F. , Gallego Almudena I. , Delgado Salomé , Zamora Félix , Méndez Javier , Martín-Gago José A.
Published: January 2015

Vacuum sublimation of a metal–organic cluster leading to supramolecular wires on surfaces.
Olefins from biomass feedstocks: catalytic ester decarbonylation and tandem Heck-type coupling
Authors: John Alex , Hogan Levi T. , Hillmyer Marc A. , Tolman William B.
Published: January 2015

Catalytic method employs “masked” carboxylic acids to yield alkenes, via decarbonylation and/or C–C coupling of activated esters.
Stacking interactions by two Phe side chains stabilize and orient assemblies of even the minimal amphiphilic β-sheet motif
Authors: Shlomo Zarzhitsky , Vinod T. P. , Jelinek Raz , Rapaport Hanna
Published: January 2015

Here we demonstrate that the smallest possible motif of the amphiphilic and pleated β-strand structure can be generated using tri-peptides stabilized by π–π stacking interactions.
Photo-responsive reversible assembly of gold nanoparticles coated with pillar[5]arenes
Authors: Zhou Qizhong , Zhang Bin , Han Deman , Chen Rener , Qiu Fangli , Wu Jiashou , Jiang Hujiang
Published: January 2015

Gold nanoparticles stabilized by sulfhydryl functionalized pillar[5]arenes were successfully prepared. When they complex with anthracene derivatives on their surfaces, they can reversibly aggregate and disassemble based on photocycloaddition of anthracene.
Supramolecular assemblies of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid and 3,5-substituted pyrazoles: formation and structural analysis
Authors: Singh Udai P. , Tomar Kapil , Kashyap Sujata
Published: January 2015

Reaction of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (H3BTC) with various 3,5-substituted pyrazoles resulted in different host guest assemblies. Theoretical calculations were used to calculate the interaction energy and their comparison with the experimental data obtained through thermogravimetric analysis.
Molecular dynamics of different polymer blends containing poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether)
Authors: Wang Huan , Shentu Baoqing , Faller Roland
Published: January 2015

Molecular dynamics of polymer blends containing PPE (left: PPE = blue PS = orange. Right: PPE = blue PMMA = red).
Synthesis and characterization of bicontinuous cubic poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) gyroid (PEDOT GYR) gels
Authors: Cho Whirang , Wu Jinghang , Shim Bong Sup , Kuan Wei-Fan , Mastroianni Sarah E. , Young Wen-Shiue , Kuo Chin-Chen , Epps, III Thomas H. , Martin David C.
Published: January 2015

The successful templated-synthesis of PEDOT in bicontinuous GYR nanostructures: highly ordered, mechanically stable and electrically conductive.
Improved photocatalytic activity in RuO2–ZnO nanoparticulate heterostructures due to inhomogeneous space charge effects
Authors: Uddin Md. Tamez , Nicolas Yohann , Olivier Céline , Servant Laurent , Toupance Thierry , Li Shunyi , Klein Andreas , Jaegermann Wolfram
Published: January 2015

Vectorial charge separation! Inhomogeneous distribution of RuO2 nanoparticles in RuO2–ZnO nanocomposites favors vectorial charge separation of electron–hole pairs enhancing their photocatalytic properties.
Stacked functionalized silicene: a powerful system to adjust the electronic structure of silicene
Authors: Denis Pablo A.
Published: January 2015

First principle calculations showed that fluorinated silicene reduces the band gaps of functionalized silicenes.
Crystal-plane-dependent metal–support interaction in Au/TiO2
Authors: Liu Lichen , Ge Chengyan , Zou Weixin , Gu Xianrui , Gao Fei , Dong Lin
Published: January 2015

The metal–support interactions between Au and different TiO2 crystal planes are investigated to identify their crystal-plane-dependent properties.
Theory of the formation of the electric double layer at the ion exchange membrane–solution interface
Authors: Moya A. A.
Published: January 2015

The study of the formation of the electric double layer at the membrane–solution interface based on the Nernst–Planck and Poisson equations including different diffusion coefficient and dielectric constant values in the solution and membrane phases.
Electrocapillarity and zero-frequency differential capacitance at the interface between mercury and ionic liquids measured using the pendant drop method
Authors: Nishi Naoya , Hashimoto Atsunori , Minami Eiji , Sakka Tetsuo
Published: January 2015

Zero-frequency differential capacitance measurements at the ionic liquid|mercury interface using the pendant drop method reveal predicted and unpredicted features of the potential dependence of the capacitance.
Rhodathiaborane reaction cycles driven by C2H4 and H2: synthesis and characterization of [(H)2(PPh3)RhSB8H7(PPh3)] and [(η2-C2H4)(PPh3)RhSB8H7(PPh3)]
Authors: Luaces Susana , Macías Ramón , Artigas María José , Lahoz Fernando J. , Oro Luis A.
Published: January 2015

New 10-vertex rhodathiaboranes are reported to exhibit reversible reaction chemistry leading to the formation of stoichiometric cycles driven by the hydrogenation of the alkene ligand.
Group VI metal complexes of tris(diphenylphosphinomethyl)phenylborate: modulation of ligand donation via coordination of M(CO)3 units at the borate phenyl substituent
Authors: Fischer Paul J. , Weberg Alexander B. , Bohrmann Trent D. , Xu Hanyue , Young Victor G.
Published: January 2015

Modulation of tris(diphenylphosphinomethyl)phenylborate donation to κ3-phosphine-bound fragments is inductively achieved by the coordination of 12-electron M(CO)3 fragments at the borate phenyl substituent.
The impact of commonly used air filters in eliminating the exposure to secondhand smoke constituents
Authors: Pritsos Chris A. , Muthumalage Thivanka
Published: January 2015

The use of microchip controlled TE-10 smoke machine system with 3R4F research cigarettes as a part of the experimental design in order to create an atmosphere with environmental tobacco smoke constituents.
An in vitro model of tissue boundary formation for dissecting the contribution of different boundary forming mechanisms
Authors: Javaherian Sahar , D'Arcangelo Elisa , Slater Benjamin , Zulueta-Coarasa Teresa , Fernandez-Gonzalez Rodrigo , McGuigan Alison P.
Published: January 2015

Separation of phenotypically distinct cell populations is necessary to ensure proper organization and function of tissues and organs therefore understanding fundamental mechanisms that drive this cell segregation is important. In this work, authors present anin vivomodel system that accurately recapitulates important aspects of cell segregationin vivoand allows dissection of cell behaviours driving cell segregation.
Molecular dynamics simulations and statistical coupling analysis of GPI12 in L. major: functional co-evolution and conservedness reveals potential drug–target sites
Authors: Singh Shailza , Mandlik Vineetha , Shinde Sonali
Published: January 2015

GPI12 represents an important enzyme in the GPI biosynthetic pathway of several parasites like ‘Leishmania’.
Radiosynthesis of high affinity fluorine-18 labeled GnRH peptide analogues: in vitro studies and in vivo assessment of brain uptake in rats
Authors: Olberg Dag Erlend , Hausner Sven H. , Bauer Nadine , Klaveness Jo , Indrevoll Bård , Andressen Kjetil Wessel , Dahl Marie , Levy Finn Olav , Sutcliffe Julie L. , Haraldsen Ira
Published: January 2015

A series of high affinity 18F-GnRH peptides have been synthesized and show utility as imaging agents for GnRH receptor expression in vivo.
Revealing the carbohydrate pattern on a cell surface by super-resolution imaging
Authors: Chen Junling , Gao Jing , Wu Jiazhen , Zhang Min , Cai Mingjun , Xu Haijiao , Jiang Junguang , Tian Zhiyuan , Wang Hongda
Published: January 2015

N-GlcNAcs exist in irregular clusters on the apical membrane and most of these N-GlcNAc clusters are co-localized with lipid rafts by dSTORM imaging.
Cylindrical nanostructured MoS2 directly grown on CNT composites for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Yoo HeeJoun , Tiwari Anand P. , Lee JeongTaik , Kim Doyoung , Park Jong Hyeok , Lee Hyoyoung
Published: January 2015

An effective approach has been developed to synthesize cylindrical 3D nanostructured MoS2 on CNTs composites for high-performance Li-ion batteries.
An effective non-covalent grafting approach to functionalize individually dispersed reduced graphene oxide sheets with high grafting density, solubility and electrical conductivity
Authors: Wang Hao , Bi Shu-Guang , Ye Yun-Sheng , Xue Yang , Xie Xiao-Lin , Mai Yiu-Wing
Published: January 2015

Polymer-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (polymer-FG), produced as individually dispersed graphene sheets, offers new possibilities for the production of nanomaterials that are useful for a broad range of potential applications.
Uniform 2 nm gold nanoparticles supported on iron oxides as active catalysts for CO oxidation reaction: structure–activity relationship
Authors: Guo Yu , Gu Dong , Jin Zhao , Du Pei-Pei , Si Rui , Tao Jing , Xu Wen-Qian , Huang Yu-Ying , Senanayake Sanjaya , Song Qi-Sheng , Jia Chun-Jiang , Schüth Ferdi
Published: January 2015

Effective gold-support interaction formed through gold nanoparticles locally generated by sintering of dispersed Au atoms on the dehydrated oxide support.
Reaction of β-enaminones and acetylene dicarboxylates: synthesis of substituted 1,2-dihydropyridinones
Authors: Nagaraju Vemu , Purnachander Dalovai , Mangina N. S. V. M. Rao , Suresh Surisetti , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Karunakar Galla V.
Published: January 2015

Synthesis of dihydropyridinones was achieved by reaction of β-enaminones with acetylene dicarboxylates without using transition metal/catalyst.
A γ-cyclodextrin duplex connected with two disulfide bonds: synthesis, structure and inclusion complexes
Authors: Volkov Sergey , Kumprecht Lukáš , Buděšínský Miloš , Lepšík Martin , Dušek Michal , Kraus Tomáš
Published: January 2015

Oxidative dimerization of 6I,6V-disulfanyl-γ-cyclodextrin yields a duplex tubular structure with internal volume of ∼740 Å3allowing formation of very stable inclusion complexes with medium to large organic molecules in water (Ka∼ 108M−1).
The construction of single-layer two-dimensional supramolecular organic frameworks in water through the self-assembly of rigid vertexes and flexible edges
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Nie Cheng-Bin , Zhou Tian-You , Qi Qiao-Yan , Fu Jie , Wang Xiao-Zhong , Dai Liyan , Chen Yingqi , Zhao Xin
Published: January 2015

Single-layer two-dimensional supramolecular organic frameworks were constructed through self-assembly of rigid vertexes, flexible edges, and cucurbit[8]uril hosts.
Structural studies and detection of nitroaromatics by luminescent 2D coordination polymers with angular dicarboxylate ligands
Authors: Rachuri Yadagiri , Parmar Bhavesh , Bisht Kamal Kumar , Suresh Eringathodi
Published: January 2015

The solvothermal synthesis and crystal structures of 2D coordination polymers involving an SDB linker with Cd(ii)/Zn(ii) nodes, and the luminescence properties of these activated compounds for the detection of nitroaromatics, have been investigated.
Highly efficient WO3–ZnO mixed oxides for photocatalysis
Authors: Adhikari Sangeeta , Sarkar Debasish , Madras Giridhar
Published: January 2015

Monoclinic nanocuboid WO3 enhanced the photocatalyst efficiency of quasi nanobelt zinc oxide for dye degradation in the presence of visible light radiation.
Facile synthesis of polyaniline nanotubes and their enhanced stimuli-response under electric fields
Authors: Sim Bomi , Choi Hyoung Jin
Published: January 2015

Polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes were fabricated successfully using a micelle soft-template method in the presence of oxalic acid as a dopant and applied as the dispersed phase of an electrorheological (ER) fluid.
The role and activity of various adsorbed ammonia species on Cu/SAPO-34 catalyst during passive-SCR process
Authors: Duan Yingfeng , Wang Jun , Yu Tie , Shen Meiqing , Wang Jianqiang
Published: January 2015

In this work, the adsorption and reaction performance of various adsorbed ammonia species during the passive-SCR process were investigated.
Practical aqueous reactions leading to skeletally diverse carbohydrate-derived ketones
Authors: Liu Hongming , Liu Xiaoxing , Liu Lei , Zhang Xixi , Li Chunbao
Published: January 2015

The reactions starting from aldosyl hemiacetals and methyl ketones catalyzed by cheap catalysts and mediated by water producing four types of ketones are reported.
The d-electrons of Fe in ferrocene: the excess orbital energy spectrum (EOES)
Authors: Islam Shawkat , Wang Feng
Published: January 2015

The EOES (Δεi=εE-Fci −εS-Fci) shows that the orbitals with significantly excess energies are Fe d-electron dominant.
Metabolomics study on serum of allergic bronchial asthma rabbits treated by Recuperating Lung decoction
Authors: Shi Qi , Kong Yanhua , He Bo , Chen Xinxin , Yan Yue , Li Youlin
Published: January 2015

This study found seven biological markers in the Recuperating Lung decoction, which intervenes in the mechanism of asthma.
Application of UV-absorbing silver(i) luminescent down shifter for PTB7 organic solar cells for enhanced efficiency and stability
Authors: Moudam Omar , Bristow Noel , Chang Shu-Wei , Horie Masaki , Kettle Jeff
Published: January 2015

The material Ag(POP)(Bphen)](BF4) was used as luminescent down-shifter (LDS). The LDS serves two purposes. Firstly it improves the photocurrent of the OPV. Secondly, the layer reduces the effect of UV, leading to enhanced lifetime.
Wearable silver nanowire dry electrodes for electrophysiological sensing
Authors: Myers Amanda C. , Huang He , Zhu Yong
Published: January 2015

We present wearable dry electrodes made of silver nanowires for long-term electrophysiological sensing such as electrocardiography and electromyography.
Portable plastic syringe as a self-actuated pump for long-distance uniform delivery of liquid inside a microchannel and its application for flow-through polymerase chain reaction on chip
Authors: Wu Wenming , Trinh Kieu The Loan , Zhang Yu , Yoon Lee Nae
Published: January 2015

A strategy for realizing self-actuated pumping with uniform flow rate over a long distance is introduced using hands-on operation of disposable syringe, and was applied for on-chip flow-through PCR inside a serpentine PMMA microchannel.
Antibacterial nanocomposite hydrogels for superior biomedical applications: a Facile eco-friendly approach
Authors: Raghavendra Gownolla Malegowd , Jayaramudu Tippabattini , Varaprasad Kokkarachedu , Mohan Reddy Goddeti Siva , Raju Konduru Mohana
Published: January 2015

Antibacterial Au-core Ag-shell Carbopol® 980 NF/Noveon® AA-1 polycarbophil nanocomposite hydrogels were fabricated by nucleation of Au3+and Ag+ions from the extracts of mint leaves by facile eco-friendly approach.
Rapid microwave-assisted synthesis of N-benzyl fulleropyrrolidines under solvent free conditions
Authors: Safaei-Ghomi Javad , Masoomi Reihaneh
Published: January 2015

Rapid microwave-assisted synthesis of N-benzyl fulleropyrrolidines under solvent free conditions.
Bimetallic lanthanide complexes that display a ratiometric response to oxygen concentrations
Authors: Sørensen Thomas Just , Kenwright Alan M. , Faulkner Stephen
Published: January 2015

Heterometallic lanthanide complexes can display a ratiometric response to oxygen concentrations.
G-quadruplex DNA and ligand interaction in living cells using NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Salgado Gilmar F. , Cazenave Christian , Kerkour Abdelaziz , Mergny Jean-Louis
Published: January 2015

Using in-cell NMR spectroscopy to probe ligand binding to a G-quadruplex nucleic acid.
Adaptive binding and selection of compressed 1,ω-diammonium-alkanes via molecular encapsulation in water
Authors: Dumitrescu Dan , Legrand Yves-Marie , Petit Eddy , van der Lee Arie , Barboiu Mihail
Published: January 2015

Alkane chains may be encapsulated inside rigid crystalline capsules, adopting specific conformations of different levels of compression that are sufficiently kinetically stable under the confined conditions, to allow a conventional structure determination by X-ray diffraction.
Comment on “Discovery of a tetracontinuous, aqueous lyotropic network phase with unusual 3D-hexagonal symmetry” by M. Mahanthappa, G. Sorenson and A. Schmitt
Authors: Fischer Michael G. , Hyde Stephen T. , Schröder-Turk Gerd E.
Published: January 2015

The structure of the P63/mcm phase in gemini surfactants is the tri-continuous 3etc(193) geometry, and this represents a nearly stable morphology also in diblock copolymer melts.
Tuning polyelectrolyte multilayer structure by exploiting natural variation in fucoidan chemistry
Authors: Ho Tracey T. M. , Bremmell Kristen E. , Krasowska Marta , Stringer Damien N. , Thierry Benjamin , Beattie David A.
Published: January 2015

Polyelectrolyte multilayers of fucoidan with chitosan have film characteristics that depend on the species of seaweed from which the fucoidan is extracted. Acetylation of the fucoidan (and altered molecular weight) is implicated in the formation of denser, less hydrated multilayers.
Reply to the ‘Comment on “Discovery of a tetracontinuous, aqueous lyotropic network phase with unusual 3D-hexagonal symmetry”’ by G. Schröder-Turk, M. Fischer and S. Hyde
Authors: Sorenson Gregory P. , Mahanthappa Mahesh K.
Published: January 2015

Recent discoveries of new soft matter network phases with complex structures and potentially useful functionalities suggest a revision of the nomenclature used for their unambiguous description.
MOFs-derived porous Mn2O3 as high-performance anode material for Li-ion battery
Authors: Bai Zhongchao , Zhang Yaohui , Zhang Yuwen , Guo Chunli , Tang Bin , Sun Di
Published: January 2015

MOFs-derived porous Mn2O3 have been synthesized by the high-temperature calcination of a metal–organic framework, [Mn(Br4-bdc)(4,4′-bpy)(H2O)2]n (Br4-bdc = tetrabromoterephthalate and 4,4′-bpy = 4,4′-bipyridine).
Ruthenium as a CO-tolerant hydrogen oxidation catalyst for solid acid fuel cells
Authors: Papandrew Alexander B. , Atkinson III Robert W. , Unocic Raymond R. , Zawodzinski Thomas A.
Published: January 2015

In solid acid fuel cells operating at 250 °C, Ru catalysts are more tolerant to CO than Pt.
Three-dimensional superhydrophobic surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrate for sensitive detection of pollutants in real environments
Authors: Zhao Hongyue , Jin Jing , Tian Weijun , Li Ran , Yu Zhi , Song Wei , Cong Qian , Zhao Bing , Ozaki Yukihiro
Published: January 2015

A unique three-dimensional superhydrophobic surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrate has been developed, which could be fabricated as a novel oil–water separation system for the enrichment and sensitive detection of pollutants in a real environment.
Correction: Zwitterionic polymerization of glycidyl monomers to cyclic polyethers with B(C6F5)3
Authors: Asenjo-Sanz Isabel , Veloso Antonio , Miranda José I. , Pomposo José A. , Barroso-Bujans Fabienne
Published: January 2015

Correction for ‘Zwitterionic polymerization of glycidyl monomers to cyclic polyethers with B(C6F5)3’ by Isabel Asenjo-Sanz et al., Polym. Chem., 2014, 5, 6905–6908.
Factor Xa dimerization competes with prothrombinase complex formation on platelet-like membrane surfaces
Authors: Koklic Tilen , Chattopadhyay Rima , Majumder Rinku , Lentz Barry R.
Published: January 2015

Factor Va competes factor Xa off of inactive factor Xa dimers to amplify thrombin production, both because it releases dimer inhibition and because of its cofactor activity. This suggests an unanticipated mechanism by which platelet membranes can regulate blood coagulation.
User association with jointly maximising downlink sum rate and minimising uplink sum power for heterogeneous cellular networks
Authors: Zhou Tianqing , Huang Yongming , Yang Luxi
Published: January 2015

In heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs), the user association is a challenging topic since some different base stations coexist. Moreover, because of the asymmetric uplink and downlink in HCNs, a joint uplink and the downlink association algorithm should be designed to improve the system performance. For the practical implementation, the authors need to ensure that the algorithm is highly effective. Thus, they try to design an association strategy that jointly maximises downlink sum rate and minimises uplink sum power, and formulate it as a sum‐utility maximisation problem. To solve this problem, they design a centralised association algorithm via a gradient descent method, and develop a distributed association algorithm via dual decomposition. Simulation results show that, compared with the signal strength‐based association, range expansion association and the method proposed by Ye, their scheme has some significant advantages in the mass.
Terahertz plasmonic Bessel beamformer
Authors: Monnai Yasuaki , Jahn David , Withayachumnankul Withawat , Koch Martin , Shinoda Hiroyuki
Published: January 2015

We experimentally demonstrate terahertz Bessel beamforming based on the concept of plasmonics. The proposed planar structure is made of concentric metallic grooves with a subwavelength spacing that couple to a point source to create tightly confined surface waves or spoof surface plasmon polaritons. Concentric scatterers periodically incorporated at a wavelength scale allow for launching the surface waves into free space to define a Bessel beam. The Bessel beam defined at 0.29 THz has been characterized through terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. This approach is capable of generating Bessel beams with planar structures as opposed to bulky axicon lenses and can be readily integrated with solid-state terahertz sources.
Near edge X-ray absorption mass spectrometry on coronene
Authors: Reitsma G. , Boschman L. , Deuzeman M. J. , Hoekstra S. , Hoekstra R. , Schlathölter T.
Published: January 2015

We have investigated the photoionization and photodissociation of free coronene cations C24H12+ upon soft X-ray photoabsorption in the carbon K-edge region by means of a time-of-flight mass spectrometry approach. Core excitation into an unoccupied molecular orbital (below threshold) and core ionization into the continuum both leave a C 1s vacancy, that is subsequently filled in an Auger-type process. The resulting coronene dications and trications are internally excited and cool down predominantly by means of hydrogen emission. Density functional theory was employed to determine the dissociation energies for subsequent neutral hydrogen loss. A statistical cascade model incorporating these dissociation energies agrees well with the experimentally observed dehydrogenation. For double ionization, i.e., formation of intermediate C24H123+⋆trications, the experimental data hint at loss of H+ ions. This asymmetric fission channel is associated with hot intermediates, whereas colder intermediates predominantly decay via neutral H loss.
Dynamics of shear layers at the interface of a highly porous medium and a pure fluid
Authors: Antoniadis P. D. , Papalexandris M. V.
Published: January 2015

In this paper, we report on shear flows in domains that contain a macroscopic interface between a highly porous medium and a pure fluid. Our study is based on the single-domain approach, according to which, the same set of governing equations is employed for both inside the porous medium and in the pure-fluid domain. In particular, we introduce a mathematical model for the flows of interest that is derived directly from a continuum theory for fluid-saturated granular materials. The resulting set of equations is a variation of the well-known unsteady Darcy-Brinkman model. First, we employ this model to perform a linear stability analysis of inviscid shear layers over a highly porous medium. Our analysis shows that such layers are unconditionally unstable. Next, we present results from numerical simulations of temporally evolving shear layers in both two and three dimensions. The simulations are performed via a recently designed algorithm that employs a predictor-corrector time-marching scheme and a projection method for the computation of the pressure field on a collocated grid. According to our numerical predictions, the onset of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability leads to the formation of vortices that extend to both sides of the material interface, thus producing substantial recirculation inside the porous medium. These vortices eventually merge, leading to significant growth of the shear layer and, in three dimensional flows, transition to turbulence. The dynamics of the shear layers, including growth rate and self-similarity, is presented and analysed. Finally, the structure of these layers is described in detail and compared to the one of plain mixing layers.
Efficient conversion of surface-plasmon-like modes to spatial radiated modes
Authors: Xu Jun Jun , Zhang Hao Chi , Zhang Qian , Cui Tie Jun
Published: January 2015

We propose a spoof surface plasmon polariton (SPP) emitter which is composed of ultrathin corrugated metallic strips, exhibiting the directional radiation property. The spoof SPP emitter provides a way to quickly convert the SPP mode to a radiated mode. By controlling phase modulations produced by the phase-gradient metasurface on the ultrathin metallic strips, we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that spoof SPP waves are converted into spatial propagating waves with high efficiency, which are further radiated with flexible beam steering. The proposed method sets up a link between SPP waves and radiation waves in a highly controllable way, which would possibly open an avenue in designing new kinds of microwave and optical elements in engineering.
Improved high temperature integration of Al2O3 on MoS2 by using a metal oxide buffer layer
Authors: Son Seokki , Yu Sunmoon , Choi Moonseok , Kim Dohyung , Choi Changhwan
Published: January 2015

We deposited a metal oxide buffer layer before atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al2O3 onto exfoliated molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) in order to accomplish enhanced integration. We demonstrate that even at a high temperature, functionalization of MoS2 by means of a metal oxide buffer layer can effectively provide nucleation sites for ALD precursors, enabling much better surface coverage of Al2O3. It is shown that using a metal oxide buffer layer not only allows high temperature ALD process, resulting in highly improved quality of Al2O3/MoS2 interface, but also leaves MoS2 intact.
Thermoelectric power of bulk black-phosphorus
Authors: Flores E. , Ares J. R. , Castellanos-Gomez A. , Barawi M. , Ferrer I. J. , Sánchez C.
Published: January 2015

The potential of bulk black-phosphorus, a layered semiconducting material with a direct band gap of ∼0.3 eV, for thermoelectric applications has been experimentally studied. The Seebeck Coefficient (S) has been measured in the temperature range from 300 K to 385 K, finding a value of S = +335 ± 10 μV/K at room temperature (indicating a naturally occurring p-type conductivity). S increases with temperature, as expected for p-type semiconductors, which can be attributed to an increase of the charge carrier density. The electrical resistance drops up to a 40% while heating in the studied temperature range. As a consequence, the power factor at 385 K is 2.7 times higher than that at room temperature. This work indicates the prospective use of black-phosphorus in thermoelectric applications such as thermal energy scavenging, which typically require devices with high performance at temperatures near room temperature.
A laser ultrasound transducer using carbon nanofibers–polydimethylsiloxane composite thin film
Authors: Hsieh Bao-Yu , Kim Jinwook , Zhu Jiadeng , Li Sibo , Zhang Xiangwu , Jiang Xiaoning
Published: January 2015

The photoacoustic effect has been broadly applied to generate high frequency and broadband acoustic waves using lasers. However, the efficient conversion from laser energy to acoustic power is required to generate acoustic waves with high intensity acoustic pressure (>10 MPa). In this study, we demonstrated laser generated high intensity acoustic waves using carbon nanofibers–polydimethylsiloxane (CNFs-PDMS) thin films. The average diameter of the CNFs is 132.7 ± 11.2 nm. The thickness of the CNFs film and the CNFs-PDMS composite film is 24.4 ± 1.43 μm and 57.9 ± 2.80 μm, respectively. The maximum acoustic pressure is 12.15 ± 1.35 MPa using a 4.2 mJ, 532 nm Nd:YAG pulsed laser. The maximum acoustic pressure using the CNFs-PDMS composite was found to be 7.6-fold (17.62 dB) higher than using carbon black PDMS films. Furthermore, the calculated optoacoustic energy conversion efficiency K of the prepared CNFs-PDMS composite thin films is 15.6 × 10−3 Pa/(W/m2), which is significantly higher than carbon black-PDMS thin films and other reported carbon nanomaterials, carbon nanostructures, and metal thin films. The demonstrated laser generated high intensity ultrasound source can be useful in ultrasound imaging and therapy.
Spectroscopic determination of NO2, NO3, and O3 temporal evolution induced by femtosecond filamentation in air
Authors: Camino Acner , Li Shaowei , Hao Zuoqiang , Lin Jingquan
Published: January 2015

By means of a cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy technique, we have monitored the temporal evolution of O3, NO2, and NO3 (NOx) formation after the filamentation of femtosecond laser pulses in air, providing a precise real-time measurement of the accumulative contribution of filaments. We have found that the growth of NO3 concentration in the atmosphere after the onset of a filamentation regime is 3 orders of magnitude lower than that of NO2 and O3. The multi-wavelength feature of the technique allows the simultaneous sampling of NOx and O3 directly in the filament region.
Communication: Generalization of Koopmans’ theorem to optical transitions in the Hubbard model of graphene nanodots
Authors: Sheng Weidong , Luo Kaikai , Zhou Aiping
Published: January 2015

Koopmans’ theorem implies that the Hartree-Fock quasiparticle gap in a closed-shell system is equal to its single-particle energy gap. In this work, the theorem is generalized to optical transitions in the Hubbard model of graphene nanodots. Based on systematic configuration interaction calculations, it is proposed that the optical gap of a closed-shell graphene system within the Hubbard model is equal to its tight-binding single-particle energy gap in the absence of electron correlation. In these systems, the quasiparticle energy gap and exciton binding energy are found to be dominated by the long-range Coulomb interaction, and thus, both become small when only on-site Hubbard interactions are present. Moreover, the contributions of the quasiparticle and excitonic effects to the optical gap are revealed to nearly cancel each other, which results in an unexpected overlap of the optical and single-particle gaps of the graphene systems.
Electronic excitations and structure of Li2IrO3 thin films grown on ZrO2:Y (001) substrates
Authors: Jenderka Marcus , Schmidt-Grund Rüdiger , Grundmann Marius , Lorenz Michael
Published: January 2015

Thin films are a prerequisite for application of the emergent exotic ground states in iridates that result from the interplay of strong spin-orbit coupling and electronic correlations. We report on pulsed laser deposition of Li2IrO3 films on ZrO2:Y (001) single crystalline substrates. X-ray diffraction confirms preferential (001) and (10-1) out-of-plane crystalline orientations with well defined in-plane orientation. Resistivity between 35 and 300 K is dominated by a three-dimensional variable range hopping mechanism. The dielectric function is determined by means of spectroscopic ellipsometry and, complemented by Fourier transform infrared transmission spectroscopy, reveals a small optical gap of ≈300 meV, a splitting of the 5d-t2g manifold, and several in-gap excitations attributed to phonons and possibly magnons.
High spatial uniformity of photoluminescence spectra in semipolar (202¯1) plane InGaN/GaN quantum wells
Authors: Gelžinytė K. , Ivanov R. , Marcinkevičius S. , Zhao Y. , Becerra D. L. , Nakamura S. , DenBaars S. P. , Speck J. S.
Published: January 2015

Scanning near-field optical spectroscopy was applied to study spatial variations of emission spectra at room temperature in semipolar (202¯1) InxGa1−xN/GaN single quantum wells (QWs) for 0.11≤x≤0.36. Photoluminescence (PL) was found to be highly uniform, with peak wavelength deviations and peak intensity deviations divided by average values in the range of 6–12 meV and 0.03–0.07, respectively. Near-field maps of PL parameters showed large, ∼5 to 10 μm size areas of similar values, as opposed to 100 nm scale variations, often reported for InGaN QWs. The near-field PL spectra were found to broaden with increasing InN molar fraction. In the low In content QWs, the broadening is primarily determined by the random cation distribution, while for larger InN molar fractions 10 nm scale localization sites with increasingly deeper band potentials are suggested as the linewidth broadening cause.
A 16-bit sigma-delta ADC applied in micro-machined inertial sensor
Authors: Qiang Li , Xiaowei Liu
Published: January 2015

This paper presents a low-distortion sigma-delta (Σ-Δ) ADC for micro-machined inertial sensors. The design adopts a single-loop, fourth-order low-pass single-bit modulator with feedforward paths which can ensure the signal transfer lossless and reduce the nonlinearity and power consumption. The chip is manufactured in standard 0.5µm CMOS process, and the area is 2.2mm2. The ADC achieves 108dB signal to noise ratio (SNR) and 110dB dynamic range (DR). Total power consumption is less than 15mW with 5V supply.
Surface plasmon polariton assisted optical switching in noble bimetallic nanoparticle system
Authors: Dhara Sandip , Lu C.-Y. , Magudapathy P. , Huang Y.-F. , Tu W.-S. , Chen K.-H.
Published: January 2015

Photoresponse of bimetallic Au-Ag nanoparticle embedded soda glass (Au-Ag@SG) substrate is reported for surface plasmon assisted optical switching using 808 nm excitation. Au-Ag@SG system is made by an ion beam technique where Ag+ is introduced first in the soda glass matrix by ion exchange technique. Subsequently, 400 keV Au+ is implanted in the sample for different fluences, which is followed by an ion beam annealing process using 1 MeV Si+ at a fixed fluence of 2 × 1016 ions·cm−2. Characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks around 400 and 550 nm provided evidence for the presence of Au and Ag nanoparticles. An optical switching in the Au-Ag@SG system with 808 nm, which is away from the characteristic SPR peaks of Ag and Au nanoparticles, suggests the possible role of two photon absorption (TPA) owing to the presence of interacting electric dipole in these systems. The role of surface plasmon polariton is emphasized for the propagation of electronic carrier belonging to the conduction electron of Au-Ag system in understanding the observed photoresponse. Unique excitation dependent photoresponse measurements confirm the possible role of TPA process. A competitive interband and intraband transitions in the bimetallic system of Au and Ag, which may be primarily responsible for the observation, are validated qualitatively using finite difference time domain calculations where inter-particle separation of Au and Ag plays an important role. Thus, a smart way of optical switching can be envisaged in noble bimetallic nanocluster system where long wavelength with higher skin depth can be used for communication purpose.
Improving the sensitivity of a near-infrared nanocomposite photodetector by enhancing trap induced hole injection
Authors: Shen Liang , Fang Yanjun , Dong Qingfeng , Xiao Zhengguo , Huang Jinsong
Published: January 2015

We report the enhancement of the photoconductive gain of nanocomposite near-infrared photodetectors by a zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) rich surface at the nanocomposite/cathode interface. An argon plasma etching process was used to remove polymer at the surface of nanocomposite films, which resulted in a ZnO NPs rich surface. The other way is to spin-coat a thin layer of ZnO NPs onto the nanocomposite layer. The ZnO NPs rich surface, which acts as electron traps to induce secondary hole injection under reverse bias, increased hole injection, and thus the external quantum efficiency by 2–3 times. The darkcurrent declined one order of magnitude simultaneously as a result of etching the top nanocomposite layer. The specific detectivity at 800 nm was increased by 7.4 times to 1.11 × 1010 Jones due to the simultaneously suppressed noise and enhanced gain.
Realizing tunable molecular thermal devices based on photoisomerism—Is it possible?
Authors: Ranganathan Raghavan , Sasikumar Kiran , Keblinski Pawel
Published: January 2015

In this work, we address the question if it is possible to tune the thermal conductance through photoisomerism-capable molecular junctions. Using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, we study heat flow due to phonons between two silicon leads connected via two classes of photoisomeric molecules—(a) azobenzene and (b) Spiropyran (SP)–Merocyanine (MC) isomers. For the case of azobenzene, isomeric states with different conformations are realized via mechanical strain, while in the case of SP-MC, via a hybridization change. Based on the phononic contribution to thermal conductance, we observe that the thermal conductance of both junctions is rather insensitive to the isomeric state, thereby rendering the tunability of molecular thermal devices rather difficult. Consistent with these observations, the vibrational density of states for different configurations yields very similar spectra. We note that including the effect of electronic contribution to thermal conductance could enhance the tunability of thermal properties, albeit weakly.
Chemical forms of cadmium in a calcareous soil treated with different levels of phosphorus-containing acidifying agents
Authors: Wu Chunfa , Yan Shihong , Zhang Haibo , Luo Yongming
Published: January 2015

Calcareous soils with high background cadmium (Cd) levels are widely distributed in south-west China and soil acidity is a major environmental problem. However, little effort has been made to study the changes in chemical speciation as affected by soil acidification other than by acidic rain. In the present study, we investigated the impact of mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP) and phosphoric acid on soil pH and chemical transformation of Cd in calcareous soils. Calcareous soils collected from south-west China were treated with three concentrations (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mol kg–1 soil) of MAP and phosphoric acid, and without the addition of acidifying agent, before being incubated at 25 ± 2°C near field capacity moisture content for 60 days. The chemical forms of Cd in the soils were determined by the Tessier sequential extraction scheme. The concentration of Cd in the form bound to iron and manganese oxides (CdFeOx+MnOy) decreased significantly with increasing levels of the two acidifying agents, but the concentration of exchangeable Cd (CdEx) exhibited a significant increase, indicating that the two acidifying agents can effectively promote the transformation of CdFeOx+MnOy to CdEx. MAP may promote the same amount of CdFeOx+MnOy to CdEx as phosphoric acid at the same rate of addition, but the soil pH clearly differed, implying that an increase in water-soluble P with addition of acidifying agent may be one major factor affecting the chemical transformation of Cd. MAP and phosphoric acid should be used carefully as sources of water-soluble phosphorus for calcareous soils with high background concentrations of Cd.
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Cu antibody-targeting of the T-cell receptor and subsequent internalization enables in vivo tracking of lymphocytes by PET
Authors: Griessinger Christoph M. , Maurer Andreas , Kesenheimer Christian , Kehlbach Rainer , Reischl Gerald , Ehrlichmann Walter , Bukala Daniel , Harant Maren , Cay Funda , Brück Jürgen , Nordin Renate , Kohlhofer Ursula , Rammensee Hans-Georg , Quintanilla-Martinez Leticia , Schaller Martin , Röcken Martin , Pichler Bernd J. , Kneilling Manfred
Published: January 2015

Significance

Noninvasive tracking of T cells is an important method to reveal basic mechanisms of T-cell–based immunotherapies. Herein, to our knowledge we show for the first time that intracellular labeling of mouse lymphocytes for in vivo PET can be achieved by targeting membranous T-cell receptors with specific
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Cu-coupled antibodies because of a continuous plasma membrane turnover. This direct-labeling method provides impressive advantages compared with common radioactive labeling methods, like [
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Cu]PTSM or [
111
In]oxin, with regard to minimized influences on the target cells, while providing a high labeling stability and contrast. Thus, in noninvasive in vivo cell-tracking PET studies, we could follow the specific homing of T cells into inflamed tissues. Consequently, this method is easily transferable to other immune cell populations.
Structural Complexity Influences Littoral Coarse Woody Habitat Selection by Juvenile Muskellunge
Authors: Wagner Curtis P. , Weber Michael J. , Wahl David H.
Published: January 2015

Coarse woody habitat (CWH) is an important feature of aquatic systems, offering foraging opportunities, refuge from predation, and spawning habitat. Fish abundance and diversity have been positively correlated with the density of CWH in aquatic systems through manipulative or laboratory experiments; however, less is known about how structural complexity of individual CWH units influences fish use. To explore how fish relate to a gradient of available CWH complexities in a field environment, we evaluated selection of CWH complexities by stocked, juvenile Muskellunge Esox masquinongy in Forbes Lake, Illinois, using radiotelemetry. Most (86%) CWH in Forbes Lake was simplistic, consisting of a single trunk with no or few primary branches, whereas only 9% of the CWH was structurally complex, possessing most or all primary and secondary branches. Muskellunge used all available CWH complexities but selected for intermediate complexity, even though that represented only 5% of the available habitat; all other CWH complexity classes either were used in proportion to abundance or were avoided. Selection by Muskellunge of intermediate CWH complexity may represent trade-offs among prey availability, predator foraging efficiency, and refuge from predation. As impounded reservoirs across the Muskellunge range continue to age and lose habitat complexity, managers engaged in habitat restoration should consider the potential effects of CWH complexity on fish use.

Received July 5, 2013; accepted August 27, 2014
Use of Penicillin and Streptomycin to Reduce Spread of Bacterial Coldwater Disease I: Antibiotics in Sperm Extenders
Authors: Oplinger Randall W. , Wagner Eric J.
Published: January 2015

Bacterial coldwater disease caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum has led to the loss of significant numbers of hatchery-reared salmonids. The bacteria can be spread from parent to progeny within contaminated sperm and ovarian fluid. Methods for disinfecting ovarian fluid and unfertilized eggs are available, but methods for disinfecting sperm have not been described. In this study we determined whether sperm extenders containing a mixture of penicillin and streptomycin can be used to eliminate F. psychrophilum. In vitro trials demonstrated that when Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss sperm is mixed with an extender, a 15-min exposure to 0.197 mg penicillin plus 0.313 mg/mL streptomycin is effective at killing the bacteria and has no effect on sperm motility. Small-scale trials showed that egg fertilization rates were not reduced when sperm held in an extender solution containing the same antibiotic mixture for 15 min was used to fertilize eggs. Production-scale trials, however, showed a roughly 18% decrease in egg fertilization rate when sperm stored in an antibiotic containing extender was used. To determine why a reduction in fertilization capacity was observed, a small-scale experiment testing the fertilization of eggs with larger quantities of sperm was performed and showed that increasing the volume of sperm used did not increase fertilization rates. Our results demonstrate that extenders containing penicillin and streptomycin can be used to disinfect sperm, especially when small quantities of eggs are fertilized, but factors negatively affecting egg fertilization and survival on a production scale still need further investigation.

Received May 1, 2014; accepted August 10, 2014
Gift of education: Joseph Kamiru Gikubu and the development of Kenyan youth education from 1957 to the present
Authors: Ojiambo Peter Otiato
Published: January 2015

Although individuals shape history they are also shaped by history. Their biographical studies illuminate complex dialectical, social, cultural, political, and economic contexts of their communities, their challenges, and future prospects. To effectively understand the historical forces that have shaped the growth of Kenyan youth education, an examination of individual educators who have contributed to it is vital. An in-depth study of such individuals illuminates specific contexts that have been significant to the process. It is in this regard that this article examines the role of Joseph Gikubu in the growth of Kenyan youth education in both colonial and post-colonial periods. But why do we need to appraise Gikubu’s role in the development of Kenyan youth education? This article is cognizant of the fact that Gikubu is an important figure to students of Kenyan education history. It argues that as the longest serving Kenyan educator, for 55 years he has played an active role in shaping its youth education. Specifically, the article analyses Gikubu’s involvement in Kenyan youth education through his works in juvenile rehabilitation programmes of Manyani and Wamumu, youth clubs, Othaya School and Starehe Boys Centre and School, and his insights on educational leadership.
A Scottish Anti-Catholic Satire Crossing the Border: ‘Ane bull of our haly fader the paip, quhairby it is leesum to everie man to haif tua wyffis’ and the Redeswyre Raid of 1575
Authors: Blakeway Amy
Published: January 2015

The significance of political commentary and satire in Scotland in the aftermath of Mary, Queen of Scots’s deposition and during the minority of James VI is gradually receiving scholarly recognition. Many examples survive in the English state papers, but few survive in Scottish archives and even fewer date from after the end of the Marian Civil wars (May 1573). This article considers a hitherto unknown piece of anti-Catholic satire. Taking the form of a fake papal Bull, the piece opens by bemoaning the woeful state of Catholicism in the face of Protestant incursion, and provides a solution in the form of a dispensation allowing Catholic men to take two wives. On the first reading, this constitutes an amusing critique of the sexual morality of Catholics. However, a reference to the St Bartholomew’s Day massacre reminds readers that the Catholic threat from the continent remained palpable. The accompanying cover note allows the Bull to be dated to circa August 1575, a point when Anglo-Scottish tension was high following the Raid of Redeswyre. Circulated amongst pro-English Scots, including former spies, negotiating with England following the Raid, this satire not only commented upon, but potentially also tried to direct, contemporary politics, at a critical juncture for Anglo-Scottish Protestant solidarity.