bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adverse Events Associated with Antipsychotic Use in Hospitalized Older Adults After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Kim Dae H. , Huybrechts Krista F. , Patorno Elisabetta , Marcantonio Edward R. , Park Yoonyoung , Levin Raisa , Abdurrob Abdurrahman , Bateman Brian T.
Published: February 2017

Objectives

To evaluate in‐hospital adverse events associated with typical and atypical antipsychotic medications (APMs) after cardiac surgery.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Nationwide inpatient database, 2003 to 14.

Participants

Individuals (mean age 70) newly treated with oral atypical (n = 2,580) or typical (n = 1,126 APMs) after coronary artery bypass grafting or valve surgery (N = 3,706).

Measurements

In‐hospital mortality, arrhythmia, pneumonia, use of brain imaging (surrogate for oversedation and neurological events), and length of stay after drug initiation

Results

In the propensity score–matched cohort, median treatment duration was 3 days (interquartile range (IQR) 1–6 days) for atypical APMs and 2 days (IQR 1–3 days) for typical APMs. There were no large differences in in‐hospital mortality (atypical 5.4%, typical 5.3%; risk difference (RD) = 0.1%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −2.1 to 2.3%), arrhythmia (2.0% vs 2.2%; RD = 0.0%; 95% CI = −1.4 to 1.4%), pneumonia (16.1% vs 14.5%; RD = 1.6%, 95% CI = −1.9 to 5.0%), and length of stay (9.9 days vs 9.3 days; mean difference = 0.5 days, 95% CI = −1.2 to 2.2). Use of brain imaging was more common after initiating atypical APMs (17.3%) than after typical APMs (12.4%; RD = 4.9%, 95% CI = 1.4–8.4).

Conclusion

In hospitalized individuals who underwent cardiac surgery, short‐term use of typical APMs was associated with risks of adverse events similar to those with atypical APMs. Moreover, greater use of brain imaging associated with atypical APMs suggests that these drugs may cause oversedation or adverse neurological events. Because of the low event rates, the analysis could not exclude modest differences in adverse events between atypical and typical APMs.
Child Life Specialists’ Evaluation of Hospital Playroom Design: A Mixed Method Inquiry
Authors: Weinberger Nanci , Butler Allison G. , McGee Beth , Schumacher Phyllis A. , Brown Ryan Linn
Published: February 2017

This study uses the expertise of child life specialists to identify which elements support child life goals for hospitalized children. This study can be used to inform those interested in the optimal design of hospital playrooms. Ninety child life specialists were surveyed using a photograph methodology showing five actual child life playrooms from different hospitals. The participants were asked the following: rate each playroom on 14 dimensions; describe what was liked best about each playroom; and finally, rank order the playrooms based on their ability to support child life goals. Findings show that child life specialists were able to detect fine distinctions among hospital playrooms; thus, highlighting the important role that child life specialists can play in the design or modification of these spaces. Notably, using both Likert ratings and open–response questions, the value of biophilia in child life play spaces, specifically windows, light, and nature themes were revealed. In addition to biophilic attributes, the playrooms rated most favorably were those that contain pleasing color and décor and plenty of open space. Playrooms that promote sensory–motor and pretend play were also preferred.
Bacterial translocation in critical illness
Authors: Krentz T. , Allen S.
Published: February 2017

Bacterial translocation involves the passage of intestinal bacteria to extraintestinal sites and has been shown to increase morbidity and mortality in critical illness. This review outlines the pathophysiology of bacterial translocation, host defence mechanisms, and reviews the evidence for the clinical management of critically ill patients in order to minimise the negative outcomes associated with bacterial translocation.
Antimicrobial use Guidelines for Treatment of Respiratory Tract Disease in Dogs and Cats: Antimicrobial Guidelines Working Group of the International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Diseases
Authors: Lappin M.R. , Blondeau J. , Boothe D. , Breitschwerdt E.B. , Guardabassi L. , Lloyd D.H. , Papich M.G. , Rankin S.C. , Sykes J.E. , Turnidge J. , Weese J.S.
Published: February 2017

Respiratory tract disease can be associated with primary or secondary bacterial infections in dogs and cats and is a common reason for use and potential misuse, improper use, and overuse of antimicrobials. There is a lack of comprehensive treatment guidelines such as those that are available for human medicine. Accordingly, the International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Diseases convened a Working Group of clinical microbiologists, pharmacologists, and internists to share experiences, examine scientific data, review clinical trials, and develop these guidelines to assist veterinarians in making antimicrobial treatment choices for use in the management of bacterial respiratory diseases in dogs and cats.
Association of Vitamin D Metabolites with Parathyroid Hormone, Fibroblast Growth Factor‐23, Calcium, and Phosphorus in Dogs with Various Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Parker V.J. , Harjes L.M. , Dembek K. , Young G.S. , Chew D.J. , Toribio R.E.
Published: February 2017

Background

Hypovitaminosis D is associated with progression of renal disease, development of renal secondary hyperparathyroidism (RHPT), chronic kidney disease‐mineral bone disorder (CKD‐MBD), and increased mortality in people with CKD. Despite what is known regarding vitamin D dysregulation in humans with CKD, little is known about vitamin D metabolism in dogs with CKD.

Objectives

The purpose of our study was to further elucidate vitamin D status in dogs with different stages of CKD and to relate it to factors that affect the development of CKD‐MBD, including parathyroid hormone (PTH), fibroblast growth factor‐23 (FGF‐23), calcium, and phosphorus concentrations.

Methods

Thirty‐seven dogs with naturally occurring CKD were compared to 10 healthy dogs. Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], and 24,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25(OH)2D], and PTH and FGF‐23 concentrations were measured. Their association with serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations and IRIS stage was determined.

Results

Compared to healthy dogs, all vitamin D metabolite concentrations were significantly lower in dogs with International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stages 3 and 4 CKD (r[creatinine]: −0.49 to −0.60;P< .05) but not different in dogs with stages 1 and 2 CKD. All vitamin D metabolites were negatively correlated with PTH, FGF‐23, and phosphorus concentrations (r: −0.39 to −0.64;P< .01).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

CKD in dogs is associated with decreases in all vitamin D metabolites evaluated suggesting that multiple mechanisms, in addition to decreased renal mass, affect their metabolism. This information could have prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Efficacy of a Probiotic‐Prebiotic Supplement on Incidence of Diarrhea in a Dog Shelter: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial
Authors: Rose L. , Rose J. , Gosling S. , Holmes M.
Published: February 2017

Background

Diarrhea is the most frequent morbidity affecting kenneled dogs in animal shelters. Diarrhea impacts animal welfare and the finances of the shelter as they must treat, clean, and house affected animals until recovered.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Supplementing dogs entering an animal shelter with a probiotic‐prebiotic, known as a synbiotic, will decrease the incidence of diarrhea.

Animals

Seven hundred and seventy‐three dogs entering an animal shelter in the United Kingdom.

Methods

A prospective double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial.

Results

Statistical difference was found between the groups across 3 measures of diarrhea incidence. First, the mean percentage of scored days per dog that were scored as diarrhea throughout their stay was 2.0% in the synbiotic group and 3.2% in the placebo group (P = .0022). Second, the occurrence of diarrhea within the first 14 days' stay was 18.8% in the synbiotic product group and 27.2% in the placebo group (P = .0008). Third, the occurrence of ≥2 consecutive days of diarrhea within the first 14 days' stay was 4.6% in the synbiotic product group and 8.0% in the placebo group (P = .0300).

Conclusions and clinical importance

Supplementing healthy dogs entering an animal shelter with a synbiotic supplement significantly decreased the incidence of diarrhea in this trial. Animal shelters can use synbiotic supplements to improve animal welfare and decrease costs involved in cleaning and housing animals as well as potentially decreasing veterinary intervention.
Variation in vernal species composition in alluvial forests of the Rhine valley, eastern France
Authors: Annik Schnitzler , Roland Carbiener , José-Miguel Sanchez-Perez
Published: February 2017

Patterns of vernal synusiae in alluvial forests of the upper Rhine valley were analysed phytosociologically. Five synusial types were described. Environmental factors included in the analysis were spring water level, texture, trophic status and soil reaction. A separate environmental study was undertaken in pure stands of six competitive geophytes in the most fertile habitats. In a laboratory experiment effects of water stress and interspecific competition were studied for three competitive geophytes.

The vernal species can be grouped into eight groups with respect to species position along the environmental gradients occurring in the floodplain. These groups can be used for bioindication.
Policing Social Marginality: Contrasting Approaches
Authors: Herbert Steve , Beckett Katherine , Stuart Forrest
Published: February 2017

Urban police officers concentrate much attention on individuals who experience various forms of inequality. Some police tactics that address the socially marginal garner public concern, especially when violence occurs. Solutions to such police-community tensions are elusive, in part because police cannot meaningfully reduce inequality. Yet there are better and worse ways to police the impoverished, and we use this article to contrast three general approaches: aggressive patrol, coercive benevolence, and officer-assisted harm reduction. We contrast their operating logics and their implications for police practice and tactics. We find great merit in officer-assisted harm reduction, which is a nascent effort. Pioneered in Seattle, it helps to reorient police culture and practice and enables efforts to address some of the challenges facing many impoverished individuals. Although its widespread adoption will not eliminate police-community tension in poor communities, it is superior to other alternatives, and thus deserves replication.
Geochemical evidence of an extraterrestrial component in impact melt breccia from the Paleoproterozoic Dhala impact structure, India
Authors: Pati Jayanta Kumar , Qu Wen Jun , Koeberl Christian , Reimold Wolf Uwe , Chakarvorty Munmun , Schmitt Ralf Thomas
Published: February 2017

The Paleoproterozoic Dhala structure with an estimated diameter of ~11 km is a confirmed complex impact structure located in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh in predominantly granitic basement (2.65 Ga), in the northwestern part of the Archean Bundelkhand craton. The target lithology is granitic in composition but includes a variety of meta‐supracrustal rock types. The impactites and target rocks are overlain by ~1.7 Ga sediments of the Dhala Group and the Vindhyan Supergroup. The area was cored in more than 70 locations and the subsurface lithology shows pseudotachylitic breccia, impact melt breccia, suevite, lithic breccias, and postimpact sediments. Despite extensive erosion, the Dhala structure is well preserved and displays nearly all the diagnostic microscopic shock metamorphic features. This study is aimed at identifying the presence of an impactor component in impact melt rock by analyzing the siderophile element concentrations and rhenium‐osmium isotopic compositions of four samples of impactites (three melt breccias and one lithic breccia) and two samples of target rock (a biotite granite and a mafic intrusive rock). The impact melt breccias are of granitic composition. In some samples, the siderophile elements and HREE enrichment observed are comparable to the target rock abundances. The Cr versus Ir concentrations indicate the probable admixture of approximately 0.3 wt.% of an extraterrestrial component to the impact melt breccia. The Re and Os abundances and the 187Os/188Os ratio of 0.133 of one melt breccia specimen confirm the presence of an extraterrestrial component, although the impactor type characterization still remains inconclusive.
Inheritance and mapping of resistance against Cowpea mild mottle virus strain D1 in soybean
Authors: Cheruku Deepika , Lal Sanjay K. , Talukdar Akshya , Mandal Bikash
Published: February 2017

Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) is an emerging severe disease of soybean. The resistant genotypes, DS 12‐5 and SL958, were crossed with susceptible genotypes F4C7‐32 and JS335, respectively. Resistance reactions of sap‐inoculated F2 plants and individual F2 plant‐derived F3 families indicated that resistance was controlled by a single dominant gene. Molecular mapping with bulked segregant analysis showed that Satt635 and UO8405 are linked to resistance gene which is located on linkage group H.
Admission of people with dementia to psychiatric hospitals in Japan: factors that can shorten their hospitalizations
Authors: Morikawa Takako , Maeda Kiyoshi , Osaki Tohmi , Kajita Hiroyuki , Yotsumoto Kayano , Kawamata Toshio
Published: February 2017

Aim

People exhibiting serious behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia are usually voluntarily or involuntarily committed to psychiatric hospitals for treatment. In Japan, the average hospital stay for individuals with dementia is about 2 years. Ideally, individuals should be discharged once their symptoms have subsided. However, we see cases in Japan where individuals remain institutionalized long after behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia are no longer apparent. This study will attempt to identify factors contributing to shorter stays in psychiatric hospitals for dementia patients.

Methods

Questionnaires consisting of 17 items were mailed to 121 psychiatric hospitals with dementia treatment wards in western Japan.

Results

Out of 121 hospitals that received the questionnaires, 45 hospitals returned them. The total number of new patient admissions at all 45 hospitals during the month of August 2014 was 1428, including 384 dementia patients (26.9%). The average length of stay in the dementia wards in August 2014 was 482.7 days. Our findings revealed that the rate of discharge after 2 months was 35.4% for the dementia wards. In addition, we found that the average stay in hospitals charging or planning to charge the rehabilitation fee to dementia patients was significantly shorter than in hospitals not charging the rehabilitation fee.

Conclusion

In Japan, dementia patients account for over 25% of new admissions to psychiatric hospitals with dementia wards. The average length of stay in a psychiatric hospital dementia ward is more than 1 year. A discharge after fewer than 2 months is exceedingly rare for those in a dementia ward compared with dementia patients in other wards. If institutions focus on rehabilitation, it may be possible to shorten the stay of dementia patients in psychiatric hospitals.
Incremental Hemodialysis – A European Perspective
Authors: Tangvoraphonkchai Kamonwan , Davenport Andrew
Published: February 2017

Most patients initiating hemodialysis have residual renal function (RRF). Whereas RRF is monitored prior to commencing hemodialysis, once dialysis is started most centres simply rely on dialyzer urea clearance to determine adequate uremic toxin clearance and disregard the effect of RRF. However sustaining RRF is important for the dialysis patient, as RRF reduces inter‐dialytic weight gains, increases middle molecule and protein bound toxin clearances and is associated with better quality of life assessments. Paradoxically, more frequent dialysis and longer dialysis sessions appear to be associated with more rapid loss of RRF. As such, starting patients with less frequent or shorter dialysis sessions, depending upon individual patient comorbidity, may lead to better preservation of RRF. However to prevent inadequate uremic toxin clearance or volume overload, RRF needs to be regularly monitored. Unfortunately, the 24‐hour urine collection for urea and creatinine clearance remains the mainstay for RRF assessment. This measurement chiefly represents glomerular clearance rather than tubular function, but the latter may be also important for the dialysis patients. Incremental dialysis with less initial dialysis treatment may lower costs and will allow others to dialyze more frequently. The key to start a successful incremental hemodialysis approach is the regular monitoring of the patient, so that as RRF is lost an appropriate decision can be made regarding increasing dialysis session duration and frequency on an individual patient basis or consider switching modalities to hemodiafiltration.
Whole‐body vibration training as a workplace‐based sports activity for employees with chronic low‐back pain
Authors: Kaeding T. S. , Karch A. , Schwarz R. , Flor T. , Wittke T.‐C. , Kück M. , Böselt G. , Tegtbur U. , Stein L.
Published: February 2017

The goal of this randomized and controlled study was to examine whether whole‐body vibration (WBV) training is able to reduce back pain and physical disability in seated working office employees with chronic low‐back pain in a real‐world setting. A total of 41 subjects (68.3% female/mean age 45.5±9.1 years/mean BMI 26.6±5.2) were randomly allocated to an intervention group (INT [n=21]) or a control group (CON [n=20]). The INT participated in WBV training 2.5 times per week for 3 months. The primary outcome was the change in the Roland and Morris disability questionnaire (RMQ) score over the study period. In addition, secondary outcomes included changes in the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), the Work Ability Index Questionnaire, the quality of life questionnaire SF‐36, the Freiburger activity questionnaire, and an isokinetic test of the musculature of the trunk. Compliance with the intervention in the INT reached a mean of 81.1%±31.2% with no long‐lasting unwanted side effects. We found significant positive effects of 3 months of WBV training in the INT compared to the CON regarding the RMQ (P=.027), the ODI (P=.002), the SF‐36 (P=.013), the Freiburger activity questionnaire (P=.022), the post‐interventional sick‐leave in the INT (P=.008), and trends regarding a positive effect of the intervention on the muscular capacity of the muscles of the trunk in flexion. WBV training seems to be an effective, safe, and suitable intervention for seated working employees with chronic low‐back pain.
Polarization, Number of Parties, and Voter Turnout: Explaining Turnout in 26 OECD Countries
Authors: Wilford Allan M.
Published: February 2017

Objectives

The objective of this study is to explore how party systems can affect turnout by exploring the conditional effect of number of parties and party polarization on democracies.

Methods

Using Comparative Manifesto Project data from 26 democracies, this study develops a measure of party systems that interacts party polarization and number of parties to explain turnout.

Results

Findings show that the composition of the party system as a whole is a key determinate of a voter's propensity to vote. Highly polarized systems with few parties spur individuals to vote, while low levels of polarization and many parties reduce incentives to vote.

Conclusions

Results have important implications for theories of turnout, resolving the confusion surrounding how party systems affect political participation.
Prevalence and correlates of antibiotic sharing in the Philippines: antibiotic misconceptions and community‐level access to non‐medical sources of antibiotics
Authors: Barber Daniel A. , Casquejo Efren , Ybañez Purita L. , Pinote Magdaleno T. , Casquejo Luz , Pinote Lucia S. , Estorgio Magdalena , Young April M.
Published: February 2017

Objective

To identify sociodemographic, knowledge and attitudinal correlates to antibiotic sharing among a community‐based sample of adults (age 18 and older) in a low‐income setting of the Philippines and to explore community‐level data on informal antibiotic distribution in roadside stands (i.e., sari‐sari stands).

Methods

Participants (n = 307) completed self‐administered surveys. Correlates to antibiotic sharing were assessed using logistic regression with Firth's bias‐adjusted estimates. Study staff also visited 106 roadside stands and collected data on availability and characteristics of antibiotics in the stands.

Results

78% had shared antibiotics in their lifetime, most often with family members. In multivariable analysis, agreement with the belief that it is safe to prematurely stop an antibiotic course (OR: 2.8, CI: 1.3–5.8) and concerns about antibiotic side effects (OR: 2.1, CI: 1.1–4.4) were significantly associated with increased odds of reported antibiotic sharing. Antibiotic sharing was not associated with sociodemographic characteristics or antibiotic knowledge. Antibiotics were widely available in 60% of sampled sari‐sari stands, in which 59% of antibiotics were missing expiration dates. Amoxicillin and cephalexin were the most commonly available antibiotics for sale at the stands (60% and 21%, respectively).

Conclusions

Antibiotic sharing was common and was associated with misconceptions about proper antibiotic use. Antibiotics were widely available in sari‐sari stands, and usually without expiration information. This study suggests that multipronged and locally tailored approaches to curbing informal antibiotic access are needed in the Philippines and similar Southeast‐Asian countries.
A high‐resolution process‐based view of a red blood cell unit inventory using a process mining method
Authors: Cheng Calvino Ka‐Wing
Published: February 2017

View Supplementary Video.
A novel ultrasonographic assisted technique for desmotomy of the palmar/plantar annular ligament in horses
Authors: Espinosa Pablo , Nieto Jorge E. , Snyder Jack R. , Galuppo Larry D. , Katzman Scott A.
Published: February 2017

Objectives

To describe an ultrasound assisted technique for desmotomy of the palmar/plantar annular ligament (PAL), determine its efficacy and intraoperative complications.

Study design

Cadaveric and in vivo study.

Animals

Cadaveric limbs (n = 12), adult horses (n = 4), and clinical cases (n = 2).

Methods

Ultrasound assisted desmotomy of the palmar/plantar annular ligament (UAD‐PAL) was performed in cadaveric limbs and in standing horses with the operated limb placed in a distal limb splint. The procedure was performed under general anesthesia and was followed by tenoscopic examination in 2 clinical cases. A hook knife was developed for the procedure. Complete transection was assessed by postmortem dissection (10 forelimbs, 10 hindlimbs) and tenoscopic examination (1 forelimb, 1 hindlimb). Thickness of PAL, surgery time, other intraoperative parameters and complications associated with the procedure were recorded.

Results

Complete PAL transection was accomplished in 20/22 limbs. No iatrogenic damage to adjacent intrathecal structures was identified in any case. The instrument was correctly positioned on the first attempt in 19/22 cases. The most common intraoperative complication was inadvertent subcutaneous placement of the instrument (n = 2). Significant thickening of the PAL (3 mm) was present in 1/2 limbs in which complete transection was not achieved.

Conclusions

UAD‐PAL with the custom‐made hook knife was effective at transecting the PAL with minimal intraoperative complications. The procedure can be performed in standing sedated horses. Another method should be considered in horses with thickened PAL.
Acuerdo intercalificadores intragrupo en el Test Gestáltico Visomotor de Bender, segunda versión (Bender - II)
Authors: Merino Soto César , Allen Ryan , Decker Scott
Published: February 2017

La presente investigación evalúa el acuerdo intercalificadores del Test Gestáltico Visomotor de Bender, segunda versión (Bender - II). Esta nueva versión ha mostrado propiedades psicométricas satisfactorias en la muestra de estandarización y en posteriores estudios anglosajones, pero no hay referencias sobre sus propiedades en población hispanos. Los participantes de este estudio fueron 173 niños preescolares entre cuatro y cinco años de edad; los calificadores fueron estudiantes de psicología. Para evaluar la consistencia y el acuerdo entre los calificadores, se aplicaron coeficientes de correlación Pearson, así como correlaciones intraclase (modelo 2). Se calcularon estos coeficientes para la muestra total y para el grupo superior e inferior de rendimiento visomotor, aplicando un ajuste por restricción del rango. Los resultados indican elevadas confiabilidades y acuerdo entre calificadores en la muestra total; pero en los grupos inferior y superior de rendimiento, estos fueron variables y algunos bajos, interaccionando con la edad. Estos resultados ocurrieron para los puntajes de “copia” y de “recuerdo”. Se discute el efecto de la variabilidad entre calificadores, especialmente su impacto en las decisiones clínicas sobre desempeños bajos y altos.
ADAPTACIÓN Y VALIDACIÓN DEL CUESTIONARIO SENTIMIENTO DE AUTOEFICACIA EN UNA MUESTRA DE PROFESORES CHILENOS
Authors: Covarrubias Apablaza Carmen Gloria , Mendoza Lira Michelle Celinda
Published: February 2017

Este trabajo tiene el propósito de exponer el proceso de adaptación y validación del cuestionario Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale (Tschannen-Moran y Woolfolk, 2001) en una muestra de 544 profesores chilenos. Para ello, se utilizó el procedimiento de traducción inversa. Por su parte, para la validez de constructo se aplicó, en primer lugar, la técnica estadística de análisis factorial exploratorio, la cual arrojó un factor más para la versión de tres factores del instrumento original. En segundo lugar, se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio que corroboró la solución de cuatro dimensiones con adecuados índices de ajuste. Finalmente, se analizó la consistencia interna a través del coeficiente de Alpha de Cronbach, evidenciando índices satisfactorios tanto en cada uno de los factores como en la totalidad del instrumento. Todos estos hallazgos permiten afirmar que la versión adaptada del cuestionario es válida, fiable y explicativa de la Teoría de Autoeficacia para la realidad de los docentes chilenos.
Brief Resilience Scale: testing its factorial structure and invariance in Brazil
Authors: Lins de Holanda Coelho Gabriel , H. P. Hanel Paul , Medeiros Cavalcanti Thiago , Teixeira Rezende Alessandro , Veloso Gouveia Valdiney
Published: February 2017

Across two studies we aimed to provide evidences of validity and reliability for the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) in Brazil. In study 1, 171 individuals participated (Age M = 21.9, SD = 6.59) and 232 in Study 2 (Age M = 26.3, SD = 7.06). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the predicted
one-factor solution, with five items and satisfactory internal consistence (α= 0.76). A multi-group CFA revealed partial measurement equivalence between our and the original (USA) versions of the BRS. The BRS correlated significant with positivity and personality traits. The composite reliability was satisfying; the convergent validity, measured with the average variance extracted, was slightly below the recommendations. Overall, the results show that the measure is psychometrically suitable for research in Brazil.
Compromiso y gestión humana en la empresa
Authors: Cuesta Santos Armando
Published: February 2017

Es un constructo relevante el sentido de compromiso, en el ámbito de la gestión humana (GH) en la empresa. Se constituye en problema la medición del sentido de compromiso, en especial en su vinculo con el alto desempeño en el contexto de esa gestión. Fue objetivo de la investigación realizada medir ese constructo, para insertarle en el accionar de la gestión humana en la empresa. Los métodos utilizados fueron la encuesta, la modelación matemática y la correlación estadística. Como resultados se obtuvieron modelos matemáticos utilizados para procesar la aplicación de instrumentos con sustentación teórica relativa al constructo estudiado, así como su validación para las peculiaridades socioculturales de los empleados de empresas cubanas, junto a su inserción conceptual en el accionar de la GH para su planificación y control de gestión estratégica.
Edad de inicio en el consumo, motivos y cantidad de alcohol en la determinación de consecuencias en consumidores intensivos universitarios.
Authors: Motos Sellés Patricia , Cortés Tomás María Teresa , Giménez Costa Jose Antonio
Published: February 2017

Las implicaciones clínicas y sociales derivadas del consumo intensivo de alcohol (CIA) en universitarios motivan la necesidad de analizar los factores que favorecen su aparición. Este estudio evalúa cómo influye la cantidad de alcohol ingerido, la edad de inicio en el consumo de esta sustancia y los motivos asociados a esta conducta en la presencia de un mayor o menor número de consecuencias psicosociales. 312 estudiantes de primero de la Universidad de Valencia que realizan CIA cumplimentaron el instrumento IECI (Cortés et al., 2012): autoregistro de consumo, motivos asociados a esta ingesta y consecuencias psicosociales derivadas. Se confirman resultados de investigaciones precedentes. Ambos sexos duplican los gramos de alcohol que definen un CIA. Aparecen diferencias en los efectos esperados en función del sexo, así como en la edad de inicio en el consumo y en el número de consecuencias experimentadas. Los análisis de regresión de orden jerárquico muestran la importancia de la edad de inicio y los motivos, por encima de los gramos consumidos, para dar cuenta del deterioro psicosocial generado por la ingesta. Esto apoya la necesidad de atender a la combinación de variables en la explicación y posterior intervención para paliar las consecuencias derivadas del CIA.
Inteligencia emocional y percepción de las emociones básicas como un probable factor contribuyente al mejoramiento del rendimiento en las ventas: Una investigación teórica
Authors: Polo Vargas Jean David , Zambrano Curcio Milton Jose , Muñoz Alvis Andres , Velilla Guardela Jorge Luis
Published: February 2017

La inteligencia emocional es uno de los conceptos que ha empezado a transformar el mundo empresarial gracias a los avances en el reconocimiento y el manejo de las emociones. Este es un campo que permitirá la elaboración de estrategias para robustecer los procesos de desarrollo organizacional. El presente artículo de investigación bibliográfica, sistematiza y aporta a la producción científica sobre el concepto de inteligencia emocional y sus potenciales aplicaciones al proceso de ventas. El objetivo de este estudio fue el de conceptualizar acerca del rol que puede jugar la percepción de los distintos estados emocionales en el proceso de ventas y cómo esto puede ayudar a mejorar el rendimiento empresarial.
Perfiles de escuelas rurales exitosas: Una propuesta de la psicología educacional ante el cierre de escuelas
Authors: Vera-Bachmann Daniela , Salvo Sonia
Published: February 2017

La política pública chilena ha optado por materializar el cierre de escuelas rurales argumentando su baja calidad educativa. Esto ha traído una serie de consecuencias para la comunidad en la que se inserta la escuela. Una forma de revertir esta situación, es mejorando la calidad educativa, para lo cual se identificaron y caracterizaron perfiles de escuelas rurales de alto rendimiento académico según sus resultados en la prueba SIMCE 2011. Se utilizó un análisis multivariado, que incluyó análisis por componentes principales y el método de clasification and regression trees. Los resultados evidenciaron dos perfiles de escuelas rurales exitosas, cuyas principales características se relacionan con la disciplina y la percepción de autoeficacia del estudiante. Estos factores se presentan como importantes elementos a potenciar en los planes de mejoramiento educativo, como alternativa al cierre de escuelas.
¿Qué piensan los profesores sobre los niños con talento académico? Una aproximación a las concepciones de profesores de segundo ciclo de educación básica en Chile
Authors: Cabrera-Murcia Elsa Piedad , Udaquiola Cecilia
Published: February 2017

Este artículo describe las concepciones de trece profesores de segundo ciclo de educación básica, de tres colegios de la Región Metropolitana de Chile, en torno a los estudiantes con talento académico y su educación. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa enmarcada en los principios de la Grounded Theory, y se recolectaron los datos a partir de la aplicación de dilemas y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los resultados muestran el desarrollo cognitivo, social y emocional como marcadores distintivos en niños con talento; el origen del talento como factor determinante; la graduación del talento como factor diferenciador; los ambientes enriquecidos como factores potenciadores del talento, y el reconocimiento de un sistema educativo que homogeniza la educación y no reconoce las diferencias. El análisis relacional destaca tres fenómenos que ponen en evidencia una concepción más contemporánea del talento académico: el reconocimiento de niños con talento académico en el aula, el rol del profesor en el desarrollo y potenciación del talento académico y la educación como una oportunidad de movilidad social. Para concluir, se reafirma la necesidad de considerar concepciones menos tradicionales, así como la posibilidad de generar instancias formativas en las que la educación de niños con talento sea responsabilidad de todos los profesores. Asimismo, se señala cómo las limitaciones de este estudio
dan apertura a nuevas líneas de indagación.
Propiedades psicométricas del Stroop, test de colores y palabras en población colombiana no patológica
Authors: Rodríguez Barreto Lucía Carlota , Pineda Roa Carlos Alejandro , Pulido Ninfa Del Carmen
Published: February 2017

El objetivo del presente artículo es revisar las propiedades psicométricas del Stroop, test de colores y palabras de Golden (2007) en población colombiana no clínica. 1332 participantes, 561 varones (42.1%) y 771 mujeres (57.9%) entre 7 y 80 años de edad, (M= 29.80 DE= 17.95). agrupados en los rangos de edad de 16 a 44 años (48.5%), 7 a 15 (28.1%), 45 a 64 (18.1%) y 65 a 80 (5.2 %). La confiabilidad fue evaluada utilizando test-retest a través del coeficiente de correlación intraclase con IC al 95% con diferencia de diez minutos entre las dos aplicaciones. La validez de constructo fue medida mediante el Análisis de componentes principales ACP. La validez convergente fue calculada a través de r de Pearson entre las subescalas de Stroop y el TMT-B. El Análisis paralelo de horn y el ACP arrojaron evidencia de tres componentes que explican el 86.84% de la varianza. Las correlaciones r de Pearson, el Stroop y TMT-B fueron significativas a 0.01 con valores de -0.41 para P; -0.35 para C; de -0.40 para PC, y de -0.14 para interferencia. La confiabilidad encontrada fue superior a 0.70 en todas las láminas del Stroop. La validez discriminante no halló diferencias entre hombres y mujeres, pero si para edad, estrato y escolaridad. Las medias y desviaciones estándar en la población colombiana fueron inferiores en todas las escalas a la versión española, lo que puede ser explicado por diferencias culturales importantes. Los resultados permiten afirmar que el Stroop es válido y confiable para diversos grupos etarios de poblaciones no patológicas en Colombia.
Tutoría entre Iguales y Comprensión Lectora: ¿Un Tándem Eficaz?
Authors: Flores Coll Marta
Published: February 2017

Dada la relevancia de la lectura y la necesidad de encontrar formas complementarias para su enseñanza, el artículo investiga los cambios sobre la comprensión lectora durante la implementación de un programa basado en la tutoría entre iguales (Leemos en pareja) y los mecanismos causantes de dichos cambios. Se opta por la combinación de un diseño cuasiexperimental y una aproximación cualitativa, para identificar los cambios producidos y las actuaciones responsables de dichos cambios. Los resultados indican avances significativos en la comprensión lectora. El análisis del proceso muestra que las mejoras se producen gracias a la utilización de estrategias lectoras y de ayudas andamiadas ofrecidas por los alumnos tutores. Como conclusión se sostiene que las prácticas de tutoría entre iguales pueden haber contribuido decisivamente en la mejora de la comprensión lectora.
Validez Inicial de una Escala de Medición del Capital Intelectual en Universidades
Authors: Mercado-Salgado Patricia , Gil-Monte Pedro , Cernas Ortiz Daniel Arturo
Published: February 2017

Problema: La dificultad para medir el capital intelectual en universidades latinoamericanas acentúa su poco interés, a pesar de su relevancia en la economía del conocimiento. Objetivo: Construir y validar una escala de medición del capital intelectual de universidades a partir de la Teoría de Recursos y Capacidades y un modelo de tres componentes (capital humano, capital estructural y capital relacional). Método: Esta escala la elaboró un grupo de expertos utilizando análisis de contenido. La prueba empírica fue con una muestra de conveniencia (n=742) de académicos, mandos medios y directivos de universidades mexicanas. Resultados y conclusiones: Con el análisis factorial exploratorio se detectaron cuatro factores (capital humano, capital estructural, capital relacional y capital tecnológico) que explican 66.74% de varianza. El Alpha de Crobach fue mayor a .85. Se concluyen avances en la calidad métrica y estabilidad; queda en el tintero replicar el estudio para generar modelos de medida y estructural.
Palabras clave: capital intelectual, escala de medición, universidades. Código JEL: I2, M1
Do faces and body postures integrate similarly for distinct emotions, kinds of emotion and judgent dimensions?
Authors: Duarte Silva Ana , Oliveira Armando M.
Published: February 2017

Faces and bodies are typically seen together in most social interactions, rendering probable that facial and bodily expressions are perceived and eventually processed simultaneously. The methodology of Information Integration Theory and Functional Measurement was used here to address the following questions: Under what rules do facial and bodily information integrate in judgments over different dimensions of so-called basic and self-conscious emotions? How does relative importance of face and body vary across emotions and judgment dimensions? Does the relative importance of face and body afford a basis for distinguishing between basic and self-conscious emotions? Three basic (happiness, anger, sadness) and two social self-conscious emotions (shame and pride) were considered in this study. Manipulated factors were 3-D realistic facial expressions (varied across 5 levels of intensity) and synthetic 3-D realistic body postures (3 levels of intensity). Different groups of participants judged expressed intensity, valence, or arousal of the combined presentations of face and body, meaning that judgment dimension was varied between-subjects. With the exception of arousal judgments, averaging was the predominant integration rule. Relative importance of face and body was found to vary as a function of judgment dimension, specific emotions and, for judgments of arousal only, type of emotion (basic versus self-conscious).
Professional Development and Teacher Perceptions of Experiences Teaching Health-Related Fitness Knowledge
Authors: Hodges Michael , Kulinna Pamela Hodges , Lee Chong , Kwon Ja Youn
Published: February 2017

Students of all ages have documented a deficiency in health-related fitness knowledge (HRFK). However, improving students HRFK may require a change in teacher practices and professional development (PD).

Purpose:

This study, framed by Guskey’s Model of Teacher Change (GMTC; Guskey, 2002), sought to assist teachers’ HRFK instruction as part of their physical education curriculum and practices. Initially, researchers examined: (a) teachers’ perceptions of health-related fitness knowledge instruction, followed by, (b) selected teachers’ perceptions of the professional development (PD) methods and the approach to teaching HRFK.

Method:

Semistructured interviews were conducted among elementary physical education teachers’ (N = 9) in one suburban school district. A randomly selected smaller group of teachers (n = 5), had PD on Knowledge in Action Lesson Segments (KIALS), an approach to teaching HRFK. Teachers were asked to implement KIALS into their fifth grade physical education classes and interviewed two additional times.

Results:

Three themes emerged from the data: (a) HRFK is critical but I can’t get to it; (b) If you show it, they will implement it; and (c) Knowledge in Action gets the job done.

Conclusion:

PD procedures in this study and KIALS were seen as favorable. Results paralleled GMTC principles, as researchers confirmed quality PD, and observations of positive student outcomes further reinforced teachers’ beliefs. Teachers also expressed a willingness to continue using KIALS after the completion of this study, concluding achievement of the final fourth principal of the change process. Findings suggested that KIALS, if presented with similar PD will be well-received by teachers supporting their efforts to improve student HRFK outcomes.
Revisiting the National Physical Education Content Standards: What Do We Really Know About Our Achievement of the Physically Educated/Literate Person?
Authors: Hastie Peter A.
Published: February 2017

Purpose:

The purpose of this paper was to review the research literature in physical education to establish what is currently known about the extent to which the national outcome goals have been achieved.

Method:

Papers were selected through an initial search of the EBSCO database, with main identifiers included being physical education, physical activity, and physical fitness, combined with the descriptors that represented the key idea of each of the give content standards. Further journal articles were then obtained through the citations and references in the original documents.

Results:

While there is a dearth of results that directly accounts for the accomplishment of the standards, the research suggests that the expectations of performance, as outlined in the standards, are being realized by less than half of all students participating in physical education.

Discussion:

The discussion presents a model for moving research in the field forward, and suggests there is a need for descriptive studies which provide rich details of the contexts where highly effective, as well as sophisticated interventions whose goal is to produce significant change in selected student outcomes.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Strains of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Displaying Different Virulence in an Experimental Chicken Model
Authors: Ogunremi Dele , Blais Burton , Huang Hongsheng , Wang Linru , Elmufti Mohamed , Allain Ray , Hazelwood Jennifer , Grenier Chris , Amoako Kingsley , Savic Mirjana , Fattahi Ghazi Nashmil
Published: February 2017

Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium strains 22495 and 22792, obtained from wild birds, were found to display different virulence attributes in an experimental chicken model. Closed genome sequences were assembled after sequencing with the Roche 454 and Illumina MiSeq platforms. An additional plasmid was present in the more virulent strain 22495.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Arthrobacter
sp. Strain UCD-GKA (Phylum
Actinobacteria
)
Authors: Kincheloe Gregory N. , Eisen Jonathan A. , Coil David A.
Published: February 2017

Here we present the draft genome of
Arthrobacter
sp. strain UCD-GKA. The assembly contains 4,930,274 bp in 33 contigs. This strain was isolated from the handle of a weight bar in the UC Davis Activities and Recreation Center.
Draft Genome Sequence of Cystobacter ferrugineus Strain Cbfe23
Authors: Akbar Shukria , Dowd Scot E. , Stevens D. Cole
Published: February 2017

In an effort to explore myxobacterial natural product biosynthetic pathways, the draft genome sequence of
Cystobacter ferrugineus
strain Cbfe23 has been obtained. Analysis of the genome using antiSMASH suggests a multitude of unique natural product biosynthetic pathways. This genome will contribute to the investigation of secondary metabolism in other myxobacterial species.
Complete Genome Sequence of Edwardsiella hoshinae ATCC 35051
Authors: Reichley Stephen R. , Waldbieser Geoffrey C. , Lawrence Mark L. , Griffin Matt J.
Published: February 2017

Edwardsiella hoshinae
is a Gram-negative facultative anaerobe that has primarily been isolated from avians and reptiles. We report here the complete and annotated genome sequence of an isolate from a monitor lizard (
Varanus
sp.), which contains a chromosome of 3,811,650 bp and no plasmids.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Arcobacter
sp. Strain LFT 1.7 Isolated from Great Scallop (
Pecten maximus
) Larvae
Authors: Diéguez A. L. , Romalde J. L.
Published: February 2017

Arcobacter
sp. strain LFT 1.7 was isolated from great scallop (
Pecten maximus
) larvae. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain LFT 1.7 formed an independent lineage in the genus
Arcobacter
. The draft genome of LFT 1.7 was sequenced to determine the taxonomic position and ecological function of this strain.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bradyrhizobium japonicum J5, Isolated from a Soybean Nodule in Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Kanehara Kazuma , Minamisawa Kiwamu
Published: February 2017

Soybean bradyrhizobia form root nodules on soybean plants and symbiotically fix N
2
. Strain J5 is phylogenetically far from well-known representatives within the
Bradyrhizobium japonicum
linage. The complete genome showed the largest single chromosomal (10.1 Mb) and symbiosis island (998 kb) among complete genomes of soybean bradyrhizobia.
Draft Genome Sequence of an Attenuated Streptococcus agalactiae Strain Isolated from the Gut of a Nile Tilapia (
Oreochromis niloticus
)
Authors: Zhang Ze , Yu Angen , Lan Jiangfeng , Zhang Yulei , Zhang Hua , Li Yuhui , Hu Minqiang , Cheng Jiewei , Wei Shun , Lin Li
Published: February 2017

Streptococcus agalactiae
is a pathogen that causes severe anthropozoonosis within a broad range of hosts from aquatic animals to mammals, including human beings. Here, we describe the draft genome of
S. agalactiae
HZAUSC001, a low-virulent strain isolated from the gut of a moribund tilapia (
Oreochromis niloticus
) in China.
Complete Genome Sequence of Paenibacillus polymyxa YC0573, a Plant Growth–Promoting Rhizobacterium with Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Liu Hu , Wang Chengqiang , Li Yuhuan , Liu Kai , Hou Qihui , Xu Wenfeng , Fan Lingchao , Zhao Jian , Gou Jianyu , Du Binghai , Ding Yanqin
Published: February 2017

Paenibacillus polymyxa
strain YC0573 is a plant growth–promoting rhizobacterium with antimicrobial activity, which was isolated from tobacco rhizosphere. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
P. polymyxa
YC0573. Antifungal and antibacterial genes were discovered.
Genome Sequence of
Streptomyces
sp. H-KF8, a Marine Actinobacterium Isolated from a Northern Chilean Patagonian Fjord
Authors: Undabarrena Agustina , Ugalde Juan Antonio , Castro-Nallar Eduardo , Seeger Michael , Cámara Beatriz
Published: February 2017

Streptomyces
sp. H-KF8 is a fjord-derived marine actinobacterium capable of producing antimicrobial activity.
Streptomyces
sp. H-KF8 was isolated from sediments of the Comau fjord, located in the northern Chilean Patagonia. Here, we report the 7.7-Mb genome assembly, which represents the first genome of a Chilean marine actinobacterium.