bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Permutative (al-badal) and Apposition (ʻaṭf al-bayān) in the Arabic Language - Similarities and Differences
Authors: Trnka-Uzunović Amira
Published: February 2021

This paper examines two secondary elements of a clause in the Arabic language, namely the permutative and the apposition. The permutative is a noun complement that follows the noun as the appositive and tries to additionally explain it or even take its place, which justifes the semantics of the term badal (permutation). Furthermore, the rules say that a non-derived noun can act as the permutative, and owing to the different semantics it creates, four different types of the permutative are defined and they all keep case agreement with the antecedent in all forms. The apposition in the Arabic language is characterised by the function of additional explanation of the antecedent with which it shares the same case inflexion, which brings it closer to the permutative, but what separates them is the fact that the permutative is independent in its semantic content and it can replace the antecedent, while the clause stays syntactically correct. Without an ambition to make a serious comparison and with the sole aim of a better understanding of the apposition in the Arabic language, by comparing terminological solution in two separate language systems, we will try to justify the attitude that an equal sign between the terms apposition in the Arabic language and the apposition in the Bosnian language cannot be put to the fullest extent. The apposition in the Bosnian language additionally explains the antecedent, following its inflexion, but it is a more general term than the latter, as opposed to the apposition in the Arabic language. Formally, they differ by the place they take within a syntagm in relation to the antecedent.
Chemistry Teachers’ Misconceptions Concerning Concept of Chemical Reaction Rate
Authors: Kolomuç Ali , Tekin Seher
Published: February 2021

Teachers play a great role in how students understand and learn the concepts taught in class. Studies show that teachers reflect their already-existing conceptual constructs and their problem-solving processes on students. This is also true of the misconceptions reflected in chemistry classes, especially when abstract concepts are being taught. The purpose of this study is to see the degree of understanding of chemistry teachers concerning the chemical reaction rate concept. A case study research method was used in the study whose sample consisted of 70 chemistry teachers from forty different cities in Turkey. The data were collected through a chemical reaction rate comprehension test comprising five open-ended questions. The results have indicated that teachers have some misconceptions concerning chemical reaction rate.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JERAMI DAN JARAK TANAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN PADI (Oryza sativa L)
Authors: Hikmawati Meiyana
Published: February 2021

The objectives of this research is the effect of straw and range on the yield of  rice (Oryza sativa L).

The method of the research use factorial design based on the Randomized Block Design with two factors of treatment. The first factor was straw (without straw (P0), fermented straw (P1) dan straw burned (P2)) and second factor was range (spacing of 25 x 20 cm (J1), spacing of 25 x 25 cm (J2) and spacing of 25 x 30 cm (J3)) and each kombination of treatment three times replicated so that it is obtained 9 trial combinations and 27 trial plots.

The result of the research : (1) There was not interaction between straw and range on the yield of rice (Oryza nivara). (2) The highest yield was treatment P1(fermented straw) for all parameters except plant height in 14 hst, penicle length per clump and weight of 1000 grains of dry grains milled. (3) The highest yield was treatment J3 (spacing of 25 x 30 cm) for all parameters except weight of grain per plot dan weight of 1000 grains of dry grains milled.

 

Key word : straw, range and interaction.
Pengaruh Promosi Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian
Authors: Sri Wdyanti Hastuti Maria Agatha , Anasrulloh Muhammad
Published: February 2021

A place to live is an important requirement for students because where they live they can rest after carrying out the process of learning activities during campus or after doing other activities. For that they need a place to live, whether they choose to live with their family for those who have a family in the city where the college is located or a boarding house that suits their needs. A boarding house is a type of rental room that is rented (booked) for a certain period of time. Generally, a room rental is carried out for a period of one year and has a function as a temporary residence. The function of this boarding house is what makes migrant students prefer alternative boarding houses because of the cost and time saving considerations because a nearby place will be the initial destination for someone to move. The boarding house has a positive function, namely a place as a temporary house, a place to study, and a place to rest. If it is related to the function of boarding houses, it is found that there are many phenomena of moving boarding houses carried out by tenants. In order to get a boarding house as desired, there are several factors that students may consider before deciding which boarding house to choose. This study aims to determine the effect of promotion on student decisions in choosing boarding houses in Tulungagung.
Pengaruh Pendidikan Perkoperasian terhadap Partisipasi Anggota Pada Koperasi Wanita di Kabupaten Tulungagung
Authors: Anasrulloh Muhammad , Rokhim Adib Minanur , Firotul M Anna Febrian
Published: February 2021

Koperasi bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan anggota pada khususnya dan masyarakat pada umumnya, serta ikut membangun tatanan perekonomian nasional, untuk mencapai hal tersebut tentunya koperasi harus dapat mandiri dan lebih berkembang dengan didukung aktifnya partisipasi menyeluruh dari anggotanya. Koperasi diharapkan menjadi mandiri, tangguh dan efesien sehingga akan mampu menghadapi berbagai problem ekonomi. Koperasi harus ditingkatkan agar pemerataan pendapatan dan pengentasan kemiskinan khususnya anggota dapat terwujud. Koperasi memerlukan peran aktif anggotanya dalam segala kegiatan koperasi, peran aktif tersebut tercipta apabila ada perasaan memiliki sehingga secara efektif dapat mengambil bagian dalam pengambilan keputusan koperasi. Namun  koperasi yang usahanya pada sektor jasa tentunya tidak mudah untuk mengajak partisipasi  dalam segala aspek kegiatan, diperlukan strategi yang tepat dan sesuai, salah satu strategi yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan partisipasi anggota adalah Pendidikan Perkoperasian. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh Pendidikan Perkopersian terhadap Partisipasi anggota pada Koperasi Wanita (Kopwan) di Kabupaten Tulungagung.
PENGGUNAAN METODE CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING (CTL) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPS KELAS VII DI SMP NEGERI 2 DRINGU KABUPATEN PROBOLINGGO
Authors: Utami Yuyun Wahyu
Published: February 2021

Berdasarkan data hasil belajar IPS siswa kelas VII yang  menunjukkan bahwa prestasi siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS masih rendah. Penyebab rendahnya prestasi belajar siswa dapat diidentifikasi antara lain karena pembelajaran yang masih monoton sehingga hanya hafal tetapi tidak mengerti/paham terhadap materi pembelejaran. Metode Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) adalah sebuah metode yang dirancang dengan aktif belajar menemukan sendiri apa yang dipelajari. Secara umum penelitian ini bertujuan 1). Untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa pada kualitas proses dan hasil  belajar IPS belajar IPS siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 2 Dringu Kabupaten Probolinggo melalui penggunaan metode Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL). Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dari dua siklus. Pada masing-masing siklus terdiri dua pertemuan dan dilakukan melalui tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Subyek penelitian menggunakan siswa kelas VII  SMP Negeri 2 Dringu Kecamatan Dringu Kabupaten Probolinggo yang berjumlah 30 siswa. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Januari sampai April 2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaaan metode Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) pada mata pelajaran IPS kelas VII SMN Negeri 2 Dringu Kabupaten Probolinggo dapat menigkatkan prestasi belajar siswa yang diamati pada kualitas proses dan hasil belajar siswa. Menurut siswa penggunaan metode Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) menyenangkan dan tidak membosankan.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN GOOGLE CLASSROOM UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MUTU PEMBELAJARAN ONLINE DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Rahma Ary Analisa , Arista Hermin
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mutu pembelajaran yang dilakukan secara online selama pandemi covid-19 di tingkat perguruan tinggi. Penyebaran covid-19 ke negara Indonesia mengakibatkan kegiatan belajar peserta didik mengalami perubahan. Proses belajar yang semula dilakukan dengan tatap muka langsung kini beralih menjadi kegiatan belajar secara online. Tenaga pendidik juga harus mengikuti perubahan kegiatan belajar mengajar agar peserta didik tetap dapat menerima ilmu pengetahuan meski pun pembelajaran dilakukan dari rumah masing-masing. Penggunaan teknologi komunikasi digital menjadi bagian yang esensial dalam kegiatan belajar online salah satunya dengan menggunakan media google classroom. Metode penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan angket yang dibagikan secara online dan wawancara kepada 30 responden mahasiswa dan 6 dosen. Analisis data penelitian ini menggunakan Teknik Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa google classroom dapat digunakan sebagai media penunjang proses pembelajaran yang dilakukan secara online.
PENCATATAN ADMINISTRASI KELURAHAN SECARA EFISIEN DALAM PARADIGMA SAINTIFIK MANAJEMEN
Authors: Fitrianti Mia Putri , Septiandika Verto , Candradewi Renny
Published: February 2021

Kota Probolinggo Permendagri No. 25 tahun 2011 tentang Pedoman Pengkajian, Pengembangan dan Pengelolaan Sistem Informasi Administrasi Kependudukan menyatakan bahwa administrasi kependudukan merupakan kewenangan di bawah Departemen Dalam Negeri. Di dalamnya diatur apa yang dimaksud dengan Sistem Informasi Administrasi Kependudukan di mana catatan administrasi dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi untuk memfasilitasi dan mengelola baik di tingkat penyelenggara dan Kantor Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil. Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan pertanyaan penelitian untuk mengukur kinerja pencatatan administrasi kelurahan menggunakan paradigma saintifik manajemen Taylorism. Pendekatan Saintifik Taylorism dipilih karena masih sedikit implementasi sistem manajemen administrasi ini diterapkan di lapangan utamanya dalam ranah administrasi negara. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni kualitatif deskriptif yang memanfaatkan wawancara mendalam pada stakeholder dan pengguna layanan administrasi publik di Kelurahan Ketapang, Kecamatan Kademangan Kota Probolinggo. Penelitian yang dilakukan selama kurang lebih enam bulan ini menghasilkan temuan yakni seluruh petugas dalam kelurahan ketapang sudah memenuhi standart dalam melakukan tugas dan standar pelaksanaan yang tertuang dalam Permendagri Nomor 25 tahun 2011 tentang Pedoman Studi, Pengembangan dan Pengelolaan Sistem Informasi Administrasi Kependudukan, serta prinsip pengelolaan layanan publik sesuai dengan Undang Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2009 tentang Pelayanan Publik, Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 96 Tahun 2012 tentang Pelayanan Publik, dan Permendagri Nomor 100 Tahun 2018 Penerapan Standar Pelayanan Minimal. Kekurangan fundamental terletak pada kapasitas server yang sering terganggu apabila terjadi penginputan data secara bersamaan secara nasional dan gangguan lainnya yang sering terjadi sewaktu-sewaktu.
PENGARUH BEBAN KERJA TERHADAP TINGKAT KELELAHAN PEGAWAI TIDAK TETAP (PTT) KANTOR KECAMATAN KADEMANGAN KOTA PROBOLINGGO
Authors: Maimunah Siti , Puspitarini Renny
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh beban kerja terhadap tingkat kelelahan Pegawai Tidak Tetap (PTT) Kantor Kecamatan Kademangan Kota Probolinggo. Penelitian di lakukan di Kecamatan Kademangan Kota Probolinggo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif eksplanatif dengan menetapkan sampel sebanyak 100 orang dengan tujuan menjelaskan hubungan antara variabel-variabel melalui pengujian hipotesis yang  telah dirumuskan.  Teknis analisis data yang diterapkan adalah regresi linear sederhana. Hasil analisis menjawab bahwa terdapat hubungan antara beban kerja dan tingkat kelelahan kerja di lokasi penelitian. Tingkat signifikansi beban kerja terhadap kelelahan kerja dapat diketahui dari hasil uji F. Berdasarkan haisl uji F, diperolah F-hitung lebih besar dari F-tabel yakni 2.989 > 0.05. Hal ini mengandung arti beban kerja secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kelelahan Pegawai Tidak Tetap Kantor Kecamatan Kademangan Kota Probolinggo
Methods and Thoughts in the Islamic Theology
Authors: Zaini Muhammad
Published: February 2021

The discourse that has developed so far around Islamic theology includes the emergence of dominant theological currents due to political factors. Yet if it is explored more in-depth, freedom of thought (tafakkur) is one of the main factors. Based on this understanding, two issues need to be discussed in this paper: First, how are the various methods and patterns of thought that develop in the realms of Islamic theology; Second, what issues are the subject of debate in the realms of Islamic theology. The discussion is carried out by descriptive analysis based on relevant sources that are not limited in number. The discussion results show that the thought processes carried out by kalam scholars (mutakallimīn) have had a significant influence on the growth and development of Islamic theology. The arguments of the mind that were fertilized by Greek philosophy and other civilizations also played an important role in developing Islamic theology. Besides, the formation of more dominant schools is due to the different methods of thinking in explaining God, His oneness, and His attributes.
Muḥammad ‘Ābid al-Jābirī’s Thoughts on Tradition and Modernity in Renewal
Authors: Novia Yunita
Published: February 2021

The tradition is something that is present and accompanies contemporary ours, which comes from the past, or could be said of all that is human-related to aspects of thought in Islamic civilization, ranging from the teaching of the doctrinal, shariah, language, literature, art, pen, and sufism. Modern not to break with the past but to upgrade the attitude and stance by assuming the pattern of our relationship with tradition in modern culture. The relation of tradition and modernity, according to al-Jābirī was keeping the good old traditions and take a new tradition better that is, the tradition was reconstructed to internalize the contemporary thoughts. Al-Jābirī strongly emphasized contemporary Arab thoughts (bayani, 'irfani, burhani) as a way to confront modernity. The idea's important contribution is to introduce to us the various constructs reasoning developed in the Islamic world.
Sufism Thoughts of al-Qushayrī and It’s Relevance to Contemporary Muslim Societies
Authors: Karim Pangulu Abdul
Published: February 2021

Al-Qushayrī is one of the leading imams in the Sunni Sufism tradition. Mystical thinking within the integration framework between the shariah and haqiqah (al-jam‘ bayna al-sharī’ah wa al-haqiqah) instrumental in eroding the tension between the shariah and nature. In addition, al-Qushayrī’s thought of Sufism is moderate and balanced. So, it is appropriate to avoid extremes in religion. Thus, the sufism thought of al-Qushayrī is relevant for contemporary humans, especially Muslims societies, to balance advances in technology and science and material with the development of the spiritual dimension.
The Dayah Ulama’s Views on Plurality and Tolerance in Aceh
Authors: Syarifuddin Syarifuddin
Published: February 2021

Dayah ‘ulama’ or teungku dayah occupy a unique position in Acehnese society. They are a source of reference in various religious issues and social issues that develop in society. As the founder and manager of the dayah, traditional Islamic education institutions, the ‘ulama’ or teungku dayah have cultural power in shaping and coloring the community’s knowledge and religious understanding. Therefore, their views regarding plurality and tolerance in Aceh are relevant to be studied to see one fragment in the opinions and attitudes of the ‘ulama’ or tengku and Acehnese society regarding diversity in Aceh. In general, the ‘ulama’ or teungku dayah interviewed in this study gave a complimentary view of the reality of pluralism in the Acehnese community both in terms of inter-religious and intra-Muslim relations. However, they provide limitations regarding the aspects that can be tolerated and which should be prohibited.
AKAR HISTORIS DAN DOKTRIN ALIRAN ADARI (TINJAUAN SELINTAS)
Authors: Harahap Indra
Published: February 2021

AbstrakKemunculan dan perkembangan ADARI tidak bisa dipisahkan dari keberadaan agama-agama resmi di Indonesia. Sebab pada dasarnya para pendiri secara personal adalah orang-orang yang merupakan bagian dari para penghayat agama resmi. Menariknya, hal ini tampak dalam perkembangan ajaran ADARI yang disebut sebagai upaya akumulatif dari berbagai praktek keberagamaan. Hal ini sangat jelas tampak dalam ajaran mengenai ketuhanan yang tidak bisa dibedakan dengan prevalensi agama resmi. Berdasarkan beberapa referensi, dinyatakan bahwa munculnya ajaran ADARI dipelopori oleh Mangun Widjoyo saat berada di penjara di Wirogunan, Yogyakarta. Bahkan, menurut pengakuannya, selama di penjara dia mengadakan perenungan atau meditasi, sehingga instruksi dalam bentuk wangsit datang kepadanya untuk segera mengembangkan pengajaran tentang hasil perenungannya, yaitu Manunggaling Kawula Gusti, dan dia diangkat sebagai nabi yang juga sebagai inkarnasi tuhan.Kata kunci: Aliran ADARI, Doktrin Ketuhanan, Manunggaling Kawula GustiAbstractADARI's flow of birth and development cannot be separated from formal religion. Because indeed the founding fathers personally are people who are part of the practice of formal religion. Interestingly, it turns out that in the development of ADARI's doctrine, this can be called an accumulation effort from various religions. This is very clearly seen in his doctrine of divinity which is not distinguished as the prevalence of formal religions.Based on several references, it was stated that the emergence of ADARI's teachings was pioneered by Mangun Widjoyo while in prison (in a cell) in Wirogunan, Yogyakarta. In fact, according to his confession, during his time in prison he held contemplation or meditation, so that the instructions in the form of wangsit came to him to immediately develop a teaching on the results of his contemplation, namely Manunggaling Kawula Gusti, he was appointed as a prophet who was also God's incarnation.Keywords: ADARI’s Sect, Doctrine of God, Manunggaling Kawula Gusti
SPIRITUAL-HUMANISME HASAN ASKARI DAN DIALOG INTERRELIGI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Kamal Aulia
Published: February 2021

Abstrak

Paper inimembahasspiritual-humanisme dariHasanAskari sebagai dialog interreligi alternatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui kajian pustaka, dan melalui content analysisrisetini menunjukkan bahwa;Pertama; kritik Askari atas dialog interreligi berangkat dari pengamatannya bahwa sampai saat ini dialog belum mencapai inti dari dialog, yakni kesadaran spiritual.Dialog interreligi harusnya bukan mendialogkan identitas kolektif yang memang tidak akan pernah bisa dihilangkan. Sebaliknya dialog harus dicapai melalui; (1)mengalami realitas jiwayang melampaui batas identitas; (2) melalui pertemuan antar pribadi sebagai sesama manusia dan konsekuensi dari kesatuan spiritual.Kedua,pada prakteknya dialog interreligi di Indonesia masih cenderung menekankan pada konsensus antar identitas, bukan menyadarkan kesatuan jiwa sebagai sesama manusia, sebagai sesama warga negara. Ketiga,  ide Askari ini lebih relevan dalam konstruksi dialog di Indonesia dengan memper-timbangkan fakta pluralitas yang berbasis pada: (1) identitaskeagamaan dan kebudayaan. (2) pengalaman spiritual masyarakat Indonesia.Dua hal ini dapat menjadi landasan untuk mengembang-kan spiritual-humanisme sebagai dialog interreligi alternatif di indonesia.

Kata kunci: Dialog interreligi, Hasan Askari, Spiritual-Humanisme

 

Abstract

This paper discusses spiritual-humanism initiated by Hasan Askari as an alternative interreligious dialogue. Data was collected through literature review and through Content Analysis, this research shows some findings; First; Askari's criticism of interreligious dialogue departs from his observation, that until now dialogue has not yet reached the core of dialogue, which is spiritual awareness. Interreligious dialogue should not be to dialogue with collective identities whose can never be eliminated. Instead, dialogue must be achieved through; (1) experiencing the reality of the soulthat transcends the limits of identity; (2) interpersonal encounters as human beings and as the consequences of spiritual unity. Second, in practice, interreligious dialogue in Indonesia generally tends to emphasize the consensus of identities, not to awaken the unity of the soul as humans, as citizens. Third, Askari's idea is more relevant in the construction of dialogue in Indonesia by considering the fact of plurality in Indonesia based on: (1) religious and cultural identity; (2) spiritual experiences of Indonesian society. These, can be the basis for developing spiritual-humanism as a model ofdialogue in Indonesia.

Keywords: Hasan Askari, Interreligious Dialogue, Spiritual-Humanism.
UJARAN KEBENCIAN (HATE SPEECH) DI MASYARAKAT DALAM KAJIAN TEOLOGI
Authors: Zulkarnain Zulkarnain
Published: February 2021

Abstract

The development of sophisticated social media can post content in the form of text, video, sound and images freely which can be disseminated anywhere and anytime with the help of the internet network. Not infrequently social media users abuse social media as a means to vent their emotions, spread false news, bring down others, and even spread hatred to other people or groups. Not a few people who feel disadvantaged as a result of this hate speech. The author's purpose in raising this phenomenon is to find out how hate speech (hate speech) is in society according to theological studies. Methodologically, this study uses a qualitative research type with a library research approach. The factors that cause the perpetrators to do hate speech (hate speech), namely, factors from within the individual (internal) including the psychological and psychological condition of the individual and factors from outside the individual, namely environmental factors, factors of lack of social control, factors of community interest, factors of ignorance community, as well as facilities, facilities and technological and psychological or psychological progress of the actors, namely high emotional power, besides the factors of facilities, facilities and technological progress are also very influential because of the availability of facilities and facilities that are easily available and increasingly sophisticated technological advancements making it easier for each social media users access all information without limits. Efforts to overcome the occurrence of hate speech (hate speech) crime in social media that consists of penal and non-penal efforts. Where penalties consist of imposing sanctions on perpetrators by imprisonment in accordance with what has been stipulated in the ITE Law to provide a deterrent effect. While the non-penal effort is to provide counseling or outreach to the general public regarding information on the impact of electronic media if not used wisely, the ethics of using social media by providing legal knowledge about the ITE Law.

           

Keywords: Speech, Hate, Society, Theology
A formação continuada de professores em educação ambiental por meio da Educação a Distância
Authors: WIZIACK SUZETE ROSANA DE CASTRO , Pavan Ruth
Published: February 2021

O texto analisa as concepções sobre ambiente e educação ambiental de professores participantes do Programa Escolas Sustentáveis - “Processo de Formação Escolas Sustentáveis e Com Vida”, realizado em várias regiões do Brasil, sob a coordenação do Ministério da Educação em parceria com universidades federais, por meio da educação a distância. São apresentados parte dos resultados alcançados em uma pesquisa qualitativa, apoiada na educação crítica, sobretudo no quefazer como um ato político dos educadores ambientais necessário para o desenvolvimento de uma escola sustentável. Os dados evidenciam uma prática docente voltada para os alunos e para as suas realidades, em consonância com uma educação emancipatória, que visa questões sociais, culturais e políticas. Com os resultados é possível apontar potencialidades presentes nessa formação em EA, não somente no seu alcance face aos recursos tecnológicos e à educação a distância, mas também pela sua contribuição para uma abordagem  crítica de educação e da realidade socioambiental da escola, a despeito das dificuldades em relação à compreensão de  temática complexa e das condições de trabalho docente que não permitem a reflexão aprofundada na escola, nem mesmo o planejamento coletivo das ações escolares.
Secondary organic aerosol phase behaviour in chamber photo-oxidation of
mixed precursors
Authors: Wang Yu , Voliotis Aristeidis , Shao Yunqi , Zong Taomou , Meng Xiangxinyue , Du Mao , Hu Dawei , Chen Ying , Wu Zhijun , Alfarra M. Rami , McFiggans Gordon
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The phase behaviour of aerosol particles plays a profound role in atmospheric physicochemical processes, influencing their physical and optical properties and further impacting climate and air quality. However, understanding of aerosol phase behaviour is still incomplete, especially that of multicomponent particles which contain inorganic compounds and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from mixed volatile organic compound (VOC) precursors. We report measurements conducted in the Manchester Aerosol Chamber (MAC) to investigate the aerosol rebounding tendency, measured as bounce fraction, as a surrogate of particle phase behaviour during SOA formation from photo-oxidation of biogenic (α-pinene, isoprene) and anthropogenic (o-cresol) VOCs and their binary mixtures on deliquescent ammonium sulphate seed. Aerosol phase behaviour is RH and chemical composition dependent. Liquid (bounce fraction, BF  80 % and non-liquid behaviour (BF > 0.8) at RH
Formation and Evolution of Secondary Organic Aerosol Derived from Urban Lifestyle Sources:
Vehicle Exhaust and Cooking Emission
Authors: Zhang Zirui , Zhu Wenfei , Hu Min , Liu Kefan , Wang Hui , Tang Rongzhi , Shen Ruizhe , Yu Ying , Tan Rui , Song Kai , Li Yuanju , Zhang Wenbin , Zhang Zhou , Xu Hongming , Shuai Shijin , Li Shuangde , Chen Yunfa , Li Jiayun , Wang Yuesi , Guo Song
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Both vehicle exhaust and cooking emission are closely related to the daily life of city dwellers, which are considered as major sources of urban secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Here, we defined the SOA derived from vehicle exhaust and cooking emission as Urban Lifestyle SOA, and simulated their formation using a Gothenburg potential aerosol mass reactor (Go: PAM). After samples had been aged under 0.3–5.5 days of equivalent photochemical age, these two urban lifestyle SOA showed markedly distinct features in SOA mass growth potentials, oxidation pathways and mass spectra. The SOA / POA mass ratios of vehicle groups (107) were 44 times larger than those of cooking groups (2.38) at about 2 days of equivalent photochemical age. It reveals that organics from vehicle may undergo the alcohol/peroxide and carboxylic acid oxidation pathway to produce abundant less/more oxidized oxygenated OA (LO-OOA and MO-OOA), and only a few primary hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) remains unaged. In contrast, organics from cooking may undergo the alcohol/peroxide oxidation pathway to produce moderate LO-OOA, and comparable primary cooking organic aerosol (COA) remains unaged. Our findings provide an insight into atmospheric contributions and chemical evolutions for urban lifestyle SOA, which would greatly influence the air quality and health risk assessments in urban areas.
Sediment and carbon accumulation in a glacial lake in Chukotka (Arctic
Siberia) during the late Pleistocene and Holocene: Combining
hydroacoustic profiling and down-core analyses
Authors: Vyse Stuart A. , Herzschuh Ulrike , Pfalz Gregor , Pestryakova Lyudmila A. , Diekmann Bernhard , Nowaczyk Norbert , Biskaborn Boris K.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Lakes act as important sinks for inorganic and organic sediment components. However, investigations of sedimentary carbon budgets within glacial lakes are currently absent from Arctic Siberia. The aim of this paper is to provide the first reconstruction of accumulation rates, sediment and carbon budgets from a lacustrine sediment core from Lake Rauchuagytgyn, Chukotka (Arctic Siberia). We combined multiple sediment-biogeochemical and sedimentological parameters from a radiocarbon-dated 6.5 m sediment core with lake basin hydroacoustic data to derive sediment stratigraphy, sediment volumes, and infill budgets. Our results distinguished three principal sediment and carbon accumulation regimes that could be identified across all measured environmental proxies including Early MIS2 (ca. 29–23.4 cal. ka BP), Mid-to-late MIS2 (ca. 23.4–11.5 cal. ka BP), and Holocene (ca. 11.5–present). Estimated organic carbon accumulation rates (OCARs) were higher within Holocene sediments (average 3.53 g OC m−2 a−1) than Pleistocene sediments (average 1.09 g OC m−2 a−1) and are similar to those calculated for boreal lakes from Quebec and Finland and Lake Baikal but significantly lower than Siberian thermokarst lakes and Alberta glacial lakes. Using a bootstrapping approach, we estimated the total organic carbon pool to 0.26 ± 0.02 Mt and a total sediment pool of 25.7 ± 1.71 Mt within a hydroacoustically derived sediment volume of ca. 32990557 m3. The total organic carbon pool is substantially smaller than Alaskan Yedoma, thermokarst lake sediments, and Alberta glacial lakes but shares similarities with Finnish boreal lakes. Temporal variability in sediment and carbon accumulation dynamics at Lake Rauchuagytgyn is controlled predominantly by palaeoclimate variation that regulates lake ice-cover dynamics and catchment glacial, fluvial and permafrost processes through time. These processes, in turn, affect catchment and within-lake primary productivity as well as catchment soil development. Spatial differences to other lake systems at a trans-regional scale likely relates to the high-latitude, mountainous location of Lake Rauchuagytgyn.
Web-based macroseismic intensity study in Turkey – entries on Ekşi Sözlük
Authors: Ertuncay Deniz , Cataldi Laura , Costa Giovanni
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Ekşi Sözlük is one of the most visited websites in Turkey. Registered users of the website share their knowledge about any topic. In this study, we collect the user entries on the topic of 20 earthquakes in Turkey and the surrounding area. Entries with city and district level information are converted to intensity values. Shake maps of the earthquakes are created by using a ground motion to intensity conversion equation. User entries and created shake maps are compared. It is found that entries correlate with the predicted intensities. It is also found that local soil conditions and building types have an amplifier effect on entries on the website. Several entries on the earthquake topics have magnitude estimations. The difference between predicted and observed intensities also varies with distance. Users are able to predict the magnitudes of the earthquakes with ±0.54 misfit. This study shows that Ekşi Sözlük has the potential to be a reliable source of macroseismic intensity for the earthquakes in Turkey if the felt reports are collected with a predetermined format.
Comparison of laser-based photoacoustic and optical detection of methane
Authors: Strahl Thomas , Herbst Johannes , Maier Eric , Rademacher Sven , Weber Christian , Pernau Hans-Fridtjof , Lambrecht Armin , Wöllenstein Jürgen
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The measurement of low methane (CH4) concentrations is a key objective for safety of industrial and public infrastructures and in environmental research. Laser spectroscopy is best suited for this purpose because it offers high sensitivity, selectivity, dynamic range, and a fast measurement rate. The physical basis of this technique is infrared absorption of molecular gases. Two detection schemes – direct absorption spectroscopy (DAS) and photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) – are compared at three wavelength regions in the near-infrared (NIR), mid-wavelength (MWIR), and long-wavelength (LWIR) infrared ranges. For each spectral range a suitable semiconductor laser is selected and used for both detection techniques: a diode laser (DL), an interband cascade laser (ICL), and a quantum cascade laser (QCL) for NIR, MWIR and LWIR, respectively. For DAS short absorption path lengths comparable to the cell dimensions of the photoacoustic cell for PAS are employed. We show that for DAS the lowest detection limit can be achieved in the MWIR range with noise-equivalent concentrations (NECs) below 10 ppb. Using PAS, lower detection limits and higher system stabilities can be reached compared to DAS, especially for long integration times. The lowest detection limit for PAS is obtained in the LWIR with a NEC of 7 ppb. The different DAS and PAS configurations are discussed with respect to potential applications.
Evaluation of Mei-yu Heavy-Rainfall Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts in Taiwan
by A Cloud-Resolving Model for Three Seasons of 2012–2014
Authors: Wang Chung-Chieh , Chuang Pi-Yu , Chang Chih-Sheng , Tsuboki Kazuhisa , Huang Shin-Yi , Leu Guo-Chen
Published: February 2021

Abstract. In this study, the performance of quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) by the Cloud-Resolving Storm Simulator (CReSS) in real-time in Taiwan, at a horizontal grid spacing of 2.5 km and a domain size of 1500 x 1200 km2, within a range of 72 h during three mei-yu seasons of 2012–2014 is evaluated using categorical statistics, with an emphasis on heavy events (≥ 100 mm per 24 h). The overall threat scores (TSs) of QPFs for all events on day 1 (0–24 h) are 0.18, 0.15, and 0.09 at the threshold of 100, 250, and 500 mm, respectively, and indicate considerable improvements compared to past results and 5-km models. Moreover, the TSs are shown to be higher and the model more skillful in predicting larger events, in agreement with earlier findings for typhoons. After classification based on observed rainfall, the TSs of day-1 QPFs for the largest 4 % of events by CReSS at 100, 250, and 500 mm (per 24 h) are 0.34, 0.24, and 0.16, respectively, and can reach 0.15 at 250 mm on day 2 (24–48 h) and 130 mm on day 3 (48–72 h). The larger events also exhibit higher probability of detection and lower false alarm ratio than weaker events almost without exception across all thresholds. The strength of the model lies mainly in the topographic rainfall in Taiwan rather than migratory events that are less predictable. Our results highlight the crucial importance of cloud-resolving capability and the size of fine mesh for heavy-rainfall QPFs in Taiwan.
ANALISA DAYA DUKUNG TANAH DASAR DAN PERKERASAN LANDASAN PACU DENGAN ADANYA PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS PELAYANAN PESAWAT (STUDI KASUS BANDAR UDARA TANJUNG WARUKIN KALIMANTAN SELATAN)
Authors: Pratomo Legeno Joko , Amperawan Schipper Lucky
Published: February 2021

Potensi peningkatan pelayanan pesawat pada Bandar Udara Warukin Kabupaten Tabalong KalimantanSelatan dengan asumsi peningkatan penumpang yang tujuan keberangkatan dan kedatangannyadisamakan dengan kegiatan bandar udara sekelasnya di Propinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Peningkatanpelayanan pesawat bandar udara dengan perencanaan jenis – jenis perkerasan landasan pacu (runway)dengan berbagai metode, metode dan jenis perkerasan direkomendasikan sesuai dengan kriteria yangpaling memungkinkan untuk dilaksanakan. Daya dukung lapis tanah dasar eksisting maupun lapisanperkerasan eksisting dianalisa guna kebutuhan metode analisa penentuan perkerasan landasan pacu.
ANALISIS DAMPAK TARIKAN KENDARAAN DI PUSAT PERBELANJAAN CIREBON SUPER BLOCK KOTA CIREBON
Authors: Raya Prima Gary , Rivandi Pratama Ryan , Herlina Nina
Published: February 2021

Cirebon Super Block (CSB) Mall is a fairly solid place to sell goods in the city of Cirebon. With the establishment of the Cirebon Super Block (CSB) in the city of Cirebon, it will cause vehicle traction on the roads around the Cirebon Super Block (CSB) and will increase traffic volume. The construction of these shopping centers also has an impact on the surrounding road sections, namely in the form of a reduction in the level of service (LOS) which at a certain point will cause congestion. This is due to increased movement due to increased commercial activities or activities on these roads. Travel attraction is a modeling stage that estimates the amount of movement originating from a zone or land use and the amount of movement attracted to a land use or zone. Cirebon Super Block Mall has generated quite a lot of vehicle traction on the Cipto Mangunkusumo road. The biggest vehicle pull on Jalan Cipto Mangunkusumo occurred on weekends (Sundays) at 17.00-18.00 which was 687.6 pcu / hour where the volume of vehicles on Jalan Cipto Mangunkusumo 3086.4 pcu / hour had an impact of 22.3%.
Ketebalan Perkerasan Lentur Dengan Metode AASHTO 1993 Dan Manual Perkerasan Jalan 2017
Authors: Farida Ida , Noer Hakim Ghafar
Published: February 2021

Abstrak – Perkerasan jalan yaitu struktur lapis yang terletak diatas tanah dasar terdapat lapisan pondasi atas serta pondasi bawah yang setiap Lapisan terdiri dari agregat-agregat yang dipadatkan yang memiliki fungsi untuk menyalurkan tegangan akibat beban roda. Terdapat 3 perkerasan jalan, perkerasan aspal atau lentur, perkerasan beton/kaku (rigid pavement) serta perkerasan komposit (Composit pavement). Dalam menentukan ketabalan perkerasan lentur terdapat beberapa metode untuk digunakan, termasuk pada penelitian ini mengunakan metode AASHTO 1993 serta metode Manual Perkerasan Jalan 2017. Lokasi penelitian ini terletak di jalan alternatif kota dalam Leles Kecamatan Leles Kabupaten Garut, Jawa Barat. Data yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini  data sekunder Detail engineering desain (DED) 2012 yang diperoleh dari instansi Bina Marga Kabupaten Garut. Penelitian ini berfokus pada perbandingan ketebalan antara kedua metode yang digunakan kemudian dibandingkan dan memilih metode yang paling efesien. Dari  hasil perhitungan yang telah dilakukan  menggunakan umur rencana 20 tahun dan menggunakan bahan yang sama pada setiap lapisan, metode AASHTO 1993 menghasilkan total tebal sebesar 55 cm, dan metode Manual Perkerasan Jalan 2017 menghasilkan ketebalan sebesar 35 cm. Dari hasil yang didapat, metode AASHTO 1993 memiliki ketebalan yang lebih besar dari pada metode Manual Perkerasan Jalan 2017. Maka jika digunakan pada perencanaan ketebalan perkerasan jalan, metode Manual Perkerasan Jalan 2017 akan lebih efesien.
Saudi Arabia COVID-19 Governmental Response
Authors: S. Abdellatif Omar , Behbehani Ali
Published: February 2021

The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, states agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis. Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some states refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages. The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Imagen y materialidad de la fotografía: un acercamiento a su procesamiento en los archivos
Authors: Peña Haro Sandra
Published: February 2021

El presente trabajo estudia algunos aspectos del tratamiento que reciben los soportes fotográficos en el ámbito archivístico. Apoya la idea, en particular, de que su procesamiento se debe realizar en un marco amplio que permita entender sus funciones e incorpore atributos que superen su valor informativo más allá de la imagen. En suma, tiene como objetivo repensar el objeto fotográfico a fin de profundizar en su conformación como producto de una serie de procesos culturales acumulados que se imprimen en su superficie.
Fotografía institucional: las perspectivas del documento de archivo
Authors: Machado Bruno Henrique , Madio Telma Campanha de Carvalho
Published: February 2021

La discusión explorada en este artículo se basa en la fotografía institucional producida por las instituciones, y tiene como objetivo discutir los caminos de tratamiento archivístico,como documento orgánico de las instituciones, es decir, con el producto de una función y el resultado de una actividad. Cuando hablamos del documento y sus implicaciones para los procedimientos de archivo, se observa que la fotografía ya se entiende como un documento de archivo, sin embargo, no se ha insertado satisfactoriamente en la gestión documental, cuya producción no se ve como una función trivial e integrada otras actividades, prevaleciendo aún el concepto de captar la realidad. Concluimos que es urgente revisar el tratamiento realizado en varios archivos que continúan identificando la fotografía institucional como un registro aislado e independiente, comenzando a describir individualmente, perdiendo así su contextualización.
Indexação de fotografias a partir da 'Mirada': análise de diferentes pontos de vistas acerca de uma fotografia
Authors: Rodrigues da Silva Gislene , Dias Célia Da Consolação
Published: February 2021

Assim como a indexação de objetos textuais a indexação de objetos imagéticos, também, pode ser caracterizada como um processo subjetivo.  Este aspecto pode ser ressaltado considerando que o olhar e a percepção do usuário contribuem para dar sentido e auxiliar na interpretação da imagem analisada. Além disso, constatou-se que o olhar é influenciado por estímulos adquiridos pelas inúmeras experiências vivenciadas, pela cultura e aspectos sociais estabelecidos na sociedade onde o usuário está inserido e, como ele se relaciona com tudo isso no mundo. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar se a indexação sob a perspectiva dos usuários pode oferecer informações relevantes para representação de conteúdo a partir da aplicação do Modelo de Leitura para Indexação de Fotografias proposto por Silva (2018). Este Modelo utiliza aportes teóricos da Comunicação Visual e da Teoria da Indexação na Ciência da Informação e é formado por dois níveis de leitura. A aplicação do modelo proposto possibilita ao indexador fazer questionamentos à fotografia a partir do “Método Complexo” e das “Funções Primárias da Imagem” com o uso das questões indexadoras propostas. Como resultado, observou-se os grupos indexaram a mesma fotografia sob diferentes pontos de vistas, revelando a “Mirada” dos usuários acerca das informações coletadas sobre o contexto da fotografia analisada e da seleção das palavras-chave para descrever o conteúdo da fotografia.
Análisis y evaluación del uso del término compuesto en la indización de imágenes fotográficas patrimoniales
Authors: Ávila Mª Begoña López , De Melo-Simões Maria da Graça , Rodríguez-Bravo Blanca
Published: February 2021

El presente trabajo propone contribuir al estudio del término compuesto en la indización de imágenes, a través del análisis y evaluación de su uso en la indización de una colección de postales fotográficas e ilustradas sobre el patrimonio histórico-cultural de la Biblioteca General de la Universidad de Coímbra (Portugal) fechadas entre 1940-1960, comparando esa práctica con las formas consideradas en la NF Z 47-200 (1985). Partimos para ello de un enfoque cualitativo exploratorio, basado en la revisión bibliográfica y en un estudio empírico, aplicando las técnicas de análisis comparativo y de contenido. Los resultados muestran que el uso del término compuesto coincide con los principios teórico-metodológicos recomendados por la NF Z 47-200 (1985), aun cuando revelan incoherencias e inconsistencias en la aplicación de éste en cuanto a su estructura. Se concluye la necesidad de aplicar normas para armonizar la representación de las especificidades de este recurso informativo.
La memoria en encuadres. Fotógrafas extranjeras en Aragón durante la Guerra Civil Española (1936-1939)
Authors: Agustín-Lacruz Carmen , Blanco-Domingo Luis
Published: February 2021

El fotoperiodismo moderno se fraguó en las primeras décadas del siglo XX coincidiendo con el triunfo de las revistas y semanarios ilustrados. Su éxito tuvo lugar tras la I Guerra Mundial, cuando se modificó la función de la prensa, comenzó a valorarse la eficiencia de los fotógrafos profesionales, aparecieron equipos más pequeños y manejables y cambió el modus operandi de los periodistas y el formato de las imágenes. La Guerra Civil española (1936-1939) propició el surgimiento de una narrativa fotográfica que pretendió seducir al espectador, influir en su percepción de la realidad y movilizar su posicionamiento moral e ideológico. Esta evolución se sustentó en avances técnicos y fue protagonizada por profesionales que desplegaron un compromiso ideológico y un alto grado de implicación política. Entre ellos también se encuentran mujeres cuyos nombres han sido omitidos o desplazados en la historia del medio fotográfico. En este contexto, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la aportación y la repercusión de Gerda Taro, Kati Horna, Vera Elkan, Agnes Hodgson y otras mujeres fotógrafas que trabajaron en Aragón durante el enfrentamiento bélico y cuyo trabajo supuso un punto de inflexión en la historia del medio. El estudio de sus biografías y la contextualización de sus trayectorias profesionales se ha llevado a cabo mediante la revisión sistemática y el análisis de diferentes fuentes de información bibliográficas, hemerográficas y archivísticas, considerando enfoques disciplinarios complementarios, procedentes de la Historia, los Estudios Culturales y por supuesto, la Documentación. Entre los resultados alcanzados destaca el conocimiento de sus biografías, la contextualización de sus trayectorias profesionales y la caracterización de su obra.