bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anticancer Activities of Selected Species of North American Lichen Extracts
Authors: Shrestha Gajendra , El‐Naggar Atif M. , St. Clair Larry L. , O'Neill Kim L.
Published: September 2014

Cancer is the second leading cause of human deaths in the USA. Despite continuous efforts to treat cancer over the past 50 years, human mortality rates have not decreased significantly. Natural products, such as lichens, have been good sources of anticancer drugs. This study reports the cytotoxic activity of crude extracts of 17 lichen species against Burkitt's lymphoma (Raji) cells. Out of the 17 lichen species, extracts from 14 species showed cytotoxicity against Raji cells. On the basis of IC50 values, we selected Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa and Tuckermannopsis ciliaris to study the mechanism of cell death. Viability of normal lymphocytes was not affected by the extracts of X. chlorochroa and T. ciliaris. We found that extracts from both lichens decreased proliferation, accumulated cells at the G0/G1 stage, and caused apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner. Both lichen extracts also caused upregulation of p53. The T. ciliaris extract upregulated the expression of TK1 but X. chlorochroa did not. We also found that usnic, salazinic, constictic, and norstictic acids were present in the extract of X. chlorochroa, whereas protolichesterinic acid in T. ciliaris extracts. Our data demonstrate that lichen extracts merit further research as a potential source of anticancer drugs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical study of the decomposition mechanism of a series of group III triazides X(N3)3 (X = B, Al, Ga)
Authors: Ping Cheng Li , Li Wang Jing , Xin Sun Ying
Published: September 2014

Density functional theory method is used to examine a series of group III triazides X(N3)3 (X = B, Al, Ga). These compounds, except for the C3h planar B(N3)3 and Al(N3)3, are first reported here. C3h planar structures are the most energetically favored for all singlet X(N3)3 systems. Potential‐energy surfaces for unimolecular decompositions of the C3h and CS planar X(N3)3 species have been investigated. Results show that decomposition of B(N3)3 obeys sequential fashion and follows a four‐step mechanism: (1) B(N3)3 → NB(N3)2 + N2; (2) NB(N3)2 → cyc‐N2BN3 + N2; (3) cyc‐N2BN3 → trigonal‐BN3 + N2; (4) trigonal‐BN3 → linear‐NBNN. Decomposition of Al(N3)3 follows a two‐step mechanism: (1) Al(N3)3 → NAl(N3)2 + N2; (2) NAl(N3)2 → linear‐AlN3 + 2N2. The dissociation of Ga(N3)3 follows only one‐step mechanism: Ga(N3)3 → angular‐GaN3 + 3N2. These findings may be helpful in understanding the decomposition mechanisms of group III triazides as well as the possible mechanism for XN film generation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Construction of 3D Polymer Brushes by Dip‐Pen Nanodisplacement Lithography: Understanding the Molecular Displacement for Ultrafine and High‐Speed Patterning
Authors: Chen Chaojian , Zhou Xuechang , Xie Zhuang , Gao Tingting , Zheng Zijian
Published: September 2014

Dip‐pen nanodisplacement lithography (DNL) is a versatile scanning probe‐based technique that can be employed for fabricating ultrafine 3D polymer brushes under ambient conditions. Many fundamental studies and applications require the large‐area fabrication of 3D structures. However, the fabrication throughput and uniformity are still far from satisfactory. In this work, the molecular displacement mechanism of DNL is elucidated by systematically investigating the synergistic effect of z extension and contact time. The in‐depth understanding of molecular displacement results in the successful achievement of ultrafine control of 3D structures and high‐speed patterning at the same time. Remarkably, one can prepare arbitrary 3D polymer brushes on a large area (1.3 mm × 1.3 mm), with <5% vertical and lateral size variations, and a patterning speed as much as 200‐fold faster than the current state‐of‐the‐art.
Modeling Study of Molten Steel Turbulence Control by SEN Design Improvement in a Conventional Slab Caster
Authors: de J. Barreto José , Morales Rudolfo D. , Garcia‐Hernandez Saul , Najera‐Bastida Alfonso , Calderon‐Ramos Ismael
Published: September 2014

A research study to improve the fluidynamics of a typical slab caster mould by redesigning the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) ports through a complete mathematical analysis was carried out, selected geometries are deeply tested and analyzed by physical modeling. For that a 1:1 scale analogue water model was constructed; PIV techniques, red dye tracer injections, and ultrasonic sensors are employed to study the molten steel flow patterns behavior. A comparison between the original and the improved SEN designs indicate that both geometries show weak double roll flow pattern at shallow position, but the two‐roll flow pattern is well developed at a deeper position. The original design induces vortexes formation at either, shallow or deep immersion. In the other hand, the proposed improved design, where the backflow is eradicated, maintains good free surface stability without any vortex formation. The physical results indicate that the backflow phenomenon induces jet fluctuations, which are reflected in a more turbulent free surface, and its elimination provides more stable flow patterns in the mould.
White Native English Speakers Needed: The Rhetorical Construction of Privilege in Online Teacher Recruitment Spaces
Authors: Ruecker Todd , Ives Lindsey
Published: September 2014

Over the past few decades, scholars have paid increasing attention to the role of native speakerism in the field of TESOL. Several recent studies have exposed instances of native speakerism in TESOL recruitment discourses published through a variety of media, but none have focused specifically on professional websites advertising programs in Southeast Asia. In this article, the authors report findings from a critical discourse analysis of textual and visual features in 59 websites recruiting for specific language schools located in China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand. They find that the ideal candidate is overwhelmingly depicted as a young, White, enthusiastic native speaker of English from a stable list of inner‐circle countries. Furthermore, they find that these sites place more emphasis on the opportunities to make money, travel, and experience adventure in exotic cultures that come with the TESOL jobs being advertised, rather than on the jobs themselves. The authors conclude by providing a discussion of their findings informed by work in cultural studies and critical race theory, and suggest ways in which readers can fight against the entrenchment of native speaker and White privilege in the field of TESOL.
Why I Teach: The Power of Language
Authors: Bean‐Folkes Jane
Published: September 2014

View From the Chalkboard essays share readers' reflections on teaching experiences, advice for new teachers, and perspectives on current issues.
Building Background Knowledge
Authors: Neuman Susan B. , Kaefer Tanya , Pinkham Ashley
Published: September 2014

This article make a case for the importance of background knowledge in children's comprehension. It suggests that differences in background knowledge may account for differences in understanding text for low‐ and middle‐income children. It then describes strategies for building background knowledge in the age of common core standards.
Conservation of aquatic landscapes: ponds, lakes, and rivers as integrated systems
Authors: Sayer Carl D.
Published: September 2014

Although many wetlands have been lost, the European lowlands still hold a mosaic of aquatic habitats covering rivers, lakes, ponds, ditches, springs, and swamps. To effectively conserve this diverse and important resource, both scientific studies and management and restoration activities need to focus on all of the watery patches in the landscape and in turn on the linkages between them. Over recent years, catchment and landscape‐based approaches to aquatic conservation have been on the rise. However, perhaps driven by a lack of legislative drivers, there remains a tendency to neglect small lakes, ponds, and headwater streams. With consideration of the current conservation scene in the UK, and using a small lowland river catchment (River Glaven, eastern England) as a case study, this paper outlines the strong need for an integrated approach to aquatic conservation that sees rivers, lakes, and ponds as habitat networks. It is proposed that river restoration needs to more fully embrace standing water habitats on floodplains (backwaters and ponds), frequently missing components in regulated rivers. Equally, is it argued that aquatic conservation strategies should focus more strongly on headwater areas where protecting/restoring networks of farmland ponds, ditches, and small streams should increase connectivity for aquatic species, while moderating floods and improving water quality for receiving systems. In this way, aquatic conservation should become a much more effective and sustainable activity with positive ecological consequences that cascade downstream and into the coastal zone. WIREs Water 2014, 1:573–585. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1045

This article is categorized under:

Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness

Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems

Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Disruptive ideas: public intellectuals and their arguments for action on climate change
Authors: Nisbet Matthew C.
Published: September 2014

In this paper, I analyze three distinct groups of prominent public intellectuals arguing for action on climate change. I detail how public intellectuals establish their authority, spread their ideas, and shape political discourse, analyzing the contrasting stories that they tell about the causes and solutions to climate change. ‘Ecological Activists’ like U.S. writer/activist BillMcKibbenor Charles Sturt University (AU) philosopher Clive Hamilton argue that climate change is a symptom of a capitalist society that has dangerously exceeded the carrying capacity of the planet. They are skeptical of technological or market‐based solutions to the problem, urging the need for a global movement that dramatically re‐organizes society. ‘Smart Growth Reformers’ likeUKeconomist Nicholas Stern or former U.S. vice president Al Gore agree that climate change poses catastrophic risks but argue that those risks can be avoided if political leaders adopt the right market‐based mechanisms, enabling sustainable economic growth to continue. ‘Ecomodernists’ likeThe New York Times(U.S.) writer Andrew Revkin and Oxford University (UK) anthropologist Steve Rayner argue for recognizing the biases in how we have conventionally defined climate change as a social problem. Progress will be achieved not by relying on social protest or market‐based mechanisms, but by government investment in a diverse menu of policies that catalyze technological innovation, protect against climate impacts, and provide developing countries abundant, cleaner sources of energy. To conclude, I propose methods for building on my analysis and urge the need for forums that feature a diversity of voices, discourses, and ideas.WIREs Clim Change2014, 5:809–823. doi: 10.1002/wcc.317

This article is categorized under:

Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Communication

Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and Practice
Climate change and perceptions, behaviors, and communication research after the IPCC 5th Assessment Report ‐ a WIREs Editorial
Authors: Lorenzoni Irene , Whitmarsh Lorraine
Published: September 2014

This article is categorized under:

Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Perceptions of Climate Change
A Spectrophotometric Study of Red Pyrotechnic Flame Properties Using Three Classical Oxidizers: Ammonium Perchlorate, Potassium Perchlorate, Potassium Chlorate
Authors: Juknelevicius Dominykas , Mikoliunaite Lina , Sakirzanovas Simas , Kubilius Rytis , Ramanavicius Arunas
Published: September 2014

Red pyrotechnic flames are mostly produced using strontium compounds. Flame color quality is dependent on the chemical composition of the mixture. The emission spectrum produced by strontium monohydroxide (SrOH) and strontium monochloride (SrCl) species in red colored flames was measured, analyzed, and compared. Chlorine was introduced into standard composition of anhydrous strontium nitrate and shellac using three different classical oxidizers – chlorine donors: potassium chlorate, potassium perchlorate, and ammonium perchlorate. Color points and excitation purity in CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram were calculated.
Robotic anterior resection in a patient with situs inversus: is it merely a mirror image of everything?
Authors: Foo Chi Chung , Law Wai Lun
Published: September 2014

Situs inversus (SI) is a rare condition involving transposition of internal organs. In performing minimally invasive surgeries for these patients, exact mirror image of the usual technique may not be easily achieved, especially for right-handed surgeons. We describe a case of robotic anterior resection in a patient with rectal cancer and SI, illustrating the technique and how robotic system facilitates the procedure. A 59-year-old gentleman presented with altered bowel habit. Colonoscopy showed an obstructing tumour at 10 cm from the anal verge. Computed tomography did not show distant metastasis, but revealed the diagnosis of SI. Intraoperative laparoscopy revealed peritoneal metastasis. Total robotic, single docking, anterior resection was performed to palliate his obstructive symptoms. The operation lasted for 3 h and 24 min. Blood loss was 100 ml. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. The patient was discharged on day four. The final pathology was T3N2M1.
Influence of Some Hofmeister Anions on the Krafft Temperature and Micelle Formation of Cetylpyridinium Bromide in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Islam Md. Nazrul , Sarker Khokan Chandra , Sharker Komol Kanta
Published: September 2014

In this work, the effect of some Hofmeister anions on the Krafft temperature (TK) and micelle formation of cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) have been studied. The results show that more chaotropic anions increase, while the less chaotropic ones lower the TK of the surfactant. More chaotropic I− and SCN− form contact ion pairs with the cetylpyridinium ion and reduce the electrostatic repulsion between the CPB molecules. As a result, these ions show salting‐out behavior, with a consequent increase in the TK. In contrast, less chaotropic Cl− and NO3− increase the activity of free water molecules and enhance hydration of CPB molecules, showing a decrease in the TK. A rather unusual behavior was observed in the case of SO42− and F−. These strong kosmotropes shift from their usual position in the Hofmeister series and behave like moderate chaotropes, lowering the TK of the surfactant. Because of the high charge density and the strong tendency for hydration these ions preferentially remain in the bulk. Rather than forming contact ion pairs, these ions stay away from the CPB molecules, decreasing the TK of the surfactant. In term of decreasing the TK, the ions follow the order NO3− > SO42− > Cl− > F− > Br− > SCN− > I−. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the surfactant decreases significantly in the presence of these ions due to the screening of the micelle surface charge by the excess counterions. The decreasing trend of the CMC in the presence of the salts follows the order SCN− > I− > SO42− > NO3− > Br− > Cl− > F−.
Demonstration of laser pulse amplification by stimulated Brillouin scattering
Authors: Guillaume E. , Humphrey K. , Nakamura H. , Trines R. M. G. M. , Heathcote R. , Galimberti M. , Amano Y. , Doria D. , Hicks G. , Higson E. , Kar S. , Sarri G. , Skramic M. , Swain J. , Tang K. , Weston J. , Zak P. , Alves E. P. , Fonseca R. A. , Fiúza F. , Habara H. , Tanaka K. A. , Bingham R. , Borghesi M. , Najmudin Z. , Silva L. O. , Norreys P. A.
Published: September 2014

The energy transfer by stimulated Brillouin backscatter from a long pump pulse (15 ps) to a short seed pulse (1 ps) has been investigated in a proof-of-principle demonstration experiment. The two pulses were both amplified in different beamlines of a Nd:glass laser system, had a central wavelength of 1054 nm and a spectral bandwidth of 2 nm, and crossed each other in an underdense plasma in a counter-propagating geometry, off-set by

$\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}10^\circ $

. It is shown that the energy transfer and the wavelength of the generated Brillouin peak depend on the plasma density, the intensity of the laser pulses, and the competition between two-plasmon decay and stimulated Raman scatter instabilities. The highest obtained energy transfer from pump to probe pulse is 2.5%, at a plasma density of

$0.17 n_{cr}$

, and this energy transfer increases significantly with plasma density. Therefore, our results suggest that much higher efficiencies can be obtained when higher densities (above

$0.25 n_{cr}$

) are used.
Stability of flow in a channel with longitudinal grooves
Authors: Moradi H. V. , Floryan J. M.
Published: September 2014

The travelling wave instability in a channel with small-amplitude longitudinal grooves of arbitrary shape has been studied. The disturbance velocity field is always three-dimensional with disturbances which connect to the two-dimensional waves in the limit of zero groove amplitude playing the critical role. The presence of grooves destabilizes the flow if the groove wavenumber $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}\beta $ is larger than $\beta _{tran}\approx 4.22$, but stabilizes the flow for smaller $\beta $. It has been found that $\beta _{tran}$ does not depend on the groove amplitude. The dependence of the critical Reynolds number on the groove amplitude and wavenumber has been determined. Special attention has been paid to the drag-reducing long-wavelength grooves, including the optimal grooves. It has been demonstrated that such grooves slightly increase the critical Reynolds number, i.e. such grooves do not cause an early breakdown into turbulence.
The Diagnostic Apathia Scale predicts the ability to return to work following depression or anxiety
Authors: Hellström LC , Eplov LF , Nordentoft M , Østergaard SD , Bech P
Published: September 2014

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of a new apathy rating scale in predicting the ability to return to work (RTW) in patients with depression or anxiety a year after discharge from a psychiatric hospital.

Methods

We evaluated 56 patients with depression or anxiety, who participated in an on-going randomised clinical trial using RTW as primary outcome. The degree of apathy was measured by the Diagnostic Apathia Scale, which contains six items covering the following neuropsychological symptoms: concentration/memory problems, difficulties in decision making, lassitude, tiredness/fatigue, insomnia, and reduced ability to work and engage in personal interests. The scale was analysed for psychometric validity (scalability) and for its ability to predict RTW. Finally, the predictive validity of the Diagnostic Apathia Scale regarding RTW was compared with scales measuring severity of depression/anxiety symptoms, disability, and psychological well-being.

Results

The Diagnostic Apathia Scale displayed sufficient scalability, that is, the total score was a psychometrically valid measure of apathy. Only the Diagnostic Apathia Scale, and not the scales measuring severity of symptoms, disability, or psychological well-being, had predictive validity regarding RTW. Thus, 76% with ‘clinically significant apathy’ at baseline were unable to RTW versus 50% of the patients without apathy (p<0.05).

Conclusion

The Diagnostic Apathia Scale was found to have an acceptable predictive validity in terms of patients’ ability to RTW 1 year after discharge from hospitalisation for depression or anxiety.
Dietary intake and nutritional risk in Mediterranean adolescents in relation to the severity of the eating disorder
Authors: Aparicio Estefania , Canals Josefa , Pérez Susana , Arija Victoria
Published: September 2014

Objective

To assess the relationship between the degree of severity of eating disorders (ED) and energy and nutrient intakes and nutritional risk in a mixed-sex adolescent population without clinical symptoms.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Data were collected in schools.

Subjects

Adolescents (n 495) aged 14·2 (sd 1·0) years. The Eating Attitudes Test was used to detect adolescents at risk of ED (rED) and a structured interview based on the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, was used to diagnose eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS). Dietary intake was quantified using the 24 h recall method over three days and the probability of inadequate intake was determined.

Results

Females presented lower intakes of energy, macronutrients and micronutrients (Ca, Fe, Mg, K, P, Na, thiamin, vitamins E, C, B6, B12, pantothenic acid, folic acid) because the severity of their ED was greater. These lower dietary intakes led to nutritional risk (for Ca, Fe, Mg, P, vitamins A, D, B6) in more than 80 % and 60 % of females with EDNOS and rED, respectively. The multiple linear regression models showed that the rED and EDNOS groups presented a lower energy intake of 1597·4 kJ/d (381·8 kcal/d) and 3153·0 kJ/d (753·6 kcal/d), respectively. In contrast, little difference was observed in the nutritional intakes of males.

Conclusions

The female adolescents showed lower energy and nutrient intakes as the ED became more severe, which led to energy, vitamin and mineral deficiencies in a high percentage of females with ED. These nutritional risks could hinder adequate physical and psychological development and lead to chronic ED.
MiR-630 inhibits proliferation by targeting CDC7 kinase, but maintains the apoptotic balance by targeting multiple modulators in human lung cancer A549 cells
Authors: Cao J-X , Lu Y , Qi J-J , An G-S , Mao Z-B , Jia H-T , Li S-Y , Ni J-H
Published: September 2014

MicroRNAome analyses have shown microRNA-630 (miR-630) to be involved in the regulation of apoptosis. However, its apoptotic role is still debated and its participation in DNA replication is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that miR-630 inhibits cell proliferation by targeting cell-cycle kinase 7 (CDC7) kinase, but maintains the apoptotic balance by targeting multiple activators of apoptosis under genotoxic stress. We identified a novel regulatory mechanism of CDC7 gene expression, in which miR-630 downregulated CDC7 expression by recognizing and binding to four binding sites in CDC7 3'-UTR. We found that miR-630 was highly expressed in A549 and NIH3T3 cells where CDC7 was downregulated, but lower in H1299, MCF7, MDA-MB-231, HeLa and 2BS cells where CDC7 was upregulated. Furthermore, the induction of miR-630 occurred commonly in a variety of human cancer and immortalized cells in response to genotoxic agents. Importantly, downregulation of CDC7 by miR-630 was associated with cisplatin (CIS)-induced inhibitory proliferation in A549 cells. Mechanistically, miR-630 exerted its inhibitory proliferation by blocking CDC7-mediated initiation of DNA synthesis and by inducing G1 arrest, but maintains apoptotic balance under CIS exposure. On the one hand, miR-630 promoted apoptosis by downregulation of CDC7; on the other hand, it reduced apoptosis by downregulating several apoptotic modulators such as PARP3, DDIT4, EP300 and EP300 downstream effector p53, thereby maintaining the apoptotic balance. Our data indicate that miR-630 has a bimodal role in the regulation of apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Our data also support the notion that a certain mRNA can be targeted by several miRNAs, and in particular an miRNA may target a set of mRNAs. These data afford a comprehensive view of microRNA-dependent control of gene expression in the regulation of apoptosis under genotoxic stress.
Liquid crystal-enabled electro-osmosis through spatial charge separation in distorted regions as a novel mechanism of electrokinetics
Authors: Lazo Israel , Peng Chenhui , Xiang Jie , Shiyanovskii Sergij V. , Lavrentovich Oleg D.
Published: September 2014

Electrically controlled dynamics of fluids and particles at microscales is a fascinating area of research with applications ranging from microfluidics and sensing to sorting of biomolecules. The driving mechanisms are electric forces acting on spatially separated charges in an isotropic medium such as water. Here, we demonstrate that anisotropic conductivity of liquid crystals enables new mechanism of highly efficient electro-osmosis rooted in space charging of regions with distorted orientation. The electric field acts on these distortion-separated charges to induce liquid crystal-enabled electro-osmosis. Their velocities grow with the square of the field, which allows one to use an alternating current field to drive steady flows and to avoid electrode damage. Ionic currents in liquid crystals that have been traditionally considered as an undesirable feature in displays, offer a broad platform for versatile applications such as liquid crystal-enabled electrokinetics, micropumping and mixing.
Real-time imaging of pulvinus bending in Mimosa pudica
Authors: Song Kahye , Yeom Eunseop , Lee Sang Joon
Published: September 2014

Mimosa pudica is a plant that rapidly shrinks its body in response to external stimuli. M. pudica does not perform merely simple movements, but exhibits a variety of movements that quickly change depending on the type of stimuli. Previous studies have investigated the motile mechanism of the plants from a biochemical perspective. However, an interdisciplinary study on the structural characteristics of M. pudica should be accompanied by biophysical research to explain the principles underlying such movements. In this study, the structural characteristics and seismonastic reactions of M. pudica were experimentally investigated using advanced bio-imaging techniques. The results show that the key factors for the flexible movements by the pulvinus are the following: bendable xylem bundle, expandable/shrinkable epidermis, tiny wrinkles for surface modification and a xylem vessel network for efficient water transport. This study provides new insight for better understanding the M. pudica motile mechanism through structural modification.
Quantitation of organic acids in wine and grapes by direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Lena do Nascimento Silva Flamys , Schmidt Eduardo Morgado , Messias Cláudio Luiz , Eberlin Marcos Nogueira , Helena Frankland Sawaya Alexandra Christine
Published: September 2014

Several organic acids such as malic, tartaric and citric acids were directly quantitated in wines and grapes.
Simultaneous determination of six earthy–musty smelling compounds in water by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Yu Shengbing , Xiao Qin , Zhong Xiuhua , Su Guangning , Xu Yinghua , Zhu Binghui
Published: September 2014

A simple, rapid, sensitive and highly efficient method for the simultaneous determination of six earthy–musty smelling compounds in water samples was developed, using headspace solid-phase microextraction followed by GC-MS.
Significance of surface charge and shell material of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) based core/shell nanoparticles on the composition of the protein corona
Authors: Sakulkhu Usawadee , Mahmoudi Morteza , Maurizi Lionel , Coullerez Geraldine , Hofmann-Amtenbrink Margarethe , Vries Marcel , Motazacker Mahdi , Rezaee Farhad , Hofmann Heinrich
Published: September 2014

We showed that protein corona is strongly dependent on the coating of the material.
Reduction-triggered aromatic to aromatic electronic structure switching in tribenzotetraazachlorin–fullerene conjugates
Authors: Fukuda Takamitsu , Sato Jun , Hashimoto Naoaki , Kobayashi Nagao
Published: September 2014

Electronic absorption spectral changes observed during sodium reduction of a tribenzotetraazachlorin–fullerene conjugate have clarified that the aromatic nature of the conjugate has been retained even in the one-electron reduced form.
Ruthenium-catalyzed highly regio- and stereoselective hydroarylation of aromatic sulfoxides with alkynes via C–H bond activation
Authors: Padala Kishor , Jeganmohan Masilamani
Published: September 2014

A ruthenium-catalyzed hydroarylation of aromatic sulfoxides with alkynes in the presence of AgSbF6 and pivalic acid yielding trisubstituted alkenes is described.
Cu2O mesoporous spheres with a high internal diffusion capacity and improved catalytic ability for the aza-Henry reaction driven by visible light
Authors: Wang Jun , Ma Jingwen , Li Xiaojie , Li Yang , Zhang Guoliang , Zhang Fengbao , Fan Xiaobin
Published: September 2014

Mesoporous Cu2O spheres with a large pore size (LP-Cu2O) bring out a better performance towards the photocatalytic aza-Henry reaction than Cu2O spheres with a small pore size (SP-Cu2O).
Copper-catalyzed cascade cyclization of 1,7-enynes with aromatic sulfonyl chlorides toward selective assembly of benzo[j]phenanthridin-6(5H)-ones
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhang Jia-Ling , Zhou Ming-Bo , Song Ren-Jie , Li Jin-Heng
Published: September 2014

A new Cu-catalyzed cascade cyclization reaction of 1,n-enynes with aromatic sulfonyl chlorides using an alkenyl–Cu intermediate strategy is described.
Reductive coordination replication of V2O5 sacrificial macrostructures into vanadium-based porous coordination polymers
Authors: Reboul Julien , Yoshida Kenji , Furukawa Shuhei , Kitagawa Susumu
Published: September 2014

The reductive coordination replication of V2O5 patterns provides the vanadium(iii) species required to build the mesostructures of [V(OH)ndc]n.
Metal-enhanced luminescence in colloidal solutions of CdSe and metal nanoparticles: investigation of density dependence and optical band overlap
Authors: Rohner Christian , Tavernaro Isabella , Chen Limei , Klar Peter J. , Schlecht Sabine
Published: September 2014

The photoluminescence (PL) of semiconductor nanoparticles (SNP) is strongly modified when the semiconductor is in the proximity of a metal surface or a metal nanoparticle (MNP).
Long-range influence of steps on water adsorption on clean and D-covered Pt surfaces
Authors: den Dunnen Angela , van der Niet Maria J. T. C. , Badan Cansin , Koper Marc T. M. , Juurlink Ludo B. F.
Published: September 2014

Water wets the D-covered Pt(111) surface (right), while it clusters at steps of D-covered Pt(533), (755), and (977) (left).
Promising anchoring groups for single-molecule conductance measurements
Authors: Kaliginedi Veerabhadrarao , V. Rudnev Alexander , Moreno-García Pavel , Baghernejad Masoud , Huang Cancan , Hong Wenjing , Wandlowski Thomas
Published: September 2014

Qualitative and quantitative comparison of the results obtained with different anchoring groups reveals structural and mechanistic details of the different types of single molecular junctions.
The role of copper particle size in low pressure methanol synthesis via CO2 hydrogenation over Cu/ZnO catalysts
Authors: Karelovic Alejandro , Ruiz Patricio
Published: September 2014

The size of copper nanoparticles exerts a significant influence on the selectivity of the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methanol.
Synthesis, characterization and biocompatibility of chitosan functionalized superparamagnetic nanoparticles for heat activated curing of cancer cells
Authors: Thorat N. D. , Otari S. V. , Patil R. M. , Bohara R. A. , Yadav H. M. , Koli V. B. , Chaurasia A. K. , Ningthoujam R. S.
Published: September 2014

The LSMO-chitosan core cell formation improves cell viability, colloidal stability and hyperthermia properties and is suitable in a cancer cell acidic environment.
Can a pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligand act as a proton-relay in f-element chemistry? Insights from a joint experimental/theoretical study
Authors: Kefalidis Christos E. , Perrin Lionel , Burns Carol J. , Berg David J. , Maron Laurent , Andersen Richard A.
Published: September 2014

Isomerisation of buta-1,2-diene to but-2-yne by (Me5C5)2Yb is a thermodynamically favourable reaction, with the ΔrG° estimated from experimental data at 298 K to be −3.0 kcal mol−1.
The near-future integration of microbial desalination cells with reverse osmosis technology
Authors: ElMekawy Ahmed , Hegab Hanaa M. , Pant Deepak
Published: September 2014

The combined negative effect of both fresh water shortage and energy depletion has encouraged the research to move forward to explore effective solutions for water desalination with less energy consumption.
A novel photoelectrocatalytic approach for water splitting by an I-BiOCl/bipolar membrane sandwich structure
Authors: Liu Xian , Yang Huimin , Dai Hongyan , Mao Xiaoming , Liang Zhenhai
Published: September 2014

A novel photoelectrocatalytic approach for water splitting through an I-BiOCl/bipolar membrane sandwich structure with photoelectro-synergistic catalysis is proposed in this study.
An improved U–Pb age dating method for zircon and monazite using 200/266 nm femtosecond laser ablation and enhanced sensitivity multiple-Faraday collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Kimura Jun-Ichi , Chang Qing , Itano Keita , Iizuka Tsuyoshi , Vaglarov Bogdan Stefanov , Tani Kenichiro
Published: September 2014

High precision U–Pb dating using multiple Faraday collectors has become available in LA-MC-ICP-MS.
A single amino acid substitution affects the substrate specificity of the seryl-tRNA synthetase homologue
Authors: Maršavelski Aleksandra , Lesjak Sonja , Močibob Marko , Weygand-Đurašević Ivana , Tomić Sanja
Published: September 2014

Recently described and characterizedBradyrhizobium japonicumglycine:[carrier protein] ligase 1 (Bj Gly:CP ligase 1), a homologue of methanogenic type seryl-tRNA synthetase (SerRS) is an intriguing enzyme whose physiological role is not yet known.
Fortification of blood plasma from cancer patients with human serum albumin decreases the concentration of cisplatin-derived toxic hydrolysis products in vitro
Authors: Morris Thomas T. , Ruan Yibing , Lewis Victor A. , Narendran Aru , Gailer Jürgen
Published: September 2014

Boosting the human serum albumin concentration in cancer patients is suggested to be a feasible strategy to possibly reduce the severe toxic side-effects of cisplatin.
Facile synthesis of Fe3O4nanoparticles on metal organic framework MIL-101(Cr): characterization and catalytic activity
Authors: Saikia Mrinal , Bhuyan Diganta , Saikia Lakshi
Published: September 2014

Fe3O4nanoparticles can be effectively incorporated into the matrix of MIL-101(Cr) to fabricate a Fe3O4@MIL-101 magnetic nanocomposite which behaves as a magnetic nanocatalyst for the solvent free oxidation of benzyl alcohol.
Synthesis and characterization of Cd4YbO(BO3)3 – a congruent melting cadmium–ytterbium oxyborate with large nonlinear optical properties
Authors: Zou Guohong , Huang Ling , Cai Huaqiang , Wang Shichao , Ye Ning
Published: September 2014

A novel ultraviolet nonlinear-optical material Cd4YbO(BO3)3 has been discovered in the CdO–Yb2O3–B2O3 system.
Multifunctional superparamagnetic nanoshells: combining two-photon luminescence imaging, surface-enhanced Raman scattering and magnetic separation
Authors: Jin Xiulong , Li Haiyan , Wang Shanshan , Kong Ni , Xu Hong , Fu Qihua , Gu Hongchen , Ye Jian
Published: September 2014

Core–shell superparamagnetic nanoshells (Fe3O4@SiO2@Au) can be utilized for two-photon luminescence imaging, surface-enhanced Raman scattering and magnetic separation.
Novel multiarm star block copolymer ionomers as proton conductive membranes
Authors: Erdogan Tuba , Bilir Cigdem , Erdal Unveren Elif , Demirel A. Levent , Tunca Umit
Published: September 2014

Novel multiarm star block copolymer ionomers containing hydrophobic fluorinated block at the periphery and partially sulfonated polystyrene block at the core with varying ion exchange capacities (IECs) were synthesized.
Dual hydrophilic and salt responsive schizophrenic block copolymers – synthesis and study of self-assembly behavior
Authors: Vasantha Vivek Arjunan , Jana Satyasankar , Lee Serina Siew-Chen , Lim Chin-Sing , Teo Serena Lay-Ming , Parthiban Anbanandam , Vancso Julius G.
Published: September 2014

Block copolymers undergoing conversion from “conventional” to “inverse” micelles upon changing the medium are described.
A fluorescent supramolecular polymer with aggregation induced emission (AIE) properties formed by crown ether-based host–guest interactions
Authors: Chen Dong , Zhan Jiayi , Zhang Mingming , Zhang Jing , Tao Jiaju , Tang Danting , Shen Ailin , Qiu Huayu , Yin Shouchun
Published: September 2014

A fluorescent supramolecular polymer with aggregation induced emission properties was constructed and applied in the detection of Pd2+ ions.
Qualitative and quantitative analyses of goitrin–epigoitrin in Isatis indigotica using supercritical fluid chromatography-photodiode array detector-mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Rui , Runco Jacquelyn , Yang Li , Yu Kate , Li Yiming , Chen Rui , Wang Zhengtao
Published: September 2014

A novel SFC/PDA/MS method was established for determination ofR- andS-goitrin inIsatis indigoticaand it was shown as an integral part of the overall analytical platform for natural product research, especially in the area of chiral analysis.
Influence of element doping on La–Mn–Cu–O based perovskite precursors for methanol synthesis from CO2/H2
Authors: Zhan Haijuan , Li Feng , Gao Peng , Zhao Ning , Xiao Fukui , Wei Wei , Sun Yuhan
Published: September 2014

Doped perovskites possess better structure properties, the catalytic performance depends on the behaviour of the reactants.
Effects of ultrasonic cavitation intensity on the efficient liquid-exfoliation of MoS2nanosheets
Authors: Qiao Wen , Yan Shiming , He Xuemin , Song Xueyin , Li Zhiwen , Zhang Xing , Zhong Wei , Du Youwei
Published: September 2014

An optimal power to exfoliate MoS2nanoflakes for high yield and small lateral size with narrow size distribution was obtained.
Electron transport via phenyl–perfluorophenyl interaction in crystals of fluorine-substituted dibenzalacetones
Authors: Liu Ling , Yang Guochun , Geng Yun , Wu Yong , Su Zhongmin
Published: September 2014

Although substitution with fluorine creates stability in organic electronic materials by altering the molecular crystal packing, the charge transport properties of the materials are significantly affected.
High performance of thick amorphous columnar monolithic film silicon anodes in ionic liquid electrolytes at elevated temperature
Authors: Markevich E. , Salitra G. , Rosenman A. , Talyosef Y. , Aurbach D. , Garsuch A.
Published: September 2014

The cycling performance of thick (about 7 μm) amorphous columnar monolithic film silicon anodes was studied in ionic liquid based electrolyte solutions. More than 1000 cycles at 60 °C were achieved.
Preparation of defect-free nanocaterpillars via in situ nanoparticlisation of a well-defined polyacetylene block copolymer
Authors: Yoon Ki-Young , Lee In-Hwan , Choi Tae-Lim
Published: September 2014

We report one-pot preparation of defect-free nanocaterpillars via in situ nanoparticlisation of conjugated polymers which were prepared by ROMP to produce diblock copolymers containing polyacetylene.
Tuning the band gap and optical properties of γ-Si3N4with rare earth element Ce
Authors: Han Yan-Xiao , Yang Chuan-Lu , Wang Mei-Shan , Ma Xiao-Guang
Published: September 2014

The present paper reports the investigation of optoelectronic properties of doped γ-Si3N4.
Upper-critical solution temperature (UCST) polymer functionalized graphene oxide as thermally responsive ion permeable membrane for energy storage devices
Authors: Shen Jingmei , Han Kai , Martin Elizabeth J. , Wu Yi Y. , Kung Mayfair C. , Hayner Cary M. , Shull Kenneth R. , Kung Harold H.
Published: September 2014

A UCST polymer functionalized graphene oxide as a thermally responsive ion permeable membrane.
Electrical bioimpedance measurement as a tool for dysphagia visualisation
Authors: Chester Chris J. , Gaynor Paul T. , Jones Richard D. , Huckabee Maggie‐Lee
Published: September 2014

A non‐invasive and portable bioimpedance method and a device for detecting superior to inferior closure of the pharynx during swallowing have been developed. The 2‐channel device measures electric impedance across the neck at two levels of the pharynx via injected currents at 40 and 70 kHz. The device has been trialled on both healthy and dysphagic subjects. Results from these trials revealed a relationship (r = 0.59) between the temporal separation of the second peaks in the bioimpedance waveforms and descending pressure sequence in the pharynx as measured by pharyngeal manometry. However, these features were only clearly visible in the bioimpedance waveforms for 64% of swallows. Further research is underway to improve the bioimpedance measurement reliability and validate waveform feature correlation to swallowing to maximise the device's efficacy in dysphagia rehabilitation.
Duobinary pulse position modulation – a novel coding scheme for the dispersive optical channel
Authors: Mostafa Kamrunnasim , Sibley Martin J.N. , Mather Peter J.
Published: September 2014

Pulse position modulation (PPM) coding schemes have been proposed and investigated widely as a technique of utilising the very high bandwidth available in optical fibres, achieving a significant improvement in sensitivity of 5–11 dB compared with an equivalent non‐return‐to‐zero on–off keying scheme. However, this improvement has some tradeoffs. When using eight‐level digital PPM, the final data rate can be as high as 32 times that of the original data, thus implementation becomes extremely difficult to the point where commercial viability becomes doubtful. In this study, the authors describe a novel coding scheme that combines the duobinary scheme with PPM to form DuoPPM. It is shown that DuoPPM gives a sensitivity greater than digital PPM while operating at two times the original data rate. Original results presented in this study predict that a high fibre bandwidth DuoPPM system can give a sensitivity of −42.2 dBm when operating with 1 Gbit/s on‐off keying (OOK) data and a fibre bandwidth of 100 GHz. In addition, it is shown that DuoPPM outperforms optimised digital PPM at low fibre bandwidths (1 GHz) by 8.7 dB.
A high pressure cell for supercritical CO2 on-line chemical reactions studied with x-ray techniques
Authors: Hermida-Merino Daniel , Portale Giuseppe , Fields Peter , Wilson Richard , Bassett Simon P. , Jennings James , Dellar Martin , Gommes Cedric , Howdle Steven M. , Vrolijk Benno C. M. , Bras Wim
Published: September 2014

A versatile high pressure X-ray sample cell has been developed for conducting in situ time-resolved X-ray scattering experiments in the pressure and temperature regime required (pressures up to 210 bars and temperatures up to 120 °C) for chemical reactions in supercritical fluids. The large exit opening angle of the cell allows simultaneous performance of SAXS-WAXS experiments. Diamond windows are used in order to benefit from the combination of maximum strength, minimal X-ray absorption and chemical inertia. The sample cell can also be utilised for X-ray spectroscopy experiments over a wide range of photon energies. Results of the online synthesis of a block copolymer, poly(methyl methacrylate-block-poly(benzyl methacrylate), by Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) in a supercritical CO2 dispersion polymerisation will be discussed. The contribution of the density fluctuations, as function of temperature, to the X-ray scattering signal has been quantified in order to allow appropriate background subtractions.
Slightly uneven electric field trigatron employed in tens of microseconds charging time
Authors: Lin Jiajin , Yang Jianhua , Zhang Jiande , Zhang Huibo , Yang Xiao
Published: September 2014

To solve the issue of operation instability for the trigatron switch in the application of tens of microseconds or even less charging time, a novel trigatron spark gap with slightly uneven electric field was presented. Compared with the conventional trigatron, the novel trigatron was constructed with an obvious field enhancement on the edge of the opposite electrode. The selection of the field enhancement was analyzed based on the theory introduced by Martin. A low voltage trigatron model was constructed and tested on the tens of microseconds charging time platform. The results show that the character of relative range was improved while the trigger character still held a high level. This slightly uneven electric field typed trigatron is willing to be employed in the Tesla transformer – pulse forming line system.
Freezing lines of colloidal Yukawa spheres. II. Local structure and characteristic lengths
Authors: Gapinski Jacek , Nägele Gerhard , Patkowski Adam
Published: September 2014

Using the Rogers-Young (RY) integral equation scheme for the static pair correlation functions combined with the liquid-phase Hansen-Verlet freezing rule, we study the generic behavior of the radial distribution function and static structure factor of monodisperse charge-stabilized suspensions with Yukawa-type repulsive particle interactions at freezing. In a related article, labeled Paper I [J. Gapinski, G. Nägele, and A. Patkowski, J. Chem. Phys. 136, 024507 (2012)], this hybrid method was used to determine two-parameter freezing lines for experimentally controllable parameters, characteristic of suspensions of charged silica spheres in dimethylformamide. A universal scaling of the RY radial distribution function maximum is shown to apply to the liquid-bcc and liquid-fcc segments of the universal freezing line. A thorough analysis is made of the behavior of characteristic distances and wavenumbers, next-neighbor particle coordination numbers, osmotic compressibility factor, and the Ravaché-Mountain-Streett minimum-maximum radial distribution function ratio.
Transition properties from the Hermitian formulation of the coupled cluster polarization propagator
Authors: Tucholska Aleksandra M. , Modrzejewski Marcin , Moszynski Robert
Published: September 2014

Theory of one-electron transition density matrices has been formulated within the time-independent coupled cluster method for the polarization propagator [R. Moszynski, P. S. Żuchowski, and B. Jeziorski, Coll. Czech. Chem. Commun. 70, 1109 (2005)]. Working expressions have been obtained and implemented with the coupled cluster method limited to single, double, and linear triple excitations (CC3). Selected dipole and quadrupole transition probabilities of the alkali earth atoms, computed with the new transition density matrices are compared to the experimental data. Good agreement between theory and experiment is found. The results obtained with the new approach are of the same quality as the results obtained with the linear response coupled cluster theory. The one-electron density matrices for the ground state in the CC3 approximation have also been implemented. The dipole moments for a few representative diatomic molecules have been computed with several variants of the new approach, and the results are discussed to choose the approximation with the best balance between the accuracy and computational efficiency.