bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MUNICÍPIOS DE PEQUENO PORTE: UMA ANÁLISE PRELIMINAR QUANTO À PESQUISA DE INFORMAÇÕES BÁSICAS EDUCACIONAIS MUNICIPAIS – MUNIC 2014
Authors: Pissaia Vitor Hugo , Brandão Carlos Da Fonseca
Published: May 2017

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a condição estrutural de gestão educacional dos municípios de pequeno porte, a partir das informações publicadas em 2015 pelo IBGE, “Pesquisa de Informações Educacionais Básicas Municipais” – MUNIC, tendo referência o ano de 2014. Apesar de utilizar dados quantitativos acerca do objeto de pesquisa, trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com o intuito de verificar os principais aspectos de gestão educacional frente às suas atribuições e atendimento aos dispositivos legais (LDB n. 9.394/96, PNE 2001 e PNE 2014). A pesquisa considera que existe a necessidade de estudos mais aprofundados no contexto de gestão educacional, sobre a condição desses municípios. Estes precisam atender aos dispositivos legais e às atribuições pertinentes (independentemente do seu porte) e também com relação à construção de uma agenda de implementação de políticas públicas educacionais que considere essa situação peculiar.
EXPERIENCIAS PEDAGÓGICAS: Estudio interdisciplinario y experiencia educativa sobre la alimentación Mocoví
Authors: Benzi Marina , Wicky Mariel , Camargo Ana , Escobar Yamila
Published: May 2017

En el presente trabajo se pretende destacar tres acontecimientos que merecen ser conocidos y difundidos. Los mismos tuvieron lugar en la carrera de Lic. en Nutrición, FBCB, de la UNL. En primer lugar, la realización de la tesina de las licenciadas en Nutrición, Ana L. Camargo y Yamila A. Escobar sobre los hábitos alimentarios y de consumo en la población Mocoví Aim Mokoilek de Colonia Dolores, los cambios en las últimas décadas y relación con el estado nutricional actual. Por otro lado, en el transcurso del dictado de la materia de Socioantropología de la Alimentación del 2016, Ana Camargo ofrece una clase expositivasobre el trabajo de investigación, la cual aborda la cuestión alimentaria desde una mirada interdisciplinaria, y comparte con el alumnado su aprendizaje y vivencia respecto a cuestionesteóricas-metodológicas específicas de su proyecto. Para finalizar, es meritorio reflexionar el lugar de Ana Camargo desde la cuestión metodológica, ya que al pertenecer a la comunidad mocoví de Colonia Dolores, su rol como investigadora debe ser problematizado. Los sucesos imprimen en la formación de los docentes y el alumnado, un compromiso humanitario; porlo tanto, se logra rescatar valores y formas de vida de la comunidad mocoví en y desde el ámbito universitario.
INVESTIGACIONES EDUCATIVAS 87: Licenciatura en nutrición de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral: la mirada de sus graduados recientes
Authors: Paulini Rosario B. , Dezar Gimena V.
Published: May 2017

El presente trabajo se sustenta en el reconocimiento de que los estudios de seguimiento de egresados constituyen una estrategia de investigación evaluativa de las instituciones de educación superior, en tanto permiten indagar sobre el impacto de la formación en los procesos de inserción, desarrollo profesional y personal de sus egresados.Este trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivos describir el perfil de los graduados de Licenciatura en Nutrición de la Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB); y la evaluación sobre la formación de grado recibida. Se realizó una investigación cuali-cuantitativa, de corte transversal, descriptiva e interpretativa. La población de estudio estuvo constituida por profesionales graduados de la  Licenciatura en Nutrición de la FBCB-UNL, en el periodo 2010-2013.Se realizó un cuestionario que fue cargado en el programa Google Drive, y la modalidad para contestar on-line e individual.Respecto al perfil de los graduados existe un predominio del sexo femenino, y provienendel interior de la provincia de Santa Fe. La evaluación de los mismos sobre la formación de grado recibida fue positiva. Además volverían a elegir la carrera de Licenciatura en Nutrición, y se sienten orgullosos de ser egresados de esta casa de estudio.
The Impact of Vodcast Utilisation upon Student Learning of Physiology by First Year Graduate to Entry Medicine Students
Authors: Rae Mark George , McCarthy Marian
Published: May 2017

Abstract: The current study sought to determine the effectiveness of video-on-demand podcasts (vodcasts) as a tool for facilitating the understanding of Physiology by first year undergraduate Graduate Entry to Medicine (GEM) students. 73 first year undergraduate GEM students were provided with full length vodcasts of lecture material in advance of each of 9 Physiology lectures. Exam performance, using identical sample questions, was assessed against performance of the 2012-2013 GEM I class, which did not have access to the vodcasts. Qualitative information of students’ perceptions of the vodcasts was also gathered and analysed. Analysis revealed that the study group of 2013-2014 GEM I students achieved significantly higher grades in various examination formats in comparison to the control 2012-2013 GEM I cohort. Qualitative analysis of responses to the attitudinal survey revealed that the majority of students liked the vodcasts and that previewing them before lectures did indeed facilitate understanding of the lecture material. However, only 15% of the class were able to view all 9 of the prepared vodcasts prior to lectures. Notably, the majority of students indicated that they also considered the vodcasts to be valuable revision tools. This study is the first to show that the use of vodcasts can provide clear, quantifiable benefits for medical student learning over and above lecture notes and/or lecture slides alone. Our analysis suggests that this improvement was due both to their use as a preview tool as well as facility for later revision of lecture content.
I Can Cee You! Using Videos in Online Courses to Promote Student Engagement
Authors: Oberne Alison
Published: May 2017

Universities worldwide engage students through online learning. One challenge is the ability to promote a community of learners in an online classroom. Faculty teaching online courses can include student video discussion posts to promote engagement and the development of an online student community. Faculty integrate student video posts into graded, online discussion board assignments. Students record and upload videos into online discussion board forums and then respond to one another’s videos using text-based discussion posts. There are benefits and challenges to this teaching method. Having a strong technical support staff can ease the use of video discussion posts in online courses. Overall, video discussion posts promote a sense of community in online courses
Using eCoaching to Improve Practice of Novice Teacher Educators
Authors: Regan Kelley , Weiss Margaret (Peggy) , Evmenova Anya
Published: May 2017

Coaching is becoming a more widely-accepted model of support for both preservice and inservice P-12 teachers. With the use of technology such as Bluetooth headsets and live streaming, coaching has become less intrusive and more “in the moment.” In this case study, we describe the use of an eCoaching process for two PhD students who taught courses in a teacher preparation program of a higher education institution. The four-step process included (a) observing the PhD students teach, (b) collaboratively developing instructional goals with the coach, (c) providing performance feedback while coaching, and (d) reflecting on the process with the two PhD students who were teaching undergraduate courses. Findings indicate that eCoaching was well received and provided multiple opportunities for both PhD students and their coach to reflect on instruction as well as the eCoaching process. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
The teachers’ role in the process of prevention child sexual abuse
Çocuk cinsel istismarını önleme sürecinde öğretmenlerin rolü
Authors: Küçük Sibel , Faydalı Saide , Yeşülyurt Maide
Published: May 2017

Teachers who are in communication with the children along their professional life and could observe physical and behavioral changes have very important roles in determination of sexual abuse, legal and social process. This study was conducted to determine the knowledge of teachers about determination of child sexual abuse, legal and social process.The study was conducted with 331 voluntary teachers who work a city at Central Anatolia Region between September 2014 and February 2015. For statistical analysis; mean, percentage, chi-square tests were used.It is determined that the mean age of the teachers was 39.0±8.0; the most of them were men, married, worked at primary school first stage and as branch teacher. It is found that physical and sexual abuse were most known, while abuse symptoms and required approaches, first reporting office, punishment when not reporting, legal and social process were least known by the teachers. It is determined that teachers who are in the Guidance and Psychological Counseling (GPC) and have been previous educated, their knowledge on determination of child sexual abuse, legal and social process were significantly higher than the others. Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetProfesyonel yaşamları boyunca çocuklarla iletişim halinde olan, çocuktaki fiziksel ve davranışsal değişiklikleri gözlemleyebilen öğretmenler çocuk cinsel istismarının belirlenmesinde, adli ve sosyal süreçte önemli roller üstlenmektedir. Çalışma öğretmenlerin çocuk cinsel istismarının belirlenmesine, adli ve sosyal sürece ilişkin bilgilerini saptanmak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.Orta Anadolu’da bir şehirde çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılan 331 öğretmenle Eylül 2014 - Şubat 2015 tarihleri arasında veriler toplanmıştır. Değerlendirmede ortalama, sayı, yüzde, ki-kare testleri kullanılmıştır.Öğretmenlerin yaş ortalamalarının 39.0±8.0, çoğunluğunun erkek, evli, lisans mezunu olduğu, ilköğretim I. kademede, branş öğretmeni olarak çalıştığı belirlenmiştir. En fazla fiziksel ve cinsel istismarın bilindiği, çocuk cinsel istismarı konusunda eğitim alma, istismarla karşılaşma, istismar belirtileri ve yapılması gerekenler, ilk ihbar makamı, istismarı bildirmeme durumundaki cezalar, adli ve sosyal süreç konularında bilgi düzeyinin düşük olduğu saptanmıştır. PDR branşında çalışma ve çocuk istismarına dair daha önce eğitim alma ile çocuk cinsel istismarını anlama, belirtilerini ve yapılması gerekenleri bilme arasındaki farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu belirlenmiştir (p=0.00).
Dancing manly men: Gender analaysis of experiements of male dancers
Dans eden “erkek adamlar”: Erkek dansçıların deneyimlerine toplumsal cinsiyet analizi
Authors: Kavasoğlu İrem , Rençbereli Merve , Yenel İbrahim Fatih
Published: May 2017

Gendered nature of sports excludes women and also men in some sports. The patriarchal culture’s way of coding dance as a feminine act is creating some restrictions for men. The aim of this study is to examine the meaning and limits of being a male dancer in Adana. Datas were collected by semi-structured interviews using phemonologhy which is one of  research methods of qualitative research method. The participants was constituted by 5 male dancer (salsa). Data were analyzed by the content analysis method. The findings of the data obtained from the analysis collected under three themes: 1 Masculine Norms: Does a man dance? 2 Humiliated femininity: Do not wiggle like a girl, 3 Homophobia: You look like a gay son, you have to wear this? As a result, a significant domination generated by the dominance over the body acts set by gender differences over male dancers was observed. The strategy to get rid of prejudice and oppression is to insist, to prove that they are successful and not to wear tights.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetSpor dallarının toplumsal cinsiyetlendirilmiş yapısı bazı sporlarda kadınları bazılarında ise erkekleri dışlamaktadır. Ataerkil kültürün dansı dişil bir edim olarak kodlaması, erkekler için bir takım kısıtlamalar yaratmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Adana’da erkek dansçı olmanın anlam ve sınırlarını incelemektir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenemonoloji yönteminin kullanıldığı araştırmanın verileri yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme yöntemi ile toplanmıştır.  Araştırmanın katılımcılarını 5 erkek dansçı (salsa) oluşturmuştur. Veriler içerik analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Veri analizi sonucunda elde edilen bulgular 3 tema altında toplanmıştır: 1 Eril Normlar: Erkek adam dans eder mi? 2 Aşağılanan Kadınlık: Karı gibi kıvırtma, 3 Homofobi: Oğlum gey gibi olmuşsun bunu giymek zorunda mısın? Sonuç olarak, cinsiyet farklılıklarının bedenin edimleri üzerinde kurduğu hakimiyetin, erkek dansçılar üzerinde önemli bir tahakküm oluşturduğu görülmüştür. Dansçılar için önyargı ve baskıdan kurtulma stratejisi ise ısrarcı olmak, başarılı olduklarını ispat etmek ve tayt giymemektir.
Dichotomy of global capacity density in metric measure spaces
Authors: Aikawa Hiroaki , Björn Anders , Björn Jana , Shanmugalingam Nageswari
Published: May 2017

The variational capacity

cap
p

{\operatorname{cap}_{p}}

in Euclidean spaces is known to enjoy the
density dichotomy at large scales, namely that for every

E
⊂

ℝ
n

{E\subset{\mathbb{R}}^{n}}

,

inf

x
∈

ℝ
n

⁡

cap
p

⁡

(

E
∩

B
⁢

(
x
,
r
)

,

B
⁢

(
x
,

2
⁢
r

)

)

cap
p

⁡

(

B
⁢

(
x
,
r
)

,

B
⁢

(
x
,

2
⁢
r

)

)

\inf_{x\in{\mathbb{R}}^{n}}\frac{\operatorname{cap}_{p}(E\cap B(x,r),B(x,2r))}%
{\operatorname{cap}_{p}(B(x,r),B(x,2r))}

is either zero or tends to 1 as

r
→
∞

{r\to\infty}

.
We prove that this property still holds in unbounded
complete geodesic metric spaces equipped
with a doubling measure supporting a p-Poincaré inequality,
but that it can fail in nongeodesic metric spaces and also for the Sobolev
capacity in

ℝ
n

{{\mathbb{R}}^{n}}

.
It turns out that
the shape of balls impacts the validity of the density dichotomy.
Even in more general metric spaces, we construct families of sets, such as
John domains, for which the density dichotomy holds.
Our arguments include an exact formula for the variational capacity of
superlevel sets for capacitary potentials
and a quantitative approximation from inside of
the variational capacity.
Actively managed products: Think-aloud data and methods in applied linguistics research
Authors: Deschambault Ryan
Published: May 2017

Verbal reports, specifically in the form of concurrent verbalizations (i.e., think-alouds [TAs]), have played a foundational role in the production of knowledge in applied linguistics. Most often drawn upon because the talk they generate is deemed to accurately reflect individual learners’ thought or cognitive processes as they complete an L2 task, concurrent verbalization methods have been central to investigations of and claims about the learning, use, and assessment of L2 vocabulary, listening, speaking, reading, and writing (among others). And although critical discussion concerning the quality of spoken data obtained through concurrent verbalization methods continues among L2 researchers (e.g., Cohen, Andrew D. 1987. Using verbal reports in research on language learning. In Claus Færch & Gabriele Kasper (eds.),Introspection in second language research, 82–95. Philadelphia: Multilingual Matters; Cohen, Andrew D. 1996. Verbal reports as a source of insights into second language learner strategies.Applied Language Learning7(1–2). 5–24; Cohen, Andrew D. 2013. Verbal report. In Carol A. Chapelle (ed.),The encyclopedia of applied linguistics. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell), the majority of this discussion has focused primarily on how best to generate talk which “more accurately reflect[s] the actual thought processes” of L2 users (Cohen, Andrew D. 2013. Verbal report. In Carol A. Chapelle (ed.),The encyclopedia of applied linguistics. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell: 1). The result has been to further naturalize approaches to concurrent verbalizations which treat language as a neutral means for accessing cognition, and similarly, which treat the verbalizations themselves as individually accomplished events. In this article, my aim is to diversify the critical discussion by describing how discursive psychology (e.g., Edwards, Derek & Jonathan Potter. 1992.Discursive psychology. New York: Sage; Potter, Jonathan. 2006. Cognition and conversation.Discourse Studies8(1). 131–140) and a conversation analytic perspective (e.g., Kasper, Gabriele. 2009. Locating cognition in second language interaction and learning: Inside the skull or in public view?International Review of Applied Linguistics47. 11–36; Markee, Numa & Mi-Suk Seo. 2009. Learning talk analysis.International Review of Applied Linguistics47. 37–63) can be combined to present an alternative to both ‘naturalized’, as well as sociocultural, understandings of concurrent verbalization data and methods. To this end, after establishing some of the key differences between information processing, sociocultural, and discursive approaches, I draw on data from two recently published TA-based studies in an attempt to accomplish two goals: the first is to shift critical discussion towards issues of epistemology, methodology, and research representation, and the second is to identify methodological issues about which researchers working from different conceptual orientations might engage in cross-paradigmatic dialogue.
Two new epizoic Achnanthes species (Bacillariophyta) living on marine turtles from Costa Rica
Authors: Majewska Roksana , De Stefano Mario , Ector Luc , Bolaños Federico , Frankovich Thomas A. , Sullivan Michael J. , Ashworth Matt P. , Van de Vijver Bart
Published: May 2017

It has been known for a long time that marine mammals, such as whales and dolphins, host a very specific epizoic community on their skin. Whether or not a similar community exists on the carapaces of sea turtles is less studied. The present paper describes two new epizoic diatoms from the genus
Intellectual Property Rights, Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Freedom
Authors: Saravia Antonio , Canavire-Bacarreza Gustavo J. , Rios-Avila Fernando
Published: May 2017

Abstract:

The relationship between intellectual property rights (IPR) protection and foreign direct investment (FDI) continues to pose a challenging puzzle. While several studies have found that these two variables are positively correlated, others have not been able to find conclusive results. We contend that a partial explanation resides on institutional differences among host countries. We find that increases in IPR protection encourage FDI in countries in which the institutional environment, as proxied by indices of economic freedom, is efficient but not otherwise. We use threshold regression techniques on samples ranging from 81 to 102 countries during the 1990 - 2010 period.
Time Series Data Storage System Based on Big Data Technologies: Architecture and Implementation
Authors: Wu Kehe , Zhu Yayun , Chen Zuge
Published: May 2017

A steady usage growth of various smart meters/sensors types comes along with the development of Smart Grid. Due to that smart meters/sensors usually produce data continuously, the state-of-the-art storage architecture will no longer be sustainable under such a dramatic data increase circumstance. It is crucial that these data shall be stored for both short and long term analysis to seek valuable information. This paper proposed a scalable and distributed storage architecture for time series data, and further substantiated the proposed storage framework on a proof-of-concept testbed using a cluster of low-cost and credit-card-sized single-board computers. We evaluated the proposed distributed storage framework and proof-of-concept testbed with a comprehensive set of performance measures. Results showed that low-cost hardware and open source technologies could be utilized for large-scale time series data storage.
Cryptanalysis of an RSA variant with moduli N=prql
Authors: Lu Yao , Peng Liqiang , Sarkar Santanu
Published: May 2017

In this paper we study an RSA variant with moduli of the form

N
=

p
r

⁢

q
l

{N=p^{r}q^{l}}

(

r
>
l
≥
2

{r>l\geq 2}

).
This variant was mentioned by Boneh, Durfee and Howgrave-Graham [2]. Later Lim, Kim, Yie and Lee [11] showed that this variant is much faster than the standard RSA moduli in the step of decryption procedure. There are two proposals of RSA variants when

N
=

p
r

⁢

q
l

{N=p^{r}q^{l}}

. In the first proposal, the encryption exponent e and the decryption exponent d satisfy

e
⁢
d

≡

1
mod

p

r
-
1

⁢

q

l
-
1

⁢

(

p
-
1

)

⁢

(

q
-
1

)

ed\equiv 1\bmod p^{r-1}q^{l-1}(p-1)(q-1)

, whereas in the second proposal

e
⁢
d

≡

1
mod

(

p
-
1

)

⁢

(

q
-
1

)

ed\equiv 1\bmod(p-1)(q-1)

. We prove that for the first case if

d
<

N

1
-

(

3
⁢
r

+
l

)

⁢

(

r
+
l

)

-
2

{d<N^{1-({3r+l}){(r+l)^{-2}}}}

, one can factor N in polynomial time. We also show that polynomial time factorization is possible if

d
<

N

(

7
-

2
⁢

7

)

/

(

3
⁢

(

r
+
l

)

)

{d<N^{({7-2\sqrt{7}})/{(3(r+l))}}}

for the second case. Finally, we study the case when few bits of one prime are known to the attacker for this variant of RSA. We show that given

min
⁡

(

l

r
+
l

,

2
⁢

(

r
-
l

)

r
+
l

)

⁢

log
2

⁡
p

{\min(\frac{l}{r+l},\frac{2(r-l)}{r+l})\log_{2}p}

least significant bits of one prime, one can factor N in polynomial time.
Lust an Gewalt: appetitive Aggression als Teil der menschlichen Natur
Authors: Elbert Thomas , Moran James K. , Schauer Maggie
Published: May 2017

Appetitive Aggression bezeichnet eine biologische Anlage, die zu aggressivem Verhalten motiviert und Gewaltausübung unter positiven Affekt zulässt. Im Gegensatz zur reaktiven Aggression, die hilft, sich einer Bedrohung zu erwehren und begleitende negative emotionale Erregung und Ärger zu reduzieren, erlaubt die appetitive Gewalt die Übertragung von Jagdlust auch auf Menschenjagd und kann bis hin zum Blutrausch führen, dem Töten um seiner selbst Willen. Neben einer Adrenalinwelle begleitet Cortisol- und Endorphinausschüttung dieses meist ethisch inakzeptable Vergnügen. Um die Belohnungssysteme über appetitive Aggression zu aktivieren, muss entsprechend deren moralische und kulturelle Hemmung außer Kraft gesetzt werden, etwa durch Entmenschlichung des Feindes bei bewaffneten Gruppen. Einmal in Gang gesetzt ergibt sich eine positive Rückmeldeschleife: Je mehr Gewalttaten mit Anteilen von positivem Affekt erlebt werden, desto mehr werden sie ausgeübt und desto positiver werden sie empfunden. Die latente Leidenschaft für Kampf und Dominanz kann wohl zumindest in fast allen Männern geweckt werden. Im Kollektiv ermöglicht dies Krieg und Zerstörung bis hin zum Versuch, ganze ethnische Gruppen auszulöschen:„Je mehr wir töteten, desto mehr kamen wir auf den Geschmack weiter zu machen. Wenn man die Gier ungestraft ausleben kann, lässt sie einen nie los. Man konnte sie uns an unseren vom Töten hervorquellenden Augen ablesen. […] Es war ein unvorhergesehenes Volksvergnügen.“(aus Hatzfeld, 2004). Appetitive Aggression, die Anlage zur Lust an Gewalt ist also keineswegs eine psychopathologische Besonderheit sondern Teil der menschlichen Natur, Teil des menschlichen Verhaltensrepertoires. Moral, Kultur und das Gewaltmonopol des Staates sind die Wächter, um das Aggressionspotenzial zu regulieren und in wünschenswerte Bereiche zu lenken.
Bedeutung von Activin für Kognition, Affekt und neuronales Überleben
Authors: Zheng Fang , Link Andrea , Alzheimer Christian
Published: May 2017

Activin ist ein multifunktionales regulatorisches Protein und gehört zur Transforming Growth Factor-β-Familie. Im adulten Gehirn fördert Activin neuronales Überleben bei akuter und chronischer Schädigung. Der Faktor reguliert neuronale Schaltkreise aber auch unter physiologischen Bedingungen. Activin soll hier als ein Master-Molekül vorgestellt werden, das erregende und hemmende Synapsen im ZNS in einer Weise beeinflusst, die kognitive Leistungen fördert und die Gemütslage stabilisiert. Activin unterstützt Lernen und Gedächtnis durch Verstärkung der synaptischen Plastizität, wobei NMDA-Rezeptoren und die Dendriten-Morphologie wichtige Angriffspunkte darstellen. Eine gentechnische Blockade des Activin-Signalwegs senkt über eine Veränderung der GABA-Wirkung das Angstverhalten. Außerdem mehren sich Hinweise, dass Activin als endogenes Antidepressivum und Mediator antidepressiver Therapien fungieren könnte.
Lust for violence: Appetitive aggression as a fundamental part of human nature
Authors: Elbert Thomas , Moran James K. , Schauer Maggie
Published: May 2017

Appetitive aggression describes a biologically-driven form of aggressive behaviour and violence characterized by positive affect. In contrast to reactive aggression, which has the function of resisting a threat, and reducing concomitant negative emotional arousal and anger, appetitive aggression underlies the pleasure of violence. A prototypical example is hunting, which can in turn transfer to the hunting of humans and can even result in bloodlust, and killing for its own sake. At the physiological level, this morally illicit pleasure is accompanied by an adrenalin surge, the release of cortisol and endorphins. In order to activate reward systems via appetitive aggression, their moral and cultural restraints need to be overridden. For example, armed groups work to dehumanize the enemy. Once initiated, a positive feedback loop is generated: As the individual commits more acts of violence with elements of positive affect, the tendency to commit them grows, and they begin to be perceived more positively. A latent passion for fighting and dominance can probably be evoked in almost all men and in some women. The cumulative outcome of whole groups, tribes, or communities enacting this aggression is war and destruction, to the point of trying to extinguish entire ethnic groups:“… and yes, human beings, hundreds of thousands of otherwise normal people, not professional killers, did it.”(from “The Killers in Rwanda Speak” by Jean Hatzfeld, 2005). Thus, appetitive aggression, the disposition towards a lust for violence, is by no means a psychopathological anomaly but an intrinsic part of the human behavioural repertoire. Morality, culture and the state monopoly on violence constitute the guards that regulate aggression potential and to channel it into socially useful forms.
DFG-Sonderforschungsbereich SFB1193 „Neurobiologie der Resilienz gegenüber stressinduzierter psychischer Dysfunktion: Mechanismen verstehen und Prävention fördern“
Authors: Kalisch Raffael , Wessa Michèle , Lutz Beat
Published: May 2017

Stressbedingte psychische Erkrankungen wie Angst, Depression, chronischer Schmerz oder Sucht können großes individuelles Leid sowie hohe gesellschaftliche und wirtschaftliche Folgekosten nach sich ziehen. Fortschritte in unserem Verständnis der zugrunde liegenden Krankheitsmechanismen und insbesondere in der Entwicklung neuer Therapien waren trotz großer Forschungsanstrengungen in den letzten Jahrzehnten nur begrenzt; stressbedingte Erkrankungen sind immer noch weit verbreitet. Wir glauben daher, dass es an der Zeit ist, pathophysiologische Forschung durch einen alternativen Ansatz zu ergänzen, der darin besteht, Schutzmechanismen zu untersuchen, die die Aufrechterhaltung der psychischen Gesundheit während und nach Lebenskrisen (z.B. potenziell traumatisierende Ereignisse, schwierige Lebensumstände oder Lebensumbrüche, körperliche Erkrankungen) unterstützen. Eine Fokussierung auf Resilienz anstatt auf Krankheit stellt einen Paradigmenwechsel in der psychischen Gesundheitsforschung dar und birgt Chancen für die Entwicklung von Präventionsstrategien. Mit unserer SFB-Initiative möchten wir zu diesem Paradigmenwechsel beitragen, indem wir (i) eine kohärente Theorie für die neurobiologische Erforschung der Resilienz gegen stressbedingte psychische Störungen entwickeln (Ziel 1 des SFB), (ii) neurobiologische Resilienzmechanismen identifizieren und besser verstehen (Ziel 2) und (iii) die auf diese Weise gewonnenen Einsichten für neue oder verbesserte Präventionen nutzbar machen (Ziel 3).
Late Antiquity and World History
Authors: Humphries Mark
Published: May 2017

The flourishing of late-antique studies in the last half-century has coincided with the rise of “world history” as an area of academic research. To an extent, some overlap has occurred, particularly with Sasanian Persia being considered alongside the late Roman Empire as constituting an essential component in what we think of in terms of the “shape” of late antiquity. Yet it is still the case that many approaches to late antiquity are bound up with conventional western narratives of historical progress, as defined in Jack Goody's The Theft of History (2006). Indeed, the debate about whether late antiquity was an age of dynamic transformation (as argued by Peter Brown and his disciples) or one of catastrophic disruption (as asserted, most recently, by Bryan Ward-Perkins) can be regarded as representing two different faces of an essentially evolutionary interpretation of western historical development. This article argues, however, that we can challenge such conventional narrative frameworks by taking a world historical perspective on late antiquity. It shows, first, that our interpretation of late antiquity depends on sources that themselves are representative of myriad local perspectives. Secondly, it argues that since Gibbon's time these sources have been made to serve an essentially western construct of and debate about history. The final section considers how taking a more global perspective allows us to challenge conventional approaches to and narratives of late antiquity.
Public History, Invisibility, and Women in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Casserly Maeve , O’Neill Ciaran
Published: May 2017

It seems that Ireland is lagging behind other nations in gender balance in promoting and exhibiting its history. This article seeks to interrogate current representations of women within what can be called “public history” in Ireland. It will also contextualize the integration of women as both creators and subjects of history over recent years. It will point to inadequacies, of course, but also examples of great practice that bodes well for the future.
Phosphorylation of Pkp1 by RIPK4 regulates epidermal differentiation and skin tumorigenesis
Authors: Lee Philbert , Jiang Shangwen , Li Yuanyuan , Yue Jiping , Gou Xuewen , Chen Shao‐Yu , Zhao Yingming , Schober Markus , Tan Minjia , Wu Xiaoyang
Published: May 2017

Tissue homeostasis of skin is sustained by epidermal progenitor cells localized within the basal layer of the skin epithelium. Post‐translational modification of the proteome, such as protein phosphorylation, plays a fundamental role in the regulation of stemness and differentiation of somatic stem cells. However, it remains unclear how phosphoproteomic changes occur and contribute to epidermal differentiation. In this study, we survey the epidermal cell differentiation in a systematic manner by combining quantitative phosphoproteomics with mammalian kinome cDNA library screen. This approach identified a key signaling event, phosphorylation of a desmosome component, PKP1 (plakophilin‐1) by RIPK4 (receptor‐interacting serine–threonine kinase 4) during epidermal differentiation. With genome‐editing and mouse genetics approach, we show that loss of function of either Pkp1 or Ripk4 impairs skin differentiation and enhances epidermal carcinogenesis in vivo. Phosphorylation of PKP1's N‐terminal domain by RIPK4 is essential for their role in epidermal differentiation. Taken together, our study presents a global view of phosphoproteomic changes that occur during epidermal differentiation, and identifies RIPK‐PKP1 signaling as novel axis involved in skin stratification and tumorigenesis.
Role of osteocytes in mediating bone mineralization during hyperhomocysteinemia
Authors: Vijayan Viji , Gupta Sarika
Published: May 2017

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY) is a risk factor for osteoporosis but whether HHCY affects bone mineralization or not is still ambiguous. Herein we evaluated whether homocysteine affects tissue mineral density (TMD) of cortical bone and if so the role of osteocytes. CD1 mice administered with homocysteine (5 mg/100 g body weight, i.p.) for 7, 15 and 30 days showed temporal changes in TMD and osteocyte lacunar density in femoral cortices. Short-term administration of homocysteine (day 7) increased osteocyte lacunar density and reduced TMD evidenced by microCT50 while prolonged administration of homocysteine (day 30) reinstated TMD and lacunar density to baseline values. Major differences were decreased number of nucleated osteocyte lacunae, increased number of empty lacunae and cleaved caspase 3-positive osteocyte lacunae in day 30 HHCY bone evidenced by H&E staining and immunohistochemistry. Other differences were induction in mineralization genes likeDmp1, PhexandSostin cortical bone by real-time PCR and increased number of Dmp1- and Sost-positive osteocyte lacunae in day 30 HHCY bone evidenced by immunohistochemistry. Both HHCY day 7 and day 30 samples showed reduced Young’s modulus demonstrating that biomechanical property of bone was lost during early HHCY itself, which did not improve with recovery of TMD. Our results thus demonstrate occurrence of two phases in cortical bone upon HHCY: the early phase that involved loss of TMD and increase in osteocyte numbers and a late phase that involved osteocyte reprogramming, apoptosis and mineralization, which reinstated TMD but compromised biomechanical property. To conclude, osteocytes have a potential role in arbitrating bone pathogenesis during HHCY.
Efecto gastroprotector y capacidad antioxidante del extracto acuoso de las vainas de Caesalpinia spinosa ‘tara’, en animales de experimentación
Authors: Callohuari Rosalía , Sandoval Vegas Miguel , Huamán Gutiérrez Oscar
Published: May 2017

Objetivo. Determinar el efecto protector del extracto acuoso de las vainas de tara Caesalpinia spinosa (Molina) Kuntze, en la mucosa gástrica de animales de experimentación. Diseño. Experimental. Institución. Centro de Investigación de Bioquímica y Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Material biológico. Extracto acuoso de las vainas de tara (EAVT) y 36 ratas albinas macho (217g ± 22 g). Intervenciones. Las ratas albinas previo ayuno de 24 h fueron divididas en 6 grupos: GI y GII, NaCl 0,9% a 20 mL/kg; GIII, GIV y GV, EAVT en dosis de 100, 400 y 800 mg/kg, respectivamente; y, GVI hidroflat 500 mg/kg. Una hora después, se provocó la injuria gástrica con etanol 70° para luego realizar la gastrectomía. Principales medidas de resultados. Porcentaje de protección de la mucosa, empleando el software ImageJ 1.48v, y para la actividad antioxidante el método 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidracil (DPPH). Resultados. El EAVT presentó compuestos fenólicos y taninos en mayor cantidad. Exhibió alta actividad antioxidante (IC50 = 1,12 ± 0,04 μg/mL). El mayor porcentaje de protección se observó a las dosis de 800 mg/kg (99,7%) y 400 mg/ kg (73,1%) p<0,01, lo cual fue confirmado por el análisis histopatológico. Conclusiones. El EAVT mostró actividad antioxidante y protectora en el modelo experimental de lesión gástrica inducida por etanol de 70°, de manera dosis dependiente.
Leadership as Identity: the Focus in African Literature
Authors: Paasche Karin Ilona Ilona
Published: May 2017

The Panama Papers leakage implicated several African leaders in global corruption deals. It confirmed perceptions that these leaders care little for their people. African leaders who overstay term limits are the focus of Western democratic ire. Pro-democracy movements, the overthrow of regimes characterised as undemocratic gain unquestioned media coverage and praise. African leaders are summoned to the International Criminal Court in The Hague; their societies debate whether justice can be administered from outside. Increasingly, voices question African political and developmental processes. African Literature participates in struggles defining modern Africa’s search for identity and its own definition of leadership. It points to possibilities rooted in African Oral Tradition and in customs predating various colonial systems. Leadership forms that societies choose are closely linked to perceptions of identity. This paper examines the crisis of identity which has resulted in Africa’s crisis of leadership and looks at approaches taken by African writers and filmmakers: Malian filmmaker Cheik Oumar Sissoko’s film La Genèse (1999), South African writer Zakes Mda’s novels Ways of Dying(1995), Heart of Redness (2000).
Racial and Ethnic Differences in ADHD Treatment Quality Among Medicaid-Enrolled Youth
Authors: Cummings Janet R. , Ji Xu , Allen Lindsay , Lally Cathy , Druss Benjamin G.
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVES:

We estimated racial/ethnic differences in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) care quality and treatment continuity among Medicaid-enrolled children.

METHODS:

Using Medicaid data from 9 states (2008 to 2011), we identified 172 322 youth (age 6 to 12) initiating ADHD medication. Outcome measures included: (1) adequate follow-up care in the (a) initiation and (b) continuation and maintenance (C&M) treatment phases; (2) combined treatment with medication and psychotherapy (versus medication alone); (3) medication discontinuation; and (4) treatment disengagement (ie, discontinued medication and received no psychotherapy). Logistic regressions controlled for confounding measures.

RESULTS:

Among those initiating medication, three-fifths received adequate follow-up care in the initiation and C&M phases, and under two-fifths received combined treatment. Compared with whites, African American youth were less likely to receive adequate follow-up in either phase (P < .05), whereas Hispanic youth were more likely to receive adequate follow-up in the C&M phase (P < .001). African American and Hispanic youth were more likely than whites to receive combined treatment (P < .05). Over three-fifths discontinued medication, and over four-tenths disengaged from treatment. Compared with whites, African American and Hispanic children were 22.4% and 16.7% points more likely to discontinue medication, and 13.1% and 9.4% points more likely to disengage from treatment, respectively (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Care quality for Medicaid-enrolled youth initiating ADHD medication is poor, and racial/ethnic differences in these measures are mixed. The most important disparities occur in the higher rates of medication discontinuation among minorities, which translate into higher rates of treatment disengagement because most youth discontinuing medication receive no psychotherapy.
White cheeses as a potential source of bioactive peptides
Authors:   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade, Serbia, Barać Miroljub
Published: May 2017

In addition to the nutritional value, cheese and other fermented milk-based products are a good source of biologically active proteins and peptides. Bioactive peptides in cheese are mainly formed during cheese production, especially during ripening, which is one of the most important stages in cheese production. Since the ripening process differ significantly depending on the cheese type, it can be assumed that their bioactivity is also substantially different. White brined cheeses are specific for the region of South-Eastern Europe. They are characterized by relatively intensive proteolysis and as such may be of interest as products with favorable functional characteristics. Yet, their functionality is still insufficiently characterized. This paper presents an overview of the current knowledge on white brined cheese’s bioactive peptides.
Una cultura de paz para el post conflicto
Authors: Caviedes Raimundo , Arteta Ripoll Cristóbal
Published: May 2017

El presente artículo es una aproximación conceptual al problema de la cultura de paz con vistas al postconflicto en Colombia. En primer lugar se diferencia lo que sería el desarme por parte de los actores armados fuera de la ley (FARC) y la construcción de una cultura de paz, lo que implica un salto hacia una mayor democratización de la sociedad que incluye mayor justicia social e igualdad de derechos. Por otra parte, un cambio de mentalidad que lleve al trato digno, mayor tolerancia, el reconocimiento del otro y las inclusiones de todos los sujetos en el tejido social. Este último sería un proceso mucho más largo y toca todas las estructuras e instituciones sociales dentro de las cuales la educación juega un papel primordial. El método utilizado se basa en la interpretación contextual de la realidad colombiana, con vistas a un eventual postconflicto en Colombia.
Movilización étnica a la consolidación democrática en la ciudad de Cali-Colombia
Authors: García Cifuentes William Andrés , Vanegas Gonzales Diana
Published: May 2017

El artículo describe algunos procesos de movilización social de indígenas y afrodescendientes en la ciudad de Cali hacia la consolidación democrática a través de partidos políticos de orientación étnica. Se expone la relación entre los partidos políticos y las comunidades étnicas, y se analizan algunas dinámicas de la representación política étnica desde lo local. La pregunta de fondo tiene que ver con la forma como los aspirantes políticos se relacionan con las diferentes concepciones de identidad étnica de las comunidades que representan, sea esta una identidad esencialista (observable en rasgos estereotípicos) o una identidad instrumentalista (dependiente de la situación de la política en lo local).
Justicia y responsabilidad social. Derecho y deber humanos. Una visión desde el pensamiento de Walzer y ejemplos de la desigualdad en México
Authors: Mendoza Valdés Rubén , González Fabián Elba Margarita
Published: May 2017

La justicia social, entendida como un modo de igualdad compleja, conlleva la necesidad inseparable del ejercicio de la responsabilidad social de las instituciones que representan las esferas de distribución de bienes, en tanto un deber. En ese sentido, Walzer considera que solo en la medida en laque la distribución responda a los significados sociales, podrán cubrirse, en el marco de la igualdad, las necesidades de una sociedad en un ámbito de derechos comunitarios y deberes ciudadanos. Lo anterior representa un faro orientador para las políticas y responsabilidades de las instituciones y empresas de los países con enormes problemas de desigualdad social, como es el caso de México.
Lokalanästhesien beim Wiederkäuer
Authors: Schwarz Andrea , Ringer Simone , Nuss Karl
Published: May 2017

Lokalanästhetika ermöglichen es, chirurgische Eingriffe am Wiederkäuerpatienten in der Praxis schmerzfrei, effizient und kostengünstig vorzunehmen. Eine Kombination aus Sedation, Fixation und Lokalanästhesie kann bei vielen Indikationen (z. B. Kastration, Klauenamputation) die Allgemeinanästhesie ersetzen. Für eine Vielzahl von Eingriffen stehen einfache Techniken (z. B. lokale Infiltration, Anästhesie des Ramus cornualis), aber auch komplexere Techniken (z. B. Lokalanästhesie am Auge, an den Gliedmaßen oder für Nabeloperationen) zur Verfügung. Die Arbeit gibt eine bebilderte Übersicht zu Lokalanästhesietechniken vor allem beim Rind, aber auch beim kleinen Wiederkäuer, die als Anleitung für die Anwendung in der Praxis dienen kann. Viele dieser Techniken lassen sich prinzipiell auch auf andere Wiederkäuer oder Paarhufer übertragen.
FORECASTING OF PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF NEW VEHICLES
Authors: Krasheninin O. S. , Klymenko O. V. , Ponomarenko O. V.
Published: May 2017

Purpose. The research work focuses on forecasting of performance evaluation of the tractive and non-tractive vehicles that will satisfy and meet the needs and requirements of the railway industry, which is constantly evolving. Methodology. Analysis of the technical condition of the existing fleet of rolling stock (tractive and non-tractive) of Ukrainian Railways shows a substantial reduction that occurs in connection with its moral and physical wear and tear, as well as insufficient and limited purchase of new units of the tractive and non-tractive rolling stock in the desired quantity. In this situation there is a necessity of search of the methods for determination of rolling stock technical characteristics. One of such urgent and effective measures is to conduct forecasting of the defining characteristics of the vehicles based on the processes of their reproduction in conditions of limited resources using a continuous exponential function. The function of the growth rate of the projected figure degree for the vehicle  determines the logistic characteristic that with unlimited resources has the form of an exponent, and with low ones – that of a line. Findings. The data obtained according to the proposed method allowed determining the expected (future) value, that is the ratio of load to volume of the body for non-tractive rolling stock (gondola cars) and weight-to-power for tractive rolling stock, the degree of forecast reliability and the standard forecast error, which show high prediction accuracy for the completed procedure. As a result, this will allow estimating the required characteristics of vehicles in the forecast year with high accuracy. Originality. The concept of forecasting the characteristics of the vehicles for decision-making on the evaluation of their prospects was proposed. Practical value. The forecasting methodology will reliably determine the technical parameters of tractive and non-tractive rolling stock, which will meet the modern requirements of the railroading, including at the design stage and while upgrading the vehicles.
NETWORK TRAFFIC FORCASTING IN INFORMATION-TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM OF PRYDNIPROVSK RAILWAYS BASED ON NEURO-FUZZY NETWORK
Authors: Pakhomova V. M.
Published: May 2017

Purpose. Continuous increase in network traffic in the information-telecommunication system (ITS) of Prydniprovsk Railways leads to the need to determine the real-time network congestion and to control the data flows. One of the possible solutions is a method of forecasting the volume of network traffic (inbound and outbound) using neural network technology that will prevent from server overload and improve the quality of services. Methodology. Analysis of current network traffic in ITS of Prydniprovsk Railways and preparation of sets: learning, test and validation ones was conducted as well as creation of neuro-fuzzy network (hybrid system) in Matlab program and organization of the following phases on the appropriate sets: learning, testing, forecast adequacy analysis. Findings. For the fragment (Dnipropetrovsk – Kyiv) in ITS of Prydniprovsk Railways we made a forecast (day ahead) for volume of network traffic based on the hybrid system created in Matlab program; MAPE values are as follows: 6.9% for volume of inbound traffic; 7.7% for volume of outbound traffic. It was found that the average learning error of the hybrid system decreases in case of increase in: the number of inputs (from 2 to 4); the number of terms (from 2 to 5) of the input variable; learning sample power (from 20 to 100). A significant impact on the average learning error of the hybrid system is caused by the number of terms of its input variable. It was determined that the lowest value of the average learning error is provided by 4-input hybrid system, it ensures more accurate learning of the neuro-fuzzy network by the hybrid method. Originality. The work resulted in the dependences for the average hybrid system error of the network traffic volume forecasting for the fragment (Dnipropetrovsk-Kyiv) in ITS Prydniprovsk Railways on: the number of its inputs, the number of input variable terms, the learning sample power for different learning methods. Practical value. Forecasting of network traffic volume in ITS of Prydniprovsk Railways will allow for real-time identification of the network congestion and control of data flows.