bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONSUMER COOPERATION IN AGRICULTURE IN THE REGION
Authors: Vorobyovа V.V. , Vorobyov S.P.
Published: January 2021

The article aims to identify the problems of development of agricultural consumer cooperatives in the Altai territory in the food supply system. The stages of changes in the number of consumer cooperatives in Russia are revealed: from 2006 to 2010 — an increase in the number, from 2011 to the present-a decrease in the number with an increase in revenue per organization, a high concentration of income in a large group of cooperatives is shown — 10.0% of cooperatives received 72.11% of the total revenue of all organizations. The paper assesses the current trends of small-scale farming in Russia. On the example of the Altai territory, the main trend of the development of households: in this category, producers reduced the number of livestock, poultry, increasing the number of bee-families; households remain the main producers of potatoes, vegetables, wool, honey commodity, milk and meat cattle, poultry; the marketability of production tends to increase, but remains low. There is practically no reserve for growth in sales volumes due to the development of production and sales cooperation, since no more than five cooperatives actually operate.
Propofol-Induced Severe Necrotizing Pancreatitis
Authors: Parekh Akarsh , Zhang Howard
Published: January 2021

Propofol is a widely used sedative for gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures. Drug-induced pancreatitis is a relatively rare disease possibly because of poor recognition. Propofol-induced pancreatitis is an extremely rare phenomenon. We present a 22-year-old healthy man who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy with propofol as a sedative. Soon after, he developed acute upper gastrointestinal symptoms and was diagnosed with pancreatitis. His prolonged hospital course was complicated with necrotizing pancreatitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, and other end-organ damages. We hope to increase awareness of a life-threatening adverse event of a commonly used anesthetic such as propofol.
Residência pedagógica na formação do aluno de Letras-Espanhol da UFPB
Authors: Oliveira dos Santos Mayra Suézia
Published: January 2021

Considerando que o Residência Pedagógica (RP) é um programa, executado em sua primeira versão entre 2018 e 2020, que se volta ao aperfeiçoamento dos discentes dos cursos de licenciatura, trataremos, neste trabalho, de explicitar e discutir, pontualmente, as atividades realizadas durante a sua execução no Ensino Médio e Técnico. Os objetivos são: (i) narrar as atividades realizadas e (ii) refletir sobre a sua contribuição na formação do aluno de Letras-espanhol da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, UFPB. Para tanto, a nossa metodologia se deu por meio de observações: de aulas de espanhol e do contexto escolar, como também através das regências de aulas e da elaboração e aplicação de um plano de ação. Nos fundamentos em autores e documentos que dialogam sobre o RP, sobre o ensino de línguas estrangeiras e a formação docente, a saber: Brasil (1998; 2006), LEFFA (1999), MORENO FERNÁNDEZ (2005), Biazi, Gimenez e Stuts (2011), SILVA (2012) e Costa e Fontoura (2015). Concluímos que o RP contribuiu com a formação do licenciando, uma vez que o coloca em ação com a teoria vista na academia e a prática vivida na escola. Os resultados mostram que foi possível refletir positivamente acerca da formação docente propiciada pelas atividades realizadas no RP.
A INSERÇÃO DE MIGRANTES ALAGOANOS NO MERCADO DE TRABALHO DA CIDADE DE ITUIUTABA-MG
Authors: Oliveira Leandro Divino Miranda de , Silva Jussara Goulart da , Ramos Noézia Maria , Prado Rejane Alexandrina Domingues Pereira do , Dutra Sérgio Mendes , Amuy Larissa Costa
Published: January 2021

Este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar os principais fatores que levam os habitantes de Alagoas a migrar para a cidade de Ituiutaba–MG. O estudo caracteriza-se como exploratório e qualitativo, sendo a coleta de dados feita por meio de entrevistas individuais em profundidade, realizadas com alagoanos que migraram para o município. Já em relação a amostragem, foi amostra por conveniência. O trabalho se torna importante por permitir o entendimento das contribuições dos migrantes para o desenvolvimento da região do Pontal.  Foi possível detectar que a maior parte dos alagoanos veio das cidades do interior de Alagoas, devido às desigualdades sociais, e a maioria vem para Ituiutaba-MG com o intuito de trabalhar. Os trabalhos geralmente desempenhados pelos alagoanos são de maioria braçal em usinas e frigoríficos. Constatou-se também que a maioria dos migrantes estão satisfeitos com o atual emprego e que não pretendem voltar para a sua cidade natal.
GEOGRAFIA E MOBILIDADE:
Authors: Sousa Adriano Amaro de Sousa
Published: January 2021

A mobilidade populacional foi à mola propulsora para esta pesquisa cientifica de doutoramento, tendo centralidade nos deslocamentos espaciais, em virtude das múltiplas trajetórias do nikkei na porção Oeste do Estado de São Paulo, visando uma dinâmica territorial pela tríade colonização-migração-natureza. Mas, nesta nota, procuraremos nos prender somente na questão das primeiras aproximações da geografia com o conceito de mobilidade(s) pelos clássicos da geografia.
NATUREZA E A PRODUÇÃO DE VALORIZAÇÃO IMOBILIÁRIA NAS CIDADES BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Fabiane Darlan , Spinelli Juçara , De Souza Reginaldo José
Published: January 2021

A natureza convertida em mercadoria, valor de troca explorado pelos agentes imobiliários, representa uma nova forma de segregação urbana, pois quando legalizada traduz-se em felicidade e qualidade de vida e quando ilegal, torna-se alternativa de local para (sobre)viver. Este artigo, originado de revisão de literatura, apresenta e discute a natureza como mercadoria explorada pelo mercado imobiliário, evidenciando sua apropriação nos discursos mercantis estratégicos. O texto estrutura-se em breve debate sobre os espaços de moradia de estratos de baixa e de alta renda, tecendo considerações sobre legalização, formalidade e informalidade da produção do espaço urbano. Por fim, aborda o papel da Geografia neste cenário e contribui para elucidar noções acerca dos entes atrelados à problemática ambiental que permeia a produção do espaço urbano.
AVALIAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO DO ÍNDICE ∆NBR PARA A IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE ÁREAS INCENDIADAS NA MICRORREGIÃO DE UBERABA, MG
Authors: Pantaleão Júnior Claudio Manoel , Vicente Ferreira Ricardo
Published: January 2021

No Brasil é comum a ocorrência queimadas nas áreas rurais, destacando as perdas de vegetação e em alguns casos, perdas econômicas, sendo as últimas geralmente associada à agricultura. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é mapear as áreas queimadas na Microrregião de Uberaba por meio do sensoriamento remoto e avaliar a precisão do índice ∆NBR entre os dias 03 de agosto e 12 de setembro de 2017. Foram utilizadas imagens do satélite Sentinel-2A por meio do sensor MSI e a exatidão dos resultados foi avaliada com aplicação do índice Kappa. A aplicação e a verificação dos índices se mostram eficazes para o propósito como resultados os procedimentos geraram dados essenciais para o estudo do evento como do desempenho do índice e sendo avaliado com 55,2% de precisão.
RISCO E VULNERABILIDADE SOCIOAMBIENTAL URBANA:
Authors: Ortiz Porangaba Gislene Figueiredo , Bacani Vitor Matheus , Milani Patrícia Helena
Published: January 2021

No presente artigo buscou-se analisar a temperatura superficial diurna e noturna da cidade de Três Lagoas-MS para identificar áreas com alterações térmicas positivas, considerando as informações de renda da população como indicativo de risco e vulnerabilidade socioambiental urbana. Do ponto de vista teórico e metodológico, foi trabalhado a partir de duas frentes – dados quantitativos, elaboração de mapas e levantamento de informações sobre renda da população por um lado, e por outro, análises qualitativas desses dados e informações, em um esforço de desdobrar diálogos entre as diferentes dimensões da Geografia. Constatou-se que as temperaturas mais elevadas na cidade são aquelas em que a população de menor renda predomina, sob perspectiva da moradia; o que confirma a relação entre conforto térmico e desigualdade socioespacial.
DINÂMICA IMOBILIÁRIA E MORADIA ESTUDANTIL:
Authors: Santos Maria Isabel Araújo dos , Tracz Caroline Aparecida Marchioro , Schmidt Lisandro Pezzi
Published: January 2021

A crescente urbanização repercute no aumento da produção habitacional e estratégica nas cidades. Um dos principais fatores que influenciam o crescimento da produção imobiliária é a funcionalidade das cidades e do aumento de novas unidades estudantis, sobretudo, próximas as Instituições de Ensino Superior/IES. A pesquisa teve por objetivo identificar a dinâmica imobiliária de acordo com a produção de moradias estudantis nas proximidades das IES em Guarapuava/PR. A pesquisa identificou como as imobiliárias se comportam dentro da necessidade para se adaptar a dinâmica e comparar os parâmetros que atendem ao público específico. Os principais resultados encontrados foram o perfil, valores e caracterização dos imóveis produzidos e em produção, a importância da localização e algumas das estratégias utilizadas na dinâmica imobiliária.
Maio de 68: contribuições para nascer a primeira universidade de tecnologia na França
Authors: Cechin Marizete Righi , Pilatti Luiz Alberto , Ramond Bruno
Published: January 2021

No mês de maio de 1968 ocorreram muitas manifestações de estudantes e de trabalhadores por toda a França e também em vários outros países. Paris foi o epicentro e o movimento ficou conhecido como Maio de 68. Entre as reinvindicações dos estudantes estava o desejo por melhores condições físicas e didáticas das universidades e a ampliação do sistema universitário francês. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar as contribuições do Maio de 68 para a ampliação do sistema universitário na França, sobretudo para a criação da universidade de tecnologia. O estudo é bibliográfico. Os resultados evidenciam que o movimento motivou a aprovação da Lei n° 68-978, de 12/11/1968, que trata da orientação do ensino superior Francês, ampliou o número de universidade no país, criou um novo mapa para as universidades, promoveu a divisão da Universidade de Paris em 13 unidades, a partir de 1971. O Maio de 68 também foi um motivo a mais para criar a primeira universidade de tecnologia da França, a Universidade de Tecnologia de Compiègne, em 1972. Conclui-se que o Maio de 68 foi a oportunidade concreta que faltava para a efetivação de longas reflexões na França para remodelar a estrutura da universidade vinda desde a era de Napoleão Bonaparte.
Sons da alfabetização no Brasil Império: atualidade de Castilho e Jacotot
Authors: Albuquerque Suzana Lopes de , Boto Carlota
Published: January 2021

Ao indicar a “instrução fônica sistemática” como um de seus princípios norteadores, a Política Nacional de Alfabetização – PNA (2019) ressoa uma latente discussão metodológica imperial que perpassava as querelas entre as marchas sintética e analítica no ensino da língua materna. Esse artigo apresenta as matrizes do método fônico, criado pelo português António Feliciano de Castilho (1855), e do método analítico do Ensino Universal, criado por Joseph Jacotot (1834), que circularam e geraram embates em solo brasileiro no século XIX. Restringir as divergências do processo de alfabetização ao aspecto metodológico da adoção dessas marchas reitera o viés tecnicista desacoplado do contexto social, histórico, político e cultural dos sujeitos envolvidos.
A constituição do professor primário na Bahia republicana: diálogo com a legislação (1890-1919)
Authors: Miguel Antonieta , Menezes Jaci Maria de Ferraz , Santana Elizabete Conceição
Published: January 2021

O presente estudo investiga a constituição da profissão de professor primário durante a Primeira República a partir da legislação educacional. Toma as Reformas do Ensino no Estado da Bahia entre 1890 a 1919 para entender a dinâmica que a profissão docente assumiu nos textos legais, considerando como marcadores o acesso/recrutamento à carreira do magistério; a tipologia de professores; e a formação profissional. A análise desses aspectos apontou para permanências de concepções sobre a ideia de professor e formas de recrutamento provenientes do Império que repercutiram nas primeiras décadas republicanas e resultaram em uma política fiscalizadora e de controle sobre a formação, acesso e progressão profissional do professor primário.
Memórias de gestores de escolas rurais durante a Ditadura Civil-Militar brasileira (1964-1985)
Authors: Pasinato Darciel
Published: January 2021

O objetivo do artigo é investigar as memórias de gestores das Escolas Aníbal Magni e Frei Anselmo, localizadas no interior do município de Selbach, no norte do Rio Grande do Sul, no período que compreende a Ditadura Civil-Militar brasileira entre 1964 e 1985. Estudando as vinculações estabelecidas entre as instituições e os procedimentos pelos quais as representações da institucionalização destas escolas foram estabelecidas, é que se pode perceber e entender atitudes e condutas históricas produzidas coletivamente. Com foco no eixo das instituições escolares, tem a Memória como pressuposto teórico e utiliza a metodologia da História Oral. Por fim, no que diz respeito ao perfil dos gestores escolares, prevalece o foco no pedagógico, dado que os gestores eram responsáveis por conduzir questões de ensino e aprendizagem, ao lado dos docentes. Consideremos que os gestores colaboraram com a educação das comunidades onde atuaram, tornando-se evidente nas narrativas de memória, no reconhecimento que recebem dos seus ex-alunos.
Migração, Seleção e Diferenciais de Rendimentos do Trabalho no Centro-Oeste do Brasil – 2000/2010
Authors: Da Silva Filho Luís Abel , Patrick Leite Santos  , Denis Fernandes Alves  , Bruno César Brito Miyamoto  , Jaim José da Silva Junior
Published: January 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo testar a hipótese de seleção positiva migratória intermunicipal na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Como abordagem empírica é estimado um modelo econométrico a partir do método de seleção amostral de Heckman utilizando-se os dados de migração intermunicipal extraídos dos Censos Demográficos do Brasil nos anos 2000 e 2010. Os resultados mostram que o migrante intermunicipal da região Centro-Oeste do Brasil é positivamente selecionado e que as características não observáveis afetam a decisão de migração.
Ética y veridicción en las últimas investigaciones de Michel Foucault
Authors: Gálvez Aguirre Javier
Published: January 2021

En este artículo se plantea una lectura de la historia de la verdad en Foucault a partir de la importancia progresiva que le concedió el autor en sus últimas producciones a la relación entre los procesos de veridicción y el estudio de la ética. El estatuto y el rol de la ética en la obra de Foucault, dependiente de un cierto análisis de la parrhesía, hace posible una interpretación de esa historia de la verdad de un modo que se escapa a la noción de poder atribuida generalmente a Foucault: aquella que no permite pensar positivamente la autonomía de los sujetos.
Sartre y Foucault: a propósito del humanismo
Authors: Ramírez Giraldo César Augusto , Arrieta Burgos Enán
Published: January 2021

En este artículo se analiza el humanismo de Jean-Paul Sartre y el antihumanismo de Michel Foucault, para abordar, así, la discusión sostenida entre estos dos pensadores. Foucault critica a Sartre por construir su filosofía a partir del concepto de hombre. Sartre reprocha a Foucault su escasa originalidad y el descuido de la historia. Trataremos de mostrar los sesgos que alimentan las posiciones foucaultianas y sartrianas. Mientras que Foucault realiza una lectura apresurada del humanismo sartriano, ubicándolo en la episteme moderna; Sartre orienta, a partir de sus convicciones políticas, las descalificaciones teóricas en contra de Foucault.
Commercial Names and Logos
Authors: Abdullah Rozhan N.
Published: January 2021

This paper entitles 'Commercial Names and Logos: A practical Study' addresses naming job place boards with a special focus on the overuse of foreign names; grammatical and spelling mistakes; and other legal violations. The study consists of two parts, conclusion, and the bibliography.  The first part which is theoretical, throws light on the definition and the functions of commercial names; commercial logos; the relation between commercial names and logos; the history of logo; and the related legal procedures. In the practical part i.e., second part, we have specified and corrected the observed mistakes It concentrates on the ways to name business places, the related required conditions such as innovation and renovation. Then, we have suggested some regulations. The samples are taken from Sulaymanyah, Erbil, Koya and Ranya. We have explained the situation in terms of culture, and using foreign words, language policy, and the ways to choose a name, and the mistakes were explained. The researcher concluded that most of those shop boards in Kurdistan Region do not conform to the Kurdish linguistic rules.  They use foreign words. There  is a strong tendency to attract customers. KRG has not taken the situations seriously. The spelling mistakes are common. They need to be proofread and corrected.
OCCUPATIONAL CHOICE AND CAREER/JOB SATISFACTION AMONG YOUNG SPECIALISTS
Authors: Lubyagina Lubyagina Anastasiya Fedorovna Fedorovna , Gurskaya Svetlana Pavlovna , Melnikova Natalya Nikolaevna
Published: January 2021

Background: Professional activity is an important component of self-realization. Career and job satisfaction contribute to greater productivity and a sense of success. The initial stage of professional self-determination is occupational choice. Therefore, it is important to understand how to choose a profession and experience a higher level of career and job satisfaction. Aim: the paper aims to study the parameters of occupational choice among young specialists associated with career and job satisfaction in the future. Materials and methods. The sample consisted of 48 respondents, both females and males, young specialists from various professional fields with work experience from 1 year to 3 years. The study was conducted by means of a structured interview followed by content analysis of the data obtained. Career and job satisfaction were studied through self-reporting of subjects. Statistical processing of the data was carried out using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient and the Mann–Whitney U-test in the SPSS Statistics program. Results. The parameters of occupational choice among young specialists were studied such as information saturation, emotional attractiveness, motives of choice, as well as their components. It was found that the “information saturation” parameter includes such elements as “information about the profession”, “knowledge of oneself”, “personal experience of acquaintance with the profession”. The “emotional attractiveness” parameter includes “professional interest” and “emotional attitude”. It was found that personal experience and emotional attractiveness are most closely associated with career and job satisfaction among young specialists. Reliance on motives from the “activity content” category is associated with greater career and job satisfaction, and reliance on motives from the “personal security” category is associated with less pronounced satisfaction in the future. Conclusion. Thus, it was possible to prove the relationship between occupational choice and the subsequent career and job satisfaction among young specialists.
DETERMINING STRATEGIES FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT IN REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS WITH ESOPHAGEAL VARICES IN THE EARLY POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD
Authors: Semichev Evgenii Vasilievich , Sevostyanova Mariya Sergeevna , Chernomurova Polina Andreevna
Published: January 2021

Background. Despite numerous data on the impossibility of effective rehabilitation of somatic patients without taking into account their psychological status, the psychological profile of patients with esophageal varices remains unexplored and not taken into account in the early postoperative period. Aim. The paper aims to identify the psychological features of patients with esophageal varices to determine promising strategies for increasing the effectiveness of the rehabilitation process in the early postoperative period. Materials and methods. The sample included 22 patients with a verified diagnosis of I 85.9 (ICD-10) and a disease duration of 1 year, who underwent in-hospital treatment in connection with the forthcoming endoscopic sclerosis. Structured clinical interviews and a detailed self-assessment test of disease significance, anxiety level, depression, awareness skills and a system of fundamental cognitive beliefs were conducted. Statistical processing was performed using the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results. Both subclinical and clinical anxiety was diagnosed in 7 patients (31.81 %) each. No correlation was found between age, disease duration, the number of hospitalizations and the expression of anxiety and depressive symptoms. A high or very high effect of esophageal varices was revealed on the following spheres of social status – a limited feeling of strength and energy (90.9 %), career restrictions (81.8 %), material damage (77.2 %), limited pleasure (68.1 %). The relationship between self-assessment of disease significance (experiencing the impact of the disease on various spheres of life), awareness skills and the system of cognitive beliefs was reliably confirmed. Conclusion. Effective rehabilitation of patients with esophageal varices using the strategies of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy during the early postoperative period has been proven.
"Treasures from the Wreck of the Unbelievable" - archeologia jako element strategii artystycznej Damiena Hirsta
Authors: Brillowski Wojciech
Published: January 2021

The most important element of Damien Hirst's multimedia project "Treasures from the Wreck of Unbelivable" was the exhibition, presented from April 9 to December 3, 2017 in Venice, in the galleries of the Pinault Foundation in Punta della Dogana and Palazzo Grassi. It was completed by several book publications and a 90-minute film of the same title, made available globally on the Netflix online platform on January 1, 2018. The exhibition included over a hundred objects, mainly sculptures, made in various techniques and materials in a wide range of sizes. The film, stylized as a popular science documentary, presents the fictional story of their discovery and exploration at the bottom of the Indian Ocean, and their transport to Venice. It develops the main idea of the exhibition – a fictitious vision of the origin of these objects from an ancient wreck, filled with artistic collections, belonging to a fabulously rich ancient Roman freedman, with the significant name Cif Amotan II (anagram from “I am a fiction”). Realizing this fancy artistic vision, most of the works were made as if they had been damaged by the sea waves and overgrown with corals and other marine organisms. Hirst created a comprehensive and all-encompassing narrative using the principle of "voluntary suspension of unbelief," formulated by Samuel T. Coleridge. The artist sets himself and the viewer on a fantastic journey into the ancient past, taking up subjects central to his ouevre for decades: faith, relations of art and science, transience and death. He does this by means of numerous references to the artistic and mythological heritage of antiquity, not only Graeco-Roman, but also of other great cultures and civilizations.

            Although the formal and technical aspects of the project will also be discussed, the main goal of the author is to analyze how Hirst used the knowledge of antiquity (classics) to create both the exhibition itself and the mockumentary. The artist made archeology an element binding his narrative together, showing in the film not only how artefacts were obtained from the bottom of the ocean. He also presented a number of tasks that scientists deal with at various stages of the project – from the first discovery, through interpretation and conservation, to the presenting at the museum-like exhibition. Of course, his purpose was not to create a study in the methodology of underwater exploration, but to reflect on the cognitive power of science examining remains of ancient times. By juxtaposing two possible attitudes towards relics of the past, i.e. the strict discipline of the scholar and the imagination of the treasure hunter, he concludes that narratives arising from them will both have the character of a mythical tale. The ontic status of the artefacts themselves, as the things of the past, left in a fragmentary state by the passage of time, sets all the stories related to them within the discourse of faith.
Engulfed by Glia: Glial Pruning in Development, Function, and Injury across Species
Authors: Raiders Stephan , Han Taeho , Scott-Hewitt Nicole , Kucenas Sarah , Lew Deborah , Logan Mary A. , Singhvi Aakanksha
Published: January 2021

Phagocytic activity of glial cells is essential for proper nervous system sculpting, maintenance of circuitry, and long-term brain health. Glial engulfment of apoptotic cells and superfluous connections ensures that neuronal connections are appropriately refined, while clearance of damaged projections and neurotoxic proteins in the mature brain protects against inflammatory insults. Comparative work across species and cell types in recent years highlights the striking conservation of pathways that govern glial engulfment. Many signaling cascades used during developmental pruning are re-employed in the mature brain to “fine tune” synaptic architecture and even clear neuronal debris following traumatic events. Moreover, the neuron-glia signaling events required to trigger and perform phagocytic responses are impressively conserved between invertebrates and vertebrates. This review offers a compare-and-contrast portrayal of recent findings that underscore the value of investigating glial engulfment mechanisms in a wide range of species and contexts.
Parallel Synaptic Acetylcholine Signals Facilitate Large Monopolar Cell Repolarization and Modulate Visual Behavior inDrosophila
Authors: Wu Jinglin , Ji Xiaoxiao , Gu Qiuxiang , Liao Buxin , Dong Wei , Han Junhai
Published: January 2021

Appropriate termination of the photoresponse in image-forming photoreceptors and downstream neurons is critical for an animal to achieve high temporal resolution. Although the cellular and molecular mechanisms of termination in image-forming photoreceptors have been extensively studied inDrosophila, the underlying mechanism of termination in their downstream large monopolar cells remains less explored. Here, we show that synaptic ACh signaling, from both amacrine cells (ACs) and L4 neurons, facilitates the rapid repolarization of L1 and L2 neurons. Intracellular recordings in female flies show that blocking synaptic ACh output from either ACs or L4 neurons leads to slow repolarization of L1 and L2 neurons. Genetic and electrophysiological studies in both male and female flies determine that L2 neurons express ACh receptors and directly receive ACh signaling. Moreover, our results demonstrate that synaptic ACh signaling from both ACs and L4 neurons simultaneously facilitates ERG termination. Finally, visual behavior studies in both male and female flies show that synaptic ACh signaling, from either ACs or L4 neurons to L2 neurons, is essential for the optomotor response of the flies in high-frequency light stimulation. Our study identifies parallel synaptic ACh signaling for repolarization of L1 and L2 neurons and demonstrates that synaptic ACh signaling facilitates L1 and L2 neuron repolarization to maintain the optomotor response of the fly on high-frequency light stimulation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe image-forming photoreceptor downstream neurons receive multiple synaptic inputs from image-forming photoreceptors and various types of interneurons. It remains largely unknown how these synaptic inputs modulate the neural activity and function of image-forming photoreceptor downstream neurons. We show that parallel synaptic ACh signaling from both amacrine cells and L4 neurons facilitates rapid repolarization of large monopolar cells inDrosophilaand maintains the optomotor response of the fly on high-frequency light stimulation. This work is one of the first reports showing how parallel synaptic signaling modulates the activity of large monopolar cells and motion vision simultaneously.
Perinatal Fentanyl Exposure Leads to Long-Lasting Impairments in Somatosensory Circuit Function and Behavior
Authors: Alipio Jason B. , Haga Catherine , Fox Megan E. , Arakawa Keiko , Balaji Rakshita , Cramer Nathan , Lobo Mary Kay , Keller Asaf
Published: January 2021

One consequence of the opioid epidemic are lasting neurodevelopmental sequelae afflicting adolescents exposed to opioids in the womb. A translationally relevant and developmentally accurate preclinical model is needed to understand the behavioral, circuit, network, and molecular abnormalities resulting from this exposure. By employing a novel preclinical model of perinatal fentanyl exposure, our data reveal that fentanyl has several dose-dependent, developmental consequences to somatosensory function and behavior. Newborn male and female mice exhibit signs of withdrawal and sensory-related deficits that extend at least to adolescence. As fentanyl exposure does not affect dams' health or maternal behavior, these effects result from the direct actions of perinatal fentanyl on the pups' developing brain. At adolescence, exposed mice exhibit reduced adaptation to sensory stimuli, and a corresponding impairment in primary somatosensory (S1) function.
In vitro
electrophysiology demonstrates a long-lasting reduction in S1 synaptic excitation, evidenced by decreases in release probability, NMDA receptor-mediated postsynaptic currents, and frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs), as well as increased frequency of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs). In contrast, anterior cingulate cortical neurons exhibit an opposite phenotype, with increased synaptic excitation. Consistent with these changes, electrocorticograms (ECoGs) reveal suppressed ketamine-evoked γ oscillations. Morphologic analysis of S1 pyramidal neurons indicate reduced dendritic complexity, dendritic length, and soma size. Further, exposed mice exhibited abnormal cortical mRNA expression of key receptors involved in synaptic transmission and neuronal growth and development, changes that were consistent with the electrophysiological and morphologic changes. These findings demonstrate the lasting sequelae of perinatal fentanyl exposure on sensory processing and function.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT
This is the first study to show that exposure to fentanyl in the womb results in behavioral, circuitry, and synaptic effects that last at least to adolescence. We also show, for the first time, that this exposure has different, lasting effects on synapses in different cortical areas.
Association Of Nocturnal Intermittent Hypoxia With Heat Shock Protein 70 In Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Pilot Study
Authors: Madaeva Irina M. , Kurashova Nadezhda A. , Semenova Natalya V. , Kolesnikova Lubov I. , Kolesnikov Sergei I.
Published: January 2021

Introduction — Nocturnal intermittent hypoxia in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) causes cellular stress and consequent change in inducible heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) level. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the relationship among nocturnal hypoxia and the serum HSP70 level in patients with severe OSA. Material and Methods — The study involved 34 patients with a clinical diagnosis of moderate to severe OSA (24 men and 10 women). Patients without OSA (10 men and 5 women) were included as a control group. The groups were similar in age. The polysomnographic monitoring was carried by standart methodology. Blood sampling for determining the HSP70 level was carried out between 8:00 and 9:00 am after polysomnographic monitoring. Results — The results of this study demonstrated a high apnea/hypopnea index (AHI), which determined the OSA severity and decreased the blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) (p<0.05). Sleep fragmentation in OSA patients confirmed an increase in respiratory arousal index (ArI). The HSP70 level significantly increased in OSA patients compared with the control group. Correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between HSP70 and AHI (R=0.5) in patients with OSAS, as well as a negative relationship between HSP70 and SaO2 (R=-0.3). Conclusion — Our results demonstrated a high level of HSP70 in patients with severe OSA syndrome vs. those without it. In OSA patients, a direct correlation was found between the HSP70 level and AHI, as well as an inverse correlation between the AHI level and SaO2. These findings suggested an association between the level of inducible HSP70 and nocturnal hypoxia in OSA patients.
Arranging The Questionnaire To Identify Brucellosis Risk Factors In Western Kazakhstan
Authors: Urazayeva Aisha , Balmagambetova Saule , Bekenov Zhumabek , Urazayeva Saltanat , Tussupkaliyeva Kymbat
Published: January 2021

Background ― In some Kazakhstan regions, the epidemic situation on brucellosis remains tense, despite the observed trend to decrease in the incidence: 5.5 per 100,000 population by 2018 vs. 6.2 in 2017. The article aims at presenting the steps of preparing the brucellosis questionnaire to identify infection risk factors. Methods ― A questionnaire is developed based on the Health Belief Model to arrange interviews among the adult population of the Aktobe region. Stages of the drafting process included: 1) review of relevant literature sources; 2) assessment of the target audience to calculate N (number of interviewees); 3) development of the questionnaire itself; 4) testing the tool in focus-groups; 5) validation through Cronbach’s alpha (α) calculation to reach the internal consistency of the questionnaire; 6) final editing of the survey tool. The Cronbach’s alpha was calculated using the item-analysis in the SPSS Modeler.v.25. Results ― The designed questionnaire consisted of the three domains with twenty-two questions of the semi-closed type and underwent testing in the focus-group of ninety-eight livestock owners. A preliminary analysis revealed five items with unsatisfactory mean values, which were either modified or deleted so that the α resulted in 0.71 (moderately reliable). The adjusted tool eventually contained seventeen items (questions). Conclusion ― A simple design and adequate validation of the survey tool should facilitate information on population awareness of the clinical symptoms and paths of brucellosis infection transmission. Data on accepted practice on caring for livestock in private households across the region also become available for analysis owing to the presented questionnaire.
Metabolic Syndrome In Saudi Women With Low Bone Mineral Density
Authors: Aldawood Essra , Zafar Mubashir
Published: January 2021

Background ― Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is the world's major public health problem. Objectives ― Assessment of metabolic syndrome impact on bone mineral density (BMD) among Saudi menopausal women in Eastern Province – Saudi Arabia. Material and Methods ― It’s a case control study and 380 menopausal Saudi women were selected through stratified random sampling; they are divided into 190 cases with osteoporosis and 190 without osteoporosis. BMD at the total hip were determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The T score was calculated, the relationship between the risk factors of MetS and bone mineral density were analyzed by statistical methods. Results ― Prevalence of MetS was substantially higher among osteoprotic women. The MetS is significantly correlated with bone mineral density (r=0.08, P=0.05). The occurrence of MetS was associated with increased osteoporosis among Saudi women (B=0.004; 0.05) after adjustment of confounders. The presence of obesity (component of MetS) was significantly associated with increased odds of Bone marrow density among women (OR 2.56, 95% CI, 2.22–3.44, P=0.030) after adjustment of confounders. Conclusion ― MetS was significantly associated with an osteoporosis in Saudi women.
Predicting Opioid Therapy Safety In Pancreatic Cancer Patients
Authors: Bobrova Olga P. , Zyryanov Sergei K. , Shnayder Natalya A. , Petrova Marina M.
Published: January 2021

Background — Obligatory use of strong opioids for treating chronic pain syndrome in patients with pancreatic cancer provides the implementation of opioid-associated adverse reactions. Genetic and non-genetic risk factors are predictive of the opioid therapy safety. Contemporary methods of information analysis allow using prognostic risk models for practical application. Objective — Identification of significant risk factors for the development of opioid-associated adverse drug reactions in patients with chronic pain syndrome against the background of pancreatic cancer. Material and Methods — The study included 90 patients with chronic pain against the background of pancreatic cancer, randomized at a ratio of 1: 1. Group 1 received morphine sulfate (MS), group 2 received fentanyl transdermal therapeutic system (FTTS) with standard adjuvant therapy (ketoprofen, diazepam, amitriptyline). To assess pain level, the 10-point Digital Rating Scale, the Visual Analogue Scale and the pain questionnaires were used. The assessment of the treatment safety was conducted by the Naranjo Scale. Assessment of prognostic genetic and non-genetic factors was carried out using ROC analysis with calculation of AUC (the area under the ROC-curve). Results — Prognostic models of good quality were determined with the optimal ratio of sensitivity and specificity for the influence of genetic and non-genetic risk factors on the development of opioid-associated adverse drug reactions (OA-ADRs) in comparison groups. Various prognostic factors, complementing each other, were identified in the comparison groups. Conclusion — The following OA-ADRs predicting factors were identified: for FTTS-associated nausea and vomiting – age and carriage of rs7438135 AG genotype of UGT2B7 gene; for local reactions – the sum of points on the ESAS scale and carriage of rs7438135 AA genotype of UGT2B7 gene; for difficulty urinating – the level of glomerular filtration rate; for neurotoxicity – the level of AST and bilirubin, and the carriage of rs1128503 GG genotype of ABCB1 gene; for pruritus – carriage of rs1045642642 AA genotype of ABCB1 gene. The prognostic factors for the implementation of MS-associated neurotoxicity were age and comorbidity; for dry mouth was predicted best from the sum of points on the MMCE scale; weakness was predicted by the carriage of rs7668258 TT genotype of UGT2B7 gene.
The Implementation of Community Based on Total Sanitation among Fisherman Families in West Java
Authors: Ajisuksmo Clara R.P. , Iustitiani Nilla S.D
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study was to obtain a picture on the implementation of Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat (STBM) the Indonesian term for Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) among the families of fisherman in Eretan Kulon, Indramayu West Java. Participants of this Household Survey were categorized into two, namely households that have under-five children and households that have youth. Father or mother or any adult who live with under-five children or youth were purposively chosen as the participants of this study. In total 307 Households (HH Under five 51.14%; HH Youth 48.86%) participated in this study. Five pillars of STBM were used to develop a questionnaire for this HH Survey. The result revealed that among the five pillars of STBM, the highest mean score was in safe management of drinking water and food (Mean=4.08), followed by washing hands with soap (Mean=3.45), management of solid waste (Mean=2.79), management of liquid water (Mean=2.64), and open defecation (Mean=1.90). The result of this study indicated that not all families have latrines so that they still practice of open defecation. The study also showed that solid and liquid waste management is still not considered important to maintain health and environmental hygiene.
Sobre los objetos adecuados y la división de las ciencias especulativas en F. Suárez: una interpretación literal de las Disputationes Metaphysicae I, I, 14-15
Authors: Mendoza Jose Maria Felipe
Published: January 2021

De acuerdo con las D.M. de Francisco Suárez, la ciencia metafísica ha perdido su horizonte. Por esta razón el tratado del Dr. Eximio principia con un estudio de la filosofía primera donde paulatinamente se atenderán las dificultades emergentes relativas a una consideración de las ciencias especulativas. De ese modo la claridad alcanzada en derredor de la metafísica colocaría las bases necesarias para evitar –o tratar de corregir– los errores en teología sagrada por su vinculación necesaria con la filosofía primera. Asimismo, el esclarecimiento del objeto adecuado de la metafísica conlleva la necesidad de evidenciar para la razón aquellos propios de las demás ciencias, configurándose así una división y relación entre ellas en sede objetiva. A su vez este panorama aparece expresado con total claridad en las D.M. I, I, 14-15 sobre el que exclusivamente se hará foco.
Presentación de Signo Distintivo Responsabilidad Social Universitaria facultad Contaduría Pública
Authors: Maritza Yaneth Benavides Muñoz , Karen Sofia Sorza Liévano
Published: January 2021

Este documento da cuenta de la presentación del signo distintivo de responsabilidad social universitaria facultad contaduría pública
LAS BÓVEDAS OVALADAS DE LA CAPILLA DE LA FORTALEZA DE SAN CARLOS DE PEROTE: UN EJEMPLO DE MECÁNICA MODERNA EN LA AMÉRICA ILUSTRADA
Authors: Mansergas Sellens Oscar
Published: January 2021

La capilla de la fortaleza de San Carlos de Perote constituye un ejemplo significativo de introducción de los modernos principios mecánicos ilustrados en el panorama históricoconstructivo mexicano e hispanoamericano. El ingeniero militar Manuel de Santisteban, autor de la obra defensiva, dotó al conjunto arquitectónico de una capilla proyectando un conjunto de bóvedas de directriz ovalada para su cubrición. Las bóvedas otorgan alzadura y magnitud, pero sobre todo, por su acercamiento a la forma catenaria, reducen los empujes laterales, verticalizan las cargas y optimizan los estribos sin necesidad de incorporar elementos exteriores para su contrarresto. La utilización de la estática gráfica y el cálculo vectorial para la determinación del estado de equilibrio y de su comportamiento mecánico, evidencia que la elección de su trazado ovalado corresponde a la necesidad de adecuarse a los espesores mínimos de los muros. Los ingenieros militares fueron los primeros en introducir las estructuras de arcos catenarios en España en el siglo XVIII, conocedores de sus beneficios estáticos para las bóvedas. Dicho conocimiento universal cartesiano de la matemática como método para la investigación de la realidad y el cálculo científico de las estructuras de fábrica también fue transmitido en Hispanoamérica, a través de modelos de ingeniería militar.
Crisis familiar y derecho de uso de la vivienda familiar. análisis crítico de la jurisprudencia española y propuestas de lege ferenda
Authors: Minero Alejandre Gemma
Published: January 2021

En este trabajo se estudia la regulación y aplicación de la figura del derecho de uso de la vivienda familiar tras la crisis matrimonial. En particular, se analizan los parámetros a tener en cuenta por el juzgador en su decisión sobre la atribución del derecho de uso, en función de su existen o no hijos comunes menores, y se da cuenta de la insuficiencia de la normativa actual para acomodarse a situaciones de custodia compartida. Se analiza la jurisprudencia española más reciente sobre el derecho de uso y el concepto de deudor de los gastos generados por la vivienda familiar sobre la que existe el derecho de uso de un excónyuge y los hijos menores comunes. Se valoran ciertas propuestas de lege ferenda, que mejoren la regulación contenida en el actual artículo 96 CC, tanto en la atribución del derecho de uso como en su extinción, pasando por la regulación de la identidad del sujeto pasivo de los gastos generados por la vivienda familiar mientras dure el derecho de uso. Se busca dar una solución global y equilibrada, que tenga en cuenta la idiosincrasia de la sociedad española actual y la frecuente modificación de las condiciones de vida de los excónyuges tras la crisis familiar. La propuesta tiene en cuenta el desequilibrio que de facto genera la atribución del derecho de uso de la vivienda familiar –generalmente automática con la asignación de la custodia de los hijos comunes- cuando esta es propiedad única del excónyuge no custodio
Justification under uncertainty
Authors: Navrotskyi Volodymyr
Published: January 2021

Belief formation and justification of belief is the subject of epistemology, philosophy of mind, and philosophy of action. In this article we are mostly interested in the application of analytic techniques for the explication of belief justification under uncertainty. We need to explicate this phenomenon in order to answer, at least in part, the question of what are the features of reasoning made in conditions that cause doubts, how people make decisions in such conditions. Arguments used for the justification of such decisions have the status of plausible arguments. The crucial issues related to the analysis and evaluation of plausible arguments are of the acceptability of the premises and the transmission of their acceptability to the conclusion. In this article, we have focused on the transition from the premises to the conclusions of plausible arguments, on the transmission of justification of premises to the conclusions. To establish the peculiarities of such a transmission an outline of the semantics for such arguments is proposed. Its key component is the measures of the plausibility of the premises and rules of inference. A plausible argument itself does not provide the ultimate reason for accepting its conclusion. The justification of the conclusion also depends on other arguments that support or defeat it. So to establish the degree of justification of the conclusion we need to attribute the weights to the premises and rules of inference. We hope that this study provides at least a preliminary answer to the question of how the failure of the transmission of justification in plausible arguments differs from the failure of transmission in deductive arguments.