bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The works of mercy of the russian royal house. Training in children’s diseases in the yelenin clinical institute
Authors: Romanyuk F. P. , Vlasova N. L.
Published: July 2018

The history of the creation of the first in the country institute of advanced training of paediatricians is intriguing by the intertwining of state tasks and personal destinies of various people: royal persons, architects, doctors. The article describes the prerequisites and tasks that were set during the arrangement, construction and the first years of operating of the Yelenin Institute. The article provides the stories of the first doctors - paediatricians of the Yelenin Institute, the main doctors of the first children’s hospitals in St. Petersburg.
Antihistamine therapy in pediatric practice
Authors: Tsarev S. V.
Published: July 2018

The article considers the role of histamine in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and other pathological conditions. The mechanisms that contribute to the development of skin itching are considered separately. The article also shows the role and function of H1-histamine receptor blockers in the treatment of allergic diseases and pseudo allergic reactions. The mechanism of action, indications, contraindications and side effects of the antihistamine therapy are presented. The article also discusses the difference in first and second-generation antihistamines and shows the possible advantages of the first-generation drugs in paediatric practice. The article presents data on the use of dimethindene maleate (Fenistil) in children’s practice, including the use for the relief of skin itching of various genesis.
Clinical significance of zinc: results of the 14-year prospective study of children
Authors: Legonkova T. I. , Shtykova O. N. , Voitenkova O. V. , Stepina T. G.
Published: July 2018

Purpose of the study: to determine the clinical significance of Zn deficiency based on the 14-year prospective study of children with different levels of zinc at birth. Patients and methods. Pregnant women and their newborns (n = 316) were screened for serum Zn levels. A total of 146 motherchild pairs were followed-up during the year, of which 102 children were followed-up for up to 14 years. Results. The study showed that the prevalence of zinc deficiency in the women followed-up was as follows: 77% in pregnant women, 80% in newborns. 94% of children with Zn deficiency at birth demonstrated zinc deficiency even at school age. There is a correlation between the serum Zn level in children and their mothers both during the newborn period and at school age (r = 0.38), with p <0.05. the period of newborns, and at school age (r = 0.38), with p <0.05. The 1-year-children with zinc deficiency, in comparison with infants with sufficient zinc levels are more often diagnosed with rickets 86,2% and 45,1%, anemia 37,9% and 17,7%, dystrophy 27,5% and 13,8 %, as well as atopic dermatitis 65.5% and 29.4%, allergic reactions 24.1% and 15.7%, at school age they were diagnosed with a pathology of the musculoskeletal system (79% and 52%, respectively), gastrointestinal tract (61% and 41%), nervous systems (54% and 30%) and skin (66% and 45%) with p <0.05. The decrease in resistance of the body was identified 2 times more often in zinc-deficient children. The conclusion. Zinc is important at all stages of a person’s life, therefore the analysis of zinc availability should be carried out not only in pregnant and nursing mothers, children of early age, but also among risk groups for the deficiency of this microelement.
The role of neurogenic feet deformities in the lower limb dysfunction structure in patients with cerebral palsy. Management of surgical treatment. Literature data review
Authors: Yatsyk S. P. , Zherdev K. V. , Zubkov P. A. , Pak L. A. , Volkova M. O. , Chelpachenko O. B. , Petelguzov A. A.
Published: July 2018

Analysis of the literature data on the surgical treatment of feet deformities in children with cerebral palsy allowed determining of the first key pathogenesis aspects and management of surgical treatment. The main types of changes occurring in the feet under the influence of spastic disorders and the optimal methods of progressive deformities of feet surgical treatment were studied. The treatment management preference depends on intrapatient habits, age, the pattern of rescue, deformation gravity and mobility, level of the gross motor function (GMFCS). Various «soft tissue surgery» forms are effective provided sufficient deformation mobility for younger children group patients. The bone-cutting feet surgical measures are justified provided rigid deformations in more older children. A differentiated neurogenic feet deformities surgical treatment approach provides obtaining both early and long-term satisfactory treatment results.
A social portrait of children of rural areas temporarily placed in the social rehabilitation center
Authors: Kosareva A. A.
Published: July 2018

The objective need to address interconnected challenges of medical and social nature is increasing in today’s Russian society as part of the child- and family-centred care in rural areas.
Intestinal microbiota: updated evidence-based data on the efficacy of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium longum in pediatric practice
Authors: Gorelov A. V. , Kanner E. V. , Maximov M. L. , Ermolaeva A. S. , Voznesenskaya A. A. , Dadasheva K. N.
Published: July 2018

The article presents updated data on the composition, formation and role of the intestinal microbiota. It shows the relationship between changes in the intestinal microbiota and the formation of various forms of pathology. Data on the effectiveness of the prophylactic and therapeutic effect of probiotic strains, most often used in paediatric practice, are provided.
Approaches to treatment and prevention of diaper dermatitis
Authors: Sharova N. M.
Published: July 2018

The article deals with the features of skin structure and functions in infants and the causes of diaper dermatitis. It determined the priority of preventive measures and the choice of optimal agents for topical application that meet international standards. The requirements for topical agents used in infants for prevention of DD are described in detail, according to the international opinion of the experts group.
The nurse’s role in the effectiveness of dispensary management of young infants. A nurse and her assistance to an infant, family and doctor with correction of the functional intestinal colic during the first months of life
Authors: Keshishyan E. S. , Afanasieva N. V.
Published: July 2018

The article presents the main variants of functional gastrointestinal disorders in young infants - posseting, evacuation disorder, intestinal infantile colic, clinical features, modern view on the causes and methods for correction of these conditions (step-bystep methods to alleviate the pain syndrome). It also describes the manipulation methods that help with these conditions (inserting a flatus tube, cleansing enema in infants), as well as the basic principles for counselling and education of parents.
Evaluation of physical development and adrenarche level of puberty age boys in st. Petersburg
Authors: Gritsinskaya V. L. , Mamedova S. M. , Nikitina I. L.
Published: July 2018

In order to assess the growth and development of schoolchildren living in a metropolis, 809 boys aged 12 to 15 years were examined in St. Petersburg. Characteristics of indicators of physical development are given according to the norms of «WHO Growth Reference 2007»; the level of puberty - with the help of a phenotypic evaluation according to the method of M.V. Maksimova. The high prevalence of overweight (13.3%) and obesity (12.5%) among schoolchildren was revealed. It is noted that the initiation of the boys’ puberty occurs at the earlier time compared with the data given in the literature.
Pathology of pharyngeal tonsils in pathogenesis of auditory tube dysfunction in children
Authors: Merkulova E. P.
Published: July 2018

In this study it has been studied the functional status of the middle ear, depending on the pathology of the tonsils of the pharynx. There has been discovered the dependence of the auditory tube dysfunction, the presence of the nosological form of the disease and age of the children. The highest risk of severe obstruction of the auditory tube exudate with persistent tympanic cavity is installed in infants with associated hypertrophy of the tonsils of the pharynx.
Prospects for using probiotics in the treatment of constipation in children
Authors: Zakharova I. N. , Osmanov I. M. , Berezhnaya I. V. , Koltsov K. A. , Dedikova O. V. , Kuchina A. E. , Sazanova Yu. O.
Published: July 2018

Every paediatrician faces the problem of how to diagnose and treat constipation in children in the daily practice. According to the sociological survey of parents and doctors, on average every third child has a delay in evacuating stool. According to the 2016 Rome VI criteria, the diagnosis of functional constipation in children from 0 to 4 years of age is based on diagnostic signs that differ for children older than 4 years old. This article considers the mechanisms of constipation development in children of different age groups, and discusses the influence of microbiota on the development of motor and neurosensory intestinal disorders. The use of probiotics in constipation therapy is still controversial. The article presents recent studies of the efficacy of different probiotic strains in the treatment of constipation in children. So far, only Lactobacillus reuteri (DSM 17938) has a proven effect for the treatment of constipation in using monostam probiotics.
In-vitro propagation, organic farming and comparative phytochemical evaluation of Curculigo Orchioides Gaertn.
(Musali)
Authors: Raj Nayana , S Priya , B Priyalatha
Published: July 2018

Medicinal plants belong to the oldest known health care products that have been used by mankind all over the world in the form of folklore medicine, traditional medicines or ethnic medicines. But due to the over dependence of herbal drug industry on the plant population, wild source became depleted. Several drugs became endangered while some others had been in the verge of extinction. Musali (Curculigo orchioides) is such a plant which is facing a threat of extinction. These plants can be produced by different methods. The main 2 methods for the propagation of plants will come under the following headings viz; Conventional way of propagation and Non-conventional way of propagation (In Vitro propagation). If a small change in climate and temperature is affecting the chemical composition of plants, then obviously there may be chances for change in the same while propagating it through different techniques. In this study the preliminary analytical profile of the three samples were done in order to know whether the organic and In Vitro variety can be replaced with the wild. As Musali (Curculigo orchioides Gaertn.) is a drug used in several formulations and Musali Khadiradi Kashayam is one among the important one used for the reproductive problems. So the formulation also needs to be analysed in order to know whether the variation in cultivation techniques will affect the physicochemical and chromatographic parameters.
Boon of Acharya Vagbhata - The Vata Pentad
Authors: S. Anoop A. , Jadhav Lakshmiprasad L. , Muttappa Totad , B Vasantha
Published: July 2018

Vata is one among the Tridoshas that contributes to 80 types of Nanatmaja Vikaras. It can also leads to the manifestation of other disorders where Vata plays the role of an Anubandha Dosha. To understand the Avasthavishesha of any Vyadhi, the contribution of each Doshas should be separately identified. This is possible by knowing the Dosha Vruddhi Kshaya Lakshanas. The first step in the Chikitsa is Nidana Parivarjana. Because the Rogautpatti starts with Nidana Sevana. For this, detailed knowledge about the Prakopa Nidanas are essential. Among the Brihattrayees, Ashtanga Hrudaya of Vagbhataacharya stands unique in explaining the Vishesha Prakopa Nidanas of Panchavata in 19th chapter of Nidanasthana, Vatashonita Nidana. The knowledge about the Vishesha Prakopa Nidana of each Vata throws a clarity about the etiology and pathogenesis of all diseases, especially Vata Vyadhis. This article aims at exploring and analyzing the Vishesha Prakopa Nidanas said by Acharya Vagbhata in Ashtanga Hrudaya.
Ayurvedic understanding of Central Pontine Myelinolysis - A Case Report
Authors: AS Anoop , Jadhav Lakshmiprasad L. , Nair Sruthy , Mohandas Rohan
Published: July 2018

A 56 year old male patient was admitted to S.D.M Ayurveda Hospital, Hassan, Karnataka with the confirmed diagnosis of Central Pontine Myelinolysis (CPM) on 11/12/17. The chief complaints were weakness of both hands and legs, stiffness in both hands and legs, pain in both shoulder joints, slurred speech, difficulty in walking with gait changes. H/O chronic alcoholism. MRI brain showed pontine and basal ganglia diffusion restriction - Acute Pontine Myelinolysis. The serum electrolyte showed serum sodium level as 128 mmol/litre. This disease can be understood as Samana Avruta Vyana in hyponatremic encephalopathy stage and the stage of myelinolysis can be understood as Sarvanga Vata with Kapha Avruta Udana and Vyana. After clinical evaluation, Avarana Chikitsa was started followed by Kevala Vatika Chikitsa and significant improvement was seen. Significant result was observed in subjective and objective parameters after the treatment. The patient was discharged with oral medications for 1 month.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PROSTATE TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Potapov V. V. , Brizhatuk E. V.
Published: July 2018

Introduction.Tuberculosis of the prostate is difficult for diagnosis, especially in the early stages.

Material and methods.In an open prospective cohort study 84 patients with clinical and laboratory manifestations of chronic prostatitis were included.

Purpose of the study.Тo estimate the most significant diagnostic criteria for prostate tuberculosis; role of prostate biopsy in differential diagnosis.

Results.In 45 patients (53.6%) prostate tuberculosis was diagnosed, and in 39 patients (46.4%) chronic bacterial prostatitis was diagnosed. The diagnosis of prostate tuberculosis was confirmed microbiologically in 33.3% of patients, radiologically - in 24.4% of patients. A prostate biopsy followed by histological, bacteriological and molecular-genetic examination of the biopsy specimen confirmed the diagnosis in 20% of patients.

Conclusion.The most informative in the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis and chronic prostatitis is the identification of M. tuberculosis; verification of diagnosis radiographically is possible only with the development of destruction of the parenchyma. The biopsy of the prostate should be examined not only pathologically, but also by molecular genetic methods.

Disclosure: The study did not have sponsorship. The authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
MEMORIES OF PROFESSORS OF D. IZRAEL (1848–1926) AND M. NITTS (1848–1906) (TO THE 170 ANNIVERSARY SINCE BIRTH)
Authors: Morgoshiia T. Sh.
Published: July 2018

The article notes that James Israel and Max Nitze have successfully developed European medicine for more than 30 years of their scientific and practical activities, enriching it with both experimental and large clinical experience. Their scientific achievements greatly contributed to the development of modern clinical urology throughout the world. Based on an analysis of the results of more than 1000 nephrectomy operations for tuberculosis, Izrael made a conclusion about the effectiveness of surgical treatment of this disease. In addition to kidney surgery, J. Israel developed questions of rhinoplasty. He participated in the International Congress of Physicians in Moscow (1897), where he reported on 191 kidney operations. He was an honorary member of the German Society of Surgeons, the Berlin Society of Urology, President of the International Congress of Urology (Paris, 1908). The main merit of M. Nitze is the invention of a cystoscope, in which for the first time an electric light source for illuminating the bladder was located at the end of a tool inserted into the bladder. The invention of the cystoscope contributed to the development of urology as an independent clinical discipline and marked the beginning of endoscopic studies of various organs and body cavities. It is analyzed the fact that the history of medicine gives rich material not only to understanding evolution, but also to the possibility to foresee its further development. The current state of clinical urology is determined by the progress of basic research in biology, physics, biochemistry, bacteriology, immunology, pharmacology. At the same time, it was noted that the personality of the scientist-physician, his observation, the non-standard view, the ability to see the opening perspectives, to bring up worthy students, to create a scientific and clinical school of urologists, is of utmost importance, at the same time, to the full compliance of the great German urologists J Israel and M. Nitze.

Disclosure: The study did not have sponsorship. The author declares no conflict of interest.
Exploring the Use of Multiple Mental Health Apps Within a Platform: Secondary Analysis of the IntelliCare Field Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Kwasny Mary J , Schueller Stephen M , Lattie Emily , Gray Elizabeth L , Mohr David C
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND

IntelliCare is a mental health app platform with 14 apps that are elemental, simple and brief to use, and eclectic. Although a variety of apps may improve engagement, leading to better outcomes, they may require navigation aids such as recommender systems that can quickly direct a person to a useful app.

OBJECTIVE

As the first step toward developing navigation and recommender tools, this study explored app-use patterns across the IntelliCare platform and their relationship with depression and anxiety outcomes.

METHODS

This is a secondary analysis of the IntelliCare Field Trial, which recruited people with depression or anxiety. Participants of the trial received 8 weeks of coaching, primarily by text, and weekly random recommendations for apps. App-use metrics included frequency and lifetime use. Depression and anxiety, measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, respectively, were assessed at baseline and end of treatment. Cluster analysis was utilized to determine patterns of app use; ordinal logistic regression models and log-rank tests were used to determine if these use metrics alone, or in combination, predicted improvement or remission in depression or anxiety.

RESULTS

The analysis included 96 people who generally followed recommendations to download and try new apps each week. Apps were clustered into 5 groups: Thinking (apps that targeted or relied on thinking), Calming (relaxation and insomnia), Checklists (apps that used checklists), Activity (behavioral activation and activity), and Other. Both overall frequency of use and lifetime use predicted response for depression and anxiety. The Thinking, Calming, and Checklist clusters were associated with improvement in depression and anxiety, and the Activity cluster was associated with improvement in Anxiety only. However, the use of clusters was less strongly associated with improvement than individual app use.

CONCLUSIONS

Participants in the field trial remained engaged with a suite of apps for the full 8 weeks of the trial. App-use patterns did fall into clusters, suggesting that some knowledge about the use of one app may be useful in selecting another app that the person is more likely to use and may help suggest apps based on baseline symptomology and personal preference.
ABO-Incompatible Kidney Transplant Outcomes
Authors: de Weerd Annelies E. , Betjes Michiel G.H.
Published: July 2018

Background and objectives

ABO blood group–incompatible kidney transplantation is considered a safe procedure, with noninferior outcomes in large cohort studies. Its contribution to living kidney transplantation programs is substantial and growing. Outcomes compared with center-matched ABO blood group–compatible control patients have not been ascertained.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Comprehensive searches were conducted in Embase, Medline, Cochrane, Web-of-Science, and Google Scholar. Meta-analyses Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology study guidelines for observational studies and Newcastle Ottawa bias scale were implemented to assess studies. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3. A subgroup analysis on antibody removal technique was performed.

Results

After identifying 2728 studies addressing ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation, 26 studies were included, describing 1346 unique patients who were ABO-incompatible and 4943 ABO-compatible controls. Risk of bias was low (all studies ≥7 of 9 stars). Baseline patient characteristics revealed no significant differences in immunologic risk parameters. Statistical heterogeneity of studies was low (I2 0% for graft and patient survival). One-year uncensored graft survival of patients who were ABO-incompatible was 96% versus 98% in ABO-compatible controls (relative risk, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.96 to 0.98; P<0.001). Forty-nine percent of reported causes of death in patients who were ABO-incompatible were of infectious origin, versus only 13% in patients who were ABO-compatible (P=0.02). Antibody-mediated rejection (3.86; 95% confidence interval, 2.05 to 7.29; P<0.001), severe nonviral infection (1.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.13 to 1.82; P=0.003), and bleeding (1.92; 95% confidence interval, 1.36 to 2.72; P<0.001) were also more common after ABO-incompatible transplantation.

Conclusions

ABO-incompatible kidney transplant recipients have good outcomes, albeit inferior to center-matched ABO-compatible control patients.
COL4A3 Gene Variants and Diabetic Kidney Disease in MODY
Authors: Wang Yiting , Zhang Junlin , Zhao Yingwang , Wang Shanshan , Zhang Jie , Han Qianqian , Zhang Rui , Guo Ruikun , Li Hanyu , Li Li , Wang Tingli , Tang Xi , He Changzheng , Teng Geer , Gu Weiyue , Liu Fang
Published: July 2018

Background and objectives

Despite advances in identifying genetic factors of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), much of the heritability remains unexplained. Nine maturity-onset diabetes in young (MODY) probands with kidney biopsy-proven DKD were selected and included in this study. The probands had more severe DKD compared with their parents with MODY, with overt proteinuria or rapid progression to ESKD. We aimed to explore the contribution of the variants in susceptibility genes of DKD to the severity of kidney phenotype between the probands and their parents.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Whole-exome sequencing was performed to identify suspected MODY probands and their families. Known DKD susceptibility genes were reviewed. Variants reported to be associated with DKD, or those with minor allele frequency <0.05 and predicted to be pathogenic, were selected and analyzed. Immunofluorescence staining of COL4α3 was performed in kidney specimens of patients with DKD with or without R408H and M1209I of COL4A3 variants.

Results

HNF1B-MODY, CEL-MODY, PAX4-MODY, and WFS1-MODY were diagnosed among nine families. We identified 196 selected variants of 25 DKD susceptibility genes among the participants. Analysis of phenotype between probands and parents, gene function, and protein–protein interaction networks revealed that COL4A3 variants were involved in the progression of DKD. Weak granular staining of COL4α3 was observed in the glomerular basement membrane of patients with the R408H and M1209I variants, whereas strong consecutive staining was observed in patients without these variants. Moreover, more number of DKD variants were identified in probands than in their parents with MODY.

Conclusions

The genetic effect of more pathogenic variants in various DKD susceptibility genes, especially variants in the COL4A3 gene, partially explained the more severe kidney phenotype in probands with kidney biopsy-proven DKD.
AVALIAÇÃO DOS CONSULTÓRIOS CLÍNICOS E PARTICULARES DE NITERÓI SOBRE A IMPORT NCIA DO CONHECIMENTO E A MELHORIA DO IMPACTO AMBIENTAL
Authors: Raposo de Assis Martins Victor
Published: July 2018

Segundo Determinações do Plano de Gerenciamento de Resíduos Sólidos de Saúde, existem ao todo quatro grupos que classificam os resíduos odontológicos e dentre eles, 3 são produzidos diariamente no consultório. Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo-descritivo com 43 cirurgiões-dentistas em cinco bairros da cidade de Niterói. Foi abordado com os dentistas se eles achavam importante ter o conhecimento e cumprir a normas para a diminuição do impacto ambiental. Os entrevistados assinaram um termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido autorizando a realização da pesquisa.A análise dos dados foi feita na forma de tabela e gráfico, utilizando porcentagem absoluta. Através dessa pesquisa pode-se concluir que a maioria dos cirurgiões-dentistas afirmam que acham importante ter conhecimento e cumprir as normas  para diminuição do impacto ambiental através do correto descarte dos resíduos odontológicos. Descritores: descarte, resíduos odontológicos, impacto ambiental
ORTHOGNICAL SURGERY: A HOLISTIC APPROACH. CLINICAL CASE PRESENTATION
Authors: Nelson Fernandes GRAÇA,
Published: July 2018

RESUMODe acordo com a literatura, o procedimento cirúrgico ortognático possibilita aos pacientes resultados funcionais e estéticos, proporcionando mudanças significativas na qualidade de vida dos mesmos.  Este trabalho teve por objetivo relatar o caso clínico de um paciente submetido à cirurgia ortognática, cujos resultados pós-operatórios demonstram uma importante melhora na função e harmonia facial do mesmo, o que vem a confirmar que este procedimento, quando planejado de forma multiprofissional, é um importante instrumento de mudança na vida dos pacientes, possibilitando uma reintegração normal na sociedade devolvendo sua auto-estima.Palavras Chaves: Cirurgia ortognática, FIR, Deformidade DentoalveolarABSTRACTAccording to the literature, the orthognathic surgical procedure provides patients with functional and aesthetic results, providing significant changes in their quality of life. This study aimed to report the clinical case of a patient submitted to orthognathic surgery, whose postoperative results demonstrate an important improvement in the function and facial harmony of the same, which confirms that this procedure, when planned in a multiprofissional way, is an important instrument of change in the life of patients, allowing a normal reintegration in society and returning their self-esteem.Key Words: Orthognathic surgery, FIR, Dentoalveolar Deformity
The effect of democracy on income: An analysis of countries affected by coups d’état
Authors: Ozan Saray
Published: July 2018

Although there is a considerable amount of study which examines the effect of
democracy on national income, a limited number of papers analyses the effect
of democracy on per capita income. The main objective of this research is to
show the effect of democracy level on per capita income among new sample, 21
countries which share a similar coup d??tat experience in their political
history, to fulfil the gap in the literature. The countries selected are
from different continents and are those most affected by coups. The impact
of two different democracy indicators (Freedom House and Polity IV) on the
per capita income of the countries in the period 2000-2014 is analysed. The
results of the panel data estimation show that, an increase in democracy
level has a positive effect on per capita income for both democracy
indicators. As expected, the effect of the investment, secularism and
education variables on income is positive, whereas the effect of population
growth rate is negative. And trade has no definite effect on per capita
income.
Anomalous Cepheids discovered in a sample of galactic short period Type II Cepheids
Authors: Jurkovic M.I.
Published: July 2018

We revisited the short period Type II Cepheids (T2Cs), called the BL Herculis (BLHs), in the Galactic Field to derive a homogeneous analysis of their Fourier parameters. Only V-band data were compiled to make sure that it was directly comparable between the known variables of the OGLE-III catalogue and the 59 individual objects classified as short period Type II Cepheids in the General Catalogue of Variable Stars (GCVS) we had in our sample. The derived Fourier parameters were used to make distinction between different classes of variables. From the 59 stars we found 19 BLHs, 19 fundamental mode Anomalous Cepheids (ACs) (8 of them were already known from the Catalina Sky Survey (CSS)), 1 first overtone AC, 2 were found to be possible peculiar W Virginis (pWVir), 11 classical Cepheids (DCEPs), and 7 stars were not pulsating variables at all. As a result we created a list of bright BLH stars in the Galactic Field, and separated the ACs, as well as other objects that were misclassified. The number of true BLHs decreased in our sample by more than 50%. We gathered the metallicity from spectroscopic measurements published in literature. While the number of actual measurements is low, it is highly suggestive that ACs are metal poor. The mean metallicity from 8 measurements in 4 stars (UY Eri having 5 different [Fe/H] data points) is -1.12 dex, but if the higher value metallicity outliers of UY Eri are left out the mean metallicity becomes -1.88 dex, regardless if the AC is in the Milky Way itself or in a cluster. On the other hand, BLHs seem to have a Solar-like metallicity of 0.00 dex averaged from 21 measurements of 10 stars.
Incretin-Based Therapies and Diabetic Retinopathy: Real-World Evidence in Older U.S. Adults
Authors: Wang Tiansheng , Hong Jin-Liern , Gower Emily W. , Pate Virginia , Garg Seema , Buse John B. , Stürmer Til
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVE

Recent large trials yield conflicting results on the association between incretin-based therapies (IBTs) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). We examined whether IBTs increase DR risk compared with other antihyperglycemics.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We implemented an active comparator, new-user cohort design using a nationwide 20% random sample of fee-for-service U.S. Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or older with Parts A, B, and D coverage between 2007 and 2015. We identified the following cohorts without prior treatment for retinopathy: dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i) versus sulfonylureas (SU), DPP4i versus thiazolidinediones (TZD), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA) versus long-acting insulin (LAI), and GLP1RA versus TZD. Primary outcome was advanced diabetic retinopathy requiring treatment (ADRRT), defined as a procedure code for retinopathy treatment. Incident diabetic retinopathy (IDR), identified by a diagnosis code, was a secondary outcome. We estimated propensity scores to balance confounders and adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) using weighted Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS

We identified 213,652 eligible patients. During a median duration of 0.58 to 0.87 years across comparisons, with a rate from 6.0 to 12.8 per 1,000 person-years, IBTs were not associated with increased ADRRT or IDR risk. The adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) for ADRRT were 0.91 (0.79–1.04) by comparing DPP4i to SU (n = 39,292 and 87,073); 0.91 (0.75–1.11), DPP4i to TZD (n = 51,410 and 22,231); 0.50 (0.39–0.65), GLP1RA to LAI (n = 9,561 and 82,849); and 0.75 (0.53–1.06), GLP1RA to TZD (n = 10,355 and 27,345).

CONCLUSIONS

Our population-based cohort study of older U.S. adults with diabetes suggests that IBTs used for approximately 1 year do not increase the DR risk.
Sociedades por acciones simplificadas: una estrategia para combatir la pobreza, el desempleo y la migración en la región mixteca / Society by Actions Simplified: a strategy to combat poverty, unemployment and migration in the Mixteca Region
Authors: Maya Espinoza Ivonne , Ramírez Castillo Eric Amín
Published: July 2018

En marzo del 2016, mediante Decreto publicado en el Diario Oficial de la Federación (DOF, 2016a), se adicionó a la Ley General de Sociedades Mercantiles (LGSM, 2016) una nueva especie de sociedad mercantil denominada Sociedad por Acciones Simplificada (SAS). Esta sociedad tiene por objetivo facilitar el proceso de constitución de micro y pequeñas empresas minimizando los costos de su tramitación y simplificando los requisitos para su formalización a través del uso de herramientas electrónicas.Con la incorporación de las SAS a la LGSM se pretende combatir el comercio informal existente en el país; fenómeno debido, entre otros factores, a que los procedimientos de constitución de sociedades son complejos (tienen una reglamentación excesiva), así como costosos.Como parte de esta adición, la Secretaría de Economía implementó un sistema informático para constituir las SAS en septiembre del 2016 (DOF, 2016b); dicho sistema, a diferencia de lo que se venía suscitando, es fácil de utilizar y gratuito.Este artículo está dividido para su análisis en tres apartados: introducción, desarrollo y conclusiones. La introducción alude a la problemática que se observa en la región mixteca: la pobreza, el desempleo y la migración de los jóvenes en busca de trabajo y de mejores condiciones de vida.El desarrollo, por su parte, está dividido en cuatro aspectos: 1) las especies de sociedades mercantiles; 2) las ventajas y desventajas de la SAS; 3) el método para constituir una SAS, y 4) el funcionamiento y operación del sistema electrónico de las SAS.Finalmente, se exponen las conclusiones extraídas del análisis anterior.
Fantasmas no palco: Dancing at Lughnasa e o Teatro de Memória de Friel
Authors: Viana Maria Isabel Rios de Carvalho
Published: July 2018

É característica marcante da obra do dramaturgo irlandês Brian Friel a representação da memória no palco. Dancing at Lughnasa é uma de suas peças classificada pelos críticos como uma “peça de memória” por apresentar, assim como a peça The Glass Menagerie de Tennessee Williams, um narrador-personagem que narra eventos de seu passado. Porém, a relação dessa peça de Friel com a memória vai muito além da mera temática e passa a ser o procedimento e a forma do dramaturgo de fazer teatro à memória do próprio teatro, recuperando suas origens nos rituais e na tragédia e relendo elementos marcantes da fundação do Teatro Literário Irlandês. Partindo da ideia do “fantasmático” no teatro desenvolvida por Carlson, o objetivo desse artigo é detectar alguns dos “fantasmas” presentes no texto de Friel, mostrando o caráter metateatral da peça e de que forma Friel faz do seu teatro um Teatro de Memória.
Os desvios da verossimilhança: um estudo sobre O vermelho e o negro à luz das reflexões de Erich Auerbach e Jacques Rancière
Authors: Martins Miriam Mendonça
Published: July 2018

Este artigo objetiva apresentar as principais considerações que Erich Auerbach e Jacques Rancière elaboraram em torno do romance O vermelho e o negro do escritor francês Stendhal. Ambos os autores apresentam pontos de vista dissonantes quanto à importância desse romance para o desenvolvimento do realismo literário francês. Enquanto Auerbach argumenta que O vermelho e o negro, em grande parte, representa a realidade de maneira séria e comprometida com a verossimilitude histórica; Rancière pondera que há nesse romance elementos narrativos que transgridem as regras de verossimilhança nas quais o regime representativo encontra-se erigido.
As imagens do rememorar - um fragmento de Benjamin sobre a memória involuntária de Proust
Authors: Oliveira Costa Luís Inácio
Published: July 2018

O presente artigo propõe-se a oferecer algumas indicações iniciais sobre a abrangente tematização de Walter Benjamin em torno da imagem, mais especificamente da correlação por ele estabelecida entre imagem e rememoração como uma das questões persistentes de sua teoria da imagem e de sua historiografia materialista. A leitura crítica da obra de Proust ofereceu a Benjamin rica munição para elaborar toda uma concepção imagética da memória a partir da noção proustiana de mémoire involontaire e, por isso mesmo, para tratar em termos inovadores e disruptivos a temporalidade histórica. A correlação fundamental entre rememoração, narração e imagem, que já se encontra formulada no ensaio Para a imagem de Proust (1929), ganha uma instigante síntese no fragmento de 1932 intitulado “De um pequeno discurso sobre Proust pronunciado por ocasião do meu quadragésimo aniversário”.
Testemunho latino-americano: novas estratégias da narrativa contemporânea
Authors: Bastazin Vera , Ignácio Valéria
Published: July 2018

A produção literária testemunhal revela, na contemporaneidade, novos procedimentos de composição que se apropriam dos dados da realidade e buscam construir ficcionalmente os fatos históricos numa perspectiva de ressignificação. Neste sentido, o presente ensaio articula as relações entre a fragilidade da memória e as interdições da verdade a partir de um recorte referenciado nas ditaduras brasileira (1964-1985) e chilena (1973-1990), tomando a novela Os visitantes (2016), de Bernardo Kucinski, e o romance Formas de voltar para casa (2014), de Alejandro Zambra. As duas obras, que inscrevem em sua linguagem a experiência literária da autoficção, permitem, como se demonstrará, articular o paradoxo entre o discurso referencial histórico e aquilo que se pode chamar de propositalmente ficcional.
Polish households? savings in the financial intersectoral linkages
Authors: Trębska Joanna
Published: July 2018

Research background: Savings of households are accumulated as a result of individual propensity to save. Simultaneously, they provide the sources of financing investments in the economy through financial institutions as intermediaries in the flow of funds, between entities with a surplus and those with a demand for them.

Purpose of the article: The paper aims at indicating the changes in the structure of house-holds? financial savings in Poland in the period 2003?2015, as well as at exploring them as a source of financing the activities of other sectors through institutional mechanisms of the financial system.

Methods: Intersectoral financial flows were estimated using input-output methods for com-piling ?sector by instrument? tables of financial assets and liabilities into ?sector by sector? matrices of intersectoral flows of each financial instrument. The research is based on statistical data published in the Eurostat database, i.e. annual accounts ? financial balance sheets by institutional sectors and subsectors. The role of households? financial savings in the network of intersectoral linkages in the financial system has been examined on the basis of financial input-output model.

Findings & Value added: The comparison of the significance of particular institutional sectors? supply of funds clearly indicates that the increase in households? financial assets causes the largest increase in financial flows both as a result of direct effect and indirect effects reflecting the size of these flows? feedback in the financial system. The study presented herein is the first application of the input-output approach for the Polish financial system. The idea of financial input-output model proposed by Tsujimura & Mizoshita (2003) is extended to disaggregate intersectoral flows in the form of individual financial instruments.
A misinterpretation of Keynes?s concept of involuntary unemployment
Authors: Grieve Roy H.
Published: July 2018

Research background: One of the principal contributions of Maynard Keynes?s General Theory was identification of the phenomenon of involuntary unemployment, due (on account of adverse expectations and confidence on the part of potential buyers) to a want of demand for the quantity of output which a fully-employed labour force was capable of producing.  Such unemployment, he insisted ? contrary to conventional opinion ? was not due to workers pricing themselves out of work by demanding wages higher than employers could afford.  Far from unemployed workers being themselves responsible for their plight, they were, in reality, victims of circumstances beyond their control. Keynes?s understanding was, for many years, widely accepted by academics, policy-makers and the general public. In recent times, however, mainstream macroeconomic theory has shown a regrettable tendency to return to old modes of thinking. Blame for unemployment is again put on the workforce, whose alleged misunderstanding or slow response to change are said to imply seeking employment on unrealistic terms. A more extreme view is that worklessness may reflect a deliberate choice of leisure. To anyone sceptical of the validity of such analyses there is a clear need to recover the Keynesian understanding of the possibility not just of frictional or voluntary, but also of involuntary unemployment. 

Purpose of the article:  Ezra Davar, recognising that it is important not to lose sight of the idea of involuntary unemployment, has recently attempted in this Journal to explain Keynes?s concept. Unfortunately, however, he fails to recognise that Keynes accounted for involuntary unemployment as resulting from deficiency of aggregate demand for output, not as  the consequence of any supply-side factor. In attributing involuntary unemployment to a peculiarity in the labour supply function Davar quite misses Keynes?s point, and in fact identifies as involuntary unemployment a situation of what Keynes would have described as ?voluntary? employment. The objective of the present note is to clear up this misunderstanding.
OPTIMIZATION OF UNIMODAL FUNCTIONS USING PARABOLIC PREDICTOR search
Authors: Kodnyanko Vladimir Aleksandrovich
Published: July 2018

A combined parabolic predictor search is proposed for the conditional minimization of the unimodal function using the predictive-based selective application of phases of extremum search by golden section search and parabolic search. The formula for calculating the value of parabolic predictor function is given, with its help it is possible to work out the forecast and tactics of extremum search of the minimized function. Predictor includes forecasting extremeness, monotony and constancy of function on a segment of uncertainty. Identification forecast for a direct function is described, using which allows to find a solution in three calculations. The assertion is made that if three successive computations of a function give points with similar ordinates, then abscissa of each point can be a solution of the problem. The procedure of identifying non-direct monotonic functions is described. It is shown that the reliability of monotonicity forecast can be determined by five calculations of the function. There has been described the procedure of using phases of parabolic method, which can be performed at favorable prediction of detecting the internal extremum of function. It has been stated that carrying out these phases, even with favorable forecast, can be considered inexpedient for cases when it is recognized that the problem is weakly sensitive or insensitive to the parabolic forecast. Block diagrams of algorithms implementing the method are given. It is shown that, compared to golden section search, the predictor has 3-5 times faster response for smooth functions and is comparable by this criterion to Brent method. The predictor achieves the greatest speed when minimizing monotonic functions. The method works somewhat slower than golden section search, however, it is much faster than Brent method when searching for the minimum of piecewise, flat, planar and other functions of a similar nature for which approximation of parabola does not give the expected effect. In comparison with Brent method, parabolic predictor has 1.5-4 times more speed in solving problems of such type.
FORMATION OF STANDARD MODULES OF MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF THE UNIVERSITY BASED ON SAGATOVSKY METHOD
Authors: Bikaev Ibragim Magomedovich , Kvyatkovskaya Irina Yurievna
Published: July 2018

The paper presents the analysis of the general structure of the first two levels of the management system of a typical educational institution on the basis of the system approach. As the main methodology of system analysis, Sagatovsky method was chosen. Based on the results of the analysis, a general scheme of the first two levels of university management was formed. There has been carried out classification of types of classified information which is processed in the university; there were identified seven basic types of data. A procedure is proposed for assessing the importance of information of each type in each of the components of the management system in terms of specific global goals of the institution functioning. The above procedure is implemented in relation to training highly qualified specialists. The proposed procedure will allow not only to rank all the components of the university management system in terms of their importance for achieving the goals set for the university, but to compare different management structures of the university, both with each other and with the standard structure. This helps to identify possible directions for improving the structure of the management system of a particular educational institution. Estimates of the importance of components can be used to form the structure of an automated information processing and management system for a particular institution.
THz CONTROLLED DUPLEX ISOLATOR
Authors: Vytovtov Konstantin , Tsyguta Anna Nikolaevna
Published: July 2018

The paper studies the devices of THz frequency range for modern telecommunication. There has been presented a two-frequency duplex isolator constructed on the basis of anisotropic layered structure with arbitrary direction of anisotropic axis. Such device is widely used in antenna-feeder paths for decoupling of transmitted and received signals. The isolator consists of two transceiving antennas, two solenoids and an anisotropic plate. Its basic element is an anisotropic plate having nonreciprocal properties. The optimum isolator structure includes twelve two-layer periods and provides the best nonreciprocal properties. The operation principle of the isolator is determined not by Faraday's effect, but by dependence of structural parameters on the direction and size of external magnetic field. Such approach allows to pass a wave of the defined working frequency in one (straight) direction and not to pass this wave in the return direction. At the same time, the wave at another working frequency can extend only in the return direction and can’t extend directly. The offered device has selective properties as well. In fact, the integrated device combines the duplex two-frequency isolator and the strip filter. To calculate general characteristics there were used the matrix method of transformation and matrix method of reflection. Dependences of duplex isolator characteristics on direction of falling a harmonious wave and anisotropic axis orientation have been presented. There have been given calculation results of wave numbers in a uniform ferrite layer and dependences of reflection coefficients
Real Business Cycles, Animal Spirits, and Stock Market Valuation
Authors:   Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, Lansing Kevin J.
Published: July 2018

This paper develops a real business cycle model with five types of fundamental shocks and one "equity sentiment shock" that captures animal spirits-driven fluctuations. The representative agent's perception that movements in equity value are partly driven by sentiment turns out to be close to self-fulfilling. I solve for the sequences of shock realizations that allow the model to exactly replicate the observed time paths of U.S. consumption, investment, hours worked, the stock of physical capital, capital's share of income, and the S&P 500 market value from 1960.Q1 onwards. The model-identified sentiment shock is strongly correlated with survey-based measures of U.S. consumer sentiment. Counterfactual scenarios with the model suggest that the equity sentiment shock has an important influence on the paths of most U.S. macroeconomic variables. [The first version of this paper was July 4, 2018.]