bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF ACCOMMODATION FACILITIES IN SLOVAKIA: REGIONAL DIFFERENCES AND STABILITY INDICATORS
Authors:   University of Economics in Bratislava, Faculty of Business Economy with seat in Košice, Department of Economics and Management, Košice, Slovakia, LUKÁČ Jozef , GALLO Peter ,   University of Prešov, Institute of Educology and Social Work, Faculty of Arts, Prešov, Slovakia, KUDLOVÁ Zuzana ,   University of Economics in Bratislava, Faculty of Business Economy with seat in Košice, Department of Corporate Financial Management, Košice, Slovakia
Published: September 2024

This study explores the geographical analysis of the financial performance of accommodation facilities in Slovakia, focusing on regional differences and stability indicators. The increasing interest in understanding how geographical factors and location affect the financial stability and performance of these facilities provides the backdrop for this research. The aim is to analyze and identify key financial indicators that contribute to the stability of accommodation facilities in various regions of Slovakia and to determine how these indicators differ regionally. To achieve this, the study employs a combination of descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and clustering methods (k-means). Financial data from 405 accommodation facilities were analyzed, focusing on indicators such as assets, equity, profit, revenue, return o n equity (ROE), and EBITDA. The ANOVA method was used to test the statistical significance of regional differences in these financial metrics, while k-means clustering helped group firms based on their financial stability. The results reveal significant regional disparities in financial performance. Regions like Bratislava and Žilina host larger, more profitable companies, whereas regions such as Prešov and Košice exhibit higher financial risks and negative equity. The study identifies the debt-toequity ratio and EBITDA as crucial indicators of financial stability, highlighting their variability across regions. These findings offer valuable insights for investors and managers in the hospitality industry, aiding in strategic decision -making regarding the placement and management of accommodation facilities.
TATAKELOLA EDUWISATA CAGAR BUDAYA
Authors: Apriliani Afmi , Tri Ramdani Faisal , Fitriah Maria , Wahyudin Cecep , Jalaludin Assayuti Muh , Alfin Zulfa Agra , Munawaroh Euis , Aryati Siti
Published: September 2024

Cultural heritage with the concept of Edutourism development is a special concern that must be supported by the Government Governance which is good for keeping local, tourism development and community economic improvement around tourism. This writing aims to find out the governance for the development of Edu Tourism in Tenjolaya Sub-District, Bogor Regency. The method used several steps including observation, preparation, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), counselling and training accompanied by a pre-test and post-test. The results of this service are generally that governance training activities are quite effective, namely that there is a significant increase in knowledge among participants with a percentage increase in knowledge and skills of 13.28%. This increase in knowledge has implications for increasing awareness of cultural heritage Edutourism management so that tourism awareness groups (pokdarwis) can be formed to govern tourism development in Tenjolaya Sub-District.
PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN WARGA MELALUI PENDEKATAN KOMUNITI DIAGNOSIS
Authors: Musfirah Musfirah , Tafa'al  Lana Abril
Published: September 2024

Community diagnosis merupakan proses pemecahan masalah dengan melaksananan berbagai langkah-langkah pemecahan masalah. Proses ini dimulai dari analisis situasi untuk mengidentifikasi masalah, penentuan prioritas masalah, melakukan alternatif pemecahan masalah dan melakukan intervensi sebagai solusi dari pemecahan masalah. Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prioritas masalah kesehatan yang ada di RT 2 Dusun Kalipentung dan dilakukan intervensi atas temuan masalah kesehatan tersebut. Hasil community diagnosis yang dilakukan di RT 2 Dusun Kalipentung, Kabupaten Sleman menunjukan perlu dilakukan intervensi terkait cara penanganan sampah di tingkat rumah tangga. Intervensi dilaksanakan untuk mengubah pengetahuan masyarakat terkait cara menangani sampah di tingkat rumah tangga, khususnya di lingkungan RT 2 Dusun Kalipentung, Kabupaten Sleman. Intervensi dilakukan dengan metode ceramah dan dilakukan diskusi atau tukar pikiran antar peserta.
Kata Kunci: Community diagnosis, Pengetahuan, Sampah
PENDAMPINGAN BELAJAR UNTUK MEMOTIVASI DAN MEMBENTUK KARAKTER SISWA
Authors: Defri Triadi  , Kristina Pera , Rania Rania , Chrismoneinty Nuni , Oktorilus Rizky , Lelono Zeffri , Eka Mareta Yemima , Wulandari Melan , Ying Eksantie Yang , Rayani Rayani , Sutriani Yenni , Paramita Dewi Paramita Dewi
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Elementaryschooleducationisaneffortmadetoeducateandproduce a nationlifethatisdevout,lovingandproudofthenationandstate,skilled,creative,ethicalandpoliteandabletosolveitsenvironmentalproblems.LearningactivitiesatSDNTewangDarayurequirelearningassistancetomotivateandshapestudentcharacterandbeabletoovercomeexistingproblems,suchasteaching and learningactivitiesthathavenotbeencarried out properly,andstudentsatSDNTewangDarayulackethicsandmannerstowardsteachersinschools. ThemethodofcarryingoutactivitiesisParticipatoryActionResearch(PAR).Thestagescarriedoutstartfromplanning,implementingandevaluating.Theresultsofthisactivityshowthatthereisanimprovementinstudentlearningoutcomesandstudentcharacter.Ingeneral,thisactivitycanbecarried out wellsoastoprovidegoodbenefitsforthestudents of SDNTewangDarayutoachievetheirgoalsinthefuture.
Keywords: learning, motivation, student character
ABSTRAK
Pendidikan sekolah dasar merupakan suatu upaya yang dilakukan untuk mencerdaskan dan mencetak kehidupan bangsa yang bertaqwa, cinta dan bangga terhadap bangsa dan negara, terampil, kreatif, berbudi pekerti dan santun serta mampu menyelesaikan permasalahan lingkungannya. Aktivitas pembelajaran di SDN Tewang Darayu memerlukan adanya pendampingan belajar guna memotivasi dan membentuk karakter siswa dan mampu mengatasi masalah yang ada, seperti aktivitas belajar-mengajar yang belum terlaksana dengan baik, serta siswa-siswi di SDN Tewang Darayu kurang memiliki budi pekerti dan tata krama terhadap guru-guru di sekolah. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan adalah Participatory Action Research (PAR). Tahapan yang dilakukan dimulai dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi. Hasil dari kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa ada peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dan karakter siswa. Secara umum, kegiatan ini dapat terlaksana dengan baik sehingga memberikan manfaat yang baik siswa-siswi SDN Tewang Darayu untuk menggapai cita-citanya di masa mendatang.
Kata Kunci: belajar, motivasi, karakter siswa
Studies of the effect of new feed additive "Lecithomix" on the dynamics of live weight of calves and their hematological parameters
Authors:   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Karpenko E.V. , Balyshev A.V. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Giro M.V. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Sycheva A.I. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production
Published: September 2024

Purpose. Studying the effect of new feed additive "Lecitomix" on the dynamics of live weight of calves, their hematological parameters and digestive activity. Materials and Methods. The object of research was calves aged 10 days of a black-and-white breed, which were fattened with the help of a new feed additive "Lecithomix", based on lecithin. 2 groups of calves were formed at Tepelevo OJSC, Nizhny Novgorod region: the first group (control) received the basic diet, the second group was fattened using the new feed additive “Lecitomix” at the rate of 2 kg per 1 ton of milk replacer. Live weight, absolute and average daily gains, and relative growth rates of calves were determined monthly by individual weighing of the entire experimental livestock (GOST 31962-2013). The content of hemoglobin, leukocytes, erythrocytes and biochemical parameters in the blood was determined using the following apparatus: semi-automatic analyzer URIT 800 Vet, URIT 3020 Vet, photoelectrocolorimeter. Results. As a result of the experiment, it was revealed that when using the Lecithomix feed additive for 50 days (a dose of a feed additive of 2 kg per 1 ton of milk replacer), the calves of the experimental group exceeded the control analogues by 1.2 kg or 1.8% (P≥0.999) in body weight. The level of hemoglobin in the blood of these animals was higher by 2.9 g / l or 2.7%, there were more erythrocytes by 0.12×1012 / l or 1.7%, total protein – by 2.24 g / l or 3.1% respectively. The digestibility of dry matter by experimental calves compared to the control group was higher by 2.9%, organic matter – by 3.3% (P≥0.95), crude protein – by 3.5% (P≥0.95), crude fat – by 1.1%, crude fiber – by 3.4% and nitrogen-free extractives – by 2.2% according to the data obtained from the balance experiment. Conclusion. It has been established that the use of a new feed additive, the basis of which is lecithin, has a positive effect on the dynamics of live weight of calves, their hematological parameters and digestive activity.
Improving the technology of “Dutch” cheese through the use of retentate obtained by ultrafiltration method
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Mironova I.V. , Slinkin A.A. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Krupina O.V. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: September 2024

Purpose. To improve the technology of cheese "Dutch" through the use of retentate obtained by ultrafiltration method. Materials and Methods. Generally accepted standard methods for determining the quality indicators of raw materials and the finished product: mass fractions of fat (GOST 5867), protein (GOST 25179), dry matters (GOST 3626), active (GOST 32892) and titratable (GOST 3624) acidity were used in the work. The organoleptic characteristics of Dutch cheese were assessed by tasting (GOST 32260-2013). Results. Studies of physico-chemical and microbiological parameters of raw materials for rennet production were carried out; the optimum temperature regime of raw milk pasteurization in rennet cheese production was selected: 75±2oC, exposure time 15-20 s; changes in composition and properties of whole natural cow's milk in the process of concentrating were investigated: temperature (30±2)оC, pressure (0.45+0.05)MPa were investigated; structural and mechanical properties were studied and it was found that the optimal content of substances in UV concentrate of whole milk is 34-35%. Conclusion. The technology of Dutch cheese has been improved. The possibility of producing cheese from milk processed by membrane concentration methods has been proven. The use of milk ultrafiltrate for processing into cheese improves the consumer properties of the product, increases its biological value and grade, and gives the product the necessary functional properties.
Eye movements and the role of the quick phase
Authors: Walter Nalita
Published: September 2024

By examining eye fixations, we assess the complexity of interpreting the fixated information and the proportion of fixation time per question, thereby illuminating cognitive processing mechanisms. Transitioning to the analysis of Nystagmus from eye-tracking data, this is crucial for the clinical interpretation of this pathological movement. However, automating this analysis is challenging due to the presence of natural eye movements and blink artifacts, which interfere with the signal of interest. To address this, we propose a Convolutional Dictionary Learning-based method that automatically identifies Nystagmus waveforms, effectively distinguishing natural eye movements from pathological ones. Our approach shows enhanced pattern recovery rates, as demonstrated by clinical examples that illustrate its effectiveness.
ML-CASCADE: A Machine Learning and Cloud Computing-based Tool for Rapid and Automated Mapping of Landslides using Earth Observation Data
Authors: sharma nirdesh , Saharia Manabendra
Published: September 2024

Landslides pose a significant threat to humans as well as the environment. Rapid and precise mapping of landslide extent is necessary for understanding their spatial distribution, assessing susceptibility, and developing early warning systems. Traditional landslide mapping methods rely on labor-intensive field studies and manual mapping using high-resolution imagery, which are both costly and time-consuming. While existing machine learning-based automated mapping methods exist, they have limited transferability due to low availability of training data and the inability to handle out-of-distribution scenarios. This study introduces ML-CASCADE, a user-friendly open-source tool designed for real-time landslide mapping. It is a semi-automated tool that requires the user to create landslide and non-landslide samples using pre- and post-landslide Sentinel-2 imagery to train a machine learning model. The model training features include Sentinel-2 data, terrain data, vegetation indices, and bare soil index. ML-CASCADE is developed as an easy-to-use application on top of Google Earth Engine and supports both pixel and object-based classification methods. We validate the landslide extent developed using ML-CASCADE with independent expert-developed inventories. ML-CASCADE is not only able to identify the landslide extent accurately but can also map a complex cluster of landslides within 5 minutes and a simple landslide within 2 minutes. Due to its ease of use, speed, and accuracy, ML-CASCADE will serve as a critical operational asset for landslide risk management.
A Community-Centric Intelligent Cyberinfrastructure for Addressing Nitrogen Pollution using Web Systems and Conversational AI
Authors: Shrestha Samrat , Mount Jerry , Vald Gabriel , Sermet Muhammed , Samuel Dinesh Jackson , Bryant Chelsea , Brichtova Ana Peralta , Beck Marcus , Meyers Steven , Muller-Karger Frank , Cwiertny David , Demir Ibrahim
Published: September 2024

The Blue-Green Action Platform (BlueGAP) information system (IS) is an intelligent cyberinfrastructure framework designed to support large-scale water quality assessments in the context of demographic statistics and community stories about water issues. The system prioritizes collaboration with interested parties in three pilot watersheds with test cases implemented in US locations including Iowa, Tampa, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The BlueGAP IS leverages Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies with large language models based on regional nutrient management issues and community knowledge to provide access to water quality information. The current focus of the system is on nitrate in drinking water, rivers, and waterways, and can be expanded to incorporate other water quality information. BlueGAP identifies possible partnerships and promotes collaborations among diverse stakeholders to facilitate effective evaluation of nitrogen-related analytes, guide action to address possible pollution, and outline sustainable water management practices. The BlueGAP IS also emphasizes its educational mission by connecting water quality data with inclusive and accessible educational content through AI technology. By integrating nitrogen data and water quality issues into educational resources, BlueGAP fosters a deeper understanding of water quality issues across diverse communities, empowering users to make informed decisions and contribute to sustainable water management practices.
Sedimentological controls on plant-fossil preservation in an Eocene caldera-lake fill: a high-resolution, age-constrained record from the Tufolitas Laguna del Hunco, Chubut Province, Argentina
Authors: Hajek Elizabeth , Krause Marcelo , Wilf Peter , Schmitz Mark
Published: September 2024

Caldera lake sediments of the early Eocene Tufolitas Laguna del Hunco (Chubut Province, Argentina) host one of the world’s best-preserved and most diverse fossil plant assemblages, but the exceptional quality of preservation remains unexplained. The fossils have singular importance because they include numerous oldest and unique occurrences in South America of genera that today are restricted to the West Pacific region, where many of them are now vulnerable to extinction. Lacustrine depositional settings are often considered optimal for preservation as passive receptors of suspended sediment delivered, often seasonally, from lakeshores. However, caldera lakes can be influenced by a broader range of physical and chemical processes that enhance or decrease fossil preservation potential. Here, we use Laguna del Hunco to provide a new perspective on paleoenvironmental controls on plant fossil preservation in tectonically active settings. We establish a refined geochronological framework for the Laguna del Hunco deposits and present a detailed history of processes active during ~200,000 years of lake filling from 52.217 ± 0.014 Ma to 51.988 ± 0.35 Ma, the time interval that encompasses nearly all fossil deposition. Detailed facies analysis shows that productive fossil localities reside within high-deposition-rate beds associated with high-energy density flows and wave-reworked lake-floor sediments, challenging traditional views that low-energy environments are required for well-preserved plant fossils. These results demonstrate that even delicate fossil components like fruits and flowers can survive high-energy transport, underscoring the importance of rapid burial as a primary control on fossil preservation. Short, steep sediment-transport networks may facilitate terrestrial fossil preservation by limiting opportunities for biochemical degradation on land and providing relatively frequent, high-energy depositional events, which quickly transport and bury organic material following events such as landslides from steep, wet, surrounding slopes. Our new model for plant taphonomy opens a path toward finding and understanding other exceptional biotas in environments once considered unlikely for preservation.
Predictive coding and dimension-selective attention enhance the lateralization of spoken language processing
Authors: Preisig Basil Christoph , Meyer Martin
Published: September 2024

Hemispheric lateralization in speech and language processing exemplifies functional brain specialization. Seminal work in patients with left hemisphere damage highlighted the left-hemispheric dominance in language functions. However, speech processing is not confined to the left hemisphere. Hence, some researchers associate lateralization with auditory processing asymmetries: slow temporal and fine spectral information is processed in right auditory regions, while faster temporal information is handled by left auditory regions. Others posit that lateralization relates more to linguistic processing, particularly for speech and speech-like stimuli. We argue that these seemingly distinct accounts are interdependent. Linguistic analysis of speech relies on top-down processes, such as predictive coding and dimension-selective auditory attention, which constrain speech processing to left-lateralized sensorimotor networks. Our review highlights that lateralization is weaker for simple sounds, stronger for speech-like sounds, and strongest for meaningful speech. Evidence shows that predictive speech processing and selective attention enhance lateralization. We illustrate that these top-down processes rely on left-lateralized sensorimotor networks and provide insights into the role of these networks in speech processing.
How and why to read (and write and publish) academic research
Authors: Savage Patrick E.
Published: September 2024

This article is designed to concisely teach undergraduate and new graduate students lessons in reading and writing I have learned in my past two decades as a university student, teacher, and researcher (including through publishing, retracting, correcting, and republishing articles in outlets with varying levels of “impact” and publication fees). Don’t just start at the beginning of an academic article/book and try to read straight to the end! Instead, I recommend starting by reading the title(s)/author(s) and abstract(s), then the figures, reading the Discussion section, and skimming/spot-checking the references, peer reviews, and data (e.g., spreadsheets, audiovisual stimuli, surveys), if available. Only once you have done this and evaluated whether it seems worth your time do I recommend deciding whether to read every word of some/all sections/chapters (and any accompanying supplementary material) or digging deeper into reanalysing/ replicating the data. I recommend writing accordingly so that most of your key information will be conveyed even if your reader only gets through your title, abstract, and figures. I discuss various strategies to improve your own academic reading/writing and the broader culture of academia, from practical (e.g., formatting and tracking references and citations using Zotero and Google Scholar, asking constructive questions rather than self-promoting comments, publishing using Peer Community In Registered Reports) to philosophical (e.g., ethical issues in authorship, citation, AI, publishing, and funding). I explain the intended goals of academic research (to create and distribute valuable new knowledge) and perverse incentives that lead us astray from these goals (e.g., chasing prestige and funding). I conclude by posing the open question of if and how we should dismantle the current extortionary academic-industrial complex and re-design it to align with its intended goals.
It Is Possible to Evaluate Presidential Forecasts in Less than Millennia
Authors: Berry George
Published: September 2024

There is a long-running debate on evaluating forecasts of rare events such as presidential elections. Recent scholarship has argued that forecasts cannot be evaluated on practical timelines and therefore do not provide reliable information. I argue the opposite: that a variety of statistical methods indicate that election forecasts can be evaluated in a timely manner, and that key forecasts that have survived many election cycles are likely to be informative.
Dime en qué zona vives y te diré cuántos derechos tienes: Análisis espacial de derechos humanos en la delegación de Xochimilco de la Ciudad de México
Authors: Nava Ana Carolina Díaz
Published: September 2024

Esta investigación exploratoria examina la desigualdad socioespacial en la Delegación de Xochimilco en relación con el acceso a recursos para el ejercicio de los derechos humanos (DDHH). Utilizando un análisis socioespacial con metodologías cualitativas y cuantitativas, la investigación se apoya en un Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) y bases de datos oficiales para demostrar la desigualdad en el acceso a bienes y servicios necesarios conforme a los Derechos Económicos, Sociales, Culturales y Ambientales (DESCA). Se reveló que las áreas más afectadas en cuanto al acceso a estos bienes y servicios son los asentamientos humanos irregulares y las zonas vulnerables. La interdependencia de los derechos humanos implica que la carencia de un derecho limita el pleno ejercicio de los demás. La investigación surgió de la necesidad de entender cómo ha aumentado la desigualdad socioespacial en Ciudad de México, donde en 2008 el 44.4% de la población vivía en pobreza, cifra que subió a 46.2% en 2014 (Coneval, 2016). A través de la experiencia voluntaria en Xochimilco, se observaron las distintas realidades y dificultades en el acceso a recursos y servicios básicos entre comunidades cercanas. Este estudio destaca la desigualdad espacial en el ejercicio de derechos y la necesidad de vincular los DESCA con la distribución de recursos. Se utilizarán datos del INEGI y CONEVAL para generar indicadores y mostrar la desigualdad en Xochimilco.
पवित्रा कथामा अर्थसापेक्ष
Authors: न्यौपाने Nyaupane दीपकप्रसाद Dipakprasad
Published: September 2024

Available with Fulltext.
उल्टो धार कविता सङ्ग्रहका कवितामा मानवतावाद
Authors: गैरे Gaire शंकरप्रसाद Shankarprasad
Published: September 2024

Available with Fulltext.
विश्वामित्र मेनुका खण्डकाव्यमा शृङ्गार रस
Authors: न्यौपाने Nyaupane सुभाषचन्द्र Suvashchandra
Published: September 2024

Available with Fulltext.
Anthropometric Measurements of External Ear of Medical Students in Rupandehi District of Nepal
Authors: Pranav Kumar Yadav  , Nikita Singh Yadav  , Ajay Shah  , Nitasha Sharma  , Laxmi Bhattarai  , Saru Bhattarai  , Anjan Palikhey
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION
Anthropometric refers to the measurements of living human body dimensions for the purpose of understanding human physical variation as it plays major role in prosthetics, plastic surgery. This study aimed to measure the external ear dimensions of medical students in the Rupandehi district, Nepal.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 100 medical students within October to January 2022 at the Anatomy department of UCMS, Bhairahawa. Samples where MBBS studying students aged 18-21 years enrolled in UCMS. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Ear measurements, including total ear length and ear width, were taken using a vernier caliper.
RESULTS
All parameters, including ear length, ear width, lobular length, and lobular width, were larger in males compared to females and were signiﬁcantly larger on the right side than the left. The difference in ear length (p = 0.00834) and ear width (p = 0.00004) between males and females was statistically signiﬁcant, with males having longer and wider ears on average.
CONCLUSION
The present study provided the mean values of external ear dimensions of right and left ears of medical students of UCMS, Bhairahawa. These values may provide signiﬁcant information required for supportive evidence in forensic ﬁeld, diagnosis of congenital malformations of ear. Therefore, this information can be used in plastic reconstruction surgeries, designing hearing aids, head phones.
Oral Metastasis to the Oral Cavity - An Emerging Prostate Cancer Risk Factor: A Review
Authors: Varun Rastogi  , Nisha Maddheshiya
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Metastatic tumors involving the jaw constitute a rare occurrence, encompassing approximately 1% to 4% of all oral malignancies resulting from distant primary tumors. Among the leading sources of metastatic tumors to the oral or maxillofacial region are breast, lung, prostate, kidney, bone, colon, rectum, thyroid, stomach, testis, bladder, ovary, and cervix cancers. Oral cavity metastatic tumors are infrequent, comprising approximately 1% of all oral malignancies. Remarkably, in 25% of cases, the presence of oral metastasis serves as the initial indicator of metastatic progression, while in 23%, it constitutes the earliest discernible evidence of malignancy spreading from its primary origin. Prostate cancer typically originates from the basal cells within the prostate, and it ranks as the 6th  most common cause of cancer-related mortality among males worldwide. Prostate cancer is indeed a signiﬁcant health concern for men, its prevalence and impact on male health underscore the importance of regular screening, early detection, and appropriate medical management to improve outcomes and reduce mortality rates. In our review, we explore different risk factors and predisposing conditions, as well as the primary pathway through which prostate carcinoma metastasizes to the oral cavity.
नेपाली उपन्यासको कालविभाजनका समस्या र समाधान
Authors: पौडेलः Poudel विष्णुप्रसाद Bishnuprasad
Published: September 2024

नेपाली उपन्यासको उत्पत्ति र विकासको व्यवस्थित अध्ययनका लागि कालविभाजन महत्त्वपूर्ण पक्ष भए पनि हालसम्म यसको तथ्यसङगत कालविभाजन नदेखिएकाले प्रस्तुत अध्ययन त्यसैमा केन्द्रित छ । यसक्रममा नेपाली उपन्यासको कालविभाजनमा केकस्ता समस्या किन देखिएका छन र तिनको समाधान कसरी गर्न सकिन्छ भन्ने प्राज्ञिक जिज्ञासा यस लेखका समस्या हुन । ती समस्याहरूको कारणसहित क्रमशः निरूपण गरेर तार्किक समाधान दिनु यसको उद्देश्य हो । पुस्तकालयस्रोतमा आधारित यस शोधमा महत्त्वपूर्ण प्राथमिक र द्वितीयक सामग्री स्वैच्छिक रूपमा छनोट गरिएको छ । साथै शोधसमस्याको अध्ययनविश्लेषण गर्न ज्ञानमीमांसाका रूपमा साहित्येतिहासको कालविभाजनको सैद्धान्तिक आधार र कालखण्ड (प्राथमिक, माध्यमिक र आधुनिक) का न्यूनतम मापकहरूको निर्धारण पनि गरिएको छ । सोही आधारमा यहाँ निर्धारित उद्देश्यको अन्वेषण गरिएको हुँदा यो लेख गुणात्मक शोधविधिमा आधारित छ । यसअनुसार नेपाली कविताकेन्द्री पूर्ण साहित्येतिहासले उपन्यासको उत्पत्ति र विकासलाई बेवास्ता गरी कालविभाजन गरेको, उपन्यासकेन्द्री इतिहास पनि पूर्ण साहित्येतिहाकै ढाँचामा लेखिएका, तिनमा इतिहासवादी दृष्टिकोणलाई त्यति महत्त्व नदिइएको, कालखण्डको समयनिर्धारणमा वस्तुगत आधारको अनुसरण नगरिएको, प्राथमिक, माध्यमिक र आधुनिक कालखण्डका न्यूनतम सैद्धान्तिक मापकप्रति सचेतता नरहेको, रहे पनि सबै विधामा समान रूपले लागू नगरिएको, शक्तिका आडमा कृतिको अधिमूल्यन गरी आधुनिकता निर्धारण गरिएको जस्ता कारणले नेपाली उपन्यासको कालविभाजनमा अनेक समस्या देखिएका छन । यस्ता समस्याहरूको गहन अनुशीलन गरी समाधानका रूपमा नेपाली उपन्यासको प्राथमिक (सुरु/१८२७–१९९०), माध्यमिक (१९९१–२००३) र आधुनिक  (२००४– आजसम्म) कालको समयनिर्धारण यहाँ अपरम्परित तर तार्किक आधारमा अप्रत्यक्षतः सङकेत गरेको छ । तथ्यसङगत ढङगमा यही बाटोबाट अगाडि बढदै गए नेपाली पूर्ण साहित्येतिहासको अपूर्णताको खाडल पुर्न सकिन्छ ।
कास्की जिल्लामा प्रयुक्त मातृभाषाहरूको विश्लेषण
Authors: तिमिल्सिना Timilsina यमनाथ Yemnath
Published: September 2024

प्रस्तुत लेख कास्की जिल्लामा बोलिने मातृभाषाहरूको अवस्थाका बारेमा विश्लेषण गर्नमा केन्द्रित रहेको छ । कास्की जिल्लामा बोलिने मातृभाषाहरूको पहिचान र तिनको वर्तमान अवस्थाका बारेमा अध्ययन गर्ने उद्देश्यले यो लेख तयार पारिएको हो । उक्त उद्देश्य पूर्तिका लागि कास्की जिल्लामा बोलिने मातृभाषाहरूको वर्तमान अवस्था केकस्तो रहेको छ भन्ने जिज्ञासालाई यस अध्ययनमा समस्याका रूपमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । गुणात्मक अनुसन्धान ढाँचाको अवलम्बन गरिएको यस लेखमा सङकलित सामग्रीहरूको अध्ययनबाट प्राप्त भएका तथ्यलाई तर्क, प्रमाण र दृष्टान्तका आधारमा पुष्टि गरिएको छ । राष्ट्रिय जनगणना–२०७८ को तथ्याङकलाई आधार मानी समस्याको समाधान गरिएकाले मूलतः प्राथमिक स्रोतका सामग्रीको उपयोग यस लेखमा गरिएको छ । यसका साथै यस क्षेत्रका मातृभाषाका बारेमा गरिएका पूर्वअध्ययनलाई द्वितीयक स्रोतका सामग्रीका रूपमा समेत उपयोग गरिएको छ । यी दुवै प्रकृतिका सामग्रीहरू पुस्तकालयबाट सङकलन गरिएका छन । कास्की जिल्लामा बोलिने मातृभाषाहरूको अवस्थाका बारेमा विश्लेषण गर्ने क्रममा मातृभाषाहरूको अवस्था, मातृभाषा र पुर्खाभाषाको स्थिति, भाषिक वक्ताको विस्तार, भाषिक वक्ताको न्यूनता, भाषिक यथास्थिति, लोपोन्मुखता, लोप, भाषा तथा भाषिकाको पहिचान, भाषिक संरक्षण जस्ता सूचकलाई आधार बनाइएको छ । विभिन्न तथ्याङकमा आधारित रहेर यो अध्ययन गरिएको छ । नेपाली भाषाबाहेक अन्य भाषाहरूलाई संरक्षण गर्ने नीति राज्यले नलिने हो भने कास्की जिल्लाका धेरै जसो मातृभाषाहरू सङकटमा पर्ने देखिन्छ भन्ने निष्कर्ष यस अध्ययनको रहेको छ ।
लेखनाथ पौडयालको तरुण तपसीमा अद्वैत वेदान्तदर्शन
Authors: शर्मा Sharma पुण्यप्रसाद Punyaprasad
Published: September 2024

तरुण तपसी लेखनाथ पौडयालद्वारा लिखित नव्यकाव्य हो । नेपाली साहित्यमा वेदान्त दर्शनका मान्यतालाई अघि सारेर लेखिएको यस काव्यले परमतत्त्वको सत्यता र जीवनजगतको नश्वरतालाई अघि सारेको छ । यस लेखमा तरुण तपसी काव्यमा जीवनजगत र मोक्षलाई कुन रूपमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ भन्ने जिज्ञासाको समाधान गर्ने उद्देश्य राखिएको छ । वृक्षको उत्पत्तिदेखि परिपक्व हुँंदासम्मको सिङ्गो जीवनका अनुभूति र मानव सभ्यतामा देखा परेका विविध पक्ष तथा  व्यवहारको उल्लेख गर्दै जीवनजगतलाई भ्रम र दःुखदायी हुने कुरा यस काव्यमा कविले अघि सारेका छन । ज्ञानप्राप्तिलाई प्रमुख उपलब्धिका रूपमा चित्रण गरेका यिनले अद्वैत वेदान्तदर्शनका माध्यमबाट जगतलाई असत्य र जीवन दुःखदायी हुने मान्यता अघि सारेका छन  । भौतिक उपलब्धि क्षणिक हुने र त्यसबाट शान्ति पनि नमिल्ने धारणा अघि सार्दै ज्ञान प्राप्ति र मोक्षका लागि आध्यात्मिक चिन्तनको आवश्यकतामा जोड दिने पौडयाल आदर्शमय जीवनशैलीका पक्षमा देखिन्छन । तरुण तपसी काव्यमा वर्णित यिनै विषयलाई आधार बनाएर अद्वैत वेदान्त दर्शनका आधारमा कविको जीवन जगत र मुक्तिसम्बन्धी मान्यता यस काव्यमा अघि सारिएको छ । ‘तरुण तपसी’मा कविले  जीवनलाई दीर्घस्वप्नका रूपमा प्रस्तुत गर्दै सृष्टिक्रम, मानिसमा देखिने लोभीपापी प्रवृत्ति, रुढीवादी चिन्तन, अन्धविश्वास एवं सम्पत्तिमोहले सिर्जना गरेका जटिलता र धनसञ्चय गर्ने चाहना लगायतका कुराहरू व्यावहारिक दृष्टिले आवश्यक देखिए पनि पारमार्थिक दृष्टिले महत्त्वपूर्ण र सुखदायी छैनन भन्ने कुरा काव्यमा अघि सारिएको सन्दर्भमा वेदान्त दर्शनका मान्यताका आधारमा काव्यको विश्लेषणका क्रममा निगमनात्मक विधि अवलम्बन गरी वेदान्त दर्शनका आधारभूत मान्यताका आधारमा काव्यको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ ।
आत्मावतारका कथाहरूमा नारीवादी चेतना
Authors: अधिकारी Adhikari बाबुराम Baburam
Published: September 2024

प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धानात्मक लेख आत्मावतार कथासङग्रहका कथाहरूमा नारीवादी चेतनासम्बन्धी अध्ययनमा आधारित छ । नारीवादी सिद्धान्तका आधारमा तत्सम्बन्धी कथाहरूको विश्लेषण गुणात्मक अध्ययन विधिका माध्यमबाट गरिएको छ । आत्मावतार कथासङग्रहका लाहुरेकी बहिनी, इच्छामुक्ति, मन, आत्मावतार, बगैँचा, सीमान्त, उपहार गरी सातवटा कथामा नारीका विषयमा केही कुरा उठाइएको हुँदा यिनै कथालाई मात्र प्राथमिक सामग्रीका रूपमा लिइएको छ । नारीवादी सिद्धान्तका आधारमा अध्ययन भएका सामग्री द्वितीय सामग्रीका रूपमा लिइएको छ । आत्मावतार कथासङग्रहका उल्लिखित कथाहरूमा नारीवादी चिन्तनलाई प्रयोग गरिएको छ । नारीलाई केन्द्रमा राखेर उनीहरूका सामाजिक, आर्थिक एवम सांस्कृतिक स्वतन्त्रता र समानताको आवाज यी कथामा उठाइएको छ । नारीहरूप्रतिको अन्यायपूर्ण सामाजिक व्यवहार र सोचको विरोध गर्दै नेपाली समाजमा अधिकारबाट वञ्चित नारीका पक्षमा कथाहरू केन्द्रित रहेका छन । सामाजिक कुसंस्कारका रूपमा रहेको पितृसत्तात्मक चिन्तनबाट मात्र नारीहरूले पीडा भोग्न परेको छैन, कतिपय परिस्थितिमा नारी उत्पीडनका कारण नारीहरू नै बनेका छन । सबै किसिमका अत्याचार, शोषण र दमनका विरुद्धमा नारीहरूले नै आवाज उठाउनु पर्दछ । महिला हिंसा, दाइजो, बलत्कार जस्ता गतिविधिलाई समाजबाट हटाउन सबै एकजुट हुनुपर्दछ र विशेष गरी नारी हकहितका लागि नारी जागरण एवम सशक्तीकरणका लागि नारी नै सचेत भएर अघि बढनुपर्दछ भन्ने सन्देश प्रवाह गर्नका लागि कथाहरू लेखिएको पुष्टि हुन्छ ।
सिकाइ सहजीकरणलाई सिकारुमैत्री र सहभागितामूलक बनाउने उपायका सम्बन्धमा भाषा शिक्षकहरूको अभिमत
Authors: शर्मा Sharma विष्णुप्रसाद Bishnuprasad
Published: September 2024

प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धानमूलक लेख त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालयअन्तर्गत स्नातक तहको सिकाइ सहजीकरणमा केन्द्रित छ । यस अनुसन्धानको उद्देश्य उक्त तहको नेपाली भाषा सिकाइ सहजीकरणलाई सिकारुमैत्री र सहभागितामूलक बनाउने उपायसम्बन्धी शिक्षकहरूको धारणा पहिल्याउनु रहेको छ । यो अनुसन्धान गुणात्मक विधि, व्याख्यावादी दृष्टिकोण, घटना अनुभव ढाँचा र रचनावादी (निर्माणवादी) सिद्धान्तमा आधारित छ । यसका लागि पोखरा महानगरपालिकाका स्नातक तहमा अध्यापन गर्ने शिक्षकहरूलाई सूचकका रूपमा लिई अन्तर्वार्ता उपकरणका माध्यमबाट उनीहरूका सिकाइ सहजीकरणसँग सम्बन्धित जीवन्त अनुभव सङकलन गरिएको छ । प्राप्त तथ्याङकलाई अभिलेखन गर्ने, सङकेतन गर्ने र विषयवस्तु बनाई प्रस्तुतीकरणका साथ छलफल गरी निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ । अनुसन्धानको प्राप्तितर्फ दृष्टि दिँदा सिकाइ सहजीकरणलाई सिकारुमैत्री र सहभागितामूलक बनाउन सिकारुलाई सिकाइमा नियमित, सक्रिय र सहभागी बनाउन आवश्यक छ । यसैगरी सिकाइ सहजीकरणबाट सिकारुमा नै ज्ञानको निर्माण गराउने, सन्दर्भ र समस्या केन्द्रित सिकाइमा जोड दिने, सिद्धान्त र व्यवहारबिचको समन्वय गराउने गर्नुपर्छ भन्ने धारणा शिक्षकहरूको छ । समस्याको समाधानमा सिकारुलाई नै उत्प्रेरित गर्ने, शिक्षक सिकाइमा सहजकर्ताका रूपमा र सिकारु सिकाइमा सक्रिय रहने साथै सिकारुमैत्री कार्यकलाप र सामग्रीको उपयोग गर्नाले सहभागितामूलक सिकाइ सफल हुने देखिन्छ । यस तरिकाबाट गरिएको सिकाइ सहजीकरणले सिकारुमा अपनत्वको विकास हुने, सिकाइमा स्थायी परिवर्तन ल्याउन सहयोग पुग्ने तथा न्यायपूर्ण समाजको निर्माण गर्ने  संस्कारको विकास हुने अभिमत सम्बन्धित शिक्षकहरूको  छ । यसर्थ सिकाइ सहजीकरणलाई अर्थपूर्ण बनाउन सिकारुको शैक्षणिक र मनोवैज्ञानिक पक्षले महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेलेको पाइन्छ ।
कखरा उपन्यासमा बालमनोविज्ञान
Authors: पौडेल Poudel सुरज Suraj
Published: September 2024

प्रस्तुत लेख हरिहर तिमिल्सिनाको कखरा (२०७८) उपन्यासलाई बालमनोविज्ञानका कोणबाट गरिने विश्लेषणमा केन्द्रित रहेको छ । कखरा उपन्यासमा बालमनोविज्ञानलाई कसरी प्रयोग गरिएको छ भन्ने प्राज्ञिक जिज्ञासाको समाधान गर्ने उद्देश्य यस अध्ययनमा राखिएको छ । लेख तयार पार्ने सन्दर्भमा पुस्तकालय कार्यको उपयोग गरी प्राथमिक स्रोतको सामग्रीमा कखरा उपन्यास र द्वितीयक स्रोतका सामग्रीमा बालमनोविज्ञानसम्बन्धी सैद्धान्तिक अवधारणा र उपन्याससग सम्बन्धित पूर्वअध्ययन रहेका छन । गुणात्मक विधि र पाठविश्लेषण ढाँचालाई अवलम्बन गरिएको यस अध्ययनमा प्रस्तुत उपन्यासलाई संवेग र संवेगात्मक अभिव्यक्ति, सामाजिक समूह र व्यवहार एवम भाषिक पक्षका आधारमा विश्लेषण गरिएको    छ । उपन्यासमा कुतूहलता, डर, पीडा, आक्रोश, खुसी, रिस, जिज्ञासा जस्ता बालसंवेगहरूको चित्रण पाइन्छ भने खेलप्रियता, अनुकरण, प्रदर्शन, प्रहसन, झगडा, गाली, सहयोग, सहकार्य जस्ता समाज मनोविज्ञानसग जोडिएका पक्षहरूको चित्रण गरिएको छ । साथै बालबालिकाले आफ्नो समूहमा प्रयोग गरेका खास किसिमका भाषिक पक्षको चित्रण पनि उपन्यासमा गरिएको छ । उपन्यासका बालपात्रहरू अभिभावक, शिक्षक र विद्यालय प्रशासकबाट भएका क्रूर व्यवहारबाट प्रताडित छन । भयरहित वातावरणको सिर्जना गरी बालबालिकालाई स्वतन्त्रतापूर्वक सिक्न दिनुपर्दछ । अतः बालमनोविज्ञानका संवेगात्मक, सामाजिक एवम भाषिक पक्षको चित्रणका दृष्टिले उपन्यास उत्कृष्ट बन्न पुगेको छ ।
पहराको फूल कवितासङग्रहमा विम्बविधान
Authors: बस्ताकोटी Bastakoti भूमिराज Bhumiraj
Published: September 2024

प्रस्तुत लेख ‘पहराको फूल’ कवितासङग्रहमा विम्बविधानसँग सम्बन्धित रहेर तयार पारिएको छ । कवितालाई कलात्मकता प्रदान गर्ने एउटा प्रमुख पक्ष विम्ब भएको र विम्बविधानका दृष्टिले समसामयिक कवितामा यस सङग्रह प्रभावशाली देखिएकाले यस्तो शीर्षक छनोट गरिएको हो । ‘पहराको फूल’ कवितासङग्रहमा के कस्ता विम्बको विधान गरिएको छ ? भन्ने मूल शोधप्रश्न लिएर यसमा अध्ययन गरिएको छ । सङग्रहमा प्रस्तुत कवितामा विम्बविधानको स्थितिलाई चित्रण गर्नु यसको खास उद्देश्य हो । सङग्रहको चयन तथा त्यसभित्रका कविता र कवितांश चयनमा सोद्देश्यमूलक नमुना छनोट विधि अवलम्बन गरिएको छ । गुणात्मक अनुसन्धान ढाँचाभित्र रही पाठविश्लेषण विधिको उपयोग यसमा गरिएको छ । विम्बका बारेमा पूर्व अध्येताका पुस्तक तथा शोधप्रबन्धबाट सैद्धान्तिक आधार निर्माण गरी तिनका अनेक प्रकारमध्ये आलङकारिक, प्रतीकात्मक, दृश्य, श्रव्य, स्पर्श, प्राकृतिक, स्मृति, संश्लिष्ट, प्रणय र निजी गरी १० प्रकारलाई विश्लेषणको आधार बनाइएको छ । प्रकार छनोटको आधारका रूपमा प्रयोगको आधिक्य तथा कलात्मक विधानलाई लिइएको छ । अन्यभन्दा आलङकारिक, प्रतीकात्मक र दृश्य विम्बको आधिक्य साथै नारी संवेदनागत विषय लिएर लेखिएका कवितामा विम्बको कलात्मक र मारक विधान भएको छ भन्ने निष्कर्ष यस अध्ययनबाट प्राप्त हुन आएको छ ।
Organizational Value Nexus and Espoused-Enacted Value Interplay: The Case of Sri Lankan Public Administration
Authors: Bandara Yashoda , Dissanayake Kumudinei , Arosha S. Adikaram
Published: September 2024

The role of public value conflicts in public failure has been examined from a human and normative viewpoint, beyond commonly discussed economic concerns. Although the country’s public sector is frequently criticized for its poor performance and value-related issues, very little research has been conducted in the Sri Lankan context in this regard. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how espoused and enacted organizational values interact in Sri Lankan public administration. This study employs a qualitative case study research approach within the broader philosophical premise of interpretivism. Accordingly, data were acquired from top-level managers of the Sri Lankan public administrative organization through in-depth, in-person, semi-structured interviews and core regulatory documents. Thematic analysis was conducted by coding and classifying the data to generate themes. Two main categories emerged from the analysis: espoused and enacted. The organization's primary stated values—public interest, service boundless, good governance, and humanity and morality—came to light as being distorted to some extent by personal interests, subordination and dependency, distrust, inactivity, and apathy in its day-to
day operations. The findings of this study provide fresh insights into existing knowledge on how the interplay of espoused – enacted values in public administration leads to public failures. Further, the study provides managerial implications that would aid public policymakers in the creation of practical plans for the alignment of public administration with the country's setting while keeping its avowed ideals.
 
keywords - Espoused Values, Enacted Values, Value Congruence, Public Administration, Public Value Conflicts, Sri Lanka
The Impact of Big Five Personality on Executive Employees’ Job Performance: Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction in a Selected Public Financial Institution in Sri Lanka
Authors: Weerasekara W.M. Sanjeewani K. , Perera G. Dinoka N.
Published: September 2024

The impact of an individual's Big Five Personality (BFP) on Job Performance (JP) is an important concept that has received widespread attention in the contemporary world. This study investigates the impact of an executive employee’s big five personality on job performance, with Job Satisfaction (JS) as the mediating factor for executive employees in a selected public financial institution in Sri Lanka. This study employs trait theory and a Five-Factor Model, analyzing individuals through a self-administered questionnaire utilizing a natural setting. The questionnaire comprises 75 statements and a demographic profile as the measurement instrument. Thirty executives were the subjects of the pilot test. 150 executives from the chosen public-sector financial institution made up the sample size. The data was analyzed using regression analysis and the correlation coefficient technique, with statistical data analysis conducted using SPSS 26. The study revealed that the big five personality and job satisfaction significantly influence executive employees' job performance and confirmed the mediation effect of job satisfaction. This study supports the big five personality and job satisfaction effects on job performance, offering insights for future human resources management planning such as recruitment, deployment, capacity development, and performance reviews in both the public and private sectors. Longitudinal and subsequent studies using alternative data collection techniques like interviews, samples, and mixed methods are recommended for more in-depth and diverse findings.
 Keywords: Big Five Personality, Executive Employees, Job Performance, Job Satisfaction, Public Sector, Sri Lanka
Preparedness Level of Achieving Educational Related Sustainable Development Goal (SDG4): Evidence from Sri Lanka
Authors: R. L. S. Fernando  , Kularathna E. A. I.
Published: September 2024

The government of Sri Lanka has made several efforts toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. The country has been implementing free education since the 1940s enabling access to education for all from Grade 1 to University education. The free education system in Sri Lanka has contributed to the country's high Human Development Index (HDI), positioning Sri Lanka at 72 out of 189 countries in 2020 with a 92.4 % adult literacy rate in 2020 (UNDP, 2023). However, it is problematic that the government could achieve SDG 04 by 2030. However, the preparedness for achieving education-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Sri Lanka has not been empirically examined. The main objective of this study is to explore the preparedness level for achieving SDG-04, identify challenges and difficulties in achieving SDG 4 by 2030, and propose policy measures to improve the preparedness level to achieve SDG-04 in Sri Lanka by 2030. Using qualitative research methods, this study selected purposively fifteen (15) responsible organizations. In-depth interviews were conducted with one responsible officer representing each organization. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Preparedness was identified regarding awareness, resource availability, training regarding SDG goals, and collaboration with other related organizations. The study revealed that relevant officers are aware of the 2030 Agenda and the selected organizations have included the SDGs in their action plan. Especially, the officers’ awareness of SDG 04 and its indicators, resources availability, training regarding SDG goals, and collaboration with the other related organizations are not at a satisfactory level. Lack of training opportunities on SDGs, prioritization of objectives, lack of monitoring, evaluation of the implementation of SDG 04, lack of authority, lack of staff, and lack of information sharing on SDGs were identified as the main problems and difficulties faced by these organizations in implementing SDGs programs that may hinder in achieving SDG 04 by 2030. If the current programs are being implemented efficiently, there may be a possibility of achieving the SDG 04 by 2030. Finally, this study proposes policy measures to enhance the preparedness level and address the issues in achieving SDG 04 in Sri Lanka. As there is a dearth of research examining the preparedness level in achieving SDG 04, particularly in Sri Lanka, thus, this study tries to fill this research gap.
Keywords: Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), SDG 04, Preparedness Level, Sri Lanka
Community Participation in Rural Development Project Implementation: Case Study of Kandaketiya Divisional Secretariat in Sri Lanka
Authors: G. K. A Sewwandi  , L. A Pavithra Madhuwanthi                                      L. A Pavithra Madhuwanthi
Published: September 2024

Rural development projects are advancing slowly in rural areas partly due to a lack of community participation in project implementation.  In the Sri Lankan context, state-governed projects are often planned by the Ministries and Departments, yet beneficiaries get the chance to engage with projects at the implementation stage. Divisional Secretariats play a major role when implementing projects at the rural level in Sri Lanka. Hence, this study aims to explore the reasons for lower community participation in rural development project implementation in a selected divisional secretariat called Kandaketiya in Sri Lanka, to examine issues encountered in community participation in rural development project implementation, and to make suggestions to increase active community participation. The study used a qualitative case study design by collecting data from the field officers engaged in rural project implementation and community members separately. Six focus group discussions were employed, and data analysis was done thematically.  As the reasons for lower community participation, the study found that lack of awareness, negative community perception, administrative and management issues of government institutes, time constraints, geographical barriers, and limited infrastructure availability. The study revealed that issues encountered in community participation in rural development project implementation as intergenerational conflicts and poor teamwork, insufficient monitoring by field officers, poor officer-community relationship, and lack of transparency in financial matters. Introducing a daily wage system, enhancing communication facilities, conducting need analysis tests, increasing financial transparency, conducting community awareness and capacity-building training for officers, and introducing people-centric project designs were stated as suggestions for increasing community participation.
Keywords - Community Participation, Project Implementation, Rural Development