bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discovery of a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activity signature correlates with immune cell infiltration in adrenocortical carcinoma
Authors: Wu Kan , Liu Zhihong , Liang Jiayu , Zhu Yuchun , Wang Xianding , Li Xiang
Published: October 2023

Background

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and highly aggressive endocrine malignancy, of which >40% present with glucocorticoid excess. Glucocorticoids and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling have long been thought to suppress immunity and promote tumor progression by acting on immune cells. Here, we provide new insights into the interaction between GR signaling activity and the immune signature of ACC as a potential explanation for immune escape and resistance to immunotherapy.

Methods

First, GR immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence analysis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (CD4 T, CD8 T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells and macrophages) were performed in 78 primary ACC tissue specimens. Quantitative data of immune cell infiltration in ACC were correlated with clinical characteristics. Second, we discovered a GR activity signature (GRsig) using GR-targeted gene networks derived from global gene expression data of primary ACC. Finally, we identified two GRsig-related subtypes based on the GRsig and assessed the differences in immune characteristics and prognostic stratification between the two subtypes.

Results

GR was expressed in 90% of the ACC tumors, and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes were the most common infiltrating cell type in ACC specimens (88%, 8.6 cells/high power field). GR expression positively correlated with CD8+ T cell (Phi=0.342, p<0.001), CD4+ T cell (Phi=0.280, p<0.001), NK cell (Phi=0.280, p<0.001), macrophage (Phi=0.285, p<0.001), and dendritic cell (Phi=0.397, p<0.001) infiltration. Clustering heatmap analysis also displayed high immune cell infiltration in GR high-expressing tumors and low immune cell infiltration in GR-low tumors. High GR expression and high immune cell infiltration were significantly associated with better survival. Glucocorticoid excess is associated with low immune cell abundance and unfavorable prognosis. A GRsig comprizing n=34 GR-associated genes was derived from Gene Expression Omnibus/The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data sets and used to define two GRsig-related subtypes in the TCGA cohort. We demonstrated distinct differences in the immune landscape and clinical outcomes between the two subtypes.

Conclusion

GR expression positively correlates with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in ACC. The GRsig could serve as a prognostic biomarker and may be helpful for prognosis prediction and response to immunotherapy. Consequently, targeting the GR signaling pathway might be pivotal and should be investigated in clinical studies.
SGN-B7H4V, an investigational vedotin ADC directed to the immune checkpoint ligand B7-H4, shows promising activity in preclinical models
Authors: Gray Elizabeth , Ulrich Michelle , Epp Angela , Younan Patrick , Sahetya Disha , Hensley Kelly , Allred Sean , Huang Li-Ya , Hahn Julie , Gahnberg Kristen , Treuting Piper M , Trueblood Esther S , Gosink John J , Thurman Robert , Wo Serena , Spahr Kellie , Haass Evgenia Jane , Snead Katie , Miller Dannah , Padilla Mary , Smith Alyson J , Frantz Chris , Schrum Jason P , Nazarenko Natalya , Gardai Shyra J
Published: October 2023

Background

SGN-B7H4V is a novel investigational vedotin antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) comprising a B7-H4-directed human monoclonal antibody conjugated to the cytotoxic payload monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) via a protease-cleavable maleimidocaproyl valine citrulline (mc-vc) linker. This vedotin linker-payload system has been clinically validated in multiple Food and Drug Administration approved agents including brentuximab vedotin, enfortumab vedotin, and tisotumab vedotin. B7-H4 is an immune checkpoint ligand with elevated expression on a variety of solid tumors, including breast, ovarian, and endometrial tumors, and limited normal tissue expression. SGN-B7H4V is designed to induce direct cytotoxicity against target cells by binding to B7-H4 on the surface of target cells and releasing the cytotoxic payload MMAE upon internalization of the B7-H4/ADC complex.

Methods

B7-H4 expression was characterized by immunohistochemistry across multiple solid tumor types. The ability of SGN-B7H4V to kill B7-H4-expressing tumor cells in vitro and in vivo in a variety of xenograft tumor models was also evaluated. Finally, the antitumor activity of SGN-B7H4V as monotherapy and in combination with an anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) agent was evaluated using an immunocompetent murine B7-H4-expressing Renca tumor model.

Results

Immunohistochemistry confirmed B7-H4 expression across multiple solid tumors, with the highest prevalence in breast, endometrial, and ovarian tumors. In vitro, SGN-B7H4V killed B7-H4-expressing tumor cells by MMAE-mediated direct cytotoxicity and antibody-mediated effector functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis. In vivo, SGN-B7H4V demonstrated strong antitumor activity in multiple xenograft models of breast and ovarian cancer, including xenograft tumors with heterogeneous B7-H4 expression, consistent with the ability of vedotin ADCs to elicit a bystander effect. In an immunocompetent murine B7-H4-expressing tumor model, SGN-B7H4V drove robust antitumor activity as a monotherapy that was enhanced when combined with an anti-PD-1 agent.

Conclusion

The immune checkpoint ligand B7-H4 is a promising molecular target expressed by multiple solid tumors. SGN-B7H4V demonstrates robust antitumor activity in preclinical models through multiple potential mechanisms. Altogether, these preclinical data support the evaluation of SGN-B7H4V as a monotherapy in the ongoing phase 1 study of SGN-B7H4V in advanced solid tumors (NCT05194072) and potential future clinical combinations with immunotherapies.
Extensive and nonextensive statistical mechanics: Exp and log distribution functions
Authors: Tawfik Abdel Nasser , Aboanbar Ahmed E. , Ghoneim Amira
Published: October 2023

The dominance of Boltzmann–Gibbs distribution (BG) in statistical physics appears to endow an impression that this would be the only statistical approach available. In fact, a large class of statistical approaches already exists. This is generalizing BG statistics referring to various types of nonextensivity, nonadditivity, nonequilibrium, nonlinearity, etc. For instance, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] functions play crucial roles in both extensive and nonextensive domains of statistical mechanics. Emerging in a physical system, BG statistics defines extensive entropy which relates the number of microstates to thermodynamic quantities or macroscopic states. In this regard, the Boltzmann distribution, extensive statistics, refers to a well-defined probability distribution, while the various types of nonextensive statistics categorically violate the fourth Shannon–Khinchen additivity axiom. The [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] distribution functions in BG, Tsallis, and generic statistics are systematically compared. We focus on the mathematical properties of both distribution functions and conclude that their compatibility exclusively depends on the nonextensive parameters, i.e. the mathematical properties of both distribution functions depend on the nonextensive parameters either that of Tsallis- or that of the generic-type of nonextensivity. We also conclude that the statistical nature of the underlying ensemble should be taken into consideration when applying the statistical approach.
MHD hybrid nanofluid flow over a stretched surface with convective boundary conditions: Applications of heat transfer
Authors: Alnahdi Abeer S. , Gul Taza
Published: October 2023

The main objective of this research is to analytically study an innovative, viscous, time-independent, and incompressible (HFN) hybrid nanofluid flow on a slanderous stretched surface. This study examines thermal conductivity, heat absorption/omission, thermal radiation, and the magnetic effect of in the existence of HFN. Incorporating an external heat source into the heat transfer process increases the effect of the dissipative heat and thermal radiation. The flow characteristics are governed by the mathematical form which is further transferred to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) via appropriate assumptions regarding similarity variables and stream functions. The strong nonlinearity was successfully solved using the analytical technique homotopy analysis method (HAM) for these nonlinear equations. The results and discussion section provides a thorough explanation of the main outcomes of the study. This research focuses on the enhancement of heat transfer and the effects.
Diversified impact of carbon nanotubes on the flow of micropolar nanofluid over a permeable expanding/contracting surface with thermal radiation
Authors: Raut Pabina , Mishra S. R.
Published: October 2023

This investigation on micropolar nanofluid flow has garnered significant attention due to its potential applications in various engineering fields. Therefore, exploration on the diversified impact of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the flow properties of a micropolar nanofluid through a permeable expanding/contracting surface embedding in a permeable medium with thermal radiation is studied. Moreover, the inclusion of magnetic field enriches the flow properties significantly. The governing equations, which include the conservation of mass, momentum, angular momentum, and energy, are distorted into a set of nonlinear partial differential equations using proper similarity rules. The subsequent equations are then handled numerically by employing shooting based Runge–Kutta fourth-order technique. The effects of various influential parameters, such as the permeability parameter, expansion/contraction ratio, radiation parameter, CNT volume fraction, and the Prandtl number, are investigated. The results reveal that the presence of CNTs significantly alters the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the micropolar nanofluid. The temperature and velocity profiles exhibit nonlinear behavior due to the combined influences of thermal radiation, permeability, and CNT volume fraction.
GCN2 is required to maintain core body temperature in mice during acute cold
Authors: Levy Jordan L. , Mirek Emily T. , Rodriguez Esther M. , Zalma Brian , Burns Jeffrey , Jonsson William O. , Sampath Harini , Staschke Kirk A. , Wek Ronald C. , Anthony Tracy G.
Published: October 2023

This paper details the discovery that GCN2 activation is required in both male and female mice to maintain core body temperature during acute cold exposure. The results point to a novel role for GCN2 in supporting adaptive thermogenesis via amino acid transport and actomyosin mechanics in brown adipose tissue.
Egocentric cues influence the allocentric spatial memory of object configurations for memory-guided actions
Authors: Forster Pierre-Pascal , Fiehler Katja , Karimpur Harun
Published: October 2023

Objects in our environment are coded relative to each other (allocentrically) and are thought to serve as independent and reliable cues (landmarks) in the context of unreliable egocentric signals. Contrary to this assumption, we demonstrate that egocentric cues alter the allocentric spatial memory, which could reflect recently discovered interactions between allocentric and egocentric neural processing pathways. Furthermore, additional landmarks lead to a higher contribution of allocentric and a lower contribution of egocentric cues.
Impairments of saccadic and reaching adaptation in essential tremor are linked to movement execution
Authors: Blondiaux Florence , Lebrun Louisien , Hanseeuw Bernard J. , Crevecoeur Frédéric
Published: October 2023

We tested essential tremor patients’ adaptation abilities in classical tasks including saccadic adaptation to target jumps and reaching adaptation to force field disturbances. Patients’ adaptation was present but impaired in both tasks. Interestingly, the deficits were mainly present during movement execution, whereas the anticipatory components of movements were similar to neurologically intact volunteers. These findings reinforce the hypothesis of a cerebellar origin for essential tremor and detail the motor adaptation impairments previously found in this disorder.
Aircraft Actuator Performance Analysis Based on Dynamic Neural Network
Authors: Abed Wathiq Rafa
Published: October 2023

Monitoring the condition of the aircraft actuators in various operating and environmental circumstances, this paper presents a method for measuring the surface roughness of aircraft actuators. The proposed method starts with the current and vibration signal as failure indicators and a dual-tree complex wavelet transformation (DTCWT) to generate the necessary features. Time-delay neural networks (TDNNs) have been developed for real-time performance monitoring to categorize problems and determine their severity. The simulation results show that the suggested method can accurately identify various faults.
Supplementary Data from Ncoa2 Promotes CD8+ T cell–Mediated Antitumor Immunity by Stimulating T-cell Activation via Upregulation of PGC-1α Critical for Mitochondrial Function
Authors: Zhong Xiancai , Wu Hongmin , Ouyang Ching , Zhang Wencan , Shi Yun , Wang Yi-Chang , Ann David K. , Gwack Yousang , Shang Weirong , Sun Zuoming
Published: October 2023

All supplementray figures and tables
Supplementary Table S1 from Glioblastoma Vascular Plasticity Limits Effector T-cell Infiltration and Is Blocked by cAMP Activation
Authors: Qin Zixi , Huang Youwei , Li Zeying , Pan Guopeng , Zheng Liangying , Xiao Xiao , Wang Fang , Chen Jiahong , Chen Xueqin , Lin Xi , Li Kai , Yan Guangmei , Zhang Haipeng , Xing Fan
Published: October 2023

GdEC gene sets
Figure 3 from Tumor Cell–Intrinsic c-Myb Upregulation Stimulates Antitumor Immunity in a Murine Colorectal Cancer Model
Authors: van Gogh Merel , Glaus Garzon Jesus F. , Sahin Dilara , Knopfova Lucia , Benes Petr , Boyman Onur , Jurisica Igor , Borsig Lubor
Published: October 2023

Tumor cell c-Myb upregulation results in changes in the TME. A and B, Flow cytometry analysis of subcutaneous MC38T/O tumors from Ctrl or Dox-treated mice at day 28 for CD103+ conventional DC (cDC); CD45+CD64−CD11c+MHCII+CD103+), eosinophils (CD45+CD11b+Ly6G−MHCII−SiglecF+), TAMs (CD45+CD11b+CD64+CD11c+), and CD4+/CD8+ T cells (CD45+CD11b−CD3e+CD4+ or CD8+, respectively). Data are represented as the number of cells per gram of tumor tissue. Median fluorescent intensity (MFI) is shown for CD206 and MHCII on TAMs, as well as representative histograms for MHCII expression. CD8+ perforin+/granzymeB+ populations are represented as percentage of total CD8+ T cells. C, Bioplex analysis of subcutaneous MC38T/O tumor homogenates of Ctrl and Dox-treated mice using two separate detection kits. Heatmaps are shown of representative samples. Graphs of absolute values are represented as pg of cytokine per mg of total protein. D, Tumor growth curves and final tumor weight of Ctrl or Dox-treated RAG-γc deficient (KO) mice subcutaneously injected with MC38T/O cells. n = 9–12 (A and B), n = 4–10 (C), or n = 5–6 (D) mice per group, from two independent experiments (A–C). Data are presented as mean values ± SEM. Mann–Whitney test was used (A–C) for statistical analysis. Two-way ANOVA was used for comparing tumor growth curves (D). *, P < 0.05, **, P < 0.01, ***, P < 0.001.
Supplementary Tables from CXCL10 Recruitment of γδ T Cells into the Hypoxic Bone Marrow Environment Leads to IL17 Expression and Multiple Myeloma Progression
Authors: Wang Jingya , Peng Ziyi , Guo Jing , Wang Yixuan , Wang Sheng , Jiang Hongmei , Wang Mengqi , Xie Ying , Li Xin , Hu Meilin , Xie Yangyang , Cheng Hao , Li Tiantian , Jia Linchuang , Song Jia , Wang Yafei , Hou Jian , Liu Zhiqiang
Published: October 2023

supplementary tables 1-5
Supplementary Table 1 from Combined Targeting of NAD Biosynthesis and the NAD-dependent Transcription Factor C-terminal Binding Protein as a Promising Novel Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Dcona M. Michael , Chougoni Kranthi Kumar , Dcona Diana T. , West Jacqueline L. , Singh Sahib J. , Ellis Keith C. , Grossman Steven R.
Published: October 2023

KRAS /TP53 status, sex and tissue origin for cell lines used in the study.
Supplementary Figure 9 from Combined Targeting of NAD Biosynthesis and the NAD-dependent Transcription Factor C-terminal Binding Protein as a Promising Novel Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Dcona M. Michael , Chougoni Kranthi Kumar , Dcona Diana T. , West Jacqueline L. , Singh Sahib J. , Ellis Keith C. , Grossman Steven R.
Published: October 2023

PaTu8988T cells were treated with Vehicle or 10 nM GMX1778 for 24 h followed by the addition of Vehicle or 250 µM of 4-Cl-HIPP for 48 h.
Supplementary Figure 7 from Combined Targeting of NAD Biosynthesis and the NAD-dependent Transcription Factor C-terminal Binding Protein as a Promising Novel Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Dcona M. Michael , Chougoni Kranthi Kumar , Dcona Diana T. , West Jacqueline L. , Singh Sahib J. , Ellis Keith C. , Grossman Steven R.
Published: October 2023

Panc-1 or PaTu8988T cells were treated with Vehicle (Veh) or 10 nM GMX1778 for 24 h followed by the addition of Vehicle or indicated concentrations of 4-Cl-HIPP for 48 h, followed by incubating live cells in 0.25 µM disuccinimidyl glutarate (DSG), and immunoblotting of crosslinked cell lysates for CtBP1
(Panc-1, PaTu8988T) or CtBP2 (PaTu8988T).
Supplementary Figure 5 from Combined Targeting of NAD Biosynthesis and the NAD-dependent Transcription Factor C-terminal Binding Protein as a Promising Novel Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Dcona M. Michael , Chougoni Kranthi Kumar , Dcona Diana T. , West Jacqueline L. , Singh Sahib J. , Ellis Keith C. , Grossman Steven R.
Published: October 2023

Representative experiment showing the viability of PaTu8988T cells pretreated with vehicle or 10 µM of nicotinic acid (NA) and then treated with Vehicle (Veh) or increasing concentrations of GMX1778 for 72 h as measured by MTT assay. B) EC50 values for GMX1778 derived from 2 independent repetitions of the experiment in A).
Supplementary Figure 3 from Combined Targeting of NAD Biosynthesis and the NAD-dependent Transcription Factor C-terminal Binding Protein as a Promising Novel Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Dcona M. Michael , Chougoni Kranthi Kumar , Dcona Diana T. , West Jacqueline L. , Singh Sahib J. , Ellis Keith C. , Grossman Steven R.
Published: October 2023

Immunoblot analysis of CtBP1/2 levels in PaTu8988T and Suit2 cell lines expressing shCtBP1/2 vs. shGFP control used in Fig. 2A.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Combined Targeting of NAD Biosynthesis and the NAD-dependent Transcription Factor C-terminal Binding Protein as a Promising Novel Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Dcona M. Michael , Chougoni Kranthi Kumar , Dcona Diana T. , West Jacqueline L. , Singh Sahib J. , Ellis Keith C. , Grossman Steven R.
Published: October 2023

Mean CtBP1/2 and NAMPT protein abundance in PDAC cell lines relative to levels in h-TERT-HPNE (HPNE) cells as determined by densitometry of corresponding immunoblots in Figs. 1B (Panel A) and 1C (Panel B).
Supplementary Figure 10 from Combined Targeting of NAD Biosynthesis and the NAD-dependent Transcription Factor C-terminal Binding Protein as a Promising Novel Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Dcona M. Michael , Chougoni Kranthi Kumar , Dcona Diana T. , West Jacqueline L. , Singh Sahib J. , Ellis Keith C. , Grossman Steven R.
Published: October 2023

Mean weight of mice in each of the 4 treatment cohorts from the xenograft study in Fig. 5
Mucormycosis related knowledge among a sample of the general population in Egypt
Authors: Salem Marwa Rashad , Ataya Eman F. , Mahmoud Ahmed Taher , Fathy Mohamed , Tammam Ahmed , Zein Marwa M.
Published: October 2023

In the fight against COVID-19, the mass usage of broad-spectrum antibiotics and steroids may result in the development or worsening of a pre-existing fungal disease. The researchers conducted the current study among a sample of the general population in Egypt to assess their mucormycosis-related knowledge. The current work was an exploratory cross-sectional study performed via an online survey. The investigators conducted a convenience sampling by looking for large-networked groups on Facebook; 473 completed the questionnaire. It included: socio-demographics, 28 knowledge questions addressing definition, risk factors, modes of transmission, symptoms, and prevention of mucormycosis, and sources of knowledge. The median total knowledge percent score was 58 (9-38). The least median percent score was 25 (0-83) for prevention knowledge. The comparison between knowledge percent score and participants' demographics showed no statistically significant difference. However, the participants working in the medical field had a higher median knowledge percent score, with a p-value <0.05. The major sources of information were cited as being the internet and social media. Despite being educated, and most of the enrolled individuals were university graduates, most participants had insufficient mucormycotic knowledge. This emphasizes the importance of conducting mucormycosis awareness campaigns for the public.
Prolonged standing and work fatigue on sales promotion girl workers at the Kubu Raya Regency Shopping Center
Authors: Sunarsieh Sunarsieh , Adib Moh
Published: October 2023

Standing positions are used for almost all jobs, including sales promotion girl or SPG workers. Standing in working positions for long periods can cause work fatigue. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the length of work in a standing position and the work fatigue of SPG workers. This research is a cross-sectional study. Fatigue data collection was carried out by interviews using the industrial fatigue research committee (IFRC) questionnaire. Data on the length of work in a standing position are obtained by interview and observation. Based on the results of the study, as many as 66.7% of workers at SPG in the shopping center of Kubu Raya Regency, Indonesia in one day work in a standing position for eight hours, and 33.3% work in a standing position for >8 hours. The average level of work fatigue at the beginning of work is 49.38, and after work is 52.95, with the results of statistical analysis showing a p-value of 0.000, meaning that there is a significant relationship between long-standing position and work fatigue. There is a need for supervision and monitoring related to the work safety system regularly carried out by the manager of the shopping center, which is also supervised by the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Manpower.
Stress and quality of life among susceptible Thai people during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chotklang Duangruedee , Padphai Isaree , Porusia Mitoriana , Chotchai Tepthai , Ekathat Thitikan
Published: October 2023

People with underlying disease (diabetes mellitus, and hypertension) could be stressed during COVID-19 pandemic. This study was investigated stress levels and quality of life among diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension patients, and factors related to quality of life in Khon Kaen during COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted 270 samples. Multilevel logistic regression was performed to identify the influence of stress level and quality of life (QoL). The results showed that most of the samples had a moderate level of stress (78.5%), and a high level of stress (3.3%). For overall QoL, it was found that most of them had moderate level (77.8%), and poor level (7.8%). The likelihood of poor QOL was 5.5 times (adj. OR=5.5; 95% CI: 1.6 to 18.1) of income decreasing due to economic downturn, no impact to moderate impact and not COVID-19 immunized had 3.4 times the likelihood of poor QOL (adj. OR=3.4; 95% CI:1.2 to 9.2) with statistical significance at 0.05 level. It could be concluded that nearly 2.5–3 times, samples had a poor to moderate quality of life, due to stress and economic issues that affected people's quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Herbal galactogogue supplementation on average zinc and iron levels in breast milk
Authors: Pratama Rini Mustikasari Kurnia , Handayani Ayu Mustika , Andriani Lili , Yunus Ahmad , Novika Revi Gama Hatta
Published: October 2023

The problem often encountered concerning failed exclusive breastfeeding is the insight of the mothers into little or less milk production, causing fear of being incapable to satisfy the baby’s needs. The quasi-experimental research design was used in this study. There was a control group and two intervention groups. The intervention group was given moringa leaf extract and banana flower extract for 14 days. Mother’s milk was examined with atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) at Labkesda (regional health laboratory) Jambi Province, Indonesia. Data were analyzed using 1-way- ANOVA. The zinc levels variable in breast milk obtained a p-value of 0.160, indicating that the zinc level in mother’s milk between the control group, moringa leaf extract, and banana flower extract did not show any meaningful difference. The iron levels variable in breast milk obtained a p-value of 0.497, indicating that the Fe levels of mother’s milk in the control group, moringa leaf extract, and banana flower extract did not show considerable distinctions. As a result, zinc and iron levels in the mother’s milk showed no prominent differentiation in the control, moringa leaf extract, as well as banana flower extract groups.
How electronic emergency and disaster system can reduce nursing workload?
Authors: Mesa Nofita Dewi Kok , Wihastuti Titin Andri , Nugroho Fajar Ari , Supriyadi Muchamad
Published: October 2023

Prehospital care is an emergency medical service (EMS) administered outside of the hospital. Time-consuming documentation of medical records is one of the tasks that prehospital nurses have to complete. It requires the development of innovations to improve prehospital care. To enhance prehospital treatment, innovations must be created. The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether the emergency and disaster electronic handling system application (SPEED) decreases the time nurses spend recording patient records. A total of 54 samples will be randomly separated into two groups as part of the study's true experimental design with crossed over method. Each of the three study sessions lasts for three weeks to finish. Group B received the first period of the paper-based intervention, whereas group A received the SPEED intervention. Group B will get the SPEED intervention following the washout period (second period), whereas group A will receive a paper-based intervention (third period). The independent t-test showed that the SPEED application was more efficient than paper-based using a mean difference value of 25.22 and a sig (2-tailed) value of 0.00. The SPEED application can make nurses' jobs easier and lighten their prehospital nurses' mental, physical, and time demands.
Usability assessment using m-Health app usability questionnaire on the iPosyandu application in Central Sulawesi
Authors: Abdullah Sakina , Rinawan Fedri Ruluwedrata , Judistiani Raden Tina Dewi
Published: October 2023

The iPosyandu mobile application is one of the android-based smartphone applications that contains information about the growth and development of babies/toddlers and about pregnancy as an effort to reduce maternal mortality rate (MMR). This study's objective is to evaluate the usability of the iPosyandu mobile application and offer modifications to increase its reusability. The study was conducted on 88 pregnant women at the Lere Health Center and Kinovaro Health Center which were divided into 44 people from signaling areas and 44 people from signal-difficult areas using mixed method research with an explanatory sequential design. The m-Health app usability questionnaire (MAUQ) is employed in the quantitative stage, whereas the focus group discussions (FGD) approach is used in the qualitative stage. The calculation of the MAUQ score in this study showed that each statement item contained in 3 variables or aspects in the MAUQ questionnaire got a good score with a total average scale of 6.26 (89.41%) in the signaled area and 6.29 (89.81%) in the signal-difficult area where the score was >4. There are still some barriers to using the program, thus enhancements must be done to increase user comfort.
Effect of psychosocial stress during pregnancy against prostaglandin hormone levels in maternity
Authors: Sudirman Jumrah , Kusniyanto Rahayu Eryanti , Saleng Hasriani , Triananinsi Nurhidayat , Syarif Sutrani , Iskandar Abdul Malik
Published: October 2023

Stress is a mental health problem in pregnancy and affects the birthing process of breastfeeding. Stress can affect physiological processes in the body, including hormones in labor. This study evaluated the effects of stress during pregnancy on prostaglandin hormone levels in the mother during maternity. This research is an observational study using a prospective cohort approach. The number of samples in this study was 121 samples. Stress change data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank test and 1-way test ANOVA. The results showed there was a change in stress from first trimester to second trimester there were 23 respondents who experienced increased stress (p=0.000), second trimester to third trimester there were 102 respondents who experienced increased stress (p=0.000), and first trimester to third trimester there were 78 respondents who experienced increased stress (p=0.000). There were different prostaglandin levels based on stress levels. The mother's high stress that elevated prostaglandin levels. Stress can positively or negatively impact the processes in the mother's body, including in the delivery process effects of stress, especially on uterine contractions. Therefore, health workers can provide care by paying attention to the psychological aspects of the mother because psychological conditions can affect the processes in the mother's body.
Profile of appendicitis patient: epidemiology, clinical, and laboratories evaluation in rural-urban area
Authors: Heriyanto Moch Junaidy , Ratnaningsih Tri , Fatimah Bunga , Putri Rona Hafida Heriyanto , Nisa Afifah Khairu
Published: October 2023

Appendicitis is one of the most common abdominal inflammations in daily emergency cases. The diagnosis of appendicitis is often delayed because the symptoms resemble other abdominal emergencies. The present research aimed to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of acute appendicitis patients. The research design is a cohort retrospective study employing appendicitis patients' medical record data at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2020. The variables obtained through the patient records were age, gender, domicile location, vital signs, physical examination, blood laboratory, ultrasound, histopathology, postoperative diagnosis, the incidence of peritonitis, and length of stay. The median age value in patients with appendicitis was 27 years (0-95), and the largest group was young adults (19-44 years). Abdominal pain was found in almost all research subjects. The median of leukocytes was 10.1 (3.32-65.80)×106/ml and the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was 3.52 (0.47-30.57)/μl. The median percentage of the neutrophil count was 70.7 (27.90-94.81). The final diagnosis of complicated appendicitis was more than uncomplicated appendicitis (51.2% vs. 48.8%). We conclude that several detailed parameters, such as the location of abdominal pain, leukocyte count, and NLR can help the physician diagnose appendicitis and guide surgeons in deciding the type of surgery.
Analysis of risky food consumption behavior among university students
Authors: Djannah Sitti Nur , Handayani Lina , Ruliyandari Rochana , Tukiyo Intan Wahyuni
Published: October 2023

Non-communicable diseases (NCD) and oral disease problems can arise in all age groups, including teenagers. Risky behavior is caused by a poor lifestyle and other factors. This study aimed to determine risky behavior and NCD incidence as well as oral problems in students at the Yogyakarta campus. This can lead NCD and oral problems. This research is quantitative descriptive-analytic research condected in a private university in Yogyakarta. The data was collected through an electronic questionnaire (Google form) and analyzed descriptively. Among the students' risky behaviors, 87.27% consumed excessive sweet food, 87.88% salty food, 82.42% oily food, 80% of seasonings, 57.58% consumed instant noodles, 84.85% consumed too little fruit and vegetables, and 87.27% did not participate in physical activity for 30 minutes. In the last 12 months, there was a high incidence of dental and oral health issues among students without symptoms. It was concluded that the most dominant risk behavior for non- communicable disease correlated with poor diet related to food consumption and lack of physical activity. All students had no symptoms or no doctor's diagnosis, but students experienced oral health problem within 12 months. A healthy diet, regular exercise, and good oral hygiene can reduce the risk of NCDs and dental and oral diseases.
The use of telemedicine in primary health care during COVID-19: perceptions from health care professionals
Authors: Permana Iman , Hanifah Hanifah , Pamungkasih Wahyu , Mardliyah Syarifatun , Setyonugroho Winny , Furqoni Habib Abda
Published: October 2023

This research aims to explore the perceptions of health care professionals about the use of telemedicine which took place in Banguntapan 2 primary health care. This study was part of a bigger action research study and was done to obtain an understanding of the telemedicine service as the first step of the diagnosing phase. The respondents are the chief of primary health care, the coordinator of individual health initiatives as well and the coordinator for the appointment program. The selected healthcare professionals were chosen to obtain the telemedicine best-practice in healthcare facilities and to serve as the data triangulation to avoid bias in the answers collected. The result of the interviews revealed four topics: i) the use of telemedicine in minimizing direct contact with the patient; ii) the need to expand the existing system; iii) the utilization of WhatsApp, a popular online platform in the community; and iv) the possibility to merge with the existing online system of national health insurance (JKN) and digital government service (DGS). Some recommendations to improve are to implement a one-stop messaging service, optimization of WhatsApp, and bridge the appointment system to the existing regional DGS.
Hypoxis limicola and H. uniflorata (Hypoxidaceae) deserve species rank: multiple new lines of evidence
Authors: NIEMANN HENDRIK J. , COETZER DEWALD J. , GLENNON KELSEY L.
Published: October 2023

Hypoxis, the largest genus within the Hypoxidaceae, has its primary centre of diversity and endemism within southern Africa. The taxonomy of the genus has always presented a challenge due to a lack of distinct diagnostic characters that readily define species and infraspecific taxa—with polyploidy, hybridization, and apomixis thought to contribute substantially to these challenges. This holds true for the informally designated Hypoxis parvula species complex—a group of five soft-leaved taxa (H. parvula var. parvula, H. parvula var. albiflora, H. limicola, H. uniflorata, and H. membranacea) that have been treated as distinct by some authors and have variously been reduced to synonyms by others. Here, the taxonomic status of lineages within this complex is evaluated using flow cytometry, morphological, environmental, and molecular data. Specifically, it is evaluated whether there is sufficient support to resurrect Hypoxis limicola and to uphold the little-known H. uniflorata. Differences in relative genome size estimates between H. limicola and the H. parvula varieties, as well as environmental data, suggest that H. limicola exists outside the ecological habitat of both H. parvula varieties, which supports the distinctness of these two species. Results from the phylogenetic analysis based on cpDNA regions (rbcL, trnS-G, and trnL-F) showed that H. limicola, H. parvula, and H. uniflorata formed distinct, well supported clades within Hypoxis. Hypoxis membranacea did not resolve with any members of the H. parvula species complex, but instead formed a clade with H. angustifolia—a taxon with which it overlaps morphologically and ecologically, and with which it is thought to hybridize. Collectively, the data supports reinstatement of H. limicola and recognition of H. uniflorata as a distinct species. Descriptions with updated notes on habitat, distribution, relationships, and diagnostic features are provided for the focal taxa in this study, together with an identification key.
Rhododendron mingii (Ericaceae), a new species from Southeast of Yunnan, China
Authors: LIU ZHENWEN , LIU ENDE , HE DEMING , MA YONGPENG , GAO LIANMING
Published: October 2023

A new species of Rhododendron, R. mingii (Ericaceae), from Malipo County, Southeast of Yunnan, China is described and illustrated here. Morphologically, the new species is most similar to R. genestierianum but differs by its much shorter petiole and leaf, hairs along the margin of the leaf, densely white powder on outer surface of petal, and slender and erect style. A molecular phylogenetic analysis based on three standard DNA barcodes (rbcL, matK and ITS) indicates that R. mingii is a distinct lineage that genetically differs from R. genestierianum.
Khyung / ཁྱུང་། / 鹏
Authors: Tso Bendi , Gyatso Marnyi , Tsering Naljor , Turin Mark , Members of the Choné Tibetan Community
Published: October 2023

This chapter elaborates on the miraculous bird-like deity known to Tibetans as Khyung. Following a description of the creation of the universe from the Bon and Buddhist perspectives, this chapter covers the birth, appearance, food, form and power of the Khyung. Additionally, it tells the story of how the red Khyung was captured by the demon and subsequently rescued by a wise bat. The chapter offers deep insights into the matrix of Buddhist and non-Buddhist knowledge that together have nourished the Tibetan cultural world.
Chémar / ཕྱེ་མར། / 切玛
Authors: Tso Bendi , Gyatso Marnyi , Tsering Naljor , Turin Mark , Members of the Choné Tibetan Community
Published: October 2023

This chapter provides a detailed description of chémar, the auspicious offering reserved for important rituals, ceremonies, and celebrations in all Tibetan communities. The narration illustrates the shape of chémar and the elements that constitute it, along with their symbolic meanings. Furthermore, this chapter also outlines the process of building a table to hold chémar, highlighting the careful selection of materials and skills required for its assembly.
Lönpo Garchen / བློན་པོ་མགར་ཆེན། / 大臣噶尔东赞
Authors: Tso Bendi , Gyatso Marnyi , Tsering Naljor , Turin Mark , Members of the Choné Tibetan Community
Published: October 2023

‘Lönpo Garchen’ provides a unique description of the most famous marriage in Tibetan history. With major characters and their relations with Buddhism introduced, this chapter illustrates how Songtsen Gampo’s Minister, Gar Tongtsen, trekked to Tang China, triumphed over the envoys of other rulers in competitions to woo Princess Wencheng, and used his wisdom to escape from the Tang capital to Lhasa. Additionally, this chapter contains valuable Tibetan historical, cultural, and religious knowledge.
Machine Learning for Nonorographic Gravity Waves in a Climate Model
Authors: Hardiman Steven C. , Scaife Adam A. , van Niekerk Annelize , Prudden Rachel , Owen Aled , Adams Samantha V. , Dunstan Tom , Dunstone Nick J. , Madge Sam
Published: October 2023

There is growing use of machine learning algorithms to replicate subgrid parameterization schemes in global climate models. Parameterizations rely on approximations; thus, there is potential for machine learning to aid improvements. In this study, a neural network is used to mimic the behavior of the nonorographic gravity wave scheme used in the Met Office climate model, important for stratospheric climate and variability. The neural network is found to require only two of the six inputs used by the parameterization scheme, suggesting the potential for greater efficiency in this scheme. Use of a one-dimensional mechanistic model is advocated, allowing neural network hyperparameters to be chosen based on emergent features of the coupled system with minimal computational cost, and providing a testbed prior to coupling to a climate model. A climate model simulation, using the neural network in place of the existing parameterization scheme, is found to accurately generate a quasi-biennial oscillation of the tropical stratospheric winds, and correctly simulate the nonorographic gravity wave variability associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation and stratospheric polar vortex variability. These internal sources of variability are essential for providing seasonal forecast skill, and the gravity wave forcing associated with them is reproduced without explicit training for these patterns.

Significance Statement

Climate simulations are required for providing advice to government, industry, and society regarding the expected climate on time scales of months to decades. Machine learning has the potential to improve the representation of some sources of variability in climate models that are too small to be directly simulated by the model. This study demonstrates that a neural network can simulate the variability due to atmospheric gravity waves that is associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation and with the tropical and polar regions of the stratosphere. These details are important for a model to produce more accurate predictions of regional climate.
Vertical Exchange Induced by Mixed Layer Instabilities
Authors: Luo Yangcheng , Callies Jörn
Published: October 2023

Submesoscale turbulence in the upper ocean consists of fronts, filaments, and vortices that have horizontal scales on the order of 100 m to 10 km. High-resolution numerical simulations have suggested that submesoscale turbulence is associated with strong vertical motion that could substantially enhance the vertical exchange between the thermocline and mixed layer, which may have an impact on marine ecosystems and climate. Theoretical, numerical, and observational work indicates that submesoscale turbulence is energized primarily by baroclinic instability in the mixed layer, which is most vigorous in winter. This study demonstrates how such mixed layer baroclinic instabilities induce vertical exchange by drawing filaments of thermocline water into the mixed layer. A scaling law is proposed for the dependence of the exchange on environmental parameters. Linear stability analysis and nonlinear simulations indicate that the exchange, quantified by how much thermocline water is entrained into the mixed layer, is proportional to the mixed layer depth, is inversely proportional to the Richardson number of the thermocline, and increases with increasing Richardson number of the mixed layer. The results imply that the tracer exchange between the thermocline and mixed layer is more efficient when the mixed layer is thicker, when the mixed layer stratification is stronger, when the lateral buoyancy gradient is stronger, and when the thermocline stratification is weaker. The scaling suggests vigorous exchange between the permanent thermocline and deep mixed layers in winter, especially in mode water formation regions.

Significance Statement

This study examines how instabilities in the surface layer of the ocean bring interior water up from below. This interior–surface exchange can be important for dissolved gases such as carbon dioxide and oxygen as well as nutrients fueling biological growth in the surface ocean. A scaling law is proposed for the dependence of the exchange on environmental parameters. The results of this study imply that the exchange is particularly strong if the well-mixed surface layer is thick, lateral density gradients are strong (such as at fronts), and the stratification below the surface layer is weak. These theoretical findings can be implemented in boundary layer parameterization schemes in global ocean models and improve our understanding of the marine ecosystem and how the ocean mediates climate change.
Multi-omics analysis reveals the molecular basis of flavonoid accumulation in fructus of Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis)
Authors: Chen Jianrong , Tang Weizhuo , Li Chunyan , Kuang Ding , Xu Xiaojiang , Gong Yuan , Liu Fang , Gao Song
Published: October 2023

Background

The fruits of Gardenia are rich in flavonoids and geniposides, which have various pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome and metabolome of gardenia peel and kernel at different growth stages, revealed the regulatory network related to flavonoid synthesis, and identified the key regulatory genes.

Results

The results showed that in terms of flavonoid metabolic pathways, gardenia fruits mainly synthesized cinnamic acid through the phenylpropanoid pathway, and then synthesized flavonoids through the action of catalytic enzymes such as 4-coumaroyl-CoA ligase, chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase and flavanol synthase, respectively. In addition, we found that the metabolomics data showed a certain spatial and temporal pattern in the expression of genes related to the flavonoid metabolism pathway and the relative content of metabolites, which was related to the development and ripening process of the fruit.

Conclusions

In summary, this study successfully screened out the key genes related to the biosynthesis metabolism of flavonoids in gardenia through the joint analysis of transcriptome and metabolome. This is of certain significance to the in-depth study of the formation mechanism of gardenia efficacy components and the improvement of quality.
Hordeum vulgare differentiates its response to beneficial bacteria
Authors: Duan Yongming , Han Min , Grimm Maja , Schierstaedt Jasper , Imani Jafargholi , Cardinale Massimiliano , Le Jean Marie , Nesme Joseph , Sørensen Søren J. , Schikora Adam
Published: October 2023

Background

In nature, beneficial bacteria triggering induced systemic resistance (ISR) may protect plants from potential diseases, reducing yield losses caused by diverse pathogens. However, little is known about how the host plant initially responds to different beneficial bacteria. To reveal the impact of different bacteria on barley (Hordeum vulgare), bacterial colonization patterns, gene expression, and composition of seed endophytes were explored.

Results

This study used the soil-borne Ensifer meliloti, as well as Pantoea sp. and Pseudomonas sp. isolated from barley seeds, individually. The results demonstrated that those bacteria persisted in the rhizosphere but with different colonization patterns. Although root-leaf translocation was not observed, all three bacteria induced systemic resistance (ISR) against foliar fungal pathogens. Transcriptome analysis revealed that ion- and stress-related genes were regulated in plants that first encountered bacteria. Iron homeostasis and heat stress responses were involved in the response to E. meliloti and Pantoea sp., even if the iron content was not altered. Heat shock protein-encoding genes responded to inoculation with Pantoea sp. and Pseudomonas sp. Furthermore, bacterial inoculation affected the composition of seed endophytes. Investigation of the following generation indicated that the enhanced resistance was not heritable.

Conclusions

Here, using barley as a model, we highlighted different responses to three different beneficial bacteria as well as the influence of soil-borne Ensifer meliloti on the seed microbiome. In total, these results can help to understand the interaction between ISR-triggering bacteria and a crop plant, which is essential for the application of biological agents in sustainable agriculture.