bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Grazing-induced biodiversity loss impairs grassland ecosystem stability at multiple scales
Authors: Liang Maowei , Liang Cunzhu , Hautier Yann , Wilcox Kevin , Wang Shaopeng
Published: December 2020

Livestock grazing is a major driver shaping the functioning and
stability of grasslands. Although previous studies have documented the
effect of grazing on grassland stability, whether this effect is
scale-dependent remains unclear. Here, we conducted a sheep-grazing
experiment in a temperate grassland to test grazing effects on biomass
stability across scales and organizational levels. We found that an
increase of grazing intensity increased species stability, but it
substantially decreased local ecosystem stability due to reduced
asynchronous dynamics among species. Moreover, grazing reduced ecosystem
stability at larger spatial scales, but to a lesser extent. By
decreasing biodiversity within and across communities, grazing impairs
the insurance effects of biodiversity and hence the up-scaling of
stability from species to ecosystem and further to larger scales. Our
study provides the first evidence for the context-dependence of grazing
effects on grassland stability via shaping biodiversity and contributes
to bridging fine-scale experiments and broad-scale ecosystem management.
Is Epicardial Adipose Tissue Associated with Atrial Fibrillation after Cardiac Surgery? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Sha Rina , Han Wenqiang , Lin Mingjie , Zhong Jingquan
Published: December 2020

Background: Although epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has been proved be
associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) and post-ablation AF
recurrence, the relationship between EAT and AF after cardiac surgery
(AFACS) is not evident, yet. Objective: In the study, we aim to perform
a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the association between
EAT and AFACS and whether it is independent of the measurement methods.
Methods: Systematic reach was implemented until May, 30, 2020, which
“atrial fibrillation” and “epicardial adipose tissue” were as the
main items in electronic databases. Analysis was stratified by EAT
measurement methods into three pooled meta-analyses on 1) total EAT
volume, 2) left atrium (LA)-EAT volume and 3) EAT thickness between two
groups with and without AFACS, estimating standardized mean difference
(SMD) with a random effect model. Results: Eight articles with ten
studies (546 patients) were included. Accordingly, the results of
meta-analysis showed that EAT was higher in AFACS subjects, regardless
of the methods of EAT measurement.[ total EAT volume: SMD = 0.56 ml;
95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.56-1.10ml, I2 = 0.90, P=0.04; EAT
thickness: SMD = 0.85mm; 95% CI = 0.04-1.65mm, I2 = 0.90, P=0.04;
LA-EAT volume: SMD = 0.57ml, 95% CI = 0.23-0.92ml, I2 = 0.00,
P=0.001.] And there was no evidence of publication bias. Conclusion:
EAT may be a potential marker and therapeutic target for AFACS. However,
larger scale studies are still required, and evaluation is needed to for
further estimation.
On discontinuity at fixed point via power quasi contraction
Authors: Bisht Ravindra , Singh Narendra , Rakocevic Vladimir , Fisher Brian
Published: December 2020

We extend the scope of the study of fixed point theorems of power quasi
contractions from the class of continuous mappings to a wider class of
mappings which also include discontinuous mappings. As a by-product, we
provide a new answer to an open problem posed by Rhoades.
Ablation of AMPK-related kinase MPK38/MELK leads to male-specific obesity in aged mature adult mice
Authors: Admin Ada , Seong Hyun-A , Ha Hyunjung
Published: December 2020

Murine protein serine-threonine kinase 38
(MPK38)/maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) is implicated in diverse biological processes, including the cell cycle,
apoptosis,
and tumorigenesis; however, its physiological role is unknown.
Using mice
lacking MPK38 (MPK38−/−), we found that MPK38−/− male, but
not female, mice (7 months of age) became obese while consuming a standard
diet, displayed impairments in metabolism and inflammation, became obese than
wild-type mice while consuming a high-fat diet (HFD), and exhibited no castration/testosterone (T) replacement-induced metabolic changes. The adenoviral restoration of MPK38
ameliorated the obesity-induced adverse metabolic profile of the obese male,
but not female, mice. Seven-month-old MPK38−/− males displayed typical
post-castration concentrations of serum testosterone with an accompanying
decrease in serum luteinizing
hormone (LH) levels, suggesting a role for MPK38 in the
age-related changes in serum testosterone in aged mature adult male mice. The stability and
activity of MPK38 were increased by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) but reduced by estradiol (E2). These findings suggest MPK38 as
a therapeutic target for obesity-related metabolic disorders in males.
Desain Prototipe Motor Induksi 3 Fasa
Authors: Jumanto J , Asy'ari Hasyim , Supardi Agus
Published: December 2020

Hampir di setiap rumah tangga dan industri menggunakan mesin listrik untuk mempermudah pekerjaan. Jenis mesin listrik yang umum digunakan adalah motor induksi. Hal ini disebabkan karena jenis motor induksi mempunyai kelebihan-kelebihan dibandingkan dengan jenis motor lainnya, antara lain karena konstruksinya sederhana dan harganya yang relative murah serta lebih ringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuat prototipe motor induksi 3 fasa dan mengetahui karakteristik hasil output RPM dari motor induksi tersebut. Desain prototipe motor induksi 3 fasa pada bagian statornya memanfaatkan bahan-bahan seperti koker sebanyak 6 buah dengan ukuran 6 cm x 4,2 cm, inti besi atau current berbentuk E sebanyak 168 buah dengan ukuran 6,6 cm x 4,4 cm dan current berbentuk I sebanyak 174 buah dengan ukuran 6,6 cm, untuk kumparannya menggunakan kawat email berdiameter 0,3 mm dengan jumlah 2200 lilitan. Pada bagian rotornya memanfaatkan kaleng bekas diberi belitan mengelilingi sisi-sisi kaleng. Pengujian motor induksi 3 fasa pada saat kaleng diberi belitan dan kaleng tanpa belitan. Pengamatan yang dilakukan adalah pengambilan data terkait tegangan input, arus dan RPM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada saat tegangan input 50 volt rotor belum dapat berputar. Namun pada saat tegangan input 75 volt sampai 200 volt rotor dapat berputar secara perlahan sesuai tegangan yang dimasukkan, kecepatan putar rotor tersebut mencapai 290,3 RPM. Sedangkan pada saat rotor tanpa diberi belitan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada saat tegangan input 50 volt sampai 125 volt rotor belum dapat berputar, kemudian pada saat tegangan input 150 volt sampai 200 volt rotor dapat berputar namun sangat pelan hanya mencapai kecepatan putar maksimal 64,4 RPM. Hal ini disebabkan pada saat rotor tanpa diberi belitan, karena rotor tidak dapat menangkap medan magnet yang dikeluarkan oleh stator sehingga kumparan rotor tidak dapat mengalami gaya Lorentz yang menimbulkan torsi yang cenderung menggerakkan rotor sesuai arah pergerakan medan induksi stator.
LIGHT IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF MODERN THEATER BUILDINGS
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Department of Architectural Environment Design, M. Yatsiv
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the role and functions of light in the space of modern theater buildings outside the auditorium and stage space. The architectural and structural factors of the formation of the lighting environment in modern theater buildings are determined; trends and features of the functioning of light in the space of modern theaters are revealed. The influence of the architectonics of buildings on the nature of the illumination of theatrical spaces is established. The experience of the formation of the lighting environment of theater buildings on the example of modern domestic and foreign theaters is analyzed.
TWO APPROACHES TO RESTORING HISTORICAL BUILDINGS AND ENVIRONMENTS FOR THE THEATRE FUNCTION
Authors: S. Dolgoy , P. Bosyy ,   Ryerson University, School of Performance
Published: December 2020

The architectural reconstruction and technical refurbishing of the new facility of the School of Performance were concerned with accommodating the needs of teaching, production, and performance in a found space, the basement of Ryerson University’s Student Learning Centre with utilizing of the state-of-the-art technologies. Kyiv Academician Theatre of the Podil, one of the leading drama theatre companies in Ukraine, has finally got the permanent home with the state-of-the-art performing facility. However, the fact that construction of the building was sponsored by the Roshen Company owned by Petro Poroshenko, former President of Ukraine, as well as the appearance of the theatre’s exterior caused a lot of public controversies. The experience of these reconstructions was reflected in two documentary films presented at the Our Theatre of the World section of Prague Quadrennial in 2019.
BUILDINGS ON LEVYTSKY STREET DESIGNED BY ARCHITECTOR IVAN LEVYNSKYI
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, T. Klymeniuk , Yu. Petrovska ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, the Department of Design and Fundamentals of Architecture
Published: December 2020

The main object of the study is residential buildings of Lviv, built by the factory of Ivan Levinsky in the early twentieth century. The analysis was preceded by the archival search and full-scale house measurement surveys. The article gives historical and architectural characteristic for Lviv secession (modern) style in the late XIX – early XX centuries. The research reveals the originality of this phenomenon, its volume and spatial solutions, explores expressive means of the image-plastic system of secession.
Effects of Economic Growth on the Environment in the Congo: The Case of Air Pollution.
Authors: Ngouembe Lauric , ABVOU NDOMBI Eulalie Rose , Mampassi Jean Anaclet , Lossayi Julien Bokilo
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of economic growth on the environment in the Republic of Congo. The analysis was based on the validity of the Kuznets environmental curve. For this purpose, the Johansen co-integration test (1988) and the VECM model were used over the period 1971-2014. The results of the study show that there is a long-term relationship between CO2 emissions and GDP. This last relationship suggests that in the long run, there is a Kuznets environmental curve in the Republic of Congo.
The Basics of Russian Parliamentary Ethics
Authors: Kholmogorov Yegor S.
Published: December 2020

In the article the author reveals the principles of the parliamentary ethics on the basis of the historic material, especially related to the work of State Duma of the Russian Empire (1906-1917). The author proposes to describe them using the “ethic square” that determines the moral and behavioural coordinates of the parliamentarian’s actions. The sides of this square represent the mission of the parliamentarian as people’s representative, as legislator, as exponent of the political program and as responsible statesman. Each aspect of this mission implies specific ethic demands and restrictions for the parliamentarian. Of course some aspects of the parliamentarian’s mission may come into conflict sometimes, and harmonization of such conflicts is one of the main tasks of parliamentary ethics as theoretical discipline and constitutes an important part of the practical work of legislative assemblies.
Conservatives and the Parliament: State Duma Reform Projects of 1907–1917
Authors: Gayda Fyodor A.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to conservative projects of reforming the State Duma, which was established in Russia in 1906. Those projects can be divided into two groups. Some projects were proposed by Russian nationalists (M.O. Menshikov, I.P. Balashov), who supported Stolypin and claimed to be one of the two main forces of the parliamentary majority. Nationalists sought to preserve the legislative powers of the Duma and stressed that the reform was supposed to strengthen parliamentarism. The projects of the nationalists proposed only partial adjustments to the parliamentary system, but still changing the Basic State Laws (in other words the coup d’état). The government did not support this path. The other projects were initiated by right-wing conservatives (L.A. Tikhomirov, K.N. Paskhalov, prince V.P. Meshchersky). Right-wing conservatives proposed turning the Duma into a legislative institution. This completely changed the political configuration and eliminated the “The Third of June” system. Both nationalist and right-wing projects were rejected by the government, albeit for different reasons: either due to their indeterminate character (nationalist projects) or due to their radicalism (right-wing projects). The ministers invariably considered the reorganization of the Duma more difficult than finding ways to cooperate with it.
A.I. Solzhenitsyn's Publicism of 1960–1970-ies in the Context of the Debates on the Nation and Ethnic Issues
Authors: Panchenko Alexey B.
Published: December 2020

Article is devoted to the analysis of A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s views on the phenomenon of nation and ethnic issue, which were reflected in his publications in 1960–1970-ies. At that time Soviet theories of nation and ethnos were taking shape and on their basis the national policy of creating of the new historical community – the Soviet people, – was pursued. Those questions were actively discussed by dissidents and emigrants. That’s why Solzhenitsyn's publications are considered in this article in the context of those discussions and on the basis of the performed analysis the following points can be singled out. Solzhenitsyn linked the existence of nation with the development of the living literary language, but language was not one of the markers of nation. Each nation is the personality of high level, which is manifested in individuals, each of whom embodies the whole nation. And preservation of national variety is the condition of further mankind development. It follows that the task of preserving the Russian nation against its transformation into the Soviet people is very important. Therefore differentiation of «Russian» and «Soviet» becomes one of the key points in Solzhenitsyn's publicism. The common issue in Solzhenitsyn's works and the concurrently held debates was their failure to see the nation as political community of citizens. In general Solzhenitsyn's views can be described as consistent Russian nationalistic while he recognized the right of all nations on self-determination.
Legitimate Differences: The Need to Rethink How We Think about U.S. – Russia Relations
Authors: Grenier Paul
Published: December 2020

On the basis of certain prophetic texts and speeches of A. I Solzhenitsyn, whose work in general is very often termed «prophetic», the author analyzes contemporary Russian-American relations with the aim of finding essentials principles and fundamentals for their normalization. He analyzes possible approaches to such normalization both within the framework of the concept of the international relations realistic school and axiological approach. The author also tries to destroy the modern American establishment stereotypes regarding Russian mentality drawing on the Russian classic literature.
Solzhenitsyn and China. Hints from the «Letter to the Soviet Leaders
Authors: Cooper Matthew F.n
Published: December 2020

In the article the author draws attention to the fallacious understanding of A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s heritage in the West out of the religious context of the writer and his spiritual and intellectual basis that has its deep root in the Orthodox tradition. According to the author many of the thinker’s works can be interpreted differently if view from the aforementioned positions. In particular the author mentions the apocalyptic prophecies of A.I. Solzhenitsyn based on the works of Russian philosopher V. Soloviev. The author offers his own interpretation of A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s thought regarding the so-called «Chinese threat» and the spiritual potential of Chinese culture.
Solzhenitsyn as the Yurodivy of Russia
Authors: Dvernitsky Boris G.
Published: December 2020

The dominant idea that permeated Solzhenitsyn’s life, destiny and creative work was the idea of adherence to the truth and aiming to find the truth. In this regard the writer succeeded in the ancient Orthodox tradition of Russian holy men, but during the Godless Soviet epoch, and according to the writer due to this feature Russia and Russian people managed to survive in the most terrible period of their history – the 20th century. And as the obedience of A.I. Solzhenitsyn as the righteous man was «to tell the truth, truth about everything», the author of this article compares him to «yurodivy» (fool in Christ), as behaving like a jurodivy is a specific from of prophetic ministration paired with extreme askesis.
Police Department and Slavophil Political Discourse
Authors: Ulyanova Lyubov V.
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the political discourse of the officials of the main political surveillance structure, – the Police Department, – in the period of 1880s (organization of the Department) and until October, 1905, when the Western-type Constitution project finally prevailed. The comparative analysis of the conceptual instruments (“Constitutionalists”, “Oppositionists”, “Radicals”, “Liberals”) typically used in the Police Department allows one to come o the conclusion that the leaders of the Russian empire political police did not follow the “reactionary and protective” discourse, did not share its postulates, but preferred the moderate-liberal-conservative path of political development. Along with that, the Police Department also demonstrated loyal attitude to zemsky administration and zemsky figures, covert criticism of “bureaucratic mediastinum”, the tendency to come to an agreement with public figures through personal negotiations, intentional omittance of reactionary and protective repressive measures in preserving autocracy. All this allows to come to the conclusion that the officials of the Police Department shares Slavophil public and political doctrine.
Yu.F. Samarin’s Model of the National State: Between Archaic and Modern
Authors: Panchenko Alexey B.
Published: December 2020

Yu. F. Samarin’s works are traditionally viewed through the prism of his affiliation with Slavophilism. His view of the state is opposed to the idea of the complex empire based on unequal interaction of the central power with the elite of national districts. At the same time it was important for Samarin to see the nation not as an ethnocultural community, but as classless community of equal citizens, who were in identical position in the face of the emperor. Samarin’s attitude to religion and nationality had pragmatic character and were understood as means for the creation of the uniform communicative space inside the state. This position for the most part conformed with the framework of the national state basic model, however there still existed one fundamental difference. Samarin considered not an individual, but the rural community that owned the land, to be the basic unit of the national state. As the result the model of national state was viewed as the synthesis of modernistic (classlessness, pragmatism, equality) and archaic (communality) features.
The Samarin Family and the Parish Question in the Russian Empire. 1860s–1910s
Authors: Beglov Alexey L.
Published: December 2020

The article examines the contribution of the representatives of the Samarin family to the development of the Parish issue in the Russian Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The issue of expanding the rights of the laity in the sphere of parish self-government was one of the most debated problems of Church life in that period. The public discussion was initiated by D.F. Samarin (1827-1901). He formulated the “social concept” of the parish and parish reform, based on Slavophile views on society and the Church. In the beginning of the twentieth century his eldest son F.D. Samarin who was a member of the Special Council on the development the Orthodox parish project in 1907, and as such developed the Slavophile concept of the parish. In 1915, A.D. Samarin, who took up the position of the Chief Procurator of the Most Holy Synod, tried to make his contribution to the cause of the parish reforms, but he failed to do so due to his resignation.
Historiosophic Constructions of Yu.F. Samarin: Literary Myth of Rostov Bishop Feodor
Authors: Utkin Abbot Vitaly
Published: December 2020

The author of the article undertakes reconstructing the origin of the literary myth of Feodor, the Bishop of Rostov, that symbolized the first attempt in the 12th century to establish in North-Eastern Russia (“Rus’”) the archdiocese that was independent of Kiev in the context of Yu.F. Samarin’s historiosophic views. The author believes that this literary myth was created by the Bishop of Suzdal Dionysius. It was entered into the Laurentian Codex as part of the struggle against Archimandrite Mikhail (“Mitaya”) who was one of the candidates to become Moscow Metropolite after the death of Saint Alexius and was supported by Dmitry Donskoy. In connection with the story of Bishop Feodor the author also analyzes ancient Russian disputes on fasting that is viewed by the prevailing historiographic paradigm as important marker of dual faith that allegedly existed in Russia. The author proves the Orthodox character of the views of the Prince Andrey Bogolyubsky. According to the author Samarin’s statements on the absence in ancient Russia of heathenry serious resistance against Christianity are still relevant.
Professional Development for Online Teaching: A Literature Review
Authors: Leary Heather , Dopp Cade , Turley Chad , Cheney Matthew , Simmons Zach , Graham Charles R. , Hatch Riley
Published: December 2020

The growth of online learning has created a need for instructors who can competently teach online. This literature review explores the research questions, program recommendations, and future research suggestions related to professional development for online instructors. Articles were selected and coded based on date of publication and the context of the professional development. Results indicate that most research questions focused on (a) professional development programs, (b) instructors, and (c) instructors’ online courses. Most program recommendations focused on (a) professional development programs, (b) context of professional development, and (c) instructors’ activity during professional development. Future recommendations for research topics focused on professional development programs and instructors, while future recommendations for research methods focused on research design and institutional settings. The findings suggest that while professional development for online instructors is important, consistency in both design and delivery is lacking. Future research is needed to provide guidance to programs, instructors, and institutions leading to satisfaction and success for more online students.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Highlighting AERA’s Online Teaching and Learning SIG 2020
Authors: Meech Sally , Richardson Jennifer C. , Swan Karen
Published: December 2020

Introduction to the Special Issue: Highlighting AERA’s Online Teaching and Learning SIG 2020
Immaterial Cost and Production: Maximum Production Cost Level Through Marginal Approach
Authors: Wafia Nur Umaima , Furwanti Reni , Lestari Dini Maulana
Published: December 2020

This paper will discuss about the immaterial costs and production yields at one of the refined sugar factory companies in Makassar, South Sulawesi. The theory is based on the fact that Immaterial is a cost that is almsgiving, meaning costs that are outside of the basic costs of the company in producing production, so this research aims to find out: (1) what is the production cost needed to produce this production, (2) the maximum level of production at company from 2013 to 2017.
This type of research is a quantitative study because it uses a questionnaire in the form of values â€‹â€‹that are processed using the marginal cost approach formula. The results of the analysis show that (1) the maximum level of production costs occurred in 2016 amounting to 6,912 with an Immaterial cost of Rp. 2,481,796,800 and the total production produced is 359,077.3 tons (2) The required workforce with the total production produced is 359,077.3 tones of 180 people including the maximum production point which means that the lowest value is achieved (optimal).
Diálogos da lava-jato: jornalismo e direito à informação à luz do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro
Authors: Christofoletti Danilo Fontanetti , Zanotti Carlos Alberto
Published: December 2020

Neste estudo de caso, analisa-se a conduta ética e a responsabilidade jurídica de empresas jornalísticas na divulgação de conversas privadas entre os membros da chamada Operação Lava-Jato. A análise é feita à luz de fundamentos do jornalismo e do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro face ao direito à informação, consagrado na Constituição de 1988. Para tanto, recorre-se à pesquisa bibliográfica e documental junto a obras, a doutrinas e a jurisprudências, bem como a manuais de conduta que regulamentam as áreas do jornalismo e do direito constitucional. O objeto em análise é o conjunto de sete reportagens publicadas pelo portal The Intercept Brasil durante o mês de junho de 2019, definido em função de ser o período no qual a polêmica se estabeleceu. O resultado do estudo aponta para a legitimidade da divulgação pública das conversas privadas, mesmo tendo sido ilegalmente obtidas por hackers que acessaram contas particulares no aplicativo Telegram. Além de sustentar o direito à publicização dos diálogos entre juiz e investigadores, a legislação brasileira ainda assegura o sigilo à identidade da fonte, um dos principais pilares do jornalismo investigativo nos regimes democráticos.
CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF CONFLICTS IN MODERN ARMENIAN FAMILY
Authors: JIJYAN ANAHIT
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes some basic causes of conflicts in modern Armenian family connected with the general decline of economic and moral situation in post-soviet Armenia. Statistical data, results of some sociological investigations, and also the results of observations in the process of social work with risk group families provided the author a possibility to present some destructive results of family conflicts for children, mothers and elders. In the result of the conducted investigation a question is raised to create a multi-functional centre for supporting families and resolving family conflicts taking into account national and cultural specificities of our people.
“ARMENIA, MY LOVE” AS A CONFESSION AND LESSON
Authors: DOLUKHANYAN AELITA
Published: December 2020

We are especially interested in the miscellany “Armenia, my Love” the meaning of which is topical, well thought, instructive, moving and contagious. It would be most desirable if the students of different faculties of the mother Pedagogical University should get a lesson of patriotism from this book. That would be a true and significant lesson aimed to preserve Armenian people and reinforce their national spirit.The author of the miscellany “Armenia, my Love” is a man devoted to his homeland, a chronicler well aware of our national fate. This book explains very clearly how important is family education. From the cradle and with his mother’s milk a child should suck the love of his homeland.The work “Armenia, my Love” and the miscellany of the same title are full of profound optimism toward the future of our homeland.The book is an accurate and useful lesson of patriotism, especially for the forthcoming generation.
ISSUE OF ARMENIAN TERRITORIES OF 1918-1920
Authors: Torosyan J.
Published: December 2020

Of the important issues of the first Republic of Armenia of 1918-1920-ies are the follows: 1. establishment oftheir national, territorial borders, 2. International recognition of these borders as by their immediate neighbors as well by other countries, 3. Preservation ofthe territorial integrity of their state both by force of arms and through diplomacy. The history of the first Republic of Armenia is, first of all, the history of the military and diplomatic struggle for international recognition of the territories included in its borders, where its negative influence had both Armenia’s immediate neighbors ? Georgia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, and the major European states and Soviet Russia. It should be noted that the representatives ofthe authorities ofthe first Republic of Armenia of 1918-1920-ies and different directions of socio-political ideas sometimes did not show proper consistency and the necessary diplomatic skills in finding a just solution in matters relating to the borders of Armenia. True, the era was complicated and contradictory, but in our deep conviction, in the event of standing above narrow party and ideological interests, a correct assessment of the current situation, manifestation of a strong unity and guidance exclusively by national interventions, it would nevertheless be possible to find good solutions, or, in the worst case, get out of a difficult situation with at least smaller territorial losses.
ASIMMETRY AND SIMMETRY OF TIME AND THEIR VALUE IN PSYCHOTERAPHY
Authors: Dorfman L.
Published: December 2020

Asymmetry and symmetry of time are examined as related to three issues. First is the flow of time. Second is its reversibility and third- the temporal distance between the present and the past, the present and the future. The theory of presentism which rejects the flow of time in past and future is questioned. Of particular importance in respect to the asymmetry and symmetry of time is the notion of reversibility. Very likely, one should think a relative time can be reversed and possess a temporal symmetry. Psychotherapeutic case shows that different types ofviolations ofreversibility ofpsychological time are the cause of different types of psychological disorders.
PECULIARITIES AND EVALUATION OF THE ARMENIAN NATIONAL WRESTLING CONTEST ACTIVITY “KOKH” (On the Example of Javakhk Region)
Authors: Yuzbashyan K.
Published: December 2020

There is a problem of adaptation process formation in the organism of all age dancerwrestlers to the contest loads in the system of long term trainings for «Koch» Armenian national wrestling. Some aspects of this problem are reflected in the article. In this regard, an analysis of «Koch» Armenian national wrestling contest activity was carried out. It was considered the distinctive characteristics, qualitative peculiarities of contest process in «Koch» Armenian national wrestling. The requirements of contest rules, relating to the order of the competition of Western Armenian and Eastern Armenian types of “Kokh” Armenian national wrestling were revealed. The quantitative value time parameter of energy expenditure and rest on different classes of weight competitions were received. The body functional system status in different period of contest activity and measurement time interval of those statuses were identified in dancer-wrestlers. The objects oftraining process for adaptation formation of dancer-wrestlers organism to the conditions ofthe contest activity were determined.
INTERACTION OF MIGRANT STUDENTS IN THE MULTICULTURAL EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: MASLOVA TATYANA
Published: December 2020

A migrant student is a person who commits a territorial movement between settlements of one or more administrative-territorial units in order to obtain professional education. The article investigates the problems of interaction of migrant students in the new multicultural educational environment and draws some conclusions about preventing and overcoming cultural shock.
VIOLATIONS OF GRAMMATICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL NORMS IN THE INTERNET ARMENIAN
Authors: VARDANYAN NARINE
Published: December 2020

Speakers not always maintain all grammatical norms in oral speech. However, before the Internet came into being the written public speech was predominantly based on preservation of Armenian language norms, which was largely a subject to censorship and editing. Today the situation has dramatically changed. Alongside with numerous mistakes (spelling, punctuation, lexical), a great variety of cases regarding the violation of grammatical norms are evident. The given article is dedicated to the study of these cases. Particularly, the mistakes concerning the plural, the incorrect usage of dates, pronouns and link words, cases of violation of verbal norms, as well as penetration of some common expressions of everyday language into written speech have been considered.
IDEA OF THE AMERICAN DREAM IN F. SCOTT FITZGERALD’S NOVEL “TENDER IS THE NIGHT”
Authors: SHAHMURADYAN ANAHIT , HARUTYUNYAN ANNA
Published: December 2020

The novel “Tender Is the Night” is one of the most prominent works of F. Scott Fitzgerald. He described his hero Dick as a smart, talented and a person full of spiritual richness, but who was unable to prevent himself from moral degradation. Doctor’s tragedy is not only personal, but also social. The American son of a clergyman who is on the way to becoming a renowned psychologist when he falls in love with Nicole and marries her. Dick is extraordinarily charismatic and graceful at the start of the novel, but eventually falls to his ruin.
THE ROLE OF PROVERBS AND SAYINGS IN TEACHING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors: ABRAHAMYAN HASMIK
Published: December 2020

The article deals with English proverbs and sayings in teaching English as a foreign language. Their application not only enriches our speech, but also helps to strengthen the application of English verb tenses and grammatical constructions, contributing to the enlargement of the English vocabulary and world outlook.
THE ISSUE OF CORRELATION OF SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR AND PSYCHOMOTOR AGITATION
Authors: YEREMYAN ZARUHI
Published: December 2020

The current article analyses the issue of correlation of suicidal behavior and psychomotor agitation and reveals a moderately positive relationship between the two categories. The results of this article may help to improve the detection and prevention of suicide attempts.
A Perspective View of Creating a School of Thought for Transcendental Psychology in Armenia
Authors: NAGHDYAN Ruben
Published: December 2020

The article shows a difference between the transcendental approach to the study of psychic phenomena from the methodologies dominating contemporary psychology. A possibility is shown in this context of establishing an indigenous school of transcendental psychology in Armenia.
Problems of Modernization of Professional Preparation of the Students of Pedagogical Higher Education Institutions
Authors: ASATRYAN Zaruhi , ASATRYAN Margarit
Published: December 2020

The article touches upon the problems of modernizing the professional preparation of the students of pedagogical Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). It proves that the deepening of market relations and the contemporary level of the development of public life put great demands on the HEIs in terms of preparing highly qualified specialists. Due to the socio-economic transformations,  it is required that the entire education system of pedagogical HEIs should be reformed and a new graduate model should be elaborated. Among the significant problems, the authors single out the modernization of the system of the specialist preparation, the elaboration of new integrated educational strategies, models and technologies for the development of higher education systems, mutual understanding and collaboration among various education systems. Therefore the issues of the future specialists’ professional competency, reflective teaching/learning, the development of meta-competences, competitiveness and media literacy come to the fore. The solution to these problems implies a change in the requirements of the HEI graduate model, approaches and expected outcomes. The problem of developing a new methodology for the preparation of specialists in pedagogy at HEIs and improving the quality of the professional preparation should be considered in terms of functional, systematic, cultural, competence and anthropological approaches. The article provides justification for the claim that the process of the future pedagogues’ professional preparation should be regarded as the integrity of interrelated structural components, including the aim, content, management, operation, outcome. The effectiveness of the professional preparation at contemporary pedagogical HEIs is conditioned by certain managerial functions, principles, methods, implementation of innovations into the management of the higher education policy and the modernization of the content of the graduate model. The article presents social pedagogical conditions for the effective preparation of the HEI students and highlights a number of factors that contribute to the effectiveness of this process.
LEADERSHIP VERSUS MANAGMENT: A KEY DISTINCTION—At LEAST IN THEORY
Authors: LUNENBURG FRED
Published: December 2020

Organizations provide its managers with legitimate authority to lead, but there is no assurance that they will be able to lead effectively. Organizations need strong leadership and strong management for optimal effectiveness. In today’s dynamic workplace, we need leaders to challenge the status quo and to inspire and persuade organization members. We also need managers to assist in developing and maintaining a smoothly functioning workplace.
Permainan Tradisional Pukang dari Provinsi Lampung dan Pembentukan Karakter Bersahabat pada Peserta Didik MI/SD di Indonesia.
Authors: Aulia Nur Auliya Zahra , Fuadah Z. Anis
Published: December 2020

Periode emas pada masa anak-anak diawali ketika anak memasuki usia 0-5 tahun. Pada masa ini kemampuan anak berkembang dengan pesat. sebagai dasar perkembangan tahap berikutnya. Dunia bermain adalah dunia anak. Bermain sebagai media stimulasi bagi aspek perkembangan fisik, emosi, sosial, bahasa dan budaya. Permainan tradisional menyediakan kesempatan bagi anak untuk memunculkan potensi dan menstimulasi berkembangnya kemampuan anak. Permainan tradisional memiliki karakteristik menggunakan fasilitas dilingkungan tanpa harus membeli, melibatkan banyak anak, dan permainan nya memiliki aturan dengan karakter permainan tradisional bisa dijadikan media pengembangkan kemampuan sosial anak. Dalam permainan tradisional anak akan mengembangkan kemampuan dalam kerja sama, mampu menyesuaikan diri, saling berinteraksi secara positif, mampu mengontrol diri, mampu mengembangkan sikap empati pada teman, memiliki kemampuan dalam menaati peraturan, serta mampu menghargai orang lain. Dengan banyak terlibat dalam permainan tradisional akan mengembangkan kemampuan anak dalam bersosialisasi. Seiring dengan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak, karakter bersahabat akan terbentuk.
Derivation of general Doppler effect equations
Authors: Čojanović Miloš
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we will derive the general equations for Doppler effect. It will be proved that regardless of the nature of the emitted waves and the medium through which the waves propagate the formula always has the same form and is identical to the general Doppler effect formula for sound. We will also show that Doppler effect can be used to establish a relationship between the local time of the source and the local time of the receiver. In addition, some new characteristics of the Doppler effect have been presented that have not been discussed in the literature so far.
Perfil do consumo de medicamentos por graduandos em uma universidade do Planalto Norte Catarinense
Authors: Valério Míriam Cristina José , Morretes Mayara
Published: December 2020

Introdução: Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde, 2002, a morbidade e a mortalidade causadas por produtos farmacêuticos são problemas de saúde. Objetivo: Este trabalho identificou o hábito da utilização de medicamentos entre estudantes de uma Universidade do Planalto Norte Catarinense, delineando o consumo e seus motivos, para obter subsídios na elaboração da promoção do uso racional de medicamentos. Metodologia: O estudo buscou caracterizar de forma quantitativa os estudantes, foi uma pesquisa descritiva, enfatizando a descrição do consumo de medicamentos, segundo a perspectiva dessa prática enquanto um problema de saúde pública, visando caracterizar o perfil dos medicamentos consumidos e o perfil dos fatores associados. Resultados e discussões: Foram aplicados 234 questionários, sendo 61% do sexo feminino. A média de idade foi de 17-32 anos. Dos entrevistados, grande parte afirma que não possui nenhum problema de saúde atualmente. Porém, os dados revelam que 57,26% faz uso de algum medicamento, e que 36,32% o faz diariamente, sendo a classe de analgésicos é a mais consumida. 14,10% dos entrevistados sentem-se desanimados antes de consumir o medicamento. Conclusão: o perfil do consumo de medicamentos alerta para a prática da automedicação, desencadeando a necessidade de se realizar estratégias na promoção do uso racional de medicamentos.
Palavras-Chave: Uso de medicamentos. Universitários. Automedicação. Emoções.
Lenguajes de programación y desarrollo de competencias clave. Revisión sistemática
Authors: Tejera-Martínez Francisca , Aguilera David , Vílchez-González José Miguel
Published: December 2020

El presente estudio trata de dar respuesta a una serie de interrogantes relacionados con los lenguajes de programación en el marco de la educación formal; en particular, en qué etapas educativas se usan los lenguajes de programación y cuáles son los más utilizados. A su vez, se pretende conocer la repercusión de estos lenguajes en el aprendizaje del alumnado, para lo cual se ha estudiado su influencia en el desarrollo de las competencias clave. Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática, según los fundamentos de la declaración PRISMA, de los trabajos indexados en las bases de datos Web of Science y Scopus entre 2007 y 2018. Los resultados muestran un incipiente interés de la comunidad científica por los lenguajes de programación en entornos educativos formales. Asimismo, se ha constatado la eficacia del uso de los lenguajes de programación en el desarrollo competencial del alumnado.
Opioide – Gefahren einer eindimensionalen Schmerztherapie
Authors: Heck Antje , Alon Eli , Schwegler Kyrill , Gantenbein Andreas R.
Published: December 2020

Die erfolgreiche Therapie von Schmerzpatienten stellt hohe Anforderungen an die Behandelnden. Immer komplexere Krankheitsbilder, therapeutischen Optionen und Angebote verleiten zu Simplizismen: der unkritischen gleichförmigen Antwort, nämlich der Gabe hochdosierter, kurzfristig wirksamer Opioide, auf komplexe schmerztherapeutische Fragestellungen. In den USA führte die übermässige Verschreibung dieser Medikamente, Hand in Hand mit wirtschaftlichen und strukturellen Gegebenheiten, zu einer Flut an Opioid-Abhängigen und gipfelte 2015 in der Opioid-Krise mit zahlreichen Todesfällen, so dass der nationale medizinische Notstand ausgerufen wurde. Auch in der Schweiz nehmen Opioid-Verschreibung und -Konsum signifikant zu. Droht uns hier ein ähnliches Szenario wie in den USA? Und welche Massnahmen können getroffen werden, dies zu verhindern? Die Antwort liegt in einer interdisziplinären, rationalen, multimodalen und indikationsgerechten Therapie, welche einem informierten und aktiven Patienten eine zufriedenstellende Lebensqualität ermöglicht.
The Role of Creative Social Energy in Strengthening Ecological Adaptation Capacity Through Community Empowerment
Authors: Sumardjo Sumardjo , Firmansyah Adi , Dharmawan Leonard
Published: December 2020

Investments in large companies engaged in natural resource management have the potential to cause conflict, which requires an alternative model of conflict potential management. This study aims to analyze the development of creative social energy as an alternative to managing potential conflicts through empowering community food security. This study uses a participatory action study method for community empowerment and cybernetic triangulation methods in extracting data. Communities in the company's operational Ring1 area carried out community empowerment efforts by placing extension workers as community assistants. The results of the study show that community empowerment through a participatory extension approach is effective in supporting the realization of community welfare through increased income. Participatory community empowerment is effective in developing creative social energy. There is a close relationship between community empowerment and strengthening creative social energy and increasing the ecological adaptation capacity of society to the dynamics of environmental change. The ecological adaptation capacity of the community develops in line with the level of community empowerment. Community empowerment through effective participatory counseling is a model for managing potential conflicts in CSR programs. Extension workers with participatory community empowerment competencies are a key factor in the success of community empowerment.
Adoption of Fisheries Diversification Innovation in Poklahsar in Cigasong Sub-District, Majalengka District
Authors: Yuniarti Tatty , Adinda Putri Jasmine , Junita Puspa Dewi Ita , Leilani Ani
Published: December 2020

Cigasong District has fisheries potential like poklahsars. Poklahsar produces rebon shrimp brittle and carp. The development of fisheries potential can be done by diversifying processed fish. The research aims to study (1)changes in knowledge, attitudes, and skills of poklahsar after counseling on diversification of processed fisheries; (2) the process of adopting innovations; (3) the group that adopts the best innovation. Counseling was carried out using a demonstration method of diversification of processed fish. Respondents are members of poklahsar Sehati, Mitra Harapan and Pandawa Opat. Responses were observed using questionnaires, interviews, and observations; the data is displayed descriptively and simple tabulations are diagrams. The results showed; (1) an increase in knowledge, attitudes and skills in the whole poklahsar; (2) the process of adopting innovations in each group is different; (3) the results of the evaluation of the adoption of krispi eel innovation in poklahsar Sehati have the highest value of attitude change that is 10 and the value of knowledge 4, faster to implement than other poklahsar that is on the 5th week by two respondents from seven respondents, the 6th week the number of adopters increased into seven people and included in the early adopter category.
The effect of social deprivation and gender on self-efficacy beliefs about the postsecondary transition
Authors: Douglas Walter , Topping Keith James
Published: December 2020

Introduction.  High school students’ self-efficacy beliefs about their ability to successully obtain a first postsecondary destination in employment, education or training, and the learning sources of these beliefs were examined.Method.  Factor analysis of an inventory administered to 1044 high school students (573 males and 471 females) who attended six urban schools identified five factors.Results.  ANOVA indicated that students living in areas of higher deprivation reported significantly lower levels of positive postsecondary destination self-efficacy belief, and less experience of vicarious career success. Males reported less personal experience of career success than females but higher levels of positive postsecondary destination self-efficacy belief (particularly at higher levels of deprivation). Males reported greater experience of positive career-related emotional arousal.Discussion and Conclusion. These results may contribute to an explanation of why failure to obtain a positive postsecondary destination is more prevalent in young people living in areas of greater social deprivation, and in males rather than females.  The implications for practice, policy and future research are discussed.