bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penyelesaian konflik adat kawin sasuku
Authors: Marlina Marlina , S Nurman , Putra Ideal , Bakhtiar Yusnanik
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penyelesaian konflik adat kawin sasuku dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penyelesaian konflik adat kawin sasuku di Nagari Bisati Sungai Sariak, Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Kualitatif dengan Metode Deskriptif. Untuk mendapatkan data, peneliti menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Adapun teknik analisis data mulai dari pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan terakhir penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa proses penyelesaian dalam hukum adat pada kasus perkawinan sasuku terdapat beberapa proses penyelesaian yaitu duduak di rumah gadang dan menghukum anak kemenakan yang melanggar hukum adat atau mencari keputusan adat, dalam hal ini berupa sanksi adat dan hukum buang/sanksi sosial. Dalam penyelesaian konflik adat didalam masyarakat Minangkabau yaitu melalui Kerapatan Adat Nagari sesuai dengan Pasal 15 Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Sumatera Barat Nomor 7 Tahun 2018 tentang Nagari, pada tiap nagari, Kerapatan Adat Nagari membentuk Peradilan Adat Nagari sebagai lembaga penyelesaian sengketa/konflik dalam masyarakat nagari sesuai Adat Salingka Nagari yang bersifat mediasi atau musyawarah dan mufakat.
Pelaksanaan wajib belajar 12 tahun pada masyarakat terisolir
Authors: Gustiawan Pandri , Putra Ideal , Ananda Azwar , Montessori Maria
Published: February 2025

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pelaksanaan wajib belajar 12 tahun pada masyarakat terisolir khususnya kampung Langgai. Metodologi penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan mewawancarai informan diantaranyan aparat pemerintah, tokoh Pendidikan, dan masyarakat. Hasil penelitian yang dilaksanakan dapat disimpulkan beberapa hal yaitu pelaksanaan wajib belajar belajar 12 tahun pada masyarakat terisolir di Langgai Nagari Ganting Mudiak Utara Surantih Kecamatan Sutera belum terlaksana dan merata secara baik. Faktor penghambat pelaksanaan wajib belajar 12 tahun pada masyarakat terisolir di Langgai terbagi atas 2 yaitu faktor internal berupa motivasi sementara faktor eksternal berupa kondisi wilayah geografis, kondisi ekonomi, lingkungan sosial, lingkungan keluarga, dan sarana prasarana penunjang kegiatan belajar mengajar. Upaya pemerintah dalam mewujudkan pelaksanaan wajib belajar 12 tahun pada masyarakat terisolir di Langgai berupa tersedianya anggaran dari dinas pendidikan untuk bantuan sarana dan prasarana penunjang kegiatan belajar mengajar, sekolah sudah menerima peserta didik di luar wilayah zonasi, dan bantuan dari pemerintah berupa BOS dan KIP.
Tanggapan mahasiswa PPKn terhadap ujaran kebencian melalui media sosial Tiktok
Authors: Zama Hendra Yusril , Hasrul Hasrul , Montessori Maria , Irwan Irwan
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tanggapan mahasiswa ppkn terhadap ujaran kebencian melalui media  sosial Tiktok. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dimana penelitian ini hasilnya berbentuk kata-kata tertulis dari video ujaran kebencian yang diamati. Informan dalam penelitian ini dipilih melalui purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Metode analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Uji keabsahan data terdiri dari data kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode triangulasi teori. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk ujaran kebencian terdiri dari bentuk isu suku, agama, ras, dan politik. Tanggapan mahasiswa PPKn terhadap ujaran ujaran kebencian  mengenai suku, agama, ras, dan politik adalah dapat menimbulkan kemarahan serta permusuhan yang berkepanjangan, serta dampaknya akan sangat buruk bagi pelaku yaitu sanksi sosial dapat dikucilkan di kalangan masyarakat dan lebih parahnya akan dikenakan sanksi pidana bagi pelaku ujaran kebencian itu.
Implementasi supervisi berbasis prototipe guru untuk peningkatan profesionalisme secara berkelanjutan
Authors: Rifma Rifma , Meizatri Ranti , Rusdinal Rusdinal , Jasrial Jasrial
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini mencoba mengkategorikan guru menjadi empat kuadran: guru kurang bermutu, guru tidak terfokus, pengamat analitik, dan guru profesional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kecenderungan kategori guru MI, MTs, MA berada pada kategori guru unfocused dan analytical observer, bahkan masih ada 6% diantaranya dikategorikan guru dropout. Berdasarkan analisis situasi dan permasalahan mitra teridentifikasi bahwa permasalahan umum yang terjadi adalah rendahnya kompetensi supervise dan kepemimpinan pembelajaran kepala madrasah. Solusi yang ditawarkan dari permasalahan mitra dalam usulan ini adalah memberikan pembekalan peningkatan kompetensi supervisi. Garis besar materi pembekalan dalam usulan ini adalah supervisi instruksional dan konsep pengkategorian guru, supervisi berbasis prototipe guru untuk menumbuhkan kemampuan dasar guru untuk pengembangan profesional berkelanjutan, disrupsi teknologi dalam pembelajaran dan kesiapan melakukan perubahan, e-leadership sebagai transformasi pengelolaan pendidikan yang bermutu, dan motivasi guru dan efektivitas supervisi. Rata-rata tingkat capaian skor kepala madrasah (post-test) setelah pembekalan adalah 87,52%. Maka dapat disimpulkan setelah pembekalan terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan dan wawasan kepala madrasah tentang supervisi berbasis prototipe guru dan inovasi sekolah.
Strategi komunikasi politik pasangan Hamsuardi dan Risnawanto pada kampanye Pilkada 2024
Authors: Wati Rina , Suryanef Suryanef , Rafni Al , Hasrul Hasrul
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi komunikasi politik pasangan Hamsuardi dan Risnawanto pada kampanye pemilihan kepala daerah tahun 2020 di Kabupaten Pasaman Barat serta faktor pendukung dan penghambat pada kampanye pasangan tersebut. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan ialah wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Lokasi Penelitian yang dipilih yaitu Jorong IV Koto Barat Kecamatan Kinali Kabupaten Pasaman Barat karena masyarakatnya sangat antusias dalam pemilihan kepala daerah tahun 2020. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini pasangan Hamsuardi-Risnawanto dalam kampanye memakai strategi yaitu strategi Positioning ketika tawaran produk politik ke kontestan yang khas dan jelas, strategi Branding ketika merk-merk tokoh membranding dirinya lewat media sosial dan lain sebagainya, dan strategi segmenting ketika kandidat menyasar pemilih menengah kebawah.
Penanaman nilai-nilai lingkungan hidup pada siswa melalui pembelajaran PPKn di SMA
Authors: Novi Novi , Indrawadi Junaidi , Ananda Azwar , Muchtar Henni
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi kurangnya peserta didik dalam menanamkan nilai lingkungan hidup dan kurangnya kesadaran siswa akan pentingnya kebersihan lingkungan. Proses penanaman nilai-nilai lingkungan hidup melalui pembelajaran PPKn berjalan cukup baik dengan menggunakan pendekatan-pendekatan dengan keteladanan, penguatan positif dan negatif, seperti guru datang tepat waktu. Nilai-nilai yang ditanamkan seperti religious, toleransi, disiplin, cinta tanah air, peduli lingkungan. Dalam penanaman nilai-nilai lingkungan hidup, guru memprioritaskan penyelesaian materi dan memperhatikan aspek penanaman nilai-nilai lingkungan jika masih ada kelas yang kurang nyaman dan kotor guru mengarahakan siswa untuk membersihkan kelas terlebih dahulu. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dalam penanaman nilai-nilai lingkungan hidup pada siswa melalui pembelajaran PPKn menurut kurikulum menrdeka di SMA Pertiwi 1 Padang yang diterapkan pada kelas X terlebih dahulu. Namun dalam pelaksanaannya terdapat faktor penghambat dan pendukung dalam pelaksanaan penanaman nilai-nilai lingkungan hidup pada siswa melalui pembelajaran PPKn menurut kurikulum merdeka.
Implementasi Asesmen Formatif pada pembelajaran PPKn berdasarkan Kurikulum Merdeka
Authors: Irvan Yasman Muhammad , Montessori Maria , Ananda Azwar , Fatmariza Fatmariza
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi asesemen formatif pada pembelajaran PPKn berdasarkan kurikulum merdeka di SMA Negeri 1 Salimpaung. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah melalui pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Data diperoleh melalui teknik observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu berdasarkan tahap analisis data penelitian kualitatif yang terdiri dari reduksi data, penyajian data, dan membuat Kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh Asessmen formatif yang diterapkan di SMA Negeri 1 Salimpaung yaitu pada awal pembelajaran diberikan soal pre-test, pada saat pembelajaran berlangsung diberikan pertanyaan pemantik, tanya jawab, penilaian berupa penugasan dan presentasi, dan setelah proses pembelajaran diadakan post-test. Kendala yang dirasakan guru yaitu siswa kesulitan mengerjakan soal yang diberikan, keterbatasan waktu pada saat proses pembelajaran berlangsung, dan keterbatasan waktu guru untuk membuat instrumen asesmen formatif. Upaya yang bisa dilakukan yaitu guru dan siswa bisa memperluas wawasannya terhadap tes formatif yang berkembang saat ini melalui penggunaan internet dan lain-lain.
Hubungan prokratinasi akademik dengan prestasi belajar siswa
Authors: Randa Gia Gusti , Ananda Azwar , Montessori Maria , Fatmariza Fatmariza
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi karena munculnya perilaku prokratinasi akademik dikalangan siswa yang akan berdampak pada prestasi belajar siswa disekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan prokratinasi akademik dengan prestasi belajar siswa kelas XII SMA Pertiwi 1 Padang pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif jenis korelasional. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 159 siswa kelas XII SMA Pertiwi 1 Padang Tahun Pelajaran 2024/2025 yang dipilih menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling. Data prokratinasi akademik diperoleh dari angket yang terdiri dari 28 butir pernyataan yang sudah valid dan reliabel. Sedangkan data prestasi belajar diperoleh dengan teknik dokumentasi menggunakan nilai Ujian Tengah Semester Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganeraan. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan negatif yang siginifikan antara prokratinasi akademik dengan prestasi belajar siswa kelas XII SMA Pertiwi 1 Padang dengan hasil perbandingan r hitung=0,445 lebih besar (>) dari r tabel=0,148, sehingga Ho ditolak dan H1 diterima. Oleh karena itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin tinggi tingkat prokratinasi akademik siswa, maka semakin rendah prestasi belajar siswa yang dicapai.
Implementasi Asesmen Pembelajaran PPKn berbasis HOTS di SMA
Authors: Rani Rani , Montessori Maria , Indrawadi Junaidi , Tiara Monica
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi asesmen pembelajaran PPKn berbasis HOTS di SMAN 3 Bukittinggi dan juga faktor penghambat dalam mengimplementasikan asesmen berbasis HOTS. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Adapun informan dalam penelitian ini ditetntukan secara purposive sampling. Uji keabsahan data dalam penelitian ini ialah triangulasi sumber.  Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan tahap, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Implementasi asesmen berbasis High Order Thingking Skills di SMAN 3 Bukittinggi terdapat tiga tahapan, yaitu tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan terakhir evaluasi. Berdasarkan soal ulangan harian (UH) yang didapatkan bahwa guru masih belum maksimal dalam menerapkan asesmen berbasis HOTS, hal ini dapat dilihat dari masih banyaknya soal-soal yang berbasis Lower Order Thingking Skills. Dari 20 soal yang dibuat oleh guru terdapat soal berbasis LOTS sebanyak 18 soal atau sekitar 90% dan soal berbasis HOTS sebanyak 2 soal atau sekitar 10%. Faktor penghambat dalam mengimplementasikan asesmen berbasis HOTS di SMAN 3 Bukittinggi ialah karena keterbatasan kemampuan dan waktu guru dalam menyusun soal berbasis HOTS, serta siswa belum terbiasa dalam menjawab soal-soal berbasis HOTS.
Dampak strategi pembelajaran berdiferensiasi terhadap hasil belajar PPKn siswa SMP
Authors: Izsta Muhammad Fadhil , Montessori Maria , Indrawadi Junaidi , Tiara Monica
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak strategi pembelajaran berdiferensiasi terhadap hasil belajar Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan siswa kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 25 Padang. Strategi ini dirancang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan belajar siswa yang beragam, baik dari segi gaya belajar, tingkat pemahaman, maupun minat. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan desain control group design. Populasi penelitian mencakup seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 25 Padang tahun ajaran 2024/2025. Sampel diambil melalui teknik simple random sampling yang menghasilkan dua kelompok: kelas eksperimen dengan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi dan kelas kontrol dengan metode konvensional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan strategi pembelajaran berdiferensiasi terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Berdasarkan uji-t, diperoleh nilai sig (2-tailed) 0,000 < 0,05, sehingga Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Temuan ini membuktikan bahwa strategi pembelajaran berdiferensiasi mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa secara signifikan dibandingkan metode pembelajaran konvensional. Dengan demikian, penerapan strategi ini dapat menjadi solusi untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pembelajaran.
Faktor penyebab tingginya angka cerai gugat di Kecamatan Lembah Melintang Kabupaten Pasaman
Authors: Nurjannah Nurjannah , Dewi Susi Fitria , Fatmariza Fatmariza , Muchtar Henni
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor Penyebab tingginya cerai gugat dan bagaimana dampak yang ditimbulkan akibat cerai gugat di Kecamatan Lembah Melintang. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Informan penelitian ini menggunakan Purpose Sampling yaitu istri yang melakukan cerai gugat, suami, anak dan orangtua dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara mendalam pada keluarga informan, observasi selama 1 bulan, dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor internal tingginya cerai gugat di Kecamatan Lembah Melintang antara lain: permasalahan ekonomi dan ketidakpuasan seksual. Sedangkan faktor eksternalnya disebabkan adanya campur tangan orangtua dan perselingkuhan. Dampak yang yang ditimbulkan terhadap perempuan akibat cerai gugat di Kecamatan Lembah Melintang menimbulkan peningkatan kemandirian finansial dan merasa lebih tenang, sedangkan dampak negatifnya muncul perasaan malu dan anti sosial.
VOLODYMYR VIKTOROVYCH BOBIN – PROFESSOR-ANATOMIST FROM THE BOBIN DYNASTY
Authors: Pykalyuk V. , Slobodian O.
Published: February 2025

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Effect of Implant Positioning in Cemented Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Abdullah Abdul Halim
Published: February 2025

The positioning of a cemented total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a crucial
factor during the surgical implantation procedure. However, the impact
of misalignment on stress distribution at the cement mantle and bone
remains poorly understood, posing a potential risk for periprosthetic
bone fracture. This study explores the effects of hip stem positioning in
cemented THA by using finite element analysis (FEA). The aim is to
investigate the impact of implant position on stress and deformation
distributions at the contacting components, i.e. femoral bone, cement,
and hip stem, under walking and stair-climbing activity’s forces. The
rotating angles of -0.75°, -0.5°, -0.25°, 0.25°, 0.5°, and 0.75° are used at
the varus plane with the distal end of the stem as the centre of rotation.
The unrotated condition (at an angle of 0°) is simulated as the baseline
condition of normal hip stem position. Results indicate that the baseline
angle of 0° position does not necessarily represent the lowest stress and
deformation in the femoral bone. Furthermore, misalignment angle
variations at varus planes minimally affect total deformation but
significantly impact stress distribution at the cement mantle. These
findings underscore the importance of considering alignment angles
beyond the baseline and their effects on stress and deformation in
cemented THA.
Hydrostatic Pressure Analysis of Yarn Composites Patch for PVC Pipes
Authors: Abdul Rahman Noor Leha
Published: February 2025

The globally high-demand pipeline is prone to operational issues that
can be mitigated using composite materials. Damage and cracks in the
pipe can lead to structural weakening, leaks, and reduced functionality.
This research aims to determine the adhesion strength of polyvinyl (PV)
resin through lap joint testing, assess the burst pressure of polyvinyl
chloride (PVC) pipes via hydrostatic pressure testing, and evaluate the
impact of various wrapping materials on the maximum hydrostatic
pressure of damaged PVC pipes. The PVC pipe was introduced to a 20
mm hole diameter as a defect and then patched with woven basalt fiber.
The yarn-commingled fiber mat was wrapped onto the PVC pipe surface
using the hand lay-up and vacuum bagging methods. Various materials
with the same stacking lay-up layer and different fiber orientations were
used in this study. Hydrostatic pressure testing on the PVC pipe showed
that the bare pipe (unwrapped) can withstand up to 1.5 MPa before
failing. For reference materials in the woven fiber type, the highest
maximum pressure achieved was approximately 2.03 MPa using the
glass chopped strain mat (CSM) and woven fiber for the wrapping
system. Among the commingled fiber systems, the basalt (B/B)
commingled fiber demonstrated the highest maximum hydrostatic
pressure of about 1.86 MPa, with a maximum hoop stress of 26.5 MPa
and a strain of 1.37%. This research demonstrates that using composite
materials, particularly glass chopped strain mat (CSM), woven fibers,
and basalt commingled fibers, significantly enhances the structural
performance of damaged PVC pipelines compared to untreated pipes.
These findings provide valuable insights into the effective design and
selection of fiber composite materials for pipeline repairs, offering
durable and innovative solutions to mitigate operational issues in highdemand pipeline systems.
Nanomaterial-Enhanced Self-Consolidating High-Performance Concrete: Investigating the Effects of Nano POFA Incorporation
Authors: Muhd Sidek Muhd Norhasri
Published: February 2025

Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is one of the agricultural wastes that negatively
impacts the environment and health because it is abundantly disposed of
in landfills without commercial value. The primary objective of this
research is to investigate the potential incorporation of Nano-POFA
(NaPOFA) as a cement replacement into Self- Self-Consolidating HighPerformance Concrete (SCHPC) through an experimental study to
produce concrete with improved durability and strength. The NaPOFA
is prepared using high-energy milling and introduced as cement
replacement from 1% - 10%. The evaluation of the SCHPC NaPOFA
mix encompasses four tests: physical properties, assessed using a
particle size analyser; fresh properties, evaluated through a flow table
test; and mechanical properties, determined through a splitting tensile
strength test, with supported software analysis on Design Expert. The
results reveal that the optimal percentage of Nano-POFA replacement is
1%, resulting in an impressive 18.18% increase in flowability and a
substantial 12.12% increase in splitting tensile strength compared to the
control mix. In conclusion, the SCHPC NaPOFA mix developed in this
study demonstrates potential applications for constructing durable and
sustainable structures, contributing to reduced cement consumption and
mitigating the carbon footprint in the construction industry.
The Effect of Fibre Orientation on the Density and Tensile Properties of Basalt Fibre/Epoxy Composites
Authors: Nik Ibrahim Nik Noor Idayu
Published: February 2025

The mechanical behaviour of fibre-reinforced epoxy composites is
strongly influenced by the orientation of reinforcing fibres within the
epoxy matrix. Understanding the relationship between fibre orientation,
void formation, density, and mechanical properties in fibre-reinforced
polymer (FRP) composites is crucial for optimizing their performance.
Basalt fibres, known for their superior properties, were integrated into
epoxy resin to create composite materials with varied fibre orientations
via the hand lay-up method. The composites were fabricated into oneply ((0/90) and (±45)), two-plies (0/90)(±45)) and three-plies
((0/90)(±45)(0/90) and (±45)(0/90)(±45). The addition of basalt fibres
increased the composite density, owing to the inherently denser nature
of basalt compared to epoxy. When the number of basalt fibre plies is
increased to two and three, the density of the composites decreases due
to the presence of voids and the trapping of air between the layers of
fibres during the process of layering and impregnation. One-ply
composites with (0/90) orientation exhibited higher tensile strength and
Young's modulus due to fibre alignment with the loading axis,
enhancing load resistance. Conversely, (±45) orientation resulted in
higher tensile strain, promoting deformation and load distribution in
shear. Tensile strength and Young's modulus of two plies of basalt fibre
composites lie between those of one-ply composites with (0/90) and
(±45) orientations since the (0/90) fibres efficiently resist the applied
load along their aligned directions, while the (±45) fibres aid in
distributing and absorbing the load in shear, which enhances overall
tensile strength and modulus compared to one-ply (±45) composites. In
the case of three-plies composites, the composites with two plies
oriented in (0,90) demonstrated higher tensile strength and Young's
modulus when compared to those with two plies of fibres oriented in
(±45).
Effect of Bottom Ash on Rheological and Physico-Mechanical Properties of High Early Strength Self-Compacting Brick (HES-SCB)
Authors: Ahmad Zailani Warid Wazien
Published: February 2025

This study delves into the environmentally responsible application of
bottom ash (BA), a prevalent waste product from coal combustion in
power plants, which constitutes 15% – 25% of total coal ash in Malaysia.
The improper disposal of BA is a significant environmental hazard, with
the potential to contaminate groundwater and soil, thereby affecting
biodiversity and land usability. This study focuses on the novel
application of BA in high early strength-self compacting brick (HESSCB), known for its rapid strength development and satisfactory flow
properties, eliminating the requirement for mechanical vibration during
placement. The research meticulously evaluates the substitution of BA
for sand in HES-SCB, with a special focus on its influence on the fresh
and physico-mechanical characteristics of the bricks. Among various
mixes, the 20% BA replacement level emerged as the most significant,
demonstrating a superior balance of rheological and physico-mechanical
properties, thereby underscoring BA's viability as a sustainable fine
aggregate substitute in HES-SCB production. This mix is designated as
HES-SCB due to its distinct properties: achieving high early strength
essential for rapid construction processes and exhibiting selfcompacting qualities that ensure ease of use and uniformity in
application.
Quantifying Spasticity: Developing a Data-Driven Approach Through the Modified Ashworth Scale and Simulated Spasticity Model
Authors: Che Zakaria Noor Ayuni
Published: February 2025

This study addresses the need for a quantitative assessment tool for
spasticity, a common motor disorder in neurological conditions. The
Simulated Spasticity Model (SSM) is developed to represent spasticity
characteristics across different Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) levels.
This mathematical model captures the spasticity behaviour, offering
detailed insights that qualitative descriptions cannot provide. Ethic
approval was secured, and 114 data sets met the inclusion criteria.
Research hypotheses, based on MAS descriptions, focused on muscle
tone progression and catch positions during passive stretching. Data
underwent segmentation, cleaning, and filtering, with feature extraction
for crucial information. Slow passive stretch analysis revealed a
quadratic characterizing range of motion (ROM) for Malaysians,
exhibiting a high R2 result of 97.36%. The fast passive stretch analysis
utilized the Bi-Gaussian Peak function, creating the SSM for simplified
MAS interpretation. Validation showed a significant portion of data
points falling within the 0.8 to 1.0 R2 range, confirming strong alignment
with the model. Results robustly supported hypotheses, confirming the
expected hierarchy of initial forces, catch positions, and graph widths.
This research demonstrates that MAS can be effectively represented and
understood using the SSM, bridging the qualitative-quantitative gap in
spasticity assessment. In conclusion, this study transforms MAS into a
data-driven tool, providing a valuable contribution to spasticity
education.
A Novel Paradigm CNG Dual-Fuel Strategy to Reduce Engine Emission of a CRDI Engine: A Green Fuel and MultiObjective Optimization Approach
Authors: Panda1 Jibitesh Kumar
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to reduce emissions—specifically smoke, carbon
monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and unburnt hydrocarbon alongside brake
specific fuel consumption (BSFC) in a dual-fuel mode using Mahua oil
blended with compressed natural gas, methanol, and ethanol. BSFC, a
key measure of engine fuel efficiency, and the emissions were evaluated
with load, injection timing, injection duration, and fuel strategy as input
parameters. To minimize trials, Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array was used,
with Grey Relational Analysis optimizing the process. The study
identified load as the most influential factor. Results showed significant
reductions in smoke, CO, NOx, and UHC emissions, while BSFC
improved measurably. The study concluded that using this optimization
approach effectively enhances engine performance and reduces
environmental impact in dual-fuel systems.
Preparation and Characterization of PLA Filaments for FDM 3D Printing
Authors: Abdullah Abdul Manaf
Published: February 2025

Polylactic acid (PLA) is the predominant filament material utilised in fused deposition
modelling (FDM) 3D printing. Despite being commonly utilised in FDM 3D printing,
the fabrication of PLA filament involves a complex extrusion process that is not
widely reported. This study aims to assess the thermal and melt flow behaviour of
PLA. Besides, the impact of pulling speed on the resulting filament in terms of
diameter, morphologies as well as mechanical properties was also quantified. The
thermal behaviour of the PLA was evaluated using a thermogravimetric analyser and
differential scanning calorimetry. Meanwhile, the flow rate of PLA was assessed using
a melt flow indexer. The PLA was processed into a filament form using a single-screw
extruder at three different pulling speeds of 500 rpm, 650 rpm, and 800 rpm, followed
by an evaluation of its mechanical properties using a universal testing machine. The
thermal properties data showed that the PLA started decomposing at 341 °C and
melted at 170.9 °C. The melt flow rate of the PLA was 17 g/10 mins. The pulling speed
of 500 rpm produced an optimal filament with a mean diameter of 1.785 mm.
However, the strength and strain of the respected filament were slightly lower than
those fabricated at pulling speeds of 650 rpm and 800 rpm. The ideal PLA filament
was successfully fabricated at a pulling speed of 500 rpm. The findings from this study
could be a stepping stone toward the fabrication of an enhanced PLA-based filament
to be used for various applications.
The effectiveness of Ethiopian forest policy making: The implementation bottlenecks in Oromia regional state
Authors: Birhan Endalkachew , Petrova Maria A. , Assefa Engdawork
Published: February 2025

The study intends to identify the existing implementation bottlenecks that hamper the effectiveness of the Ethiopian forest policy and laws in regional states by focusing on the Oromia Regional State. It attempts to address the question, “What are the challenges for the effective implementation of the federal forest policy and law in Ethiopia in general and Oromia Regional State in particular?”. The study followed a qualitative research approach, and the relevant data was collected through in-depth interviews from 11 leaders and experts of the policy, who were purposively selected. Furthermore, relevant documents such as the constitutions, forest policies and laws, and government documents were carefully reviewed. Based on this, the study found that there is the dichotomy between the provision of the constitution regarding the forest policy and lawmaking and the constitutional amendment on one hand and the push for genuine decentralization in the Ethiopian federal state on the other. To elaborate, the constitution is rigid for amendment, and it has given the power of forest policy and lawmaking to the federal government. On the other hand, the quest for genuine decentralization requires these powers to be devolved to the regional states. As the constitution is rigid, this may continue to be the major future challenge of the forest policy and lawmaking of the state. This demonstrates a conflict of interests between the two layers of governments, i.e., the federal and regional (Oromia Regional State) governments. Respecting and practicing the constitution may be the immediate solution to this pressing problem.
Effect of algae Ecklonia maxima extract (Kelpak SL) on yields of common wheat, durum wheat and spelt wheat
Authors: SZUMIŁO GRZEGORZ , RACHOŃ LESZEK , KROCHMAL-MARCZAK BARBARA
Published: February 2025

The 3-year experiment was concerned with the response of spring forms of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum), durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta L. em. Thell.) to the foliar application of a plant growth stimulant (extract from marine algae Ecklonia maxima), with the commercial name of Kelpak SL (GS), as compared to control treatment (C). The following parameters were analysed: yield of grain, yield components (number of ears, weight of 1000 kernels, number and weight of kernels per ear) and physical indicators of grain quality (test weight, uniformity and vitreosity of grain). The study showed that the level of yielding and the yield components were related primarily with the wheat genotype, but they depended also on the agro-climatic conditions and on the algae extract and control experimental treatments. The application of algae extract, compared to the control, caused a significant increase in the yields of the spring wheat species under study, on average by 7.0%. Canopy spraying with algae extract had a favourable effect on the number of ears, on he number and weight of kernels per ear, but it had no effect on the weight of 1000 kernels. The grain quality of durum wheat, spelt wheat and common wheat was affected more strongly by the weather conditions in the successive years of the study and by the genotype than by the foliar application of algae extract. The spelt genotypes were characterised by lower yields and lower grain quality than common wheat and the durum wheat genotypes.
Prevalence of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and association with coronary artery calcifications in Slovenia
Authors: Lesjak Vesna , Hebar Timea , Pirnat Maja
Published: February 2025

Background

The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological aspects of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) patients in Slovenia, to evaluate the relationship between coronary CT angiography (CCTA)-derived epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) density and coronary artery calcifications (CAC) in patients with and without DISH, and study influencing factors of these parameters.

Patients and methods

The research comprised patients referred for CCTA due to a clinical suspicion of coronary artery disease. DISH, CAC score and EAT attenuation were quantified using non-contrast imaging. Diagnosis of DISH was based on Resnick criteria. The CCTA was assessed for the presence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). The association between DISH and the extent of CAC was explored, using correlation analysis and multivariate regression.

Results

The study cohort included 219 participants. The prevalence of DISH was 7.8%. In univariate logistic regression, body mass index (BMI) (odds ratio [OR] 1.133, p = 0,005), age (OR 1.055, p = 0,032) and diabetes (OR 3.840, p = 0,015) were significantly associated with the condition. However, this association did not persist on multinomial multivariate analysis, but gender, age, hypertension and EAT attenuation were found to be significantly associated with the increasing CAC strata.

Conclusions

The prevalence of DISH found is comparable with prior literature. There was no independent relationship between the prevalence of DISH and CAC. Our data point to a more nuanced and perhaps non-causal link between coronary artery disease and DISH.
Cardiac MRI for differentiating chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity in sarcoma and breast cancer
Authors: Ibrahim El-Sayed H , Chaudhary Lubna , Cheng Yee-Chung , Sosa Antonio , An Dayeong , Charlson John
Published: February 2025

Background

Over the past few decades, many studies have focused on anthracyclines effect on the heart (cardiotoxicity), but only a few have focused on sarcoma. In this study, we harness the capabilities of advanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for characterizing anthracyclines-induced cardiotoxicity in sarcoma and compare the results to those from breast cancer patients.

Patients and methods

The patients receive an MRI exam at three timepoints: baseline (pre-treatment), posttreatment, and at 6-months follow-up.

Results

The results demonstrated a differential response in sarcoma, characterized by increasing left-ventricular (LV) mass and decreasing right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF). In all patients, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) remained > 50% at all timepoints. Myocardial strain was always lower than the normal threshold values and showed small changes between different timepoints. Myocardial T2 and extracellular volume (ECV) showed increasing and decreasing patterns, respectively, in sarcoma, which were the opposite patterns of those in breast cancer. While myocardium T1 showed increasing values in breast cancer, T1 in sarcoma increased post-treatment and then decreased at the 6-months follow-up. The results showed inverse correlation between dose and different strain components in sarcoma, which was not the case in breast cancer. Certain myocardial segments showed high correlation coefficients with dose, which may reflect their increased sensitivity to cardiotoxicity.

Conclusions

Cardiac MRI proved to be a valuable technique for determining anthracycline-induced changes in cardiac function and myocardial tissue composition in sarcoma and differentiating it against breast cancer. It also provides a comprehensive assessment of heart health at baseline, which is important for risk stratification.
Early-time-point 18F-FDG-PET/CT and other prognostic biomarkers of survival in metastatic melanoma patients receiving immunotherapy
Authors: Hribernik Nezka , Strasek Katja , Studen Andrej , Zevnik Katarina , Skalic Katja , Jeraj Robert , Rebersek Martina
Published: February 2025

Background

A considerable proportion of metastatic melanoma (mM) patients do not respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). There is a great need to develop noninvasive biomarkers to detect patients, who do not respond to ICIs early during the course of treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of early [18F]2fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose PET/CT (18F-FDG PET/CT) at week four (W4) and other possible prognostic biomarkers of survival in mM patients receiving ICIs.

Patients and methods

. In this prospective noninterventional clinical study, mM patients receiving ICIs regularly underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT: at baseline, at W4 after ICI initiation, at week sixteen and every 16 weeks thereafter. The tumor response to ICIs at W4 was assessed via modified European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) criteria. Patients with progressive metabolic disease (PMD) were classified into the no clinical benefit group (no-CB), and those with other response types were classified into the clinical benefit group (CB). The primary end point was survival analysis on the basis of the W4 18F-FDG PET/CT response. The secondary endpoints were survival analysis on the basis of LDH, the number of metastatic localizations, and immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Kaplan-Meier analysis and univariate Cox regression analysis were used to assess the impact on survival.

Results

Overall, 71 patients were included. The median follow-up was 37.1 months (952% CI = 30.1–38.0). Three (4%) patients had only baseline scans due to rapid disease progression and death prior to W4 18F-FDG-PET/CT. Fifty-one (72%) patients were classified into the CB group, and 17 (24%) were classified into the no-CB group. There was a statistically significant difference in median overall survival (OS) between the CB group (median OS not reached [NR]; 95% CI = 17.8 months – NR) and the no-CB group (median OS 6.2 months; 95% CI = 4.6 months – NR; p = 0.003). Univariate Cox analysis showed HR of 0.4 (95% CI = 0.18 – 0.72; p = 0.004). median OS was also significantly longer in the group with normal serum LDH levels and the group with irAEs and cutaneous irAEs.

Conclusions

Evaluation of mM patients with early 18F-FDG-PET/CT at W4, who were treated with ICIs, could serve as prognostic imaging biomarkers. Other recognized prognostic biomarkers were the serum LDH level and occurrence of cutaneous irAEs.
Comparison of selective intra-arterial to standard intravenous administration in percutaneous electrochemotherapy (pECT) for liver tumors
Authors: Wilke Tim , Hussain Erschad , Spallek Hannah , Terlizzi Francesca de , Mir Lluis M , Bischoff Peter , Schäfer Andreas , Bartmuß Elke , Cadossi Matteo , Zanasi Alessandro , Pinkawa Michael , Kovács Attila
Published: February 2025

Background

Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a local nonsurgical effective tumor treatment in the hand of the clinician for the treatment of patients with liver tumors or metastases. The study aimed to test the technical feasibility and safety of intra-arterial (i.a.) bleomycin administration compared to the established intravenous (i.v.) administration in percutaneous electrochemotherapy (pECT). Furthermore, the equivalence hypothesis was tested between the 2 modalities in terms of local short-term response and progression-free survival.

Patients and methods

Forty-four patients have been recruited and treated by pECT for hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma and liver metastatic lesions from cancers of different origin: 18 were treated with standard i.v., 26 with bleomycin i.a. administration.

Results

The 2 groups were similar for anagraphic and anamnestic data, as well as for most relevant disease specific characteristics. Technical success of the treatment was obtained in 95% and 100% of patients in i.v. and i.a. groups respectively. Short-term local response was similar in the 2 groups with a slightly higher complete remission (CR) rate in the i.a. group. There were 61.9% CR, 23.8% partial remission (PR), 4.8% stable disease (SD) in the i.v. group, and 80.6%, CR 12.9% PR, 3.2% PD (p = 0.3454). One-year progression free survival was 60% (C.I. 33%–88%) in the i.v. group and 67% (C.I. 42%–91%) in the i.a. group (p = 0.5849).

Conclusions

The results of this study confirmed the safety and feasibility of super-selective i.a. bleomycin administration. Analysis of local response and progression free survival confirmed the equivalence hypothesis of the new modality compared to standard i.v. administration in the treatment of primary and secondary liver malignancies by pECT.
Bronchial bacterial colonization and the susceptibility of isolated bacteria in patients with lung malignancy
Authors: Petrovic Sabrina , Beovic Bojana , Tomic Viktorija , Bitenc Marko , Malovrh Mateja Marc , Dimitric Vladimir , Luznik Dane , Miklavcic Martina , Bozic Tamara , Gabrovec Tina , Sadikov Aleksander , Rozman Ales
Published: February 2025

Background

Postoperative pneumonia (POP) remains a leading cause of mortality following lung surgery. Recent studies have confirmed that the respiratory tract below the vocal cords is not sterile and often harbours potentially pathogenic microorganisms (PPMs), putting patients with lung malignancies at an increased risk for pulmonary infections.

Patients and methods

The study analysed 149 patients who underwent bronchoscopy for lung lesions suspected to be lung cancer. Protected specimen brush (PSB) samples were obtained during bronchoscopy prior to any specific treatment. Bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were conducted on the isolated strains.

Results

Bacterial colonization was detected in 88.6% of patients, with 21.5% carrying PPMs. Notably, patients with type 2 diabetes exhibited a higher rate of PPM colonization compared to others. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed no significant differences in efficacy between amoxicillin with clavulanic acid and first-generation cephalosporin in both colonized patients and those with PPMs. Importantly, no multidrug-resistant bacteria were identified.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate a slightly lower PPM colonization rate compared to previous studies, possibly due to the unique geographic characteristics of the study population. The absence of significant differences in bacterial susceptibility between the two tested antibiotics highlights the need for further research to refine perioperative infection management strategies.
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INDONESIA AND THAILAND
Authors: Masykuri Masykuri , Rustan Ahmad , Ichlas Rudy Iskandar , Umar Wahyudi
Published: February 2025

The idea of revising the 1945 Constitution is likely to spark debate. Nevertheless, Article 37 of the 1945 Constitution has provided a mechanism for amendment, rather than replacement, of the constitution. The amendments to the 1945 Constitution are now mandatory, as previously decreed by the MPR leadership, which will be continued by the current leadership. This paper examines the role of public participation in the amendment of constitutions in Indonesia and Thailand. The study employs a normative legal research approach, utilizing statutes, conceptual frameworks, and comparative analyses. Data was collected from books, academic journals, relevant laws, and regulations. The results indicate that the forms of public participation in Indonesia and Thailand in the constitution-making and amendment processes are largely similar, including public hearings, working visits, socialization, seminars, workshops, and discussions. However, a notable difference exists in that Indonesia lacks explicit provisions for public participation in its constitutional amendment process, whereas Thailand has established clear regulations. It is recommended that Indonesia clearly regulate public participation as a procedure in its constitution-making and amendment processes.
REGULATORY DYNAMICS IN PEER-TO-PEER LENDING: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDONESIA, SINGAPORE, AND AUSTRALIA
Authors: Puspita Viona , Amboro Florianus Yudhi Priyo , Syarief Elza
Published: February 2025

The growth of peer-to-peer lending requires robust legal regulations to protect stakeholder rights and facilitate continued economic development in Indonesia through enhanced access to funding. This article seeks to analyze the legal developments surrounding peer-to-peer lending in Indonesia, Singapore, and Australia. Utilizing a doctrinal legal research methodology with a comparative approach, the findings reveal that Singapore and Australia can effectively leverage existing regulations without the need to create new ones, thereby mitigating the risk of legal dissonance. In contrast, while Indonesia has implemented specific regulations for peer-to-peer lending, it has not provided sufficient normative legal protection within this sector and has failed to safeguard the rights guaranteed by those regulations. These findings suggest that a specific regulatory approach may not be the most effective strategy for Indonesia's legal development, thereby contributing to the ongoing discourse surrounding legal advancements in the fintech industry.
The Role of External Beam Radiation Therapy in Thyroid Cancer: When and How to Do it
Authors: Sadiq Sadia , Maken Rab , Niaz Areeba , Shahid Abubaker
Published: February 2025

BExternal Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT) involves using high-energy x-rays or particle beams targeted at malignant tissues, with the goal of destroying tumor cells while minimizing damage to healthy surrounding structures. However, the indication and timing of EBRT vary considerably depending on the specific histological subtype of thyroid cancer, the presence of metastatic or unresectable lesions, and individual patient factors such as comorbidities and prior treatments. Moreover, the therapeutic benefit of EBRT must be balanced against potential side effects, making patient selection and protocol design pivotal components in managing advanced thyroid cancer.
This article explores the role of EBRT in thyroid cancer, with particular attention to when it is recommended, the patient populations that benefit most, and how to optimize treatment protocols. By illuminating current best practices and emerging evidence, we aim to guide clinicians in deciding when and how to incorporate EBRT into a multidisciplinary treatment plan for thyroid cancer.
Rapid drug desensitization in seven patients with delayed hypersensitivity reactions to biologics and targeted therapies: Reason, successes, and failures
Authors: Onalan Tugba , Colkesen Fatih , Gerek Mehmet Emin , Akkus Fatma Arzu , Evcen Recep , Arslan Sevket
Published: February 2025

Backround: Rapid drug desensitization (RDD) is commonly used for immediate drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHR) across various drugs. In delayed DHRs, the conventional approach is slow desensitization; however, limitations may arise due to drug-specific or disease-related
factors. With the increasing role of targeted molecular drugs in delayed DHRs, data on the efficacy of RDD in these contexts remain scarce. Objective: This case series aims to explore the rationale and outcomes of RDD in managing delayed DHRs associated with targeted therapies.
Methods: We analyzed data from patients referred to a tertiary university hospital's drug allergy outpatient clinic between January 2021 and April 2024. The subjects experienced delayed DHRs during treatment with targeted drugs and, subsequently, underwent RDD. Results:
The drugs administered via RDD included bevacizumab, rituximab, daratumumab, lenalidomide, bortezomib, and carfilzomib. The index reactions included maculopapular eruptions (MPE), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis
(AGEP). Delayed breakthrough reactions were observed in four of seven patients. RDD with bortezomib was unsuccessful in all three patients, and delayed reactions were observed in all patients with severe cutaneous adverse reactions (AGEP and DRESS). Conclusion: Suggesting
significant success of RDD for delayed DHRs induced by targeted therapies may be overly optimistic. Nevertheless, four of seven patients, including one with AGEP, were able to continue their treatment. Managing patients with advanced diseases and delayed DHR poses notable challenges. The risk
to patient survival from withholding life-saving medication must be weighed against the risks of desensitization. The low sensitivity of skin tests and the critical waiting period complicate decision-making. Given the unique contribution of targeted agents in the treatment of severe, life-threatening
diseases, further research on desensitization is warranted.