bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconstrucció del cançoner Curiositat catalana (final del s. XVII)
Authors: Rossich Albert
Published: December 2021

Un dels cançoners més importants de poesia catalana del segle XVII era un que portava per títol Curiositat Catalana. Malauradament, el llibre va ser mutilat per un posseïdor i només en van quedar els índexs i dues obres de teatre de Francesc Fontanella (i una d’aquestes, incompleta). Malgrat la pèrdua dels textos, el fet que els índexs fessin constar l’autoria de moltes de les composicions preservava l’interés del cançoner com a inventari de poetes del Barroc català i com a testimoni de la vitalitat de la poesia en llengua catalana, cosa especialment útil en tractar-se d’una època tradicionalment mal coneguda. Però després de la primera notícia que tenim d’aquest manuscrit, de 1859, el llibre va desaparèixer i no ha estat retrobat fins fa pocs anys. La troballa permet reconstruir de manera aproximada per primera vegada l’ordre i les característiques del còdex. En aquest treball, a més, examinem la pertinència de les atribucions que fa, que sovint no són exactes.
As jovens aventuras de Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar: reavaliação de um testemunho do romanceiro novo
Authors: Sirgado Ana
Published: December 2021

O romance tradicional «O Cid e o conde Lozano» narra as jovens aventuras de Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar e destaca-se, no contexto pan-hispânico, pela complexidade da sua estrutura temática. Uma das principais dificuldades do exame desta estrutura reside no atual desconhecimento da memória antiga do tema e, por isso, a análise da sua génese tem-se desenvolvido sobretudo a partir da discussão de Mocedades de Rodrigo, o texto épico tardio em que o romance se inspirou, bem como dos romances velhos que o integram por meio do fenómeno da contaminação. Por sua vez, diversas composições artificiosas, impressas no final do século xvi e início da centúria seguinte, mostram também o vasto acolhimento dos episódios da juventude de Rodrigo pelo romanceiro novo, provando a sua fortuna na época. O cotejo destes poemas com a tradição moderna de «O Cid e o conde Lozano», nomeadamente do romance novo «Pensativo estava el Cid» com a memória madeirense deste tema cíclico, resulta, no presente estudo, numa abordagem renovada à hipotética composição antiga de «O Cid e o conde Lozano». Analisa-se ainda o retrato de Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar construído pelas versões portuguesas, de modo a compreender a lógica subjacente à formação deste ciclo e do herói que o protagoniza.
Novel Advanced Impedance Metrics on Impedance-pH Testing Predict Lung Function Decline in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Rangan Vikram , Borges Lawrence F. , Lo Wai-Kit , Gavini Sravanya , Bailey Mariel , Hathorn Kelly E. , Goldberg Hilary J. , Chan Walter W.
Published: December 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Gastroesophageal reflux has been associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) is a marker of esophageal mucosal integrity, whereas postreflux swallow-induced peristaltic wave (PSPW) index reflects esophageal chemical clearance. Both metrics offer novel ways to assess reflux burden on multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH testing (MII-pH), but their role in extraesophageal reflux remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between these novel metrics and lung function decline in patients with IPF.

METHODS:

Adults with IPF undergoing prelung transplant MII-pH were enrolled. All patients completed pulmonary function testing (PFT) at the time of MII-pH and at the 1-year follow-up. MNBI was calculated by averaging baseline impedance at three 10-minute intervals (1 AM/2 AM/3 AM). PSPW index was the proportion of all reflux episodes, followed by a peristaltic swallow within 30 seconds. Univariate (Student t-test/Pearson correlation) and multivariable (general linear regression) analyses were performed.

RESULTS:

One hundred twenty-five subjects (mean age = 61.7 years, 62% men) were included. Forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity declined more significantly over 12 months in subjects with lower distal MNBI, proximal MNBI, and PSPW index (all P < 0.05). On multivariable analyses adjusting for age, sex, proton pump inhibitor use, and baseline lung function, distal MNBI (β = −10.86, P = 0.024; β = −8.03, P = 0.045), proximal MNBI (β = −13.5, P = 0.0068; β = −9.80, P = 0.025), and PSPW index (β = −18.1, P = 0.010; β = −12.55, P = 0.050) remained predictive of greater forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity decline.

DISCUSSION:

Low distal MNBI, proximal MNBI, and PSPW index independently predicted more severe lung function decline over 1 year in patients with IPF. These impedance metrics may have prognostic value and support a role for reflux in IPF pathogenesis.
Estudo de construções linguísticas sob a perspectiva analítica da Linguística Cognitiva
Authors: Tenuta Adriana Maria , Coelho Sueli Maria , Schröder Ulrike
Published: December 2021

Apresentação
El derecho a la vivienda en la nueva Constitución de Chile
Authors: Contreras Orrego Valentina , Silva Didier Ignacio , Silva Didier Vicente
Published: December 2021

Chile está escribiendo una nueva Constitución con el objeto de generar un pacto social y político que organice y distribuya el poder económico y político de una manera más justa, y que garantice los derechos de todas las personas y comunidades en igualdad de condiciones. El objetivo de este ensayo es ofrecer un análisis del derecho a una vivienda adecuada en el contexto del proceso constituyente en Chile, desde la perspectiva del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos y de la experiencia constitucional comparada. Los elementos y principios que recogemos de ambas experiencias tienen el potencial de guiar la discusión constitucional en el contexto del apartheid urbano que experimenta el país.
Adaptaciones de emergencia y contribución a la cultura organizacional
Authors: Porras Vaca Marjorie , Martín Pérez Alberto
Published: December 2021

Este artículo analiza la respuesta del Servicio de Atención Domiciliaria de Barcelona ante la primera oleada de la pandemia del COVID-19, entre marzo y mayo de 2020. Mediante un trabajo sistemático de observación participante, mostramos el proceso de toma de decisiones de emergencia para la salvaguarda de un servicio esencial, incidiendo en la determinante contribución de las trabajadoras, mujeres de origen inmigrante, para afrontar las dificultades sobrevenidas. Destacamos la oportunidad de visibilizar y prestigiar socialmente la economía de cuidados mediante prácticas como la institución de un espíritu de equipo, la valoración de la participación de las trabajadoras en las decisiones y su demostrada capacidad de adaptación, especialmente valorada por los usuarios más vulnerables.
Prediction of Autism Spectrum Disorder by Facial Recognition Using Machine Learning
Authors: Ganesan Srividhya , Dr. Raju , J Dr. Senthil
Published: December 2021

Autism is normally characterized as pervading disorder. The role Pervasive implies that the disorder is acute. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) individuals face difficulties in interacting with others. They also have a problem in responding to the actions, hyperactive and behavioural issues. There have been numerous technological enhancements in prediction of autism traits. This paper focusses on various machine learning methods to classify an autistic child. It mainly focusses on classification models applying VGG16 algorithm of SVM classifier, CNN and Haar Cascade using OpenCV. Using these models, better accuracy was achieved compared to other models of classification.
Traffic Flow Forecasting Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: J Cynthia , Priya G. Sakthi , Samuel C. Kevin , M Suguna , J Senthil , Jebaraj S. Abraham
Published: December 2021

Congestion due to traffic, results in wasted fuel, increase in pollution level, increase in travel time and vehicular queuing. Smart city initiatives are aimed to improve the quality of urban life. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) provides solution for many smart city projects, as they capture real time data without any fixed infrastructure. The real-time prediction of traffic flow aids in alleviating congestion. Accurate and timely prediction on the future traffic flow helps individual travellers, public transport, and transport planning. Existing systems are designed to predict specific traffic parameters like weekday, weekend, and holidays. This research presents a machine learning based traffic flow forecasting for the city of Bloomington, US not with any precise parameter. The day-wise dataset for the 5 areas is taken from Jan 1, 2017 to Dec 31, 2019. The algorithm used for implementation is Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). LSTM algorithm provides better traffic prediction with least root means square error value.
Residence Automation System Using Internet of Things
Authors: K Jothimani , S Thangamani , D Kiruthika , K Arun
Published: December 2021

Home automation using Internet of Things is full of automation and the human being’s life is getting easier as almost everything is systematic by replacing the conventional/manual systems. Recent days, the internet is the mixed part of every human life to gather the knowledge of technology. Internet of things provides a source the devices to connect, sensed by sensors and controlled by remote across a grid infrastructure. Various kind of sensors are designed to meet the need of Home automation such as flame sensor, gas sensor, touch sensor, soil moisture sensor, Infrared sensor where it is connected with Arduino board and it automatically controls the environment. Infrared Sensor is used to find the movement of objects and is used in home automation for example we can use infrared sensor in car shed to monitor the car activities. Based on the car motion we can use infrared sensor. Infrared sensor is used to sense the car movement based on the movement light is automatically changed into on condition and if there is no movement the light turns into off condition. The Arduino board have microcontroller to control all the process occurred in home and it can be sensed by the various sensor and it can be alert to the owner by mail or any other process. The results are obtained with the help of Arduino Software and Arduino UNO for all the sensors.
Refugia. (Prze)trwanie transgatunkowych wspólnot miejskich /Refugia: The Survival of Urban Transspecies Communities
Authors:   Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań
Published: December 2021

Refugia: The Survival of Urban Transspecies Communities encourages to us recognize the unexpected relations among species and to speculate about the possibility of their existence and development. It shows the need for care and support for multi-species urban communities by answering questions about the following: Which humans and non-humans may find refuge in the city? Under what conditions and to what extent? Are cities also becoming spaces of refuge for rare, endangered or endangered species and disappearing ecosystems? Can unwanted and underestimated life forms find refuge in the city, and how much compassion and hospitality do we have for them? Is it possible to be safe in the city without a place–home–shelter of one’s own? The book is the result of transdisciplinary research, including knowledge-producing artistic projects, whose research and communication methodology enable us to go beyond specialist circles. The book consists of two parts, the first of which, Refugia: The Transdisciplinary Practice of Curiosity, includes scientific texts focusing on various cases of interspecies relationships created in cities by human and non-human animals, plants, fungi, soil, architecture, etc. The second part of the book includes artistic statements in the form of visual documentation of projects created for the exhibition Refugia: Keep (Out of) These Places. The art presented here makes it possible to construct perspectives different from those generated in the field of humanities or sciences, but remaining in close contact with these fields.
Pojęcia „wiersz”, „metrum” i „rytm” w rosyjskiej tradycji naukowej
Authors: Pilszczikow Igor
Published: December 2021

Z punktu widzenia metodologii nauki wszystkie określenia mogą być podzielone na dwa typy: deskryptywnym (albo teoretycznym) określeniem nazywa się definicję wyznaczającą przedmiot poprzez wyliczenie wymaganych właściwości lub funkcji, zaś konstruktywnym (lub praktycznym) określeniem – eksplicytny opis budowy odpowiedniego przedmiotu. Rosyjscy wersolodzy sformułowali kilka teoretycznych określeń wiersza (w jego przeciwstawieniu do prozy), które jednakże nie konwertują się w konstruktywne określenie (wykaz formalnych cech odróżniających wiersz od prozy). Takie określenie nauce na razie nie jest dostępne. Tym niemniej możemy proponować deskryptywne i konstruktywne określenia systemów wersyfikacyjnych, metrum wierszowych i ich konkretnych odmian (rozmiarów), rytmu wiersza i rytmicznych typów konkretnych rozmiarów. W artykule rozpatruje się rozmaite próby określenia wiersza i wzajemnej zależności metrum i rytmu podejmowane w rosyjskiej tradycji badań nad wierszem. Na podstawie rozważań historyczno-naukowych proponuje się konstruktywne określenie samego pojęcia „metrum”, opisywanego jako system zezwoleń i zakazów na dystrybucję przedziałów międzywyrazowych i akcentów słownych w wersie, jak również konstruktywne określenia rozmaitych systemów wersyfikacyjnych wykorzystywanych w wierszu rosyjskim (sylabotonika, logaedy, dolniki i taktowiki, wiersz „czysto toniczny”).
W poszukiwaniu hierofanii – o filmie Góra Sulejmana Jelizawiety Stiszowej
Authors: Czaja Justyna
Published: December 2021

The subject of the article is Elizaveta Stishova's film Suleiman Mountain, the action of which focuses on the Kyrgyz mountain, surrounded by religious veneration. The title place is treated as a spatial hierophany, that is, according to Mircea Eliade's concept, a place where and through which the sacred is revealed. The text will analyze the film's space-time and its symbolic dimension, and the characters' relations with the title place, especially the relationship between women and the mountain and its mythical character.
„Na dwu i na czterech łapach”. Eseistyka nieantropocentryczna i pisarstwo Michała Cichego
Authors: Jarzyna Anita
Published: December 2021

The starting point for the discussion presented in the article is the question whether it is possible and reasonable to distinguish the non-anthropocentric essay. The author refers to the latest genological findings, indicates why the assumed descriptive categories make it difficult to recognise that genre, and then formulates a range of counter-arguments (with a particular focus on subjectivity) and defines certain requirements for the non-anthropocentric essay. The later part of the article is devoted to the work of Michał Cichy as an example of a non-representative embodiment of that form. His essays, related to the concepts by Tim Ingold and Tadeusz Sławek, are examined from the angle of the practice of intertwining the open world, which abolishes the hitherto dominating position of the human subject and creates space for non-anthropocentric expression.
Ludotopia. O granicy świata gry
Authors: Maj Krzysztof M.
Published: December 2021

The essay presents an overview of the possible meanings and applications of the newly-coined term ‘ludotopia’, i.e. a “dialectical entanglement of game and space” – which challenges the boundaries of two neighbouring worlds: storyworld and gameworld. Seeking to trace the limitations of a thus defined gaming space, the author proceeds by reflecting upon the end of the game, or, more precisely, the endgame, in order to reconcile it with a notion of horismós (ὁρισμός) popular in more hermeneutically aligned video game studies. While doing so, the paper delivers an analysis of Assassin’s Creed: Odyssey showing three distinct stages in which a ludotopia can be opened towards more advanced world-building: (1) exploration and map reveal; (2) synchronisation of intelligible tags; and (3) renewal of narrative motivation. Thanks to a world-centered approach to the interpreted video game, the essay addresses how players inhabit, traverse, explore, and understand the surrounding ludic reality, rather than focusing on video game mechanics or procedures that affect their gameplay. In the end, a precise distinction between the storyworld and gameworld is introduced in order to reevaluate the ways both terms overlap with the aforementioned interpretation of ludotopia.
Williama Goldinga Siłą bezwładu w perspektywie ontologii zorientowanej na przedmiot
Authors: Kowalcze Małgorzata
Published: December 2021

The paper applies selected devices of the methodology of Object-Oriented Ontology to study William Golding’s novel Free Fall. Particular attention is given to Graham Harman’s project, whose definition of an object accounts for all beings, humans included. Within the ontological structure of an object two components can be distinguished: the “sensual object”, which can engage in relationships with other objects, and the “real object”, which refrains from any connections. The author aims to show how the main protagonist of Golding’s novel is impacted on by material objects, how other humans are perceived by him as inherently dual beings, but most importantly how the protagonist himself discovers the thing-like quality of his own human condition.
Dwa ciała poety. Eugeniusza Tkaczyszyna-Dyckiego lektura performatywna
Authors: Waligóra Agnieszka
Published: December 2021

Tkaczyszyn-Dycki’s poetry invariably tempts one to identify the “external” poet (author) with a textual subject, who, thanks to various literary tricks, can be called an “internal” poet. This “internal” poet does not have a purely literary or linguistic character, as he seems to be endowed with a body, biography or agency. However, these categories cannot be convincingly described using only structural tools. The paper proposes to look at the possible performativity of Tkaczyszyn-Dycki’s poetry, designed in the text itself, starting with examining the concept of trauma, which facilitates a different view of the relationship between text and “reality”, then reinterpreting the problem of subjectivity and the crucial literary “strategy”. Therefore, it is a performative reading in the sense that it will focus on what (faith, empathy, trust – and, on the contrary, distrust) Tkaczyszyn-Dycki’s work tries to convince readers to, but also on what the main intention stands for.
Observations of the gamma-ray pulsar J1836+5925 at 111 MHz
Authors: Timirkeeva Maria , Malov Igor , Malofeev Valery , Malov Oleg
Published: December 2021

We describe the 10-day radio observations of the gamma-ray pulsar J1836+5925. Observations were carried out in the Pushchino Radio Astronomical Observatory at the frequency of 111 MHz using the Large Phased Array of the Lebedev Physical Institute.
Long non-coding RNA FAM66C regulates glioma growth via the miRNA/LATS1 signaling pathway
Authors: Xiao Kai , Peng Gang
Published: December 2021

Glioma is one of the most common primary intracranial carcinomas and typically associated with a dismal prognosis and poor quality of life. The identification of novel oncogenes is clinically valuable for early screening and prevention. Recently, the studies have revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the development and progression of cancers including glioma. The expression of lncRNA FAM66C is reduced in glioma cell lines and clinical samples compared to non-tumor samples. Knockdown of FAM66C in U87 and U251 cells significantly promoted cell proliferation and migration, respectively. Furthermore, the correlation between FAM66C and Hippo pathway regulators YAP1 and LATS1, along with the alteration of their protein expression level indicated that FAM66C regulated cell growth through this pathway. Moreover, luciferase assay demonstrated that another two noncoding RNAs, miR15a/miR15b, directly bonded to the 3′UTR of LATS1 to facilitated its transcriptional expression and inhibited cell growth. In addition, the luciferase activity of FAM66C was block by miR15a/miR15b, and the promotion of cell growth effects caused by FAM66C deficiency was attenuated by miR15a/miR15b mimics, further proved that FAM66C functioned as a competing endogenous RNA to regulate glioma growth via the miRNA/LATS1 signaling pathway.
First Results of Monitoring the New Invasive Species Prunus serotina Ehrh. Population inside the Regeneration Area of Common Oak-Hornbeam Forest in Western Croatia
Authors: Medak Jasnica , Perić Sanja , Zorić Nikola , Sirovica Ivana
Published: December 2021

Black cherry ( Prunus serotina Ehrh., Rosaceae) is a widespread invader of the European temperate forests and a significant component of the human-caused part of the global environmental changes. Its successful invasion results from a complex interaction between the species life traits and the recipient ecosystem attributes. While it has been recorded to develop spontaneously in numerous European countries, in Croatia information details on its population distribution, as well as its current status, are still missing. The individuals of P. serotina were found in the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) forest regeneration area of Jastrebarsko forest management unit in 2018. This alerted us to start to monitor its spreading area, status and impact on the native plant species in a four-year period (2018-2021). In order to investigate the habitat characteristics, phytosociological approach was applied. In addition, the area was surveyed using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) DJI Mavic 2 Pro and DJI Ground Station Pro. The results showed that P. serotina spread considerably in the regeneration area, which indicates its invasive character. It also caused alteration in current vegetation. Fast initial expansion of P. serotina in 2019 was slowed down in the next 2 years due to performed tending activities, suggesting mechanical measures could help to control its invasive spreading at an early stage of development. This research brought up the first record of the Prunus serotina species in pedunculate oak forest regeneration area of western Croatia with a recommendation to continue the monitoring survey in order to help prevent its spread in the future.
Deaf-friendly research – conducting research using an electronic questionnaire
Authors:   Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Irasiak Anna , Sroka Elżbieta ,   Pedagogical University of Krakow, Górka Wojciech ,   Lukasiewicz Research Network, Socha Michał ,   Lukasiewicz Research Network, Piasecki Adam ,   Lukasiewicz Research Network
Published: December 2021

A non-exclusive approach in conducting survey-based research which assumes the participation of people with disabilities is one of the important ethical aspects of the research process. The use of the tool, which has been designed in accordance with the universal user-oriented design, makes it possible for people with disabilities to take an active part in surveys. This means that they can present their attitudes and express opinions within the conducted surveys. The aim of the article is to present the issue of conducting surveys using an electronic questionnaire among deaf people, modelled on the Avatar PJM project. People with a hearing impairment, whose first or primary language used for communication is a sign language, should be given a questionnaire in an appropriate form enabling them to complete it easily. The discussed project presents a proposal to construct a questionnaire using the LimeSurvey software. The questionnaire has been adapted to the needs and expectations of the recipient group. The presented solution for designing a user-friendly research tool can be used in other types of research in this group of respondents (e.g. industrial or educational research) or can become an inspiration for further research in this field.
Structural capital and its importance for the intellectual capital of an organization
Authors:   Warsaw University of Technology, Wójcik Mirosław
Published: December 2021

This article aims to confirm the thesis that structural capital (SC) is a framework for intellectual capital (IC) in an organization, which allows proper configuration of intangibles. Therefore, in the resource-based view, it determines its strategic character. Realizing such a goal, the author pays attention to the nature of relations and connections of individual components of IC, indicating that the SC is the key factor creating intangible assets of the organization as a source of gaining competitive advantage. The reason for taking up this issue is that, despite years of discussion in the field of IC, there are still unanswered questions concerning the management of an organization’s IC, especially its planning and development. The defined knowledge gap concerns the source of strategic characteristics of IC, which, according to the resources-based view, are its rarity, originality, and the inability to be substituted or copied. The ability to shape the strategic value of intangibles makes this source itself a strategic resource and identifying it can change the way we understand IC. To achieve the paper’s aim and fill the knowledge gap, the author asks whether SC can provide the characteristics of IC mentioned above and whether the strategic character of IC can be achieved independently of SC. The review and theoretical considerations are based on the analysis of the literature on IC and selected issues that are not directly related to IC, but of which the subject touches on the intangible assets commonly considered to be components of IC, such as the issue of functional stupidity, knowledge management, or resource theory. As a result of the analysis of features and characteristics of SC, the author concludes that SC is responsible for the efficient use of relational capital and human capital potential and thus is a strategic factor shaping IC as a source of achieved competitive advantage. The topic has important practical implications because by confirming the strategic role of SC, indicates the sources of effective creation of IC and its potential. The discussion also identifies directions for further research on this issue, especially the operationalization of IC and its analysis in organizations’ internal structures.
Arcuate Angiotensin II Increases Arterial Pressure via Coordinated Increases in Sympathetic Nerve Activity and Vasopressin Secretion
Authors: Shi Zhigang , Stornetta Daniel S. , Stornetta Ruth L. , Brooks Virginia L.
Published: December 2021

The arcuate nucleus (ArcN) is an integrative hub for the regulation of energy balance, reproduction, and arterial pressure (AP), all of which are influenced by Angiotensin II (AngII); however, the cellular mechanisms and downstream neurocircuitry are unclear. Here, we show that ArcN AngII increases AP in female rats via two phases, both of which are mediated via activation of AngII type 1 receptors (AT1aRs): initial vasopressin-induced vasoconstriction, followed by slowly developing increases in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and heart rate (HR). In male rats, ArcN AngII evoked a similarly slow increase in SNA, but the initial pressor response was variable. In females, the effects of ArcN AngII varied during the estrous cycle, with significant increases in SNA, HR, and AP occurring during diestrus and estrus, but only increased AP during proestrus. Pregnancy markedly increased the expression of AT1aR in the ArcN with parallel substantial AngII-induced increases in SNA and MAP. In both sexes, the sympathoexcitation relied on suppression of tonic ArcN sympathoinhibitory neuropeptide Y (NPY) inputs, and activation of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) projections, to the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Few or no NPY or POMC neurons expressed the AT1aR, suggesting that AngII increases AP and SNA at least in part indirectly via local interneurons, which express tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and VGat (i.e., GABAergic). ArcN TH neurons release GABA locally, and central AT1aR and TH neurons mediate stress responses; therefore, we propose that TH AT1aR neurons are well situated to locally coordinate the regulation of multiple modalities within the ArcN in response to stress.
Category-Biased Neural Representations Form Spontaneously during Learning That Emphasizes Memory for Specific Instances
Authors: Ashby Stefania R. , Zeithamova Dagmar
Published: December 2021

Category learning, learning to sort a set of stimuli into categories or groups, can induce category biases in perception such that items in the same category are perceived as more similar than items from different categories. To what degree category bias develops when learning goals emphasize individuation of each stimulus and whether the bias emerges spontaneously during learning itself rather than in response to task demands is unclear. Here, we used functional MRI (fMRI) during encoding to test for category biases in neural representations of individual stimuli during learning. Human participants (males and females) encountered face-blend stimuli with unique first names and shared family names that indicated category membership. Participants were instructed to learn the full name for each face. Neural pattern classification and pattern similarity analyses were used to track category information in the brain. Results showed that stimulus category could be decoded during encoding across many frontal, parietal, and occipital regions. Furthermore, two stimuli from the same category were represented more similarly in the prefrontal cortex than two stimuli from different categories equated for physical similarity. These findings illustrate that a mere presence of category label can bias neural representations spontaneously during encoding to emphasize category-relevant information, even in the absence of explicit categorization demands and when category-irrelevant information remains relevant for task goals.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTEntities belonging to the same category are perceived as being more similar than entities belonging to different categories. Here, we show that neural representations highlighting category-relevant information form spontaneously during encoding. Notably, the presence of a category label led to neural category bias although participants focused on remembering individual stimuli and category-irrelevant stimulus features remained important for explicit task goals. These results may inform our understanding of bias in general and suggest that bias may emerge when category information is present even when one's explicit focus is on individuals.
The Role of Political Parties in Supporting the Process of Democratic Consolidation
Authors: Alquraan Sultan Naser Fares , Adouse Haytham
Published: December 2021

This study identifies the role of Jordanian political parties in supporting the process of democratic consolidation and in solving the problems and challenges that block the process of democratic transformation. It used a cross-sectional design depending on statistics and analytics, whereby 497 male and female students were selected from three departments of the recruited colleges. Data were collected through a questionnaire, with a reliability score of 0.92 (Cronbach’s alpha). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, univariate analysis, and multiple contrast tests were used to analyze the data. Findings from the study indicated that the role of Jordanian political parties in entrenching the process of democratic transformation and in solving problems and challenging procedures was partially performed. The obtained p-value of 0.00 indicates that political parties play a significant role in dealing with democratic challenges at behavioral, attitudinal, and constitutional levels.
How the Pandemic Made Sensory Power Visible
Authors: Isin Engin
Published: December 2021

During the COVID-19 pandemic, three long-established forms of power—sovereign, disciplinary, and regulatory—have been conspicuously deployed around the world, as seen in lockdowns, quarantines, and behavioral rules. The pandemic has also revealed a fourth form of power: sensory power, which emerged with the rapid evolution of sensing and surveillance technologies. The data collected by tracking and tracing constitutes a planetary ecosystem for governing people. Whether this leads to digital dictatorships or digital democracies, the growth of sensory power will change the relationship between states and citizens in the twenty-first century.
Global Security Entanglement and the Mobility Paradox
Authors: Adamson Fiona B. , Greenhill Kelly M.
Published: December 2021

The world today is profoundly interconnected, but also characterized by ongoing national competition and intra-state conflict. At the nexus of these dynamics is the question of cross-border mobility, which cuts through and connects myriad, disparate areas of “entangled” security—from pandemics to climate change, to conflict and military engagement, to challenges to democracies in the form of internal polarization and external threats. The COVID-19 pandemic provides a striking illustration of this “global security entanglement” in action. This essay presents the concept of security entanglement, illustrates how it operates, and explores some of its theoretical and practical implications.
Spatial distribution of atmospheric oil and natural gas volatile organic compounds in the Northern Colorado Front Range
Authors: Rossabi Samuel , Hueber Jacques , Wang Wei , Milmoe Pam , Helmig Detlev
Published: December 2021

Methane and nonmethane volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were monitored near Boulder in the Northern Colorado Front Range to investigate their spatial distribution and sources as a part of the Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Experiment (FRAPPE) and the Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) campaign, in summer 2014. A particular emphasis was the study of the contribution of emissions from oil and natural gas (O&NG) operations on the regional air quality. One network extended along an elevation gradient from the City of Boulder (elevation ≈1,600 m) to the University of Colorado Mountain Research Station (≈2900 m) on the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains. Light alkane petroleum hydrocarbons had the highest mole fraction of the VOCs that could be analyzed with the applied techniques. The longer lived VOCs ethane and propane decreased with increasing elevation, suggesting that Boulder and the surrounding plains were a source of these anthropogenic compounds. VOC diurnal time series showed a few events with elevated mole fractions at the mountain sites, which were likely the result of the upslope transport of plumes with elevated VOCs from the plains. Within the other site network, which extended into suburban East Boulder County (EBC), VOCs were monitored at 5 sites increasingly close to O&NG development in the Denver Julesburg Basin. Mean mole fractions and variability of primarily O&NG-associated VOCs (ethane, propane, butane isomers) increased by a factor of 2.4–5.2 with closer proximity to the O&NG producing region. Median mole fractions of C2–C5 n-alkanes and of imuch-butane at the EBC sites were higher than those previously reported from 28 larger urban areas in the United States. Among the VOCs that could be quantified with the gas chromatography methods, VOCs most clearly associated to O&NG-related emissions (C2–C5 alkanes) accounted for 52%–79% of the VOC hydroxyl radical reactivity (OHR). The horizontal gradient in OHR of the considered VOCs, with ≈3 times higher values at the furthest eastern sites, points toward higher chemical reactivity and ozone production potential from these ozone precursors in the eastern area of the county than within the City of Boulder.
Pituitary tumors and the risk of other malignancies: is the relationship coincidental or causal?
Authors: Pekic Sandra , Stojanovic Marko , Popovic Vera
Published: December 2021

Pituitary adenomas are benign neoplasms of the pituitary. The most prevalent are prolactinomas and non-functioning pituitary adenomas, followed by growth hormone- and ACTH-secreting adenomas. Most pituitary adenomas seem to be sporadic and their persistent growth is very atypical. No molecular markers predict their behavior. The occurrence of pituitary adenomas and malignancies in the same patient can be either pure coincidence or caused by shared underlying genetic susceptibility involved in tumorigenesis. Detailed family history on cancers/tumors in the first, second and third generation of family members on each side of the family has been reported in a few studies. They found an association of pituitary tumors with positive family history for breast, lung and colorectal cancer. We have reported that in about 50% of patients with pituitary adenomas, an association with positive family history for cancer has been found independent of secretory phenotype (acromegaly, prolactinoma, Cushingʼs disease or non-functioning pituitary adenomas). We also found earlier onset of pituitary tumors (younger age at diagnosis of pituitary tumors) in patients with a strong family history of cancer. In our recent unpublished series of 1300 patients with pituitary adenomas, 6.8% of patients were diagnosed with malignancy. The latency period between the diagnosis of pituitary adenoma and cancer was variable, and in 33% of patients, it was longer than 5 years. Besides the inherited trophic mechanisms (shared underlying genetic variants), the potential influence of shared complex epigenetic influences (environmental and behavioral factors – obesity, smoking, alcohol intake and insulin resistance) is discussed. Further studies are needed to better understand if patients with pituitary adenomas are at increased risk for cancer.
Cancer-associated adipocytes release FUCA2 to promote aggressiveness in TNBC
Authors: Liu Qun , Dong Hui-ting , Zhao Tingting , Yao Fan , Xu Yingying , Chen Bo , Wu Yunfei , Jin Feng , Xing Peng
Published: December 2021

Cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) have been suggested to promote tumor progression. Yet, the role of CAAs in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is poorly investigated. We compared the expression of secretory protein-encoding genes in CAAs and control adipocytes. The effect of key secretory protein(s) on TNBC cell behaviors was explored. CAAs expressed and secreted FUCA2 at greater levels than control adipocytes. When FUCA2 activity was blocked with a neutralizing antibody, TNBC cell proliferation and migration induced by CAA-conditioned medium was impaired. In contrast, supplement of exogenous FUCA2 protein reinforced the proliferation, colony formation, and migration of TNBC cells. In vivo studies confirmed that FUCA2 exposure enhanced tumorigenesis and metastasis of TNBC cells. Mechanistic investigation revealed that FUCA2 induced TNBC aggressiveness through TM9SF3-dependent signaling. Depletion of TM9SF3 blocked CAA- and FUCA2-induced TNBC cell proliferation and migration. Compared to adjacent breast tissues, TNBC tissues had increased expression of TM9SF3. Moreover, high TM9SF3 expression was associated with advanced TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and shorter overall survival of TNBC patients. Altogether, CAAs secrete FUCA2 to promote TNBC growth and metastasis through interaction with TM9SF3. Inhibition of TM9SF3 may represent a potential therapeutic strategy in the treatment of TNBC.
β-Catenin activation and illicit receptor expression in adrenocortical cells
Authors: Le Mestre Julie , Thomas Michaël , Duparc Céline , Val Pierre , Bures Clémence , Tuech Jean-Jacques , Sabourin Jean-Christophe , Baert-Desurmont Stéphanie , Lefebvre Hervé , Louiset Estelle
Published: December 2021

Adrenal cortisol-producing tumors can express illicit membrane receptors such as luteinizing hormone (LH), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) or type 4 and 7 serotonin (5-HT4/7) receptors. Abnormal expression of the LH receptor (LH-R) has been ascribed to the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in adrenocortical cells. In the present study, we have investigated whether β-catenin activation may also trigger the illegitimate expression of GIP and 5-HT receptors. Three models of β-catenin activation in adrenocortical cells were used: an APC-mutated adrenocortical tumor, human-transfected adrenocortical cells and genetically modified mouse adrenal glands. The methods employed include quantitative reverse transcription PCR, immunohistochemistry and measurement of cortisol secretion by cultured tumor cells. Abnormal expression of the GIP, 5-HT7and LH receptors was observed in the APC-mutated adrenocortical tumor tissue. In addition, GIP, 5-HT and human chorionic gonadotropin stimulated cortisol production from tumor cells in primary culture. Conversely, only the LHCGR was upregulated in human and mouse adrenocortical cells harboring the activation of β-catenin. Moreover, LH-R immunoreactivity was detected in clusters of zona fasciculata cells in the β-catenin-activated mouse model. Our data indicate that activation of the β-catenin signaling pathway can promote the illicit expression of functional LH-Rs in adrenal zona fasciculata cells but does not favor the abnormal expression of GIP and 5-HT receptors.
Thyroid hormone-dependent regulation of metabolism and heart regeneration
Authors: Ross Ines , Omengan Denzel B , Huang Guo N , Payumo Alexander Y
Published: December 2021

While adult zebrafish and newborn mice possess a robust capacity to regenerate their hearts, this ability is generally lost in adult mammals. The logic behind the diversity of cardiac regenerative capacity across the animal kingdom is not well understood. We have recently reported that animal metabolism is inversely correlated to the abundance of mononucleated diploid cardiomyocytes in the heart, which retain proliferative and regenerative potential. Thyroid hormones are classical regulators of animal metabolism, mitochondrial function, and thermogenesis, and a growing body of scientific evidence demonstrates that these hormonal regulators also have direct effects on cardiomyocyte proliferation and maturation. We propose that thyroid hormones dually control animal metabolism and cardiac regenerative potential through distinct mechanisms, which may represent an evolutionary tradeoff for the acquisition of endothermy and loss of heart regenerative capacity. In this review, we describe the effects of thyroid hormones on animal metabolism and cardiomyocyte regeneration and highlight recent reports linking the loss of mammalian cardiac regenerative capacity to metabolic shifts occurring after birth.
The Role of China’s Teaching Research System in Promoting Evidence-based Reform in Education: A Case Study of Jiangsu Province
Authors: Zhou Shike
Published: December 2021

Teaching research system is a unique professional community of education and teaching research in China. It is an important driving and leading force in promoting evidence-based reform in education in China. Using fifteen-year exploration of evidence-based reform in education in Jiangsu Province as a case, this paper presents the ways and characteristics of evidence-based reform in education in China, with a focused analysis of the role of teaching research system in the reform. Despite its uniqueness, China’s evidence-based reform in education can still contribute experience to its world counterpart.
On extension of Donsker–Prokhorov invariance principle
Authors: Zemlys Vaidotas
Published: December 2021

The extension of Donsker–Prokhorov invariance principle for two-dimensional parameter summation process in Hölder space is provided for the case of independent non-identically distributed random variables.
Osculatings hyperquadrics
Authors: Navickis Kazimieras
Published: December 2021

In this article the linear systems of osculating hyperquadrics are considered which are intrinsically defined by the distribution of flags on grassmannians Gr(m, n) of the affine space An.
A methodology to transform business goals and objectives into software requirements
Authors: Čaplinskas Albertas
Published: December 2021

The paper proposes a methodologyhow to transform business goals and objectives into supportingsoftware requirements. The proposed approach is based on ideas beyond the Zachman’s framework. However both lines and columns of the Zachman’s framework are interpreted in quite different way. The left column of the proposed framework is Why column. At the top level it describes business goals and objectives. Other columns are interpreted in the way allowing formulating requirements that step-by-step can be flowdown into detailed and measurable software requirements. For example, the Who column associates business goals  and subgoals with the particular roles (positions) that in some way contribute to their implementation and for each role describes performing business tasks. User interface requirements and usability requirements are derived later from this information. The main advantage of the proposed methodology is the possibility to ensure better strategic alignment of software requirements.
Decomposition of the Sources of Real Exchange Rate Misalignment in Egypt: Evidence from the ARDL Model
Authors: Hosni Rana
Published: December 2021

This paper examines the behavior of the real exchange rate in Egypt over the period 1965–2018 by attempting to pursue three interrelated purposes. The first is to investigate the extent of deviations between the actual exchange rate and its equilibrium level and illustrate the magnitude of any currency misalignments. The second is to search for the different phases of over- and undervaluation of the local currency and explain the accompanying economic policies and/or factors leading to them. The third and ultimate purpose is to explore the role of transitory and permanent factors in deviating the actual real exchange rate from its equilibrium level. Understanding these factors should help in the design of economic policies directed to address the misalignment of the local currency. An autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound test approach is used and conducted for both the bilateral and effective real exchange rates to achieve these three purposes during the selected period. To derive the equilibrium exchange rate estimate, the behavioral equilibrium exchange rate (BEER) approach is adopted. The findings reveal that the Egyptian pound was misaligned from its equilibrium value during most of the examined period. The results confirm the relative importance of the terms of trade and degree of openness variables in determining the equilibrium real exchange rate in Egypt followed by investment ratio and government consumption variables. The local currency witnessed a recent phase of overvaluation, which began in 2009, until the free float of the local currency in November 2016, after which, the Egyptian pound was found to have experienced a new phase of undervaluation till the end of the period examined. The findings show a considerable relative impact of fundamental-based factors over a prolonged period spanning from 1986 to 2003 and at the end of the period examined as well. Moreover, the documented results lend general support to the fact that both permanent or fundamental-based factors and short-run shocks prove to be important influential factors impacting currency misalignment in Egypt.