bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Both NK Cell–Intrinsic and –Extrinsic STAT1 Signaling Are Required for NK Cell Response against Vaccinia Virus
Authors: Fortin Carl , Huang Xiaopei , Yang Yiping
Published: June 2013

NK cells play an important role in innate immune control of the infection with vaccinia virus (VV). However, it remains incompletely defined how the activation of NK cells in response to VV is regulated. In this study, we showed that STAT1 was critical for NK cell activation upon VV infection and the subsequent clearance of VV infection in vivo. We further demonstrated that STAT1 signaling in both NK and accessory cells such as dendritic cells was required for efficient NK cell activation upon VV infection. Mechanistically, STAT1 signaling in dendritic cells promoted the expression of NKG2D ligands, which is required for NK cell activation via the NKG2D pathway. Taken together, our data suggest that STAT1 mediates anti-VV effect by promoting NK cell activation through both NK-intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms and may provide insights into the design of effective NK cell–based therapies for viral infections.
Structural Evaluation of a Mimicry-Recognizing Paratope: Plasticity in Antigen–Antibody Interactions Manifests in Molecular Mimicry
Authors: Tapryal Suman , Gaur Vineet , Kaur Kanwal J. , Salunke Dinakar M.
Published: June 2013

Molecular mimicry manifests antagonistically with respect to the specificity of immune recognition. However, it often occurs because different Ags share surface topologies in terms of shape or chemical nature. It also occurs when a flexible paratope accommodates dissimilar Ags by adjusting structural features according to the antigenic epitopes or differential positioning in the Ag combining site. Toward deciphering the structural basis of molecular mimicry, mAb 2D10 was isolated from a maturing immune response elicited against methyl α-d-mannopyranoside and also bound equivalently to a dodecapeptide. The physicochemical evidence of this carbohydrate–peptide mimicry in the case of mAb 2D10 had been established earlier. These studies had strongly suggested direct involvement of a flexible paratope in the observed mimicry. Surprisingly, comparison of the Ag-free structure of single-chain variable fragment 2D10 with those bound to sugar and peptide Ags revealed a conformationally invariant state of the Ab while binding to chemically and structurally disparate Ags. This equivalent binding of the two dissimilar Ags was through mutually independent interactions, demonstrating functional equivalence in the absence of structural correlation. Thus, existence of a multispecific, mature Ab in the secondary immune response was evident, as was the plasticity in the interactions while accommodating topologically diverse Ags. Although our data highlight the structural basis of receptor multispecificity, they also illustrate mechanisms adopted by the immune system to neutralize the escape mutants generated during pathogenic insult.
Naturally Occurring ERAP1 Haplotypes Encode Functionally Distinct Alleles with Fine Substrate Specificity
Authors: Reeves Emma , Edwards Christopher J. , Elliott Tim , James Edward
Published: June 2013

Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) trims peptides for MHC class I presentation, influencing the degree and specificity of CD8+ T cell responses. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the exons encoding ERAP1 are associated with autoimmune diseases and cervical carcinoma, but it is not known whether they act independently or as disease-associated haplotypes. We sequenced ERAP1 from 20 individuals and show that single-nucleotide polymorphisms occur as distinct haplotypes in the human population and that these haplotypes encode functionally distinct ERAP1 alleles. Using a wide range of substrates, we are able to demonstrate that for any given substrate distinct ERAP1 alleles can be “normal,” “hypofunctional,” or “hyperfunctional” and that each allele has a trend bias toward one of these three activities. Thus, the repertoire of peptides presented at the cell surface for recognition by CTL is likely to depend on the precise combination of both MHC class I and ERAP1 alleles expressed within an individual, and has important implications for predisposition to disease.
Cameron River and Beaulieu River volcanic belts of the archean Yellowknife supergroup, District of Mackenzie, Northwest Territories
Authors: Lambert M B
Published: June 2013

The Cameron River and Beaulieu River volcanic belts represent Archean volcanoes deformed around granitoid basement of the Sleepy Dragon Complex. They comprise dominantly(70-85 %) tholeiitic basalt pillow lavas and breccias and lesser amounts of calc-alkaline
andesites, felsic lavas, domes and tuffs. Local strongly bimodal successions contain almost equal amounts of basalt and rhyolite. Amphibolite dykes and sills form profuse swarms in both the volcanic and adjacent granitoid basement. They reflect extensive fracture systems in the sialic crust, were
conduits feeding enormous volumes of surface lavas, and form an integral part of the stratigraphy in the Cameron River belt. Compositions of volcanic units evolved with time from mafic tholeiites to felsic calc-alkaline rocks. Eruptions commenced with voluminous fissure eruptions of basaltic pillow
lavas. Without major breaks in volcanic activity, eruptive style changed to central eruptions that locally built emergent piles and culminated with explosive eruption of ash-flow tuffs. The waning stages of volcanism saw the rise of rhyolite domes and some eruptions of basalt. The volcanic belts
could have developed in less than one million
years. Structural and magmatic events where the Cameron-Beaulieu volcanic belts developed, involved (1) extension of submerged sialic crust, emplacement of mafic dykes, volcanism, and diachronous sedimentation; (2) deformation of supracrustals by horizontal shortening and thrusting; (3) metamorphism
that peaked at amphibolite grade during major fold deformation; (4) granitic plutonism from the late stages ofvolcanism, through post-deformation by folding, and (?) uplift of granitic basement into deforming supracrustals; (5) mild regional shortening and folding; (6) emplacement of Proterozoic
dykes; and (7) wrench faulting that postdated all the previous volcanic and structural events.
Real Hypersurfaces in Complex Two-Plane Grassmannians with Reeb Parallel Structure Jacobi Operator
Authors: Jeong Imsoon , Kim Seonhui , Jin Suh Young
Published: June 2013

In this paper we give a characterization of a real hypersurface of Type (A) in complex two-plane GrassmanniansG2(ℂm+2), which means a tube over a totally geodesicG2(ℂm+1) inG2(ℂm+2), by means of the Reeb parallel structure Jacobi operator ∇εRε= 0.
Towards a Casa Segura: A Consumer Product Study of the Effect of Insecticide-Treated Curtains on Aedes aegypti and Dengue Virus Infections in the Home
Authors: Loroño-Pino María Alba , García-Rejón Julián E. , Machain-Williams Carlos , Gomez-Carro Salvador , Nuñez-Ayala Guadalupe , del Rosario Nájera-Vázquez Maria , Losoya Arturo , Aguilar Lyla , Saavedra-Rodriguez Karla , Lozano-Fuentes Saul , Beaty Meaghan K. , Black William C. , Keefe Thomas J. , Eisen Lars , Beaty Barry J.
Published: June 2013

The home, or domicile, is the principal environment for transmission of dengue virus (DENV) between humans and mosquito vectors. Community-wide distribution of insecticide-treated curtains (ITCs), mimicking vector control program-driven interventions, has shown promise to reduce DENV infections. We conducted a Casa Segura consumer product intervention study in Mérida, Mexico to determine the potential to reduce intradomicillary DENV transmission through ITC use in individual homes. Dengue virus infections in mosquitoes and in humans were reduced in homes with ITCs in one of two study subareas. Overall, ITCs reduced intradomicillary DENV transmission; ITC homes were significantly less likely to experience multiple DENV infections in humans than NTC homes. Dengue virus–infected Aedes aegypti females were reduced within the ITC homes where curtain use was highest. Some homes yielded up to nine infected Ae. aegypti females. This study provides insights regarding best practices for Casa Segura interventions to protect homes from intradomicillary DENV transmission.
The Lived Experience of Diagnosis Delivery in Motor Neurone Disease: A Sociological-Phenomenological Study
Authors: Pavey Amanda , Allen-Collinson Jacquelyn , Pavey Toby
Published: June 2013

Relatively few previous studies of individuals receiving a diagnosis of Motor Neurone Disease within the UK health care system have employed qualitative approaches to examine the diagnostic journey from a patient perspective. A qualitative sociological study was undertaken, involving interviews with 42 participants diagnosed with MND, to provide insight into their experiences of undergoing testing and receiving a diagnosis. Adopting a sociological-phenomenological perspective, this article examines key themes that emerged from participant accounts surrounding the lived experience of the diagnostic journey. The key themes that emerged were: The diagnostic quest; living with uncertainty; hearing bad news; communication difficulties; and a reified body of medical interest.

In general, doctor-patient communication both at pre and post diagnosis was experienced as highly stressful, distressing and profoundly upsetting. Participants reported such distress as being due to the mode of delivery and communication strategies used by health professionals. We therefore suggest that professional training needs to emphasize the importance to health professionals of fostering greater levels of tact, sensitivity and empathy towards patients diagnosed with devastating, life-limiting illnesses such as MND.
Bodies in a Frame: Black British, Working Class, Teenage Femininity and the Role of the Dance Class
Authors: Stanger Camilla
Published: June 2013

Historically the working class, black, female body has been defined by its sexuality and socially constructed as an object for heterosexual consumption; this article is concerned with how this manifests itself for young British women in educational settings today. I will argue that this historical bodily construction has been compounded for young women in this context by a contemporary popular culture which frames, glamorises and hetero-sexualises black female bodies. Drawing on the work of Judith Butler and Michel Foucault, I will suggest that girls who perform a Black British, working-class femininity play a central role in their own construction as hetero-sexualised and consequently passive bodies, through an internalisation of and performance for a heterosexual ‘gaze’ within various spaces of the urban, post-16 college. This article ultimately focuses, however, on the potential for resistance. Based on research conducted into the experiences of four dance students at an inner London post-16 college, I will explore the dance class as a potential space for resisting the debilitating heterosexual gaze enacted within the public spaces of the college. I will argue that the dance class can be a space where the student can reconstruct and reproduce her own body in a way that grants it agency, rather than objectifying it within a metaphorical frame.
Modelling a quantitative ensilability index adapted to forages from wet temperate areas
Authors: Martinez-Fernandez A. , Soldado A. , De-la-Roza-Delgado B. , Vicente F. , Gonzalez-Arrojo M. A. , Argamenteria A.
Published: June 2013

Forage ensilability mainly depends on dry matter (DM), water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and buffer capacity (BC) values at harvest time. According to these parameters, and based on a collection of 208 forages of known ensilability characteristics including short and long term meadows for grazing, italian ryegrass, maize, triticale, soybean, faba bean crops, and samples coming from cereal-legume associations, the objective of this study has been to define a quantitative ensilability index (EI) based on a relationship between DM, WSC and BC contents at harvest date, adapted to the characteristics of fodder from wet temperate areas. For this purpose, a discriminant procedure was used to define this EI based on a linear combination of DM, WSC and BC of forages at harvest time. The quantitative calculated indexes distinguish five successive ranges of ensilability: high ensilability (EI>+28), medium high ensilability (+9<EI<+28), medium ensilability (-28<EI< +9), medium low ensilability (-47<EI<-28) and low ensilability (EI<-47). This quantitative index was externally evaluated and 100% of samples were successfully classified.
Evaluation of repeated biodisinfestation using Brassica carinata pellets to control Meloidogyne incognita in protected pepper crops
Authors: Guerrero-Díaz M. M. , Lacasa-Martínez C. M. , Hernández-Piñera A. , Martínez-Alarcón V. , Lacasa-Plasencia A.
Published: June 2013

The nematode Meloidogyne incognita is responsible for substantial losses in greenhouse-grown peppers in south-eastern Spain. This study evaluates the use of biodisinfestation (BS) (organic amendment + solarisation) as an alternative to using methyl bromide (MB) over three consecutive years to control the nematode in greenhouse conditions. Brassica carinata (BP) pellets or B. carinata (BP) + fresh sheep manure (M) were evaluated in treatments which began on two different dates (August and October) and the results were compared with MB-disinfested and untreated controls. During the third year, the gall index for BP was lower than that obtained for BP+M and in the August treatment than in the October treatment. The commercial crop of pepper fruit obtained with the biodisinfestation treatments begun in August was similar to or higher than that obtained with MB, and higher than that obtained with both October biodisinfestation treatments. The yield of the October biodisinfestation treatments was higher than that of the untreated one. In August of all the years studied, the accumulated exposure times were greater than the thresholds required to kill M. incognita populations at 15 cm depth. The incidence of the nematode did not correspond to the reduction achieved during solarisation, and seemed to increase during the crop cycle. Further studies should look at why high temperatures do not produce a sustained reduction in the populations of Meloidogyne incognita.
Summer deficit irrigation in a hedgerow olive orchard cv. Arbequina: relationship between soil and tree water status, and growth and yield components
Authors: Gómez-del-Campo M.
Published: June 2013

Stem water potential (Phi-stem) is a useful tool for irrigation scheduling in tree crops, provided threshold values for growth and production are determined for each physiological period. Four irrigation treatments were evaluated in a hedgerow olive orchard. Control (CON) was irrigated using soil water sensors to maintain the root zone close to field capacity. Severe water deficits were applied by irrigating at 30% CON from end of fruit drop to end of July (DI-J) or from end of July until beginning of oil synthesis (DI-A). Less severe water deficit was applied in July and August by irrigating at 50% CON (DI-JA). Continuous measures of soil moisture, Phi-stem and shoot length were recorded in all treatments. Fruit dry weight and oil content were measured at the end of the experimental period and at harvest. Relative extractable soil water to 0.8 m depth (REW) and Phi-stem were highly correlated and influenced by irrigation treatment. Shoot growth, fruit characteristics and oil production were correlated to Phi-stem. Shoot growth was reduced by 50% relative to CON by irrigating at Phi-stem of -1.3 MPa. Fruit dry matter and oil content (g fruit-1) were linearly reduced as mean summer Phi-stem decreased. Oil production was highly related with Phi-stem in August but not in July. Water can be saved in July by irrigating at Phi-stem of -2.9 MPa but Phi-stem should be maintained higher than -2.0 MPa in August to prevent decrease of oil production.
Genetic diversity among Juglans regia L. genotypes assessed by morphological traits and microsatellite markers
Authors: Mahmoodi R. , Rahmani F. , Rezaee R.
Published: June 2013

In this study, genetic diversity was assayed among 16 accessions and five cultivars of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) using morphological traits and nine simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Samples were collected from Agriculture Research Center of Urmia city (North West Iran). Study on important morphological traits revealed genetic similarity of -0.6 to 0.99 based on CORR coefficient. The microsatellite marker system produced 34 alleles in range of 160-290 bp. The minimum (2) and maximum (7) number of alleles were obtained from WGA71 and WGA202 genetic loci, respectively. The mean number of alleles per locus was 4.25. Jaccard’s similarity coefficient ranged from 0.13 to 0.76. The results of this paper indicate high diversity among these genotypes which could be used for breeding management.
Soil management in rainfed olive orchards may result in conflicting effects on olive production and soil fertility
Authors: Ferreira I. Q. , Arrobas M. , Claro A. M. , Rodrigues M. A.
Published: June 2013

The adoption of a sustainable soil management system is essential for the steep slopes and low fertility soils still supporting rainfed olive orchards in the Mediterranean basin. The effect of the soil management on olive yield, tree nutritional status and soil fertility was studied in a rainfed olive orchard located in NE Portugal that had been managed since its earliest days as a sheep-walk. In 2001, three different soil management systems were established: Sheep-walk, in which the vegetation was managed with a flock of sheep; Tillage, where the vegetation was controlled by conventional tillage; and Glyphosate, where a glyphosate-based herbicide was applied. The soil management systems had a pronounced effect on olive yield. The accumulated olive yields between 2002 and 2011 were 187.2, 142.9 and 89.5 kg tree-1, respectively in the Glyphosate, Tillage and Sheep-walk treatments. However, the effect of soil management on tree nutritional status was not so clear. On the other hand, the pools of organic carbon and N in the soil, and also the soil available N and phosphorus (P), were found to be less in the Glyphosate and Tillage treatments in comparison with the Sheep-walk. In these soils, N appeared as a much more limiting factor for crop growth than P. In rainfed orchards, the tolerance to herbaceous vegetation appears to be a determining factor in sustainability, which regulates annual crop yields and soil fertility. The higher the tolerance to herbaceous species, the lower the olive yields, but the better are the soil fertility parameters.
Endozoochorus seed dispersal by goats: recovery, germinability and emergence of five Mediterranean shrub species
Authors: Grande D. , Mancilla-Leytón J. M. , Delgado-Pertiñez M. , Martín-Vicente A.
Published: June 2013

Herbivores can play an important role as seed dispersal vectors, ungulates constituting potential seed dispersal agents of Mediterranean grasses and shrubs. We evaluated the role of domestic goats as seed dispersers of five representative Mediterranean forage shrub species (Cistus albidus L., Phillyrea angustifolia L., Calicotome villosa (Poir.) Link., Rhamnus lycioides L. and Atriplex halimus L.). Following seed ingestion by goats, total faeces were collected at 24-h intervals for five days. The total number of seeds recovered varied among species, with R. lycioides showing the minimum recovery percentage (1.3%) and C. albidus (35.8%), the maximum. Seed recovery was significantly related to seed hardness and length. In most species, the maximum amount of seeds recovered occurred 48-72 h after ingestion. The passage through the goat gut significantly depressed seed germination in C. albidus, C. villosa and A. halimus; inhibited it in R. lycioides and increased it in P. angustifolia. Seedling emergence was significantly lower in intact dung pellets than in broken-down ones, and both significantly lower than in uneaten seeds (control). The results of this study show that goats can potentially favor or inhibit seed dispersal of browsed Mediterranean shrub species. Therefore, goat grazing could be a potential management tool for expanding target shrub species populations or preventing shrub encroachment in undesired areas.
What comes first, origin or production method? An investigation into the relative importance of different attributes in the demand for eggs
Authors: Lopez-Galan B. , Gracia A. , Barreiro-Hurle J.
Published: June 2013

This paper analyses consumer preferences for different eggs attributes to assess the importance placed by consumers on the origin and method of production when shopping. The data comes from an experiment conducted in Spain during 2009. An Error Component Random Parameter Logit model is used to estimate the effect of different eggs characteristics on consumers’ utility and derive their willingness to pay. Results suggest that consumers positively value the free-range and organic method of production and the local and regional origin and that they are willing to pay an additional € 0.85 for each package of six free-range or organic eggs, € 0.77 for locally produced and € 0.27 for regional produced eggs. Hence, the least valued eggs for consumers are those produced in cages and outside the region. Relative to this product, the highest willingness to pay corresponds to free-range or organic eggs followed by locally produced eggs and finally, by the regional eggs. Thus, we can conclude that Spanish consumers give more importance when shopping for eggs to the method of production than to the origin of production.
Influence of Terrorist Activities on Financial Markets: Evidence from KSE
Authors: Bashir Usman , Inam-ul-Haq - , Gillani Syed Muhammmad Ahmad Hassan
Published: June 2013

This paper investigates the influence of terrorist activities taking place in Pakistan on the KSE (Karachi Stock Exchange) for the period of 01/2005 to 12/2010 using the GARCH & GARCH- EVT to identify the relationship between these two variables; the study establishes that terrorist activities adversely affect the financial markets and in the case of KSE, it is a highly significant relation. The reason why the negative relationship exists is because of the foremost increase in the number of terrorism attacks in Pakistan.
MEDIDAS DE DESEMPENHO E EFICIÊNCIA, CARACTERÍSTICAS DA CARCAÇA MENSURADAS POR ULTRASSONOGRAFIA E O CONSUMO ALIMENTAR RESIDUAL DE OVINOS
Authors: Ferraz Evaristo de Paula Edson , Gomes Monteiro Alda Lúcia , Prado Odilei Rogério , Cosmo Tiago Rafael , Santos Teixeira Junior Nelson , Kulik Carlos Henrique , De Almeida Teixeira Rodrigo
Published: June 2013

Avaliou-se o consumo alimentar residual (CAR) de 13 cordeiros visando o estímulo das correlações entre essa variável com medidas de desempenho e eficiência e características da carcaça e a verificação de diferenças em animais classificados pelo CAR (alto ou baixo). Após 25 dias de adaptação, os ovinos permaneceram confinados por 70 dias para mensuração do consumo de matéria seca (CMS) e foram pesados a cada 14 dias para obtenção do ganho de peso diário (GPD). Foram considerados o peso vivo inicial (PVI), peso vivo final (PVF), peso metabólico (PM), GPD, conversão alimentar (CA), eficiência alimentar (EA), CMS e CMS em percentual do PV (CMS%PV). As avaliações de carcaça foram realizadas por ultrassom (frequência 6 MHz). O CAR se mostrou correlacionado (p < 0,05) com o CMS (+0,60) e com o CMS%PV (+0,71). Os cordeiros de CAR baixo tiveram menor CMS%PV (p = 0,01) e tendência a apresentar menor CMS (p = 0,08). Não houve diferenças entre as classes de CAR para as variáveis GPD, PVI, PVF e PM, e os animais mais eficientes pelo CAR foram também mais eficientes pela CA e pela EA. A CA apresentou correlação (p < 0,05) com a EA (-0,99), com o GPD (-0,83) e com o PVF (-0,61). Ao contrário da CA, o CAR apresentou independência fenotípica com medidas de crescimento e tamanho corporal e também não apresentou correlações (p > 0,05) com as variáveis de carcaça estudadas. Confirmou-se o potencial do CAR como medida de eficiência alimentar para ovinos jovens em confinamento, sem prejuízos ao desempenho e ao acabamento das carcaças.
USO PERILESIONAL DE CLOROBUTANOL NO TRATAMENTO DO SARCOIDE EQUINO: RELATO DE 11 CASOS
Authors: Alberton Luiz Romulo , Tramontim Belettini Salviano , Pachaly José Ricardo , Dias Antunes da Silva Júnior Joaquim
Published: June 2013

Os sarcoides são as neoplasias cutâneas mais comuns em equinos, com fortes indícios do envolvimento de papilomavírus em sua etiologia. Os tratamentos usualmente empregados incluem quimioterapia, imunoterapia, criocirurgia, laserterapia e excisão cirúrgica. O clorobutanol é um álcool utilizado para o tratamento de papilomas em animais domésticos, especialmente bovinos. Neste estudo, utilizou-se a injeção perilesional de uma preparação comercial de clorobutanol a 50% como tratamento único em 11 cavalos acometidos por diferentes tipos de sarcoide, sendo todos os casos confirmados por exame histopatológico de material cutâneo colhido por biópsia excisional. A lesão mais frequentemente encontrada foi do tipo nodular, e a região da cabeça foi a mais acometida. Todos os pacientes com lesões únicas tiveram involução e cura da lesão. A administração perilesional de clorobutanol foi eficaz, segura e de baixo custo para o tratamento de equinos acometidos pelo sarcoide, promovendo a cura completa em 63,6% dos animais tratados.
AROEIRA (SCHINUS TEREBINTHIFOLIUS), IPÊ ROXO (TABEBUIA AVELLANEDAE) E PINHÃO MANSO (JATROPHA CURCAS) NO TRATAMENTO ORAL DA VERMINOSE GASTRINTESTINAL DE CAPRINOS
Authors: Wolupeck Hanna Lethycia , Maia Dhéri , Ollhoff Rudiger Daniel , Teixeira Valéria , Passerino Ana Silvia , Santos Sotomaior Cristina
Published: June 2013

Na caprinocultura, o controle da verminose gastrintestinal baseado na utilização sistemática de vermífugos tem suscitado altos índices de resistência parasitária, muitas vezes inviabilizando a produção. A fitoterapia pode ser uma alternativa ao tratamento químico convencional, pois, normalmente, há uma grande diversidade de moléculas encontradas em uma mesma planta, tornando a seleção de parasitos resistentes mais improvável, além de ser uma opção para os criadores que adotam o sistema orgânico de produção. Com o objetivo de avaliar a ação anti-helmíntica de plantas nativas do Brasil, por meio do teste de redução da contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG), foram testados os decoctos de folhas de aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius) e de serragem de ipê roxo (Tabebuia avellanedae) e a suspensão do resíduo da torta de sementes de pinhão manso (Jatropha curcas). Foram utilizadas 60 cabras adultas, sendo 20 animais para cada planta, dez tratados e dez como controle. Para o cálculo da redução da contagem de OPG, foram considerados os ovos de estrongilídeos dos dias zero (dia do tratamento com o fitoterápico) e dia 14. Houve redução de 31,44% no grupo-teste e 10,95% no grupo-controle para T. avellanedae. Para S. terebinthifolius, houve aumento de 17,05% no grupo teste e 85,65% no grupo controle. E, para J. curcas, aumento de 227,78% e 156,63% respectivamente, para grupo teste e controle. Considerando-se que há eficiência anti-helmíntica quando a redução da contagem de OPG for superior a 95%, conclui-se que as plantas testadas, conforme obtidas e dministradas aos animais neste experimento, não devem ser usadas como anti-helmínticos em caprinos.
Regio‐ and Stereospecific Prenylation of Flavonoids by Sophora flavescens Prenyltransferase
Authors: Chen Ridao , Liu Xiao , Zou Jianhua , Yin Yunze , Ou Bin , Li Jianhua , Wang Ruishan , Xie Dan , Zhang Peicheng , Dai Jungui
Published: June 2013

Prenylflavonoids are valuable natural products that are widely distributed in plants. They often possess divergent biological properties, including phytoestrogenic, anti‐bacterial, anti‐tumor, and anti‐diabetic activities. The reaction catalyzed by prenyltransferases represents a Friedel–Crafts alkylation of the flavonoid skeleton in the biosynthesis of natural prenylflavonoids and often contributes to the structural diversity and biological activity of these compounds. However, only a few plant flavonoid prenyltransferases have been identified thus far, and these prenyltransferases exhibit strict substrate specificity and low catalytic efficiency. In this article, a flavonoid prenyltransferase from Sophora flavescens, SfFPT, has been identified that displays high catalytic efficiency with high regiospecificity acting on C‐8 of structurally different types of flavonoid (i.e., flavanone, flavone, flavanonol, and dihydrochalcone, etc.). Furthermore, SfPFT exhibits strict stereospecificity for levorotatory flavanones to produce (2S)‐prenylflavanones. This study is the first to demonstrate the substrate promiscuity and stereospecificity of a plant flavonoid prenyltransferase in vitro. Given its substrate promiscuity and high catalytic efficiency, SfFPT can be used as an environmentally friendly and efficient biological catalyst for the regio‐ and stereospecific prenylation of flavonoids to produce bioactive compounds for potential therapeutic applications.
Tetraalkynylated and Tetraalkenylated Benzenes and Pyridines: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Ehlers Peter , Hakobyan Ani , Neubauer Antje , Lochbrunner Stefan , Langer Peter
Published: June 2013

Tetra(arylalkynyl)pyridines and tetra(arylalkenyl)pyridines and their benzene analogues were prepared by palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions from the commercially available chlorinated substrates in good to excellent yields. The photophysical properties of selected compounds were investigated and compared to each other. Very good fluorescence quantum yields were observed, especially for the pyridine derivatives.
Gold Catalysis: β‐Ketonaphthalenes via Molecular Gymnastics of 1,6‐Diyne‐4‐en‐3‐ols
Authors: Lauterbach Tobias , Arndt Sebastian , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: June 2013

1,6‐Diyne‐4‐en‐3‐ols with one terminal alkyne were applied as test substrates for a possible dual catalyzed cyclization. Instead of a dual catalysis cycle, naphthyl ketone derivatives were obtained as single products. The regioselectivity of the obtained products is unprecedented. Instead of the expected naphthyl ketones bearing the keto group in the α‐position, the keto group is positioned in the ß‐position of the naphthyl skeleton by a complex rearrangement of the starting materials.
Identification of submicroscopic genetic changes and precise breakpoint mapping in myelofibrosis using high resolution mate‐pair sequencing
Authors: Lasho Terra , Johnson Sarah H. , Smith David I. , Crispino John D. , Pardanani Animesh , Vasmatzis George , Tefferi Ayalew
Published: June 2013

We used high resolution mate‐pair sequencing (HRMPS) in 15 patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF): eight with normal karyotype and seven with PMF‐characteristic cytogenetic abnormalities, including der(6)t(1;6)(q21–23;p21.3) (n = 4), der(7)t(1;7)(q10;p10) (n = 2), del(20)(q11.2q13.3) (n = 3), and complex karyotype (n = 1). We describe seven novel deletions/translocations in five patients (including two with normal karyotype) whose breakpoints were PCR‐validated and involved MACROD2, CACNA2D4, TET2, SGMS2, LRBA, SH3D19, INTS3, FOP (CHTOP), SCLT1, and PHF17. Deletions with breakpoints involving MACROD2 (lysine deacetylase; 20p12.1) were recurrent and found in two of the 15 study patients. A novel fusion transcript was found in one of the study patients (INTS3‐CHTOP), and also in an additional non‐study patient with PMF. In two patients with der(6)t(1;6)(q21–23;p21.3), we were able to map the precise translocation breakpoints, which involved KCNN3 and GUSBP2 in one case and HYDIN2 in another. This study demonstrates the utility of HRMPS in uncovering submicroscopic deletions/translocations/fusions, and precise mapping of breakpoints in those with overt cytogenetic abnormalities. The overall results confirm the genetic heterogeneity of PMF, given the low frequency of recurrent specific abnormalities, identified by this screening strategy. Currently, we are pursuing the pathogenetic relevance of some of the aforementioned findings. Am. J. Hematol. 88:741–746, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A prospective study of the effects of breastfeeding and FADS2 polymorphisms on cognition and hyperactivity/attention problems
Authors: Groen‐Blokhuis Maria M. , Franić S. , van Beijsterveldt Catharina E.M. , de Geus Eco , Bartels Meike , Davies Gareth E. , Ehli Erik A. , Xiao Xiangjun , Scheet Paul A. , Althoff Robert , Hudziak James J. , Middeldorp Christel M. , Boomsma Dorret I.
Published: June 2013

Breastfeeding has been associated with improved cognitive functioning. There is a beneficial effect on IQ, and possibly on associated phenotypes such as attention problems. It has been suggested that the effect on IQ is moderated by polymorphisms in the FADS2 gene, which is involved in fatty acid metabolism. In this study we tested the relation between breastfeeding and FADS2 polymorphisms on the one hand and IQ, educational attainment, overactivity, and attention problems on the other hand. IQ at age 5, 7, 10, 12, and/or 18 (n = 1,313), educational attainment at age 12 (n = 1,857), overactive behavior at age 3 (n = 2,560), and attention problems assessed at age 7, 10, and 12 years (n = 2,479, n = 2,423, n = 2,226) were predicted by breastfeeding and two SNPs in FADS2 (rs174575 and rs1535). Analyses were performed using structural equation modeling. After correction for maternal education, a main effect of breastfeeding was found for educational attainment at age 12 and overactive behavior at age 3. For IQ, the effect of breastfeeding across age was marginally significant (P = 0.05) and amounted to 1.6 points after correcting for maternal education. Neither a main effect of the FADS2 polymorphisms nor an interaction with breastfeeding was detected for any of the phenotypes. This developmentally informed study confirms that breastfeeding is associated with higher educational attainment at age 12, less overactive behavior at age 3 and a trend toward higher IQ after correction for maternal education. In general, the benefits of breastfeeding were small and did not interact with SNPs in FADS2. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simulation on temperature distribution of oil palm empty fruit bunches during the microwave pyrolysis process
Authors: Hussain Siti Aslina , Bano Shaista , Yeoh Hooi Sim , Rozita Omar
Published: June 2013

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) is a plentiful agricultural waste in Malaysia, which can be further processed to increase its calorific value for fuel purposes and as a value‐added product. Microwave pyrolysis is a promising technology that can convert the EFB into bio‐oil, char and synthesis gas without cracking the EFB surface because of overheating. Computational fluid dynamics (ansysTM cfx 13.0, ANSYS, Inc. Southpointe, 275 Technology Drive, Canonsburg, PA 15317, U.S.A.) was used in a 3‐D model to predict the temperature distribution of the EFB model in a microwave‐heated reactor during the pyrolysis process. The parameters under investigation include heating source orientation, nitrogen gas flow rate, microwave power intensity and microwave absorber efficiency, which have an important role in pyrolysis optimisation. The results show that heating source orientation and nitrogen gas flow rate did not affect the EFB temperature profiles. However, microwave power intensity has a linear relationship with the EFB temperature at different microwave absorber efficiencies. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bio‐ und Geotop Einhornhöhle
Authors: Nielbock Ralf , Röhling Heinz‐Gerd
Published: June 2013

Zwischen den Städten Herzberg und Bad Lauterberg existiert ein Gebiet aus weißen Gipsgesteinen und schroffen Dolomitklippen, in denen auch die weltberühmte “Einhornhöhle” liegt. Früher wurde hier intensiv nach den angeblich heilkräftigen Einhornknochen gesucht – heute weiß man, dass die Höhle die Heimat von Höhlenbären und vielen anderen Tierarten war – und dass man noch lange nicht alle Geheimnisse der Höhle kennt.
Geruchssinn bei Schmarotzerpflanzen?
Authors: Krause Kirsten
Published: June 2013

Schmarotzerpflanzen haben sich auf das Stehlen von Nährstoffen von autotrophen Pflanzen spezialisiert. Jetzt steht fest, dass sie ihre Opfer nicht unbedingt zufällig treffen, sondern dass sie von den flüchtigen Aromastoffen der Pflanzen angelockt werden.
Mehr Flexibilität – für Wissenschaft und Kind
Authors: Birzer Tobias
Published: June 2013

ScienceMums – ein Beratungs‐ und Dienstleistungsunternehmen für Naturwissenschaften – zeigt, wie Wissenschaftlerinnen Berufstätigkeit und Kinder unter einen Hut bringen können.
Characterizing the interaction between enantiomers of eight psychoactive drugs and highly sulfated‐β‐cyclodextrin by counter‐current capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Asensi‐Bernardi Lucía , Escuder‐Gilabert Laura , Martín‐Biosca Yolanda , Sagrado Salvador , Medina‐Hernández María José
Published: June 2013

The estimation of apparent binding constants and limit mobilities of the complexes of the enantiomers that characterize the interaction of enantiomers with chiral selectors, in this case highly sulfated β‐cyclodextrin, was approached using a simple and economic electrophoretic modality, the complete filling technique (CFT) in counter‐current mode. The enantiomers of eight psychoactive drugs, four antihistamines (dimethindene, promethazine, orphenadrine and terfenadine) and four antidepressants (bupropion, fluoxetine, nomifensine and viloxazine) were separated for the first time for this cyclodextrin (CD). Estimations of thermodynamic and electrophoretic enantioselectivies were also performed. Results indicate that, in general, thermodynamic enantioselectivity is the main component explaining the high resolution found, but also one case suggests that electrophoretic enantioselectivity itself is enough to obtain a satisfactory resolution. CFT results advantageous compared with conventional capillary electrophoresis (CE) and partial filling technique (PFT) for the study of the interaction between drugs and chiral selectors. It combines the use of a simple fitting model (as in CE), when the enantiomers do not exit the chiral selector plug during the separation (i.e. mobility of electroosmotic flow larger than mobility of CD), and drastic reduction of the consumption (and cost; ~99.7%) of the CD reagent (as in PFT) compared with the conventional CE. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, and HER‐2 molecular status in brain metastases from 77 NSCLC patients
Authors: Villalva Claire , Duranton‐Tanneur Valérie , Guilloteau Karline , Burel‐Vandenbos Fanny , Wager Michel , Doyen Jérôme , Levillain Pierre Marie , Fontaine Denys , Blons Hélène , Pedeutour Florence , Karayan‐Tapon Lucie
Published: June 2013

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, and HER‐2 mutations in brain metastases from non‐small cell lung carcinomas (BM‐NSCLC). A total of 77 samples of BM‐NSCLC were included and 19 samples of BM from breast, kidney, and colorectal tumors were also studied as controls. These samples were collected from patients followed between 2008 and 2011 at Poitiers and Nice University Hospitals in France. The frequencies of EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, and HER‐2 mutations in BM‐NSCLC were 2.6, 38.5, 0, and 0% respectively. The incidence of KRAS mutation was significantly higher in female and younger patients (P < 0.05). No mutations of the four genes were found in BM from breast or kidney. However, among six BM from colorectal tumors, we identified KRAS mutations in three cases and BRAF mutations in two other cases. This study is the largest analysis on genetic alterations in BM‐NSCLC performed to date. Our results suggest a low frequency of EGFR mutations in BM‐NSCLC whereas KRAS mutations are as frequent in BM‐NSCLC as in primitive NSCLC. These results raise the question of the variability of the brain metastatic potential of NSCLC cells in relation to the mutation pattern.
The current state of medical simulation in interventional cardiology: A clinical document from the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Intervention's (SCAI) Simulation Committee
Authors: Green Sandy M. , Klein Andrew J. , Pancholy Samir , Rao Sunil V. , Steinberg Daniel , Lipner Rebecca , Marshall Jeffery , Messenger John C.
Published: June 2013

Objectives

To assess the current use and application of simulators in interventional cardiology.

Background

Despite a paucity of data on the efficacy of simulation in medicine, cardiovascular simulation training is now a mandated part of cardiovascular fellowship training. Additionally, simulators have been endorsed by the Food and Drug Administration as a way to teach physicians new and novel procedures. We sought to establish the current use of simulators in cardiovascular medicine.

Methods

A systematic review was done of available training programs, and currently existing data regarding simulation training. A panel of experts was convened to review this data and provide recommendations as how simulation should be used in the field of interventional cardiology.

Results

This document provides a comprehensive review of the current state of simulation and how we as a society must formulate well validated studies to more closely examine and explore how this technology can be further studied and validated.

Conclusions

Simulation will likely take on a larger role in cardiovascular training and maintenance of certification, but at the current time lacks a large body of evidence for its use. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dual Effect of Low‐Dosage Poly(Ethylene Oxides) on Methane Hydrate Formation
Authors: Sina M. , Nazari K. , Mohammad‐Taheri M. , Moradi M. R.
Published: June 2013

Time‐dependent isochoric formation of methane hydrate was investigated in the presence of low‐dose poly(ethylene oxides) (PEOs). The effect of different molecular weights of PEO on methane hydrate nucleation time and storage capacity was studied and compared. Kinetic measurements revealed a dual effect of PEO, including inhibition and stabilization effects, on methane hydrate formation. The nature and type of the effect arises from the difference in molecular weights and concentration ranges of PEOs. These parameters directly affect the nucleation time and storage capacity of methane hydrate. Generally, in comparison with pure water, PEO improved the storage capacity of methane hydrate. PEO (1000 kD) at a concentration of 0.5 wt % exhibits a significant kinetic inhibitory performance. However, it was an efficient low‐dosage hydrate stabilizer at a concentration of 0.25 wt %, along with producing gas‐rich methane hydrate suitable for gas fuel storage and transportation.
Electrolyte Convection in Flooded Lead‐Acid Batteries – Testing of Passive Mixing Elements in the Vehicle
Authors: Ebner Ellen , Metge Ingo , Keil Sabrina Nadine , Börger Alexander
Published: June 2013

Neue Fahrzeugtechnologien mit Mikro‐Hybrid‐Konzepten, die über Start‐Stopp‐Funktion und regeneratives Bremsen verfügen, stellen erhöhte Anforderungen an die Blei‐Säure‐Starterbatterie. Die sich während der Start‐Stopp‐Zyklen im Fahrzeug bei Batterien mit flüssigen Elektrolyten einstellende inhomogene Säuredichteverteilung führt zu einer inhomogenen Stromverteilung. Passive Mischelemente zeigen hohe Wirksamkeit beim Ausgleich von Säuredichteunterschieden innerhalb des Elektrolyten. Zur Beurteilung der Wirksamkeit von Mischelementen im Fahrzeugbetrieb wurden weiterentwickelte Blei‐Säure‐Nassbatterien in Fahrzeugen gealtert. Dabei wurden Innenwiderstandsverläufe und Ladezustandsänderungen verfolgt. Die Untersuchung zeigte, dass sich passive Mischelemente für den Einsatz in Fahrzeugen mit Start‐Stopp‐Funktion eignen.
Wie wird unser Trinkwasser überwacht?
Authors: Sacher Frank
Published: June 2013

Die Überwachung unseres Trinkwassers wird immer auch durch neue wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse und Fortschritte beim verfügbaren analytischen Instrumentarium beeinflusst. Die moderne Trinkwasserüberwachung macht sich diese Entwicklungen zu Nutze, um jederzeit eine hohe Wasserqualität sicherstellen zu können. Trends in modernen Wasserlaboratorien sind eine zunehmende Automatisierung, die Einführung hochwertiger Messgeräte und neuer Analyseverfahren für chemische und biologische Parameter, der Einzug von Effekt‐bezogenen Analyseverfahren (Biotests) sowie von Analysesystemen zur Online‐Überwachung der Trinkwasserqualität und zur frühzeitigen Erkennung von Kontaminationen und Störungen im Aufbereitungsprozess.
Angiogenesis and intramembranous osteogenesis
Authors: Percival Christopher J. , Richtsmeier Joan T.
Published: June 2013

Background: Angiogenesis is likely critical for the process of intramembranous osteogenesis; however, the developmental relationship between blood vessels and bone mineralization is not well studied within intramembranous bones. Given its importance, changes in angiogenesis regulation are likely to contribute to evolutionarily and medically relevant craniofacial variation. Results: We summarize what is known about the association between angiogenesis and intramembranous osteogenesis, supplementing with information from the better‐studied processes of endochondral ossification and distraction osteogenesis. Based on this review, we introduce a model of angiogenesis during early intramembranous osteogenesis as well as a series of null hypotheses to be tested. Conclusions: This model can serve as a basis of future research on the spatio‐temporal association and regulatory interactions of mesenchymal, vascular, and bone cells, which will be required to illuminate the potential effects of angiogenesis dysregulation on craniofacial skeletal phenotypes. Developmental Dynamics 242:909–922, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Imaging Intracellular Zinc by Using a Glyoxal Bis(4‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐3‐thiosemicarbazone) Ligand
Authors: Palanimuthu Duraippandi , Shinde Sridevi Vijay , Dayal Disha , Somasundaram Kumaravel , Samuelson Ashoka G.
Published: June 2013

The ligand glyoxal bis(4‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐3‐thiosemicarbazone) (GTSCH2) is shown to be a selective fluorescence “turn‐on” sensor for zinc ions (Zn2+). This sensor is easy to synthesize, exhibits excellent sensitivity and selectivity towards Zn2+ over other physiologically relevant cations, and has sub‐nanomolar binding affinity. It displays maximum fluorescence response to Zn2+ when the metal/ligand ratio is 1:1 and displays stable fluorescence over a broad pH range. The potential of GTSCH2 to image Zn2+ inside the cell was demonstrated in MCF‐7 cells (human breast cancer cell line) by using flow cytometry and confocal fluorescence microscopy. Cell viability studies reveal that the probe is biocompatible and suitable for cellular applications.
Poor Catch‐up Growth in Late Adolescent Boys with Eating Disorders, Weight Loss and Stunting of Growth
Authors: Swenne Ingemar
Published: June 2013

Objective

The study aims to investigate the catch‐up growth of boys presenting with an eating disorder (ED) and a stunting of growth.

Method

Weight gain and growth of 46 boys with ED were followed up for 1–3 years.

Results

A total of 13 boys who had not started their pubertal growth spurt at presentation started catch‐up growth immediately following nutritional rehabilitation and weight gain. After 3 years, they had returned to their premorbid growth curve. Thirty‐three boys who had started their pubertal growth spurt prior to presentation never caught up in height but continued to catch down despite weight gain. After 3 years, they had lost 0.64 ± 0.55 height standard deviation scores corresponding to approximately 4.5 cm of potential height.

Conclusions

In prepubertal boys with EDs, catch‐up growth is possible. Pubertal boys are at a disadvantage in that catch‐up growth may not occur despite weight gain. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.