bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of the Load Carrying Capacity of Honeycomb Panels at Fixing Points under an External Load
Authors: Zhukov V.V. , Eremin Anton V. , Stepanec D.V.
Published: January 2020

In this article, the object of study is a three–layer honeycomb panel with fixing elements (FE), which are used for transporting the panel, and fixing it to the spacecraft. The goal of the work is to determine experimentally the load carrying capacity of the fixing elements under various types of loading, to determine the load carrying capacity of the honeycomb panel of the spacecraft at fixing points and further comparison of the experimental results with the finite element method results calculated by MSC.Patran / Nastran. A method for conducting static tests of fixing elements of a spacecraft honeycomb panel under an external load is described, a description of computer technology of a finite–element solution to the problem of static strength of a honeycomb panel structure in the MSC.Patran environment is presented, and a finite–element model of a honeycomb panel is designed. An assessment of the strength of a three–layer structure at fixing points was carried out, followed by validation of the finite–element model of a honeycomb panel. On the basis of the validated model, the evaluation of the strength of the honeycomb structure was carried out; based on results obtained, the conclusion has been made about the convergence of the results by the finite element method with the results obtained during the experiment.
Engineering Method for Analysis of the Ability to Strain-Hardening of Steels
Authors: Filippov Mikhail A. , Korzunova Elena I. , Sharapova Valentina A.
Published: January 2020

The strain-hardening ability has been estimated using a methodologically simple engineering criterion. A simple engineering method estimates the ability of metals and alloys to strain-hardening by the hardness increase determining. The Rockwell hardness has been measured at the bottom of the indentation cup of the Brinell press indenter. The strain-hardening tendency is investigated by the “two hardness-measuring instruments” method for two austenitic manganese steels, 110G13L and 110G6L, with different austenite stability to strain martensitic transformation. This hardness estimating method can be applied without making special samples and using deforming equipment.
Improvement of the Method for the High-Carbon Wire Rod Pearlite Grain Grade Identification
Authors: Shubin I.G. , Shubina Marianna V.
Published: January 2020

The main characteristics of metal long products quality include mechanical properties, depending on the microstructure state. The key indicator for evaluation the micro-structure of high carbon steel can be considered the 1st grain grade lamellar pearlite Bfp. For the currently used pearlite dispersion method, according to GOST 8233-56, it is characterized by the subjectivity of the view fields choice for the microstructure evaluation, that reduces the quality of the obtained results. The study purpose was to improve the method of high-carbon steel wire rod microstructure estimation, to reduce the error magnitude in determining the 1st grain grade lamellar pearlite. The experiments were carried out on samples of high-carbon steel wire rod with a carbon content of 0,58 – 0,77 %. The pearlite dispersion was evaluated in 27 view fields, located on mutually perpendicular diagonals of the sample cross section. The study results showed the possibility of reducing the error in determining the estimated value of the high-carbon steel wire rod microstructure pearlite dispersion. Microstructure evaluation in the five view fields should be carried out, taking into account the weight coefficients, determined by the ratio of the zones length, occupied by pearlite with a certain percentage of the 1st grade grain pearlite to the wire rod radius. The proposed method of the microstructure evaluation increases assessment accuracy, without complication of its implementation process.
Test for Anticorrosive Properties of Packing Paper under the Conditions of Increased Humidity and Presence of Chlorides
Authors: Kolyada Lyudmila G. , Tarasyuk Elena V. , Baryshnikova N.I.
Published: January 2020

During transportation, long-term storage and operation metal products are exposed to atmospheric corrosion that leads to billions of losses every year. The urgency of the problem being investigated is due to the fact that export of metal products is mainly carried out by sea through regions with humid tropical climate. The search for new packaging materials is a significant trend in corrosion control. The research of effective corrosion inhibitors that are capable to protect all kinds of metals, such as steel, zinc, copper, aluminum, is actually carried out, as well as the process of development of getting the packaging materials containing the corrosion inhibitors. The purpose of this paper was a research of anticorrosive properties of experimental packaging papers under increased humidity and in the presence of chloride of sodium. In this paper the test conditions which, correspond to the handling conditions of steel products through the zones with tropical climate, were simulated. The studies research found out that the experimental patented corrosion inhibitors do not take protective effect on galvanized steel. The generated corrosion products are incoherent, weakly coupled with metal and easily fall off (crumble), that results in metal loss.
Composition Material for Radiation Protection Based on Modified Disperse Titanium Hydride and Silicate Connecting
Authors: Yastrebinskii R.N. , Karnauhov A.A.
Published: January 2020

This paper presents an analysis of known radiation protection materials. The prospects of using materials based on titanium hydride are shown. The possibility of obtaining finely ground titanium hydride with a high content of atomic hydrogen in its structure has been established. The features of the physicochemical interaction of dispersed titanium hydride and heavy flint, after hydrolysis in the alkaline environment of the organosilicon modifier – tetraethoxysilane, are revealed. The possibility of obtaining a thermostable low-activated composite material based on dispersed titanium hydride for complex protection against neutron and gamma radiation has been established. The structure of the obtained composite was investigated.
The Effect of Polyvinyl Alcohol on the System of Cement-Free Binding Alumino-Silicate Composition
Authors: Strokova Valeria V. , Sivalneva M.N. , Kobzev Vadim
Published: January 2020

Cement-free binding materials are a promising type of materials. The relevance and the possibility of increased efficiency of these materials are reasoned by environmental and technical-economic conditions of the current state of building industry. As a result of research, the following effect was established: polyvinyl alcohol on cement-free highly concentrated aluminosilicate binder suspension, obtained from granio-diorite screenings, increases the stability of structure-forming processes, due to the formation of associates and binding particles in the form of bulk network structures, that create a frame. Polyvinyl alcohol plays the role of a non-ionic regulator of the dimension and stability of these emerging structures, that determine and control the properties of the material, as a whole.
The Conditions and Results of Ferrite Based on Multicomponent Crystal Formation in High Entropic Oxide Systems
Authors: Vinnik Denis , Trofimov Evgeny A. , Zhivulin Vladimir E.
Published: January 2020

High-entropic magneto-plum-bite structured crystal phases were theoretically calculated and then prepared by solid state synthesis. The compositions and formation conditions for by-product, such as spinel structured multicomponent crystals, that had not been previously described in literature, were analyzed. The list of elements which can be the main components of such phases was defined. Important conclusions about the conditions for growing high-entropy crystals from melts were made. Particularly, it was shown that the obligatoriness for additional oxidation of the melt should be taken into account (relative to the level that the composition of the melt itself and the process atmosphere can provide).
Ceramic Bricks of Semi-Dry Pressing with the Use of Fusible Loams and Non-Traditional Mineral Raw Materials
Authors: Gurieva Victoria A. , Doroshin Aleksandr V. , Dubineckij Viktor V.
Published: January 2020

The possibility of using aluminosilicate raw materials and ash and slag waste of thermal power plants in the production of ceramic bricks is considered. The physicochemical processes taking place in the preparation of ceramic materials based on ash and slag waste are studied. In order to accelerate the process of sintering a ceramic material, the possibility of using an additive of sodium silicate lump was investigated. Its influence on the technological properties of ceramics of rational composition was studied and the expediency of introducing this additive into the mixture in the amount of 10% was established. The dependences of fire shrinkage on the amount of ash and slag waste at a firing temperature of 1050 ° C are determined.
Heat-Resistant Composite Materials Based on Secondary Material Resources
Authors: Tukhareli V.D. , Gnedash E.E. , Tukhareli A.V.
Published: January 2020

Heat-resistant properties of the cement stone are provided by both high-temperature filler and the modified matrix on the basis of the Portland cement. For production of heat-resistant compositions as high-temperature filler, it is offered to use the secondary and accompanying products of production of carbide of silicon (SiC) and production wastes of the abrasive tools on a ceramic base. Increase in heat-resistant properties of the Portland cement knitting substance is offered to be solved by introduction to the structure of a cement composition of single substituted orthophosphate of calcium. The choice as an additive to the Portland cement a single substituted orthophosphate of calcium (double superphosphate) is proved by questions of safety measures and ecology, when using ortho-phosphoric acid and its salts for giving to cement compositions heat-resistant properties. The multicomponent composition of fine-grained concrete makes it possible to operate effectively the processes of forming the structure of cement stone at all stages of the technology, and to obtain materials with the most diverse set of properties. An introduction to the structure of a composite of 5% of filler of cyclonic dust of carbide of silicon, and a replacement of quartz filler by waste of abrasive production gave the increase of the compressive strength at 12%, bending strength for 36%. The thermal firmness increased by 3 times. An introduction to the structure of heat-resistant composition of single substituted orthophosphate of calcium (double superphosphate) in a number of 0.2% of the mass of cement allowed to increase the thermal firmness of structures to 20 heat exchanges (water, 800 oС).
Production of Hybrid Polymer-Oxide Materials Based on Molybdenum Oxide Compounds Using Transient Electrolysis Method
Authors: Khramenkova A.V. , Ariskina D.N. , Yuzhakova K.R.
Published: January 2020

Сatalytically active hybrid polymer-oxide material, based on molybdenum oxide compounds with iron group (Fe, Ni, Co) metals and polyvinyl-pyrrolidone, is obtained by method of transient electrolysis. Surface morphology and elemental composition of the obtained hybrid polymer-oxide material are examined with an electron microscopy and X-ray micro-fluorescent microanalysis; its phase composition and its chemical bonds structure formation between metal oxide compounds and polymer macromolecules are determined by X-ray phase analysis and IR spectroscopy. High catalytic activity of the obtained hybrid polymer-oxide material in the model reaction of hydrogen peroxide decomposition by the gaso-metric method is shown, which allows us to conclude that it is possible to use the obtained hybrid polymer-oxide materials as catalysts for wastewater treatment to purify it from organic and inorganic impurities.
Modeling of the Transition Layer in Ceramic Matrix Composites from Coal Wastes and Clay
Authors: Fomina O.A. , Stolboushkin Andrey Yu.
Published: January 2020

A model of the transition layer between the shell and the core of a ceramic matrix composite from coal waste and clay has been developed. The chemical, granulometric and mineral compositions of the beneficiation of carbonaceous mudstones and clay were studied. The technological and ceramic properties of raw materials for the samples manufacturing were determined. The method of manufacturing multilayer ceramic samples from coal waste, clay and their mixture is given. The number of transition layers in the contact zone between the clay shell and the core from coal wastes is determined. The deformation and swelling phenomena of model samples from coal wastes, clay, and their mixtures were revealed at the firing temperature of more than 1000 °C. The formation of a reducing ambient in the center of the sample with insufficient air flow is shown. The influence of the carbonaceous particles amount and the ferrous form iron oxide in the coal wastes on the processes of expansion of multilayer samples during firing has been established.
Advanced Statistical Analysis of Grain Structure in Single-Phase Materials Nanostructured by High-Pressure Torsion
Authors: Stolbovsky Alexey V.
Published: January 2020

Elaboration of statistical analysis of grain structure in bulk single-phase metal materials, subjected to high-pressure torsion, is proposed. The method includes a combination of logarithmic standard distribution and Gauss distribution, in order to improve fitting of histograms of grain size distribution by the statistical model. The possibility of division of grain structure into different groups, taking into account specific features of distributions in every group, is demonstrated. The use of calculated parameters of grain size distributions is proposed to identify groups of grains by their origin. The grain structure analysis is given by an example of tin bronze nanostructured by high-pressure torsion. The agreement of the analysis results with the experimental data is demonstrated.
How the Material Thickness Affects 0.08% Carbon Cold-Rolled Sheet Steel
Authors: Belousov Vladislav B. , Tipalin Sergey A. , Kalpin Yili G.
Published: January 2020

The authors hereof have studied how the thickness of 0.08% carbon cold-rolled sheet steel affects its properties. They experimented with tensioning such sheets and plotted the metal hardening curves. The paper presents comparative analysis of how the material thickness affects the coefficients approximating the hardening curves. A comparison of the hardening curves of control and annealed specimens is given. Experiments have identified the effects that the pre-accumulated plastic strain has on the material properties. It is revealed that lower thickness alters the force parameters of the process and affects the ultimate tensile strain. The paper formulates recommendations on using the estimates obtained by the software simulation of the deformation process. Hardening-curve coefficients approximation functions are proposed in order to predict how changing the thickness would affect the material properties.
Effect of Powder Fraction 09CrNi2MoCu on the Structure and Properties of the Obtained Samples Using the Direct Laser Deposition
Authors: Mendagaliev R.V. , Korsmik R.S. , Klimova-Korsmik O.G. , Shalnova S.A.
Published: January 2020

One of the disadvantages of using steel powders is the difficulty of producing such materials. In this article, steel powders from various manufacturers were discussed. The analysis of the surface, powder particles and the distribution of the fractional composition and the possibility of reuse was carried out. Direct laser deposition modes, using different laser power, were designed. From the obtained modes, tensile and impact bending samples were grown, and a comparative analysis of the obtained results was carried out.
Theoretical Justification of the Longitudinal Rolling Method of the Thick Sheets by the Severe Shear Deformation
Authors: Nukhov Danis Sh. , Tolkushkin Andrey O.
Published: January 2020

Severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods are based on obtaining materials with a grain size of about 100 nm by means of large strain. The SPD processes provide conditions for non-monotonic deformation of the billetsб due to the redistribution of metal macro-flows during shear or alternating strain. Numerous studies have proved the possibility of obtaining high total strain degree for a single SPD cycle. Traditional metal forming processes, such as rolling, implement monotonic deformation behaviorб due to one directional metal flow. In the process of longitudinal rolling, a banded coarse-grained structure with uneven distribution of properties in the volume of the processed metal is observed. The idea of ensuring the SPD in the process of longitudinal rolling of steel sheets is promising. The idea can be realized by the development of deformation tools and modes, which provide redistribution of metal macro-flows not only in the longitudinal but also in the transverse directions of the deformation zone.
Features of the Use of Equilibrium State Diagrams for Description of Crystal Growth from Metastable Melts
Authors: Dudorov Maxim V. , Drozin Alexander D. , Plastinin B.G.
Published: January 2020

The crystallization of metastable metal alloys is characterized by a high rate of the crystallization front, which leads to the effect of "impurity capture" and deviation from the local equilibrium near the surface of the growing crystal. To calculate the growth rate of the crystalline nuclei, a method was developed for prediction of deviation of the components’ concentration near the crystal surface from the equilibrium values. A crystal nucleus was considered to be growing from the initial multicomponent phase, due to interphase transition of the components through its surface. It became possible to distinguish the equilibrium and non-equilibrium effect of the nucleus growth rate by decomposing the molar rate of the product formation near equilibrium, as a function of the molar concentration of the components in the Taylor series and limiting with the linear members. The practical calculations were carried out for the crystallization of the amorphous alloy Fe73,5Cu1Nb3Si13,5B9 of the FINEMET type. The local deviations were investigated for the silicon concentration from the equilibrium values at the surface of the growing crystal.
Identification for Technological Capabilities of Titanium and Aluminum Alloys in Deep Drawing Process
Authors: Feoktistov S.I. , Soe Kyaw Zayar
Published: January 2020

The paper describes a method which has been developed for obtaining the limiting drawing ratio of titanium and aluminum alloys, and determines the moment of failure of the work-piece. This method is based not only on the use of Forming Limit Diagram (FLD) in predicting the failure of the blank, but also the using method of variable parameters of elasticity in determining the stress-strain state in deep drawing process.
The Research of the Possibilities of Using Purge Methods for the Manufacture of Casting Cores from Mixtures Based on Secondary Polymers and Technical Lignosulphonates
Authors: Svinoroev Yu.A. , Dyadichev Valery V. , Ternovskiy O.A.
Published: January 2020

The work investigated the possibility of using the technical lingo-sulfonate as a binder for the manufacture of small cores by blow-off methods in the production of shaped cast-iron casting, similar to the dominant at the present time Cold-Box-Amin process. It is shown that the advantage of lignin materials is their safety, manifested both in the workplace - directly in the foundry, and in ensuring environmental cleanliness in the area of the location of such production. It is indicated that, when switching to the proposed lignin materials, the price of binders can be reduced by two orders of magnitude. Experimental compositions of mixtures are proposed, and their tests are carried out. The quantitative characteristics of the composition of the sand-oligo-sulfonate mixture are established. As a result, a pilot batch of rods was produced, and high-quality shaped cast iron castings were made. Special attention is paid to the demand to develop the specialized equipment, focused on lignin binders.
Development of Energy Saving Technologies for Steel Wire Heat Treatment
Authors: Barankova Inna I. , Mikhailova Uliana V. , Antropova Lyudmila I.
Published: January 2020

This article presents the development of energy-saving induction heating technology to accelerate significantly the process of heat treatment of steel wire. The analysis of international trends and prospects of the use of induction heating shows a steady expansion of the applied induction technologies in metallurgy. The article considers the advantages of induction heating in comparison with other competitive technologies. Heat treatment in electro-technical induction units is determined by the interrelated electrical and thermal processes in them, the complex nature of the distribution of internal heat sources, the dependence of the nature of the power distribution of the induction unit on the temperature of the products processed. The features of the applicated in the induction method of heating in the hardware industry for objects previously unused: such as coils of wire and riots of calibrated steel. The results of the study show the influence of the induction method of heating on temperature-time factors to the formation of the structure, to increase the uniformity of heating and the quality of heat treatment of steel wire, calibrated steel in riots, taking into account the technological problem. The authors give the assessment of the effectiveness of medium and high-frequency induction heating of steel wire of various diameters. The evaluation of the increase in the efficiency of an induction heating unit with the simultaneous heat treatment of several filaments of steel wire of the same diameter, combined into a bundle, was made.
Grey Cast Iron Strength аs Function оf Primary Austenite Dendrites Volume Fraction
Authors: Baron Aleksandr A. , Palatkina Lyubov' V. , Gonik I.L.
Published: January 2020

On the basis of approach to primary structure of gray cast iron as to an analog of the composite material, reinforced by discrete fibers, the quantitative contribution of dendritic crystals and the eutectic matrix to ultimate strength in tension is defined.
Structural Formation in the Zone of Interaction under Laser Processing of Bimetal M1 + VT1-0
Authors: Serov Aleksey , Slautin Oleg V. , Pronichev Dmitri
Published: January 2020

The processes of structure formation in the bimetal М1 + VТ1-0 after laser treatment from the side of copper are studied. The structure, phase and chemical composition of the interaction zone was investigated, the factors influencing the change in its hardness were determined.
Researching of Steel Grade Influence on Structure and Properties of Silicate-Enamel Coatings of Pipelines
Authors: Ryabova Anna V. , Yatsenko Elena A. , Klimova Lyudmila V.
Published: January 2020

The protective properties of enameled products are largely determined by the structure of the vitreous coating itself, and, in general, the formed composite steel – coating. The grade and chemical composition of the enameled steel influence not only the physical and chemical processes occurring in the contact zone "steel-enamel", but also, in general, the structure of the coating and its technical and operational properties.
Theory and Practice of Long Products with a Metal Coating Production
Authors: Antimonov Aleksey , Pushkareva Nadezhda
Published: January 2020

On the basis of the fluid flow hydrodynamic theory, the problem of obtaining a given thickness metallic coating on long metallic articles is solved. The process of forming the coating thickness includes applying it from the molten metal, followed by deformation together with the product. Theoretically, the dependence of the coating thickness on the speed of the product movement in a liquid metal environment, as well as the degree of product deformation during drawing, is determined. Experimental verification showed good convergence of theoretical results with experimental data. The practical result of solving the task is the ability to control the process of forming the metal coating thickness by the movement speed of the product in a liquid metal environment and the degree of its deformation during drawing. A diagram of an industrial plant for applying various thickness coatings on lengthy products is presented. The results are used in the production of brass pipes, coated with tin, for car radiators.
Development of Technological Bases for Manufacturing Blanks of Friction Disks with Molybdenum Gas-Thermal Coating for Working in Oil in Units of Transport Machines
Authors: Krykhtin Y.I. , Karlov V.I. , Leonard A.V.
Published: January 2020

This article is dedicated to the questions of development of technological bases for the manufacturing blanks of friction disks with molybdenum gas-thermal coating applied by plasma spraying, for working in oil in the transmission units of transport machines. For ensure high performance indicators, there is has been offered a technological scheme for manufacturing friction disk blanks: short blasting preparation of the surface of the disk’s steel base, applying a molybdenum coating, that characterized by high adhesion to the ferrous metals, mechanical processing of the coating by grinding, monitoring the coating’s quality. The developed technological bases for manufacturing blanks of friction disks with molybdenum gas-thermal coating, applied by plasma spraying, for working in oil in transmission units of transport machines are contributed to the creation of efficient products with enhanced performance indicators for friction coefficient, wear resistance, reliability in modern conditions at the enterprises.
Increase Effectiveness of Shaving by Using Wear-Resistant Coatings and Preliminary Modeling Cutting
Authors: Gilman Vitaliy N. , Faskhutdinov Ayrat I. , Balabanov Igor P.
Published: January 2020

Study of influence the edge and surface preparation and use of various types of coatings on the shaving cutters from the high-speed steel DIN 1.3243 (W6Mo5Cr4V2Co5 - China), with a hardness of 62-64HRc, for processing of the driven gear part, made of steel DIN 1.6523 (20CrNiMoH - China) with a hardness of 156-207 HB is presented. For the analysis, coatings based on titanium nitride (TiN) and a multicomponent coating of titanium and aluminum (AlTiN) were used. The coating on the basis of titanium nitride (TiN) increased the tool life 1.4 times. Multicomponent coating of titanium and aluminum (AlTiN) increased the tool life 1.6 times (AlTiN).
Cavitation Erosion-Corrosion Resistance of Deposited Austenitic Stainless Steel/E308L-17 Electrode
Authors: Alwan Hussam L. , Korobov Yury S. , Soboleva N.N. , Lezhnin N.V. , Makarov A.V. , Nikolaeva E.P. , Deviatiarov M.S.
Published: January 2020

The ultrasonic vibratory test was carried out to evaluate the cavitation erosion/corrosion resistance of welded-deposited austenitic stainless steel/E308L-17. Three layers of the E308L-17 electrode were deposited onto AISI 1040 substrate utilizing Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) process. The eroded surfaces of the E308L welded deposit/coating and AISI 1040 substrate steel have been analyzed by evaluating surface topography, as well as scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs. In addition, the cumulative weight loss and erosion rate curves were attained to evaluate the cavitation resistance of the tested materials. The cavitation results showed that the E308L-17 deposited stainless steel has lost about 15 mg as a cumulative weight, while the loss of AISI 1040 substrate was about 123 mg. This is equal to 0.12% and 1.0% of the original test specimen weight for the E308L-17 and AISI 1040, respectively. Consequently, E308L-17 austenitic stainless steel can be effectively used as a protective material for surfaces exposed to cavitation wear, since the AISI 1040 substrate has been enhanced by 8 times using E308L stainless steel.
Formation of Intermetallic Coating on 20880 Steel in the Liquid-Phase Inter-Reaction with Aluminum
Authors: Shmorgun Victor Georgievich , Bogdanov Artem I. , Kulevich Vitaliy P.
Published: January 2020

The inter-reaction mechanism of ingot iron with a molten aluminum is proposed and experimentally confirmed. It is shown that the three-layer coating is formed on the surface of ingot iron under the conditions of liquid-phase inter-reaction and consists of bund interlayers of Fe2Al5 and FeAl3 intermetallics and a heterogeneous structure based on solid solution and FeAl3. The micro-hardness of the structural components of the heterogeneous structure ranges from 1 (for Al (Fe)) to 6–9 GPA (for FeAl3+Al (Fe)). An increase in the exposure time during the heat treatment is accompanied by an increase of the quantity of structurally free FeAl3+Al (Fe) fragments in its composition.
Study of the Influence of Technological Factors on the Surface Structure of Aluminum 6000 Series Alloys Ingots
Authors: Gurevich Leonid Moiseevich , Pronichev Dmitri , Serov Aleksey
Published: January 2020

The structure and chemical composition of the surface layers of aluminum 6000-series alloys after crystallization and homogenization annealing at 580 °C were investigated. It is shown that the state of the surface significantly depends on the presence of impurities in the coolant of the crystallizer, which deteriorate the continuity of the oxide film, which leads to the formation of light color of individual parts of the ingot surface.
Investigation of Novel Polymer Composites Based on Recycled Multilayer Combined Packaging Materials
Authors: Ovchinnikov Vasiliy A. , Mastalygina Elena E. , Pantyukhov P.
Published: January 2020

Polymer composite based on multilayer combined packaging wastes was prepared and investigated. The composite was made of tetrahedral package wastes, where cardboard part was removed. It was found that obtained composite material has blended polymer matrix that consists of low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene and polypropylene. Melting temperature of individual polymers in composite shifts to lower temperatures than that of the initial components. It is the evidence of destruction process or interaction between polymers. The hard particles of aluminum and cellulose are uniformly distributed in the composite. For that reason, these particles do not reduce melt fluidity significantly. The tensile strength and elasticity modulus are higher for the obtained material compared to pure polyethylene. The results show a high potential for the use of the developed composite material.
The Qualitative Assessment of Gas-Thermal Coating’s Cohesive Strength Estimation Methods
Authors: Kretinin V.I. , Sokolova Victoria Alexandrovna , Voinash Sergey
Published: January 2020

In this article the various methods of assessment of gas-thermal coating’s adhesion strength are considered. The methodology of carrying out the strength tests, using traditional methods of quantitative assessment of adhesive strength of a coating towards its basement, is reflected; the advantages and disadvantages of the represented methods are given. In the article, the theoretical justification of the mechanics of adhesive avulsion is given, and the imperfection of conic pins’ usage is shown. Aiming at increasing of the accuracy and quality of the strength tests of gas-thermal coatings, a modernised methodology, as well as the samples (а.с.1436025), related to detection of the adhesion strength, are suggested. The theoretical computation of the reasonableness of usage of ring cross section of the coating, resulted in the event of usage of the offered sample, is given. On the basis of theoretical computation, a defining formula of the adhesive strength is conducted. Comparison tests of adhesion strength with various sample’s designs are completed. The reasonableness and effectiveness of usage of the offered methodology in assessment of gas-thermal coating’s adhesion strength are proven.
Study of Pyrolysis of Annual Crop Refuse under Reduced Pressure
Authors: Safin Ruslan R. , Ilalova G.F. , Khasanshin Ruslan R.
Published: January 2020

Every year a huge amount of plant refuse from production of grain, oil-bearing and other crops-remains, the bulk of which has a negative impact on land and water resources. Research in the field of rational use of plant refuse showed that one of the most promising areas of use of plant refuse is obtaining organic fertilizers. At the same time, advanced research in this area concerns the production of bio-char, used as soil modifiers. In this case, the most important characteristics of the product are porosity, surface area and pH, which can be set by adjusting operating parameters of the pyrolysis process. The purpose of the research is to study the effect of pressure on the process of pyrolysis of pellets, made from the husks of sunflower, and the analysis of the main properties of the coal produced. It is established that a decrease in the pressure of the medium, leading to the forced removal of volatile substances, causes a decrease in temperature in the reaction zone, thereby increasing the duration of the pyrolysis process. However, at the same time, an increase in porosity and surface area of the obtained bio-char is observed. Thus, the feasibility of further research in this area, in order to obtain optimal temperature and pressure parameters in the process of pyrolysis of sunflower husk, was determined.
Oxygen Passivation of Rhodium and Platinum with Direct Current Polarization in 12 m Hydrochloric Acid Solution
Authors: Kuzas E.A. , Voinov V.N. , Potapov P.S.
Published: January 2020

It was found that the surfaces of rhodium and platinum electrodes with polarization by direct current in 12 M hydrochloric acid solution are completely covered with oxygen atoms at a potential of +0.68 V (relative to the reference hydrogen electrode), and its increase rate is 10–90 mV/s.
Priorities for South African managers: An informal discussion
Authors: Van Den Berg A. J.
Published: January 2020

No abstract available.
Consumer choice
Authors: Clarke H. G.
Published: January 2020

The author argues that traditional market research techniques such as consumer 'intention to buy' surveys fail to predict consumer behaviour because the underlying assumptions that man is rational, aware of his wants and preferences, and consistent in his buying behaviour, are invalid. He suggests that many economic terms such as 'utility' and 'rationalization' have little practical value; that economic theory ignores a vital element in consumer behaviour - mass communication and the art of persuasion. In searching for a more meaningful approach, the author suggests that many new markets come about as a result of social and environmental change and that, in such cases, the historic process of extrapolating past trends into the future serves little purpose. Rather, the marketer should concentrate on developing a keen understanding of social movements which affect the firm - such as consumerism. Yet even knowledge of such movements may serve little purpose because the individual will 'strike out' against subjugation to any movement and will attempt to establish his own identity whatever the cost.Die skrywer redeneer dat tradisionele marknavorsingstegnieke soos opnames oor verbruikers se 'voorneme om te koop', nie daarin slaag om verbruikersgedrag te voorspel nie weens die ongeldigheid van die onderliggende aannames: dat die mens rasioneel is; dat hy bewus is van sy begeertes ('wants') en voorkeure; dat hy konsekwent is in sy koopgedrag. Hy stel dit dat baie ekonomiese begrippe soos 'utiliteit' en 'rasionalisering' min praktiese waarde het; dat ekonomiese teorie 'n hoogs belangrike element in verbruikersgedrag verontagsaam - massakommunikasie en die oorredingskuns. In die soektog na 'n meer betekenisvolle benadering, word voorgestel dat baie nuwe markte tot stand kom weens omgewings- en sosiale veranderinge, en dat in sulke gevalle, die historiese proses van ekstrapolering van neigings uit die verlede tot in die toekoms, weinig nut het. Die bemarker moet liewer daarop konsentreer om 'n deeglike begrip te ontwikkel van sosiale bewegings wat die firma raak - soos verbruikersdruk. Tog mag selfs kennis van sulke bewegings min waarde he omdat die individu hom mag 'opruk' teen onderwerping aan enige beweging, en sal poog om ongeag die koste, sy eie identiteit te bevestig.
Finansiële beleid van 'n handelsonderneming tydens prysstyging
Authors: Hamman W. D.
Published: January 2020

Financial policy of a trading enterprise during inflation. The statement that inflation has a negative impact upon cash flow is often heard. The question now arises whether this statement is valid. Are all undertakings affected in a negative way or do some companies benefit? An analysis of a trading concern was performed to find out whether such a concern is hedged against inflation or what its profits should be to hedge itself against inflation for given working capital combinations. The effects of stock profits or no profits and FIFO/LIFO are analyzed. A very important conclusion is drawn that illiquid enterprises do better under these circumstances than the more liquid firms. It appears that illiquidity is a prerequisite for a hedge against inflation if gross margin is small as compared to inflation. However, as and when the ratio profit/inflation improves, the requirement of illiquidlty is less critical and can even be dropped.Die stelling word dikwels gemaak dat inflasie kontantvloei nadelig raak. Die vraag ontstaan of die stelling dat inflasie 'n negatiewe uitwerking het op kontantvloeiresultate in alle gevalle of net in sekere gevalle geldig is. Ondersoek is ingestel om vas te stel in watter mate 'n handelsorganisasie verskans is teen inflasie, of anders gestel, wat sy winsgrens behoort te wees om verskans te wees teen inflasie vir gegewe bedryfskapitaalkombinasies. Die gevolge van voorraadwinste al dan nie en die uitwerking van EIEU/LIEU word ondersoek. 'n Belangrike gevolgtrekking is dat illikiede ondernemings beter vaar as die meer likiedes. Terwyl dit waar is dat illikiditeit 'n voorvereiste is vir verskansing teen inflasie as die winsgrens laag is in verhouding met die inflasiekoers, verval hierdie voorvereiste van swak likiditeit sodra die verhouding wins/inflasie hoog raak.
The psychology of pain
Authors: Muller A. D.
Published: January 2020

No abstract available.
Autores-leitores da tradição literária: a literatura digital como ação preservacionista
Authors: Gobira Pablo , Corrêa Fernanda
Published: January 2020

Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar e analisar obras literárias digitais em que as noções de autor e leitor se aproximam em experiências narrativas e poéticas constituídas a partir de apropriações de textos da tradição literária. Essa abordagem se dá a partir da composição de obras literárias digitais, nas quais o ato de “ler”, nas relações entre literatura e tecnologia, pode significar também um modo de preservação da tradição, quando a reconstrói para avançá-la, repetindo - muitas vezes até por meio de interatividade do leitor - um modo de reviver o texto literário de modo diverso. Discutimos, no artigo, as obras digitais: MUPs (2013), de Jhave, iLibShakespeare (2014), de Scot Gresham-Lancaster e Tim Perkis; e o MyNovel (2006), de Alan Bigelow. Esses trabalhos foram selecionados do repositório digital Turbulence, o que permitirá que ilustremos o resgate da tradição através do desenvolvimento estético de obras, constituindo esse “autor-leitor” que age em conjunto para a composição da obra digital.
Este hipertexto eletrônico: a leitura e suas “condições de contorno” a partir de Leitura de nós, de Alckmar Luiz dos Santos
Authors: Silva Rogério Barbosa da
Published: January 2020

Neste artigo, procura-se discutir a transformação da leitura no processo de convergência entre as formas da literatura impressa e digital. O corpus do trabalho é o estudo crítico do livro Leitura de nós, de Alckmar Luiz dos Santos, e contraexemplos de suas criações digitais. O objetivo é compreender os problemas que envolvem a leitura do livro hipertextual ou telemático, bem como outras formas do livro digital, frente à tradição impressa. Isso nos leva a pensar nos protocolos de leitura que aprendemos da tradição impressa e a buscar quais seriam as restrições ou as reversibilidades advindas para o campo literário em meio eletrônico. Para isso, recorremos à reflexão de Robert Scholes e Umberto Eco, respectivamente em Protocolos de leitura e Seis passeios pelos bosques da ficção.
Metalinguagem como estratégia argumentativa em textos digitais
Authors: Bertucci Roberlei Alves
Published: January 2020

Neste trabalho, o objetivo é analisar o papel de recursos metalinguísticos em textos do “jornal” A Capa, uma página do Facebook caracterizada por textos multimodais, com função de provocar uma reflexão no leitor. Apoiados nas discussões sobre conhecimento linguístico apresentadas por Culioli e Normand (2005), defendemos que a metalinguagem é uma operação racional e consciente sobre a linguagem. Vamos assumir que ela tem relação direta com o argumento de identidade, proposto por Perelman e Olbrechts-Tyteca (2014), já que lança mão de definições ou classificações relativas à linguagem. A partir da análise de exemplares d’A Capa, argumentamos que, ali, a metalinguagem, de fato, se configura como uma estratégia argumentativa importante, capaz de direcionar o leitor para a conclusão desejada pelo “jornal sem jornal”.
Apropriação tecnológica na formação de professores: entre aprender e conectar
Authors: Couto Maria Elizabete Souza , Coelho Lívia Andrade
Published: January 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as relações que os discentes de um curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia (ingressantes em 2015, modalidade a distância – EaD) estabelecem com as tecnologias digitais e de que forma essa apropriação influencia na sua formação. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e para coleta dos dados usamos um questionário on-line, que foi respondido por 133 alunos do referido curso. Os dados revelaram que as relações estabelecidas com as tecnologias influenciaram no seu processo formativo, visto que a EaD é uma nova cultura e demanda o estabelecimento de relações com colegas, conteúdos, metodologias de ensino e avaliação, com mudanças pontuais em seus contextos e processos, indicando novas relações mediadas pelas tecnologias digitais na formação de professores. Além disso, foi evidenciado que as políticas públicas precisam contemplar essas novas maneiras de construir conhecimentos, de estar em relação com o outro e com o mundo, oferecendo, também, condições para a apropriação tecnológica.
Compreensão do número racional e sua representação a/b para além da relação parte – todo
Authors: Oliveira Raquel Gomes de
Published: January 2020

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa exploratória sobre a compreensão do conceito de Número Racional e sua representação a/b por alunos do 7º ano do ensino fundamental. Os resultados mostraram que nessa compreensão estã presentes a competência de observar o contexto e o conteúdo das representações, a competência de realizar sobre propriedades do sistema de representação utilizado e a competência de compreender. As competências tiveram origem em abstrações realizadas pelo aluno ao agir em diferentes contextos e representações, passando de um contexto ao outro e transformando conteúdos contextuais e representacionais. Concluimos que a compreensão de um Número Racional e sua representação a/b, para além da relação parte – todo, apresenta-se consolidada somente quando, em diferentes situações e contextos, representados numericamente por a/b, consideram-se tanto semelhanças e diferenças, que permitem utilizar a relação parte – todo, mas também a oportunidade para superá-la.
Satellite observations of aerosols and clouds over southern China from 2006 to 2015: analysis of changes and possible interaction mechanisms
Authors: Benas Nikos , Meirink Jan Fokke , Karlsson Karl-Göran , Stengel Martin , Stammes Piet
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Aerosol and cloud properties over southern China during
the 10-year period 2006–2015 are analysed based on observations from passive
and active satellite sensors and emission data. The results show a strong
decrease in aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the study area, accompanied by
an increase in liquid cloud cover and cloud liquid water path (LWP). The
most significant changes occurred mainly in late autumn and early winter: AOD decreased by about 35 %, coinciding with an increase in liquid
cloud fraction by 40 % and a near doubling of LWP in November and
December. Analysis of emissions suggests that decreases in carbonaceous
aerosol emissions from biomass burning activities were responsible for part
of the AOD decrease, while inventories of other, anthropogenic emissions
mainly showed increases. Analysis of precipitation changes suggests that an
increase in precipitation also contributed to the overall aerosol reduction.
Possible explanatory mechanisms for these changes were examined, including
changes in circulation patterns and aerosol–cloud interactions (ACIs). Further
analysis of changes in aerosol vertical profiles demonstrates a consistency
of the observed aerosol and cloud changes with the aerosol semi-direct
effect, which depends on relative heights of the aerosol and cloud layers: fewer absorbing aerosols in
the cloud layer would lead to an overall decrease in the evaporation of cloud
droplets, thus increasing cloud LWP and cover. While this mechanism cannot
be proven based on the present observation-based analysis, these are indeed
the signs of the reported changes.