bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microbiological and Physicochemical Variations during Spontaneous Fermentation of Plantain Must
Authors: Kambire Ollo , Yao Konan Mathurin , Detto Karamoko , Kamate Moustapha
Published: September 2023

Major losses are recorded every year in the plantain production sector in Côte d’Ivoire. These losses are mainly due to poor harvesting, transport, and storage conditions. Local processing of this food crop into other products could help limit postharvest losses. The aim of this study was to evaluate some microbiological and physicochemical parameters during the fermentation of plantain must for the production of an alcoholic beverage. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, titratable acidity, and reducing sugars were measured using a pH meter by titration and the Bernfeld method, respectively. Refractometric dry extract and alcohol content were measured using a refractometer. Loads of mesophilic aerobic germs, total coliforms, streptococci, and yeasts were determined by standard microbiological methods. Values for refractometric dry extract (10°B-4.5°B), reducing sugars (8.25-0 mg/mL), and pH (4.37-3.36) decrease during fermentation. The highest alcohol content (11%) is obtained after four days of fermentation of plantain must. In contrast to total coliforms (5.27-3.61 log10 cfu/mL), loads of mesophilic aerobic germs (4.84-9.8 log10 cfu/mL) increase during fermentation. Yeast and streptococci loads reach their peaks at 7.81 log10 cfu/mL and 8.15 log10 cfu/mL, respectively, after six (6) days of fermentation before dropping off. Plantain must could be used to produce distilled alcoholic beverages.
CK1δ and CK1ε Signaling Sustains Mitochondrial Metabolism and Cell Survival in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Burger Karen L. , Fernandez Mario R. , Meads Mark B. , Sudalagunta Praneeth , Oliveira Paula S. , Renatino Canevarolo Rafael , Alugubelli Raghunandan Reddy , Tungsevik Alexandre , De Avila Gabe , Silva Maria , Graeter Allison I. , Dai Hongyue A. , Vincelette Nicole D. , Prabhu Antony , Magaletti Dario , Yang Chunying , Li Weimin , Kulkarni Amit , Hampton Oliver , Koomen John M. , Roush William R. , Monastyrskyi Andrii , Berglund Anders E. , Silva Ariosto S. , Cleveland John L. , Shain Kenneth H.
Published: September 2023

Multiple myeloma remains an incurable malignancy due to acquisition of intrinsic programs that drive therapy resistance. Here we report that casein kinase-1δ (CK1δ) and CK1ε are therapeutic targets in multiple myeloma that are necessary to sustain mitochondrial metabolism. Specifically, the dual CK1δ/CK1ε inhibitor SR-3029 had potent in vivo and ex vivo anti–multiple myeloma activity, including against primary multiple myeloma patient specimens. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and metabolic analyses revealed inhibiting CK1δ/CK1ε disables multiple myeloma metabolism by suppressing genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), reducing citric acid cycle intermediates, and suppressing complexes I and IV of the electron transport chain. Finally, sensitivity of multiple myeloma patient specimens to SR-3029 correlated with elevated expression of mitochondrial genes, and RNA-seq from 687 multiple myeloma patient samples revealed that increased CSNK1D, CSNK1E, and OxPhos genes correlate with disease progression and inferior outcomes. Thus, increases in mitochondrial metabolism are a hallmark of multiple myeloma progression that can be disabled by targeting CK1δ/CK1ε.

Significance:

CK1δ and CK1ε are attractive therapeutic targets in multiple myeloma whose expression increases with disease progression and connote poor outcomes, and that are necessary to sustain expression of genes directing OxPhos.
Angola Janga: a circulação crítica de uma história de reconhecimento
Authors: Sena Ercio
Published: September 2023

Este artigo visa discutir a política de reconhecimento na circulação crítica de Angola Janga – Uma história de Palmares (2018). O trabalho explora a repercussão em torno da obra em quadrinhos, que retrata a resistência das populações escravizadas na reconstituição da história do Quilombo dos Palmares. Ao fazer uma incursão no passado e propor uma narrativa de protagonismo do povo negro, o trabalho é considerado uma atitude crítica, pois emerge no momento em que o discurso racista embala a ascensão das forças de extrema direita. A recepção e circulação da história em quadrinhos será orientada pela política de reconhcimento, não apenas porque esta é uma intenção explícita de seu autor, mas também pela importância que a temática adquiriu no Brasil nos últimos anos.
Modalidades da crítica midiática em tempos críticos
Authors: Soares Rosana de Lima
Published: September 2023

Editorial da edição 33 / número 17
Construindo o Programa de Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos do Município de Pindamonhangaba-SP
Authors: Silva Sandra Maria Pereira da , Moraes Iracélis Fátima de , Curcio Beatriz Franco
Published: September 2023

O Programa de Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterapia na rede pública de saúde do município de Pindamonhangaba iniciou-se em 1990. Ao longo deste período estabeleceram-se várias ações dentro de uma proposta metodológica que tem possibilitado a continuidade e manutenção deste serviço no SUS.
Entrevista: Entre o arranjo produtivo local e o mercado farmacêutico industrial: contrariedades da oferta pública de fitoterápicos em Ribeirão Preto
Authors: Carlessi Pedro Crepaldi , Silva Katellyn Costa
Published: September 2023

Nesta entrevista, Lúcia Helena Terenciani Rodrigues Pereira apresenta o itinerário seguido por Ribeirão Preto/SP ao implementar a oferta de fitoterápicos no município.
Memória das estratégias e práticas da fitoterapia em Sorocaba: entrevista com Jaqueline Simões Rosa
Authors: Doneida Victor Carlos
Published: September 2023

Nesta entrevista, Jaqueline Simões Rosa apresenta a experiência da cidade de Sorocaba/SP na implantação da fitoterapia no sistema público de saúde.
Entrevista: Agricultura familiar e controle social da saúde: princípios- ativos do fitoterápico público no Brasil. Uma entrevista com Maria José Martins de Souza
Authors: Carlessi Pedro Crepaldi , Azeredo Maria Victória
Published: September 2023

Nesta entrevista, Maria José Martins de Souza fala sobre o percurso de construção da Política Estadual de Plantas Medicinais e Aromáticas, e sobre vivências do passado como uma forma de imaginar outros futuros possíveis para a saúde pública no Estado paulista.
Global Cardio Oncology Registry (G-COR): Registry Design, Primary Objectives, and Future Perspectives of a Multicenter Global Initiative
Authors: Teske Arco J. , Moudgil Rohit , López-Fernández Teresa , Barac Ana , Brown Sherry Ann , Deswal Anita , Neilan Tomas G. , Ganatra Sarju , Abdel Qadir Husam , Menon Venu , Sverdlov Aaron L. , Cheng Richard K. , Makhoul Silvia , Ghosh Arjun K. , Szmit Sebastian , Zaha Vlad , Addison Daniel , Zhang Lili , Herrmann Joerg , Chong Jun H. , Agarwala Vivek , Iakobishvili Zaza , Guerrero Patricia , Yang Eric H. , Leja Monika , Akhter Nausheen , Guha Avirup , Okwuosa Tochukwu M. , Silva Carolina Carvalho , Collier Patrick , DeCara Jeanne , Bauer Brenton , Lenneman Carrie E. , Sadler Diego
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:

Global collaboration in cardio-oncology is needed to understand the prevalence of cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity in different risk groups, practice settings, and geographic locations. There are limited data on the socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities that may impact access to care and outcomes. To address these gaps, we established the Global Cardio-Oncology Registry, a multinational, multicenter prospective registry.

METHODS:

We assembled cardiologists and oncologists from academic and community settings to collaborate in the first Global Cardio-Oncology Registry. Subsequently, a survey for site resources, demographics, and intention to participate was conducted. We designed an online data platform to facilitate this global initiative.

RESULTS:

A total of 119 sites responded to an online questionnaire on their practices and main goals of the registry: 49 US sites from 23 states and 70 international sites from 5 continents indicated a willingness to participate in the Global Cardio-Oncology Registry. Sites were more commonly led by cardiologists (85/119; 72%) and were more often university/teaching (81/119; 68%) than community based (38/119; 32%). The average number of cardio-oncology patients treated per month was 80 per site. The top 3 Global Cardio-Oncology Registry priorities in cardio-oncology care were breast cancer, hematologic malignancies, and patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Executive and scientific committees and specific committees were established. A pilot phase for breast cancer using Research Electronic Data Capture Cloud platform recently started patient enrollment.

CONCLUSIONS:

We present the structure for a global collaboration. Information derived from the Global Cardio-Oncology Registry will help understand the risk factors impacting cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity in different geographic locations and therefore contribute to reduce access gaps in cardio-oncology care. Risk calculators will be prospectively derived and validated.
Association of Socioeconomic Status With Life's Essential 8 Varies by Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Williams Amaris , Nolan Timiya S. , Brock Guy , Garner Jennifer , Brewer LaPrincess C. , Sanchez Eduardo J. , Joseph Joshua J.
Published: September 2023

Background

The American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8 (LE8) are 8 risk factors for cardiovascular disease, with poor attainment across all racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups. Attainment is lowest among Americans of low socioeconomic status (SES). Evidence suggests the association of SES with LE8 may vary by race and ethnicity.

Methods and Results

The association of 4 SES categories (education, income‐to‐poverty line ratio, employment, insurance) with LE8 was computed in age‐adjusted linear regression models, with an interaction term for race and ethnicity, using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, years 2011 to 2018. The sample (n=13 529) had a median age of 48 years (51% female) with weighting to be representative of the US population. The magnitude of positive association of college education (relative to ≤high school) with LE8 was greater among non‐Hispanic White Americans (NHWA) compared with non‐Hispanic Black Americans, Hispanic Americans, and non‐Hispanic Asian Americans (all interactions
P
<0.001). NHWA had a greater magnitude of positive association of income‐to‐poverty line ratio with LE8, compared with non‐Hispanic Black Americans, Hispanic Americans, and non‐Hispanic Asian Americans (all interactions
P
<0.001). NHWA with Medicaid compared with private insurance had a greater magnitude of negative association with LE8 compared with non‐Hispanic Black Americans, non‐Hispanic Asian Americans, or Hispanic Americans (all interactions
P
<0.01). NHWA unemployed due to disability or health condition (compared with employed) had a greater magnitude of negative association with LE8 than non‐Hispanic Black Americans, non‐Hispanic Asian Americans, or Hispanic Americans (all interactions
P
<0.05).

Conclusions

The magnitude of association of SES with LE8 is greatest among NHWA. More research is needed on SES's role in LE8 attainment in minority group populations.
Association Between Onset of Type 2 Diabetes and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in New Zealanders With Impaired Glucose Tolerance Over 25 Years
Authors: Yu Dahai , Qu Bingjie , Osuagwu Uchechukwu Levi , Pickering Karen , Baker John , Cutfield Richard , Cai Yamei , Orr‐Walker Brandon J. , Sundborn Gerhard , Zhao Zhanzheng , Simmons David
Published: September 2023

Background

The association between the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and atrial fibrillation (AF) risk in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the incident onset of T2D and 5‐ and 10‐year (after the landmark period) risks of AF in people with IGT identified in South and West Auckland primary care settings between 1994 and 2019.

Methods and Results

We compared AF risk in patients with IGT with and without newly diagnosed T2D within a 1‐ to 5‐year exposure window. Tapered matching and landmark analysis (to address immortal bias) were used to control for confounding variables. The cohorts incorporated 785 patients who had T2D newly diagnosed within 5 years from enrollment (landmark date) and 15 079 patients without a T2D diagnosis. Patients progressing to T2D exhibited significantly higher 5‐year (after the landmark period) AF risk (hazard ratio [HR], 1.34 [95% CI, 1.10–1.63]) and 10‐year (after the landmark period) AF risk (HR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.02–1.62]) compared with those without incident T2D. The association was more pronounced among men, older patients, socioeconomically deprived individuals, current smokers, those with higher metabolic measures, and lower renal function. New Zealand European ethnicity was associated with a lower 5‐ and 10‐year risk of AF.

Conclusions

This study found a mediating effect of T2D on the risk of AF in a population with IGT in New Zealand. The development of risk scores and future replication studies can help identify and guide management of individuals with IGT at the highest risk of AF following incident T2D.
Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Echocardiographic Estimation of Left Atrial Hypertension in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Mukai Yasuhiro , Nakanishi Koki , Daimon Masao , Iwama Kentaro , Yoshida Yuriko , Hirose Kazutoshi , Yamamoto Yuko , Seki Hikari , Nakao Tomoko , Oshima Tsukasa , Matsubara Takumi , Shimizu Yu , Oguri Gaku , Kojima Toshiya , Hasumi Eriko , Fujiu Katsuhito , Morita Hiroyuki , Komuro Issei
Published: September 2023

Background

Elevated left atrial (LA) pressure predisposes individuals to the initiation and persistence of atrial fibrillation (AF), and LA hypertension is associated with AF recurrence after catheter ablation (CA). However, the exact frequency and factors associated with LA hypertension are unknown, and its noninvasive estimation is challenging. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and determinants of LA hypertension in patients with AF who underwent first CA.

Methods and Results

We examined 183 patients with AF who underwent conventional and speckle‐tracking echocardiography before CA to assess LA size, reservoir strain, and stiffness. Direct LA pressure was measured at the time of CA, and LA hypertension was defined as mean LA pressure >15 mm Hg. Thirty‐three (18.0%) patients exhibited LA hypertension. Patients with LA hypertension had a significantly larger LA volume index (40.2 [28.4–52.1] versus 34.1 [26.9–42.4] mL/m
2
,
P
=0.025), reduced LA reservoir strain (15.1 [10.4–21.7] versus 22.7 [14.4–32.3] %,
P
=0.002) and increased LA stiffness (0.69 [0.34–0.99] versus 0.36 [0.24–0.54],
P
<0.001). Multivariable analyses showed that waist circumference, C‐reactive protein level, LA reservoir strain, and LA stiffness were independently associated with LA hypertension (all
P
<0.05), while LA volume and E/e’ ratio were not. Among echocardiographic parameters, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified LA stiffness as the best predictor of LA hypertension.

Conclusions

Approximately 20% of patients with AF who underwent CA had LA hypertension. Central obesity and inflammation might be involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of LA hypertension, and echocardiography‐derived LA stiffness may have clinical utility for the detection of LA hypertension before CA.
Lipoprotein(a) Testing Trends in a Large Academic Health System in the United States
Authors: Bhatia Harpreet S. , Hurst Samantha , Desai Paresh , Zhu Wenhong , Yeang Calvin
Published: September 2023

Background

Despite its high prevalence and clinical significance, clinical measurement of lipoprotein(a) is rare but has not been systematically quantified. We assessed the prevalence of lipoprotein(a) testing overall, in those with various cardiovascular disease (CVD) conditions and in those undergoing cardiac testing across 6 academic medical centers associated with the University of California, in total and by year from 2012 to 2021.

Methods and Results

In this observational study, data from the University of California Health Data Warehouse on the number of individuals with unique lipoprotein(a) testing, unique CVD diagnoses (using
International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision
[
ICD‐10
], codes), and other unique cardiac testing were collected. The proportion of total individuals, the proportion of individuals with a given CVD diagnosis, and the proportion of individuals with a given cardiac test and lipoprotein(a) testing any time during the study period were calculated. From 2012 to 2021, there were 5 553 654 unique adults evaluated in the University of California health system, of whom 18 972 (0.3%) had lipoprotein(a) testing. In general, those with lipoprotein(a) testing were more likely to be older, men, and White race, with a greater burden of CVD. Lipoprotein(a) testing was performed in 6469 individuals with ischemic heart disease (2.9%), 836 with aortic stenosis (3.1%), 4623 with family history of CVD (3.3%), 1202 with stroke (1.7%), and 612 with coronary artery calcification (6.1%). For most conditions, the prevalence of testing in the same year as the diagnosis of CVD was relatively stable, with a small upward trend over time. Lipoprotein(a) testing was performed in 10 753 individuals (1.8%) who had lipid panels, with higher rates with more specialized testing, including coronary computed tomography angiography (6.8%) and apolipoprotein B (63.0%).

Conclusions

Lipoprotein(a) testing persists at low rates, even among those with diagnosed CVD, and remained relatively stable over the study period.
An Analysis on Needs for National Parks by Age Group using Semantic Network Analysis
Authors: Lee Jae-hyuck , Koo Kyung Ah
Published: September 2023

Background and objective: National parks are places people from all walks of life can utilize. However, many existing studies are limited in suggesting management plans that fit the characteristics of different age groups of people visiting national parks. Therefore, this study aims to identify the requirements for national parks and set the direction for national park services by age group.Methods: This study collected the requirements for national parks from 902 people of different ages through an online self-administered questionnaire and analyzed them through semantic link network analysis.Results: As a result of the analysis, there were management requirements in two areas related to the environment (rubbish and ecological environment, facilities environment such as safety and forest fires) and one area related to the economy, and a monitoring system for rubbish and ecological environment and a private land management policy for the economy were identified as alternatives. The younger generation was interested in environmental issues, the older generation was interested in economic issues, and the elderly was interested in the facilities environment for safety and forest fires. Therefore, it was found that environmental campaigns should be conducted for the younger generation, admission fees and parking rates should be improved for the older generation, and a safe tour environment should be provided for the elderly.Conclusion: The needs analysis found that it is necessary to establish a monitoring system for all national parks from an environmental perspective and improve the management policy about private land from an economic perspective. Furthermore, environmental campaigns and events were required for the younger generation, benefits related to entrance fees for the elderly, and policies to create a safe facilities environment for the elderly. Establishing such national park policies will improve the satisfaction of users.
The Effect of Police Officers’ Gardening Activity Level, Plant Preferences, and Key Variables on Resilience
Authors: Jang Hye Sook , Kang Yun-Im , Suh Jung Nam , Seo Kyung Hye , Ahn Myung Suk , Ryu Doo Young
Published: September 2023

Background and objective: This study examines the effect of gardening activity level, plant preference, and key variables of police officers on resilience.Methods: A total of 105 male and female respondents with an average age of 40.6 ± 9.3 were surveyed and analyzed.Results: Respondents with older age, higher education, higher average monthly income, and longer period of service tended to show higher means of gardening activity level. Among the three factors of resilience (control, sociability, and positivity), control was higher in the graduate school group than other groups, showing statistical significance. Tulipa spp. and Narcissus spp. showed the highest preferences among the 8 cultivars of flowering plants, followed by Iris spp., Dahlia spp., Allium giantium, Eustoma grandiflourm, Zantedeschia spp. > Lilium Oriental Hybrids. And, as a result of examining the preferences for 6 plant colors, yellow and green were preferred the most, followed by white, blue, orange, and then red, showing statistical significance. The resilience of police officers showed a positive correlation with gardening activity level, multidimensional calling, job satisfaction, and plant preferences, and a negative correlation with stress level and job burnout, showing statistical significance. Regression analysis was conducted to determine the effect of gardening activity level, plant cultivar and color preference, multidimensional calling measure, job burnout, stress level, and demographic variables (control variables) on resilience. The results showed that job burnout had the greatest impact on resilience. The results of this study suggest that it will be possible to increase the resilience effect for police officers with severe trauma by using mostly yellow plants when forming gardens in the streets or the workplaces of police officers, and also by using Tulipa spp. for spring.Conclusion: The resilience effect of the natural environment through the application of plants to police officers with severe occupational trauma could improve the quality of life and relieve stress.
Analysis of Perceived Restorativeness, Restoration Outcomes, and Plant Preference of Garden Visitors: Focusing on National Gardens, Local Gardens, and Private Gardens
Authors: Kim Hee-ran , Kim Jae-sun , Jo Jun-young , Shin Won-sop
Published: September 2023

Background and objective: This study was conducted to provide basic data for more active use of gardens by analyzing perceived restorativeness, restoration outcomes, and plant preference of garden visitors.Methods: The study was conducted from April 20 to June 25, 2022 on 6 research sites including national gardens, local gardens, and private gardens, and a survey was conducted on 360 adults who agreed to participate in the study. Perceived restorativeness, restoration outcomes, and plant preference of garden visitors were measured. Frequency analysis, one-way ANOVA, chi-square test, Pearson's correlation analysis, and simple linear regression analysis were conducted for data analysis using the SPSS Statistics 19.0.Results: The results of this study are as follows. Perceived restorativeness (F = 4.507, p < .05) and restoration outcomes (F = 3.321, p < .05) of garden visitors showed statistically significant differences by group. Preference for plants with a lot of fragrance (F = 4.125, p < .05) and large-flowered plants (F = 3.155, p < .05) showed statistically significant differences by group, and the preference was high. Perceived restorativeness, restoration outcomes, and plant preference mostly showed significant positive correlations. Perceived restorativeness had a positive effect on restoration outcomes and plant preference, and restoration outcomes had a positive effect on plant preference.Conclusion: Gardens can serve as a restorative environment providing visitors with relaxation and psychological stability. It is necessary to reflect the design elements of a healing environment that lead to positive restorative effects on garden design and to plant preferred plants in the gardens.
New synonym and lectotypifications in Lorostemon (Clusiaceae: Symphonieae)
Authors: FERREIRA-SILVA SILVIA LARISSA , MOUZINHO THIAGO M. , HOPKINS MICHAEL G. J. , MARINHO LUCAS C.
Published: September 2023

N/A
Lectotypifications of names pertaining to Malesian Dillenia and Tetracera (Dilleniaceae)
Authors: NEO LOUISE
Published: September 2023

N/A
The Composite Response of Traveling Planetary Waves in the Middle Atmosphere Surrounding Sudden Stratospheric Warmings through an Overreflection Perspective
Authors: Rhodes C. Todd , Limpasuvan Varavut , Orsolini Yvan
Published: September 2023

Traveling planetary waves surrounding sudden stratospheric warming events can result from direct propagation from below or in situ generation. They can have significant impacts on the circulation in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Our study runs a series of ensembles initialized from the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, version 4, nudged up to 50 km by 6-hourly Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Application, version 2, reanalysis to compile a library of sudden stratospheric warming events. To our knowledge, we present the first composite or ensemble study that attempts to link direct propagation and in situ generation by evaluating the wave geometries associated with the overreflection perspective, a framework used to describe how planetary waves interact with critical and turning levels. The present study looks at the evolution of these interactions through the onset of sudden stratospheric warmings with an elevated stratopause (ES-SSWs). Robust and unique features of ES-SSWs are determined by employing an ensemble study that compares ES-SSWs with normal winters. Our study evaluates the production and impacts of westward-propagating, quasi-stationary, and eastward-propagating planetary waves surrounding ES-SSWs. Our results show that eastward-propagating planetary waves are generated within the westward stratospheric wind layer after ES-SSW onset which aids in restoring the eastward stratospheric wind. The interaction of quasi-stationary and westward-propagating waves with the westward stratospheric wind is explored from an overreflection perspective and reaffirms that westward-propagating planetary waves are produced from instabilities at the top of the westward stratospheric wind reversal.
Quantifying the Spatial Unevenness of Precipitation in Central and Eastern China
Authors: Li Jian , Yu Rucong , Yue Xiaoyuan , Zhang Mingming , Li Nina
Published: September 2023

Spatial unevenness, especially local unevenness, is a key characteristic of precipitation and has the potential to be a metric to gauge the performance of high-resolution models. In this paper, a local unevenness index (LUI) is proposed to quantify the heterogeneity of precipitation in central and eastern China. The local unevenness of precipitation is dominantly influenced by local topography, and high LUIs spatially correspond to high local terrain relief. Along 30°N, the correlation coefficient between the LUI and local relief reaches 0.893. Stations with large enhancement and steep gradients in precipitation are identified as local maximum (LM) stations. According to the distinct impacts of various scales of terrain, all 59 LM stations are categorized into three groups: the high-elevation group, the edge group, and the eastern isolated-mountain group. The three groups present different distributions of precipitation with altitude: a double-peak pattern in the high-elevation group, a low-altitude peak in the edge group, and a high-altitude peak in the eastern isolated-mountain group. The seasonal variations in all groups are characterized by relatively more precipitation occurring at higher (lower) elevations in the warm (cold) season. The high-elevation group shows a general increasing (decreasing) frequency tendency with altitude in the warm (cold) season. The low-altitude (high-altitude) frequency peak in the edge (eastern isolated-mountain) group is more prominent in the cold (warm) season. The LUI and LM can be used as straightforward and quantified metrics to measure the performance of high-resolution models in reproducing the local-scale features of precipitation and their seasonal variations.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this study is to promote the knowledge of precipitation unevenness on a local scale. This is important to hydrological processes and water resource management. Our results provide LUI and LM to quantify the spatial unevenness of precipitation on a local scale and further analyze the climatic characteristics and the seasonal variations of precipitation unevenness over central and eastern China. These metrics can be used as quantitative criteria to evaluate the performance of high-resolution models.
Plasma Parameters During Nanoparticle-Enhanced Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (NELIBS) in the Presence of Nanoparticle–Protein Conjugates
Authors: Dell’Aglio Marcella , Mallardi Antonia , Gaudiuso Rosalba , Giacomo Alessandro De
Published: September 2023

Nanoparticle-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (NELIBS) is an optical emission technique based on the laser-induced plasma (LIP) on a sample after the deposition of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) on its surface. The employment of the NPs allows an enhancement of the signal with respect to the one obtained with the conventional laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) enabling an extremely high sensitivity and very low limits of detection compared with the LIBS performance. Recently, NELIBS was used for monitoring the NP protein corona formation. As a matter of fact, the NPs in the presence of proteins adsorbed on the surface change their surface properties, therefore the sensing of protein corona formation was possible because of the strong dependence of NELIBS effects on the NP organization on the substrate, which in turn is deeply affected by the surface properties of the NPs. A correlation was found between NELIBS enhancement and the structure of the NP–protein conjugate in terms of protein content absorbed on the NP surface. An interesting question that was not yet exploited regards the role of LIP during the NELIBS when the NPs are covered with proteins. Since the presence of organic matter can strongly quench the LIP emission, the study of the LIP properties during protein corona sensing by NELIBS is of interest for two main reasons: (i) to understand whether the plasma parameters can vary in the presence of proteins adsorbed on the NP surface and (ii) to investigate how and if the plasma parameters themselves can influence the NELIBS processes. With this aim, the study of plasma parameters, i.e., electron densities and temperatures, during the sensing of NP protein corona by NELIBS is presented and discussed. The NPs used during these experiments were ultrapure gold NPs (AuNPs) produced by pulsed laser ablation in liquid, which are stable without any stabilizer. The human serum albumin protein is used to form AuNP–protein conjugates further deposited on a titanium target in NELIBS measurements. Dynamic light scattering, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, and laser Doppler electrophoresis for ζ-potential determination were employed to monitor the protein coverage of NP surface in the conjugate solutions before the NELIBS measurements.
Can artificial intelligence replace biochemists? A study comparing interpretation of thyroid function test results by ChatGPT and Google Bard to practising biochemists
Authors: Stevenson Emma , Walsh Chelsey , Hibberd Luke
Published: September 2023

Background

Public awareness of artificial intelligence (AI) is increasing and this novel technology is being used for a range of everyday tasks and more specialist clinical applications. On a background of increasing waits for GP appointments alongside patient access to laboratory test results through the NHS app, this study aimed to assess the accuracy and safety of two AI tools, ChatGPT and Google Bard, in providing interpretation of thyroid function test results as if posed by laboratory scientists or patients.

Methods

Fifteen fictional cases were presented to a team of clinicians and clinical scientists to produce a consensus opinion. The cases were then presented to ChatGPT and Google Bard as though from healthcare providers and from patients. The responses were categorized as correct, partially correct or incorrect compared to consensus opinion and the advice assessed for safety to patients.

Results

Of the 15 cases presented, ChatGPT and Google Bard correctly interpreted only 33.3% and 20.0% of cases, respectively. When queries were posed as a patient, 66.7% of ChatGPT responses were safe compared to 60.0% of Google Bard responses. Both AI tools were able to identify primary hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism but failed to identify subclinical presentations, non-thyroidal illness or secondary hypothyroidism.

Conclusions

This study has demonstrated that AI tools do not currently have the capacity to generate consistently correct interpretation and safe advice to patients and should not be used as an alternative to a consultation with a qualified medical professional. Available AI in its current form cannot replace human clinical knowledge in this scenario.
Investigation of circulating infectious agents in experimental Beagle dogs of a production colony and three research facilities in China from June 2021 to May 2022
Authors: Zhao Yue , Wang Panlong , Qu Xueting , Yuan Kunpeng , Zhu Suzhen , Wang Sen , Luan Qingdong , Zhou Hao , Yin Yue , Zhao Zijing , Gao Yongjuan , Chen Shuzhen , Lu Yanjing , Wang Jianlin , Yin Yanbo
Published: September 2023

To understand the epizootiologic characteristics of pathogens and opportunistic infections in one Beagle dog production colony and three research facilities, viruses and mycoplasma were detected in 1777 samples collected from Beagle dogs in China by polymerase chain reaction/reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and bacteria were isolated and identified by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. In addition, genotyping of the major circulating viruses was carried out by amplification of gene fragments and homology analysis. Canine coronavirus (CCoV), Escherichia coli, canine parvovirus (CPV), Bordetella bronchiseptica, Clostridium perfringens, Mycoplasma cynos, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus canis, canine astrovirus (CaAstV), canine kobuvirus (CaKV), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Macrococcus canis, Pasteurella canis, canine bocavirus (CBoV) and canine adenovirus (CAdV) were detected in the samples. Single, double, triple and quadruple infections accounted for 6.6%, 1.4%, 1.2% and 0.96% of samples, respectively. CCoV strains in 81 samples included three genotypes, CCoV-I, CCoV-IIa and CCoV-IIb, by analysis of S gene. The rate of single infection of CCoV-I, CCoV-IIa or CCoV-IIb was 19%, 38% or 7.4% respectively. The double and triple infection rates of CCoV were 32.8% and 2.5% respectively. All CPV strains in 36 samples belonged to CPV-2c. There were three amino acid differences in the Fiber protein of CAdV-positive sample QD2022, compared with the reference strain Toronto A26/61 and the vaccine strain YCA-18. These results suggest that CCoV and CPV are primary infectious agents, and that these two viruses were often identified in mixed infections, or coinfections alongside mycoplasma or other bacteria. These results will provide the basis for improvements in prevention and control of naturally occurring infectious diseases in Beagle dog production colonies and research facilities.
The input reduction principle of agroecology is wrong when it comes to mineral fertilizer use in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Falconnier Gatien N , Cardinael Rémi , Corbeels Marc , Baudron Frédéric , Chivenge Pauline , Couëdel Antoine , Ripoche Aude , Affholder François , Naudin Krishna , Benaillon Emilie , Rusinamhodzi Leonard , Leroux Louise , Vanlauwe Bernard , Giller Ken E
Published: September 2023

Can farmers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) boost crop yields and improve food availability without using more mineral fertilizer? This question has been at the center of lively debates among the civil society, policy-makers, and in academic editorials. Proponents of the “yes” answer have put forward the “input reduction” principle of agroecology, i.e. by relying on agrobiodiversity, recycling and better efficiency, agroecological practices such as the use of legumes and manure can increase crop productivity without the need for more mineral fertilizer. We reviewed decades of scientific literature on nutrient balances in SSA, biological nitrogen fixation of tropical legumes, manure production and use in smallholder farming systems, and the environmental impact of mineral fertilizer. Our analyses show that more mineral fertilizer is needed in SSA for five reasons: (i) the starting point in SSA is that agricultural production is “agroecological” by default, that is, very low mineral fertilizer use, widespread mixed crop-livestock systems and large crop diversity including legumes, but leading to poor soil fertility as a result of widespread soil nutrient mining, (ii) the nitrogen needs of crops cannot be adequately met solely through biological nitrogen fixation by legumes and recycling of animal manure, (iii) other nutrients like phosphorus and potassium need to be replaced continuously, (iv) mineral fertilizers, if used appropriately, cause little harm to the environment, and (v) reducing the use of mineral fertilizers would hamper productivity gains and contribute indirectly to agricultural expansion and to deforestation. Yet, the agroecological principles directly related to soil fertility—recycling, efficiency, diversity—remain key in improving soil health and nutrient-use efficiency, and are critical to sustaining crop productivity in the long run. We argue for a nuanced position that acknowledges the critical need for more mineral fertilizers in SSA, in combination with the use of agroecological practices and adequate policy support.
The journey of subalternity in Gayatri Spivak’s work: Its sociological relevance
Authors: Piu Piermarco
Published: September 2023

This article explores Gayatri Spivak’s journey of subalternity, demonstrating the empirical and sociological salience of this category beyond its theoretical and epistemic features, by highlighting its potential for increasing our understanding of society and bringing about social change. This argument contests assumptions in the literature about an epistemic/empirical fracture in Spivak’s work, recasting her theoretical frameworks as sociologically relevant. Moreover, it demonstrates that this sociological reading, although it goes ‘against the grain’ of Spivak’s own reticence about understanding subalternity sociologically, is well-founded: the theoretical-epistemic aspects of Spivak’s subalternity contribute to analyses about the situation of subaltern groups under colonialism and neoliberal globalisation and the means by which that subordination can be challenged. This illustrates that her conceptions of subalternity maintain sociological specificity vis-a-vis vague characterisations of subordination (e.g. oppression). Spivak’s later reflections on subalternity then grapple with the sociological deadlocks of her early approach: the disentanglement between subalternity and class exploitation. Her work thus delineates an explanatory matrix, interweaving sociological, philosophical and literary tools to explore entangled aspects of the subaltern condition. This systematic reading of Spivak’s approach expands and contests current scholarship, highlighting its sociologically compelling aspects and indicating the analytical and transformative potential of her matrix for future sociological debates on subalternity.
Investigation of the recycling of inorganic salts contained in the exhausted bath of cotton dyeing using reactive dyes
Authors: Xu Chengshu , Jiang Zheng , Ren Yan , Wu Mengting , Zhang Jing , Yang Lei Ou
Published: September 2023

The discharge of inorganic salts contained in the effluent of the dyeing of cotton using reactive dyes to the public environment has been under scrutiny. In the present investigation the flocculant polydimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride and an anion resin coded by D301 were employed for the purification of the exhausted bath discharged from the dyeing of cotton knitted fabrics using reactive dyes. Through the purification presented the exhausted bath is transferred to the concentrated inorganic salt solution and then reused in the next batch of dyeing. The process consists of the exhausted bath collection, precipitation formation by means of the flocculation and resin adsorption. The results indicated that the concentrated inorganic salt solution is suitable for all the reactive dyes employed in the dyeing of cotton. The K/S values, color evenness and color fastness properties of the dyed fabrics using the inorganic salt solution are basically the same as those using distilled water. The results also indicate that 72.0% of water and 71.1% of inorganic salt used for the dyeing can be saved when the inorganic solution is recycled four times, which means that the amount of the inorganic salt discharge to the environment can be reduced by 71.1%.
On the Wire: Analysing the evolution of BBC Local Radio, music radio and public service broadcasting
Authors: Ingham James
Published: September 2023

This paper examines the significance of On the Wire, a BBC local radio programme, that provides a unique lens through which to examine changes in local radio, music radio in general and public service broadcasting. The paper provides a concise history and an account of the On the Wire, along with an explanation of its impact. The paper offers reasons for the programme’s enduring appeal, including its ability to change and adapt, its emphasis on the local in a global context and its innovative approach to audience participation. The paper concludes by positing that the history of On the Wire provides valuable insights for broadcasters in general, highlighting key aspects that radio programmes can learn from its approach. By showcasing the possibilities of what local radio, music radio and public service broadcasting can be, On the Wire sets a positive example for what radio can achieve.
Reduced Fasting Duration in Cynomolgus Monkeys Enhances Animal Welfare During Toxicology Studies
Authors: Adedeji Adeyemi O. , Pourmohamad Tony , Tripathi Niraj , Zhong Shelly , Degner Kenna R. , Zhong Fiona , Sangaraju Dewakar , Williams Kevin , Dybdal Noel
Published: September 2023

During toxicology studies, fasting animals prior to clinical pathology blood collection is believed to reduce variability in some clinical chemistry analytes. However, fasting adds stress to animals that are already stressed from the administration of potentially toxic doses of the test article. The purpose of this study was to assess the impacts of different fasting durations on cynomolgus monkeys’ welfare during toxicology studies. To this end, we assessed the cynomolgus monkeys traditional and ancillary clinical pathology endpoints at different fasting times. We showed that most clinical pathology endpoints were largely comparable between different fasting times suggesting that cynomolgus monkeys could be fasted for as little as 4 hours for toxicology studies, as longer fasting times (up to 20 hours) resulted in stress, dehydration, and significant decreases in blood glucose- changes that impacts animal welfare. Shorter fasting times were associated with higher triglycerides variability among individual animals. Therefore, we propose that shorter fasting time (i.e., 4 hours) should be adequate for most toxicology studies except when: (1) parameters that could be affected by non-fasting conditions are important for safety and pharmacodynamic assessments (i.e., glucose and lipids) and (2) fasting would be needed for the bioavailability of an orally administered test article.
Who deserves exceptions in times of crisis? A comparison of policy responses to mitigate negative consequences for unemployed people and immigrants during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hernes Vilde , Staver Anne Balke
Published: September 2023

The boundaries for whom the welfare state should protect during times of crisis are not necessarily obvious. Deservingness studies have identified unemployed people and immigrants as groups perceived as 'less deserving' of welfare state support than other groups in need during ‘normal’ times. These two groups have in recent years been subject to more conditional requirements and an incentivizing rationale. In this article, we compare the policy responses for 1) unemployed people and 2) immigrants during the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway form 2020–2022. We ask: Who deserves exceptions in times of crisis? We find that a cross-partisan parliament introduced extensive economic relief packages and temporary regulations to mitigate negative financial consequences for unemployed persons and furloughed workers. Politicians argued that individuals were not to blame for their unfortunate financial circumstances during the pandemic, and that the welfare state had to take the larger share of the burden. However, the government chose not to make temporary exemptions from economic requirements for permanent residence or family reunification. It was explicitly stated that there was no reason to deviate (temporarily) from the general economic requirements during the pandemic, referring to the potential strain on the Norwegian welfare state if immigrants were not self-sufficient. We argue that the political rationale of incentives underlying these requirements falls short during economic crises and that this non-policy response illustrate new forms of welfare state chauvinism.
Electrical dry needling versus a non-invasive multicomponent intervention in the treatment of myofascial trigger points in patients with chronic low back pain: A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Lara-Palomo Inmaculada Carmen , Antequera-Soler Eduardo , Fernández-Sánchez Manuel , Castro-Sánchez Adelaida María , García-López Héctor
Published: September 2023

Objective

To compare the effects of electrical dry needling with a non-invasive multi-component intervention in patients with chronic low back pain.

Design

A randomised single-blind clinical trial.

Setting

Outpatient Physiotherapy Clinic; home.

Participants

Sixty-four patients with chronic low back pain aged 30–65 years.

Interventions

Six-week electrical dry needling on myofascial trigger points, and a non-invasive multicomponent intervention (home exercise programme, stretching and ischemic compression).

Main measures

Pain (Visual Analogue Scale), disability (Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire and Oswestry Disability Index), kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia), quality of life and sleep (Short Form 36-item Health Survey and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), isometric endurance of trunk flexor muscles (McQuade test), lumbar mobility in flexion (finger-to-floor distance), and pressure pain threshold (algometer) were assessed at baseline, after 6 weeks, and after 2 months.

Results

ANOVA showed statistically significant differences in group-by-time interaction for most pain pressure thresholds of myofascial trigger points ( P < 0.05), for disability (Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire: F = 6.14, P = 0.016; and Oswestry Disability Index: F = 7.36, P = 0.009), for trunk anteflexion (F = 10.03, P = 0.002) and for habitual sleep efficacy (F = 6.65, P = 0.012), use of hypnotics (F = 4.77, P = 0.033) and total score of quality of sleep (F = 8.23, P = 0.006).

Conclusions

In comparison to a non-invasive multicomponent intervention, electrical dry needling has more positive effects on disability, pain intensity, kinesiophobia, and reducing patients’ sensitivity to myofascial trigger points pressure, at post-treatment and at 2 months.

Clinical Trial Registration number

NCT04804228. Registered on May 28th, 2021. Available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04804228