bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of an off-the-shelf mobile telemedicine model in emergency department wound assessment and management
Authors: Van Dillen Christine , Silvestri Salvatore , Haney Marisa , Ralls George , Zuver Christian , Freeman Dave , Diaz Lissa , Papa Linda
Published: May 2013

We examined the agreement between a videoconference-based evaluation and a bedside evaluation in the management of acute traumatic wounds in an emergency department. Adult and paediatric patients with acute wounds of various severities to the face, trunk and/or extremities presenting to the emergency department within 24 hours of injury were enrolled. Research assistants transmitted video images of the wound to an emergency physician using a laptop computer. The physician completed a standard wound assessment form before conducting a bedside evaluation and then completing a second assessment form. The primary outcome measure was wound length and depth. We also assessed management decision-making. A total of 173 wounds were evaluated. The correlation coefficient between video and bedside assessments was 0.96 for wound length. The mean difference between the lengths was 0.02 cm (SD 0.91). Management of the wound would have been the same in 94% of cases. The agreement on wound characteristics and wound management ranged from 84-100%. The highest correlation was 0.92 in suture material used and the lowest correlation was 0.64 in wound type. The ability of video images to distinguish between a minor and non-minor wound, and predicting the need for hospital management, had high degrees of sensitivity and specificity. The study showed that wound characteristics and management decisions appear to correlate well between video and bedside evaluations.
Spanish-speaking patients’ engagement in interactive voice response (IVR) support calls for chronic disease self-management: data from three countries
Authors: Piette John D , Marinec Nicolle , Gallegos-Cabriales Esther C , Gutierrez-Valverde Juana Mercedes , Rodriguez-Saldaña Joel , Mendoz-Alevares Milton , Silveira Maria J
Published: May 2013

We measured Spanish-speaking patients’ engagement in Interactive Voice Response (IVR) calls using data from self-management support studies in Honduras, Mexico and the US. A total of 268 patients with diabetes or hypertension participated in 6-12 weeks of weekly IVR follow-up. Participants had an average of 6.1 years of education, and 73% of them were women. After 2443 person-weeks of follow-up, patients had completed 1494 IVR assessments. The call completion rates were higher in the US (75%) than in Honduras (59%) or Mexico (61 %; P < 0.001). Patients participating with an informal caregiver were more likely to complete calls (adjusted odds ratio 1.5; P = 0.03) while patients reporting fair or poor health at enrolment were less likely (adjusted odds ratio 0.59; P = 0.02). Satisfaction rates were high, with 98% of patients reporting that the system was easy to use, and 86% reporting that the calls helped them a great deal in managing their health problems. IVR self-management support is feasible among Spanish-speaking patients with chronic disease, including those living in less-developed countries. Involving informal caregivers may increase patient engagement.
Effects of Tooth Scaling Reminders for Dental Outpatients
Authors: Cheng Chi-Chia J , Li Chung-Yi , Hu Yih-Jin , Shen Hsi-Che , Huang Shay-Min
Published: May 2013

We investigated the effect of sending reminders for patients to attend appointments for tooth scaling. A total of 389 outpatients were assigned to three intervention groups (reminders sent by postcard, mobile-phone text message or telephone call) and one control group. Reminders accompanied by short health education messages were sent to patients in each of the intervention groups. The outpatient revisiting behaviour of the patients was monitored. Patients who were reminded to come in for tooth scaling were 2.6 (95% CI 1.3–5.4) to 2.9 (CI 1.1 −7.8) times more likely to revisit compared to those who were not reminded. For every one point increase in the patient satisfaction score, patients were 3.8 (CI 1.2–11.6) times more likely to revisit. Patients with a high level of patient satisfaction and who had also received a reminder had the highest return rates (26%). Most patients (89–96%) had good feelings regarding the reminders; 65% of the patients agreed that reminders had enhanced their intention to revisit; 91 % of patients hoped to continue to receive reminders concerning broader dental health information. A reminder combined with health education is an effective way of improving preventative dental visiting behaviour.
Effects of Self-Management Health Information Technology on Glycaemic Control for Patients with Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Tao Da , Or Calvin KL
Published: May 2013

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which had evaluated self-management health information technology (SMHIT) for glycaemic control in patients with diabetes. A total of 43 RCTs was identified, which reported on 52 control-intervention comparisons. The glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) data were pooled using a random effects meta-analysis method, followed by a meta-regression and subgroup analyses to examine the effects of a set of moderators. The meta-analysis showed that use of SMHITs was associated with a significant reduction in HbA1c compared to usual care, with a pooled standardized mean difference of −030% (95% CI −039 to −0.21, P < 0.001). Sample size, age, study setting, type of application and method of data entry significantly moderated the effects of SMHIT use. The review supports the use of SMHITs as a self-management approach to improve glycaemic control. The effect of SMHIT use is significantly greater when the technology is a web-based application, when a mechanism for patients’ health data entry is provided (manual or automatic) and when the technology is operated in the home or without location restrictions. Integrating these variables into the design of SMHITs may augment the effectiveness of the interventions.
Design and Pilot Results of a Mobile Phone Weight-Loss Application for Women Starting a Meal Replacement Programme
Authors: Brindal Emily , Hendrie Gilly , Freyne Jill , Coombe Mac , Berkovsky Shlomo , Noakes Manny
Published: May 2013

We developed and tested a mobile phone application (app) to support individuals embarking on a partial meal replacement programme (MRP). Overweight or obese women were randomly allocated to one of two study groups. The intervention group received an MRP Support app. The control group received a static app based on the information available with the MRP. A total of 58 adult women (Support n = 28; Control n = 30) participated in the 8-week trial. Their BMI was 26-43 kg/m2. Usage data suggested that the intervention group were more engaged with using the app throughout the study period. Mixed modelling revealed that the difference in weight loss between the intervention and control groups (estimated mean, EM = 3.2% and 2.2% respectively) was not significant ( P = 0.08). Objective data suggested that users of the Support app were more engaged than those using the control app. A total of 1098 prompts (54%) asking people in the intervention group to enter their meals were completed prior to the evening prompt. Women in the intervention group reported a greater increase in positive affect (i.e. mood) than those in the control group (EM = 0.48 and −0.01, respectively) ( P = 0.012). At Week 8, those in the control group reported a greater decrease in the effort they were willing to put into staying on the diet than those who received the Support app (EM = −2.8 and −1.4, respectively) ( P = 0.024). The Support app could be a useful adjunct to existing MRPs for psychological outcomes.
Teledentistry: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Mariño Rodrigo , Ghanim Aghareed
Published: May 2013

We conducted a systematic review of teledentistry applications. We searched the MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases for relevant articles published from 1992 to 2012. The reference lists of all retrieved articles were hand-searched. Studies were included after assessing the eligibility of the full-text article. A total of 878 studies were identified, of which 59 fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the review. The articles covered several dental specialties, mostly oral surgery, oral medicine and oral pathology. The most common type of teledentistry application was education ( n = 21), followed by diagnosis ( n = 1 6), consultation ( n = 3) and treatment ( n = 2). Teledentistry studies were reported in a total of 15 countries. The largest number of studies were conducted in the US ( n = 22) and there were no studies from developing countries. Most of the reports referred to pilot projects and short-term outcomes, and most of the studies were descriptive. The review indicates that although teledentistry is an area of expansion, there are still some barriers to its increased use.
A Randomised Trial of Telemedicine-Based Treatment Versus Conventional Hospitalisation in Patients with Severe Copd and Exacerbation – Effect on Self-Reported Outcome
Authors: Schou Lone , Østergaard Birte , Rydahl-Hansen Susan , Rasmussen Lars S , Emme Christina , Jakobsen Anna Svarre , Phanareth Klaus
Published: May 2013

We investigated self-reported outcome in patients with COPD and exacerbation. Consecutive patients were randomised to an intervention group with home telemedicine and a control group who had conventional hospital admission. We assessed Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) using the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire, daily activity using Instrumental Activity of Daily Living, anxiety and depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and self-assessed cognitive decline using Subjective Cognitive Functioning. Data were collected at 3 days, 6 weeks and 3 months after discharge. There were 22 patients in each group. Their baseline characteristics were similar: a mean age of 70 years, FEV1 42% predicted and oxygen saturation 95%. After 6 weeks, FEV1 had improved in both groups, to 1.2 L in the intervention group and 1.0 L in the control group. Oxygen saturation had improved in the intervention group from 94% to 96%. Regarding HRQoL, there was a non-significant ( P= 0.05) improvement in the symptom score in favour of the control group, but the improvement was not maintained after three months. However, there were no significant differences in self-reported outcomes in COPD patients with exacerbation treated at home via telemedicine versus conventionally in hospital.
A Pilot Study of a Novel Home Telemonitoring System for Oncology Patients Receiving Chemotherapy
Authors: Nimako Kofi , Lu Shir-Kiong , Ayite Bee , Priest Kathy , Winkley Andrew , Gunapala Ranga , Popat Sanjay , O'Brien Mary ER
Published: May 2013

We examined the accuracy and acceptability of a home telemonitoring system for patients receiving chemotherapy. Patients undergoing two cycles of chemotherapy (over six weeks) used the telemonitoring system to analyse their own blood (capillary) and to enter symptom and temperature data. The blood results obtained from self-testing were compared with those from a venous blood sample analysed in the hospital laboratory analyser (the gold standard). We also documented the number and type of alerts generated by the telemonitoring system. Acceptability (ease of use and patient satisfaction) was assessed using questionnaires. Ten patients (mean age 61 years, 60% female) provided 48-paired samples. None of the patients succeeded in obtaining all blood results within pre-defined limits of agreement (i.e. within 15% for haemoglobin, haematocrit, white cell count; and 20% for neutrophil count) during the study. However, the level of clinical agreement between the system and the laboratory standard was good; only three out of the 48 samples and two out of the 10 patients had differences in blood results that might have had clinical implications. The telemonitoring system correctly generated 42 alerts. The patients found the telemonitoring system easy to use. With further refinement this should become an acceptable component of routine clinical practice for monitoring patients receiving chemotherapy.
Factors Affecting Frequency of Patient Use of Internet-Based Telemedicine to Manage Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Authors: Kothapalli Priya , Bove Alfred A , Santamore William P , Homko Carol , Kashem Abul
Published: May 2013

We examined the frequency of use by patients of a web-based reporting system to monitor and control cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. A total of 192 patients with intermediate or high CVD risk were categorized into four quartiles based on their frequency of use of the telemedicine reporting system over one year. The lowest frequency users (Quartile I) averaged 17 reporting days in one year and the highest frequency users (Quartile IV) averaged 211 reporting days in one year. Factors associated with more frequent use were overall knowledge of CVD ( P = 0.014), blood lipids ( P = 0.017), smoking ( P = 0.036), higher scores in medication self-efficacy ( P = 0.016) and higher income ( P = 0.002). All quartiles showed trends of decreasing systolic blood pressure from hypertensive (≥140 mm Hg) to pre-hypertensive (<140) ranges. Patients were able to lower CVD risk with as few as two transmissions per month using the telemedicine system. Telemedicine reporting coupled with self-assessment of health status can promote a strong patient-provider partnership for managing the chronic risk factors of CVD.
Clinical Course Outcomes for Store and Forward Teledermatology Versus Conventional Consultation: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Whited John D , Warshaw Erin M , Kapur Kush , Edison Karen E , Thottapurathu Lizy , Raju Srihari , Cook Bethany , Engasser Holly , Pullen Samantha , Moritz Thomas E , Datta Santanu K , Marty Lucinda , Foman Neal A , Suwattee Pitiporn , Ward Dana S , Reda Domenic J
Published: May 2013

We assessed the clinical course of patients after store and forward teledermatology in comparison with conventional consultations. Patients being referred from primary care to dermatology clinics were randomly assigned to teledermatology or a conventional consultation. A total of 392 patients were randomized; 261 patients completed the study and were included in the analysis. Their clinical course was rated on a five-point scale by a panel of three dermatologists, blinded to study assignment, who reviewed serial digital image sets. The clinical course was assessed by comparing images sets between baseline and first clinic visit (if one occurred) and between baseline and nine months. There was no evidence to suggest a difference between the two groups in either clinical course between baseline and nine months post-referral ( P = 0.88) or between baseline and the first dermatology clinic visit ( P = 0.65). Among teledermatology referrals, subsequent presentation for an in-person dermatology clinic visit was significantly correlated with clinical course ( P = 0.023). Store and forward teledermatology did not result in a significant difference in clinical course at either of two post-referral time periods.
Parenting and the parallel processes in parents’ counseling supervision for eating-related problems
Authors: Golan Moria
Published: May 2013

This paper presents an integrative model for supervising counselors of parents who face eating-related problems in their families. The model is grounded in the theory of parallel processes which occur during the supervision of health-care professionals as well as the counseling of parents and patients. The aim of this model is to conceptualize components and processes in the supervision space, in order to: (a) create a nurturing environment for health-care facilitators, parents and children, (b) better understand the complex and difficult nature of parenting, the challenge counselors face, and the skills and practices used in parenting and in counseling, and (c) better own practices and oppose the judgment that often dominates in counseling and supervision. This paper reflects upon the tradition of supervision and offers a comprehensive view of this process, including its challenges, skills and practices.
Development of the Sleep Quality Questionnaire in healthy adults
Authors: Kato Tsukasa
Published: May 2013

The Sleep Quality Questionnaire was developed and its reliability and validity were estimated. Four samples involving approximately 1400 Japanese college students and employees were used to examine the factor structure, the test–retest reliability, convergent validity, and incremental validity. Sleep Quality Questionnaire scores were associated with well-being, such as general health states, depressive symptoms, chronic fatigue, and quality of life. Test–retest estimates indicated that Sleep Quality Questionnaire scores were stable over an 8-week period. The Sleep Quality Questionnaire incrementally contributes to well-being even beyond the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and to sleep duration. Overall, the data suggest that the Sleep Quality Questionnaire scale is both reliable and valid.
Age and the role of restricted activities in adjustment to disability-related pain
Authors: Molton Ivan R , Hirsh Adam T , Smith Amanda E , Jensen Mark P
Published: May 2013

Chronic pain is common in individuals with multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury and is associated with depressed mood. This may be because pain creates interference in performing and enjoying valued activities. The importance of pain interference may also vary with age, since older adults may have lowered expectations regarding function. This study analyzed relationships among pain variables, age, and mood in 521 individuals with multiple sclerosis or spinal cord injury. As predicted, pain interference mediated the relationship between pain severity and depressed mood. There was no evidence that older adults were less distressed by pain interference than were younger adults.
Civic virtue and high commitment schools
Authors: Victoria Costa M
Published: May 2013

Sigal Ben-Porath objects to the educational strategies of a number of high commitment charter schools, arguing that they do not pay sufficient attention to the need to develop and exercise the civic virtues of students. This response article highlights a number of philosophical disagreements concerning the traits of character that are central to good citizenship. It also discusses some of the difficulties involved in assessing how effective different types of schools are in the promotion of a particular set of civic virtues.
Requirements for Effective Function Allocation
Authors: Feigh Karen M. , Pritchett Amy R.
Published: May 2013

In this paper, we identify the requirements for effective function allocation within teams of human and automated agents. These functions include all the activities in the team’s environment required to meet collective work goals, that is, taskwork functions. In addition, the allocation of taskwork functions then creates the need for additional teamwork functions to coordinate between agents. Key requirements include that each agent must be capable of each individual function it is allocated and must be capable of its collective set of functions, including teamwork. Of note, many important attributes may be observed only within the detailed dynamics of simulation or actual operations, particularly when a function allocation requires tightly coupled interactions and when teamwork (including human–automation interaction) may support or detract from effective performance. Finally, we note that function allocation is a key design decision that should be made deliberately. By addressing function allocation early in design, before technologies and interfaces are created, key trade-offs can be considered and fundamental concerns with human factors addressed.
Formation of normal interdigital web spaces in the hand revisited: implications for the pathogenesis of syndactyly in humans and experimental animals
Authors: Al-Qattan M. M.
Published: May 2013

The creation of the normal web spaces has been attributed to apoptosis. This paper presents evidence that lysosomal-mediated cell death and extracellular matrix degradation are important events in addition to cell death by apoptosis. The author proposes the use of the term interdigital cell death– extracellular matrix degradation instead of interdigital apoptosis. Furthermore, the concept of web creation by differential growth is introduced along with the discussion of the latest research in molecular biology and genetics on the topic.
Academic Librarians Use Evidence for Convincing
Authors: Koufogiannakis Denise
Published: May 2013

The objective of this study was to explore and understand how academic librarians use evidence in their professional decision making. A grounded theory methodology was used, following the approach of Charmaz. The 19 participants were academic librarians in Canada. Data were gathered via online diaries and semistructured interviews over a 6-month period in 2011. The findings from this study illustrate how academic librarians use evidence in their practice, namely to convince. Convincing has two subcategories: confirming, which is usually applied to oneself, and influencing, which is usually applied to others. This study is the first to focus on how academic librarians use evidence in their decision making. The findings highlight the impact of collaboration and organizational dynamics on decision making and evidence use. Convincing emerged as the main theoretical concept in relation to how evidence is used.
CD40L expression permits CD8+ T cells to execute immunologic helper functions
Authors: Frentsch Marco , Stark Regina , Matzmohr Nadine , Meier Sarah , Durlanik Sibel , Schulz Axel R. , Stervbo Ulrik , Jürchott Karsten , Gebhardt Friedemann , Heine Guido , Reuter Morgan A. , Betts Michael R. , Busch Dirk , Thiel Andreas
Published: May 2013

Key Points

A major part of CD8+ memory T cells expresses CD40L, the key molecule for T-cell–dependent help. CD40L-expressing CD8+ T cells resemble functional CD4+ helper T cells.
The association between celiac disease and eosinophilic esophagitis in children and adults
Authors: Stewart Michael J , Shaffer Eldon , Urbanski Stephan J , Beck Paul L , Storr Martin A
Published: May 2013

Background

An association between eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and celiac disease (CD) has been suggested in the literature. Our aim was to confirm and quantify the association between these two diseases.

Methods

All patients in a large Canadian city diagnosed with EoE or CD over a five-year period were identified. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

Results

Over the five-year study EoE was diagnosed in 421 patients and CD was diagnosed in 763 patients. The incidence of EoE ranged from 2.1 to 10.7 cases per 100,000 population. The incidence of CD ranged from 10.4 to 15.7 cases per 100,000 population. Among the EoE cohort, 83 (20%) cases of EoE and 245 (32%) cases of CD were diagnosed in pediatric patients. The incidence of EoE in the pediatric subpopulation ranged from 3.7 to 6.9 cases per 100,000 population. The incidence of CD in the pediatric subpopulation ranged from 9.5 to 22.7 cases per 100,000 population. The concomitant diagnosis of both EoE and CD was made in three patients, all of whom were pediatric males. The SIR for EoE in the CD cohort was 48.4 (95% CI = 9.73, 141.41) with a SIR for CD within the paediatric EoE cohort of 75.05 (95% CI = 15.08, 219.28).

Conclusions

This study confirms the association between EoE and CD. However, this association may be limited to pediatrics where the risk of each condition is increased 50 to 75-fold in patients diagnosed with the alternative condition. The concomitant diagnosis of these conditions should be considered in pediatric patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms.
Clinical outcome, proteome kinetics and angiogenic factors in serum after thermoablation of colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Wertenbroek Marieke WJLAE , Schepers Marianne , Kamminga-Rasker Hannetta J , Bottema Jan T , Muller Kobold Anneke C , Roelofsen Han , de Jong Koert P
Published: May 2013

Background

Thermoablation is used to treat patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). We analyze clinical outcome, proteome kinetics and angiogenic markers in patients treated by cryosurgical ablation (CSA) or radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

Methods

205 patients underwent CSA (n = 20), RFA (n = 22), partial hepatectomy (PH, n = 134) or were found truly unresectable (n = 29). Clinical outcome, proteome transitions and angiogenic response in serum were analyzed at various time points after ablation.

Result

Median overall survival in CSA patients (17.6 months) was worse (p < 0.0001) when compared to RFA treated patients (51.7 months) and patients after PH (43.4 months). The complication rate was higher in the CSA group (50%) as compared to the RFA group (22%). Proteomics analyses showed consistently more changes in serum protein abundance with CSA compared to RFA. In the first four days after ablation a pro-angiogenic serum response occurred.

Conclusions

RFA of CRLM is superior to CSA with a median survival which equals survival in patients after PH. Proteomics analyses suggests a more aggravated serum response to CSA compared to RFA. Thermoablation is associated with changes in serum levels of angiogenic factors favouring a pro-angiogenic environment, but without differences between RFA and CSA.
EphB4 as a therapeutic target in mesothelioma
Authors: Liu Ren , Ferguson Benjamin D , Zhou Yue , Naga Kranthi , Salgia Ravi , Gill Parkash S , Krasnoperov Valery
Published: May 2013

Background

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) often develops decades following exposure to asbestos. Current best therapy produces a response in only half of patients, and the median survival with this therapy remains under a year. A search for novel targets and therapeutics is underway, and recently identified targets include VEGF, Notch, and EphB4-Ephrin-B2. Each of these targets has dual activity, promoting tumor cell growth as well as tumor angiogenesis.

Methods

We investigated EphB4 expression in 39 human mesothelioma tissues by immunohistochemistry. Xenograft tumors established with human mesothelioma cells were treated with an EphB4 inhibitor (monomeric soluble EphB4 fused to human serum albumin, or sEphB4-HSA). The combinatorial effect of sEphB4-HSA and biologic agent was also studied.

Results

EphB4 was overexpressed in 72% of mesothelioma tissues evaluated, with 85% of epithelioid and 38% of sarcomatoid subtypes demonstrating overexpression. The EphB4 inhibitor sEphB4-HSA was highly active as a single agent to inhibit tumor growth, accompanied by tumor cell apoptosis and inhibition of PI3K and Src signaling. Combination of sEphB4-HSA and the anti-VEGF antibody (Bevacizumab) was superior to each agent alone and led to complete tumor regression.

Conclusion

EphB4 is a potential therapeutic target in mesothelioma. Clinical investigation of sEphB4-HSA as a single agent and in combination with VEGF inhibitors is warranted.
Delta-6-desaturase gene polymorphism is associated with lipoprotein oxidation in vitro
Authors: Solakivi Tiina , Kunnas Tarja , Jaakkola Olli , Renko Jaana , Lehtimäki Terho , Nikkari Seppo T
Published: May 2013

Background

Oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a key event in the oxidation hypothesis of atherogenesis. We have previously shown that HDL does not protect LDL from oxidation in vitro, but is in fact oxidized fastest of all lipoproteins due to its rich polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition, which is oxidation promoting. Evidence has accumulated to show that in addition to diet, common polymorphisms in the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster have very marked effects on human PUFA status. There is a deletion [T/-] in the promoter region of the Δ6 –desaturase gene (FADS2, rs 3834458), which has a direct inhibitory influence on production of PUFA from linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid. To investigate the possible role of rs 3834458 in lipoprotein modification, oxidation of LDL with HDL2 or HDL3 were analyzed from plasma of 58 free-living individuals.

Results

Total eicosapentaenoic acid and arachidonic acid were significantly decreased in plasma from the 10 subjects homozygous for the deletion in FADS2 rs 3834458. When the isolated LDL and HDL2 were subjected to Cu2+-induced oxidation, these subjects showed decreased rate of appearance (p = 0.027) and the final concentration of conjugated dienes (p = 0.033) compared to the other genotypes. For oxidation of LDL with HDL3, the final concentration of conjugated dienes was also significantly decreased in subjects with [−/−] compared with [T/T] and [T/-] (p = 0.034).

Conclusion

We conclude that FADS2 genotype may play a role in peroxidation susceptibility of lipoproteins.
Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the pediatric quality of life inventory 4.0 Generic core scales among children with short stature
Authors: Wu Hua-hong , Li Hui , Gao Qian
Published: May 2013

Background

The quality of life in children with short stature was rarely studied in China, so we explore these children’s quality of life and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0(PedsQL4.0) Generic Core Scales among children with short stature.

Methods

A total of 201 children aged 8 ~ 18 years from the short stature clinic and other clinics of capital institute of pediatrics attended this study. The questionnaires include demographic information and PedsQL4.0 generic core scales. According to children’s height, we divided them into three groups: short stature, normal short and normal group, then compared the score of scales by the height category. Moreover, we analyzed the reliability and validity of PedsQL4.0 generic core scales in these 201 children.

Results

The child self-report total PedsQL mean score, for the short stature, normal short and normal groups were 77.77 ± 9.69, 83.50 ± 8.56 and 87.36 ± 7.23; the parent-proxy total PedsQL mean score were 77.62 ± 10.50, 82.69 ± 8.35 and 84.91 ± 9.96 respectively. Both for children self- and parent proxy-reports, the Cronbach’s α coefficients of total scale, psychosocial health and social functioning ranged between 0.74 and 0.80, it ranged between 0.51 and 0.66 in other dimensions. For child self-reports, the correlation coefficients of 17 items’ scores (total 23 items) with the scores of dimensions they belong to were above 0.5, with the highest 0.759; the other 6 items’ correlation coefficients were below 0.5, with the lowest 0.280. For parent proxy-reports, the correlation coefficients of 19 items’ scores with the scores of dimension they belong to were above 0.5, with the highest 0.793, the other 4 items’ below 0.5 with the lowest 0.243.

Conclusions

The quality of life in children with short stature is worse than their normal peers by Peds QL4.0 generic core scales, the statues of their quality of life was positively related to their stature.
Amyloid-β peptide-induced extracellular S100A9 depletion is associated with decrease of antimicrobial peptide activity in human THP-1 monocytes
Authors: Lee Eun Ok , Yang Ji Hye , Chang Keun-A , Suh Yoo-Hun , Chong Young Hae
Published: May 2013

Background

S100A9 protein (myeloid-related protein MRP14, also referred to as calgranulin B) is a reliable marker of inflammation, an important proinflammatory factor of innate immunity and acts as an additional antimicrobial peptide in the innate immune system. Evidence indicates that S100A9 contributes to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology, although the precise mechanisms are not clear.

Methods

We were interested to study the mechanisms of S100A9 release upon Aβ1-42 stimulation, the potential roles of extracellular S100A9 depletion in Aβ-induced cytotoxicity, and the interaction with innate immune response in THP-1 monocytic cells that have been challenged with mostly Aβ1-42 monomers instead of oligomers. We used protein preparation, Ca2+influx fluorescence imaging, MTT assay, siRNA knockdown, colony forming units (CFUs) assay and western blotting techniques to perform our study.

Results

Aβ1-42 monomers elicited a marked decrease of S100A9 release into the cell culture supernatant in a dose-dependent manner in human THP-1 monocytes. This reduction of S100A9 release was accompanied by an increase of intracellular Ca2+level. Aβ1-42-mediated decrease of S100A9 release was not associated with Aβ1-42-induced cytotoxicity as measured by MTT reduction assay. This observation was confirmed with the recombinant S100A9, which had little effect on Aβ1-42-induced cytotoxicity. Moreover, depletion of S100A9 with siRNA did not significantly evoke the cell toxicity. On the other hand, Aβ1-42-induced extracellular S100A9 depletion resulted in decreased antimicrobial activity of the culture supernatant after Aβ1-42 stimulation. Immunodepletion of S100A9 with anti-S100A9 also decreased the antimicrobial peptide activity of the vehicle treated culture supernatant. Consistently, the recombinant S100A9 clearly elicited the antimicrobial peptide activityin vitro,confirming the observed antimicrobial activity of S100A9 in the culture supernatant.

Conclusion

Collectively, our findings suggest that the mostly monomeric form of Aβ1-42 negatively regulates the innate immune system by down-regulating the secretion of S100A9, which is likely a main mediator of antimicrobial activity in the conditioned media of human THP-1 monocytes.
Electroconvulsive therapy use in adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: Lima Nádia NR , Nascimento Vânia B , Peixoto Jorge AC , Moreira Marcial M , Neto Modesto LR , Almeida José C , Vasconcelos Carlos AC , Teixeira Saulo A , Júnior Jucier G , Junior Francisco TC , Guimarães Diego DM , Brasil Aline Q , Cartaxo Jesus S , Akerman Marco , Reis Alberto OA
Published: May 2013

Background

Considered as a moment of psychological vulnerability, adolescence is remarkably a risky period for the development of psychopathologies, when the choice of the correct therapeutic approach is crucial for achieving remission. One of the researched therapies in this case is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The present study reviews the recent and classical aspects regarding ECT use in adolescents.

Methods

Systematic review, performed in November 2012, conformed to the PRISMA statement.

Results

From the 212 retrieved articles, only 39 were included in the final sample. The reviewed studies bring indications of ECT use in adolescents, evaluate the efficiency of this therapy regarding remission, and explore the potential risks and complications of the procedure.

Conclusions

ECT use in adolescents is considered a highly efficient option for treating several psychiatric disorders, achieving high remission rates, and presenting few and relatively benign adverse effects. Risks can be mitigated by the correct use of the technique and are considered minimal when compared to the efficiency of ECT in treating psychopathologies.
A genetic role for macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in adult-onset Still's disease
Authors: Wang Fang-Fang , Huang Xin-Fang , Shen Nan , Leng Lin , Bucala Richard , Chen Shun-Le , Lu Liang-Jing
Published: May 2013

Introduction

Adult-onset still's disease (AOSD) is a rare systemic inflammatory disorder in which abnormalities in inflammatory cytokines production appear to play a pathophysiological role. Our previous work has reported increased expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and revealed its correlation with disease severity and activity in AOSD. A -173 G/C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs755622) and a -794 CATT5-8 repeat (rs5844572) in the MIF promoter have been reported. In this study, we sought to explore the relationship between functional MIF promoter polymorphisms and MIF expression in AOSD.

Methods

100 patients and 200 controls were recruited in the study. A polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay was utilized to analyze the -173 G/C SNP (rs755622) and PCR-based size discrimination assay was applied to detect the -794 CATT5-8 repeat (rs5844572) in the MIF promoter. Plasma MIF levels were measured by ELISA. MIF mRNA levels were quantified by real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Bisulfate genomic sequencing was employed to evaluate DNA methylation status within the MIF promoter.

Results

We identified that the frequencies of MIF -794 CATT5 (P = 0.001) allele and the expression of MIF (P <0.001) were increased in patients compared to healthy controls. Plasma levels of MIF in patients with CC genotype were higher than those of patients with GC or GG genotypes (P = 0.05). In patients with established AOSD, a higher frequency of -794 CATT7 containing MIF genotypes was observed in those with liver dysfunction (P = 0.009). Haplotype analysis revealed a higher representation of the MIF haplotype defined by -173*C/-794 CATT5 (C5) in AOSD patients (P = 0.001).

Conclusion

Functional promoter polymorphisms in the MIF gene influence plasma MIF levels in AOSD and may contribute to disease susceptibility or clinical presentation of AOSD.
Editorial: Profiling senescent influenza-specific T cells in the elderly
Authors: Messaoudi Ilhem , Slifka Mark K
Published: May 2013

Disussion of how Dolfi et al. characterizes the phenotype and function of influenza-specific CD8+ T cells from young and aged individuals.
Tendon-bone attachment unit is formed modularly by a distinct pool of Scx- and Sox9-positive progenitors
Authors: Blitz Einat , Sharir Amnon , Akiyama Haruhiko , Zelzer Elazar
Published: May 2013

The assembly of the musculoskeletal system requires the formation of an attachment unit between a bone and a tendon. Tendons are often inserted into bone eminences, superstructures that improve the mechanical resilience of the attachment of muscles to the skeleton and facilitate movement. Despite their functional importance, little is known about the development of bone eminences and attachment units. Here, we show that bone eminence cells are descendants of a unique set of progenitors and that superstructures are added onto the developing long bone in a modular fashion. First, we show that bone eminences emerge only after the primary cartilage rudiments have formed. Cell lineage analyses revealed that eminence cells are not descendants of chondrocytes. Moreover, eminence progenitors were specified separately and after chondroprogenitors of the primary cartilage. Fields of Sox9-positive, Scx-positive, Col2a1-negative cells identified at presumable eminence sites confirm the identity and specificity of these progenitors. The loss of eminences in limbs in which Sox9 expression was blocked in Scx-positive cells supports the hypothesis that a distinct pool of Sox9- and Scx-positive progenitors forms these superstructures. We demonstrate that TGFβ signaling is necessary for the specification of bone eminence progenitors, whereas the SCX/BMP4 pathway is required for the differentiation of these progenitors to eminence-forming cells. Our findings suggest a modular model for bone development, involving a distinct pool of Sox9- and Scx-positive progenitor cells that form bone eminences under regulation of TGFβ and BMP4 signaling. This model offers a new perspective on bone morphogenesis and on attachment unit development during musculoskeletal assembly.
Identification of the zebrafish maternal and paternal transcriptomes
Authors: Harvey Steven A. , Sealy Ian , Kettleborough Ross , Fenyes Fruzsina , White Richard , Stemple Derek , Smith James C.
Published: May 2013

Transcription is an essential component of basic cellular and developmental processes. However, early embryonic development occurs in the absence of transcription and instead relies upon maternal mRNAs and proteins deposited in the egg during oocyte maturation. Although the early zebrafish embryo is competent to transcribe exogenous DNA, factors present in the embryo maintain genomic DNA in a state that is incompatible with transcription. The cell cycles of the early embryo titrate out these factors, leading to zygotic transcription initiation, presumably in response to a change in genomic DNA chromatin structure to a state that supports transcription. To understand the molecular mechanisms controlling this maternal to zygotic transition, it is important to distinguish between the maternal and zygotic transcriptomes during this period. Here we use exome sequencing and RNA-seq to achieve such discrimination and in doing so have identified the first zygotic genes to be expressed in the embryo. Our work revealed different profiles of maternal mRNA post-transcriptional regulation prior to zygotic transcription initiation. Finally, we demonstrate that maternal mRNAs are required for different modes of zygotic transcription initiation, which is not simply dependent on the titration of factors that maintain genomic DNA in a transcriptionally incompetent state.
Efficient Production of Block-copolymer-coated Ceramic Nanoparticles by Sequential Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain-transfer Polymerizations with Particles (SqRAFTwP)
Authors: Arita Toshihiko
Published: May 2013

Ceramic nanoparticles (NPs) were surface modified and dispersed by in situ synthesized block copolymers. Living radical polymerization with sequential addition of monomers enables the effective coating of ceramic NPs by block copolymers. The method enables us to add stable polymer layers on any kind of NPs; therefore, it can help the mass production of polymer-coated inorganic NPs and drastically reduce the cost, without sacrificing their performance.
Integrated care pathways in dementia: a challenge to National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence/Social Care Institute for Excellence guidance
Authors: Larner A J
Published: May 2013

An integrated care pathway (ICP) is proposed for the diagnosis of dementia syndromes, encompassing the various disciplines which may be involved (psychiatry, geriatrics, neurology, clinical genetics) due to the heterogeneity of presentation at the clinical and aetiological level. This proposed ICP challenges guidance recently issued by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) and the Social Care Institute for Excellence (SCIE), which requires a ‘single point of referral’ to access all dementia services. The proposal is prompted by the non-unitary nature of dementia, which may be envisaged as a ‘boundary’ condition transcending traditional professional categories and involving a wide array of professional groups in patient diagnosis in secondary care. Diversity rather than uniformity may best serve patient needs in such a heterogeneous syndrome.
Solihull constipation pathway
Authors: Wells Sarah , Amies Debbie , Dawes Fiona , Millichap Jackie , Reynolds Sue
Published: May 2013

Constipation management is in need of improvement. This improvement is more likely to be achieved with a thorough initial assessment and ongoing daily monitoring with evaluation. A practical, user-friendly documentation system that facilitates this has been developed at Marie Curie Hospice, Solihull. It is currently being used with great success in a hospice inpatient setting and is transferable to hospitals. With some modification it could be used by district nurses and general practitioners in the community. It is an important step towards improving the management of constipation.
The distribution of nociceptive innervation in the painful hip
Authors: Haversath M. , Hanke J. , Landgraeber S. , Herten M. , Zilkens C. , Krauspe R. , Jäger M.
Published: May 2013

Our understanding of the origin of hip pain in degenerative disorders of the hip, including primary osteoarthritis, avascular necrosis and femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), is limited. We undertook a histological investigation of the nociceptive innervation of the acetabular labrum, ligamentum teres and capsule of the hip, in order to prove pain- and proprioceptive-associated marker expression. These structures were isolated from 57 patients who had undergone elective hip surgery (44 labral samples, 33 ligamentum teres specimens, 34 capsular samples; in 19 patients all three structures were harvested). A total of 15 000 histological sections were prepared that were investigated immunohistochemically for the presence of protein S-100, 68 kDa neurofilament, neuropeptide Y, nociceptin and substance P. The tissues were evaluated in six representative areas.

Within the labrum, pain-associated free nerve ending expression was located predominantly at its base, decreasing in the periphery. In contrast, the distribution within the ligamentum teres showed a high local concentration in the centre. The hip capsule had an almost homogeneous marker expression in all investigated areas.

This study showed characteristic distribution profiles of nociceptive and pain-related nerve fibres, which may help in understanding the origin of hip pain.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:770–6.
Management of developmental dysplasia of the hip in young adults
Authors: Kosuge D. , Yamada N. , Azegami S. , Achan P. , Ramachandran M.
Published: May 2013

The term developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) describes a spectrum of disorders that results in abnormal development of the hip joint. If not treated successfully in childhood, these patients may go on to develop hip symptoms and/or secondary osteoarthritis in adulthood. In this review we describe the altered anatomy encountered in adults with DDH along with the management options, and the challenges associated with hip arthroscopy, osteotomies and arthroplasty for the treatment of DDH in young adults.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:732–7.
Current screening recommendations for developmental dysplasia of the hip may lead to an increase in open reduction
Authors: Price K. R. , Dove R. , Hunter J. B.
Published: May 2013

Most centres in the United Kingdom adopt a selective screening programme for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) based on repeated clinical examination and selective ultrasound examination. The Newborn Infant Physical Examination protocol implemented in 2008 recommends a first examination at birth and then a second and final examination at six to ten weeks of age. Due to concerns over an increase in late presentations we performed a retrospective review of our 15-year results to establish if late presentation increases treatment requirements. Of children presenting before six weeks of age, 84% were treated successfully with abduction bracing, whereas 86% of children presenting after ten months eventually required open reduction surgery. This equates to a 12-fold increase in relative risk of requiring open reduction following late presentation. Increasing age at presentation was associated with an increase in the number of surgical procedures, which are inevitably more extensive and complex, with a consequent increased in cost per patient. The implementation of an opportunistic examination at three to five months could help to reduce the unintended consequences of the Newborn Infant Physical Examination programme.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:846–50.
Life-Threatening Hypocalcemia with Denosumab; Anaphylaxis in Two Children Receiving Etanercept; Fondaparinux Hepatotoxicity in a 6-Year-Old Child; Bullous Pemphigoid Induced by Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors; Severe Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome with Deep Coma Associated with Aripiprazole; Quetiapine-Induced Tardive Oculogyric Crisis
Authors: Mancano Michael A.
Published: May 2013

The purpose of this feature is to heighten awareness of specific adverse drug reactions (ADRs), discuss methods of prevention, and promote reporting of ADRs to the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) MedWatch program (800-FDA-1088). If you have reported an interesting, preventable ADR to MedWatch, please consider sharing the account with our readers.