bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
РОЗРОБКА ПОКРИТТІВ ДЛЯ РЕГЕНЕРАЦІЇ ВУЗЛІВ ПОЖЕЖНОЇ ТЕХНІКИ ТА ПРОТИПОЖЕЖНОГО ОБЛАДНАННЯ
Authors: Berezhanskyi T. , Pashechko M.
Published: April 2022

Сьогодення диктує нові правила та потребує від суспільства постійної готовності до нових викликів – при-родних та техногенних загроз. Техногенне суспільство, технології в цілому швидко розвиваються. Природні явища: глобальне потепління, забрудненість екосистем та ін. зумовлюють природні катаклізми, які трапляються все частіше. Це потребує постійної готовності до захисту населення в разі виникнення надзвичайних ситуацій. Реалізацію функції держави, спрямованої на захист населення, територій, навколишнього природного се-редовища та майна від надзвичайних ситуацій природного та техногенного характеру та ліквідацію їх наслідків покладено, в першу чергу, на пожежно-рятувальні підрозділи служби цивільного захисту України.Зрозуміло, що існує ряд чинників, які впливають на ефективність виконання пожежно-рятувальними підрозділами своїх функцій, таких як: організація роботи підрозділів та служби цивільного захисту в цілому, індивідуальна та колективна теоретична і практична підготовка, а також багато інших, серед яких і технічне за-безпечення. Якісне та надійне технічне забезпечення підрозділів цивільного захисту України є запорукою ефек-тивної роботи служби пожежно-рятувальних підрозділів і як наслідок безпеки населення України.Тому удосконалення, підвищення надійності, ресурсу роботи та універсальності пожежного та аварійно-рятувального обладнання є актуальним завданням сьогодення.Зносостійкі евтектичні покриття системи Fe-Mn-C-B-Si леговані Cr виконані у вигляді порошкових дротів відзначаються від 1,8 до 10 разів зносостійкістю від матеріалів серійного виробництва. Ці матеріали окрім високої зносостійкості також характеризуються хорошими зварювальними властивостями, що дає змогу наносити їх на деталі пожежної техніки та аварійно-рятувального обладнання за допомогою методів електродугового, плазмо-вого наплавлення та методом напилення, а також іншими перспективними методами. Методи регенерації деталей пожежної техніки та аварійно-рятувального обладнання евтектичними покриттями дають змогу продовжити ре-сурс роботи вузлів та підвищити їх зносостійкість.Розроблено склад зносостійкого покриття на основі евтектичного сплаву системи Fe-Mn-C-B-Si легованого Cr, який відзначається найкращою зносостійкістю серед досліджуваних взірців. Покриття характеризується хо-рошими зварювальними властивостями, тому його можна рекомендувати для регенерації та продовження терміну експлуатації вузлів і деталей пожежної техніки та обладнання.
Cosas que debes saber sobre el trastorno del espectro autista en cuarentena
Authors: Guajardo Claudia , Marín Zarhi , Figueroa Carla
Published: April 2022

no aplica
Nurses' Compliance with Standard Precautions Based on Health Belief Model in Emergency Departments
Authors:   Nursing (MSN), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Mehravar Ahdieh , Mokhtari Lakeh Nasrin ,   Instructor, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Emami Sigaroudi Abdolhossien ,   Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Maroufizadeh Saman ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Nurses' compliance with standard precautions is a viable tool for decreasing health hazards in health centers. Objective: This study aimed to identify factors affecting compliance with standard precautions (SPs) of infection control based on the health belief model (HBM) among emergency department nurses employed in the educational-therapeutic centers affiliated with Guilan University Medical Sciences in Rasht City, Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 252 nurses working in the emergency departments of hospitals in Rasht City. The study samples were recruited using the convenience sampling method from September to October 2020. Nurses completed questionnaires, including demographics data, HBM constructs, knowledge, and compliance with standard precautions. A hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify factors related to compliance with SPs. Results: The mean ±SD age of the nurses was 32.77±7.05 years, and the majority of them were females (88.9%). Their mean ±SD score for compliance with SPs was 63.2 ±16.0 (out of 100). The multivariable analysis results showed that the knowledge (β=0.47, 95%CI; 0.30-0.64, P=0.001), perceived benefits (β =0.19, 95%CI; 0.03-0.36, P=0.022) and perceived susceptibility (β =0.25, 95%CI; 0.13-0.36, P=0.001) constructs of HBM were positively correlated with the compliance with SPs. Furthermore, the level of education was significantly related to the compliance with SPs (β =9.51, 95%CI; 0.02-18.99, P=0.049). The final model accounted for 39.8% of the variance in compliance with SPs. Conclusion: Results indicated improvement in activity and safety level of the healthcare workers and also an increase in the overall level of compliance among nurses through education, regular training, and use of encouragement and punishment policies. It is suggested to follow the World Health Organization protocols. Also, the support management could have a better effect on perceived benefits and cues to action.
Introduction To Scientific Writing A Review
Authors: Rose Khamusali Okwemba
Published: April 2022

Scientific writing is a technical form of writing that is designed to communicate scientific information to other scientists. Scientific writing is predicated on the rigors of scientific inquiry; therefore, it must reflect the same precision as that demanded in the research process. Successful scientific writing depends on the individual writer’s projection of a shared professional context. Writers seek to embed their writing in a particular social world which they reflect and conjure up through approved discourses. The objective of scientific writing is to record data and all ideas which must be supported by evidence, with appropriate citations of the source of the evidence. This paper therefore looks at introduction to scientific writing, types of scientific writing and their styles. This is underscored by the fact that without a written record of the findings and observations of researchers, no proof exists that any research was conducted. Scientific writing should build on and extend prior research. Becoming familiar with existing scientific literature is a crucial first step in planning. In fine understanding the criteria of doing good scientific research is key for communicating your findings in a clear and interesting fashion focusing on the subject matter.
Review on Analysis of Power Supply and Demand in Maharashtra State for Load Forecasting Using ANN
Authors: Suraj G. Patil  , Dr. M. S. Ali
Published: April 2022

The Electric load forecasting (ELF) is a critical procedure in the electrical industry's planning and plays a critical role in electric capacity scheduling and power system management, hence it has piqued academic attention. As a result, for energy generating capacity scheduling and power system management, the accuracy of electric load forecasting is critical. This document provides an overview of power load forecasting methodologies and models. A total of 40 scholarly publications were included in the comparison, which was based on certain criteria such as time frame, inputs, outcomes, project scale, and value. Despite the relative simplicity of all studied models, the regression analysis is still extensively employed and effective for long-term forecasting, according to the research. Machine learning or artificial intelligence-based models such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Fuzzy logic are preferred for short-term forecasts.
Speech Based Emotion Recognition Using Machine Learning
Authors: Dr. Loganathan R.  , Arjumand Yusufi  , Umar Rasool Yetoo  , Waseem Ahmed R.  , Zaki Hussain
Published: April 2022

Emotion is a natural feeling which is distinguished from reasoning or knowledge, it is a strong feeling derived from one’s circumstance or surroundings. With the increase in man to machine interaction, speech analysis has become an integral part in reducing the gap between physical and digital world. An important sub field within this domain is the recognition of emotion in speech signals, which was traditionally studied in linguistics and psychology. Speech emotion recognition is a field having diverse applications. When implemented the Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) will be able to understand different human emotion such as anger, fear, happiness, sadness etc. Speech is a medium of expression of one’s perspective or feelings to other. Emotion recognition from audio signal requires feature extraction and classifier training. The feature vector consists of elements of the audio signal which characterize speaker specific features such as tone, pitch, energy, which is crucial to train the classifier model to recognize a particular emotion accurately. Thus, with the help of SER we can make conversations between human and computer more realistic and natural. Automatic Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) is a current research topic in the field of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) with wide range of applications. The speech features such as, Mel Frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCC) and Mel Energy Spectrum Dynamic Coefficients (MEDC) are extracted from speech utterance. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used as classifier to classify different emotional states such as anger, happiness, sadness, neutral, fear, from Berlin emotional database.
Study on The Effect of Lean Management in Optimizing Nucleic Acid Testing Process in Outpatient Department
Authors: Huang Weiwei , Peng Xia
Published: April 2022

Objective — To explore the application effect of lean management in optimizing nucleic acid testing process in outpatient department. Methods — A lean management team was established, and the statistics were observed on the spot. The key problems were identified by drawing fish-bone map through the flow chart of nucleic acid test of patients and the time required for each node. The lean management method was adopted to optimize and continuously improve the process. The length of waiting time of nucleic acid test patients before and after the implementation of lean management was compared, and the satisfaction questionnaire was used to analyze the difference between the reference group and the observation group. Results — After the implementation of lean management, the waiting time for nucleic acid test was reduced from 45.50 minutes to 22.36 minutes, and patient satisfaction was improved from 88.6% to 92%. Conclusions — Lean management can not only shorten the time for patients to see a doctor, improve the speed of nucleic acid testing, and patients can be effectively distributed to minimize the risk of cross-infection, improve patients' medical experience, and improve patient satisfaction.
La tenencia de tierra en la región Ixil
Authors: Elliott Elena
Published: April 2022

Después de la Conquista Española, los Ixiles no fueron tan impactados como otros grupos más centrales. Sin embargo, cambios dramáticos ocurrieron debido a leyes del gobierno nacional de Guatemala al final de los años 1800 que permitieron reclamo de tierras baldías. Los Mayas en estas tierras adaptaron, reclamando las áreas donde habían vivido más de un milenio. El gobierno favoreció terratenientes que contribuyeron a la economía nacional con cultivos para exportación, especialmente el café. En los años 1950 en un tiempo de reforma agraria pequeños agricultores obtuvieron tierra, algo rápidamente cancelado con el derrocamiento del gobierno, acusado de comunismo debido a las reformas. El conflicto se intensificó cuando un movimiento izquierdista fue fundado en 1972 en la región Ixil. En la represión que resultó, el ejército destruyó aldeas, desplazaron mucha gente, creando confusión sobre tierra. Sistemas del uso de la tierra siguen en competencia, el sistema moderno más explotativa que hoy incluye presashidroeléctricas compitiendo con agricultura de subsistencia entre Mayas tradicionales.
La calidad de la atención con el uso de la tecnología de la información en la escuela profesional Doutor José Alves da Silveira en Quixeramobim – Ceará
Authors: Saldanha Evanginaldo Silva , Pereira Amanda Conrado
Published: April 2022

A lo largo de los años, la calidad de la atención en las organizaciones institucionales ha sido vista como una necesidad de mejora y mejora total para que los ciudadanos disfruten de los servicios prestados con celo, lucha por la eficiencia y la eficacia, estructurando elementos para una administración centrada no solo en las teorías, sino también en los resultados. En este contexto, con el fin de reducir los impasses derivados de la calidad de la atención, surgió la pregunta de investigación: ¿Qué influencia tienen las tecnologías de la información para impulsar la calidad de la atención en la Escuela Profesional Doutor José Alves da Silveira? Este artículo destaca la importancia del papel de la calidad de la atención con el uso de las tecnologías de la información en la Escuela Profesional Doutor José Alves da Silveira en Quixeramobim Ceará, con el objetivo de describir los procesos relacionados con la gestión de la calidad en la atención desde la implementación de las tecnologías de la información, analizar los cambios promovidos en la calidad de la atención a partir del discurso acusado de los docentes y comparar la situación anterior y actual de la calidad de la atención a través del análisis de los datos extraídos en los objetivos antes mencionados. Para cumplir con los propósitos de este estudio, los métodos y técnicas utilizadas fueron la investigación exploratoria con un enfoque cualitativo, utilizando el método de entrevista y, el instrumento de investigación, el cuestionario, con cinco preguntas abiertas enviadas a doce directores de clase a través del formulario de google. También se utilizó el método de observación participante, que tiene como objetivo capturar los significados y experiencias subjetivas de quienes intervienen en el proceso de interacción social. Los entrevistados fueron elegidos por conveniencia y muestreo utilizando la técnica de saturación. Los resultados recogidos fueron comparados por las declaraciones de los maestros, percibiendo las similitudes en las respuestas. Se concluye que la calidad de la atención combinada con las tecnologías de la información fueron satisfactorias, en la mejora de los servicios prestados a los usuarios aumentando el nivel de satisfacción y agilidad, en la forma de percibir los procesos de innovación tecnológica para hacer de la organización un espacio interactivo con más diálogo, interacción y agilidad en el flujo de procesos.
Dietas da moda: impacto no desenvolvimento de transtornos alimentares: revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Abreu João Pedro Medeiros de , Mariano Ana Claudia Alves Marques
Published: April 2022

As "dietas da moda" são padrões alimentares sem embasamento científico, criadas e compartilhadas com o intuito de promover mudanças corporais, principalmente relacionadas ao emagrecimento, visando o “padrão de beleza ideal”. Questão norteadora: qual a relação existente entre o consumo de "dietas da moda" e seus impactos na saúde dos praticantes, principalmente quando relacionado ao desenvolvimento de transtornos alimentares? Objetivo: apresentar os impactos da divulgação de dietas da moda no desenvolvimento e agravamento de transtornos alimentares. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica na Língua Portuguesa (BRASIL), seguindo as etapas necessárias presentes na literatura: escolha do tema, objetivos, questão norteadora, avaliação dos resultados, discussão e, por fim, apresentação da revisão bibliográfica. Resultados: a literatura demonstra que há grande veiculação de programas dietéticos sem embasamento científico, circulando através de revistas, programas de televisão e, principalmente, pela internet. Ao 'prometerem' resultados estéticos de forma rápida e alternativa, são facilmente aderidos e se relacionam também com o desenvolvimento de problemas à saúde. Considerações finais: a literatura demonstra que há uma relação direta entre a veiculação de "dietas da moda" e o desenvolvimento de transtornos relacionados à alimentação.
Stratonikeia Kuzey Cadde Kanalizasyonunda Bulunan Bir Grup Seramiğin Ön Değerlendirmesi
Authors: SÖĞÜT Bilal , BİLGİN Mustafa , ÖZDEMİR CANDUR Eylem
Published: April 2022

Stratonikeia antik kentinde, Kuzey Şehir Kapısı ve çeşme anıtından başlayıp, kent merkezine doğru devam eden, günlük kullanım dışında, Lagina Hekate ve Panamara Zeus kültü ile ilgili törenlerde de aktif olarak kullanılan Kuzey Cadde, yerleşim içindeki önemli yapılardan birisini oluşturmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalar, bu caddenin Hellenistik, Roma ve Geç Antik Dönem boyunca kullanıldığını göstermektedir. Caddenin doğu kenarında yapılan kazılarda ise MÖ 2. binyılın son çeyreğine kadar inen seramik parçaları bulunmuştur. Kuzey Cadde’nin ortasında yapılan konservasyon ve restorasyon çalışmaları esnasında, kanalizasyonun yaklaşık 90 m uzunluğundaki bölümü açılmıştır. Kanalizasyonda yapılan temizlik ve kazı çalışmaları sonucu toplam 45 adet parça seramik tespit edilmiş, bunlardan kondisyonu iyi olan 35 örnek çalışma kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir. Söz konusu seramikler hamur-astar ve form özellikleri dikkate alınarak sınıflandırılmış, tarihlendirme önerileri yapılmıştır.
Kanalizasyonda tespit edilen seramiklerin istatiksel verileri dikkate alındığında, MS 5.-7. yüzyıla tarihlendirilen Geç Antik Dönem örneklerinin yoğun olduğu dikkati çekmektedir. Ancak buluntuların içinde tespit edilen Tunç Çağı’na ait bir parçanın varlığı, Kuzey Sütunlu Cadde ve çevresinin erken dönemlerden itibaren kullanılmış olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, Geç Antik Dönem’de tüm Akdeniz pazarında sirkülasyonda olan, ithal seramik grupları dışında hamur, astar özellikleri farklı olan ve yerel üretimle ilişkilendirilebilecek buluntular yoğunluktadır. Bu durum, bölgede olasılıkla yerel ve daha ucuz bir üretime ait seramiklerin tercih edildiğini düşündürmektedir.
XVIII. YÜZYILDA EDİRNE’DE YAŞANAN TAŞKINLARIN KÖPRÜLERDE OLUŞTURDUĞU HASARLAR ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: CENGİZ Hasan Ali
Published: April 2022

Edirne; Tunca, Arda ve Meriç nehirlerine yakın bir bölgede kurulması nedeniyle tarih boyunca birçok taşkına maruz kaldı. Edirne’de yaşanan taşkınların zarar verdiği yerlerden biri de nehirler üzerindeki köprüler oldu. XVIII. yüzyılda bu köprüler içerisinde en fazla hasar gören ahşap köprülerdi. Bunlar içerisinde de taşkınlardan en çok etkilenen Meriç Nehri üzerindeki Cisr-i Sâni oldu. Bunun dışında Saray-ı Hümâyun bölgesindeki ahşap köprüler ile Arda Nehri üzerindeki Cisr-i Sâlis de zarar görenler köprüler arasındadır. Bu çalışma ile XVIII. yüzyılda yaşanan taşkınların köprülerde oluşturduğu hasarlar incelenerek hasarların etkisi ortaya konulması amaçlandı. Taşkınların nehirler üzerindeki köprülerde oluşturduğu hasarı gidermek amacıyla sık sık tamiratlar yapıldı. Osmanlı arşiv belgeleri ve Edirne Şer’iyye Sicillerinde yer alan tamirat keşif verileri köprülerde oluşan hasarların sıklığını ve ekonomik yükünü ortaya koymaktadır.
MÜSKİRAT NİZAMNAMELERİ’NE GÖRE MEYHANELERİN KAPATILMASI VE II. MEŞRUTİYET DÖNEMİNDE EDİRNE UYGULAMALARI
Authors: SARIOĞLU Tarık
Published: April 2022

İslamiyet öncesi Türk kültüründe içkinin önemli bir yer tuttuğu bilinmektedir. İslamiyet’in kabulünden sonra Müslüman olan Türkler arasında içki yasaklanmış olsa da içki kültürünün devam ettiği görülmektedir. Osmanlı Devleti, kurulduktan sonra da Müslümanlar arasında içkinin yasaklandığına dair kayıtlar göze çarpmaktadır. Osmanlı Devleti’nin sınırlarını genişletmesi ve gayrimüslim nüfusun artması ile birlikte gerek siyasi gerekse ticari nedenlerden dolayı yasaklarda gevşemelerin olduğu dönemler olmuştur. Ancak Osmanlı sultanlarının emirleri doğrultusunda çıkarılan kanunlar ve nizamnameler gereğince, Müslümanlar arasında yasaklar devam ettirilmiştir. Özellikle kutsal mekânlar olarak görülen camiler, mescidler, tekkeler ve İslam mahallelerinde içki satışı ve tüketimi yapılan meyhanelerin açılmasına izin verilmemiştir. Yine bu kutsal mekânların yanı sıra devlet kurumlarına, mezarlıklara ve ibadethane vasfını kaybetmiş olan cami harabelerinin civarına yakın bulunan meyhanelerin kapatılmasına dair düzenlemeler yapılmıştır.
Bu çalışmada, Osmanlı Devleti’nin son döneminde kutsal mekânlara yakın meyhanelerin kapatılmasına dair yayınlamış olduğu müskirat nizamnamelerinin yanı sıra II. Meşrutiyet döneminde Edirne’de bulunan kutsal mekânlara yakın meyhanelerin kapatılması süreci, alınan kararlar, yapılan itirazlar ve şikâyetler, uygulamalardaki ihlaller ele alınmıştır.
Kompetenzorientierung im Geschichtsunterricht fördern – Eine Fallanalyse mit Alternativvorschlag
Authors: Nitsche Martin
Published: April 2022

Since the 1970s history education has postulated the concept of «historical thinking » as an objective of teaching history. The concrete learning targets have thereby been defined in so-called competency models since the early 2000s. There is, however, little known about the exact mechanics of competency formation in students. History didactics has thus far supported schools by offering competency-based teaching proposals. This paper offers an alternative approach based on the history lesson « Stalin and the great leap forward».
Pourquoi se massacrer ici et vivre en paix là ? Traiter la question en classe sur le cas suisse de la « neutralité armée »
Authors: Bugnard Pierre-Philippe
Published: April 2022

This paper concerns a workshop experience in History Education (2014) inspired by the famous question of J.S Bruner: « Isn’t now the time to study what makes people either live together or kill each other ? » How to design an open teaching plan, placing classes in a situation to treat this question from the history of the Swiss Confederation ?
Für eine neue Ideologiegeschichte? Ein Beitrag zur Erforschung der Schweizer Geschichtskultur
Authors: Richard Carmen
Published: April 2022

In 1991, Switzerland encountered a lively debate on its identity as a nation, which should also have led to a redefining of its history. This article outlines the point of view of some Swiss historians who argued against a political instrumentalisation. Further, the article illustrates their counterproposals for a ‘new’ history of Switzerland from an explicit leftist perspective. It demonstrates how -blurred the border between strictly scientific objectivity on the one side, and political interests on the other side is, especially in the light of national history.
La Grande Guerre : civilisation et barbarie. Des sources directes pour les classes
Authors: Vandepitte Paul
Published: April 2022

The Great War is the first war in which millions of soldiers from five continents took part. In this article we focus on the economic and technological aspects of the war, as well as the mental and cultural dimensions in the lives of the soldiers in in a chronological order, a number of documents from the historiography on the Great War. Pupils are encouraged to reflect on the phenomenon of war, not only in terms of ‘good’ and ‘bad’, but to penetrate the complexity and the subtlety of human relations in an industrial war. In this way young people have the opportunity to enter the mental vulnerability of soldiers living in the worst conditions. The case of Siegfried Sassoon, suffering from shell shock, is a real eye-opener. The poems of this English officer allow the opportunity to engage with his mental suffering and make us understand the humanity of his outlook.
Enseigner l'histoire globale
Authors: Capdepuy Vincent
Published: April 2022

Global history remains a field of research recognized, perhaps because delimited, at the intersection of world history, total history, comparative history and connected history. Yet the project is relatively clear: analyse and understand the process of globalization that led to the creation of the world, that is to say a unique space for a longterm humanity scattered throughout an archithe case studies are so many that can make global history from particular moments often already known, but revisiting them from a different angle by connecting the usually unconnected spaces, passing from local to global.
Global und intersektional. Prolegomena zu einer noch neueren Geschichte der Schweiz
Authors: Schär Bernhard C.
Published: April 2022

This article critically examines some of the recent works in Swiss national history. It argues that many of these works suffer, albeit in different ways, from a too narrowly construed, Eurocentric perspective. Consequently, they fail to offer an understanding of how Switzerland both shaped and was shaped by processes of imperial globalization since the 1500s. The article goes on to argue for a ’post-patriotic’ conception of Swiss national history that seeks to uncover how Swiss global entanglements fed into various hierarchies between gender groups, social classes, races and religious communities. The article ends with a historical example from 16th century Basel and Geneva, where book printers published books on the Spanish conquests of the Americas. The example illustrates how the historical beginnings of a Swiss nation and the beginnings of imperial globalization in the 1500s were closely intertwined processes – and how the trajectories of Swiss history and the history of the world have remained intertwined ever since.
Putin on Trial: The Reality of Heads of State Immunity before International Criminal Courts
Authors: Ekori Aghem Hanson , Paul S. Masumbe
Published: April 2022

The prosecution of serving heads of state before international criminal courts is still very challenging even though most of these courts do not recognise immunities for international crimes. While the recognition of head of state immunity before national and foreign domestic courts for international crimes is supported by customary international law, the recognition of immunities before international criminal courts is determined by the statute creating the court.. Consequently, while the Rome Statute creating the International Criminal Court (the ICC) does not recognise any form of immunity, the Malabo Protocol creating the African Criminal Court (the ACC) recognised the immunity of senior serving state officials for international crimes. Currently, the ICC is investigating the situation in Ukraine which may lead to the possible arrest of President Putin of Russia and his senior officials for crimes against humanity and war crimes committed when Russia invaded Ukraine. The article argues that prosecuting a serving president like Putin by the ICC may be similar to the Al Bashir case because it will be difficult to arrest and surrender him to the Court and also the fact that Russia is not state party to the Rome Statute. Consequently, the waiving of immunity before an international court is not enough; cooperation by the home state of the offender and other states is needed in matters arrest and surrender to the prosecuting court.
The Styles of School Principals’ Using Power Sources and the Relationship between Principal Support and Citizenship Behaviour (Ankara Province Example)
Authors: Özdemir Gülden , Özdemir Asım
Published: April 2022

This study examines the school principals' styles of using their power sources and the relationship between principal support and organizational citizenship behavior. The study was carried out according to the survey model. The study sample consists of 450 teachers working in public primary schools in the central districts of Ankara. The sample was determined by stratified sampling. We used Personal Information Form, Leader Power Source Scale, Perceived Principal Support Scale, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale as data collection tools. In the analysis of the data, we performed percentage, arithmetic mean, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson product moment correlation coefficient, regression analysis and path analysis. Based on the findings, there is a positive and significant relationship between primary school principals' use of power sources, principal support, and organizational citizenship behavior. It has been concluded that principal support plays a mediating role that has a predictive effect on organizational citizenship behavior, especially by predicting charisma, reward, and expertise power styles. Furthermore, we found that the variables that most affect teachers' organizational citizenship behaviors are charisma power, expert power, reward power, principal support, and legitimate power, respectively. Therefore, it can be listed among the suggestions that school principals should support teachers more, generally prefer charisma, expert, reward and legitimate power.
BABY BLUES & DEPRESSÃO PÓS-PARTO
Authors:   UEMG - Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais - Unidade Frutal, PIRES Alexandra Alves , QUEIROZ Lara Virginia Souza ,   Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais - Unidade Frutal, MARQUES Maria Antonia Ferreira ,   Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais - Unidade Frutal, PESSOA Marcelo ,   Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais - Unidade Frutal
Published: April 2022

Postpartum depression (or baby blues, in English) affects women who have just given birth to a fetus. From this event, an emotional discomfort is generated that, out of fear or guilt, establishes between the parturient and the child a relationship of conflict that can culminate in the elimination of the newborn. As a methodology for this study, we searched for publications on the subject, in physical and digital collections, in order to obtain information in the face of an evil that is so present in the daily lives of thousands of women. The objective of our work is to clarify information about this disease that affects women all over the world and, in this way, to bring information about treatments and diagnoses to the debate. This work is justified by the need to build a collection of information capable of helping women in this delicate moment of their existence. As a partial result of the research, we saw that, for some women who have already gone through this depressive phase, the physical and mental health condition tends to evolve into other diseases, with an expected duration of life.
A Synthetic Biology Perspective on the Bioengineering Tools for an Industrial Microalga: Euglena gracilis
Authors: Chen Zhenfan , Zhu Jiayi , Du Ming , Chen Zixi , Liu Qiong , Zhu Hui , Lei Anping , Wang Jiangxin
Published: April 2022

Euglena is a genus of single-celled eukaryotes that show both plant- and animal-like characteristics. Euglena gracilis, a model species, is of great academic interest for studying endosymbiosis and chloroplast development. As an industrial species, E. gracilis is also of primary biotechnological and economic importance as high value-added food, medicine, and cosmetic and high-quality feedstock for jet-fuel production because of its cells containing many high-value products, such as vitamins, amino acids, pigments, unsaturated fatty acids, and carbohydrate paramylon, as metabolites. For more than half a century, E. gracilis has been used as an industrial biotechnology platform for fundamental biology research, mainly exploring relevant physiological and biochemical method studies. Although many researchers focused on genetic engineering tools for E. gracilis in recent years, little progress has been achieved because of the lack of high-quality genome information and efficient techniques for genetic operation. This article reviewed the progress of the genetic transformation of E. gracilis, including methods for the delivery of exogenous materials and other advanced biotechnological tools for E. gracilis, such as CRISPR and RNA interference. We hope to provide a reference to improve the research in functional genomics and synthetic biology of Euglena.
Modeling Patient-Specific Muscular Dystrophy Phenotypes and Therapeutic Responses in Reprogrammed Myotubes Engineered on Micromolded Gelatin Hydrogels
Authors: Barthélémy Florian , Santoso Jeffrey W. , Rabichow Laura , Jin Rongcheng , Little Isaiah , Nelson Stanley F. , McCain Megan L. , Miceli M. Carrie
Published: April 2022

In vitro models of patient-derived muscle allow for more efficient development of genetic medicines for the muscular dystrophies, which often present mutation-specific pathologies. One popular strategy to generate patient-specific myotubes involves reprogramming dermal fibroblasts to a muscle lineage through MyoD induction. However, creating physiologically relevant, reproducible tissues exhibiting multinucleated, aligned myotubes with organized striations is dependent on the introduction of physicochemical cues that mimic the native muscle microenvironment. Here, we engineered patient-specific control and dystrophic muscle tissues in vitro by culturing and differentiating MyoD–directly reprogrammed fibroblasts isolated from one healthy control subject, three patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and two Limb Girdle 2A/R1 (LGMD2A/R1) patients on micromolded gelatin hydrogels. Engineered DMD and LGMD2A/R1 tissues demonstrated varying levels of defects in α-actinin expression and organization relative to control, depending on the mutation. In genetically relevant DMD tissues amenable to mRNA reframing by targeting exon 44 or 45 exclusion, exposure to exon skipping antisense oligonucleotides modestly increased myotube coverage and alignment and rescued dystrophin protein expression. These findings highlight the value of engineered culture substrates in guiding the organization of reprogrammed patient fibroblasts into aligned muscle tissues, thereby extending their value as tools for exploration and dissection of the cellular and molecular basis of genetic muscle defects, rescue, and repair.
Comparative Analysis of Short- and Long-Read Sequencing of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci for Application to Molecular Epidemiology
Authors: Oh Sujin , Nam Soo Kyung , Chang Ho Eun , Park Kyoung Un
Published: April 2022

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are nosocomial pathogens with genetic plasticity and widespread antimicrobial resistance (AMR). To prevent the spread of VRE in the hospital setting, molecular epidemiological approaches such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing have been implemented for pathogen outbreak surveillance. However, due to the insufficient discriminatory power of these methods, whole-genome sequencing (WGS), which enables high-resolution analysis of entire genomic sequences, is being used increasingly. Herein, we performed WGS of VRE using both short-read next-generation sequencing (SR-NGS) and long-read next-generation sequencing (LR-NGS). Since standardized workflows and pipelines for WGS-based bacterial epidemiology are lacking, we established three-step pipelines for SR- and LR-NGS, as a standardized WGS-based approach for strain typing and AMR profiling. For strain typing, we analyzed single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of VRE isolates and constructed SNP-based maximum-likelihood phylogenies. The phylogenetic trees constructed using short and long reads showed good correspondence. Still, SR-NGS exhibited higher sensitivity for detecting nucleotide substitutions of bacterial sequences. During AMR profiling, we examined AMR genes and resistance-conferring mutations. We also assessed the concordance between genotypic and phenotypic resistance, which was generally better for LR-NGS than SR-NGS. Further validation of our pipelines based on outbreak cases is necessary to ensure the overall performance of pipelines.
Potential Roles of the Gut Microbiota in Pancreatic Carcinogenesis and Therapeutics
Authors: Yang Qiaoyu , Zhang Jihang , Zhu Yin
Published: April 2022

The intestinal microenvironment is composed of normal gut microbiota and the environment in which it lives. The largest microecosystem in the human body is the gut microbiota, which is closely related to various diseases of the human body. Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a common malignancy of the digestive system worldwide, and it has a 5-year survival rate of only 5%. Early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is difficult, so most patients have missed their best opportunity for surgery at the time of diagnosis. However, the etiology is not entirely clear, but there are certain associations between PC and diet, lifestyle, obesity, diabetes and chronic pancreatitis. Many studies have shown that the translocation of the gut microbiota, microbiota dysbiosis, imbalance of the oral microbiota, the interference of normal metabolism function and toxic metabolite products are closely associated with the incidence of PC and influence its prognosis. Therefore, understanding the correlation between the gut microbiota and PC could aid the diagnosis and treatment of PC. Here, we review the correlation between the gut microbiota and PC and the research progresses for the gut microbiota in the diagnosis and treatment of PC.
Vascular Injury in the Zebrafish Tail Modulates Blood Flow and Peak Wall Shear Stress to Restore Embryonic Circular Network
Authors: Baek Kyung In , Chang Shyr-Shea , Chang Chih-Chiang , Roustaei Mehrdad , Ding Yichen , Wang Yixuan , Chen Justin , O'Donnell Ryan , Chen Hong , Ashby Julianne W. , Xu Xiaolei , Mack Julia J. , Cavallero Susana , Roper Marcus , Hsiai Tzung K.
Published: April 2022

Graphical Abstract

The proposed mechanism of injury-mediated Notch and vascular loop formation.
Using Seismic Data and Slip Tendency to Estimate Paleostress: A Case Study From Xicaogu Area of Bohai Bay Basin, China
Authors: Ping Guidong , Liu Xin , Li Minghui , Zhang Xuan , Gao Yuting , Wang Sheng , Liu Xiaobo
Published: April 2022

Paleostress plays an important role in controlling the formation and distribution of reservoir fractures, which is a key factor controlling the production of oil and gas from unconventional reservoirs. At present, there are many methods to perform paleostress inversion, but these methods are mainly based on outcrop or directional core data, which are not easily available in the oil and gas industry, which mainly focuses on the study of underground geological structures. In this study, we use 3D seismic reflection data for the first time to perform slip-tendency-based stress inversion to determine the stress field of the Xicaogu area in the Bohai Bay Basin during the Neogene period. This slip-tendency-based stress inversion method is based on the analysis of slip tendency and fault throw and does not require the measurement of slip directions. The data for this method can easily be extracted from data sets routinely used in the oil and gas industry. The inversion results show that in the study area and the strata of interest, the maximum principal stress axis (σ1) is oriented vertically, the intermediate principal stress axis (σ2) is oriented N70o, the minimum principal stress (σ3) is oriented N160o, and σ2/σ1 = 0.69 and σ3/σ1 = 0.27. The results of this study serve as an important reference to clarify fault reactivation at the critical stage of hydrocarbon accumulation.
Submarine Landslides in the West Continental Slope of the South China Sea and Their Tsunamigenic Potential
Authors: Pan Xiaoyi , Li Linlin , Nguyễn Hồng Phương , Wang Dawei , Switzer Adam D.
Published: April 2022

The 109 meridian fault is located in the west of the South China Sea (SCS) connecting to the offshore Red River Shear Zone. Seismic data from the central Vietnamese shelf indicates that many submarine landslides were developed along the steep continental slope in this offshore region. Here, we analyze the potential for such landslides to trigger damaging tsunamis based on the local geological background and sedimentary environment. We assess their tsunamigenic potential along the coast of Southern Central Vietnam (SCV). We point out that the evolutionary processes of the 109° meridian fault: striking-subsidence of the adjacent basin, combined with the high sediment input from numerous montane rivers of the hinterland generate conditions that likely favor the development of submarine landslides along the well-defined and steep continental slope near SCV. To estimate the impact of tsunami waves on the SCV coastline, we conducted a pilot study using two numerical models: NHWAVE and FUNWAVE-TVD to model 4 representative landslides with volumes ranging between 1.3 and 14 km3 and water depth of 300–1000 m. The submarine landslides were treated as rigid slump and deformable slide corresponding to two different sedimentary environments. Our results show that the tsunami waves generated by rigid slump can reach up to 20 m height in the landslide source area and ∼5 m when arriving at the closest coastline. Tsunami waves could arrive at the central Vietnam coast within 30 min in eight scenarios. Our initial results also suggest that seafloor topography, i.e., waveguide effects of ocean ridges, shelf resonance and the potential bay resonance cause significant variability in potential run-up. We note that ocean ridges located in the deep basin of the SCS focus the tsunami energy propagating towards the northwest coast of Luzon Island, Philippines where tsunami wave heights of ∼2.3 m wave height are modeled. These findings underscore the importance of tsunami hazard assessments that account for both earthquake generated and earthquake triggered tsunamis. Our work also highlights a continued need to examine tsunami sources in the region as mitigation and preparedness for the socio-economically important and heavily populated coastlines of the SCS is reliant on a detailed understanding of the hazard.
Cardiorenal Risk Profiles Among Data-Driven Type 2 Diabetes Sub-Phenotypes: A Post-Hoc Analysis of the China Health and Nutrition Survey
Authors: Gao Hui , Wang Kan , Zhao Wensui , Zhuang Jianlin , Jiang Yu , Zhang Lei , Liu Qingping , Ahmadizar Fariba
Published: April 2022

Background and Aim

Evidence about recently proposed data-driven clusters of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is mainly about its prognostic effects and Western populations. We tested the applicability of this clustering approach among the Chinese population. We further investigated the cardiorenal risk profiles among different T2D sub-phenotypes cross-sectionally and before diabetes diagnosis.

Methods

With the use of data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1989–2009), 6,728 participants with available fasting blood samples and completed questionnaires in the 2009 survey were included. Glycemic statuses (normoglycemia, prediabetes, and new-onset T2D) were defined according to the 2020 American Diabetes Association criteria. Data-driven cluster analysis was conducted among new-onset T2D based on five variables: age at onset, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin A1c, homeostasis model estimates of β-cell function, and insulin resistance. Linear regression models were used to cross-sectionally examine the differences of cardiorenal risk factors (body fat distribution, blood pressure, lipid profiles, and kidney function) between glycemic statuses. Mixed-effects models were used to explore a maximum of 20-year trajectories of cardiovascular risk factors (body fat distribution and blood pressure) before diabetes diagnosis.

Results

Among 557 (8.3%) new-onset T2D, four sub-phenotypes were found, with 57 (10.2%) assigned to the severe insulin-resistant diabetes (SIRD), 72 (12.9%) to the severe insulin-deficient diabetes (SIDD), 167 (30.0%) to the mild obesity-related diabetes (MOD), and 261 (46.9%) to the mild age-related diabetes (MARD). People clustered within different T2D sub-phenotypes had different cardiorenal risk profiles. Three T2D sub-phenotypes (SIRD, SIDD, and MOD) had worse cardiorenal abnormalities, while the risk burden in the MARD sub-phenotype was similar to that in prediabetes. Compared with people with other T2D sub-phenotypes, people in the MOD sub-phenotype had a faster increment in BMI, waist, upper arm circumference, and triceps skinfold up to 10 years before diagnosis. Blood pressure was less distinct in different T2D sub-phenotypes; however, SIDD and MOD clusters had higher blood pressure levels before diabetes diagnosis.

Conclusions

Data-driven T2D sub-phenotyping is applicable in the Chinese population. Certain sub-phenotypes such as MARD only have a minor cardiorenal risk burden, and distinct cardiovascular risk development occurs long before diabetes diagnosis. Our findings can help improve early prevention and targeted treatment for diabetes.
Endocrine Regulation on Bone by Thyroid
Authors: Zhu Siyuan , Pang Yidan , Xu Jun , Chen Xiaoyi , Zhang Changqing , Wu Bo , Gao Junjie
Published: April 2022

Background

As an endocrine organ, the thyroid acts on the entire body by secreting a series of hormones, and bone is one of the main target organs of the thyroid.

This review highlights the roles of thyroid hormones and thyroid diseases in bone homeostasis.

Conclusion

Thyroid hormones play significant roles in the growth and development of bone, and imbalance of thyroid hormones can impair bone homeostasis.
Analysis on Large-Scale Solar PV Plant Energy Performance–Loss–Degradation in Coastal Climates of India
Authors: Navothna Bhogula , Thotakura Sandhya
Published: April 2022

This article presents a detailed analysis of the performance, rate of degradation, and power and energy loss of a 1 MWp scale solar photovoltaic (PV) plant in the academic institution GITAM (Deemed to be University), located in the coastal region of Andhra Pradesh, India. The PV plant consists of 3,078 polycrystalline PV modules of 325 Wp rating, installed on the rooftop of the institute buildings. The annual energy generated is 1684.881 MWh. In this study, performance analysis involves the calculation of efficiency, capacity factor, and performance ratio with data simulated using the PVsyst tool. Degradation analysis involves energy light-induced degradation (LID) and degradation rate (DR). The predicted result provides an estimate for optimal functioning of PV plant with an annual capacity factor, performance ratio, and energy loss of 11.3%, 87.9%, and −26%, respectively. Energy loss by light-induced degradation is predicted as −2.7%/year, and the degradation rate of module per year is −0.6% to −5%.
Reinvestigating the Spatiotemporal Differences and Driving Factors of Urban Carbon Emission in China
Authors: Wang Ke-Liang , Xu Ru-Yu , Zhang Fu-Qin , Cheng Yun-He
Published: April 2022

This study analyzed the spatiotemporal differences and driving factors of carbon emission in China’s prefecture-level cities for the period 2003–2019. In doing so, we investigated the spatiotemporal differences of carbon emission using spatial correlation analysis, standard deviation ellipse, and Dagum Gini coefficient and identified the main drivers using the geographical detector model. The results demonstrated that 1) on the whole, carbon emission between 2003 and 2019 was still high, with an average of 100.97 Mt. Temporally, carbon emission in national China increased by 12% and the western region enjoyed the fastest growth rate (15.50%), followed by the central (14.20%) and eastern region (12.17%), while the northeastern region was the slowest (11.10%). Spatially, the carbon emission was characterized by a spatial distribution of “higher in the east and lower in the midwest,” spreading along the “northeast–southwest” direction. 2) The carbon emission portrayed a strong positive spatial correlation with an imbalance polarization trend of “east-hot and west-cold”. 3) The overall differences of carbon emission appeared in a slow downward trend during the study period, and the interregional difference was the largest contributor. 4) Transportation infrastructure, economic development level, informatization level, population density, and trade openness were the dominant determinants affecting carbon emission, while the impacts significantly varied by region. In addition, interactions between any two factors exerted greater influence on carbon emission than any one alone. The findings from this study provide novel insights into the spatiotemporal differences of carbon emission in urban China, revealing the potential driving factors, and thus differentiated and targeted policies should be formulated to curb climate change.