bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of mind mapping-based comics to improve math learning outcomes
Authors: Trimurtini Trimurtini , Setyani Mira Amalia , Sari Elok Fariha , Nugraheni Nursiwi
Published: June 2021

This study aims to develop, study the feasibility and effectiveness of mathematics comic media based on mind mapping for fifth-grade students of public elementary schools in Demak. The method used is the Sugiyono Research and Development model consisting of 7 steps. The data analysis technique used descriptive statistics, t-test, z-test and n-gain. The results showed the development process of mathematical comic media based on mind mapping on speed and discharge topics with the local cultural background of Demak city. Media was assessed by material, media, and language experts, and It showed valid results and very feasible to be implemented.  This media's effectiveness is indicated by the improvement of the Students’ learning outcomes and learning achievement.  Students and teachers' response about this media shows positive responses because the comic media are practical and complete content, such as (material, question, assignment, solution, and evaluation). The conclusion is learning media has been successfully developed.    Mathematics comic media based on mind mapping is very feasible and practical used in learning mathematics, and it is efeffectively improvements’ learning.
Hebrew Incunabula in the Russian Researchers’ Publications. Bibliographic Review
Authors: Iakerson Semen M.
Published: June 2021

Hebrew incunabula amount to a rather modest, in terms of number, group of around 150 editions that were printed within the period from the late 60s of the 15th century to January 1, 1501 in Italy, Spain, Portugal and Turkey. Despite such a small number of Hebrew incunabula, the role they played in the history of the formation of European printing cannot be overlooked. Even less possible is to overestimate the importance of Hebrew incunabula for understanding Jewish spiritual life as it evolved in Europe during the Renaissance.

Russian depositories house 43 editions of Hebrew incunabula, in 113 copies and fragments. The latter are distributed as following: the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences — 67 items stored; the Russian State Library — 38 items; the National Library of Russia — 7 items; the Jewish Religious Community of Saint Petersburg — 1 item. The majority of these books came in public depositories at the late 19th — first half of the 20th century from private collections of St. Petersburg collectors: Moses Friedland (1826—1899), Daniel Chwolson (1819—1911) and David Günzburg (1857—1910). This article looks into the circumstances of how exactly these incunabula were acquired by the depositories. For the first time there are analysed publications of Russian scholars that either include descriptions of Hebrew incunabula (inventories, catalogues, lists) or related to various aspects of Hebrew incunabula studies. The article presents the first annotated bibliography of all domestic publications that are in any way connected with Hebrew incunabula, covering the period from 1893 (the first publication) to the present. In private collections, there was paid special attention to the formation of incunabula collections. It was expressed in the allocation of incunabula as a separate group of books in printed catalogues and the publication of research works on incunabula studies, which belonged to the pen of collectors themselves and haven’t lost their scientific relevance today.
The Birth of Bibliologos. To the 100th Anniversary of the Institute of Book Studies
Authors: Sokolov Arkadiy V.
Published: June 2021

M.N. Kolesnikova’s monograph “Ahead of Time. To the 100th Anniversary of the Institute of Book Studies (Petrograd-Leningrad, 1920—1933)”, published in 2020, is a valuable contribution to the history of book science, library science, bibliography science, the general history of Russian culture and a fascinating textbook for students of library, information and media cultural school. The history of the Institute of Book Studies is a vivid illustration of the relationship between the totalitarian power and the creative intelligentsia. The monograph, which contains detailed biographical information about the employees of the Institute of Book Studies, can be called a reference book of library science and book science elite of Leningrad in the 1920s. All the classic problems of bibliography science, library science and book science were in the field of view of the staff of the Institute of Book Studies. Considering the constructive program of activities and the strong team of enthusiasts, the Institute could have grown into a truly research institution if the overall development of the country had gone differently.

Based on the analysis of the scientific-research and educational activities of the Institute, it is concluded that it can be considered the birthplace of the Russian Bibliologos. Bibliologos is interpreted in two ways: first, as a social group of intellectuals-book lovers who ensure the functioning of the national bibliosphere; second, as a universe of bibliological knowledge embodied in book form as a result of scientific, pedagogical and practical activities of intellectuals-book lovers. The author highlights that it is necessary to preserve the memory of the Leningrad Institute of Book Studies, which served as the “cradle of the Russian Bibliologos” in the history of book culture.
Professional Information Needs of Library Specialists in Russia
Authors: Neshcheret Marina Y.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the comprehensive study of the professional information needs (IN) of specialists of the central libraries of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The rapid development of high technologies in the field of accumulation, transmission and processing of information, the creation of modern telecommunications systems have led to the emergence of fundamentally new opportunities for organizing the information process. This, in turn, led to the qualitative growth of IN specialists, including those employed in the field of library activities. The specific features of IN library specialists are determined by their place and role in the modern process of cultural activity, industry orientation, nature of work and specialization. During 2018—2019, the Centre for Research of Problems of the Development of Libraries in the Information Society of the Russian State Library carried out research aimed at comprehensive study of the information needs of cultural workers employed in the library sphere. At the first stage of the research, there was comprehended the existing experience of studying professional information needs in the national library science. At the second stage, using the method of questionnaire survey, information needs of library specialists were studied in order to identify the most rational forms and methods of providing them. The analysis of the survey results made it possible to identify the sources of professional information, to reveal information resources that have the greatest importance and characterize specific features of librarians’ information needs.

The author concludes on the need to expand the access to full-text databases and electronic versions of periodicals for library staff. The creation of integrated information centre could help providing library professionals with professional information. Currently, the function of such a centre is performed by the National Electronic Library, which includes the professional section for library specialists. The results of the study form theoretical and methodological basis for the rational use of resources and potential of libraries in providing information to professional information needs of library specialists and determine the prospects for further research related to improving the forms and methods of information service for this category of users.
Rezension zu: Kontos, Maria (2020): Die desintegrativen Folgen des öffentlichen Integrationsdiskurses. Eine biographieanalytische Untersuchung von Migrantinnen und Migranten. Opladen u.a.: Barbara Budrich, 231 Seiten, ISBN: 978-3-8474-2413-0, 24,90 Euro (36,90 CHF)
Authors: Zwahlen Eveline
Published: June 2021

Am 30. August 2010 erschien das Buch von Thilo Sarrazin mit dem Titel „Deutschland schafft sich ab“ und führte zum Höhepunkt einer breit inszenierten neuen öffentlichen Integrationsdebatte. Diese dient dem vorliegenden Buch als Ausgangslage, um der Frage nachzugehen, wie die Debatte „auf die Selbstinterpretation und das Selbstverständnis von Migrantinnen und Migranten, auf ihr Integrationshandeln und ihre Selbstpositionierung bzw. Selbstverortung in der Gesellschaft einwirkt“.
Bleaching the Record: After 200 Years, Single Crystal X-Ray Crystallography Reveals the Structure and Hydrogen-Bonding Properties of Hypochlorite and Hypobromite Ions in the Solid State
Authors: Topic Filip , Marrett Joseph , Borchers Tristan , Titi Hatem M. , Barrett Christopher J. , Friscic Tomislav
Published: June 2021

We report the first single crystal structures of hypochlorite and hypobromite salts, including hydrated sodium hypochlorite - a ubiquitous bleaching and disinfection agent in use for almost 200 years. The structures represent the first characterization of fundamentally important hypochlorite and hypobromite anions in the solid state, by X-ray crystallography and are supported by Raman spectroscopy on individual crystals. The structural analysis provides insight into supramolecular chemistry of the hypohalite ions in the hydrated environment of the NaOCl.5H2O and NaOBr.5H2O solid salts, and reveals measured Cl-O and Br-O bond lengths of 1.69 A and 1.82 A, respectively, which are significantly longer than those for corresponding higher-valence oxoanions, and in agreement with the values spectroscopically determined for hypohalous acids and corresponding oxides in the gas phase.
Approach to Hyponatremia
Authors: Schachter Kaylie
Published: June 2021

Hyponatremia is a common laboratory finding in numerous patients. It is defined as a serum sodium concentration <135 mmol/L and represents an excess of water in the extracellular compartment. The severity of this electrolyte abnormality ranges from asymptomatic to seizures, coma and death as a consequence of cerebral swelling. There are multiple medical conditions, medications and disease states that can cause hyponatremia. This article summarizes the important pathophysiological pathways involved in the development of hyponatremia, describes an approach to common causes and reviews the initial steps in management.
LEY DE INTERRUPCIÓN VOLUNTARIA DEL EMBARAZO (IVE) ARGENTINA 2020, EVIDENCIA DE LA AUTONOMÍA DEL EMBRIÓN.
Authors: Chirinos Ríos Carlos Alberto
Published: June 2021

El siguiente artículo identificó los principales argumentos sobre los que se estructura la aprobación de la ley de interrupción voluntaria del embarazo (IVE) en argentina el 30 de diciembre del 2020, inicialmente se analizó la autonomía del embrión, su manejo aceptado en las técnicas de reproducción asistida, el derecho a la protección a través del tiempo de la vida humana y los “daños a terceros”.

Analizamos datos del ministerio de salud respecto a los casos de muerte materna asociados al aborto clandestino, así mismo se hizo referencia a la normativa de la UNESCO en su declaración sobre bioética y los derechos humanos, sustentados en argumentos de Kant sobre la verdad y la autonomía del ser humano, con el sustento teórico fisiológico se realizó una descripción general de las etapas siguientes a la fecundación comprobando así, la evidencia de autonomía del embrión y su capacidad de mantenerse viable en situaciones adversas incluso en ambientes extra materno tal como lo realizan las técnicas de reproducción asistida.

Se concluyó con la propuesta de proteger la vida por encima de todo interés, teniendo en cuenta que en ciertas circunstancias especiales en nuestro país no existe una norma oficial clara que la proteja además se requiere mayor legislación al respeto, porque en la ley promulgada en Argentina se vulnera la autonomía del embrión humano.
THE RELEVANCE OF PANCASILA JUSTICE IN IMPLEMENTING STATE ADMINISTRATIVE COURT DECISIONS
Authors: Sintara Dani , Marzuki Marzuki
Published: June 2021

Administrative law in its development has two dimensions, on the one hand guarantee the realization of state power balance and includes the relationship between the relevant state institutions and on the other hand guarantee the harmonization between the function and duties of the state with the ideals of the nation, it is also clear that the administrative law is a realized media From the concept of limitation of power as it becomes the core of a constitutional democracy, the method of approaching normative juridical, the results of the study stated that the issue of the implementation of the State Administrative Court's court ruling depend on the moral ethics of public officials, has made a state administrative court ruling difficult to exceed in reality in society. Such conditions have contrary to the principle of the Litit of the Oportet which requires every case there must be finally because the purpose of the case of the court to the court is certainly to get a solution. Pancasila justice is a basic principle must be implemented in the decision of the State Administrative Court to realize the certainty of law and justice needed by the community.
Shoulder Isokinetic Strength Balance Ratio in Overhead Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Vargas Valentine Zimermann , Motta Caroline , Vancini Rodrigo Luiz , Barbosa de Lira Claudio Andre , Andrade Marilia Santos
Published: June 2021

Background

Studies have grouped different overhead sports and evaluated together the isokinetic strength of shoulder internal (IR) and external (ER) rotator muscles. However, muscular adaptations could be a consequence of the specific sport, and some strength imbalance between these muscles may exist as a consequence of the muscular demand unique to the sport. Therefore, grouping different overhead sports together may not be adequate.

Purpose

To compare strength balance ratios between different overhead sports (volleyball, handball, swimming, judo, baseball, softball, functional movements performed at high-intensity interval training, and tennis) with a control athletic group (no overhead group).

Study design

Cross-sectional study.

Methods

A total of 237 athletes were submitted to isokinetic shoulder strength tests. The isokinetic concentric and eccentric peak torque values of shoulder internal IR and external ER rotator muscles were measured. Conventional (CR) and functional strength ratios (FR) were calculated.

Results

There were no significant differences between the sports for the CR in the male group. Female softball athletes (90.4±13.6%) had a significantly higher CR than judo (67.3±6.9%), volleyball (74.9±15.9%), and swimming athletes (70.3±8.7%). In the female group, judo athletes had lower FR values (0.76±0.19) than soccer athletes (1.31±0.35), volleyball athletes (1.24±0.27), functional movements performed at high intensity (1.10±0.1), and softball athletes (1.40±0.39). Female handball athletes also had a lower FR (0.99±0.25) than soccer athletes (1.31±0.35) and softball athletes (1.40±0.39). Male handball (0.90±0.23), tennis (0.86±0.30), and judo (0.68±0.22) athletes had lower FR values than soccer athletes (1.20±0.21) and volleyball athletes (1.25±0.28).

Conclusions

CR for males may be analyzed together, as there were no significant differences between them. However, for females, the CR for softball athletes should be analyzed individually. As there were several differences between the overhead sports according to the FRs, the authors suggest caution in grouping overhead athletes across multiple sports. These results could have important implications for the design of injury prevention and rehabilitation programs associated with the shoulder joint in overhead sports.

Level of Evidence

3
Gluteal Muscle Activation During Common Yoga Poses
Authors: Lehecka B.J. , Stoffregen Sydney , May Adam , Thomas Jacob , Mettling Austin , Hoover Josh , Hafenstine Rex , Hakansson Nils A
Published: June 2021

Background

Approximately 24% of physical therapists report regularly using yoga to strengthen major muscle groups. Although clinicians and athletes often use yoga as a form of strength training, little is known about the activation of specific muscle groups during yoga poses, including the gluteus maximus and medius.

Hypothesis/Purpose

The purpose of this study was to measure gluteus maximimus and gluteus medius activation via electromyography (EMG) during five common yoga poses. A secondary purpose of the current study was to examine differences in muscle activation between sexes and experience levels.

Study Design

Cross-Sectional

Methods

Thirty-one healthy males and females aged 18-35 years were tested during five yoga poses performed in a randomized order. Surface EMG electrodes were placed on subjects’ right gluteus maximus and gluteus medius. Subjects performed the poses on both sides following a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) test for each muscle. All yoga pose EMG data were normalized to the corresponding muscle MVIC data.

Results

Highest gluteus maximus activation occurred during Half Moon Pose on the lifted/back leg (63.3% MVIC), followed by the stance/front leg during Half Moon Pose (61.7%), then the lifted/back leg during Warrior Three Pose (46.1%). Highest gluteus medius activation occurred during Half Moon Pose on the lifted/back leg (41.9%), followed by the lifted/back leg during the Warrior Three Pose (41.6%). A significant difference was found in %MVIC of gluteus medius activity between male and female subjects (p = 0.026), and between experienced and inexperienced subjects (p = 0.050), indicating higher activation among males and inexperienced subjects, respectively.

Conclusion

Half Moon Pose and Warrior Three Pose elicited the highest activation for both the gluteus maximus and the gluteus medius. Higher gluteus medius activation was seen in males and inexperienced subjects compared to their female and experienced counterparts.

Level of Evidence

3
Rehabilitation Following Posterior Shoulder Stabilization
Authors: Goldenberg Brandon T , Goldsten Pamela , Lacheta Lucca , Arner Justin W , Provencher Matthew T , Millett Peter J
Published: June 2021

Posterior shoulder instability has been noted in recent reports to occur at a higher prevalence than originally believed, with many cases occurring in active populations. In most cases, primary surgical treatment for posterior shoulder instability—a posterior labral repair—is indicated for those patients who have failed conservative management and demonstrate persistent functional limitations. In order to optimize surgical success and return to a prior level of function, a comprehensive and focused rehabilitation program is crucial. Currently, there is a limited amount of literature focusing on rehabilitation after surgery for posterior instability. Therefore, the purpose of this clinical commentary is to present a post-surgical rehabilitation program for patients following posterior shoulder labral repair, with recommendations based upon best medical evidence.

Level of Evidence

5
Reliability and Validity of the Y-balance Test in Young Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Alshehre Yousef , Alkhathami Khalid , Brizzolara Kelli , Weber Mark , Wang-Price Sharon
Published: June 2021

Background

Individuals with chronic low back pain (CLBP) may demonstrate reduced ability to perform dynamic tasks due to fear of additional pain and injury in response to the movement. The Y-balance test (YBT) is a functional and inexpensive test used with various populations. However, the reliability and validity of the YBT used for assessing dynamic balance in young adults with CLBP have not yet been examined.

Purpose

To determine the inter-rater reliability of the YBT and to compare dynamic balance between young adults with CLBP and an asymptomatic group.

Study Design

Reliability and validity study.

Methods

Fifteen individuals with CLBP (≥ 12 weeks) and 15 age- and gender-matched asymptomatic adults completed the study. Each group consisted of 6 males and 9 females who were 21-38 years of age (27.47 ± 5.0 years). The YBT was used to measure participant’s dynamic balance in the anterior (ANT), posteromedial (PM) and posterolateral (PL) reach directions. The scores for each participant were independently determined and recorded to the nearest centimeter by two raters. Both the YBT reach distances and composite scores were collected from the dominant leg of asymptomatic individuals and the involved side of participants with CLBP and were used for statistical analysis.

Results

The YBT demonstrated excellent inter-rater reliability, with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.99 to 1.0 for the YBT scores of both asymptomatic and CLBP groups. The CLBP group had lower scores than those of the asymptomatic group in the reach distances of the ANT (p = 0.023), PM (p < 0.001), and PL (p = 0.001) directions, and the composite scores (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The results demonstrated excellent inter-rater reliability and validity of the YBT for assessing dynamic balance in the CLBP population. The YBT may be a useful tool for clinicians to assess dynamic balance deficits in patients with CLBP.

Level of Evidence

2b.
Recommendations for Plyometric Training after ACL Reconstruction – A Clinical Commentary
Authors: Buckthorpe Matthew , Della Villa Francesco
Published: June 2021

This paper presents a four-stage plyometric program to be undertaken as part of criterion-based rehabilitation for athletes with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). After ACLR, the patient experiences alterations of joint mobility, gait and movement patterns, neuromuscular function and general physical fitness. Plyometric training is an important component for neuromuscular and movement re-conditioning after ACLR. Effective use of plyometrics can support enhancements in explosive sporting performance, movement quality and lower risk of injury. Plyometric training, as a component of the ACL functional recovery process, can aid in restoring function and supporting timely return to sport. However, few patients undertake or complete a plyometric program prior to return-to-sport. To truly impact individual patients, a stronger focus on research implementation is needed from researchers to translate efficacious interventions into practice. In designing a plyometric program, it is important to match the specific plyometric tasks to the functional recovery status of the ACLR patient. To do this, it is important to understand the relative intensity of plyometrics tasks, align these tasks to the ACL functional recovery process and monitor the athlete as part of criterion based rehabilitation. Plyometric intensity is based on the intensity of efforts, the vertical and/or horizontal momentum prior to ground contact, the ground contact time and the surface or environment on which they are performed on/in. Furthermore, how the person technically performs the task will influence joint loading. There should be a gradual increase in task intensity and specificity throughout the program, with all tasks used for both neuromuscular and motor control re-conditioning. The aim of this paper is to provide recommendations to clinicians on how to design and implement plyometric training programs for the ACLR patient, as part of the functional recovery process.

Level of evidence

5
Shoulder Strength and Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test Performance in Division III Collegiate Baseball and Softball Players.
Authors: Schilling David T. , Elazzazi Ashraf M.
Published: June 2021

Background

Shoulder strength measured with a handheld dynamometer (HHD) and the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST) are clinical tools that have been used to measure athlete’s performance and track their progress.

Purpose

The specific aims of this study were to describe baseball (BB) and softball (SB) players isometric strength measures and their performance on the CKCUEST; examine the relationships between strength and the CKCUEST; compare isometric strength measures of the throwing and non-throwing arms; and compare the strength and the CKCUEST measures between BB and SB players.

Study Design

Observational cohort study.

Methods

Participants included 50 DIII BB and 24 DIII SB players. Shoulder strength for the internal and external rotators were measured using a HHD and the CKCUEST was performed. The CKCUEST score and power were calculated. Descriptive statistics and paired t-tests were used to compare throwing and non-throwing shoulder strength. Independent t-test was used to compare BB and SB players shoulder strength and the CKCUEST measures.

Results

The BB players demonstrated significant strength differences between the throwing and non-throwing shoulders and the internal rotators were significantly stronger than the external rotators (p < 0.05), while the strength ratio of the internal and external rotators was not different between arms (p=0.87). The SB players demonstrated no significant strength differences between the throwing and non-throwing shoulders for the internal and external rotators or the strength ratio of the rotators (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences between the strength of the internal and external rotators of the non-throwing shoulder (p=0.075) or the throwing shoulder (p=0.096). The BB players throwing and non-throwing shoulders produced significantly more internal and external force than the SB players (p < 0.001), however, the internal/external rotators strength ratio were similar (p=0.32, p=0.30). The CKCUEST power had inverse and significant correlations (p=0.006, p=0.003) with SB players internal and external rotators, respectively. The CKCUEST power was significantly different between BB and SB players (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

This study presented shoulder rotator strength and CKCUEST reference values for DIII BB and SB players. BB players demonstrated more strength but overall, less symmetry compared to SB players. CKCUEST power may be considered for the evaluation of athletes.

Level of Evidence

Level III
The place of reporting in the management of financial results of the enterprise
Authors: Nesterenko O.O.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the article is to determine the place and impact of indicators of financial, non-financial and internal reporting on the management of financial results of enterprises. It is determined that the primary cause of significant losses in the activities of enterprises is the global epidemic COVID-19, which reduced economic activity, gave impetus to additional investment and financial incentives. It is proved that in order to increase the efficiency of profitability management, enterprises need to systematically analyze the indicators of financial, non-financial and internal reporting and investigate the factors influencing their importance and make appropriate changes to the financial performance management system. The place of different types of reporting in the process of managing the financial results of the enterprise is considered. In order to obtain the highest quality, objective and true forecast indicators of financial results, a sequence of analysis of indicators based on financial statements has been developed. In order to determine the financial indicators, strengths and weaknesses of the entity and the list of issues that should be disclosed in the internal financial statements, it is proposed to conduct a survey of stakeholders. It is proved that the mechanism of financial results management should be based on special indicators that comprehensively characterize the tax, investment, innovation, social and environmental components of the business model of the entity, which is most fully implemented in integrated reporting. It is proposed to constantly assess the risks that may arise when expecting excess profits from its use and in the event of certain deviations to make appropriate adjustments to financial policy, analyzing the indicators of integrated reporting. A matrix for monitoring the financial reliability of the business model of the business entity has been developed. Factors that significantly affect the financial results of the enterprise are classified according to the following characteristics: attitude to the enterprise (external and internal); time of action (permanent, temporary, past, current and future); content (economic, social and environmental).
Analysis of the Collaborative Education System of Local Universities under the Fundamentals of “New Engineering” Construction
Authors: Ma Jing
Published: June 2021

Based on the fundamentals of “new engineering” construction, this article briefly introduces the development standards of local colleges and universities, analyzes the significance of the collaborative education system of local universities under the fundamentals of “new engineering” construction, and explores the fundamentals of “new engineering.” The specific implementation strategy of the collaborative education system of industry-university collaboration in local colleges and universities.
Importance of Ideological and Political Education in Teaching Fine Arts Education in Higher Vocational Colleges
Authors: Lin Bizhu
Published: June 2021

Ideological and political education is the fundamental way to implement the goal of establishing moral value and educating students in local higher vocational colleges. For teaching fine arts education in higher vocational colleges, ideological and political education is rationally taught to fully instill the thoughts contained in art disciplines. Political elements, organically integrates ideological and political education with academic art education to form an educational synergy and promote the professional and ideological growth of students. Based on the analysis of the importance of integrating ideological and political education in the teaching of fine arts in higher vocational colleges, this research proposes several implementation methods, hoping to provide help to promote the orderly development of national higher education.
A HIGH GAIN AND HIGH BANDWIDTH REFLECTARRAY ANTENNA FOR 5G COMMUNICATION
Authors: Azeem Abdul
Published: June 2021

This paper presents the design of high gain and bandwidth reflectarray for 5G networks operating in Millimeter-wave (mmWave) at 28GHz and 38GHz. A polymer benzocylobutene (BCB) is used as substrate material having a dielectric constant of 2.65, and low tan δ ≤ 0.0008. The unit cell is optimized to achieve full phase reflection of 334o over the operating band. Enhanced gain, wider bandwidth and full phase reflection are achieved by making air holes in the substrate. A 15×15 elements reflectarray based on the optimized unit cell is designed to enhance the gain. The reflectarray is excited through horn feed having a gain of 15dB with a feeding distance of 165mm and 00 offsets. A gain of 23dB was observed at lower operating frequency (i.e 28GHz) and 25dB at upper operating frequency (i.e 38GHz)with a bandwidth of 2GHz at both operating frequencies.
Flow: an exploration of the mindsets and behaviours of designers in their creative ecosystem
Authors: Sarrot Raul
Published: June 2021

How Designers transcend the barriers to creativity to achieve an ideal state of flow during their creative process? Tracing parallels between Design education and industry-based practice, Flow is an article that explores the mindsets and behaviours of Designers in their ecosystems and the challenges surrounding them. The exploratory journey advanced in the manuscript is based on foundational art essays blended with different points of view from traditional designers and Positive Psychology concepts. Aditionally, it builds on the author’s previous research developed on Flow and aimed to challenge paradigms and contrast core design principles and philosophies. Its purpose is to better understand what are the tensions between the different creative processes like the individual spark of creativity, the playful serendipity, the inventor’s light bulb, the apprentice master craftsmanship model and other contemporary methodologies such as Design Thinking and Agile. Nevertheless, it inspect how all of these approaches relates to the context of the designers’ ecosystem and the challenges they face when designing. As a piece of research, Flow does not offer final crystalised answers or solutions yet instead poses critical questions and offers an open dialogue with diverse points of view.
Post-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and Transcranial approach surgical outcomes.
Authors: Kalhoro Aurangzeb , Samad Abdul , Javeed Farrukh , Hassan Sher , Rehman Lal
Published: June 2021

Objective: To assess the outcomes of the transcranial approach in traumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. Study Design: Descriptive study. Setting: J.P.M.C, Karachi. Period: 15-1-2017 to 17-7- 2019. Material & Method: Total of 57 patient were included. Including criteria were patient with a history of trauma, fall, assault, and delayed onset, however, patients presenting with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea, brain abscess, brain space-occupying lesion, skull base surgery operated elsewhere were excluded. fasia lata, Pericranial flaps were used for the surgical repair. Data were analyzed on SPSS version 22.0. Result: Patients gone through the surgical approach having intradural repair in all patients, 25 (43.85%) patients with fasia lata graft while pericranium in 32 (56.1%) and the defect was filled with small bone pieces. In 38(66.6%) unilateral sub frontal approach was done while in 19 patients (33.3 %%) bicoronal craniotomy was carried out. All patient had dura defected, 37 patients (64.9%) had a fractured cribriform plate, 9 (15%) patient had fovea ethmoidal fracture. 30(52.63%) had right side leak, 20 had left side leak (35%), 7(12.28%) had bilateral from both nasals leakage. No reoperation was done. 93% procedure showed successfully. Conclusions: This method is effective with the low rate of morbidity in patients, it can be preferred for traumatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks with the injuries associated with the brain, recurrent leak cases with a success rate of > 93%
Comparison of Near Total thyroidectomy with Sub total thyroidectomy for Multindular goipe in terms of recurrence rate.
Authors: Rashid Sajid
Published: June 2021

Objective: To compare the outcome of NTT and STT for multinodular goiter in terms of Recurrence rate. Study Design: Experimental study. Setting: Department of Surgery DHQ Teaching Hospital Rawalpindi. Period: July 2016 to December 2017. Material & Methods: All patients were admitted through OPD according to the already set inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two groups were made first group was NTT group and second group was STT group. Patients were divided into two groups by lottery method (Probability sampling). Follow up period for recurrence was 1 year. Analysis of data was done by SPSS version -20. Chisquare test was used to see the statistical significance. Value of P was set at 0.05. Results: A total of 63 (n=63) patients were included in the study. Over all there were 71.40% females and 28.60% males. Average age of the female patients was 36.3 years and in males average age was 40.60 years. In NTT group there were 32 patients (n=32) and in STT group there were 31 patients (n=31). There was no recurrence in NTT group whereas recurrence was noted in 5 out of 31 patients (16.10%) in STT group which was found statistically significant (p = 7.61). Overall incidental carcinoma was noted in 6 out of 63 patients (9.52%). So completion thyroidectomy had to be carried in 4 patients of incidental carcinoma from STT group whereas 2 patients of incidental carcinoma from NTT group did not require any further treatment. Conclusion: Results of this study prove the superiority of NTT over STT regarding recurrence rate and safety of treatment for multinodular goiter. NTT eliminates recurrence rate of MNG which is very high in STT. NTT also obviates the need for completion thyroidectomy in case of incidental carcinoma.
The Impact of Surfactant Administration Techniques (LISA vs INSURE) on the Outcomes of Respiratory Distress Syndrome in premature babies.
Authors: Rehman Abdur , Ahmad Munir , Quddusi Ahmad Iqbal , Nadeem Aashee , Iqbal Imran
Published: June 2021

Objective: We aimed this study to find out the Impact of Surfactant Administration Techniques (LISA vs INSURE) on the Outcomes of RDS in premature newborns. Study Design: Retrospective study. Setting:  Children’s Hospital and The institute of Child Health Multan. Period: October 2018 to March 2020. Material & Methods: 159 premature babies reported with RDS at Institute of child health, Multan were evaluated. Out of these 87 infants were given surfactant through LISA technique and 72 were given through INSURE. The surfactant used for all these babies was proractant alpha. Results: The duration of oxygen (O2) therapy was significantly less in LISA group (14.87 ± 11.21 days) as compare to INSURE (19.67 ± 9.79 days), p <0.001. Number of patients who require mechanical ventilation was (23% vs 44%, p< 0.05) and median days of nCPAP was (10.74 ± 3.07 vs 15.12 ± 8.79, p<0.05). Our analysis shows that no significant difference in mortality, incidence of air leak and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) between the two groups. Conclusion: Patients administered surfactant through LISA technique requires significantly less duration of oxygen therapy and need of mechanical ventilation as well as duration of nCPAP. We conclude that LISA technique is preferable method for surfactant administration in premature infants.
The ability of postgraduate students to diagnose and treat migraine and tension-type headache: A hospital-based survey.
Authors: Larik Awais Bashir , Mughal Shaheen Ahmed , Lakhiar Muslim Ali
Published: June 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of postgraduate medical students whether they can diagnose migraine and tension-type headache according to the International Headache Society criteria and whether they had an adequate clinical knowledge for the management of these headaches. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Departments of Neurology, PUMHS, Nawabshah and LUMHS, Jamshoro. Period: March and April 2018. Material & Methods: A questioner was designed outlining three options for the diagnosis of Migraine and Tension Type Headache (TTH) and the students were asked to pick the correct option which is based on the International Headache Society (IHS) criteria. In addition, a few more questions were incorporated relating to the management of these headaches, confidence in making the diagnosis, knowledge of most common type of headache, need for neuroimaging, presence of childhood migraine and the role of genes in causing migraine. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 18. Results: A total of 73 postgraduate students responded to the questionnaire. Among them 21 were enrolled in MD and 52 were enrolled in FCPS training program. For migraine and TTH diagnostic criteria only 34% and 19% were able to pick the correct answers respectively. Although there answers were incorrect 65.8% students were confident about their diagnosis. Majority (58.9%) thought TTH as the most common headache and 11% thought migraine is the commonest. Most of the students 90.4% would go for neuroimaging in selected cases and the remaining 9.6%. Thought neuroimaging is indicated in every case of headache. In response to have you ever seen a child with migraine in 71% the response was NO. As far the question is there a role of genes in causing migraine 63% said YES while 37% thought there is NO role of genes in Migraine. Choice of drugs for acute and prophylactic treatment was also noted. Conclusion: The ability of postgraduate medical students to diagnose and treat migraine and tension-type headache was found to be less than satisfactory. There is a need for designing headache-specific CME programs for the postgraduate students so that their diagnostic and treatment abilities can be improved.
Exploring the Empathy - Aggression Relationship, and Gender Related Differences in Greek College Students
Authors: Sharma Nathasha S.
Published: June 2021

The present study examined the inverse relationship between empathy (cognitive and affective) and forms of aggression (physical, verbal, anger and hostility). Previous research has continuously argued that empathy mitigates forms of aggression in individuals due to cognitive perspective taking and emotional sharing with others, that buffer hostile behaviour towards one another. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding this association in Greek culture. This correlational analysis examined empathy using the widely known multifaceted Davis Interpersonal Reactivity Index and aggression was explored using the multi-dimensional Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire in a sample of 92 Greek undergraduate college students from two private institutions in Athens, Greece. Gender effects on aggression and empathy levels were investigated as well. The results revealed that cognitive and emotional empathy indeed demonstrates a negative relationship with direct physical aggression. However, other forms of aggression such as verbal aggression, hostility and anger were positively associated with personal distress and Empathic fantasy majorly linked to Greek emotional regulation difficulties. Females displayed higher Empathic fantasy scores compared to males. A cultural perspective was adopted in exploring the results considering norms, gender roles, collective regulation capacities and societal conditioning, offering links to previous literature and theories.
Immobilization of Nuclear Waste Using Carbon Nanotubes Prepared by Laser Ablation in Liquid Method
Authors: Abed al-hussein Thuraya amer , Jaber Ghufran S.
Published: June 2021

In an attempt to disposal from nuclear waste which threats our health and environments. Therefore we have to find appropriate method to immobilize nuclear waste. So, in this research the nuclear waste (Strontium hydroxide) was immobilized by Carbon nanotubes (CNTs).  The Nd-YAG laser with wave length 1064 nm, energy 750 mJ and 100 pulses used to prepare CNTs. After that adding Sr(HO)2 powder to the CNTs colloidal in calculated rate to get homogenous mixing of CNTs-Sr(OH)2. The Sr(HO)2 absorbs carbon dioxide from the air to form strontium carbonate so, the  new solution is CNTs-SrCO3. To dry solution putting three drops from the new solution on the glass slides. To investigate the radiation damage on CNTs structure, the sample was irradiation by Beta source (90Sr/90Y) for different period of time. The structure properties were measured using X-ray diffraction XRD while the shape and size property was measured by scanning electron microscope SEM.

The result shows homogenous distribution of nanoparticles with average particle size about 20nm. The XRD spectra for all sample before and after irradiation shows the higher peaks that it’s almost appearance at 2  = 25 degree and when compared the XRD phase with Standard card the resultant nanomaterial is Strontium carbonite (SrCo3). From SEM micrograph, CNTs-SrCO3 were well decorated on the surface of CNTs and there was not any remarkable difference in the corresponding due to Beta radiation exposure.
A Study of Crystallographic and DC Electrical Characteristics of PPy/Ag Nanocomposites
Authors: Salman Mohammed abdilridha , Hassan Salma M.
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT: Polypyrrole and polypyrrole / silver nanocomposites were fabricated by in-situ polymerization employing Ammonium Persulphate as an oxidizing agent. Nanocomposites were synthesized by combining polypyrrole and silver nanoparticles in various weight percentages (0.1%, 0.5%, 3%, 5% and 7% wt.). Crystallographic data were collected using X-ray diffraction.  PPy particles were found to have an orthorhombic symmetry. In contrast, PPy/Ag nanocomposites were reported to have monoclinic structure. The crystallite size was determined by XRD using Scherrer equation and considered to be within 49 nm range. DC conductivity of pelletized samples was evaluated in the temperature range of 323.15k to 453.15k. The conductivity displayed an increase when the temperature is increased from 323.15k to 453.15k. Activation energies were determined from plots of Arrhenius for all nanocomposites. The findings indicated that the activation energy decrease with increasing the weight percentage of Ag nanoparticles in the nanocomposites.
Pädagogische Elemente in agilen Methoden – inwieweit lernen Organisationen im agilen Arbeiten?
Authors: Kipper Jenny
Published: June 2021

Aus erziehungswissenschaftlicher Sicht analysiert dieser Beitrag, welche Lernformen und pädagogischen Technologien im Alltag von Scrum-AnwenderInnen auffindbar sind, sodass von einer lernenden Organisation gesprochen werden könnte. Nach einer theoretischen Analyse des Scrum Guide folgen Einblicke in acht ExpertInneninterviews, die mittels einer rekonstruktiven Analyse auf vorhandene pädagogische Ansätze, Technologien und Lernindikatoren untersucht werden, bevor abschließend der Hypothese ›wenn eine Organisation agil arbeitet, lerne sie auch‹ nachgegangen wird.
»Im Overwrite-Modus überstürmt«
Authors: Küster Hendrik , Raab Marius
Published: June 2021

Start-ups gelten als idealtypisch agil und dienen als Vorbild für Umstrukturierungen in Unternehmen. Die Grounded-Theory-Studie rekonstruiert, wie in agil organisierten Start-ups mit Belastung und Beanspruchung umgegangen wird. Eine optimierte Stressgestaltung prägt die Arbeit, die durch eine große Bandbreite von Aufgaben, enge Zeitzyklen und ein ausgeprägtes Engagement bestimmt ist. Das Ausbalancieren der Belastungen und Aneignen des Stresses ermöglichen hohe Leistungen, bergen aber das Risiko verschiedener negativer Belastungserfahrungen. Es besteht die Gefahr, sich in einem Tunnel zu verlieren, aufgrund von Widersprüchen zwischen der erfahrenen Realität der Arbeitsbedingungen und dem Ideal der Agilität eine Dissonanz zu erleben oder nicht in dem agilen Umfeld bestehen zu können. Das Streben nach Balance, das sich in den Wünschen der Mitarbeitenden ebenso zeigt wie in den konzeptionellen Grundsätzen der agilen Arbeitsweise, erscheint somit fragil. Durch verschiedene Erzählungen werden die Belastungserfahrungen in die optimierte Stressgestaltung eingeordnet.
Hierarchie im Spannungsfeld konkurrierender Erwartungen
Authors: Bull Finn-Rasmus , Muster Judith
Published: June 2021

Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, welche Folgen der Einführung postbürokratischer Arbeitsweisen in Großorganisationen sich mit Blick auf den Umgang mit Hierarchie beobachten lassen und wie diese aus organisationssoziologischer Sicht verortet werden können. Ziel ist es, der oft einseitig kritischen Debatte zur Rolle von Hierarchie in Organisationen eine differenzierte Perspektive hinzuzufügen, die die Frage nach Funktionen zum Ausgangspunkt der Analyse macht. Anhand zweier empirischer Fälle wird vor dem Hintergrund äquivalenzfunktionalistischer Annahmen eine solche Analyse durchgeführt. Dabei werden die Bezugsprobleme von Strukturlösungen in Form formaler wie auch informaler Hierarchie identifiziert sowie ihre jeweiligen Folgeprobleme nachgezeichnet. Deutlich wird, dass die Realisierung postbürokratischer Arbeitsweisen in den untersuchten Fällen durch die Entstehung von Spannungsfeldern zwischen konkurrierenden Erwartungsstrukturen sowohl an organisationalen Schnittstellen als auch innerhalb der postbürokratischen Einheiten geprägt ist. Der Beitrag schließt mit einem kurzen Resümee und Ausblick zu möglichen Anschlüssen an die hier vorgeschlagene Perspektive.