bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Central Obesity with Overall Obesity in Predicting the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Joshi Bishal , Shrestha Laxmi , Bhattarai Kushal , Manandhar Nilu , Mahotra Narayan Bahadur
Published: July 2019

INTRODUCTION: Many studies have shown the association of waist circumference, waist hip ratio and body mass index with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Waist circumference and waist hip ratio have been used as measures of central obesity and body mass index has been used as a measure of general obesity. Objective of this study is to find out which type of obesity is better for prediction of risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

 MATERIAL AND METHODS:Total 100 participants with confirmed diagnosis of type 2 DM with age group 35-80 years were selected for the study. Anthropometric measurements like height, weight, waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference were measured and body mass index (BMI) and waist hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. Area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used for correlating the parameters with type 2 diabetes mellitus in both male and female patients.

 RESULTS: Area under ROC curve, a measure of performance of the indices in predicting diabetes in total subjects, was found to be highest for waist hip ratio (0.840) followed by waist circumference (0.688) and BMI (0.608). Similarly, area under ROC curve was found maximum for waist hip ratio followed by waist circumference and body mass index in case of male and female patients.

 CONCLUSION: The present study concludes that anthropometric indicators of central obesity (WHR and WC) are more predictive for type 2 DM than anthropometric indicator of general obesity (BMI).
Basic Assumptions of Organizational Behavior
Authors: Basnet Bhupindra Jung
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this paper is to do in depth analysis of the basic assumptions of organizational behavior. This paper is based on conceptual base reviewed from different books and research reports. The objective of the study is to identify the basic assumptions of organizational behavior. The paper concludes that there are two types of basic assumptions of organizational behavior. They are nature of people and nature of organizations. A basic assumption about nature of people incorporates individual differences, a whole person, and motivated behavior, value of the person, selective perception, and desire for involvement. A basic assumption about nature of organizations involves social system, mutuality of interest, and ethical treatment.
Job Hopping Tendency in Millenials
Authors: Pandey Dhruba Lal
Published: July 2019

Job hopping refers to the tendency of a person to work briefly in an organization in particular position rather than staying in an organization for a longer time. This research study is conducted to examine the job hopping tendency in millennial in private sector of Nepal. It also studies the factors which attracts millennial in new organization. The factors which force a person to leave an organization arête seek new opportunities. Generally the considered variables for leaving the job; low pay structure, low potential for growth, and unfair treatment by management and conflict with the immediate supervisor/ Coworkers. The factors considered for choosing the new job; chances of career growth, higher salary, job security, freedom at workplace, reputation of organization and higher position.

Materials and methods: Study populations are the millennial working in private organizations of Kathmandu valley. For this study the convenience sampling method was chosen where the data was collected through the questionnaire. Data were collected using likert scale questionnaire, yes/no questions, multiple choice single response and multiple choice multiple response questions. Percentage and correlation matrix was used to analyse the data,.

Results: The outcome of the research indicates that main reason behind millennial leaving the organization is no growth opportunity and attraction towards new job is career growth. The employees chose the current organization either they are getting higher position or sensize future growth.
Nepalese Foreign Trade: Growth, Composition, and Direction
Authors: Acharya Khubi Ram
Published: July 2019

The objective of this article is to study and analyze the growth, composition, and direction of the Nepalese foreign trade. This is descriptive a study that uses secondary sources of information. The analysis is based on simple statistical tools like ratio and percent. This study finds the very low export performance of Nepal. This is creating the problem of rapidly increasing trade deficit. Nepal is also unable to diversify its trade in terms of countries and commodities. The major causes of increasing trade deficit are low export, and high import, low-quality products, improper trade policy, higher cost of production, lack of publicity and advertisement, low production, slow industrial development, lack of trade diversification, etc. Nepal can reduce its trade deficit by diversification of its trade in terms of commodities and countries.
Existential Angst in Kate Chopin’s The Story of an Hour
Authors: Paudel Kishor
Published: July 2019

The present article on Kate Chopin’s The Story of an Hour (1894) explores women’s anxieties and struggles for self identity within the arena of strict social and traditional structures deeply rooted in the then American society in the late nineteenth century. Through this short story, Chopin portraits her feminist view and uses her own inspiration for surviving normal life in the mind of the American women for whom existing freely realizing their identity and potentiality had been far cry. Thus, drawing upon the idea of Simone de Beauvoir and other writers, this paper examines the desire and struggle of the female protagonist, Mrs. Mallard for her meaningful existence in the male-dominated society in America.
Power Approaches to Policy-Making
Authors: Pokharel Tej Raj
Published: July 2019

Society is the mixture of mass and elite group. Elite group of society remains in apex and forcefully take the space in decision making process, direct and instruct the mass as well as administrators and drag the power in their own hands. Elites manipulate mass opinion and sentiments. They rule masses of people. Elite theories introduce not only elites, but also new important subjects like power, and raise questions for example on oligarchic tendencies in democracy.
Electrification of Kathmandu Thundercloud: A Possible Mechanism
Authors: Baral D. R. , Baral K. N.
Published: July 2019

A Simple model has been developed with the plausible asumptions, and current terms that thundercloud are set up during thunderstorm activities . The electric field is then estimated for various values of RC time constant for field growth after lightning discharges as observed in the recovery curves of electric field recorded at ground level in Kathmandu Valley.Key words: Plausible asumptions; Thundercloud; Ground level ; Kathmandu ValleyTribhuvan University Journal Volume XVI, 1993Page: 12-18Uploaded date: 3 October, 2010
Phyto-Geography of Nepal Himalaya
Authors: Bajracharya Devendra M.
Published: July 2019

Not available.Key words: Phyto-Geography; Himalaya; NepalTribhuvan University Journal Vol. XIX, No. 2, 1996 Page: 57-76 Uploaded Date: 29 October, 2010
Viability of Biogas: An Option for Household Energy
Authors: Luitel Chakrapani
Published: July 2019

Not available.Key words: Occupational structure; Biogas; Energy; NepalTribhuvan University Journal Vol XXI, No. 2, 1998 Page: 79-90 Uploaded date: 29 April, 2011
A Coherent Method to Fit Cultural Anthropology into the Fertility Study
Authors: Subedi Pushp Kamal
Published: July 2019

This paper argues for a new analytical framework that draws the most attention to the relationship between demography and sociocultural anthropology, involving micro-level research. It is called ‘a case study approach to studying fertility’, which involves ‘process and product’. The analysis process constitutes a specific way of gathering comprehensive, systematic, and in-depth information about fertility, which leads eventually to a product: a case study fertility data. The incorporation of theories of culture as ‘the evaluative behaviour of social actors’ and ‘social constructionism’ appears to provide an attractive alternative theory of culture for fertility analysis. Special emphasis is placed on the political, economic, feminism, and social constructionism or, more generally, practice approaches to social facts. The present paper begins with good reason to think why we use a case study approach to studying fertility and its theoretical base. We then reconnoitre ‘a theory of culture for demography’ in order to flesh out ‘a coherent method to fit cultural anthropology into the demographic enterprise: a third generation fertility study’. Such interrogation helps clarify problems and advantages in terms of theory, methodology, practicality, useful outcomes and differences.Key words: Demography and sociocultural anthropology;  fertilityTribhuvan University Journal Volume XXVI No. 1, 2009 Page: 69-80
Echoes of the Vision of Hindu Philosophy in T. S. Eliot’s Writings
Authors: Bhatta Damauru Chandra
Published: July 2019

This paper makes an attempt to explore the echoes of the vision of Hindu philosophy in the selected works of T. S. Eliot. The works of Eliot such as his primary essay “Tradition and the Individual Talent,” and his primary poems such as “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,” “Gerontion,” The Waste Land, “Ash Wednesday,” “A Song for Simeon” and Four Quartets are under scrutiny in this paper. Eliot’s primary texts echo the vision of the Upanishads, the Bhagavad-Gita and the Patanjali Yoga Sutras of the Hindu (Vedic) philosophy. The vision is that rebirth is conditioned by one’s karma (actions). No one can escape from the fruits of his karma. One needs to undergo the self-realization to know the Essence (Brahman). When one knows the Essence, he is liberated from the wheel of life and death. Man himself is Brahman. The soul is immortal. The basic essence of Hindu philosophy is non-dual, which says that all the living beings and non-living objects are the manifestations of the same Ultimate Reality (Brahman). Eliot suggests that the knowledge of this essence can help humanity to promote equality and justice by ignoring discrimination and duality, to end human sorrows and to achieve real peace and happiness. This finding can assist humanity in the quest for understanding the meaning of human existence and the true spiritual nature of life to address the human sorrows resulted from the gross materialistic thinking.
Visual Position and Juxtaposition: An Analytical Study of Liberty Leading the People and Moon-Woman Cuts the Circle
Authors: Chaulagain Yashoda
Published: July 2019

This paper explores the idea of romantic and modern painting with the reference of Delacroix’s painting “Liberty Leading the People” and Jackson Pollock’s painting “Moon Woman Cuts the Circle”. Both painters representing different era, portray different styles, background, color, tempo, and textures in their painting. Delacroix’s painting expresses inner emotions and realistic world. His painting is emotional, it seems to be natural and exotic. He has used arches, sculptures, and gray color dominantly. In contrast to Delacroix, Pollock’s painting is experimental. It has abstraction and two-dimensionality. It looks rational that represents the frustrated and chaotic world in abstract form. In this sense, Delacroix’s painting “Liberty Leading the People” represents the liberty, equality, and fraternity. A woman personifying the concept and the goddess of liberty leads the people forward over the bodies of the fallen men holding the flag of the French Revolution. On the other hand, Jackson Pollock’s painting “Moon Woman Cuts the Circle” reflects the modern world representing woman the symbol of peace, color tempo suggests the domination of violence and bloodshed. The weapon shows the domination of the power which is violent. Delacroix’s painting suggests the hope of change and bright future but Pollock seems to be pessimistic in his painting.
Velocity Detection from a Motion Blur Image Using Radon Transformation
Authors: Jha Tantra Nath
Published: July 2019

Motion blur is the result when the camera shutter remains open for an extended period of time and a relative motion between camera and object occurs. An approach for velocity detection based on motion blurred images has been implemented by the Radon transformation. The motion blur parameters are first estimated from the acquired images by using Radon transformation and then used to detect the speed of the moving object in the scene. Here established a link between the motion blur information of a 2D image and camera manufacturer’s data sheet and its calibration
Relationship between Remittance and Economic Growth in Nepal
Authors: Kaphle Raghu Raj
Published: July 2019

For the period between 1976 and 2017, this study investigates the relation from remittances and trade to economic growth. Study applied time series econometric techniques; unit root, cointegration and error correction mechanism to examine long-run and short-run association between dependent and independent variables. Outcome confirms a long-run relationship between remittance, trade and economic growth. However, no short-run causal relationship exists between remittances and economic growth, but trade showed significant influence even in the short run in GDP for the period of analysis. The paper also discusses about the effective utilization of remittances. It is hoped that the study would be helpful to government and policy makers for domestic policy formation in the area of utilization of remittances and management of migration from Nepal.
Prevalence and the frequency of psychoactive substance consumption of youth in educational institutions – differences with regards to the type
of institution and knowledge about psychoactive substances
Authors: Ricijaš Neven , Kranželić Valentina , Leskovar Lorena
Published: July 2019

Studies confirm that adolescents experiment with the use of psychoactive substances during their growth. The main motivational processes are related to their desire to behave in accordance with social norms, an identity of individuality, to escape from discomfort and self-regulation. Attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge about psychoactive substances have been linked with substance use behaviour, but showed weak to moderate correlation. The main goal of this study was to gain insight into the frequency of psychoactive substances consumption of young men with behavioural problems placed in educational institutions, while the specific objectives were to explore the differences in the frequency of substance use with regard to the type of institution as well as the level of knowledge about psychoactive substances A total of N=74 young men placed in the justice system institutions (39.2%) and social welfare institutions (60.8%) participated in the study. The age of the participants ranges from 14 to 21 years of age (Mage=16.90, SDage=1,627). In addition to general socio-demographic data, the instrument measured knowledge about psychoactive substances, as well as the lifetime and past-year prevalence and the frequency of consumption. The results show a somewhat more frequent psychoactive substances use among young men institutionalized within the justice system, but also among participants with a higher level of knowledge of psychoactive substances. It is important to emphasize that the effects of differences are low to moderate. The results are interpreted in the context of other domestic and foreign prevalence studies and within the perspective of the importance of knowledge in creating interventions for young people in the area of the prevention of psychoactive substances use.
Effect of rhenium and cobalt additions on the microstructure and gamma prime phase stability of vacuum arc melted modified nickel-based superalloys grade MGA 1400
Authors: Nararak Arpaporn , Wangyao Panyawat , Rojhirunsakool Tanaporn , Lothongkum Gobboon
Published: July 2019

The effect of rhenium and cobalt additions on the microstructure and gamma prime phase stability of modified nickel-based superalloy, grade MGA1400 by means of a vacuum arc melting method with different contents of rhenium (Re) and cobalt (Co) was investigated. After being subjected to heat treatment, the size of the gamma prime particles was slightly reduced with increasing rhenium content. Then, the alloys were exposed at a temperature of 1173 K for 1800 ks. The results showed that increasing the rhenium addition leads to a slower coarsening rate of the gamma prime particles. Furthermore, the shape of the gamma prime particles changed to a more cubic shape. However, an excessive rhenium content (>1.21 wt.-%) promotes the formation of a topologically close-packed phase after a 360 ks exposure at 1173 K. It can be concluded that an increase in rhenium content can result in a lower coarsening rate of the gamma prime particles. The cobalt addition is beneficial for impeding or slowing the precipitation of topologically close-packed phases at an elevated temperature.
Effect of fillers on vinylester matrix composites
Authors: Topalömer Neslihan , Bekem Aylin , Keleşoğlu Ergün , Unal Ahmet
Published: July 2019

The cost of composite materials limits the use of these materials. For this reason, many studies have been done with composites to reduce costs. In this study, the filler effect on vinylester matrix composites was investigated in order to contribute to cost reduction. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3 were used as filler, and E-glass was used as reinforcement material. In addition, the filler ratio, which was added to the structure, was 5 wt.-%,10 wt.-% and 15 wt.-%. The production method was vacuum infusion, and the manufacturing of the composite plates completed. A tensile test, bending test, hardness test and ash test were performed on the samples. Also, microstructural images were examined by scanning electron microscope. Finally, it was found that 15 wt.-% CaCO3 filler increased hardness considerablely. Tensile properties and flexural strength properties did not change dramatically with the addition of filler. Moreover, the addition of filler decreases the cost of the composite. Thus, when we compare the cost effectiveness of fillers, CaCO3 filler on a vinylester matrix composite is advantageous for decreasing cost.
THE CHOICE GROUND OF DOWNHOLE STREAM PUMP GEOMETRICAL SIZES
Authors: Panevnyk O.
Published: July 2019

The method of choosing geometric parameters of the well hole pump which ensures its operation in the mode of maximum efficiency is proposed. According to the algorithm developed, the ratio of the diameters of the working nozzle, the mixing chamber and the diffuser of the jet pump, as well as the distance between the nozzle and the speed equalization chamber and the axial dimensions of the flow part elements are regulated.
During the process of establishing the required dimensions of the elements of the ejection system, the nature of the free working jet into the mixing chamber of the jet pump is taken into account, which determines the shape and structure of the estimated ratios governing the axial distance between the working nozzle and the resuscitation chamber of the mixing streams. The relationship between the mixing chamber diameters and the working nozzle and the amount of the jet pump coefficient of ejection which ensures its operation with the maximum possible values of the ejection system efficiency is shown. The analytical nature of the establishment of hydraulic interconnections among the elements of the ejection system is complemented by the experience of the practical use of deep jet pumps in the implementation of certain technological processes of construction, operation and repair of oil wells.
REFLEXOS DA GESTÃO ORGANIZACIONAL NOS INCENTIVOS FISCAIS DE INOVAÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA
Authors: Zonatto Vinícius Costa da Silva , Lanser Júlia , Magro Cristian Baú Dal , Bianchi Márcia , Marquezan Luiz Henrique Figueira
Published: July 2019

Este estudo investiga os reflexos da gestão organizacional na utilização dos incentivos fiscais de inovação tecnológica (Lei nº 11.196/2005). Pesquisa descritiva foi realizada por meio de estudo de múltiplos casos e abordagem qualitativa dos dados. A amostra da pesquisa foi constituída de sete empresas do ramo industrial e de prestação de serviços que utilizaram a Lei do Bem. Os resultados revelam que as empresas atribuem elevada importância para a legislação que retrata incentivos para investimentos de pesquisa e desenvolvimento em inovação tecnológica, e a viabilização de novos projetos de pesquisa para o desenvolvimento de processos, serviços e produtos. Concluiu-se que os benefícios estão relacionados a redução dos custos operacionais, aumento nos investimentos em pesquisa e desenvolvimento, melhoria na competitividade das empresas, incremento no desempenho organizacional e na geração de oportunidades de trabalho. Por outro lado, os achados indicam que há dificuldades quanto aos níveis de conhecimento e comprometimento dos profissionais das áreas de contabilidade e projetos para a execução e aproveitamento dos benefícios oriundos da Lei nº 11.196/2005.
La dématérialisation de la commande publique à la ville de Lyon
Authors: Galliano Denis
Published: July 2019

Bien que la dématérialisation de la commande publique soit planifiée depuis 2016, les derniers éléments techniques permettant sa mise en oeuvre n’ont été disponibles que fin 2017, rendant difficile l’intégration au sein d’une structure importante comme la ville de Lyon où la commande publique est décentralisée. Les nombreuses facettes de cette dématérialisation nécessitent des adaptations techniques des outils, avec un impact non négligeable sur l’organisation interne. La dématérialisation, gage de meilleure traçabilité, donc de sécurité juridique, ne peut réussir que si tous les acteurs mettent en oeuvre des logiques d’interopérabilité entre des outils de plus en plus spécialisés.
Association of single and multiple aneurysms with tobacco abuse: an @neurIST risk analysis
Authors: Schatlo Bawarjan , Gautschi Oliver P. , Friedrich Christoph M. , Ebeling Christian , Jägersberg Max , Kulscar Zsolt , Pereira Vitor Mendes , Schaller Karl , Bijlenga Philippe
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE

Although several studies have suggested that the incidence of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) is higher in smokers, the higher prevalence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in smokers remains uncertain. It is unclear whether smoking additionally contributes to the formation of multiple aneurysms and the risk of rupture. The aim of this study was to determine whether smoking is associated with IA formation, multiplicity, or rupture.

METHODS

Patients from the prospective multicenter @neurIST database (n = 1410; 985 females [69.9%]) were reviewed for the presence of SAH, multiple aneurysms, and smoking status. The prevalence of smokers in the population of patients diagnosed with at least one IA was compared with that of smokers in the general population.

RESULTS

The proportion of smokers was higher in patients with IAs (56.2%) than in the reference population (51.4%; p < 0.001). A significant association of smoking with the presence of an IA was found throughout group comparisons (p = 0.01). The presence of multiple IAs was also significantly associated with smoking (p = 0.003). A trend was found between duration of smoking and the presence of multiple IAs (p = 0.057). However, the proportion of smokers among patients suffering SAH was similar to that of smokers among patients diagnosed with unruptured IAs (p = 0.48).

CONCLUSIONS

Smoking is strongly associated with IA formation. Once an IA is present, however, smoking does not appear to increase the risk of rupture compared with IAs in the nonsmoking population. The trend toward an association between duration of smoking and the presence of multiple IAs stresses the need for counseling patients with IAs regarding lifestyle modification.
Shear stress and aneurysms: a review
Authors: Staarmann Brittany , Smith Matthew , Prestigiacomo Charles J.
Published: July 2019

Wall shear stress, the frictional force of blood flow tangential to an artery lumen, has been demonstrated in multiple studies to influence aneurysm formation and risk of rupture. In this article, the authors review the ways in which shear stress may influence aneurysm growth and rupture through changes in the vessel wall endothelial cells, smooth-muscle cells, and surrounding adventitia, and they discuss shear stress–induced pathways through which these changes occur.
Role of pregnancy and female sex steroids on aneurysm formation, growth, and rupture: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Desai Milli , Wali Arvin R. , Birk Harjus S. , Santiago-Dieppa David R. , Khalessi Alexander A.
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE

Women have been shown to have a higher risk of cerebral aneurysm formation, growth, and rupture than men. The authors present a review of the recently published neurosurgical literature that studies the role of pregnancy and female sex steroids, to provide a conceptual framework with which to understand the various risk factors associated with cerebral aneurysms in women at different stages in their lives.

METHODS

The PubMed database was searched for “(“intracranial” OR “cerebral”) AND “aneurysm” AND (“pregnancy” OR “estrogen” OR “progesterone”)” between January 1980 and February 2019. A total of 392 articles were initially identified, and after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 papers were selected for review and analysis. These papers were then divided into two categories: 1) epidemiological studies about the formation, growth, rupture, and management of cerebral aneurysms in pregnancy; and 2) investigations on female sex steroids and cerebral aneurysms (animal studies and epidemiological studies).

RESULTS

The 20 articles presented in this study include 7 epidemiological articles on pregnancy and cerebral aneurysms, 3 articles reporting case series of cerebral aneurysms treated by endovascular therapies in pregnancy, 3 epidemiological articles reporting the relationship between female sex steroids and cerebral aneurysms through retrospective case-control studies, and 7 experimental studies using animal and/or cell models to understand the relationship between female sex steroids and cerebral aneurysms. The studies in this review report similar risk of aneurysm rupture in pregnant women compared to the general population. Most ruptured aneurysms in pregnancy occur during the 3rd trimester, and most pregnant women who present with cerebral aneurysm have caesarean section deliveries. Endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms in pregnancy is shown to provide a new and safe form of therapy for these cases. Epidemiological studies of postmenopausal women show that estrogen hormone therapy and later age at menopause are associated with a lower risk of cerebral aneurysm than in matched controls. Experimental studies in animal models corroborate this epidemiological finding; estrogen deficiency causes endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, which may predispose to the formation and rupture of cerebral aneurysms, while exogenous estrogen treatment in this population may lower this risk.

CONCLUSIONS

The aim of this work is to equip the neurosurgical and obstetrical/gynecological readership with the tools to better understand, critique, and apply findings from research on sex differences in cerebral aneurysms.
Vessel wall enhancement of intracranial aneurysms: fact or artifact?
Authors: Cornelissen Bart M. W. , Leemans Eva L. , Slump Cornelis H. , Marquering Henk A. , Majoie Charles B. L. M. , van den Berg René
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE

For patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and multiple intracranial aneurysms, it is often challenging to identify the ruptured aneurysm. Some investigators have asserted that vessel wall imaging (VWI) can be used to identify the ruptured aneurysm since wall enhancement after contrast agent injection is presumably related to inflammation in unstable and ruptured aneurysms. The aim of this study was to determine whether additional factors contribute to aneurysm wall enhancement by assessing imaging data in a series of patients.

METHODS

Patients with symptoms of SAH who subsequently underwent VWI in the period between January 2017 and September 2018 were eligible for study inclusion. Three-dimensional turbo spin-echo sequences with motion-sensitized driven-equilibrium preparation pulses were acquired using a 3-T MRI scanner to visualize the aneurysm wall. Identification of the ruptured aneurysm was based on aneurysm characteristics and hemorrhage distributions on MRI. Complementary imaging data (CT, DSA, MRI) were used to assess potential underlying enhancement mechanisms. Additionally, aneurysm luminal diameter measurements on MRA were compared with those on contrast-enhanced VWI to assess the intraluminal contribution to aneurysm enhancement.

RESULTS

Six patients with 14 aneurysms were included in this series. The mean aneurysm size was 5.8 mm (range 1.1–16.9 mm). A total of 10 aneurysms showed enhancement on VWI; 5 ruptured aneurysms showed enhancement, and 1 unruptured but symptomatic aneurysm showed enhancement on VWI and ruptured 1 day later. Four unruptured aneurysms showed enhancement. In 6 (60%) of the 10 enhanced aneurysms, intraluminal diameters appeared notably smaller (≥ 0.8 mm smaller) on contrast-enhanced VWI compared to their appearance on multiple overlapping thin slab acquisition time of flight (MOTSA-TOF) MRA and/or precontrast VWI, suggesting that enhancement was at least partially in the aneurysm lumen itself.

CONCLUSIONS

Several factors other than the hypothesized inflammatory response contribute to aneurysm wall enhancement. In 60% of the cases in this study, enhancement was at least partially caused by slow intraaneurysmal flow, leading to pseudo-enhancement of the aneurysm wall. Notwithstanding, there seems to be clinical value in differentiating ruptured from unruptured aneurysms using VWI, but the hypothesis that we image the inflammatory cell infiltration in the aneurysm wall is not yet confirmed.
Clinical relevance of short-term follow-up of unruptured intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Molenberg Rob , Aalbers Marlien W. , Metzemaekers Jan D. M. , Mazuri Aryan , Luijckx Gert-Jan , Groen Rob J. M. , Uyttenboogaart Maarten , van Dijk J. Marc C.
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE

Unruptured intracranial aneurysms are common incidental findings on brain imaging. Short-term follow-up for conservatively treated aneurysms is routinely performed in most cerebrovascular centers, although its clinical relevance remains unclear. In this study, the authors assessed the extent of growth as well as the rupture risk during short-term follow-up of conservatively treated unruptured intracranial aneurysms. In addition, the influence of patient-specific and aneurysm-specific factors on growth and rupture risk was investigated.

METHODS

The authors queried their prospective institutional neurovascular registry to identify patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms and short-term follow-up imaging, defined as follow-up MRA and/or CTA within 3 months to 2 years after initial diagnosis. Medical records and questionnaires were used to acquire baseline information. The authors measured aneurysm size at baseline and at follow-up to detect growth. Rupture was defined as a CT scan–proven and/or CSF-proven subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

RESULTS

A total of 206 consecutive patients with 267 conservatively managed unruptured aneurysms underwent short-term follow-up at the authors’ center. Seven aneurysms (2.6%) enlarged during a median follow-up duration of 1 year (range 0.3–2.0 years). One aneurysm (0.4%) ruptured 10 months after initial discovery. Statistically significant risk factors for growth or rupture were autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (RR 8.3, 95% CI 2.0–34.7), aspect ratio > 1.6 or size ratio > 3 (RR 10.8, 95% CI 2.2–52.2), and initial size ≥ 7 mm (RR 10.7, 95% CI 2.7–42.8).

CONCLUSIONS

Significant growth of unruptured intracranial aneurysms may occur in a small proportion of patients during short-term follow-up. As aneurysm growth is associated with an increased risk of rupture, the authors advocate that short-term follow-up is clinically relevant and has an important role in reducing the risk of a potential SAH.
State of the union: a review of lumbar fusion indications and techniques for degenerative spine disease
Authors: Reid Patrick C. , Morr Simon , Kaiser Michael G.
Published: July 2019

Lumbar fusion is an accepted and effective technique for the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease. The practice has evolved continually since Albee and Hibbs independently reported the first cases in 1913, and advancements in both technique and patient selection continue through the present day. Clinical and radiological indications for surgery have been tested in trials, and other diagnostic modalities have developed and been studied. Fusion practices have also advanced; instrumentation, surgical approaches, biologics, and more recently, operative planning, have undergone stark changes at a seemingly increasing pace over the last decade. As the general population ages, treatment of degenerative lumbar disease will become a more prevalent—and costlier—issue for surgeons as well as the healthcare system overall. This review will cover the evolution of indications and techniques for fusion in degenerative lumbar disease, with emphasis on the evidence for current practices.
Flow-induced, inflammation-mediated arterial wall remodeling in the formation and progression of intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Frösen Juhana , Cebral Juan , Robertson Anne M. , Aoki Tomohiro
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE

Unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) are relatively common lesions that may cause devastating intracranial hemorrhage, thus producing considerable suffering and anxiety in those affected by the disease or an increased likelihood of developing it. Advances in the knowledge of the pathobiology behind intracranial aneurysm (IA) formation, progression, and rupture have led to preclinical testing of drug therapies that would prevent IA formation or progression. In parallel, novel biologically based diagnostic tools to estimate rupture risk are approaching clinical use. Arterial wall remodeling, triggered by flow and intramural stresses and mediated by inflammation, is relevant to both.

METHODS

This review discusses the basis of flow-driven vessel remodeling and translates that knowledge to the observations made on the mechanisms of IA initiation and progression on studies using animal models of induced IA formation, study of human IA tissue samples, and study of patient-derived computational fluid dynamics models.

RESULTS

Blood flow conditions leading to high wall shear stress (WSS) activate proinflammatory signaling in endothelial cells that recruits macrophages to the site exposed to high WSS, especially through macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1). This macrophage infiltration leads to protease expression, which disrupts the internal elastic lamina and collagen matrix, leading to focal outward bulging of the wall and IA initiation. For the IA to grow, collagen remodeling and smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation are essential, because the fact that collagen does not distend much prevents the passive dilation of a focal weakness to a sizable IA. Chronic macrophage infiltration of the IA wall promotes this SMC-mediated growth and is a potential target for drug therapy. Once the IA wall grows, it is subjected to changes in wall tension and flow conditions as a result of the change in geometry and has to remodel accordingly to avoid rupture. Flow affects this remodeling process.

CONCLUSIONS

Flow triggers an inflammatory reaction that predisposes the arterial wall to IA initiation and growth and affects the associated remodeling of the UIA wall. This chronic inflammation is a putative target for drug therapy that would stabilize UIAs or prevent UIA formation. Moreover, once this coupling between IA wall remodeling and flow is understood, data from patient-specific flow models can be gathered as part of the diagnostic workup and utilized to improve risk assessment for UIA initiation, progression, and eventual rupture.
PENERAPAN PIDANA TERHADAP ANGGOTA POLRI YANG MELAKUKAN TINDAK PIDANA PENCURIAN DENGAN KEKERASAN MENGGUNAKAN SENJATA API (Studi Putusan Nomor : 42/Pid.B/2016/PN.Swl dan Putusan Nomor : 43/Pid.B/2016/PN.Swl)
Authors: Hendro Bevi , Faniyah Iyah , Wibowo Adhi
Published: July 2019

Based on Article 363 paragraph (1) of the 4th Criminal Code, people who commit theft carried out by 2 persons together or more are threatened with a maximum imprisonment of 7 years. Therefore the Case of Crime of Theft with Violence using Firearms based on Decision Number: 42 / Pid.B / 2016 / PN.Swl and Decision Number: 43 / Pid.B / 2016 / PN. 1 (one) year and 10 (ten) months, charge the Defendant to pay a court fee of Rp. 5,000.00 (five thousand rupiah) and pay attention to Article 365 paragraph (2) of the 2nd Book of the Criminal Law. The specification of this research is descriptive analytical. While the approach method used is normative juridical. The data source used is secondary data. The data obtained were analyzed qualitatively and presented descriptively analytically. Based on the results of research and discussion, it can be concluded; First, the application of a criminal against a member of the National Police who commits a crime of theft with violence using firearms in the decision number: 42 / Pid.B / 2016 / PN.Swl and Decision Number: 43 / Pid.B / 2016 / PN.Swl are: Article 365 paragraph (2) of the 2nd Criminal Code, namely: "A maximum sentence of twelve years imprisonment, is imposed, (2nd) if the act is carried out by two people together or more", with the elements of criminal charges of the Prosecutor General, namely: Whose element of goods; Take something; Elements that are entirely or partially owned by others; Elements With the intention to be owned illegally; Elements That are carried out preceded by, accompanied by, or followed by violence or threats of violence, against a person with a view to preparing or facilitating theft, or in the event of being caught red-handed, to allow themselves to escape or other participants, or to retain possession of stolen property; Elements are carried out by 2 (two) people or more together. Secondly, the consideration of the judge in the application of the criminal to a member of the police who committed a crime of theft with violence using firearms in the decision Number: 42 / Pid.B / 2016 / PN.Swl and Decision Number: 43 / Pid.B / 2016 / PN. Swl are: juridical considerations: prosecutor's indictment, witness testimony, defendant's testimony, evidence. considerations that are non-juridical: the background of the defendant and the religion or belief held by the defendant, the physical and spiritual condition of the defendant, as a result of the defendant's actions
PENERAPAN PRINSIP LOCUS DELICTI DALAM PENYIDIKAN TINDAK PIDANA DI WILAYAH PERAIRAN (Studi Pada Direktorat Kepolisian Perairan Kepolisian Daerah Sumbar)
Authors: Chandra Renol
Published: July 2019

Article 73 of Law Number 45 of 2009 concerning Fisheries regulates the authority to investigate criminal acts in territorial waters by Aquatic Police Investigators. In the territorial waters there are so many criminal acts that occur where the crime scene (locus delicti) is in the territorial waters. To determine the place of occurrence of a crime is not easy, but determining the location of a crime case plays an important role for various problems in the criminal procedural law, namely concerning the interests of investigation and the relative competence of the court that will examine the case, as faced by Ditpolair Polda Sumbar in investigating fisheries
Gratitude and Alterity in Environmental Virtue Ethics
Authors: Wood Nathan
Published: July 2019

Rachel Carson begins her revolutionary book Silent Spring with a quote from E.B. White that reads ‘we would stand a better chance of survival if we accommodated ourselves to this planet and viewed it appreciatively’. While White's advice can account for an instrumental relationship towards nature, I believe that the more important relationship offered in his recommendation is one of appreciation or gratitude. But how are we to understand gratitude as appreciating Nature non-instrumentally when it has traditionally always been understood as a response to a benefit received? My motivation is to modify our traditional conception of gratitude alongside Simon Hailwood's account of the ‘Otherness of Nature’ to see how we can truly show gratitude for Nature rather than simply reflecting on how Nature serves human interests.
The Early History of Water Wars in Chile: Rivers, Ecological Disaster and Multinational Mining Companies
Authors: Klubock Thomas Miller
Published: July 2019

This article examines an early water war in Chile between local agriculturalists and the North American-owned El Teniente copper mine. It recovers a hitherto unknown history of ecological degradation caused by industrial copper mining during the twentieth century in Chile. It argues that contemporary water wars in Chile, usually viewed as a product of the privatisation of water rights in 1981 and the expansion of foreign investment in the mining sector during the 1990s, combined with the impact of global climate change, have roots in the appropriation of water in Andean rivers by North American companies at the beginning of the twentieth century. The article's thesis is that the Chilean state subsidised the mining industry by granting water rights and turning a blind eye to mining companies' contamination of rivers relied on by agriculturalists for irrigation. Finally, the article traces conservationist responses to the ecological crises produced by contamination of water and soil by the El Teniente mine, which was owned by the Kennecott Copper Company. It demonstrates that conservation of water resources was employed by estate owners as a means of asserting private property rights against the interests of mining companies.
Mateship with Nature: Nationalism and Conservation in the Writings of Alec Chisholm
Authors: McGregor Russell
Published: July 2019

Alec Chisholm (1890-1977) inspired generations of Australians to see nature anew. A prolific writer of popular works of natural history, he promoted a conservationist ethos. He also promoted an Australian nationalism that cherished the landscapes, flora and fauna of that country. This article explores the entwining of Chisholm's love of nature with his commitment to Australian nationalism. In doing so, it teases out some of the complexities and ambiguities that threaded through the evolution of a conservationist ethos in Australia in the middle decades of the twentieth century.
Revolution der Verwandtschaft. Beziehungsweisen in Heinrich von Kleists Die Verlobung in St. Domingo
Authors: Kappeler Florian
Published: July 2019

Wenn moderne Revolutionen wesentlich Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse betreffen, welche Fragen wirft dann die Haitianische Revolution als eine Selbstbefreiung von people of color von rassistischen und sexistischen Verhältnissen auf? Der Artikel geht diesem Problem anhand der Darstellung von Beziehungsweisen in Heinrich von Kleists Die Verlobung in St. Domingo (1811) nach. Narrative der Verwandtschaft werden hier anhand der Verlobung eines Mädchens aus einem revolutionären Haushalt mit einem aus der Schweiz stammenden Söldner der Konterrevolution sowie seiner patriarchalen Großfamilie präsentiert. Der Beitrag argumentiert in intersektionaler Perspektive, dass der revolutionäre Haushalt Tonis neue Verwandtschaftsformen etabliert, zugleich aber noch von den sexistischen und rassistischen Verhältnissen des Kolonialismus geprägt ist. Die Widersprüchlichkeit des Eherechts in der Übergangssituation des Jahres 1803 konterkariert den Versuch, eine neue Praxis interkultureller Verwandtschaftsformen zu begründen.
Homonormative und nationalistische Politiken des Fortschritts in Debatten um nicht-hegemoniale Familien und Verwandtschaft
Authors: Nay Yv E.
Published: July 2019

Dieser Beitrag untersucht, wie der Wandel familialer und verwandtschaftlicher Nähe- und Fürsorgeverhältnisse durch die Forderungen von Familien mit schwul, lesbisch, bisexuell, trans* und/oder genderqueer lebenden Eltern nach rechtlicher Anerkennung politisch diskutiert wird. Anhand einer diskurstheoretischen Analyse der Debatten im Schweizer Bundesparlament sowie ethnografischen Datenmaterials wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche Zeitlichkeiten in der polarisierten Auseinandersetzung um die Bedeutung des Phänomens ‚Regenbogenfamilien‘ und deren politischen Forderungen aufgerufen werden. Der Beitrag zeigt, wie die Erweiterung der rechtlichen Anerkennung von Familie durch homonormative und nationalistische Grenzen abgesichert wird und wie sich ambivalente Normalisierungsprozesse konstitutiv für Fortschrittspolitiken herausstellen.
Zwischen „bravem Mädchen“ und „gebildeter Dame“. Die Konstruktion von Weiblichkeit in den Büros der chemischen Industrie während des Ersten Weltkrieges
Authors: Horstmann Anna
Published: July 2019

Der Erste Weltkrieg wäre ohne die Unterstützung der Kriegsfront durch die weiblich geprägte Heimatfront und die dortige Rüstungsproduktion nicht zu führen gewesen. Gleichzeitig führte er jedoch zu einer erneuten Verfestigung der Geschlechtergrenzen. Dieses Spannungsverhältnis wird anhand einer qualitativen Mikrostudie am Beispiel des Chemieunternehmens „Th. Goldschmidt AG“ aus Essen analysiert. Im Vordergrund steht die Frage nach den sich neu eröffnenden Handlungsspielräumen für weibliche Büroangestellte durch den Ersten Weltkrieg sowie die Konstruktion von Geschlecht vor der Folie des Krieges im Kontext des Fallbeispiels. Der Erste Weltkrieg zeigt sich in der Analyse nicht als der Schrittmacher der Emanzipation, für den er in der Forschung lange gehalten wurde, er wirkte aber im Büro bei Goldschmidt für den Bereich der angestellten Frauen als Beschleuniger langfristiger Modernisierungsprozesse. Im Unternehmen erlangten weibliche Büroangestellte, bedingt durch die Zwangssituation des Krieges, durch Kompetenz, Leistung, Persönlichkeit und Führungsfähigkeit Anerkennung auch jenseits geschlechtlicher Zuschreibungen, sodass sich die Geschlechtergrenzen verschoben und Einstellungsmuster änderten.
Der ‚kritische‘ und ‚neoliberale‘ Vereinbarkeitsdiskurs in der Alltagskommunikation berufstätiger Mütter
Authors: Zimmermann Okka
Published: July 2019

In der Geschlechterforschung wird angeregt über den Zusammenhang von Feminismus, Neoliberalismus, demografischer Wende in der Familienpolitik und der sich verändernden Rolle von Müttern debattiert. Dieser Beitrag zielt darauf ab, die Art und das Ausmaß der Rezeption öffentlicher Diskurse um Vereinbarkeit herauszuarbeiten. Hiernach werden insbesondere hochqualifizierte Frauen durch wirkmächtige Leitbilder darauf verpflichtet, Karriere und Mutterschaft selbstständig zu vereinbaren, während die Kritik am asymmetrischen Geschlechterverhältnis weitgehend verstummt. In diesem Beitrag wird auf der empirischen Basis qualitativer Interviews analysiert, ob und wie sich der ‚kritische‘ oder ‚neoliberale‘ Vereinbarkeitsdiskurs in der Alltagskommunikation und in Vereinbarkeitsstrategien berufstätiger Mütter niederschlägt. Als zentrales Ergebnis ist festzustellen, dass diese sich weitgehend als ‚Familienmanagerinnen‘ sehen, die durch gute Planung, Struktur und Organisation Vereinbarkeit selbst herstellen. Der neoliberale mediale Vereinbarkeitsdiskurs wurde von ihnen damit weitestgehend übernommen und in Vereinbarkeitsstrategien umgesetzt, die durch individuelle Lösungen gekennzeichnet sind.