bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Clean Head and Neck Surgery: An Observational Retrospective Single-Centre Study
Authors: Chiesa-Estomba Carlos Miguel , Ninchritz Elizabeth , González-García Jose Angel , Larruscain-Sarasola Ekhiñe , Sistiaga-Suarez Jon Alexander , Altuna-Mariezcurrena Xabier
Published: May 2019

Introduction:

Surgical site infection (SSI) is a common complication in surgery. In head and neck surgeries, different rates are reported in the indexed literature. Nowadays, this indiscriminate use of antibiotics is associated with increased cost and risks for patients. Antimicrobial misuse has also contributed to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Patients and Methods:

A total of 204 patients were included in this observational retrospective cohort study. The primary outcome of this study was to describe the rate of SSI. Wound infection was considered as SSI and was defined as any cellulitis or pus drainage requiring treatment with antibiotics.

Results:

Of all, 127 were included in group A (not antibiotic) and 77 in group B (antibiotic prophylaxis); 109 (53.5%) patients were male, and 97 (47.5%) were female. Four (3.14%) patients developed SSI in group A and 3 (3,89%) developed SSI in group B, being not statistically significant ( P = .592). In group A, 2 patients suffered SSI after a submandibular gland resection (SGR), 1 patient after a parotid gland resection (PGR), and another one after a branchial cleft cyst resection. In group B, 1 patient suffered SSI after an SGR and 2 after a PGR. On univariate and multivariate analyses, we did not find any variable associated with the development of SSI.

Conclusion:

According to our results, the prophylactic antibiotic in clean, benign head and neck surgery is not necessary. Nevertheless, physicians and surgeons should be aware that severe or even fatal SSIs might be developed, and it needs to be explained to our patient before any surgery.
Simultaneous Bilateral Same-Day Endoscopic Myringoplasty Using Tragal Cartilage From One Ear
Authors: Deniz Baklaci , Ihsan Kuzucu , Ismail Guler , Oguzhan Kum Rauf , Muge Ozcan
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study is to investigate the outcomes of bilateral same-day endoscopic myringoplasty using tragal cartilage from one ear in patients with bilateral chronic otitis media. In this retrospective study, medical records of 62 (84 ears) patients aged between 18 and 65 years who underwent endoscopic myringoplasty at our center between January 2015 and December 2017 were evaluated. Patients were classified into 2 groups according to surgical procedure they received: unilateral myringoplasty (group 1) and bilateral same-day myringoplasty (group 2). The comparisons were made between groups in terms of anatomical graft success and functional outcomes. There were 40 patients in the unilateral group (group 1) and 22 patients in the bilateral same-day group (group 2). The graft success rates were 92.5% and 93.2% for groups 1 and 2, respectively ( P = .904). The mean preoperative air–bone gaps (ABGs) were 21.1 ± 7.1 and 20.5 ± 6.7 dB, respectively, whereas the mean postoperative ABGs were 8.1 ± 2.7 dB and 7.9 ± 3.0 dB, respectively. The difference between pre- and postoperative ABGs for the entire group was statistically significant ( P < .001). Mean hearing gain was 12.5 ± 11.0 dB and 15.6 ± 10.1 dB in groups 1 and 2, respectively, ( P = .183). Postoperative ABG was ≤10 dB in 33 (82.5%) and 36 (81.8%) ears in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The functional success rates were similar in both groups ( P = .582). The average lengths of operation time were 61.6 ± 12.5 minutes and 110.1 ± 25.2 minutes for groups 1 and 2, respectively. Bilateral same-day endoscopic myringoplasty using tragal cartilage from one ear seems to be a safe and satisfactory procedure with a good satisfactory success rate.
Family Structure Change Among Latinos: Variation by Ecologic Risk
Authors: Cabrera Natasha J. , Karberg Elizabeth , Fagan Jay
Published: May 2019

We examined differences in family structure change in an urban sample of mothers ( N = 1,314) from their child’s birth to age 5 and whether ecological risk moderated this association. We found that compared with U.S.-born Latino mothers, foreign-born Latino mothers were 62% less likely to break up and 75% less likely to repartner than remain stably resident. Across nativity status, Latina mothers with fewer children, more economic stress, less income, and less frequently reported father involvement were more likely to break up and repartner than remain stably resident. We found no moderation effects of ecological risk.
Candy-plug technique for ruptured chronic type B aortic dissection
Authors: Morisaki Akimasa , Sohgawa Etsuji , Kishimoto Noriaki , Yamane Kokoro , Shibata Toshihiko
Published: May 2019

Ruptured chronic type B aortic dissection is conventionally repaired surgically; however, the mortality is high. We report successful use of the candy-plug technique for ruptured chronic type B aortic dissection. A 62-year-old man with ruptured type IIIb dissection was transferred to our hospital as an emergency. Computed tomography angiography showed a dissecting aorta with a patent false lumen, ruptured proximal descending aorta, distal aortic arch entry, and mediastinal hematoma. Debranching endovascular repair with the candy-plug technique achieved occlusion of the false lumen of the ruptured aortic dissection. The patient recovered uneventfully and the false lumen gradually decreased with no endoleak.
Dramatherapy in a nursing home: Exploring resonances between sensory experience and embodied interaction in people with dementia through the use of fairy tales
Authors: Scott Beatrice
Published: May 2019

This small-scale research study explores resonances engendered by sensory experience in people with dementia and discusses the key role interaction plays in their care. It was inspired by a spontaneous interaction from a client with severe dementia. Parlett and Deardon’s qualitative methodology of illuminative evaluation was employed within a structure delineated by Meekums and Payne and Grainger with the aim of developing understanding of the use of Dramatherapy in this context. The Dramatherapist assumed the role of practitioner-researcher within a person-centred paradigm. An eclectic redevelopmental model of Dramatherapy using fairy tales and song was underpinned by Jennings’s model of embodiment, projection and role (EPR) with the aim of supporting the well-being of the clients through creating interactive opportunities. Key findings showed that Dramatherapy methods enabled interaction contained in a model of practice that held meaning for the clients. Sensory experiences brought aspects of self into embodied being and a more positive state was noted after the sessions by the carers which, in some, had a lasting effect. Data were gathered from fieldwork during 12 session of 60 minutes held over 6 months with three residents at any one time and included verbal feedback from the clients, verbal and written feedback from the nursing home and questionnaires to participants attending a Continuing Professional Development (CPD) day where the Dramatherapist presented preliminary findings. The study shows there is room for this theme to be developed in Dramatherapy practice and research with this marginalised population.
Multi-objective optimization of the operation and maintenance assets of an offshore wind farm using genetic algorithms
Authors: Rinaldi Giovanni , Pillai Ajit C , Thies Philipp R , Johanning Lars
Published: May 2019

This article explores the use of genetic algorithms to optimize the operation and maintenance assets of an offshore wind farm. Three different methods are implemented in order to demonstrate the approach. The optimization problem simultaneously considers both the reliability characteristics of the offshore wind turbines and the composition of the maintenance fleet, seeking to identify the optimal configurations for the strategic assets. These are evaluated in order to minimize the operating costs of the offshore farm while maximizing both its reliability and availability. The considerations used for the application of genetic algorithms as an effective way to support the assets management are described, and a case study to show the applicability of the approach is presented. The variation of the economic performance indicators as a consequence of the optimization procedure is discussed, and the implementation of this method in a wider computational framework for the operation and maintenance assets improvement is introduced.
Development and performance testing of a small, multi-bladed wind turbine
Authors: Sant Tonio , Farrugia Robert N , Muscat Martin , Caruana Cedric , Axisa Redeemer , Borg Albert , Cassar Cecille M , Cassar Josianne , Cordina Christian , Farrugia Adrian , Schembri Steven
Published: May 2019

This article presents selected results from the development process of a small, prototype multi-bladed wind turbine designed to replace the American western-style, wind-driven water pumps still encountered in the Maltese rural landscape. The main focus of this article is on the rotor design, fabrication and system assembly, as well as on the results of the first open field tests. While the new design proves that the new machine is capable of aesthetically representing the windmills of old, preliminary findings indicate that it is also capable of meeting its predicted performance characteristics in a satisfactory manner, albeit subject to the installation site’s specific wind climatology.
Modeling and dynamic response of double-feed induction generator and back-to-back converters in unbalanced grid voltage conditions
Authors: Mirzakhani Ali , Ghandehari Reza , Davari S Alireza
Published: May 2019

Double-feed induction generators are one of the most commonly used generators in wind power plants. Therefore, studying this type of generators in different grid conditions such as unbalanced grid voltage is of great importance. In this article, double-feed induction generators, in synchronous reference frame, and back-to-back converters are reviewed and modeled. The advantage of this model, compared with previous ones, is that it can be used in unbalanced grid voltage conditions. Hence, different parts of the generator in synchronous positive reference frame are studied and governing equations in such conditions are analyzed. Stator output power, rotor side converters, grid side converters, and electromagnetic torque, mentioned in the model, are analyzed, as well. The model is also applied in balanced conditions. Therefore, the model proposed in this article is perfect for analyzing wind turbine-based power plants with double-feed induction generators. The accuracy of the suggested function was confirmed through simulation.
Psychosocial and Behavioral Correlates of Internalized Homonegativity in Midlife and Older Gay and Bisexual Men
Authors: Jacobs Robin J. , Kane Michael , Sklar Elliot M.
Published: May 2019

This study investigated psychosocial and demographic variables that might influence internalized homonegativity (IH) in midlife and older gay and bisexual men (GBM). Data were collected from 802 community-dwelling GBM aged 40 to 94 years ( M = 54.8) through an anonymous questionnaire that assessed levels of IH, coping self-efficacy, self-silencing, and other characteristics. Multivariate logistic regression analysis successfully explained 22% of the variance in predicting IH, which was significantly related to coping self-efficacy, self-silencing, gay community volunteering, partnership status, and race, F = 59.74, p < .001. IH scores were highest in participants who were single, had lower education levels, were non-White, were less involved in gay community volunteering, experienced less coping self-efficacy, and reported higher levels of self-silencing behaviors. These data underscore the need for more tailored programming approaches for midlife and older GBM, focusing on underlying factors contributing to IH that include skill-building to increase coping self-efficacy, community involvement, and decrease self-silencing behaviors in this overlooked population.
Neighborhood Ethnic Composition and Perceived Discrimination Among Young Adult Latina/os: The Mediating Role of Ethnic Centrality
Authors: Camacho Gabriel , Allen Aerielle M. , Quinn Diane M.
Published: May 2019

This study examines whether neighborhood ethnic composition (i.e., percentage of Latina/os residing in a given residential community) predicts greater perceived experiences of ethnic discrimination and whether this direct effect is mediated by ethnic centrality (i.e., perceived importance of ethnicity for one’s identity). In a cross-sectional study, 237 self-identified young adult Latina/os reported their five-digit zip codes and sociodemographic information and completed measures of ethnic centrality and perceived ethnic discrimination. A mediation analysis revealed that neighborhood ethnic composition indirectly predicted perceived ethnic discrimination through its effect on ethnic centrality even when accounting for known sociodemographic predictors of perceived discrimination, b = 0.28, SE = .18, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [0.03, 0.71]. These results provide initial evidence that where young adult Latina/os live and grow up impacts the extent to which they find their ethnicity to be an essential part of their identity and, consequently, their perceived frequency of experiencing ethnic discrimination.
Temporomandibular Joint Reconstruction With Simultaneous Deep-Plane Rhytidectomy: A Case Report
Authors: Tamim Ahmed , Shirley Brett
Published: May 2019

This article covers a case report about approaching the mandible for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) reconstruction with simultaneous deep-plane rhytidectomy. Different methods have been used by surgeons to access the condylar neck with a focus on post-op cosmetic results. TMJ reconstruction surgeries have positive predicable results in most patients. However, facial scarring has always been a major drawback of the procedure. In our hospital, a patient presents with a stage 5 degenerative disease of the TMJ bilaterally and needed joint reconstruction. A deep-plane rhytidectomy was performed simultaneously, serving the purpose of accessing the joint for reconstruction, and not only minimizing post-op scarring but also providing the patient with a satisfactory cosmetic outcome. Deep-plane rhytidectomy can be used to access the condyle for TMJ reconstruction surgery. It provides patients, especially those with advanced age, with better aesthetics, which may be helpful in convincing patients to undergo surgery, and may also result in an overall positive post-op experience.
Neurodevelopmental Risk: A Tool to Enhance Conversations With Families of Infants
Authors: Lemmon Monica E. , Huffstetler Hanna E. , Donohue Pamela , Katz Madelaine , Barks Mary C. , Schindler Emma , Brandon Debra , Boss Renee D. , Ubel Peter A.
Published: May 2019

Parents of infants at risk of neurodevelopmental impairment require clear and individualized information about what to expect for their child, yet data suggest they have difficulty knowing how to ask for this information. Here, we pilot a Question Prompt List (QPL) with parents of infants at risk of neurodevelopmental impairment. To assess real-time use of the QPL, we recorded family meetings and collected data from parents and clinicians about the QPL experience. Qualitative data were analyzed using directed content analysis. Ten parents were enrolled. In family meetings, clinicians universally acknowledged the QPL and most used the QPL to guide meeting content. All parents who used the QPL found it useful and would recommend the tool to others. In interviews, parents described that the QPL offered novel questions and facilitated more prepared answers from the team. Future studies should test the impact of this QPL on parent understanding and communication quality.
Encephalopathy Associated With Neurochondrin Autoantibodies
Authors: Schumacher Myriam , Rommel Frank Risto , Arneth Borros , Renz Harald , Stöcker Winfried , Windhorst Anita , Hahn Andreas , Neubauer Bernd Axel
Published: May 2019

We determined the prevalence of autoantibodies against an extended number of established and novel neural antigens in children and adolescents with suspected autoimmune encephalitis, epilepsy, single seizures, or marked epileptiform activity in electroencephalography (EEG). Prospectively, 103 patients were recruited aged between 0 and 18 years and 104 controls. A panel of 35 autoantibodies against neural cell-surface and intracellular antigens was screened. Sixteen of 103 patients (15.5%) showed a positive result for 1 or more autoantibodies, compared to 6 of 104 controls (5.8%, P = .02). Neurochondrin was identified as a possible new target of autoantibodies in 3 patients within this cohort, but none in controls. The patients showed severe behavioral disturbances, memory and cognitive impairment, episodes of reduced responsiveness, but no seizures, and normal MRI. Clinical findings, course, and treatment response of these 3 patients are presented.
Clinicopathological Features, Risk Factors and Predispositions, and Response to Treatment of Eosinophilic Oral Disease in 24 Dogs (2000-2016)
Authors: Mendelsohn Danielle , Lewis John R. , Scott Kristin Iglesias , Brown Dorothy C. , Reiter Alexander M.
Published: May 2019

The objectives of this study were to retrospectively describe clinicopathological features of eosinophilic oral disease in dogs, to identify possible risk factors or predispositions to the condition, and to report overall treatment response. Canine medical records from a veterinary teaching hospital and private referral practice over a 17-year period were reviewed for a diagnosis of eosinophilic oral disease. Twenty-four dogs with 26 lesions met the inclusion criteria. Patient mean age and body weight were 6.8 (3.8) years and 13.4 kg, respectively. Fifteen breeds were represented including Cavalier King Charles spaniel (16.7%), Labrador retriever (12.5%), and West Highland white terrier (12.5%). Eosinophilic lesions were found in the palate (65.4%), tongue (26.9%), and other oral locations (7.7%). Median follow-up time was 5 months. Analysis revealed statistically significant associations between lesion location and body weight (palatal and tongue lesions were more likely in smaller dogs, whereas lesions in the other category [lip or mucosa] were more likely in larger dogs). There was a correlation in lesion location and resolution (all dogs with palatal lesions became asymptomatic at their last recheck), and resolution and the use of antibiotics plus prednisone (greater likelihood of resolution without the use of this combination). Seventy percent of asymptomatic dogs resolved without medication or with allergen therapy alone, suggesting that asymptomatic dogs may respond well to conservative management. No associations were found between lesion location and breed, signalment and response to therapy, lesion resolution and the use of glucocorticoids, or significance of peripheral eosinophilia.
Treatment of Canine Tooth Fractures in the Northern Elephant Seal (Mirounga angustirostris): Three Cases
Authors: Hodesson Deborah L. , Force Judy , Whoriskey Sophie , Field Cara
Published: May 2019

The Marine Mammal Center (TMMC) in Sausalito, California, rescues, rehabilitates, and releases hundreds of stranded northern elephant seals ( Mirounga angustirostris) each year. Common causes for stranding include maternal separation, malnutrition, and trauma. Causes of trauma include shark bites, conspecific interactions, and anthropogenic factors. Several cases of fractured teeth, secondary to presumed trauma, are presented to the center each year. This case series describes surgical approach and treatment of 3 young northern elephant seals that were admitted to TMMC for rehabilitation with tooth fractures with pulp exposure of maxillary or mandibular canine teeth. All 3 seals were successfully released into their natural environment.
Ultrasound-Guided Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in the Horse: Assessment of the Extraoral Approach in Cadavers
Authors: Johnson Jessica Purefoy , Peckham Robert Karl , Rowan Conor , Wolfe Alan , O’Leary John Mark
Published: May 2019

Blinded techniques to desensitize the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) include intraoral, angled, and vertical extraoral approaches with reported success rates of 100%, 73%, and 59%, respectively. It has not been determined whether an ultrasound-guided extraoral approach is feasible. Further, the fascicular nature of the inferior alveolar and lingual nerves of the horse has not been described. The objectives of this study were to describe a low-volume ultrasound-guided vertical extraoral inferior alveolar nerve block technique and to describe the fascicular nature of these nerves. An ultrasound-guided approach to the IAN was conducted with a microconvex transducer and an 18-G, 15-cm spinal needle using a solution containing iodinated-contrast and methylene blue dye. Accuracy was assessed by contrast visualized at the mandibular foramen on computed tomography (CT) and methylene blue dye staining of the nerves on gross dissection. Sections of inferior alveolar and lingual nerves were submitted for histological analysis. Assessment by CT and dissection determined success rates of 81.3% and 68.8%, respectively; 68.8% of injections had inadvertent methylene blue dye staining of the lingual nerve. Nerve histology revealed both the inferior alveolar and lingual nerves to be multifascicular in nature. Mean fascicle counts for the inferior alveolar and lingual nerves were 29 and 30.8, respectively. The technique is challenging and no more accurate than previously published blinded techniques. Any extraoral approach to the IAN is likely to also desensitize the lingual nerve.
A Retrospective Study of the Incidence and Management of Complications Associated With Regional Nerve Blocks in Equine Dental Patients
Authors: Tanner R. Brad , Hubbell John A. E.
Published: May 2019

Regional anesthesia of the equine head is commonly performed to allow oral extraction of diseased teeth in the standing horse. The use of 4 blocks (infraorbital nerve, maxillary nerve, mental nerve, and mandibular nerve) is well documented for desensitization of dental quadrants for oral surgery for exodontia, but descriptions of associated complications are limited. A total of 270 regional nerve blocks were performed on 162 equine patients in a second opinion referral hospital setting. Criteria for inclusion in the study included a 24-hour stay in hospital, that the blocks be performed by one clinician and at minimum, a 2-week follow-up examination be performed. A total of 8 complications were identified in 7 patients representing a 2.96% incidence of complication. Complications included supraorbital hematoma (3), local hematoma (2), lingual self-trauma (2), and nerve block failure to desensitize (1). Treatment and management of complications are discussed. Complications associated with regional anesthesia may be reduced by reducing anesthetic volumes, precise needle placement, familiarity with the facial anatomy relevant to nerve blocks, adequate restraint, aseptic technique, postprocedural muzzling, and the use of a newly opened bottle of local anesthetic.
Back to the Shop Floor: Behavioural Insights from Workplace Sociology
Authors: Pendleton Andrew , Lupton Ben , Rowe Andrew , Whittle Richard
Published: May 2019

This article compares insights into decision-making and behaviour developed by Kahneman and Tversky in behavioural economics with the main findings from studies of pay incentives in workplace sociology in the middle decades of the 20th century. The article shows how many of the insights offered by behavioural economists, such as loss aversion, were anticipated and considered by the workplace sociologists. It is argued that the sociological studies offer deeper and more convincing accounts of worker behaviour through a better understanding of the role of social structure, context, and social processes in framing and influencing action.
How Skill Requirements Affect the Likelihood of Recruitment of Older Workers in Poland: The Indirect Role of Age Stereotypes
Authors: Turek Konrad , Henkens Kène
Published: May 2019

This article analyses the role of age stereotypes in the employability of older people. Unlike in existing studies, we shift emphasis from a direct consideration of stereotypes, focusing instead on skill requirements during recruitment. Using five waves of an employer survey from Poland, we assess how the likelihood of recruiting people over 50 years old depends on the skill requirements of the post. This study uses a real-life framework by referring to existing vacancies and actual requirements that reflect labour demands at the scale of an entire national labour market. The results suggest that some requirements lead to age bias during recruitment, and the chances of an older candidate being hired are especially hindered in jobs requiring computer, physical, social, creative and training skills. By illustrating an indirect link between age stereotypes and age discrimination, this study contributes to an understanding of the mechanisms that reduce employability of older people.
Influence of ballast quantity on compression wavefront steepening in railway tunnels
Authors: Fukuda Takashi , Nakamura Shinya , Miyachi Tokuzo , Saito Sanetoshi , Kimura Nobuyuki , Matsunuma Masaaki
Published: May 2019

The impulsive pressure wave (micro-pressure wave) emitted from a tunnel portal is one of the environmental problems associated with high-speed railways. The principle underlying the countermeasures for this micro-pressure wave is to reduce the pressure gradient of the compression wavefront at the tunnel portal. This study investigated the influence of the ballast layer on the rate at which compression waves steepen in railway tunnels. Field measurements in an actual Shinkansen tunnel with slab tracks were recorded before and after installing ballast along most of the length of the tunnel. Previously published results on the spread of the compression wavefront in a ballasted track tunnel are also presented for comparison. A rapid method using an empirical equation is shown to accurately estimate the variation in the maximum pressure gradient of the compression wavefront in certain conditions. A more widely applicable estimation method using a numerical analysis is also demonstrated, which describes the distortion of the compression waveform. The results show that both of these methods can estimate the influence of the ballast quantity on mitigating the compression wavefront steepening in Shinkansen tunnels.
Aerodynamic interference test of quad tilt rotor aircraft in wind tunnel
Authors: Chen Kun , Shi Zhiwei , Tong Shengxiang , Dong Yizhang , Chen Jie
Published: May 2019

There is an obvious aerodynamic interference problem that occurs for a quad tilt rotor in near-ground hovering or in the conversion operating condition. This paper presents an aerodynamic interference test of the quad tilt rotor in a wind tunnel. A 1:35 scale model of the quad tilt rotor is used in this test. To substitute for the ground, a moveable platform is designed in a low-speed open-loop wind tunnel to simulate different flight altitudes of the quad tilt rotor in hovering or forward flight. A rod six-component force balance is used to measure the loads on the aircraft, and the flow field below the airframe is captured using particle image velocimetry. The experimental results show that the ground effect is significant when the hover height above the ground is less than the rotor diameter of the quad tilt rotor aircraft, and the maximum upload of the airframe is approximately 12% of the total vertical thrust with the appearance of obvious fountain flow. During the conversion operating condition, the upload of the airframe is reduced compared with that in the hovering state, which is affected by rotor wake and incoming flow. The aerodynamic interference test results of the quad tilt rotor aircraft have important reference value in power system selection, control system design, and carrying capacity improvement with the advantage of ground effect.
How does State-led decentralization affect workplace employment relations? The French case in a comparative perspective
Authors: Béthoux Élodie , Mias Arnaud
Published: May 2019

We examine the effects of State-led decentralization of collective bargaining on workplace employment relations. After exploring the development of company-level collective bargaining in France in the broader European context, we analyse intra-national variations in social dialogue practices across companies and workplaces, and propose a classification of four workplace clusters. As the decentralization process varies in its extent and in nature between types of workplace, we argue that the diversity of workplace practices is best explained by contrasting reactions to legal requirements. Nevertheless, these requirements have standardizing effects on certain bargaining practices, which might in turn lead to the impoverishment of the collective bargaining process.
Psychometric Properties of Jacelon’s Attributed Dignity Scale with Iranian Older People
Authors: Namjoo Shamsedin , Allahverdipour Hamid , Shaghaghi Abdolreza , Pakpour Amir H
Published: May 2019

Objective:

The main purpose of this study was the psychometric assessment of Jacelon’s Attributed Dignity Scale among Iranian older population.

Methods:

Using a standard “forward-backward” translation procedure, the original English version of Jacelon’s Attributed Dignity Scale was translated into Persian. Internal consistency of the scale was checked by the Cronbach’s α coefficient. Convergent validity of the instrument was appraised by the Social Skills Scale and General Health Questionnaire. Factor structure of the Iranian version of Jacelon’s Attributed Dignity Scale and possible interplay between its subscales were checked through recruiting a convenient sample of 300 Iranian older people and performing the confirmatory factor analysis.

Findings:

The estimated Cronbach’s α and intraclass correlation coefficients for the Iranian version of Jacelon’s Attributed Dignity Scale were in the vicinity of acceptable range, that is, 0.87 and 0.93, respectively. The output of confirmatory factor analysis revealed that a four-factor model best fitted the study data (χ2 = 323.49; df = 129; p < 0.001; comparative fit index = 0.913; Tucker–Lewis index = 0.901; root mean square error approximation = 0.074; standardized root mean square residual = 0.078). Rasch estimates of item difficulty ranged from –1.28 (less difficult) to 1.33 (more difficult). No significant cross-gender differences were observed regarding the Iranian version of Jacelon’s Attributed Dignity Scale’s items indicating its invariant psychometric properties for use in the Iranian men and women subgroups.

Ethical Considertaion:

This study was approved by the Ethics Committee at the Tabriz university of medical science. Informed consent, information confidentiality, and voluntary participation were guaranteed.

Conclusion:

The study findings were indicative of applicability of the Iranian version of Jacelon’s Attributed Dignity Scale as a reliable tool in measurement of the perceived social dignity among Iranian and probably other Persian-speaking older populations.
Deep Vein Thromboses in Injecting Drug Users: Meanings, Bodily Experiences, and Stigma
Authors: Cornford Charles , Fraser Lorraine , Wright Nat
Published: May 2019

Deep vein thromboses (DVTs) are common sequelae of injecting drugs into the groin. We explored meanings and experiences of DVTs in a group of 19 patients from the North East of England with a DVT and in treatment for opioid use. We report three themes: (a) DVT meaning making, (b) embodied experience, and (c) Stigma. Patients attributed DVTs to groin injecting, though thought other factors were also partially responsible. Medication performed both treatment and preventive functions. The most pertinent worry was amputation. Patients recognized stopping injecting as important, but it did not necessarily occur. Stigma resulted in delayed admission to hospital and feelings of isolation; support groups might alleviate the latter. Although groin injecting was undertaken partly to avoid the censure of being a drug user, ironically, a DVT led to long-standing stigmata that were discrediting signs of that exact status.
The Interpersonal Transaction Scales–8 (ITS-8): A Circumplex-Based, Behaviorally Anchored Instrument Based on the CLOIT-R
Authors: Sadler Pamela , Howard Ashley P. , Lizdek Ivana , Woody Erik
Published: May 2019

Using the Checklist of Interpersonal Transactions–Revised (CLOIT-R; Kiesler, 2004) as a basis, a new behaviorally anchored instrument was developed with a graded-response scale, simplified item wording, substantially fewer items, and improved consistency with the interpersonal circumplex. In a community sample (Study 1), the graded response format with simplified items showed improved octant-scale reliabilities, as well as circular structure and convergent validity comparable to the CLOIT-R. Items that performed consistently across community and undergraduate samples (Study 2) were then selected to produce an inventory with half as many items as the CLOIT-R, but with good octant-scale reliabilities and excellent circular structure. Finally, in a therapy context (Study 3), the new inventory showed excellent reliability and validity for ratings of both clients and therapists. This 48-item inventory, the Interpersonal Transaction Scales–8 (ITS-8), may be used for both self- and other-ratings in everyday interactions, as well as for observer ratings of therapeutic interactions.
Dynamics of Soluble Thrombomodulin and Circulating miRNAs in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation
Authors: Namino Fuminori , Yamakuchi Munekazu , Iriki Yasuhisa , Okui Hideki , Ichiki Hitoshi , Maenosono Ryuichi , Oketani Naoya , Masamoto Izumi , Miyata Masaaki , Horiuchi Masahisa , Hashiguchi Teruto , Ohishi Mitsuru , Maruyama Ikuro
Published: May 2019

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in the world and has a high risk of thromboembolism. The most effective approach, catheter ablation, requires evaluation by electrocardiography. The aim of our study was to investigate novel clinical markers that predict restoration of sinus rhythm (SR) after catheter ablation. Seventy-eight consecutive patients with AF underwent catheter ablation and were separated into 2 groups: restored SR and recurrent AF. The levels of 4 blood proteins (serum or plasma) and 3 mature microRNAs (miRNAs) and their primary miRNAs (pri-miRNAs) in serum were measured before and after ablation, and the associations between each parameter were analyzed statistically. Soluble thrombomodulin (s-TM) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels increased above baseline after ablation in both the restored SR (s-TM 11.55 [2.92] vs 13.75 [3.38], P < .001; PAI-1 25.74 [15.25] vs 37.79 [19.56], P < .001) and recurrent AF (s-TM 10.28 [2.78] vs 11.67 [3.37], P < .001; PAI-1 26.16 [15.70] vs 40.74 [22.55], P < .001) groups. Levels of C-reactive protein and asymmetric dimethylarginine were not significantly changed. Pri-miR-126 levels significantly decreased after ablation in the recurrent AF group, but the other miRNAs and pri-miRNAs did not. The measurement of s-TM and pri-miR-126 in blood was a useful tool to reflect the condition of AF patients with catheter ablation.
Effects of Sleep Extension on Inhibitory Control in Children With ADHD: A Pilot Study
Authors: Cremone-Caira Amanda , Root Helen , Harvey Elizabeth A. , McDermott Jennifer M. , Spencer Rebecca M. C.
Published: May 2019

Objective: Children with ADHD often have sleep complaints and cognitive deficits. The aim of this pilot study was to determine whether sleep extension improves inhibitory control, a primary cognitive deficit in ADHD. Method: Children with ( n = 11) and without ( n = 15) ADHD participated in a within-subject sleep extension intervention that targeted nocturnal sleep duration. Sleep was assessed with actigraphy and polysomnography. Inhibitory control was assessed with a Go/No-Go task. Results: For children without ADHD, there was a significant main effect of time, such that morning inhibitory control was 10% greater than evening inhibitory control. However, inhibitory control did not differ between the baseline and extension conditions in this group. For children with ADHD, although morning inhibitory control did not differ from evening inhibitory control, sleep extension improved inhibitory control by 13% overall. Conclusion: These results suggest that a sleep extension intervention improves inhibitory control in children with ADHD.
Patterns of Placental Injury in Congenital Anomalies in Second Half of Pregnancy
Authors: Stanek Jerzy
Published: May 2019

Background

Placental pathology in fetal congenital anomalies in second half of pregnancy is largely unknown.

Methods

Twenty-six clinical and 45 independent placental phenotypes from pregnancies ≥20 weeks of gestation with congenital anomalies divided into 4 groups were retrospectively compared with analysis of variance or χ 2 with 3 degrees of freedom and with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons: group 1 : 112 cases with heart malformations (with or without chromosomal anomalies), group 2 : 41 cases with abnormal karyotypes and anomalies other than heart malformations, group 3 : 87 cases with intrathoracic or intraabdominal mass-forming anomalies (mostly congenital diaphragmatic hernias and adenomatoid airway malformation), and group 4 : 291 miscellaneous cases with mostly skeletal, renal, and central nervous system anomalies not fulfilling the criteria of inclusion into groups 1 to 3.

Results

Eight of 26 clinical (30.8%) and 16 of 45 (35.5%) placental phenotypes varied statistically significantly among the 4 groups ( P <  .05), of those, 7 (26.9%) and 4 (8.9%), respectively, remained statistically significant after Bonferroni correction ( P Bonferroni ≤  .002). Those placental phenotypes were placental weight, chorionic disc chorionic microcysts, fetal vascular ectasia, and luminal vascular abnormalities of chorionic villi.

Conclusions

Fetal anomalies in second half of pregnancy feature abnormal clinical phenotypes much more frequently than abnormal placental phenotypes. Chromosomal abnormalities with or without heart malformations tend to feature villous edema, and erythroblastosis of fetal blood, likely due to fetal heart failure. Mass-forming fetal anomalies feature placental histological lesions of shallow placental implantation, diffuse chronic hypoxic patterns of placental injury, and lesions of fetal vascular malperfusion, likely stasis-induced.
Late onset pupillary block glaucoma following phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation
Authors: Seth Natasha Gautam , Thattaruthody Faisal , Jurangal Ajay , Pandav Surinder Singh
Published: May 2019

Secondary angle closure in a pseudophakic eye due to pupillary block, more than a decade following phacoemulsification, has not been reported. We managed a 75-year-old female presenting with sudden, painful diminution of vision and raised intraocular pressure in the right eye. The key finding was an almost flat anterior chamber with intraocular lens in normal position clinically as well as on ultrasound biomicroscopy. The posterior chamber was ballooned up by vitreous, which was cleared surgically to restore the anatomy. Meticulous clinical examination augmented by ultrasound biomicroscopy findings helped us to diagnose and manage this case for satisfactory intraocular pressure and visual outcome.
Continuous damage-based Voronoi finite element analysis of contact fatigue of a wind turbine gear
Authors: Wei Peitang , Liu Huaiju , Zhu Caichao , He Haifeng
Published: May 2019

Contact fatigue failures of gears, especially those used in heavy duty conditions such as wind turbine gears, become important issues in mechanical transmission industry. In the present work, a continuous damage mechanism and Voronoi-based finite element model is developed to investigate the contact fatigue of a wind turbine gear. Plane strain assumption is adopted to simplify the gear contact model. Voronoi tessellations are utilized to represent the microstructure topology of the gear material, and continuous damage mechanism is implemented to reflect the material degradation within critical substrate area. With the developed framework, the contact pressure distribution, intergranular mechanical response and the progressive fatigue damage at the grain boundaries during repeated gear meshing are evaluated and discussed in detail. The depths of the maximum shear stress reversal and the crack initiation agree well with previously reported findings. The influence of microstructure on the gear contact fatigue behavior is also investigated.
Tele-glaucoma versus clinical evaluation: The New Jersey Health Foundation Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Chandrasekaran Subhashini , Kass William , Thangamathesvaran Loka , Mendez Nicole , Khouri Peter , Szirth Bernard C , Khouri Albert S
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Glaucoma, the second most common cause of blindness, is normally detected in clinic. With technological improvements, tele-glaucoma exams can identify these changes off-site. The quality of tele-glaucoma exams needs to be compared with that of traditional exams. This study’s purpose was to validate the tele-glaucoma programme, which allows a physician comprehensive access to patients’ data, by comparing results to clinical examinations.

Methods

A prospective study of 107 subjects evaluated in clinic and then tele-glaucoma stations, which consisted of non-mydriatic fundus photography, puff-tonometry, auto-refraction and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). The OCT captured central corneal thickness, angle anatomy, cup-to-disc ratio (CDR), retinal nerve fibre layer distribution and posterior-pole ganglion cell complex data.

Results

Intraocular pressure (IOP) comparisons between clinical and tele-glaucoma exams had strong positive Pearson correlation coefficients (0.8248 OD, 0.8672 OS). Strong positive correlations were seen for CDR (0.7835 OD, 0.8082 OS) as well as diagnosis (glaucoma, no glaucoma or glaucoma suspect). A moderate positive correlation was seen for return to clinic time (RTC). Tele-glaucoma had an average lower RTC (2.7 vs 3.9 months). Tele-glaucoma was more likely to elicit a non-glaucomatous diagnosis not found in clinic vs a diagnosis found only in clinic (18% vs 5% of subjects).

Discussion

Tele-glaucoma allows for detecting glaucoma remotely. These advancements alleviate patient difficulties with obtaining adequate glaucoma screenings and helps ophthalmologists triage patients with more severe pathology. Our study indicates that our tele-glaucoma protocol is comparable to a clinical exam in its ability to detect glaucoma. Further studies will be needed for off-site testing and transferring data separately for analysis.
Deformation behavior of slab warping for longitudinal continuous rigid slab under temperature effect
Authors: Chen Zui , Xiao Jieling , Liu Xueyi , Qin Hongpei , Yang Rongshan
Published: May 2019

Longitudinally coupled prefabricated slab track is prone to slab warping under the non-uniform temperature field. Analytical expressions for the displacement field of the track slab during the warping process are developed hereby based on equilibrium differential equations, and the expressions are verified through a numerical model by finite element method in ANSYS package. Through analyzing the factors such as types of temperature distribution, slab gravity, and rail weight, regulations of warping deformation for the track slab are systematically analyzed. Research shows that the displacements in the x and z directions are linearly related to the respective components during the warping deformation. The displacement in y direction has a quadratic relationship with x and z components. Temperature gradient is the pivotal factor to lead the warping of the track slab, and the type of temperature distribution has less effect on the warping displacement. If track slab remains unwarped under the effect of slab gravity, temperature gradient should be maintained in the range of –18°C/m–13°C/m. Rail weight has less influence on slab warping.
Daredevils on social media: A comprehensive approach toward risky selfie behavior among adolescents
Authors: Chen Shuang , Schreurs Lara , Pabian Sara , Vandenbosch Laura
Published: May 2019

Risky selfies are recent, but worrying phenomena in which adolescents take pictures of themselves during the act of risk behavior. By applying the principles of the prototype willingness model, the current cross-sectional study among adolescents ( N = 686) aged 15–18 years old examined the relation between social media use and adolescents’ risky selfie behavior. A structural equation modeling indicated that adolescents’ general social media use was positively related to descriptive norm estimations of risky selfie takers and favorable prototype perceptions of risky selfie takers. Moreover, attitudes toward the taking of risky selfies and prototype perceptions of risky selfie takers were found to positively relate to adolescents’ willingness to engage in risky selfie taking and their actual risky selfie behavior. Furthermore, no support was found for the moderating roles of gender, developmental status, narcissism, and sensation seeking in the reported relations with social media use.
Putting “Place” in the Center of Journalism Research: A Way Forward to Understand Challenges to Trust and Knowledge in News
Authors: Usher Nikki
Published: May 2019

The U.S. journalism industry is facing unprecedented challenges from questions of economic stability, rising antimedia sentiment among the government and the public, new technologies that have democratizing effects on news production, and the lowest levels of trust in journalism in decades. At the same time, the United States is facing structural inequality and political polarization that has taken on a distinctly place-based dimension. Taken together, the places of news have changed, both because of forces inside and outside journalism: The places where journalists do their work have changed, not only in an immediate sense of their own work routines but also because of the larger place-based realignment in the United States. This monograph argues that place must be at the center of scholarly and industry analysis to better understand the challenges to professional journalism today.