bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applying the Paris system for reporting urine cytology to challenging cytology cases
Authors: Glass Ryan , Rosca Oana , Raab Stephen , Szabelska Jolanta , Chau Karen , Sheikh‐Fayyaz Silvat , Cocker Rubina
Published: April 2019

Background

Implementing the Paris system for reporting urine cytology (TPS) can substantiate atypical diagnosis while improving standardization and risk stratification. This study evaluates its performance and reproducibility in challenging cases and examines whether focused education of morphological features can improve outcomes.

Methods

In our prior study, urine cytology cases diagnosed as “atypical” with surgical follow‐up were used. Cases showing poor agreement in that study were collected for this one. Representative photographs of each case were taken and distributed via online questionnaires. Participants were asked to render an initial diagnosis and evaluate the presence of several morphological features. Educational material was distributed, followed by additional questionnaires.

Results

Three participants evaluated 40 cases before and after educational materials. TPS diagnoses were significantly more specific (0.23 vs 0.59, P = 0.004) and more accurate (0.43 vs 0.66, P = 0.0125) than diagnoses made with our institutional system. Fewer overall cases were diagnosed as “atypical” with TPS. TPS education resulted in slightly, though not significantly, more specific diagnoses (0.25 vs 0.59, P = 0.083). Interobserver agreement decreased for nuclear‐to‐cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio, TPS diagnoses and initial diagnoses, and increased for all other features. TPS resulted in downgrading of cases with biopsy‐proven low grade urothelial neoplasm (LGUN) from “atypical” to negative for high grade urothelial carcinoma (NHGUC) (P = 0.018).

Conclusions

Use of TPS in challenging urine cytology cases can improve specificity, risk stratification, and diagnostic accuracy while decreasing the number of “atypical” diagnoses. Though training can help cytopathologists better apply these criteria, it is unclear how to effectively improve evaluation of N/C ratio.
A review of the U.S. invasive species policy mix: Questioning the prospect of an integrated regime
Authors: Herrick Charles N.
Published: April 2019

By some accounts, invasive species pose the second greatest threat to global biodiversity after habitat destruction. In addition to their ecological impacts, invasive species cause a wide range of economic and social damages. In recent years, scholars and policy officials have called for recalibration of U.S. invasive species policy, with some advocating a tightly integrated policy regime addressing a broad spectrum of activity, including predictive assessment of invasion pathways, prevention of introduction and spread, control of established populations, eradication of selected populations, and establishment of high‐level coordination bodies. In this paper, I draw upon the policy integration literature and apply a regime construct to review the proposition that the existing mix of U.S. invasive species policies can and should be more tightly integrated. By way of conclusion, I suggest that the current policy mix is not exhausted and recommend a program evaluation process framed to characterize and assess factors and conditions that might influence the comparative effectiveness of strategic alternatives to integration, such as coping and taming.
Intermittent perilesional edema and contrast enhancement in epilepsy with calcified neurocysticercosis may help to identify the seizure focus
Authors: Jama‐António Job Monteiro C. , Yasuda Clarissa L. , Cendes Fernando
Published: April 2019

Neurocysticercosis is a frequent cause of seizures in endemic countries. It is caused by the larvae of the tapeworm Taenia solium. The larvae once hosted in the cerebral parenchyma evolve into viable cysts, called the vesicular stage (with little or no inflammatory reaction), and may remain at this stage for years, or may enter in an inflammatory‐degenerative process (colloidal phase) that ends with calcified nodules. Edema and MRI contrast enhancement associated with these calcifications have been described, suggesting that it may be associated with seizures. However, most of these reports were either cross‐sectional case‐control series or case reports with a single time point MRI. Therefore, the clinical significance of recurring perilesional edema and contrast enhancement around calcified lesions is still uncertain. Here, we describe repeated MRIs of a patient with calcified neurocysticercosis over 4 years. The seizures were associated with edema and contrast enhancement that disappeared in the seizure‐free periods, occurring only around one calcified nodule that coincided with the EEG findings and seizure semiology, although he had three additional calcifications. These findings support the association between pericalcification contrast enhancement and edema with recent seizures. This MRI finding may be a marker to define the epileptogenic focus in epilepsies with calcified neurocysticercosis.
Tidal inlets in the Anthropocene: Geomorphology and benthic habitats of the Chioggia inlet, Venice Lagoon (Italy)
Authors: Fogarin Stefano , Madricardo Fantina , Zaggia Luca , Sigovini Marco , Montereale‐Gavazzi Giacomo , Kruss Aleksandra , Lorenzetti Giuliano , Manfé Giorgia , Petrizzo Antonio , Molinaroli Emanuela , Trincardi Fabio
Published: April 2019

Adopting a multidisciplinary approach, we mapped with unprecedented detail the seafloor morphology, sediment distribution and benthic habitats of a tidal inlet in the Venice Lagoon, Italy, which has been greatly impacted by human activity. Thanks to very high‐resolution multibeam data, we identified ebb and flood‐tidal deltas, a tidal point bar, active dune fields, pools and scour holes.

The seafloor substrate of the inlet was investigated by integrating automatically classified multibeam backscatter data with sediment samples and underwater seafloor images. The sediment composition comprises four textural classes with 75% overall thematic accuracy. The particle size distribution of each morphological feature was assessed distinguishing, in particular, sediments over crests and troughs of small‐dune fields with wavelengths and heights of less than 4 m and 0.2 m, respectively.

Adopting state‐of‐the‐art benthic habitat mapping procedures, we found seven distinctive benthic habitats that reflect spatial variability in hydrodynamics and sediment transport pathways. The dominant classes were Sand with sparse shell detritus (46%) and Bare sand (32%). The rip‐rap revetment used for the inlet jetties and for the hard structures, built in the inlet channel to protect Venice from flooding, created a new habitat that covers 5.5% of the study area. This study shows how combining geomorphological and ecological analyses is crucial for the monitoring and management of tidal inlets and coastal infrastructures. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potential for Beneficial Reuse of Oil and Gas–Derived Produced Water in Agriculture: Physiological and Morphological Responses in Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Sedlacko Erin M. , Jahn Courtney E. , Heuberger Adam L. , Sindt Nathan M. , Miller Hannah M. , Borch Thomas , Blaine Andrea C. , Cath Tzahi Y. , Higgins Christopher P.
Published: April 2019

Produced water (PW) from oil and gas operations is considered a potential resource for food crop irrigation because of increasing water scarcity in dryland agriculture. However, efforts to employ PW for agriculture have been met with limited success. A greenhouse study was performed to evaluate the effects of PW on physiological and morphological traits of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum). Plants were irrigated with water treatments containing 10 and 50% PW (PW10 and PW50, respectively) and compared to a matching 50% salinity (NaCl50) and 100% tap water controls. Compared to controls, plants watered with PW10 and PW50 exhibited developmental arrest and reductions in aboveground and belowground biomass, photosynthetic efficiency, and reproductive growth. Decreases in grain yield ranged from 70 to 100% in plants irrigated with PW compared to the tap water control. Importantly, the PW10 and NaCl50 treatments were comparable for morphophysiological effects, even though NaCl50 contained 5 times the total dissolved solids, suggesting that constituents other than NaCl in PW contributed to plant stress. These findings indicate that despite discharge and reuse requirements focused on total dissolved solids, salinity stress may not be the primary factor affecting crop health. The results of the present study are informative for developing guidelines for the use of PW in agriculture to ensure minimal effects on crop morphology and physiology. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1756–1769. © 2019 SETAC

Abstract

Given that produced water (PW) is a waste product requiring disposal by deep-well injection, and agricultural use of reclaimed water is an important way of meeting water demands in drought-stressed areas, we aim to evaluate the possible beneficial reuse of PW for use in agriculture and food by investigating the response of wheat to determine if minimally treated PW can be used to irrigate with minimal yield reduction and to assess if salinity (as TDS) is the primary factor governing response.
College Reading and Studying: The Complexity of Academic Literacy Task Demands
Authors: Holschuh Jodi Patrick
Published: April 2019

Over a century of research on postsecondary learning has documented that students often struggle with the academic literacy demands of college. Academic literacy tasks are the subset of all academic tasks that involve reading and writing and are rooted within larger cultural practices. These demands are challenging, complex, and varied, so students need help preparing before they enter college. Although there are many reasons why preparing students for academic literacy tasks is difficult, there are some ways that educators can help. The author discusses the academic literacy demands in college by examining some of the reasons why it is difficult to fully prepare students and several ways that educators can help students on the path toward college readiness.
Centering Student Identities in Critical Media Literacy Instruction
Authors: McArthur Sherell A.
Published: April 2019

The authors featured in this department column share instructional practices that support transformative literacy teaching and disrupt “struggling reader” and “struggling writer” labels.
Is My Adolescent/Adult Struggling Reader Dyslexic?
Authors: Hruby George G.
Published: April 2019

This department explores critical perspectives on issues at the intersection of policy and practice in order to generate fresh questions about enduring dilemmas, new challenges, and debates.
Exploring New Ways of Literacy Instruction Through Practitioner Research
Authors: Marsh Josephine Peyton , Gonzalez Deborah
Published: April 2019

This forum highlights research that literacy teachers, students, and others can explore, use, or adapt as they provide literacy instruction and develop related programs and research agendas.
Using stimulus preference assessments to identify preferred break environments
Authors: Castelluccio Natalie T. , Johnson Cammarie
Published: April 2019

A pictorial preference assessment was conducted for 2 individuals with autism who had programmed breaks in their behavior plans. Assessed break environments were individualized, based on indirect assessments and direct observations. The most highly (HP) and least preferred (LP) environments and a control with no associated break were included in a subsequent reinforcer assessment using a concurrent‐chains arrangement within a reversal design. Participants selected a multitask sequence (initial link) associated with one of the break environments. Phase A evaluated the reinforcing properties of all three breaks; the HP was removed in Phase B. Both participants allocated more responding to HP than LP, and to LP than control, suggesting that breaks functioned as reinforcers. The results indicated that preference assessment technology can be used to identify highly preferred breaks that function as reinforcers. Social validity measures indicated that the individuals' clinicians found the results useful for future clinical programming.
Cytotoxic and proinflammatory responses induced by ZnO nanoparticles in in vitro intestinal barrier
Authors: Colombo Graziano , Cortinovis Cristina , Moschini Elisa , Bellitto Nicholas , Perego Maria Chiara , Albonico Marco , Astori Emanuela , Dalle‐Donne Isabella , Bertero Alessia , Gedanken Aharon , Perelsthein Ilana , Mantecca Paride , Caloni Francesca
Published: April 2019

ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used nowadays, thus the gastrointestinal exposure to ZnO NPs is likely to be relevant and the effects on the intestinal barrier should be investigated. Polarized Caco‐2 cells were exposed from the apical (Ap) and basolateral (Bl) compartments to increasing concentrations (0, 10, 50 and 100 μg/mL) of sonochemical (sono) and commercial ZnO NPs. The transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), cell viability, proinflammatory cytokine release and presence of protein oxidative damage were evaluated after exposure. TEER was not significantly affected by Ap exposure to either sono or commercial ZnO NPs at any tested concentrations. After Bl exposure to sono ZnO NPs (all the concentrations) and to 100 μg/mL of commercial ZnO NPs TEER was decreased (P < 0.05). Ap and Bl exposure to 100 μg/mL sono ZnO NPs and Ap exposure to 50 μg/mL commercial ZnO NPs induced a significant (P < 0.05) release of interleukin‐6. A significant (P < 0.05) release of interleukin‐8 was observed after Ap exposure to ZnO NPs at 100 μg/mL and after Bl exposure to sono ZnO NPs at 100 μg/mL. Ap or Bl exposure to sono or commercial ZnO NPs did not affect tumour necrosis factor‐alpha secretion or protein sulphydryl oxidation. In conclusion, the ZnO NP exposure from the Ap compartment appeared almost safe, while the exposure through the basal compartment appeared to be more hazardous and the different NP size and crystallinity seem to affect the mode of action, but further studies are necessary to elucidate better these toxicity mechanisms.
Multi‐component Reactions, Solvent‐free Synthesis of Substituted Pyrano‐pyridopyrimidine under Different Conditions Using ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Mahmoud Naglaa F. H. , El‐Saghier Ahmed M.
Published: April 2019

2‐Amino‐4‐(4‐substitutedphenyl)‐5‐oxo‐4H,5H‐pyrano[2,3‐d]pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidine‐3‐carbonitrile‐derivatives 2–12 were synthesized via multi‐component condensation reactions of different aromatic aldehydes, 3H‐pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidine‐2,4‐dione 1, and malononitrile by using ZnO nanoparticles as green chemistry, environmentally friendly catalyst under solvent‐free conditions. The present work creates a variety of biologically active heterocyclic compounds in excellent yield and a short time. The structures of all synthesized compounds were elucidated with the elemental analyses, IR, 1H NMR, and mass spectral data.
Cocoa Shell Aqueous Phenolic Extract Preserves Mitochondrial Function and Insulin Sensitivity by Attenuating Inflammation between Macrophages and Adipocytes In Vitro
Authors: Rebollo‐Hernanz Miguel , Zhang Qiaozhi , Aguilera Yolanda , Martín‐Cabrejas Maria A. , de Mejia Elvira Gonzalez
Published: April 2019

Scope

The aim is to assess the action of an aqueous extract from cocoa shell (CAE) and its main phenolic compounds to prevent the loss of obesity‐induced mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity, targeting inflammation between macrophages‐adipocytes in vitro.

Methods and results

CAE (31–500 µg mL−1) inhibits 3T3‐L1 adipocytes lipid accumulation and induces browning during differentiation. LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages show reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase‐2 expression and lowered pro‐inflammatory cytokine production when treated with CAE and pure phenolics. Inflammatory crosstalk created by stimulating adipocytes with macrophage‐conditioned media (CM) is arrested; CAE diminishes tumor necrosis factor‐α (67%) and promotes adiponectin secretion (12.3‐fold). Mitochondrial function, measured by reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial content, and activity, is preserved in CM‐treated adipocytes through up‐regulating peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1‐α expression. Increases in insulin receptor (9‐fold), phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (3‐fold), protein kinase B (4‐fold) phosphorylation, and a decrease in insulin receptor substrate 1 serine phosphorylation induce increased glucose uptake (34%) and glucose transporter 4 translocation (14‐fold) in CM‐induced adipocytes.

Conclusion

CAE phenolics promote a beige phenotype in adipocytes. Macrophages‐adipocytes inflammatory interaction is reduced preventing mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance. For the first time, CAE shows a positive effect on adipogenesis and inflammation‐related disorders.
Crashworthiness of recycled cardboard panels reinforced with hybrid columnar aluminum tube‐GFRP rods
Authors: Fortin Gabriel Y. , Elbadry Elsayed A. , Hamada Hiroyuki
Published: April 2019

This article presents an experimental study on the crushing properties of recycled cardboard panels reinforced with hybrid columnar aluminum tube‐GFRP rods made by a tubular braiding method under quasi‐static compression. The effects of number of hybrid columnar aluminum tube‐GFRP rods with a taper are investigated in single‐layer cardboard panels and two‐layer panels including a thin aluminum interlayer. The results show that GFRP rods with a tapered end display much better progressive crushing behavior with larger specific energy absorption (SEA) compared with rods without a taper, with average values of 65 and 43 kJ/kg, respectively. Moreover, aluminum tubes show a concertina mode of crushing due to folding of the tube walls, with an average SEA of 89 kJ/kg. On the other hand, the highest SEA of 102 kJ/kg is obtained in hybrid columnar aluminum tube‐GFRP rods with a taper, due to interactions of the aluminum on the crushing behavior of the rods. No interactions are observed on the crushing behavior of hybrid columnar structures in cardboard; however, the cardboard does constrain the fiber splaying process of GFRP rods. The interlayer aluminum has a pronounced effect on crushing stability of GFRP rods and hybrid columnar aluminum tube‐GFRP rod reinforced two‐layer cardboard panels.
Fetal and perinatal outcome associated with small cerebellar diameter based on second‐ or third‐trimester ultrasonography
Authors: Atallah Anthony , Guibaud Laurent , Gaucherand Pascal , Massardier Jerome , des Portes Vincent , Massoud Mona
Published: April 2019

Objective

To examine the outcome of pregnancy with fetal transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD) below the fifth percentile based on routine second‐ or third‐trimester ultrasonography.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of 12 344 women according to TCD Z scores based on systematic second‐ or third‐trimester ultrasound examination between 2007 and 2015. Information on major malformations, chromosomal anomalies, intrauterine or neonatal demise, and other abnormal findings were collected.

Results

In total, 408 fetuses with small prenatal TCD underwent clinical investigation; 160 major malformations were noted, consisting mainly of neurological or cardiac anomalies (39,2%%). Chromosomal anomalies were reported in 39 (9.5%) and intrauterine or neonatal demise in 41 cases (10%). Major malformations and chromosomal anomalies were found in 46.4% and 10% of fetuses with extremely small TCD (Z score < −2.5), respectively, 31.3% and 12.7% of fetuses with small TCD (Z score between −2.0 and −1.645), and 39.6 % and 7.7% of fetuses with subnormal TCD (Z score between −2.0 and −1.645). Intrauterine or neonatal demise was noted in 22%, 8.8%, and 4.8% of fetuses with extremely small, small, and subnormal TCD, respectively (P < .05). Among intrauterine growth‐restricted fetuses, fetal demise or neonatal adverse outcome was reported in 75%, 81.8%, and 18.5%, respectively. Of all the fetuses, 2.2% were lost to follow‐up.

Conclusion

A small cerebellar diameter below the fifth percentile is a relevant marker to detect associated anomalies during routine ultrasound examination in the second or third trimester. This is related to a high rate of fetal malformations, chromosomal anomalies, and genetic disorders, regardless of the severity of the cerebellar small size. Small TCD seems to be a prognostic factor for fetal growth restriction. Therefore, when facing a TCD below the fifth percentile, patients should be referred for further sonography and fetal karyotyping.
Evaluation of Urinary Proteome Library Generation Methods on Data‐Independent Acquisition MS Analysis and its Application in Normal Urinary Proteome Analysis
Authors: Zhao Mindi , Liu Xiang , Sun Haidan , Guo Zhengguang , Liu Xiaoyan , Sun Wei
Published: April 2019

Purpose

As an important part of the data‐independent acquisition‐mass spectrometry (DIA‐MS) analysis approach, spectral library generation is closely related to the final protein identification and quantitation.

Experimental design

In this study, an attempt is made to evaluate the influence of different sample separation methods (reversed‐phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) linear gradient elution and spin column step gradient fractionation) and data acquisition modes (data‐dependent acquisition (DDA) and DIA) on library generation of the human urine proteome.

Results

The RPLC separation method provides more proteins for generating the library than the spin column; however, the spin column library leads to identification of more proteins when used for the urine proteome analysis. The DDA mode can provide a larger spectral library than the DIA mode and the DDA‐library leads to more protein identifications in the study. Use of a combined urinary protein library provides the most complete protein and peptide information, and the DIA approach can provide accurate protein quantitative information even for low‐abundance proteins.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

When the combined library is used to analyze the normal individual urine proteome (18 males and 18 females), gender‐related and age‐related proteins are discovered and functionally analyzed. This strategy may benefit urine proteome DIA analysis.
Molecular dynamics investigation of a redox switch in the anti‐HIV protein SAMHD1
Authors: Patra Kajwal Kumar , Bhattacharya Akash , Bhattacharya Swati
Published: April 2019

HIV‐1 is restricted in macrophages and certain quiescent myeloid cells due to a “Scorched Earth” dNTP starvation strategy attributed to the sterile alpha motif and HD domain protein—SAMHD1. Active SAMHD1 tetramers are assembled by GTP‐Mg+2‐dNTP cross bridges and cleave the triphosphate groups of dNTPs at a K
m of ~10 μM, which is consistent with dNTP concentrations in cycling cells, but far higher than the equivalent concentration in quiescent cells. Given the substantial disparity between the dNTP concentrations required to activate SAMHD1 tetramers (~10 μM) and the dNTP concentrations in noncycling cells (~10 nM), the possibility of alternate enzymatically active forms of SAMHD1, including monomers remains open. In particular, the possibility of redox regulation of such monomers is also an open question. There have been experimental studies on the regulation of SAMHD1 by Glutathione driven redox reactions recently. Therefore, in this work, we have performed all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations to study the dynamics of monomeric SAMHD1 constructs in the context of the three redox‐susceptible Cysteine residues and compared them to monomers assembled within a tetramer. Our results indicate that assembly into a tetramer causes ordering of the catalytic core and increased solvent accessibility of the Catalytic Site. We have also found that glutathionylation of surface exposed C522 causes long range allosteric disruptions extending into the protein core. Finally, we see evidence suggesting a transient interaction between C522 and C341. Such a disulfide linkage has been hypothesized by experimental models, but has never been observed in crystal structures before.
Effect of site‐directed point mutations on protein misfolding: A simulation study
Authors: Kumar Adesh , Biswas Parbati
Published: April 2019

A Monte Carlo simulation based sequence design method is proposed to investigate the role of site‐directed point mutations in protein misfolding. Site‐directed point mutations are incorporated in the designed sequences of selected proteins. While most mutated sequences correctly fold to their native conformation, some of them stabilize in other nonnative conformations and thus misfold/unfold. The results suggest that a critical number of hydrophobic amino acid residues must be present in the core of the correctly folded proteins, whereas proteins misfold/unfold if this number of hydrophobic residues falls below the critical limit. A protein can accommodate only a particular number of hydrophobic residues at the surface, provided a large number of hydrophilic residues are present at the surface and critical hydrophobicity of the core is preserved. Some surface sites are observed to be equally sensitive toward site‐directed point mutations as the core sites. Point mutations with highly polar and charged amino acids increases the misfold/unfold propensity of proteins. Substitution of natural amino acids at sites with different number of nonbonded contacts suggests that both amino acid identity and its respective site‐specificity determine the stability of a protein. A clash‐match method is developed to calculate the number of matching and clashing interactions in the mutated protein sequences. While misfolded/unfolded sequences have a higher number of clashing and a lower number of matching interactions, the correctly folded sequences have a lower number of clashing and a higher number of matching interactions. These results are valid for different SCOP classes of proteins.
Structural, Magneto‐electronic, Mechanical, and Thermophysical Properties of Double Perovskite Ba2ZnReO6
Authors: Khandy Saveer Ahmad , Yousuf Saleem , Gupta Dinesh C.
Published: April 2019

The authors have analyzed the structural, magneto‐electronic, mechanical, and thermophysical properties of barium based Ba2ZnReO6 double perovskite using ab‐initio method. The structural characterization in all possible magnetic and non‐magnetic phases with band profile display Fm‐3m as stable phase. The optimized lattice parameter is 8.080 Å with an indirect band gap of 2.49 eV in GGA + U calculation method, showing good agreement with experimental results. In order to confirm its robustness against external forces, mechanical stability is also checked. The various elastic moduli describe it as ductile with near to isotropic nature. Temperature variation in the range of 0–15 K is used to confirm its half‐metallic nature at the Fermi level, where Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity are computed. The occurrence of perfect half‐metallic nature possibly will make its potential stand for application in spintronic devices.
DewSim: A trace‐driven toolkit for simulating mobile device clusters in Dew computing environments
Authors: Hirsch Matías , Mateos Cristian , Rodriguez Juan Manuel , Zunino Alejandro
Published: April 2019

Dew computing is an emerging computing paradigm, which aims at minimizing the dependency over existing internetwork back‐haul, ie, being dependent on processing resources offered by remote servers. Smartphones and tablets ubiquity and powerful computing hardware motivated researchers to investigate the way of providing Dew computing services by exploiting the aggregated capabilities of devices in a vicinity, a smart device cluster. Consequently, research on resource management is necessary to learn how to scavenge resources from such a cluster, deal with devices heterogeneity, limitations, and dynamic resource availability. Simulation is commonly practiced for studying resource management in other distributed computing research fields, specially due to the complexity involved in the set up of experiments. However, a free‐to‐use purpose specific toolkit for studying smart device clusters do not exist or have been documented. Current simulation efforts do not allow researchers to faithfully represent key singularities of such environment, which are energy depletion and nondedicated nature of computing resources. We propose a trace‐based toolkit built on modular software artifacts to speed up research in resource management techniques in Dew environments. A trace‐driven methodology is adopted to assure practical value of simulated scenarios. The toolkit comprises a device profiler application for Android to capture generic battery and CPU traces from real devices, a profile mixer to create user interaction baseline traces through generic ones, and an extensible engine to simulate the execution of workloads configurable via text files. Verification and validation tests were run to show correctness and reliability of our simulation approach.
Systems everywhere?
Authors: Vanderstraeten Raf
Published: April 2019

Ludwig von Bertalanffy built his hopes for system theory on the growing visibility of systems in the world. The first introductory section of the 1968 edition of General System Theory is titled “Systems Everywhere.” Half a century later, system theory has fallen into disrepute in several fields of study. It is targeted for its technocratic and governmental ambitions; it is depicted as an attempt to understand and reshape the world according to the system image of the world. This paper sketches how the social world has been analysed as a system—with a focus on hierarchy, predictability, and control. It proceeds to show how Von Bertalanffy's emphasis on the distinction between system and environment allows for the analysis of heterogeneity, indeterminacy, and uncontrollability. This paper thus makes a plea for a reflexive theory that focuses on problems that emerge despite the fact that our society imagines itself as a system.
Review of two‐dimensional materials for electrochemical CO2 reduction from a theoretical perspective
Authors: Zhu Xiaorong , Li Yafei
Published: April 2019

The massive use of fossil fuels emits a large amount of carbon dioxide gas, which brings inevitable damage to the ecological environment. The conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into organic fuel molecules or other industrial raw materials by electrochemical reduction is an important means to reduce the CO2 content in the atmosphere and establish a new carbon resource balance system. However, the currently used catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction are still unsatisfactory because of several serious problems, such as high overpotential, low selectivity, and high cost. Compared to conventional three‐dimensional (3D) catalysts, it is expected that two‐dimensional (2D) catalysts with ultra‐large surface area, abundant surface atoms, and excellent electrical conductivity along 2D channels could be more beneficial toward CO2 electrochemical reduction. Recently, the application of 2D materials in the field of CO2 electrocatalytic conversion has just begun to receive attention. In this overview, we summarized the latest advances on developing novel 2D materials as catalysts for CO2 electrochemical reduction and highlighted the important role of theoretical simulation in this emerging field. We hope that this overview could provide some guidance for both theoretical and experimental communities to further designing 2D electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction and understanding the corresponding mechanisms.

This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis

Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Jet veto resummation with jet rapidity cuts
Authors: Michel Johannes K. L. , Pietrulewicz Piotr , Tackmann Frank J.
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Jet vetoes are widely used in experimental analyses at the LHC to distinguish different hard-interaction processes. Experimental jet selections require a cut on the (pseudo)rapidity of reconstructed jets, |η
jet| ≤ η
cut. We extend the standard jet-p

T
(jet-veto) resummation, which implicitly works in the limit η
cut → ∞, by incorporating a finite jet rapidity cut. We also consider the case of a step in the required p

T

cut
at an intermediate value of |η| ≃ 2.5, which is of experimental relevance to avoid the increased pile-up contamination beyond the reach of the tracking detectors. We identify all relevant parametric regimes, discuss their factorization and resummation as well as the relations between them, and show that the phenomenologically relevant regimes are free of large nonglobal logarithms. The η
cut dependence of all resummation ingredients is computed to the same order to which they are currently known for η
cut → ∞. Our results pave the way for carrying out the jet-veto resummation including a sharp cut or a step at η
cut to the same order as is currently available in the η
cut → ∞ limit. The numerical impact of the jet rapidity cut is illustrated for benchmark

$$ q\overline{q} $$

q

q
¯

and gg initiated color-singlet processes at NLL′+NLO. We find that a rapidity cut at high η
cut = 4.5 is safe to use and has little effect on the cross section. A sharp cut at η
cut = 2.5 can in some cases lead to a substantial increase in the perturbative uncertainties, which can be mitigated by instead using a step in the veto.
Two-field cosmological α-attractors with Noether symmetry
Authors: Anguelova Lilia , Babalic Elena Mirela , Lazaroiu Calin Iuliu
Published: April 2019

Abstract

We study Noether symmetries in two-field cosmological α-attractors, investigating the case when the scalar manifold is an elementary hyperbolic surface. This encompasses and generalizes the case of the Poincaré disk. We solve the conditions for the existence of a ‘separated’ Noether symmetry and find the form of the scalar potential compatible with such, for any elementary hyperbolic surface. For this class of symmetries, we find that the α-parameter must have a fixed value. Using those Noether symmetries, we also obtain many exact solutions of the equations of motion of these models, which were studied previously with numerical methods.
Effect of applied voltage and temperature on methane production and microbial community in microbial electrochemical anaerobic digestion systems treating swine manure
Authors: Yu Jaecheul , Kim Sunwon , Kwon O-Seob
Published: April 2019

Microbial electrochemical technology (MET) that can harvest electricity/valuable materials and enhance the efficiency of conventional biological processes through the redox reaction of organic/inorganic compounds has attracted considerable attention. MET-based anaerobic digestion (AD) systems treating swine manure were operated at different applied voltages (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 V) and temperatures (25, 35, and 45 °C). Among the MET-based AD systems with different applied voltages at 35 °C, M4 at 0.7 V showed the highest methane production (2.96 m3-CH4/m3) and methane yield (0.64 m3-CH4/kg-VS). The methane production and yield increased with increasing temperature at an applied voltage of 0.7 V. Nevertheless, the MET-based AD systems (LM at 25 °C and 0.7V) showed competitive AD performance (2.33 m3-CH4/m3 and 0.53 m3-CH4/VS) compared with the conventional AD system (35 °C). The microbial community was affected by the applied voltage and temperature, and hydrogenotrophic methanogens such as M. flavescens, M. hungatei, and M. thermautotrophicus were mainly responsible for methane production in MET-based AD systems. Therefore, the methane production can be enhanced by an applied voltage or by direct interspecies electron transfer because M. flavescens and M. thermautotrophicus were especially predominant in cathode of MET-based AD systems. The MET-based AD systems can help enhance biogas production from swine manure with no significant change in methane content. Furthermore, MET-based AD systems will be a promising AD system through low material development and the optimal operation.
La respuesta de Quevedo al padre Pineda: una obra posiblemente censurada
Authors: Alonso Veloso María José
Published: April 2019

Numerous invectives against Quevedo’s works were disseminated from 1626 to 1635, coinciding with the publication of his most polemical texts:Política de Dios,BuscónandSueños. Among the earliest ones, there is a diatribe against the political treatise by the Jesuit priest Juan de Pineda, handwritten and now lost. Quevedo replied to it quickly, in 1626. His response is preserved in two manuscript sources dated in the 17th century, one of them with relevant omissions never mentioned by scholars. The aim of this paper is to provide information about more than twenty excerpts that were included in the version that could be presumably closer to the author’s will; the other one, which was precisely the base text of modern editors, might have censored them. The above omissions seem to be due to a possible censure: some insulting passages against Pineda dissapear, as well as praises and quotes from a controversial Jesuit, Gabriel Vázquez, who was accused for his heterodox ideas and even imprisoned by the Inquisition.
Nuevos datos sobre el poblamiento inicial del bosque del centro-norte de Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Fernández Pablo Marcelo , Carballido Calatayud Mariana , Bellelli Cristina , Tchilinguirián Pablo , Leonardt Sabrina , Fernández Mercedes Grisel
Published: April 2019

Tradicionalmente, el efecto combinado de la demografía y la productividad de los ambientes patagónicos ha sido invocado para explicar que el interior del bosque del centro-norte de la Patagonia argentina fue utilizado luego de la ocupación de espacios más favorables, con una antigüedad máxima de 3.500 años. El hallazgo de contextos del Holoceno temprano y medio en el sitio de Población Anticura situado en el bosque mixto permite reformular este escenario. El análisis sedimentario, de los procesos de formación y de la evidencia arqueológica recuperada indica, para estos momentos, la existencia de ocupaciones breves y con cierta redundancia a través del tiempo, con conjuntos artefactuales pequeños pero variados, una subsistencia basada en el huemul (Hippocamelus bisulcus) y el consumo ocasional de especies de menor tamaño corporal como alimento y como materia prima. La procedencia de algunos materiales sugiere que el uso temprano del interior del bosque estaría vinculado a redes de circulación amplias en el marco de una baja demografía, mientras que la naturaleza de las ocupaciones muestra un conocimiento del ambiente que señala que los contextos más antiguos de Población Anticura no reflejan la primera exploración del interior del bosque.
Three Enemies of Russia: Dmitrii Galkovskii and Strategies of “Enemification” in Contemporary Russian Nationalism
Authors: Bobrov Ivan Vladimirovich , Mikhailov Dmitry Alekseevich
Published: April 2019

This article focuses on ideological constructions of contemporary nationalism shaped by the influence of Dmitrii Galkovskii. At the dawn of the Russian Internet, Galkovskii’s website, Samizdat, became the birthplace for intellectuals of contemporary Russian nationalism who emerged around Voprosy natsionalizma magazine and the online magazine Sputnik i Pogrom. Enemification strategies described in this article are understood as forms of self-representation of contemporary Russian nationalism. The goal of this article is to characterize one of the ideologies of contemporary Russian nationalism, which serves as a moral justification for some odious manifestations—xenophobia and racism. Three forces are characterized by contemporary Russian nationalists as the most dangerous challenges for the nation: the West, internal enemies, and migrants. Traditional and fundamental anti-Western rhetoric has turned into Anglophobia in the ideology of contemporary Russian nationalism. The most profound evidence might be found in Galkovskii’s conception of the history of international relations. This idea is also used when defining the internal enemy. Caucasians have taken the place of Russian nationalism’s previous main internal enemies, Jews, and are treated as representatives of the British colonial administration. The third enemy of modern Russian nationalism is migrants. They are seen as tools of the degradation policy toward Russians.
Collective Memories and Legacies of Political Violence in the Balkans
Authors: Kienzler Hanna , Sula-Raxhimi Enkelejda
Published: April 2019

This special issue builds on empirical research to provide new insights into the interrelations between collective memory and legacies of political violence in the Balkans. The contributions pay particular attention to two major issues: First, they explore the ways in which individuals and groups respond to and cope with violent pasts by investigating commemorative practices including public performances, narratives, and negotiations of counter-memories. Second, they make explicit how people select and reassemble collective memories through remembering violent pasts to create and disseminate novel forms of identity. Through interdisciplinary lenses, the studies reveal how the legacies of political violence and their lived experience become important means for people to create and mobilize collective memories that are influential enough to shape nationalistic and political realities on the ground. On a theoretical level, the articles demonstrate various ways in which collective memories enable critical discussions around a wider set of issues including national identity, nationalism, making of history, and local power games. By engaging with these concepts, the contributions question dominant framings of past events as they investigate how counter-memories and counter-powers emerge in the process of negotiating established versions of history, official narratives, and hierarchies of power.
“The Sad Secrets of the Big City”: Prostitution and Other Moral Panics in Early Post-Imperial Vienna
Authors: Wingfield Nancy M.
Published: April 2019

So read some of the subheadings in a 14 June 1920 article in the Wiener Montags-Presse, analyzing prostitution in post-imperial Vienna. Many journalists—sometimes, even the same journalists—continued to employ the very vocabulary, “contagion,” “contamination,” and “filth,” in their postwar exposés that they had used in their prewar and wartime reports on prostitution in the Habsburg monarchy. Viennese officials in the newly founded German-Austria (Deutschösterreich) continued to consider tolerated prostitutes a “necessary evil,” arrest women they found engaging in clandestine prostitution, subject them to pelvic examinations for venereal disease (VD), and treat these women as operating outside the bounds of society. In fact, women who practiced prostitution were a long-entrenched part of the female working class. In matters of commercial sex, Austria-Hungary's defeat in the First World War did not constitute a decisive break with the past, but rather a juncture in long-term historical processes, as this analysis of post-imperial Vienna through 1923, when postwar inflation had been tamed, reveals.
A Framework for Aiding the Translation of Scientific Evidence into Policy: The Experience of a Hospital-Based Technology Assessment Unit
Authors: Almeida Nisha D. , Mines Lorraine , Nicolau Ioana , Sinclair Alison , Forero David Felipe , Brophy James M. , Mayo Nancy , Dendukuri Nandini
Published: April 2019

Objectives

Very few practical frameworks exist to guide the formulation of recommendations at hospital-based health technology assessment (HTA) units. The objectives of our study were: (i) to identify decision criteria specific to the context of hospital-based health technologies and interventions, (ii) to estimate the extent to which the expert community agrees on the importance of the identified criteria, (iii) to incorporate the identified criteria into a decision-aid tool, and (iv) to illustrate the application of a prototype decision-aid tool.

Methods

Relevant decision criteria were identified using existing frameworks for HTA recommendations, our past experience, a literature search, and feedback from a survey of diverse stakeholders.

Results

Based on the survey results, twenty-three decision criteria were incorporated into the final framework. We defined an approach that eschewed a scoring system, but instead relied on a visual means for arriving at a final recommendation, by juxtaposing the importance rating for each criterion against the results of the health technology assessment. For a technology to be approved, a majority of criteria considered important should also have received favorable findings.

Conclusions

We created a simple and practical decision-aid tool that incorporates all decision criteria relevant to a hospital-based HTA unit. With its ease of use and accessibility, our tool renders the subjective decision-making process more structured and transparent.
New Barristers’ Information Literacy Challenges as They Transition from Education to the Workplace
Authors: Binsfeld Anne
Published: April 2019

The aim of this qualitative study is to explore new barristers’ information literacy (IL) experiences during their transition from education to the workplace. New barristers are defined as individuals currently doing pupillage or who qualified as professionals in the last two years. Although the transition into work constitutes an important period in new barristers’ legal careers during which they face many IL challenges, so far neither new barristers’ perspectives on their IL experiences nor their transition experiences have been examined in detail. The study employed semi-structured interviews to explore the IL experiences of six new barristers.* This thesis finds that new barristers face a variety of IL challenges and thus have different transition experiences. For them, legal research has emotional implications. As professionals, they have IL needs and experiences that are dissimilar from the ones they developed during their education. This impacts on the content and delivery of IL training for new barristers. The study broadens our understanding of legal IL and new legal professionals’ IL needs. It has implications for law librarians and legal educators as it throws the complexity of new barristers’ workplace IL into relief. Finally, the study offers some recommendations for IL training.
Get on the Scene Like a Tax Machine
Authors: Myer Walter
Published: April 2019

For all his genius as a musician and performer, James Brown never got his head around taxes. His run-ins with the IRS were well documented, at one point leading to a jail sentence. Between recordings and countless live performances, he clearly struggled to keep abreast of his fiscal responsibilities, which begs the question: might a computational system of tax law have helped the Godfather of Soul stay in the IRS's good books?
Janus-Faced Justice? The Role of Legal Technology in the Provision of Access to Justice
Authors: De of City Eleanor
Published: April 2019

The move towards digitisation is a growing global trend and an inescapable reality. But so too is the increasing chasm between rights in law and rights enforced. The advent of legal technology presents exciting opportunities to bridge this gap, but it would be imprudent to assume that this is a symbiotic relationship, or that digitisation necessarily improves access to justice.