bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Respostas do treinamento sensório-motor no equilíbrio e coordenação de crianças com deficiência visual
Authors: Santos Arilene Maria da Silva , Reis Roberta Lillyan Rodrigues , Costa Neto João Alberto , Ferreira Tásia Peixoto de Andrade , Martins Marcelino
Published: September 2018

Introduo : A presena de restries visuais na infncia leva a desvios e difi - culdades nas habilidades sensrio-motoras. Objetivos : Verificar as respostas do treinamento sensrio-motor no equilbrio e coordenao de crianas com defici - ncia visual. Mtodos : Trata-se de um relato de casos no controlado, transversal. A amostra foi composta por duas crianas em idade escolar, com diagnstico oftalmolgico de baixa viso e cegueira total. Foram aplicados o Teste de equil - brio de Berg e o Teste de Coordenao Corporal para Crianas - Bateria de Testes KTK antes e aps 10 atendimentos, durao mdia de 50 minutos, duas vezes na semana. Resultados : Para a Criana 1 observou-se melhora de aproximada - mente 11% para coordenao e 13% no equilbrio; e para a Criana 2 verificou-se aumento de 17% na coordenao, e 6% para o equilbrio. Concluso : O protocolo utilizado trouxe benefcios para o equilbrio e resposta motora destas crianas com deficincia visual.
Adesão às orientações prescritas em domicílio para pacientes com sequela de Acidente Vascular Encefálico
Authors: Garcia Camilla Corrêa , Santos Fernanda Romaguera Pereira dos , Santos Keyla Mara dos , Negri Nubia Berenice
Published: September 2018

Introduo: Aps um acidente vascular enceflico (AVE) pacientes passam por instituies de reabilitao, porm parte da recuperao ocorrer no domiclio. Objetivos: Avaliar a adeso ao programa domiciliar para pacientes com sequelas de AVE. Mtodos: Realizou-se avaliao clnica questionrios em nove indivduos com sequela ps-AVE. Em seguida, foi entregue e explicado o manual de orientaes com exerccios domiciliares. Aps 15 dias realizou-se contato telefnico para enfatizar a importncia do seguimento das orientaes e ao final de 30 dias realizou-se a reavaliao. Resultados: Em treze das dezessete tarefas os pacientes aderiram s orientaes. Em 14 tarefas menos da metade dos pacientes realizou por mais de 80%. As barreiras mais citadas foram: dificuldade, dor e desmotivao. Os facilitadores foram: expectativa de recuperao e manual de orientaes. Concluso: Pacientes com sequela de AVE mostraram baixa adeso s orientaes prescritas em domiclio, no entanto apresentaram melhora em relao mobilidade aps as orientaes da fisioterapia.
Função muscular de membros inferiores e massa muscular em jogadores de futebol
Authors: Queiroz Daniel Da Rocha , Cavalcante Bruno Remígio , Soares Antônio Henrique Germano , Souza Bruna Cadengue Coêlho de , Silva José Raphael Leandro da Costa , Farah Breno Quintella , Lucena Filho Ademar , Ritti Dias Raphael Mendes , Moura dos Santos Marcos André
Published: September 2018

Introduo: No futebol a fora muscular exerce um papel fundamental nas aes tcnicos/tticas realizadas durante uma partida. Objetivo: Investigar a relao entre a funo muscular de membros inferiores e a massa muscular total em jogadores. Mtodos: Dezesseis jogadores realizaram avaliao isocintica concntrica na extenso e flexo de joelhos por membro dominante. Foram realizadas avaliaes antropomtricas e estimativas da massa muscular. Resultados: Foi observado que a massa muscular total apresentou uma relao positiva com o pico de torque (r=0,67, p=0,005; r=0,62, p=0,011), potncia (r=0,59, p=0,017; r=0,60, p=0,015) e funo global (r= 0,59; p= 0,017; r= 0,60; p= 0,013) na extenso do joelho em ambos os membros e no trabalho total (r=0,63, p=0,009) apenas no membro dominante. Nenhuma relao significante foi encontrada na ao de flexo do joelho. Concluso: A relao entre a massa muscular total e as variveis da funo muscular podem ser utilizados como indicadores da capacidade de produo de fora e assimetrias dos membros inferiores em jogadores.
Análise do desenvolvimento motor e da atenção de crianças submetidas a um programa de intervenção psicomotora
Authors: Sá Mariana Vieira de , Lara Simone , Graup Susane , Balk Rodrigo De Souza , Sasso Renata Rosa
Published: September 2018

Introduo: As crianas com atrasos no desenvolvimento motor devem receber aes especficas, visto que os problemas relacionados com o controle do movimento podero perdurar at a fase adulta. Objetivo: Analisar a influncia de uma interveno psicomotora sobre o desenvolvimento motor e os nveis de ateno em crianas com atrasos motores. Mtodos: Foram avaliados 28 escolares de ambos os sexos, de 7 10 anos, com atrasos motores. Antes e aps a interveno, as crianas foram submetidas avaliao motora, dos nveis de ateno, e das dificuldades na escrita. As crianas participaram de 20 sesses de um protocolo incluindo exerccios psicomotores. Para anlise dos dados foi utilizado o teste t pareado e correlao de Pearson. Resultados: Houve melhora nas habilidades motoras avaliadas (0,001), e nos nveis de ateno ps-interveno (0,001). Concluso: O protocolo proposto contribuiu para o desenvolvimento das habilidades motoras e dos nveis de ateno das crianas.
Risco de quedas e qualidade de vida no distúrbio mineral e ósseo da doença renal: estudo transversal
Authors: Bezerra Shirley Dias , Alves Priscila Santos , Maia Tuíra Oliveira , Rocha Lívia Gomes da , Andrade Camila Carolina Alves de , Souza Helga Cecília Muniz de , Marinho Patrícia Érika de Melo
Published: September 2018

Introduo: As anormalidades sseas em doentes renais crnicos tornam-nos mais propensos a fraturas que a populao geral, alm da exposio a eventos clnicos relacionados queda, que podem interferir na qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Avaliar o risco de quedas e qualidade de vida em doentes renais crnicos com distrbio mineral e sseo. Mtodos: Estudo transversal, envolvendo 50 pacientes classificados em dois grupos: baixa remodelao (n=20) e alta remodelao (n=30). Foram registrados dados sociodemogrficos e clnicos, avaliado o risco de quedas (Escala Internacional de Eficcia de Quedas) e a qualidade de vida (Medical Outcomes Study SF-36). Resultados: A prevalncia de risco de quedas entre os pacientes de baixa e de alta remodelao foi 65% e 50% respectivamente, alm de um maior comprometimento do estado geral de sade, avaliado pelo SF-36, nos dois grupos. Concluso: Foi observado risco elevado de quedas com maior comprometimento dos aspectos fsicos relacionados qualidade de vida.
Perfil dos pacientes com fibrose cística atendidos em um hospital universitário de referência de Minas Gerais/Brasil
Authors: Costa Rainna Fontes Gonçalves , Aleixo Andrezza Aparecida , Santana Rízia Silva , Pulici Érica Carolina Campos , Borges-Júnior Laerte Honorato , Azevedo Vivian Mara Gonçalves de Oliveira
Published: September 2018

Introduo: Os avanos no manejo da fibrose cstica (FC) permitiram um aumento significativo da expectativa de vida dos indivduos fibrocsticos Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil epidemiolgico e clnico dos pacientes com FC assistidos no ambulatrio de um hospital universitrio de referncia no tratamento da doena. Mtodos: Por meio da consulta aos pronturios dos pacientes em acompanhamento, foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva, retrospectiva, entre janeiro a agosto de 2015. Resultados: A mdia de idade dos pacientes no perodo da avaliao e a mdia de idade ao diagnstico foram de 10,066,93 e 1,713,28 anos, respectivamente. A maior parte da populao era do sexo feminino, caucasiana, eutrficos, residentes fora do municpio de referncia, possua insuficincia pancretica, apresentava colonizao bacteriana e realizava exerccios respiratrios, conforme orientados no ambulatrio. A mdia do escore de Shwachman-Kulczycki foi de 88,6311,09. Concluso: Este perfil favorvel evidencia que uma boa adeso ao tratamento e a compreenso acerca das orientaes oferecidas pela equipe multiprofissional contriburam para a manuteno do bom estado geral e estabilizao dos sintomas.
Personalistyczne przesłanki edukacji aksjologicznej, czyli jak i po co nauczać o wartościach
Authors: Deja Monika
Published: September 2018

We współczesnym świecie, jak nigdy przedtem, ścierają się ze sobą różne kultury, poglądy, dążenia. Na naszych oczach dokonuje się nie tylko postęp cywilizacyjny i technologiczny, ale zmienia się również podejście do moralności – wartości, które do tej pory były cenione, stają się powoli nieatrakcyjne; zasady, gwarantujące ład społeczny, ustępują miejsca niewłaściwie pojętej tolerancji czy wolności; obserwujemy relatywizację i liberalizację zachowań i stylów życia. Na nowo aktualne staje się zagadnienie wychowania do wartości – co zrobić i jakie wartości należy przekazać wychowankom, by zagwarantować sobie i im, że będą potrafili podejmować trafne decyzje i odnajdą sens swojego życia. Artykuł prezentuje najważniejsze zagadnienia, podejmowane w kontekście problematyki kształcenia aksjologicznego. Przedstawia zarówno definicje i koncepcje wartości, jak i refleksje na temat tego, do jakich wartości powinno się wychowywać następne pokolenia. W opracowaniu znalazł się także opis sposobów i metod, wykorzystywanych podczas wychowywania do wartości.
The Human and the Nothingness
Authors: Sevilla Godínez Héctor ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2018

The reader will find a proposal of anthropological conception derived from philosophically assuming nothingness. The intention of this article is to express nineteen concrete consequences derived from being a committed nihilist in the contemporary world. Among other things, the anthropological conception proposed along these lines is congruent with the fact that man is because of his own nothingness and can only believe that he knows, that he is hurled into the world, that his will is imaginary, and that he is un-created, finite, contingent, timely, and light, without certainties and without sense. The article likewise explains the human need of creating gods and what man lives after knowing himself to be mobile in a world that is inserted simultaneously into chaos and the cosmos.
Battle of the Brand: Independent “American” Universities Abroad
Authors: Long Kyle A.
Published: September 2018

Over the past quarter century, dozens of entrepreneurs, academics, clerics, and politicians around the world have established private colleges that brandish the American name. This surge of activity has irritated the historic standard-bearers of American higher education overseas, who worry that bad faith imposters will sully their hard-earned individual and collective reputations. This article describes the challenges posed by coattail riders and identifies other common problems among independent American universities abroad.
Definitions of Transnational Higher Education
Authors: Wilkins Stephen
Published: September 2018

Transnational higher education involves providers and programs crossing national borders. The providers take a variety of forms, with different ownership structures, objectives, strategies, disciplines, and types of student. The purpose of this article is to identify the different types of transnational education providers, so that these institutions can be categorized and defined. The focus is only on institution mobility, and therefore program mobility—such as distance education, franchised programs, and joint or dual degrees—are outside the scope of the article.
МЕЂУНАРОДНОПРАВНО РЕГУЛИСАЊЕ УПОТРЕБЕ И ЗАШТИТЕ МЕЂУНАРОДНИХ ВОДОТОКА
Authors: Прерадовић Гордана
Published: September 2018

Важност међународних водотока произилазииз њихове вишеструке улоге за заинтересоване државе (двије иливише држава), јер су бројни начини на које се користе воде водот-ока: за пиће, за употребу у домаћинству, за пловидбу, као извор запроизводњу електричне енергије, у индустрији, у пољопривреди, идр. Међународни водотоци ограничавају државни суверенитет, ито на начин да су све заинтересоване државе у обавези да поштујуправо осталих прибрежних држава на несметано коришћење водезаједничког водотока. Стога је циљ овог рада да се прикажу те-мељни принципи управљања и заштите међународних водотока.Радом се настоји приказати колико је до сада учињено, како нарегионалном плану, тако и шире, на кодификацији правила у обла-сти заштите међународних водотока, на начин да ће у краткимцртама бити представљени неки важнији међународни правниакти којима се регулише правична и одржива употреба и зашти-та водотока за које су заинтересоване двије и више држава.
ПРАВНИ СТАТУС ЦРКАВА И ВЕРСКИХ ЗАЈЕДНИЦА У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРБИЈИ - ПОЗИТИВНОПРАВНИ ОКВИРИ И ПИТАЊЕ ВЕРСКЕ РАВНОПРАВНОСТИ
Authors: Матковић Александар
Published: September 2018

у је анализирана материја правног уређивања положаја и међусобног односа цркава и верских заједница на простору Републике Србије. Истраживање је обухватило проучавање Устава Републике Србије, Закона о црквама и верским заједницама, Закона о забрани дискриминације, као и Регистра цркава и верских заједница. Констатовано је да правни поредак Србије гарантује верске слободе, права и верску равноправност, те да законска и подзаконска решења начелно следе уставну концепцију једнакости и верске либералности. Са друге стране, уочена су одређена разилажења између уставних начела и законских одредби, која могу представљати директан или индиректан облик повреде верске равноправности и један од видова легализације и легитимизације дискриминације по верској основи. У томе смислу, примарно су истакнути законско издвајање „традиционалних“ цркава и верских заједница, као и законски изузеци од вршења дискриминације у погледу поступања свештених лица и верских службеника.
SLOW VIRAL INFECTIONS OF SMALL RUMINANTS IN GREECE
Authors: Giadinis Nektarios , Chaintarli Aikaterini , Bojkovski Jovan
Published: September 2018

The slow viral infections are from the most important problems of sheep and goatproduction in Greece. Diseases as enzootic nasal tumor, Maedi-Visna, caprinearthritis-encephalitis, pulmonary adenomatosis and Scrapie can cause significantlosses in sheep and goat flocks. They can be transmitted during grazing or with animalsales. Here are described the clinicopathological findings of the aforementioneddiseases, as well as their diagnosis and control.
Detection and variability analyses of CRISPR-like loci in the H. pylori genome
Authors: Garcia-Zea Jerson Alexander , de la Herrán Roberto , Robles Rodríguez Francisca , Navajas-Pérez Rafael , Ruiz Rejón Carmelo
Published: September 2018

Helicobacter pylori is a human pathogenic bacterium with a high genomic plasticity. Although the functional CRISPR-Cas system has not been found in its genome, CRISPR like loci have been recently identified. In this work, 53 genomes from different geographical areas are analyzed for the search and analysis of variability of this type of structure. We confirm the presence of a locus that was previously described in the VlpC gene in al lgenomes, and we characterize new CRISPR-like loci in other genomic locations. By studying the variability and gene location of these loci, the evolution and the possible roles of these sequences are discussed. Additionally, the usefulness of this type of sequences as a phylogenetic marker has been demonstrated, associating the different strains by geographical area.
Multielement analysis of plant extracts with potential use in the treatment of peptic ulcers by synchrotron radiation total reflection X-ray fluorescence
Authors: Vieira Leticia Diniz , da Silva Káthia Takeda , Giarola Rodrigo Sanchez , Inocente Guilherme Franco , Kushima Hélio , Hiruma Lima Clelia Akiko , Hormaza Joel Mesa
Published: September 2018

Some plants popularly employed for the treatment of peptic ulcers have proved to be attractive sources of new drugs. Despite extensive research, the pharmacological and toxicological potentials of these plants are not fully understood. In this context, the aim of this work was to analyze the multielemental composition of the methanolic extracts of three of those plants, Alchornea glandulosa (AG), Davilla elliptica (DE) and Davilla nitida (DN), with the intention of contributing to the understanding of the mechanisms of action of these extracts. For this purpose, we used the analytical technique of total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) by synchrotron radiation at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Source (LNLS/CNPEM). It was possible to determine the concentrations of the elements: P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb and Br in all of the samples. Selenium (Se) was detected only in the DN extract. An inverse relationship between the concentrations of elements with proven effectiveness and the gastroprotective activity of extracts considering induction protocols with ethanol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was obtained. This data suggests that the function of the extract is not only associated with providing the elements for restoring the gastric mucosa but that it also promotes the displacement of these elements from other parts of the mucosa to the damaged area. Correlations between the concentrations of the elements were also obtained. In the DE extract, which is the most effective extract for both induction protocols, the obtained correlations were above 70% among almost all of the elements, and no anticorrelations were found. For the other two extracts, in the less effective extract (AG) anticorrelations above 70% were predominantly found. Meanwhile, in the DN extract, a few high anticorrelations were found, which may explain its intermediate stage of effectiveness.
Trust and distrust in information systems at the workplace
Authors: Thielsch Meinald T. , Meeßen Sarah M. , Hertel Guido
Published: September 2018

Digitalization of work processes is advancing, and this is increasingly supported by complex information systems (IS). However, whether such systems are used by employees largely depends on users’ trust in these IS. Because there are few systematic studies on this topic, this research provides an initial exploration and validation of preconditions for trust in work-related IS. In Study 1, N = 30 professionals were asked to describe occupational incidents in which they had highly trusted or distrusted an IS. Content analysis of 111 critical incidents described in the in-depth interviews led to 12 predictors of trust and distrust in IS, which partly correspond to the structure of the established IS success model (Delone & McLean, 2003) but also exceed this structure. The resulting integrative model of trust in IS at work was validated in Study 2 using an online questionnaire with N = 179 professionals. Based on regression analyses, reliability (system quality) and credibility (information quality) of IS were identified as the most important predictors for both trust and distrust in IS at work. Contrasting analyses revealed diverging qualities of trust and distrust in IS : whereas well-being and performance were rated higher in trust events, experienced strain was rated higher in distrust events. Together, this study offers a first comprehensive model of trust in IS at work based on systematic empirical research. In addition to implications for theory advancement, we suggest practical implications for how to support trust and to avoid distrust in IS at work.
Deep divergence of Red-crowned Ant Tanager (Habia rubica: Cardinalidae), a multilocus phylogenetic analysis with emphasis in Mesoamerica
Authors: Ramírez-Barrera Sandra M. , Hernández-Baños Blanca E. , Jaramillo-Correa Juan P. , Klicka John
Published: September 2018

Many neotropical species have a complex history of diversification as a result of the influence of geographical, ecological, climatic, and geological factors that determine the distribution of populations within a lineage. Phylogeography identifies such populations, determines their geographic distributions, and quantifies the degree of genetic divergence. In this work we explored the genetic structure ofHabia rubicapopulations, a polytypic taxon with 17 subspecies described, in order to obtain hypotheses about their evolutionary history and processes of diversification. We undertook multilocus analyses using sequences of five molecular markers (ND2, ACOI-I9, MUSK, FGB-I5 and ODC), and sampling from across the species’ distribution range, an area encompassing from Central Mexico throughout much of South America. With these data, we obtained a robust phylogenetic hypothesis, a species delimitation analysis, and estimates of divergence times for these lineages. The phylogenetic hypothesis of concatenated molecular markers shows thatH. rubicacan be divided in three main clades: the first includes Mexican Pacific coast populations, the second is formed by population from east of Mexico to Panama and the third comprises the South American populations. Within these clades we recognize seven principal phylogroups whose limits have a clear correspondence with important geographical discontinuities including the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in southern Mexico, the Talamanca Cordillera, and the Isthmus of Panama in North America. In South America, we observed a marked separation of two phylogroups that include the populations that inhabit mesic forests in western and central South America (Amazon Forest) and those inhabiting the seasonal forest from the eastern and northern regions of the South America (Atlantic Forest). These areas are separated by an intervening dry vegetation “diagonal” (Chaco, Cerrado and Caatinga). The geographic and genetic structure of these phylogroups describes a history of diversification more active and complex in the northern distribution of this species, producing at least seven well-supported lineages that could be considered species.
An overview report on the application of heteropoly acids on supporting materials in the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants from aqueous solutions
Authors: Nikoonahad Ali , Djahed Babak , Norzaee Samira , Eslami Hadi , Derakhshan Zahra , Miri Mohammad , Fakhri Yadolah , Hoseinzadeh Edris , Ghasemi Seyed Mehdi , Balarak Davoud , Fallahzadeh Reza Ali , Zarrabi Mansur , Taghavi Mahmoud
Published: September 2018

Organic pollutants contaminate water resources and the environment when discharged into water streams. Also, the presence of these materials in incompletely treated or untreated wastewater leads to serious environmental hazards. The hydroxyl radicals and holes are regarded as the most oxidant species in the degradation of organic pollutants using the studied composites. The results of this review show that heteropoly acids on supporting materials could be considered as appropriate photocatalysts in the removal of organic pollutant from aqueous solutions.
Flexible Solid‐State Asymmetric Supercapacitors Based on Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Encapsulated Ternary Metal‐Nitrides with Ultralong Cycle Life
Authors: Balamurugan Jayaraman , Nguyen Thanh Tuan , Aravindan Vanchiappan , Kim Nam Hoon , Lee Joong Hee
Published: September 2018

To meet a fast‐emerging demand, flexible energy storage applications have a great interest in the development of highly flexible hierarchical nanoarchitectures. Metal nitrides have recently been paid a significant interest as a promising electrode material for supercapacitors (SCs) owing to their high electrical conductivity, excellent redox properties, and outstanding mechanical strength. However, poor electrochemical stability seriously limits the commercialization possibilities. Herein, a novel strategy is presented for the synthesis of nitrogen‐doped graphene encapsulated with ultrasmall nickel–cobalt nitride (NiCo2N) and nickel–iron nitride (NiFeN) core–shell architectures that are explored as advanced electrodes for flexible solid‐state SC. The flexible NiCo2N@NG//NiFeN@NG asymmetric SC delivers an ultrahigh energy density of ≈94.93 Wh kg−1 at 0.79 kW kg−1, exceptional power density (≈74.67 Wh kg−1 at 39.53 kW kg−1), and ultralong cycle life (≈5.07% drop in initial capacity after 25 000 cycles). These results promote the core–shell hybrids that can be served as advanced supercapacitor materials for flexible energy storage applications.
A Universal Strategy to Design Superior Water‐Splitting Electrocatalysts Based on Fast In Situ Reconstruction of Amorphous Nanofilm Precursors
Authors: Chen Gao , Hu Zhiwei , Zhu Yanping , Gu Binbin , Zhong Yijun , Lin Hong‐Ji , Chen Chien‐Te , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping
Published: September 2018

The development of efficient bifunctional electrodes with extraordinary mass activity and robust stability is an eternal yet challenging goal for the water‐splitting process. Surface reconstruction during electrocatalysis can form fresh‐composition electrocatalysts with unusual amorphous phases in situ, which are more active but difficult to prepare by conventional methods. Here, a facile strategy based on fast reconstruction of amorphous nanofilm precursors is proposed for exploring precious‐metal‐free catalysts with good electronic conductivity, ultrahigh activity, and robust stability. As a proof of concept, an amorphous SrCo0.85Fe0.1P0.05O3−δ (SCFP) nanofilm precursor with weak chemical bonds deposited onto a conductive nickel foam (NF) substrate (SCFP‐NF) is synthesized by utilizing a high‐energy argon plasma to break the strong chemical bonds in a crystalline SCFP target. The quickly reconstructed SCFP‐NF bifunctional catalysts show ultrahigh mass activity of up to 1000 mA mg−1 at an overpotential of 550 mV and extremely long operational stability of up to 650 h at 10 mA cm−2, significantly overperforming state‐of‐the‐art precious‐metal catalysts. Such a strategy is further demonstrated to be a universal method, which can be applied to accelerate the reconstruction of other material systems to obtain various efficient electrocatalysts.
Amorphous‐TiO2‐Encapsulated CsPbBr3 Nanocrystal Composite Photocatalyst with Enhanced Charge Separation and CO2 Fixation
Authors: Xu Yang‐Fan , Wang Xu‐Dong , Liao Jin‐Feng , Chen Bai‐Xue , Chen Hong‐Yan , Kuang Dai‐Bin
Published: September 2018

Artificially photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into valuable chemicals, responding to the call of carbon neutral economy, has aroused considerable interests so far. Among those photocatalysts screened, an emerging and promising alternative of inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite has recently been reported. Here, to attain preferable photocatalytic performance, an amorphous‐TiO2‐encapsulated CsPbBr3 nanocrystal (CsPbBr3 NC/a‐TiO2) hybrid is demonstrated through a solution processing strategy. After optimizing the a‐TiO2 matrix amount by tuning the tetrabutyl titanate precursor volume, the CsPbBr3 NC/a‐TiO2 composite exhibits a marvelous 6.5‐fold improvement on the consumption of photoelectrons in photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction when compared with the individual CsPbBr3 NC. Such significant enhancement is ascribed to the accelerated electron–hole separation and the multiplied CO2 adsorption. Thus, as an available prototype, this work offers a rational encapsulation design for efficient halide perovskite photocatalyst.
Metal‐free Deoxygenative 2‐Amidation of Quinoline N‐oxides with Nitriles via a Radical Activation Pathway
Authors: Xie Long‐Yong , Peng Sha , Liu Fang , Yi Jin‐Yu , Wang Ming , Tang Zilong , Xu Xinhua , He Wei‐Min
Published: September 2018

A metal‐, base‐ and reductant‐free approach for the efficient synthesis of various N‐acylated 2‐aminoquinolines was reported. In this work, readily available nitriles are used as the amide source, and methyl carbazate as both the radical activating reagent and oxygen source. This is the first report on the ester‐radical‐activated highly regioselective addition of nitriles to quinolone N‐oxides. This procedure is expected to complement the current methods for functionalization of N‐oxides via an electrophilic activation mechanism.

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Energy‐Coupling Factor Transporters as Novel Antimicrobial Targets
Authors: Bousis Spyridon , Setyawati Inda , Diamanti Eleonora , Slotboom Dirk J. , Hirsch Anna K. H.
Published: September 2018

In an attempt to find new antibiotics, novel ways of interfering with important biological functions should be explored, especially with those which are necessary or even irreplaceable for bacterial survival, growth, and virulence. The purpose of this review is to highlight B‐type vitamin transporters from the energy‐coupling factor (ECF) family, which are not present in humans, as potential antimicrobial targets. In addition, a druggability analysis of an ECF transporter for folic acid and sequence‐conservation studies in seven prominent pathogens revealed new druggable pockets. Evaluation of the presence of de novo biosynthetic routes for the vitamins in question in the seven pathogens confirmed that this target class holds promise for the discovery of antimicrobial drugs with a new mechanism of action, possibly on a broad‐spectrum level.
An Introduction to Influence Theory: Kinematics and Dynamics
Authors: Knuth Kevin H. , Walsh James L.
Published: September 2018

Influence theory is a foundational theory of physics that is not based on traditional empirically defined concepts, such as positions in space and time, mass, energy, or momentum. Instead, the aim is to derive these concepts, and their empirically determined relationships, from a more primitive model. It is postulated that there exist things, which are call particles, that influence one another in a discrete and directed fashion resulting in a partially ordered set of influence events. The problem of consistent quantification of the influence events is considered. Observers are modeled as particle chains (observer chains) as if an observer were able to track a particle and quantify the influence events that the particle experiences. From these quantified influence events, consistent quantification of the universe of events based on the observer chains is studied. Herein, the kinematics and dynamics of particles from the perspective of influence theory are both reviewed and further developed.
Wide‐Bandpass Filtering Due to Multipole Resonances of Spoof Localized Surface Plasmons
Authors: Zhang Xuanru , Bao Di , Liu Jun Feng , Cui Tie Jun
Published: September 2018

Wide‐bandpass filters are proposed based on multipole resonances of spoof localized surface plasmons (SLSPs). The resonance characteristics and geometric tunability of SLSPs are investigated under simulations and equivalent circuit modeling. Strong coupling with interlayer microstrip lines is proposed to join discrete multipole resonances into a continuous and flat passband. The SLSP filters exhibit wide‐passband features in compact sizes and well‐balanced shapes, while holding satisfactory suppression of spurious passband, group delays, and geometric tunability. This work exposes the SLSP application potential in filters as novel resonators.
The Borole Route to Reactive Pentafluorophenyl‐Substituted Diboranes(4)
Authors: Ge Fang , Tao Xin , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Kehr Gerald , Erker Gerhard
Published: September 2018

The β‐borylborole 3 adds phenylacetylene in a [4+2]‐cycloaddition to give the boryl‐substituted 7‐boranorbornadiene derivative 4 b. Thermolysis (60 °C) results in a rearrangement with B−B coupling to give the tetraaryldiborane(4) 6 b. It splits dihydrogen with cleavage of the B−B bond. With the terminal acetylene 1‐pentyne the diborane(4) compound 6 b undergoes a rare 1,1‐diboration reaction to yield the respective geminal diborylalkene product 14.
IR Signature of Size‐Selective CO2 Activation on Small Platinum Cluster Anions, Ptn− (n=4–7)
Authors: Green Alice E. , Justen Jasmin , Schöllkopf Wieland , Gentleman Alexander S. , Fielicke André , Mackenzie Stuart R.
Published: September 2018

Infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy (IR‐MPD) has been employed to determine the nature of CO2 binding to size‐selected platinum cluster anions, Ptn− (n=4–7). Interpreted in conjunction with density functional theory simulations, the results illustrate that the degree of CO2 activation can be controlled by the size of the metal cluster, with dissociative activation observed on all clusters n≥5. Of potential practical significance, in terms of the use of CO2 as a useful C1 feedstock, CO2 is observed molecularly‐bound, but highly activated, on the Pt4− cluster. It is trapped behind a barrier on the reactive potential energy surface which prevents dissociation.
Impacts of Source Water Blending on Lead Release
Authors: Roth Damon K. , Wagner Jacob R. , Cornwell David A.
Published: September 2018

Historically, corrosion control in the United States for Lead and Copper Rule compliance has focused on treatment to reduce the distributed water's plumbosolvency. Corrosion control treatment (CCT) typically focuses on either control of pH and alkalinity, development and maintenance of Pb(IV) scale under oxidized conditions, or use of orthophosphate‐based corrosion inhibitors. These CCT methods are influenced by source water quality parameters such as pH and dissolved inorganic carbon; thus, CCT can potentially be affected when source waters with different water qualities blend in the distribution system. If portions of the distribution system are exposed to blends of source waters with disparate water qualities, testing may be warranted to determine whether optimal CCT is being maintained where and when blending occurs, especially in transitional periods. This article discusses the theoretical impacts of blending source waters with different water qualities and presents research that was conducted on waters from two utilities to illustrate the potential impacts that source water changes can have on CCT.
Influence of temperature and measurement uncertainty in sustained load testing on bonded fasteners
Authors: Stierschneider Elisabeth , Schwenn Michael , Tamparopoulos Alexios E. , Zeman Oliver , Bergmeister Konrad
Published: September 2018

Sustained load testing on bonded fasteners is used for the long‐term forecast of the fastener displacement behaviour. The application of the Findley law as extrapolation method is an intensively discussed topic. This method uses a power law to forecast the long‐term behaviour. As a result, also the measurement uncertainty from measured displacements and temperature effects are extrapolated over time. Currently sustained load tests for product qualification of bonded fasteners are regulated in the European Assessment Document EAD 330499, in which certain measurement intervals and the required accuracy are defined. Recent improvements in data acquisition lead to possible reductions of measurement intervals in order to make long‐term forecasts more precise. Therefore, measurement uncertainty of the displacement measurement gains importance. Considering this issue, the influence of the measurement device itself, the location of displacement measurement in the test setup and temperature changes are discussed within this contribution.
An adaptive ANN‐based inverse response surface method
Authors: Šomodíková Martina , Lehký David
Published: September 2018

The paper deals with an adaptive artificial neural network‐based inverse response surface method utilized when performing reliability‐based design optimization of complex structural systems. Since calculating their reliability indicators (failure probabilities or reliability indices) is usually a time‐consuming task, the utilization of approximation methods with a view to reducing the computational effort to an acceptable level is an appropriate solution. A popular approximation method is the response surface method, where the limit state function is approximated using a suitable surrogate model. In this case, an artificial neural network is utilized. Construction of a response surface requires all variables of stochastic model to be known in advance. However, during the structural design, which is an inverse task, there are design parameters which are subject of reliability‐based design optimization procedure and thus not known at the start of the process. For such cases, an adaptive inverse response surface procedure is proposed. The procedure is based on a coupling of the adaptive response surface method and the artificial neural network‐based inverse reliability method. The validity and accuracy of the method is tested using example with explicit nonlinear limit state function. Obtained results as well as important aspects of the method are discussed.
Discrete Element simulation of concrete fracture and crack evolution
Authors: Beckmann Birgit , Schicktanz Kai , Curbach Manfred
Published: September 2018

Concrete fracture phenomena and their statistically varying character are investigated in this work. It is the complex processes of failure mechanisms, crack propagation and damage evolution which are specifically investigated rather than to reach a certain maximum load or to investigate the concrete behaviour within a range of safe working loads. In order to go into this matter, a two‐dimensional numerical simulation based on the Discrete Element Method (DEM) is used for the analysis of concrete behaviour under compression load. Crack patterns, crack initiation and damage evolution are analysed. The cracks are discrete just as in real laboratory experiments. The cracks arise due to the interaction of the concrete particle elements and without the predefinition of any crack zones or crack elements. The numerically generated concrete specimens differ in statistically varying positions of the single particles. This corresponds to different specimens of the same batch in real laboratory experiments. In the simulation, different particle generations with the same parameters are calculated. Furthermore, exactly the same particle generations are calculated until ultimate load and failure several times – under lower and under higher loading velocities.
Continuous Virus Inactivation: How to Generate a Plug Flow
Authors: Jungbauer Alois
Published: September 2018

To realize continuous integrated manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals, all steps of production have to be operated in a continuous mode. Virus inactivation is a crucial step in this process, and due to standard procedures and a fixed residence time, it is particularly challenging to realize. Two articles in this issue present possible solutions to this problem.
Risk‐based breast cancer follow‐up stratified by age
Authors: Witteveen Annemieke , Otten Jan W. M. , Vliegen Ingrid M. H. , Siesling Sabine , Timmer Judith B. , IJzerman Maarten J.
Published: September 2018

Although personalization of cancer care is recommended, current follow‐up after the curative treatment of breast cancer is consensus‐based and not differentiated for base‐line risk. Every patient receives annual follow‐up for 5 years without taking into account the individual risk of recurrence. The aim of this study was to introduce personalized follow‐up schemes by stratifying for age. Using data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry of 37 230 patients with early breast cancer between 2003 and 2006, the risk of recurrence was determined for four age groups (<50, 50‐59, 60‐69, >70). Follow‐up was modeled with a discrete‐time partially observable Markov decision process. The decision to test for recurrences was made two times per year. Recurrences could be detected by mammography as well as by self‐detection. For all age groups, it was optimal to have more intensive follow‐up around the peak in recurrence risk in the second year after diagnosis. For the first age group (<50) with the highest risk, a slightly more intensive follow‐up with one extra visit was proposed compared to the current guideline recommendation. The other age groups were recommended less visits: four for ages 50‐59, three for 60‐69, and three for ≥70. With this model for risk‐based follow‐up, clinicians can make informed decisions and focus resources on patients with higher risk, while avoiding unnecessary and potentially harmful follow‐up visits for women with very low risks. The model can easily be extended to take into account more risk factors and provide even more personalized follow‐up schedules.
Variation in Essential Oil Composition, Bioactive Compounds, Anatomical and Antioxidant Activity of Achillea aucheri, an Endemic Species of Iran, at Different Phenological Stages
Authors: Afshari Mahvash , Rahimmalek Mehdi
Published: September 2018

In the present research, the essential oil composition, bioactive compounds, anatomical and antioxidant activity of Achillea aucheri were investigated at four phenological stages. The yield of essential oil ranged from 0.1 % (five leaves appearance stage) to 0.7 % (full flowering stage). So, the oils from the plants harvested at the full flowering stage provided higher essential oil contents than those at other stages. The analysis of the essential oils by GC/MS revealed the presence of a large number of components represented mainly by oxygenated monoterpenes (24.36–77.81 %). The compounds revealed high variation at different phenological stages. The major constituents of A. aucheri were carvacrol (1.07–19.17 %), camphor (5.44–9.99 %), δ‐cadinene (0.20–13.88 %), thymol (2.15–7.80 %), germacrene D (4.50–7.24 %), 1,8‐cineole (1.62–5.54 %) and α‐terpineol (1.71–3.42 %). The total phenolic (51.63 mg tannic acid/g DW) and flavonoid (10.88 mg quercetin/g W) contents were more accumulated at the 50 % flowering stage than others. The results revealed that the accumulation of essential oil in A. aucheri increased as the plant grew from the five leaves appearance stage to the 100 % flowering stage with increasing the size and number of secretory structures. Finally, the extracts collected at the 50 % flowering stage showed the highest antioxidant activity as measured based on FTC and DPPH method with the IC50 values ranging from 719.65 μg/mL to 1039.17 μg/mL for the samples.
Aggression, attributional style, and locus of control among imprisoned migrants from the former Soviet Union
Authors: Fontao Maria Isabel , Ross Thomas
Published: September 2018

Background

In the 1990s, over two million migrants from the former Soviet Union with German ancestry came to Germany, a small number of whom committed offences.

Aim

The aim of this study is to investigate aggression, locus of control, and attributional style in these (male) migrants imprisoned in Germany.

Methods

Three groups of men with German ancestry were compared: 1.36 prisoners migrating into Germany from the former Soviet Union (migrant‐P), 2.31 migrating into Germany from the former Soviet Union without a history of offending (community sample; C), and 3.40 German prisoners with no migration experience (native‐P).

Results

Aggression was high among all prisoners relative to nonoffending migrants. Prisoners tended to be under‐achievers educationally compared with community living migrants. Imprisoned migrants had scores on locus of control and on attribution scales of feeling more influenced by fate and other external factors than had the community migrants, but in a regression model with aggression as the dependent variable and locus of control and attributional style measures as the independent variables, only external attributional style with respect to failure was significantly related to aggression.

Implications

External attributional style appears to be linked to the probability of aggressive behaviours, leading to unlawful acts and imprisonment. Regardless of whether a person has a migration history or not, as attribution of failure among these relatively low‐achieving prisoners was associated with aggression, loosening these attributional tendencies in therapy might help to reduce aggression. Migration per se was not problematic in these respects in this sample.
Upgrading of Biomass Monosaccharides by Immobilized Glucose Dehydrogenase and Xylose Dehydrogenase
Authors: Zdarta Jakub , Pinelo Manuel , Jesionowski Teofil , Meyer Anne S.
Published: September 2018

Direct upgrading and separation of the monosaccharides from biomass liquors is an overlooked area. In this work we demonstrate enzymatic production of gluconic acid and xylonic acid from glucose and xylose present in pretreated birchwood liquor by glucose dehydrogenase (GDH, EC 1.1.1.47) and xylose dehydrogenase (XDH, EC 1.1.1.175), respectively. The biocatalytic conversions were compared using two different kinds of silica support materials (silica nanoparticles (nanoSiO2) and porous silica particles with hexagonal pores (SBA 15 silica) for enzyme immobilization. Upon immobilization, both enzymes showed significant improvement in their thermal stability and robustness at alkaline pH and exhibited over 50 % activity even at pH 10 and 60 °C on both immobilization matrices. When compared to free enzymes at 45 °C, GDH immobilized on nanoSiO2 and SBA silica displayed a 4.5 and 7.25 fold increase in half‐life, respectively, whilst XDH immobilized on nanoSiO2 and SBA showed a 4.7 and 9.5 fold improvement in half‐life, respectively. Additionally, after five reaction cycles both nanoSiO2GDH and nanoSiO2XDH retained more than 40 % activity and GDH and XDH immobilized on SBA silica maintained around 50 % of their initial activity resulting in about 1.5–1.6 fold increase in biocatalytic productivity compared to the free enzymes.
Approach to the Investigation of Nucleosome Structure by Using the Highly Emissive Nucleobase thdG–tC FRET Pair
Authors: Han Ji Hoon , Park Soyoung , Hashiya Fumitaka , Sugiyama Hiroshi
Published: September 2018

A distance‐ and orientation‐factor‐dependent FRET system is a useful and attractive approach to the investigation of the conformational dynamics of nucleosomes. In this study, the application of the highly emissive nucleobase thdG–tC FRET pair to 601 nucleosomes is reported. It was found that the thdG–tC FRET pair was successfully incorporated to 145 bp 601 sequences, and different FRET efficiencies were obtained for the designated donor and acceptor positions in the nucleosome.
Electrochemical Alkynyl/Alkenyl Migration for the Radical Difunctionalization of Alkenes
Authors: Gao Yongyuan , Mei Haibo , Han Jianlin , Pan Yi
Published: September 2018

An efficient electrochemical 1,2‐sulfonylation/alkynylation of alkenes via radical 1,4‐alkynyl migration of alkynyl‐substituted tertiary alcohols is described, which used sodium sulfinates as sulfonyl sources affording the corresponding α‐sulfonyl‐β‐alkynylated products in moderate to excellent yields. This electrochemical reaction proceeds smoothly without the use of any metal catalyst, additive and oxidant and thus represents a new and eco‐friendly strategy for the difunctionalization of unactive olefins, and also the first example of the electrochemical distal radical migration reaction.
Resources of a New Carbon Economy
Authors: Marzi Thomas , Knappertsbusch Volker , Grevé Anna , Deerberg Görge , Doetsch Christian , Weidner Eckhard
Published: September 2018

In order to achieve the two‐degree target agreed by the Paris Climate Change Conference, man‐made carbon input into the atmosphere has to be limited to a quantity not greater than the amount of carbon that can be absorbed by sinks. In addition to the energy system, this also affects important industries such as the steel, cement and chemical industry, whose production structures are essentially based on the processing of fossil carbon compounds. If a net zero emission target really is to be achieved, a system change that includes the fundamentally different management of carbon‐containing raw materials is also essential for these industries. This requires a considerable amount of renewable energy.