bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Diet on Performance in Endurance Sports - Literature Review
Authors: Broda Aleksandra , Hoksa Kacper , Dubniewicz Ewa , Majewska Paula , Staszek Alicja , Łoskot Wiktoria , Szwech Jan , Matczak Mateusz , Jasiński Karol , Jodłowski Krzysztof
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The physical performance of athletes in endurance disciplines is the result of a complex process of the body adapting to prolonged and intense exertion. A significant factor influencing the efficiency of this process is an appropriate diet, which ensures optimal conditions for maintaining performance, recovery, and achieving maximum results during competitions. The diet of an athlete, especially in endurance sports, plays a crucial role in providing adequate amounts of energy, micronutrients, and macronutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, which are necessary to maintain energy levels, especially during prolonged efforts. Proper dietary balance, including an adequate supply of carbohydrates, affects the body's ability to utilize stored energy resources and facilitates post-exercise recovery mechanisms.
Objective: To review available studies on the impact of diet on the physical performance of endurance athletes, analyze the findings, and draw practical conclusions that can be used to create dietary plans for athletes.
Current Knowledge: Athletic performance is the body's ability to perform physical exertion for an extended period without excessive fatigue while maintaining adequate efficiency. It depends on the cardiovascular, respiratory, and muscular systems' ability to deliver energy and remove metabolic by-products. Diet has a significant impact on the body's performance, and both the number of calories consumed and their primary source are critical for athletic achievements
The Role of Physical Activity in Managing Epilepsy in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pysiewicz Wiktoria , Garbarczyk Wiktor , Napieralska Agnieszka , Kapla Albert , Černohorská Alicja , Bednarczyk Daria , Białeta Julia , Siembab Karolina , Rowińska Katarzyna , Jurkiewicz Michalina
Published: February 2025

Epilepsy is one of the most predominant neurological disorders in children and adolescents. It is characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. While pharmacological treatments remain the primary approach for seizure control, non-pharmacological interventions like physical activity (PA) appear as potential complementary strategies for improving health outcomes in pediatric population. This systematic review evaluates the role of physical activity in the management of epilepsy in children and adolescents, focusing on its impact on seizure control, cognitive function, psychological well-being, and overall quality of life. Although the evidence regarding the impact of PA on seizure frequency is limited, regular physical activity has been shown to improve cognitive outcomes, mental health, and general quality of life in children with epilepsy. Safety concerns regarding PA of children with epilepsy are discussed. Further research among the pediatric population is needed, since PA might play an important role alongside conventional therapies in managing epilepsy in children and adolescents.
Effective Treatment Strategies for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Czerska Magdalena Agata , Wójcik Zofia Martyna , Kamińska-Omasta Katarzyna , Omasta Bartosz , Krupa Olga , Pietrukaniec Paulina Dorota , Romańczuk Kuba Borys , Furtak Kinga , Stolarczyk Szymon Przemysław , Rybak Daria
Published: February 2025

Introduction
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder marked by insulin resistance and insufficient insulin production. It affects millions globally, with 537 million adults diagnosed in 2021, a prevalence that has doubled from 7% in 1990 to 14% in 2022. This rise imposes a significant burden on individuals, healthcare systems, and economies.
Aim of the Study
This study aims to provide an overview of therapeutic management for type 2 diabetes, focusing on pharmacological treatments and their integration with lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise, to improve outcomes and reduce complications. 
Materials and Methods
The study reviews literature and clinical guidelines on managing type 2 diabetes, emphasizing pharmacological treatments like insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents, and newer therapies. It also examines the role of diet and physical activity in controlling blood glucose and preventing complications. Data sources include peer-reviewed articles and health organization publications from the past ten years, targeting adults aged 18 and older. 
Summary
Type 2 diabetes remains a global health challenge with rising prevalence. Effective management requires a combined approach of pharmacological therapies and lifestyle modifications, underscoring the importance of early intervention to reduce complications and improve outcomes.
Jan Ruszkowski (1884-1951) – okulista i współtwórca Polskiego Wydziału Lekarskiego w Edynburgu
Authors: Grzybowski Andrzej , Pactwa Katarzyna
Published: February 2025

W poniższym artykule przedstawiono biografię polskiego okulisty, Jana Ruszkowskiego (1884-1951), oraz dokonano podsumowania jego dorobku naukowego. Jan Ruszkowski ukończył studia medyczne na Uniwersytecie w Kijowie w 1910 r. Następnie swoje życie zawodowe związał z Kliniką Okulistyczną Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. Do momentu wybuchu II wojny światowej opublikował liczne prace i znacząco przyczynił się do rozwoju okulistyki w Polsce. Jego działalność medyczna i naukowa koncentrowały się na lepszym poznaniu patogenezy oraz metod leczenia jaskry. Po 1939 r. emigrował z Polski i rozpoczął pracę na Polskim Wydziale Lekarskim w Edynburgu. Ruszkowski dzielił się swoją wiedzą i doświadczeniem, kształcąc młodą kadrę lekarską dla Wojska Polskiego w okresie II wojny światowej. Do końca życia pozostał w Anglii i pracował w Instytucie Medycznym w Londynie.
Przejrzystość i targetowanie reklamy politycznej w prawie Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Dudzik Sławomir
Published: February 2025

The aim of the article is to analyze and assess the effectiveness of actions taken by the European Union in recent years to counteract disinformation and various forms of manipulation of public opinion, with particular emphasis on the legal provisions adopted in 2024 regarding transparency and targeting of political advertising. The paper focuses primarily on substantive legal solutions, leaving aside organizational and procedural issues. It indicates that the provisions of Regulation 2024/900 strengthen the protection of the EU citizens’ rights, especially towards international media companies operating in the political advertising market and with the political entities themselves. They also create additional safeguards against external interference in EU elections and referendums. The degree of transparency of political advertising required by the provisions of Regulation 2024/900 was assessed positively. However, there are concerns about the possibility (limited) of using targeting techniques and advertising delivery using sensitive data in political advertising in Regulation 2024/900.
Celebryta jako autorytet
Authors: Kochan Marek
Published: February 2025

CELEBRITY AS AUTHORITY: CASE STUDY OF CREATING PERSONAL MEDIA AUTHORITY
The topic of this article is the figure of personal authority created in media. The author discusses different concepts of real (genuine, traditional etc.) personal authority and media (false, fake, pseudo) personal authority. Then the process of creating media personal authority is described: one of the methods is publishing the results of surveys about the issue. The research part of the article is devoted to the publication of Pudelek (a gossip website) entitled Which celebrity is the personal authority for the Poles. One name reigns. (THE SURVEY) and the comments at the discussion forum below the article. 581 posts from the forum are analyzed to examine the reaction of Pudelek’s audience for the act of creating the personal authorities and to discover the main dimensions of the personal authority perception as described in the readers’ comments. Five dimensions are discovered and described: Expertise, Communication skills, Morality, Attitude to the Community and Success. The common model of personal authority is surprisingly close to the concepts discussed in scientific papers. The author concludes that even the readers of Pudelek, the gossip website, are skeptical about the media personal authorities.
Przekład poetycki a komunikacja międzykulturowa (polskie tłumaczenie poezji Aco Szopowa)
Authors: Kawka Maciej
Published: February 2025

POETIC TRANSLATION AND INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION. (POETRY OF ACO ŠOPOV IN POLISH)
In his poems, Aco Šopov creates a new poetic world, hitherto unknown and hermetic for many. His poetic speech is filled with visionary imagery and symbols from the native land. The poet evokes archetypes in which feelings and collective experiences are transferred and an image of a surreal reality, existing beyond the laws of logic, reason, moral and aesthetic norms is formed. Aco Šopov’s visionary poems – rich in unusual and original metaphors, and allegorical images – offer the reader an extraordinary experience – a fascinating poetic insight into the Macedonian language, which in a hitherto unknown and revelatory way reveals its universal value in the context of unexpected threats.
Wyniki ankiety na temat bezpieczeństwa w sieci
Authors: Janda Barbara
Published: February 2025

RESULTS OF A SURVEY ON ONLINE SAFETY
The aim of this article is to present the voice of the young generation regarding online safety. To this end, a questionnaire survey was conducted among the students of the S. Staszic Secondary School No. 1 in Chrzanów. The young people were confronted with questions about online threats, Internet addiction, online hate, and the sense of online safety among the youth and older people. The students also participated in a discussion on virtual safety during which they expressed their thoughts, views and observations with reference to the results of the survey. The author of the article presents the results of the survey along with the students’ utterances. Young people are aware of the dangers of the virtual world, and they emphasize the need to educate the society in this area with more effective tools.
Differences between healthcare practitioners' and patients' perceptions of IBD and its causative factors
Authors: Duff Alexa , Dawson Patrick , Pavilidis Polychronic , Mawdsley Joel
Published: February 2025

Background:

Illness perceptions influence the experience that patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have, as well as their engagement with their disease management, quality of life and adherence to medication. Differences have been found in the perceptions that healthcare professionals (HCPs) and patients have about IBD.

Aims:

To explore the illness perceptions and causes of IBD held by patients and HCPs, and to compare the differences between the two groups.

Methods:

Patients attending a specialist IBD psychology clinic were asked to complete a nine-item questionnaire about their illness perceptions and the perceived causes of their disease. A questionnaire about illness perceptions and causes was circulated among HCPs from two NHS IBD centres.

Findings:

There were significant differences between the perceptions of HCPs and patients about the impact and options available regarding the causes and treatment of IBD. There were similarities and differences in perceptions of causality.

Conclusions:

Good communication between patients and HCPs is necessary to bridge the gap between perceptions regarding IBD and ensure good engagement with healthcare teams and treatment.
Case report on comprehensive nursing care for a patient with a stoma
Authors: Reis da Silva Tiago Horta
Published: February 2025

This case study explores the nursing process for a 67-year-old male patient, Mr B. Mr B lives with a stoma following a total colectomy because of ulcerative colitis. The assessment phase identified key issues, including anxiety about lifestyle changes, impaired skin integrity and deficient knowledge regarding stoma care. Nursing diagnoses were formulated based on these findings, emphasising the patient's psychological and physical challenges. Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Time-Bound (SMART) goals were established to reduce anxiety, improve skin integrity and enhance the patient's knowledge of stoma management within a 4-week timeframe. Interventions included providing emotional support, comprehensive education on stoma care, appropriate product recommendations and regular monitoring. These interventions were rationalised to ensure holistic and effective care. The evaluation phase confirmed the success of the interventions, with the patient reporting reduced anxiety, improved skin condition and increased confidence in managing their stoma. This case study underscores the importance of a structured nursing process in addressing both the physical and emotional needs of patients living with a stoma, highlighting the role of personalised care plans in promoting patient wellbeing and independence. The study provides a practical framework for nurses to enhance the quality of life for patients facing similar challenges.
Exploring outcomes of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes following strokes, when the decision for insertion was made in a patient's best interest
Authors: Gibson Elizabeth , Murandu Moses
Published: February 2025

Background:

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube insertion decisions can be complex in incapacitated stroke patients, resulting in poor patient survival rates following the procedure.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to calculate the average length of survival of stroke patients with a PEG when a best interest decision (BID) was made, compared with when the patient consented (CS).

Method:

All PEGs inserted between 2020–2022 in an NHS Foundation Trust which serves 45 000 people in the West Midlands were identified through a review of electronic records. Collated data were analysed using SPSS software.

Findings:

Some 36 PEG procedures were performed in the study period, 16 CS and 20 BID (equalling 55.56% incapacitated stroke patients). CS patients had a mean survival of 271.3 days (P=0.001, standard deviation (SD) 138) and BID patients 245.8 days (P=0.001, SD 141.3), giving a 25.6-day difference. An effect size Cohen's d analysis with Hedges' correction for BID with lower correction was 0.98 (CI 95%), and for CS it was 1.04 (CI 95%). When using the upper interval data it was 2.33 BID (CI 95%) and for CS it was 2.66 (CI 95%).

Conclusions:

BID PEG tube insertions in incapacitated stroke patents demonstrated shorter survival times than in stroke patients able to consent to their PEG procedure.
Top tips for caring for women living with inflammatory bowel disease during pregnancy
Authors: Janiszewski Helen
Published: February 2025

Helen Janiszewski discusses the essential recommendations made by Janiszewski et al (2024) , a multi-professional group of experts, regarding inflammatory bowel disease, maternity care and the role of the midwife.
Nurse endoscopist-facilitated colonoscopy training for resident doctors: a Danish perspective
Authors: McGeer John , Petersen Tina
Published: February 2025

Tina Petersen and John McGeer discuss the development of a nurse endoscopist-led colonoscopy training programme in Denmark, highlighting the associated barriers, successes and potential repeatability in other European locations.
Liver nursing in 2025: what next for associations and networks?
Authors: Caddick Katharine , Backhouse Dianne , Eldred Sue , Joshy Teesha , Snowden Katrina
Published: February 2025

This article provides an overview of recent initiatives and meetings spearheaded by the British Liver Nurses' Association, leading organisations, associations and networks that operate in the liver nursing space.
Hypertension: A guide to rational prescribing
Authors: Nazarko Linda
Published: February 2025

Linda Nazarko outlines ways to prescribe antihypertensives and improve compliance
Is this the end of obesity?
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: February 2025

Mark Greener looks at a new generation of treatments that have been called ‘miracle drugs’
AVALIAÇÃO DE MATURIDADE EM GERENCIAMENTO DE PROCESSOS DE NEGÓCIO EM UM INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Fontes Daniela Amorim , Argoud Ana Rita Tiradentes Terra
Published: February 2025

O gerenciamento de processos de negócio possibilita o alcance de melhores resultados para as organizações. Por meio de uma avalição de maturidade, identificam-se lacunas e direcionam-se ações para o aprimoramento dos processos das organizações. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o grau de maturidade em gerenciamento de processos em um setor de um instituto federal de educação. O trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir de uma pesquisa aplicada, exploratória, qualitativa, com as técnicas de revisão bibliográfica e estudo de caso, utilizando o instrumento de coleta do modelo Process and Enterprise Maturity Model (PEMM), resultando num grau de maturidade P0, indicando que os processos do setor ainda não atingiram uma forma confiável e previsível, funcionando de forma irregular. A instituição precisa centrar esforços no desenvolvimento de seus processos, avançando no desenho de cada processo, capacitando executores, definindo responsáveis, investindo em um sistema integrado de suporte aos processos e definindo indicadores.
DESAFIOS AO MODELO DE GESTÃO DE UM CENTRO DE PESQUISA E DESENVOLVIMENTO ESTRUTURADO NA RELAÇÃO UNIVERSIDADE-EMPRESA
Authors: Monteiro Letícia Orselli , Montoro Stela Basso , Santos David Ferreira Lopes
Published: February 2025

A necessidade de ampliar e consolidar Centros de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento estruturados na relação universidade-empresa é um tema na agenda de profissionais de mercado, universidades e formuladores de políticas públicas. Há uma lacuna teórica-empírica que apresenta estruturas de modelo de gestão para estes ambientes de inovação. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o modelo de gestão de um Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento estruturado na relação universidade-empresa no Brasil. Utilizou-se o método qualitativo para analisar os dados obtidos em entrevistas, observação e análise documental. A análise de conteúdo foi utilizada com recursos de análise de similitude e frequência de palavras. Os resultados revelam que o modelo de gestão baseado em governança, sustentabilidade e criação de valor é necessário para a autossuficiência e a evolução do caso investigado. Transferir o foco dos resultados da pesquisa para os stakeholders e mensurar o impacto da pesquisa são os desafios para estas organizações.
GREETINGS FROM THE NEW EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Authors:   Department of Simulator Studies and Aeromedical Training, Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Warsaw, Poland, Lewkowicz Rafał
Published: February 2025

The current issue of the Polish Journal of Aviation Medicine, Bioengineering and Psychology (PJAMBP) is the first edition overseen by a new editorial team, with Dr. Rafal Lewkowicz taking over as the Editor-in-Chief.
REASONS FOR FAILED EJECTIONS IN THE POLISH AIR FORCE IN THE YEARS 1951-2021
Authors:   Air Accident Investigation Laboratory, Department of Psychophysiological Measurements and Human Factor Research, Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Macander Marian
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The primary task of an ejection seat is to help the pilot safely exit an inoperable aircraft. The factor that ejects the seat from the aircraft cockpit is a powder charge or rocket engine. Injuries sustained by the crew during catapulting depend on several factors, including, but not limited to, the sequence of ejection times and the speed of the decision. Most modern military jets are equipped with rocket ejection systems. The TS-11 “ISKRA” aircraft, equipped with a powder charge ejection seat, was in use by the Polish Air Force until 2022. The present study was undertaken by the author to analyze the causes of failed ejections in the Polish Air Force between 1951 and 2021.

Methods: The author created a medical form based on a serious airplane accident. He analyzed all the ejections, studying the minutes of the commissions investigating aviation accidents between 1951 and 2021. The data received were entered into a form and then statistically analyzed. The author set out to determine the relationship between the characteristics of the ejection process and the types of injuries sustained by ejecting pilots. The results were analyzed for various injuries with a special focus on fatal injury cases.

Results: Analysis included approval of 281 completed forms from severe aviation accidents between 1951 and 2021. The rate of failed ejections was 25.27% of the total. It ranks among the highest in military aviation compared to other such studies. The most important factor hindering safe ejecting was deciding to leave the aircraft cockpit too late.

Discussion and Conclusion: The ejection seat has saved the lives of thousands of aircrews since its introduction in the 1940s. Using it is generally a safe life-saving measure. However, a number of factors may cause potential damage during ejection. These include the rapidity of the pilot's decisions, the task at hand, the aircraft's position, flight altitude or weather conditions.
BIOMEDICAL IMAGE FUSION USING DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM
Authors:   Łukasiewicz Research Network – Krakow Institute of Technology, The Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Krakow, Poland, Sobotnicka Ewelina , Richter-Laskowska Monika ,   Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Chorzow, Poland
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Medical imaging involves creating images of physiological and pathological changes occurring in the human body using various types of specialized methods. The purpose of diagnostic imaging, among other things, is to assess the size, shape of the internal structure and function of various internal organs. There are no universal imaging methods that effectively combine anatomical, functional, or size and differentiation information of tissues or objects in the visualized image. Images obtained by the various imaging techniques reveal different types of diagnostic information. The post-processed images are displayed in a variety of dedicated tools that facilitate their interpretation. It is often the case that the image is displayed in different sequences, photo by photo. Unfortunately, situations arise where the first image differs from the previous one, and the structure analyzed in it is shifted. To prevent such phenomena, image fusion is carried out during processing. It guarantees to improve the quality of the information contained in the set (whole projection) of images of a given anatomical structure. The article is an attempt to discuss the application of the discrete wavelet transform in biomedical image processing. The main task of the ongoing work was to combine images from different sequences showing the same structure. As a result of pre-processing, images with high spatial resolution were obtained, which in further processing steps can be used to analyze the features of objects in the analyzed images.
Blurry Borders and Identities in Mohsin Hamid’s The Reluctant Fundamentalist
Authors: Hein Annelise
Published: February 2025

Abstract: This essay explores the viability of developing non- dualistic identities in a globalized world that imposes neo- imperialistic hierarchies like old/new, east/west, oppressed/oppressor, and terrorist/terrorized. Incorporating theories of the contact zone, translocality, and contemporary coloniality, I analyze how Mohsin Hamid’s The Reluctant Fundamentalist (2007) blurs the division between past and present and shows how seemingly distant spaces like Pakistan, the United States, and Chile are all connected. Although it has often been interpreted as a post-9/11 novel, The Reluctant Fundamentalist challenges linear spatiotemporal structures that lend themselves to neat conclusions. This article approaches Chile as a turning point, where the nation-bound mindset foregrounded in the beginning of the novel gives way to an alternative way of thinking about interconnectedness. Yet this paradigm shift is narrated through a monologic form that makes it impossible to determine if the novel endorses the idea of a stable identity or prefers one that changes constantly. By not resolving this interpretive dilemma, The Reluctant Fundamentalist envisions a liminal political self that challenges neo-imperialism by oscillating between then and now, here and there.
Frostbite Injuries in Chicago's Unsheltered Population
Authors: Lewer Owen , Singler Cassandra , Wong Emily , McGinnis Danielle , Nguyen Theresa
Published: February 2025

Abstract: People experiencing unsheltered homelessness (PEUH) have an increased risk of frostbite injury, which can be a dangerous and debilitating condition. Our study aims to determine the prevalence, incidence, and impact of frostbite in the unsheltered population in Chicago and nearby suburbs. We administered a survey at a Chicago Transit Authority metro station in suburban Cook County to assess the frequency of frostbite injury and the circumstances surrounding frostbite in this community. Our results demonstrated that frostbite is both common (incidence rate (IR) =1271.67 cases of frostbite per 100,000 life-years (LY)) and highly morbid (IR=46.24 amputations per 100,000 LY) in PEUH in Chicago. We hope to include more street medicine partners to raise awareness about the impact of frostbite injury in the unsheltered population and advocate for improved emergency preparedness plans during the cold winter season.
Livestock production losses attributable to brucellosis in northern and central Tanzania: Application of an epidemiological-economic modelling framework
Authors: Mendes Ângelo J. F. , Haydon Daniel T. , de Glanville William A. , Bodenham Rebecca F. , Lukambagire AbdulHamid S. , Johnson Paul C. D. , Shirima Gabriel M. , Cleaveland Sarah , McIntosh Emma , Hanley Nick , Halliday Jo E. B.
Published: February 2025

Livestock brucellosis is an endemic disease in many low-resource settings. Despite its widespread distribution, little is known about the scale of economic impacts caused by the disease. This study aimed to develop an integrated epidemiological-economic modelling framework to estimate production losses attributable to livestock brucellosis, using Tanzania as a case study. Data on livestock production and prevalence of exposure to Brucella spp. were obtained from surveys conducted in northern and central Tanzania between 2013 and 2019. A clustering algorithm was applied to classify households into pastoral and non-pastoral production systems. A Bayesian latent-class analysis model was applied to derive livestock brucellosis prevalence estimates. A herd-growth model was used to estimate production losses attributable to brucellosis. A total of 1,541 households (384 classified as pastoral and 1,157 as non-pastoral) contributed data on livestock production or prevalence of exposure to Brucella spp. The median (95% uncertainty interval, UI) individual-level brucellosis prevalence in cattle, sheep, and goats was 5.1% (3.4–6.9), 1.3% (0.1–3.0), and 2.5% (0.3–4.8) in the pastoral system, and 0.7% (0.1–1.6), 1.6% (0.2–3.8), and 2.5% (0.3–4.9) in the non-pastoral system, respectively. The median (95% UI) annual losses attributable to brucellosis in cattle, sheep, and goats, per infected animal, were 74.4 (26.2–211.7), 9.7 (3.4–23.1) and 10.6 (3.7–25.0) international dollars (int. $) in the pastoral system, and 62.3 (16.8–228.6), 6.3 (1.8–17.1) and 7.0 (2.2–17.9) int. $ in the non-pastoral system, respectively. Household-level losses were equivalent to 4.4% (2.1–8.8) and 0.6% (0.2–1.6) of the median (95% UI) livestock-derived income in the pastoral and non-pastoral systems, respectively. This study did not capture the system-wide impacts of brucellosis, including on human health. The estimated losses are only a part of the full societal economic impact of the disease. These results can be used to inform cost-benefit analyses of potential interventions and guide policy development for brucellosis control.
Whole metagenome sequencing and 16S rRNA gene amplicon analyses reveal the complex microbiome responsible for the success of enhanced in-situ reductive dechlorination (ERD) of a tetrachloroethene-contaminated Superfund site
Authors: Reiss Rebecca A. , Guerra Peter A. , Makhnin Oleg , Kellom Matthew
Published: February 2025

The North Railroad Avenue Plume (NRAP) Superfund site in New Mexico, USA exemplifies successful chlorinated solvent bioremediation. NRAP was the result of leakage from a dry-cleaning that operated for 37 years. The presence of tetrachloroethene biodegradation byproducts, organohalide respiring genera (OHRG), and reductive dehalogenase (rdh) genes detected in groundwater samples indicated that enhanced reductive dechlorination (ERD) was the remedy of choice. This was achieved through biostimulation by mixing emulsified vegetable oil into the contaminated aquifer. This report combines metagenomic techniques with site monitoring metadata to reveal new details of ERD. DNA extracts from groundwater samples collected prior to and at four, 23 and 39 months after remedy implementation were subjected to whole metagenome sequencing (WMS) and 16S rRNA gene amplicon (16S) analyses. The response of the indigenous NRAP microbiome to ERD protocols is consistent with results obtained from microcosms, dechlorinating consortia, and observations at other contaminated sites. WMS detects three times as many phyla and six times as many genera as 16S. Both techniques reveal abundance changes in Dehalococcoides and Dehalobacter that reflect organohalide form and availability. Methane was not detected before biostimulation but appeared afterwards, corresponding to an increase in methanogenic Archaea. Assembly of WMS reads produced scaffolds containing rdh genes from Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, Dehalogenimonas, Desulfocarbo, and Desulfobacula. Anaerobic and aerobic cometabolic organohalide degrading microbes that increase in abundance include methanogenic Archaea, methanotrophs, Dechloromonas, and Xanthobacter, some of which contain hydrolytic dehalogenase genes. Aerobic cometabolism may be supported by oxygen gradients existing in aquifer microenvironments or by microbes that produce O2 via microbial dismutation. The NRAP model for successful ERD is consistent with the established pathway and identifies new taxa and processes that support this syntrophic process. This project explores the potential of metagenomic tools (MGT) as the next advancement in bioremediation.
Risk and outcomes of healthcare-associated infections in three hospitals in Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, 2022: A longitudinal study
Authors: Hema Arsène , Somé Satouro Arsène , Kaboré Odilon , Sanou Soufiane , Poda Armel , Meda Ziemlé Clément , Ouedraogo Abdoul Salam , Savadogo Léon
Published: February 2025

Background

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are one of the most common adverse events in healthcare and represent a major public health problem. The present study was conducted to analyze the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of HAIs through active surveillance in three hospitals in the city of Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.

Methods

A prospective, longitudinal, multicenter study was conducted from May 1 to November 30, 2022, in two district hospitals (Do and Dafra) and the Sourô Sanou Teaching Hospital (CHUSS), Burkina Faso. Consenting patients hospitalized for reasons other than infection, cancer, immunosuppression in the postoperative care ward of Do or of Dafra district hospitals, intensive care unit (ICU)/CHUSS, neonatal ward/CHUSS, and gynecology and obstetrics postoperative care ward/CHUSS during a 2-month inclusion period in district hospitals and 4 months for CHUSS wards. For this study, we used the operational definitions of the French Technical Committee for Nosocomial Infections and Healthcare-associated Infections, with slight modifications. Logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors of HAIs.

Results

Of the 664 patients enrolled, 166 experienced an HAI, with a cumulative incidence rate of 25% (95%CI: 21.7%–28.3%) or an incidence density rate of 36.7 per 1000 patient-days (95% CI: 31.7–42.9). Surgical site infections (SSI) (44%), followed by neonatal infections (42%) were the most common HAIs. Enterobacterales represented 60% of the bacteria identified in HAIs, and 38.9% of them were extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers. Factors associated with HAIs were admission in the neonatal ward (aOR = 6.6; 95%CI:1.1–40.2), ICU (aOR = 3.3; 95%CI:1.3–8.5), previous hospital stay longer than two days (aOR = 2.0; 95%CI:1.2–3.3), or male sex (aOR = 1.8; 95%CI:1.1–3.0). In addition, HAIs were associated with longer follow-up, hospitalization, and mortality (18.1%; 95% 95%CI:12.1–24.4). Deaths were only recorded in the ICU and neonatal ward, with case fatality rates of 45.4% (95% 95%CI: 27.5–63.4) and 21.4% (95% 95%CI: 11.6–31.3), respectively, p = 0.019.

Conclusions

The incidence of HAIs was relatively high in the three hospitals in Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. It is essential to implement rigorous protocols for patient management, to reduce the incidence of HAIs and the spread of resistant pathogens in general and Enterobacterales in particular.
Landscape conservation and orchard management influence carob tree yield through changes in pollinator communities
Authors: Gómez-Martínez Carmelo , González-Estévez Miguel A. , deCastro-Arrazola Indradatta , Unglaub Peter , Lázaro Amparo
Published: February 2025

Worldwide pollinator declines are a major problem for agricultural production. However, understanding how landscape characteristics and local management influence crop production through its pollinators is still a challenge. The carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua) is a pollinator-dependent Mediterranean crop of high economic importance in food and pharmaceutical industries. To understand how crop production can be enhanced in a sustainable manner, we evaluated the effects of landscape (habitat loss) and orchard local management (farming system: conventional vs. ecological; male-to-female ratio) on pollinator communities and crop production using data on 20 carob tree orchards across Mallorca Island (Spain). We found that orchards surrounded by a greater proportion of natural landcover received more visits by wild bees and butterflies and fewer by honeybees. Overall pollinator abundance was slightly higher in ecological than conventional orchards, but the difference was not significant. High male-to-female ratio enhanced overall pollinator abundance and shaped pollinator composition, by increasing hoverfly abundance and decreasing wasp and fly abundance. Male-to-female ratio showed hump-shaped relationships with fruit and seed production per female tree (peak at 0.7 males/female), although this quadratic relationship was lost when the most male-biased orchards were removed from the analyses. Total orchard production maximized with 25-30% of males. Seed weight (farmer’s highest economic value) increased in conserved landscapes where wild pollinators prevailed, and with overall pollinator abundance; however, it decreased with male-to-female ratio, likely due to seed number-size trade-offs. Management strategies to enhance carob production may optimize sex ratios and favor wild pollinators by preserving natural landscapes.
Geriatrics as a specialty: Insights from Mexican medical students’ decision-making process
Authors: Gómez-Moreno Carolina , Vives-Varela Tania , Gulias-Herrero Alfonso , Ávila-Funes José Alberto , Pérez-Méndez Ayari , Sánchez-Mendiola Melchor , Gutiérrez-Cirlos Carlos
Published: February 2025

Main objective

To identify the elements associated with the decision to select or reject geriatrics as a medical specialty in Mexico.

Methods

Qualitative, with the focus group technique to obtain data. Two groups included students who rejected geriatrics, regardless of the specialty they chose, and two groups included students who chose geriatrics, interviews via Zoom were conducted. Data was analyzed qualitatively based on grounded theory.

Results

Thirty-four students were included in the final sample (52% women), mainly from the Central region of the country (44%). Students were mainly in their last year of medical school (97%). Previous experiences with older patients and older close relatives, both positive and negative, were important in choosing the specialty of geriatrics for most students. In contrast, personality, and interpretation of the experiences as good or bad was the main differentiator between groups. For those who did not choose geriatrics, the main factor was the lack of knowledge regarding contents, aims, and professional opportunities for geriatricians. Previous experiences with geriatric care influenced positively towards choosing geriatrics as a medical specialty. High-quality, structured exposure to geriatrics should be encouraged among medical students in order to increase knowledge and eventually interest in the specialty.
Loss of ING4 enhances hematopoietic regeneration in multipotent progenitor cells
Authors: Anderson Georgina A. , Hernandez Marco , Quinde Carlos Alfaro , Thompson Zanshé , Binder-Blaser Vera , Taylor Alison M. , Kathrein Katie L.
Published: February 2025

Despite its critical role in survival, many aspects of hematopoiesis remain unresolved. In the classical model of the hematopoietic program, quiescent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) sit at the top of the hematopoietic hierarchy, with the ability to self-renew and differentiate as needed. HSCs give rise to more proliferative progenitor cells, which possess multipotent potential, but have largely or completely lost self-renewal capabilities. Here, we have identified the tumor suppressor, Inhibitor of Growth 4 (ING4), as a critical regulator of multipotent progenitor (MPP) homeostasis. In the absence of ING4, we show that MPPs express a transcriptional program of hematopoietic activation, yet they remain quiescent with low levels of reactive oxygen species. Functionally, ING4-deficient MPPs are capable of robust regeneration following competitive bone marrow transplantation, resulting in substantially higher blood chimerism compared to wild-type MPPs. These data suggest ING4 deficiency promotes a poised state in MPPs, quiescent but transcriptionally primed for activation, and capable of converting the poised state into robust repopulation upon stress. Our model provides key tools for further identification and characterization of pathways that control quiescence and regeneration in MPPs.
The political economy of reshoring: Evidence from the semiconductor industry
Authors: Clark Richard , Kreps Sarah , Rao Adi
Published: February 2025

States have increasingly taken steps to reshore manufacturing by shifting production back home from abroad. Although the literature on responses to globalization is increasingly robust, scholars tend to focus on the political consequences of economic dislocations, the effectiveness of government policies intended to roll back globalization, and the macroeconomic consequences of such policies. Our research is among the first to study public attitudes toward reshoring, including the basis of support, demographic variation, and sensitivity to factors like consumer prices. We advance hypotheses about the role of national security considerations and economic self-interest in shaping why and under what conditions the public backs incentives and investments that bring manufacturing home. We field two pre-registered survey experiments to representative samples of the American public, finding that US citizens support reshoring in most cases, irrespective of political party. Only the prospect of severe price increases and reshoring from geographically proximate allies moderate these responses. Our findings advance literatures on reshoring and public attitudes toward economic relationships, with implications for policy as governments consider reshoring a range of industries from technology to pharmaceuticals.
Evaluating elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI; Trikafta™) for treatment of patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFBE): A clinical study protocol
Authors: Swenson Colin E. , Hunt William R. , Manfredi Candela , Beltran Diana J. , Hong Jeong S. , Davis Brian R. , Suzuki Shingo , Barillá Cristina , Rab Andras , Chico Cynthia , Dangerfield Joy , Streby Ashleigh , Barton Erin , Cox Elizabeth M. , Stecenko Arlene A. , Westbrook Adrianna , Kapolka Rebecca , Sorscher Eric J.
Published: February 2025

Background

Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFBE) is a disease that exhibits dilatation of airways, airflow obstruction, persistent cough, excessive sputum production, and refractory respiratory infections. NCFBE exhibits clinical and pathological manifestations similar to key features of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. In CF, pathogenesis results from dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), and diagnosis is made by demonstrating elevated sweat chloride concentrations (typically ≥60 mEq/L), two CFTR mutations known to be causal, multi-organ tissue injury, or combination(s) of these findings.

Objective

Based on a considerable body of evidence, we believe many patients with NCFBE have disease likely to benefit from drugs such as elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) that activate CFTR-dependent ion transport. ETI is currently prescribed solely for treatment of CF and has not been adequately tested or proposed for patients with NCFBE, many of whom exhibit decreased CFTR function. Accordingly, we are conducting a clinical trial of ETI in subjects carrying a diagnosis of NCFBE.

Methods

Participants will exhibit one disease-causing CFTR mutation and/or sweat chloride measurements of 30–59 mEq/L. Cutaneous punch biopsy or blood samples will be obtained for iPS cell differentiation into airway epithelial monolayers–which will then be tested for response to ETI. Each patient will be given CFTR modulator treatment for approximately four weeks, with monitoring of clinical endpoints that include FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second), sweat chloride, quality of life questionnaire, and weight. The study will evaluate response of patients with NCFBE to ETI, and test usefulness of iPSC-derived airway epithelial monolayers as a novel in vitro technology for predicting clinical benefit.

Trial registration

This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier: NCT05743946. Date: 02/23/2023).
NOTCH1 promotes the elevation of GM-CSF and IL-6 through the EZH2/STAT3 pathway to facilitate the fibrotic state of the myocardium in DLBCL
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Dong Wen , Zhang Lihong , Ma Bing , Wang Jianying , Shen Yang , Zhao Dan , Yin Wanyi , Li Yuexian , Liu Qingchi
Published: February 2025

Objective

Investigate the role of the Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 (NOTCH1) signaling pathway in Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)-related heart pathogenesis.

Methods

Utilize R (version 4.2.1) to retrieve DLBCL and myocardial infarction datasets from the GEO database, normalize data with limma, perform differential analysis and GO analysis with GOplot, and visualize findings with ggplot2. Various assays were conducted including stable cell line construction, myocardial infarction modeling, imaging, Western Blot, ELISA, staining, and functional assays.

Results

Significant gene expression and pathway disparities were found between DLBCL and myocardial infarction samples. NOTCH1, The molecules named Recosomal-binding protein 70 (RBP-J), zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EZH2), trimethylated histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3), Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 3 (STAT3) and Jumonji domain containing-3 (JMJD3) matters a lot in DLBCL. NOTCH1 inhibition decreased DLBCL cell proliferation and activity, reduced inflammatory factors, and improved myocardial fibrosis and infarction severity. NOTCH1 inhibits Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) expressions depending on STAT3 and EZH2. Co-culturing with DLBCL cells increased fibroblast proliferation, invasion, and fibrosis.

Conclusion

NOTCH1 signaling influences DLBCL development and myocardial infarction severity through the EZH2/STAT3 pathway, leading to increased heart fibrosis.
Anxiety among pregnant women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Melesse Hanna , Shifraw Tigest , Berhane Yemane
Published: February 2025

Background

Anxiety is one of the most prevalent mental health problems during pregnancy which result in various maternal and newborn complications affecting the health and well-being of the mother and the baby. In countries like Ethiopia, anxiety among pregnant women was not well explored, limiting the development of informed interventions. Thus, this research aims to assess the magnitude of anxiety and associated factors among pregnant women visiting ANC at public health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Method

We conducted an institutional-based cross-sectional study. Pregnant women who visited antenatal care (ANC) from April 1–14, 2021, were recruited from seven public health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire by trained data collectors. Poisson regression with a robust error variance estimate was used to calculate the prevalence ratio to identify the associated factors; the results were presented with an adjusted prevalence ratio (APR) and a 95% CI.

Result

A total of 323 pregnant women were recruited from the ANC clinics of public health centers in Addis Ababa. The overall prevalence of anxiety disorder was 12.70%, 95% CI (9.00%–16.10%). The prevalence risk of anxiety was higher among women who reported unplanned pregnancy compared to those who had planned pregnancy (APR 1.99, CI 1.04–3.81), and being single was associated with a higher prevalence risk than being married (APR 2.29, CI 1.14–4.59).

Conclusion

More than 1 in 10 women had anxiety during pregnancy. The prevalence of anxiety was about two-fold higher among single mothers and among mothers who had an unplanned pregnancy. The study suggests the importance of integrated mental health assessment and services in regular antenatal care, with an emphasis on identifying and caring for women at a disadvantage due to social and obstetric factors.
Retrospective and statistical analysis of hand and forearm injuries in the Silesian pediatric population – study of post-traumatic X-rays in 2022
Authors: Machnikowska-Sokołowska Magdalena , Ciekalski Marcin , Szymańska Iga , Mordarski Jakub , Gruszczyńska Katarzyna
Published: February 2025

Background and objectives

Upper limb injuries are a common occurrence in the pediatric demographic, particularly wrist injuries, which constitute a noteworthy subset. Fractures involving the forearm, wrist, and phalanges are recurrent reasons prompting visits to emergency departments. This investigation endeavors to offer a comprehensive insight into hand and forearm fractures within the pediatric cohort, delineating data across various age groups, gender distributions, and fracture location.

Materials and methods

This study involved data from the reports of 834 post-traumatic wrist X-ray examinations conducted in 2022 at the Department of Diagnostic Imaging of the Upper Silesian Child Health Centre. The analysis included bone injuries, the age and gender of the child, the nature of the lesions, and anatomical location of the injury. The study group consisted of 327 girls and 511 boys, who were on average 11.4 ±  3.6 and 12.0 ±  3.8 years old, respectively.

Results

There were 273 single fractures and 66 multiple fractures in the study group. The highest number of fractures were recorded in the metacarpal bones (29,2%), among which the fifth meta-carpal bone was the most frequently injured (14,5%). The second most common fracture was in the forearm (28,9%). There were 55 phalangeal fractures in the study group (16,2%).

Conclusions

The risk of fractures is statistically highest among boys, peaking at 12 years of age. The metacarpal bones and the radius are most susceptible to fractures. The likelihood of fractures in the right and left hand is similar in females, whereas males are more likely to sustain injuries to the right hand.