bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Missing Data With Ecological Momentary Assessment Among People Who Use Drugs: Feasibility Study Using Pilot Study Data (Preprint)
Authors: Markowski Kelly L , Smith Jeffrey A , Gauthier G Robin , Harcey Sela R
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is a set of research methods that capture events, feelings, and behaviors as they unfold in their real-world setting. Capturing data in the moment reduces important sources of measurement error but also generates challenges for noncompliance (ie, missing data). To date, EMA research has only examined the overall rates of noncompliance.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we identify four types of noncompliance among people who use drugs and aim to examine the factors associated with the most common types.

METHODS

Data were obtained from a recent pilot study of 28 Nebraskan people who use drugs who answered EMA questions for 2 weeks. We examined questions that were not answered because they were skipped, they expired, the phone was switched off, or the phone died after receiving them.

RESULTS

We found that the phone being switched off and questions expiring comprised 93.34% (1739/1863 missing question-instances) of our missing data. Generalized structural equation model results show that participant-level factors, including age (relative risk ratio [RRR]=0.93; P=.005), gender (RRR=0.08; P=.006), homelessness (RRR=3.80; P=.04), personal device ownership (RRR=0.14; P=.008), and network size (RRR=0.57; P=.001), are important for predicting off missingness, whereas only question-level factors, including time of day (ie, morning compared with afternoon, RRR=0.55; P<.001) and day of week (ie, Tuesday-Saturday compared with Sunday, RRR=0.70, P=.02; RRR=0.64, P=.005; RRR=0.58, P=.001; RRR=0.55, P<.001; and RRR=0.66, P=.008, respectively) are important for predicting expired missingness. The week of study is important for both (ie, week 2 compared with week 1, RRR=1.21, P=.03, for off missingness and RRR=1.98, P<.001, for expired missingness).

CONCLUSIONS

We suggest a three-pronged strategy to preempt missing EMA data with high-risk populations: first, provide additional resources for participants likely to experience phone charging problems (eg, people experiencing homelessness); second, ask questions when participants are not likely to experience competing demands (eg, morning); and third, incentivize continued compliance as the study progresses. Attending to these issues can help researchers ensure maximal data quality.

CLINICALTRIAL
An Investigation Into the Use of mHealth in Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Agnew Jonathon M R , Hanratty Catherine E , McVeigh Joseph G , Nugent Chris , Kerr Daniel P
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Musculoskeletal physiotherapy provides conservative management for a range of conditions. Currently, there is a lack of engagement with exercise programs because of the lack of supervision and low self-efficacy. The use of mobile health (mHealth) interventions could be a possible solution to this problem, helping promote self-management at home. However, there is little evidence for musculoskeletal physiotherapy on the most effective forms of mHealth.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this review is to investigate the literature focusing on the use of mHealth in musculoskeletal physiotherapy and summarize the evidence.

METHODS

A scoping review of 6 peer-reviewed databases was conducted in March 2021. No date limits were applied, and only articles written in the English language were selected. A reviewer screened all the articles, followed by 2 additional researchers screening a random sample before data extraction.

RESULTS

Of the 1393 studies, 28 (2.01%) were identified. Intervention characteristics comprised stretching and strengthening exercises, primarily for degenerative joint pain and spinal conditions (5/28, 18%). The most reported use of mHealth included telephone and videoconferencing calls to provide a home exercise program or being used as an adjunct to physiotherapy musculoskeletal assessment (14/28, 50%). Although patient satisfaction with mHealth was reported to be high, reasons for disengagement included a lack of high-quality information and poor internet speeds. Barriers to clinical uptake included insufficient training with the intervention and a lack of time to become familiar.

CONCLUSIONS

mHealth has some benefits regarding treatment adherence and can potentially be as effective as normal physiotherapy care while being more cost-effective. The current use of mHealth is most effective when ongoing feedback from a health care professional is available.
La paix en tant que norme de droit fondamental dans la culture constitutionnelle colombienne
Authors: Calle Meza Melba Luz
Published: September 2021

La crise de la violence historique en Colombie a conduit à la nécessité d’avancer dans la construction dogmatique de la signification de la paix et de ses implications pour le droit constitutionnel colombien. Afin d’approfondir sur ce sujet, on examinera la théorie kantienne de la Paix Perpétuelle, l’évolution de la perspective du contenu de la paix en tant que droit international ; le débat de la paix comme un droit collectif ou fondamental dans l’ordre juridique colombienne et l’application du droit à la paix dans l’accord de paix final avec les FARC-EP et dans la justice transitionnelle en Colombie ; permettant de considérer le respect de la paix en tant que norme de droit fondamental dans la culture constitutionnel colombienne.
Internet, redes sociales y libertad de expresión
Authors: Calcaneo Monts Mauricio Augusto
Published: September 2021

El texto expone y explica las implicaciones que para la libertad de expresión tiene el surgimiento de la regulación proveniente de las empresas de redes sociales. Lo que adquiere relevancia ante la implosión del Internet y su concentración en algunas redes sociales, que en esa medida controlan la libertad de expresión en línea de sus millones de usuarios alrededor del mundo. La regulación de la libertad de expresión en el siglo XXI es un triángulo, donde los sujetos están sometidos a la normatividad estatal propia del siglo XX y a las reglas de las empresas de redes sociales. Es un cambio en los cimientos de la libertad de expresión, que requiere de una amplia reflexión sobre su significado, alcances y los ajustes jurídicos requeridos, donde cobra importancia la propuesta de aplicar el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos a la regulación empresarial de la libertad de expresión en Internet.
Los contornos constitucionales de la legítima defensa: a propósito de las acciones de inconstitucionalidad 1/2018 y 85/2017
Authors: González Alcántara Juan Luis , Vite Torres Horacio , Rivera León Mauro Arturo
Published: September 2021

La Suprema Corte se pronunció recientemente sobre la constitucionalidad de reformas a la legítima defensa efectuada por diversas entidades federativas en el caso mexicano, que explícitamente permiten la causación de daños tasados, incluyendo la muerte del agresor. La Suprema Corte concluyó que tales disposiciones resultan constitucionales. En el presente artículo se analizan los contornos constitucionales de la legítima defensa en la Carta Magna mexicana y se examina de forma crítica la resolución de la Suprema Corte. Se propone una postura alternativa que cuestiona la validez constitucional de tales normas.
Breve reconstrucción histórica del surgimiento de la Hacienda Pública en la Constitución del Estado de México
Authors: Ramos-Medina Sonia Elizabeth
Published: September 2021

El objetivo propuesto se centra en trazar una breve reconstrucción histórica del surgimiento y estado actual de la Hacienda Pública desde la primera Constitución del Estado de México. El análisis confirma la mutabilidad de la HP cuya tradicional separación funcional ha ido paulatinamente sustituyéndose hasta extinguirse. Se identifican momentos clave en la evolución de los estudios jurídicos en la materia hasta llegar finalmente a la supresión de los apartados de la Constitución dedicados a estos fines.
Cybersecurity and E-commerce in Free Trade Agreements
Authors: Becerril Anahiby
Published: September 2021

We are facing a digital age characterized by constant flows of goods and services, financial assets, people, information and communication. As a consequence, the world economy is increasingly connected, and digitalization has spread to such an extent that today’s world economy is a digital one, which has come to break down commercial barriers that the traditional economy and politics were unable to. Security and trade policy concerns are nothing new. However, given the electronic nature of commercial transactions (e-commerce), this has taken on a new and urgent importance. Cyberspace is a space of flows, a virtual space that grows every day with the transactions that take place through the use of ICT. Governments of many countries have begun to develop cybersecurity strategies, while trying to promote the benefits of a hyperconnected and cyber-enabled world. This article analyzes how e-commerce policies promote the protection of cyberspace. Specifically regarding e-commerce, care must be taken so that the cybersecurity strategy does not become an obstacle or constraint to such electronic transactions. The protection of cyberspace must be carried out with a multi-stakeholder approach. These issues are also of public interest since threats to cyberspace can affect entire countries and societies.
The State of Emergency as an Instrument to Overcome Organized Crime and Vigilantes: A Comparative Study of Michoacán and Guerrero
Authors: Betancourt Higareda Felipe Carlos , Uribe Arzate Enrique
Published: September 2021

In the period of 2009-2014, organized crime subjected all kinds of political authorities and benefited from impunity throughout Mexico, especially in Michoacán and Guerrero. This circumstance provoked a grave constitutional crisis since these authorities were meaningfully overridden and were not able to properly enforce the rule of law in these regions. These phenomena brought about the rise of self-defense groups from local civil societies, as a desperate measure to protect their most fundamental rights from ruthless crime. However, this uprising deepened the constitutional crisis, already experienced in these regions due to the calamitous activities of criminal organisations, because it implied the complete absence of the Mexican state to restore legal order. The present article argues that a formal declaration of emergency by the Mexican President, with the official approval of the Mexican Congress, would have solved efficiently the constitutional crisis that Michoacán, Guerrero and other regions were going through in this period, and would have competently discouraged the expectations of the local people to relay on vigilantes as their last resort to guarantee their fundamental rights in the face of organized crime. This argument is based on archive research, testimonies of people uploaded in video documentaries, the Mexican Constitution, the International Human Rights Law, the doctrine of constitutional dictatorship of Clinton Rossiter, and the legal doctrine on balance and deliberation of Robert Alexy.
Review of the International Patent System: From the Venice Statute to Free Trade Agreements
Authors: Córdova González Claudia Angélica , Chávez Elorza Mónica Guadalupe
Published: September 2021

The current international patent system emerged within certain economic, political and social conditions in specific territories and periods. It has its historical roots in the Statute of Venice (1474), the Statute of Monopolies (1624), the United States Patent Law (1790), the French Patent Law (1791) and the Paris Convention (1883). Over time, these laws shaped a new model, which currently prevails. To strengthen the analysis of this article, the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (1994), as well as free trade twentieth century agreements are integrated into the discussion. It is worth noting that each amendment stressed the economic relevance of the patent and its use to benefit certain economic elites through the creation of monopolies. Consequently, the debate on the purposes and nature of the international patent system has also been constant from its emergence to the present. This article provides basic elements for reflection about the origin, purposes and scope of national patent models implemented in Latin America within the global trend of scientific-technological innovation for development.
Use of Sawdust- Biochar Amended Wood Pulp as A Substrate for Container Cultivation
Authors: M Mithuna
Published: September 2021

Abstract: Soilless substrates have many advantages over soil based system as they provide optimal conditions for plant growth when compared to soil-based agricultural practices. Different substrates are currently being used as support to the root system of plant. Substrates can be organic such as peat, bark, bagasse, sawdust, rice hulls, wood chips, etc. They can be inorganic mineral based such as sand, gravel, perlite, and stone wool slab. As the second phase of an earlier work by one of the authors on softboard as a novel wood fibre-based substrate for hydroponic systems, the present study was carried out to explore the effects of biochar amendment to wood pulps (or pulp wastes generated from fiberboard factories), on seed germination and seedling growth of Green gram (Phaseolus aureus) crop. The study also included a comparison of seedling growth in hardwood pulp and softwood pulp and to select the most suitable one for container cultivations. Keywords: Sawdust, biochar, wood pulp, green gram, container cultivation
A Great Approach for Medium Size Hospital Network Infrastructure Architecture
Authors: Dev Kankan
Published: September 2021

Abstract: To get first-hand experience for setting up a network infrastructure in a medium size hospital to manage the patient’s services, check-ups, follow-up plans from different parts of the hospital primes and store the data into the secured and safe manner in the database and use the data whenever required from the management team for their references. The network architecture based on the concept of the Three- layer network architecture combination of Mesh topology & Bus topology taking into the consideration of the primary data security, remote access to the network, size of the hospital organization, cost-effective, user-friendly and most importantly scalability required in the network architecture for future changes based on the size of the database, utilization of applications remotely, and for security of the data, changing technology etc. The goal of any network architecture is to protect the DATA from any attacks both internally and externally. For internal DATA security it is protected through various user permissions in different layers in the network for the end users. For Outside threat VPN tunnel, Policies, traffic filtering configured at the firewall level. Keywords: HIS-Hospital Information System, VPN- virtual private network tunnel, VLAN- Virtual LAN, HL7- Health Level Seven International, L3- Layer 3, ISP- Internet service provider
Use, Knowledge and perception About Ketogenic Diet Amongst University Students from Medical and Health Sciences Faculties
Authors: Altamimi Mohammad , Badrasawi Manal Mahmoud , Khalid Bayan
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the use, knowledge and perception amongst medical students at An-Najah National University.
Methods: a cross-sectional study has been followed to collect data from students of Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences using electronic questionnaire in October 2020. The questionnaire was consisted of 5 sections regarding; sociodemographic variables, dietary information, usage of KD, knowledge and perceptions toward KD. Differences between KD users and non-users and with associations to knowledge and perceptions were statistically analysed using Chi square. While independent samples t-test and ANOVA test were conducted to examine the differences for the total score of the KD knowledge.
Results: Total respondent were 227 students with 71.8% were females. The mean age was 20Â±3 and ranged from 18â€“24-year-old. More than half of the participants have used a kind of diet mainly for weight management with only 7.5 % were using KD for an average of 6 months, half of the students referred to social media as a source of nutritional information while  only 25.6% of the participants has attended nutrition related courses at the university. Overall, the studentsâ€™ knowledge regarding KD was low 3.4 Â±3.6 out of 15. However. Faculty of Medicine, third and fourth year of study, KD-user and overweight/obese students have scored significantly higher. The majority of the participants have viewed KD as not easy to be followed and need medical supervision. The relationship between the knowledge score and the perception items has shown significant differences in all perception items. Meaning that positive perception has improved as knowledge has increased.
Conclusion: the results have confirmed that knowledge amongst medical students with regard to KD was low. Sociodemographic variables were not associated with the knowledge scores however, having attended a nutrition course has improved both the knowledge and perception towards KD. Similar studies are warranted to implement nutritional courses in medical curriculum.
Prevalence of Hyponatremia in admitted patients in Oncology teaching hospital
Authors: Jasim Saba Mahdi , Faisal Zaineb , Rasheed Huda A.
Published: September 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate determination of hyponatremia prevalence in admitted patients in Oncology teaching hospital.
Methods: 6 months cross sectional study of hyponatremia prevalence done in Oncology ward in Medical city, patients (105) who were admitted for more than three days with different types of malignancies, and causes of admission, were investigated for serum sodium, Blood urea, random blood sugar, urinary Na. (single measurement) and compared to S.Na level of control (135) of non-caner individuals with same exclusion criteria. 
Results: The prevalence of hyponatremia in admitted patient was 43.7%, compared to 0.73% in control group.
Conclusion: the prevalence of hyponatremia in Oncology teaching hospital / Medical city ward was higher than previous studies (done in international cancer centres), hyposmolarhyponatremia prevalence is almost similar to previous studies.
Antimicrobial activity of crude henna extract against Gram-positive bacteria
Authors: Ibrahim Samira M. S. , Rasool Chiman S. , Al-Asady Asaad Ab.
Published: September 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effect of ethanolic extract of local Basra henna leaves on Gram-positive bacteria species. Also, to assess the antibacterial properties of henna crude extract in vitro and compare them with antibiotics. 
Methods:  In this study, Lawsonia inermis (henna) leaves were extracted with ethanol using the solvent extraction technique. The pathogens were isolated from wound samples obtained from hospitalized patients in two different hospitals in Duhok city. The culture of thirty isolates had been recognized by routine methods. Different concentrations of ethanol crude extract were acquired and bio-assayed in vitro to inhibit the growth of five human pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria. Agar well diffusion assay was used for achieving henna antibiotic activity. Moreover, an antibiotics susceptibility test was done by the disk diffusion method using the Muller-Hinton agar medium. 
Results: The growth of all tested bacteria was suppressed to various degrees by increasing the concentration of the extract. The data has revealed that Staphylococcus aureus was more sensitive than other examined isolates, where the diameter zone of inhibition was ranging from 16-27, 14-25, and 8-18 mm for Staphylococcus epidermidis, Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus pneumonia respectively. The antimicrobial activity of henna extract indicates that it is suitable for being used as significant certain medications. Consequently, henna is active to serve as an anti-bacterial agent against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria. 
Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity of henna extract indicates that it is suitable for being used as significant certain medications. Consequently, henna is active to serve as an anti-bacterial agent against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
Case study of COVID 19 from August to end of December 2020 in Babylon, Iraq
Authors: Abbood Muhanad Hadi , Hassan Jabbar Sirhan , Mehammed Aqeel Jassim
Published: September 2021

Objectives: The aim of study is to study Case study of COVID 19 in Babylon Province in Iraq. Method: In January 2021 we started searching for the official source for the numbers of people infected with COVID19 within the borders of Babylon Governorate, where the Babylon Health Department was reviewed, and after that we were directed with official authorization to the Public Health Department in Babylon Governorate / Department of Communicable Diseases / Respiratory Diseases Unit (weekly periodic visit). Where the official numbers were obtained for the number of infected people and the number of deaths that occur due to complication with this infection, as well as the number of recovery cases from the date of 01/08/2020 to 01/01/2021. Results: related to the number of infected cases we see decrease the no. of infected with corona virus in Babylon Governorate from beginning the study to become lest at the end of 2020 with the significant decrease (P < 0.05) (The highest infected cases were notices in first month (1/8 â€“ 31/8) while the lowest cases were seen in last month (1/12 â€“ 31/12)) that may be due to: The main cause may be the most people may have gained herd immunity or population immunity, is the indirect protection from an infectious disease that happens when a population is have immunity developed through previous infection, that may refer to the end of first wave of this pandemic which start from the June. Conclusion: Knowing the pathogenesis of the virus and risk factors, increasing the experience of doctors and working cadres, increasing clinical capacity, providing specialized treatments, increasing the number of ICU beds, in addition to increasing the number of respiratory ventilators and increasing the number of tests.
Emotionalisation of contemporary media discourse: A research agenda
Authors: Zappettini Franco , Ponton Douglas Mark , Larina Tatiana V.
Published: September 2021

This special issue continues the discussion of the role of emotion in discourse (see Russian Journal of Linguistics 2015 (1) and 2018, 22 (1)) which, as testified by the burgeoning body of literature in the field, has become more prominent in different spheres and contexts of public life. This time we focus on emotionalisation of media discourse. We highlight the intensification of emotions in media and, showcasing contributions from international authors, critically reflect on constructions, functions and pragmatic purposes of emotions in media discourse. Our aim is to investigate emotions in the media from semiotic, pragmatic and discursive perspectives against the contemporary socio-political background in which traditional notions concerning the role of media are being noticeably changed. In this introductory article, we also put forward an agenda for further research by briefly outlining three main areas of exploration: the logics of media production and reception , the boundaries of media discourse, and the semiotic resources deployed to construct emotionality . We then present the articles in this issue and highlight their contributions to the study of linguistic representations of emotions. We then summarise the main results and suggest a brief avenue for further research.
Markers of emotionality in Russian news coverage of the 75-th anniversary of WWII Victory
Authors: Dobrosklonskaya Tatiana G.
Published: September 2021

The article explores how emotionality is manifested in the news texts covering politically sensitive topics, using as the case study coverage of the 75th anniversary of WWII Victory in news programmes of the Russian TV Channel One, Russia TV and RT. Proceeding from the key theoretical assumption of medialinguistics defining media texts as an integral unity of verbal and media components, the author singles out and analyzes markers of emotionality at both - language and media levels, paying special attention to lexis and the way it is supplemented by illustrations and video footing. The analysis of the news flow is based on the information model, which allows to structure the process of news formation according to the following stages - selection of events for news coverage, interpretation of facts, shaping images, forming stereotypes and cultural-ideological context. The goal of the study was to identify markers of emotionality and analyze how emotionality affects the interpretation and the perception of facts, paying special attention to realization of the category of broadcasting style defined as the tone of voice, or tonality news media use when addressing their audience. Conceiving emotionality as both explicitly manifested and implicitly present quality, the study singles out its three types as represented in the analyzed media texts - 1) specific pretentious style, used by newsreaders and commentators to stress the dignity and solemnity of the event; 2) deliberate affectation disguised as emotionality on the part of news anchors while presenting topically sensitive news items; 3) emotionality as spontaneous display of sincere emotions observed in interviews, dispatches of correspondents and commentaries of the participants of the events. The results of the study could serve as a basis for further analysis of emotionality markers in different types of media discourse, including news, commentary and debate on politically sensitive issues in traditional media and social networks.
Review of Rodney Jones (ed.). 2021. Viral Discourse Cambridge Elements in Applied Linguistics Cambridge University Press. ISBNs: 9781108986625 (PB), 9781108986465 (OC)
Authors: Al-Salman Saleh
Published: September 2021

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Tecnologias educacionais no cuidado às crianças com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1: síntese do conhecimento
Authors: Costa Jefferson Dantas da , Marques Keila Maria de Azevedo Ponte , Frota Kairo Cardoso da , Oliveira Luciane Silva
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to identify the synthesis of scientific knowledge about the contribution of educational technologies in the care of children with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. This is an integrative review conducted in June and July 2020 in the MEDLINE, LILACS, and BDENF databases of articles from 2015 to 2019. After adopting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, eight articles were selected. The educational technologies used were digital platforms, educational workshops, case simulations, poster, and educational booklet. We identified limitations of studies with validation of technologies that addressed themes such as physical activity, healthy eating, and coping with psychosocial situations. The importance of the nursing team's performance was identified in educational interventions run in a playful and creative way, including parents and caregivers during the process.
POTENCIALIDADES E LIMITAÇÕES DA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA NO ENSINO REMOTO: O EFEITO PANDEMIA NO COMPONENTE CURRICULAR
Authors: Miragem Antônio Azambuja , Almeida Luciano de
Published: September 2021

O presente ensaio traz uma reflexão teórico-conceitual sobre as possibilidades de enfrentamentos realizados pela Educação Física Escolar nesse período de ensino remoto. Para isso, valoriza e ressignifica o lugar e o saber da experiência para o quem se ensina (sujeito da experiência), uma vez que este não pode ser universalizado, devido ao seu caráter de historicidade. A perda do lócus tradicional para a práxis pedagógica em Educação Física, substituído pelo espaço abstrato viável do aluno, nos desvela uma janela de renovação dos processos de ensino e aprendizagem em nosso campo de tematização. Concluímos que, para além do objeto, as intencionalidades pedagógicas e o conjunto “como, quando e onde ensinar” são questões indissociáveis que exigem o nosso protagonismo enquanto docentes da/na condição do ensino remoto. Disso é fundamental a compreensão de que não há possibilidade de substituição do tempo e espaço aula e que este é condição elementar da experiência.
Predicting the distribution of vulnerable fishing cat Prionailurus viverrinus in Nepal
Authors: Mishra Rama , Iongh Hans de , Leirs Herwig , Lamichhane Babu Ram , Subedi Naresh , Kolipaka Shekhar
Published: September 2021

The fishing cat Prionailurus viverrinus is a wetland specialist endemic
to South and Southeast Asia. Nepal represents the northern limit of its
biogeographic range, but comprehensive information on fishing cat
distribution in Nepal is lacking. We compiled fishing cat occurrence
records (n=154) from Nepal, available in published literature and
unpublished data (2009 – 2020), to assess their distribution.
Bioclimatic and environmental variables associated with their occurrence
were used to predict the potential fishing cat range using MaxEnt
modeling. Fishing cat distribution was influenced by elevation,
precipitation of the warmest quarter (18_bio), precipitation of the
driest month (14_bio) and land cover. Wetlands and forest cover were
the important predictors of fishing cat distribution. The model
predicted an area of 4.4% (6,679 km2) of Nepal as potential habitat for
the fishing cat. About two third of the predicted potentially suitable
habitat lies outside protected areas, however a large part of the highly
suitable habitat (67%) falls within protected areas. The predicted
habitat map serves as a reference for future investigation into fishing
cat distribution as well as formulating and implementing effective
conservation programs for fishing cats in Nepal. Fishing cat
conservation initiatives should include habitats both inside and outside
the protected areas to ensure long-term survival. We recommend
conservation of wetland sites, surveys of fishing cats in the identified
potential habitats, and study of their genetic connectivity and
population status.
Operative intervention for a central pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm
Authors: Singh Abhinav , Lin Yihan , Pal Jay
Published: September 2021

Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms are a rare but potentially lethal
diagnosis. They can be further categorized by etiology or location and
are typically successfully treated with endovascular therapies. However,
they occasionally require operative intervention. Here, we present a
case of a patient who presented with a central pulmonary artery
pseudoaneurysm on CT scan with unclear etiology that was initially
treated with conservative management. However, this was noted to have
rapid enlargement on interval imaging necessitating urgent surgical
intervention. The patient underwent a median sternotomy, anterior
pulmonary artery arteriotomy for exposure, exclusion of the posterior
artery pseudoaneurysm with a bovine pericardial patch, and closure of
the anterior arteriotomy with a bovine pericardial patch. The patient
did well and was discharged on postoperative day eleven with repeat
imaging showing resolution.
Prediction of soil desiccation and yield loss adopting new plant physiological thresholds in apple forests on the Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Guo Fuxing , Sun Haowei , Wu Fuyong , Wang Yanping
Published: September 2021

Plant physiological thresholds, based on the response of plant
physiological parameters to soil available water, were proposed to
optimize soil drought and desiccation studies. However, further research
is lacked to explore the discrepancy between plant physiological
thresholds and traditional threshold, stable field capacity (SFC), in
prolong drought modelling. This discrepancy may misjudge the occurrence
and severity of dry soil layer (DSL) and bring uncertainty to vegetation
selection and planting years estimation. In this study, Environment
Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model was used to predict soil water
dynamics and drought yield loss (YL) in apple main production zone on
the Chinese Loess Plateau from 2021 to 2080 under four General
Circulation Models (GCMs). Subsequently, plant physiological thresholds
were determined with leaf net photosynthetic (TPN) and transpiration
rate (TTR) and compared with SFC in long-term DSL prediction. The
present results showed that TPN and TTR significantly slowed down the
formation of DSL and enhanced the correlation between DSL and YL.
Forming serious DSL (Quantitative Index, QI > 0.5) has
slowed from 20 to 30 years, and R2 of YL and QI increase from 0.265 to
0.528 (QIPN) and 0.409 (QITR). Moreover, future climate change
accumulatively reduced 9.95-14.18% of the YL. These results indicated
that traditional method overestimated the environmental contradiction
between economic benefits and eco-hydrology of apple forests, which
could bring unreliable messages to policymaker to restrict further
development of apple industries. This study was emphasized that
evaluating DSL based on plant physiological threshold reflected better
plant growth and water stress, which contributed to further study the
sustainable development of fragile ecosystem.
Exploring Subconscious Bias
Authors: Miu Kelvin , Ranford David , Surda Pavol , Hopkins Claire , Karagama Yakubu
Published: September 2021

Background: Implicit biases involve subconscious associations that lead
to a negative evaluation of a person based on irrelevant characteristics
such as race or gender. This audit of management of patients who missed
appointments investigates the presence of implicit bias in our unit.
Methods: We retrospectively analysed discharge rates in 285 patients who
missed an outpatient appointment between from 1/4/2020 at Guy’s and St
Thomas’ Hospital. 285 patients were categorised into predefined ethnic
categories: White British (WB) vs Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic
(BAME) vs Other White (OW) after reading the patient’s names. In the
same fashion, we also assigned gender. Results: We did not find
differences in discharge rates among self-reported ethnic and gender
groups. Patients with WB sounding names were more likely to be
discharged when compared to patients with BAME sounding names (35% vs
58%). Discharge rates between males and females did not differ.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that implicit bias may play a role in
decision-making whether to rebook a patient after missing an
appointment.
Remote sensing reconstruction of long-term and dense water level and storage variations of ungauged river in High Mountain Asia
Authors: Xu Jiahui , Song Chunqiao , Fan Chenyu , Liu Kai , Chen Tan , Ke Linghong , Wang Shidong , Song Lijuan
Published: September 2021

Water level and storage are the most critical components for
understanding water cycle changes and mechanisms better. Given the lack
of in-situ river level monitoring and consecutive satellite altimetry
data in the Yarlung Zangbo River (YZR) in High Mountain Asia (HMA)
caused by the harsh environment and complex terrain, obtaining accurate
and long-term water characteristic changes is challenging. In this
study, we reconstructed the dense time series of the YZR water
characteristic changes from 2000 to 2020. The general idea of this
method is to obtain the water area information derived from the Global
Land Analysis and Discovery (GLAD) dataset, using the hypsometric curves
to fill Hydroweb lacked river water level records from the available
river area data, and to reconstruct the virtual stations (VSs) water
levels in the YZR. Moreover, by combining area estimates with the
changes in water level, the variations of the YZR water storage have
been obtained. The obtained YZR water storage variation result was
compared with the terrestrial water storage anomaly (TWSA) of
Brahmaputra basin from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)
data to discuss the response relationship. Results indicated that the
reconstructed water area applied in the YZR with high quantity accuracy
(approximately 82%) and the reconstructed water levels agreed
reasonably well with Hydroweb water levels with an average R of 0.89.
Furthermore, the densified reconstructed water levels provided critical
and accurate information on the long-term monitoring in HMA. The YZR
water area, level and storage have apparent significant seasonal
fluctuations. The declining amplitude of water levels of VSs expanded
from the upstream region to the downstream region. In addition, the
change in river water storage only accounts for approximately one tenth
of that in the basin. This study sheds new light on bridging the gap in
monitoring the long-term water characteristic changes over poorly gauged
basins by means of optical imaging in combination with partial altimetry
satellite, and can be effectively applied in other large rivers in HMA.
Quantitative analysis of ecological risk and human health risk of potentially toxic elements in farmland soil based on PMF model
Authors: Haung Chang-Chen , Cai Li-mei , Xu Yao-Hui , Wen Han-Hui , Luo Jie , Hu Guo-Cheng , Chen Lai-Guo , Wang Han-Zhi , Xu Xu-Bang , Mei Jing-Xian
Published: September 2021

In this research, enrichment factor (EF) and pollution load index (PLI)
were utilized to estimate the features of enrichment and contamination
of PTEs in farmland soil. Furthermore, combining the spatial
distribution characteristics of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and
positive matrix factorization (PMF) to distinguish and quantify the
sources of PTEs in farmland soil, and then the potential ecological risk
(PER) and human health risk (HHR) model based on PMF are applied to
quantify the ecological and human health risks from different sources.
Taking Puning District as an example, four sources of PTEs in farmland
soil were quantitatively allocated. For ecological risk, the study area
is at moderate ecological hazard level, and industrial activities were
the greatest contributor. The mean E_r^i of Hg were 69.82, reaching
medium ecological risk level. For human health risks, both adults and
children have no evident non-carcinogenic risk in the study area. And
natural source was the largest contributor to non-carcinogenic risk,
followed by agricultural activities. With regard to carcinogenic risk,
tolerable risks of soil PTEs in the study area were limited not only for
adults but also for children. Furthermore, compared with adults, the
health risks of children, whether non-carcinogenic or carcinogenic, were
higher than those of adults, and the trends in health risks for children
and adults were similar. A comprehensive scheme combining source
contribution and risk assessment is conducive to quantitatively assess
ecological risks, health risks and priority pollution sources, thereupon
provide effective suggestions for protecting human health and preventing
and controlling pollution.
Effects of ABCB1 and ABCG2 polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of abemaciclib
Authors: Maeda Akimitsu , Ando Hitoshi , irie kei , Hashimoto Naoya , Morishige Jun-ichi , Fukushima Shoji , Okada Akira , Ebi Hiromichi , Matsuzaki Masahide , Iwata Hiroji , Sawaki Masataka
Published: September 2021

Aim: The adverse events of the CKD4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib are known to
be dose dependent. However, its pharmacokinetics vary among individuals.
Abemaciclib is reported to be transported by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and
the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). Therefore, we evaluated
whether ABCB1 and ABCG2 gene polymorphisms could be pharmacokinetic
predictive factors of abemaciclib. Methods: A total of 45 patients with
breast cancer able to take abemaciclib (150 mg twice daily) for 2 weeks
were evaluated to determine the association among abemaciclib
concentrations, adverse events, and ABCB1 1236T>C,
2677G>T/A, 3435C>T, and ABCG2
421C>A gene polymorphisms. Results: The trough
concentrations of abemaciclib were higher in the group with grade 2 or
greater neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia as compared with the
group with grades 0 or 1. No significant association was observed
between ABCB1 1236T>C, 3435C>T, and ABCG2
421C>A gene polymorphisms and abemaciclib concentrations.
However, in ABCB1 2677G>T/A polymorphisms, the
concentrations of abemaciclib tended to be higher in the homozygous
group (AA + AT) as compared with that in the wild-type and heterozygous
group (GG + GA + GT) [222.8 (80.5–295.8) ng/mL vs. 115.8
(23.6–355.2) ng/mL, P = 0.11]. Hence, the ABCB1
2677G>T/A homozygous group had a significantly higher
incidence of abemaciclib withdrawal and dose reduction within 4 weeks as
compared than the wild-type and heterozygous group (67% vs. 33%, P =
0.03). Conclusions: The gene polymorphism of ABCB1 2677G>
T/A might be a predictor of the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of
abemaciclib.
Linear and second-order nonlinear optical properties of non-fullerene acceptor derivatives with A-D-A structure
Authors: Gong Lijing , Xu Jing , Li Chunping , Zhang Xiangyu , Jiang Zhi
Published: September 2021

In this paper, in order to study the relationship between structure and
performance, four new NFA derivatives were designed based on the two
reported NFA molecules BO-4Cl and BTP-S2 by replacing the BT unit with a
less-electron deficient BTz unit and inserting another ethylene double
bond between the central core and the terminal groups. The DFT and
TD–DFT calculations were applied to invstigate linear and nonlinear
optical properties, such as electronic structure, electronic absorption,
reorganization energy and the second-order NLO properties. The
investigation demonstrates that they are all narrow bandgap derivatives,
the absorption spectrum extends to the near-infrared region and using
two ethylene double bond is the most effective way to reduce the energy
gap, redshift the maximum absorption peak and the middle absorption
band, enhance hole transport ability and weaken electron transport
ability and enhance second-order NLO response. Considering the smaller
electron and hole reorganization energy and the larger static first
hyperpolarizability value, the studied NFA derivatives have great
potential to become ambipolar charge transport materials and large
second-order NLO materials.
One-year Outcome after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for Aortic Regurgitation: A Single-Center Study
Authors: Liu Lulu , Yao Xiaoling , Peng Ying , Huang Weina , Shi Jun , Qian Hong , Chen Yilong , Guo Yingqiang
Published: September 2021

Background: Presently, there are limited reports in the literature on
the post-operative (mid-term) clinical outcome for pure Aortic
Regurgitation (AR) following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
(TAVR). Methods: Between March 2014 and June 2019, a total of 134
high-risk patients with pure, symptomatic severe AR patients were
enrolled in the current study. The outcome was assessed according to the
VARC-2 criteria. Procedural results, clinical outcomes, and the
patients’ hemodynamics for a period of 1-year were analyzed. Results:
Patient mean was 73.1±6.4 years and 25.4% were female. The average STS
score was 9.8+5.3%. Procedural success was 97.1% (130/134), and the
device success rate was 96.3% (129/134). Five cases were converted to
open surgery, while two patients underwent valvular reinterventions
(surgical aortic valve replacement for thrombosis and increasing
paravalvular regurgitation). The mean aortic valve gradient was 10.2±4.1
mmHg, while the moderate and severe aortic regurgitation was 1.6% at 1
year. Paravalvular regurgitation was none/trivial in 79.8% and mild in
18.5%. The 1-year all-cause mortality rate was 7.4%. At 1-year, the
stroke incidence rate was 2.2%. And pacemaker was implanted in 8.9% of
the enrolled patients. Conclusions: In high-risk patients undergoing
transapical-TAVR for AR, the use of the J-Valve is safe and effective
TAVR should be considered as a reasonable option for high-risk patients
with pure AR.
Analysis of changes of cavity volumes in predefined directions of protein motions and cavity flexibility
Authors: Barletta German P. , Barletta Matias , Saldaño Tadeo E. , Alberti Sebastian
Published: September 2021

Dynamics of protein cavities associated with protein fluctuations and
conformational plasticity is essential for their biological function.
NMR ensembles, Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations combined with
Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Normal Mode Analysis (NMA)
provide appropriate frameworks to explore functionally relevant protein
dynamics and cavity changes relationships. Within this context, we have
developed ANA (Analysis of Null Areas), an efficient method to calculate
cavity volumes. ANA is based on a combination of algorithms that
guarantees its robustness against numerical differentiations. This is a
unique feature with respect to other methods. Herein, we test ANA as a
biophysical and bioinformatic method to analyze different structural and
dynamics properties of cavities. In order to address this task, we have
developed an updated and improved version of ANA that expands it use to
quantify changes in cavity features, like volume and flexibility, due to
protein structural distortions performed on predefined biologically
relevant directions, e.g, directions of largest contribution to protein
fluctuations (PCA modes) obtained by MD simulations or ensembles of NMR
structures, collective NMA modes or any other direction of motion
associated with specific conformational changes. A web page has been
developed and its facilities are explained in detail, making the
software available to all users. Firstly, we show that ANA can be useful
to explore gradual changes of cavity volume and flexibility associated
with protein ligand binding. Secondly, we perform a comparison study of
the extent of variability between protein backbone structural
distortions, and changes in cavity volumes and flexibilities evaluated
for an ensemble of NMR active and inactive conformers of the epidermal
growth factor receptor (EGFR) structures. Finally, we compare changes in
size and flexibility between sets of NMR structures for different
homologous chains of dynein.
Optimal Time Intervals for Vaginal Breech Births: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Spillane Emma , Walker Shawn , McCourt Christine
Published: September 2021

Objective: To test the predictive value of the Physiological Breech
Birth Algorithm. Design: Retrospective case-control study Setting:
Teaching Hospital, United Kingdom Population/sample: Cases were all
vaginal breech births >37 weeks’ gestation where neonatal
admission or death occurred between April 2012 and April 2020. Controls
were the two term breech births without admission immediately prior to
the cases. Methods: Data was collected from intrapartum care records and
analysed using SPSS v26 statistical software. The chi-square test was
used to determine association between exposure to the variables of
interest and admission to the neonatal unit. Multiple logistic
regression was used to test the predictive value of delays defined as
non-adherence to the Algorithm. Main outcome measures: Intervals between
the start of labour, the start of second stage of labour and various
stages of emergence (presenting part, buttocks, pelvis, arms, head).
Results: Logistic regressing modelling using the Algorithm time frames
had an 84.2% accuracy, a sensitivity of 66.7% and a specificity of
92.3%. Delays between umbilicus and head >3 minutes (OR:
9.508 [95% CI: 1.390-65.046] p=0.022) and from buttocks on the
perineum to head >7 minutes (OR: 6.682 [95% CI:
0.940-41.990] p=0.058) showed the most effect. Lengths of time until
the first intervention were also longer among the cases, suggesting that
at least some of this delay is modifiable. Conclusions: Improved
recognition of delay and efficient assistance may help improve vaginal
breech birth outcomes. Further research should determine whether
training based on the Physiological Breech Birth Algorithm can reduce
neonatal admissions.