bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospective study on comparison of efficacy of topical anti-fungal agents: clotrimazole 1% and sertaconazole 2% in treatment of tinea cruris
Authors: Lakhani Som J. , Joshi Dhaval B. , Kumbhani Kalindi R. , Haldia Rajesh B.
Published: December 2019

Background: Tinea cruris is a common superficial dermatophytic infection of the skin occurring in 20-25% population worldwide. The various types of antifungal agents are available for topical use in treatment of tinea cruris. Clotrimazole is conventional imidazole antifungal drug whereas sertaconazole is newer imidazole antifungal claimed to be superior to clotrimazole in tinea infection. The aim of the study was to determine and compare the efficacy of potent topical azole agents 1% clotrimazole and 2% sertaconazole in patients diagnosed with tinea cruris attending out-patient department of skin and VD of tertiary care hospital in Vadodara.

Methods: A total of 71 patients diagnosed with tinea cruris were divided into two groups. Group A received topical clotrimazole (1% cream), and Group B received topical sertaconazole (2% cream). Outcome parameters such as erythema, scaling, itching, margins of lesions and size of lesions were noted atthe time of hospital visit, by 3rd week and by 6th week for the assessment of efficacy. The statistical test used was independent student t-test and software used was SPSS 20.0.

Results: At the end of follow-up phase, both the drugs were found to be effective with no recurrence or relapse of tinea cruris. However, compared to clotrimazole 1% cream, sertaconazole 2% cream had statistically significant rapid relief in terms of reduction in clinical parameters such as erythema (p<0.001), scaling (p<0.001), itching (p<0.001), size of lesion (p<0.001) and margin of lesion (p<0.011).

Conclusions: Topical sertaconazole 2% cream was found to be highly efficacious and superior to clotrimazole 1% cream in improvement of clinical parameters of tinea cruris.
Topical steroids more abused than used! A cross-sectional study in the outpatient department of dermatology in a tertiary care centre in coastal Karnataka
Authors: Nagaraj Rashmitha , Nagaraj Shruthi Hassan
Published: December 2019

Background: Topical corticosteroids (TCS) are one among the most commonly prescribed medications in the ambulatory setting. They exhibit anti-inflammatory effects, immunosuppressive effect, antiproliferative effects and vasoconstriction.

Methods: A total of 400 patients who had visited the outpatient department or was admitted in the department of dermatology and had applied topical corticosteroids for a duration of 2 or more weeks were included for the study over a period of 2 months in June and July 2018. This study is clinical and observational, to evaluate the topical corticosteroids abuse cases.

Results: Out of 400 people 304 [76%] patients were either recommended or prescribed TCS by a non-physician source. And the rest 96 [24%] patients were been prescribed by the medical fraternity. Majority of patients have applied TCS belonging to super potent class [294/400] duration of usage varied from 2 weeks to 2 years and amount from 10 to 240 g. The most common consequences of TCS abuse was rebound phenomenon followed by hypopigmentation, striae.
Conclusions: Prolonged and continuous use of TCS can cause many adverse effects with varying clinical presentation. Treatment is difficult as there is rebound phenomenon with discontinuation of TCS. Gradual withdrawals of TCS with supplementation of adequate treatment to the present clinical issue are usually recommended to get good clinical results.
A study on prevalence of depression in patients of vitiligo in tertiary care centre in South India
Authors: Rathi Sneha R. , Badad Ambresh S. , Hogade Ashok S.
Published: December 2019

Background: Skin is an organ that has a primary function in tactile receptivity and reacts directly upon emotional stimuli. The effects on the quality of life as a result of acquiring vitiligo is highlighted.

Methods: 100 patients with vitiligo were included in this study. A survey was done on the basis of Hamilton score of depression (HAM-D) having 17 different points that were supposed to be asked.

Results: The majority of the patients in this study were in 3rd to 5th decade. Mean age is 42 years. Of these, males were 44 and females were 56. Of these, 25 (25%) patients did not show any signs of depression, 45 (45%) patients showed mild depression, 20 (20%) patients showed moderate depression and 10 (10%) patients showed severe depression on HAM-D scale.

Conclusions: Vitiligo is a secondary psychocutaneous disorder which definitely has psychiatric co morbidity inthe form of depression. Treatment of vitiligo should include psychiatric counselling along with specific treatment.
A clinicoepidemiological study of adult acne
Authors: Sajeed Aneesa , Devaraj Yogesh , Sathyanarayana Belagola D. , Swaroop Mukunda Ranga , Bidarkar Shruti
Published: December 2019

Background: Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis of pilosebaceous unit. Adult acne is defined as presence of acne after the age of 25 years. Though acne vulgaris has been studied extensively, there is paucity of literature on adult acne.

Methods: A total of 150 patients with adult acne were enrolled in the study. A detailed history was taken followed by detailed dermatological examination. Ultrasonography abdomen and pelvis, hormonal evaluation was done in case of women with symptoms and signs of hyperandrogenism.

Results: Out of 150 patients studied, majority (61.3%) were in the age group of 26-30 years. The mean age of patients with adult acne was 30.1 years. Females (86%) outnumbered males. Majority of the patients (53.3%) had persistent adult acne and 46.7% had late onset acne. Exposure to sunlight (24%) was the most common aggravating factor followed by use of cosmetics in 19.3%. Menstruation was causing flare up of acne in 72 (55.8%) female patients. Face was involved in all the patients. Cheek was the most common site involved followed by forehead. Post acne scarring was present in 46.6% of the patients. Majority of the patients (67.3%) had grade 2 acne. Symptoms and signs of hyperandrogenism were present in 14 female patients.

Conclusions: Adult acne is more common in females. Persistent acne is more common than late onset acne. Patients with persistent adult acne are more prone to develop nodulocystic acne and acne scars.
Verrucous lesion over the foot: a diagnostic challenge
Authors: Gosavi Anil P. , Chavan Ravindranath B. , Deshmukh Nitika S. , Khose Shishir , Kundale Darshana R. , Raut Vijay V.
Published: December 2019

Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis or other very closely related strains, as well as the inflammatory reaction of the host, define the disease tuberculosis. Cutaneous tuberculosis constitutes a small proportion of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Extensive, multifocal involvement of cutaneous tuberculosis is a rare manifestation. We report one such case of tuberculosis verrucosa cutis in a 24 year old immunocompetent male patient.
Learning Together: Our Reflections on Connecting People and Practices in Intergenerational Meaning-Making Experiences
Authors: McKee Lori , Scheffel Tara-Lynn
Published: December 2019

This article is a reflection on our experiences as researchers / research assistants in five different intergenerational settings. We envision the entangled nature of connections in intergenerational meaning making and explore this theme of connection as it occurs between people (children and elders) and across meaning-making practices. We identify three principles that support meaning making in both intergenerational and monogenerational settings.
Mobile enterprise application adoption: A South African insurance study
Authors: Knoesen Henri , Seymour Lisa F
Published: December 2019

The factors impacting the adoption of mobile enterprise applications (MEAs) are important to understand if the value of using these applications is to materialize as improved business performance. By means of a review of the literature, the conceptual design of a model, a survey, and qualitative analysis, this mixed method study examined the factors which influence the adoption of three MEAs in the insurance industry. Interesting findings include the importance of willingness to fund devices on the adoption by users and the importance of job relevance and the location dependency of the MEAs on their usefulness. These findings are of relevance to researchers and organizations intending on deploying MEAs and practitioners should pay attention to the factors which can influence user acceptance of MEAs.
A functional ontology for information systems
Authors: Motara Yusuf Moosa , Van der Schyff Karl
Published: December 2019

The ontology of information systems — the way in which knowledge claims, and thus theories, are conceptualised and represented — is of particular importance in the information systems field, due to its reliance on relations between entities. This work proposes, demonstrates, and evaluates an alternative ontology for theory description which is arguably more powerful and more expressive than the dominant ontological model.
CULTURAL EDUCATION OF SCHOOL STUDENTS: A NEW PROJECT
Authors: F. Komandyshko Elena
Published: December 2019

Purpose of the study: The author addresses the problem of cultural education, the search for the most effective forms and conditions for the implementation of study programs and new elective study courses.

Methodology: The author highlights the following principles, on which the teacher should rely on the educational process: conceptual, civilizational, cultural and historical, religious, ethnic and national, regional and territorial, artistic and aesthetic.

Main Findings: The content of the article is built on the disclosure of cultural education from the standpoint of a wide range of research by scientists and teachers, as well as the requirements for the results of mastering the basic educational program of general education. As an example, the author highlights the integral structure of the general culture of the individual, in which she (conditionally) identifies important components. The article reveals the essential characteristics of the basic principles of pedagogical organization of conditions for the realization of cultural education.

Applications of this study: The article shows that the introduction of a new elective course "Cultural and educational tourism" contributes to the expansion of students' artistic needs and interests.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The author reveals the importance of the interdisciplinary nature of training, as well as the application of the excursion method of knowledge, which helps to attract various information sources that reveal historical, geographical and cultural resources, as well as artistic attractions.
FRAMES OF SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS: STRUCTURE AND FORMATION FEATURES
Authors: Anvarovna Zeletdinova El’vira , Valerievna Diakova Vera
Published: December 2019

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this article is to determine the features of the framing process, taking into account the methodological basis of the theory of frames. Methodology: The methodological basis of the study is a theory of frames, as well as various methodological approaches aimed at searching for meaning, analyzing the characteristics of social consciousness, forming social representations. In order to clarify the issue of the formation and structure of a frame of social representations, theoretical-methodological concepts of a frame (Goffman, Bateson, Minsky, Fillmore) and social representations (Moscovici, Neisser) are analyzed. The main provisions of the structural-functional approach, the theory of social interactionism and constructivism are used. Main Findings: The main provisions of the structural-functional approach, the theory of social interactionism and constructivism are used. As a result of analyzing the structure of frames of social representations, the author’s interpretation of the process of their formation is given, which makes it possible to better understand people’s understanding of already widespread and accepted social representations. Additions to the current understanding of the framing process and its nature allow for the applied research of social representations that underlie the studied social actions. The findings presented in the article, first of all, the conceptualization of basic concepts and generalization of extensive analytical material can serve as a prerequisite for further disciplinary (philosophy, sociology, political science, psychology, and others) and interdisciplinary developments in the field of frame research, monitoring and comparative research. Applications of this study: The stated results can be used in analyzing the process of forming and determining the structure of frames of social representations. Novelty/Originality of this study: The originality of the study lies in the author's interpretation of the formation of the frame of social representations, it's content and nature.
GENDER STEREOTYPES OF CHINESE LINGUOCULTURE
Authors: Daulet Fatimabibi , Gulnaz Zhunisbek , Orazakynkyzy Farida , Dauletova Gaukhar , Saule Anuar , Toikina Gulvira
Published: December 2019

Purpose of the study: The article discusses the national-cultural characteristics of the Chinese gender culture and methods of its implementation in linguistic units: words, phraseological units, euphemisms, proverbs, and sayings. This research also examines the nominative system of the Chinese language, the lexicon, as well as what ratings are attributed to men and women and in what semantic areas they are most clearly expressed. 

Methodology: In order to describe the internal form of gender vocabulary, the authors used the following methods common for studies: description, semantic definition, classification, and linguistic interpretation, and the statistical method (quantitative calculations). The etymological approach used to identify primary sources of gender vocabulary.

Main Findings:  A study of linguistic facts shows that the gender stereotypes of Chinese culture possess not only general cultural, but also general linguistic properties, which are fixed by different kinds of language units. Gender stereotypes in modern Chinese are objectified by an extensive and well-structured lexical and phraseological field, proverbs and sayings, case-texts (discourse) and other language units, which indicates its communicative relevance to Chinese linguistic consciousness.

Applications/Implications of the study: The results of the study can be used in the further researches of gender stereotypes and its linguistic objectification in both related and genetically distant languages, in various types of discourse. The results of the work can also be used in the teaching of Chinese, as well as in courses on the theory and practice of translation, regional studies. The authors believe that the results of the study will help to better understand the native Chinese speakers, which can help increase the effectiveness of intercultural communication.

Novelty/Originality of the study: In this article, the author first showed that gender stereotypes in modern Chinese are objectified by an extensive and well-structured lexico-phraseological field, proverbs and sayings, and other linguistic units, which testifies to its communicative relevance to Chinese linguistic consciousness. It is one of the first studies analyzed the language objectification of the gender code of Chinese culture.
USE OF GAMING TECHNOLOGY IN THE STUDY OF CHEMISTRY
Authors: Dgamaletdinovich Yambyshev Farid , Lenarovna Derbisheva Dilyara , Vladimorovna Halaman Adelina
Published: December 2019

Purposes: In article influence of a game method of training on the formation of interest at seniors in profound studying of a subject of chemistry is considered. Game technologies in teaching are used for a long time, but their importance inactivation of cognitive activity of students does not lose relevance. By means of a didactic game, it is possible to realize with success everything the leading functions of training: educational, bringing up and developing.

Methodology: Authors describe the scenario of a lesson game of chemistry on the subject "Hydrocarbons" for students of the 10th classes, do the analysis of results of the performance of tasks at all stages of a game and give criteria of estimates.

Results: Following the results of the questioning which is carried out among school students the conclusion is drawn that thanks to a game method at a lesson, it was succeeded to increase interest in a subject, the level of digestion of material, to make active orientation on the acquisition of knowledge and motivation of success. During the game, the creative atmosphere reigns in a class thanks to what such lessons promote the maximum realization of abilities of each pupil and develop skills of group interaction. Didactic games can be used at all stages of the process of training: when studying a new subject, fixing of the gained knowledge, at the control of results.

Implications/Applications: Implementing new methods in the study can aid the audience to be prospered. Game theory can be the practical inefficient study of chemistry.

Novelty/Originality: The research of the influence of didactic games on the formation of informative activity of students was conducted in the form of the quest with the subject devoted 190-year since the birth of A.M. Butlerov.
Multidimensional Ethical Dilemmas of Contemporary Organizations: A Literature Review
Authors: Ofurum Ugonna Augustina , Odinioha Gabriel Justin Mgbechi ,   Department of Management, Faculty of Management Sciences, Rivers State University, Nkpolu. Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt
Published: December 2019

This paper reviewed the literature on ethics, ethical theories, ethical principles; as well as the implications of unethical practices in organizations. The study revealed that unethical business practices have devastating consequences on organizations; since they result in poor corporate image, financial losses; market failures and sometimes complete corporate collapse. It was further observed that corruption, bad leadership, poor corporate governance, conflict of interest, lack of accountability, inadequate CSR, abusive and intimating behaviors among others are common in most organizations. The paper concludes that it is beneficial and in the enlightened self -interest of organizations to adopt good ethical practices. The paper also recommends that managers’ should ensure that ethical standards are crafted in their business philosophy and strategic intents in order to build and maintain a good corporate image.
Corporate Social Responsibility in Bargaining Solution by the “Win-Win-Win Papakonstantinidis Model”
Authors: Papakonstantinidis Leonidas A.
Published: December 2019

This work deals with the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as an application of the “win-win-win papakonstantinidis model”-the social wellbeing, bargaining (A-B-Community) Model which leads in a more justice more equality, more faith in the state and law. Starting from Ramzi Souleiman (2013) findings, on the “economic-harmony” equilibrium, this study goes one step more, in a synthesis between market(NE) and ethical economics(Economic Harmony equilibrium), so called the “equi-harmony” –the end of the sensitization process
The suggested model’s theoretical background is analyzed as the main “interaction’s methodological tool” focusing on Utility Function
The Nomenclature of Taxation in Nigeria: Implications for Economic Development
Authors: Chijioke Amadi Kelvin , Ibim Amadi Alolote
Published: December 2019

The paper analyzed the impact of taxation on economic development in Nigeria as it concerns value-added tax (VAT), Company Income Tax (CIT) and Petroleum Profit Tax (PPT). For the purpose of this study, the major source of data was a secondary source. Data were collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and Federal Inland Revenue Services. The data collected were analyzed with Ordinary Least Square Multiple Linear Regressions since there were more than two variables. The analysis revealed that all the independent variables (VAT, CIT and PPT) used in this study have a significant positive relationship on the dependent variable (GDP), which is used to measure economic development while value-added tax, company income tax, and petroleum profit tax were used to measure taxation. It was therefore recommended that the government should extend its database to capture all tax revenue by employing practically and technically oriented professionals. Results also imply it is recommended for the government to foster a favorable environment for young entrepreneurs to initiate and grow businesses that will lead to an increase in tax revenue for the government. It was also recommended that social science, which is the umbrella that covers management sciences, should be employed to manage businesses so as to ensure the survival of businesses and boast the nation’s revenue through tax, as it concerns training having an impact on resources utilization and allocation, thus promoting profit maximization.
Crohn’s disease with isolated gastric involvement as an example of a rare disease phenotype: a clinical case
Authors: Avalueva E. B. , Bakulin I. G. , Sitkin S. I. , Vorobyev S. L. , Belyakov I. A. , Trushnikova N. A. , Karpeeva Yu. S.
Published: December 2019

Crohn's disease (CD), along with ulcerative colitis, is one of the predominant nosological forms of inflammatory bowel diseases. In CD, any part of the gastrointestinal tract can be affected; however, the process is commonly associated with terminal ileum or colon involvement. CD cases with isolated or mixed involvement of upper gastrointestinal tract (esophagus, stomach, and duodenum) are rare and least studied types of the disease. In isolated stomach involvement, the complaints are non-specific and include epigastric pain, gastric dyspepsia, early satiety, decreased appetite, and nausea. Isolated CD of upper gastrointestinal tract can be diagnosed after comprehensive work-up and always requires a high diagnostic level, including clinical, endoscopic and morphological one. We present a clinical case of CD with isolated stomach involvement in a 62-year-old woman. The diagnosis was confirmed by the histopathological findings of an epithelioid cell granuloma in the gastric antrum. Treatment with systemic corticosteroids reduced the disease clinical activity and improved the histological characteristics of the gastric biopsy sampled obtained by endoscopy. In this clinical case, there were specific macroscopic gastric lesions found at endoscopy in CD patients with upper gastrointestinal tract involvement, which is characterized by thickened longitudinal folding and linear grooves. This type of lesion has been described in the literature as “bamboo joint-like appearance”.

Conclusion: Comprehensive assessment of clinical manifestations, endoscopic and histopathological specific features is crucial for the timely diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
PERAN ORGANISASI SOSIAL PREMAN SUPER DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN DI MALANG RAYA
Authors: Akbar Idham Nourgama , Sulistiani Dwi
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran organisasi sosial preman super dalam pemberdayaan perempuan di Malang Raya. Di tahun 2010 muncul sebuah inisiasi dari perkumpulan ibu-ibu tersebut untuk membentuk suatu organisasi, tetapi hal tersebut masih menjadi wacana semata dan akhirnya pada tahun 2013 tercetuslah sebuah organisasi sosial yang bernama Preman Super (Perempuan Mandiri Sumber Perubahan) yang didirikan di Kota Malang. Seiring berjalannya waktu Preman Super tidak hanya beroperasi di kota Malang tapi juga di Kabupaten Malang dan Kota Batu. Peran organisasi Preman Super bagi Pemberdayaan Perempuan sebenarnya sudah berjalan dengan baik, karena tujuan berdirinya organisasi Preman Super adalah sebagai pengentas kemiskinan dan pemberdayaan perempuan melalui program yang dijalankannya. Disisi lain organisasi Preman Super telah banyak menjadikan perempuan-perempuan menjadi lebih baik dan memiliki daya saing setelah mereka bergabung dengan organisasi ini. Jadi jelas, peran yang diberikan organisasi Preman Super amatlah penting bagi kehidupan masyarakat khususnya perempuan di Malang Raya.

Kata kunci: organisasi sosial, preman super, pemberdayaan perempuan, Malang Raya
An Integrative Review of Methods of Measurement of Polypharmacy
Authors: Pariseault Christine A.
Published: December 2019

Background and Purpose

The purpose of this integrative review is to synthesize research on the measurement of polypharmacy.

Methods

A comprehensive search of the literature databases Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and PubMed was conducted using a combination of terms/keywords to search existing studies to explore measures used to address polypharmacy.

Results

Several methods of measuring the existence of polypharmacy have been used in research. In addition to screening tools, the number of medications taken was used as an indicator of polypharmacy.

Conclusions

Multiple methods of the measurement of polypharmacy have been used throughout the literature. Most methods related to the intended study objectives and population. The most frequently reported measure of screening was the Beers Criteria.
SLIKA ŽENE U ROMANU NESSUNO TORNA INDIETRO ALBE DE SESPEDES
Authors: Kovačević Zorana
Published: December 2019

Cilj ovog rada je osvijetliti neke od aspekata stvaralaštva italijansko-kubanske književnice i intelektualke Albe de Sespedes kroz Nessuno torna indietro (Nikome nema povratka, 1938), roman sa kojim je autorka ostvarila prvi zapažen korak u karijeri. U djelu se prepliću priče o osam studentica smještenih u jednom rimskom internatu tridesetih godina XX vijeka. Nakon kratkog osvrta na okolnosti u kojima je nastao roman, te na njegovu recepciju, u radu ćemo se kroz analizu lika Silvije fokusirati na sliku žene daleke od modela nametnutog od strane fašističkog režima. Ideja Albe de Sespedes da na ovaj način prikaže svoje junakinje simbolično ukazuje na autorkino neslaganje sa položajem i ulogom koju je ženi dodijelila Musolinijeva diktatura.
MILAN KAŠANIN I BOŽIDAR KOVAČEVIĆ: DVA LICA JEDNE KRITIKE
Authors: Hadžić Zorica P.
Published: December 2019

U radu se na primeru recepcije pripovedačke proze Milana Kašanina istražuje koliko promena istorijskih i političkih prilika može da utiče na poziciju i prijem u kritici jednog pisca. Pripovedna proza Milana Kašanina štampana između dva rata, do naših dana ostala je nedovoljno proučena, a sporadične ocene kritike odlikuje upadljiva neusaglašenost u iznošenju vrednosnih sudova. U međuratnom periodu Kašanin je objavio dve pripovedačke zbirke, a povodom njihovog objavljivanja oglasio se i Božidar Kovačević. Pored dve štampane kritike, sačuvan je u rukopisu i jedan Kovačevićev referat na nikad objavljenu zbirku Kašaninovih pripovedaka, napisan neposredno po okončanju Drugog svetskog rata. Ova poslednja kritičarska metamorfoza Božidara Kovačevića pokazaće kako se svojevremeno štampane pozitivne ocene mogu izmeniti i poništiti u svetlu novih političkih okolnosti.
NIČEOVA FILOZOFIJA I ISKUSTVO STRANOG : DIONIS I TRUBADUR
Authors: Prole Dragan
Published: December 2019

Ničeovo iskustvo stranog počiva na oslobađenju od vlastite individualnosti, omogućeno posredstvom samo-potonuća u neku predstavu. U njegovoj filozofiji kontakt sa stranim je izričito poistovećen sa umetničkim uživanjem, koje podrazumeva sjedinjenje s prividom. Pored Zaratustre, prividi koji potiču iz stranog sveta, a sa kojima se Niče po svojoj prilici najčešće sjedinjavao, bez sumnje su dioniski, tragički čovek i provansalski trubadur. Dionis je utoliko specifični pojmovni lik koji je pomogao Ničeu da, gotovo pozorišnim jezikom, inscenira neprekidnu savremenu potrebu za transgresijom, za napuštanjem ustanovljenog i stabilnog radi traganja za-još-ne-ustanovljenim i nestabilnim. Jednu od nezaobilaznih začudnih terapija ponuđenu radi sučeljavanja sa »evropskim nihilizmom« nudi nam Ničeov pojam radosti. Paradoksalno, jedan od najvećih kritičara optimizma uvodi radost kao presudno obeležje onog naučenog. Kada srednjovekovni trubadur postane slobodan duh, nasleđe prošlosti spaja se sa onim što još nije, postaje jedno sa ključnim terapeutom budućnosti. Kombinacija istoričnog i fiktivnog u Ničeovoj filozofiji kreiraju zagonetku čije rešenje deluje privlačnije i obećava više od bilo čega iskušenog i realno upoznatog.
MULTICULTURALISMO E DIREITO: DIÁLOGOS TORNO DA PLURALIDADE CULTURAL
Authors: Campos Deo
Published: December 2019

O presente trabalho apresenta como hipótese principal o argumento da centralidade dos debates realizados pela Teoria Política em torno da pluralidade cultural existente nos Estados Liberais Democráticos contemporâneos para o estudioso do Direito. Para isso, esta pesquisa se apoia nos fundamentos e conclusões em torno do Multiculturalismo encontrados pela Filosofia Política para ilustrar como esses resultados tocam de forma central a adoção de diversas políticas públicas e a consequente atuação do Direito em torno do tema. Em um estudo analítico/prescritivo interdisciplinar envolvendo teoria política e direito, este trabalho procura desenvolver dois objetivos principais. Em seu primeiro momento, pretende-se realizar a análise dos principais pontos abordados pela Filosofia Política normativa em torno do debate da diversidade cultural. Num segundo momento, procurarmos reconhecer dentro das políticas públicas analisadas a influência deste mesmo debate e sua importância para a uma análise jurídica do tema.
ASPECTOS HISTÓRICOS E ECONÔMICOS DA EDUCAÇÃO JURIDICAMENTE ENTENDIDA COMO SERVIÇO PÚBLICO NÃO PRIVATIVO DO ESTADO
Authors: Ribeiro Vivian , Ribeiro Milton
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo observa que as discussões a respeito do direito à educação vem se travando ao longo dos anos. Assim, pretende-se trazer abordagem histórica a respeito da evolução do acesso à educação no Brasil, observando o tratamento político concedido e os aspectos econômicos e sociais correspondentes. Em seguida, debruça-se a respeito da classificação jurídica atribuída à educação como serviço público não privativo e as consequências econômicas vivenciadas pelo mercado educacional e, por óbvio, refletidas na sociedade. Analisando dados provenientes do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, reflete-se a respeito do mercado da educação superior privada brasileira e a efetividade das funções sociais desse serviço público quando particularmente prestado. 
OS DESAFIOS DO DIREITO EM NORMATIZAR E “NORMALIZAR” AS NARRATIVAS AFETIVAS E AMOROSAS
Authors: Lucas Doglas Cesar , Santos André Leonardo Copetti
Published: December 2019

O objetivo do presente artigo é fazer um breve itinerário conceitual do amor e de como ele delineou as relações familiares e suas narrativas. Percebe-se, inicialmente, que as famílias tradicionais se organizavam em torno da figura paterna e exclusivamente mediante o casamento, não importando os laços amorosos entre seus membros para a unidade familiar. Atualmente as relações familiares estão menos sólidas, menos arraigadas, mais complacentes, democráticas, igualitárias e plurais, baseadas no amor e nos laços de afetividade entre seus membros.  Em decorrência de tais transformações, novos saberes e práticas passaram o constituir o campo de estudo das ciências sociais e humanas, interessando para o presente trabalho notadamente o direito. O enfrentamento dessas categorias se deu exclusivamente por meio de revisão bibliográfica e valendo-se de postura teórica interdisciplinar e metodologicamente dialética.
Cancer Prevention and Treatment with Immune System Boosting Interventions
Authors: Doss Mohan
Published: December 2019

Cancer risk is known to increase tremendously when the immune system is suppressed, e.g., as observed in young organ-transplant recipients and AIDS patients. Based on such data, it may be hypothesized that the main reason for the development of clinical cancer is the weakening or suppression of the immune system, and that uncontrolled multiplication of cancer cells occurs when some aspects of the immune system fall below certain critical levels. Therefore, cancer may be prevented and treated by boosting these critical aspects of the immune system so that they are maintained above the critical levels. If multiple immune system boosting interventions are utilized, more aspects of the immune system would be boosted, increasing the likelihood of enhancing the critical aspects of the immune system and generating a cancer preventive and/or therapeutic effect. Clinical trials are needed to validate this approach for cancer prevention and treatment. If validated, the proposed approach could result in a major reduction of the death and suffering caused by cancer in the world.
Use of information education in improving competence of information teachers information technologies
Authors: Kadirov T  , Aminov I.B
Published: December 2019

This article discusses the purpose of public education reforms in the country, the conditions that enable teachers of specific sciences to enhance the competence of information technology. On this case, it concludes with outcomes and shortcomings as the whole
The effect of granisetron, ondansetron, and pethidine in preventing postoperative shivering: controlled clinical trial
Authors: Entezariasl Masood , Zandian Hamed , Isazadehfar Khatereh
Published: December 2019

Background: recently, use of HT35 receptor antagonists to prevent postoperative shivering has attracted a great deal of attention. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of granisetron as an HT35 antagonist when compared with ondansetron and pethidine in preventing postoperative shivering. Methods: in this triple blind random clinical trial study, 90 patients 18-50 years of age with ASA Class I and II undergoing general anesthesia were randomly assigned into one of the three drug groups: O (4-mg ondansetron), G (40 μg/kg of granisetron), and P (25 mg pethidine), immediately before induction of anesthesia. After anesthesia induction, at the end of the surgery, after the entrance and after leaving the recovery state, central temperature, peripheral temperature, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and shivering were measured and recorded. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: in the pethidine, ondansetron, and granisetron groups, 4 (13.3%), 3 (10%), and 10 (33.3%) of patients experienced shivering during recovery, where the difference between the ondansetron and granisetron groups was significant (p-value=0.02). The variations in the mean arterial pressure during the investigation stages were not significant only in the ondansetron group (p>0.05). At the beginning of recovery, the reduction of peripheral temperature was significantly lower in the ondansetron group (p<0.05), while reduction of the central temperature was higher in the granisetron group (p<0.05). By the end of the recovery, the changes in the peripheral temperature across the three groups were consistent with the changes at the beginning of recovery, but no significant difference was observed variations of the central temperature across the three groups. Conclusion: Granisetron was not found to be much effective in preventing postoperative shivering. Ondansetron and pethidine were equally effective in preventing postoperative shivering. Ondansetron also causes less hemodynamic changes compared to other drugs, while granisetron is more effective in terms of preventing nausea and vomiting
Carbon Status and Regression Model for Tree Carbon by Crown Cover for Sal Forest of Nepal
Authors: Paudel Prashant , Kalakheti Rupesh , Maraseni Tek
Published: December 2019

Volume, biomass and carbon of forest ecosystem are generally estimated using lookup tables or allometric equations known as models. These general equation-based models are usually exclusively based on dimensional measurement such as diameter at breast height (DBH) and/or height, which sometimes makes it difficult to judge applicability of equation to given forest condition or types. It is therefore important to estimate carbon stock and develop models to predict biomass or carbon stock with stratification by categorical variables like crown cover, slope, forest types, etc. Stratification of forest by remote sensing approach while designing forest inventory not only improves the reliability of the estimation but also reduces the cost of measurement. Taking crown coverage (<25%, 25-50%, 50-75% and >75%) as a categorical variable, this study assessed the status of carbon stock and develop a regression model to predict carbon stock for each canopy class of Sal (Shorea robusta) forest in Nepal. DBH and height were measured for trees with more than 7 cm DBH in 82 sample plots (18, 22, 22 and 20 for <25%, 25-50%, 50-75% and >75% respectively). On average 297 stands per hectare were recorded with 94.80 m 3 /ha growing stock. Carbon stock was highest for >75% crown cover class (89.83 ton C/ha) and lowest for <25% crown cover class (27.47 ton C/ha) with average 60.41 ton C/ha, where per tree carbon stock was lowest in crown cover class 25-50% (0.16 ton C/tree). TukeyHSD shows that four pairs of crown cover classes have significant difference in carbon stock at 95% confidence interval. Regression model with natural logarithm of DBH 2 and total tree height was best fitted for estimation of carbon stock per tree in different crown cover class with adjusted R 2 >0.99 and residuals were normally distributed. Adjustment of model (natural logarithm of DBH 2 and height) with high accuracy (R 2 >0.99) shows the importance of stratification especially by crown cover for accurate estimation of carbon stock for optimization of carbon benefits.
The married middle working class turned out to be the most financially fragile group when facing multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in China cities
Authors: Zhang Peize , Xu Guanghui , Song Yanhua , Tan Jie , Chen Tao , Deng Guofang
Published: December 2019

INTRODUCTION With the emergence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis and the threat it poses to public health, and the consequential cost involved in its treatment, constant effort has been put on evaluating and improving patient care to avoid treatment interference due to impoverishment of the household.OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze socioeconomic burdens and other difficulties MDR-TB patients in cities are facing to identify major obstacles and which group of patients are most affected.METHODS Face-to-face and phone-call interviews were conducted in early 2018 to follow up with patients newly diagnosed with MDR-TB in 2017 in three tuberculosis clinics in China. Demographic data and information on their medical care, insurance coverage, medical expenses were collected and analyzed.RESULTS A total of 144 newly-diagnosed MDR-TB cases were reviewed during the study period, among them 38 lost follow-up and 29 patients refused to participate. Eventually, 77 patients with MDR-TB were included in this study. 61 of these patients were hospitalized after MDR-TB diagnosis with an average hospital stay of 14.45 days, of them 57 were sputum positive on diagnosis. Ratio of home-discharged patients failing community care and returned to work were 48% and 8% for married and single persons ( p = 0.001). In terms of insurance coverage, proportion of patients went back to work were 23% with no insurance and/or NRCMS and 45% with UEBMI / URBMI and commercial insurance. Significant difference was shown between these two insurance coverage groups (χ 2 = 5.059, p = 0.033). Difficulties patients encountered were financial pressure (33%), psychological stress (26%), adverse drug reactions (23%), repulsive reaction to injections (17%). 48% of the patients spent over CNY2,000 (USD300) per month on TB treatment.CONCLUSION The married “middle working class” were found to be the most vulnerable group being affected financially. They have the highest tendency to fail community care schedule despite treatment status. It is of utmost urgency to enhance the current medical policy to cater for this group and improve treatment adherence.
Heme induces autophagic cell death via ER stress in neuron
Authors: Yang Zhao , Huang ZhongYan , Tang Bing , Zhang Nan , Ji Na
Published: December 2019

Aims Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is serious medical problem and the effective treatment is limited. Hemorrhaged blood is highly toxic to the brain, and heme mainly released from hemoglobin plays a vital role in neurotoxicity. However, the specific mechanism involved in heme mediated neurotoxicity has not been well studied.Methods In this study, we investigated the neurotoxicity of heme in neurons. Neurons were administrated with heme, and the cell death, autophagy and ER stress were analyzed. In addition, the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis in heme-induced cell death and the downstream effects were also detected.Results We showed that heme induced cell death and autophagy in neurons. The suppression of autophagy using either pharmacologic inhibitors (3-methyladenine) or RNA interference in essential autophagy genes (BECN1 and ATG5) decreased the cell death induced by heme in neurons. Moreover, ER stress activator thapsigargin increased the cell autophagy and cell death ratio following heme treatment. Autophagy promotes cell apoptosis and cell death induced by heme through BECN1/ ATG5 pathway.Conclusions Our findings suggest that heme potentiates neuron autophagy via ER stress, in turn inducing cell death via BECN1/ATG5 pathway. Targeting ER stress mediated autophagy might be a promising therapeutic strategy for ICH.
A Preliminary Study of Personalized Head CT Examination in Pediatric
Authors: Bian BingYang , Zhou BoXu , Wang Gang , Zhou QingChen , Xu ShuJia , Li Dan
Published: December 2019

Background: Same head CT examination protocol was employed for pediatric patients who’s skull sizes are different , this could be excessive radiation doses because they usually have smaller head circumference. In our study, we investigate if mAs according to head circumference(HC) reduce radiation doses of sensitive organs including brain, eye lens and salivary glands, but could keep the image quality. Methods: 83 pediatric patients were prospectively selected. Without limiting the head circumference, 15 pediatrics were selected as conventional group by random number method and received routine head CT examination protocol (250mAs). Low-dose group including remaining 68 patients were divided into 3 subgroups based on HC: 54.1-57.0cm for group A(200mAs), 51.1-54.0cm for group B(150mAs), 48.1-51.0cm for group C(100mAs). The Image quality was assessed by subjective and objective image score. Radimetrics was used to calculate radiation doses of sensitive- organs. Results: In the conventional group, pediatric patients with smaller head circumference receive higher radiation doses of sensitive-organs. Radiation doses of brain and salivary glands were negatively correlated with HC. The radiation dose of sensitive-organs in 3 low-dose subgroups were significantly lower than conventional group. The subjective image quality scores in group A and B was no statistical different than conventional group. The SNR of thalamus and centrum ovale in low-dose subgroups were no statistical differences compared with conventional group. Conclusions: Our research indicates that personalized brain CT examination in pediatrics can reduce the radiation doses of sensitive-organs but keep image quality. HC can serve as an effective index to guide personalized head CT scan.
Hypernatremia predicts poor survival in patients with terminal cancer: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Seo Minseok , Hwang In Cheol , Jung Jaehun , Lee Hwanhee , Choi Jae Hee , Shim Jae-Yong
Published: December 2019

Background: Although palliative care providers, patients, and their familes rely heavily on accurate prognostication, the prognostic value of electrolyte imbalance has received little attention.Methods: As a retrospective review, we screened inpatients with terminal cancer admitted between January 2017 and May 2019 to one hospice-palliative care unit. Clinical characteristics and laboratory results were obtained from medical records for multivariable Cox regression analysis of independant prognostic factors.Results: Of the 487 patients who qualified, 15 (3%) were hypernatremic upon admission. Median survival time was 26 days. Parameters associated with shortened survival included male sex, advanced age (> 70 years), lung cancer, poor performance status, elevated inflammatory markers, azotemia, impaired liver function, and hypernatermia. In a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model, male sex (hazard ratio [HR]=1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–2.04), poor performance status (HR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.09–1.94), leukocytosis (HR=1.98, 95% CI: 1.47–2.66), hypoalbuminemia (HR=2.06, 95% CI: 1.49–2.73) and hypernatremia (HR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.18–2.03) emerged as significant predictors of poor prognosis.Conclusion: Hypernatremia may be a useful gauge of prognosis in patients with terminal cancer. Further corroborative studies of large scale and prospective design are needed.
Levosimendan improves brain tissue oxygen levels after cardiopulmonary resuscitation independent of cardiac function and cerebral perfusion
Authors: García-Bardon Andreas , Kamuf Jens , Ziebart Alexander , Liu Tanghua , Krebs Nadia , Dünges Bastian , Kelm Robert F. , Morsbach Svenja , Mohr Kristin , Heimann Axel , Hartmann Erik K. , Thal Serge C
Published: December 2019

Background: Prompt reperfusion is essential to rescue ischemic tissue, but in itself represents a key pathomechanism contributing to poor outcome after cardiac arrest. Experimental data suggest levosimendan as a therapeutic drug to limit ischemia-reperfusion injury by improving cerebral microcirculation and thereby reducing neuronal injury. However, recent studies question its effect on cardiac output and cerebral microcirculation in normally pumping hearts. The present study was designed to investigate the influence of levosimendan on hemodynamic parameters, cerebral perfusion, and cerebral oxygenation after cardiac arrest and resuscitation.Methods: Ventricular fibrillation was induced in anesthetized juvenile male pigs for 7 min, followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation. After return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) animals were randomly assigned to levosimendan (12µg/kg, followed by 0.3µg/kg/min) or vehicle (normal saline) treatment for 6 hours. Cerebral oxygen saturation and brain tissue oxygen levels were determined with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and fluorescence quenching tissue PbtO 2 probes. Cerebral and kidney perfusion were quantified by fluorescent-labeled microspheres and laser-doppler flowmetry. Results: Compared to vehicle, levosimendan treated animals showed significantly higher brain tissue oxygen levels after ROSC. This effect was not accompanied by changes in cardiac output, cardiac preload and afterload, arterial blood pressure, nor cerebral microcirculation, indicating a local levosimendan-mediated effect in the brain.Conclusions: Cerebral oxygenation is key to minimizing neurological damage during and after cardiac arrest. Therefore, current concepts aim at improving impaired cardiac output or cerebral perfusion pressure. In the present study we provide evidence that NIRS fails to reliably detect low brain tissue oxygen levels and that levosimendan improves brain oxygen content. Levosimendan may therefore present a promising therapeutic approach to rescue brain tissue at risk in patients after cardiac arrest or other causes of cerebral ischemia or malperfusion such as stroke or traumatic brain injury.