bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of plant productivity and nutrient extraction capacity along the length of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland treating swine wastewater
Authors: Andries Renata Gaudereto , Matos Antonio Teixeira de , Freitas Wallisson Da Silva
Published: May 2018

The plant productivity and extraction capacity of nutrients present in swine wastewater (SWW) were quantified over 60 days in three horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (HSSF-CW) grown with three different plant species (Typha latifolia, Alternanthera philoxeroides and Cynodon dactylon). The results show the decay of the dry matter yield (DMY) and the nutrient extraction capacity (NEC) by the plants throughout the system, which gave rise to the equations that relate these parameters to the hydraulic retention time (HRT) for each species. When possible, general equations that are independent of the plant species were also evaluated. The best model fit for the dry matter yield and N-total, N-ammoniacal, N-nitrate and P extraction by plants as a function of HRT was the decreasing potential and for K extraction was the linear regression. The coefficients of determination of equations for the species Alternanthera philoxeroides and Cynodon dactylon were, for the most part, higher than 0.8. On the other hand, the general equations presented coefficient of determination greater than 90% in all cases.
Comparison of the physical, chemical and biological parameter magnitudes and cyanobacterial bloom in the Alagados reservoir of Ponta Grossa - PR
Authors: Beló Andressa , Mathias Alvaro Luiz , Gontarski Carlos Alberto Ubirajara
Published: May 2018

The cyanobacterial bloom is a consequence of eutrophication in a lentic environment. It is attributed to the contribution of nutrients related to anthropic action, as well as geographic and physico-chemical conditions. Water quality parameters of Alagados reservoir, which supplies Ponta Grossa, were determined between 08/2013 and 08/2014 to evaluate their effects on the occurrence of bloom. Some parameters, such as pH (9.1), DO (4.2 mg L-1), BOD (39 mg L-1), TP (0.86 mg L-1) and number of cyanobacterial cells (372,536 cells mL-1), were outside the limits recommended by CONAMA 357/05 for Class II and Decree 2,914/11 of the Ministry of Health. The bloom was predominantly caused by the overdevelopment of Cylindrospermopsis sp. and required additional use of chemical products in the treatment of municipal water supplies, to include coagulant (19.6%), polymer (21.0%) and activated carbon (1,889%), with a corresponding cost increase of 58%. The Water Quality Index confirmed the worsening of reservoir water quality during bloom. The Principal Component Analysis of historical data (01/2003 to 08/2014) did not discriminate the cyanobacteria levels classes (< 2,000, 2,000-20,000, 20,000-50,000 and > 50,000 cells mL-1) based on Brazilian standards, which was confirmed by the Hierarchical Cluster Analysis; although it confirmed a logical correlation between some parameters (climatic condition-reservoir rainfall-reservoir level and BOD-COD). The unidentified correlations can be attributed to the adaptability of Cylindrospermopsis sp. and the ecological complexity that requires higher sampling frequency.
Sourcing of opioid analgesics for nonmedical use: Are veterinarians the latest frontier?
Authors: Russell, MA Cayley , Fischer, PhD Benedikt , Fidalgo, MD, PhD Thiago M.
Published: May 2018

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Religious superdiversity and intersectionality on the field
Authors: van den Bogert Kathrine
Published: May 2018

In contemporary Western-European cities, religious diversity and street football are both characteristics of urban life. Based on ten months of ethnographic research amongst young Muslim residents of the Schilderswijk, an urban neighbourhood in the Netherlands, this article discusses how to study religious diversity in relation to girls’ football in urban spaces. It critically discusses how religion in intersectionality scholarship and in feminist scholarship on religion and gender is narrowly conceptualised as a form of racialised oppression or as piousness. I argue that these conceptualisations fail to capture the urban experiences and practices of ‘religious but not so religious’ young residents of the Schilderswijk who play football together. I conceptualise these young residents as ‘space invaders’ in urban football playgrounds and show that they have diverse experiences and strategies of playing football, which include but also exceed Islam, Islamophobia, and racism. I argue that their practices are, in addition to an intersectionality analysis, best understood through the concept of religious superdiversity (Becci, Burchardt, & Giorda, 2017), which provides a perspective that combines both religious and non-religious practices in urban life. Religious superdiversity emphasises the lived religious and secular experiences of young people in urban spaces beyond, on the one hand, piousness, and, on the other hand, racialised oppression and Islamophobia, and therefore provides an innovative approach to religious diversity in urban spaces.
“Deshecho el hogar del trabajo”: El espíritu del Centro de Estudios Históricos en la posguerra
Authors: Pedrazuela Fuentes Mario
Published: May 2018

Menéndez Pidal le habla a Amado Alonso, en una carta de 1939, cuando la guerra había finalizado, del “deshecho hogar del trabajo”, en referencia al Centro de Estudios Históricos. La guerra había acabado con el grupo de filólogos que trabajaron en aquel centro levantando los cimientos de la filología española. En la posguerra, son varios los jóvenes filólogos, en él formados, que tratan de mantener su espíritu durante los años de la dictadura franquista. Entre ellos encontramos a Dámaso Alonso, Rafael Lapesa, Samuel Gili Gaya, Alonso Zamora Vicente.
Teachers’ Perceptions of the Use of Blended Learning for Instructional Delivery and Student Production in K-12 Classrooms
Authors: Turner Janet , Young-Lowe Wanda F , Newton Jodi
Published: May 2018

This study seeks to determine teachers’ perceptions of the benefits of blended learning by grade span groupings: elementary, middle, and high school teachers and to examine teachers’ perceptions of their use of blended learning for instructional delivery and student production. The rapid growth of blending learning has created need for investigations into teachers’ perceptions of the benefit of blended learning. Data were gathered using quantitative research techniques with the use of a Likert scale on a three-part survey that analyzed a total of 460 public school teachers’ perceptions regarding blended learning as an instructional delivery approach in the classroom. The researchers designed the Turner & Young Technology Teacher Survey to study how teachers perceive blended learning in the classroom controlling for grade span groupings. The findings of this study indicated differences in teachers’ attitudes about the benefit of blended learning by grade span groups, particularly as it relates to instructional strategy. In addition, the results of this study indicate that as teachers recognized the benefits of blended learning, teachers also increased their use of blended learning for instructional delivery and for student production. This research adds to a small literature base examining the use of blended learning by grade span groupings.This study seeks to determine teachers’ perceptions of the benefits of blended learning by grade span groupings: elementary, middle, and high school teachers and to examine teachers’ perceptions of their use of blended learning for instructional delivery and student production. The rapid growth of blending learning has created need for investigations into teachers’ perceptions of the benefit of blended learning. Data were gathered using quantitative research techniques with the use of a Likert scale on a three-part survey that analyzed a total of 460 public school teachers’ perceptions regarding blended learning as an instructional delivery approach in the classroom. The researchers designed the Turner & Young Technology Teacher Survey to study how teachers perceive blended learning in the classroom controlling for grade
The Deficient Ballcock: Pinter's Comic Turn
Authors: Roof Judith
Published: May 2018

In Harold Pinter's The Dumb Waiter the toilet that fails to flush figures, parallels, and announces Ben and Gus's avoidance of what they already know: that the next shot will be one of their own. A representative of off-stage space and unseen motivations, the toilet punctuates, signals, and interrupts their gradual movement towards revelation.
Drowning in Your Own Blood: Embodiment in Pinter's The Homecoming
Authors: Hall Ann C.
Published: May 2018

Presented at the MMLA in November 2017, this essay examines the representation of the body in Harold Pinter's The Homecoming, arguing that Pinter's representation of the body differs from other modern dramatists such as Samuel Beckett and Sarah Kane. While admittedly participating in the dismembering of the body as Beckett and Kane do, Pinter's work not only re-members the body but also demonstrates its power and importance to theatrical art forms.
Considering Old Age and the Absurd in Harold Pinter'sA Slight Ache
Authors: Querido Pedro
Published: May 2018

This article seeks to launch an inquiry into the interplay between the philosophical concept of the absurd and different theories of aging in Harold Pinter's radio play A Slight Ache. Due to the privileged position it occupies in the interstice of the two, A Slight Ache will be read as a surprisingly complex nexus of reflections on aging, and some of the play's nuances and half-meanings will thereby be brought more vividly to light. A close reading drawing on theories of aging will show that old age is a theme of paramount importance in A Slight Ache. Furthermore, this article will claim that the combination of the absurd with aging calls for a discussion on intersubjectivity, whose precariousness threatens to doom attempts at meaning-making to failure. Finally, it will briefly discuss resistance as a viable or at least ineluctable reaction to that state of affairs.
Objectification, Denial, and Transformation: A Feminist Approach to Harold Pinter's One for the Road
Authors: Lambrianidis Christine
Published: May 2018

Harold Pinter's first overtly political play, One for the Road, premiered in 1984, as a theatrical response to the brutal state-run torture of political prisoners in Turkey during the Cold War period. Unlike previous studies that argue Pinter glorifies misogyny in this play, this article illustrates how Pinter condemns the misogynistic nature of torture. He exposes the sexist physical and verbal violence inherent in political torture. This examination of female torture uses Elaine Scarry's The Body in Pain: The Making and Unmaking of the World to show how Pinter depicts these human rights abuses as a form of male supremacy. Reading Pinter through Scarry demonstrates how this play portrays torture, including interrogation, as a process whereby pain is objectified, denied, and then transformed into power. This process acutely denounces not just torture, but how torture is a product of patriarchy therefore positioning One for the Road as a feminist play.
Licenciamentos ambientais de grandes empreendimentos: tendência à judicialização?
Authors: De Carvalho Victor Caldas Ferreira , Di Giulio Gabriela Marques
Published: May 2018

Os licenciamentos ambientais no Brasil, particularmente os que envolvem grandes empreendimentos de infraestrutura e diversidade de atores e interesses, como o setor modal portuário, têm ganhado os holofotes públicos e midiáticos, tendo em vista as disputas travadas nesses processos e os conflitos e as contradições que emergem destes. Como consequência dessa complexidade, muitas decisões sobre a concessão ou não das licenças, embora originalmente endereçadas a apenas um órgão ambiental do Poder Executivo, são submetidas ao crivo judicial. Essa complexidade é explorada neste artigo, que traz resultados de um estudo sobre a judicialização do licenciamento da expansão do Porto Público de São Sebastião, litoral norte de São Paulo. O artigo retoma a cronologia do conflito que emerge desse processo e discute um conjunto de variáveis críticas que pesaram na judicialização do licenciamento do porto. Argumentamos que, para além das causas explícitas nas ações judiciais, outras variáveis – as chamadas causas implícitas da judicialização – permearam a dinâmica político-social que levou o conflito para o Poder Judiciário. Argumentamos ainda que a identificação dessas causas expõe as raízes das limitações que o licenciamento ambiental enfrenta na prática.
¿Resistencia o propuesta? Situación y perspectivas de la producción ovina agroecológica en la Región Metropolitana de Uruguay
Authors: García Ferreira Rodrigo
Published: May 2018

Nos últimos anos, a produção de ovinos mostrou sinais de crescimento na Região Metropolitana (RM) do Uruguai e aparece como possibilidade para os agricultores familiares na Região. Em particular, a produção de ovinos baseada no manejo agroecológico aparece como alternativa para esses agricultores. Este estudo analisa a situação da produção de ovinos na RM, especialmente aquela de base agroecológica, visando identificar e avaliar essa proposta como uma possível alternativa de resistência para agricultores familiares na Região. Para isso, suas principais possibilidades e limitações foram analisadas. Pesquisa documental e bibliográfica foram realizadas para analisar as transformações da realidade agrária e na produção de ovinos na Região nos últimos anos. Entrevistas com técnicos e produtores com ligação e experiência com o tema foram implementadas, assim como um grupo de discussão. Em nosso trabalho fica evidente que o crescimento da produção de ovinos nos últimos quinze anos na RM esteve especialmente baseado nos pequenos agricultores familiares locais, em contraste com o desenvolvimento histórico dessa produção no país. Em relação à produção agroecológica de ovinos, existem experiências incipientes que geram interesse em consumidores e alguns produtores, mas seu espaço é quase nulo na pesquisa e nas políticas públicas, com pouco conhecimento acumulado sobre o assunto. Fomentar a pesquisa, formação e, principalmente, o debate sobre a necessidade de mudanças em modelos tecnológicos no interior das organizações de agricultores familiares aparecem como movimentos necessários para tornar a produção agroecológica de ovinos uma alternativa viável.
O meio ambiente e sua (ir)relevância nas representações sociais do desenvolvimento de três cidades paulistas
Authors: Bellingieri Julio Cesar
Published: May 2018

Este trabalho, efetuado por meio de levantamento, identificou a relevância do meio ambiente nas representações sociais de cidade desenvolvida, construídas pelos habitantes de três cidades do interior do Estado de São Paulo: Jaboticabal, Olímpia e Bebedouro. Este estudo qualitativo baseou-se na abordagem do núcleo central das representações sociais, apoiada na técnica da evocação livre de palavras (Abric, 2001), com uso do software EVOC 2000 (Vergès, 2002). Foram feitos dois tipos de análise: a lexicográfica, que revela o núcleo central e um sistema periférico das representações, com base nas palavras mais evocadas (as palavras principais), e a categorial, que agrupa em categorias todas as palavras evocadas. Foram entrevistadas amostras de 408 habitantes em cada cidade, estratificadas por sexo, idade, renda e escolaridade. Os resultados mostraram que uma cidade desenvolvida é representada essencialmente por uma dimensão econômica (simbolizada por emprego e indústrias/empresas), a qual coexiste com uma dimensão social (simbolizada por saúde e educação), o que faz emergir o paradigma do desenvolvimento humano (medido pelo IDH). O meio ambiente, base do paradigma do desenvolvimento sustentável, é irrelevante para representar uma cidade desenvolvida: nas três cidades, não há palavras relacionadas ao meio ambiente em nenhuma das palavras principais, e a dimensão ambiental é a mais fraca das sete categorias identificadas, com menos de 1% das evocações.
Determinants of Long-Term Unemployment in Brazil in 2013
Authors: Arruda Elano F. , Guimarães Daniel B. , Castelar Ivan , Castelar Pablo U. C.
Published: May 2018

This work analyzes the determinants of the probability of a Brazilian worker being unemployed for more than a year, using data from the 2013 National Household Survey (PNAD) and applying a probit model. The results show a lower chance of remaining jobless of males, heads of households, those who declared themselves black, younger people, those who completed higher education or are in the process of acquiring it, and residents of the Southeast and South regions of Brazil. The probabilistic scenarios show that the Brazilian workers least likely to remain unemployed for over a year are males, residents in the South or Southeast region, heads of a household, between 36 and 45 years of age, with higher education, with only a 0.6% chance of remaining in that condition. On the other hand, the workers with the highest chance of remaining unemployed are females, between 46 and 65 years old, residents in the North region, illiterate and not household heads, with a 41% probability of remaining unemployed.
Is Good Governance Really a Significant Statistical Issue for Current African Economies? The Case of ECOWAS Countries
Authors: Baldé Souadou , Dicko Saidatou
Published: May 2018

This study examines the triangular relationship between the flows of foreign direct investments (FDIs), public governance as measured by WGIs (Worldwide Governance Indicators) and economic growth in the 15 countries of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) between 1996 and 2011. The authors conclude that there is a negative relationship between FDIs and economic growth. More importantly, the effect of public governance was analyzed using the estimated coefficients of the variables voice and accountability, quality of regulation, government effectiveness, political stability and absence of violence, rule of law and corruption control, and the results showed that for half of these indicators, governance contributes negatively to the economic growth of ECOWAS countries.
Antecedentes da Intenção de Compra: Cosmopolitanismo, Imagem País e Atitude em Relação aos Países
Authors: Neto Alexandre Rabêlo , Sousa-Filho José Milton , Mota Márcio De Oliveira
Published: May 2018

O objetivo da pesquisa avaliar a influncia do cosmopolitanismo, da imagem pas e da atitude em relao aos pases na inteno de compra do consumidor de produtos culturais. A pesquisa descritiva, e utilizou-se de uma abordagem quantitativa. Aplicou-se um survey a 478 respondentes, nascidos em diferentes cidades de Portugal. Notou-se que a imagem pas influenciam positivamente na atitude em relao aos pases e na inteno de compra do consumidor. Por outro lado, o cosmopolitanismo no influenciou na atitude em relao ao Brasil. Notou-se tambm que a atitude em relao aos pases pode ser vista como uma varivel mediadora do relacionamento entre imagem pas e inteno de compra. Como contribuio da pesquisa, pode-se citar a utilizao de um construto ainda pouco estudado, a atitude em relao aos pases, como mediador das relaes entre o cosmopolitanismo, imagem pas e inteno de compra.
A Voz dos Consumidores em Redes Sociais: Proposição de um Modelo Eficaz de Gestão de Reclamações às Empresas
Authors: Rímoli Thales Tosi , Melo Daniela De Castro
Published: May 2018

Com os avanos da tecnologia da informao, os consumidores esto cada vez mais ativos com reclamaes, sugestes e opinies, principalmente em plataformas especializadas para este propsito. Gerir as reclamaes de forma bem-sucedida pode representar a construo de uma imagem positiva da marca que, naturalmente, pode gerar muitos benefcios organizao. Em contrapartida, um mal gerenciamento do boca-a-boca eletrnico negativo ou falta dele pode representar um impacto reputao da empresa. Uma avaliao negativa julgada pelos leitores como uma anlise muito mais confivel e til, dessa forma, a reclamao online tem maior destaque e se espalha mais rapidamente. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as estratgias utilizadas pelas empresas na gesto de reclamaes online e props um modelo de gesto eficaz. Para isto, realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva por meio da anlise de 379 reclamaes publicadas no site ReclameAQUI (www.reclameaqui.com.br) referentes a quatro grandes empresas do varejo: Lojas Americanas, Magazine Luiza, Submarino e Ponto Frio. O estudo descreveu analiticamente as estratgias utilizadas pelas lojas analisadas, apontando os possveis acertos e erros. Alm disso, foi possvel identificar os fatores que os consumidores mais valorizavam nas empresas aps um produto ou servio falho, como tambm direcionar a companhia para os caminhos a serem tomados para a melhoria de seus processos e, consequentemente, melhorar os ndices e resultados da organizao.
Endomarketing, Liderança e Comunicação: Reflexos na Organização
Authors: Reis Thompson Augusto , Brugnerotto Tiago Dos Reis , Sevilha Isabel Cristina , Cremonezi Graziela Oste Graziano , Oswaldo Yeda Cirera
Published: May 2018

O artigo descreve sobre a importncia do endomarketing na liderana de uma organizao, foca o desenvolvimento profissional em relao liderana com uma boa comunicao, sendo importante enxergar que o crescimento da organizao envolve a liderana dos gestores em refletir um endomarketing assertivo para gestar todos os colaboradores nos desafios e metas a serem atingidas, o trabalho, leva transformao de ideias trazendo solues inovadoras, portanto o objetivo primordial classificar o trabalho dos lderes com as estratgias de atrair resultados positivo com umaboa comunicao de endomarketingdiante da empresa Servio Nacional de Aprendizagem Comercial (SENAC SP), por meio da aplicao de questionrio, como resultado constatou-se que, entre os trinta e um lderes pesquisados, tm a base da do endomarketing focado, o resultado indica compatibilidade com a empresa que tem sua ateno voltada para a pessoa, que para a organizao so entendidos como colaboradores.
Limiting current density in electrochemical micromachining
Authors: Zhao Chuanjun , Xu Lizhong
Published: May 2018

In this paper, a method of calculating the diffusion current density on the electric pole in the electrochemical micromachining is proposed. Changes of the diffusion current with system factors are investigated from which a method of increasing the diffusion current density on the electric pole under small clearance between the hole and the tool is proposed. This is the electrochemical micromachining method using vibrating tool electrode. Using this method, an etching experiment on a steel plate is performed which shows that a reasonable machining speed and high machining accuracy are simultaneously obtained.
A fundamentação teórica de Paulo Freire e a possibilidade de uma influência dominante
Authors: Taddei Paulo Eduardo Dias , Santos Magda Gisela Cruz dos
Published: May 2018

A análise das principais influências teóricas do pensamento de Paulo Freire, o existencialismo, a fenomenologia, o marxismo, o personalismo e o cristianismo, objetiva avaliar se é possível considerar a predominância de uma dessas no conjunto de sua obra. Trata-se de um estudo de cunho bibliográfico no qual, com base na perspectiva teórico-metodológica do materialismo histórico dialético, se analisou as principais obras de Freire, localizando as categorias centrais e investigando sua relação com as diferentes influências teóricas do autor. Considerando o alcance da obra de Freire no Brasil e no mundo, entende-se que a análise sobre as influências constituintes de sua teoria revela não apenas a singularidade da síntese realizada pelo autor, como a relevância e atualidade de sua obra para as pesquisas e estudos na área da educação.
The Effects of Morinda citrifolia (Noni) Fruit Juice on the Prevention of Stroke by Promoting Production of Nitric Oxide through the Brain of the Spontaneously Hypertensive Stroke Prone (SHRSP) Rats
Authors: Kudo Maya , Yoshitomi Hisae , Nishigaki Toshiaki , Gao Ming
Published: May 2018

Morinda citrifolia (Noni) is a traditional folk medicinal plant and has a long history of use as a food and medicine. In order to reveal the effects of Noni fruit juice (NFJ) on stroke prevention, we performed experiments using spontaneously hypertensive stroke prone (SHRSP) rats. NFJ did not change rat body weight, food intake, and water intake. However, both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were significantly decreased after NFJ treatment in SHRSP rats. Furthermore, NFJ significantly increased the survival rate, urinary nitric oxide (NO) concentration was significantly higher in the NFJ group, and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation levels increased in the brain after NFJ treatment. Two pathways regulate eNOS phosphorylation: the insulin-dependent pathway and the insulin-independent pathway. For the insulin-dependent pathway, phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and protein kinase B (Akt) did not change in the NFJ group. For the insulin-independent pathway, expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, liver kinase B 1 (LKB1), and silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) significantly increased in the brain of SHRSP rats after NFJ treatment. These data suggested that NFJ prevented stroke by improved blood circulation, increased NO production, and elevated eNOS phosphorylation by stimulating the insulin-independent pathway (Sirt1-LKB1-AMPK-eNOS).
A few remarks on East Prussia goldsmith heritage in Lithuania
Authors: Vasiliūnienė Dalia
Published: May 2018

The newly identified goldsmiths’ works of East Prussia are presented in the article: a chalice from Kaunas St. Cross Church forged by Otto Schwerdfeger, a master in Königsberg, in 1704 (?), a ciborium from Vilnius St. Apostles Peter and Paul Church made by goldsmith Johann Kownatzky in Tilsit in the 1760–80s, and a monstrance from Valakbūdis Church made by Michael Greiffenhagen II, a master from Tilsit, in 1795 (?). After the World War II, East Prussia was annexed by the Soviet Union. Destruction of the region and its historical memory and enormous losses of the cultural heritage partly resulted in knowledge gaps in Lithuania about the goldsmithing in this region. For the knowledge of goldsmith history in East Prussia, works by Eugen von Czihak, a German scientist, based on the information collected before the First and Second World Wars are very important. The goldsmithing of Eastern Prussia is pretty seldom mentioned in the Lithuanian historiography. Only sparsely survived works by Königsberg, Tilsit and Klaipėda (Memel) masters from the 17th – 19th century have been published. On the contrary, the context of Lithuanian goldsmith history is described based on data provided by the German writings. According to our knowledge, the goldsmith heritage from Königsberg predominates in Lithuania. Not a few goldsmith works from Tilsit were also identified in Lithuania. The works of Eastern Prussian goldsmiths are of particular value. Because of the dramatic fate of Königsberg region, the survived number of goldsmith works throughout Europe is relatively low.
Fotografi som visuel metode i ernærings- og sundhedsfaglige studier
Authors: Justesen Lise , Laub Maria Therese , Rostgaard Poulsen Birthe
Published: May 2018

Denne artikel er en praktisk indføring i, hvad det vil sige at arbejde med fotografi som metode til indsamling af empiri. Artiklen introducerer en række fotografiske metoder, der kan anvendes i observations- og interviewstrategier. Gennem case-eksempler, med udgangspunkt i metoderne Participant Driven Photo Elicitation, Research Driven Photo Elicitation samt Kollaborativ Fotografisk Metode, sætter vi fokus på praktiske greb for studerende såvel praktikere, der selv vil i gang med studier inden for det ernæringsfaglige og sundhedsfaglige felt. Artiklen behandler, hvordan man skaber og håndterer fotografisk empiri i konkrete ernærings- og sundhedsrelaterede studier samt beskriver, hvad fotografisk empiri kan i sammenligning med andre empiriske metoder baseret på mundtligt og skriftligt materiale alene. Desuden gennemgås etiske og juridiske aspekter ved brug af fotografi i empiriske studier og til sidst beskrives en række fototekniske overvejelser, der kan kvalificere fotografiernes tekniske kvaliteter.
An ethical and aesthetic challenge: symbolic reparation and the construction of memory
Authors: Vital-Brasil Vera
Published: May 2018

This article concerns the Clínicas do Testemunho, a pilot project carried out in Rio de Janeiro, which was supported by the Amnesty Commission of the Brazilian Ministry of Justice and was carried out between 2013 and 2015. It highlights how giving testimony can be a vehicle for psychological reparation and can help in the process of constructing individual and collective memory, as well as resistance. The article begins with a narrative about the dictatorship and the struggle for Memory, Truth, Justice and Reparation that followed, showing how psychological reparation emerged as one of the components of this process. Through the clinical experience, it highlights the effects of persecution and torture on subjectivity, and the use of clinical strategies and devices that produce changes in subjectification. It also highlights testimony as an important part of the reparation process and its role in the construction of memory and democracy.
Sintaxe e semântica de חסר na Bíblia Hebraica: estudo para a tradução do Salmo 23
Authors: Ribeiro Osvaldo Luiz
Published: May 2018

Este artigo investiga a fenomenologia semântica e sintática da raiz hebraica חסר na Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Trata-se de um estudo introdutório para a tradução e a interpretação do Salmo 23. O objetivo é verificar a possibilidade de a raiz ser traduzida com o sentido de “faltar”, testando-se assim a hipótese de traduzir-se Salmo 23,1 como “o Senhor é meu pastor, não faltarei”, isto é, “não morrerei”. Identificam-se nove ocorrências da raiz חסר com o sentido de “faltar”: Gn 8,3.5; 18,28; 1 Re 17,14.16; Ec 9,8; Ct 7,3; Is 32,6; 51,11. Confirma-se a hipótese investigada: na BHS, חסר pode ser traduzida como “faltar”, e, em termos gramaticais, a tradução é possível também para Sl 23,1.
Teologia e niilismo pós-moderno: a subjetividade vulnerável como locus theologicus no pensamento de Carlos Mendoza Álvarez
Authors: Caldeira Cleusa
Published: May 2018

Busca-se explicitar o novo paradigma para uma teologia da revelação no contexto pós-moderno, desenvolvida ao longo de 25 anos pelo teólogo mexicano Carlos Mendoza Álvarez. O frei dominicano, em contínua recepção criativa do Concílio Ecumênico Vaticano II, mais especificamente, da Constituição Dogmática Dei Verbum, assume a fenomenologia da subjetividade (pós)moderna como lugar da revelação do Deus absconditus; visto que a experiência do devir da subjetividade é um rastro da transcendência inscrita no coração da imanência. Assim, de maneira inédita no contexto latino-americano, dá-se a assunção do niilismo pós-moderno como locus theologicus. Compreendendo que a subjetividade é nossa maneira de ser no mundo, descreve-se a constituição da subjetividade vulnerável pós-moderna em sua relação constitutiva com a alteridade e com a transcendência, como lugar do nosso encontro com Deus. Partindo, pois, do realismo ontológico do niilismo, o teólogo mexicano aposta no desenvolvimento de uma ontologia relacional na gratuidade, por meio da qual será possível afirmar tanto a livre iniciativa divina em salvar-nos como a liberdade humana na recepção do dom, abrindo assim espaço para uma nova síntese sapiencial ao modo de Atenas e Jerusalém. Com este texto, pois, descreve-se a via imanente da revelação divina, através da experiência da subjetividade vulnerável aberta e em doação.
Um olhar pastoral sobre o luto e a violência
Authors: De Paula Blanches
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo tem por finalidade lançar um olhar teológico-pastoral sobre a relação entre violência e luto. Partimos do pressuposto de que, com os crescentes índices de violência, há uma ampliação do processo de enlutamento na sociedade. Diante desse cenário, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa é correlacionar o tema da violência com o tema do luto, bem como apontar caminhos para pastorais que abordem essa temática, uma vez que consideramos o cuidado pastoral como contribuinte na elaboração dos lutos desencadeados por violência.
A Coordinating Strategy for Biofuel Supply Chain under Disturbance Using Revenue Sharing Contract Approach
Authors: Geng Nana , Zhang Yong , Sun Yixiang
Published: May 2018

Biofuel is considered to be an important alternative energy in the future transportation. Its development is supported by the rest of the world. However, biofuel industry development is still very slow. From the previous research it is known that the supply chain coordination and other problems need to be solved to promote the supply chain ability. This paper studies biodiesel supply chain coordination problem from the view of disturbance management. It gives a disturbed coordination strategy which contains the optimal order quantity and the contract parameters. This paper has then verified the disturbed coordination strategy through using the actual data of Jiangsu Yueda Kate New Energy Co. Ltd. The result shows that when the market demand and the recovery cost are simultaneously disturbed, the coordination can make the biodiesel supply chain robust and the new strategy under the revenue sharing contract is better than the original one.
How the stomach and the brain work together at rest
Authors: Porciello Giuseppina , Monti Alessandro , Aglioti Salvatore Maria
Published: May 2018

Low-frequency electrical waves in the stomach seem to be synchronised with the activity of a newly discovered resting-state network in the human brain.
Augmentation of the therapeutic efficacy of WEE1 kinase inhibitor AZD1775 by inhibiting the YAP–E2F1–DNA damage response pathway axis
Authors: Oku Yusuke , Nishiya Naoyuki , Tazawa Takaaki , Kobayashi Takaya , Umezawa Nanami , Sugawara Yasuyo , Uehara Yoshimasa
Published: May 2018

The main reasons for failure of cancer chemotherapy are intrinsic and acquired drug resistance. The Hippo pathway effector Yes‐associated protein (YAP) is associated with resistance to both cytotoxic and molecular targeted drugs. Several lines of evidence indicate that YAP activates transcriptional programmes to promote cell cycle progression and DNA damage responses. Therefore, we hypothesised that YAP is involved in the sensitivity of cancer cells to small‐molecule agents targeting cell cycle‐related proteins. Here, we report that the inactivation of YAP sensitises the OVCAR‐8 ovarian cancer cell line to AZD1775, a small‐molecule WEE1 kinase inhibitor. The accumulation of DNA damage and mitotic failures induced by AZD1775‐based therapy were further enhanced by YAP depletion. YAP depletion reduced the expression of the Fanconi anaemia (FA) pathway components required for DNA repair and their transcriptional regulator E2F1. These results suggest that YAP activates the DNA damage response pathway, exemplified by the FA pathway and E2F1. Furthermore, we aimed to apply this finding to combination chemotherapy against ovarian cancers. The regimen containing dasatinib, which inhibits the nuclear localisation of YAP, improved the response to AZD1775‐based therapy in the OVCAR‐8 ovarian cancer cell line. We propose that dasatinib acts as a chemosensitiser for a subset of molecular targeted drugs, including AZD1775, by targeting YAP.
AllianceDiplomacy
Authors: Carter Charles William
Published: May 2018

Given the pervasiveness of warfare in human history, protection and safety have been on the minds of leaders and statesmen from antiquity to the modern era. Alliances have thus been an integral part of international relations, while the diplomacy used in the creation of such mutual‐protection arrangements has evolved over time. In the ancient and premodern world, material exchange, the lure of power, and familial ties were major features of alliance diplomacy. In the modern era, however, alliance diplomacy experienced a greater amount of structure, with the establishment of notions of sovereignty and international collective security apparatuses.
Atomic/Nuclear Diplomacy
Authors: van Wyk Jo‐Ansie
Published: May 2018

The atomic age brought significant changes to states' diplomatic relations and diplomatic conduct. This entry traces the development of atomic or nuclear diplomacy by contextualizing the historical development of nuclear weapons and its affect on states' diplomatic interaction. It then outlines the scope and nature, forms, and elements and utility of nuclear diplomacy. Throughout relevant examples such as the nuclear export regimes and the Treaty on the Non‐proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) are referred to.
Begin,Menachem (1913–92)
Authors: Siniver Asaf
Published: May 2018

Menachem Begin (1913–92) was prime minister of Israel (1977–83) and long‐serving leader of the right‐wing Likud Party. He led the Jewish paramilitary group Irgun Zvai Leumi (National Military Organization) against the British mandatory authorities in Palestine during the Second World War and received the Nobel Peace Prize for signing a peace treaty with Egypt (1979). He stepped down from office amidst growing public criticism of his government's handling of Israel's disastrous invasion of Lebanon the previous year.
Briand,Aristide (1862–1932)
Authors: Laberge Martin
Published: May 2018

Known as the “peace apostle,” Aristide Briand (1862–1932) was a French statesman and foreign minister. He was one of the outstanding figures of the French Third Republic and international affairs in the 1920s and early 1930s. He embodied, in European and North American public opinion, the internationalist ideas associated with the League of Nations.
Brzezinski,Zbigniew (1928–)
Authors: Trenta Luca
Published: May 2018

Zbigniew Brzezinski (1928–) was the first foreign policy adviser to join Jimmy Carter's presidential campaign. In the administration, Brzezinski's stance was more hawkish than other members of the administration. He viewed the Soviet Union as in the process of becoming a crippled, but still dangerous, giant. His official position as national security adviser and his distaste for bureaucratic red tape meant that he played a prominent role in many of the Carter administration's foreign policy decisions including the nuclear posture review and SALT. His rivalry with secretary of state Cyrus Vance impacted the administration's normalization of diplomatic relations with China and its approach to the Revolutionary government in Iran. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan strengthened Brzezinski's calls for a stronger posture against the Soviet Union. Out of office, Brzezinski continued his career as a prolific academic and as an acute foreign policy expert.
C
asey,
R. G
. (1890–1976)
Authors: Bridge Carl
Published: May 2018

R. G. Casey (1890–1976) was Australia's foremost diplomat in the middle decades of the twentieth century, serving in London, Washington, the Middle East, and South Asia before becoming foreign minister (1951–60). His principal achievements were the cementing of relations with the United States and Britain and fostering Australia's relations with its regional neighbors during the Cold War.
Cromwellian Diplomacy
Authors: de Carvalho Benjamin
Published: May 2018

Cromwell's diplomatic efforts aimed at reorienting England towards an alliance with Protestant powers after the English Reformation of the 1530s and the subsequent break from Rome and the ensuing break from its traditional Catholic orientation in European affairs. Through a series of diplomatic negotiations (1534–40) with the German Schmalkaldic League, Cromwell's efforts culminated with the matrimonial alliance through Henry VIII's marriage to Anne of Cleves – which, eventually, also led to Cromwell's fall. Cromwell's main legacy was a dramatic strengthening of England's diplomatic apparatus, and to give the country's foreign policy a new orientation, the Protestant cause.
Deterrence and Diplomacy
Authors: Laberge Martin
Published: May 2018

Deterrence uses indirect and latent threat to influence the diplomatic behavior of an opponent. Deterrence differs from other forms of diplomatic persuasion – for example the threat of military force or the use of economic sanctions – by the nature of the consequences it entails. In the case of deterrence, the possible retaliations are to be so devastating that they cancel the value of any expected political or strategic gains of a particular course of action undertaken by a country.
Diplomacy and Intelligence
Authors: Munton Don
Published: May 2018

All states conduct diplomacy; most also collect intelligence. The two activities, usually dissociated, have long historical links. While also conventionally seen as distinct conceptually, they are difficult to distinguish. Defining intelligence as information related to threats used in making security policy, this entry the involvements of both embassies and foreign ministries in intelligence matters.
Diplomacy and Journalism
Authors: Akami Tomoko
Published: May 2018

Journalism is key to defining the relationship between the state and the public, and there are particular roles for journalism in the area of foreign policy, as opposed to domestic politics. This entry locates the key issues in the relationship between journalism and diplomacy in a broader historical context, focusing in particular on the development of mass democracy, telecommunication technologies, and public diplomacy. It also examines an implication in diplomacy; that of the legacy of a news cartel system which began in the late nineteenth century, in relations to the New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO). An examination of journalism and diplomacy requires expertise in diplomatic studies, media studies, and historical studies, and useful new works are being published. There is, however, a great need for further study, and this entry suggests a few of the areas which would enhance our fuller understanding of the subject.
F
irst
M
acedonian
W
ar (215–205
bce
)
Authors: Hoyos Dexter
Published: May 2018

Between 230 and 219
BCE
Rome imposed its influence over the Illyrian and neighboring peoples of the Adriatic's eastern coast. When Hannibal invaded Italy in 218, his early victories over the Romans, above all Cannae in 216, encouraged Philip V, king of Macedon, to ally with Carthage, aiming to replace Rome's influence along the Adriatic with Macedon's. Although this opened another military front for the embattled Romans, they threw Philip out of Illyria and more or less eliminated his involvement in Hannibal's war, even though the king won successes against their western Greek ally the Aetolian League. The Aetolians made peace with him in 206, leaving the Romans to follow suit in 205. For Rome this was unfinished business: soon after the Carthaginians made peace, they acted to finish it with a new Macedonian war.
Humanitarian Diplomacy
Authors: Fiott Daniel
Published: May 2018

Humanitarian diplomacy has emerged as a concept to promote and dissuade certain types of humanitarian action. The concept took hold mainly in the post‐Second World War era and the advent of global humanitarianism. It is a distinct form of diplomacy. Governments, international organizations, and non‐governmental organizations “conduct” humanitarian diplomacy in the hope of influencing the policies of other governments and international organizations. Humanitarian diplomacy also looks to raise public awareness about humanitarian issues. The concept is, however, not free from controversy or from challenges.
Indemnities in Diplomacy
Authors: Fedele Dante
Published: May 2018

Requests for indemnity for injuries suffered by aliens frequently arise as part of the exercise of diplomatic protection. Based upon this institution, an injured person's state of nationality presents a claim against the state alleged to be responsible for that injury, with a view to obtaining reparation. The customary law that governs this sphere of international law was collected and codified by the International Law Commission in two Draft Articles, formally adopted in 2001 and 2006. After proposing a brief historical account, this entry focuses on an overview of the topic in current international law based on the norms established in the two Draft Articles.
Jefferson,Thomas (1743–1826)
Authors: Mayo‐Bobee Dinah
Published: May 2018

Without a doubt, Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) played a crucial role in the development of US diplomacy and history. His work in international relations began at the nation's founding and continued during his tenure as secretary of state and two terms as president in the early nineteenth century. As head of the State Department Jefferson oversaw the first executive cabinet created under the Constitution. While president, Jefferson brokered the popular Louisiana Purchase and fought with Tripoli to protect Americans' trade in the Mediterranean, but also presided over international turmoil created by the warring nations of Europe. Unfortunately, Jefferson's use of commerce as a diplomatic tool to force France and Britain to respect US neutrality divided the nation and left the problems affecting US sovereignty unresolved. Ultimately, creating a unique version of Washingtonian neutrality, established when he was secretary of state, Jefferson's foreign failures set the stage for the War of 1812.
K
ume
K
unitake (1839–1931)
Authors: Takii Kazuhiro
Published: May 2018

Kume Kunitake (1839–1931), a Japanese historian, traveled to the West in 1871 as a member of the imperial embassy known as the Iwakura Mission. After almost two years of traveling, Kume published a report containing detailed descriptions and statistical information relating to the social situation of the countries visited by the mission, as well as his own deep insights into Western civilization. This monumental work enabled Japanese leaders to perceive that Western civilization was rooted in concepts of power, which contrasted sharply with the Confucian civilization of the East, grounded as it was in concepts of virtue. The report served as a guide to the leaders as they pushed forward with a program of nation‐building based on this new power‐principle of Western civilization.
ManchurianCrisis (1931–33)
Authors: Doenecke Justus D.
Published: May 2018

The Manchurian crisis (1931–33) began on September 19, 1931, when Japan's Guandong (Kwantung) Army seized Shenyang (Mukden). As Japan continued to penetrate into the area, the League of Nations Council responded, first by invoking the Kellogg–Briand Pact (1928), then establishing the Lytton commission of inquiry. On January 7, 1932, American secretary of state Henry L. Stimson proclaimed the Stimson Doctrine, involving the non‐recognition of Japanese conquests and the invoking of the Open Door policy, and when the Japanese attacked Shanghai, made a veiled threat that further Japanese moves might well force the United States to enlarge fortifications in Guam and the Philippines and increase naval tonnage beyond Washington Conference limits. When, on February 24, 1933, the League of Nations Assembly adopted the Lytton report, Japan gave official notice it would leave the league in two years. On May 31, the truce of Tanggu (Tangku) ended the conflict.
M
asaryk,
T
omáš (1850–1937)
Authors: Wargelin Clifford F.
Published: May 2018

Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (1850–1937) was a Czechoslovak author and politician who became the primary founder and first president of Czechoslovakia, a country that existed from 1918 to 1939 and from 1945 to 1993. Leaving Austria‐Hungary for exile after the outbreak of the First World War (1914–18), he and his Czecho‐Slovak National Council became the chief advocates for Czechoslovak independence, establishing political contacts and lobbying effectively for Czechoslovak statehood. Instrumental in the creation of the Czecho‐Slovak Legion in Russia beginning in 1917, he negotiated the terms for the creation of independent Czechoslovakia with the American government and Slovak leaders in 1918. Sworn in as president of Czechoslovakia on December 21, 1918, he was reelected three times before resigning in 1935. He authored several books and numerous articles and became widely known as the “president liberator” of Czechoslovakia and as a strong defender of democracy.