bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterizing dominant patterns of spatiotemporal variation for a transboundary groundfish assemblage
Authors: DeFilippo Lukas B. , Thorson James T. , O'Leary Cecilia A. , Kotwicki Stan , Hoff Jerry , Ianelli James N. , Kulik Vladimir V. , Punt Andre E.
Published: June 2023

Many mobile marine taxa are changing their distributions in response to climate change. Such movements pose a challenge to fisheries monitoring and management, particularly in systems where climate‐adaptive and ecosystem‐based management objectives are emphasized. While shifts in species distributions can be discerned from long‐term fisheries‐independent monitoring data, distilling coherent patterns across space and time from such datasets can be challenging, particularly for transboundary stocks. One approach for identifying dominant patterns of spatiotemporal variation that has been widely used in physical atmospheric and oceanographic studies is empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, wherein spatiotemporal variation is separated into time‐series of annual factor loadings and spatial response maps. Here, we apply an extension of EOF analysis that has been modified for compatibility with biological sampling data to a combined US–Russian fisheries‐independent survey dataset that spans the eastern (United States) and western (Russia) Bering Sea shelf to estimate dominant patterns of spatiotemporal variation for 10 groundfish species at a shelf‐wide scale. EOF identified one axis of variability that was coherent with the extent of cold (≤0°C) near‐bottom waters (the cold pool) previously shown to be a key influence on species distributions and ecosystem structure for the Bering Sea. However, the leading axis of variability identified by our EOF analysis was characterized by low frequency changes in the distributions of several species over longer time scales. Our analysis has important implications for predicting variation in species distributions over time and demonstrates a widely applicable method for leveraging combined fisheries‐independent survey datasets to characterize community‐level responses to ecosystem change at basin‐wide scales.
Genetic diversity varies with species traits and latitude in predatory soil arthropods (Myriapoda: Chilopoda)
Authors: Bharti D. K. , Pawar Pooja Yashwant , Edgecombe Gregory D. , Joshi Jahnavi
Published: June 2023

Aim

To investigate the drivers of intra‐specific genetic diversity in centipedes, a group of ancient predatory soil arthropods.

Location

Asia, Australasia and Europe.

Time Period

Present.

Major Taxa Studied

Centipedes (Class: Chilopoda).

Methods

We assembled a database of 1245 mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences representing 128 centipede species from all five orders of Chilopoda. This sequence dataset was used to estimate genetic diversity for centipede species and compare its distribution with estimates from other arthropod groups. We studied the variation in centipede genetic diversity with species traits and biogeography using a beta regression framework, controlling for the effect of shared evolutionary history within a family.

Results

A wide variation in genetic diversity across centipede species (0–0.1713) falls towards the higher end of values among arthropods. Overall, 27.57% of the variation in mitochondrial COI genetic diversity in centipedes was explained by a combination of predictors related to life history and biogeography. Genetic diversity decreased with body size and latitudinal position of sampled localities, was greater in species showing maternal care and increased with geographic distance among conspecifics.

Main Conclusions

Centipedes fall towards the higher end of genetic diversity among arthropods, which may be related to their long evolutionary history and low dispersal ability. In centipedes, the negative association of body size with genetic diversity may be mediated by its influence on local abundance or the influence of ecological strategy on long‐term population history. Species with maternal care had higher genetic diversity, which goes against expectations and needs further scrutiny. Hemispheric differences in genetic diversity can be due to historic climatic stability and lower seasonality in the southern hemisphere. Overall, we find that despite the differences in mean genetic diversity among animals, similar processes related to life‐history strategy and biogeography are associated with the variation within them.
Seed dispersal distance classes and dispersal modes for the European flora
Authors: Lososová Zdeňka , Axmanová Irena , Chytrý Milan , Midolo Gabriele , Abdulhak Sylvain , Karger Dirk Nikolaus , Renaud Julien , Van Es Jérémie , Vittoz Pascal , Thuiller Wilfried
Published: June 2023

Motivation

Although dispersal ability is one of the key features determining the spatial dynamics of plant populations and the structure of plant communities, it is also one of the traits for which we still lack data for most species. We compiled a comprehensive dataset of seed dispersal distance classes and predominant dispersal modes for most European vascular plants. Our seed dispersal dataset can be used in functional biogeography, dynamic vegetation modelling and ecological studies at local to continental scales.

Main Types of Variables Contained

Species were classified into seven ordered classes with similar dispersal distances estimated based on the predominant dispersal mode, the morphology of dispersal units (diaspores or propagules), life form, plant height, seed mass, habitat and known dispersal by humans. We evaluated our results by comparing them with dispersal distances calculated using the ‘dispeRsal’ function in R.

Spatial Location

Europe.

Time Period

Present.

Major Taxa and Level of Measurement

The seed dispersal dataset contains information on dispersal distance classes and the predominant dispersal mode for 10,327 most frequent and locally dominant European vascular plant species.

Software Format

Data are available in .csv format.
FAMILIES, SIMILARITIES AND MULTI‐FAITH FUTURES: RE‐IMAGINING ISLAM AND MUSLIMS IN LESSING AND NOVALIS
Authors: Hodkinson James
Published: June 2023

In G. E Lessing's Nathan der Weise (1779) Muslims are represented alongside Jews and Christians. These relationships are framed in terms of shared human morality and the shared biology of family, expressed through physical resemblance, rather than through similarities or differences of faith. Ultimately, it is the biological fact of consanguine family, not religion, which forms the basis of future human relationships. The Early Romantic Novalis, by contrast, sketches a figurative, interfaith family in Heinrich von Ofterdingen (1801). This accommodates Christians and Muslims within a universal model of ‘aesthetic’ human religiosity, which nonetheless allows each faith to maintain distinctive, even mutually conflicting beliefs, and thus envisions a more pluralistic unity. Modelling interfaith relationships around familial similarities offers a tempting alternative to the mutual alienation and ‘othering’ of critical Orientalism, although this approach can fixate upon normative characteristics and deflect attention from the distinctiveness of differing faiths. Both writers locate their Muslim characters within differing trajectories of historical progress: for Lessing, humanity's future is grounded in a common humanity rooted in shared biology, with Islam rendered incidental or obscure, whereas Novalis envisions a pluralistic, multi‐perspectival future, marked by shifting, re‐imaginable familial relationships, within which Muslims can retain core aspects of their faith.
Coincidental items in the definition of metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver are useful in identifying patients having significant fibrosis with fatty liver
Authors: Kakisaka Keisuke , Kuroda Hidekatsu , Abe Tamami , Nakaya Ippeki , Watanabe Takuya , Yusa Kenji , Sato Hiroki , Suzuki Akiko , Kooka Yohei , Endo Kei , Yoshida Yuichi , Oikawa Takayoshi , Miyasaka Akio , Matsumoto Takayuki
Published: June 2023

Aim

We aimed to establish a method that will identify patients at a high risk for progressive phenotype of fatty liver.

Methods

Patients with fatty liver who underwent liver biopsy between July 2008 and November 2019 were included as cohort 1, and those who underwent abdominal ultrasound screening examination by general physicians between August 2020 and May 2022 served as cohort 2. According to the definition of metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver (MAFLD), the subjects were classified by body mass index of ≥23, diabetes mellitus, and coexistence of two or more metabolic risk items. The progressive phenotype of MAFLD is defined by significant fibrosis complicated with either nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score ≥4 (BpMAFLD) or steatosis grade ≥2 by ultrasound examination (UpMAFLD).

Results

One hundred sixty‐eight patients and 233 patients were enrolled in cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. In cohort 1, the prevalence of BpMAFLD was 0% in patients without a complicating factor (n = 10), 13% in those with one complicating factor (n = 67), 32% in those with two (n = 73), and 44% in those with all three complicating factors (n = 36). A logistic regression analysis revealed that factors in the MAFLD definition were significantly associated with BpMAFLD. In cohort 2, a criterion of two or more positive MAFLD definitions was found to have a 97.4% negative predictive value for the diagnosis of UpMAFLD.

Conclusion

Patients with two or more complicating factors in the MAFLD definition should have further evaluation for liver fibrosis.
A study on the preoperative risk factors for primary healing failure in the reconstruction of deep sternal wound infection with platelet‐rich plasma and negative pressure trauma therapy
Authors: Song Yaoyao , Chu Wanli , Zhang Ming , Liu Zhaoxing , Li Dawei , Zhao Fan , Zhang Bohan , Gao Mengmeng , Yuan Huageng , Shen Chuanan
Published: June 2023

Deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) is a relatively complex wound in wound reconstruction surgery. Because plastic surgeons deal with DSWI patients late. The primary healing (healing by first intention) after reconstruction of DSWI is restricted by many preoperative risk factors. The purpose of this study is to explore and analyse the risk factors of primary healing failure in patients with DSWI treated with platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) and negative pressure trauma therapy (NPWT). 115 DSWI patients treated with the PRP and NPWT (PRP + NPWT) modality were retrospectively (2013‐2021) analysed. They were divided into two groups according to primary healing results after the first PRP + NPWT treatment. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to compare the data of the two groups to find out the risk factors and their optimal cut‐off values were identified by ROC analysis. The primary healing results, debridement history, wound size, sinus, osteomyelitis, renal function, bacterial culture, albumin (ALB), platelet (PLT) between the two groups were significantly different (P < 0.05). Binary logistic regression showed that osteomyelitis, sinus, ALB and PLT were the risk factors affecting primary healing outcomes (P < 0.05). ROC analysis showed that AUC for ALB in the non‐primary healing group was 0.743 (95% CI: 0.650‐0.836, P < 0.05) and its optimal cutoff value of 31 g/L was associated with primary healing failure with a sensitivity of 96.9% and specificity of 45.1%. AUC for PLT in the non‐primary healing group was 0.670 (95% CI: 0.571 ~ 0.770, P < 0.05) its optimal cutoff value of 293 × 109/L was associated with primary healing failure with a sensitivity of 72.5% and specificity of 56.3%. In the cases included in this study, the success rate of primary healing of DSWI treated with PRP + NPWT was not affected by the most common preoperative risk factors for wound non‐union. It is indirectly confirmed that PRP + NPWT is an ideal treatment. However, it should be noted that it will still be adversely affected by sinus osteomyelitis, ALB and PLT. The patients need to be carefully evaluated and corrected before reconstruction.
Children's cognitive performance and suicide risk through middle adulthood
Authors: Vidal‐Ribas Pablo , Govender Theemeshni , Yu Jing , Sundaram Rajeshwari , Perlis Roy H. , Gilman Stephen E.
Published: June 2023

Background

Longitudinal studies show that lower cognitive performance in adolescence and early adulthood is associated with higher risk of suicide death throughout adulthood. However, it is unclear whether this cognitive vulnerability originates earlier in childhood since studies conducted in children are scarce and have inconsistent results.

Methods

Vital status of 49,853 individuals born between 1959 and 1966 to participants in the Collaborative Perinatal Project cohort was determined by a probabilistic linkage to the National Death Index, covering all US deaths occurring from 1979 through 2016. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine associations of general, verbal, and non‐verbal intelligence at ages 4 and 7, and academic skills at age 7 with suicide death coded according to ICD‐9/10 criteria, while accounting for sociodemographic and pregnancy factors previously associated with suicide in this sample.

Results

By the end of 2016, 288 cohort members had died by suicide. Cognitive performance at 7 years on tests with verbal components was associated with suicide risk (average vs. high verbal intelligence, HR = 1.97, 95% CI 1.05–3.71; low vs. high spelling skills, HR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.16–3.51; low vs. high reading skills, HR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.27–3.17). Associations were still evident, especially for verbal intelligence and reading skills, but hazard ratios were attenuated after adjusting for prenatal and sociodemographic factors at birth (verbal intelligence, HR = 1.97, 95% CI 1.03–3.78; spelling, HR = 1.61, 95% CI 0.90–2.88; reading, HR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.02–2.72).

Conclusions

Childhood neurocognitive performance is associated with vulnerability to suicide mortality through middle‐adulthood, suggesting that there might be a cognitive diathesis for suicide originating in early childhood. Future studies should examine how multiple domains of childhood cognitive performance contribute to vulnerability to suicide risk, including by increasing risk for social and environmental factors that are associated not only with suicide but also with many types of psychiatric disorders.
Underwater analysis of the reproductive behaviour and egg development of the jawfish Opistognathus iyonis
Authors: Nemoto Yuki , Ogawa Tomoyuki
Published: June 2023

Fishes of the jawfish family Opistognathidae are cryptobenthic and distributed in subtropical seas, and new species are still being reported. Opistognathus spp. live alone in burrows and males orally brood their egg clutches. The life cycle of jawfish, including their reproductive behaviour, is poorly understood. Here we describe the natural reproduction and embryonic development of Opistognathus iyonis in Yamaguchi, Japan, based on underwater surveys for 3 years. Spawning was observed as female jawfish came into the male's burrow ~30 min before sunrise. The jawfish had a mean number of 4.4 egg clutches in the burrow through 48.2 days, and the egg took 12 days to hatching. The mean temperature for developmental days was 20.8°C. The mean and cumulative water temperature during development significantly correlated with the number of developmental days. During egg development, male jawfish took care of eggs by holding them for part of the time in their mouths. Hatching was observed ~20 min after sunset. When hatching occurred orally, eggs were pushed out and back repeatedly using the lower jaw; consequently, the egg clutches were let out in an upward direction. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of the reproductive behaviour of O. iyonis in the natural environment in the same area for several years.
A new method for calculating interplanar spacing to distinguish between similar phases in EBSD
Authors: Peng Fan , Zhang Jimei , Liu Ziwei , Song Xuemei , Zheng Wei , Zeng Yi
Published: June 2023

Commercial electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) systems generally use interplanar angle matching for pattern indexing, and thus, they are unable to distinguish between some similar phases with close interplanar angles, such as Al and Si. The interplanar spacing is more diagnostic but generally difficult to apply in pattern indexing because it lacks precision. In this study, we proposed an efficient approach for accurately measuring interplanar spacing by correcting the reciprocal‐lattice vector (RLV). The phase discrimination of Al and Si was performed by interplanar spacing matching. The Kikuchi bands were identified automatically by the self‐developed method using pattern rotation combined with grey gradient recognition without the help of human eyes. The reliable RLV relationship was extracted by accurately drawing reciprocal‐lattice vectors. The lengths of RLVs were corrected, and then the RLVs were used for evaluating lattice spacing. The results of five Kikuchi patterns with different clarity showed that this new method reduced the average error of interplanar spacings by 50.611% and achieved an average accuracy of 1.644% for lattice spacing calculation. The method could distinguish structures with a difference in lattice spacing of at least 3.3%. This method was also effective for fuzzy patterns and partially missing Kikuchi bands and might be used as a new strategy for improving the calculation accuracy of lattice spacing for fuzzy patterns. The method did not have additional requirements concerning the number of detected Kikuchi bands and poles. The accuracy of lattice spacing could be effectively improved by correcting the RLVs based on routine pattern recognition. This method might be used as an auxiliary approach to differentiate between similar phases and is well‐adapted to the existing commercial EBSD system.
Consumer skepticism, advertising regulation, and the internet: Questions worth exploring
Authors: Ringold Debra Jones
Published: June 2023

Since 1990, the US advertising, regulatory, and consumer information landscapes have changed materially, raising the possibility that consumers' fundamental beliefs about advertising as an activity or institution have also changed. Nine national polls of advertising sentiment, fielded between 1964 and 1989 by the Roper Organization or the Opinion Research Corporation, were replicated with panel members matched to the US adult population. Preliminary results suggest that the internet era may have fostered a trust‐because‐we‐can‐verify consumer attitude toward advertising. The internet has changed the consumer information landscape by reducing the difficulty of assessing claims, fostering independent evaluators who often include competitors, and providing a venue for consumer retaliation. The implications for advertising regulation may contradict the Pertschuk view (1982) of regulation again embraced by some at the Federal Trade Commission. Rather than enhancing the need for advertising regulation and enforcement, the internet may have reduced the need for such efforts.
Modernizing standards of identity for juice: Evidence from consumer acceptance of orange juice blend
Authors: Yu Luqing , Yoon Sungeun , Wu Qianyan , Gao Zhifeng , Hricik Stephanie , Goodrich‐Schneider Renee , Sims Charles , Wang Yu
Published: June 2023

The Standards of Identity (SOI) for food may prevent the adoption of the strategies that help sustain the development of some food industries. This study provides comprehensive insights into the possibility of regulation changes with SOI for orange juice from consumer perspectives. Results show that the juice blends with 50% orange juice and 50% tangerine juice received the highest sensory scores. However, most consumers do not think juice blends with less than 70% orange juice can be called orange juice. The WTP for juice blends with less than 70% orange juice also decreases significantly. The results provide strong support for modifying the current SOI for orange juice. In addition, the ratio of 70% orange juice and 30% non‐orange juice (tangerine/mandarin) is an appropriate threshold for starting the change to the SOI for orange juice. Successful modification to food SOI should consider its impact on both food quality and consumer perceptions.
Are men treated differently in clinical placements during nursing studies? A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Salamonson Yenna , Maneze Della , Smith Brandon W. , Duff Jed , Theobald Karen A. , Montayre Jed , McTier Lauren , Donnelly Frank
Published: June 2023

Aim and Objective

To explore the perceptions of nursing students regarding the treatment of men in nursing during their clinical placement.

Background

Negative placement experiences of men who are nursing students is a risk factor for student attrition. Hence, exploring gender disparity in treatment during placement from both men and women studying nursing will contribute to improving student experience and reducing attrition.

Design

Survey capturing both quantitative and qualitative data.

Methods

Nursing students were surveyed between July and September 2021 across 16 Schools of Nursing in Australia. In addition to the Clinical Learning Environment Inventory (CLEI‐19), an open‐ended question explored if men received different treatment during clinical placement.

Results

Those who expressed difference in treatment of men were less satisfied with their clinical learning experience (p < .001). Of the 486 (39.6%) who responded to the open‐ended question, 152 (31%) indicated a difference in the treatment of men, reporting that men received: (a) better (39%); (b) different, not exclusively better or worse (19%); and (c) worse (42%) treatment from either the clinical facilitator or ward staff. While both men and women perceived gender differences in the treatment of men during placement, men were more likely to report worse treatment.

Conclusion

Despite the advances achieved in recruiting men in nursing, negative experiences during clinical placement are characterised by stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination, adversely impact retention.

Relevance to clinical practice

Nurse educators need to recognise specific support students require during placement regardless of gender. Our findings reinforce the adverse impacts of inequitable treatment on both men and women nursing students on learning, clinical performance, morale and ultimately on retention in the nursing workforce. Addressing gender stereotyping and discrimination in the undergraduate nursing program is an important step in promoting diversity and inclusivity in the nursing workforce.
Turkish Version of the Sleep Self‐Report Scale: Factorial Structure and Psychometric Properties for 8‐12‐Year Old Children
Authors: Ateş Esin , Konal Korkmaz Ebru , Temel Ayla Baylk
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Appropriate diagnosis of sleep problems is crucial, given the importance of sleep in childhood development. The Sleep Self‐Report Scale (SSRS) is used to assess children's sleep problems in the United States and Spain, and this study aimed to expand the usability of this instrument by evaluating its validity and reliability in Turkish children.

Methods

Between March 2019 and December 2019, this methodological, descriptive, correlational study was conducted on 1138 children. The sociodemographic information form and the SSRS were used to collect data. Factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and item‐total score analysis were used for data analysis.

Results

The scale consists of 23 items and 3 sub‐dimensions. Three sub‐dimensions were observed to explain 58.79% of the total variance. All goodness of fit indices were >0.90 and the root mean square error was <0.08 in the confirmatory factor analysis. For the entire scale, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient is .94.

Conclusions

The SSRS was found to be a valid and reliable instrument to identify sleep problems. The factorial structure supported by exploratory and confirmatory analysis examines the most relevant areas of sleep in children.
Histopathological patterns and differential behavioural of Rhizoctonia solani causing sheath blight in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Thesiya Mayur R. , Lore Jagjeet S. , Bhatia Dharminder , Kalia Anu , Hunjan Mandeep S. , Kaur Rupinder
Published: June 2023

Sheath blight of rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn [teleomorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk] is a significant threat to rice cultivation, accounting for up to 50% yield losses. The present investigation demonstrates the early pathogenesis events and R. solani pre‐ and post‐penetration activities on moderately resistant (MR) and highly susceptible (HS) lines under field conditions. A pure culture of R. solani isolate (R1965) was inoculated inside the sheath at the maximum tillering stage for different time intervals (24, 48, 72 and 96 hpi). R. solani exhibited more profuse, dense, closely contact around surface grooves, lobate appressoria‐like structures and greater microsclerotia development on the HS line compared to the MR one. Using fluorescent, optical, and scanning electron microscopy, it was noticed for the first time that R. solani could intercept sheath papillae and employ them for attachment or penetration in two ways: (a) direct penetration by lobate or runner hyphae, appressorium and infection cushion and (b) indirect stomatal penetration. Assays using in vivo plant inoculation showed that disease lesion length was higher in the HS line than the MR line. Intraxylary hyphal colonization could be seen using microtomy to understand the cellular spatial dynamics of xylem colonization by R. solani. The penetration mechanism along with penetration hyphae of the R. solani inside HS rice lines describe in this paper for the first time using optical ultrastructure. These results supported for better understanding of host–pathogen interaction, penetration mechanism and colonization of R. solani in rice.
Maternal exposure to zolpidem and risk of specific birth defects
Authors: Howley Meredith M. , Werler Martha M. , Fisher Sarah C. , Tracy Melissa , Van Zutphen Alissa R. , Papadopoulos Eleni A. , Hansen Craig , Ailes Elizabeth C. , Reefhuis Jennita , Wood Mollie E. , Browne Marilyn L. ,   for the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: June 2023

Zolpidem is a non‐benzodiazepine agent indicated for treatment of insomnia. While zolpidem crosses the placenta, little is known about its safety in pregnancy. We assessed associations between self‐reported zolpidem use 1 month before pregnancy through to the end of the third month (“early pregnancy”) and specific birth defects using data from two multi‐site case–control studies: National Birth Defects Prevention Study and Slone Epidemiology Center Birth Defects Study. Analysis included 39,711 birth defect cases and 23,035 controls without a birth defect. For defects with ≥ 5 exposed cases, we used logistic regression with Firth's penalised likelihood to estimate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, considering age at delivery, race/ethnicity, education, body mass index, parity, early‐pregnancy antipsychotic, anxiolytic, antidepressant use, early‐pregnancy opioid use, early‐pregnancy smoking, and study as potential covariates. For defects with three–four exposed cases, we estimated crude odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Additionally, we explored differences in odds ratios using propensity score‐adjustment and conducted a probabilistic bias analysis of exposure misclassification. Overall, 84 (0.2%) cases and 46 (0.2%) controls reported early‐pregnancy zolpidem use. Seven defects had sufficient sample size to calculate adjusted odds ratios, which ranged from 0.76 for cleft lip to 2.18 for gastroschisis. Four defects had odds ratios > 1.8. All confidence intervals included the null. Zolpidem use was rare. We could not calculate adjusted odds ratios for most defects and estimates are imprecise. Results do not support a large increase in risk, but smaller increases in risk for certain defects cannot be ruled out.
Clinical presentation, causative drugs and outcome of patients with autoimmune features in two prospective DILI registries
Authors: García‐Cortés Miren , Ortega‐Alonso Aida , Matilla‐Cabello Gonzalo , Medina‐Cáliz Inmaculada , Castiella Agustín , Conde Isabel , Bonilla‐Toyos Elvira , Pinazo‐Bandera José , Hernández Nelia , Tagle Martin , Nunes Vinicius , Parana Raymundo , Bessone Fernando , Kaplowitz Neil , Lucena M. Isabel , Alvarez‐Alvarez Ismael , Robles‐Díaz Mercedes , Andrade Raúl J.
Published: June 2023

Background & aims

Idiosyncratic drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) with autoimmune features is a liver condition with laboratory and histological characteristics similar to those of idiopathic autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), which despite being increasingly reported, remains largely undefined. We aimed to describe in‐depth the features of this entity in a large series of patients from two prospective DILI registries.

Methods

DILI cases with autoimmune features collected in the Spanish DILI Registry and the Latin American DILI Network were compared with DILI patients without autoimmune features and with an independent cohort of patients with AIH.

Results

Out of 1,426 patients with DILI, 33 cases with autoimmune features were identified. Female sex was more frequent in AIH patients than in the other groups (p = .001). DILI cases with autoimmune features had significantly longer time to onset (p < .001) and resolution time (p = .004) than those without autoimmune features. Interestingly, DILI patients with autoimmune features who relapsed exhibited significantly higher total bilirubin and transaminases at onset and absence of peripheral eosinophilia than those who did not relapse. The likelihood of relapse increased over time, from 17% at 6 months to 50% 4 years after biochemical normalization. Statins, nitrofurantoin and minocycline were the drugs most frequently associated with this phenotype.

Conclusions

DILI with autoimmune features shows different clinical features than DILI patients lacking characteristics of autoimmunity. Higher transaminases and total bilirubin values with no eosinophilia at presentation increase the likelihood of relapse in DILI with autoimmune features. As the tendency to relapse increases over time, these patients will require long‐term follow‐up.
EUS‐guided coil and glue injection versus endoscopic glue injection for gastric varices: International multicentre propensity‐matched analysis
Authors: Samanta Jayanta , Nabi Zaheer , Facciorusso Antonio , Dhar Jahnvi , Akbar Wahid , Das Aritra , Birda Chhagan Lal , Mangiavillano Benedetto , Auriemma Francesco , Crino Stefano Francesco , Kochhar Rakesh , Lakhtakia Sundeep , Reddy Duvvur Nageshwar
Published: June 2023

Background

Gastric varices (GVs) are conventionally managed with endoscopic cyanoacrylate (E‐CYA) glue injection. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided therapy using combination of coils and CYA glue (EUS‐CG) is a relatively recent modality. There is limited data comparing the two techniques.

Methodology

This international multicentre study included patients with GV undergoing endotherapy from two Indian and two Italian tertiary care centres. Patients undergoing EUS‐CG were compared with propensity‐matched E‐CYA cases from a cohort of 218 patients. Procedural details such as amount of glue, number of coils used, number of sessions required for obliteration, bleeding after index procedure rates and need for re‐intervention were noted.

Results

Of 276 patients, 58 (male 42, 72.4%; mean age—44.3 ± 12.1 years) underwent EUS‐CG and were compared with 118 propensity‐matched cases of E‐CYA. In the EUS‐CG arm, complete obliteration at 4 weeks was noted in 54 (93.1%) cases. Compared to the E‐CYA cohort, EUS‐CG arm showed significantly lower number of session (1.0 vs. 1.5; p < 0.0001) requirement, lower subsequent‐bleeding episodes (13.8% vs. 39.1%; p < 0.0001) and lower re‐intervention (12.1% vs. 50.4%; p < 0.001) rates. On multivariable regression analysis, size of the varix (aOR‐1.17; CI 1.08–1.26) and technique of therapy (aOR‐14.71; CI 4.32–50.0) were significant predictors of re‐bleeding. A maximum GV size >17.5 mm had a 69% predictive accuracy for need for re‐intervention.

Conclusion

Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided therapy of GV using coil and CYA glue is a safe technique with better efficacy and lower re‐bleeding rates on follow‐up compared to the conventional endoscopic CYA therapy.
Maintenance and expansion of genetic and trait variation following domestication in a clonal crop
Authors: White Oliver W. , Biswas Manosh Kumar , Abebe Wendawek M. , Dussert Yann , Kebede Firew , Nichols Richard A. , Buggs Richard J. A. , Demissew Sebsebe , Woldeyes Feleke , Papadopulos Alexander S. T. , Schwarzacher Trude , Heslop‐Harrison Pat J. S. , Wilkin Paul , Borrell James S.
Published: June 2023

Clonal propagation enables favourable crop genotypes to be rapidly selected and multiplied. However, the absence of sexual propagation can lead to low genetic diversity and accumulation of deleterious mutations, which may eventually render crops less resilient to pathogens or environmental change. To better understand this trade‐off, we characterize the domestication and contemporary genetic diversity of Enset (Ensete ventricosum), an indigenous African relative of bananas (Musa) and a principal starch staple for 20 million Ethiopians. Wild enset reproduction occurs strictly by sexual outcrossing, but for cultivation, it is propagated clonally and associated with diversification and specialization into hundreds of named landraces. We applied tGBS sequencing to generate genome‐wide genotypes for 192 accessions from across enset's cultivated distribution, and surveyed 1340 farmers on enset agronomic traits. Overall, reduced heterozygosity in the domesticated lineage was consistent with a domestication bottleneck that retained 37% of wild diversity. However, an excess of putatively deleterious missense mutations at low frequency present as heterozygotes suggested an accumulation of mutational load in clonal domesticated lineages. Our evidence indicates that the major domesticated lineages initially arose through historic sexual recombination associated with a domestication bottleneck, followed by the amplification of favourable genotypes through an extended period of clonal propagation. Among domesticated lineages, we found a significant phylogenetic signal for multiple farmer‐identified food, nutrition and disease resistance traits and little evidence of contemporary recombination. The development of future‐climate adapted genotypes may require crop breeding, but outcrossing risks exposing deleterious alleles as homozygotes. This trade‐off may partly explain the ubiquity and persistence of clonal propagation over recent centuries of comparative climate stability.
A Guide to the American Community Survey (ACS) for the Rural Researcher: Unpacking the Conceptual and Technical Aspects of Using Secondary Data for Rural Research☆
Authors: LeBeau Kristie
Published: June 2023

Sparsely populated rural areas are susceptible to high levels of error in their data, making it difficult to examine patterns and trends across geographies. This article aims to advance research methods for rural researchers by offering guidelines for navigating high levels of error associated with the American Community Survey (ACS). The ACS presents a useful source of U.S. community level data for rural researchers to utilize in school–community research but not without its difficulties. The small population sizes of rural communities often translate to large margins of error in the data, presenting a degree of uncertainty in the actual measure. To illustrate challenges and best practice, the author conducts a case study of the relationship between the presence of schools and economic vitality of rural communities in Indiana using ACS data. The author demonstrates how to examine the error in the data, introduces options to reduce uncertainty, and ultimately, explains how to move forward with the data, working with the margin of error and acknowledging its presence in the analysis and results. This article offers suggestions and techniques to assist rural researchers in navigating ACS obstacles so that they might produce transparent results with as little uncertainty as possible.
Monitoring structural scale composite specimens in a post‐buckling regime: The integrated finite element stereo digital image correlation approach with geometrically non‐linear regularization
Authors: Dufour J.‐E. , Colantonio G. , Bouvet C. , Périé J.‐N. , Passieux J.‐C. , Serra J.
Published: June 2023

Even though the simulations used to describe the failure of laminates are becoming more and more predictive, complex testing under multiaxial loadings is still required to validate the design of structural parts in a wide range of industrial domains. It is thus essential to assess the actual boundary conditions to allow for an objective comparison between testing and calculations, in particular since the structural tests are complex and often leads to buckling. Therefore, accurate estimation of force and moment fluxes applied to the specimen is critical. In this context, stereo digital image correlation (SDIC) has proven to be an important measurement tool and provides very well‐resolved surface displacement fields, but the exploitation of such measurements to calculate fluxes remains problematic when testing composites. The first objective of this study is both to reduce the uncertainty associated with fluxes determination on a complex test and to simplify the extraction process with respect to existing procedures. The second objective is to make this methodology robust to geometrically non‐linear deformations. In this paper, we propose a new methodology that extracts minimal boundary conditions in the form of 3D mechanically admissible displacements fields. The approach developed uses a finite element SDIC (FE‐SDIC) method regularized by means of mechanical behaviour admissibility equations. Results show that the new methodology outputs much more accurate fluxes than classical data generated from multiple differentiations of the displacement fields. Excellent noise robustness is obtained and quantified. Numerical predictions have been satisfactorily compared with experimental data from one structural‐scale composite specimen under complex testing.
Stillbirth and early neonatal mortality rates may be underestimated using recall information: A comparison of demographic surveillance methodologies
Authors: Jensen Andreas Møller , Thysen Sanne Marie , Furtado Oides , Correia Claudino , Helleringer Stéphane , von Bornemann Hjelmborg Jacob , Fisker Ane Bærent
Published: June 2023

Objective

Child mortality and stillbirth rates (SBR) remain high in low‐income countries but may be underestimated due to incomplete reporting of child deaths in retrospective pregnancy/birth histories. The aim of this study is to compare stillbirth and mortality estimates derived using two different methods: the method assuming full information and the prospective method.

Methods

Bandim Health Project's Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems (HDSS) follows women of reproductive age and children under five through routine home visits every 1, 2 or 6 months. Between 2012 and 2020, we estimated and compared early neonatal (ENMR, <7 days), neonatal (NMR, <28 days), and infant mortality (IMR, <1 year) per 1000 live births and SBR per 1000 births. Risk time for children born to registered women was calculated from birth (the method assuming full information) versus date of first observation in the HDSS (the prospective method), either at birth (for pregnancy registration) or registration. Rates were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier estimator and compared in generalised linear models allowing for within‐child correlation obtaining relative risks (RR).

Results

We registered and followed 29,413 infants (1380 deaths; 1459 stillbirths) prospectively. An additional 164 infant deaths and 129 stillbirths were registered retrospectively and included in the method assuming full information. The ENMR was 24.5 (95%CI: 22.6–26.4) for the method assuming full information and 25.8 (23.7–27.8) for the prospective method, RR = 0.96 (0.93–0.99). Differences were smaller for the NMRs and IMRs. For SBRs, the estimates were 53.5 (50.9–56.0) and 58.6 (55.7–61.5); RR = 0.91 (0.90–0.93). The difference between methods became more pronounced when the analysis was limited to areas visited every 6 months: RR for ENMR: 0.91 (0.86–0.96) and RR for SBR: 0.85 (0.83–0.87).

Conclusions

Assuming full information underestimates SBR and ENMR. Accounting for omissions of stillbirths and early neonatal deaths may lead to more accurate estimates and improved ability to monitor mortality.
Arabidopsis EIN2 represses ABA responses during germination and early seedling growth by inactivating HLS1 protein independently of the canonical ethylene pathway
Authors: Guo Renkang , Wen Xing , Zhang Wei , Huang Li , Peng Yang , Jin Lian , Han Huihui , Zhang Linlin , Li Wenyang , Guo Hongwei
Published: June 2023

The signaling pathways for the phytohormones ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) have antagonistic effects on seed germination and early seedling establishment. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In Arabidopsis thaliana, ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2 (EIN2) localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); although its biochemical function is unknown, it connects the ethylene signal with the key transcription factors EIN3 and EIN3‐LIKE 1 (EIL1), leading to the transcriptional activation of ethylene‐responsive genes. In this study, we uncovered an EIN3/EIL1‐independent role for EIN2 in regulating the ABA response. Epistasis analysis demonstrated that this distinct role of EIN2 in the ABA response depends on HOOKLESS 1 (HLS1), the putative histone acetyltransferase acting as a positive regulator of ABA responses. Protein interaction assays supported a direct physical interaction between EIN2 and HLS1 in vitro and in vivo. Loss of EIN2 function resulted in an alteration of HLS1‐mediated histone acetylation at the ABA‐INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3) and ABI5 loci, which promotes gene expression and the ABA response during seed germination and early seedling growth, indicating that the EIN2–HLS1 module contributes to ABA responses. Our study thus revealed that EIN2 modulates ABA responses by repressing HLS1 function, independently of the canonical ethylene pathway. These findings shed light on the intricate regulatory mechanisms underling the antagonistic interactions between ethylene and ABA signaling, with significant implications for our understanding of plant growth and development.
Trade sanctions and international market integration: Evidence from the sanctions on Iranian methanol exports
Authors: Massol Olivier , Hache Emmanuel , Banal‐Estañol Albert
Published: June 2023

This paper examines the impact of trade sanctions, imposed against large exporting nations, on the degree of spatial integration achieved between non‐sanctioned importing markets. The analysis is conducted under a parity bounds framework based on Negassa and Myers (American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 89, 2007, 338). We apply this model to investigate the effects of the 2012–2016 sanctions against Iran's petrochemical exports on the main importing markets in Asia and we use it to measure the degrees of spatial integration attained outside and during the sanction period. Our findings document a complete reconfiguration of the spatial extent of the methanol markets. Outside of the sanction period, a high degree of market integration was achieved among the main Asian markets. In contrast, we observe the emergence of two little integrated market areas, China and India on one side and South Korea and South‐East Asia on the other, when sanctions are imposed.
Growth mode and characterizations of electrodeposited Re thick films from aqueous solutions with additives on Cu (110) + (311) substrates
Authors: Wu Wangping , Lin Sheng , Wang Qinqin
Published: June 2023

Rhenium (Re) thick films were electrodeposited on copper (Cu) substrates with (110) + (311) texture from aqueous solutions with additives of 2 g l−1 gelatin, 1 mM sodium lauryl sulfate, and 1 mM vanillin. The microstructure and morphology of the films with different thickness values were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microcopy. The chemical composition and the crystallographic structure of the films were identified by energy dispersive spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction, respectively. Re thick films were obtained due to the synergistic effect of additives. The additives had a significant influence on electrodeposition of the films. The microstructure and growth mode of Re films were influenced by surface topography and orientation texture of the substrate. The deposition rate was about 0.064 mg min−1. Re thin films adhered well to the substrate with no evidence of delamination and cracking. However, the Re thick film was not stable, fine microcracks were present, and even delamination occurred in vacuum condition due to large residual stress in the deposits or the shrinkage from decomposition of Re hydrides in the vacuum environment. Re films consisted of an amorphous phase structure. The Re film had a high hardness of 349 ± 15 VHN and exhibited a Stranski–Krastanov growth mode.
Longitudinal Changes in Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity in Community-Dwelling Older Men and Women: A 2-Year Prospective Cohort Study in Japan
Authors: Chen Tao , Chen Sanmei , Honda Takanori , Nofuji Yu , Kishimoto Hiro , Narazaki Kenji
Published: June 2023

Background: To examine longitudinal changes in accelerometer-measured moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and associated factors of changes in MVPA among community-dwelling older Japanese men and women over 2 years of follow-up. Methods: In total, 601 participants (72.2 [5.4] y, 40.6% men) were included. MVPA was assessed at baseline (2011) and follow-up (2013) using triaxial accelerometers. Sex-stratified multiple linear regression models were used to identify associated factors of changes in MVPA. Results: On average, a significant decrease in MVPA over 2 years was observed only in women (P < .001). Higher baseline MVPA levels and older age were significantly associated with a decrease in MVPA over 2 years in both men and women. Men who were currently drinking (vs no) and had faster maximum gait speed showed statistically significant increases in MVPA. Women who had very poor/poor economic status (vs fair/good) and were socially isolated (vs no) showed statistically significant increases in MVPA over 2 years, while those who had fear of falling (vs no) and poor/fair self-rated health (vs good/very good) showed statistically significant decreases in MVPA over 2 years. Conclusions: Our findings showed different associated factors of changes in MVPA by sex, suggesting the importance of accounting for sex differences in terms of developing specific intervention strategies for promoting MVPA among older men and women.
Elucidating the role of a unique step-like interfacial structure of η
4
precipitates in Al-Zn-Mg alloy
Authors: Kim Hwangsun , Choi Howook , Oh Juhyun , Lee Sangmin , Kwon Ho , Park Eun Soo , Lee Sungwoo , Lee Gun-Do , Kim Miyoung , Han Heung Nam
Published: June 2023

Al-Zn-Mg alloys are widely used in the transportation industry owing to their high strength-to-weight ratio. In these alloys, the main strengthening mechanism is precipitation hardening that occurs because of the formation of nano-sized precipitates. Herein, an interfacial structure of η
4
precipitates, one of the main precipitates in these alloys, is revealed using aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and first-principles calculations. These precipitates exhibit a pseudo-periodic steps and bridges. The results of this study demonstrate that the peculiar interface structure of η
4
/Al relieves the strain energy of η
4
precipitates thus stabilizing them. The atomistic role of this interfacial structure in the nucleation and growth of the precipitates is elucidated. This study paves the way for tailoring the mechanical properties of alloys by controlling their precipitation kinetics.