bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Information-aware Multi-view Outlier Detection
Authors: Lai Jinrong , Wang Tong , Chen Chuan , Zheng Zibin
Published: December 2023

With the development of multi-view learning, multi-view outlier detection has received increasing attention in recent years. However, the current research still faces two challenges: (1) The current research lacks theoretical analysis tools for multi-view outliers. (2) Most current multi-view outlier detection algorithms are based on shallow structural assumptions of the data, such as cluster assumptions and subspace assumptions, thus they are not suitable for more complex data distributions. In addressing these two issues, this article proposes three occurrence mechanisms of multi-view outlier, which serve as foundational theoretical analysis tools for multi-view outliers. Utilizing proposed mechanisms, we analyze the impact of multi-view outliers and the information structure of multi-view data and validate our findings through experiments. Finally, we propose a novel algorithm referred to as Information-Aware Multi-View Outlier Detection (IAMOD). In contrast to other methods, IAMOD focuses on the information structure of multi-view data without relying on shallow structural assumptions. By learning a compact representation of the sample that is semantically rich and non-redundant, IAMOD can accurately identify multi-view outliers by comparing the consistency of the representations’ neighbors and views. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our approach outperforms several state-of-the-art multi-view outlier detection methods.
The Effects of Codon Usage on Protein Structure and Folding
Authors: Moss McKenze J. , Chamness Laura M. , Clark Patricia L.
Published: December 2023

The rate of protein synthesis is slower than many folding reactions and varies depending on the synonymous codons encoding the protein sequence. Synonymous codon substitutions thus have the potential to regulate cotranslational protein folding mechanisms, and a growing number of proteins have been identified with folding mechanisms sensitive to codon usage. Typically, these proteins have complex folding pathways and kinetically stable native structures. Kinetically stable proteins may fold only once over their lifetime, and thus, codon-mediated regulation of the pioneer round of protein folding can have a lasting impact. Supporting an important role for codon usage in folding, conserved patterns of codon usage appear in homologous gene families, hinting at selection. Despite these exciting developments, there remains few experimental methods capable of quantifying translation elongation rates and cotranslational folding mechanisms in the cell, which challenges the development of a predictive understanding of how biology uses codons to regulate protein folding.
Ancestral Reconstruction and the Evolution of Protein Energy Landscapes
Authors: Chisholm Lauren O. , Orlandi Kona N. , Phillips Sophia R. , Shavlik Michael J. , Harms Michael J.
Published: December 2023

A protein's sequence determines its conformational energy landscape. This, in turn, determines the protein's function. Understanding the evolution of new protein functions therefore requires understanding how mutations alter the protein energy landscape. Ancestral sequence reconstruction (ASR) has proven a valuable tool for tackling this problem. In ASR, one phylogenetically infers the sequences of ancient proteins, allowing characterization of their properties. When coupled to biophysical, biochemical, and functional characterization, ASR can reveal how historical mutations altered the energy landscape of ancient proteins, allowing the evolution of enzyme activity, altered conformations, binding specificity, oligomerization, and many other protein features. In this article, we review how ASR studies have been used to dissect the evolution of energy landscapes. We also discuss ASR studies that reveal how energy landscapes have shaped protein evolution. Finally, we propose that thinking about evolution from the perspective of an energy landscape can improve how we approach and interpret ASR studies.
Nonconventional Technologies in Lipid Modifications
Authors: Phuah Eng-Tong , Lee Yee-Ying , Tang Teck-Kim , Akoh Casimir , Cheong Ling-Zhi , Tan Chin-Ping , Wang Yong , Lai Oi-Ming
Published: December 2023

Lipid modifications play a crucial role in various fields, including food science, pharmaceuticals, and biofuel production. Traditional methods for lipid modifications involve physical and chemical approaches or enzymatic reactions, which often have limitations in terms of specificity, efficiency, and environmental impact. In recent years, nonconventional technologies have emerged as promising alternatives for lipid modifications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of nonconventional technologies for lipid modifications, including high-pressure processing, pulsed electric fields, ultrasound, ozonation, and cold plasma technology. The principles,mechanisms, and advantages of these technologies are discussed, along with their applications in lipid modification processes. Additionally, the challenges and future perspectives of nonconventional technologies in lipid modifications are addressed, highlighting the potential and challenges for further advancements in this field. The integration of nonconventional technologies with traditional methods has the potential to revolutionize lipid modifications, enabling the development of novel lipid-based products with enhanced functional properties and improved sustainability profiles.
Turning the Health Equity Lens to Diversity in Asian American Health Profiles
Authors: Ðoàn Lan N. , Chau Michelle M. , Ahmed Naheed , Cao Jiepin , Chan Sze Wan Celine , Yi Stella S.
Published: December 2023

The monolithic misrepresentation of Asian American (AsAm) populations has maintained assumptions that AsAm people are not burdened by health disparities and social and economic inequities. However, the story is more nuanced. We critically review AsAm health research to present knowledge of AsAm health profiles from the past two decades and present findings and opportunities across three topical domains: (a) general descriptive knowledge, (b) factors affecting health care uptake, and (c) effective interventions. Much of the literature emphasized underutilization of health care services; low knowledge and awareness among AsAms about health-related risk factors, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment; inadequate efforts by health systems to improve language access, provider–patient communication, and trust; and the critical roles of community- and faith-based organizations and leaders in health promotion initiatives. Future opportunities for AsAm health research will require adoption of and significant investment in community-engaged research infrastructure to increase representation, funding, and research innovation for AsAm communities.
Advancing the Science and Application of Implementation Science to Promote Health Equity: Commentary on the Symposium
Authors: Shelton Rachel C. , Brownson Ross C.
Published: December 2023

There has been an increasing focus on making health equity a more explicit and foundational aspect of the research being conducted in public health and implementation science. This commentary provides an overview of five reviews in this Annual Review of Public Health symposium on Implementation Science and Health Equity. These articles reflect on and advance the application of core implementation science principles and concepts, with a focus on promoting health equity across a diverse range of public health and health care settings. Taken together, the symposium articles highlight critical conceptual, methodological, and empirical advances in the study designs, frameworks, and approaches that can help address equity considerations in the use of implementation science in both domestic and global contexts. Finally, this commentary highlights how work featured in this symposium can help inform future directions for rapidly taking public health to scale, particularly among systemically marginalized populations and communities.
Electronic hookah (waterpipe) vaping reduces vascular endothelial function: the role of nicotine
Authors: Rezk-Hanna Mary , Rossman Matthew J. , Ludwig Katelyn , Sakti Primadya , Cheng Chiao-Wei , Brecht Mary-Lynn , Benowitz Neal L. , Seals Douglas R.
Published: December 2023

Despite safety claims heavily advertised by the hookah tobacco industry, acute e-hookah vaping induces in vivo endothelial dysfunction by impairing ex vivo NO bioavailability associated with increased ROS production. These effects are attributable to nicotine, not to nonnicotine constituents, present in the flavored e-liquid.
Current perspective on circadian function of the kidney
Authors: Benjamin Jazmine I. , Pollock David M.
Published: December 2023

Behavior and function of living systems are synchronized by the 24-h rotation of the Earth that guides physiology according to time of day. However, when behavior becomes misaligned from the light-dark cycle, such as in rotating shift work, jet lag, and even unusual eating patterns, adverse health consequences such as cardiovascular or cardiometabolic disease can arise. The discovery of cell-autonomous molecular clocks expanded interest in regulatory systems that control circadian physiology including within the kidney, where function varies along a 24-h cycle. Our understanding of the mechanisms for circadian control of physiology is in the early stages, and so the present review provides an overview of what is known and the many gaps in our current understanding. We include a particular focus on the impact of eating behaviors, especially meal timing. A better understanding of the mechanisms guiding circadian function of the kidney is expected to reveal new insights into causes and consequences of a wide range of disorders involving the kidney, including hypertension, obesity, and chronic kidney disease.
Ecological and Real-Time Route Selection Method for Multiple Vehicles in Urban Road Network
Authors: Yan Liping , Tang Yue , Peng Chan , Cai Yu , Zhang Wenbo , Wang Jing
Published: December 2023

Traffic congestion has been a hot topic of research in the field of intelligent transportation, which can be alleviated by efficient route navigation. Most of the existing route planning methods are non-negotiated algorithms, which do not take into account the route conflicts and collaborative relationships between multiple vehicles. Also, most negotiated algorithms have not been comprehensively considered dynamic route collaboration between vehicles, large-scale efficient computation, environmental pollution, etc. Therefore, an ecological multivehicle real-time route selection model (EMR2SM) for urban road networks is firstly proposed in this paper, which combines real-time traffic conditions of the road network with travel time, distance, and exhaust emissions as optimization indicators. In order to solve the large-scale computation problem of traditional negotiated algorithms, an adaptive multiswarm bee colony (AMSBC) algorithm is designed, which efficiently solves the multivehicle dynamic route selection problem. AMSBC searches the optimal route for each vehicle in parallel through multiple population division and self-adaption mechanism, to make multivehicle route selection reach Nash equilibrium. Compared with three non-negotiated optimization algorithms based on swarm technology, EMR2SM is verified by experiments that it improves the efficiency and accuracy of the optimal route selection for multiple vehicles and reduces vehicle emissions, which can effectively reduce traffic congestion and environmental pollution.
Adaptive Distributed Fixed-Time Cooperative Three-Dimensional Guidance Law for Multimissiles against Manoeuvring Target
Authors: Gao Jiwei , Li Xiaojing , Zang Shaofei , Ma Jianwei , Zhang Jinpeng
Published: December 2023

The problem of cooperative interception of the manoeuvring target is investigated in this paper. Firstly, in light of fast fixed-time consensus theory, time-to-go, and undirected topologies, adaptive cooperative guidance along the line-of-sight (LOS) direction is proposed to guarantee impact time synchronization. Next, novel nonsingular terminal sliding mode (NTSM) is designed to establish adaptive fixed-time guidance law for steering LOS angular rates to the origin or its small neighbourhood. Without the knowledge of target manoeuvre, the proposed cooperative guidance law can be provided by lateral and longitudinal accelerations of each missile, while more reasonable and rigorous analysis of fixed-time stability is carried out through the Lyapunov theory. Within the specified time, both control tasks of simultaneous attack and the desired impact angles can be completed before the final time of the guidance process. Finally, numerical simulations demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Identification of Control Parameters Using Taguchi Method for Hybrid Real-Binary Differential Evolution Algorithm and Its Applications in Electromagnetic Optimization
Authors: Du Wenchao , Wang Jianhui , Wang Ruidong , Jia Xingning , Qin Guoche , Li Chunshu
Published: December 2023

The hybrid real-binary differential evolution (HDE) algorithm has been proficient in addressing electromagnetic optimization problems (EOPs) involving both real and binary variables. However, its optimization performance on different control parameter (CP) settings is not further studied, and the method to determine the values of CPs is more likely to use the trial-and-error method, which lacks universality on both unimodal and multimodal benchmarks. To completely account for the effect of CPs in HDE, the Taguchi method is utilized to identify the values of each CP. The orthogonal experiment result is the average rank of the mean values of 23 benchmark functions obtained by HDE and other classic optimization algorithms. Based on the analysis of variance results, three CPs that have a major effect on the performance of HDE are selected, and each of them is changed from level 1 to level 5 to further obtain the best combination of CPs, which is indicated as HDEN1. To further enhance the local search ability of HDEN1 for the global best, a modified algorithm (HDEN2) is proposed based on a novel mutation strategy selection method, and the simulation results demonstrate that the minimum values obtained by HDEN2 are smaller than those obtained by HDEN1. Two EOPs, including planar microwave absorber and Yagi-Uda antenna designs, are solved to validate the performance of HDEN1 and HDEN2. The results reveal that the HDEN1 and HDEN2 outperform HDE, demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed method for identifying the CPs of HDE. In the end, a low profile and wideband RCS reduction pixelated checkboard metasurface is optimized utilizing the HDEN2, proving that the proposed algorithm can be a good candidate for hybrid real-binary electromagnetic problems.
Design and Optimization of a New Vibration Damping System for the Driving Characteristics of the Selected Case of Replacing Pneumatic Wheels with Nonpneumatic Wheels
Authors: Ding Renkai , Wang Ping , Wang Ruochen , Sun Dong
Published: December 2023

To cope with the deterioration of vehicle dynamic performance induced by the increased mass and vertical stiffness of selected nonpneumatic wheels (NPWs), this study proposed a new vibration damping system (NVDS) based on the dynamic vibration absorber (DVA). First, a quarter-vehicle model containing the effective vertical stiffness of the NPW is established. Then, the effect of increased wheel mass and stiffness on vehicle dynamic performance is investigated from various aspects. To improve the handling performance of the vehicle with NPWs, a DVA-based NVDS is proposed. The sensitivities of handling performance and ride comfort to parameter changes are investigated to determine the selection range of parameters. The multiobjective genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to determine the optimal parameters of NVDS. The results obtained under different road excitations indicate that the proposed NVDS can significantly enhance the handling performance and ride comfort of the vehicle.
Zero-Shot Photovoltaic Power Forecasting Scheme Based on a Deep Learning Model and Correlation Coefficient
Authors: Park Sungwoo , Kim Dongjun , Moon Jaeuk , Hwang Eenjun
Published: December 2023

Accurate photovoltaic (PV) power forecasting is essential for the stable and reliable operation of PV power generation systems. Recently, various deep learning- (DL-) based forecasting models have been proposed for accurate forecasting, but newly built systems cannot benefit from them due to the absence of PV power data. Although zero-shot methods based on single site can be used for PV power forecasting, they suffer from performance degradation problems when the characteristics of the source data and target data are different. To address this issue, we propose a novel zero-shot PV power forecasting scheme that leverages historical data from multiple PV generation systems at different sites. The proposed scheme constructs an individual forecasting model using historical data from each PV generation system. Then, two correlation coefficients are calculated for each forecasting model: one based on the correlation between the input variables of the source data and target data and the other on the correlation between the input variables and output variables of the source data. Lastly, the final forecasting value is calculated as a weighted sum of the predicted values of the constructed forecasting models for the input variables of the target data. In the extensive experiments for diverse DL models for forecasting, correlation coefficient types for weights, and data time intervals, the combination of recurrent neural network, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and solar-noon time yielded the best prediction performance, with an improvement of up to 34.47% in mean absolute error and up to 15.94% in root mean square error compared to the best single-site zero-shot prediction. In addition, in experiments on PV power data from 9 cities in Korea using this combination, the proposed scheme achieved the best predictive performance in almost all cases and the second-best performance with a very narrow margin only in a few cases.
Figure S1 & S2 from Inhibition of BCL2 Family Members Increases the Efficacy of Copper Chelation in BRAFV600E-Driven Melanoma
Authors: Kim Ye-Jin , Tsang Tiffany , Anderson Grace R. , Posimo Jessica M. , Brady Donita C.
Published: December 2023

Supplemental Figure S1. TTM reduces MAPK pathway activation without inducing apoptosis in BRAFV600E-positive melanoma cells. Supplemental Figure S2. MAPK inhibitors reduce BRAFV600E-positive melanoma cell viability without inducing apoptosis.
Supplementary Figures 1 through 6 from PHGDH Expression Is Required for Mitochondrial Redox Homeostasis, Breast Cancer Stem Cell Maintenance, and Lung Metastasis
Authors: Samanta Debangshu , Park Youngrok , Andrabi Shaida A. , Shelton Laura M. , Gilkes Daniele M. , Semenza Gregg L.
Published: December 2023

Supplementary Figure S1. Analysis of G6PD mRNA expression. Supplementary Figure S2. Analysis of MCF-7 Subclones. Supplementary Figure S3. Effect of PHGDH knockdown on cell growth. Supplementary Figure S4. Effect of carboplatin on cell viability. Supplementary Figure S5. Effect of doxorubicin treatment. Supplementary Figure S6. Clinical correlates.
Data from PKM2 Is Essential for Bladder Cancer Growth and Maintenance
Authors: Xia Yong , Wang Xing , Liu Yan , Shapiro Ellen , Lepor Herbert , Tang Moon-Shong , Sun Tung-Tien , Wu Xue-Ru
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) has been shown to promote tumorigenesis by facilitating the Warburg effect and enhancing the activities of oncoproteins. However, this paradigm has recently been challenged by studies in which the absence of PKM2 failed to inhibit and instead accelerated tumorigenesis in mouse models. These results seem inconsistent with the fact that most human tumors overexpress PKM2. To further elucidate the role of PKM2 in tumorigenesis, we investigated the effect of PKM2 knockout in oncogenic HRAS-driven urothelial carcinoma. While PKM2 ablation in mouse urothelial cells did not affect tumor initiation, it impaired the growth and maintenance of HRAS-driven tumors. Chemical inhibition of PKM2 recapitulated these effects. Both conditions substantially reduced complex formation of PKM2 with STAT3, their nuclear translocation, and HIF1α- and VEGF-related angiogenesis. The reduction in nuclear STAT3 in the absence of PKM2 also correlated with decreased autophagy and increased apoptosis. Time-controlled, inducible PKM2 overexpression in simple urothelial hyperplasia did not trigger tumorigenesis, while overexpression of PKM2, but not PKM1, in nodular urothelial hyperplasia with angiogenesis strongly accelerated tumorigenesis. Finally, in human patients, PKM2 was overexpressed in low-grade nonmuscle-invasive and high-grade muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Based on these data, PKM2 is not required for tumor initiation but is essential for tumor growth and maintenance by enhancing angiogenesis and metabolic addiction. The PKM2–STAT3–HIF1α/VEGF signaling axis may play a critical role in bladder cancer and may serve as an actionable therapeutic target.
Significance:
Genetic manipulation and pharmacologic inhibition of PKM2 in mouse urothelial lesions highlight its essential role in promoting angiogenesis and metabolic addiction, events indispensable for tumor growth and maintenance.
Data from Enhanced Lipid Accumulation and Metabolism Are Required for the Differentiation and Activation of Tumor-Associated Macrophages
Authors: Su Pan , Wang Qiang , Bi Enguang , Ma Xingzhe , Liu Lintao , Yang Maojie , Qian Jianfei , Yi Qing
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are important tumor-promoting cells. However, the mechanisms underlying how the tumor and its microenvironment reprogram these cells remain elusive. Here we report that lipids play a crucial role in generating TAMs in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Macrophages from both human and murine tumor tissues were enriched with lipids due to increased lipid uptake by macrophages. TAMs expressed elevated levels of the scavenger receptor CD36, accumulated lipids, and used fatty acid oxidation (FAO) instead of glycolysis for energy. High levels of FAO promoted mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, production of reactive oxygen species, phosphorylation of JAK1, and dephosphorylation of SHP1, leading to STAT6 activation and transcription of genes that regulate TAM generation and function. These processes were critical for TAM polarization and activity, both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, we highlight the importance of lipid metabolism in the differentiation and function of protumor TAMs in the TME.
Significance:
This study highlights the role of lipid metabolism in the differentiation and function of TAMs and suggests targeting TAM fatty acid oxidation as a potential therapeutic modality for human cancers.
Economic Burden of Huntington’s Disease in China: Results from a National-Wide Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chen Shanquan , Zhang Huanyu , Yu Jiazhou , Cao Xi , Zhang Shuyang , Dong Dong
Published: December 2023

Background: Huntington’s disease (HD) poses a significant socio-economic burden globally. Existing research on HD’s economic burden predominantly comes from Western settings, leaving a gap in data from Asian countries. This study aimed to assess the economic burden of HD in China and identify cost-driving factors. Methods: This study used data from a 2019 nationwide cross-sectional survey of individuals affected by rare diseases in China. Data included socio-demographic characteristics, income, disease stage, health and social insurance coverage status, treatment-seeking behaviour, and costs. Logistic regression and linear regression were used to explore potential contributors to treatment-seeking behaviour and associated costs. Results: Of the 269 individuals with HD included in this study, 80.6% were actively seeking treatment. The average annual direct medical cost, direct non-medical cost, and indirect cost were 3,265.65, 805.82, and 801.97 Euros, respectively. Compared to participants with early-stage HD, those with middle- or advanced-stage HD reported higher direct medical costs (coefficient 1,612.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [141.92, 3,083.48] and 2,398.58, 95% CI: [791.16, 4,006.00], respectively). However, the disease stage was not significantly associated with direct non-medical costs or indirect costs. Conclusions: This study provides crucial insights into the economic burden of HD in China. It emphasises a need for targeted policies that better cater to the financial needs of HD patients.
Neue Kriterien für das Antiphospholipid-Syndrom
Authors: Aringer Martin
Published: December 2023

Objective: To develop new antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) classification criteria with high specificity for use in observational studies and trials, jointly supported by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and EULAR. Methods: This international multidisciplinary initiative included four phases: (1) Phase I, criteria generation by surveys and literature review; (2) Phase II, criteria reduction by modified Delphi and nominal group technique exercises; (3) Phase III, criteria definition, further reduction with the guidance of real-world patient scenarios, and weighting via consensus-based multicriteria decision analysis, and threshold identification; and (4) Phase IV, validation using independent adjudicators’ consensus as the gold standard. Results: The 2023 ACR/EULAR APS classification criteria include an entry criterion of at least one positive antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) test within 3 years of identification of an aPL-associated clinical criterion, followed by additive weighted criteria (score range 1–7 points each) clustered into six clinical domains (macrovascular venous thromboembolism, macrovascular arterial thrombosis, microvascular, obstetric, cardiac valve, and hematologic) and two laboratory domains (lupus anticoagulant functional coagulation assays, and solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for IgG/IgM anticardiolipin and/or IgG/IgM anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies). Patients accumulating at least three points each from the clinical and laboratory domains are classified as having APS. In the validation cohort, the new APS criteria vs the 2006 revised Sapporo classification criteria had a specificity of 99% vs 86%, and a sensitivity of 84% vs 99%.
Hypoglycemia in Children Referred to a Tertiary Care Pediatric Endocrine Clinic: Age-Dependent Etiological Variations
Authors: Gil Margolis Merav , Lilos Pearl , Phillip Moshe , de Vries Liat
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Diagnosing hypoglycemia in infants and children presents significant challenges. Our objective was to elucidate the diagnoses and clinical features of children with hypoglycemia referred to a pediatric endocrine tertiary clinic. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 154 children (0–18 years old) presenting with hypoglycemia, during 1992–2018. Results: The cohort was divided by clinical diagnosis into six groups: ketotic hypoglycemia (n = 45, 29.2%), congenital hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (n = 35, 22.7%), transient hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (n = 28, 18.2%), metabolic disorder (n = 14, 9.1%), systemic disease/syndrome (n = 15, 9.7%), and hormone deficiencies (n = 8, 5.2%). Two patients had insulinoma, and in 7 (4.5%), no diagnosis was elucidated. At diagnosis, 58 (37.7%) were <1 month old, 23 (14.9%) aged 1–12 months, 58 (37.7%) aged 1–6 years, and 15 (9.7%) aged 6–18 years. Hypoglycemia etiology varied among neonates, infants, and children. In 8 patients, hypoglycemia was asymptomatic. Of 47 patients who completed a diagnostic fast, 31 became hypoglycemic, yet a significant added value for diagnosis was only found in 14 (29.8%) patients. Conclusions: Hypoglycemia etiology in children is heterogeneous and varies by age. Any hypoglycemia measured in a child should be seriously evaluated as 7% are asymptomatic. Workup should be tailored based on age, and clinical, biochemical, and imaging findings. Despite extensive workup, in a significant number of patients the mechanism underlying pediatric hypoglycemia remains an enigma. This emphasizes the unmet needs and challenges in studying pediatric hypoglycemia.
A presença dos grupos minoritários na universidade: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Dos Santos Souza Gustavo , Freire de Vasconcelos Eveli Freire de Vasconcelos , Naglis Vieira Carlos Magno
Published: December 2023

(analytical)Linked to the research Project "What salesian university for today's youth?: Listening to the voices of its students", a partnership between Salesian institutions in Latin America, the article is the result of a mapping of productions carried out in databases in Brazil, which seeks the discussion, writing and views that were produced, from 2018 to 2021, in academic research whose theme is focused on minority groups studying in higher education institutions. The article shows that when problematizing minority groups in higher education, discussions, debates and confrontations for the construction of a space for dialogue, autonomy and respect are always present factors, as they are elements of a political position that seeks the quality of the access and permanence.
Keywords: Minority groups; University; Brazil; Literature Review.
Juventude, educação e trabalho no Brasil (2012-2022)
Authors: Menezes Vitor Matheus Oliveira de , Santos Raquel Souza dos
Published: December 2023

Ao analisar os microdados da PNAD-C (2012-2022), este artigo investiga as oportunidades educacionais e de acesso ao trabalho entre os jovens. A taxa líquida de matrícula no ensino médio avançou entre os jovens com 15 a 17 anos, mas um modelo de transições indica que as desigualdades raciais no acesso ao ensino médio aumentaram entre 2017 e 2022, enquanto a escolaridade da mãe condiciona a formação básica na idade adequada. Ademais, o papel do jovem-estudante se consolidou entre os adolescentes com 15 a 17 anos, mas, para o grupo com 18 a 24 anos, a exclusão dos estudos e do trabalho prevalece entre os jovens negros e do sexo feminino. Por fim, a residência com crianças é decisiva para o acesso a oportunidades entre as mulheres pobres.
Mulheres políticas: estratégias de legitimidade e recursos mobilizados por Cristina Kirchner
Authors: Rivetti Jéssica Mayara de Melo , Hey Ana Paula
Published: December 2023

O campo político latino-americano é historicamente permeado por repertórios e práticas masculinas e notabilizado pela baixa representação feminina. Justamente por isso, parte-se do pressuposto de que há múltiplas estratégias engendradas por mulheres visando a sua entrada e a seu reconhecimento nas disputas de poder político. Aqui se toma o caso da ex-presidenta Cristina Kirchner para evocar formas de legitimação de práticas destacadas como femininas, buscando enunciar prováveis processos de reconversão do gênero em recurso político. Do mesmo modo, sua trajetória permite entender as dinâmicas específicas do primeiro damismo e do matrimônio político como estratégias para angariar e assegurar a legitimidade do voto. Intenciona-se gerar estudos acerca de uma tipologia de políticas (mulheres) tendo como foco suas práticas no e para o campo político.
“Amar e mudar as coisas me interessa mais”
Authors: Monteiro Felipe de Souza
Published: December 2023

Entrevista com Eduardo Lacerda, editor e poeta.
Comparar para quê? O comparativismo como estratégia para o ensino de literatura — da universidade à escola
Authors: Cadó Júlio César de Araújo , Gonçalves Marta Aparecida Garcia
Published: December 2023

Neste artigo, refletimos acerca de uma experiência realizada junto às turmas do curso de licenciatura em Letras por meio da operacionalização dos fundamentos dos Estudos Comparados em Literatura. Partimos do entendimento de que as atividades de pesquisa são componentes indissociáveis das práticas de docência em diferentes níveis de ensino. Aliado a isso, pensamos potencialidades advindas desse campo do saber para a formação de professores e algumas aplicações para o Ensino Básico.
Geochemical modeling of basic pegmatites from Foz do Iguaçu in the Itaipu region, western Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Titon Bruno , Vasconcellos Eleonora Maria Gouvêa , Licht Otávio Augusto Boni , Marzoli Andrea
Published: December 2023

In the westernmost portion of the state of Paraná, in the city of Foz do Iguaçu, basic pegmatites occur within inflated pahoehoe basaltic flows of the Paraná Igneous Province. Both rock groups are composed of similar mineral assemblages which include labradorite, augite, ilmenite and titano-magnetite, but pegmatites are medium to coarse grained, whereas basalts are fine grained. Host rocks are geochemically classified as basalts (s.s.), while pegmatitic segregations are basaltic andesite and basaltic trachy-andesite, according to the TAS [(Na2O + K2O) x SiO2] diagram. Based on the AFM [(Na2O + K2O) – (FeOtot) – (MgO)] diagram, all rocks are included in the tholeiitic series, classified as high-Fe tholeiite basalts in the cation plot [Al x (Fetot + Ti) x Mg]. Variation diagrams indicate enrichment of SiO2, TiO2, FeO, Na2O, K2O e P2O5 coupled with depletion of Al2O3, MgO e CaO from basalts to pegmatites. La/LuN ratios range between 5.4 to 6.5 for basalts and 6.3 to 7.9 for pegmatites reflecting a greater degree of fractionation in the pegmatitic segregations and, therefore, their more evolved character. Plagioclase crystals in pegmatites have higher sodic contents when compared to those found in host basalts, while CaO content in basaltic pyroxenes is higher than those from pegmatitic segregations. Trace element geochemical modeling results show that it is possible to generate basic pegmatites from basalts comprised of 55 wt.% plagioclase, 35 wt.% clinopyroxene and 10 wt.% titanium and iron oxides. The process occurs as fractional crystallization with 50% residual melt.
Paleta de vida e obra de Tarsila do Amaral: entrevista com Nádia Battella Gotlib
Authors: Iannace Ricardo
Published: December 2023

Entrevista com Nádia Battella Gotlib, professora aposentada de literatura brasileira da Universidade de São Paulo e autora de, entre outros: Clarice, uma vida que se conta. 7 ed. rev. e ampl. São Paulo: Edusp, 2013; Clarice Fotobiografia. 3 ed. São Paulo: Edusp/Imprensa Oficial do estado de São Paulo, 2014; Tarsila do Amaral, a modernista. 5 ed. rev. e ampl. São Paulo: SESC-SP, 2022.
Genetic Susceptibility Modifies Relationships Between Air Pollutants and Stroke Risk: A Large Cohort Study
Authors: Ma Yudiyang , Zhang Jing , Li Dankang , Tang Linxi , Li Yimeng , Cui Feipeng , Wang Jianing , Wen Chen , Yang Jian , Tian Yaohua
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:

The extent to which genetic susceptibility modifies the associations between air pollutants and the risk of incident stroke is still unclear. This study was designed to investigate the separate and joint associations of long-term exposure to air pollutants and genetic susceptibility on stroke risk.

METHODS:

The participants of this study were recruited by the UK Biobank between 2006 and 2010. These participants were followed up from the enrollment until the occurrence of stroke events or censoring of data. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for stroke events associated with long-term exposure to air pollutants were estimated by fitting both crude and adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Additionally, the polygenic risk score was calculated to estimate whether the polygenic risk score modifies the associations between exposure to air pollutants and incident stroke.

RESULTS:

A total of 502 480 subjects were included in this study. After exclusion, 452 196 participants were taken into the final analysis. During a median follow-up time of 11.7 years, 11 334 stroke events were observed, with a mean age of 61.60 years, and men accounted for 56.2% of the total cases. Long-term exposures to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 µm (adjusted HR, 1.70 [95% CI, 1.43–2.03]) or particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 µm (adjusted HR, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.36–1.66]), nitrogen dioxide (adjusted HR, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.07–1.12]), and nitrogen oxide (adjusted HR, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.02–1.05]) were pronouncedly associated with increased risk of stroke. Meanwhile, participants with high genetic risk and exposure to high air pollutants had ≈45% (31%, 61%; particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 µm), 48% (33%, 65%; particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 µm), 51% (35%, 69%; nitrogen dioxide), and 39% (25%, 55%; nitrogen oxide) higher risk of stroke compared with those with low genetic risk and exposure to low air pollutants, respectively. Of note, we observed additive and multiplicative interactions between genetic susceptibility and air pollutants on stroke events.

CONCLUSIONS:

Chronic exposure to air pollutants was associated with an increased risk of stroke, especially in populations at high genetic risk.
Ground Rules for Preschooler Exposure to the Digital Environment: A Review of Studies
Authors: Nikolaeva Elena I. , Kalabina Inna A. , Progackaya Tatyana K. , Ivanova Evgeniya V.
Published: December 2023

Background. The range of digital technologies that children use from an early age has expanded significantly. Most studies demonstrate that preschoolers now spend substantially longer on digital devices and start using them at a younger age. Finding a solution for this challenge has research merits and relevance, as the data on benefits and harm of early preschoolers’ exposure to digital devices is contradictory. This poses a need to determine theoretically sound and practically validated criteria that could guide the duration and quality of children’s exposure to the digital environment. Objective. To review studies that contain recommendations on preschoolers’ exposure to the digital environment, namely, exposure limits and evidence to justify the limitation of preschoolers’ time on digital media. Design. The analysis starts by identifying theoretical foundations that researchers use in their studies of children’s behavior in the digital environment. This is followed by an overview of 40 studies that include research papers, official reports, and methodological recommendations made by healthcare and governmental organizations. Results. The review identified the following ground rules for children’s exposure to the digital environment: to provide for child’s interaction with a digital device, to use educational applications that will develop skills appropriate to the child’s age, to ensure mandatory supervision of children’s engagement by an adult who limits the exposure according to child’s age-related capabilities and creates conditions for active exploration of the real rather than a virtual world. Children’s cognitive development suffers the most from passive intake of digital content. Conclusion. The data herein can help to develop strategies to promote healthy and educational engagement of children with digital devices and media; however, the review highlights the insufficiency of psychophysiological research that would make it possible to practically validate the recommendations on the duration of preschoolers’ exposure to the digital environment.
The Moral Duty Not to Confirm Negative Stereotypes
Authors: Smilansky Saul
Published: December 2023

Social interaction is laden with stereotypes. Throughout history negative stereotypes have been immensely harmful, leading to hatred, vilification, and direct harm such as discrimination, and they continue to be so in almost all societies. It is widely accepted that we ought not to view members of other groups negatively in stereotypical ways, and also ought not to apply negative stereotypes to members of our own group (or even to ourselves). However, is there any special moral obligation on the targets of such negative stereotypes to take care not to confirm them? May one even be blameworthy for not doing so? The very thought seems outrageous. Yet I will argue that it is plausible to think that, in fact, the victims, too, have pro tanto obligations to prevent stereotype confirmation (henceforth sc), in many central contexts. I am not aware of any sustained philosophical discussion making this claim.
Cloud-Top Phase Characterization of Extratropical Cyclones over the Northeast and Midwest United States: Results from IMPACTS
Authors: Zaremba Troy J. , Rauber Robert M. , Heimes Kaylee , Yorks John E. , Finlon Joseph A. , Nicholls Stephen D. , Selmer Patrick , McMurdie Lynn A. , McFarquhar Greg M.
Published: December 2023

Cloud-top phase (CTP) impacts cloud albedo and pathways for ice particle nucleation, growth, and fallout within extratropical cyclones. This study uses airborne lidar, radar, and Rapid Refresh analysis data to characterize CTP within extratropical cyclones as a function of cloud-top temperature (CTT). During the 2020, 2022, and 2023 Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) field campaign deployments, the Earth Resources 2 (ER-2) aircraft flew 26 research flights over the northeast and midwest United States to sample the cloud tops of a variety of extratropical cyclones. A training dataset was developed to create probabilistic phase classifications based on Cloud Physics Lidar measurements of known ice and liquid clouds. These classifications were then used to quantify dominant CTP in the top 150 m of clouds sampled by the Cloud Physics Lidar in storms during IMPACTS. Case studies are presented illustrating examples of supercooled liquid water at cloud top at different CTT ranges (−3° < CTTs < −35°C) within extratropical cyclones. During IMPACTS, 19.2% of clouds had supercooled liquid water present at cloud top. Supercooled liquid was the dominant phase in extratropical cyclone cloud tops when CTTs were >−20°C. Liquid-bearing cloud tops were found at CTTs as cold as −37°C.

Significance Statement

Identifying supercooled liquid cloud tops’ frequency is crucial for understanding ice nucleation mechanisms at cloud top, cloud radiative effects, and aircraft icing. In this study, airborne lidar, radar, and model temperature data from 26 research flights during the NASA IMPACTS campaign are used to characterize extratropical cyclone cloud-top phase (CTP) as a function of cloud-top temperature (CTT). The results show that liquid was the dominant CTP present in extratropical cyclone cloud tops when CTTs were >−20°C with decreasing supercooled liquid cloud-top frequency at temperatures < −20°C. Nevertheless, liquid was present at CTTs as cold as −37°C.
Connection of Summer Surface Temperature Anomalies between the East European Plain–West Siberian Plain and North America on the Interannual Time Scale
Authors: Lv Chenyu , Lu Riyu , Chen Wei
Published: December 2023

This study identifies a significantly positive relationship between summer surface air temperature (SAT) anomalies over two remote regions in the Eurasian continent and North America during the period 1979–2021 on the interannual time scale. The former region includes the East European Plain and the West Siberian Plain, and the latter region includes central and eastern North America. The regionally averaged summer SAT anomalies show a correlation coefficient of 0.66 between these two regions, which is significant at the 99% confidence level. This intercontinental SAT relationship can be explained by a wavelike pattern of circulation anomalies, which is the leading mode of upper-tropospheric circulation anomalies over the middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere in summer. Further analysis suggests that the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the Pacific and North Atlantic in the preceding spring, being coupled with the leading mode of atmospheric circulation anomalies over the Pacific–Atlantic sector, persist into summer and affect the SATs in the two remote regions, resulting in the intercontinental SAT connection.

Significance Statement

Summer surface air temperature (SAT) has profound effects on public health and agricultural production. Here we find a significantly positive relationship between interannual variations of summer SATs over two remote regions, one in the Eurasian continent and the other in North America. This intercontinental relationship in SATs can be explained as a result of atmosphere–ocean coupling over the Pacific and North Atlantic in the preceding spring. The result is likely to be a critical implication for the seasonal forecast of SAT variations over the two regions. In addition, the concurrence of higher or lower temperatures in these two regions may have impacts on global grain production, since these two regions include many major grain-producing areas in the world.
Seven decades of antipsychotic drugs: Why is the life of Australians with schizophrenia still so suboptimal?
Authors: Castle David , Copolov David , Singh Bruce , Bastiampillai Tarun
Published: December 2023

The advent of dopamine (D2) receptor-blocking medications over 70 years ago, ushered in a new era of biological treatment for schizophrenia. However, we argue that little subsequent progress has been made in translating this into fulfilled and fulfilling lives for people with schizophrenia. This Viewpoint asks why this is the case, and suggests ways forward for capitalising on extant and emerging new treatments for psychotic disorders, to the betterment of the lives of people living with schizophrenia.
Does Variability Within Tier 2 Mathematics Intervention Groups Affect Students’ Response to Intervention?
Authors: Sutherland Marah , Kosty Derek , Lesner Taylor , Hermida Joanna , Smolkowski Keith , Doabler Christian T. , Clarke Ben
Published: December 2023

The effectiveness of Tier 2 interventions may depend on the variability of student skills within an intervention group. We investigated the effect of pretest variability within intervention groups using data from a large-scale study of ROOTS, a Tier 2 kindergarten mathematics intervention. Our research questions were as follows: Does mathematics pretest variability within ROOTS groups predict student gains from the intervention, and is this relationship moderated by (a) intervention group size (two- vs. five-student groups), (b) quality of explicit instruction, or (c) group-level initial skill? We found that ROOTS groups with greater pretest variability on a closely aligned mathematics measure experienced smaller gains from the intervention. This association was more impactful in larger intervention groups (i.e., five-student groups compared with two-student groups) and in groups with higher quality of explicit instruction. We unpack these findings and conclude with recommendations for practice and future research.