bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sleep quality in children: questionnaires available in Brazil
Authors: Cavalheiro Maria Gabriela , Corrêa Camila de Castro , Maximino Luciana Paula , Weber Silke Anna Theresa
Published: January 2018

Introduction The purpose of this paper was to evaluate and compare the questionnaires regarding sleep quality among children aged up to 12 years old, used in the Portuguese language in Brazil.

Material and methods A search at the literature databases of Lilacs, Scielo and Pubmed was performed using keywords “sleep quality” and “children”. Selected Articles were analysed for age of the studied population, the number of questions and the issues addressed thereby, who realized the application, the analysis of the results, and content.

Results Out of 9377 titles, 11 studies were included, performing 7 different questionnaires: Questionnaire to measure quality of life among children with enlarged palatine and pharyngeal tonsils (translation of OSD-6) (1); Inventory of Sleep Habits for Preschool Children (2); the Questionnaire on Obstructive Sleep Apnoea-18 (OSA-18) (3), Sleep Questionnaire by Reimão and Lefévre - QRL (4); the Questionnaire on Sleep Behaviour Patterns (5) and the translation of the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (6); Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire - BISQ (7) . Six of the questionnaires have covered the following issues: snoring and daytime sleepiness.

Conclusions A total of 7 protocols were found to be available in Brazil, the most commonly mentioned being OSA-18 and OSD-6. The use of protocols as a guided interview helps to define diagnosis and treatment among the paediatric population, but its large variability makes it difficult to compare a standardised monitoring process.
Polysomnographic Aspects of Sleep Architecture on Self-limited Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Halal Camila dos Santos , Horta Bernardo Lessa , Nunes Magda Lahorgue
Published: January 2018

Self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes is the most common paediatric epileptic syndrome, with growing evidence linking it to various degrees and presentations of neuropsychological dysfunction. The objective of this study is to evaluate the possible sleep macro and microstructural alterations in children with this diagnosis. A systematic review of published manuscripts was carried out in Medline, LILACS and Scielo databases, using the MeSH terms epilepsy, sleep and polysomnography. From 753 retrieved references, 5 were selected, and data from macro and, when available, microstructure of sleep were extracted. Meta-analysis was performed with data from 4 studies using standardized mean difference. Findings were heterogeneous between studies, being the most frequent macrostructural findings a smaller proportion and greater latency of REM sleep in two studies and, in meta-analysis, a longer sleep latency was the most significant finding among epileptic patients. Only one study evaluated sleep microstructure, suggesting possible alterations in cyclic alternating pattern in diagnosed children. Studies evaluating macro and microstructure of sleep in children with self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes are necessary to a better understanding of mechanisms of the neuropsychologic disturbances that are frequently seen in children with this diagnosis.
Surgical treatment of a Pattern I Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome individual - clinical case report
Authors: Feitoza Christiane Cavalcante , da-Silva Matheus Corrêa , Nascimento Yasmim Lima , Leite Elaine Sobral , Pereira Corintho Viana , Patrocínio Lucas Gomes
Published: January 2018

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSA) is a multifactorial disease that highly alters a persons quality of life. It is characterized by the repeated interruption of breathing during sleep, due to an obstruction or the collapse of the upper airways. Since it is a multifactorial etiological disorder, it requires a thorough diagnosis and treatment with an interdisciplinary team, which comprises several professionals such as a surgical dentist, phonoaudiologist, otorhinolaryngologist, sleep doctor, neurologist and physiotherapist. The diagnosis and the degree of severity of the syndrome is determined through a polysomnography examination. After that, the best form of treatment is devised depending on the gravity of the case. In cases of moderate to severe apnea, invasive treatment through surgical procedures such as maxillomandibular advancement remains the preferred option as it increases the posterior air space, reducing and/or eliminating the obstruction. Thus, improving the patients respiratory function and, consequently, his quality of life as it is shown in the clinical case at hand. In which the male patient, facial pattern type I, 41 years of age, diagnosed with moderate OSA (Apnea-Hypopnea Index - AHI of 23.19), decided to have a surgical treatment instead of a conservative one, resulting in the cure of apnea (AHI of 0.3).
Pim Valkenberg and Anthony Cirelli, Eds. Nostra Aetate: Celebrating 50 Years of the Catholic Church’s Dialogue with Jews and Muslims
Authors: Morgan Fred
Published: January 2018

No abstract is available.
“An Eden that is practically uninhabited by humans”: Manipulating Wilderness in Managing Vancouver’s Drinking Water, 1880–1930
Authors: Kuhlberg Mark
Published: January 2018

Vancouver is known internationally as one of the world’s most livable and beautiful cities, and its “natural” attributes are seen as being integral to what makes it so special. Nestled on a small plateau between the alluring beaches and dramatic shoreline of the Pacific Ocean and the Coast Mountain Range, the city has trumpeted its aesthetically stunning environment for over one century. Central to this message has been the fact that Vancouver’s drinking water supply is so clean that it has historically required no chemical or other treatment—besides a basic filtering—before it is fit for human consumption.

Those who were initially responsible for administering the city’s water supply demonstrated most curious behaviour in carrying out their duties. To be sure, they exalted their water for its purity and broadcast this message to the world, believing as they did that such a precious resource could originate only in pristine wilderness that was as pleasing to the eye as it was free from human intrusions. As a result, they went to enormous lengths to guard the basins from which this water came from anthropogenic activity. Paradoxically, they were completely comfortable with undertaking a series of measures to re-engineer and manage the watersheds upon which they depended, an approach that included dumping tons of a deadly toxin on the local trees. All these steps were simply part of their efforts to enhance the bounty with which Providence had gifted them, and to them it remained pure and unsullied as a result. The early history of managing Vancouver’s drinking water thus represents an extraordinary instance in which civic boosters viewed their actions through a prism that blurred the line between the human and non-human worlds, and their story highlights how often our attempts to manage “nature” is prone to creating issues that are potentially more dangerous than the ones we are trying to solve.
УЛОГА РЕВИЗИЈЕ ФИНАНСИЈСКИХ ИЗВЈЕШТАЈА У СУЗБИЈАЊУ РИЗИКА ПОСЛОВАЊА ИНСТИТУЦИЈА
Authors: Савић Бранка
Published: January 2018

У савремeним условима пословања ревизијаима велики значај, јер она потврђује да су рачуноводствениискази реално и истинито приказани. У циљу разумијевањапотребе за ревизијом, полазимо од процеса настајања ипрезентације рачуноводствених информација крајњимкорисницима. Примарни ток овог комуникацијског процесаје конвертовање рачуноводствених података у кориснерачуноводствене информације о финансијском извјештавању,резултатима пословања и новчаним токовима и преношењетих информација крајњим корисницима тих извјештаја. У овомслучају, ревизија се посматра као ,,веза која ствара повјерење“између лица која припремају финансијске извјештаје икорисника тих информација. Проблем истраживања у раду јестеревизија финансијских извјештаја институција, са посебнимосвртом на интерну контролу и екстерну ревизију.
ПРИКАЗ МОНОГРАФИЈЕ „ГЕОПОЛИТИЧКЕ ПЕРСПЕКТИВЕ САВРЕМЕНОГ СВЕТА“ АУТОРА ПРОФ. ДР ЗОРАНА КИЛИБАРДЕ, ПРОФ. ДР МИРОСЛАВА МЛАДЕНОВИЋА И ВЛАДИМИРА АЈЗЕНХАМЕРА СА ФАКУЛТЕТА БЕЗБЕДНОСТИ УНИВЕРЗИТЕТА У БЕОГРАДУ
Authors: Матијашевић Мартин
Published: January 2018

Монографија: „Геополитичке перспективе савременог света“ –аутора проф. др Зорана Килибарде, проф. др Мирослава Младеновића иВладимира Ајзенхамера, објављена је 2014. године у Београду, у издањуФакултета безбедности, Универзитета у Београду. Дело је обима 349страница и представља покушај аутора да се на конхерентан и целовитначин објасне географски, безбедносни, политиколошки и другипроблеми савременог света са аспекта геополитике.
A gonad-expressed opsin mediates light-induced spawning in the jellyfish Clytia
Authors: Quiroga Artigas Gonzalo , Lapébie Pascal , Leclère Lucas , Takeda Noriyo , Deguchi Ryusaku , Jékely Gáspár , Momose Tsuyoshi , Houliston Evelyn
Published: January 2018

Across the animal kingdom, environmental light cues are widely involved in regulating gamete release, but the molecular and cellular bases of the photoresponsive mechanisms are poorly understood. In hydrozoan jellyfish, spawning is triggered by dark-light or light-dark transitions acting on the gonad, and is mediated by oocyte maturation-inducing neuropeptide hormones (MIHs) released from the ectoderm. We determined in Clytia hemisphaerica that blue-cyan light triggers spawning in isolated gonads. A candidate opsin (Opsin9) was found co-expressed with MIH within specialised ectodermal cells. Opsin9 knockout jellyfish generated by CRISPR/Cas9 failed to undergo oocyte maturation and spawning, a phenotype reversible by synthetic MIH. Gamete maturation and release in Clytia is thus regulated by gonadal photosensory-neurosecretory cells that secrete MIH in response to light via Opsin9. Similar cells in ancestral eumetazoans may have allowed tissue-level photo-regulation of diverse behaviours, a feature elaborated in cnidarians in parallel with expansion of the opsin gene family.
In vitro FRET analysis of IRE1 and BiP association and dissociation upon endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Kopp Megan C , Nowak Piotr R , Larburu Natacha , Adams Christopher J , Ali Maruf MU
Published: January 2018

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a key signaling system that regulates protein homeostasis within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The primary step in UPR activation is the detection of misfolded proteins, the mechanism of which is unclear. We have previously suggested an allosteric mechanism for UPR induction (Carrara et al., 2015) based on qualitative pull-down assays. Here, we develop an in vitro Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) UPR induction assay that quantifies IRE1 luminal domain and BiP association and dissociation upon addition of misfolded proteins. Using this technique, we reassess our previous observations and extend mechanistic insight to cover other general ER misfolded protein substrates and their folded native state. Moreover, we evaluate the key BiP substrate-binding domain mutant V461F. The new experimental approach significantly enhances the evidence suggesting an allosteric model for UPR induction upon ER stress.
Glomerular Filtration Rate Changes Following UTI in Children With Vesicoureteral Reflux
Authors: Hains David S. , Starr Michelle C. , Schwaderer Andrew L.
Published: October 2024

This cohort study uses data from the Children With Vesicoureteral Reflux trial to assess estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) changes in participants with vs without recurrent urinary tract infections.
Surface Terminated 3D/2D Heterojunction Enables Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ren Penghui , Luo Guohui , Zhang Linfeng , Geng Xiuhong , Zhang Yi , Ling Xiongxiong , Zeng Junchang , Wu Xiaoping , Xu Lingbo , Lin Ping , Yu Xuegong , Wang Peng , Cui Can
Published: October 2024

Bilayer 3D/2D heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted increasing interest due to great advantages of high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and ultrastability. Previous studies are mostly focused on addressing the issue of poor charge transport originated from the spacer cations or random phase distribution of 2D perovskite in 3D/2D heterojunction. However, the carrier recombination at the surface of 2D layer is often ignored. Herein, a novel strategy of passivating 2D perovskite in 3D/2D heterojunction with a thin surface termination layer (STL) is proposed. It demonstrates that surface defects of 2D perovskite are terminated by the molecule of 2‐amino‐5‐mercapto‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole through multi‐site interaction, leading to the significant suppression of non‐radiative recombination and considerable improvement of hole transport with the well‐aligned energy band simultaneously. As a result, the PSCs with the constructed 3D/2D/STL structure processed in air have achieved a champion PCE of 25.09% with high open‐circuit voltage of 1.211 V (the voltage deficient of 0.349 V). The unencapsulated devices retain exceeding 90% of the initial PCE after storing in air for 1008 h or under illumination in N2 for 504 h. This work opens up an important, but unnoticed topic of defect passivation of 2D perovskite for 3D/2D heterojunction PSCs.
Regio‐Selective Functionalisation of Electrospun Materials at the Microscale
Authors: Schmidt Marius , Riecken Carina , Zussman Eyal , Agarwal Seema , Schmalz Holger , Greiner Andreas
Published: October 2024

Electrospun nonwovens are highly versatile materials. Significant progress is achieved in terms of materials, methods, and setups, enabling a wide range of applications. However, regio‐selective surface modification of electrospun fibers along their longitudinal axes remains an open challenge. This paper addresses this challenge and presents side‐by‐side electrospinning as a straightforward method for producing functional bead‐on‐string (BOS) fibers. The functional beads carry tertiary amino groups as a platform for further modifications. The beads are arranged in recurring distances along the fiber, allowing a precise fiber modification on the micron scale. This arrangement has been used for modifications with a fluorescent dye and gold nanoparticles (AuNP) in a highly precise and regio‐selective manner. AuNP decorated BOS fiber nonwovens show excellent performance as heterogenous catalysts under flow conditions demonstrating low pressure drop, high turnover frequency, and recyclability.
Understanding the Significance of Layer Bonding in Melt Electrowriting
Authors: Lamb Christopher D. , Maitland Brooke , Hepburn Matt S. , Dargaville Tim R. , Kennedy Brendan F. , Dalton Paul D. , Keating Adrian , De‐Juan‐Pardo Elena M.
Published: October 2024

Melt electrowriting (MEW) is a high‐resolution additive manufacturing technology capable of depositing micrometric fibers onto a moving collector to form 3D scaffolds of controlled mechanical properties. While the critical role of layer bonding to achieve mechanical integrity in fused deposition modeling has been widely reported, it remains largely unknown in MEW, in part due to a lack of methods to assess it. Here, a systematic framework is developed to unravel the significance of layer bonding in MEW scaffolds and its ultimate effect on their mechanical properties. Results show that printing parameters, scaffold design, and print path have a strong impact on layer bonding strength of poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) MEW scaffolds. This study demonstrates that a small increase of 5 µm in fiber diameter can enhance the layer bonding strength by as much as 70%, greatly impacting the overall scaffold properties. A method is also established to control MEW scaffold layer bonding using a heated collector. Importantly, this study reveals that scaffold architecture alone is not responsible for the overall mechanical properties. Finally, a method to obtain tailored layer bond strengths within a given scaffold is established. This has significant implications as provides new possibilities to control mechanical properties of MEW scaffolds through layer bonding.
Linear Weight Update Synaptic Responses in Ferrimagnetic Neuromorphic Devices
Authors: Zeng Junwei , Zhao Binxuan , Liu Yakun , Xu Teng , Jiang Wanjun , Fang Liang , Liu Jiahao
Published: October 2024

Ferrimagnetic materials with antiparallel exchange coupling, exhibit spin‐orbit‐torque‐induced dynamics, offering an emerging platform for realizing neuromorphic devices, such as artificial synapses. However, the state‐of‐the‐art artificial synapses based on ferrimagnet suffer from poor analog switching linearity, which serves as a bottleneck for achieving complex tasks with high accuracy in neuromorphic computing. Here, an artificial synapse is reported with high‐weight update linearity in a compensated ferrimagnetic crossbar device. In particular, the linear weight update of the synapses is enhanced by engineering the current density distribution. Using experimentally derived device parameters, handwritten digit recognition can be achieved with an accuracy of over 95% in a three‐layer fully connected artificial neural network. The work provides a universal method to improve the synaptic linearity, which also paves the way for applying the spin‐orbit device in neuromorphic computing.
Perioperative adjuvant therapy with short course of dupilumab with ESS for recurrent CRSwNP
Authors: Pelletier Audrey , Endam Leandra Mfuna , Gonzalez Emmanuel , Jannat Sheherazade , Irani Thea , Desrosiers Martin
Published: October 2024

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) is associated with a high rate of disease recurrence following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Type 2 disease is associated with a higher incidence of recurrence and is believed to impact disease resolution via interference with epithelial healing and pathogen immunity. We wished to verify if perioperative control of Type 2 inflammation with an anti‐IL4/IL13 targeting monoclonal antibody and during the resolution period following surgery leads to better control of the disease long term.

Methods

In this prospective, placebo‐controlled, double‐blinded trial. Thirty adult subjects with recurrent CRSwNP underwent ESS plus or minus 14 weeks of perioperative dupilumab, initiated 4 weeks (two injections) pre‐ESS. Subjective and objective parameters of nasal patency, olfaction, quality of life (QoL), and adverse events were monitored up to 52 weeks post‐ESS. Microbiological culture was performed to characterize pathogens colonization under both conditions.

Results

ESS safely improved subjective and objective measures of nasal patency, olfaction, and QoL in both groups. Olfaction was conserved longer in the dupilumab‐treated group, with 33.3% of subjects presenting anosmia at 12 months after ESS in the dupilumab group compared to 50.0% with placebo. This was associated with persistent decreases in serum IgE, which were not seen with placebo treatment. No unusual safety signals were observed.

Conclusion

Short‐course adjuvant perioperative treatment with dupilumab is associated with improved long‐term olfactory outcomes and persistent lowering of serum IgE.
The Young Einstein in Italy and the Annalen der Physik
Authors: Bracco Christian
Published: October 2024

With the help of the Annalen der Physik, we can trace the young Einstein's footsteps in Italy in various ways: the interest in the topic of his first article on capillarity probably dates back to an earlier meeting with Carlo Marangoni in Casteggio; Einstein's reading of articles by Paul Drude and Wilhelm Wien allow us to identify the library of the Lombard Institute, Milan's Academy of Sciences and Letters, where the young man is working on his bibliography; this bibliography provides elements for a better understanding of the turnaround of his thesis, in mid‐April 1901, on molecular forces in gases; and finally we see Einstein use his papers in the Annalen in his search for university posts, in connection with Giuseppe Jung, Michele Besso's uncle.
Oxidation von Kohlenstoff‐Nanopartikeln durch NO2 und O2: Chemische Kinetik und Reaktionspfade
Authors: Berkemeier Thomas , Pöschl Ulrich
Published: October 2024

Wechselwirkungen von Kohlenstoff‐Nanopartikeln mit Gasen sind von zentraler Bedeutung in vielen Umwelt‐ und Technik‐Prozessen, jedoch sind die zugrundeliegenden Reaktionskinetiken und ‐mechanismen nicht ausreichend gut verstanden. Hier untersuchen wir die Oxidation und Gasifizierung von Kohlenstoff‐Nanopartikeln durch NO2 und O2 unter Verbrennungsabgasbedingungen. Mit Hilfe eines umfassenden experimentellen Datensatzes und einem kinetischen Mehrschichtmodell (KM‐GAP‐CARBON), werden die Aufnahme und Freisetzung von Gasmolekülen sowie die zeitliche Entwicklung der Partikelgröße und Oberflächenzusammensetzung verfolgt. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse werden durch einen Modellmechanismus beschrieben, der verschiedene Arten von Kohlenstoffatomen (rand‐ und basalflächenartig) und die Bildung eines reaktiven Sauerstoff‐Intermediats (aktivierter CO‐Komplex) als geschwindigkeitsbestimmenden Schritt umfasst. Ein Übergang zwischen unterschiedlichen chemischen Regimen, welche bei niedrigeren Temperaturen durch die Reaktivität von NO2 und bei höheren Temperaturen durch die Reaktivität von O2 bestimmt sind, spiegelt sich in einem Anstieg der beobachtbaren Aktivierungsenergie von ~60 kJ/mol auf ~130 kJ/mol wider. Wir leiten Energieprofile für drei alternative Reaktionspfade ab, die die uni‐ oder bimolekulare Zersetzung von reaktiven Sauerstoff‐Intermediaten beinhalten.
Light‐Activated Gene Expression System Using a Caging‐Group‐Free Photoactivatable Dye
Authors: Nonomura Tatsuki , Minoshima Masafumi , Kikuchi Kazuya
Published: October 2024

Optical regulation of transcription using chemical compounds is an effective strategy to manipulate gene expression spatiotemporally. Conventional caging approaches with photoremovable protecting groups may require intense UV‐light exposure and release potentially toxic byproducts. To address these problems, here we developed a light‐mediated transcriptional regulation system by combining a caging‐group‐free photoactivatable dye PaX560 and a multidrug‐binding transcriptional regulator QacR. The cationic dye generated from PaX560 through traceless photoconversion bound QacR and reduced its repressor function, resulting in transcriptional activation. Importantly, this system allowed transcriptional activation with a large dynamic range under mild visible light exposure and simultaneous detection of the state of the photoactivated effector. This module was integrated into the T7 RNA polymerase expression system to demonstrate light‐activated transcription in vitro and in living cells.
Fundamentals and Challenges of Ligand Modification in Heterogeneous Electrocatalysis
Authors: Kong Xiangdong , Zhu Jiangchen , Xu Zifan , Geng Zhigang
Published: October 2024

The development of efficient catalytic materials in the energy field could promote the structural transformation from traditional fossil fuels to sustainable energy. In heterogeneous catalytic reactions, ligand modification is an effective way to regulate both electronic and steric structures of catalytic sites, thus paving a prospective avenue to design the interfacial structures of heterogeneous catalysts for energy conversion. Although great achievements have been obtained for the study and applications of heterogeneous ligand‐modified catalysts, the systematical refinements of ligand modification strategies are still lacking. Here, we reviewed the ligand modification strategy from both the mechanistic and applicable scenarios by focusing on heterogeneous electrocatalysis. We elucidated the ligand‐modified catalysts in detail from the perspectives of basic concepts, preparation, regulation of physicochemical properties of catalytic sites, and applications in different electrocatalysis. Notably, we bridged the electrocatalytic performance with the electronic/steric effects induced by ligand modification to gain intrinsic structure‐performance relations. We also discussed the challenges and future perspectives of ligand modification strategies in heterogeneous catalysis.
Structure Revision of Halisphingosine A via Total Synthesis and Bioactivity Studies
Authors: Sauer Maria , Kany Andreas M. , Götze Sebastian , Müller Rolf , Beemelmanns Christine
Published: October 2024

Sphingoid bases are important bioactive lipids found in a variety of organisms, serving as the backbone of sphingolipids, which regulate essential physiological processes. Here we describe the total synthesis and structure revision of halisphingosine A, a sphingoid base initially isolated from marine sponges. To address inconsistencies in the NMR interpretation of this natural product, we developed a synthetic route involving a late‐stage enantioselective Henry reaction that allows access to multiple stereoisomers of the proposed halisphingosine A core structure. Our library of 32 fully characterized synthetic stereoisomers enabled us to rectify the structure of halisphingosine A as (2R,3R,8R,Z)‐2‐aminooctadec‐9‐ene‐1,3,8‐triol, and to pursue further structure–activity relation (SAR) studies regarding their antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential. In summary, our study offers a yet unreported compound library along with validated analytical datasets of marine sphingoid base derivatives, which significantly affects future ecometabolomic marine research and will facilitate the identification of inhibitors of sphingolipid metabolism or antagonists of sphingolipid base‐sensing receptors.
Mechanisms and Perspectives of Positive Ageing Effect in Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wang Song , Zhu Bingyan , Peng Jingyu , Kang Zhihui , Chi Xiaochun , Yu Rongmei , Zhang Hanzhuang , Ji Wenyu
Published: October 2024

The widespread integration of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) as the electron transport layer has yielded significant advancements in the performance of hybrid quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs). It has been widely demonstrated that conventional hybrid QLEDs exhibit a positive ageing effect, which refers to the markedly increased whole performance of QLEDs with prolonged annealing, voltage stressing, or storage time. This phenomenon is believed to be closely associated with the ZnO (or its derivative such as ZnMgO) electron transport layer. This review aims to summarize the role of ZnO in positive ageing and to discuss the existing challenges in the hybrid QLEDs. Currently, the origins of the positive ageing can be categorized into two types: i) interface effect between ZnO and metal cathode and ii) passivation effect of ZnO NPs. Then the underlying mechanisms for positive ageing are discussed in detail and their limitations are pointed out. Finally, a perspective and outlook for the positive ageing effect are shown, as well as a suggestion for the future research directions and opportunities of hybrid QLEDs.
Tattoos and Risk of Hematologic Cancer: A Population‐Based Case–Control Study in Utah
Authors: McCarty Rachel D. , Trabert Britton , Kriebel David , Millar Morgan M. , Birmann Brenda M. , Grieshober Laurie , Barnard Mollie E. , Collin Lindsay J. , Lawson‐Michod Katherine A. , Gibson Brody , Sawatzki Jenna , Carter Marjorie , Yoder Valerie , Gilreath Jeffrey A. , Shami Paul J. , Doherty Jennifer A.
Published: October 2024

Background

Approximately one‐third of US adults have a tattoo, and the prevalence is increasing. Tattooing can result in long‐term exposure to carcinogens and inflammatory and immune responses.

Methods

We examined tattooing and risk of hematologic cancers in a population‐based case–control study with 820 cases diagnosed 2019–2021 and 8200 frequency‐matched controls, ages 18–79 years. We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression models.

Results

The prevalence of tattooing was 22% among Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) cases, 11% among non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cases, 16% among myeloid neoplasm cases, and 15% among controls. Though there were no clear patterns of associations between ever receiving a tattoo and risk of HL, NHL, or myeloid neoplasms overall, in analyses restricted to ages 20–60 years, ever receiving a tattoo (OR 2.06 [95% CI 1.01, 4.20]) and receiving a tattoo 10+ years prior (OR 2.64 [95% CI 1.23, 5.68]) were associated with an aggregated group of rarer mature B‐cell NHLs. We also observed elevated risks for a 10+ year latency for myelodysplastic syndromes and chronic myeloid leukemia (OR 1.48 [95% CI 0.40, 5.41], and OR 1.24 [95% CI 0.45, 3.43], respectively).

Conclusions

Though estimates were imprecise, we found some suggestive evidence that tattooing may be associated with an increased risk of certain hematologic cancer subtypes. With an estimated 46% prevalence of tattooing in US individuals ages 30–49, additional studies are needed to understand the degree to which these exposures may be associated with hematologic cancer risk.
Prognostic and Predictive Markers for Early Stage Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer Treated With Platinum‐Based Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Zhao Zhenhui , Li Li , He Mei , Li Yan , Ma Xiaoping , Zhao Bing
Published: October 2024

Background

Emerging evidence has indicated possible efficacy benefit of platinum‐based chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment for invasive ductal carcinoma triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, it has not been endorsed by current guidelines due to highly controversial results.

Materials and Methods

Present study aims to investigate predictive and prognostic roles concerning single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in XRCC1 and BRCA1, BRCA2 genes for early stage TNBC patients that received platinum‐based neoadjuvant treatment. We prospectively enrolled women with stage IIB‐IIIB TNBC that had progressed on neoadjuvant taxane and anthracycline‐based chemotherapy at Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital. Tumor response and pathological complete response (pCR) rate were assessed. Invasive disease‐free survival (iDFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. Patients' blood samples were subject to Sanger sequencing to genotype XRCC1 Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln, BRCA1 s1799949, and BRCA2 rs206115. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were employed to investigate associations between SNPs and clinical characteristics with treatment response and pCR. A total of 45 patients were enrolled.

Results

The cohort showcased ORR of 44.4%, pCR of 28.9%, median iDFS of 22 months, and a 3‐year OS of 73.3%. The A/G and G/G genotypes of BRCA1 rs1799949, and the T/T genotype of BRCA2 rs206115 were associated with higher responsive rate. Histologic grade of III and Ki67 expression > 65% were associated with low responsive rate. Moreover, the A/G genotype of BRCA1 rs1799949 and T/T genotype of BRCA2 rs206115 correlated to high pCR. The histologic III and T4 stage correlated to inferior iDFS. Carrier of BRCA1 rs1799949 G/G had the most favorable OS, carriers of A/A showed the poorest OS, and those with A/G genotype showed an intermediate OS.

Conclusions

Platinum‐based chemotherapy might serve as a therapeutic option for TNBC patients who were resistant to anthracycline‐ and taxane‐based neoadjuvant therapy. Our study identified several genetic and clinical features that might function as prognostic and predictive markers.
Recurrent fungal endocarditis of the aortic valve: A challenging clinical scenario
Authors: Bellamy Shannay , Mirza Mohammed , Umar Muhammad Faiq , Enyia Jacob , Malik Khurram , Ameen Abdul , Krause Tyrone
Published: October 2024

Key Clinical Message

Fungal endocarditis is a rare but potentially fatal infection with significant diagnostic and management challenges. Antifungal therapy and surgical debridement are the preferred treatments in these cases. Antimicrobial therapy with multiple antifungal agents may be required in high‐risk patients presenting with prolonged fever suspected of having fungal endocarditis.

Recurrent fungal endocarditis, particularly involving Candida parapsilosis, is a rare and challenging clinical entity with limited management guidelines. We present the case of a 44‐year‐old female with a history of intravenous drug use and treatment‐resistant chronic hepatitis C who developed recurrent Candida parapsilosis endocarditis. Initially, she presented with native aortic valve fungal endocarditis, which was managed with antifungal therapy and surgical aortic valve replacement. Despite this intervention, she experienced a subsequent episode of prosthetic valve Candida parapsilosis endocarditis, further complicated by prolonged fungemia. This case underscores the complexities of managing recurrent fungal endocarditis and highlights the need for ongoing research to refine treatment strategies for this challenging condition.
Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence of 2 Oral Formulations of Vildagliptin in Healthy Chinese Subjects
Authors: Tian Mengli , Ye Libing , Liang Binhong , Chen Yingrong , Mei Jue , Zhao Zhouming , Guo Xiaodi , Xu Min , Zhang Jingyao , Yang Shuixin
Published: October 2024

A randomized, open‐label, 2‐period, 2‐sequence crossover study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of 2 oral formulations of vildagliptin tablets under both fasting and fed conditions in healthy Chinese subjects. A total of 56 healthy subjects were randomized to receive a single 50‐mg dose of either a generic vildagliptin tablet (T) or the reference formulation (R). The washout period was 3 days. Blood samples were collected up to 24 hours postdosing during each period and analyzed for vildagliptin using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). The 90% confidence intervals for the geometric mean ratios (T:R) of maximum serum concentration, area under the serum concentration‐time curve from time 0 to the last measurable concentration, and area under the serum concentration‐time curve from time 0 to infinity were all within the predefined bioequivalence range of 80%‐125%. This indicates that the generic and reference formulations are bioequivalent under both fasting and fed states. All adverse events reported were mild and transient. High‐fat meals delayed absorption and reduced the maximum peak concentration of both formulations; however, they did not affect the overall exposure. Therefore, vildagliptin can be taken without regard to meals.
Petrogenetic and geochemical characteristics of some auriferous granitoids in the Kumasi Basin, Ghana: Implications for geodynamic settings and controls of orogenic gold mineralization in the Edikan Gold Mine
Authors: Sunkari Emmanuel D. , Oppong Obed , Agbenyezi Theophilus K.
Published: October 2024

The Edikan Mine, which consists of Fobinso and Esuajah gold deposits, lies within the Asankrangwa Gold Belt of the Birimian Supergroup in the Kumasi Basin. The metasedimentary rocks in the Basins and the faulted metavolcanic rocks in the Belts that make up the Birimian Supergroup were intruded by granitoids during the Eburnean Orogeny. This research aims to classify granitoids in the Edikan Mine and ascertain the petrogenetic and geochemical characteristics of some auriferous granitoids in the wider Kumasi Basin, Ghana, to understand the implications for geodynamic settings. A multi‐methods approach involving field studies, petrographic studies, and whole‐rock geochemical analysis was used to achieve the goal of the study. Petrographic studies revealed a relatively high abundance of plagioclase and a low percentage of K‐feldspars (anorthoclase and orthoclase) in the Fobinso samples, suggesting that the samples are granodioritic in nature, while the Esuajah samples showed relatively low plagioclase abundance and a high percentage in K‐feldspars, indicating that they are granitic. The granitoids from the study areas are co‐magmatic. The granitoids in Esuajah and Fobinso are generally enriched in large ion lithophile elements and light rare earth elements than high field strength elements, middle rare earth elements, and heavy rare earth elements, indicating mixing with crustal sources during the evolution of the granitoids. The granitoids were tectonically formed in a syn‐collisional+VAG setting, which implies that they were formed in the subduction zone setting. Fobinso granodiorites showed S‐type signatures with evidence of extensive crustal contamination, while the Esuajah granites showed I‐type signatures with little or no crustal contamination and are peraluminous. Gold mineralization in the study area is structurally and lithologically controlled with shear zones, faulting, and veining as the principal structures controlling the mineralization. The late‐stage vein, V3, in the Edikan Mine is characterized by a low vein angle and is mineralized.
Photoactivated Formal [3 + 2]/[4+2] Cycloaddition of N‐Aryl Cyclopropyl and Cyclobutylamines
Authors: Villela Lucas F. , Zidan Montserrat , Barriault Louis
Published: October 2024

Organic transformations initiated by photochemical activation have been at the forefront of reaction discovery. In this study, we present a formal photochemical [3+2] and [4+2] cycloaddition using N‐aryl cyclopropylamines and N‐aryl cyclobutylamines in conjunction with α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl systems, unveiling two distinct mechanistic pathways. The [3+2] cycloaddition is elucidated as being guided by the photochemical activity of an electron donor‐acceptor (EDA) complex. Simultaneously, intermolecular [4+2] annulation of cyclobutylanilines is achieved by visible‐light photoredox catalysis. These simple methodologies have wide applicability, facilitating the synthesis of N‐arylaminocycloalkyl compounds in yields ranging from good to excellent.
Technological Advances in the Electroreduction of CO2 to HCOOH: The Impact of Catalyst, Gas Diffusion Electrode, and Cell Design
Authors: Theußl Verena , Sanz Sergio , von Foerster Konstantin , Rutjens Bastian , Weinrich Henning , Tempel Hermann , Eichel Rüdiger‐A.
Published: October 2024

The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (eCO2RR) is a promising technology for synthesizing value‐added products required in the transition towards a more circular and renewable‐based economy. In this context, the electrochemical production of formic acid has the potential to become economically competitive to energy‐demanding conventional synthetic methods, thereby presenting a sustainable alternative. However, to enhance energy efficiency and selectivity toward the targeted product significant technological improvements in key components (e.g., electrodes, catalysts, electrolytes, membranes, cells, solvents) are required. Over recent years, our research has focused on understanding the influence of catalyst, gas diffusion electrode (GDE) architecture and performance, and cell design in the eCO2RR to formic acid. This perspective article provides an overview of the current status of these specific components, as well as our insights and those of other researchers, regarding potential future investigations and applications.
Safety analysis of pipe string strength during transient process of ultrahigh temperature and high pressure well fracturing
Authors: Yang Boyuan , Zhang Hui , Lv Kunhong , Wu Baokang , Zhou Yuting , Li Xingyu , Yang Ze , Yuan Rui
Published: October 2024

With the continuous development of deep oil and gas resources, the number of high‐temperature and high‐pressure wells is increasing, and the complexity of fracturing operations is becoming more pronounced. The safe conduct of fracturing operations is crucial for improving production efficiency. To investigate the strength and safety of fracturing strings in high‐temperature and high‐pressure wells, a transient calculation model of temperature‐pressure coupling was established for fracturing strings in high‐temperature and high‐pressure wells. The safety factor method and triaxial stress analysis were employed to evaluate the safety of fracturing strings in high‐temperature and high‐pressure wells. The method was used to assess the fracturing strings in high‐temperature and high‐pressure wells, and the effects of fracturing fluid injection rate and string size on the stress of the strings were analyzed. The results indicate that the axial force and equivalent stress at the wellhead of the fracturing string are the highest; as the fracturing time and injection rate of the fracturing fluid increase, the axial stress and equivalent stress at the wellhead of the fracturing string also increase. Small‐sized pipes are conducive to improving the safety factor of fracturing pipe string operations. The research findings can provide theoretical guidance for designing fracturing strings for high‐temperature and high‐pressure wells.
Assessing lipid‐lowering and plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity of Centranthus longiflorus and β‐Sitosterol following administration to triton WR1339‐ treated rats
Authors: Askin Seda , Umudum Fatma Zuhal
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the lipid‐lowering and plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein(CETP) activity of Centranthus longiflorus(CL) and β‐Sitosterol(βS) following intraperitoneal administration of Triton‐WR 1339 (=Tyloxapol) (TWR) to male Wistar rats. Hyperlipidemia(HL) was developed by intraperitoneal injection of TWR. The animals were divided into main eight groups of six rats each. Rats were housed in separate cages and fed a standard diet for 7 days. After 7 days, ethanol extraction of CL plant, aqueous suspension of βS and anacetrapib was given to rats by oral gavage 1 h before the triton injection. Blood samples were collected and used for the biochemical parameters analysis. Histopathological studies were also performed on liver tissue. In hyperlipidemic rats(HR), CL extract and βS reduced total cholesterol similarly. βS lowered low‐density lipoprotein(LDL‐C) more than CL extract. Both CL extract and βS approximated impaired Alanine transaminase(ALT) and Aspartate transaminase(AST) levels in HR's to the level of control. CL extract provided better protection than βS against deterioration in liver tissue samples seen in hyperlipidemic rats. Finally, CL extract and βS inhibited CETP, at which point βS was more effective. These findings showed that CL extract and βS reduce plasma lipid concentration and may have a hypolipidemic effect due to their anti‐CETP properties.
Size‐specific dose estimates calculated using patient size measurements from scanned projection radiograph in high‐resolution chest computed tomography
Authors: Brindhaban Ajit
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Size‐specific dose estimates (SSDE) are used to assess patient‐specific radiation exposure in Computed Tomography (CT), complementing the volume CT dose index (CTDIvol). This study compared SSDE calculated using patient's lateral size from scan projection radiograph (SPR) with SSDE calculated using water equivalent diameter (Dw) from tomographic images in adult chest high‐resolution CT (HRCT).

Methods

In a single‐centre study, the CTDIvol and dose‐length product (DLP) were recorded from HRCT dose reports of adult patients. Lateral width (SLat), at the centre of the scan range, from the SPR was measured and the SSDE (SSDER) was calculated using conversion factors related to SLat. Average CT number, area of the slice, and lateral size of the patient (AxLat) were measured on the middle slice. The Dw and SSDE from Dw (SSDEW) were calculated. SSDER and SSDEW were compared using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Correlation between patient size and dosimetry parameters were investigated using Spearman Correlation test with statistical significance at P < 0.05. Bland–Altman plot was also used to test agreement between the two SSDE values.

Results

Median CTDIvol, DLP, SSDER and SSDEW were 11.0 mGy, 372 mGy.cm, 11.6 mGy and 12.9 mGy, respectively. Small but statistically significant differences (P < 0.03) were found between SLat and AxLat as well as between SSDER and SSDEW. Bland–Altman analysis resulted in borderline agreement between SSDE values. Moderate correlations were observed between dosimetry quantities and patient size measurements (ρ > 0.640; P < 0.001). SSDEw showed statistically significant correlation (ρ = 0.587 and P < 0.001) with SSDER.

Conclusion

SSDER may be used to assess patients' absorbed radiation dose, before the scan, in adult chest HRCT. The median value of SSDER was about 10% lower than the median value SSDEW. However, the SSDEW should be used after the scan to establish effective dose and radiation risk to the patient.
Atmospheric Pressure Rivalry Between the Arctic and Northern Pacific: Implications for Alaskan Climate Variability
Authors: Polyakov Igor V. , Ballinger Thomas J. , Overland James E. , Vavrus Stephen J. , Danielson Seth L. , Lader Rick , Bhatt Uma S. , Hendricks Amy S. , Mueter Franz J.
Published: October 2024

Located at the confluence of the Arctic and North Pacific and with Alaska at its heart, the Pacific Arctic Region (PAR) is a unique and interconnected regional climate system. Significant climatic changes in the PAR are described by a novel, mobile monthly Alaska Arctic Front (AAF) index, which is defined by sea level pressure differences between the migratory cores of the Beaufort High and Aleutian Low. Regional climate variability associated with the AAF shows prominent decadal signatures that are driven by the opposing effects of the North Pacific and the Arctic atmospheric pressure fields. Low AAF (negative phase) is dominated by North Pacific forcing, whereas high AAF (positive phase) is dominated by Arctic atmospheric processes. The recent (2011–2021) negative AAF phase, which is associated with the westward displacement of Aleutian Low explaining stronger northward winds and enhanced water transport northward through Bering Strait, is conducive to increased oceanic heat and freshwater content, reduced regional sea ice cover in the PAR, and to the expansion of Pacific species into the Arctic. These factors are all indicators of the Pacification of the Arctic Ocean, a key feature of climate change related to progression of anomalous Pacific water masses and biota into the polar basins. It is not yet clear if or when the recent phase of decadal variability will change and alter the rate of Pacification of the Arctic climate system.
A tutorial on aggregating evidence from conceptual replication studies using the product Bayes factor
Authors: Van Lissa Caspar J. , Clapper Eli‐Boaz , Kuiper Rebecca
Published: October 2024

The product Bayes factor (PBF) synthesizes evidence for an informative hypothesis across heterogeneous replication studies. It can be used when fixed‐ or random effects meta‐analysis fall short. For example, when effect sizes are incomparable and cannot be pooled, or when studies diverge significantly in the populations, study designs, and measures used. PBF shines as a solution for small sample meta‐analyses, where the number of between‐study differences is often large relative to the number of studies, precluding the use of meta‐regression to account for these differences. Users should be mindful of the fact that the PBF answers a qualitatively different research question than other evidence synthesis methods. For example, whereas fixed‐effect meta‐analysis estimates the size of a population effect, the PBF quantifies to what extent an informative hypothesis is supported in all included studies. This tutorial paper showcases the user‐friendly PBF functionality within the bain R‐package. This new implementation of an existing method was validated using a simulation study, available in an Online Supplement. Results showed that PBF had a high overall accuracy, due to greater sensitivity and lower specificity, compared to random‐effects meta‐analysis, individual participant data meta‐analysis, and vote counting. Tutorials demonstrate applications of the method on meta‐analytic and individual participant data. The example datasets, based on published research, are included in bain so readers can reproduce the examples and apply the code to their own data. The PBF is a promising method for synthesizing evidence for informative hypotheses across conceptual replications that are not suitable for conventional meta‐analysis.