bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Evaluation Learning by Using Neuro-Fuzzy System
Authors: Wonsathan Rati , Seedadan Isaravuth , Nunloon Nittaya , Kitibut Jesadapong
Published: May 2014

Artificial intelligent techniques are being actively applied in many applications. With their powerful learning capability of neural networks and reducing the optimizing search space by prior knowledge rules of Fuzzy systems have been proven to be rather efficiency. In this research, the hybrid Neuro-Fuzzy system (NF) is proposed to be utilized as a predictor of the Grade Point Average (GPA) of students for future planning where the Radial Basis Function (RBF) is implemented as a neuro-fuzzy system. The NFs parameters consisted of centre and width of the Gaussian membership function and weight between input layer and output layer are automatically tuned by using Genetic Algorithms (GA) referred as NF-GA. The collected data is then tested and trained through NF-GA system with Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) technique. It has been shown that our proposed model is capable of prediction GPA by accurately 93%.The performance comparison between the proposed NF-GA and Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) gives performance significantly by reducing the average error of the prediction down to 10%.
Keywords: Neuro-fuzzy system, Genetic Algorithms, Multiple Regression Analysis, Radial Basis Function.
A Meshless Local Petrov-Garlerkin Method for Solving the Biharmonic Equation
Authors: Kaewumpai Supanut , Tangmanee Suwon , Luadsong Anirut
Published: May 2014

A meshless local Petrov-Galerkin method (MLPG) using Heaviside step function as a test function for solving the biharmonic equation with subjected to boundary of the second kind is presented in this paper. Nodal shape function is constructed by the radial point interpolation method (RPIM) which holds the Kroneckers delta property. Two-field variables local weak forms are used in order to decompose the biharmonic equation into a couple of Poisson equations as well as impose straightforward boundary of the second kind, and no special treatment techniques are required. Selected engineering numerical examples using conventional nodal arrangement as well as polynomial basis choices are considered to demonstrate the applicability, the easiness, and the accuracy of the proposed method. This robust method gives quite accurate numerical results, implementing by maximum relative error and root mean square relative error.
Production of Recombinant β-Galactosidase in Lactobacillus plantarum, Using a pSIP-Based Food-Grade Expression System
Authors: Thaiwong Numphon , Thaiudom Siwatt , Haltrich Dietmar , Yamabhai Montarop
Published: May 2014

Food-grade expression systems based on using food-grade microorganisms have been developed for the production of recombinant enzymes used in food applications. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), especially Lactobacilli, have been widely used for various purposes in food and recognized as a promising host of food-grade enzyme production. In this study, the pSIP409 vectors, originally containing the erm gene, were used to replace this selection marker by the alr gene resulting in the production of the pSIP609 expression vector in L. planatarum. This vector could express high amounts of β-galactosidases, showing both high volumetric as well a specific enzymatic activity. Thus, the food-grade recombinant enzyme production in L. planatarum harboring pSIP609 was very fruitful and useful for food industries.
Pilot-Scale Continuous Conveyor Diffusion Extraction System for Sweet Sorghum
Authors: Livingston Peter , Slack Donald
Published: May 2014

The purpose of this paper is to present preliminary results from testing a pilot-scale sweet sorghum diffusion extractor that was designed to extract the juice from sweet sorghum stalks while simultaneously filtrating the extracted juice. The ultimate use of the juice is fuel grade ethanol. In essence, the system is a large coffee percolator that works by running shredded sorghum through a conveyor with recirculating hot water running over the crop to extract the sugar through diffusion. The current system spans 10 m in length, is 1m wide, and 0.6 m high. The sorghum is harvested with a forage chopper, and discharged at a constant rate into the trough. The sorghum moves at a rate of 0.2 m per minute, so the sorghum is in the diffusion system for 20 minutes. The water/juice is sprayed over the chopped stalks and is kept at a target temperature of 660C. A roller fixture located at the end of the trough helps squeeze out some of the remaining juice. The pilot scale sweet sorghum diffusion system continuously extracts the sugar at a rate of 3 metric tons (mt) of sorghum an hour with a minimum sugar extraction of 60%. During our pilot testing phase we were able to process 0.65 mt of material per hour with a resultant brix of 6%. The system was halted several times to adjust the heating system, so we are confident that with further testing we can process at least 3 mt per hour of material. The conversion from the conventional harvesting and roller press of the sorghum stalk to this method could resulted in a 66% reduction in energy to harvest and extract the juice.
The Study of Cassava Root Conveying Equipment Attached to a Truck
Authors: Junsiri Chaiyan , Panpoom Aekkaparp
Published: May 2014

The objective of this study was for development of cassava transporting equipment installed on a truck. The study process was divided into 2 steps: 1) The study of cassava harvesting and transporting to the truck pattern by farmers practice today and 2) preliminary study of transporting cassava by using additional conveying device in order to reduce time and labor for the overall harvest system. Results in step 1 indicated that the pattern of cassava harvesting consisted of four main steps : tillage, heap compiling, stem cutting and cassava transporting to the truck. The most time consuming step was the transporting of cassava to the truck. The cassavas transporting to the plant normally had to be completed within one day. The consequently, cassava transporting was considered to be the bottle-neck problem of cassava harvest system. Result from the study in step 2, which was preliminary study of using a conveying device attached to the truck to reduce time and labor indicated that a working capacity of 1.44 rai/hour was obtained, being 3.13 time higher than the usual manual labor method.
The Influence of the Metering Device Arrangement to the Discharging Consistency of the Sugarcane Billet Planter
Authors: Thienyaem Titinai , Saengprachatanarug Khwantri , Wongpichet Saree , Eizo Taira , Thongrak Prakarn
Published: May 2014

Sugar cane is an important economic crop of Thailand, used as a raw material to produce sugar and renewable energy. Due to a labor shortage problem, and an increase in the number of sugarcane combine harvesters, sugarcane billet planters from overseas have become more popular, because they can use seed cane prepared by combine harvesters. In order to maintain a high consistency of billet plating, the harvester discharge mechanism needs to accommodate the physical properties of sugarcane billet of Thai's variety, which vary by breed and harvesting method according to area. Thus, this study aims to find the appropriate arrangement of the metering devices within sugarcane billet planters which are suitable for Thai conditions. The stationary experiments were completed using a testing unit driven by an electric motor. At the initial stage the container of the testing unit was filled with 530 kg of Khon Kaen-3 sugarcane billets. The cleated conveyor belt was placed at the container wall, to act as a metering device for the testing unit. There were 3 arrangements of cleats: (1) a full width cleat, with 150mm cleat space, (2) a full width cleat, with 300mm cleat space, and (3) a half width cleat, with 300mm cleat space each side and 150mm displaced, and all were set and tested at a constant linear conveying speed of 0.2 m/s. The effects of each arrangement for discharge rates and consistency were analyzed. The results showed that the 3rd arrangement gave the best discharge consistency, with a precision index of 51.04%.
BiVO4 Powder Synthesized via the Solvothermal Method
Authors: Jansanthea Pongthep , Pookmanee Pusit , Phaisansuthichol Sirirat , Satienperakul Sakchai , Sangsrichan Supaporn , Puntharod Ratchadaporn , Phanichphant Sukon
Published: May 2014

Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) powder was synthesized via the solvothermal method at 100200 °C for 26h by using acetic acid as solvent without calcination steps. The phase transition of BiVO4 powder was studied by Xray diffraction (XRD). The morphology and chemical composition of BiVO4 powder were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The functional groups of BiVO4 powder was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
Application of Electronic Nose for Classification of Fish Sauces Using Transient Responses and Learning Vector Quantization Algorithm
Authors: Nimsuk Nitikarn
Published: May 2014

Fish sauce is one of the signature condiments in various cuisines in many countries. In this paper, fish sauces are successfully classified into groups depending on their quality indicated by the level of total nitrogen content. We introduce an electronic nose technology together with a neural network algorithm to the classification of fish sauces. The transient responses are used as features for the creation of pattern vectors for odor samples. The result of principal component analysis shows well-separated patterns of fish sauce. Furthermore, we also apply the learning vector quantization method for the classification. As a result, we obtain high accuracy of more than 90% in the classification of fish sauce based on the level of total nitrogen content.
Feasibility Study of Bio-Hydrogenated Diesel (BHD) Production: A Case Study in Thailand
Authors: Angsana Kantama , Prapainainar Chaiwat , Narataruksa Phavanee , Piyapong Hupinnyo
Published: May 2014

It founded that crude palm oil, CPO, could be changed to Bio-hydrogenated Diesel, BHD, which has a potential to replace the petroleum-derived diesel. Therefore, techno-economic feasibility of BHD production for Thailand was studied with a capacity of 1 million liters per day (MLD) of BHD. In this work, a conceptual design of BHD process was developed by using process simulator, ASPEN Plus. Calculation of mass and energy balance, equipment sizing and cost estimation in five major unit operations were performed. The total capital investment was calculated and used for economic analysis to estimate the return on investment, price value and payback period. The results showed that total capital investment cost was 174.34 millions USD with 1 MLD of BHD, PBP was 5 years with 17.02% ROI. BHD price of 1.16 USD/L.
An Approach to Dealing with Importance Weights of Customer Needs and Customer Dissatisfaction in Quality Function Deployment Optimization
Authors: Setyo Rahaju Dini Endah , Sari Dewi Dian Retno
Published: May 2014

This paper explains about the necessity of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) optimization model due to the absence of the formal methodology in QFD for allocating the available product development resource to determine the best possible product specifications. The proposed optimization model also deals with the improper handling of customer need’s importance weight and customer’s satisfaction and dissatisfaction feeling in the QFD process.QFD assumes that the customer need’s importance value is equivalent with the satisfaction level perceived by the customer when the need is met. However, most of the time, a fulfillment of an extremely important customer need does not lead to any improvement in customer satisfaction.QFD also considers that customer satisfaction level will increase automatically as the customer dissatisfaction sources are eliminated. This is not always true, since the sources of customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction are not always the same. Thus, fulfilling a certain customer need to improve customer satisfaction does not automatically reduce the customer dissatisfaction, and vice versa. In order to explain the effect of the customer needs fulfillment on customer satisfaction and/or dissatisfaction, Kano’s model is used. A pencil design example is also presented in the paper. Using Kano’s model in QFD optimization helps to distribute the available product development resource in an effective way to increase the customer satisfaction and to reduce the customer dissatisfaction.
Cassava Transportation Planning under Uncertain Demand Using Hybrid Algorithm: Case Study of Roi Et Province
Authors: Sujjaviriyasup Thoranin , Pitiruek Komkrit
Published: May 2014

Cassava transportation planning usually involves unexpected demand, which may result in shortage supply. Furthermore, a distribution center at which cassava is collected is difficult to be located since the demand is unknown. In this research, hybrid forecasting model for predicting future demand in order to determine transshipment points is proposed. In addition, cluster analysis and particle swarm optimization are used for creating potential zones and determine a proper location as a new hub. Finally, the optimal value of a transportation network model using both forecasted value and actual value obtained from linear programming technique are tested and compared. The results indicate that the hybrid forecasting model provides the lowest error and forecasting value provides average error of optimal value compared to actual value by 19.81%. Moreover, zoning technique can be able to improve shipping volume fulfilled to a large truck.
Ant Colony Optimization for Solving Container Stacking Problems
Authors: Sriphrabu Phatchara , Sethanan Kanchana , Theerakulpisut Somnuk
Published: May 2014

This paper reports the results of a study to use the ant colony optimization (ACO) in solving an export container stacking and storage problem of a container terminal port. Three different methods of solutions based on different initial solution techniques and the current method used by the port were used to test forty sample problems which were classified into four problem types representing different patterns of container arrivals. The results of this study revealed that the three methods based on the ACO could be used to improve the total time taken for stacking and storage of the export containers for all problem types. Among the methods investigated, the heuristic-based ant colony optimization (BACO) method proved to be the most efficient for all problem types, with the relative improvements over the current method ranging from 25.4-38.7%.
Methanol Dehydration to Dimethyl Ether over Silica Derived from Rice Husk as the Component-Based Catalysts
Authors: Chaba Nattaporn , Neramittagapong Sutasinee , Neramittagapong Arthit
Published: May 2014

Dimethyl Ether (DME) an alternative fuel was synthesized by methanol dehydration over the silica-based catalysts. Silica extracted from both rice husk (A) and rice-husk ash (B) was used as the precursors for preparing the catalysts. The SiO2/Al2O3 and the SAPO catalysts prepared from that silica were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption (BET surface area), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), NH3 temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The effects of reaction temperature on the methanol selectivity and conversion to dimethyl ether were investigated. The methanol dehydration reactions were carried out in a packed-bed reactor at the reaction temperature of 250-350°C. DME was the major product and formed with selectivity of 57% over SAPO-B. An increasing of the reaction temperatures resulted in the enhancing of methanol conversion. The highest methanol conversion of 93% was achieved at 325°C. The method of silica extraction had an effect on the selectivity to DME due to the higher BET surface area.
Parameter Screening for the Important Factors Influencing the As(V) Adsorption Using a Plackett-Burman Design
Authors: Pojananukij Nusavadee , Wantala Kitirote , Neramittagapong Sutasinee , Neramittagapong Arthit
Published: May 2014

The adsorption efficiency of As (V) ions from an aqueous solution was investigated. The adsorption experiments were carried out in a batch reactor. The effects of operating parameters; i.e. the absorbent dose (g/L), the pH, the adsorption temperature (°C), the As (V) initial concentration (ppb), and type of adsorbents, on the adsorption efficiencies were studied. A PlackettBurman experimental design was used to screen for the important factors that influence As (V) adsorption. It has been found that the most important effect on the As (V) adsorption capacity was the type of adsorbent. The factor importance could be written in descending order as follows: the type of adsorbents, the adsorbent dose, the As (V) initial concentration, the adsorption temperature, and the pH.
Oil Solubilization Using Surfactant for Biohydrogen Production
Authors: Siddiqui Muhammad Ahmar , Kungsanant Suratsawadee , Chaiprapat Sumate
Published: May 2014

Oily wastewater is a potential source for biohydrogen production due to its high organic content. Incorporation of surfactant could enhance the solubilization of oil in water, and thus increase its biodegradability. The first part of this work studied the influence of surfactant concentrations (0-240 CMC) and temperatures (28-70 °C) on oil solubilization in aqueous solution. Results from batch tests showed that the oil solubilization improved as the surfactant concentration increased up to 100 CMC. As high as 0.002 mg/L oil concentration could be solubilized at 1 CMC and 55 °C, which was 90 times higher than that obtained without surfactant application. Moreover, the time to reach oil-in-liquid equilibrium could be shortened by increasing the temperature. In the second part, the effect of surfactant addition on hydrogen production was investigated at pH 5.5 and 55 °C. In 148 h batch assays, the highest hydrogen production observed was 19.3 mL at 1 CMC while it was 8.7 mL at no surfactant. Further investigation at 1 CMC revealed that surfactant degradation to H2 was 2.36 mL, thus the effect of surfactant to enhance oil degradability was 0.24 L H2 per liter of aqueous solution under excess oil condition.
Acid Hydrolysis Sorghum Straw for Bioethanol Fermentation of Saccharomycescerevisiae TISTR 5596
Authors: Jutakridsada Pasakorn , Ladadok Chinakrit , Kamwilaisak Khanita
Published: May 2014

In previous work, Saccharomycescerevisiae TISTR 5596 could produce bioethanol in the strength condition. Thus, this work was examined to understand effect of sulfuric acid on hydrolysis of synthetic cellulose and sorghum straw. The ethanol fermentation of S.cerevisiae TISTR 5596 of the products from the hydrolysis was also determined. The results showed the maximum amount of sugar from hydrolysis reaction of synthetic cellulose in 5%v/v sulfuric acid which are analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography which has yield 28 g/L and 25.46 g/L for the maximum amount of sugar form hydrolysis of sorghum straw in 3%v/v sulfuric acid. Furthermore, the ethanol fermentation at 30°C for 25 hrs with hydrolysis of the synthetic cellulose and sorghum straw was determined by gas chromatography. S.cerevisiae TISTR 5596 can produce 9.021 g/L of ethanol or 32.89% of initial sugar concentration at 28 g/L for fermented at 30°C for 25 hrs. and 1.8 g/L or 22.52% of initial sugar concentration at 25.46 g/L at 30°C for 40 hrs, for extracted samples from synthetic cellulose and sorghum straw, respectively.
Effect of Pre-Treatment of Lignocellulosic Fiber on Mechanical Properties of Chitosan-Filled Filter Media
Authors: Sadikin Aziatul Niza , Othman N. , Nawawi Mohd Ghazali Mohd
Published: May 2014

The newly developed non-woven filter media are composed of randomly oriented fibrous fibers from empty fruit bunch fibers. The wet lay-up method was adopted for filter media fabrication. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of pre-treatment of lignocellulosic fibers on the mechanical properties of fibrous filter media. The study also aims to examine the effect of chitosan application as binder on the tensile strength of fibrous filter media from treated and untreated fibers. The fibers were treated with sodium hydroxide solution, diethyl ether, ethanol and hot water. The pre-treatment enhance the fibrous filter media properties, while filter media from untreated empty fruit bunch fibers showed lower mechanical properties. The changes in mechanical properties followed the order: alkali-treated > diethyl ether > ethanol > hot water > untreated empty fruit bunch fibers.
The Study of Extraction Beta-Carotene from Crude Palm Oil for Analysis Economic
Authors: Wiyaratn Wisitsree , Watanapa Anucha
Published: May 2014

The purpose of this project was determined the study of extraction β-carotene from crude palm oil with soxhlet extraction to analysis economic value. Evaluation of β-carotene extraction process was absorbed on resin adsorbents of styene divinyl benzene copolymer, by an addition of isopropanal solvent and hexane in soxhlet extraction process. The result shows that optimum condition for β-carotene adsorption time was 2 hours, soxhlet extraction time was 3 hours for 1 g resin, at 85 °C could extract 21.911% β-carotene by weight of carotene in crude palm oil. The resin could be reused for β-carotene at least 3 times.The extraction could extract 80% β-carotene by weight of carotene in crude palm oil. The process required a total investment of first year 2,059,627 bath, Net Present Value was 334,935.67 bath, benefit per cost was 2.04, the internal rate of return was 35.1% and the pay back period was 4 years. The result that was quite attractive for the cooperatives to invest and a design planning of machine in extraction process was a product layout.
The Fixed Bed Reaction of Residual Natural Rubber for Oil Production by Pyrolysis Process
Authors: Kamwilaisak Khanita , Thabuot Mallika
Published: May 2014

The aim of this study is to use pyrolysis reaction to produce oil product as a fuel or chemical feedstock. The fixed bed reactor was used as a pyrolysis system. The pyrolysis reaction of residual para rubber was operated in the absence of catalyse. The operating conditions such as particle size (0.5 and 1.0 cm3) and pyrolysis temperature (500, 550 and 600 OC) were studied under N2 conditions and retention time 90 min. The result shows the para rubber size 1.0 cm3 can be produced liquid phase more than of para rubber size of 0.5 cm3. The optimised condition with the highest oil yield was at 550OC with rubber size of 1.0 cm3. The percentage of the product was 60% of liquid, 35% of gas and 5% of solid (char). Furthermore, the FTIR result can be presented the supported evidence that the transformation of aliphatic contents to be aromatic contents was increased with increased temperature. Also, GCMS analysis was used for the identification and quantification of the product. It was found 5 major products that can be used as a chemical feedstock. The maximum amount of component was 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester (Isooctyl phthalate) with 22.08%. This is a plasticizer with higher cost than fuel.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Ho Doped Bi2MoO6 Nanoplates and their Optical Properties
Authors: Phuruangrat Anukorn , Ekthammathat Nuengruethai , Kuntalue Budsabong , Dumrongrojthanath Phattharanit , Thongtem Somchai , Thongtem Titipun
Published: May 2014

0–3 % Ho doped Bi2MoO6 samples were synthesized by hydrothermal reaction at 180 °C for 20 h. Their phase, morphologies, atomic vibration and optical properties were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and UV-visible spectroscopy. In this research, the products were orthorhombic Bi2MoO6 nanoplates with asymmetric and symmetric stretching and bending modes of MoO6 octahedrons, and their strong absorption in the UV visible region.
Investigation of Photoelectrochemical Parameters of Electrospun TiO2 Nanofiber Electrode
Authors: Yuangkaew Tienthong , Prasansaeng Chotiros , Jaroenapibal Papot , Triroj Napat
Published: May 2014

This work reports the fabrication and photoelectrochemical response of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanofiber photoelectrode prepared by an electrospinning technique. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images reveal that the electropun nanofibers are composed of TiO2 nanoparticles with the average diameter size of 25 nm. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of the photoelectrode confirms the existence of TiO2 nanofiber networks on Ti/Si substrate after the electrode preparation using a doctor-blade technique. The photoelectrochemical performance of TiO2 nanofiber electrode is investigated in comparison with that of TiO2 (Aeroxide P25) nanoparticle electrode. When the TiO2 electrodes are subjected to light illumination at 100 mW/cm2, the maximum photoconversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.95% is obtained at the TiO2 nanofiber electrode while reduced PCE of 0.75% is obtained at the TiO2 nanoparticle electrode.
Prediction of Boride Thickness on Tool Steels AISI D2 and AISI H13 Using Boriding Kinetics
Authors: Boonplook Yossapong , Juijerm Patiphan
Published: May 2014

Cold and hot work tool steels AISI D2 and AISI H13, respectively, were borided using a packed boriding process. Boriding temperature range of 1123 1223 K was performed with different boriding time up to 6 hr, afterwards, near-surface properties of the borided tool steels AISI D2 and H13 were characterized. Boride layer thicknesses were measured using an optical microscope with an image analyzer program. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to identify the boride coating layer. Kinetics of boriding process was analyzed using diffusion and Arrhenius equations. Activation energies and empirical data of the boriding process can be finally determined. It was found that the thickness of the boride coating increases with increasing boriding temperature and time taking into account the diffusion and Arrhenius equations. Activation energies of 177.4 and 185.7 kJ/mol were determined for cold and hot work tool steels AISI D2 and AISI H13, respectively. Thus, empirical relationships of boride thickness as a function of boriding temperature and time will be presented. Finally, predicted boride thickness diagram of cold and hot work tool steels AISI D2 and AISI H13, respectively can be established.
Effects of TIG Pulse Current and Nitrogen Content in Argon Shielding Gas on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 15Cr-4Ni-8Mn-1.3Cu Stainless Steel Weld Metal
Authors: Petarporn Pragassak , Lothongkum Gobboon , Viyanit Ekkarut , Chianpairot Amnuaysak
Published: May 2014

The TIG pulse welding of 15Cr-4Ni-8Mn-1.3Cu austenitic stainless steel at pulse currents of 130 and 160 A with Argon shielding gases containing 0%, 5% and 10% (v/v) Nitrogen was investigated. The effects of pulse current and Nitrogen content in Argon shielding gas on the microstructure and mechanical properties of weld metal were studied. Based on the results found in this study, the nitrogen content in weld metal was found to increase with increasing nitrogen content in argon shielding gas and pulse current. With the addition of nitrogen in Argon shielding gas, the morphology of delta-ferrites was changed from the conventional TIG pulse welding using pure Argon shielding gas where both lathy and vermicular types were found. However, with the Nitrogen + Argon shielding gas, only vermicular type was observed. Moreover, the arm spacing of delta-ferrite can be enlarged by increasing the pulse current. Those results are the reason for the observed decrease in tensile strength and percent elongation with increasing nitrogen content in argon shielding gas and the pulse current.
Improvement of Oxidation Behavior at 1,073 and 1,173K of Austenitic Stainless Steels by Addition of Ni
Authors: Srihakulung Ornin , Wangyao Panyawat , Lothongkum Gobboon , Sricharoenchai Prasonk
Published: May 2014

This work studied the effect of Nickel addition to improve the oxidation behavior of austenitic stainless steels at 1,073 K and 1,173 K. The results show that Nickel increases the oxidation resistance of the austenitic stainless steels. The compositions of oxide scale also change form only Cr2O3 to be Cr2O3, Fe2O3, NiFe2O4 and Ni (Cr2O4). The oxidation behavior follows the parabolic rate law; W = ktn, where W = weight gain (g/cm2), t = time (s), k is the exponential rate constant and n is the exponent of growth rate. The n values are between 0.47-0.88.
Microimprinting Simulation of Anti-Bacterial Pattern on Stainless Steel Sheet
Authors: Koowattanasuchat Pramote , Mahayotsanun Numpon
Published: May 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of important factors in microimprinting, which could be used to create the anti-bacterial pattern on stainless steel sheets. The microimprinting process was modeled and simulated by using finite element analysis (FEA). The following factors were considered: forming steps, forming velocity, grain size, and friction coefficient. The simulation results showed that two-step forming helped reduce peak errors. Increasing forming velocity and friction coefficient tended to increase peak errors. The grain size effect was not noticeable because the selected grain sizes were much larger than that of the micro feature.
An Investigation of Optimum Cutting Conditions in Face Milling Mold Steel Affect the Surface Roughness and Tool Wear
Authors: Rawangwong Surasit , Boonchouytan Worapong , Chatthong Jaknarin , Burapa Romadorn
Published: May 2014

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of the main factors on the surface roughness in mold steels face milling by carbide tool for results obtained from the analysis used in the manufacture of molds and other parts of the industry. The etching experiment using semi-automated milling machine Obraeci Strojie brand FGV 32 model. Concerning the material was steel grade AISI P20 mold with a hardness between 280-325 HB which used to insert carbide tool. The factors of a speed, feed rate and depth of cut were study. Preliminary experiments showed that the depth does not affect the surface roughness fix depth of cut at 0.5 mm. The experimental revealed that the factor affecting surface roughness was feed rate and speed. The roughness value trenced to reduce at lower feed rate and greater speed. It was possible determine a facing condition by means of the equation Ra = 1.29 - 0.000654Speed + 0.00305Feed rate leading this equation goes to use is in limitation speed 500-1,000 rpm. at feed rate 160-315 mm/min. From the experiment was confirming the result of a comparison between the equation and the percent accuracy with the margin of error. The result from the experiment of mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the equation of surface roughness was 3.27% which was less than the margin of error and was acceptable. The pattern of wear was similar to mechanical fatigue cracking. It may be due to the verious tip of the cutting tool or an impact and flank wear as cutting tool materials resistant to wear less.
Tuning Optical Properties of Electrospun Titanium Dioxide Nanofibers by Controlling Particle Sizes
Authors: Prasansaeng Chotiros , Yuangkaew Tienthong , Triroj Napat , Jaroenapibal Papot
Published: May 2014

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanofibers with different particle sizes were fabricated using an electrospinning technique. The nanofibers were prepared from a mixture of titanium tetraisopropoxide and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to analyze the morphology and sizes of TiO2 nanoparticles within the nanofibers. The particle sizes of TiO2 were measured to be 17 nm, 28 nm and 35 nm for nanofibers calcined at 500 °C, 600 °C and 700 °C, respectively. Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy analysis and the application of the KubelkaMunk function reveal the size-dependent band gap energy of TiO2 nanofibers. The band gap energies are measured to be 2.9 eV, 2.6 eV and 2.5 eV for TiO2 nanofibers with average particle sizes of 17 nm, 28 nm and 35 nm, respectively.
Parameter Screening for the Important Factors Influencing the Aniline Removal by Photocatalysis over Supported Zinc Oxide Catalyst
Authors: Sriprom Pongsert , Prothanatt Sutthiwan , Neramittagapong Arthit , Neramittagapong Sutasinee
Published: May 2014

Aniline was removed by photocatalysis reaction using zinc oxide (ZnO, ZnO/Al2O3 and ZnO/SiO2) as catalysts. The oxidation reactions were carried out in a batch reactor. The experiment was designed by Pleckett-Burman Full Factorial Design (FFD) for screening test. The FFD was used to factors screening of 3 factors: wt% of ZnO, catalyst loading and UV light source on aniline removal. The equation model for factors screening was well fitted to the experiment data, which was observed by R2 coefficient of 0.95. The results show that wt% of ZnO and catalysts loading were the significant effects. The highest percentage aniline removal of 82.7% was achieved at the reaction condition; 0.5g of ZnO catalyst and 30wt%ZnO under UV-C irradiation. Moreover, it was found that Pleckett-Burman FFD was useful in factor screening of the aniline removal by photochemical reaction over ZnO-based catalysts.
Thermoelectricity of p-NCO and n-ZAO Thin Films
Authors: Somkhunthot Weerasak , Pimpabute Nuwat , Vora-Ud Arthorn , Seetawan Tosawat , Burinprakhon Thanusit
Published: May 2014

Thin films of sodium cobalt oxide and zinc aluminium oxide were prepared onto ceramic substrates by a bipolar pulsed-dc magnetron sputtering system using a NaCoO2target and a ZnAlO target, respectively, under an argon atmosphere. Energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis revealed that the as-deposited films from the NaCoO2target comprised Na, Co, O elements, while those from the ZnAlO target contained Zn, Al, O elements. Cross-sectional view estimation by the scanning electron microscope indicated that the as-deposited Na-Co-O (NCO) and Zn-Al-O (ZAO) films had the thickness of 0.63 μm and 0.58 μm, respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the NCO thin films were grown in amorphous phase while the ZAO thin films exhibited hexagonal structure. From thermoelectric properties measurement, the p-NCO and n-ZAO films were found to exhibit the thermoelcectric power factor of 0.03 and 14.39 μW/mK2, respectively. A thermoelectric module made from three pairs of the p-n thin film stripes provided the open-circuit voltage up to 26.0 mV for a temperature difference of 79.3 K. However, the module was unable to produce useful electrical current due to its high internal series resistance contributed from the NCO films.
Dimethyl Ether Synthesis via Methanol Dehydration over Diatomite Catalyst Modified Using Hydrochloric Acid
Authors: Pranee Watcharakorn , Assawasaengrat Pornsawan , Neramittagapong Arthit , Neramittagapong Sutasinee
Published: May 2014

The synthesis of dimethyl ether via methanol dehydration has been carried out over untreated-diatomite catalyst (DM) and hydrochloric acid modified treatment on diatomite catalyst (DMHC). The reactions were carried out in a fixed-bed reactor. The effects of hydrochloric acid modifications of diatomite on its catalytic performance were studied. The characterization such as XRD, SEM, FT-IR and FT-Raman had no deformation after HCl-modified treatment on catalysts. DMHC catalyst apparently gave the higher methanol conversion rate than DM due to the acidity while the selectivity of dimethyl ether from 250 to 350°C was slightly changed. The acidity was depended upon Al(IV) ions; nevertheless, both Al(V) and Al(VI) were affected and hence increasing the basic active sites. Not only was the competitively catalytic methanol dehydrogenation preferred with basic condition but also methanol-blocking water molecule interaction was the unwanted reaction. In this investigation, the chemical-bond arrangements of silicon and aluminium ions were proposed with solid MAS/NMR. The DMHC catalyst exhibited better DME yield than the DM catalyst, and it could be used as a selective catalyst for DME synthesis from methanol.
Improving the Thermal Insulation Properties of the Concrete Block with EVA Plastic Scrap
Authors: Khamput Prachoom , Tantavoranart Sompit , Suweero Kittipong
Published: May 2014

The aim of this research is to study about physical, mechanical, and thermal insulation properties of light weight concrete block products mixed with ethylene vinyl acetate plastic scrap (EVA) from shoe factories. The ratio of cement: aggregates (quarry dust + EVA): water is 1:4.5:1.66 by weight. EVA to cement ratios (E/C) are fixed at 0.00, 0.33, 0.42, 0.50 and 0.58. The concrete block samples are cast for testing the necessary properties followed the TIS standard 58-2533. From the experiment, EVA plastic with the appropriate size and quantity are well adhesive with cement as well as quarry dust mixture. The least density of light weight concrete block mixed with waste of ethylene vinyl acetate plastic products is 640 kg/cu.m. The appropriate mixtures of light weight concrete block mixed with EVA plastic scrap can reach the required values from the standard of TIS 58-2533 and can be used as a thermal insulation wall.
Shear Strength Prediction of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams Using Strut-and-Tie Model
Authors: Tasenhod Piyoros , Teerawong Jaruek
Published: May 2014

Shear strength prediction of simple deep reinforced concrete beams by method of strut-and-tie model is presented in this paper. The tested specimens were designed according to Appendix A of ACI 318-11 code with variations of shear span-to-effective depth ratios and ratios of horizontal and vertical crack-controlling reinforcement. Test results revealed that at the same shear span-to-effective depth ratio, the various crack-controlling reinforcements significantly influenced on strength reduction coefficients of strut and failure modes. When the shear span-to-effective depth ratios were increased, failure modes changed from splitting diagonal strut to flexural-shear failure. Based on the test results, the proposed model was compared with Appendix A of ACI 318-11code.
Probabilistic Time-Dependent Ratio of Cost to Benefit for Silane Treatment on Chloride-Exposed Concrete Structures
Authors: Petcherdchoo Aruz
Published: May 2014

This study presents use of an approach which links the Latin Hypercube technique with Crank-Nicolson based finite difference approach for probabilistic assessment of chloride diffusion through silane-treated concrete. There are six random variables; (1) surface chloride, (2) diffusion coefficient, (3) first application time, (4) subsequent application time, (5) effective duration, and (6) cost of silane treatment. By different application times, three repair strategies are proposed. With silane treatment, the diffusion of chloride ions in silane-treated zone is retarded leading to the extension of the time which the chloride content at a threshold depth reaches the critical value of rebar corrosion and concrete cracking. Based on this extension, the time-dependent risk of rebar corrosion and concrete cracking is defined, and the time-dependent ratio of cumulative cost of silane treatment to benefit (percent reduction of the risk) is calculated. And, the best strategy based on the ratio of cost to benefit is justified.
Horizontally Mounted Bender Elements for Measuring Shear Modulus in Soaked Sand Specimen
Authors: Piriyakul Keeratikan , Iamchaturapatr Janjit
Published: May 2014

New horizontally mounted bender element devices capable of high-quality transmission and reception of horizontally propagated shear waves polarized in orthogonal planes across the mid-height of a sand specimen are described. Mounting of these bender elements is on the membrane, attaching on the side wall of the reactor container. This technique is suitable for use on samples down to 80 mm length. The effective fabrication procedures that have been developed are described. The instrumentation systems used to drive and receive signals are outlined, and estimates of the magnitude of the shear strains developed by the bender elements and the accuracy with which shear wave velocities can be determined are discussed. The sand specimen is treated by the solution then its strength is developed. These new bender elements enable shear modulus to be measured before, during and after the treatment.
Application of Image Processing for Volume Measurement in Multistage Triaxial Tests
Authors: Hormdee Dolrerdee , Kaikeerati Nicha , Jirawattana Piyoros
Published: May 2014

To investigate the unsaturated soil properties, the measurement of volume change is dealt with both water and air volume changes. It cannot be defined by using only the volume of water flown in out from the specimen as saturated soil. This paper presents the volume change measurement by using image processing (IP) from the series of consolidated undrained (CU) and constant water content (CW) tests for saturated and unsaturated conditions of soil, respectively. The results, obtained between IP and the cell liquid measurement considered movement of piston and the cell expansion effect with pressure including creep, are good corresponding except the specimen has an irregular deformation.
Preparation and Properties of Polyurethane Adhesive Derived from Modified Rubber Seed Oil and Toluene Diisocyanates
Authors: Saetung Nitinart , Dawkrajai Darunrat , Saetung Anuwat
Published: May 2014

In this research, the polyurethane adhesive based on modified rubber seed oil with toluene diisocyanates was successfully synthesized in presence of DBTL catalyst. The chemical structure of modified rubber seed oil was characterized by 1H-NMR. The suitable reaction time of the polyurethane adhesive synthesis was 4h by providing with FT-IR technique. The effects of NCO index and chain extender (1,4-butane diols) content in adhesive formulation as well as cure temperature were also studied by leather to leather on adhesion peel strength. It was found that the higher NCO index or chain extender content gave the higher adhesion of substrate. The cure temperature of adhesive at 70 °C gave the better peel strength than that at 30 °C during 24 h.
Travel Time Estimation on a Link without Real-Time Data by Correlated Links
Authors: Intiruk Narong , Sinthupinyo Sukree , Pattara-Atikom Wasan
Published: May 2014

This paper presents a novel method to estimate travel time on a road segment using information from other road segments. This method is useful especially in the case that real-time traffic on such road segment is not available. The proposed method is based on the correlation between the road segment itself and the most related road segment. We measure the relation between road segments by dynamic time warping algorithm and apply the K-Nearest-Neighbor algorithm to select the best neighbor segment to estimate the travel time on the target road segment. We found that the best attributes set that can measure the correlation between road sections consists of location of the road segments, day of the week, and current time. The link correlation results can be used as reference data to determine the travel time on the roads that are related.
An Expeditious Model for Equalization of Municipal Tax on Real Estate - An Italian Case
Authors: de Mare Gianluigi , Nesticò Antonio
Published: May 2014

The current difficulties of the Italian public budget are likely to lead it to exceed the European limit that sets a deficit not superior to 3% of the GDP. It seems that the council property tax regulations, adopted by Legislative Decree 102/2013 last August, will not be transformed into law. The regulations included the abolition of the council tax (IMU), which currently affects buildings in relation to their land value and not their market value. This study developed in equal parts by the two authors is based on the difference, abnormal in the Italian case, between these two values as well as the social and economic inequalities it generates. It proposes an expeditious model capable of reducing the inequality inherent in the mechanism of tax, ensuring the differentiation of the cadastral value at least with respect to the location of the housing, which - together with the construction characteristics contributes to the diversification of the market value of the property.
The Public-Private Partnerships in Buildings Regeneration: A Model Appraisal of the Benefits and for Land Value Capture
Authors: Calabrò Francesco , Della Spina Lucia
Published: May 2014

This paper discuss the thematic of public-private economic negotiation in the realization of urban regeneration programs. The Complex Urban Programs (PUC) represent a generation of planning instruments generally in variation to ordinary instruments of general planning (PRG). These instruments found its legitimacy on new forms of concerted planning, in which the objectives are the effectiveness and efficiency of the public administration and the most important point of view are the quality and transparency of the negotiation between public and private. In these circumstances for the purposes of the feasibility, the arguments of urban planning must necessarily be supported by economic-financial considerations resulting from appraisals of the benefits financial and the new real estate values generated by the decision to promote the program in PRG variant. Particular attention must be paid on the modality for consultation between the public government, the owners and the developers when they comparing on mutual convenience as part of the PUC: the negotiation activities is the time during which the public body can capture a portion of land value generated by the choices of modify the PRG. The aim of this paper is the presentation of the economic negotiation between public and private that the Municipality of Reggio Calabria (Italy), with the technical and scientific support of the university laboratory of economic and appraisal evaluation (LaborEst) has promoted in recent years through two PUC. The two Complex Urban Programs are both located in the south of cities of Reggio Calabria (Italy). The paper describes in particular the model for appraisal of extrastandard charged by private entities participating in the two programs. The model developed by both authors is the result of their common research.
Rice Bran/Poly(lactic acid) Composites in Packaging Product
Authors: Dangtungee Rapeephun , Srisuk Rapeeporn , Siengchin Suchart
Published: May 2014

This research work was carried out on the production of rice bran/poly (lactic acid) (PLA) composites. The composition during the batch molding process included rice bran, PLA, glycerol, and magnesium stearate (mold released agent). Afterwards, the composition was molded by bio-compression at temperature of 170°C for 5 min, and a pressure range of 50-100 kg/cm3. The result showed that the composition of rice bran, PLA, and glycerol could be used in the formation of food packaging. Also the mechanical properties, such as compressive strength and hardness, were investigated. It could be concluded that the most appropriate formulation of rice bran packaging was 5 phr PLA and 3 phr glycerol and 2 phr magnesium stearate. Moreover, FTIR results indicated the non-toxic nature of this method of food packaging.