bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UJI AKTIVITAS SEDIAAN GEL EKSTRAK DAUN SIRIH (Piper betle L.) TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN LUKA SAYAT PADA KELINCI (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Buana Januarti Ika , Kiki Waluyo Wahyu Ningsih  , Aries Badrus Sholeh
Published: February 2023

Luka sayat adalah luka yang disebabkan oleh objek yang tajam, biasanya mencakup seluruh luka akibat benda-benda tajam. Daun Sirih banyak digunakan dalam pengobatan tradisional salah satunya yaitu mempercepat penyembuhan luka dengan kandungan senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, dan tanin. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menentukan karakteristik sifat fisik gel dan untuk mengetahui aktivitas gel ekstrak daun sirih terhadap penyembuhan luka sayat pada kelinci. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain pre-post. Analisis data menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis dilanjutkan uji pairwise comparisons untuk melihat ada tidaknya perbedaan rerata yang bermakna antara panjang luka sebelum perlakuan dan setelah perlakuan yang terdiri dari 5 perlakuan, yaitu kontrol positif (Bioplacenton®), kontrol negatif, basis gel, dan 3 konsentrasi yaitu gel ekstrak konsentrasi 5%, 10%, dan 15% dengan masing-masing 5 kali pengulangan. Perlakuan dilakukan sebanyak dua kali dalam sehari selama 16 hari. Hasil pengukuran panjang luka pada kelinci menunjukkan bahwa gel ekstrak daun sirih memiliki potensi sebagai penyembuh luka sayat dengan nilai p-Value <0,05 yaitu 0,024. Formula gel ekstrak daun sirih dengan konsentrasi 15% memiliki efek penyembuhan luka yang setara dengan kontrol positif (Bioplacenton®) dan lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan gel ekstrak konsentrasi 5% dan 15%.
Kata Kunci: Gel ekstrak daun sirih, luka sayat
Virtueller Rundgang durch das Historische Seminar
Authors: Bruhn Karen , Petersen Thorge
Published: February 2023

Der virtuelle Rundgang durch das Historische Seminar in der Leibnizstr. 8 stellt eine Art ›Bestandssicherung‹ dar. Die 1970/1972 errichteten Fakultätenblöcke in der Leibnizstraße werden bis 2028 grundsaniert.
Der virtuelle Rundgang soll Einblicke in die aktuellen und bald selbst historischen Räumlichkeiten des Seminars geben.
Die Arbeitsweise der Brüder Grimm
Authors: Kraut Philip
Published: February 2023

Philip Kraut rekonstruiert die Arbeitsweise der Brüder Grimm auf Grundlage ihrer ungewöhnlich vollständig erhaltenen Zettel- und Materialsammlungen, Notizhefte, Werkmanuskripte und intensiv benutzten Bücher der persönlichen Bibliothek. Er entwirft dadurch auch einen Gesamtüberblick über die Arbeitsmaterialien der Brüder Grimm, die bisher oft nicht einmal genau identifiziert sind. Anhand ausgewählter Dokumente, die im E-Book auch abgebildet sind, beschreibt Kraut die Lektüre, das Abschreiben und Exzerpieren von Quellen, das Formulieren wissenschaftlicher Belege und Argumente genau. Notizen können so von der Buchlektüre bis in die Werkmanuskripte verfolgt werden. Der Arbeitsprozess der Brüder Grimm begann mit topischer Materialsammlung und -ordnung als werkkonstituierender Bedingung ihrer Publikationen. Durch die Rekonstruktion ihrer prototypischen Arbeitspraxis, wie sie zahllose Originalmaterialien der Brüder Grimm in Bibliotheken und Archiven bezeugen, leistet Krauts Studie einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Geschichte gelehrter Arbeitspraktiken und verdeutlicht den kulturgeschichtlichen Rang der Textsorten Exzerpt, Notizbuch, Werkmanuskript und Druckvorlage.
Diverging Language Uses: Political Discourse in Hungary after World War I
Authors: Takáts József
Published: February 2023

Following some introductory notes on methodology, this study analyzes the process of the intensifying militarization, polarization, brutalization, sacralization, saturation with extreme appeals to emotions, and apocalyptic tone of Hungarian political texts after 1918. It also examines the ways in which the National Darwinist political vocabulary, which evolved originally in the last third of the nineteenth century, survived after the World War, and how it created the double languages of nationalist discourse: the historicizing one and the racist one.
The Story of Croatian Bosnia: Mythos, Empire-Building Aspirations, or a Failed Attempt at National Integration?
Authors: Sokcsevits Dénes
Published: February 2023

The nineteenth-century processes of “nation-building” and national integration took place in the western regions of southeastern Europe against a distinctive backdrop. The formation of national self-images, the creation of a national self-definition, and indeed the emergence of any clear consensus on who constituted or should constitute a given national community proved daunting tasks for the multi-ethnic and multi-religious populations of southeastern Europe in the provinces of the Habsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire. The essential contention of this inquiry is that religious and national identities are not clearly interrelated in southeastern Europe (much, indeed, as they are not clearly interrelated elsewhere). I offer, as a clear illustration of the untenability of religious identity as an adequate foundation for nation building, an examination of the case of Bosnia and the development of a sense of identity and national belonging among Bosnian Croats and Muslims. Even the case of the emergence of the modern Serbian and Croatian nations, often cited as archetypes of national identities which developed along religious fault lines, is not as clear as it often seems to be in the public mind. It was not the only possibility, but rather was merely one alternative, an alternative that was shaped as much by internal circumstances as by the prevailing foreign political situation: the emergence, meaning, and “content” of the nation can be interpreted as a response to these factors.
The Origin of the Nuclear Star-forming Ring in NGC 3182
Authors: Pak Mina , Lee Joon Hyeop , Jeong Hyunjin , Jeong Woong-Seob
Published: February 2023

We investigate the stellar and ionized gas kinematics, and stellar populations of NGC 3182 galaxy using integral field spectrograph data from the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area survey. We try to clarify the nature of the ring structure in NGC 3182. We find a negative stellar age gradient out to the ring, while [α/Fe] considerably enhanced in the ring. The stellar metallicity shows a smooth negative gradient. From the line-ratio diagnostic diagrams, we confirm that NGC 3182 is a Seyfert galaxy from emission-line flux ratio, while the gas in the inner ring is ionized mostly by young stars. However, any obvious feature of outflows is not found in its gas kinematics. In the ring, star formation seems to have recently occurred and the gas metallicity is slightly enhanced compared to the center. From our results, we conclude that star formation has occurred in the circumnuclear region within a short period and this may result from a positive feedback by active galactic nucleus radiation pressure.
On the Application of Bayesian Leave-one-out Cross-validation to Exoplanet Atmospheric Analysis
Authors: Welbanks Luis , McGill Peter , Line Michael , Madhusudhan Nikku
Published: February 2023

Over the last decade exoplanetary transmission spectra have yielded an unprecedented understanding about the physical and chemical nature of planets outside our solar system. Physical and chemical knowledge is mainly extracted via fitting competing models to spectroscopic data, based on some goodness-of-fit metric. However, current employed metrics shed little light on how exactly a given model is failing at the individual data point level and where it could be improved. As the quality of our data and complexity of our models increases, there is a need to better understand which observations are driving our model interpretations. Here we present the application of Bayesian leave-one-out cross-validation to assess the performance of exoplanet atmospheric models and compute the expected log pointwise predictive density (elpdLOO). elpdLOO estimates the out-of-sample predictive accuracy of an atmospheric model at data-point resolution, providing interpretable model criticism. We introduce and demonstrate this method on synthetic Hubble Space Telescope transmission spectra of a hot Jupiter. We apply elpdLOO to interpret current observations of HAT-P-41 b and assess the reliability of recent inferences of H− in its atmosphere. We find that previous detections of H− are dependent solely on a single data point. This new metric for exoplanetary retrievals complements and expands our repertoire of tools to better understand the limits of our models and data. elpdLOO provides the means to interrogate models at the single-data-point level, which will help in robustly interpreting the imminent wealth of spectroscopic information coming from JWST.
Making the Solar System
Authors: Chambers John
Published: February 2023

We model the early stages of planet formation in the solar system, including continual planetesimal formation, and planetesimal and pebble accretion onto planetary embryos in an evolving disk driven by a disk wind. The aim is to constrain aspects of planet formation that have large uncertainties by matching key characteristics of the solar system. The model produces a good fit to these characteristics for a narrow range of parameter space. Planetary growth beyond the ice line is dominated by pebble accretion. Planetesimal accretion is more important inside the ice line. Pebble accretion inside the ice line is slowed by higher temperatures, partial removal of inflowing pebbles by planetesimal formation and pebble accretion further out in the disk, and increased radial velocities due to gas advection. The terrestrial planets are prevented from accreting much water ice because embryos beyond the ice line reach the pebble-isolation mass before the ice line enters the terrestrial-planet region. When only pebble accretion is considered, embryos typically remain near their initial mass or grow to the pebble-isolation mass. Adding planetesimal accretion allows Mars-sized objects to form inside the ice line, and allows giant-planet cores to form over a wider region beyond the ice line. In the region occupied by Mercury, pebble Stokes numbers are small. This delays the formation of embryos and stunts their growth, so that only low-mass planets can form here.
RC100: Rotation Curves of 100 Massive Star-forming Galaxies at z = 0.6–2.5 Reveal Little Dark Matter on Galactic Scales
Authors: Nestor Shachar A. , Price S. H. , Förster Schreiber N. M. , Genzel R. , Shimizu T. T. , Tacconi L. J. , Übler H. , Burkert A. , Davies R. I. , Dekel A. , Herrera-Camus R. , Lee L. L. , Liu D. , Lutz D. , Naab T. , Neri R. , Renzini A. , Saglia R. , Schuster K. F. , Sternberg A. , Wisnioski E. , Wuyts S.
Published: February 2023

We analyze Hα or CO rotation curves extending out to several galaxy effective radii for 100 massive, large, star-forming disk galaxies (SFGs) across the peak of cosmic galaxy star formation (z ∼ 0.6–2.5), more than doubling the previous sample presented by Genzel et al. and Price et al. The observations were taken with SINFONI and KMOS integral-field spectrographs at the ESO-Very Large Telescope, LUCI-LBT, NOEMA-IRAM, and Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. We fit the major-axis kinematics with beam-convolved, forward models of turbulent rotating disks with bulges embedded in dark matter (DM) halos, including the effects of pressure support. The fraction of dark to total matter within the disk effective radius (R
e ∼ 5 kpc), f
DM(R
e) = V
2
DM(R
e)/V
2
circ(R
e) decreases with redshift: at z ∼ 1 (z ∼ 2) the median DM fraction is 0.38 ± 0.23 (0.27 ± 0.18), and a third (half) of all galaxies are maximal disks with f
DM(R
e) < 0.28. DM fractions correlate inversely with the baryonic surface density, and the low DM fractions can be explained with a flattened, or cored, inner DM density distribution. At z ∼ 2, there is ≈40% less DM mass on average within R
e compared to expected values based on cosmological stellar-mass–halo-mass relations. The DM deficit is more evident at high star formation rate surface densities (≳2.5 M
⊙ yr−1 kpc2) and galaxies with massive bulges (≥1010
M
⊙). A combination of stellar or active galactic nucleus feedback, and/or heating due to dynamical friction, may drive the DM from cuspy into cored mass distributions, pointing to an efficient buildup of massive bulges and central black holes at z ∼ 2 SFGs.
On the Generation and Evolution of Switchbacks and the Morphology of the Alfvénic Transition: Low Mach-number Boundary Layers
Authors: Liu Ying D. , Ran Hao , Hu Huidong , Bale Stuart D.
Published: February 2023

We investigate the generation and evolution of switchbacks (SBs), the nature of the sub-Alfvénic wind observed by the Parker Solar Probe (PSP), and the morphology of the Alfvénic transition, all of which are key issues in solar wind research. First we highlight a special structure in the pristine solar wind, termed a low Mach-number boundary layer (LMBL). An increased Alfvén radius and suppressed SBs are observed within an LMBL. A probable source on the Sun for an LMBL is the peripheral region inside a coronal hole with rapidly diverging open fields. The sub-Alfvénic wind detected by PSP is an LMBL flow by nature. The similar origin and similar properties of the sub-Alfvénic intervals favor a wrinkled surface for the morphology of the Alfvénic transition. We find that a larger deflection angle tends to be associated with a higher Alfvén Mach number. The magnetic deflections have an origin well below the Alfvén critical point, and deflection angles larger than 90° seem to occur only when M
A ≳ 2. The velocity enhancement in units of the local Alfvén speed generally increases with the deflection angle, which is explained by a simple model. A nonlinearly evolved, saturated state is revealed for SBs, where the local Alfvén speed is roughly an upper bound for the velocity enhancement. In the context of these results, the most promising theory on the origin of SBs is the model of expanding waves and turbulence, and the patchy distribution of SBs is attributed to modulation by reductions in the Alfvén Mach number. Finally, a picture of the generation and evolution of SBs is created based on the results.
The Modulation of Anomalous and Galactic Cosmic-Ray Oxygen over Successive Solar Cycle Minima
Authors: Strauss R. D. , Leske R. A. , Rankin J. S.
Published: February 2023

Both the recent 2009 and 2020 solar minima were classified as unusually quiet and characterized with unusually high galactic cosmic-ray (GCR) levels. However, unlike the trends from previous decades, in which anomalous cosmic-ray (ACR) and GCR levels strongly agreed, the ACR intensities did not reach such high, record-setting levels. This discrepancy between the behavior of GCRs and ACRs is investigated in this work by simulating the acceleration and transport of GCR and ACR oxygen under different transport conditions. After using recent observations to constrain any remaining free parameters present in the model, we show that less turbulent conditions are characterized by higher GCR fluxes and lower ACR fluxes, due to less efficient ACR acceleration at the solar wind termination shock. We offer this as an explanation for the ACR/GCR discrepancy observed during 2009 and 2020, when compared to previous solar cycles.
High-redshift JWST Observations and Primordial Non-Gaussianity
Authors: Biagetti Matteo , Franciolini Gabriele , Riotto Antonio
Published: February 2023

Several bright and massive galaxy candidates at high redshifts have been recently observed by the James Webb Space Telescope. Such early massive galaxies seem difficult to reconcile with standard Λ cold dark matter model predictions. We discuss under which circumstances such observed massive galaxy candidates can be explained by introducing primordial non-Gaussianity in the initial conditions of cosmological perturbations.
A Comprehensive Study of Galaxies at z ∼ 9–16 Found in the Early JWST Data: Ultraviolet Luminosity Functions and Cosmic Star Formation History at the Pre-reionization Epoch
Authors: Harikane Yuichi , Ouchi Masami , Oguri Masamune , Ono Yoshiaki , Nakajima Kimihiko , Isobe Yuki , Umeda Hiroya , Mawatari Ken , Zhang Yechi
Published: February 2023

We conduct a comprehensive study on dropout galaxy candidates at z ∼ 9–16 using the first 90 arcmin2 James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Near Infrared Camera images taken by the early release observations (ERO) and early release science programs. With the JWST simulation images, we find that a number of foreground interlopers are selected with a weak photo-z determination (Δχ
2 > 4). We thus carefully apply a secure photo-z selection criterion (Δχ
2 > 9) and conventional color criteria with confirmations of the ERO Near Infrared Spectrograph spectroscopic redshifts, and obtain a total of 23 dropout galaxies at z ∼ 9–16, including two candidates at

z

phot

=

16.25

−
0.46

+
0.24

and

16.41

−
0.55

+
0.66

. We perform thorough comparisons of dropout galaxies found in our work with recent JWST studies, and conclude that our galaxy sample is reliable enough for statistical analyses. We derive the UV luminosity functions at z ∼ 9–16, and confirm that our UV luminosity functions at z ∼ 9 and 12 agree with those determined by other Hubble Space Telescope and JWST studies. The cosmic star formation rate (SFR) density decreases from z ∼ 9 to 12, and perhaps to 16, but the densities at z ∼ 12–16 are higher than the constant star formation efficiency model. Interestingly, there are six bright galaxy candidates at z ∼ 10–16 with M
UV < −19.5 mag and M
* ∼ 108−9
M
⊙. Because a majority (∼80%) of these galaxies show no signatures of active galactic nuclei in their morphologies, the high cosmic SFR densities and the existence of these UV-luminous galaxies are explained by the lack of suppression of star formation by the UV background radiation at the pre-reionization epoch and/or an efficient UV radiation production by a top-heavy initial mass function with Population III–like star formation.
Updated Void Catalogs of the SDSS DR7 Main Sample
Authors: Douglass Kelly A. , Veyrat Dahlia , BenZvi Segev
Published: February 2023

We produce several public void catalogs using a volume-limited subsample of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 (SDSS DR7). Using new implementations of three different void-finding algorithms, VoidFinder and two ZOBOV-based algorithms (VIDE and REVOLVER), we identify 1163, 531, and 518 cosmic voids with radii >10 h
−1 Mpc, respectively, out to a redshift of z = 0.114 assuming a Planck 2018 cosmology, and 1184, 535, and 519 cosmic voids assuming a WMAP5 cosmology. We compute effective radii and centers for all voids and find none with an effective radius >54 h
−1 Mpc. The median void effective radius is 15–19 h
−1 Mpc for all three algorithms. We extract and discuss several properties of the void populations, including radial density profiles, the volume fraction of the catalog contained within voids, and the fraction of galaxies contained within voids. Using 64 mock galaxy catalogs created from the Horizon Run 4 N-body simulation, we compare simulated and observed void properties and find good agreement between the SDSS DR7 and mock catalog results.
PHANGS–JWST First Results: The 21 μm Compact Source Population
Authors: Hassani Hamid , Rosolowsky Erik , Leroy Adam K. , Boquien Médéric , Lee Janice C. , Barnes Ashley T. , Belfiore Francesco , Bigiel F. , Cao Yixian , Chevance Mélanie , Dale Daniel A. , Egorov Oleg V. , Emsellem Eric , Faesi Christopher M. , Grasha Kathryn , Kim Jaeyeon , Klessen Ralf S. , Kreckel Kathryn , Kruijssen J. M. Diederik , Larson Kirsten L. , Meidt Sharon E. , Sandstrom Karin M. , Schinnerer Eva , Thilker David A. , Watkins Elizabeth J. , Whitmore Bradley C. , Williams Thomas G.
Published: February 2023

We use PHANGS–James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) data to identify and classify 1271 compact 21 μm sources in four nearby galaxies using MIRI F2100W data. We identify sources using a dendrogram-based algorithm, and we measure the background-subtracted flux densities for JWST bands from 2 to 21 μm. Using the spectral energy distribution (SED) in JWST and HST bands plus ALMA and MUSE/VLT observations, we classify the sources by eye. Then we use this classification to define regions in color–color space and so establish a quantitative framework for classifying sources. We identify 1085 sources as belonging to the ISM of the target galaxies with the remainder being dusty stars or background galaxies. These 21 μm sources are strongly spatially associated with H ii regions (>92% of sources), while 74% of the sources are coincident with a stellar association defined in the HST data. Using SED fitting, we find that the stellar masses of the 21 μm sources span a range of 102–104
M
⊙ with mass-weighted ages down to 2 Myr. There is a tight correlation between attenuation-corrected Hα and 21 μm luminosity for L

ν,F2100W > 1019 W Hz−1. Young embedded source candidates selected at 21 μm are found below this threshold and have M
⋆ < 103
M
⊙.
PHANGS–JWST First Results: Measuring Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Properties across the Multiphase Interstellar Medium
Authors: Chastenet Jérémy , Sutter Jessica , Sandstrom Karin , Belfiore Francesco , Egorov Oleg V. , Larson Kirsten L. , Leroy Adam K. , Liu Daizhong , Rosolowsky Erik , Thilker David A. , Watkins Elizabeth J. , Williams Thomas G. , Barnes Ashley. T. , Bigiel F. , Boquien Médéric , Chevance Mélanie , Dale Daniel A. , Kruijssen J. M. Diederik , Emsellem Eric , Grasha Kathryn , Groves Brent , Hassani Hamid , Hughes Annie , Kreckel Kathryn , Meidt Sharon E. , Pan Hsi-An , Querejeta Miguel , Schinnerer Eva , Whitcomb Cory M.
Published: February 2023

Ratios of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) vibrational bands are a promising tool for measuring the properties of the PAH population and their effect on star formation. The photometric bands of the MIRI and NIRCam instruments on JWST provide the opportunity to measure PAH emission features across entire galaxy disks at unprecedented resolution and sensitivity. Here we present the first results of this analysis in a sample of three nearby galaxies: NGC 628, NGC 1365, and NGC 7496. Based on the variations observed in the 3.3, 7.7, and 11.3 μm features, we infer changes to the average PAH size and ionization state across the different galaxy environments. High values of F335MPAH/F1130W and low values of F1130W/F770W are measured in H ii regions in all three galaxies. This suggests that these regions are populated by hotter PAHs, and/or that the PAH ionization fraction is larger. We see additional evidence of heating and/or changes in PAH size in regions with higher molecular gas content as well as increased ionization in regions with higher Hα intensity.
PHANGS–JWST First Results: Mapping the 3.3 μm Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Vibrational Band in Nearby Galaxies with NIRCam Medium Bands
Authors: Sandstrom Karin M. , Chastenet Jérémy , Sutter Jessica , Leroy Adam K. , Egorov Oleg V. , Williams Thomas G. , Bolatto Alberto D. , Boquien Médéric , Cao Yixian , Dale Daniel A. , Lee Janice C. , Rosolowsky Erik , Schinnerer Eva , Barnes Ashley. T. , Belfiore Francesco , Bigiel F. , Chevance Mélanie , Grasha Kathryn , Groves Brent , Hassani Hamid , Hughes Annie , Klessen Ralf S. , Kruijssen J. M. Diederik , Larson Kirsten L. , Liu Daizhong , Lopez Laura A. , Meidt Sharon E. , Murphy Eric J. , Sormani Mattia C. , Thilker David A. , Watkins Elizabeth J.
Published: February 2023

We present maps of the 3.3 μm polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission feature in NGC 628, NGC 1365, and NGC 7496 as observed with the Near-Infrared Camera imager on JWST from the PHANGS–JWST Cycle 1 Treasury project. We create maps that isolate the 3.3 μm PAH feature in the F335M filter (F335MPAH) using combinations of the F300M and F360M filters for removal of starlight continuum. This continuum removal is complicated by contamination of the F360M by PAH emission and variations in the stellar spectral energy distribution slopes between 3.0 and 3.6 μm. We modify the empirical prescription from Lai et al. to remove the starlight continuum in our highly resolved galaxies, which have a range of starlight- and PAH-dominated lines of sight. Analyzing radially binned profiles of the F335MPAH emission, we find that between 5% and 65% of the F335M intensity comes from the 3.3 μm feature within the inner 0.5 r
25 of our targets. This percentage systematically varies from galaxy to galaxy and shows radial trends within the galaxies related to each galaxy’s distribution of stellar mass, interstellar medium, and star formation. The 3.3 μm emission is well correlated with the 11.3 μm PAH feature traced with the MIRI F1130W filter, as is expected, since both features arise from C–H vibrational modes. The average F335MPAH/F1130W ratio agrees with the predictions of recent models by Draine et al. for PAHs with size and charge distributions shifted toward larger grains with normal or higher ionization.
Multi-messenger Model for the Prompt Emission from GRB 221009A
Authors: Rudolph Annika , Petropoulou Maria , Winter Walter , Bošnjak Željka
Published: February 2023

We present a multi-messenger model for the prompt emission from GRB 221009A within the internal shock scenario. We consider the time-dependent evolution of the outflow with its impact on the observed light curve from multiple collisions, as well as the self-consistent generation of the electromagnetic spectrum in synchrotron and inverse Compton-dominated scenarios. Our lepto-hadronic model includes UHE protons potentially accelerated in the outflow, and their feedback on spectral energy distribution and on the neutrino emission. We find that we can roughly reproduce the observed light curves with an engine with varying ejection velocity of ultrarelativistic material, which has an intermediate quiescent period of about 200 s and a variability timescale of ∼1 s. We consider baryonic loadings of 3 and 30 that are compatible with the hypothesis that the highest-energetic LHAASO photons might come from UHECR interactions with the extragalactic background light, and the paradigm that energetic GRBs may power the UHECR flux. For these values and the high dissipation radii considered, we find consistency with the nonobservation of neutrinos and no significant signatures on the electromagnetic spectrum. Inverse Compton-dominated scenarios from the prompt emission are demonstrated to lead to about an order of magnitude higher fluxes in the HE range; this enhancement is testable via its spectral impact in the Fermi-GBM and LAT ranges.
Exploring the Chemical Evolution of Nitrogen and Oxygen in Local Star-forming Galaxies
Authors: Stephenson Mabel G. , Arellano-Córdova Karla Z. , Berg Danielle A. , Mingozzi Matilde , James Bethan L.
Published: February 2023

We utilize a sample of 45 local star-forming galaxies (z < 0.18) from the COS Legacy Archive Spectroscopic SurveY (CLASSY) to analyze the N/O versus O/H relationship. Nitrogen and oxygen are ejected into the interstellar medium at different timescales by intermediate-mass and massive stars. Therefore, the N/O abundance ratio with respect to the gas-phase metallicity (O/H) is a powerful tool to improve our interpretation on galaxy formation and evolution. In order to analyze such a relation, we derive the the electron density and temperature for the whole sample, allowing for accurate determinations of N/O and the metallicity. We compare our results with an additional sample of dwarf star-forming galaxies and extragalactic H ii regions. We also analyze the N/O ratio with the stellar mass and star formation rate.
Io’s Optical Aurorae in Jupiter’s Shadow
Authors: Schmidt Carl , Sharov Mikhail , de Kleer Katherine , Schneider Nick , de Pater Imke , Phipps Phillip H. , Conrad Albert , Moore Luke , Withers Paul , Spencer John , Morgenthaler Jeff , Ilyin Ilya , Strassmeier Klaus , Veillet Christian , Hill John , Brown Mike
Published: February 2023

Decline and recovery timescales surrounding eclipse are indicative of the controlling physical processes in Io’s atmosphere. Recent studies have established that the majority of Io’s molecular atmosphere, SO2 and SO, condenses during its passage through Jupiter’s shadow. The eclipse response of Io’s atomic atmosphere is less certain, having been characterized solely by ultraviolet aurorae. Here we explore the response of optical aurorae for the first time. We find oxygen to be indifferent to the changing illumination, with [O i] brightness merely tracking the plasma density at Io’s position in the torus. In shadow, line ratios confirm sparse SO2 coverage relative to O, since their collisions would otherwise quench the emission. Io’s sodium aurora mostly disappears in eclipse and e-folding timescales, for decline and recovery differ sharply: ∼10 minutes at ingress and nearly 2 hr at egress. Only ion chemistry can produce such a disparity; Io’s molecular ionosphere is weaker at egress due to rapid recombination. Interruption of a NaCl+ photochemical pathway best explains Na behavior surrounding eclipse, implying that the role of electron impact ionization is minor relative to photons. Auroral emission is also evident from potassium, confirming K as the major source of far red emissions seen with spacecraft imaging at Jupiter. In all cases, direct electron impact on atomic gas is sufficient to explain the brightness without invoking significant dissociative excitation of molecules. Surprisingly, the nonresponse of O and rapid depletion of Na is opposite the temporal behavior of their SO2 and NaCl parent molecules during Io’s eclipse phase.
Chaenothecopsis (Mycocaliciales, Ascomycota) from exudates of endemic New Zealand Podocarpaceae
Authors: Beimforde Christina , Schmidt Alexander R. , Tuovila Hanna , Kaulfuss Uwe , Germer Juliane , Lee William G. , Rikkinen Jouko
Published: February 2023

The order Mycocaliciales (Ascomycota) comprises fungal species with diverse, often highly specialized substrate ecologies. Particularly within the genus Chaenothecopsis, many species exclusively occur on fresh and solidified resins or other exudates of vascular plants. In New Zealand, the only previously known species growing on plant exudate is Chaenothecopsis schefflerae, found on several endemic angiosperms in the family Araliaceae. Here we describe three new species; Chaenothecopsis matai Rikkinen, Beimforde, Tuovila & A.R. Schmidt, C. nodosa Beimforde, Tuovila, Rikkinen & A.R. Schmidt, and C. novae-zelandiae Rikkinen, Beimforde, Tuovila & A.R. Schmidt, all growing on exudates of endemic New Zealand conifers of the Podocarpaceae family, particularly on Prumnopitys taxifolia. Phylogenetic analyses based on ribosomal DNA regions (ITS and LSU) grouped them into a distinct, monophyletic clade. This, as well as the restricted host range, suggests that all three taxa are endemic to New Zealand. Copious insect frass between the ascomata contain ascospores or show an early stage of ascomata development, indicating that the fungi are spread by insects. The three new species represent the first evidence of Chaenothecopsis from any Podocarpaceae species and the first from any gymnosperm exudates in New Zealand.
MRI Brain Scans Classification Using Extreme Learning Machine on LBP and GLCM
Authors: Al-Awadi Jhan Yahya Rbat , Aljobouri Hadeel K. , Hasan Ali M.
Published: February 2023

The primary goal of this study is to predict the presence of a brain tumor using MRI brain images. These images are first pre-processed to remove the boundary borders and the undesired regions. Gray-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and Local Binary Pattern method (LBP) approaches are mixed for extracting multiple local and global features. The best features are selected using the ANOVA statistical approach, which is based on the largest variance. Then, the selected features are applied to many state of arts classifiers as well as to Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) neural network model, where the weights are optimized via the regularization of RELM using a suitable ratio of Cross Validation (CV) for the images' classification into one of two classes, namely normal (benign) and abnormal (malignant). The proposed ELM algorithm was trained and tested with 800 images of BRATS 2015 datasets types, and the experimental results demonstrated that this approach has better performance on several evaluation criteria, including accuracy, stability, and speedup. It reaches to 98.87% accuracy with extremely low classification time. ELM can improve the classification performance by raising the accuracy more than 2% and reducing the number of processes needed by speeding up the algorithm by a factor of 10 for an average of 20 trials.
IJAGR at the International Medical Symposium Geography 2022 Edinburgh, Scotland
Authors: Albert Donald P.
Published: February 2023

Donald Albert (co-Editor-in-Chief) from Sam Houston State University and Dhitinut Ratnapradipa (Associate Editor) from Creighton University participated in the 19th International Medical Symposium Geography (IMGS) from June 19-June 24, 2022, in Edinburgh, Scotland. The event operated out of the Royal College of Surgeons located in the Old Town of Edinburgh. This historic venue provided an appropriate setting to contemplate patterns of health and disease. Jamie Pearce and Niamh Shortt (University of Edinburgh) were co-Chairs of the IMGS 2022. The authors' poster abstract was entitled, “The International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research: Temporal Metrics and Coverage of Medical Geography, 2010-2021.”
The Impact and Implication of Artificial Intelligence on Thematic Healthcare and Quality of Life
Authors: Lainjo Bongs , Tmouche Hanan
Published: February 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is utilized to define the application of machine learning (ML) technologies or algorithms to replicate human cognitive abilities regarding the understanding, presentation, and analysis of sophisticated medical procedures and healthcare information. This article discusses the impacts and implications of AI on QoL and healthcare. The thirty-two articles included in the dataset for this study were algorithmically retrieved through a systematic search on four multidisciplinary databases, including PubMed, JSTOR, ScienceDirect, and Medline. This thematic analysis identified and discussed the following themes: AI and sustainability; the potential risk of automation bias; healthcare ethics; AI and quality of life regarding security and safety; and bias in artificial intelligence technologies. Impact-related graphs of the different AI systems and healthcare dynamics are also included in the narrative. Population safety, security, racial bias, and proactive systems are identified as potential and perpetual challenges.
Automated Selection of Web Form Text Field Values Based on Bayesian Inferences
Authors: Malhotra Diksha , Bhatia Rajesh , Kumar Manish
Published: February 2023

The deep web is comprised of a large corpus of information hidden behind the searchable web interfaces. Accessing content through searchable interfaces is somehow a challenging task. One of the challenges in accessing the deep web is automatically filling the searchable web forms for retrieving the maximum number of records by a minimum number of submissions. The paper proposes a methodology to improve the existing method of getting informative data behind searchable forms by automatically submitting web forms. The form text field values are obtained through Bayesian inferences. Using Bayesian networks, the authors aim to infer the values of text fields using the existing values in the label value set (LVS) table. Various experiments have been conducted to measure the accuracy and computation time taken by the proposed value selection method. It proves to be highly accurate and takes less computation time than the existing term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) method, hence increasing the performance of the crawler.
Affective Support for Self-Regulation in Mobile-Assisted Language Learning
Authors: Viberg Olga , Kukulska-Hulme Agnes , Peeters Ward
Published: February 2023

Mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) research includes examination and development of second language learners' cognitive and metacognitive self-regulated learning skills, but the affective learning component of self-regulation in this context remains largely unexplored. Support for affective learning, which is defined by learners' beliefs, attitudes, and emotions, has been shown to influence learners' cognitive processes, performance, and engagement considerably, and is therefore critical to promote and foster throughout the learning process. This paper defines the importance of supporting affect in MALL, sets out a theoretical perspective on supporting affective self-regulation in MALL, and elaborates on what designers and teachers can do to facilitate affective development through the use of mobile technology, learning analytics, and artificial intelligence. It examines and further delineates the role of affective computing and the role of the teacher in fully harnessing the affective affordances of MALL.
DDPIS: Diabetes Disease Prediction by Improvising SVM
Authors: Sharma Shivani , Rai Bipin Kumar , Gupta Mahak , Dinkar Muskan
Published: February 2023

An illness that lasts longer and has continual repercussions is known as a chronic illness. Adults all across the world die as a result of chronic sickness. Diabetes disease prediction by improvising support vector machine is a platform that predicts diabetes based on the data entered into the system and offers reliable results based on that data. Earlier, the dataset consisted of a smaller number of features comprising the patients' medical details that were useful in determining the patient's health condition and was mainly focused on gestational diabetes, which only deals with pregnant women. In this work, the authors build a system that is more efficient than the previous system because of these reasons. It provides more accurate results by improvising the support vector machine, which includes more datasets and can predict the possibility of diabetes disease in both males and females.
A successful secondary upper lid reconstruction with glabella rotatory flap
Authors: Bandara P. , Fernando D.
Published: February 2023

No abstract available
Association of β2 microglobulin level and glomerular filtration rate in patients with acute leukemia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Murzakhmetova Aigerim O. , Kamkhen Vitaly B. , Ainabay Ayagul M. , Meiramova Assel M. , Kemaykin Vadim M. , Ainabekova Bayan A.
Published: February 2023

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a life-saving therapy in patients suffering from acute leukemia. However, kidney complications developed after performing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can affect the course and prognosis of the disease in patients with acute leukemia. This study is aimed at assessing the functional status of the kidneys in patients with acute leukemia who have undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The study has observed a group of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia who have undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. It has been discovered that β2 microglobulin is a sensitive method of analyzing renal function, with the β2 microglobulin threshold urine level not exceeding 0.3 mg/L. The complex diagnostics of kidney function in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients has given the opportunity to identify the relationship between increased β2 microglobulin levels and decreased glomerular filtration rate. It has been determined that β2 microglobulin is a biomarker of renal disorders. The obtained data have showed that β2 microglobulin can be used as a diagnostic marker of reduced kidney function.
Effect of dulaglutide injection on weight beyond glycemic control: real-world observational study
Authors: Mohammed Adel G. , Odhaib Samih A.
Published: February 2023

Dulaglutide is an effective Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonist (RA) in optimizing weight and glycemic control in obese patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The study's objective was the real-world evaluation of the metabolic effect of Dulaglutide on weight and glycemic control in patients with T2DM from Southern Iraq. This study is a six-month observational prospective longitudinal evaluation of 185 obese individuals with T2DM. They were initiated on Dulaglutide as an add-on drug with Oral Antidiabetic (OAD) or insulin therapy. General characteristics of the patients, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood glucose, lipid profile, and side effects profile were evaluated at the enrollment and the end of the study. The enrolled 185 obese patients with T2DM, had a T2DM duration (2 -14 years) and initial HbA1c range (6 - 19.5%), with different treatment modalities, including insulin, OADs, or both. The study showed a significant reduction in weight, HbA1c, and serum cholesterol, with minimal hypoglycemic events in 5% of patients (n=9). The gastrointestinal side effects were mild to moderate and self-limited in >96% of patients (n=178), while they were so severe in 4% (n=7) and caused discontinuation of Dulaglutide. Therefore, the insulin regimen was either stopped (n=28), changed (n=7), or reduced (n=9). No change on oral medications was performed in 141 patients. In conclusion, Dulaglutide 1.5 mg administered once a week significantly reduced the weight, HbA1c, Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG), and cholesterol levels with minimal hypoglycemic risk.
High-resolution mapping of glacial landscapes in the north-central portion of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in Nunavut and Northwest Territories
Authors: McMartin I , Campbell J E , Godbout P M , Behnia P , Tremblay T , Normandeau P X
Published: February 2023

A new glacial geomorphology map covers approximately 415 000 km2 in a core region of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in Nunavut. The compilation builds on recent and legacy maps and is supplemented by visual digitization of glaciogenic features using high-resolution
digital elevation (ArcticDEM) and Landsat 8 images. From this unprecedented, detailed inventory of over 156 000 features and more than 14 000 field observations, various glacial landsystems are identified, many of which are entirely new and others of which are significantly modified or updated.
These include ice streams, palimpsest ice flows, and areas where basal-ice thermal regimes fluctuated between cold-based and warm-based. The GIS data comprise glacial features mapped at original and generalized scales, standardized field data sets, and interpreted glacial landsystems. These
comprehensive georeferenced data sets can be used to reconstruct the glacial history in the interior portion of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in Nunavut and Northwest Territories and to identify distinct glacial-sediment transport patterns for applications to mineral exploration.
Seven Level Symmetric Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter for Solar Photovoltaic System
Authors: Dinakaran C , Padmavathi Dr. T.
Published: February 2023

Among different types of Non-Conventional Energy Sources, Solar Power has become highly prominent with exhausting suitable to innovation in Power Electronic Systems. The primary intention of the advised performance must limit the number of switches to enhance the output waveforms with a preferred harmonic profile. This topology moderates the estimate about switches, isolated DC origin, expenditure, and intensity of the circuit substantially as correlated to other topologies. The proposed method uses the MPPT approach to exploit the maximum energy from solar photovoltaic to load entirely. The Proposed method provides almost sinusoidal output waveforms by developing a few power switches. The SPV arrangement was simulated and constitution through SPV arrays, a DC-DC buck converter, and a sliding mode MPPT regulation. Based on the cascaded H-Bridge multilevel converters, The strong constraint enforced confined DC voltage sources considering separately Cascaded H-Bridge. This constitution converter worth along with diminishing the constancy based on the system. The system gives boosting voltages with improves the harmonic profile. Performance of the arrangement demonstrated in MATLAB SIMULINK as well as PROTEUS.
Examining the Tax Administration Law of Ethiopia in Light of the Tax Compliance Theories
Authors: Alem Tewachew Molla , Tewabe Yosef Workelule
Published: February 2023

The problem of tax non-compliance is a serious global phenomenon, especially in developing and least developed countries. In this regard, states design their tax administration laws and tax compliance rules in light of the two most dominant tax compliance theories: deterrence theory and behavioural theory of tax compliance. These theories are ideals or indexes of a good tax administration system. It is thus important to examine the base or policy of tax compliance rules of the tax administration laws of Ethiopia. This Article examines when and in what forms the tax administration law of Ethiopia is designed to embody the tax compliance theories. Doctrinal research method is used and the major findings show that –like many countries– the tax administration proclamation of Ethiopia is largely designed in consideration of the economic deterrence model to achieve taxpayers’ compliance which depends on audit and penalties when tax is evaded. However, this approach is criticized due to its administrative inefficiency and its inability to build equitable tax system. Aside from tax penalties, tax administration policies and practice in Ethiopia should give much attention to changing individual taxpayers’ attitudes toward the tax system. This requires improving its perceived fairness and equity, making government expenditure in the best interest of the taxpayers, improving procedural justice, tax education, establishing the culture of mutual respect between tax authorities and taxpayers, and making it easy to comply with the tax laws.
Effect of Pawpaw Seeds on Management of Alloxan-Induced-Diabetes in Rats
Authors: Oko A.O. , Nwuzor C.C. , Ekuma Emmanuel T.
Published: February 2023

Ethanol extract of pawpaw seed was evaluated for a possible application in the management of diabetes. Alloxan was used to induce diabetes in rats,  which were subsequently used to study the antihyperglycaemic effect of the extract. Four (4) treatment groups and two (2) control groups of 8 rats each  were created using complete randomized design. Triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL),  total protein (TP), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT/AST), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT/ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea and  creatinine were studied using standard methods. A single dose of alloxan resulted in a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the serum TG, TC, LDL, AST, ALT,  ALP, with a corresponding decrease in serum HDL, urea and creatinine. Following treatment with varying doses of the extract, there was a decrease in  serum TG, TC, LDL, AST, ALT, ALP, and an increase in serum HDL, urea and creatinine. It could be inferred from the research outcome that crude extract of  pawpaw seed (200 mg/kg extract) could be effective in the management of diabetes.