bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANÁLISE DA EFICIÊNCIA RELATIVA DOS GASTOS ESTADUAIS EM SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
Authors: Monte Meiry Mesquita , Leopoldino Cláudio Bezerra
Published: July 2020

A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a eficiência dos gastos em segurança efetivados pelos estados brasileiros e Distrito Federal no exercício 2017. Para tanto, foi utilizada a metodologia Análise Envoltória de Dados – DEA, orientada a resultados e com retornos variáveis de escala. Os resultados evidenciaram um nível baixo de eficiência, com valor médio de 65,6%, sendo apenas sete estados considerados eficientes. Além disso, restou demonstrada a associação negativa entre desempenho e aumento do investimento público. Das unidades eficientes, Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte e São Paulo tiveram retornos constantes de escala, significando que estão laborando sem desperdícios. Quanto aos benchmarcks, São Paulo foi indicado como referência para todas as 20 DMU’s ineficientes. Conclui-se, portanto, que os estados brasileiros possuem, em regra, um considerável potencial de melhoria de resultados, sendo relevante repensar a alocação dos recursos disponíveis, inclusive, por meio da observação de práticas adotadas pelos benchmarcks respectivos.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Gupta Sandeep Kumar , Coelho Arnaldo Fernandes Matos , Weersma Laodicéia Amorim
Published: July 2020

In the present economic scenario, the pursuit of knowledge and curiosity to expand our horizon of information is breaking down fast the boundaries of our world. The science is somewhat fragmented, conferring supremacy on certain regions of the global world for this purpose. It is therefore understood that international cooperation becomes a critical element to give relevance to research and increase the chances of publishing in general....
Relationship between myocardial enzyme levels, hepatic function and metabolic acidosis in children with rotavirus infection diarrhea
Authors: Zuo Na-ying , Zhang Yuan-da , Dong Qing-wei , Han Li-po
Published: July 2020

Objective: To investigate the relationship between myocardial enzymes, liver function and metabolic acidosis in children with rotavirus infection diarrhea.

Methods: The data of 70 children with infectious diarrhea treated in Baoding Children’s Hospital, China, from October 2017 to April 2018 were retrospectively studied. The antigen of rotavirus in feces was positive by colloidal gold method. According to the clinical features of biochemical indicators and mental status, the patients were divided into four groups, an acidosis-free group, a mild acidosis group, a moderate acidosis group and a severe acidosis group, in line with acidosis severity. In addition to detecting the hepatic functions of the pediatric patients in the four groups, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransfer (ALT) levels, and myocardial enzyme levels (e.g., creatine kinase, or CK, and creatine kinase isoenzyme, or CK-MB), the relationships of hepatic function, myocardial enzyme levels and acidosis severity of the patients with infectious diarrhea caused by rotavirus infection were also analyzed.

Results: There was no significant difference in sex and age among the four groups (P>0.05). However, there was a significant difference in the frequency of diarrhea and vomiting (p<0.05). In addition, there were significant differences in creatine kinase, CK-MB, AST and ALT levels in children with metabolic acidosis of different severities.

Conclusion: With the aggravation of metabolic acidosis, infectious diarrhea caused by rotavirus is characterized by the aggravation of hepatic function and myocardial cells.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2325

How to cite this:Zuo NY, Zhang YD, Dong QW, Han LP. Relationship between myocardial enzyme levels, hepatic function and metabolic acidosis in children with rotavirus infection diarrhea. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(6):1366-1370.    doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2325

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Etiology, clinical presentation, and outcome of children with fulminant hepatic failure: Experience from a tertiary center in Pakistan
Authors: Talat Sidra , Abid Khan Sabeen , Javed Nismat , Iqbal Malik Munir
Published: July 2020

Objectives: To determine etiologies, clinical presentations and outcomes of children with fulminant hepatic failure in the first liver transplant center of Pakistan.

Methods: It was a retrospective, observational study, conducted in Paediatric Gastroenterology Department of Shifa International Hospital. Patients between one month to 16 years were included who fulfilled the Pediatric Acute Liver Failure study group (PALFSG) definition of acute liver failure as biochemical evidence of liver injury with no known co-existing chronic liver disease, coagulopathy not corrected by vitamin K, an International Normalized Ratio (INR) greater than 1.5 if the patient has encephalopathy, or greater than 2.0 if the patient does not have encephalopathy. The data collected was recorded on a self-constructed proforma after IRB approval.

Results: There were 28 patients in the study which ncluded 17 males and 11 females with a mean age of 72.86±52.50 months. The most common etiologies were Hepatitis A (29%) in isolation or co-infection with Wilson Disease, typhoid fever. It was followed by seronegative hepatitis (29%). Majority (64%) had acute presentation (7 to 28 days), jaundice (82%) being the most common symptom. Severity of encephalopathy was significantly associated with outcome (p=0.02). There were 6 (21%) patients who succumbed to death.

Conclusions: The study highlights infective diseases as the predominant etiology causing fulminant liver failure in children. Our study highlights lower mortality in children

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2375

How to cite this:Talat S, Khan SA, Javed N, Malik MI. Etiology, clinical presentation, and outcome of children with fulminant hepatic failure: Experience from a tertiary center in Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(6):1252-1256.   doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2375

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Urdu translation and validation of premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT)
Authors: Bangash Muhibullah , Aziz Wajahat , Shoaib Mohammad , Ather M. Hammad
Published: July 2020

Objective: To validate an Urdu translation of premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT) by analyzing the association of this diagnostic tool with the clinical diagnosis of premature ejaculation (PE) and intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT).
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the urology section of the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, for six months duration, from July 2018 to December 2018. In our study 108 subjects, aged 20 to 50 years, who were in a stable sexual relationship (heterosexual) for a minimum duration of six months, were asked to fill the Urdu version of PEDT, 61 with PE and 47 without PE.
Results: The two groups matched for mean age, duration of relationship and education level. The duration of 1.2 (±0.5) minutes was the mean self-estimated IELT in the PE group and 3.7±0.9 minutes in patients without PE. There was a significant negative correlation of 0.6 (p-value <0.001) between the PEDT score and self-estimated IELT. The test-retest reliability for each item was found to be significant for each individual item (≥ 0.84, p-value <0.001) and 0.94 was the correlation coefﬁcients of the total score, showing an excellent test-retest reliability. 0.93 was the Cronbach’s alpha score (95% Confidence interval = 0.905 - 0.948) indicating a significant internal consistency in the Urdu version of PEDT.
Conclusions: The Urdu version of PEDT is a valid tool to define and quantify PE objectively, with adequate internal consistency. This version of PEDT has a good negative correlation with self-estimated IELT and excellent correlation with clinical PE.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2405
How to cite this:Bangash M, Aziz W, Shoaib M, Ather MH. Urdu translation and validation of premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT). Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(6):1241-1245. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2405
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Trauma Evaluation and Management TEAM® course for medical students in Pakistan
Authors: Soomro Rufina , Ali Sobia
Published: July 2020

Objectives: To assess the immediate effect of TEAM® on trauma related knowledge of undergraduate medical students and to highlight the stakeholders’ acceptability of TEAM® for trauma training of undergraduate medical students

Methods: Effectiveness of TEAM® course in terms of knowledge gain was assessed using 20-item-MCQs at three different timings to three cohorts of medical students from year 2017 (Group A), 2018 (Group B) and 2019 (Group C). Group A attempted the test after traditional teaching in wards, Group B attempted it after reading books and videos of TEAM®, along with traditional trauma teaching. Finally Group C attempted the test after TEAM® course along with videos and books. Students and faculty also filled evaluation questionnaire for their acceptability assessment. Kruskal-Wallis Test was applied for comparison between scores of the three groups. The evaluation questionnaire of students as well as for faculty was evaluated by determining frequencies and percentages.

Results: A statistically significant difference is found after comparing the scores of the three groups (p< 0.00). More than 85% of the students were of a view that this course would help in their future practice and application. Similarly, 80% of the faculty would prefer to be involved in TEAM® teaching in future.

Conclusion: There is an improvement in trauma cognitive knowledge, after the TEAM® program. Students and faculty strongly supported its introduction in the undergraduate curriculum and hence acceptable to both.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2588

How to cite this:Soomro R, Ali S. Trauma Evaluation and Management TEAM® course for medical students in Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(6):1257-1262. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2588

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Είναι το νερό της βρύσης καλύτερο από το εμφιαλωμένο σε πλαστικά μπουκάλια;
Authors: Κότσιανου Ίλυα , Κύρκου – Μπρακατσούλα Ευδοξία , Καλυβιώτη Ελπίδα , Ζέλιου Μαρία Ναταλία , Γιαλλούση Μαρία
Published: July 2020

Αντικείμενο της έρευνάς μας την οποία πραγματοποιήσαμε στο πλαίσιο του μαθήματος της χημείας στη Β΄ τάξη γυμνασίου, αποτέλεσε η ποιότητα του νερού που πίνουμε. Το κεντρικό ερευνητικό μας ερώτημα ήταν: "Είναι το νερό της βρύσης καλύτερο από το εμφιαλωμένο σε πλαστικά μπουκάλια;". Αναζητήσαμε πληροφορίες μέσω του διαδικτύου πρώτο για τη χημική σύσταση, το pH και τη σκληρότητα του νερού, και δεύτερο για τη χημική σύσταση της πλαστικής συσκευασίας. Διερευνήσαμε αν και με ποιο τρόπο το πλαστικό επιβαρύνει το νερό, την υγεία μας αλλά και το περιβάλλον. Με βάση τη γνώση που αποκομίσαμε διεξήγαμε μία ενδεικτική κοινωνική έρευνα με τα μέσα κοινωνικής δικτύωσης για να καταγράψουμε τις απόψεις των γύρω μας για αυτό το ζήτημα. Οι συμμετέχοντες στην έρευνα φάνηκε, μεταξύ άλλων, να προτιμούν το νερό της βρύσης και να αποφεύγουν το εμφιαλωμένο εξαιτίας του πλαστικού αλλά δεν γνωρίζουν τον τρόπο που αυτό επιβαρύνει το περιβάλλον και την υγεία μας.
Μελέτη των φυσικών, χημικών και βιολογικών ιδιοτήτων διαφόρων τύπων εδαφών με στόχο την μεγιστοποίηση της γεωργικής τους απόδοσης
Authors: Παναγάκη Χιονία , Παπαδημητρίου Άρτεμις-Μελίνα , Παπαθεοδώρου Κατερίνα , Σουσάνη Αθανασία , Σταματιάδη Σοφία , Στεφανάκη Μαρία-Σπυριδούλα , Αγγελίδου Δρ. Χρυσή , Διακόνου Δρ. Μαρία
Published: July 2020

Το έδαφος είναι ένα ανοιχτό σύστημα που αλληλεπιδρά με το περιβάλλον και στο οποίο λαμβάνουν χώρα συνεχώς πολύπλοκες διαδικασίες. Οι φυσικές, χημικές αλλά και βιολογικές ιδιότητές του επηρεάζουν άμεσα την εξέλιξη αυτών των διαδικασιών και τα διαφοροποιούν ώστε να μην είναι όλα καλλιεργήσιμα. Επιπλέον από την εμπειρία μας γνωρίζουμε ότι τα φυτά δεν αναπτύσσονται το ίδιο σε όλα τα καλλιεργήσιμα εδάφη. Για το λόγο αυτό στο εμπόριο βρίσκουμε συνήθως πολλούς τύπους χώματος.Η μελέτη των ιδιοτήτων επτά διαφορετικών τύπων χώματος αποτελεί τα αντικείμενο της εργασίας μας. Εξετάσαμε αν υπάρχουν ουσιαστικές διαφορές στα επιμέρους φυσικοχημικά χαρακτηριστικά τους και κατά πόσο αυτές επηρεάζουν τις ιδιαίτερες ανάγκες των φυτών.
Γονιδιακές μεταλλάξεις και εξέλιξη
Authors: Αυγενάκη Ελένη , Ντρουμπογιάννη Αλεξάνδρα
Published: July 2020

Στην παρούσα εργασία εξετάζονται δύο επιμέρους ερευνητικά ερωτήματα που αφορούν αφενός στους παράγοντες και μηχανισμούς γένεσης μεταλλάξεων στον άνθρωπο, και αφετέρου στη συνεισφορά των μεταλλάξεων στην αύξηση της γενετικής ποικιλομορφίας στο ανθρώπινο είδος. Τα δεδομένα που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν προέκυψαν με βιβλιογραφική επισκόπηση σχετικών ερευνών εξασφαλίζοντας σημαντικά στοιχεία τα οποία βοηθούν στην απάντηση των δύο προηγούμενων ερευνητικών ερωτημάτων, όσο και στην τεκμηρίωση της συζήτησης σχετικά με τον αποχαρακτηρισμό ή όχι των μεταλλάξεων ως αναγκαστικά επιβλαβών για την ανθρώπινη υγεία.
Μελέτη διαφόρων χαρακτηριστικών του προσώπου και σύγκριση ανάμεσα στα δύο φύλα
Authors: Βιλτανιώτη Βασιλική , Γερανοπούλου Μαργαρίτα , Γεωργοπούλου Πηνελόπη , Γιαννακούρος Αλέξης , Πατέλης Νικόλας , Σιδέρη Νεφέλη , Χαρούλα Μαρίνου
Published: July 2020

Στόχος της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η εφαρμογή στατιστικών μεθόδων για την ανάλυση και την εξαγωγή συμπερασμάτων σχετικά με την παρουσία φυλετικού διμορφισμού σε μετρικά χαρακτηριστικά του προσώπου σε μαθητές Λυκείου της Ελληνογερμανικής Αγωγής. Στους υπό μελέτη μαθητές θα μετρηθούν αποστάσεις του προσώπου με τη χρήση ανθρωπομετρικών εργαλείων καθώς και θα ψηφιοποιηθούν αναφορικά σημεία μέσω φωτογραφικής απεικόνισης, τα οποία θα εκφράζουν το σχήμα του προσώπου. Εν συνεχεία, με τη χρήση περιγραφικής στατιστικής ανάλυσης θα πραγματοποιηθεί σύγκριση στο μέγεθος και στο σχήμα του προσώπου μεταξύ των δύο φύλων. Τα αποτελέσματα θα συζητηθούν στο πλαίσιο της υφιστάμενης διεθνούς βιβλιογραφίας.
Φωτίζοντας τον… Ιμπρεσσιονισμό
Authors: Μόσχος Αχιλλέας , Ντούσκου Μυρτώ , Παξινού Φοίβη , Παπαϊωαννίδου Μελίνα , Παπούλη Ηλιανή , Βαδραχάνης Βασίλης , Κουρτίδου Μαρίνα , Μιχαλοπούλου Σωτηρία
Published: July 2020

Στην ερευνητική μας εργασία θα εξετάσουμε την επίδραση του φωτός στην ιμπρεσσιονιστική ζωγραφική. Αλλάζει η επίδραση του φωτός την αίσθηση των χρωματικών τόνων; Αν ναι, με ποιoν τρόπο και γιατί; Πώς επιτυγχάνουν οι ιμπρεσιονιστές ζωγράφοι την αποτύπωση της εντύπωσης; Η απάντηση σε αυτά τα ερωτήματα θα δοθεί αρχικά, μέσω της παρατήρησης ζωγραφικών έργων του ιμπρεσιονισμού, έπειτα με ανάλυση του περιεχομένου των έργων τέχνης αυτού του κινήματος και τέλος πειραματικά με έκθεση των προς μελέτη αντικειμένων σε διαφορετικού είδους φωτεινές πηγές. Αναμένουμε, μετά την έρευνά μας, να αποδείξουμε πως το φως είναι καθοριστικός παράγοντας τόσο για την απεικόνιση της εντύπωσης, όσο και για τον τρόπο με τον οποίο αντιλαμβάνεται το έργο ο παρατηρητής.
Supporting adherence to the UK's Eatwell Guide in the general public
Authors: Patience Sara
Published: July 2020

Sara Patience looks at how improvements to the nation's diet could reduce the impact of chronic illness
Calf lengthening may improve knee recurvatum in specific children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy
Authors: Bauer Jeremy , Do K. Patrick , Feng Jing , Aiona Michael
Published: July 2020

Purpose

Knee hyperextension in stance is a difficult condition to treat in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (CP). In children with passive knee hyperextension, the presence of contracture or spasticity of the calf leads to knee hyperextension in stance phase. We hypothesize surgical treatment of the contracture of the calf will lead to less knee hyperextension.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of children who were evaluated in our movement laboratory over 23 years with a diagnosis of CP Gross Motor Function Classification System I, II or III. We selected children who had passive knee hyperextension on exam and who underwent calf lengthening surgery. Children were divided into two groups: early recurvatum (ER) (n = 20) and late recurvatum (LR) (n = 14).

Results

There was no difference in the preoperative passive knee extension among the groups or the surgeries performed. For children who had passive knee hyperextension, calf lengthening improved static dorsiflexion with knee flexion on clinical exam by 9.3° in the ER group, 9.6° in the LR group as well as dorsiflexion with knee extension on clinical exam by 9.5° in the ER group and 6.4° in the LR group. The kinematic data showed that the ER group improved their knee hyperextension by 11° (p < 0.001), whereas the LR group did not significantly change their stance phase knee position.

Conclusion

Children with passive knee hyperextension who have a calf contracture and walk in knee hyperextension in the first half of stance phase may improve after calf lengthening. Level of Evidence: III
Pathological and microbiological impact of a gentamicin-loaded biocomposite following limited or extensive debridement in a porcine model of osteomyelitis
Authors: Blirup-Plum Sophie A. , Bjarnsholt Thomas , Jensen Henrik E. , Kragh Kasper N. , Aalbæk Bent , Gottlieb Hans , Bue Mats , Jensen Louise K.
Published: July 2020

Aims

CERAMENT|G is an absorbable gentamicin-loaded biocomposite used as an on-site vehicle of antimicrobials for the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the sole effect of CERAMENT|G, i.e. without additional systemic antimicrobial therapy, in relation to a limited or extensive debridement of osteomyelitis lesions in a porcine model.

Methods

Osteomyelitis was induced in nine pigs by inoculation of 104 colony-forming units (CFUs) of Staphylococcus aureus into a drill hole in the right tibia. After one week, the pigs were allocated into three groups. Group A (n = 3) received no treatment during the study period (19 days). Groups B (n = 3) and C (n = 3) received limited or extensive debridement seven days postinoculation, respectively, followed by injection of CERAMENT|G into the bone voids. The pigs were euthanized ten (Group C) and 12 (Group B) days after the intervention.

Results

All animals presented confirmatory signs of bone infection post-mortem. The estimated amount of inflammation was substantially greater in Groups A and B compared to Group C. In both Groups B and C, peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA FISH) of CERAMENT|G and surrounding bone tissue revealed bacteria embedded in an opaque matrix, i.e. within biofilm. In addition, in Group C, the maximal measured post-mortem gentamicin concentrations in CERAMENT|G and surrounding bone tissue samples were 16.6 μg/ml and 6.2 μg/ml, respectively.

Conclusion

The present study demonstrates that CERAMENT|G cannot be used as a standalone alternative to extensive debridement or be used without the addition of systemic antimicrobials. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(7):394–401.
Laboratory Clustering using K-Means, K-Medoids, and Model-Based Clustering
Authors: Qona'ah Niswatul , Devi Alvita Rachma , Dana I Made Gde Meranggi
Published: July 2020

Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) is an institute which has about 100 laboratories to support some academic activity like teaching, research and society service. This study is clustering the laboratory in ITS based on the productivity of laboratory in carrying out its function. The methods used to group laboratory are K-Means, K-Medoids, and Model-Based Clustering. K-Means and K-Medoids are non-hierarchy clustering method that the number of cluster can be given at first. The difference of them is datapoints that selected by K-Medoids as centers (medoids or exemplars) and mean for K-Means. Whereas, Model-Based Clustering is a clustering method that takes into account statistical models. This statistical method is quite developed and considered to have advantages over other classical method. Comparison of each cluster method using Integrated Convergent Divergent Random (ICDR). The best method based on ICDR is Model-Based Clustering.

Keywords : K-Means, K-Medoids, Laboratory, Model-Based Clustering
Identification and antioxidant activity of Ammi visnaga L. polyphenols from the Middle Atlas in Morocco
Authors: El Karkouri Jamila , Drioiche Aziz , Soro Aminata , Ailli Atika , Benhlima Nadia , Bouzoubaa Amal , El Makhoukhi Fadoua , Oulhaj Hamid , Elombo Ferdinand Kouoh , Zair Touriya
Published: July 2020

In this work, we are interested in both the study of the phenolic compounds and the evaluation of the antioxidant properties of the extracts of Ammi visnaga L. collected from the Middle Atlas in Morocco. Phytochemical screening was carried out to highlight the qualitative composition of the secondary metabolites contained in this plant. Also, the extraction of total polyphenols was carried out by maceration using hydromethanolic and hydroacetonic mixtures. Then, the fractionation of the crude extracts was conducted by liquid-liquid extraction using successively two organic solvents with different polarities: ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The polyphenols contents were spectrophotometrically estimated using the Folin-Ciocalteau method. It showed that the ethyl acetate fraction is more abundant in phenolic compounds than the other fractions. The qualitative analysis was performed by high-pressure liquid chromatography with U.V. and electrospray ionization coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC/UV-ESI-MS), which confirmed the richness of this species in polyphenols and particularly in flavonoids, especially by the identification of kaempferol, rhamnetin, biochanin A, ammiol. These molecules belong to flavones, flavonols, and furochromones, which are also identified both in the form of genin and of heteroside. The antioxidant activity of the different fractions was evaluated by diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH●). The IC50 is equal to 12.87 μg / mL for the ethyl acetate fraction, against 8.8 μg / mL for ascorbic acid and 10.8 μg / mL for BHA which are used as reference compounds.
Different paths for institutional theory: foundational dichotomies and theoretical framing
Authors: Aligica Paul D. , Wagner Richard E.
Published: July 2020

It is common for scholars to describe institutions as ‘rules of the game’. This description entails a separation between a society and its rules. Social change thus results as societies amend their framing rules. This article compares the common treatment of institutions as rules against an alternative treatment wherein societies and institutions are images of one another. If there were no rules governing interactions among some set of people, you would have a mass of people but that mass would not constitute what we recognise as society. This simple distinction between institutions as rules by which a society is governed and institutions as society itself creates divergent paths for institutional theory, which this article explores.
Arrangement of the photoreceptor mosaic in a diabetic rat model imaged with multiphoton microscopy
Authors: Bueno Juan M. , Cruz-Castillo Ricardo , Avilés-Trigueros Marcelino , Bautista-Elivar Nazario
Published: July 2020

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is defined as a microvascular pathology. However, some data have suggested that the retinal photoreceptors (PRs) might be important in the pathogenesis of this ocular disease. In this study the organization of the PRs in control and diabetic-induced rats was compared using multiphoton microscopy. The PR mosaic was imaged at different locations in non-stained retinas. The density of PRs was directly quantified from cell counting. The spatially resolved density presents a double-slope pattern (from the central retina towards the periphery) in both healthy and pathological samples, although the values for the latter were significantly lower all across the retina. Moreover, Voronoi analysis was performed to explore changes in PR topography. In control specimens a hexagonally packed structure was dominant. However, despite the non-controlled effects of the disease in retinal structures, this PR regularity was fairly maintained in diabetic retinas.
Hacking single-photon avalanche detectors in quantum key distribution via pulse illumination
Authors: Wu Zhihao , Huang Anqi , Chen Huan , Sun Shi-Hai , Ding Jiangfang , Qiang Xiaogang , Fu Xiang , Xu Ping , Wu Junjie
Published: July 2020

Quantum key distribution (QKD) has been proved to be information-theoretically secure in theory. Unfortunately, the imperfect devices in practice compromise its security. Thus, to improve the security property of practical QKD systems, a commonly used method is to patch the loopholes in the existing QKD systems. However, in this work, we show an adversary’s capability of exploiting the imperfection of the patch itself to bypass the patch. Specifically, we experimentally demonstrate that, in the detector under test, the patch of photocurrent monitor against the detector blinding attack can be defeated by the pulse illumination attack proposed in this paper. We also analyze the secret key rate under the pulse illumination attack, which theoretically confirmed that Eve can conduct the attack to learn the secret key. This work indicates the importance of inspecting the security loopholes in a detection unit to further understand their impacts on a QKD system. The method of pulse illumination attack can be a general testing item in the security evaluation standard of QKD.
Simultaneous super-linear excitation-emission and emission depletion allows imaging of upconversion nanoparticles with higher sub-diffraction resolution
Authors: Plöschner Martin , Denkova Denitza , De Camillis Simone , Das Minakshi , Parker Lindsay M. , Zheng Xianlin , Lu Yiqing , Ojosnegros Samuel , Piper James A.
Published: July 2020

Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are becoming increasingly popular as biological markers as they offer photo-stable imaging in the near-infrared (NIR) biological transparency window. Imaging at NIR wavelengths benefits from low auto-fluorescence background and minimal photo-damage. However, as the diffraction limit increases with the wavelength, the imaging resolution deteriorates. To address this limitation, recently two independent approaches have been proposed for imaging UCNPs with sub-diffraction resolution, namely stimulated emission-depletion (STED) microscopy and super linear excitation-emission (uSEE) microscopy. Both methods are very sensitive to the UCNP composition and the imaging conditions, i.e. to the excitation and depletion power. Here, we demonstrate that the imaging conditions can be chosen in a way that activates both super-resolution regimes simultaneously when imaging NaYF4:Yb,Tm UCNPs. The combined uSEE-STED mode benefits from the advantages of both techniques, allowing for imaging with lateral resolution about six times better than the diffraction limit due to STED and simultaneous improvement of the axial resolution about twice over the diffraction limit due to uSEE. Conveniently, at certain imaging conditions, the uSEE-STED modality can achieve better resolution at four times lower laser power compared to STED mode, making the method appealing for biological applications. We illustrate this by imaging UCNPs functionalized by colominic acid in fixed neuronal phenotype cells.
Interpretation of the bacterial growth process based on the analysis of the speckle field generated by calibrated scattering media
Authors: Loutfi Hadi , Pellen Fabrice , Jeune Bernard Le , Lteif Roger , Kallassy Mireille , Brun Guy Le , Abboud Marie
Published: July 2020

The speckle imaging technique has been proven to be a reliable and effective method for real-time monitoring of the growth kinetics of any bacterium in suspension. To understand the interaction between the light and the bacterial density, a simulation of the bacterial growth of Bacillus thuringiensis was performed using calibrated microspheres of different concentrations and sizes. Results show that the decrease of speckle grain size with the increase of the medium scattering coefficient reveals the two essential phases of the bacterial growth: the exponential phase where the number of the bacteria increases and the stationary phase where sporulation and cell lysis occur.
Speckle reduced holographic displays using tomographic synthesis
Authors: Lee Seungjae , Kim Dongyeon , Nam Seung-Woo , Lee Byoungho
Published: July 2020

Despite significant merit of depth representation, holographic displays
have a considerable limitation: speckle. Here, we present speckle
reduced holographic displays using an engineered light source with
angle diversity for speckle reduction. The level of angle diversity is
optimized with consideration of resolution, speckle contrast, and
depth of field. To extend the depth of field sacrificed for speckle
reduction, we apply tomographic synthesis, exploiting synchronization
of a local illumination module and a tunable-focus lens. We implement
a benchtop prototype to verify the proposed method, which reduces the
speckle contrast averagely by 37.8% while preserving resolution and
4.0 diopter depth of field.
Laser intensity-dependent nonlinear-optical effects in organic whispering gallery mode cavity microstructures
Authors: Popov Mikhail , Mamonov Evgeniy , Mitetelo Nikolai , Zhdanova Karina , Ravi Jada , Chandrasekar Rajadurai , Murizina Tatiana
Published: July 2020

Nonlinear microresonators are very desired for a wide variety of applications. Up-conversion processes responsible for the transformation of IR laser radiation into visible are intensity-dependent and thus rather sensitive to all involved effects, which can mask each other. In this work we study the phenomena that are the most important for possible lasing in 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-4 H-pyran dye spherical microresonators: the two-photon absorption and photobleaching. Based on the suggested model of the threshold-like dependence of the two-photon luminescence (TPL) on pump power, we demonstrate the role of intensity-dependent photobleaching in the appearance of the TPL and find a good agreement with the experiment. This finding is important for the analysis of lasing in nonlinear dye-based resonators.
Design of bi-tunable triple-band metamaterial absorber based on Dirac semimetal and vanadium dioxide
Authors: Li Zhaoxin , Wang Tongling , Qu Lingfei , Zhang Huiyun , Li Dehua , Zhang Yuping
Published: July 2020

A bi-tunable triple-band metamaterial absorber based on Dirac semimetal films (DSFs) and vanadium dioxide (VO2) is presented. When VO2 is in the fully metallic state, the proposed absorber presents three distinctive absorption peaks in the terahertz range with absorptance 97%. Because the conductivity of VO2 changes from 100000 to 10 S/m, the reflectance and absorptance intensities achieve dynamic tunability at the three absorption peaks, and the proposed triple-band absorber exhibits a switchable function by the insulation-to-metal transition of VO2. Moreover, the frequencies of the three absorption peaks can also be tuned by varying the Fermi energies of the DSFs.
The effects of local history inquiry on community pride and civic engagement
Authors: Pearson Andrew , Plevyak Linda
Published: July 2020

The goal of this research study was to determine the effect of teaching local history on students’ pride in their communities and commitment to civic engagement. To conduct the study, nine high school students in the ninth through eleventh grade participated in an after-school local history inquiry programme, consisting of traditional history instruction and independent research into the history of students’ neighbourhoods. Students were surveyed at the beginning and end of the study, and focus groups were interviewed at the study’s conclusion. The study determined that learning more about local history made students prouder of their communities and more interested in improving them, although students remained sceptical of their ability to do so.
Ethics in Screenwriting: New Perspectives, Steven Maras (2016)
Authors: Nash Yousif
Published: July 2020

Review of: Ethics in Screenwriting: New Perspectives, Steven Maras (2016)

London: Palgrave Macmillian, 263 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-34971-359-2, p/bk, USD 29.99
IMAGING TREE ROOT ZONE GEOMETRY USING ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Mulyono Asep , Arisbaya Ilham , Sudrajat Yayat
Published: July 2020

Root zone geometry research is usually done in a conventional way which is destructive, time-consuming, and requires a considerable cost. Several non-destructive measurements used geophysical methods have been developed, one of which is the Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) method. Tree root zone determination using ERT has been carried out in Kiara Payung area, Sumedang, West Java, with Maesopsis eminii tree as the object study. A total of 29 ERT lines were measured using dipoledipole configuration with electrodes spacing of 50 cm. The results of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) inversion modeling show that the ERT method has been successfully imaging the tree root zone. The root zone is characterized as 100-700 Ωm with an elliptical shape geometry of the root plate. The root radius is estimated to be 4-5 m from the stem, the root zone diameter reaches 8-9 m at the shallow soil surface and the root zone depth is approximately 2-2.5 m. ABSTRAK Pencitraan geometri zona perakaran pohon menggunakan electrical resistivity tomography. Penelitian geometri zona perakaran biasa dilakukan dengan cara konvensional yang destruktif, memakan waktu, dan membutuhkan biaya yang tidak sedikit. Beberapa pengukuran non-destruktif menggunakan metode geofisika telah dikembangkan, salah satunya adalah metode Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT). Penentuan zona perakaran pohon menggunakan metode ERT telah dilakukan di daerah Kiara Payung, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, dengan pohon Maesopsis eminii sebagai objek studi. Sebanyak 29 lintasan ERT diukur menggunakan konfigurasi dipole-dipole pada dengan jarak antar elektroda 50 cm. Hasil pemodelan inversi dua dimensi (2D) dan tiga dimensi (3D) menunjukkan bahwa metode ERT telah berhasil mencitrakan zona perakaran pohon. Zona perakaran teridentifikasi berada pada nilai resistivitas 100-700 Ωm dengan root plate dan root cross-sections berbentuk elips. Radius akar diperkirakan sejauh 4-5 m dari pangkal batang, sedangkan diameter zona perakaran mencapai sekitar 8-9 m di permukaan tanah dangkal dan kedalaman zona perakaran diperkirakan antara ~2-2.5 m.
Contexts of School and Pastoralist Family Communication in Rural Mongolia
Authors: Sukhbaatar Batdulam
Published: July 2020

A jelen vizsgálat során az általános iskola és a pásztorcsaládok közötti kommunikáció kontextusainak ökológiai modellje kidolgozására került sor Mongólia vidéki területein, Bronfenbrenner ökológiai modellje alapján. Az ökológiai modell kidolgozása érdekében három részvizsgálatra került sor; 10 tanár és 10 pásztorszülő vett részt a félig strukturált interjúkat használó lekérdezésben. Az empirikus vizsgálatok eredményei alapján néhány fontos oktatáspolitikai kérdést mélyebben és tágabban is értelmeztem a vidéki iskola és a pásztorcsaládok közötti kommunikáció kontextusában, az eredmények magyarázata és interpretálása érdekében. Az iskola és a pásztorcsaládok kommunikációja kontextusának ökológiai modellje felhasználható a mongol tanárképzésben, nagyobb betekintést nyújtva az iskola és a pásztorcsaládok kommunikációjának kontextusába a leendő és már gyakorló tanárok, a tanárképzők és a politikai döntéshozók számára. Fontos ajánlás ezért, egy részletes ökológiai alapú modell kidolgozása a tanárképzés számára a szülőkkel és gondviselőkkel való hatékony kommunikáció elősegítése érdekében, mely beilleszthető a különböző tanári szerepekbe a teljes munkavégzés során.
OBJECTIVE STRUCTURED PRACTICAL EXAMINATION IN HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY PRACTICALS IN PHARM D CURRICULUM- A PILOT STUDY
Authors: natania arin , Umamaheshwari M. , Sivashanmugam A.T. , Jagannath P. , Ravi T.K.
Published: July 2020

Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) can be used to assess practical competencies in an appropriate, stepwise, methodical, objective and time-oriented manner with direct observation of the students performance. The present study was undertaken in the Human Anatomy and Physiology practicals with the First year Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm D) students at a private Pharmacy college. A set of 15 students were assessed using OSPE at 15 stations for a duration of 3 hours. The merits of OSPE include integration of knowledge, practical as well as communication skills with majority of the topics covered, transparent evaluation that covers most of the topics and was found to be student friendly. The demerits are, it requires planning, more number of examiners, time consuming and observers fatigue.Students indicated that the assessment using OSPE covered most of the topics and skill sets. Feedback from the students indicated that OSPE provided improvement and transparency in assessment and 90% of the student was in favour of OSPE. They felt the fear of facing the examiner relieved their anxiety.The students felt that the OSPE is an objective, unbiased and consistent mode of evaluation, deserving a place in Pharm D curriculum.
Gênero e violência
Authors: Vannuchi Maria Lúcia , Tomazini Mariana Vannuchi
Published: July 2020

Este texto resulta de uma pesquisa qualitativa com suporte na análise de depoimentos de mulheres brasileiras, na faixa etária de 15 a 29 anos, atletas de alto rendimento, nas modalidades de atletismo e natação, acerca de violências por elas vivenciadas em suas carreiras, nas relações com os seus técnicos.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Gênero. Violência. Mulheres Atletas.
Mulher-cuidadora
Authors: Marinho Rossana Maria , Melo Camila Cavalcante de Menezes Amorim , Silva Marcos Henrique Souza da
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo expõe uma análise do instituto da curatela sob a ótica das teorias de gênero, tendo como objetivo principal verificar o quanto os valores culturais incidem nos papéis socialmente estipulados à mulher, no que diz respeito ao cuidado com os entes da família e, desse modo, observar as implicações no âmbito das relações jurídicas.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Curatela. Relações de Gênero. Práticas Generificadas.
MULHERES
Authors: Silva Nádia Thomaz da , Casagranda Yasmin Gomes
Published: July 2020

São diversos os fatores que dificultam ou contribuem para a recolocação da mulher no mercado de trabalho, porém percebe-se que as mulheres podem não compreender que o seu profissionalismo não termina com o afastamento de 4 a 6 meses de licença, que podem avançar.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Desafios. Profissionalismo. Mãe.
Narrativas de mujeres quebram Coco Babaçu em el sudeste de Pará
Authors: Guevara Maria de los Angeles Arias , Tamanini Marlenis
Published: July 2020

Este artículo analiza narrativas que revelan y resignifican la experiencia de mujeres que quebran Coco Babaçu en sudeste de Pará, mostrando que su agencia como sujetos políticos es construida en un contexto de conflictos socioambientales y en defensa de su territorio simbólico

PALABRAS CLAVES: Narrativas. Experiencia. Agencia. Conflictos Sócio- ambientales. Territorio Simbólico.
Usos y abusos del Cordobazo
Authors: Tcach César Eduardo
Published: July 2020

Este artículo analiza los usos del Cordobazo desde una mirada que centra su interés en las percepciones presentes en las distintas culturas y tradiciones políticas argentinas. En función de este imperativo, se estudia el papel de este acontecimiento en las sub-culturas políticas radical, peronista, de izquierda y de derecha. Se trata de indagar en torno a sus lógicas e hilos conductores, con el objeto de avanzar en la dilucidación de los mecanismos de legitimación que cada uno de los actores realizó a partir del uso político del pasado reciente.
DIALEKTIKA HUKUM ISLAM DAN HUKUM ADAT PADA PERKAWINAN LELARIAN DI LAMPUNG TIMUR
Authors: Juliansyahzen Muhammad Iqbal
Published: July 2020

This article discusses about Islamic law and Adat encounter in lelarian marriage practiced in East Lampung. Based on empirical research, it has been discovered that Islam becomes the core value of Eastern Lampung culture. Islam, however, does not not erase all of the customs that has lived long in society. The results of this study show that lelarian marriage shows the interaction between Islamic law and custom are harmonious and complementary implemented among the member of society in East Lampung.Studi tentang relasi hukum Islam dan hukum adat dalam perkawinan adat lelarian di Lampung Timur Adat istiadat yang hidup di suatu masyarakat lahir melalui proses dialog panjang antara adat dan agama. Hal ini pulalah yang terjadi di Lampung Timur. Sebelum Islam, agama Hindu merupakan agama yang mendominasi hampir di seluruh aspek kehidupan masyarakat. Hadirnya Islam menjadikan aturan yang berasal darinya sebagai aturan yang diakui keberlakuannya dalam masyarakat selain hukum adat. Meskipun demikian, Islam tidak menghapus tradisi yang telah hidup lama di tengah masyarakat secara keseluruhan. Disinilah, terjadi interaksi antara Islam dan adat khususnya dalam perkawinan adat lelarian.
World Trade Organization and the Renewable Energy Sources Cases: How to Achieve the SDG7?
Authors: AKSHALOVA R. D. , SOLNTSEV A. M. , ABDRAIYM B. Zh. , TLEPINA Sh. V. , ISKAKOVA Zh. T.
Published: July 2020

This article discusses in detail disputes resolved by the WTO Dispute Settlement Body (hereinafter referred to as the WTO DSB) in the field of state subsidies to support the use of renewable energy sources (hereinafter referred to as the RES). Since 2010, eight cases have been filed with the WTO DSB in relation to RES subsidy programs. The author analyzes the case and shows the impact of increasing the number of such trade disputes on further development of renewable energy in the whole world, and in separate states. The author pays special attention to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 7, which were approved by the UN for 2016-2030, in the context of the spread of RES in the context of the conditions of WTO DSB case practice.
Application of Administrative and Financial and Legal Responsibility for Budget Offenses under the Laws of Ukraine and Other Countries of Eastern Europe
Authors: NAZAR Yuriy S. , NAZAR Tetiana Ya. , PROTS Ivanna M. , YOSYFOVYCH Danylo I. , ILYUSHYK Olena M.
Published: July 2020

The relevance of this paper is determined by both the need for appropriate scientific support to counter violations of budget legislation that have recently become quite common in Eastern Europe, and the advisability of using positive enforcement experience in Ukraine, Poland and Slovakia in this process. The purpose of the paper is to study the application of measures of administrative and financial responsibility for budget offenses under the laws of Ukraine, Poland and Slovakia in order to identify common and distinctive features of the legal regulation of this application and provide recommendations on the implementation of positive experience in the national legislation of each country. The methodological basis of the study is a set of general scientific and special scientific methods and techniques of scientific knowledge that provide an integrated approach to the analysis of financial, legal and administrative aspects of responsibility for budget offenses under the laws of Ukraine, Poland and Slovakia. It seems advisable to borrow for Ukraine and Slovakia the experience of legal regulation of budget-delictual relations in Poland by adopting a single legislative act that would regulate the grounds and procedure for applying measures of financial and legal responsibility in the budget sphere, and for Poland and Slovakia the experience of Ukraine in differentiation would be interesting responsibility of officials who committed violations of budget legislation (administrative responsibility) and legal entities (administrators or recipients of budget funds) on whose behalf the officials acted (financial and legal liability). The materials in this article may be useful for scientists conducting research on budget-delictual relations, scientific and pedagogical workers during the teaching of the disciplines of ‘Financial Law’, ‘Budget Law’, as well as for representatives of law-making entities in the process of improving budget and administrative legislation.
Project-Oriented Approach of Personnel Management in Higher Educational Institutions of Kazakhstan
Authors: POLENOV Denis , SATAEV Sanat , JOLDASBAYEV Orynbassar
Published: July 2020

Improving the quality of education in Kazakhstan causes a number of factors, and first of all, it is the reform of the existing system of personnel management of higher education, where the main element is the development of the university staff. Improving the competitiveness of Kazakhstan's universities at the international level takes place primarily due to the project-oriented approach to the creation of innovative universities. The purpose of the work is to investigate the importance and necessity of the project-oriented approach as a set of knowledge, techniques, and skills of the university staff in the course of the management actions and decisions that determine the development and effectiveness of the educational institution. The authors revealed the lack of consistency, fragmentation, and fragility in the research of the issue of the project-oriented approach in the management of the university personnel. The methods of theoretical research and system analysis determined that the project-oriented approach to the personnel management in higher education institution from the perspective of personal activity approach to the work of teachers is optimal, effective and even necessary to obtain the quality result of the university. The paper clearly presents the organization of the management of the university staff, where a starting point is a project-oriented approach to the process of training students, staff development, reveals the algorithms and features of embedding technology project-oriented approach in the educational process, and reveals its content. The paper also discusses the motivation of the teacher, the reasons preventing to foresee innovations in the work, as well as compares the models of personnel management of the universities in Europe and Kazakhstan.