bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indonesian EFL Learners' Ability to Comprehend and Produce Implicature
Authors: Caterine Widya , Amalia Tasya , Shaberina Shafira Ghoni Rosyida
Published: May 2022

To achieve a successful course of communication, one must master pragmatics, the study of context. To be able to have a proficient pragmatic competence, as one of macrolinguistics’ fields, getting acquainted with the target language’s cultural background is a must for foreign language learners. In a situation where someone is offered something, Indonesia has its own culture where the polite way to respond is to not directly accept or refuse the offer. This is actually considered as using implicature, one of the subfields of pragmatics. According to Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2019), implicature can be defined as the act of implying meaning by saying something else. The aim of using implicature is to mislead a response without lying while also maintaining a good social interaction. The objective of this study is to identify if EFL learners are capable of comprehending and producing implicature, one of pragmatics subfields or not. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative research. The data were collected through assigning questionnaires and doing interviews on Brawijaya University students. The result of the study shows how most students are able to comprehend and produce implicature in English. The type of implicature they used was conversational implicature, one of the principal subjects of pragmatics.
Hybrid Learning as an Effective Learning Solution on Intensive English Program in the New Normal Era
Authors: Nashir Muhammad , Laili Roudlotun Nurul
Published: May 2022

In this new normal era, the government has implemented new normal policies in various lines including education. This situation requires school community to adapt to this new normal era by complying with the health protocols set by the government. The lecturers as the main learning facilitator have very crucial role in forming new habits for students. Lecturers must be able to adapt in learning activities from the planning to its evaluation. Learning innovations and the usage of suitable and diverse media for learning significantly hold up enhancing the educational quality in the new normal era. One of the appropriate learning model solutions as a way to adapt in the new normal era is by applying hybrid learning in the Intensive English class. Hybrid learning model is a learning type which mixes face-to face and online by utilizing technological sophistication. This study aimed to explain hybrid as a form of learning solution on intensive English Program at Stikes Banyuwangi as an adaptation form to face the new normal era. The results of study indicated that hybrid learning make students easier in practicing the conversation during Intensive English class and can improve their learning outcomes and scores, especially in their speaking.  71.7% students stated that hybrid learning increase effectiveness, efficiency and their attractiveness, so it is quite effective to be applied. Then 85 students (81.8%) prefer hybrid learning than full online learning or totally face to face learning.
The Efficacy of Using Subtitled Video in Teaching Reading to Indonesian English as Foreign Language (EFL) Students
Authors: Taka Soleman Dapa
Published: May 2022

This research aims at finding out the efficacy of using Subtitled Video in teaching reading especially stories to Indonesian English as Foreign Language (EFL) students. The main question of this research: Is the use of Subtitled Video effective in teaching reading stories to Indonesian EFL students?.  The research can be an addition to the persisting teaching reading of English particularly the use of the Subtitled Video.  This research was conducted at the tenth-grade students at SMA Kristen Mercusuar Kupang, an Indonesian High School. The total number of samples was 25 students. The research used a pre-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design. The pre-test was given to find out the basic ability of the students in reading and the post-test given to find out the students’ improvement in reading after giving the treatment by using Subtitled Video as media. The findings show that using the Subtitled Video as media is effective in teaching reading to Indonesian EFL students. It is supported by the result of the significance test through SPSS 20 program that the P was 0.00.  Therefore, it is recommended to use the Subtitled Video in developing students’ competence in reading of Indonesian EFL students.
Revealing the Potential Impacts of English-Medium Instruction (EMI) in Indonesian Higher Education Context
Authors: Al Hakim Muhammad Arif
Published: May 2022

In recent years, many top universities from non-English countries have been implemented English Medium Instruction (EMI) in teaching and learning processes because it provides beneficial impacts for institutions, lecturers, and students. However, some other countries do not support EMI implementation because it has several drawbacks that are ineffective for educational systems. This conceptual review article aims to promote the benefits of EMI implementation and suggest the better application of EMI in Indonesian higher education. The research methodology used in this investigation is a critical literature review. The concept used in this paper is to critically explore the potential implementation of EMI in Indonesian higher education, which aims to teach specific content subjects through English as a medium of instruction. This implementation promotes students’ bi-literacy and bilingual skills and their learning motivations to be highly capable of competing in the globalization era. As a result, the implementation of EMI expands three benefits that can be attained by the students and lecturers; EMI enhances academic competence, improves English proficiency level, increases motivation in the learning process. This critical paper proves that EMI implementation will significantly benefit Indonesian institutions, especially their students and lecturers.
Bortezomib inhibits the proteasome, leading to cell death via apoptosis in feline injection site sarcoma cells in vitro
Authors: Laver Travis , Lee Benjamin M. , Gogal Robert M.
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE

To determine the in vitro effects of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in feline injection site sarcoma (FISS) cell lines.

SAMPLE

In vitro cultures of the FISS cell lines Ela-1, Hamilton, and Kaiser.

PROCEDURES

Cells were treated with increasing doses of bortezomib or vehicle alone (dimethyl sulfoxide) and evaluated for cell viability via an adenosine triphosphate concentration assay, proteasome activity via a commercially available proteasome assay, accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins via Western blot, and apoptosis via flow cytometry.

RESULTS

All 3 cell lines were sensitive to bortezomib with a 50% inhibitory concentration after 48 hours of treatment at 17.46 nM (95% CI, 15.47 to 19.72 nM) for Ela-1, 19.48 nM (95% CI, 16.52 to 23.00 nM) for Hamilton, and 21.38 nM (95% CI, 19.24 to 23.78 nM) for Kaiser. In the Ela-1 cell line, 20 nM bortezomib inhibited 20S proteasome activity by 90.9% compared with the vehicle-only control. In the Kaiser cell line, 20 nM bortezomib decreased 20S proteasome activity by 70%, compared with the untreated vehicle-only control. Last, treatment with bortezomib (25 and 40 nM) resulted in statistically significant decreases in viable cells accompanied by a statistically significant increase in apoptotic cells.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Treatment options for FISS, especially nonresectable FISS, are currently very limited. These results support further investigation of bortezomib either alone or in combination with other treatments in such cases.
High-dose buprenorphine results in a greater occurrence of postoperative hyperthermia than morphine in a randomized clinical trial in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy
Authors: Martin-Flores Manuel , Lorenzutti Augusto M. , Nugen Sarah A. , Boesch Jordyn M. , Kirch Pati J. , Merry Hillary L. , Campoy Luis
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE

To compare the thermoregulatory and analgesic effects of high-dose buprenorphine versus morphine in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy.

ANIMALS

94 client-owned cats.

PROCEDURES

Cats were randomized to receive either buprenorphine 0.24 mg/kg or morphine 0.1 mg/kg subcutaneously (SC) during recovery from ovariohysterectomy. Body temperature measurements were obtained before anesthesia, during anesthesia (averaged), at extubation, and 2, 4, and 16 to 20 hours postoperatively. Signs of pain were assessed, and demographic characteristics were compared between groups. The effects of treatment and time on body temperature, point prevalence of hyperthermia (> 39.2 °C), and pain scores were compared with linear or generalized mixed-effect models.

RESULTS

Cats receiving morphine (vs. buprenorphine) were older and heavier (both, P ≤ 0.005). Other group characteristics did not differ between treatments. Cats receiving buprenorphine (vs. morphine) had higher postoperative temperatures (P = 0.03). At 2, 4, and 16 to 20 hours after extubation, the point prevalence of hyperthermia was greater (P = 0.001) for cats receiving buprenorphine (55% [26/47], 44% [21/47], and 62% [27/43], respectively) versus morphine (28% [13/46], 13% [6/46], and 47% [21/44], respectively). There were no differences in pain scores between groups or over time. Five cats receiving buprenorphine and 6 receiving morphine required rescue analgesia within the 24-hour period.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Administration of buprenorphine (0.24 mg/kg SC), compared with morphine (0.1 mg/kg SC), resulted in higher body temperatures without an apparent advantage with regard to analgesia during the first 20 postoperative hours than morphine. Opioid-induced postoperative hyperthermia could confound the diagnosis of fever from different sources.
Transpulmonary ultrasound dilution is an acceptable technique for cardiac output measurement in anesthetized pigs
Authors: Paranjape Vaidehi V. , Shih Andre C. , Garcia-Pereira Fernando L. , Saksena Siddharth
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate cardiac output (CO) measurements using transpulmonary ultrasound (TPUD) technology and compare results with those of the gold standard, pulmonary arterial catheter thermodilution (PACTD), in 6 healthy anesthetized pigs during acute hemodynamic changes caused by manipulation of the blood volume.

ANIMALS

6 healthy male Landrace pigs.

PROCEDURES

Over a period of 1 week, pigs were anesthetized with isoflurane, mechanically ventilated, and underwent instrumentation in dorsal recumbency. They were subjected to sequential experimental states during which the blood volume was manipulated so that the animals transitioned from normovolemia to hypovolemia (20% and 40% of blood volume depletion), back to normovolemia (autologous blood transfusion), and then to hypervolemia (following colloid bolus). During each volume state, CO measurements were compared between TPUD and PACTD.

RESULTS

The mean ± SD relative bias between TPUD and PACTD was 7.71% ± 21.2% with limits of agreement –33.9% to 49.3%, indicating TPUD slightly underestimated CO values, compared with values obtained with PACTD. The mean ± SD of the bias between the 2 methods was 0.13 ± 0.5 L/min. Only 5 of 36 (13.9%) TPUD CO measurements had an absolute value of relative bias > 30%. The percentage error calculated for TPUD was 29.4%.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Results suggested that TPUD measurements have acceptable agreement with PACTD measurements. Moreover, TPUD exhibits promising potential in being used interchangeably with PACTD for future hemodynamic research involving swine as species of interest.
Nutrition and health functionality of hemp products in wheat cereal products – butter cut-out biscuits and leavened pastry
Authors: Hrušková Marie , Švec Ivan
Published: May 2022

Native to China, hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is an annual herb whose anatomical parts are widely used by for technical, food, and medical purposes. Hemp is traditionally considered a controversial crop due to its cannabinoid content. For industrial and food usage, however, the content of psychoactive tetrahydroxycannabinol (known as THC) is limited by EU Regulation (0.2%). In some countries, including the Czech Republic, the supportive and therapeutic effect of THC has led to the legalization of controlled cultivation (Elkoplast Slušovice, hemp with 6–19% THC) and the use of hemp on prescription. Due to the high content of proteins, fats, and fibre in hemp seeds, they are suitable for increasing the nutritional value of food. For cereal products, it is recommended to use wholemeal or defatted flour in dosages limited by the sensory quality of the final products, e.g., up to 10% for pastry. The use of the leaf and flower part in powdered form is acceptable in the amount of 4% max. Within the laboratory production of hemp-enriched cut-out biscuits and bread buns of standard consumer quality, the expected rise in the content of protein and dietary fibre was confirmed.
Soluciones articuladas a partir de las necesidades de las comunidades: Plan de Desarrollo Integral del Pueblo Seri (pueblo comcáac)
Authors:   Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua - IMTA, Escobar Neira Carolina
Published: May 2022

Contraria a las luchas de muchos de los pueblos originarios en todo el territorio nacional mexicano, en su caso, la lucha del pueblo comcáac no pretende el reconocimiento legal de sus tierras, dado que desde el 12 de diciembre de 1970 se establece la dotación de su territorio, por medio de una resolución presidencial del entonces presidente Luis Echeverría, al ejido El Desemboque y su anexo, Punta Chueca.
The effect of the Coefficient Function on the Solution Behavior for the Second-Order Complex Differential Equation
Authors: Alhily Shatha S. , Saleh Haneen Abbas
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this research paper is to present the second-order homogeneous complex differential equation   , where   , which is defined on the certain complex domain depends on solution behavior. In order to demonstrate  the relationship between the solution of the second-order of the complex differential equation and its coefficient of function, by studying the solution in certain cases: a meromorphic function, a coefficient of function, and if the solution is considered to be a transformation with another complex solution. In addition, the solution has been provided as a power series with some  applications.
Stability for the Systems of Ordinary Differential Equations with Caputo Fractional Order Derivatives
Authors: Taher Asad J. , Fadhel Fadhel S. , Hasan Nabaa N.
Published: May 2022

Fractional calculus has paid much attention in recent years, because it plays an essential role in many fields of science and  engineering, where the study of stability theory of fractional differential equations emerges to be very important. In this paper, the stability of fractional order ordinary differential equations will be studied and introduced the backstepping method. The Lyapunov function  is easily found by this method. This method also gives a guarantee of stable solutions for the fractional order differential equations. Furthermore it gives asymptotically stable.
La laguna de La Cocha en los discursos del desarrollo: Proyecto Multipropósito Guamués, Colombia, 1995-2002
Authors: Jojoa-Botina Delber Arturo , Cerón-Rengifo Carmen Patricia
Published: May 2022

El objetivo del artículo es analizar el discurso del desarrollo en el Proyecto Multipropósito Guamués (PMG), que se planeó realizar en la laguna de La Cocha, en Nariño, Colombia, entre 1995 y 2002. La metodología tiene enfoque cualitativo y se soporta en el análisis del discurso de los documentos del PMG. Se complemen- ta con la revisión de los planes de desarrollo de los gobiernos nacional y departamental. Se encontró que los documentos del PMG enuncian discursos en correspondencia con los modelos de desarrollo gubernamen- tales de nivel nacional y regional, tales como desarrollo humano, sostenible y territorial. En particular, los discursos del desarrollo del PMG se enfocan en el crecimiento económico a partir del control del agua, bajo el argumento de que la implementación del proyecto hidroeléctrico sería una alternativa a los problemas sociales y del entorno de la laguna.
Condiciones laborales en docentes de colegios privados
Authors: Garzón-Godoy Yeny Fabiola , Pineda Javier Armando
Published: May 2022

Este artículo analiza las condiciones de trabajo de los docentes de educación básica y media de las instituciones educativas privadas de Bogotá, con base en los conceptos de calidad del trabajo y trabajo docente. La metodología de investigación fue mixta y los instrumentos de recolección de la información fueron una encuesta electrónica dirigida a docentes y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los resultados obtenidos se analizaron en el marco de diez categorías analíticas: ingresos, estabilidad laboral, único empleo, afiliación gremial o sindical, jornada laboral, número de estudiantes, grado de satisfacción, condiciones materiales de trabajo, condiciones sociales de trabajo, condiciones de salud física y mental. Se argumenta que, para al menos la mitad de las y los docentes de colegios privados, el trabajo es de baja calidad.
"The Emerald Mines of Wadi Sikait (Egypt) from a Diachronic Perspective. Results of the 2020 and 2021 Seasons of the Sikait Project "
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España), García-Dils de la Vega Sergio , Oller Guzmán Joan ,   Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (España), Fernández Abella David ,   Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (España), Trevín Pita Vanesa ,   Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (España)
Published: May 2022

This article outlines the preliminary results of the fieldwork carried out by the Sikait Project, in the 2020 and 2021 seasons, in the Smaragdos area (Egyptian Eastern Desert). Our work is focused on the study of the beryl/emerald mining in the Roman and Late Antique periods, from a diachronic perspective. By the end of the 2021 season, some 150 mines had been identified. The total area so far of the delimited mining zones is about 100,000 m².
Lifting Work and Building Time at the 4th Dynasty Pyramids
Authors: Krauss Rolf
Published: May 2022

"Earlier studies about how long it took to build the great stone pyramids focused on the cubic amounts of masonry which is not an adequate parameter for determining the achievement of pyramid builders. Rather, the appropriate parameter is lifting work measured in Joules – in brief, the product of mass multiplied by lifting height. Provided lifting of a block took on average the same time at the 4th dynasty pyramid construction sites, then there was a proportion between lifting work and building time. The upper limits of the resulting building times depend on the length of Kheops’s reign."
Os principais diagnósticos de enfermagem no tratamento hemodialítico de pacientes em terapia intensiva
Authors: Malaquias Cleidiane Barbosa , Rocha Tainara Faria da , Vieira Karine dos Santos Portilio , Vasconcelos Kettley Lorrany de Oliveira , Chaves Letycia Maciel , Pereira Jhonatan Filipe
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Identificar os diagnósticos mais presentes em pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise em terapia intensiva. Métodos: Estudo de revisão bibliográfica, utilizando-se a base de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e SciELO. Inicialmente, ocorreu a leitura preliminar de 30 artigos pesquisados; a partir de então, dez artigos foram escolhidos como base para a estruturação deste estudo. A abordagem metodológica da pesquisa qualitativa, denominada pesquisa exploratória, tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um instrumento de pesquisa adequado à situação. Resultados: Observou-se 10 casos existentes em artigos aleatórios, foram identificados Diagnósticos de Enfermagem (DE), verifica-se que em 100% dos 10 casos estudados, são eles: risco de desequilíbrio eletrolítico, eliminação urinária prejudicada, mobilidade física prejudicada, integridade da pele prejudicada, risco de perfusão renal ineficaz. Considerações finais: O estudo concedeu uma observação quanto os procedimentos aplicados aos pacientes sujeitados a tratamento hemodialítico em UTI, que elaboraram os diagnósticos alcançados neste estudo, o que ajudará o enfermeiro envolvido no atendimento aos pacientes renais crônicos, contribuindo para aproximar o enfermeiro do paciente e promovendo uma assistência pautada em evidências clínicas.
Diagnostic Efficacy of Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy Versus Dermoscopy for Pigmented Skin Lesions: A Pilot Study
Authors: Owji Shayan , Han Joseph , He Helen , Lopera Isabel , Tassavor Michael , Brownstone Nicholas , Gulati Nicholas , Ungar Benjamin , Ungar Jonathan
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a non-invasive diagnostic device that measures the electrical impedance of skin lesions to assist in the detection of melanoma. While this tool has been shown to have a high sensitivity for melanoma diagnosis, data on its impact on clinical decision-making for pigmented skin lesions (PSLs) compared to other diagnostic tools is lacking. To gain further insight into its clinical utility, we conducted a pilot study to evaluate how this technology – specifically, the effect it has on clinical decisions for PSLs – compares to traditional dermoscopy.

Methods: Dermatologists, dermatology residents, and medical students completed an online survey eliciting their biopsy decisions for 24 PSLs of varying histopathological diagnoses. Half of the lesions from each diagnosis group were presented as a clinical image with associated dermoscopic image and the other half as a clinical image with the corresponding EIS score.

Results: Decisions made with EIS demonstrated a mean sensitivity of 75% for melanomas/severely dysplastic nevi vs. 66% for decisions made with dermoscopy (p=.008). While dermatologists biopsied with similar sensitivities when using EIS or dermoscopy (81% vs. 81%), residents and medical students biopsied with significantly greater sensitivity when using EIS. Respondents who reported rarely using dermoscopy showed the greatest improvement in sensitivity and specificity when using EIS compared to dermoscopy.

Conclusion: Given that not all providers are trained in dermoscopy, and our finding that EIS particularly benefits those who infrequently use dermoscopy, EIS may complement dermoscopy by helping a broader range of providers make improved PSL diagnostic decisions.
Intraparenchymal pericatheter cyst as an indicator of ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction: A case-based update
Authors: de Oliveira Samuel Teixeira , Cavalcante-Neto Joaquim Francisco , Matos Luís Eduardo Oliveira , Leal Paulo Roberto Lacerda , Ribeiro Espártaco Moraes Lima , Cristino-Filho Gerardo , da Ponte Keven Ferreira
Published: May 2022

Background:

Intraparenchymal pericatheter cysts (IPCs) are a rare ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) complication, with only a few cases recorded in the literature.

Case Description:

We report a 22-year-old woman admitted with headache, papilledema, vision loss, and a history of leukemia. Lumbar puncture revealed idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Three months after VPS implantation, she was readmitted with headache and worsening of visual impairment. CT evidenced a IPC with perilesional edema. Intraoperatively, a shunt revision and cyst drainage were opted for. We present a discussion and literature review on this unique complication of VPS, with emphasis on management.

Conclusion:

It is important to understand and consider IPCs as complications of VPS surgery, including in adult patients and IIH cases.
Türkiye'de tarım eksenli sürdürülebilir kalkınma İçin biyoekonomi
Authors: TUTAR Filiz , EKİCİ Merve
Published: May 2022

Sürdürülebilir kalkınma, çevresel tahribatların artmaya başlaması ile birlikte daha dikkat çekici ve üzerinde daha çok durulan bir konu haline gelmiştir. Çevre ve ekonomi arasında bir dengenin sağlanması gerektiği sürdürülebilirlik anlayışının temelini oluşturmaktadır. Nüfusun hızla artması ile birlikte tarım ürünlerine olan talep artışı, yeni üretim modellerinin ortaya çıkışını hızlandırmıştır. Bu yeni üretim modelleri sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın odağı haline gelmiştir. Dünyada bu gibi olumlu değişmeler ve gelişmeler yaşanırken, ülkelerin doğal kaynakları hızla tüketmesi ve ekolojik dengeye zarar vermesi olumsuz bir gidişatı temsil etmektedir. Bu kötü gidişatın anlaşılması biraz geç olsa da ülkeler hammaddelerin tükendiği ve bu stratejiden vazgeçilmesi gerektiği konusunda hemfikir olmuşlardır. Yenilenebilir kaynakların ülke ekonomisine artı bir değer kazandırması ve doğaya zarar vermemesi tercih edilebilirliğini arttırmaktadır. Biyoekonomi kavramı bu noktada önem kazanmaya ve benimsenmeye başlamıştır. Bilgi temelli bir ekonomiyi savunan bu terim biyoteknolojik uygulamaları gündeme getirmiştir. Bu inovasyon faaliyetleri sayesinde biyolojik kaynakların sürdürülebilir yönetimi ve tarım sektörünün rekabet edilebilirliği arttırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada sürdürülebilir kalkınma faaliyetlerine tarımsal açıdan bakılarak, biyoekonomi kavramının önemi ve uygulama alanları vurgulanmaya çalışılmıştır. Türkiye’de biyoekonomik faaliyetlerin tarım sektörü alanında daha işlevsel hale gelebileceği ve bu yönde yeni projelerin üretilmesi gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Evaluation of pollution of groundwater resources by Carbofuran based on its adsorption on three soils by Spectrophotometry
Authors: Sharma Nisha , Sharma Devender Kumar
Published: May 2022

The adsorption studies of carbofuran on three natural soils of different characteristics were conducted under laboratory conditions at 20 and 30 ±1ºC with an objective to evaluate the risk of pollution of groundwater resources. An extractive spectrophotometric methodology based on the transformation of insecticide into methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), extractable yellow product absorbing at 380 nm has been developed for the purpose. Adsorption and mobility were found significantly correlated with each other and were greatly affected with organic matter and clay content of the soil. The adsorption study was carried out by batch equilibration procedure. Adsorption of carbofuran into the soil fits the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. This adsorption study has been observed to be a spontaneous and exothermic process. The measured adsorption coefficients were used to evaluate leaching potential in terms of Groundwater Ubiquity Score (GUS). The observed GUS values in the range between 2.71-3.22 indicated that the carbofuran acts as a leacher, thereby poses a potential risk to groundwater resources and therefore calls for its judicious use.
A Review on Cell Immobilisation Technique: A Sustainable solution for efficient treatment of Industrial Waste water
Authors: Savio Nikhil , Srivastava Rajeev Kumar
Published: May 2022

Industrial waste water contains a variety of complex and toxic chemicals that are hazardous to both the environment and humans in higher concentrations. As a result, getting rid of it is crucial. For many years, cell immobilisation has been employed as an effective biological therapeutic strategy. This study primarily aims to provide an overview of what this technique entails and how it has evolved through time. The carriers that are employed to immobilise the microorganisms were also discussed. Encapsulation, adsorption, covalent binding/cross linking and entrapment are some of the cell immobilisation techniques covered in this study. Furthermore, it includes a brief overview of recent research in this topic for each method. According to the studies, up to 100% effectiveness has been reached in the breakdown of certain contaminants employing specific strains of organisms depending on the pollutant concentration and the microorganisms' incubation period. The review also demonstrates how each strategy has distinct advantages and disadvantages in comparison to the others. It also discusses how this technology can be used to improve industrial waste water treatment and why this method is important in the conclusion.
ECONOMIC – VALUABLE SIGNS AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE LEAVES OF NEW MULBERRY VARIETIES IN THE SPRING AND SUMMER SEASON
Authors: Ялгашев Х.А. , Умаров Ш.Р. , Насириллаев Б.У. , Батирова А.Н.
Published: May 2022

В этой статье изложены анализ хозяйственно-ценных признаков и химического состава листьев новых созданных сортов шелковицы Мархамат, Мустакиллик-2018, Жарарик-12 и контрольного сорта Таджикская бессемянная в весенний и летний сезоны. По каждому из вышеуказанных сортов изучены такие показатели, как площадь листа (длина, ширина, черешок), масса листа (лист с черешком, черешок, масса самого листа) и проценты азота, белка, золы, полипропенолов, β-ситостерина и витамина Е в составе листа, а также дана оценка питательным свойствам сортов шелковицы и рекомендации по внедрению в производство этих сортов в условиях фермерских хозяйств, специализированных к выкормке тутового шелкопряда.

This article presents an analysis of economically valuable traits and the chemical composition of the leaves of new created mulberry varieties Markhamat, Mustakillik-2018, Jararik-12 and the control variety Tajikistan seedless in the spring and summer seasons. For each of the above varieties, such indicators as leaf area (length, width, petiole), leaf weight (leaf with petiole, petiole, weight of the leaf itself) and the percentages of nitrogen, protein, ash, polypropenols, β-sitosterol and vitamin E in composition of the leaf, as well as an assessment of the nutritional properties of mulberry varieties and recommendations for the introduction of these varieties into the production in the conditions of farms specialized in feeding the silkworm.
MORPHOFUNCTIONAL PROCESS OF RECOGNITION AND BLOCKING OF THE ACTIVITY OF CANDIDA ALBICANS BY IMMUNOCOMPETENT CELLS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF A MICROBIAL ENZYME WITH ADAPTOGENS
Authors: Маннапова Р.Т. , Шайхулов Р.Р.
Published: May 2022

Кандидамикозы пищеварительного тракта гусей проявлялись в виде активизации и значительного увеличения содержания Candida albicans во всех отделах пищеварительного тракта. Применение энзимного микробного препарата – литиказы, в комплексе с адаптогенами: пробиотиком, прополисом и энзима с пробиотиком и прополисом, на фоне развития кандидамикозов пищеварительного тракта гусей, способствовало восстановлению функционально детерминированных нарушений микробиоценоза на фоне кандидамикозов в целом, что было представлено в наших предыдущих сообщениях, и снижению, в сторону физиологических значений, содержания Candida albicans в зобе в 3,56–11,9, мышечном отделе желудка в 3,52–16,5, железистом – в 10,7–17,8, тонком отделе кишечника в 6,56–20,7, толстом – в 7,08–12,7 раза. При этом развитие защитно – приспособительных и восстановительно морфо-функциональных реакций клеток крови, проявлялись усилением гемо-эритропоэза в 2,6–3,2 раза; повышением процессов распознавания и блокирования активности кандид базофилами в 2,0–2,4 раза; активизацией фагоцитоза кандид псевдоэозинофилами в 2,86–2,93 раза; повышением растворения остатков кандид и снижением действия их токсинов эозинофилами в 2,3–2,52 раза; усилением иммунной защиты лимфоцитами в 6,84–7,15 раза; активизацией продукции моноцитов – как следствие усиления фагоцитоза макрофагов в органах, в 11,0–11,8 раза.

Candidamicosis of the digestive tract of geese manifested itself in the form of activation and a significant increase in the content of Candida albicans in all parts of the digestive tract.The use of an enzyme microbial preparation – lyticase, in combination with adaptogens: a probiotic, propolis and an enzyme with a probiotic and propolis, against the background of the development of candidiasis of the digestive tract of geese, contributed to the restoration of functionally determined disorders of microbiocenosis against the background of candidiasis in general, which was presented in our previous reports, and a decrease, towards physiological values, in the content of Candida albicans in the goiter in 3.56–11.9, in the muscular section of the stomach in 3.52– 6.5, in the glandular – in 10.7–17.8, in the small intestine in 6 .56–20.7, thick – 7.08–12.7 times. At the same time, the development of protective-adaptive and restorative morphofunctional reactions of blood cells was manifested by an increase in hemo-erythropoiesis by 2.6–3.2 times; an increase in the processes of recognition and blocking of Candida activity by basophils by 2.0–2.4 times; activation of Candida phagocytosis by pseudoeosinophils by 2.86–2.93 times; an increase in the dissolution of Candida residues and a decrease in the action of their toxins by eosinophils by 2.3–2.52 times; strengthening of immune protection by lymphocytes by 6.84–7.15 times; activation of monocyte production – as a result of increased phagocytosis of macrophages in organs, by 11.0–11.8 times.
COMPENSATORY REACTIONS OF ORGANELLES OF GENERAL AND SPECIAL PURPOSE IN HEPATOCYTES IN CANDIDIASIS OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF GEESE
Authors: Шайхулов Р.Р. , Маннапова Р.Т.
Published: May 2022

На фоне кандидамикозов пищеварительного тракта гусей в гепатоцитах печени происходят ультраструктурные компенсаторные реакции органелл общего и специального назначения, направленные на восстановление функций клеток. Так при кандидамикозах пищеварительного тракта в цитоплазме гепатоцитов печени выявляются признаки редукции белоксинтезирующих органелл в связи с изменениями синтетических процессов на полирибосомах и катаболизма в клетках, приводящих к нарушению функции желчеобразования и желчеотделения.Терапия кандидамикозов пищеварительного тракта микробным энзимным препаратом литиказой в комплексе с прополисом и пробиотиком способствует развитию восстановительных морфологических процессов в структурно-функциональных единицах – дольках печени и в гепатоцитах. Ультраструктурная организация гепатоцитов, эндотелиальных клеток синусоидов, клеток Купфера и клеток Ито на фоне проведенной комплексной терапии энзимом литиказой с прополисом и пробиотиком восстанавливается для осуществления функций как желчеобразования, так и желчеотделения.

Against the background of candidiasis of the digestive tract of geese, ultrastructural compensatory reactions of general and special-purpose organelles occur in hepatocytes of the liver, aimed at restoring cell functions. Thus, in candidiasis of the digestive tract in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes of the liver, signs of reduction of protein-synthesizing organelles are revealed due to changes in the synthetic processes on polyribosomes and catabolism in cells, leading to impaired function of bile formation and bile secretion.Therapy of candidiasis of the digestive tract with the microbial enzyme preparation lyticase in combination with propolis and probiotic promotes the development of regenerative morphological processes in structural and functional units – liver lobules and hepatocytes. The ultrastructural organization of hepatocytes, endothelial cells of sinusoids, Kupffer cells and Ito cells against the background of complex therapy with the enzyme lyticase with propolis and a probiotic is restored to perform the functions of both bile formation and bile secretion.
THE GENUS TRIFOLIUM IN THE SOUTH OF THE CENTRAL RUSSIAN UPLAND: ASSESSMENT OF SPECIES DIVERSITY AND SEARCH FOR SOURCE MATERIAL FOR BREEDING
Authors: Думачева Е.В. , Сопина Н.А. , Пономарева А.С.
Published: May 2022

Изучен видовой состав фитоценозов с участием видов рода Trifolium в условиях стационар балки «Солонцы» (Красногвардейский район, Белгородская область). Виды рода клевер встречаются в степных сообществах луговых и северных степей. Всего на участке стационара идентифицировано 25 семейств, которые представлены 85 родами и 112 видами. Во флористическом списке семейство Fabaceae занимает второе место и представлено 16 видами из 10 родов, в том числе 5 видами клевера. Изучены пределы изменчивости основных морфо-биологические признаков и свойств видов клевера лугового и ползучего (T. pratense L.; T. repens L.). Проведен отбор ценных форм видов клевера лугового и ползучего по признакам высокой семенной продуктивности для дальнейшей селекционной работы. Отобраны особи (12 образцов клевера лугового и 10 образцов клевера ползучего), имеющие высокую степень завязывания семян – не менее 50 % от общего количества цветков в головке, с урожайностью семян для клевера лугового от 12,0 до 15,9 г/ м2 и клевера ползучего – от 9,0 до 11,3 г/ м2.

The species composition of phytocenoses with the participation of species of the genus Trifolium was studied in the conditions of the stationary beam «Solontsy» (Krasnogvardeisky district, Belgorod region). Species of the genus clover are found in steppe communities of meadow and northern steppes. In total, 25 families were identified at the station site, which are represented by 85 genera and 112 species. In the floristic list, the Fabaceae family ranks second and is represented by 16 species from 10 genera, including 5 clover species. The limits of variability of the main morpho-biological features and properties of red and creeping clover species (T. pratense L.; T. repens L.) were studied. The selection of valuable forms of species of red clover and creeping clover was carried out on the basis of high seed productivity for further breeding work. Individuals were selected (12 samples of red clover and 10 samples of red clover) with a high degree of seed setting – at least 50% of the total number of flowers in the head, with a seed yield for red clover from 12.0 to 15.9 g/m2 and clover creeping – from 9.0 to 11.3 g / m2.
INFLUENCE OF INNOVATION AND INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF AZERBAIJAN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
Authors: Гасумов Э.Р. , Велиев В.М. , Гасумов Р.А.
Published: May 2022

В статье рассмотрена роль инвестиции и инновации в развитии нефтегазовой отрасли и определяющей основы экономического роста Азербайджана. Проведен анализ взаимосвязи инноваций и инвестиций как основных факторов в развитии нефтегазовой отрасли, являющейся гарантом обеспечения жизнеспособности и развития государства. Отражено, что взаимодействие инновационного и инвестиционного процесса обеспечивает развитие научно-технического потенциала, государственной экономической безопасности, а главное, это взаимодействие позволяет создать экономические и социальные условия для развития газовой отрасли. Проанализированы факторы, влияющие на реализацию инновационных проектов, темпы развития инновационно-инвестиционной деятельности в нефтегазовой отрасли и ее зависимости от уровня, объемов и структуры инвестирования.

The article considers the role of investment and innovation in the development of the oil and gas industry and the determining basis for the economic growth of Azerbaijan. An analysis was made for the relationship between innovation and investment as the main factors in the development of oil and gas industry which is the guarantor of ensuring the viability and development of the state. It is shown that the interaction of the innovation and investment process ensures the development of scientific and technical potential, state economic security, and most importantly, this interaction allows you to create economic and social conditions for gas industry development. The factors influencing the innovative projects, rate of development of innovative and innovative activities in the oil and gas industry and its dependence on the level, volume and structure of investment are analyzed.
SOMATIC BIBLICAL EXPRESSIONS IN GERMAN AND RUSSIAN PHRASEOLOGY
Authors: Терехова Е.В. , Сёмова О.И.
Published: May 2022

В данной статье рассматриваются фразеологические единицы немецкого языка, в составе которых присутствуют названия частей тела человека и источником которых является Библия, приводятся их соответствия в русском языке, выделяются особенности семантики данных языковых единиц. Библия является одним из важнейших источников пополнения фразеологического фонда как немецкого, так и русского языка. Соматические библеизмы появились в результате переосмысления и метафоризации определенных библейских образов. Подавляющее большинство таких фразеологизмов в немецком и русском языках относится к книжному стилю речи и лишь изредка используется в устной речи. Важным представляется различие во времени и условиях появления библейских переводов на немецкий и русский языки. Костяк данных фразеологизмов в этих двух языках совпадает. Но необходимо учитывать собственно лингвистическое различие языков – принадлежность к разным языковым группам и минимальное количество морфологических, фонетических и других соответствий, а также разное словообразование. Предпринимается попытка выделения разрядов соматических библеизмов по источнику их происхождения.

This article deals with the phraseological units of the German language, which include the names of parts of the human body and the source of which is the Bible, their correspondences in Russian are given, the features of the semantics of these language units are highlighted. The Bible is one of the most important sources of replenishment of the phraseological fund of both the German and Russian languages. Somatic biblical expressions appeared as a result of rethinking and metaphorization of certain biblical images. The overwhelming majority of such phraseological units in German and Russian belong to the bookish style of speech and are only occasionally used in oral speech. The difference in time and conditions for the appearance of biblical translations into German and Russian is important. The backbone of these phraseological units in these two languages is the same. But it is necessary to take into account the actual linguistic difference of languages – belonging to different language groups and the minimum number of morphological, phonetic and other correspondences, as well as different word formation. An attempt is made to single out the categories of somatic biblical expressions according to the source of their origin.
English negation from an interactional perspective
Authors: Cheshire Jenny
Published: May 2022

This paper discusses the use of never as a strategy for expressing negation in English. I will argue that it is an important strategy, but that its importance has been overlooked because of the convention in linguistics of analysing forms in isolated sentences rather than in the conversational contexts in which they occur. This practice forces us to rely on our intuitions about the role of a given form in the structure of a language, so that we risk unwittingly describing the prescriptive norm concerning its use rather than the way in which it fits into the syntactic structure of the language.
L'activité de reformulation comme marqueur de la construction du sens : réflexions théoriques et méthodologiques à partir de l'analyse d'entretiens thérapeutiques
Authors: Apothéloz Denis , Grossen Michèle
Published: May 2022

En nous appuyant sur la perspective dialogique de la communication développée par Rommetveit (1992), nous considérons qu’un entretien thérapeutique est une conversation au cours de laquelle les participants focalisent leur attention sur certains faits ou « états de chose », les verbalisent à partir de leur propre perspective et en négocient des significations. L’un des objectifs de l’entretien est ainsi de confronter les significations proposées et de construire des états intersubjectifs ou, selon les termes de Rommetveit (1992), de « s’accorder à l’accordage de l’autre ». Il est toutefois entendu que ces états ne peuvent être que temporairement partagés ; on considère généralement que c’est précisément leur rupture en cours de conversation qui contribue à la dynamique conversationnelle. On peut ainsi faire l’hypothèse que c’est l’alternance entre la construction et la rupture de ces états intersubjectifs qui permettent l’instauration de ce que les psychologues cliniciens appellent le processus thérapeutique.
Déplacement et renouvellement du problème de l'imitation : migrations et greffes de formes dans le développement des cultures de l'Europe
Authors: Caussat Pierre
Published: May 2022

L’objet de ce travail s’étend sur plusieurs niveaux. Au niveau le plus modeste, il ne fait que développer une variante du problème de l’imitation, c’est-à-dire de son renouvellement, voire de son inversion, à partir, en gros, de la Renaissance : les langues (et les nations) européennes mettent en œuvre l’invention d’elles-mêmes au nom d’une imitation créatrice. Mais un tel aspect – fondamental – a du mouvement pour se déployer plus loin, sinon haut, jusqu’à rencontrer des enjeux ontologiques et éthiques ; on touche alors à la redoutable question d’une pluralité significative des cultures, des alternances concertante et dissidente de leurs voix contrastées, opposées, voire antagoniques. Dans ses limites de temps et d’espace, ce travail veut contribuer à cerner la question lancinante : qu’est-ce que l’Europe ?
Le mot Volk dans la presse à destination des maîtres d'écoles primaires des populations allemandes à l'étranger (Auslandsdeutsche Volksschule) entre 1890 et 1939
Authors: Tabouret-Keller Andrée
Published: May 2022

L’ouvrage d’Eric Hobsbawm, Nations et nationalisme depuis 1780 (1990. 1992), lecture indispensable pour l’étude du thème Langue et Nation, contient un chapitre sur la transformation du nationalisme entre 1870 et 1918. Il se termine par quelques réflexions concernant le peu d’étendue des connaissances sur la signification de la conscience nationale pour les masses concernées. Notre étude propose d’enrichir ces connaissances en éclairant la manière dont une presse spécialisée à l’adresse des maîtres des écoles primaires, accueillant des enfants de populations d’Allemands hors de l’Allemagne, contribue à donne un contenu nationaliste à cette école et à la pratique d’un idiome allemand, pendant une période qui s’étend de 1890 à 1939.
Problèmes de la description intralinguale et de la comparaison interlinguale des contenus lexicaux
Authors: Srpová Milena
Published: May 2022

Cette contribution, consacrée aux problèmes de la description intralinguale et de la comparaison interlinguale des contenus lexicaux, comprend trois parties. La première partie concerne les concepts de désignation et de signification. L'examen des limites de l'équivalence d'une désignation commune à deux langues fait l'objet de la deuxième partie. Dans la dernière partie, l'auteur tente de cerner le concept de connotations, en distinguant les connotations liées à l'état de nos connaissances du et sur le monde et les connotations liées à la signification générique d'un lexème polysémique.

Vue sous cet angle, la comparaison interlinguale des contenus lexicaux apparaît comme une confrontation de deux systèmes linguistiques et extralinguistiques.
Bibliographie
Authors: Anonyme
Published: May 2022

Bibliographie de Mortéza Mahmoudian
Technologies et interactions dans la fabrication du terrain du linguiste
Authors: Mondada Lorenza
Published: May 2022

La recherche sur le terrain en linguistique s’est considérablement modifiée et sophistiquée ces dernières années : d’une part, grâce à l’élargissement des méthodes d’enquête en sociolinguistique, promouvant une approche fine du terrain en vue d’analyse qualitatives aussi bien que quantitatives ; d’autre part, grâce à un intérêt de plus en plus marqué pour le recueil de corpus oraux interactionnels, constitués en vue d’analyses portant aussi bien sur les formes grammaticales que sur les processus conversationnels, venant relayer les techniques traditionnelles dans le domaine de la description des langues. Une telle situation montre la pertinence de la question qui interroge les modalités de la présence des pratiques de terrain dans la discipline de la linguistique.

Deux versants de la problématique seront ici explorés : d’une part il s’agira d’expliciter quelles sont les technologies et les inscriptions qui structurent le terrain du linguiste et les données qu’il y recueille – en se focalisant notamment sur le questionnaire. D’autre part, il s’agira de montrer comment ces technologies traitent (ou ne traitent pas) les interactions sur le terrain (que celle-ci concernent l’enquêteur et ses informateurs ou les locuteurs observés).