bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of spinal anesthesia—ultrasound guided versus landmark-based, in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia: a prospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Kakaraddi Sanjeev , Priya Krishnamurthy , Kavaraganahalli Deepak Mukundarao
Published: October 2023

Objective:

This research aims to assess the effectiveness and practical value of ultrasound imaging (US group) in minimizing the discomfort and potential hazards associated with spinal anesthesia compared to traditional landmark-based (LM group) approaches.

Materials and Methods:

In this prospective, randomized comparative investigation, 80 patients were enrolled to undergo spinal anesthesia using either the landmark-based or ultrasound-guided method, with an equal distribution of 40 patients in each respective group. The study recorded various parameters, including evaluation duration, count of needle insertion attempts, instances of redirection, duration of spinal anesthesia, overall procedure time (comprising assessment and administration of spinal anesthesia), and measurement of intrathecal space depth. Patient comfort was evaluated employing a visual analog scale (VAS).

Results:

Demographic characteristics, including age, gender, and body mass index, exhibited no notable differences. The overall procedure time was approximately 2–3 min for the LM group and 3–4 min for the US group, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.0001). The initial successful needle insertion rate was considerably more critical in the US group (52.5%) than in the LM group (10%). The distance from the skin to the subarachnoid space was notably more remarkable in the US group, with a statistically significant distinction from the LM group (P = 0.034). The successful spinal needle placement rate was 77.5% in the US group, significantly surpassing the LM group’s rate of 25% (P < 0.05). Regarding patient comfort assessed using the VAS, the US group demonstrated significantly greater comfort levels than the LM group. In the US group, every patient reported a VAS score of <4, whereas only 27.5% achieved the same level of comfort in the LM group.

Conclusion:

Our study provides evidence supporting the utility of pre-procedural ultrasound evaluation of the subarachnoid space as an effective tool for achieving successful lumbar punctures in patients receiving spinal anesthesia. Compared to the traditional landmark technique, this approach reduces the number of attempts required while enhancing patient comfort.
Comparative analysis of clinical and sonographic estimation of fetal weight in term pregnancy at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Patil Shobha , B Sarvamangala , Malipatil Vidyashree
Published: October 2023

Objectives:

Determining fetal weight is crucial in effectively managing labor and delivery. It helps make informed decisions about the most suitable delivery method and also aids in identifying conditions such as low birth weight, macrosomia, and intrauterine growth restriction in the fetus. In settings where ultrasound may not be readily available due to limited resources, it becomes essential to assess how accurately fetal weight can be estimated clinically by comparing it to ultrasound measurements and the actual birth weight. This study aimed to assess fetal weight in full-term pregnancies using clinical and ultrasound methods and compare their accuracy while examining their correlation with birth weight.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional observational and comparative study included 200 women in their full-term pregnancies. The study was conducted from November 2019 to October 2021. In this research, we calculated birth weight estimates using clinical methods (using Johnson’s and Dare’s formulas) and ultrasound (using Hadlock’s procedure). Subsequently, these estimated weights were compared to the actual birth weight data.

Results:

The findings of this study revealed that Hadlock’s ultrasound formula offered the most precise fetal weight estimates, with Dare’s clinical method following closely. Clinical and ultrasound estimations notably showed a significant positive correlation with birth weight.

Conclusion:

The ultrasound method is superior in accurately assessing birth weight compared to the clinical approach. Consequently, it is advisable to prioritize ultrasound whenever available and feasible.
Role of basic infection control practices to curtail the outbreak of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in a tertiary care hospital’s trauma intensive care unit
Authors: Mudshingkar Swati , Dedwal Ashwini , Karyakarte Rajesh
Published: October 2023

Background:

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common hospital-acquired infection in intensive care units (ICUs), with high mortality and morbidity rates. Multidrug-resistant pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter spp. generally cause VAP. Following an outbreak of VAP due to Klebsiella pneumonia in the trauma ICU (TICU), aggressive infection control practices and effective interventions were instituted to reduce the infection. We summarize the timely implementation and changes in infection control practices that helped reduce VAP incidence in an ICU.

Materials and Methods:

An intervention was done in the form of the implementation of infection control practices, training of healthcare workers (HCWs), and auditing of practices. Data were collected, and VAP rates were calculated pre- and postintervention.

Results:

Twenty-four VAP cases/1000 ventilator days due to multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae were identified in April–May 2019. After the intervention in the form of training and auditing, there was a change in the behavior of healthcare workers. The hand hygiene compliance rate improved from 33% to 74%. Overall bundle adherence rate in the study period was 62.5%, with semirecumbent position (head end elevation) achieved in 95%, administration of deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis in 56%, peptic ulcer prophylaxis in more than 90% of patients, and daily oral care was achieved in 96% patients. Their VAP rate decreased to 8 cases/1000 ventilator days in June and July 2019 from 24/1000 ventilator days in April–May 2019. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

The VAP rates in TICUs were reduced by strengthening basic infection control practices.
Ensemble method employing quantitative biomarkers and deep learning approach from structural magnetic resonance imaging to diagnose Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Varnagar Chintan R , Shah Hitesh B
Published: October 2023

Introduction:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition that impairs activities of daily living and sharply declines gross cognitive ability. Over 152 million individuals worldwide will live with the dreaded consequence of a longer lifespan by the year 2050, making it a pressing public health issue. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides excellent soft tissue contrast and helps image the brain in vivo, non-invasively.

Aims and Objectives:

To summarize AD’s anatomical, physiological, and pathophysiological changes and derivation of quantifiable biomarkers from MRI to develop artificial intelligence (AI) based computer-aided detection (CAD) system to classify subjects among AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and cognitively normal (CN).

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective study uses clinical and standardized, pre-processed, quality-controlled, and quality-checked—structural MRI imaging (diagnosed/labeled) data of 1069 subjects, age, gender, and class matched, taken from Alzheimer’s disease neuroimaging initiative. A pipeline is developed to get quantified biomarkers from the assessment of (1) cortical thickness, (2) volumetric segmentation for whole brain volumes, and (3) region of interest (ROI) areas most affected in AD. A gradient boosting method is used to predict class labels. The second approach implements a convolution neural network (CNN) model comprising 3D ROI.

Results:

Implemented CAD system using an ensemble gradient boosting approach has demonstrated good receiver operating characteristics characteristic and yielded balanced accuracy (BA) of 82.31%, 78.52%, and 72.73%, and the CNN approach has given better results 88.44%, 82.96%, and 74.34% for classification task AD versus CN, AD versus MCI, and MCI versus CN, respectively.

Conclusion:

This study has used a substantially large dataset of 1069 subjects. The deep learning-based efficient and optimal CNN model has used significantly large ROI-based 3-Dimentional volume, resulting in impressive performance improvements over comparable methods. The CNN model had given higher accuracy (6.13% for AD vs. CN, 4.44% for AD vs. MCI and 1.61% for MCI vs. CN) over gradient boosting, as the model uses significantly large ROI-based 3D brain volume and an inherent capability of it in learning most discriminative features automatically. However, quantitative biomarkers derived from brain morphometry, which accesses structural changes, yield reasonable estimates over pathophysiological alterations across the brain and augment a clinician with insightful and a holistic view, resulting in higher confidence over predicated class label by CNN and is a step closer to explainable AI. Accuracy for MCI versus CN drops as these classes share similar features and characteristics and can be improved by integrating biomarkers from other MRI modalities.
Relevance of CBNAAT in the early diagnosis of suspected tubercular swelling
Authors: Gupta Supriya , Srivastava Abhinav , Kumar Amit , Mohan Nitesh
Published: October 2023

Background:

Globally, tuberculosis is a prevalent disease, with an estimated 10.5 million cases. According to the World Health Organization, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, affects tissues and organs outside the lungs and constitutes 20%–25% of all tuberculosis cases. The delayed diagnosis of this form of tuberculosis is expected due to challenges in obtaining representative samples and lower bacterial loads in the samples obtained. Despite the availability of various diagnostic tests, the current lack of a proper diagnostic algorithm poses a daily challenge for clinicians in accurately identifying extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) has emerged as a promising and faster option for diagnosis. In light of these issues, a study has been initiated to evaluate the manifestations of otorhinolaryngological tuberculosis and develop a protocol that enables early diagnosis of this specific form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The goal is to enhance the timely detection and management of otorhinolaryngological tuberculosis.

Materials and Methods:

During the study period, 39 samples were collected, and the research received ethical approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee.

Results:

Of the 39 cases examined, the sensitivity and specificity of CBNAAT were determined to be 78.3% and 100%, respectively. The positive predictive value (PPV) was also 100%, whereas the negative predictive value was 20%.

Conclusion:

For any suspected neck swelling indicative of tuberculosis, CBNAAT should be the primary investigation. It offers ease of use, delivers faster results within a few hours, and boasts a 100% PPV.
Information and communication technology: Examining knowledge, availability, and utilization among nurses in secondary health care facilities in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Oye Modupe Jokotola , Adeniran Janet Adebukola , Jonathan-Adebiyi Olayinka Senami
Published: October 2023

Background:

Globally, information and communication technology (ICT) has been recognized as a pivotal strategy for embracing the evolving healthcare landscape. Despite its substantial role in facilitating information sharing, its adoption remains notably constrained in most developing nations.

Objective:

This study investigated the knowledge, accessibility, and usage of ICT resources among nurses in secondary healthcare establishments within Ondo State, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

The research employed a survey approach involving the participation of 200 nurses. A structured instrument was created to gather data, ensuring its validity and internal consistency. Both descriptive and inferential analysis of data was done. Hypothesis testing utilized Pearson correlation and Chi-square tests.

Results:

Most nurses, comprising 127 individuals (61.5%), demonstrated a commendable understanding of ICT within secondary healthcare establishments in Ondo State. Half of the participants (108, 54%) possessed ICT equipment in their respective units, whereas other essential ICT infrastructure was notably absent. Chi-square tests revealed an association between nurses’ age and their level of ICT knowledge (P = 0.10). This study discerned a direct connection between knowledge and utilization, denoted by a strong correlation coefficient of 0.738. Notably, gender substantially correlated with nurses’ ICT proficiency as evidenced by a significant P value of 0.459.

Conclusion:

The research indicates that rectifying the observed disparities can be achieved by ensuring an adequate supply of ICT resources and offering ongoing training sessions for practicing nurses. This approach will improve healthcare outcomes in secondary healthcare institutions in Ondo State.
Holistic Approach to Enhance Airborne Infection Control Practices in Health Care Facilities Involved in the Management of Tuberculosis in a Metropolitan City in India – An Implementation Research
Authors: Devaleenal Daniel Bella , Jeyapal Lavanya , Thiruvengadam Kannan , Giridharan Prathiksha , Velayudham Banurekha , Krishnan Rajendran , Baskaran Abinaya , Mercy Hephzibah , Dhanaraj Baskaran , Chandrasekaran Padmapriyadarsini
Published: October 2023

Background:

Airborne infection control (AIC) is a less focused aspect of tuberculosis (TB) prevention. We describe AIC practices in primary health care centres, awareness and practices of AIC among health care providers (HCPs) and TB patients. We implemented a package of interventions to improve awareness and practices among them and assessed its impact.

Methodology:

The study used a quasi-experimental study design. A semi-structured checklist was used for health facility assessment and a self-administered questionnaire of HCPs. Pre- and postintervention assessments were made in urban primary health centers (UPHCs), HCPs, and patients. Interventions included sharing facility-specific recommendations, AIC plans and guidelines, HCP training, and patient education. Statistical difference between the two time periods was assessed using the Chi-square test.

Results:

A total of 23 and 25 UPHCs were included for pre- and postintervention assessments. All 25 centers participated in interventions. Open areas were >20% of ground area in all facilities. No AIC committee was present in any of the facilities at both pre- and postintervention. Of all HCPs, 7% (23/337) versus 65% (202/310) had undergone AIC training. Good awareness improved from 24% (81/337) to 71% (220/310) after intervention (P < 0.001). Appropriate cough hygiene was known to 20% (51/262) versus 58% (152/263) patients at two assessments (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Comprehensive intervention, including supportive supervision of health centers, training of HCPs, and patient education, can improve AIC practices.
Strengthening Health Research and Ethics Systems in Timor-Leste
Authors: Martins Nelson , Gusmao Caetano , Soares Dirce , Laot Meri , Amaral Salvador , Messner Julia , Yan Jennifer , Francis Joshua Reginald
Published: October 2023

Introduction:

Meaningful health research should lead to evidence-based decision-making that can be translated into policy and practice. Every country needs to have a well-functioning and resourced ethics review and clearance system to ensure health and medical research is conducted in line with ethical standards, preventing harm to research participants, and contributing to better health outcomes and national priorities. The purpose of this study is to describe the origins of the system for managing health research and ethics in Timor-Leste and how it has evolved over time; to identify the strengths and limitations of the current system; and to recommend areas for improvement.

Materials and Methods:

A narrative review of the literature (published papers, gray literature, and unpublished data) was conducted alongside key informant interviews with 15 Ministry of Health (MOH) policymakers and National Institute of Health staff between October 2020 and March 2021.

Results:

The system for managing health research and ethics in Timor-Leste has remained largely the same since it was first established in 2009, with some adaptations to cope with a progressively increasing workload. Main findings include: the Department of Research and Studies (DRS) oversees complex ethics approval process in addition to other responsibilities; the DRS lacks the legal authority, policies, and procedures to help implement its full range of functions and responsibilities; national research priorities should be identified; MOH experiences difficulties in securing funding to support health research; training in health research, ethics and governance is an important priority for DRS.

Conclusion:

It is timely and important to invest in strengthening key components of health research and ethics systems in Timor-Leste. Despite limited resources, improvements can be achieved in key areas with focused assistance and collaboration with local, national, and international partners.
Mother’s Dietary Diversity and Underweight among Under-five Rural Children in Three Major Agro-climatic Zones, Myanmar
Authors: Swe Khaing Ou , Kyi Su Than , Mya Kyaw Swa , Htet Min Kyaw , Dibley Michael J.
Published: October 2023

Background:

Children’s growth is essential to nutritional status and population health. In 2015, 18.9% of under-five children in Myanmar were underweight, and only 25% of 6–23-month-old children had the minimum dietary diversity (MDD).

Objectives:

We conducted this study to assess the association between mother’s dietary diversity score (DDS) and underweight among under-five children.

Materials and Methods:

This study analyzed data from the “Livelihood and Food Security Survey,” a cross-sectional study conducted in 2016 in rural areas in Chin State, Magway, and Ayeyarwady regions. It included 2029 under-five children and used underweight as an outcome variable. We calculated DDSs for mothers of under-five children using the MDD-women methodology. The prevalence of underweight and MDD were estimated. A multivariable binary logistic regression analysis estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results:

The overall prevalence of underweight was 26.3% (95% CI: 23.4, 29.3), and that of the mother with a MDD score was 29.2% (95% CI: 26.0, 32.8). Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis showed that the prevalence of underweight in children was higher if maternal MDD was not met (adjusted odds ratio = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.89).

Conclusions:

The children’s age, types of toilets, and region were independent predictors of being underweight. Underweight among under-five children and diverse food consumption among their mothers are critical public health challenges in rural Myanmar that require urgent action. Nutrition education for rural communities should focus on feeding children with locally available diverse foods.
Approach to Study the Efficacy and Safety of New Complementary and Alternative Medicine Formulations: Lesson during COVID-19 from Sri Lanka
Authors: Pilapitiya Senaka , Jayasinghe Saroj , Silva Anjana , Wickremasinghe Rajitha , Paranagama Priyani , De Silva Janaka , Lekamwasam Sarath , Kularatne S. A. M. , Wanigasuriya Kamani , Kaluthota Swarna , Sumathipala Saranga , Rathnnasooriya Chinthaka , Siribaddana Sisira
Published: October 2023

COVID-19 affected Sri Lanka from early 2020, a time of considerable ignorance accompanied by wide media coverage of a devastating epidemic in Italy and Europe. Many were attracted to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) or traditional medicine (TM) in this desperate situation. Several preparations were claimed to be effective against COVID-19 globally. Dammika Bandara Syrup© was one such preparation promoted for preventing and treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. It was based on bees’ honey, pericarp and mace of Myristica
fragrans (nutmeg), the seed of Foeniculum
vulgare and fresh rhizome of Zingiber
officinale, all believed to have anti-viral properties. Following an unpublished clinical study claiming efficacy, Dammika Bandara Syrup© gained wide media publicity and political patronage. The producer claimed of Goddess Kali revealing the formula added an anthropological, cultural, and religious complexity to the issue. The demand for the product increased rapidly as a debate raged both in public and in the parliament on utilizing such products in combating COVID-19. The Department of Ayurveda, which is statutorily responsible for regulating CAM/TM had to respond to the situation. The legislation to regulate such indigenous medicinal products was weak, and the crisis deepened as thousands converged to the production facility, defying mobility restrictions introduced to control COVID-19. This led to the Ministry of Health requesting academics to form a team and conduct a clinical trial to prove its efficacy. This paper outlines the process and issues faced during the regulatory approval for the trial in a polarized political environment. Some health professionals accused the researchers of bowing to political pressure and questioned the scientific justification for the trial. However, the team considered this as an opportunity to streamline a path for research into CAM/TM therapies in situations such as COVID-19. Several processes were identified and addressed, such as the provisional registration of CAM preparations, assessing the potential efficacy of a CAM product, confirmation of authenticity and safety, standardization and supervision of production respecting cultural identities, obtaining approval for human use, choice of comparators, and ethical issues. We believe the study has helped set standards and a benchmark for CAM and TM research in Sri Lanka.
The Surveillance of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in Thailand, 2003–2019: A Perspective for Prevention and Control
Authors: Maksikharin Acharaporn , Prommalikit Olarn , Thisyakorn Usa
Published: October 2023

Background:

Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is an infection of the central nervous system with high case-fatality rates. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the most common vaccine preventable cause of AES in Asia and part of the Western Pacific. In 2003, the JE vaccine was introduced into Thailand’s National Immunization Program and expanded to all provinces. This study reviews data from the national surveillance system on the incidence of AES, including Japanese encephalitis in Thailand to guide surveillance, control, and prevention strategies.

Materials and Methods:

We collected data on all patients diagnosed with AES and reported to the Bureau of Epidemiology, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand, from 2003 to 2019.

Results:

A total of 9566 AES patients and 266 death cases were reported during these 17 years. Six hundred and forty-two (6.7%) patients were JE with 16 deaths. The incidence of AES increased from 0.47-0.51-1.36 cases per 100,000 population with a preponderance of cases in adults. CFR reduced from 6.25% - 6.94% in 2003-2005 to 0.78% in 2019. AES cases occurred all year round in all the age groups with a male predilection JE vaccination coverage had reached 83% by 2019. The patients were mainly from the north-eastern region of Thailand.

Conclusion:

Integrated surveillance regular monitoring, strengthening, and making immunization sustainable is required to improve and maintain progress toward JE control and prevention.
Data Mining Algorithm Based on Fusion Computer Artificial Intelligence Technology
Authors: Bai Yingqian , Bao Kepeng , Xu Tao
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION: The paper constructs a massive data mining model of distributed spatiotemporal databases for the Internet of Things. Then a homologous data fusion method based on information entropy is proposed. The storage space required by the tree structure is reduced by constructing the data schema tree of the merged data set. Secondly, the optimal dynamic support degree is obtained by using a neural network and genetic algorithm. Frequent items in the Internet of Things data are mined to achieve the normalization of the clustered feature data based on the threshold value. Experiments show that the F-measure of the data mining algorithm improves the efficiency by 15.64% and 18.25% compared with the kinds of other literatures respectively. RI increased by 21.17% and 26.07%, respectively.
Quaternionic Speh representations
Authors: Cai Yuanqing
Published: October 2023

For a central division algebra

D

, we study a family of representations of

\operatorname{GL}_{k,D}

(both locally and globally), which can be viewed as analogs of the Speh representations. At the non-
Archimedean places, we show that these representations support unique models of degenerate type.
Globally, we show that these representations support certain non-vanishing Fourier coefficients. We
also obtain some partial results regarding unique models at the Archimedean places.
Risk of lymphadenopathy from SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in Korea: a self-controlled case series analysis
Authors: Kim Mi-Sook , Kim Bongyoung , Choi Jeong Pil , Choi Nam-Kyong , Heo Jung Yeon , Choi Jun Yong , Lee Joongyub , Kim Sang Il
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVES: To assess the risk of lymphadenopathy following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination.METHODS: A self-controlled case series design was used to determine whether the risk of lymphadenopathy was higher in the 1-day to 42-day risk interval after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination compared to the control period. In addition, subgroup analyses were conducted according to baseline characteristics, time since vaccination, and sensitivity analyses adjusted for the length of the risk interval.RESULTS: The risk of developing lymphadenopathy in the risk interval (1-42 days) after COVID-19 vaccination compared to the control period was significantly increased, with a relative incidence (RI) of 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17 to 1.18) when the first, second, and third doses were combined. The RI was greater on the day of vaccination (1.47; 95% CI, 1.44 to 1.50). In subgroup analyses by baseline characteristics, a significantly increased risk or trend toward increased risk was observed in most subgroups except for those aged 70 years and older, with a significant increase in risk in younger individuals, those with a Charlson’s comorbidity index <5, and those who received mRNA vaccines (mRNA-1273>BNT162b2). Within the 1-day to 42-day post-dose risk period, the relative risk was highest during the 1-day to 7-day post-dose period (1.59; 95% CI, 1.57 to 1.60) compared to the control period, and then the risk declined. In the sensitivity analysis, we found that the longer the risk window, the smaller the RI.CONCLUSIONS: SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is associated with a statistically significant increase in the risk of lymphadenopathy, and this risk was observed only with mRNA vaccines.
Deep Vein Thrombosis in a Patient with Negative Age-Adjusted D-Dimer Level
Authors: Sheth Monish A.
Published: October 2023

D-dimer level, along with a clinical probability tool that uses the Wells score, is commonly used to exclude deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Age-adjusted D-dimer values are routinely used in clinical practice to increase the negative predictive value and avoid unnecessary Doppler ultrasound imaging. We describe a patient with a low pre-test probability of DVT upon admission and a negative D-dimer level based on age-adjusted values who was later diagnosed with DVT. Our experiences with this case highlight that the geriatric population is unique and, at times, frail.
Evaluation of Vector-Enabled Xenosurveillance in Rural Guatemala
Authors: McMinn Rebekah J. , Chacon Andrea , Rückert Claudia , Scorza Valeria , Young Michael C. , Worthington Delaney , Lamb Molly M. , Medrano Ramon E. , Harris Emma K. , Arias Kareen , Lopez Maria Renee , Asturias Edwin J. , Foy Brian D. , Stenglein Mark D. , Olson Daniel , Ebel Gregory D.
Published: October 2023

Surveillance methods that permit rapid detection of circulating pathogens in low-resource settings are desperately needed. In this study, we evaluated a mosquito bloodmeal-based surveillance method (“xenosurveillance”) in rural Guatemala. Twenty households from two villages (Los Encuentros and Chiquirines) in rural southwest Guatemala were enrolled and underwent weekly prospective surveillance from August 2019 to December 2019 (16 weeks). When febrile illness was reported in a household, recently blood-fed mosquitoes were collected from within dwellings and blood samples taken from each member of the household. Mosquitoes were identified to species and blood sources identified by sequencing. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was used to identify circulating viruses. Culex pipiens (60.9%) and Aedes aegypti (18.6%) were the most abundant mosquitoes collected. Bloodmeal sources were most commonly human (32.6%) and chicken (31.6%), with various other mammal and avian hosts detected. Several mosquito-specific viruses were detected, including Culex orthophasma virus. Human pathogens were not detected. Therefore, xenosurveillance may require more intensive sampling to detect human pathogens in Guatemala and ecologically similar localities in Central America.
Case Report: Giant Oral Ulcers Attributed to Cytomegalovirus Infection in a Patient with AIDS
Authors: Liu Jinli , Tan Yuting , Song Shihui , Liu Jie , Zou Shi , Luo Mingqi , Guo Wei , Liang Ke
Published: October 2023

Oral ulcers are often neglected in patients with AIDS. However, giant oral ulcers are uncommon and are usually suspected to be malignant lesions. Our study presents a case of giant ulcers in an AIDS patient that were initially suspected to be oral cancer. To assist with diagnosis, conventional microbiological tests, metagenomic next-generation sequencing, and a pathological examination were conducted on oral lesion biopsy specimens. The case was finally confirmed via hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining to be a cytomegalovirus infection.
Melioidosis of the Female Genitourinary Tract
Authors: Baker Kelly , Smith Simon , Stewart James , Withey Grant , Bain Madeleine , Pridgeon Simon , Hanson Josh
Published: October 2023

Prostatic abscess is a common manifestation of melioidosis in men, but the characteristics of female genitourinary melioidosis are incompletely defined. There were 453 cases of melioidosis in Far North Queensland, tropical Australia, between January 1998 and April 2023; genitourinary involvement was less common in women than in men (13/140 [9%] versus 76/313 [24%], odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.32 [0.17–0.60], P = 0.0004). In 11 of these 13 (85%) women, other organs were also affected. The two women with disease involving only the genitourinary tract had underlying anatomical abnormalities: one had an ovarian malignancy, the only case to involve the female reproductive system in the cohort, while the other had a urethral diverticulum. In 3 of 13 (23%) women, genitourinary involvement was identified only with computed tomography, emphasizing the importance of early imaging of patients with melioidosis to identify unexpected foci of disease and to inform the optimal duration of antibiotic therapy.
No Varicella Zoster Virus Infection among Mpox Cases in Antwerp, Belgium
Authors: Coppens Jasmine , Liesenborghs Laurens , Vercauteren Koen , Van Esbroeck Marjan , Van Dijck Christophe
Published: October 2023

Several studies in tropical settings have reported that ∼20% of patients infected with Monkeypox virus (MPXV) also tested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive for Varicella zoster virus (VZV). Researchers have hypothesized that VZV infection predisposes to monkeypox (mpox), or vice versa, or that MPXV triggers the reactivation of VZV. We tested samples for VZV from a cohort of patients infected with clade IIb MPXV diagnosed between May 23 and October 14, 2022 in Antwerp, Belgium. Leftover DNA extracts of skin lesion samples from 108 mpox patients were tested with in-house PCR for VZV. No VZV infections were found. The absence of concurrent VZV-MPXV infections in our cohort indicates that VZV did not cocirculate in the population at risk for MPXV during the Belgian 2022 outbreak, but also that MPXV does not commonly trigger reactivation of latent VZV in adult men.
Acceleration Modeling with Constant Power
Authors: Poplin Woodrow M. , Poplin Colby A.
Published: October 2023

The evaluation of the acceleration, velocity, and travel distance of a motor
vehicle is an issue that arises frequently in the analysis of vehicle accidents.
It is well known that the acceleration capabilities of a motor vehicle generally
reduce as the velocity increases. Vehicle accident reconstruction has
traditionally used constant acceleration models with stepped decreases of
acceleration as the velocities, distances, and loading increase. For any given
vehicle, the energy output of the engine that can be transmitted to the
drivetrain remains within a power band of the operating engine. Transmissions
efficiently transfer this relatively constant power to the drive wheels. Using
the mathematical relationships of the “power equations,” the acceleration,
velocity, and travel distances for vehicles can be reasonably evaluated with
limited test information. Adjustments for differing load conditions and terrain
are readily incorporated into the model. Constant power models are developed
from fundamental principles and have been presented in a variety of formats,
most of which are not very useful for accident reconstruction. The objective of
this paper is to (a) develop the principle constant power equations, (b) present
the power equations in a format usable by the typical accident
reconstructionist, and (c) refine the model to represent real-world conditions
more closely.
A diachronic approach to perceptions of success and failure in language education
Authors: Komorowska Hanna
Published: October 2023

The paper is an article of reflection which aims to critically analyze the concept of success as viewed from an individual’s perspective as well as through the lenses of others. Historically and socially dependent norms and values regulating psychological and sociological approaches to success and failure are also considered and their personal and social consequences examined. Against this background the postwar concepts of a successful language learner and a successful language teacher are examined from both diachronic and synchronic perspectives. A model with six stages is proposed, the function of which is to estimate their approximate duration as well as to identify criteria adopted in order to distinguish between success and failure in particular periods. Terminology, drawn from the philosophy of law, relating to norms and expectations is presented to examine methodological issues in evaluation and assessment. Implications for language teacher education are also considered.
A note on the Lycian tabahaza
Authors: Nowakowski Marcel
Published: October 2023

In this short text, I examine the usage of the Lycian word tabahaza, highlight its possible Anatolian cognates, such as the Hittite nēpiš- ‘heaven’ and the Cuneiform Luwian tappaš- ‘id.’, analyze and address the problems arising from this connection, while also reconstructing the intermediate phases between Proto-Indo-European, as well as other proto- and attested languages, in relation to the development of the form in question.
Wizerunek Żydów w dowcipach rysunkowych na łamach „Muchy” (1935–1939)
Authors: Guja Aleksandra
Published: October 2023

The Image of Jews in Cartoons from the “Mucha” Magazine (1935–1939) The article discusses the visual images of Jews presented in cartoons from the satirical journal Mucha between 1935 and 1939. Mucha was a major satirical magazine in Poland and the only one published during the whole interwar period. The aim of the study is to analyze the visual discourse about Jews emerging from cartoons using digital tools (MAXQDA). Both quantitative and qualitative methods were applied to check which elements of the picture create a specific type of stereotype. The findings suggest that the overall image of Jews is contradictory, albeit dominated by categories related to money and trade. There are also images that do not fit into the dominant antisemitic discourse.
STUDY OF ACOUSTICAL PARAMETERS OF SUBSTITUTED 2-AMINOBENZOTHIAZOLES IN AQUEOUS DIOXANE AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES
Authors: Harshawati B. Kalantri  , Pravin B. Raghuwanshi  , Mrunal M. Mahajan
Published: October 2023

In a 1,4-dioxane-water mixture at 293, 295, and 297 K, throughout a wide range of concentration, the density, viscosity, and ultrasonic velocity of synthesised Schiff base 1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine and its substituted derivatives have been examined. The current work involved the analysis of acoustical parameters such as ultrasonic velocity (V), adiabatic compressibility (βs), apparent molar volume (ϕv), and intermolecular free length (Lf), which represent structural properties.
LOW GRADE HEAT RECOVERY FROM COOLING TOWER
Authors: Mayur savale
Published: October 2023

Energy and utility are the major heads in industries. Use of energy and utility in industries is huge. There are lots of work done to save utility and conservation of energy previously. Still there is scope to do work for these. Cooling towers are major equipment for utility in various industries like chemical, petroleum, power plant etc. cooling tower absorbs low/high grade energy from process plant and emits it into the environment in the form of low-grade energy. Low-grade energy is difficult to recover and utilize in industries. sometime recovery and utilization are possible but cost of recovery is higher. Here we work to recovery of low-grade energy from cooling tower water and utilize for the evaporation of liquid to gas like chlorine, Sulphur dioxide, ammonia etc. which are store in liquid condition in cylinder and requires in gas form and higher flow rate. This arrangement will give advantage over conventional evaporation utilities like steam, hot water, electrical/thermal tracing etc., also gives advantages in cooling tower performance.
Digital innovation ecosystem of the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan: overview of the subject area
Authors:   I. Zhansugurova Zhetysu University, Kaldiyarov D. A. , Kalymbekova Z. K. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Zhumanazarov K. B. ,   Kazakh University of Technology and Business
Published: October 2023

The goal is to analyze the conceptual apparatus of the innovative ecosystem of the agro-industrial complex and develop recommendations for adjusting some terms. Problematic issues of legal regulation of digital technologies in agricultural production are identified and factors that stimulate or negatively affect this process are identified. Methods – dialectical, abstract-logical, comparative. Results – an overview of the implementation of the state digitalization policy is presented, an analysis of the current legislation with a view to creating an effective mechanism for digital platforms in agricultural sector. The features of the digital transformation of the republic's agro-industrial complex and prerequisites for the introduction of innovations are shown. It has been established that the digital modernization of the industry has gone through the stages of mechanization, automation, computerization, and the formation of a digital space; characteristics of these stages are given, and the main directions of the new generation of information and communication technologies in the country are outlined. Regulatory legal acts are analyzed. Conclusions – in order to achieve the required level of competitiveness, the Kazakhstan model of economic development must not only focus on global high-tech developments, but also have its own effective mechanism for introducing them into the practice of agricultural business. The main participants in the digital ecosystem are agricultural producers, processing enterprises, rural residents, and individual entrepreneurs. Its creation will increase the potential of the agro-industrial complex, increase the income of the rural population, and ensure direct supplies of manufactured products to markets. The authors state the need to make changes and additions to the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan to consolidate the concepts and adjust the definitions of “digitalization of the agro-industrial complex” and “innovative ecosystem of the agro-industrial complex”, “digital business ecosystem”, “digital economy”.
Innovative crop - quinoa as an alternative food source in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors:   Caspian Public University, Gridneva Ye. E. , Kaliakparova G. Sh. ,   Caspian Public University, Abdibekov S. U. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Published: October 2023

Quinoa is a still little-known grain herbaceous plant in Kazakhstan, which, under optimal weather and temperature conditions, can reach a yield of 11 t/ha, with an average yield of 6-8 tons per hectare. The goal is to show, based on a review of scientific works, the importance and possibilities of growing this crop in Kazakhstan. Methods – dialectical, economic and comparative analysis. Statistical information on pricing policy is provided. The analytical base consisted of publications of domestic scientists on food security and foreign researchers and periodical sources about this annual plant. Results the authors revealed the possibilities of its use in various sectors of agro-industrial complex, and also considered the prospects for cultivation, storage, delivery and sales, and pricing policy. Conclusions – quinoa has great potential for expanding its use by domestic producers. The authors see the promotion of this product in the republic in effective state support of agricultural sector at the initial stages of the development of such a dietary crop. There is an opportunity to achieve significant results in the short and long term. The possibility of its wide distribution and economic benefits have been determined. The article identifies ways to solve the food problem through the cultivation of quinoa for on-farm needs, as well as providing access to new markets. The authors note the increased interest of quinoa crop as an unconventional raw ingredient for the Kazakh consumer when creating multicomponent recipes, which is justified by its high nutritional value.
Geographic information systems as an innovative method for increasing the productivity of agricultural land
Authors:   S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical Research University, Shaimerdenova A. К.
Published: October 2023

The goal is to identify and specify the stages of formation and development of geographic information systems (GIS) in agriculture, used to improve the efficiency of agricultural land. Methods – system analysis, monographic, statistical, economic, classification, grouping, logical generalization. Results – the author shows the problems of disseminating technologies that are geographically linked in the agricultural sector abroad and in Kazakhstan. The stages of cartography, remote sensing of the earth, organizational work to collect information on the biodiversity of the territory of foreign countries, starting from laboratories, then computer programming until the end of the cycle are outlined. Natural and climatic factors that influence the composition and change in the size of the land fund of the republic, in particular agricultural lands, are considered. Negative land management processes, the presence of a large amount of disturbed land resulting from industrial production, and the existence of anthropogenic pollution that worsen soil fertility are highlighted. Conclusions – the need for wide dissemination of GIS for the rational use of land resources arose during the monitoring and assessment of soil characteristics, the need to determine the forecast level of yield, water management, spatial planning and production decision-making. The argument for the use of GIS technologies is the modern land policy of the state, aimed at creating a rational balance between the sustainable development of the agroindustrial complex and the preservation of natural potential in order to improve living conditions in rural areas. Geographic information systems contribute to increasing the profitability of agricultural enterprises and optimizing its costs. Digital cartographic products are increasingly found in the practice of intensively developing farms.
Innovative SCADA-Based Oil Refinery Control with Arduino Integration Using Labview
Authors:   Electronics and Control Engineering Department, Technical Engineering College-Kirkuk, Northern Technical University, Iraq, Saber Mohammed Farooq , Shareef Anmar Aidi ,   Electronics and Control Engineering Department, Technical Engineering College-Kirkuk, Northern Technical University, Iraq, Khudhair Ali Sabah ,   Electronics and Control Engineering Department, Technical Engineering College-Kirkuk, Northern Technical University, Iraq, Hamad Omar Shakir ,   Electronics and Control Engineering Department, Technical Engineering College-Kirkuk, Northern Technical University, Iraq, Ahmed Mohammed Ghadhban ,   Electronics and Control Engineering Department, Technical Engineering College-Kirkuk, Northern Technical University, Iraq
Published: October 2023

In various industrial settings, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Programmable Logic Control (PLC) systems are commonly employed for control purposes, such as in water treatment facilities, electric power stations, and irrigation systems. However, the oil and gas refinery sector typically relies on Distributed Control Systems (DCS) to manage a wide array of process and equipment control functions. This project departs from the conventional reliance on DCS and explores the utilization of a SCADA system, both with and without Arduino integration, to oversee and regulate oil levels within a tank that serves as a representation of a refinery. The project introduces the design and detailed implementation of a real-world SCADA system developed in LABVIEW. Effective solutions encompass automation and monitoring architectures that encompass several components, including a real-time supervision and control system, programmable logic controllers equipped with fundamental libraries, communication systems, standard or custom interfaces interfacing with sensors, electrical drive components, measuring instruments, and more. Leveraging informatics systems offers the potential to proactively prevent various phenomena through data analysis and processing, ultimately leading to optimized operations and significant cost savings. Consequently, this project introduces a SCADA system tailored for the monitoring and control of water distribution stations. This system is designed to ensure the efficient operation of pumping systems, enhance equipment and infrastructure safety and resilience, optimize energy consumption, and efficiently manage the distribution of potable water resources. The project relies on LabVIEW, a graphical programming language utilizing a dataflow model, for programming, control, and monitoring of a simulated water system. Additionally, rain sensors are employed to detect water levels within predefined minimum and maximum thresholds. Moreover, LabVIEW is utilized for programming the Arduino UNO microcontroller board, which serves as an interface between the software and other circuit components. The results of this project demonstrate high-performance levels and the attainment of precise measurements.