bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regime shift in Arctic Ocean sea ice thickness
Authors: Sumata Hiroshi , de Steur Laura , Divine Dmitry V. , Granskog Mats A. , Gerland Sebastian
Published: March 2023

Manifestations of climate change are often shown as gradual changes in physical or biogeochemical properties1. Components of the climate system, however, can show stepwise shifts from one regime to another, as a nonlinear response of the system to a changing forcing2. Here we show that the Arctic sea ice regime shifted in 2007 from thicker and deformed to thinner and more uniform ice cover. Continuous sea ice monitoring in the Fram Strait over the last three decades revealed the shift. After the shift, the fraction of thick and deformed ice dropped by half and has not recovered to date. The timing of the shift was preceded by a two-step reduction in residence time of sea ice in the Arctic Basin, initiated first in 2005 and followed by 2007. We demonstrate that a simple model describing the stochastic process of dynamic sea ice thickening explains the observed ice thickness changes as a result of the reduced residence time. Our study highlights the long-lasting impact of climate change on the Arctic sea ice through reduced residence time and its connection to the coupled ocean–sea ice processes in the adjacent marginal seas and shelves of the Arctic Ocean.
Control of stereogenic oxygen in a helically chiral oxonium ion
Authors: Smith Owen , Popescu Mihai V. , Hindson Madeleine J. , Paton Robert S. , Burton Jonathan W. , Smith Martin D.
Published: March 2023

The control of tetrahedral carbon stereocentres remains a focus of modern synthetic chemistry and is enabled by their configurational stability. By contrast, trisubstituted nitrogen1, phosphorus2 and sulfur compounds3 undergo pyramidal inversion, a fundamental and well-recognized stereochemical phenomenon that is widely exploited4. However, the stereochemistry of oxonium ions—compounds bearing three substituents on a positively charged oxygen atom—is poorly developed and there are few applications of oxonium ions in synthesis beyond their existence as reactive intermediates5,6. There are no examples of configurationally stable oxonium ions in which the oxygen atom is the sole stereogenic centre, probably owing to the low barrier to oxygen pyramidal inversion7 and the perception that all oxonium ions are highly reactive. Here we describe the design, synthesis and characterization of a helically chiral triaryloxonium ion in which inversion of the oxygen lone pair is prevented through geometric restriction to enable it to function as a determinant of configuration. A combined synthesis and quantum calculation approach delineates design principles that enable configurationally stable and room-temperature isolable salts to be generated. We show that the barrier to inversion is greater than 110 kJ mol−1 and outline processes for resolution. This constitutes, to our knowledge, the only example of a chiral non-racemic and configurationally stable molecule in which the oxygen atom is the sole stereogenic centre.
Spatial mapping of mitochondrial networks and bioenergetics in lung cancer
Authors: Han Mingqi , Bushong Eric A. , Segawa Mayuko , Tiard Alexandre , Wong Alex , Brady Morgan R. , Momcilovic Milica , Wolf Dane M. , Zhang Ralph , Petcherski Anton , Madany Matthew , Xu Shili , Lee Jason T. , Poyurovsky Masha V. , Olszewski Kellen , Holloway Travis , Gomez Adrian , John Maie St. , Dubinett Steven M. , Koehler Carla M. , Shirihai Orian S. , Stiles Linsey , Lisberg Aaron , Soatto Stefano , Sadeghi Saman , Ellisman Mark H. , Shackelford David B.
Published: March 2023

Mitochondria are critical to the governance of metabolism and bioenergetics in cancer cells1. The mitochondria form highly organized networks, in which their outer and inner membrane structures define their bioenergetic capacity2,3. However, in vivo studies delineating the relationship between the structural organization of mitochondrial networks and their bioenergetic activity have been limited. Here we present an in vivo structural and functional analysis of mitochondrial networks and bioenergetic phenotypes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using an integrated platform consisting of positron emission tomography imaging, respirometry and three-dimensional scanning block-face electron microscopy. The diverse bioenergetic phenotypes and metabolic dependencies we identified in NSCLC tumours align with distinct structural organization of mitochondrial networks present. Further, we discovered that mitochondrial networks are organized into distinct compartments within tumour cells. In tumours with high rates of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOSHI) and fatty acid oxidation, we identified peri-droplet mitochondrial networks wherein mitochondria contact and surround lipid droplets. By contrast, we discovered that in tumours with low rates of OXPHOS (OXPHOSLO), high glucose flux regulated perinuclear localization of mitochondria, structural remodelling of cristae and mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Our findings suggest that in NSCLC, mitochondrial networks are compartmentalized into distinct subpopulations that govern the bioenergetic capacity of tumours.
Whole-genome doubling drives oncogenic loss of chromatin segregation
Authors: Lambuta Ruxandra A. , Nanni Luca , Liu Yuanlong , Diaz-Miyar Juan , Iyer Arvind , Tavernari Daniele , Katanayeva Natalya , Ciriello Giovanni , Oricchio Elisa
Published: March 2023

Whole-genome doubling (WGD) is a recurrent event in human cancers and it promotes chromosomal instability and acquisition of aneuploidies1–8. However, the three-dimensional organization of chromatin in WGD cells and its contribution to oncogenic phenotypes are currently unknown. Here we show that in p53-deficient cells, WGD induces loss of chromatin segregation (LCS). This event is characterized by reduced segregation between short and long chromosomes, A and B subcompartments and adjacent chromatin domains. LCS is driven by the downregulation of CTCF and H3K9me3 in cells that bypassed activation of the tetraploid checkpoint. Longitudinal analyses revealed that LCS primes genomic regions for subcompartment repositioning in WGD cells. This results in chromatin and epigenetic changes associated with oncogene activation in tumours ensuing from WGD cells. Notably, subcompartment repositioning events were largely independent of chromosomal alterations, which indicates that these were complementary mechanisms contributing to tumour development and progression. Overall, LCS initiates chromatin conformation changes that ultimately result in oncogenic epigenetic and transcriptional modifications, which suggests that chromatin evolution is a hallmark of WGD-driven cancer.
Spatial epigenome–transcriptome co-profiling of mammalian tissues
Authors: Zhang Di , Deng Yanxiang , Kukanja Petra , Agirre Eneritz , Bartosovic Marek , Dong Mingze , Ma Cong , Ma Sai , Su Graham , Bao Shuozhen , Liu Yang , Xiao Yang , Rosoklija Gorazd B. , Dwork Andrew J. , Mann J. John , Leong Kam W. , Boldrini Maura , Wang Liya , Haeussler Maximilian , Raphael Benjamin J. , Kluger Yuval , Castelo-Branco Gonçalo , Fan Rong
Published: March 2023

Emerging spatial technologies, including spatial transcriptomics and spatial epigenomics, are becoming powerful tools for profiling of cellular states in the tissue context1–5. However, current methods capture only one layer of omics information at a time, precluding the possibility of examining the mechanistic relationship across the central dogma of molecular biology. Here, we present two technologies for spatially resolved, genome-wide, joint profiling of the epigenome and transcriptome by cosequencing chromatin accessibility and gene expression, or histone modifications (H3K27me3, H3K27ac or H3K4me3) and gene expression on the same tissue section at near-single-cell resolution. These were applied to embryonic and juvenile mouse brain, as well as adult human brain, to map how epigenetic mechanisms control transcriptional phenotype and cell dynamics in tissue. Although highly concordant tissue features were identified by either spatial epigenome or spatial transcriptome we also observed distinct patterns, suggesting their differential roles in defining cell states. Linking epigenome to transcriptome pixel by pixel allows the uncovering of new insights in spatial epigenetic priming, differentiation and gene regulation within the tissue architecture. These technologies are of great interest in life science and biomedical research.
Fast and sensitive GCaMP calcium indicators for imaging neural populations
Authors: Zhang Yan , Rózsa Márton , Liang Yajie , Bushey Daniel , Wei Ziqiang , Zheng Jihong , Reep Daniel , Broussard Gerard Joey , Tsang Arthur , Tsegaye Getahun , Narayan Sujatha , Obara Christopher J. , Lim Jing-Xuan , Patel Ronak , Zhang Rongwei , Ahrens Misha B. , Turner Glenn C. , Wang Samuel S.-H. , Korff Wyatt L. , Schreiter Eric R. , Svoboda Karel , Hasseman Jeremy P. , Kolb Ilya , Looger Loren L.
Published: March 2023

Calcium imaging with protein-based indicators1,2 is widely used to follow neural activity in intact nervous systems, but current protein sensors report neural activity at timescales much slower than electrical signalling and are limited by trade-offs between sensitivity and kinetics. Here we used large-scale screening and structure-guided mutagenesis to develop and optimize several fast and sensitive GCaMP-type indicators3–8. The resulting ‘jGCaMP8’ sensors, based on the calcium-binding protein calmodulin and a fragment of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, have ultra-fast kinetics (half-rise times of 2 ms) and the highest sensitivity for neural activity reported for a protein-based calcium sensor. jGCaMP8 sensors will allow tracking of large populations of neurons on timescales relevant to neural computation.
Comorbidities and concentration of trace elements in livers of European bison from Bieszczady Mountains (Poland)
Authors: Klich Daniel , Łopucki Rafał , Kaczor Stanisław , Zwolak Iwona , Didkowska Anna , Wiącek Dariusz , Bielecki Wojciech , Perzanowski Kajetan , Wojciechowska Marlena , Olech Wanda
Published: March 2023

European bison is a species for which health monitoring is essential in conservation activities. So far, little research has been carried out on the concentration of elements in this species. Most previous studies did not associate the concentration of elements with susceptibility to diseases. In this study we investigate the relationship between comorbidities in European bison and concentrations of a wide spectrum of elements in the liver. Samples were collected during the monitoring of the European bison population in Bieszczady (southeast Poland) over the 2020–2022 period. Each individual was also visually inspected by a veterinarian in the field for the presence of lesions as a part of a post-mortem examination. The animals were divided into 3 groups: group A—one type of clinical sign; group B—two types of clinical signs; group C—three or more types of clinical signs. The ICP-OES method was applied to assess the concentration of 40 elements in livers. Discriminant analysis showed clear differences between the mineral status of individuals in the groups with one, two, and at least three types of clinical signs. Detailed analysis of selected elements showed that, in the case of eight elements, there was a relationship with age, sex, or comorbidities. Cu, Se, and Zn showed significant differences in relation to comorbidities, but only Cu concentration was lower when the frequency of lesions was higher. We concluded that in research on the mineral status of the population, apart from the availability of trace elements in the environment, the health condition of the studied individuals should also be considered. However, inferring the mineral status of the population on the basis of randomly obtained samples from dead individuals may give an incomplete view of the population, especially in the case of species susceptible to diseases, such as European bison.
Climate change adaptation measures conflicted with the recreational demands on city forests during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Beckmann-Wübbelt Angela , Türk Lynn , Almeida Iulia , Fricke Annika , Sotirov Metodi , Saha Somidh
Published: March 2023

Recurrent droughts in southwest Germany threaten the city and community-owned forests (CCF). At the same time, the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the demand for recreation in CCF of southwest Germany. We interviewed stakeholders from different interest groups to critically analyze their opinion on how the high recreation demand on CCF due to the pandemic can be ensured along with implementing climate change adaptation measures in CCF in Karlsruhe, Germany. We found that stakeholders particularly highlighted the importance of the recreational function of the CCF during the pandemic. However, the behavior of visitors was criticized by the stakeholders. We showed that demand for the recreational use of CCF conflicted with climate change adaptation measures such as sanitary and forest restoration actions, creating a dilemma among stakeholders. Therefore, enhancing citizens’ knowledge of forests’ recreation functions and the need for climate change adaptation through communication and education should be prioritized.
The mean state of the tropical Pacific Ocean differed between the Medieval Warm Period and the Industrial Era
Authors: Jiang Shiwei , Zhou Xin , Sachs Julian P. , Li Zhibo , Tu Luyao , Lin Yiyi , Liu Xuanqiao , Chen Anze , Shen Yanan
Published: March 2023

Changes in the El Niño Southern Oscillation over the last few decades have been linked to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions; however, the sign, magnitude, and drivers of these variations during the Common Era are not yet well constrained. Here, we present an 1800-year reconstruction of the El Niño Southern Oscillation mean-state derived from precipitation reconstructions based on lake sediments in East Asia and examine the long-term changes in the mean state and variance of the tropical Pacific. We find that the Medieval Warm Period was characterized by La Niña-like states with low variance, whereas El Niño-like states prevailed during the Little Ice Age and the Current Warm Period with high variance. Temperature changes caused by effective radiative forcing were probably the drivers of this response during the pre-industrial period, whereas greenhouse gas forcing likely accounts for the variations in the tropical Pacific mean-state during the industrial period.
Carbon nanopores for DNA sequencing: a review on nanopore materials
Authors: Xu Jing , Jiang Xin , Yang Nianjun
Published: March 2023

Herein, we review the recent progress and achievements in carbon nanopore sequencing based on materials, including the selection of carbon nanomaterials, technologies for nanopore formation, and future perspectives of carbon nanopore sequencing.
Anchoring ultra-small molybdenum oxide species on covalent triazine frameworks for efficient electrochemical nitrogen fixation
Authors: Lin Wenwen , Guo Teng , Zhang Zihao , Chen Hao , Lin Gaobo , Liu Yifeng , Yao Siyu , Wang Liang , Li Bolong , Wang Jianghao , Fu Jie , Ouyang Pingkai
Published: March 2023

We report a smart ion-exchange strategy to anchor molybdenum oxide particles on charge-modulated conjugated triazine frameworks (Mo/CTF-I) for electrochemically fixing nitrogen.
Study of pnictides for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Kumar Jayant , Sai Gautam Gopalakrishnan
Published: March 2023

A first principles screening study of pnictides as candidate photovoltaics.
United atom and coarse grained models for crosslinked polydimethylsiloxane with applications to the rheology of silicone fluids
Authors: Khot Aditi , Lindsey Rebecca K. , Lewicki James P. , Maiti Amitesh , Goldman Nir , Kroonblawd Matthew P.
Published: March 2023

Particle-based models of crosslinked PDMS were developed at multiple resolutions for direct numerical simulations of silicone rheological properties and behavior.
Atoms in molecules in real space: a fertile field for chemical bonding
Authors: Martín Pendás Ángel , Francisco Evelio , Suárez Dimas , Costales Aurora , Díaz Natalia , Munárriz Julen , Rocha-Rinza Tomás , Guevara-Vela José Manuel
Published: March 2023

In this Perspective we review some recent advances in the concept of atoms-in-molecules from a real space perspective.
In situstudy of catalytic CO oxidation on ultrathin MgO film supported Pd nanoparticles by sum frequency generation: size and site effects
Authors: Wang Jijin , Ouvrard Aimeric , Zheng Wanquan , Carrez Serge , Ghalgaoui Ahmed , Bourguignon Bernard
Published: March 2023

The roles of site and size of Pd NPs in catalytic CO oxidation are studied byin situSFG spectroscopy. The catalytic reactivity of CO is influenced by both the morphology (edge/facet) of NPs and the lattice mismatch induced Pd–Pd distance change.
Bi2S3nanorods grown on multiwalled carbon nanotubes as highly active catalysts for CO2electroreduction to formate
Authors: Yang Fangfang , Xie Zailai , Huang Xuke , Yin Xiangyang , Zhang Weifeng , Huang Yongkui , Zhang Daijun
Published: March 2023

The maximum FEHCOO−acquired on Bi2S3/CNTs is about 99.3%, and kept over 91% in a wide potential window from −0.71 to −1.31 Vvs.RHE.
Regulating through space charge transfer in thermally activated delayed fluorescence moleculesviadonor architectures: theoretical perspective and molecular design
Authors: Wang Xiaorui , Zou Haipei , Liu Huanling , Mu Qingfang , Zhang Kai , Xu Yuanyuan , Fan Jianzhong
Published: March 2023

First-principles investigation on relationships between structures and luminescent properties for TSCT-based TADF molecules.
The role of solvents and concentrations in the properties of oxime bearing A2B corroles
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Clara B. , Lopes Susana M. M. , Cunha Carla , Braz João , Pinho e Melo Teresa M. V. D. , Seixas de Melo J. Sérgio , Pineiro Marta
Published: March 2023

A comprehensive study on the electronic spectral, photophysical and acid–base properties of phenyl- and methyl-oxime corrole derivatives. Influence of the solvents (THF, DMSO and ACN) and concentration.
Tethering of twisted-fiber artificial muscles
Authors: Leng Xueqi , Mei Guangkai , Zhang Guanghao , Liu Zunfeng , Zhou Xiang
Published: March 2023

This review summarizes the recent progress in twisted-fiber artificial muscles with different methods for preserving the torque and the inserted twist, and explores the relevant applications.
Less is more: a perspective on thinning lithium metal towards high-energy-density rechargeable lithium batteries
Authors: Wu Wangyan , Luo Wei , Huang Yunhui
Published: March 2023

This review provides a systematic analysis on the mechanism, fabrication technologies, applications, challenges and future opportunities of applying thin Li for advanced batteries.
Blood quality evaluation via on-chip classification of cell morphology using a deep learning algorithm
Authors: Yang Yuping , He Hong , Wang Junju , Chen Li , Xu Yi , Ge Chuang , Li Shunbo
Published: March 2023

Microfluidic technology and a deep learning model are combined to automatically recognize and classify RBCs with different morphologies.
Natural coal gangue as a stable catalyst to activate persulfate: tetracycline hydrochloride degradation and its explored mechanism
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Zhao Rongbo , Liu Zhiliang , Su Yiguo , Du Chunfang
Published: March 2023

The surface-bonded hydroxyl groups on CG play the dominant role in PS activation and TC removal.
Distinct profiles of oxylipid mediators in liver, lung, and placenta after maternal nano-TiO2 nanoparticle inhalation exposure
Authors: Harris Todd R. , Griffith Julie A. , Clarke Colleen E. C. , Garner Krista L. , Bowdridge Elizabeth C. , DeVallance Evan , Engles Kevin J. , Batchelor Thomas P. , Goldsmith William T. , Wix Kim , Nurkiewicz Timothy R. , Rand Amy A.
Published: March 2023

A LC-MS/MS based platform is used to gain a global perspective on shifts in oxylipids, signaling molecules derived from dietary lipids that modulate the inflammatory response, after nano-TiO2 inhalation exposure.
Multiparameter mobile blood analysis for complete blood count using contrast-enhanced defocusing imaging and machine vision
Authors: Chen Duan , Li Ning , Zeng Shaoqun , Lv Xiaohua , Chen Li , Liu Xiuli , Hu Qinglei
Published: March 2023

A blood analyzer that overcomes the challenge of achieving mobile five-part leucocyte differential and erythrocyte analysis using a miniature microscope and machine vision.
Broadband cavity enhanced UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy for picolitre liquid samples
Authors: Fermor-Worth Imogen M. , Chimerel Catalin
Published: March 2023

An absorption spectrometer for small volume liquid analysis with a cavity that increases sensitivity in a broad UV-VIS range.
Convergent synthesis of triarylamines via Ni-catalyzed dual C(sp2)–H amination from benzamides with benzohydroxamic acids
Authors: Li Wenwei , Wang Ruxue , Li Zhefeng , Chen Jiuxi , Zhang Yuhong , Lv Ningning
Published: March 2023

A nickel-catalyzed dual C(sp2)–H amination of N-quinolylbenzamides using broad-spectrum hydroxylamine as the amino source is developed for the selective synthesis of triarylamines in a single-step manner.
Derivatization of sumanenetrione through Lewis acid-mediated Suzuki–Miyaura coupling and an unprecedented ring opening
Authors: Han Junyi , Uetake Yuta , Yakiyama Yumi , Sakurai Hidehiro
Published: March 2023

A series of sumanenetrione derivatives were synthesized through Lewis acid-mediated Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling. They reflected the strong electron-accepting ability of sumanenetrione and the 2-hydroxyphenyl one caused ring open.
Regioselective synthesis of phenanthridine-fused quinazolinones using a 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium perchlorate photocatalyst
Authors: Bhanja Rosalin , Bera Shyamal Kanti , Mal Prasenjit
Published: March 2023

We report an intramolecular C–N coupling using a Mes-Acr-MeClO4 photocatalyst for the regioselective synthesis of 14H-quinazolino[3,2-f]phenanthridin-14-one. Control experiments helped to establish the radical mechanism.
Flux-assisted polytypism in the [Na2Cl]GaQ2 heterolayered salt-inclusion chalcogenide family
Authors: Berseneva Anna A. , Klepov Vladislav V. , Tisdale Hunter B. , zur Loye Hans-Conrad
Published: March 2023

Via flux-assisted synthesis, we discovered three novel salt-inclusion materials, t-[Na2Cl]GaS2, o-[Na2Cl0.9I0.1]GaSe2, and t-[Na2Cl0.9I0.1]GaSe2, and two new selenides, Na2GaSe3 and Na4Ga2Se5, by changing the flux from NaCl/NaI to NaBr/NaI, respectively.
Molecular dynamic simulations of the liquid structure and fast growth of Y3Al5O12
Authors: Zhang Xianjie , Liu Feng , Chen Kunfeng , Zhuang Guilin , Peng Chao , Xue Dongfeng
Published: March 2023

Comparing with YAG crystal, coordination number of oxygen ions for both Al3+ and Y3+ dropped and bond length between cations and anions shortened after melting. These two phenomena can be understood systematically with Pauling's third rule.
Single atom modified two-dimensional bismuthenes for toxic gas detection
Authors: Chen An , Han Yanqiang , Wang Zhilong , Cai Junfei , Ye Simin , Li Jinjin
Published: March 2023

Single atom modified bismuthenes show high sensitivity to toxic gas (H2S) and have ultra-fast recovery time, which is suitable for the preparation of room-temperature gas detection devices.
Disaggregation-induced resurgence of quenched emission of a self-assembled bis-indole system: photophysics, energetics, and dynamics
Authors: Paul Provakar , Samanta Saikat , Chatterjee Arunavo , Mallick Arabinda , Majumdar Tapas
Published: March 2023

A simple, effective, and biologically benign strategy for the disaggregation of 3,3′-bisindolyl(phenyl)methane self-assemblies is presented for emission recovery, where β-CD is employed as the molecular modulator of probe fluorescence.
Effect of flake silver-plated copper particles on the property enhancement of electrically conductive adhesives
Authors: Cheng Na , Sun Zhi , Yu Xiaohui , Yu Qianzhen , Zhao Jianwei
Published: March 2023

This work reported a new method of using the displacement method to prepare flake Cu@Ag particles, and then mixing them with epoxy resin to obtain ECAs with higher conductivity and shear strength.
Efficient sampling of molecular orientations for Cu(ii)-based DEER on protein labels
Authors: Hasanbasri Zikri , Moriglioni Nicholas A. , Saxena Sunil
Published: March 2023

In silicoapproach optimizes the acquisition scheme for the measurement of distance constraints using rigid Cu(ii) labels. Such measurements are incisive probes of protein structure and dynamics.
Catalytic assembly of symmetric diblock copolymers in a thin film: a dissipative particle dynamics simulation study
Authors: Chen Tongwei , Zhang Yunhan , Xiao Shiyan , Yao Dongbao , Jiang Wei , Liang Haojun
Published: March 2023

A small molecule, as a catalytic assembler, can promote the assembly of a diblock polymer in a thin film into an ordered structure.
Correction: Noncovalent wedging effect catalyzed the cis to syn transformation of a surface-adsorbed polymer backbone toward an unusual thermodynamically stable supramolecular product
Authors: Liu Zhi-Xuan , Yang Ling , Chen Yong-Gang , Tian Zhi-Yuan , Yang Zhi-Yong
Published: March 2023

Correction for ‘Noncovalent wedging effect catalyzed the cis to syn transformation of a surface-adsorbed polymer backbone toward an unusual thermodynamically stable supramolecular product’ by Zhi-Xuan Liu et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2022, 24, 30010–30016, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CP04184G.
Accessing secondary amine containing fine chemicals and polymers with an earth-abundant hydroaminoalkylation catalyst
Authors: Manßen Manfred , Scott Sabrina S. , Deng Danfeng , Zheng Cameron H. M. , Schafer Laurel L.
Published: March 2023

Titanium-catalyzed hydroaminoalkylation has emerged as an atom-economical, earth-abundant synthesis of N-containing products.
Progress in the biosynthesis of bio-based PET and PEF polyester monomers
Authors: Cui Yanan , Deng Chen , Fan Liqiang , Qiu Yongjun , Zhao Liming
Published: March 2023

This critical review covers advances in the preparation of the important polyester monomers terephthalic acid (TPA), 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), and ethylene glycol (EG), with particular focus on biocatalytic approaches.
Composite membranes based on self-crosslinking polyelectrolyte-wrapped ZIF-8/CNT nanoparticles for solar steam evaporation
Authors: Zhu Yingying , Lan Hongyu , He Panpan , Zhu Xiangwei , Gong Jiang , Dong Zhiyue , Zeng Minghua
Published: March 2023

The suitably hydrophobic feature of ZIF-8 channels was used as water transmission path in ZCP-x membranes to reduce the water evaporation enthalpy. These membranes show high evaporation rate and efficiency for solar-thermal desalination performance.
Controlled synthesis of Cu-MOF possessing peroxidase-mimetic activity for the colorimetric detection of tetracycline in aqueous solution
Authors: Nehra Monika , Kumar Rajesh , Dilbaghi Neeraj , Kumar Sandeep
Published: March 2023

Peroxidase-mimetic activity of highly crystalline Cu-MOF helps in sensitive and selective colorimetric detection of tetracycline.
Silver-ion-passivated black phosphorus photodetectors to improve the response time
Authors: Zuo Huilin , Bai Jing , Wang Chenglin , Ni Junhao , Ding Yang , Pan Bingyu , Cai Zhengyang , Xiao Shaoqing , Gu Xiaofeng , Zhang Xiumei , Nan Haiyan
Published: March 2023

Black phosphorus following treatment with silver nitrate solution shows a remarkable improvement in the photoresponse time because Ag+ adsorption helps to reduce the defect concentration in it.
One-step solvothermal synthesis of the bimetallic Zr/Ce-UiO-67 metal–organic framework: a visible-light-activated photocatalyst for Cr(vi) detoxification
Authors: Darabi Goudarzi Moein , Bigham Sabouti Mahsa , Khosroshahi Negin , Safarifard Vahid
Published: March 2023

The Zr/Ce-UiO-67 photocatalyst is used for the efficient removal of inorganic pollutants through exposure to visible-light irradiation.
Discovery of SrZn2B6O12with an unprecedented quadruple-layered configuration
Authors: Long Xiangyu , Lv Yan , Wu Xueyan
Published: March 2023

A new borate, SrZn2B6O12, is found to show a quadruple-layered configuration. This rare quadruple-layer is stacked by two2[Zn2B6O12]∞double-layers that are constructed by two single-layers of2[B4O7]∞and2[Zn2B2O4]∞.
Piezo-phototronic effect regulated broadband photoresponse of a-Ga2O3/ZnO heterojunction
Authors: Wang Jiantao , Zhou Yan , Wang Zihan , Wang Boying , Li Yongqiu , Wu Banghao , Hao Chunlin , Zhang Yaju , Zheng Haiwu
Published: March 2023

A flexible a-Ga2O3/ZnO heterojunction photodetector demonstrates a broadband response range from the deep ultraviolet (265 nm) to the near-infrared (1060 nm) and a bidirectional adjustable photocurrent response via the piezo-phototronic effect.
The biodistribution of placental and fetal extracellular vesicles during pregnancy following placentation
Authors: Kang Matthew , Blenkiron Cherie , Chamley Lawrence W.
Published: March 2023

Human pregnancy is a highly orchestrated process requiring extensive cross-talk between the mother and the fetus. Extracellular vesicles released by the fetal tissue, particularly the placenta, are recognized as important mediators of this process. More recently, the importance of placental extracellular vesicle biodistribution studies in animal models has received increasing attention as identifying the organs to which extracellular vesicles are targeted to helps us understand more about this communication system. Placental extracellular vesicles are categorized based on their size into macro-, large-, and small-extracellular vesicles, and their biodistribution is dependent on the extracellular vesicle’s particle size, the direction of blood flow, the recirculation of blood, as well as the retention capacity in organs. Macro-extracellular vesicles are exclusively localized to the lungs, while large- and small-extracellular vesicles show high levels of distribution to the lungs and liver, while there is inconsistency in the reporting of distribution to the spleen and kidneys. This inconsistency may be due to the differences in the methodologies employed between studies and their limitations. Future studies should incorporate analysis of placental extracellular vesicle biodistribution at the macroscopic level on whole animals and organs/tissues, as well as the microscopic cellular level.
The Effects of Cognitive Rehabilitation on Pragmatic Language in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Vogel Samantha , Ciccia Angela H.
Published: March 2023

Purpose:

This meta-analysis addressed the research question: In adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI), does cognitive rehabilitation improve pragmatic language?

Method:

Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted to identify empirical studies that met inclusion criteria including (a) adults (18 years and older) with TBI, (b) a cognitive-based intervention, and (c) reported quantitative pragmatic language outcome measures data. A meta-analysis was conducted on pragmatic language outcome measures. Cohen'sdand a 95% confidence interval were used to evaluate the intervention effect.

Results:

After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria to 640 eligible papers, six studies (N= 76 participants combined across articles) remained. Results showed that cognitive rehabilitation targeting skills used in communication has a large, positive effect (Cohen'sd= 0.89 [0.54,1.24]) on improving pragmatic language abilities in adults with TBI.

Conclusions:

This meta-analysis provides evidence that cognitive rehabilitative protocols created in collaboration with speech-language pathologists (SLPs) have a significant impact on improving pragmatic language abilities of adults with TBI. This is important for SLPs to consider when determining a treatment approach when working with adults diagnosed with a TBI who have deficits in the area of pragmatic language.
Fully passive noise‐shaping successive approximation register analog‐to‐digital converter realizing 2 × gain without capacitor stacking
Authors: Zou Xingshuai , Liu Jiaxin , Li Qiang
Published: March 2023

The fully passive noise shaping (NS) successive approximation register (SAR) analog‐to‐digital converters (ADCs) are simple, operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) free and scaling friendly. Previous passive NS‐SAR ADCs rely on the multi‐path‐input comparator or capacitors stacking to realize the passive gain for compensating the signal attenuation during passive integration. However, the former causes high comparator power consumption, and the latter suffers from additional signal attenuation due to the parasitics and is hard to extend to high‐order systems. This work proposes a new fully passive NS‐SAR technique, it can realize 2 × gain with a simple structure, leading to the reduced comparator power, and less parasitics. This technique is also easy to extend to high‐order NS‐SAR ADCs.
Another X-ray UFO without a momentum-boosted molecular outflow
Authors: Bonanomi Francesca , Cicone Claudia , Severgnini Paola , Braito Valentina , Vignali Cristian , Reeves James N. , Sirressi Mattia , Montoya Arroyave Isabel , Della Ceca Roberto , Ballo Lucia , Dotti Massimo
Published: March 2023

We present Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA) CO(1–0) observations of the nearby infrared luminous (LIRG) galaxy pair IRAS 05054+1718 (also known as CGCG 468-002), as well as a new analysis of X-ray data of this source collected between 2012 and 2021 using the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR), Swift, and the XMM-Newton satellites. The western component of the pair, NED01, hosts a Seyfert 1.9 nucleus that is responsible for launching a powerful X-ray ultra-fast outflow (UFO). Our X-ray spectral analysis suggests that the UFO could be variable or multi-component in velocity, ranging from v/c ∼ −0.12 (as seen in Swift) to v/c ∼ −0.23 (as seen in NuSTAR), and constrains its momentum flux to be ṗoutX−ray ∼ (4 ± 2) × 1034 g cm s−2. The ALMA CO(1–0) observations, obtained with an angular resolution of 2.2″, although targeting mainly NED01, also include the eastern component of the pair, NED02, a less-studied LIRG with no clear evidence of an active galactic nucleus (AGN). We study the CO(1–0) kinematics in the two galaxies using the 3D-BAROLO code. In both sources we can model the bulk of the CO(1–0) emission with rotating disks and, after subtracting the best-fit models, we detect compact residual emission at S/N = 15 within ∼3 kpc of the centre. A molecular outflow in NED01, if present, cannot be brighter than such residuals, implying an upper limit on its outflow rate of Ṁoutmol ≲ 19 ± 14 M⊙ yr−1 and on its momentum rate of ṗoutmol ≲ (2.7 ± 2.4) × 1034 g cm s−1. Combined with the revised energetics of the X-ray wind, we derive an upper limit on the momentum rate ratio of ṗoutmol/ṗoutX−ray < 0.67. We discuss these results in the context of the expectations of AGN feedback models, and we propose that the X-ray disk wind in NED01 has not significantly impacted the molecular gas reservoir (yet), and we can constrain its effect to be much smaller than expectations of AGN ‘energy-driven’ feedback models. We also consider and discuss the hypothesis of asymmetries of the molecular disk not properly captured by the 3D-BAROLO code. Our results highlight the challenges in testing the predictions of popular AGN disk-wind feedback theories, even in the presence of good-quality multi-wavelength observations.
Enquête autour des émotions ressenties par les étudiants lors de la réalisation d’un geste courant en odontologie chez les patients enfants et adultes
Authors: Vairon Ophélie , offner Damien , Maniere Marie-Cécile , Strub Marion
Published: March 2023

Contexte : Les émotions ressenties par les étudiants en chirurgie dentaire pendant les stages cliniques peuvent influencer leur motivation, leur engagement au travail, leur santé mentale et physique et leurs apprentissages, dans le bon comme dans le mauvais sens. But : L’objectif principal de cette étude était d’évaluer la charge émotionnelle des étudiants pendant la réalisation d’un soin courant chez un enfant et chez un adulte. Méthode : Une étude prospective descriptive a été menée auprès d’étudiants de 5e année volontaires (n = 143). Un questionnaire portant sur les émotions ressenties était complété immédiatement après chaque avulsion dentaire réalisée par un étudiant. Nous les avons interrogés sur la confiance en soi, la satisfaction au travail ou encore l’anxiété à différentes étapes de la consultation. Résultats : Soigner des enfants est une source d’anxiété pour les étudiants. Ils se sentent moins confiants et éprouvent des difficultés pour communiquer avec les jeunes enfants qu’on retrouve nettement moins face à des patients adultes. La disponibilité des superviseurs et le travail en binôme sont quant à eux des facteurs rassurants. Conclusion : La dentisterie pédiatrique est une discipline stressante pour les étudiants, avec un panel d’émotions spécifiques qui pourrait expliquer le peu d’attrait de la discipline.
Korrektur von Fingerdeformitäten
Authors: Biehl Christoph , Biehl Lotta , Heinrich Martin , Heiß Christian , Schäfer Christoph
Published: March 2023

Deformitäten der Langfinger sind neben „Rheumaknoten“ die
auffälligsten Veränderungen einer bestehenden Rheumatoiden
Arthritis. Die Therapie beinhaltet neben der medikamentösen Einstellung
der Patienten konservative Maßnahmen, in deren Mittelpunkt die
Ergotherapie steht. Neben konservativen und interventionellen Versorgungen
sollte die Synovialektomie zu einem frühen Zeitpunkt erwogen werden, um
die Gelenke langfristig zu schützen. Bei fortgeschrittenen
Deformitäten müssen periartikuläre Strukturen in der
Operation adressiert werden, um Funktionsdefizite so gering wie möglich
zu halten. Gleichzeitig ist auf Grund der Dynamik der Grunderkrankung immer mit
einer Progredienz und erneuten Operationen zu rechnen. Eine einzelne für
ein Gelenk spezifische operative Maßnahme existiert nicht, vielmehr gilt
es die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten und erforderliche Alternativen in der
Planung zu berücksichtigen, um diese in der Operation entsprechend dem
Ziel durchführen zu können.
„Hilflosigkeit, das Abgeben jeglicher Selbstverantwortung und Selbstbestimmtheit“ – eine qualitative Auswertung von traumatisierenden Geburtserlebnissen in Relation zum Geburtsmodus
Authors: Hüner Beate , Schmiedhofer Martina , Derksen Christina , Polasik Arkadius , Janni Wolfgang , Reister Frank , Lippke Sonia
Published: March 2023

Hintergrund Eine Geburt verbindet emotionale Herausforderungen mit individuellen Ängsten. Unerwartete Geburtsverläufe können Stressreaktionen bis hin zu posttraumatischen Belastungsstörungen auslösen.Ziel der Studie Das Ziel der Studie war die qualitative Beschreibung von belastend wahrgenommenen Geburtserlebnissen und gewünschten Maßnahmen nach traumatisierenden Geburtserlebnisse.Methodik Es wurde eine inhaltsanalytische Auswertung von 117 Freitextantworten zu belastenden Geburtserlebnissen und gewünschten Maßnahmen anhand von Kategorien und Häufigkeiten in Relation zum Geburtsmodus vorgenommen.Ergebnisse Fünf Themen wurden herausgearbeitet: (1) Belastende Erfahrungen aufgrund von Ängsten um das Kind und die Trennung vom Kind vor allem nach einer Notsectio, (2) als unzulänglich erfahrene Kommunikation nach operativ vaginalen Geburten und sekundären Sectiones, (3) Gefühle von Versagen und Schuld nach allen ungeplanten Geburtsmodi, (4) Hilflosigkeit aufgrund des erlebten Kontrollverlustes und Ausgeliefertsein nach einer Notsectio sowie (5) Subjektiv ungünstige Versorgung durch mangelnde Empathie oder fehlende Betreuung. Als gewünschte Maßnahmen wurden genannt: unmittelbare Nachbesprechungen des Geburtserlebens mit dem beteiligten Personal sowie das Angebot professioneller psychologischer Unterstützung.Schlussfolgerung Frauenzentrierte Kommunikation insbesondere bei ungeplanten Geburtsverläufen und Nachbesprechungen von belastenden Geburtsverläufen sind bedeutsame Maßnahmen zur Stärkung des mütterlichen Wohlbefindens und der psychischen Gesundheit. Sie können einen positiven Einfluss auf die Entwicklung einer gesunden Mutter-Kind-Beziehung nehmen.
A Randomized Trial of the Effects of Ambient Operating Room Temperature on Neonatal Morbidity
Authors: Ambia Anne M. , Duryea Elaine L. , Wyckoff Myra H. , Tao Weike , McIntire Donald D. , Seasely Angela R. , Moussa Moussa , Leveno Kenneth J.
Published: March 2023

Objective Newborn hypothermia has been implicated in neonatal morbidity without randomized evidence that it compromises the infant. Our objective was to determine if a difference in operating room temperature at cesarean birth impacts neonatal morbidity.

Study Design Women undergoing cesarean delivery of a liveborn infant without major malformations were included. The institutional preexisting operating room temperature of 20°C (67°F) was compared with an experimental group of 24°C (75°F) by cluster randomization assigned on a weekly basis. Newborn hypothermia was defined as axillary temperature on arrival to the nursery of less than 36.5°C (<97.7°F). The primary outcome was a composite of neonatal morbidity including respiratory support, sepsis, hypoglycemia, and neonatal death.

Results Between November 2016 and May 2018, 5,221 women had cesarean deliveries at Parkland Hospital with 2,817 randomized to the standard care group and 2,404 to the experimental group. The rate of neonatal composite morbidity did not differ between the groups: standard care 398 (14%) versus experimental 378 (16%), p = 0.11. This was despite a significant decrease in the rate of neonatal hypothermia: standard care 1,195 (43%) versus experimental 414 (18%), p < 0.001. There was no difference in the composite outcome for preterm infants (<37 wk) between the groups: standard care 194 (49%) versus experimental 185 (54%), p = 0.25.

Conclusion An 8°F increase in operating room temperature was significantly associated with a reduced rate of neonatal hypothermia, although this decrease was not associated with a significant improvement in neonatal morbidity. However, the increase in operating room temperature was met with resistance from obstetricians and operating room personnel. This trial is registered (registration no.: NCT03008577).
Antenatal Hospital Use among Deaf and Hard of Hearing Women
Authors: McKee Michael M. , Zhang Jianying , Akobirshoev Ilhom , McKee Kimberly , Mitra Monika
Published: March 2023

Objective Hearing loss is increasingly prevalent among younger adults, impacting health and health care use. Deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) women have a higher risk of chronic diseases, pregnancy complications, and adverse birth outcomes compared with hearing women. Health care utilization patterns during the perinatal period remain not well understood. The objective of this study was to examine differences in antenatal emergency department and inpatient utilization among DHH and non-DHH women.

Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study design to analyze 2002 to 2013 Massachusetts Pregnancy to Early Life Longitudinal data to compare antenatal inpatient and emergency department use between DHH (N = 925) and hearing (N = 2,895) women with singleton deliveries. Matching was done based on delivery year, age at delivery, and birth parity in 1:3 case–control ratio. Demographic, socioeconomic, clinical, and hospital characteristics were first compared for DHH mothers and the matched control group using chi-squared tests and t-tests. Multivariable models were adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.

Results Among DHH women (N = 925), 49% had at least one emergency department visit, 19% had an observational stay, and 14% had a nondelivery hospital stay compared with 26, 14, and 6%, respectively, among hearing women (N = 28,95) during the antenatal period (all ps < 0.001). The risk of nondelivery emergency department visits (risk ratio [RR] 1.58; p < 0.001) and inpatient stays (RR = 1.89; p < 0.001) remained higher among DHH women compared with hearing women even after adjustment. Having four or more antenatal emergency department visits (7 vs. 2%) and two or more nondelivery hospital stays (4 vs. 0.4%) were more common among pregnant DHH women compared with their controls (all p-values < 0.001).

Conclusion The findings demonstrate that DHH women use emergency departments and inpatient services at a significantly higher rate than their hearing controls during the antenatal period. A systematic investigation of the mechanisms for these findings are needed.

Key Points
Platelet Indices: Universally Available Clinical Adjunct for Diagnosing Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Kasirer Yair , Shchors Irina , Hammerman Cathy , Bin-Nun Alona
Published: March 2023

Objective Platelet function parameters can be predictive of several adult diseases and their severity. However, few studies report on the association between platelet indices and neonatal diseases, specifically necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). The objective of this study is to investigate whether platelet indices are associated with NEC diagnosis and NEC-related mortality.

Study Design We retrospectively examined records from infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit with a diagnosis of NEC, verified by the presence of pneumatosis on X-ray or pathology at surgery. We compared them with an age-matched group of prematures without NEC. We investigated platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width and red cell distribution width to platelet ratio (RPR) and delta platelets from birth to the time of NEC diagnosis or day of life 14 in the control group.

Results Sixty-nine infants with NEC and 78 control infants were studied. Basic sociodemographic data were similar in both groups. All platelet parameters measured—except for MPV—were significantly associated with NEC diagnosis. Although MPV was not associated with the diagnosis of NEC (p = 0.800), it was significantly associated with NEC-related mortality (p < 0.001). Only total platelet count and RPR were significantly associated with both NEC diagnosis (p < 0.0001) and mortality (p = 0.04 and 0.01, respectively). On multivariable analysis only the change in platelet count from birth to time of diagnosis remained significant.

Conclusion While not definitive, this study demonstrates that these routinely available, inexpensive, and easily calculated platelet indices can provide a clinical adjunct in the often-elusive attempts to definitively diagnose NEC in preterm neonates.

Key Points
Parental Perceptions of Counseling Regarding Interpregnancy Interval after Stillbirth or Neonatal Death
Authors: Gibbins Karen J. , Heuser Cara C.
Published: March 2023

Objective Although guidelines exist regarding optimal interpregnancy interval (IPI) after live birth, both optimal IPI and counseling regarding recommended IPI (rIPI) after stillbirth or neonatal death is not well established. Our goal was to describe the counseling bereaved parents receive regarding IPI, parents' reactions to that counseling, and actual IPI after loss.

Study Design Bereaved parents who had a previous pregnancy result in stillbirth or neonatal death participated in a web-based survey. Questions included demographics, details of stillbirth or neonatal death, IPI counseling, and pregnancy after loss. Demographic information, rIPI, and ac'tual IPI were reported using descriptive statistics. The Wilcoxon's rank sum test was used to test the association between rIPI and mode of delivery. The Spearman's correlation was used to test the association between rIPI and maternal age.

Results A total of 275 surveys were analyzed. Mean gestational age of stillbirth delivery was 33.1 (standard deviation: 6.6) weeks. A total of 29% delivered via cesarean. Median rIPI was 6 (interquartile ratio [IQR]: 2–9) months, with the primary reason for IPI reported as the need to heal (74%). Delivery via cesarean was associated with longer rIPI, 9 versus 4.2 months (p < 0.0001). Maternal age was not associated with rIPI. Of 144 people who pursued pregnancy again, median time until attempting conception was 3.5 (IQR: 2–6) months. Median actual IPI was 6 (IQR: 4–10) months.

Conclusion Bereaved parents receive a wide range of counseling regarding rIPI. The majority receive rIPI and pursue actual IPI shorter than current national and international recommendations for optimal IPI.

Key Points