bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uranium Price Expectations and Stabilization Policy Formation in the Manhattan Project: An Institutional Economics Approach
Authors: Mendoza España Alberto D'Ansi
Published: September 2022

Governments, and uranium producers and buyers assess policy implications for uranium markets by understanding the price of uranium and the role of government policy over time. To understand the key elements in the formation of price and policy in uranium markets, this study uses the institutional economics method to investigate the institutional arrangements used for procuring uranium in the Manhattan Project (1942–1946). Throughout this period, the formation of price expectations was bounded by the opportunities to receive revenue from selling uranium ore as a by-product and as a main product. In regards to policy formation, price expectations were guided by the need to secure ore for customers, to secure income stability for producers, and to maintain competitive conditions in establishing price stabilization as the main policy. Similar pricing rules and concerns with price stabilization were adopted throughout the uranium market history. These recurring similarities in customs, which are understood through the underlying competitive behavior, are expected to be adapted to contemporary trends, such as global climate change, the joint ownership of mines, and the creation of the Low Enriched Uranium Bank. The contemporary trends represent the new negotiating circumstances for uranium market participants. Therefore, elements in understanding the formation of pricing and price stabilization policy during the Manhattan Project may be adapted to frame future assessments of uranium markets as participants consider advanced nuclear reactors and various nuclear fuel cycles as an option in adapting to contemporary trends.
High-Precision Trajectory Tracking Control of a Multifrequency Whirling Orbit Using Adaptive Feedforward Cancellation for the Efficient Experimental Estimation of Fluid Force
Authors: Ota Atsuhiro , Yabui Shota , Inoue Tsuyoshi , Heya Akira
Published: September 2022

In recent years, there has been a demand for turbomachinery with increasing speed, pressure, and compactness owing to the increasing demand for high output and efficiency. Consequently, various shaft vibration problems have become apparent. The rotor dynamic (RD) forces are one of the causes of these axial vibrations, which can lead to instability of the rotor system. To ensure the reliability of turbomachinery, the effect of RD fluid force should be analyzed at the design stage. In this study, high-precision tracking control of a complex orbit was analyzed using an experimental approach, and a highly efficient and low-dispersion estimation of the RD fluid force was achieved. The target was a parallel annular seal, and an experimental system was developed to control the rotor position using a piezo-electric actuator. Using the adaptive feedforward cancellation (AFC), we suppressed the periodic disturbance caused by rotation, whirling, and disturbances, such as noise that existed uniformly at all frequencies. Thus, a high-precision tracking control with an orbit tracking error of approximately 1 μm was achieved. The RD fluid force was estimated from the output signal of the AFC during high-precision tracking control, and the RD coefficient was calculated using spectral analysis. Consequently, a highly accurate RD fluid force estimation with reduced dispersion was achieved. In addition, a multifrequency orbit control and RD fluid force estimation method were developed to improve the efficiency of the RD force estimation, which agreed well with the results of a single-frequency orbit.
A basic protocol for the acoustic characterization of small and medium-sized classrooms
Authors: Astolfi Arianna , Minelli Greta , Puglisi Giuseppina Emma
Published: September 2022

To promote a fast and effective characterization of the sound environment in small and medium-sized classrooms, a basic measurement protocol, based on a minimum number of parameters and positions, is provided. Measurements were taken in 29 occupied classrooms belonging to 13 primary schools in Turin, Italy, that differ in location and typology. The background noise level was acquired during silent and group activities, and the reverberation time, speech clarity, useful-to-detrimental ratio and speech level, were acquired along the main axis of each classroom and in one or two offset positions. To reduce the number of measured parameters that can be used to fully characterize classroom acoustics, data were divided into two groups on the basis of a cutoff value of maximum occupied reverberation time in the case of moderate and severe requirements. Given the strong correlation among the quantities, thresholds were identified for the other acoustical parameters, and their accuracy and precision were tested to assess their ability to classify the acoustic quality as compliant or non-compliant. Results suggest that more convenient parameters, like clarity in the central position of the classroom, can be used instead of reverberation time to classify classroom acoustics.
Fetal macrophages assist in the repair of ruptured amnion through the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Kawamura Yosuke , Mogami Haruta , Yasuda Eriko , Takakura Masahito , Matsuzaka Yu , Ueda Yusuke , Inohaya Asako , Kawasaki Kaoru , Chigusa Yoshitsugu , Mandai Masaki , Kondoh Eiji
Published: September 2022

The premature rupture of the amniotic sac, a condition referred to as a preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (pPROM), is a leading cause of preterm birth. In some cases, these ruptured membranes heal spontaneously. Here, we investigated repair mechanisms of the amnion, a layer of epithelial cells in the amniotic sac closest to the embryo. Macrophages migrated to and resided at rupture sites in both human and mouse amnion. A process called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), in which epithelial cells acquire a mesenchymal phenotype and which is implicated in tissue repair, was observed at rupture sites. In dams bearing macrophage-depleted fetuses, the repair of amnion ruptures was compromised, and EMT was rarely detected at rupture sites. The migration of cultured amnion epithelial cells in wound healing assays was mediated by EMT through transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β)–Smad signaling. These findings suggest that fetal macrophages are crucial in amnion repair because of their ability to induce EMT in amnion epithelial cells.
Identification of Host Factors Differentially Induced by Clinically Diverse Strains of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus
Authors: Goonawardane Niluka , Upstone Laura , Harris Mark , Jones Ian M.
Published: September 2022

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is an emerging virus of the flavivirus family that is spread by ticks and causes neurological disease of various severity. No specific therapeutic treatments are available for TBE, and control in areas of endemicity is limited to vaccination.
Reduced and Nonreduced Genomes in
Paraburkholderia
Symbionts of Social Amoebas
Authors: Noh Suegene , Capodanno Benjamin J. , Xu Songtao , Hamilton Marisa C. , Strassmann Joan E. , Queller David C.
Published: September 2022

Protists are a diverse group of typically single cell eukaryotes. Bacteria and archaea that form long-term symbiotic relationships with protists may evolve in additional ways than those in relationships with multicellular eukaryotes such as plants, animals, or fungi.
Transcriptomic Analysis of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Underlying the Wrinkly and Smooth Phenotypes
Authors: Wu Qimin , Li Xue , Zhang Tingting , Zhang Miaomiao , Xue Xingfan , Yang Wenhui , Hu Lingfei , Yin Zhe , Zhou Dongsheng , Sun Yuyu , Lu Renfei , Zhang Yiquan
Published: September 2022

We showed that
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
was able to naturally and reversibly switch between wrinkly and smooth phenotypes and disclosed the gene expression profiles related to wrinkly-smooth switching, showing that the significantly differentially expressed genes between the two colony morphology phenotypes were involved in various biological behaviors, including virulence factor production, biofilm formation, metabolism, adaptation, and colonization.
Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of intranasal or intravenous administration of nalbuphine in infants
Authors: Pfiffner Miriam , Gotta Verena , Pfister Marc , Vonbach Priska , Berger-Olah Eva
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Intranasal nalbuphine could be a safe, efficacious and non-invasive alternative to parenteral pain medication in infants. We aimed to assess pharmacokinetics (PK) and tolerability of intranasal and intravenous nalbuphine administration in infants.

Methods

Prospective open-label study including infants 1–3 months of age admitted to the emergency department, receiving nalbuphine for procedural pain management. Patients were alternately allocated to a single nalbuphine dose of 0.05 mg/kg intravenously or 0.1 mg/kg intranasally. Nalbuphine PK samples were collected 15, 30 and 120–180 min after dosing. Area under the concentration time curve (AUC0-Tlast) was calculated by non-compartmental analysis (NCA) and compared by Wilcoxon test. Neonatal Infant Pain Score was assessed during nalbuphine administration and the following interventions: venous access, urinary catheterisation, lumbar puncture.

Results

Out of 52 study subjects receiving nalbuphine, 31 were eligible for NCA (11 intravenous, 20 intranasal). Median AUC0-Tlastafter 0.05 mg/kg intravenously was 8.7 (IQR: 8.0–18.6) µg×L/hour vs 7.6 (5.4–10.4) µg×L/hour after intranasal administration of 0.1 mg/kg (p=0.091). Maximum serum concentration (Cmax) was observed 30 min after intranasal administration (3.5–5.6 µg/L). During intravenous and intranasal nalbuphine administration, mild to no pain was recorded in 71% and 67% of study subjects, respectively.

Conclusion

This is the first study investigating intranasal administration of nalbuphine in infants suggesting an intranasal bioavailability close to 50%. Non-invasive intranasal application was well tolerated. Additional studies are warranted to optimise dosing and timing of interventions as Cmaxis delayed by half an hour after intranasal administration.

Trial registration number

NCT03059511.
New, long-term opioid use after lung cancer surgery is associated with reduced 2-year survival: a retrospective population-based cohort study in South Korea
Authors: Oh Tak Kyu , Kim Hyeong Geun , Song In-Ae
Published: September 2022

Introduction

We aimed to investigate the proportion and associated factors for new long-term opioid use and its long-term effects after lung cancer surgery.

Methods

The South Korean National Health Insurance Database was used as a nationwide registration data source. All patients undergoing lung cancer surgery between 2011 and 2018 were included, and patients who were preoperative opioid users were excluded from the analysis. New long-term opioid use was defined as an active opioid prescription at 6 months postoperatively.

Results

In total, 54 509 patients were included in the final analysis. At 6 months postoperatively, 3325 (6.1%) patients who were newly prescribed opioids comprised the new long-term opioid user group. Older age, male sex, wider surgical extent, open thoracotomy, increased Charlson Comorbidity Index score, neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy, preoperative anxiety disorder and insomnia disorder were associated with a higher rate of new long-term opioid use. The new long-term opioid user group showed a 40% (HR, 1.40; 95% CI 1.29 to 1.53; p<0.001) higher risk of 2-year all-cause mortality. Moreover, the new long-term potent opioid user and less potent opioid user groups showed a 92% (HR, 1.92; 95% CI 1.67 to 2.21; p<0.001) and 22% (HR, 1.22; 95% CI 1.10 to 1.36; p<0.001) higher risk of 2-year all-cause mortality, respectively.

Conclusions

Among preoperative opioid-naive patients in South Korea, 6.1% became new long-term opioid users after lung cancer surgery. Certain factors are potential risk factors for new long-term opioid use, which could be associated with poorer long-term survival outcomes.
Dynamics and uncertainty for maximally entangled bipartite system constrained on a helicoid
Authors: Bashir Asma , Wasay M. A. , Al-Mogeeth A. , Liu Q. H.
Published: September 2022

The classical and quantum dynamics of particles constrained on a right helicoid is discussed via Dirac approach. We show how the uncertainty in measurement for observables of maximally entangled system is affected by the total number of constrained particles $$\sigma $$
σ
, external magnetic field $$\vec {\mathcal {B}}$$

B
→

; as well as by geometric parameters like the pitch$$\rho $$
ρ
and the radial position of particles. In doing so we also highlight numeric bounds on the external field strengths to tune both intraparticle and bipartite entanglement and we remark that the bipartite entanglement is more robust to changes in the fields than the intraparticle entanglement, in this framework. We also highlight specific parameter regimes which lead the uncertainty (in measurement) to achieve respective parameter independence and, for a particular subset of commutation relations, the system remains confined in the quantum regime even in the limit $$\sigma \rightarrow \infty $$

σ
→
∞

. It is observed that the uncertainties are strongly influenced by the geometric parameters e.g., $$\rho $$
ρ
, and the strength of bipartite as well as intraparticle entanglement might be controllable through $$\rho $$
ρ
. The energy equation for this setup is obtained and the additional terms are discussed which arise due to quantum correlations, orbit–orbit interaction and the normal Zeeman effect, which leads to the splitting of the energy level into 11 non-degenerate levels. Finally we comment that, a linkage of this phenomenology with Aharonov–Bohm like effect might be possible by strictly confining $$\vec {\mathcal {B}}$$

B
→

along the central axis of the helicoid.
An Improved Parallel Prefix Sums Algorithm
Authors: Bahig Hazem M. , Fathy Khaled A.
Published: September 2022

The prefix sums problem for an array [Formula: see text] is to compute all sums [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we introduce an improvement for the best previous algorithm that runs in [Formula: see text] time using [Formula: see text] processors on a Sum Concurrent Read Concurrent Write, Parallel Random Access Machine (Sum-CRCW PRAM). The improvements include (1) reducing the total number of operations and (2) reducing the amount of storage required by the algorithm.
Nonsingular Terminal Sliding-Mode Controller Based on Extended State Observer for Two-Mode Vibration of a Piezoelectric Plate: Design, Analysis and Experiments
Authors: Xu Zhuang , Li Shengquan , Li Juan , Zhang Luyao , Wang Shuwang
Published: September 2022

Considering the internal and external disturbances, i.e. coupling effect, model uncertainties, and external excitation of an all-clamped piezoelectric plate, a two-loop nonsingular terminal sliding-mode controller (NTSMC) based on extended state observer (ESO) is developed to suppress the two-mode structural vibration. First, a state space model of the structure is established based on system identification with an auxiliary variable method. Second, a three-order ESO of each individual mode is drawn to estimate and compensate the lumped disturbances via feedforward channel in real-time. Third, the NTSMC based on ESO for each single mode is designed to obtain vibration suppressing performance. In addition, the two-mode vibration control is decoupled into single-mode independent control through the proposed ESO. The stability of whole closed-loop system is analyzed by using a Lyapunov stability criterion. Finally, the experimental platform based on NI-PCIe device for a piezoelectric structural vibration control is set up to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed two-mode vibration control method. Compared with the conventional ESO-based sliding-mode control (SMC) method, the experimental results of two-mode structural vibration demonstrate that the vibration suppression performance of first two modes is improved from 8.94[Formula: see text]dB to 11.7[Formula: see text]dB and 9.2[Formula: see text]dB to 14.75[Formula: see text]dB, respectively.
The Front-End of R&D at Non-profit Research Centers — How Does Research Produce Impact?
Authors: Castro Rui Nuno , Ferreira João José Pinto
Published: September 2022

This study reviewed the literature to understand “how does research produce impact?”. Despite all discussion threads in the literature, it was clear that management of the Front-end of Innovation (FEI) of non-profit research centers has received little attention. As a result, this study was a first step toward proposing a model that describes the Front-End of R&D at non-profit Research Centers. This paper is an Integrative Literature Review that follows the PRISMA statement methodology. Building on FEI2O’s High-Level Ontology, this paper’s contribution elicited relevant constructs from the literature and took the first steps to extend it to the Front-End of R&D. New research-related concepts such as the RESEARCH CONCEPT, the INFLUENCING FACTORS, and the RESEARCH PROJECT were introduced. The RESEARCH PROJECT produces RESULTS that may have an IMPACT ON SOCIETY. All these concepts are interconnected through a feedback loop that feeds the FEI2O: STRATEGIC PURPOSE of the non-profit research center, contributing to the advancement of its research strategy, objectives, and goals. The current work contributed to understanding a domain of knowledge that is of interest to researchers, research managers, and those interested in bringing new scientific research results to society.
A Survey and Perspective on Artificial Intelligence for Security-Aware Electronic Design Automation
Authors: Koblah David , Acharya Rabin , Capecci Daniel , Dizon-Paradis Olivia , Tajik Shahin , Ganji Fatemeh , Woodard Damon , Forte Domenic
Published: September 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques have been increasingly used in several fields to improve performance and the level of automation. In recent years, this use has exponentially increased due to the advancement of high-performance computing and the ever increasing size of data. One of such fields is that of hardware design—specifically the design of digital and analog integrated circuits, where AI/ ML techniques have been extensively used to address ever-increasing design complexity, aggressive time to market, and the growing number of ubiquitous interconnected devices. However, the security concerns and issues related to integrated circuit design have been highly overlooked. In this article, we summarize the state-of-the-art in AI/ML for circuit design/optimization, security and engineering challenges, research in security-aware computer-aided design/electronic design automation, and future research directions and needs for using AI/ML for security-aware circuit design.
Novel Insights into Marine Iron Biogeochemistry from Iron Isotopes
Authors: Fitzsimmons Jessica N. , Conway Tim M.
Published: September 2022

The micronutrient iron plays a major role in setting the magnitude and distribution of primary production across the global ocean. As such, an understanding of the sources, sinks, and internal cycling processes that drive the oceanic distribution of iron is key to unlocking iron's role in the global carbon cycle and climate, both today and in the geologic past. Iron isotopic analyses of seawater have emerged as a transformative tool for diagnosing iron sources to the ocean and tracing biogeochemical processes. In this review, we summarize the end-member isotope signatures of different iron source fluxes and highlight the novel insights into iron provenance gained using this tracer. We also review ways in which iron isotope fractionation might be used to understand internal oceanic cycling of iron, including speciation changes, biological uptake, and particle scavenging. We conclude with an overview of future research needed to expand the utilization of this cutting-edge tracer.
Thermal Runaway Propagation in Li-ion Battery Packs Due to Combustion of Vent Gases
Authors: Mishra Dhananjay , Zhao Peng , Jain Ankur
Published: September 2022

Accurate understanding of propagation of thermal runaway is of much importance for developing safe battery pack designs. Combustion of vent gases emerging from a trigger cell undergoing thermal runaway has not been studied in sufficient detail, even though the additional heat generated during combustion likely plays an important role in thermal runaway propagation. This work presents comprehensive numerical modeling and simulations of thermal runaway propagation in a pack of cylindrical cells. The model accounts for multiple coupled non-linear phenomena, including vent gas flow and combustion, radiation and thermal runaway. Non-premixed combustion of venting gas is modeled using k-ε turbulence model and finite rate chemical kinetics. Simulation results are shown to be in good agreement with experimental data for a benchmark turbulent non-premixed jet flame. Simulations show that hot combustion products are rapidly transported in gaps between cells, potentially leading to self-sustained thermal runaway propagation to adjacent cells. Results demonstrate the critical importance of combustion in determining the nature of propagation of thermal runaway. The vent hole location is identified as an important parameter that influences whether and the extent to which thermal runaway propagation occurs. This work contributes towards the practical understanding of thermal runaway safety of Li-ion battery packs.
Improved Li-Ion Cell Construction and Usage Scheme for Achieving Operation Beyond End-of-Life
Authors: Aiken C. P. , Taskovic T. , Dahn J. R.
Published: September 2022

Lithium-ion batteries will contribute to the energy storage needs that will enable the widespread implementation of renewable energy alternatives to fossil fuels. Here the role of cell lifetime in achieving sufficient battery deployment to satisfy these needs is discussed in the context of battery manufacturing limitations and the necessity of developing cells with lifetimes beyond those found in contemporary cells. A cell design, and usage scheme reliant on this design, that demonstrates vastly improved lifetime capability is presented, including usage beyond traditional definitions of end-of-life. Specifically, Li[Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2]O2//graphite cells, a technology that is neither exotic nor innovative, can be built to operate to a low charge voltage limit (3.8 V) and hence contain excess positive electrode capacity. Charging to low voltage naturally reduces the rate of capacity loss and the excess positive electrode capacity functions as a lithium reservoir that can be accessed to counteract capacity loss, both of which combine to yield an incredible lifetime. Specifically, the use of the positive electrode lithium reservoir projects to extend high temperature lifetime at 70 °C by an additional factor of between 1.5 and 10 compared to the lifetime achieved by conventional cycling without accessing this reservoir.
Galvanostatic Li Electrodeposition in LiTFSI-PC Electrolyte: Part II. Coupling Phenomena in Growth Process
Authors: Nishida T. , Fukunaka Y. , Homma T. , Nohira T.
Published: September 2022

Li electrodeposition in LiTFSI/PC electrolyte up to 2.22 mAh cm−2 was performed by changing the current density from 0.2 to 60 mA cm−2 under optical microscope observation with a resolution of a few micrometers. The evolution of morphological variation followed by the initial stage (less than 0.028 mAh cm−2 in Part 1) was carefully observed. Two-step linearity was obtained in the relationship between the time variations of apparent electrode diameter and the square root of the duration period. At lower current densities less than 2 mA cm−2, locally and stochastically grown Li deposits with several ten micrometers in length were observed. It grew through SEI layer characterized probably by significant heterogeneous surface chemistry nature. Above 8 mA cm−2, the mass transfer effects on the electrode potential and deposit morphologies became predominant. The movement of suspended particles was occasionally observed. It suggested the induction of natural convection in the organic electrolyte. The limiting current density accompanying Li electrodeposition along a vertical Ni cathode was calculated to be 44 mA cm−2, which was well consistent with the LSV measurement.
Attribute Feature Classification of English Grammar Entry Base Based on Support Vector Machine Classification Algorithm
Authors: Yinghua Wu , Shaoxiu Meng , Juan Wang
Published: September 2022

An attribute feature classification method of English grammar vocabulary entry database based on support vector machine classification algorithm is proposed; this method takes news English as the research object and focuses on the classification of attributes and features of the English grammar lexicon database. First, the k-means algorithm is used to cluster the training set, and the one-to-many method is used to train two types of classifiers for the texts that cannot be correctly clustered in each class, that is, the classifiers of the corresponding categories are trained, and then the training set passed through a pair of the classifier generated by multiple SVMs is tested, and the samples that fall in the inseparable area are retrained by a one-to-one method, so as to achieve the purpose of balancing the training samples and reducing the inseparable area. The results show that, compared with the FDAGSVM algorithm, the proposed three multiclass classification algorithms have significantly improved classification speed and classification accuracy, and the macro average accuracy rates are 77.94%, 73.94%, and 72.36%, respectively. While ensuring the classification speed and classification accuracy of the single-label samples, the multiclass classification is realized, and it has high accuracy, recall rate, and value, which better solves the multiclass classification problem and expands the classification capability of the support vector machine. In addition, a comprehensive index based on the SVM classification algorithm is proposed to ensure the specialization of the attribute feature classification.
Research and Implementation of Indoor 3D Positioning Algorithm Based on LED Visible Light Communication and Corresponding Parameter Estimation
Authors: Li Yi
Published: September 2022

In the era of mobile Internet, the application of various positioning-based location service systems is becoming more and more common. In addition, the traditional radio positioning system is limited in the use of special environments such as mines, hospitals, and gas stations, and long-term electromagnetic radiation can cause potential damage to the human body. Compared with the traditional wireless positioning technology, VLC-based positioning technology has a good application prospect in the field of indoor wireless positioning. Compared with traditional radio positioning technology, the use of VLC technology to achieve indoor positioning is different in that the system design and layout need to consider the basic needs of indoor lighting; that is, the layout of multiple visible light sources in the room should meet the minimum illumination requirements of any area of the room. Since the layout structure of the light source that only considers the lighting requirements or only considers the positioning accuracy requirements is not the same, in the design process of the indoor visible light wireless positioning system, it is necessary to consider the overall optimization layout of multiple indoor visible light sources under the conditions of lighting and positioning constraints. This paper mainly optimizes indoor positioning from the aspects of light source layout, reflected light intensity distribution, and noise model.
Enhanced Performance of Sn@Pt Core-Shell Nanocatalysts Supported on Two Different Carbon Structures for the Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction in Acid Media
Authors: Rodríguez-Varela F. J. , Hernández-Vázquez G. , Dessources S. , Escobar-Morales B. , Kunhiraman Aruna K. , Garcia-Lobato M. A. , Alonso-Lemus I. L.
Published: September 2022

Sn@Pt core-shell nanocatalysts, supported on Vulcan XC-72 and home-developed nitrogen-doped graphene (Sn@Pt/C and Sn@Pt/NG, respectively), were evaluated for the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in acid electrolyte. The nanocatalysts were synthesized by the bromide anion exchange (BAE) method. TEM characterization confirmed the nanosize nature of Sn@Pt/C and Sn@Pt/NG, with an average particle size of 2.1 and 2.3 nm, respectively. Sn@Pt/C delivered a similar mass limiting current density (jl, m) of the HOR compared to Sn@Pt/NG, which was higher than those of Pt/C and Pt/NG (ca. 2 and 2.3-fold increase, respectively). Moreover, the Sn@Pt/C and Sn@Pt/NG core-shell nanocatalysts demonstrated a higher specific activity related to Pt/C and Pt/NG. Mass and specific Tafel slopes further demonstrated the improved catalytic activity of Sn@Pt/C for the HOR, followed by Sn@Pt/NG. The application of the nanocatalysts was proposed for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC).
SAR Target Recognition via Monogenic Signal and Gaussian Process Model
Authors: Zhao Lijun , Li Qingsheng , Li Bingbing
Published: September 2022

The monogenic signal and Gaussian process model are applied to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) target recognition. The monogenic signal is used to extract the features of the SAR image. The Gaussian process model is a statistical learning algorithm based on the Bayesian theory, which constructs a classification model by combining the kernel function and the probability judgement. Compared with the traditional classification model, the Gaussian process model can obtain higher classification efficiency and accuracy. During the implementation, the monogenic feature vector of the SAR image is used as the input, and the target label is used as the output to train the Gaussian process model. For the test sample to be classified, the target label is determined by calculating the posterior probability of each class using the Gaussian process model. In the experiments, the validations are carried out under typical conditions based on the MSTAR dataset. According to the experimental results, the proposed method maintains the highest performance under the standard operating condition, depression angle differences, and noise corruption, which verifies its effectiveness and robustness.
Subcellular Localization Prediction of Human Proteins Using Multifeature Selection Methods
Authors: Zhang Yu-Hang , Ding ShiJian , Chen Lei , Huang Tao , Cai Yu-Dong
Published: September 2022

Subcellular localization attempts to assign proteins to one of the cell compartments that performs specific biological functions. Finding the link between proteins, biological functions, and subcellular localization is an effective way to investigate the general organization of living cells in a systematic manner. However, determining the subcellular localization of proteins by traditional experimental approaches is difficult. Here, protein–protein interaction networks, functional enrichment on gene ontology and pathway, and a set of proteins having confirmed subcellular localization were applied to build prediction models for human protein subcellular localizations. To build an effective predictive model, we employed a variety of robust machine learning algorithms, including Boruta feature selection, minimum redundancy maximum relevance, Monte Carlo feature selection, and LightGBM. Then, the incremental feature selection method with random forest and support vector machine was used to discover the essential features. Furthermore, 38 key features were determined by integrating results of different feature selection methods, which may provide critical insights into the subcellular location of proteins. Their biological functions of subcellular localizations were discussed according to recent publications. In summary, our computational framework can help advance the understanding of subcellular localization prediction techniques and provide a new perspective to investigate the patterns of protein subcellular localization and their biological importance.
Intelligent Vehicle Engine Dynamic Test System Based on Internet of Things
Authors: Wang Wenbin , Wu Liyan
Published: September 2022

In the context of technological modernization in the field of automotive engine testing, the development of an intelligent automotive engine testing system based on IQ has become an important trend in the future. This paper mainly studies the development of engine test software platform, the technical control of test process conditions, and the intelligent conversion of important components such as temporary fuel flow meters. By comparing the traditional bench test system and the dynamic test system based on the Internet of Things, the efficiency of data information transmission, information security, perception ability, and response speed between them are compared, and the intelligent dynamic engine detection based on the Internet of Things is found. The system is more secure and more efficient in information transmission, with a 12% increase in perception performance and a 48% increase in system response time. This also fully shows that the intelligent dynamic engine detection system based on the Internet of Things will be more suitable for current equipment and can also be detected more accurately, which can realize effective supervision of the running status of the test prototype and remote online feedback of the analysis results, and solve the engine test process. It solves the problem of efficient, reliable, and safe transmission and transmission of data and information between all levels and layers, and improves the ability of rapid perception and response in the process of engine testing.
Comparison of PSA to Moringa Oleifera Seed Protein as Sorbent in QuEChERS: A Response Surface Methodology Optimization for Extraction of Some Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Food
Authors: Ramalepe Thapelo , Richards Heidi , Tutu Hlanganani , Nuapia Yannick , Chaúque Eutilério , Nyambe Imasiku , Chimuka Luke
Published: September 2022

This work aimed at optimizing the QuEChERS method with PSA and then comparing it with Moringa Oleifera seed protein as a clean-up sorbent for the extraction of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. The response surface methodology approach was used in the optimization. A design of experiment (DoE) was used to investigate the effect of the sample mass (0.5–3 g), centrifuge speed (3400–4000 rpm) and time (5–20 min), the mass of

N
a
C
l

and

MgSO

4

1
−
3
 
 
g

, and solvent extraction volume (5–10 mL). The analysis was done using GC-ECD and GC × GC TOFMS. The PSA method which was later replaced with Moringa Oleifera seed protein presented optimal values of 3 g of sample, 150 mg PSA, 4000 rpm for 6 min centrifuge conditions, including 2 g NaCl and 2 g

MgSO

4

 

extracted in 10 mL methanol, respectively. Moringa Oleifera seed protein gave better selectivity, and the detection limits ranged between 0.16 and 1.77

μ

g kg

−
1

with RSD values

≤
13.32
%
,

respectively. Moreover, recoveries were between 76.2 

±

 0.85% and 105.2 

±

 2.24%. Application of the developed method in food samples detected some EDCs. This study has shown that Moringa Oleifera seed protein is a promising alternative to PSA in the clean-up of food-related samples using the QuEChERS approach.
Construction and Application of Curriculum System of Design Major Integrating Environmental Protection and Big Data
Authors: Kou Yan
Published: September 2022

Design subject curriculum system is a major subject in the field of design education. The gap between ideal and reality makes the design of the curriculum system of design discipline a serious and urgent problem. Facing the “integration of industrialization and industrialization,” we can explore the professional curriculum system of environmental design and construction. And the method of constructing the corresponding system is initially proposed. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate and analyze the comprehensive effect of the model. According to the suggestions of experts and teachers, the designed indicators include 4 first‐level indicators and 16 corresponding second‐level indicators. The primary indicators include classroom response, teacher satisfaction, teaching effectiveness, and teaching environment. According to the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation steps and corresponding calculation methods, the final evaluation results are obtained.
Biological Evaluation of Platinum(II) Sulfonamido Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, Cytotoxicity, and Biological Imaging
Authors: Maladeniya Charini , Darshani Taniya , Samarakoon Sameera R. , Fronczek Frank R. , Sameera W. M. C. , Perera Inoka C. , Perera Theshini
Published: September 2022

Platinum‐based compounds are actively used in clinical trials as anticancer agents. In this study, two novel platinum complexes, (C1 = [PtCl2(N(SO2quin)dpa)], C2 = [PtCl2(N(SO2azobenz)dpa)]) containing quinoline and azobenzene appended dipicolylamine sulfonamide ligands were synthesized in good yield. The singlet attributable to methylene CH2 protons of the ligands of C1 and C2 appears as two doublets in 1H NMR spectra, which confirms the presence of magnetically nonequivalent protons upon coordination to platinum. Structural data of N(SO2quin)dpa (L1), N(SO2azobenz)dpa (L2) and PtCl2(N(SO2quin)dpa) confirmed the formation of the desired compounds. Time‐dependent density functional theory calculations suggested that the excitation of L1 show quin‐unit‐based π⟶π  ∗ excitations (i.e., ligand‐centered charge transfer, LC), while C1 shows the metal‐ligand‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (MLLCT) character. L1 displays intense fluorescence from the 1LC excited state, while C1 gives phosphorescence from the 3LC state. Mammalian cell toxicity of ligands and complexes was assessed with NCI–H292 nonsmall‐cell lung cancer cells. Further, C1 and C2 showed significantly low IC50 values compared with N(SO2azobenz)dpa and PtCl2(N(SO2quin)dpa). Fluorescence imaging data of both ligands and complexes revealed the potential fluorescence activity of these compounds for biological imaging. All four compounds are promising novel candidates that can be further investigated on their usage as potential anticancer agents and cancer cell imaging agents.
Research on the Design of Bright Clothing for the Elderly Based on Intelligent Detection of Lower Limb Posture Antifall Sensors
Authors: Zhang Wenhui
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we construct a model for intelligent detection of lower limb posture fall prevention sensors, conduct an in-depth study of bright clothing for the elderly with smart detection of fall prevention, and design an article of colorful clothing for the elderly based on intelligent detection of lower limb posture fall prevention sensors. In this paper, the overall system scheme is determined according to the application, including the characteristic position of the device to be worn, the establishment of the reference coordinate system, and the setting of the overall system architecture. The data acquisition, transmission, and saving functions are realized, and the two-step extended Kalman filter, complementary filter, and DMP-Kalman filter are used to solve the posture angle of the measured object. The feasibility of the prototype was verified by testing the daily behavioral activity data and fall behavior data of the elderly, and the collected data were processed and analyzed by three data fusion algorithms, which proved the effectiveness of the algorithms, among which the DMP-Kalman filter algorithm has better performance. From the test results, the design of this paper can detect the posture angle of the human body more accurately, which provides a practical reference for fall detection equipment. Using clothing as a carrier, the fall detection and warning module is integrated with clothing to study an article of intelligent clothing for fall detection and warning for the elderly. A core issue in the integration process is the influence of the clothing on the detection module when the human body is moving. The effect of the material and loft of the clothing on the model is studied through experiments. The results of the two indexes, i.e., sensitivity and specificity, of the integrated model and the model not integrated with the clothing are around 98%. The experimental results of the material and loft of the clothing within a specific range have little influence on the model. The final intelligent garment design scheme was determined on this basis.
Characterization and Performance Evaluation of PIN Diodes and Scope of Flexible Polymer Composites for Wearable Electronics
Authors: Sharma Sonia , Rishi Rahul , Prakash Chander , Saxena Kuldeep K. , Buddhi Dharam , Salmaan N. Ummal
Published: September 2022

Different semiconductor materials have been used for the fabrication of PIN diodes such as Si, Ge, GaAs, SiC-3C, SiC-4H, and InAs. These different semiconductor materials show different characteristics and advantages such as SiC-4H is ultrafast switch. But, when flexible polymers composites like Si-nanomembranes, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and biodegradable polymer composite like carbon nanotubes (CNT) are used for fabrication, the device has the capability to switch from rigid electronic devices to flexible and wearable electronic devices. These polymer composites’ outstanding characteristics like conductivity, charge selectivity, flexibility, and lightweight make them eligible for their selection in fabrication process for wearable electronics devices. In this article, the performance of PIN diodes (BAR64-02) as an RF switch is investigated from 1 to 10 GHz. PIN diodes can control large amounts of RF power at very low DC voltage, implying their suitability for RF applications. In this paper, the benefit of using plastic polymer composites for the fabrication of PIN diodes, capacitors, and antennas is thoroughly described. Along with this, individual characterization, fabrication, and testing of all biasing components are also done to analyze the individual effect of each biasing component on the performance of PIN diodes. The complete biasing circuitry for the PIN diode is modeled in the HFSS software. When a PIN diode is inserted in between 50 Ω microstrip line, it introduces 1 dB insertion loss and 20 dB isolation loss from 1 to 7 GHz. Finally, a PIN diode is integrated in a reconfigurable antenna to study the actual effect. The transmission loss in the RF signal is nearly 1 dB from 1 to 7 GHz in the presence of biasing components.
Biosynthesis of Biocompatible AgNPs Using Medicinally Important Carduus edelbergii Rech.f. Extract for Multifarious Biological Activities
Authors: Jamil Shahid , Dastagir Ghulam , Foudah Ahmed Ibrahim , Alqarni Mohammad Hamed , Yusufoglu Hasan Soliman , Alkreathy Huda Mohammed , Erturk Omer , Khan Rahmat Ali , Shah Muhammad Abdur Rehman
Published: September 2022

In current scenario, plant‐mediated synthesis of nanoparticles has received significant interest owing to its cost‐effectiveness and eco‐friendly methods. This study was planned to find the potential of Carduus edelbergii Rech.f. extract for the fabrication of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their subsequent antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, and antioxidant activities. The prepared plant extract was analyzed for phytochemicals, elements, and nutrients. The fabricated AgNPs were characterized by spectroscopy (UV‐Vis), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The synthesized AgNPs and the Carduus edelbergii extract were investigated for their antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxic, and antifungal characteristics. The results showed that the plant extract contains a wide range of important nutrients and secondary metabolites. The synthesized AgNPs were crystalline and globular with an average diameter of 36.5 nm and exhibited a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak at roughly 420 nm. As compared to Carduus edelbergii extract, the phytofabricated AgNPs had an increased antioxidant and cytotoxic efficacy. The AgNPs showed substantial antibacterial action against Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus epidermis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram‐negative (Klebsiella aerogenes and Escherichia coli) bacteria. The findings revealed that the phytofabricated AgNPs could be an effective antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal for treatment of medical conditions.
Gravity and Remote Sensing Methods as a Solution in Identifying Geothermal Reservoirs on Volcanoes
Authors: Wiyono  , Siombone Salman Hamja , Maryanto Sukir
Published: September 2022

Tiris Village, Lamongan Volcano complex is an area that has geothermal potential. The existence of geothermal potential in this study was identified using the gravity method combined with remote sensing methods. Remote sensing method is used to obtain a map of the distribution pattern of the soil surface temperature and a map of the continuity of the straightness and fault structure. The data used in the remote sensing method is secondary data in the form of Landsat-8 imagery and DEM SRTM 1 arc. Processing of the soil surface temperature map was obtained by using thermal infrared processing NDVI. The form of continuity of the straightness or fault structure is obtained by processing Landsat-8 multispectral image data in the form of 567 band composite and DEM SRTM data form of 3D topographic modeling. The data from the composite band 567 was reviewed visually using a 3D topographic model. The gravity method is the main method in this research because it is used to obtain the residual Bouguer anomaly distribution. The residual Bouguer anomaly data was obtained by using the moving average through spectrum analysis. The residual Bouguer anomaly distribution can be used for qualitative interpretation of the distribution of the earth’s gravitational acceleration at the measurement location. The quantitative interpretation of the gravity data is based on the surface density estimation graph using the Parasnis method and 3D inversion modeling, using residual Bouguer anomaly data. The results of 3D inversion modeling provide four types of subsurface rock layers based on the density distribution value, namely, the first rock layer

ρ

1

=
2.52
–
2.67

 g/cm3, the second rock layer

ρ

2

=
2.72
–
2.77

 g/cm3, the third rock layer

ρ

3

=
2.80
–
2.83

 g/cm3, and the fourth rock layer

ρ

4

=
2.84
–
2.86

 g/cm3. The third rock layer is assumed to be reservoir rock and is estimated to be at a depth of 500–800 meters below the measurement point. The fourth rock layer is assumed to be intrusive igneous rock, which penetrates dominantly in the middle of the measurement location, which is oriented southwest, south to north, which is indicated by the high anomaly continuity on the regional Bouguer anomaly map. Based on the results of 3D inversion modeling and spectrum analysis of the average depth of the regional Bouguer anomaly, it is found that the intrusive rock layer is thought to be at a depth of 350 meters below the measurement point.