bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between bronchopulmonary dysplasia and early respiratory morbidity in children with respiratory distress syndrome: a case–control study using nationwide data
Authors: Shin Jeong Eun , Jang Haerin , Han Jung Ho , Park Joonsik , Kim Soo Yeon , Kim Yoon Hee , Eun Ho Seon , Lee Soon Min , Park Kook In , Sohn Myung Hyun , Park Min Soo , Kim Kyung Won
Published: May 2022

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) can cause respiratory morbidity beyond the neonatal period. We aimed to analyze the association of BPD on childhood lower respiratory illness (LRI) and asthma among patients diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). This case–control study analyzed data between 2002 and 2015 from a nationwide database. We included 55,066 children with RDS. Two-year LRI and asthma at ages 3 and 5 were assessed. Readmission for LRIs within 2 years of birth occurred in 53.9% and 37.9% of the BPD (n = 9470) and non-BPD (n = 45,596) cases, respectively. In the BPD group, the median number of hospitalizations, mechanical ventilation and oxygen use rates were significantly higher, while the hospitalization duration was significantly longer (P < 0.001 for all). The relative risk of BPD was 1.42 (1.39–1.45) on total readmission and 6.53 (5.96–7.15) on intensive care unit readmission. Asthma prevalence was significantly higher in BPD group (57.6% vs. 48.9% at age 3 and 44.3% vs. 38.2% at age 5, P < 0.001). In children with RDS, BPD could affect repetitive and worse LRI as an independent risk factor for respiratory morbidity during the first 2 years of life. BPD may also be a crucial risk factor for asthma in preschoolers.
T-shaped double-strip spoof surface plasmon polariton transmission lines and application to microwave resonators
Authors: Choi Wonseok , Jeong Jinho
Published: May 2022

A microwave double-strip spoof surface plasmon polariton (DS SSPP) is proposed for high-speed interconnects and high-performance microwave circuits. Based on the dispersion analysis, a T-shaped double-strip structure is designed to provide strong surface- and slow-wave properties from very low to very high frequencies (~ 40 GHz). It allows the tight field confinement and greatly reduces the electromagnetic wave leakage. It exhibits broadband performance with reduced ripples in the insertion loss. It also shows more constant group delay and impedance than counterpart single-strip SSPP. The compact coaxial-to-microstrip-to-DS SSPP transition are designed using gradient grooves. The measurement shows that the DS SSPP lines can exhibit the lower coupling and lower insertion loss than the microstrip lines, so that the former is well-suited for the densely packed high-speed interconnects. The designed DS SSPP is utilized for high quality (Q)-factor microwave ring resonator. The measured unloaded Q-factor is 107.9 at the resonant frequency of 8.7 GHz, which is 1.3 times higher than the microstrip ring resonator. It is found to be caused by the reduction of the radiation loss, according to the loss analysis. The size is also reduced due to the short wavelength, occupying 56.8% of that of the microstrip ring resonator. Therefore, the proposed T-shaped DS SSPP can be also applied for high-performance miniaturized microwave circuits.
The comparison of efficacy and safety between transradial and transfemoral approach for chronic total occlusions intervention: a meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Wei-Chieh , Wu Po-Jui , Fang Chih-Yuan , Fang Hsiu-Yu , Wu Chiung-Jen , Liu Ping-Yen
Published: May 2022

This meta-analysis compared the outcomes of transradial access (TRA) and transfemoral access (TFA) in chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in recent decades. We searched multiple databases for articles published between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2020. Six observational studies with 11,736 patients were analyzed. Data included baseline demographics, Japan-chronic total occlusion (J-CTO) score, sheath size, PCI vessel, retrograde method, procedural time, fluoroscopy time, and contrast volume. The more prevalent target CTO vessel was the left coronary artery in the TRA group and the right coronary artery in the TFA group. Higher J-CTO score, longer procedural time, and more contrast volume were seen in the TFA group. In comparison, the TRA group had better procedural success rate (odds ratio (OR), 0.846; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.749–0.956) and less vascular complications (OR, 0.323; 95% CI 0.203–0.515), but similar retrograde success rate (OR, 0.965; 95% CI 0.382–2.435). In-hospital death (OR, 0.527; 95% CI 0.187–1.489) and major adverse cardiovascular events (OR, 0.729; 95% CI 0.504–1.054) did not differ between the groups. Overall, fewer vascular complications and higher procedural success rates were noted in the TRA CTO PCI population. However, similar retrograde success rates and clinical outcomes were noted between the groups.
Associations of interpersonal trust with juvenile offending/conduct disorder, callous-unemotional traits, and criminal recidivism
Authors: Aebi Marcel , Haynes Melanie , Bessler Cornelia , Hasler Gregor
Published: May 2022

Interpersonal trust has been described as a core dimension of cooperative, mutually beneficial interpersonal relationships but it is unclear if it is related to antisocial behaviours in youth. The present study aimed at analysing a subsample of male juveniles who committed serious violent offenses and met criteria of conduct disorder (JO/CD), and a subsample of healthy controls (HC) using a series of trust games (TGs). Twenty-four male JO/CD and 24 age matched male HC performed a series of eight one-shot TGs against different unknown human respectively computer opponents. Mixed model analyses found a non-significant trend that JO/CD invested less points than HC during TGs. In the subsample of JO/CD, the overall investment in TGs was found to be negatively associated with self-reported uncaring behaviours and officially reported general re-offenses. Our findings suggest some indication of an impaired ability of JO/CD to initiate mutually trusting relationships to others that should be addressed in further research. Trust is a promising factor to predict general criminal recidivism and can be a target for treatment of juveniles who committed violent offenses, for example through the building of stable relationships to care givers. This study encourages future studies to investigate the effects of trust-increasing psychosocial interventions.
Effect of calcium hydroxide on morphology and physicochemical properties of Enterococcus faecalis biofilm
Authors: Momenijavid Mahere , Salimizand Himen , Korani Aazam , Dianat Omid , Nouri Bijan , Ramazanzadeh Rashid , Ahmadi Amjad , Rostamipour Jino , Khosravi Mohammad Rastegar
Published: May 2022

Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 has been used as an intracanal medicament to targets microbial biofilms and avert secondary infection in the root canal system. This study evaluated the effects of this material on the morphology and physicochemical properties of an established in-vitro biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis. A biofilm of E. faecalis was grown in multichannel plates. The chemicals including Ca2+, OH−, and saturated Ca(OH)2 (ie 21.6 mM) were prepared in order to evaluate which component eradicated or amplified biofilm structure. Various biochemical and microscopic methods were used to investigate the properties of the biofilm. Biofilms treated with Ca(OH)2 absorbed more Ca2+ because of the alkaline pH of the environment and the ions affected the physicochemical properties of the E. faecalis biofilm. A denser biofilm with more cavities and a granular surface was observed in the presence of Ca2+ ions. This resulted in a decrease in the surface-to-biofilm ratio with increases in its biomass, thickness, colony size, and volume. Calcium hydroxide did not destroy E. faecalis biofilms but rather contributed to the biofilm structure. This in-vitro study sheds light on a missing link in the formation of E. faecalis biofilm in which the Ca2+ in Ca(OH)2
Carbon Dots as Corrosion Inhibitors: Synthesis, Molecular Structures and Corrosion Inhibition
Authors: Nascimento R. C. , Furtado L. B.
Published: May 2022

Carbon dots (CDs) are nanosized structures with luminescent properties, which were first reported as part of single-walled carbon nanotubes. CDs are considered a zero-dimensional (0D) carbon-dominated nanomaterial and consist of two main parts: a carbon skeleton and functionalized shell. The possibility of increasing the number of surface groups, such as carboxyl, hydroxyl and amine, improves water solubility and modifies the corrosion inhibition properties of CDs. These advantages can provide the desired properties to enhance corrosion inhibition. Inhibiting molecules must contain functional groups with electron donating atoms, p-type molecular orbitals, aromatic rings and unsaturation in order to favor adsorption on metallic surfaces. As such, CDs can be doped or functionalized, as described in several papers. Methods to obtain CDs are classified as a function of the starting material. Methods that involve breaking down large carbon structures into smaller ones are called top-down techniques, while those in which nanosized structures are obtained, progressing from smaller to larger molecules, are known as bottom-up methods. Methods to obtain corrosion inhibitors are mostly bottom-up, with an additional step to increase the presence of surface groups that can effectively improve CD properties, such as solubility and electron density, which are particularly important in corrosion inhibition.
Gold and Gold Oxide as Corrosion Inhibitors
Authors: Kaya Savaş , Şimşek Selçuk
Published: May 2022

It is well-known that organic and inorganic corrosion inhibitors are widely preferred in the prevention of corrosion of metal surfaces. In the selection of inhibitor molecules, it should also be ensured that they are economical, non-toxic and environmentally-friendly. Organic molecules are chemical systems including atoms like carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen in the rings and chains of their structures. On the other hand, inorganic compounds can be defined as the chemical compounds that do not include a carbon–hydrogen bond in their structures. Heterocyclic organic molecules including conjugated π bonds and hetero atoms like oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur are quite effective against the corrosion of metal surfaces. In this chapter, details regarding the use of gold and gold oxide in corrosion inhibitors are explained. Studies published in the literature relating to this are effectively presented.
Nanocomposites as Steel Corrosion Inhibitors – The Journey So Far
Authors: Elugoke Saheed E. , Adekunle Abolanle S. , Fayemi Omolola E. , Mamba Bhekie B. , Ebenso Eno E.
Published: May 2022

This chapter is focused on the progress made so far in the application of nanocomposites as corrosion inhibitors. Vital components of industrial machinery and tools are made of expensive metallic materials such as mild steel, aluminium and copper. Routine application of these equipment exposes these metallic components to unfavourable conditions capable of making them susceptible to corrosion. To salvage this counterproductive menace, efforts have been put into the development of corrosion inhibitors for steel – the commonly applied metallic material in industries. Graphene, graphene oxide, clay, carbon nanotubes, polymers, metal oxide nanoparticles and silica are a few of the materials that have been used as corrosion inhibitors. In this chapter, the performance of nanocomposite coatings as corrosion inhibitors from 2010 to date is extensively discussed through the data obtained from potentiodynamic polarization (PP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies. Nanocomposite coatings on the surface of a steel specimen succeeded in reducing the corrosion current (Icorr) for the protected metal by acting as a barrier or as active inhibitors with very high inhibition efficiency. The composites mostly reduced the corrosion rate through strong adhesion to the substrate as a formidable barrier against corrosive media.
Linker engineering in metal–organic frameworks for dark photocatalysis
Authors: Pan Yating , Wang Jingxue , Chen Shengyi , Yang Weijie , Ding Chunmei , Waseem Amir , Jiang Hai-Long
Published: May 2022

A Ti-based MOF with long-lived Ti3+ can achieve dark photocatalysis. The different groups on the organic linker modulate electron storage ability and the lifetime of Ti3+, significantly regulating dark photocatalytic activity in H2 production.
Cytidine-rich hydrogel as an electrochemical signal amplification strategy for microRNA detection
Authors: Zhang Xinying , Zhang Zhiwei , Yang Chujing , Hu Ziheng , Chen Yingying , Feng Lingyan
Published: May 2022

This signal amplification strategy decreased the signal response while increasing the complex of the biosensors.
An ultrasensitive electrochemical sensor based on in situ synthesized manganese dioxide/gold nanoparticles nanocomposites for rapid detection of methylmercury in foodstuffs
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wu Yanqing , Su Lishen , Zhu Chunlin , Wu Xiaoping
Published: May 2022

A highly sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor for rapid detection of methylmercury in foodstuffs using in situ synthesized manganese dioxide/gold nanoparticles nanocomposites as an enhanced sensing strategy.
Schiff base compounds as fluorimetric pH sensor: a review
Authors: Dutta Basudeb , Halder Shibashis
Published: May 2022

With the recent progress of biological and environmental research, detection of pH values has become one of the most indispensable requirements.
Advances in modified hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels for skin wound healing
Authors: Ding Yan-Wen , Wang Ze-Yu , Ren Zi-Wei , Zhang Xu-Wei , Wei Dai-Xu
Published: May 2022

Overview of crosslinking strategies of hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels and their applications in skin wound healing.
A [(M2)6L8] metal–organic polyhedron with high CO2 uptake and efficient chemical conversion of CO2 under ambient conditions
Authors: Liu Li-Hua , Liu Lin , Chi Hao-Ran , Li Chen-Ning , Han Zheng-Bo
Published: May 2022

A new rhombic dodecahedron Cu–MOP with high absorption of CO2 has been successfully synthesized, and it exhibits excellent performance in chemical fixation of CO2 into cyclic carbonates under ambient conditions.
Phosphinic acid-based inhibitors of tubulin polyglycylation
Authors: Zhuang Zaile , Cummings Steven W. , Roll-Mecak Antonina , Tanner Martin E.
Published: May 2022

Phosphinic acid-based inhibitors of tubulin polyglycylation are identified.
Understanding specific ion effects and the Hofmeister series
Authors: Gregory Kasimir P. , Elliott Gareth R. , Robertson Hayden , Kumar Anand , Wanless Erica J. , Webber Grant B. , Craig Vincent S. J. , Andersson Gunther G. , Page Alister J.
Published: May 2022

This perspective reviews the historical explanations for specific ion effects, and explores the frontiers of the field before summarising its challenges and opportunities.
Exploring the physicochemical role of Pd dopant in promoting Li-ion diffusion dynamics and storage performance of NbS2 at the atomic scale
Authors: Wen Piaopiao , Wang Huangkai , Wang Xianyou , Wang Haibo , Bai Yansong , Yang Zhenhua
Published: May 2022

The two-dimensional layered niobium disulfide (NbS2), as a kind of anode material for Li-ion batteries, has received great attention because of its excellent electronic conductivity and structural stability.
Hexachlorobenzene-negative ion formation in electron attachment experiments
Authors: Kumar S. , Izadi F. , Ončák M. , Limão-Vieira P. , Denifl S.
Published: May 2022

Electron attachment to hexachlorobenzene yielding negative ions.
Synthesis and structural characterisation of solid titanium(iv) phosphate materials by means of X-ray absorption and NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Rusanova-Naydenova Daniela , Trublet Mylène , Klysubun Wantana , Cholsuk Chanakan , Iuga Dinu , Dupree Ray , Antzutkin Oleg N. , Persson Ingmar
Published: May 2022

Synthesis and structural characterisation of solid titanium phosphates prepared at mild conditions, short reaction times and different post-synthetic treatments.
Recent advances in porous MOFs and their hybrids for photothermal cancer therapy
Authors: Su Jia , Jing Peng , Jiang Ke , Du Jingjing
Published: May 2022

We mainly summarize the recent advances of MOFs in photothermal combined cancer therapy and hope that this review will stimulate more interesting explorations in MOFs for photothermal therapy.
Stimulating Cu–Zn alloying for compact Zn metal growth towards high energy aqueous batteries and hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Kwon Minhyung , Lee Jina , Ko Sunghyun , Lim Gukhyun , Yu Seung-Ho , Hong Jihyun , Lee Minah
Published: May 2022

A synthetic method to construct a highly stable, densely packed Zn anode is presented by provoking the unusual Cu–Zn alloying alongside Zn plating. The compact Zn anode retains its morphology over repeated plating/stripping cycles in aqueous media.
Identification of novel antioxidant peptides from sea squirt (Halocynthia roretzi) and its neuroprotective effect in 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity
Authors: Ma Rui , Chen Qiqi , Dai Yanping , Huang Yan , Hou Qing , Huang Yuting , Zhong Kai , Huang Yina , Gao Hong , Bu Qian
Published: May 2022

A novel antioxidant peptide WLP derived from sea squirt (Halocynthia roretzi) exhibited high neuroprotective ability on PC12 cells in 6-OHDA-induced oxidative stress.
Probing crystallographic orientation-specific carrier lifetimes in epitaxial Ge/AlAs and InGaAs/InP heterostructures
Authors: Hudait Mantu K. , Johnston Steven W.
Published: May 2022

Schematic representation of orientation specific Ge/AlAs/GaAs and InGaAs/InP fin transistor architecture and their carrier lifetimes.
Black single crystals of lead-free perovskite Cs2Ag(Bi:Ru)Br6 with an intermediate band
Authors: Zhang Zehao , Liu Ganghong , Guo Wenhui , Li Xiangdong , Zhang Yuqing , Wu Cuncun , Qu Bo , Shi Jun-jie , Chen Zhijian , Xiao Lixin
Published: May 2022

The toxicity of lead halide perovskites hinders their application in optoelectronics. Lead-free Cs2AgBiBr6 is regarded as a promising candidate due to its excellent photoelectric properties.
A novel three-position molecular switch based on the transformations of a cyano-substituted pyrrol-2-one derivative
Authors: Belikov Mikhail Yu. , Milovidova Angelina G. , Ievlev Mikhail Yu.
Published: May 2022

A new nitrile-rich heterocycle showing a reversible naked-eye response to basic and nucleophilic agents as well as to temperature was characterized.
Rational construction of a novel probe for the rapid detection of butyrylcholinesterase stress changes in apoptotic cells
Authors: Yu Zhenqing , Li Xiang , Lu Xiaofeng , Guo Yong
Published: May 2022

The occurrence of numerous neurodegenerative diseases is associated with abnormal levels of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE).
Coupling nanobubbles in 2D lateral heterostructures
Authors: Ambardar Sharad , Kamh Rana , Withers Zachary H. , Sahoo Prasana K. , Voronine Dmitri V.
Published: May 2022

Near-field enhancement and quenching of photoluminescence shows evidence of coupling between WS2 and MoS2 nanobubbles in 2D lateral heterostructures.
Narcissistic self-sorting of n-acene nano-ribbons yielding energy-transfer and electroluminescence at p–n junctions
Authors: Schäfer Philip , de Vet Christiaan , Gartzia-Rivero Leire , Raffy Guillaume , Kao Min-Tzu , Schäfer Christian , Romasanta Laura J. , Pavageau Bertrand , Tsai Yu-Tang , Hirsch Lionel , Bassani Dario M. , Del Guerzo André
Published: May 2022

Narcissistic self-sorting of n-acenes led to their self-assembly into separated nanoribbons despite identical side-chains and growth kinetics, due to discrepant dipolar vs. quadrupolar characters. Electroluminescence is switched-on at p–n junctions.
Electrochemical 5-exo-dig aza-cyclization of 2-alkynylbenzamides toward 3-hydroxyisoindolinone derivatives
Authors: Shi Zhaojiang , Li Nan , Wang Wei-Zhen , Lu Hao-Kuan , Yuan Yaofeng , Li Zhen , Ye Ke-Yin
Published: May 2022

An electrochemical N-attacked 5-exo-dig radical cyclization of 2-alkynylbenzamides toward the synthesis of biologically relevant 3-hydroxyisoindolinone derivatives has been developed.
Replacing amine by azide: dopamine azide polymerization triggered by sodium periodate
Authors: Szukowska Monika , Popenda Łukasz , Coy Emerson , Filip Claudiu , Grajewski Jakub , Kempiński Mateusz , Kim Yeonho , Mrówczyński Radosław
Published: May 2022

We report the polymerization of dopamine analogue 4-(2-azidoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol (dopamine azide), where the amine group is switched to azide, resulting in particles stable in water but, in contrast to other polycatechol based polymers, soluble in organic solvents.
Stabilizing BiOCl/Ti3C2Txhybrids for potassium-ion batteriesviasolid electrolyte interphase reconstruction
Authors: Liu Zhichao , Zhao Shuoqing , Li Guohao , Chen Chi , Xie Xiuqiang , Wu Zhenjun , Zhang Nan
Published: May 2022

A two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructure with BiOCl nanosheets supported on few-layered Ti3C2Txnanosheets achieved enhanced cycling performance with optimized SEI layers in a high-concentration ether-based electrolyte for PIBs.
Efficient radical C(sp3)–H α-oxyamination of carbonyls adjacent to the carbon chalcogen bond
Authors: Wang Man , Wang Rui , Zhang Long , Si Wen , Song Ran , Yang Daoshan , Lv Jian
Published: May 2022

An efficient radical C(sp3)–H α-oxyamination of carbonyls adjacent to different chalcogens (e.g., S, O, and Se) at the α-position is demonstrated.
Quality by design approach for green HPLC method development for simultaneous analysis of two thalassemia drugs in biological fluid with pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Fares Michel Y. , Hegazy Maha A. , El-Sayed Ghada M. , Abdelrahman Maha M. , Abdelwahab Nada S.
Published: May 2022

This work implements a combined experimental approach of analytical quality-by-design and green analytical chemistry to develop an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of the two thalassemia drugs, deferasirox and deferiprone in biological fluid for the first time.
Electron transport layer assisted by nickel chloride hexahydrate for open-circuit voltage improvement in MAPbI3 perovskite solar cells
Authors: Dong Pei , Yuan Shuai , Zhu Dongping , Du Yaxin , Mu Cheng , Ai Xi-Cheng
Published: May 2022

Nickel chloride hexahydrate (NiCl2·6H2O) was introduced into the SnO2 ETL, which significantly increased open-circuit voltage (VOC) and power conversion efficiency (PCE)
A review on lawsone-based benzo[a]phenazin-5-ol: synthetic approaches and reactions
Authors: Olyaei Abolfazl , Sadeghpour Mahdieh
Published: May 2022

Phenazine systems are an important class of aza-polycyclic compounds that are easily found in nature and isolated as secondary metabolites primarily fromPseudomonas,Streptomyces, and a few other genera from soil or marine habitats.
CO reductive oligomerization by a divalent thulium complex and CO2-induced functionalization
Authors: Simler Thomas , McCabe Karl N. , Maron Laurent , Nocton Grégory
Published: May 2022

The divalent thulium complex [Tm(Cpttt)2] activates CO to form reductive CO dimerization or trimerization products. These complexes further react with electrophiles, including CO2, yielding multicarbon oxygenates and original C–H activation products.
Red to NIR-emissive anthracene-conjugated PMI dyes with dual functions: singlet-oxygen response and lipid-droplet imaging
Authors: Roy Rupam , Khan Aasif , Dutta Tanoy , Koner Apurba Lal
Published: May 2022

Design and synthesis of three red to NIR-emissive PMI-anthracene dyes with large Stokes shift demonstrating a selective response towards singlet oxygen and applicable for lipid droplet imaging.
Recent advances of substitutionally doped tin dichalcogenides
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zhang Zhenxiao , Zhan Qing , Liu Dongdong , Zhao Puqin , Cheng Yingchun
Published: May 2022

Substitutionally doped tin dichalcogenides have potential for electric, photoelectric and thermoelectric applications.
Progress in magnetic alloys with kagome structure: materials, fabrications and physical properties
Authors: Zhang Dongyao , Hou Zhipeng , Mi Wenbo
Published: May 2022

The materials, fabrications, and physical properties of alloys with kagome lattices are reviewed. The alloys with kagome lattices show lots of intriguing physical phenomena, which will open up new opportunities for applications in spintronics.
Correction: Effect of the nanoparticle size on thermometric properties of a single-band ratiometric luminescent thermometer in NaYF4:Nd3+
Authors: Trejgis K. , Ledwa K. , Li Leipeng , Marciniak L.
Published: May 2022

Correction for ‘Effect of the nanoparticle size on thermometric properties of a single-band ratiometric luminescent thermometer in NaYF4:Nd3+’ by K. Trejgis et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2022, 10, 3006–3014, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d1tc06069d.
Correction: Exploring the feasibility and conduction mechanisms of P-type nitrogen-doped β-Ga2O3 with high hole mobility
Authors: Ma Congcong , Wu Zhengyuan , Jiang Zhuoxun , Chen Ying , Ruan Wei , Zhang Hao , Zhu Heyuan , Zhang Guoqi , Kang Junyong , Zhang Tong-Yi , Chu Junhao , Fang Zhilai
Published: May 2022

Correction for ‘Exploring the feasibility and conduction mechanisms of P-type nitrogen-doped β-Ga2O3 with high hole mobility’ by Congcong Ma et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2022, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d1tc05324h.
The VMC survey
Authors: Schmidt Thomas , Cioni Maria-Rosa L. , Niederhofer Florian , Bekki Kenji , Bell Cameron P. M. , de Grijs Richard , El Youssoufi Dalal , Ivanov Valentin D. , Oliveira Joana M. , Ripepi Vincenzo , van Loon Jacco Th.
Published: May 2022

Context.The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is the most luminous satellite galaxy of the Milky Way and, owing to its companion, the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), represents an excellent laboratory to study the interaction of dwarf galaxies.

Aims.The aim of this study is to investigate the kinematics of the outer regions of the LMC by using stellar proper motions to understand the impact of interactions, for example with the SMC about 250 Myr ago.

Methods.We calculate proper motions using multi-epochKs-band images from the VISTA survey of the Magellanic Cloud system (VMC). Observations span a time baseline of 2−5 yr. We combine the VMC data with data from theGaiaEarly Data Release 3 and introduce a new method to distinguish between Magellanic and Milky Way stars based on a machine learning algorithm. This new technique enables a larger and cleaner sample selection of fainter sources as it reaches below the red clump of the LMC.

Results.We investigate the impact of the SMC on the rotational field of the LMC and find hints of stripped SMC debris. The south-eastern region of the LMC shows a slow rotational speed compared to the overall rotation.N-body simulations suggest that this could be caused by a fraction of stripped SMC stars located in that particular region that move opposite to the expected rotation.
Long-Distance Transport of Green Power via High Voltage Direct Current Submarine Cable
Authors: Cai Leiqiong , Chen Li , Devaux Fabrice , Long Yan
Published: May 2022

This study aims to perform a technical, environmental, and economic assessment of long-distance transport (around 10000 km) of green power from Australia to Japan through High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) submarine power cables by literature studies. A PV power plant generates green power; 8000 GWh annual production is chosen as capacity. For the HVDC value chain, according to the assessments, energy efficiency is 74%. Power loss during cable transport is the key contributor. GHG footprint of power delivered is 112 kg CO2e/MWh compared to 50 kg at the outlet of the PV plant. Capital expenditure (CAPEX) is 29058 M€. At the end of the 10th and 20th years, another 4500 M€ investment is required for battery replacement. Operating expense (OPEX) is 166 M€/y. The technical cost of power produced is 428 €/MWh. Results of sensitivity analysis show that submarine cables length, power loss and lifetime, battery storage system sizing, and power plant availability have a significant impact on the economic and environmental performance of the whole HVDC value chain.
Grass Hopper Optimization Algorithm for Off-Grid Rural Electrification of an Integrated Renewable Energy System
Authors: Kumar Polamarasetty P , Nuvvula Ramakrishna S S , Manoj Vasupalli
Published: May 2022

A suitable alternative to grid expansion has been found in renewable energy sources like wind, solar, and biomass. To put it another way, relying solely on one of the major renewable sources is both inefficient and expensive. As a result, an integrated renewable energy system is a viable option. The purpose of this article is to discuss the use of the Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) for renewable energy sizing in the current study area. For an autonomous microgrid network, the proposed technique finds the optimum system size on the basis of Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP). The proposed microgrid consists of PV panels, wind turbines, biomass generator and a battery storage system. The proposed GOA algorithm’s convergence efficiency in resolving the current optimization problem is investigated and compared with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) in the MATLAB software environment. The simulation results show that the GOA algorithm outperforms its counterparts, GA and PSO, in terms of system sizing.
Oxalic Acid Modification Improves the Removal Effect of Cr(VI) by Biochar through Three Important Means: Adsorption, Reduction and Mineralization
Authors: Min Fangfang , Chen Haoming , Ma Dehua
Published: May 2022

Oxalic acid, one of the common organic acids secreted by microorganisms, was used to modify the biochar of sludge (SB) and rice husk (RB), and the adsorption function of biochar was combined with the reductive property of oxalic acid to repair Cr(VI). The biochar materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR), and the mechanism of chromium hexavalent removal was studied. Adsorption experiments showed that the removal rate of Cr(VI) with the modified SB and RB was 1.68 and 2.19 mg/g within 4h, which was 7.4 and 33 times of that before modification. Oxalic acid modification can enhance the repair of Cr(VI) by biochar in three aspects: 1. increases the BET surface area (109.34-174.13%) and decrease the average pore width (86.3-93.7%) of biochar, which increases the adsorption sites. 2. the addition of reducing oxygen-containing functional groups improves biocahr reduction performance. 3. improve reduced and unreduced Cr ion forms stable minerals on the surface of biochar. Therefore, oxalic acid can not only improve the adsorption and reduction of Cr(VI) by biochar, but also further improve the fixation/passivation of Cr ion after reduction and reduce the migration of Cr ion
Adsorption of Ciprofloxacin and Tetracycline by Organically Modified Magnetic Bentonite
Authors: Tang Rui , Zhang Hanbing , Lu Caimei , Liu Kun , Yu Sishan , Tong Zhangfa
Published: May 2022

In order to endow magnetic bentonite (MB) with better magnetic separation and magnetic stability, obtain stronger adsorption of antibiotics, carboxymethylcellulose-chitosan/magnetic bentonite composite (MB/CC) was prepared by modifying previously fabricated MB with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and chitosan (CS). The characterization of MB/CC and the adsorption properties towards ciprofloxacin (CIP) and tetracycline (TC) was investigated. The characterization results revealed that CC improves the Fe3O4 stability and removal capability of CIP and TC for the final product. Adsorption results indicated that MB/CC exhibited superior adsorption performance for CIP (182 mg·g−1) and TC (189 mg·g−1). Adsorptive removal of CIP and TC by MB/CC was more than 90% even after 5 cycles of adsorption-desorption process. The adsorption process fitted well with the Langmuir model and the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The main steps during the successful adsorption process of MB/CC for CIP and TC includes pore diffusion, ion exchange and electrostatic interaction. MB/CC has advantages of simplified synthesis, convenient operation and high-efficiency, which could be deemed as a promising alternative adsorbent for antibiotics removal from wastewater.
High Uranium Extraction by Polydopamine Functionalized MXene from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Gu Pengcheng , Xia Dichen , Liu Yan , Chen Quan , Wang Lingling
Published: May 2022

MXenes were outstanding materials for aqueous environment remediation, MXenes with a high capacity for radionuclides uranium (U(VI)) remains a challenge. In this study, a noval polydopamine functionalized MXene (defined as MXene@PDA) was successfully synthesised and evaluated for the aggregation towards U(VI) from wastewater. Versatile PDA owing functional groups provided more sites to capture contaminant ions. The mechanism research with MXene@PDA was explored by batch experiments toghther with the XPS analyses. The results revealed MXene@PDA with abundant functional groups exhibited superior elimination ability (90.4 mg/g) at pH = 5.0. The mechanism of U(VI) on MXene@PDA was primarily ascribed to the surface complexation force between the UO22+ and -OH, NH2 groups. The PDA modification of MXene materials are proved to be excellent materials for the extraction of radionuclides in the aqueous solution.
de novo hATTR Amyloidose nach Domino-Lebertransplantation: Ein Fallbeispiel für den Einsatz von Patisiran
Authors: Schmidt Martina , Yilmaz Ali , Bietenbeck Michael , Schilling Matthias , Röcken Christoph , Schmidt Hartmut Hans-Jürgen
Published: May 2022

Die hereditäre Transthyretin-Amyloidose (hATTR-Amyloidose) ist eine seltene, schnell fortschreitende und potenziell lebensbedrohliche Krankheit, die durch eine von mehr als 120 Mutationen im Transthyretin (TTR)-Gen verursacht wird. Die Mehrzahl der Patienten entwickelt infolge der daraus resultierenden, kumulierenden Amyloidablagerungen insbesondere in den peripheren Nerven und dem Herzen im Laufe der Jahre eine progrediente, periphere sensomotorische Polyneuropathie und eine biventrikuläre Kardiomyopathie.

Da TTR – und damit auch seine amyloidogenen Varianten – überwiegend in der Leber synthetisiert wird, ist die frühe, orthotope Lebertransplantation (LTx) eine Therapieoption, mit der die Progression der hATTR-Amyloidose potenziell gestoppt werden kann.

Der vorliegende Fall beschreibt einen Patienten mit hepatozellulärem Karzinom, der im Rahmen einer Dominotransplantation das Organ einer Patientin mit hATTR erhalten hatte. Nach etwa 10 Jahren begann der Patient, die charakteristischen Symptome der Stoffwechselkrankheit zu entwickeln, was eine Re-Lebertransplantation erforderlich machte. Aufgrund einer weiteren Progression der Amyloidose wurde anschließend eine Therapie mit dem RNA-Interferenz-Therapeutikum Patisiran eingeleitet, die vorläufig zu einem Stopp der Progression führte.
Poly(ethylene glycol) Dimethyl Ethers (PEGDME): Efficient and Recyclable Solvents for Aryne-Involved Reactions
Authors: Chandrasekhar Srivari , Rai Shweta , Samatha Polasani , Addipilli Ramunaidu , Mainkar Prathama S. , Sripadi Prabhakar , Adepu Raju
Published: May 2022

A variety of aryne reactions are demonstrated in poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ethers (PEGDMEs) as solvents without the need of any additive. The reactions proceed efficiently and good yields of the desired products are observed with PEGDME. Further, the advantage of being able to recycle PEG solvents is demonstrated in this work.
Twin Study of Central Auditory Processing Disorder
Authors: Jerger James , Chmiel Rose , Tonini Ross , Murphy Emily , Kent Marilyn
Published: May 2022

We compared auditory, cognitive, and language test results in a pair of dizygotic twins, one of whom showed symptoms of central auditory processing disorder (CAPD). Results highlight the importance of testing binaural function. In particular, electrophysiologic measures of dichotic listening effectively demonstrated the auditory-specific nature of this child's listening problems. The importance of a thorough and comprehensive evaluation of children suspected of CAPD is stressed.

Abbreviations: ABR = auditory brainstem response, CAPD = central auditory processing disorder, CELF = Clinical Evaluation of Language Functions, ERP = event-related potential, PPST = Pitch Pattern Sequence Test, PST = Phonemic Synthesis Test, RASP = Rapidly Alternating Speech Perception, SCAN = Screening Test for Auditory Processing, SSW = Staggered Spondaic Word Test, TTC = Token Test for Children, WISC-III = Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III
Recognition of One-, Two-, and Three-Pair Dichotic Digits under Free and Directed Recall
Authors: Strouse Anne , Wilson Richard H.
Published: May 2022

A one-, two-, and three-pair dichotic digit test was administered to 180 subjects (20-79 years) with varying degrees of hearing sensitivity. The test was carried out under free- and directed-recall response conditions. The results indicated that recognition performance decreased as a function of increasing age. Statistical analysis using analysis of covariance indicated that differences in performance between age groups were not owing to differences in hearing sensitivity. Thus, with the effects of hearing sensitivity removed, age alone accounted for a significant portion of the variability in the data among age groups. Normative data for the free-recall condition are reported for the two lists of randomly interleaved one-, two-, and three-pair digits included on the Tonal and Speech Materials for Auditory Perceptual Assessment, Disc 2.0 (1998) compact disc. A comparison of performance in free- and directed-recall conditions indicated three patterns of results. First, 58 percent of the subjects had normal recognition performance for one-, two-, and three-pair digits under both recall conditions. Second, 39 percent of the subjects had a deficit in the free-recall condition, with normal performance in the directed-recall condition, which was interpreted as representing primarily a cognitive problem. Third, the remaining 3 percent of the subjects showed a deficit in both free- and directed-recall conditions, which was attributed primarily to an auditory problem.

Abbreviations: ANCOVA = analysis of covariance, ANOVA = analysis of variance, CD = compact disc, rau = rationalized arcsine unit
Suppression of non-axisymmetric field-induced α-particle loss channels in a quasi-axisymmetric stellarator
Authors: Zhang Yichao , Liu Haifeng , Huang Jie , Xu Yuhong , Zhang Jian , Shimizu Akihiro , Satake Shinsuke , Isobe Mitsutaka , Wang Xianqu , Cheng Jun , Liu Hai , Zhang Xin , Tang Changjian
Published: May 2022

In future fusion reactors, the confinement of α-particles is a crucial issue. The perfect omnigenity may be difficult to achieve in the quasi-isodynamic and quasi-symmetric stellarators when a multi-objective optimization is considered. Non-axisymmetric field can result in collisionless particles’ transport via localized trapping by ripples. Specific loss channels have been revealed to essentially exist in quasi-axisymmetric stellarators [Yang et al., Europhys. Lett. 129, 35001 (2020)] and W7-X [J. M. Faustin et al., Nucl. Fusion 56, 092006 (2016)]. It indicates a drastic loss of collisionless ions through these channels. This paper is devoted to investigate the effects of axisymmetry-breaking magnetic fields on collisionless α-particle transport in the CFQS (Chinese First Quasi-axisymmetric Stellarator) -like reactor configuration. A semi-analytic representation of radial and poloidal drifts in Boozer coordinates is given, by which we found an effective route to mitigate α-particle losses, i.e., adjusting the location of the quasi-axisymmetric radial position. Such a route enables the enhancement of the poloidal drift and decrease of radial drift in peripheral regions of the identified loss channels. The particles launched inside the quasi-axisymmetric radial surface can be well confined because localized particles that may fall in loss channels can transit into blocked particles near the quasi-axisymmetric surface, escaping from loss channels, which is beneficial for the improvement of the particle confinement. Moreover, this paper may provide a set of proxy functions for suppression of energetic particle losses to optimize stellarator configurations.
Simultaneous imaging and diffraction in the dynamic diamond anvil cell
Authors: Husband R. J. , Hagemann J. , O’Bannon E. F. , Liermann H.-P. , Glazyrin K. , Sneed D. T. , Lipp M. J. , Schropp A. , Evans W. J. , Jenei Zs.
Published: May 2022

The ability to visualize a sample undergoing a pressure-induced phase transition allows for the determination of kinetic parameters, such as the nucleation and growth rates of the high-pressure phase. For samples that are opaque to visible light (such as metallic systems), it is necessary to rely on x-ray imaging methods for sample visualization. Here, we present an experimental platform developed at beamline P02.2 at the PETRA III synchrotron radiation source, which is capable of performing simultaneous x-ray imaging and diffraction of samples that are dynamically compressed in piezo-driven diamond anvil cells. This setup utilizes a partially coherent monochromatic x-ray beam to perform lensless phase contrast imaging, which can be carried out using either a parallel- or focused-beam configuration. The capabilities of this platform are illustrated by experiments on dynamically compressed Ga and Ar. Melting and solidification were identified based on the observation of solid/liquid phase boundaries in the x-ray images and corresponding changes in the x-ray diffraction patterns collected during the transition, with significant edge enhancement observed in the x-ray images collected using the focused-beam. These results highlight the suitability of this technique for a variety of purposes, including melt curve determination.
Broadband composite pulse for quantum sensing with a solid-state spin in diamond
Authors: Dong Yang , Gao Xue-Dong , Yu Cui , Feng Zhi-Hong , Lin Hao-Bin , Chen Xiang-Dong , Zhu Wei , Sun Fang-Wen
Published: May 2022

High fidelity quantum operation of qubits plays an important role in realistic quantum sensing. It becomes more challenging when there are inevitable interactions between qubits in the solid system. We employ a composite pulse sequence to deal with the problems. The electron spin state of the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond is flipped with high fidelity by the composite pulse at room temperature. In contrast with traditional rectangular pulses, the composite pulse has a wider excitation profile at the same Rabi frequency. Hence, the three sublevels of host nitrogen nuclear spin can be flipped efficiently and simultaneously, which enhances the signal contrast and detection sensitivity of quantum sensing universally. The enhancement effect works over a wide range of bias magnetic fields. Our scheme can be used for sensing temperature, strain, and electric field and can be applied to other spin–spin coupling systems.
A method to fabricate nanoscale gaps in graphene nano-constrictions by electrical breakdown
Authors: Schmuck Oliver , Beretta Davide , Furrer Roman , Oswald Jacopo , Calame Michel
Published: May 2022

This work reports on a method to open nanoscale gaps in h-shaped graphene nano-constrictions by electrical breakdown at room temperature and pressure below 10−5 mbar. The method was validated on 275 devices, fabricated on eight different chips, using Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)-grown graphene from in-house production and from two commercial sources. The gap width was estimated by fitting the I–V traces after electrical breakdown with the Simmons model for the intermediate-voltage range. The statistics on the collected data demonstrates that the method results in normally distributed nanoscale gaps in h-shaped graphene nano-constrictions, with an estimated average width centered around 1 nm and a gap fabrication yield of 95%.
Surface polarization and recombination for quasi-2D and 3D methylammonium lead bromide light emitting diodes
Authors: Sun Xiaojuan , Han Changfeng , Wang Kai
Published: May 2022

In the aspect of charge injection for perovskite light emitting diodes (PeLEDs), the surface charge induced capacitive effect, also coined as surface polarization, can be generated. It may severally affect the electron–hole recombination for the electroluminescence. Here, a joint experimental and theoretical study was performed in order to unravel interior mechanisms for both quasi-two dimensional (quasi-2D) and three dimensional (3D) lead-bromide perovskites [i.e., PEA2(MAPbBr3)n−1PbBr4 and MAPbBr3] based PeLEDs. We have found a negative capacitive effect at low frequencies under the application of bias voltage from 1 to 3.5 V. This is in accordance with the surface polarization induced electron–hole recombination. Such a negative capacitive effect is more remarkable for the quasi-2D PEA2(MAPbBr3)n−1PbBr4 based PeLED. From our theoretical analyses, both surface recombination volumes (α) and lifetimes (τ) of the PeLED are bias dependent. Thus, despite ultrafast time responses (i.e., pico- to nano-seconds) for exciton dynamics, our study suggests that slow time responses (i.e., milliseconds to seconds) of the surface polarization induced recombination may contribute effectively for PeLED operations. The study indicates that the surface recombination is an alternative route for the electron–hole recombination upon electrical charge injection.
Complete Bell state measurement of diamond nuclear spins under a complete spatial symmetry at zero magnetic field
Authors: Reyes Raustin , Nakazato Takaya , Imaike Nobuaki , Matsuda Kazuyasu , Tsurumoto Kazuya , Sekiguchi Yuhei , Kosaka Hideo
Published: May 2022

The symmetry of the space where a spin qubit resides plays an essential role in the manipulation of quantum entanglement, which governs the performance of quantum information systems. Application of a magnetic field, which is usually necessary for spin manipulation and readout, inevitably breaks the spatial symmetry to induce competition among quantization axes between internal and external fields, thus limiting the purity of the entanglement. If we could manipulate and readout entanglement under a zero magnetic field, we would be able to avoid the competition among quantization axes to achieve ideally high fidelity. We here demonstrate the complete Bell state measurement, which is a core element of quantum processing, of two carbon nuclear spins in the vicinity of a diamond nitrogen-vacancy center. The demonstration was made possible by holonomic entanglement manipulations based on the geometric phase with a polarized microwave under a zero magnetic field, where the quantization axis is uniquely defined by the hyperfine field. The demonstrated scheme allows high-fidelity entanglement processing even when magnetic fields cannot be applied to the integration of superconducting and spin qubits, thereby paving the way for building fault-tolerant distributed quantum computers and quantum repeater networks.
Vortex breakdown in time-dependent electromagnetically driven flow between concentric spheres
Authors: Piedra S. , Rojas J. A. , Rivera I. , Figueroa A.
Published: May 2022

The electromagnetically driven flow in the wide gap of a concentric sphere system is studied experimentally and numerically in the laminar regime (Re≤1540). The azimuthal driving Lorentz force is primarily promoted by the interaction of a direct current and a dipolar magnetic field. The current is injected through two ring-shaped copper electrodes located at the equatorial zone of each sphere, and the magnetic field is produced by a permanent magnet located inside the inner sphere. Velocity profiles for the azimuthal component in the equatorial plane were obtained with particle image velocimetry, and the radial velocity component of the flow was recorded using ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry. Laser-fluorescein technique was used for flow visualization. It was found that for a critical electric current (Re = 1140), an instability occurs and the flow becomes time-dependent. We found, theoretically and experimentally, a vortex breakdown structure at each of the polar zones of the spherical gap, and to the best knowledge of the authors, this is the first time it is reported with electromagnetic forcing. A full three-dimensional numerical simulation reproduces the experimental observations qualitatively and quantitatively.