bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Productivity of winter garlic in the conditions of the Left-bank Forest steppe of Ukraine and molecular-genetic polymorphism of the researched varieties
Authors:   Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V.V. Dokuchaiev, Yaroviy G.I. , Filimonova O.I. ,   Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V.V. Dokuchaiev, Romanov O.V. ,   Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V.V. Dokuchaiev, Hordiienko I.M. ,   Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V.V. Dokuchaiev
Published: May 2021

In Ukraine, the area under garlic is increasing and as of 2020 amounted to 1,100 hectares, due to the high profitability of production and constant demand in both domestic and foreign markets. At the same time, the evaluation of existing and new varieties of winter garlic is important for further growth in yields of this important crop. The aim of the research is to assess the genetic diversity of the studied varieties of winter garlic by ISSR loci and to determine the most productive in the conditions of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Winter garlic varieties Duchess, Lyubasha and Hungarian (line 20-16) were used for the research. The highest level of marketable yield (14.1 t / ha) was obtained when growing winter garlic of Lyubasha. The Hungarian variety (Line 20-16) provided a yield of 12.9 t / ha, the Duchess variety 9.4 t / ha. The formation of winter garlic yield by 12.3 % depended on the characteristics of the variety, the influence of the growing season was 87.3 %. Agronomically stable (As ˃ 70 %) was the winter garlic variety Hungarian (Line 20-16) with As = 73.8 %. Based on the above studies, allelic formulas (molecular genetic passports) of winter garlic varieties Hungarian (Line 20-16), Lyubasha and Duchess were formed. In the studied varieties of winter garlic, several amplicons were found, unique within the study group. The UCC812725 and UBC 812902 loci were unique in the Duchess variety, and the UBC 812791 and UBC 842702 loci were unique in the Lyubasha variety. The calculated Nei–Li similarity coefficients indicate a significant genetic similarity of the studied varieties of winter garlic. The Lyubasha and Duchess varieties are genetically closer to each other than the Hungarian varieties (Line 20-16).
Efficacité et tolérance de la kétamine en douleur cancéreuse : revue systématique de la littérature
Authors: Salas S. , Bruge-Ansel M.
Published: May 2021

Introduction : La douleur est un symptôme commun chez 30 à 40 % des patients atteints d’un cancer, tous stades confondus de la maladie ; 15 à 30 % d’entre eux souffrent d’une douleur dite réfractaire aux opioïdes. La littérature de ces dernières années a décrit la kétamine, à dose subanesthésique, comme un intéressant adjuvant aux opioïdes, pour la prise en charge des douleurs cancéreuses réfractaires. L’objectif de cette revue de la littérature est d’évaluer l’état actuel des connaissances sur l’efficacité et la tolérance de la kétamine dans la gestion de la douleur chronique liée au cancer.

Méthode : Nous avons analysé 12 articles publiés entre 1999 et 2019, traitant de l’utilisation de la kétamine pour la gestion des douleurs cancéreuses.

Résultats : Parmi les articles sélectionnés, quatre remplissaient des critères méthodologiques scientifiquement validés. Trois de ces essais cliniques randomisés, en double insu, contrôlés par placebo, concluaient à une absence d’efficacité de la kétamine. Les populations analysées et les protocoles d’administration de la kétamine étaient très hétérogènes. Les bénéfices suggérés concerneraient principalement l’épargne morphinique, dans une certaine population de patients, apparaissant comme bons répondeurs, mais dont les caractéristiques semblent imprécises. La kétamine paraît plutôt bien tolérée dans la plupart de ces études, avec des effets secondaires légers, réversibles à l’arrêt du traitement.

Conclusion : Il subsiste de nombreuses questions sans réponse, quant à l’efficacité de la kétamine dans la gestion de la douleur cancéreuse. Des études supplémentaires doivent être menées dans les prochaines années afin d’y répondre et d’apporter un bénéfice en pratique clinique.
Flow-diverter stents in the early management of acutely ruptured brain aneurysms: effective rebleeding protection with low thromboembolic complications
Authors: Cohen José E. , Gomori J. Moshe , Moscovici Samuel , Kaye Andrew H. , Shoshan Yigal , Spektor Sergey , Leker Ronen R.
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVE

Flow-diverter stents (FDSs) are not generally used for the management of acutely ruptured aneurysms with associated subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Herein, the authors present their experience with FDSs in this scenario, focusing on the antiplatelet regimen, perioperative management, and outcome.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively reviewed their institutional database for the treatment and outcomes of all patients with acutely ruptured aneurysms and associated SAH from July 2010 to September 2018 who had received an FDS implant as stand-alone treatment within 4 days after diagnosis. The protocol with the use of flow diversion in these patients includes a low threshold for placement of external ventricular drains before stenting, followed by the administration of aspirin and clopidogrel with platelet testing before stent implantation. With this approach, the risk of hemorrhage and stent-related thrombus formation is limited. Demographic, clinical, technical, and imaging data were analyzed.

RESULTS

Overall, 76 patients (61% females, mean age 42.8 ± 11.3 years) met the inclusion criteria. FDS implantation was performed a median of 2 days after diagnosis. On average, 1.05 devices were used per procedure. There was no procedural mortality directly attributed to the endovascular intervention. Procedural device-related clinical complications were recorded in a total of 6 cases (7.9%) and resulted in permanent neurological morbidity in 2 cases (2.6%). There was complete immediate aneurysm occlusion in 11 patients (14.5%), and persistent aneurysm filling was seen in 65 patients (85.5%). Despite this, no patient presented with rebleeding from the target aneurysm. There was an excellent clinical outcome in 62 patients (81.6%), who had a 90-day modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2. Among the 71 survivors, total or near-total occlusion was observed in 64/67 patients (95.5%) with a 3- to 6-month angiographic follow-up and in all cases evaluated at 12 months. Five patients (6.6%) died during follow-up for reasons unrelated to the procedure or new hemorrhage.

CONCLUSIONS

Flow diversion is an effective therapeutic strategy for the management of select acutely ruptured aneurysms. Despite low rates of immediate aneurysm occlusion after FDS implantation, the device exerts an important protective effect. The authors’ experience confirmed no aneurysm rerupture, high rates of delayed complete occlusion, and complication rates that compare favorably with the rates obtained using other techniques.
PARAMETER-PARAMETER FISIKA UNTUK MENGUNGKAP STRUKTUR STATIS BAWAH PERMUKAAN GUNUNGAPI
Authors: Ayub Syahrial , Zuhdi Muhammad , Taufik Muhammad
Published: May 2021

ABSTRAKParameter-parameter fisika gunungapi diungkap dengan metode geofisika. Survei kakas gravitasi dan magnetik  yang menghasilkan anomali positive bagi medan gravitasi dan magnetiknya, mengungkap struktur statis bawah permukaannya. Analisis tremor volkanik mengungkap dinamika internalnya. Gerakan-gerakan (aliran) fluida magma di dalam gunungapi menjadi sumber getar yang memancarkan gelombang seismik yang di sebut tremor volkanik. Lokasi, migrasi, daya pancar, bentuk geometri sistem pipa-kantong magma, periodisasi, model matematis dan sebagainya. Gempa volkanik yang disebabkan aktivitas magma dapat dijadikan indikator. Hasil pengeplotan posisi hiposenter dan episenter terhadap gempa volkanik yang terjadi, juga dapat mengungkap struktur statis bawah permukaan gunungapi. Kata Kunci : parameter-parameter fisika gunungapi; struktur statis bawah permukaanbawah permukaan ABSTRACTUsing methods of geophysics, physical parameters of volcano are described. Gravity and magnetic surveys yield positive anomaly on their fields, which can be interpreted as an accumulated material beneath the surface with certain values of its mass density and magnetic susceptibility. Analysis of volcanic tremor at the volcano to the knowledge of its internal dynamics. Fluid magma movements inside a volcano acts as source of vibrations which radiate sesmic wave called volcanic tremor. Location, migration, radiation power, geometry of magma chamber-pipe system, periodicities, mathematical models, etc. Volcanic earthquakes caused by magma activity can also be used as indicators. The results of the hypocenter and epicenter position of the volcanic earthquake that occurred, can also reveal the subsurface static structure of the volcano. Keywords : physical parameters;subsurface static structure
STUDI META ANALISIS PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA
Authors: Astutik Reny Dwi , Jauhariyah Mukhayyarotin Niswati Rodliyatul
Published: May 2021

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh problem based learning dalam pembelajaran fisika yang ditinjau secara keseluruhan, jenjang pendidikan, hasil penelitian atau variabel respon, materi, dan media yang digunakan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan meta analisis. Adapun alur penelitian meta analisis adalah menentukan topik penelitian, menetapkan kriteria pemilihan data, mencari data, mengelompokkan informasi data, kemudian menganalisis data dan menyimpulkan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan data sekunder yang berasal dari penelitian terdahulu berupa 23 artikel publikasi ilmiah. Teknik analisis data menggunakan besaran effect size. Hasil meta analisis ini menyimpulkan bahwa penerapan problem based learning berpengaruh besar dalam pembelajaran fisika dengan nilai effect size rata-rata sebesar 0,524. Penerapan problem based learning dalam pembelajaran fisika berpengaruh besar apabila diterapkan pada jenjang perguruan tinggi, menghasilkan output meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif, menggunakan pokok bahasan cahaya, dan dibantu media pembelajaran secara virtual berupa video based laboratory. Kata kunci: meta analisis; problem based learning; pembelajaran fisika. ABSTRACTThis study aims to analyze the effect of problem-based learning in physics learning that is reviewed as overall, school level, research results or response variables, subject matter, and the media used. This research method uses meta-analysis. The meta-analysis research stage is to determine the research topic, determine data selection criteria, search for data, classify data information, then analyze the data and making conclusion. The data collection technique uses secondary data from previous research of 23 scientific publication articles. The data analysis technique uses the effect size. The results of this meta-analysis concluded that the implementation of problem-based learning had a great effect on learning physics with an average effect size of 0.524. The application of problem-based learning in physics learning had a great effect when applied at the tertiary level, increasing creative thinking skills, using light as the subject matter, and assisted by virtual learning media in the form of a video-based laboratory. Keywords: meta-analysis; problem-based learning; physics learning.
Testing Technical Trading Rules: Evidence from SAARC Countries
Authors: Anees Faisal , Haider Hashmi Shujahat , Asad Muhammad
Published: May 2021

Technical analysis is widely accepted tool in professional place which is frequently used for investment decisions. Technical analysis beliefs that there exist patterns and trends and by capturing trends and patterns one can bless with above average profits. We test two technical strategies: Moving averages and Trading Range to question, either these techniques can yield profitable returns with the help of historical data. Representative daily indices of Four countries namely Pakistan, India, Srilanka, Bangladesh ranging from 1997 to 2011 have been examined. In case of Moving Average Rule, both simple and exponential averages have been examined to test eleven different short term and long term rules with and without band condition. Our results delivered that buy signals generate consistent above average returns for the all sub periods and sell signals generate lower returns than the normal returns. Intriguing observation is that Exponential average generates higher returns than the Simple Average. The results of Trading Range Break strategy are parallel with Moving average Method. However, Trading Range Strategy found not to give higher average higher return when compared with Moving Averages Rules and degree of volatility in returns is higher when compared with moving Average rule. In attempt to conclude, there exist patterns and trends that yield above average and below average returns which justify the validity of technical analysis.
Anthropometric traits and physical performance of amateur rugby players within specific playing positions
Authors: Zabaloy Santiago , Alcaraz Pedro E. , Pereira Lucas A. , Giráldez Julián , González Javier Gálvez , Loturco Irineu , Freitas Tomás T.
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND:

This study examined the differences in physical and anthropometric traits between specific playing positions (i.e., forwards: front row, second row, back row; backs: half backs, centers, wings/fullbacks) in amateur rugby players and analyzed the magnitude of correlations among jump, sprint, and strength measures in forwards and backs.

METHOD:

Sixty-four male rugby players were assessed in anthropometrics, a variety of vertical jumps, 10- and 30-m sprint, and strength tests (i.e., squat and bench press).

RESULTS:

Front row forwards (F[Formula: see text]) demonstrated significantly higher body mass (BM) than second row (F[Formula: see text]) and back row (F[Formula: see text]) (107.4 [Formula: see text] 12.8, 99.1 [Formula: see text] 9.9 and 91.6 [Formula: see text] 7.6 kg respectively; [Formula: see text] 0.001). F[Formula: see text] showed greater absolute strength in bench press and squat, although no differences were found in relative strength. Regarding the differences in jump performance, F[Formula: see text] and F[Formula: see text] showed significantly ([Formula: see text] 0.05) and significant to non-significant ([Formula: see text] 0.042–0.078, ES [Formula: see text] 0.90–1.55) higher jumps in all tasks compared to F[Formula: see text]. Moreover, F[Formula: see text] demonstrated lower sprint times and greater maximum sprinting speed (MSS) than F[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] 0.01). For the backs, centers (B[Formula: see text]) were significantly heavier ([Formula: see text] 0.05) and exhibited a non-significantly moderate larger sprint momentum ([Formula: see text] 0.068, ES [Formula: see text] 0.75) compared to half backs (B[Formula: see text]). MSS values were small to moderately greater in favor of wings/fullbacks [B[Formula: see text]] ([Formula: see text] 0.188–0.059, ES [Formula: see text] 0.50–0.71). Finally, statistically significant correlations were found between drop jump (flight time) and jump height across all jump tasks, sprint times and speed for both forwards ([Formula: see text] 0.541 to 0.996, [Formula: see text] 0.001) and backs ([Formula: see text] 0.422 to 0.995, [Formula: see text] 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:

In conclusion, F[Formula: see text] demonstrated significant, small to very large differences, when compared to their specific peers, whereas the backs were more similar. Additionally, our results indicated moderate to strong associations between explosive tasks such as sprinting and jumping in both playing positions.
A smart learning assistance tool for inclusive education
Authors: Srivastava Sangeeta , Varshney Ashwani , Katyal Supriya , Kaur Ravneet , Gaur Vibha
Published: May 2021

The government has established special schools to cater to the needs of children with disabilities but they are often segregated rather than receiving equitable opportunities. Artificial Intelligence has opened new ways to promote special education with advanced learning tools. These tools enable to adapt to a typical classroom set up for all the students with or without disabilities. To ensure social equity and the same classroom experience, a coherent solution is envisioned for inclusive education. This paper aims to propose a cost-effective and integrated Smart Learning Assistance (SLA) tool for Inclusive Education using Deep Learning and Computer Vision techniques. It comprises speech to text and sign language conversion for hearing impaired students, sign language to text conversion for speech impaired students, and Braille to text for communicating with visually impaired students. The tool assists differently-abled students to make use of various teaching-learning opportunities conferred to them and ensures convenient two-way communication with the instructor and peers in the classroom thus makes learning easier.
The analysis of the range of sugar-reducing medicines presented on the pharmaceutical market of the republic of Tajikistan
Authors: Рахімова М. Х. , Мусозода С. М. , Шпичак О. С.
Published: May 2021

The diabetes is one of the most pressing medical and social problems in the health care system of most countries, including Tajikistan. According to experts from the International Health Organization, this disease is a problem for all segments of the population and age groups. In this regard, the modernization of the price regulation system in order to provide consumers with highly effective, harmless and affordable antidiabetic drugs is an urgent task of the health care and public protection system of the Republic of Tajikistan.

The aim of the work is to study the range of drugs registered in the Republic of Tajikistan for the treatment of diabetes. The object of the study were scientific sources, statistics, price indicators, official websites of authorized publications on registered medicines. The research was conducted using methods of analysis, systematization and generalization, mathematical and statistical calculations.

The range of oral hypoglycemic drugs presented on the pharmaceutical market of the Republic of Tajikistan was studied and the analysis of the pharmaceutical market of oral antidiabetic drugs by countries-manufacturers, dosage forms, groups of anatomical-therapeutic-chemical (ATC) classification was carried out. On March 1, 2021, 70 trade names of oral hypoglycemic drugs were registered. The range of drugs is mainly represented by drugs from the group of sulfanylurea derivatives (21 trade names of drugs or 30% of the total number of drugs in this group), as well as drugs from the group of biguanide derivatives (17 trade names of drugs or 24.28% of their total quantity). In the structure of deliveries of oral hypoglycemic drugs the leading positions are occupied by India – 31.25% (15 LP), Pakistan – 22.91% (11 LP), Ukraine – 14.58% (7 LP), Belarus and Germany – 6.25% each. (3 LP each). Registered 8 names of insulin preparations for injection in the form of vials (5 ml and 10 ml) and cartridges made in Ukraine («Farmak», «Indar») and India («Wockhardt Limited») and in pre-filled syringe pens produced by the company «Indar», Ukraine.
Oral allergy syndrome and angioedema in patients with birch allergen sensitization: are there any high risks?
Authors:   Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Lepeshkova T.S. , Beltyukov E.K. ,   Ural State Medical University, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Tsarkova S.A. ,   Ural State Medical University, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Naumova V.V. ,   Ural State Medical University, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Published: May 2021

Aim: to study the sensitization profile in patients with sensitivity to Bet v1 allergen who have clinically significant respiratory symptoms of pollinosis during the birch flowering season, oral allergy syndrome (OAS), and angioedema to nuts and stone fruits. Patients and Methods: a prospective open-label study included 40 children (average age 7.52±0.64), 26 (65%) boys and 14 (35%) girls. All children had sensitization to the birch major allergen (Bet v1), symptoms of respiratory allergy during the birch flowering season, manifestations of OAS with angioedema in combination with hives or without it after eating fruits of Rosaceae family/nuts/peanuts. Children underwent general clinical and allergy researches, determination of total IgE and eosinophil cationic protein. By the method of component-resolved diagnosis of allergy (ISAC-112, ImmunoCAP), a comprehensive allergology examination for 112 allergen molecules was performed for each child. Results: the children of the study group were found to have increased values of total IgE (256.66±40.45 IU/mL) and eosinophil cationic protein (67.22±8.67 ng/mL). It was found that 57.5% of children were sensitized to tree nut storage proteins (rJug r1, rJug r2, NCoR a9, rAna o2, rBer e1), and some patients (27.5%) had increased specific IgE to non-specific lipid-transfer proteins (npLTPs) (rPru p3, NCoR a8, rAra h9, rJug r3). Antibodies to peanut storage proteins (rAra h1, rAra h2, rAra h3, rAra h6) were in 22.5% of children in the study group. Conclusion: the component-resolved diagnosis of allergy allows to determine the sensitization profile of patients. Sensitization detection to storage proteins and/or nsLTPs of nuts, peanuts and fruits is a predictor of possible severe allergic reactions. The exclusion of these products, both raw and heat-treated, reduces the number of severe acute allergic reactions in patients and prevents possible fatal outcomes. KEYWORDS: oral allergy syndrome, angioedema, children, birch, sensitization to Bet v1 allergen, storage proteins, nsLTPs. FOR CITATION: Lepeshkova T.S., Beltyukov E.K., Tsarkova S.A., Naumova V.V. Oral allergy syndrome and angioedema in patients with birch allergen sensitization: are there any high risks? Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(1):21–24. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-1-21-24.
Control of allergic rhinitis symptoms in adults in the Russian Federation: online survey results
Authors:   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation, Nenasheva N.M. , Shilenkova V.V. ,   Yaroslavl State Medical University, Yaroslavl, Russian Federation
Published: May 2021

Aim: subjective assessment by patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) of the efficacy in control of the main symptoms, seeking medical care for AR symptoms and general treatment methods. Patients and Methods: from April to August 2020, a study was conducted of 328 adult respondents (buyers of medicines for the AR treatment: antihistamines and/or intranasal corticosteroids), who voluntarily agreed to an online survey. 164 respondents purchased medicines based on the prescription or doctor recommendation, while other 164 chose medicines independently. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess the severity of individual AR symptoms (nasal congestion, runny nose/nasal discharge, sneezing, itchy nose, cough), as well as eye and general symptoms (general malaise, drowsiness, headache). Results: 56% of respondents had persistent AR symptoms. Herewith, 60% of respondents suffered from seasonal AR, 40% — perennial AR. 52% of respondents had a mild AR form. However, the main triad of AR symptoms (nasal congestion, rhinorrhea and sneezing), despite the non-severe AR form in the absolute majority of respondents corresponded to moderate or severe severity (VAS>5) and indicated a lack of AR control. 31% of those surveyed experienced severe AR symptoms that disrupted daytime activity and sleep. The respondents were most concerned about nasal congestion, runny nose/rhinorrhea, and sneezing (the average VAS score was 7.3, 7.1, and 6.5, respectively). The frequency of visits to the doctor for AR was very low: 95% of respondents visited their doctor no more than once a year, while 48% of them — every few years. The first choice in therapy was antihistamines, regardless of the presence or absence of doctor’s recommendation. In second place were decongestants, in third — intranasal corticosteroids, which were more commonly purchased on the doctor’s recommendation. Conclusion: adult respondents with a suspected diagnosis of AR, despite uncontrolled and marked symptoms, underestimate their disease, rarely consult a doctor, and prefer to follow the recommendations of relatives and friends or pharmacists for treatment. The lack of AR control among adults in our country is obvious and requires the active participation of the medical and pharmaceutical community for salvation of such problem. KEYWORDS: allergic rhinitis, visual analog scale, control of allergic rhinitis symptoms, survey, therapy choice, severity of allergic rhinitis symptoms. FOR CITATION: Nenasheva N.M., Shilenkova V.V. Control of allergic rhinitis symptoms in adults in the Russian Federation: online survey results. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(1):25–31. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-1-25-31.
Pollen allergy and supporting information resources
Authors:   Academician E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University, Perm, Russian Federation, Minaeva N.V. , Shiryaeva D.M. ,   Academician E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University, Perm, Russian Federation
Published: May 2021

Dramatic progress of computer technologies triggered the development of global information space covering almost all areas of human activity. Medical sciences including allergy were no exception. Pollen allergy is a common condition characterized by regional and geographic specifics. Current modalities provide distance relationship between the doctor and patient with pollen allergy, optimize treatment and prevention of exacerbations, and improve the quality of life. There are three types of online resources for patients with pollen allergy, i.e., (1) pollen monitoring and pollen count measurements, (2) pollen allergy clinical sign maps, and (3) resources predicting the risk of exacerbations which contain additional important information. This paper addresses current Russian and European internet resources for patients with pollen allergy. European information programs are a part of public health system being a single network that functions stably for many decades. Domestic online resources have recently appeared and their functioning is unstable. However, these online resources are characterized by promising future development. KEYWORDS: hay fever, pollen allergy, pollen monitoring, symptom, prediction, information resources, internet. FOR CITATION: Minaeva N.V., Shiryaeva D.M. Pollen allergy and supporting information resources. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(1):38–42. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-1-38-42.
Modern laboratory diagnostic methods of allergy to help the practicing physician
Authors:   Children’s City Clinical Hospital No. 9 named after G.N. Speransky, Moscow, Russian Federation, Rybnikova E.A. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Prodeus A.P. ,   Children’s City Clinical Hospital No. 9 named after G.N. Speransky, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Higher School of Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation, Fedoskova T.G. ,   State Research Center “Institute of Immunology» of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: May 2021

The prevalence of allergic diseases in the population varies in different countries from 10 to 40%. Improving the quality of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of allergic diseases is an urgent public health problem. The article deals with the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture and diagnosis of allergic diseases. The main stages of allergy diagnosis include a number of specific and non-specific examination methods. In particular, the authors consider various methods of laboratory diagnostics, discuss the indications and contraindications, and the benefits and drawbacks of various diagnostic methods. Although skin testing conducted by an allergist is the gold standard for the diagnosis of allergies, it has several contraindications and limitations, in the presence of which it is possible to perform laboratory diagnostic methods in vitro. For laboratory tests, it is necessary to choose a laboratory that uses modern methods of the third generation with an accuracy of 0.1 kU/L to detect allergic reactions, starting with the first class of significance. However, despite the importance of laboratory diagnostic methods, the conclusion should be made only after comparing with the following: clinical picture, data of the allergic, pharmacolo gical and food history, results of instrumental studies and skin tests (in t he absence of contraindications to their use). KEYWORDS: atopy, allergy, laboratory diagnostics, immunochemiluminescence assay, skin test, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, dermato-pulmonary syndrome. FOR CITATION: Rybnikova E.A., Prodeus A.P., Fedoskova T.G. Modern laboratory diagnostic methods of allergy to help the practicing physician. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(1):43–49. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-1-43-49.
The effect of excitation light source and humidity to photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 nanosheets for NO removal
Authors: Tran Vinh Hoang The , Huynh Tu Cam , Pham Viet Van
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Photocatalysis using nanostructured semiconductors is the potential strategy to solve the problem of environmental pollution. Besides traditional semiconductor materials, the novel polymeric metal-free semiconductor g-C3N4 has emerged as a potential substitute material because of its many outstanding features.
Methods: This study successfully synthesized two dimensions (2D)-structured g-C3N4 nanosheets by a simple thermal-exfoliation method with annealing route at 2 oC/min. Firstly, melamine was placed in a ceramic crucible with cover and then undergone the annealing route at 550 oC for 2 h to develop into the g-C3N4 bulk. Then the assynthesized g-C3N4 bulk was further annealed without the cover at 550 oC for 2 h to form the final product, g-C3N4 nanosheets.
Results: The results of XRD patterns and FTIR spectra show two typical diffractions peaks and chemical bonds that characterize the g-C3N4 matrix. The TEM images demonstrated that the as-prepared g-C3N4 possesses 2D-structured material, including several singly exfoliated sheets with a width of around several hundred nanometers. The photocatalytic NO removal efficiency of g-C3N4 nanosheets is highest at 48.27% under 30 min solar irradiation at 70% humidity. Meanwhile, the NO2 conversion yield is very low, only 9.44%, much smaller than the NO decomposition efficiency to form NO3 􀀀 ion products. The results of trapping tests indicated that the hole plays the most critical role in the photocatalytic process of g-C3N4 nanosheets. Especially, the photocatalytic NO removal efficiency still achieves 45.03% after the recycling test. Moreover, all characteristic peaks and chemical bonds in material remain even undergoing fifth times reuse as the results of XRD and FTIR.
Conclusion: From various modern analytic characterization methods and photocatalytic investigation, we can concluse that g-C3N4 nanosheets are very stable and possible to apply in practical applications to decompose NO gas at atmospheric conditions.
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON PREGNANCY OUTCOMES: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Yousaf Farah , Mubeen Sadaf , Javaid Amna , Rafique Muhammad Aamir , Ramzan Hafiza Sobia
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Atypical pneumonia known as coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is highly infectious and is currently spreading rapidly around the globe.

Objectives: The main objective of the study is to analyses the impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcomes among local population of Pakistan.

Material and Methods: This cross sectional observational study was conducted in Lady Aitchison Hospital during September 2019 to August 2020. The data was collected through systematically designed questionnaire. Clinical characteristics, examination results, and treatment course were extracted from their medical records. For mothers, we collected socio demographic data, educational attainment, and occupation, maternal parity, medical history records, laboratory tests, and intensive care unit [ICU] admission.

Results: The data was collected from 685 patients. The two groups of pregnant women were compared in terms of severe preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, premature rupture of membranes, fetal distress, maternal mortality, IUD, fecal staining of amniotic fluid, premature birth, neonatal asphyxia, Abruption or other compression sutures, and there was no significant difference Significance (all P >0.05); the proportion of IUD in the COVID-19 group was higher than that in the non COVID-19 group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant.

Conclusion: It is concluded that those patients who visited the hospital during COVID-19 pandemics have high rate of IUD, placenta abruption and maternal death.

Keywords: IUD., COVID-19
LASER IN PERIODONTOLOGY- A REVIEW
Authors: Jaryal Shilpa , Chhina Jageer , Kaur Gurpreet , Jaryal Shilpa
Published: May 2021

Lasers are used in implant and periodontal field practices. Laser has various periodontal applications including calculus removal, decontamination of root and implant surfaces and bio stimulation, incision and ablation, osseous surgery, excision of the soft tissue, and bacterial reduction. There is a strong evidence that laser is used for surgical and nonsurgical periodontal therapies including root bio modification, bacterial decline and decontamination of infected implant surface, and removal of the pocket epithelium.Waterlase® and Periowave™ systems are recent devices that have further revolutionized the laser technology for its favorable clinical applications; however, the procedural cost with the laser device constitutes an obstacle for its routine application.

Keywords: laser, biomodulation, fluorencence, LANAP
Comparison of Motor Skills and Postures of Elite Male Teenage Volleyball and Basketball Players
Authors:   Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Central Tehran Branch, Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Fatahi Ali , Panjehzadeh Behshad ,   Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Central Tehran Branch, Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Koreli Zahrah ,   Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Central Tehran Branch, Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Zehtab Asghari Haniyeh ,   Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Central Tehran Branch, Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: May 2021

Objective: To achieve the excellent levels of athletic performance, professional athletes need to do continuous exercises and strengthen special muscles of the body and have to spend a lot of time training in that sport. As a result, depending on the prevailing condition of each sport, the physical orientation and the degree of abnormalities of the athletes in that sport are affected. Methods: The current study is descriptive and cross-sectional. The statistical population was 12-14 years old boys in middle and high school. The statistical sample of this study included 30 people (13 volleyball players and 17 basketball players) with a targeted training rate of at least three sessions per week. The Chippaux Smirak Index (CSI) method was used to evaluate the arch of the foot and to determine the angles and degrees of kyphosis and lordosis in radiographs. Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used to compare the variables of motor skills and posture by SPSS V. 18 at a significant level of 0.05. Results: The results of independent t-test to compare the variables of motor skills in the two groups of volleyball and basketball show that there is a significant difference between the two groups in the Sargent test and 4mX9m (P=0.000) (P≥0.05). The results were different in strength test (P=0.41) and Sit-up (P=0.75) so that there was no significant difference between the two groups (P≥0.05). The results of Mann-Whitney test to compare posture-related variables showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in any of the parameters of varus, valgus, pronation, supination, lordosis, kyphosis, foot flat (P≥0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that volleyball players have more impressive and explosive power than basketball players, but in terms of muscle strength and endurance, there is not much difference between these two groups, which is probably due to the nature and specific characteristics of their sports. Therefore, it seems necessary to pay more attention to athletes’ training programs to improve their motor skills and physical condition. In this study, the behavior and common habits of the subjects in interaction with the environment and hereditary characteristics have not been studied, so more research is needed in the etiology of musculoskeletal abnormalities.
Comparison of Postural Control Between Different Age Groups of Girls With Intellectual Disability
Authors:   Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran., Habibi Masouleh Zahra , Shamsi Majalani Ali ,   Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran., Sedaghati Parisa ,   Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
Published: May 2021

Objective: The control ability different positions of body in space was due to interaction between neural, sensory, and muscle-skeletal systems, which is generally defined as postural control. Limitations in mobility: The prevalence of balance and gait problems is also high in persons with intellectual disabilities. Thus, the present research aimed to examine the effect of visual, proprioception, and vestibular systems manipulation on postural control in three groups of girls with Intellectual Disability. Methods: The method of the present study is comparative-causative. The statistical population of this study was all girls with oral disabilities in special schools in Rasht. Sixty girls with Intellectual Disability were assessed in groups of 7-9, 10-12, and 18-16 years old (N=20). Postural control was evaluated in four conditions: open and closed eyes and on hard and soft surfaces. Collected data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc test via SPSS software, V. 21 (P<0.05). Results: The research findings indicated that there were significant differences in postural control in all of the three groups. Based on the results in conditions 1, 2, and 3, there are significant differences between groups 1 and 3 and 2 and 3. Conclusion: These results support recent findings suggesting that Sensory systems for children with Intellectual Disabilities up to the age of 16-18 are still growing and maturing in terms of organizing and integrating with other systems in postural control. In each of the three age groups, the central nervous system, based on the proprioception information, provided better postural control.
Investigating the Asymmetric Bimanual Coordination Differences in Male and Female Athletes in Ball and Non-ball Sports
Authors:   Department of Motor Behavior and Sport Psychology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran., Khanjari Yaser , Arabameri Elahe ,   Department of Motor Behavior and Sport Psychology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Published: May 2021

Objective: Bilateral coordination skills are one of the key factors in performing simple to skillful sports task, so far the differences between ball and non-ball fields have not been determined. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the differences in asymmetric bilateral coordination between male and female athletes in ballplayers and non-ballplayers. Methods: The samples of this study were randomly selected from the young girls and boys (Mean±SD of age 26.00±4.50) in ball fields (14) and non-ball fields (16) of the Faculty of Physical Education of the University of Tehran. All subjects had complete visual acuity and the consent form of the research. The instrument of Vienna was used to measure peripheral visual. Results: The statistical results of MANOVA test showed that there is significant difference in asymmetrical bilateral coordination between ballplayers and non-ballplayers and girls and boys (P≥0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that asymmetric bilateral coordination performing in ball players had better than non-ball players and girls than boys. According the importance of bimanual coordination skills in the implementation of championship sports, as well as considering gender differences and the positive impact of ball exercises on ball coordination, sports coaches can provide training, especially at a younger age, to facilitate learning of this fundamental skill.
The Relationship Between Functional Movement Screening With Fitness Factors in Female Athlete Students
Authors:   Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran., Entezami Maral , Daneshmandi Hasan ,   Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran., Shamsi Majelan Ali ,   Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
Published: May 2021

Objective: The study examines the relationship between Functional Movement Screening (FMS) tests with fitness factors in female athlete students. Methods: The study population includes 30 female athlete students (Mean±SD of age: 23.36±3.10; height: 163.45±5.06; and 57.40±6.43). FMS test was used for measuring movement patterns. Sargent test was used to measure lower limb power, Y-test was used to measure dynamic balance, Stork test was used to measure static balance, and flexor/extensor muscle endurance tests were also used to measure trunk muscle endurance. In addition, Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between scores of functional motion screening and fitness factors. Multivariate regression was used to solve the linear regression equation. The data analyzed in SPSS software, V. 22 at significance level of P≥0.05. Results: Our results showed no significant relationship between FMS test with fitness factors (P>0.05). Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between total score of FMS test with fitness factors. It seems that FMS addresses the quality of basic motor activities while fitness factors determine sport skills; thus, FMS scores can’t explain fitness factors.
Comparing the Pattern of Lower Limb Joints Coordination in an Optional and Selective Sprint Start of Elite Women Runners
Authors:   Department of Sport Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran., Bahadori Zahra , Koohestani Moein ,   Department of Sport Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran., Sadeghi Heydar ,   Department of Sports Biomechanics, Institute of Motor Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: May 2021

Objective: The sprint start is a complex skill characterized by a multi-joint and multi-plane task requiring complex muscle coordination to reach a large force exerted in the horizontal direction in a short time. Previous studies indicated that efficient acceleration over the first portion of a race is influenced by how a sprinter is positioned in the set command blocks. Methods: A total of 15 elite women runners participated in this study. The subjects performed three optional, and five selected sprint starts with 2-minute intervals. The Noraxon-MyoMotion device collected the kinematic data, and a continuous relative phase method was used to calculate the joint coordination pattern. Results: The pattern of coordination between the lower limb joints were divided into 10 phases. There were differences between the two types of starters in the initial phases, but no difference was noticed from the fourth phase. Conclusion: Indeed, there was irregularity in the early phases of the selected start type, while in the following phases, the coordination pattern coincided, and it seems that if this process does not affect the speed and acceleration of the athlete, it can be cautiously noted that sitting in any way in the start technique will ultimately create common coordination in the joints.
The Role of Mammalian Target of Rapamycine Signaling Pathway in Central Nervous System Cancers: A Review
Authors:   Department of Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran., Alemi Serej Forough , Aliyari Serej Hosein ,   Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Tabriz. Tabriz, Iran., Ebrahimi Kalan Abbas ,   Department of Neurosciences and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Mehdipour Ahmad ,   Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Aliyari Serej Zeynab ,   Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Bravan Balal ,   Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran., Shiri shahsavar Mohammad Reza ,   Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Published: May 2021

Mammalian mechanistic target of rapamycine (mTOR) is a conserved serine/threonine kinase in the cellular PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. This pathway is modified by cellular alterations such as level of energy, growth factors, stresses, as well as the increased environmental level of cancerous cytokines. In general, increase of this kinase protein function is seen in various types of cancers, especially in cancer stem-like cell. Additionally, activation of this pathway in the most common malignant central nervous system cancers such as glioblastoma, medulloblastomas and tuberous sclerosis complex is under investigation. Recent studies have shown the relationship between different cellular signaling pathways and genetic mutations, that involved in the cancer of CNS, with mTOR pathway. Based on previous studies, different treatments like surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, aren’t more effective and have some side-effects. Therefore, the researchers are trying to find better ways to treat cancer. One approach to this aim is about the essence of understanding all of molecular pathways, proteins and mutations involved in cancers. This study tries to analysis some of the unknown molecular pathways on mentioned cancerous cells and interaction among this pathway with mTOR kinase protein.