bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Vasoproliferative Tumors with Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Saldanha Mario J. , Edrich C.
Published: March 2009

A 46-year-old woman presented with a peripheral vasoproliferative tumor. The tumor was treated with one session of photodynamic therapy with 6 mg/m2 body surface area of verteporfin and a dose of 100 J/cm2 delivered in 83 seconds. At the 10-month follow-up examination, involution of the vasoproliferative tumor was seen with improvement of best-corrected visual acuity to 20/80. Photodynamic therapy is an effective treatment option in cases of exudative vasoproliferative tumors. Great variability exists in the parameters used to treat vasoproliferative tumors.
Intra-Observer and Inter-Observer Reliability and Reproducibility of Slit-Lamp–Adapted Optical Coherence Tomography for Evaluation of Anterior Chamber Depth and Central Corneal Thickness
Authors: Sandler Shlomit F. , Zelefsky Joseph R. , Dorairaj Syril , Arthur Stella N. , Ritch Robert , Liebmann Jeffrey M.
Published: March 2009

Background and Objective:
To evaluate the intra-observer and inter-observer reproducibility of anterior chamber depth (ACD) and central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements taken by slit-lamp–adapted optical coherence tomography (SL-OCT) and to evaluate concordance of CCT and ACD values obtained by SL-OCT with gold standard devices.

Patients and Methods:
Three images of each eye were taken by two different operators using SL-OCT. ACD and CCT values obtained by each operator were determined and compared to one another and to ultrasonic pachymetry (CCT) and axial OCT biometry (ACD) values obtained by a third, masked operator. Intra-observer and inter-operator reproducibility was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results:
Forty-one eyes of healthy subjects were enrolled. Mean CCT was 0.556 ± 0.020, 0.557 ± 0.019, and 0.532 ± 0.032 and mean ACD was 3.12 ± 0.36, 3.13 ± 0.38, and 3.50 ± 0.44 for operators 1, 2, and 3, respectively (P < .001, for both CCT and ACD). Intra-operator reproducibility for CCT (ICC of 0.948 to 0.995) and ACD (ICC of 0.972 to 0.987) was excellent.

Conclusion:
SL-OCT provides highly reproducible measures for both CCT and ACD. SL-OCT yields higher values for CCT compared to ultrasonic pachymetry and lower values for ACD compared to axial OCT biometry. Caution should be taken when extrapolating these data into clinical practice until the differences between SL-OCT, axial OCT biometry, and ultrasonic pachymetry can be further elucidated.
Relationship Between Central Corneal Thickness and Hypotony-Related Complications After Glaucoma Surgery
Authors: Wellik Sarah R. , Schiffman Joyce C. , Budenz Donald L. , Greenfield David S.
Published: March 2009

Background and Objective:
To examine the hypothesis that patients with increased central corneal thickness may have an overestimation of Goldmann applanation tension and a predisposition to hypotony-related complications.

Patients and Methods:
A case-control analysis of patients with an intraocular pressure of 7 mm Hg or less on two consecutive postoperative visits following glaucoma filtration or drainage implant surgery was performed. Forward stepwise multiple logistic regression was used to determine the model that best predicted hypotony-related complications defined as choroidal effusion or hypotony maculopathy.

Results:
Forty-three eyes (17 with hypotony-related complications and 26 controls) of 43 patients were enrolled. Eyes with pseudophakia (P = .006) and lower postoperative intraocular pressure (P = .013) were significantly more likely to develop hypotony-related complications. Mean central corneal thickness was similar in eyes with hypotony-related complications (519 ± 32 μm) and controls (525 ± 37 μm) and was not a significant predictor of hypotony-related complications in the multivariate model (P= .90).

Conclusion:
Increased central corneal thickness does not represent a risk factor for hypotony-related complications following glaucoma surgery.
Anterior Segment Imaging: Optical Coherence Tomography Versus Ultrasound Biomicroscopy
Authors: Garcia Julian P. S. , Rosen Richard B.
Published: March 2009

Background and Objective:
To determine the clinical indications of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and ultrasound biomicroscopy in anterior segment imaging.

Patients and Methods:
Eighty patients were evaluated using AS-OCT and ultrasound biomicroscopy.

Results:
AS-OCT was ideal for detailed imaging of structures from the surface of the eye to the iris plane. Ultrasound biomicroscopy was ideal for imaging structures from the surface of the eye to the anterior vitreous.

Conclusion:
AS-OCT is indicated for imaging the conjunctiva, sclera, cornea, and iris, screening the angle, and visualizing subconjunctival, corneal, and anterior chamber implants. Coronal imaging, unique to AC Cornea OCT (Ophthalmic Technologies Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada), graphically defines structures viewed on cross-sectional OCT. Ultrasound biomicroscopy is indicated for imaging the conjunctiva, sclera, iris, lens, and ciliary body, for tumor measurements, for light-and-dark tests in glaucoma, and for viewing subconjunctival, anterior chamber, posterior chamber, and pars plana implants.
Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide Injections in the Treatment of Retinal Vein Occlusions
Authors: Roth Daniel B. , Cukras Catherine , Radhakrishnan Ravi , Feuer William J. , Yarian David L. , Green Stuart N. , Wheatley Harold M. , Prenner Jonathan
Published: March 2009

Background and Objective:
To report the visual acuity response after intravitreal triamcinolone injection in patients with macular edema due to retinal vein occlusions.

Patients and Methods:
Retrospective non-randomized interventional series of 172 consecutive patients with macular edema due to retinal vein occlusions who were treated with intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection. Patients underwent Snellen visual acuity testing and ophthalmoscopic examination at baseline and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection.

Results:
All subtypes of retinal vein occlusions showed significant improvements in mean visual acuity 1 month after injection. This improvement in visual acuity was maintained over the 12-month period for all but the central retinal vein occlusion group. Seventy-one (41.3%) of the 172 patients received more than one intravitreal triamcinolone injection for unresolved or recurrent macular edema.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates a benefit associated with intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection for retinal vein occlusions that was maintained by patients with branch retinal vein occlusions and hemiretinal vein occlusions over a 12-month period. Visual acuity improvement was not maintained in patients with central retinal vein occlusions with this course of treatment.
Comparative Study of Analgesic Effectiveness Using Three Different Anesthetic Techniques for Intravitreal Injection of Bevacizumab
Authors: Cintra Léssia P. , Lucena Levy R. , Da Silva José A. , Costa Rogério A. , Scott Ingrid U. , Jorge Rodrigo
Published: March 2009

Background and Objective:

To compare the analgesic effectiveness and aesthetic appearance associated with topical, subconjunctival, and peribulbar anesthesia for intravitreal bevacizumab injection.

Patients and Methods:

Sixty consecutive patients undergoing their first intravitreal bevacizumab injection were randomized to receive one of three forms of anesthesia: proxymetacaine eye drops, subconjunctival injection of 2% xylocaine, and peribulbar injection of 2% xylocaine. Pain associated with the intravitreal injection and with the entire procedure (including anesthesia administration) was recorded using a Visual Analog Scale 15 minutes after intravitreal injection. Anterior segment evaluation was performed 24 hours after injection to measure the number of clock hours of subconjunctival hemorrhage.

Results:

Median injection-related pain score was significantly lower in the peribulbar group compared with the topical and subconjunctival groups (
P
< .05). Median entire procedure pain score was significantly higher in the peribulbar group compared with the topical and subconjunctival groups (
P
< .05). The median extent of subconjunctival hemorrhage was significantly lower in the topical group compared with the other groups (
P
< .05).

Conclusion:

Among the three anesthetic techniques, peribulbar anesthesia was associated with greater effectiveness in controlling injection-related pain but was least effective in controlling entire procedure pain. There was no significant difference in pain scores between the topical and subconjunctival groups, and topical anesthesia was associated with less subconjunctival hemorrhage.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2009;40:13–18.]
Bilateral Aniridia Lenticular Coloboma and Snowflake Retinal Degeneration
Authors: Doganay Selim , Emre Sinan , Firat Penpegül
Published: March 2009

A 6-year-old boy presented with bilateral aniridia associated with lens coloboma and snowflake retinal degeneration. Ophthalmologic examination revealed bilateral corneal peripheral epithelial thickening and aniridia. Additionally, the patient had lenticular coloboma and snowflake retinal degeneration in both eyes. Intraocular pressure was 22 mm Hg bilaterally. The patient also had pendular nystagmus. Uncorrected visual acuity was counting fingers at 2 meters for both eyes, but improved to 0.2 and 0.05, respectively, with correction. Congenital aniridia has been reported with various ophthalmic pathologies, but this is the first case to display bilateral lenticular coloboma and snowflake retinal degeneration associated with aniridia.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2009;40:54–56.]
Macular Hole Closure Following Intraoperative Choroidal Hemorrhage
Authors: Mason John O. , Shah Ami A. , Vail Rachel S.
Published: March 2009

This interventional case report retrospectively reviews the outcome of a 56-year-old woman who suffered an intraoperative choroidal hemorrhage at commencement of macular hole surgery. Due to the early intraoperative choroidal hemorrhage, vitrectomy was not performed. One month postoperatively, the macular hole was noted to be closed and remained closed 2 years later, leaving the patient with a good visual outcome. The authors postulate that the temporal location of the choroidal hemorrhage may have exerted mechanical displacement of the retina toward the macular hole margins, resulting in closure. Macular hole closure directly following intraoperative choroidal hemorrhage is possible.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2009;40:57–59.]
Spectral-Domain OCT and Microperimeter Characterization of Morphological and Functional Changes in X-linked Retinoschisis
Authors: Nittala Muneeswar Gupta , Laxmi Gella , Raman Rajiv , Rani Padmaja Kumari , Bhargava Arun , Pal Swakshyar Saumya , Sharma Tarun
Published: March 2009

A case of X-linked retinoschisis with anatomic and functional issues correlated by a constellation of methods, including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, microperimeter, electroretinography, and multifocal electroretinography, is described. This case highlights the importance of microperimetry in the presence of normal or subtle abnormalities in full-field electroretinography. The ability of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in diagnosis and follow-up in cases with X-linked retinoschisis is demonstrated.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2009;40:71–74.]
Vitrectomy Alone Versus Vitrectomy With Simultaneous Intravitreal Injection of Triamcinolone for Macular Edema Associated With Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Uemura Akihiro , Yamamoto Shuichi , Sato Eiju , Sugawara Takeshi , Mitamura Yoshinori , Mizunoya Satoshi
Published: March 2009

Background and Objective:

To evaluate the efficacy of vitrectomy with simultaneous intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide for macular edema associated with branch retinal vein occlusion.

Patients and Methods:

A retrospective study of 45 eyes with macular edema associated with branch retinal vein occlusion. A posterior vitreous detachment was created and the vitreous cortex was completely removed, after which 23 eyes immediately had an intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (triamcinolone acetonide group) and 22 eyes did not (no triamcinolone acetonide group). Visual acuity, fluorescein angiograms, and foveal thickness determined by optical coherence tomography were examined preoperatively and postoperatively.

Results:

Mean postoperative visual acuity at 12 months was significantly better than the preoperative visual acuity in both groups. The fovea was significantly thinner 1 month postoperatively in both groups. Foveal thickness gradually decreased until 12 months in the no triamcinolone acetonide group; however, foveal thickness increased for 12 months in the triamcinolone acetonide group. A recurrence of macular edema was more frequent in the triamcinolone acetonide group than in the no triamcinolone acetonide group (
P
= .006).

Conclusions:

Because there was no significant difference in the improvement of best-corrected visual acuity between the groups 12 months postoperatively, there may be no benefit in the use of intraoperative intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2009;40:6–12.]
Effect of Pterygium Surgery on Refractive Spherocylinder Power and Corneal Topography
Authors: Wu Pei-Lun , Kuo Chien-Neng , Hsu Han-Lin , Lai Chien-Hsiung
Published: March 2009

Background and Objective:

To evaluate the effect of pterygium surgery on refractive spherocylinder power and corneal topography.

Patients and Methods:

Twenty-four patients (27 eyes) undergoing pterygium surgery from January to December 2006 were retrospectively identified. Visual acuity, refractive spherocylinder power, and corneal topography were measured preoperatively and postoperatively.

Results:

Improvement of visual acuity, decreases of refractive spherocylinder power, and significant differences of 3-mm topographic irregularity and 3-mm topographic astigmatism postoperatively were found. Differences of refractive spherocylinder power preoperatively and postoperatively correlated significantly with differences of 3-mm topographic irregularity (spherical, r = 0.828,
P
= .000; cylinder, r = −0.805,
P
= .000) and of 3-mm topographic astigmatism (spherical, r = 0.673,
P
= .000; cylinder, r = −0.811,
P
= .000) preoperatively and postoperatively.

Conclusion:

Pterygium surgery produces improvements in visual acuity, decreases of refractive spherocylinder power, topographic irregularity, and topographic astigmatism. Three-millimeter topographic irregularity and astigmatism have a close correlation with refractive spherocylinder power.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2009;40:32–37.]
Anxiety Symptoms Among Assisted Living Residents: Implications of the “No Difference” Finding for Participants with and Without Dementia
Authors: Smith Marianne , Samus Quincy M. , Steele Cynthia , Baker Alva , Brandt Jason , Rabins Peter V. , Lyketsos Constantine , Rosenblatt Adam
Published: March 2009

Anxiety is a distressing experience at any age but may be particularly disabling when coupled with dementia. Dementia-related anxiety is associated with a range of additional problems among community-dwelling older adults, but little is known about its occurrence in assisted living environments. The purpose of this article is to describe the prevalence of anxiety symptoms among older adults who participated in Phase I of the Maryland Assisted Living Study, a cross-sectional study of 198 participants who underwent comprehensive dementia evaluations. Participants with dementia diagnoses (n = 134) were compared with those without dementia (n = 64) using two measures of anxiety. Anxiety was common in both groups: 22% of each group were assessed to have one or more anxiety symptoms using proxyrated methods, and 45% had at least mild anxiety using direct observation and interview. Factors that contribute to variability in reports of dementia-related anxiety are reviewed.
Load Cell Ringing in High Rate Compression Tests
Authors: Roebuck Bryan , Brooks M. , Gee M.G.
Published: March 2009

Mechanical test machines play an important role in providing simulation data to underpin careful analysis of high rate processes. In many cases elements of the test frame or testpiece can vibrate when subjected to a high rate force. The transducers attached to the machine frequently register this vibration superimposed on the true signal and thus may mask the signal required for analysis [1-4]. At impact all the parts of the test machine oscillate at their natural frequency
(dependent on stiffness and mass). Ringing in test machines is determined by the rate at which the testpiece is deformed, the elastic characteristics of test material and resonances in components of load train anvils in compression. In the current work high rate hot compression tests are being developed to underpin best
practice measurement guides on test methods for studying the dependence of strength on deformation rate and temperature, [5-7]. At higher rates of deformation ringing is observed in the transducer signals for load and displacement and this measurement note summarises the results of systematic tests to investigate this issue. A purpose built software tool was developed for analysing the time dependence of the transducer signals.
High Strain Rate Tensile and Compressive Testing of Braided Composite Materials
Authors: Warrior Nick , Fernie R.
Published: March 2009

Data from tension and compression tests at quasi-static and impact strain rates of up to 50s −1 (corresponding to impact speeds of up to 7ms −1) are presented to characterise the effect of strain rate on mechanical properties of triaxially braided carbon/vinyl ester. Three braid architectures were studied; 0°/±30°, 0°/±45° and 0°/±60° where the 0° was an 80k tow and the ±30° to ±60° braid tow was 12k. The methodologies and apparatus used were developed for testing composite materials with a large unit cell size at a range of strain rates and are based on novel
tensile and compressive loading rigs in conjunction with a modified instrumented falling weight machine (drop tower). In the paper, the effects of increase in strain rate on fibre and matrix dominated material properties are presented. The ultimate tensile and compressive strengths were found to vary with rate. The axial properties of the braided carbon/vinyl ester, dominated by the 80K carbon fibre tow,
were relatively insensitive to rate, but strong rate dependency was seen in the transverse directions where the effects of the polymer resin were more significant.
Local Buckling of Axially Compressed, Pultruded GRP, WF-Section, Short Columns - Comparison of Experimental and FE Analysis Buckling Loads
Authors: Turvey G.J. , Zhang Y.
Published: March 2009

The results of axial compression tests carried out on four pultruded GRP (Glass
Reinforced Plastic) WF (Wide Flange) short columns are presented. The longitudinal elastic modulus, buckling loads and collapse loads have been obtained. The experimental buckling loads have been evaluated from the load versus end shortening (axial displacement) relationship and Southwell plots of deflection and bending strain test data. FE (Finite Element) buckling analyses of the short column buckling tests have also been carried out. It is shown that a two-dimensional
model is able to predict local buckling modes accurately and buckling loads reasonably accurately.
A New Approach to Routing of Advanced Flexible Manufacturing Shopfloor
Authors: He T. , Xu X.F. , Xu H.C. , Fu Y.L.
Published: March 2009

This paper presents a new routing method for advanced flexible manufacturing shopfloor by combining a new Petri net model with a new evolution based hybrid algorithm. The approach embodies the notion of global optimization and thus makes it easier for the new PN to interface with global optimization algorithms. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed method is effective, practical and worthy of more-depth investigations.
Key Technologies in Project-Driven Hierarchical Information System of Production Management (HISPM)
Authors: Liu B. , Jin T.J. , Ma Y.L.
Published: March 2009

In the light of project management, concurrent engineering and agile manufacturing, in
relation to the characteristics of the concurrence of developing and batch manufacturing, this text
studies the hierarchical information technology of the production management system based on
project driving. The operation flow of project-driven hierarchical information system of production
management has been designed and implemented. The soft architecture and operating model have
been proposed. The coordinating and controlling model based on workflow, queuing theory, and the
capability balancing method are established.
Finite Element Analysis of Hemispherical-Shape Parts in the Hot Gas Bulge-Forming of Polycarbonate (PC) Sheet
Authors: Hou Zhen Xiu , Liu En Ren , Feng An , Wang Zhong Ren
Published: March 2009

To explore geometrical shape deforms, stress distribution, strain distribution and wall
thickness of products in the process of polycarbonate (PC) hot gas pressure bulging, numerical
simulation of 1mm thick hemispherical PC part with a diameter of 100mm has been conducted by
the software of DYNAFORM. The result shows that abrupt changes tend to occur in the deforming
of PC sheet as the even loaded pressure increases to a given point. A critical circle exists in the
photoelastic experiment of latitude strain distribution, wall thickness distribution and displacement
change, thus making the wall thickness of hemispherical part become gradually thick from critical
circle part to pressure-pad-circle part. Importantly the experimental result fits well with the finite
element analysis.
Study on Free Oscillations of Systems with Even Nonlinearities by Means of the Method of Multiple Scales
Authors: Wen J.M. , Cao Z.C.
Published: March 2009

An analytical technique, namely the method of multiple scales, is applied to solve the
differential equations of free oscillations with even nonlinearities in a mass-spring system. Unlike
other perturbation methods, the method of multiple scales is effective in determining the transient
response as well as determining the approximation to the frequency of the nonlinear system. In
this paper, the periodic solutions of the even nonlinear differential equations have been obtained by
using the method of multiple scales. Compared with the numerical examples, the approximate
solutions are in good agreement with exact solutions. The numerical and analytical solutions have
clearly shown that there exists the so-called drift phenomenon in the free oscillations of systems
with even nonlinearities without any external excitation.
Backtracking Greedy Algorithm for Cutting Stock Problems
Authors: Crispin Alan J. , Cheng Kai
Published: March 2009

This paper presents a greedy search placement algorithm which incorporates backtracking for the leather stock cutting problem. In the leather manufacturing industry the efficient cutting of component parts (stencils) form a hide is of prime importance to maintain profitability. Consequently, the development of new approaches for generating cut-plans that minimise material waste and which can handle problem constraints have practical value. The unique feature of the greedy placement algorithm method presented in this paper is that it incorporates backtracking which allows previous placement steps to be retraced in situations where no placement solution can be found. The underlying encoding method is based on the use of the no-fit polygon (NFP) which describes the boundary around a stencil shape such that a second stencil shape can be placed while just touching the first but without overlapping. A material coverage of 64% can be achieved when taking placement constraints into account.
Support Vector Machine-Based Method for Quality Characteristic Modeling
Authors: Liu J. , Xu L.J. , Lin Z.H.
Published: March 2009

Root-cause identification and product quality characteristic modeling are key issues for
improving product quality and the productivity of manufacturing process. The quality characteristic
model, which indicates the influence of the dominate root-causes on the product quality
characteristic, is the basis for quality control. In this paper an approach for quality characteristic
modeling based on Support Vector Machine is presented. The selections of parameters and the
Kernel function are discussed. The presented approach is applied for analyzing and predicting the
quality of inertial gyroscope.
Finite Element Analysis of Thermal Characteristics of High-Speed Motorized Spindle
Authors: Lu Y. , Yao Ying Xue , Hong R.H.
Published: March 2009

Motorized spindle is one of the core parts of high-speed machine tool, to a great extent,
its thermal characteristics determine the thermal stress and thermal deformations, therefore the
research on thermal characteristics is of great significance to increase the accuracy of high-speed
machine tool. In this paper, the heat generation developed in the built-in motor and the bearings is
calculated. The motorized spindle is modeled and its thermal characteristics analysis by finite
element method is done using ANSYS software, in the foundation of analyzing its configuration
and heat transfer. The variation regularity of its temperature-rise and temperature field is also
summarized. Thereby it provides a powerful theoretical basis for reducing temperature–rise,
calculating thermal deformations and improving working conditions.
Framework Studies on Manufacturing Resource Management System Based on E-Hubs
Authors: Xie Q.S. , Zhou Gui Xian , Yan Q.N.
Published: March 2009

E-Hubs as new entrants with new business models pour into the business-to-business
space; it's increasingly difficult to make sense of the landscape. Electronic hubs--Internet-based
intermediaries that host electronic marketplaces and mediate transactions among businesses--are
generating a lot of interest. This paper provides a blueprint of the E-Hubs arena. Conceptual
specification of functional system, comprising the selection of core E-Hubs services and definition
of basic hosting platform of the E-Hubs realization business development plan, Conceptual
framework for Manufacturing Resource Management System designs based on E-hubs.
A New Tool-Path Generation Algorithm for Sculptured Surface Using Taper-Cutter
Authors: Fan Li Cheng , Sun L.N. , Du Zhi Jiang
Published: March 2009

In 3-axis NC machining, most algorithms of the sculptured surface tool-path generation
are valid for ball-cutter, and the axes are designed to realize pure translation. A tool-path generation
algorithm using taper-cuter is proposed in this article. And one axis of the 3-axis NC tool machine
is designed to realize swing motion. The Stereo Lithography (STL) model is the most popular
triangular mesh approximation of the 3D surface model. Considering the special swing mechanical
and taper-cutter, arc-zigzag tool-path planning and deform Z-map grid methods are proposed, which
incorporate triangular vertexes method and the Z-map method. Finally, some simulation and
experiment results are provided.
Preparation and Analysis of Nano-Palygorskite and its Modified PF
Authors: Zhou Y.K. , Zheng Z.H. , Li R. , Li Y. , Wang M.L.
Published: March 2009

This paper introduce a way to prepare Guizhou palygorskite mineral nanoparticles by
dry-wet ball milling and modified its surface, with adding it in pre-polymer and dispersing with
supersonic disperser. Then it introduced preparing the tung oil phenolic-formaldehyde (TPF)/
nano-palygorskite composite resin by situ. The TENSOR27 IR and JEM-2000FX II test shown that
the nano-palygorskite particles embedded in the polymer and they were more evenly dispersed. By
NETZSCHSTA409 thermal analyzer for TG analysis, the elevated of compound PF has been
enhanced.
Effect of Low Energy ECR Ion Beam Irradiation on Micro Nano Scale Mechanical Properties of Silicon
Authors: Yao Ying Xue , Pahlovy Shahjada Ahmed , Momota Sadao
Published: March 2009

Most mechanical parts like bearings, gears, and shafts are produced by finishing processes such as hard turning, grinding and/or honing. The durability and reliability of these precision products are directly influenced by mechanical behavior of material. If those parts are in micro nano scale such as micro interconnector, micro valve, micro actuator, and micro switch in that case micro nano mechanical properties is an important factor for better performance. This present paper discusses the low energy ECR ion beam irradiation effects on mechanical property of material in micronano scale. To complete this research ion beams were irradiated for different accelerating energy to Si surface. Nano indentations were done for hardness and elasticity measurement. AFM was used for roughness and depth measurement. From data analysis It shows accelerating energy is an important factor to control mechanical property of material during nano scale fabrication by ion beam.
Simulation of Complex Curved Surface WEDM System Based on OpenGL
Authors: Wang Tong , Hu Zhang Kun
Published: March 2009

This paper introduces the characteristics and general laws of cutting complex curved
surface by Wire-cut Electric Discharge Machining (WEDM) system. Taking the three-axle and
double-rotating linkage system as an example, the universal mathematical model of polar
coordinates is derived. Moreover, the simulation of WEDM system is introduced, which utilizing
language Visual C++ and the three dimensional graph software OpenGL.This simulation method is
helpful in improving machining quality and productivity of complex curved surfaces, and is
fundation for establishing CAD/CAPP/CAM technology in WEDM.
Effect of Glycerin on Micro Arc Oxidation Process and Performance of Ceramic Coatings at the Surface of Magnesium Alloy AZ61
Authors: Li Li Qun , Xi Jian Jun , Zhao Jun , Chen J.Y.
Published: March 2009

Effects of addition of glycerin in the electrolyte on the micro arc oxidation process have
been investigated with a bipolar asymmetric pulse power supply, which involves peak value of
pulse current, voltage, thickness and hardness of ceramic films of AZ61 magnesium alloy as well as
surface roughness and structures. The results reveal that addition of a proper amount of glycerin
helps to the decrease of positive pulse current peak and voltage, formation of a much dense ceramic
coating with increase of the hardness, decrease of the surface roughness and good crystallization.
When the amount of glycerin is more than 10ml/l, the growth of ceramic coatings begins to be
inhibited and the performance of ceramic coatings seriously turns worse.
Data Transfer from Heterogeneous CAD to Division Mockup Virtual Prototype
Authors: Yuan B. , Xiong Wei , Wang Zu Wen
Published: March 2009

Virtual prototype technology could integrate different CAD formats parts into an digital
model. In this way the design process will be more efficient. This issue reviewed three methods to
transfer data from CAD parts to virtual reality element. And find an efficient way to transfer
different CAD model data to virtual prototype software Division MockUp.
PC-Based Human-In-the-Loop Simulation for Flight
Authors: Zhang Lei , Jiang H.Z. , Li H.R.
Published: March 2009

The development of a flight simulator is a challenging work because of its complexity
and tremendous cost. We implement a prototype composed of PC cluster and have proved its
coordination character as a flight training device. This paper describes the architecture of the flight
simulator, the software development tools and hardware platform. These software and hardware
constitute a PC based simulation environment and make the expense of the simulation application
affordable. We also present the simulation modeling process. For the integrity of the cueing system,
we designed a virtual prototype of motion system and connected it to the flight simulator. The
integrated system gave us a chance to testify the coordination of the simulator. The verification
method and result are presented to show the feasibility of the design based on PC.
Modeling and Simulating of Single-Row Facility Layout Based on Manufacturing Costs
Authors: Suo Xiao Hong , Liu Zhan Qiang
Published: March 2009

Single-row layout is widely used within GT cells, in facilities that implement JIT, and sometimes with FMS. The three types of single-row layout, including linear, U-shape, and semi-circular layout are introduced firstly. Based on the lower selling price of customers’ demand, the components of manufacturing cost are analyzed secondly. Then the relationship between the manufacturing cost and objectives of single-row layout are described. Meanwhile, the models related to several parts of manufacturing cost of single-row layout are set up respectively. Finally, the simulation of these models for three types of single-row layout is running in QUEST. After analyzing the simulation results, conclusions are obtained: (1) area and labor utilization of linear layout are higher than the others, (2) material handling cost of semi-circular is lowest among these three types of single-row layout, and (3) equipment utilization of them are almost the same. This research results will provide the references in selecting the types of single-row layout based on manufacturing cost.
Systems Analysis for Commercial Aircraft Flight Simulator
Authors: Qi Pan Guo , Cong D.C. , Jiang H.J. , Han Jun Wei
Published: March 2009

Flight simulator is a complex man-in-the-loop (MIL) simulation system. With several
decades of development, it has already become important tools of aircraft design and development,
and necessary means of pilot training. And simulation credibility and reliability of the flight
simulator have been considerably improved in comparison with the past. However, the system of
flight simulator has become increasingly complex and difficult to be described clearly. This paper
presents the concepts of conceptual layer and achieving layer, analyzes the composition and
principle of the commercial aircraft flight simulator for pilot training from the two layers, describes
the system architecture in detail. According to the system architecture, three aspects are very
important to develop the flight simulator, the first is the fidelity of the simulation models, the
second is the performance of cueing devices, and the last are the computing capacity of the host
computers and the time delay over the communication networks.
Fuzzy Logic Combined Logistic Regression Methodology for Gas Turbine First-Stage Nozzle Life Prediction
Authors: Yan Ji Hong , Isobe Nobuhiro , Lee Jay
Published: March 2009

Significant aspects of intelligent maintenance include the abilities to diagnose impending
failures, prognose the remaining useful lifetime of the process and schedule maintenance operations
so that uptime is maximized. Prognosis is probably the most difficult of the three issues leading to
total intelligent maintenance. This paper describes a fuzzy logic combined logistic regression
method of fatigue severity assessment and remaining useful life prediction of gas turbine hot
components. Logistic regression method is proposed to derive fuzzy logic rule base using historical
maintenance running records and engineers’ experience. Implementation of the prognostic
methodology presents a great opportunity to significantly enhance current engine health monitoring
capabilities and risk management practices.
Scheme Design of Large-Scale Hydraulic Turbine System Based on Multilayer-Case
Authors: Zhong Shi Sheng , Wang T.C.
Published: March 2009

The scheme design of large-scale hydraulic turbine is a complicated, multi-hierarchy,
multi-attribute and creative process of product structure configuration. In order to improve the
design quality and the design efficiency, a scheme design of large-scale hydraulic turbine system
based on multilayer-case-based reasoning (MCBR) with grey relational analysis is developed and
applied to enterprise project. The performance of the developed system is validated by the
application to the practical enterprise project; the result of the application also indicates that using
artificial intelligence technique in large-scale hydraulic turbine scheme design can extend the
process ability of CIMS.
Dynamics Simulation Analysis of Flexible Multibody of Parallel Robot
Authors: Zhu C.X. , Liu Yong Xian , Cai Guang Qi , Zhu L.D.
Published: March 2009

Take a kind of 3-TPT parallel robot as an example, the model of flexible multibody of
parallel machine tool is built by using multibody dynamics simulation software ADAMS and finite
element analysis software ANSYS. And dynamics equation of flexible body in spatial is also set up,
after that the dynamics simulation is carried out. Then the simulation results of rigid bodies are
compared with flexible ones, and the results show that the forces applied on flexible bodies appear
high nonlinear, so the simulation results of flexible multibody system are more authentic, nicety and
can reflect actual dynamics characteristic of parallel robot.
3-D Modeling for Teeth Correction on the Basis of Optical Measurement
Authors: Yang Xiao Dong , Wang Yang , Yang P.
Published: March 2009

In this paper, a teeth correction 3-D data modeling technology based on the basis of
optical measurement is proposed. Using structured light measurement, the STL data of the teeth
plaster model are obtained. Based on STL data, the topological relationship model of vertices and
planes is constructed. The data of single tooth is separated with separation algorithm, and using
matrix transform, geometrical transformation of teeth model is realized. Then, after establishing
frame curves, the 3-D solid modeling of corrected tooth socket is constructed. At last, using the
SLA technology, the colophony model of the remedying device is produced.
Balancing Global Project Resources Utilising a Genetic Algorithm Approach with Stochastic Resource Assignments
Authors: Lancaster J. , Cheng Kai
Published: March 2009

Globalisation in large engineering, procurement and construction companies has lead in many cases to the establishment of a number of global centres for activities such as process design, detail design, procurement and fabrication. A company with a number of such resources then faces the problem of maintaining a high percentage utilisation in each of these resource locations, multiple projects need to be processed through each of these offices and which project is handled by which office is generally more reliant on available capacity than geography, particularly in the case of engineering centres. This paper considers this problem as an extension of the well studied Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP) and utilises a modified form of our existing genetic algorithm to optimise the utilisation of multiple resource locations when scheduling multiple projects. The unique aspect of this genetic algorithm implementation is its use of stochastic resource assignments to simulate the assignment of certain of the project activities to different global facilities. The stochastic resource assignment is processed as an extension to the main chromosome and is therefore optimised along with the scheduling sequence.
An Integrated Modeling Method for an Engine Cylinder Body Based on Cross-Sectional Imaging System
Authors: Lan Hong Bo , Ding Yu Cheng , Hong Jun , Lu B.H.
Published: March 2009

This paper proposes a novel integrated modeling method based on cross-sectional imaging system which can implement the rapid and low-cost development for various engine cylinder bodies. The integrated modeling method which involves four steps: object pre-processing, cross-sectional image acquisition, CAD model reconstruction and redesign, is presented. Furthermore, an engine cylinder body was used to demonstrate the application of the integrated modeling method. The integrated modeling method proposed is characterized by simple process, short design cycle, and low-cost. It is particularly suitable for the 3D CAD modeling of an object with complex external and internal features. As a result, the method offers a good solution to implement the CAD modeling for a variety of complex objects with undercuts, hidden and internal features.
A Survey of Virtual Assembly Technology
Authors: Lang Yue Dong , Yao Ying Xue , Xia Ping Jun
Published: March 2009

Due to the worldwide competition of manufacturing industry and the development of virtual reality (VR) technology, virtual assembly (VA) has attracted many researchers to reduce development cost and improve product quality. As a typical application of VR in engineering, VA has become increasingly important for modern industry. In this paper, a survey of research progress about VA is analyzed. The conception and architecture of VA are introduced at first, the classification is also presented, then the main research contents and key techniques are discussed, finally the limitations and future works are pointed out.
Design of a STEP-Compliant CNC System for Intelligent Manufacturing
Authors: Liu Ri Liang , Zhang Cheng Rui , Zhang Xian Zhi
Published: March 2009

The emerging standard ISO 14649, informally known as STEP-NC, presents an
opportunity to revolutionize computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools, which plays an
ever-increasingly important role in modern manufacturing. This paper proposes a framework for the
future CNC systems aimed to fit in a STEP-compliant manufacturing scenario. The proposed
system (ST-CNC), which consists of five functional modules namely interpretation, micro-process
planning, simulation, control and supervision, and in-process inspection modules, is designed as an
intelligent system capable of both decision-making and machine control to support intelligent
manufacturing and streamline the information flow in the process chain. Major technological issues
such as part program interpretation, micro-process planning and toolpath calculation at the machine
are also addressed, and a number of functional modules have been implemented along with the
prototype development based on an open CNC kernel.
Load Performances Analysis of Orifice Compensated High-Speed Externally Pressurized Spherical Gas Bearing
Authors: Yao Ying Xue , Qin Dong Li , Zhou L.
Published: March 2009

The influence of parameters to load performances of a high-speed externally pressurized spherical gas bearing compensated by two-rows of orifices has been studied numerically based on finite element method (FEM). Reynolds equation governing the flow field in the clearance space in spherical coordinates system is transformed into a analogous style in Descartesian coordinates by parameter substitution, and Galerkin weighted residual method is applied to reduce the order of derivatives of the transformed equation. Pressure distribution on the gas-film is obtained by solving of the equation. On the basis of theories, influences of rotating speed, nominal gas-film thickness and supplying pressure to load carrying capacity and stiffness are analyzed. Comparison of performances between hydrostatic and hybrid state of the bearing has also presented.
Adaptive Signal Analysis Based on Radial Parabola Kernel
Authors: Wang S.C. , Han J. , Li Jian Feng , Li Zhi Nong
Published: March 2009

Because of the deficiency of fixed kernel in bilinear time-frequency distribution (TFD), i.e. for each mapping, the resulting time-frequency representation is satisfactory only for a limited class of signals, a new adaptive kernel function named the radial parabola kernel (RPK), is proposed. The RPK can adopt the optimizing method to filter cross-terms adaptively according to the signal distribution, obtain good time-frequency resolution, and offer improved TFD for a large class of signals. Compared with traditional fixed -kernel functions, such as Wigner-Ville distribution, Choi-Willams distribution and Cone-kernel distribution, the superiority of the RPK function is obvious. At last, the RPK function is applied to the analysis of vibration signals of bearing, and the result proves the RPK function an effective method in analyzing signals.
Using Hybrid Strategy for Region-Growing Mesh Reconstruction
Authors: Wang Yang , Lv Han Ming , Ji Shi Jun
Published: March 2009

A triangle mesh was reconstructed from an unorganized point cloud through two phases of mesh growing based on different strategies, where regions with high point density usually grow at the first phase and the remaining regions grow later. In each phase of mesh growing, the smoothest regions always grow firstly and then largely avoid errors emerging in sharp regions. The presented test technique of geometric integrity as well as the abnormality disposing method pledged the reconstructed mesh has correct geometry structure. Experiments show that the algorithm is efficient and effective.
Research on Product Development Process Management for Virtual Enterprise
Authors: Xue Shan Liang , Wei Q.Y. , Jiao Guang Ming , Li X.F.
Published: March 2009

For a manufacturing enterprise to be competitive in constantly changing market
environment, it is necessary to adopt a new model called agile manufacturing by organizing Virtual
Enterprise. Aimed at developing a product development process management (PDPM) system for
Virtual Enterprise, modeling of product development process is discussed and a union information
model is proposed using Object Modeling Technique. Based on the J2EE platform, a framework of
PDPM system is built up with a three-tiered architecture, which consists of several Enterprise
JavaBeans components to ensure compatibility, distribution, and flexibility of the system. A PDPM
system prototype is developed utilizing JAVA and has been validated in a simulated virtual
enterprise environment.
Path Optimization for EDM of Rimed Turbine Blisks
Authors: Wang Zhen Long , Li Mao Sheng , Wu X.
Published: March 2009

Electrical discharge machining (EDM), as an effective method, can be used to implement
the finish machining for turbine blisks. Searching an interference-free path for feeding an electrode
through twisted tunnels of a rimed blisk was carried out. Based on the approach coefficient of free
surface defined, the electrode kinematic constraints and object function were determined. The
two-step path searching is applied for searching the interference-free path. Finally, the path
searching algorithm is verified with an example.
Laser Sintering of Reconstituted Nanostructured PSZ Feedstock Powders
Authors: Shen Li Da , Tian Zong Jun , Huang Y.H. , Hua Guo Ran
Published: March 2009

Reconstituted nanostructured partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) feedstock powders were laser sintered under a range of laser processing parameters. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied to analyze the microstructure of the powders and sintered bulk. Microhardness of the samples was also tested by Vickers Microhardness tester. These results demonstrated that the microstructure of the samples exhibits a bimodal distribution which comprises molten and non-molten feedstock particles. It was found that feedstock maintained some of its nanostructure during laser sintering with relatively low laser power; whereas feedstock lost most of its initial characters with high laser power. It was also observed that Microhardness values have respect to the proportion of non-molten feedstock in those samples.
Web-Based Process Database Support System for Green Manufacturing
Authors: Jiang Zhi Gang , Zhang Hua , Xiao M.
Published: March 2009

Process database support system is one of the key technologies for green manufacturing
implementation. In this paper, the process database support system for green manufacturing was
developed with Browse/Server (B/S) three level structure on the basis of Web, which has the
function of distributed processing and storage of the data. The composing and its green
characteristics were discussed in detail respectively. Furthermore, the key develop technology of the
database system, such as network requirement, assistant planning and green assessment of process
and the accessing to the database were analyzed. A case study was performed to illustrate and
examine the validity of the database system.