bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and associated factors of stunting and thinness among primary school-aged children in Gudeya Bila district, West Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Shama Adisu Tafari , Wakuma Obsa , Debelo Sidise , Terefa Dufera Rikitu , Cheme Melese Chego , Lema Matiyos , Biru Bayise , Geta Edosa Tesfaye
Published: May 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of stunting and thinness among primary school-age children in the Gudeya Bila district.

Methods and analysis

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Gudeya Bila district which is located in the Western part of Ethiopia. Among the calculated sample size of 561 school-aged children, 551 children were randomly selected by systematic random sampling technique and participated in this study. Critical illness, physical disability and the inability of caregivers to respond were exclusion criteria. Under-nutrition was the primary outcome while factors associated were the second outcome of this study. Semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect the data while interview and body measurement were used as data collection techniques. Health Extension Workers collected the data. Data were entered into Epi Data V.3.1 and transported into SPSS V.24.0 software for data cleaning and analysis. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were run to identify the associated factors of under-nutrition. Model fitness was checked by using Hosmer-Lemeshow’s test. Variables with p values <0.05 were considered statistically significant in the multivariable logistic regression.

Results and conclusion

The prevalence of stunting and thinness among primary school children was 8.2% (95% CI 5.6% to 10.6%) and 7.1% (95% CI 4.5% to 8.9%), respectively. Being male caregiver (adjusted OR (AOR)=4.26;95% CI 1.256% to 14.464%), family size ≥4 (AOR=4.65; 95% CI 1.8 51% to 11.696%), separated kitchen room (AOR=0.096; 95% CI 0.019 to 0.501) and hand washing after toilet use (AOR=0.152; 95% CI 0.035% to 0.667%) were significantly associated with stunting. Moreover, drinking coffee (AOR=2.25; 95% CI 1.968% to 5.243%) and child dietary diversity score <4 (AOR=2.54; 95% CI 1.721% to 8.939%) were significantly associated with thinness. Under-nutrition in this study was high compared with the global target of eradicating under-nutrition. Community-based nutritional education programmes and implementing health extension programmes are important to reduce the problem of under-nutrition to an undetectable level and to eradicate chronic under-nutrition.
Entropy generation analysis of hybrid nanofluid through flexible tube with convective conditions
Authors: Rafiq Maimona , Shazadi Mahrukh , Aslam Gul I Hina , Khedher Nidhal Ben , Tag-ElDin Sayed Mohamed , Guedri Kamel
Published: May 2023

Entropy generation analyses of hybrid nanofluids via compliant wall tubes are performed with peristalsis effects in this study. Thermophysical properties of nanofluid are incorporated in mathematical formulations for various shapes of nanoparticles. Convective conditions on the boundary are considered. Momentum and energy equations are modeled and simplified under the lubrication approach. Solutions are calculated numerically using MATHEMATICA. The impact of various related parameters on flow quantities is observed via graphs. The study reveals greater entropy generation for blade-shaped nanoparticles.
NOVEL METHOD TO ASSESS THE DYNAMIC TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SPORTS MEDICINE SUTURE
Authors: LI WENJIAO , WANG YING , JI YONGZHI
Published: May 2023

Herein, a method was proposed for testing the dynamic tensile properties of a sports medicine suture and investigating the fatigue properties and elongation of the suture after a fatigue test. A test device was designed to test the dynamic tensile properties of sutures. The endurance limit of Nos. 1 and 4 sutures, which were used for laboratory comparisons, was [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]N and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]N and the elongation rate was [Formula: see text], respectively. Furthermore, the Z-score, which is the offset divided by the standard deviation, was [Formula: see text]. The proposed test method is accurate and the repeatability is satisfied, making it suitable for determining the dynamic tensile properties of sutures. It is used as an industry standard to provide technical support for supervising sports medicine sutures.
B-spline quarklets and biorthogonal multiwavelets
Authors: Hovemann Marc , Kopsch Anne , Raasch Thorsten , Vogel Dorian
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we show that B-spline quarks and the associated quarklets fit into the theory of biorthogonal multiwavelets. Quark vectors are used to define sequences of subspaces [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] which fulfill almost all conditions of a multiresolution analysis. Under some special conditions on the parameters, they even satisfy all those properties. Moreover, we prove that quarks and quarklets possess modulation matrices which fulfill the perfect reconstruction condition. Furthermore, we show the existence of generalized dual quarks and quarklets which are known to be at least compactly supported tempered distributions from [Formula: see text]. Finally, we also verify that quarks and quarklets can be used to define sequences of subspaces [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] that yield non-orthogonal decompositions of [Formula: see text].
Stable Walking Feedback Control for a Self-Balanced Lower Limb Exoskeleton for Paraplegics
Authors: Li Jinke , Tian Dingkui , Sun Jianquan , Yin Meng , Wang Zhuo , Wu Xinyu
Published: May 2023

Self-Balanced lower limb exoskeleton (SBLLE) is designed for rehabilitation and walking assistance for dyskinesia persons with spinal or lower limb muscle injury to regain the locomotion ability in daily activities. In this paper, an innovative feedback control strategy for a fully actuated SBLLE is presented, which helps users to walk stably without crutches or other assistive devices. Exoskeleton is approximated as a simplified center of mass (CoM) model. Based on this simplified dynamic model, the trajectory generation and walking feedback control strategy, which enhances the locomotion stability, is introduced. The proposed strategy is implemented on our exoskeleton, AutoLEE-II, and its stability and dynamic performance are demonstrated in the stable walking simulations and experiments for exoskeleton with a female subject.
Little Rip, Pseudo Rip and bounce cosmology from generalized equation of state in the universe with spatial curvature
Authors: Timoshkin A. V. , Yurov A. V.
Published: May 2023

We consider the Little Rip (LR), Pseudo Rip (PR) and bounce cosmological models in the Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) metric with nonzero spatial curvature. We describe the evolution of the universe using a generalized equation of state (EoS) in the presence of a viscous fluid. The conditions of the occurrence of the LR, PR and bounce were obtained from the point of view of the parameters of the generalized EoS for the cosmic dark fluid, taking into account the spatial curvature. The analytical expressions for the spatial curvature were obtained. Asymptotic cases of the early and late universe are considered. A method of Darboux transformation (DT) was proposed in the case of models of an accelerating universe with viscosity.
Practical Perception-Based Evaluation of Gaze Prediction for Gaze Contingent Rendering
Authors: Aziz Samantha , Lohr Dillon J. , Stefanescu Razvan , Komogortsev Oleg
Published: May 2023

This paper proposes a novel evaluation framework, termed "critical evaluation periods," for evaluating continuous gaze prediction models. This framework emphasizes prediction performance when it is most critical for gaze prediction to be accurate relative to user perception. Based on perceptual characteristics of the human visual system such as saccadic suppression, this framework provides a more practical assessment of gaze prediction performance for gaze-contingent rendering compared to the dominant sample-by-sample evaluation strategy employed in literature, which overemphasizes performance during easy-to-predict periods of fixation. Using a case study with a lightweight deep learning gaze prediction model, we observe a significant discrepancy in the reported prediction accuracy between the proposed critical evaluation periods and the dominant evaluation strategy employed in literature. Based on our findings, we suggest that the proposed framework is more suitable for evaluating the performance of continuous gaze prediction models intended for gaze-contingent rendering applications.
Unconscious Frustration: Dynamically Assessing User Experience using Eye and Mouse Tracking
Authors: Stone Scott A. , Chapman Craig S.
Published: May 2023

Eye-tracking has become easier to deploy in user experience (UX) studies to get a sense of where users attend to during interactions. Additionally, mouse tracking grants insights into the cognition driving the user's behaviours and end goals, as can measuring the coordination between the eye and mouse-cursor. We created a menu navigation task based on a popular video game to assess two populations: a local cohort, and a remote cohort. We used two different eye trackers (monitor-mounted hardware, and a webcam-based algorithm; local used both simultaneously, remote used webcam only) with concurrent mouse tracking to detect friction in the UX. We found that both eye trackers had similar performance and revealed a previously undetected friction point. We argue this friction point was only detected because of the use of quantified, coordinated unconscious behaviours (eye and hand movements). The methods demonstrated are easily integrated into current UX studies with minimal cost.
A Unified Look at Cultural Heritage: Comparison of Aggregated Scanpaths over Architectural Artifacts
Authors: Krejtz Krzysztof , Szczecinski Patryk , Pawlowska Aneta , Rutkowska-Siuda Daria , Wisiecka Katarzyna , Milczarski Piotr , Hlobaz Artur , Duchowski Andrew T. , Krejtz Izabela
Published: May 2023

The paper contributes to scanpath bundling methods. We propose an analytical approach for statistical comparisons of aggregated scanpath visualizations by means of second-order gaze analysis metrics. The present study explores differences in attention distribution and cognitive processing over architectural objects between architects, art historians, and non-experts. The results show between-group differences in attention dynamics of the aggregated scanpaths. The aggregated scanpaths of both expert groups were focal, while non-experts' scanpaths were ambient. Experts also paid more attention to and tended to remember better the architectural details and their location. The discussion explores the scalability of the proposed approach for Human-Computer Interaction and accessibility technologies designed to enhance the experience of cultural heritage.
On Optimal Subarchitectures for Quantum Circuit Mapping
Authors: Peham Tom , Burgholzer Lukas , Wille Robert
Published: May 2023

Compiling a high-level quantum circuit down to a low-level description that can be executed on state-of-the-art quantum computers is a crucial part of the software stack for quantum computing. One step in compiling a quantum circuit to some device is quantum circuit mapping, where the circuit is transformed such that it complies with the architecture’s limited qubit connectivity. Because the search space in quantum circuit mapping grows exponentially in the number of qubits, it is desirable to consider as few of the device’s physical qubits as possible in the process. Previous work conjectured that it suffices to consider only subarchitectures of a quantum computer composed of as many qubits as used in the circuit. In this work, we refute this conjecture and establish criteria for judging whether considering larger parts of the architecture might yield better solutions to the mapping problem. We show that determining subarchitectures that are of minimal size, i.e., from which no physical qubit can be removed without losing the optimal mapping solution for some quantum circuit, is a very hard problem. Based on a relaxation of the criteria for optimality, we introduce a relaxed consideration that still maintains optimality for practically relevant quantum circuits. Eventually, this results in two methods for computing near-optimal sets of subarchitectures—providing the basis for
efficient
quantum circuit mapping solutions. We demonstrate the benefits of this novel method for state-of-the-art quantum computers by IBM, Google, and Rigetti.
Formal Specification and Verification of JDK’s Identity Hash Map Implementation
Authors: De Boer Martin , De Gouw Stijn , Klamroth Jonas , Jung Christian , Ulbrich Mattias , Weigl Alexander
Published: May 2023

Hash maps are a common and important data structure in efficient algorithm implementations. Despite their wide-spread use, real-world implementations are not regularly verified.

In this article, we present the first case study of the
IdentityHashMap
class in the Java JDK. We specified its behavior using the Java Modeling Language (JML) and proved correctness for the main insertion and lookup methods with KeY, a semi-interactive theorem prover for JML-annotated Java programs. Furthermore, we report how unit testing and bounded model checking can be leveraged to find a suitable specification more quickly. We also investigated where the bottlenecks in the verification of hash maps lie for KeY by comparing required automatic proof effort for different hash map implementations and draw conclusions for the choice of hash map implementations regarding their verifiability.
Automated Adversary-in-the-Loop Cyber-Physical Defense Planning
Authors: Banik Sandeep , Ramachandran Thiagarajan , Bhattacharya Arnab , Bopardikar Shaunak D.
Published: May 2023

Security of cyber-physical systems (CPS) continues to pose new challenges due to the tight integration and operational complexity of the cyber and physical components. To address these challenges, this article presents a domain-aware, optimization-based approach to determine an effective defense strategy for CPS in an automated fashion—by emulating a strategic adversary in the loop that exploits system vulnerabilities, interconnection of the CPS, and the dynamics of the physical components. Our approach builds on an adversarial decision-making model based on a Markov Decision Process (MDP) that determines the optimal cyber (discrete) and physical (continuous) attack actions over a CPS attack graph. The defense planning problem is modeled as a non-zero-sum game between the adversary and defender. We use a model-free reinforcement learning method to solve the adversary’s problem as a function of the defense strategy. We then employ Bayesian optimization (BO) to find an approximate
best-response
for the defender to harden the network against the resulting adversary policy. This process is iterated multiple times to improve the strategy for both players. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on a ransomware-inspired graph with a smart building system as the physical process. Numerical studies show that our method converges to a Nash equilibrium for various defender-specific costs of network hardening.
SocioCoast: Design and Implementation of a Data-Driven Platform for Citizen Science in Coastal Areas
Authors: Chatzivasili Loukas , Charalambous Georgia , Kapitsaki Georgia , Papoutsoglou Maria , Markakis Konstantinos , Harasim Ioustina , Plevraki Maria , Magoutis Kostas
Published: May 2023

Due to the rapid urbanization and globalization that has occurred in recent decades, cities have undergone significant changes and transformations. The smart city concept can lead to improvements in the life quality of citizens and contribute to the city’s sustainability by collecting humans’ real-time observations. More specifically in smart coastal areas, citizen’s science data can be utilized not only to increase the effectiveness of its services like smart tourism and smart transit but also to raise awareness about environmental issues. Emphasizing on coastal areas under the Blue Flag program and the Natura 2000 network, in this work, we introduce a system that aims to collect crowdsourcing data from citizens and tourists and combine or compare them with existing knowledge for these areas. We describe the design and implementation: the back-end, its data sources and also the front-end outputs, a web knowledge platform, and a crowdsourcing mobile application. Geospatial information as well as historical or real-time data collected will be provided to users for further exploitation and creation of their own applications. A demonstration of the system is also provided to showcase its usefulness in increasing attractiveness and raising awareness for coastal areas by offering users rich and updated information.
Prediction of oxygen uptake kinetics during heavy-intensity cycling exercise by machine learning analysis
Authors: Hedge Eric T. , Amelard Robert , Hughson Richard L.
Published: May 2023

Machine learning analysis of wearable sensor data with a sequential model, which utilized a receptive field of approximately 3 min to make instantaneous oxygen uptake estimations, accurately predicted oxygen uptake kinetics from moderate through to higher-intensity exercise. This innovation will enable nonintrusive cardiorespiratory monitoring over a wide range of exercise intensities encountered in vigorous training and competitive sports.
Data from The m6A reader YTHDF2 promotes bladder cancer progression by suppressing RIG-I-mediated immune response
Authors: Zhang Lei , Li Yuqing , Zhou Lingli , Zhou Houhong , Ye Liefu , Ou Tong , Hong Huaishan , Zheng Shiwen , Zhou Ziyu , Wu Kang , Yan Zeqin , Thiery Jean Paul. , Cui Jun , Wu Song
Published: May 2023

Abstract
N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal modification among mammalian mRNAs. Recent studies show that m6A methyltransferases, METTL3 and METTL14, play important roles in bladder carcinoma (BLCA). However, the impact of YTHDF2, a crucial m6A reader, has yet to be investigated. Here, we found that YTHDF2 is frequently up-regulated at both the RNA and protein level in bladder cancers. Functionally, YTHDF2 promotes the proliferation and tumor growth of BLCA cells in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Integrative RNA-sequencing and m6A-sequencing analyses show that RIG-I is a downstream target of YTHDF2. Mechanistically, YTHDF2 binds to the coding sequence of DDX58 mRNA and mediates its degradation in an m6A-dependent manner. Knock-down of RIG-I inhibits apoptosis and promotes the proliferation of BLCA cells. Depleting DDX58 also restores the phenotype abrogated by YTHDF2 deficiency. Moreover, bladder cancer Ythdf2-deficient cells implanted orthotopically activate an innate immune response and promote the recruitment of CD8+ T lymphocytes into the tumor bed and the urothelium. Consequently, targeting YTHDF2 may be beneficial in Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy. Our study reveals that YTHDF2 acts as an oncogene and RIG-I as a tumor suppressor in BLCA. These findings highlight the functional importance of the m6A modification in BLCA and implicate YTHDF2 as a potential therapeutic target of BLCA treatment.
Data from Dual impact of IGF2 on alveolar stem cell function during tobacco-induced injury repair and development of pulmonary emphysema and cancer
Authors: Boo Hye-Jin , Min Hye-Young , Park Choon-Sik , Park: Jong-Sook , Jeong Ji Yun , Lee Shin Yup , Kim Woo-Young , Lee Jae-Won , Oh Sei-Ryang , Park Rang-Woon , Lee Ho-Young
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Pulmonary emphysema is a destructive inflammatory disease primarily caused by cigarette smoking (CS). Recovery from CS-induced injury requires proper stem cell (SC) activities with a tightly controlled balance of proliferation and differentiation. Here we show that acute alveolar injury induced by two representative tobacco carcinogens, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and benzo[a]pyrene (N/B), increased IGF2 expression in alveolar type 2 cells (AT2s) to promote their SC function and facilitate alveolar regeneration. Autocrine IGF2 signaling upregulated Wnt genes, particularly Wnt3, to stimulate AT2 proliferation and alveolar barrier regeneration after N/B-induced acute injury. In contrast, repetitive N/B exposure provoked sustained IGF2-Wnt signaling through DNMT3A-mediated epigenetic control of IGF2 expression, causing a proliferation/differentiation imbalance in AT2s and development of emphysema and cancer. Hypermethylation of the IGF2 promoter and overexpression of DNMT3A, IGF2, and the Wnt target gene AXIN2 were seen in the lungs of patients with CS-associated emphysema and cancer. Pharmacological or genetic approaches targeting IGF2-Wnt signaling or DNMT prevented the development of N/B-induced pulmonary diseases. These findings support dual roles of AT2 cells, which can either stimulate alveolar repair or promote emphysema and cancer depending on IGF2 expression levels.
Data from Extrachromosomal Amplification of Human Papillomavirus Episomes is a Mechanism of Cervical Carcinogenesis
Authors: Rossi Nicole M. , Dai Jieqiong , Xie Yi , Wangsa Darawalee , Heselmeyer-Haddad Kerstin , Lou Hong , Boland Joseph F. , Yeager Meredith , Orozco Roberto , Alvirez Freites Enrique , Mirabello Lisa , Gharzouzi Eduardo , Dean Michael
Published: May 2023

Abstract
HPV16 is the most oncogenic type of human papillomavirus (HPV). Integration of HPV into the human genome is an important mechanism of carcinogenesis but is absent in at least 30% of HPV16+ tumors. We applied long-read whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to cervical cancer cell lines and tumors to characterize HPV16 carcinogenesis in the absence of integration. Large tandem arrays of full-length and unique truncated viral genomes integrated into multiple chromosomes were identified in two HPV16+ cell lines. The dispersion of characteristic viral variants to multiple integrations sites indicated that viral deletions formed as extrachromosomal DNA (a phenomenon we termed HPV superspreading). In addition, an HPV16+ cell line was identified with unintegrated (episomal) DNA that had tandem arrays of full-length, truncated, and rearranged HPV16 genomes (multimer episomes). Cytogenetic analysis of this cell line showed intense extrachromosomal HPV staining, including structures resembling double-minute chromosomes. Whole genome sequencing of HPV16+ cervical tumor samples from Latin America revealed that 11/20 tumors with only episomal HPV (EP) had intact monomer episomes. The remaining nine EP tumors had multimer and rearranged HPV genomes. The majority (80%) of HPV rearrangements and deletions disrupted the E1 and E2 genes, and EP tumors overexpressed the E6 and E7 viral oncogenes, a similar profile to tumors with HPV integration. Tumors with putative multimer HPV integrations displayed HPV multimers and concatemers of human and viral sequences. This data uncovered a novel mechanism for HPV16 to cause cancer without integration through aberrant episomal replication to form rearranged, mutated, and multimer episomes.
Data from mWTX-330, an IL 12 INDUKINE Molecule, Activates and Reshapes Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T and NK Cells to Generate Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Nirschl Christopher J. , Brodkin Heather R. , Domonkos Celesztina , Dwyer Connor J. , Hicklin Daniel J. , Ismail Nesreen , Seidel-Dugan Cynthia , Steiner Philipp , Steuert Zoe , Sullivan Jenna M. , Winston William M. , Salmeron Andres
Published: May 2023

Abstract
IL-12 is a pleotropic inflammatory cytokine that has broad stimulatory effects on various immune cell populations, making it an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. However, despite generating robust antitumor activity in syngeneic murine tumor models, clinical administration of IL-12 has been limited by severe toxicity. mWTX-330 is a selectively inducible INDUKINE molecule comprised of a half-life extension domain and an inactivation domain linked to chimeric IL-12 by tumor protease–sensitive linkers. Systemic administration of mWTX-330 in mice was well tolerated, resulted in robust antitumor immunity in multiple tumor models, and preferentially activated tumor-infiltrating immune cells rather than immune cells present in peripheral tissues. Antitumor activity was dependent on in vivo processing of the protease cleavable linkers and required CD8+ T cells for full efficacy. Within the tumor, mWTX-330 increased the frequency of cross-presenting dendritic cells (DCs), activated natural killer (NK) cells, skewed conventional CD4+ T cells toward a T helper 1 (TH1) phenotype, drove regulatory T cells (Treg) fragility, and increased the frequency of polyfunctional CD8+ T cells. mWTX-330 treatment also increased the clonality of tumor-infiltrating T cells by expanding underrepresented T-cell receptor (TCR) clones, drove CD8+ T and NK cells towards increased mitochondrial respiration and fitness, and decreased the frequency of TOX+ exhausted CD8+ T cells within the tumor. A fully human version of this INDUKINE molecule was stable in human serum, was reliably and selectively processed by human tumor samples, and is currently in clinical development.
 
Deconstructing Olfactory Epithelium Developmental Pathways in Olfactory Neuroblastoma
Authors: Finlay John B. , Abi Hachem Ralph , Jang David W. , Osazuwa-Peters Nosayaba , Goldstein Bradley J.
Published: May 2023

Olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare tumor arising from the olfactory cleft region of the nasal cavity. Because of the low incidence of this tumor, as well as an absence of established cell lines and murine models, understanding the mechanisms driving olfactory neuroblastoma pathobiology has been challenging. Here, we sought to apply advances from research on the human olfactory epithelial neurogenic niche, along with new biocomputational approaches, to better understand the cellular and molecular factors in low- and high-grade olfactory neuroblastoma and how specific transcriptomic markers may predict prognosis. We analyzed a total of 19 olfactory neuroblastoma samples with available bulk RNA-sequencing and survival data, along with 10 samples from normal olfactory epithelium. A bulk RNA-sequencing deconvolution model identified a significant increase in globose basal cell (GBC) and CD8 T-cell identities in high-grade tumors (GBC from ∼0% to 8%, CD8 T cell from 0.7% to 2.2%), and significant decreases in mature neuronal, Bowman's gland, and olfactory ensheathing programs, in high-grade tumors (mature neuronal from 3.7% to ∼0%, Bowman's gland from 18.6% to 10.5%, olfactory ensheathing from 3.4% to 1.1%). Trajectory analysis identified potential regulatory pathways in proliferative olfactory neuroblastoma cells, including PRC2, which was validated by immunofluorescence staining. Survival analysis guided by gene expression in bulk RNA-sequencing data identified favorable prognostic markers such as SOX9, S100B, and PLP1 expression.

Significance:

Our analyses provide a basis for additional research on olfactory neuroblastoma management, as well as identification of potential new prognostic markers.
Paródia e 'Mundo do Riso'
Authors: Schnaiderman Boris
Published: May 2023

Introdução
O Vetor do Curió: retratismo e congenialidade em A Boba, de Anita Malfati
Authors: Rosa Rafael Vogt Maia
Published: May 2023

O artigo é um relato sobre visita à tela A Boba (1917), de Anita Malfatti. O teor natural da cor amarela e da voz como limiares entre natureza e cultura são tomados como elementos de convergência entre a poética da artista paulista e outras contemporâneas como as de Joseph Beuys e Tunga, procurando também refletir sobre a hipótese de Giorgio Agamben, em seu primeiro livro de ensaios, sobre o surgimento de uma teatralidade em torno da arte contemporânea que tende a um insidioso “restauro da beleza natural”.
Nota sobre Musicologia e Modernismo
Authors: Galvão Walnice Nogueira
Published: May 2023

Apesar da lição de Mário de Andrade, cuja atuação privilegiava tanto a literatura quanto a música, o tempo trouxe privilégio para a primeira. A produção de teoria e pesquisa em musicologia hoje no Brasil é abundante e de alta qualidade, e as Letras só têm a perder mantendo-se alheias. Nesse sentido, são examinados os três principais tipos de instituição onde tais estudos se desenvolvem, a par com os especialistas que os representam: os centros de pesquisa, as Universidades e as Ongs.
O incontornável Corpo da Nação: reapropriações e heterodoxias futuristas em torno da Semana de Arte Moderna
Authors: Vecchi Roberto
Published: May 2023

O Futurismo italiano desempenhou uma tarefa complexa, sobretudo nos antecedentes da Semana de Arte de São Paulo mas não exclusiva. No artigo, não se reconstrói tanto a polêmica sobre o Futurismo que marcou a gestação da Semana, mas sobretudo o papel diferencial que o Futurismo italiano teve, como material de articulação de um processo mais amplo que o absorveu, na preparação da trama estética e ideológica modernista, inclusive quando a sua influência não se manifestaria de modo explícito. Sinteticamente e por imagem, se poderia dizer que ocorreu uma espécie de conservação negativa de valores reconduzíveis ao Futurismo italiano. Um reuso condicionado, na complexidade do corpo histórico e social do Brasil, que mostra como a influência externa funciona só no momento em que se converte em uma força de transformação interna, como a semiótica demostra. Nesta linha, o legado do Futurismo é perceptível em particular não só nas inconveniências da aurora moderna mas na disseminação que seguiu a emersão impetuosa dos valores do Modernismo, na refração de multíplices modernidades.
Modernismo, Simbolismo e Regionalismo: a antropofagia particular dos "novos" no Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Chiappini Ligia
Published: May 2023

O texto se propõe a contribuir para as discussões atuais sobre o(s) modernismo(s), provocadas pelo Centenário da Semana de Arte Moderna, revisitando hipóteses e conclusões sobre o Modernismo do Rio Grande do Sul. Além da apresentação breve de autores, obras e temas, aponta dois momentos centrais na formação do grupo dos chamados "novos" do Rio Grande, suas relações dinâmicas e variadas com escritores, críticos e artistas de São Paulo e Rio, como também, embora mais lentamente, de outros Estados brasileiros. No final, concentra-se na especificidade desse modernismo, identificando aí o esforço individual e coletivo na criação de uma regionalidade modernista, que, mesclando Regionalismo e Simbolismo, caracterizaria o modo gaúcho peculiar de contribuir para a criação do “espírito modernista”;, tal como o concebe Mário de Andrade.
O corpo do poema, fendas na poesia de Alda Merini
Authors: Ghisi Agnes , Peterle Patricia
Published: May 2023

A poética de Alda Merini (1931-2009) é marcada pela íntima relação que estabelece com o vivido, podendo ser encarada até mesmo como uma escrita autobiográfica, uma escrita de si (FOUCAULT, 2004). O poeta e crítico literário Giovanni Raboni sugere (2005) que a trajetória poética de Merini se divide em dois momentos, marcados por um evento biográfico: o internamento manicomial, que durou de 1965 a 1979. Nesse sentido, se delineia uma poética pré- e outra pós-manicomial. No presente artigo, a partir da leitura da fortuna crítica da autora e de seus poemas de antes e depois do manicômio, buscamos investigar essa divisão por meio da leitura de alguns poemas selecionados da primeira edição de La Terra Santa (1984), considerada a obra mais importante desse período (CORTI, 1998). A partir disso, propomos um percurso em que a análise de elementos estéticos e poéticos enfatiza e privilegia o deslocamento do verso na página.
Retained Metabolic Flexibility of the Failing Human Heart
Authors: Watson William D. , Green Peregrine G. , Lewis Andrew J.M. , Arvidsson Per , De Maria Giovanni Luigi , Arheden Håkan , Heiberg Einar , Clarke William T. , Rodgers Christopher T. , Valkovič Ladislav , Neubauer Stefan , Herring Neil , Rider Oliver J.
Published: May 2023

Background:

The failing heart is traditionally described as metabolically inflexible and oxygen starved, causing energetic deficit and contractile dysfunction. Current metabolic modulator therapies aim to increase glucose oxidation to increase oxygen efficiency of adenosine triphosphate production, with mixed results.

Methods:

To investigate metabolic flexibility and oxygen delivery in the failing heart, 20 patients with nonischemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (left ventricular ejection fraction 34.9±9.1) underwent separate infusions of insulin+glucose infusion (I+G) or Intralipid infusion. We used cardiovascular magnetic resonance to assess cardiac function and measured energetics using phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy. To investigate the effects of these infusions on cardiac substrate use, function, and myocardial oxygen uptake (MV
o
2
), invasive arteriovenous sampling and pressure–volume loops were performed (n=9).

Results:

At rest, we found that the heart had considerable metabolic flexibility. During I+G, cardiac glucose uptake and oxidation were predominant (70±14% total energy substrate for adenosine triphosphate production versus 17±16% for Intralipid;
P
=0.002); however, no change in cardiac function was seen relative to basal conditions. In contrast, during Intralipid infusion, cardiac long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) delivery, uptake, LCFA acylcarnitine production, and fatty acid oxidation were all increased (LCFA 73±17% of total substrate versus 19±26% total during I+G;
P
=0.009). Myocardial energetics were better with Intralipid compared with I+G (phosphocreatine/adenosine triphosphate 1.86±0.25 versus 2.01±0.33;
P
=0.02), and systolic and diastolic function were improved (LVEF 34.9±9.1 baseline, 33.7±8.2 I+G, 39.9±9.3 Intralipid;
P
<0.001). During increased cardiac workload, LCFA uptake and oxidation were again increased during both infusions. There was no evidence of systolic dysfunction or lactate efflux at 65% maximal heart rate, suggesting that a metabolic switch to fat did not cause clinically meaningful ischemic metabolism.

Conclusions:

Our findings show that even in nonischemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction with severely impaired systolic function, significant cardiac metabolic flexibility is retained, including the ability to alter substrate use to match both arterial supply and changes in workload. Increasing LCFA uptake and oxidation is associated with improved myocardial energetics and contractility. Together, these findings challenge aspects of the rationale underlying existing metabolic therapies for heart failure and suggest that strategies promoting fatty acid oxidation may form the basis for future therapies.
A pattern of cognitive resource disruptions in childhood psychopathology
Authors: Stier Andrew J. , Cardenas-Iniguez Carlos , Kardan Omid , Moore Tyler M. , Meyer Francisco A. C. , Rosenberg Monica D. , Kaczkurkin Antonia N. , Lahey Benjamin B. , Berman Marc G.
Published: May 2023

The Hurst exponent (H) isolated in fractal analyses of neuroimaging time series is implicated broadly in cognition. Within this literature, H is associated with multiple mental disorders, suggesting that H is transdimensionally associated with psychopathology. Here, we unify these results and demonstrate a pattern of decreased H with increased general psychopathology and attention-deficit/hyperactivity factor scores during a working memory task in 1,839 children. This pattern predicts current and future cognitive performance in children and some psychopathology in 703 adults. This pattern also defines psychological and functional axes associating psychopathology with an imbalance in resource allocation between fronto-parietal and sensorimotor regions, driven by reduced resource allocation to fronto-parietal regions. This suggests the hypothesis that impaired working memory function in psychopathology follows from a reduced cognitive resource pool and a reduction in resources allocated to the task at hand.
Atmospheric Water Vapor Transport between Ocean and Land under Climate Warming
Authors: Wang Jialin , Pan Feifei , An Pingli , Han Guolin , Jiang Kang , Song Yu , Huang Na , Zhang Ziyuan , Ma Shangqian , Chen Xiao , Pan Zhihua
Published: May 2023

Global warming intensifies atmospheric water vapor transport between ocean and land, which increases the likelihood of extreme precipitation and floods. However, accurate estimations of water vapor exchange between ocean and land are difficult due to the lack of available data and effective methods. This study developed a novel eight-direction-vector decomposition algorithm for calculating water vapor flux between ocean and land based on the ERA5 dataset, and the results showed that global water vapor exchange between ocean and land had significantly increased in the past 40 years, except for Antarctica. During 1980–2018, the average annual net water vapor inflow from ocean to land (Qnet) was 44.68 × 1015 kg yr−1, and Qnet increased at a rate of 1.48 × 1015 kg yr−1 decade−1. The intensified atmospheric water vapor exchange between ocean and land was directly caused by the increase of atmospheric water vapor content, which largely depended on the rising air temperature, and it was found that water vapor flux between ocean and land increased by over 8% K−1 with the increasing air temperature at the global average. This study also identified El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) as an important contributor to the global ocean–land water vapor exchange anomalies. A strong El Niño event (MEI = 1) can result in a 1.36 × 1015 kg yr−1 (3.03%) decrease in Qnet, and a strong La Niña event (MEI = −1) can increase Qnet by 1.38 × 1015 kg yr−1 (3.09%). The eight-direction-vector decomposition algorithm was effective in ocean–land water vapor flux estimations at different spatial and temporal scales, which could provide great insights into the mechanisms of extreme precipitation events.

Significance Statement

This study developed a novel approach on water vapor flux estimation (i.e., the eight-direction-vector decomposition algorithm) and achieved a high-temporal–spatial-resolution estimation of water vapor flux between ocean and land. It was found that water vapor flux between ocean and land was intensified by increasing air temperature at a rate of 8% K−1, and El Niño yielded an anomaly low net water vapor input from ocean to land at the global scale. The algorithm developed in this study can be used for estimating water vapor fluxes at different spatial and temporal scales, which is crucial for evaluating the role of water vapor flux on formations for extreme weather (e.g., torrential rainstorms and heat waves) and climatic extremes (e.g., droughts and floods).
The Idealized Aquaplanet Maritime Continent Barrier Effect on the MJO Predictability
Authors: Kim Hyemi , Benedict James J.
Published: May 2023

Studies have indicated exaggerated Maritime Continent (MC) barrier effect in simulations of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), a dominant source of subseasonal predictability in the tropics. This issue has plagued the modeling and operational forecasting communities for decades, while the sensitivity of MC barrier on MJO predictability has not been addressed quantitatively. In this study, perfect-model ensemble forecasts are conducted with an aquaplanet configuration of the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) in which both basic state and tropical modes of variability are reasonably simulated with a warm pool–like SST distribution. When water-covered terrain mimicking MC landmasses is added to the warm pool–like SST framework, the eastward propagation of the MJO is disturbed by the prescribed MC aqua-mountain. The MJO predictability estimate with the perfect-model experiment is about 6 weeks but reduces to about 4 weeks when the MJO is impeded by the MC aqua-mountain. Given that the recent operational forecasts show an average of 3–4 weeks of MJO prediction skill, we can conclude that improving the MJO propagation crossing the MC could improve the MJO skill to 5–6 weeks, close to the potential predictability found in this study (6 weeks). Therefore, more effort toward understanding and improving the MJO propagation is needed to enhance the MJO and MJO-related forecasts to improve the subseasonal-to-seasonal prediction.
Linearity of the Climate System Response to Raising and Lowering West Antarctic and Coastal Antarctic Topography
Authors: Pauling Andrew G. , Bitz Cecilia M. , Steig Eric J.
Published: May 2023

A hierarchy of general circulation models (GCMs) is used to investigate the linearity of the response of the climate system to changes in Antarctic topography. Experiments were conducted with a GCM with either a slab ocean or fixed SSTs and sea ice, in which the West Antarctic ice sheet (WAIS) and coastal Antarctic topography were either lowered or raised in an idealized way. Additional experiments were conducted with a fully coupled GCM with topographic perturbations based on an ice-sheet model in which the WAIS collapses. The response over the continent is the same in all model configurations and is mostly linear. In contrast, the response has substantial nonlinear elements over the Southern Ocean that depend on the model configuration and are due to feedbacks with sea ice, ocean, and clouds. The atmosphere warms near the surface over much of the Southern Ocean and cools in the stratosphere over Antarctica, whether topography is raised or lowered. When topography is lowered, the Southern Ocean surface warming is due to strengthened southward atmospheric heat transport and associated enhanced storminess over the WAIS and the high latitudes of the Southern Ocean. When topography is raised, Southern Ocean warming is more limited and is associated with circulation anomalies. The response in the fully coupled experiments is generally consistent with the more idealized experiments, but the full-depth ocean warms throughout the water column whether topography is raised or lowered. These results indicate that ice sheet–climate system feedbacks differ depending on whether the Antarctic ice sheet is gaining or losing mass.

Significance Statement

Throughout Earth’s history, the Antarctic ice sheet was at times taller or shorter than it is today. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean around Antarctica respond to changes in ice sheet height. We find that the response to lowering the ice sheet is not the opposite of the response to raising it, and that in either case the ocean surface near the continent warms. When the ice sheet is raised, the ocean warming is related to circulation changes; when the ice sheet is lowered, the ocean warming is from an increase in southward atmospheric heat transport. These results are important for understanding how the ice sheet height and local climate evolve together through time.
Reducing health inequalities through skills training, support and removing barriers to employment
Authors: Woodall James , Coan Susan , Stanley Michelle
Published: May 2023

Objective:

This paper reports on a programme which sought to engage individuals and groups who are underrepresented in the UK labour market. The programme aimed to improve access to employment opportunities and provide practical support in job applications. The focus was on encouraging people to seek employment in the health and social care sectors and on tackling health inequalities in the region.

Design:

Qualitative inquiry.

Setting:

Leeds, UK.

Method:

Using focus groups and interviews, this paper explores key learning from the programme and the experience of programme delivery, both from the perspective of the professionals working on the programme and the individuals participating.

Results:

A coordinated strategic partnership in which key agencies share a common purpose is critical. The value of a localised strategy to engage communities is an important mechanism for success. Working closely with schools and businesses provides opportunities to access individuals who might usually find employment services difficult to access. The programme examined here sought to put people’s aspirations at the heart of delivery, offering choice and tailored opportunities to develop their careers. This could include developing specific skills or raising awareness of potential careers. The programme also promoted opportunities by removing barriers in the job application process. A range of positive health outcomes were reported for participants engaging in the programme that require further exploration.

Conclusion:

Meaningful employment is an important health determinant, but some communities face barriers to employment and consequently find the labour market difficult to access. Findings suggest a range of ways to engage people in finding meaningful employment and support.
Fanonian Art Practices: Toward A Decolonial Grammar of Being
Authors: Nkosinkulu Zingisa
Published: May 2023

Frantz Fanon’s thought has been key to the understanding of the lived experiences of black colonized subjects in the modern contemporary world including in the discipline of visual art. The modern world is constructed on systems of coloniality that border on the appropriation of African knowledge and indigenous knowledge systems, misrepresentation of their artifacts, and distortion of their languages. Decolonial epistemic perspective is a theory that is instrumental in this article to situate Fanon’s thought to foreground a conceptual language of analysis and critique of black lived experiences in contemporary visual art. History of art is one of westernized disciplines in which the language of representing and interpreting African art and black art is absent. The colonial gramma of art history reduces African art to the language of an unknown artist and primitive art which led to the misrepresentation of the African and black narratives. This article deploys Fanon’s thought from a decolonial perspective to formulate a decolonial grammar of being that will be applied to the interpretation of African and black art.
Minority Ethnic Staff in Universities: Organisational Commitments, Reputation and the (Re)structuring of the Staff Body
Authors: Baltaru Roxana D
Published: May 2023

This article problematises whether organisational commitments impact the representation of ethnic minorities in the university workforce. In doing so, it considers the institutional context and the broader restructuring of universities’ personnel. The analysis is based on a longitudinal dataset of 120 universities, including university-level indicators of organisational commitments, institutional characteristics and ethnic minority staff numbers. The findings reveal that while on average, universities that are members of the Race Equality Charter exhibit higher shares of minority ethnic staff in higher-level contracts compared with those universities that are not members, joining the charter does not make a university more inclusive. Importantly, the share of minority ethnic staff is substantially lower in elite universities compared with all other universities, which indicates tensions between inclusion and university reputation. The results are discussed in terms of their relevance to sociological institutionalist and organisational theories, and to higher education policy.
A Study of Lexical Repetition and the Comprehensibility of Single-Sourced Technical Documents
Authors: Gattis Lyn F.
Published: May 2023

This study investigated the extent to which lexical repetition in English passages developed in a content management system appeared to affect reading comprehension. Participants were 65 graduate students at a Midwestern public university, all of whom were native English readers. Instruments were two passages adjusted to maximize or minimize internal lexical repetition. Readers rated repetitive texts as significantly more cohesive than nonrepetitive texts, although repetition did not significantly affect the accuracy of task-based responses. Participants named lexical cues that had been repeated but also named nonrepeated, memorable cues, suggesting possible future research into managed content, lexical memorableness, and reader comprehension.