bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and clinical features of drug-related osteonecroses of the jaws
Authors: Виноградова Наталья , Vinogradova Natal'ya , Львов Константин , L'vov Konstantin , Харитонова Марина , Haritonova Marina
Published: December 2017

Subject of study. Bisphosphonate - related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a severe complication, which may arise in patients, receiving BP therapy and also in patients taking designer drugs (desomorphine, methamphetamine). Urgency of the study is caused by broad bisphosphonate administration in patients with the proved bone metastasises, myelomatosis, Paget disease. Use of red phosphorus at clandestine production of desomorphine and methamphetamine in patients with drug abuse. Atypical forms of osteomyelitis develop at these two categories of people. Purpose - to study the prevalence and features of clinical and X-ray picture of the drug-related osteonecrosis. Methodology. The study is based on retrospective survey of records and X-ray examination of patients being on treatment in maxillofacial surgery’s unit in MAU “CGKB” (Central Clinical City Hospital) #23 in 2013-2017. Results. Drug - related osteonecrosis was diagnosed in 31.2% hospitalization cases with jaw osteomyelitis. In 50% designer drugs taking (desomorphine, methamphetamine) was the reason. In 50% was the administration of bisphosphonates therapy at bone metastasises in patients with malignant neoplasms and myelomatosis. The clinical picture is characterized by protracted disease course with frequent relapses. At X-ray examination the lack of sequesters with an accurate demarcation zone is characteristic. Conclusions. Prevalence of drug-related osteonecrosis is increasing due to widespread use of drugs called Zoledronic acid in patients with cancer. Detailed history taking on the outpatient reception hours plays the leading role at osteonecrosis diagnostics. Chemotherapy as well as continuing of designer drugs taking promotes progressing of osteonecrosis of a jaw and its relapses in spite of the treatment. Relapses nascency is the reason for rehospitalizations.
The choise of an extraoral implant with a total facial defect
Authors: Сельский Натан , Sel'skiy Natan , Коротик Илья , Korotik Il'ya
Published: December 2017

Subject. Despite upgrading of methods of surgical recovery of total face defects it’s hard to achieve esthetic results. Thanks to implementation of extra-oral implants and production of individual silicone prostheses of external ear, orbit, nose and their compilations it became possible to achieve high esthetic results and firm prosthesis fixation. In the article there is an algorithm showing the choices of extra-oral implants at total face defects keeping in mind the origin of the defect (innate, acquired posttraumatic, postresection) local beam-therapy, which is carried out during the illness and the expected lifetime of the patient. The goal of the research is working out an algorithm of application various implants for innate or acquired total face defects. Methodology. The experience of various extra-oral implants that were used for 50 patients with total defects of external ear, orbit, nose and compilation of those defects was analyzed. Results. The analysis showed that with beamed orbit (total radiation dose higher than 46gr) the implant’s success was 92.5%(25 implants). 2 times implants did not receive osseointegration and during the step of placing the healing cap were removed. With patients with the defect of external ear the frequency of successful osseointegration was 96.2%. 2 times due to cicatricial deformity of skin and periosteal coverage in the zone of defect acquired during thermic burn implants were not integrated. 1 time during the application of covered osseofixated magnet implant in orbit of a 10 year old child a decubital gangrene was formed. Conclusions. Application of extra-oral implants of various types for total face defects proved to its clinical efficiency by differentiated approach considering individual anatomical conditions, cause of the defect and the expected lifetime of the patient.
MODERN KNOWLEDGE AND CLINICAL PERSPECTIVES OF USE FOR POSITIONING DENTAL IMPLANTS OF SURGICAL TEMPLATES. LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Нерсесян Петрос , Nersesyan Petros , Жолудев Сергей , Zholudev Sergey
Published: December 2017

Subject. Since the mid-20th century, there has been an increase of interest in implantation for the treatment of partial and complete loss of teeth. P. I. Branemark was one of the first pioneers who developed an implant that forms osseointegration. Anatomical restrictions and restorative requirements prompt the implantologist to achieve the accuracy of planning and surgical positioning of dental implants. The ideal placement of the implant facilitates the creation of favorable forces on implants and prosthetic structures, and also provides an aesthetic result. Therefore, it is advisable to establish a logical continuity between the planned restoration and the surgical stages, it is important to use the transmitting device, which undoubtedly increases the effectiveness of the implantation. In 1987, M. J. Edge et al. recommended the use of surgical guides before the implantation operation. Currently, surgical templates have become increasingly used. The article presents data on the features of planning of implant placement and the technology of applying a surgical template for positioning the dental implant unit. Goal. To show the value of using surgical templates for the rational installation of dental implants and preventing possible errors and complications. Methodology. A search for literature using search engines such as Google, Yahoo and scientific bibliographic databases such as PubMed, Medline and textbooks was conducted until September 2017 using medical thematic headings like «Dental Implants», «Surgical Templates». More than 300 sources of literature were identified, after studying which they reduced to 28 sources of articles and literary reviews. Conclusions. The study of available to us literature, revealed the advantages and disadvantages of using surgical templates. The main advantages: precise placement of implants, preservation of anatomical structures; three-dimensional technology allows to accurately estimate anatomical points, such as the size of the maxillary sinus in the upper jaw and the location of the alveolar nerve in the lower jaw, high observable accuracy of 0.1 mm, reduction of the time of surgical intervention. Disadvantages: lack of visibility and tactile control during the surgical procedure, insufficient opening of the mouth jeopardizes the result of complex treatment, there is a risk of damage to vital anatomical structures.
¿Cómo transformar ejercicios tradicionales de libros en experiencias comunicativas?
Authors: Guillén Jiménez Luis Diego
Published: December 2017

Las perspectivas modernas en la enseñanza de segundas lenguas apuntan a un sistemaen el que la comunicación es más importante que el conocimiento metalingüístico (Cirockiy Widodo, 2012). Por años, las investigaciones sobre los enfoques comunicativos han demostrado que una enseñanza basada en competencias y habilidades comunicativas esmucho más efectiva para la adquisición de una segunda lengua o lengua extranjera encomparación con los métodos tradicionales (Nunan, 1989, 2004; Lee, 2000; Richards yRodgers, 2001; Ellis, 2003; Hernández, 2006). A pesar de esto, muchos textos usados porlos docentes ofrecen pocos ejercicios o prácticas con este enfoque. Esto obliga a los educadoresa dedicar tiempo y esfuerzo en buscar o diseñar materiales alternativos al librode texto, mientras este se desaprovecha. Este artículo propone un proceso creativo paraadaptar los ejercicios de los libros de texto y transformarlos en tareas comunicativas (Ellis,2009). Para ello, se parte de algunos principios del Aprendizaje por Tareas (Ellis, 2003; Willis& Willis, 2012) y se presenta un ejemplo concreto del método aplicado en un ejercicio tradicional.Dado que este es un ejercicio de creatividad (Xerri y Vassallo, 2016), no se pretendeofrecer tipologías de tareas, sino pasos en el proceso de transformación que surgen de laexperiencia del autor y de los principios del enfoque de Aprendizaje por Tareas.
Las empresas de servicios en América Latina: Un estudio exploratorio sobre factores de competitividad internacional, obstáculos y políticas públicas. (Service companies in Latin America: an exploratory study about determinants of international competitiveness, obstacles and public policies).
Authors: López Andrés , Niembro Andrés , Ramos Daniela
Published: December 2017

RESUMEN

 Desde hace tiempo los servicios son un sector dominante en la economía global, puesto que dan cuenta de la mayor parte del producto interno bruto y el empleo, tanto en las economías desarrolladas como en buena parte del mundo en desarrollo. En los últimos años, a su vez, los servicios han incrementado su peso tanto en el comercio internacional como en los flujos de inversiones externas. Si bien las empresas latinoamericanas han comenzado a participar activamente de esta nueva dinámica global y varios de los países de la región muestran un dinamismo apreciable en sus exportaciones de servicios, todavía hay importantes espacios de mejora para profundizar estas tendencias y escalar posiciones.

El presente trabajo se basa en una encuesta a empresas de servicios de América Latina en la que se indagó acerca de la visión de las propias firmas respecto a los obstáculos para el comercio de servicios, así como sobre la cobertura e impacto de las políticas públicas existentes en los países de la región que influyen sobre dicho comercio. De aquí pueden derivarse algunos lineamientos de política útiles para promover el desarrollo de las exportaciones de servicios en Latinoamérica.

 

ABSTRACT

 Services have long been a dominant sector in the global economy, since they account for the bulk of gross domestic product and employment, both in developed economies and in much of the developing world. In recent years, in turn, services have increased their weight in both international trade and external investment flows. Although Latin American companies have begun to actively participate in this new global dynamic and several countries of the region show a significant dynamism in their services exports, there are still important spaces to deepen these trends and scale positions. The present work is based on a survey of service companies in Latin America in which they were inquired about their own views about obstacles to trade in services, as well as on the coverage and impact of public policies in force that influence this trade. From this, some useful policy guidelines can be derived to promote the development of services exports in Latin America.

 
Desarrollo De Un Sistema Integrado De Gestión Para Micro, Pequeñas Y Medianas Empresas A Partir De La Norma Inte 01-01-09:2013. Development of an integrated management system for micro, small and medium enterprises based on the standard INTE 01-01-09: 2013.
Authors: Arce Brenes José Antonio , Méndez Arias Arturo , Villegas Sánchez Elizabeth
Published: December 2017

Resumen

Esta investigación propone un sistema integrado de gestión para las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas, el cual se estructura a partir de los requerimientos de la normativa INTE 01-01-09:2013. El objetivo de este instrumento es que estas empresas mejoren sus prácticas organizacionales mediante la estandarización y unificación de sus procesos, lo cual les facilite su documentación y el establecimiento de controles internos. El instrumento se diseñó y validó con la colaboración de empresas que estaban desarrollando prácticas de mejora continua. Se llegó a la conclusión de que la propuesta es manejable y guía al empresario para la autogestión y el monitoreo de las actividades de la organización, siempre y cuando la institución destine el tiempo y recursos necesarios para su consecución, ya que representa un compromiso en el largo plazo que requiere de esfuerzos recurrentes.

 

Abstract

An integrated management system for micro, small and medium enterprises is proposed, based on the requirements of the standard INTE 01-01-09:2013. The purpose of this instrument is the improvement of the companies’ organizational practices through the standardization and unification of processes, in order to facilitate their documentation, and the establishment of internal controls. The design and validation of this instrument was possible with the collaboration of companies that have developed continuous improvement practices. It was concluded that the proposal is manageable, and that it leads the entrepreneur to self-management and to monitor the activities of the organization. On the other hand, the organizations must provide the time and resources needed to achieve these goals, as they represent a long-term commitment that requires recurring effort.
Aprendizaje colaborativo mediante estudio de caso y juego de roles en el curso análisis de las finanzas de la Escuela de Administración de Negocios en la Universidad de Costa Rica. Learning collaborative by means of a case study and role-play applied in the course finance analysis, Business School, Universidad de Costa Rica.
Authors: Mora Eduardo Sosa
Published: December 2017

Resumen

En este artículo se exponen los resultados obtenidos de la implementación de una estrategia didáctica de aprendizaje colaborativo mediante el estudio de caso y el juego de roles aplicados en el curso de Análisis de las Finanzas y Presupuestos de la Escuela de Administración de Negocios de la Universidad de Costa Rica. La implementación de esta estrategia tuvo como propósito que los estudiantes jugaran un papel activo en la construcción de sus aprendizajes siguiendo el enfoque de aprendizaje significativo, así como hacer más dinámica la enseñanza por medio de la aplicación de técnicas didácticas y la realización de actividades que involucraran a los estudiantes como agentes activos en la construcción de sus conocimientos. Los resultados de la aplicación de la estrategia permiten concluir que el aprendizaje colaborativo, el estudio de caso y el juego de roles puede facilitar la construcción de sus aprendizajes a partir de la identificación y solución de un problema, mediante la aplicación creativa de los conocimientos teóricos adquiridos durante el curso. 

 

Abstract

This article presents the results of a teaching strategy applied during the Finance Analysis course, at the Business Administration School at the Universidad de Costa Rica. The strategy was a collaborative learning through a case study and role-play. The purpose of this strategy was that the students played an active role in the construction of the learning process, following the approach of the significant learning and make it a more dynamic teaching, through the application of teaching techniques, and conducting activities that involve students as active agents in building their own knowledge. As a conclusion, the collaborative learning, the case study and the role-play, can facilitate the learning process by the identification and solution of a problem through the creative application of the theoretical knowledge acquired during the course by the students.acilitate the work of the audit team during the professional practice.
Exploring the “Obesity Paradox” as a Correlate of Cognitive and Physical Function in Community-Dwelling Black and White Older Adults
Authors: Skinner Jeannine S. , Abel Willie Mae , McCoy Katryna , Wilkins Conseulo H.
Published: December 2017

Objective: The obesity paradox has been documented in aged populations, yet it remains unclear if this paradox persists for physical and cognitive outcomes in community- dwelling older adult populations. Our study examines associations between body mass index (BMI) classification, cognitive function, and physical function. We also investigate whether these associations are modified by race or age. 

Design: Cross-sectional study. 

Settings: Senior residential sites and community centers in Saint Louis, Missouri. 

Participants: Study participants included 331 adults, aged >55 years. Age was stratified into young-old (aged 55-74 years) and older (aged ≥75 years). 

Outcome Measures: Physical function was measured using the mini-Physical Performance Test (mini-PPT) and grip strength. Cognitive function was assessed with the Short Blessed Test (SBT) and the Trail Making Tests (TMT-A and TMT-B) performance. 

Results: Older adults who were obese had significantly better cognitive flexibility (TMTB) performance than normal weight older adults (P=.02), and this association was not influenced by age or race. Adiposity was not associated with psychomotor speed (TMTA), general cognition (SBT), or measures of physical function (Ps>.05). 

Conclusion: In a diverse sample of community-dwelling older adults, we found partial support for the controversial obesity paradox. Our results suggest excess adiposity may be protective for executive function processes. Future research is needed to examine the underlying physiological processes linking adiposity to executive function in older adults.

Ethn Dis. 2017;27(4):387-394; doi:10.18865/ed.27.4.387. 
A Racial Comparison of Differences between Self-Reported and Objectively Measured Physical Activity among US Adults with Diabetes
Authors: Bazargan-Hejazi Shahrzad , Arroyo Jeffrey S. , Hsia Stanley , Brojeni Neda Rouhi , Pan Deyu
Published: December 2017

Objective: To investigate: 1) the racial/ethnic disparities in meeting the recommended physical activity as measured by subjective vs objective measures in a national sample of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus; and 2) the racial/ethnic differences with respect to the magnitude of the discrepancy between self-reported and objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic physical activity (MVPA). 

Methods: We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-06 to calculate and compare the percentage of individuals with diabetes who achieved the recommended levels of physical activity as measured by subjective self-report (500 metabolic equivalents (MET)-minutes/week) and objective accelerometer measurement (150 minutes per week of MVPA) across racial/ ethnic groups. 

Results: 71.2%, 15.7%, and 13.1% of participants were White, African American, and Hispanic, respectively. Based on self-report, 67.1%, 39.2%, and 55.1% of Whites, African Americans, and Hispanics, respectively, met the 500 MET-minutes/week threshold of physical activity (P<.0001). Objective measurement by accelerometer showed that 44.2%, 42.6%, and 65.1% of Whites, African Americans, and Hispanics, respectively, met the threshold (P<.0003). 

Conclusions: Many individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus did not meet the recommended physical activity thresholds. African Americans had the lowest proportion of meeting both the self-reported and objectively measured thresholds. White patients with diabetes overestimated frequency of their physical activity, while their Hispanic counterparts significantly underestimated it. Also, the gap between the two measures of MVPA was largest among Hispanics.

Ethn Dis. 2017;27(4):403-410; doi:10.18865/ ed.27.4.403. 
“They have said that I was slightly depressed but there are circumstances that bring that on”: How Middle-Aged and Older African American Men Describe Depression
Authors: Cornish Emily K. , Bergner Erin M. , Griffith Derek M.
Published: December 2017

Objective: Few studies have focused on how men perceive stress and depression, and even fewer have examined how men of a specific racial or ethnic group describe their experiences of these conditions. African American men tend to define health in ways that are inclusive of their physical health, health behaviors, and mental health, but research has largely failed to explore how men put their health and mental health in social contexts. The objective of this article is to explore how middle-aged and older African American men who self-identify as having depression: 1) differentiate stress from depression; and 2) describe depression. 

Design: Using data from semi-structured, individual interviews conducted between March and April 2014, we used a phenomenological approach to examine how men describe, experience, and perceive stress and depression. 

Setting: Nashville, Tennessee. 

Participants: 18 African American men aged 35-76 years who self-reported a previous or current diagnosis of depression. 

Results: Men talked about the experiences of stress and how many of them viewed chronic stress as expected and depression as a normal part of life. They used phrases like being “slightly depressed” or “I take a light antidepressant” to describe how they feel and what they are doing to feel better. Within these narratives, men had difficulty distinguishing between stress and depression and they primarily explained that depression was the result of external stressors and strains. 

Conclusions: Men may have difficulty distinguishing between stress and depression and they may frame the causes of depression in ways that decrease their perceived culpability for its causes and limit their perceived control over the causes of depression.

Ethn Dis. 2017;27(4):437-442; doi:10.18865/ ed.27.4.437 
Countering Modern Terrorism: Military and other Options
Authors: Ejime Raphael
Published: December 2017

Terrorism has been part of human development dating back to the era of the struggles for independence and liberation but still defy attempts at an accepted definition. Hence, it has become increasingly necessary for governments to tackle this menace by whichever counter-terrorism measures possible. However, one pivotal means is the use of military force introduced by the then President of the United States, George W. Bush through his “War on Terror” speech on September 20, 2001. This paper tries to assess the pros and cons of this measure and other counterterrorism strategies.
Effect of Counseling/Modeling on Behaviour Modification of Juvenile Delinquents in Eldoret and Kakamega Rehabilitation Centres
Authors: Nguku W Catherine , Chege Kimani , Odera Peter , J Ndaita
Published: December 2017

There is a growing concern with the growth and prevalence of Juvenile delinquents (JD) in rehabilitation centres in Kenya. Juvenile delinquency has become an intricate social problem that significantly influences all members and processes of a social structure. In January 2016, Eldoret Juvenile Remand Home alone had 155 juveniles which is its full capacity. It is against this background that this study examined psychotherapeutic interventions in behaviour modification of JD and recommended measures that would increase the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions in rehabilitation centers of JDs in Kenya. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of counseling on behaviour modification of JD in Eldoret and Kakamega rehabs. The area of study was Eldoret and Kakamega rehabs. The study adopted Merton Functional Theory of Juvenile Delinquency as the theoretical framework. The study adopted the descriptive and explanatory research survey designs. The target population was comprised of delinquents in Kakamega and Eldoret Rehabs, administrators, trainers and counselors in the rehabs and probation officers. A sample size of 149 respondents comprising of 127 JD, 13 trainers, 5 probation officers, 2 counselors and 2 administrators of the Eldoret and Kakamega rehabs participated in the study. Saturated sampling catered for the delinquents, probation officers, rehab administrators and trainers. Research instruments that were used in this study included questionnaires, interview schedule and document analysis. A Pilot study was carried out to ascertain validity and reliability of the instruments and a reliability coefficient of 0.7 was deemed acceptable. Descriptive statistical tools and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Study findings showed that counseling had a significant effect on behaviour modification. This implies that counseling is an important tool in bringing discipline among juvenile delinquents and for overall rehabilitation programmes which can enhance behaviour modification. There is therefore need for psychotherapeutic intervention at both individual and group level for delinquents so that they can change their behaviour.
Effectiveness of Cognitive Restructuring in the Management of Mathophobia Among Secondary School Students in Khana L.G.A of Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Ijeoma Regina Ernest-Ehibudu , Augustine Lezorgia Wayii
Published: December 2017

This study was developed and conducted to test the effect of cognitive restructuring in the management of mathophobia (that is, Mathematics anxiety) among secondary school students in Khana Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. To guide the study, two research questions and two null hypotheses were formulated for testing at 0.05 level of significance. In executing the study, the pre-test, post-test, and control group experimental research design was adopted using a randomized sample of 120 SS2 students drawn from three public secondary schools only. The researchers developed an instrument titled “Mathematics Diagnostic Questionnaire” (MDQ) which was adequately assessed for validity and reliability and was used in collecting pre-test and post-test data for the cognitive restructuring and control groups. Data analysis was done using mean, and standard deviation for the research questions, while independent sample and paired sample t-test were used for the hypotheses. The result obtained showed that the cognitive restructuring was significantly effective in the management of mathophobia among secondary school students. There is a slight reduction in the effect of cognitive restructuring during follow-up; there is a statistical significant difference in the mathophobic level of students treated with cognitive restructuring and those in the control group. Based on the major findings, recommendations were made among which is that functional guidance and counselling centers be established at all educational levels and be manned by professional counsellors who are competent in cognitive restructuring techniques to assist those who have mathophobia and other maladaptive behaviours. Suggestions for further study were made.
Effects of Meditation Technique on Test Anxiety Among Secondary School Students in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Nwokolo Chinyelu , Blessing Mokwelu Obianuju , Eva Eneasator Uche
Published: December 2017

Test anxiety constitutes a serious academic impediment to lots of students in schools. This study investigated the Effects of Meditation technique on test anxiety among secondary school students in Anambra State, Nigeria. Two research questions guided the study and two null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Quasi-experimental research was adopted in carrying out the study. A sample size of 101 adolescents was chosen from a population of 475 adolescents in SS2 with test anxiety. The sample was derived from two schools selected using purposive sampling technique based on the number of students that scored high on Test Anxiety Inventory. Data relating to research questions were analysed using statistical Mean while data relating to hypothesis was analysed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Findings from the study revealed among others that though the reduction of secondary school students’ test anxiety after meditation technique differed significantly with that of the conventional counselling group, meditation technique was not effective on secondary school students’ test anxiety. It further revealed that meditation technique reduced the secondary school students’ test anxiety. Based on the findings, implications of the study were noted and recommendations made that since the technique meditation was found not to be effective, but significantly reduced the test anxiety of the participants, the technique should not be used alone by the guidance counsellors in helping clients, especially students in overcoming their test anxiety in schools.
Mesa de debates: “Repensando o acesso à Justiça: velhos problemas, novos desafios”
Authors: Ferraz Leslie Shérida , Gabbay Daniela Monteiro , Economides Kim , Almeida Frederico , Asperti Maria Cecília de Araújo , Chasin Ana Carolina , Da Costa Susana Henriques , Cunha Luciana Gross , Lauris Élida , Takahashi Bruno
Published: December 2017

A proposta do evento “Repensando o acesso à Justiça: velhos problemas, novos desafios” – realizado em 30 de maio de 2017 na FGV DIREITO SP, que envolveu estudiosos do Direito, Ciência Política e Sociologia – foi debater uma agenda de acesso à justiça que seja adequada ao Brasil de hoje e aos seus reais problemas. Detectando a exaustiva e acrítica repetição do conceito de acesso à Justiça e das ondas renovatórias em nosso país, seu objetivo foi contestar o modelo proposto por Cappelletti e Garth, questionando se mencionadas ondas fariam sentido entre nós, já que o welfare state, premissa do seu modelo universalista de acesso à Justiça, jamais foi efetivamente implantado no Brasil. O artigo traz a transcrição integral do evento revista pelos seus autores.
Bazinga! Consumo e performance sobre The Big Bang Theory no Filmow
Authors: Montardo Sandra Portella , Silva Thaís Della Tôrres da
Published: December 2017

Este artigo visa identificar consumo como performance da sitcom The Big Bang Theory no Filmow, site de rede social temático para aficionados por filmes e séries. Para tanto, o referencial teórico aborda, de modo articulado, as relações entre consumo digital, performance e sites de redes sociais temáticos, categorias de análise selecionadas para este estudo. Quanto à metodologia, essa pesquisa consiste em um nível de pesquisa exploratório, via levantamento bibliográfico, documental e aplicação de questionários junto aos usuários. A partir da análise de 698 comentários de usuários da página da sitcom, percebeu-se que, ao contrário do que se observa em sites de redes sociais generalistas, no Filmow, a estrutura do portal parece assegurar alocação de capital social de segundo nível (confiança no ambiente social e institucional), ao invés dos tipos de capital social de primeiro nível (cognitivo, relacional e normativo), que, nesse caso, advém das interações entre os usuários.
The The absence of legal recognition and its impact on the living conditions of urban Pakistani refugees in Bangkok
Authors: Kulvmann Jesper
Published: December 2017

Recently, an increasing number of refugees originating from non-neighbouring countries have arrived in Bangkok seeking asylum at UNHCR. As Thailand does not recognize their refugee status and by so their human rights guaranteed in the Declarations of Human Rights, this group of people, referred to as urban refugees, remain in Bangkok illegally during the application process and until possible resettlement. This study examines how restrictions of their human rights, such as absent of fear of arrest, right to work, access to proper housing, education and health provisions, and a prolonged application process affect the physical and mental health of urban refugees. Data are gathered from semi-structured interviews of 53 Pakistani refugees and officers at organisations working with refugees. Depression and declining physical health are common complains while refugee children fail to enrol in formal education. Considering the lack of support for a human rights dialogue in the Thai society it is recommended that a more pragmatic approach, not employing a human rights narrative, is applied to promote the living conditions for urban refugees living in Bangkok.
Symbolic Violence in Indonesian Society
Authors: Sarhindi Irfan Latifulloh
Published: December 2017

Islam is by far the largest religion in Indonesia, and given the size of Indonesia’s population and the massive percentage of which follow identify as Muslim, Indonesia becomes the biggest Muslim majority country. In the light of this reality, Islam becomes the society’s dominant role of conduct. As to be predicted in such system, a social hierarchy has developed in which Indonesian Muslims enjoy the most privileges. Such a situation has created a fertile ground for the possible use of what Pierre Bourdieu’s call ‘symbolic violence’. As a consequence, there is a tendency for the minor group of Indonesian people to be marginalized. Sadly, this seems to be exacerbated by the rise of Islamic conservativism and radicalisation in post-1998 Indonesia. That says, their lack of capability in recognizing minority’s rights often leads to religious intolerance. Considerably, as to solve such a situation, widening perspective as well as strengthening inter-group and inter-religion dialogue is required.
Corporate Governance Issues regarding Transfer Pricing Taxation: Evidence in Japan
Authors: Ohnuma Hiroshi , Sakurada Joe
Published: December 2017

This study focuses on a transfer pricing taxation (TPT) action as one of corporate governance issues. TPT is a tool for preventing the manipulation of transfer pricing. We investigate which factors affect corporate valuation, using a sample of Japanese companies to which TPT was unintentionally applied. With this regard, we put emphasis on the role of corporate governance for the preparation against a risk event. In addition, we attempt to determine what kinds of corporate governance structure are most likely to prepare for an unexpected TPT inspection. As a result of our examination, we find that the association of the directors’ shareholding ratio (DIR) with the cumulative abnormal rate of return (CAR) is statistically significant. We also find that this relation has both a hump and a negative hump, which implies that it is a cubic function. Based on these results, we conclude that a DIR of about 5% is the optimum ratio for a firm facing an emergency situation, and this shows some implications about what kinds of corporate governance structure.
Subterranean Karst Environments as a Global Sink for Atmospheric Methane
Authors: Webster Kevin D. , Drobniak Agnieszka , Etiope Giuseppe , Mastalerz Maria , Sauer Peter E. , Schimmelmann Arndt
Published: December 2017

The air in subterranean karst cavities is often depleted in methane (CH4) relative to the atmosphere. Karst is considered a potential sink for the atmospheric greenhouse gas CH4 because its subsurface drainage networks and solution-enlarged fractures facilitate atmospheric exchange. Karst landscapes cover about 14% of earth’s continental surface, but observations of CH4 concentrations in cave air are limited to localized studies in Gibraltar, Spain, Indiana (USA), Vietnam, Australia, and by incomplete isotopic data. To test if karst is acting as a global CH4 sink, we measured the CH4 concentrations, δ13CCH4, and δ2HCH4 values of cave air from 33 caves in the USA and three caves in New Zealand. We also measured CO2 concentrations, δ13CCO2, and radon (Rn) concentrations to support CH4 data interpretation by assessing cave air residence times and mixing processes. Among these caves, 35 exhibited subatmospheric CH4 concentrations in at least one location compared to their local atmospheric backgrounds. CH4 concentrations, δ13CCH4, and δ2HCH4 values suggest that microbial methanotrophy within caves is the primary CH4 consumption mechanism. Only 5 locations from 3 caves showed elevated CH4 concentrations compared to the atmospheric background and could be ascribed to local CH4 sources from sewage and outgassing swamp water. Several associated δ13CCH4 and δ2HCH4 values point to carbonate reduction and acetate fermentation as biochemical pathways of limited methanogenesis in karst environments and suggest that these pathways occur in the environment over large spatial scales. Our data show that karst environments function as a global CH4 sink.
Refractive Index Sensor Based on Metal–Insulator–Metal Waveguide Coupled with Symmetric Structure
Authors: Yan Shubin , Zhang Meng , Zhao Xuefeng , Zhang Yanjun , Wang Jicheng , Jin Wen
Published: December 2017

In this study, we design a new refractive index sensor based on a metal–insulator–metal waveguide coupled with a notched ring and vertical rectangular resonators. We use the finite element method to study the propagation characteristics of the sensor. According to the calculation results, the transmission spectrum exhibits a typical Fano resonance shape. The phenomenon of Fano resonance is caused by the coupling between the wide spectrum and narrow spectrum. In the design, the wide spectrum signal is generated by the vertical rectangular resonator, while the narrow spectrum signal is generated by the notched ring resonator. In addition, we varied the structural parameters of the resonators and filled the structure with media of different refractive indices to study the sensing properties. The maximum achieved sensitivity of the sensor reached 1071.4 nm/RIU. The results reveal potential applications of the coupled system in the field of sensors.
Oil revenues, External debt, and Growth in Nigeria
Authors: Adamu Ibrahim Mohammed
Published: December 2017

Oil revenues and external debt might have stimulated economic growth in the oil exporting countries via investment in capital projects. The paper estimated economic growth on oil revenues and external debt after controlling public investment and population growth over the period 1970-2015. Following the confirmation of the order of integration, our analysis is based on autoregressive distributed lag bound testing to cointegration approach. The key findings are that oil revenues and public investment contributes to Nigeria’s economic growth. However, our findings also indicate that external debt and population growth retards growth. The study suggests that minimizing fiscal deficits and unnecessarily foreign loans by creating tax avenues through the development of the non-oil sectors would reduce the dependency syndrome on a single commodity (oil) in Nigeria.  
Acreditação hospitalar: uma complementaridade proveitosa para a gestão da produção
Authors: Berto Andreia Maria , Osmari Uhlmann Vivian , Erdmann Rolf Hermann , Rocha Kawase Patrícia
Published: December 2017

O objetivo do presente estudo é propor uma sistemática que forneça diagnósticos para organizações hospitalares, que não apresentam condições financeiras de buscar por um processo de Acreditação Hospitalar, mas que almejam qualidade e melhoria contínua na prestação dos seus serviços. A pesquisa bibliográfica subsidiou o trabalho teórico de concepção do instrumento de avaliação, que tem por base o Modelo de Avaliação de Desempenho NIEPC (Núcleo Interdisciplinar de Estudos em Gestão da Produção e Custos) e é complementado por pontos de observação preconizados pelo Manual das Organizações Prestadoras de Serviços de Saúde da Organização Nacional de Acreditação - ONA. Os instrumentos da ONA e do NIEPC buscam a melhoria da instituição, seja por resultados que levem à qualidade, seja pela qualidade que leve a resultados positivos. Em se tratando de organizações complexas, como é o caso dos serviços de saúde, percebe-se que, apesar do instrumento do NIEPC, em sua configuração original, poder ser aplicado a qualquer tipo de organização, a sua complementaridade com alguns pontos fundamentais apontados pelo Manual da ONA poderá conferir um resultado mais eficiente e acurado nas aplicações em organizações do referido setor de atividade. Assim, entende-se que o resultado poderá gerar maior refinamento de dados para a elaboração dos planos de melhorias que seguem o diagnóstico, a partir da inclusão de maior referencial para obtenção de futuros processos interligados à Acreditação Hospitalar, caso este seja o foco, ou, ainda, para organizações que buscam qualidade sem se vincular a uma certificadora, podendo usar o resultado para garantir serviços assistenciais mais seguros.
Eficiência energética em uma edificação pública: uma análise das possibilidades
Authors: Nunes d'Albuquerque Marcos Alexandre , Moreira da Silva Ricardo , De Lourdes Barreto Gomes Maria
Published: December 2017

A recente crise hídrica com severos impactos na geração hidrelétrica - principal fonte da matriz energética nacional - e o agravamento da crise econômica requerem soluções eficientes para redução das despesas públicas com consumo de energia elétrica. Este artigo aborda tal questão com o objetivo geral de identificar as oportunidades de aumento de eficiência energética (EE) em uma edificação pública, tendo como objetivos específicos: mapear as perdas energéticas presentes; apontar as potencialidades de melhoria energética - levando-se em consideração os menores custos-benefícios na implantação das ações necessárias; e avaliar as dificuldades institucionais para execução das políticas públicas destinas a esse fim. O estudo de caso foi desenvolvido em uma instituição pública, por meio de uma pesquisa aplicada com abordagem quanti-qualitativa, utilizando como instrumentos: ferramentas para medição de parâmetros elétricos, análise documental, entrevista estruturada e observação direta. Os resultados do estudo indicam que os sistemas de iluminação e climatização são as maiores fontes consumidoras de energia na edificação e apontam as possibilidades potenciais de redução no consumo de energia elétrica no prédio caso.
A identificação e mitigação de riscos em projetos de cosmetologia na perspectiva da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária
Authors: Nascimento Souza Abreu Elaine , Bezerra Santos Betejane , Glória Júnior Irapuan
Published: December 2017

O crescente número de empresas no setor cosméticos e a demanda por novos produtos contribuem para novos projetos de produtos. As empresas devem incluir as definições da agência reguladora em seus projetos para evitarem multas ou atrasos, o que pode impactar diretamente o sucesso dos projetos. O presente estudo de natureza qualitativa, utilizou a metodologia bibliográfica exploratória. Os objetivos foram identificar os riscos de projetos encontrados nas empresas de cosméticos a partir dos registros da ANVISA, e propor mitigações dos riscos identificados à luz do PMBoK. Foram identificados oito riscos e sugeridas 13 mitigações. A contribuição da pesquisa é auxiliar os gestores a incluírem os riscos e mitigações apresentadas em seus projetos do setor de cosméticos.
Privacidade em Big Data: panorama e agenda de pesquisa
Authors: Rebello Silva Celina , Tavares Rodrigues Elaine Maria
Published: December 2017

Este artigo teve por objetivo mapear a produção acadêmica na área de privacidade em Big Data, para o domínio da Administração, levantando o estado da arte sobre o tema e algumas oportunidades de pesquisa oriundas dos gaps na literatura acadêmica. Privacidade é uma questão ainda em aberto e cada vez mais ameaçada por conta do efeito onipresente de dispositivos geradores de dados, como celulares, sensores e computadores, e de novas técnicas analíticas como Big Data. Foi realizado o levantamento bibliométrico extensivo da produção acadêmica sobre o tema nas principais bases de referência e análise de conteúdo aliada à mineração de textos, utilizando linguagem R. Os resultados apontaram não só áreas de concentração e temas de pesquisa mais abordados, mas também novas alternativas de pesquisa na área.
Variáveis correlacionadas com a produtividade de juízes da primeira instância da Justiça Estadual de Minas Gerais
Authors: De Oliveira Gomes Adalmir , Pio Fernandes Lopes Lucas , Zancan Claudio , Cavalcante de Lima Neto Manoel , Silva Costa Antonio Carlos , De Barros Dantas Anderson , Da Rocha Ataide João Antônio
Published: December 2017

Desempenho judicial é um tema complexo e de grande importância social, mas pouco estudado sob a lente da Administração Pública. O trabalho realizado pelos juízes é o elemento central do desempenho judicial e, portanto, identificar variáveis que influenciam o desempenho desses profissionais pode ampliar o conhecimento nessa área. Assim, o estudo teve como objetivo explicar o que influencia a produtividade de juízes estaduais da primeira instância no Brasil. Dados referentes ao desempenho de 581 juízes titulares da primeira instância da Justiça Estadual de Minas Gerais foram analisados com auxílio de técnicas estatísticas. Os resultados indicam que a quantidade de funcionários de suporte e a carga de trabalho estão correlacionadas positivamente com a produtividade de juízes. São apresentadas explicações para os resultados encontrados e discutidas implicações teóricas e práticas para a administração de tribunais no País.
Potential Nitrogen Losses in Relation to Spatially Distinct Soil Management History and Biochar Addition
Authors: Baechle Ben , Davis Adam S. , Pittelkow Cameron M.
Published: December 2017

Soil functional zone management strategies including ridge tillage have been shown to increase in‐row (IR) compared with between‐row (BR) soil nitrogen (N) availability due to the development of contrasting soil properties and carbon (C) and N cycling processes. However, potential N losses may also increase for IR positions, representing an environmental tradeoff. Although biochar has putative contributions to tightening N cycles, its effect within spatially distinct management zones has not been quantified. This study evaluated the potential for biochar to reduce soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and leachate nitrate (NO3−) concentrations as influenced by changes in soil properties after 5 yr of ridge tillage in a silty clay loam soil. Soil columns for IR and BR positions were treated with and without biochar at 10 Mg ha−1 in a 100‐d laboratory incubation (n = 4 replications). Results indicate that biochar increased average daily N2O emissions in IR by 30% but decreased them by 39% in BR. In both positions, biochar decreased NO3− concentrations in soil solution and leachate by 11 to 20% and 10 to 15%, respectively. Our findings suggest that long‐term changes in soil C and N cycling processes may increase the potential for N2O emissions in IR compared with BR positions. Although most biochar studies have not accounted for within‐field soil variability, our results indicate that biochar may differentially affect soil N2O emissions depending on spatially distinct soil management history. Findings from this laboratory study stress the need for field research evaluating spatial differences in biochar N2O mitigation potential.

Core Ideas

Ridge tillage and biochar effects on potential N losses assessed in soil column study.

N2O emissions increased for in‐row vs. between‐row positions, but not N leaching losses.

Biochar consistently decreased NO3− concentrations in soil solution and leachate.

Biochar decreased between‐row N2O emissions but increased in‐row emissions.

Field studies evaluating spatial variability of biochar N2O mitigation potential are needed.
The impact of oil price crisis on financial performance of commercial banks in Bahrain
Authors: Thonse Hawaldar Iqbal , Rohit Babitha , Pinto Prakash , T. M. Rajesha
Published: December 2017

Oil export is the major source of revenue for the countries in the Middle East. Their economies are sensitive to fluctuations in oil prices. The present study examines the impact of oil crisis on the performance of selected banks of Kingdom of Bahrain using profitability, efficiency, capital adequacy and liquidity ratios in the pre-crisis and crisis periods. The study reveals that there is no significant difference in the performance of banks in the pre-crisis and crisis period. The results indicate that there is a significant difference in the performance of conventional banks and Islamic banks in the pre-crisis period. However, there is no significant difference in the performance of conventional banks and Islamic banks during the crisis period.