bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advancing non-communicable diseases research in Ghana: key stakeholders’ recommendations from a symposium
Authors: Tindana Paulina , Ramsay Michèle , Klipstein-Grobusch Kerstin , Amoakoh-Coleman Mary
Published: September 2020

There has been a growing increase in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) globally with reports suggesting that the fastest increase in NCD deaths in the world will occur in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) over the next 5 to 15 years. Despite the projected increase in NCD-related deaths, there is little coordinated research in many West African nations, including Ghana, to quantify and study this burden and to translate the research findings into policy and practice. To address these challenges, the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research and the Navrongo Health Research Centre, both in Ghana, with support from the Wits NCD Research Leadership Training Program organized a two-day symposium to discuss the advancement of NCD research in the West African sub-region. The aim was to propose the way forward for strengthening applied research that can inform the development of health policies and programs focused on NCDs. Participants were drawn from academia, research and health institutions, early career researchers and postdoctoral fellows. We present the key themes that emerged from the symposium and some strategies for advancing NCD research in West Africa. These include interdisciplinary collaboration between NCD researchers in the region, generation of accurate data on disease burden and strengthening stakeholder and public engagement on NCDs.Keywords: non-communicable diseases, health research, collaboration, public engagement, networkFunding: Funding for the symposium was provided by NIH Fogarty International Center–Grant numberD43TW008330, under the Wits Non-Communicable Disease Research Leadership Training Program.
Dietary Diversity, Nutritional status and Academic performance of pupils in public primary schools in Port Harcourt Metropolis
Authors: Uzosike T.C.J. , Okeafor I. , Mezie-Okoye M.
Published: September 2020

Background: Poor nutrition can hinder pupils from achieving good educational performance at school. This study provides information on the dietary diversity and nutritional status of school-age children in Rivers State, and their relationship with academic performance.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted among pupils attending public primary schools, aged 6-11 years. Using a multi-stage sampling technique, data on dietary diversity was collected using a two-day 24-hour dietary recall tool adapted from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines for measuring household and individual dietary diversity. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric measures and educational performance was assessed using the end of term examination results for Mathematics and English language in the selected schools. Statistical analyses were performed at p level of 0.05.Results: The study had a total of 847 public primary school pupils, comprising of 441 (52.1%) males and 406 (47.9%) females The minimum and maximum dietary diversity score (DDS) obtained from the pupils were one and five, respectively with a mean DDS of 3.67 ± 0.71. The frequency of stunting, underweight and overweight among the pupils were 39.4%, 23.0% and 6.0% respectively. Dietary diversity was significantly associated with academic performance (p=0.001), with higher odds of poor academic performance in both English language and Mathematics reported among pupils with low DDS in comparison to those with normal DDS.Conclusion: Dietary diversity for primary school pupils should be promoted to achieve optimal academic performance amidst other benefits.

Keywords: Academic performance; Dietary diversity; Nutritional status; Pupils
Effects Of Calotropis procera Latex on Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in Albino Rats
Authors: Samuel K. , Sudi Y.I.
Published: September 2020

Calotropis procera is a wild-growing plant that belongs to the family Asclepiadaceae, commonly found in the tropical regions and is used in the treatment of diseases such as ulcer, inflammation, wound healing, etc. This confers to the increased use of medicinal plants as the major source of traditional medicine worldwide. This study is aimed at evaluating the toxicological effects of Calotropis procera latex on biochemical and hematological parameters in albino rats with a view to understanding the safety of the latex following systemic use. Fifteen (15) albino rats were divided into five groups of three rats each. Group one served as the control, group two received 0.05 ml of the latex solution per kg body weight of the rats , group three received 0.2 ml of the latex solution per kg body weight of the rats , group four received 0.4 ml of the latex solution per kg body weight of the rats , while group five received 0.6 ml of the latex solution per kg body weight of the rats for 14 days. Biochemical evaluations revealed a significant increase in the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (83.33 ± 1.76c) and total bilirubin (6.27 ± 4.44b) and a progressive decrease in albumin (3.93 ± 0.04a) with increased concentration of the latex. There was no significant change in the levels of alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase in all the treated groups. Hematological analyses revealed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in packed cell volume (31.33 ± 1.76a), hemoglobin (10.43 ± 0.59a), red blood cell count (3.90 ± 0.06a) and total white blood cell count (4.10 ± 0.15a) in all the treated groups compared to the control. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that Calotropis procera latex is relatively toxic as observed in the blood and biochemical parameters related to liver function. Hence, it is recommended that caution should be taken in its use for the treatments of diseases such as wound healing as exposure to the circulatory system can cause vulnerability to its toxic effects.

Keywords: Albino rats, Toxicity, Calotropis procera, latex, biochemical, hematological parameters
FAMEs Profile of Oil Produced by Oleaginous Fungi Isolated from Fermented Beverage Wastewaters and Soil
Authors: Nsa I.Y. , Adeloye G.B. , Odunsi A.A. , Akinyemi B.T. , Tubonemi J.T. , Saliu M.O. , Adepoju J.P.
Published: September 2020

Fungal strains isolated from fermented maize (ogi) (PW) and sorghum-based brewery wastewaters (BW) and two soil isolates were evaluated for oleaginicity. The fungal isolates from the wastewater that had lipid content of at least 20% of their biomass were identified by both culture methods and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1-5.8S-ITS2 ribosomal DNA sequencing. The isolates were identified to be Aspergillus fumigatus (PW8), Aspergillus flavus (PW10), Candida tropicalis (PW16) and Aspergillus tubingensis (PW3), Trichosporon luoberi (BW7), Aspergillus sp. (BW4) and Candida tropicalis (BW1; BW3). FAMEs composition was determined for the four strains with the highest lipid content by acid-catalyzed transesterification and analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). Palmitoleic acid was the dominant fatty acid in M. circinelloides and T. reesei, and the best producers of capric and lauric acids were Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus sp. (BW4), respectively. These fatty acids are beneficial in making cosmetics and pharmaceuticals (antimicrobials and dietary supplements). The analysis of the FAMEs profile in the species indicated low amounts or absence of some key long chain fatty acid (LCFA) constituents of biodiesels. Based on the FAMEs profile of M. circinelloides investigated, this strain could hold promise for use as feedstock for biodiesel with genetic engineering and a tailored lipid production favouring enrichment of LCFA.

Keywords: Fungal lipids, wastewater, fatty acid methyl ester, GC-FID
Effects of different media strengths and hormone concentrations on in-vitro regeneration of Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn
Authors: Afolabi J.O. , Olorode E.M. , Olomola D.B. , Fasakin Y.O. , Adekunle E.A
Published: September 2020

The importance of Vitellaria paradoxa has necessitated its inclusion in the ongoing afforestation project which requires mass production of its seedlings. The shea-butter tree produces oil-rich seeds that are important to cosmetic and food and nutrition industries. It is a deciduous tree which could survive in the dry-savannah and help withstand desert encroachment. However, overexploitation of its timber for firewood and charcoal production made it vulnerable. In-vitro propagation of this species could be a viable means towards its mass propagation. Two plant-hormones: Gibberellic Acid (GA3) and Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) were used to grow the plant in different combinations making up six treatments (A-F) with 6 replicates in each group. The combinations include 1.5/0, 1.5/1.0, 1.5/1.5, 2.0/0, 2.0/1.0, 2.0/1.5 mg/L of GA3/BAP, which were used to grow 2cm nodal cuttings of the V. paradoxa on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) media. Treatment F (with 2.0/1.5 mg/L GA3/BAP) produced the highest number of leaves (2.4 ± 0.6, 3.2 ± 0.8) and longest shoot length (1.1 ± 0.3 cm, 1.4 ± 0.5 cm) at 4 and 8 Weeks After Inoculation (WAI), respectively. The results of this study showed that application of growth- enhancing hormones for the regeneration of important tree species could provide means for their mass propagation so as to meet the need for afforestation projects.

Keywords: Vitellaria paradoxa, Afforestation, In-vitro propagation, Mass propagation.
Effects Of Different Sterilization Regimes & Growth Regulators On Micropropagation Of Female Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)
Authors: Emoghene B.O. , Idu M. , Eke C.R. , Asemota O.
Published: September 2020

The success of in vitro culture techniques is always hampered by microbial contamination. The present study was carried out to develop an efficient protocol for date palm explants sterilization for successful somatic embryos induction and plantlets formation of some date palm varieties. The shoot tips were treated with different sterilizing agents at different concentrations and durations of exposure. The use of ethanol (70%), sodium hypochlorite (3.5% & 70%) and mercuric chloride (0.2%) with or without addition of Tween-20 had different effects on decontamination of the date palm explants. The percentage of explants contaminated with bacteria for sterilants 1, 2 and 4 was 18.8%, 6.3% and 6.3% respectively while 25%, 37.5%, 31.25% and 6.25% were contaminated with fungi for sterilants 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Under the conditions used, a combination of antioxidants (Citric and Ascorbic acids at 100mg/l), 0.2% mercuric chloride and 3.5% sodium hypochlorite solution with 3 drops/100ml of Tween-20 helped in the reduction of chlorosis, contamination and die-back in the shoot tip explants. The explants were further cultured in appropriate media for callus initiation and subsequent somatic embryo induction. Optimal embryogenic callus was obtained from the shoot explant of sterilant number 4 which had the minimal contamination and die-back of all the cultures. After 3 subcultures, the somatic embryos formed were multiplied for shoot development. From this study, we established that the use of appropriate surface sterilant at suitable concentration and duration of exposure of date palm explant to it is indispensable for maximum responses of in vitro cultures.

Keywords: Date palm, Microbial contamination, Sterilizing agents, in vitro, Somatic embryos
Epidemiological Investigation, Serotypes and Distribution of Verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) in Raw Milk and Milk Products in Uyo, Nigeria
Authors: Akinjogunla O.J. , Akaka B.C. , Inyang C.U.
Published: September 2020

Food borne diseases are of great concern globally especially in the developing countries where poor sanitation is applied during collection and processing of milk from animals. The epidemiological investigation, serotypes and distribution of verocytotoxin (VTI and VT2)- producing Escherichia coli in raw milk and milk products were determined using structured questionnaire, Cefixime tellurite-sorbitol MacConkey agar, agglutination kits and VTEC-RPLA Toxin detection Kit. Out of 27 milkers, 7.4 % had primary education, 22.2 % washed the milk utensils with cold water and soap, 11.1 % washed their hands before milking, while 7.4 % milkers washed the udder of the animals before milking. All the yoghurts had the product names; 85.7 % had NAFDAC numbers; 80.0% had Batch Numbers, while 71.4 % had Manufacturer s’ Addresses. The unpasteurized milk samples had E. coli 0157 and non 0157 E. coli counts (CFU.ml-1) ranging from 4.0 x 102 to 1.7 x 103 and 6.0 x 102 to 2.0 x 103 , respectively, while E. coli 0157 and non 0157 E. coli counts of milk products were between 1.0 x 102 and 1.0 x 103 CFU.ml-1. E. coli 0157 had the highest percentage occurrence (38.3%), while E. coli 0145 had the lowest percentage occurrence (2.1%). More than 38.3% of the E. coli serotypes produced VT2, while ≥ 12.8% were VT1 producers. The occurrence of VTEC in the unpasteurized milk shows that the milkers should be enlightened on the necessary sanitary practices to adopt during milking and also post-pasteurization contamination of milk products should be avoided.

Key Words: Verotoxigenic, Escherichia coli, Milk, Yoghurt, Nono, Serotypes.
Body mass index and blood pressure correlate in nursery school children in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Tabansi P.N. , Onyemkpa K.C.
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Blood pressure (BP) is a vital indicator of health in  children and adults. The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and BP is  well established in children; and BMI has been shown to maintain an independent relationship with BP even after controlling for many other variables that characterize individuals. High BMI significantly increases the risk of hypertension. Epidemiological studies in various countries have been conducted to determine the relationship between BP and BMI in children; similar comparative studies are lacking in Nigeria, thus necessitating this study.Aim: To determine the relationship between BMI and BP in nursery pupils in Port Harcourt.Methods: Multi-staged sampling technique was used to select 710 nursery pupils from 13 schools. Biodata was obtained using a selfadministered(parent) questionnaire. Height and weight measurement were taken, and BMI calculated. BP was measured using a mercury sphygmomanometer; and relevant data analysis done.Result: There were 710 pupils 365 (51.4%) males and 345(48.6%) females. Mean systolic BP was 93.2 ± 10.6mmHg (70–130 mmHg); while mean  diastolic BP was 58.8 ± 8.0mmHg(40 – 88.7 mmHg). Mean BMI was 15.0 ± 1.8 kg/m2(9.1 - 25.5 kg/m2). There is a positive linear relationship betweensystolic and diastolic BP and BMI (correlation coefficient r = 0.03). Obese pupils had significantly higher BP rates (25%) (X2= 15.35, p =0.002). BMI and height were significant predictors of diastolic BP (p<0.001).Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between BMI and BP; and high BMI is an important predictor of high BP in nursery pupils in Nigeria.
Keywords: Blood Pressure, BMI, Nursery pupils, Nigeria
Immunovirological treatment outcomes after 2 years of antiretroviral therapy in children living with the human immune deficiency virus in Lagos Nigeria
Authors: Nwaiwu O. , Akindele A.J. , Akanmu A.S. , Adeyemi O.O.
Published: September 2020

Background/objective: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends routine assessment of antiretroviral treatment outcomes to detect  treatment failure early and prevent the development of drug resistance. The aim of this study was to describe treatment outcomes of antiretroviral therapy (ART) over 2 years in children living with the human immune deficiency virus enrolled in the paediatric HIV clinic at the Lagos UniversityTeaching Hospital (LUTH).Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study of antiretroviral treatment outcomes in 278 children receiving antiretroviral therapy at the paediatric HIV clinic of LUTH. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were retrospectively collected from clinical records of pediatric patientswho received antiretroviral therapy for 2 years ( from November 2015 to December 2017) . Virological failure was defined as viral load > 400  copies/ml and immunological failure was defined as a CD4 count <100 cells/mm3 or CD4 % <15% after receiving antiretroviral agents for 12 months. Data was analysed using graph pad prism version 5.0.Results: After 12 months on antiretroviral therapy (ART), 101 (36%) had virological failure while 14 (5%) and 36 (13%) failed immunologically [CD4 count <100 cells/mn3 and CD4 <15% respectively]. Virological blips were observed at 24 months in 6.1% of patients while immunovirological discordance occurred in 30% of patients (poor virological clearance despite good immunological recovery) . High baseline viral load (>5000  copies/ml), poor adherence (<95%) and low baseline CD4 counts (101-249 cells/mn3) were significantly associated with virological failure, while low baseline CD4 counts (<350 cells/mn3) and poor adherence (<95%) were significantly associated with immunologic failure.Conclusion: The treatment outcomes observed in this study are similar to those reported in earlier studies. At 1 and 2 years of antiretroviral therapy , there was immune restoration however 101 (36%) and 87 (31%) respectively had virological failure despite good adherence to therapy and good Immunological restoration. This calls for early initiation and switch to second and third line drugs .
Key words: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), zidovudine, lamivudine, nevirapine, virological blips, immunovirological discordance , children, Nigeria.
Retrospective assessment of neonatal morbidity and mortality in the special care baby unit of a private health facility in Benue State, North Central Nigeria
Authors: Ochoga M.O. , Abah R.O. , Michael A. , Yaguo Ide L.E. , Onalo R. , Idoko A. , Idoko A. , Okolo S.N. , Onyemocho A.
Published: September 2020

Background: Newborn morbidity and mortality have remained unacceptably high in developing countries despite consistent efforts at controlling  the scourge. Unlike in developed countries where neonatal mortality rate ranges between 1 and 5 per 1000 live births, average neonatal mortality rate in Nigeria is 36 per 1000 live births. The majority of the causes of death are largely preventable with timely low cost interventions. This study was structured to determine the pattern of morbidity and mortality amongst babies admitted in the Special Care Baby Unit of Madonna hospital Makurdi, Nigeria.Methods: The records of neonates admitted into the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) over a tenyear period (2005-2015) were retrospectively reviewed. Information obtained included the sex, age at admission, gestational age, birth weight, reasons for admission and outcome of treatment.Results: A total of 1,121 babies were admitted during the period under review. The male female ratio was 1.2:1.The majority of the babies were aged between 2-7 days with a mean 6.17.+ 7.01 The mean weight on admission was 2807+907g. Neonatal sepsis, jaundice, low birth weight and birthasphyxia were the most common morbidities. The overall mortalityrate was 14.1%; however, proportionate mortality due to low birth weight was highest (26.4%), followed by tetanus (23.5%), asphyxia (20.8%), Respiratory tract infection (13.8%), meningitis (13.3%), sepsis (10.3%), jaundice (9.6%), and diarhoea (4.0%)Conclusion: Neonatal mortality rate in the study was high. The major causes of admission are preventable. Strengthening perinatal care, emergency obstetric care services and neonatal resuscitation skills are necessary to reduce the neonatal mortality.
Key words: Neonate, Morbidity, Mortality, Nigeria
Evaluation of three fast- and slow-growing chicken strains reared in two production environments
Authors: Ghayas A. , Hussain J. , Mahmud A. , Jaspal M.H.
Published: September 2020

The present study evaluated performance, physiological response and economics of commercial fast growing (CFG), commercial slow growing (CSG), and Rhode Island Red (RIR) chickens under intensive and free-range rearing environments. After 21 days of rearing under the same intensive environment 240 birds from each strain were subjected to free-range and intensive rearing until they were 56 days old. Each treatment was replicated six times with 20 birds in each replicate. Body surface and cloacal temperatures, respiration and heart rates, feed intake, bodyweight and weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, growth efficiency, and liveability were recorded. Significant differences among strains were detected in physiological response and growth performance (except liveability). Rearing environment also caused significant differences in physiological parameters (except body surface temperature) and growth performance (except liveability). Significant interactions of the strains and production systems were detected. The CFG strain grew most rapidly under the intensive system with differences between strains being reduced in the free-range system. The RSG and CSG strains had similar respiration rates under the two production systems but differed significantly from each other. However, the CFG strain had a significantly elevated respiration rate in the free-range system. Total input cost of rearing CFG under the intensive system was highest ($3.54) among the treatments, whereas CSG under a free-range environment generated the highest profit ($0.37 per bird). In conclusion, rearing CSG under free range was the most economic farming strategy in today’s scenario.Keywords: economics, fast-growing, free range, growth, intensive system, physiology, slow-growing rural chickens
Örgütlerde Mobbing, Whistleblowing ve Örgütsel Özdeşleşme Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Bir Araştırma: Stajyer Avukatlar Örneği
Authors: GÜZEL ÖZBEK Ayça , ŞENGÜL Cansu
Published: September 2020

Örgütlerde mobbing uzun yıllardır önlenmeye çalışılan sorunlardan biridir. Sistematik bir yıldırma davranışı olan mobbing özellikle çalışma hayatının başındaki bireylerde ciddi sorunlara yol açmaktadır. Avukat adaylarının daha donanımlı halde mesleğe başlaması amacıyla planlanan staj döneminde adayların yeni girdikleri örgütle ilgili algıları da önemlidir. Bu algılar avukatın örgütüyle özdeşleşmesini ve örgütte gördüğü sorunları dile getirmesini sağlayacak bir bakış açısı geliştirmesinde rol oynamaktadır.
Bu çalışmada avukat adaylarının mobbing algıları ile örgütsel özdeşleşme ve whistleblowing davranışları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucuna göre avukat adaylarının adliye çalışanlarının ve yanlarında staj gördükleri avukatların kendilerine mobbing uyguladığını düşündüğü ortaya çıkmıştır. Ancak Türkiye literatürüyle uyumlu olarak; mobbing ile whistleblowing ve özdeşleşme arasında anlamlı bir ilişki ortaya çıkmamıştır.
Bizans Tarihinde İkonoklazma Dönemi ve İkonoklazmanın Aya Sofya’ya Etkisi
Authors: GEYİK Nazlı Ece
Published: September 2020

(726-843) seneleri arasında iki farklı şekilde ortaya çıkan İkonoklazma Dönemi, Bizans’ın ve Bizans imparatorlarının “yönetim ile kilise” ilişkisi bağlamında yaşadığı toplumsal, siyasal, ekonomik ve dış güçlerden kaynaklanan sorunları da kendi içerisinde barındırdığı kargaşa dönemidir. Bizans ile Batı kilisesinin birbirinden ayrılmasıyla ikon sanatı ve kültürü, Ortodoks dünyasında önem arz etmeye başlamıştır. Bunun sonucunda yaşanan İkonoklazma Dönemi, Bizans kiliseleri için bir dönüm noktası olmuştur.    
Dünya mimarlık tarihinin günümüze kadar ayakta kalmış en önemli anıtları arasında yer alan Ayasofya; mimarisi, ihtişamı, büyüklüğü ve işlevselliği yönünden sanat dünyası açısından önemli bir yer teşkil etmekte, dini ve simgesel olarak bulunduğu şehre değer katmaktadır. Kilise olarak inşa edilen, ardından camiye çevrilen ve sonradan müze olarak düzenlenen yapı; simgesel önemini günümüzde de korumaya devam etmektedir. 726’da tüm ikon ve heykellerin Ayasofya’dan kaldırılması sonrasında, günümüze kadar gelebilen insan sureti tasvirlerini içeren mozaiklerin tümü, İkonoklazma Dönemi sonrasına aittir. Bununla birlikte insan sureti tasviri içermeyen mozaiklerden bazılarının da 6. yüzyılda yapılan ilk mozaikler olduğu anlaşılmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada, İkon ve ikonoklazma kavramlarının tanımıyla beraber İkonoklazma Dönemi’nden bahsedilerek; bu dönemde bazı mozaiklerin değiştirilmesi ve ikonoklazma sürecinin bitmesiyle yapılan kimi mozaiklerin ve mimari yapıların kültürel hafızadaki değişimini, Ayasofya örneği özelinde araştırılması hedeflenmiştir.
Ascitic Fluid Cytology Seen in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Nwafor CC , Obioha K , Akhiwu TO
Published: September 2020

Ascites is a symptom that can originate due to diverse pathologies. A lot of investigations including ascitic fluid cytology (AFC) can be done on it to help determine its origin. The aim of this study, is to document the findings and highlight the importance of AFC in patient care in Uyo. All AFC reports and slides in the Department of Histopathology, University of Uyo were retrieved, reviewed and used for this study. The age ranged from 1.5 – 80 years with mean age, 41.79 (±17.23) years. About 71.8% of the ascitic fluid (AF) specimens were from patients between the 3rd and 6th decade. Females predominated in all age groups expect 10-19 year's group, with a male to female sex ratio of 1:2.4. Malignant cells were seen in 28.7% of all the samples, while 51.2% were negative for malignant cells. Malignant cells were seen in 4 (6.7%), 11 (18.3%) and 6 (10%) of the AFC performed due to various liver pathologies, ovarian malignancies and intra-abdominal malignancies respectively. Malignant cells were found more in females with a male to female ratio of 1: 3.6. Age group 40-49 years accounted for most of the malignant cases (26.6%). The pattern of AFC in Uyo is similar to the pattern in other parts of Nigeria
Renaissance Anatomy: The Path from Ars to Scientia with a Focus on Anatomical Works of Johannes Jessenius
Authors: Nejeschleba Tomáš
Published: September 2020

Jan Jesenský – Jessenius (1566–1621) se pro své současníky stal známým především jako představitel italské anatomické renesance ve střední Evropě na přelomu šestnáctého a sedmnáctého století. I ve dvacátém století byl obraz Jana Jesenského vykreslen s ohledem na jeho anatomické aktivity ve Wittenbergu a v Praze. Cílem tohoto článku je zasadit Jessenia do kontextu rozvoje anatomie v šestnáctém století. Významný moment v jejím vývoji lze spatřovat ve změně chápání anatomie od umění (ars) pitvy těl a „metody“ výuky studentů ke způsobu získávání znalostí (scientia) o tělech a přírodě. Klíčovou roli v tomto procesu sehrála anatomická díla druhé poloviny šestnáctého století. Jejich rozvoj je zřejmě spojen s metodologickými diskusemi na univerzitě v Padově. Jesenský ve svých anatomických dílech navazuje v prvé řadě na Andrease Vesalia (1514–1564), jehož De humani corporis fabrica (1543) vyjadřuje základní proměnu v renesanční anatomii. V Jesseniově díle se odrážejí i metodologické základy anatomické renesance, se kterými se Jesenský seznámil na svých studiích v Padově.
Botany as a New Field of Knowledge in the Thirteenth Century: On the Genesis of the Specialized Sciences
Authors: Yavuz Mustafa , Herraíz Oliva Pilar
Published: September 2020

Recepce překladů aristotelských (včetně pseudo-aristotelských) textů na Pařížské univerzitě 13. století šířila nové porozumění vědám jakožto specializovaným oblastem poznání. Velké množství překladů vyžadovalo novou reorganizaci vědění, která musela zahrnout nové předměty a kategorie. Mezi těmito překlady můžeme najít velmi specifický případ – pseudo-aristotelský spis De plantis, přeložený z arabštiny do latiny, poté zpět do řečtiny a nakonec znovu přeložený do latiny. De plantis byl zahrnut do nového kurikula v Ripollu 109 (1230–1240 n.l.) a tvořil hlavní pramen pro botanické studie až do 16. století. V tomto článku zkoumáme přijetí a dopad De plantis jak na arabskou, tak na latinskou tradici. Našim cílem je ukázat jeho fundamentální roli ve vývoji botaniky jako nové disciplíny v rámci přírodních věd.
Marsilio Ficino's Allegorical Reading of Optical Phenomena
Authors: Žemla Martin
Published: September 2020

As a Platonist, Marsilio Ficino (1433–1499) was deeply interested in light  and its qualities. As a matter of fact, the metaphysics of light is so fundamental for him that it appears, treated more or less systematically, almost in all of his works. As a physician, he was naturally concerned with the human corporeality and with the relation of human body to the physical world, both terrestrial and astral. However, when discussing astronomical and optical phenomena (e.g. refraction of light in water, camera obscura, and concave mirrors), he sees them primarily not as physical realities but as starting points for his allegorical hermeneutics and analogical interpretations. Similarly, when Ficino situates the Sun in the centre of the universe, as its warming heart, ruling king and animating soul, he does so in the context of a metaphysical, rather than cosmological, heliocentrism. Indeed, physical astronomical “facts” seem generally irrelevant to him, being obscured by their spiritual meaning. This becomes especially conspicuous in the perspective that Copernicus arrived at his heliocentric theory most probably with the knowledge of Ficino’s treatise On Sun (De Sole) and even quoting the same sources as Ficino.
Experiencia en Cirugía de Miocardiopatía Hipertrófica Obstructiva en un Centro de Referencia Nacional
Authors: Robles Víctor , Pérez Yemmy , Ríos Josías
Published: September 2020

Objectives: To identify the clinical characteristics, analyze the results and show the efficacy of surgical treatment of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOC), in a national reference institute.
Methods: A descriptive, retrospective, case series of patients with the diagnosis of HOC operated at the National Cardiovascular Institute, was performed between December 2016 and January 2019. We analyzed the postoperative evolution of symptomatology, functional class (FC), left ventricular outflow tract gradient (LVOTG) and mitral regurgitation (MR).
Results: Thirteen cases with HOC undergoing extended septal myectomy were evaluated. 31% were women and the average age was 39.6 years. Before surgical treatment, 85% were in functional class (FC) III-IV, 85% of patients had severe MR, the mean septum thickness was 27 mm (range from 19 to 39 mm), and mean LVOTG was 111 mmHg (range from 60 to 150 mmHg). After surgical treatment we found improvement of the functional class (69% in FC I) and the degree of MR (92% with zero or minimal), and reduction of mean LVOTG to 16 mmHg (range from 6 to 35 mmHg). Simultaneous surgery of the mitral valve was performed in 7 patients (54%).
Conclusions: Our experience in HOC surgery is good. The treatment of both myocardial and valve components allows reducing LVOTG and correcting MR.
Mixoma Ventricular Izquierdo
Authors: Polo Gerber , Castillo Julio , Dávila Manuel
Published: September 2020

El mixoma es un tumor cardíaco primario de poca prevalencia en la población, con predilección por la aurícula izquierda seguido por la aurícula derecha. La localización en los ventrículos es infrecuente y la sintomatología varía según el lugar de origen. Sus complicaciones asociadas pueden tratarse o evitarse con la resección quirúrgica oportuna.
Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 15 años de edad, sintomática, con una masa en el ventrículo izquierdo. La masa fue resecada quirúrgicamente, y el estudio histopatológico confirmó que se trataba de un mixoma.
Tumoración Cardíaca con Complicación Embólica durante la Gestación
Authors: Zamudio Romel , Vandick Hector , Díaz Zoe
Published: September 2020

We present the case of a young pregnant woman in her first trimester, that presented with non-elevated ST myocardial infarction and left atrial myxoma. Despite the risk of cardiac surgery in a pregnant woman, the removal of the cardiac tumor was decided due to a high embolic risk. The surgery was performed without complications and following controls demonstrated fetal viability until delivery.
Diabetes e Insuficiencia Cardíaca
Authors: Alarco Walter
Published: September 2020

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic non-communicable cardio-metabolic disease that causes macro-vascular complications such as atherosclerosis, coronary disease and heart failure (HF). There is a bidi- rectional relationship between HF and DM, HF being the second most frequent initial  cardiovascular event in patients with diabetes. It may even be the first cardiovascular complication, before acute my- ocardial infarction.DM can lead to HF through mechanisms mediated by atherosclerosis and non mediated by it. In the first case, cholesterol is deposited in coronary arteries, favored by the presence of other risk factors. In the second case, the myocardium is directly affected leading to structural and functional changes through non-atherogenic mechanisms (called Diabetic Cardiomyopathy).The treatment of HF with reduced ejection fraction in the diabetic patient does not differ from that of the non-diabetic population, the triple neurohumoral block must be achieved. In the case of patients with HF with ejection fraction preserved to date, we do not have specific therapy to reduce cardiovas- cular morbidity and mortality.
In the diabetes treatment of the patient with HF, sodium-glucose type 2 cotransporter inhibitors (SGLT2i) clearly stand out. In addition to their glucosuric and natriuretic effect, they have pleiotropic effects that produce metabolic, hemodynamic and cellular viability effects preventing apoptosis and cell death. Finally, the clinical benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors in HF go beyond glycemic control, as demon- strated by the DAPA-HF study; initiating a new era in the treatment of patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction.
Utilidad de la Resonancia Magnética Cardíaca con Estrés Farmacológico para valorar Isquemia Miocárdica
Authors: Ramírez Sara , Paucca Esmeralda
Published: September 2020

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents the main cause of death in the world. According to the WorldHealth Organization (WHO), its prevalence is estimated to increase considering the high prevalence ofcardiovascular risk factors. In Peru, CVD remains the second cause of death in general population. Ischemiarepresents a strong predictor of future adverse events such as myocardial infarction and cardiovasculardeath. Accurate detection of ischemia exerts a pivotal role in the diagnostic strategy ofpatients with suspected coronary disease.Stress magnetic resonance is a non-invasive diagnostic tool, that offers advantage over other diagnostictechniques, considering that possesses high spatial resolution and no radiation exposure. Its diagnosticprecision for detecting coronary artery disease (CAD) is high, in addition of its prognostic valuein patients with suspicion of CAD.In this review we will describe how cardiac magnetic resonance with pharmacologic stress is performedin order to detect ischemia. We will also discuss the diagnostic and prognostic values of thistool in patients with suspicion of CAD.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN PERAWAT DAN PENERAPAN KOMPETENSI PENDOKUMENTASIAN PROSES KEPERAWATAN DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH DOK II JAYAPURA
Authors: Fatie Marselius , Felle Zeth Roberth
Published: September 2020

Dokumentasi yang baik mencerminkan kualitas perawatan dan yang membuktikan pertanggung jawaban setiap anggota tim perawatan dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan pada klien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan dan penerapan kompetensi perawat di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dok II Jayapura. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross seksional (potong lintang). Adapun sampel dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh populasi ruang rawat nginap yang ada di RSUD Dok II Jayapura yang berjumlah 434 orang, namun metode pengambilan sampling yang digunakan adalah secara purposive. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa item identitas pasien yang paling banyak diisi dengan nilai 36,7%, riwayat kesehatan 26,7%, pemeriksaan fisik, pola kebiasaan dan data penunjang didapatkan hasil yang sama yaitu 6,7%, sedangkan untuk data psikologis, data sosial, dan data spiritual masing-masing 3,3%. presentase pencatatan masing-masing item yang dinilai adalah sebagai berikut: Pencatatan tanggal dan jam 53,3%, identitas perawat dan nomor urut diagnosa diperoleh hasil yang sama 50%, dan sifat diagnosa keperawatan aktual/risiko 43,3%, diagnosa keperawatan sesuai dengan rumusan PES/PE 40%, sedangkan pencatatan untuk data subjektif dan objektif didapatkan nilai 10%. Pada item penulisan intervensi berdasarkan prioritas 46,7%, intervensi keperawatan dibuat dengan rumusan tujuan 40% dan tujuan dibuat dengan kriteria SMART 23,3%. Item pencatatan jam 60%, tanggal 53,3%, sedangkan tindakan dibuat dengan rumusan tujuan dan tindakan kolaborasi menunjukkan nilai yang sama 50%, pencatatan identititas perawat 36,7%, respon klien terhadap tindakan 3,3%, dan untuk revisi tindakan berdasarkan evaluasi didapatkan 0% karena tidak ada yang melakukan pencatatan untuk bagian ini. Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat pendidikan dan pendokumentasian asuhan keperawatan, dimana dari sisi kuantitas pencatatan lebih sering dilakukan oleh perawat dengan latar belakang pendidikan DIII keperawatan.
SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA DALAM PROGRAM PENANGGULANGAN HIV/AIDS DI KABUPATEN JAYAWIJAYA, PAPUA
Authors: Sahiddin Muhamad , Resubun Theresia
Published: September 2020

Angka penderita HIV/AIDS yang tinggi menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan di Kabupaten Jayawijaya. Keadaan sumber daya manusia dari sisi jumlah, kualifikasi, distribusi dan kapasitas menjadi salah satu faktor utama dalam penanggulangan HIV/AIDS di Kabupaten Jayawijaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji keadaan sumber daya manusia dalam program penanggulangan HIV/AIDS di Kabupaten Jayawijaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam pada 18 inforaman dan 1 kelompok Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Penentuan informan penelitian dengan prosedur purposive, yang terdiri pejabat Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten, Komisi Penanggulangan AIDS Daerah, Kepala Puskesmas, Pemegang Program HIV/AIDS dan Non Government Organization. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sumber daya manusia untuk program penanggulangan HIV AIDS di Kabupaten Jayawijaya masih terjadi masalah pada sisi jumlah, kualifikasi, distribusi maupun peningkatan kapasitasnya. Kekurangan tenaga HIV AIDS terjadi pada tingkat Dinas Kesehatan dan Unit Pelayanan di Puskesmas. Hal ini menyebabkan penumpukan beban kerja tenaga karena harus merangkap sebagai programer kegiatan lainnya. Jenis tenaga HIV AIDS yang tidak mencukupi adalah tenaga analis kesehatan (tenaga laboratorium), tenaga apoteker, dokter, dan tenaga konselor HIV AIDS. Distribusi tenaga kesehatan masih banyak yang berpusat di daerah perkotaan. Dari sisi peningkatan kapasitas, Dinas Kesehatan telah rutin melakukan pelatihan kepada tenaga HIV AIDS, tetapi masalah yang terjadi adalah adanya fenomena pindah tugas tenaga kesehatan yang telah mengikuti pelatihan.
EFEKTIFITAS PIJAT BAYI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN BAYI USIA 4 - 6 BULAN DI PUSKESMAS HEDAM DISTRIK ABEPURA KOTA JAYAPURA
Authors: Nasrah Nasrah , Swastika I Ketut , Kismiyati Kismiyati
Published: September 2020

Pemberian stimulus yang diberikan sesaat setelah bayi lahir memberikan efek yang sangat penting pada perkembangan kemampuan motorik dan adaptasi sosial di masa perkembangan bayi hingga dewasa nanti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganaliasa efektifitas pijat bayi terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi usia 4 - 6 bulan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimen dengan pendekatan pre and post test desain with control group desain. Jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 16 bayi yang terbagi atas dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok perlakukan (8 bayi) dan kelompok kontrol (8 bayi). Hasil penelitian bahwa hasil analisa bivariat menunjukkan tindakan massage memiliki pengaruh yang positif terhadap peningkatan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan. Pada pertumbuhan (berat badan) diperoleh nilai p = 0,017. Pada pertumbuhan (panjang badan) diperoleh nilai p = 0,012 atau < 0,05, Hal ini membuktikan efektifitas pemijatan terhadap pertumbuhan (panjang badan). Pada perkembangan diperoleh nilai p = 0,028 atau < 0,05. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa ada pengaruh antara pemijatan dengan perkembangan bayi. Pemijatan yang dilaksanakan secara rutin pada bayi dengan gerakan pemijatan pada kaki, perut, dada, tangan, punggung dan gerakan peregangan dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi.
GAMBARAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN PERAWAT TENTANG PERAN ADVOKAT BAGI PASIEN DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM ABEPURA
Authors: Felle Zeth Roberth
Published: September 2020

Peran perawat sebagai advokat klien menuntut perawat untuk dapat mengidentifikasi dan mengetahui nilai-nilai tentang peran advokat, hak-hak klien, perilaku professional, dan hubungan klien-keluarga-dokter. Di samping itu, pengetahuan dan pendidikan yang cukup sangat diperlukan untuk memiliki kompetensi klinik sebagai syarat untuk menjadi advokat klien. pengetahuan yang tinggi tentang peran advokat klien dapat menjadi pendukung bagi perawat utnuk menerapkan peran advokat secara optimal.
BUDAYA SUKU DANI DALAM MENGIMPLEMENTASIKAN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI KABUPATEN JAYAWIJAYA PROVINSI PAPUA (STUDI KASUS)
Authors: Latu Saparaddin
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali dan menemukan Budaya Suku Dani dalam mengimplementasikan program Keluarga Berencana dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya di Kabupaten Jayawijaya Provinsi Papua. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif (Rapid Etnografi Assesment) dengan jumlah informan sebanyak enam belas orang (16). Pemilihan informan dengan cara snowball sampling, pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan metode wawancara mendalam (In-depth Interview), observasi, telaah dokumen, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Analisis data dengan menggunakan model interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keluarga berencana dalam budaya Suku Dani yang telah dilaksanakan dan diaktualisasikan dalam kehidupan keseharian mereka dari turun temurun antara lain: kepercayaan dalam prinsip hidup; perkawinan menurut hukum adat (Inyagugi apik), nilai relasi (Nege), nilai membagi, nilai kesetiaan, nilai kerja (Yabu). Prinsip teguh dan patuh terhadap perintah adat telah dilaksanakan secara turun-temurun dengan sistem pemerintahan adat (Klen). Wesakun memimpin upacara-upacara adat keagamaan dengan menggunakan benda-benda keramat. Hukum adat yang dipraktekkan secara efektif memiliki hubungan langsung atau tidak langsung melalui prilaku pengambilan keputusan. Pandangan nilai anak dan jenis kelamin terhadap variabel antara yaitu usia pernikahan pertama dan pemilihan pasangan pada Masyarakat Suku Dani. Keterlibatan pemerintah dan lintas sektor dalam pengembangan peran serta masyarakat melakukan program dan komunikasi yang efektif tentang KB dan kependudukan merupakan salah satu pendekatan yang dapat dikembangkan untuk mengatasi permasalahan pengaturan kelahiran dan kualitas SDM demi peningkatan kualitas hidup Masyarakat Suku Dani.
PERBEDAAN HASIL SKOR TRY OUT UJI KOMPETENSI ANTARA MAHASISWA YANG MENGIKUTI BIMBINGAN BELAJAR DAN TIDAK MENGIKUTI BIMBINGAN BELAJAR PADA MAHASISWA D-IV KEPERAWATAN POLTEKKES JAYAPURA
Authors: Kismiyati Kismiyati
Published: September 2020

Bimbingan belajar dilakukan dalam upaya meningkatkan kelulusan ujian kompetensi lulusan perawat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bimbingan belajar terhadap skor nilai try out uji kompetensi pada mahasiswa Prodi D-IV Keperawatan Poltekkes Jayapura. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimental dengan pendekatan one group posttest only. Jumlah sampel sebesar 72 mahasiswa yang dibagi dalam 2 (dua) kelompok, yaitu kelompok perlakuan (menerima bimbingan) dan kelompok kontrol (tidak menerima bimbingan). Analisis data dengan uji t tidak berpasangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada perbedaan rata - rata skor total nilai try out uji kompetensi antara kelompok kontrol (rata-rata=40.5388) dan kelompok perlakuan (rata-rata=45.5410) dengan nilai signifikansi p=0,028. Dilihat pada masing â€“ masing materi bimbingan, ada perbedaan signifikansi antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan pada keperawatan medikal bedah (p=0,003) dan maternitas (p=0,012). Pemberian bimbingan dapat terus dilakukan dengan memperbanyak variasi soal dan meningkatkan motivasi mahasiswa untuk mengikuti bimbingan.
POLA HIDUP PASIEN HIPERTENSI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH WAMENA, JAYAWIJAYA
Authors: Halitopo Yoel
Published: September 2020

Pasien Hipertensi yang menerapkan perilaku gaya hidup sehat dan perawatan diri yang baik dapat menurunkan tekanan darah dan mengurangi risiko kejadian dini penyakit kardiovaskuler. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran asuhan keperawatan pada pasien hipertensi dengan pola hidup sehat di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Wamena Kabupaten Jayawijaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain studi kasus survey. Penelitian dilakukan di Polik Penyakit Dalam RSUD Wamena pada bulan April â€“ Mei 2018. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 90 orang yang dipilih menggunakan teknik accidental random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 58,3% responden tidak patuh melakukan kontrol darah. Hanya 44% responden yang patuh mengatur pola makan. Responden yang memiliki kebiasaan merokok sebanyak 65,9% dan tidak melakukan aktivitas olahraga sebanyak 76,7%. Sebanyak 75,8% pasien tidak patuh melakukan pengendalian stres. Ketidakpatuhan pasien untuk melakukan pola hidup sehat disebabkan oleh pasien lebih memilih pengobatan di faslitas kesehatan dibandingkan dengan upaya pencegahan. Konseling dan penyuluhan perlu dilakukan untuk memperbaiki pola hidup pasien hipertensi.
PENYIMPANGAN STRUKTUR FRASA BAHASA INDONESIA PADA SPANDUK DAN PAPAN NAMA DI KABUPATEN BANTUL (INDONESIAN IRREGULARITIES PHRASE STRUCTURE AT THE BANNERS AND SIGNAGE IN THE DISTRICT BANTUL)
Authors: Prasetyo Aji
Published: September 2020

Language plays an important role in the communication process. Language used in outdoor media, such as hotel signage, store signage, and banners. The author still find much errors, particularly the structure of the writing of a group of words or phrases in the banner and the signage. The theory used in this study is diterangkan-menerangkan legal norms (D-M), while the methodological approach used is descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection is performed using the method of direct observation (observation), technical notes, and documentation. Data analysis was performed having regard to the various aspects and types of errors. The results of the data analysis presented informalpresentation method that is the presentation without the use of a particular sign or symbol. The results obtained, namely (1) the error occurred in the consumer’s attention or community efforts, (2) the error occurred because the structure of phrases used are considered more prestigious, and (3) the error occurred because of the use of the word uptake is more prevalent in society.