bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative assessment of text-image fusion models for medical diagnostics
Authors: Gusarova Natalia , Lobantsev Artem , Vatian Aleksandra , Kapitonov Andrey , Shalyto Anatoly
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Information overload and complexity are characteristic of decision-making in medicine. In these conditions information fusion techniques are effective. For the diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia using x-ray images and accompaniyng free-text radiologists reports, it is promising to use text-image fusion. Purpose: Development of a method for fusing text with an image in the treatment and diagnosis of pneumonia using neural networks. Methods: We used MIMIC-CXR dataset, the SEResNeXt101-32x4d for images feature extracting and the Bio-ClinicalBERT model followed by ContextLSTM layer for text featureextracting. We compared five architectures in the conducted experiment: image classifier, report classifier and three scenarios of the fusion, namely late fusion, middle fusion and early fusion. Results: We got an absolute excess of metrics (ROC AUC = 0.9933, PR AUC = 0.9907) when using an early fusion classifier (ROC AUC = 0.9921, PR AUC = 0.9889) even over the idealized case of text classifier (that is, without taking into account possible errors of the radiologist). The network training time ranged from 20 minutes for late fusion to 9 hours and 45 minutes for early fusion. Based on Class Activation Map technique we graphically showed that the image feature extractor in the fused classification scenario still learns discriminative regions for pneumonia classification problem. Discussion: Fusing text and images increases the likelihood of correct image classification compared to only image classification. The proposed combined image-report classifier trained with the early-fusion method gives better performance than individual classifiers in the pneumonia classification problem. However, it is worth considering that better results cost the training time and required computation resources. Report-based training is much faster in training and less demanding for computation capacity.
Animalidade, loucura e biopolítica em Foucault
Authors: De Oliveira Flávio Valentim
Published: October 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a loucura em seu aspecto mais vergonhoso da animalidade humana, particularmente da liberdade nociva e inútil. Assim, podemos encontrar na História da loucura alguns tópicos (ou alguns esboços) do que futuramente iremos designar no pensamento de Foucault como reflexões sobre biopolítica? A indagação não parece estranha se interpretarmos a loucura como grande experimento público em torno do controle da liberdade, do comedimento humano e a categoria da animalidade positiva, resultante da própria objetivação da loucura enquanto fenômeno que vincula o estado patológico e o estado animalesco.
A psicologia de Evágrio Pôntico: o caminho da práxis
Authors: Paolozzi Sérvulo da Cunha Mariana , De Souza Nunes Marcus Vinicius
Published: October 2020

Os escritos de Evágrio Pôntico, monge do século IV, embora não constituindo um sistema filosófico, são de capital importância para compreendermos o desenvolvimento da cultura ocidental. No presente trabalho, todavia, operamos um corte epistemológico diferente. Buscamos na sua obra Tratado Prático, primeira parte de uma trilogia de teologia espiritual, elementos de uma doutrina psicológica que, é o que pretendemos demonstrar, se constitui em verdadeira terapêutica. Assim, exploramos alguns conceitos fundamentais dessa obra, tais como os de impassibilidade (apatheía), de pensamentos passionais (logismoí), e o de paixões (páthos), e também doutrinas importantes, como a da divisão tripartite da alma e a demonologia evagriana (onde os demônios, a nosso ver, representariam facetas inconscientes do desejo).
Does a Live Performance Impact Synchronization to Musical Rhythm in Cognitively Impaired Elderly?
Authors: Ghilain Matthieu , Hobeika Lise , Lesaffre Micheline , Schiaratura Loris , Singh Ashmita , Six Joren , Huvent-Grelle Dominique , Puisieux François , Samson Séverine
Published: October 2020

Background: Music-based interventions appear to be efficient approaches to improve emotional, social, and cognitive functioning of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Objective: Because benefits seem to increase with patient’s motor involvement, we studied sensorimotor synchronization (SMS) abilities of patients with cognitive impairments (Alzheimer’s disease, vascular and mixed dementia) and of patients with no evidence of cognitive impairments. More specifically, we compared the impact of a live performance by a musician to a video recording on SMS. Methods: SMS to a metronomic or a musical stimulus was assessed while patients watched a live musician or his pre-recorded video. Results: SMS to a metronome was better than to music but this effect was modulated by the social context. While SMS to a metronome was better when facing a video than a live performance, there was no impact of social context on SMS to music. No group differences of SMS were found. Conclusion: The decrease in SMS to a metronome in a live performance may be due to social pressure. Such a pressure might be removed in pleasant social activities, like moving with music in a group, explaining the lack of effect on SMS to music. We found no performance differences in groups, suggesting relatively spared SMS in cognitively impaired patients. By showing that it is possible to encourage patients to synchronize with others, even when facing a video, our results indicate that SMS can be used as a relevant predictor in clinical trials and open up promising therapeutic options for isolated patients.
Use of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease Risk in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Subjective Cognitive Decline in Routine Clinical Care in Germany
Authors: Bartels Claudia , Kögel Anna , Schweda Mark , Wiltfang Jens , Pentzek Michael , Schicktanz Silke , Schneider Anja
Published: October 2020

Background: The National Institute of Aging and Alzheimer’s Association’s diagnostic recommendations for preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) define AD by pathological processes which can be detected by biomarkers. These criteria were established as part of a research framework intended for research purposes but progressively enter the clinical practice. Objective: We investigated the availability, frequency of use, interpretation, and therapeutic implications of biomarkers for the etiologic diagnosis and prognosis in MCI and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in routine clinical care. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey among 215 expert dementia centers (hospitals and memory clinics) in Germany. Results: From the 98 centers (45.6% of contacted centers) included, two-thirds reported use of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers Aβ42, tau, and phospho-tau in the diagnostic workup of MCI and one third in SCD. CSF biomarker analysis was more often employed by neurological (MCI 84%; SCD 42%) compared to psychiatric institutions (MCI 61%; SCD 33%; p≤0.001). Although dementia experts disagreed on the risk of progression associated with different CSF biomarker constellations, CSF biomarker results guided therapeutic decisions: ∼40% of responders reported to initiate cholinesterase inhibitor therapy in MCI and 18% in SCD (p = 0.006), given that all CSF biomarkers were in the pathological range. Conclusion: Considering the vast heterogeneity among dementia expert centers in use of CSF biomarker analysis, interpretation of results, and therapeutic consequences, a standardization of biomarker-based diagnosis practice in pre-dementia stages is needed.
Which long line do we use in very low birth weight neonates; umbilical venous catheter or peripherally inserted central catheter?
Authors: Gupta S. , Patwardhan G. , Parikh T. , Kadam S. , Vaidya U. , Pandit A.
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND:

Umbilical venous catheters (UVC) and peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) are commonly used in preterms. UVC is cheap, easy to insert but has shorter dwell time. UVC is replaced after 7 days due to the risk of complications. This is associated with increased cost, work, and risk of nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to determine the antenatal and postnatal factors that predict the need for a central line for more than 7 days, thus helping select between UVC or PICC on day 1 of life in babies ≤1500 grams.

METHODS:

We retrospectively collected antenatal and postnatal data of VLBW neonates over a period of 1 year who needed CL during their NICU stay. We then divided them into two cohorts. Group 1: CL ≤7 days. Group 2: CL > 7 days.

RESULTS:

Sepsis and catheter complications were lower with use of a single CL or duration being ≤7 days. Birth weight, incomplete/no antenatal steroids, need for resuscitation, low Apgar’s, RDS, hs-PDA, and initiation of feeds beyond 24 hours of birth were significant. The score was devised based on factors found significant that had an acceptable AUC of 0.767 on ROC analysis with a score of 1 or above having 74.8% sensitivity and 67.7% specificity for prediction of need for CL > 7 days.

CONCLUSIONS:

Birth weight ≤1000 grams, incomplete steroids and need for resuscitation at birth were predictive of the need of CL beyond seven days, on day one of life.
Telemedicine for pediatric physiatry: How social distancing can bring physicians and families closer together
Authors: Sukhov Renat , Asante Afua , Ilizarov Gavriil
Published: October 2020

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic triggered wide scale implementation of telemedicine in the United States. The government response, Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, permitted loosening of existing restrictions on telemedicine enabling its rapid incorporation into the delivery of medical care for children and adults. Prior to COVID-19, few pediatric physiatrists had opportunities to access high fidelity telemedicine platforms to provide health care for patients with special needs, mobility impairments, developmental delays, neuromuscular disorders or other complex medical conditions. This literature review will explore how telemedicine can optimize health care delivery options for pediatric physiatrists in various inpatient and outpatient settings such as consultations, acute inpatient units, outpatient clinics and long-term care facilities. Detailed analysis of the current research in telemedicine applications as well as a critical review of the limitations and barriers for its use offers a plethora of opportunities for enhancement of continuity and coordination of care. Telemedicine may decrease healthcare disparities and increase access of care for children with special needs. Additional research is needed to assess the efficacy of telemedicine when addressing complex medical conditions in children.
Video visits and access to care in pediatric rehabilitation therapies in the time of a pandemic
Authors: Nulle Jill , Nelson Virginia Simson
Published: October 2020

Telemedicine has emerged as a vital tool for continuing to provide therapy to children with disabilities throughout the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. While video visits have certain advantages, such as the ability to see the children in their home, they also have potential drawbacks, as some exam maneuvers and objective measurement tools cannot be performed virtually. The increased utilization of telemedicine also raises questions about access to care. Video visits can remove the transportation and time barriers that some families face. However, they raise new barriers, such as a requirement for home internet access and insurance coverage, that may negatively impact access to care for certain patients. Moving forward, a combination of clinic and video visits in pediatric rehabilitation may be the best way to harness the advantages of both modalities while minimizing their disadvantages. Our article discusses issues relating to rehabilitation therapy delivered via virtual visits, but further study is needed to examine whether video visits achieve similar outcomes to clinic visits.
Model-based estimation of small area food insecurity measures in Ethiopia using the Fay-Herriot EBLUP estimator
Authors: Shiferaw Yegnanew A.
Published: October 2020

In many countries, including Ethiopia, sample surveys are designed to produce estimates of variables of interest at the national and regional levels due to cost and operational considerations. For example, household food insecurity estimates are needed down at least at the zone level in Ethiopia to offer targeted solutions. However, the sample sizes of sample surveys are often not large enough to produce reliable estimates at the small area (zone) level. This paper remedies some of these shortcomings by estimating household food insecurity in each zone of Ethiopia by linking data from the 2015/16 welfare and monitoring survey and the 2007 population census using a small area estimation (SAE) approach. The results show the zonal level household food insecurity estimates generated by SAE were more efficient and precise compared to the survey-based estimates. Besides, accurate and cost-effective food insecurity statistics at the zonal level were produced without more resources through combining the available data sources. Finally, zonal level household food insecurity estimates could be the recommended tools for monitoring the progress of sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Ethiopia. Because, in the final 2030 Agenda, SDG 2 concentrates entirely on food security, recognizing much of its complex and multi-faceted nature.
Life cycle support software components
Authors: Kudzh S. A. , Tsvetkov V. Ya. , Rogov I. E.
Published: October 2020

Modern software development is based on a systems approach, in which a program or software complex is considered as a system of interacting software components. Models of software components are analogs of complex system subsystems. Therefore, a complex program is considered as a system of software components. The organization of the structure of software components affects the quality and result of the program. The organization of interaction between software components affects the efficiency of the program. An important factor in the system of software components is the life cycle, which determines the effectiveness and feasibility of using this program. Software differs from many complex systems and information systems in that it has the ability to increase its life cycle. Moreover, the need to increase the life cycle is characterized by two factors: external and internal. The internal factor arises due to the obsolescence of the program. In this case, it does not meet the new conditions, for example, a new operating system. The external factor arises from external influences in the form of interference or purposeful actions, such as computer viruses. The problem of creating the structure of software components of computing systems and information systems that ensure the duration of the life cycle in the presence of external influences is topical. The study of this problem contributes to the improvement of the technological base of computing systems and information systems that solve applied problems. The article presents a new life cycle model based on two models of growth and degradation. The article recommends a resource-based approach for life cycle assessment. As an analytical solution, it is proposed to use a logistic equation, which describes the mechanisms of the life cycle formation process quite well. The article discusses three types of resource in calculations: physical, technological and communicative. A general redundancy solution is proposed to create a network with the inclusion of a multigraph model.
Efficiency of adaptive filter with envelope tracking algorithm when receiving signals with multi-position PSK against the background of non-fluctuation interferences
Authors: Kulikov G. V. , Do Trung Tien
Published: October 2020

The energy and spectral advantages of signals with phase-shift keying predetermined their widespread use in modern digital navigation, communications and television systems. The use of this type of signal in a multi-position format with an increased number of possible phase states allows increasing the information capacity of the channel signal, and consequently the throughput rate of radio channels. The presence of non-fluctuation interference in such radio channels greatly reduces the noise immunity of information reception. A well-known way to deal with such interference is to use adaptive non-recursive filters in the receiver. The article evaluates the effectiveness of using such a filter with an algorithm for setting weight coefficients that controls the constant envelope of a useful signal when receiving signals with multi-position phase shift keying against the background of noise and non-fluctuation interference. Two types of such interference are considered – harmonic and relayed. Using computer simulation, the optimal filter parameters (adaptation coefficient and its length) are determined; the effect of the filter on the noise immunity of the quadrature signal receiver with multi-position phase shift keying for various combinations of interference and their intensity is estimated. It is shown that such an adaptive filter can successfully cope with the most dangerous sighting harmonic interference.
Ferroelectric memory: state-of-the-art manufacturing and research
Authors: Abdullaev D. A. , Milovanov R. A. , Volkov R. L. , Borgardt N. I. , Lantsev A. N. , Vorotilov K. A. , Sigov A. S.
Published: October 2020

Semiconductor industry calls for emerging memory, demonstrating high speed (like SRAM or DRAM), nonvolatility (like Flash NAND), high endurance and density, good scalability, reduced energy consumption and reasonable cost. Ferroelectric memory FRAM has been considered as one of the emerging memory technologies for over 20 years. FRAM uses polarization switching that provides low power consumption, nonvolatility, high speed and endurance, robust data retention, and resistance to data corruption via electric, magnetic fields and radiation. Despite the advantages, market share held by FRAM manufacturers is insignificant due to scaling challenges. State-of-the-art FRAM manufacturing is studied in this paper. Ferroelectric capacitors and memory cells made by main commercial FRAM manufactures (Texas Instruments, Cypress Semiconductor, Fujitsu и Lapis Semiconductor) are explored. All memory cells are based on the lead zirconate titanate PZT capacitor with the thickness of about 70 nm and IrOx/Ir or Pt electrodes. The leading FRAM technology remains the 130 nm node CMOS process developed at Texas Instruments fabs. New approaches to further scaling and new devices based on ferroelectrics are reviewed, including binary ferroelectrics deposited by ALD techniques, piezoelectronic transistors, ferroelectric/2D-semiconductor transistor structures, and others. Whether FRAM technology will be able to resolve one of the main contradictions between a high-speed processor and a relatively slow nonvolatile memory depends on the success of the new technologies integration.
DECREASING LEVELS OF BIOLOGICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (BOD) AND AMMONIA USING MULTI SOIL LAYERING (MSL) METHOD IN TRADITIONAL ALCOHOL WASTE
Authors: Amara Brilliant Maulana , Fatimah Siti
Published: October 2020

Alcohol can be traditionally made from agriculture residue fermentation where in Sukonarjo Bekonang the waste is discharged into free water, high levels of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Ammonia make the environment polluted. BOD is a way to characterize the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by microorganisms for the degradation of organic matter under aerobic conditions. Ammonia in surface water comes from urine and feces as well as from oxidation of microbiological organic matter (HaObCcNa), which comes from natural water or industrial and occupant wastewater. By using the Multi Soil Layering (MSL) method which improves soil function for organic wastewater treatment where the soil is a biological, physical, and chemical system that has been used for recycling and waste management for a long time being able to reduce BOD levels from alcohol waste from 51209.6 mg O2/L to 22409.6 mg O2/L and Ammonia levels from 30% to 24% with a fairly low cost.
Börtönkönyvtárak: ablakok a világra
Authors: Juhász Zsuzsanna
Published: October 2020

Napjainkban a legtöbb állam részéről megfigyelhető törekvés olyan programok, erőforrások felkutatására és alkalmazására, amelyek a fogvatartottak társadalomba történő sikeres be/visszailleszkedését segítik elő. Ebben a rehabilitációs folyamatban a lehetséges eszközök egyike a börtönkönyvtár. A jelen tanulmány célja kettős: egyrészről a börtönkönyvtárak történeti fejlődésének nemzetközi kontextusban történő bemutatása, másrészről pedig a rendelkezésre álló szakirodalom alapján a jelenlegi helyzet felvázolása. A tanulmány a speciális környezet kihívásaira éppúgy fókuszál, mint a börtönkönyvtárak fogvatartottakra gyakorolt kihatásaira, a sikeres könyvtári szolgáltatásokra és programokra.
The Development of Website on Management Information System for E-commerce and Services
Authors: Hidayat Ahmad Tri , Dewantara Andi Muhammad Dirham , Saifullah Shoffan
Published: October 2020

Currently, the sales system is overgrowing. The concept of selling that was done manually (which is still less than optimal) becomes electronic (e-commerce). System development requires a digital platform. This platform must be able to carry out all activities that were carried out before (manually), such as collecting documents, recording transactions, and reporting. Besides, the e-commerce platform can provide support and increased performance in the sales process, both in checking stock items, transaction reports, and services. Besides, this optimization can provide services precisely and quickly to consumers. A management information system concept is needed to carry out e-commerce and services with integrated data and be stored in its development database. This prototype concept requires a method for website development. The method used is a waterfall. Website design uses the Hypertext PreProcessor (PHP) programming language and MySQL database. The design model uses two concepts: entity-relationship diagrams (ERD) and data flow diagrams (DFD). The result is a website and e-commerce services that can be accepted by users and e-commerce organizers with tests that have been carried out. System testing uses Blackbox and Whitebox testing, each of which results can be used to implement e-commerce sites and services. The website can assist officers in service and e-commerce and make it easier for officers to determine the target and service status.
Avaliação de hepatotoxicidade em idosos com HIV/AIDS em uso de isoniazida
Authors: Santana Claudinei Alves , Santos Gustavo Alves Andrade dos
Published: October 2020

Introdução: O envelhecimento da população se torna notório a partir do século XX alcançando vários países do mundo. Os dados do Boletim Epidemiológico de 2019 do ministério da saúde informam um aumento na incidência de casos de aids entre idosos do sexo masculino no período de 2008 a 2018 de 9,7 % e uma redução de 5% entre as mulheres. O comprometimento do sistema imunológico favorece o surgimento de doenças consideradas oportunistas sendo a Tuberculose (TB) a maior causa de morte entre os indivíduos com aids. Umas das medidas para prevenção da coinfecção TB/HIV em adultos jovens e idosos, segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde, é o tratamento com o medicamento isoniazida, que tem por objetivo a redução do risco de adoecimento pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis e consequentemente a manifestação da TB. Em relação a isoniazida, a hepatotoxicidade é uma reação adversa potencialmente grave que pode resultar até em morte. Objetivo: Avaliar o risco de hepatotoxicidade ao uso de isoniazida medida através dos resultados de exames laboratoriais através das enzimas hepáticas. METODO: Estudo transversal retrospectivo descritivo e analítico com pacientes idosos com HIV/aids em uso de isoniazida em acompanhado em Serviço Especializado em HIV/aids de 2008 a 2011. Foram analisados resultados laboratoriais de transaminases hepáticas (AST e ALT) e gama glutariltranferase de uma base de dados secundária em 3 momentos específicos (pré tratamento, concomitante ao tratamento e pós tratamento com isoniazida) e características dos sujeitos (idade, sexo, tempo de infecção pelo HIV). Os dados foram analisados em Programa Estatístico SPSS 20. Resultado: Foram analisados 12 sujeitos com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos sendo 75% (9) homens, idade média de 63 anos e 25% (3) mulheres, idade média de 68 anos. Os sujeitos apresentavam em média 15 anos de infecção pelo HIV. Houve um aumento de 20,9 % da AST, e 11,5% da Gama Gutamiltransferase concomitante ao tratamento em relação aos valores pré tratamento. Conclusão: Os resultados laboratoriais ao uso de isoniazida apresentaram elevação indicado uma leve hepatotoxicidade sem necessidade de suspensão do tratamento preventivo com isoniazida, no entanto, acompanhamento por equipe multiprofissional e farmacêutico se faz necessário.
RV POSEIDON Fahrtbericht / Cruise Report POS536/Leg 1
Authors: Lenz Mark
Published: October 2020

DIPLANOAGAP: Distribution of Plastics in the North Atlantic Garbage Patch Ponta Delgada (Portugal) – Malaga (Spain) 17.08. – 12.09.2019 The expedition POS 536 is part of a multi-disciplinary research initiative of GEOMAR investigating the origin, transport and fate of plastic debris from estuaries to the oceanic garbage patches. The main focus will be on the vertical transfer of plastic debris from the surface and near-surface waters to the deep sea and on the processes that mediate this transport. The obtained data will help to develop quantitative models that provide information about the level of plastic pollution in the different compartments of the open ocean (surface, water column, seafloor). Furthermore, the effects of plastic debris on marine organisms in the open ocean will be assessed. The cruise will provide data about the: (1) abundance of plastic debris with a minimum size of 100 μm as well as the composition of polymer types in the water column at different depths from the sea surface to the seafloor including the sediment, (2) abundance and composition of plastic debris in organic aggregates (“marine snow”), (3) in pelagic and benthic organisms (invertebrates and fish) and in fecal pellets, (4) abundance and the identity of biofoulers (bacteria, protozoans and metazoans) on the surface of plastic debris from different water depths, (5) identification of chemical compounds (“additives”) in the plastic debris and in water samples.
Neutrality in Austria's Foreign and Security Policy after the Cold War
Authors: Popławski Dariusz
Published: October 2020

After the end of the Cold War, neutrality was redefined by adapting its functioning to the unprecedented changes in the international environment. This redefi nition covered two key areas; the change in attitudes towards international confl icts and the rejection of the principles of economic neutrality. By joining the EU, Austria, as a perpetually neutral state, made a commitment to fully conform with its obligations arising from participating in the Common Foreign and Security Policy. The necessary changes to legal regulations have led to a departure from the principles of traditional neutrality and the actual change of international status to an alliance-free/post-neutral state. The main area of main Austrian political forces’ dispute within foreign and security policy was the recognition of the possibility of abandonment of neutrality and NATO membership. It remains unresolved as to whether the rejection of neutrality constitutes solely a legal and constitutional issue. At the same time, Austrian society, with its fi rm pro-European attitude, still shows a strong commitment to neutrality.
Migration Crisis and Its Impact on the Internal Situation in Turkey
Authors: Liszkowska Dominika
Published: October 2020

The aim of this article is to discuss the impact of the migration crisis on the social situation in Turkey. The article consists of three parts. In the first part, the author discusses the role of Turkey in overcoming the migration crisis along with statistics concerning the number of refugees in this country. The second part presents the state’s policy towards Syrian refugees and its evolution. The third part includes an analysis of the consequences which the migration crisis and the infl ux of refugees has caused in the socio-political situation of Turkey. This part also containsan analysis of public opinion surveys on the attitude of Turks towards the refugee community.
The Role of Cities in the Integration of Immigrants in Europe
Authors: Rajca Lucyna
Published: October 2020

In the era of migration, cities play an important role in integrating immigrants and promoting social cohesion. Sometimes they create and implement integration policies different from these at a national level. The state-run civic integration programs question the thesis of the growing role of cities as these programs have resulted in centralizing integration policies and reducing their role. In recent years, large European cities have been implementing a cultural diversity management model referred to as “intercultural integration”. They have also adopted mainstream policies targeted at the entire population. In terms of immigrant integration policy Polish large cities have recently been following a pattern set by their Western European counterparts. This results from the availability of European funds and trends towards cultural diversity rather than challenges.
الابتكار المالي كمدخل نحو التمويل المستدام دراسة حالة المصارف الإسلامية في دولة قطر (2018-2014)
Authors: جمال ابراهيم حسن
Published: October 2020

تتسارع آثار الثورة الصناعية الرابعة على الاقتصاد، وتطرق الباب بوادر ثورة صناعية خامسة مفتاحها الإبداع والابتكار، ولا يزال تحدي التنمية المستدامة وتحقيق أهدافها ماثلًا أمام المنظمات العالمية؛ وتجد المصارف الإسلامية نفسها في ظل هذا الوضع محاطة بجملة من التحديات منها كيفية مواكبة التطورات التكنولوجية الحديثة للتمكن من الاستمرار والمنافسة، وفي المقابل تجنب الآثار السلبية التي يمكن أن تحدثها هذه التغيرات في زيادة الهوة بين الابتكارات المالية ومتطلبات التنمية المستدامة، والتي تعتبر المصارف الإسلامية بطبيعتها مطالبة أكثر من غيرها بتحقيق هذه المتطلبات؛ ومن هنا تأتي هذه الدراسة كمحاولة لاعتماد موجهات لكيفية الاستفادة من تحدي الابتكار المالي لمعالجة تحدي الاستدامة من خلال ابتكار منتجات التمويل المستدام في المصارف الإسلامية. تهدف الدراسة إلى بيان مفهوم الابتكار المالي والاستدامة، وإيضاح أهمية الابتكارات المالية بالنسبة للصناعة المالية الإسلامية، كما تقوم الدراسة بدراسة حالة المصارف الإسلامية في دولة قطر للوقوف على تطبيقاتها المتعلقة بموضوع الاستدامة ومنتجاتها، وفي الأخير تقدم الدراسة مقترحًا للموجهات العامة لنموذج التمويل المستدام المبتكر؛ وقد تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي في هذه الدراسة مع الاستعانة بالمنهج التحليلي في بعض جزئياتها. وقد خلصت الدراسة إلى جملة من النتائج والتوصيات منها الأهمية البالغة للابتكار المالي بالنسبة للمؤسسات المالية الإسلامية، وتميّز البيئة التنظيمية المحفزة في دولة قطر لتحقيق أهداف التنمية المستدامة، وضرورة الاهتمام بشكل أكبر بتطوير منتجات التمويل الإسلامي بما يتوائم مع المقاصد الشرعية الداعمة لمتطلبات الاستدامة.
Comparison between fractionated dose with bolus dose in Spinal Anaesthesia for haemodynamic stability and duration of analgesia in patients undergoing elective Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS)
Authors: Hossain Md Munjur , Biswas Biplab , Mohanta Pankaj Kumar , Hassan Muhammad Masud , Basu Plabon , Islam Farhana
Published: October 2020

Background: Elective or emergency caesarean sections are routinely done under spinal anaesthesia (SA) with bolus dose of local anaesthetic drugs. Objective: To compared fractionated dose with bolus dose in SA for haemodynamic stability and duration of analgesia in patients undergoing elective lower segment caesarean section (LSCS).

Methods: The present study was carried out in the Department of Anaesthesiology, Ad-din Akij Medical College Hospital, Khulna from January 2018 to December 2018 on sixty female patients (thirty in each group) of the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I–III, age from 18 to 40 years, height from 140 to 180 cm, singleton pregnancies scheduled for elective LSCS under SA. Patients with pre-existing diseases or pregnancy-induced hypertension, cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, any contraindication to SA, those weighing <50 kg or >110 kg and those taller than 180 cm or shorter than 140 cm and severely altered mental status, spine deformities or history of laminectomy were excluded from the study.

Results: The mean duration of analgesia was statistically significant (p<0.05) between two groups. Mean pulse rate- after 5 min, after 10 min, after 15 min, after 30 min, after 45 min and after 60 min were significantly (p<0.05) higher in group F than group B. Mean arterial pressure- before given study drug, after 0 min, after 5 min, after 10 min, after 15 min, after 30 min, after 45 min and after 60 min were not significantly (p>0.05) between two group. 14 patients (46.7%) in group B and 5 patients (16.7%) in group F required vasopressor. The difference was significant (p<0.05) between two groups.

Conclusion: Separation process in which a certain quantity of a mixture dose of SA provides better haemodynamic stability and longer period of analgesia compare to bolus dose in patients undergoing elective caesarean section.

Mediscope Vol. 7, No. 2: July 2020, Page 95-102
Practice of contraceptive methods among the outdoor patients in a tertiary level hospital
Authors: Islam Serajul , Saha Sanjoy , Ahmed Khan Shakil , Islam Mir Moyeedul , Nargis Susmita , Bishwas Kishore Kumar
Published: October 2020

The study to determine the practice contraceptive method among married women attended in the out-door patients in Ad-din Sakina Women’s Medical College Hospital from 2nd November to 12th November in 2015. Nine hundred thirty five married women were interview on practice of contraceptive methods. Result shows highest number of choice among the respondents was oral pill, followed by condom, injection, IUCD. Through, contraceptive methods acceptance rate is increased still unmet need for contraceptive method was present. The country should come forward to face the challenges to safe country from disaster of over population.

Mediscope Vol. 7, No. 2: July 2020, Page 113-116
A Geographic Information System for Managing and Mapping Irrigation Infrastructure
Authors: Insani Rachmat Wahid Saleh , Agustini Syarifah Putri
Published: October 2020

Indonesia is one of the world's major agricultural nation which offers wide diversity of tropical products and agricultural commodities produced in substantial number of agricultural areas. Some of these areas are equipped with irrigation infrastructures which delivers water management throughout the land. Irrigation helps grow agricultural crops, maintain landscapes, and revegetation disturbed soils in dry areas. Water resources are finite while cyclic droughts on agricultural areas affecting the amount of water remains, thus creating unbalanced water demand and supply. Therefore, building an effective plan and management for irrigation infrastructure must be conducted using reliable information. The objective of this study is to develop a geographic information system to help managing and mapping process of irrigation infrastructure, such as flood gate and water ways. This system also helps to manage all the irrigation area and infrastructure data by providing geological information, search, and managing database function. We developed a web application for system interactivities. We also work together with Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Penataan Ruang of Kabupaten Kubu Raya, as they are managing nearest irrigation land which available to be inspected for research. The system has been tested in a real-life case study. As a result, the system enhances the efficient management of irrigation area and infrastructure data. Users stated that this geographic information system has many benefits to irrigation area management., i.e, ensuring data authorization with user information when data is recorded, real time image capture for each irrigation infrastructure, and digital maps to gain a wide overview of irrigation area information on Kabupaten Kubu Raya
“Bahar Ve Kelebekler” Hikâyesinde “Yeni Lisan” Makalesinden Yansımalar
Authors: YANARDAĞ Mehmet Fetih
Published: October 2020

Genç Kalemler denince akla ilk gelen şey, “Yeni Lisan” hareketidir. “Yeni Lisan” makalesi ilk defa derginin II. Cildin birinci sayısında yayınlanır. “Yeni Lisan” hareketi Genç Kalemler Mecmuası’nın 11 Nisan 1911 tarihli sayısında “Yeni Lisan” makalesi ile başlar. Türkçenin sadeleşme tarihinde önemli bir yer tutan “Yeni Lisan Hareketi” edebi olmaktan çok fikri ve sosyal bir harekettir. “Yeni Lisan” makalesinde uzun zamandan beri bir sisteme oturtulamayan “Dilde Sadeleşme Meselesi”nin adeta kanunları ortaya konur ve Genç Kalemler mecmuası hem bu prensiplerin uygulayıcısı hem de savunucusu olur. “Yeni Lisan” makalesi sadece Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı bakımından değil, o yıllarda başlayan yeni bir fikir ve ideoloji hareketinin de bir çeşit beyannamesi olarak kabul edilir. Esasen hemen her dönemde, içten içe varlığını bildiğimiz dilde sadeleşme isteğinin, zaman içerisinde yeni bir merhalesi olarak görülen bu hareketin memlekette hüküm süren fikir hayatındaki ikiliklerden, yazı ve konuşma dilindeki ikiliklere kadar, birbirine uymayan sıkıntılı durumları ortadan kaldırmak için, “Genç Kalemler” ce özel olarak ortaya atılmış olduğu bir gerçektir. “Genç Kalemler” etrafındaki ilk halkayı, tesadüflerin bir araya getirdiği Ali Canib, Ömer Seyfettin ve Ziya Gökalp üçlüsü teşkil eder. Ali Canib Ömer Seyfettin ile mektuplaşmaktadır. Ömer Seyfettin mektupların birinde dil hakkındaki görüşlerini ortaya koyar. Burada ortaya konulan çağırı fikirleri, ileride dalga dalga genişleyip gelişecek olan, denize atılmış ilk taşları oluşturur. Ömer Seyfettin uzunca bir mektupla birlikte “Yeni Lisan” makalesini Ali Canib’e gönderir. Böylece bu makalenin adı, bu yüzyılın başında yapılan bilgili ve şuurlu dil hareketinin de adı olur. Ömer Seyfettin’in “Bahar ve Kelebekler” başlıklı hikâyesi ilk kez “Genç Kalemler” dergisinin 1911 yılındaki 26. sayısında yayınlanır. Yazarın bu hikâyesi “Yeni Lisan” makalesinde ortaya konulan Milli Edebiyat anlayışına uygun olarak kaleme alınmıştır. Ömer Seyfettin’in hikâyeleri içinde önemli bir yere sahip olan bu hikâyesi bu düşünceyle incelenmeye değerdir. Bu çalışmada “Yeni Lisan” makalesi merkez alınacak ve burada ortaya konulan fikir ve düşüncelerin “Bahar ve Kelebekler” hikâyesindeki izlerine, etkisine ve yansımalarına bakılacak ve ortaya konulan bulgular irdelenecektir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Ömer Seyfettin, Bahar ve Kelebekler, Yeni Lisan, Etki
Finlandiya Erken Çocukluk Eğitimi
Authors: DURAN Munise , TAŞTEKİN Ayşe Nazenin
Published: October 2020

Erken çocukluk eğitimi tüm dünyada üzerinde önemle durulan eğitim basamaklarından biridir. Ülkelerin bu konuda birbirlerini etkilemeleri programların geliştirilmesi açısından vazgeçilmez bir unsurdur. Finlandiya’nın son yıllarda eğitimdeki başarısı eğitim programları için örnek teşkil etmektedir. Bu bağlamda bu araştırmanın amacı Finlandiya erken çocukluk eğitimini çeşitli değişkenler (amacı, dili, süresi, kapsamı vb.) açısından incelemektir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizinin kullanıldığı bu çalışmada Finlandiya erken çocukluk eğitimi derinlemesine incelenmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulguların sonuçlarına göre; Finlandiya’da erken çocukluk eğitimi yerel yönetimlerin sorumluluğunda ebeveynlerin yükümlülüğüne bırakılmıştır. Erken çocukluk eğitimi anaokullarında verilen okul öncesi eğitim, gündüz bakım ve aile gündüz bakım evlerinde gerçekleştirilen etkinlikler ve açık havada ya da uygun mekânlarda yapılan aktivitelerle gerçekleşmektedir. Okul öncesi eğitim zorunlu eğitime başlanmadan bir önceki yıl Fince, İsveççe ve Sami dillerinde ücretsiz olarak yürütülmektedir. Programın temel hedefi aile ile iş birliği içinde, çocuğun büyüme, gelişme ve öğrenme koşullarını iyileştirmek, oyun ve olumlu öğrenme deneyimleri ile çocukların sosyal becerilerini geliştirerek olumlu benlik algısını güçlendirmektir. Bu amaçla müzikal, güzel sanatlar, el sanatları, sözlü ve fiziksel anlatım, matematik etkinlikleri, teknoloji ve çevre etkinlikleri, fiziksel aktivite, gıda, tüketim, sağlık ve güvenlik etkinlikleri planlanmaktadır.
Okullardaki Örgütsel Belirsizlik Düzeyini Belirleme Ölçeği'nin Geliştirilme Çalışması
Authors: TOYTOK Esef , YAVUZ Merve
Published: October 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı yönetici ve öğretmenlerin okullarda karşılaştıkları belirsizlik durumları karşısında verdikleri tepkileri belirlemek ve buna etki eden değişkenleri incelemektir. Bu araştırma bir ölçek geliştirme çalışmasıdır. Pilot uygulamanın evreni Siirt’in Kurtalan ilçesindeki, ikinci uygulamanın evreni ise Siirt il merkezindeki devlet okullarında görev yapan yönetici ve öğretmenlerdir. Uygun örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verileri, araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen “Okullardaki Örgütsel Belirsizlik Ölçeği” ile toplanmıştır. Ölçek geliştirme sürecinde; ilk olarak literatür taranmıştır, ardından sorular oluşturularak alan uzmanı görüşü alınmıştır. Açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile geliştirilen ölçeğin güvenirlik ve geçerliliği test edilmiştir. Bunun sonucunda ölçek, 25 maddeli ve Örgütsel Belirsizliğe Dayalı (ÖBD) Örgütsel Olumsuzluklar, ÖBD Yönetsel Uygulamalar ve ÖBD Bireysel Olumsuzluklar olmak üzere üç boyutlu bir yapıya sahiptir. Elde edilen ölçeğin istenilen teorik yapıyı yüksek oranda ölçtüğü saptanmıştır.
Pengadaan Fasilitas, Pengolahan Dan Pemanfaatan Sampah Guna Menuju Desa Sejahtera Mandiri
Authors: Marlina Ena , Ma'as Hamzah As'at Nursalim , Hidayatullah Agung Rahmat , Mastur Fahmi Husaini , Setia Effendi Fikki Bisma , Rochman Annas Nuur Fadhillahtur , Tanaya Galang Jalu , Nurlaila Siti , Zulfa Naily , Amaria R. Ellen , Febriana Sari Wiwik Dyah
Published: October 2020

Aktivitas keseharian manusia akan menghasilkan sampah, begitu juga dengan yang terjadi di Desa Wonoagung Kecamatan Tirtoyudo, Malang. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini membahas mengenai bagaimana proses pengelolaan sampah yang belum terstruktur dengan baik, dikarenakan proses dalam pengelolaan sampah belum memadai serta fasilitas dan kesadaran masyarakat desa Wonoagung masih perlu di tingkatkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah  untuk mengetahui sistem pengelolaan sampah di Desa Wonoagung Kecamatan Tirtoyudo Kabupaten Malang. Metode yang digunakandalam program ini adalah menggunakan cara survei lokasi dengan melibatkan pertisipan. Partisipan yang digunakan adalah perwakilan dari tokoh masyarakat yang mengetahui langsung permasalahan yang ada, ketua RT RW, kepala desa serta perangkat desa. Dari hasil menyatakan bahwa pengelolaan dampah di Desa Wonoagung masih kurang baik, dikarenakan belum adanya faslilitas untuk membuang sampah serta tingkat kesadaran masyarakat yang masih rendah akan pentingnya menjaga lingkungan tetap bersih. aran yang bisa diberikan adalah mengadakan failitas untuk warga dalam membuang sampah (tempat sampah), melakukan kerja sama dengan bank sampah dalam pengelolaan sampahnya dengan melakukan sosialisasi tentang pengelolaan sampah yang baik dan benar,  serta membuat jadwal rutin kerja bakti dalam membuat lingkungan bersih.
Pemanfaatan Sampah Organik Untuk Pengolahan Kompos
Authors: Sekarsari Retno Wulan , Halifah Nurifatul , Rahman Trisnawati Hasdiah , Farida Anis Jauharotul , Asmara Kandi Makdum Ibrahim , Nurfadilla Estining Apsari , Anwar Mohammad Miftahul , Almu Fakhri Fansuri , Arroji Surya Ariansyah , Arifaldi Dana Fauzana , Fuadah Zuhriatul
Published: October 2020

Meningkatnya jumlah penduduk dan kegiatan manusia dalam suatu daerah maka semakin tinggi jumlah sampah yang dihasilkan. Dibutuhkan cara pengelolaan yang lebih baik agar sampah tidak menjadi masalah bagi lingkungan. Pola pengelolaan sampah dengan cara pengumpulan, pengangkutan serta pembuangan di tempat akhir sampah tidak dapat menyelesaikan persoalan ini. Disamping berbiaya tinggi pola ini juga menghasilkan volume sampah yang dibuang tidak terkurangi, diketahui bahwa TPA memiliki daya tampung dan usia pemakaian maksimal. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasikan komposisi sampah di salah satu sumber penghasil sampah yaitu rumah penduduk Desa Wonoayu Kecamatan Wajak, serta memberikan solusi lebih ekonomis dan efisien dalam penanganan sampah yang dihasilkan khususnya sampah organik. Metode yang dilaksanakan menggunakan eksperimen dengan subjek sampah organik yang dihasilkan dari rumah penduduk. Bahan kompos yang terbaik untuk dilakukan proses pengomposan adalah sampah sayur plus kotoran ternak dengan penambahan 10 ml EM-4 (kompos variasi A). Dukungan warga masyarakat terutama Wanita Tani Desa dan Ibu-Ibu PKK serta remaja sangat diharapkan untuk melaksanakan dan melanjutkan program ini.
Pembelajaran Kontekstual Dalam Mewujudkan Merdeka Belajar
Authors: Suhartoyo Eko , Wailissa Sitti Ainun , Jalarwati Saika , Samsia Samsia , Wati Surya , Qomariah Nur , Dayanti Elly , Maulani Imas , Mukhlish Imam , Rizki Azhari Muhammad Holqi , Muhammad Isa Hidayatulloh , Maulana Amin Ilham
Published: October 2020

Gagasan merdeka belajar yang disampaikan oleh Mendikbud bahwa salah satunya adalah pembelajaran itu harus menyenangkan, tidak membuat peserta didik merasa tertekan, peserta didik bebas memilih arah kreatifitas mereka sendiri. Adapun peran seorang guru tidak lagi menjadi satu satunya sumber belajar, sebaliknya seorang guru yang dapat membantu peserta didik menemukan bakat mereka sendiri. Desa Sukorejo masih banyak memiliki lingkungan yang pure belum banyak diubah oleh teknologi, kemerdekaan belajar dapat diwujudkan melalui pembeljaran kontekstual learning dengan cara guru menggunakan pendekatan humanis. Peserta didik di berikan materi yang hubungannya dekat dengan lingkungan mereka. Kemerdekaan belajar memang seharusnya diterapka dilingkungan belajar peserta didik, karena hal ini sangat menentukan output sekolah, terlebih jika peserta didik dipandang sebagai insan kamil, bukan sebauh robot yang harus memenuhi perintah tuannya sama persis 100%.
Penerapan Pendidikan Karakter Dalam Meningkatkan Program Pembelajaran Pemberdayaan Masyarakat
Authors: Sulistiono Muhammad , Arifah Afifatu Nur , Al Arifi Ahmad Musyadad , Adzim Angga Chidlomul , Anggraeni Devi Alifna , Fitriana Dewy Nur , Hadi Ella Amalia , Dwi Andriyani Ervina Rahma , Yafie Ilham Ali , Kusumaningrum Lintang Dewi , Azizah Luluk
Published: October 2020

Desa Ketawang Kecamatan Gondanglegi merupakan sebuah desa yang terletak di salah satu Kabupaten yang terletak di Provinsi Jawa Timur yaitu Kabupaten Malang. Desa ini secara geografis berada di Kabupaten Malang bagian selatan, yang mana untuk bagian selatan berbatasan dengan Desa Putat Lor, bagian utara berbatasan dengan Desa Putukrejo, bagian barat berbatasan dengan Desa Ganjar dan bagian timur berbatasan dengan Desa Urek-urek. Karena Desa ini terletak di bagian Malang Selatan yakni termasuk salah satu akses atau jalan utama menuju pantai selatan sehingga biasanya terjadi kepadatan lalu lintas ketika hari libur. Universitas sebagai penyelanggara Tri-Dharma Perguruan Tinggi khususnya Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) bersinergi dalam membangun daerah. Dengan adanya program KKN-PPM ini maka secara signifikan akan mendorong masyarakat melalui pendidikan. Dengan metode partisipatif yang mana sasaran dari Pelaksanaan KKN-PPM adalah masyarakat Desa Ketawang. Dalam melaksanakan kegiatan KKN PPM, peserta KKN PPM 2020 berpartisipasi dalam bidang pendidikan karakter, kebudayaan berbasis kearifan lokal dan administrasi desa. Dimana dalam bidang pendidikan peserta terjun ke sekolah setempat, kegiatan pendidikan lain serta dengan diadakannya lomba anak, guna mewadahi potensi aanka serta mengembangkan kretivitas anak. Termasuk dalam bidang administrasi desa peserta berperan aktif dalam kegiatan kantor desa, serta kegiatan masyarakat sekitar.