bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPDH2 forms spots at branching sites and distal ends of astrocyte stem processes
Authors: Toyoda Saori , Handa Takehisa , Yong Huang , Takahashi Hidehiko , Shiwaku Hiroki
Published: November 2023

Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is a rate‐limiting enzyme in the de novo GTP biosynthesis pathway. Recent studies suggest that IMPDH2, an isoform of IMPDH, can localize to specific subcellular compartments under certain conditions and regulate site‐specific GTP availability and small GTPase activity in invasive cancer cells. However, it is unclear whether IMPDH2 plays a site‐specific regulatory role in subcellular functions in healthy cells. In this study, we focused on brain cells and examined the localization pattern of IMPDH2. We discovered that IMPDH2 forms localized spots in the astrocytes of the adult mouse hippocampus. Further analysis of spot distribution in primary astrocyte cultures revealed that IMPDH2 spots are predominantly localized on branching sites and distal ends of astrocyte stem processes. Our findings suggest a potential unidentified role for IMPDH2 and GTP synthesis specifically at specialized nodes of astrocyte branches.
Older adults' needs and preferences for a nutrition education digital health solution: A participatory design study
Authors: Turner Ashlee , Flood Victoria M. , LaMonica Haley M.
Published: November 2023

Background

The global population is ageing rapidly and there is a need for strategies to promote health and wellbeing among older adults. Nutrition knowledge is a key predictor of dietary intake; therefore, effective educational programmes are urgently required to rectify poor dietary patterns. Digital health technologies provide a viable option for delivering nutrition education that is cost‐effective and widely accessible. However, few technologies have been developed to meet the unique needs and preferences of older adults.

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore technology use among older adults and qualitatively determine the content needs and design preferences for an online nutrition education resource tailored to older adult consumers in Australia.

Methods

Twenty adult participants aged 55 years and older (95% female) participated in one of four 2‐h participatory design workshops. In each workshop, prompted discussion questions were used to explore participants' technology use and preferences and to explore content needs and design preferences for an online nutrition education resource specific to older adults.

Results

All participants were regularly using a range of different devices (e.g., smartphones, tablets and computers) and reported being comfortable doing so. Participants wanted a website that provided general nutrition information, practical advice and recipes. To enhance engagement, they sought a personalised resource that could be adjusted to suit their needs, included up‐to‐date information and allowed for easy sharing with others by exporting information as a PDF.

Conclusions

Participatory design methods generate new knowledge for designing and tailoring digital health technologies to be appropriate and useful for the target audience. Specifically, older adults seek an online resource that has large and simple fonts with clear categories, providing them with practical advice and general nutrition information that can be personalised to suit their own needs and health concerns, with the option to export and print information into a paper‐based format.

Patient or Public Contribution

Older adults actively participated in the development and evaluation process to generate ideas about potential features, functionalities, uses and practicalities of an online nutrition education resource.
Propositive follow‐up: Long‐term immune responses to the 4CMenB and MenACWY vaccines in people living with HIV
Authors: San Francisco Ramos Alberto , Isitt Catherine , Athaide Shehnaz , Ladhani Shamez N. , Andrews Nicholas J. , Townsend‐Payne Kelly , Holland Ann , Louth Jennifer , Borrow Ray , Heath Paul T. , Cosgrove Catherine A.
Published: November 2023

Background

People living with HIV have an increased risk of meningococcal disease. The Propositive trial evaluated co‐administration of two doses of a four‐component recombinant protein‐based MenB vaccine (4CMenB) and a quadrivalent conjugate polysaccharide MenACWY vaccine (MenACWY‐CRM197) given 1 month apart in people with HIV. The follow‐up trial assessed the immunogenicity of these vaccines at 1.5 and 2.5 years after primary vaccination.

Methods

Participants who completed the parent Propositive trial were invited to the follow‐up study. Immunogenicity analysis was performed at 18 and 30 months after primary vaccination. Primary outcome measures were serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) geometric mean titres (GMTs) against three MenB reference strains and the proportion of participants maintaining a protective SBA titre of ≥4 at 18 and 30 months. Secondary outcome measures were SBA GMTs against MenA, C, W, and Y serogroups and the proportion of participants maintaining a protective SBA titre of ≥8 at 18 and 30 months. The trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT042394300).

Results

A total of 40 participants aged 22–47 years were enrolled. Geometric mean titres waned by 18 and 30 months but remained higher than pre‐vaccination for all MenB strains and MenA, C, W, and Y. In total, 75%–85% of participants retained protective SBA titres by 30 months against individual MenB strains, whereas 68.8% of patients retained protective antibody titres against all three MenB strains. Antibodies against MenC waned more rapidly than did those against MenA, W, and Y. The proportion of participants with protective titres against MenC at 30 months was also lower (46.9%) than that with protective titres against MenA (87.5%), W (78.1%), and Y (87.5%).

Conclusions

Immune responses against MenB in our cohort of people living with HIV at 2.5 years of follow‐up were reassuring, with 68.8% of participants retaining protection against all three reference strains. However, responses against MenC were lower than those against MenA, W, and Y serogroups.
Financial stressors and alternative financial service use: Extending the ABC‐X model of family stress
Authors: Fan Lu , Green Leslie E. , Park Narang
Published: November 2023

Thie study's purpose was to examine factors associated with alternative financial service (AFS) use among US consumers. The conceptual framework for this study was developed from the ABC‐X model of family stress with the purpose of identifying the interrelationships among financial stressors, economic hardship, negative credit experiences, and the use of AFS. Using the U.S. National Financial Well‐Being Survey and the structural equation modeling method, the results showed that financial stressor was not directly related to AFS use but were through two indirect routes: the financial stressor was positively linked to negative credit experience and then to AFS use; the financial stressor was positively linked to economic hardship, to negative credit experience, and then to AFS use. Economic hardship was positively associated with consumers' negative credit experiences. Negative credit experience was positively associated with the use of alternative financial services. The findings provide theoretical and practical implications.
Nosocomial COVID‐19 infection in the era of vaccination and antiviral therapy
Authors: McNeil Thomas , Zhang Frank , Moffatt Samuel , Emeto Theophilus I. , Tucker Emily
Published: November 2023

Background and Aims

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccination and antiviral therapies have altered the course of the COVID‐19 pandemic through mitigating severe illness and death. However, immunocompromised, elderly and multimorbid patients remain at risk of poor outcomes and are overrepresented in hospital populations. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients with nosocomial COVID‐19 infection.

Methods

This was a retrospective, observational study of patients who acquired COVID‐19 after 7 days of hospital admission within the Southern Adelaide Local Health Network (SALHN) in South Australia between 1 June 2022 and 30 November 2022. Data were ascertained from the electronic medical record and the South Australian registry of births, deaths and marriages.

Results

Of 1084 COVID‐19 inpatient cases managed in SALHN, 295 (27%) were nosocomial, with 215 included in the study. The median age of patients was 80 years (interquartile range [IQR], 68–88 years), the median Charlson Comorbidity Index score was 5 (IQR, 4–7) and 6% were immunocompromised. Most nosocomial COVID‐19 infections were of mild severity (81%). The 30‐day all‐cause mortality rate following COVID‐19 infection was 6%, and, in most cases, a cause of death other than COVID‐19 was recorded on the death certificate.

Conclusion

The majority of cases of nosocomial COVID‐19 infection were mild, with a lower mortality rate than in earlier studies. This finding is likely attributable to immunity through vaccination and prior infection, early antiviral therapy and attenuated severity of the Omicron variant. The high proportion of nosocomial infections supports ongoing infection control measures.
LRP4 mutations, dental anomalies, and oral exostoses
Authors: Kantaputra Piranit , Panichkul Weena , Sillapasorn Parisri , Adisornkanj Ploy , Kitsadayurach Panita , Kaewgaya Massupa , Intachai Worrachet , Olsen Bjorn , Ngamphiw Chumpol , Leethanakul Chidchanok , Jatooratthawichot Peeranat , Ketudat Cairns James R. , Tongsima Sissades
Published: November 2023

Background

In order to generate a normal set of teeth, fine‐tuning of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling is required, in which WNT ligands bind to their inhibitors or WNT inhibitors bind to their co‐receptors. Lrp4 regulates the number of teeth and their morphology by modulating Wnt/β‐catenin signaling as a Wnt/β‐catenin activator or inhibitor, depending on its interactions with the partner proteins, such as Sostdc1 and Dkk1.

Aim

To investigate genetic etiologies of dental anomalies involving LRP4 in a Thai cohort of 250 children and adults with dental anomalies.

Design

Oral and radiographic examinations and whole exome sequencing were performed for every patient.

Results

Two novel (p.Leu1356Arg and p.Ala1702Gly) and three recurrent (p.Arg263His, p.Gly1314Ser, and p.Asn1385Ser) rare variants in low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 4 (LRP4: MIM 604270) were identified in 11 patients. Oral exostoses were observed in five patients.

Conclusion

Antagonism of Bmp signaling by Sostdc1 requires the presence of Lrp4. Mice lacking Lrp4 have been demonstrated to have alteration of Wnt–Bmp–Shh signaling and an abnormal number of incisors. Therefore, the LRP4 mutations found in our patients may disrupt Wnt–Bmp–Shh signaling, thereby resulting in dental anomalies and oral exostoses. Root maldevelopment in the patients suggests an important role of LRP4 in root morphogenesis.
Relationship among five categories of spiritual practices and five forms of well‐being: An empirical examination
Authors: Pawar Badrinarayan S.
Published: November 2023

This study notes that the existing literature suggests an important role for spirituality and religion in enhancing well‐being, and it hypothesizes the relationships of five categories of spiritual practices – religious practices, spiritual practices, existentialistic practices, humanistic practices and gratitude/awe‐related practices – with five forms of well‐being – physical well‐being, emotional well‐being, social well‐being, psychological well‐being and spiritual well‐being. In particular, this study develops an overall hypothesis specifying that the spiritual practices will be positively associated with five forms of well‐being and also develops four differential relationship hypotheses specifying that certain specific type of spiritual practices will have stronger associations with particular forms of well‐being. The results supported the overall hypothesis as the five spiritual practice categories collectively accounted for a statistically significant variance of 12% in physical well‐being, 14% in emotional well‐being, 29% in psychological well‐being, 28% in social well‐being and 40% in spiritual well‐being. The study results also provided varying levels of support for each of the remaining four differential relationship hypotheses, specifying that certain specific types of spiritual practices will have stronger associations with particular well‐being forms. The study makes significant theoretical contributions, provides directions for future research and has important implications for practice.
Synergic effect of photocatalysis and tribocatalysis for dye degradation by BaTiO3 ceramics
Authors: Gaur Akshay , Porwal Chirag , Chauhan Vishal Singh , Vaish Rahul
Published: November 2023

Tribocatalysis is one of the emerging processes for organic dye degradation application. The process uses mechanical energy as a source for breaking down organic pollutants present in water. The synergistic effect of two catalysis processes for eliminating organic pollutants, here in the present study photocatalysis an advanced oxidation process is integrated with the tribocatalysis process for enhancing the degradation efficiency of the tribocatalysis process by using BaTiO3 ceramic powder as a catalyst. The responsible factors for dye degradation via the tribocatalysis process such as surface roughness of the materials utilized, force applied, and energy band gap of the catalyst are also studied. The Methylene Blue dye's degradation was ∼39%, ∼60%, and ∼76 % through tribocatalysis, photocatalysis, and photo‐tribocatalysis respectively by using 400 mg BaTiO3 ceramic powder in 8 h. The synergistic effect of photocatalysis and tribocatalysis process showed enhanced degradation compared to individual processes.
Safety culture in maternity hospital: Perception of nurse‐midwives
Authors: Brás Cláudia Patrícia da Costa , Figueiredo Maria do Céu Aguiar Barbieri de , Ferreira Manuela Maria Conceição
Published: November 2023

Aim

To explore nurse‐midwives' perceptions of safety culture in maternity hospitals.

Design

A descriptive phenomenological study was conducted using focus groups and reported following the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research.

Methods

Data were obtained through two online focus group sessions in June 2022 with 13 nurse‐midwives from two maternity hospitals in the central region of Portugal. The first focus group comprised 6 nurse‐midwives, and the second comprised 7 nurse‐midwives. Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis.

Findings

Two main themes emerged from the data: (i) barriers to promoting a safety culture; (ii) safety culture promotion strategies. The first theme is supported by four categories: ineffective communication, unproductive management, instability in teams and the problem of errors in care delivery. The second theme is supported by two categories: managers' commitment to safety and the promotion of effective communication.

Conclusion

The study results show that the safety culture in maternity hospitals is compromised by ineffective communication, team instability, insufficient allocation of nurse‐midwives, a prevailing punitive culture and underreporting of adverse events. These highlight the need for managers to commit to providing better working conditions, encourage training with the development of a fairer safety culture and encourage reporting and learning from mistakes. There is also a need to invest in team leaders who allow better conflict management and optimization of communication skills is essential.

Impact

Disseminating these results will provide relevance to the safety culture problem, allowing greater awareness of nurse‐midwives and managers about vulnerable areas, and lead to the implementation of effective changes for safe maternal and neonatal care.

Patient or Public Contribution

There was no patient or public contribution as the study only concerned service providers, that is, nurse‐midwives themselves.
METTL3/YTHDF2 m6A axis mediates the progression of diabetic nephropathy through epigenetically suppressing PINK1 and mitophagy
Authors: Wang Fangfang , Bai Juan , Zhang Xin , Wang Dali , Zhang Xin , Xue Jingwen , Chen Haoyang , Wang Shuxiang , Chi Baojin , Li Jing , Ma Xiaoru
Published: November 2023

Aims

This research aimed to investigate the specific mechanism of methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3) in the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD).

Materials and Methods

The model of diabetic kidney disease was established with HK‐2 cells and mice in vitro and in vivo. The N6 methyladenosine (m6A) contents in the cells and tissues were detected with a commercial kit and the m6A levels of PTEN induced putative kinase 1 (PINK2) were detected with a MeRIP kit. The mRNA and protein levels were determined with RT‐qPCR and western blot. The ROS, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 levels were assessed with ELISA. The cell proliferative ability was measured by a CCK‐8 assay and cell apoptosis was determined with TUNEL staining. The HE and Masson staining was performed to observe the renal morphology. The RIP assay was conducted to detect the interaction between METTL3/YTHDF2 and PINK1.

Results

The m6A content and METTL3 levels were prominently elevated in diabetic kidney disease. METTL3 silencing promoted the cell growth and the expression of LC3 II, PINK1, and Parkin, while inhibiting the cell apoptosis and the expression of LC3 I and p62 in the high glucose (HG) stimulated HK‐2 cells. METTL3 silencing also decreased the ROS, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 levels in diabetic kidney disease. PINK1 silencing neutralized the function of sh‐METTL3 in the HG stimulated HK‐2 cells. The HE and Masson staining showed that METTL3 silencing alleviated the kidney injury induced by DKD. METTL3 silencing decreased the m6A levels of PINK1, while increased the mRNA levels of PINK1 which depended on YTHDF2.

Conclusions

METTL3 silencing could inhibit the progression of diabetic nephropathy in vivo and in vitro by regulating the m6A modification of PINK1, which depends on YTHDF2. Our research lays the theoretical foundation for the precise treatment of diabetic kidney disease and the development of targeted drugs in the future.
Ultrasound‐assisted chlorogenic acid‐grafted chitosan soaking of sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus) fillets to reduce protein oxidation and maintain gel properties
Authors: Yang Xin , Lan Weiqing , Sun Xiaohong
Published: November 2023

The perishability of aquatic products is a challenge for the processing of aquatic products, so it is better to choose suitable preservatives to prevent the degradation of proteins and the fission of their gel properties. Thus, this study investigated the effects of ultrasound‐assisted chlorogenic acid grafted chitosan (GUA) soaking of sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus) fillets on protein oxidation and gelation properties. The results showed that GUA could reduce the formation of protein carbonyls and maintain Ca2+‐ATPase activity. Intrinsic fluorescence intensity (IFI) and SDS‐PAGE results demonstrated that GUA stabilized the tertiary structure of protein and inhibited protein degradation. Interestingly, ultrasound attenuated the protein aggregation induced by the use of chitosan‐grafted‐chlorogenic acid (CS‐g‐CA), which has good particle size during storage. Meanwhile, GUA treatment endowed the gel with a dense network microstructure, increased water holding capacity (WHC), reduced water mobility, and improved MP gel color as well as textural properties.
Association of a calcium channel blocker and diuretic prescribing cascade with adverse events: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Rochon Paula A. , Austin Peter C. , Normand Sharon‐Lise , Savage Rachel D. , Read Stephanie H. , McCarthy Lisa M. , Giannakeas Vasily , Wu Wei , Strauss Rachel , Wang Xuesong , Chen Simon , Gurwitz Jerry H.
Published: November 2023

Background

Prescribing cascades occur when a drug adverse event is misinterpreted as a new medical condition and a second, potentially unnecessary drug, is prescribed to treat the adverse event. The population‐level consequences of prescribing cascades remain unknown.

Methods

This population‐based cohort study used linked health administrative databases in Ontario, Canada. The study included community‐dwelling adults, 66 years of age or older with hypertension and no history of heart failure (HF) or diuretic use in the prior year, newly dispensed a calcium channel blocker (CCB). Individuals subsequently dispensed a diuretic within 90 days of incident CCB dispensing were classified as the prescribing cascade group, and compared to those not dispensed a diuretic, classified as the non‐prescribing cascade group. Those with and without a prescribing cascade were matched one‐to‐one on the propensity score and sex. The primary outcome was a serious adverse event (SAE), which was the composite of emergency room visits and hospitalizations in the 90‐day follow‐up period. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for SAE using an Andersen–Gill recurrent events regression model.

Results

Among 39,347 older adults with hypertension and no history of HF who were newly dispensed a CCB, 1881 (4.8%) had a new diuretic dispensed within 90 days after CCB initiation. Compared to the non‐prescribing cascade group, those in the prescribing cascade group had higher rates of SAEs (HR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.02–1.43).

Conclusions

The CCB‐diuretic prescribing cascade was associated with an increased rate of SAEs, suggesting harm beyond prescribing a second drug therapy. Our study raises awareness of the downstream impact of the CCB‐diuretic prescribing cascade at a population level and provides an opportunity for clinicians who identify this prescribing cascade to review their patients' medications to determine if they can be optimized.
Preliminary content and construct validity of a new model to differentiate research skills from evidence‐based practice skills: Core, Evidence Application, Research (CEAR) Model
Authors: Jordan Raeanne , Watowicz Rosanna P. , King Carrie , Phillips Catherine , Obeid Rita , Hand Rosa K.
Published: November 2023

Background

Research is the scientific basis for the profession of dietetics, as it must be located and applied in evidence‐based practice (EBP). EBP is often presented as a foundational skill for research. CEAR – Core, Evidence Application, Research – is a newly proposed model that separates Research and Evidence Application skills into distinct domains, jointly supported by a set of Core skills, thus acknowledging that education and advancement in one domain neither requires nor precipitates education and advancement in the other. The goal was to investigate the content and construct validity of the new CEAR Model.

Methods

A cross‐sectional online survey of randomly selected dietitians in the United States was used to collect CEAR domain scores, validated measures of research or EBP skills and self‐reported characteristics. Exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's α and Pearson correlation between various tools and CEAR domains were used to assess validity and reliability. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple linear regression between CEAR domains and participant characteristics were used to assess convergent and divergent validity.

Results

One hundred and fifty‐four responses with a valid CEAR score were received and led to a three‐factor solution, supporting the theorised differentiation of research from evidence application skills (content validity). Internal reliability for the CEAR Model overall and for each domain was high. The hypothesised correlations between existing research or EBP measurement tools and the relevant CEAR domains were found (construct validity). Known groups analysis demonstrated the expected differences in CEAR domain scores based on participant characteristics.

Conclusions

The CEAR Model demonstrates preliminary validity and internal reliability. It adds to the current literature by acknowledging the separateness of evidence application skills from research skills.
Comparison of anaesthesia‐related outcomes in patients monitored by newly recruited nurse anaesthetists and anaesthesiologists: An observational study
Authors: Cao Qinqin , Fan Chengjuan , Ren Xiaolei , Bai Shuling , Dong Hemin , Wei Min , Meng Haihong
Published: November 2023

Aims

To compare anaesthesia‐related outcomes between patients monitored by newly recruited nurse anaesthetists and those monitored by newly recruited anaesthesiologists.

Design

This was a retrospective study.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study that collected demographic information on newly recruited nurse anaesthetists and anaesthesiologists between 2017 and 2022 and recorded information on patients within 6 months of monitoring. Postoperative pain, emergency agitation, nausea, and vomiting were designated anaesthesia‐related outcomes. Propensity score matching was used to adjust for covariates. The study adhered to the STROBE guidelines.

Results

The study's statistical analysis included 4483 patients monitored by 22 newly recruited nurse anaesthetists and 4959 patients monitored by 23 newly recruited anaesthesiologists. Compared with patients monitored by newly trained anaesthesiologists, the patients monitored by nurse anaesthetists were younger (42.07 ± 20.00 vs. 47.39 ± 18.45 years, p < 0.001) and had a lower body mass index (23.56 ± 4.46 vs. 24.19 ± 4.25, p < 0.001). Patients monitored by anaesthesiologists had a greater proportion of women (61.62% vs. 59.25%, p < 0.001), a high proportion of ASA III and ASA IV (17.1% vs. 8.88%, p < 0.001), and a longer mean surgery duration (78.65 ± 59.01 vs. 70.70 ± 60.65 min, p < 0.001). After propensity score matching was used to adjust for covariates, no statistically significant differences were found in the prevalence of postoperative pain, emergency agitation, or postoperative nausea and vomiting between the two groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Nurse anaesthetists monitoring alone during anaesthesia maintenance is feasible and safe. The two groups had no significant differences in the incidence of postoperative pain, emergency agitation, or postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

The shortage of anaesthesiologists leads to heavy work burden and high incidence of occupational burnout among anaesthesiologists. The study found that it was safe for nurse anaesthetists to perform anaesthetic monitoring alone in the operating room under the supervision of the attending anaesthesiologist and did reduce the burden of anaesthesiologists’ work. The results of the current study contribute to the expansion of occupational categories for nurse anaesthetists in countries where anaesthesiologists are in short supply. It provides new ideas for hospital administrators and policy‐makers to formulate medical and nursing service policies.
Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in juvenile idiopathic arthritis evaluated with diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Ronsivalle Vincenzo , Marrapodi Maria Maddalena , Tirupathi Sunnypriyatham , Afnan Lamea , Cicciù Marco , Minervini Giuseppe
Published: November 2023

Background

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a very common systemic inflammatory rheumatic disorder affecting the musculoskeletal system in children below 16 years of age. Joint inflammation and tissue destruction is the prime characteristic of the disease. Along with the systemic involvement in the long joints, several studies are mentioning the increased association of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in JIA. This current systematic review intends to find the prevalence rate of TMD in JIA‐affected individuals as compared to healthy controls.

Methods

We have searched in PubMed, Scopus and Ovid SP for articles published between the timeframe 1 January 1990 and 1 June 2023. All the searched articles were subjected to the Population, Exposure, Comparison, and Outcome model (PECO) based on which inclusion or exclusion is carried out. Participants (P) are children below 18 years of age, Exposure (E) is children or adolescents with a diagnosis of JIA, Comparator is age and gender‐matched healthy controls who has no JIA or any systemic disorder, Outcome (O) is the prevalence of TMD. Only the studies that evaluated TMD using diagnostic criteria for evaluation of TMD (DC/TMD) were included in the analysis. We have set the exclusion to the following reasons‐ diagnostic sensitivity studies, case reports, and systematic reviews. The software Review Manager Version 5.4 (Cochrane Collaboration) was used to perform the pooled analysis. We measured the risk ratio (RR) between the two groups (JIA and no JIA) for the outcome TMD.

Results

The pooled total included subjects were 366 in this review with an established diagnosis of JIA as evaluated by DC/TMD. The overall effect of the pooled data suggests that there is a significant difference in the TMD prevalence in the JIA group when compared to the control, results suggest that TMD is more prevalent in the JIA group RR 3.86; 95% CI [2.59, 5.76].

Conclusion

Overall, based on the data we can suggest a positive relationship between JIA and TMD, hence presence of JIA can be a risk factor for the development of TMD. The sensitivity of DC/TMD is low when compared to magnetic resonance imaging.
High and low levels of adolescent peer status are associated longitudinally with socioevaluative concern
Authors: Field Nathan H. , Nick Elizabeth A. , Massing‐Schaffer Maya , Fox Kara A. , Nesi Jacqueline , Prinstein Mitchell J.
Published: November 2023

This study examined linear and curvilinear longitudinal associations between peer status (i.e., likeability and popularity) and socioevaluative concern, a socio‐cognitive feature characterized by attunement to judgment from peers. A sample of 716 adolescents (Mage = 16.01, SD = 1.25; 54% female; 46.5% White; 69.5% reduced‐price lunch) was assessed twice annually. Likeability and popularity were assessed with peer nominations at Time 1. Measures of general (rejection sensitivity, peer importance) and online (digital status seeking, online status importance) socioevaluative concern were obtained at Times 1 and 2. High and low levels of likeability were longitudinally associated with increased peer importance, while high and low levels of popularity were associated with increased digital status seeking, and decreased online status importance for girls.
Effects of a high‐fat and high‐carbohydrate diet on appetite regulation and central AMPK in the hypothalamus of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala)
Authors: Abasubong Kenneth Prudence , Jiang Guang‐Zhen , Guo Hui‐Xing , Wang Xi , Huang Yang‐yang , Li Xiang‐Fei , Yan‐zou Dong , Liu Wen‐bin , Desouky Hesham Eed
Published: November 2023

Adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a sensor of cellular energy changes and controls food intake. This study investigates the effect of a high‐calorie diet (high fat diet [HFD], high carbohydrate diet [HCD] and high energy diet [HED]) on appetite and central AMPK in blunt snout bream. In the present study, fish (average initial weight 45.84 ± 0.07 g) were fed the control, HFD, HCD and HED in four replicates for 12 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, the result showed that body mass index, specific growth rate, feed efficiency ratio and feed intake were not affected (p > 0.05) by dietary treatment. However, fish fed the HFD obtained a significantly higher (p < 0.05) lipid productive value, lipid gain and lipid intake than those fed the control diet, but no significant difference was attributed to others. Also, a significantly higher (p < 0.05) energy intake content was found in fish‐fed HFD, HCD and HED than those given the control diet. Long‐term HFD and HCD feeding significantly increased (p < 0.05) plasma glucose, glycated serum protein, advanced glycation end product, insulin and leptin content levels than the control group. Moreover, a significantly lower (p < 0.05) complex 1, 2 and 3 content was found in fish‐fed HFD and HCD than in the control, but no differences (p > 0.05) were attributed to those in HED. Fish‐fed HED significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) hypothalamic ampα 1 and ampα 2 expression, whereas the opposite trend was observed in the hypothalamic mammalian target of rapamycin than those in HFD and HCD compared to the control. However, hypothalamic neuropeptide y, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (pparα), acetyl‐coa oxidase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 were significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) in the HCD group, while the opposite was seen in cholecystokinin expression compared to those in the control group. Our findings indicated that the central AMPK signal pathway and appetite were modulated according to the diet's energy level to regulate nutritional status and maintain energy homoeostasis in fish.
Fossil endocarps of Menispermaceae from the late Paleocene of Paris Basin, France
Authors: Kara Eliise , Bardin Jérémie , De Franceschi Dario , Del Rio Cédric
Published: November 2023

Menispermaceae are an angiosperm family of mostly climbing plants distributed throughout tropical regions. The fruits in this family have a strong sclerified endocarp and can be used for reliable species‐level identifications, even in a fossilized form. New Paleocene‐age menispermaceous endocarps have recently been discovered in South America and Asia, while in Europe, they are mostly found in the Eocene. This paper focuses on the study of fossil endocarps belonging to Menispermaceae, found in the Petit‐Pâtis locality, which is one of the few Paleocene localities in Europe. The locality is dated to the late Paleocene (57–56 Ma) and the fossils represent flora and fauna in the Paris Basin before the onset of the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum. Lignitized fossils were photographed and their morphology was analyzed using computed tomography, scanning electron microscope, and geometric morphometric analysis. The analysis of 36 fossils belonging to Menispermaceae revealed that three genera (Stephania, Palaeosinomenium, Tinospora) were present in the late Paleocene of Paris Basin. Differences in internal morphology and a more inflated endocarp base led to a description of a new fossil species—Palaeosinomenium oisensis sp. nov. The occurrence of these genera in the Paleocene of France is consistent with the suggestion that megathermal flora was present in the Paris Basin before the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum. These three genera are currently the oldest occurrences in Europe, highlighting the connection between paleofloras of the Americas, Europe, and Asia in the Paleocene.
Isolated rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD) in the Island Study Linking Ageing and Neurodegenerative Disease (ISLAND) Sleep Study: protocol and baseline characteristics
Authors: Bramich Samantha , Noyce Alastair J. , King Anna E. , Naismith Sharon L. , Kuruvilla Maneesh Varghese , Lewis Simon J. G. , Roccati Eddy , Bindoff Aidan D. , Barnham Kevin J. , Beauchamp Leah C. , Vickers James C. , Pérez‐Carbonell Laura , Alty Jane
Published: November 2023

Isolated rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD) is a sleep disorder that is characterised by dream enactment episodes during REM sleep. It is the strongest known predictor of α‐synuclein‐related neurodegenerative disease (αNDD), such that >80% of people with iRBD will eventually develop Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, or multiple system atrophy in later life. More research is needed to understand the trajectory of phenoconversion to each αNDD. Only five ‘gold standard’ prevalence studies of iRBD in older adults have been undertaken previously, with estimates ranging from 0.74% to 2.01%. The diagnostic recommendations for video‐polysomnography (vPSG) to confirm iRBD makes prevalence studies challenging, as vPSG is often unavailable to large cohorts. In Australia, there have been no iRBD prevalence studies, and little is known about the cognitive and motor profiles of Australian people with iRBD. The Island Study Linking Ageing and Neurodegenerative Disease (ISLAND) Sleep Study will investigate the prevalence of iRBD in Tasmania, an island state of Australia, using validated questionnaires and home‐based vPSG. It will also explore several cognitive, motor, olfactory, autonomic, visual, tactile, and sleep profiles in people with iRBD to better understand which characteristics influence the progression of iRBD to αNDD. This paper details the ISLAND Sleep Study protocol and presents preliminary baseline results.
Filamin A is involved in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma aggressiveness and progression
Authors: Vitali Eleonora , Franceschini Barbara , Milana Flavio , Soldani Cristiana , Polidoro Michela A. , Carriero Roberta , Kunderfranco Paolo , Trivellin Giampaolo , Costa Guido , Milardi Giulia , Di Tommaso Luca , Torzilli Guido , Lleo Ana , Lania Andrea G. , Donadon Matteo
Published: November 2023

Background & Aims

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a primary liver tumour, characterized by poor prognosis and lack of effective therapy. The cytoskeleton protein Filamin A (FLNA) is involved in cancer progression and metastasis, including primary liver cancer. FLNA is cleaved by calpain, producing a 90 kDa fragment (FLNACT) that can translocate to the nucleus and inhibit gene transcription. We herein aim to define the role of FLNA and its cleavage in iCCA carcinogenesis.

Methods & Results

We evaluated the expression and localization of FLNA and FLNACT in liver samples from iCCA patients (n = 82) revealing that FLNA expression was independently correlated with disease‐free survival. Primary tumour cells isolated from resected iCCA patients expressed both FLNA and FLNACT, and bulk RNA sequencing revealed a significant enrichment of cell proliferation and cell motility pathways in iCCAs with high FLNA expression. Further, we defined the impact of FLNA and FLNACT on the proliferation and migration of primary iCCA cells (n = 3) and HuCCT1 cell line using silencing and Calpeptin, a calpain inhibitor. We observed that FLNA silencing decreased cell proliferation and migration and Calpeptin was able to reduce FLNACT expression in both the HuCCT1 and iCCA cells (p < .05 vs. control). Moreover, Calpeptin 100 μM decreased HuCCT1 and primary iCCA cell proliferation (p <.00001 vs. control) and migration (p < .05 vs. control).

Conclusions

These findings demonstrate that FLNA is involved in human iCCA progression and calpeptin strongly decreased FLNACT expression, reducing cell proliferation and migration.
Building and maintaining interprofessional collaborative practice in eyecare: Learnings from the Queensland Paediatric Optometry Alignment Program
Authors: Webber Ann L. , Toomey Melinda , Keay Lisa , Dai Shuan , Gole Glen A. , Newcomb Dana , McKinlay Lynne
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The Queensland Children's Hospital Paediatric Optometry Alignment Program commenced with a pilot phase to assess its feasibility, effectiveness and acceptability. This study identified the barriers that hinder effective interprofessional collaboration and the facilitators that contribute to its success, and assessed changes in optometrists' satisfaction since the pilot phase of the collaborative care programme.

Methods

Qualitative deductive and inductive content analysis was applied to open‐ended free‐text survey responses collected in 2018 from the optometrists involved in the Program's pilot phase. The responses were coded using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to categorise barriers and facilitators into key themes. Key behavioural determinants were mapped to the COM‐B (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation‐Behaviour) elements of the Behaviour Change Wheel model to identify intervention strategies. Intervention recommendations were derived from behaviour change mapping and compared with programme quality improvement initiatives. A cross‐sectional explanatory survey informed by the TDF was conducted within the current 2023 cohort, and a longitudinal comparative analysis was carried out using data from the 2018 survey.

Results

Among the 97 surveys distributed in 2018, 44 respondents participated; from this group, 38 individuals contributed a total of 200 free‐text responses. Facilitators (240 comments) outnumbered barriers (65 comments). Key facilitators were accessible and timely care, professional development, confidence and positive outcome beliefs. Barriers included communication, information handover, credibility, relationships and skill gaps. Optometrists actively engaged in the programme in 2023 reported heightened satisfaction with their involvement, increased confidence and greater engagement in paediatric eyecare delivery. However, challenges in clinical information transfer persist.

Conclusion

The interprofessional collaborative model of paediatric eyecare has contributed efficiencies within the health system by building paediatric care capacity in the community, fostering professional credibility and promoting interdisciplinary trust. Insights gained should prove valuable for other paediatric eyecare services exploring hospital‐to‐community care models.
Bipolar radiofrequency ablation between middle cardiac vein and left ventricular endocardium for intramural ventricular tachycardia originating from the left ventricular inferobasal septum
Authors: Baskovski Emir , Akyurek Omer , Altin Timucin
Published: November 2023

Ventricular tachycardia ablation in the post‐surgical patients is complicated by difficult epicardial access. Endocardial‐only ablation may lead to failure which can be prevented by mapping and ablating inside the coronary venous system. Radiofrequency ablation inside the coronary venous system is dependent on anatomical and biophysical factors. Herein we report a ventricular tachycardia case necessitating bipolar ablation between the middle cardiac vein and the left ventricular endocardium.
The Right to Food and Responsibility to Protect in North Korea: In the Face of Food Availability Decline and Food Entitlement Decline*
Authors: Heo Man‐ho
Published: November 2023

The North Korean authorities have the responsibility to protect (R2P) their people from starvation. Yet, reports of death from starvation in North Korea have been consistent since the widespread famine during the so‐called “Arduous March.” According to Amartya Sen, in a society with massive starvation and food refugees, famine crises are not merely due to food availability decline (FAD). Instead, the dominant variable in such crises is the food entitlement decline (FED) of vulnerable social groups. Therefore, since the repeated failure of the North Korean government to fulfill its responsibility justifies and obliges the international community to act, the “food entitlement” of the North Korean people needs to be further explored from social, economic, and political perspectives to help clarify and validate such international responsibility. Focusing on Kim Jong‐un's leadership since 2012, this paper explores the substance and causes of FAD and FED in North Korea and monitors any changes. To seek effective commitments from the international community, including South Korea, the current research also analyzes the impact of the persistent violation of the people's right to food on the North Korean economic‐social system and political regime, and the ensuing influence on the human rights situation with reference to the cases of Vietnam, China, and Mongolia in terms of the dichotomic social differentiation, beginnings of the civil society, and political change in the late‐communist stage.
Revisiting the forgotten “full‐right full‐left” liver division: Simplified technique and new strategical considerations for clinical implementation in Italy
Authors: de Ville de Goyet Jean , di Francesco Fabrizio , Cintorino Davide , Bici Kejd , Dona Diletta , Bonsignore Pasquale , Gruttadauria Salvatore
Published: November 2023

Background

Full‐right/full‐left liver splitting was introduced early in the 90s as part of the great wave of technical innovations that characterized that decade. One approach was to divide the liver on the right of the Cantlie's line and leave the middle hepatic vein with the left graft, with both grafts allocated to adults. Both grafts had some functional disadvantages and exposed the adult recipients to some early hepatic dysfunction, and the results were not great. An alternative approach consisted of an ex situ division of the liver, exactly along Cantlie's line, thus sharing the middle hepatic vein between the two grafts. None of these two techniques were really adopted, and there has been nearly no transplantation of this type in the last decade worldwide.

Method and results

The authors propose a variation of the latter technique that was used recently with success: The division of the liver is made simpler; the two grafts are prepared ex situ and need a simple vascular reconstruction (one venous patch on each graft); and the grafts can be implanted using very standard techniques.

Conclusion

Because candidates for liver transplantation weighing 25–60 kg (old children, teenagers, and some small adults) are often at some disadvantage in getting size‐matched livers (this range of weight is less represented in the donor population), implementing the latter technique would help provide adequate grafts for them. In Italy, where many livers offered for splitting are not used, there would be ample room for implementing this option within the actual donor pool and allocation system.
Effects of vector‐borne plant pathogen on the interactions between Diaphorina citri and its natural enemy, Harmonia axyridis
Authors: Shrestha Binita , Ibanez Freddy , Stelinski Lukasz L.
Published: November 2023

The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, is a vector of the bacterial pathogen, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) that is believed to cause huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening disease. This phytopathogen can manipulate its vectors directly by modifying behaviour and altering fitness and indirectly by reducing host plant quality, which may affect the predation efficiency of natural enemies. Little is known about how this phytopathogen may affect third tropic level predators. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if the CLas pathogen modifies interactions between D. citri and its predators. We tested whether CLas infection of psyllids indirectly affects fitness of a key predator, the lady beetle Harmonia axyridis. We provided ladybeetles with 10 infected or uninfected adult psyllids in choice bioassays and measured the consumption rate over 24 h. Similarly, 15 infected or uninfected adult psyllids were provided to ladybeetles in no‐choice bioassays and feeding rates and net weight gain of male and female beetles were measured over 5 consecutive days. Fecundity and fertility of lady beetles feeding on CLas‐infected D. citri was reduced compared with those feeding on uninfected D. citri, and oocyte development appeared diminished in those beetles feeding on infected compared with uninfected psyllids. However, in choice assays, beetles did not distinguish between CLas‐infected and uninfected psyllids. We postulate that CLas may reduce the nutritional quality of psyllids diminishing fecundity and fertility of their predatory beetles. Our results lead us to speculate that under conditions of near 100% HLB infection, as occurs endemically in Florida, effectiveness of biological control for D. citri may benefit from provisioning ladybeetle predators with alternative hosts of higher nutritional quality or augmentative releases of laboratory‐reared predators.