bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
H∞ fault-tolerant decentralized observer-based PID team formation tracking design for NCS of large-scale LEO satellites
Authors: Chen Bor-Sen , Liang Chuan-Cheng , Wang Lu-Heng
Published: January 2025

In this study, a simple decentralized H$$ _{\infty} $$ fault-tolerant observer-based proportional-integral-derivative formation tracking design is proposed for network control systems of large-scale low earth orbit satellites under external disturbance, coupling and malicious attack signals via wireless communication channels. First, a novel reference-based feedforward linearization control scheme is introduced, transforming the nonlinear formation output feedback tracking control problem into an equivalent linearized formation tracking control system of each satellite. To prevent faults from corrupting the estimation and control of the satellite formation, two novel smoothing models of actuator and sensor fault signals are embedded in the equivalent linearized formation system of each satellite. Then, a decentralized H$$ _{\infty} $$ fault-tolerant observer-based proportional-integral-derivative control strategy is proposed to efficiently attenuate the effect of actuator and sensor faults, measurement noise and satellite coupling on the overall team formation. We only need to solve a linear matrix inequality-constrained optimization problem for each satellite to achieve the optimal H$$ _{\infty} $$ formation problem. Finally, a team formation example with twelve satellites crossing four orbits for a specific mission is provided to validate the proposed design, comparing it with other methods.
CMMF-Net: a generative network based on CLIP-guided multi-modal feature fusion for thermal infrared image colorization
Authors: Jiang Qian , Zhou Tao , He Youwei , Ma Wenjun , Hou Jingyu , Abdul Ghani Ahmad Shahrizan , Miao Shengfa , Jin Xin
Published: January 2025

Thermal infrared (TIR) images remain unaffected by variations in light and atmospheric conditions, which makes them extensively utilized in diverse nocturnal traffic scenarios. However, challenges pertaining to low contrast and absence of chromatic information persist. The technique of image colorization emerges as a pivotal solution aimed at ameliorating the fidelity of TIR images. This enhancement is conducive to facilitating human interpretation and downstream analytical tasks. Because of the blurred and intricate features of TIR images, extracting and processing their feature information accurately through image-based approaches alone becomes challenging for networks. Hence, we propose a multi-modal model that integrates text features from TIR images with image features to jointly perform TIR image colorization. A vision transformer (ViT) model will be employed to extract features from the original TIR images. Concurrently, we manually observe and summarize the textual descriptions of the images, and then input these descriptions into a pretrained contrastive language-image pretraining (CLIP) model to capture text-based features. These two sets of features will then be fed into a cross-modal interaction (CI) module to establish the relationship between text and image. Subsequently, the text-enhanced image features will be processed through a U-Net network to generate the final colorized images. Additionally, we utilize a comprehensive loss function to ensure the network's ability to generate high-quality colorized images. The effectiveness of the methodology put forward in this study is evaluated using the KAIST datasets. The experimental results vividly showcase the superior performance of our CMMF-Net method in comparison to other methodologies for the task of TIR image colorization.
Sensory Characteristics of Cow's Milk Yogurt with the Addition of Kecombrang Stem Extract
Authors: Nurhopipah Popi , Naufalin Rifda , Wicaksono Rumpoko
Published: January 2025

Yogurt is a fermented dairy product that plays an important role in the balance of microflora in the human digestive system. The functional properties of yogurt can be enhanced by adding bioactive components from kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) extract. Kecombrang is a spice plant belonging to the Zingiberaceae family and has been used in food products. The commonly used parts of this plant are the flowers, leaves, and stems. The purpose of this research is to determine the sensory characteristics of cow's milk yogurt with the addition of kecombrang stem extract. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the factor being the concentration of kecombrang stem extract added, which was 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%. Data analysis used Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a significance level of 5%. The results of the study showed that the addition of kecombrang stem extract did not have a significant effect (p>0.05) on the sensory characteristics of yogurt.
Utilization of Banana as a Raw Material for Cracker Manufacturing
Authors: Madu Konstantinus , Mush Wahyu , Rahmawati Atina
Published: January 2025

Banana fronds have a porous, hollow and fibrous character so their density value is large. Apart from that, banana stems contain more than 50% cellulose. People generally don't pay much attention to banana stems, especially after the tree bears fruit. Therefore, this research attempts to make crackers using Kepok banana leaves as raw material. Hopefully that  this research will produce crackers made from banana stems. This research aims to determine the effect of adding banana gedebog, wheat flour on crackers' physical, chemical, and organoleptic quality and the business feasibility analysis of making crackers with the best treatment results. This research aims to determine the effect of adding banana gedebog, and wheat flour on crackers' physical, chemical, and organoleptic quality and the business feasibility analysis of making crackers with the best treatment results. The design used in this research was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with 5 treatment combinations whose formulations were: F1 = 70% gedebog banana + 20% wheat flour; F2 = 60% banana banana + 30% wheat flour; F3 = 50% banana gebog + 40% wheat flour; F4 = 40% banana gebog + 50% wheat flour, and; F5 = 30% banana gebog + 60% wheat flour, then each treatment was repeated 3 (three) times to obtain 15 samples. The results showed that the best treatment was found in F2 (60% gedebog flour; 30% wheat flour and 10% tapioca flour with chemical content in the form of: 4.25% moisture content; 15.59% crude fiber; 1.12% organoleptic test; taste preference 3.67 (very like); aroma 3.57 (like), and; color 3.55 (like). Based on the feasibility analysis, manufacturing banana stem crackers based on the best treatment is feasible.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN PERILAKU DOKTER DAN PERAWAT TERHADAP KUALITAS PELAYANAN MASA PANDEMIK COVID-19 DI RSI BANJARNEGARA
Authors: Nitiprodjo Abdul Hakim , Kusumawinakhyu Titik , Septianawati Paramita , Ujianto Agus
Published: January 2025

Masa pandemik Covid-19 dan adaptasi kebiasaan baru menuntut tenaga medis melakukan pelayanan yang mengutamakan keselamatan pasien dan diri sendiri, namun tetap melakukan tindakan yang menjaga keamanan untuk mengurangi penyebaran virus Covid-19. Pengetahuan akan aturan layanan di masa pandemik serta sikap dan perilaku dokter dan perawat untuk melakukan inovasi pelayanan tetap harus berdasarkan mutu layanan dan standar operasional prosedur. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisa hubungan antara pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku dokter dan perawat terhadap kualitas pelayanan di masa pandemik Covid-19. Penelitian ini merupakan deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah tenaga kesehatan yang meliputi dokter dan perawat yang bekerja di RSI Banjarnegara. Data dianalisis dengan uji korelasi Spearman. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dari uji analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan bermakna antara pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku dokter dan perawat terhadap kualitas pelayanan di masa pandemik Covid-19.
Kata kunci: kualitas pelayanan, masa pandemik Covid-19, pengetahuan, perilaku, sikap
KARAKTERISTIK KONDISI KESEHATAN PADA PASIEN KORBAN TINDAK PIDANA PERDAGANGAN ORANG: TINJAUAN LITERATUR SISTEMATIS
Authors: Gizela Beta Ahlam , Puspitasari Kintan
Published: January 2025

Background: Human trafficking is a crime that degrades human dignity, involving hundreds or even thousands of victims per year both on a global and local scale. In the human trafficking, various types of violence often occur. It is important to identify that the patient is a victim of human trafficking when a doctor encounter a patient due to sexual violence. Doctor must pay more attention to collect evidence through anamnesis, physical examination, and advance examination. Thus, the next strategy to help victims of human trafficking can be carried out.
 
Aim: To identify the characteristics of physical, mental, and sexual health conditions in patients victims of TPPO as well as medical measures taken.
 
Method: This is a systematic literature review of the literature obtained from four databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Sage Journal, and Semantic Scholar. A literature search using the SPIDER method is initial screening and screening before downloading. Selected literatures then put for further selection with criteria of inclusion and exclusion to obtain eligible literature. The next step is ecstraction by conducting a critical review using a checklist according to the design of literature research.
 
Result: Five literatures are eligibile with 2 literature conduct medical examinations, 4 literature discussing physical health issues, 3 literature discussing reproductive health issues, and 4 literature discussing mental health issues. Some of the literatures show the most common physical health problems are tired, memory impairment, and headaches or dizziness. Sexual health problems are sexually transmitted infections, urination pain in women and the risk of pregnancy. Mental health problems are PTSD, anxiety, and depression, desire and even suicide attempts, substance or alcohol use.
 
Conclusion: Victims of human trafficking (men, women, and children) experience physical, sexual, and mental health problems.
Peningkatan Pengetahuan Lansia dalam Mengenali dan Mencegah Penyakit Jantung Koroner Melalui Penyuluhan di Desa Purwosari
Authors: Wisesa Sindhu , Sari Octavia Permata , Afifah Afifah , Setiawati Setiawati , Silva Ghea De
Published: January 2025

Penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) masih menjadi penyebab utama kematian dan beban kesehatan di Indonesia. Faktor risiko PJK akan meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya usia, sehingga lansia merupakan populasi yang rentan terhadap PJK. Peningkatan pengetahuan dalam mengenali dan mencegah PJK diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan produktivitas pada lansia. Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan mengenai PJK dengan memberikan  edukasi pada lansia dalam cakupan Posyandu lansia di Desa Purwosari, Kecamatan Baturraden, Kabupaten Banyumas. Pretest dan Posttest dilakukan untuk menilai peningkatan pengetahuan pada peserta. Kegiatan dilakukan di Balai Desa Purwosari oleh dosen Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Soedirman dengan melibatkan kader Posyandu Lansia. Sebanyak 47 lansia mengikuti kegiatan penyuluhan. Hasil evaluasi menggunakan uji t berpasangan menunjukkan peningkatan rerata nilai posttest peserta secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan nilai pretest (p = 0,008). Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan PkM berupa penyuluhan kesehatan meningkatkan pengetahuan peserta dalam mengenali dan mencegah PJK pada lansia.
HUBUNGAN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY BERBASIS HEALTH BELIEF MODEL DENGAN SIKAP DALAM MENGONTROL KADAR GULA DARAH PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2 DI KABUPATEN TAKALAR
Authors: Zainuddin Zainuddin , Ernawati Ernawati , Sulistiani Ita , Jamaludin Nurdiana , Meylandri Arsad Sitti Fatimah , Suardi Suardi , Wahyudin Wahyudin
Published: January 2025

Latar belakang: Diabetes mellitus tipe 2 (DMT2) adalah penyakit gangguan metabolik yang di tandai oleh kenaikan gula darah akibat penurunan sekresi insulin oleh sel beta pankreas dan atau gangguan fungsi insulin (resistensi insulin). Tujuan penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan physical activity berbasis health belief model dengan sikap dalam mengontrol kadar gula darah pada pasien DMT2 di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Polongbangkeng Utara Kabupaten Takalar. Metode penelitian: Desain penelitian yang di gunakan deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional studi. Dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 50 responden. Dengan tehnik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian: Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa uji fisher’s exact test di peroleh nilai hitung p=0,000 lebih kecil dari nilai α=0,05. Dari analisis tersebut dapat di artikan bahwa Ha diterima dan Ho di tolak. Kesimpulan: ada hubungan physical activity berbasis health belief model dengan sikap dalam mengontrol kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2 di  Kabupaten Takalar 2023.
Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Student Centered Learning (SCL) Berbasis Aktivitas Pada Mata Kuliah Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Di Fakultas Hukum UII
Authors: Ummah Karimatul , Pratiwi Dian Kus , Syafi’ie M , Zubaidy Anang
Published: January 2025

Mata kuliah Pendidikan Kewarganegaran dirancang sebagai pembelajaran yang memuat dimensi-dimensi kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik yang saling berkaitan. Untuk itu, penyampaikan materi mata kuliah Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan dituntut menggunakan model pembelajaran yang efektif agar tercapai capaian pembelajaran mata kuliah (CPMK) yang sudah ditetapkan sebelumnya. Untuk meningkatkan minat dan pemahamah mahasiswa pada mata kuliah Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan, Penulis mengembangkan model pembelajaran student centered learning berbasis aktifitas. Strategi pembelajaran yang digunakan meliputi: Problem Based Learning (PBL) dan Problem Solving; group discussion dan group investigation; dan observasi. Metode pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) dan Problem Solving digunakan dalam pembelajaran mengenai hak asasi manusia. Metode pembelajaran perpaduan antara group discussion dan group investigation digunakan untuk pembelajaran materi demokrasi. Sedangkan metode observasi digunakan dalam pembelajaran mengenai kepatuhan hukum yang menjadi bagian pembahasan hak dan kewajiban warga Negara. Strategi pembelajaran yang digunakan ini telah menghasilkan semangat belajar yang tinggi pada diri mahasiswa. Mahasiswa sangat antusias untuk menyampaikan hasil diskusi tentang pentingnya pemilih pemula menyampaikan gagasannya. Momentum baik juga tergambar saat mahasiswa memaparkan hasil pengamatan lapangan terkait pelanggaran lalu lintas.
Penerapan Nilai-Nilai Islam Dalam Sistem Pembelajaran Daring
Authors: Virgiawan Rheyza
Published: January 2025

Tujuan pelaksanaan penelitian ini adalah penerapan nilai-nilai islam kedalam sistem pembelajaran daring, dan juga melakukan inovasi pembelajaran melalui materi ajar yang diberikan kepada mahasiswa dalam proses pembelajaran daring baik dengan metode komunikasi sinkron maupun asinkron. Selain itu juga untuk meningkatkan integasi antara nilai-nilai islam dan ilmu pengetahuan terkait Islamic E-business serta kemampuan mahasiswa melalui mata kuliah ini dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran SCL.
Inovasi yang diterapkan adalah integrasi nilai-nilai islam kedalam aktifitas pembelajaran daring melalui metode komunikasi sinkron dan asinkron. dalam komunikasi sinkron, pengintegrasian nilai nilai islam dilaksanakan dengan memasukkan nilai-nilai islam tersebut kedalam setiap materi ajar baik berupa gambar maupun video yang akan diberikan kepada mahasiswa dalam setiap aktifitas pembelajarannya. Adapun dalam model komunikasi asinkron, pengintegrasian nilai-nilai islam dilakukan secara langsung oleh dosen/tutor dengan memanfaatkan aplikasi ataupun software yang mendukung untuk model komunikasi asinkron tersebut, seperti google classroom, zoom, youtube, dll.
Kegiatan yang dilaksanakan dalam penelitian ini dimulai dengan menyusun rencana pembelajaran smester sebanyak 28 pertemuan dengan rangkaian aktifitas yang berfariasi. Kegiatan perkuliahan ini akan diawali dengan kontrak belajar, dimana dosen dan mahasiswa menyepakati hal-hal yang terkait dengan proses pembelajaran dari awal hingga akhir. Penyampaian nilai-nilai islam dalam pembelajaran daring ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan model komunikasi sinkron maupun asinkron.
Beberapa hal yang dapat jadikan cacatan adalah literasi, Watak dan sikap mahasiswa yang berbeda-beda dalam melaksanakan perkuliahan daring ini khususnya pada pemberian materi ajar. Kebiasaan mahasiswa yang selama ini mungkin masih terbiasa dengan sistem teacher center learning (TCL) menyebabkan beberapa mahasiswa masih kurang aktif dalam proses belajar.
Penerapan Outcome Based Education & Blended Learning Dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Pembelajaran Menghadapi Era Industri 4.0 Pada Mata Kuliah Teknik Sampling
Authors: Purwaningsih Tuti
Published: January 2025

Munculnya era baru yang sering digaungkan dengan nama Era Industri 4.0 telah menggeser beberapa perubahan dalam menjalankan aktivitas sehari-hari. Hal ini menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi dosen-dosen di perguruan tinggi saat ini. Berbagai matakuliah yang tidak relevan dituntut untuk mampu merubah diri agar bisa menyesuaiakn dengan perkembangan industri 4.0 ini. Dosen sendiri, selaku pengampu matakuliah teknik sampling sangat memerlukan pengetahuan yang menyegarkan otak, yang mampu menambal gap antara akademik dan industri untuk mata kuliah teknik sampling. Setelah berdiskusi dengan rekan-rekan industri, didapatkan banyak masukan bahwa perlu adanya suntikan ilmu baru dari industri untuk mahasiswa Statistika yang sedang mengenyam matakuliah Teknik Sampling. Adanya teknik-teknik inovasi yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan-perusahaan tersebut untuk menangani teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam rangka melakukan efisiensi riset pada era industri 4.0 saat ini. Beberapa dari mereka telah melakukan disrupsi surveyor pada teknik yang digunakan menggunakan aplikasi digital yang telah dibuat. Beberapa lainnya melakukan berbagai inovasi yang tentunya perlu diketahui oleh mahasiswa Statistika pada kelas Teknik Sampling. Hal tersebut melatarbelakangi saya untuk menerapkan metode pembelajaran Outcame-based education yang dikombinasi dengan Blended Learning pada matakuliah yang saya ampu yaitu Teknik Sampling (c) dengan tujuan meningkatkan kemampuan mahasiswa Statistika untuk beradaptasi menghadapi Era Industri 4.0.
Network-Independent Grid Synchronous Stability Boundary and Spontaneous Synchronization
Authors: Yuan Yu
Published: January 2025

Synchronization of complex networks has been widely studied. Current research on the synchronization of complex networks is based on concepts from graph theory and statistical physics. However, the study of real network synchronization remains present substantial obstacles. To overcome the difficulties caused by the complexity of the network, I report a simple synchronization stability boundary equation and identify a spontaneous synchronization structure in power grids for the first time. The findings indicate that both the synchronization stability boundary and the location of spontaneous synchronization occurred are independent of the network. The boundary equation harmonizes two contradictory conclusions well and reveals the mechanism of the synchronization of different individuals through coupling. These results offer a new direction for synchronization research, providing a means to overcome the challenges posed by network complexity, nonlinearity, and uncertainty, and enabling a unified approach to analyzing the synchronization stability of grids.
The Space-Time Membrane Model: Unifying Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity through Elastic Membrane Dynamics
Authors: Swann Paul
Published: January 2025

We present the Space-Time Membrane (STM) model, treating our four-dimensional spacetime as an elastic membrane with a mirror universe on its opposite side. Energy external to the membrane deforms it, creating gravitational curvature akin to mass–energy distributions in General Relativity, while uniform energy within the membrane remains curvature-neutral. Particles emerge as oscillatory membrane excitations, partnered with mirror antiparticles on the far side. A modified elastic wave equation, featuring tension, bending stiffness, and space-time-dependent variations in membrane stiffness, reproduces key elements of General Relativity and aligns with Quantum Field Theory. Metric perturbations mirror the structure of the Einstein Field Equations, yielding phenomena such as time dilation, gravitational effects, and non-singular black hole interiors. Stable standing waves and controlled stiffness variations also produce interference patterns and entanglement analogues, echoing quantum experiments within a deterministic framework. Interpreting photons as wave + anti-wave oscillations ensures masslessness, correct polarisations, U(1) gauge symmetry, and Lorentz invariance. High-energy processes involving photons and matter–antimatter pairs remain consistent with this view. Adjusting an intrinsic coupling constant aligns time-averaged stiffness changes with observed vacuum energy, explaining the cosmological constant. Hence, the STM model offers a geometric, deterministic approach bridging quantum phenomena and large-scale curvature without modifying QFT.
Hviid et al. 2019 Vaccine-Autism Study: Much Ado About Nothing?
Authors: Hammond Jeremy , Varia (PhD) Jeet , Hooker (PhD) Brian
Published: January 2025

The controversy surrounding measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination and autism has been ongoing for over 30 years. It is rooted in the gaslit, parent-led, grassroots movements of the 1990s and was further fueled by a case-series clinical study in 1998 by Wakefield et al., which hypothesized a causal link between MMR vaccination, gut inflammation, and autism. This controversy cascaded through numerous observational studies and reports by the US Institute of Medicine (IoM), culminating in 2019 with a population-based observational study by Hviid et al. This study was hailed at the time by the US media and medical establishment as conclusive proof that the MMR vaccine does not increase the risk of autism, even among “genetically susceptible children”. However, as detailed in this critical review, Hviid et al. did not faithfully intend or interpret the data to test this hypothesis and, therefore, cannot possibly have falsified it. We elucidate methodological flaws, discrepancies, irreproducibility, and conflicts of interest for Hviid et al. We further conjecture that researchers who faithfully serve the status quo of a vaccine orthodoxy know how to design studies to produce the desired results. In addition, we further illustrate that the conclusion from Hviid et al. cannot be generalized to the CDC childhood vaccination schedule, salient features of which have remained oblivious to so many opinion leaders, regulators, mainstream media, and professional associations in the USA. Looking at the broader picture, in the post-COVID-19 era, stereotyping, social stigma, shunning, condescension, and polarization of parents who choose not to vaccinate their children have only been exacerbated and intensified. We would retort that health freedom, parental autonomy, and open, frank, and honest scientific debate, not consensus or censorship, are the only pathways to foster real advancements for true service to our children, families, and the wider society. On this basis, we would propose a moratorium on the stigmatization and dichotomization of the unvaccinated, the vaccine-injured, and vaccine critics, as well as an end to mandates for childhood vaccines for school entry.
A Comprehensive Model and Experimental Investigation of Venting Dynamics and Mass Loss in Lithium-ion Batteries under Thermal Runaway
Authors: Chen Ai , Fill Alexander , Ströbel Marco , Sahin Resul , Hecker Stefan
Published: January 2025

Thermal runaway (TR) has become a critical safety concern with the widespread use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) as an energy storage solution to meet the growing global energy demand. This issue has become a significant barrier to the expansion of LIB technologies. Addressing the urgent need for safer LIBs, this study developed a comprehensive model to simulate TR in cylindrical 18650 Nickel Cobalt Manganese (NMC) LIBs. By incorporating experiments with LG®-INR18650-MJ1 cells, the model specifically aims to accurately predict critical TR parameters, including temperature evolution, internal pressure changes, venting phases, and mass loss dynamics. The simulation closely correlated with experimental outcomes, particularly in replicating double venting mechanisms, gas generation and the characteristics of mass loss observed during TR events. The study confirmed the feasibility of assuming proportional relationships between gas generation and cell capacity, and between mass loss from solid particle ejection and total mass loss, thereby simplifying the modeling of both gas generation and mass loss behaviors in LIBs under TR. Conclusively, the findings advanced understanding of TR mechanisms in LIBs, providing a solid foundation for future research aimed at mitigating risks and promoting the safe integration of LIBs into sustainable energy solutions.
Classical Layer Resolving Scheme for a System of Two Singularly Perturbed Time-Dependent Problems with Discontinuous Source Terms and Spatial Delay
Authors: Mathiyazhagan Joseph Paramasivam , Karuppusamy Ramiya Bharathi , Chatzarakis George E. , Panetsos S. L.
Published: January 2025

In this paper we formulate a Classical layer resolving finite difference scheme to solve a
system of two singularly perturbed time-dependent problems with discontinuity occurs at
(y; t) in the source terms and Robin initial conditions. The delay term occurs in the spatial
variable and leading term of spatial derivative of each equation is multiplied by a distinct
small positive perturbation parameter, inducing layer behaviors in the solution domain. The
formulation of finite difference scheme involves discretization of temporal and spatial axis
by uniform and piecewise uniform meshes respectively. Due to presence of perturbation
parameters, discontinuous source terms and delay terms, initial and interior layers occur in
the solution domain. In order to capture the abrupt change occurs due to the behavior of
these layers, the solution is further decomposed into two components. Layer functions are
also formulated in accordance with layer behavior. At last, to bolster the numerical scheme,
an example problem is computed to prove efficacy of our scheme.
Maximum Entropy-Minimum Residual Model: An Optimum Solution to Comprehensive Evaluation and Multiple Attribute Decision Making
Authors: Tang Qi-Yi , Lin Yu-Xuan
Published: January 2025

To assess a subject with multiple factors or attributes, a comprehensive evaluation index, or say a composite indicator, is often constructed to make a holistic judgement. The key problem is to assign weights to the factors. There are various weighting methods in the literature, but a gold standard is in lack. Some weighting methods may lead to a trivial weight assignment that is one factor having a weight equal to 1 and the others all zero, while some methods generate a solution contradicting with intuitive judgement, or even infeasible to calculate. This paper proposes a new model to generate weights based on the maximum entropy-minimum residual (MEMR) principle, directly estimating the relationship between factor weights and the composite indicator. The MEMR composite indicator extracts the common feature of multiple factors with preserving their diversity. This paper compares the MEMR model with other commonly used weighting methods in various case studies. The MEMR model has more robust, consistent, interpretable results than others, and is suitable for all comprehensive evaluation cases involving quantitative factors. The optimization technique of the proposed MEMR model and the related statistical tests are included as a package in the DPS (data processing system) software, for the convenience of application in all fields.
Differential Expression of miR-223-3p and miR-26-5p According to Different Stages of Mastitis in Dairy Cow
Authors: Dall’Olio Eleonora , Rensis Fabio De , Martignani Eugenio , Miretti Silvia , Ala Ugo , Cavalli Valeria , Cipolat-Gotet Claudio , Andrani Melania , Baratta Mario , Saleri Roberta
Published: January 2025

Mastitis is the disease that causes the greatest economic losses in dairy farming, significantly im-pairing animal welfare and the quality and quantity of milk produced. MicroRNAs are increasingly gaining attention, both in human and veterinary medicine, as biomarkers for various diseases. This study evaluated the diagnostic potential of four circulating microRNAs (miR-26-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-146a, and miR-223-3p) by examining changes in their expression in milk samples from dairy cows at different immune cells subpopulations correlated to different stage of mastitis in validated method. Additionally, the project has analysed the possible source of these circulating microRNA by the measurement of their secretion from activated immune cells (lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils). miR-223-3p has been significantly expressed in acute stage of mastitis (p<0.01) but not in chronic or susceptible stages. mir-26-5p has been significantly reduced in acute, chronic and susceptible groups of animals. In immune cell cultures miR-26 has been shown to downregulate in LPS-stimulated neutrophils while miR-223 has been shown to be upregulated in PHA-stimulated lymphocytes. The differential expression of miR-223-3p and miR-26-5p together with differential and classic somatic cell count could be utilized for identifying the evolutionary stage of masti-tis-related inflammatory pathology.
Integrated Machine Learning for Enhanced Supply Chain Risk Prediction
Authors: Jin Tian
Published: January 2025

Supply chain risk prediction has become increasingly critical as organizations navigate complex and volatile environments characterized by rapid market changes, geopolitical uncertainties, and supply disruptions. In this context, effective risk management is essential for maintaining operational efficiency and competitiveness. This study proposes an innovative integrated model that combines Random Forest, Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), and Neural Networks to enhance prediction accuracy and reliability in supply chain risk assessment. By employing comprehensive data preprocessing techniques—such as missing value imputation, normalization, and anomaly detection—alongside advanced algorithmic strategies, the model effectively addresses the limitations of traditional approaches. The integration of these diverse machine learning techniques not only leverages their individual strengths but also enhances the model's adaptability and robustness in varying scenarios.
Perceived Stress, Well-Being, and Academic Performance of University Students During the First COVID-19 Lockdown: A Study of Portuguese, Spanish and Brazilian Students
Authors: Marques-Pinto Alexandra , Curral Luís , Rodrigues Maria , Quadros Francisca , Jesus Saúl Neves de , Martínez Isabel Maria , Roazzi António , Oliveira Sofia
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly affected university students globally, exacerbating their already existing academic stress. This study investigated how the first COVID-19 lockdown (March-July 2020) differently impacted Portuguese, Spanish, and Brazilian university students’ perceived academic stress, personal well-being, academic engagement, and performance. Methods: An online survey collected responses from 1,081 university students (78.17% female; Mage = 25.43 years, SD = 9.27). Qualitative data on academic stressors were analyzed through content analysis. Cross-country differences were assessed through chi-square analyses and ANOVAs. Hypotheses were tested with mediation path analysis. Results: Emotional distress emerged as the most prevalent stressor (54%). Results evidenced differences in how students from the three countries experienced their academic life during the first COVID-19 lockdown. Personal and academic well-being mediated stress effects on performance. Conclusions: These findings underscore the need for context-tailored interventions and proactive measures to support students' academic engagement in challenging contexts, informing educators and policymakers alike.
The Interplay Between Suicidal Behavior and Mental Disorders: Focus on the Role of Glial Cells
Authors: Abou Chahla Maya Nahi
Published: January 2025

Glial cells have shown to possess vital and surprising roles in the brain rather than just being silent supportive cells to neurons. Different glial populations of the central nervous system in involved brain regions play various functions, express different proteins and result in fluctuating effects when altered. Glial cells pathologies were detected in most mental disorders including suicidal behavior. Suicidal behavior represents a health problem of high importance worldwide where protective measures are required to be taken at many levels. Studies on patients with mental disorders that represent risk factors for suicidal behavior, revealed multiple changes in the glia at diverse levels including variations regarding the expressed glial markers. This review summarizes the role of glia in some psychiatric disorders and highlights the crosslink between changes at the level of glial cells and development of suicidal behavior in patients with an underlying psychiatric condition; In addition, the interplay and interconnection between suicidal behavior and other mental diseases will spot the light on the routes of personalized therapy involving glial-related drugs.
Generative Artificial Intelligence and Its Role in the Development of Clinical Cases in Medical Education: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Ennab Farah , Farhan Hadeel , Zary Nabil
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Integrating generative AI into medical education addresses challenges in developing clinical cases for case-based learning (CBL), a method that enhances critical thinking and learner engagement through realistic scenarios. Traditional CBL is resource-intensive and less scalable. Generative AI can produce realistic text and adapt to learning needs, offering promising solutions. This scoping review maps existing literature on generative AI's use in creating clinical cases for CBL and identifies research gaps. Methods: This review follows Arksey and O'Malley’s (2005) framework, enhanced by Levac et al. (2010), and aligns with PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A systematic search will occur across major databases like PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, ERIC, and CINAHL, along with gray literature. Inclusion criteria focus on studies published in English between 2014 and 2024, examining generative AI in case-based learning (CBL) in medical education. Two independent reviewers will screen and extract data, iteratively charted using a standardized tool. Data will be summarized narratively and thematically to identify trends, challenges, and gaps. Results: The review will present a comprehensive synthesis of current applications of generative AI in CBL, focusing on the types of models utilized, educational outcomes, and learner perceptions. Key challenges, including ethical and technical barriers, will be emphasized. The findings will also outline future directions and recommendations for integrating generative AI into medical education. Discussion: This review will enhance understanding of generative AI's role in improving CBL by addressing resource constraints and scalability challenges while maintaining pedagogical integrity. The findings will guide educators, policymakers, and researchers on best practices, emerging opportunities, and areas needing further exploration. Conclusion: Generative AI has significant potential to revolutionize competency-based learning (CBL) in medical education. By mapping current evidence, this review will offer valuable insights into its potential applications, effectiveness, and challenges, paving the way for innovative and adaptive educational strategies.
Bedtime Procrastination, Sleep Behavior and Subjective Well-Being Among the Indian Population: Exploring the Connective Links
Authors: Parasher Gunjan , Gupta Shikhar , Kar Sujita Kumar
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE– Sleep deprivation is a common problem in the society and bedtime procrastination has emerged as a major cause of poor sleep among the healthy individuals across various nations. We attempted to study the bedtime procrastination, sleep behavior, subjective well-being in the Indian population.

METHODS – This was a cross-sectional study. The recruited participants were evaluated on the Bedtime procrastination scale(BtP), WHO-5 Well Being index, Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ -2), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item (GAD -2), Munich Chronotype questionnaire (MCTQ) and Single-Item Sleep Quality Scale (SQS).

RESULTS – A total of 401 participants were recruited to the study. Symptoms of anxiety were higher in the female participants compared to males. Among females, there was a significant positive correlation of Bedtime procrastination score with symptoms of anxiety(r=0.23) and depression(r=0.15) and a negative correlation with subjective well-being(r=-0.23). A significant negative correlation was found between ages of women and BtP score(r=-0.15). Among the male participants, there was a significant negative correlation of age with BtP score(r=-0.3) and anxiety(r=-0.19). Here too, BtP score was positively correlated with depression(r=0.18) and anxiety(r=0.35).

CONCLUSION- Bedtime procrastination has a close and intricate association with anxiety, depression, sleep quality and subjective well-being. It needs to be targeted for the promotion and prevention of mental health.
A Unified Theory of Atomic and Molecular Structure
Authors: Zeng Tianhe , Zeng Jiqing
Published: January 2025

Revealing the structure of atoms and molecules has always been one of the important research goals in the field of quantum mechanics. The currently well-known atomic and molecular structure theories include Rutherford's planetary model, Bohr Sommerfeld atomic structure model, as well as atomic orbital theory, hybrid orbital theory, and molecular orbital theory. However, although these theories can explain atomic or molecular structures to some extent, they all have their own shortcomings, and there is currently no unified theory of atomic and molecular structures established. Here, we propose the Dynamic Entity Model of Electron Orbits, the Electron Spin Theory, and the Spatial Configuration Theory of Electron Orbits. Based on these new concepts and theories, we rearranged the extranuclear electrons of all elements in the periodic table, and explained the structure of atoms, the physical mechanisms of molecular formation, and the spatial structure of molecules. The theories of atomic and molecular structures based on quantum mechanics are often complex, difficult to understand, and inconsistent, while our new concepts and theories are based on classical physics and have the characteristics of being simple, intuitive, and easy to understand, and can logically and consistently explain the structure of atoms and molecules. Therefore, we have established a unified atomic and molecular structure theory based on the framework of classical physics, which has important scientific significance and application value.
Innovations and Advancements in Implant Dentistry: A Comprehensive Review of Biomaterials, Technologies, and Emerging Trends — "Roots of Innovation: Mapping the Future of Oral Regeneration"
Authors: Alsuraifi Ali , I. Al-Essa Umalbaneen , R. Mohammed Noor Alhuda , Kareem Sarah , Ayad Abdullah
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Over the past decade, the field of implant dentistry has experienced a paradigm shift driven by technological innovations in imaging and materials science. Advanced imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) have enhanced diagnostics, whereas 3D printing and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) have revolutionized the planning and execution of dental implants. The development of biomaterials such as titanium alloys and zirconia-based implants has significantly improved their biocompatibility and aesthetic outcomes. The recent introduction of biomimetic materials, nanoengineered coatings, and polymer-based alternatives reflects a trend toward more sophisticated implant solutions tailored for improved clinical results. Types of studies: This review compiles findings from a variety of research formats, including case studies, cohort studies, systematic reviews, experimental and observational randomized controlled trials, and other peer-reviewed documents. Results: Analysis of the current literature has produced a series of clinical guidelines, underscoring the benefits of advanced biomaterials and imaging in achieving superior osseointegration and aesthetic results, thereby increasing patient satisfaction and implant longevity. Conclusion: This review reveals critical advancements and practical recommendations for the application of cutting-edge technologies and materials in implant dentistry. These innovations promise to enhance patient outcomes and define the future trajectory of the field.
Determination of Kinematic and Dynamic Characteristics of Oscillating Conveyor Mechanism
Authors: Zhauyt Algazy , Alipbayev Kuanysh , Aden Alisher , Orazaliyeva Aray , Bikhozhayeva Gulmira
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a dynamic model for the oscillating conveyor mechanism, governed by a differential equation that describes the system’s motion under the influence of both driving and resisting torques. The resistive torque Mr is modeled as a linear function of angular displacement φ6, while the driving torque Md incorporates a damping term proportional to the angular velocity ω1 . The system’s inertial properties are captured through time-dependent terms such as as A(t), B(t), D(t), E(t), F(t), H(t), N(t), M(t), Q(t), R(t), and W(t), which account for the interaction between the mechanical components, including the angular positions and velocities of the system’s joints. A numerical solution is obtained using an approximate calculation method, specifically an explicit finite difference approach, with initial conditions set to ω0 = 0 and φ0 = 0. This method allows for the computation of angular velocities and displacements over discrete time intervals, providing insight into the system’s dynamic behavior. The results demonstrate the importance of damping and nonlinear dynamics in regulating oscillations, offering a framework for understanding the stability and response of oscillating conveyor mechanisms. The model’s sensitivity to initial conditions and the role of numerical stability are discussed, with suggestions for future work to improve accuracy and applicability in real-world systems.
Structural Virology: The Key Determinants in Development of Antiviral Therapeutics
Authors: Handa Tanuj , Saha Ankita , Narayanan Aarthi , Ronzier Elsa , Kumar Pravindra , Singla Jitin , Tomar Shailly
Published: January 2025

Structural virology has emerged as the foundation for the development of effective antiviral therapeutics. It is pivotal in providing crucial insights into the three-dimensional frame of viruses and viral proteins at atomic or near atomic-level resolution. Structure-based assessment of viral components, including capsids, envelope proteins, replication machinery, and host interaction interfaces, are instrumental in unravelling the multiplex mechanisms of viral infection, replication, and pathogenesis. The structural elucidation of viral enzymes, including proteases, polymerases, and integrases, has been essential in combating viruses like HIV, SARS-CoV-2, and influenza. Techniques including X-ray crystallography, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy, Cryo-electron Microscopy, and Cryo-electron Tomography have revolutionized the field of virology and significantly aided in the discovery of antiviral therapeutics. The ubiquity of chronic viral infections, along with the emergence and re-emergence of new viral threats necessitate the development of novel antiviral strategies and agents, while the extensive structural diversity of viruses and their high mutation rates further underscore the critical need for structural analysis of viral proteins to aid antiviral development. This review highlights the significance of structure-based investigations for bridging the gap between structure and function, thus facilitating the development of effective antiviral therapeutics, vaccines, and antibodies for tackling emerging viral threats.
Auger and Carrier-Surface Optical Phonon Interaction in Van der Waals Heterostructures Composed of Graphene and 2D Transition Metal Chalcogenides
Authors: Mahdouani Mounira , Bourguiga Ramzi , Gardelis Spiros
Published: January 2025

We perform a theoretical investigation of the electron-surface optical phonon (SOP) interaction in van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) formed by monolayer graphene (1LG) and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), using eigenenergies obtained from the tight-binding Hamiltonian for electrons. Our analysis reveals that the SOP interaction strength strongly depends on the specific TMDC material. TMDC layers generate localized SOP modes near the 1LG/TMDC interface, serving as effective scattering centers for graphene carriers through long-range Fröhlich coupling. This interaction leads to resonant coupling between electronic sub-levels and surface phonon modes, causing Rabi splitting of the electron energy levels. We further explore the influence of different TMDCs, such as WS₂, WSe₂, MoS₂, and MoSe₂, on transport properties such as SO phonon-limited mobility, resistivity, conductivity, and scattering rates across various temperatures and charge carrier densities. Our analysis confirms that at elevated temperatures and low carrier densities, surface optical phonon scattering becomes a dominant factor in determining resistivity. Additionally, we investigate the Auger recombination process at the 1LG/TMDC interface, showing that both Auger and SO phonon scattering rates increase significantly at room and higher temperatures, ultimately converging to constant values as the temperature rises. In contrast, their impact is minimal at lower temperatures. These results highlight the potential of 1LG/TMDC-based vdWHs for controlling key processes, such as SOP interactions and Auger recombination, paving the way for high-performance nanoelectronic and optoelectronic devices.
Emerging Trends in Palladium Nanoparticles: Sustainable Approaches for Enhanced Cross-Coupling Catalysis
Authors: Ayoku Jude I. , Elahi Numair , Zeinalipour-Yazdi Constantinos D.
Published: January 2025

Palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) are transforming the landscape of modern catalysis and offer sustainable and efficient alternatives to traditional catalysts for cross-coupling reactions. Owing to their exceptional surface-to-volume ratio, PdNPs exhibit superior catalytic activity, selectivity and recyclability, making them ideal for the development of greener chemical processes. Recent innovations have focused on improving the stability and reusability of PdNPs through environmentally benign approaches such as water-based reactions, renewable stabilizers and magnetic nanoparticle support. These advancements not only reduce waste and energy consumption but also mitigate common issues such as catalyst leaching and agglomeration. The shift from conventional catalysis to these cutting-edge nanocatalytic techniques signifies a critical movement toward sustainable chemistry, positioning PdNPs at the forefront of industrial applications and the future of eco-friendly chemical synthesis.