bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defective oxygen inert phase stabilized high-voltage nickel-rich cathode for high-energy lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Dai Zhongsheng , Li Zhujie , Chen Renjie , Wu Feng , Li Li
Published: December 2023

Pushing layered cathode to higher operating voltage can facilitate the realization of high-energy lithium-ion batteries. However, the released oxygen species initiate materials surface upon highly delithiated states will react severely with electrolyte, accelerating the structure deterioration and triggering the thermal degradation. Here we propose an inert phase of La2Mo2O9 with abundant oxygen vacancies (about 41%) by regulating the annealing temperature to engineer the cathode interface beyond conventional modifications. By employing LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 as a model system and extending to higher voltage-operated LiCoO2 and Li-rich cathode, we demonstrate that the introduced lanthanum and molybdenum ions will transfer electrons to enhance the surface oxygen electronegativities, thus served as “oxygen anchor” to alleviate oxygen evolution. Furthermore, the possible released oxygen can be operando captured and reserved by β-phase La2Mo2O9 depositor for the intrinsic high oxygen vacancy formation energy. The reaction involving oxygen species with electrolyte is fundamentally diminished, thus effectively mitigate the structure deterioration and elevate the electrochemical performances, enabling a 1.5-Ah pouch-type full cell to exhibit negligible 6.0% capacity loss after 400 cycles.
Reconciling patterns of long-term topographic growth with coseismic uplift by synchronous duplex thrusting
Authors: Zhang Yuqing , Chen Hanlin , Shi Xuhua , Almeida Rafael , Walker Richard , Lin Xiubin , Cheng Xiaogan , Deng Hongdan , Chen Zhuxin , Hu Xiu
Published: December 2023

How long-term changes in surface topography relate to coseismic uplift is key to understanding the creation of high elevations along active mountain fronts, and remains hotly debated. Here we investigate this link by modeling the development of growth strata and the folding of river terraces above the Pishan duplex system in the southern Tarim Basin. We show that synchronous duplex thrusting of two neighboring faults with varying slip rates, associated with in-sequence propagation of the Pishan thrust system, is required to explain the presence of opposite-dipping panels of growth strata on the duplex front, and basinward migration of terrace fold crests. Importantly, this process of synchronous thrusting within the duplex reconciles the discrepancy between the deformation of terrace folds at the 10−1–100 million-year timescale and the maximum coseismic uplift of the 2015 Mw 6.4 Pishan earthquake on the frontal thrust. These results suggest that topography mismatch at different time scales can reflect the long-term kinematic evolution of fault systems. Thus, our study highlights the importance of characterizing complex subsurface fault kinematics for studying topographic growth, and motivates rethinking of the mountain building process in worldwide active fold-and-thrust belts, from short-term to long-term timescales.
Chromosome-scale genome assembly of sweet tea (Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehder)
Authors: Liu Hui , Zhang Rengang , Zhou Biao-Feng , Shen Zhao , Chen Xue-Yan , Gao Jie , Wang Baosheng
Published: December 2023

Lithocarpus, with >320 species, is the second largest genus of Fagaceae. However, the lack of a reference genome limits the molecular biology and functional study of Lithocarpus species. Here, we report the chromosome-scale genome assembly of sweet tea (Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehder), the first Lithocarpus species to be sequenced to date. Sweet tea has a 952-Mb genome, with a 21.4-Mb contig N50 value and 98.6% complete BUSCO score. In addition, the per-base consensus accuracy and completeness of the genome were estimated at 60.6 and 81.4, respectively. Genome annotation predicted 37,396 protein-coding genes, with repetitive sequences accounting for 64.2% of the genome. The genome did not undergo whole-genome duplication after the gamma (γ) hexaploidy event. Phylogenetic analysis showed that sweet tea diverged from the genus Quercus approximately at 59 million years ago. The high-quality genome assembly and gene annotation resources enrich the genomics of sweet tea, and will facilitate functional genomic studies in sweet tea and other Fagaceae species.
Postfire biodiversity database for eastern Iberia
Authors: Pausas Juli G. , Álvarez-Ruiz Lola , Baz Arturo , Belliure Josabel , Benítez Guille , Ferrer-Gallego P. Pablo , Herrando-Pérez Salvador , Jiménez Joan Nicolau , Laguna Emilio , Mínguez Eduardo , Montagud Sergio , Outerelo Raimundo , Roca Vicente , Santos Xavier , Velázquez de Castro Antonio J. , Viñolas Amador , Cifuentes Julio , Gilgado José D.
Published: December 2023

In the summer of 2012, two fires affected Mediterranean ecosystems in the eastern Iberian Peninsula. The size of these fires was at the extreme of the historical variability (megafires). Animals are traditionally assumed to recolonize from source populations outside of the burned area (exogenous regeneration) while plants recover from endogenous regeneration (resprouting and seeding). However, there is increasing evidence of in situ fire survival in animals. To evaluate the effect of large-scale fires on biodiversity and the mechanism of recovery, in 2013, we set up 12 plots per fire, covering burned vegetation at different distances from the fire perimeter and unburned vegetation. In each plot, we followed the postfire recovery of arthropods, reptiles (including some of their parasites), and plants for 2 to 5 years. Here we present the resulting database (POSTDIV) of taxon abundance. POSTDIV totals 19,906 records for 457 arthropod taxa (113,681 individuals), 12 reptile taxa (503 individuals), 4 reptile parasites (234 individuals), and 518 plant taxa (cover-abundance). We provide examples in the R language to query the database.
Synthesis and application of a new antibacterial surfactant from apricot kernel oil
Authors: Soliman Hanaa M.
Published: December 2023

Food emulsifier are mostly prepared from a lipophilic lipid tail with a hydrophilic sugar head. In this study, the lipophilic tail was obtained from apricot kernels, which are food waste, and the hydrophilic head was gluconic acid instead of sugar, in order to draw attention to the non-cyclic poly hydroxyl compounds. Thus, oleic acid of apricot kernel was used as the lipophilic moiety of the prepared surfactant. So, apricot kernel was grinned and dried, oil was extracted using soxhlet apparatus, Physical and chemical parameters and fatty acids composition of the extracted oil had been determined. The extracted oil was then hydrolyzed into glycerol and a mixture of free fatty acids. The fatty acids mixture was separated. Then, oleic acid was extracted individually in pure form using supercritical CO2 extractor, it was then confirmed according to its melting point, Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) after esterification, elemental analysis, Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H1NMR), and mass spectrometry (MS) to detect the corresponding molecular ion peak. The pure individual oleic acid was converted to hydroxy stearic acid, which was then converted to an amphiphilic compound (surfactant) via esterification reaction with the hydrophilic gluconic acid, and afforded a new surfactant known as 2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxy-6-((9-((-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoyl) oxy)octadecanoyl) oxy)hexanoic acid or stearyl gluconate for simplification. The structures elucidation of all synthesized compound was established according to elemental analysis and spectral data (Fourier transform infrared IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS). Moreover, the prepared compound was tasted for its antibacterial activity, and showed good activities against some types of bacteria. The surface-active properties, foamability, foaming stability and emulsion stability of stearyl gluconate were studied and compared with the properties of the well-known surfactant sucrose stearate, and it was clear that, the activity of stearyl gluconate as a surfactant was higher than that of sucrose stearate. Moreover, establishment of safety of this compound was performed using albino rats by acute oral toxicity and kidney and liver functions of these mice. On the other hand, the prepared surfactant was used in the production of low fat—free cholesterol mayonnaise as egg replacer. Texture properties and the sensory evaluation of the prepared mayonnaise showed that the properties were improved by using the new prepared surfactant. Thus, the prepared gluconyl stearate can be used as a safe food additive.
Effect of glyphosate on the growth and survival of rhizobia isolated from root nodules of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.)
Authors: Asrat Atrsaw , Sitotaw Baye , Dawoud Turki M. , Nafidi Hiba-Allah , Bourhia Mohammed , Mekuriaw Animut , Wondmie Gezahign Fentahun
Published: December 2023

Grass pea (L. sativus L.) is a widely cultivated crop worldwide, forming a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. Glyphosate is commonly used by farmers for weed control during agricultural processes. However, the application of this chemical herbicide negatively impacts soil fertility by affecting the nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. This study aimed to assess the effects of glyphosate on rhizobia isolated from healthy and robust Grass pea plants. Specifically, Grass pea plants exhibiting vigorous growth and a healthy appearance were intentionally selected to isolate rhizobia from their root nodules. The isolated rhizobia were then characterized based on their morphological features, biochemical properties, and resistance to abiotic traits. Rhizobial isolates from grass peas exhibited Gram-negative, rod-shaped morphology, milky colony color, and variable colony sizes. Additionally, the majority displayed smooth colony surfaces on yeast extract mannitol agar medium. Based on morphological and biochemical characteristics, the isolates could be grouped under the genus Rhizobium. Optimum growth conditions for these isolates were observed at temperatures between 28 and 38 °C, pH levels ranging from 5 to 8, and salt (NaCl) concentrations of 0.5% and 1%. At a concentration of 20 mL L−1, glyphosate inhibited 5.52–47% of the Rhizobium population. The inhibition percentage increased to 17.1–53.38% at a concentration of 40 mL L−1. However, when exposed to a higher concentration (60 mL/L) of glyphosate, 87% of the isolates were inhibited. The number of colonies after glyphosate exposure was significantly dependent on concentration, and there were notable differences between treatments with varying glyphosate concentrations (p < 0.05). Glyphosate negatively impacted the survival of grass pea rhizobia, leading to a reduction in the Rhizobium population (CFU). However, the effect varied between Rhizobium isolated from grass pea root nodules.
Detection and persistence of Zika virus in body fluids and associated factors: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Calvet Guilherme Amaral , Kara Edna Oliveira , Bôtto-Menezes Camila Helena Aguiar , da Costa Castilho Marcia , de Oliveira Franca Rafael Freitas , Habib Ndema , Neto Armando Menezes , Pereira Gerson Fernando Mendes , Giozza Silvana Pereira , Bermúdez Ximena Pamela Díaz , Fernandes Tatiana Jorge , Modjarrad Kayvon , Brasil Patrícia , Broutet Nathalie Jeanne Nicole , de Filippis Ana Maria Bispo ,   ZIKABRA Study Team, Lima Morganna Costa
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to analyze the detection and duration of the Zika virus (ZIKV) in plasma, urine, saliva, sweat, rectal swabs, vaginal secretions, breast milk, and semen and to explore risk factors associated with prolonged viral persistence. A prospective cohort study of symptomatic patients and their household contacts was conducted in Brazil from July 2017 to June 2019. A total of 260 individuals (184 women and 76 men) with confirmed ZIKV infection were enrolled and followed up for 12 months. ZIKV RNA was present in all body fluid specimens and detectable for extended periods in urine, sweat, rectal swabs, and semen. The longest detection duration was found in semen, with high viral loads in the specimens. ZIKV RNA clearance was associated with several factors, including age, sex, education level, body mass index, non-purulent conjunctivitis, joint pain, and whether the participant had a history of yellow fever vaccination. The influence of each of these factors on the low or fast viral clearance varied according to the specific body fluid under investigation. Recurrent ZIKV detection events after total viral clearance were observed in the cohort. Our findings provide valuable insights into the persistence and potential recurrence of ZIKV infection, highlighting the need for continued monitoring and follow-up of individuals infected with ZIKV and for effective prevention measures to reduce the risk of transmission.
Correlation transfer function analysis as a biomarker for Alzheimer brain plasticity using longitudinal resting-state fMRI data
Authors: Mousa Doaa , Zayed Nourhan , Yassine Inas A.
Published: December 2023

Neural plasticity is the ability of the brain to alter itself functionally and structurally as a result of its experience. However, longitudinal changes in functional connectivity of the brain are still unrevealed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study aims to discover the significant connections (SCs) between brain regions for AD stages longitudinally using correlation transfer function (CorrTF) as a new biomarker for the disease progression. The dataset consists of: 29 normal controls (NC), and 23, 24, and 23 for early, late mild cognitive impairments (EMCI, LMCI), and ADs, respectively, along three distant visits. The brain was divided into 116 regions using the automated anatomical labeling atlas, where the intensity time series is calculated, and the CorrTF connections are extracted for each region. Finally, the standard t-test and ANOVA test were employed to investigate the SCs for each subject’s visit. No SCs, along three visits, were found For NC subjects. The most SCs were mainly directed from cerebellum in case of EMCI and LMCI. Furthermore, the hippocampus connectivity increased in LMCI compared to EMCI whereas missed in AD. Additionally, the patterns of longitudinal changes among the different AD stages compared to Pearson Correlation were similar, for SMC, VC, DMN, and Cereb networks, while differed for EAN and SN networks. Our findings define how brain changes over time, which could help detect functional changes linked to each AD stage and better understand the disease behavior.
Magnetic field evolution in $$\mathrm{Au+Au}$$ collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{NN}} = {200}\;{\text{GeV}}$$
Authors: Zhang Chun-Hui , Feng Qi-Chun , Ren Yan-Yu , Hua Li-Ming , Huo Lei
Published: December 2023

In high energy heavy-ion collisions, the high speed valence charges will produce intense electromagnetic fields within the resulting quark-gluon plasma. Utilizing the AMPT model, this paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the magnetic field distribution generated from non-central collisions between $$\mathrm{Au+Au}$$

Au
+
Au

nuclei at $$\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}}={200}\;{\text{GeV}}$$

s
NN

=
200

GeV

. The initial geometric parameters of the collision and the electric conductivity of the quark-gluon plasma have a dominant influence on the evolution of the magnetic field, while the plasma diffusion and the CME effect have a lesser impact and only slightly involve the original magnetic field by inducing new magnetic fields. This finding suggests that the dynamics of the quark-gluon plasma can be roughly decoupled from the effect of the electromagnetic field.
Cornification of keratinocytes is associated with differential changes in the catalytic activity and the immunoreactivity of transglutaminase-1
Authors: Surbek Marta , Van de Steene Tessa , Sachslehner Attila Placido , Golabi Bahar , Griss Johannes , Eyckerman Sven , Gevaert Kris , Eckhart Leopold
Published: December 2023

Transglutaminase 1 (TGM1) plays an essential role in skin barrier formation by cross-linking proteins in differentiated keratinocytes. Here, we established a protocol for the antibody-dependent detection of TGM1 protein and the parallel detection of TGM activity. TGM1 immunoreactivity initially increased and co-localized with membrane-associated TGM activity during keratinocyte differentiation. TGM activity persisted upon further differentiation of keratinocytes, whereas TGM1 immunoreactivity was lost under standard assay conditions. Pretreatment of tissue sections with the proteases trypsin or proteinase K enabled immunodetection of TGM1 in cornified keratinocytes, indicating that removal of other proteins was a prerequisite for TGM1 immunolabeling after cornification. The increase of TGM activity and subsequent loss of TGM1 immunoreactivity could be replicated in HEK293T cells transfected with TGM1, suggesting that protein cross-linking mediated by TGM1 itself may lead to reduced recognition of TGM1 by antibodies. To screen for proteins potentially regulating TGM1, we performed Virotrap experiments and identified the CAPNS1 subunit of calpain as an interaction partner of TGM1. Treatment of keratinocytes and TGM1-transfected HEK293T cells with chemical inhibitors of calpain suppressed transglutamination. Our findings suggest that calpain contributes to the control of TGM1-mediated transglutamination and proteins cross-linked by transglutamination mask epitopes of TGM1.
Enhancing the image quality of blue light cystoscopy through green-hue correction and fogginess removal
Authors: Chang Shuang , Bermoy Micha E. , Chang Sam S. , Scarpato Kristen R. , Luckenbaugh Amy N. , Kolouri Soheil , Bowden Audrey K.
Published: December 2023

Blue light cystoscopy (BLC) is a guideline-recommended endoscopic tool to detect bladder cancer with high sensitivity. Having clear, high-quality images during cystoscopy is crucial to the sensitive, efficient detection of bladder tumors; yet, important diagnostic information is often missed or poorly visualized in images containing illumination artifacts or impacted by impurities in the bladder. In this study, we introduce computational methods to remove two common artifacts in images from BLC videos: green hue and fogginess. We also evaluate the effect of artifact removal on the perceptual quality of the BLC images through a survey study and computation of Blind/Referenceless Image Spatial Quality Evaluator scores on the original and enhanced images. We show that corrections and enhancements made to cystoscopy images resulted in a better viewing experience for clinicians during BLC imaging and reliably restored lost tissue features that were important for diagnostics. Incorporating these enhancements during clinical and OR procedures may lead to more comprehensive tumor detection, fewer missed tumors during TURBT procedures, more complete tumor resection and shorter procedure time. When used in off-line review of cystoscopy videos, it may also better guide surgical planning and allow more accurate assessment and diagnosis.
A new method for predicting SIRS after percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage
Authors: Zhang Xuanfeng , Yang Lulu , Cui Long , Li Huansong , Wang Xiaochuan
Published: December 2023

The occurrence of systemic inflammatory response after percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage brings great risks to patients and is one of the challenges faced by clinicians. Therefore, it is of great significance to find a suitable prediction method for clinicians to intervene early and reduce the transformation of serious complications. Easy-to-obtain and objectively measured clinical features were screened, and logistic regression was used to construct a prediction model. The predictive ability of the model was evaluated by using the receiver operating characteristic curve and the decision curve in the validation set and the training set, respectively. Nine clinical features (CRP, Fever, DBIL, Obstruction, Bile properties, PCT, Length, Width, and Volume factor) were used to construct the prediction model, and the validation results showed that the prediction model had good performance in the training set (AUC = 0.83) and the validation set (AUC = 0.81). The decision curve also showed that the predictive ability of the model incorporating nine clinical features is better than that of a single clinical feature. The model we constructed can accurately predict the occurrence of SIRS, which can guide clinicians to take treatment measures and avoid the deterioration of complications.
Effects of three personal resources interventions on employees’ burnout
Authors: Pérez-Marqués Mariola , Letona-Ibañez Onintze , Amillano Alejandro , Carrasco María , Martínez-Rodríguez Silvia
Published: December 2023

Personal resources are related to positive psychological states that can translate into lower burnout among employees. However, although these personal resources can be promoted through ad hoc interventions, there are few studies that analyze this type of interventions in workers. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of three interventions on personal resources on reducing employees' burnout. To this end, it was hypothesized that a positive psychological capital intervention (PsyCap), a job crafting intervention and a combined intervention would have a positive impact on burnout levels. This research used a quasi-experimental, longitudinal, pretest–posttest design, with repeated measures and a waiting list control group. Study participants (N = 144) were all workers divided into three interventions and a control group. A noteworthy aspect of the study design is that the intervention was implemented as a voluntary online training activity. This study showed that personal resources interventions were effective in reducing burnout among employees. The PsyCap intervention and the combined intervention showed the greatest efficacy. Contrary to expectations, the combined intervention did not show significantly greater efficacy than the other two experimental groups. The study concludes with a discussion of its limitations and practical implications for future personal resources intervention studies.
Machine learning for predicting hepatitis B or C virus infection in diabetic patients
Authors: Kim Sun–Hwa , Park So–Hyeon , Lee Heeyoung
Published: December 2023

Highly prevalent hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus (HBV and HCV) infections have been reported among individuals with diabetes. Given the frequently asymptomatic nature of hepatitis and the challenges associated with screening in some vulnerable populations such as diabetes patients, we conducted an investigation into the performance of various machine learning models for the identification of hepatitis in diabetic patients while also evaluating the significance of features. Analyzing NHANES data from 2013 to 2018, machine learning models were evaluated; random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) along with stacked ensemble model. We performed hyperparameter tuning to improve the performance of the model, and selected important predictors using the best performance model. LASSO showed the highest predictive performance (AUC-ROC = 0.810) rather than other models. Illicit drug use, poverty, and race were highly ranked as predictive factors for developing hepatitis in diabetes patients. Our study demonstrated that a machine-learning-based model performed optimally in the detection of hepatitis among diabetes patients, achieving high performance. Furthermore, models and predictors evaluated from the current study, we expect, could be supportive information for developing screening or treatment methods for hepatitis care in diabetes patients.
MRI can help differentiate Ménière’s disease from other menieriform diseases
Authors: Li Jinye , Li Long , Jin Xianwen , Hu Na , Kong Xiao , Wang Linsheng , Li Xiaoqin , Dou Weiqiang , Sun Lixin , Li Chuanting , Gong Ruozhen
Published: December 2023

It is difficult to distinguish other pathologies mimicking Ménière’s disease (MD) clinically. This study aims to investigate the differences of imaging findings and features between MD and other menieriform diseases via intravenous gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 426 patients with menieriform symptoms, including MD, vestibular migraine (VM), and vestibular schwannoma (VS), underwent 3D-FLAIR and 3D-T2WI MRI 6 h after the intravenous gadolinium injection. MR images were analyzed for inner ear morphology, perilymphatic enhancement (PE), EH and other abnormalities. EH was observed at a higher rate in MD patients (85.71%) than patients with other menieriform diseases (VM group = 14.75%, VS group = 37.50%). The prevalence of unilateral EH as well as both cochlear and vestibular EH showed significant differences between MD and VM groups. The prevalence of cochlear EH (I and II) and vestibular EH (II and III) was different between MD and VM groups. The prevalence of PE was higher in MD than VM group. The degrees of cochlear and vestibular hydrops were higher in the definite than probable MD group (P < 0.05). Using these imaging features, MRI can be used to help differentiate MD from other menieriform diseases.
Double-stranded RNA prevents and cures infection by rust fungi
Authors: Degnan Rebecca M. , Shuey Louise S. , Radford-Smith Julian , Gardiner Donald M. , Carroll Bernard J. , Mitter Neena , McTaggart Alistair R. , Sawyer Anne
Published: December 2023

Fungal pathogens that impact perennial plants or natural ecosystems require management strategies beyond fungicides and breeding for resistance. Rust fungi, some of the most economically and environmentally important plant pathogens, have shown amenability to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mediated control. To date, dsRNA treatments have been applied prior to infection or together with the inoculum. Here we show that a dsRNA spray can effectively prevent and cure infection by Austropuccinia psidii (cause of myrtle rust) at different stages of the disease cycle. Significant reductions in disease coverage were observed in plants treated with dsRNA targeting essential fungal genes 48 h pre-infection through to 14 days post-infection. For curative treatments, improvements in plant health and photosynthetic capacity were seen 2–6 weeks post-infection. Two-photon microscopy suggests inhibitory activity of dsRNA on intercellular hyphae or haustoria. Our results show that dsRNA acts both preventively and curatively against myrtle rust disease, with treated plants recovering from severe infection. These findings have immediate potential in the management of the more than 10-year epidemic of myrtle rust in Australia.
In operando NMR investigations of the aqueous electrolyte chemistry during electrolytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Jovanovic Sven , Jakes Peter , Merz Steffen , Daniel Davis Thomas , Eichel Rüdiger-A. , Granwehr Josef
Published: December 2023

The electrolytic reduction of CO2 in aqueous media promises a pathway for the utilization of the green house gas by converting it to base chemicals or building blocks thereof. However, the technology is currently not economically feasible, where one reason lies in insufficient reaction rates and selectivities. Current research of CO2 electrolysis is becoming aware of the importance of the local environment and reactions at the electrodes and their proximity, which can be only assessed under true catalytic conditions, i.e. by in operando techniques. In this work, multinuclear in operando NMR techniques were applied in order to investigate the evolution of the electrolyte chemistry during CO2 electrolysis. The CO2 electroreduction was performed in aqueous NaHCO3 or KHCO3 electrolytes at silver electrodes. Based on 13C and 23Na NMR studies at different magnetic fields, it was found that the dynamic equilibrium of the electrolyte salt in solution, existing as ion pairs and free ions, decelerates with increasingly negative potential. In turn, this equilibrium affects the resupply rate of CO2 to the electrolysis reaction from the electrolyte. Substantiated by relaxation measurements, a mechanism was proposed where stable ion pairs in solution catalyze the bicarbonate dehydration reaction, which may provide a new pathway for improving educt resupply during CO2 electrolysis.
Evolution of the One CGIAR’s research and innovation portfolio to 2030: approaches, tools, and insights after the reform
Authors: Meinke Holger , Ash Andrew , Barrett Christopher B. , Smith Allison Grove , Graff Zivin Joshua S. , Abera Fetien , Garcia Magali , Just David R. , Obokoh Nompumelelo H. , Kadiyala Suneetha , Negra Christine , Torrance Lesley , Beaudreault Amy R. , Boulanger Pierre
Published: December 2023

In this perspective, we offer insights into the evolution of CGIAR’s research and innovation portfolio from 2019 to 2023, underpinning the transformative journey towards One CGIAR. With this contribution, we aim to strengthen the social and environmental sustainability components of allied, future Research for Development (R4D) portfolios. We explore three interlinked operational frameworks—Quality of Research for Development (QoR4D), Comparative Advantage (CA) Analysis, and Inclusive Innovation—and present practical tools and lessons for enhancing the quality and impact of R4D initiatives. This work is based on insights gained by the Independent Science for Development Council (ISDC) during the review of proposals for the current One CGIAR research portfolio. QoR4D’s four dimensions (relevance, scientific credibility, legitimacy, and effectiveness) guide research strategy, portfolio development, evaluation and performance standards, fostering intentional design and transparent assessment. CA Analysis leverages organisational strengths, facilitating purposeful partnerships, and strategic resource allocation. Inclusive Innovation emphasises stakeholder inclusivity, amplifying legitimacy, relevance, and effectiveness. Insights are drawn from the application of these frameworks, highlighting the importance of collaboration, the need for a mindset shift and institutional reform, specialisation, and impact maximisation. By adopting these lessons, CGIAR and allied organisations can collectively address global food system challenges more effectively, driving sustainable agricultural innovation and societal transformation. This article aims to contribute to advancing sustainable agriculture and underscores the significance of systemic collaborations in creating more resilient and equitable food systems.
Fast histological assessment of adipose tissue inflammation by label-free mid-infrared optoacoustic microscopy
Authors: Ko Vito , Goess Marie C. , Scheel-Platz Lukas , Yuan Tao , Chmyrov Andriy , Jüstel Dominik , Ruland Jürgen , Ntziachristos Vasilis , Keppler Selina J. , Pleitez Miguel A.
Published: December 2023

Conventional histology, as well as immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence, enables the study of morphological and phenotypical changes during tissue inflammation with single-cell accuracy. However, although highly specific, such techniques require multiple time-consuming steps to apply exogenous labels, which might result in morphological deviations from native tissue structures. Unlike these techniques, mid-infrared (mid-IR) microspectroscopy is a label-free optical imaging method that retrieves endogenous biomolecular contrast without altering the native composition of the samples. Nevertheless, due to the strong optical absorption of water in biological tissues, conventional mid-IR microspectroscopy has been limited to dried thin (5–10 µm) tissue preparations and, thus, it also requires time-consuming steps—comparable to conventional imaging techniques. Here, as a step towards label-free analytical histology of unprocessed tissues, we applied mid-IR optoacoustic microscopy (MiROM) to retrieve intrinsic molecular contrast by vibrational excitation and, simultaneously, to overcome water-tissue opacity of conventional mid-IR imaging in thick (mm range) tissues. In this proof-of-concept study, we demonstrated application of MiROM for the fast, label-free, non-destructive assessment of the hallmarks of inflammation in excised white adipose tissue; i.e., formation of crown-like structures and changes in adipocyte morphology.
High-pressure synthesis of acentric sodium pyrocarbonate, Na2[C2O5]
Authors: Spahr Dominik , Bayarjargal Lkhamsuren , Bykov Maxim , Brüning Lukas , Reuter Tim H. , Milman Victor , Liermann Hanns-Peter , Winkler Björn
Published: December 2023

Na2[C2O5] was synthesized by reacting Na2[CO3] with CO2. It is an inorganic, acentric pyrocarbonate characterized by alternating layers of tilted [C2O5]2−-groups and alkali metal cations.
Facile fabrication of ternary NiTiFe-LDH ultrathin nanosheets for efficient conversion of amines into imines under visible light
Authors: Li Shaojin , Wang Jiaqi , Liu Hurunqing , Li Zhaohui
Published: December 2023

Due to the introduced Fe3+ for enhanced light absorption and the ultrathin nanosheets to minimize the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers, NiTiFe-LDH NSs exhibit superior activity for conversion of amines to imines under visible light.
Aqueous MnO2/Mn2+ electrochemistry in batteries: progress, challenges, and perspectives
Authors: Ren Yu , Li Haoyu , Rao Yuan , Zhou Haoshen , Guo Shaohua
Published: December 2023

This review provides in-depth insights into the basics and main issues of both partial and exclusive Mn2+/MnO2 chemistry and highlights the optimizing strategies for this cathode reaction and the corresponding full battery.
Largely enhanced thermoelectric performance in p-type Bi2Te3-based materials through entropy engineering
Authors: Ahmad Abid , Zhu Bin , Wang Zhongbin , Gui Zhigang , Wang Wu , Wang Tiancheng , Yu Yong , Huang Li , He Jiaqing
Published: December 2023

Entropy optimized Bi2Te3 based materials achieved a high thermoelectric performance with a figure of merit of 1.7 at 450 K and a maximum conversion efficiency of 8% with a temperature gradient of 225 K.
Identification and quantification of fluorinated polymers in consumer products by combustion ion chromatography and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Skedung Lisa , Savvidou Eleni , Schellenberger Steffen , Reimann Anders , Cousins Ian T. , Benskin Jonathan P.
Published: December 2023

Using the combination of total analysis and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify fluoropolymers in a broad range of consumer products.
Mica nanosheets synthesized via liquid Ga embrittlement: demonstrating enhanced CO2 capture
Authors: Weerasinghe P. Vishakha T. , Wu Shunnian , Lee W.P. Cathie , Zhu Qiang , Lin Ming , Wu Ping
Published: December 2023

We introduce a pioneering approach to synthesize 2D mica nanosheets by leveraging the liquid gallium embrittlement mechanism, effectively addressing the challenges involved in exfoliating mica due to its strong non-van-der-Waals bonds.
A quantum chemical assessment on the sensing ability of porphyrins and phthalocyanines towards volatile organic compounds using density functional theory investigations
Authors: Reji Rence Painappallil , Sivalingam Yuvaraj , Kawazoe Yoshiyuki , Velappa Jayaraman Surya
Published: December 2023

Porphyrins and phthalocyanines based sensors for selective detection of VOCs in and around us.
Diagnosis of high-Ni NCA/Gr-Si cells before rapid capacity drop by monitoring the heterogeneous degradation
Authors: Kim Taeyoung , Park Soobin , Bae JunWoo , Jung DaWoon , Cheon Hansu , Lee Wang-geun , Choi Yunseok
Published: December 2023

Understanding the degradation of lithium-ion batteries is of utmost significance for preventing unexpected capacity drops and addressing safety concerns.
The controllable and efficient synthesis of two-dimensional metal–organic framework nanosheets for heterogeneous catalysis
Authors: Yun Ling-Xia , Zhang Cong , Shi Xin-Ran , Dong Yan-Jun , Zhang Hang-Tian , Shen Zhi-Gang , Wang Jie-Xin
Published: December 2023

2D MOF nanosheets prepared using a high-gravity reactive precipitation method exhibit high catalytic activities toward Knoevenagel condensation and the glycolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate).
β-Amino amide based covalent adaptable networks with high dimensional stability
Authors: Nguyen Loc Tan , Portone Francesca , Du Prez Filip E.
Published: December 2023

Catalyst-free reversible β-amino amides in covalent adaptable networks with reprocessability and high dimensional stability.
The role of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy in unraveling the structure–property relationships of Pt-based fuel cells electrocatalysts
Authors: Bijelić Lazar , Ruiz-Zepeda Francisco , Hodnik Nejc
Published: December 2023

Exploring the nanostructures of platinum-based fuel cell electrocatalysts through the lens of advanced transmission electron microscopy techniques unveils the secrets of structure-activity-stability relationships.
Enantio- and diastereoselective conjugate addition of pyridyl alkyl ketones to enones by Cu(ii)-Lewis acid/Brønsted base catalysis
Authors: Kwak Soojin , Lee Minhyeok , Sim Eunji , Lee Sarah Yunmi
Published: December 2023

Cu(ii) Lewis acid/Brønsted base catalysis was employed to achieve enantio- and diastereoselective conjugate additions of pyridyl alkyl ketones to enones, resulting in the formation of various 1,5-diketones with vicinal stereocenters.
The influence of UHMWPE with varying morphologies on the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of HDPE
Authors: Shen Hongwang , Hu Yongxiang , Gao Aiguo , Meng Fantao , Li Lin , Ju Guannan
Published: December 2023

The current study aims to examine how the morphology of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) particles impacts the kinetics of non-isothermal crystallization in high-density polyethylene (HDPE).
Copper salt of a DABCO-based molten salt: a high-performance catalyst in the one-pot synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidine and polyhydroquinoline derivatives
Authors: Fekrat Neamatullah , Mazloumi Masoumeh , Shirini Farhad
Published: December 2023

In this study, [DABCO](SO3H)2CuCl4 as a novel DABCO-based molten salt with dual acidic functionality (Brønsted and Lewis) has been synthesized, characterized and used as a high-performance catalyst in the one-pot synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidine and polyhydroquinoline derivatives.
Towards designer polyolefins: highly tuneable olefin copolymerisation using a single permethylindenyl post-metallocene catalyst
Authors: Collins Rice Clement G. , Morris Louis J. , Buffet Jean-Charles , Turner Zoë R. , O'Hare Dermot
Published: December 2023

Using a highly active permethylindenyl-phenoxy (PHENI*) titanium catalyst, high to ultra-high molecular weight ethylene–linear-α-olefin copolymers are prepared in high yields, with exceptional comonomer affinity, and predictable, tuneable composition.
Electrochemically exfoliated covalent organic frameworks for improved photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wang Ting , Zhang Ruijuan , Zhai Pengda , Li Mingjie , Liu Xinying , Li Chaoxu
Published: December 2023

Thiophen-based covalent organic frameworks were exfoliated via a facile and noninvasive electrochemical strategy for improved photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
A novel Cu single-atom catalyst prepared through the adsorption characteristics of MoS2: from preparation to application
Authors: Zhang Xu , Ran Lang , Zheng Yajuan , Zhang Heng , Zhu Lingxiao , Zhou Lincheng , Zhang Hong
Published: December 2023

A novel synthesis method of a Cu single-atom catalyst and a study on the application potential of the catalyst for degradation of methylene blue.
Design of functionalized luminescent MOF sensor for the precise monitoring of tuberculosis drug and neonicotinoid pesticide from human body-fluids and food samples to protect health and environment
Authors: Rana Abhijeet , Mir Nazir Ud Din , Banik Arpa , Hazra Ananya , Biswas Shyam
Published: December 2023

A fluorescent MOF sensor is illustrated for the precise monitoring of tuberculosis drug rifampicin and neonicotinoid pesticide nitenpyram from human body fluids, food samples, and environmental water to protect human health and the environment.
Control digital de la disponibilidad hídrica de la viña Digital control of the water availability of the vine
Authors: Vidal Lluís Giralt , Armengol Elisabet Perna , Bella Claustre Grau , Galimany Jordi Carbonell , Gustems Carme Domingo , Tell Carme Masqué , Mestres Fina Capdevila , Vidal Xoan Elorduy
Published: December 2023

El progresivo incremento de las condiciones de aridez en la agricultura son evidentes y la capacidad de obtener la máxima información de su evolución, se ha convertido en una necesidad fundamental para el viticultor. Es necesario el control de las reservas de agua en el suelo, como apoyo en la toma de decisiones en el cultivo de la vid. Se presentan resultados de dos trabajos iniciados el 2018. El proyecto Hidrovinya se realizó en la zona del Penedès, creándose una red de sensores para el control meteorológico y de la humedad del suelo en viñedos de secano, valorando el desarrollo vegetativo y productivo de las plantas, para interpretar agronómicamente los datos obtenidos. Regvallcorb, se realiza en la DOP Costers del Segre y se plantea como un apoyo digitalizado en el riego de la vid. Se crea una red de sensores meteorológicos y de humedad del suelo en diferentes estrategias de riego. Con los datos obtenidos se redacta un boletín informativo, recomendando la oportunidad y el volumen de riego. El conjunto de datos obtenidos en estos proyectos, ha permitido determinar relaciones entre la humedad del suelo y el potencial hídrico de la planta como base para una gradual digitalización de la viticultura.
Are farm to fork strategy goals reasonable and achievable? State of the art of Península de Setubal’s winegrowers
Authors: Cachão Miguel , Chambel Ana , Pinto Sérgio
Published: December 2023

The European Union’s “farm to fork” strategy sets out several objectives to be achieved by farmers, who, among others, relate to increasing biodiversity, protecting soils and reducing the use of pesticides. The use of pesticides in 235 winegrowers in the Palmela region was evaluated between 2016 and 2021. To support some of the answers, a socio-economic survey was also carried out. The data analysed included the number of treatments, the dosages used, compliance with the pre-harvest interval, the reason why winegrowers performed phytosanitary treatment and how they chose a pesticide. In addition, residue analyses were carried out at the entrance of the grapes into the winery to assess whether the MRL was exceeded and whether were not authorised pesticides were used in the vine. For each year, it was found that, on average, farmers spray seven times, although the trend was to decrease and the most used pesticide belong to groups 3 (Triazol), according to the FRAC Codes. It was concluded that fear of diseases and pests and “empirical experience” sometimes go beyond knowledge and technology. In addition, the weak valorisation of grapes and discouragement with the implementation of some poorly reported strategies are factors that fuel the concern about the difficulty in achieving the goals.
Yield estimation using machine learning from satellite imagery
Authors: de la Fuente David , Rivilla Elena , Tena Ana , Vitorino João , Navascués Eva , Tabasco Antonio
Published: December 2023

Accurate and early yield estimation (from pea size) allows 1.- Make decisions at field level: green harvesting, irrigation management. 2.- Advance or organise the purchase of grapes from suppliers. 3.- Forecast the volume of wine produced in the campaign that has not yet begun. 4.- Define the quality of the vintage: regular and detailed monitoring of whether, or not, the heterogeneity of the leaf surface, photosynthetic activity or soil moisture observed in the vineyards is as expected at this time, compared with historical values. 5.- Precise control of each vine in production, knowing which vines are no longer productive or should be grubbed up. The Sentinel-2 satellite has generated a time series of images spanning more than six years, which is a great help in analysing the state of permanent crops such as vineyards, where grapes are produced every year. The weekly comparison of what is happening in the current season with what has happened in the previous six seasons is information that is in line with agricultural practices: Winegrowers make the mental exercise of comparing how the vines are developing today with how they developed in previous seasons, with the aim of repeating the years of good yields. In addition, several commercial satellites can now capture images of 50 centimetres pixel resolution or even better, making it possible to check the health of each vine every year. Since 2020, GMV and Pago de Carraovejas have been working together to develop a yield estimation service based on field information and satellite images that feed machine learning algorithms. This paper describes the path followed from the beginning and the steps taken, summarising as follows: 1. - Machine learning algorithm trained with cluster counting and satellite data. 2. - Adjustment of the number of vines in production in each vineyard using very high-resolution imagery. 3. - Machine learning algorithm trained on real production from past campaigns and historical Sentinel-2 time series. The results obtained by comparing the actual grape intake in the winery with the yield estimation range from 91% accuracy in 2020 to 95% accuracy in 2022.
The effect of drought memory on grapevine physio logical responses to water deficit and recovery
Authors: de Deus João , Damasio Miguel , Rodrigues Ana , Silvestre José , Zarrouk Olfa , Carvalho Luisa
Published: December 2023

To cope with water stress, grapevine developed efficient adaptation mechanisms to transfer water from roots to shoots, mediated by an efficient stomatal control of transpiration. Each variety has a specific water use regulation response under drought, which is important to study. In the present work, we explored the influence of the field-grown genotypes’ drought memory in the drought-response phenotype of their vegetative progenies, in Trincadeira (isohydric) and Castelão (anisohydric) cultivars under a drought event followed by recovery. These progenies were subjected to full irrigation (FI) and non-irrigation (NI) for five years in the field, and their progenies were in grown in a glasshouse and subjected to a well-watered and a water- stress treatment, followed by recovery. NI progenies from both cultivars had improved gas exchange parameters, better total plant hydraulic conductance under drought, and faster recovery than FI progenies. Nocturnal transpiration was affected both by progeny and treatment. Leaf wax content was significantly enhanced by WS both in FI and NI progenies, but it was higher in NI progenies. Although isohydric and anisohydric genotypes exhibited different drought acclimation responses due to their inner genetic behavior, their underlying hydraulic, stomatal and photosynthetic regulatory mechanisms were also affected by historical origin.
Enodiplomacia y neuromarketing: La Inteligencia Artificial en defensa de la identidad ante el reto del cambio climático. El caso del vino de La Mancha
Authors: de la Peña José Antonio Negrín , Durán-Romero Gemma , Ramírez-Carreras Dionisio
Published: December 2023

Uno de los conceptos que está generando un mayor debate académico en el mundo de la vitivinicultura es el de la Enodiplomacia es decir el de la “Diplomacia por medio del vino”. Este trabajo quiere seguir debatiendo este concepto, desde una doble vertiente. Por un lado, se busca refrendar la importancia del vino en las relaciones económicas internacionales y, en segundo lugar, introducir un método de análisis basado en el neuromarketing para comprender el proceso sensorial en la toma de decisiones basados en el sentimiento de identidad. Es decir, la percepción que tiene el consumidor de vino de comprar algo que identifica un determinado territorio y lo cualifica. Esta calidad del producto, argumentada en base a su identidad y lo que hay detrás de ella, sirve como baluarte en foros internacionales como argumento competitivo. Además, en esta ponencia, se pondrá en valor como emblema identitario el patrimonio medioambiental que identifica a un determinado terruño (en este caso de La Mancha) y que sirve, -no sólo de seña de identidad-, sino de presentación y valor.