bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation as a Tool for Understanding Experimental Observations --- Ion Beam Extraction from an ECRIS
Authors: Spädtke Peter
Published: November 2022

A model for the simulation of ion beam extraction from an electron cyclotron resonance ion source is proposed.
It is based on the simple fact that charged particles follow magnetic field lines.
Therefore magnetic field lines are used to generate initial conditions for ray-tracing.
This model reproduces in simulation experimentally obtained results.
The importance of correlations in phase-space caused by the magnetic field is shown in simulation.
This model also describes the physics of space-charge and its compensation in the extracted (fast) ion beam by low energy electrons.
Simulation provides the possibility to test theoretical assumptions, as well as to optimize technical designs.
A Practical Approach for Determining Multi-Dimensional Spatial Rainfall Scaling Relations Using High Resolution Time Height Doppler Data from a Single Mobile Vertical Pointing Radar
Authors: Jameson A.R.
Published: November 2022

Rain occurs over a wide range of spatial scales. The challenge is to connect certain fine scale needs to the available large scale observations from radars, satellites or coarse grid numerical weather predictions. This is the problem of rescaling of the rainfall. Whatever approach is used, it requires a knowledge of rainfall scales over a wide range of possible dimensions from tens of meters to kilometers. It is also desirable to have measurements at different locations and under different meteorological settings. Such measurements are not necessarily readily obtainable, requiring extensive and usually fixed and expensive networks of multiple instruments over large areas. A mobile and less expensive alternative is the, Micro-Rain Radars (MRR). We illustrate this using observations of the Doppler spectra of falling rain every 10 m vertically and 10 second temporally over intervals varying from 15 up to 41 minutes collected at Wallop’s Island Virginia and Charleston South Carolina using two different MRR. An objective method to estimate advection velocity was developed so that the time-height profiles could be transformed into height-horizontal distance profiles in order to calculate scaling relations. Thus, MRR and other Doppler radars may obviate the need for networks of instruments.
Chorioamnionitis and Fetal Lung: from Animal Models to Human Fetuses
Authors: Kymioni Vasiliki , Sarafidis Kosmas , Papamitsou Theodora , Sioga Antonia
Published: November 2022

There is disagreement on the associations between chorioamnionitis and pneumonia/sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and bronchopulmonary (BPD)dysplasia, three pulmonary outcomes of concern for preterm newborns. Determining clear correlations is challenging due to the intricacy of the prenatal, postnatal, and therapeutic practices that affect the diagnosis of RDS, pneumonia/sepsis, and BPD, two long-term outcomes, as well as their short- and long-term consequences. Owing to the interconnected nature of the variables, the vaguely defined fetal exposures, and the imprecise identification of disorders like RDS and BPD, multivariant studies of huge data sets are unreliable methods for defining associations. On the other hand, research using animal models offers reliable data regarding the effects of exploratory chorioamnionitis on the fetal lung. Understanding the clinical intricacy and the experimental consequences of chorioamnionitis together will help us understand on the impact on the fetal lung .
High Resistance to Antibiotics Recommended in Standard Treatment Guidelines in Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study of Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Patients with Urinary Tract Infections between 2017 -2021
Authors: Asamoah Benjamin , Labi Appiah-Korang , Gupte Himanshu A , Davtyan Hayk , Peprah Georgette Marfo , Adu-Gyan Forster , Nair Divya , Muradyan Karlos , Jessani Nasreen S , Nyantakyi Paul Sekyere
Published: November 2022

Management of urinary tract infection is challenged by increasing antimicrobial re-sistance (AMR) worldwide. In this study we describe the trends in antimicrobial re-sistance of uropathogens isolated from the largest private sector laboratory in Ghana over a five-year period. We reviewed positive urine cultures at the MDS Lancet Laboratories from 2017 to 2021. Proportions of uropathogens with antimicrobial resistance to oral and parenteral antimicrobials recommended by the Ghana standard treatment guidelines were determined. The proportion of multi-drug resistant isolates, ESBL and car-bapenemase-producing phenotypes were determined. Of 94,134 urine specimens submitted for culture, 20,010 (22.1%) were culture positive. Enterobacterales were the commonest group of organisms, E. coli (70.6) being the commonest isolate and Enterococcus spp. the commonest gram positive (1.3%) organisms. Among oral antimicrobials the highest resistance was observed to ciprofloxacin (62.3%) and cefuroxime (60.2) %) and the least resistance to Fosfomycin (1.9%). The least resistance among parenteral antimicrobials was to meropenem ( 0.3%). Highest multi-drug resistance levels were observed among Klebsiella spp. (68.6%) and E. coli (64.0%). ESBL positivity was highest in Klebsiella spp. (58.6%) and E. coli (50.0%). There may be a need to review the Ghana standard treatment guidelines to reflect increased resistance among uropathogens to recom-mended antimicrobials
Changing The Largest Force of Inequality by Ruqayya in Radwa Ashour's The Woman from Tantoura
Authors: Halizza Bella Cintya Nur
Published: November 2022

Women as victims of sexist oppression become a global issues up to now. One of the causes that lead to women being victims of sexist oppression is a patriarchy system that is still developing. This study aims to analyse Ruqayya’s strength in dealing with various kinds of pressure as a Palestinian woman in Radwa Ashour’s The Woman from Tantoura. Furthermore, three issues will be investigated in this study, those are; kinds of sexist oppression experienced by Ruqayya, how solidarity is formed by sharing sources and how solidarity forms a unity front for the emergence of Ruqayya’s power practices to stop sexist oppression. This study is qualitative design because the data are collected in the form of words. The data of this study are the narrator’s explanations and the character’s utterances related to the three issues above. The results of the analysis show that Ruqayya experiences kinds of sexist oppression such as arranged marriages, violence, and sexual abuse. Ruqayya forms a bond of solidarity built on empathy and sharing sources. Ruqayya obtains power from the bond so that the action is formed by Ruqayya as her resistance to end sexist oppression.
Revealing Equiterra Campaign by United Nations Women: Multimodal Perspective
Authors: Sukma Mira Melati , Harti Laily Maulida Septiana , Ariyanti Lisetyo
Published: November 2022

Equiterra is a digital campaign that was released on 2020 International Women's Day by United Nations Women and Ruby Taylor. It is a digital illustration of a utopian country where equality and fairness manifested. It is constructed by rich verbal and visual elements which makes it a multimodal text. This study aims to analyze the three metafunctions of visual and verbal elements of Equiterra. The study is conducted using a qualitative method by analyzing the visual and verbal elements within illustration using the theory of Systemic Functional Linguistics by Halliday and Matthiessen (2014) and Visual Grammar by Kress and van Leeuwen (2006), also analyzing the interplay between verbal and visual elements using Intersemiotic Complementarity by Royce (1998). The data are the nine parts of Equiterra which are taken from the official website of United Nations Women that are separated but also joined together into forming a path. The analysis finds that Equiterra tries to represent people with various socio-cultural backgrounds to perform their activities and to obtain their maximum potential fairly and equally along with actively encouraging the viewer to make it possible. Furthermore, Equiterra is a feminist digital media that delivers the intersectional issues related to gender, equality, and inclusion which are used to raise awareness towards the problems around these topics.
The Use of Figures of Speech in Frost’s “Nothing Gold Can Stay”
Authors: Surya Ulvia Ika , Wardhono Agus , Salikin Hairus , Saksono Suryo Tri
Published: November 2022

The poem “Nothing Gold Can Stay” by Robert Frost illustrates how fleeting life is. Its rhyme arrangement (aa bb cc) demonstrates the poem’s brilliance. Based on the usage of figures of speech, this analysis illuminates the poem’s meaning. From the analysis, it is found out that: First, Frost succeeds in using figures of speech proportionally. Second, Frost underscores that nothing in our lives—nothing ideal, lovely, youthful, or pure—can ever endure.
Technology Development Framework: Moving from Qualitative toward Quantitative Decision-Making
Authors: Clark Hamish P. , Castellanos Diaz Orlando
Published: November 2022

Technology development in the energy sector typically suffers from an ad hoc approach to making decisions about the key questions of “What is the next derisking step?” and “At what scale?” This lack of structure in decision-making occurs despite the technology development process usually being within a stage-gated protocol. This often leads to significant waste of time and resources and plenty of “surprises” about the extent of additional testing required.

The approach proposed in this paper is relatively simple to use, scalable, and transferable across industry sectors. Consistent application of the methodology has the potential to bring a quantitative rigor that can lead to more effective and efficient technology development and improve both intellectual and monetary capital allocation. Additionally, the framework provided facilitates a more structured and faster learning curve for people moving into technology development roles. Starting with a high-level understanding of the technology and business case, the methodology identifies possible commercial deployments and associates key technical and commercial risks that can be barriers to commercialization. Then, using a “risk burndown” approach based around an initial assessment of probability of success (POS), different paths to deployment (PTDs) are developed. A value of information (VOI) approach is used to evaluate key metrics. This leads to a diverse set of derisking options with associated trade-offs for informed decision-making.

The methodology has been developed and deployed since 2017 across a portfolio of both incremental improvement and game-changing subsurface technologies at Suncor Energy, a large integrated Canadian energy company. More than 25 technologies have been progressed using elements of this workflow with 7 of the more complex and expensive projects using the full quantitative VOI approach. These analyses have been used to inform decision-making on more than $400 million1 of proposed derisking activity spend.
Correlation between Default mode network and Symptomatic Domains: A Spectral Approach to Schizophrenia
Authors: Sánchez Ana María Granados , Zapata Juan Felipe Orejuela , Dávila César Augusto Arango , Arango Isabella Moreno
Published: November 2022

Introduction
When evaluating psychiatric pathologies using imaging studies, the categorical approach supposes a significant challenge. Redefining these pathologies with the use of behavioral dimensions that are related to brain biology has been attempted. This paper aims to describe the findings on functional magnetic resonance imaging in patients with schizophrenia and correlate it with their symptomatic domains.
Materials and methods
This study is a descriptive, observational, transversal study. Fourteen patients with schizophrenia and Fourteen controls were explored using functional magnetic resonance during a resting period and developing easy, medium, and complex tasks. The default mode network was evaluated, registering the voxel activation on a cluster and its maximum activation over interest areas. Subjects were interrogated using the Derogatis Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R) and correlation coefficients were applied for data analysis.
Results
Diminished activation of the default mode network was evidenced in association with the complexity of the task in the control group. Patients presented a steady activation when comparing their resting state with the activation during the different tasks. A negative correlation was observed implicating the volume of the functional cluster in the posterior cingulate cortex during the high complexity task and the interpersonal sensitivity domain. A moderate positive correlation was found with symptomatic domains of interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, phobia, and depression, while a moderate negative association was found with psychosis.
Conclusions
Imaging evaluation of the psychiatric pathologies could be useful if the pathology is approached through the spectrum of symptomatic domains. This perspective would enhance the assertiveness of the therapeutics.
Trends in Emergency Department Anticoagulant Prescription for Patients with Venous Thromboembolism in China, 2016-2019
Authors: Wang Xia , Liu Xin , Zhao Zhigang , Guo Wei
Published: November 2022

Introduction:
Untreated acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) can have catastrophic consequences. Patients should be anticoagulated as soon as VTE is diagnosed. Based on the current clinical guidelines, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are recommended as the first-line anticoagulant treatment for VTE. However, the selection of anticoagulants is a complex task, especially in the emergency department (ED).
Methods
This population-based drug utilization study was conducted to investigate the status of anticoagulant prescriptions for VTE treated in the ED (ED-VTE; ICD-10 codes I26, I80, I82, and I27.82) and the trend in these prescriptions in four major Chinese cities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Guangzhou) between 2016.1.1 and 2019.12.31. All data were retrieved from a cooperative data program established by the Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Patients who were anticoagulated for initial or recurrent VTE in the EDs of participating institutions during the study period were included in the present analysis. The primary objective was to characterize the trend in anticoagulant prescriptions for ED-VTE; the secondary objective was to calculate the average cost of anticoagulants per prescription. The sample size was not estimated before data collection due to the retrospective nature of the study and the current scarcity of data on anticoagulant prescribing for ED-VTE.
Results
a total of 4609 prescriptions for anticoagulants were retrieved; none of these records was found to have incomplete data. The anticoagulants prescribed in the current study included low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), warfarin, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban. Of the included prescriptions, 63.9% were given to patients over 65 years old, and 55.0% were given to females. The city of Shanghai accounted for nearly half of the prescriptions. Generally, LMWH was the most frequently prescribed anticoagulant in the ED. Warfarin accounted for more than 60% of all oral anticoagulant prescriptions during the study period; the second most prescribed oral anticoagulant was rivaroxaban (32.1%). The utilization of rivaroxaban increased to 48.4% of all oral anticoagulants in 2019. Dabigatran was less frequently prescribed.
Conclusion
The selection of anticoagulants in the ED was complex. LMWH remained the most prescribed anticoagulant regardless of time, gender, institution location, or cost. Warfarin was the most prescribed oral anticoagulant from 2016 to 2018, but the number of rivaroxaban prescriptions exceeded the number of warfarin prescriptions in 2019. DOACs accounted for an increasing share of anticoagulant prescriptions during the study period. Further investigations are warranted.
Uncertain Portfolio Optimization based on Tsallis Entropy of Uncertain Sets
Authors: Xie Faqi , Zhao Hua , Ahmadzade Hamed , GaesmiGol Mohammad
Published: November 2022

Tsallis entropy is a flexible device to measure indeterminacy of uncertain sets. A formula is obtained to calculate Tsallis entropy of uncertain sets via inversion of membership functions. Also, by considering Tsallis entropy as a risk measure, we optimize portfolio selection problems via mean-entropy models.
LAB: A Leader-Advocate-Believer Based Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Reddy Ruturaj , Kulkarni Anand J , Krishnasamy Ganesh , Shastri Apoorva Sanket , Gandomi Amir H
Published: November 2022

This manuscript introduces a new socio-inspired metaheuristic technique referred to as Leader-Advocate-Believer based optimization algorithm (LAB) for engineering and global optimization problems. The proposed algorithm is inspired by the AI-based competitive behaviour exhibited by the individuals in a group while simultaneously improving themselves and establishing a role (Leader, Advocate, Believer). LAB performance in computational time and function evaluations are benchmarked using other metaheuristic algorithms. The LAB algorithm was applied for solving engineering problems, including abrasive water jet machining, electric discharge machining, micromachining processes and turning of titanium alloy in a minimum quantity lubrication environment. The results were compared with other algorithms such as Firefly Algorithm, Cohort Intelligence, Genetic Algorithm, Simulated Annealing, Particle Swarm Optimisation and Multi-Cohort Intelligence. The results from this study highlighted that the LAB outperforms the other algorithms in terms of function evaluations and computational time. The prominent features and limitations of the LAB algorithm are also discussed.
Lateral Torsional Buckling Effect on I- Section With Flange Bracing as Per IS 800:2007
Authors: Pandit Poornachandra , Venkata Praneeth D , Rahmatulla Mohammad
Published: November 2022

The lateral-torsional buckling occurs in a beam when the beam's unsupported length is greater. The beam will fail by lateral-torsional buckling when the compression flange is free to rotate and displace laterally. The lateral stability of the I-section is an important factor in the design of pre-engineered buildings. The design to resist the bending and twisting in the frame I-section that is rafter and column in lateral direction flange bracing acts as a restraint to resist lateral-torsional buckling. The top flange is connected with purlins to act as a lateral restraint. The bottom flange torsional moment is resisted by flange bracing. Increasing the flange bracing decreases the unsupported length of the compression flange, so there is a decrease in lateral-torsional buckling. If the non-dimensional slenderness ratio ( λlt < 0.4 ) the section is said to be laterally supported, according to IS 800. In this paper, how the lateral-torsional buckling affects when the restraints are provided at different intervals and how the section will be affected when the flange width, thickness, web depth and thickness changes.
Interferon-γ secreted by recruited Th1 cells in peritoneal cavity inhibits the formation of malignant ascites
Authors: SONG Yu , Liu Chang , Xiao Zhuanglong , Du Li , Zhu Shenghua , Xiang Hongyu , Wang Zehui , Liu Fang
Published: November 2022

Type1 T helper (Th1) cells generate an efficient antitumor immune response in multiple malignancies. The functions of Th1 cells in malignant ascites (MA) have not been elucidated. The distribution of helper T cells in peritoneal fluid and peripheral blood was determined in patients and animal model with malignant ascites. The effects of Th1-derived interferon-γ (IFN-γ) on the formation of malignant ascites were investigated. The mechanism underlying the recruitment of Th1 cells into peritoneal cavity was explored. In patients with malignant ascites and animal models of malignant ascites, the percentage of Th1 cells increased in peritoneal fluid compared with peripheral blood. Next, our experiment demonstrated that Th1 cells inhibited the growth of tumor cells by secreting IFN-γ in vitro. In murine models of malignant ascites, increased peritoneal fluid and shorter survival time were observed in IFN-γ−/− mice compared with WT mice. Then, the level of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) 9/10 and the ratio of CXCR3+ Th1 cells indicated the involvement of CXCL9, 10/CXCR3 axis in the recruitment of Th1 cells into peritoneal cavity. As expected, in murine models of malignant ascites, the gradient between ascites Th1 ratio and blood Th1 ratio decreased in CXCR3−/− mice compared with WT mice. IFN-γ secreted by recruited Th1 cells in peritoneal cavity inhibits the formation of malignant ascites. Hence, manipulation of Th1 cells or IFN-γ will provide a therapeutic candidate against malignant ascites.
Proposition and Application of Multi-criteria Analysis With Fuzzy Logic Approach and Consequential Life Cycle Assessment to Support Decision-making on Life Cycle Sustainability
Authors: Maranduba Henrique Leonardo , Cruz Rosenira Serpa da , Rodrigues Luciano Brito , Neto José Adolfo de Almeida
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study is to use a multicriteria fuzzy controller (MFC) associated with the cLCA to assist in the sustainability assessment, including different perspectives (environmental, exergetic, and economic), allowing more objectivity and confidence in interpreting results. The case used in this study to test the purpose uses a cradle-to-grave approach with a system expansion boundary (avoided burdens) of transporting one ton of cargo by one kilometer, with diesel B, using four ReCipe Midpoint categories (H) and the Cumulative Exergy Demand – CExD in the impact assessment. Three representative variables were chosen to test the integrated approach, two LCIA categories (CC and CExD) and one economic (Price). The results presented an approach that integrates cLCA and Fuzzy Logic, solving the limitations mentioned and providing a decision-making tool that can receive inputs from any Triple Bottom Line dimension and generate objective results. When used autonomously, the cLCIA presents results with trade-offs, categories with positive (CC, FE, and ALO), negative (CExD), or neutral impacts (NLT). When combined with Fuzzy Logic, the results bring surfaces, and response areas that allow decision-makers to visualize the limits and trends of the best scenarios, facilitating consensus and managing conflicts. The association of fuzzy controller LCA tools enabled more direct and objective results and findings to support decision-making, integrating different sustainability perspectives.
Microbial degradation of organophosphorous compounds by Soil bacterial isolates
Authors: Chauhan Vinita , Dhaked Ram Kumar
Published: November 2022

Several bacterial strains that can use organophosphates as a source of carbon have been isolated from the soil, where the synthesis of organophosphorus compound takes places. The enrichment of biodegrading bacteria for OP compound was carried out in mineral salt (MS1) medium. All these organisms synthesize an enzyme called organophosphorus hydrolase in each case the enzyme is encoded by a opd gene. The isolates were grouped together using pyro GC, PAGE and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Two species of bacteria which are degrading OP compound effectively were identified as sp. of Pseudomonas and Acinetobactor. Organophosphates were utilized second preferred after glucose as carbon source by these bacteria whereas acetate and lactose exhibited minimum effect on growth. Degradation of organophosphorus compound by the bacterial isolates was determined by the estimation of concentration of inorganic phosphorus after 12 and 24 h. The biodegradation of methyl parathion, dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), and sarin proceeded rapidly with the formation of a series of intermediate product, which were analyzed using a combination of GC/MS.
Human GLP1R variants affecting GLP1R cell surface expression contribute to impaired glucose control and increased adiposity
Authors: gao wenwen , liu lei , Huh Eunna , Hegron Alan , Fan Zhiran , Hou Guofei , Charpentier Guillaume , Derhourhi Mehdi , Marre Michel , Balkau Beverley , Froguel Philippe , Lichtarge Olivier , Dam Julie , Bonnefond Amélie , Liu Jianfeng , Jockers Ralf
Published: November 2022

The glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R) is a major drug target with several agonists being prescribed in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. The impact of genetic variability of the GLP1R gene on receptor function and its association with metabolic traits are unclear. Here, functional profiling of 59 rare and one common GLP1R variant across four signaling pathways reveals an unexpected diversity of phenotypes ranging from defective cell surface expression to complete or pathway-specific gain- and loss-of-functions. Defective insulin secretion of loss-of-function GLP1R variants was rescued by allosteric GLP1R ligands or high exendin-4 concentrations in INS-1 823/3 cells. Genetic association studies in 200K participants from UK Biobank show that impaired GLP1R cell surface expression contributes to impaired glucose control and increased adiposity with increased HbA1c, BMI and diastolic blood pressure. This study defines impaired GLP-1R cell surface expression as a risk factor for T2D- and obesity-associated traits.
Effects of Nonlinear Behaviour of Linear Ball Guideway on Chatter Frequency of Lathe Machine Tool
Authors: Hadraba Petr , Wang Jiunn-Jyh , Hadas Zdenek
Published: November 2022

Linear ball guideways (LBGs) have several advantages for the precise positioning control of machine tools. However, the ball-groove contact behaviour leads to poor dynamic compliance, which induces a significant nonlinear behaviour of the guideway and a poor chatter stability. Accordingly, the present study first employs Hertzian contact theory to describe the ball-groove contact behaviour in the LBG of a lathe machine. Two static models are then derived to predict the LBG stiffness under different cutting loads. For simplicity, the first model ignores the effects of the contact force on the deformation of the guideway components. By contrast, the second model adopts a dynamic sub-structuring co-simulation method to incorporate the effects of structural deformation into the analysis. For both models, a linearisation approach is employed to analyse the dynamic behaviour of the system under static loading and define the dynamic compliance. The chatter frequencies of the LBG are estimated using the second model and are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental results. In general, the analysis results show that fundamental shifts in the frequency response of the LBG occur under specific values of the cutting force and load. In other words, the results confirm the need to take the nonlinear behaviour of the LBG structure into account in the design of lathe machine tools.
Individualized flow-controlled versus conventional pressure-controlled ventilation in on-pump heart surgery (FLOWVENTIN HEARTSURG): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Becker Simon , Schnitzler Romina , Rembecki Martin , Geppert Johannes , Kurz Christian Tobias , Wichelhaus Lisa-Marie , Timmesfeld Nina , Zahn Peter
Published: November 2022

• Background:

In on-pump cardiac surgery lungs are at high risk of periprocedural organ impairment because of atelectasis formation, ventilator-induced lung injury and hyperinflammation due to the cardiopulmonary bypass which results in postoperative pulmonary complications in half of this patient population. The new ventilation mode flow-controlled ventilation (FCV) uniquely allows full control of ins- and expiratory airway flows. This approach reduces mechanical power of invasive ventilation as a possible cause of ventilator-induced lung injury. The scope of FLOWVENTIN HEARTSURG is to compare perioperative individualized FCV with best clinical practice pressure-controlled ventilation (PVC) modes in patients with elective on-pump cardiac surgery procedures. We hypothesize that the postoperative inflammatory response can be reduced by perioperative application of FCV compared to PCV.

• Methods:

FLOWVENTIN HEARTSURG is a single center, randomized, parallel group trial with two intervention arms: perioperative PCV modes (n = 70, PCV group) with an individualized positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and a tidal volume of 6–8 ml/kg predicted bodyweight compared to perioperative FCV (n = 70, FCV group) with an individualized PEEP and driving pressure, resulting in a liberal tidal volume. As the primary study endpoint interleukin 8 plasma level is assessed six hours after cardiopulmonary bypass as a surrogate biomarker of systemic and pulmonary inflammation. As secondary aims clinically relevant patient outcomes are analyzed, e.g. perioperative lung function regarding oxygenation indices, postoperative pulmonary and extra-pulmonary complications, SIRS-free days as well as ICU and total inpatient stays. As additional sub studies with an exploratory approach perioperative right ventricular function parameters are assessed by echocardiography and perioperative lung aeration by Electrical Impedance Tomography.

• Discussion:

Current paradigms regarding protective low tidal volume ventilation are consciously left in the FCV intervention group in order to reduce mechanical power as a determinant of ventilator-induced lung injury in this high-risk patient population and procedures. This approach will be compared in a randomized-controlled trial with current best clinical practice PCV in FLOWVENTIN HEARTSURG.

Trial registration:

German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00018956. Registered on 12 June 2020 (Version 1), last update on 22 August 2022 (Version 4), https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00018956.
Vision Rehabilitation Using Microperimetric Biofeedback Training in Age- Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Widihastha Sri Hudaya , Iskandar Erwin , Satari Karmelita , Irfani Irawati , Virgana Rova , Amiruddin Primawita Oktarima
Published: November 2022

Background
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative disease affecting retinal tissue that may cause central vision loss. Microperimetric Biofeedback Training (MBFT) is a visual rehabilitation to train patients who have lost foveal fixation to relocate the locus to an area of the retina with better sensitivity.
Objective
To determine the impact of MBFT on the quality of vision in patients with AMD.
Methods
This study was a prospective, interventional, comparative study with subjects of patients diagnosed with AMD in the National Eye Center Cicendo Eye Hospital. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, intervention and non-intervention, with balance block randomization. The intervention group would receive six MBFT training sessions of 10-minute time duration each.
Results
The number of subjects enrolled in this study was 36, with 18 patients in each group. A statistically significant improvement of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was found after the intervention, from 1.24 ± 0.416 logMar to 0.83 ± 0.242 (P < 0.001). A statistically significant improvement for near vision acuity (NVA) was also observed, from 1.02 ± 0.307 logMar to 0.69 ± 0.278 logMar (P < 0.001). In addition, reading rate increased, from 40.83 ± 30,411 words/minute to 65.06 ± 31,598 words/minute (P < 0.001). Similarly, a comparison of changes in BCVA, NVA, and reading rate between intervention and non-intervention groups showed a significant difference (P < 0.001).
Conclusion
Microperimetric biofeedback training significantly and positively impacts visual acuity, near vision acuity, and reading rate in patients with AMD.
Ovarian Inactivity in Traditionally Raised Indonesian Bligon Goats: Association with Microminerals
Authors: Widiyono Irkham
Published: November 2022

This study was aimed to investigate the ovarian activity and its association with serum micromineral level in Indonesian Bligon goats. The observations were conducted on non-pregnant Bligon goat does, 2–3 years old, with poor to moderate body condition (Body Condition Score, BCS 1–3 on a scale of 5), reared traditionally, and slaughtered in a slaughterhouse in Yogyakarta Indonesia during the period of April – August (dry season). All animals did not show any gynecological and systemic disease. Before slaughtering, venous blood samples were taken for blood chemistry. After slaughtering, the ovaries were immediately removed for examination of the follicles and the corpus luteum. Zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in serum were analyzed by Atomic Absorbent Spectrophotometry. There were 9 animals with inactive ovaries (IO). As a control, 16 animals with active ovaries (AO) were observed. The IO animals had serum Zn level of 2.30 ± 1.17 ppm, while AO had a significantly higher one, 3.64 ± 1.68 ppm (p < 0.05). The serum Cu level in the IO was 0.55 ± 0.13 ppm, while the serum Cu level in AO tended to be higher, namely 0.62 ± 0.19 ppm (p > 0.05). The IO had BCS of 1.56 ± 0.39, while the AO had a higher BCS of 2.50 ± 0.58 (p < 0.05). It could be concluded that ovarian inactivity in Bligon goats with poor body condition had a close association with microminerals Cu and Zn metabolism. It is necessary to pay attention to nutritional aspect of this animal to improve its reproductive and productive performance as well as health condition.
The impact of training chemotherapy safety standards with a smartphone application on the knowledge, attitude, and performance of nurses
Authors: Hojati Zohreh , Goudarzi Fateme , Hasanvand Shirin , Galehdar Nasrin , Birjandi Mehdi
Published: November 2022

Background: Nurses who play the leading role in caring for patients, especially nurses in the chemotherapy department who are constantly exposed to high-risk drugs and their side effects, should pay more attention to occupational safety. This study was performed to determine the effect of training chemotherapy safety standards using a smartphone application on nurses' knowledge, attitude, and practice.
Methods: The whole enumeration selected fifty oncology nurses from 3 hospitals affiliated with Lorestan University of Medical Sciences (western Iran). The study was conducted from June to November 2021. The training was done for four weeks with a smartphone application, including six main courses of familiarity with antineoplastic drugs, personal protective equipment, drug preparation, prescription and transfer, waste leakage, and elimination. The nurses' knowledge, attitude, and performance questionnaire were completed before, immediately, and one month after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, descriptive and inferential statistical tests of independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, repeated measures analysis of variance, and the Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) model.
Results: Mean knowledge score of participants before, immediately, and one month after the intervention was (47.18 ± 8.19), (60.08 ± 3.82), and (61.88 ± 3.45), respectively. The mean attitude score of participants before, immediately, and one month after the intervention was (30.34 ± 3.94), (34.32 ± 3.25), and (34.98± 2.88), respectively, and the mean performance score of participants before, immediately, and one month after the intervention was (43.60 ±5.11), (51.78 ± 3.15) and (52.88 ± 3.06), respectively. The mean nurses' knowledge, attitude, and performance score increased significantly over time (P <0.001).
Conclusions: Teaching chemotherapy safety standards using the application improved oncology nurses' knowledge, attitude, and performance. Appropriate educational programs, especially new methods such as e-learning, are recommended for providing safety for nurses and methods of its promotion.
Engineered Myeloid Precursors Differentiate into Osteoclasts and Resorb Heterotopic Ossification in Mice
Authors: Rementer Cameron , Yavirach Apichai , Buranaphatthana Worakanya , Ausk Brandon , Speer Mei , Pierce Kate , Dharmarajan Subramanian , Scatena Marta , Leber Elizabeth , Rasch Alexander , Sangiorzan Bruce , Bain Steven , Giachelli Cecilia
Published: November 2022

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is prevalent following orthopedic trauma, traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries, brain, and limb amputations, particularly in combat veterans. HO causes pain, limited mobility and decreased quality of life. Current treatments are limited and have significant complications with high recurrence rates, underscoring the need for improved therapeutic interventions. In this study, we used genetically engineered osteoclasts (OCs) as a cell therapy to treat HO. Inducible, engineered myeloid precursors (iRANK cells) treated with chemical inducer of dimerization (CID) differentiated into TRAP+ multinucleated OCs, expressed functional osteopontin, and resorbed mineralized tissues in vitro. To investigate if iRANK OCs could reduce HO in vivo, HO lesions were induced by injections of BMP-2, and iRANK cells were locally delivered to ectopic bone nodules with concomitant systemic administration of CID. Micro-CT and histology showed that HO lesions were significantly reduced, and more OCs were observed in the cell-treated group compared to the control. Moreover, many OCs were TRAP, MMP9, and GFP-positive indicating that they differentiated from delivered iRANK cells. Thus, our data confirm the ability of engineered myeloid precursors to differentiate into OCs and resorb HO lesions in vivo paving the way for OC delivery as a promising approach for HO treatment.
Evaluation of large-scale medical equipment in public hospitals in China from the perspective of value-based medicine: a Delphi study
Authors: Ji-Zhuo Peng , WU Wei-Xuan , XU Jun , Ting-Ting Yang , ZHANG Zi-Cheng , Cheng-cheng LU , De-min Li
Published: November 2022

Objective
To select the value evaluation index system of large-scale medical equipment in public hospitals in China, to provide an evidence-based decision-making basis for the introduction and management of large-scale medical equipment.
Methods
Based on the theory of value medical and whole life cycle, literature analysis was used to establish the original indicator library of value evaluation of large-scale medical equipment. We used a 2-round Delphi technique to conduct expert consultation on the alternative value evaluation indicators of large-scale medical equipment, and further select indicators to build a value evaluation index system to determine its weight.
Results
A total of 17 experts were selected in this study to participate in the consultation, with an average professional period of 19.15. The positive coefficients of the two rounds of consultation were 88% and 100% respectively. The expert authority coefficient of the first round and the second round was 0.83. In the second round of consultation, the expert consistency coefficient (Kendall's W) of the first-level indicators and the second-level indicators were 0.305 and 0.387 (P < 0.005). The weights of engineering value, clinical value, economic value, and social value were 0.2433, 0.3267, 0.2433, and 0.1867, respectively. The Delphi coordinating group agreed that 24 secondary indicators were finally selected.
Conclusion
This study has built a large-scale medical equipment value evaluation index system through the Delphi method.The second round of consulting experts' evaluation opinions tend to be consistent, with a high degree of coordination. The constructed value evaluation index system of large-scale medical equipment is scientific and reliable.
Pollen morphology of the genus Gossypium and its systematic implications
Authors: Cai Xiaoyan , Hou Yuqing , Wang Heng , Xu Yanchao , Zheng Jie , Wang Yuhong , Liu Fang , Zhou Zhongli , Hua Jinping , Wang Kunbo
Published: November 2022

Background
Plants develop a variety of pollen morphological features during long-term evolution, which are controlled by genes and are not easily affected by the external natural environment. Therefore, pollen morphology has great significance in plant taxonomy, evolution and identification. However, there is no detailed study on the pollen morphology of the Gossypium genus although some cotton species have been investigated in the scattered reports. In this study, the pollen morphology of 23 cotton species was comprehensively examined using scanning electron microscopy to evaluate the pollen diversity of the genus and its taxonomic significance.
Results
The common characteristics of Gossypium pollen are spherical, radially symmetrical, echinate, panporate and operculate. The pollen diameter ranges from 62.43µm in G. harknessii to 103.41µm in G. barbadense, revealing that there are great variations in pollen size among cotton species. Moreover, the exine sculpture is echinate. The exine echini shape is mostly conical or sharply conical and occasionally rodlike. Echini density is found maximum in G. incanum (173) and minimum in G.gossypioides (54), meanwhile, echini length varies from 3.53 µm in G. herbaceum to 9.47 µm in G. barbadense. In addition, all cotton species are divided into three clusters based on cluster analysis, which provides new understanding of the evolution and phylogeny of the Gossypium genus.
Conclusion
Although the pollen characteristics alone are insufficient to reconstruct taxonomic and systematic relationships within the genus Gossypium, our findings can enrich our knowledge of sporopollen morphology and fill the phenological gap of these taxa and will contribute to future systematic and phylogenetic studies of the Gossypium genus.
Optical Modeling of a Cylindrical-Hemispherical Receiver for Parabolic Dish Concentrator
Authors: Kumar Kolli Harish , Reddy Desireddy Shashidar , Karmakar Malay
Published: November 2022

Among all sub-systems ofa solar thermal energy system, thereceiverplays a major role while getting the heat energy from the concentrator. The reliability of such systems depends on the amount of solar energy being collected by the receiver, which ismainlycharacterised by the optical parameters likefocal length, aperture diameter, surface absorptivity and slope error. In this paper,the optical analysis of a cylindrical-hemispherical type receiver coupled with a3m diameter parabolic dish concentrator has been discussed. The studyhas been carried out using SolTracesoftware by varying the parameters likereceiver aperture diameter (Da) ranging from 0.125 to 0.162 m, surface error of the concentrator from 1.7453 to 34.907mrad and also surface absorptivity (α) from 75% to 95%for different receiver distances(H) ranging from 1.7 to 1.95m. From the simulation results, it is observed that the optical efficiency is maximum when the receiver distance is 1.85m for receiver aperture diameter of 0.150 m for the given system. Increase in the slope errors from 1.7453 to 17.453 mrad decreases the average optical efficiency by almost 50% for all receiver diameters.It is alsonoticed that uniform heat flux distribution can be achieved when the position of the receiver is maintained at H = 1.85 m from the concentrator for the given receiver diameterand surface absorptivity of the receiver of 0.150 m and 95% respectively.The simulated results of heat flux intensity on the receiver surface are then compared and validated by the experimental results available in literature. The simulatedoptical efficiency of the presentreceiver is also found to be 8% higher when it is compared with a conventional cylindrical receiver having similardimensions.
Lis1 relieves cytoplasmic dynein-1 autoinhibition by acting as a molecular wedge
Authors: Leschziner Andres , Karasmanis Eva , Reimer Janice , Kendrick Agnieszka , Rodriguez Jennifer , Truong Joey , Lahiri Indrajit , Reck-Peterson Samara
Published: November 2022

Cytoplasmic dynein-1 transports many intracellular cargos towards microtubule minus ends. Dynein is autoinhibited and undergoes conformational changes to form an active complex, consisting of one or two dynein dimers, the dynactin complex and activating adaptor(s)1,2. The Lissencephaly 1 gene, LIS1, is genetically linked to the dynein pathway from fungi to mammals and is mutated in patients with the neurodevelopmental disease lissencephaly3–5. Lis1 is required for active dynein complexes to form6–10, but how it does so is unclear. Here, we present a structure of two dynein motor domains with two Lis1 dimers wedged in-between. The contact sites between dynein and Lis1 in this structure, termed “Chi”, are required for Lis1’s regulation of dynein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in vivo and the formation of active human dynein–dynactin–activating adaptor complexes in vitro. We propose that this structure represents an intermediate in dynein’s activation pathway, revealing how Lis1 relieves dynein’s autoinhibited state.
Identification of molecular subtypes and prognostic signatures based on transient receptor potential channel-related genes to predict the prognostic risk of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wu Dongyang , Cai Qingshan , Liu Dong , Zuo Ganggang , Li Shudong , Liu Liyou , Zheng Jianxing
Published: November 2022

Objective: Abnormal transient receptor potential (TRP) channel function interferes with intracellular calcium-based signaling and causes malignant phenotypes. However, effects of TRP channel-related genes on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unknown. This study aimed to identify HCC molecular subtypes and prognostic signatures based on TRP channel-related genes to predict its prognostic risks.
Methods: With the expression data of TRP channel-related genes, unsupervised hierarchical clustering was applied to identify HCC molecular subtypes, followed by comparisons of clinical and immune microenvironment characteristics between the resulting subtypes. After screening differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among subtypes, prognostic signatures were identified to construct risk score-based prognostic and nomogram models and predict HCC survival. Finally, tumor drug sensitivities were predicted and compared between risk groups.
Results: Sixteen TRP channel-related genes that were differentially expressed between HCC and normal tissues were used to identify two subtypes, of which cluster 1 had higher TRP scores, better survival status, and lower levels of clinical malignancy. Immune-related analyses also revealed higher infiltrations of M1 macrophages and immune and stromal scores in cluster 1 compared with cluster 2. After screening DEGs between subtypes, six prognostic signatures were identified to construct prognostic and nomogram models. The potential of these models for assessing HCC prognostic risks was further validated. Furthermore, cluster 1 was more distributed in the low-risk group with higher drug sensitivities.
Conclusion: Two HCC subtypes were identified, among which cluster 1 was associated with a favorable prognosis. Prognostic signatures related to TRP channel genes and molecular subtypes can predict HCC prognostic risks.