Effect of Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody Treatment on Early Trajectories of Virologic and Immunologic Biomarkers in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19
Authors: Jensen Tomas O , Grandits Greg A , Jain Mamta K , Murray Thomas A , Grund Birgit , Shaw-Saliba Kathryn , Matthay Michael A , Abassi Mahsa , Ardelt Magdalena , Baker Jason V , Chen Peter , Dewar Robin L , Goodman Anna L , Hatlen Timothy J , Highbarger Helene C , Holodniy Mark , Lallemand Perrine , Laverdure Sylvain , Leshnower Bradley G , Looney David , Moschopoulos Charalampos D , Mugerwa Henry , Murray Daniel D , Mylonakis Eleftherios , Nagy-Agren Stephanie , Rehman M Tauseef , Rupert Adam , Stevens Randy A , Turville Stuart , Weintrob Amy , Wick Katherine , Lundgren Jens , Ko Emily R ,   for the ACTIV-3/TICO Study Group, Sahner David , Tierney John , Vogel Susan E , Herpin Betsey R , Smolskis Mary C , McKay Laura A , Cahill Kelly , Crew Page , Sardana Ratna , Raim Sharon Segal , Hensely Lisa , Lorenzo Johsua , Mock Rebecca , Zuckerman Judith , Atri Negin , Miller Mark , Vallee David , Chung Lucy , Kang Nayon , Barrett Kevin , Adam Stacey J , Read Sarah , Draghia-Akli Ruxandra , Currier Judy , Hughes Eric , Harrigan Rachel H , Amos Laura , Carlsen Amy , Carter Anita , Collins Gary , Davis Bionca , Denning Eileen , DuChene Alain , Eckroth Kate , Engen Nicole , Frase Alex , Gandits Greg , Grund Birgit , Harrison Merrie , Hurlbut Nancy , Kaiser Payton , Koopmeiners Joseph , Larson Gregg , Meger Sue , Mistry Shweta Sharma , Murray Thomas , Nelson Ray , Quan Kien , Quan Siu Fun , Reilly Cavan , Siegel Lianne , Thompson Greg , Vock David , Walski Jamie , Gelijns Annetine C , Moskowitz Alan J , Bagiella Emilia , Moquete Ellen , O'Sullivan Karen , Marks Mary E , Accardi Evan , Kinzel Emily , Burris Sarah , Bedoya Gabriela , Gupta Lola , Overbey Jessica R , Santos Milerva , Gillinov Marc A , Miller Marissa A , Taddei-Peters Wendy C , Fenton Kathleen , Sandkovsky Uriel , Gottlieb Robert L , Mack Michael , Berhe Mezgebe , Haley Clinton , Dishner Emma , Bettacchi Christopher , Golden Kevin , Duhaime Erin , Ryan Madison , Burris Sarah , Tallmadge Catherine , Estrada Lorie , Jones Felecia , Villa Samatha , Wang Samatha , Robert Raven , Coleman Tanquinisha , Clariday Laura , Baker Rebecca , Hurutado-Rodriguez Mariana , Iram Nazia , Fresnedo Michelle , Davis Allyson , Leonard Kiara , Ramierez Noelia , Thammavong Jon , Duque Krizia , Turner Emma , Fisher Tammy , Robinson Dianna , Ransom Desirae , Maldonado Nicholas , Lusk Erica , Killian Aaron , Palacious Adriana , Solis Edilia , Jerrow Janet , Watts Matthew , Whitacre Heather , Cothran Elizabeth , Smith Peter K , Barkauskas Christina E , Vekstein Andrew M , Ko Emily R , Dreyer Grace R , Stafford Neil , Brooks Megan , Der Tatyana , Witte Marie , Gamarallage Ruwan , Franzone John , Ivey Noel , Lumsden Rebecca H , Mosaly Nilima , Mourad Ahmaad , Holland Thomas L , Motta Mary , Lane Kathleen , McGowan Lauren M , Stout Jennifer , Aloor Heather , Bragg Kennesha M , Toledo Barvina , McLendon-Arvik Beth , Bussadori Barbara , Hollister Beth A , Griffin Michelle , Giangiacomo Dana M , Rodriguez Vicente , Bokhart Gordon , Eichman Sharon M , Parrino Patrick E , Spindel Stephen , Bansal Aditya , Baumgarten Katherine , Hand Johnathan , Vonderhaar Derek , Nossaman Bobby , Laudun Sylvia , Ames DeAnna , Broussard Shane , Hernandez Nilmo , Isaac Geralyn , Dinh Huan , Zheng Yiling , Tran Sonny , McDaniel Hunter , Crovetto Nicolle , Perin Emerson , Costello Briana , Manian Prasad , Sohail M Rizwan , Postalian Alexander , Hinsu Punit , Watson Carolyn , Chen James , Fink Melyssa , Sturgis Lydia , Walker Kim , Mahon Kim , Parenti Jennifer , Kappenman Casey , Knight Aryn , Sturek Jeffrey M , Barros Andrew , Enfield Kyle B , Kadl Alexandra , Green China J , Simon Rachel M , Fox Ashley , Thornton Kara , Adams Amy , Badhwar Vinay , Sharma Sunil , Peppers Briana , McCarthy Paul , Krupica Troy , Sarwari Arif , Reece Rebecca , Fornaresico Lisa , Glaze Chad , Evans Raquel , Di Fang , Carlson Shawn , Aucremanne Tanja , Tennant Connie , Giblin Sutton Lisa , Buterbaugh Sabrina , Williams Roger , Bunner Robin , Traverse Jay H , Rhame Frank , Huelster Joshua , Kethireddy Rajesh , Davies Irena , Salamanca Julianne , Majeski Christine , Skelton Paige , Zarambo Maria , Sarafolean Andrea , Bowdish Michael E , Borok Zea , Wald-Dickler Noah , Hutcheon Douglass , Towfighi Amytis , Lee Mary , Lewis Meghan R , Spellberg Brad , Sher Linda , Sharma Aniket , Olds Anna P , Justino Chris , Loxano Edward , Romero Chris , Leong Janet , Rodina Valentina , Quesada Christine , Hamilton Luke , Escobar Jose , Leshnower Brad , Bender William , Sharifpour Milad , Miller Jeffrey , Farrington Woodrow , Baio Kim T , McBride Mary , Fielding Michele , Mathewson Sonya , Porte Kristina , Maton Missy , Ponder Chari , Haley Elisabeth , Spainhour Christine , Rogers Susan , Tyler Derrick , Madathil Ronson J , Rabin Joseph , Levine Andrea , Saharia Kapil , Tabatabai Ali , Lau Christine , Gammie James S , Peguero Maya-Loren , McKernan Kimberly , Audette Mathew , Fleischmann Emily , Akbari Kreshta , Lee Myounghee , Chi Andrew , Salehi Hanna , Pariser Alan , Nyguyen Phuong Tran , Moore Jessica , Gee Adrienne , Vincent Shelika , Zuckerman Richard A , Iribarne Alexander , Metzler Sara , Shipman Samantha , Johnson Haley , Newton Crystallee , Parr Doug , Miller Leslie , Schelle Beth , McLean Sherry , Rothbaum Howard R , Alvarez Michael S , Kalan Shivam P , Germann Heather H , Hendershot Jennifer , Moroney Karen , Herring Karen , Cook Sharri , Paul Pam , Walker-Ignasiak Rebecca , North Crystal , Oldmixon Cathryn , Ringwood Nancy , Muzikansky Ariela , Morse Richard , Fitzgerald Laura , Morin Haley D , Brower Roy G , Reineck Lora A , Bienstock Karen , Steingrub Jay H , Hou Peter K , Steingrub Jay S , Tidswell Mark A , Kozikowski Lori-Ann , Kardos Cynthia , DeSouza Leslie , Romain Sarah , Thornton-Thompson Sherell , Talmor Daniel , Shapiro Nathan , Andromidas Konstantinos , Banner-Goodspeed Valerie , Bolstad Michael , Boyle Katherine L , Cabrera Payton , deVilla Arnaldo , Ellis Joshua C , Grafals Ana , Hayes Sharon , Higgins Conor , Kurt Lisa , Kurtzman Nicholas , Redman Kimberly , Rosseto Elinita , Scaffidi Douglas , Shapiro Nathan , Filbin Michael R , Hibbert Kathryn A , Parry Blair , Margolin Justin , Hillis Brooklynn , Hamer Rhonda , Brait Kelsey , Beakes Caroline , McKaig Brenna , Kugener Eleonore , Jones Alan E , Galbraith James , Nandi Utsav , Peacock Rebekah , Hendey Gregory , Kangelaris Kirsten , Ashktorab Kimia , Gropper Rachel , Agrawal Anika , Yee Kimberley J , Jauregui Alejandra E , Zhuo Hanjing , Almasri Eyad , Fayed Mohamed , Hubel Kinsley A , Hughes Alyssa R , Garcia Rebekah L , Lim George W , Chang Steven Y , Hendey Gregory , Lin Michael Y , Vargas Julia , Sihota Hena , Beutler Rebecca , Agarwal Trisha , Wilson Jennifer G , Vojnik Rosemary , Perez Cynthia , McDowell Jordan H , Roque Jonasel , Wang Henry , Huebinger Ryan M , Patel Bela , Vidales Elizabeth , Albertson Timothy , Hardy Erin , Harper Richart , Moss Marc A , Baduashvili Amiran , Chauhan Lakshmi , Douin David J , Martinez Flora , Finck Lani L , Bastman Jill , Howell Michelle , Higgins Carrie , McKeehan Jeffrey , Finigan Jay , Stubenrauch Peter , Janssen William J , Griesmer Christine , VerBurg Olivia , Hyzy Robert C , Park Pauline K , Nelson Kristine , McSparron Jake I , Co Ivan N , Wang Bonnie R , Jimenez Jose , Olbrich Norman , McDonough Kelli , Jia Shijing , Hanna Sinan , Gong Michelle N , Richardson Lynne D , Nair Rahul , Lopez Brenda , Amosu Omowunmi , Offor Obiageli , Tzehaie Hiwet , Nkemdirim William , Boujid Sabah , Mosier Jarrod M , Hypes Cameron , Campbell Elizabeth Salvagio , Bixby Billie , Gilson Boris , Lopez Anitza , Bime Christian , Parthasarathy Sairam , Cano Ariana M , Hite R Duncan , Terndrup Thomas E , Wiedemann Herbert P , Hudock Kristin , Tanzeem Hammad , More Harshada , Martinkovic Jamie , Sellers Susan , Houston Judy , Burns Mary , Kiran Simra , Roads Tammy , Kennedy Sarah , Duggal Abhijit , Thiruchelvam Nirosshan , Ashok Kiran , King Alexander H , Mehkri Omar , Dugar Siddharth , Sahoo Debasis , Yealy Donald M , Angus Derek C , Weissman Alexandra J , Vita Tina M , Berryman Emily , Hough Catherine L , Khan Akram , Krol Olivia F , Mills Emmanuel , Kinjal Mistry , Briceno Genesis , Reddy Raju , Hubel Kinsley , Jouzestani Milad K , McDougal Madeline , Deshmukh Rupali , Johnston Nicholas J , Robinson Bryce H , Gundel Staphanie J , Katsandres Sarah C , Chen Peter , Torbati Sam S , Parimon Tanyalak , Caudill Antonina , Mattison Brittany , Jackman Susan E , Chen Po-En , Bayoumi Emad , Ojukwu Cristabelle , Fine Devin , Weissberg Gwendolyn , Isip Katherine , Choi-Kuaea Yunhee , Mehdikhani Shaunt , Dar Tahir B , Augustin Nsole Biteghe Fleury , Tran Dana , Dukov Jennifer Emilow , Matusov Yuri , Choe June , Hindoyan Niree A , Wynter Timothy , Pascual Ethan , Clapham Gregg J , Herrera Lisa , Caudill Antonia , O'Mahony D Shane , Nyatsatsang Sonam T , Wilson David M , Wallick Julie A , Duven Alexandria M , Fletcher Dakota D , Miller Chadwick , Files D Clark , Gibbs Kevin W , Flores Lori S , LaRose Mary E , Landreth Leigha D , Palacios D Rafael , Parks Lisa , Hicks Madeline , Goodwin Andrew J , Kilb Edward F , Lematty Caitlan T , Patti Kerilyn , Grady Abigail , Rasberry April , Morris Peter E , Sturgill Jamie L , Cassity Evan P , Dhar Sanjay , Montgomery-Yates Ashley A , Pasha Sarah N , Mayer Kirby P , Bissel Brittany , Trott Terren , Rehman Shahnaz , de Wit Marjolein , Mason Jessica , Bledsoe Joseph , Knowlton Kirk U , Brown Samuel , Lanspa Michael , Leither Lindsey , Pelton Ithan , Armbruster Brent P , Montgomery Quinn , Kumar Naresh , Fergus Melissa , Imel Karah , Palmer Ghazal , Webb Brandon , Klippel Carolyn , Jensen Hannah , Duckworth Sarah , Gray Andrew , Burke Tyler , Knox Dan , Lumpkin Jenna , Aston Valerie T , Applegate Darrin , Serezlic Erna , Brown Katie , Merril Mardee , Harris Estelle S , Middleton Elizabeth A , Barrios Macy A G , Greer Jorden , Schmidt Amber D , Webb Melissa K , Paine Roert , Callahan Sean J , Waddoups Lindsey J , Yamane Misty B , Self Wesley H , Rice Todd W , Casey Jonathan D , Johnson Jakea , Gray Christopher , Hays Margaret , Roth Megan , Menon Vidya , Kasubhai Moiz , Pillai Anjana , Daniel Jean , Sittler Daniel , Kanna Balavenkatesh , Jilani Nargis , Amaro Francisco , Santana Jessica , Lyakovestsky Aleksandr , Madhoun Issa , Desroches Louis Marie , Amadon Nicole , Bahr Alaa , Ezzat Imaan , Guerrero Maryanne , Padilla Joane , Fullmer Jessie , Singh Inderpreet , Shah Syed Hamad Ali , Narang Rajeev , Mock Polly , Shadle Melissa , Hernandez Brenda , Welch Kevin , Payne Andrea , Ertl Gabriela , Canario Daniel , Barrientos Isabel , Goss Danielle , DeVries Mattie , Folowosele Ibidolapo , Garner Dorothy , Gomez Mariana , Price Justin , Bansal Ekta , Wong Jim , Faulhaber Jason , Fazili Tasaduq , Yeary Brian , Ndolo Ruth , Bryant Christina , Smigeil Bridgette , Robinson Philip , Najjar Rana , Jones Patrice , Nguyen Julie , Chin Christina , Taha Hassan , Najm Salah , Smith Christopher , Moore Jason , 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Jens-Ulrik Staehr , Overgaard Rikke , Rastoder Ema , Heerfordt Christian , Hedsund Caroline , Ronn Christian Phillip , Kamstrup Peter Thobias , Hogsberg Dorthe Sandbaek , Bergsoe Christina , Søborg Christian , Hissabu Nuria M S , Arp Bodil C , Ostergaard Lars , Staerke Nina Breinholt , Yehdego Yordanos , Sondergaard Ane , Johansen Isik S , Arnholdt Pedersen Andreas , Knudtzen Fredrikke C , Larsen Lykke , Hertz Mathias A , Fabricius Thilde , Holden Inge K , Lindvig Susan O , Helleberg Marie , Gerstoft Jan , Kirk Ole , Bruun Tina , Jensen Tomas Ostergaard , Madsen Birgitte Lindegaard , Pedersen Thomas Ingemann , Harboe Zitta Barrella , Roge Birgit Thorup , Hansen Thomas Michael , Glesner Matilde Kanstrup , Lofberg Sandra Valborg , Nielsen Ariella Denize , Leicht von Huth Sebastian , Nielsen Henrik , Thisted Rikke Krog , Petersen Kristine Toft , Juhl Maria Ruwald , Podlekareva Daria , Johnsen Stine , Andreassen Helle Frost , Pedersen Lars , Lindnér Cecilia Ebba Clara Ellinor , Wiese 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Burgos Joaquin , Morales-Rull Jose Luis , Pena Anna Maria Moreno , Acosta Cristina , Solé-Felip Cristina , Horcajada Juan P , Sendra Elena , Castañeda Silvia , López-Montesinos Inmaculada , Gómez-Junyent Joan , Gonzáles Carlota Gudiol , Cuervo Guilermo , Pujol Miquel , Carratalà Jordi , Videla Sebastià , Günthard Huldrych , Braun Dominique L , West Emily , M'Rabeth-Bensalah Khadija , Eichinger Mareile L , Grüttner-Durmaz Manuela , Grube Christina , Zink Veronika , Goes Josefine , Fätkenheuer Gerd , Malin Jakob J , Tsertsvadze Tengiz , Abutidze Akaki , Chkhartishvili Nikoloz , Metchurtchlishvili Revaz , Endeladze Marina , Paciorek Marcin , Bursa Dominik , Krogulec Dominika , Pulik Piotr , Ignatowska Anna , Horban Andrzej , Bakowska Elzbieta , Kowaska Justyna , Bednarska Agnieszka , Jurek Natalia , Skrzat-Klapaczynska Agata , Bienkowski Carlo , Hackiewicz Malgorzata , Makowiecki Michal , Platowski Antoni , Fishchuk Roman , Kobrynska Olena , Levandovska Khrystyna , Kirieieva Ivanna , Kuziuk Mykhailo , Naucler Pontus , Perlhamre Emma , Mazouch Lotta , Kelleher Anthony , Polizzotto Mark , Carey Catherine , Chang Christina C , Hough Sally , Virachit Sophie , Davidson Sarah , Bice Daniel J , Ognenovska Katherine , Cabrera Gesalit , Flynn Ruth , Young Barnaby E , Chia Po Ying , Lee Tau Hong , Lin Ray J , Lye David C , Ong Sean W X , Puah Ser Hon , Yeo Tsin Wen , Diong Shiau Hui , Ongko Juwinda , Yeo He Ping , Eriobu Nnakelu , Kwaghe Vivian , Zaiyad Habib , Idoko Godwin , Uche Blessing , Selvamuthu Poongulali , Kumarasamy Nagalingeswaran , Beulah Faith Ester , Govindarajan Narayan , Mariyappan Kowsalya , Losso Marcelo H , Abela Cecilia , Moretto Renzo , Belloc Carlos G , Ludueña Jael , Amar Josefina , Losso Marcelo H , Toibaro Javier , Macias Laura Moreno , Fernandez Lucia , Frare Pablo S , Chaio Sebastian R , Pachioli Valeria , Timpano Stella M , Sanchez Marisa del Lujan , Sierra Mariana de Paz , Stanek Vanina , Belloso Waldo , Cilenti Flavia L , Valentini Ricardo N , Stryjewski Martin E , Locatelli Nicolas , Soler Riera Maria C , Salgado Clara , Baeck Ines M , Di Castelnuovo Valentina , Zarza Stella M , Hudson Fleur , Parmar Mahesh K B , Goodman Anna L , Badrock Jonathan , Gregory Adam , Goodall Katharine , Harris Nicola , Wyncoll James , Bhagani S , Rodger A , Luntiel A , Patterson C , Morales J , Witele E , Preston A M , Nandani A , Price D A , Hanrath Aiden , Nell Jeremy , Patel Bijal , Hays Carole , Jones Geraldine , Davidson Jade , Goodman Anna L , Bawa T , Mathews M , Mazzella A , Bisnauthsing K , Aguilar-Jimenez L , Borchini F , Hammett S , Touloumi Giota , Pantazis Nikos , Gioukari Vicky , Souliou Tania , Antoniadou A , Protopapas K , Kavatha D , Grigoropoulou S , Tziolos R N , Oikonomopoulo C , Moschopoulos C , Koulouris N G , Tzimopoulos K , Koromilias A , Argyraki K , Lourida P , Bakakos P , Kalomenidis I , Vlachakos V , Barmparessou Z , Balis E , Zakynthinos S , Sigala I , Gianniou N , Dima E , Magkouta S , Synolaki E , Konstanta S , Vlachou M , Stathopoulou P , Panagopoulos P , Petrakis V , Papazoglou D , Tompaidou E , Isaakidou E , Poulakou G , Rapti V , Leontis K , Nitsotolis T , Athanasiou K , Syrigos K , Argyraki K , Myrodia M D , Kyriakoulis K , Trontzas I , Arfara-Melanini M , Kolonis V , Kityo Cissy , Mugerwa Henry , Kiweewa Francis , Kimuli Ivan , Lukaakome Joseph , Nsereko Christoher , Lubega Gloria , Kibirige Moses , Nakahima William , Wangi Deus , Aguti Evelyne , Generous Lilian , Massa Rosemary , Nalaki Margaret , Magala Felix , Nabaggala Phiona Kaweesi , Kidega Robert , Kityo Cissy , Mugerwa Henry , Faith Oryem Daizy , Florence Apio , Emmanuel Ocung , Beacham Mugoonyi Paul , Geoffrey Amone , Nakiboneka Dridah , Apiyo Paska , Kiweewa Francis , Kirenga Bruce , Kimuli Ivan , Atukunda Angella , Muttamba Winters , Remmy Kyeyume , Segawa Ivan , Pheona Nsubuga , Kigere David , Mbabazi Queen Lailah , Boersalino Ledra , Nyakoolo Grace , Kiweewa Francis , Fred Aniongo , Alupo Alice , Ebong Doryn , Monday Edson , Nalubwama Ritah Norah , Kainja Milton , Ambrose Munu , Kwehayo Vanon , Nalubega Mary Grace , Ongoli Augustine , Obbo Stephen , Sebudde Nicholus , Alaba Jeniffer , Magombe Geoffrey , Tino Harriet , Obonya EE Emmanuel , Lutaakome Joseph , Kitonsa Jonathan , Onyango Martin , Naboth Tukamwesiga , Naluyinda Hadijah , Nanyunja Regina , Irene Muttiibwa , Jane Biira , Wimfred Kyobejja , Leonard Ssemazzi , Deus Tkiinomuhisha , Babra Namasaba , Taire Paul , Lutaakome Joseph , Nabankema Evelyn , Ogavu Joseph , Mugerwa Oscar , Okoth Ivan , Mwebaze Raymond , Mugabi Timothy , Makhoba Anthony , Arikiriza Phiona , Theresa Nabuuma , Nakayima Hope , Frank Kisuule , Ramgi Patrícia , Pereira Kássia , Osinusi Anu , Cao Huyen , Klekotka Paul , Price Karen , Nirula Ajay , Osei Suzette , Tipple Craig , Wills Angela , Peppercorn Amanda , Watson Helen , Gupta Rajesh , Alexander Elizabeth , Mogalian Erik , Lin Leo , Ding Xiao , Margolis David , Yan Li , Girardet Jean-Luc , Ma Ji , Hong Zhi , Zhu Quing , Seegobin Seth , Gibbs Michael , Latchman Mickel , Hasior Katarzyna , Bouquet Jerome , Wei Jianxin , Streicher Katie , Schmelzer Albert , Brooks Dennis , Butcher Jonny , Tonev Dimitar , Arbetter Douglas , Damstetter Philippe , Legenne Philippe , Stumpp Michael , Goncalves Susana , Ramanathan Krishnan , Chandra Richa , Baseler Beth , Teitelbaum Marc , Schechner Adam , Holley H Preston , Jankelevich Shirley , Adams Amy , Becker Nancy , Dolney Suzanne , Hissey Debbie , Simpson Shelly , Kim Mi Ha , Beeler Joy , Harmon Liam , Asomah Mabel , Jato Yvonne , Stottlemyer April , Tang Olivia , Vanderpuye Sharon , Yeon Lindsey , Buehn Molly , Eccard-Koons Vanessa , Frary Sadie , MacDonald Leah , Cash Jennifer , Hoopengardner Lisa , Linton Jessica , Schaffhauser Marylu , Nelson Michaela , Spinelli-Nadzam Mary , Proffitt Calvin , Lee Christopher , Engel Theresa , Fontaine Laura , Osborne C K , Hohn Matt , Galcik Michael , Thompson DeeDee , Kopka Stacey , Shelley Denise M , Mendez Gregg , Brown Shawn , Albert Sara , Balde Abby , Baracz Michelle , Bielica Mona , Billouin-Frazier Shere , Choudary Jay , Dixon Mary , Eyler Carolyn , Frye Leanne , Gertz Jensen , Giebeig Lisa , Gulati Neelam , Hankinson Liz , Hogarty Debi , Huber Lynda , Krauss Gary , Lake Eileen , Manandhar Meryan , Rudzinski Erin , Sandrus Jen , Suders Connie , Natarajan Ven , Rupert Adam W , Baseler Michael , Lynam Danielle , Imamichi Tom , Laverdure Sylvain , McCormack Ashley , Paudel Sharada , Cook Kyndal , Haupt Kendra , Khan Ayub , Hazen Allison , Badralmaa Yunden , Smith Kenneth , Patel Bhakti , Kubernac Amanda , Kubernac Robert , Hoover Marie L , Solomon Courtney , Rashid Marium , Murphy Joseph , Brown Craig , DuChateau Nadine , Ellis Sadie , Flosi Adam , Fox Lisa , Johnson Les , Nelson Rich , Stojanovic Jelena , Treagus Amy , Wenner Christine , Williams Richard 
Published: November 2023

Background

Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nmAbs) failed to show clear benefit for hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Dynamics of virologic and immunologic biomarkers remain poorly understood.

Methods

Participants enrolled in the Therapeutics for Inpatients with COVID-19 trials were randomized to nmAb versus placebo. Longitudinal differences between treatment and placebo groups in levels of plasma nucleocapsid antigen (N-Ag), anti-nucleocapsid antibody, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and D-dimer at enrollment, day 1, 3, and 5 were estimated using linear mixed models. A 7-point pulmonary ordinal scale assessed at day 5 was compared using proportional odds models.

Results

Analysis included 2149 participants enrolled between August 2020 and September 2021. Treatment resulted in 20% lower levels of plasma N-Ag compared with placebo (95% confidence interval, 12%–27%; P &lt; .001), and a steeper rate of decline through the first 5 days (P &lt; .001). The treatment difference did not vary between subgroups, and no difference was observed in trajectories of other biomarkers or the day 5 pulmonary ordinal scale.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that nmAb has an antiviral effect assessed by plasma N-Ag among hospitalized patients with COVID-19, with no blunting of the endogenous anti-nucleocapsid antibody response. No effect on systemic inflammation or day 5 clinical status was observed.

Clinical Trials Registration

NCT04501978.