bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Privacy-Preserving Handover Optimization Using Federated Learning and LSTM Networks
Authors: Chien Wei-Che , Huang Yu , Chang Bo-Yu , Hwang Wu-Yuin
Published: October 2024

The rapid evolution of wireless communication systems necessitates advanced handover mechanisms for seamless connectivity and optimal network performance. Traditional algorithms, like 3GPP Event A3, often struggle with fluctuating signal strengths and dynamic user mobility, leading to frequent handovers and suboptimal resource utilization. This study proposes a novel approach combining Federated Learning (FL) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks to predict Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) and the strongest nearby Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) signals. Our method leverages FL to ensure data privacy and LSTM to capture temporal dependencies in signal data, enhancing prediction accuracy. We develop a dynamic handover algorithm that adapts to real-time conditions, adjusting thresholds based on predicted signal strengths and historical performance. Extensive experiments with real-world data show our dynamic algorithm significantly outperforms the 3GPP Event A3 algorithm, achieving higher prediction accuracy, reducing unnecessary handovers, and improving overall network performance. In conclusion, this study introduces a data-driven, privacy-preserving approach that leverages advanced machine learning techniques, providing a more efficient and reliable handover mechanism for future wireless networks.
Cataloging and Testing Flood Risk Management Measures to Increase the Resilience of Critical Infrastructure Networks
Authors: Schotten Roman , Bachmann Daniel
Published: October 2024

Critical infrastructure (CI) networks face diverse natural hazards, such as flooding. CI network modeling methods are used to evaluate these hazards, enabling the analysis of cascading effects, flood risk, and potential flood risk-reducing measures. However, there is a lack of linkage between analytical methods and potential multisectoral, structural, and nonstructural measures. This deficiency impedes the development of CI network (CIN) models as robust tools for active flood risk management. CI operators have significant expertise in managing and implementing flooding-related measures within their sectors. The objective of this study is to bridge the gap between the application of CIN modeling and the consideration of flood measures in three steps. The first step is conducting a literature review and CI stakeholder interviews in Central Europe on flood measures. The second step is the culmination of the findings in a comprehensive catalog detailing flood measures tailored to five CI sectors, with a generalized category spanning each phase of the disaster risk management cycle. The third step is the validation of the catalog’s utility in a proof-of-concept study along the Vicht River in Western Germany with a model-based flood risk analysis of five flood measures. The application of the flood measure catalog improves the options available for active and residual flood risk management. Additionally, the CI flood risk modeling approach presented here allows for consideration of disruption duration and recovery capability, thus linking the concept of risk and resilience.
Hospitality and Tourism Demand: Exploring Industry Shifts, Themes, and Trends
Authors: Sampaio Carlos , Sebastião João Renato , Farinha Luís
Published: October 2024

Tourism demand is critical for the hospitality industry and is influenced by a set of continuously changing factors. The tourism and hospitality industries play a critical role in many regions and countries, supporting the local economy, providing employment, and fostering economic and social development with effects across multiple industries. This study aims to analyse the nature of tourism and hotel demand through a thematic analysis. By conducting a review of the existing literature published over the period of 2018–2023, this research identifies overarching patterns, trends, and themes characterising the current research landscape. Research results reveal significant insights into market trends and strategic industry shifts. It particularly emphasises areas such as customer demand forecasting, technology integration, and sustainability, which are crucial for understanding demand fluctuations. The findings offer insights into the theoretical foundations of tourism and hotel demand and provide practical implications for industry stakeholders aiming to strategise effectively in a dynamic market.
Global African Thought and Movements: Reflections on Pan-Africanism and Diasporic Discourses
Authors: Kumah-Abiwu Felix
Published: October 2024

The emergence of African diasporic communities in the Americas, especially in the United States, is one of the legacies of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, which brought millions of enslaved Africans from their ancestral homeland in Africa to the so-called New World. For many scholars, the African diaspora is not only one of the largest diaspora communities in human history, but there have also been shared efforts, on the part of Africans in Africa and those in the diaspora, to reconnect through Pan-African ideas and movements for several decades. To better understand the ongoing desire to strengthen the connection between Africa and its diasporic communities in the Americas, especially on the changing trends of the discourse on global African political thought and movements, this article draws on African-centered conceptual ideas with emphasis on African ethos and cultural commonalities for the discussion. The article underscores the central argument that the nature and trends of global African thought and movements appear to be consistent with the common or shared African cultural commonalities idea in Africa and the African diaspora.
Rotational Mobility of TEMPO Spin Probe in Polypropylene: EPR Spectra Simulation and Calculation via Approximated Formulas
Authors: Chumakova Natalia A. , Yankova Tatiana S. , Kokorin Alexander I.
Published: October 2024

The rotational correlation times of a small compact spin probe (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl in isotactic polypropylene were obtained over a wide temperature range by EPR spectra simulation taking into account rotational anisotropy as well as distribution of the probe molecules by rotational mobility. The averaged values of the rotational correlation times were compared with the corresponding values calculated using well-known approximated formulas based on the intensities and widths of the spectral lines. It was shown that the calculated values can be used as effective parameters to characterize the rotational mobility of the spin probe in the polymer matrix in a wide range of rotational correlation times.
Beyond Compliance: A Deep Dive into Improving Sustainability Reporting Quality with LCSA Indicators
Authors: Ostojic Suzana , Backes Jana Gerta , Kowalski Markus , Traverso Marzia
Published: October 2024

This study addresses the critical need for improved sustainability reporting in the construction sector, focusing on the integration of Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) indicators to enhance reporting quality and promote standardization. The increasing regulatory pressure from the European Commission, particularly in sustainability reporting, has intensified the demand for corporate transparency. Despite these efforts, many companies still face challenges in implementing robust sustainability performance measures. This research employs a systematic literature review alongside the case studies of three leading German construction companies to critically assess the current reporting practices and explore the integration potential of LCSA indicators. The findings highlight a significant gap between the existing sustainability disclosures and LCSA indicators, with only 7–19% of the assessed indicators being integrated into the current reporting practices. Although some consistency in reporting themes and qualitative disclosures is evident, the misalignment with LCSA indicators underscores the need for further integration of standardized, life cycle-based metrics. This study concludes that collaborative efforts among companies, policymakers, and LCSA researchers are required to bridge this gap, ensuring the adoption of the existing, scientifically robust indicators that enhance the precision, comparability, and transparency of sustainability reporting in the construction sector.
Preliminary Test Estimation for Parallel 2-Sampling in Autoregressive Model
Authors: Ahmed Syed Ejaz , Guidoum Arsalane Chouaib , Bendjeddou Sara
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the problem of estimation and testing the equality of two autoregressive parameters of two first-order autoregressive processes AR(1), where for each process, the observations are made at different time points. The primary interest is to propose the testing procedures for the homogeneity of autocorrelation parameters ρ1 and ρ2. Furthermore, we are interested in estimating ρ1 under uncertain and weak prior information about the possible equality of ρ1 and ρ2, though we may not have full confidence in the tenacity of this information. A large sample test for the homogeneity of the parameters is developed. Pooled “P” (or restricted estimator) and preliminary test “PT” estimators are proposed, and their properties are investigated and compared with the unrestricted estimator “UE” of ρ1.
Is Anonymization Through Discretization Reliable? Modeling Latent Probability Distributions for Ordinal Data as a Solution to the Small Sample Size Problem
Authors: Stroka Stefan Michael , Heumann Christian
Published: October 2024

The growing interest in data privacy and anonymization presents challenges, as traditional methods such as ordinal discretization often result in information loss by coarsening metric data. Current research suggests that modeling the latent distributions of ordinal classes can reduce the effectiveness of anonymization and increase traceability. In fact, combining probability distributions with a small training sample can effectively infer true metric values from discrete information, depending on the model and data complexity. Our method uses metric values and ordinal classes to model latent normal distributions for each discrete class. This approach, applied with both linear and Bayesian linear regression, aims to enhance supervised learning models. Evaluated with synthetic datasets and real-world datasets from UCI and Kaggle, our method shows improved mean point estimation and narrower prediction intervals compared to the baseline. With 5–10% training data randomly split from each dataset population, it achieves an average 10% reduction in MSE and a ~5–10% increase in R² on out-of-sample test data overall.
Collaborative Business Models for the Second-Life Utilization of New Energy Vehicle (NEV) Batteries in China: A Multi-Case Study
Authors: Lyu Xichen , Zhang Zhenni , Fu Liya
Published: October 2024

New energy vehicle (NEV) power batteries are experiencing a significant “retirement wave”, making second-life utilization (SLU) a crucial strategy to extend their lifespan and maximize their inherent value. This study focuses on prominent enterprises in China’s SLU sector, including BAIC Group, BYD, China Tower, and Zhongtian Hongli. Employing a multi-case study approach, a variety of business models and applicable scenarios developed through the cooperation between NEV manufacturers and SLU enterprises are effectively identified, including “co-constructing and purchase”, “co-constructing and leasing”, “self-constructing and purchase”, and “self-constructing and leasing”. The choice of collaborative business model is closely linked to the developmental stage of the NEV manufacturers and SLU enterprises. Additionally, this paper finds that the achievement of collaboration is influenced by the interplay between market dynamics and government policies. The theoretical framework developed from this study offers valuable insights for NEV manufacturers and SLU enterprises to establish stable and effective collaborative business models.
Evolutionary Game Analysis Between Large Power Consumers and Power Sellers in the Context of Big-Data-Driven Value-Added Services
Authors: Pan Hua , Song Xin , Hou Jianchao , Tan Siyi
Published: October 2024

As power system reforms deepen, direct trading with large power consumers has emerged as a crucial aspect of opening up the power sales market. In light of this trend, power sales enterprises should accelerate their digital transformation in response to the growing demand for personalized services from large consumers and continuous advancements in energy digitalization and smart technologies. In particular, big data technology is critical for power enterprises to satisfy users and increase profitability as it can help enterprises gain deeper insights into user needs and behavioral characteristics. The application of big data to provide customized value-added services for large power consumers has become a key development focus. In this paper, we develop a two-party evolutionary game model involving power sellers using big data technology to profile large consumers and offer them customized value-added power packages. We conduct a detailed analysis of the local stability of equilibrium points and employ MATLAB.R2021a to examine the impact of changes in the benefits of value-added services for large consumers and the cost coefficients associated with big data on the system’s evolutionary outcomes. The study results indicate that big data technology can enhance the competitiveness of power sellers in the market. Value-added services based on user-profiling using big data have become a crucial factor in influencing the decision-making behavior of large consumers. Additionally, the investment cost in big data infrastructure by power sellers impacts system evolution, with the cost coefficient being inversely proportional to their willingness to offer customized services.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Turf Transplantation and Artificial Replanting in Restoring Abandoned Mining Areas
Authors: Kuerban Amannisa , Gao Guankui , Waheed Abdul , Xu Hailiang , Wang Shuyu , Tong Zewen
Published: October 2024

Long-term and extensive mineral mining in the Kuermutu mine section of the Two Rivers Nature Reserve in the Altai region has disrupted the ecological balance between soil and vegetation. To assess the effectiveness of various restoration measures in this abandoned mine area, we compared two restoration approaches—natural turf transplantation (NTT) and replanted economic crop grassland (ARGC)—against an unaltered control (original grassland). We employed 11 evaluation indices to conduct soil and vegetation surveys. We developed a comprehensive evaluation model using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to assess restoration outcomes for each grassland type. Our findings indicate that both NTT and ARGC significantly improved ecological conditions, such as reducing soil fine particulate matter loss and restoring vegetation cover. This brought these areas closer to their original grassland state. The species composition and community structure of the NTT and ARGC vegetation communities improved relative to the original grassland. This was due to a noticeable increase in dominant species’ importance value. Vegetation cover averaged higher scores in NTT, while the average height was greater in ARGC. The soil water content and soil organic carbon (SOC) varied significantly with depth (p < 0.05), following a general ‘V’ pattern. NTT positively impacted soil moisture content (SMC) at the surface, whereas ARGC influenced SMC in deeper layers, with the 40–50 cm soil layer achieving 48.13% of the original grassland’s SMC. SOC levels were highest in the control (original grassland), followed by ARGC and NTT, with ARGC showing the greatest organic carbon content at 20–30 cm depths. A comprehensive AHP ecological-economic evaluation revealed that restoration effectiveness scores were 0.594 for NTT and 0.669 for ARGC, translating to 59.4% and 66.9%, respectively. ARGC restoration was found to be more effective than NTT. These results provide valuable insights into ecological restoration practices for abandoned mines in Xinjiang and can guide future effectiveness evaluations.
Proposal for Sustainability-Oriented Innovation Management Model (MGI) for Agro-Industrial Leather Chain
Authors: Botero Montoya Luis Horacio , Gutiérrez Nolberto , Zuluaga Adriana , Gutiérrez Luis Fernando , Gómez José Orlando , Orozco Gina Lía , Zartha Jhon Wilder
Published: October 2024

This article presents the results of a study focused on collaboratively developing an Innovation Management Model (MGI) for the leather agro-industrial chain in Colombia. This study integrates the participation of interested parties, the prioritization of variables, the literature review, and the validation of the model, emphasizing sustainability considerations throughout the process. The methodology involved a literature review, using Scopus and Google Scholar, focusing on innovation management models, open innovation, and sustainability of the leather sector. In addition, three surveys were conducted to prioritize the established variables, using Likert scale questions, to assess relevance and congruence. Key findings included 26 critical variables covering aspects such as agricultural and technological innovation in platforms and projects, capacity development, R&D activities, supply chain dynamics, innovation management processes, knowledge and technology integration, business model adaptation for sustainable development, and environmental impact assessment. The prioritized innovation model aims to guide stakeholders to define open innovation strategies, sustainable and regenerative innovation generation, and improvement of strategic and technological capabilities.
The Effects of Apple Growers’ Adoption of Straw Returning Technology
Authors: Huang Xin , He Jiaqi , Sui Dangchen , Yao Liuyang
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the economic and ecological impacts of straw returning technology among apple growers in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces, China. Using Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and survey data, the findings reveal that straw returning significantly increases farmers’ incomes by 20.33% compared to those who do not adopt the technology. Additionally, the technology mitigates soil fertility decline by 11.07%, offering substantial ecological benefits. The heterogeneity analysis highlights that older farmers benefit more from the technology in terms of both income and soil fertility improvement, likely due to their experience and reliance on farming. Smaller-scale farmers also show greater gains in income and soil health, while larger-scale farms face complexities that may delay visible benefits. However, land fragmentation did not significantly influence the outcomes. The study recommends promoting straw returning through enhanced farmer training, financial incentives, and improved access to credit. Policymakers should consider tailoring support to different farmer demographics and orchard sizes. Future research should focus on long-term evaluations of straw returning’s sustainability in terms of soil fertility and crop yields. Overall, straw returning technology offers a promising solution for enhancing both economic returns and environmental sustainability in apple production.
The Relationship Between Mega Events, Sustainable Social Legacies, and Community Experience: A Longitudinal Analysis Following the 2002 Winter Olympics
Authors: June Haylie M. , Kernan Ashley R. , Sumsion Rachel M. , Cope Michael R. , Sanders Scott R. , Ward Carol
Published: October 2024

This research builds on previous mega event research that found that policymakers must understand citizens’ perceptions of mega events and the long-term effects it has on their community to create positive and sustainable legacies. The present study provides new insights and understanding of the social impact of the 2002 Salt Lake City Winter Olympics on Heber Valley. Using the well-established systemic model of community and quantitative survey data from 1999 until 2003, as well as waves from 2007, 2012, and 2018 data, we investigate, first, if community attachment, satisfaction, and desirability changed over time and, second, how enduring feelings about the Olympics affected community sentiment. Our research finds that there were some changes in residents’ community experience over time; community attachment decreased during 2018, community satisfaction decreased in 2001, 2007, and 2018, and community desirability increased slightly in 2002. We also found that the legacies of the 2002 Winter Olympics do influence how residents feel about their community.
Measuring Hotel Service Productivity Using Two-Stage Network DEA
Authors: Choi Kyuwan , Kim Jinkwon
Published: October 2024

For the sustainable development of the service industry, the industry’s resources must be allocated efficiently so that productivity can be steadily improved. Accurate measurement of productivity is very important for the sustainable growth of the industry because it can be used as basic information for optimizing resource allocation, but in the service industry, it is difficult to accurately reflect consumer feedback due to simultaneity of service. This study aims to overcome these limitations and present a new service productivity measurement model. To this end, we set service quality as an intermediate and used two-stage network DEA, which can better reveal the impact of service quality in productivity than existing DEA models. The subjects of the study were 57 hotels, and they were analyzed according to service level. The analysis revealed that 2- and 3-star hotels with relatively low service levels were efficiently using the given resources to create service quality but were unable to effectively generate sales due to low unit prices. However, 4- and 5-star hotels with relatively high service levels received low service quality evaluations compared to the given resources and effectively generated sales through high per-guest prices. This study has academic significance in that it empirically demonstrated that including service quality as an intermediate is a more effective method for measuring productivity in the hotel industry. In addition, this study suggests practical implications in that high-star hotels need to allocate appropriate resources to improve service quality, and low-star hotels need an appropriate price strategy that is in line with service quality.
Integrating TRA and SET to Influence Food Waste Reduction in Buffet-Style Restaurants: A Gender-Specific Approach
Authors: Zhu Qianni , Liu Pei
Published: October 2024

As one of the major greenhouse gas emission contributors, the food service industry, particularly buffet-style restaurants, is responsible for reducing food waste. This study explores the factors that shape consumer behavior toward food waste reduction in buffet-style restaurants based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and Social Exchange theory (SET), as well as analyzing the gender differences in these determinants, offering practical insights for the restaurant industry. This study also uses structural equation modeling and group analysis to examine a total of 547 valid responses gathered through an online survey, including 286 male (52.3%) and 258 female (47.2%) respondents. The findings underscore the attitudes, subjective norms, and establishment policies that emerge as critical drivers of consumer behavior in buffet-style dining settings. Notably, significant gender differences are observed in attitudes and establishment policies. In light of these results, we recommend strategies that include enhancing consumer attitudes and implementing penalty policies within restaurant operations. Restaurants could display visual signs and images related to reducing food waste, provide detailed portion size information, and apply monetary fines for excess waste to reduce consumers’ food waste intentions. These strategies are particularly effective for male consumers, who are more influenced by these factors compared to female consumers. This research contributes valuable guidance for the industry’s efforts to address food waste concerns, emphasizing gender differences and promoting environmentally responsible behavior among consumers.
In Silico Comparison of Quantum and Bioactivity Parameters of a Series of Natural Diphenyl Acetone Analogues, and In Vitro Caco-2 Studies on Three Main Chalcone Derivatives
Authors: Stefaniu Amalia , Neagu Georgeta , Albulescu Adrian , Radu Nicoleta , Pirvu Lucia Camelia
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to compare the in silico and in vitro properties of a series of diphenyl acetone derivatives, specifically six chalcone analogues, namely benzophenone, chalcone, phloretin, phloridzin, nothofagin and 4-methylchalcone. The in silico studies were conducted using the Spartan’14 mechanistic program to perform a comparative analysis of the molecular, quantum and bioactivity parameters of the six analogues under study. The in vitro MTS studies were designed to investigate the cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effect of the reference substances (r.s.) of three main chalcone derivatives in nature, namely phloretin, phloridzin and 4-methylchalcone, on the Caco-2 cell line. Overall, the in silico results foremost suggested the potential of phloretin to traverse the blood–brain barrier, and the abilities of phloridzin and nothofagin to act as broad cell enzyme inhibitors; the in vitro results demonstrated that phloretin and 4-methylchalcone have the potential to induce both cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects, depending on their concentration level: the antiproliferative effects were noticed in the interval from 1 to 50 µg of r.s. per sample, while the cytotoxic effects were noticed from 1 to 50 µg of r.s. per sample in the case of 4-methychalcone, and at 50 µg of r.s. per sample in the case of phloretin. Phloridzin did not affect the viability of the Caco-2 line.
The Role of Resveratrol in Cancer Management: From Monotherapy to Combination Regimens
Authors: Ribeiro Eduarda , Vale Nuno
Published: October 2024

Resveratrol, a naturally occurring polyphenol found in grapes, berries, and peanuts, has garnered significant attention for its potential anti-cancer properties. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of its role in cancer therapy, both as a standalone treatment and in combination with other therapeutic approaches. This review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying resveratrol’s anti-cancer effects, including its antioxidant activity, modulation of cellular signaling pathways, antiproliferative properties, anti-inflammatory effects, and epigenetic influences. This review also examines in vitro and in vivo studies that highlight resveratrol’s efficacy against various cancer types. Furthermore, the synergistic effects of resveratrol when used in conjunction with conventional treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as well as targeted therapies and immunotherapies, are discussed. Despite promising preclinical results, this review addresses the challenges and limitations faced in translating these findings into clinical practice, including issues of bioavailability and toxicity. Finally, it outlines future research directions and the potential for resveratrol to enhance existing cancer treatment regimens. This review aims to provide a thorough understanding of resveratrol’s therapeutic potential and to identify areas for further investigation in the quest for effective cancer treatments.
Mechanisms for Securing Autonomous Shipping Services and Machine Learning Algorithms for Misbehaviour Detection
Authors: Haruna Marwan , Gebremeskel Kaleb Gebremichael , Troscia Martina , Tardo Alexandr , Pagano Paolo
Published: October 2024

Technological developments within the maritime sector are resulting in rapid progress that will see the commercial use of autonomous vessels, known as Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASSs). Such ships are equipped with a range of advanced technologies, such as IoT devices, artificial intelligence (AI) systems, machine learning (ML)-based algorithms, and augmented reality (AR) tools. Through such technologies, the autonomous vessels can be remotely controlled from Shore Control Centres (SCCs) by using real-time data to optimise their operations, enhance safety, and reduce the possibility of human error. Apart from the regulatory aspects, which are under definition by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO), cybersecurity vulnerabilities must be considered and properly addressed to prevent such complex systems from being tampered with. This paper proposes an approach that operates on two different levels to address cybersecurity. On one side, our solution is intended to secure communication channels between the SCCs and the vessels using Secure Exchange and COMmunication (SECOM) standard; on the other side, it aims to secure the underlying digital infrastructure in charge of data collection, storage and processing by relying on a set of machine learning (ML) algorithms for anomaly and intrusion detection. The proposed approach is validated against a real implementation of the SCC deployed in the Livorno seaport premises. Finally, the experimental results and the performance evaluation are provided to assess its effectiveness accordingly.
Dopaminergic- and Serotonergic-Dependent Behaviors Are Altered by Lanthanide Series Metals in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Radzimirski Anthony , Croft Michael , Ireland Nicholas , Miller Lydia , Newell-Caito Jennifer , Caito Samuel
Published: October 2024

The lanthanide series elements are transition metals used as critical components of electronics, as well as rechargeable batteries, fertilizers, antimicrobials, contrast agents for medical imaging, and diesel fuel additives. With the surge in their utilization, lanthanide metals are being found more in our environment. However, little is known about the health effects associated with lanthanide exposure. Epidemiological studies as well as studies performed in rodents exposed to lanthanum (La) suggest neurological damage, learning and memory impairment, and disruption of neurotransmitter signaling, particularly in serotonin and dopamine pathways. Unfortunately, little is known about the neurological effects of heavier lanthanides. As dysfunctions of serotonergic and dopaminergic signaling are implicated in multiple neurological conditions, including Parkinson’s disease, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder, it is of utmost importance to determine the effects of La and other lanthanides on these neurotransmitter systems. We therefore hypothesized that early-life exposure of light [La (III) or cerium (Ce (III))] or heavy [erbium (Er (III)) or ytterbium (Yb (III))] lanthanides in Caenorhabditis elegans could cause dysregulation of serotonergic and dopaminergic signaling upon adulthood. Serotonergic signaling was assessed by measuring pharyngeal pump rate, crawl-to-swim transition, as well as egg-laying behaviors. Dopaminergic signaling was assessed by measuring locomotor rate and egg-laying and swim-to-crawl transition behaviors. Treatment with La (III), Ce (III), Er (III), or Yb (III) caused deficits in serotonergic or dopaminergic signaling in all assays, suggesting both the heavy and light lanthanides disrupt these neurotransmitter systems. Concomitant with dysregulation of neurotransmission, all four lanthanides increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and decreased glutathione and ATP levels. This suggests increased oxidative stress, which is a known modifier of neurotransmission. Altogether, our data suggest that both heavy and light lanthanide series elements disrupt serotonergic and dopaminergic signaling and may affect the development or pharmacological management of related neurological conditions.
Predicting Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19 and Pneumonia Patients: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Cai Kaida , Wang Zhengyan , Yang Xiaofang , Fu Wenzhi , Zhao Xin
Published: October 2024

In the clinical diagnosis of pneumonia, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals who progress to a critical stage requiring mechanical ventilation are classified as mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. Accurately predicting the discharge outcomes for this specific cohort, especially those with COVID-19, is of paramount clinical importance. Missing data, a common issue in medical research, can significantly impact the validity of analyses. In this work, we address this challenge by employing two missing data imputation techniques: multiple imputation and missForest, to enhance data completeness. Additionally, we utilize the smoothly clipped absolute deviation (SCAD) penalized logistic regression method to select significant features. Our real data analysis compares the predictive performances of extreme learning machines, random forests, support vector machines, and XGBoost using 10-fold cross-validation. The results consistently show that XGBoost outperforms the other methods in predicting discharge outcomes, making it a reliable tool for clinical decision-making in the treatment of severe pneumonia, including COVID-19 cases. Within this context, the random forest imputation method generally enhances performance, underscoring its effectiveness in managing missing data compared to multiple imputation.
T-Cell Epitope-Based Vaccines: A Promising Strategy for Prevention of Infectious Diseases
Authors: Song Xin , Li Yongfeng , Wu Hongxia , Qiu Hua-Ji , Sun Yuan
Published: October 2024

With the development of novel vaccine strategies, T-cell epitope-based vaccines have become promising prophylactic and therapeutic tools against infectious diseases that cannot be controlled via traditional vaccines. T-cell epitope-based vaccines leverage specific immunogenic peptides to elicit protective T-cell responses against infectious pathogens. Compared to traditional vaccines, they provide superior efficacy and safety, minimizing the risk of adverse side effects. In this review, we summarized and compared the prediction and identification methods of T-cell epitopes. By integrating bioinformatic prediction and experimental validation, efficient and precise screening of T-cell epitopes can be achieved. Importantly, we delved into the development approaches to diverse T-cell epitope-based vaccines, comparing their merits and demerits, as well as discussing the prevalent challenges and perspectives in their applications. This review offers fresh perspectives for the formulation of safe and efficacious epitope-based vaccines for the devastating diseases against which no vaccines are currently available.
The Impact of Cobalt Species on the Hazardous Characteristics of Cobalt-Leaching Residue: A Case Study from Guangdong Province, China
Authors: Lv Yang , Wang Yi , Zhang Cheng , Wu Chaoyue , Xu Xiaowei , Xiao Keke , Zhao Zehua , Zhang Houhu
Published: October 2024

Cobalt (Co) is a hazardous element of significant environmental concern, primarily due to its potential leaching toxicity. However, the current assessments of leached Co residues have focused solely on the total cobalt concentration, often overlooking the distinct Co species that contribute to its hazardous nature. This study attempts to determine the impact of cobalt speciation on the toxicity of cobalt and the related hazardous characteristics. The objective of this study is to enhance the understanding of how different Co species influence the environmental toxicity of leached residues. Cobalt speciation is studied by a multivariate analysis including ignitability, reactivity, corrosiveness, acute toxicity, leaching toxicity, and toxic substance concentration. The tested concentrations are compared with the identification standards and technical specifications in China. Co species, particularly cobalt oxide, are identified as the main contributors to the toxicity of the leached Co residue. It is also noted that Co occurrence significantly affects the calculation results of cumulative toxicity, thus impacting the hazard characteristics of leached cobalt residue. The findings benefit risk evaluators and decision makers by offering a new approach for managing leached Co residues and providing a scientific foundation for the development of relevant laws and regulations in China.
One-Dimensional Numerical Cascade Model of Runoff and Soil Loss on Convergent and Divergent Plane Soil Surfaces: Laboratory Assessment and Numerical Simulations
Authors: Mujtaba Babar , de Lima João L. M. P. , de Lima M. Isabel P.
Published: October 2024

A one-dimensional numerical overland flow model based on the cascade plane theory was developed to estimate rainfall-induced runoff and soil erosion on converging and diverging plane surfaces. The model includes three components: (i) soil infiltration using Horton’s infiltration equation, (ii) overland flow using the kinematic wave approximation of the one-dimensional Saint-Venant shallow water equations for a cascade of planes, and (iii) soil erosion based on the sediment transport continuity equation. The model’s performance was evaluated by comparing numerical results with laboratory data from experiments using a rainfall simulator and a soil flume. Four independent experiments were conducted on converging and diverging surfaces under varying slope and rainfall conditions. Overall, the numerically simulated hydrographs and sediment graphs closely matched the laboratory results, showing the efficiency of the model for the tested controlled laboratory conditions. The model was then used to numerically explore the impact of different plane soil surface geometries on runoff and soil loss. Seven geometries were studied: one rectangular, three diverging, and three converging. A constant soil surface area, the rainfall intensity, and the slope gradient were maintained in all simulations. Results showed that increasing convergence angles led to a higher peak and total soil loss, while decreasing divergence angles reduced them.
Angle of Attack Characteristics of Full-Active and Semi-Active Flapping Foil Propulsors
Authors: Mei Lei , Yan Wenhui , Zhou Junwei , Tang Yongqi , Shi Weichao
Published: October 2024

As a propulsor with a good application prospect, the flapping foil has been a hot research topic in the past decade. Although the research results of flapping foils have been very abundant, the performance-influencing mechanism of flapping foils is still not perfect, and the research considering three-dimensional (3D) effects for engineering applications is still very limited. Based on the above considerations, a systematic and parametric analysis of a small aspect ratio flapping foil is conducted to correlate the influencing factors including angle of attack (AoA) characteristics and wake vortex on the propulsive efficiency. Three-dimensional numerical analyses of full-active and semi-active flapping foils are carried out in this paper, in which the former focuses on different heave amplitudes and pitch amplitudes, and the latter concentrates on different spring stiffnesses. The analysis covers the full range of advance coefficient, which starts around 0 and ends at a thrust drop of 0. Firstly, the influence of the maximum AoA (αmax) on the efficiency and thrust coefficient of these two kinds of flapping foils is analyzed. The results show that for the small aspect ratio flapping foil in this paper, regardless of the full-active or semi-active form, the peak efficiency as high as 75% for both generally appears around αmax = 0.2 rad, while the peak thrust coefficient of 0.5 occurs near αmax = 0.3 rad. Then, by analyzing the wake flow field, it is found that the lower efficiency of larger αmax working points is mainly due to the larger vortex dissipation loss, while the lower efficiency of smaller αmax working points is mainly due to the larger friction loss of the foil surface. Furthermore, the plumpness of different AoA curves is compared and analyzed. It was found that, unlike the results of full-active flapping foils, the shape of the AoA curve of semi-active flapping foils with different spring stiffnesses is similar, and the relationship with efficiency is not strictly corresponding. This study is expected to provide guidance on both academics and industries in relevant fields.
Optimization of a Groundwater Pollution Monitoring Well Network Using a Backpropagation Neural Network-Based Model
Authors: Wang Heng , Huang Xu , Wang Bing , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhao Caiyi , Ying Rongrong , Feng Yanhong , Hu Zhewei
Published: October 2024

Selecting representative groundwater monitoring wells in polluted areas is crucial to comprehensively assess groundwater pollution, thereby ensuring effective groundwater remediation. However, numerous factors can affect the effectiveness of groundwater monitoring well network optimizations. A local sensitivity analysis method was used in this study to analyze the hydrogeological parameters of a simulation groundwater solute transport model. The results showed a strong effect of longitudinal dispersion and transverse dispersion on the output results of the simulation model, and a good fit between the backpropagation neural network (BPNN)-based alternative model’s results and those obtained using the solute transport simulation model, accurately reflecting the input and output relationship of the simulation model. The optimized groundwater monitoring layout scheme consisted of four groundwater monitoring wells, namely no. 7, no. 16, no. 23, and no. 24. These wells resulted in a groundwater fluoride pollution rate of 98.44%, which was substantially higher than that obtained using the random layout scheme. In addition, statistical analysis of the fluoride groundwater pollution results obtained using the Monte Carlo random simulation highlighted continuous and high groundwater fluoride levels in the second and third pollution sources and their downstream groundwater. Therefore, more attention should be devoted to these sources to ensure the effective remediation of groundwater pollution in the study area.
Abortion as a Muted Reality in Uganda: Narratives of Adolescent Girls’ Agentive Experiences with Pregnancy Termination
Authors: Kakuru Doris M. , Nabirye Jackline , Nassimbwa Jacqueline
Published: October 2024

Pregnancy termination, also referred to as abortion, is a contentious subject in many countries. Uganda’s culture requires young people to remain celibate; they therefore suffer from restricted access to any sexual and reproductive health information, products, and services, including contraceptives. Girls who are pregnant in Uganda are oppressed in various ways, including being expelled from school. Since abortion is illegal under Ugandan law, those abortions that take place are assumed to have a high risk of being unsafe. Most previous studies in the African context have thus focused on the phenomenon of unsafe abortion. Adolescent abortion is characterized by a rhetoric of pathology that frames girls as victims of deadly unsafe abortion practices. This paper aims to critique the view that pregnant adolescent girls are merely vulnerable victims who passively accept the denial of SRH services, including abortion. We analyzed the life histories of 14 girls in Uganda who had undergone pregnancy termination. Our findings showed that adolescent girls are not passive victims of the structural barriers to abortion. They use their agency to obtain knowledge, make decisions, successfully terminate pregnancy, and conceal the information as needed. It is therefore important for policymakers to acknowledge the agency of adolescent girls in regard to pregnancy termination and how this recognition could be of benefit in terms of devising appropriate supports for them.
Influence of expression of leadership qualities on the choice of leadership style and the degree of achieving success in professional activities
Authors:   State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Krasnodar Region «Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky City Ambulance Station, Perminova S. A. , Muntyan I. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Samara State Medical University » of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia
Published: October 2024

Leadership is a specific type of managerial interaction based on the most effective combination of various sources of power and aimed at motivating people to achieve common goals. Target. To determine the influence of the expression of leadership qualities on the choice of management style and the degree of success in professional activities. Results. A study was conducted to study the leadership qualities of nursing service managers and their influence on the choice of management style, the dependence of leadership qualities on age, length of service and qualifications was revealed, the influence of leadership qualities on the effectiveness of professional activities of nursing personnel was determined, the relationship between the expression of leadership qualities, leadership styles and the effectiveness of professional activities of nursing service managers was established. Conclusion. The study revealed a relationship linking leadership qualities with management style, the degree of success in professional activities. This relationship is manifested in the fact that nursing service managers aged 35 to 44, with work experience from 11 to 20 years, with the first or highest qualification category have the most pronounced leadership qualities and they are leaders not only in their position in the service, but also leaders in «life», which means they have a high degree of success in professional activities.
Analysis of the state of medical rehabilitation service in the Khanty-Mansi autonomous region
Authors:   LLC «MegionEnergoNeft», Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Region - Yugra, Megion, Russia, Safin A. I.
Published: October 2024

To improve the accessibility of medical rehabilitation in various regions of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Region, it is necessary to develop programs for the development of rehabilitation services, create and expand a network of rehabilitation centers, as well as provide training and professional development for personnel in this area. Target. To analyze the state of the medical rehabilitation service in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Region. Results. The existing medical rehabilitation service in the region is analyzed, the strengths and weaknesses of the development of the service are identified, possible risks and their elimination are considered. Conclusion. To improve the situation, it is necessary to carry out comprehensive activities covering various aspects of medical rehabilitation, including training of specialists, raising public awareness, improving infrastructure and equipment in medical institutions, as well as developing programs and standards for rehabilitation care. Only a systematic approach and coordinated efforts of various stakeholders can contribute to the formation of an effective medical rehabilitation system, making it more accessible and improving the qualit y of ser vices for all those in need.