bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breaking the Chain of Materials Designers; Peter L Berger's Social Interpretation Perspective
Authors: Sina Cian Ibnu , Rahardiantini Ikha
Published: July 2024

This paper aims to examine the mentoring model in an effort to Break the Substance Chain Designer from the Perspective of Social Interpretation Peter L Berger. The study of efforts to break the chain of designer substances tries to approach phenomenology and social construction in Peter L Berger's theory of former drug addicts in Haurpanggung Village, Tarogong Kidul District, Garut Regency. This analysis is based on qualitative data analysis, namely data that is sourced from words and actions. The research strategy used is a narrative strategy, using in-depth interviews with research subjects (respondents). As for the findings in the field that 8 out of 10 drug addicts who have been rehabilitated return to addicts with a new type of drug, namely designer substances, meaning that 80% fail after rehabilitation. However, through an empathic mentoring approach based on communication and geographic mutation, this can be continued continuously and produce total success.
Concept of Supervision of Learning Process in Increasing the Quality of Education Results in Madrasah
Authors: Wahyu Wahyu
Published: July 2024

This research focuses on the supervision of learning which is a coaching activity planned to assist teachers and school staff in doing work effectively in order to improve the learning process. Educational supervision activities are needed by teachers, because for teachers who work every day at school, no other party is closer and knows of all their activities, except the School Principal. The method used in this research is descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The conclusion in this study is the teacher is one of the determinants of the low quality of educational outcomes. Because there is a direct relationship between teacher performance with student achievement. The low quality of education in Indonesia is the main cause of the low quality of Indonesian human resources. Therefore, educational supervision is needed to improve the quality of education.
Adaptation and Validation of Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-12) in Academic Context: Rasch Model Analysis
Authors: Istiqomah Istiqomah , Wiyono Bambang Budi , Rahmawati Hetti , Chusniyah Tutut , Ziden Azidah Abu
Published: July 2024

Psychological capital is the condition of persons maintaining a positive attitude and effectively facing unpleasant conditions. This enables the completion of assignments and preparation for future success. Adaptation of psychological capital questionnaire for Indonesia was due to the absence of a measuring tool used within educational context. Therefore, this study aimed to adapt and validate Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-12) in the Indonesian language. The subjects comprised Senior high school (SMA) students from the Malang Raya area, totaling 348 participants. Furthermore, data analysis was conducted using Rasch model. The results showed that the PCQ-12 met the principles of unidimensionality and local independence. The Questionnaire comprised 12 items, with an instrument, item, and person reliability of 0.89, 0.98, and 0.88, respectively. Items that were challenging to agree upon included numbers 2, 5, 7, and 11, as well as items 8, 9, and 12. The PCQ-12 appropriately categorized response options into 6 choices, ensuring its suitability for use in Indonesia.
Pro-Environmental Behavior Model among University Students
Authors: Rahmawati Hetti , Hutagalung Fonny Dameaty , Harsono Yudi Tri , Qoyyimah Nur Rohmah Hidayatul
Published: July 2024

Environmental behavior is essential for maintaining environmental quality and human life. According to the rational perspective from Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), belief, personal norm, and perceived behavioral control (PBC) affect actions through behavioral intention. In the past two decades, TPB has become the most extensively discussed concept in explaining pro-environmental behavior (PEB) but still needs re-examination in the Indonesian context. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate how subjective norm (SN), attitude (ATT) towards PEB, and PBC influenced PEB through pro-environmental behavior intention (PEBI). An explanatory quantitative method was used including 264 students from Malang State University with the data analysis conducted and structural equation modeling path analysis. The results showed that attitude, SN, and PBC significantly and positively influenced PEB, primarily through behavior intention.
The Effect of Performance Anticipation on Students’ Recognition in Online Learning
Authors: Silaban Katherine Ronauly Maharani , Srisayekti Wilis , Saputra Windy Nathasya , Carmella Gabriella Samantha , Hafidza Alifatunnisa , Ilham Rausyan Fikri Muhammad , Rizkiyani Fanny , Binti Shari Nurul Izzah
Published: July 2024

This experimental research investigated the effect of performance anticipation on students recognition in the context of online learning. Data were collected through online presentation via Zoom and analyzed with between-participants posttest-only control group design. The data collected comprised 69 students aged 17 to 20 years with mean and SD of 18.09 years and 0.59, respectively. The confederate, experimental, and control groups conducted the presentation in the first, second, and zero order. The results showed a significant difference between the control and experimental groups in recognition scores (p = .011), which decreased performance anticipation of student’s recognition ability in online learning contexts. The findings can be utilized by educators to design learning scenarios needed to optimize students understanding of presentation materials and lectures. Furthermore, presentations should be scheduled at the beginning of the class and limited to one per session.
Implications of HIV status disclosure
Authors: Thompson Rachel G. A. , Nutor Jerry John , Agbadi Pascal , Agbaglo Ebenezer , Anguyo Geoffrey
Published: July 2024

Disclosure of HIV status is critical for HIV prevention and control. However, although the benefits of HIV disclosure have received extensive documentation, the same cannot be said for its drawbacks. In the current study, we used a descriptive qualitative study design to highlight the implications of disclosure among 30 pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV in Uganda. We conducted a qualitative content analysis and found that healthcare professionals responded positively and supportively when HIV-positive pregnant and postpartum women disclosed their status, and that individuals who disclosed their status to their husbands but not to wider circles also experienced no mistreatment or discrimination. Contrarily, however, some husbands reacted unfavourably to their wife’s HIV-positive status when a larger audience was involved in the disclosure. In particular, we discovered that co-wives and in-laws promoted stigmatization, including violence, by husbands. The interaction between these HIV-positive women and their mothers also demonstrated both positive and negative implications. This counterintuitive attitude has the consequence of reducing the uptake of antiretroviral drugs. There is therefore a need for policies and initiatives that not only encourage disclosure to health professionals, spouses and a few close relatives or friends but prevent stigmatization, violence and other forms of abuse against HIV-positive women.
Diary
Authors: Oshioka Midori
Published: July 2024

Two books which have given me much pleasure over the last year have been the diaries of a young lady from Japan, Midori Oshioka, written over a long visit to England. Her ambition (realized) was to work as a chef at the Waterside Inn, Bray-on-Thames, perhaps the standard-bearer of haute cuisine in this country. To qualify for the task, Midori put herself through training in food and cookery at the North Oxfordshire College of Technology, entered into extended and exhausting proceedings to obtain a work-permit, and learned to drive. All the while, she lived with a couple of British families near Banbury, cooking, helping with children and being generally essential. Her journals are a charming record of her residence, not least because of their account of the collision or, more usually, coexistence of two distinct styles of cookery and nourishment. It is fortunate that Ms Oshioka’s mother is in publishing in Tokyo so that her manuscript could be conveyed to print. The pages which follow, too few but all we could spare for glorious colour, come from the second of her volumes, entitled Autumn–Winter, England, while the first was called Spring–Summer, England. They are published by Taniguchi-shoten publishers Inc., Tokyo. Should anyone be interested in seeing more, they can be bought from the author herself at Toshima-ku, Ikebukuro, 2-73-5-702, 171-0014, Tokyo. Her email is 
Two poems
Authors: Crowden James
Published: July 2024

.
Maricel E. Presilla: The New Taste of Chocolate
Authors: Davidson Alan
Published: July 2024

Maricel E. Presilla: The New Taste of Chocolate: Ten Speed Press, 2001: ISBN 1-58008-143-6: 198 pp., colour photos, h/b, $29.95.
Graham Reekie: Teaching your Granny not to Suck Eggs
Authors: Davidson Alan
Published: July 2024

Graham Reekie: Teaching your Granny not to Suck Eggs: Wren and Greyhound, Holyhead, 2001: ISBN 0 9541506-0-0: 125 pp., p/b.
Fisuras de la cultural contemporánea. Revista de bolsillo sobre arquitectura, numbers 9 and 10, 2001, Madrid: Under the Table Table Talk
Authors: Davidson Alan
Published: July 2024

Fisuras de la cultural contemporánea. Revista de bolsillo sobre arquitectura, numbers 9 and 10, 2001, Madrid: Under the Table Table Talk: ISSN 1134-9409:  228 pp., photographs, p/b, 2 volumes, £12 each.
Melitta Weiss Adamson, ed.: Das bu ?ch von gu?ter spise (The Book of Good Food)
Authors: Davidson Alan
Published: July 2024

Melitta Weiss Adamson, ed.: Das bu ?ch von gu?ter spise (The Book of Good Food): Medium Aevum Quotidianum Sonderband IX, Krems, Austria, 2000: ISBN 3-90-1094-12-1: 125 pp., p/b.
Jane Grigson: Charcuterie and French Pork Cookery
Authors: Davidson Alan
Published: July 2024

Jane Grigson: Charcuterie and French Pork Cookery: Grub Street, London, 2001: ISBN 1-902304-88-8: 347 pp., b&w illus., h/b, £14.99.
Edited by Philippa Glanville and Hilary Young: Elegant Eating. Four Hundred Years of Dining in Style
Authors: Davidson Alan
Published: July 2024

Edited by Philippa Glanville and Hilary Young: Elegant Eating. Four Hundred Years of Dining in Style: V&A Publications, 2002: ISBN 1851773371: 144 pp., h/b, £30.00
Descubriendo las Capacidades de Innovación en el Turismo de Nariño
Authors: Novoa Pérez Dairo Javier , Torres Anillo Karen
Published: July 2024

Esta investigación se adentra en el análisis de las capacidades de innovación de las empresas turísticas que operan en el departamento de Nariño. El objetivo principal es evaluar su habilidad para la innovación y comprender cómo estas empresas se destacan en un entorno turístico en constante evolución. El abordaje de esta temática se basó en una recopilación de datos primarios, utilizando encuestas semiestructuradas, las cuales fueron dirigidas a los representantes legales y gerentes de las unidades productivas que conforman el tejido turístico en este departamento, principalmente en Sandoná, Ipiales, Cumbal, Pasto y Tumaco, municipios que son reconocidos como destinos turísticos emblemáticos en el contexto del departamento de Nariño.
Producción de biochar a partir de cáscara de palma, cisco de café y contenido ruminal bovino vía pirólisis y su uso en la remoción azul de metileno en solución acuosa
Authors:   Universidad de Santander, Gómez Jaimes Franci Nathalie , Muñoz Ríos Sergio Jonayder ,   Universidad Industrial de Santander, Rey Hernández Laura Maileth ,   Industrias Acuña Ltda. INAL, Acuña Rodríguez Katherin Natalia ,   Industrias Acuña Ltda. INAL, Acuña Llanes Ángel Custodio ,   Industrias Acuña Ltda. INAL
Published: July 2024

Introducción: La gran cantidad de biomasa residual derivada de la actividad agroindustrial constituye una problemática ambiental que requiere del uso de estrategias de aprovechamiento que fortalezcan las cadenas productivas en el marco de la producción y consumo responsables. Objetivo: En esta investigación se realizó la producción de biochar a partir de la pirólisis de una mezcla de cáscara de palma (40%), cisco de café (40%) y contenido ruminal bovino (20%) para evaluar su capacidad de remoción de azul de metileno en solución acuosa. Materiales y métodos: La pirólisis de la mezcla se realizó a una temperatura de 750°C, con una tasa de calentamiento de 15°C/min, durante 2 h. El producto obtenido se denominó biochar FT-750 al cual se determinó su composición elemental, contenido de cenizas y área superficial. Finalmente, se evaluó la capacidad de remoción de azul de metileno en solución acuosa (250 mg/L) a diferentes valores de pH (2-10). Resultados y discusión: El biochar FT–750 tuvo un contenido de carbono de 73,6%, un contenido de cenizas de 16,1% y un área superficial de 0,88 m2/g. Con estas características, se alcanzó una remoción de azul de metileno del 37% a pH 10. Los resultados se ajustaron al modelo cinético de pseudo-primer orden y a la isoterma de Freundlich. Conclusiones: La pirólisis es una estrategia efectiva de transformación de biomasa residual como la cáscara de palma, el cisco de café y el contenido ruminal bovino para producir un biochar útil como adsorbente en la remoción de contaminantes en solución acuosa
Dynamics of Some Medical and Demographic Indicators in St. Petersburg During the Period from 2018 to 2023
Authors: Simakhodsky Anatoly S. , Sevostyanova Ludmila D. , Lukashоva Yulia V. , Petrova Natalya V. , Simakhodsky Oleg A.
Published: July 2024

Background. There have been negative trends in the birth rate and population growth decline in recent years. Forecasts from demographers are also not so encouraging as the next generation of childbearing age is one from the end of the last century which is characterized by low birth rate. Population mortality exceeded the birth rate during the years of challenging and questionable economic reforms. Moreover, there was a high level of chronic morbidity in child population, and physical development had the trend to retardation. Meanwhile under these circumstances, the President of Russian Federation and the Government adopted regulatory documents (decrees, dedicated programs) that determined the directions of state social policy on improving the situation with children in Russian Federation until 2000.

Objective. The aim of the study is to evaluate the dynamics of several medical and social indicators of 2018–2023 characterizing demographic trends direction, with proposals on improving medical care in the maternal and child health care system.

Methods. The study has covered reporting form No. 19 of Russian Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) for children’s outpatient clinics, form No. 14 for children’s hospitals, form No. 030/у “Check-list of dispensary observation”. The study has used the materials of the Presidential Coordination board meeting from November 15, 2016. Statistical data was obtained from the “Office of the Federal State Statistics Service for St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region” (Petrostat) and the Center for Analysis and Forecast of Mother and Child Health at Health Committee of St. Petersburg, Medical Information and Analytical Center (“Major results in the field of health care in St. Petersburg”, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022). Statistical processing was carried out via variational statistics methods (Pearson’s criterion, Fisher’s angular transformation criterion) and data from the automated system of prophylactic medical examination, registration certificate FSR No. 2009/05279, corresponding to the order of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation No. 514н dated August 10, 2017.

Results. The analysis of study results confirms the negative demographic patterns in St. Petersburg like the all-Russian. Increase assisted reproductive technologies was noted alongside with birth rate decrease. There are still high rates of stillbirth and perinatal mortality, as well as increased infant mortality rate. The correlation of depopulation processes with children’s health worsening and increasing disability is emphasized.

Conclusion. The problems raised in this paper do not have an straightforward solution and require multimodal approach.
Sodium-Dependent Glucose Transporter Type 2 Inhibitors as a Breakthrough in Neutropenia and Neutrophil Dysfunction Management in Patients with Glycogen Storage Disease Type Ib
Authors: Surkov Andrey N. , Namazova-Baranova Leyla S. , Arakelyan Anna L. , Bessonov Evgeny E. , Zhurkova Natalia V.
Published: July 2024

Glycogen storage disease type Ib (GSD Ib) is a rare and extremely severe disease included in the group of hereditary carbohydrate metabolism disorders. The condition is caused by pathogenic variants in the SLC37A4 gene leading to glucose metabolic disorder in the liver and kidneys, and as a result to severe organomegaly, hypoglycemia, and metabolic decompensation. Moreover, neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction are noted in patients with GSD Ib. The use of granulocyte colony stimulating factor only increases the number of dysfunctional neutrophils without affecting their functional activity, what determines the inefficacy of such treatment. In recent years, the mechanism of neutropenia in GSD Ib has been clarified, so new therapeutic agents for its relief have been created. This article presents the overview of data on the successful results of renal sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (gliflozins) usage in patients with GSD Ib.
Niemann-Pick Disease, Type A: Clinical Case of 5 Months Old Patient
Authors: Zhurkova Nataliya V. , Vashakmadze Nato V. , Surkov Andrey N. , Turti Tatiana V. , Bogdanova Kristina V. , Kotalevskaya Yuliya Yu. , Zakharova Ekaterina Yu. , Namazova-Baranova Leyla S.
Published: July 2024

Background. Niemann-Pick disease, type A is a rare hereditary disease from the group of lysosomal storage diseases, it is characterized by early onset and progressive course. Description of this disease’s clinical cases is crucial for early diagnosis and adequate management due to its rarity, rapid progression, and the development of new pathogenetic therapy methods.

Clinical case description. The disease manifested on the second month of the patient’s life with poor weight gain, frequent pneumonia, hepatosplenomegaly, diffuse muscular hypotonia, delayed motor development, and progressive neurological symptoms. Laboratory testing has revealed significant decrease in sphingomyelinase activity in blood. The heterozygous deletion c.996del in exon 2 of the SMPD1 gene has been revealed via direct automatic sequencing; it leads to frameshifting p.F333Sfs*52 (inherited from mother). Moreover, the previously described pathogenic nucleotide variant c.1252C>T (heterozygous) has been revealed in exon 3 of the SMPD1 gene; it leads to translation arrest p.Arg418* (inherited from father). Cherry-red spots were diagnosed at fundospcopy. The diagnosis of Niemann-Pick disease, type А was established according to clinical signs and molecular genetic testing results.

Conclusion. The detection of physical and motor development delay, diffuse muscular hypotonia, hepatosplenomegaly, cherry-red spots at ophthalmological examination, lung involvement, recurrent pneumonia, and progressive neurological symptoms in a child during the first months of life indicates that this patient has Niemann-Pick disease, type А. Early molecular genetic testing is crucial for timely choosing the management approach and further genetic counselling of the family.
Spatiotemporal Variation of Stranded Marine Mammals in the Philippines from 2005 to 2022: Latest Stranding Hotspots and Species Stranding Status
Authors: Aragones Lemnuel V. , Morado Alessandra Nicole L. , Obusan Marie Christine M. , Laggui Honey Leen M. , Bondoc Jonah L. , Suarez Leo Jonathan A. , Lawler Ewen Kye
Published: July 2024

This follow-up study to the first assessment of Philippine marine mammal strandings (1998 to 2009) assesses the spatiotemporal variation of strandings and the top five most frequently stranded species from a 2005-2022 dataset. It identifies stranding hotspot areas, estimates species stranding rates/status, and examines species composition and other stranding information. The 18-year database contained 1,368 stranding events with an annual average of 76 events. The total annual stranding frequency increased over the initial study period but fluctuated in the last seven years. Of the 30 species of marine mammals known in the Philippines, 27 species (26 cetaceans and one sirenian) were recorded in stranding records, and the top five most frequently stranded were (1) spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris), (2) dugongs (Dugong dugon), (3) Risso’s dolphins (Grampus griseus), (4) Fraser’s dolphins (Lagenodelphis hosei), and (5) melon-headed whales (Peponocephala electra). Strandings consisted mostly of single animals (95%), and 55% of animals stranded alive. For each of the top five species, the frequency of stranding events increased annually. There was a peak in stranding frequency during the pre-southwest inter-monsoon season (March-April-May) for spinner and Risso’s dolphins as well as melon-headed whales, with no seasonal trend for the Fraser’s dolphins and dugongs. We identified stranding hotspots within 15 × 15 km grids along the coastline of the major island groups: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Thirty-five percent (497 of 1,422 grids) of the Philippine coastline had stranding records, with the majority in Luzon (n = 238), followed by Mindanao (n = 130) and Visayas (n = 128). Thirty-five stranding hotspots were identified: 24 in Luzon, 10 in Mindanao, and one in Visayas. Species stranding status categories were generated from log transformed stranding rates per species into standardized classification by quartiles. The stranding status of the top five most frequently stranded species was “very frequent” for spinner dolphins, and “frequent” for Fraser’s and Risso’s dolphins, dugongs, and melon-headed whales. The spatiotemporal variation of stranded marine mammals reflects the dynamic nature of the Philippine archipelago driven by monsoons and inter-monsoons and is exacerbated by fishing pressure and illegal activities. This study showed the importance of robust long-term marine mammal stranding databases for monitoring strandings and generating relevant information essential for their conservation.
Chitosan-based polyelectrolyte complex in combination with allotropic forms of carbon as a basis of thin-film organic electronics
Authors: Zilberg Rufina , Salikhov Renat , Mullagaliev Ilnur , Teres Yulia , Bulysheva Elena , Salikhov Timur , Ostaltsova Anastasia , Vakulin Ivan
Published: July 2024

Using atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the morphology and mobility of charge carriers in composite films with a thickness of no more than 500 nm obtained on the basis of a polyelectrolyte complex of chitosan and chitosan succinamide with addition of particles of carbon materials were studied and estimated.  The following carbon materials were used: single-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and carbon-containing sorbents with different specific surfaces (Carboblack C and Carbopack). Moreover, the studied materials in the form of films were used as a transport layer in the structure of field-effect transistors. The output and transfer characteristics of the transistors obtained were measured. According to the measurement results, the mobility of charge carriers, µ, ranges from 0.341 to 1.123 cm2 V–1·s–1, depending on the type of carbon material added. The best result was demonstrated by films based on a composite containing simultaneously single-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide (μ = 10.972 cm2 V–1·s–1).
Landscape-bionomic zoning of the coastal zone of the Sea of Japan
Authors: Rakitin Tikhon
Published: July 2024

The coastal zone and shelf of the Sea of Japan has bioproductive canopy. Regional
morphostructures and other abiotic factors make to a basin hydrobionts comfortable environmental conditions. The basics is proved the marine landscape and coastal morphostructures. The article purpose applied of principles of landscape-ecology (bionomic) zoning and space monitoring data for definition and forming borders (polygons) of marine landscapes. The work is based on theory concept of morphostructural zoning the coastal zone and shelf, having been written by Kirill Mikhailovich Petrov, and the theory of regional ecologic panel acquired by Mark Douglas Spalding et al from the American institute biology of sciences. The author solved to be have looked up early foreign and relate colleagues’ previous materials have been seen not be exposed to procedure practice, and also it is complexed path for elucidation to the coastal zone of a sea. Virtually, similar to examinations the orb circles lithosphere and it’s layers and/or agro-industrial landscapes. The article is demonstrated fundamental theoretic emits and the ones integrated with inclusive method in investigation of marine ecosystem within the coastal zone and shelf of the north-western of the Sea of Japan. Also, the paper is expanded: landscape-bionomic units (vertical, zonal, azonal); spatial phytoplankton and bottom biocenoses spreading in the coastal zone of the north-western of the Sea of Japan and the example of usage satellite data and geo-informational systems. The paper practice values: resulted in investigation on marine ecosystems dynamics, biological productivity and then it is needed for forecasting on regional state and leading of specially protected natural reservations within the coastal zone and shelf of the north-western of the Sea of Japan. The article is appeared part of author’s science dissertation.
Features of program-targeted budgeting in the Far Eastern Federal District
Authors: Ishina Irina , Bay Tatyana
Published: July 2024

Currently, the global and, in particular, the Russian economy is undergoing a period
of changes due to the unstable political situation. During this period, a large number of efforts at the state level are being made to ensure the autonomy of the economy, reduce its dependence on external factors and threats. In this regard, it is important to form a budget system in which the volume of financing will be maximum, stable and predictable, and the result of their development will be an improvement in living conditions in the country and the solution of key government tasks.
Programs and projects whose implementation is aimed at solving key socio-economic problems are very popular at the global level. This approach is also typical for the construction and execution of state budgets.
In the Russian Federation, in accordance with current legislation, there is a budget system built according to the program-target principle. This approach means that public funding is allocated to the implementation of specific programs, each of which is aimed at achieving predetermined goals, indicators and events with the assignment of responsible performers for each of the elements.
Within the framework of this article, the program-targeted budgeting of the regions that are part of the Far Eastern Federal District is considered. Quantitative characteristics of programs and parameters of budget allocations of budgets are described, the most and least funded state programs of the regions under consideration are given, the project part of the budgets is touched upon, key problematic aspects are identified, assumptions are made about the causes of their occurrence, and recommendations are made to optimize the formation of state programs on the example of the subjects of the Russian Federation selected within the framework of this article.
Income tax optimization as a component of strategic management of enterprise finances
Authors: Medvedev Pavel , Bondareva Natal’ya
Published: July 2024

This publication contains the results of the research of the peculiarities of optimization of profit tax of the organization. The article reveals the concept of profit tax optimization as a component of strategic financial management of the enterprise. Based on the analysis of proposals of various scientists, the article presents legitimate measures to reduce the tax base and the amount of profit tax as a component of strategic financial management of the enterprise. Today, tax payments constitute a significant part of an enterprise's expenses. One of the main tasks of any business entity is to increase the profitability of the organization. For this purpose, in the process of writing the article, a comparative analysis of different taxation strategies including the application of tax exemptions and deductions, tax planning and structuring, etc. was carried out. It was found that effective measures to minimize the income tax base, according to many authors, include keeping accurate records of all business expenses, including the use of technological tools and software, identifying types of deductible expenses, and strategic planning for large purchases. It is concluded that maximizing tax efficiency through corporate income tax optimization requires careful planning, accurate record keeping and a thorough understanding of tax laws. Ways of improving tax strategy, aspects of increasing the company's profit volume are considered. Peculiarities of tax legislation and regulations in terms of tax optimization of profit tax are highlighted and described. Considerable attention is paid to the importance of tracking updates in tax legislation.
Aquisição de alimentos que compõem a nova cesta básica pelas famílias brasileiras de baixa renda em 2017-18: distribuição socioeconômica e demográfica
Authors: Silva Marcos Anderson Lucas da , Rodrigues Lucas Braga , Brito Samuel Almeida , Lage Luisa Gazola , Louzada Maria Laura da Costa
Published: July 2024

Em 2024, o governo brasileiro promulgou um decreto com novas diretrizes para a cesta básica de alimentos, baseadas no Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira. Este estudo descreve a aquisição dos alimentos que compõem a nova cesta básica por famílias de baixa renda no Brasil, utilizando dados da última edição da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares, realizada em 2017-8. Foram analisadas as aquisições domiciliares de alimentos das famílias com renda per capita de até meio salário-mínimo, no país como um todo e segundo situação de moradia, região do País e raça/cor da pele do chefe da família (n=13.706 domicílios). Os alimentos que compõem a cesta, identificados conforme a Portaria 966 do Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social, representaram 84,1% do total de calorias adquiridas pelos domicílios de baixa renda. Os grupos alimentares com maiores contribuições para o total de calorias foram cereais (33,4%), açúcares e óleos/gorduras (21,3%), e carnes e ovos (11,5%). Arroz, milho e outros grãos e feijões contribuíram com 19,6% e 4,6% das calorias, respectivamente. Carnes de ave e de boi foram as mais consumidas, representando 4,9% e 4,0% das calorias. Frutas contribuíram com 1,9% e legumes e verduras com 0,7%. A participação calórica de alimentos da nova cesta básica foi maior na área rural (88,0%) e nas regiões Norte (88,2%) e Nordeste (85,9%). Não houve diferenças significativas entre as categorias de raça/cor da pele. Nossos dados mostram que, em 2017-8, os alimentos que compõem a nova cesta eram a base da alimentação da população mais pobre, reforçando a viabilidade cultural da sua implementação e a necessidade de políticas que garantam o acesso contínuo a esses alimentos.
Effect of Royal Sun Medicinal Mushroom Agaricus brasiliensis KA21 (Agaricomycetes) Cultivated Outdoors on Wound Healing and Maintaining Skin Elasticity
Authors: Motoi Akitomo , Tajima Katsuya , Motoi Rina , Motoi Masuro , Amano Hoichi , Yamanaka Daisuke , Ishibashi Ken-ichi , Ohno Naohito , Adachi Yoshiyuki
Published: July 2024

Royal sun medicinal mushroom Agaricus brasiliensis KA21 has various beneficial pharmacological effects; however, these effects are influenced by its cultivation conditions. A. brasiliensis KA21 is rich in β-glucan, which promotes wound healing. This study evaluated the wound healing-promoting effects of A. brasiliensis KA21 and the influence of cultivation conditions on these effects. Upon evaluation of its effect on wound healing, the outdoor-cultivated A. brasiliensis KA21 (KAOD) promoted wound healing in mice, and the effect of KAOD was stronger than that of the indoor-cultivated one (KAID). In addition, A. brasiliensis KA21 promoted the synthesis of collagen I and III, which are involved in promoting wound healing; KAOD strongly induced collagen III production. Furthermore, KAOD suppressed the decrease in skin elasticity after acetone application in our mouse model, which was not observed for KAID. These results show that KAOD is useful as a supplement in surgery and injury healing for humans and animals, improving immunity against pathogens in wound areas and promoting wound healing. In addition, KAOD may be useful in the field of skin aesthetics for repairing skin damage and maintaining skin elasticity.
Effects of Zibotentan Alone and in Combination with Dapagliflozin on Fluid Retention in Patients with CKD
Authors: Smeijer J. David , Wasehuus Victor S. , Dhaun Neeraj , Górriz José Luis , Soler Maria José , Åstrand Magnus , Mercier Anne-Kristina , Greasley Peter J. , Ambery Phil , Heerspink Hiddo J.L.
Published: July 2024

Key Points

Increasing doses of the endothelin receptor antagonist zibotentan and lower eGFR were associated with a higher risk of fluid retention.

The higher risk of fluid retention could be attenuated by the combination of zibotentan with the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin.

Background

Endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs) reduce albuminuria but are limited by fluid retention risk, particularly in patients with CKD. Combining ERAs with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, which have diuretic effects, offers a promising strategy to mitigate fluid retention. In this post hoc analysis of the Zibotentan and Dapagliflozin for the Treatment of CKD (ZENITH-CKD) trial, we assessed fluid dynamics in patients with CKD treated with the ERA zibotentan alone and in combination with the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin.

Methods

In the ZENITH-CKD trial, 508 patients with CKD (eGFR ≥20 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and a urinary albumin-creatinine ratio of 150–5000 mg/g) were randomized to treatment with placebo, dapagliflozin 10 mg plus placebo, zibotentan (0.25, 1.5, or 5 mg) plus dapagliflozin 10 mg, and zibotentan 5 mg plus placebo. We evaluated correlations between changes in fluid retention markers and bioimpedance-measured extracellular fluid in response to zibotentan treatment. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to assess the association between zibotentan/dapagliflozin treatment, baseline characteristics, and fluid retention and the relationship between zibotentan plasma exposure and fluid retention.

Results

After 3 weeks of treatment with zibotentan 0.25, 1.5, or 5 mg plus dapagliflozin 10 mg, changes in body weight (β=0.36 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.26 to 0.45]) per kg, B-type natriuretic peptide (β=0.38 [95% CI, 0.22 to 0.54]) per doubling, and hemoglobin (β=−0.29 [95% CI, −0.48 to −0.10]) per g/dl were independently associated with changes in extracellular fluid. Higher doses of zibotentan were associated with significantly higher risk of fluid retention compared with dapagliflozin alone (zibotentan 5 mg hazard ratio (HR) 8.50 [95% CI, 3.40 to 21.30]). The HR attenuated when zibotentan was combined with dapagliflozin (zibotentan/dapagliflozin 5/10 mg HR 3.09 [95% CI, 1.08 to 8.80], zibotentan/dapagliflozin 1.5/10 mg 2.70 [95% CI, 1.44 to 5.07], and zibotentan/dapagliflozin 0.25/10 mg HR 1.21 [95% CI, 0.50 to 2.91]). The risk of fluid retention was higher with higher zibotentan exposure and lower eGFR.

Conclusions

High doses of zibotentan were associated with a higher risk of fluid retention, which was attenuated with lower doses and the addition of dapagliflozin.

Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:

ZENITH-CKD Trial, NCT04724837.
Bunker/shelter as a Situated Learning Space: An Example of a Life Protection Experiment in Threatening
Authors: Siemieniecka Dorota
Published: July 2024

The article describes the assumptions of an experiment and training conducted at the barracks of the Higher School of Justice (currently the Academy of Justice) in Kalisz. Sixty individuals were subjected to 12 hours of bunker deprivation. The studies conducted during the experiment focused on the utilization of bunkers as educational spaces where individuals learn effective life protection strategies in threatening conditions. The analyses encompass practical aspects such as physical preparedness for crisis situations and psychosocial aspects of learning in stressful conditions. The participants of the experiment underwent simulations of crisis situations. The project's aim was to describe the adaptation mechanisms of individuals to threatening situations in the context of life protection. The shelter/bunker can serve as a space supporting situated learning, preparing individuals for effective action in crisis conditions. The text presents those elements of the theory and research from the field of situated learning that should be taken into account in the didactic planning of training sessions for services conducted in bunkers/shelters.
Cervical margin relocation in indirect restorations
Authors: Kok Jurie , Sykes Leanne
Published: July 2024

Cervical margin relocation (CMR) is a technique used to raise the deepest portion of a cavity preparation from a subgingival to a supragingival level. This paper presents an overview of the technique and an analysis of current thinking and practices regarding the use of CMR when carrying out indirect restorations on teeth with deep subgingival margins. Despite promising results, the procedure is still controversial and most studies have been focused on laboratory-based testing of parameters such as bond strength, marginal integrity and fracture behaviour of the restorations. Although long-term clinical survival rates are reportedly high (96%), debate continues regarding the procedure’s impact on gingival health. This paper will explore the historical and clinical development of CMR, its indications, advantages and disadvantages, as well as the time and cost implications, and long-term prognosis. While CMR appears to be safe and effective in appropriately selected cases, with meticulous application techniques, further randomised controlled clinical trials are necessary to draw definitive conclusions.
Critical Thinking Dispositions: Development and Validation of an Assessment Tool
Authors: Хиль Юлия , Садова Анастасия , Соболева Ольга , Степашкина Екатерина , Гужеля Дмитрий
Published: July 2024

The article describes the process of developing and testing the “Critical Thinking Dispositions” (CDT) tool. Critical thinking dispositions refer to a person's predispositions, tendencies, or readiness to implement critical thinking skills. The relevance of studying and measuring CDT is reflected in the relationship of the construct with the psychological characteristics of a person and his success in various fields. Also, dispositions are important for the manifestation of critical thinking skills: a person with low dispositions may not demonstrate critical thinking, even if it is expressed at a high level. Currently, there is a lack of validated Russian-language instruments dedicated to CDT. The purpose of the study was to develop a CDT instrument and test its validity. Descriptions of the construct in the research literature, analysis of existing theoretical frameworks, and tools for measuring critical thinking dispositions are provided. The instrument is a self-report questionnaire in computer format. The respondent’s task is to assess how similar his behavior in everyday life is to that described in the statements. The questionnaire was tested, based on the data obtained, the factor structure and the quality of the developed tasks were checked, and convergent and content validity was assessed. The results of psychometric testing suggest that the developed instrument is a reliable and valid way to assess critical thinking dispositions in Russian-speaking people over 16 years of age. Limitations of this study and possible directions for future developments are discussed.
Effects of Participation in Domestics Mobility for Young Researchers and Lecturers
Authors: Нефедова Алёна , Чефанова Елизавета , Слепых Виктория , Иващенко Анастасия
Published: July 2024

In the context of a significant reduction in international mobility for Russian scientists, the importance of domestic programs is increasing. This study aims to assess the scale of domestic academic mobility programs, create a profile of those interested in participating in such programs, and describe the outcomes of such participation using young candidates of sciences as an example. The study is based on the results of representative surveys conducted among Russian teachers, researchers, and graduate students as part of the Monitoring of the Economy of Education in June-October 2022, as well as in-depth interviews conducted with participants of Russian postdoc programs by the authors in June-September 2022.
It was found that the level of domestic mobility for teachers and researchers is low: only 3% of them underwent long-term internships within the country in 2019-2021, and 3% of graduate students participated in Russian postdoc programs. The potential mobility level is also low: one-third of Russian teachers (30%) are not willing to change their place of residence for a new job. Participants of Russian postdoc programs highlight numerous positive effects of these programs, including significant growth in qualifications, acquisition of new competencies, and expansion of professional networks. However, the development of domestic academic mobility is hindered by various institutional barriers such as the closed academic environment and cautious attitude towards mobility, as well as lack of support during relocation.
Pole Test v1
Authors: daniel daniel.dautan , Svenningsson Per
Published: July 2024

Test for motor ability in mice
Modified Evolutionary Algorithm Mole-Rat with an Adaptive Mechanism for Dynamic Obstacle Avoidance in Emergency Situations
Authors: Kureichik V. V. ,   Southern Federal University, Rostov-na-Donu, 344006, Russian Federation, Danilchenko V. I. ,   Southern Federal University, Rostov-na-Donu, 344006, Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

The study is devoted to improving evacuation strategies in emergency situations based on the application of the evolutionary algorithm Mole-rat (mole colony algorithm) (MRA). The work is based on a modified dynamic obstacle avoidance mechanism designed to improve the efficiency of the basic MRA algorithm in the context of evacuation from hazardous areas. In the context of increasing emergencies and crises, providing effective evacuation strategies becomes a pressing and important task. The implementation of the MRA algorithm with a modified dynamic obstacle avoidance mechanism is a relevant approach that will improve the efficiency and safety of real-time evacuation.
THE ROLE OF CIVIL SOCIETY INSTITUTIONS IN THE FORMATION OF THE SECURITY SPACE OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN STATES
Authors: Danylenko Serhiy ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: July 2024

The article examines the role of civil society institutions in Ukraine and Poland in addressing crisis issues of interstate cooperation, assessing their potential influence on democratic processes within the countries and government decisions amid the formation of the security framework in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). It also emphasizes the impact of independent media on political, economic, social, and interstate relations among CEE countries against the backdrop of the Russian-Ukrainian war and significant shifts in the security landscape of the European continent. The need for enhanced collaboration among Ukrainian and Polish scientific, academic, public, human rights, and media spheres to develop and implement a systemic ideology of conflict-free strategic coexistence is highlighted, especially given the new existential threat posed by Russia to Ukraine, Poland, and other countries in Central and Eastern Europe and the Baltic States.
Large language models and their role in modern scientific discoveries
Authors: Filimonov V. Yu.
Published: July 2024

Today, large language models are very powerful, informational and analytical tools that significantly accelerate most of the existing methods and methodologies for processing informational processes. Scientific information is of particular importance in this capacity, which gradually involves the power of large language models. This interaction of science and qualitative new opportunities for working with information lead us to new, unique scientific discoveries, their great quantitative diversity. There is an acceleration of scientific research, a reduction in the time spent on its implementation – the freed up time can be spent both on solving new scientific problems and on scientific creativity, which, although it may not necessarily lead to a specific solution to a particular scientific problem, but is able to demonstrate the beauty of science in various disciplinary areas. As a result, the interaction of large language models and scientific information is at the same time a research for solutions to scientific problems, scientific problems, and scientific creativity. Solving scientific problems requires the ability to efficiently process big data, which cannot be done without an effective method – one of the significant methods was the Transformer architecture, introduced in 2017 and comprehensively integrated into the GPT‑3 model, which, as of September 2020, was the largest and most advanced language model in the world. Therefore, GPT‑3 can be called the basis of most scientific developments carried out in the context of using large language models. The interaction of science and large language models has become a factor in the emergence of a large number of questions, among which are: «Is the result of data analysis new knowledge?», «What are the prospects for scientific creativity in the era of big computing?». Currently, these issues are extremely important, because they allow us to develop the foundations for effective human‑computer interaction. Therefore, this study analyzes the issues presented.
What is scientific knowledge produced by Large Language Models?
Authors: Baryshnikov P. N.
Published: July 2024

This article examines the nature of scientific knowledge generated by Large Language Models (LLMs) and assesses their impact on scientific discoveries and the philosophy of science. LLMs, such as GPT‑4, are advanced deep learning algorithms capable of performing various natural language processing tasks, including text generation, translation, and data analysis. The study aims to explore how these technologies influence the scientific research process, questioning the classification and validity of AI‑assisted scientific discoveries. The methodology involves a comprehensive review of existing literature on the application of LLMs in various scientific fields, coupled with an analysis of their ethical implications. Key findings highlight the benefits of LLMs, including accelerated research processes, enhanced accuracy, and the ability to integrate interdisciplinary knowledge. However, challenges such as issues of reliability, the ethical responsibility of AI‑generated content, and environmental concerns are also discussed. The paper concludes that while LLMs significantly contribute to scientific advancements, their use necessitates a reevaluation of traditional concepts in the philosophy of science and the establishment of new ethical guidelines to ensure transparency, accountability, and integrity in AI‑assisted research. This balanced approach aims to harness the potential of LLMs while addressing the ethical and practical challenges they present.