bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
İklime Göre Tasarlamak: Koray Arslan Evi’nde Mekânsal Biçimlenmeler
Authors: Özcan Uslu Nilay
Published: July 2024

Son yıllarda yoğun nüfuslu kent merkezlerinden kent çeperinde yaşamaya doğru evrilen bir barınma eyleminden bahsetmek mümkün. Bu duruma kent merkezlerindeki kaotik gündelik hayat, ekonomik sorunlar, çarpık ve düzensiz yapılaşma, iklimsel değişikler gibi pek çok etken sebep olmaktadır. Ayrıca yakın geçmişte yaşanan Covid 19 Pandemisi ve 6 Şubat Depremi’nin de bu yönelimi pekiştirdiği söylenebilir. Bu bağlamda özellikle kent çeperlerinde giderek sayısı artan çağdaş konut mimarlığı örneklerinin yer aldığı görülür. Mimarlık disiplininin doğal çevreye doğrudan etkisi değerlendirildiğinde, kent çeperlerinde artan yapılaşma yoğunluğunun tıpkı kent merkezlerinde olduğu gibi bu alanları da dönüştürdüğü ve dönüştürmeye devam edeceği söylenebilir. Dolayısıyla çepere doğru gidildikçe daha kırsal bir alan haline bürünen kentin bu bölgelerinde uygulanacak her yapının yerle temasında göstereceği duyarlılık, içinde yer alacağı doğal çevrenin dönüşümü adına önemli olmaktadır. Bu noktada özellikle mimari tasarımın sezgisel sürecine eklemlenecek çözümler ile (mekânsal biçimlenmeye pasif sistemlerin dahil edilmesi, yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları kullanımı, fosil yakıt kaynaklı enerji kullanımının azaltılması, yağmur suyunun biriktirilmesi ve sulama amaçlı kullanımı vb.) yapının doğal çevre üzerinde yaratacağı olumsuz etkiler azaltılabilir. Tasarım sürecine eklemlenen bu çözümlerin geliştirilmesinde yere özgü iklimsel veriler başat rol oynar. Günümüzde giderek görünürlüğü artan küresel ısınma etkisinde değişen hava sıcaklıkları, kuraklık, artan yağış miktarı, yükselen nem oranları gibi faktörler iklime göre tasarlamak olgusunu daha da önemli hale getirmektedir. Bu kapsamda iklime göre tasarlamak, bu çalışmanın odak noktası olmakla birlikte bu yönde bir tasarım süreci geliştirmenin mekânsal biçimlenme üzerindeki etkileri Koray Arslan Evi örneği üzerinden incelenmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı bir çağdaş konut mimarlığı örneği olan Koray Arslan Evi’nin iklime göre tasarlamak olgusu ekseninde mekânsal biçimlenme sürecini sorgulamak ve bu biçimlenmeleri ortaya koymaktır.
АРНАЙЫ ПЕДАГОГТЕРДІҢ КҮЙЗЕЛІСКЕ ТӨЗІМДІЛІГІ МӘСЕЛЕСІ
Authors: Оразаева  , Лиходедова
Published: July 2024

Арнайы педагогтер өздерінің кәсіби қызметінде күйзеліске ұшырайды. Бұл факт олардың күйзеліске төзімділігіне әсер ететін факторлардың спектрін зерттеудің қажеттілігі мен маңыздылығын анықтайды. Дереккөздерді теориялық талдау арнайы педагогтердің күйзеліске төзімділігінің ерекшеліктерін, құрылымдық компоненттерінжәне психологиялық ресурстарын анықтауға мүмкіндік берді. Арнайы педагогтердегі күйзеліске төзімділік жұмыс қабілеттілігінің бұзылуының алдын алуға бағытталған психика ресурстарын белсендіруде көрінетін сапа ретінде қарастырылады.Зерттеу арнайы педагогтерде күйзелістік жағдайлардағы мінез-құлық ерекшеліктерін, олардың бейімделуін және күйзелістің ауырлығын анықтайтын психодиагностикалық әдістердіқолдана отырып жүргізілді. Нәтижелер респонденттерде күйзеліске төзімділіктің басым деңгейлерін анықтады. Зерттеуге қатысушылар күйзелістік жағдайда шамадан тыс жұмыс істеудің жоғары дәрежесін көрсетті, өзін-өзі бақылаудан және мінез-құлқын бақылаудан айырылды. Респонденттердің басқа тобында күйзелістік жағдайда әрдайым адекватты мінез-құлық байқалмады; тіпті кішігірім кәсіби оқиғалар олардың эмоционалды тепе-теңдігін бұзуы мүмкін екендігі анықталды. Зерттеуге қатысушылар арасында күйзеліске төзімділіктің жоғары деңгейін көрсеткендер де болды. Зерттеу нәтижелері, жалпы алғанда, оның қатысушыларының көпшілігі өздерінің кәсіби қызметімен байланысты күйзеліске төзімділіктің жеткіліксіздігімен сипатталады, бұл олардың кәсіби қызметтегікүйзелістік жағдайларды сәтті жеңу дағдыларын дамыту қажеттілігін көрсетеді.Бұл мақала Қазақстан Республикасы Ғылым және жоғары білім министрлігі Ғылым комитетінің BR 18574162 «Арнайы мұғалімдерді инклюзивті-бағдарлы оқыту» тақырыбы бойынша бағдарламалық-мақсатты қаржыландыру аясында дайындалған.
METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS NO ENSINO SUPERIOR: VANTAGENS E DESVANTAGENS PARA A ATUAÇÃO DOCENTE
Authors: Rocha Erimar Pereira da , Freitas Massilon Fragoso de , Nogueira Annyella Kassia , Lima Rayner Max Fernandes
Published: July 2024

No contexto educacional contemporâneo, as metodologias ativas emergem como elementos transformadores, redefinindo as abordagens pedagógicas tradicionais ao colocar os estudantes no centro do processo de aprendizagem. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a eficácia das metodologias ativas na promoção da cooperação e desenvolvimento de habilidades interpessoais em contextos educacionais. Para alcançar esse propósito, será realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura, explorando estudos que abordam a aplicação de metodologias ativas e sua influência na interação entre estudantes, com foco na colaboração e na formação de habilidades sociais fundamentais. A pesquisa explora como a aplicação de metodologias ativas pode intensificar a interação entre os estudantes, estimulando a colaboração e promovendo o desenvolvimento de habilidades interpessoais fundamentais. A ênfase na cooperação não apenas enriquece o aspecto cognitivo da aprendizagem, mas também prepara os alunos para enfrentar desafios que demandam habilidades colaborativas e a resolução conjunta de problemas.
First observations of the transient luminous event effect on ionospheric Schumann resonance, based on the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite
Authors: Qiu Shican , Wang Zhe , Lu Gaopeng , Zhima Zeren , Soon Willie , Velasco Herrera Victor Manuel , Ju Peng
Published: July 2024

Abstract. In this study, we focus on the interactions and interrelated effects among the transient luminous events (TLEs) recorded at the Luoding ground station (22.76° N, 111.57° E), the lightning activities observed by the World Wide Lightning Location Network, and the ionospheric electric field deduced from the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES). The results show that on 25 September 2021, the signal-to-noise ratio of the Schumann resonance at the first mode of 6.5 Hz and the second mode of 13 Hz dropped below 2.5 during the TLEs. A significant enhancement in the energy in extremely low frequencies (ELFs) occurred, and the power spectral density increased substantially. Distinct lightning whistler waves were found in the very low frequency (VLF) band, further indicating that the energy could possibly have been excited by the lightning. Our results suggest that the observations of the electric field from the satellite could possibly be utilised to monitor the lower-atmospheric lightning and its impact on the space environment.
More is not always better: downscaling climate model outputs from 30 to 5-minute resolution has minimal impact on coherence with Late Quaternary proxies
Authors: Timbrell Lucy , Blinkhorn James , Colucci Margherita , Leonardi Michela , Chevalier Manuel , Grove Matt , Scerri Eleanor , Manica Andrea
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Both proxies and models provide key resources to explore how palaeoenvironmental changes may have impacted diverse biotic communities and cultural processes. Whilst proxies provide the gold standard in reconstructing the local environment, they only provide point estimates for a limited number of locations; on the other hand, models have the potential to afford more extensive and standardised geographic coverage. A key decision when using model outputs is the appropriate geographic resolution to adopt; models are coarse scale, in the order of several arc degrees, and so their outputs are usually downscaled to a higher resolution. Most publicly available model time-series have been downscaled to 30 or 60 arc-minutes, but it is unclear whether such resolution is sufficient, or whether this may homogenise environments and mask the spatial variability that is often the primary subject of analysis. Here, we explore the impact of further downscaling model outputs from 30 to 5 arc-minutes using the delta method, which uses the difference between past and present model data sets to increase spatial resolution of simulations, in order to determine to what extent further downscaling captures climatic trends at the site-level, through direct comparison with proxy reconstructions. We use the output from the HadCM3 Global Circulation model for annual temperature, mean temperature of the warmest quarter, and annual precipitation, which we evaluated against a large empirical dataset of pollen-based reconstructions from across the Northern Hemisphere. Our results demonstrate that, overall, models tend to provide broadly similar accounts of past climate to that obtained from proxy reconstructions, with coherence tending to decline with age. However, our results imply that downscaling to a very fine scale has minimal to no effect on the coherence of model data with pollen records. Optimal spatial resolution is therefore likely to be highly dependent on specific research contexts and questions, with careful consideration required regarding the trade-off between highlighting local-scale variation and increasing potential error.
A subgrid method for the linear inertial equations of a compound flood model
Authors: van Ormondt Maarten , Leijnse Tim , de Goede Roel , Nederhoff Kees , van Dongeren Ap
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Accurate flood risk assessments and early warning systems are needed to protect and prepare people in coastal areas from storms.  In order to provide this information efficiently and on time, computational costs need to be kept as low as possible. Reduced-complexity models using linear inertial equations and subgrid approaches have been used previously to achieve this goal. In this paper, for the first time, we developed a subgrid approach for the Linear Inertial Equations (LIE) that account for bed level and friction variations. We implemented this method in the SFINCS model. Pre-processed lookup tables that correlate water levels with hydrodynamic quantities make more precise simulations with lower computational costs possible. These subgrid corrections have undergone validation through a variety of conceptual and real-world application scenarios, including analyses of hurricane hazards and tidal fluctuations. We demonstrate that the subgrid corrections for Linear Inertial Equations significantly improve model accuracy while utilizing the same resolution without subgrid corrections.  Moreover, coarser model resolutions with subgrid corrections can provide the same accuracy as finer resolutions without subgrid corrections. Limitations are discussed, for example, when grids do not adequately resolve river meanders, fluxes can be overestimated. Our findings show that subgrid corrections are an invaluable asset for hydrodynamic modelers striving to achieve a balance between accuracy and efficiency.
Influence of alluvial slope on avulsion in river deltas
Authors: Prasojo Octria A. , Hoey Trevor B. , Owen Amanda , Williams Richard D.
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Changed hydrological regimes, sea-level rise, and accelerated subsidence are all putting river deltas at risk across the globe. One mechanism by which deltas may respond to these stressors is that of avulsion. Decades of delta avulsion studies have resulted in conflicting hypotheses that avulsion frequency and location are primarily controlled by upstream (water and sediment discharge) or downstream (backwater and sea-level rise) drivers. Here we use Delft3D morphodynamic simulations to test the upstream-influence hypothesis by varying the initial alluvial slopes upstream of a self-formed delta plain within a range (1.13 × 10−4 to 3.04 × 10−3) that is representative of global deltas and recording avulsion, while leaving all other parameters constant. Avulsion timing and location were recorded in six scenarios modelled over a 400-year period. We measured independent morphometric variables including avulsion length, delta lobe width, bankfull depth, channel width at avulsion, delta topset slope and sediment load and compare these to natural and laboratory deltas. We find that larger deltas take more time to avulse as avulsion timing scales with avulsion length, delta lobe width and bankfull depth. More importantly, we also find a strong (p < 0.05) negative correlation between delta topset slope and avulsion timescale. We argue that topset slope is directly dependent on the varying upstream alluvial slope which determines sediment supply to the delta. Increases in upstream alluvial slope raise transport capacity so bringing more sediment into a delta plain, leading to higher aggradation rates and, consequently, more frequent avulsions. These results induce further debate over the role of downstream controls on delta avulsion.
Field evaluation of a novel charge transfer ionization TOF MS for ambient VOC measurements
Authors: Zografou Olga , Kaltsonoudis Christos , Gini Maria , Matrali Angeliki , Panagiotopoulos Elias , Lekkas Alexandros , Papanastasiou Dimitris , Pandis Spyros N. , Eleftheriadis Konstantinos
Published: July 2024

Abstract. A newly developed charge transfer orthogonal Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (oToF-MS), was deployed for the first time in the field in order to evaluate its ability to perform online real-time measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for a prolonged time period. The study focused on urban air sampling and targeted a specific range of VOCs, namely: acetone, isoprene, benzene, toluene, and xylene. The measurement campaign took place from May to August 2023 at the suburban area in Athens Greece. The measured VOC level were consistent with those reported in previous summer campaigns suggesting that the instrument did not face any unexpected problems moving from the laboratory to the field. The variability of the measurements of the various VOCs was used to gain insights about their sources. Transportation emissions were a dominant source of the BTX compounds (benzene, toluene and xylene). Acetone and isoprene were emitted by both anthropogenic and biogenic sources. During the summer biogenic sources were responsible for most of the isoprene in the site.
Long-term Variability and Trends of Agulhas Leakage and its Impacts on the Global Overturning
Authors: Grosselindemann Hendrik , Castruccio Frederic S. , Danabasoglu Gokhan , Biastoch Arne
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Agulhas Leakage transports warm and salty Indian Ocean waters into the Atlantic Ocean  and as such is an important component of the global ocean circulation. These waters are part of the upper limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), and Agulhas Leakage variability has been linked to AMOC variability. Agulhas Leakage is expected to increase under a warming climate due to a southward shift in the South Hemisphere westerlies, which could further influence the AMOC dynamics. This study uses a set of high-resolution pre-industrial control and historical and transient simulations with the Community Earth System Model (CESM) with a nominal horizontal resolution of 0.1° for the ocean and sea-ice and 0.25° for the atmosphere and land. At these resolutions, the model represents the necessary scales to investigate the Agulhas Leakage transport variability and its relation to the AMOC. The simulated Agulhas Leakage transport of 19.7 ± 3 Sv lies well within the observed range of 21.3 ± 4.7 Sv. A positive correlation between the Agulhas Current and the Agulhas Leakage is shown, meaning that an increase of the Agulhas Current transport leads to an increase in Agulhas Leakage. The Agulhas Leakage impacts the strength of the AMOC through Rossby wave dynamics that alter the cross-basin geostrophic balance with a time-lag of 2–3 years. Furthermore, the  salt flux associated with the Agulhas Leakage influences AMOC dynamics through the salt-advection feedback by reducing the AMOC’s freshwater transport at 34° S. The Agulhas Leakage transport indeed increases under a warming climate due to strengthened and southward shifting winds. In contrast, the Agulhas Current transport decreases, both due to a decrease in the Indonesian Throughflow as well as the strength of the wind-driven subtropical gyre. The increase in Agulhas Leakage is accompanied by a higher salt flux into the Atlantic Ocean, which suggests a destabilisation of the AMOC by salt-advection-feedback.
Characterization of vortex shedding regimes and lock-in response of a wind turbine airfoil with two high-fidelity simulation approaches
Authors: Fernandez-Aldama Ricardo , Papadakis George , Lopez-Garcia Oscar , Avila-Sanchez Sergio , Riziotis Vasilis A. , Cuerva-Tejero Alvaro , Gallego-Castillo Cristobal
Published: July 2024

Abstract. In this work, the Vortex-Induced Vibrations (VIV) phenomenon affecting a wind turbine airfoil section is analysed with two numerical approaches, a two-dimensional (2D) setup of the airfoil, simulated using the Unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations, and a three-dimensional (3D) setup with a span-to-chord aspect ratio of 1, employing the Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation model. A constant inflow velocity normal to the airfoil chord is considered, for a Reynolds number around 2 × 106. The only structural degree of freedom is the airfoil chordwise displacement. As a reference, simulations of the static airfoil are also performed. The 3D static simulation lift coefficient is shown to have intermittent periods of very different characteristics, including different Strouhal numbers. The VIV simulations are performed at different inflow velocities to cover the lock-in range. To make the lock-in range non-dimensional, a single Strouhal number is chosen for the 3D case, such that the non-dimensional lock-in ranges predicted by both approaches coincide. This Strouhal number is 5 % higher than the 2D Strouhal number and 14 % lower than the one previously reported for the same 3D airfoil setup. Inside the lock-in range, the 2D and 3D approaches predict a similar VIV development, characterized by the lift coefficient standard deviation, the mean drag coefficient and the airfoil vibration amplitude growth rate. These results are supported by the common hypothesis that the three-dimensional vortex shedding coherence increases when the body undergoes large and growing motions, becoming similar to a 2D case.
Covid-19 pandemisi sürecinde ortaokul öğrencilerinin uzaktan eğitime ilişkin görüşleri
Authors: Malkamak Gülşah Rümeysa , Ünsal Halük
Published: July 2024

Tüm dünyada ve Türkiye’de Covid-19 pandemisinin etkilediği alanların başında eğitim gelmektedir. Bu süreçle birlikte yüz yüze eğitimde aksamalar yaşanmış ve uzaktan eğitim ile öğretimin sürekliliği sağlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu araştırmanın amacı Covid-19 pandemisi sürecinde uzaktan eğitim ile ilgili ortaokul öğrencilerinin görüşlerini almaktır. Bu araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgu bilim deseninde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın verilerini toplamak için yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formundan yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu İstanbul iline bağlı bulunan iki devlet okulunda öğrenim gören 40 ortaokul öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada katılımcılar gönüllülük esaslarına uygun olarak belirlenmiş ve uygun örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada veriler betimsel analiz yöntemiyle analiz edilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre pandemi dönemi uzaktan eğitim sürecinde ortaokul öğrencilerinin internet ve alt yapı, uygun olmayan ev ortamı, donanım yetersizliği, sistemsel sorunlar, motivasyon eksikliği gibi problemlerle karşılaştıkları tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları doğrultusunda çevrimiçi sınıf mevcudunun azaltılması, internet ve cihaz desteğinin sağlanması, uzaktan eğitim uygulamalarının Türkçe dil destekli olması ve geliştirilmesine yönelik çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Integrating Tendinous Pathophysiology Into Rotator Cuff Tears And Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome: A Narrative Review
Authors: Poole Joshua R. , Alaia Erin , Meislin Robert J.
Published: July 2024

This narrative review aims to use the similarities between the shoulder and hip joints to better understand why rotator cuff (RC) tendinopathy and hip abductor tendinopathy occur and inform about diagnosis and treatment of both orthopedic complaints. A search of the literature was conducted using GoogleScholar and Pubmed and initially followed a systematic review protocol, but the nature of the topic, current literature and data necessitated a narrative review. Reports that discussed pathomechanics of RC and gluteal tendinopathy individually, together and with other muscles groups were reviewed. It was found that the methods measuring and describing the processes of tendinopathy differ significantly, for each individual joint and between all joints. A review of a large body of quantifiable measures and theoretical ideas regarding tendinopathy was performed to address this lack of consensus in current literature. Initial literature yielded 74 articles. After review, only 43 articles were used from a broad range of approaches and methodologies. The review found a body of evidence suggesting that fibrocartilage overgrowth and compressive forces over bony structures cause tendonous pathology of the RC and hip abductor tendons. These findings support the idea that tendinopathy is often caused by intrinsic factors rather than the traditional view of external factors. Earlier treatment and improved outcomes without surgery are possible using current imaging technology to identify these intrinsic factors that affect tendinous properties.
Disseminated Tuberculosis with Testes Involvement: An Intriguing Case Report
Authors: Kundu Arnab , Mukherjee Ramanuj , Parichha Ayan , Mukhopadhyay Gouri
Published: July 2024

Background: Disseminated tuberculosis (TB) is the presence of two or more noncontiguous sites resulting from hematogenous dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We report a case of disseminated TB with testicular involvement.
Case: A 21-year-old male patient presented to the outpatient department with bilateral testicular enlargement and tenderness for last six months. It was suspected to be a case of epididymo-orchitis and empirical antimicrobial therapy was initiated. However, ultrasonography findings were inconsistent with epididymo-orchitis. Two weeks later the patient again presented with increased nodularity in the right testes. Non-seminomatous germ cell tumor was suspected. However, tumor markers came back normal. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed enlarged lymph nodes in the right inguinal and retroperitoneal region raising a suspicion of testicular lymphoma. Positron emission tomography with computed tomography showed multiple lymphadenopathies. Histopathology of the left axillary lymph node finally confirmed the diagnosis to be tuberculosis. No drug resistance were found and the patient responded well to anti-tubercular drugs.
Conclusion: Diagnosing disseminated TB is difficult as it mimics conditions, such as infarction, cancer, torsion, etc. Attention to small details is necessary. We faced a similar situation in our patient. The patient went through a myriad of tests before finally being diagnosed with TB. Histopathological study was able to get it whereas cytology could not. Similar and totally opposite cases were found in the literature. This highlights the difficulty and importance of these type of cases.
Student Incivility in Classrooms: An Insight From The Student’s Point of View with Focus on Kerala
Authors: Somasundaran Chakkambath Ranjith , Krishna S Ananthu , Thomas Maliakkal Evin
Published: July 2024

Educators endeavour to establish classroom settings that foster learning. Nevertheless, it is a frequent occurrence to come across disruptive student conduct that hampers the learning environment we aim to establish. Classroom incivility may be characterized as student conduct that hinders the anticipated progression of the lecture or disturbs the educational environment within the class. After COVID-19, offline classes have begun and students are adapting to the traditional method of classroom coaching once again. The shift from digital to online mode of teaching has also created a sense of change in the general classroom discipline. This research investigates the student incivility from the student’s perspective. The target population is from the State of Kerala, India. The sample size was 244 students from different educational institutions across the State. A structured questionnaire was used to measure different incivility behaviors of students. The study used proportionate analysis for the demographic characteristics and general questions related to classroom incivility. Exploratory factor analysis was used to group the factors that contribute to classroom incivility. The outcome of this research aims to provide some insight into the students perspective of classroom incivility. This understanding would enable to educators to strengthen their classroom management skills and also develop their own strategies to deal with certain disruptive behaviours found.
4. ĐẶC ĐIỂM MÔ HÌNH BỆNH TẬT BỆNH VIỆN LÊ VĂN THỊNH GIAI ĐOẠN 2018-2023
Authors: Vũ Hoàng Thy Nhạc , Khanh Trần Văn , Thiện Trần Thanh , Thế Phạm Gia
Published: July 2024

Mục tiêu: Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm mô tả đặc điểm mô hình bệnh tật của Bệnh viện Lê Văn Thịnh (BVLVT) giai đoạn 2018-2023.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang, thực hiện thông qua hồi cứu dữ liệu liên quan đến người bệnh có BHYT điều trị tại BVLVT trong giai đoạn 2018-2023. Đặc điểm mô hình bệnh tật sẽ được mô tả theo phân loại ICD-10, theo đối tượng điều trị (nội trú và ngoại trú), độ tuổi, giới tính.
Kết quả: Trong giai đoạn 2018-2023, có 2.716.943 lượt người bệnh có BHYT được điều trị tại BVLVT, trong đó, số lượt điều trị cho trẻ em chiếm 10,1%; cho nữ chiếm 58,6%. Số lượt điều trị ngoại trú trong mỗi năm đều chiếm tỷ lệ cao hơn 95%; tổng lượt điều trị nội trú cũng như ngoại trú của năm 2021 thấp nhất trong cả giai đoạn, và có xu hướng tăng trong năm 2022-2023. Ba nhóm bệnh có lượt khám chữa bệnh chiếm tỷ lệ cao nhất là bệnh tim mạch (27,5%); bệnh hô hấp (12,5%); bệnh nội tiết, dinh dưỡng, chuyển hóa (11,9%). Trong giai đoạn 2018-2023: 52,2% tổng lượt điều trị tập trung vào 10 bệnh chính, trong đó, bệnh tăng huyết áp vô căn nguyên phát chiếm 24,8%; và bệnh đái tháo đường típ 2 chiếm 9,3%. Ba bệnh có lượt điều trị cao nhất ở trẻ em là bệnh viêm mũi họng cấp, viêm họng cấp, và viêm amidan cấp. Các nhóm bệnh có lượt điều trị cao trong cả ngoại trú và nội trú (bệnh hô hấp, bệnh tim mạch, bệnh tiêu hóa) đều có lượt điều trị năm 2021 thấp nhất cả giai đoạn, giảm dần trong giai đoạn 2018-2021 và tăng trở lại trong năm 2022-2023, với năm 2023 có giá trị tổng lượt điều trị cao nhất cả giai đoạn.
Kết luận: Nghiên cứu đã cung cấp thông tin tổng quát về các bệnh lý phổ biến, xu hướng thay đổi của bệnh tật trong phạm vi toàn viện, điều trị nội trú, ngoại trú, ở các lứa tuổi trẻ em, người trưởng thành, người cao tuổi. Đây là cơ sở khoa học để Bệnh viện điều chỉnh cơ cấu danh mục thuốc, hoạch định các chiến lược chăm sóc sức khỏe hiệu quả hơn, phân bổ nguồn lực một cách hợp lý và nâng cao chất lượng dịch vụ y tế cho người dân trong khu vực.
6. PHÂN TÍCH TÁC ĐỘNG NGÂN SÁCH CỦA CÁC BỆNH LÝ TIM MẠCH: NGHIÊN CỨU TẠI BỆNH VIỆN LÊ VĂN THỊNH
Authors: Vũ Hoàng Thy Nhạc , Anh Mai Ngọc Quỳnh , Tuấn Lê Hồng
Published: July 2024

Mục tiêu: Phân tích tác động ngân sách trong điều trị các bệnh lý tim mạch tại Bệnh viện Lê Văn Thịnh (BVLVT) giai đoạn 2018-2023.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang, được thực hiện thông qua việc hồi cứu dữ liệu liên quan đến các lượt điều trị bệnh lý tim mạch của người bệnh tại BVLVT trong giai đoạn 2018-2023. Tác động ngân sách được phân tích thông qua tổng CPTTYT chi trả cho người bệnh có BHYT trong từng năm, theo từng nhóm bệnh, theo điều trị nội trú/ ngoại trú, theo thành phần chi phí. Số liệu được xử lý, tổng hợp bằng Excel và phân tích bằng phần mềm R.
Kết quả: Trong giai đoạn 2018-2023, tổng chi phí được BHYT thanh toán trong điều trị bệnh lý lý tim mạch tại BVLVT chiếm 85,0% tổng chi phí đã sử dụng cho 746.159 lượt điều trị. Có 85,2% chi phí tập trung điều trị cho 735.194 lượt ngoại trú; 14,8% chi phí điều trị cho 10.956 lượt nội trú. Trong toàn viện, 81,2% chi phí tập trung vào điều trị bệnh lý tăng huyết áp; trong đó, phần lớn là điều trị ngoại trú. Trong điều trị nội trú, gần 50% chi phí điều trị chia đều cho bệnh mạch máu não (25,1%) và bệnh tăng huyết áp (21,9%). Chi phí trung bình cho lượt điều trị ngoại trú bệnh tim mạch tăng dần theo thời gian (từ 399.900/ lượt năm 2018 tháng 572.000/ lượt năm 2023). Thuốc chiếm 74,9 % tổng chi phí điều trị cho người bệnh toàn viện. Chi phí xét nghiệm và chi phí chẩn đoán hình ảnh chia theo tỷ lệ 2/3 cho điều trị ngoại trú và 1/3 cho điều trị nội trú.
Kết luận: Thông tin cung cấp từ nghiên cứu này sẽ giúp lãnh đạo bệnh viện có những đánh giá toàn diện về việc sử dụng nguồn tài chính của bệnh viện trong điều trị bệnh lý tim mạch, từ đó có những can thiệp cần thiết để hướng tới tối ưu hóa chi phí điều trị.
PENGARUH AKUPRESUR TITIK SP6 DAN TEKNIK RELAKSASI NAFAS DALAM TERHADAP PENGURANGAN NYERI PERSALINAN PADA INPARTU KALA 1 FASE AKTIF
Authors: Fiorennita Amita  , Puji Astuti Retno , Putri Rizkiana
Published: July 2024

Proses melahirkan memang selalu dibarengi dengan rasa sakit yang dialami seseorang. Wanita yang melahirkan secara normal mengalami nyeri terus-menerus selama proses bersalin, apalagi pada saat memasuki fase aktif kala 1 pada persalinan normal. Teknik non farmakologi yang dapat mengurangi rasa sakit pada persalinan antara lain akupresur titik SP6 dan teknik relaksasi nafas dalam. Dari studi kasus ini untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh akupresur titik SP6 dan teknik relaksasi nafas dalam terhadap pengurangan nyeri persalinan pada inpartu kala 1 fase aktif. Studi kasus ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan studi kasus, dimana penelitian ini memusatkan diri secara intensif pada satu obyek tertentu yang mempelajarinya sebagai suatu kasus. Berdasarkan hasil dari studi kasus, didapatkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pengurangan nyeri persalinan pada inpartu kala 1 fase aktif yang diberikan intervensi akupresur titik SP6 dan teknik relaksasi nafas dalam. Dari hasil studi kasus dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa akupresur titik SP6 dan teknik relaksasi nafas dalam berpengaruh terhadap pengurangan nyeri persalinan pada inpartu kala 1 fase aktif. Tetapi yang sangat signifikan dalam pengurangan nyeri persalinan pada inpartu kala 1 fase aktif yaitu akupresur titik SP6. Diharapkan hasil studi kasus ini dapat diterapkan sebagai terapi non farmakologi dalam pengurangan nyeri persalinan pada inpartu kala 1 fase aktif pada ibu bersalin, menjadi referensi tambahan untuk pengkaji selanjutnya dalam untuk melakukan asuhan kebidanan pada ibu bersalin terkait dengan intervensi akupresur titik SP6 dan teknik relaksasi nafas dalam, bisa menjadi bahan pertimbangan untuk dapat diterapkan di ruang bersalin sebagai terapi komplementer asuhan kebidanan pada ibu bersalin
LITERATUR REVIEW: EFEKTIVITAS MEDIA EDUKASI TERHADAP PENCEGAHAN ANEMIA PADA REMAJA PUTRI
Authors: Dewi Novita Puspita , Rusliani Dian Monalisa , Navelia Zesika Intan , Purnamasari Indah
Published: July 2024

Anemia merupakan kondisi medis dimana penurunan kadar hemogbolin dibawah normal. Anemia pada remaja dapat menurunkan imunitas, konsentrasi belajar dan kebugaran remaja serta beresiko melahirkan bayi stunting. Upaya pencegahan anemia dengan cara meningkatkan pengetahuan melalui edukasi. Media edukasi remaja harus menarik, interaktif dan berbasis digital sesuai dengan pemanfaatan teknologi digitalisasi. Metode penelitian adalah literature review dengan menggunakan databased dari Google Scholar. Pemilihan artiket dibatasi dari tahun 2019-2024 dengan desain quasi-experiment dengan kelompok pembanding dan free access. Terdapat 6 artikel yang sesuai dan dianalisis. Hasil Analisa artikel didapatkan ada beberapa media edukasi yang digunakan yaitu video, booklet, poster, e-pocket book dan peer-group. Pada masing-masing kelompok media edukasi terdapat peningkatan rata-rata pengetahuan. Media edukasi yang mudah diakses, mudah disimpan dan dibawa serta menarik lebih mudah dipahami terlebih lagi dapat melibatkan dua pengindraan atau lebih. Dari semua media edukasi dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan remaja, tetapi media edukasi audio visual dan media berbasis android lebih signifikan meningkatkan pengetahuan pada remaja, sedangkan untuk kelompok peer-group efektif meningkatkan pengetahuan apabila dilaksanakan secara bertahap dan berkelanjutan
Questions for proponents of Bekesy’s theory
Authors: Myjkowski Jan
Published: July 2024

The theory of hearing called Bekesy’s traveling wave theory, announced in 1928 by a young engineer from Budapest, Georg Bekesy (1899-1972), was revised and supplemented many times. In 1961 it was awarded the Nobel Prize. It still contains several ambiguities that require analysis. The most important points requiring clarification include: 1. Sound wave resonance in the cochlear fluids with the transverse wave of the basilar membrane. 2. Own vibrations of the basilar membrane. 3. Frequency resolution associated with the basilar membrane. 4. Transmission of information through the cochlear fluid. 5. Tip-link mechanism. 6. Amplification of quiet sounds by OHC contraction 7. The pathway of auditory information conducted to the receptor.
Evaluation of multi-source satellite rainfall products in tekeze basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Ashenafi Kidie Masresha ,   College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Department of Natural Resource Management, University of Gondar., Teklay Achenafi ,   College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Department of Natural Resource Management, University of Gondar.
Published: July 2024

Accurate and reliable rainfall information is crucial for regional water resource management, particularly in developing countries like Ethiopia. Unfortunately, Ethiopia faces challenges with sparse and inconsistent rainfall measurements, as well as a lack of updated data. As a result, the spatio-temporal characteristics of rainfall are poorly understood. In recent years, satellite-derived rainfall products have emerged as an alternative source of rainfall data to overcome these limitations. This study focuses on validating the performance of three satellite rainfall products, namely PERSIANN_CDR, CHIRPS, and TMPA3B42, over the Tekeze basin in Ethiopia. The evaluation involves assessing the prediction accuracy of these products using various statistical measures and spatial comparisons. The study period extends from 2007 to 2017. The results demonstrate that PERSIANN_CDR exhibits a very low percent bias (PBIAS), while CHIRPS and TMPA3B42 significantly overestimate observed rainfall. Moreover, PERSIANN_CDR performs well in capturing rainfall during the kiremt, belg, and bega seasons, with the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) values of 2.9, 1.4, and 0.8 mm/day, respectively. On the other hand, TMPA3B42 performs poorly during these seasons, showing the largest RMSE values of 3.1, 1.9, and 1.1 mm/day, respectively. In terms of detecting observed rainfall, both PERSIANN_CDR and TMPA3B42 exhibit good skills, while CHIRPS has the lowest detection skill across all seasons. Overall, the findings of this validation study highlight the potential of the PERSIANN_CDR product for various operational applications in the Tekeze basin. It can be utilized for studying rainfall patterns and variability in the East African region.
Upaya Guru Dalam Pembentukan Karakter Siswa melalui Metode Pembiasaan di SDIT Harapan Bunda Purwokerto
Authors: Prayoga Galih
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji upaya yang dilaksanakan oleh guru dalam pembentukan karakter siswa melalui metode pembiasaan di SDIT Harapan Bunda Purwokerto. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode penelitian lapangan dengan analisis data menggunakan kualitatif deskriptif. Data diperoleh melalui observasi langsung, wawancara dan studi dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembentukan karakter siswa di SDIT Harapan Bunda Purwokerta dengan metode pembiasaan sudah berjalan dengan baik. Pelaksanaan pembentukan karakter sudah memiliki kurikulum yang jelas serta dilaksanakan secara konsisten oleh semua pihak yang terlibat. Metode ini berjalan dengan baik dan mampu membetuk karakter siswa secara bertahap melalui kegiatan yang dilaksanakan setiap hari, minggu, dan bulanan.
Madde Bağımlısı Gençlerin Tedavi Deneyimlerinin İncelenmesi: Hz. Kaab Camii Örneği
Authors: Daşgın Ayşegül , Baş Tuğba , Özbayrak Gamze , Yaman Ömer Miraç
Published: July 2024

Bu araştırmada Hz. Kaab Camii bünyesinde madde bağımlılığı tedavi süreci yürütülen ve bir süredir ayıklık döneminde olan bağımlı gençlerin camideki tedavi deneyimlerinin ne olduğunun, camide nasıl bir işleyişin benimsendiğinin, tedavi motivasyonlarının ve camideki diğer hizmetlerin neler olduğunun anlaşılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemi ve fenomenolojik desen türü tercih edilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında 16 bağımlı genç ve 2 cami çalışanı olmak üzere toplam 18 kişi ile derinlemesine mülakat gerçekleştirilmiş ve gözlem yapılmıştır. Yapılan mülakatlar ses kaydına alınmış, elde edilen veriler yazıya aktarılmış ve Maxqda Nitel Veri Analiz Programında betimsel analiz yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda bağımlı katılımcıların gönüllü olarak camideki tedavi sürecine dâhil oldukları, camiye gelen bağımlı gençlerin ilk olarak tıbbi tedavi sürecine yönelik kurumlara yönlendirildikleri, ilaç takiplerinin yapıldığı, ardından tedavinin ikinci aşamasında doktorlara, psikologlara ve Yeşilay Danışmanlık Merkezi (YEDAM) çalışanları ile YEDAM çalışanlarına yönlendirilerek sürecin ilerletildiği belirlenmiştir. Öte yandan bağımlı gençlerin aile ilişkilerinin iyileştirilmesi için görüşmelerin yapıldığı görülmüştür. Cami çalışanları ile bağımlı gençler arasında samimi ve güçlü ilişkilerin kurulduğu, bu ilişki türünün tedavi sürecini olumlu anlamda etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Katılımcıların dini ve manevi motivasyon unsurlarının aktive edildiği, ibadetler ile madde kullanmalarının önlendiği anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca camide sunulan barınma, duş, gıda, iş bulma, hastane sürecine destek olma, spor gibi diğer gönüllü hizmetlerin bağımlı bireylerin tedavi sonrası süreçleri için önemli destek unsurları olduğu görülmüştür. Son olarak Hz. Kaab Camii’nde uygulanan tedavi yöntemlerinin mülakat yapılan bağımlı katılımcılar ve daha fazla bağımlı genç için başarılı seyrettiği, bağımlı gençlerin maddeden uzaklaşmalarının sağlandığı ve yeni hayat düzeni kurma konusunda başarılı oldukları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Kültürel Kaynaşmaya Dayalı Hizmet Ederek Öğrenme Uygulaması Olarak Damla Projesi’nin Gençler Üzerindeki Etkisi: Bir Nitel Yöntem Araştırması
Authors: Ekici Hatice , Yücel Emine , Boyacı Beyza
Published: July 2024

Farklı sosyokültürel gruplardan gençlerin hizmet ederek öğrenme uygulamalarına katılımı yetersizdir ve bu durum farklı sosyokültürel kesimlerden bireylerle yürütülen topluma hizmet uygulamalarında mevcut gönüllülerin desteğini gerektirmektedir. Bu bağlamda gönüllülerin kültürel duyarlılık ve becerilerini artırmaya yönelik olarak “kültürel kaynaşmaya dayalı hizmet ederek öğrenme” yaklaşımı önerilmektedir. Bir tür kültürel kaynaşmaya dayalı hizmet ederek öğrenme uygulaması olan Damla Projesi kapsamında gençler yaklaşık 40 kişilik bir grup hâlinde Türkiye’nin farklı bir şehrine seyahat etmekte ve on gün boyunca konakladıkları bu şehirde toplumun refahının artırılmasına yönelik etkinlikler gerçekleştirmektedir. Mevcut araştırmada katılımcı gençlerin hizmet ederek öğrenme deneyimlerinin ve bu deneyimlerin onlar üzerindeki etkilerinin nitel yöntemle incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda 15 katılımcı ile çevrim içi ortamda yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiş ve veriler tematik analiz yöntemlerinden biri olan şablon analizi yaklaşımı ile analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçta “Damla algısı”, “gençler üzerindeki psikososyal etkiler” ve “sivil-ahlaki kazanımlar” olmak üzere üç ana temaya ulaşılmıştır. Analiz sonuçları Damla’nın katılımcıların psikososyal, kişisel ve sivil gelişimine olumlu katkılar sunduğuna işaret etmektedir. Damla’nın etkililiği projenin güçlü ve zayıf yönleri ekseninde tartışılmıştır.
Spora Yönelik Tutum, Sağlıklı Beslenme ve Mentâl İyi Oluş Arasındaki İlişki: Üniversite Öğrencileri Perspektifi
Authors: Gürbüz Bülent , Doğan Mehmet
Published: July 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinin spora yönelik tutum, sağlıklı beslenmeye ilişkin tutum ve mental iyi oluş düzeylerindeki farklılıkları belirlemek ve bu parametreler arasındaki ilişkiyi tespit etmektir. Çalışmanın örneklem grubunu 208 kadın ve 128 erkek olmak üzere toplam 336 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Katılımcılar “Spora Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği”, “Sağlıklı Beslenmeye İlişkin Tutum Ölçeği” ve “Warwick-Edinburgh Mental İyi Oluş Ölçeği”ni cevaplamışlardır. Verilerin analizi için betimsel istatistikler, bağımsız örneknemler için t-testi, MANOVA, korelasyon ve regresyon testleri kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçları, üniversite öğrencilerinin spora yönelik tutum, sağlıklı beslenmeye ilişkin tutum ve mental iyi oluş ölçek ortalama puanlarının spor yapma durumu ve sigara-alkol tüketme durumu değişkenlerine göre spora istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar olduğunu göstermiştir. Anlamlı farklılığın tespit edildiği alt boyutların tamamında spor yapan ve sigara-alkol tüketmeyen üniversite öğrencilerinin ölçeklere ilişkin ortalama puanları diğerlerine göre yüksektir. Korelasyon analizi sonucunda, spora yönelik tutum, sağlıklı beslenmeye ilişkin tutum ve mental iyi oluş ortalama puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak düşük ve orta düzeyde pozitif yönlü anlamlı ilişkiler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Regresyon analizi sonuçları, spora yönelik tutumun sağlıklı beslenmeye ilişkin tutumun anlamlı bir yordayıcısı olduğunu göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte, spora yönelik tutum ile sağlıklı beslenmeye ilişkin tutumun mental iyi oluşun anlamlı bir yordayıcısı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, spor yapan ve sigara-alkol tüketmeyen üniversite öğrencilerinin spora ve sağlıklı beslenmeye ilişkin olumlu tutumlar sergilediği belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, mental iyi oluş üzerinde spora ve sağlıklı beslenmeye ilişkin tutumların belirleyici rol üstlendiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Aspectos sociales de la internacionalización de la investigación. Una propuesta de abordaje
Authors: Oregioni María Soledad
Published: July 2024

El artículo tiene el objetivo de identifican los aspectos sociales de la internacionalización de la investigación en diferentes áreas de producción de conocimiento, a partir de indagar en las actividades de vinculación internacional de las unidades de investigación de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata. En primera instancia se destacan las debilidades de la metodología de trabajo cuantitativa y se opta por un abordaje cualitativo de la vinculación internacional/regional. Posteriormente, se profundiza en el estudio cualitativo sobre las distintas modalidades de vinculación internacional, y a partir de la observación empírica se proponen nuevas categorías de análisis para describir los tipos de vínculos internacionales identificados que contribuyen y orientan la internacionalización de la investigación. En este sentido se enfatiza en la complejidad de la dinámica de vinculación de las unidades de investigación comoobjeto de estudio, respecto al origen y los medios de vinculación internacional/regional.
El rol del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) en la reconfiguración de las instituciones y políticas de fomento a la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación de la Argentina (1993-1999)
Authors: Aguiar Diego , Aristimuño Francisco , Magrini Nicolás
Published: July 2024

El artículo analiza la interacción entre las actividades de diseño de políticas e instituciones de fomento a la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación (CTI), y la cooperación entre Argentina y el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) durante la década del 90. La Argentina ha sido el país de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) que más apoyo recibió en ese sector, y es el principal tomador de créditos para CTI del BID. En la primera parte se hace un breve repaso de las transformaciones acontecidas en materia de políticas de CTI en ALC. En la segunda parte se describe cómo se organiza el Grupo BID y qué lugar ocupa el fomento a la CTI en su entramado institucional. En la tercera parte, en base a entrevistas y documentos, se analiza el proceso de construcción (entre funcionarios expertos de Argentina y del BID) del Programa de Modernización Tecnológica I, el cual tuvo un enorme impacto en el entramado institucional de CTI del país. Por último, se plantean conclusiones sobre el rol que el BID ha tenido en el desarrollo institucional del campo de las políticas de CTI en la Argentina, en especial en la Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica.
An Unravelled Potential of Foliar Application of Micro and Beneficial Nutrients in Cereals for Ensuring Food and Nutritional Security
Authors: Ray Sumit , Maitra Sagar , Sairam Masina , Sravya Mutha , Priyadarshini Ankita , Shubhadarshi Swagat , Padhi Durga Prasad
Published: July 2024

Micronutrient deficiency in soil and crops is a critical issue that contributes to what is known as hidden hunger. Hidden hunger refers to the lack of essential vitamins and minerals in people diets, often due to the poor nutrient content of staple crops, which can lead to significant health problems despite adequate caloric intake. Micronutrients are required in small amounts but are crucial for various physiological functions in plants, including cereals for enzyme activation, photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and synthesis of vital compounds. Corrective measures to address micronutrient deficiencies include soil application, seed treatment, foliar sprays, and genetic biofortification. Foliar sprays are particularly effective as they allow for the direct application of nutrients to plant leaves, ensuring quick absorption and utilization. This method can rapidly correct deficiencies, improve crop yields, and enhance the nutritional quality of the produce. Previous research has shown the efficacy of foliar sprays in addressing micronutrient deficiencies. Additionally, advancements in nanotechnology have led to the development of more efficient foliar spray formulations that enhance nutrient uptake and minimize environmental impact. Overall, addressing micronutrient deficiencies through foliar sprays and other agronomic practices is vital for improving crop health, yield, and nutritional quality, thereby contributing to food security and the alleviation of hidden hunger. However, specific dose of each micro- and beneficial nutrients are highly related to crops and cropping systems, season, agroclimatic conditions, materials used, and crop growth stage. The review article focuses on all issues and concerns with possible options for correcting micronutrient deficiency in cereals to ensure food and nutritional security and agricultural sustainability.
Monopolisation via Technology Adoption in Institutions of Higher Education – Evidence from India
Authors: Gupta Pankaj Kumar , Akhtar Shahid , Mittal Prabhat
Published: July 2024

Disruptions led by technology have forced the Institutions to think of new approaches and strategies to ensure their existence and dominance in the global marketplace. Institutions that can fund and leverage technology are in a relatively dominant position vis-à-vis other institutions like enrolments, research funding and forms of competitive positioning. The issue of whether the monopoly of an institution in the marketplace is influenced by technology has not been attempted by researchers. In our paper, we examine the perceived monopolization along with the intervention of technology using an SEM Model considering the selected parameters of accreditation, rating and innovation through a structured survey of 419 respondents from IHEIs. Results indicate that technology is a significant mediator of the monopolization of institutions. The role of the Government and other agencies becomes extremely important to ensure a healthy and balanced competition between the institutions of higher education and also help them to position globally.