bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of lipid metabolism in cognitive impairment
Authors: Xu Meifang , Wang Liyuan , Meng Yun , Kang Guiqiong , Jiang Qing , Yan Tao , Che Fengyuan
Published: January 2025

Alzheimer's disease (AD), diabetic cognitive impairment (DCI), and vascular dementia (VD) are considered the most common causes of severe cognitive impairment in clinical practice. Numerous factors can influence their progression, and many studies have recently revealed that metabolic disorders play crucial roles in the progression of cognitive impairment. Mounting evidence indicate that the regulation of lipid metabolism is a major factor in maintaining brain homeostasis. Generally, abnormalities in lipid metabolism can affect amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, and insulin resistance through lipid metabolic signaling cascades; affect the neuronal membrane structure, neurotransmitter synthesis and release; and promote synapse growth, which can impact neural signal transmission and exacerbate disease progression in individuals with cognitive impairment, including AD, DCI, and VD. Moreover, apolipoprotein E (APOE), a key protein in lipid transport, is involved in the occurrence and development of the aforementioned diseases by regulating lipid metabolism. The present article mainly discusses how lipid metabolic disorders in the brain microenvironment are involved in regulating the progression of cognitive impairment, and it explores the regulatory effects of targeting the key lipid transport protein APOE in the context of the role of lipid metabolism in the common pathogenesis of three diseases—Aβ deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, and insulin resistance—which will help elucidate the potential of targeting lipid metabolism for the treatment of cognitive impairment.
Real-world tafamidis experience in hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with peripheral neuropathy in Brazil
Authors: Pinto Luiz Felipe , Pinto Marcus V. , Accioli Paula , Amorim Gabriela , Rosa Renata Gervais de Santa , Dias Moises , Guedes Mariana , Gomez Carlos P. , Pedrosa Roberto C. , Waddington-Cruz Marcia
Published: January 2025

Background Tafamidis is a kinetic stabilizer that binds to the transthyretin (TTR) gene, inhibiting its dissociation. It is the only disease-modifying treatment for hereditary TTR amyloidosis with peripheral neuropathy (ATTRv-PN) available in the National Therapeutic Form (Formulário Terapêutico Nacional, FTN, in Portuguese) of the Brazilian Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde, SUS, in Portuguese).

Objective To assess if the efficacy and safety of tafamidis in the Brazilian real-world experience are comparable to the results of clinical trials.

Methods We retrospectively studied all patients with ATTRv-PN evaluated at our center from September 2011 to March 2022 (data cut-off) who were initiated on tafamidis and had at least 1 follow up visit 6 months after the initiation of the drug treatment. Neurologic and functional outcomes were compared from day 1 (D1) of the tafamidis treatment (baseline) to the last follow-up.

Results In total, 33 patients were included, 18 (55%) of whom were female. All patients were carriers of the V30M mutation of ATTRv-PN, and 20 (61%) presented early onset (EO) ATTRv-PN. At baseline, the median age of the sample was of 40 (interquartile range [IQR]: 36–68) years, the median Neuropathy Impairment Score (NIS) was of 10 (6–24) points, and the median body mass index (BMI) was of 26 (23–28) kg/m2. The mean follow-up time was of 3.4 years. At the last follow-up, the BMI, the neurological impairment, and the level of disability slightly worsened compared with baseline, while the findings of the nerve conduction studies remained stable. These same results were observed across EO and late-onset (LO) ATTRv-PN patients. A total of 25 (75.8%) patients were considered responders, and 8 (24.2%), non-responders.

Conclusion The efficacy and safety of tafamidis reported in clinical trials is expandable to the Brazilian real-world scenario in EO and late-onset (LO) ATTRv-PN.
The 10-Year Outcomes of Single- versus Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ge Yang , Fan Ning , Si Fangda , Zang Lei
Published: January 2025

Single-bundle (SB) and double-bundle (DB) anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) have been compared for years, and long-term outcomes of the two techniques remain inconclusive. We compared the 10-year outcomes of SB and DB reconstruction, in terms of subjective scores, knee stability, graft failure, and osteoarthritis (OA). We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for relevant studies, without restrictions on study design, language, or publication date. The risk of bias and methodological quality were assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tools (RoB 2 and ROBINS-I) and the Modified Coleman Methodology Score (MCMS), respectively. Reconstructions scoring at least 8 on the Anatomic ACLR Scoring Checklist (AARSC) were considered anatomic. The results were narratively summarized and graphically represented using tables and forest plots. Our search included six studies (two randomized control trials [RCTs] and four cohort studies [CSs]), comprising 222 SB and 214 DB reconstruction patients, with an average follow-up of 11.4 years. Of these, four studies achieved a methodological rating of “good” or above. Bias risk was evaluated as “some concerns” in the RCTs and “serious” in the CSs. Six, four, four, and two studies reported on subjective scores, knee stability, graft failure, and OA, respectively. Except for one study that reported a higher Lysholm score (p = 0.007) in the DB group, no group differences in subjective scores were identified. According to one study, the DB group performed better on the Lachman test (p = 0.02) and the KT-2000 arthrometer (p = 0.024 and 0.034 for pulling and back pushing, respectively). Three studies revealed higher negative rates of the pivot shift test in the DB group. The incidence of graft failure and OA were not statistically significant between the SB and DB groups. The existing evidence does not conclusively determine whether DB reconstruction provides long-term advantages over SB reconstruction. Future research with larger sample sizes and higher levels of evidence is warranted.
Gender diversity and disclosure: a meta-analysis
Authors: AlJanadi Yaseen
Published: January 2025

The significance of Gender diversity in enhancing quality of reporting has been a focal point of the theoretical and empirical research in recent decades. However, discrepancies persist between empirical findings and theoretical perspectives regarding the role of female representation in improving disclosure quality. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between female representation and disclosure. This study employs a series of meta-analyses techniques on 189 empirical studies spanning over 39 countries to investigate the relationship between female representation and disclosure. It further examines how gender parity, shareholder protection, types of disclosure, and publication quality moderate this relationship. The meta-analysis results indicate that female representation is significantly positively associated with disclosure. This positive association is more pronounced in countries with high gender parity and low shareholder protection, underscoring the crucial monitoring role female representation can play in safeguarding shareholders’ interests, particularly when women have greater influence in boardroom decision-making (i.e., gender parity). Additionally, the findings reveal that female representation is more significantly associated with social and environmental disclosure than with financial and governance disclosure. The study provides valuable insights for regulators, directors, and shareholders by advocating for the empowering of female representation and increasing the representation of women in senior positions within firms.
Peak frequencies and relative peak heights of power spectra of stationary irreversible Markov processes
Authors: Wang Tianyu , Yang Jie
Published: January 2025

In this paper, the power spectra of observables for continuous-time systems driven by irreversible L2-exponential ergodic stationary Markov processes are investigated. We first prove that, for a finite-states process, the peak frequencies and the relative peak heights of its power spectra always have respectively uniform bounds. For a general process with normal generator, we also establish uniform upper bounds (possibly infinite) in terms of its spectral set for its peak frequencies and the relative peak heights, which are precise if the spectrum is a point spectrum.
Generalized hypergeometric coherent states for special functions: Mathematical and physical properties
Authors: Akouetegan Messan M. , Aremua Isiaka , Sodoga Komi , Hounkonnou Mahouton N. , Mensah Yaogan
Published: January 2025

We investigate a class of generalized coherent states for associated Jacobi polynomials and hypergeometric functions, satisfying the resolution of the identity with respect to a weight function expressed in terms of Meijer’s G-function. We extend the state Hilbert space of the constructed states and discuss the property of the reproducing kernel and its analytical expansion. Further, we provide the expectation values of observables relevant to this quantum model. We also perform the quantization of the complex plane, compute and analyze the probability density and the temporal stability in these states. Using the completeness relation provided by the coherent states, we achieve the thermodynamic analysis in the diagonal P-representation of the density operator.
Enhanced dissipation and stability of Poiseuille flow for two-dimensional Boussinesq system
Authors: Wang Gaofeng
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we investigate the nonlinear stability problem for the two-dimensional Boussinesq system around the Poiseuille flow in a finite channel. The system has the characteristic of Navier-slip boundary condition for the velocity and Dirichlet boundary condition for the temperature, with a small viscosity ν and small thermal diffusion μ, respectively. When the initial perturbation from the Poiseuille flow (1 − y2, 0) is no more than the viscosity to a suitable power, we prove that the solution of the 2D Boussinesq system on T×R remains close to the Poiseuille flow at the same order.
Multiconfigurational short-range on-top pair-density functional theory
Authors: Jørgensen Frederik Kamper , Kjellgren Erik Rosendahl , Jensen Hans Jørgen Aagaard , Hedegård Erik Donovan
Published: January 2025

We present the theory and implementation of a fully variational wave function–density functional theory (DFT) hybrid model, which is applicable to many cases of strong correlation. We denote this model as the multiconfigurational self-consistent on-top pair-density functional theory (MC-srPDFT) model. We have previously shown how the multiconfigurational short-range DFT (MC-srDFT) hybrid model can describe many multiconfigurational cases of any spin symmetry and also state-specific calculations on excited states [Hedegård et al., J. Chem. Phys. 148(21), 214103 (2018)]. However, the srDFT part of the MC-srDFT has some deficiencies that it shares with Kohn–Sham DFT; in particular, (1) self-interaction errors (albeit reduced because of the range separation), (2) that different MS states incorrectly become non-degenerate, and (3) that singlet and non-singlet states dissociating to the same open-shell fragments incorrectly lead to different electronic energies at dissociation. The model that we present in this paper corrects these deficiencies by introducing the on-top pair density as an auxiliary variable replacing the spin density. Unlike other models in the literature, our model is fully variational and employs a long-range version of the on-top pair density. The implementation is a second-order optimization algorithm ensuring robust convergence to both ground and excited states. We show how MC-srPDFT solves the mentioned challenges by sample calculations on the ground state singlet curve of H2, N2, and Cr2 and the lowest triplet curves for N2 and Cr2. Furthermore, the rotational barrier for ethene is investigated for the S0 and T1 states. The calculations show correct degeneracy between the singlet and triplet curves at dissociation and the results are invariant to the choice of the MS value for the triplet curves.
Superconductivity of Sc(BN)3 under pressure
Authors: Tunghathaithip Naraphorn , Tsuppayakorn-aek Prutthipong , Sukmas Wiwittawin , Luo Wei , Bovornratanaraks Thiti
Published: January 2025

Advanced structural predictions, driven by first-principles calculations, facilitate the realization of a superconducting state under reduced pressure conditions while maintaining structural integrity. Scandium hexahydride (ScH6) exhibits structural stabilities under high pressure, adopting hexagonal and body-centered cubic structures that lead to high-temperature superconductivity. In this study, we theoretically provide a crucial reference for boron–nitrogen–substituted hydrogen above 100 GPa. Subsequently, Sc(BN)3 demonstrates significant structural stability, observed up to 200 GPa. Utilizing the stochastic self-consistent harmonic approximation sheds light on the influence of thermally excited lattice vibrations on the crystal structure of Sc(BN)3, emphasizing the impact of quantum ionic effects. These findings underscore the distinctive anharmonic behavior of Sc(BN)3, indicating its potential to facilitate boron–nitrogen–substituted hydrogen, which could find widespread applications in SC, achieving a critical temperature of 32.8 K under 150 GPa.
Studying power-grid synchronization with incremental refinement of model heterogeneity
Authors: Hartmann B. , Ódor G. , Benedek K. , Papp I.
Published: January 2025

The dynamics of electric power systems are widely studied through the phase synchronization of oscillators, typically with the use of the Kuramoto equation. While there are numerous well-known order parameters to characterize these dynamics, shortcoming of these metrics are also recognized. To capture all transitions from phase disordered states over phase locking to fully synchronized systems, new metrics were proposed and demonstrated on homogeneous models. In this paper, we aim to address a gap in the literature, namely, to examine how the gradual improvement of power grid models affects the goodness of certain metrics. To study how the details of models are perceived by the different metrics, 12 variations of a power grid model were created, introducing varying levels of heterogeneity through the coupling strength, the nodal powers, and the moment of inertia. The grid models were compared using a second-order Kuramoto equation and adaptive Runge–Kutta solver, measuring the values of the phase, the frequency, and the universal order parameters. Finally, frequency results of the models were compared to grid measurements. We found that the universal order parameter was able to capture more details of the grid models, especially in cases of decreasing moment of inertia. Even the most heterogeneous models showed notable synchronization, encouraging the use of such models. Finally, we show local frequency results related to the multi-peaks of static models, which implies that spatial heterogeneity can also induce such multi-peak behavior.
The spallation characteristics of polycrystalline aluminum with helium bubbles under a wide range of shock stresses
Authors: Zhou Tingting , Zhang Weiyi , Zhao Fuqi , He Anmin , Wang Pei
Published: January 2025

The spallation behavior of polycrystalline Al with helium (He) bubbles (poly Al–He) under unsupported shock loadings at a wide range of impact velocities was investigated via molecular dynamics simulations. We found that the microstructural features during shock compression and release processes for the poly Al–He are highly analogous to those observed in polycrystalline Al (poly Al), indicating that the bubbles studied here do not have a significant influence on the mechanical deformation before tension. During the tension process, the expansion-merging of He bubbles dominates damage accumulation and leads to the ultimate fracture of the metal, the same as that in a single crystal with He bubbles. The presence of grain boundaries (GBs) does not exhibit an apparent effect on the evolution of He bubbles, resulting in comparable expansion rates for the bubbles in different locations (i.e., near GBs or at grain interiors). Additionally, the nucleation of voids occurs subsequent to bubble expansion due to the much higher critical stress. Voids are preferentially nucleated on GBs when the material is solid and at liquid parts when the material is partially molten, demonstrating that GBs and melting can strongly facilitate void nucleation. However, He bubbles significantly impede void nucleation and growth, resulting in a much smaller quantity and volume of voids formed in the poly Al–He, compared to the poly Al. Furthermore, the critical stress for void nucleation and the spall strength of the metal matrix are reduced by He bubbles.
Kohn–Sham inversion for open-shell systems
Authors: Erhard Jannis , Trushin Egor , Görling Andreas
Published: January 2025

Methods based on density-functional theory usually treat open-shell atoms and molecules within the spin-unrestricted Kohn–Sham (KS) formalism, which breaks symmetries in real and spin space. Symmetry breaking is possible because the KS Hamiltonian operator does not need to exhibit the full symmetry of the physical Hamiltonian operator, but only the symmetry of the spin density, which is generally lower. Symmetry breaking leads to spin contamination and prevents a proper classification of the KS wave function with respect to the symmetries of the physical electron system. Formally well-justified variants of the KS formalism that restore symmetries in real space, in spin space, or in both have been introduced long ago, but have rarely been used in practice. Here, we introduce numerically stable KS inversion methods to construct reference KS potentials from reference spin-densities for all four possibilities to treat open shell systems, non-symmetrized, spin-symmetrized, space-symmetrized, and fully-symmetrized. The reference spin-densities are obtained by full configuration interaction and high-level coupled cluster methods for the considered atoms and diatomic molecules. The decomposition of the total energy in contributions such as the non-interacting kinetic, the exchange, and the correlation energy is different in the four KS formalisms. Reference values for these differences are provided for the considered atoms and molecules. All KS inversions, except the fully symmetrized one, lead in some cases to solutions violating the Aufbau principle. In the purely spin-symmetrized KS formalism, this represents a violation of the KS v-representability condition, i.e., no proper KS wave functions exist in those cases.
Ablation pressure evolution and applicability of exponential laws in laser ramp compression
Authors: Tao Peidong , Zhang Hongping , Huang Lili , Chen Shi , Shu Hua , Sun Jinren , Zhang Zhiyou , Cao Yan , Zhang Pinliang , Li Mu
Published: January 2025

The laser ablation pressure is often estimated by an exponential scaling law, which is determined by integral averaging of 1–2 ns short pulses. Here, we report a direct, continuous measurement of ablation pressure of a 3–10 ns ramp 351-nm laser pulse. Aluminum is deposited on LiF window, ablation pressure is inferred from the particle velocity of interface using the backward integration method, combined with incident ramp shaped laser intensity, and the real-time laser-driven ablation pressure as a function of incident laser power density on an aluminum target is obtained. For the same ablation pressure scale, when intensity is higher than 1TW/cm2, the surface illuminated intensity of laser should be modified with the cosine of incident angle, which agrees well with the modified Manheimer model [Scheiner and Schmitt, Phys. Plasmas 26(2), 024502 (2019)]. On the other hand, the incidence angle has the least effect when the intensity is below 0.1 TW/cm2. In the range of 0.1–1  TW/cm2, a significant loss in ablation pressure is observed, deviating notably from the exponential scaling relationship. This characteristic makes the laser direct drive ramp loading technique unfriendly to elastoplastic and phase transition problems.
Ferro-ionic states and domains morphology in HfxZr1−xO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Eliseev Eugene A. , Kalinin Sergei V. , Morozovska Anna N.
Published: January 2025

Unique polar properties of nanoscale hafnia-zirconia oxides (HfxZr1−xO2) are of great interest for condensed matter physics, nanophysics, and advanced applications. These properties are connected (at least partially) to the ionic–electronic and electrochemical phenomena at the surface, interfaces, and/or internal grain boundaries. Here, we calculated the phase diagrams, dielectric permittivity, spontaneous polar, and antipolar ordering, as well as the domain structure morphology in HfxZr1−xO2 nanoparticles covered by ionic–electronic charge originating from surface electrochemical adsorption. We revealed that the ferro-ionic coupling supports the polar long-range order in nanoscale HfxZr1−xO2, induces, and/or enlarges the stability region of the labyrinthine domains toward smaller sizes and smaller environmental dielectric constant at low concentrations of the surface ions. The ferro-ionic coupling causes the transition to the single-domain ferro-ionic state at high concentrations of the surface ions. We predict that the labyrinthine domain states, being multiple-degenerated, may significantly affect the emergence of the negative differential capacitance state in the nanograined/nanocrystalline HfxZr1−xO2 films.
The low-lying electronic states of 4H-pyran-4-thione; a photoionization and vacuum ultraviolet absorption study, with interpretation by configuration interaction and density functional calculations for the ionic and singlet states
Authors: Palmer Michael H. , Kivimäki Antti , Hoffmann Søren Vrønning , Jones Nykola C. , Coreno Marcello , de Simone Monica , Grazioli Cesare , Aitken R. Alan , Patterson Iain L. J. , Perrault Loëlia
Published: January 2025

Two synchrotron-based studies on 4H-pyran-4-thione, photoelectron spectroscopy and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) absorption spectra were performed. A highly resolved structure was observed in the photoelectron spectrum (PES), in contrast to an earlier PES study, where little structure was observed. The sequence of ionic states was determined using configuration interaction and coupled cluster methods. The vibrational structure of the lowest three PES bands was analyzed by configuration interaction and density functional calculations, providing a detailed explanation of the observed profiles. Several vibrational bands in the VUV absorption spectrum showed a similar structure to the bands in the PES and were identified as Rydberg states.
Computationally efficient machine-learned model for GST phase change materials via direct and indirect learning
Authors: Dunton Owen R. , Arbaugh Tom , Starr Francis W.
Published: January 2025

Phase change materials such as Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) are ideal candidates for next-generation, non-volatile, solid-state memory due to the ability to retain binary data in the amorphous and crystal phases and rapidly transition between these phases to write/erase information. Thus, there is wide interest in using molecular modeling to study GST. Recently, a Gaussian Approximation Potential (GAP) was trained for GST to reproduce Density Functional Theory (DFT) energies and forces at a fraction of the computational cost [Zhou et al., Nat. Electron. 6, 746 (2023)]; however, simulations of large length and time scales are still challenging using this GAP model. Here, we present a machine-learned (ML) potential for GST implemented using the Atomic Cluster Expansion (ACE) framework. This ACE potential shows comparable accuracy to the GAP potential but performs orders of magnitude faster. We train the ACE potentials both directly from DFT and also using a recently introduced indirect learning approach where the potential is trained instead from an intermediate ML potential, in this case, GAP. Indirect learning allows us to consider a significantly larger training set than could be generated using DFT alone. We compare the directly and indirectly learned potentials and find that both reproduce the structure and thermodynamics predicted by the GAP and also match experimental measures of GST structure. The speed of the ACE model, particularly when using graphics processing unit acceleration, allows us to examine repeated transitions between crystal and amorphous phases in device-scale systems with only modest computational resources.
Effective repulsive interaction between Janus polymer-grafted nanoparticles adhering to lipid vesicles
Authors: Darling Jordan F. , Sharma Abash , Zhu Yu , Spangler Eric J. , Laradji Mohamed
Published: January 2025

The adhesion of nanoparticles to lipid vesicles causes curvature deformations to the membrane to an extent determined by the competition between the adhesive interaction and the membrane’s elasticity. These deformations can extend over length scales larger than the size of a nanoparticle, leading to an effective membrane-curvature-mediated interaction between nanoparticles. Nanoparticles with uniform surfaces tend to aggregate into unidimensionally close-packed clusters at moderate adhesion strengths and endocytose at high adhesion strengths. Here, we show that the suppression of close-packed clustering and endocytosis can be achieved by the surface modification of the nanoparticles into Janus particles where a moiety of their surface is grafted with polymers under a good solvent condition. The osmotic pressure of the polymer brushes prevents membrane wrapping of the nanoparticles’ moieties that are grafted with polymers, thus suppressing their endocytosis. Furthermore, a repulsion between polymer brushes belonging to two nearby nanoparticles destabilizes the dimerization of the nanoparticles over a wide range of values of the polymers’ molecular weight and grafting density. This surface modification of nanoparticles should allow for reliable, non-close-packed, and tunable self-assemblies of nanoparticles.
H2O trimer: Rigorous 12D quantum calculations of intermolecular vibrational states, tunneling splittings, and low-frequency spectrum
Authors: Simkó Irén , Felker Peter M. , Bačić Zlatko
Published: January 2025

The water trimer, as the smallest water cluster in which the three-body interactions can manifest, is arguably the most important hydrogen-bonded trimer. Accurate, fully coupled quantum treatment of its excited intermolecular vibrations has long been an elusive goal. Here, we present the methodology that for the first time allows rigorous twelve-dimensional (12D) quantum calculation of the intermolecular vibration-tunneling eigenstates of the water trimer, with the monomers treated as rigid. These 12D eigenstates are used to simulate the low-frequency absorption spectrum of the trimer for direct comparison with the measured far-infrared (FIR) spectrum of the water trimer in helium nanodroplets. The 12D calculations reveal weak coupling between the large-amplitude torsional and intermolecular stretching vibrations. The calculated torsional tunneling splittings are in excellent agreement with spectroscopic results. There are visible differences between the spectrum simulated using the 12D eigenstates and that based on our earlier 9D calculations where the stretching vibrations are not included. The peaks in the 12D spectrum are generally shifted to slightly lower energies relative to those in the 9D spectrum, as well as the measured FIR spectrum, and are often split by intermolecular stretch–bend Fermi resonances that the 9D treatment cannot capture.
Creation, annihilation and transport of nonmagnetic antiskyrmions within Ginzburg–Landau–Devonshire model
Authors: Stepkova V. , Hlinka J.
Published: January 2025

Atomistic model calculations recently revealed that the polarization pattern at the cross section through nanoscale ferroelectric nanodomains in rhombohedral barium titanate shows a clear antiskyrmion attributes such as the net invariant topological charge of minus two. The present work confirms that these topological defects also exist as local minima in the discretized Ginzburg–Landau–Devonshire model, which is widely used in phase-field modeling studies. We explore by phase-field simulations how an electric field can be used to create or move antiskyrmions within a monodomain ferroelectric matrix. The process of field-induced antiskyrmion annihilation reveals the existence of a discrete ladder of intermediate antiskyrmion states with distinct radii but common symmetry, topology, and geometrical properties.
First-principles study on electronic and optical properties of perovskite light-emitting diodes CsPb(Br1−
xIx)3
Authors: Xiong Peng , Liao Jin-Bo , Wang Zhong-Yuan , Zuo Qian-He , Dai Yu , Wu Jian , Tong Chuan-Jia
Published: January 2025

CsPb(Br1−xIx)3, a mixed-halide all-inorganic perovskite, is a promising light-emitting diode (LED) material due to its impressive performance. It has been demonstrated that the mixing parameter x of halogen composition significantly influences the luminescence efficiency of CsPb(Br1−xIx)3. However, the underlying microscopic mechanisms remain unclear. Using first-principles calculations, we investigate the effects of anion mixing on the radiative and non-radiative recombination properties of perovskite materials. Simulations on the carrier mobility, exciton binding energy, affinity energy, and defect formation energy of the materials in the CsPb(Br1−xIx)3 system collaboratively revealed that a high ratio off Br is associated with enhanced luminescence efficiency. Specifically, CsPb(Br1−xIx)3 exhibits optimal luminescent performance with a 2:1 bromine-to-iodine ratio, while it shows the performance degradation with a 1:1 ratio. The results demonstrate that the ratio of halogen atoms (Br and I) has a significant influence on the LED properties of cesium-based all-inorganic perovskites CsPb(Br1−xIx)3, providing a valuable guide for the experimental preparation of cesium-based all-inorganic perovskites.
Spatially programmed alignment and actuation in printed liquid crystal elastomers
Authors: Telles Rodrigo , Kotikian Arda , Freychet Guillaume , Zhernenkov Mikhail , Wąsik Patryk , Yavitt Benjamin M. , Barrera Jorge-Luis , Cook Caitlyn C. , Pindak Ronald , Davidson Emily C. , Lewis Jennifer A.
Published: January 2025

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) exhibit reversible shape morphing behavior when cycled above their nematic-to-isotropic transition temperature. During extrusion-based 3D printing, LCE inks are subjected to coupled shear and extensional flows that can be harnessed to spatially control the alignment of their nematic director along prescribed print paths. Here, we combine experiment and modeling to elucidate the effects of ink composition, nozzle geometry, and printing parameters on director alignment. From rheological measurements, we quantify the dimensionless Weissenberg number (
Wi
) for the flow field each ink experiences as a function of printing conditions and demonstrate that
Wi
is a strong predictor of LCE alignment. We find that director alignment in LCE filaments printed through a tapered nozzle varies radially when
Wi
< 1, while it is uniform when
Wi
≫ 1. Based on COMSOL simulations and in operando X-ray measurements, we show that LCE inks printed through nozzles with an internal hyperbolic geometry exhibit a more uniform director alignment for a given
Wi
compared to those through tapered nozzles. Concomitantly, the stiffness along the print direction and actuation strain of printed LCEs increases substantially under such conditions. By varying
Wi
during printing through adjusting the flow rate “on the fly”, LCE architectures with uniform composition, yet locally encoded shape morphing transitions can be realized.
Superconductivity in cubic La3Al with interstitial anionic electrons
Authors: Tu Zhijun , Sun Peihan , Jia Donghan , Gou Huiyang , Liu Kai , Lei Hechang
Published: January 2025

We report the observation of superconductivity in cubic La3Al single crystal. It shows a metallic behavior at a normal state without observable structural transition and enters the superconducting state below Tc
~ 6.32 K. Detailed characterizations and analysis indicate that cubic La3Al is a bulk type-II BCS superconductor. Moreover, theoretical calculations show that it can host interstitial anionic electrons, which are located at the body center of cubic unit cell, and confirm the electronphonon coupling as the superconducting mechamism. Thus, cubic La3Al can be regarded as an novel electride superconductor.
Plane-parallel waves as Jacobi–Lie models
Authors: Petr Ivo , Hlavatý Ladislav
Published: January 2025

T-duality and its generalizations are widely recognized either as symmetries or solution-generating techniques in string theory. Recently introduced Jacobi–Lie T-plurality is based on Leibniz algebras whose structure constants

f

a
b

c

,

f
c

a
b

,

Z
a

,

Z
a

satisfy further conditions. Low dimensional Jacobi–Lie bialgebras were classified a few years ago. We study four- and six-dimensional algebras with structure constants

f
b

b
a

=

Z
a

=
0

and show that there are several classes consisting of mutually isomorphic algebras. Using isomorphisms between Jacobi–Lie bialgebras we investigate three- and four-dimensional sigma models related by Jacobi–Lie T-plurality with and without spectators. In the Double Field Theory formulation constant generalized fluxes FA
are used in the literature to transform dilaton field. We extend the procedure to non-constant fluxes and verify that obtained backgrounds and dilatons solve Supergravity Equations. Most of the resulting backgrounds have vanishing curvature scalars and, as can be seen by finding Brinkmann coordinates, represent plane-parallel waves.
A constructible conductivity cloak via homogenisation*
Authors: Capdeboscq Yves , Gemida Eleanor
Published: January 2025

We show that approximate cloaks can be constructed by a finite number of layers of isotropic materials. We detail a construction method, and we provide an upper bound on the number of layers required. Our approach is to view anisotropic matrix-valued materials obtained by the cloaking-by-mapping method as the effective limit of a multiple materials rank-one laminate, and to quantify precisely the approximation error. We illustrate our result and a variant in dimension two with an example.
Nonlinear Breit–Wheeler pair production using polarized photons from inverse Compton scattering
Authors: Seipt Daniel , Samuelsson Mathias , Blackburn Tom
Published: January 2025

Observing multiphoton electron–positron pair production (the nonlinear Breit–Wheeler process) requires high-energy γ rays to interact with strong electromagnetic fields. In order for these observations to be as precise as possible, the γ rays would ideally be both mono-energetic and highly polarized. Here we perform Monte Carlo simulations of an experimental configuration that accomplishes this in two stages. First, a multi-GeV electron beam interacts with a moderately intense laser pulse to produce a bright, highly polarized beam of γ rays by inverse Compton scattering. Second, after removing the primary electrons, these γ rays collide with another, more intense, laser pulse in order to produce pairs. We show that it is possible to measure the γ-ray polarization dependence of the nonlinear Breit–Wheeler process in near-term experiments, using a 100 TW class laser and currently available electron beams. Furthermore, it would also be possible to observe harmonic structure and the perturbative-to-nonperturbative transition if such a laser were colocated with a future linear collider.
Room temperature pure α-phase tantalum films on sapphire for superconducting qubits
Authors: Bu Kunliang , Zong Zhiwen , Zhang Zhenxing , Ma Xingyu , Shao Ming , Li Dengfeng , Li Yuan , Hu Jingjing , Huai Sainan , An Shuoming , Cai Tianqi , Yang Xiaopei , Dai Maochun , Zheng Yi-Cong , Zhang Shengyu
Published: January 2025

Tantalum (Ta) films with a body-centered cubic α-phase play a crucial role in high-performance Ta-based superconducting quantum processors. The growth of pure α-Ta at low temperatures has been a long-term goal. Existing experience with Ta growth on silicon substrates has led to the belief that α-Ta can only be stabilized at high temperatures. In this study, we systematically analyzed the growth mechanism of Ta films on sapphire substrates using first-principles calculations, revealing a narrow growth energy window for pure α-Ta at room temperature (RT). This finding indicates the feasibility of obtaining pure α-Ta at significantly lower temperatures. Experimentally, we successfully achieved pure α-Ta at RT via magnetron sputtering by meticulously adjusting the growth parameters. The resulting superconducting resonators based on the developed RT α-Ta exhibit an internal quality factor (

Q
i

) of approximately

2.1
×

10
6

at single-photon levels, comparable to those fabricated at high temperatures. Additionally, fixed-frequency transmon qubits fabricated using the RT α-Ta film demonstrate a coherence time exceeding 280 µs, underscoring the film’s high quality. The RT α-Ta without a seed layer simplifies the fabrication process, offering a more efficient and flexible approach for producing Ta-based superconducting quantum processors.
Recent progress in synthesis and properties of two-dimensional boron carbon nitride for application in energy storage devices
Authors: Rasuli Hadi , Rasuli Reza
Published: January 2025

Two-dimensional (2D) Boron Carbon Nitride (BCN) has recently gained significant attention as a convoluted ternary system owing to its remarkable capability to exhibit a wide range of finely tunable physical, chemical, optical, and electrical properties. In this review, we discuss a variety of stable structure forms of BCN nanosheets. In addition, this review provides recent approaches for synthesizing BCN nanostructures, and properties of BCN derivatives. BCN is a promising material for sustainable energy and energy storage devices. Since BCN application is a challenge in the field of energy, we present potential applications of BCN in the field of energy including supercapacitors and batteries, wastewater treatment, electrochemical sensing, and gas adsorption.
Visual collective behaviors on spherical robots
Authors: Castro Diego , Eloy Christophe , Ruffier Franck
Published: January 2025

The implementation of collective motion, traditionally, disregard the limited sensing capabilities of an individual, to instead assuming an omniscient perception of the environment. This study implements a visual flocking model in a ‘robot-in-the-loop’ approach to reproduce these behaviors with a flock composed of 10 independent spherical robots. The model achieves robotic collective motion by only using panoramic visual information of each robot, such as retinal position, optical size and optic flow of the neighboring robots. We introduce a virtual anchor to confine the collective robotic movements so to avoid wall interactions. For the first time, a simple visual robot-in-the-loop approach succeed in reproducing several collective motion phases, in particular, swarming, and milling. Another milestone achieved with by this model is bridging the gap between simulation and physical experiments by demonstrating nearly identical behaviors in both environments with the same visual model. To conclude, we show that our minimal visual collective motion model is sufficient to recreate most collective behaviors on a robot-in-the-loop system that be implemented using several individuals, behaves as numerical simulations predict and is easily comparable to traditional models.
Approaches for aggregating data from the regional to the global level: importance for conclusions on Earth system state
Authors: Vea Eldbjørg Blikra , Richardson Katherine , Bjørn Anders , Hauschild Michael
Published: January 2025

A number of initiatives attempt to delimit the safe operating space (SOS) for human pressures on the Earth system, including the Planetary Boundaries framework. In some cases, data describing regional status are spatially aggregated to provide a global assessment. Several aggregation approaches can be observed, and the chosen approach may impact the conclusions. This study systematically reviews approaches of aggregating regional environmental boundaries and their state at the global level and uses a case study to compare them, aiming to highlight assumptions and implications and show how inconsistent approaches affect the accuracy and comparability of global boundary states. In the comprehensive literature review, 25 studies dealing with spatial aggregation of regional occupation of SOS and 43 associated regional boundary records were identified and categorized according to five spatial aggregation approaches and five types of adjustments that apply across approaches. These approaches were further classified as high- and low-risk approaches based on their assumptions and value judgments regarding precautionary levels and accepted regional transgressions. Notably, key publications dealing with multiple environmental boundaries use different aggregation approaches across the boundaries, potentially introducing biases. The application of these approaches to a case study revealed that the choice can influence the resulting aggregated occupation of SOS substantially, impacting conclusions as to whether or not a boundary is exceeded. To mitigate biases and inconsistencies, future estimates of spatially aggregated regional SOS should transparently communicate the assumptions underlying the chosen aggregation approach, address potential inconsistencies across boundaries, and advance our understanding of spatial propagation mechanisms.
Flexible circularly polarized CPW antenna for X-band: design, simulation, and experimental validation
Authors: D Rajesh Kumar , Vishnulakshmi K , K G Sujanth Narayan , G Venkat Babu
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the design and analysis of a circularly polarized coplanar waveguide (CPW) antenna specifically tailored for X-band applications. The antenna, with compact dimensions of 27 mm × 28 mm, is fabricated on a flexible 0.1 mm thick polyimide substrate. It operates effectively within the frequency range of 10.5 GHz to 12 GHz. To enhance performance metrics such as gain and radiation characteristics, two complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs) are integrated into the radiating patch. Comprehensive simulations were conducted, followed by the fabrication and experimental testing of the antenna. The results indicate a high degree of agreement between the simulated and measured performance parameters. The antenna achieves a gain of up to 6 dBi, with an axial ratio maintained below 3 dB across the operating frequency band, signifying excellent circular polarization characteristics. These findings underscore the potential of the proposed CPW antenna design as a highly efficient solution for X-band applications, offering notable improvements in gain and axial ratio performance. This work contributes to the development of advanced antenna technologies suitable for modern communication systems operating in the X-band spectrum.
Toward a Definition of Mexican Canto Nuevo
Authors: Palomares-Salas Claudio
Published: January 2025

Chapter 2 explores various features crucial to comprehending Mexican Canto Nuevo from a broader perspective. These include the movement’s nomenclature and temporality, the positionality of its members, and the critical concept of folklorization, which is essential to understanding Canto Nuevo’s approach to traditional Mexican and Latin American music. It also discusses the Marxist/humanist values that sustained the movement ideologically and some of the shared features among its members, which positioned themselves collectively in response to the social, cultural, and political events shaping Mexico and Latin America in the 1960s–1980s. Finally, it studies the six themes dominating the movement’s lyrical production: history, social and political issues, armed struggle, humor, love, and children’s topics.
Consolidation (1977–1981)
Authors: Palomares-Salas Claudio
Published: January 2025

Chapter 6 examines Canto Nuevo’s consolidation as a cultural force in Mexico from 1977 to 1981. It discusses the substantial support received through official organizations, reviews the two Encuentros de la Canción Política in 1977–1978, and explores how Canto Nuevo went beyond the peñas and embarked on a series of massive concerts, particularly the Festivales de Oposición, which became emblematic of the movement. It discusses the participation of some Canto Nuevo artists in the Onceavo Festival de la Juventud y los Estudiantes held in Cuba in 1978 and the 1981 Canto Nuevo contest organized by Canal 13. It also reviews Gabino Palomares’s La maldición de Malinche (1977), discusses the group Sanampay, and briefly surveys the work of Guadalupe Pineda, Eugenia León, and Tania Libertad. Finally, the chapter explores Canto Nuevo’s solidarity activity with Central American revolutionary movements and discusses the emergence of the record label Pentagrama.
Brain aging rejuvenation factors in adults with genetic and sporadic neurodegenerative disease
Authors: Casaletto Kaitlin B , Saloner Rowan , Kornak John , Staffaroni Adam M , Villeda Saul , Paolillo Emily , VandeBunte Anna M , Cadwallader Claire J , Lario Lago Argentina , Webb Julia , Chen Coty , Rascovsky Katya , Miyagawa Toji , Ramos Eliana Marisa , Masdeu Joseph C , Pantelyat Alexander , Tartaglia Maria Carmela , Bozoki Andrea , Pressman Peter S , Rademakers Rosa , Kremers Walter , Darby Ryan , Younes Kyan , Pascual Belen , Ghoshal Nupur , Lapid Maria , Mackenzie Ian R A , Li Jingyao , Hsiung Ging-Yuek Robin , Hall Jacob N , Yutsis Maya V , Litvan Irene , Henderson Victor W , Sivasankaran Rajeev , Worringer Katie , Domoto-Reilly Kimiko , Snyder Allison , Loureiro Joseph , Kramer Joel H , Heuer Hilary , Forsberg Leah K , Rosen Howard J , Boeve Bradley , Rojas Julio C , Boxer Adam L
Published: January 2025

The largest risk factor for dementia is age. Heterochronic blood exchange studies have uncovered age-related blood factors that demonstrate ‘pro-aging’ or ‘pro-youthful’ effects on the mouse brain. The clinical relevance and combined effects of these factors for humans is unclear. We examined five previously identified brain rejuvenation factors in cerebrospinal fluid of adults with autosomal dominant forms of frontotemporal dementia and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. Our frontotemporal dementia cohort included 100 observationally followed adults carrying autosomal dominant frontotemporal dementia mutations (Mage = 49.6; 50% female; 43% C9orf72, 24% GRN, 33% MAPT) and 62 non-carriers (Mage = 52.6; 45% female) with cerebrospinal fluid analysed on Somascan, and longitudinal (Mvisits = 3 years, range 1–7 years) neuropsychological and functional assessments and plasma neurofilament light chain. Our Alzheimer’s disease cohort included 35 adults with sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (Mage = 69.4; 60% female) and 56 controls (Mage = 68.8, 50% female) who completed the same cerebrospinal fluid and clinical outcome measures cross-sectionally. Levels of C-C motif chemokine ligand 11, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2, beta-2-micorglobulin, bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein (aka Osteocalcin) and colony stimulating factor 2 in cerebrospinal fluid were linearly combined into a composite score, with higher values reflecting ‘pro-youthful’ levels. In genetic frontotemporal dementia, higher baseline cerebrospinal fluid rejuvenation proteins predicted slower decline across cognitive, functional, and neurofilament light chain trajectories; estimates were similar across genotypes. In transdiagnostic analyses, higher cerebrospinal fluid rejuvenation proteins associated with better functional, cognitive, and neurofilament light chain outcomes in adults with sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. Proteins with pre-clinical evidence for brain rejuvenation show translational clinical relevance in adults with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias and warrant further investigation.