bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Part-based multi-task deep network for autonomous indoor drone navigation
Authors: Zhang Xiangzhu , Zhang Lijia , Pei Hailong , Lewis Frank L.
Published: August 2020

Two common methods exist for solving indoor autonomous navigation and obstacle-avoidance problems using monocular vision: the traditional simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) method, which requires complex hardware, heavy calculations, and is prone to errors in low texture or dynamic environments; and deep-learning algorithms, which use the fully connected layer for classification or regression, resulting in more model parameters and easy over-fitting. Among the latter ones, the most advanced indoor navigation algorithm divides a single image frame into multiple parts for prediction, resulting in doubled reasoning time. To solve these problems, we propose a multi-task deep network based on feature map region division for monocular indoor autonomous navigation. We divide the feature map instead of the original image to avoid repeated information processing. To reduce model parameters, we use convolution instead of the fully connected layer to predict the navigable probability of the left, middle, and right parts. We propose that the linear velocity is determined by combining three prediction probabilities to reduce collision risk. Experimental evaluation shows that the proposed method is nine times smaller than the previous state-of-the-art methods; further, its processing speed and navigation capability increase more than five and 1.6 times, respectively.
Research on forecasting coal bed methane demand and resource allocation system based on time series
Authors: Linghu Jianshe , Chen Jinhua , Yan Zhiming
Published: August 2020

The mining area is the main place for the development and utilization of Coalbed Methane (CBM), and there are a series of systems for the development and utilization of CBM. However, owing to lack of a clear understanding of demand-side gas consumption rules and a reasonable resource allocation system, a large amount of CBM resources in the mining area are wasted. In order to predict the demand for CBM dynamically, the Seasonal Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model, Additive Holt-Winters (AHW) model and Multiplicative Holt-Winters (MHW) model based on time series are used to predict the monthly demand for CBM in Yangquan Mine Area in 2020, respectively. Then the predicted results are evaluated by using the prediction model parameters combined with the characteristics of actual demand for CBM. Finally, a resource allocation system under different supply and demand conditions is built to reduce the waste of resources. In this paper, it is found that the information of the actual data is not sufficiently extracted in the MHW model while the SARIMA model can reflect the cyclical trend of monthly demand for CBM under ideal conditions. Furthermore, the AHW model can reasonably predict the demand for CBM under the influence of COVID-19, with a mean relative error of 0.099. The supply and demand distribution system built based on the proposed models can solve the problem of seasonal unevenness of CBM demand in mining areas and ensure the economic benefits of mining areas.
Inflammation of a Posterior Ciliary Artery in a Naive Cynomolgus Macaque
Authors: Laing Steven T. , Bockenstedt Marie M. , Booler Helen S.
Published: August 2020

This brief communication describes a previously unreported background lesion in the eye of a naive cynomolgus macaque. Inflammation of a posterior ciliary artery was, in this case, morphologically similar to vascular inflammation of other tissues described in naive cynomolgus macaques. However, the available literature does not describe this lesion at this anatomical site. The affected animal did not present with any abnormal clinical signs and ophthalmological examinations were within normal limits. Toxicologic pathologists should be aware of this finding in order to help differentiate it from a test item–related finding.
Obesity Treatment in African American Churches: Current Treatment Targets and Preferences among Parishioners
Authors: Brewer Shelby Frances , Gilder Carnisha M. , Leahey Tricia M.
Published: August 2020

Obesity is prevalent among African Americans, and church-based weight management programs may help address this public health issue. To develop more effective interventions, a survey was administered to members of a large, African American faith-based organization that assessed weight management intervention targets and preferences. Respondents ( N = 1,439) represented the Midwestern and Southern United States. Mean body mass index was 30.8 ± 9.2 kg/m2, and 82.5% of respondents were overweight/obese. The majority (65.0%) wanted a weight management intervention conducted with the church and preferred an in-person (69.0%), group-based (68.0%) program that meets weekly for one hour or less (72%) and addresses identified barriers including access to healthy foods, childcare, and physical activity support. Church support was linked to better dietary quality and higher physical activity among parishioners ( p’s ≤ 0.02), suggesting church support may be important for healthy eating and exercise. This study provides a clear path forward for developing and delivering weight loss interventions within African American churches.
Vulnerable and Resilient: Legal Status, Sources of Support, Maternal Knowledge, and the Family Routines of Mexican and Central American-origin Mothers in Los Angeles
Authors: McConnell Eileen Díaz , Yellow Horse Aggie J
Published: August 2020

How do unauthorized immigrant parents promote family functioning to navigate challenging conditions and contexts in the United States? This article offers the first quantitative analyses contrasting the family organization and maternal knowledge of Mexican and Central-American immigrant mothers by legal status. Using Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey data with a sample of mothers of school-aged children, the analyses investigate whether mothers’ documentation status, origin country/region, and access to social and instrumental support are associated with the frequency of family dinners, the consistency of family routines, and the knowledge of their child’s associations and friendships. Relative to their US-born and documented Mexican immigrant counterparts, undocumented Mexican immigrant mothers have as many or more frequent family dinners, more predictable family routines, and the same level of knowledge about whom their child is with when not at home. Whom mothers can rely on for emergency childcare and financial support also is linked with both family organization and levels of maternal knowledge about their child. More quantitative research is needed about how undocumented immigrant parents actively employ different family functioning strategies to promote strengths and resiliency in their lives in the midst of challenging contexts driven by lack of legal status.
Warriors Wanted: The Performance of Immigrants in the US Army
Authors: Strader Eiko , Lundquist Jennifer , Dominguez-Villegas Rodrigo
Published: August 2020

The US Army offers English-language instruction and socio-cultural training to foreign-born personnel, and current US law allows some immigrants to apply for expedited citizenship through military service. The US Army, thus, offers a compelling context in which to explore how such institutional factors might facilitate immigrant incorporation, yet we know little about the experience of foreign-born soldiers because most surveys exclude active-duty personnel. Using novel data obtained from the US Department of Defense that are not available to the public, this research note describes the integrative nature of the US Army, and contrasts foreign-born and native-born soldiers in relation to what we know about selectivity and immigrant job outcomes elsewhere. We examine rank, promotion likelihood, and retention of newly enlisted citizen and noncitizen immigrant soldiers compared to their native-born counterparts who joined the US Army between 2002 and 2009. We show that immigrants perform equally well or better than native-born soldiers.
Clip-and-loop technique for left atrial appendage occlusion
Authors: Suematsu Yoshihiro , Shimizu Takaharu
Published: August 2020

The left atrial appendage is thought to be responsible for the majority of embolic strokes, and has become an important target in the surgical management of atrial fibrillation. We present an original clip-and-loop technique using an AtriClip via a left minithoracotomy for post-stroke patients with atrial fibrillation. This procedure was performed in 43 cases between March 2018 and January 2020. No patient had a thrombus at the edge of the clip or communication into the left atrial appendage 3 months after surgery. Anticoagulant could be discontinued in all patients. Follow-up at 23 ± 10 months showed no recurrence of stroke.
Those who control the code control the rules: How different perspectives of privacy are being written into the code of blockchain systems
Authors: Renwick Robin , Gleasure Rob
Published: August 2020

Blockchain systems afford new privacy capabilities. This threatens to create conflict, as different social groups involved in blockchain development often disagree on which capabilities specific systems should enact. This article adopts a boundary object perspective to make sense of disagreements between collaborating social worlds. We perform a case study of privacy attitudes among collaborating actors in Monero, a cryptocurrency community that emphasises privacy and decentralisation alongside a set of values sometimes described as anti-establishment, crypto-anarchist, and/or cypherpunk. The case study performs a series of interviews with users, developers, cryptographic researchers, corporate architects, and government regulators. Three novel and important findings emerge. The first is that none of the social worlds express a desire to monitor routine transactions, despite the obvious business and tax-collection value of such data. The second is that regulators are happy to postpone active involvement, based on the flawed assumption they can impose privacy-related regulation later, once risks have become clear. Such regulation may not be possible as protocols and rulesets currently being coded into the system may be impossible to amend in the future (unless they can obtain either developer or network consensus). The third is that regulators assume methods for overseeing extraordinary transaction are necessary to avoid widespread, near-effortless money laundering. Yet, each of the other social worlds is operating under the assumption that this trade-off has already been accepted. These findings demonstrate subtle power transitions and changes in privacy attitudes that have implications for research on blockchain, management, and boundary objects in general.
On the motion/stiffness decoupling property of articulated soft robots with application to model-free torque iterative learning control
Authors: Mengacci Riccardo , Angelini Franco , Catalano Manuel G , Grioli Giorgio , Bicchi Antonio , Garabini Manolo
Published: August 2020

This article tackles the problem of controlling articulated soft robots (ASRs), i.e., robots with either fixed or variable elasticity lumped at the joints. Classic control schemes rely on high-authority feedback actions, which have the drawback of altering the desired robot softness. The problem of accurate control of ASRs, without altering their inherent stiffness, is particularly challenging because of their complex and hard-to-model nonlinear dynamics. Leveraging a learned anticipatory action, iterative learning control (ILC) strategies do not suffer from these issues. Recently, ILC was adopted to perform position control of ASRs. However, the limitation of position-based ILC in controlling variable stiffness robots is that whenever the robot stiffness profile is changed, a different input action has to be learned. Our first contribution is to identify a wide class of ASRs, whose motion and stiffness adjusting dynamics can be proved to be decoupled. This class is described by two properties that we define: strong elastic coupling, relative to motors and links of the system and their connections; and homogeneity, relative to the characteristics of the motors. Furthermore, we design a torque-based ILC scheme that, starting from a rough estimation of the system parameters, refines the torque needed for the joint positions tracking. The resulting control scheme requires minimum knowledge of the system. Experiments on variable stiffness robots prove that the method effectively generalizes the iterative procedure with respect to the desired stiffness profile and allows good tracking performance. Finally, potential restrictions of the method, e.g., caused by friction phenomena, are discussed.
New combination of IntraSPINE device and posterior lumbar interbody fusion for rare skipped-level lumbar disc herniation: a case report and literature review
Authors: Feng Shitong , Fan Zihan , Ni Jiashuai , Yang Yong , Fei Qi
Published: August 2020

Posterior lumbar interbody fusion is an open surgical technique that has been widely used for the treatment of degenerative lumbar disease. However, traditional lumbar spinal fusion, especially long-segment fusion surgery, is associated with several complications. The IntraSPINE (Cousin Biotech, Wervicq-Sud, France) is a new device for non-fusion lumbar spine surgery that is used as an alternative for the treatment of degenerative lumbar disease. Although the designer of the IntraSPINE proposed indications for its use, including combination of the device with lumbar spinal fusion for the treatment of degenerative lumbar disease, use of the IntraSPINE has not been reported in the clinical literature. In the present case, we boldly combined the IntraSPINE device and posterior lumbar interbody fusion for the treatment of skipped-level lumbar disc herniation to explore the indications of the IntraSPINE and report its clinical outcomes.
Anti-Asian violence and US imperialism
Authors: Man Simeon
Published: August 2020

The early months of 2020 witnessed a spike in anti-Asian violence in the United States, which many commentators attributed to President Donald Trump’s racist remarks calling the coronavirus the ‘Chinese virus’. This essay offers a historical lens through which to understand anti-Asian racism within the current conjuncture of the COVID-19 pandemic and US racist state violence. It argues that anti-Asian violence should be seen not merely as episodic or as individual acts of violence targeting Asian peoples but as a structure of US settler colonialism and racial capitalism. The first half of the essay examines this history; the second half focuses on Asian American activist organisations that emerged in the 1980s and 1990s, including the Coalition Against Anti-Asian Violence: Organizing Asian Communities and Nodutdol, to illustrate their abolitionist visions of justice and how they are finding space to enact these visions in the current moment. The essay ultimately argues for the need to approach the struggle against anti-Asian racism expansively so as to encompass the struggle for decolonisation and Black liberation.
Applications and Estimate Comparisons of Bezgin–Kolukırık Equations for Dynamic Impact Forces Because of Wheel Flats with Numerical Analysis Estimates and Instrumented Track Measurements
Authors: Özgür Bezgin Niyazi , Kolukırık Cengiz
Published: August 2020

Bezgin–Kolukırık equations (K’B3 and K'B3,H) are the last group of seven analytical equations based on the Bezgin Method. The method is based on the law of conservation of energy, rules of kinematics and a new concept, impact reduction factor, that describes the development of dynamic impact forces because of track and wheel roughness. K'B3 and K’B3,H estimate dynamic impact force factors because of wheel flats. K'B3,H includes the effect of Hertzian contact deformation on dynamic impact force factors. The proposed equations require up to six parameters to yield estimates. These parameters are: wheel diameter, wheel flat length, train speed, static wheel force transferred to the rail based on the tributary mass of the wheel, equivalent system stiffness of railway track and rolling stock, and length of Hertzian contact interface between wheel and rail. These equations empower users with the ability to estimate the highest values of the dynamic impact force factors because of wheel flats by manual calculations that yield realistic estimates comparable with estimates from advanced numerical methods and measurements obtained from instrumented test tracks. This paper presents the proposed Bezgin–Kolukırık equations followed by their application on hypothetical track and rolling stock conditions presenting a wide range of values for track and rolling stock stiffness, static wheel force, wheel diameters, train speed and wheel flat lengths. Estimates from the proposed equations are compared with the estimates of advanced numerical methods and experimental measurements from two previous papers.
Gender and Precarious Work in the United States: Evidence from the Contingent Work Supplement 1995–2017
Authors: Albelda Randy , Bell-Pasht Aimee , Konstantinidis Charalampos
Published: August 2020

A central element of the neoliberal phase of capitalism is the flexibilization of labor and the consequent prevalence of precarious work. Here, we discuss flexibilization, develop a definition and measure of precarious work using the Contingent Work Supplement to the Current Population Survey, and examine the gender composition of precarious work in the United States. We find that gender and racial hierarchies persist in precarious jobs over the 1995–2017 period. Women—and women with children in particular—are over-represented in precarious jobs compared to men. Our findings call for a consideration of the impact of the changing nature of work on different groups of workers, and a renewed role for policy to ensure equitable terms of social reproduction.
Fire risk assessment of cypress wood coated with metal oxide and metal silicate flame retardant using cone calorimeter
Authors: Jin Eui , Chung Yeong-Jin
Published: August 2020

This study investigated the fire risk properties of cypress wood for the construction of interiors, especially focusing on heat and smoke hazard properties in fire scenarios. Fire risk characteristics were measured using a cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1). The external heat flux was maintained at 50 kW/m2. The flame retardants used were metal oxide and metal silicate; they were mixed with a water glass solution. Flame retardants and the silicon compound were dispersed in a concentration of 20 wt% versus 80 wt%, respectively, during 24 h using a magnetic stirrer. The fire performance indexes of the specimens increased by 3–16 times, compared with uncoated specimen and the fire growth index of the specimens increased by 70%–92%. The smoke performance index of the specimens increased by 9–66 times, compared with uncoated specimens. The smoke risk as shown by the smoke performance index increased in the following order: SnO < mica < Co3O4 < ZrSiO4 < cypress. The smoke growth index decreased from 93% to 98%, compared with uncoated wood. The smoke risk due to smoke growth index increased in the following order: SnO < mica < ZrSiO4≈ Co3O4 < cypress. The smoke intensity decreased from a minimum of 85% to a maximum of 99%, compared with uncoated wood. The concentration of CO gas generated after combustion was decreased by 24%–67%. They increased in the following order: mica ≈ ZrSiO4 < SnO < Co3O4 < cypress. A comprehensive assessment of fire performance shows that flame retardants decreased heat hazards, smoke hazards, and CO toxicity.
Best Practices in Ministry to Youth Navigating Sexual Identity and Faith
Authors: Yarhouse Mark A. , Sadusky Julia
Published: August 2020

Sexual identity refers to the labels people use with respect to their sexual preferences. Sexual identity labels such as gay, lesbian, bisexual, and queer are just a few sexual identity labels youth consider when they experience same-sex sexuality and are navigating various milestone events in the formation of identity. This article will place the experience of youth in a developmental context and provide recommendations for ministry to youth navigating sexual identity and Christian faith, including reframing care for youth under a stewardship model of ministry.
What Strategies Do Less-Skilled Adult Readers Use to Read Words, and How Aware Are They of These Strategies?
Authors: McHardy Janet , Chapman Elaine , O’Neill Marnie
Published: August 2020

Less-skilled adult readers have been found to be limited in their awareness and use of effective reading strategies. In this study, we aimed to (a) identify the strategies used by less-skilled adult readers that best predict word reading performance on standardized reading tests and (b) identify the word reading strategies that less-skilled adult readers reported using, as well as the extent to which these reports correlated with direct observations of reading behaviors. Results indicated that readers relied on six main strategies to read unknown words, but only two significantly contributed to prediction of actual word reading performance. These were also the two strategies that were most poorly understood by the readers. The findings emphasize the need for programs to incorporate methods to increase metacognitive awareness and strategy use in adults with reading difficulties.
Care Considerations in a Patient- and Family-Centered Medical Assistance in Dying Program
Authors: Brown Janine , Goodridge Donna , Harrison Averi , Kemp Jordan , Thorpe Lilian , Weiler Robert
Published: August 2020

Objective: Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) became legal in Canada in June 2016. As part of a project designed to improve end-of-life care for those requesting MAID, qualitative data from patients, families, and providers were used to assess opportunities to enhance patient-and family-centered care (PFCC) in this program. Methods: Thirty interviews were conducted with patients, families, and healthcare providers. Five patients who requested an assessment for MAID, 11 family members, and 14 healthcare providers were interviewed about their experiences in 2017. Comparative coding and thematic analysis were completed with the support of NVivo12. Results: Emotional PFCC considerations included: exploring and validating the emotional journey, navigating the uncertain, judgmental experiences, and the emotional impact on families and the care team. Physical PFCC considerations included: sensitivity in eligibility assessments, weaving in interdisciplinary care, provision of anticipatory guidance, and death location. Spiritual PFCC considerations included: honoring choice, listening to life stories, supporting spiritual needs, and acknowledging loss. Relational PFCC considerations included: defining the circle of support, supporting the circle, and relational investments. Conclusion: Fundamental to a PFCC MAID program, practitioners must be afforded time to provide holistic care. Program-related suggestions include incorporating interdisciplinary care early, and throughout the illness trajectory, consistency in care providers, appropriate anticipatory guidance, and bereavement supports for family, and dedicate space for MAID provisions. Patients and families must be included in the ongoing development and re-evaluation of MAID programs to ensure continued focus on quality end-of-life care.
Gold embedded chitosan nanoparticles with cell membrane mimetic polymer coating for pH-sensitive controlled drug release and cellular fluorescence imaging
Authors: Ma Ke , Cheng Yongbin , Wei Xinran , Chen Daijun , Zhao Xiaoli , Jia Pengxiang
Published: August 2020

In this work, gold embedded chitosan nanoparticles (Au@CS NPs) were fabricated by a one-pot method. The benzaldehyde-terminated poly[(2-methacryloyloxy) ethyl phosphorylcholine] (PMPC) was applied to modification of the gold doped chitosan nanoparticles. The obtained Au@CS-PMPC NPs had the diameter of 135 nm with a narrow distribution. The size of the Au@CS-PMPC NPs, as well as the size of the embedded gold NPs, might be well-controlled by adjusting the feeding ratio between chitosan and HAuCl4. Furthermore, the Au@CS-PMPC NPs showed increased colloidal stability, high drug loading content, pH-responsive drug release, excellent biocompatibility and bright fluorescence emission. The results demonstrated that Au@CS-PMPC NPs showed a great potential for tumor therapy via the combination advantages of pH-sensitive controlled drug release and cellular fluorescence imaging.
The Relationship Between Place of Birth and Early Breastfeeding Initiation in Indonesia
Authors: Kurniawan Deni W. , Chertok Ilana R. A. , Haile Zelalem T.
Published: August 2020

Background

In many countries, hospital-based births are associated with the early initiation of breastfeeding, within the first hour postpartum, especially where the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative guidelines have been adopted. While Indonesia has adopted the guidelines, there is a relatively low rate of early breastfeeding initiation in the country.

Research Aim

To determine the relationship between place of birth and early breastfeeding initiation in Indonesia.

Method

This study was a retrospective cross-sectional survey using national data from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey ( N = 14,279). The association between place of birth and early breastfeeding initiation was examined using logistic regression models, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

The overall prevalence of early breastfeeding initiation in Indonesia was 60.9% with a greater proportion of mothers giving birth in health facilities. In the multivariate model, there was a significant interaction between wealth index, insurance status, and place of birth on the timing of breastfeeding initiation. In the subgroup of mothers residing in middle wealth index households, women who gave birth in clinics and hospitals had lower odds of early breastfeeding initiation compared to those who gave birth at home (0.56; 0.34, 0.90; p = .018) and (0.58; 0.40, 0.85; p = .005), respectively.

Conclusions

Place of birth was significantly associated with early breastfeeding initiation. There is a need to consider health disparities and to strengthen the implementation of the WHO guidelines, Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative, and International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes, to increase early breastfeeding initiation in Indonesia.
The Role of Life Planning in Finding Purpose and Living Out One’s Career Calling Among Indonesian Emerging Adults
Authors: Yuliawati Livia , Ardyan Elia
Published: August 2020

The ability to plan effectively has been reported to have a positive effect on one’s life satisfaction, sense of direction, and future positive experiences. As emerging adults begin to discover what they want to be, they must also choose what kind of career they will pursue. The current perspective on career development views planning one’s career as a part of one’s larger life planning. Surprisingly, research examining how planning contributes to one’s presence of purpose and career is still lacking. The aim of this research is to assess the effect of planning on one’s career calling and purpose. The results show that planning positively predicted the presence of purpose and living out one’s career calling. Planning was not a significant predictor of the search for purpose, while the search for purpose negatively predicted the presence of purpose.
A semi-empirical study of penetration of shaped charge jet into high and ultra-high strength reactive powder concrete targets
Authors: Zhu Qifeng , Huang Zhengxiang , Xiao Qiangqiang , Zu Xudong , Jia Xin
Published: August 2020

In this study, a semi-empirical model was proposed to calculate the penetration depth and cavity diameters generated by shaped charge jet into high and ultra-high strength concrete (H&UHSC) targets. A recently proposed axial penetration equation and the two-step mechanism of cavity growth were employed to determine the analysis. The predictions were validated with reference to the experiments conducted using a kind of H&UHSC named reactive powder concrete (RPC). Furthermore, the influences of the RPC compressive strength and the jet velocity on the penetration were analyzed. The results showed that the RPC targets had good protection efficiency for both penetration depth and cavity diameters as the compressive strength approaches approximately 250∼280MPa. Moreover, the radial cavity growth efficiency increased linearly with the increase of the jet velocity, while the axial penetration efficiency increased rapidly when the jet velocity was 1.0∼4.0km/s and reached the maximum at 4.0∼7.0km/s and tended to be stable as the jet velocity increased to greater than about 7.0km/s.
Determination of wheel loading reduction in railway track with unsupported sleepers and rail irregularities
Authors: Azizi Mojtaba , Shahravi Majid , Ali Zakeri Jabbar
Published: August 2020

This study investigates the simultaneous effects of unsupported sleepers and rail random irregularities on track displacement and wheel load reduction, by means of numerical simulations with vehicle-track coupling. Vehicles are simulated as multibody systems comprising the major vehicle masses and suspension systems with nonlinear stiffness and damping. Flexible track with rail, sleeper and ballast components is considered using finite element and multibody programs. Numerical results of the simulations are in good agreement with field test measurements. Findings show that in tracks with less than four unsupported sleepers the vehicle is able to move at a speed of 110 km/h; with a higher number of unsupported sleepers the vehicle is vulnerable to derailment. The vehicle speed has no effect on the maximum rail displacement in tracks with less than four unsupported sleepers.
Periodic flow structures in a turbofan fan stage in windmilling
Authors: García Rosa Nicolás , Thacker Adrien , Dufour Guillaume
Published: August 2020

In a fan stage under windmilling conditions, the stator operates under negative incidence, leading to flow separation, which may present an unsteady behaviour due to rotor/stator interactions. An experimental study of the unsteady flow through the fan stage of a bypass turbofan in windmilling is proposed, using hot-wire anemometry. Windmilling conditions are reproduced in a ground engine test bed by blowing a variable mass flow through a bypass turbofan in ambient conditions. Time-averaged profiles of flow coefficient are independent of the mass flow, demonstrating the similarity of velocity triangle. Turbulence intensity profiles reveal that the high levels of turbulence production due to local shear are also independent of the inlet flow. A spectral analysis confirms that the flow is dominated by the blade passing frequency, and that the separated regions downstream of the stator amplify the fluctuations locked to the BPF without adding any new frequency. Phase-locked averaging is used to capture the periodic wakes of the rotor blades at the rotor/stator interface. A spanwise behaviour typical of flows through windmilling fans is evidenced. Through the inner sections of the fan, rotor wakes are thin and weakly turbulent, and the turbulence level remains constant through the stage. The rotor wakes thicken and become more turbulent towards the fan tip, where flow separation occurs. Downstream of the stator, maximum levels of turbulence intensity are measured in the separated flow. Large periodical zones of low velocity and high turbulence intensity are observed in the outer parts of the separated stator wake, confirming the pulsating motion of the stator flow separation, locked at the blade passing frequency. Space-time diagrams show that the flow is chorochronic, and a 2 D non-linear harmonic simulation is able to capture the main interaction modes, however, the stator incidence distribution could be affected by 3 D effects.
The Effect of Repetition on Truth Judgments Across Development
Authors: Fazio Lisa K. , Sherry Carrie L.
Published: August 2020

According to numerous research studies, when adults hear a statement twice, they are more likely to think it is true compared with when they have heard it only once. Multiple theoretical explanations exist for this illusory-truth effect. However, none of the current theories fully explains how or why people begin to use repetition as a cue for truth. In this preregistered study, we investigated those developmental origins in twenty-four 5-year-olds, twenty-four 10-year-olds, and 32 adults. If the link between repetition and truth is learned implicitly, then even 5-year-olds should show the effect. Alternatively, realizing this connection may require metacognition and intentional reflection, skills acquired later in development. Repetition increased truth judgments for all three age groups, and prior knowledge did not protect participants from the effects of repetition. These results suggest that the illusory-truth effect is a universal effect learned at a young age.
Synergistic antioxidant capacities of vanillin and chitosan nanoparticles against reactive oxygen species, hepatotoxicity, and genotoxicity induced by aging in male Wistar rats
Authors: Al-Baqami NM , Hamza RZ
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effects of both vanillin (V) and chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) in alleviating hepatotoxicity, oxidative injury, and genotoxicity induced by d-galactose (DG) and resulted from aging in male albino rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups (10 rats/group) as follows: control group, (DG) group (100 mg/kg), (V) group (100 mg/kg), CNPs either (low dose (LD) or CNPs (high dose (HD) (140 mg/kg) and (280 mg/kg), and CNPs (LD and HD) dose with V- and DG plus V-treated groups. The CNPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential, and size distribution of nanoparticles. After 60 consecutive days of exposure, some biochemical parameters were measured as hepatic aminotransferases enzymes, lipid profile, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 (IL-6), markers of inflammation, tissue damage lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein (CRP), mitochondrial potential activities, myeloperoxidase, xanthine oxidase, CRP, succinate dehydrogenase, mitochondria membrane potential, malondialdehyde levels and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase), and adenosine triphosphate content with histological, alkaline comet assay, and TEM examination of the hepatic tissues. CNPs showed that size distribution (polydispersity index) 0.350 nm and the zeta potential measurement of CNPs were found to be −14.9 mV which revealed the high stability of CNPs. DG induced biochemical and cellular alterations in the hepatic tissues. CNPs and V synergistically afforded protection against hepatic injury and oxidative stress resulting from aging that was induced by DG. Consequently, CNPs were an effective agent in the drug delivery in the hepatic diseases medications and act as a carrier for V and thus make synergistic effect between CNPs and V that achieved the high antioxidant capacities. CNPs and V improved the hepatic enzymes, which act as anti-inflammatory and antigenotoxicity, and improved the antioxidant capacities in the hepatic tissues.
Automating security infrastructures: Practices, imaginaries, politics
Authors: O’Grady Nathaniel
Published: August 2020

This article contributes to emergent debates in critical security studies that consider the processes and effects that arise where new forms of automated technology begin to guide security practices. It does so through research into public Wi-Fi infrastructure that has started to appear across the globe and its mobilization as a device for warning the public about emergencies. I focus specifically on an iteration of this infrastructure developing in New York called LinkNYC. According to the infrastructure’s operators, the processes that underpin emergency communication have gradually become ‘automated’ to accelerate LinkNYC’s deployment during crises. The article pursues three lines of inquiry to explore the automation of security infrastructure, in turn making three correspondent original contributions to wider debates. First, it unpacks the real-time analytics and platform-based data-sharing techniques cultivated to automate emergency communication. Here, I expand understanding of the new forms of automation now integrated into technologies harnessed for security and their practical effects. These forms of automation, I demonstrate secondly, are situated by those governing into wider imaginaries concerning the transformative promise automation bears. I argue that the proliferation of these imaginaries play a crucial role in justifying and dictating the enrolment of new devices into security. Third, it explores how automation affords private companies the opportunity to exercise discretionary decisionmaking that changes how and when infrastructure should operate during emergencies. Developing this argument, I add new dimensions to debates regarding the political ramifications associated with automation by claiming that automation redistributes authority across the public and private organizations that increasingly coordinate in bringing new technologies to bear in the security domain.
Development of a qPCR for the detection and quantification of Salmonella spp. in sheep feces and tissues
Authors: Parker Alysia M. , Mohler Virginia L. , Gunn Alison A. , House John K.
Published: August 2020

Salmonella spp. are common causes of disease in intensive livestock production systems, and contamination of foodstuffs is of significant concern for public health. Therefore, the identification and quantification of Salmonella spp. is important for monitoring the level of fecal shedding or tissue colonization in infected animals and animal products. We developed and evaluated a quantitative PCR (qPCR) method on spiked sheep tissue and fecal samples for the detection and quantification of Salmonella spp. Without the use of a pre-enrichment step, the qPCR limit of detection (LOD) results for sheep fecal (4 × 104–6 × 103 cfu/g) and tissue (4 × 105–4 × 103 cfu/g) samples were not adequate for detection purposes. With the inclusion of a 6-h pre-enrichment step in buffered peptone water (BPW), the LOD was 9 cfu/g (2.57 × 101 copies/g) in sheep feces, and 5.4 cfu/g (3.22 copies/g) sheep tissue. Comparison of the 6-h BPW qPCR method with a 24-h mannitol–selenite–cystine broth enrichment culture method using spiked samples revealed a sensitivity of 91% and 92%, respectively, and a specificity of 100% for both methods. The correlation was significant between the quantity (copies/mL) of Salmonella spp. in BPW at 6 h and at 0 h, allowing semiquantitative analysis. Our results demonstrate that, following inclusion of a 6-h pre-enrichment step in BPW, qPCR is semiquantitative with improved LODs of Salmonella spp. in sheep fecal and tissue samples.
Disproportionate Corporal Punishment of Students With Disabilities and Black and Hispanic Students
Authors: MacSuga-Gage Ashley S. , Gage Nicholas A. , Katsiyannis Antonis , Hirsch Shanna E. , Kisner Hannah
Published: August 2020

Maintaining a safe and orderly school environment is challenging. In response, some schools resort to aversive punishments, including corporal punishment. Limited research has examined whether corporal punishment is disproportionately administered to certain students, particularly students with disabilities and black and Hispanic students. Therefore, we leveraged the most recent U.S. Department of Education’s Office of Civil Rights data from the 2015–2016 school-year to evaluate disproportionate corporal punishment. We restricted the data to schools that reported at least 10 corporal punishment incidents and calculated risk ratios comparing students with disabilities to students without disabilities, and black and Hispanic students to white students. We then we estimated a series of robust variance estimation metaregression models and found evidence of statistically significant disproportionate corporal punishment administered to students with disabilities and black students. The largest risk ratio was for students with disabilities, indicating that they are much more likely to receive corporal punishment.
“He’s Back so I’m Not Alone”: The Impact of Deep Brain Stimulation on Personality, Self, and Relationships in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Thomson Cassandra J. , Segrave Rebecca A. , Racine Eric , Warren Narelle , Thyagarajan Dominic , Carter Adrian
Published: August 2020

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson’s disease successfully alleviates motor symptoms, but unanticipated changes in personality, self, and relationships can occur. Little is known about how these nonmotor outcomes affect patients and families. We prospectively examined the experience and meaning of DBS-related changes in personality and self for patients and caregivers. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 participants (11 patient–caregiver dyads) before and 9 months after DBS and analyzed using thematic analysis. We identified three themes present prior to DBS that reflected a time of anticipation, while three themes present after DBS reflected a process of adjustment. Participants noted both positive and negative personality changes, with some, but not all, attributing them to the stimulation. The risk of stimulation-related personality change should be weighed against the procedure’s motor benefits and considered in the context of disease- and medication-related personality changes. Clinical implications including perioperative education and follow-up management are discussed.
Adherence and the Moral Construction of the Self: A Narrative Analysis of Anticoagulant Medication
Authors: Hawking Meredith K. D. , Robson John , Taylor Stephanie J. C. , Swinglehurst Deborah
Published: August 2020

In this article, we examine illness narratives to illuminate the discursive work that patients undertake to construct themselves as “good” and adherent. Biographical narrative interviews were undertaken with 17 patients receiving anticoagulation for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation, from five English hospitals (May 2016–June 2017). Through pluralistic narrative analysis, we highlight the discursive tensions narrators face when sharing accounts of their medicine-taking. They undertake challenging linguistic and performative work to reconcile apparently paradoxical positions. We show how the adherent patient is co-constructed through dialogue at the intersection of discourses including authority of doctors, personal responsibility for health, scarcity of resources, and deservingness. We conclude that the notion of medication adherence places a hidden moral and discursive burden of treatment on patients which they must negotiate when invited into conversations about their medications. This discursive work reveals, constitutes, and upholds medicine-taking as a profoundly moral practice.
Professional Interpreters and Vicarious Trauma: An Australian Perspective
Authors: Lai Miranda , Costello Susie
Published: August 2020

This qualitative study is conducted via focus groups with 47 Australian public service interpreters to investigate their responses to vicarious trauma (VT) in their practice, the influence of culture, and their views on how to maintain mental well-being. While participant interpreters employ various strategies to deal with traumatic client content and other work stressors, cultural inhibitors are found to prevent some from sharing their emotional vulnerability or seeking professional help. They indicated that they want to be treated with respect and as part of the professional team, rather than a machine or a shadow. Professional development is needed to clarify the limits of confidentiality, explain trauma and its vicarious possibilities, and to establish interpreters’ professional entitlement to briefing and debriefing. Stakeholders including educators, professional associations, interpreting agencies, and other professions and institutional users of interpreting services should work respectfully and collaboratively to prevent and help interpreters recover from VT.
Skimming the Surface or Digging Deeper: The Role of Emotion in Students’ Reflective Journals During an Experiential Criminal Justice Course
Authors: Wesely Jennifer K.
Published: August 2020

Background: In successful experiential learning, cycling between experience and reflection promotes higher-order thinking skills. Emotions can either help or hinder productive reflection. The role of emotion as it applies to reflection cycles within experiential learning is not well understood, especially in the criminal justice area. Purpose: The research presented in this article examined how students’ emotional reactions shaped their reflection via journal entries and identified key points where these reactions are able to be routed into more developed phases of reflection. Methodology/Approach: Content analysis was used to study five sets of 10 students’ reflective journals during a college course entitled “The Role of Canines in Inmate Rehabilitation.” Findings/Conclusions: The exploratory study yields the themes of “Unpacking Emotions,” which examines emotions that emerged in students’ reflective journals, “Pivot Points” designating critical shifts in thinking, “Failure to Launch” when students were stymied in their reflective process, and “Potential for Action,” which addresses how successful reflection leads to future action. Implications: The ability to incorporate emotions into a more reasoned, critical analysis is essential to successful reflection and transformational learning, which has implications for students’ future in the field as well as their investment in community and society.
Monomorphic Epitheliotropic Intestinal T-cell Lymphoma of the Stomach: Two Case Reports and a Literature Review
Authors: Lu Susu , Zhou Gang , Chen Min , Liu Weiping , Zhao Sha
Published: August 2020

We describe the clinicopathologic and molecular features of 2 cases of gastric monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma (MEITL), which were first diagnosed from gastric biopsies, one was primary whereas the other was gastric involvement by MEITL. Both cases were older men with stomach ulcers. Case 1 was admitted for a hemorrhage in the upper digestive tract and case 2 for edema. Histology of both cases showed infiltrated monomorphic and medium-sized lymphocytes with lymphoid epithelial phenomenon. An inflammatory background and vascular hyperplasia were also observed likely due to the ulceration. Neoplastic cells expressed CD2, CD3, CD7, CD8, CD56, TIA-1, and MYC, not CD5, CD4, Granzyme B, CD20, CD30, TdT, or EBER. Both lymphomas showed TCRG gene rearrangement and c-MYC gains. Moreover, we first affirmed polysomy of chromosome 8 in case 2. For correct diagnosis of this rare tumor at the rare location, it is important that pathologists raise the possibility and exclude other differential diagnoses.