bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel binary matrix consisting of graphene oxide and caffeic acid for the analysis of scutellarin and its metabolites in mouse kidney by MALDI imaging
Authors: Wang Tao , Lee Hin Kiu , Yue Grace Gar Lee , Chung Arthur Chi Kong , Lau Clara Bik San , Cai Zongwei
Published: October 2020

In situlocalization of scutellarin and its metabolites in kidney tissue using MALDI-MSI technique with a new binary matrix mixture of graphene oxide/caffeic acid.
Studying the cellular distribution of highly phototoxic platinated metalloporphyrins using isotope labelling
Authors: Rubbiani Riccardo , Wu Wenyu , Naik Anu , Larocca Michele , Schneider Lukas , Padrutt Roxane , Babu Vipin , König Christiane , Hinger Doris , Maake Caroline , Ferrari Stefano , Gasser Gilles , Spingler Bernhard
Published: October 2020

Transplatin-modification of photosensitizers improves their phototoxic index without increasing their dark toxicity.
Heterogeneous metal alloy engineering: embryonic growth of M13icosahedra in Ag-based alloy superatomic nanoclusters
Authors: Liu Ying , Wang Shuxin , Kang Xi , Yin Bing , Jin Shan , Chen Shuang , Zhu Manzhou
Published: October 2020

Alloying is an effective tool to comprehend the packing mechanism and adjust the properties of nanomaterials.
Cobalt(ii)-catalyzed hydroarylation of 1,3-diynes and internal alkynes with picolinamides promoted by alcohol
Authors: Gao Yuan , Zhang Mengfan , Wang Chaoyu , Yang Zhen , Huang Xianqiang , Feng Ruokun , Qi Chenze
Published: October 2020

The Co(ii)-catalyzed selective C–H alkenylation of picolinamides with 1,3-diynes and internal alkynes for the synthesis of conjugated enynes and alkenyl arenes has been developed. The results of control experiments showed that alcohol was essential for the final protonolysis.
Three in one: atomically dispersed Na boosting the photoreactivity of carbon nitride towards NO oxidation
Authors: Li Xiaofang , Hu Zhao , Li Qin , Lei Ming , Fan Jiajie , Carabineiro Sónia A. C. , Liu Yi , Lv Kangle
Published: October 2020

The incorporation of single atomic Na into carbon nitride can boost the visible photocatalytic activity towards NO oxidation.
A [4+3] annulation of benzofuran-derived azadienes and α-bromohydroxamates for the synthesis of benzofuran-fused 1,4-diazepinones
Authors: Fang Qing-Yun , Zhao Li-Ming
Published: October 2020

A Cs2CO3-mediated formal [4+3] cycloaddition involving benzofuran-derived azadienes (BDAs) and α-bromohydroxamates to afford benzofuran-fused 1,4-diazepinones is established.
Chemical synthesis of ferredoxin with 4 selenocysteine residues using a segment condensation method
Authors: Takei Toshiki , Ando Tomoshige , Takao Toshifumi , Ohnishi Yusuke , Kurisu Genji , Iwaoka Michio , Hojo Hironobu
Published: October 2020

Selenoferredoxin, in which four selenocysteine residues are coordinated to the 2Fe2S cluster, was successfully synthesized using the segment condensation method.
Surface selectivity of Ni3S2toward hydrogen evolution reaction: a first-principles study
Authors: Zhang Bo , Fu Xiuli , Song Li , Wu Xiaojun
Published: October 2020

Exploring materials with high catalytic performance toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is of importance for the development of clean hydrogen energy, and their surface structure is essential for this function.
Distance dependent energy transfer dynamics from a molecular donor to a zeolitic imidazolate framework acceptor
Authors: Hu Wenhui , Yang Fan , Pietraszak Nick , Gu Jing , Huang Jier
Published: October 2020

An ultrathin Al2O3 layer deposited between RuN3 and ZIF-67 by ALD can finely control the energy transfer efficiency between them.
Effects of surface and shear forces on nano-confined smectic-A liquid crystals studied by X-ray diffraction
Authors: Mizukami Masashi , Ohta Noboru , Tomita Kazuhito , Yanagimachi Takuya , Shibuya Yuuta , Yagi Naoto , Kurihara Kazue
Published: October 2020

The orientational behavior of a smectic-A liquid crystal (4-cyano-4′-octylbiphenyl, 8CB) confined between mica surfaces as well as between silica surfaces with a nanometer scale thickness was investigated by synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurement.
Strain effects in core–shell PtCo nanoparticles: a comparison of experimental observations and computational modelling
Authors: Ellaby Tom , Varambhia Aakash , Luo Xiaonan , Briquet Ludovic , Sarwar Misbah , Ozkaya Dogan , Thompsett David , Nellist Peter D. , Skylaris Chris-Kriton
Published: October 2020

A per layer assessment of nanoparticle strain in Pt3Co nanoparticlesviaa combination of atomic resolution microscopy and computational modelling.
Sequential and direct multicomponent reaction (MCR)-based dearomatization strategies
Authors: Sharma Upendra K. , Ranjan Prabhat , Van der Eycken Erik V. , You Shu-Li
Published: October 2020

This review focuses on the comprehensive understanding of the different multicomponent reaction (MCR) cascades involving dearomatization as the characteristic step.
Lanthanoid pyridyl-β-diketonate ‘triangles’. New examples of single molecule toroics
Authors: Caporale Chiara , Sobolev Alexandre N. , Phonsri Wasinee , Murray Keith S. , Swain Abinash , Rajaraman Gopalan , Ogden Mark I. , Massi Massimiliano , Fuller Rebecca O.
Published: October 2020

Trinuclear lanthanoid clusters have been synthesised and investigated as toroidal spin systems.
Copper(i) and silver(i) complexes of anthraldehyde thiosemicarbazone: synthesis, structure elucidation, in vitro anti-tuberculosis/cytotoxic activity and interactions with DNA/HSA
Authors: Khan Ashiq , Paul Kamaldeep , Singh Iqubal , Jasinski Jerry P. , Smolenski Victoria A. , Hotchkiss Ethan P. , Kelley Patrick T. , Shalit Zachary A. , Kaur Manpreet , Banerjee Somesh , Roy Partha , Sharma Rekha
Published: October 2020

Complex of copper(i) bromide with 9-anthraldehyde thiosemicarbazones displayed strong interactions with ct-DNA and HSA having binding constant values of 6.66 × 104 M−1 and 3.28 × 104 M−1.
Identifying geologic characteristics and operational decisions to meet global carbon sequestration goals
Authors: Middleton Richard S. , Ogland-Hand Jonathan D. , Chen Bailian , Bielicki Jeffrey M. , Ellett Kevin M. , Harp Dylan R. , Kammer Ryan M.
Published: October 2020

Meeting global energy and environmental targets requires a new understanding of the science of large-scale injection and storage of CO2.
Present status of hybrid materials for potable water decontamination: a review
Authors: Basu Hirakendu , Saha Sudeshna , Kailasa Suresh Kumar , Singhal Rakesh Kumar
Published: October 2020

Review on hybrid materials: types, synthesis strategies, present status of application for water decontamination from laboratory to industrial scale.
Hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived phenolics – a review on the active sites of supported metal catalysts
Authors: Wang Xinchao , Arai Masahiko , Wu Qifan , Zhang Chao , Zhao Fengyu
Published: October 2020

This article mainly reviews the state-of-the-art achievements of supported metal catalysts and the characteristics and actions of their active sites, working in the reactions involved in HDO of lignin-derived phenolic compounds.
Exploring the structure evolution of MoS2 upon Li/Na/K ion insertion and the origin of the unusual stability in potassium ion batteries
Authors: Du Xiaoqiong , Guo Xuyun , Huang Jiaqiang , Lu Ziheng , Tan Hong , Huang Jian-Qiu , Zhu Ye , Zhang Biao
Published: October 2020

The phase transformation of MoS2 upon Li, Na, and K ion insertion is systematically explored. The exceptional stability associated with K ion uptake is revealed through complementary experimental and theoretical studies.
Study on the interactions of pyrimidine derivatives with FAK by 3D-QSAR, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Sun Chuan-ce , Feng Li-jun , Sun Xiao-hua , Yu Ri-lei , Chu Yan-yan , Kang Cong-min
Published: October 2020

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a kind of tyrosine kinase that modulates integrin and growth factor signaling pathways.
Needle stochastic sensors for on-site fast recognition and quantification of biomarkers for gastric cancer in biological samples
Authors: Stefan-van Staden Raluca-Ioana , Ilie-Mihai Ruxandra-Maria , Pogacean Florina , Pruneanu Stela Maria
Published: October 2020

N-Doped graphenes recognised CA19-9, CEA, and p53 in biological samples.
Facile preparation of a superamphiphobic fabric coating with hierarchical TiO2 particles
Authors: Ai Jixin , Guo Zhiguang
Published: October 2020

A functional superamphiphobic fabric coating with hierarchical TiO2 composite particles and inorganic adhesives displays excellent mechanical robustness, good chemical stability and self-healing property by a simple spraying method.
Colorimetric assay for the sensitive detection of phosphate in water based on metal–organic framework nanospheres possessing catalytic activity
Authors: Wang Jiayan , Li Wenying , Zheng Yue-Qing
Published: October 2020

For the first time, the inhibition of the catalytic activity of Cu-MOF caused by phosphate was used for phosphate detection.
Synthesis and luminescence studies of lanthanide complexes (Gd, Tb, Dy) with phenyl- and 2-pyridylthiolates supported by a bulky β-diketiminate ligand. Impact of the ligand environment on terbium(iii) emission
Authors: Mironova Olga A. , Ryadun Aleksey A. , Sukhikh Taisiya S. , Konchenko Sergey N. , Pushkarevsky Nikolay A.
Published: October 2020

Structure-dependent photoluminescence was studied for lanthanide complexes with widespread Nacnac ligands, supplemented by thiolates; notable antenna properties of the latter are revealed.
Multi-layer assembly of cellulose nanofibrils in a microfluidic device for the selective capture and release of viable tumor cells from whole blood
Authors: Kumar Tharagan , Soares Ruben R. G. , Ali Dholey Leyla , Ramachandraiah Harisha , Aval Negar Abbasi , Aljadi Zenib , Pettersson Torbjörn , Russom Aman
Published: October 2020

A microfluidic device modified with a layer-by-layer assembly of cellulose nanofibrils allows efficient capture and enzymatic release of tumor cells.
Reframing primary alkyl amines as aliphatic building blocks
Authors: Berger Kathleen J. , Levin Mark D.
Published: October 2020

This review covers recent and historical aliphatic deaminative functionalization reactions to encourage the use of primary amines as aliphatic building blocks.
Metal-free benzoylation of imidazoheterocycles by oxidative decarboxylation of arylglyoxylic acids
Authors: Jaspal Sonam , Shinde Vikki N. , Meena Neha , Nipate Dhananjay S. , Rangan Krishnan , Kumar Anil
Published: October 2020

A simple and straightforward approach has been realized for the direct benzoylation of imidazoheterocycles by oxidative decarboxylation of arylglyoxylic acids in the presence of K2S2O8 as an oxidant.
Copper and manganese co-mediated cascade aza-Michael addition/cyclization and azidation of 1,3-enynes: regioselective synthesis of fully substituted azido pyrroles
Authors: Ge Junying , Ding Qiuping , Yang Man , He Tian , Peng Yiyuan
Published: October 2020

A Cu and Mn co-mediated aerobic oxidative cyclization and azidation reaction of 1,3-enynes with amines and trimethylsilyl azide has been developed to synthesize fully substituted azido pyrroles.
Deuteration versus ethylation – strategies to improve the metabolic fate of an 18F-labeled celecoxib derivative
Authors: Laube Markus , Gassner Cemena , Neuber Christin , Wodtke Robert , Ullrich Martin , Haase-Kohn Cathleen , Löser Reik , Köckerling Martin , Kopka Klaus , Kniess Torsten , Hey-Hawkins Evamarie , Pietzsch Jens
Published: October 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of deuteration and elongation on an 18F-labeled COX-2 inhibitor with focus on metabolic stability to develop suitable COX-2 targeting radiotracers.
Investigation of the emission control of sulfur trioxide aerosols based on heterogeneous condensation and the deflectors tray of the desulfurization tower
Authors: Zhang Rui , Si Xiaodong , Zhao Lingling , Yang Linjun , Wu Hao
Published: October 2020

In this paper, control over the emission of sulfur trioxide aerosols was investigated based on heterogeneous condensation in the wet flue gas desulfurization process.
A smart use of biomass derivatives to template an ad hoc hierarchical SAPO-5 acid catalyst
Authors: Mariatti Francesco , Miletto Ivana , Paul Geo , Marchese Leonardo , Tabasso Silvia , Manzoli Maela , Cravotto Giancarlo , Gianotti Enrica
Published: October 2020

Hierarchical SAPO-5 catalyst was synthesised using biomass-derived sugars as sustainable mesoporogens and tested in the conversion of glucose into 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural.
Effective methods for the synthesis of hydrazones, quinazolines, and Schiff bases: reaction monitoring using a chemometric approach
Authors: Pisk Jana , Đilović Ivica , Hrenar Tomica , Cvijanović Danijela , Pavlović Gordana , Vrdoljak Višnja
Published: October 2020

We compare different routes to prepare hydrazones, quinazolines, and hydrazone-Schiff bases: solution-based, vapor-mediated, mechanochemical, and solid-state melt synthesis.
Micron-sized SiOx/N-doped carbon composite spheres fabricated with biomass chitosan for high-performance lithium-ion battery anodes
Authors: Liu Dajin , Jiang Zhipeng , Zhang Wei , Ma Jingqi , Xie Jia
Published: October 2020

Chitosan is employed as a carbon precursor to fabricate micron-scale interconnected SiOx/NC spheres that exhibit excellent lithium storage performance.
Potential mechanism of action ofIxeris sonchifoliaextract injection against cardiovascular diseases revealed by combination of HPLC-Q-TOF-MS, virtual screening and systems pharmacology approach
Authors: Xie Rongfang , Liu Zhenzhen , Lin Zuan , Shi Peiying , Chen Bing , Li Shaoguang , Li Guangwen , Huang Liying , Lin Xinhua , Yao Hong
Published: October 2020

Ixeris sonchifoliaextract injection, a Chinese medicine preparation named as Kudiezi injection (KDZI) in China, has been widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in recent years.
Characterization of organophosphatic brachiopod shells: spectroscopic assessment of collagen matrix and biomineral components
Authors: Agbaje Oluwatoosin B. A. , George Simon C. , Zhang Zhifei , Brock Glenn A. , Holmer Lars E.
Published: October 2020

The shells of linguloid brachiopods such asLingulaandDisciniscaare inorganic–organic nanocomposites with a mineral phase of calcium phosphate (Ca-phosphate).
Higher-order structural characterisation of native proteins and complexes by top-down mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhou Mowei , Lantz Carter , Brown Kyle A. , Ge Ying , Paša-Tolić Ljiljana , Loo Joseph A. , Lermyte Frederik
Published: October 2020

Top-down mass spectrometry techniques break up native proteins and complexes to reveal all levels of structural information.
Simulations of structure formation by confined dipolar active particles
Authors: Telezki Vitali , Klumpp Stefan
Published: October 2020

Simulations show that the structures formed by active dipolar particles depend on confinement geometry and wall interactions.
LaTiO2N crystallographic orientation control significantly increases visible-light induced charge extraction
Authors: Burns Eric , Aschauer Ulrich , Döbeli Max , Schneider Christof W. , Pergolesi Daniele , Lippert Thomas
Published: October 2020

Visible-light induced photocharge extraction in LaTiO2N photoanodes increases by a significant 30% between (001) and (011) oriented thin-film samples.
Iron-regulated NiPS for enhanced oxygen evolution efficiency
Authors: Peng Wenfeng , Li Junkai , Shen Kangqi , Zheng Lirong , Tang Hu , Gong Yutong , Zhou Junshuang , Chen Ning , Zhao Shijing , Chen Mingyang , Gao Faming , Gou Huiyang
Published: October 2020

High-purity pyrite iron nickel monophosphosulfides (Ni1−xFexPS,x= 0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) were synthesized as efficient OER catalysts for the first time by a clean high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) technique.
Efficient near-infrared anionic conjugated polyelectrolyte for photothermal therapy
Authors: Hu Liwen , Chen Zikang , Su Xiaozhe , Liu Yanshan , Guo Ting , Liu Ruiyuan , Tian Bishan , Wang Chunxiao , Ying Lei
Published: October 2020

An anionic conjugated polyelectrolyte with photothermal conversion efficiency of 56.7% completely inhibited the growth of tumor in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice.
Sequential installation of Fe(ii) complexes in MOFs: towards the design of solvatochromic porous solids
Authors: Moreau Florian , Marrot Jérôme , Banse Frédéric , Serre Christian , Tissot Antoine
Published: October 2020

The sequential installation of Fe(ii) complexes in robust metal–organic frameworks led to solvatochromic porous solids for alcohol sensing.
Mechanochromic luminescent materials of bimetallic Cu(i) complexes showing thermally activated delayed fluorescence
Authors: Chen Xing-Wei , He Li-Hua , Ju Peng , Chen Jing-Lin , Liu Sui-Jun , Wen He-Rui
Published: October 2020

Reversible mechanochromism is related to the breaking and restoring of hydrogen-bonding and luminescence color is tunableviathe substituent.
Identification of an l-serine/l-threonine dehydratase with glutamate racemase activity in mammals
Authors: Katane Masumi , Nakasako Kento , Yako Kanato , Saitoh Yasuaki , Sekine Masae , Homma Hiroshi
Published: October 2020

Recent investigations have shown that multiple d-amino acids are present in mammals and these compounds have distinctive physiological functions. Free d-glutamate is present in various mammalian tissues and cells and in particular, it is presumably correlated with cardiac function, and much interest is growing in its unique metabolic pathways. Recently, we first identified d-glutamate cyclase as its degradative enzyme in mammals, whereas its biosynthetic pathway in mammals is unclear. Glutamate racemase is a most probable candidate, which catalyzes interconversion between d-glutamate and l-glutamate. Here, we identified the cDNA encoding l-serine dehydratase-like (SDHL) as the first mammalian clone with glutamate racemase activity. This rat SDHL had been deposited in mammalian databases as a protein of unknown function and its amino acid sequence shares ∼60% identity with that of l-serine dehydratase. Rat SDHL was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the enzymatic properties of the recombinant were characterized. The results indicated that rat SDHL is a multifunctional enzyme with glutamate racemase activity in addition to l-serine/l-threonine dehydratase activity. This clone is hence abbreviated as STDHgr. Further experiments using cultured mammalian cells confirmed that d-glutamate was synthesized and l-serine and l-threonine were decomposed. It was also found that SDHL (STDHgr) contributes to the homeostasis of several other amino acids.
Calpain-2 participates in the process of calpain-1 inactivation
Authors: Shinkai-Ouchi Fumiko , Shindo Mayumi , Doi Naoko , Hata Shoji , Ono Yasuko
Published: October 2020

Calpain-1 and calpain-2 are highly structurally similar isoforms of calpain. The calpains, a family of intracellular cysteine proteases, cleave their substrates at specific sites, thus modifying their properties such as function or activity. These isoforms have long been considered to function in a redundant or complementary manner, as they are both ubiquitously expressed and activated in a Ca2+- dependent manner. However, studies using isoform-specific knockout and knockdown strategies revealed that each calpain species carries out specific functions in vivo. To understand the mechanisms that differentiate calpain-1 and calpain-2, we focused on the efficiency and longevity of each calpain species after activation. Using an in vitro proteolysis assay of troponin T in combination with mass spectrometry, we revealed distinctive aspects of each isoform. Proteolysis mediated by calpain-1 was more sustained, lasting as long as several hours, whereas proteolysis mediated by calpain-2 was quickly blunted. Calpain-1 and calpain-2 also differed from each other in their patterns of autolysis. Calpain-2–specific autolysis sites in its PC1 domain are not cleaved by calpain-1, but calpain-2 cuts calpain-1 at the corresponding position. Moreover, at least in vitro, calpain-1 and calpain-2 do not perform substrate proteolysis in a synergistic manner. On the contrary, calpain-1 activity is suppressed in the presence of calpain-2, possibly because it is cleaved by the latter protein. These results suggest that calpain-2 functions as a down-regulation of calpain-1, a mechanism that may be applicable to other calpain species as well.
Emerging mass spectrometry-based proteomics methodologies for novel biomedical applications
Authors: Pino Lindsay K. , Rose Jacob , O'Broin Amy , Shah Samah , Schilling Birgit
Published: October 2020

Research into the basic biology of human health and disease, as well as translational human research and clinical applications, all benefit from the growing accessibility and versatility of mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics. Although once limited in throughput and sensitivity, proteomic studies have quickly grown in scope and scale over the last decade due to significant advances in instrumentation, computational approaches, and bio-sample preparation. Here, we review these latest developments in MS and highlight how these techniques are used to study the mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of human diseases. We first describe recent groundbreaking technological advancements for MS-based proteomics, including novel data acquisition techniques and protein quantification approaches. Next, we describe innovations that enable the unprecedented depth of coverage in protein signaling and spatiotemporal protein distributions, including studies of post-translational modifications, protein turnover, and single-cell proteomics. Finally, we explore new workflows to investigate protein complexes and structures, and we present new approaches for protein–protein interaction studies and intact protein or top-down MS. While these approaches are only recently incipient, we anticipate that their use in biomedical MS proteomics research will offer actionable discoveries for the improvement of human health.
The PAR-1 antagonist vorapaxar ameliorates kidney injury and tubulointerstitial fibrosis
Authors: Lok Sarah W.Y. , Yiu Wai Han , Li Hongyu , Xue Rui , Zou Yixin , Li Bin , Chan Kam Wa , Chan Loretta Y.Y. , Leung Joseph C.K. , Lai Kar Neng , Tang Sydney C.W.
Published: October 2020

Protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 has emerged as a key profibrotic player in various organs including kidney. PAR-1 activation leads to deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the tubulointerstitium and induction of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) during renal fibrosis. We tested the anti-fibrotic potential of vorapaxar, a clinically approved PAR-1 antagonist for cardiovascular protection, in an experimental kidney fibrosis model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and an AKI-to-chronic kidney disease (CKD) transition model of unilateral ischemia–reperfusion injury (UIRI), and dissected the underlying renoprotective mechanisms using rat tubular epithelial cells. PAR-1 is activated mostly in the renal tubules in both the UUO and UIRI models of renal fibrosis. Vorapaxar significantly reduced kidney injury and ameliorated morphologic changes in both models. Amelioration of kidney fibrosis was evident from down-regulation of fibronectin (Fn), collagen and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) in the injured kidney. Mechanistically, inhibition of PAR-1 inhibited MAPK ERK1/2 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-mediated Smad signaling, and suppressed oxidative stress, overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and macrophage infiltration into the kidney. These beneficial effects were recapitulated in cultured tubular epithelial cells in which vorapaxar ameliorated thrombin- and hypoxia-induced TGF-β expression and ECM accumulation. In addition, vorapaxar mitigated capillary loss and the expression of adhesion molecules on the vascular endothelium during AKI-to-CKD transition. The PAR-1 antagonist vorapaxar protects against kidney fibrosis during UUO and UIRI. Its efficacy in human CKD in addition to CV protection warrants further investigation.
The role of DNA damage response in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Sun Yu , Curle Annabel J. , Haider Arshad M. , Balmus Gabriel
Published: October 2020

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly disabling and fatal neurodegenerative disease. Due to insufficient disease-modifying treatments, there is an unmet and urgent need for elucidating disease mechanisms that occur early and represent common triggers in both familial and sporadic ALS. Emerging evidence suggests that impaired DNA damage response contributes to age-related somatic accumulation of genomic instability and can trigger or accelerate ALS pathological manifestations. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent studies indicating a direct link between DNA damage response and ALS. Further mechanistic understanding of the role genomic instability is playing in ALS disease pathophysiology will be critical for discovering new therapeutic avenues.
Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Patients With Poststroke Aphasia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Its Effect Upon Communication
Authors: Yao Liqun , Zhao Hongjia , Shen Cuiling , Liu Fang , Qiu Li , Fu Lisang
Published: October 2020

Objective

The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) in patients with poststroke aphasia.

Method

We comprehensively searched for eligible studies from 11 electronic medical databases from their inception to February 20, 2019. Randomized controlled trials reporting the effectiveness of LF-rTMS for patients with poststroke aphasia were included. The primary outcome was language ability. The secondary outcomes were functional communication and adverse events. The methodological quality of the randomized controlled trials was evaluated by the Cochrane Back Review Group Risk of Bias Assessment Criteria.

Results

Of the 567 records retrieved, 18 studies with a total of 536 participants were included. All the included studies were of relatively acceptable methodological quality. All studies but one used LF-rTMS + speech and language therapy (SLT), not LF-rTMS alone. The meta-analysis showed that LF-rTMS had beneficial effects for patients with aphasia after a stroke in terms of naming, repetition, comprehension, written language, and functional communication. The subgroup analyses of language performance showed positive effects of LF-rTMS among stroke patients with chronic aphasia and acute aphasia. LF-rTMS + SLT had effects on language performance that were superior to the sham rTMS + SLT and SLT alone. A shorter LF-rTMS duration benefited language performance more than a longer duration. Additionally, 20 min of LF-rTMS per session produced a positive effect on language ability for patients with aphasia after a stroke. No adverse events were reported.

Conclusions

LF-rTMS + SLT is an effective and safe method for patients with poststroke aphasia to improve their language performance. Additionally, the most commonly used LF-rTMS protocol for patients with aphasia after a stroke was 90% of the resting motor threshold 20 min per day, 5 days per week, for 2 weeks.
Guaranteed cost sliding mode control of Markovian jump Lur'e systems under Round‐Robin protocol
Authors: Cao Zhiru , Niu Yugang , Zhao Haijuan , Jia Tinggang
Published: October 2020

This study copes with the guaranteed cost problem for a class of Markovian jump Lur'e systems via sliding mode control technique, in which the scheduling of controller signals towards the actuators is regulated by the Round‐Robin protocol. This means that at each transmission instant, only one actuator node can access the transmission network and the other actuators cannot obtain any new control information. In order to deal with this phenomenon, an updating rule as compensator is proposed, based on which the other actuators utilise the past control signals stored in the corresponding buffers. Then, a mode‐token‐dependent sliding mode controller is designed, in which the characteristic of the Lur'e non‐linearities is involved. Furthermore, by introducing a new token‐dependent Lur'e‐type Lyapunov function, the stochastic stability of the resultant closed‐loop systems is analysed, and the guaranteed cost performance is attained. Finally, a dynamic Leontief input–output model is adopted to illustrate the proposed method.
Power system state estimation using conditional generative adversarial network
Authors: He Yi , Chai Songjian , Xu Zhao , Lai Chun Sing , Xu Xu
Published: October 2020

Accurate power system state estimation (SE) is essential for power system control, optimisation, and security analyses. In this work, a model‐free and fully data‐driven approach was proposed for power system static SE based on a conditional generative adversarial network (GAN). Comparing with the conventional SE approach, i.e. weighted least square (WLS) based methods, any appropriate knowledge of the system model is not required in the proposed method. Without knowing the specific model, GAN can learn the inherent physics of underlying state variables purely relying on historic samples. Once the model has been trained, it can estimate the corresponding system state accurately given the system raw measurements, which are sometimes characterised by incompletions and corruptions in addition to noises. Case studies on the IEEE 118‐bus system and a 2746‐bus Polish system validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, and the mean absolute error is <1.2 × 10−3 and 5.3 × 10−3 rad for voltage magnitude and phase angle, respectively, which indicates a high potential for practical applications.
Compensation of motion coupling effect in AFM imaging
Authors: Rana Md Sohel , Pota Hemanshu R. , Petersen Ian R.
Published: October 2020

The acquisition of a high‐quality imaging performance by an atomic force microscope is significantly influenced by the motion coupling effect of its key scanning unit, i.e. its piezoelectric tube scanner. In this Letter, to improve its performance, a MIMO model predictive control scheme for reducing this effect is proposed. The proposed controller achieves this by greatly overcoming the problem of tilted characters in the atomic force microscopy (AFM) scanned images. The experimental results are demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed control technique.
First sample of N2H+ nitrogen isotopic ratio measurements in low-mass protostars
Authors: Redaelli E. , Bizzocchi L. , Caselli P.
Published: October 2020

Context. The nitrogen isotopic ratio is considered an important diagnostic tool of the star formation process, and N2H+ is particularly important because it is directly linked to molecular nitrogen N2. However, theoretical models still do not provide an exhaustive explanation for the observed 14N/15N values.

Aims. Recent theoretical works suggest that the 14N/15N behaviour is dominated by two competing reactions that destroy N2H+: dissociative recombination and reaction with CO. When CO is depleted from the gas phase, if the N2H+ recombination rate is lower with respect to that for N15NH+, the rarer isotopologue is destroyed more quickly. In prestellar cores, due to a combination of low temperatures and high densities, most CO is frozen in ices onto the dust grains, leading to high levels of depletion. On the contrary, in protostellar cores, where temperature are higher, CO ices evaporate back to the gas phase. This implies that the N2H+ isotopic ratio in protostellar cores should be lower than that in prestellar cores, and consistent with the elemental value of ≈440. We aim to test this hypothesis, producing the first sample of N2H+∕N15NH+ measurements in low-mass protostars.

Methods. We observe the N2H+ and N15NH+ lowest rotational transition towards six young stellar objects in the Perseus and Taurus molecular clouds. We model the spectra with a custom python code using a constant Tex approach to fit the observations. We discuss in the Appendix the validity of this hypothesis. The derived column densities are used to compute the nitrogen isotopic ratios.

Results. Our analysis yields an average of 14N/15N|pro = 420 ± 15 in the protostellar sample. This is consistent with the protosolar value of 440, and significantly lower than the average value previously obtained in a sample of prestellar objects.

Conclusions. Our results are in agreement with the hypothesis that, when CO is depleted from the gas-phase, dissociative recombinations with free electrons destroy N15NH+ faster than N2H+, leading to high isotopic ratios in prestellar cores where carbon monoxide is frozen onto dust grains.
Burgers fluid flow in perspective of Buongiorno’s model with improved heat and mass flux theory for stretching cylinder
Authors: Iqbal Zahoor , Khan Masood , Ahmed Awais
Published: October 2020

In this study, an effort is made to model the thermal conduction and mass diffusion phenomena in perspective of Buongiorno’s model and Cattaneo-Christov theory for 2D flow of magnetized Burgers nanofluid due to stretching cylinder. Moreover, the impacts of Joule heating and heat source are also included to investigate the heat flow mechanism. Additionally, mass diffusion process in flow of nanofluid is examined by employing the influence of chemical reaction. Mathematical modelling of momentum, heat and mass diffusion equations is carried out in mathematical formulation section of the manuscript. Homotopy analysis method (HAM) in Wolfram Mathematica is utilized to analyze the effects of physical dimensionless constants on flow, temperature and solutal distributions of Burgers nanofluid. Graphical results are depicted and physically justified in results and discussion section. At the end of the manuscript the section of closing remarks is also included to highlight the main findings of this study. It is revealed that an escalation in thermal relaxation time constant leads to ascend the temperature curves of nanofluid. Additionally, depreciation is assessed in mass diffusion process due to escalating amount of thermophoretic force constant.
Equines Choriongonadotropin: Biologie und veterinärmedizinische Bedeutung
Authors: Schuler Gerhard
Published: October 2020

Die hypophysären Gonadotropine follikelstimulierendes Hormon (FSH) und luteinisierendes Hormon (LH) spielen eine zentrale Rolle bei der Steuerung der Gonadenfunktionen. Daher ist ihr Einsatz in der Therapie von Fruchtbarkeitsstörungen (z. B. Azyklie) sowie in der Biotechnologie (z. B. Superovulation, Hormonprogramme zur Zyklussynchronisation) prinzipiell von hohem Interesse. Präparationen von FSH bzw. LH sind aufgrund der aufwendigen Gewinnung aus Hypophysengewebe relativ teuer und daher besonderen Anwendungen vorbehalten. Bei Primaten- und Equidenarten wurde die Expression eines LH-ähnlichen Moleküls im Chorionepithel nachgewiesen (Choriongonadotropin, CG). Equines CG (eCG) weist außer bei Equiden, bei denen es ausschließlich an LH-Rezeptoren bindet, bei allen bei uns üblichen Haussäugetierspezies neben seiner LH-Aktivität eine außerordentlich hohe FSH-Aktivität auf („duale Wirkung“). Seit seiner Markteinführung kommt ihm daher eine hohe Bedeutung als vergleichsweise kostengünstiges FSH-Analogon vorwiegend zur Anwendung bei Wiederkäuern und Schwein zu. Im Gegensatz zu dem als LH-Analogon eingesetzten humanen CG (hCG), das nicht invasiv aus dem Urin schwangerer Frauen isoliert werden kann, muss die Gewinnung von eCG aus dem Blut trächtiger Spenderstuten erfolgen, da im Urin nur minimale eCG-Konzentrationen vorliegen. Nach Berichten über Todesfälle und Leiden von Spenderstuten im Zusammenhang mit der eCG-Gewinnung in südamerikanischen Haltungen ist das derzeitige Verfahren der eCG-Produktion zunehmend in die öffentliche Kritik geraten, was zuletzt in Forderungen nach einem generellen Verbot mündete. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist daher, den aktuellen Kenntnisstand zu Eigenschaften und Biologie dieses auch aus Sicht der Grundlagenwissenschaft hochinteressanten Moleküls kurz zusammenzufassen.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gastrointestinal endoscopy in the Netherlands: analysis of a prospective endoscopy database
Authors: Lantinga Marten A. , Theunissen Felix , ter Borg Pieter C. J. , Bruno Marco J. , Ouwendijk Rob J. T. , Siersema Peter D. ,   on behalf of the Trans.IT foundation study group
Published: October 2020

Background COVID-19 has dramatically affected gastrointestinal endoscopy practice. We aimed to investigate its impact on procedure types, indications, and findings.

Methods We retrospectively analyzed endoscopies performed in 15 Dutch hospitals by comparing periods 15 March to 25 June of 2019 and 2020 using the prospective Trans.IT database.

Results During lockdown in 2020, 9776 patients underwent endoscopy compared with 19 296 in 2019. Gastroscopies decreased by 57 % (from 7846 to 4467) and colonoscopies by 45 % (from 12219 to 5609), whereas endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography volumes remained comparable (from 578 to 522). Although endoscopy results indicative of cancer decreased (from 524 to 340), the likelihood of detecting cancer during endoscopy increased (2.7 % [95 % confidence interval (CI) 2.5 – 3.0] in 2019 versus 3.5 % [95 %CI 3.1 – 3.9] in 2020; P < 0.001). After lifting of lockdown, endoscopy volumes started to return to normal, except for colorectal cancer screening.

Conclusions Fewer endoscopies were performed during the COVID-19 lockdown, leading to a significant reduction in the absolute detection of cancer. Endoscopies increased rapidly after lockdown, except for colorectal cancer screening.
Determining the Relative Configuration of Propargyl Cyclopropanes by Co-Crystallization
Authors: Richert Clemens , Krupp Felix , Picher Marie-Idrissa , Frey Wolfgang , Plietker Bernd
Published: October 2020

Determining the diastereoselectivity of new synthetic mo­lecules can be a challenge when NMR methods fail and the compounds are difficult to crystallize. Encapsulating organic crystals can be used to overcome this challenge. Here we show that the diastereomeric confi­guration of racemic mixtures of propargyl cyclopropanes can be determined by co-crystallization with 1,3,5,7-tetrakis(2-bromo-4-methoxyphenyl)adamantane and X-ray crystallography. Three crystal structures are reported that unambiguously identify the products of Fe-catalyzed cyclopropanations as cis- or trans-isomers. These findings expand the scope of co-crystallization with tetraaryladamantanes as a method to determine the stereochemical configuration of organic molecules that are difficult to crystallize by themselves.
Recent Developments in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Enamides
Authors: Phansavath Phannarath , Ratovelomanana-Vidal Virginie , Ponra Sudipta , Boudet Bernard
Published: October 2020

The catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of prochiral olefins is one of the most widely studied and utilized transformations in asymmetric synthesis. This straightforward, atom economical, inherently direct and sustainable strategy induces chirality in a broad range of substrates and is widely relevant for both industrial applications and academic research. In addition, the asymmetric hydrogenation of enamides has been widely used for the synthesis of chiral amines and their derivatives. In this review, we summarize the recent work in this field, focusing on the development of new catalytic systems and on the extension of these asymmetric reductions to new classes of enamides.

1 Introduction

2 Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Trisubstituted Enamides

2.1 Ruthenium Catalysts

2.2 Rhodium Catalysts

2.3 Iridium Catalysts

2.4 Nickel Catalysts

2.5 Cobalt Catalysts

3 Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Tetrasubstituted Enamides

3.1 Ruthenium Catalysts

3.2 Rhodium Catalysts

3.3 Nickel Catalysts

4 Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Terminal Enamides

4.1 Rhodium Catalysts

4.2 Cobalt Catalysts

5 Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Miscellaneous Enamides

6 Conclusions
Biobased Spiroimides from Itaconic Acid and Formamides: Molecular Targets for a Novel Synthetic Application of Renewable Chemicals
Authors: Andrade Leandro Helgueira , Hornink Milene Macedo , Lopes Alice Uva
Published: October 2020

Spiroimides exhibit a wide range of biological activities, such as anticonvulsant, antiarrhythmic, and antihyperglycemic activities. Herein, a novel synthetic application of renewable chemicals, itaconic acid and formamides, is described. Proper exploitation of the reactivity of itaconic acid and formamide allows for the development of an efficient synthetic approach for the production of several new biobased spiroimides, spiro[dihydroquinolin-2-one-succinimides] and spiro[indolin-2-one-glutarimides], in excellent overall yields (up to 98%).
Evaluation of Interexaminer Variability in Video Head Impulse Test Results
Authors: Mutlu Başak , Cesur Sıdıka , Topçu Merve Torun , Geçici Cennet Reyyan , Aşkın Öyküm Esra , Derinsu Emine Ufuk
Published: October 2020

Abstract Objective The video head impulse test (vHIT) is a diagnostic tool to assess the function of the semicircular canals and branches of the vestibular nerve. The aim of this study was to analyze the interexaminer variability of vHIT results in healthy subjects.
Materials and Methods A total of 21 healthy participants were included in the study. vHIT responses were collected by four clinicians. Variability of the vHIT results between examiners was analyzed statistically. Results The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) velocity
regression values were from 0.99 to 1.09 degrees per second for the lateral canals. For the vertical canals, VOR velocity regression values were from 0.87 to 1.21 degrees per second. According to repeated measures analysis of variance, the normality assumptions for the velocity
regression of the left lateral canal (p = 0.002) and the right anterior canal (p < 0.01) were met and the differences were statistically significant. The normality assumptions were not met for 40, 60, and 80 ms median gain of the right lateral
canal (p = 0.016, p = 0.038, and p = 0.001, respectively); 40 and 60 ms median gain of the left lateral canal (p < 0.001 and p = 0.008, respectively); and the velocity regression
of the left posterior canal (p < 0.00). These differences were found to be statistically significant by using the Friedman test. Conclusion The interexaminer differences of the VOR gain values for the vHIT were statistically significant. Serial vHIT
testing should be performed by the same examiner to reduce the effects of interexaminer variability.
Predictive Value of Alvarado Score and Pediatric Appendicitis Score in the Success of Nonoperative Management for Simple Acute Appendicitis in Children
Authors: Fuhrer Audelia Eshel , Sukhotnik Igor , Ben-Shahar Yoav , Weinberg Mark , Koppelmann Tal
Published: October 2020

Introduction During the past decade, nonoperative management (NOM) for simple acute appendicitis (SAA) in children has been proven safe with noninferior complications rate. The aim of this study was to examine Alvarado score and pediatric appendicitis score (PAS) together with other factors in predicting failure of NOM in children presenting with SAA.

Materials and Methods Patients aged 5 to 18 years admitted to our department between 2017 and 2019 diagnosed with SAA were given a choice between surgical management and NOM. We divided the NOM patients into two groups: successful treatment and failed NOM, comparing their files for Alvarado score and PAS and other clinical and demographic factors, with a mean follow-up of 7 months. Failure was determined as need for appendectomy following conservative treatment due to any reason.

Results A total of 85 patients answered criteria and chose NOM. Overall failure rate was 32.9%. We found no difference in the mean Alvarado score and PAS as well as in each component of both scores between success and failed NOM groups. However, when using the risk classification of the scores, we found a significant correlation between high-risk Alvarado score and failed NOM. After adjusting for age, gender, duration of symptoms, diagnosis of tip appendicitis, and presence of appendicolith, the odds of failure were four times higher among high-risk Alvarado group.

Conclusion Alvarado score of 7 or higher, older age, and diagnosis of an appendicolith on imaging are possible predictors for failure of NOM for SAA in children.
The Dental, Oral, Medical Epidemiological (DOME) Study: Protocol and Study Methods
Authors: Almoznino Galit , Kedem Ron , Turgeman Ronit , Bader Tarif , Yavnai Nirit , Zur Dorit , Shay Boaz
Published: October 2020

Objectives To develop and present the methods utilized for the Dental, Oral, Medical Epidemiological (DOME) study.

Methods The DOME is an electronic record-based cross-sectional study, that was conducted to measure the dental, periodontal, and oral morbidities and their associations with systemic morbidities, among a nationally representative sample of young to middle-aged adults military personnel from the IDF (Israel Defense Forces). To that end, we developed a strict protocol including standardized terminology, data collection, and handling.

Results Data for the DOME study was derived simultaneously from three electronic records of the IDF: (1) a central demographic database, (2) the dental patient record (DPR), and (3) the medical computerized patient record (CPR). The established DOME repository includes socio-demographic, dental and medical records of 132,354 young to middle-age military personnel from the IDF, who attended the dental clinics during the year 2015. Records of general military personnel (N > 50,000), with no recorded dental visits during the study period, served as a control group regarding all other parameters except dental. The DOME study continues and is currently collecting longitudinal data from the year 2010 until 2020. The IDF employs a standardized uniform administrative and clinical work-up and treatment protocols as well as uniform computerized codes. We describe the standardized definitions for all the parameters that were included: socio-demographics, health-related habits, medical and dental attendance patterns, and general and dental health status. Multicollinearity analysis results of the sociodemographic and medical study parameters are presented.

Conclusion Standardized work-up and definitions are essential to establish the centralized DOME data repository to study the extent of dental and systemic morbidities and their associations.