bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of earthworks on the atmosphere during the reconstruction and overhaul of trunk pipelines
Authors: Abramyan S G , Oganesyan O V
Published: November 2020

The paper discusses adverse atmospheric impact of earthworks during reconstruction and overhaul of trunk lines. The review of the trunk line insulation replacement process under normal and complex conditions helped identify the number of excavating machines adversely affecting the environment when operated simultaneously,. The point is made that the calculation of adverse impact should be performed in at least two stages to, first, estimate noxious emissions of operating machines and mechanisms; and, second, quantify the amount of fine-dispersed dust from cutting off the fertile soil layer, extracting the old pipeline, excavating the trench, leveling the trench bottom and other earthworks. It is further noted that the diversity of work techniques and the use of multi-criteria factors hinder the estimation of the adverse atmospheric impact of earthworks, as the engineering process does not consider the meteorological and other related conditions. Therefore, a “construction blockchain technology” (CBC technology) comprising GIS data is required. The CBC technology identifies the construction technologies, machines, equipment, mechanisms, resources etc., as well as software products to select the optimum work techniques, technology and organization, including scheduling. Over-all, the integration of CBC and BIM technologies should underline environmental safety of construction works including, among others, earthworks.
Influence of mining complexes on agricultural lands of the Ural Region
Authors: Konovalov V E , Pochechun V A , Semyachkov A I
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the influence of the mining complexes on the condition of the agricultural lands within the agricultural areas while developing mineral deposits in the Ural region. The work shows the distribution of the land resources in constituent territories of the Russian Federation that form the Ural region, in addition, agricultural areas are identified. The Ural mining region is defined as a place of deposits of solid minerals, the work shows its relationship with the agricultural areas of the constituent territories of the Russian Federation. The influence of the mining complex on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the agricultural lands is determined, generalized sizes of the areas used for the premises of the mining complex are given. Geoecological assessment of the soil is performed. This soil is under intense technogenic burden due to the waste storage facilities - slag dumps of a metallurgical plant. Recommendations for agricultural land protection in the area of influence from the mining complex are given.
Classification of the sorbents capable of removing the petroleum products from Wastewater
Authors: Malyshkina E
Published: November 2020

Currently, an effective and relatively cheap sorption material for the extraction of various pollutants from water is being actively sought. It is still relevant the use of the sorbents made on a natural basis. Different material modifications, which make it possible to achieve the high values of their sorption capacity, are being studied. The new Classification of the sorbents used in the technologies for treating wastewater from the oil products, in this paper is presented. The all characteristics of the sorbents are considered in the work. An algorithm is formed that allows one to make an informed choice of the sorbent in terms of its effectiveness, environmental protection and material costs. As an example, the pine sawdust characteristics at the Classification is performed. Sawdust can be considered as an effective base of the sorbents, characterized by environmental safety, cheap raw materials and ease of use.
Analysis and technology to reduce the impact of tailings on the ecology of local water bodies
Authors: Brzhanov R T , Sofronova L I , Abramova S A
Published: November 2020

An integral part of the technological chain in the processing of uranium ores is a tailing dump designed for organizational disposal and long-term storage of tailings. There are up to 170 production and monitoring wells around the tailings for comprehensive monitoring of the impact of the tailings on groundwater. Wastewater is discharged from the industrial site into the Aksu riverbed after preliminary complex biological treatment at the sanitary treatment facilities. This article provides an analysis of pollutants from the processing of uranium ores. Studies have found that arsenic, molybdenum, uranium, and radium are the main pollutants that affect surface and groundwater. Under the influence of precipitation, the oxidation of ore minerals, many radioactive and chemical elements transform into more mobile forms and enter the environment. The main accumulator of radionuclides is bottom sediments. It is this component of the aquatic ecosystem that determines the mechanism and rate of redistribution of radionuclides. The analysis of water samples from the tailing dump itself and from surface water bodies in the area of the GMZ industrial site in the direction of thalwegs was carried out.
Development of technology for organic dyes removal from wastewaters
Authors: Sizykh M R , Batoeva A A
Published: November 2020

High efficiency of using a sorbent-coagulant, prepared on the basis of montmorillonite clay, for cleaning highly concentrated colored solutions is shown. In this case, clay plays the role of a surface that provokes the first stages of coagulation-sorption interaction, and promotes the formation of dense aggregated structures. For deep wastewater treatment, a galvanochemical method is proposed. It was experimentally proved that in this case a conjugated mechanism is realized that combines oxidative degradation of dyes and coagulation removal of reaction products. The technological scheme for local wastewater treatment of dyeing fur is proposed. Its high efficiency was confirmed by semi-industrial tests, while COD decreased by 98% and amounted to 15 mgO2/L.
Ecological differentiation of arable layers of leached chernozem and crop yields
Authors: Mantorova G.F.
Published: November 2020

The paper contains the materials of long-term research connected with studying the fertility inhomogeneity of the arable soil layer. The duration of cultivation, weather conditions, soil cultivation methods leave their imprint on the fertility of parts of the arable layer. It is revealed that effective fertility of the arable layer decreases from the top down, and the longer the nonmouldboard cultivation is used, the lower the fertility of lower layers. Plowing provides mixing of soil layers of the arable layer and creates a homogeneous layer by fertility, although the differentiation of the layers by their fertility exists even in case of plowing, but less pronounced. The maximum yield of spring wheat grain grown on the soil from different layers is observed in the variant from the 0-10 cm layer, and the minimum - in the variant from the 20-30 cm layer. Mixing of parts of the arable layer helps to smooth out and increase effective fertility of the root-inhabited soil. It is necessary to approach differentially when selecting a soil cultivation method and creating a fertile arable layer to obtain a high yield of cultivated plants.
Ecological problems of tillage
Authors: Mantorova G F
Published: November 2020

The main consequences of human economic activities include: soil erosion, pollution, exhaustion of soil, impoverishment of soil with mineral substances and dehumification. Anthropogenic impacts usually affect all components of the geosystem. As a result of erosion processes, the soil structure changes, its water-physical properties deteriorate; the use of heavy agricultural machinery on the fields contributes to the formation of a plowing shoe with an increased density, which prevents free infiltration of moisture in the soil; contamination of agricultural land leads to the accumulation of heavy metals (HM), radionuclides, benz(a)pyrene, industrial pollutants of organic and inorganic origin, soil pollution with transport and municipal waste. They penetrate in the soil in different ways. Not only soils but also plants growing on them are polluted, through which they enter the body of animals and humans causing various diseases.
Prospects for the using of alternative mercury-free sources of UV radiation in the processes of oxidative destruction of aqua-pollutants
Authors: Batoeva A A , Sizykh M R , Aseev D G
Published: November 2020

A comparative evaluation of the efficiency of using mercury-free radiation sources - KrCl excilamp (222 nm) and solar radiation to intensify the oxidative processes of pollutants with different chemical nature in ultraviolet-coupled ferrous (ferric)–peroxydisulfate systems was carried out. The oxidation ability of Fenton-like process for persistent target compounds of inorganic nature - on the example of thiocyanate ion, and bisphenol A (BPA) as the organic one, significantly improved under both UV and solar radiation. In this case, excilamps can be used as an independent or standby source of radiation (with low solar activity or adverse weather conditions), which in the future can be an important factor in ensuring reliability under the modular principle of constructing technological treatment schemes.
Reduction of airborne particulate matter emissions associated with petroleum coke production
Authors: Bulauka Y A , Liakhovich V A , Adamovich D N
Published: November 2020

This article presents the results of studies on production based on products of secondary oil refining processes of agents for dust suppression and reduction of losses from blowing out of wet bulk carbon-containing materials, in particular petroleum coke, as well as against freezing and adhesion during their transportation at low temperatures. The use of the developed dust suppression-antifreeze agent will reduce exposure to dust of the employees at the delayed coking unit in the course of petroleum coke production and improve its freeze resistance. It will have a positive impact on the solution of the problem of petroleum coke transportation at subzero temperatures, and will also allow expanding the range of marketable products, and increasing production efficiency.
Migration of antibiotics in natural aquatic environment
Authors: Abramova A A , Grakhova E V , Isakov V G
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of available information about the migration of antibiotics in natural aquatic environment. Realizing the mechanism of drug release into the environment and into the aquatic environment will further develop protective measures and mechanisms to prevent appearing of antibiotic resistance genes in the aquatic environment. For example, in Russia during 2015 - 2016 only, for medical purposes 915.65 tons of antibiotics were used. It should be noted that the main danger of antibiotics is that they do not completely collapse and do not lose their original properties after ingestion, but almost completely retain their biological activity. It leads to the fact that the active molecule of the active substance is released unchanged during physiological secretions or through the skin and is able influence the environment.
Solar energy efficient - AOP process for treatment of cyanide in mining effluents
Authors: Tsybikova B
Published: November 2020

Photochemical process using of UV component of natural sunlight (hybrid Solar method) in the presence of an oxidizing agent – persulfates was studied for destruction of cyanides in mining effluents. The kinetic regularities was studied for process of photooxidation of cyanides. Comparative destruction of cyanides experiments have shown that the efficiency of the destruction process in the selected oxidative systems changed in the following order: {Solar + PS} > {Solar} > {UV + PS} > {UV}. High treatment efficiency of cyanides using a hybrid system {Solar + PS} is due to high intensity of the UV-C component of the sunlight and the rate of generation of hydroxyl radicals OH and sulfate anion radicals SO4
-·, respectively. The results obtained indicate the high efficiency of the hybrid Solar-induced method for purification of cyanide-containing pollutants, which allows achieving complete destruction of toxic cyanides to non-toxic products.
Photooxidation based on UV/H2O2 process for arsenic removal from aqueous solutions
Authors: Tsybikova B
Published: November 2020

The main regularities of the photochemical oxidation of arsenic (III) were studied using a mercury-free UV source KrCl excilamp (222 nm). Comparative studies of the effectiveness of direct photolysis and combined oxidation of arsenic (III) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide were performed. It was found that the combined treatment of {UV / H2O2 } achieves a significant intensification of the oxidation process. The considered oxidizing systems according to the oxidation state of As (III) can be ranked according to {UV/H2O2 }>{H2O2 }>{UV}. The ion-radical mechanism of the photochemical oxidation of arsenic in the combined {UV / H2O2} oxidation system using the UV radiation of the KrCl excilamp is proposed. The fundamental possibility of using a mercury-free source of quasi-monochromatic radiation of the KrCl excilamp (222 nm) for the photochemical process based on the combined oxidation system {UV / H2O2} to remove arsenic from aqueous solutions is established.
Removal of Congo Red Dye from aqueous solutions using natural clay of montmorillonite type
Authors: Badmaeva S V
Published: November 2020

Natural clay of the montmorillonite type, heated at different temperatures, was studied in removal of the Congo Red anionic dye, which is a component of the wastewater of the dyeing industry by the adsorption method. It was shown that with an increase in the calcination temperature of the clay the specific surface, pore diameter and pore volume decreased. The calcination temperature also affected the adsorption properties of clay. It has been established that the largest sorption capacity with respect to the Congo Red dye is possessed by a sample heated at 104 °C. Sorption isotherms were analyzed using linear Langmuir and Freindlich equations. It was determined that the adsorption of the dye on natural clay was in good agreement with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm with a correlation coefficient of 0.9751-0.9966, which corresponded to monolayer adsorption on a uniform surface.
The analysis of flotation whey treatment
Authors: Evseev E P , Zhuravleva I V , Isaenko D M
Published: November 2020

The empirical analysis of the scheme of whey treatment was carried out. Controlled parameters for the further investigations and assessment criteria of effectiveness of whey treatment have been singled out: the best conditions for protein coagulation, intensity of flocculation, the choice of the facility capable of effective working with high temperature of waste water and flocculant application contributing to formation of the larger flakes and process intensity. Real-time experiment on dairy enterprise LLC “SCHUCHINSKY CHEESE MANUFACTURE” was carried out. The following equipment was applied in the experiment: electroflotator, screw dehydrator, pump assemblies, containers for preparation of reagents and whey heating, measuring equipment: pH-meter, flowmeter, thermometer, photometric analyzer of chemical oxygen consumption (COC), scales. In the process of the experiment on the plants we determined the data of COC, pH and mass of emitting protein depending on the type of the flocculants used: superfloc A-130 and praestol 2530. The results of the experiment with whey treatment with COC equal to more than 10000 mg/l revealed high effectiveness of high charge anionic flocculants. New innovative technology of separate whey treatment in the technological process of dairy factories without its discharge to waste water is presented.
Substantiation of the permissible value of odor from sewerage system facilities
Authors: Ruchkinova O I , Karelina K A
Published: November 2020

With the growth of urbanization in large cities, the number of complaints from the population on unpleasant odors emitted by sewerage system facilities increases. In most cases, instrumental measurements on the content of individual malodorous substances in the zone of influence of sewerage facilities do not confirm the exceeding of the atmospheric air quality standards, even in terms of unpleasant odor. The lack of a clear system for standardizing odor in the atmospheric air and of established odor standards in Russia determined the relevance of this study. The aim of the study is to substantiate the permissible value of the odor emitted by sewerage system facilities. The article describes the research methodology. The results of field studies on the content of pollutants in the atmospheric air and the concentration of odor at the border of the sanitary protection zone of sewerage facilities are presented. The criteria for odor evaluation are proposed. The permissible value of odor for sewerage facilities is substantiated.
Features of overall and occupational morbidity rates among mine workers of marble and granite quarries of the Irkutsk Region
Authors: Aleksandrova A Yu , Timofeeva S S
Published: November 2020

In connection with the active development of the mining sector of the economy, there is an important task of labor rate setting of mine workers and reliable records of occupational morbidity rate associated with dust emissions. The review is based on the scientific literature on occupational lung diseases in the mining industry that focuses on the recording and identification of occupational diseases associated with the silica dust (SiO2) exposure. The article addresses both “traditional” and “emerging” concerns regarding occupational diseases of the respiratory system in mine workers, incorporating the data on evidence-based practices of practitioners in developed and developing countries. The data is devoted to deciphering the types of occupational diseases that are given the least attention, which results in the fact that many workers put themselves at risk due to a lack of knowledge about the consequences of inhaling stone dust while performing their duties. The SiO2 dust resulted from the quarrying of marble and granite is underestimated. Its contribution to the development of occupational diseases of mine workers is significant and requires focused attention and an integrated approach to the prevention and control of occupational lung diseases associated with mining. The study has been carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research within the framework of scientific project No. 19-31-27001.
Wastewater treatment technology with modified sorbent from the complex of household services
Authors: Arkanova I A , Mochinskiy M V
Published: November 2020

The composition and characteristics of wastewater from the complex of household services and the method of wastewater treatment from the surfactants have been studied. To increase the efficiency of local treatment of the wastewater, a method of neutralization on a carbon sorbent modified with sulfuric acid has been analyzed. Wastewater treatment technology with a high content of organic substances having an increased alkaline reaction is a pretreatment of coal with sulfuric acid solutions, which then serves as a resin charge for filters. The spent resin charge is regenerated with a hydrogen peroxide solution. These results have been obtained using artificially prepared and natural wastewater from the complex of household services and form the basis for the development of wastewater treatment facilities for laundries located in hotels, health centers and recreation facilities. The conclusions on the efficient use of the proposed method are made.
Validation of a simplified model for liquid propellant rocket engine combustion chamber design
Authors: Hegazy M , Belal H , Makled A , Al-Sanabawy M A
Published: November 2020

The combustion phenomena inside the thrust chamber of the liquid propellant rocket engine are very complicated because of different paths for elementary processes. In this paper, the characteristic length (L*) approach for the combustion chamber design will be discussed compared to the effective length (Leff) approach. First, both methods are introduced then applied for real LPRE. The effective length methodology is introduced starting from the basic model until developing the empirical equations that may be used in the design process. The classical procedure of L* was found to over-estimate the required cylindrical length in addition to the inherent shortcoming of not giving insight where to move to enhance the design. The effective length procedure was found to be accurate within ± 10%.
Simplified algorithm for determining injection duration to achieve fast response in SI engines
Authors: Shawky Omar
Published: November 2020

For modern SI engines, the injection duration and its timing are one of the most important parameters which influence the mixture homogeneity, emissions, combustion efficiency, and engine response. In the present work, a simplified port fuel injection system with its driver algorithms was designed to control the injection duration and its timing. The Calibrated Dose method is used in this system instead of the stream mixing method. Therefore, the injected fuel mass is accurately computed according to the engine load, engine speed, engine operating condition, and the amount of air drawn into the engine. The system consists of a conventional port fuel injection system equipped with a micro-controller, a Throttle Position Sensor (TPS), a couple of Hall Effect Sensors (HES), load cell with its driver module, injector controller circuit, and a custom-made inlet port. The micro-controller is used to calculate the injection duration each engine cycle according to engine speed, amount of air drawn per cycle and engine load. The two HES are used to detect the injection timing and measure the engine speed. The TPS is used to monitor the throttle position angle so it can calculate the amount of air drawn into the engine at that time with respect to engine speed. The load cell and its driver module are used to measure the engine torque and consequently the brake power. The injector controller circuit is used to initiate the injection process at the perfect timing for the accurate duration.
Development of rotary heat exchanger model to investigate performance with integrating controller
Authors: Ghoneim A M , Aly M H , Mahmoud O E
Published: November 2020

The heat wheel Considers one of the best heat recovery devices with very high effectiveness, which leads to great savings in energy and operating expenses. This research study a novel dynamic model of a rotary heat exchanger automatically control the temperature of outlet air despite the operating conditions are changed. The model is implemented under MATLAB/SIMULINK environment to investigate the performance of the heat wheel considering the air properties changing during the operation. The transient effect of air-flow rate, inlet air temperature and wheel rotational speed on the output temperature and effectiveness are discussed. The optimum rotational speed of a heat wheel was investigated for different operating conditions. The temperature distribution of air and matrix for one Full cycle of heat wheel were investigated. The model was validated based on data found in previously published experimental work. Results reveal that the effectiveness of the device is inversely proportional to the amount of flow, while it is directly proportional to the rotational wheel speed. The effectiveness is slightly affected by the inlet air temperature.
Handling performance of an 8x8 combat vehicle
Authors: Ahmed M , El-Gindy M , Lang H
Published: November 2020

In this research paper, the handling stability of an 8x8 combat vehicle will be assessed using two different control systems. The first technique utilizes a Torque Vectoring Controller (TVC) to control the vehicle yaw rate to meet the desired value. The second technique utilizes an Active Rear-axles Steering (ARS) to minimize the vehicle sideslip. TVC will be designed as a Single Input Single Output (SISO) control problem using a Sliding Mode Control (SMC) technique, while an Optimal Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) will be utilized to develop the ARS controller. The two controllers will be evaluated against a conventional vehicle with fixed rear axles. TruckSim software is used in corporation with Matlab/Simulink to implement and assess the controllers using Double Lane Change (DLC) over high and low coefficient of friction road surfaces at various speeds. The results give an insight into the driving conditions at which each controller is utilized and introduce a novel method to coordinate the integration between both controllers for integrated chassis applications.
Evaluating the effect of shape on energy absorbing response of structures used in armored vehicles floors
Authors: Kamel Hisham
Published: November 2020

Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) are a major threat to the lives and wellbeing of soldiers transported in armored vehicles. The blast of an IED under vehicle body can cause severe injuries especially to the lower extremities of vehicle occupants. Blast-mitigating structures are developed to absorb as much energy as possible to protect occupants from the effect of blast. These structures are placed on vehicle floor to soften the impact on occupants’ lower extremities thus minimizing injuries. Shape plays an important role in determining the amount of energy absorbed in these structures. This paper presents a finite element study where nonlinear finite element (FE) models were used to simulate the motion of vehicle floor due to the blast of an IED. A benchmark structure was developed to mimic Skydex that is a trademark structure. Different shapes were then used and compared with Skydex. The study shows the potential of optimizing shape to maximize the performance of blast-mitigating structures.
Test rig design for upper-limb socket prosthetics at transradial amputation level
Authors: Bondok M M , El-Sheikh M A , El-Hadek M A
Published: November 2020

Statistics show that the transradial level is the most common level of upper-limb amputation seen by the prosthetist. Amputee needs an intermediate part to wear and fit the prosthetic device with the residual limb firmly. The socket is the only channel between residual limb and prosthetic components and is the crucial part of the prosthesis influencing the amputee’s acceptance considerably. The purpose of this design is making a test rig that can assess the socket while simulating arm movements that are common during activities of daily living such as:(Abduction, Adduction, Flexion, Extension, Supination and Pronation) in Euler angles: Yaw, Pitch and Roll. This test rig allows to predict when dislocation between the residual limb and the socket will be happened with any weight and at any plane.
Design and manufacturing of a test rig for measuring the torque required in soil drilling operations
Authors: Abdeldayem M A , Abo-Elnor M E , Mabrouk M H
Published: November 2020

Soil drilling operation has become one of the most important interests to researchers due to its many applications in engineering systems. Such as construction industry, soil samples for geological sciences and space sampling. The dominant factor in determining drilling parameters based on drilling operations experience or in some times based on proposed modelling techniques. As a result, soil drilling process using auger drilling is studied to obtain drilling parameters and then optimize these parameters to improve drilling performance which enables proper selection of machine for a required job. One of the main challenges that faces researchers during using modelling techniques to define the soil drilling problem is the complex nonlinear behaviour of the drilled medium itself due to its discontinuity and heterogeneous formation. This paper presents a developed apparatus that has been designed and manufactured to be used in measuring and recording the total torque required during soil drilling operation. A simplified auger drilling machine is built in soil-tool interaction laboratory, Military Technical College, to obtain experimental results that can be used to verify the presented models. Data acquisition measuring system is established to analyse experimental results using a. The Labview® program enables recording and displaying the output data collected mainly from sensors planted in the test rig. Results of both analytical and numerical models are then compared to experimental results to aid in developing the presented parametric study that can be used to define the working parameters during drilling operations in different types of soils.
Assessment of steel wire’s fatigue life using finite elements modelling and experimental testing
Authors: Lotfy H M , El-Shabasy A B , Attia T A , Hassan HA
Published: November 2020

Various applications consist of wire rope as one of their most important construction parts. Wire ropes formed of three parts as basis; wires, strands and core. to get a deep understanding of wire ropes and their mechanical properties, it is essential to study their main part; the wire. For this reason, steel wire has been studied in this work to get its fatigue life as the number of cycles to failure using finite element modeling. FEM results have been verified using experiments; Flex tester machine and fatigue apparatus which is created and structured for this study. Outcomes have proved that using of bigger bending diameters resulted in increasing the fatigue life of the steel wire and vice versa. It is noticed that the FEM results have small and reasonable value of deviation comparing to the experimental results. Other mechanical properties of the steel wire have been obtained from FEM such as; equivalent Von-Mises stress, equivalent elastic strain, equivalent plastic strain and equivalent total strain.
Interactions between microorganisms and composite material with marble & granite filler
Authors: Ahmed H , Darwesh O
Published: November 2020

It is promising to develop new composite materials which have antimicrobial activity for many applications; this is our goal in this study. All experiments were done to achieve this an important objective by studying the interaction between the new composites and some pathogenic reference microorganisms. The produced composite was manufactured from industrial wastes. Recently, many research groups in all fields have focusing work on removing the wastes and recycling it as useful materials. In this study, the preparing new composite from marble and granite wastes with thermoplastic matrix PMMA was investigated. This composite is considered as new type of micro-nano composite because it has fillers in the nano and micro sizes. Pathogenic microorganisms, used in this study, obtained from the American type culture collection (ATCC; Rockville, MD, USA), yeast and one pathogenic fungus were applied. The evaluation of analysis was done by spectrophotometer SEM and EDX techniques. The suitable applications of new composite material were mentioned based upon the interaction recorded in the study. The study ends with recommendation for future modifications in the new composite materials to improve its resistances to microorganism.
Optical non linear characteristics of particles from natural resources
Authors: Ahmed H , Salah A , Hasabelnabi S , Khalil A
Published: November 2020

In these work some nano and micro particles such as granite, zeolite, diopside ferrous and sand glass which considered as waste or byproduct from mining industries. The micro and nano particles from natural resources were prepared by sieving and mixing with acidic solution at certain concentration, the particles are soaked and immerged in the acidic solution for long time to achieve reasonable hemogenity, sterring is done directly before measurements. The non linear characteristics of the prepared solution were measured by z-scan open aperture technique. The results explained in terms of the composition and structure of the micro and nano particles. Granite particles does not introduce any emission due to compact structure, while zeolite, diopside ferrous and sand glass have significant non linear spectrum related to their structure. The research introduces new applications of the ceramics materials micro and nano particles in non linear optical devices. The research ends with conclusions and recommendation for future work in this new field of applications. The new techniques and the new materials selected in the current study have good non linear optical characteristics; these are promising for practical application. It can be used for various optical applications such as optical modulators, sensors and other optical protection applications.
Improving water desalination efficiency by using carbon nanotubes as pre-treatment
Authors: AbdAllah A , El-Sallamy W , Azzam B , Osman T
Published: November 2020

Filters based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been highlighted as an emerging technology for water desalination. In this paper, the weight percentage (wt.%) of CNTs required for desalination is discussed. The idea is based upon addition of CNTs to simple filters that is employed as adsorbent for dissolved solids in water (sodium chloride removal). Different CNTs filters (using CNTs Multi walled tube type) specimens were fabricated. Experimental work was done, through building a test rig, to show the effect of percentage of weight of CNTs on desalination of (Red Sea and Brackish) water. The effect of multiple filtration stages has been also shown. It was shown that the filters containing CNTs would be effective if used at the intake of modern RO (Reverse Osmosis) water desalination plants. Using filters with CNTs as pre-treatment of intake water for the RO units will reduce feeding pressure, specific energy and power consumption.
Simulating ultrasonic vibration enhanced FSW process of AA6082 using finite element method
Authors: Mabrouk OM , El-Wazery M S , El-Desouky M A
Published: November 2020

Several modifications have been made on friction stir welding process to overcome some certain limitations which have been reported. One of these modifications is to use ultrasonic energy as an assistance tool in FSW process. In the present paper, a mathematical model is developed to express the heat generation during ultrasonic vibration enhanced friction stir welding process (UVeFSW). A finite element model is built to perform a transient thermal heat transfer analysis using ANSYS mechanical APDL software package. The temperature contours, temperature distribution and the thermal cycles were predicted using the moving heat source technique. To validate the model, k-type thermocouples were used to measure the temperature and thermal cycles at five locations. The results showed a good agreement between the simulated and experimentally measured results.
An experimental study on mechanical and ballistic characteristics of different HTPB composite propellant formulations
Authors: NourEldin A F , Adel WM , Attai YA , Ismail M A
Published: November 2020

The main goal of this paper is to investigate the changing in the tensile behavior and the burning rate characteristics of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) propellantunder the variations of the crosslinking density, which was predominantly determined by the equivalent ratio of diisocyanate to total hydroxyl (NCO/OH ratio), which known as the curing ratio. Four variousbatches with different curing ratios (NCO/OH) percentage were produced in which the production processes were fixed. Uniaxial tensile tests were conducted at different temperatures (-40, 20 and 55°C), and different strain rates (0.000656 1/s, 0.0328 1/s) using a Zwick universal test machine. In order to measure the burning rate, cured solid propellant strands were tested using the acoustic wave emission method under different pressure ranging from 4 to 10 MPa. The experimental results indicate that the tensile behavior of HTPB propellant is remarkably influenced by curing ratio, strain rate, and temperature. It was observed that a great change on stress-strain curves affected various curing ratios and temperatures on the mechanical behavior of propellant composition. The results showed that high curing ratio leads to increase theultimatestress and decrease the strainat maximum stress, but higher temperatures lead to decrease theultimate stress and the strain at maximum stress.The curing ratios (NCO/OH) have an intense impact on mechanical characteristics, but slightly impact on ballistic characteristics for propellant. Furthermore, careful measurements of these parameters are important to control the production quality and to provide a reliable comparison between different propellant batches.
Penetration of long rods into semi-infinite metallic targets over wide range of impact velocities
Authors: Abdel-Kader M A , Riad A M , Ibrahim A Z
Published: November 2020

In this paper, the analytical model that describes the penetration process of a long rod into a semi-infinite metallic target over wide range of impact velocities has been presented. In this model, the target strength factor Rtis not considered as a constant but it is a function of penetration velocity whereas, the rod strength factor YP is represented by Hugoniot Elastic Limit (HEL) of its material. The penetration process of the present model consists mainly of primary phase during which the rod front is subjected to erosion and secondary (after-flow) phase. The main equations of the used model are presented, arranged and compiled into a computer program. The program is capable of predicting the time histories of the parameters associated with the penetration process. Autodyn hydrocode package is used herein to simulate the penetration processes of long rods into targets examined by the present analytical model. The hydrocode is fed with the same data used in the model for rods and targets materials. Both the model predictions and the obtained numerical results of Auto dynhydro code, respectively, are compared with the corresponding experimental measurements of other investigators. Good agreement is generally obtained. In addition, representative samples of the model predictions and their corresponding simulation results of Autodyn hydro code are presented with relevant analyses and discussions. The obtained results prove the predictive capabilities of both the present model and Autodyn hydro code, respectively, where each of them could be used as a quick tool for determining the main parameters associated with the studied penetration process.
Experimental modal testing of a honeycomb sandwich plate
Authors: Aborehab A , Kamel M , Nemnem A F , Kassem M
Published: November 2020

Honeycomb structures have been widely used in several applications and industries in the past decades. Such structures have a significant role in aerospace engineering especially in building up the satellite structures. Honeycomb structures provide key benefits represented in high specific strength, high specific stiffness, and superior dimensional stability. Detailed finite element modelling of such structures is a great challenge as it involves high computational expense. Thus, equivalent modelling is mandatory. The detailed and equivalent finite element models of a honeycomb plate are introduced intensively throughout analyzing its dynamic behaviour using the modal analysis module in ANSYS workbench software. The equivalent modelling is carried out via the three-layered sandwich theory and leads to the calculation of the first four natural frequencies and the related mode shapes. An experimental modal testing of the honeycomb sandwich plate is implemented for the sake of validating the computational results. A good agreement is obtained when comparing both experimental and computational results with mean error not exceeding 5%. Finally, a parametric study is performed to relate the modal analysis results with different boundary conditions cases. The results show that the model can be a reliable basis for satellite honeycomb sandwich structures design.
A new artificial neural network model integrated with a cat swarm optimization algorithm for predicting the emitted noise during axial piston pump operation
Authors: Elsheikh A H , Abd Elaziz M , Babikir HA , Wu D , Liu Y
Published: November 2020

This study presents a new artificial intelligence based methodology to predict the emitted noise of an Axial Piston Pump (APP). The suggested method depends on augmentation of conventional Artificial Neural Network (ANN) via integration with Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO). CSO is used to obtain the optimal structure of ANN. The training and testing of the approach were accomplished using experimental data sets considering six system operating pressures (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 MPa) and five speed levels (600, 900, 1200, 1500, and 1800 rpm). Two valve seat materials were investigated: polyetheretherket one (PEEK) and 316L stainless steel. A reasonable agreement was observed between the predicted results obtained by the developed method and the experimental data.
Modelling and experimental investigation of high – pressure common rail diesel injection system
Authors: Niklawy W , Shahin M , Amin MI , Elmaihy A
Published: November 2020

The high-pressure Common Rail (HPCR) injection system was originally introduced for diesel engines to both reduce pollutant emissions and enhancement of performance. HPCR separates fuel pressurization and injection processes from each other. The high injection pressure generated by the common rail system provides better atomisation and evaporation of fuel spray, resulting in improved air inlet and fuel jet mixing, which is advantageous for lowering soot emission. In this paper, a mathematical common rail injection system model has been presented. A Simulink/Matlab code was developed to execute this simulation. This work does not only seek to validate the presented numerical model but to have more insight for understanding the overall common rail injection system diesel engine performance under different operating conditions. Some simulation results are illustrated to highlight modelling capability.The engine used is an HCCI turbocharged diesel engine, 2776 cc, 4-stroke, and 4-cylinder, water-cooled with overhead valve mechanism. The common rail pressure, fuel consumption, start and duration of each injection through one engine cycle are measured at various engine speed and loads. The measured common rail fuel pressure and consumption are used to validate the simulation results. The findings of the simulation show good consistency with the experimental results. At last, some simulation results, which highlight the modelling capability, are illustrated at certain values of engine speed and load.
Performance of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine with common rail fuel injection
Authors: Niklawy W , Shahin M , Amin M I , Elmaihy A
Published: November 2020

Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine is a newly introduced technology. However, controlling the HCCI timing of ignition and theheat release rate, at all operating regimes, present the biggest challenge due to the complicated and highly coupled combustion problems. The successful implementation of the common rail injection system in diesel engines has made this possible. The main key for this success is the capability to optimize the most important fuel injection parameters, namely timing, rate, and duration.This work experimentally investigates the performance of an HCCI Diesel engine with a Common Rail Direct Injection (DI) fuel system. The engine used is a turbocharged 2776 cc, 4-stroke, 4-cylinder, water-cooled with overhead valve mechanism. The engine performance is evaluated and presented at different loads and speeds. The Apparent Heat Release Rate during combustion is evaluated from the measured cylinder pressure-crank angle data. The pressure in the fuel line is measured at the entry to different fuel injectors to investigate the effect of pressure wave propagation in the fuel line on the fuel injection system.
Aerodynamic performance improvement using a micro-cylinder as a passive flow control around the S809 airfoil
Authors: Mostafa W , Abdelsamie A , Mohamed M , Thévenin D , Sedrak M.
Published: November 2020

Aerodynamic performance improvement of airfoilsis the first step towards enhancement ofthe wind turbine performance in electricity generation and energy conversion inrenewable energy applications. The flow behavioraround wind turbine blades profilecan be improved by introducing active and/or passive flow controls. This work numerically describes the impact of adding micro-cylinder, as a passive flow control around S809 airfoil, on aerodynamic performance under various operating conditions. A suitable combination of flow analysis and optimization technique has been used in the current work.The numerical simulation has been performed using ANSYSFluent 18.2 software. The airfoil was numerically analysed in flow atReynolds number of 106; aerodynamic coefficients (lift and drag coefficients) at different angle of attacks were validated with the experimental data reported by Somers in NREL. The Response Surface Method (RSM) is applied to obtain the optimum position of micro-cylinder to achieve maximum lift to drag ratio. It has been found that the total aerodynamic forces are sensitive to the location of the micro-cylinder. A significant enhancement of lift to drag ratio can be achieved by adding micro-cylinder in front of S809 airfoil especially at high Reynolds number.
Assistive exoskeleton hand glove using soft pneumatic actuators: design optimization
Authors: El-Agroudy M N , Awad M I , Rehan A , Maged S A
Published: November 2020

An assistive exoskeleton hand glove can be the solution to people who suffer from impairment in hand functionality. Soft pneumatic actuators (SPA) are used to actuate such glove. This paper focus on optimizing the design of the soft actuator. Finite element (FE) model is linked with the design optimization tool to find the optimal dimensions and materials of the SPA that give maximum displacement of the actuator with acceptable stresses on the actuator’s body. Performance analysis shows the relation between different parameters and how each affect the performance of the actuator. Results show the dimensions and materials needed to have maximum actuator displacement without being subjected to high stresses.
Ultrasonic-assisted drilling of nickel-based super alloy in conel 601: An experimental study
Authors: Abdelaziz A M , Youssef H , Al-Makky M , El-Hofy H
Published: November 2020

In this study, a comparison between ultrasonic-assisted drilling (UAD) and conventional drilling (CD) is presented under different feed rates using thrust force, torque, and hole geometrical errors as output responses. The experiments were done on plates of Inconel 601 (nickel-based superalloy), which is classified as a difficult-to-cut alloy due to its high Nickel content (60%), high hardness (43 HRC), and low thermal conductivity. The experiments were performed using DMG Mori Ultrasonic 20 linear, which is equipped with ultrasonic tool holderoscillating at 20 kHz with 7 μm amplitude. A coated carbide single margin twist drill had been used in the experiments. Full factorial design of experiments approach was employed, and the results had been statistically analyzed to find the most significant factor affecting the process responses. The results showed that the ultrasonic assistance had reduced the thrust force, and torque compared to conventional drilling (CD). Also, a reduction in holecylindricity error was detectedduring UAD, whichimprovesthe hole quality. In case of UAD, twist drills did not suffer from a physical wear, however notch wear was observed in CD drills. Chip morphology was also studied. Short segmented chips were obtained when using UAD which improved chip evacuation and reduced the chance of chip jamming in the drill flutes.