bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carnegie Supernova Project: The First Homogeneous Sample of Super-Chandrasekhar-mass/2003fg-like Type Ia Supernovae
Authors: Ashall C. , Lu J. , Hsiao E. Y. , Hoeflich P. , Phillips M. M. , Galbany L. , Burns C. R. , Contreras C. , Krisciunas K. , Morrell N. , Stritzinger M. D. , Suntzeff N. B. , Taddia F. , Anais J. , Baron E. , Brown P. J. , Busta L. , Campillay A. , Castellón S. , Corco C. , Davis S. , Folatelli G. , Förster F. , Freedman W. L. , Gonzaléz C. , Hamuy M. , Holmbo S. , Kirshner R. P. , Kumar S. , Marion G. H. , Mazzali P. , Morokuma T. , Nugent P. E. , Persson S. E. , Piro A. L. , Roth M. , Salgado F. , Sand D. J. , Seron J. , Shahbandeh M. , Shappee B. J.
Published: December 2021

We present a multiwavelength photometric and spectroscopic analysis of 13 super-Chandrasekhar-mass/2003fg-like Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). Nine of these objects were observed by the Carnegie Supernova Project. The 2003fg-like SNe have slowly declining light curves (Δm
15(B) < 1.3 mag), and peak absolute B-band magnitudes of −19 < M

B
< −21 mag. Many of the 2003fg-like SNe are located in the same part of the luminosity–width relation as normal SNe Ia. In the optical B and V bands, the 2003fg-like SNe look like normal SNe Ia, but at redder wavelengths they diverge. Unlike other luminous SNe Ia, the 2003fg-like SNe generally have only one i-band maximum, which peaks after the epoch of the B-band maximum, while their near-IR (NIR) light-curve rise times can be ≳40 days longer than those of normal SNe Ia. They are also at least 1 mag brighter in the NIR bands than normal SNe Ia, peaking above M

H
= −19 mag, and generally have negative Hubble residuals, which may be the cause of some systematics in dark-energy experiments. Spectroscopically, the 2003fg-like SNe exhibit peculiarities such as unburnt carbon well past maximum light, a large spread (8000–12,000 km s−1) in Si ii
λ6355 velocities at maximum light with no rapid early velocity decline, and no clear H-band break at +10 days. We find that SNe with a larger pseudo-equivalent width of C ii at maximum light have lower Si ii
λ6355 velocities and more slowly declining light curves. There are also multiple factors that contribute to the peak luminosity of 2003fg-like SNe. The explosion of a C–O degenerate core inside a carbon-rich envelope is consistent with these observations. Such a configuration may come from the core-degenerate scenario.
Double-diffusive Magnetic Layering
Authors: Hughes D. W. , Brummell N. H.
Published: December 2021

Double-diffusive systems, such as thermosolutal convection, in which the density depends on two components that diffuse at different rates, are prone to both steady and oscillatory instabilities. Such systems can evolve into layered states, in which both components, and also the density, adopt a “staircase” profile. Turbulent transport is enhanced significantly in the layered state. Here we exploit an analogy between magnetic buoyancy and thermosolutal convection in order to demonstrate the phenomenon of magnetic layering. We examine the long-term nonlinear evolution of a vertically stratified horizontal magnetic field in the so-called “diffusive regime,” where an oscillatory linear instability operates. Motivated astrophysically, we consider the case where the viscous and magnetic diffusivities are much smaller than the thermal diffusivity. We demonstrate that diffusive layering can occur even for subadiabatic temperature gradients. Magnetic layering may be relevant for stellar radiative zones, with implications for the turbulent transport of heat, magnetic field, and chemical elements.
Binary Fractions of G and K Dwarf Stars Based on Gaia EDR3 and LAMOST DR5: Impacts of the Chemical Abundances
Authors: Niu Zexi , Yuan Haibo , Wang Song , Liu Jifeng
Published: December 2021

Based on the large volume Gaia Early Data Release 3 and LAMOST Data Release 5 data, we estimate the bias-corrected binary fractions of the field late G and early K dwarfs. A stellar locus outlier method is used in this work, which works well for binaries of various periods and inclination angles with single-epoch data. With a well-selected, distance-limited sample of about 90,000 GK dwarfs covering wide stellar chemical abundances, it enables us to explore the binary fraction variations with different stellar populations. The average binary fraction is 0.42 ± 0.01 for the whole sample. Thin-disk stars are found to have a binary fraction of 0.39 ± 0.02, thick-disk stars have a higher one of 0.49 ± 0.02, while inner halo stars possibly have the highest binary fraction. For both the thin- and thick-disk stars, the binary fractions decrease toward higher [Fe/H], [α/H], and [M/H] abundances. However, the suppressing impacts of [Fe/H], [α/H], and [M/H] are more significant for the thin-disk stars than those for the thick-disk stars. For a given [Fe/H], a positive correlation between [α/Fe] and the binary fraction is found for the thin-disk stars. However, this tendency disappears for the thick-disk stars. We suspect that it is likely related to the different formation histories of the thin and thick disks. Our results provide new clues for theoretical works on binary formation.
Revisiting the Distance to Radio Loops I and IV Using Gaia and Radio/Optical Polarization Data
Authors: Panopoulou G. V. , Dickinson C. , Readhead A. C. S. , Pearson T. J. , Peel M. W.
Published: December 2021

Galactic synchrotron emission exhibits large angular scale features known as radio spurs and loops. Determining the physical size of these structures is important for understanding the local interstellar structure and for modeling the Galactic magnetic field. However, the distance to these structures is either under debate or entirely unknown. We revisit a classical method of finding the location of radio spurs by comparing optical polarization angles with those of synchrotron emission as a function of distance. We consider three tracers of the magnetic field: stellar polarization, polarized synchrotron radio emission, and polarized thermal dust emission. We employ archival measurements of optical starlight polarization and Gaia distances and construct a new map of polarized synchrotron emission from WMAP and Planck data. We confirm that synchrotron, dust emission, and stellar polarization angles all show a statistically significant alignment at high Galactic latitude. We obtain distance limits to three regions toward Loop I of 112 ± 17 pc, 135 ± 20 pc, and <105 pc. Our results strongly suggest that the polarized synchrotron emission toward the North Polar Spur at b > 30° is local. This is consistent with the conclusions of earlier work based on stellar polarization and extinction, but in stark contrast with the Galactic center origin recently revisited on the basis of X-ray data. We also obtain a distance measurement toward part of Loop IV (180 ± 15 pc) and find evidence that its synchrotron emission arises from chance overlap of structures located at different distances. Future optical polarization surveys will allow the expansion of this analysis to other radio spurs.
A DEFT Way to Forecast Solar Flares
Authors: Krista Larisza D. , Chih Matthew
Published: December 2021

Solar flares have been linked to some of the most significant space weather hazards at Earth. These hazards, including radio blackouts and energetic particle events, can start just minutes after the flare onset. Therefore, it is of great importance to identify and predict flare events. In this paper we introduce the Detection and EUV Flare Tracking (DEFT) tool, which allows us to identify flare signatures and their precursors using high spatial and temporal resolution extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) solar observations. The unique advantage of DEFT is its ability to identify small but significant EUV intensity changes that may lead to solar eruptions. Furthermore, the tool can identify the location of the disturbances and distinguish events occurring at the same time in multiple locations. The algorithm analyzes high temporal cadence observations obtained from the Solar Ultraviolet Imager instrument aboard the GOES-R satellite. In a study of 61 flares of various magnitudes observed in 2017, the “main” EUV flare signatures (those closest in time to the X-ray start time) were identified on average 6 minutes early. The “precursor” EUV signatures (second-closest EUV signatures to the X-ray start time) appeared on average 14 minutes early. Our next goal is to develop an operational version of DEFT and to simulate and test its real-time use. A fully operational DEFT has the potential to significantly improve space weather forecast times.
A Multi-wavelength Analysis of Small-scale Brightenings Observed by IRIS
Authors: Humphries Llŷr Dafydd , Morgan Huw
Published: December 2021

Small-scale brightenings in solar atmospheric observations are a manifestation of heating and/or energy transport events. We present statistical characteristics of brightenings from a new detection method applied to 1330, 1400, and 2796 Å IRIS slit-jaw image time series. A total of 2377 events were recorded that coexist in all three channels, giving high confidence that they are real. Of these, ≈1800 were spatially coherent, equating to event densities of ∼9.7 × 10−5 arcsec−2 s−1 within a 90″ × 100″ FOV over 34.5 minutes. Power-law indices estimates are determined for total brightness (2.78 < α < 3.71), maximum brightness (3.84 < α < 4.70), and average area (4.31 < α < 5.70) distributions. Duration and speed distributions do not obey a power law. A correlation is found between the events’ spatial fragmentation, area, and duration, and a weak relationship with total brightness, showing that larger/longer-lasting events are more likely to fragment during their lifetime. Speed distributions show that all events are in motion, with an average speed of ∼7 km s−1. The events’ spatial trajectories suggest that cooler 2796 Å events tend to appear slightly later and occupy a different position/trajectory than the hotter channel results. This suggests that either many of these are impulsive events caused by reconnection, with subsequent rapid cooling, or that the triggering event occurs near the TR, with a subsequent propagating disturbance to cooler atmospheric layers. The spatial distribution of events is not uniform, with broad regions devoid of events. A comparison of spatial distribution with properties of other atmospheric layers shows a tentative connection between high magnetic field strength, the corona’s multi-thermality, and high IRIS brightening activity.
PeV Emission of the Crab Nebula: Constraints on the Proton Content in Pulsar Wind and Implications
Authors: Liu Ruo-Yu , Wang Xiang-Yu
Published: December 2021

Recently, two photons from the Crab Nebula with energy of approximately 1 PeV were detected by the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), opening an ultrahigh-energy window for studying pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe). Remarkably, the LHAASO spectrum at the highest-energy end shows a possible hardening, which could indicate the presence of a new component. A two-component scenario with a main electron component and a secondary proton component has been proposed to explain the whole spectrum of the Crab Nebula, requiring a proton energy of 1046–1047 erg remaining in the present Crab Nebula. In this paper, we study the energy content of relativistic protons in pulsar winds using the LHAASO data of the Crab Nebula, considering the effect of diffusive escape of relativistic protons. Depending on the extent of the escape of relativistic protons, the total energy of protons lost in the pulsar wind could be 10–100 times larger than that remaining in the nebula presently. We find that the current LHAASO data allow up to (10–50)% of the spindown energy of pulsars being converted into relativistic protons. The escaping protons from PWNe could make a considerable contribution to the cosmic-ray flux of 10–100 PeV. We also discuss the leptonic scenario for the possible spectral hardening at PeV energies.
The X-Ray Outburst of PG 1553+113: A Precession Effect of Two Jets in the Supermassive Black Hole Binary System
Authors: Huang Shifeng , Yin Hongxing , Hu Shaoming , Chen Xu , Jiang Yunguo , Alexeeva Sofya , Wang Yifan
Published: December 2021

Blazar PG 1553+113 is thought to be a host of supermassive black hole binary system. A 2.2 yr quasi-periodicity in the γ-ray light curve was detected, possibly a result of jet precession. Motivated by the previous studies based on the γ-ray data, we analyzed the X-ray light curve and spectra observed during 2012–2020. The 2.2 yr quasi-periodicity might be consistent with the main-flare recurrence in the X-ray light curve. When a weak rebrightening in the γ-ray was observed, a corresponding relatively strong brightening in the X-ray light curve can be identified. The harder-when-brighter tendency in both X-ray main and weak flares was shown, as well as a weak softer-when-brighter behavior for the quiescent state. We explore the possibility that the variability in the X-ray band can be interpreted with two-jet precession scenario. Using the relation between jets and accretion disks, we derive the primary black hole mass ≃3.47 × 108
M
☉ and mass of the secondary one ≃1.40 × 108
M
☉, and their mass ratio ∼0.41.
Taxonomical study on the newly-recorded genus Falsonnannocerus Pic from China (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Stenochiinae)
Authors: Zhu Jiang , Wang Cheng-Bin , Feng Bao-Ying
Published: December 2021

The genus Falsonannocerus Pic, 1947 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Stenochiinae, Cnodalonini) includes 13 known species occurring in West Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia. The bionomics of species in this genus are unknown.

The genus Falsonnannocerus Pic, 1947 is recorded for the first time from China, including two species: F. thailandicus Masumoto, 1986 from Yunnan and F. haizhuensis sp. n. from Guangdong. Morphological characters of the two species are illustrated and compared. The photographs of female reproductive system, which were never shown for this genus before, are also presented.
The Association of Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Use With Incident Hypertension in Ankylosing Spondylitis: Data From the PSOAS Cohort
Authors: Liew Jean W. , Jafarzadeh S. Reza , Dubreuil Maureen , Heckbert Susan R. , Mooney Stephen J. , Brown Matthew A. , Ishimori Mariko L. , Reveille John D. , Ward Michael M. , Weisman Michael H. , Gensler Lianne S.
Published: December 2021

Objective

Individuals with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) have a greater cardiovascular (CV) risk than those in the general population. The effect of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFis) on CV risk, including on the development of hypertension (HTN), remains unclear, with some data suggesting higher risk. We assessed the association of TNFi use with incident HTN in a longitudinal AS cohort.

Methods

Adults with AS enrolled in a prospective cohort in 2002–2018 were examined every 4–6 months. TNFi use during the preceding 6 months was ascertained at each study visit. We defined HTN by patient-reported HTN, antihypertensive medication use, or, on 2 consecutive visits, systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg. We evaluated the association between TNFi use and the development of HTN with marginal structural models, estimated by inverse probability-of-treatment weighting, to account for time-dependent confounders and informative censoring. Potential confounders included age, sex, race, site, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use, and disease activity.

Results

We included 630 patients without baseline HTN and with at least 1 year of follow-up. Of these, 72% were male, mean age was 39 ± 13 years, and 43% used TNFi at baseline. On follow-up (median 5 yrs), 129 developed incident HTN and 163 started on TNFi during follow-up. TNFi use was not associated with incident HTN (adjusted HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.83–1.37).

Conclusion

In our prospective AS cohort, TNFi use was not significantly associated with incident HTN.
Spinal Radiographic Progression and Predictors of Progression in Patients With Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis Receiving Ixekizumab Over 2 Years
Authors: Heijde Désirée van der , Østergaard Mikkel , Reveille John D. , Baraliakos Xenofon , Kronbergs Andris , Sandoval David M. , Li Xiaoqi , Carlier Hilde , Adams David H. , Maksymowych Walter P.
Published: December 2021

Objective

To evaluate the long-term effect of ixekizumab (IXE) on radiographic changes in the spine in patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA) by measuring change from baseline through 2 years in modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS), and to identify potential predictors of progression.

Methods

This study evaluates patients from COAST-V (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02696785, biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug–naïve) and COAST-W (NCT02696798, tumor necrosis factor inhibitor–experienced) who had mSASSS data at baseline in the originating studies and 108 weeks after baseline in the extension study COAST-Y (NCT03129100). We examined the proportion of patients who did not have spinal radiographic progression through 2 years (108 weeks) of treatment with IXE (80 mg every 2 or 4 weeks) and the change from baseline to year 2 in mSASSS. Potential predictors of spinal radiographic progression were also evaluated.

Results

Among patients with evaluable radiographs who were originally assigned to IXE (n = 230), mean (SD) change in mSASSS from baseline at year 2 was 0.3 (1.8). The proportion of nonprogressors over 2 years was 89.6% if defined as mSASSS change from baseline < 2 and 75.7% if defined as mSASSS change from baseline ≤ 0. Predictors of structural progression at year 2 (mSASSS change > 0) were age ≥ 40, baseline syndesmophytes, HLA-B27 positivity, and male sex. Week 52 inflammation in Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada spine was also a predictor of radiographic progression at year 2 in patients with magnetic resonance imaging data in COAST-V (n = 109).

Conclusion

The majority of patients with r-axSpA receiving IXE had no radiographic progression in the spine through 2 years of treatment. Predictors were generally consistent with previous studies.
Efficacy and Safety of Ustekinumab in Patients With Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Results of a Phase II Open-label Extension Study
Authors: van Vollenhoven Ronald F. , Hahn Bevra H. , Tsokos George C. , Lipsky Peter , Gordon Robert M. , Fei Kaiyin , Lo Kim Hung , Chevrier Marc , Rose Shawn , Berry Pamela , Yao Zhenling , Karyekar Chetan S. , Zuraw Qing
Published: December 2021

Objective

To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of ustekinumab through 2 years in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

This was a placebo-controlled (week 24), phase II study in 102 patients with seropositive active SLE. Patients were randomized to ustekinumab (approximately 6 mg/kg single intravenous infusion, then subcutaneous [SC] injections of 90 mg every 8 weeks) or placebo, added to background therapy. Placebo patients initiated ustekinumab (90 mg SC every 8 weeks) at week 24. Patients could enter an optional open-label study extension after week 40 (final ustekinumab administration at week 104). Efficacy assessments included Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K), SLEDAI-2K Responder Index-4 (SRI-4), physician global assessment (PGA), and Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index (CLASI). Observed data are reported for the extension period. The final efficacy assessment was at week 112; safety was monitored through week 120.

Results

In this subset of patients who entered the study extension, 24 in the ustekinumab group and 14 in the placebo crossover group completed study treatment. At week 112, 79% and 92%, respectively, had an SRI-4 response; 92% in both groups had ≥ 4-point improvement from baseline in SLEDAI-2K score; 79% and 93%, respectively, had ≥ 30% improvement from baseline in PGA; 86% and 91%, respectively, had ≥ 50% improvement in active joint (pain and inflammation) count; and 79% and 100%, respectively, had ≥ 50% improvement in CLASI Activity Score. No deaths, malignancies, opportunistic infections, or tuberculosis cases occurred. Safety events were consistent with the known ustekinumab safety profile.

Conclusion

Of the 46 patients who entered the voluntary extension of this phase II study, clinical benefit in global and organ-specific SLE activity measures was observed with ustekinumab through 2 years with no new or unexpected safety findings. [ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02349061]
La mise en jeu de l’attention. Réflexions sur le travail d’accompagnement des artistes professionnels en situation de handicap
Authors: Laurès Corinne , Verdier Maud
Published: December 2021

Depuis quelques années on assiste à une évolution profonde du champ du spectacle vivant avec l’accès des personnes en situation de handicap mental et psychique aux métiers artistiques. Cet article se propose de faire le bilan des nouvelles pratiques éducatives qui ont émergé suite à cette évolution et d’interroger la position de l’accompagnement socio-éducatif et ses transformations. Prenant appui sur leurs connaissances des pratiques artistiques qui se déploient actuellement en France et en Europe, les auteures questionnent la nature des compétences et le style de ces professionnels du champ médico-social qui souhaitent accompagner les comédiens et les comédiennes dans leurs trajectoires professionnelles.
Qu’apporte la discipline du travail social à la profession du travail social ? L’expérience des hautes écoles de travail social en Suisse romande
Authors: Grand Olivier
Published: December 2021

Le développement de la discipline du travail social intègre en Suisse des influences culturelles et linguistiques multiples. Considérant ces influences, il peut être questionné quel est l’apport de la discipline du travail social à la profession du travail social. En référence à des travaux provenant de Suisse alémanique, la discipline du travail social est à considérer comme une science appliquée, au service de la profession du travail social. Elle doit être orientée vers la résolution de problématiques spécifiques à ce champ professionnel et à ses mandats. Au final, il y a un intérêt qu’elle soit pleinement légitime, notamment pour ce qui concerne la lutte pour les ressources et la justice sociale.
Entre don et care . La problématique des relations d’accompagnement
Authors: Jung Thomas
Published: December 2021

L’un des enjeux du travail social consiste à trouver un juste équilibre en une pratique du care équitable et rationnelle, et la présence d’une symbolique du don au sein des échanges entre professionnels et usagers. Si le don ouvre la porte à l’interprétation subjective jugée incompatible avec les attentes gestionnaires de la pratique du care , il permet également au lien de se tisser dans la relation d’accompagnement. Le juste équilibre entre don et care s’avère une épreuve complexe pour le travail social contemporain.
Le réalisme d’Éric Rohmer
Authors: de Saxcé Anne
Published: December 2021

L’article se propose de réfléchir au rôle de l’artiste par rapport à son œuvre et à la possibilité pour l’art de dire quelque chose sur le réel, en s’attachant à suivre la pensée d’Éric Rohmer sur le cinéma. Il développe d’abord la définition originale que Rohmer propose du réalisme et qui lui permet de soutenir que l’art a pour mission de faire voir la beauté du monde, avant de s’intéresser à la manière dont le langage peut participer à ce projet définition de ce que doit être, pour le cinéaste, l’œuvre d’art.
Impact du confinement et des séances par visioconférence sur la clinique de l’adoption
Authors: Skandrani Sara , Harf Aurélie , Maley-Régley Sophie , Breton Sarah , Moro Marie Rose , Radjack Rahmeth
Published: December 2021

L’équipe de consultation d’adoption internationale de la Maison des Adolescents de l’Hôpital Cochin revient dans cet article sur sa pratique de séances par visioconférence avec les familles durant la période de confinement. Les observations cliniques révèlent pour certaines familles une période de régression, vécue comme harmonieuse et nécessaire, permettant le renforcement des liens filiatifs et les identifications réciproques. Les séances en visioconférence représentaient alors un espace intermédiaire entre l’espace familial à proprement parler et l’espace thérapeutique classique. Les situations cliniques marquées par une clinique traumatique importante se sont en revanche avérées problématiques, tant dans le vécu contre-transférentiel de l’équipe thérapeutique que dans leur intérêt clinique. La déstabilisation du métacadre a alors fragilisé la contenance ainsi que la fonction transitionnelle du cadre thérapeutique.
Progressive Myelinated Retinal Nerve Fibers in Children With Craniosynostosis
Authors: Chung Seung Ah , Kim Chung Woon , Kim Seung Woo
Published: December 2021

The authors found the changes of myelinated retinal nerve fibers in one pair of identical twins with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis and two patients with Crouzon syndrome, who were at risk for impaired lamina cribrosa barrier function. This is the first report of progressive and presumed acquired myelinated retinal nerve fibers in craniosynostosis.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(6):e40–e43.]
Eye, Ocular Adnexa, and Facial Manifestations of Tetrasomy 18p
Authors: Saadeh-Jackson Stephanie , King Kayla , Al Saif Hind , Jackson-Cook Colleen , Schleede Justin , Couser Natario L.
Published: December 2021

Tetrasomy 18p is often the result of an additional isochromosome for the short arm of chromosome 18. Although many organ systems are affected phenotypically, the ocular manifestations associated with tetrasomy 18p have not been well characterized in the literature. This case report presents the ocular and facial features associated with tetrasomy 18p in a 4-year-old Black girl, along with a review of clinical presentations previously reported in the literature. A systematic review of the literature in PubMed was conducted to summarize the reported eye, ocular adnexa, and distinctive facial features in individuals with confirmed tetrasomy 18p. Searching “Tetrasomy 18p” generated 65 article results, of which 28 articles had sufficient eye and facial descriptions. Including the patient in this report, 90 patients had confirmed tetrasomy 18p. The most common features noted in these 90 patients, with a roughly equal male-to-female ratio of impact (7:8), were as follows: microcephaly (57%), triangular facies (18%), anomalous palpebral fissures (31%), strabismus (48%), low-set ears (52%), hearing loss to some extent (16%), depressed or flat nasal bridge (18%), smooth philtrum (41%), thin upper lip (27%), and highly arched palate (21%). Additionally, many were noted to have feeding difficulties (28%), developmental delay (58%), and abnormal brain findings on imaging (20%). Muscle tone was abnormal in 23% of the patients. This report elucidates the reoccurring eye, ocular adnexa, and distinctive facial features associated with tetrasomy 18p. This knowledge may assist in timely diagnosis and encourage providers to use a multidisciplinary approach for the treatment of affected individuals.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(6):e44–e48.]
Antimicrobial activities encountered by sulfur nanoparticles combating Staphylococcal species harboring sccmecA recovered from acne vulgaris
Authors: Hashem Noha M. ,   Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt, Hosny Alaa El-Din M.S. , Abdelrahman Ali A. , Zakeer Samira ,   Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University,   Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, MTI University, Egypt,   Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Egypt
Published: December 2021

Over decades, sulfur has been employed for treatment of many dermatological diseases, several skin and soft tissue, and Staphylococcus infections. Because of its abuse, resistant bacterial strains have emerged. Nanotechnology has presented a new horizon to overcome abundant problems including drug resistance. Nano-sized sulfur has proven to retain bactericidal activity. Consequently, the specific aims of this study are exclusively directed to produce various sulfur nanoparticles formulations with control of particle size and morphology and investigate the antibacterial activity response specifically classified by the category of responses of different formulations, for the treatment of acne vulgaris resistant to conventional antibiotics. In this study, we produced uncoated sulfur nanoparticles (SNPs), sulfur nano-composite with chitosan (CS-SNPs), and sulfur nanoparticles coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG-SNPs) and evaluate their bactericidal impact against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from 173 patients clinically diagnosed acne vulgaris. Accompanied with molecular investigations of ermB and mecA resistance genes distribution among the isolates. Sulfur nanoparticles were synthesized using acid precipitation method and were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersed x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Moreover, agar diffusion and broth micro-dilution methods were applied to determine their antibacterial activity and their minimum inhibitory concentration. PCR analysis for virulence factors detection. Results: TEM analysis showed particle size of SNPs (11.7 nm), PEG-SNPs (27 nm) and CS-SNPs (33 nm). Significant antibacterial activity from nanoparticles formulations in 100% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with inhibition zone 30 mm and MIC at 5.5 µg/mL. Furthermore, the prevalence of mecA gene was the most abundant among the isolates while ermB gene was infrequent. Conclusions: sulfur nanoparticles preparations are an effective treatment for most Staphylococcus bacteria causing acne vulgaris harboring multi-drug resistance virulence factors.
Exploring the preconception of the first year of medical students on medicine before entering medical school
Authors: Kang Ye Ji , Hwang Jun Soo , Lin Yanyan , Lee Hyo Jeong , Han Sang Yun , Kim Do-Hwan
Published: December 2021

Purpose: First-year students can form a preconception based on life experiences before entering college and identifying learners’ existing characteristics can be useful foundation data for curriculum development. This study examines what preconceptions freshman students had about medicine before entering medical school.Methods: A total of 110 first-year students were asked about what preconceptions they had about “medicine”. A total of 1,124 data were used in the content analysis method.Results: The results were extracted into 5, and 12 twelve categories. On the theme of “scientific discipline”, the knowledge students had about general health was based on scant expertise and little evidence. Students perceived medicine as Western and scientific, considering Korean traditional medicine as unscientific. Students believed that “medical practice” should be a “disease treatment” and “patient-centered” approach rather than a “social responsibility”. In “the role of the doctor”, students were concerned about the doctor's being financially stable on the positive side, and about the high-intensity workload on the negative side. In “medical education”, students believed that studying medicine would be “hard and difficult” because of the “importance of memorizing” and “extensive study load”. In “specialty stereotype”, students had biases that were mostly concentrated on “psychiatry” and “surgery”Conclusion: Perception of “medicine” has been revealed to a varied range of themes, but some have been inaccurate or unrealistic. These prejudices and groundless beliefs have a gap with the learning outcomes that students should achieve in the curriculum, and these preconceptions seem to have been influenced by South Korea’s unique cultural context.
Analysis and suggestions on medical educators’ roles
Authors: Joo Meeran , Chae Yoo-mi , Lim Man-Sup , Park Seok-gun
Published: December 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the differences in the perception between professors and students regarding medical educators’ roles and discuss their desirable roles.Methods: A survey was administered to 116 professors and 379 students of the medical colleges from Dankook University and Hallym University. The subjects were given a self-created questionnaire designed to measure their perception of medical educators’ roles.Results: First, “student performance management” for professors and “teaching skill development” for students were recognized as the most essential medical educators’ role. Second, females students perceived the roles to be more important than males in eight of 10 roles.Conclusion: First, “student performance management” for professors and “teaching skill development” for students were recognized as the most essential medical educators’ role. Second, females students perceived the roles to be more important than males in eight of 10 roles.
Durability of UHPFRC functionalised with nanoadditives due to synergies in the action of sulphate and chloride in cracked and uncracked states
Authors: Giménez M. , Alonso M.C. , Menéndez E. , Criado M.
Published: December 2021

This paper studies the durability of Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) with high Blast Furnace Slag content (BFS) and nanoadditives such as crystalline admixture (CA), alumina nanofibres (ANF) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), exposed to different aggressive environmental conditions: 1) three aggressive media: a) deionized water (dw), b) sulphate rich solution (ss) and c) simulated geothermal water (sgw) containing sulphate and chloride; 2) two water interaction conditions: a) static and b) dynamic (water impact); and 3) with and without the presence of cracks. Durability was analysed over 24 months, measuring several physical and chemical parameters of the system, recording changes in both the aggressive media and the concrete. All UHPFRC types demonstrate good durability, showing high resistance to expansion and deformation in the sulphate-rich media. A leaching process occurs in all water interaction systems, the dynamic interaction in sgw being the most aggressive. The interaction of sgw inside the crack favours the formation of solid phases such as calcium carbonates and ettringite, while the presence of nanoadditives affects the response of both the matrix and the formation of precipitates within the crack.
Fases de ocupación y estratigrafía del asentamiento neolítico de Les Guixeres de Vilobí (Sant Martí Sarroca, Barcelona)
Authors: Oms F. Xavier , Mestres Josep , Martínez-Grau Héctor , Laborda Rafael , Antolín Ferran , Bergadà M. Mercè , Emens Alejandro , Gibaja Juan F. , González Olivares Cynthia , Mangado Xavier , Martín Patricia , Mas Bàrbara , Nadal Jordi , Fullola Josep M.
Published: December 2021

Les Guixeres de Vilobí (Sant Martí Sarroca, Penedès, Barcelona) es un yacimiento al aire libre de unos 2500 m2 de extensión, excavados en un 10 % aproximadamente. Su estratigrafía tiene 4 fases documentadas del Neolítico Antiguo Cardial, Neolítico Antiguo Epicardial, Neolítico Postcardial y Neolítico Final. Las ocupaciones se caracterizan por niveles arqueológicos más o menos extensos y por la presencia de numerosas estructuras negativas: agujeros de poste, cubetas, estructuras de combustión, fosas-contenedor y silos. En la fase del Neolítico Cardial, la que tiene más material, se han hallado tres ámbitos que proponemos como unidades habitacionales. Las 9 dataciones radiocarbónicas (7 inéditas) que se presentan permiten inferir que las ocupaciones han sido muy continuadas en el tiempo, entre 5600-5200 cal BC para la fase A, c. 5000-4700 cal BC para la fase B, c. 4650-4450 cal BC para la fase C y c. 3350-3100 cal BC para la fase D. Estos datos cronológicos se completan con los resultados preliminares del análisis de la cultura material del yacimiento. Por último, se presenta especial atención a la comparación de esta con la derivada de las estructuras de hábitat entre el Neolítico Antiguo y el Neolítico Final en diferentes regiones del Mediterráneo occidental.
Aportaciones al conocimiento del Mesolítico Antiguo en la vertiente mediterránea de la península ibérica: la Balma del Barranc de La Fontanella (Vilafranca, Castelló)
Authors: Roman Monroig Dídac , Domingo Sanz Inés
Published: December 2021

En este artículo damos a conocer por primera vez las ocupaciones humanas del Mesolítico Antiguo del abrigo del Barranc de La Fontanella (Vilafranca, Castelló). La presencia humana en el valle del Ebro y Catalunya parece bien constatada en este periodo por un buen número de yacimientos. Sin embargo, la actual provincia de Castelló, que es la continuidad natural de este territorio por el sureste, carecía hasta ahora de evidencias claras de una ocupación en estos momentos. El análisis de la industria lítica de La Fontanella, dominada por un complejo de muescas y denticulados, y las dataciones radiocarbónicas obtenidas sobre restos faunísticos nos permiten confirmar, con datos fiables, que los grupos humanos también ocuparon este territorio y que, además, lo hicieron en los momentos iniciales del desarrollo del Mesolítico Antiguo a inicios de la segunda mitad del XI milenio cal BP. Los datos obtenidos en La Fontanella se contextualizan con los del resto de yacimientos conocidos con el fin de ofrecer una síntesis actualizada del periodo a escala de la península ibérica.
El askos de Ulaca (Solosancho, Ávila) y el simbolismo del toro entre los vettones
Authors: Álvarez-Sanchís Jesús R. , Rodríguez-Hernández Jesús , Ruiz Zapatero Gonzalo
Published: December 2021

En las excavaciones arqueológicas de 2004 en la necrópolis de Ulaca (Solosancho, Ávila) apareció un askos con forma de toro. Las figuras de bóvidos y otros animales realizadas en arcilla son una manifestación modesta, pero muy significativa, de la importancia de estas especies en el marco de la Segunda Edad del Hierro. Se estudia la pieza, su contexto arqueológico y su funcionalidad. Además, se relacionan estos singulares vasos zoomorfos con el concepto de liminalidad, en sentido amplio, y el valor simbólico del toro en el occidente de la meseta.
La Dama de Elche (La Alcudia, Alicante) y sus contextos arqueológicos
Authors: Moratalla Jávega Jesús
Published: December 2021

Este artículo analiza las huellas de utillaje identificadas en la Dama de Elche, ofreciendo una nueva documentación sobre esta emblemática pieza. Los resultados permiten cuestionar el carácter de busto que tradicionalmente se ha adjudicado a la escultura. En paralelo, se revisa la documentación bibliográfica sobre las circunstancias de su hallazgo en 1897 en el contexto de los descubrimientos posteriores en el territorio ibérico y de las intervenciones arqueológicas en La Alcudia desde 2017. Por último, se propone un recorrido de la escultura desde su función prístina como urna funeraria, pasando por su conversión en busto y su uso final como simple mampuesto de una construcción por definir.
Les soldats du département de la Sarthe à la veille de la guerre de 1870-1871
Authors: Soudjian Guy
Published: December 2021

S’appuyant sur le dépouillement et l’exploitation statistique des sources imprimées de la conscription militaire à la veille de la guerre de 1870, la présente étude s’efforce de dresser une typologie des conscrits originaires du département de la Sarthe. On connaît mieux les évènements qui ont émaillé la guerre que les combattants eux-mêmes. Certes, plusieurs témoins nous ont légué leurs précieux témoignages en les publiant à chaud, quelques années après les évènements, ou au soir de leur existence. Les informations croisées relatives aux professions, au remplacement, au degré d’instruction et à la stature complètent ces témoignages issus du for privé. Il s’en dégage une sorte de portrait-type – beaucoup moins linéaire qu’on pourrait le croire à première analyse – des jeunes gens emportés dans la tourmente de « l’Année terrible ». Ce portrait moyen est aussi l’occasion de mieux cerner la situation du département de la Sarthe, notamment par rapport aux autres départements de l’Ouest – la Mayenne assurément parce que limitrophe et appartenant en grande partie à l’ancienne province historique du Maine – mais aussi la Bretagne, au regard des niveaux de vie et d’alphabétisation, du développement biologique, voire d’indices culturels plus fins encore concernant le consentement au service militaire.
Du « fardeau migratoire » au fardeau des migrants. L’exil à Malte ou la condition d’entre-emplois
Authors: Puygrenier Lucas
Published: December 2021

Confronté à un « fardeau migratoire » jugé insoutenable par les autorités, Malte apparaît comme l’un des espaces emblématiques de l’exclusion des exilés en Europe. La relégation des indésirables, reclus dans les « centres ouverts » de l’île, ne se résume pas pour autant à leur retrait pur et simple de l’économie et de la société locale. En étudiant les circulations entre les institutions d’État destinées à exclure les exilés et l’organisation routinière du travail informel sur l’île, l’article explore les ambivalences entre la mise à l’écart et la mise au travail des personnes « indésirables », entre la doctrine du « fardeau migratoire » et le fardeau qui incombe aux personnes en exil dans le monde productif maltais. Il s’agit alors de montrer comment les exilés sont appelés à rejoindre les rangs de ce que l’on appellera l’« entre-emplois » : remplissant les interstices que forme un capitalisme dont les besoins de travail erratiques, ponctuels et éphémères supposent de trouver continuellement à sa disposition une population en attente, force de travail sans cesse mobilisable et démobilisable.
The Familiar Tune of Refugee, Migrant, and Displaced Worker Exploitation in the Lebanese Labour Market
Authors: Dahdah Assaf
Published: December 2021

The Lebanese labor market is based on the exploitation of foreign workers. This system, built and supervised by the State, aims to keep Palestinian refugees, the Syrian displaced population as well as African and Asian migrants in a precarious status that ensures their confinement at the bottom of the social and professional hierarchy. If according to the North American and European models newcomers tend to replace those already established who are able to move up thanks to community networks and niches, in Lebanon the political and institutional framework only makes such a movement possible at the margin and in an informal way. This article sheds light on one of the shortfalls of the musical chairs game theory popularized by Waldinger (1994) through an analysis of the local economic and political situation fraught with successive crises.
Local “Battlegrounds”. Relocating Multi-Level and Multi-Actor Governance of Immigration
Authors: Dimitriadis Iraklis , Hajer Minke H. J. , Fontanari Elena , Ambrosini Maurizio
Published: December 2021

The multi-level governance (MLG) approach is widely used to understand the complex processes of immigration policymaking. In this literature review, we consider both (i) the vertical dimension of MLG: the local, regional, national, European, or even global level; and (ii) the horizontal dimension of MLG: the relations between public and non-public actors. While focusing on the local level, this review identifies a trend regarding, on the one hand, local processes of bordering, and local policies of inclusion on the other. Furthermore, the article reviews how civil society has responded to the arrival of refugees. It identifies how this literature pays insufficient attention to dimensions of conflict and, more specifically, to how local borders can be challenged. Moreover, it shows a lack of attention to anti-migrant responses, and to the interaction between migrants and civil society regarding immigration governance. Concluding, the paper argues for the adoption of a “battleground” perspective as a more dynamic basis for the MLG approach.
Fictions d’enfants, fictions d’élèves. Rencontres avec des sculptures contemporaines en 6e
Authors: Claude Marie-Sylvie , Rayou Patrick
Published: December 2021

Si tous les enfants sont capables d’exprimer, à l’écrit comme à l’oral, des ressentis et des jugements qui témoignent de compétences esthétiques, ils se révèlent, comme élèves à profils socialement contrastés, inégalement compétents à leur donner la forme qu’attend l’école dans sa façon de traiter les objets du monde. Cet article le montre en s’appuyant sur une enquête auprès d’enfants de deux classes de sixième découvrant des sculptures modernes et contemporaines au jardin des Tuileries. L’étude de ce qu’ils disent des œuvres, à la lumière de deux appuis théoriques croisés, l’un issu de la didactique et l’autre de la sociologie des apprentissages, permet de mieux comprendre ce qui peut faire difficulté, pour une partie d’entre eux, quand ils sont élèves, plus précisément dans le cadre du cours de français.
Vers un curriculum global ? Une perspective comparative sur les transformations curriculaires en France et au Québec
Authors: Mathou Cécile
Published: December 2021

Alors que la diffusion de réformes basées sur une approche par compétences soulève la question de la standardisation des curricula à l’échelle globale, on sait peu de choses sur la façon dont ces tendances communes sont recontextualisées dans les contextes éducatifs nationaux. Cet article propose de retracer les transformations curriculaires en France et au Québec sur la période 2000-2015, à partir d’une analyse des textes qui constituent le curriculum formel. À la lumière de la sociologie du curriculum, la comparaison à la fois diachronique et synchronique permet de complexifier la vision de tendances mondiales uniformisantes, de souligner des recontextualisations nationales contrastées et de poser la question du pourquoi des différences observées.
Trends in Blockchain Technologies
Authors: Passarelli Mariacarmela , Cariola Alfio , Bongiorno Giuseppe
Published: December 2021

The aim of this work is to investigate emerging research trends and propose an evidence-based roadmap for encouraging further research into the management of blockchain technology. A bibliometric analysis is proposed, with a focus on intellectual property (IP) issues, in the field of blockchain technology. Then, the study highlights the main benefits that blockchain provides as well as the main difficulties, barriers, and challenges that emerge from the literature. The present study provides a reference for scientific communities to understand the current state of blockchain technology, thereby contributing to future research in the area. Moreover, it offers industrial implications and recommendations for entrepreneurs, managers, and practitioners.
Experimental Investigations and Multi-Objective Optimization of Selective Inhibition Sintering Process Using the Dragonfly Algorithm
Authors: M. Siva Kumar , D. Rajamani , E. Balsubramanian
Published: December 2021

The chapter focuses on utilizing a hybrid approach of response surface methodology and dragonfly algorithm for investigations and optimization of the selective inhibition sintering (SIS) process to improve the mechanical strengths such as tensile and flexural of fabricated high density polyethylene parts. The layer thickness (LT), heater energy (HE), heater and printer feedrate (HFR & PFR) are considered as the independent variables for the investigation. The SIS experiments are planned and conducted through a response surface methodology-based box-Behnken design approach to fabricate the test specimens. The optimal SIS parameters are obtained through a swarm intelligence metaheuristic technique namely dragonfly algorithm (DFA). The optimal parameter settings of LT of 0.102 mm, HE of 28.46 J/mm2, HFR of 3.22 mm/sec, and PFR of 110.49 mm/min are achieved through DFA for improved tensile and flexural strengths of 26.21 MPa and 65.71 MPa, respectively. Further, the prediction ability of DFA was compared with particle swarm optimization algorithm.