bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electro-Mechanical Design Engineering: A Progress Report and Future Directions for Mechatronics Education
Authors: Altintas Yusuf , Croft Elizabeth A.
Published: February 2013

The Electro-Mechanical Design Engineering programme has been in place as a five-year combined interdisciplinary programme in mechanical and electronics engineering at the University of British Columbia since 1994. The students take almost all mechanical and most of the core electronics engineering courses during the first four years. They spend at least two four-month-long summer terms in industry as cooperative education students, where they receive training in practical design, drafting, manufacturing and instrumentation. The fifth year is dedicated to the complete design and manufacturing of a computer controlled machine in industry. Teams of students design the complete mechanical system with actuators, sensors and computer control units under the joint supervision of a faculty member and a qualified engineer designated by the sponsoring company. Upon the completion and testing of the full electro-mechanical machine and four graduate courses, the students receive a Bachelor and Master of Engineering in Electro-Mechanical Engineering. The Electro-Mechanical students receive academic and industrial training in mechanical, electronics and software engineering, and are in high demand in industry and academia upon graduation. The present status and future of this programme, including the proposed expansion of the programme to the M.A.Sc. Degree (currently under faculty review), is discussed.
A Capstone Senior Design Project: Thermal Design of Insulated Pipes That Carry Hot Single-Phase Fluids and are Immersed in Atmospheric Air
Authors: Campo Antonio
Published: February 2013

The accurate estimation of the insulation thickness of pipes carrying hot fluids may be achieved rapidly in an unprecedented manner articulating knowledge of courses on numerical methods and heat transfer. The aim of this paper on engineering education is to demonstrate that the algebraic solution of a lumped energy equation combined with an iterative solution of a nonlinear algebraic equation enables students to design insulation thicknesses of pipes carrying hot fluids with laminar or turbulent motion. The input data for the lumped energy equation consists of two parts. The internal part requires the use of the distribution of axial-mean internal Nusselt number for a thin-walled pipe with a prescribed surface temperature. The external part demands the use of the peripheral-mean external Nusselt number for a solid cylinder at a constant temperature. The allowable heat loss to the ambient air constitutes the primary design constraint in the thermal design project. The preliminary phase of such a project is covered in all text books on heat transfer from a simple and unrealistic idealization of one-dimensional conduction of heat, but has never been attempted for a realistic situation of two-dimensional convection of heat.
The Essential Physics of Thermoelectricity for Mechanical Engineers
Authors: Nuwayhid R. Y.
Published: February 2013

Frequently, mechanical engineers are interested in the generation of power, and as such study the efficiency of a specific system by applying the principles of classical thermodynamics. Studying a thermoelectric generator is no different and the thermodynamics involved fall into the same group classed as heat-engines. Beyond that the mechanical engineer usually falters as electronic and material aspects come into play. While a full study is quite involved, presented here is a simplified attempt to bring out the basics that underline the physical processes involved in a thermoelectric generator. The engineering student of energy conversion and thermoelectricity is thus exposed somewhat to the physics without necessarily going into specialized detail. Inherently involving several related yet distinct mechanical and electronic engineering fundamental topics, thermoelectricity provides a perfect interdisciplinary vehicle for an early introduction to engineering design.
A Teaching Program for Gaseous Equilibrium
Authors: Lewins J. D.
Published: February 2013

This article demonstrates the use of a teaching program written in MATHCAD® which can be converted to other languges in MATLAB® by showing samples of the output graphs produced by the program. The program illustrates the minimum of the Gibbs function that governs chemical equilibrium.
The Effect of Mean Stress Components in High-Cycle, Biaxial Fatigue
Authors: Munday Edgar G.
Published: February 2013

A new method is presented to obtain the effect of mean stress components in high-cycle, biaxial fatigue. It is assumed that the time-varying stress state can be represented as a superposition of mean components, and proportionally applied alternating components. The method takes into account the relative orientation of the mean and alternating principal stress axes by making the ‘equivalent mean stress’ depend on the alternating components as well as the mean stress components. The method correlates well with the available data. The new method is compared with three popular methods.
A Study on the Combined Effect of Axle Friction and Rolling Resistance
Authors: Sönmez Murat
Published: February 2013

Many textbooks on mechanics for engineering students and engineers consider the concepts of rolling resistance and axle friction separately, expecting readers to combine the given analysis for each of them in determining, for instance, the magnitude of the force needed to move a railroad car. However, this requires a thorough free-body diagram analysis and, since examples are not typically included in the textbooks, students may have difficulty solving such problems. This study represents the solution of the problem in terms of both the dry axle friction and the rolling resistance. It is also suggested as a good synthesis problem that may be considered in teaching the effect of dry friction to engineering students.
Mean Temperature of Heat Reception as Applied to the Rankine Cycle
Authors: Liley P. E.
Published: February 2013

An alternative, possibly simpler, thermodynamic analysis of Rankine cycles is proposed.
A Computer-Generated ‘Pseudo-Experiment’ in Fluid Mechanics
Authors: Dye R. C. F.
Published: February 2013

The paper presents experience in setting up and running a computer-based alternative to a traditional undergraduate laboratory class as part of an introductory course in fluid mechanics. The ‘pseudo-experiment’ is not a computer simulation but provides each individual student with a realistic set of experimental readings (including likely random errors) for a real set of apparatus on which they have earlier conducted a real ‘hands-on’ experiment, and which was available for them to inspect or operate in their own time. Students were expected to process the results supplied and then write the usual form of full report on the experiment, including of course a full discussion of the results obtained. The results the students obtained were very close to what would have been obtained by real measurement at the flow rate given, and the inclusion of a realistic level of random error ensured that these results varied slightly from student to student, thus inhibiting copying of work. The arrangement eased timetabling problems and provided a significant saving in academic resource while retaining many of the advantages of a real hands-on laboratory class, and enhanced the students' educational experience compared with earlier arrangements. An additional advantage of the system adopted was that each student's correct calculated output was exactly known so that marking could be undertaken by paid postgraduate assistants rather than academic staff.
Comparative Studies: CFD, Experimental and Analytical Techniques in the Fluids Laboratory
Authors: Bullough W. A. , Hart J. H. , Chin S. B.
Published: February 2013

This task is concerned with the recovery of pressure in a fluid as it flows through various conical diffusers of the same inlet (d) and outlet (D) diameters, but with different included angles (2θ). In particular, it involves comparison of the measured and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predicted pressure recovery coefficients (PRC) and, for modelling purposes only, illustrating the effect of the choice of boundary conditions, pressure recovery patterns along the diffusers and the use of PreBFC. The fluid is air (density ρ and dynamic viscosity μ); the test rigs available are existing open-circuit wind tunnels.
On Springs and Matrices
Authors: Altus Eli
Published: February 2013

It is shown that the mechanical behavior of an elementary two-spring structure can be used as a direct realization of practically all those concepts of matrix analysis that are usually taught in undergraduate engineering studies: positiveness, symmetry, eigenvalues (vectors) with their orthogonality and extreme properties, invariants, similarity, and so on. The interaction between pure mathematical concepts and a well known physical example creates an associative learning process that helps students to grasp abstract ideas and naturally generalizes scientific concepts from their intuitive level on the physical space to their abstract n-dimensional framework. It is therefore proposed that matrix (tensor) algebra should be explored as an inherent part of the basic course in mechanics.
The Centre of Twist for a Prismatic Bar under Free Torsion
Authors: Li Shuguang
Published: February 2013

This paper presents a proof that the centre of twist for a prismatic bar under torsion coincides with the centroid of the cross-section. The centre of twist has long been regarded as arbitrary, since the consequence of a differently chosen centre of twist amounts only to a rigid-body rotation. However, what has not been properly addressed is that an arbitrarily chosen centre of twist results in an inconsistency in the formulation of conventional torsion theory.
Mechanical Engineering Curricula: A Baseline Study for the Future Effects of ABET EC2000
Authors: Whiteman Colonel Wayne E.
Published: February 2013

The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) is recognized by the US Department of Education as the sole agency responsible for accreditation of educational programs leading to degrees in engineering, engineering technology, and related engineering areas. Starting in 2001, engineering programs are being accredited under the new Engineering Criteria 2000 (EC2000). The philosophy of Engineering Criteria 2000 is to allow institutions and programs to define their mission and objectives to meet the needs of their constituents and enable program differentiation. Emphasis is placed on continuous improvement of programs based on the input of constituents and a process that links outcomes and assessment to program objectives. This paper is a preliminary study of selected mechanical engineering programs to discern the impact of EC2000 on curriculum development. Data on the layout and composition of mechanical engineering curricula for nine schools in the United States with PhD programs and nine schools without PhD programs are presented. This research establishes a baseline for these mechanical engineering programs at the beginning of EC2000 implementation. A follow-on study in two to three years in envisioned. This follow-on study will compare results and identify any significant changes in curricula as the EC2000 assessment process matures.
An Open Oscillatory Heat Pipe Steam-Powered Boat
Authors: Dobson R. T.
Published: February 2013

An open oscillatory heat pipe is a very simple device that is capable of doing work. Although as an engine its thermal efficiency is relatively poor, as a heat transfer device it can transfer a relatively large quantity of heat against gravity, without a wicking material or any moving parts. The thermal and fluid dynamic equations are given whereby the device may be mathematically modelled. Computer-generated results for thrust, pressure and temperature as a function of time are given and discussed. Comparing the theoretical with experimentally obtained thrust curves, it is concluded that the mathematical model reflects the physical behaviour of the device reasonably well. Limitations of the present model are discussed and it is recommended that the device should find application in heat transfer rather than as an engine.
Stress Characterization of Autofrettaged Thick-Walled Cylinders
Authors: Kihiu J. M. , Mutuli S. M. , Rading G. O.
Published: February 2013

The inaccessibility of commercial software has necessitated the development of low-cost, general-purpose finite element method (FEM) computer programs for structural analysis. Using the FEM program, the elastic, elastic-plastic, residual and service stresses and displacements in a closed ended, thick-walled cylinder under internal pressure were established. The displacement formulation was implemented and eight-noded brick isoparametric elements chosen. The frontal solution technique and the incremental theory of plasticity were used, as only limited computing facilities were available. The results were found to be in very good agreement with the through-thickness analytical values. The benefits of autofrettage were demonstrated and an optimum overstrain of 16% established for a cylinder with a thickness ratio of 2. The material economy achieved through autofrettage and the limitations imposed are illustrated. The FEM program could therefore be reliably used for other complex geometries and load conditions.
On the Concept of the Virtual Structure to Provide an Inextricable Link between Upper Bound Calculations and the Virtual Power Principle
Authors: Sebastian Wendel
Published: February 2013

On encountering the upper bound theorem of plasticity, students tend to be both fascinated and slightly mystified. They are favourably impressed by both the mathematical elegance of, and the significance of the output from, the application of the theorem, but they also perceive the origins of the theorem to be shrouded in mystery. Specifically, student confusion arises over the received wisdom that while virtual work arguments can be used to elegantly prove the upper bound theorem, upper bound calculations cannot, strictly speaking, be generally regarded as virtual work calculations on the original structure. As a result, the potential for innovation in structural analysis and design which stems from a firm grounding in the theorem may remain untapped in the students when they enter the design office upon graduation. The present paper tries to resolve this student enigma by arguing that if the concept of a virtual structure with special properties is introduced, then upper bound calculations on several frames can be shown to be unmitigated applications of the virtual work principle. It is then shown that reference to virtual power is more appropriate than that to virtual work, and that the hinges used in upper bound calculations are not meant to represent real plastic hinges, but rather are mathematical abstractions required for the work calculations; indeed, it is shown that the concept of the hinge applies with equal rigour to both plastic and elastic analyses. Finally a graph employing the idea of gradually varying section topology is presented to help students gain an intuitive feel for the concept of the shape factor as used for plastic analysis of structural sections. It is concluded that these ideas may well enhance students' appreciation of some key concepts of plastic theory.
An Integrated Project for Teaching the Post-Buckling of a Slender Cantilever Bar
Authors: Beléndez T. , Neipp C. , Beléndez A.
Published: February 2013

We describe an integrated project that includes theoretical, numerical and experimental studies designed to facilitate teaching the non-linear post-buckling of a cantilever column to undergraduate mechanical engineering students. We present the differential equation governing the behaviour of this mechanical system and show that this equation, although straightforward in appearance, is in fact rather difficult to solve owing to the presence of a non-linear term. In this sense, the system is similar to another well known physical system: the simple pendulum. This educational paper also addresses a simplified procedure for calculating the elliptical integrals that appear when the differential equation is solved. We present numerical results for various cases. Finally, we compare the theoretical results with the experimental ones obtained in the laboratory using materials which are easily and cheaply sourced.
An Example of the Interaction between Virtual and Physical Experiments in Dynamics
Authors: Lee H. P.
Published: February 2013

A web-based interactive virtual experiment on the subject of conservation of angular momentum is presented. Students can perform the virtual experiment anywhere via the web before executing the actual physical experiment in a laboratory. The virtual experiment is designed to incorporate factors and parameters that could be estimated or fixed arbitrarily, or to be varied based on the results of the physical experiment. Students will then have a better understanding of the limitations of a virtual experiment and how a physical experiment could help to refine the corresponding virtual experiment.
Using a Problem-Solving Heuristic to Teach Engineering Graphics
Authors: Kimmel Shari J. , Deek Fadi P. , Kimmel Howard S.
Published: February 2013

Students often experience difficulties in developing an adequate understanding of how to solve engineering graphics problems using traditional teaching methods. Application of an explicit problem-solving technique to graphics problems can help students to understand the solution strategy. This method reinforces the details of the process, enabling students to apply the same techniques to more complicated problems. The problem-solving heuristic involves devising and evaluating a solution plan before it is implemented. Without such a solution plan, students are more likely to rush into an ill-conceived solution design without any meaningful preliminary thought. By considering a detailed solution plan for even simple problems, students should gain an in-depth understanding of the class material. This paper presents and discusses the implementation of a problem-solving approach to engineering graphics, which can be applied to both drafting and computer-aided design (CAD) exercises. Preliminary results indicate that students' skills at solving engineering graphics problems improve as a result of implementing a structured approach towards developing a solution plan.
Multiple Strength Tests of Industrial Fasteners as an Educational Case Study
Authors: Goddard Donald L.
Published: February 2013

The advantages and challenges of the study of fastener materials is investigated as a teaching tool. The importance of the different types of material strength are investigated in a readily available, highly variable, low cost, ubiquitous, critical machine component.
Two-Dimensional Analysis of Tandem/Staggered Airfoils Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Husain Z. , Abdullah M. Z. , Yap T. C.
Published: February 2013

The two-dimensional analysis, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), of tandem/staggered arranged airfoils of the canard and wing of an Eagle 150 aircraft and also the aerodynamic tests conducted in an open-circuit wind tunnel are presented in the paper. The wind tunnel tests were carried out at a speed of 38m/s in a test section of size 300 mm (width), 300 mm (height) and 600 mm (length), at Reynolds number 2.25 × 105. The tests were carried out with tandem and staggered placement of the airfoils in order to determine the optimum position of the wing with respect to the canard and also to determine the lift coefficient at various angles of attack. The CFD code FLUENT 5 was used to investigate the aerodynamic performance of a two-dimensional model to validate the wind tunnel results. The flow interaction was studied in the tandem and staggered arrangements in the wind tunnel as well as by the computational method. The k-ε turbulence model gave exceptionally good results.
A Computational Implementation of Modal Analysis of Continuous Dynamic Systems
Authors: Matusevich Ariel E. , Inaudi José A.
Published: February 2013

A computational implementation of modal analysis of continuous systems is presented. Modal analysis of truss, beam and shaft structures is developed in Matlab®. A numerical and an analytical method are developed for the computation of mode shapes, natural frequencies and modal equations of continuous structures using the method of separation of variables. Time domain techniques are programmed in modular functions for structural analysis. The functions constitute a set of tools of the Structural Analysis Toolbox (SAT-Lab), developed recently for teaching modelling, analysis and design of structures and mechanical systems. Application examples of the computational tools are presented.
A Project in the Determination of the Moment of Inertia
Authors: Podhorodeski Ron P. , Sobejko Paul
Published: February 2013

Analysis of the forces involved in mechanical systems requires an understanding of the dynamic properties of the system's components. In this work, a project on the determination of both the location of the centre of mass and inertial properties is described. The project involves physical testing, the proposal of approximate models, and the comparison of results. The educational goal of the project is to give students and appreciation of second mass moments and the validity of assumptions that are often applied in component modelling. This work reviews relevant equations of motion and discusses techniques to determine or estimate the centre of mass and second moment of inertia. An example project problem and solutions are presented. The value of such project problems within a first course on the theory of mechanisms is discussed.
On the Critical Radius of Insulation
Authors: Dembi N. J.
Published: February 2013

The derivation of the critical radius of insulation for a cylinder and a sphere with a variable heat transfer coefficient and including the effect of radiation is presented in a generalized dimensionless form. It is shown that in some of the cases the results can be put in a compact form. Criteria for the existence of a critical radius have been developed. This eliminates the search for a solution to simultaneous equations using an iterative procedure when a critical condition does not exist. Unlike the cylinder, the sphere exhibits a minimum in heat transfer before the usual maximum for a specific range of parameters. This phenomenon is due entirely to the inclusion of radiation.
Connecting Unsteady-State and Steady-State Analyses Using Heat Transfer and Fluids Examples
Authors: Braga Washington
Published: February 2013

In many undergraduate courses, emphasis is given to the analysis of steady-state situations, in spite of the fact that unsteady-state situations are common in engineering problems. For instance, while discussing heat transfer, unsteady-state topics are introduced to students without connection to steady-state situations. This paper presents a few common situations, some of them often treated only as their steady-state counterparts, that have been used to offer students an interesting and pedagogically rich unsteady-state and steady-state analysis. The methodology proposed herein bridges unsteady-state and steady-state situations and helps subject integration. Some criteria for model simplification are offered. The present paper focuses on heat conduction. However, radiation and convective heat transfer can be similarly analysed.
Integrated Graphical Game and Simulation-Type Problem-Based Learning in Kinematics
Authors: Hennessey Michael P. , Kumar Sameer
Published: February 2013

Kinematics was taught effectively using an integrated graphical game and simulation-type problem-based learning (PBL) approach. ‘Optimal routing of a sailboat’ was the specific problem studied, incorporating aspects of applied mathematics and engineering analysis, numerical simulation using MATLAB®, and computer-aided design (CAD) modeling using SolidWorks®. High-quality student work was generated. Main steps in the derivation and associated MATLAB® code are presented.
Innovative Design of a Variable Intermittent Slider-Crank Mechanism
Authors: Yan Hong-Tzer
Published: February 2013

This paper describes a method used to elaborate the design of a slider-crank mechanism. The TRIZ contradiction table method is used to select an appropriate innovation principle, here to connect, in series, n pneumatic cylinders to the connecting link of the mechanism, so that it will have a length of 2 n, and then to combine automatic pneumatic and electronic control methods. The result is a variable intermittent slider-crank mechanism with multiple functions, such as a straight reciprocating motion, a straight intermittent reciprocating motion, a step variable, variable stroke, and mixed motions. The paper presents example designs and a prototype. The study results can act not only as teaching material (e.g. low-cost and easy programming) for mechanism creative design and mechatronics courses, but also as a reference for developing similar mechanisms for a feeding machine, printing machine, bias cutter, or surface glue cutter for the rubber industry.
Exploring Physical Intuition in Elementary Pressure Vessels
Authors: Dym Clive L. , Williams Harry E.
Published: February 2013

It is shown that displacement calculations for two classical ‘chestnuts’ – thick cylinders and spheres under internal and external pressures – present results that are not easily anticipated. Thus, such analyses provide an interesting opportunity for students (and teachers) taking elementary and advanced courses in the strength of materials to explore and perhaps enhance their physical intuition.
A Simple Experimental Procedure for the Approximate Determination of the Heat Capacity of Metals in a Natural Convection Environment under the Premises of a Lumped Model
Authors: Campo Antonio , Spencer Graham
Published: February 2013

A method is presented of measuring the specific heat capacity, Cp, of pure metals and alloys in an undergraduate thermofluids laboratory using simple concepts of unsteady heat conduction in solids and natural convection in fluids taken from textbooks on heat transfer. A simple experiment was developed in which a small-diameter metallic sphere at ambient temperature (∼20° C) is suddenly immersed in a tank containing quiescent ice water at 0° C. The metallic sphere was suspended by the lead wire of a thermocouple and the temperature-time evolution was recorded. A first-order differential equation descriptive of a lumped model was used. Although the equation is nonlinear, a variable transformation converted it into the Bernoulli form, which allows an analytic solution. Introduction of two measured temperatures at two distinct times into the analytic solution allows the specific heat capacity of a metallic material to be determined by means of an algebraic procedure.
Mechanical Acumen for Novice Product Designers: A Teaching Methodology
Authors: Pace Syd
Published: February 2013

Several of the intellectual capabilities required by designers working in the field of mechanical design in consumer products have been grouped together and defined as a holistic intellectual capability called ‘mechanical acumen’. Mechanical acumen is described as a key capability that enables novice product designers to engage in the process of generating solutions to problems in designing consumer products for mechanical performance. A structured methodology for teaching mechanical acumen has been given that can be used in a context where little previous student learning can be assumed. Some examples of students' work are provided that demonstrate the ability of individuals using the methodology to develop mechanical acumen and to use it in the creation of new product ideas.
Prediction of Friction Factors and Axial Descent of Convective Coefficients in Laminar Flows through Internally Finned Tubes by Way of Solving Two-Dimensional Heat Conduction Equations
Authors: Campo Antonio , Ledezma Gustavo A. , Mariscal Ignacio Carvajal
Published: February 2013

This paper reports a simple numerical procedure for the prediction of the friction factors and the axial descent of the convection coefficients in the upstream region of internally finned tubes for prevalent laminar regimes. When single-phase viscous fluids are fully developed, the velocity profiles are invariant with the axial coordinate, while the temperature distributions do vary with it. Since the 2-D momentum equation corresponds to a 2-D heat conduction equation, the 2-D velocity profiles supply the product of the friction factor and the Reynolds number, fRe. By implementing the transversal method of lines (TMOL) in the sub-domain z → 0, the 3-D energy equation is transformed into an equivalent quasi 2-D heat conduction equation. The local convective coefficient asymptotes hc,Z→0 changing with the axial coordinate z → 0 come from the quasi 2-D temperature distributions. The fRe and hc,Z→0 results have been synthesized for commensureate fin configurations in the sub-domain z → 0 of the heat exchange region where the largest heat transfer activity occurs. The modeling and numerical simulation of the present heat/fluid flow problem articulates concepts learned by students in courses on fluid mechanics, heat transfer and numerical methods.
Development of a User-Friendly Virtual Laboratory for Simulating Three-Dimensional Transient Heat Transfer in Regularly Shaped Solids
Authors: Ayatollahi Shahaboddin , Tauseef S. Mohammad , Guzman Carlos , Mohebinia Saeedeh
Published: February 2013

In this project, Matlab® computational and visualization tools were used to develop user-friendly software, called 3D Transient Heat Flow. With this interactive software, the students can run a wide variety of the experiments with different materials, boundary conditions and geometry at transient conditions. It is interesting to note that running some of these experiments in traditional labs is impossible. The software presents experimental results in colored graphical diagrams as well as tables and charts, which can be compared easily with the results of previous experiments. In order to evaluate and validate the reliability of the software, a case study is considered, in which the results obtained using the software are compared with those obtained using computational fluid dynamics code, such as the Fluent® package.
Applying Eigenvalue Perturbation Theory to Solve Problems in Structural Dynamics
Authors: Cha Philip D. , Solberg Keith A.
Published: February 2013

In this paper the eigenvalue perturbation theory is applied to solve various problems in structural dynamics. Detailed derivations are presented along with examples to demonstrate the utility of the approach and its accuracy. In undergraduate classes on mechanical vibration, the eigenvalue perturbation theory is rarely taught, but it can be extremely valuable. The approach can be used to analyze the effects of design changes on the modes of vibration of a dynamical system, to determine the approximate eigensolutions of a nearly uniform continuous system, and to obtain the approximate complex eigencharacteristics of a lightly damped system. This paper shows that the eigenvalue perturbation theory can be easily introduced at the undergraduate level, because to understand the derivations only a first course in linear algebra is required, well within the capability of an undergraduate engineering student.
An Alternative Approach in Mechatronics Curricular Development at AFEKA — Tel-Aviv Academic College of Engineering and at Tel-Aviv University
Authors: Flaxer Eli , Becker Israela , Fisherman Boris
Published: February 2013

The AFEKA – Tel Aviv Academic College of Engineering has developed a program in mechatronics studies designed not just for students of mechanical engineering but for every student in any field of engineering, as well as for experimentalists in natural sciences. This program supplies the students with tools that allow them to gain interdisciplinary insights and to carry out interdisciplinary final projects. In this paper we outline this program and give a detailed description of some unique features of the mechatronics laboratory.
Bologna Process: Total Quality Management and the Need to Define the Purposes of Engineering Education
Authors: Edan Yael , Finger Nachum , Sandler Ben Zion , Livshitz Victor
Published: February 2013

The 21st century has brought to the forefront of education the task of generating the professionals required by the ever-changing technological workplace. To meet these needs, universities offering degrees in engineering will have to adapt their curricula to bring them in line with the Bologna process. In this paper, we discuss the requirements of a curriculum in mechanical engineering education that will meet the needs of the market for newly graduated engineers. We also present a model that can be used for instituting changes in the curriculum.
A Pneumatically Actuated Ball and Beam System
Authors: Šitum Željko , Petrić Joško
Published: February 2013

A ball and beam balancing mechanism actuated by a pneumatic rotary drive is presented in this paper. A laboratory model of the pneumatically actuated ball and beam system has been developed within student projects during courses related to mechatronics and automatic control. A mathematical model of the nonlinear system is developed using Lagrange's equations. The model is linearized at the equilibrium point, and the linear model has been implemented for the design of control algorithms. The cascade proportional derivative (PD) controller and the optimal linear quadratic regulator have been applied and experimentally verified. The utilization of a pneumatic actuator introduces additional dynamic terms and nonlinear effects, and that makes the balancing mechanism even more difficult to control. The methods discussed in this paper have good potential application to other control techniques and offer great possibilities for giving students a better understanding of the theoretical and practical aspects of nonlinear system control.
Fluid Mechanics Computer Project for Mechanical Engineering Students
Authors: Bober William
Published: February 2013

The curriculum in the Mechanical Engineering (ME) Department at Florida Atlantic University contains a course entitled ‘Computer Applications in ME’. The software package used in the course is Matlab. Students are required to complete approximately seven projects during the semester. Each project involves the use of at least one built-in math solver (solving a system of linear equations, obtaining the roots of a transcendental equation, solving a system of ordinary differential equations, etc.). The last project involved determining the volume flow rate a pump would deliver to a closed tank as a function of time. The pump characteristic curve ( H vs Q) was taken from a pump manufacturer's catalog. The project required the use of several built-in math functions in Matlab. A description of this computer project is given in this paper.
Evolution and Estimation of the Engineering Education Curriculum
Authors: Livshitz V. , Sandler B. Z.
Published: February 2013

The model of the engineering education curriculum (EEC) considered here is based on some elements of information transfer theory, mainly using modest algebraic techniques. Some previous information and wider viewpoints are considered. Three groups of subjects comprising the EEC are considered, and the optimal distribution of teaching time between them is investigated. Two criteria for optimization are taken into consideration: the cost and the quality of education. The cost, obviously, is expressed in monetary units, but the quality requires special consideration. An idea, based on an electric or hydraulic analogy, for an estimation method for better distribution of teaching time is proposed.
Incorporating Research into Undergraduate Design Courses: A Patent-Centered Approach
Authors: Schaefer Dirk , Panchal Jitesh H.
Published: February 2013

It is well known and widely accepted that the integration of research and teaching in a problem-based educational setting helps to foster deep learning among students. In this paper, we describe how a patent on a rotary diesel engine, which had failed to work in practice, was used to link undergraduate research and teaching activities by orchestrating two design courses around this patent. Learning outcomes, course goals, content as well as assignments and projects were defined based on constructive alignment. Students' performance was assessed using so-called assessment rubrics, based on Bloom's taxonomy, which were specifically developed for both courses. After introducing the educational framework for this approach to enhancing student learning, we explain how both courses were designed and delivered in order to meet the higher-level educational outcomes envisaged. The paper closes with an overview of both our experiences and those of our students.
Milling Fixture Design: A Tolerance Analysis Approach
Authors: Sermsuti-Anuwat Yongyooth
Published: February 2013

Jigs and fixtures are essential for metal machining. In their designs, the sizing of these components of work holding devices requires a great deal of experience and careful judgment. This paper describes an application of loop equations for tolerance allocation in jig and fixture design. The technique makes use of two basic equations, for sizes and for tolerances, to relate all functional dimensions to a functional requirement. This can simplify and facilitate the design of specification limits for jig and fixture components. The implementation of the technique is illustrated through a simple example of a milling fixture.
A Note on the Pure Bending of Nonhomogeneous Prismatic Bars
Authors: Baksa Attila , Ecsedi István
Published: February 2013

The paper examines the pure bending of a linearly elastic, isotropic, nonhomogeneous bar. The bending stress, elastic strain energy and the end cross-section rotations are determined for in-plane variation of the Young's modulus with small strains and displacements. It is shown that the governing formulae for elastic pure bending of nonhomogeneous bars have same forms as formulae for symmetrical bending (bending in the principal planes) of homogeneous bars. Two examples illustrate the application of the developed formulae. In the first, a composite beam is considered; the second deals with the determination of the maximum tensile and compressive stresses in a bent functionally graded elastic bar.
Use of Course Clustering Strategy to Enhance Relational Learning: A Case Study of Curriculum Experimentation
Authors: Huang Ming Z. , Kohl James G. , Galván Veronica V.
Published: February 2013

This paper reports a case study of curriculum experimentation based on a course clustering strategy to enhance student learning. The study involved, in an unconventional manner, clustering courses in dynamics and design of machinery by changing their sequence from serial to parallel; namely, the two courses were offered in the same semester and taken by the same students. A third course on computer applications covering tools of MCAD and CAE was also included in this study as part of the course cluster to further solidify the just-in-time, learn-and-apply process. Results from student performances and course surveys indicate the study was a success and that a course clustering strategy does improve student learning.
Vibration of Spring-Supported Massless Beams with Discrete Masses
Authors: Chen Kui Fu , Zhang Lin Nan , Zhou Zhe
Published: February 2013

Versatile examples are essential in any engineering vibration course. However, most examples in current textbooks, especially those of multi-degree-of-freedom systems, are based on mass–spring systems. The system of spring-supported beams is explored in this report with the purpose of developing examples. Firstly, a method using the stiffness influence coefficient is illustrated in order to establish a vibration equation for a beam with three discrete masses. This is followed by a method using the flexibility influence coefficient. Then we analyze a general case, with an arbitrary number of springs and masses, using the energy method. Finally, a reduced case with repeated natural frequencies is explored.
Solutions for 2-Dimensional Compatibility Equations
Authors: Wang Yuan
Published: February 2013

A new method is given for obtaining solutions to 2-Dimensional compatibility equations, different from the degenerating method of the 3-D Volterra formula. It is solved by defining a tensor called Newton logarithmic potential of strain tensor.
Synthesizing Magnetic Nanocomposite Fibers for Undergraduate Nanotechnology Laboratory
Authors: Asmatulu R. , Khan W. , Nguyen K. D. , Yildirim M. B.
Published: February 2013

Flexible magnetic nanocomposite fibers were produced by an electrospinning method using a polymeric solution containing poly(acrylonitrile) and magnetite nanoparticles. The educational objective of this study was to demonstrate nanomanufacturing to undergraduate students in the College of Engineering at Wichita State University (WSU). Magnetic nanoparticles (∼10 nm) were prepared using a chemical co-precipitation of ferric and ferrous chloride salts in the presence of an ammonium hydroxide solution. The effect of magnetic particle concentrations (e.g., 0%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) on nanocomposite fibers, distribution, and morphology were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This experimental study indicated that the average diameter of the magnetic nanocomposite fibers ranged from 400 nm to 1.0 μm. The magnetic responses were found to increase linearly with increasing percent loading of the magnetic nanoparticles.
Simulating Rotation about a Point
Authors: Barua A. , Nandi A. , Neogy S.
Published: February 2013

The present paper deals with a student friendly but general treatment of rotation about a point. The conventional treatment followed in Dynamics of machines only deals with steady state precession. Engineering Mechanics courses formulate general theory but due to presence of nonlinear differential equations, avoid their solution. Such an approach may produce less impact on the students. The authors propose to use readily available differential equation solvers and graphics facilities to numerically solve the equations and show the animated motion. Such an approach is expected to boost the interest of the students.
Use of Equation-Solving Software in Engineering Education and an Automated Examination Process
Authors: Dash Sukanta K.
Published: February 2013

Basic engineering education should be supported by state-of-the-art computational tools such as Engineering Equation Solver (EES), Matlab, or Mathematica, so that students can solve complicated and real-life problems easily in a short time. It also allows them to develop a practical feel for the subject, which is normally difficult using traditional methods of teaching, where students use a textbook for basic learning, a calculator to solve problems and a notebook to record answers. If the method of teaching proposed here is followed in any engineering subject then pen-and-paper examination can be minimized; furthermore, examination on a computer can be done online.
Entropy Pollution of the Environment: A Teaching Approach to the Second Law
Authors: Lewins Jeffery
Published: February 2013

To introduce the concept of entropy to students, we propose building on what is currently a well aired concept, that of thermal pollution of the environment. This is then clarified, refined and made quantitative by the addition of the quality of heat, the temperature. The student will be familiar with the idea that temperature differences drive heat flows. The new concept is that the individual temperatures are significant, not just their difference. A high temperature drives a heat flow to a low temperature and in so doing can provide something useful, like work. We pollute our environment if we dissipate this opportunity. This approach leads naturally to the Second Law, to Carnot efficiency and the Kelvin scale.
Balanced Integration of Theory and Applications in Teaching Robotics
Authors: Barakat Nael
Published: February 2013

Robotics has become part of the curriculum in almost every engineering school. This is mainly because it is a topic that involves different engineering knowledge bases in a medium that fosters innovation and creativity. The educational value provided by robotics makes it an ideal activity for students to integrate technical knowledge and hard skills as well as soft skills and creativity, thereby meeting several of the criteria of the US Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) in one activity. Robotics is also effective in recruiting and engaging students. Robotics is, though, a very dynamic topic, directly influenced by changes in technology, among other factors. In fact, in the history of robotics education, different themes have emerged and others disappeared, resulting in a continuous challenge for educators to accommodate these themes in their courses without compromising engineering basics. One major and continuous challenge facing educators is how to balance theory and applications in robotics courses. The design and analysis of robotic systems are essential parts of robotics engineering education, while demand is increasingly shifting towards applications and the implementation of these systems. This paper is based on the author's experience in the field. It presents a summary of the methods and benefits of incorporating robotics in engineering education as well as an analysis of the challenges facing educators. It also includes a focused discussion on balancing theory and applications in a robotics course. Experience in teaching a hands-on robotics course is provided as an example of how to handle some of these challenges. The course outcomes include industrial-grade functional robotics systems and confident students ready to take on challenges, from applications to research and development in the field of robotics.
Simplifying the Solution of Linear Equations for Engineering Students Using Vector Techniques
Authors: Sultan Ibrahim A.
Published: February 2013

A procedure is proposed for the solution of a set of n linear equations in n unknowns. The procedure involves a vector technique designed to rid the system of three unknowns in each elimination step such that eventually a one-, two- or three-equation set may be obtained and simply solved. The remaining unknowns may then be directly obtained by back-substitution. The method presented is intended to make it easier for engineering students to write their own code to solve systems of linear equations. The familiarity of engineering students with vector techniques enables them to fully assimilate and utilise the concepts presented in this paper.
A Note on the Endless Confusion of g, gc and lb of the English System of Units
Authors: Kaufman Richard D.
Published: February 2013

Hundreds of years after Newton's famous formula F = ma, the confusion between the units g and g c and their interpretations is still rampant. In spite of warnings prevalent throughout textbooks and literature, problems persist for these English (or so-called British) units. Some of the difficulty stems from the same numerical value of 32.2 for these different units. This paper clarifies the different units of g and g c by going back to the original desire for similar magnitudes of the units lbm and lbf. In clarifying the English unit system, this paper calls for the abolition of lb, which has become a hopelessly confusing term that is used inconsistently to mean both lbm and lbf, or sometimes even a completely different unit.