bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WRITING SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE: ISLAMIC HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS’ PROBLEMS AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
Authors: Hustarna Hustarna , Melati Melati , Mardiah Radiatan , Rachmawati Rachmawati , Susanah Susanah
Published: November 2023

Writing scientific article is one of the ways to develop teacher professionalism. However, writing scientific article remains a problem for some Islamic High School Teachers. To explore about the problem, a preliminary research was conducted. Focus Group Discussion was used to gather the data. The result showed that most of the Islamic High School teachers who became the participants of the research never publish a scientific article because they get difficulties not only in exploring the ideas but also in writing the article itself. The teachers admitted that writing scientifically is not their habit. Thus, encouraging those teachers to write scientifically is highly necessary and supportive atmosphere among teachers should be developed. It takes time to develop a belief that writing and publishing scientific article would help the participant teachers developing their professionalism.
STUDENTS’ PURPOSES FOR READING BOOK
Authors: Mardiah Radiatan , Melati Melati
Published: November 2023

Stating a purpose for reading may help shaping the way the students read. It could save time and improve understanding. This qualitative study explored the university students’ purpose for reading book. The participants were a class of law faculty students learning English as a general purpose in a state university in Jambi. The main source of data was the document in the form of students’ reading report. The document was analyzed using qualitative approach. To clarify the data gained, semi-structured interview was applied. It is revealed that students’ purposes for reading book was for content and they use low order thinking verb such as to know to realize it. For more comprehensive book reading, it is suggested that the students use different verbs such as to interpret, to classify, or to explore for stating their purposes.
THE LEVEL OF LEARNING AUTONOMY OF ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITY OF JAMBI
Authors: Fandi Ravial
Published: November 2023

The present study identified the level of learning autonomy of English study program students at the University of Jambi. The quantitative method with the explanatory design was the method of the research. There was one instrument that was used to obtain the data, namely questionnaires. There were 403 in the academic year 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019 but only 120 students participated in this research. Based on the discussion, there were 2 categorized of the level of learning autonomy students of the English study program at the University of Jambi. There are high levels and moderate levels of learning autonomy. The majority of all students in the English study program of the University of Jambi who answered the questionnaire were at a high level of learning autonomy. The percentage of the level of learning autonomy students of English education program at university of Jambi were seventy nine percent a high level of learning autonomy and twenty one percent a moderate level of learning autonomy. Meanwhile no one students identified a low level of learning autonomy.
POLITENESS STRATEGIES CONVEYED BY THE STUDENTS IN ONLINE DISCUSSIONS
Authors: Handayani Riris , Rachmawati Rachmawati , Arif Tubagus Zam Zam Al
Published: November 2023

The present research is inevitable revealing the politeness strategies  conveyed by the students of English study program at Jambi University through online discussions.  The data of the research are utterances of the research subjects (students) obtained from the students’ Whatsapp chat histories in Literature for Educational Purposes and Teaching English for Young Learners courses all through the classroom interactions. The technique of collecting the data is accomplished by means of reviewing the students’ chats as the consequence of online classes during the period of Covid-19. Every single word obtained from the students’ chats has been read conversely not all of the utterances are regarded as the data (data reduction process). The results of this research highlight four genuses of politeness strategies, namely positive politeness, negative politeness, bald on record, and off record. Briefly, the cultural issue entirely have the aftermath on the politeness  strategies realized by the research subjects.
ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES OF ENGLISH SUBJECT FOR YOUNG LEARNERS BY TEACHERS AT AL-AZHAR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN JAMBY CITY
Authors: Handayani Lilis
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this research is to explore how the way young learners’ teachers assess young learners in English subject. The participants of this research were teachers at Al-Azhar elmentary school in Jambi city because they had applied English as an additional subject. The qualitative research was used in this research with a case study approch to collect the data. The instrument used by the researcher to collect data was interview in order to explore about how young learners teachers’s assess young learners in English study. In this research, participant also explain about the reason they use those assessment techniques. The assessment techniques that young learners teachers’s use is test and observation. The researcher found that the reason of the participants use test as technique to assessing young learners is easy and effective. Meanwhile observation is more natural for daily assessment. The last is pair assessment that has purpose to give courage to young learners to give opinion or comment. The finding have purpose to realize there is many techniques to assessing young learners.
 
Keywords:, Assessment, Techniques, Young learners
EFL UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES IN WRITING LITERATURE REVIEW OF THEIR THESIS
Authors: Dina Yovan
Published: November 2023

Writing a thesis is difficult for undergraduate students, especially in the writing literature review section. In the English study program at Jambi University, the students faced some difficulties in writing their literature reviews. Hence, this study aims to investigate EFL undergraduate students’ difficulties in writing the literature review of their thesis. There were two questions addressed. The first is why writing a literature review difficult for many English department students. The second is how do students overcome the difficulties in writing a literature review of their thesis. The method and design used in this research were descriptive qualitative. In-depth interviews were chosen as the instrument to collect the data. There were 8 participants of the academic years 2016 and 2017 who had been adjusted to the criteria. Based on the discussion, the students have difficulties writing a literature review such as selecting relevant references, restricted access to journals and textbooks, the language of the references was difficult to understand, lack of ability in writing a literature review, and lack of supervisor comment. However, the students have their own ways to overcome those problems.
NURSING STUDENTS’ ALUMNI NEEDS IN STUDYING ENGLISH AT SMK KESEHATAN DHARMA ANANDA BUNGO
Authors: Fitriyani Fitriyani , Thabran Yulhenli , Fajaryani Nunung
Published: November 2023

Abstract

 

SMK Kesehatan Dharma Ananda is the only health vocational school in Bungo Regency. It has two majors, namely Pharmacy major and nursing major.  Learning English at Vocational High School uses the same curriculum as Senior High School, namely K13. The English Materials they learned were general English, for example learning about general vocabulary; the topic not specific to their major; and others. The purpose of this research was to investigate the needs of nursing students alumni at SMK Kesehatan Dharma Ananda Bungo Regency in learning English. This study used a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. A questionnaire and interview were conducted to gather the data. 15 Alumni students of nursing at SMK Kesehatan Dharma Ananda Bungo participated in this research. 6 out of 15 students were also interviewed to clarify needs. The findings of this research showed that the nursing students at SMK Kesehatan Dharma Ananda Bungo needed English material according to their major. Their needs in learning English are to read, write, speak, and listen in English well in the field of nursing. The results of the research showed that the needs of the nursing students alumni at SMK Kesehatan Dharma Ananda Bungo is learning materials related for nursing students but unfortunately, the students are still provided with general English learning materials.

Keywords: Needs, Nursing Students, ESP, Vocational High School, Learning English
EVALUATION OF A VIDEO-BASED TEXTBOOK FOR LISTENING FOR GENERAL PURPOSES SUBJECT
Authors: Hustarna Hustarna
Published: November 2023

Textbooks are essential in education. They are used as learning tools to facilitate the teaching and learning process. Before deciding what textbooks will be used or whether the textbook is still appropriate, it is essential to evaluate it. This present study aims at evaluating a video-based textbook for Listening for General Purposes. The research used a content or document analysis approach, which belongs to a descriptive qualitative study (Ary et al., 2010). The instrument was a rubric containing criteria for good textbooks. The data were analyzed qualitatively based on the criteria of designing good textbooks. The finding shows that the textbook is good in terms of language and practicality. The textbook is very practical for lecturers who teach the listening subject in that it gives very clear steps for the lecturers on how to teach each unit of the book. On the other hand, the textbook and videos used still have some weaknesses. They relate to the appropriateness of the contents of the textbook and videos used with the curriculum and students' language level and the quality of the layout. The layout is just like a module. In addition, the quality of some audio and visuals is still bad. Many videos still have subtitles that do not match with the objective of using the videos, namely, to improve students' listening ability.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PRODUKSI KELAPA SAWIT DI KELURAHAN BAJUBANG KECAMATAN BAJUBANG KABUPATEN BATANG HARI
Authors: Sophia Sophia , Asaibani Asaibani
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh faktor produksi (luas lahan, bibit, pupuk, pestisida dan tenaga kerja) terhadap produksi kelapa sawit di Kelurahan Bajubang Kecamatan Bajubang. Pemilihan tempat penelitian dengan pertimbangan bahwa Kelurahan Bajubang merupakan salah satu desa/kelurahan yang memiliki produksi dan produktivitas kelapa sawit tertinggi kedua dari beberapa desa/kelurahan lain yang ada di Kecamatan Bajubang, dengan persentase perbandingan jumlah tanaman yang menghasilkan di Kelurahan Bajubang cukup tinggi. Metode pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan metode sensus. Metode sensus adalah metode pengumpulan data dengan meneliti setiap anggota populasi tanpa terkecuali (Subagyo, 2012). Berdasarkan data Dinas Perkebunan Kabupaten Batang Hari, ada 46 orang petani kelapa sawit di Kelurahan Bajubang Kecamatan Bajubang yang melakukan kegiatan usahatani dengan pola swadaya murni. Oleh karena itu, semua petani kelapa sawit dengan pola swadaya murni tersebut dijadikan sampel dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan (bersama-sama) variabel luas lahan, bibit, pupuk, pestisida dan tenaga kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produksi kelapa sawit di Kelurahan Bajubang.secara parsial (individu) variabel luas lahan dan variabel pupuk berpengaruh signifikan terhadap prouki kelapa sawit di keluarahan bajubang sedangkan variabel, bibit, variabel pestisida dan variabel tenaga kerja tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produksi kelapa sawit di Keluarhan Bajubang
BEBERAPA FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TINGKAT PRODUKSI TANAMAN NILAM (Pogostemon cablin Benth) PETANI DI NAGARI KAJAI KECAMATAN TALAMAU KABUPATEN PASAMAN BARAT
Authors: Sefrimon Sefrimon
Published: November 2023

Penanaman tanaman nilam sangat potensial bila dilakukan dengan membentuk kelompok tani yang akan dibina untuk menjadi pelaku usaha minyak nilam yang handal. Minyak nilam yang dihasilkan oleh tanaman nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) merupakan minyak atsiri utama yang diperdagangkan di pasar International. Peran penyuluh perlu diintensifkan guna membantu petani dalam budidaya tanaman nilam dengan baik, tepat dan benar. Diharapkan petani menerapkan teknologi yang tepat dan varitas unggul yang mempunyai tingkat produksi lebih baik jika dibandingkan dengan varitas yang selama ini diusahakan oleh petani. Pada lahan datar dan subur dapat digunakan jarak tanam yang lebih lebar misalnya 100 x 100 cm, sedangkan dilahan miring jarak tanam yag digunakan lebih sempit misalnya 50 x 75 cm atau 75 x 75 cm. Kebutuhan bibit tergantung dengan jarak tanam ini. Dari hasil penelitian polatanam menunjukan bahwa nilam, dapat di polatanamkan dengan jagung atau nilam + kacang tanah atau nilam + kedele, atau nilam + kacang hijau, atau nilam + jagung + kacang tanah. Rata-rata produksi petani nilam di Nagari Kajai Kecamatan Talamau, Kabupaten Pasaman Barat terna kering 3.621,27 kg dan minyak nilam 115.7 kg. Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap produksi minyak nilam petani di Nagari Kajai Kecamatan Talamau, Kabupaten Pasaman Barat adalah besarnya produksi dan status sosial.
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHATANI KARET INTENSIF DAN NON INTENSIF DI KECAMATAN MUARA BULIAN KABUPATEN BATANGHARI
Authors: Ratnasari Ratnasari , Mara Armen , Fitri Yanuar
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) Untuk mengetahui usahatani karet intensif dan karet non intensif di Kecamatan Muara Bulian Kabupaten Batanghari 2) Untuk menganalisis perbedaan pendapatan usahatani karet intensif dan karet non intensif di Kecamatan Muara Bulian Kabupaten Batanghari. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 22 Juni 2019 sampai dengan 20 Juli 2019. Penentuan lokasi penelitian dilakukan secara purposive dan penentuan responden dilakukan menggunakan teknik snowball sampling. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis kualitatif deskriptif untuk menjawab tujuan pertama, analisis pendapatan digunakan untuk menjawab permasalahan dan tujuan tentang besarnya biaya dan pendapatan petani karet intensif dan non intensif, analisis statistic uji beda rata-rata digunakan untuk membandingkan pendapatan usahatani karet intensif dan non intensif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perlakuan pada karet intensif berupa penyiangan dan pemupukan dan tidak ada perlakuan yang sama terhadap karet non intensif. Rata-rata pendapatan usahatani karet intensif berdasarkan biaya dibayarkan yaitu sebesar Rp.16.923.327/ha/tahun dan pendapatan berdasarkan biaya diperhitungkan yaitu sebesar Rp.6.773.013/ha/tahun. Rata-rata pendapatan karet non intensif berdasarkan biaya dibayarkan yaitu sebesar Rp.8.956.639/ha/tahun dan pendapatan berdasarkan biaya diperhitungkan yaitu sebesar Rp.2.068.789/ha/tahun. Hasil uji t menunjukkan nilai sig. (2 tailed).000 < α = 5% 0,05.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PRODUKTIVITAS PADI SAWAH DI DESA PUDAK KECAMATAN KUMPEH ULU KABUPATEN MUARO JAMBI
Authors: Hernhawathy Whiwid , Sativa Fendria , Sardi Idris
Published: November 2023

Sektor pertanian memiliki peranan penting salah satunya adalah tanaman pangan padi sawah karena sebagai penghasil pangan bagi penduduk yang jumlah tiap tahunnya selalu bertambah.Pertanian merupakan penunjang dalam kesejahteraan masyarakat untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mengetahui produktivitas padi sawah di Desa Pudak Kecamatan Kumpeh Ulu Kabupaten Muaro Jambi, 2) mengetahui hubungan antara faktor-faktor dengan produktivitas padi sawah di Desa Pudak Kecamatan Kumpeh Ulu Kabupaten Muaro Jambi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Pudak yang ditentukan secara purposive dengan penarikan sampel menggunakan Slovin dengan jumlah 35 petani.Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder.Analisis yang digunakan adalah Chi-Squaredengan dilakukan Uji x2, Chit, Uji r, dan Uji t. Hasil dari analisis diperoleh nilai X2hit ˃ X2tab yang berarti terdapat hubungan antara faktor-faktor (luas lahan, tenaga kerja, modal, dan manajemen) dengan produktivitas padi sawah di Desa Pudak Kecamatan Kumpeh Ulu Kabupaten Muaro Jambi, dengan derajat hubungan sebesar 0,3752 yang artinya derajat hubungan antara faktor-faktor dengan produktivitas tergolong kuat karena nilai terletak diantara 0.354 – 0,707. Diperoleh derajat korelasi sebesar 0,5307 yang artinya keeratan hubungan antara faktor-faktor dengan produktivitas padi sawah di Desa Pudak Kecamatan Kumpeh Ulu Kabupaten Muaro Jambi tergolong sedang. Selanjutnya diperoleh nilai thit ˃tab artinya terdapat hubungan yang signifikan anatar faktor-faktor dengan produktivitas padi sawah di Desa Pudak Kecamatan Kumpeh Ulu Kabupaten Muaro Jambi.Kata Kunci : Faktor-faktor, Produktivitas, Padi SawahPENDAHULUAN
Keterkaitan Pendapatan Usahatani Padi Sawah Terhadap Status Gizi Rumah Tangga Petani Padi Di Desa Rawan Pangan Kecamatan Muara Sabak Timur Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur
Authors: Dwa Kita Dwa Kita , Suandi Suandi , Damayanti Yusma
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mengetahui besarnya pendapatan usahatani padi sawah, 2) status gizi rumah tangga petani padi sawah, 3) melihat apakah ada keterkaitan antara pendapatan usahatani padi sawah terhadap status gizi rumah tangga petani padi sawah di Kecamatan Muara Sabak Timur Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah melalui wawancara secara langsung keresponden, metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan ialah pengumpulan data primer dan skunder serta teknik analisis data yang digunakan yang digunakan ialah analisis statistik non parametric dengan menggunakan uji kontingensi chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa rata-rata besaran pendapatan usahatani adalah Rp.7.487.127/MT. Konsumsi energi petani adalah 1795 kkal/kap/hari yang masih dibawah standar dan konsumsi protein petaniadalah 66 gr/kap/hari yang sudahmemenuhistandar. Dari hasil uji Chi-Square disimpulkan bahwa terdapat keterkaitan antara pendapatan usahatani padi sawah terhadap status gizi rumah tangga petani padi.
MODEL PRODUKTIVITAS, RISIKO DAN PERILAKU PETANI MENYIKAPI RISIKO PRODUKSI USAHATANI PADI SAWAH DI KABUPATEN TEBO
Authors: Nainggolan Saidin , Fitri Yanuar , Ulma Riri Oktari
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis:  Respon produksi, fungsi risiko produksi. Lokus penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Keliling Danau kabupaten Kerinci.  Desa sampel terdiri dari Desa Desa Semerap, Desa Pulau Tengah, dan Desa Lempur Danau. Ukuran populasi ada sebanyak 1.576 petani. Ukuran sampel mengunakan Metode Slovin dan diperoleh sampel sebanyak 91 petani. Penarikan sampel mengunakan dengan Metode Acak Sederhana dengan mengunakan tabel acak. Metode analisis data mengunakan fungsi produksi Coob-Douglass dan fungsi risiko produksi Just and Pope. Hasil estimasi presisi model fungsi produksi actual Adj. R2 = 0,92357.  Presisi model fungsi produksi optimal Adj R2= 0,93635 skala produksi Ya; Ɛβi=0,6782 artinya decreasing of return to scale. Skala produski potensial (Yopt); Ɛβi=1,5127. Faktor determinan respon produksi ditentukan pupuk Urea, pupuk Organik dan luas lahan. Presisi model fungsi risiko Adj.R2 =9,543. Input produksi benih dan tenaga kerja tergolong risk increasing factor sedangkan pupuk Urea, pupuk SP36, pupuk KCl, pupuk Organik, Pestisida dan luas lahan tergolong risk reducing factor. TE= 0,6356 <0,7 tergolong rendah, peluang peningkatan produksi sebesar 36,44 %. Peningkatan produksi dan mengurangi risiko produksi dapat dilakukan dengan alokasi input produksi optimal. Faktor social ekonomi berpengaruh terhadap meningkatnya inefisiensi teknis tetapi tidak signifikan.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENERIMAAN USAHATANI CABAI MERAH KERITING DI KECAMATAN GUNUNG TUJUH KABUPATEN KERINCI
Authors: Effran Endy , Kurniasih Siti , Zakiah Zakiah
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui gambaran usahatani cabai merah keriting di Kecamatan Gunung Tujuh Kabupaten Kerinci, (2) mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan faktor-faktor produksi terhadap pendapatan usahatani cabai merah keriting di Kecamatan Gunung Tujuh Kabupaten Kerinci. Penelitian ini di laksanakan di Kecamatan Gunung Tujuh Kabupaten Kerinci. Data di analisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif dan deskriptif kualitatif. Metode analisis untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pendapatan yaitu Analisis Cobb Douglass. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Usahatani cabai merah keriting di Kecamatan Gunung Tujuh umumnya dilakukan oleh petani pada lahan milik mereka sendiri dengan luas lahan rata-rata 0,62 Ha. Pemanenan dapat dilakukan pada saat tanaman berumur 4 hingga 5 bulan dengan frekuensi pemanenan 15 hingga 24 kali dalam satu kali musim tanam dan hanya, (3) Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penerimaan usahatani berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penerimaan usahatani cabai merah keriting seperti biaya benih (BB)), biaya pupuk (BP), biaya obat-obatan (BO), biaya tenaga kerja (BT), dan luas lahan (L) mempengaruhi 86,1% penerimaan usahatani cabai merah keriting yang ditunjukkan oleh koefisien determinasi (R2) dengan nilai sebesar 0,861 sedangkan sisanya 13,9% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain.

 

Kata Kunci : Usahatani Cabai Merah Keriting, Penerimaan, Faktor Produksi, Gunung Tujuh
ANALISIS EFISIENSI USAHATANI PENANGKARAN BENIH PADI SAWAH DI KECAMATAN KUMPEH KABUPATEN MUARO JAMBI PROVINSI JAMBI
Authors: Kurniasih Siti , Lubis Arsyad
Published: November 2023

Penelitian mengenai efisiensi usahatani penangkaran benih padi sawah ini bertujuan untukmengetahui penggunaan input oleh petani serta mengetahui efisiensi penggunaan input pada kegiatanusahatani benih padi di Desa Pudak dan Desa Sakean Kecamatan Kumpeh. Karena penelitian ini didasaripada fenomena bahwa kebutuhan akan beras mengalami peningkatan seiring dengan bertambahnyajumlah penduduk. Peningatan produksi beras pada dasarnya dapat ditempuh melalui jalur ekstensifikasidan intensifikasi. Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Kumpeh Kabupaten Muaro Jambi tepatnya di DesaPudak dan Desa Sakean dengan sampel sebanyak 53 orang petani. Metode analisis yang digunakanadalah deskriptif dan kuantitatif. Untuk menganalisis data digunakan uji statistic. Hasil penelitian antaralain Penggunaan input oleh petani penangkar benih padi sawah di Desa Pudak dan Sakean KecamatanKumpe sudah sesuai anjuran untuk jumlah benih, pupuk N, dan pupuk P dan belum sesuai anjuran untukPupuk K. Efisiensi penggunaan input pada kegiatan usahatani Penangkar benih padi sawah di KecamatanKecamatan Kumpe, sebahagian besar belum efisien dimana hanya 30 persen petani yang sudahmencapai efisien secara teknis, namun rata-rata efisiensi teknis telah mencapai 96 persen.
Electromagnetismo II
Authors: López Quintero José Germán , Vásquez Ceballos Julio César , Aguirre Colorado Darwin
Published: November 2023

El presente texto académico de electromagnetismo II es el resultado de varios años de experiencia de los autores orientando el curso y contiene las notas de clase utilizadas en el desarrollo del mismo con muchos problemas diseñados para dar al estudiante la habilidad y la confianza para desarrollar soluciones analíticas con la aplicación de los diferentes conceptos de la teoría electromagnética. Este libro de texto es el desarrollo del microcurrículo del curso con sus diferentes actualizaciones a lo largo de la historia de Ingeniería Eléctrica UTP. Los capítulos del libro constituyen los principios básicos de la magnetostática en el espacio libre así como en medios materiales, también se analizan los campos variables con el tiempo y las ondas electromagnéticas
Differences in Prescribing Errors Between Electronic Prescribing and Traditional Prescribing among Medical Students: a randomized pilot study
Authors: Abdouni Samir El , Kalfsvel Laura , Rietdijk Wim , Kuy Hugo van der , Rosse Floor van
Published: November 2023

Aims This randomized controlled pilot study aimed to assess the
differences in the frequency, type, and severity of prescribing errors
made by medical students when assessed in an electronic prescribing
system (EPS) compared to traditional prescribing methods (e.g.,
writing/typing out a prescription). Methods Fourth year medical students
in the period of November 1st to July 31st, 2023, were asked to
participate in this single center prospective, randomized, controlled
intervention study. Participants performed a prescribing assessment in
either an EPS (intervention group) or in a more traditional prescribing
platform (control group). The prescriptions were checked for errors,
graded, and categorized. Differences in prescribing errors, error
categories, and severity were analyzed. Results Out of 334 students, 84
participated in the study. Nearly all participants (98.8%) made one or
more prescribing errors, primarily involving inadequate information
errors. In the intervention group, more participants made prescribing
errors involving the prescribed amount (71.4% vs. 19.0%;
P<0.01), but fewer involving administrative errors (2.4% vs.
19.0%; P=0.03). Prescribing-method-specific errors were identified in
4.8% and 40.5% of the intervention and control group, respectively,
with significant differences in overlapping errors as well. Conclusions
This study shows the importance of training electronic prescribing
(e-prescribing) competencies in medical curricula, in addition to
traditional prescribing methods. It identifies
prescribing-method-specific prescribing errors and emphasizes the need
for further research to define e-prescribing competencies. Additionally,
the need for an accessible real-life-like e-prescribing environment
tailored to educators and students is essential for effective learning
and incorporation of e-prescribing into medical curricula.
Tetraspanin immunoassay for the detection of extracellular vesicles and renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Khan Misba , Islam Md. Khirul , Rahman Mafiur , Dhondt Bert , Quintero Ileana , Puhka Maija , Jaakkola Panu M. , Lamminmäki Urpo , Leivo Janne
Published: November 2023

Half of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) will develop
metastases. The disease is likely to be curable at early stages but
incurable when metastatic. New and non-invasive biomarkers are needed
for the diagnosis of RCC. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered
promising new biomarker targets for the diagnosis of various diseases.
Our study aimed to develop an EV-based assay for the detection of RCC
using a highly sensitive nanoparticle-aided time-resolved fluorescence
immunoassay (NP-TRFIA). To confirm that the tetraspanins were located on
EVs, we used size exclusion chromatography to separate EV- and PE
(protein-enriched)-fractions from RCC4 and 786-O RCC cancer cell lines
and HEK293. EV- and PE-fractions were quantified using NP-TRFIA assays
established for tetraspanins CD9, CD63, CD81, and CD151. Tetraspanin
biomarkers were further measured from RCC cell culture medium as well as
serum samples of RCC (n=14), benign (n=17), and healthy (n=9)
individuals. Among the tetraspanins, CD63 showed 3-5-fold higher
expression on EVs derived from RCC4 and 786-O cell lines compared to
those from the HEK293. A sandwich CD63-CD63 assay demonstrated
significant discrimination of RCC patients from benign (p=0.0003), and
healthy (p= 0.005) individuals, respectively. Similarly, the CD81-CD81
assay also enabled significant separation of RCC patients compared to
benign (p=0.014), and healthy (p= 0.003) controls, respectively. This
result suggests that RCC cell lines and serum of RCC patients show
higher amounts of CD63- and CD81-enriched EVs compared to controls.
Detection of these tetraspanin-enriched EVs using our NP-TRFIA approach
may play a vital role in the detection of RCC.
NAD+ modulation of intestinal macrophages renders anti-inflammatory functionality and ameliorates gut inflammation
Authors: Kim Young-In , Ko Inseok , Yi Eun-Je , Kim Jusik , Hong Yong Rae , Lee Wheeseong , Chang Sun-Young
Published: November 2023

Background and Purpose: Macrophages not only can maintain gut immune
homeostasis by driving clearance of infection, but also can prevent
chronic inflammation and induce tissue repair. Macrophages are a
heterogenous group of cells whose characteristics are determined by
tissue microenvironment and metabolism. Since macrophages play an
important role in inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel
disease (IBD), they can be a potential therapeutic target. Experimental
Approach: Here we show an IBD therapeutic candidate LMT503, a substrate
which modulates NADH quinone oxidoreductase 1, which enhances
NAD and induce anti-inflammatory macrophage
polarization. To determine the anti-inflammatory effect of LMT503, a
dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model was used in
this study. Key Results: Treatment of bone marrow derived macrophages
(BMDMs) with LMT503 increased IL-10 and Arg1 levels but decreased levels
of TNF-α, iNOS, and IL-6. LMT503 also increased levels of SIRT1, SIRT3,
and SIRT6, suggesting that macrophages were driven to an
anti-inflammatory character. In a murine DSS-induced colitis model, oral
treatment with LMT503 ameliorated colonic inflammation and decreased
infiltrating monocytes and neutrophils. Although NAD
enhancement did not alter
CXCR1CD206 or
CXCR1CD206 colon
macrophage population, it decreased levels of TNF-α and iNOS and
increased IL-10 level, with colonic macrophages showing an
anti-inflammatory character shift. Depletion of CXCR1
expressing gut resident macrophages abrogated the immune regulatory
effect of LMT503 in the colon. Conclusion and Implications: These data
suggest that LMT503 is a therapeutic candidate that can target
macrophages to drive polarization with an immunosuppressive character
and ameliorate IBD.
Multi-genome comparisons reveal gain-and-loss evolution of the anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type 2 gene, an old master sex determining gene, in Percidae
Authors: Kuhl Heiner , Euclide Peter , Klopp Christophe , Cabau Cédric , Zahm Margot , Roques Celine , Iampietro Carole , Kuchly Claire , Donnadieu Cécile , Feron Romain , Parrinello Hugues , Poncet Charles , Jaffrelo Lydia , Confolent Carole , Wen Ming , Herpin Amaury , Jouanno Elodie , Bestin Anastasia , Haffray Pierrick , Morvezen Romain , Almeida Taina Rocha de , Lecocq Thomas , Schaerlinger Berenice , Chardard Dominique , ŻARSKI Daniel , Larson Wes , Postlethwait John H , Timirkhanov Serik , Kloas Werner , Wuertz Swen , Stöck Matthias , Guiguen Yann
Published: November 2023

The Percidae family comprises many fish species of major importance for
aquaculture and fisheries. Based on three new chromosome-scale
assemblies in Perca fluviatilis, Perca schrenkii and Sander vitreus
along with additional percid fish reference genomes, we provide an
evolutionary and comparative genomic analysis of their sex-determination
systems. We explored the fate of a duplicated anti-Mullerian hormone
receptor type-2 gene (amhr2bY), previously suggested to be the master
sex determining (MSD) gene in P. flavescens. Phylogenetically related
and structurally similar amhr2 duplications (amhr2b) were found in P.
schrenkii and Sander lucioperca, potentially dating this duplication
event to their last common ancestor around 19-27 Mya. In P. fluviatilis
and S. vitreus, this amhr2b duplicate has been lost while it was subject
to amplification in S. lucioperca. Analyses of the amhr2b locus in P.
schrenkii suggest that this duplication could be also male-specific as
it is in P. flavescens. In P. fluviatilis, a relatively small (100 kb)
non-recombinant sex-determining region (SDR) was characterized on
chromosome-18 using population-genomics approaches. This SDR is
characterized by many male-specific single-nucleotide variants (SNVs)
and no large duplication/insertion event, suggesting that P. fluviatilis
has a male heterogametic sex determination system (XX/XY), generated by
allelic diversification. This SDR contains six annotated genes,
including three (c18h1orf198, hsdl1, tbc1d32) with higher expression in
testis than ovary. Together, our results provide a new example of the
highly dynamic sex chromosome turnover in teleosts and provide new
genomic resources for Percidae, including sex-genotyping tools for all
three known Perca species.
Correcting for observer bias behaviour: learning from a virtual observer approach.
Authors: Guilbault Emy , Renner Ian , Somervuo Panu
Published: November 2023

In recent years, the increase of data availability through citizen
science campaigns has raised questions on the quality of this data.
Species distribution models can be severely impacted by non-random
spatial distributions of records. Multiple methods exist to correct for
spatial bias and most of them imply that the sampling is uneven in space
and determined by the observers’ choices of where to search for
observations. One common correction method is to include a covariate in
the model as a proxy for sampling bias and correcting for this bias by
setting this covariate equal to a common value upon prediction. However,
this approach implies that each observer behaves in the same manner,
which in practice may not be the case. Here, we differentiate two common
observer behaviours: exploring and following. Under this paradigm,
explorers seek to observe species in new places far away from other
observations and away from common routes of transit. By contrast,
followers search near already observed species locations and remain
closer to common routes of transit. In this paper, we investiage whether
the current approaches to correcting for observer bias hold under
varying observer behaviours, or whether a data-driven approach based on
modelled observer behaviour may lead to better predictions. To do so, we
developed a new software platform, obsimulator, to simulate patterns of
points driven by observer behaviour. We established two correction
methods based on a bias incorporation approach using k-nearest
neighbours and density calculation. Broadly, we found that the method of
including a bias covariate and setting it to a common value for
prediction yields the best results. We also found that the knn-based
correction outperformed the density-based correction. Additionally, we
provide guidance for setting model parameters based on the ratio of
explorers versus followers in the observers’ cohort.
Contribution of locally tangential CMB-mantle flow and cold-source subducting plates to ULVZ formation and morphology
Authors: Xin Jie , Zhang Huai , Shi Yaolin , Orellana-Rovirosa Felipe , Zhang Zhen , Jin Yimin
Published: November 2023

Ultra-low velocity zones (ULVZs) above the core-mantle boundary (CMB)
are significant structures that connect the lowermost mantle and outer
core. As “thin patches” of dramatically low seismic-wave velocity,
they are occasionally found near the base of mantle plumes and
in-or-near high seismic-wave speed regions above the CMB. The causes of
their morphological distribution and geodynamics remain unclear, and
simulation results of high-density melts diverge from seismic
observations. We introduced a two-dimensional time-dependent Stokes
two-phase flow (with melt migration) numerical model to investigate the
formation and morphological characteristics of ULVZs caused by
CMB-mantle tangential flows and a neighboring cold source (subducted
plate). We discovered that (a) the participation of cold sources with
temperature differences between ~4000 K at the plume
central regions to <~3900 K at the
plume-cooling mantle region, separated by horizontal distances of
approximately 100 (±<50) km are necessary for the stable
existence of dense melts with mass-density difference
>+1–2% (even +10%) with respect to the surrounding
mantle; additionally, (b) an enhanced tangential flow coincident with
the internal reverse circulation within the broad plume base (with
speeds >3 times the lowermost-mantle characteristic flow
speed) are necessary for higher aspect-ratio-morphology lenses
compatible with seismic observations. The CMB-mantle tangential flow
and/or outer-core interacting with CMB-topography may help generate
mega-ULVZs, particularly if they appear along the edges of large
low-shear-wave-velocity provinces (LLSVPs) and in/near high
seismic-speed “cold” zones. Thus, we infer that a strong link exists
between ULVZ morphology and the dynamic environment of the lowermost
mantle and uppermost outer core.
Diurnal Patterns in the Observed Cloud Liquid Water Path Response to Droplet Number Perturbations
Authors: Smalley Kevin Mitchell , Lebsock Matthew , Eastman Ryan
Published: November 2023

A key uncertainty in Aerosol-cloud interactions is the cloud liquid
water path (LWP) response to increased aerosols (λ). LWP can either
increase due to precipitation suppression or decrease due to
entrainment-drying. Previous research suggests that precipitation
suppression dominates in thick clouds, while entrainment-drying prevails
in thin clouds. The time scales of the two competing effects are vastly
different, requiring temporally resolved observations. We analyze 3-day
Lagrangian trajectories of stratocumulus clouds over the southeast
Pacific using geostationary data. We find that clouds with a LWP
exceeding 200 g m-2 exhibit a positive response, while clouds with lower
LWP show a negative response. We observe a significant diurnal cycle in
λ, indicating a more strongly negative daytime adjustment driven by
entrainment-drying. In contrast, at night, precipitation suppression can
occasionally fully counteract the entrainment-drying mechanism. The
time-integrated adjustment appears weaker than previously suggested in
studies that do not account for the diurnal cycle.
Complex hygroscopic behaviour of ambient aerosol particles revealed by a piezoelectric technique
Authors: Jose Christi , Singh Aishwarya , Kalkura Kavyashree N , Jose George V , Srivastava Shailina , A Rameshchan K , Yadav Shweta , Ravikrishna R. , Andreae Meinrat O. , Martin Scot T. , Liu Pengfei , Gunthe Sachin S
Published: November 2023

Comprehending the intricate interplay between atmospheric aerosols and
water vapour in subsaturated regions is vital for accurate modelling of
aerosol–cloud–radiation–climate dynamics. But the microphysical
mechanisms governing these interactions with ambient aerosols remain
inadequately understood. Here we report results from high-altitude,
relatively pristine site in Western-Ghats of India during monsoon,
serving as a baseline for climate processes in one of the world’s most
polluted regions. Utilizing a novel quartz crystal microbalance (QCM)
approach, we conducted size-resolved sampling to analyse
humidity-dependent growth factors, hygroscopicity, deliquescence
behaviour, and aerosol liquid water content (ALWC). Fine-mode aerosols
(≤2.5 μm) exhibited size-dependent interactions with water vapour,
contributing significantly to ALWC. Deliquescence was observed in larger
aerosols (>180 nm), influenced by organic species, with
deliquescence relative humidity (DRH) lower than that of pure inorganic
salts. This research highlights the significance of understanding
ambient aerosol-water interactions and hygroscopicity for refining
climate models in subsaturated conditions.
Spherical-Harmonic Distribution Analysis of Coronae in Relation to Volcanic Features on Venus
Authors: Tucker Wesley S. , Dombard Andrew J.
Published: November 2023

Venus boasts an abundance of volcano and volcano-like structures.
Synthetic aperture radar images of the surface have revealed extensive
evidence of volcanism, including lava flows and edifices. Volcanic
activity is further supported by crater statistics, and analysis of
topography and gravity data. Unique to Venus, coronae are
quasi-circular, volcano-tectonic features exhibiting diverse volcanic
characteristics. Despite this, volcanism is often under-represented in
formation models. We identify a new subset of coronae that display
topographic change subsequent to the emplacement of lava flows within
their fracture annuli, pointing to the critical role of volcanism in the
formation of these coronae. Through spherical-harmonic distribution
analysis, we find that this new subset is spatially related to the full
coronae database, pointing to an intrinsic process of coronae formation.
Furthermore, coronae exhibit strong correlations and similar spectral
shapes at low spherical harmonic degrees with large volcanoes,
suggesting a shared geodynamic origin. Our findings underscore the
pivotal role of volcanism in coronae formation and highlight the need
for future research that integrates magmatic processes into geophysical
models.
Source parameters of laboratory acoustic emission events estimated from the coda of waveforms
Authors: Kartseva Tatiana I. , Shapiro Nikolai M. , Patonin A.V. , Shikhova Natalia M. , Smirnov Vladimir B. , Ponomarev Alexander
Published: November 2023

We develop a method to estimate relative seismic moments M0 and corner
frequencies fc of acoustic emission events recorded in laboratory
experiments from amplitude spectra of signal’s coda composed of
reverberated and scattered waves. This approach has several advantages
with respect to estimations from direct waves that are often clipped and
also are difficult to separate in experiments performed on small
samples. Also, inversion of the coda spectra does not require
information about the source locations ans mechanisms. We use the
developed method to analyze the data of two experiments: (1) on granite
from the Voronezh crystal massif and (2) on Berea sandstone. The range
of absolute corner frequencies estimated in both experiments is around
70-700 kHz. The range of relative seismic moments covers 103.5. The
relation between fc and M0 observed on the first stages of both
experiments, consisted of increasing isotropic confining pressure,
approximately follow M0 ~ fc-3 scaling and the b-value
of the Gutenberg-Richter distribution was found close to 1. This can be
interpreted as rupturing of preexisting material defects with a nearly
constant stress-drop and has a similarity with observations of ‘natural’
earthquakes. Deviations from this ‘earthquake-like’ behavior observed
after applying axial loading and initiation of sample damaging can be
interpreted as changes in stress-drop. Lower stress-drops prevail for
sandstone and higher for granite sample respectively that can be related
to the strength of corresponding material.
Bedrock controls on water and energy partitioning across the western contiguous United States
Authors: Ehlert Robert , Hahm W. Jesse , Dralle David N , Rempe Daniella , Allen Diana M.
Published: November 2023

Across diverse biomes and climate types, plants use water stored in
bedrock to sustain transpiration. Bedrock water storage
($S_{bedrock}$, mm), in addition to soil moisture, thus plays an
important role in water cycling and should be accounted for in the
context of surface energy balances and streamflow generation. Yet, the
extent to which bedrock water storage impacts hydrologic partitioning
and influences latent heat fluxes has yet to be quantified at large
scales. This is particularly important in Mediterranean climates, where
the majority of precipitation is offset from energy delivery and plants
must rely on water retained from the wet season to support summer
growth. Here we present a simple water balance approach and random
forest model to quantify the role of $S_{bedrock}$ on controlling
hydrologic partitioning and land surface energy budgets. Specifically,
we track evapotranspiration in excess of precipitation and mapped soil
water storage capacity ($S_{soil}$, mm) across the western US in
the context of Budyko’s water partitioning framework. Our findings
indicate that $S_{bedrock}$ is necessary to sustain plant growth in
forests in the Sierra Nevada — some of the most productive forests on
Earth — as early as April every year, which is counter to the current
conventional thought that bedrock is exclusively used late in the dry
season under extremely dry conditions. We show that the average latent
heat flux used in evapotranspiration of $S_{bedrock}$ can exceed
100 $W/m^{2}$ during the dry season and the proportion of water
that returns to the atmosphere would decrease dramatically without
access to $S_{bedrock}$.
Decomposition of the horizontal wind divergence associated with the Rossby, inertia-gravity, mixed Rossby-gravity and Kelvin waves on the sphere
Authors: Neduhal Valentino , Žagar Nedjeljka , Lunkeit Frank , Polichtchouk Inna , Zaplotnik Žiga
Published: November 2023

The paper presents a new method for the decomposition of the horizontal
wind divergence among the linear wave solutions on the sphere:
inertia-gravity (IG), mixed Rossby-gravity (MRG), Kelvin and Rossby
waves. The work is motivated by the need to quantify the vertical
velocity and momentum fluxes in the tropics where the distinction
between the Rossby and gravity regime, present in the extratropics,
becomes obliterated. The new method decomposes divergence and its power
spectra as a function of latitude and pressure level. Its application on
ERA5 data in August 2018 reveals that the Kelvin and MRG waves made
about 6% of the total divergence power in the upper troposphere within
10S-10N, that is about 25% of divergence. Their contribution at
individual zonal wavenumbers k can be much larger; for example, Kelvin
waves made up to 24% of divergence power at synoptic k in August 2018.
The relatively small roles of the Kelvin and MRG waves in tropical
divergence power are explained by decomposing their kinetic energies
into rotational and divergent parts. The Rossby wave divergence power is
0.3-0.4% at most, implying up to 6% of global divergence due to the
beta effect. The remaining divergence is about equipartitioned between
the eastward- and westward-propagating IG modes in the upper
troposphere, whereas the stratospheric partitioning depends on the
background zonal flow. This work is a step towards a unified
decomposition of the momentum fluxes that supports the coexistence of
different wave species in the tropics in the same frequency and
wavenumber bands.
Lipid residual cardiovascular risk parameters in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia - importance of triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein ratio
Authors: Mitrovic Marija , Misevic Vojko , Popovic Ljiljana , Rasulic Iva , Krstic Milica , Lalic Katarina
Published: November 2023

Introduction. Familial hipercholesterolemia is monogenetic disorder
associated with early onset of cardiovascular disease. The measurement of
low density cholesterol is the primary therapeutic goal in familial
hypercholesterolemia patients, but despite the lipid-lowering therapy
cardiovascular disease still occurs. It became clear that it?s necessary to
consider residual cardiovascular risk. The aim of study was to evaluate
residual cardiovascular risk in familial hipercholesterolemia. Material and
Methods. In this cross-sectional study we included 291 familial
hipercholesterolemia patients with and without previously diagnosed
diabetes. Based on value of the Dutch Lipid Clinical Network score criteria,
familial hipercholesterolemia patients without diabetes was further divided
into: possible (3-5 points), probable (6-8 points), and definite (>8 points)
familial hypercholesterolemia. Triglyceride to high density cholesterol
ratio, non-HDL-cholesterol and remnant cholesterol were used as parameters
of lipid residual cardiovascular risk. Results. We found statistically
significant differences in total cholesterol, low and high density
cholesterol, triglycerides and apolipoprotein B between the groups (p>0.05).
The definite and probable group had higher non-HDL-cholesterol values than
possible and familial hypercholesterolemia with diabetes (p<0.01) groups.
Familial hypercholesterolemia with diabetes group had higher values of
triglyceride to high density cholesterol ratio and remnant cholesterol than
definite and probable group (p<0.01). Regression analysis showed that
triglyceride to high density cholesterol ratio was independent predictor of
appearance of coronary artery disease in addition to elevated low density
cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterol (p<0.01). Conclusion. Triglyceride to
high density cholesterol ratio is the most important parameter of the lipid
residual cardiovacular risk that strongly linked with cardiovascular disease
in familal hypercholesterolemia patients, especially with associated
diabetes.