bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phase-Encoded Hyperpolarized Nanodiamond for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Waddington David E. J. , Boele Thomas , Rej Ewa , McCamey Dane R. , King Nicholas J. C. , Gaebel Torsten , Reilly David J.
Published: April 2019

Surface-functionalized nanomaterials are of interest as theranostic agents that detect disease and track biological processes using hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Candidate materials are sparse however, requiring spinful nuclei with long spin-lattice relaxation (T1) and spin-dephasing times (T2), together with a reservoir of electrons to impart hyperpolarization. Here, we demonstrate the versatility of the nanodiamond material system for hyperpolarized 13C MRI, making use of its intrinsic paramagnetic defect centers, hours-long nuclear T1 times, and T2 times suitable for spatially resolving millimeter-scale structures. Combining these properties, we enable a new imaging modality, unique to nanoparticles, that exploits the phase-contrast between spins encoded with a hyperpolarization that is aligned, or anti-aligned with the external magnetic field. The use of phase-encoded hyperpolarization allows nanodiamonds to be tagged and distinguished in an MRI based on their spin-orientation alone, and could permit the action of specific bio-functionalized complexes to be directly compared and imaged.
The RNA binding activity of the first identified trypanosome protein with Z-DNA-binding domains
Authors: Nikpour Najmeh , Salavati Reza
Published: April 2019

RNA-binding proteins play a particularly important role in regulating gene expression in trypanosomes. A map of the network of protein complexes in Trypanosoma brucei uncovered an essential protein (Tb927.10.7910) that is postulated to be an RNA-binding protein implicated in the regulation of the mitochondrial post-transcriptional gene regulatory network by its association with proteins that participate in a multi-protein RNA editing complex. However, the mechanism by which this protein interacts with its multiple target transcripts remained unknown. Using sensitive database searches and experimental data, we identify Z-DNA-binding domains in T. brucei in the N- and C-terminal regions of Tb927.10.7910. RNA-binding studies of the wild-type protein, now referred to as RBP7910 (RNA binding protein 7910), and site-directed mutagenesis of residues important for the Z-DNA binding domains show that it preferentially interacts with RNA molecules containing poly(U) and poly(AU)-rich sequences. The interaction of RBP7910 with these regions may be involved in regulation of RNA editing of mitochondrial transcripts.
Two Experimental Protocols for Accurate Measurement of Gas Component Uptake and Production Rates in Bioconversion Processes
Authors: Stone Kyle A. , He Q. Peter , Wang Jin
Published: April 2019

Bioconversion processes offer many economic, environmental, and societal advantages for production of fuels and chemicals. Successful commercialization of any biotechnology usually requires accurate characterization of cell growth dynamics, substrate conversion and production excretion rates. Despite recent advancements in analytical equipment, obtaining accurate measurement of gas component uptake or production rates remains challenging due to their high sensitivity to system pressure or volume changes. Specifically, the consumption and production of various gases will result in changes in system pressure (for batch operations) or off-gas flow rate (for continuous operations). These changes would cause significant errors in the estimated gas component uptake and production rates if they were not accounted for. In this work, we propose two easy-to-implement experimental protocols and associated calculation procedures to obtain accurate measurements of gas component consumption and production rates; one is for batch operation and one is for continuous operation. For depressurized (i.e., system pressure below 1 atm) batch cultures, nitrogen (or other inert gases) is used to repressurize the system to 1 atm before taking sample; while for continuous cultures, He (or other inert gases) is used as an internal tracer to accurately measure off-gas flow rate. The effectiveness and accuracy of the two protocols and associated calculation procedures are demonstrated using several case studies with both abiotic and biotic systems.
Activation of a TLR9 mediated innate immune response in preeclampsia
Authors: Williamson Rachel D. , McCarthy Fergus P. , Kenny Louise C. , McCarthy Cathal M.
Published: April 2019

Preeclampsia is a multisystemic disorder leading to the development of a placental ischemic microenvironment with a resultant increase in oxidative stress. There is evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction and the innate immune system both play a role in the pathophysiology of this disease. Mitochondrial DAMPs such as mtDNA bind specific pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) on the endosomal surface of immune cells, in particular neutrophils, subsequently activating them and triggering an innate response. We hypothesised that the exaggerated innate immune response seen in preeclampsia is provoked by dysfunctional mitochondria. Here we provide evidence that TLR9 activity is significantly increased at time of disease in women with preeclampsia. Furthermore, we show activation of neutrophil markers, Calprotectin, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), and IL-8 are significantly increased at time of disease compared to uncomplicated pregnancies. This research supports a potential role of TLR9 activation of an innate immune response evident in preeclampsia which may possibly be initially triggered by dysfunctional mitochondria.
USP7: combining tools towards selectivity
Authors: Gjonaj Lorina , Sapmaz Aysegul , González-Prieto Román , Vertegaal Alfred C. O. , Flierman Dennis , Ovaa Huib
Published: April 2019

Selective USP7 acitivity-based probe as an effort of combined tools. A convenient approach to encover selective ubiquitin-based reagents.
Elucidating the mechanism of the structure-dependent enzymatic activity of Fe–N/C oxidase mimics
Authors: Wang Ying , Zhang Ziwei , Jia Guangri , Zheng Lirong , Zhao Jingxiang , Cui Xiaoqiang
Published: April 2019

A strategy for the structure-dependent enzymatic activity is successfully developed for the rational design of high-performance oxidase mimics.
In situremediation of subsurface contamination: opportunities and challenges for nanotechnology and advanced materials
Authors: Zhang Tong , Lowry Gregory V. , Capiro Natalie L. , Chen Jianmin , Chen Wei , Chen Yongsheng , Dionysiou Dionysios D. , Elliott Daniel W. , Ghoshal Subhasis , Hofmann Thilo , Hsu-Kim Heileen , Hughes Joseph , Jiang Chuanjia , Jiang Guibin , Jing Chuanyong , Kavanaugh Michael , Li Qilin , Liu Sijin , Ma Jie , Pan Bingcai , Phenrat Tanapon , Qu Xiaolei , Quan Xie , Saleh Navid , Vikesland Peter J. , Wang Qiuquan , Westerhoff Paul , Wong Michael S. , Xia Tian , Xing Baoshan , Yan Bing , Zhang Lunliang , Zhou Dongmei , Alvarez Pedro J. J.
Published: April 2019

Engineered nanomaterials alone or in combination with other technologies may improvein situsubsurface remediation of legacy and emerging contaminants.
Fe/Mn nanoparticles encapsulated in nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes as a peroxymonosulfate activator for acetamiprid degradation
Authors: Duan Pijun , Ma Tengfei , Yue Yue , Li Yanwei , Zhang Xue , Shang Yanan , Gao Baoyu , Zhang Qingzhu , Yue Qinyan , Xu Xing
Published: April 2019

Bimetallic Fe/Mn nanoparticles and N-doped carbon nanotubes in FeMn@NCNT synergistically activate peroxymonosulfate to form SO4˙−, ˙OH, O2˙− and 1O2 for decomposing acetamiprid.
Enhancement of the visible-light photocatalytic activity of CeO2 by chemisorbed oxygen in the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol
Authors: Cui Zhiqing , Zhou Hongjian , Wang Guozhong , Zhang Yunxia , Zhang Haimin , Zhao Huijun
Published: April 2019

Enriched chemisorbed oxygen on CeO2 significantly improved the activity of photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol under visible light.
A skin inspired bio-smart composite with water responsive shape memory ability
Authors: Han Yanting , Hu Jinlian , Chen Xiaoyu
Published: April 2019

A skin inspired bio-smart composite was prepared by a facile green “paper-making” method, and it exhibits excellent water responsive shape memory.
MicroRNA-153 promotes brain-derived neurotrophic factor and hippocampal neuron proliferation to alleviate autism symptoms through inhibition of JAK-STAT pathway by LEPR
Authors: You Yu-Hui , Qin Zhi-Qiang , Zhang Huan-Li , Yuan Zhao-Hong , Yu Xin
Published: April 2019

Autism is known as a severe neurobehavioral syndrome, with males affected more often than females. Previous studies have revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in the search for novel therapeutic strategies for autism. Therefore, we evaluate the ability of miR-153 to influence brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) of autism as well as proliferation and apoptosis of hippocampal neuron through the janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway by targeting leptin receptor (LEPR). Firstly, the autistic mice models were established and Morris water maze was employed for the analysis of the learning ability and memory of the mice. Besides, in vitro experiments were conducted with the transfection of different mimic, inhibitor, or siRNA into the hippocampal neuron cells, after which the effect of miR-153 on LEPR and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway-related factors was investigated. Next, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and flow cytometry assay were conducted to evaluate cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis respectively following transfection. The results revealed that there was a significant decrease in learning ability and memory in the autistic mice along with a reduction in the positive expression rate of BDNF and serious inflammatory reaction. LEPR was confirmed as a target gene of miR-153 by the dual luciferase reporter gene assay. After transfection of overexpressed miR-153, LEPR and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway were inhibited followed by an increase in BDNF and enhancement of cell proliferation. In conclusion, the high expression of miR-153 can inhibit activation of JAK-STAT signaling pathway by LEPR, thus improving BDNF expression and the proliferative ability of hippocampal neurons.
The Impact of Social Media on Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Need for Examination and Research
Authors: Finn Patrick
Published: April 2019

Purpose

Peer-reviewed research is the typical pathway for research to be implemented into clinical practice. However, the Internet, digital technology, and social media have introduced significant changes for how this information is shared, publicized, evaluated, and utilized. Some of these changes are positive, such as rapid distribution of needed information, whereas others are negative, such as widespread dissemination and influence of fake news and misinformation. The purpose of this editorial is to provide a brief look at how these negative changes have affected the helping professions.

Conclusion

In view of the wide-ranging challenges and influences described here, this editorial is a call for action to our researchers, educators, and clinicians to examine how social media has impacted the scientific practice of communication sciences and disorders. It concludes with a series of questions and examples for how this examination might unfold.
Methods for overcoming misalignment effects and charging control of a dynamic wireless electric vehicle charging system
Authors: Kavitha Merugu , Prasad Dinkar , Bobba Phaneendra Babu
Published: April 2019

A new method of power control for wireless power transmission (WPT) system has been proposed and analysed. The circuit and method suggested in this study holds good promise of reducing switching loss in the high‐frequency converter of WPT. The effect of misalignment between transmitter and receiver coils has been analysed and a simple remedial method has been proposed. The desirability of frequency tuning of converter's output voltage under varying degrees of misalignment has been highlighted. The conventional perturb and observe method for maximum power point tracking has been gainfully employed here to achieve the required frequency tuning of the proposed converter. The proposed methods are implemented and tested on laboratory scale. Some suggestions have been given for augmenting driver assistance system aimed at limiting lateral misalignment in dynamic WPT system. The suggested algorithm is tested in a laboratory environment using a simple communication system.
Immunothérapie et cancer de la vessie : état des connaissances actuelles et perspectives futures
Authors: Lenfant Louis , Rouprêt Morgan
Published: April 2019

Le traitement des cancers par immunothérapie est basé sur l’activation du système immunitaire de l’hôte afin d’induire une activité antitumorale. Le traitement par le BCG en instillation endovésicale, décrit en 1976, fait partie de l’arsenal thérapeutique des tumeurs de vessie n’infiltrant pas le muscle (TVNIM) dans les recommandations des sociétés savantes. Les anticorps monoclonaux dirigés contre des inhibiteurs decheckpointont ouvert le champ des traitements possibles en oncologie et ont été largement étudiés depuis 2011, en urologie notamment. L’avènement des immunothérapies systémiques seules ou en combinaison avec le BCG intra-vésical est déjà en cours d’exploration dans des essais thérapeutiques de phase 2 et 3 dans le cancer localisé, infiltrant le muscle et métastatique.
American eel state of buoyancy and barotrauma susceptibility associated with hydroturbine passage
Authors: Pflugrath Brett D. , Harnish Ryan , Rhode Briana , Beirao Bernardo , Engbrecht Kristin , Stephenson John R. , Colotelo Alison H.
Published: April 2019

American eel are likely to encounter and pass through hydropower turbines, particularly during the downstream spawning migration, where exposure to stressors can potentially lead to injuries and mortality. Previous research has recovered dead eels downstream of hydropower facilities and, for some fish, injuries were easily attributed to blade strike; however, others showed no external signs of injury suggesting that other stressors, such as rapid decompression may be a potential source of mortality. For this research, yellow– and silver-phase American eel were held and allowed to acclimate to 172 kPa (absolute pressure) in hyper/hypobaric hydro-chambers for about 1 d. After acclimation, the state of buoyancy was determined prior to exposure to a rapid decompression simulating pressures encountered during hydroturbine passage. Fish were then examined for signs of barotrauma. Eel did not attain a state of neutral buoyancy but rather maintained negative buoyancy suggesting that eels, and possibly other benthic species, likely maintain a state of negative buoyancy to facilitate occupancy on or near the substrate. Additionally, eel were found to be resilient to rapid decompression, displaying no instantaneous mortality and minimal injuries, suggesting that barotrauma is not likely a major concern for American eel passing downstream through hydroturbines.
The Effects of Notches on the Fatigue Strength of Steel Structures
Authors: Juhas Pavol
Published: April 2019

The paper informs about the research devoted to load–carrying capacity, fatigue strength and life–time of welded steel structures. The experimental programme comprises fatigue tests of constructional steel S380 (QStE 380 TM). In the first stage 35 specimens were tested: 9 without any weld connection, 14 with transverse milled butt weld and 12 with transverse rough butt weld. The applied loading in this stage was harmonic with constant stress range. All tests ended by fatigue failure. The second part of the research comprised the tests with block simulated loading with variable stress range. The third part applied continuous recording of stresses and strains in critical sections, that gave information about the local failure development in time. Data sets have allowed to define fatigue properties of investigated steel and degradation effects of used welds including the initiation time of remarkable changes in stress-strain stage expressed through the total kinetic energy. The degradation effects of welds on fatigue strength of structural steels were confirmed, especially it was the case of rough welds - without additional milling. Additionally, the differences in the fatigue curves inclinations were indicated that can depend on the level of fatigue strength. The applied approach gives an opportunity to analyse the effects of actual loading process and improve the methodology of judgement of fatigue strength and life-time of steel elements. Reasonable fatigue properties of this steel suggest it for using also in severe technology structures.
Transverse load carrying capacity of steel triangularly corrugated web beam with opening
Authors: Kudryavtsev Sergey
Published: April 2019

The paper presents a study of the transverse bending behaviour of corrugated web beam with and without web openings. Examined steel beams consist of two flanges and a thin triangularly corrugated web, connected by automatic welding. In the literature, the influence of web opening over transverse load carrying capacity was dealt with mostly for steel beams with plane, sinusoidal and trapezoidal corrugated webs, so researches of beams with triangularly corrugated webs were found out to be very limited. A parametric study is carried out for various web slenderness and corrugation densities. A general-purpose finite element analysis software ABAQUS was used. The corrugation densities adopted in this study represent practical geometries, which are commonly used for such structures in building practice. Models with and without web openings were analysed and examined in terms of load-deformation characteristics and ultimate web shear resistance. Recommendations are given for the practical design of corrugated web beams weakened by circular openings.
The non-stationary dynamic of a beam under the elastic-plastic impact of a conical indenter
Authors: Beskopylny Alexey , Veremeenko Andrey , Kadomtseva Elena , Beskopylnaia Natalia
Published: April 2019

The problem of impact interaction of a conical indenter with the surface of a steel beam under elastic-plastic deformation is considered. The analysis of the dynamic reaction of the beam to the impact is considered analytically and numerically. The analytical solution is based on the phenomenological model of conical indentation and the solution of wave equations of beam dynamics at impact. The numerical study of the indentation process was carried out using the ANSYS software. The dynamic response of the beam is analyzed for different geometric parameters and different values of strength characteristics. Such tasks are widely used in construction practice in the implementation of non-destructive methods of assessing the mechanical characteristics of structures.
Therapie des essentiellen Blepharospasmus mit Botulinumtoxin
Authors: Kaltenmaier Matthias , Vanselow Karoline , Rollnik Jens , Maschke Matthias
Published: April 2019

Der Blepharospasmus ist eine fokale Dystonie und eine seltene Erkrankung des Gehirns, bei der es zu unwillkürlichen Verkrampfungen der Lidschlussmuskulatur kommt. Die Diagnose wird klinisch gestellt und kann im Zweifel durch elektrophysiologische Untersuchungen bestätigt werden. Die Therapie der Wahl ist die lokale Injektion von Botulinumtoxin, die regelmäßig wiederholt werden muss.
Studiendesigns zur Wirkungsevaluation in Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung – Die Bedeutung interner und externer Validität für die Evidenzbasierung in Lebenswelten
Authors: Bödeker Wolfgang , Moebus Susanne
Published: April 2019

Hintergrund Die Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention in Deutschland haben aufgrund des Präventionsgesetzes an Bedeutung gewonnen. Durch das Gesetz erfahren die sogenannten Lebenswelten (settings) eine besondere Beachtung. Bislang gibt es allerdings weder ein einheitliches Verständnis über diesen Ansatz, noch sind dessen Potenziale empirisch hergeleitet. Es bedarf daher einer Auseinandersetzung mit geeigneten Evaluations- und Studienkonzepten.

Ziele und Methoden Ziele dieser Arbeit sind, die Bedeutung der internen und externen Validität von Interventionsstudien in Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention zu untersuchen. Wir geben einen Überblick zu verschiedenen Studiendesigns im Hinblick auf die erreichbare Verzerrungskontrolle und stellen Anwendungsbeispiele für die Evaluation von Setting-Projekten vor.

Ergebnisse Lebenswelt bezogene Interventionen sind oft durch eine Vielzahl von Maßnahmen, Akteuren und Interventionskontexten gekennzeichnet. Der Evidenz basierten Medizin entliehene Analysemethoden werden in Deutschland für die Gesundheitsförderung kritisch gesehen. Solche Studien würden zwar eine hohe interne Validität aufweisen, die Übertragbarkeit der Ergebnisse auf „die Wirklichkeit“ sei aber gering. Dagegen ist die Übertragbarkeit von Studienergebnissen für Setting-Projekte keine größere Herausforderung als für andere Forschungsfelder. Sie ist nicht durch unterschiedliche Kontexte, sondern durch unterschiedliche Wirkungsbeziehungen begrenzt. Durch einen Wirkungsnachweis soll ein beobachteter Effekt kausal auf eine Intervention zurückgeführt werden. Die erkenntnistheoretischen Anforderungen unterscheiden sich hierbei nicht zwischen Studien, die auf interne oder externe Validität angelegt sind. Die internationale Diskussion fokussiert auf die Weiterentwicklung (quasi)-experimenteller Studiendesigns. Anwendungsbeispiele für Setting-Projekte vorwiegend aus Deutschland verdeutlichen, dass diese Verfahren vereinzelt bereits in der Evaluationspraxis angewendet werden.

Schlussfolgerung Eine Herausforderung für die Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention in Lebenswelten besteht darin, die heterogene Evidenzbasis systematisch zu erfassen. Derzeit liegt eine Vielzahl von Erkenntnissen in einer Vielzahl von Interventionsfeldern vor. Diese Erkenntnisse müssen zusammengestellt und dahingehend analysiert werden, ob und im welchem Umfang weitere Evaluationen mit welchen Methoden zu initiieren sind.
Birth Lacerations in Different Genital Compartments and their Effect on Maternal Subjective Outcome: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Kimmich Nina , Grauwiler Vera , Richter Anne , Zimmermann Roland , Kreft Martina
Published: April 2019

Introduction Lacerations are common in vaginal births, but little is known about tears other than perineal tears and their association with maternal impairment. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and distribution of birth lacerations and their association with maternal discomfort.

Methods From 2/2015 to 12/2016, we conducted a prospective observational study on 140 women with singletons in vertex presentation at term, who gave birth vaginally in our center and were affected by a laceration. The lacerations were assigned objectively and subjectively to eight genital tract compartments. The presence and effect of lacerations on maternal health were assessed by questionnaires for the time before birth (T1), 1–4 days (T2), and 6–8 weeks postpartum (T3).

Results The number of affected compartments was 1.33 objectively and 2.99 at T2 and 1.27 at T3 subjectively. The most affected compartment was the right perineum (73%) followed by the right inner posterior (21%) and the right outer anterior (14%) compartment. Subjective and objective assessment concurred in 83% at T2 and 69% of cases at T3. Overall, impairment of women was low, reversible, and not directly associated with the location of lacerations, although women were psychologically affected.

Conclusion Birth lacerations predominantly appear at the right perineum. Physical impairment from these lacerations is generally low, reversible, and not directly associated with the location of lacerations, although psychological impairment is not negligible.
Der Frosch im Hals
Authors: Corts Magga
Published: April 2019

Die Ursachen für anhaltende Heiserkeit und häufiges Räuspern können unterschiedlich sein, zum Beispiel: Erkältung, Reflux oder ein Tumor. Wenn Heiserkeit länger als drei Wochen besteht, muss durch den HNO-Arzt eine Abklärung erfolgen, um Kehlkopfkrebs auszuschließen. Je nach Ursache der Heiserkeit können verschiedene Therapieansätze hilfreich sein: von Halswickeln über Injektionen bis hin zu einer osteopathischen Behandlung.
Periodontal Disease May be Associated With the Occurrence of Diabetic
Retinopathy: A Subgroup Analysis of The Survey of the Diabetes Coordination
Notebook in Gifu
Authors: Horikawa Yukio , Suzuki Akio , Enya Mayumi , Hashimoto Ken-ichi , Nishida Shohei , Kobayashi Ryo , Ohashi Tetsuya , Yamazaki Futoshi , Totani Rieko , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Yamamoto Mayumi , Itoh Yoshinori , Takeda Jun
Published: April 2019

Aims A questionnaire survey of the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy
was recently conducted in Japan. A subgroup analysis to examine the
association of periodontal disease with diabetic retinopathy in subjects
with diabetes and prediabetes was conducted.

Methods The association of the presence of periodontal disease with
the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy was examined using multivariate
logistic regression analysis.

Results Of 27 016 subjects who completed a survey at 217
community pharmacies, 5 572 had diabetes or prediabetes, among whom
522 and 1 421 had retinopathy or periodontal disease, respectively.
Therapy duration≥10 years (OR: 2.73, 95% CI:
2.17–3.43, P<0.001), periodontal disease (OR: 2.10,
95% CI: 1.68–2.62, P<0.001) and glycated hemoglobin
(HbA1c) ≥ 7.0% (OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.32–2.04,
P<0.001) were significantly associated with the occurrence of
retinopathy, while retinopathy (OR: 2.11, 95% CI:
1.69–2.63, P<0.001) and therapy duration ≥10
years (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.06–1.46, P=0.007) were
significantly associated with the occurrence of periodontal disease. The
prevalence of retinopathy was much higher in diabetic subjects with
periodontal disease than in those without it (15.1% vs.
7.8%, P<0.001). Notably, the difference of prevalence of
retinopathy between subjects with and without periodontal disease was
statistically significant even at HbA1c 6.0–6.9%
(15.2% vs. 7.3%, P<0.01).

Conclusions These findings indicate that the target HbA1c level for
diabetes patients with periodontal disease may be set lower than for those
without it, and that regular dental visits should be prescribed for the
management of periodontal disease and the prevention of diabetic
retinopathy.
Silver-Catalyzed para-Selective C–H Amination of 1-Naphthyl­amides with Azodicarboxylates at Room Temperature
Authors: Li Quan-Zhe , Wang Xun-Hui , Hou Si-Hua , Ma Yan-Yan , Zhao Deng-Gao , Zhang Shu-Yu , Bai He-Yuan , Ding Tong-Mei
Published: April 2019

A simple and efficient protocol for para-selective C–H amination of 1-naphthylamide derivatives under silver catalysis is described. This reaction system could proceed without the help of directing group and a broad range of substrates were proved to be well tolerated. In addition, control experiments suggested that this reaction might not proceed via a single-electron-transfer process.
Directed ortho-Metalation of Arenesulfonyl Fluorides and Aryl Fluorosulfates
Authors: Talko Alicja , Antoniak Damian , Barbasiewicz Michał
Published: April 2019

Studies on directed ortho-metalation (DoM) of arenesulfonyl fluorides (ArSO2F) with in situ electrophile trapping are presented. Under optimized conditions (LDA, THF, –78 °C), a series of model substrates was mono- and difunctionalized with trimethylsilyl chloride in good yields. The synthetic results reveal powerful directing character of the SO2F group, being ahead of bromine and methoxy substituents. Under the same metalation conditions, aryl fluorosulfates (ArOSO2F) display fragmentation to arynes and migration of the SO2F group to the ortho position (anionic thia-Fries rearrangement).
Editorial
Authors: Schiller Udo
Published: April 2019

Liebe kma-Leserinnen und kma-Leser,

rund 20 Millionen Deutsche müssen sich jedes Jahr auf eine sogenannte „Patient Journey“ begeben. Dieser Begriff steht heute für die verschiedenen Phasen, die ein Patient zwischen Anamnese, ambulanter Diagnostik, Krankenhauseinweisung, stationärer Behandlung, Entlassung und Reha durchläuft. Leider gerät das, was er dabei erlebt, allzu oft zur Odyssee. Denn nicht immer gelingt die Reise von einer Station zu nächsten reibungslos. Wenn die „Anschlüsse“ nicht perfekt aufeinander abgestimmt sind, muss der Patient seine Fahrt vorstationär, stationär und nachstationär immer wieder unterbrechen oder sogar neu beginnen.
Patientenkommunikation 2.0: Vom Papier zum mobilen Prozess: Digitaler Workflow für Aufnahme und Aufklärung
Authors: Oerding Miriam
Published: April 2019

Eine Software bündelt alle Aktionen rund um den Aufnahme- und Aufklärungsprozess vor Eingriffen in der Klinik und verzichtet dabei komplett auf Papier: Mit E-ConsentPro mobile lassen sich Verwaltungsabläufe für Klinikpersonal und Patienten möglichst unbürokratisch gestalten.
Selbstauskunft per App: Neues Kommunikationstool für Patient und Krankenhaus
Authors: Ströhlein Lisa
Published: April 2019

Die Geschichte einer Krankheit gibt entscheidende Hinweise auf deren Ursache und künftige Behandlung: Die Anamnese ist damit eine wichtige Station in der „Patient Journey“. Die Thieme Gruppe hat eine App zur Patientenselbstanamnese entwickelt. Mit Hilfe der App sollen sich Patienten künftig aktiv auf ihren Krankenhausaufenthalt vorbereiten und die Kommunikation mit Ärzten und Pflegepersonal optimieren können.
Experimental study of fast electron generation in intense short duration laser solid interaction at grazing incidence
Authors: Mandal T. , Arora V. , Rao B. S. , Moorti A. , Upadhyay A. , Chakera J. A.
Published: April 2019

We report a study on the generation of relativistic fast electrons during the interaction of an ultrashort (45 fs) laser pulse with a variety of targets (Al, Cu, Mo, Si, polyvinyl chloride, and Perspex), at a nearly grazing angle of incidence (∼70°) at an intensity of ∼1.2 × 1018 W/cm2. The fast electron emission direction was found to be dependent on the laser pulse amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) contrast, its extent, and laser pulse duration. For a 45 fs laser pulse and an ASE extent of 1 ns, the electron emission direction changes from a nearly target surface (∼7° ± 2°, divergence: ∼30°) to a specular direction (∼20° ± 2°, divergence: ∼20°) when the contrast was decreased from ∼10−7 to ∼10−6. It further shifts toward target normal with an increase in the ASE duration from 1 ns to 5 ns. For an ASE contrast of ∼10−7 and ∼10−6 with a 1 ns duration, preplasma density scale lengths of ∼30 μm and ∼45 μm were estimated, respectively, from the HELIOS hydrodynamic code. For a longer ASE duration in the range of 1–5 ns, the density scale length was in the range of ∼45–140 μm. Further, for a 45 fs pulse and a 1 ns ASE level, the electron beam charge was found to be higher in the case of Mo (∼52 pC) and Si (∼122 pC) targets compared to the other targets (∼23–34 pC). A further increase in the charge of the electron beam of ∼1.45× (∼75 pC) and ∼2.7× (∼141 pC) was also observed with Mo for a longer pulse duration of ∼170 fs (ASE 1 ns) and a larger ASE duration of 5 ns at (45 fs pulse), respectively. The electron beam properties were found to be independent of laser polarization (p, s, and circular) except a slightly higher charge (∼1.5×) was observed in the case of p-polarized laser light. The fast electron spectrum showed a maximum energy of 1 MeV with electron temperatures of ∼390 keV and ∼320 keV for the target surface and specular direction, respectively. Electron acceleration and their emission are explained in terms of applicable mechanisms in preformed plasma on the target surface considering the role of surface fields which is also established by the 2D particle in cell simulation.
Analytic liquid state theory of the polymer-mediated depletion interaction between colloids beyond preaveraging approximation
Authors: Chervanyov A. I.
Published: April 2019

We develop a version of the polymer reference interaction site model of the polymer-mediated depletion interaction not relying on the conventional preaveraging of the polymer correlation functions (so-called “preaveraging of the polymer end effects”). The developed approach makes it possible to properly take into account the entropic interactions between the polymers and colloid surfaces, imposed by the polymer end effects. These entropic interactions are shown to give rise to an additional long-ranged contribution to the depletion potential that is comparable to its main osmotic part. The presence of the described entropic interactions essentially changes, in particular, the dependence of the second virial coefficient on the colloid radius. Based on the detailed comparison with the simulations in the work of Doxastakis et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 123, 034901 (2005)], we suggest that the described entropic effect gives an explanation for the fact that the range of the depletion potential obtained in these simulations is of the order of the polymer gyration radius even at relatively large polymer densities.
Strain control of the Néel vector in Mn-based antiferromagnets
Authors: Park In Jun , Lee Taehwan , Das Protik , Debnath Bishwajit , Carman Greg P. , Lake Roger K.
Published: April 2019

Control of the Néel vector in antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials is one of the challenges preventing their use as active device components. Several methods have been investigated such as exchange bias, electric current, and spin injection, but little is known about strain-mediated anisotropy. This study of the AFM L10-type MnX alloys MnIr, MnRh, MnNi, MnPd, and MnPt shows that a small amount of strain effectively rotates the direction of the Néel vector by 90° for all of the materials. For MnIr, MnRh, MnNi, and MnPd, the Néel vector rotates within the basal plane. For MnPt, the Néel vector rotates from out-of-plane to in-plane under tensile strain. The effectiveness of strain control is quantified by a metric of efficiency and by direct calculation of the magnetostriction coefficients. The values of the magnetostriction coefficients are comparable with those from ferromagnetic materials. These results indicate that strain is a mechanism that can be exploited for control of the Néel vectors in this family of antiferromagnets.
Thermal adaptation of Japanese sand lance (Ammodytes personatus) in different ocean currents revealed by the cytochrome-b gene
Authors: Deng Zhaochao , Xu Shengyong , Gao Tianxiang , Han Zhiqiang
Published: April 2019

To assess the possible thermal selection on mitochondrial coding genes in cold water species, we explored the population structure of Japanese sand lance (Ammodytes personatus) and performed selection tests on the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene of species, using 174 individuals from eight different sea temperature populations in different ocean currents. Two distinct haplotype lineages were present in this species, and the lineage frequencies varied with changes in sea temperature. The selection tests showed that A. personatus was subject to purifying selection. Populations living in cold climates had a considerably smaller non-synonymous substitution rate/synonymous substitution rate (dN/dS) than those in temperate areas. The efficiency of the electron transfer chain system may be affected by amino acid changes at codons 353 and 371. These findings provide new evidence that temperature may affect the contemporary distribution of mitochondrial DNA clade frequencies in A. personatus.
Neoproterozoic to early Phanerozoic rise in island arc redox state due to deep ocean oxygenation and increased marine sulfate levels
Authors: Stolper Daniel A. , Bucholz Claire E.
Published: April 2019

Significance

Igneous island arc rocks are more oxidized than midocean-ridge basalts. Whether this originates from an oxidized mantle source or during differentiation or eruption is debated. Newly compiled Fe
3+
/ΣFe and V/Sc ratios presented here indicate that island arc rocks became more oxidized 800–400 Ma. We attribute this increase in the redox state of island arc rocks to the oxidation of their mantle source from subduction of oxidized oceanic crust following deep-ocean oxygenation and increased marine sulfate concentrations over the same time interval. This provides evidence that the oxidized nature of modern island arc magmas is due to an oxidized mantle source and represents a rare example of a change in the surface biogeochemistry influencing the igneous rock record.
MicroRNA-543 promotes cell invasion and impedes apoptosis in pituitary adenoma via activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by negative regulation of Smad7
Authors: Shen Da-Wei , Li Yun-Long , Hou Yu-Jie , Xu Zhi-Dan , Li Yong-Zhe , Chang Jian-Yong
Published: April 2019

Pituitary adenomas (PA) are commonly occurring benign neoplasms. Identification of molecular pathway resulting in pituitary tumorigenesis remains challenges in endocrine oncology. The present study was conducted with aim of investigating the role of microRNA-543 (miR-543) in PA development. Up-regulated miR-543 and downregulated Smad7 were observed in PA tissues. Afterwards, the specific mechanism of miR-543 and Smad7 in PA were determined with the use of ectopic expression, depletion and reporter assay experiments. Smad7 was confirmed as a target gene of miR-543. HP75 cells treated with overexpressed miR-543 exhibited increased cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while decreased cell apoptosis as well as expression of Cleaved caspase-3 and Cleaved caspase-8 were observed. Suppression of miR-543 contributed to an opposite trend to the above findings. Based on the findings, the inhibition of miR-543 was found to play a tumor suppressive role in PA through the down-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway by negatively regulating Smad7.
Multidrug-resistant Organisms in Hospitals: What Is on Patient Hands and in Their Rooms?
Authors: Mody Lona , Washer Laraine L , Kaye Keith S , Gibson Kristen , Saint Sanjay , Reyes Katherine , Cassone Marco , Mantey Julia , Cao Jie , Altamimi Sarah , Perri Mary , Sax Hugo , Chopra Vineet , Zervos Marcus
Published: April 2019

Background

The impact of healthcare personnel hand contamination in multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) transmission is important and well studied; however, the role of patient hand contamination needs to be characterized further.

Methods

Patients from 2 hospitals in southeast Michigan were recruited within 24 hours of arrival to their room and followed prospectively using microbial surveillance of nares, dominant hand, and 6 high-touch environmental surfaces. Sampling was performed on admission, days 3 and 7, and weekly until discharge. Paired samples of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from the patients’ hand and room surfaces were evaluated for relatedness using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec, and Panton-Valentine leukocidin typing.

Results

A total of 399 patients (mean age, 60.8 years; 49% male) were enrolled and followed for 710 visits. Fourteen percent (n = 56/399) of patients were colonized with an MDRO at baseline; 10% (40/399) had an MDRO on their hands. Twenty-nine percent of rooms harbored an MDRO. Six percent (14/225 patients with at least 2 visits) newly acquired an MDRO on their hands during their stay. New MDRO acquisition in patients occurred at a rate of 24.6/1000 patient-days, and in rooms at a rate of 58.6/1000 patient-days. Typing demonstrated a high correlation between MRSA on patient hands and room surfaces.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that patient hand contamination with MDROs is common and correlates with contamination on high-touch room surfaces. Patient hand hygiene protocols should be considered to reduce transmission of pathogens and healthcare-associated infections.
‘Out of All That Is Alive and Felt’: The Austrian Werkbund and the Design of Social Democracy
Authors: Rahman Sabrina
Published: April 2019

This article analyses the interior designs of the Austrian Werkbund in the context of political designs for social democracy, focussing particularly on the 1932 Werkbundsiedlung as a site of aesthetic and cultural inclusion. By embracing the vernacular idioms of Central and Eastern European folk art, the Historicist style associated with nineteenth-century Austrian imperialism and the innovations of modern technology, the Werkbund represented an attempt to come to terms with the cultural legacy of the empire and to define the future of the Austrian state. In doing so, a comfortable, decidedly sentimental approach to design came to function as a site of encounter between history and ethnicity, offering a visual continuity between pre-1918 imperial Vienna and inter-war Red Vienna. Werkbund designers such as Josef Frank, Paul Fischel, Heinrich Kulka, Adolf Loos, Heinz Siller and Oskar Wlach were thus well positioned to contribute to the programme of eclectic decoration that was sponsored by the social democratic welfare initiatives of 1920s and 1930s Vienna.
Strategic Autocracy: American Military Forces and Regime Type
Authors: Stravers Andrew , Kurd Dana El
Published: April 2019

What effect do American military forces have on domestic regimes where they are hosted? America's unparalleled global position is well studied, but less attention has been paid to the effect of its global military presence on governance. We argue that American forces have an autocratizing effect on host nations in strategically valuable regions. In ambiguous or unfavorable information environments, the key driver of American policy is the strategic value of the location to American interests. American and host interests align in these cases, supporting regime survival where the location is critical to the United States and its global system of trade and military preeminence. This alignment produces increasing autocracy rather than simple regime stability. We test this hypothesis with data of American force deployments since 1950 and illustrate the causal mechanisms with case study analysis.
US Dominance in International Relations and Security Scholarship in Leading Journals
Authors: Hendrix Cullen S , Vreede Jon
Published: April 2019

This article investigates the factors that affect scholarly attention on particular countries in four major international relations (IR) journals: International Studies Quarterly, International Organization, International Security, and World Politics for the period 1970 to the present. The analysis supports three basic conclusions. First, the United States receives the most scholarly attention in leading IR journals by a large margin. Second, a baseline model of scholarly attention, including just population, gross domestic product (GDP), and a dummy for the United States fits the data rather well. Additional factors such as membership in prominent international organizations or involvement in armed conflicts improve model fit, but only marginally, with little evidence of regional or English-language bias. And third, there is only weak evidence that countries with stronger economic and security linkages with the United States receive more attention. However, Israel and Taiwan—two countries with unique security relationships with the United States—receive more scholarly attention than either the baseline or augmented models would predict. Our analysis of bibliometric data from leading IR journals indicates the United States is the three-hundred-thousand-pound blue whale of IR scholarship. However, this emphasis is not particularly outsized when its large population, economy, and its extensive history of participation in interstate wars are taken into account.
Temperature and density dependent cooling function for H2 with updated H2/H collisional rates
Authors: Coppola Carla Maria , Lique François , Mazzia Francesca , Esposito Fabrizio , Kazandjian Mher V
Published: April 2019

The energy transfer among the components in a gas determines its fate. Especially at low temperatures, inelastic collisions drive the cooling and the heating mechanisms. In the early Universe as well as in zero- or low-metallicity environments the major contribution comes from the collisions among atomic and molecular hydrogen, also in its deuterated version. This work shows some updated calculations of the H2 cooling function based on novel collisional data which explicitly take into account the reactive pathway at low temperatures. Deviations from previous calculations are discussed and a multivariate data analysis is performed to provide a fit depending on both the gas temperature and the density of the gas.
The First Movement of Mahler’s Tenth Symphony and the “Burden” of Romantic Form
Authors: Hogrefe Eric
Published: April 2019

Studies of post-Classical form must inevitably contend with the issue of how eighteenth-century practices retain relevance in later repertory. This article offers a framework for considering musical form and historical distance around the beginning of the twentieth century. Following historian Hayden White, I analyze the first movement of Mahler’s Tenth Symphony as an example of formal troping. Mahler’s movement is shown to enact a conflict between metaphor and metonymy in its treatment of Adagio practice and sonata form. In portraying Mahler’s form tropologically, this article emphasizes the role of historical distance within Mahler’s formal imagination.
Sex Differences in the Reward-Enhancing Effects of Nicotine on Ethanol Reinforcement: A Reinforcer Demand Analysis
Authors: Barrett Scott T , Thompson Brady M , Emory Jessica R , Larsen Chris E , Pittenger Steven T , Harris Edward N , Bevins Rick A
Published: April 2019

Background

Alcohol is often consumed with tobacco, and dependence to alcohol and tobacco are highly comorbid. In addition, there are differences in the prevalence of nicotine- and alcohol-abuse between the sexes. Nicotine produces enhancing effects on the value of other reinforcers, which may extend to alcohol.

Methods

Male and female Wistar rats were trained to self-administer 15% ethanol solution in 30-minute sessions. Once ethanol self-administration was established, demand for ethanol was evaluated using an exponential reinforcer demand method, in which the response cost per reinforcer delivery was systematically increased over blocks of several sessions. Within each cost condition, rats were preinjected with nicotine (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 mg/kg base, SC) or saline 5 minutes before self-administration sessions. The effects of nicotine dose and biological sex were evaluated using the estimates generated by the reinforcer demand model.

Results

Under saline conditions, males showed greater sensitivity to ethanol reinforcement than females. Nicotine enhanced the reinforcement value of alcohol and this varied with sex. In both sexes, 0.4 mg/kg nicotine decreased intensity of ethanol demand. However, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/kg nicotine decreased elasticity of ethanol demand in females, but not in males.

Conclusions

Nicotine enhances ethanol reinforcement, which may partially drive comorbidity between nicotine-abuse and alcohol-abuse. Males showed signs of greater ethanol reinforcement value than females under saline conditions, and nicotine attenuated this effect by increasing ethanol reinforcement value in the females. These findings highlight that a complete understanding of alcohol-abuse must include a thorough study of alcohol use in the context of other drug use, including nicotine.

Implications

Nicotine dose dependently enhances the alcohol reinforcement value in a manner that is clearly influenced by biological sex. Under saline baseline conditions, males show lower elasticity of demand for alcohol reinforcement than females, indicative of greater reinforcement value. However, nicotine attenuated this difference by enhancing alcohol reward in the females. Specifically, low-to-moderate doses (0.05–0.2 mg/kg) of nicotine decreased elasticity of alcohol demand in female rats, increasing the perseverance of their alcohol taking behavior. These data indicate that the well-documented reward-enhancing effects of nicotine on sensory reinforcement extend to alcohol reinforcement and that these vary with biological sex.