bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Industrial Peace through Arbitration”: George Taylor and the Genius of the War Labor Board
Authors: Schatz Ronald W.
Published: November 2014

Thirty years ago Lichtenstein, Stone, Lynd, et al. accused the National War Labor Board (NWLB) of pursuing policies that crushed worker militancy during World War II, with dreadful long-term consequences. Critiquing that view in this article, Ronald Schatz offers a new interpretation. First, the board contributed to the production of goods essential to the war by mediating between unions and corporations, which in turn helped forestall a “labor draft.” Second, it trained a corps of capable arbitrators acceptable to both unions and management who went on to become the principal intermediaries in American industries for decades. Third, the board required corporations and unions to accept binding-arbitration clauses that over time tended to be more beneficial to workers and unions than to stockholders and management. Finally, the system constructed in 1942–45 served as a model when government and service workers organized in the 1960s. The article is based on close examination of meetings of the NWLB and the regional war labor boards as well as the background and perspective of George Taylor.
Driving on Speed: Long-Haul Truck Drivers and Amphetamines in the Postwar Period
Authors: Riley Kevin
Published: November 2014

In this essay, Kevin Riley examines the history of amphetamine use by long-haul truck drivers in the United States in the postwar era, providing an extended analysis of the complex ways stimulant use was embedded in industry practice. Riley demonstrates the black market in amphetamines on the nation's highways was inextricably tied to the business of unregulated trucking—an overall absence of regulatory control on the “competitive fringe” of the industry meant exposure to intense competitive conditions that encouraged excessive drive times and subsequent reliance on stimulants. Riley also considers the predominant responses to the amphetamine problem by trucking industry representatives, government officials, organized labor, and the mass media, all of which helped to obscure the work-related roots of the amphetamine problem. The essay contributes to an understanding of how the corporeality of work is both molded by larger economic and political forces and enshrouded in cultural meaning.
Downregulation of miR122 by grainyhead-like 2 restricts the hepatocytic differentiation potential of adult liver progenitor cells
Authors: Tanimizu Naoki , Kobayashi Seiji , Ichinohe Norihisa , Mitaka Toshihiro
Published: November 2014

Late fetal and adult livers are reported to contain bipotential liver stem/progenitor cells (LPCs), which share surface markers, including epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), with cholangiocytes and differentiate into both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. However, recent results do not necessarily support the idea that LPCs contribute significantly to cellular turnover and regeneration by supplying new hepatocytes. Here, we examined the colony-forming capability of EpCAM+ cells isolated from mouse livers between E17 and 11 weeks of age. We found that the number of bipotential colonies was greatly reduced between 1 and 6 weeks, indicating that the number of LPCs decreases during postnatal development. Moreover, bipotential colonies derived from adult LPCs contained substantially fewer albumin+ cells than those from neonatal LPCs. We further examined the differentiation potential of neonatal and adult LPCs by transplantation and found that neonatal cells differentiated into mature hepatocytes in recipient livers more frequently than adult LPCs. Since we previously reported that the transcription factor grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2) expressed in EpCAM+ cells inhibits hepatocytic differentiation, we examined whether targets of GRHL2 might block hepatocytic differentiation. DNA and microRNA microarrays revealed that miR122, the expression of which correlates with hepatocytic differentiation, was greatly reduced in adult as compared with neonatal EpCAM+ cells. Indeed, GRHL2 negatively regulates the promoter/enhancer activity of the Mir122 gene. Our results indicate that neonatal but not adult EpCAM+ LPCs have great potential to produce albumin+ hepatocytes. GRHL2 suppresses transcription of miR122 and thereby restricts the differentiation potential of adult LPCs.
Celsr1 is required for the generation of polarity at multiple levels of the mouse oviduct
Authors: Shi Dongbo , Komatsu Kouji , Hirao Mayumi , Toyooka Yayoi , Koyama Hiroshi , Tissir Fadel , Goffinet André M. , Uemura Tadashi , Fujimori Toshihiko
Published: November 2014

The oviduct is an important organ in reproduction where fertilization occurs, and through which the fertilized eggs are carried to the uterus in mammals. This organ is highly polarized, where the epithelium forms longitudinal folds along the ovary-uterus axis, and the epithelial multicilia beat towards the uterus to transport the ovulated ova. Here, we analyzed the postnatal development of mouse oviduct and report that multilevel polarities of the oviduct are regulated by a planar cell polarity (PCP) gene, Celsr1. In the epithelium, Celsr1 is concentrated in the specific cellular boundaries perpendicular to the ovary-uterus axis from postnatal day 2. We found a new feature of cellular polarity in the oviduct – the apical surface of epithelial cells is elongated along the ovary-uterus axis. In Celsr1-deficient mice, the ciliary motion is not orchestrated along the ovary-uterus axis and the transport ability of beating cilia is impaired. Epithelial cells show less elongation and randomized orientation, and epithelial folds show randomized directionality and ectopic branches in the mutant. Our mosaic analysis suggests that the geometry of epithelial cells is primarily regulated by Celsr1 and as a consequence the epithelial folds are aligned. Taken together, we reveal the characteristics of the multilevel polarity formation processes in the mouse oviduct epithelium and suggest a novel function of the PCP pathway for proper tissue morphogenesis.
Comparative mutational analyses of influenza A viruses
Authors: Cheung Peter Pak-Hang , Rogozin Igor B. , Choy Ka-Tim , Ng Hoi Yee , Peiris Joseph Sriyal Malik , Yen Hui-Ling
Published: November 2014

The error-prone RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) and external selective pressures are the driving forces for RNA viral diversity. When confounded by selective pressures, it is difficult to assess if influenza A viruses (IAV) that have a wide host range possess comparable or distinct spontaneous mutational frequency in their RdRPs. We used in-depth bioinformatics analyses to assess the spontaneous mutational frequencies of two RdRPs derived from human seasonal (A/Wuhan/359/95; Wuhan) and H5N1 (A/Vietnam/1203/04; VN1203) viruses using the mini-genome system with a common firefly luciferase reporter serving as the template. High-fidelity reverse transcriptase was applied to generate high-quality mutational spectra which allowed us to assess and compare the mutational frequencies and mutable motifs along a target sequence of the two RdRPs of two different subtypes. We observed correlated mutational spectra (τ correlation P < 0.0001), comparable mutational frequencies (H3N2:5.8 ± 0.9; H5N1:6.0 ± 0.5), and discovered a highly mutable motif “(A)AAG” for both Wuhan and VN1203 RdRPs. Results were then confirmed with two recombinant A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8) viruses that possess RdRP derived from Wuhan or VN1203 (RG-PR8×WuhanPB2, PB1, PA, NP and RG-PR8×VN1203PB2, PB1, PA, NP). Applying novel bioinformatics analysis on influenza mutational spectra, we provide a platform for a comprehensive analysis of the spontaneous mutation spectra for an RNA virus.
Bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei do not require mRPN1 for gRNA processing
Authors: Carnes Jason , Lerch Melissa , Kurtz Irina , Stuart Ken
Published: November 2014

Mitochondrial RNA processing in the kinetoplastid parasite Trypanosoma brucei involves numerous specialized catalytic activities that are incompletely understood. The mitochondrial genome consists of maxicircles that primarily encode rRNAs and mRNAs, and minicircles that encode a diverse array of guide RNAs (gRNAs). RNA editing uses these gRNAs as templates to recode mRNAs by insertion and deletion of uridine (U) residues. While the multiprotein complex that catalyzes RNA editing has been extensively studied, other players involved in mitochondrial RNA processing have remained enigmatic. The proteins required for processing mitochondrial polycistronic transcripts into mature species was essentially unknown until an RNase III endonuclease, called mRPN1, was reported to be involved in gRNA processing in procyclic form parasites. In this work, we examine the role of mRPN1 in gRNA processing in bloodstream form parasites, and show that complete elimination of mRPN1 by gene knockout does not alter gRNA maturation. These results indicate that another enzyme must be involved in gRNA processing.
Conservation of an intricate circuit for crucial modifications of the tRNAPhe anticodon loop in eukaryotes
Authors: Guy Michael P. , Phizicky Eric M.
Published: November 2014

Post-transcriptional tRNA modifications are critical for efficient and accurate translation, and have multiple different roles. Lack of modifications often leads to different biological consequences in different organisms, and in humans is frequently associated with neurological disorders. We investigate here the conservation of a unique circuitry for anticodon loop modification required for healthy growth in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. S. cerevisiae Trm7 interacts separately with Trm732 and Trm734 to 2′-O-methylate three substrate tRNAs at anticodon loop residues C32 and N34, and these modifications are required for efficient wybutosine formation at m1G37 of tRNAPhe. Moreover, trm7Δ and trm732Δ trm734Δ mutants grow poorly due to lack of functional tRNAPhe. It is unknown if this circuitry is conserved and important for tRNAPhe modification in other eukaryotes, but a likely human TRM7 ortholog is implicated in nonsyndromic X-linked intellectual disability. We find that the distantly related yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has retained this circuitry for anticodon loop modification, that S. pombe trm7Δ and trm734Δ mutants have more severe phenotypes than the S. cerevisiae mutants, and that tRNAPhe is the major biological target. Furthermore, we provide evidence that Trm7 and Trm732 function is widely conserved throughout eukaryotes, since human FTSJ1 and THADA, respectively, complement growth defects of S. cerevisiae trm7Δ and trm732Δ trm734Δ mutants by modifying C32 of tRNAPhe, each working with the corresponding S. cerevisiae partner protein. These results suggest widespread importance of 2′-O-methylation of the tRNA anticodon loop, implicate tRNAPhe as the crucial substrate, and suggest that this modification circuitry is important for human neuronal development.
Foreign Experience of Authentic Estimation in Profile Teaching with Application of a Portfolio Activity Tasks and Projects
Authors: Новикова  , Novikova Tatyana
Published: November 2014

The article reveals the issues of estimation and its strategy changes in foreign countries. The attention is paid to alternative methods and technologies of

estimation, which allow estimating "the advanced skills" of pupils and that is technology of portfolio. This article describes therequirements which allow

making authentic estimation. There is an answer to the question: why the Russian and foreign school needs a portfolio. It describes the types of portfolio

and gives the characteristic of an effective portfolio. It reveals the procedures of portfolio formation. There are examples of possible portfolio usage. It

considers the requirements to portfolio, used in profile training, rules of its presentation, criteria of estimation, with the use of case-stadi method.
A Network Economic Game Theory Model of a Service-Oriented Internet with Price and Quality Competition in Both Content and Network Provision
Authors: Saberi Sara , Nagurney Anna , Wolf Tilman
Published: November 2014

One key challenge in the current Internet is the inefficiency of the mechanisms by which technology is deployed and the business and economic models surrounding these processes. Customers' demands are driving the Internet and telecommunication networks toward the provision of quality-based end-to-end services, which need a richer family of performance guarantees. We believe that novel insights into future Internet structures can be obtained from taking into account the associated economic models and equilibrium conditions among providers. This paper develops a basic and a general network economic game theory model of a quality-based service-oriented Internet to study the competition among the service providers (both content and network providers). We derive the governing equilibrium conditions and provide the equivalent variational inequality formulations. An algorithm is proposed that yields closed-form expressions, at each iteration, for the prices and quality levels. To illustrate the modeling framework and the algorithm, we present computed solutions to numerical examples. The results show the generality of the proposed network economic model for a future Internet.
Improving colorectal cancer patients' quality of life after stoma formation
Authors: Perez-Merino Ruth
Published: November 2014

Existing research proposes that there are strong links between the delivery of psychosocial care and positive quality of life in patients living with faecal stomas (ostomates) and who also have colorectal cancer. Evidence would also suggest that ostomates' psychosocial needs are still going unmet. This article identifies a selection of existing guidance and evidence for colorectal nursing practice and critically appraises its effect on meeting the psychosocial needs of adult ostomates as a means of improving quality of life. Possible explanations for gaps between theory and practice are reflected upon, and practical guidance for health professionals as well as future research opportunities to improve patient outcomes are offered.
Runoff Prediction Using an Aggregation Hydrology Model on Seulimum River Sub Watershed, Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: Chairani Susi , Ferijal T. , Heryanty Ulva
Published: November 2014

The objective of the present study was to predict the runoff in Seulimeum River sub watershed by utilizing an aggregation hydrology model. The method in this research consisted of field observation, collecting data and map, testing model, and analyzing data. Some parameters were used as the inputs on the model, such as: maximum storage, actual groundwater storage, soil moisture, and the constant of soil moisture k(t). The aggregation hydrology model was tested using 3 (three) statistical parameters, such as; determination coefficient (R2), biased percentage (PBIAS), and Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (ENS). The result showed that the minimum runoff occured in 1998 was 70.22 mm and the maximum runoff occurred in 1987 was 759.12 mm. The model testing showed that the aggregation hydrology model had a good performance in predicting the discharge of Krueng Seulimemum Sub Watershed; the R2, P biased, and ENS resulted 0.92, -5.21%, and 0.90, respectively
Entre el Bronce Final y el Hierro Antiguo. Las cerámicas a mano de La Solana del Castell (Xàtiva, València)
Authors: Pérez Ballester José
Published: November 2014

Presentamos la ordenación tipológica de las cerámicas a mano de La Solana del Castell (Xàtiva, València), desde el Bronce Final (s. IX a.C.) al Hierro Antiguo (s. VII-1ª mitad s. VI a.C.). Destaca su fuerte relación con el Bajo Segura y el Valle del Vinalopó (Alacant), más que con las tierras situadas al norte del río Xùquer.
La Solana de las Pilillas y otros testimonios de producción y consumo de vino en la Meseta de Requena-Utiel
Authors: Martínez Valle Asunción
Published: November 2014

Presentamos en este trabajo los primeros testimonios de viticultura en época ibérica en la Meseta de Requena-Utiel; yacimientos que se relacionan con la producción y el comercio de vino y materiales que se asocian a su consumo. Los lagares rupestres localizados en las ramblas de Los Morenos y de La Alcantarilla (Requena) son un exponente de la producción, destacando la Solana de las Pilillas (rambla de Los Morenos) que inicia su actividad entre finales del s. VII y comienzos del s. VI a.C. De los recipientes cerámicos aportamos tres tipos de ánforas de elaboración local (VI y V a.C.) cuyas formas derivan de los prototipos fenicios y el estudio de una copa ibérica con decoración pintada que alude a un mito homérico. Estos testimonios materiales nos permiten afirmar que el vino y su «cultura» tuvieron una temprana implantación (ss. VII-VI a.C.) en el altiplano de Requena-Utiel y fueron el origen de un paisaje cultural que ha evolucionado hasta la actualidad.
El original sistema romano de captación y distribución de las aguas mineromedicinales en el balneario de Lugo: nuevos datos
Authors: González Soutelo Silvia
Published: November 2014

En el balneario de Lugo, situado a los pies de esa ciudad, son múltiples las evidencias arqueológicas que se constatan del complejo romano de baños salutíferos y que aún en la actualidad se pueden visitar dentro de la instalación moderna. Sin embargo, uno de los aspectos peor conocidos remite al sistema romano de captación y distribución del agua mineromedicinal termal dentro del establecimiento, aspecto motivado en gran medida por su reutilización y su compleja articulación. Para solventar ese vacío, presentamos una primera descripción y análisis de las infraestructuras romanas que lo constituyen y que, gracias a su inmejorable estado de conservación, siguen siendo el eje vertebrador del abastecimiento hidráulico del actual complejo de baños.
Novedades epigráficas de Edeta (Llíria, Valencia)
Authors: Escrivà Torres Vicente , Martínez Camps Carmen , Sabater Pérez Ana , Vidal Ferrús Xavier
Published: November 2014

Se presentan en este artículo diversas inscripciones romanas de la antigua civitas Edetanorum (Llíria, Valencia) recuperadas en las intervenciones arqueológicas realizadas entre los años 2008 y 2013. Nuestro trabajo se centra en el estudio de seis inscripciones realizadas sobre soporte pétreo y diversos grafitos inscritos sobre instrumentum domesticum, ambos sobre dos dolia.
Diazonium Salts as Grafting Agents and Efficient Radical Hydrosilylation Initiators for Freestanding Photoluminescent Silicon Nanocrystals
Authors: Helbich Tobias , Höhlein Ignaz M. D. , Kehrle Julian , Yang Zhenyu , Veinot Jonathan G. C. , Rieger Bernhard
Published: November 2014

The reactivity of diazonium salts towards freestanding, photoluminescent silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) is reported. It was found that SiNCs can be functionalized with aryl groups via direct reductive grafting of the diazonium salts. Furthermore diazonium salts proved to act as efficient radical initiators for SiNC hydrosilylation. For this purpose, novel electron deficient diazonium salts, highly soluble in nonpolar solvents, were synthesized. Thus the SiNCs were functionalized with a variety of alkenes and alkynes at room temperature with short reaction times.
Ferrocene-based Silylenes
Authors: Oetzel Jan , Bruhn Clemens , Siemeling Ulrich
Published: November 2014

Soon after the spectacular isolation of the first stable N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) by Arduengo et al. in 1991, NHCs attained the status of ordinary compounds with very useful, but essentially unspectacular, chemical behavior. In contrast to this widespread judgement, ferrocene-based NHCs of type 1 (E = C) exhibit a highly unexpected reactivity, which makes them suitable for the activation of fundamentally important small molecules like CO or \(NH_{3}\) and supports the burgeoning concept of main-group elements as transition metals. We expect similarly unusual properties for the heavier homologues of carbon(II) compounds of type 1, in particular for the corresponding silylenes (E = Si). In comparison to carbene chemistry, silylene chemistry is less developed. First results concerning the synthesis and reactivity of ferrocene-based N-heterocyclic silylenes and also germylenes, stannylenes and plumbylenes (E = Ge, Sn, Pb) will be presented.
Factors Affecting Adherence on Hypertension Treatment: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Widodo Setyo BP , Adam Mochamad Faisal , afifah naela , Isma'il Faathimah Mahmudi , Kekalih Aria , Rahmaditya Fajar , Rosyady Maulana
Published: November 2014

Background
Recent national epidemiologic study suggestst that while the prevalence rate of hypertension in population older than 18 years old is no less than 26.5%, only 10.2% was diagnosed by healthcare provider or is currently on antihypertensive treatment. Being a chronic degenerative disease, treatment of hypertension requires the patient to adhere to regimens of both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical intervention in a sustainable fashion, which for the longest time has been identified as a major stumbling block in achieving the desired level of blood pressure.

Multiple studies have been conducted in the past focusing on the perspective of the health workers, eg formulating methods to increase patients compliance to the therapies. On the opposite, studies which explore patients' mind and standpoints are either lacking or non-existent. The objective of this study is to identify - and possibly understand - factors affecting patients compliance to antihypertensive regimens in a new light.

Methods
This study was conducted on May 2014, in one primary health care center in Jakarta, Indonesia. Patients with previous diagnosis of hypertension were identified as either compliant or noncompliant. Noncompliance issues were identified through the use of Morisky-Green test. Noncompliant patients were then interviewed to identify the cause of noncompliance.

Results
Eight patients were identified as noncompliants, and were interviewed. Several issues were identified during the course of said interviews; 1) False perception of sickness, 2) Failure to understand the goal of antihypertensive therapy, 3) Opting for herbal and/or traditional remedies as subtitutes to antihypertensive durgs, 4) Difficult or limited access to healthcare facilities, and 5) Information obtained from healthcare workers was unconvincing and/or inadequate.

Conclusion
Patients poor understanding of hypertension and its treatment is the most prominent cause of poor compliance. Adequate patient education must include not only the diagnosis and drugs, but also goals of the therapy and the importance of carrying out said therapy in a routine manner. Developing trust between physicians and patients may also help in convincing patients to comply to the treatment.
Characterization of Two Novel Pharmacological ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels Modulators in Isolated Rat Heart Mitochondria
Authors: Petrus Alexandra , Duicu Oana , Sturza Adrian , Noveanu Lavinia , Baczkó István , Muntean Danina , Jost Norbert
Published: November 2014

Background
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a major role in the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion injury and cardiac arrhythmias. Mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mitoKATP) openers such as diazoxide and pinacidil have been reported to elicit cardioprotective effects via mild uncoupling and/or respiratory chain inhibition. The aim of the present study was to characterize the effects of two novel mitoKATP modulators (KL-1488 and KL 1495) on the respiratory rates and calcium retention capacity of isolated rat heart mitochondria.

Methods
Mitochondrial respiratory function was assessed by high-resolution respirometry (Oxygraph-2k Oroboros Ltd.) at 370C according to the Substrate-Uncoupler-Inhibitor Titration (SUIT) protocol, as follows: complex I (CI) and complex II (CII) dependent respiration was stimulated by glutamate + malate and rotenone + succinate, respectively (State 2) and subsequent ADP (State 3, OXPHOS state) addition; cytochrome c addition evaluated the intactness of the outer mitochondrial membrane; ATP synthase was inhibited by oligomycin (State 4); uncoupled respiration was obtained by FCCP titration; respiration was inhibited with antimycin A. Calcium retention capacity (CRC) was determined by spectrofluorimetry and calculated as the amount of calcium taken by mitochondria before opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in the presence of the pharmacological agents.

Results
For both C I and C II-supported respiration, 150 M of KL 1495 (but not of KL 1488) significantly increased respiratory rates in State 2 and 4, and decreased State 3 respiration, respectively. No inhibition of mPTP opening was observed in the presence of either compound.

Conclusion
The mitochondrial uncoupling and respiratory chain inhibition induced by KL 1495 could play a role in cardioprotection during the postischemic reperfusion. The research was funded by the POSDRU grant no. 159/1.5/S/136893 titled Parteneriat strategic pentru creșterea calității cercetării științifice din universitățile medicale prin acordarea de burse doctorale și postdoctorale DocMed.Net_2.0 (A.P.).
Candesartan ameliorates the functional renal disorder in diabetic nephropathy induced by streptozotocin
Authors: Kostovski Marko , Vasileva Ana , Trojacanec Jasmina
Published: November 2014

Background
Diabetic nephropaty (DN) occurs in approximately 40% of patients with diabetes mellitus, and is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease. The mechanisms of DN are not very clear more recently, but the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role. It has been known that rennin-angiotensin system blockers have a renal protective effect. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of the candesartan on functional renal tests in streptozotocin (STZ) induced DN in rats.

Methods
DM was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection (ip) injection of STZ (60 mg/kg). In order to develop DN the animals were left in diabetic condition during 4 weeks. The DM rats were randomly assigned to the two experimental groups (STZ and STZ+CAN). To estimate the symptoms and signs of DN, the STZ group of rats was left without treatment. For assessment of the effects of the AT1 antagonist, candesartan (CAN) (5 mg/kg/day) was administered from week 4 to week 12. Renal function was assessed by determination of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test, 24-hour urine volume and urine albumin.

Results
The administration of STZ have caused diabetes mellitus (DM) with symptoms and signs of DN including poor general condition, body weight loss, as well as abnormalities of serum and urinary renal function tests. In STZ group of rats, these symptoms have been more distinctly 8 and 12 weeks after administration of STZ.

Conclusion
The candesartan treatment, although not completely but to a great extent ameliorates the functional renal disorder induced by STZ and may be used as a first line drug in preventing DN.
Evaluation of HMGB1 protein in cerebrospinal fluid to predict treatment outcome in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients
Authors: Wąsik Norbert , Sokół Bartosz , Woźniak Anna
Published: November 2014

Background
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a life threatening and disabling condition. Approximately 70% of patients die or require long  term assisted care due to neurological impairment. First 72 hours of brain injury are crucial for tissue oxygenation, which predicts patient survival. An inflammatory marker, HMGB1 protein, was found to be strongly involved in long term repair and defense programs in cerebral ischemia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate HMGB1 concentration in cerebrospinal fluid and determine the correlation with treatment outcome of SAH patients. Connection between clinical status, inflammatory markers, and imaging studies were also investigated.

Methods
Thirteen patients (8 females, 5 males), mean age of 57 years (range from 41 to 79 years) with subarachnoid hemorrhage underwent external ventricular drain placement in order to treat acute hydrocephalus. The CSF samples were taken randomly within 3 weeks of their intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Total number of 32 samples was collected. Control group of eight patients (5 females, 3 males), mean age of 53 (range from 31 to 77 years) with minor, non-inflammatory neurological disorders, underwent lumbar puncture procedure. CSF samples from both groups were blindly examined for HMGB1 concentration twice. ELISA kit with detection range from 0.2 to 10 ng/mL was used. Correlation between HMGB1 and other patients parameters i.e. CRP, fibrinogen, WBC, body temperature, Fisher CT an modified Fisher CT scale score were examined in study group then with GOS at 3 month. Statistical analysis was performed with Statistica 10 by StatSoft Inc.

Results
CSF level of HMGB1 concentration significantly differs between control (mean 0,1 ng/mL) and study group (mean 5,9 ng/mL). HMGB1 level statistical analysis has a Speraman's correlation of -0,88 with treatment outcome. No significant correlation between other examined patient parameters and clinical status was found. In our study HMGB1 have a strongest correlation with treatment outcome of all examined parameters. Single patients present decreasing trend in HMGB1 concentration during they ICU stay.

Conclusion
Predicting factors of late neurological deterioration in subarachnoid hemorrhage on admission can be used to evaluate patient progress. From our investigation, HMGB1 concentration in CSF was found to be most helpful in predicting treatment outcome early in SAH patients.
revealed that the cell line was positive for CD105, Ki67, and Vimentin. The optimal mitochondrial and glycolytic flux parameters were reported at 20.000 cells/well, resulting that this seeding density will be used in our further experiments.
Spatially resolved measurement of hydroxyl
(OH) radical concentration in a microwave
plasma jet by planar laser-induced fluorescence
Authors: Voráč Jan , Hnilica Jaroslav , Kudrle Vít , Dvořák Pavel
Published: November 2014

The spatially resolved concentration of OH radicals in the effluent of a microwave (MW) surfatron plasma jet was measured by planar laser-induced fluorescence. Two cases were compared – constant MW power and MW power modulated by 80 Hz. In both cases the maximal concentration was at the tip of the visible discharge, but for constant MW power the OH was spread over a larger volume. The maximum concentration in both cases was on the order of 1022 m-3.
Emission characteristics of laser ablation-hollow cathode glow discharge spectral source
Authors: Karatodorov Stefan , Mihailov Valentin , Grozeva Margarita
Published: November 2014

The emission characteristics of a scheme combining laser ablation as sample introduction source and hollow cathode discharge as excitation source are presented. The spatial separation of the sample material introduction by laser ablation and hollow cathode excitation is achieved by optimizing the gas pressure and the sample-cathode gap length. At these conditions the discharge current is maximized to enhance the analytical lines intensity.
Influence of a plasma jet on the viability
of Candida albicans
Authors: Moravský Ladislav , Klas Matej , Machová Eva , Pisklová Katarina , Matejčík Štefan
Published: November 2014

A rapid growth of interest in low temperature plasma in medicine in recent years has given a rise to a number of different applications. We report a low cost kHz driven argon plasma jet with flow rate less than 0.15 L min-1 suitable for treatment of small areas infected with the wide-spread yeast pathogen Candida albicans. The plasma jet has been applied for inactivation of
C. albicans seeded on an agar surface as well as yeast suspensions. The effects of different treatment parameters (gas composition, distance and treatment time) have been studied on the efficiency of yeast inactivation. C. albicans viability was evaluated by XTT assay and by measuring diameters of circular transparent zones.
Atmospheric pressure glow discharge in air used for ethanol conversion: experiment and modelling
Authors: Arkhipenko Valery I. , Kirillov Andrey A. , Simonchik Leanid V. , Safronau Yauhen A. , Chernukho Andrey P. , Migoun Aleksey N.
Published: November 2014

Complex theoretical and experimental investigation of ethanol into syngas conversion assisted by DC atmospheric pressure discharge with plasma cathode is presented. Infrared absorption spectroscopy together with the equation for the conservation of the number of atoms at the inlet and outlet of the reactor are used to determine the composition of syngas, the main components of which are hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and acetylene. It is shown that the plasma-chemical reactor enables efficient (over 90%) ethanol into syngas conversion with an output of 2 L min-1 and at energy costs of about 3 electron-volts per one hydrogen molecule. Numerical modeling of conversion kinetics at discharge conditions was performed assuming thermal nature of the process. Experimental and calculated data are in good agreement.
Hydrogen production from ethanol in nitrogen microwave plasma at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Hrycak Bartosz , Czylkowski Dariusz , Miotk Robert , Dors Miroslaw , Jasinski Mariusz , Mizeraczyk Jerzy
Published: November 2014

Hydrogen seems to be one of the most promising alternative energy sources. It is a renewable fuel as it could be produced from e.g. waste or bio-ethanol. Furthermore hydrogen is compatible with fuel cells and is environmentally clean. In contrast to conventional methods of hydrogen production such as water electrolysis or coal gasification we propose a method based on atmospheric pressure microwave plasma. In this paper we present results of the experimental investigations of hydrogen production from ethanol in the atmospheric pressure plasma generated in
waveguide-supplied cylindrical type nozzleless
microwave (2.45 GHz) plasma source (MPS). Nitrogen was used as a working gas. All experimental tests were performed with the nitrogen flow rate Q ranged from 1500 to
3900 NL h-1 and absorbed microwave power PA up to
5 kW. Ethanol was introduced into the plasma using the induction heating vaporizer. The process resulted in an ethanol conversion rate greater than 99%. The hydrogen production rate was up to 728 NL[H2] h-1 and the energy efficiency was 178 NL[H2] per kWh of absorbed microwave energy.
A pécsi egészségtudományi képzések megjelenése és előzményei
Authors: Betlehem József
Published: November 2014

Die Erscheinung und die Voraussetzungen der gesundheitwissenschaftlichen Bildungen in Pécs 
 
Bei der Untersuchung der neuesten Geschichte der Universität Pécs ist die Entwicklung der medizinischen Ausbildung dokumentarisch gut zu ertappen. Während der präventiven und heilenden Tätigkeit im Allgemeinen bzw. neben der Medizin wurde für die Entwicklung und Ausbildung von zahlreichen anderen Gesundheitsberufen in unserem Land lediglich wenig Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt. 
Die Studie zielt darauf ab, über die Entwicklung der nicht-medizinisch gesundheitlichen (in heutiger Form gesundheitwissenschaftlichen) Bereiche und über deren Gesichte bezüglich der Ausbildung in Pécs ein klares Bild zu geben. 
Ein weiteres Ziel war, die Vorgeschichte der Ausbildung der Gesundheitsberufe in Pécs und Bratislava bzw. deren elementaren Ausbildungsformen mit der Universität verbunden und der heutigen Struktur der Universität Pécs zu präsentieren. Während der Überblickstudie führte der Autor die Analyse von Primär- und Sekundärquellen durch. 
Die Ausbildung der Gesundheitsberufe in Pécs bezüglich der Pflegekräfte und Geburtshelfer schloss bis zum 20-sten Jahrhundert der Ausbildungsstruktur der Gesundheitsversorgung der Großstädte außerhalb der Hauptstadt in Ungarn an. Nach der Umsetzung der königlich-ungarischen Elisabeth-Universität in Bratislava nach Pécs ist die Arbeit von Heim Pál bemerkenswert, der nach der Organisation eines Netzwerkes für Säuglings- und Mutterfürsorge auch in Pécs strebte. 
Die landesweiten Bestrebungen in den 1920–30 Jahren für die Förderung der Pflegeausbildung, verbunden mit den Namen von Johan Béla sind aber leider nicht zu identifizieren. In den Städten, in denen zu dieser Zeit die Medizinausbildung stattgefunden war (Budapest, Debrecen, Kolozsvár–Szeged), wurde das Nationale Institut für Pflege- und Fürsorgeinausbildung lediglich in Pécs nicht ins Leben gerufen. 
Ab 1990 kann man in Pécs über gesundheitwissenschaftliche Ausbildungen in die Hochschulausbildung integriert (am Anfang auf Hochschul- später auf Universitätsniveau) sprechen. In dieser Entwicklung erwarb die Universität von Pécs jedoch in mehrerer Hinsicht eine führende Rolle, besonders mit dem Start von Ausbildungen für Pflegekräfte und sog. Fürsorgerin (Sozialarbeiter im Jugendamt) auf Masterniveau und mit der Verwirklichung von Promotionsprogram, und tat es deutlich vor der Hauptstadt. 
Bis zum Anfang der 21-sten Jahrhundert erreichte die Universität, dass es Ausbildungen gemäß der internationalen Systeme der Gesundheitsausbildungen, dem Bologna-Prozess angeschlossen, verwirklicht und passte sich an der Ausbildungspraxis der west-europäischen und transatlantischen Ländern. 
Fotó: Magyar Nemzeti Digitális Archívum / Csorba Győző Könyvtár Helyismereti Gyűjtemény
Az Erzsébet Tudományegyetem pozsonyi és pécsi időszakának relikviái a Pécsi Egyetemtörténeti Gyűjteményben
Authors: Dezső Krisztina
Published: November 2014

Fotó: Pécsi Egyetemtörténeti Gyűjtemény
Intellectual Contexts of “the Absolute” in French Musical Aesthetics, ca. 1830–1900
Authors: Verzosa Noel
Published: November 2014

In 1895 the critic Édouard Dujardin reviewed a production of an Offenbach opera in a brief article titled “De la Périchole et de l’Absolu dans la musique.” That Dujardin invoked the term “absolute” in a discussion of a stage work suggests that, for him, “the absolute in music” was defined by something other than the presence or absence of texts. Moreover, that Dujardin uses the phrase “absolute in music” rather than “absolute music” suggests the terrain of the absolute was not exclusively musical. This article reveals that the word “absolute” had a rich and varied history in French intellectual discourse of the nineteenth century. By placing the writings of music critics alongside those of philosophers such as Victor Cousin, Auguste Comte, Hippolyte Taine, and Étienne Vacherot, I show that the word “absolute” evoked decades of ideological tensions—between Catholicism and secularism, between faith and positivism, and between monarchy and constitution—stemming from the culture wars of post-revolutionary France. Dujardin and his colleagues effectively made music criticism another arena where these battles were fought.
Exome sequencing reveals mutant genes with low penetrance involved in MEN2A-associated tumorigenesis
Authors: Cai Jie , Li Lin , Ye Lei , Jiang Xiaohua , Shen Liyun , Gao Zhibo , Fang Weiyuan , Huang Fengjiao , Su Tingwei , Zhou Yulin , Wang Weiqing , Ning Guang
Published: November 2014

Activating rearranged during transfection (RET) mutations function as the initiating causative mutation for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A). However, no conclusive findings regarding the non-RETgenetic events have been reported. This is the first study, to our knowledge, examining genomic alterations in matched MEN2A-associated tumors. We performed exome sequencing and SNP array analysis of matched MEN2A tumors and germline DNA. Somatic alterations were validated in an independent set of patients using Sanger sequencing. Genes of functional interest were further evaluated. The germlineRETmutation was found in all MEN2A-component tumors. Thirty-two somatic mutations were identified in the nine MEN2A-associated tumors, of which 28 (87.5%) were point mutations and 4 (12.5%) were small insertions, duplications, or deletions. We sequenced all the mutations as well as coding sequence regions of the 12 genes in an independent sample set including 35 medullary thyroid cancers (20 MEN2A) and 34 PCCs (22 MEN2A), but found no recurrent mutations. Recurrent alterations were found in 13 genes with either mutations or alterations in copy number, including anEIF4G1mutation (p. E1147V). Mutation ofEIF4G1led to increased cell proliferation and RET/MAPK phosphorylation, while knockdown ofEIF4G1led to reduced cell proliferation and RET/MAPK phosphorylation in TT, MZ-CRC1, and PC-12 cells. We found fewer somatic mutations in endocrine tumors compared with non-endocrine tumors.RETwas the primary driver in MEN2A-associated tumors. However, low-frequency alterations such asEIF4G1might participate in MEN2A-associated tumorigenesis, possibly by regulating the activity of the RET pathway.
microRNA-339-5p modulates Na+/I− symporter-mediated radioiodide uptake
Authors: Lakshmanan Aparna , Wojcicka Anna , Kotlarek Marta , Zhang Xiaoli , Jazdzewski Krystian , Jhiang Sissy M
Published: November 2014

Na+/I−symporter (NIS)-mediated radioiodide uptake (RAIU) serves as the basis for targeted ablation of thyroid cancer remnants. However, many patients with thyroid cancer have reduced NIS expression/function and hence do not benefit from radioiodine therapy. microRNA (miR) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in many diseases; yet, the role of miRs in NIS-mediated RAIU has not been investigated.In silicoanalysis was used to identify miRs that may bind to the 3′UTR of humanNIS(hNIS). The top candidate miR-339-5p directly bound to the 3′UTR of hNIS. miR-339-5p overexpression decreased NIS-mediated RAIU in HEK293 cells expressing exogenous hNIS, decreased the levels ofNISmRNA, and RAIU in transretinoic acid/hydrocortisone (tRA/H)-treated MCF-7 human breast cancer cells as well as thyrotropin-stimulated PCCl3 rat thyroid cells. Nanostring nCounter rat miR expression assay was conducted to identify miRs deregulated by TGFβ, Akti-1/2, or 17-AAG known to modulate RAIU in PCCl3 cells. Among 38 miRs identified, 18 were conserved in humans. One of the 18 miRs, miR-195, was predicted to bind to the 3′UTR of hNISand its overexpression decreased RAIU in tRA/H-treated MCF-7 cells. miR-339-5p was modestly increased in most papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs), yet miR-195 was significantly decreased in PTCs. Interestingly, the expression profiles of 18 miRs could be used to distinguish most PTCs from nonmalignant thyroid tissues. This is the first report, to our knowledge, demonstrating that hNIS-mediated RAIU can be modulated by miRs, and that the same miRs may also play roles in the development or maintenance of thyroid malignancy. Accordingly, miRs may serve as emerging targets to halt the progression of thyroid cancer and to enhance the efficacy of radioiodine therapy.
Recalcitrant Hypocalcaemia in Autoimmune Enteropathy
Authors: Geyer Myfanwy , Fairchild Jan , Moore David , Moore Lynette , Henning Paul , Tham Elaine
Published: November 2014

Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy syndrome is a monogenic disorder associated with autoimmune destruction of both endocrine and nonendocrine tissues. The classic triad includes candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism, and Addison disease. Up to 25% of patients with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy syndrome also have gastrointestinal manifestations, which can have an impact on the management of other aspects of the disease. The management of the case discussed was challenging because of the complex interplay between the manifestations and treatment of his hypoparathyroidism, Addison disease, and autoimmune enteropathy. Attempts at management of hypocalcemia were largely unsuccessful until the introduction of immunosuppressive therapy for autoimmune enteropathy. This case supports early consideration of immunosuppression in this condition.
Headaches as a Presenting Symptom of Linear Morphea en Coup de Sabre
Authors: Polcari Ingrid , Moon Amanda , Mathes Erin F. , Gilmore Elaine S. , Paller Amy S.
Published: November 2014

Linear morphea en coup de sabre (ECDS) is a form of localized scleroderma that predominantly affects the pediatric population, with a median age of 10 years at presentation. The existence of neurologic findings in association with ECDS has been well described in the literature. Here we describe 4 patients with ECDS who presented with headaches, which were typical migraines in 3 of the patients. The headaches preceded the onset of cutaneous findings by at least 6 months. Our patients’ cases emphasize both the importance of recognizing headaches as a harbinger of ECDS and the necessity of performing thorough cutaneous examination in patients with unexplained headaches or other neurologic disease.
Validation of a Clinical Prediction Rule for Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma
Authors: Hymel Kent P. , Armijo-Garcia Veronica , Foster Robin , Frazier Terra N. , Stoiko Michael , Christie LeeAnn M. , Harper Nancy S. , Weeks Kerri , Carroll Christopher L. , Hyden Phil , Sirotnak Andrew , Truemper Edward , Ornstein Amy E. , Wang Ming
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To reduce missed cases of pediatric abusive head trauma (AHT), Pediatric Brain Injury Research Network investigators derived a 4-variable AHT clinical prediction rule (CPR) with sensitivity of .96. Our objective was to validate the screening performance of this AHT CPR in a new, equivalent patient population.

METHODS:

We conducted a prospective, multicenter, observational, cross-sectional study. Applying the same inclusion criteria, definitional criteria for AHT, and methods used in the completed derivation study, Pediatric Brain Injury Research Network investigators captured complete clinical, historical, and radiologic data on 291 acutely head-injured children <3 years of age admitted to PICUs at 14 participating sites, sorted them into comparison groups of abusive and nonabusive head trauma, and measured the screening performance of the AHT CPR.

RESULTS:

In this new patient population, the 4-variable AHT CPR demonstrated sensitivity of .96, specificity of .46, positive predictive value of .55, negative predictive value of .93, positive likelihood ratio of 1.67, and negative likelihood ratio of 0.09. Secondary analysis revealed that the AHT CPR identified 98% of study patients who were ultimately diagnosed with AHT.

CONCLUSIONS:

Four readily available variables (acute respiratory compromise before admission; bruising of the torso, ears, or neck; bilateral or interhemispheric subdural hemorrhages or collections; and any skull fractures other than an isolated, unilateral, nondiastatic, linear, parietal fracture) identify AHT with high sensitivity in young, acutely head-injured children admitted to the PICU.
The role of angiogenic factors in preeclampsia
Authors: Alasztics Bálint , Gullai Nóra , Molvarec Attila , Rigó Jr. János
Published: November 2014

Preeclampsia is one of the most common and most serious complications of pregnancy and the management of this condition still challenges obstetricians. Despite intensive research the etiology of preeclampsia still remains unclear. At the beginning of the 2000s preeclampsia-related research was directed towards factors that influence angiogenesis. Most studies have been carried out on the placental growth factor and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1. Most publications confirm the increased concentrations of antiangiogenic factors and decreased concentrations of proangiogenic factors in maternal blood samples in preeclampsia even before the onset of clinical symptoms. According to our current knowledge antiangiogenic proteins are responsible for the endothelial dysfunction in the symptomatic stage of the disease. Placental growth factor and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 may have important roles in the prediction and treatment of the disease. The point of care detection of placental growth factor and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 may be used to predict preeclampsia. Rapid tests are available to determine the serum levels of the two proteins. Removal of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 from maternal circulation is a potential treatment option for early onset preeclampsia. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(47), 1860–1866.