bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
QUA-RC: the semi-synthetic dataset of multiple choice questions for assessing reading comprehension in Ukrainian
Authors: Zyrianova Mariia , Kalpakchi Dmytro
Published: November 2023

In this article we present the first dataset of multiple choice questions for assessing reading comprehension in Ukrainian. The dataset is based on the texts from the Ukrainian national tests for reading comprehension, and the MCQs themselves are created semi-automatically in three stages. The first stage was to use GPT-3 to generate the MCQs zero-shot, the second stage was to select MCQs of sufficient quality and revise the ones with minor errors, whereas the final stage was to expand the dataset with the MCQs written manually. The dataset is created by the Ukrainian language native speakers, one of whom is also a language teacher. The resulting corpus has slightly more than 900 MCQs, of which only 43 MCQs could be kept as they were generated by GPT-3.
Recent advances of additively manufactured noninvasive kinematic biosensors
Authors: Lee Jeonghoon , Park Sangmin , Lee Jaehoon , Kim Namjung , Kim Min Ku
Published: November 2023

The necessity of reliable measurement data assessment in the realm of human life has experienced exponential growth due to its extensive utilization in health monitoring, rehabilitation, surgery, and long-term treatment. As a result, the significance of kinematic biosensors has substantially increased across various domains, including wearable devices, human-machine interaction, and bioengineering. Traditionally, the fabrication of skin-mounted biosensors involved complex and costly processes such as lithography and deposition, which required extensive preparation. However, the advent of additive manufacturing has revolutionized biosensor production by facilitating customized manufacturing, expedited processes, and streamlined fabrication. AM technology enables the development of highly sensitive biosensors capable of measuring a wide range of kinematic signals while maintaining a low-cost aspect. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art noninvasive kinematic biosensors created using diverse AM technologies. The detailed development process and the specifics of different types of kinematic biosensors are also discussed. Unlike previous review articles that primarily focused on the applications of additively manufactured sensors based on their sensing data, this article adopts a unique approach by categorizing and describing their applications according to their sensing frequencies. Although AM technology has opened new possibilities for biosensor fabrication, the field still faces several challenges that need to be addressed. Consequently, this paper also outlines these challenges and provides an overview of future applications in the field. This review article offers researchers in academia and industry a comprehensive overview of the innovative opportunities presented by kinematic biosensors fabricated through additive manufacturing technologies.
Exploring global research status and trends in anti-obesity effects of traditional Chinese medicine through intestinal microbiota: a bibliometric study
Authors: Huang Wenjing , Wang Jiuyuan , Kuang Min , Xiao Zixuan , Fan Boyan , Sun Guixiang , Tan Zhoujin
Published: November 2023

Background

The intestinal microbiota (IM) has been found to contribute to metabolic disorders that lead to excessive fat accumulation, systemic and chronic low-grade inflammation, and insulin resistance in the host. Current research highlights a pivotal interaction between IM and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in mitigating obesity-related diseases. Undeniably, IM stands as a central focus in TCM research aimed at preventing and treating obesity. Therefore, tracing the progress and trends in this field can offer valuable references and insights for future studies.

Methods

On June 17, 2023, we conducted a literature search on the topic of “IM and obesity in TCM” spanning the period from 2009 to 2023. We extracted the primary information of the publications, which includes complete records and reference citations, from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E) within the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). To visualize and analyze the literature, we utilized CiteSpace and VOSviewer for bibliometric analysis.

Results

During the past fifteen years, a rapid increase in the number of publications has been observed. The cooperative networks demonstrate China, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and Food & Function as the most active countries, organizations, and journals in this field, respectively. Liu Bin has contributed the most publications. A paper by Xu Jia, published in 2014, holds the highest Local Citation Score (LCS). Analyses of keyword co-occurrence and reference co-citation indicate that the research hotspots of IM and obesity in TCM are primarily focused on the metabolic benefits driven by endogenous functional metabolic molecules generated by TCM regulation of IM. Other focal points include the mechanism by which TCM regulates IM to restore the intestinal mucosal barrier This is a provisional file, not the final typeset article, and manages the gut-organ axis, the metabolic advantages of acupuncture’s regulation of IM, and the process by which Chinese medicine small molecules transform IM.

Conclusion

This research offers a comprehensive understanding of the current status, hotspots, and trends in global TCM research. Additionally, it provides a comprehensive summary and exploration of the latest advancements in this field, thereby emphasizing the essence of TCM more effectively.
Understanding the experience of users of communication aids and applications through focus group discussions with people with aphasia and family members
Authors: Azevedo Nancy , Le Dorze Guylaine , Jarema Gonia , Alary Gauvreau Christine , Ogourtsova Tatiana , Beaulieu Stéfanie , Beaujard Christel , Yvon Marc , Kehayia Eva
Published: November 2023

The present study sought to identify the communication needs of persons with aphasia (PWA) and of their spouses, that could ultimately be addressed with current communication aids or applications (CA/A). Among users of CA/A we solicited their opinions and experiences with current CA/A. In contrast, among those not using CA/A, we explored why they did not use CA/A. A qualitative experiential research design was used through two in-person focus groups, one in English and one in French, at a large rehabilitation hospital in the Greater Montréal region (Canada). Participants' responses were recorded, transcribed and analyzed. The thematic analysis that ensued allowed the identification of four main themes. The first theme reflects participants' observations and experiences when communicating with aphasia. The second theme regrouped responses related to successful communication with the help of CA/A. The participants' challenges and dissatisfaction with CA/A were grouped into the third theme. Lastly, a fourth theme included participants' general views about CA/A and their wishes for further development. Participants' experience with communication difficulties following aphasia and the barriers and potential facilitators to adoption of CA/A were brought to the forefront. They also highlighted those features necessary to ensuring functional uptake of CA/A by those who would benefit from it. Finally, the importance of providing training to the communication partner and sensitizing the public to the impact of aphasia on people's daily lives and on the potential benefits of using CA/A were raised as necessary future actions.
Association between serum polyunsaturated fatty acids and bone mineral density in US adults: NHANES 2011-2014
Authors: Liang Hao , Xiong Chuang , Luo Yuangang , Zhang Jun , Huang Yanran , Zhao Runhan , Zhou Nian , Zhao Zenghui , Luo Xiaoji
Published: November 2023

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between serum polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and bone mineral density (BMD).

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional study based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014. The weighted multiple linear regression model was utilized to determine the association between serum PUFAs and BMD. Further smoothed curve fitting and threshold effect analysis were conducted. Finally, we performed a subgroup analysis.

Results

In total, 1979 participants aged 20-59 years were enrolled. After adjusting for all covariates, we found that serum docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) was positively associated with head BMD (β = 0.0015, 95% Cl: 0.0004, 0.0026, P = 0.008296) and lumbar spine BMD (β = 0.0005, 95% Cl: 0.0000, 0.0010, P = 0.036093), and serum eicosadienoic acid (EDA) was negatively associated with thoracic spine BMD (β = -0.0008, 95% Cl: -0.0016, -0.0000, P = 0.045355). Smoothed curve fitting revealed a nonlinear positive association between serum DPA and lumbar spine BMD. Threshold effect analysis indicated that the threshold of serum DPA was 81.4 µmol/L. Subgroup analysis revealed a positive correlation between serum DPA and head BMD in the subgroup aged 50-59 years (β = 0.0025, 95% Cl: 0.0002, 0.0049, P = 0.035249) and females (β = 0.0026, 95% Cl: 0.0008, 0.0044, P = 0.005005). There was a positive relationship between serum DPA and lumbar spine BMD in females (β = 0.0008, 95% Cl: 0.0001, 0.0015, P = 0.017900) and a negative association between serum EDA and thoracic spine BMD in the subgroup aged 30-39 years (β = -0.0016, 95% Cl: -0.0031, -0.0001, P = 0.041331), males (β = -0.0012, 95% Cl: -0.0023, -0.0001, P = 0.039364) and other races (β = -0.0021, 95% Cl: -0.0037, -0.0006, P = 0.008059).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated a linear positive relationship between serum DPA and head BMD, a nonlinear positive association between serum DPA and lumbar spine BMD, and a linear negative correlation between serum EDA and thoracic spine BMD in US adults.
Common gastrointestinal diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Shen Zixiong , Qiu Binxu , Chen Lanlan , Zhang Yiyuan
Published: November 2023

Background: Observational studies suggest an association between gastrointestinal diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the causal relationship remains unclear.

Methods: We conducted bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using summary data from genome-wide association study (GWAS) to explore the causal relationship between common gastrointestinal diseases and COPD. Gastrointestinal diseases included gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), functional dyspepsia (FD), non-infectious gastroenteritis (NGE), and constipation (CP). Significant MR analysis results were replicated in the COPD validation cohort.

Results: Bidirectional MR analysis supported a bidirectional causal relationship between GERD and COPD, and COPD was also found to increase the risk of IBS and CP. Our study also provided evidence for a bidirectional causal relationship between PUD and COPD, although the strength of evidence may be insufficient. Furthermore, we provided evidence that there is no causal association between CD, UC, FD, NGE, and COPD.

Conclusion: This study offers some evidence to clarify the causal relationship between common gastrointestinal diseases and COPD. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms of these associations.
Hormonal contraception and risk for cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in young women: a scoping review of the evidence
Authors: Gregory Sarah , Booi Laura , Jenkins Natalie , Bridgeman Katie , Muniz-Terrera Graciela , Farina Francesca R.
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Women are significantly more likely to develop Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) than men. Suggestions to explain the sex differences in dementia incidence have included the influence of sex hormones with little attention paid to date as to the effect of hormonal contraception on brain health. The aim of this scoping review is to evaluate the current evidence base for associations between hormonal contraceptive use by women and non-binary people in early adulthood and brain health outcomes.

Methods

A literature search was conducted using EMBASE, Medline and Google Scholar, using the keywords “hormonal contraception” OR “contraception” OR “contraceptive” AND “Alzheimer*” OR “Brain Health” OR “Dementia”.

Results

Eleven papers were identified for inclusion in the narrative synthesis. Studies recruited participants from the UK, USA, China, South Korea and Indonesia. Studies included data from women who were post-menopausal with retrospective data collection, with only one study contemporaneously collecting data from participants during the period of hormonal contraceptive use. Studies reported associations between hormonal contraceptive use and a lower risk of ADRD, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD), better cognition and larger grey matter volume. Some studies reported stronger associations with longer duration of hormonal contraceptive use, however, results were inconsistent. Four studies reported no significant associations between hormonal contraceptive use and measures of brain health, including brain age on MRI scans and risk of AD diagnosis.

Discussion

Further research is needed on young adults taking hormonal contraceptives, on different types of hormonal contraceptives (other than oral) and to explore intersections between sex, gender, race and ethnicity.

Systematic Review Registration

https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/MVX63, identifier: OSF.io: 10.17605/OSF.IO/MVX63
Basin-scale tracer replacement timescales in a one-degree global OGCM
Authors: Kusahara Kazuya , Tatebe Hiroaki
Published: November 2023

This study investigates basin-scale tracer replacement timescales of the two polar oceans and the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans using a one-degree global ocean-sea ice model that represents oceans under the largest Antarctic ice shelves, the Filchner-Ronne and Ross Ice Shelf (FRIS and RIS). After a long spin-up with present-day surface boundary conditions, we confirm that the model has a typical representation of wind-driven and thermohaline circulations in one-degree ocean models. We use virtual passive tracers placed in the five oceans and examine the behavior of the passive tracers to estimate the tracer replacement timescales and pathways of the basin-scale ocean waters. Replacement timescales in the polar oceans (114 years for the Southern Ocean and 109 years for the Arctic Ocean) are found to be shorter than those in the three oceans (217 years for the Atlantic Ocean, 163 years for the Indian Ocean, and 338 years for the Pacific Ocean). The Southern Ocean tracer has two clear pathways to the Northern Hemisphere: the surface route in the Atlantic Ocean and the bottom route in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. This surface route is a rapid conduit to transport the Southern Ocean signal to the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans. The Atlantic Ocean tracer is transported to both polar regions along the North Atlantic Current and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). The tracer experiments clearly demonstrate that Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) plays a vital role in transporting the water masses in the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans to the Southern Ocean. The southward flow of the AMOC at the intermediate depths carries the northern waters to the ACC region, and then the water spreads over the Southern Ocean along the eastward-flowing ACC. The decay timescales of water in the ice-shelf cavities exposed to the water outside the Southern Ocean are estimated to be approximately 150 years for both the FIRS and RIS. The decay timescales in the Antarctic coastal region are short at the surface and long in the deep layers, with a noticeable reduction in the areas where ACC flows southward toward the Antarctic continent.
Ceragenins exhibit bactericidal properties that are independent of the ionic strength in the environment mimicking cystic fibrosis sputum
Authors: Skłodowski Karol , Suprewicz Łukasz , Chmielewska-Deptuła Sylwia Joanna , Kaliniak Szczepan , Okła Sławomir , Zakrzewska Magdalena , Minarowski Łukasz , Mróz Robert , Daniluk Tamara , Savage Paul B. , Fiedoruk Krzysztof , Bucki Robert
Published: November 2023

The purpose of the work was to investigate the impact of sodium chloride (NaCl) on the antimicrobial efficacy of ceragenins (CSAs) and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) against bacterial and fungal pathogens associated with cystic fibrosis (CF) lung infections. CF-associated bacterial (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Ochrobactrum spp., and Staphylococcus aureus), and fungal pathogens (Candida albicans, and Candida tropicalis) were used as target organisms for ceragenins (CSA-13 and CSA-131) and AMPs (LL-37 and omiganan). Susceptibility to the tested compounds was assessed using minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and bactericidal concentrations (MBCs), as well as by colony counting assays in CF sputum samples supplemented with various concentrations of NaCl. Our results demonstrated that ceragenins exhibit potent antimicrobial activity in CF sputum regardless of the NaCl concentration when compared to LL-37 and omiganan. Given the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of ceragenins in the microenvironments mimicking the airways of CF patients, ceragenins might be promising agents in managing CF disease.
Shift in dominant genotypes of Japanese encephalitis virus and its impact on current vaccination strategies
Authors: Xia Qiqi , Yang Yang , Zhang Yan , Zhou Lujia , Ma Xiaochun , Xiao Changguang , Zhang Junjie , Li Zongjie , Liu Ke , Li Beibei , Shao Donghua , Qiu Yafeng , Wei Jianchao , Ma Zhiyong
Published: November 2023

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a zoonotic ailment from the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). JEV belongs to the flavivirus genus and is categorized into a solitary serotype consisting of five genetically diverse genotypes (I, II, III, IV, and V). The JEV genotype III (GIII) was the prevailing strain responsible for multiple outbreaks in countries endemic to JEV until 1990. In recent years, significant improvements have occurred in the epidemiology of JE, encompassing the geographical expansion of the epidemic zone and the displacement of prevailing genotypes. The dominant genotype of the JEV has undergone a progressive shift from GIII to GI due to variations in its adaptability within avian populations. From 2021 to 2022, Australia encountered an epidemic of viral encephalitis resulting from infection with the GIV JEV pathogen. The current human viral encephalitis caused by GIV JEV is the initial outbreak since its initial discovery in Indonesia during the late 1970s. Furthermore, following a time frame of 50 years, the detection and isolation of GV JEV have been reported inCulexmosquitoes across China and South Korea. Evidence suggests that the prevalence of GIV and GV JEV epidemic regions may be on the rise, posing a significant threat to public safety and the sustainable growth of animal husbandry. The global approach to preventing and managing JE predominantly revolves around utilizing the GIII strain vaccine for vaccination purposes. Nevertheless, research has demonstrated that the antibodies generated by the GIII strain vaccine exhibit limited capacity to neutralize the GI and GV strains. Consequently, these antibodies cannot protect against JEV challenge caused by animal GI and GV strains. The limited cross-protective and neutralizing effects observed between various genotypes may be attributed to the low homology of the E protein with other genotypes. In addition, due to the GIV JEV outbreak in Australia, further experiments are needed to evaluate the protective efficiency of the current GIII based JE vaccine against GIV JEV. The alteration of the prevailing genotype of JEV and the subsequent enlargement of the geographical extent of the epidemic have presented novel obstacles in JE prevention and control. This paper examines the emerging features of the JE epidemic in recent years and the associated problems concerning prevention and control.
The interaction between ginseng and gut microbiota
Authors: Zhao Linxian , Sui Mingxiu , Zhang Tongbo , Zhang Kai
Published: November 2023

The importance of the gut microbiota to human health is attracting increasing attention. It is also involved in ginseng metabolism, mediating the bioactive metabolites of ginsenosides. In response, ginseng, known as the king of herbs, can regulate intestinal flora, including promoting probiotics and restricting the growth of harmful bacteria. Specifically, the interactions between ginseng or ginsenosides and gastrointestinal microbiota are complex. In this review, we summarized the effects of ginseng and ginsenosides on the composition of gut microbiota and discussed the gut microbiota-mediated biotransformation of ginsenosides. In particular, their therapeutic potential and clinical application in related diseases were also summarized.
Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in skeletal muscle atrophy
Authors: Pang XiangSheng , Zhang Peng , Chen XiaoPing , Liu WenMing
Published: November 2023

Skeletal muscles underpin myriad human activities, maintaining an intricate balance between protein synthesis and degradation crucial to muscle mass preservation. Historically, disruptions in this balance—where degradation overshadows synthesis—have marked the onset of muscle atrophy, a condition diminishing life quality and, in grave instances, imperiling life itself. While multiple protein degradation pathways exist—including the autophagy-lysosome, calcium-dependent calpain, and cysteine aspartate protease systems—the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway emerges as an especially cardinal avenue for intracellular protein degradation, wielding pronounced influence over the muscle atrophy trajectory. This paper ventures a panoramic view of predominant muscle atrophy types, accentuating the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway’s role therein. Furthermore, by drawing from recent scholarly advancements, we draw associations between the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and specific pathological conditions linked to muscle atrophy. Our exploration seeks to shed light on the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway’s significance in skeletal muscle dynamics, aiming to pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies against muscle atrophy and affiliated muscle disorders.
Mainstreaming production and nutrient resilience of vegetable crops in megacities: pre-breeding for terrace cultivation
Authors: Ma Kun , Yuan Yuan , Fang Caochuang
Published: November 2023

Modern megacities offer convenient lifestyles to their citizens. However, agriculture is becoming increasingly vulnerable, especially during unexpected public health emergencies such as pandemics. Fortunately, the adaptability of terrace vegetables cultivation presents an opportunity to grow horticultural crops in residential spaces, bringing numerous benefits to citizens, including enhanced nutrition and recreational engagement in the cultivation process. Although certain planting skills and equipment have been developed, the citizens tend to sow some seeds with unknown pedigree, it is rare to find new plant varieties specifically bred for cultivation as terrace vegetables. To expand the genetic basis of new breeding materials, elite parents, and varieties (pre-breeding) for terrace cultivation, this review not only discusses the molecular breeding strategy for the identification, creation, and application of rational alleles for improving horticultural characteristics including plant architecture, flavor quality, and ornamental character, but also assesses the potential for terrace cultivation of some representative vegetable crops. We conclude that the process of pre-breeding specifically for terrace cultivation environments is vital for generating a genetic basis for urban terrace vegetable crops.
Genome-wide association study and RNA-seq identifies GmWRI1-like transcription factor related to the seed weight in soybean
Authors: Di Qin , Dong Lidong , Jiang Li , Liu Xiaoyi , Cheng Ping , Liu Baohui , Yu Guohui
Published: November 2023

The cultivated soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is domesticated from wild soybean (Glycine soja) and has heavier seeds with a higher oil content than the wild soybean. In this study, we identified a novel candidate gene associated with SW using a genome-wide association study (GWAS). The candidate gene GmWRI14-like was detected by GWAS analysis in three consecutive years. By constructing transgenic soybeans overexpressing the GmWRI14-like gene and gmwri14-like soybean mutants, we found that overexpression of GmWRI14-like increased the SW and increased total fatty acid content. We then used RNA-seq and qRT-PCR to identify the target genes directly or indirectly regulated by GmWRI14-like. Transgenic soyabeans overexpressing GmWRI14-like showed increased accumulation of GmCYP78A50 and GmCYP78A69 than non-transgenic soybean lines. Interestingly, we also found that GmWRI14-like proteins could interact with GmCYP78A69/GmCYP78A50 using yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Our results not only shed light on the genetic architecture of cultivated soybean SW, but also lays a theoretical foundation for improving the SW and oil content of soybeans.
Improvement of anxiety in ADHD following goal-focused cognitive remediation: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hanssen Kjersti T. , Brevik Erlend J. , Småstuen Milada C. , Stubberud Jan
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Despite the high prevalence and detrimental consequences of cognitive and executive dysfunction in ADHD, the evidence base of cognitive remediation in the adult ADHD population is sparse. Executive problems can increase both anxiety and depression in ADHD. Thcus, it is important to develop treatment options for adults with ADHD, aiming to improve goal-directed behavior and mood. Goal Management Training (GMT) is an intervention that has received empirical support in improving executive functions and mood in normal aging and for various neurological and psychiatric conditions. The present randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of a goal-focused intervention combining 1) group-based GMT incorporating psychoeducation about ADHD and 2) guidance in implementing individual goals for coping with executive problems in everyday life, compared to treatment as usual (TAU). The primary outcome was perceived executive functioning in everyday life. Secondary outcomes included psychological well-being (anxiety, depression, and coping with ADHD symptoms).

Methods

We recruited 81 adult participants with a verified ADHD diagnosis (Mage   = 31 years). Inclusion was based upon the presence of executive functioning complaints. The participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention or TAU. The intervention group (n = 41) received 16 hours of GMT and psychoeducation, in addition to 4 individual sessions focusing on formulating goals. The goals were assessed in 6 bi-weekly phone calls in the first three months following the group sessions. Participants in the TAU group (n = 40) received standard, individually-adapted follow-up in an outpatient psychiatric health care setting. All participants were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and at 8-month follow-up (main measurement time point).

Results

Significant improvements in everyday executive functioning, psychological wellbeing, and symptoms of ADHD from baseline to 8-month follow-up were reported in both groups. The intervention group reported a significantly higher reduction in symptoms of anxiety compared to TAU. Conclusions. Our findings provide support for considering cognitive remediation as a treatment option for patients with ADHD.

Clinical Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04638283?term=NCT04638283&rank=1, identifier: NCT04638283.
Flipped classroom in EFL: a teaching experience with pre-service teachers
Authors: Birova Lenka , Ruiz-Cecilia Raúl , Guijarro-Ojeda Juan Ramón
Published: November 2023

This research aims to test a flipped classroom model to improve students’ English proficiency. To achieve this goal, two research questions were posed: RQ1 “Does the suggested model of flipped classroom teaching strategy increase the learners’ accuracy in the use of grammar in the target language more than the non-flipped active-learning strategy used?” and RQ2 “Does the suggested model of Flipped Classroom teaching strategy increase learners’ listening skills in the target language more than the non-flipped active-learning strategy used?” The participants involved in the study were 55 students from the Faculty of Education, University of Trnava (Slovakia), comprising 45 females and 10 males. All participants were pre-service teachers of English language and literature in their first year of undergraduate studies. The research had a semi-experimental pre-test/post-test design which was given to the control and the experimental group. The results show that students in the flipped classroom had a statistically significant positive effect on the participants’ listening skills. As for grammar, both the control and the research group improved, but the results were not statistically significant. These findings partially match former studies, where language accuracy was also an indicator of flipped classroom success. The implications of this research are high since listening, often referred to as the “Cinderella” of language skills, has frequently been overlooked in EFL classes, leading to students not reaching expected proficiency levels.
Inhalation of Origanum majorana L. essential oil while working reduces perceived stress and anxiety levels of nurses in a COVID-19 intensive care unit: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lee Sang Wook , Shin You Kyoung , Lee Jeong-Min , Seol Geun Hee
Published: November 2023

Background

Nurses caring for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experience higher psychosocial distress than other healthcare workers, and this can adversely affect the quality of patient care. There is evidence that inhalation of essential oil from marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) has calming effects, suggesting this intervention may help to reduce the stress and anxiety of nurses working in a COVID-19 intensive care unit (ICU). This study aimed to investigate the effect of inhalation of marjoram essential oil at work on the stress and anxiety levels of nurses in a COVID-19 ICU.

Methods

Nurses (n = 57) working in a single COVID-19 ICU were randomly assigned to inhale 3% marjoram essential oil (marjoram group, n = 29) or almond oil (control group, n = 28) for 2 h while at work. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, state anxiety score, and score on a visual analog scale for anxiety (VAS-anxiety) and stress (VAS-stress) were measured before and after the intervention.

Results

The two groups had similar baseline variables. MAP did not have within-group or between-group differences. Heart rate increased significantly in the marjoram group after the intervention (p = 0.031), but it remained within the normal range and the increase was not clinically meaningful. There was no significant between-group difference in the state-anxiety or VAS-anxiety score after the intervention, but the marjoram group had a significantly lower state-anxiety (p = 0.001) and VAS-anxiety (p = 0.037) score at posttest vs. pretest. The VAS-stress score was significantly lower in the marjoram group at the posttest vs. the pretest (p = 0.026).

Conclusion

Nurses caring for patients in a COVID-19 ICU experience significant stress, and strategies are needed to address this important issue. Inhalation of 3% marjoram essential oil while caring for patients in a COVID-19 ICU may be a simple and effective intervention that reduces perceived stress and anxiety in nurses.

Clinical Trial Registration: https://cris.nih.go.kr/, KCT0007543.
The unreasonable effectiveness of large language models in zero-shot semantic annotation of legal texts
Authors: Savelka Jaromir , Ashley Kevin D.
Published: November 2023

The emergence of ChatGPT has sensitized the general public, including the legal profession, to large language models' (LLMs) potential uses (e.g., document drafting, question answering, and summarization). Although recent studies have shown how well the technology performs in diverse semantic annotation tasks focused on legal texts, an influx of newer, more capable (GPT-4) or cost-effective (GPT-3.5-turbo) models requires another analysis. This paper addresses recent developments in the ability of LLMs to semantically annotate legal texts in zero-shot learning settings. Given the transition to mature generative AI systems, we examine the performance of GPT-4 and GPT-3.5-turbo(-16k), comparing it to the previous generation of GPT models, on three legal text annotation tasks involving diverse documents such as adjudicatory opinions, contractual clauses, or statutory provisions. We also compare the models' performance and cost to better understand the trade-offs. We found that the GPT-4 model clearly outperforms the GPT-3.5 models on two of the three tasks. The cost-effective GPT-3.5-turbo matches the performance of the 20× more expensive text-davinci-003 model. While one can annotate multiple data points within a single prompt, the performance degrades as the size of the batch increases. This work provides valuable information relevant for many practical applications (e.g., in contract review) and research projects (e.g., in empirical legal studies). Legal scholars and practicing lawyers alike can leverage these findings to guide their decisions in integrating LLMs in a wide range of workflows involving semantic annotation of legal texts.
A global bibliometric and visualized analysis of gait analysis and artificial intelligence research from 1992 to 2022
Authors: Bao Tong , Gao Jiasi , Wang Jinyi , Chen Yang , Xu Feng , Qiao Guanzhong , Li Fei
Published: November 2023

Gait is an important basic function of human beings and an integral part of life. Many mental and physical abnormalities can cause noticeable differences in a person’s gait. Abnormal gait can lead to serious consequences such as falls, limited mobility and reduced life satisfaction. Gait analysis, which includes joint kinematics, kinetics, and dynamic Electromyography (EMG) data, is now recognized as a clinically useful tool that can provide both quantifiable and qualitative information on performance to aid in treatment planning and evaluate its outcome. With the assistance of new artificial intelligence (AI) technology, the traditional medical environment has undergone great changes. AI has the potential to reshape medicine, making gait analysis more accurate, efficient and accessible. In this study, we analyzed basic information about gait analysis and AI articles that met inclusion criteria in the WoS Core Collection database from 1992–2022, and the VosViewer software was used for web visualization and keyword analysis. Through bibliometric and visual analysis, this article systematically introduces the research status of gait analysis and AI. We introduce the application of artificial intelligence in clinical gait analysis, which affects the identification and management of gait abnormalities found in various diseases. Machine learning (ML) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) are the most often utilized AI methods in gait analysis. By comparing the predictive capability of different AI algorithms in published studies, we evaluate their potential for gait analysis in different situations. Furthermore, the current challenges and future directions of gait analysis and AI research are discussed, which will also provide valuable reference information for investors in this field.
Extracting proficiency differences and individual characteristics in golfers' swing using single-video markerless motion analysis
Authors: Yamamoto Kota , Hasegawa Yumiko , Suzuki Tomohiro , Suzuki Hiroo , Tanabe Hiroko , Fujii Keisuke
Published: November 2023

In this study, we analyzed golfers' swing movement to extract differences in proficiency and individual characteristics using two-dimensional video data from a single camera. We conducted an experiment with 27 golfers who had a wide range of skill levels, using a 7-iron; we acquired video data with a camera on the sagittal plane. For data extraction, we used pose estimation (using HRNet) and object detection (using DeepLabCut) methods to extract human-joint and club-head data. We examined the relationship between proficiency and individual characteristics vis-à-vis forward tilt angle and club trajectory. The results showed that the stability and reproducibility of the forward tilt angle are characteristics of proficiency. Highly skilled golfers showed low variability and high reproducibility between trials in forward tilt angle. However, we found that club trajectory may not be a characteristic of proficiency but rather an individual characteristic. Club trajectory was divided roughly into clockwise rotation and counterclockwise rotation. Thus, the analysis based on video data from a single markerless camera enabled the extraction of the differences in proficiency and individual characteristics of golf swing. This suggests the usefulness of our system for simply evaluating golf swings and applying it to motor learning and coaching situations.
Free-living competitive racewalkers and runners with energy availability estimates of <35 kcal·kg fat-free mass−1·day−1 exhibit peak serum progesterone concentrations indicative of ovulatory disturbances: a pilot study
Authors: Castellanos-Mendoza M. Carolina , Galloway Stuart D. R. , Witard Oliver C.
Published: November 2023

Introduction

The release of luteinising hormone (LH) before ovulation is disrupted during a state of low energy availability (EA). However, it remains unknown whether a threshold EA exists in athletic populations to trigger ovulatory disturbances (anovulation and luteal phase deficiency) as indicated by peak/mid-luteal serum progesterone concentration (Pk-PRG) during the menstrual cycle.

Methods

We assessed EA and Pk-PRG in 15 menstrual cycles to investigate the relationship between EA and Pk-PRG in free-living, competitive (trained-elite) Guatemalan racewalkers (n = 8) and runners (n = 7) [aged: 20 (14–41) years; post-menarche: 5 (2–26) years; height: 1.53 ± 0.09 m; mass: 49 ± 6 kg (41 ± 5 kg fat-free mass “FFM”)]. EA was estimated over 7 consecutive days within the follicular phase using food, training, and physical activity diaries. A fasted blood sample was collected during the Pk-PRG period, 6–8 days after the LH peak, but before the final 2 days of each cycle. Serum progesterone concentration was quantified using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.

Results

Participants that reported an EA of <35 kcal·kg FFM−1·day−1 (n = 7) exhibited ovulatory disturbances (Pk-PRG ≤9.40 ng·mL−1). Athletes with EA ≥36 kcal·kg FFM−1·day−1 (n = 8) recorded “normal”/“potentially fertile” cycles (Pk-PRG >9.40 ng·mL−1), except for a single racewalker with the lowest reported protein intake (1.1 g·kg body mass−1·day−1). EA was positively associated with Pk-PRG [r(9) = 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37–0.94; p = 0.003; 1 − β = 0.99] after excluding participants (n = 4) that likely under-reported/reduced their dietary intake.

Conclusions

The result from the linear regression analysis suggests that an EA ≥ 36 kcal·kg FFM−1·day−1 is required to achieve “normal ovulation.” The threshold EA associated with ovulatory disturbances in athletes and non-invasive means of monitoring the ovulatory status warrant further research.
The Berlin-Brandenburg Air Study—A Methodological Study Paper of a Natural Experiment Investigating Health Effects Related to Changes in Airport-Related Exposures
Authors: Soppa Vanessa , Lucht Sarah , Ogurtsova Katherine , Buschka Anna , López-Vicente Mónica , Guxens Mònica , Weinhold Kay , Winkler Ulf , Wiedensohler Alfred , Held Andreas , Lüchtrath Sabine , Cyrys Josef , Kecorius Simonas , Gastmeier Petra , Wiese-Posselt Miriam , Hoffmann Barbara
Published: November 2023

Objectives: This paper presents the study design of the Berlin-Brandenburg Air study (BEAR-study). We measure air quality in Berlin and Brandenburg before and after the relocation of aircraft (AC) traffic from Tegel (TXL) airport to the new Berlin-Brandenburg airport (BER) and investigate the association of AC-related ultrafine particles (UFP) with health outcomes in schoolchildren.

Methods: The BEAR-study is a natural experiment examining schoolchildren attending schools near TXL and BER airports, and in control areas (CA) away from both airports and associated air corridors. Each child undergoes repeated school-based health-examinations. Total particle number concentration (PNC) and meteorological parameters are continuously monitored. Submicrometer particle number size distribution, equivalent black carbon, and gas-phase pollutants are collected from long-term air quality monitoring stations. Daily source-specific UFP concentrations are modeled. We will analyze short-term effects of UFP on respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurocognitive outcomes, as well as medium and long-term effects on lung growth and cognitive development.

Results: We examined 1,070 children (as of 30 November 2022) from 16 schools in Berlin and Brandenburg.

Conclusion: The BEAR study increases the understanding of how AC-related UFP affect children’s health.
Development Challenges of Fruit-Harvesting Robotic Arms: A Critical Review
Authors: Kaleem Abdul , Hussain Saddam , Aqib Muhammad , Cheema Muhammad Jehanzeb Masud , Saleem Shoaib Rashid , Farooq Umar
Published: November 2023

Promotion of research and development in advanced technology must be implemented in agriculture to increase production in the current challenging environment where the demand for manual farming is decreasing due to the unavailability of skilled labor, high cost, and shortage of labor. In the last two decades, the demand for fruit harvester technologies, i.e., mechanized harvesting, manned and unmanned aerial systems, and robotics, has increased. However, several industries are working on the development of industrial-scale production of advanced harvesting technologies at low cost, but to date, no commercial robotic arm has been developed for selective harvesting of valuable fruits and vegetables, especially within controlled strictures, i.e., greenhouse and hydroponic contexts. This research article focused on all the parameters that are responsible for the development of automated robotic arms. A broad review of the related research works from the past two decades (2000 to 2022) is discussed, including their limitations and performance. In this study, data are obtained from various sources depending on the topic and scope of the review. Some common sources of data for writing this review paper are peer-reviewed journals, book chapters, and conference proceedings from Google Scholar. The entire requirement for a fruit harvester contains a manipulator for mechanical movement, a vision system for localizing and recognizing fruit, and an end-effector for detachment purposes. Performance, in terms of harvesting time, harvesting accuracy, and detection efficiency of several developments, has been summarized in this work. It is observed that improvement in harvesting efficiency and custom design of end-effectors is the main area of interest for researchers. The harvesting efficiency of the system is increased by the implementation of optimal techniques in its vision system that can acquire low recognition error rates.
The Differentiations in the Soil Nematode Community in an Agricultural Field after Soil Amendment Using Composted Coffee Waste in Various Concentrations
Authors: Kekelis Panagiotis , Argyropoulou Maria D. , Theofilidou Aphrodite , Papatheodorou Effimia M. , Aschonitis Vassilis , Monokrousos Nikolaos
Published: November 2023

In a field experiment, composted coffee waste (CW) was used as soil amendment at three different rates (2%, 4%, and 8%) in plots cultivated with wheat; the effects on the soil nematode community and plant growth were studied. By sampling twice, i.e., three and six months after the application of treatments (3MAA and 6MAA), the duration of these effects was also evaluated. Treatment using composted coffee waste (CW) led to an increased abundance of all soil nematodes, especially of bacterivores and fungivores, probably via a bottom-up effect of CW on the soil community. The most-affected genera were the enrichment opportunists Panagrolaimus and Rhabditis, which increased after CW addition in a dosage-dependent way at 3MAA, while at 6MAA they were replaced by general opportunists, mainly bacterivorous and fungivorous genera; a nematotoxic effect of CW was also observed in the 6MAA condition. The nematode indices and the metabolic footprint indicated an enriched and vigorous soil three months after CW addition and a lower enrichment status of the soil together with a higher fungal participation in the decomposition pathway six months after treatments. However, in the 6 MAA condition, the soil nutrient values were higher in the CW-treated plots. None of our treatments inhibited or enhanced plant growth.
Biomass Waste Conversion Technologies and Its Application for Sustainable Environmental Development—A Review
Authors: Kataya Ghenwa , Cornu David , Bechelany Mikhael , Hijazi Akram , Issa May
Published: November 2023

With the global population continuing to increase, the demand for food and energy has escalated, resulting in severe environmental pressures. Traditional methods of food and energy production have left a significant footprint on the environment, primarily due to the emission of greenhouse gases and a notable surge in waste production. Nevertheless, scientists have recently focused on developing sustainable solutions by managing biomass waste and converting it into useful products. Various biomass conversion technologies, including pyrolysis, gasification, and fermentation, have emerged to transform waste materials into valuable commodities like biofuels, fertilizers, and chemicals. These technologies present an alternative to conventional energy production methods and decrease reliance on non-renewable resources. Furthermore, the by-products generated through biomass conversion, such as biochar, possess utility as valuable soil amendments. This review emphasizes the potential of biomass conversion technologies in providing sustainable solutions for waste management, food and energy production, and reducing negative environmental impacts while providing valuable by-products for agricultural use. The focus is on Lebanon, which is facing a waste and energy crisis, with an aim to encourage and promote sustainable practices by highlighting different green waste management technologies. Focusing on the application of biochar in soil, our goal is to provide cost-effective and eco-friendly solutions to various agricultural and environmental challenges in Lebanon. This includes using biochar from biomass waste as a soil amendment to boost crop yields, remediate soil pollution, reduce soil drought stress, and address other related issues.