bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Monetary Policy Instruments on Economic Growth in Jordan Using Vector Error Correction Model
Authors: Obeid Rami , Awad Bassam
Published: March 2021

The global financial crisis emphasized the important role of the prudent monetary policy in supporting economic growth through maintaining price stability. The monetary policy operational framework that was designed in 2008 was updated to include more instruments for managing monetary policy learning from the crisis lessons. Several studies analyzed various dimensions related to economic growth in Jordan such as Abdul-Khaliq, Soufan, and Abu Shihab (2013) and Assaf (2014), there were no studies that investigated the effect of monetary policy on economic growth in Jordan, at least recently, however. The study aims at measuring the effect of monetary policy instruments on the performance of Jordanian economy. Using quarterly data covering the period (2005-2015), an econometric model was examined using Vector Error Correction Model to assess the impact of monetary policy instruments on economic growth. The foremost advantage of VECM is that it has a nice interpretation of long-term and short-term equations. The results showed the existence of positive long-term and short-term effects of monetary policy instruments on the growth of real GDP. The model included three monetary policy instruments besides money supply. They are required reserve ratio, rediscount rate and overnight interbank loan rates as independent variables, and the real GDP growth as a dependent variable. The stationarity of the model time series was addressed. In addition, the stability of the model was tested using stability diagnostics tools. The results showed also an existence of inverse relationship between rediscount rate and economic growth in Jordan over both long and short terms.
Diagnosis as a specific competence and task of a family assistant
Authors: Wysocka Ewa
Published: March 2021

The article is a selective presentation of problems related to family diagnosis in the context of the role of a family assistant as a diagnostician. The main task of a family assistant is to support the family in the implementation of the care and educational function and to help improve the quality of family life. This is possible if the needs of the family in this area are recognized. The author selectively describes the professional role of a family assistant and shows its unique importance in the implementation of the diagnostic function. She indicates the most important factors which describe the functionality of the family, replacing the notion of health and pathology of the family with the criteria for its proper functioning. The author also attempts to catalogue the most important diagnostic criteria for the assessment of family functioning and also selectively indicates the basic principles of diagnostic procedure. She constructs a family diagnosis model, taking into account basic diagnostic competences and points out the need to include them in the process of professionalization of the family assistant’s profession.
The sense of occupational burnout and the styles of coping with stress among workers in the helping professions
Authors: Kanios Anna
Published: March 2021

Workers of the helping professions are particularly susceptible to the occupational burnout syndrome. This stems from the very nature of helping other people who experience several social problems in their everyday life. Working in the helping and caregiving professions relies on direct contact with another human being and involves intensive stress. The burnout syndrome is a consequence of functioning under long-term stress resulting, for example, from overwork. The study objective was to diagnose the occupational burnout among workers in the helping professions and to determine the correlation between burnout and stress-coping styles. In the study, we used Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) by C. Maslach (to assess an individual’s experience of burnout) and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) by S. Norman, S. Endler, J.D.A. Parker (adapted by P. Szczepaniak, J. Strelau, K. Wrześniewski) (to assess styles of coping with stress). The empirical analyses indicated the existence of a correlation between the sense of occupational burnout among the workers studied and their styles of coping with stress.
Coinfecção por Babesia spp. e Anaplasma platys em canino doméstico, relato de caso
Authors: Ferraz Alexsander , Barwaldt Eugênia Tavares , Lima Camila Moura de , Castro Tanize Angonesi de , Bierhals Eduarda Santos , Dallmann Paola Renata Joanol , Pires Bruna dos Santos , Nobre Márcia de Oliveira , Nizoli Leandro Quintana
Published: March 2021

As hemoparasitoses, são afecções frequentes na rotina da Clínica Veterinária. Dentre os principais agentes etiológicos, destacam-se os genêros Babesia e Anaplasma, que parasitam eritrócitos e plaquetas, respectivamente. A principal forma de transmissão de ambos os parasitos é através do carrapato Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Os sinais clínicos costumam ser inespecíficos, e incluem, febre, apatia, anorexia e alterações hematológicas, como anemia e trombocitopenia, o que pode dificultar ainda mais sua detecção. Desta forma, a realização de exames complementares, como o esfregaço sanguíneo corado, é de suma importância para o diagnóstico definitivo do agente. O objetivo deste trabalho, foi descrever o relato de um cão, coinfectado por Babesia spp. e Anaplasma platys, evidenciando o diagnóstico e tratamento destas enfermidades.
A assistência de enfermagem diante de pacientes com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA): uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Silva Samira Hellen Greco Mendes , Aziz Amaly Vidal , Viera Noely Machado , Aleixo Mariana Lenina Menezes , Alencar Bianca Teshima de
Published: March 2021

Compreender as complicações e alterações que envolvem principalmente os cuidados que se deve ter com a criança portadora de autismo, contribui de forma positiva no cuidado e atenua implicações e sofrimentos ao núcleo familiar em especifico o cuidar. Neste contexto o profissional enfermeiro tem papel importante frente a este cuidado, uma vez que este profissional avalia e traça estratégias que possibilitem minimizar impactos negativos do autismo a estas famílias. Frente ao exposto a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo geral identificar como é realizada a assistência de enfermagem aos pacientes portadores de TEA e seus familiares de acordo com a literatura científica já publicada. A presente pesquisa trata-se de um estudo descritivo do tipo revisão bibliográfica integrativa nas bases de dados eletrônicas referente a assistência de enfermagem frente ao portador de TEA e seus familiares, publicados nos últimos 20 anos.
Triagem Auditiva Neonatal em crianças portadoras de sífilis congênita em Hospital de Aracaju em 2019
Authors: Gonçalves Ana Maria dos Santos , Guimarães Jordan de Oliveira Sousa , Lopes Izailza Matos Dantas
Published: March 2021

A audição é o principal sentido responsável pela aquisição da fala e linguagem da criança. A infecção por sífilis é responsável por uma alta taxa de morbimortalidade no período pré-natal e neonatal, podendo levar à hipoacusia neurossensorial precoce ou tardia. Neste estudo, objetiva-se analisar o perfil epidemiológico e fatores de riscos associados aos pacientes portadores de sífilis congênita que realizaram a Triagem Auditiva Neonatal (TAN) em um hospital de ensino na cidade de Aracaju no ano de 2019. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, analitico  e retrospectivo com nascidos vivos portadores de sífilis congênita. O estudo avaliou 117 pacientes que foram acompanhados no ambulatório de sífilis congênita nesse hospital. Em 31 prontuários não havia informação sobre a realização da TAN e 26 recém-nascidos (RN) não realizaram a triagem. Dos que fizeram o teste 69,8% (n=60) cerca de 63,3% tiveram o resultado normal e 36,7% tiveram alterações auditivas. Entre os que apresentaram alteração auditiva, 54,5% aguardavam a realização do reteste, 36,4% tinham reteste alterado e aguardavam uma nova avaliação e apenas 9,1% apresentou reteste normal. Ademais,  26,5%  das mães afirmaram não terem feito tratamento para sífilis congênita durante a gestação, evidenciando um pré-natal não adequado. Por fim, a maioria dos recém-nascidos com sífilis congênita passou na TAN.
Periodismo y documentación colaborativa: Microcatalunya
Authors: Ollé Candela
Published: March 2021

Cuando llega el momento de buscar un lugar para ir de vacaciones, la tendencia es ir lejos, lo más lejos posible. A veces, sin embargo, ya sea por cuestiones económicas o por disponer de pocos días, miramos más cerca, al lado de casa. No os recomendaremos destinos, ni guías de viaje, sino que os presentamos el proyecto Microcatalunya: un viaje por los pueblos más pequeños. Una iniciativa independiente que tiene voluntad de servicio al territorio.
¿Quiere ganar influencia en Washington? Financie 'think tanks'
Authors: Ponsa Francesc
Published: March 2021

La acción de lobbismo que se basa en influir sobre un grupo de individuos u organizaciones muy influyentes sobre el tema objeto de decisión se conoce como lobbismo de altura o grasstop lobbying. Por su condición de institución investigadora y asesora, los think tanks ―también conocidos como laboratorios de ideas― a menudo son objeto de este tipo de lobbismo. Sin embargo, una información publicada por el The New York Times ha puesto en entredicho la esencia de estas organizaciones: la credibilidad y el rigor.
Crear, verbo transitivo
Authors: Creus Amalia
Published: March 2021

En las sociedades actuales, competitivas, frenéticas y saturadas de información, hay una demanda imperiosa de creatividad. Están en alza las soluciones innovadores, de ideas rompedoras, todo lo que es desigual, disruptivo, original o, por utilizar una expresión de moda, “outside of the box”. Los beneficios de la creatividad parecen, en efecto, ilimitados: en las artes la creatividad impulsa nuevas formas de expansión y revitaliza la cultura, en las ciencias ayuda a resolver problemas complejos, y en muchas organizaciones y empresas se traduce directamente en beneficios económicos. Podemos afirmar que nuestra sociedad siempre ha reverenciado a las mentes extraordinariamente creativas, ya sea Steve Jobs o Sigmund Freud. Pero, ¿qué motiva la creatividad humana? ¿Qué es lo que marca la diferencia entre las personas altamente creativas y las que no lo son tanto?
15 historias sobre información que te pueden gustar
Authors: Cobarsí-Morales Josep
Published: March 2021

Con motivo del 15º aniversario de la actividad académica en Información y Documentación en la UOC, en el contexto de los Estudios de Ciencias de la Información y de la Comunicación, proponemos una selección de 15 historias sobre información que valen la pena. Cada una de ellas propone una mirada actual, ya sea para dar sentido a hechos de nuestro siglo XXI, revisar acontecimientos del pasado o imaginar el futuro.
Entre el derecho al olvido y el rastro informativo
Authors: Martínez Martínez Silvia
Published: March 2021

El pasado 13 de mayo de 2014, el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea (TJUE) sentó precedente al interpretar que el gestor de un motor de búsqueda está obligado a eliminar los enlaces ofrecidos en la lista de resultados que remitan a informaciones referidas a particulares, siempre y cuando estos puedan causarles perjuicio a su privacidad y no resulten pertinentes. Desde entonces, el llamado derecho al olvido se ha convertido en fuente de las más variadas controversias dado que su aplicación puede entrar en conflicto con otros derechos, entre ellos el de la información. En la sociedad actual, donde los buscadores canalizan gran parte del tráfico y facilitan el acceso a los contenidos, determinar qué derecho prevalece puede significar que una noticia deje huella o se diluya en el mar de contenidos.
El 'remake' de los tres cerditos en la red social
Authors: Domínguez Eva
Published: March 2021

El lobo que intentó matar a los tres cerditos ha muerto y la familia de puercos es detenida y enjuiciada. The Guardian despliega una cobertura multiplataforma. Se informa de cada paso del proceso en prensa, web, tabletas y móviles mientras la audiencia reacciona y toma partido en las redes. Con la frase “The Whole Picture” acaba el vídeo promocional.

El anuncio es un escaparate de los retos del periodismo actual, de la exigencia de ser inmediatos pero a la vez precisos, de adecuar el mensaje a cada soporte y formato y de estar atentos a la audiencia.
Model psikologi komparatif ketidaksetaraan jumlah pembagian sumber daya: Studi pada Macaca fascicularis
Authors: Nugroho Dwi Atmoko Agung , Sajuthi Dondin , Mansjoer Sri Soepraptini , Iskandar Entang , Darusman Huda Shalahuddin
Published: March 2021

This study aims to promote Macaca fascicularis as a comparative psychology model in finding the root and solution of resource inequity by exploring inhibitor effect on refusal behavior, acceptance, and aggression toward the feed distribution numbers in six pairs of female long-tailed macaques. We observed the frequency of refusal behavior, acceptance, and aggression toward the distribution of red grape with a ratio of: a) 1:1, 0:2, 1:3 without environmental inhibitors (with an opened-aclyric tray) and b) ratios 1:1 with an environmental inhibitor (with a transparent restriction box) in 60 trials per condition. The sample size was N = 10. Non-parametric statistical analysis of Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test showed that 1:1 ratio with environmental inhibitor produces a lower response of refusal behavior compared to 1:3 without inhibitor. It produced a lower response of aggression compared to other ratios. It produced a greater acceptance compared to other ratios. These long-tailed macaques do not accept the equity conditions except with environmental inhibitors. Based on this fact, we conclude that long-tailed macaques are a good spontaneous model for the comparative psychology of inequity.
La autogestión en la diversidad económica. Cooperativas, clubes y talleres productivos en la provincia del Marga Marga, región de Valparaíso de Chile
Authors: Gómez Núñez Nicolás , Rojas Torrejón Pilar , Benítez Zamudio María Francisca , Sánchez Arellano Álvaro
Published: March 2021

Este artículo presenta los resultados de la comparación de tres tipos de organizaciones autogestionadas que produce bienes y servicios, y su valor puede o no traducirse en precios y en dinero. Además, describe las interacciones que estas organizaciones tienen con los actores económicos y agentes políticos en la provincia del Marga Marga. A nivel conceptual, se utilizan las categorías de comunidad efectiva y sistema ecológico, para interpretar los datos que fueron construidos entre 2016 y 2017, a través de una metodología de estudio de casos. En este ejercicio se buscó responder la siguiente pregunta: ¿qué dimensiones de la autogestión son significativas para comprender la trayectoria de una organización que produce bienes y servicios? Entre los resultados destacó que el mantenimiento de la trayectoria de una organización económica autogestionada adopta dos maneras. Por un lado, las cooperativas y los talleres productivos participan en aglomeraciones de organizaciones productivas y comerciales de pequeña escala. Por otro lado, los clubes y agrupaciones de arte, crecen en sistemas ecológicos homogéneos donde la municipalidad cumple un papel importante.
Some preliminaries to the study of traces in linguistics
Authors: Arias Javier
Published: March 2021

The present paper constitutes a brief advance of much longer and more detailed ongoing work on the concept of “trace” in contemporary linguistic theory, particularly in syntax. It is commonly believed that the idea was coined by Noam Chomsky. However, we already detect its use, with a very accurate value, in the early work of Zellig Harris on mathematical linguistics or, to be more precise, on mathematical structures of language. In its origins, rather than being an index responsible for marking the location occupied by a unit previous to its syntactic movement (which always takes the form of fronting ), the trace was the result of a matrix product between n-adic functions. Thus, in Harris the trace is primarily a concept anchored in matrix calculus, or, put it differently, an algebraic notion. Chomsky’s notion, on its turn, is closely related with the LISP programming language. This text seeks to provide a preliminary analysis of the conceptual complexity implied in the concept of trace, which linguists should become aware of, for otherwise they will be doomed to be entangled in misunderstandings unfruitful to our discipline for decades to come.
LOS LÍMITES DEL PLURALISMO JURIDICO EN VENEZUELA: tensiones y horizontes del imaginario del Estado nación y la lucha por el reconocimiento de los pueblos indígenas
Authors: El Fakih Rodriguez Fatima Josefina , Faundes Peñafiel Juan Jorge
Published: March 2021

El proceso constituyente de 1999 en Venezuela arrojó un nuevo texto constitucional que, a lo menos formalmente, reconoció a los pueblos indígenas, les estableció un robusto catálogo de derechos y decía instalar el pluralismo jurídico. Sin embargo, diversos condicionantes fácticos y normativos han limitado o derechamente bloquearon dicho marco general de reconocimiento y el desarrollo del pluralismo jurídico. Veinte años después de esta apertura política y normativa, en medio de una crisis social, política y humanitaria galopante, se hace necesaria la revisión de los condicionantes fácticos y normativos que permitan comprender los límites y eventuales proyecciones del pluralismo jurídico en Venezuela. En este trabajo se constata, en primer lugar, que en el marco de la crisis que atraviesa Venezuela, han ocurrido un conjunto de transformaciones del imaginario político del estado nación, el cual se venía forjando a partir de la nueva Constitución Bolivariana de 1999 y que hoy se ha desdibujado para reconstituir una nueva forma de hegemonía estado nacional, en una versión que aún no es posible de proyectar. Segundo, por sobre las razones de la crisis en sí, se plantea la pregunta de si, al mismo tiempo, esta crisis y proceso de transformación 79 aún no resuelto, podrá abrir horizontes democráticos e interculturales, como presupuestos de un pluralismo jurídico igualitario efectivo.
Indigenous autonomy and justice for latin american Indigenous women
Authors: Cespedes Rodrigo
Published: March 2021

My paper deals with indigenous peoples’ rights, focusing on Latin American case-law related to gender issues. Latin American Courts have faced cases related to sexual crimes or domestic violence among indigenous people and have to choose between giving pre-eminence to women’s rights or indigenous autonomy. On deciding those cases, the tools provided by the proportionality test are paramount in order to analyse the case-law. The indigenous rights regimes (ILO-169, UNDRIP) may prevail or not against other human rights systems (which specially protect women or children) according to the facts of the case, but also according to domestic legal cultures modelled by the country’s historical evolution.
ECOLOGICAL METAPHORS IN DEBATES OVER LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGE POLITICS IN CATALONIA (1999-2009)
Authors: Sinner Carsten
Published: March 2021

In the last two decades, the ecological approach has attracted the interest of Spanish and Catalan linguists. Nonetheless, until recently linguists stated a lack of connection of the fields of language ecology and language policy. The study of language and ecology has not yet become a matter of public interest; it only appears in scientific publications and the media using startling ecological metaphors such as threat of extinction, etc. This contribution analyses the language used both by professional linguists and laypeople in publications and in the public debate on the conflicts in Spanish and Catalan bilingualism in the decade before the constitutional and supreme courts ruled against the prevalence of the Catalan language in Catalonia (1999-2009). The decade analysed here can be characterized by a sensation of growing linguistic conflicts that manifested, for example, through heated debates over what Catalans perceived as life threatening for the Catalan language, on the one hand, and reactions such as demands for the introduction of additional teaching hours to prevent the alleged extinction of Spanish in Catalonia, on the other hand. The Catalan society is reliving the ghost of extinction of their language—probably reinforced by publications which denounce a continuous reduction of living space and the disappearance of more and more niches of the Catalan language. On the other hand, Castilian activists (and among them some linguists) maintain there is a battle the Castilian language in Catalonia has to win in order to survive the said-to-be ferocious reduction of its vital space and the asserted institutionalized suffocation or extermination of the Spanish language. The texts analysed in this contribution belong to a text series which regarding its content and aims corresponds to a reduced number of triggering reference texts. The aim is to determine the importance of the language of ecology in this field and the usage of these elements by both sides, those denouncing the threat of the Castilian language and those fearing the risk of extinction of the Catalan language. It will be shown that in the debate over the struggle for life of Catalan and Spanish in the Catalan speaking areas, the language of ecology and evolution is heavily used and that the re-contextualization of Catalan metaphors in the analysed Spanish texts is systematic.
Conocimiento de la Rehabilitación Basada en la Comunidad por parte de fonoaudiólogos de la región de Valparaíso, Chile
Authors: Silva Ríos Angélica Pilar , Del Campos Rivas Manuel , Pérez Pérez Rodrigo
Published: March 2021

Introducción: La Rehabilitación Basada en la Comunidad (RBC) representa un nuevo ámbito de trabajo para fonoaudiólogos(as) en Chile. En la región de Valparaíso co-existen organizaciones no gubernamentales (ONG) y otras instituciones donde la RBC constituye un marco de acción para el quehacer profesional. A la fecha  y desde la fonoaudiología, no se ha descrito el manejo teórico-práctico  de los profesionales que se desempeñan en  este ámbito. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir el conocimiento que poseen los fonoaudiólogos respecto a la estrategia RBC y cómo estos saberes se ajustan a su práctica profesional. Método: estudio convergente paralelo a partir de un estudio observacional-descriptivo, de corte transversal, complementado con un diagnóstico participativo. Resultados: un 22% de los informantes comunica que las instituciones donde trabajan adscriben a la RBC, el 78% cuenta con contratos inferiores a 12 horas semanales y 83% considera que su jornada no le permite realizar acciones atingentes a la estrategia. Un 50% define de forma adecuada la RBC y el 88% acierta al identificar los pilares de la misma. Un 75% de los consultados refiere el ser agente de salud como eje central de su labor y  un 25% comunica que sus responsabilidades han de centrarse en la ejecución de talleres comunitarios. Los profesionales observan a la comunidad como un otro al cual asisten sanitariamente y declaran la necesidad de transitar hacia un paradigma donde domine la promoción y la prevención. Conclusiones: El conocimiento de la RBC por parte de fonoaudiólogos participantes del estudio, es aún intuitivo no existiendo coherencia entre los saberes teóricos y prácticos declarados. Es necesario fortalecer la formación a nivel de pre y posgrado, con objeto de alinear la práctica fonoaudiológica con las recomendaciones internacionales de la RBC.
EFFECT OF BHASTRIKA PRANAYAMA ON “SHWASAN KARMA”
Authors: Kelkar Chetan Dadaji , Lekurwale Pawan Sheshrao , Kherde Pravin Ramraoji , Vyas Deepak Madanmohan , Shrikhande Suchita Gopalrao
Published: March 2021

Pranayama is a breathing technique that produces many systemic and psychological effects in the body, specifically on the respiratory system. It is also an art to control the life force of breath. The aim and objective are to assess effect of breathing exercise i.e., Bhastrika Pranayama on ‘Shwasan Karma’, in individuals practicing regularly for continuous 12 weeks. This study was designed to study the effects of Pranayama on the pulmonary function parameters. Pranayama is one of the best lifestyle modifications which have ever been devised in the history of mankind. It is an ancient yoga technique, a spiritual and physical practice which integrates the mind and body. Pranayama is a type of yogic practice which produces many systemic psycho-physical effects in the body, besides its specific effects on the respiratory functions. The study group consisted of 32 volunteers. The participants were asked to undergo Pranayama training for 30 min daily, for 3 months. The results showed statistically significant improvement in FVC, FEV1, PEFR, MVV after pranayama. After analysing statistically results showed that, Shwasan Karma was significantly improved in individuals practicing Bhastrika Pranayama.
BOND AS A SAFE HAVEN DURING MARKET CRASH: EXAMINATION OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN ASEAN-5
Authors: Siahaan Gabriela Elvina Dwiastuti , Robiyanto Robiyanto
Published: March 2021

The central aim of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of corporate bonds and government bonds against the stock price fluctuation in ASEAN-5 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Singapore). Highlighting an important event of COVID-19, we investigate whether bonds provide protection by utilizing Q-REG method. The noteworthy finding is that bonds consistently act as a hedge for Malaysia and Philippines, while regarded as a diversifier for Indonesia’s capital market. However, this study observed that corporate bonds successfully become a strong safe haven for Thailand and Singapore capital market. Similar result was also found for Singapore government bonds which provides a valuable return during the pandemic of COVID-19.
Assessing the Effects of Steelmaking Slag Powder on the Pore Structure and Durability of Concrete
Authors: Hong Se-Hee , Yuan Tian-Feng , Choi Jin-Seok , Yoon Young-Soo
Published: March 2021

This study analyzes the pore structure and durability of concrete according to four different ratios of steelmaking slag powder (SSP). Concrete containing SSP increased the formation of gel and capillary pores due to delayed hydration, and the largest cumulative pore volume was observed when the incorporation ratio was 20%. In terms of durability, the incorporation of SSP had decreased performance compared to concrete without SSP (NN), which was due to changes in the pore structure caused by incorporating SSP. In the case of the freezing and thawing resistance, concrete containing 10% SSP showed a remarkable relative dynamic elastic modulus of more than 80%, and a similar carbonation depth was predicted within 15% of SSP. In addition, the resistance performance of chloride ion migration in concrete with SSP was excellent. Accordingly, it can be utilized as a supplementary cementitious material if the freezing and thawing resistance of concrete containing 15% SSP is secured.
Impacts of the Absence of General Hospitals on 119 Emergency Medical Services: Focusing on the Case of the Baptist Hospital in Busan
Authors: Lee Dalbyul
Published: March 2021

This study investigates the impact of the lack of general hospitals on the residents of Busan, South Korea. In particular, it analyzes the impact of 119 emergency medical services on hospital transit time. Multiple regression analysis was conducted using the data on hospital transfer time obtained from the Busan Fire and Disaster Headquarters 119 EMS activity log as the dependent variable. The analysis indicated that, after the Baptist hospital was closed, the average transit time in Geumjeong-gu increased, especially in the case of emergency patients. The average time increased in most dongs in Geumjeong-gu but more so in the ones located in the outer city. These results demonstrate the importance of general hospitals in local communities. In the case of emergency, patients who must be transferred to a general hospital, the fact that it can affect not only the relevant area but also neighboring areas can provide the basis for empirical logic at the present time to regenerate a baptist hospital into a public hospital.
A Study on the Analysis of Pressure Difference According to the Stack Effect of High-Rise Buildings during Fire
Authors: Kim HyeWon , Koo InHyuk , Kim YunSeong , Lee ByeongHeun , Jin SeungHyeo , Kwon YoungJin
Published: March 2021

As the number of high-rise buildings in Korea continues to increase, interest in the stack effect is increasing. In particular, in the event of a fire, as the indoor temperature increases, there is the problem that the stack effect increases. Accordingly, it is necessary to analyze the stack effect resulting from temperature change during a fire. In this study, by using CONTAMW simulation, the opening was opened or closed. In the case where the temperature of the fire room rises to the temperature of the growth period caused by a fire, the pressure difference in the building according to the temperature increase during a fire was confirmed. As a result, depending on whether the opening was opened or closed, the pressure difference was uniform for each layer, ranging from 0 to 100 Pa when opened. However, assuming a fire room, the pressure in the fire layer increased to approximately 250 Pa, and it was confirmed that the pressure difference varied greatly for each floor.
Earthquake-resistant Design of Circular RC Pier Columns
Authors: Kook Seungkyu , Kim Junbum
Published: March 2021

The purpose of earthquake-resistant design for typical bridges is to secure no-collapse requirements, and pier columns are essential structural members. To secure no-collapse requirements, a ductile/brittle mechanism should be designed according to the seismic behaviors of pier columns. These formations should be based on the flexure/shear performance curves of pier columns. In this study on the circular reinforced concrete pier columns of typical bridges, the effects of design factors such as height, diameter, and transverse reinforcement ratio on the flexure/shear performance curves are determined. The seismic behaviors of the pier columns are analyzed by overlapping the performance curves. Conditions are proposed for ductile mechanism formation based on the study results.
Comparative Analysis of SCE and Contract Cost for Disaster Impact Assessment System: Focus on Classification of Project Area and Relevant Government
Authors: Jeon Wooyeol , Jang Kwangjin
Published: March 2021

This study compares and analyzes the contract amount and Standard for Calculating Expenses (SCE) concerning the Disaster Impact Assessment System (DIAS) and provides the results as basic data for improving the system. The current status of low-cost contracts based on a contract price ratio of 70% or less compared to the standard cost was analyzed. A total of 640 cases with reliable data were examined. The result indicated that the ratio of low-cost contracts was more than 70% of the total: the ratio of low-cost contracts of DIR was 76.2%, DIA 100%, and SDIA 86.7%. In particular, DIA with a large project area tends to be contracted at a price lower than that of DIR or SDIA. Further, this study found that the ratio of low-cost contracts of local government was higher than that of the central government, and private ordering projects were contracted at a cost lower than that of public ordering projects. Moreover, it verified the current contract status of DIAS agency through quantitative figures, which heretofore has not been revealed. The analysis results were used as basic data for the development of causal loop diagram.
Use of a trapped fluorescent indicator to demonstrate effects of thyroliberin and dopamine on cytoplasmic calcium concentrations in bovine anterior pituitary cells
Authors: Schofield J.G.
Published: July 2002

The fluorescent calcium indicator ‘quin2’ was used to demonstrate changes in cytoplasmic calcium concentrations in bovine anterior pituitary cells. The basal calcium concentration was 0.21 ± 0.02 μM (mean of 4 cell preparations). Thyroliberin (TRH) (10−10–10−6 M) rapidly and at the higher concentrations transiently increased the concentration. Dopamine (10−10–10−7 M) decreased the concentration transiently and more slowly. At 10−t M, dopamine prevented the increase in calcium concentration caused by 10−9 M TRH, and partially inhibited the increase caused by higher concentrations of the peptide. The data support the hypothesis that calcium is the second messenger for TRH, and suggest that dopamine inhibits TRH‐induced prolactin secretion by preventing the calcium concentration from exceeding the level necessary to increase secretion.
An investigation of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase activity by high resolution 1H NMR
Authors: Gutteridge Steven , Parry Martin A.J. , Schmidt C.N.Godfrey , Feeney Jim
Published: July 2002

The reactions catalysed by ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase have been studied by high resolution proton NMR spectroscopy. The protons of the substrate ribulose‐P2 and the products of the carboxylase and oxygenase reactions are readily assigned to the various carbon centres. Half of the 3‐phosphoglycerate molecules generated during carboxylase turnover of ribulose‐P2 in saturating CO2 concentrations acquire deuterium from the solution at the C2 position, whereas the other 3‐phosphoglycerate molecules and also the 3‐phosphoglycerate produced as a result of the oxygenase activity contain no deuterium of this type. However, the addition of activated enzyme (i.e., in the presence of an effector) to a solution of ribulose‐P2 in the near absence of either CO2 or O2 catalyses the exchange of the C3 proton with the deuterium of the solution.
Channeling of ammonia from glutaminase to carbamoyl‐phosphate synthetase in liver mitochondria
Authors: Meijer Alfred J.
Published: July 2002

In isolated rat‐liver mitochondria the rate of citrulline synthesis from glutamine does not respond to changes in the ammonia concentration in the extramitochondrial fluid. This suggest that ammonia, produced in the mitochondria via glutaminase, is directly channeled to carbamoyl‐phosphate synthetase.
Demonstration and characterization of α‐human atrial natriuretic factor in human plasma
Authors: Arendt R.M. , Stangl E. , Zähringer J. , Liebisch D.C. , Herz A.
Published: July 2002

Atrial natriuretic factor
Human plasma
Extraction
Chromatographie characterization
Hypertension
Testosterone production by mouse Leydig cells is stimulated in vitro by atrial natriuretic factor
Authors: Mukhopadhyay A.K. , Bohnet H.G. , Leidenberger F.A.
Published: July 2002

The synthetic atrial peptides, rat atrial natriuretic peptide, atriopeptin I and atriopeptin II, stimulated testosterone production by mouse Leydig cells in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner. The maximum stimulation of the steroidogenesis in response to the peptides was 6–10‐fold over the basal level, as compared with 20–24‐fold stimulation obtained with saturating concentrations of hCG. The stimulation of steroidogenesis by the most potent peptide, atriopeptin II, was markedly enhanced in the presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, 3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine, suggesting an involvement of cyclic nucleotides. However, neither basal nor hCG‐stimulated levels of cAMP were altered by the peptide, though testosterone production in response to submaximal concentrations of hCG was increased in the presence of atriopeptin II. The nature of the second messenger involved and the mechanism of action of the atrial peptides may by elucidated by further research in progress.
Type II Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase binds to actin filaments in a calmodulin‐sensitive manner
Authors: Ohta Yasutaka , Nishida Eisuke , Sakai Hikoichi
Published: July 2002

Multifunctional type II Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase purified from rat brain cytosol was found to bind to actin filaments in vitro. The binding was saturable, and the dissociation constant for the binding was determined to be about 4 × 10−8 M. Electron microscopic observation indicated that the kinase binds to the side of actin filaments. Calmodulin inhibited the binding of the kinase to actin filaments in a Ca2+‐dependent manner. The Ca2+/calmodulin‐regulated binding of the kinase to actin filaments revealed here may be important for the substrate recognition of the kinase.
Circadian variations in melatonin‐binding sites in discrete areas of the male rat brain
Authors: Zisapel Nava , Nir Isaac , Laudon Moshe
Published: July 2002

The binding of 125I‐melatonin to synaptosomes prepared from whole brains of male rats of the CD strain and from the brain, hypothalamus and striatum of male rats of the Sabra‐Wistar strain was assessed throughout a 24 h period. The animals were maintained under a daily schedule of 14 h light (05:00–19:00 h) and 10 h darkness. In whole brain preparations the density of binding sites at 18:00 h was higher by about 70% than at 02:00 h with no variations in apparent affinity of the binding sites throughout the daily period. Specific binding of 125I‐melatonin was found in both hypothalamus and striatum of the male rat with a distinct diurnal variation in binding site density in the hypothalamus only. The density of 125I‐melatonin‐binding sites in the hypothalamus was maximal between 10:00 and 18:00 h and dropped sharply after the lights went off. The apparent 125I‐melatonin‐binding affinities in these regions were constant and very similar to those in whole brain preparations. The daily variations in densities of 125I‐melatonin‐binding sites in discrete brain areas may represent a diurnal rhythmicity in the responsiveness of the neuroendocrine axis to melatonin.
On the energetics of conformational changes and pH dependent redox behaviour of electron transfer proteins
Authors: Rogers Neil K. , Moore Geoffrey R.
Published: July 2002

Calculations of the electrostatic interaction energies for four metalloproteins that carry out electron transfer are reported. Each protein has a pH dependent redox potential from which the measured electrostatic interaction energy is obtained. The calculations were made using the X‐ray structure coordinates and a semimacroscopic model of the interactions. For cytochrome c‐551 and HIPIP the calculated and observed interaction energies were found to be approximately the same, in agreement with the fact that significant conformational changes do not accompany the ionisations. For cytochrome c
2 and azurin, however, major differences were found between the calculated and observed values. These are accounted for primarily by the occurrence of significant conformational changes accompanying the ionisations. The reorganisation energies for these conformational changes are ∼7.0 and ∼11.1 kJ·mol−1, respectively.
Superoxide‐induced deimination of arginine in hematopoietic cells
Authors: Kamoun P.P. , Schneider E. , Dy M.
Published: July 2002

Murine bone marrow cells can produce citrulline directly from L‐arginine without intermediate ornithine. An L‐arginine‐dependent biochemical pathway synthesizing L‐citrulline and nitrate, coupled to an effector mechanism has also been recently demonstrated in murine cytotoxic activated macrophages. We show herein that L‐citrulline synthesis in murine bone marrow cells can be induced by the generation of superoxide. It can take place in an arginine‐free medium, suggesting the implication of a superoxide‐dependent peptidyl arginine deiminase.
Human testis cDNA for the regulatory subunit RIIα of CAMP‐dependent protein kinase encodes an alternate amino‐terminal region
Authors: Øyen Ole , Myklebust Frode , Scott John D. , Hansson Vidar , Jahnsen Tore
Published: July 2002

Phosphorylations catalysed by cAMP‐dependent protein kinase are essential for sperm motility, and type II cAMP‐dependent protein kinase in mature sperm has been shown to be firmly bound to the flagellum via the regulatory subunit, RII. The present study documents high‐levelled expression of a human, testis‐specific RIIα mRNA (2.0 kb) analogous to the rat mRNA which is induced in haploid germ cells [(1988) FEBS Lett. 229, 391–394]. We report the molecular cloning of a full‐length human cDNA corresponding to this unique testis mRNA, and the presence of an alternate amino‐terminal region (amino acids 45–75) of the predicted RIIα protein (404 amino acids) compared with the previously published mouse and rat sequences. However, this alternate region is also shown to be present in RIIα mRNA (7.0 kb) of human somatic cells. Our data indicate the divergent amino‐terminal sequence to be due to species differences, suggesting an active evolutionary pressure on this particular region, which could be involved in subcellular attachment of RIIα and thereby localization of kinase activity to certain targets within the cell.
An increase in intracellular free calcium is an early event during differentiation of cultured human keratinocytes
Authors: Sharpe G.R. , Gillespie J.I. , Greenwell J.R.
Published: July 2002

The effect of [Ca2+]o on [Ca2+]i in cultured human keratinocytes was studied using dual‐wavelength microspectrofluorometric techniques. The results show that increasing [Ca2+]o from 70 μM to 1 mM causes an early rise in [Ca2+]i complete by 2 h. Heterogeneity within cultures was demonstrated.The [Ca2+]i in spontaneously differentiated cells of low Ca2+ cultures was similar to that of Ca2+ induced differentiated cells. The increase in [Ca2+]i preceded the morphological changes and growth inhibition induced by increasing [Ca2+]o. These observations are consistent with an increase in [Ca2+]i mediating differentiation of human keratinocytes.
Identification of the ferroxidase centre in ferritin
Authors: Lawson David M. , Treffry Amyra , Artymiuk Peter J. , Harrison Pauline M. , Yewdall Stephen J. , Luzzago Alessandra , Cesareni Gianne , Levi Sonia , Arosio Paolo
Published: July 2002

Ferroxidase activity in human H‐chain ferritin has been studied with the aid of site‐directed mutagenesis. A site discovered by X‐ray crystallography has now been identified as the ferroxidase centre. This centre is present only in H‐chains and is located within the four‐helix bundle of the chain fold.
The B isozyme of creatine kinase is active as a fusion protein in Escherichia coli: In vivo detection by 31P NMR
Authors: Koretsky Alan P. , Traxler Beth A.
Published: July 2002

A cDNA encoding the B isozyme of creatine kinase (CKB) has been expressed in Escherichia coli from a fusion with lacZ carried by λgt11. Western blots indicate that a stable polypeptide with the appropriate mobility for the β‐galactosidase‐creatine kinase (β‐gal‐CKB) fusion protein cross‐reacts with both β‐gal and CKB antiserum. No significant CK activity is detected in control E. coli; however, extracts from cells containing the λgt11‐CKB construct have a CK activity of 1.54±0.07 μmol/min per mg protein. The fusion protein appears to provide this activity because immunoprecipitation of protein with β‐gal antiserum leads to a loss of CK activity from extracts. That the enzyme is active in vivo was demonstrated by detection of a phosphocreatine (PCr) peak in the 31P NMR spectrum from E. coli grown on medium supplemented with creatine. As in mammalian brain and muscle, the PCr peak detected was sensitive to the energy status of the E. coli.
N5,N10‐Methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum has hydrogenase activity
Authors: Zirngibl C. , Hedderich R. , Thauer R.K.
Published: July 2002

N5,N10‐Methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum (strain Marburg) was purified under anaerobic conditions to apparent homogeneity and a specific activity of approximately 750 μol/min/mg protein. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under native and denaturing conditions revealed that the enzyme is composed of only one polypeptide with an apparent molecular mass of 43 kDa. The purified enzyme catalyzed the dehydrogenation of N5,N10‐methylenetetrahydromethanopterin (CH2=H4MPT) (apparent Km≡20 μM) to N5,N10‐methenyltetrahydromethanopterin (CH≡H4MPT) in the absence of any added electron acceptors. One mol of H2 was generated per mol CH≡H4MPT formed, indicating that protons served as electron acceptor. Coenzyme F420, NAD, NADP and viologen dyes were not reduced by CH2=H4MPT. The dehydrogenase also catalyzed the reverse reaction, the reduction of CH≡H4MPT to CH2=H4MPT with H2. The data indicate that CH2=H4MPT dehydrogenase from M. thermoautotrophicum is a novel type of hydrogenase.
Radiorespirometry evidence for the discrimination between 13C‐enriched glucose and unlabelled glucose molecules by Paracoccus denitrificans
Authors: Dunstan R.H. , Rees T.ap , Whatley F.R. , Greenaway W.
Published: July 2002

Paracoccus denitrificans was grown on either unlabelled glucose, [1‐13C]glucose or [6‐13C]glucose as the sole carbon source for growth. The cells were then incubated with a range of 14C‐glucose substrates to compare the 14CO2‐evolution rates between cells grown on the glucose and the 13C‐labelled glucose. Cells grown on 13C‐glucose had significantly faster rates of 14CO2‐evolution than those grown on unlabelled glucose. The % yields of 14CO2, per [1‐14C]‐, [6‐14C]‐ and [U‐14C]glucose supplied were also substantially greater than those measured for cells grown on unlabelled glucose. The data indicated that growth of Paracoccus on 13C‐enriched glucose substrates resulted in cells with notably different 14C‐glucose oxidation metabolism compared to that observed in cells grown on unlabelled glucose.
Cell‐induced potentiation of the plasminogen activation system is abolished by a monoclonal antibody that recognizes the NH2‐terminal domain of the urokinase receptor
Authors: Rønne Ebbe , Behrendt Niels , Ellis Vincent , Ploug Michael , Danø Keld , Høyer-Hansen Gunilla
Published: July 2002

We have raised four monoclonal antibodies recognizing different epitopes within the human cell‐surface receptor for urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (u‐PA). One of these antibodies completely abolishes the potentiation of plasmin generation observed upon incubation of the zymogens pro‐u‐PA and plasminogen with U937 cells. This antibody, which is also the only one to completely inhibit the binding of DFP‐inactivated [125I]‐u‐PA to U937 cells, is directed against the u‐PA binding NH2‐terminal domain of u‐PAR, a well‐defined fragment formed by limited chymotrypsin digestion of purified u‐PAR, demonstrating the functional independence of the u‐PA binding domain as well as the critical role of u‐PAR in the assembly of the cell‐surface plasminogen activation system.
APP RNA splicing is not affected by differentiation of neurons and glia in culture
Authors: Paul Gisela , Dutly Fabrizio , Frei Karl , Foguet Montserrat , Lübbert Hermann
Published: July 2002

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene expression was investigated in primary cultures of neurons, astrocytes, microglial cells and oligodendrocytes. Neurons from various rat brain regions, as well as oligodendrocytes, contained RNA encoding APP695, while astrocytes and microglial cells expressed high levels of RNAs for APP770 and APP751. It was studied whether the cell type‐specific regulation of APP gene expression could be modified by induction of cellular differentiation in vitro. While neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells has been shown to correspond with an altered pattern of APP splicing, in the primary cultures neither the time in culture nor a treatment of the cells with appropriate differentiation factors affected this pattern.
Expression of functional Thermoplasma acidophilum proteasomes in Escherichia coli
Authors: Zwickl Peter , Lottspeich Friedrich , Baumeister Wolfgang
Published: July 2002

The two genes encoding the constituent subunits of the Thermoplasma acidophilum proteasome were expressed in Escherichia coli yielding fully assembled molecules as shown by electron microscopy. The recombinant proteasomes were purified to homogeneity and ware shown to have proteolytic activity indistinguishable from proteasomes isolated from T. acidophilum.