bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teachers' and students' views on using augmented reality environments in physics education: 11th grade magnetism topic example
Authors: Abdüsselam Mustafa Serkan
Published: January 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate the opinions of students in learning physics and physics teachers in teaching physics during using augmented reality environments. In this study, focus group interview technique was used as a qualitative research technique. Semi-structured interview technique was used as a method of data collection. This study was executed with three physic teachers and 8 students of a secondary school at Trabzon in 2010-2011 school years. As a result, using augmented reality in teaching magnetism has benefits on behalf of the magnetic field by providing the visualization. In learning side, it helps the student for better understanding the events of the environment and make able to have more better realistic application. Through the obtained results, it is suggested that augmented reality should be used in other subjects of science which are difficult to comprehend.
Employment Effects of the 2009 Minimum Wage Increase: New Evidence from State-Based Comparisons of Workers by Skill Level
Authors: Hoffman Saul D.
Published: January 2014

In July, 2009, when the US Federal minimum wage was increased from $6.55 to $7.25, individuals in nearly one-third of all states were unaffected, since the state minimum wage already exceeded $7.25. We use this variation to make comparisons of the employment of low-skill workers with their peers across states and with workers within states who were arguably unaffected by the increase, using DID and DIDID methods. Our data come from the 2009 Current Population Survey, 4 and 5 months before and after the increase. We find little evidence of negative employment effects for teens or less-educated adults. Further control for demographic characteristics and state fixed effects have relatively small effects on the size and significance of estimated effects.
Graded quiver varieties and derived categories
Authors: Keller Bernhard , Scherotzke Sarah
Published: January 2014

Inspired by recent work of Hernandez–Leclerc and
Leclerc–Plamondon we investigate the link between Nakajima's graded
affine quiver varieties associated with an acyclic connected quiver Q and the
derived category of Q. As Leclerc–Plamondon have shown,
the points of these varieties can be interpreted
as representations of a category, which we call the (singular) Nakajima
category 𝒮. We determine the quiver of 𝒮
and the number of minimal relations between any two given vertices.
We construct a δ-functor Φ taking each finite-dimensional
representation of 𝒮 to an object of the derived category of Q.
We show that the functor Φ establishes a bijection between the strata of the
graded affine quiver varieties and the isomorphism classes of objects
in the image of Φ. If the underlying graph of Q is an ADE Dynkin
diagram, the image is the whole derived category; otherwise, it is
the category of `line bundles over the non-commutative curve given by Q'.
We show that the degeneration order between
strata corresponds to Jensen–Su–Zimmermann's degeneration
order on objects of the derived category. Moreover, if Q is an ADE Dynkin quiver,
the singular category 𝒮 is weakly Gorenstein of dimension 1 and its
derived category of singularities is equivalent to the derived category of Q.
Assessment of Heat Transfer and Mass Change During Fruits and Vegetables Impingement Pre-Cooling
Authors: Góral Dariusz , Kluza Franciszek , Kozłowicz Katarzyna
Published: January 2014

The study investigated the use of impingement methods for cooling of fruits and vegetables. Raw materials were cooled in air at 0°C temperature flowing from nozzles of 0.02 m diameter with speed in the range of 10–51 ms−1 and for comparing, in the water at the same temperature. Raw mass change, value of heat transfer coefficient in the system and the cooling time were analyzed. The mass losses are dependent on air velocity at the nozzles exit, increase in the cooling air velocity permits a reduction in the losses. The mean value of heat transfer coefficient were found within the 12–44 W(m2 K)−1 range. It was found that the impingement method can be used for rapid cooling of fruits and vegetables, characterizing the process parameters comparable to the cooling of water.
Research on design rules for composite laminate
Authors: Wang Gong-Dong , Wang Jun , Hossain Sayed K.M. , Chen Hao
Published: January 2014

A methodology of laminate design rules is proposed to incorporate constraint in genetic algorithm (GA). It can provide optimization result that conforms to the composite design rules. Several methods such as replacement approach, swap approach, combined approach, and zero fitness approach are introduced to execute the laminate design rules concept. Effects are analyzed in terms of fitness value and convergence rate. Using rule operators, the convergence speed of the GA is increased. The proposed solutions will be more suitable than standard GA for some particular application with their conformance to the design rules. As a result, these methods are successfully applied and a practical optimal stacking sequence is obtained with the most appropriate for design rules.
Dopamine-Modulated Recurrent Corticoefferent Feedback in Primary Sensory Cortex Promotes Detection of Behaviorally Relevant Stimuli
Authors: Happel Max F. K. , Deliano Matthias , Handschuh Juliane , Ohl Frank W.
Published: January 2014

Dopaminergic neurotransmission in primary auditory cortex (AI) has been shown to be involved in learning and memory functions. Moreover, dopaminergic projections and D1/D5receptor distributions display a layer-dependent organization, suggesting specific functions in the cortical circuitry. However, the circuit effects of dopaminergic neurotransmission in sensory cortex and their possible roles in perception, learning, and memory are largely unknown.

Here, we investigated layer-specific circuit effects of dopaminergic neuromodulation using current source density (CSD) analysis in AI of Mongolian gerbils. Pharmacological stimulation of D1/D5receptors increased auditory-evoked synaptic currents in infragranular layers, prolonging local thalamocortical input via positive feedback between infragranular output and granular input. Subsequently, dopamine promoted sustained cortical activation by prolonged recruitment of long-range corticocortical networks. A detailed circuit analysis combining layer-specific intracortical microstimulation (ICMS), CSD analysis, and pharmacological cortical silencing revealed that cross-laminar feedback enhanced by dopamine relied on a positive, fast-acting recurrent corticoefferent loop, most likely relayed via local thalamic circuits. Behavioral signal detection analysis further showed that activation of corticoefferent output by infragranular ICMS, which mimicked auditory activation under dopaminergic influence, was most effective in eliciting a behaviorally detectable signal.

Our results show that D1/D5-mediated dopaminergic modulation in sensory cortex regulates positive recurrent corticoefferent feedback, which enhances states of high, persistent activity in sensory cortex evoked by behaviorally relevant stimuli. In boosting horizontal network interactions, this potentially promotes the readout of task-related information from cortical synapses and improves behavioral stimulus detection.
Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons Switch from a Multipolar Migration Mode to a Novel “Climbing” Migration Mode during Development
Authors: Kitazawa Ayako , Kubo Ken-ichiro , Hayashi Kanehiro , Matsunaga Yuki , Ishii Kazuhiro , Nakajima Kazunori
Published: January 2014

The hippocampus plays important roles in brain functions. Despite the importance of hippocampal functions, recent analyses of neuronal migration have mainly been performed on the cerebral neocortex, and the cellular mechanisms responsible for the formation of the hippocampus are not yet completely understood. Moreover, why a prolonged time is required for hippocampal neurons to complete their migration has been unexplainable for several decades. We analyzed the migratory profile of neurons in the developing mouse hippocampal CA1 region and found that the hippocampal pyramidal neurons generated near the ventricle became postmitotic multipolar cells and accumulated in the multipolar cell accumulation zone (MAZ) in the late stage of development. The hippocampal neurons passed through the pyramidal layer by a unique mode of migration. Their leading processes were highly branched and made contact with many radial fibers. Time-lapse imaging revealed that the migrating cells changed their scaffolds from the original radial fibers to other radial fibers, and as a result they proceed in a zigzag manner, with long intervals. The migrating cells in the hippocampus reminded us of “rock climbers” that instead of using their hands to pull up their bodies were using their leading processes to pull up their cell bodies. Because this mode of migration had never been described, we called it the “climbing” mode. The change from the “climbing” mode in the hippocampus to the “locomotion” mode in the neocortex may have contributed to the brain expansion during evolution.
Reward Inference by Primate Prefrontal and Striatal Neurons
Authors: Pan Xiaochuan , Fan Hongwei , Sawa Kosuke , Tsuda Ichiro , Tsukada Minoru , Sakagami Masamichi
Published: January 2014

The brain contains multiple yet distinct systems involved in reward prediction. To understand the nature of these processes, we recorded single-unit activity from the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) and the striatum in monkeys performing a reward inference task using an asymmetric reward schedule. We found that neurons both in the LPFC and in the striatum predicted reward values for stimuli that had been previously well experienced with set reward quantities in the asymmetric reward task. Importantly, these LPFC neurons could predict the reward value of a stimulus using transitive inference even when the monkeys had not yet learned the stimulus–reward association directly; whereas these striatal neurons did not show such an ability. Nevertheless, because there were two set amounts of reward (large and small), the selected striatal neurons were able to exclusively infer the reward value (e.g., large) of one novel stimulus from a pair after directly experiencing the alternative stimulus with the other reward value (e.g., small). Our results suggest that although neurons that predict reward value for old stimuli in the LPFC could also do so for new stimuli via transitive inference, those in the striatum could only predict reward for new stimuli via exclusive inference. Moreover, the striatum showed more complex functions than was surmised previously for model-free learning.
Rapid Dynamic Changes of Dendritic Inhibition in the Dentate Gyrus by Presynaptic Activity Patterns
Authors: Liu Yu-Chao , Cheng Jen-Kun , Lien Cheng-Chang
Published: January 2014

The dentate gyrus (DG) serves as a primary gate to control information transfer from the cortex to the hippocampus. Activation of incoming cortical inputs results in rapid synaptic excitation followed by slow GABA-mediated (GABAergic) synaptic inhibition onto DG granule cells (GCs). GABAergic inhibitory interneurons (INs) in the DG comprise fast-spiking (FS) and non–fast-spiking (non-FS) cells. Anatomical analyses of DG INs reveal that FS cells are soma-targeting INs, whereas non-FS cells are dendrite-targeting INs. These two IN classes are differentially recruited by excitatory inputs and in turn provide exquisite spatiotemporal control over GC activity. Yet, little is known how FS and non-FS cells transform their presynaptic dynamics into varying postsynaptic response amplitudes. Using paired recordings in rat hippocampal slices, we show that inhibition in the DG is dominated by somatic GABAergic inputs during periods of sparse presynaptic activity, whereas dendritic GABAergic inputs are rapidly shifted to powerful and sustained inhibition during periods of intense presynaptic activity. The variant dynamics of dendritic inhibition is dependent on presynaptic IN subtypes and their activity patterns and is attributed to Ca2+-dependent increases in the probability of release and the size of the readily releasable pool. Furthermore, the degree of dynamic GABA release can be reduced by blocking voltage-gated K+channels, which increases the efficacy of dendrite-targeting IN output synapses during sparse firing. Such rapid dynamic modulation of dendritic inhibition may act as a frequency-dependent filter to prevent overexcitation of GC dendrites and thus set the excitatory–inhibitory synaptic balance in the DG circuits.
E2F1 Coregulates Cell Cycle Genes and Chromatin Components during the Transition of Oligodendrocyte Progenitors from Proliferation to Differentiation
Authors: Magri Laura , Swiss Victoria A. , Jablonska Beata , Lei Liang , Pedre Xiomara , Walsh Martin , Zhang Weijia , Gallo Vittorio , Canoll Peter , Casaccia Patrizia
Published: January 2014

Cell cycle exit is an obligatory step for the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) into myelinating cells. A key regulator of the transition from proliferation to quiescence is the E2F/Rb pathway, whose activity is highly regulated in physiological conditions and deregulated in tumors. In this paper we report a lineage-specific decline of nuclear E2F1 during differentiation of rodent OPC into oligodendrocytes (OLs) in developing white matter tracts and in cultured cells. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and deep-sequencing in mouse and rat OPCs, we identified cell cycle genes (i.e.,Cdc2) and chromatin components (i.e.,Hmgn1, Hmgn2), including those modulating DNA methylation (i.e.,Uhrf1), as E2F1 targets. Binding of E2F1 to chromatin on the gene targets was validated and their expression assessed in developing white matter tracts and cultured OPCs. Increased expression of E2F1 gene targets was also detected in mouse gliomas (that were induced by retroviral transformation of OPCs) compared with normal brain. Together, these data identify E2F1 as a key transcription factor modulating the expression of chromatin components in OPC during the transition from proliferation to differentiation.
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep and Hippocampal Theta Oscillations Precede Seizure Onset in the Tetanus Toxin Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Sedigh-Sarvestani Madineh , Thuku Godfrey I. , Sunderam Sridhar , Parkar Anjum , Weinstein Steven L. , Schiff Steven J. , Gluckman Bruce J.
Published: January 2014

Improved understanding of the interaction between state of vigilance (SOV) and seizure onset has therapeutic potential. Six rats received injections of tetanus toxin (TeTX) in the ventral hippocampus that resulted in chronic spontaneous seizures. The distribution of SOV before 486 seizures was analyzed for a total of 19 d of recording. Rapid eye movement sleep (REM) and exploratory wake, both of which express prominent hippocampal theta rhythm, preceded 47 and 34%, for a total of 81%, of all seizures. Nonrapid eye movement sleep (NREM) and nonexploratory wake, neither of which expresses prominent theta, preceded 6.8 and 13% of seizures. We demonstrate that identification of SOV yields significant differentiation of seizure susceptibilities, with the instantaneous seizure rate during REM nearly 10 times higher than baseline and the rate for NREM less than half of baseline. Survival analysis indicated a shorter duration of preseizure REM bouts, with a maximum transition to seizure at ∼90 s after the onset of REM. This study provides the first analysis of a correlation between SOV and seizure onset in the TeTX model of temporal lobe epilepsy, as well as the first demonstration that hippocampal theta rhythms associated with natural behavioral states can serve a seizure-promoting role. Our findings are in contrast with previous studies suggesting that the correlations between SOV and seizures are primarily governed by circadian oscillations and the notion that hippocampal theta rhythms inhibit seizures. The documentation of significant SOV-dependent seizure susceptibilities indicates the potential utility of SOV and its time course in seizure prediction and control.
Active Dendrites Regulate Spectral Selectivity in Location-Dependent Spike Initiation Dynamics of Hippocampal Model Neurons
Authors: Das Anindita , Narayanan Rishikesh
Published: January 2014

How does the presence of plastic active dendrites in a pyramidal neuron alter its spike initiation dynamics? To answer this question, we measured the spike-triggered average (STA) from experimentally constrained, conductance-based hippocampal neuronal models of various morphological complexities. We transformed the STA computed from these models to the spectral and the spectrotemporal domains and found that the spike initiation dynamics exhibited temporally localized selectivity to a characteristic frequency. In the presence of the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, the STA characteristic frequency strongly correlated with the subthreshold resonance frequency in the theta frequency range. Increases in HCN channel density or in input variance increased the STA characteristic frequency and its selectivity strength. In the absence of HCN channels, the STA exhibited weak delta frequency selectivity and the characteristic frequency was related to the repolarization dynamics of the action potentials and the recovery kinetics of sodium channels from inactivation. Comparison of STA obtained with inputs at various dendritic locations revealed that nonspiking and spiking dendrites increased and reduced the spectrotemporal integration window of the STA with increasing distance from the soma as direct consequences of passive filtering and dendritic spike initiation, respectively. Finally, the presence of HCN channels set the STA characteristic frequency in the theta range across the somatodendritic arbor and specific STA measurements were strongly related to equivalent transfer-impedance-related measurements. Our results identify explicit roles for plastic active dendrites in neural coding and strongly recommend a dynamically reconfigurable multi-STA model to characterize location-dependent input feature selectivity in pyramidal neurons.
Sensory Cortical Population Dynamics Uniquely Track Behavior across Learning and Extinction
Authors: Moran Anan , Katz Donald B.
Published: January 2014

Neural responses in many cortical regions encode information relevant to behavior: information that necessarily changes as that behavior changes with learning. Although such responses are reasonably theorized to be related to behavior causation, the true nature of that relationship cannot be clarified by simple learning studies, which show primarily that responses change with experience. Neural activity that truly tracks behavior (as opposed to simply changing with experience) will not only change with learning but also change back when that learning is extinguished. Here, we directly probed for this pattern, recording the activity of ensembles of gustatory cortical single neurons as rats that normally consumed sucrose avidly were trained first to reject it (i.e., conditioned taste aversion learning) and then to enjoy it again (i.e., extinction), all within 49 h. Both learning and extinction altered cortical responses, consistent with the suggestion (based on indirect evidence) that extinction is a novel form of learning. But despite the fact that, as expected, postextinction single-neuron responses did not resemble “naive responses,” ensemble response dynamics changed with learning and reverted with extinction: both the speed of stimulus processing and the relationships among ensemble responses to the different stimuli tracked behavioral relevance. These data suggest that population coding is linked to behavior with a fidelity that single-neuron coding is not.
Inhibitory Plasticity Dictates the Sign of Plasticity at Excitatory Synapses
Authors: Wang Lang , Maffei Arianna
Published: January 2014

The broad connectivity of inhibitory interneurons and the capacity of inhibitory synapses to be plastic make them ideal regulators of the level of excitability of many neurons simultaneously. Whether inhibitory synaptic plasticity may also contribute to the selective regulation of single neurons and local microcircuits activity has not been investigated. Here we demonstrate that in rat primary visual cortex inhibitory synaptic plasticity is connection specific and depends on the activation of postsynaptic GABAB–Gi/o protein signaling. Through the activation of this intracellular signaling pathway, inhibitory plasticity can alter the state of a single postsynaptic neuron and directly affect the induction of plasticity at its glutamatergic inputs. This interaction is modulated by sensory experience. Our data demonstrate that in recurrent circuits, excitatory and inhibitory forms of synaptic plasticity are not integrated as independent events, but interact to cooperatively drive the activity-dependent rewiring of local microcircuits.
The Heart-of-Mind Method
Authors: Hammerstrom Erik J.
Published: January 2014

This article uses theory developed in the study of NRMs to analyze strategies of legitimation employed by the Chinese Buddhist Wang Xiangliu (1876–1937) as he sought to spread a new form of esoteric Buddhism in 1930s China. It discusses the specific historical and religious context in which Wang was operating in order to identify the particular tensions between the new Heart-of-Mind Method and the dominant culture. This context resulted in the specific issues that Wang focused on in arguing for the legitimacy of this nascent tradition, which included: 1) claims in society that esoteric Buddhism is “superstitious;” 2) changing cultural and political attitudes toward Japan and Tibet, which were the sources of much esoteric teaching in circulation in China during that period; and 3) the religious demand that any esoteric lineage be based upon a legitimate, traditional lineage which had the potential to undermine apparently sui generis traditions like Wang’s.
Heteroscedastic Ridge Regression Approaches for Genome-Wide Prediction With a Focus on Computational Efficiency and Accurate Effect Estimation
Authors: Hofheinz Nina , Frisch Matthias
Published: January 2014

Ridge regression with heteroscedastic marker variances provides an alternative to Bayesian genome-wide prediction methods. Our objectives were to suggest new methods to determine marker-specific shrinkage factors for heteroscedastic ridge regression and to investigate their properties with respect to computational efficiency and accuracy of estimated effects. We analyzed published data sets of maize, wheat, and sugar beet as well as simulated data with the new methods. Ridge regression with shrinkage factors that were proportional to single-marker analysis of variance estimates of variance components (i.e., RRWA) was the fastest method. It required computation times of less than 1 sec for medium-sized data sets, which have dimensions that are common in plant breeding. A modification of the expectation-maximization algorithm that yields heteroscedastic marker variances (i.e., RMLV) resulted in the most accurate marker effect estimates. It outperformed the homoscedastic ridge regression approach for best linear unbiased prediction in particular for situations with high marker density and strong linkage disequilibrium along the chromosomes, a situation that occurs often in plant breeding populations. We conclude that the RRWA and RMLV approaches provide alternatives to the commonly used Bayesian methods, in particular for applications in which computational feasibility or accuracy of effect estimates are important, such as detection or functional analysis of genes or planning crosses.
The challenging heterogenity of anorexia nervosa. Neurobiological risk factors and possible endophenotypes
Authors: Pászthy Bea , Törzsök-Sonnevend Mária
Published: January 2014

Anorexia nervosa is a serious, chronical state of illness which often starts in childhood or adolescence and has serious consequences on the quality of life. This review focuses on the heterogenity of the disease with emphasis on special diagnostic implications in case of childhood onset. Research findings of the last decade showed that genetic and neurobiological vulnerabilities are at least as potent risk factors as psychological, family constellations and sociocultural preferences. The heritability of eating disorders levels those of diseases predominantly influenced by biological factors. The authors give a summary of the most investigated neurobiologic and neurocognitive factors which could be the fundaments of a biological vulnerablilty. To date, no common risk factor could be identified, but some existing adversities can clearly be related to distinct subgroups with the disorder. The concept of endo- and subphenotypes leads to more specific and more efficiant methods of therapy in other somatic and psychiatric diseases. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(4), 124–131.
Ultrasound examination in childhood: opportunities and new ways
Authors: Kis Éva
Published: January 2014

Everyday use of the modern imaging techniques such as CT, MRI, isotope, PET/CT decreased the reputation and importance of ultrasound. In some cases, ultrasound is only the first exploratory imaging method. Using the latest multi-slice CT, imaging can be performed in seconds, which led to a dramatic increase in the number of CT exams. However, this also means a significant radiation exposure to children, while US still harmless in this regard. In addition, significant progress has been made in ultrasound technology in recent years, which led an improvement in image quality. Children are ideal subjects for US examination as they usually have smaller weight with less body fat. Thus, ultrasound examination is easy to perform with a high frequency transducer resulting in much more detailed and higher resolution than in adults. With adequate equipment and experienced examiner in pediatric radiology, almost all parts of the body can be examined, making this technique as the first (sometimes together with X-ray) and, in most cases, the ultimate imaging exam for the diagnosis. This article will discuss the possibilities where ultrasound performed with a modern device is sufficient for an accurate diagnosis. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(4), 132–140.
Importance of diabetic nephropathy in childhood. Clinical findings and basic research in the past decades
Authors: Fekete Andrea , Vannay Ádám
Published: January 2014

Over the past decades diabetes mellitus is becoming a global pandemia affecting more than 371 million people worldwide. Parallel with the increasing prevalence of type 1 diabetes, there is a growing number of type 2 diabetes cases among children and adolescents that poses new challenges to pediatricians. Diabetic nephropathy is one of the major causes of end stage renal disease, developing in approximately 30% of diabetic patients. However, overt nephropathy is rare in childhood; screening and ongoing assessment for the earliest manifestation of renal injury is extremely important in this young population, as well. Although in the past decades intensive research activity focused on understanding of the pathomechanism of diabetic nephropathy and invention of new therapeutic approaches, prevention and definitive care are still urgently needed. The clinical section of the article summarizes the present state of epidemiology, diagnosis and current therapies of childhood diabetic nephropathy. Then, the authors discuss the state of basic research and show a few promising targets for drug development. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(4), 141–150.
Synthesis of Mercury Cadmium Telluride Nanoparticles by Solvothermal Method
Authors: Arnepalli RangaRao , Dutta Viresh
Published: January 2014

Abstract:Mercury Cadmium Telluride (MCT) nanoparticles were synthesized by Solvothermal method for the first time. Mercury, Cadmium and Tellurium in compound/elemental form were added to Ethylenediamine (solvent) in the Teflon-Stainless-Steel autoclave along with a reducing agent. Different compositions of MCT were synthesized by varying the proportions of Hg and Cd to obtain Hg1-xCdxTe with x varying from 1 to 0. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed the formation of MCT nanoparticles with predominant cubic (111) phase. TEM studies revealed that the average particle size ranged from 10 to15 nm for different compositions.
Avaliação de clones de seringueira quanto à resistência ao oídio
Authors: Tumura Karina Goulart , Pizetta Marília , Silva Lucas Luís da , Furtado Edson Luiz
Published: January 2014

Foi realizada a avaliação de cinco clones comerciais de seringueira em jardim clonal quanto à resistência ao oídio, bem como a flutuação da doença correlacionando-a com as condições climáticas reinantes no período de estudo. Para tal avaliação, foi desenvolvida uma escala diagramática, elaborada a partir de 150 folíolos centrais coletados em diversas idades e níveis de ataque aleatoriamente. A validação da escala foi realizada por cinco avaliadores. Pelos resultados obtidos, todos os clones mostraram suscetibilidade ao patógeno, sendo verificado maior ataque aos folíolos mais jovens. De acordo com os dados climáticos, as temperaturas amenas e umidade relativa abaixo de 60% favoreceram a epidemia.
Resistência genotípica e monitoramento da favorabilidade para ocorrência da ferrugem alaranjada da cana-de-açúcar
Authors: Araújo Kelly Lana , Canteri Marcelo Giovanetti , Gilio Thiago Alexandre Santana , Neubauer Rafael Altrão , Sanches Paulo Bonfim , Sumida Ciro Hideki , Giglioti Éder Antônio
Published: January 2014

A ferrugem alaranjada é atualmente uma das principais doenças da cana-de-açúcar. Redução na produtividade de genótipos suscetíveis e intermediários superiores a 40% foram registradas em muitos países, inclusive no Brasil. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de monitorar os principais genótipos de cana-de-açúcar plantados no Brasil, sob alta pressão de inóculo, quanto à ocorrência e ao desenvolvimento da ferrugem alaranjada. O experimento foi conduzido em área experimental da Usina Univalem, do Grupo Raízen S.A., localizada em Valparaíso (SP). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com 38 tratamentos (genótipos) e quatro repetições. Cada parcela foi constituída por três linhas de cinco metros, espaçadas de 1,4m. Entre cada parcela foi incluída uma linha do genótipo CV14, suscetível à ferrugem alaranjada. A partir da emergência das plantas, todas as parcelas foram monitoradas mensalmente para determinar o início do aparecimento dos sintomas da doença. Depois de constatados os primeiros sintomas, a severidade da ferrugem alaranjada foi quantificada mensalmente na folha +3 em três plantas por parcela. Os meses mais favoráveis para ocorrência da doença foram Fevereiro, Março, Abril e Maio. Foram observados sintomas da ferrugem alaranjada nos genótipos CTC 9, CV 14, RB93-5641, SP842025, RB72-454, SP89-1115, SP81-3250, RB85-5156, CTC 15, RB92-579, SP83-2847 e RB92-5211. Os genótipos SP84-2025 e CV 14 foram os mais suscetíveis à doença. Este trabalho contribui para aperfeiçoar o manejo integrado da ferrugem alaranjada no Brasil, além de auxiliar os programas de melhoramento visando à obtenção de novas variedades resistentes à doença.
Abortos por Neosporacaninum em bovinos do sul de Minas Gerais
Authors: Orlando Débora R. , Costa Rafael C. , Soares Bruno A. , Oliveira Natália S.C. , Nascimento Lismara C. , Peconick Ana P. , Raymundo Djeison L. , Varaschin Mary S.
Published: January 2014

Este estudo avaliou a participação de Neospora caninum em casos de abortos em bovinos provenientes de propriedades rurais da região sul de Minas Gerais por meio de análises histopatológicas, imuno-histoquímicas (IHQ) e pela reação em Cadeia de Polimerase (PCR). O material utilizado foi obtido de um estudo retrospectivo de casos de aborto recebidos pelo Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Lavras e de fetos necropsiados durante os anos de 2011 a 2013. De 60 fetos estudados, 30 (50%) tinham lesões microscópicas. Destes, 19 (63%) apresentaram lesões compatíveis com aborto por N. caninum, caracterizadas principalmente por encefalite não supurativa multifocal, necrose e gliose multifocal, assim como, miocardite e miosite não supurativa. Em 14 fetos chegou-se ao diagnóstico definitivo. Destes, cinco tiveram sua confirmação somente pela marcação IHQ e cinco foram positivos somente na PCR. Quatro fetos foram positivos tanto na IHQ quanto na PCR. Cinco fetos, provenientes do estudo retrospectivo apresentaram lesões compatíveis com N. caninum, mas a presença do protozoário não foi confirmada pela marcação IHQ. Os achados demonstram que o N. caninum é um importante agente associado ao aborto em bovinos na região sul de Minas Gerais. Para tanto, além das lesões microscópicas a associação entre a IHQ e a técnica de PCR foi essencial para a confirmação do diagnóstico.
Respostas fisiológicas e comportamentais de vacas Holandesas mantidas em sistema adiabático evaporativo
Authors: Vilela Reíssa A. , Leme Thays M.C. , Titto Cristiane G. , Fantinato Neto Paulo , Pereira Alfredo M.F. , Balieiro Júlio C.C. , Titto Evaldo A.L.
Published: January 2014

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de recursos de climatização, ventilação e nebulização, sobre a fisiologia e o comportamento de vacas Holandesas alojadas em free-stall, durante o verão do sudeste brasileiro. Foram utilizadas 20 vacas Holandesas submetidas a dois tratamentos com e sem climatização. Os parâmetros ambientais registrados foram temperatura de bulbo seco, umidade relativa do ar e temperatura de globo negro. As variáveis fisiológicas avaliadas foram temperatura retal e frequência respiratória. As variáveis comportamentais registradas foram postura e suas atividades dentro da instalação. Para análise estatística utilizou-se a metodologia de quadrados mínimos por meio do procedimento PROC MIXED e PROC GLM. Apesar das diferenças estatísticas obtidas para as variáveis fisiológicas, as mesmas não foram biologicamente efetivas e indicaram que os animais se encontravam em conforto térmico. Os animais que dispunham de ventilação e nebulização alimentaram-se mesmo nas horas mais quentes do dia. A climatização é uma estratégia que permite maior conforto térmico aos animais e por consequência pode aperfeiçoar a produção leiteira através do aumento no consumo alimentar.
Atividade sérica das enzimas musculares em muares submetidos à prova de resistência de 100 km
Authors: Pereira Neto Evandro , Araújo Anderson L. , Cunha Ligia A. , Barcellos Márcio P. , Spadeto Jr Odael , Coelho Clarisse S.
Published: January 2014

O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a influência do exercício físico de intensidade submáxima sobre as concentrações séricas de aspartato aminotransferase (AST), creatinoquinase (CK) e lactato-desidrogenase (LDH) em muares durante prova de enduro de 100 km realizada no estado do Espírito Santo. Para tal foram obtidas amostras de soro de 20 muares em três momentos assim definidos: no repouso (T0); após 54 km de percurso (T1); após 80 km de percurso (T2); e após 100 km de percurso (T3). As referidas amostras foram encaminhadas ao Laboratório Clínico Veterinário (CEMEVES) para processamento. Na avaliação da atividade sérica de AST, os valores médios registrados nos momentos T0, T1, T2 e T3 foram, respectivamente, de 341,7±73,9 UI/L, 403,1±78,4 UI/L, 410,5±70,5 UI/L e 426,5±66,7 UI/L. Na avaliação da atividade sérica da LDH, os valores médios registrados foram de 423,1±101,8 UI/L, 534,4±131,8 UI/L, 628,5±100,6 UI/L e 823,4±273,2 UI/L, respectivamente, nos momentos T0, T1, T2 e T3. Por fim, na avaliação da atividade sérica da CK os valores de mediana foram de 231,3 UI/L, 310,6 UI/L, 253,2 UI/L e 476,0 UI/L, respectivamente nos momentos T0, T1, T2 e T3. A análise dos resultados demonstrou que o exercício físico imposto levou ao aumento significativo das atividades séricas de AST e LDH e não alterou as concentrações séricas de CK.
De Ana-e-seu-bebê à Ana: um percurso clínico com Winnicott
Authors: Pinheiro Nadja Nara Barbosa
Published: January 2014

Segundo Winnicott, o nascimento de um bebê desencadeia em sua mãe um adoecimento/saudável que permite que esta exerça suas funções fundando condições facilitadoras ao desenvolvimento de seu filho. No caso clínico apresentado, um impasse nessa relação primordial precipitou a entrada em análise e ambos compareciam às sessões apresentando respostas à situação instaurada a partir de planos defensivos diferenciados: o adoecimento físico (bebê) e a fuga à intelectualidade (mãe). Apresentam-se alguns movimentos clínicos entendo-os a partir dos conceitos winnicottianos de integração, personalização, holding, placement e espaço potencial. Finaliza-se tecendo considerações sobre a possibilidade do espaço clínico exercer a função de espaço potencial no interior do qual a unidade mãe/bebê ganhou contornos de diferenciação, demandando, da analista, uma reflexão sobre a função que ocupou nessa cena.
Amizade e bem-estar subjetivo
Authors: Souza Luciana Karine de , Duarte Mônica Grace
Published: January 2014

A amizade contribui para o bem-estar subjetivo (BES), e este estudo buscou analisar a relação entre essas variáveis. Participaram 116 universitários de Belo Horizonte e 116 de Porto Alegre, que responderam aos Questionários McGill de Amizade, escalas PANAS e Escala de Satisfação de Vida. As mulheres apontaram mais satisfação e mais sentimentos positivos com a melhor amizade; a amostra mineira indicou mais sentimentos negativos; a satisfação com a amizade correlacionou positivamente com satisfação de vida e afetos positivos, mas não predisse satisfação de vida. Há uma relação próxima, mas não causal, entre BES e amizade. Uma satisfação conjunta com amizades, família e romance é sugerida pela literatura. A pesquisa no Brasil pode considerar o estudo conjunto desses relacionamentos.
Entre o passado e a história: investigando os conhecimentos históricos de crianças dos anos iniciais em uma escola pública brasileira
Authors: Oliveira Sandra Regina Ferreira de , Cainelli Marlene Rosa
Published: January 2014

Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que teve por objetivo investigar como a escola atua no confronto entre os conhecimentos prévios e os escolarizados na aprendizagem da História. Este estudo é inovador no campo do ensino de História em virtude de sua complexidade em analisar as ideias de crianças no ensino fundamental. Da pesquisa empírica participaram 17 professoras e 26 alunos da rede municipal de ensino da cidade de Londrina, Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Neste artigo, partindo de uma abordagem qualitativa, será apresentada a investigação que se realizou ao longo da pesquisa, pretendendo-se identificar os conhecimentos que as crianças possuem sobre a história da cidade de Londrina. Para tanto, os alunos foram entrevistados em dois momentos: quando frequentavam a segunda série (antes do estudo da História de Londrina) e quando estavam cursando a terceira série (durante o estudo da História de Londrina). Para investigação e análise dos resultados, partiuse de trabalhos realizados por pesquisadores como Lee (2001), Cooper (2002), Barton (2004), Barca (2007) e Schmidt (2010). Os dados analisados indicam possibilidades para a compreensão das ideias dos sujeitos para a construção do conhecimento histórico em aulas de História no ensino fundamental.
A influência dos autores canônicos na autorização do psicanalista
Authors: Franco Wilson de Albuquerque Cavalcanti , Figueiredo Luís Cláudio Mendonça
Published: January 2014

O artigo aborda a forma como se constroem as "autorias" no discurso psicanalítico - considerando, basicamente, as figuras de autor que organizam a composição de um discurso psicanalítico (Klein, Winnicott, Lacan, por exemplo). A partir de uma apresentação do estatuto da autoria na configuração do discurso psicanalítico, o texto questiona a centralidade da repetição de fórmulas com pretensão canônica e a figura geral do dogmatismo na "autorização" do psicanalista. Sugerem-se desdobramentos e reconfigurações dos fenômenos do dogmatismo e da autoridade no discurso psicanalítico.
Participação, desenho institucional e alcances democráticos: uma análise do Conselho das Cidades (ConCidades)
Authors: Brasil Flávia de Paula Duque , Carneiro Ricardo , Barbosa Thiago Pinto , Almeida Mariana Eugenio
Published: January 2014

O artigo aborda a participação social em instituições participativas, com foco no Conselho das Cidades (ConCidades), criado em 2004 no âmbito federal. O trabalho objetiva analisar o desenho institucional do conselho, seus potenciais, limites e alcances, no que se refere aos avanços na construção das políticas urbanas no período 2004-2010. Coloca-se em questão se os elementos do desenho participativo do ConCidades favorecem ou não a realização dos potenciais de inclusão e de democratização das políticas urbanas.O desenvolvimento da pesquisa, realizada em 2010-2011, partiu de aportes no campo da democracia participativa, com ênfase nas instituições participativas, seus potenciais e elementos de variação. Destacando que a participação depende de fatores contextuais, de sua trajetória, do perfil da sociedade civil, do comprometimento do governo e dos desenhos institucionais, dirige-se a atenção para este último aspecto. O modelo analítico ancora-se em Fung (2004; 2006) e estrutura-se em três eixos: (i) participantes, (ii) formas de tomada de decisão e (iii) vinculação das decisões às políticas. A metodologia empregou recursos quali-quanti, realizando levantamentos documentais relativos ao Ministério das Cidades, às políticas urbanas no período e às Conferências das Cidades; neste último caso examinando e sistematizando as atas de suas reuniões e suas resoluções. A pesquisa indica o potencial democrático de o ConCidades engendrar avanços nas políticas urbanas e seus marcos legais, com variações ao longo da trajetória de sua atuação. Em relação ao desenho, salienta-se que a composição e a forma de escolha de representantes, dentre outros elementos, favorecem a inclusão politica e a participação. Evidenciam-se, também, limitações, principalmente seu caráter consultivo em relação às decisões da política, que tem sido objeto de questionamentos societários e propostas de alteração. Para além do desenho participativo, mudanças no âmbito institucional no Ministério e processos de participação na sociedade civil afetaram as práticas participativas e seus desdobramentos. Neste útimo sentido, destaca-se influência dos atores coletivos que integram o Fórum Nacional de Reforma Urbana, por meio de vários processos e repertórios de atuação. De uma perspectiva geral, o trabalho situa-se nos debates sobre as instituições participativas particularmente conselhos , enfatizando o desenho institucional como elemento que pode favorecer ou desfavorecer a participação deliberativa e seus efeitos nas políticas. De forma especifica, contribui ao focalizar uma experiência recente de participação nas políticas urbanas federais, ainda relativamente pouco abordada, passível de aprimoramento.
Cartografias do cosmos: conhecimento, iconografia e artes verbais entre os Marubo
Authors: Cesarino Pedro de Niemeyer
Published: January 2014

Este artigo pretende explorar a relação entre as artes verbais dos Marubo (falantes de pano da Amazônia ocidental) e um repertório de desenhos elaborados por xamãs. Esquemas cosmográficos visuais, os desenhos possuem afinidades com outras tecnologias ameríndias da memória, também marcadas pelo trânsito entre expressões verbais e gráficas. Realizado a pedido do antropólogo, tal repertório de imagens atualiza no suporte gráfico uma composição formular, paralelística e metafórica altamente padronizada. A análise das composições visuais é conduzida em paralelo com o estudo das fórmulas poéticas xamanísticas, levando em conta os problemas da memória, da transmissão, da aprendizagem e da aquisição do conhecimento especializado. O estudo da interface entre imagens e artes verbais se articula a elementos da cosmologia, das noções de pessoa e do pensamento xamanístico marubo.
Estudos organizacionais de aprendizagem e conhecimento à luz das abordagens situada e da tecnociência
Authors: Américo Bruno Luiz , Takahashi Adriana Roseli Wünsch
Published: January 2014

Em virtude das lacunas apontadas pela literatura de conhecimento e aprendizagem organizacional, este artigo constitui uma reflexão sobre conhecimento e aprendizagem organizacional por meio das abordagens situada e da tecnociência. Desse modo, a aprendizagem é considerada uma teoria do movimento organizacional e social, portanto, de caráter processual e relacional. Essa alternativa permite lançar um olhar diferenciado para o fenômeno por meio de duas abordagens ainda incipientes nos estudos da área, uma vez que ambas têm interesse no processo pelo qual um "objeto novo" torna-se um "objeto menos novo". Destaque é dado às obras de Latour, autor que explora os conceitos de agência e tempo/espaço como construídos localmente. A organização é tida, nessa perspectiva, como sistema de autoridade. Um estudo teórico-empírico realizado com plantas industriais é utilizado neste artigo como base para explorar o enfoque dinâmico do conhecimento e para compreender a aprendizagem como parte de uma prática social da vida organizacional. Destaca-se, ainda, o potencial das abordagens situada e da tecnociência para analisar o conhecimento e a aprendizagem organizacional, considerando-os de uma forma mais ampla e relacional, em uma realidade na qual há dinâmica e movimento implícito. Apontam-se as implicações que permanecem, tanto em relação ao conteúdo como à metodologia, e salienta-se a necessidade de novos estudos teóricos e teórico-empíricos.
Incidence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and the physical and physiological quality of soybean seeds based on processing stages
Authors: Teles Heria de Freitas , Pires Larissa Leandro , Cunha Marcos Gomes da , Santos Flavio Pereira dos , Ameloti Neto Francisco
Published: January 2014

Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) is infected by a large number of fungal pathogens, among them white mold agent [Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary]. The objective of this study was to verify the effect of the seed-processing stages on the physical and physiological qualities and on the incidence of S. sclerotiorum in soybean seeds. In this study, seeds from eight cultivars coming from production fields naturally infested in the counties of the State of Goiás, Brazil, from two harvests (2009/2010 and 2010/2011), were used. Samples were collected in the processing stages: hopper, pre-cleaning, discard one (from pre-cleaning), cleaning, sieve classifiers, spiral, gravity table, and discard two (after cleaning until processing ending). The following parameters were evaluated: seed- moisture content, physical purity, germination and tetrazolium. Additional tests and the detection of S. sclerotiorum in paper roll and the neon method were performed. The processing of soybean seeds improves the physical and physiological quality of the seed lots, in addition to eliminating sclerotia. The stages of pre-cleaning and cleaning significantly reduce sclerotia in seed lot. The amount of sclerotia in the sample is not necessarily correlated with the incidence of S. sclerotiorum in mycelial form.