bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal forecast verification and application in times of change
Authors: Levi Yoav , Carmona Itzhak
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Seasonal forecast is being promoted as one of the climate services given to the public and decision makers also in the extra-tropics. However seasonal forecast is a scientific challenge. Rapid changes in climate and the socio-economic environment in the past 30 years introduce even a bigger challenge for the end-users of seasonal forecasts based on the past 30 years. Decision makers should relay on a forecast only if they fully understand the forecast skill and the forecast will not be a completely erroneous.Therefore, the percentage of forecasts for above normal condition that realized to be below normal conditions and vice versa is measured straightforwardly by the "Fiasco score". To overcome the climate and socio-economic environment changes an attempt to relate the next seasonal forecast to the previous season forecast and observed values was tested.The findings indicate that ECMWF system-4 seasonal forecast skill for June-July-August (JJA) temperatures for the marine tropics is very promising as indicated by all the skill scores, including using the previous JJA forecast as the base for the next JJA season. However for the boreal summer temperatures forecast over land, the main source of the model predictability originates from the warming trend along the hindcast period. Over the Middle East and Mongolia removing the temperature trend eliminated the high forecast skill. Evaluation of the ability of the next season forecast to predict the changes relative to the previous year's season has shown a positive skill in some areas compared to the traditional 30 years based climatology after both forecasts and observed data were de-trend.
Contrasting transit times of water from peatlands and eucalypt forests in the Australian Alps determined by tritium: implications for vulnerability and the source of water in upland catchments
Authors: Cartwright Ian , Morgenstern Uwe
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Peatlands are a distinctive and important component of many upland regions that commonly contain distinctive flora and fauna which are different from those of adjacent forests and grasslands. Peatlands also represent a significant long-term store of organic carbon. While their environmental importance has long since been recognised, water transit times within peatlands are not well understood. This study uses tritium (3H) to estimate the mean transit times of water from peatlands and from adjacent gullies that contain eucalypt forests in the Victorian Alps (Australia). The 3H activities of the peatland water range from 2.7 to 3.3 tritium units (TUs), which overlap the measured (2.9 to 3.0 TU) and expected (2.8 to 3.2 TU) average 3H activities of rainfall in this region. Even accounting for seasonal recharge by rainfall with higher 3H activities, the mean transit times of the peatland waters are < 6.5 years and may be less than 2 years. Water from adjacent eucalypt forest streams has 3H activities of 1.6 to 2.1 TU, implying much longer mean transit times of 5 to 29 years. Cation ∕ Cl and Si ∕ Cl ratios are higher in the eucalypt forest streams than the peatland waters and both of these water stores have higher cation ∕ Cl and Si ∕ Cl ratios than rainfall. The major ion geochemistry reflects the degree of silicate weathering in these catchments that is controlled by both transit times and aquifer lithology. The short transit times imply that, unlike the eucalypt forests, the peatlands do not represent a long-lived store of water for the local river systems. Additionally, the peatlands are susceptible to drying out during drought, which renders them vulnerable to damage by the periodic bushfires that occur in this region.
Probabilistic Flood Extent Estimates from Social Media Flood Observations
Authors: Brouwer Tom , Eilander Dirk , van Loenen Arnejan , Booij Martijn J. , Wijnberg Kathelijne M. , Verkade Jan S. , Wagemaker Jurjen
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The increasing number and severity of floods, driven by phenomena such as urbanization, deforestation, subsidence and climate change, creates a growing need for accurate and timely flood maps. This research focussed on creating flood maps using user generated content from Twitter. Twitter data has added value over traditional methods such as remote sensing and hydraulic models, since the data is available almost instantly, in contrast to remote sensing and requires less detail than hydraulic models. Deterministic flood maps created using these data showed good performance (F(2) = 0.69) for a case study in York (UK). For York the main source of uncertainty in the probabilistic flood maps was found to be the error of the locations derived from the Twitter data. Errors in the elevation data and parameters of the applied algorithm contributed less to flood extent uncertainty. Although the generated probabilistic maps tended to overestimate the actual probability of flooding, they gave a reasonable representation of flood extent uncertainty in the area. This study illustrates that inherently uncertain data from social media can be used to derive information about flooding.
Active subglacial lakes and channelized water flow beneath the Kamb Ice Stream
Authors: Kim Byeong-Hoon , Lee Choon-Ki , Seo Ki-Weon , Lee Won Sang , Scambos Ted
Published: December 2016

Abstract. We identify two previously unknown subglacial lakes beneath the stagnated trunk of the Kamb Ice Stream (KIS). Rapid fill-drain hydrologic events over several months are inferred from surface height changes measured by CryoSat-2 altimetry and indicate that the lakes are probably connected by a subglacial drainage network, whose structure is inferred from the regional hydraulic potential and probably links the lakes. The sequential fill-drain behavior of the subglacial lakes and concurrent rapid thinning in a channel-like topographic feature near the grounding line implies that the subglacial water repeatedly flows from the region above the trunk to the KIS grounding line and out beneath the Ross Ice Shelf. Ice shelf elevation near the hypothesized outlet is observed to decrease slowly during the study period. Our finding supports a previously published conceptual model of the KIS shutdown stemming from a transition from distributed flow to well-drained channelized flow of subglacial water. However, a water-piracy hypothesis in which the KIS subglacial water system is being starved by drainage in adjacent ice streams is also supported by the fact that the degree of KIS trunk subglacial lake activity is relatively weaker than those of the upstream lakes.
Victims’ Rights and the Right to Review: A Corollary of the Victim’s Pre-Trial Rights to Justice
Authors: Kirchengast Tyrone
Published: December 2016

In R v Christopher Killick [2011] EWCA Crim 1608, the Criminal Division of the Court of Appeal for England and Wales gave a decision setting out the rights of a crime victim to seek review of a Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) decision not to prosecute and concluded that victims have the right to seek review in such circumstances. This included a recommendation that the right to review should be made the subject of clearer procedures and guidance. This paper discusses article 10 of the Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council, (2011) 2011/0129 (COD) 18 May 2011 establishing minimum standards on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime (see article 11 Final Directive) as applied in the Killick case. The paper further discusses the implementation of Killick in prosecution policy, namely in the CPS guideline on the victims’ right to review (Director of Public Prosecutions for England and Wales 2014). The right to review will be canvassed in light the existing framework of victim rights available during the pre-trial phase and, in particular, the right to private prosecution, access to counsel, and adjunctive and extra-curial rights from declarations or charters of victim rights.
Development of Restorative Justice in China: Theory and Practice
Authors: Shen Yinzhi
Published: December 2016

Restorative justice has become a global social movement for criminal justice reform, with over eighty countries adopting some form of restorative justice program to tackle their crime problems. The theory of restorative justice was introduced to the Chinese academia in 2002. So far, various restorative justice programs have been developed in China. This paper aims to systematically review the development of restorative justice in China by analyzing academic literature on restorative justice and key legislative documentations. Major debates in restorative justice among Chinese scholars and a review of the indigenous restorative justice practice, criminal reconciliation (Xingshi Hejie), are provided. The study also analyzes the impetus of this soaring popularity of restorative justice in China, considering the macro social, political and legal background. Last but not least, a review of the major evaluation studies of current programs reveals that little is known about the process of various restorative justice programs from the parties’ own perspective.
Las sirenas como arquetipos transculturales y como recurso para la educación literaria
Authors: Martos García Aitana
Published: November 2016

A partir de un análisis mitográfico y comparatista, se examinan las distintas representaciones de las sirenas como arquetipos transculturales y los mecanismos que han ido marcando la evolución de su prosopografía, subrayando la importación de los dialogismos y la hibridación. A partir de estas iconologías, se exponen algunos criterios e itinerarios posibles para armar propuestas de intervención didáctica, con énfasis en la crítica feminista. La conclusión es que las múltiples representaciones de sirenas son un ejemplo de "narrativas móviles", en tanto que han sido fruto de influencias culturales, préstamos y transculturaciones de diversa índole. Por tanto, la tradición de sirena se configura como un palimpsesto de identidades susceptibles de ser aprovechadas para la educación literaria de los alumnos.
De objeto de salvación a heroínas de su propia historia. La evolución de las princesas en la literatura infantil actual
Authors: Torres Begines Concepción , Palomo Montiel Estefanía
Published: November 2016

Este artículo se presenta como un análisis del rol de la niña princesa en la literatura infantil en obras publicadas en la última década. Con este fin hemos utilizado las claves presentes en el trabajo de Vladimir Propp: Morfología del cuento para establecer un estudio cuantitativo y descriptivo del cumplimiento de las funciones y el cambio rastreable en los personajes responsables de las acciones. Por último, ofrecemos una breve discusión sobre la necesidad de incluir nuevas lecturas en el área de Didáctica de la Lengua y la Literatura en Educación Infantil y Primaria como herramienta de fomento de la igualdad de género.
Nuevos recursos para el uso de la literatura en lengua inglesa en Educación Infantil y Primaria
Authors: Jiménez Villacorta Patricia
Published: November 2016

La literatura en el aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras es un elemento importante para aportar a los alumnos no sólo un contexto lingüístico, sino también sociocultural. Además, si se escoge bien, es una fuente de placer y entretenimiento, que puede conseguir que los alumnos se motiven y tengan una predisposición más positiva hacia ese idioma, lo cual influye finalmente en una mejora del aprendizaje. Actualmente, las nuevas tecnologías e Internet permiten acercar la literatura a las aulas de una manera más fácil. El objetivo principal de este artículo consiste en la presentación de una serie de nuevos recursos para mejorar la utilización de la literatura en inglés en los centros de Educación Infantil y Primaria.
Branded content versus product placement. Visibilidad, recuerdo y percepción del consumidor
Authors: Formoso Barro María Josefa , Sanjuán Pérez Antonio , Martínez Costa Sandra
Published: November 2016

El product placement ha tenido siempre una alta eficacia, a pesar de ser una de las modalidades publicitarias más cuestionadas por resultar invasiva. El branded content sin embargo, ha contado siempre con mejores valoraciones entre los profesionales de la publicidad, pero queda por conseguir una correcta medición de su eficacia. El presente artículo muestra los resultados de una investigación experimental de tipo comparativo entre las fórmulas publicitarias del product placement y el branded content de un mismo anunciante. La finalidad es la de identificar cuál de los dos métodos resulta más eficiente para la visibilidad y el recuerdo del producto anunciado, así como para la mejora de la percepción emotiva que el espectador tiene de la marca. Para ello se ha realizado un estudio cualitativo con eye tracking y varios cuestionarios de preguntas abiertas y cerradas a dos grupos de usuarios diferentes, expuestos cada uno de ellos a una de las dos modalidades publicitarias. Los resultados del análisis indican que los valores comparativos de visibilidad y recuerdo difieren de los relativos a la percepción emotiva y subjetiva del espectador según el tipo de publicidad utilizada por la marca. Así, mientras el branded content ayuda a mejorar la visibilidad y recuerdo de la marca, los cambios más significativos sobre la percepción emotiva del producto se dan entre los consumidores que la han visto bajo la modalidad del product placement.
La USP como paradigma de la publicidad racionalista
Authors: Fernández Gómez Jorge David , Sanz Marcos Paloma
Published: November 2016

La teoría de la USP (unique selling proposition), se ha configurado a lo largo de la historia publicitaria como referencia en lo que a estrategia publicitaria se refiere. Este artículo trata de ofrecer por un lado, una perspectiva recapituladora de los orígenes y circunstancias que dieron popularidad al concepto y por otro, un análisis de aquellos errores de planteamiento que agilizaron su debilitamiento con la llegada de nuevas teorías como la de la «Imagen de Marca».
El videoclip musical de hip hop en los noventa: análisis de vídeos de la costa este de Estados Unidos
Authors: Balbuena Morilla Ana , Sedeño Valdellós Ana
Published: November 2016

Al igual que ocurre en el spot, cuando se promocionan los beneficios de un producto o marca para conseguir provocar el deseo de éste y su posterior adquisición, en el videoclip musical se promociona el producto de música popular y su emisor/productor, el cantante, a través de mecanismos en los que actúan ciertos códigos audiovisuales de seducción. Por otro lado, criterios relacionados con el género musical se disponen para situar el mensaje en el contexto y como parte de la construcción de un texto-estrella para el artista determinado. Este artículo recoge un análisis sobre los videoclips dentro de la cultura hip hop, concretamente durante la época de los noventa dada su repercusión, ya que fue a principios de ésta cuando se categorizó como género musical. Se muestra un recorrido desde su gestación hasta su época álgida o dorada para entender su complejidad como género musical, seguido de un análisis de la realización y el lenguaje audiovisual de cinco vídeos musicales elaborados entre 1990 y 1999, y representados por artistas de la costa este de EE.UU. Con todo esto se pretende describir tanto técnica como artísticamente cuáles son los arquetipos audiovisuales que rodean a los vídeos musicales de hip hop en ese periodo de tiempo. Hay que destacar que, aunque no se trate de un estudio taxativo, este análisis revela una serie de características y estilemas que se repiten, estableciéndose así una estética audiovisual.
De cómo la publicidad se sirve de la historia del arte
Authors: Mena García Enrique
Published: November 2016

Se pretende con este artículo analizar cómo puede revertir la publicidad desde la óptica de la historia del arte, para proyectarla como medio de conocimiento y aprendizaje de la denominada «alta cultura» frente a la «cultura popular» asociada a la publicidad, con una proyección y uso del diseño que implica una cultura visual del arte, y cuyo fenómeno extendido es la apropiación de obras de arte, que, a la vez, no dejan de ser educativas a la sociedad desde ese ámbito puramente comercial, amparado en un análisis de obras. En las creaciones publicitarias de las últimas décadas hemos comprobado el interés de la publicidad por la historia del arte y todo el prestigio que conlleva al transformarla y adaptarla a la comunicación de consumo. Además, podemos hablar de la preponderancia que obtienen ciertas marcas gracias a esta utilización, y de cómo existe un mayor vínculo en la publicidad de ciertos artistas referentes, que están consagrados en la historia del arte.
Impact of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Innovation: Telecommunication Sector of Pakistan
Authors: Malik Muhammad Yousaf , Awan Aon Waqas
Published: November 2016

This study aims at finding out how transformational leadership effects the organizational innovation in leading telecommunication companies of Pakistan. The study used a well-established questionnaire for data collection. The data was collected through convenient sampling from 120 mid-level and high-level managers of telecommunication organizations. The study not only relied on emphasis of descriptive statistics but regression was run to analyze the data. The results exhibit that transformational leadership has a constructive and substantial impact on organizational innovation in the deliberated context. This study is deemed to guide the Pakistan’s Telecommunication sector to improve the way management can yield more value from their employees. It also shows the impact of globally recognized knowledge can work in varying cultures and contexts.
Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging in the Management of the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System
Authors: Parmeggiani Francesco , De Nadai Katia , Piovan Angela , Binotto Andrea , Zamengo Sara , Chizzolini Marzio
Published: November 2016

Purpose

To report a real-life experience with the Argus II retinal prosthesis system in blind patients with end-stage retinitis pigmentosa (RP) or choroideremia (CHM), focusing on the pivotal role of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in both preoperative and postoperative management.

Methods

This hospital-based case series included 3 blind patients who were uneventfully implanted with Argus II epiretinal device. These patients (2 with RP and 1 with CHM) were selected during the Argus™ II Retinal Prosthesis System PostMarket Surveillance Study Protocol. Complete screening procedures had involved 66 eyes of 33 patients afferent to the Center for Retinitis Pigmentosa of the Veneto Region.

Results

Preoperative OCT examination resulted in the exclusion of 8 eyes in 4 patients with bilateral posterior staphyloma diagnosing unexpected staphylomatous macular patterns in 2 patients with RP and no sign of pathologic myopia. Postoperative OCT study of Argus II proximity to retinal surface indicated a plausible correlation between electrode–retina distance and perceptual threshold in 2 of our 3 patients. In particular, during the first 6 months of follow-up, the patient with the closest contact between device and macula showed a continuous vision-related improvement in the performance of several real-life tasks.

Conclusions

The present findings illustrate the modalities by which each different OCT examination is an essential tool to optimize safety and efficacy profiles during Argus II protocol. Optical coherence tomography will be crucial for future investigative approaches on patient selection criteria and next-generation implant design.
Peripapillary Choroidal Thickness by Enhanced Depth Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography: The Impact of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Loureiro Mónica , Braga Ana Cristina , Meira Dália , Sepúlveda Paula , Agrelos Luís , Torres Paulo
Published: November 2016

Purpose

To assess the impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on the peripapillary choroidal thickness (PPCT) and to characterize the PPCT in a Portuguese population.

Methods

This prospective study included 104 eyes. Detailed medical and ophthalmic examinations were performed; the PPCT was measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) using enhanced depth imaging (EDI) modality. The PPCT changes with MetS, as well as with other clinical and demographic factors, were investigated.

Results

The mean PPCT was 142.4 ± 54.0 µm (58-303 µm); it was thickest superiorly, followed by the temporal, nasal, and inferior sectors. The PPCT was significantly associated with axial length (p<0.001), age (p = 0.001), intraocular pressure (IOP) (p = 0.041), weight (p = 0.015), and arterial hypertension (p = 0.044). The presence of MetS was associated with thinner PPCT in all sectors, being statistically significant in the temporal (p = 0.032) and inferotemporal (p = 0.034) sectors.

Conclusions

The choroidal thickness was significantly less in temporal and inferotemporal sectors in patients with MetS than in controls. This may suggest vascular insufficiency around the optic nerve head.
Patient-Reported outcomes after Revision Surgery Compared to Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Postler Anne E. , Beyer Franziska , Wegner Tim , Lützner Jörg , Hartmann Albrecht , Ojodu Ishaq , Günther Klaus-Peter
Published: November 2016

Introduction

Patients who undergo either primary or revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) mainly expect improvement in pain, function/activity and quality of life. The purpose of the study was to measure the degree of short-term and medium-term improvement and the differences in patient-reported outcome that can be expected in patients undergoing revision THA, compared to patients undergoing primary THA.

Methods

In this study, the results of patient-reported outcome measurements were compared in 124 matched patients, who underwent revision surgery and primary THA between 01/2007 and 12/2009. Assessment was performed at short-term and medium-term follow-up and included the WOMAC score, the UCLA activity score and EuroQol scores.

Results

6 months after revision THA, the mean total WOMAC score improved by 22.1 points, the UCLA activity score by 0.6 points and the EuroQol-Index by 0.2 points. After primary THA, the improvement was 41.4 points on the WOMAC, 1.1 points on the UCLA and 0.3 points on the EuroQol-Index. At medium-term follow-up, 3.6 years after revision surgery and 2.3 years after primary THA, patients undergoing revision THA showed significantly less overall improvement, as well as lower final outcome scores, than patients undergoing primary THA.

Conclusions

Patients undergoing revision arthroplasty, as well as patients undergoing primary THA, can expect major improvement in function, activity and quality of life postoperatively. However, overall level of improvement, as well as peak attainable outcome levels, are lower after revision surgery than after primary THA. Appropriate information for patients who undergo hip revision surgery is necessary in order to avoid unrealistic expectations and postoperative dissatisfaction.
Comparison of Anatomic Vs. Straight Femoral Stem Design in Total Hip Replacement - Femoral Canal Fill in Vivo
Authors: de Boer Friso A. , Sariali Elhadi
Published: November 2016

Introduction

The femoral canal fill between an anatomic and a straight prosthesis design in cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) was compared. We hypothesised that the anatomic SPS stem has higher proximal fill and lesser distal fill than the straight stem.

Material and methods

The femoral canal fill was measured on 3 months routine postoperative x-rays at 5 levels of the stem in 50 consecutive patients, aged 35-83 years, who underwent 56 THA procedures by a single surgeon in this hospital. 22 patients received a straight design Ceramconcept Global stem, 34 patients received an anatomic design Symbios SPS stem. Both anteroposterior (AP) and lateral x-rays were combined to suggest a 3-D measurement.

Results

On the AP x-rays, the canal fill was significantly higher using the anatomic design stem at the proximal measurement levels, and was significantly higher at the distal levels using the straight stem. With the AP and lateral x-rays combined, the canal fill at the proximal levels was also significantly higher in the anatomic groups, nonsignificantly lower at the central level and significantly lower at the distal levels.

Discussion

In THA surgery, achieving high fill at the metaphysis of the femur and less fill at the diaphysis has been suggested to result in satisfactory outcome and high stability of the prosthesis. This study demonstrated that, compared to straight stem design, an anatomically designed stem has a significantly higher metaphyseal femoral canal fill.
Anterior Iliopsoas Impingement due to a Malpositioned Acetabular Component - Effective Relief by Surgical Cup Reorientation
Authors: Schoof Benjamin , Jakobs Oliver , Schmidl Stefan , Lausmann Christian , Fensky Florian , Beckmann Johannes , Gehrke Thorsten , Gebauer Matthias
Published: November 2016

Background

Determining the aetiology of persistent pain following total hip arthroplasty (THA) can be challenging. Impingement of the iliopsoas muscle due to a malpositioned acetabular component after THA might be a potential cause of postoperative groin pain.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed the data of 12 consecutive patients from our orthopaedic department who underwent cup revision for painful iliopsoas impingement after primary THA.

Results

Thorough physical examination as well as radiological assessment of the included patients revealed that malpositioning of the acetabular component provoked iliopsoas impingement. The Harris Hip Score and the orientation of the acetabular component before and after surgical revision at an average follow-up of 56 months were analysed.

Conclusions

We were able to demonstrate that surgical cup revision and reorientation resulted in distinctly improved scores and is a feasible option to effectively treat persistent iliopsoas impingement due to a malpositioned acetabular component following THA.
A Retrospective Analysis of the Merits and Challenges Associated with Simultaneous Bilateral THA using the Direct Anterior Approach
Authors: Brown Matthew L. , Plate Johannes F. , Holst David C. , Bracey Daniel N. , Bullock Matthew W. , Lang Jason E.
Published: November 2016

Introduction

15%-20% of patients presenting for total hip arthroplasty (THA) have bilateral disease. While simultaneous bilateral THA is of interest to patients and surgeons, debate persists regarding its merits. The majority of previous reports on simultaneous bilateral THA involve patients in the lateral decubitus position, which require repositioning, prepping and draping, and exposure of a fresh wound to pressure and manipulation for the contralateral THA. The purpose of this study was to compare complications, component position, and financial parameters for simultaneous versus staged bilateral THAs using the direct anterior approach (DAA).

Methods

Medical records were reviewed for patient demographics, medical history, operative time, estimated blood loss (EBL), change in hemoglobin, transfusion, tranexamic acid (TXA) use, length of stay (LOS), discharge disposition, leg length discrepancy, acetabular cup position, and perioperative complications. Cost and reimbursement data were analysed.

Results

44 patients were included in the sequential group and fifteen patients in the simultaneous group. Operative time, EBL, hemoglobin drop, transfusion rate, and LOS were significantly increased for simultaneous group. There was no significant difference in component position, complications, or readmissions between groups. Profit per hip was significantly higher for the simultaneous group.

Discussion

While simultaneous DAA THA presents challenges, our results suggest that simultaneous DAA THA may add value to the healthcare system without resulting in increased complications compared to sequential hip arthroplasty.
High Proximal Migration in Cemented Acetabular Revisions Operated with Bone Impaction Grafting; 47 Revision Cups Followed with RSA for 17 Years
Authors: Mohaddes Maziar , Herberts Peter , Malchau Henrik , Johanson Per-Erik , Kärrholm Johan
Published: November 2016

Background

Bone impaction grafting is a biologically and mechanically appealing option in acetabular revision surgery, allowing restitution of the bone stock and restoration of the biomechanics. We analysed differences in proximal migration of the revision acetabular components when bone impaction grafting is used together with a cemented or an uncemented cup.

Patients and Methods

43 patients (47 hips), revised due to acetabular loosening and judged to have less than 50% host bone-implant contact were included. The hips were randomised to either an uncemented (n = 20) or a cemented (n = 27) revision cup. Radiostereometry and radiography was performed postoperatively, at 3 and 6 months, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 13 and 17 years postoperatively. Clinical follow-up was performed at 1, 2 and 5 years postoperatively and thereafter at the same interval as in the radiographic follow-up.

Results

here were no differences in the base line demographic data between the 2 groups. At the last follow-up (17 years) 14 hips (10 cemented, 4 uncemented) had been re-revised due to loosening. 3 additional cups (1 uncemented and 2 cemented) were radiographically loose. There was a higher early proximal migration in the cemented cups.

Discussion

Cups operated on with cement showed a higher early migration measured with RSA and also a higher number of late revisions. The reason for this is not known, but factors such as inclusion of cases with severe bone defects, use of smaller bone chips and issues related to the impaction technique might have had various degrees of influence.
Th2 Cells and Th17 Cells in the Development of Endometriosis – Possible Roles of Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-17A
Authors: Osuga Yutaka , Hirota Yasushi , Hirata Tetsuya , Takamura Masashi , Urata Yoko , Harada Miyuki , Izumi Gentaro , Fujii Tomoyuki , Koga Kaori
Published: November 2016

Endometriosis is recognized as an inflammatory disease in which inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β and TNFα, play important roles. Immunological factors are also suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. This review provides comprehensive knowledge about helper T cell (Th cell) and its specific cytokines in endometriosis. A series of our studies demonstrated the presence of Th2 cells and Th17 cells in endometriotic tissues and revealed multiple effects of IL-4 and IL-17A, cytokines secreted from respective Th cells. IL-1β induces secretion of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a regulator for differentiation of inflammatory Th2 cells, in endometriotic stromal cells (ESCs). IL-4 stimulates proliferation of ESCs and production of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase Type 2, an enzyme in an estrogen production pathway, in ESCs. IL-17A stimulates IL-8 and Gro-α secretion from ESCs and proliferation of ESCs. IL-17A-induced Gro-α promotes neutrophil migration, which may contribute to the presence of neutrophils in endometriotic tissues. IL-17A also increases secretion of CCL20, a chemokine for Th17 cells, from ESCs, which seems to induce migration of Th17 cells to the endometriotic tissues and enhance the effects of IL-17A further. TNFα in combination with IL-17A synergistically enhances secretion of IL-8 and CCL-20, suggesting cooperation of inflammation and Th17 immune response. These findings suggest that IL-4 and IL-17A promote the development of endometriosis through induction of cell proliferation, inflammation, and estrogen production. It is thus also suggested that IL-4 and IL-17A would be a target of treatment of the disease.
Female Primary Bladder Neck Obstruction: Role of Videourodynamics and Treatment Options in a Rare Clinical Entity
Authors: Ammirati Enrico , Manassero Alberto , Giammò Alessandro , Marson Francesco , Gurioli Alberto , Carone Roberto
Published: November 2016

Introduction

Primary female bladder neck obstruction is a rare clinical condition characterized by the absence/incomplete bladder neck opening during the voiding phase of micturition.

Methods

We present the cases of two women complaining dysuria, abdominal straining and sensation of incomplete bladder emptying. Videourodynamic evaluation was fundamental for a correct diagnosis.

Results

Videourodynamic evaluation showed a high detrusor pressure during emptying phase, partial use of abdominal strain, very low urine flow rate and significant postvoid residual; imaging showed a defect in the physiological funneling of the bladder neck, absent or incomplete. The first step therapy is represented by oral alpha-blockers and clean intermittent self-catheterization in case of high postvoid residual. Surgical operations, such as bladder neck incision and resection, represent the last option.

Conclusions

In our experience, bladder neck obstruction is a rare condition in women and only a complete clinical evaluation associated with videourodynamic study can lead to an appropriate diagnosis and treatment.
Brand Selection and Its Matrix Structure―Expansion of its Block Matrix to the Third Order Lag―
Authors: Takeyasu Kazuhiro
Published: November 2016

Focusing that consumers’ are apt to buy superior brand when they are accustomed or bored to use current brand, new analysis method is introduced. Before buying data and after buying data is stated using liner model. When above stated events occur, transition matrix becomes upper triangular matrix. In this paper, equation using transition matrix stated by the Block Matrix is expanded to the third order lag and the method is newly re-built. These are confirmed by numerical examples. S-step forecasting model is also introduced. This approach makes it possible to identify brand position in the market and it can be utilized for building useful and effective marketing plan.
A new era of treatment for patients with haemophilia A?
Authors: Klamroth Robert
Published: November 2016

Treatment and prevention of bleeding episodes in patients with severe haemophilia A require frequent intravenous injection of factor VIII. Inhibitory antibodies against factor VIII occur in approximately 30 % of these patients during the first exposure days and immune tolerance induction to eradicate the inhibitor is challenging. Prevention of bleeds in patients with haemophilia A and inhibitors is less effective and there is ongoing research for alternative treatment options. A promising approach in 2016 is the development of emicizumab (ACE910), a bispecific IgG antibody to factor IXa and factor X, that mimics the cofactor function of factor VIII. Due to the different structure of this antibody it cannot be neutralized by factor VIII inhibitors and has the possibility to achieve haemostasis in patients with severe haemophilia A with and without inhibitors. First studies in healthy volunteers and in patients showed a shortened activated partial thromboplastin time and increased peak height of thrombin generation in a dose-dependent manner. The halflife of the drug was 4 to 5 weeks. There were no clinical signs of thrombosis and no laboratory abnormalities indicating hypercoagulability. In a first study with 18 patients with severe haemophilia A with and without inhibitors a remarkable reduction in the annualised bleeding rate occurred. Safety of the drug has to be proven in ongoing research. Mimicking the cofactor activity of factor VIII by a bispecific antibody for the treatment of severe haemophilia A is so far safe and seems to be effective and is one highlight in haemostasis 2016.
Developmental and Implementation Challenges of E-Learning Management Systems in Higher Education
Authors: Davidovitch Nitza , Belichenko Margaryta
Published: November 2016

The competition that exists today in the labour market has significantly raised the value of knowledge, skills and experience of staff. This particular importance for the modern professional acquire fluency in its modern information technology and the ability to continuously improve the skills. The actual trend is also for university teachers. Getting new knowledge and skills practically useful and applicable in daily teaching activities, in the era of information society significantly expands opportunities for self-realization and contributions to career growth. However, in implementing the model of continuous training of teachers for careers there are some significant obstacles. One of them, given the intense schedule of the educational process in terms of academic mobility is the lack of time. Another the geographical factor. With the location of the university in another city, its visit is inconvenient and expensive. Experience of universities of many countries shows that an effective tool to overcome these obstacles is distance learning, which allows to get all necessary knowledge at any time and in any place. The identity of urgency takes in terms of academic mobility when students andteachers work in another country. The paper proposes a methodological approach that takes into account these features. The paper deals with the structuring of project management programs of academic mobility. The features of these projects show their impact on the progress and results of the implementation. It is shown that traditional approaches to solving the problems of academic mobility management applications to integrate the process of setting objectives and planning projects. But due to the complexity of academic mobility programs to solve these problems effectively without decomposing it into components can be managed quite difficult. Therefore, the main idea of this paper is that an increasing the efficiency of the university on the basis of a possible application of rational structuring of academic mobility programs. The features of these projects shows their impact on the progress and results of their implementation and the ways of construction of project management distance learning systems.

The paper presents the analyse of thestructure of scientific and methodological basis of project management systems. In this structure are identified two parts: creation tool to identify knowledge users and how they change, and the creation of information tools effect on these people. The model determines the effect of academic mobility project management tools through knowledge of business administration at the progress of the educational projects.
Students’ and Teacher’s Experiences of the Validity and Reliability of Assessment in a Bioscience Course
Authors: Räisänen Milla , Tuononen Tarja , Postareff Liisa , Hailikari Telle , Virtanen Viivi
Published: November 2016

This case study explores the assessment of students’ learning outcomes in a second-year lecture course in biosciences. The aim is to deeply explore the teacher’s and the students’ experiences of the validity and reliability of assessment and to compare those perspectives. The data were collected through stimulated recall interviews. The results showed that grades did not always reflect the learning outcomes and that the intended level of understanding was not always measured. In addition, the teacher and the students thought that the assessment criteria were unclear, which in turn led to the unreliability of the assessment. These problems with the validity and reliability of assessment led to perceptions that the assessment was unfair. The results imply that grades should be critically evaluated as indicators of the quality of learning outcomes. In addition, practical implications are discussed.
Perceived Connections between Anti-Social Gateway Behaviors and School Bullying and Culture
Authors: Grell Brett Stanley , Meyer Richard C.
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine and compare opinions of 8th and 9th grade teachers and students regarding the prevalence of anti-social/gateway behaviors in their classrooms, the perceived connection between these behaviors and more traditional forms of bullying, and the potential impact of school-wide anti-bullying programs specifically designed to address these behaviors. A sample of convenience from one middle school and one high school from a suburban Midwestern school district were selected to participate in this qualitative study. Researchers found that over 80% of students have witnessed or been involved in anti-social behaviors, and over 70% of students, higher among females, believed that a school-wide program would lessen the amount of more extreme forms of bullying, while over 90% of teachers agreed that such a program would lessen extreme forms of bullying. The authors conclude that proactive, building-wide plans for addressing anti-social/gateway behaviors could be reduce the amount of overt bullying and positively impact the overall culture of the school.
Experimental Investigation of the Hyperfine Structure of Neutral Praseodymium Spectral Lines and Discovery of New Energy Levels
Authors: Khan Shamim , Siddiqui Imran , Iqbal Syed Tanweer , Uddin Zaheer , Guthöhrlein G. H. , Windholz L.
Published: November 2016

Experimental investigations of Pr I spectral lines were performed by means of laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy, using a hollow cathode discharge lamp as source of free atoms. The wavelengths for the laser excitation were found by the help of a highly resolved Fourier transform spectrum. Altogether we excited 236 unclassified lines and analysed their hyperfine structure, which led, together with the measured wavelengths of the observed fluorescence lines, to the discovery of 32 new even parity and 38 odd parity fine structure energy levels. These levels allow to classify more than 670 spectral lines of Pr I. The wave number calibrated Fourier transform spectrum allowed us to determine the energies of most of these newly discovered levels with an uncertainty of 0.015 cm-1. Angular momenta, parity, and magnetic and electric hyperfine interaction constants (A and B) of the new levels were also determined.
Augmented Stabilized and Galerkin Least Squares Formulations
Authors: Ranjan Rakesh , Feng Yusheng , Chronopolous Anthony Theodore
Published: November 2016

We study incompressible fluid flow problems with stabilized formulations. We introduce an iterative penalty approach to satisfying the divergence free constraint in the Streamline Upwind Petrov Galerkin (SUPG) and Galerkin Least Squares (GLS) formulations, and prove the stability of the formulation. Equal order interpolations for both velocities and pressure variables are utilized for solving problems as opposed to div-stable pairs used earlier. Higher order spectral/$hp$ approximations are utilized for solving two dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) problems with the new formulations named as the Augmented SUPS (ASUPS) and Augmented Galerkin Least Squares (AGLS) formulations. Excellent conservation of mass properties are observed for the
problem with open boundaries in confined enclosures. Inexact Newton Krylov methods are used as the non-linear solvers of choice for the problems studied. Faithful representations
of all fields of interest are obtained for the problems tested.
Approximation of a Second-order Elliptic Equation with Discontinuous and Highly Oscillating Coefficients by Finite Volume Methods
Authors: Ondami Bienvenu
Published: November 2016

In this paper we consider the numerical approximation of a class of second order elliptic boundary value problems with discontinuous and highly periodically oscillating coefficients. We apply both classical and modified finite volume methods for the approximate solution of this problem. Error estimates depending on $\varepsilon$ the parameter involved in the periodic homogenization are established. Numerical simulations for one-dimensional problem confirm the theorical results and also show that the modified scheme has a smaller constant of convergence than the classical scheme based on harmonic averaging for this class of equations.
Computable Error Bounds for a Class of Boundary Value Problems: a Coefficients Perturbation Approach
Authors: El Daou Mohamed K. , Al-Hamdan Ahmad R.
Published: November 2016

This paper is concerned with computing  upper and lower bounds for the error committed when some boundary value problems are approximated by means of numerical techniques  based on the Coefficients Perturbation Methods. These computed bounds are expressed in terms of the perturbations introduced in the differential equation and in the prescribed boundary conditions associated with it. Numerical examples demonstrating the sharpness of our results are given.
Mathematical Models of Refugee Immigration and Recommendations of Policies
Authors: Cheng Qilong , Yu Tiancheng , Yan Jingkai , Wang Ru
Published: November 2016

Over the past two years, the refugee crisis resulted from the racial conflict, persecution, generalized violence and violations of human rights has forced an enormous number of refugees to flee to Europe. Aiming to address the problem caused by the flow of refugees, we analyzed the actual procedure of their movement and divide it into three major stages. We designed the gathering model, the entering model, the transferring model, even the health and safety model. Finally, we used the models described above to complete our assigned tasks. Also we put forward seven major policy recommendations to the committee. We accompanied every policy with a straightforward explanation so that people without any technical background can easily understand our insights. The main strength of our model is that it can forecast the flow of immigration and provide meaningful suggestions policies for refugees. With the help of modern computing software, we can track the current tendency and make judges efficiently.
The Importance of Art-Based Curriculum in Peace Education
Authors: Barkhordari Mahin , Nasrabadi Hasanali Bakhtyar , Heidari Mohammad Hossein , Neyestani Mohammad Reza
Published: November 2016

The present study aimed to draw attentions toward the importance of art-based curriculum in peace education. Arts education can nurture humanitarian and peaceable children. However, arts education and its effect on developing ethical skills, compassion, sympathy and peace have been neglected in many societies. In this research, by analytical-descriptive method, the interaction between arts education and peace education has been explained. The main finding of this research is that Arts education through various methods including visual arts, performing arts, cinema, and music provides different methods for revolutionizing the mind. Therefore, the role of content mediation of art for understandability of the truth about peace could not be neglected. Art as content becomes the mediator for understanding and nurturing peace.
La richesse floristique des friches du Parc national de Frontenac
Authors: Pellerin Stéphanie , Duquesne Théo , Omelczuk Walter Clarissa , Pasquet Salomé
Published: November 2016

La plupart des parcs nationaux situés dans le sud du Québec comportent des vestiges des anciennes activités agricoles, et notamment de nombreuses friches. Afin de connaître la richesse floristique des friches du Parc national de Frontenac (situé à la jonction des Cantons-de-l’Est et de Chaudière-Appalaches) et d’identifier les facteurs régissant leur composition, leur flore a été inventoriée à la fin de l’été 2012 au sein de 165 placettes d’échantillonnage réparties dans 40 parcelles de friches. Des analyses d’espèces indicatrices de l’âge des friches ont été réalisées ainsi que des analyses de redondance. Au total, 209 espèces ont été identifiées, dont seulement 37 étaient d’origine exotique. Cette richesse correspond à plus de la moitié de toutes les espèces recensées pour l’ensemble du parc. Les espèces indicatrices des jeunes friches (< 25  ans) étaient toutes des herbacées exotiques, tandis que celles indicatrices des vieilles friches (≥ 25 ans) étaient surtout des herbacées indigènes. La composition floristique des friches était surtout expliquée par le temps depuis l’arrêt des activités agricoles et le pH du sol. Nous recommandons de favoriser le retour des friches vers la forêt, mais d’en conserver quelques-unes à un stade herbacé pour maintenir la richesse floristique du secteur.