bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunomodulatory Properties of Stem Cells in Periodontitis: Current Status and Future Prospective
Authors: Wang Mengyuan , Xie Jiang , Wang Cong , Zhong Dingping , Xie Liang , Fang Hongzhi
Published: July 2020

Periodontitis is the sixth-most prevalent chronic inflammatory disease and gradually devastates tooth-supporting tissue. The complexity of periodontal tissue and the local inflammatory microenvironment poses great challenges to tissue repair. Recently, stem cells have been considered a promising strategy to treat tissue damage and inflammation because of their remarkable properties, including stemness, proliferation, migration, multilineage differentiation, and immunomodulation. Several varieties of stem cells can potentially be applied to periodontal regeneration, including dental mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs), nonodontogenic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In particular, these stem cells possess extensive immunoregulatory capacities. In periodontitis, these cells can exert anti-inflammatory effects and regenerate the periodontium. Stem cells derived from infected tissue possess typical stem cell characteristics with lower immunogenicity and immunosuppression. Several studies have demonstrated that these cells can also regenerate the periodontium. Furthermore, the interaction of stem cells with the surrounding infected microenvironment is critical to periodontal tissue repair. Though the immunomodulatory capabilities of stem cells are not entirely clarified, they show promise for therapeutic application in periodontitis. Here, we summarize the potential of stem cells for periodontium regeneration in periodontitis and focus on their characteristics and immunomodulatory properties as well as challenges and perspectives.
Effect of COVID-19 on Emergent Stroke Care
Authors: Hsiao Jessica , Sayles Emily , Antzoulatos Eleni , Stanton Robert J. , Sucharew Heidi , Broderick Joseph P. , Demel Stacie L. , Flaherty Matthew L. , Grossman Aaron W. , Kircher Charles , Kreitzer Natalie , Peariso Katrina , Prestigiacomo Charles J. , Shirani Peyman , Walsh Kyle B. , Lampton Holly , Adeoye Opeolu , Khatri Pooja
Published: July 2020

Background and Purpose:

Anecdotal evidence suggests that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic mitigation efforts may inadvertently discourage patients from seeking treatment for stroke with resultant increased morbidity and mortality. Analysis of regional data, while hospital capacities for acute stroke care remained fully available, offers an opportunity to assess this. We report regional Stroke Team acute activations and reperfusion treatments during COVID-19 mitigation activities.

Methods:

Using case log data prospectively collected by a Stroke Team exclusively serving ≈2 million inhabitants and 30 healthcare facilities, we retrospectively reviewed volumes of consultations and reperfusion treatments for acute ischemic stroke. We compared volumes before and after announcements of COVID-19 mitigation measures and the prior calendar year.

Results:

Compared with the 10 weeks prior, stroke consultations declined by 39% (95% CI, 32%–46%) in the 5 weeks after announcement of statewide school and restaurant closures in Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana. Results compared with the prior year and time trend analyses were consistent. Reperfusion treatments also appeared to decline by 31% (95% CI, 3%–51%), and specifically thrombolysis by 33% (95% CI, 4%–55%), but this finding had less precision.

Conclusions:

Upon the announcement of measures to mitigate COVID-19, regional acute stroke consultations declined significantly. Reperfusion treatment rates, particularly thrombolysis, also appeared to decline qualitatively, and this finding requires further study. Urgent public education is necessary to mitigate a possible crisis of avoiding essential emergency care due to COVID-19.
Weaving the Body and the Cosmos
Authors: Apffel-Marglin Frédérique , Jean Julia A.
Published: July 2020

This paper explores the cultural context and ecological implications of two menstrual festivals in northeastern India: Rajaparba in Orissa and Ambuvaci in Kamakhya, Assam. We argue that these festivals are extremely fruitful sites to explore questions of women and power in religious communities where the Goddess is a central focus as well as their ecological implications for an integral worldview. These festivals, usually held at the beginning of the monsoon when the Hindu Goddess menstruates, are times when the earth is regenerated, when the body of the Goddess is regenerated, and when women and communities are regenerated in various ways. Participants report that pilgrimages to these festivals are indeed transformative and have positive impacts on their lives. As a result, we critique feminist arguments that claim that Hinduism is the basis for women’s social disempowerment, and as a result, the only meaningful social change must occur on a secular basis. We also use these festivals to critique contemporary feminist developmentalist ideologies.
On the identities of Nepinnotheres vicajii (Chhapgar, 1957) and Arcotheres casta (Antony & Kuttyamma, 1971) from western India: conspecificity and taxonomy (Decapoda, Brachyura, Pinnotheridae)
Authors: TRIVEDI JIGNESHKUMAR N. , GOSAVI SWAPNIL , VACHHRAJANI KAURESH D. , MITRA SANTANU , RAVINESH RAVEENDHIRAN , NG PETER K. L.
Published: July 2020

The identity of Nepinnotheres vicajii (Chhapgar, 1957) (described as Pinnotheres vicajii) (Pinnotheridae), a pea crab associated with the bivalve Marcia recens (Holten, 1802), is clarified. On the basis of re-diagnosis of holotype male and freshly collected female specimens from its type locality, P. vicajii is now assigned to Arcotheres Manning, 1993. A second poorly known species from India, Arcotheres casta (Antony & Kuttyamma, 1971), originally collected from Meretrix casta (Gmelin, 1791) is also synonymized with A. vicajii.
Molecular data provide new insights into the phylogeny of Cladonotinae (Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea) from China with the description of a new genus and species
Authors: ZHANG RONG-JIAO , ZHAO CONG-LIN , WU FEI-PENG , DENG WEI-AN
Published: July 2020

Considerable effort has been devoted to elucidating the phylogenetic relationships of tetrigides. However, there is still no commonly accepted phylogenetic hypothesis. Therefore, the phylogenetic relationships among some subfamilies remain unclear; e.g., Cladonotinae is a controversial group, in which the phylogenetic relationships between genera and the boundaries of some of the included genera are unclear, causing some of the taxa to be difficult to identify. Therefore, an in-depth phylogenetic analysis of Cladonotinae is urgently needed. In this study, a robust phylogenetic framework for the tetrigides was reconstructed based on the combined mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA), and nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene sequences of 25 species belonging to 16 genera of Tetrigoidea from China, which included 13 species from 8 genera of Cladonotinae. Phylogenetic inferences were performed using the combined dataset and Bayesian inference (BI) and Maximum Parsimony (MP) methods, and the phylogenetic tree of Cladonotinae was reconstructed. All inferences based on the results of the present study supported the Cladonotinae subfamily as a polyphyletic group; within the Cladonotinae subfamily, Tetradinodula, and Tuberfemurus were closely related to Tetriginae, while Austrohancockia and Gibbotettix showed a close relationship to the Scelimenidae subfamily. Additionally, a new genus and new species of the Cladonotinae subfamily are described and illustrated: Hainantettix Deng, gen. nov. and Hainantettix strictivertex Deng, sp. nov.
The Use of Paravertebral Analgesia in the Management of Pain in the Elderly Patient With Rib Fractures
Authors: Wasfie Tarik , Howell Adam , Cwalina N , Yapchai Raquel , Hille Jennifer , Hella Jennifer , Shapiro Brian , Barber Kimberly R.
Published: July 2020

Background

Elderly patients with rib fractures carry a high morbidity rate, particularly due to pulmonary complications as decreased respiratory efforts ensue secondary to pain. Risk of bleeds in the elderly on anticoagulant therapy is high. The effort to reduce narcotic use in patients is now a health care priority. We propose that the use of paravertebral analgesia (PVA) pumps is an alternative pain control method with less risk and easy placement.

Methods

Two hundred and seventy-nine patients were admitted with multiple fractured ribs to the Trauma Center of Community Hospital and treated with the application of continuous PVA via a pump (72 patients). Pain scores were recorded before and after the initiation of the pump. These patients were compared with a group of the remaining 207 patients who received intravenous narcotics only.

Results

The mean change from baseline in pain scores for all patients was 1.43 (SD = 2.75). The mean change in pain for the treatment group was 1.93 (SD = 2.60), and the change in pain for the control group was 1.24 (SD = 2.79). Change in pain differed between groups (1.3 vs 1.8; P = .01) although it was a small difference. After adjusting for age, gender, Injury Severity Score, Glasgow Coma Scale, number of fractures, and comorbid conditions, there was no significant difference in pain post-procedure (odds ratio = 0.75; P = 0.39) with an effect size of 30% and total sample size of 279.

Conclusion

The PVA pump using bupivacaine is an effective safe and alternative method for managing elderly patients with rib fractures eliminating the serious side effects associated with narcotics.
Traumatic Blunt Injuries to the Celiac Artery: A 5-Year Review From a Level I Trauma Center
Authors: Fitzgerald Caitlin A. , Tootla Yasmin , Morse Bryan C. , Benarroch-Gampel Jaime , Ramos Christopher R. , Nguyen Jonathan
Published: July 2020

Background

Injury to the celiac artery secondary to a blunt mechanism of trauma is an extremely rare injury that accounts for only 1%-2% of all visceral vascular lesions. Although rare, this injury is associated with significant mortality. Despite this high mortality, there are currently only a few published case series of blunt celiac artery injuries in the literature. This study sought to review all cases of blunt celiac artery injuries that presented to our Level I trauma center over a 5-year period.

Methods

This was a retrospective chart review of all patients who presented with a traumatic blunt celiac artery injury between January 2012 and March 2017.

Results

A total of 10 patients met the inclusion criteria for this study. The majority of patients were male (7/10, 70%), the average age was 38.3 ± 16.1 years, and overall mortality was 20% (2/10). On average, patients spent 10.2 ± 6.5 days in the hospital, 4.4 ± 4.5 days in the ICU, and 1.6 ± 2.0 days on the ventilator. The majority of patients presented with either an intimal dissection (3/10, 30%) or an intraluminal thrombus (3/10, 30%). Other injuries included pseudoaneurysms (2/10, 20%), complete avulsion (1/10, 10%), and an intimal dissection with thrombus (1/10, 10%). Of these injuries, 2 (20%) were noted to have retrograde flow on imaging studies including computed tomography angiography and a visceral angiogram. The majority of patients (8/10, 80%) were managed nonoperatively, and 5 (50%) patients were discharged home on aspirin. One patient who was initially managed nonoperatively required an unplanned return to the operating room for ischemic bowel, liver, and stomach. There were no other complications noted.

Discussion

Traumatic blunt injury to the celiac artery is rare. Although there are multiple treatment options, there is currently no consensus in regard to management guidelines. In this case series, the majority of patients were successfully managed nonoperatively suggesting that a selective approach for intervention on patients with a blunt celiac artery injury should be considered.
Systematic Literature Review of Randomized Trials Comparing Antithrombotic Therapy Following Revascularization Procedures in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Schindewolf Marc , Beyer-Westendorf Jan , Balradj Janita , Bowrin Kevin , Huelsebeck Maria , Briere Jean-Baptiste
Published: July 2020

A systematic literature review was conducted to identify and summarize the clinical efficacy and safety of available antithrombotic therapies after peripheral endovascular or surgical revascularization in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Five databases were searched using free-text and Emtree/Mesh terms for PAD, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and antithrombotic therapies of interest (ie, single antiplatelet therapy, dual antiplatelet therapy, and vitamin K antagonists). Randomized controlled trials were eligible for inclusion if they assessed the risk of thrombotic events (ie, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, cardiovascular death, limb ischemia, or limb amputation) or safety profile (ie, minor, moderate, major, or fatal bleeding events) after revascularization. In total, 16 RCTs were identified. Only a few studies reported on treatment effects of the investigated therapies. Myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, cardiovascular death, and amputation were reported in up to 2.3%, 2.3%, 5.6%, and 7.3% of patients, respectively. Bleeding events were observed in up to 8.4% (major) and 1.5% (fatal) of patients. Despite available treatments, patients with PAD undergoing revascularization remain at risk of thrombotic events. There is a need for new treatments that will help to optimize care for patients with symptomatic PAD undergoing revascularization.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy and Vascular Complications in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Resanović Ivana , Zarić Božidarka , Radovanović Jelena , Sudar-Milovanović Emina , Gluvić Zoran , Jevremović Danimir , Isenović Esma R.
Published: July 2020

Vascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are common. Since impaired oxygen balance in plasma plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic DM-associated complications, the administration of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been recommended to influence development of vascular complications. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy involves inhalation of 100% oxygen under elevated pressure from 1.6 to 2.8 absolute atmospheres in hyperbaric chambers. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy increases plasma oxygen solubility, contributing to better oxygen diffusion to distant tissues and preservation of the viability of tissues reversibly damaged by atherosclerosis-induced ischemia, along with microcirculation restoration. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy exerts antiatherogenic, antioxidant, and cardioprotective effects by altering the level and composition of plasma fatty acids and also by promoting signal transduction through membranes, which are impaired by hyperglycemia and hypoxia. In addition, HBOT affects molecules involved in the regulation of nitric oxide synthesis and in that way exerts anti-inflammatory and angiogenic effects in patients with DM. In this review, we explore the recent literature related to the effects of HBOT on DM-related vascular complications.
Long-Term Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome: Prognostic Role of Complete Blood Cell Count
Authors: Morici Nuccia , Molinari Valentina , Cantoni Silvia , Rubboli Andrea , Antolini Laura , Sacco Alice , Cattaneo Marco , Alicandro Gianfranco , Oreglia Jacopo A. , Oliva Fabrizio , Giannattasio Cristina , Brunelli Dario , La Vecchia Carlo , Valgimigli Marco , Savonitto Stefano
Published: July 2020

Individual parameters of complete blood count (CBC) have been associated with worse outcome in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the prognostic role of CBC taken as a whole has never been evaluated for long-term incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Patients were grouped according to their hematopoietic cells’ inflammatory response at different time points during hospital stay. Patients with admission white blood cell count >10 × 109/L, discharge hemoglobin <120 g/L, and discharge platelet count >250 × 109/L were defined as “high-risk CBC.” Among 1076 patients with ACS discharged alive, 129 (12%) had a “high-risk CBC” and 947 (88%) had a “low-risk CBC.” Patients with “high-risk CBC” were older and had more comorbidities. Over a median follow-up of 665 days, they experienced a higher incidence of MACE compared to “low-risk CBC” patients (18.6% vs 8.1%). After adjustment for age, age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index, female sex, cardiac arrest, suboptimal discharge therapy, coronary artery bypass, and ejection fraction, a high-risk CBC was significantly associated with increased MACE occurrence (adjusted hazard ratio 1.80; 95% CI: 1.09-3.00). The CBC was a prognostic marker in patients with ACS, and its evaluation at admission and discharge could better classify patient’s risk and improve therapeutic management.
Political Corruption Cycles: High-Frequency Evidence from Argentina’s Notebooks Scandal
Authors: Figueroa Valentín
Published: July 2020

Exploiting daily records documenting how an organization of high-level bureaucrats in Argentina collected bribes and delivered them to party leaders from 2009 to 2015, I detect with unprecedented accuracy a political corruption cycle in narrow temporal windows around national elections. Bureaucrats, on average, collected about $350 thousand more in bribes and were 9.6 percentage points more likely to deliver cash to politicians on days within two weeks before elections than within two weeks after elections. These results are puzzling from the perspective of theories of democratic accountability, which predict that corruption should decrease with electoral proximity, but follow naturally when the factor motivating corruption is the need to finance political expenses. This article’s findings confirm that the motivation behind corruption is often to advance political goals rather than personal enrichment, and that competitive elections shape incentives for corruption in more complex ways than traditionally thought.
Adaptive iterative working state prediction based on the double unscented transformation and dynamic functioning for unmanned aerial vehicle lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Shi Haotian , Wang Shunli , Fernandez Carlos , Yu Chunmei , Li Xiaoxia , Zou Chuanyun
Published: July 2020

In lithium-ion batteries, the accuracy of estimation of the state of charge is a core parameter which will determine the power control accuracy and management reliability of the energy storage systems. When using unscented Kalman filtering to estimate the charge of lithium-ion batteries, if the pulse current change rate is too high, the tracking effects of algorithms will not be optimal, with high estimation errors. In this study, the unscented Kalman filtering algorithm is improved to solve the above problems and boost the Kalman gain with dynamic function modules, so as to improve system stability. The closed-circuit voltage of the system is predicted with two non-linear transformations, so as to improve the accuracy of the system. Meanwhile, an adaptive algorithm is developed to predict and correct the system noises and observation noises, thus enhancing the robustness of the system. Experiments show that the maximum estimation error of the second-order Circuit Model is controlled to less than 0.20V. Under various simulation conditions and interference factors, the estimation error of the unscented Kalman filtering is as high as 2%, but that of the improved Kalman filtering algorithm are kept well under 1.00%, with the errors reduced by 0.80%, therefore laying a sound foundation for the follow-up research on the battery management system.
Perceived discrimination and subjective well-being among Middle Eastern migrants in Australia: The moderating role of perceived social support
Authors: Hashemi Neda , Marzban Maryam , Sebar Bernadette , Harris Neil
Published: July 2020

Background:

Middle Eastern (ME) migrants are vulnerable to developing mental health problems due to pre-migration and post-migration traumas and stresses. The evidence on the subjective well-being of ME migrants and its contributing factors is limited and inconclusive.

Objectives:

The aim of this study is to examine the moderating role of perceived social support in the association between perceived discrimination and subjective well-being, after controlling for socio-demographic factors.

Method(s):

This cross-sectional survey study was conducted in Queensland, Australia. A total of 382 first-generation young adult ME migrants, aged between 20 to 39 years, completed a self-administered questionnaire. To analyse data, a series of three hierarchical multiple regression (HMR) analyses were conducted, one for each of the subjective well-being components (i.e., positive affect, negative affect, and satisfaction with life). The interaction between perceived social support and perceived discrimination for the prediction of subjective well-being components was further explored using simple slope analysis.

Results:

Gender was found to be a significant predictor of positive and negative affect. Education was found to predict satisfaction with life, but not positive and negative affect. Married migrants were found to have significantly higher life satisfaction, positive affect and lower negative affect. Perceived social support had a moderating role in the association between perceived discrimination and subjective well-being.

Conclusion:

Considering the buffering role of perceived social support against the adverse effects of perceived discrimination on subjective well-being, organizations and individuals working with ME migrants should acknowledge the significance of social support and improve their capacity to deliver effective and appropriate social support services to migrants experiencing discrimination.
Making a Difference: Developing Actionable Knowledge for Practice and Theory
Authors: Beer Michael
Published: July 2020

There is a widely acknowledged gap between academic research and practice. While the field of organizational studies and development has had an impact on management practice in some organizations, it has had only a modest impact on widely accepted management practice or theory. To make a difference, scholar–consultants will have to develop innovative management practices and theories that explain why, when and how their new practices improves organizational outcomes. In this essay, I outline research and development principles that will enable scholar–consultants to have an impact on management practice. I illustrate these principles with my own research and development of the Strategic Fitness Process, a strategic management process, and its underlying theory of organizational effectiveness.
Characterization of mechanical and tribological properties of graphite and alumina reinforced zinc alloy (ZA-27) hybrid metal matrix composites
Authors: Gangwar Swati , Payak Viresh , Pathak Vimal Kumar , Jamwal Anbesh , Gupta Pallav
Published: July 2020

The aim of present study is to investigate the microstructural, mechanical and tribological behavior of Zinc Alloy (ZA-27) hybrid metal matrix composites reinforced with graphite (Gr) and alumina (Al2O3). In the present study graphite and Al2O3 content is varied with composition (0, 3.5, 7 and 10.5 wt. %) prepared with liquid state stir casting process. Microstructure, density, hardness, compressive strength, impact strength and wear rate of composites have been investigated. SEM micrograph shows the uniform distribution of reinforcement particles in ZA-27 matrix. It is found that mechanical properties of composites depend on the reinforcements content. Hardness, compressive strength and impact strength of composites increases with an increase in reinforcements content up to 7 wt. %. It is observed that reinforced composites show good tribological properties. Wear resistance of composites is increased with an increase in hybrid reinforcement content. Maximum wear resistance is found at 10.5 wt.% reinforcements content. Further, TOPSIS methodology is adopted for the optimization of reinforcements content which shows that 7 wt.% of reinforcements provide better mechanical properties among all the compositions. It is expected that this composite will be beneficial in automobile industries.
Assessing trajectories for innovation in farming from a profit theory perspective: The case of Ontario, Canada
Authors: Menna Agostino , Walsh Philip R
Published: July 2020

A conceptual framework was developed for categorizing innovation environments and applied to the agricultural sector in Ontario, Canada. Literature pertaining to innovation and profit theory was explored to identify appropriate constructs from which to develop the framework. The fundamental assertion is that innovation trajectories can be influenced by two financial dimensions: profitability and efficiency, and that four distinct environments for farmers can be identified. A k-means cluster analysis was undertaken using geographic regions and farm sizes to illustrate the use of this framework. The research results in a diverse distribution across the identified environments and various innovation trajectories between those environments were assessed. The study supports policies to encourage an agricultural innovation system (AIS) that promotes capital investment, training in entrepreneurship and innovation, and product diversification while limiting the reliance on financial support mechanisms that can inhibit innovation. The results have implications for farmers, agriculture policy makers and entrepreneurs.
Visitation and Misconduct Among Maximum-Security Inmates
Authors: Reidy Thomas , Sorensen Jonathan
Published: July 2020

This study adds to the literature by clarifying the effects of visitation on serious and violent misconduct among maximum-security inmates through the application of propensity score matching (PSM). Findings demonstrate that once the visited and nonvisited groups were matched on covariates of visitation, major violations were significantly influenced by visitation from family and friends. The visitation group experienced a 25% reduction in major, violent, and injurious acts of misconduct. Results are discussed from the perspective of social support theory.
Relationship Between Gender, Stress, and Quality of Social Support
Authors: Kneavel Meredith
Published: July 2020

Background

Research suggests that gender differences exist in both stress and how social support is utilized and that the relationship between stress and social support may not be linear.

Methods

An internet survey of n = 1080 participants was conducted evaluating quality and quantity of social support, gender, age, and perceived stress and coping.

Results

Reported quality of social support, gender, and age significantly predicted perceived stress and that there was a curvilinear interaction between the quality of social support and gender which significantly predicted perceived stress.

Conclusion

The current findings supported Taylor’s Tend and Befriend theory that females have higher reported stress levels, a larger support network, and report more quality in their social support. Practitioner points:  • Males and females may manifest stress differently in their relationships. • When working with males and females in practice it may be important to understand the depth and breadth of their social networks and how they utilize those networks. • Females indicate higher levels of stress and greater social support quality. • It is important to understand that one’s social network can be an important source of support (a coping mechanism) but that it can also serve as a stressor in some cases.
Emotional Experiences in the Workplace: Biological Sex, Supervisor Nonverbal Behaviors, and Subordinate Susceptibility to Emotional Contagion
Authors: Jia Moyi , Cheng Jiuqing
Published: July 2020

This study aims to investigate the relationship among different types of supervisor nonverbal behaviors, subordinate susceptibility to emotional contagion, and subordinate emotional experience. It also examined the possible interaction effects of nonverbal behaviors, emotional contagion, and both supervisor and subordinate biological sex. N = 669 full-time employees participated in an online survey. Results suggest that supervisor eye contact, body posture and facial expression are associated with higher emotional support, whereas body and face would reduce subordinates’ engagement in emotion work. The interaction tests show that female supervisors’ use of gesture has a stronger effect on subordinate perception of emotional support and emotion work than male supervisors. Findings are discussed as related to theoretical and practical contributions, as well as suggestions for future research on nonverbal communication and workplace emotions.
Bullying Perpetration and Perceived Parental Monitoring: A Random Intercepts Cross-Lagged Panel Model
Authors: Doty Jennifer L. , Lynne Sarah D. , Metz Allison S. , Yourell Jacqlyn L. , Espelage Dorothy L.
Published: July 2020

Although parental monitoring often reduces youth risk behaviors, some research on bullying perpetration has found that parental monitoring deters bullying while other research has found a null effect or a positive effect. We investigated the bidirectional relationships of bullying perpetration and parental monitoring from age 11 to 18 years, leveraging data from four middle and six high schools in the Midwest ( N = 3,549 students). We observed within-student stability in bullying perpetration and parental monitoring across time. Bullying perpetration had a prospective, negative association with parental monitoring from ages 11 to 12. However, parental monitoring predicted lower levels of bullying perpetration from ages 13 to 14. In early adolescence, youth who bully may be emboldened by a lack of perceived parental monitoring. Parental monitoring through establishment of house rules and awareness of risk during early to middle adolescence may deter bullying perpetration.
Implementation of Physical Activity Interventions in Rural, Remote, and Northern Communities: A Scoping Review
Authors: Pelletier Chelsea A , Pousette Anne , Ward Kirsten , Keahey Robin , Fox Gloria , Allison Sandra , Rasali Drona , Faulkner Guy
Published: July 2020

Compared with urban centers, rural, remote, and northern communities face substantial health inequities and increased rates of noncommunicable disease fuelled, in part, by decreased participation in physical activity. Understanding how the unique sociocultural and environmental factors in rural, remote, and northern communities contribute to implementation of physical activity interventions can help guide health promotion policy and practice. A scoping review was conducted to map literature describing the implementation of physical activity interventions in rural, remote, and/or northern communities. Databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus were searched using a predetermined search strategy. Outcomes of interest included community demographics, program characteristics, intervention results, measures of implementation, and facilitators or barriers to implementation. A total of 1672 articles were identified from a search of databases, and 8 from a targeted hand search. After screening based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 articles were summarized in a narrative review. Prominent barriers to physical activity program implementation included transportation, lack of infrastructure, sociocultural factors, and weather. Facilitators of program success included flexibility and creativity on the part of the implementation team, leveraging community relationships, and shared resources. Few papers reported on traditional implementation outcomes such as fidelity, dose, and quality. There is a lack of rigorous implementation evaluations of physical activity interventions delivered in rural, remote, or northern communities. Positive aspects of rural life, such as social cohesion and willingness to share resources, appear to contribute to successful program implementation.
Space and Money: How and Why Crowding Influences Tourists’ Sensitivity to Price Magnitude
Authors: Hou Yuansi , Zhang Ke
Published: July 2020

Crowding is a widely observed phenomenon in the tourism industry, especially for destinations experiencing overtourism. Despite the documented consequences of crowding on destinations and locals, studies have seldom examined its impact on tourists’ experiences. Through a correlational study and two experiments, the present research provides convergent evidence suggesting that tourists in the more (vs. less) crowded conditions are less sensitive to the magnitude of service prices. Specifically, tourists tend to perceive lower (vs. higher) difference between high and low service prices in a more (vs. less) crowded destination. Furthermore, the research sheds light on the underlying mechanism of this effect by revealing that tourists rely relatively more on their feelings (vs. cognitions) when making judgments under crowded conditions. Relevant theoretical contributions and practical implications are also discussed.
Foreign body-related oesophageal perforation: a case series at a community-based hospital in Nepal
Authors: Pandit Narendra , Yadav Tek N , Deo Kunal B , Awale Laligen , Jaiswal Lokesh S , Adhikary Shailesh
Published: July 2020

Oesophageal perforation is rare, associated with diagnostic dilemma, delayed presentation and high mortality rate (36%). Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for a good outcome. Treatment is by non-operative methods (antibiotics, drainage of collections, oesophageal stenting and nutritional support) or by surgery, depending on the condition of the patient, timing of presentation and expertise. During a five-year period (2015–2019), we managed seven cases of oesophageal perforation due to a foreign body. Of them, 4 (57%) received operative intervention, while 3 (43%) were managed non-operatively. One postoperative mortality ensued; there was a mean hospital stay of 20 days.
Sunlight and Gaslight: Mapping Light in Mid-Nineteenth-Century New York City
Authors: Eu Rachel
Published: July 2020

This article evaluates the distribution of natural and artificial light in New York City during the mid-nineteenth century. Analysis centers on the interplay between social factors and morphological characteristics of the urban landscape in impacting New Yorkers’ access to light. The article employs built environment data and geographic information systems (GIS) mapping methodology as its main approach. First, the article makes an exploration into the distribution of natural light. By analyzing the distribution of built features, the article demonstrates that natural light and darkness dispersed along lines of wealth and poverty, as sunlight commodified into a highly coveted resource. The second section of this article draws from archival sources to construct an unprecedented visualization of the street gas main network in mid-century Manhattan. Analysis demonstrates that spatial patterns of artificial light correlated strongly with commerce, as the new technology was prioritized along commercial streets over residential thoroughfare.
An entrepreneurial migrant family: The rise of Aw Boon Haw’s business empire in the Asia-Pacific
Authors: Zheng Victor , Gao Hao
Published: July 2020

This research note uses the rise of Aw Boon Haw’s dynastic family businesses across Asia to illustrate Chinese migrant entrepreneurs’ business development and dynamism. Although it is known that the management and operation of Chinese migrant family businesses do have disadvantages, there is substantial evidence that family control and network capital can facilitate their business endeavors. Through the case of the Aw family business, it was found that by using key strategies of family control and its network capital, even though their migrant background posed multi-layered disadvantages, the Aw family was able to rise from rags to riches in the medicine and newspaper businesses. Not only did their migrant background not restrict Aw family business growth, it fostered its expansion in the region and the world.
Early linguistic reference to first and second person depends on social understanding as well as language skills: Evidence from Czech 30-month-olds
Authors: Smolík Filip , Bláhová Veronika
Published: July 2020

The early use of first and second person pronouns has been viewed as a sign of emerging social understanding. However, it may also depend on general language development: pronouns do not appear among the first words children acquire. In addition, some languages conjugate verbs for person, and the inflections may thus show similar relations to social understanding and language as pronouns. Very few studies have examined the relations between early person reference on the one hand and both social understanding and language development on the other. The present study used data on spontaneous language transcripts and language tasks from 58 Czech-speaking children aged 30 months to examine the relations between person reference, social understanding, and general language development. Social understanding was estimated from children’s use of the mental state language (MSL). The results confirm that both MSL and general language development show unique relations to person reference with pronouns as well as verbs.
Signaling Creative Genius: How Perceived Social Connectedness Influences Judgments of Creative Potential
Authors: Proudfoot Devon , Fath Sean
Published: July 2020

In today’s knowledge economy, effectively signaling one’s creative potential can be advantageous. Five experiments demonstrate that cues signaling a person’s separateness from others (as opposed to social connectedness) boost evaluations of their creative potential. “Lone” targets—engaging in activities alone—were judged more likely to generate creative ideas compared with targets engaging in identical activities with others. This effect was explained by perceived social independence and was unique to creativity judgments—our manipulation did not influence perceptions of other positive attributes, including ability to generate practical ideas (Studies 1a and 1b). The effect of social independence on perceived creativity was not reducible to perceived nonnormativity and was attenuated when creativity was construed as requiring convergent thinking rather than divergent thinking (Studies 2–4). Findings advance our understanding of how individuals of varying degrees of social connectedness tend to be viewed by others, providing insight into observers’ lay beliefs about creative potential.
How news went guerrilla marketing: a history, logic, and critique of brand journalism
Authors: Serazio Michael
Published: July 2020

For decades, product placement and branded content have invaded more entertainment-oriented media forms; today, the rise of brand journalism (i.e. native advertising and content marketing) suggests that advertisers are now targeting news as a genre for commercial schemes. This article examines that practice through a critical analysis of advertising industry discourse including 28 in-depth interviews with brand journalism practitioners in the United States along with a decade of trade press coverage. It sketches the first historical trajectory of brand journalism and contextualizes the media industry factors that motivate participants’ exploration of it as a promotional vehicle. Drawing upon guerrilla marketing theory, this article further documents how brand journalism evinces a fundamental commercial self-effacement at its core – in mimicking journalistic style and substance – and thus portends a redefinition of advertising as a visible mass communication form.
Differential modulation of the contextual conditioned emotional response by CB1 and TRPV1 receptors in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex: Possible involvement of NMDA/nitric oxide-related mechanisms
Authors: Uliana Daniela L , Antero Leandro S , Borges-Assis Anna B , Rosa Jessica , Vila-Verde Carla , Lisboa Sabrina F , Resstel Leonardo BM
Published: July 2020

Background:

Blockade of cannabinoid CB1 or vanilloid TRPV1 receptors in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex of rats respectively increases or decreases the conditioned emotional response during re-exposure to a context previously paired with footshocks. Although these mechanisms are unknown, they may involve local modulation of glutamatergic and nitrergic signaling.

Aim:

We investigated whether these mechanisms are involved in the reported effects of CB1 and TRPV1 modulation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex.

Methods:

Freezing behavior and autonomic parameters were recorded during the conditioned response expression.

Results:

The CB1 receptors antagonist NIDA, or the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin (CPS) in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex increased the conditioned emotional response expression, and these effects were prevented by TRPV1 and CB1 antagonism, respectively. The increased conditioned emotional response evoked by NIDA and CPS were prevented by an NMDA antagonist or a neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. A nitric oxide scavenger or a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor prevented only the NIDA effects and the CPS effect was prevented by a non-selective antioxidant drug, as nitric oxide can also induce reactive oxygen species production.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that CB1 and TRPV1 receptors in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex differently modulate the expression of conditioned emotional response through glutamatergic and nitrergic mechanisms, although different pathways may be involved.
Rates of delirium associated with calcium channel blockers compared to diuretics, renin-angiotensin system agents and beta-blockers: An electronic health records network study
Authors: Harrison Paul J , Luciano Sierra , Colbourne Lucy
Published: July 2020

Background:

Antihypertensive drugs, especially calcium channel blockers, have been associated with differential rates of a number of neuropsychiatric outcomes. Delirium is commonly attributed to medication, including antihypertensive drugs, but delirium incidence has not been compared directly between antihypertensive drug classes.

Methods:

Using a federated electronic health records network of 25.5 million people aged 50 years or older, we measured rates of delirium over a two-year period in patients prescribed calcium channel blockers compared to the other main antihypertensive drug classes. Extensive propensity score matching was used to create cohorts matched for a range of demographic factors and delirium risk factors. Negative control outcomes were also measured.

Results:

Cohort sizes ranged from 54,000–577,000. Delirium was more common with calcium channel blockers than with renin-angiotensin system agents (~40% higher) but less common than with beta-blockers (~20% lower). These differences remained when patients with a range of other delirium risk factors were excluded, and they were not paralleled by the negative control outcomes. Comparisons between calcium channel blockers and diuretics produced inconclusive results.

Conclusions:

Calcium channel blockers are associated with higher rates of delirium than renin-angiotensin system agents, but lower rates compared to beta-blockers. The findings add to the list of factors which may be considered when choosing antihypertensive drug class.
The neurobiology of suicide in psychosis: A systematic review
Authors: Girgis Ragy R
Published: July 2020

The lifetime risk of dying by suicide in schizophrenia and related psychoses has been estimated to be approximately between 5% and 7%, though some have estimated that the number is closer to 10%. The highest risk for suicide occurs within the first year after presentation, when patients have a 12 times greater risk of dying by suicide than the general population, or a 60% higher risk compared with patients in other phases of psychosis, although the risk continues for many years. Some 31% of all deaths in first and early episode samples are due to suicide. Studies in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR) or with attenuated positive symptoms also demonstrate that suicidality is common and problematic in these individuals. Therefore, suicide in psychosis is a particularly severe problem. In order to develop interventions aimed at reducing the risk of suicide in psychotic individuals, it will be critical to understand the neurobiology of suicide in psychosis. In this paper, I report on the results of a systematic review of the work done to date on the neurobiology of suicide in psychosis and on suicidality in the CHR period. I will also identify gaps in knowledge and discuss future strategies for studying the neurobiology of suicidality in psychosis that may help to disentangle the links between suicide and psychosis and, by doing so, allow us to gain a greater understanding of the relationship between suicide and psychosis, which is critical for developing interventions aimed at reducing the risk of suicide in psychotic individuals.
Direct-Observation Cohort Study of Shared Decision Making in a Primary Care Clinic
Authors: Jackson Jeffrey L. , Storch Derek , Jackson Wilkins , Becher Dorothy , O’Malley Patrick G.
Published: July 2020

Background. Observational studies suggest that shared medical decision making (SMDM) is suboptimal. Our objective was to assess patient preferences, ratings, and objective measurements of decision making and their impact on patient outcomes. Methods. Hypertensive adults presenting for routine care with their primary care physician completed previsit surveys assessing SMDM preferences. Postvisit surveys assessed the degree of SMDM during the encounter, patient satisfaction, and trust. Encounters were audiotaped and transcripts were coded for type of decisions made as well as SMDM quality using OPTION-5. Adherence and blood pressure were measured at baseline and at 4 weeks. Results. Among 105 encounters, there were 7.4 decisions per visit; most were basic, such as refills and routine testing. Objective measures of decision making indicated that the degree of SMDM was lower than reported by patients or physicians, although physician ratings were more accurate. Previsit, 54% of patients expressed a desire for equally shared medical decision making, 24% preferred physician dominated decision making, and 18% preferred that they make the decisions. Postvisit, patients reported experiencing SMDM in 57% of encounters, with high concordance between desired and perceived decision making. Discordance between the patient’s desired and experienced SMDM reduced trust and satisfaction. The quality of shared decisions had no impact on adherence or blood pressure at 4 weeks. Limitations. Single site, small sample. Conclusions. Decisions are common during internal medicine primary care visits, and most are basic. Most patients preferred SMDM, and their perceptions of the visit decision-making style were concordant with their preferences although higher than objective measures suggested. Physician ratings of the quality of SMDM were more accurate than patient ratings. Discordance between patients’ expected and experienced SMDM lowered satisfaction and trust.