bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mode of action of plantaricin MG, a bacteriocin active against Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Gong Han‐Sheng , Meng Xiang‐Chen , Wang Hui
Published: October 2010

Plantaricin MG is a 2,180‐Da bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS1.0391, which was isolated from Chinese traditional fermented cream. Plantaricin MG showed a broad inhibitory activity against not only Gram‐positive bacteria but also Gram‐negative bacteria including Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium. The mode of action of plantaricin MG on S. typhimurium was reported in this article. The addition of plantaricin MG to energized cells of S. typhimurium dissipated both, the transmembrane potential (Δψ) and the pH gradient (ΔpH). Energized membrane, obtained after the addition of glucose, was more susceptible to plantaricin MG action, leading to the release of intracellular K+ions, inorganic phosphate, ATP and UV‐absorbing materials. These data suggest that the presence of a proton motive force promotes the interaction of plantaricin MG with the cytoplasmic membrane of energized cells, leading to pores formation which allows the efflux of ions, thereby ensuring efficient killing of target bacteria. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Identification of bla OXA‐128 and bla OXA‐129, two novel OXA‐type extended‐spectrum‐β‐lactamases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in Hunan Province, China
Authors: Liu Wen'en , Liu Xiaoyi , Liao Jingzhong , Zhang Yunli , Liang Xianghui
Published: October 2010

We collected 97 non‐repetitive carbapenemases‐sensitive clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Human Province, China, during the period of October 2006 to January 2007. From these isolates, we identified two novel oxacillin‐hydrolysing (OXA) type extended‐spectrum‐β‐lactamases (ESBLs): bla OXA‐128 and bla OXA‐129, which contain the mutations of I89V from bla OXA‐56 and K134N from bla OXA‐10, respectively. Clinical isolates containing either bla OXA‐128 or bla OXA‐129 show resistance to cephamycin‐class antibiotics but sensitive to carbapenem‐class antibiotics. The occurrence of novel OXA‐type lactamases suggests a regional prevalent pattern of ESBLs Pseudomonas aeruginosa in this area. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Success and failure in managing foreign acquisitions in South Korea and Japan: Lessons from Renault, General Motors, and DaimlerChrysler
Authors: Froese Fabian Jintae
Published: October 2010

In recent years, there has been a sharp increase in foreign merger‐and‐acquisition (M&A) activity in Japan and South Korea. Based on 23 interviews with Japanese, Korean, and foreign managers, this study investigates the reasons for success and failure in the management of the integration of foreign acquisitions in South Korea and Japan. Although the two implementations were independent of each other, Renault succeeded in both South Korea and Japan. On the other hand, General Motors struggled in Korea and DaimlerChrysler failed in Japan. Open communication, a participative leadership style, positive perspectives, and commitment were key factors for the success of Renault. While managers described plenty of similarities between integration processes in Korea and Japan, the reduced influence of conglomerates and the greater willingness of employees to accept changes may make Korea a more receptive environment. The article provides detailed background of the acquisitions and proposes recommendations as to how managers can successfully integrate Korean and Japanese target companies. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Selecting candidates and managing expatriate assignments in China
Authors: Lund Daniel W. , Degen Ronald Jean
Published: October 2010

To ensure the success of expatriate assignment in China, it is critical that the most suitable candidates are chosen. This article provides a strategic model for selecting, training, and supporting personnel and their families for assignments in China and for helping them adjust to Chinese cultures. Home‐country reintegration strategies are also provided for developing experienced expatriates into global organizational leaders. Well‐planned selection, preparation, support, and reintegration programs help to increase expatriates' overall assignment effectiveness and avoid the high costs associated with expatriate failures. The proposed model is based on Fernandez and Underwood's (2006) critical success qualities of expatriate managers in China and Avril and Magnini's (2007) success qualities for expatriates and their families. A prescription for expatriate effectiveness is proposed based on Lund and Barker's (2007) study of expatriate managers' effectiveness in China, along with models for promoting effective pre‐departure preparation and new‐country adjustment support. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pharmacokinetics for once-daily versus twice-daily tacrolimus formulations in de novo liver transplantation: A randomized, open-label trial
Authors: Fischer Lutz , Trunečka Pavel , Gridelli Bruno , Roy Andre , Vitale Alessandro , Valdivieso Andrés , Varo Evaristo , Seehofer Daniel , Lynch Stephen , Samuel Didier , Ericzon Bo-Goran , Boudjema Karim , Karpf Carmen , Undre Nasrullah
Published: October 2010

Tacrolimus, a cornerstone immunosuppressant, is available as a twice-daily formulation (tacrolimus bid). A once-daily prolonged-release formulation (tacrolimus qd) has been developed. This 6-week, randomized, phase 2, multicenter, open-label, prospective trial in primary liver transplant recipients investigated and compared the pharmacokinetics (PK) of tacrolimus for qd and bid formulations. All patients received tacrolimus-based immunosuppression (tacrolimus qd, n = 67; bid, n = 62). PK data were available for 77 patients (tacrolimus qd, n = 45; bid, n = 32). Tacrolimus area under the curve (AUC) from 0 to 24 hours (AUC0-24) at equivalent doses was approximately 50% lower for tacrolimus qd than for bid on day 1 (146 versus 264 ng·h/mL, respectively), but by day 14 was comparable between treatments (324 and 287 ng·h/mL, respectively) with higher tacrolimus qd doses. There was a strong correlation between AUC0-24 and concentration at 24 hours for tacrolimus qd and bid (r = 0.92 and r = 0.76, respectively). Furthermore, the relationship between these 2 parameters (ie, the slope of the line) was also similar for the 2 formulations. Efficacy endpoints were comparable for both formulations at 6 weeks with no marked differences in incidence, nature, or severity of adverse events between treatments (although the study was not powered to draw efficacy conclusions). These results suggest that targeting the same trough levels will achieve similar total AUC over 24 hours for both tacrolimus qd and tacrolimus bid in de novo liver transplant recipients. Liver Transpl 17:167–177, 2011. © 2011 AASLD.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of π‐Conjugated Polymers Composed of Benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene and Thiophenes Bearing Electron‐Deficient Ethenyl Groups in the Side Chains
Authors: Lee Kwang‐Hoi , Lee Ho‐Jin , Morino Kazuhide , Sudo Atsushi , Endo Takeshi
Published: October 2010

π‐Conjugated polymers composed of dialkoxybenzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene and thiophenes bearing cyano‐alkoxycarbonylethenyl [CHC(CO2R)CN] and bis(alkoxycarbonyl)ethenyl groups [CHC(CO2R)2] were prepared. The optical properties of the obtained polymers were investigated by UV‐vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy to demonstrate that the absorption maxima of the polymers were tunable by varying the substituent of thiophene unit. The photoluminescence wavelengths and intensities of the polymer in solution were significantly dependent on the polymer side chain. The HOMO energy level of the polymer was lowered by up to −5.51 eV by introducing electron‐deficient cyano groups. Polymer solar cells based on the new polymers were fabricated to achieve a PCE of 1.90%.

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Effects of Nematic Liquid Crystal Additives on the Performance of Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Jeong Seonju , Kwon Younghwan , Choi Byeong‐Dae , Kwak Giseop , Han Yoon Soo
Published: October 2010

Nematic liquid crystals (NLCs), 4‐cyano‐4′‐pentylbiphenyl and 4‐cyano‐4′‐octylbiphenyl, were applied as additives to polymer solar cells with P3HT:PC61BM blend films. The incorporation of NLC additives led to a higher absorbance of the blend film, a higher crystallinity of P3HT, closer P3HT chains, larger PC61BM domains and enhanced hole/electron mobilities even without post‐thermal annealing. The non‐annealed PSC with 4 wt.‐% 8CB additives showed an increase in all parameters, resulting in a power conversion efficiency of 3.72% compared to 2.14% of the reference device without NLC additives.

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Structure and Dynamics of Drawn Gel‐Spun Ultrahigh‐Molecular‐Weight Polyethylene Fibers by 1H, 13C and 129Xe NMR
Authors: Demco Dan E. , Melian Claudiu , Simmelink Jeff , Litvinov Victor M. , Möller Martin
Published: October 2010

Changes in morphology and chain dynamics of a series of drawn gel‐spun UHMWPE fibers were investigated by 1D and 2D 1H, 13C and 129Xe NMR spectroscopy. The dependence of the rms oscillation angle for the internuclear proton spin pairs around the chain axis can be evaluated from 13C/1H WISE and correlated with the Young modulus of UHMWPE fibers. Based on the novel 13C QUCPMAS method it was shown that the relative amount of orthorhombic, monoclinic and intermediate fractions increase with the Young modulus as opposed to the highly mobile amorphous phase. The chain dynamics of this last fraction becomes less hindered. 129Xe NMR spectroscopy shows that the volume‐average diameter of voids increases with the Young modulus and the production of nanovoids is accelerated in drawn UHMWPE fibers.

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Light‐Directed Anisotropic Reorientation of Mesopatterns in Block Copolymer Monolayers
Authors: Aoki Kenji , Iwata Takafumi , Nagano Shusaku , Seki Takahiro
Published: October 2010

Photoreorientation of a stripe pattern consisting of an MPS structure in a Langmuir‐Blodgett monolayer by irradiation with linearly polarized light is achieved for the first time using a PDMS/poly(methacrylate) diblock copolymer with a liquid crystalline azobenzene‐containing side chain. The stripe MPS pattern in the trans azobenzene state is diminished by photoisomerization to the cis form upon UV light irradiation. By the erasure of the MPS structure, the anisotropic photo‐oriented stripe pattern is generated upon irradiation with linearly polarized visible light, the orientation of the stripe pattern being orthogonal to the electric vector of the light.

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Contraction and Collapsing Kinetics of Single Synthetic Polymer Chains at Small Quench Depths
Authors: Hu Jinming , Wang Di , Xu Jian , Zhu Zhiyuan , Liu Shiyong
Published: October 2010

Chain contraction and collapsing kinetics of pyrene‐labeled poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) single chains ($\overline {M} _{{\rm n}} $ = 3.64 × 105 g · mol−1,$\overline {M} _{{\rm w}} /\overline {M} _{{\rm n}} $ = 1.17) were investigated by employing the stopped‐flow technique coupled with fluorescence and light scattering detections, which can achieve millisecond jumping of solvent quality from good to above and below theθ‐solvent condition at small quench depths. It was found that the coil‐to‐crumpled globule transition proceeds via an isotropic one stage process and the obtained characteristic relaxation times exhibit a monotonic decrease with increasing quench depths. The obtained experimental results were in qualitative agreement with previous theoretical considerations.

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Microparticle‐Supported Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Brushes Prepared by Surface‐Initiated Kumada Catalyst Transfer Polycondensation for Sensor Applications
Authors: Tkachov Roman , Senkovskyy Volodymyr , Oertel Ulrich , Synytska Alla , Horecha Marta , Kiriy Anton
Published: October 2010

A ‘grafting‐from’ approach to synthesize microparticle‐supported conjugated polyelectrolyte brushes is presented. Poly(3‐bromohexylthiophene) is selectively grown from monodisperse organosilica microparticles by surface‐initiated Kumada catalyst‐transfer polycondensation (SI‐KCTP) and then ionizable amino groups are introduced by a two‐step polymer analogous transformation. Optical properties of the resulting microparticle‐supported conjugated polyelectrolyte brushes were found to be dependent on the surrounding chemical environment and thus the particles are promising materials for sensor applications.

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Broadening the Polyethylene Molecular Weight Distribution by Periodic Variation of the Hydrogen Feed Rate
Authors: Al‐haj Ali Mohammad , Ali Emad M.
Published: October 2010

The ability to control the molecular weight distribution of the created polyethylene in gas‐phase fluidized‐bed reactors is discussed. This objective is achieved via nonlinear model predictive controller utilizing the hydrogen feed rate as the only manipulated variable. The idea for limited usage of manipulated variables is to avoid economically unfavorable operations such as excessive purge and/or reduced production rate. The simulation results indicated successful implementation of the control algorithm to attain the desired molecular weight distribution. The success depends on the improved hydrogen activities inside the reactor by employing a modified catalyst that is responsive to hydrogen variation and allowing a wider range for hydrogen feed rates.

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Realistic simulation of cardiac magnetic resonance studies modeling anatomical variability, trabeculae, and papillary muscles
Authors: Tobon‐Gomez C. , Sukno F. M. , Bijnens B. H. , Huguet M. , Frangi A. F.
Published: October 2010

Simulated magnetic resonance imaging brain studies have been generated for over a decade. Despite their useful potential, simulated cardiac studies are only emerging. This article focuses on the realistic simulation of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging datasets. The methodology is based on the XCAT phantom, which is modified to increase realism of the simulated images. Modifications include the modeling of trabeculae and papillary muscles based on clinical measurements and published data. To develop and evaluate our approach, the clinical database included 40 patients for anatomical measurements, 10 patients for papillary muscle modeling, and 10 patients for local gray value statistics. The virtual database consisted of 40 digital voxel phantoms. Histograms from different tissues were obtained from the real datasets and compared with histograms of the simulated datasets with the Chi‐square dissimilarity metric (χ2) and Kullback‐Leibler divergence. For the original phantom, χ2 values averaged 0.65 ± 0.06 and Kullboek‐Leibler values averaged 0.69 ± 0.38. For the modified phantom, χ2 values averaged 0.34 ± 0.12 and Kullboek‐Leibler values averaged 0.32 ± 0.15. The proposed approach demonstrated a noticeable improvement of the local appearance of the simulated images with respect to the ones obtained originally. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coping strategies and self‐efficacy as predictors of outcome in osteoarthritis: a systematic review
Authors: Benyon Kay , Hill Susan , Zadurian Natalie , Mallen Christian
Published: October 2010

Objective: Systematically to review the literature, investigating the prognostic value of self‐efficacy and coping strategies used by adults with osteoarthritis (OA) recruited within the community or primary care.

Methods: An online electronic search was performed from inception to August 2009, using EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and MEDLINE databases. A search of keywords and key authors was performed to find related articles, and experts in the field were contacted to identify additional literature. Three reviewers blindly assessed the quality of the included studies, using pre‐determined criteria. Data on coping strategies and self‐efficacy were extracted and tabulated.

Results: Eight studies were identified and included in this review. Six of the papers were rated as being of acceptable methodological quality. Strong evidence was identified for the role of self‐efficacy in predicting disability, but no evidence was found for the relationship between self‐efficacy and pain. Although problem‐solving coping had no effect on pain, there was weak evidence that active coping strategies predict increased pain and worsened mood. There was also weak evidence demonstrating that problem avoidance, wishful thinking, social withdrawal, self‐criticism and turning to religion are predictors of depressed mood. This review also presents evidence for catastrophizing, self‐efficacy and passive coping strategies as predictors of mood.

Conclusion: Coping strategies and self‐efficacy are important prognostic factors for people with OA. This review highlights the need for further research to ascertain the predictive values of coping strategies that, to date, have been less well investigated. This may, in turn, result in a better understanding of the role of coping in OA and enable clinicians and patients to manage the condition more effectively. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poly(sebacic acid‐co‐ricinoleic acid) biodegradable carrier for delivery of tamsulosin hydrochloride
Authors: Havivi Ehud , Farber Shimon , Domb Abraham J.
Published: October 2010

Polyesteranhydrides synthesized by the transesterification of ricinoleic acid and sebacic acid followed by anhydride polymerization were examined as potential controlled delivery carrier for tamsulosin. Polymers containing 70% ricinoleic acid are liquid at body temperature and semisolid at room temperature. It was found that upon addition of the liquid polymer to water it solidifies to form a stable semisolid polymer. Tamsulosin hydrochloride (TAM), a highly selective α1A‐adrenoreceptor antagonist that has been used for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH), was incorporated in the polymers (2–20% w/w) and its release in buffer solution was monitored. TAM was released for over 24 days while the polymer carrier was being degraded. Hydrolysis of formulations was studied by monitoring the weight loss of the samples and the changes in the polymer molecular weight. TAM formulations stability in p(SA‐RA) 30:70 under different temperatures was evaluated. The release rate of the drug from polymer was found to be affected by drug content: the higher the content, the faster was the release. Also, hydrolysis of formulation containing tamsulosin was faster due to the hydrophility of the drug. The drug formulation was found to be stable for a period of 6 months. Moreover, after subcutaneously injection into mice, the drug‐loaded formulation becomes into gel and remains in the site of the injection. To conclude, Poly(sebacic acid‐co‐ricinoleic‐acid) containing ≥ 70% ricinoleic acid are injectable biodegradable polymers and are suitable candidates for the delivery of TAM for long acting therapy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An investigation of silent versus aloud reading comprehension of elementary students using Maze assessment procedures
Authors: Hale Andrea D. , Hawkins Renee O. , Sheeley Wesley , Reynolds Jennifer R. , Jenkins Shonna , Schmitt Ara J. , Martin Daniel A.
Published: October 2010

Many reading comprehension measures require the student to read silently. When students read silently, important information (e.g., consistent reading errors) may not be identified. It may also be difficult to detect a student who is choosing not to read the passage. For this reason, investigating whether there is a significant difference in comprehension under silent and aloud reading conditions is important to determine under what conditions reading comprehension should be measured accurately. This study was designed to investigate possible differences between silent and aloud reading comprehension scores on Maze assessment probes. Pearson product correlations were used to investigate possible relationships between Maze comprehension scores (silent and aloud), WCPM, and the Broad Reading Cluster Score of the Woodcock–Johnson III Tests of Achievement (WJ‐III ACH). Participants were 89 first‐ and second‐grade students from an elementary school located in the Southeastern United States. Each student was exposed to four assessment conditions, which included WCPM, three tests from the WJ‐III ACH, and Maze reading comprehension passages. Significant correlations were found for WCPM, aloud and silent Maze, and the WJ‐III ACH Broad Reading Cluster Score. No significant difference was found between aloud and silent reading comprehension, which suggests that reading comprehension can be measured accurately under either reading condition. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reading assessment methods for middle‐school students: An investigation of reading comprehension rate and Maze accurate response rate
Authors: Hale Andrea D. , Henning Jaime B. , Hawkins Renee O. , Sheeley Wesley , Shoemaker Larissa , Reynolds Jennifer R. , Moch Christina
Published: October 2010

This study was designed to investigate the validity of four different aloud reading comprehension assessment measures: Maze, comprehension questions, Maze accurate response rate (MARR), and reading comprehension rate (RCR). The criterion measures used in this study were the Woodcock–Johnson III Tests of Achievement (WJ‐III ACH) Broad Reading Cluster Score and words correct per minute (WCPM). Pearson Product Correlations and linear regression were used to investigate possible relationships between Maze comprehension level (accuracy), comprehension question level (accuracy), MARR, RCR, WCPM, and the Broad Reading Cluster Score of the WJ‐III ACH. Participants were sixth‐, seventh‐, and eighth‐grade students from a middle school located in the Southeastern United States. Significant correlations were found between each of the reading comprehension assessment variables (WCPM, MARR, RCR, Maze comprehension level, and comprehension question level) and the WJ‐III ACH Broad Reading Cluster Score. MARR and RCR represented the strongest correlations when compared to the other variables. Results from a linear regression analysis indicated that RCR was the best predictor of the criterion variable (WJ‐III). Implications for future research and applied practice are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cognitive limitations associated with tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors in employed breast cancer survivors
Authors: Breckenridge Lynn M. , Bruns Gina L. , Todd Briana L. , Feuerstein Michael
Published: October 2010

Objectives: Previous research has suggested that endocrine therapy is associated with cognitive limitations in breast cancer survivors (BCS); this study examined the relationship in employed BCS, an average of three years post‐primary treatment.

Methods: 77 BCS with past or current exposure to tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors and 56 BCS with no history of endocrine therapy completed self‐report measures of cognitive function, anxiety, depression, and fatigue as well as an online neurocognitive battery.

Results: Exposure to endocrine therapy was not related to scores on the objective measures, but moderately related to perceived attentional problems at work (β = −0.20; CI0.95 = −2.75, −0.25) and perceived cognitive functioning in overall life (β = 0.17; CI0.95 = 0.33, 11.47) in excess of what could be explained by symptom burden measures. No differences were reported between groups on symptom burden measures. Symptoms of physical fatigue, depression, and anxiety were positively associated with self‐report of general cognitive limitations (R2 change range: 0.28–0.37), and symptoms of depression and anxiety were positively associated with perceived cognitive limitations at work (R2 change range: 0.21–0.28).

Discussion: Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and fatigue should be screened for and treated in BCS, as an approach to mitigating perceived cognitive limitations. However, healthcare providers should be aware that cognitive limitations exist in excess of what can be associated with symptom burden, and may be related to endocrine therapy and other cancer treatments. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When peer support may be most beneficial: the relationship between upward comparison and perceived threat
Authors: Legg Melissa , Occhipinti S. , Ferguson M. , Dunn J. , Chambers S. K.
Published: October 2010

Objective: Currently, the mechanism by which dyadic peer support programs may facilitate positive psychological adjustment for cancer patients is unclear. This study utilized social comparison theory to examine the effects of peer support on the psychological adjustment of women with breast cancer.

Methods: A cross‐sectional survey of 251 recently diagnosed breast cancer patients (52% response), who had received a dyadic peer support intervention, was undertaken assessing anxiety, depression, perceived threat, and upward comparison.

Results: Perceived cancer threat significantly moderated the relationship between positive upward comparison and depression levels (p = 0.017). Women who engaged in upward comparisons and who perceived their diagnosis to be more threatening had lower depression levels than women who were less threatened.

Conclusions: Peer support services that provide support from cancer survivors may be especially beneficial for people who appraise their cancer diagnosis as more threatening. The application of theoretical models to future evaluation designs will further increase understanding of the psychological mechanisms involved in the effects of peer support and inform program development. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pulmonary function impairment after trachea‐esophageal fistula: A minor role for gastro‐esophageal reflux disease
Authors: Peetsold M.G. , Heij H.A. , Nagelkerke A.F. , Deurloo J.A. , Gemke R.J.B.J.
Published: October 2010

Background

Long‐term impairment of pulmonary function in trachea‐esophageal fistula (TEF) patients is, at least in part, commonly ascribed to gastro‐esophageal reflux disease (GERD). The objective of this study was to examine the independent effects of the underlying condition and GERD on cardiopulmonary function.

Methods

Cardiopulmonary function of TEF patients, who had (severe) GERD (s‐GERD) requiring antireflux surgery (TEF + GERD, n = 11) and TEF patients who did not have s‐GERD (group TEF–GERD, n = 20) were compared with control patients who had isolated s‐GERD requiring antireflux surgery (group GERD, n = 13). All patients performed spirometry, lung volume measurements, measurement of diffusion capacity and maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).

Results

Mean age of the participants was 13.8 ± 2.7 (group TEF + GERD). 13.2 ± 2.9 (group TEF–GERD), and 14.7 ± 1.5 years (group GERD). FVC and TLC were significantly lower in patients with TEF (with and without s‐GERD) when compared to patients with isolated s‐GERD. Most pulmonary function parameters were similarly affected in both TEF groups, but FEV1 was lower in the TEF + GERD group than in the TEF–GERD group. Cardiopulmonary exercise parameters were similar in all groups.

Conclusions

TEF patients had restrictive lung function impairment when compared to patients with isolated s‐GERD. This difference may be due to several causes, including thoracotomy. FEV1 was lower in TEF + GERD when compared to TEF–GERD indicating that GERD may affect large airway function in TEF patients. Other differences between TEF patients with and without s‐GERD were not significant, suggesting only a minor role for GERD. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011; 46:348–355. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modulatory effect of the SLC9A3 gene on susceptibility to infections and pulmonary function in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Dorfman Ruslan , Taylor Chelsea , Lin Fan , Sun Lei , Sandford Andrew , Paré Peter , Berthiaume Yves , Corey Mary , Durie Peter , Zielenski Julian ,   on behalf of the members of the Canadian Consortium for CF Genetic Studies
Published: October 2010

In cystic fibrosis (CF), CFTR dysfunction leads to salt and water imbalance across airway epithelia, depleted surface liquid layer, and impaired mucociliary clearance. This provides optimal conditions for chronic bacterial infections leading to excessive inflammation and progressive obstructive lung disease. We hypothesized that other epithelial channels affecting salt balance across the airways may play a role in the susceptibility to bacterial infections and modulate severity of CF lung disease. The SLC9A3 gene encoding a Na+/H+ exchanger was demonstrated to be a modifier intestinal disease in a murine model of CF. We examined the potential role of SLC9A3 as a modifier of CF lung disease severity. We analyzed 11 SLC9A3 gene variants for association with age of first Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and lung function in children with CF. The T allele of an intronic variant in the SLC9A3 gene (rs4957061) was significantly (P = 0.02) associated with earlier acquisition of Pseudomonas infection in a cohort of 1,004 pediatric patients. Analysis of lung function in a subset of these patients (752) revealed that patients homozygous for the T allele had substantially reduced lung function and accelerated rate of decline. Although the functional basis for the modulatory effects of this SLC9A3 variant on CF lung disease remains to be elucidated, altered function of the Na+/H+ exchanger may further deplete the airway liquid surface, thereby enhancing susceptibility to Pseudomonas infections and worsening the severity of lung disease. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011; 46:385–392. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pulmonary exacerbations are associated with subsequent FEV1 decline in both adults and children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Sanders Don B. , Bittner Rachel CL. , Rosenfeld Margaret , Redding Gregory J. , Goss Christopher H.
Published: October 2010

Background:

Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) frequently experience pulmonary exacerbations that may lead to a faster subsequent decline in pulmonary function; however, this relationship has not been clearly established. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between the frequency of pulmonary exacerbations and subsequent forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) decline in adults and children with CF.

Methods:

Cohort study of subjects followed in the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry from 2003 through 2006. Mixed effects modeling was used to estimate differences in rates of decline in FEV1 in 2004–2006 for patients with 0, 1, 2, or 3+ pulmonary exacerbation(s) in 2003.

Results:

Of 8,490 subjects who met inclusion criteria, 60% had 0 exacerbations, 23% had 1, 10% had 2, and 7% had 3+ exacerbations in 2003. Compared to children with no pulmonary exacerbations in 2003, children with one or more exacerbations experienced a significantly (P < 0.001) greater rate of FEV1 decline in 2004–2006. In contrast, among adults, only those with 3+ exacerbations in 2003 had a significantly (P = 0.01) greater rate of FEV1 decline in 2004–2006 than those with no exacerbations in 2003.

Conclusions:

There is a strong association between the frequency of pulmonary exacerbations and subsequent decline in pulmonary function. In adults, having 3+ exacerbations, and among children, having any exacerbations is associated with a greater rate of decline in the ensuing 3 years. Improved prevention, identification, and treatment of pulmonary exacerbations are likely to have long‐term benefits for patients with CF, especially children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011; 46:393–400. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Titania Nanocrystalline Prepared by Detonation Method and Calculation of Detonation Parameters
Authors: Qu Yandong , Li Xiaojie , Zhao Zheng , Sun Guilei
Published: October 2010

As a promising method for synthesizing nanosized materials, detonation method was used to prepare TiO2 nanoparticles. A new method for predicting the Chapman‐Jouguet (C‐J) detonation parameters of CaHbOcNdTie explosives, such as detonation heat, detonation temperature, and detonation pressure, was introduced according to the approximate reaction equations of detonation. The coefficient of oxygen balance of explosive was also calculated according to the specific detonation synthesis experiment. The calculation method was more useful in predicting the formation processes of detonation products and optimizing the experimental procedure. It could also support theory foundation for further experiments to some extent.
High‐speed and low‐noise AlInN/GaN HEMTs on SiC
Authors: Sun Haifeng , Alt Andreas R. , Benedickter Hansruedi , Feltin Eric , Carlin Jean‐François , Gonschorek Marcus , Grandjean Nicolas , Bolognesi C. R.
Published: October 2010

A comparison of devices with different source–drain gaps has been performed on AlInN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) grown on SiC. The cut‐off frequency is effectively improved through shrinking source drain space and reducing gate parasitic capacitance. Our devices feature an fT of 188 GHz and fMAX of 200 GHz, which is the highest fMAX ever achieved to date for AlInN‐based HEMTs. At 10 (20) GHz, our HEMTs exhibit a low minimum noise figure Fmin of 0.62 (1.5) dB together with a high associated gain GA of 15.4 (13.3) dB. These Fmin values are among the lowest reported for deep submicrometer GaN HEMTs, and the GA are the best values so far in the literature, demonstrating the tremendous potential of AlInN/GaN HEMTs for microwave low‐noise applications.
Electrospinning synthesis and structural characterization of manganese oxyborate (Mn2OBO3) necklace‐like nanofibers
Authors: Li Shuang , Leng Jing , Fan Ya , Fu Chengwei , Shen Hongzhi , Xue Yanfeng , Xu Dapeng
Published: October 2010

Manganese oxyborate (Mn2OBO3) necklace‐like nanofibers have been successfully synthesized by an electrospinning technique. First, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) PVP/[Mn(CH3COO)2 + H3BO3] composite fibers (average size of 300 ± 10 nm in diameter) were fabricated by an electrospinning method using a solution that contained PVP and manganese acetate and boric acid. Manganese oxyborate (Mn2OBO3) nanofibers were prepared by sintering the above composite fibers in air at 600, 700, and 800 °C, and the calcined nanofibers were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. After sintering at 600 °C, monoclinic phase Mn2OBO3 nanofibers of 180 ± 20 nm in diameter were successfully obtained. Morphology analysis showed that the surface of the 700 °C‐sintered Mn2OBO3 nanofibers (average size of 250 ± 20 nm in diameter) was rough and they had fiberlike structure with packed particles. The 800 °C‐sintered Mn2OBO3 fibers have necklace‐like morphology. The crystallite size of the nanoparticles contained in nanofibers increases from 100 to 200 nm with increasing calcination temperature between 700 and 800 °C. The morphology changes of the Mn2OBO3 nanofibers can be attributed to the grain growth during the calcinations process. The Raman spectrum of Mn2OBO3 was provided and assigned.
Structural and optical properties of ZnO films grown by atmospheric‐ pressure CVD methods using different source materials
Authors: Terasako Tomoaki , Taira Keisuke , Taniguchi Kouta , Yagi Masakazu , Shirakata Sho
Published: October 2010

Structural and photoluminescence (PL) properties of ZnO films grown by atmospheric pressure CVD methods using the sources of Zn(C5H7O2)2H2O (ZnAA) ‐C2H5OH, ZnCl2‐C2H5OH and Zn‐H2O, were compared. For the ZnAA‐C2H5OH system, the influence of the crystalline imperfection was observed on the XRD pattern and the PL spectrum. RT PL spectrum of the highly c‐axis oriented film grown on the a ‐plane sapphire substrate using ZnCl2‐C2H5OH system exhibited a strong green band (GB) emission and a weak near‐band‐edge (NBE) emission. For the Zn‐H2O systems, the c ‐ and a‐axis oriented films were successfully grown on the c ‐ and r ‐plane sapphire substrates, respectively, and their PL spectra were dominated by the NBE emission. For the ZnCl2‐C2H5OH system, only the variation of the PL intensity ratio of the GB emission to the NBE emission by changing the supply ratio of C2H5OH to ZnCl2 was observed. For the Zn‐H2O system, however, the visible region PL changed from the red to the GB emission systematically by adjusting the supply ratio of H2O to Zn. The Zn‐H2O system was found to be the most suitable for the defect control. Low temperature PL measurements revealed that the accurate control of the supply ratio of the O source to the Zn source is an important factor for controlling not only the defects, but also for the concentration of the residual impurities. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication of electrically pumped InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers on Si substrates by Au‐mediated wafer bonding
Authors: Tanabe Katsuaki , Guimard Denis , Bordel Damien , Iwamoto Satoshi , Arakawa Yasuhiko
Published: October 2010

An electrically pumped 1.3 μm room‐temperature InAs/GaAs quantum dot laser on a Si substrate has been demonstrated with a threshold current density of 360 A/cm2. The double‐hetero laser structure was grown on a GaAs substrate by metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition and layer‐transferred onto a Si substrate by GaAs/Si wafer bonding mediated by a 380‐nm‐thick Au‐Ge‐Ni alloy layer. We have demonstrated that insertion of a metal thin film in a wafer‐bonded GaAs/Si interface enhances interfacial electrical conductivity and suppresses optical leakage from the laser cavity into the substrate and therefore is suitable for III‐V‐on‐Si hybrid laser applications. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Study of the orbital hardness and the Kohn‐Sham radius on single monoatomic anions
Authors: Barrera Mauricio
Published: October 2010

Within the Kohn‐Sham framework and for a series of single charged monatomic anions, the orbital hardness is calculated as a change in the frontier eigenvalue, which is equivalent to integrate the local hardness function obtained through the derivative of the KS effective potential respect to the occupation number. The local hardness function is composed by the sum of two terms with opposite sign that describe the electrostatic and exchange‐correlation interactions. Moreover, it is found that, at the KS radii, the last term vanishes with the result that the orbital hardness of the anion is a measure of the electrostatic potential exerted by the frontier density at the KS radii. A further derivation leads to establish a direct relationship between hardness and the inverse of the KS radii. The polarizability of the anion is also examined by computing it from the volume of a sphere having the KS radii. These results show that anions from the halide group are hard and little polarizable, whereas anions from the alkali group are soft and highly polarizable. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Using a group decision support system to add value to group model building
Authors: Ackermann Fran , Andersen David F. , Eden Colin , Richardson George P.
Published: October 2010

This note intends to contribute to the practice of group model building by presenting group model‐building scripts that can (1) create a preliminary problem boundary using less than one hour of group time, (2) convene discussions with the group that explicitly link dynamic structure with system behaviour, and (3) allow participants to “zoom” between a micro and a macro view of system structure. These scripts may be used during early phases of problem structuring. They build on an extended program of inquiry dating back to the Stirling System Dynamics Conference of 1994, and they utilize a well‐established group decision support system to facilitate group discussion, negotiation, and decision. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Financing the global supply chain: Growing need for management action
Authors: John Mathis F. , Cavinato Joseph
Published: October 2010

This article investigates a growing desire by companies to better manage the financing of the global Management Action supply chain and explores best practices. Supply‐chain managers and finance or treasury managers, however, live in different worlds, and integration does not come easily. The article argues that decentralized finance functions lead to financial inefficiencies. The authors identify five subarchitectures to competitive supply chains and argue that visualizing the supply chain financially is the first step to controlling and improving it. Finance is embedded in every step of the supply chain — and business model. Management guidelines of what to change, what to eliminate, and what to adapt are presented along with the new starting points of strategy and customers' ever‐changing needs. Consequently, the end game is profit maximization rather than only cost minimization, and both within acceptable risk parameters. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of host‐country corruption on U.S. and Chinese cross‐border acquisitions
Authors: Malhotra Shavin , Zhu PengCheng , Locander William
Published: October 2010

Does corruption in a target country create a similar effect on cross‐border acquisitions (CBAs) by firms from a developed and a developing country? This article empirically examines the relationship between corruption and CBAs by firms from China and the United States. Based on a combined sample of 10,236 completed acquisitions over the period of 1990–2006, the authors find that both Chinese and U.S. firms make a significantly greater number of acquisitions in less corrupt countries. However, unlike the U.S. CBAs, we find a significantly positive relationship between the transaction value of Chinese CBAs and the level of perceived corruption in the target country. It is suggested that having been schooled in weaker institutions themselves, Chinese firms may find it easier to deal with corrupt conditions in target countries, giving them an advantage over firms from less corrupt countries. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
What determines performance of cross‐border M&As by Chinese companies? An absorptive capacity perspective
Authors: Deng Ping
Published: October 2010

Chinese companies are increasingly using cross‐border merger and acquisitions (M&As) as a vehicle to source knowledge or strategic assets, so as to enhance their competitive advantage. However, a critical question is: Can strategic assets be effectively acquired by Chinese firms, thereby leading to superior firm performance? This article addresses this fundamental question from an absorptive capacity perspective. This approach concentrates on how an acquiring firm's absorptive capacity influences its ability to identify, assimilate, integrate, and apply external new knowledge into commercial use. By comparatively examining two high‐profile international M&A deals completed by leading Chinese firms Lenovo and TCL, we argue that the performance of Chinese companies' overseas acquisitions is substantially affected by the acquiring firm's absorptive capacity at multiple dimensions, thus drawing strategic implications for multinationals in other emerging markets. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An emerging Asian niche market for exports
Authors: Amarasena Anura , Colombage Sisira R. N.
Published: October 2010

The primary aim of this article is to explore the potential of the Australia‐Sri Lanka trade relationship. In achieving this, the business climates of both markets that are considered vital to effective trading are discussed in detail. Thus, the article analyzes, explores, and provides the rationale for tagging Sri Lanka as an emerging niche market for exports. This research article preserves its originality in providing vital analysis and trends in international business between the two countries, which is beneficial not only for potential exporters in the rest of the world, but also for the academics and economic policymakers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Business strategies for multinational intellectual property protection
Authors: Aggarwal Raj
Published: October 2010

Intellectual property protection and management (IPPM) are important operational and strategic issues especially for global companies. Most prior discussions of this topic focus heavily on the legal aspects of this topic. However, by the time legal action becomes necessary, the stakes and costs have risen to very high levels for all parties. This article argues that the nonlegal aspects of IPPM are perhaps more important in practice and can be designed to forestall or limit more expensive legal action. This article provides some guidelines and practical advice for companies that would like to improve their IPPM processes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploration of firms' strategic control mechanisms in Australia and the United States: Implications for global governance structures
Authors: Duncan Keith , Kiessling Timothy , Harvey Michael
Published: October 2010

How much ownership is enough to exert strategic control over partners in the global marketplace? Top management frequently will attempt to have strategic influence over partners when it comes to the strategic direction of the organization. The question becomes, “what gives one partner control over another, and where does that power come from in the relationship?” This research examines the issue of strategic control in organizations in Australia and the United States to determine how to control global relationships. The research found that: (1) ownership is positively related to the degree of strategic control; (2) directness of ownership is positively related to the degree of strategic control; (3) dispersion is negatively related to the degree of strategic control; (4) board membership is positively related to the degree of strategic control; and (5) strategic control between U.S. and Australian organizations/relationships is different. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of sovereign wealth funds in global financial intermediation
Authors: Jory Surendranath R. , Perry Mark J. , Hemphill Thomas A.
Published: October 2010

Sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) have experienced tremendous growth lately. Their combined wealth is currently estimated at $3 trillion, and the International Monetary Fund estimates that they will continue to grow to $10 trillion by 2012. SWFs' recent investments in the United States and Europe have been the focus of media and government scrutiny, given that a number of SWFs are not transparent, and emanate from authoritarian regimes, which are not political allies of the West. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview, along with detailed summary statistics on various aspects of SWFs. We also provide recommendations to facilitate SWFs' role in global financial intermediation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biological applications of gold nanorods
Authors: Stone John , Jackson Stephen , Wright David
Published: October 2010

Gold nanoparticles have been used as an additive for aesthetic purposes for centuries. However, only in the last decade scientists have begun to understand the fundamental concepts that explain the fascinating optical properties nanoscale particles possess. Gold nanoparticles may be tuned to absorb and scatter light in the visible to near‐infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. These properties result from the collective oscillations of electrons along the metal surface and can be altered by changing the particles' shape, size, or environment. Gold nanoparticles having a rod‐like morphology are of particular interest because of their anisotropic shape. The absorption profile of gold nanorods includes two absorption bands: one due to light absorbed along the short axis (transverse) and the other due to absorption along the long axis (longitudinal). As the rod length increases, so does the longitudinal band red shift together with an increase in the extinction coefficient. As a result of this optical control and sensitivity to changes in local environment, gold nanorods are useful materials for sensing, photothermal therapy, and imaging. This article highlights established and emerging applications of gold nanorods as a platform for viable biological tools. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2011 3 100–109 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.120

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Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology