bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coupling Controlled Dual‐Band Tunable Electromagnetic Extraordinary Transmission in Graphene Hybrid Metasurfaces
Authors: Nan Jiameng , Zhang Yujing , Xie Yu , Li Zhichen , Yang Ruisheng , Xu Jing , Fu Quanhong , Zhang Fuli , Fan Yuancheng
Published: April 2023

A metasurface is a kind of ultrathin artificial composite composed of subwavelength elements with unique abilities in manipulating electromagnetic waves. However, the static nature of its conventional metallic/dielectric constituent material has limited its fixed functionality in narrow frequency ranges. The two‐dimensional carbon sheet, i.e., graphene, is a promising platform for effectively tuning the functionality as well as operation frequency band of metasurface. Here, the authors propose and demonstrate a kind of graphene hybrid metasurface for dual‐band extraordinary electromagnetic transmission (EET). The metasurface is composed of two graphene/metal hybrid resonators with EET properties. It is shown that the EET of the graphene hybrid metasurfaces can be tuned by increasing the bias voltage on the graphene from 0 to 3 V. Furthermore, it is found that the transmission amplitude and operating frequency band of EET can be controlled by changing the relative position and thus the coupling of the two graphene hybrid resonators. The proposed design strategy of the hybrid metasurfaces is promising for many applications based on active EM or optical modulations.
Magnetic Measurements Applied to Energy Storage
Authors: Li Xiangkun , Zhang Leqing , Liu Hengjun , Li Qiang , Hou Yanglong
Published: April 2023

How to increase energy storage capability is one of the fundamental questions, it requires a deep understanding of the electronic structure, redox processes, and structural evolution of electrode materials. These thorny problems now usually involve spin–orbit, spin‐related electron configuration, etc., which cannot be probed using conventional testing techniques. Considering the intimate connection between spin and magnetic properties, using electron spin as a probe, magnetic measurements make it possible to analyze energy storage processes from the perspective of spin and magnetism. Owing to the capability of characterizing spin properties and high compatibility with the energy storage field, magnetic measurements are proven to be powerful tools for contributing to the progress of energy storage. In this review, several typical applications of magnetic measurements in alkali metal ion batteries research to emphasize the intimate connection between the magnetic properties and electronic structure, which is associated with the electrochemical performance of the electrode materials, are presented. Finally, the current challenges of magnetic measurements and the prospects for enhanced analysis of energy storage systems are discussed.
Synthesis of Chiral β‐Hydroxy Selenides by Ruthenium‐catalysed Transfer Hydrogenation of α‐Aryl Selenomethyl Ketones
Authors: Liu Qixing , Liu Mengna , Chen Jinbiao , Wang Jinlong , Zhou Haifeng
Published: April 2023

A highly efficient transfer hydrogenation of α‐aryl selenomethyl ketones, using readily available chiral diamine‐derived ruthenium complex as a catalyst and a mixture of formic acid and triethylamine as a hydrogen source in dichloromethane under ambient conditions, is described. A wide range of chiral β‐hydroxy selenides was obtained in 90–99% ee values and moderate to good yields. The practicability is also demonstrated by a gram‐scale synthesis and downstream derivatization.
The Outsiders: How the ADA Mediator Can Engage and Support ‘Other Participants’
Authors: Cohen Judy , Braun Joan , Frost Lynda , Wood Erica F.
Published: April 2023

Last month, the authors examined bias and the need for mediators' essential mission to preserve the parties' self‐determination in the face of capacity issues. They conclude their four‐part series this month focusing on accommodations and support for parties that need it. The first three parts of the series can be found at “Biases, Accommodations, and the Process Details for Americans with Disabilities Act Mediation,” 41 Alternatives 55 (April 2023) (available at https://bit.ly/3A4LH4K); “Focusing on the Neutral's Role in Setting Up Americans with Disabilities Act Mediation,” 41 Alternatives 39 (March 2023) (available at https://bit.ly/3EEnWDj), and “ADA Mediation, Updated: Revisiting 30 Years of Disabilities Practice,” 41 Alternatives 19 (February 2023) (available at bit.ly/3jTICQE) (which includes a box on Methodology and a Mediation Capacity Resource List sidebar).
Why Curiosity is Necessary for Neutrals' Success
Authors: Creo Robert Angelo
Published: April 2023

When my oldest son, Ben, was a child, he loved the book series Curious George, about George, a monkey without a tail, and the Man in the Yellow Hat who captured George in Africa, and crossed the ocean to move him into a zoo in the big city.
Polyphenol‐Based Assembly Nanosystems as Multifunctional Biopharmaceutical Platform
Authors: Jiang Xue , Zhang Jiaojiao , Lo Pik Kwan , Mao Zhengwei
Published: April 2023

Polyphenolic compounds are a diverse collection of secondary metabolites. They are present in nature and have potential therapeutic and medical value due to their anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, and antitumor activities, as well as antioxidant capacity. Moreover, polyphenolic compounds can bind to biological macromolecules (e.g., peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, etc.) through various interactions, including hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic interactions, π interactions, metal–ligand bonds, and covalent bonds, in the presence of catechol and gallol moieties. This endows polyphenols with strong adhesion and provides diverse approaches for designing and constructing biopharmaceutical platforms using multifunctional polyphenol components. Herein, a review of the synthesis and characteristics of polyphenol‐based bioactive assembly nanosystems by concentrating on the multi‐interactions between polyphenols and biomacromolecules is demonstrated. The polyphenol‐based bioactive assembly nanosystems exhibit remarkable versatility in a wide range of biological applications, including protein/antigen delivery, hemostasis, antimicrobial, gene therapy, and cell therapy. This may shed light on future developments in the field of bio‐based medicine.
Tuning Local Charge Distribution in Multicomponent Covalent Organic Frameworks for Dramatically Enhanced Photocatalytic Uranium Extraction
Authors: Yang Hui , Hao Mengjie , Xie Yinghui , Liu Xiaolu , Liu Yanfang , Chen Zhongshan , Wang Xiangke , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Ma Shengqian
Published: April 2023

Optimizing the electronic structure of covalent organic framework (COF) photocatalysts is essential for maximizing photocatalytic activity. Herein, we report an isoreticular family of multivariate COFs containing chromenoquinoline rings in the COF structure and electron‐donating or withdrawing groups in the pores. Intramolecular donor‐acceptor (D‐A) interactions in the COFs allowed tuning of local charge distributions and charge carrier separation under visible light irradiation, resulting in enhanced photocatalytic performance. By optimizing the optoelectronic properties of the COFs, a photocatalytic uranium extraction efficiency of 8.02 mg/g/day was achieved using a nitro‐functionalized multicomponent COF in natural seawater, exceeding the performance of all COFs reported to date. Results demonstrate an effective design strategy towards high‐activity COF photocatalysts with intramolecular D‐A structures not easily accessible using traditional synthetic approaches.
Enhancing Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia over Cu Nanosheets via Facet Tandem Catalysis
Authors: Fu Yunfan , Wang Shuo , Wang Yi , Wei Pengfei , Shao Jiaqi , Liu Tianfu , Wang Guoxiong , Bao Xinhe
Published: April 2023

Electrochemical conversion of nitrate (NO3−) into ammonia (NH3) represents a potential way for achieving carbon‐free NH3 production while balancing the nitrogen cycle. Herein we report a high‐performance Cu nanosheets catalyst which delivers a NH3 partial current density of 665 mA cm−2 and NH3 yield rate of 1.41 mmol h−1 cm−2 in a flow cell at −0.59 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode. The catalyst showed a high stability for 700 h with NH3 Faradaic efficiency of ≈88 % at 365 mA cm−2. In situ spectroscopy results verify that Cu nanosheets are in situ derived from the as‐prepared CuO nanosheets under electrochemical NO3− reduction reaction conditions. Electrochemical measurements and density functional theory calculations indicate that the high performance is attributed to the tandem interaction of Cu(100) and Cu(111) facets. The NO2− generated on the Cu(100) facets is subsequently hydrogenated on the Cu(111) facets, thus the tandem catalysis promotes the crucial hydrogenation of *NO to *NOH for NH3 production.
Construction of Thioamide Peptides from Chiral Amino Acids
Authors: Liao Yanyan , Zhang Shunmin , Jiang Xuefeng
Published: April 2023

Thioamide peptides were synthesized in a straightforward one‐pot process via the linkage of diverse natural amino acids in the presence of thiolphosphonate and trichlorosilane, wherein carbonyl groups were replaced with thiono compounds with minimal racemization. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies demonstrated that the trichlorosilane enables the activation of carboxylic acids via intense interactions with the Si−O bond, followed by coupling of the carboxylic acids with thiolphosphonate to obtain the key intermediate S‐acyl dithiophosphate. Silyl‐activated quadrangular metathesis transition states afforded the thioamide peptides. The potential applications of these thioamide peptides were further highlighted via late‐stage linkages of diverse natural products and pharmaceutical drugs and the thioamide moiety.
Prussian Blue Analogues with Optimized Crystal Plane Orientation and Low Crystal Defects toward 450 Wh kg−1 Alkali‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Hang , Gao Yun , Peng Jian , Fan Yameng , Zhao Lingfei , Li Li , Xiao Yao , Pang Wei Kong , Wang Jiazhao , Chou Shu‐Lei
Published: April 2023

Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) have been regarded as promising cathode materials for alkali‐ion batteries owing to their high theoretical energy density and low cost. However, the high water and vacancy content of PBAs lower their energy density and bring safety issues, impeding their large‐scale application. Herein, a facile “potassium‐ions assisted” strategy is proposed to synthesize highly crystallized PBAs. By manipulating the dominant crystal plane and suppressing vacancies, the as‐prepared PBAs exhibit increased redox potential resulting in high energy density up to ≈450 Wh kg−1, which is at the same level of the well‐known LiFePO4 cathodes for lithium‐ion batteries. Remarkably, unconventional highly‐reversible phase evolution and redox‐active pairs were identified by multiple in situ techniques for the first time. The preferred guest‐ion storage sites and migration mechanism were systematically analysed through theoretical calculations. We believe these results could inspire the design of safe with high energy density.
Multi‐Resonance Building‐Block‐Based Electroluminescent Material: Lengthening Emission Maximum and Shortening Delayed Fluorescence Lifetime
Authors: Cai Xinliang , Pu Yexuan , Li Chenglong , Wang Zhiheng , Wang Yue
Published: April 2023

Multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) materials are considered a class of organic materials with exceptional electronic and optical properties, which make them promising for the applications in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this study, we improved, synthesized, and characterized a multiple‐resonance type emitter based on the assembly of MR‐building blocks (MR‐BBs). By optimizing the geometric arrangement of MR‐BBs, we were able to generate narrowband emission in the longer wavelength region and shorten the delayed excited‐state lifetime, resulting in improved emission efficiency compared to the parent molecule. Our proof‐of‐concept molecule, m‐DBCz, exhibited narrowband yellowish‐green TADF emission with a full width at half‐maximum of 32 nm and a small singlet‐triplet energy gap of 0.04 eV. The OLED developed using m‐DBCz as the emitter demonstrated electroluminescence at 548 nm and achieved a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 34.9 %. Further optimization of the device resulted in a high external quantum efficiency of 36.3 % and extremely low efficiency roll‐off, with EQE values of 30.1 % and 27.7 % obtained even at high luminance levels of 50 000 and 100 000 cd m−2. These results demonstrate the full potential of MR‐TADF materials for applications on ultrahigh‐luminance OLEDs.
Layered Zeolite for Assembly of Two‐Dimensional Separation Membranes for Hydrogen Purification
Authors: Wang Jilong , Fan Yaqi , Jiang Jingang , Wan Zheng , Pang Shuyue , Guan Yejun , Xu Hao , He Xiao , Ma Yanhang , Huang Aisheng , Wu Peng
Published: April 2023

Membrane separation is an energy‐efficient and environmentally friendly process. Two‐dimensional (2D) molecular sieving membranes featuring unique nanopores and low transport resistance have the potential to achieve highly permeable and selective mixture separation with low energy consumption. High‐aspect‐ratio zeolite nanosheets with intrinsic molecular‐sieving pores perpendicular to the layers are desirable building blocks for fabricating high‐performance 2D zeolite membrane. However, a wider application of 2D zeolitic membranes is restricted by the limited number of recognized zeolite nanosheets. Herein, we report a swollen layered zeolite, ECNU‐28, with SZR topology and eight‐member ring (8‐MR, 3.0 Å×4.8 Å) pores normal to the nanosheets. It can be easily exfoliated to construct 2D membrane, which shows a high hydrogen selectivity up to 130 from natural gas and is promising for hydrogen purification and greenhouse gas capture.
Selective Functionalisation of 5‐Methylcytosine by Organic Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Simpson Mathew M. , Lam Ching Ching , Goodman Jonathan M. , Balasubramanian Shankar
Published: April 2023

The epigenetic modification 5‐methylcytosine plays a vital role in development, cell specific gene expression and disease states. The selective chemical modification of the 5‐methylcytosine methyl group is challenging. Currently, no such chemistry exists. Direct functionalisation of 5‐methylcytosine would improve the detection and study of this epigenetic feature. We report a xanthone‐photosensitised process that introduces a 4‐pyridine modification at a C(sp3)−H bond in the methyl group of 5‐methylcytosine. We propose a reaction mechanism for this type of reaction based on density functional calculations and apply transition state analysis to rationalise differences in observed reaction efficiencies between cyanopyridine derivatives. The reaction is initiated by single electron oxidation of 5‐methylcytosine followed by deprotonation to generate the methyl group radical. Cross coupling of the methyl radical with 4‐cyanopyridine installs a 4‐pyridine label at 5‐methylcytosine. We demonstrate use of the pyridination reaction to enrich 5‐methylcytosine‐containing ribonucleic acid.
Reactive Polymer as Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interface for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Naren Tuoya , Kuang Gui‐Chao , Jiang Ruheng , Qing Piao , Yang Hao , Lin Jialin , Chen Yuejiao , Wei Weifeng , Ji Xiaobo , Chen Libao
Published: April 2023

Lithium (Li) metal anodes have the highest theoretical capacity and lowest electrochemical potential making them ideal for Li metal batteries (LMBs). However, Li dendrite formation on the anode impedes the proper discharge capacity and practical cycle life of LMBs, particularly in carbonate electrolytes. Herein, we developed a reactive alternative polymer named P(St‐MaI) containing carboxylic acid and cyclic ether moieties which would in situ form artificial polymeric solid electrolyte interface (SEI) with Li. This SEI can accommodate volume changes and maintain good interfacial contact. The presence of carboxylic acid and cyclic ether pendant groups greatly contribute to the induction of uniform Li ion deposition. In addition, the presence of benzyl rings makes the polymer have a certain mechanical strength and plays a key role in inhibiting the growth of Li dendrites. As a result, the symmetric Li||Li cell with P(St‐MaI)@Li layer can stably cycle for over 900 h under 1 mA cm−2 without polarization voltage increasing, while their Li||LiFePO4 full batteries maintain high capacity retention of 96 % after 930 cycles at 1C in carbonate electrolytes. The innovative strategy of artificial SEI is broadly applicable in designing new materials to inhibit Li dendrite growth on Li metal anodes.
Insertion of Chemical Handles into the Backbone of DNA during Solid‐Phase Synthesis by Oxidative Coupling of Amines to Phosphites
Authors: Hansen Rikke A. , Märcher Anders , Pedersen Kristian Nørgaard , Gothelf Kurt V.
Published: April 2023

Conjugation of molecules or proteins to oligonucleotides can improve their functional and therapeutic capacity. However, such modifications are often limited to the 5′ and 3′ end of oligonucleotides. Herein, we report the development of an inexpensive and simple method that allows for the insertion of chemical handles into the backbone of oligonucleotides. This method is compatible with standardized automated solid‐phase oligonucleotide synthesis, and relies on formation of phosphoramidates. A unique phosphoramidite is incorporated into a growing oligonucleotide, and oxidized to the desired phosphoramidate using iodine and an amine of choice. Azides, alkynes, amines, and alkanes have been linked to oligonucleotides via internally positioned phosphoramidates with oxidative coupling yields above 80 %. We show the design of phosphoramidates from secondary amines that specifically hydrolyze to the phosphate only at decreased pH. Finally, we show the synthesis of an antibody‐DNA conjugate, where the oligonucleotide can be selectively released in a pH 5.5 buffer.
Superatom‐in‐Superatom Nanoclusters: Synthesis, Structure, and Photoluminescence
Authors: Yi Hanseok , Song Suhwan , Han Sang Myeong , Lee Jieun , Kim Woojae , Sim Eunji , Lee Dongil
Published: April 2023

We report a new strategy in which a thiolate‐protected Ag25 nanocluster can be doped with open d‐shell group 8 (Ru, Os) and 9 (Ir) metals by forming metal hydride (RuH2, OsH2, IrH) superatoms with a closed d‐shell. Structural analyses using various experimental and theoretical methods revealed that the Ag25 nanoclusters were co‐doped with the open d‐shell metal and hydride species to produce superatom‐in‐superatom nanoclusters, establishing a novel superatom doping phenomenon for open d‐shell metals. The synthesized superatom‐in‐superatom nanoclusters exhibited dopant‐dependent photoluminescence (PL) properties. Comparative PL lifetime studies of the Ag25 nanoclusters doped with 8–10 group metals revealed that both radiative and nonradiative processes were significantly dependent on the dopant. The former is strongly correlated with the electron affinity of the metal dopant, whereas the latter is governed predominantly by the kernel structure changed upon the doping of the metal hydride(s).
Enhanced Electrochemical Nitrate‐to‐Ammonia Performance of Cobalt Oxide by Protic Ionic Liquid Modification
Authors: Qin Danni , Song Shaojia , Liu Yanrong , Wang Ke , Yang Bing , Zhang Suojiang
Published: April 2023

Electrochemical conversion of nitrate to ammonia is an appealing way for small‐scale and decentralized ammonia synthesis and waste nitrate treatment. Currently, strategies to enhance the reaction performance through elaborate catalyst design have been well developed, but it is still of challenge to realize the promotion of reactivity and selectivity at the same time. Instead, a facile method of catalyst modification with ionic liquid to modulate the electrode surface microenvironment that mimic the role of the natural MoFe protein environment is found effective for the simultaneous improvement of NH3 yield rate and Faradaic efficiency (FE) at a low NaNO3 concentration of 500 ppm. Protic ionic liquid (PIL) N‐butylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Bim]NTf2) modified Co3O4−x is fabricated and affords the NH3 yield rate and FE of 30.23±4.97 mg h−1 mgcat.−1 and 84.74±3.43 % at −1.71 and −1.41 V vs. Ag/AgCl, respectively, outperforming the pristine Co3O4−x. Mechanistic and theoretical studies reveal that the PIL modification facilitates the adsorption and activation of NO3− as well as the NO3−‐to‐NH3 conversion and inhibits hydrogen evolution reaction competition via enhancing the Lewis acidity of the Co center, shuttling protons, and constructing a hydrogen bonded and hydrophobic electrode surface microenvironment.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Photoreduction of Carborane Phosphonium Salts: Efficient Synthesis of Carborane‐Oxindole‐Pharmaceutical Hybrids
Authors: Liu Qiang , Zhang Bei‐Bei , Sheng He , Qiao Sen , Wang Zhi‐Xiang , Chen Xiang‐Yu
Published: April 2023

Visible‐light‐induced photoreaction of carboranes is an effective approach to prepare carborane‐containing compounds. While several methods involving boron‐centered carboranyl radicals have been established, those for carbon‐centered carboranyl radicals are underdeveloped, except for the UV‐light‐promoted photohomolysis. Herein, we describe a simple but effective approach to access carbon‐centered carboranyl radicals by photoreduction of carborane phosphonium salts under blue light irradiation without using transition metals and photocatalysts. The utility of the method was demonstrated by successfully preparing a range of carborane‐oxindole‐pharmaceutical hybrids by radical cascade reactions. Computational and experimental studies suggest that the carbon‐centered carboranyl radicals are generated by single‐electron transfer of the photoactive charge‐transfer complexes between the salts and the additive potassium acetate.
Evaluation of thermal and mechanical properties of continuous fiberglass reinforced thermoplastic composite fabricated by fused deposition modeling
Authors: Naik Mahesh , Thakur Dineshsingh , Salunkhe Sachin
Published: April 2023

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is utilized to fabricate continuous fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTPCs) and can be considered an alternative to conventional processes. In present study, the specimens are 3D printed in Markforged Mark Two composite 3D printer by considering Onyx as matrix material and fiberglass as reinforcing material. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of Onyx and fiberglass materials are done to investigate their thermal stability and composition. The effect of infill pattern and fiber orientation on tensile and drop impact properties are examined. The TGA results show that the initial decomposition in Onyx is higher compared to fiberglass due to more evaporation of moisture content in Onyx. The FTIR analysis confirmed that the spectrum for both materials is same within the range of wave number from 4000 to 1500 cm−1. The tensile test results represent that the specimen with triangular infill pattern and 0°/90° fiber orientation resulted in maximum tensile strength of 148.01 MPa and the drop impact test results showed that the triangular infill pattern with 0°/90° fiber orientation absorbs maximum impact energy which is 14.90% and 8.98% higher compared to honeycomb and rectangular pattern respectively. Further, the fracture behavior study is carried out based on the optical images of fractured specimens.
Electrospinning of smart fibrous nanocomposite based on graphene/polydiacetylene
Authors: Afsari Nasim , Eslahi Niloofar , Varsei Mehdi , Ghanbari Hajar
Published: April 2023

This study aims to produce smart nanocomposite fibers using the electrospinning method for potential sensing applications. For this purpose, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polydiacetylene (PDA) solutions at two different ratios are prepared and electrospun at the voltage of 15 kV, distance to the collector of 15 cm, and the flow rate of 1 mL/h. To enhance the mechanical properties and sensitivity of the fibers, graphene oxide (GO) is then added to the polymer solution at different percentages of 0.5 to 2 wt%, and electrospinning is performed under the optimized conditions. Based on SEM analysis, with increasing the percentage of GO, the average fiber diameter decreases from 180 nm (without graphene) to 150 nm (1.5 wt% GO) due to the higher conductivity of the polymer solution after incorporation of GO. FTIR spectra reveal the possible hydrogen bonding between the components. In order to investigate the colorimetric behavior of the electrospun nanofibers, they are subjected to various temperatures and pHs, and a color change from bluish‐purple to reddish‐pink is observed due to conformational changes in PDA macromolecules. Finally, DSC results confirm the higher thermal stability of the nanocomposite fibers containing GO. Therefore, the fabricated thermochromic nanofibers are potentially appropriate candidates as sensors.
Preparation of polyaniline‐poly(ethylene‐vinyl acetate) film: Resistivity in the ESD range
Authors: Uppugalla Susmitha , Srinivasan Palaniappan
Published: April 2023

Films of polyaniline (PANI) salt with poly (ethylene‐vinyl acetate) (EVA) with two different PANI salts, PANI‐methane sulfonic acid (PANI‐MSA) and PANI‐p‐toluene sulfonic acid (PANI‐PTSA) are prepared by solution processing technique for electrostatic discharge (ESD) application. PANI‐MSA/PANI‐PTSA salts were synthesized by emulsion polymerization pathway then dispersed the PANI salt in xylene solvent. EVA was dissolved in xylene solvent. Series of PANI salt/EVA films were prepared by mixing a particular amount of PANI dispersion to a fixed amount of EVA solution and evaporated the solvent. PANI‐EVA films were evaluated by tensile strength, elongation at break and surface resistivity measurements. The results of PANI‐MSA/EVA films are compared with the results of PANI‐PTSA/EVA films. Also, PANI‐MSA/EVA and PANI‐PTSA/EVA solutions are coated on different substrates and measured their electrical resistivity for ESD application. Morphological study and thermal behaviors of PANI‐MSA/EVA films are carried through FE‐SEM and TGA respectively. Sphere morphology of EVA changed to swollen sheet like morphology with the addition of PANI, and the spaces between the sheets increased with the increase in PANI content. The surface resistivity of the EVA‐PANI films are found to be in the range of 104–108 Ω sq−1, which is suitable for ESD application.
Effect of the polyacrylonitrile mass fraction on the structure of coaxial polyacrylonitrile/mesophase pitch composite fibers
Authors: Zhou Zhengyu , Zhang Ke , Xu Lianghua , Deng Zhuoyin , Li Changqing
Published: April 2023

To minimize structural heterogeneity during graphitization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐based carbon fibers, the present authors prepare coaxial composite fibers with PAN as the skin and a PAN/MP mixture as the core by wet spinning with coaxial spinning needles. With increasing PAN mass fraction in the skin‐layer solution, the crystallinity of the coaxial composite fibers increases from 24.3% to 31.4%, and the crystal plane spacing of the coaxial composite fibers decreases from 0.529 to 0.523 nm. The tensile strength of the coaxial composite fibers increases by 122%, attributable to the crystallinity increase from 24.3% at 10 wt% PAN to 31.4% at 15 wt% PAN. Scanning electron microscope images of the coaxial fibers demonstrate that the cortical region changes from a porous, loose structure to a less porous, denser structure. Gray value testing of the coaxial composite fibers shows that transition layers formed at the interface between the cortex and core layers, which was formed for the outward diffusion of the core‐layer MP and PAN mixed solution. With increasing PAN mass fraction, because of the high viscosity of the cortical PAN solution, diffusion of the core‐layer mixed solution to the cortical layer decreases, resulting in a 75.2% increase in the core area ratio of the coaxial composite fibers.
ONIX: An X‐ray deep‐learning tool for 3D reconstructions from sparse views
Authors: Zhang Yuhe , Yao Zisheng , Ritschel Tobias , Villanueva‐Perez Pablo
Published: April 2023

Time‐resolved three‐dimensional (3D) X‐ray imaging techniques rely on obtaining 3D information for each time point and are crucial for materials‐science applications in academia and industry. Standard 3D X‐ray imaging techniques like tomography and confocal microscopy access 3D information by scanning the sample with respect to the X‐ray source. However, the scanning process limits the temporal resolution when studying dynamics and is not feasible for many materials‐science applications, such as cell‐wall rupture of metallic foams. Alternatives to obtaining 3D information when scanning is not possible are X‐ray stereoscopy and multi‐projection imaging, but these approaches suffer from limited volumetric information as they only acquire a very small number of views or projections compared to traditional 3D scanning techniques. Here, we present optimized neural implicit X‐ray imaging (ONIX), a deep‐learning algorithm capable of retrieving a continuous 3D object representation from only a small and limited set of sparse projections. ONIX is based on an accurate differentiable model of the physics of X‐ray propagation. It generalizes across different instances of similar samples to overcome the limited volumetric information provided by limited sparse views. We demonstrate the capabilities of ONIX compared to state‐of‐the‐art tomographic reconstruction algorithms by applying it to simulated and experimental datasets, where a maximum of eight projections are acquired. ONIX, although it does not have access to any volumetric information, outperforms unsupervised reconstruction algorithms, which reconstruct using single instances without generalization over different instances. We anticipate that ONIX will become a crucial tool for the X‐ray community by (i) enabling the study of fast dynamics not possible today when implemented together with X‐ray multi‐projection imaging and (ii) enhancing the volumetric information and capabilities of X‐ray stereoscopic imaging.
Creating a school‐based mental health program to meet the needs of children in underserved communities and schools: The Derner Hempstead Child Clinic
Authors: Sapountzis Ionas , Lombardi Karen , O’Loughlin Michael , Daisy‐Etienne Nicole , Vaughans Kirkland , Jones Yvette , Narain Tiffany , Wheeler Elzinette
Published: April 2023

There is an increasing tendency in the field to develop partnerships between schools and mental health (MH) clinics to address the MH needs of children in schools. Such initiatives are particularly important in providing services to children who attend underfunded and understaffed schools in underserved communities. These initiatives face several challenges that can interfere with the delivery of services. The present paper presents the challenges the Derner Hempstead Child Clinic clinic has faced in providing MH services to the children and families in the town of Hempstead, and in striving to become a source of support to the community.
Radiation exposure in emergency ureteric stenting: A subgroup analysis by operator
Authors: Tree Kevin , Chang Nicholas , Huynh Roy , Indrajit Balasubramaniam , Fisher Dean , Baskaranathan Sris
Published: April 2023

Objectives

To review radiation exposure during emergency ureteric stent insertion to identify differences based on operator experience, specialty operator and stone characteristics.

Patients and methods

A retrospective audit over 10 years was performed for patients who underwent emergency stent insertion for urolithiasis with intraoperative fluoroscopy. Outcomes measured included operator experience, radiation exposure (mGy), dose area product (Gy/cm2), fluoroscopy time, stone characteristics and patient BMI. Analysis was performed in IBM SPSS Version 28. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Four hundred ten patients were identified, with a median age of 57 years, 64.6% male and a median BMI of 30. Urolithiasis was left‐sided in 50.8%, with a median size of 7 mm and predominantly proximal (49%) followed by mid (34.5%) and distal (12.1%) location. Median radiation exposure was 12.6 mGy, 2.94 Gy/cm2 and fluoroscopy time 44.5 s, with no significant difference between consultants and registrars. No significant association between radiation exposure for subgroups of stone location, gender, size, laterality or specialty registrar (general surgery vs. urology).

Conclusion

No significant difference in radiation exposure was identified between registrars and consultants or between subspecialty registrars. We suggest formal radiation safety education for all health professionals involved with intra‐operative fluoroscopy and personal dosimeters.
Using self‐monitoring to increase on‐task behaviors of students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) in inclusive classrooms in Turkey (Türkiye)
Authors: Sulu Mehmet D. , Martella Ronald C. , Kiyak Uzeyir Emre
Published: April 2023

Self‐monitoring interventions have been found to be effective in improving the on‐task behaviors of students with a wide range of disabilities. However, there are ongoing limitations in the literature, including the (a) lack of planning in generalization and maintenance, (b) interventions are predominantly conducted in segregated settings, and (c) inadequate number of data points collected in each condition. In the current study, self‐monitoring was used to improve the on‐task behavior of three elementary school students with ADHD in inclusive classrooms in Turkey. A concurrent multiple‐baseline across‐participants design was used. Generalization and maintenance were programmed via sequential modification, partial withdrawal, and continuous data collection. Additionally, classroom teachers rated the students' overall classroom behaviors in each data collection session. Based on the visual and the effect size analyses (i.e., performance criteria‐based effect size [PCES]), the intervention was effective in improving the students' on‐task behaviors. The self‐monitoring intervention had 1.18 (high effect), 1.06 (effective) in generalization, and 1.14 (effective) in the first maintenance set and 1.03 (effective) in the second maintenance data set. The teacher ratings aligned with the increased on‐task behaviors of the students. Implications for practice are discussed.
Phytochemical profile analysis by LC–ESI–MSn and LC–HR‐ESI–MS and validated HPLC method for quantification of rutin in herbal drug and products from leaves of Croton blanchetianus
Authors: dos Santos Dantas Thainá , Machado Janaína Carla Barbosa , dos Santos Ewelyn Cintya Felipe , de Oliveira Alisson Macário , Raimundo e Silva Joanda Paolla , Tavares Josean Fechine , Assunção Ferreira Magda Rhayanny , Soares Luiz Alberto Lira
Published: April 2023

Phytochemical analysis of Croton blanchetianus leaves was performed by. After that, a high performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the determination of rutin in herbal drug and products of C. blanchetianus. The separation was achieved on a C18 column, and the mobile phase was composed of ultrapure water and methanol (acidified with trifluoroacetic acid) with a gradient of 0.8 ml/min. The method was validated following international guidelines. The chemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids. Among them rutin was used as the standard for validation. In the HPLC the presence of rutin was observed at 24.7 min. The method was robust, with no significant variations, and linear in the range evaluated with R2 > 0.99. Regarding the matrix effect, it was possible to prove the absence of interference of the constituents in the herbal drug. The precision was determined with a relative standard deviation of <1.34%. The recovery results were achieved between 89.29 and 101.21%. Furthermore, with partial validation, the method was proved to be suitable for the liquid extract, dry extract and effervescent granules. Therefore, this study demonstrated that the method is effective for the quality control analysis of C. blanchetianus leaves and products.
Biological effects of exposure to 2650 MHz electromagnetic radiation on the behavior, learning, and memory of mice
Authors: Zheng Rongqi , Zhang Xianxie , Gao Yan , Gao Dawen , Gong Wenjing , Zhang Chenggang , Dong Guofu , Li Zhihui
Published: April 2023

Background

With the development of communication technology, the public is paying increasing attention to whether electromagnetic radiation is harmful to health. Mobile phone communication has entered the 5G era, and there are almost no reports on electromagnetic radiation at 2650 MHz. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the risk of adverse effects of 5G mobile phone EMR exposure on the human brain.

Methods

Male animals were continuously exposed to 2650 MHz‐EMR for 28 days with a whole‐body averaged specific absorption rate (WBSAR) of 2.06 W/kg for 4 h per day. Mouse behavior was assessed using the open‐field test (OFT), elevated‐plus maze (EPM), and tail suspension test (TST). The Morris water maze (MWM), HE staining, and TUNEL staining were used to evaluate the spatial memory ability and pathological morphology of hippocampal dentate gyrus cells. Additionally, the expression levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glucocorticoid (GR) in the hippocampus were detected by western blotting and immunohistochemistry, while the corticosterone (CORT) level in serum was detected by ELISA.

Results

In the OFT, the total distance traveled, central distance traveled, and residence time significantly decreased in the EMR exposure group (p < .05). In EPM, the percentage of the number of times to open the arm and the percentage of time to open the arm significantly decreased in the EMR exposure group. However, in the TST, the two groups had no significant difference in the 4‐min immobility time. In the MWM, the escape latency of the EMR exposure group was shorter than that of the control group, with no significant difference. Furthermore, CORT levels in serum were significantly increased in the EMR exposure group (p < .05), while the expression of BDNF and GR proteins in the hippocampus was reduced (p < .05), but there was no significant difference in GABA expression.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that exposure to 2650 MHz‐EMR (WBSAR: 2.06 W/kg, 28 days, 4 h per day) had no significant effect on the spatial memory ability of mice (in comparison to little effect). The exposure may be associated with anxiety‐like behavior in mice but not related to depression‐like behavior in mice.
Phase II study (KAMELEON) of single‐agent T‐DM1 in patients with HER2‐positive advanced urothelial bladder cancer or pancreatic cancer/cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: de Vries Elisabeth G. E. , Rüschoff Josef , Lolkema Martijn , Tabernero Josep , Gianni Luca , Voest Emile , de Groot Derk Jan A. , Castellano Daniel , Erb Gilles , Naab Julia , Donica Margarita , Deurloo Regula , van der Heijden Michiel S. , Viale Giuseppe
Published: April 2023

The antibody‐drug conjugate trastuzumab emtansine (T‐DM1) is approved for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/ERBB2)–positive breast cancer. We aimed to study tumor HER2 expression and its effects on T‐DM1 responses in patients with HER2‐positive urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) or pancreatic cancer (PC)/cholangiocarcinoma (CC). In the phase II KAMELEON study (NCT02999672), HER2 status was centrally assessed by immunohistochemistry, with positivity defined as non‐focal homogeneous or heterogeneous overexpression of HER2 in ≥30% of stained cells. We also performed exploratory biomarker analyses (e.g., gene‐protein assay) on tissue samples collected from study participants and consenting patients who failed screening. Of the 284 patients successfully screened for HER2 status (UBC, n = 69; PC/CC, n = 215), 13 with UBC, four with PC, and three with CC fulfilled eligibility criteria. Due to recruitment difficulty, the sponsor terminated KAMELEON prematurely. Of the five responders in the UBC cohort (overall response rate, 38.5%), HER2 expression was heterogeneous in two and homogeneous in three. The one responder in the PC/CC cohort had PC, and the tumor displayed homogeneous expression. In the biomarker‐evaluable population, composed of screen‐failed and enrolled patients, 24.3% (9/37), 1.5% (1/66), and 8.2% (4/49) of those with UBC, PC, or CC, respectively, had HER2‐positive tumors. In a gene‐protein assay combining in situ hybridization with immunohistochemistry, greater HER2 homogeneity was associated with increased ERBB2 amplification ratio. In conclusion, KAMELEON showed that some patients with HER2‐positive UBC or PC can respond to T‐DM1 and provided insight into the prevalence of HER2 positivity and expression patterns in three non‐breast tumor types.
Health‐related quality of life in survivors of advanced melanoma treated with anti‐PD1‐based immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Looman E. L. , Cheng P. F. , Lai‐Kwon J. , Morgan L. , Wakkee M. , Dummer R. , Dimitriou F.
Published: April 2023

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly improved survival in advanced melanoma but are associated with immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). This single center, cross‐sectional survey aimed to describe the long‐term symptom burden and impact on health‐related quality of life (HRQL) of advanced melanoma patients with sustained disease control following treatment with ICIs.

Methods

Advanced melanoma patients (stage IIB, III or IV, AJCCv8), treated with anti‐PD1‐based ICIs, who were off‐treatment and had at least 6 months follow‐up from their last infusion with an ongoing response in the metastatic setting or no evidence of disease recurrence in the adjuvant setting. A paper‐based questionnaire, consisting of the EORTC QLQ‐C30, EORTC QLQ‐FA12, and the PRO‐CTCAE was administered.

Results

Of 90 participants, 61 (68%) completed the questionnaire; 40 received single‐agent anti‐PD1, and 21 anti‐PD1/anti‐CTLA4. Thirty‐three (54%) were treated in the adjuvant setting. At the time of enrolment, 31 (51%) participants had active treatment for a previous irAE. Overall, 18/61 (30%) participants reported long‐term symptoms and trouble in physical and emotional functioning. Physical fatigue was common and interfered with daily activities (n = 12, 20%). In the PRO‐CTCAE questionnaire, muscle ache (n = 12, 20%) and joint ache (n = 9, 15%) were commonly reported. Despite this, participants reported overall good health (6.00, range 2.00–7.00) and reasonable level of HRQL (6.00, range 3.00–7.00).

Discussion

Melanoma survivors experience long‐term symptoms in physical and psychosocial HRQL domains after ICI treatment. These results underline the importance to address existing gaps in survivorship care, implement these findings in clinical practice and increase awareness for long‐term symptoms in these patients.
Learning from long‐term adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors regarding their age‐specific care needs to improve current AYA care programs
Authors: Janssen Silvie H. M. , Vlooswijk Carla , Manten‐Horst Eveliene , Sleeman Sophia H. E. , Bijlsma Rhodé M. , Kaal Suzanne E. J. , Kerst Jan Martijn , Tromp Jacqueline M. , Bos Monique E. M. M. , van der Hulle Tom , Lalisang Roy I. , Nuver Janine , Kouwenhoven Mathilde C. M. , van der Graaf Winette T. A. , Husson Olga
Published: April 2023

Background

Despite growing (inter)national awareness and appreciation, age‐specific care is still not always self‐evident and accepted as standard of care for adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients. It is unknown whether long‐term AYA cancer survivors have missed age‐specific care, and if so, which survivors missed it and regarding which topics.

Methods

The Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR) identified all long‐term AYA cancer survivors (aged 18–39 years at initial cancer diagnosis, 5–20 years past diagnosis) in the Netherlands, who were invited to participate in a population‐based, observational, cross‐sectional questionnaire study (SURVAYA study), including questions on care needs.

Results

In total, 3.989 AYAs participated (35.3% response rate). One‐third of them had a need for age‐specific care (33.5%), 41.2% had no need and 25.3% did not know whether they had a need. Those who had a need for age‐specific care were significantly more often female, higher educated, diagnosed at a younger age, and treated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy or hormone therapy. Most frequent topics were disease and treatment (29.7%), emotions (24.1%), friends (22.6%), family and children (15.6%), fertility and pregnancy (14.8%), work and reintegration (10.5%), care not tailored (13.8%), and overarching care and life (27.7%). Palliative care (0.0%), spirituality (0.2%), death (0.7%), complementary care (0.7%), and late effects (1.3%) were mentioned least.

Conclusions

A substantial proportion of long‐term AYA cancer survivors showed a need for age‐specific care, varying by sociodemographic and clinical factors, on a wide variety of topics, which could be targeted to improve current AYA care services.
A review of safeguarding in grassroots football: Children and young people's perspectives
Authors: Monk Claire
Published: April 2023

In 2021, Birmingham County Football Association (BCFA) in partnership with Newman University carried out a quantitative online review to assess coaches, volunteers, parents and young people's understanding of safeguarding information, policies and procedures in relation to football. This paper examines the findings from the children (aged 5–11) and young people (aged 12–17) using the Six Principles of Safeguarding to assess the current safeguarding measures in place to protect children and young people (CYP) playing grassroots football. The review found that whilst most CYP felt safe when playing organised football, there were some concerns raised from the young people in relation to angry parents, abuse and racism. Most children in both groupings had heard of the term safeguarding, but fewer had heard of the term welfare, and struggled to explain what welfare meant. A key finding and concern is that many CYP are not aware of the role of the Club Welfare Officer at their football club or that this might be someone to whom they can disclose issues concerning them. Furthermore, it became evident that further research, awareness raising and implementation of listening to and acting on children's voices needs to be fully embedded into safeguarding practice in children and young people's organised football.
Indolocarbazole‐Based Multiple‐Resonance Molecules: an Emerging Class of Full‐Color, Narrowband Emitters for Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wang Xiang , Duan Lian , Zhang Dongdong
Published: April 2023

Narrowband emitters based on the multiple resonance (MR) effect have shown great promises for applications in high‐definition displays. Though most reported MR emitters adopt the boron‐ and nitrogen‐doped triangulene‐like skeleton following the design of the DABNA series, MR materials with the nitrogen‐only indolocarbazole structures have recently emerged and demonstrated good color tunability from violet to deep red and impressive electroluminescence performances in terms of both efficiency and stability. Herein, we will summarize indolocarbazole‐based MR materials in recent reports, with emphasis on their molecular design, synthesis, photophysical and electroluminescence properties as well as some future research directions to unlock the full potential of this fascinating class of materials.