bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Population Pharmacokinetics and Exposure–Response Analysis of Tremelimumab 300 mg Single Dose Combined with Durvalumab 1500 mg Q4W (STRIDE) in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Lim KyoungSoo , Abegesah Aburough , Fan Chunling , He Jimmy Zhijian , Song Xuyang , Chen Cecil , Negro Alejandra , Makowsky Mallory , Gupta Charu , Ren Song , Phipps Alex , Gibbs Megan , Zhou Diansong
Published: June 2023

A novel single‐dose regimen of 300 mg tremelimumab in combination with durvalumab (STRIDE) has demonstrated a favorable benefit–risk profile in the phase 1/2 Study 22 trial (in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, uHCC) and in the phase 3 HIMALAYA study. The current analysis evaluated the population pharmacokinetics (PopPK) of tremelimumab and durvalumab, and the exposure–response (ER) relationship for efficacy and safety of STRIDE in patients with uHCC. Previous PopPK models for tremelimumab and durvalumab were updated using data from previous studies in various cancers combined with data from Study 22 and HIMALAYA. Typical population mean parameters and associated inter‐ and intra‐individual variability were assessed, as was the influence of covariates. Individual exposure metrics were derived from the individual empirical Bayes estimates as drivers for ER analysis related to efficacy and safety from HIMALAYA. The observed pharmacokinetics of tremelimumab in uHCC were well described by a 2‐compartment model with both linear and time‐dependent clearance. All identified covariates changed tremelimumab PK parameters by <25%, and thus had minimal clinical relevance; similar results were obtained from durvalumab PopPK analysis. None of tremelimumab or durvalumab exposure metrics were significantly associated with overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), or adverse events. Baseline aspartate aminotransferase and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were associated with OS (P < .001) by the Cox proportional hazards model. No covariate was identified as a significant factor for PFS. No dose adjustment for tremelimumab or durvalumab is needed based on PopPK covariate analyses or ER analyses. Our findings support the novel STRIDE dosing regimen in patients with uHCC.
Natural sources and controlling factors of urea–nitrogen concentrations in agricultural drainage ditches
Authors: Klick Sabrina A. , Pitula Joseph S. , Bryant Ray B. , Collick Amy S. , May Eric B. , Pisani Oliva
Published: June 2023

Agricultural drainage ditches accumulate high urea–nitrogen (N) concentrations even in the absence of urea fertilizer applications to adjacent crop fields. The accumulated urea, and other bioavailable forms of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), can be flushed downstream during substantial rainfall events altering downstream water quality and phytoplankton communities. Sources of urea–N supporting its accumulation in agricultural drainage ditches are poorly understood. A ditch flooding event was simulated using mesocosms with N treatment solutions and monitored for changes in N concentrations, physicochemical properties, dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition, and N cycling enzymes. N concentrations were also monitored in field ditches after two rainfall events. Urea–N concentrations were higher with DON enrichment, but the treatment effects were temporary. The DOM released from the mesocosm sediments was dominated by terrestrial‐derived, high molecular weight material. The lack of microbial‐derived DOM and evidence from the bacterial gene abundances in the mesocosms suggests that urea–N accumulation after rainfall may not be associated with fresh biological inputs. The urea–N concentrations after spring rainfall and flooding with DON substrates indicated the urea from fertilizers may only temporarily affect urea–N concentrations in drainage ditches. Because urea–N concentrations increased with a high degree of DOM humification, sources of urea may derive from the slow decomposition of complex DOM structures. This study provides further insights of sources contributing to high urea–N concentrations and the types of DOM released from drainage ditches to nearby surface waters after hydrological events.
International genetic counseling: What do genetic counselors actually do?
Authors: Ormond Kelly E. , Hayward Laura , Wessels Tina‐Marié , Patch Christine , Weil Jon
Published: June 2023

We conducted an exploratory survey of genetic counselors internationally to assess similarities and differences in reported practice activities. Between November 2018 and January 2020 we conducted a mass emailing to an estimated 5600 genetic counselors in different countries and regions. We obtained 189 useable responses representing 22 countries, which are included in an aggregate manner. Data from countries with 10 or more responses, comprising 82% of the total (N = 156), are the primary focus of this report: Australia (13), Canada (26), USA (59), UK (17), France (12), Japan (19) and India (10). Twenty activities were identified as common (≥74%) across these countries, encompassing most subcategories of genetic counseling activity. Activities with most frequent endorsement include: reviewing referrals and medical records and identifying genetic testing options as part of case preparation; taking family and medical histories; performing and sharing risk assessment; and educating clients about basic genetic information, test options, outcomes and implications, including management recommendations on the basis of the test results. Genetic counselors also consistently establish rapport, tailor the educational process, facilitate informed decision making and recognize factors that may impact the counseling interaction. The least endorsed activities were in the Medical History category. Notable differences between countries were observed in the endorsement of 33 activities, primarily in the Contracting and Establishing Rapport, Family History, Medical History, Assessing Patients Psychosocially and Providing Psychosocial Support categories. Generalizations about international practice patterns are limited by the low response rate. However, this study is, to our knowledge, the first to systematically compare the clinical practice and specific activities of genetic counselors working in different countries.
Single current follower differential input transconductance amplifier based grounded lossy capacitance multiplier with large multiplication factor
Authors: Shrivastava Meghana , Kumar Pragati , Raj Ajishek , Bhaskar D. R.
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a new lossy capacitance multiplier (CM) circuit using a single current follower differential input transconductance amplifier (CFDITA), one resistor and one capacitor (virtually grounded) is presented. The proposed circuit does not require any passive component matching constraints and has independently controllable equivalent capacitance with a multiplication factor up to 7102. Both ideal and non‐ideal analyses of the proposed CM circuit are carried out and compared. The performance of the proposed CM circuit is validated using a CMOS CFDITA and its validity is supported by various analyses including frequency analysis, transient analysis, Monte‐Carlo analysis and temperature analysis. The workability of the proposed circuit is also tested using layout design, and its pre and post‐simulated results are appended. The results are further confirmed with experimental results using the AD844 and LM13700 ICs with CFDITA implementation.
Added value of an atmospheric circulation pattern‐based statistical downscaling approach for daily precipitation distributions in complex terrain
Authors: Böker Brian , Laux Patrick , Olschewski Patrick , Kunstmann Harald
Published: June 2023

Reliable prediction of heavy precipitation events causing floods in a world of changing climate is crucial for the development of appropriate adaption strategies. Many attempts to provide such predictions have already been conducted but there is still much potential for improvement left. This is particularly true for statistical downscaling of heavy precipitation due to changes present in the corresponding atmospheric drivers. In this study, a circulation pattern (CP) conditional downscaling to the station level is proposed which considers occurring frequency changes of CPs. Following a strict circulation‐to‐environment approach we use atmospheric predictors to derive CPs. Subsequently, precipitation observations are used to derive CP conditional cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of daily precipitation. Raw precipitation time series are sampled from these CDFs. Bias correction is applied to the sampled time series with quantile mapping (QM) and parametric transfer functions (PTFs) as methods being tested. The added value of this CP conditional downscaling approach is evaluated against the corresponding common non‐CP conditional approach. The performance evaluation is conducted by using Kling–Gupta Efficiency (KGE), root mean squared error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE) metrics. In both cases the applied bias correction is identical. Potential added value can therefore only be attributed to the CP conditioning. It can be shown that the proposed CP conditional downscaling approach is capable of yielding more reliable and accurate downscaled daily precipitation time series in comparison to a non‐CP conditional approach. This can be seen in particular for the extreme parts of the distribution. Above the 95th percentile, an average performance gain of +0.24 and a maximum gain of +0.6 in terms of KGE is observed. These findings support the assumption of conserving and utilizing atmospheric information through CPs can be beneficial for more reliable statistical precipitation downscaling. Due to the availability of these atmospheric predictors in climate model output, the presented method is potentially suitable for downscaling precipitation projections.
Novel 3D printed lattice structure titanium cages evaluated in an ovine model of interbody fusion
Authors: Johnson James W. , Gadomski Ben , Labus Kevin , Stewart Holly , Nelson Brad , Seim Howie , Regan Dan , von Stade Devin , Kelly Cambre , Horne Phillip , Gall Ken , Easley Jeremiah
Published: June 2023

Background

The use of intervertebral cages within the interbody fusion setting is ubiquitous. Synthetic cages are predominantly manufactured using materials such as Ti and PEEK. With the advent of additive manufacturing techniques, it is now possible to spatially vary complex 3D geometric features within interbody devices, enabling the devices to match the stiffness of native tissue and better promote bony integration. To date, the impact of surface porosity of additively manufactured Ti interbody cages on fusion outcomes has not been investigated. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the effect of implant endplate surface and implant body architecture of additive manufactured lattice structure titanium interbody cages on bony fusion.

Methods

Biomechanical, microcomputed tomography, static and dynamic histomorphometry, and histopathology analyses were performed on twelve functional spine units obtained from six sheep randomly allocated to body lattice or surface lattice groups.

Results

Nondestructive kinematic testing, microcomputed tomography analysis, and histomorphometry analyses of the functional spine units revealed positive fusion outcomes in both groups. These data revealed similar results in both groups, with the exception of bone‐in‐contact analysis, which revealed significantly improved bone‐in‐contact values in the body lattice group compared to the surface lattice group.

Conclusion

Both additively manufactured porous titanium cage designs resulted in increased fusion outcomes as compared to PEEK interbody cage designs as illustrated by the nondestructive kinematic motion testing, static and dynamic histomorphometry, microcomputed tomography, and histopathology analyses. While both cages provided for similar functional outcomes, these data suggest boney contact with an interbody cage may be impacted by the nature of implant porosity adjacent to the vertebral endplates.
Hyperbranched Polymer‐Based Vaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Guo Yunqi , Shen Mingwu , Wang Yong , Shi Xiangyang
Published: June 2023

Recently, several immunotherapeutic strategies are extensively studied and entered clinical investigation, suggesting their potential to lead a new generation of cancer therapy. Particularly, a cancer vaccine that combines tumor‐associated antigens and immune adjuvants with a nanocarrier holds huge promise for inducing specific antitumor immune responses. Hyperbranched polymers, such as dendrimers and branched polyethylenimine (PEI) possessing abundant positively charged amine groups and inherent proton sponge effect are ideal carriers of antigens. Much effort is devoted to design dendrimer/branched PEI‐based cancer vaccines. Herein, the recent advances in the design of dendrimer/branched PEI‐based cancer vaccines for immunotherapy are reviewed. The future perspectives with regard to the development of dendrimer/branched PEI‐based cancer vaccines are also briefly discussed.
Recording sensory nerve action potential using different electrode types
Authors: Nandedkar Sanjeev D. , Barkhaus Paul E.
Published: June 2023

Introduction/Aims

Switching between different types of electrodes during motor and sensory nerve conduction studies adds time to a study. We investigated the use of disposable disc electrodes (DDE) used for motor nerve conduction studies to record the antidromic sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) in median, ulnar and radial sensory nerve conduction studies.

Methods

The SNAP was recorded using four different electrode types: reusable ring, reusable bar, disposable ring, and DDE in a random rotating order. Studies were performed in healthy subjects. Other than being an adult with no history of neuromuscular disease, there were no exclusion criteria.

Results

We studied 20 subjects (11 females, 9 males; age 41.1 ± 15.7 y). The SNAP waveforms recorded by all four electrode types were similar. There was no statistically significant difference in the onset latency, peak latency (PL), negative peak amplitude (NPA), peak to peak amplitude, or conduction velocity. In individual nerve recordings, the absolute PL difference between reusable ring electrodes (our current standard) and DDE was less than 0.2 ms in 58 of 60 (97%) nerves. The mean absolute NPA difference was 3.1 μV (standard deviation = 2.85 μV). Recordings with NPA difference >5 μV also had high NPA and/or had large artifacts.

Discussion

DDE may be used for performing motor and sensory nerve conduction studies. This can reduce the time required for electrodiagnostic testing.
Validation and Comparison of Age Estimates for Smallmouth Buffalo in Oklahoma Based on Otoliths, Pectoral Fin Rays, and Opercula
Authors: Long James M. , Snow Richard A. , Shoup Daniel E. , Bartnicki Jory B.
Published: June 2023

With an increased interest in nongame fishes such as buffalofishes (Catostomidae, Ictiobus), there is a need for better foundational data on their life history. Bigmouth Buffalo I. cyprinellus, for example, have been found to live for more than a century. Age estimates for other sucker species have similarly suggested long life spans, but validation studies as reference points are often lacking. We conducted a 3-year study on Smallmouth Buffalo I. bubalus in Oklahoma to validate annual increments on three hard part structures (otoliths [lapilli], pectoral fin rays, and opercula) typically used for age estimation. We marked wild fish with oxytetracycline (OTC) injection and stocked those fish into a hatchery pond to create a population of fish with known times since marking. Furthermore, reproduction in the pond allowed us to validate annulus formation in young fish. We analyzed 117 fish and found that otoliths were more reliable, precise, and accurate than the other two structures for detecting OTC marks and counting annuli. Age estimates, from 1 to 61 years, were greatest when otoliths were used, with 99% of estimates corresponding to known time since marking or known age. Otoliths appear to be the only reliable structure for accurately estimating the age of Smallmouth Buffalo within 1 year of actual age, and their use indicates that this species can live for more than six decades in Oklahoma.
Nanomaterials: An overview of synthesis, classification, characterization, and applications
Authors: Mekuye Bawoke , Abera Birhanu
Published: June 2023

Significant research employing nanomaterials has been conducted in the field of nanotechnology over the past few years. Due to the significant advancements made in a number of industries, including electronics, energy, medical, cosmetics, food engineering, telecommunications, and agriculture, nanotechnology is advancing quickly. As a result, nanomaterials are the foundation of nanotechnology. Due to their small size, nanomaterials have special optical, magnetic, electrical, and physical, reactivity, strength, surface area, sensitivity, and stability features. Surprisingly, the phase change occurs when bulk materials are converted into nanomaterials, which means that materials that were previously non‐magnetic become magnetic at the nanoscale. Because of its unique features, nanoscale matter is a separate form of matter from the solid, liquid, gaseous, and plasma states. Nanomaterials' characteristics are mostly determined by their shapes and sizes. In this paper a critical overview of nanomaterials, their varieties, characteristics, synthesis techniques, and applications in various fields is offered.
A transcriptomic landscape analysis of human necrotizing enterocolitis: Important roles of immune infiltration
Authors: Xie Zhuojun , Kang Quan , Shi Yulu , Du Junbao , Jiang Hao
Published: June 2023

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most common and destructive diseases in neonates and an unpredictable surgical emergency. However, the molecular pathological mechanism of NEC is still not well understood. This study was designed to provide a molecular basis for the pathogenesis of human NEC through bioinformatics analysis and immune infiltration. For RNA‐Seq, DEseq2 algorithm was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and to perform functional enrichment analysis. Immune infiltration was analyzed by CIBERSORT algorithm. A total of 34,712 genes were detected and 7463 DEGs were identified in this study. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly involved in CCR1 chemokine receptor binding, transporter activity, growth factor binding, etc. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in the toll‐like receptor signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, and cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction. The immune infiltration profiles varied significantly between NEC, NEC self‐control, and normal intestinal tissues. Finally, the expression levels of 21 DEGs were verified by reverse transcription quantitative real‐time PCR. Our findings may provide new insights into the development of NEC.
Predicting favorable response to intravenous morphine in pediatric critically ill cardiac patients
Authors: Sperotto Francesca , Emani Siva , Zhu Lin , Delgado Marlòn , Santillana Mauricio , Kheir John N.
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Analgesia and sedation are integral to the care of critically ill children. However, the choice and dose of the analgesic or sedative drug is often empiric, and models predicting favorable responses are lacking. We aimed to compute models to predict a patient's response to intravenous morphine.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data from consecutive patients admitted to the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (January 2011–January 2020) who received at least one intravenous bolus of morphine. The primary outcome was a decrease in the State Behavioral Scale (SBS) ≥1 point; the secondary outcome was a decrease in the heart rate Z‐score (zHR) at 30 min. Effective doses were modeled using logistic regression, Lasso regression, and random forest modeling.

Results

A total of 117,495 administrations of intravenous morphine among 8140 patients (median age 0.6 years [interquartile range [IQR] 0.19, 3.3]) were included. The median morphine dose was 0.051 mg/kg (IQR 0.048, 0.099) and the median 30‐day cumulative dose was 2.2 mg/kg (IQR 0.4, 15.3). SBS decreased following 30% of doses, did not change following 45%, and increased following 25%. The zHR significantly decreased after morphine administration (median delta‐zHR −0.34 [IQR−1.03, 0.00], p < 0.001). The following factors were associated with favorable response to morphine: A concomitant infusion of propofol, higher prior 30‐day cumulative dose, being invasively ventilated and/or on vasopressors. Higher morphine dose, higher zHR pre‐morphine, an additional analgosedation bolus ±30 min around the index bolus, a concomitant ketamine or dexmedetomidine infusion, and showing signs of withdrawal syndrome were associated with unfavorable response. Logistic regression (area under the receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve [AUC] 0.900) and machine learning models (AUC 0.906) performed comparably, with a sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 71%, and negative predictive value of 97%.

Conclusions

Statistical models identify 95% of effective intravenous morphine doses in pediatric critically ill cardiac patients, while incorrectly suggesting an effective dose in 29% of cases. This work represents an important step toward computer‐aided, personalized clinical decision support tool for sedation and analgesia in ICU patients.
Emergent Diffeomorphism Invariance in Toy Models
Authors: Nikolić Hrvoje
Published: June 2023

Conceptual difficulties in semiclassical and quantum gravity arise from diffeomorphism invariance of classical general relativity. With a motivation to shed some light on these difficulties, a class of toy models for which one‐dimensional diffeomorphism invariance, namely time‐reparametrization invariance, emerges at the classical level from energy conservation are studied. An attempt to quantize the models while taking the invariance seriously leads to toy versions of the problem of time in quantum gravity, of the cosmological constant problem, and of the black hole firewall problem. Nevertheless, all these problems are easily resolved by taking into account that the invariance emerges only at the classical level, while the fundamental theory that needs to be quantized is not diffeomorphism invariant.
Model‐based prediction of progression‐free survival for combination therapies in oncology
Authors: Baaz Marcus , Cardilin Tim , Jirstrand Mats
Published: June 2023

Progression‐free survival (PFS) is an important clinical metric for comparing and evaluating similar treatments for the same disease within oncology. After the completion of a clinical trial, a descriptive analysis of the patients' PFS is often performed post hoc using the Kaplan–Meier estimator. However, to perform predictions, more sophisticated quantitative methods are needed. Tumor growth inhibition models are commonly used to describe and predict the dynamics of preclinical and clinical tumor size data. Moreover, frameworks also exist for describing the probability of different types of events, such as tumor metastasis or patient dropout. Combining these two types of models into a so‐called joint model enables model‐based prediction of PFS. In this paper, we have constructed a joint model from clinical data comparing the efficacy of FOLFOX against FOLFOX + panitumumab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. The nonlinear mixed effects framework was used to quantify interindividual variability (IIV). The model describes tumor size and PFS data well, and showed good predictive capabilities using truncated as well as external data. A machine‐learning guided analysis was performed to reduce unexplained IIV by incorporating patient covariates. The model‐based approach illustrated in this paper could be useful to help design clinical trials or to determine new promising drug candidates for combination therapy trials.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of Mesoporous La2CrMnO6 Double Perovskite for Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Singh Anup , Vasishth Ajay , Kumar Ashok
Published: June 2023

Mesoporous La2CrMnO6 double perovskite is successfully synthesized using the hydrothermal technique, and characterized its physicochemical properties using X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The synthesized material exhibits a high surface area of 57.07 m2 g−1, providing more active sites for electrochemical charge storage. The electrochemical performance of the La2CrMnO6 as an electrode material is evaluated for the first time, which reveals an excellent specific capacitance of 1416 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 in a three‐electrode setup. Results suggest that mesoporous La2CrMnO6 double perovskite is a promising electrode material for electrochemical energy storage applications.
The Effects of Thermal Annealing and Postirradiation on Silver Nanoparticle Films Fabricated by Pulsed Laser Deposition in the Flowless Open Air
Authors: Bonjakhi Mohsen , Mahdieh Mohammad Hossein
Published: June 2023

Herein, Ag nanoparticle (NP) films are fabricated by pulsed laser deposition technique in the flowless atmospheric air. A Q‐switched Nd:YAG pulsed laser beam is used for the ablation process. The fabricated NP films are postirradiated by the pulsed laser beam. In addition, as‐deposited NP films are annealed in argon gas flow ambient for 45 min at different temperatures (250, 350, and 450 °C), and also annealed at 450 °C for 15, 30, and 45 min. The characteristics of fabricated NP films are investigated after postirradiating by pulsed laser beam, and thermal annealing in Ar gas flow. UV–vis absorption spectroscopy is utilized to provide surface plasmon resonance (SPR) characteristics of films. The results show that thermal annealing can lead to strong enhancement, and also narrowing of the SPR spectrum. The results of field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy show that the annealing and postirradiation processes can influence the NPs size and film structure. As an application, the fabricated film is utilized for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) using a 10−6 molar aqueous solution of Rhodamine 6G. The SERS results indicate that the annealed NP films become more sensitive than the as‐deposited films.
Electrical Properties of a p‐SnOx/n‐SnOx Diode on a Flexible Polyimide Substrate
Authors: Garzon-Fontecha Angelica , Castillo Harvi A. , Regalado Angel , Valdez Ricardo , Cota-Araiza Leonel , De La Cruz Wencel
Published: June 2023

In recent years, flexible electronics have been an area of considerable interest due to the development of materials such as transparent semiconductor oxides, which are compatible with flexible substrates. Herein, lithography and magnetron sputtering are used to fabricate a flexible p–n diode of SnOx thin films on a polyimide substrate and electrical characterization is performed by varying the bending cycles. Using specific oxygen concentrations in the reactive gas mixture of the sputtering system, transparent p‐SnO0.8 (8.0% ppO2) and n‐SnO1.2 (18.5% ppO2) on polyimide substrates are successfully deposited. Electrical results show the SnOx diode exhibits a threshold voltage of 2.24 V and a great rectification ratio of 102. It is found the diode has excellent I–V rectifying behavior even when subjected to bending with a radius of curvature of 10 mm. It is important to note that after 200 bending cycles at a curvature radius of 50 mm, the p‐SnOx/n‐SnOx diode retains its rectifying behavior, making it attractive for large‐scale applications in transparent and flexible electronics.
Electronic, Magnetic, and Elastic Features of Quaternary Heusler Alloys: FeVScSb and FeVYSb
Authors: Bensehil Ilhem , Baaziz Hakim , Ghellab Torkia , Charifi Zoulikha , Kolli Ahlem , Guechi Nacir
Published: June 2023

This study employs density functional theory to investigate the structural, elastic, electronic, and magnetic properties of FeVScSb and FeVYSb Heusler compounds. FeVScSb exhibits ferromagnetic properties in its stable state, whereas FeVYSb displays ferrimagnetic behavior. The obtained elastic constants (Cij) indicate that FeVScSb and FeVYSb possess mechanical stability and ductility, while also displaying a significant degree of elastic anisotropy. The aggregate magnetic moment of said alloys is determined to be equivalent to 3 μB, in accordance with the Slater–Pauling principle. The investigation of the impact of uniform strain on electronic and magnetic characteristics is conducted. The findings indicate that FeVScSb and FeVYSb exhibit semiconductivity within extensive lattice parameter intervals, ranging from 5.84 to 6.60 Å for FeVScSb and from 6.11 to 6.70 Å for FeVYSb. The Heusler compounds FeVScSb and FeVYSb exhibit half‐metallic behavior within a range of lattice parameters. Specifically, FeVScSb displays this behavior when the lattice parameter varies from 6.61 to 6.72 Å, while FeVYSb exhibits half‐metallicity within the range of 6.71–6.81 Å. Under the influence of strain, the magnetic moment retains a constant value of 3 μB. Therefore, the potential for spintronics is promising.
Unconventional Nonequilibrium Phase Stabilization in FeNi Alloy Examined by Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy
Authors: Billgates LeBert Sam , Jacob George Antilen , Sellaiyan Selvakumar , Joseyphus Raphel Justin
Published: June 2023

The equilibrium FeNi alloy prefers face centered cubic (fcc) phase whereas the formation of metastable phases through certain low‐temperature synthesis methods is obscure. FeNi alloy exhibiting nonequilibrium body centered cubic (bcc) structure beyond 5 at% Ni is obtained through chemical reduction at 453 K with noticeable lattice shrinkage. Positron lifetime analysis and Doppler broadening spectroscopy are employed to probe the correlation between defects and phase stability. The mean lifetime of the chemically synthesized alloys is larger than 300 ps, implying an average of 7‐vacancy cluster. The modified two‐state trapping model reveals defect concentration in the range of , on par with irradiated alloys. Significant deviation in the high‐momentum component between the bulk and chemically synthesized samples is correlated to the changes in 3d electrons. The Fe and FeNi alloy uncover significant contraction in d‐band of Fe which facilitates bcc phase stabilization above 5 at% Ni through cluster vacancy formation.
Selective and Stable CO2 Electroreduction to CH4 via Electronic Metal–Support Interaction upon Decomposition/Redeposition of MOF
Authors: Liu Guanyu , Trinh Quang Thang , Wang Haojing , Wu Shuyang , Arce‐Ramos Juan Manuel , Sullivan Michael B. , Kraft Markus , Ager Joel W. , Zhang Jia , Xu Rong
Published: June 2023

The CO2 electroreduction to fuels is a feasible approach to provide renewable energy sources. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct experimental and theoretical investigations on various catalyst design strategies, such as electronic metal–support interaction, to improve the catalytic selectivity. Here a solvent‐free synthesis method is reported to prepare a copper (Cu)‐based metal–organic framework (MOF) as the precursor. Upon electrochemical CO2 reduction in aqueous electrolyte, it undergoes in situ decomposition/redeposition processes to form abundant interfaces between Cu nanoparticles and amorphous carbon supports. This Cu/C catalyst favors the selective and stable production of CH4 with a Faradaic efficiency of ≈55% at −1.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) for 12.5 h. The density functional theory calculation reveals the crucial role of interfacial sites between Cu and amorphous carbon support in stabilizing the key intermediates for CO2 reduction to CH4. The adsorption of COOH* and CHO* at the Cu/C interface is up to 0.86 eV stronger than that on Cu(111), thus promoting the formation of CH4. Therefore, it is envisioned that the strategy of regulating electronic metal–support interaction can improve the selectivity and stability of catalyst toward a specific product upon electrochemical CO2 reduction.
Quantum Dot‐Siloxane Anchoring on Colloidal Quantum Dot Film for Flexible Photovoltaic Cell
Authors: Kim Changjo , Kozakci Irem , Lee Sang Yeon , Kim Byeongsu , Kim Junho , Lee Jihyung , Ma Boo Soo , Oh Eun Sung , Kim Taek‐Soo , Lee Jung‐Yong
Published: June 2023

Lead sulfide (PbS) colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are promising materials for next‐generation flexible solar cells because of near‐infrared absorption, facile bandgap tunability, and superior air stability. However, CQD devices still lack enough flexibility to be applied to wearable devices owing to the poor mechanical properties of CQD films. In this study, a facile approach is proposed to improve the mechanical stability of CQDs solar cells without compromising the high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the devices. (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTS) is introduced on CQD films to strengthen the dot‐to‐dot bonding via QD‐siloxane anchoring, and as a result, crack pattern analysis reveals that the treated devices become robust to mechanical stress. The device maintains 88% of the initial PCE under 12 000 cycles at a bending radius of 8.3 mm. In addition, APTS forms a dipole layer on CQD films, which improves the open circuit voltage (VOC) of the device, achieving a PCE of 11.04%, one of the highest PCEs in flexible PbS CQD solar cells.
Exploring the Cutting‐Edge Frontiers of Electrochemical Random Access Memories (ECRAMs) for Neuromorphic Computing: Revolutionary Advances in Material‐to‐Device Engineering
Authors: Nikam Revannath Dnyandeo , Lee Jongwon , Lee Kyumin , Hwang Hyunsang
Published: June 2023

Advanced materials and device engineering has played a crucial role in improving the performance of electrochemical random access memory (ECRAM) devices. ECRAM technology has been identified as a promising candidate for implementing artificial synapses in neuromorphic computing systems due to its ability to store analog values and its ease of programmability. ECRAM devices consist of an electrolyte and a channel material sandwiched between two electrodes, and the performance of these devices depends on the properties of the materials used. This review provides a comprehensive overview of material engineering strategies to optimize the electrolyte and channel materials' ionic conductivity, stability, and ionic diffusivity to improve the performance and reliability of ECRAM devices. Device engineering and scaling strategies are further discussed to enhance ECRAM performance. Last, perspectives on the current challenges and future directions in developing ECRAM‐based artificial synapses in neuromorphic computing systems are provided.
Transition Metal Single‐Atom Catalysts for the Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction: Mechanism, Synthesis, Characterization, Application, and Prospects
Authors: Xiang Tianyi , Liang Yuntao , Zeng Yuxi , Deng Jie , Yuan Jili , Xiong Weiping , Song Biao , Zhou Chengyun , Yang Yang
Published: June 2023

Excessive accumulation of nitrate in the environment will affect human health. To combat nitrate pollution, chemical, biological, and physical technologies have been developed recently. The researcher favors electrocatalytic reduction nitrate reaction (NO3RR) because of the low post‐treatment cost and simple treatment conditions. Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) offer great activity, exceptional selectivity, and enhanced stability in the field of NO3RR because of their high atomic usage and distinctive structural characteristics. Recently, efficient transition metal‐based SACs (TM‐SACs) have emerged as promising candidates for NO3RR. However, the real active sites of TM‐SACs applied to NO3RR and the key factors controlling catalytic performance in the reaction process remain ambiguous. Further understanding of the catalytic mechanism of TM‐SACs applied to NO3RR is of practical significance for exploring the design of stable and efficient SACs. In this review, from experimental and theoretical studies, the reaction mechanism, rate‐determining steps, and essential variables affecting activity and selectivity are examined. The performance of SACs in terms of NO3RR, characterization, and synthesis is then discussed. In order to promote and comprehend NO3RR on TM‐SACs, the design of TM‐SACs is finally highlighted, together with the current problems, their remedies, and the way forward.
Bioinspired Environment‐Adaptable and Ultrasensitive Multifunctional Electronic Skin for Human Healthcare and Robotic Sensations
Authors: Zhang Chi , Wu Mengxi , Cao Shuye , Liu Mengjing , Guo Di , Kang Zhan , Li Ming , Ye Dong , Yang Zhuoqing , Wang Xuewen , Xie Zhaoqian , Liu Junshan
Published: June 2023

Multifunctional electronic skins (e‐skins) that can sense various stimuli have demonstrated increasing potential in many fields. However, most e‐skins are human‐oriented that cannot work in hash environments such as high temperature, underwater, and corrosive chemicals, impairing their applications, especially in human‐machine interfaces, intelligent machines, robotics, and so on. Inspired by the crack‐shaped sensory organs of spiders, an environmentally robust and ultrasensitive multifunctional e‐skin is developed. By developing a polyimide‐based metal crack‐localization strategy, the device has excellent environment adaptability since polyimide has high thermal stability and chemical durability. The localized cracked part serves as an ultrasensitive strain sensing unit, while the non‐cracked serpentine part is solely responsible for temperature. Since the two units are made of the same material and process, the signals are decoupled easily. The proposed device is the first multifunctional e‐skin that can be used in harsh environments, therefore is of great potential for both human and robot‐oriented applications.
LncRNA AC012360.1 facilitates growth and metastasis by regulating the miR‐139‐5p/LPCAT1 axis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Yun , Liu Ying , Shi Xue
Published: June 2023

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. However, whether lncRNA AC012360.1 contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. In HCC tissues, differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified by bioinformatics. AC012360.1 level was validated and its role in HCC progression was investigated. Among the top 10 upregulated lncRNAs, AC012360.1 exhibited the greatest increase in HCC tissues. Additionally, AC012360.1 was upregulated in HCC tissues/cells. Moreover, AC012360.1 knockdown refrained cell proliferation/metastasis and tumor growth. Conversely, AC012360.1 overexpression showed an oncogenic role. AC012360.1 and lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) contained miR‐139‐5p binding sites. Furthermore, miR‐139‐5p silencing partially mitigated the role of AC012360.1 knockdown, while LPCAT1 knockdown partially abolished the tumor‐promoting effect of AC012360.1 overexpression. In conclusion, AC012360.1 exhibited its oncogenic function in HCC through sponging miR‐139‐5p and upregulating LPCAT1 expression.
Cadmium‐induced pyroptosis is mediated by PERK/TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling in SH‐SY5Y cells
Authors: Li Zhihui , Shi Yan , Wang Yougang , Qi Haomin , Chen Haiyu , Li Jinquan , Li Li
Published: June 2023

Cadmium (Cd) is a hypertoxic heavy metal that may be exposed to environmental pollutants by humans and animals. It can lead to cognitive disfunction, and is linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Cadmium reportedly can induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, but few studies have concentrated on it in nerve cells, and the connection between ER stress and neuroinflammation. In this study, in vitro experiments on SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were carried out. We aimed at exploring whether Cd attributed to the cell pyroptosis and the role of PERK in promoting this form of cell damage which can induce strong inflammatory responses. Our results demonstrated that CdCl2 treatment induced excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, caused significant modifications in the expression of PERK and increased TXNIP, NLRP3, IL‐1β, IL‐18, and caspase1 in SH‐SY5Y cells. In addition, scavenging ROS with N‐acetylcysteine or inhibiting the expression of PERK by using GSK2606414, rescued the SH‐SY5Y cells from cadmium‐induced pyroptosis. In conclusion, the results suggest that Cd induces pyroptotic death of SH‐SY5Y cells through ER stress, and this may be the potential mechanism of Cd incurring neurological diseases.
Einleitung und Gang der Forschungsarbeit
Authors: Rakers Marius
Published: June 2023

Im Zuge der Digitalisierung befinden sich die Arbeitsprozesse vieler Wirtschaftssektoren im Wandel. Auch die Bankenbranche hat ihre Dienstleistungen in den vergangenen Jahren dieser Entwicklung angepasst. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt dabei auf dem Massenzahlungsverkehr. Mehr als jede zweite Person in Deutschland nutzt für die alltäglichen Bankgeschäfte das Online-Banking.
Ausblick
Authors: Rakers Marius
Published: June 2023

Die Echtzeitüberweisung führt durch ihre schnellere Umsetzung zu einer flexibleren Nutzbarkeit des Buchgeldes. Damit hat das Buchgeld, welches ohnehin zunehmend für alltägliche Geschäfte im privaten und unternehmerischen Bereich eingesetzt wird, ein weiteres Charakteristikum des Bargeldes angenommen. Wie das Bargeld kann auch Buchgeld nunmehr an jedem Tag im Jahr innerhalb kürzester Zeit an den Empfänger übermittelt werden.
Numerical Simulation of the Shear Behaviour of Cement Grout
Authors: Chen Jianhang , Li Yongliang , Zhang Junwen
Published: June 2023

Cement is grey fine powder that is widely used in civil engineering and mining engineering.
Analytical Studying the Confining Medium Diameter Impact on Load-Carrying Capacity of Rock Bolts
Authors: Chen Jianhang , Li Yongliang , Zhang Junwen
Published: June 2023

Rock bolts are tendons or cables that are commonly used in mining engineering and civil engineering to reinforce excavated rock masses or soils.
On a class of conformal $$ \mathcal{E} $$-models and their chiral Poisson algebras
Authors: Lacroix Sylvain
Published: June 2023

Abstract

In this paper, we study conformal points among the class of $$ \mathcal{E} $$
E
-models. The latter are σ-models formulated in terms of a current Poisson algebra, whose Lie-theoretic definition allows for a purely algebraic description of their dynamics and their 1-loop RG-flow. We use these results to formulate a simple algebraic condition on the defining data of such a model which ensures its 1-loop conformal invariance and the decoupling of its observables into two chiral Poisson algebras, describing the classical left- and right-moving fields of the theory. In the case of so-called non-degenerate $$ \mathcal{E} $$
E
-models, these chiral sectors form two current algebras and the model takes the form of a WZW theory once realised as a σ-model. The case of degenerate $$ \mathcal{E} $$
E
-models, in which a subalgebra of the current algebra is gauged, is more involved: the conformal condition yields a wider class of theories, which includes gauged WZW models but also other examples, seemingly different, which however sometimes turn out to be related to gauged WZW models based on other Lie algebras. For this class, we build non-local chiral fields of parafermionic-type as well as higher-spin local ones, forming classical $$ \mathcal{W} $$
W
-algebras. In particular, we find an explicit and efficient algorithm to build these local chiral fields. These results (and their potential generalisations discussed at the end of the paper) open the way for the quantisation of a large class of conformal $$ \mathcal{E} $$
E
-models using the standard operator formalism of two-dimensional CFT.
Occurrence of corneal sub-epithelial microneuromas and axonal swelling in people with diabetes with and without (painful) diabetic neuropathy
Authors: Sierra-Silvestre Eva , Andrade Ricardo J. , Colorado Luisa H. , Edwards Katie , Coppieters Michel W.
Published: June 2023

Aims/hypothesis

Non-invasive in vivo corneal confocal microscopy is gaining ground as an alternative to skin punch biopsy to evaluate small-diameter nerve fibre characteristics. This study aimed to further explore corneal nerve fibre pathology in diabetic neuropathy.

Methods

This cross-sectional study quantified and compared corneal nerve morphology and microneuromas in participants without diabetes (n=27), participants with diabetes but without distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (DSPN; n=33), participants with non-painful DSPN (n=25) and participants with painful DSPN (n=18). Clinical and electrodiagnostic criteria were used to diagnose DSPN. ANCOVA was used to compare nerve fibre morphology in the central cornea and inferior whorl, and the number of corneal sub-epithelial microneuromas between groups. Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare the type and presence of corneal sub-epithelial microneuromas and axonal swelling between groups.

Results

Various corneal nerve morphology metrics, such as corneal nerve fibre length and density, showed a progressive decline across the groups (p<0.001). In addition, axonal swelling was present more frequently (p=0.018) and in higher numbers (p=0.03) in participants with painful compared with non-painful DSPN. The frequency of axonal distension, a type of microneuroma, was increased in participants with painful and non-painful DSPN compared to participants with diabetes but without DSPN and participants without diabetes (all p≤0.042). The combined presence of all microneuromas and axonal swelling was increased in participants with painful DSPN compared with all other groups (p≤0.026).

Conclusions/interpretation

Microneuromas and axonal swelling in the cornea increase in prevalence from participants with diabetes to participants with non-painful DSPN and participants with painful DSPN.

Graphical Abstract
Interaction between plasma phospholipid odd-chain fatty acids and GAD65 autoantibodies on the incidence of adult-onset diabetes: the EPIC-InterAct case–cohort study
Authors: Lampousi Anna-Maria , Carlsson Sofia , Löfvenborg Josefin E. , Cabrera-Castro Natalia , Chirlaque María-Dolores , Fagherazzi Guy , Franks Paul W. , Hampe Christiane S. , Jakszyn Paula , Koulman Albert , Kyrø Cecilie , Moreno-Iribas Conchi , Nilsson Peter M. , Panico Salvatore , Papier Keren , van der Schouw Yvonne T. , Schulze Matthias B. , Weiderpass Elisabete , Zamora-Ros Raul , Forouhi Nita G. , Sharp Stephen J. , Rolandsson Olov , Wareham Nicholas J.
Published: June 2023

Aims/hypothesis

Islet autoimmunity may progress to adult-onset diabetes. We investigated whether circulating odd-chain fatty acids (OCFA) 15:0 and 17:0, which are inversely associated with type 2 diabetes, interact with autoantibodies against GAD65 (GAD65Ab) on the incidence of adult-onset diabetes.

Methods

We used the European EPIC-InterAct case–cohort study including 11,124 incident adult-onset diabetes cases and a subcohort of 14,866 randomly selected individuals. Adjusted Prentice-weighted Cox regression estimated HRs and 95% CIs of diabetes in relation to 1 SD lower plasma phospholipid 15:0 and/or 17:0 concentrations or their main contributor, dairy intake, among GAD65Ab-negative and -positive individuals. Interactions between tertiles of OCFA and GAD65Ab status were estimated by proportion attributable to interaction (AP).

Results

Low concentrations of OCFA, particularly 17:0, were associated with a higher incidence of adult-onset diabetes in both GAD65Ab-negative (HR 1.55 [95% CI 1.48, 1.64]) and GAD65Ab-positive (HR 1.69 [95% CI 1.34, 2.13]) individuals. The combination of low 17:0 and high GAD65Ab positivity vs high 17:0 and GAD65Ab negativity conferred an HR of 7.51 (95% CI 4.83, 11.69), with evidence of additive interaction (AP 0.25 [95% CI 0.05, 0.45]). Low dairy intake was not associated with diabetes incidence in either GAD65Ab-negative (HR 0.98 [95% CI 0.94, 1.02]) or GAD65Ab-positive individuals (HR 0.97 [95% CI 0.79, 1.18]).

Conclusions/interpretation

Low plasma phospholipid 17:0 concentrations may promote the progression from GAD65Ab positivity to adult-onset diabetes.

Graphical Abstract