bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisiting Gaussian Markov random fields and Bayesian disease mapping
Authors: MacNab Ying C
Published: November 2022

We revisit several conditionally formulated Gaussian Markov random fields, known as the intrinsic conditional autoregressive model, the proper conditional autoregressive model, and the Leroux et al. conditional autoregressive model, as well as convolution models such as the well known Besag, York and Mollie model, its (adaptive) re-parameterization, and its scaled alternatives, for their roles of modelling underlying spatial risks in Bayesian disease mapping. Analytic and simulation studies, with graphic visualizations, and disease mapping case studies, present insights and critique on these models for their nature and capacities in characterizing spatial dependencies, local influences, and spatial covariance and correlation functions, and in facilitating stabilized and efficient posterior risk prediction and inference. It is illustrated that these models are Gaussian (Markov) random fields of different spatial dependence, local influence, and (covariance) correlation functions and can play different and complementary roles in Bayesian disease mapping applications.
Efficient algorithms for survival data with multiple outcomes using the frailty model
Authors: Huang Xifen , Xu Jinfeng , Zhou Yunpeng
Published: November 2022

Survival data with multiple outcomes are frequently encountered in biomedical investigations. An illustrative example comes from Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study where the cognitively normal subjects may clinically progress to mild cognitive impairment and/or Alzheimer’s disease dementia. Transition time from normal cognition to mild cognitive impairment and that from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s disease are expected to be correlated within subjects and the dependence is often accommodated by the frailty (random effects). Estimation in the frailty model unavoidably involves multiple integrations which may be intractable and hence leads to severe computational challenges, especially in the presence of high-dimensional covariates. In this paper, we propose efficient minorization–maximization algorithms in the frailty model for survival data with multiple outcomes. The alternating direction method of multipliers is further incorporated for simultaneous variable selection and homogeneity pursuit via regularization and fusion. Extensive simulation studies are conducted to assess the performance of the proposed algorithms. An application to the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative data is also provided to illustrate their practical utilities.
Bayesian inference for Cox proportional hazard models with partial likelihoods, nonlinear covariate effects and correlated observations
Authors: Zhang Ziang , Stringer Alex , Brown Patrick , Stafford Jamie
Published: November 2022

We propose a flexible and scalable approximate Bayesian inference methodology for the Cox Proportional Hazards model with partial likelihood. The model we consider includes nonlinear covariate effects and correlated survival times. The proposed method is based on nested approximations and adaptive quadrature, and the computational burden of working with the log-partial likelihood is mitigated through automatic differentiation and Laplace approximation. We provide two simulation studies to show the accuracy of the proposed approach, compared with the existing methods. We demonstrate the practical utility of our method and its computational advantages over Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods through the analysis of Kidney infection times, which are paired, and the analysis of Leukemia survival times with a semi-parametric covariate effect and spatial variation.
Paramedic use and understanding of their professional code of conduct
Authors: Collings-Hughes Derek , Townsend Ruth , Williams Brett
Published: November 2022

Background

Paramedicine is a newly regulated profession in Australia and with the introduction of regulation in 2018 for this profession came increased responsibilities – including the introduction of a professional code of conduct. Several countries now have regulation of paramedicine and associated professional codes to guide ethical and professional behaviour. Despite this, there has been no published research into paramedic understanding and use of their professional codes.

Objectives

To explore Australian paramedics’ use and understanding of their professional code of conduct. Research design: This study used a qualitative descriptive design, underpinned by hermeneutic theory. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview data and identify Australian paramedic perceptions surrounding the use of their code of conduct.

Results

11 Registered Paramedics from several states and territories were interviewed. Participants were invited to interview by advertisement on social media and the Australasian College of Paramedicine Web site. Participants had varied professional backgrounds including clinical work, education providers and policymakers/managers. Four themes were identified as follows: Theme 1 – ‘You don’t know, what you can’t know’; Theme 2 – ‘I don’t need the code – the code is for others’; Theme 3 – ‘It’s about time’; Theme 4 – ‘Navigating the new profession’. Ethical considerations: Ethics approval was granted by the Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee (MUHREC) Project ID: 28921. All participants provided informed consent.

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that paramedics’ knowledge and use of their code is limited, and participants appeared to mostly rely instead on ‘common sense’ morals. Participants did appear to want to understand the broad concepts of the code more and have this better integrated into the profession. The code was also interpreted as important to the paramedic profession and its new professional status, helping to legitimise it as a health profession in Australia.
Nurses’ experiences of ethical and legal issues in post-resuscitation care: A qualitative content analysis
Authors: Zali Mahnaz , Rahmani Azad , Powers Kelly , Hassankhani Hadi , Namdar-Areshtanab Hossein , Gilani Neda
Published: November 2022

Background

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and subsequent care are subject to various ethical and legal issues. Few studies have addressed ethical and legal issues in post-resuscitation care.

Objective

To explore nurses’ experiences of ethical and legal issues in post-resuscitation care.

Research design

This qualitative study adopted an exploratory descriptive qualitative design using conventional content analysis.

Participants and research context

In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted in three educational hospital centers in northwestern Iran. Using purposive sampling, 17 nurses participated. Data were analyzed by conventional content analysis.

Ethical considerations

The study was approved by Research Ethics Committees at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Participation was voluntary and written informed consent was obtained. For each interview, the ethical principles including data confidentiality and social distance were respected.

Findings

Five main categories emerged: Pressure to provide unprincipled care, unprofessional interactions, ignoring the patient, falsifying documents, and specific ethical challenges. Pressures in the post-resuscitation period can cause nurses to provide care that is not consistent with guidelines, and to avoid communicating with physicians, patients and their families. Patients can also be labeled negatively, with early judgments made about their condition. Medical records can be written in a way to indicate that all necessary care has been provided. Disclosure, withdrawing, and withholding of therapy were also specific important ethical challenges in the field of post-resuscitation care.

Conclusion

There are many ethical and legal issues in post-resuscitation care. Developing evidence-based guidelines and training staff to provide ethical care can help to reduce these challenges.
Identification of Barriers in Handling Container Movement at the Port using AHP–Fuzzy AHP Approach
Authors: Chauhan Pradeep , Kumar Rupesh , Bangwal Deepak , Tiwari Saurabh
Published: November 2022

This study is to identify the barriers to port operation and container movement at the port. A multi-criterion decision-making (MCDM) framework based on analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy AHP is used to categorize and formulate the barriers, in a manner which effectively handles the subjectivity and complexity of the expert’s inputs. There were 12 main barriers identified in this study and analysed. This article uses structural analysis, which is based on a mix of academic and real-world applications. The barriers shown in a multi-level hierarchical model are a one-of-a-kind effort by the analyst in the ‘Port and Shipping’ domain. The key findings show that a lack of proper IT infrastructure in the port is a major impediment to container movement. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is used to confirm that the ranked barriers are suitable.
Disseminated T-cell lymphoma with non-epitheliotropic cutaneous involvement in a cat with erythematous patches and regenerative anemia
Authors: Robveille Cynthia , Kim Mark W. , Stayt Jason , Sharp Claire R. , Langner Kathrin F. A.
Published: November 2022

A 14-y-old, castrated male, diabetic, domestic longhaired cat was presented for investigation of anemia. General examination revealed widespread cutaneous erythematous macules and patches. Hematology and bone marrow aspiration revealed severe regenerative anemia and marked erythroid hyperplasia, respectively. Low numbers of intermediate-to-large, atypical lymphocytes were observed in the blood smear and bone marrow aspirates. Various imaging modalities demonstrated a diffuse pulmonary bronchial pattern, multifocal mural thickening of the urinary bladder, splenomegaly, and mild tri-cavitary effusion. Skin biopsies and cytologic examination of the pleural effusion demonstrated round-cell neoplasia consistent with lymphoma. Autopsy confirmed disseminated T-cell lymphoma, mostly affecting the urinary bladder, stomach, lymph nodes, and interscapular subcutis and muscles. Angiocentrism and nerve infiltration were present. The cutaneous erythematous patches, characterized by perivascular neoplastic lymphocytic infiltrates and angiodestruction, were a manifestation of the disseminated lymphoma in this cat, similar to the lesions reported in humans affected by angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma.
“It Only Reopens Old Wounds”: Lived Experiences of Amhara Genocide Survivors From the Miakadra Massacre in Ethiopia
Authors: Bihonegn Adugna Abebe , Mekonen Aleminew Abebe
Published: November 2022

Given the violent conflict and spiraling human rights violations over the last 3 years in Ethiopia, the mass killings and genocide have received little scholarly attention. This phenomenological study investigated the lived experiences of Amhara survivors of the Maikadra massacre, which occurred November 9–10, 2020, in northwestern Ethiopia. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 survivors who were purposefully selected to understand the meaning and essence of their lived experiences of the massacre. Data were transcribed, translated, and thematically analyzed using a qualitative phenomenological approach. Thematic analysis yielded seven themes centered on premassacre oppression and discrimination, traumatic experiences, emancipation, exacerbating stressors, postmassacre injustice, survivors’ primary needs, and coping mechanisms of massacre survivors. The article underscores the role of social workers and community workers in providing professional psychosocial programs and interventions to address massacre survivors’ specific needs as individuals, families, and communities.
Interaction integral approach for the Evaluation of Crack-front Singularities in a Solid Cantilever Beam under Magneto-Electro-Elastic loading using XFEM
Authors: Chadaram Srinivasu , Yadav Saurabh Kumar
Published: November 2022

In the piezoelectric energy harvesting devices, the most preferred is the cantilever beam orientation that can produce maximum deflection. Therefore, in this paper, three-dimensional fracture analysis of a cracked magneto-electro-elastic cantilever beam is studied using extended finite element methods (XFEM). The crack-front singularities like stress intensity factors (SIFs), electric displacement intensity factor (EDIF), and magnetic induction intensity factor (MIIF) are evaluated using the MEE interaction integral approach. The contour J-integral in domain form is solved with the asymptotic crack front fields as auxiliary fields using the Stroh formalism. The numerical results showed good agreement with the benchmark problem. Few case studies for the crack front singularities are presented using the proposed method. The results provided give useful guidance in the designing and manufacturing of smart devices.
A Brief Analysis on Clinical Severity of Mandibulofacial Dysostosis Guion-Almeida Type
Authors: Ulhaq Zulvikar Syambani , Soraya Gita Vita , Istifiani Lola Ayu , Pamungkas Syafrizal Aji , Arisanti Ditya , Dini Badariyatud , Astari Lina Fitria , Hasan Yuliono Trika Nur , Ayudianti Prida , Kusuma Muhammad A’raaf Sirojan , Shodry Syifaus , Herawangsa Sarah , Nurputra Dian Kesumapramudya , Idaiani Sri , Tse William Ka Fai
Published: November 2022

Objective

Genetic variants in EFTUD2 were proven to influence variable phenotypic expressivity in mandibulofacial dysostosis Guion-Almeida type (MFDGA) or mandibulofacial dysostosis with microcephaly (MFDM). Yet, the association between the severity of clinical findings with variants within the EFTUD2 gene has not been established. Thus, we aim to elucidate a possible genotype–phenotype correlation in MFDM.

Methods

Forty articles comprising 156 patients were evaluated. The genotype–phenotype correlation was analyzed using a chi-square or Fisher's exact test.

Results

The proportion of patients with MFDM was higher in Caucasian relative to Asian populations. Although, in general, there was no apparent genotype–phenotype correlation in patients with MFDM, Asians tended to have more severe clinical manifestations than Caucasians. In addition, cardiac abnormality presented in patients with intronic variants located in canonical splice sites was a predisposing factor in affecting MFDM severity.

Conclusion

Altogether, this article provides the pathogenic variants observed in EFTUD2 and possible genotype–phenotype relationships in this disease.
Creation of a Short-Form and Brief Short-Form Version of the Coping With Children’s Negative Emotions Scale
Authors: King Gabriella L. , Kehoe Christiane E. , Havighurst Sophie S. , Youssef George J. , Macdonald Jacqui A. , Dunsmore Julie C. , Berkowitz Tomer S. , Westrupp Elizabeth M.
Published: November 2022

The Coping with Children’s Negative Emotions Scale (CCNES) is a widely used measure of parent emotion socialization; however, it is a lengthy measure and it is unclear whether all items are appropriately aligned with, and fully capture, the underlying constructs. We aimed to examine content validity of the CCNES, evaluate the theoretical alignment between the CCNES and Gottman, Katz and Hooven’s meta-emotion theory, and develop two short-forms. Participants were parents of children aged 4 to 10 years ( N = 937) from the longitudinal study the Child and Parent Emotion Study ( https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/10/e038124 ). Content experts qualitatively evaluated parent-report items of the CCNES and additional items that measured empathy. Nineteen of the 84 items were found to not align with the meta-emotion theory. The latent structures of the CCNES and empathy subscales were quantitatively evaluated via confirmatory factor analysis. Items with poor psychometric properties were subsequently removed. An 18-item short-form (three emotion coaching subscales, three emotion dismissing subscales) and 6-item brief short-form (one emotion coaching subscale, one emotion dismissing subscale) with strong psychometric properties were created using a calibration sample ( n = 468, that is, 50% of N = 937) and cross-validated with a validation sample. The short-form CCNES measures provide viable, theoretically consistent alternatives to the original CCNES measure.
Prevalence and associated factors of cystoid macular edema in children with early onset inherited retinal dystrophies
Authors: Ben-Avi Ravid , Rivera Antonio , Hendler Karen , Sharon Dror , Banin Eyal , Khateb Samer , Yahalom Claudia
Published: November 2022

Purpose

To assess the prevalence of Cystoid macular edema (CME) in children with early onset retinal dystrophies (EORD) and to evaluate if there are associated factors and/or response to early treatment.

Methods

Consecutive, retrospective case series. Medical records of patients, 18 years or younger, diagnosed with EORD were included in the study. Optic coherence tomography (OCT) scans, clinical and genetic characteristics as well as other associated factors were analyzed. Main outcome was the presence of CME on OCT scans.

Results

One hundred and two children with EORD (aged 1–18 years, mean 9.7 ± 4.2) were recruited. OCT was performed in 60/102 and among them, 19/60 had CME (31.7%). The disease-causing gene was identified in 13 children with CME; autosomal-recessive inheritance was found in 88.3% of those with an identified genotype. Children with Usher syndrome had CME in 44.4% of the cases. Early treatment of CME resulted in variable response.

Conclusions

Our results show that 31.7% of children with EORD who underwent OCT have macular edema. CME prevalence was found to be relatively higher in children with Usher syndrome. Autosomal recessive was the most prevalent inheritance identified in the EORD group as well as in the CME group. Additional prospective research is needed to assess the efficacy of early CME treatment in pediatric EORD patients.
Making Informal Sacred Geographies: Spiritual Presence, Sensual Engagement, and Wayside Shrines in Urban India
Authors: Rao Ursula
Published: November 2022

Inspired by recent debates in material religion, and using the example of the central Indian city of Bhopal, this article characterizes an informal Hindu religious geography that flourishes in the interstices of India’s planned urbanity. The small wayside shrines that dot Indian cities usually arise spontaneously, created by believers who discern divine manifestations and begin to worship these. Traces of ritual activities animate others to follow suit and express their devotion, thus reinforcing the sites’ sacredness. The daily repetition of myriad minor ritual gestures maintains a dynamic religious geography, which in a recursive mode ties together devotees in an anonymous ritual community, whose members share a visual language and are inclined to take seriously the desire of deities to live among humans. With a focus on minor religion, and by concentrating on the social life of a cosmos of informal shrines, the text highlights a less-studied dimension of urban religion. It draws attention to the cumulative effect of lived practices and human–material entanglements, and complements discussions that frequently engage with omnipresent politics of formalization as well as competition of communities for attention and recognition in multireligious spaces.
Differing conceptions of a teaching approach in the activity system of a Japanese university language center
Authors: Schaefer Matthew Y.
Published: November 2022

The study looks at the case of a university language center in Japan that administers a compulsory English language course. To provide some level of standardization for the course, and to better meet the educational aims of the center, a content and language integrated learning (CLIL) teaching approach has been set as center policy. The research examines the different conceptions of CLIL that exist among the multiple teachers of the course, how these conceptions were developed, and what implications this has for centers that administer similar courses. Data were collected through one-to-one interviews. A phenomenographic analysis of the data reveals categories of the different conceptions of CLIL and how those conceptions were developed. Activity theory, and consideration of the teaching of the course as an activity system, is employed to consider how the use of a teaching approach policy impacts teachers’ engagement with working on the course. The study’s findings indicate that teachers teaching the same course have different conceptions of the policy-directed teaching approach that they are asked to use. This is partly due to the various ways in which they develop their conception of that teaching approach. These differences are viewed as a contradiction typical of an activity system. A key implication of this contradiction is that it may lead to benefits such as promoting peer interaction and engagement with the course. The deployment of activity theory to consider use of a teaching approach policy within a university center is unique and results in implications for other such centers.
Quantifying sex. Sex-tracking apps and users’ practices
Authors: Scarcelli Cosimo Marco
Published: November 2022

The motivation to use apps to measure and automate intimate aspects of life, including sexual behaviours, is growing. This research qualitatively collects diaries and interviews of 21 user experiences with sex-tracking apps, which are designed to help users evaluate and manage relationships via the quantification of sexual activities. The article seeks a tripartite understanding of how the apps are used as an instrument to (1) know oneself, (2) control one’s bodies and desires and (3) mapping, ordering and collecting sexual interactions. The results reveal that participatory innovation, performance prioritisation and trophy cataloguing are they key outcomes.
Mass-spectrometric studies of kinetic characteristics of codeine molecule thermodesorption by non-stationary surface ionization method
Authors: Rakhmanov GT , Usmanov DT
Published: November 2022

The adsorption and surface ionization of codeine molecules С18H21O3N ( m/z 299) on the surface of oxidized tungsten have been studied by a non-stationary method of voltage modulation under the same experimental conditions with a high-vacuum mass-spectrometric setup using a “black chamber” all walls of which are cooled with liquid nitrogen. For the codeine molecule dissociation with the [Formula: see text] bond breaking and formation of ionizable radicals, the rate constants K+ and K0, the activation energy Е+ and Е0 of thermodesorption, and the pre-exponential factors in the continuity equation for the radicals C9H7N+CH3 ( m/z 144) have been defined by surface ionization on the surface of oxidized tungsten WxOy. The results of determining the surface ionization coefficient and estimates of the ionization potentials of these radicals have been presented.
What Counts—Why Growth Economics is Failing Us
Authors: Philipsen Dirk
Published: November 2022

A rapidly growing body of research suggests that modern economies find themselves at existential crossroads: both prosperity and survival are a function of consumption-fueled economic growth. Prosperity seemingly depends on it; survival is made increasingly impossible by it. Economists measure economic growth by what is generally recognized as a deeply flawed yet still hegemonic economic performance indicator—GDP. This paper suggests that growth based in increased consumption is in need of reconceptualization no matter what the measure, and invites the research community of the Journal of Consumer Culture to investigate what such a research agenda might look like. Economic logic itself, this essay argues, needs to be re-embedded in science, rather than operate as a self-referential logic outside of natural boundaries. Biophysical limits force us to question economic growth as a goal. A wide range of social pathologies, furthermore, from inequality to stress to loneliness, raise deep questions about the desirability of growth. The essay is a self-conscious provocation to the discipline of economics: there is an emerging need to move beyond a conceptualization of the economy as a self-contained system of monetary market exchanges defining the relations between production, distribution, and consumption.
Repair in Australian Indigenous art
Authors: Best Susan
Published: November 2022

This article examines artworks by three emerging Australian Indigenous artists who are revitalizing Indigenous cultural traditions. The author argues that their work is reparative in the manner described by queer theorist Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick; that is, their art addresses the damage of traumatic colonial histories while being open to pleasure, beauty and surprise. The artists are all based in Brisbane and completed a degree in Contemporary Australian Indigenous Art at Queensland College of Art – the only degree of this nature in Australia. The artists are Carol McGregor, Dale Harding and Robert Andrew. McGregor’s work draws on possum skin cloak making, Harding has incorporated the stencil technique of rock art into his practice and Andrew uses a traditional pigment ochre and Yawuru language.
Views from above and below: bridging scenes of difference
Authors: Shahani Nishant
Published: November 2022

This article focuses on the vertical visioning of the bridge as a visual icon of the global city in urban planning, specifically the Bandra-Worli sea link in Mumbai. The author contends that the sea link, launched in 2019 as a way to connect the southern part of the city with its western suburbs, participates in aerial visual significations in which views from above partake in framing of the urban metropolis as an essential aspect of the nation-state’s global modernity aspirations. By analyzing the recurrence of the sea link through a variety of visual illustrations, he suggests that views of the sea link through omniscient perspectives tether urban experiments of modernity to forms of aspirational city planning that are deemed both axiomatic and necessary for urban dreams of development. He contends that ‘reparative’ work in visual culture assumes a task beyond the exposure of ‘unequal scenes’ if it is to grapple with the material contexts of urban repair and redistribution of resources. Rather than views from above or looking from below, the article theorizes a notion of reparation through the ontology of the edge – one that offers speculations of hope beyond the neoliberal logics of infrastructural futurity.
Rupture, not injury: reframing repair for Black and Indigenous youth experiencing school pushout
Authors: Nixon Jade , Habtom Sefanit , Tuck Eve
Published: November 2022

In this article, the authors describe their multi-year youth participatory action research project, Making Sense of Movements (MSOM), with Black and Indigenous high school students in Toronto. Youth co-researchers in MSOM designed a study on school pushout that reveals the pervasiveness of racism in schools and the inadequacy of responses to racist incidents by school personnel. School staff and teachers often treat racist incidents as isolated events that can be easily resolved. However, the authors situate Black and Indigenous students’ experiences of racism in their high schools within the ongoing legacies of settlement and slavery. Learning from Black and Indigenous feminist theories of rupture and refusal – see Hartman’s Scenes of Subjection: Terror, Slavery, and Self-Making in Nineteenth-Century America (1997); Simpson’s Mohawk Interruptus: Political Life across the Borders of Settler States (2014); and Tuck and Yang’s ‘Decolonization is not a metaphor’ (2012) – the authors invite readers to reframe the assumed ease and completeness of repair. They theorize racism and antiblackness as a rupture rather than an injury, which has important implications for school policy and how schools address racism. By moving beyond reparative frameworks, the authors engage rupture as a more meaningful starting place.
‘We wear one another’
Authors: Lukin Linklater Tanya
Published: November 2022

‘We wear one another’ is a performance for violin and dance by Tanya Lukin Linklater created in response to an Inuvialuit rain gut parka in 2019. The Inuvialuit rain gut parka, a cultural belonging, is conceptualized by the artist as a score for the performance, ‘We wear one another’.
Lately, I have been talking with our ancestors
Authors: Azoulay Ariella Aïsha
Published: November 2022

This ‘letter to my children’ is part of the author’s book in progress Algerian Letters: The Jewelers of the Ummah. Through her engagement with different addressees (her ancestors and children, scholars, political theorists and law-makers active in Algeria, France, and Palestine) and reflecting on the history of her paternal family life in Algeria, she questions the seemingly irreversible nature of the process through which, in less than a century, an offspring of an indigenous Algerian Jew could no longer find it possible to say ‘I’m Algerian.’ Her assumption is that the French colonization of Algeria in 1830, and forcing the Jews who lived there to become French citizens in 1870, marked the destruction of their world. Is this process reversible? What would such a reversal require? More than just a personal reckoning, family history, or an implied return, this inquiry interrogates the structures of colonial dispossession, charting processes of world-loss and asking what kind of repair – that is increasingly called ‘decolonization’ – is possible. Beyond the physical and emotional world loss of the Arab–Berber–Jews of North Africa, this series of letters prompted her inquiry into the role of both the colonizing powers in North Africa and the colonial (Israel) and post-colonial (France) nation-states and into how citizenship operates in preparing groups of people to detach themselves from objects to which they are attached and in which they are invested, and to be ready for migration and assimilation in a foreign, supposedly superior, culture and emancipation project.
The philosophical and methodological guidelines for ethical online ethnography
Authors: Hair Neil , Akdevelioglu Duygu , Clark Moira
Published: November 2022

Ethical considerations are increasingly important because new online techniques of research such as online ethnography often have novel ethical challenges. Our research aims to help online ethnographers by providing a moral/philosophical framework to be used in making ethical decisions and guiding them to reflect on how these decisions affect and justify their methodological choices. We draw upon prior research on ethics and online ethnography, and utilize five key dimensions of moral and philosophical principles (autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, justice and trust, explicability) for our framework. Our research highlights essential ethical questions such as selecting a philosophical basis as your ethical frame and coming to terms with ambiguity, and related methodological guidelines such as avoiding personal prejudice, assumptions and bias, research site entry strategy, researcher’s communication with the participants, protection of data, research site exit strategy and communicating online research findings. This paper contributes to the existing literature by identifying how moral and philosophical guidelines impact our ethical and methodological choices when engaging in online ethnography and what this means in terms of research practice.
Implementing an institution-wide pedagogical change in an Israeli college: The AWpack advising system in support of academic writing
Authors: Barchana-Lorand Dorit , Weinberger Yehudith
Published: November 2022

Universities and colleges around the globe struggle to find ways to improve students’ academic writing skills. With the goal of tackling students’ writing skills on an institutional level, we set out on a 6-year journey to seek ways of enhancing the teaching of academic writing on a wide selection of courses. Here we describe and analyze the challenges entailed in implementing an intervention in a teachers’ college in Israel. We found that as the implementation process evolved, a shift from a top-down approach to a bottom-up approach resolved three different challenges: (a) The management challenge, which comes into play when leading any type of change; (b) The challenges specific to the academic work environment; and (c) The challenges of providing effective pedagogical tools for the implementation of the change. The one-on-one advising system, constituting the final stage of the process brings about the desirable change in broader terms. Based on the Tpack model, we offer AWpack (Academic Writing—pedagogical and content knowledge) as a strategy for implementing an institutional pedagogic change in the case of academic writing. Moreover, we show that as a working strategy within an academic institution it may facilitate other sought-after pedagogic changes.
The ties between food and medicine in early modern Scottish recipe books
Authors: Holmes Charlotte
Published: November 2022

This article explores the prominent medical theories in Western Europe, paying attention to how these theoretical frameworks changed perceptions of consuming food. It discusses the idea of moderation of food and drink and how it connected to the practice of Protestantism in the household. Finally, the article explores Scottish domestic papers dating from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, focusing on recipe books. Through these sources, this article will highlight the historical ties between food and medicine and how it was understood in the upper-class Scottish households.
The Designated Player Policy Rule and Attendance Demand in Major League Soccer
Authors: Rewilak Johan
Published: November 2022

Evidence suggests that Major League Soccer's designated player (DP) rule increased match-day attendance in its inaugural season leading to expansion of this policy. However, there is a need to examine whether these findings are robust. Therefore, this paper uses the DP rule as a natural experiment to identify its effect on match-day attendance using a difference-in-difference estimation strategy. In contrast to existing research, when using a difference-in-difference estimator, the statistically significant effect of DPs on attendance vanishes but may be recovered when omitting domestic DPs from the set of DPs.
“Not Valproic Acid” Is Not Without Risk: In Utero Exposure to Topiramate Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Authors: Gerard Elizabeth E.
Published: November 2022

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An Investigation of IEP Quality Associated With Special Education Placement for Students With Complex Support Needs
Authors: Kurth Jennifer A. , Lockman Turner Elissa , Gerasimova Daria , Hicks Tyler A. , Zagona Alison , Lansey Kirsten , Mansouri Mary Curran , Lyon Kristin J. , Jameson Matt , Loyless Roxanne , Pace Jesse R.
Published: November 2022

Students with complex support needs require individualized education programs (IEPs) to describe their present levels of academic achievement and functional performance (PLAAFP), and the annual goals and supplementary aids and services (SAS) that will be provided to enable them to make progress in the least restrictive environment. Previous research has found that IEPs do not reflect recommended practices and that IEP quality varies by educational placement in inclusive and separate class settings. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a national sample of IEPs of elementary-aged students with complex support needs to determine whether placement predicts IEP quality. We used multilevel regression to measure the extent to which placement predicts overall IEP quality as well as the quality of IEP components, including PLAAFP, goals, and SAS. We did not detect statistically significant differences in IEP quality by placement for any of these IEP components or for overall quality; instead, we found the IEPs consistently failed to meet quality indicators across all four placement types. Given these findings, we suggest implications for future research aimed at improving IEP quality for students with complex support needs.
Predicting the Frequency and Significance of Social Contacts Across Placements: A Bayesian Multilevel Model Analysis
Authors: Jameson J. Matt , Hicks Tyler , Lansey Kirsten , Kurth Jennifer A. , Jackson Lewis , Zagona Alison L. , Burnette Kristin , Agran Marty , Shogren Karrie , Pace Jesse
Published: November 2022

Parents and teachers have identified the social inclusion of students with complex support needs as one of the most important components of school participation. Previous research has found that the opportunities for, and importance of, social contacts for students with complex support needs vary by educational placement. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a national sample of 92 elementary-aged students with complex support needs to determine whether placement predicts the number and importance of social contacts. We used multilevel regression analysis to measure the extent to which placement predicts the number of social contacts and teachers’ ratings of importance. Students in inclusive placements had almost 50% more social contacts than students in a segregated school. Furthermore, teachers’ perceptions of the social significance of the contacts experienced by students with complex support needs were notably higher in inclusive settings. Given these findings, we suggest implications for practice and future research.
Relationships between opponent ranking and locomotor activity in international field hockey
Authors: James Carl A , Gibson Oliver R , Willmott Ashley GB , Stewart Craig , Dhawan Aishwar
Published: November 2022

No research has investigated the effect of opponent world ranking (WR) on locomotor activity within modern (post-2015) international men's hockey. A retrospective analysis of 71 matches (vs. 24 opponents, WR# 12 ± 11, WR# 1–86) investigated the relationships between opponent ranking at team and positional levels, on locomotor activity. Data were analysed using linear mixed modelling to; (1) explore relationships between opponent ranking and locomotor activity and (2) to compare between predefined ranking groups (WR# 1–8 ‘HIGHER’ [ n = 8], WR# 9–17 ‘SIMILAR’ [ n = 8] and WR >#18 ‘LOWER’ [ n = 8]), relative to the reference team (WR# 11). Significant relationships were found between opponent world ranking and total distance ( β = −6.11; p = 0.003), high-speed running ([HSR], β = −4.87, p < 0.001), sprint distance ([SD], β = −2.41, p < 0.001), sprint efforts ([SE], β = −0.10, p < 0.001) and average speed ( β = −0.19, p < 0.001), but not low-speed running ( β = −0.94, p = 0.57). When analysed by ranking groups, HSR, SD and SE increased against HIGHER (+12%–14% vs. grand mean, p < 0.05) and reduced against LOWER teams (−15%–18% vs. grand mean, p < 0.05). The largest differences in SD were observed in forwards (HIGHER +14% and LOWER −19%) and defenders (HIGHER +20% and LOWER −18%). In international hockey, average speed is greatest when facing higher-ranked rather than similarly ranked opponents. Furthermore, high-speed but not low-speed activity, is modulated by opponent ranking.
Changing teacher educational contexts: global discourses in teacher education and its effect on teacher education in national contexts
Authors: Douglas-Gardner Janet , Callender Christine
Published: November 2022

Teacher education has gathered interest globally and nationally among teachers, educators, researchers and policy makers. Madalinska-Michalak, O ’Doherty and Assuno Flores (2018) observe that regional/ national, social, economic, political and historical factors impact upon teacher education and ‘it is also impacted by global problems and tendencies’ (pp. 567). This paper builds on these debates and examines the effects of global discourses of teacher education in the national contexts of developed and developing countries, for example, Guyana, Japan, South Africa, United States of America (USA) and the United Kingdom (UK). This includes consideration of teacher education and training before and during the current global Covid-19 pandemic ( UNESCO, 2020 ). The paper concludes that teacher education continues to be under scrutiny due to global and national expectations, the demand of and how they are positioned in preparing teachers for the 21st century. Notwithstanding, as globalisation becomes more integrated in societies globally teacher education curricula not only has to retain its emphasis on standards, but equally its agility to ensure that the needs of all learners are met.
Outcomes of lower trapezius transfer with hamstring tendons for irreparable rotator cuff tears
Authors: Almeida Thiago BC , Pascarelli Luciano , Bongiovanni Roberto R , Tamaoki Marcel JS , Rodrigues Luciano MR
Published: November 2022

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of the transfer of the lower trapezius with a graft from hamstring tendons in the treatment of irreparable rotator cuff tears . Level IV; Case Series; Treatment Study.

Methods

Ten patients diagnosed with irreparable tears of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons, were evaluated retrospectively -preoperatively, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. They underwent transfer of the prolonged lower trapezius with an autologous graft of the knee flexor tendons.

Results

The Shoulder Subjective Value increased from 47 (preoperative) to 71 (1 year after surgery), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Score increased from 26.63 to 75.24. Pain improved from 7.9 to 2.5 on the Visual Analogue Scale. The mean lateral rotation improved from 31° to 51°, flexion from 84° to 122°, and abduction from 76° to 101°. These results have not changed significantly between 6 and 12 months.

Discussion

The transfer of the lower trapezius with autologous grafts from the hamstring tendons showed good results in patients under 65 years of age with irreparable rotator cuff tears . Longer follow-up and a greater number of cases are necessary to confirm the efficacy of the transfer.
Understanding ASPECTS of stroke: Inter-rater reliability between emergency medicine physician and radiologist in a rural setup
Authors: Nimmalapudi Sunanda , Inampudi Vineel , Prakash Arjun , Gowda Rajesh , Varadharajan Shriram
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The purpose is to determine the inter-rater reliability in grading ASPECTS score, between emergency medicine physician at first contact and radiologist among patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a prospective analysis of 765 acute ischemic stroke cases referred to the Department of Radiodiagnosis in a rural-based hospital in South India, during January 2017 to October 2021. Non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) scans of the brain were performed using GE Bright Speed Elite 128 Slice CT Scanner. ASPECTS score was calculated separately by an emergency medicine physician and radiologist. Inter-rater reliability for total and dichotomized ASPECTS (≥6 and <6) scores were assessed using statistical analysis (ICC and Cohen ĸ coefficients) on SPSS software (v17.0).

Results

Inter-rater agreement for total and dichotomized ASPECTS was substantial (ICC 0.79 and Cohen ĸ 0.68) between the emergency physician and the radiologist. Mean difference in ASPECTS between the two readers was only 0.15 with standard deviation of 1.58. No proportionality bias was detected. The Bland–Altman plot was constructed to demonstrate the distribution of ASPECTS differences between the two readers.

Conclusion

Substantial inter-rater agreement was noted in grading ASPECTS between emergency medicine physician at first contact and radiologist, thereby confirming its robustness even in a rural setting.
A case of Citrobacter koseri renal abscess and review of the literature
Authors: Hua Duong Tommy , Lo Jessica , Do Huy Quang , Pham Charles Dac
Published: November 2022

Citrobacter species are anaerobic gram-negative bacteria that are known to cause infections in immunocompromised hosts, particularly in hospital settings. Their opportunistic nature and tendency to develop antibiotic resistance make Citrobacter species challenging to treat. Renal or perinephric abscess formation as a result of Citrobacter infection is uncommon, having only previously been reported in four cases. We present a case of a 70-year-old man with diabetes and prostate cancer who was diagnosed with an 18 cm perinephric and a 10 cm perihepatic abscess caused by Citrobacter koseri. The patient required drains and re-positioning of the drains multiple times in addition to a prolonged course of antibiotics to achieve complete radiographic resolution. This case highlights the challenges in treating renal and perinephric abscess, as it required drain re-placements two additional times after the initial placement and an additional 4 weeks of antibiotics. Successful treatment for larger abscesses usually requires a two-arm approach, with antibiotics in combination with either percutaneous or surgical abscess drainage.
Management of Aggressive Vertebral Haemangioma and Assessment of Differentiating Pointers Between Aggressive Vertebral Haemangioma and Metastases – A Systematic Review
Authors: Subramaniam Macherla Haribabu , Moirangthem Victor , Venkatesan Muralidharan
Published: November 2022

Study Design

Systematic review.

Objectives

Vertebral haemangioma has been classified into typical and aggressive vertebral haemangioma (AVH). Management options for AVH are many and the clinician has decision dilemma in choosing the right one. Metastases mimic AVH in clinical and radiological presentation. Differentiating pointers between them has not been clearly delineated in literature. Aim of our review is to identify treatment options; to formulate a management algorithm for AVH based on clinical presentation and to identify radiological differentiating pointers between them.

Methods

Systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. We systematically reviewed all available literature from the year 2001 to 2020. Relevant articles were identified as per laid down criteria from the medical databases. After inclusion, first and second authors went through full text of each included article.

Results

Of 139 studies reviewed, eight met our criteria for review of management and three separate studies for radiological differentiating pointers. 99 patients with 88 AVH had undergone treatment. Back pain with myelopathy is the presenting symptom in majority of patients. Patients with backpain - myelopathic symptoms had improved following surgery; patients with back pain alone had improved with either percutaneous vertebroplasty or CT guided alcohol ablation. Dynamic contrast MRI, Diffusion weighted MRI and ratio of signal intensity between T1w and fat suppression T1w MR help the clinician in differentiating them.

Conclusion

Management of AVH can be based on the patient’s clinical presentation. Patients presenting with AVH and back pain can be managed with either Percutaneous vertebroplasty or CT guided alcohol ablation. Patients presenting with AVH and neurological symptoms could be managed with surgery. Dynamic contrast enhanced MR, Diffusion weighted MR, ratio of signal intensity between T1w and Fat suppression T1w MR imaging could help the clinician in differentiating the two before contemplating biopsy.

Grade Practice Recommendation

C