bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soybean yield in future climate scenarios for the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Cera Jossana Ceolin , Streck Nereu Augusto , Fensterseifer Cesar Augusto Jarutais , Ferraz Simone Erotildes Teleginski , Bexaira Kelin Pribs , Silveira Waleska Bolzon , Cardoso Ânthony Paz
Published: July 2017

Abstract: The objective of this work was to estimate the yield potential and the water-limited yield of soybean (Glycine max) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in two future climate scenarios, SRES A1B and RCP4.5, using the SoySim and Cropgro-Soybean simulation models. In both models, three maturity groups (4.8, 5.5, and 6.0) and six sowing dates (09/01, 10/01, 11/01, 12/01, 01/01, and 02/01) were considered in the SRES A1B-CMIP3 and RCP4.5-CMIP5 scenarios. The analyzed variable was grain yield at 13% moisture (Mg ha-1). Soybean yield potential in Rio Grande do Sul should increase up to the end of the 21st century, according to both scenarios. Water-limited yield of soybean also increases up to the end of the 21st century, by the SRES A1B-CMIP3 scenario; however, it will decrease in future periods, by the RCP4.5-CMIP5 scenario because of limited soil water.
Diet components as internal indicators in the determination of the apparent digestibility coefficients for Nile tilapia
Authors: Silva Rafael Lopes da , Araújo Eric Portilho de , Rocha Mariucha Karina Honório Ribeiro , Damasceno Flavia Mota , Freitas Jakeline Marcela Azambuja de , Sartori Maria Márcia Pereira , Meirelles Paulo Roberto de Lima , Barros Margarida Maria , Pezzato Luiz Edivaldo
Published: July 2017

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the diet components - crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin - as internal indicators in the determination of the apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, gross energy, and of the nutrients - crude protein, phosphorus, and amino acids - in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Groups of ten juveniles (80.3±1 g) were randomly distributed in six tanks of 250 L and fed two practical diets, either of a plant-origin diet or of a plant- and animal-origin diet. Both diets were supplemented with 0.1% chromium (III) oxide (Cr2O3). Faeces were collected by the modified Guelph system. The apparent digestibility coefficients were determined by the content difference of the internal indicators, present in the diets and faeces, and compared by Dunnett’s test to those obtained by the use of Cr2O3. Cellulose was effective in the determination of the apparent digestibility of dry matter, energy, and nutrients of both experimental diets; and the acid detergent fiber was effective only for the diet composed exclusively of plant-origin ingredients. The use of crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, hemicellulose, and lignin as digestibility indicators was inefficient for the analyzed nutrients of both diets. Therefore, cellulose is the most suitable indicator for digestibility evaluation in Nile tilapia.
Dung beetles of Brazilian pastures and key to genera identification (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Tissiani Ana Silvia de Oliveira , Vaz-de-Mello Fernando Zagury , Campelo-Júnior José Holanda
Published: July 2017

Abstract: The objective of this work was to elaborate supporting tools for the correct identification of Scarabaeidae, by an identification key of genera, and a commented list of the species present in Brazilian pastures. A data survey was performed on the specimens deposited in the main Brazilian collection and reported on the recent scientific literature. The distribution of the species was identified in the Brazilian states, based on information on feeding preference, ecological aspects, and potential for faeces removal action. The species were classified according to their importance for pastures, as: high, medium, and low. A key for the identification of the genera and subgenera of Scarabeidae present in the pastures was constructed through the analysis of the external morphology of the species and, when needed, by the analysis of sexual traits. Twenty genera and 76 species of scarab beetles were recorded for Brazilian pasturelands, among which Dichotomius bos, Dichotomius nisus, Trichillum externepunctatum, Ontherus appendiculatus, Onthophagus aff. hirculus, and Digitonthophagus sp. were considered as the most frequent, widely distributed, abundant, and important. The dichotomous key will contribute to the identification of the genera and subgenera of dung beetles (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) occurring in the Brazilian pastures.
Fungicide application can improve production of tomato coinfected with Begomovirus and Crinivirus
Authors: Guimarães Leysimar Ribeiro Pitzr , Nozaki Denise Nakada , Moura Mônika Fecury , Spadotti David Marques de Almeida , Mituti Tatiana , Krause-Sakate Renate , Pavan Marcelo Agenor
Published: July 2017

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of fungicide application on the concentration of Tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV, Begomovirus) in the 'Mariana' hybrid tomato coinfected with ToSRV and Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV, Crinivirus) and the progression of viral concentration by qPCR, as well as to quantify fruit yield and quality. Experiment I consisted in the application of fungicides after sowing (pretreatment): pyraclostrobin+metiram (P+M) (at 3 g L-1) + boscalid (B) (at 0.3 g L-1), followed by biweekly sprayings with P+M (4 g L-1); in experiment II, there was no application at sowing (control treatment), only 4 g L-1 P+M biweekly. ToSRV and ToCV transmissions were performed using sweetpotato whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci, biotype B), at 15, 30, 45, 60, and 70 days after transplanting (DAT). There was an increase in yield, better fruit quality, and a reduction in the ToSRV concentration in the plants, when the viruses were transmitted late and pretreatment was performed. Tray pretreatment in sowing with P+M (3 g L-1) and B (0.3 g L-1), followed by biweekly sprayings with P+M (4 g L-1), increases fruit yield and quality in the 'Mariana' hybrid tomato coinfected at 45, 60, and 75 DAT by ToSRV and ToCV, and there is a reduction in the concentration of ToSRV.
Selection of corn cultivars for yield, stability, and adaptability in the state of Amazonas, Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Inocencio Junior de , Atroch André Luiz , Dias Miguel Costa , Guimarães Lauro José , Guimarães Paulo Evaristo de Oliveira
Published: July 2017

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate corn cultivars grown in the state of Amazonas, Brazil, which simultaneously show high grain yield, adaptability, and stability. The trials were carried out in seven environments in the state of Amazonas, in a randomized complete block design, with two replicates. The grain yield of 30 corn cultivars was evaluated in four growing seasons, from 2011/2012 to 2014/2015. The genetic parameters were estimated by the REML/Blup methodology. The selection for adaptability and stability was based on the predicted genetic value and on the harmonic mean of the relative performance of the genetic values. Despite the existence of genotype x environment interaction, cultivars with high adaptability and stability were identified. Iranduba - lowland, in 2011/2012 and 2014/2015 - and Rio Preto da Eva - upland, in 2012/2013 - stood out as favorable environments, while Iranduba - upland, in 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 - and Manaus - upland, in 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 - were classified as unfavorable environments. The single-cross hybrid BRS 1055 showed productive superiority and high stability in this region. The Sint 10771, Sint 10781, and Sint 10699 synthetic varieties showed high adaptability. BRS Caimbé shows specific adaptability to cropping in upland environments of the state of Amazonas, Brazil.
The therapeutic challenge of giant splenic artery aneurysm: a case repport
Authors: Kauffman Paulo , Macedo Antonio Luiz de Vasconcellos , Sacilotto Roberto , Tachibana Adriano , Kuzniec Sergio , Pinheiro Lucas Lembrança , Wolosker Nelson
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT Giant splenic artery aneurysm is a rare condition that represents an eminent life threatening for the patient, requiring, therefore, urgent surgical correction. A 61-year-old woman, former smoker, hypertensive, hypercholesterolemic and multipara sought our service because of a large tumor in the mesogastrium, which was an abdominal ultrasound finding. Despite the size of the tumor, the patient was asymptomatic. The angiotomography and the magnetic resonance image of the abdomen were suggestive of giant splenic artery aneurysm with more than 10cm in diameter that was confirmed by an angiography. She underwent surgery, open splenectomy, and partial aneurysmectomy. The approach of the celiac artery, which was ligated, was only possible with medialvisceral rotation because there was no possibility to view it through the anterior access. The histopathological test of aneurysmatic wall revealed atheroma plaques in the intima. The patient progressed without complications and she was discharged cured. In general, giant splenic artery aneurysms are symptomatic, however, as in the case we report, it may be asymptomatic and found in abdominal imaging exam. Although less invasive Interventional methods exist, such as laparoscopy and endovascular techniques, they were considered inappropriate in this case. Conventional open surgery should be the therapy of choice for a giant splenic artery aneurysm.
Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor Antagonism Protects against Diabetic Nephropathy in a Type 2 Diabetic Model
Authors: Zhang Ming-Zhi , Wang Xin , Yang Haichun , Fogo Agnes B. , Murphy Brian J. , Kaltenbach Robert , Cheng Peter , Zinker Bradley , Harris Raymond C.
Published: July 2017

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) functions through activation of LPA receptors (LPARs). LPA–LPAR signaling has been implicated in development of fibrosis. However, the role of LPA–LPAR signaling in development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) has not been studied. We examined whether BMS002, a novel dual LPAR1 and LPAR3 antagonist, affects development of DN in endothelial nitric oxide synthase-knockout db/db mice. Treatment of these mice with BMS002 from 8 to 20 weeks of age led to a significant reduction in albuminuria, similar to that observed with renin-angiotensin system inhibition (losartan plus enalapril). LPAR inhibition also prevented the decline in GFR observed in vehicle-treated mice, such that GFR at week 20 differed significantly between vehicle and LPAR inhibitor groups (P<0.05). LPAR inhibition also reduced histologic glomerular injury; decreased the expression of profibrotic and fibrotic components, including fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin, connective tissue growth factor, collagen I, and TGF-β; and reduced renal macrophage infiltration and oxidative stress. Notably, LPAR inhibition slowed podocyte loss (podocytes per glomerulus ±SEM at 8 weeks: 667±40, n=4; at 20 weeks: 364±18 with vehicle, n=7, and 536±12 with LPAR inhibition, n=7; P<0.001 versus vehicle). Finally, LPAR inhibition minimized the production of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a marker of oxidative stress, in podocytes and increased the phosphorylation of AKT2, an indicator of AKT2 activity, in kidneys. Thus, the LPAR antagonist BMS002 protects against GFR decline and attenuates development of DN through multiple mechanisms. LPAR antagonism might provide complementary beneficial effects to renin-angiotensin system inhibition to slow progression of DN.
More journal standards and their stories
Authors: Bell Kirsten
Published: July 2017

n/a
addicted.pregnant.poor
Authors: Knight Kelly Ray
Published: July 2017

addicted.pregnant.poor is an ethnography addressing the biomedical, social, political, and ethical dimensions of ongoing illicit drug use during pregnancy. A result of four years of fieldwork in daily-rent hotels – privately owned buildings in which the exploitation of women’s sex work and on-going poor health was normative – the book follows nineteen women who had twenty-three pregnancies. To answer the question ‘What forms of life are possible here?’ I engaged with the social actors who are called upon to produce knowledge about addicted pregnancy, including addicted, pregnant women; an anthropologist; public health epidemiologists; advocates; social policymakers; treatment professionals; bureaucrats; and scientists. In this essay, I describe the relationship between the scientific contours of reproductive health and the personal and social consequences of pregnancy in the context of addiction and housing instability. Pregnant women in the daily-rent hotels existed within multiple temporalities. Here I explore what an ethnographic understanding of memorial time and biomedical time can teach us about the vital politics of viability at work in addicted pregnancy.
Commentary on the origins and early development of the therapeutic landscapes concept
Authors: Gesler Wil
Published: July 2017

n/a
Synthesis and Evaluation of Urethane Polymers from PET Waste
Authors: Jalal Mahir
Published: July 2017

This study is engaged in synthesis of novel monomer bis(2-hydroxyethyl) by chemicalrecycling of PET waste using excess of thioglycol in prescience of (0.5%) zinc acetateas catalyst. Best yield of monomer was obtained (40%) when using 1:6 PET tothioglygol molar ratio and 16 hours reaction time. The thiolyzed products were purifiedand characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR and CHNS analysis and these characterizationswere proved that nucleophilic attack to carbonyl groups of PET backbone was achievedby thiol groups instead of hydroxyl groups of thioglycol. Also, urethane polymers wereprepared by reaction of various weight ratios of bis(2-hydroxyethyl) thioterephthalatepoly(ethylene glycol) mixtures with 2,4-toluene diisocyanate monomer. Goodmechanical compression of polyurethane polymers were obtained and evaluated showingtransition properties from rigid to flexible urethane polymers.
Determining the Basic Variables for Diagnosis of Patients With Thyroid Gland By Using S/N Ratio Methods.
Authors: Rashid Kawa
Published: July 2017

There are many situations in which the simultaneous monitoring or control of two or

more related quality characteristics is necessary. Multivariate analysis utilize the

additional information due to the relationships among the variables and these concepts

may be used to develop more efficient control charts than the simultaneous operation of

several university control charts. The most popular multivariate statistical process

control SPC are the Hotelling's T2

 

chart. In this paper the S/N ratio is analyzed and

response effect level are calculated with optimizing the response effect level And to

explain which of variable is important and necessary to test the chemical analysis in

Thyroid gland.
Bioavailability Enhancement of Silybin Through Carbon-23 Acid Derivatization
Authors: Amin Lena , Sabir Mohammed , Al-Khafaji Emad , Rachid Shwan
Published: July 2017

Silybin is an isomer derived from the seed of Silybum marianum, a biennial metropolitan

plant that is grown naturally in Iraqi Kurdistan Region, it shows antioxidant and

anticancer activity however; its poor water solubility encounters to low bioavailability

which limits its use in clinical practice. To improve water solubility thereby

bioavailability, a chemical derivatization (carboxylic acid) on C-23 (C27H24O12) was

performed. Silybin derivative on C-23 as ether function improves solubility through

increasing the ability to donate unshared electron pairs like Lewis base. The elongated

carbon chain 25 as carboxylic acid increases the polarity of our derivative in water as

well as the acidity. Our derivative was prepared by Williamson method and showed

improvement of water solubility in comparison to silybin; this will lead to enhance the

bioavailability and consequently the activity of the drug. Structure elucidation confirmed

by FTIR, 13C-NMR and mass spectroscopy. The solubility assessment was performed

according to Beer’s-Lambert law.

Aim: Enhance water solubility and bioavailability of silybin through acid derivatization.
Influence of Some Biostimulants and Seaweed Extracts on Growth and Fruit Characteristics of Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)
Authors: Taha Shler , Haji Ghazi
Published: July 2017

This study was conducted during (2013 -2014) season at Girda-Rash field, College

of Agriculture, University of Salahaddin, Erbil governorate, Iraqi Kurdistan Region to

study the effect of biostimulants as microbial inoculants (Fulzyme SP and Fulzyme

Plus SP) and seaweed extracts as seamino on some vegetative growth and fruit

characteristics of two short day cultivars of Strawberry ‘Rubygem’ and ‘Florida

Fortuna’, the experimental units were arranged in split plot in a randomized complete

block design with four replicates. The obtained results indicated that the ‘Rubygem’

cultivar was superior in the characteristics of leaf area and shoot dry weight, while no

significant difference was obtained between the two cultivars in total chlorophyll

content and root dry weight. On other hand ‘Rubygem’ cultivar recorded highest

significant value in number of fruits per plant, fruit fresh weight and plant yield,

however no significant difference was found between the two cultivars in fruit size.

Fulzyme Plus SP application caused significant increase in the leaf area, total

chlorophyll content, shoot dry weight and root dry weight, also application of

Fulzyme Plus SP significantly increased the number of fruits per plant, fruit fresh

weight, fruit size and plant yield, and the highest value in plant yield was recorded as

a result of interaction effects of Rubygem x Fulzyme Plus SP.
Determination of 222Rn and 238U Concentrations in Some Selected Samples of Rock for Sulaimani Area (Kurdistan Region-Iraq)
Authors: Abdullah Kamal
Published: July 2017

Different rock samples collected from the Mountains located to the west and north of

Sulaimani district. Solid state nuclear track detector technique, CR-39 passive

detectors included, is used for analyzing concentrations Radon. The uranium

concentrations determined from the secular equilibrium between uranium and radon

activity. The concentrations of Radon and Uranium have been calculated. The

maximum and the minimum concentrations determined (4774.524±17.665 and

224401.714) Bq/m3

 

for Radon and (0.313±0.143 ppm, 14.728±6.731 ppm) for

uranium, respectively. The higher concentration values of both Byara (Mountain of

Balkha) and Penjween is due to sample rocks formation compared to the values

appeared from Ranya and Chaqchaq regions. The highest annual effective dose was

0.8μSv/hr, which is higher than the value 1mSv ~ 0.114 μSv/hr recommended by the

International Commission on Radiological Protection ICRP..
Biomass production from Kluyveromyces spp. by using cheese whey
Authors: Mahmood Karzan
Published: July 2017

Cheese whey was used as a medium for producing yeast biomass from Kluyveromyces

lactis DSM 70800 and Kluyveromyces fragilis. The best conditions for yeast biomass

production were 35oC with agitation speed of 150 and 200 rpm for Kluyveromyces fragilis

and Kluyveromyces lactis DSM 70800 respectively. Both strains can grow in a wide range

of pH. The maximum biomass yield recorded when whey with pH 6.5 was used. The crud

protein based on dry weight was relatively high and the crud protein % of Kluyveromyces

lactis DSM 70800 (50.56%) was insignificantly higher than that was obtained for

Kluyveromyces fragilis (49.53%) while the protein yield was insignificantly higher for

Kluyveromyces fragilis. On the other hand, the essential and non-essential amino acids

were present in a various amount, among these amino acids arginine was present in high

level in both strains which has the good nutritive value especially for children.
Finding minimum confidence threshold to avoid derived rules in association rule mining
Authors: Ali Nzar
Published: July 2017

Data in data warehouse often contains sensitive information, the concept of PrivacyPreserving has recently been proposed in response to the concerns of preservingsensitive information derived from published rules. A number of privacy preservingdata publishing (PPDP) have been proposed. In this paper an algorithm proposed forhiding published rules that leads to disclosure of sensitive information by determiningthe confidence value of those rules from the raw data before running association rulemining using prior and posterior probabilities of generated rules and pass thoseconfidence values to data miner to take it in his account when determining minimumconfidence threshold in association rule mining algorithms .The experimental resultsshow that the run time for deriving sensitive rules is stabile for different confidencevalues in comparison with other methods running linear programming methods forfinding sensitive published rules. The most derived rules from goal rules (the rulesderived from sensitive rules with minimum confidence value) located between 0.5and 0.8 and these range of confidence values are critical values for data miner, finallyexperimental results shows that with support values %40,%58, and %63 still there isamount of derived published rules appears, and these results means that even withlarge minimum support threshold still derived published rules appears in associationrule algorithms.
Detection of Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus Flavus in Maize Grains and Soils in Sulaimani Province using Molecular Approaches.
Authors: Shekhany Khattab , Rostam Shkar
Published: July 2017

Aflatoxins are potent carcinogens produced by A. flavus as secondary metabolites. They have the ability to contaminate a large number of food, which ultimately affect the human population. Investigating the incidences of aflatoxigenic species of A. flavus in the local area samples were the aim of current study. Samples were collected randomly from soil and maize grains in the Sulaimani governorate. Morphological features and specific PCR-based protocol were used for identification of A. flavus isolates. This PCR protocol was based on the multi-copy internal transcribed region of the rDNA unit (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA), which allowed discrimination from other closely related species. Molecular approach has been used for detection of aflatoxigenicity of the A. flavus isolates. In this study out of eighteen isolates only seven isolates were molecularly and morphologically identified as A. flavus. The aflatoxigenicity of these seven isolates were detected by molecularly method which successfully amplify two structural genes (aflD and aflO) out of three structural genes, and one regulatory gene (aflR). Furthermore, no specific amplicon for (aflP) was obtained in this study.
The Effects of Traditional Kurdistan Plant Extracts on Rat Hair Growth in vivo
Authors: Khidhir Karzan , Mahmood Kochar
Published: July 2017

Pathologies of hair growth can be psychologically distressing but they are poorly controlled. Hormones and paracrine factors regulate the hair follicle and its associated glands. However, our understanding of their mechanisms is limited, restricting the development of new treatments for hair disorders. Therefore better treatments for hair loss disorders are required. Some plant extracts are believed to have effect on hair growth. Few local plants in Kurdistan region are used traditionally as stimulators of human hair growth, but their effects on hair growth scientifically has not been studied yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the actual effects of those local plant extracts used as a traditional herbal treatment for hair loss, using in vivo rat model (Wistar-Bratislava rats); and to compare their effectiveness with the best medical treatment available (Minoxidil). The effects of extracts from Myrtus (Myrtus communis), Galls (Quercus infectoria), Oak (Quercus aegilops) both separately and mixed at the recommended concentrations were compared with the medical treatment for hair loss and a negative control group. Shaved backs of Wistar rats (6 weeks old) were treated daily for 42 days (six groups, n=6 per group), and the degree of their effectiveness was observed and compared with each other and with both positive and negative controls. Results show that the mixture of the three plants extracts and Minoxidil have similar significant hair growth promotion effect compared to other groups. Therefore, extracts from Myrtus, Galls and Oak stimulate rodent pelage follicles in vivo suggesting they can be used as promoter of hair growth in human.
Physiological and Yield Responses of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) to Different Herbicide Treatments
Authors: Ali Kawa , Qadir Muhsin , Rasoul Samira , Ali Saman
Published: July 2017

A field study was conducted at Erbil agricultural research directorate to investigate the physiological and yield responses of wheat to five post emergence herbicides; Tribenuron-methyl; Pyroxsulam; mesosulfuron+ idosulfuron; Clodinafop-propargyl and Clodinafop-propargyl +Pinoxaden herbicides, while weed infested wheat plots and weed free wheat plots treated as controls. Results revealed significant increase of plant height when treated with Clodinafop-propargyl herbicide comparing to the lowest height in weed-free wheat plots. Number of spikes per meter square significantly increased with Pyroxsulam and reduced in weed infested wheat plots. Number of grains per spike and 1000 grains weight were at maximum levels in weed-free wheat plots and minimum levels were found with weed infested wheat treatments. Biological yield significantly increased with Clodinafop-propargyl herbicide, while Tribenuron-methyl caused a significant decrease of biological yield. All treatments caused a significant increase of economical yield compared with weed infested wheat plots. Chlorophyll content reduced in wheat plants after spraying herbicides showed sever reduction after spraying all studied herbicides with recovery process of photosynthetic pigments except with Pyroxsulam and mesosulfuron+ idosulfuron herbicides. According to EWRC scale the most efficient to less efficient herbicide arrangement will be as Clodinafop-propargyl +Pinoxaden, mesosulfuron+ idosulfuron, Pyroxsulam, Clodinafop-propargyland Tribenuron-methyl.
Assessment of Some Physical and Chemical Characteristics in Three Sunflower Varieties
Authors: Aziz Hussein
Published: July 2017

A field experiment was conducted in Kanipanka station, at a research center, which belongs to the Ministry of Agriculture and located about 36 Km south-east of Sulaimany,the planting was done in autumn at (July 01, 2012). A laboratory experiment was conducted to estimate some physical and chemical characteristics such as seed volume, true density, water absorption capacity, water absorption index, seed size, oil%, ash%, nitrogen%, potassium%, calcium% and protein% in different varieties of sunflower (Confute, Flame and Local). The results demonstrated the existence of significant differences (at P>0.05) among studied varieties for all physical and chemical characteristics except thousand seed weight. The results of physical properties exhibited that Local variety had maximum values of seed volume, seed size, water absorption capacity and water absorption index. Concerning the chemical properties of seeds, the results showed that Confute variety gave high amount of nitrogen, potassium, protein and oil. The correlation coefficients of some seed related traits showed that oil content of the seeds was significantly and negatively related to seed size, protein content and ash, but significant and positive relation observed between the oil content and the thousand seed weight.
Batch and Flow-Injection Spectrophotometric Determination of Paracetamol by Coupling with Diazotized 4-Aminoacetophenone
Authors: Baban Sherwan , Omer Salah
Published: July 2017

Simple, rapid, inexpensive, and sensitive batch and flow injection spectrophotometric methods have been proposed for determination of paracetamol in some pharmaceutical preparations. The proposed methods are based on the coupling reaction between paracetamol and diazotized 4-aminoacetophenone (DAAPH) in a basic medium using sodium hydroxide to produce a pinkish-red azo dye with maximum absorptivity at 500 nm. The reaction conditions and other analytical parameters were studied and optimized for both batch and flow injection procedures. The calibration graphs resulting from measuring the absorbance were linear over the ranges 5.0 ­- 30 and 25 – 180 µg/ml of paracetamol with relative standard deviations 0.26% and 0.18%, and detection limits (0.30, 0.35) µg/ml for batch and flow injection methods respectively. The proposed methods were applied to the analysis of paracetamol in some commercial pharmaceutical preparations. The observed results have a reasonable agreement with those obtained by an HPLC method as a standard certified method from Awamedica company for drug in Erbil-Iraq which based on British pharmacopeia…
Stereo vision with laser diode distance measurement
Authors: Mahammed Manaf
Published: July 2017

An efficient technique is used to measure the distance of a target from the camera. A laser diode emitter is used to illuminate the desired portion of the target with bright laser spot and a 3D web camera is used to image the target. Image processing together with stereo vsion basic equations were used to calculate the distance from the measuring of disparity between the two images of the bright laser spot on the target. The results were compared with tests made using digital laser range finder and showed good agreement. The percentage error ranged from 0.025 % to 1.757 %.
Optical Properties of Poly(2- thioacetate) Thin Films Prepared By Spin-Coating Method
Authors: Al-Malki Ziyad , Hussein Abdullah , Al-Fregi Adel
Published: July 2017

Poly(2-thioacetate) has been prepared and characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR). A thin film of new Polythioacetate been prepared by spin-coating technique and its optical properties were studied . Transmittance measurements in the wavelength range (300-900 nm) were used to calculate the refractive index n and extinction coefficient k. The optical band gap Eg , optical conductivity σopt, electrical conductivity σe , real dielectric constant, complex dielectric constant, relaxation time τ and dissipation factor tan δ were determined. The analysis of the optical absorption data indicated that the optical band gap Eg was governed indirect transitions. According to Wemple and Didomenico method, the optical dispersion parameters Eo ( average excitation energy for electronic) and Ed( dispersion energy) were determined.
Cofinitely soc-supplemented lattices
Authors: Akray Ismael , Salih Haval
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we define Rad-supplemented lattice and its dual soc-supplemented lattice. Furthermore, we show that in compactly generated lattices the first one is equivalent to supplemented lattice. Also, we study some properties of soc-supplemented lattices. Finally, we define cofinitely soc-supplemented lattice (briefly css-lattice) and proved that an arbitrary join of css-lattices is a css-lattice.
Determining Hurwitz Components of A8
Authors: Salih Haval
Published: July 2017

Let be a finite group, the Hurwitz space is the space of genus covers of the Riemann sphere with branch points and the monodromy group . In this paper, we give a complete list of primitive genus zero systems of. We determine the braid orbits on the suitable Nielsen classes, which is equivalent to finding connected components in . We achieve this with the aid of the computer algebra system GAP and the MAPCLASS package.
Evaluation Study of Original McEliece Cryptosystem Against Side Channel Attack.
Authors: Abdulrazaq Newroz , Qaradaghi Thuraya
Published: July 2017

Side channel attack is the most efficient attack against original McEliece cryptosystem, especially ball-collision and Bernstein et al.Stern attacks. The modified Stern attack hasan ability to break original McEliece cryptosystem with parameter [1024,524,101] in 1400 days with personal computers.While with 200 clusters CPU breaking could be done in 7 days. While ball-collision attacks have smallerexponent time than Stern algorithm.This paper will present a modified version of Patterson decoding algorithm using a new evaluation for finding error locations.This approach gave the sender an opportunity to choose errors less than identified errors in public key without notifying the receiver;therefore, it reduces the probability of modified Stern attack against McEliece cryptosystem to (0.02) and increases exponent time of ball-collision attack. In this paper alsothe leakage of proposed implementation has beenmeasured using a measurement type for possible leakage in Patterson’s decoding algorithm suggested by previous work, and we concluded that the designed system have fewer leakage compared to previous implementation. The workhas done using Visual Studio C#.
A Surveillance study on the presence and safety of different types of food additive in children’s foods available in the markets
Authors: Izzat Selar
Published: July 2017

Health risk of food additives is under debates throughout the world. Several studiesconfirmed harmful effects and health problems associated with their consumption, but nodata was published about this subject in Kurdistan and no awareness has been takenregarding this issue in the region. For this purpose 300 commercial food items consumedby children were collected from the markets and their labels analyzed for additivecontents. As a result, 286 items (95.3%) found to contain additives, and only 14 (4.6%)were free from additive. The 286 items contained 120 different types of food additivesand in 38 items (13.2%) the numbers and types of additives were not identified. From the120 additive, 75 (62.5%) were found harmful, but no adverse effect found for 45 foodadditives (37.5%). The adverse health effects; 28 (23.3%) recorded as carcinogenic, 17of them (14.4%) affected digestive as well as Respiratory Systems, and 15 of them(12.5%) were related to integumentary System problems. The most common additivesfound were color (27), followed by thickeners (25), and preservatives (12).The higher percentage of adverse effects for each of the color, thickener and acidityregulator were cancer-causing effects, however preservatives mostly affected therespiratory system. The more adverse health effects of additives related to coloradditives, and the higher percentage of color additive found in confectionery food items,so confectionery products were the more harmful food categories that children shouldavoid. Based on the results of this study, the quality of some food products meant forlocal markets is unsatisfactory. It needs to enforce and implement regulations on themanufacturers of products consumed by children to ensure the provision of excellentquality of products for the low-income population of the country.
Impact of Different Stocking Density on Productive and economic Performance of Broiler Chickens
Authors: Rashid Saman , Akram Shilan , Saeed Kirkuki Shahla
Published: July 2017

The present study was conducted at the poultry farm of Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sulaimani in Bakrajo from 8/1/2015 to 20/2/2015. Ninety eight one-day old broiler chicks were distributed on three stocking densities to study broiler performance and economic index. Three treatments of stocking densities: T1, T2 and T3 were respectively as follow (8, 12 and 16 birds/ m2) . Broiler chickens feed intake were taken on each pen at 1, 7, 14, 28, 35 and 42 days in addition to the daily record of body weight, average weight gain, average feed intake, average feed conversion ratio and viability. Body weight and average weight gain for males and females were weekly recorded. Values of European Broiler Index and European Production Efficiency Factor were calculated at 28 and 42 days of age. Body weight of birds did not significantly (p≤0.05) affected within different periods except at day (28) of age. Birds in T1 significantly (p≤0.05) showed higher body weight comparing with other treatments. Feed conversion ratio was significantly (p≤0.05) better for birds in T1 at all periods (1to 42) days of age than birds in T2 and T3. However, the average weight gain and feed intake did not significantly affected by different stocking densities at all periods. The body weight and weight gain of males were significantly (p≤0.05) higher than females at all periods except at one day old. The different stocking densities of broiler chickens were positively influenced the growth performance (body weight. European Broiler Index and European Production Efficiency Factor were numerically higher for T1 birds compared with other treatments.
Shear Strength and Behavior of Reinforced Concrete T-Beam with Openings in Both Web and Flange
Authors: Kawani Yousif , Saeed Jalal , Hasan Mahdi
Published: July 2017

The main objective of this research is to study the shear strength and behavior of reinforced concrete T-beam with openings in the web and flanges. The effect of number and location of openings on the shear strength and behavior of the beams is compared with theoretical equations. The experimental program includes casting and testing of thirteen reinforced concrete T-beams, one of which was cast without any openings, while, the others were cast with openings in the web and/or the flanges under mid span point load. The specimens have constant cross section, with 350 mm flange width, 70 mm flange thickness, 150 mm width of the web, 350 mm over all depth of the beam, and 1800 mm clear span. For all the beams the span and steel reinforcements were kept constant. Variables in this study are the location and number of 50mm diameter openings at distance d=300 mm, and 2d=600 mm from the edge of the beams in both the web and/or the flanges. Experimental results showed that, opening in the webs at distance (d) from supports are more effective on the strength decreasing value of the T-beams than others with an opening in the flange at the same distance from the supports. Beams with one opening in webs and/or flanges at distance (d) from supports are more effective on the strength decreasing value of the T-beams than others with two and four openings in the webs and flanges at distance (2d) from the supports. The presence of the web openings at distance (d) from supports reduces the shear capacity about (30.67% to 33.33%) in comparison with control beam, and about (6.67% to 9.33%) for beams with web opening at distance (2d) from the supports. The presence of flange openings at distance (d) from supports reduces the shear capacity about (17.33% to 30.67%) in comparison with control beam, and about (9.33% to 22.67%) for beams with flange opening at distance (2d) from the supports. Beams with opening in both flanges and webs, the presence of openings at distance (d) from supports reduces the shear capacity about (22.67% to 28%) in comparison with control beam, and about (6.67% to 12%) for beams with openings at distance (2d) from the supports.
Generating Pairwise Combinatorial Interaction Test Suites Using Single Objective Dragonfly Optimisation Algorithm
Authors: Ahmed Bestoun
Published: July 2017

Combinatorial interaction testing has been addressed as an important and effective software testing technique recently. The technique can significantly reduce the number of test cases. It provides an alternative method to exhaustive testing and design of experiments (DOE) by allowing a minimised set of tests to represent the actual set of test cases. The reduction of the test cases is based on the combination of input parameters for the system-under-test. This combination could be considered as input-configuration of different software families. Pairwise combinatorial test suite takes the interaction of two input parameters into consideration instead of many parameter interactions. Evidences showed that this test suite can detect most of the faults in the software-under-test as compared to higher interactions. This paper shows the adaptation and assessment of Dragon Fly (DF), a novel swarm intelligent optimisation algorithm, for pairwise combinatorial test generation. The design of the algorithm is addressed in the paper. The algorithm is evaluated extensively through different experiments and benchmarks. The evaluation shows the efficiency of the proposed technique for test suite generation and the usefulness of DF optimisation algorithm for future investigations.
Hydrocarbon Potential Assessment for Dokan and Gulneri Formations (Upper Cretaceous) in K-130 Well Kirkuk Oil Field, Kurdistan, North of Iraq
Authors: Farraj Razawa
Published: July 2017

Eight rock samples from the Dokan and Gulneri formations in one subsurface section of Kirkuk-130 Well in Northern Iraq were chosen to be studied optically and analytically to determine the source- rock properties of the both rock units. The studied samples showed richness in amorphous organic matter with generally low percentages for other organic matter components. Three palynofacies were distinguished representing proximal suboxic-anoxic shelf and shelf- to – basin transition for the Dokan Formation, whereas a distal suboxic-anoxic basin appeared to be the paleodepositional environment for the Gulneri Formation.The Dokan Formation appears to be poor to fair, whereas the Gulneri Formation showed very good to excellent richness in organic matter as measured from total organic carbon (TOC) contents. The Rock- Eval Pyrolysis data for the studied formations showed that the quality of organic matter in the Dokan Formation is mostly type II/III kerogen, whereas in the Gulneri Formation it is mostly type I kerogen. Thermal maturity indicators, as observed from pyrolysis parameters, indicate an immature state for both studied formations. Accordingly, it is concluded that the Dokan and Gulneri formations did not contribute to generating the accumulated oil in the Kirkuk Field.
Source Rock Assessment of Naokelekan Formation in Iraqi Kurdistan
Authors: Abdula Rzger
Published: July 2017

The Callovian-Kimeridgian Naokelekan Formation is a heterogeneous sequence consisting principally of bituminous shales with bituminous limestone and dolomitic limestones. It is 48 m thick maximally in some parts of the area. One hundred forty four rock and cutting samples from six outcrops and eight boreholes in different parts of Iraqi Kurdistan have been studied using the Rock-Eval technique with the primary purpose of assessing their potentiality as promising source rocks for petroleum. The outcomes of the Rock-Eval study for examined samples shows that TOC ranges from 0.4 to 18.8 wt. % and types II and III kerogens are the main components of organic matter.Qualitative evaluations are also done by textural microscopy used in assessing amorphous organic matter for palynofacies. The organic matters are mature that have thermal alteration index of 2.6-3.2 by Pearson's scale with palynomorphs of dark orange and light brown colors and Tmax ranges between 434 to 493ºC. Thus the Naokelekan Formation can be considered as a source rock for generation and expulsion of oil and/or gas that has been charged largely oil fields in the area.Maturity increases toward the northeastern part of the studied area. Furthermore, the study revealed that Naokelekan Formation is within dry gas and/or late oil zone in the eastern part, early oil window in the central part and immature in the western part of the studied area.
Theoretical Study of Alpha Particles Energy loss in essential elements of Human Bones
Authors: Ezzulddin Saman
Published: July 2017

Energy loss of light ions, such as alpha particles, has measured in human Bones with a different energy, are very important and very useful especially in nuclear therapy and radiation protection. Using SRIM Computer Programs to calculate the stopping power in bones by considering the tissue mostly composed of 7 elements, the alpha stopping powers and Range were calculated for those elements with the energy interval (0.1–4.5) MeV. In addition, the Results of stopping power for alpha in Bones tissues are presented and compared with the latest published data.
Bifurcation by Application Fenichel's Theorem to Singularity Perturbed ODEs
Authors: Yasir Kamal , Mutar Zahraa
Published: July 2017

In this Paper, we will state a special structure of the singularly perturbed system with changes in time scales, when the perturbation parameter. That led to a new structure of fast system. In addition, we will study and studying the invariant manifold of flow of the vector field, and normal hyperpolicity of the fast-slow system in order to provide a proof of the perturbation of normally hyperbolic invariant manifolds due to Fenichel's Theorem.So, we will introduce some basic ideas of the general case of fast-slow system. Also, we introduce an invariant manifold theory that explain the concept of the normal hyperbolicity invariant manifold of fast-slow system when. Center Manifold Theorem on fast-slow system will have been stated in order to get an invariant manifold of singularity perturbed ODEs system, also, we will mention the connection between the Fenichel's Theorem and the application of the Center Manifold Theorem on fast-slow system, and then we will study bifurcation theory on singularity perturbed ODE when perturbed parameter.
Numerical Solution of Nonlinear Whitham-Broer-Kaup Shallow Water Model Using Finite Difference Methods
Authors: Saeed Rostam , Sadeeq Mohammed
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we presented finite difference methods for solving nonlinear Whitham-Broer-Kaup (WBK) shallow water model numerically. We first subdivided the domain of the model by a net with a finite number of mesh points, and the derivative at each point replaced by explicit, Crank-Nicolson, and exponential finite difference approximations. The result is the system of algebraic equations which when solved, provide an approximation to the solutions of WBK model at the selected grid points. Also, a comparison has been made between the approximate solutions obtained by the proposed methods and the exact solutions. Numerical results represented in tables and figures with the help of MATLAB R2015a.
Self-adjoint Fuzzy Operator in Fuzzy Hilbert Space and its Properties
Authors: Rasheed Sudad
Published: July 2017

In this work, we focus our study on adjoint Fuzzy linear operator and self-adjoint Fuzzy linear operator acting on a Fuzzy Hilbert space (FH-Space). We have given several definitions, theorems and discuss in details, The properties of the adjoint and self-adjoint Fuzzy operators in a FH-adjoint Fuzzy operators in a FH-space.
New Image Compression/Decompression Technique Using Arithmetic Coding Algorithm
Authors: Salman Nassir
Published: July 2017

Arithmetic coding is a form of entropy encoding used in lossless data compression. In this article, new technique for image compression/decompression based on arithmetic coding decoding was used. The input image is divided into blocks, each block is 32 x 32 , 64 x 64, and 128 x 128 pixels. If the image is not multiple of the block size , the size of what remains of the image is calculated and columns and rows of zero values are added(padding) up to be all the blocks are 32 x 32,64 x 64..etc . The blocks are separated first as a stream for processing. The result is a stream of compressed tables after do arithmetic coding process and the store bytes are calculated during this process. Then compression ratio is calculated. Finally the stream of the compressed tables is recollected for decompressing (reconstruction image after decoding process) and this is done for each block. The algorithm is tested on different images and the results show a high space saving (88-90%), the process is fast, and it is easy to decode the binary bits to recover the original image exactly without any lose.