bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the context within academic health institutions toward improving equity-based, community and patient-engaged research
Authors: Adsul Prajakta , Sanchez-Youngman Shannon , Dickson Elizabeth , Jacquez Belkis , Kuhlemeier Alena , Muhammad Michael , Briant Katherine J. , Hempstead Bridgette , Mendoza Jason A. , Rosas Lisa G. , Patel Anisha , Rodriguez Espinosa Patricia , Akintobi Tabia , Castro-Reyes Paige , Carter-Edwards Lori , Wallerstein Nina
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The continued momentum toward equity-based, patient/community-engaged research (P/CenR) is pushing health sciences to embrace principles of community-based participatory research. Much of this progress has hinged on individual patient/community–academic partnered research projects and partnerships with minimal institutional support from their academic health institutions.

Methods

We partnered with three academic health institutions and used mixed methods (i.e., institution-wide survey (n = 99); qualitative interviews with institutional leadership (n = 11); and focus group discussions (6 focus groups with patients and community members (n = 22); and researchers and research staff (n = 9)) to gain a deeper understanding of the institutional context.

Results

Five key themes emerged that were supported by quantitative data. First, the global pandemic and national events highlighting social injustices sparked a focus on health equity in academic institutions; however, (theme 2) such a focus did not always translate to support for P/CenR nor align with institutional reputation. Only 52% of academics and 79% of community partners believed that the institution is acting on the commitment to health equity (Χ2 = 6.466, p < 0.05). Third, institutional structures created power imbalances and community mistrust which were identified as key barriers to P/CenR. Fourth, participants reported that institutional resources and investments are necessary for recruitment and retention of community-engaged researchers. Finally, despite challenges, participants were motivated to transform current paradigms of research and noted that accountability, communication, and training were key facilitators.

Conclusions

Triangulating findings from this mixed-methods study revealed critical barriers which provide important targets for interventions to improving supportive policies and practices toward equity-based P/CenR.
Social impact evaluation analysis: a systematic qualitative method for assessing engineered products
Authors: Armstrong Andrew G. , Mattson Christopher A. , Salmon John L. , Dahlin Eric C. , Geilman Thomas B.
Published: December 2024

Social impact has been widely discussed by the engineering community, but studies show that there is currently little systematic consideration of the social impact of products in both academia and in industry beyond social impacts on health and safety. While Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is useful for evaluating health and safety risks, new developments are needed to create an FMEA-style evaluation that can be applied to a wide range of social impacts for engineered products. The authors describe necessary modifications to traditional FMEA that transform it into a tool for social impact analysis. The modification of FMEA involves the introduction of positive and negative impacts, the inclusion of discrete and continuous impacts, the consideration of various stakeholder types, and the inclusion of uncertainty in place of detectability. This modified FMEA is referred to in this paper as Social Impact Effects Analysis (SIEA). The paper describes how SIEA is performed and articulates the potential benefits of SIEA.
Bubble shape oscillations in a turbulent environment
Authors: Rivière Aliénor , Abahri Kamel , Perrard Stéphane
Published: December 2024

We study single bubble deformation statistics in an homogeneous and isotropic turbulent flow by means of direct numerical simulations. We consider bubbles at low Weber number (

$We <3$

) that have not been broken. We show that we can reproduce bubble deformations with a linear dynamics for each spherical harmonic mode. Inferring the coefficients of the linear model from the DNS data, we find that the natural frequency corresponds to the Rayleigh frequency, derived in a quiescent flow. However, the effective damping increases by a factor 7 compared with the quiescent case, at Taylor Reynolds number

$\textit {Re}_\lambda = 55$

. Looking at the flow structure around the bubble, we argue that the enhanced damping originates from a thick boundary layer surrounding the bubble. We demonstrate that the effective forcing, originating from the turbulent flow forcing on the bubble surface, is independent of bubble deformability. Therefore, the interface deformations are only one-way coupled to the flow. From this model we conclude that bubbles break rather from turbulent fluctuations than from a resonant mechanism. Eventually, we investigate the pressure modes’ statistics in the absence of bubbles and compare them with the effective forcing statistics. We show that both fields share the same probability distribution function, characterized by exponential tails, and a characteristic time scale corresponding to the eddy turnover time at the mode scale.
LOST TREASURES RESURFACE: THE UNTOLD STORY OF THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES’ PRINTING PLATES
Authors: Betti Chiara
Published: December 2024

The Society of Antiquaries of London’s collection of one hundred and seventy historical printing plates, dating from the early eighteenth to mid-nineteenth centuries, has long been a hidden gem. This paper presents the results of a research project initiated in 2022, focusing on the provenance, manufacture and bibliographical use of these plates. It explores the evolution of printing practices and the role of coppersmith stamps, shedding light on production methods and industry connections. The project involved digitising the plates for improved accessibility and preservation and cataloguing efforts to establish standardised guidelines for similar collections. Furthermore, the study uncovers the Society’s historical interest in maintaining and utilising these plates, providing valuable insights into past printing practices and collection management. This research enriches our understanding of the Antiquaries’ holdings through meticulous investigation and documentation and underscores the significance of exploring overlooked aspects of historical collections. It also calls for future research endeavours and collaborations to explore connections within the Society’s collections further and expand our knowledge of printing history. Overall, this study emphasises the importance of preserving and studying printing technology as valuable artefacts that contribute to our understanding of the past.
A revised chemical weathering and sediment provenance history for the Late Miocene to recent Laxmi Basin, Arabian Sea
Authors: Clift Peter D. , Curtis Jacqueline G.
Published: December 2024

Measuring chemical weathering histories in submarine fan deposits is critical if the impact of orogenic erosion on atmospheric CO2 levels is to be understood, yet existing records are often noisy and hard to interpret. In this study, we selected mudstones from two International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) sites from the Indus submarine fan and carefully removed the biogenic carbonate. The resulting records of chemical weathering show two trends, one of reducing chemical alteration since ∼8 Ma and which is associated with the Indus River, while a second trend is linked to sediment delivery from peninsular India. The second trend shows little temporal variation. Sediment deposited at IODP Site U1456 in the central Laxmi Basin is preferentially, but not exclusively, Indus-derived, while that at Site U1457 on the eastern flank of Laxmi Ridge is more peninsula-derived. Both trends show much less variability than seen in earlier studies in which various grain-size fractions were integrated together. The efficiency with which CO2 is removed from the atmosphere during chemical weathering has decreased over time in the Indus River-derived material. This reflects both lower degrees of alteration in the sediment since the late Miocene and increasing derivation of sediment from Himalayan sources, rather than more mafic Karakoram-Kohistan rocks. Previous estimates of CO2 consumption have overestimated the contribution that the Indus Basin has made to reducing atmospheric CO2 by ∼28–68%. This work emphasizes the importance of analysing appropriate largely silt-sized sediment when considering submarine fan records and in rigorously removing biogenic carbonate.
Cryo-EM reconstruction of helical polymers: Beyond the simple cases
Authors: Kreutzberger Mark A.B. , Sonani Ravi R. , Egelman Edward H.
Published: December 2024

Helices are one of the most frequently encountered symmetries in biological assemblies. Helical symmetry has been exploited in electron microscopic studies as a limited number of filament images, in principle, can provide all the information needed to do a three-dimensional reconstruction of a polymer. Over the past 25 years, three-dimensional reconstructions of helical polymers from cryo-EM images have shifted completely from Fourier–Bessel methods to single-particle approaches. The single-particle approaches have allowed people to surmount the problem that very few biological polymers are crystalline in order, and despite the flexibility and heterogeneity present in most of these polymers, reaching a resolution where accurate atomic models can be built has now become the standard. While determining the correct helical symmetry may be very simple for something like F-actin, for many other polymers, particularly those formed from small peptides, it can be much more challenging. This review discusses why symmetry determination can be problematic, and why trial-and-error methods are still the best approach. Studies of many macromolecular assemblies, such as icosahedral capsids, have usually found that not imposing symmetry leads to a great reduction in resolution while at the same time revealing possibly interesting asymmetric features. We show that for certain helical assemblies asymmetric reconstructions can sometimes lead to greatly improved resolution. Further, in the case of supercoiled flagellar filaments from bacteria and archaea, we show that the imposition of helical symmetry can not only be wrong, but is not necessary, and obscures the mechanisms whereby these filaments supercoil.
Tight bound for the Erdős–Pósa property of tree minors
Authors: Dujmović Vida , Joret Gwenaël , Micek Piotr , Morin Pat
Published: December 2024

Let
$T$
be a tree on
$t$
vertices. We prove that for every positive integer
$k$
and every graph
$G$
, either
$G$
contains
$k$
pairwise vertex-disjoint subgraphs each having a
$T$
minor, or there exists a set
$X$
of at most
$t(k-1)$
vertices of
$G$
such that
$G-X$
has no
$T$
minor. The bound on the size of
$X$
is best possible and improves on an earlier
$f(t)k$
bound proved by Fiorini, Joret, and Wood (2013) with some fast-growing function
$f(t)$
. Moreover, our proof is short and simple.
Evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of reduced lead paediatric electrocardiograms
Authors: Damera Megan Carroll , Centanni Ryan , Sherman Ashley , Kline Jessica , Follansbee Christopher W. , Chang Philip M. , Malloy-Walton Lindsey E.
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Alternate electrocardiogram acquisition with fewer leads lacks systematic evaluation in children. This study aims to determine if electrocardiograms with fewer leads maintain diagnostic accuracy in paediatrics.

Methods:

This is a single-centre review of 200 randomly selected standard 12-lead electrocardiograms from our hospital database (2017–2020) for patients aged 2 weeks to 21 years. An overlay technique generated 8-lead (limb + V1/V6) and 6-lead (limb only) variations of the 12-lead tracings, resulting in a total of 600 electrocardiograms, which were then interpreted by two independent paediatric electrophysiologists.

Results:

In total, 18% (35/200) of the baseline electrocardiograms were abnormal. Intervals were measured in lead II for all electrocardiograms. Comparing 12-lead to 6- and 8-lead electrocardiograms, there was almost perfect agreement for specific rhythm identification (97.5–100%, κ 0.85-1). The 8-lead showed substantial agreement with 12-lead electrocardiograms when identifying specific electrocardiogram patterns (97.5–100%, κ 0.66–1). A similar degree of agreement was not demonstrated with the 6-lead variant. Utilising the 12-lead electrocardiogram as the gold standard, sensitivity and specificity of the 8- and 6-lead electrocardiogram were > 89% for specific rhythm identification. Specificity for specific pattern recognition was > 99% while sensitivity was < 90% for certain variables for both 6- and 8-lead electrocardiogram, likely due to smaller sample size and fewer abnormal electrocardiograms. There was high percent reader agreement (92.5–100%).

Conclusions:

8-lead electrocardiograms provide comparable diagnostic accuracy to 12-lead electrocardiograms for children. This information holds potential for future technological advancements in electrocardiogram acquisition tailored specifically for paediatrics. Additional studies are required to further refine conventional electrocardiogram acquisition.
The impact of surprise billing laws on hospital-based physician prices and network participation
Authors: Garmon Christopher , Li Yiting , Retchin Sheldon M. , Xu Wendy Yi
Published: December 2024

Prior to the No Surprises Act (NSA), numerous states passed laws protecting patients from surprise medical bills from out-of-network (OON) hospital-based physicians supporting elective treatment in in-network hospitals. Even in non-emergency situations, patients have little ability to choose physicians such as anaesthesiologists, pathologists or radiologists. Using a comprehensive, multi-payer claims database, we estimated the effect of these laws on hospital-based physician reimbursement, charges, network participation and potential surprise billing episodes. Overall, the state laws were associated with a reduction in anaesthesiology prices and charges, but an increase in pathology and radiology prices. The price effects for each state exhibit substantial heterogeneity. California and New Jersey experienced increases in network participation by anaesthesiologists and pathologists and reductions in potential surprise billing episodes, but, overall, we find little evidence of changes in network participation across all of the states implementing surprise billing laws. Our results suggest that the effects of the NSA may vary across states.
Directed Forgetting and the Production Effect
Authors: Spear Jackie , Reid J. Nick , Guitard Dominic , Jamieson Randall K.
Published: December 2024

Abstract: The item-based directed-forgetting effect is explained as a difference in how strongly people encode remember-cued over forget-cued targets. In contrast, the production effect is typically explained as a difference in the distinctiveness of the memory of produced over unproduced targets. The procedural alignment of the two effects – directing participants to remember or forget, produce or not – coupled with their different theoretical explanations (i.e., strength vs. distinctiveness) presents an opportunity to investigate common versus differential effects of elaborative encoding. This study aims to bridge the gap between these two well-established phenomena by comparing the differences in directed forgetting and the production effect in the context of recognition. Mixed- and pure-list designs were utilized to provide an index of each of these mechanisms in both procedures. Along with a standard production effect and directed forgetting effect in the mixed-list conditions, we found evidence for strength primarily driving results in both procedures. Results are explained using a global matching model of recognition memory, MINERVA 2, by assuming varying levels of encoding strength in relation to task demands. Critically, we obtain the best fit using a strength mechanism over a combined strength and distinctiveness mechanism for our data.
Short‐Lived Air Pollutants and Climate Forcers Through the Lens of the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Wang Yuan , Zhang Chenchong , Pennington Elyse A. , He Liyin , Yang Jiani , Yu Xueying , Liu Yangfan , Seinfeld John H.
Published: December 2024

Dramatic reductions in anthropogenic emissions during the lockdowns of the COVID‐19 pandemic provide an unparalleled opportunity to assess responses of the Earth system to human activities. Here, we synthesize the latest progress in understanding changes in short‐lived atmospheric constituents, that is, aerosols, ozone (O3), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and methane (CH4), in response to COVID‐19 induced emission reductions and the associated climate impacts on regional and global scales. The large‐scale emission reduction in the transportation sector reduced near‐surface particulate and ozone concentrations, with certain regional enhancements modulated by atmospheric oxidizing capacity and abnormal meteorological conditions. The methane increase during the pandemic is a combined effect of fluctuations in methane emissions and chemical sinks. Global net radiative forcing of all short‐lived species was found to be small, but regionally, aerosol radiative impacts during the lockdowns were discernible near China and India. Aerosol microphysical effects on clouds and precipitation were reported from modeling assessments only, except for observed reductions in aircraft contrails. There exist moderate climatic impacts of the pandemic on regional surface temperature, atmospheric circulations, and ecosystems, mainly over populous and polluted areas. Novel methodologies emerge in the pandemic‐related research to achieve the synergy between observations from multiple platforms and model simulations and to overcome the enormous hurdles and sophistication in detection and attribution studies. The insight gained from COVID‐19 research concerning the complex interplay between emission, chemistry, and meteorology, as well as the unexpected climate forcing‐responses relationships, underscores future challenges for cleaning up the air and alleviating the adverse impacts of global warming.
Arctic Beavers Advance North and Accelerate Permafrost Thaw
Authors: van Deelen Grace
Published: December 2024

As beavers build dams in new areas, they impound water, warming permafrost adjacent to their ponds.
Seventeen Million Years of Episodic Volcanism Recorded Within the Geologist Seamounts: Implications for Tectonic Drivers of Intraplate Volcanism
Authors: Scott Brandon , Konrad Kevin
Published: December 2024

Upwelling and decompression of mantle plumes is the primary mechanism for large volumes of intraplate volcanism; however, many seamounts do not correlate spatially, temporally, or geochemically with plumes. One region of enigmatic volcanism in the ocean basins that is not clearly attributable to plume‐derived magmatism is the Geologist Seamounts and the wider South Hawaiian Seamount Province (∼19°N, 157°W). Here we present new bathymetric maps as well as 40Ar/39Ar age determinations and major and trace element geochemistry for six remote‐operated vehicle recovered igneous rock samples (NOAA‐OER EX1504L3) and two dredged samples (KK840824‐02) from the Geologist Seamounts. The new ages indicate that volcanism was active from 90 to 87 Ma and 74 to 73 Ma, inferring that in conjunction with previous ages of ∼84 Ma, seamount emplacement initiated near the paleo Pacific‐Farallon spreading ridge and volcanism spanned at least ∼17 m.y. Geochemical analyses indicate that Geologist Seamount lava flows are highly alkalic and represent low‐degree partial mantle melts primarily formed from a mixture of melting within the garnet and spinel stability field. The ages and morphology inferred that the seamounts were likely not related to an extinct plume. Instead, we build upon previous models that local microblock formation corresponded to regional lithospheric extension. We propose that the microblock was bounded by the Molokai and short‐lived Kana Keoki fracture zones. Regional deformation and corresponding volcanism among the Geologist Seamounts associated with the microblock potentially occurred in pulses contemporaneous to independently constrained changes in Pacific Plate motion—indicating that major changes in plate vectors can generate intraplate volcanism.
Glacial Atlantic Carbon Storage Enhanced by a Shallow AMOC and Marine Aggregates Sinking
Authors: Liu Bo , Maerz Joeran , Ilyina Tatiana
Published: December 2024

Representing glacial‐interglacial changes in ocean carbon sequestration remains a major challenge for Earth System Models (ESMs). Uncertainties in ocean circulation and biological carbon export are essential causes for model‐data mismatch. We quantify the impact of these factors by calibrating the Max Planck Institute‐ESM. A shallower and weaker glacial Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) than the present day, achieved by decreasing background vertical diffusivity, enables capturing the main features in observed , 14 and . A prognostic sinking scheme responding to changing dust deposition and biological production enhances glacial ocean organic matter export efficiency in high latitudes. Together, the shallower AMOC and a comprehensive sinking scheme substantially improve model‐data comparison and carbon storage in the glacial Atlantic but not in the Pacific and Indian oceans, mainly due to reduced primary production. Our results yield that representing glacial‐interglacial ocean carbon storage in ESMs requires both constraining ocean circulation and improved biogeochemical processes.
Skillful Prediction of Indian Monsoon Intraseasonal Precipitation Using Central Indian Ocean Mode and Machine Learning
Authors: Zhou Lei , Yu Yanwei , Yan Bingqi , Zhao Xingyu , Qin Jianhuang , Tan Wei , Tang Youmin , Li Xiaofeng , Li Xiaojing , Dong Junyu , Chen Dake , Murtugudde Raghu
Published: December 2024

Monsoonal precipitation is dominated by intraseasonal variabilities, whose skillful prediction lead time is currently less than 5 days and remains a grand challenge. Here we show that an intrinsic variability in the Indian Ocean, the Central Indian Ocean (CIO) mode, when combined with a machine learning (ML) algorithm, can produce skillful predictions of intraseasonal precipitation over the monsoon region with a lead time of over 15 days, which is close to the theoretical predictability limit. This remarkable skill improvement stems from the fact that the CIO mode is dynamically related to the intraseasonal monsoon rainfall, while the data‐driven ML algorithm suppresses unwanted high‐frequency noise. Using the CIO mode and the ML algorithm, the forecast system hybridizes physical fundamentals and versatility of data‐driven algorithms. The identification of CIO mode and the verification of its significant contribution to intraseasonal predictions advance our understanding of the coupled monsoon system and also underscores the great potential of ML techniques in weather forecasts and climate predictions.
Wave‐Telescope Analysis for Multipoint Observatories: Impact of Timing and Spatial Uncertainties
Authors: Klein K. G. , Broeren T. , Roberts O. , Schulz L.
Published: December 2024

The wave telescope technique is used to reconstruct spatial power distributions of space plasmas from multipoint spacecraft missions. This study aims to quantify the impact of uncalibrated uncertainties in the time synchronization and the spatial position on the accuracy of the wave telescope method for observatories with more than four spacecraft, for example, HelioSwarm a nine‐spacecraft NASA observatory currently in Phase B. We simulate synthetic data with systemic timing and spatial errors modeled using geometries drawn from HelioSwarm's Design Reference Mission, applying the wave telescope technique to estimate wavevectors for two characteristic ion‐scale waves. By carefully selecting optimal polyhedral configurations from the overall geometry, and combining signals from multiple polyhedra, the impact of systematic uncertainties and spatial aliasing can be significantly reduced, leading to more accurate wavevector identification for future multipoint missions.
Long‐Term Changes in Salinity in the South China Sea Due To Anthropogenic Forcing
Authors: Wu Y. , Zheng X.‐T. , Wang H. , Liu F. , Kang S. , Zhou L.
Published: December 2024

Changes in ocean salinity are essential for the stratification of the upper ocean and the regional marine ecosystem. In this study, 10 sets of large ensemble experiments and multi‐model ensembles from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) are used to investigate the effect of anthropogenic forcing on upper ocean salinity in the South China Sea (SCS). In most models, surface salinity increases during the historical period due to external forcing. Using the salinity budget, we find that a decrease in freshwater flux, particularly precipitation, is responsible for the increase in salinity, although horizontal advection also contributes to the change. Single forcing experiments reveal that the change in salinity in the SCS is mainly attributed to anthropogenic forcing, while the influence of natural forcing is relatively small. Anthropogenic aerosols (AAs) can decrease the dynamic and thermal components of precipitation, resulting in a considerable increase in salinity. In contrast, anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) have less effect on long‐term trend in SCS salinity because the GHG forcing leads to an increased thermal response of precipitation but a decreased dynamic response. Additionally, we use the Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1) to evaluate the role of different aerosol emission sources in modulating the salinity change in the SCS. The experimental results show that aerosol emissions from Asia dominate the salinity change in the SCS by changing the local Hadley circulation. In contrast, the contribution of aerosol emissions from North America and Europe (NAEU) is much smaller.
Finite Element Method Modeling of the Wire Thickness of a Monopole on a Circular Ground Plane
Authors: Hynes C. G. , Vaughan R. G.
Published: December 2024

Simulations and measurements of the input impedance and matching of a cylindrical monopole at the center of a circular ground plane are presented. The design parameters are the monopole length ( to ), the monopole radius ( to ), and the ground plane radius ( to ), where is the wavelength. Using new numerical results from the Finite Element Method (FEM), previous theoretical impedance results for an infinitesimally thin element are shown to be inaccurate for monopoles of practical thicknesses since there can be a strong dependence on the wire thickness—even for electrically very thin wires. The FEM offers convenient modeling for the wire thickness and the results match well with physical experiments. To obtain good antenna impedance matching to a 50 impedance, that is, dB, for any ground plane radius greater than (an arbitrary lower bound) and any practical wire monopole radius, the simulations show that a monopole length of can be used.
AR alterations inform circulating tumor DNA detection in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer patients
Authors: Knutson Todd P. , Luo Bin , Kobilka Anna , Lyman Jacqueline , Guo Siyuan , Munro Sarah A. , Li Yingming , Heer Rakesh , Gaughan Luke , Morris Michael J. , Beltran Himisha , Ryan Charles J. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Armstrong Andrew J. , Halabi Susan , Dehm Scott M.
Published: December 2024

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in plasma cell free DNA (cfDNA) of cancer patients is associated with poor prognosis, but is challenging to detect from low plasma volumes. In metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), ctDNA assays are needed to prognosticate outcomes of patients treated with androgen receptor (AR) inhibitors. We develop a custom targeted cfDNA sequencing assay, named AR-ctDETECT, to detect ctDNA in limiting plasma cfDNA available from mCRPC patients in the Alliance A031201 randomized phase 3 trial of enzalutamide with or without abiraterone. Of 776 patients, 59% are ctDNA-positive, with 26% having high ctDNA aneuploidy and 33% having low ctDNA aneuploidy but displaying AR gain or structural rearrangement, MYC/MYCN gain, or a pathogenic mutation. ctDNA-positive patients have significantly worse median overall survival than ctDNA-negative patients (29.0 months vs. 47.4 months, respectively). Here, we show that mCRPC patients identified as ctDNA-positive using the AR-ctDETECT assay have poor survival despite treatment with potent AR inhibitors in a phase 3 trial.
Genomic virulence markers are associated with severe outcomes in patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection
Authors: Valik John Karlsson , Giske Christian G. , Hasan Badrul , Gozalo-Margüello Mónica , Martínez-Martínez Luis , Premru Manica Mueller , Martinčič Žiga , Beović Bojana , Maraki Sofia , Zacharioudaki Maria , Kofteridis Diamantis , McCarthy Kate , Paterson David , Cueto Marina de , Morales Isabel , Leibovici Leonard , Babich Tanya , Granath Fredrik , Rodríguez-Baño Jesús , Oliver Antonio , Yahav Dafna , Nauclér Pontus
Published: December 2024

Background

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) bloodstream infection (BSI) is a common healthcare-associated complication linked to antimicrobial resistance and high mortality. Ongoing clinical trials are exploring novel anti-virulence agents, yet studies on how bacterial virulence affects PA infection outcomes is conflicting and data from real-world clinical populations is limited.

Methods

We studied a multicentre cohort of 773 adult patients with PA BSI consecutively collected during 7-years from sites in Europe and Australia. Comprehensive clinical data and whole-genome sequencing of all bacterial strains were obtained.

Results

Based on the virulence genotype, we identify several virulence clusters, each showing varying proportions of multidrug-resistant phenotypes. Genes tied to biofilm synthesis and epidemic clones ST175 and ST235 are associated with mortality, while the type III secretion system is associated with septic shock. Adding genomic biomarkers to machine learning models based on clinical data indicates improved prediction of severe outcomes in PA BSI patients.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that virulence markers provide prognostic information with potential applications in guiding adjuvant sepsis treatments.
In situ polymerized ether-based polymer electrolytes towards practical lithium metal batteries
Authors: Peng Sisi , Fu Jialong , Wei Lu , Guo Xin
Published: December 2024

Progress in the study of ether-based polymer electrolytes for in situ polymerization is reviewed, including ring-opening polymerization, Li+ conduction mechanism, and recycling of ether-based polymer electrolytes.
Optically active cofacial ABCD-Pt(ii)–porphyrin dimer exhibits bright circularly polarized phosphorescence
Authors: Inoue Ryo , Kobayashi Mayu , Morisaki Yasuhiro
Published: December 2024

Optically active cofacial ABCD-Pt(ii)–porphyrin dimer was synthesized. The enantiomers exhibited bright circularly polarized phosphorescence with BCPP values over 101 M−1 cm−1.
Mechanical-force-induced thermochromic-to-photochromic conversion of a coupled Schiff base hinged via a biphenyl moiety
Authors: Omasa Koichiro , Yoshikawa Isao , Houjou Hirohiko
Published: December 2024

Chromic properties are manually switched by a change of molecular environment in the solid state.
Catalytic evaluation of microwave-assisted copper cobaltite oxide (CuCo2O4) for propane oxidation
Authors: García-Peña Nidia Guadalupe , Redón Rocío , Gomez-Peralta Juan Ivan , Díaz David , Bohkimi Xim , Daza-Gómez Lucy-Caterine
Published: December 2024

Attainment of a pristine copper cobaltite (CuCo2O4) phase by a fast and easy microwave (MW) assisted method and its application in the selective oxidation of propane is presented in this paper.
A redox-active metal–organic framework mediator enables enhanced polysulfide confinement and streamlined reaction pathways in lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Zeng Qinghan , Zhang Ruishan , Lu Haibin , Yang Junhua , Rong Jionghui , Weng Jingqia , Zhang Bingkai , Xiong Shiyun , Zhang Qi , Huang Shaoming
Published: December 2024

A redox-active metal–organic framework mediator was engineered by terminally immobilizing and protecting linear redox units within nanopores, leading to enhanced polysulfide trapping, streamlined redox pathways and accelerated reaction kinetics.
Conducting polymer transforms hydrophobic porous membranes into robust gas diffusion layers in electrochemical applications
Authors: Noh Hwiyoon , Yeo Hyunki , Boudouris Bryan W. , Tackett Brian M.
Published: December 2024

A new self-conductive all-polymer GDL configuration, using a conductive polymer layer and hydrophobic layer, overcomes the most prominent obstacles of existing carbon-based and PTFE-based GDLs, representing a next-generation GDL technology.
Enhanced interface adhesion with a polymeric hole transporter enabling high-performance air-processed perovskite solar cells
Authors: Zhao Yu , Liu Yangyang , Ren Zhijun , Li Yiran , Zhang Yaoyao , Kong Fan-Cheng , Liu Tianxiao , Shi Xiaoyu , Dou Yunjie , Wang Lingyuan , Wang Feifei , Guo Xiangliang , Cao Yi , Wang Wei , Chow Philip C. Y. , Chen Shangshang
Published: December 2024

A polymeric hole transporter is developed with enhanced adhesion to the substrate and improved conductivity. Our air-processed perovskite solar cells achieve a power conversion efficiency of ∼25% and demonstrate good stability.
Investigating gold nanorod-mediated hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine: a way for electrochemical detection of organophosphate pesticides
Authors: Praharaj Chumki , Singh Smriti , Tripathi Pranav , Nara Seema
Published: December 2024

Gold nanorods (GNRs) with esterase-like activity were synthesized for ATCH hydrolysis. The quenching effect of organophosphate pesticides on this activity enabled sensitive detection of malathion and methyl parathion.
Understanding stable adsorption states in flexible soft porous coordination polymers through free energy profiles
Authors: Carpenter James E. , Díaz Jean Galliano Vega , Robinson Johnathan , Colón Yamil J.
Published: December 2024

Soft porous coordination polymers show metastable states in volume while varying loading. The flexibility of the linkers affects the resulting configurations.
Is DFT enough? Towards accurate high-throughput computational screening of azobenzenes for molecular solar thermal applications
Authors: Aleotti Flavia , Soprani Lorenzo , Rodríguez-Almeida Lucas F. , Calcagno Francesco , Loprete Fabio , Rivalta Ivan , Orlandi Silvia , Canè Elisabetta , Garavelli Marco , Conti Irene , Muccioli Luca
Published: December 2024

We present an accurate and efficient screening protocol for azobenzene derivatives for Molecular Solar Thermal (MOST) applications based on ground state properties.
Phyto-mediated synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles using Croton malabaricus Bedd. for its antioxidant, antibacterial, hemocompatibility properties and photocatalytic activity
Authors: Sishu Nayan Kumar , Karunakaran Murali Krishna Reddy , Hadkar Vrushali Manoj , Mohanty Chirasmita , Sharmila Arunagiri , Selvaraj Chinnadurai Immanuel , Babu N.M. Ganesh
Published: December 2024

The phyto-mediated production of SnO2 nanoparticles (Cm-SnO2 NPs) using the stem wood 50% ethanolic extract of Croton malabaricus Bedd. as a reducing agent.
Size-, shape-, facet- and support-dependent selectivity of Cu nanoparticles in CO2 reduction through multiparameter optimization
Authors: Tripathi Anjana , Thapa Ranjit
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the limited selectivity of the Cu111 surface for C–C bond formation during CO2 reduction and explores the factors influencing selectivity using Cu nanoparticles smaller than 2 nm.
Strong enhancement of effective refractive index in structured colloids (TiO2@Silica): Localization of light
Authors: Dipold Jessica , Wetter Niklaus U. , Marques Francisco C. , Dogariu Aristide , Jiménez-Villar Ernesto
Published: December 2024

A large enhancement of the effective refractive index experienced by Raman photons is demonstrated in a scattering medium comprising spatially-correlated photonic structures of core–shell TiO2@Silica scatterers plus silica NPs suspended in ethanol.
Controlling Raman enhancement in particle–aperture hybrid nanostructures by interlayer spacing
Authors: Kabusure Kabusure M. , Piskunen Petteri , Saarinen Jarkko J. , Linko Veikko , Hakala Tommi K.
Published: December 2024

Varying the spacing between layers of aligned metal nanoparticles and apertures enables control over the coupling strength of their plasmon resonances and therefore the overall field enhancement.
Copper doped magnetic vortex nanoring based nanotherapeutics for bacterial infection tri-therapy: interplay of magnetic hyperthermia, chemodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhao Wenqian , Tu Hui , Zu Xiangyang , Li Jinghua , Lei Kun , Li Jing , Zhuang Yuchuan , Dong Yanbo , Tulupov Andrey , Zhang Fengshou , Bao Jianfeng
Published: December 2024

This study has developed an advanced copper doped magnetic vortex nanoring coated with polydopamine (Cu–MVNp) for triple therapy (hyperthermia, chemodynamic therapy, and photothermal therapy) to address bacterial infections.
Design and evaluation of solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems of cyclosporine developed with a superior adsorbent base
Authors: Kumar Mohit , Chawla Pooja A. , Faruk Abdul , Chawla Viney
Published: December 2024

Development of S-SNEDDS of cyclosporine (CYC).
Tunable circularly polarized luminescence of D–A type chiral conjugated oligomers via achiral donors
Authors: Wang Yuxiang , Feng Yabin , Wang Qian , Meng Qi
Published: December 2024

D–A type chiral conjugated oligomers are developed by the copolymerization of axially chiral acceptors and achiral donors, which exhibit tunable circularly polarized luminescence via the variation of achiral donors.
Hierarchical amplification of chirality in anion-coordinated tetrahedral cages
Authors: Zhao Jie , Lian Mingli , Ni Zijian , Yu Le , Yang Dong
Published: December 2024

Upon the self-assembly and subsequent host-guest chemistry, a hierarchical chiral system at the supramolecular level was established, featuring controllable chiral transfer and amplification.
Innovative 2D dioxonium vanadium oxide: enhancing stability in aqueous zinc-ion battery cathodes
Authors: De Luna Yannis , Mohamed Zakiah , Dawoud Abdulilah , Bensalah Nasr
Published: December 2024

Layered V3O8(H3O)2 was applied as Zn-ion batteries cathode, delivering a highly stable performance. DFT calculations showed a structural change during cycling, resulting in significant specific capacity enhancement and stabilization.
Fabrication of tetraethyl orthosilicate/ethanol–water surfactant-free microemulsions and their applications in self-templating synthesis of monodispersed silica colloidal spheres
Authors: Lu Jiahan , Peng Longhua , Zhang Ao , Xu Jiaqiong , Wu Min , Ma Shiyu
Published: December 2024

There is a clear correlation between silica morphologies and mesostructures of SFMEs.
Stability and performance investigation using different electrode configurations and electrolyte compositions in an oxyhydrogen gas generator
Authors: Mughal Waqas , Ji Pei , Rauf Usman , Junping Liu , Waheed Abdul , Kumar Perdeep
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to develop an efficient HHO generator with higher gas production, enhanced electrodes, and stable current density.
Dynamic flow experiments for Bayesian optimization of a single process objective
Authors: Florit Federico , Nandiwale Kakasaheb Y. , Armstrong Cameron T. , Grohowalski Katharina , Diaz Angel R. , Mustakis Jason , Guinness Steven M. , Jensen Klavs F.
Published: December 2024

DynO guides an experimental optimization campaign by suggesting the conditions to use in dynamic flow experiments. DynO is supported by a Gaussian process and stopping criteria, efficiently combining dynamic experiments and Bayesian optimization.
A reliable, colloidal synthesis method of the orthorhombic chalcogenide perovskite, BaZrS3, and related ABS3 nanomaterials (A = Sr, Ba; B = Ti, Zr, Hf): a step forward for earth-abundant, functional materials
Authors: Hayes Daniel C. , Agarwal Shubhanshu , Vincent Kiruba Catherine , Aimiuwu Izoduwa M. , Pradhan Apurva A. , Uible Madeleine C. , Bart Suzanne C. , Agrawal Rakesh
Published: December 2024

Chalcogenide perovskites have become of interest for their increased stability, compared to their halide counterparts, and potential optoelectronic properties. A reliable colloidal method is presented here for BaZrS3 and related ABS3 nanomaterials.
Enhancing activity and stability of RuO2 as a bifunctional catalyst using a thermally tuned α-MnO2 interlayer for hydrogen production
Authors: Bishwanathan Shashwat , Oberoi Simran Kaur , Gyanprakash Maurya , Gupta Prashant Kumar
Published: December 2024

This study proposes a heterostructure electrode for commercial hydrogen generation utilizing thermally adjusted α-MnO2 and ultra-low RuO2. The suggested electrode exhibits remarkable stability and activity in AEMs.
State-of-the-art of industrial PET mechanical recycling: technologies, impact of contamination and guidelines for decision-making
Authors: Bezeraj Erion , Debrie Simon , Arraez Francisco J. , Reyes Pablo , Van Steenberge Paul H. M. , D'hooge Dagmar R. , Edeleva Mariya
Published: December 2024

A design of PET mechanical recycling at the industrial scale requires the inspection of the relevance of pre-treatment steps, degradation reactions and repair potential, accounting for the impact of contamination (e.g. NIAS) and regulations.
A novel embedded voltage‐clamped circuit for multilevel modular converters submodule to suppress very fast transient overvoltage
Authors: Shen Hong , Dongye Zhonghao , Xiao Mian , Shao Jiayi , Zhang Xiangyu , Yao Yao , Dong Zifan , Qi Lei
Published: December 2024

The submodule in multilevel modular converters experiences a very fast transient overvoltage (VFTO) during switch operation of gas‐insulated switchgear, which also results in overvoltage on power devices, such as thyristors and insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). This work presents an embedded circuit that utilises a gap in conjunction with a metal oxide varistor (MOV) to control the voltage of the surge arrester and prevent false triggers during the transient phase when the IGBT is turned off. The mechanism of VFTO is analysed. Moreover, the design idea is suggested and the gap‐MOV circuit is constructed. Ultimately, experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the suggested gap‐MOV in suppressing overvoltage.
Experimental study on the influence of a PEM water electrolyzer cell's impedance on its power consumption under impaired power quality
Authors: Puranen Pietari , Hehemann Michael , Järvinen Lauri , Ruuskanen Vesa , Kosonen Antti , Ahola Jero , Kauranen Pertti
Published: December 2024

Impaired power quality is known to increase the power consumption of water electrolysis cells without affecting the hydrogen production rate. Owing to a lack of large‐signal dynamic water electrolyzer models, simulations on the topic often consider only the static polarization curve omitting actual cell dynamics. This article aims to bridge the gap by experimentally studying the dynamic phenomena leading to additional power consumption of a polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzer cell using sinusoidal current ripple. The effect of ripple amplitude is analyzed with high‐speed current and voltage waveform measurements, and the frequency dependence is determined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The complex cell impedance is found to be the only parameter needed for determining the additional power consumption at frequencies above . This finding enables a simple prediction of additional power consumption for arbitrary current waveforms at frequencies relevant for water electrolyzer rectifiers. At frequencies below , the static polarization curve begins to influence the voltage waveform of the specific cell, thereby reducing the predictive power of the impedance model. The results prove the use of the static polarization curve is generally inaccurate for modeling water electrolysis power consumption with ripple current.
Stellar parameter prediction and spectral simulation using machine learning
Authors: Cvrček Vojtěch , Romaniello Martino , Šára Radim , Freudling Wolfram , Ballester Pascal
Published: December 2024

Aims. We applied machine learning to the entire data history of ESO’s High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) instrument. Our primary goal was to recover the physical properties of the observed objects, with a secondary emphasis on simulating spectra. We systematically investigated the impact of various factors on the accuracy and fidelity of the results, including the use of simulated data, the effect of varying amounts of real training data, network architectures, and learning paradigms.

Methods. Our approach integrates supervised and unsupervised learning techniques within autoencoder frameworks. Our methodology leverages an existing simulation model that utilizes a library of existing stellar spectra in which the emerging flux is computed from first principles rooted in physics and a HARPS instrument model to generate simulated spectra comparable to observational data. We trained standard and variational autoencoders on HARPS data to predict spectral parameters and generate spectra. Convolutional and residual architectures were compared, and we decomposed autoencoders in order to assess component impacts.

Results. Our models excel at predicting spectral parameters and compressing real spectra, and they achieved a mean prediction error of ~50 K for effective temperatures, making them relevant for most astrophysical applications. Furthermore, the models predict metallicity ([M/H]) and surface gravity (log g) with an accuracy of ~0.03 dex and ~0.04 dex, respectively, underscoring their broad applicability in astrophysical research. Moreover, the models can generate new spectra that closely mimic actual observations, enriching traditional simulation techniques. Our variational autoencoder-based models achieve short processing times: 779.6 ms on a CPU and 3.97 ms on a GPU. These results demonstrate the benefits of integrating high-quality data with advanced model architectures, as it significantly enhances the scope and accuracy of spectroscopic analysis. With an accuracy comparable to the best classical analysis method but requiring a fraction of the computation time, our methods are particularly suitable for high-throughput observations such as massive spectroscopic surveys and large archival studies.