bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy Rehabilitation of Social Housing in Vulnerable Areas. Case study: a 1950s Building in a Medium-sized Mediterranean City
Authors: José Ruá María , Patricia Huedo , Manuel Cabeza , Beatriz Saez , Vicente Civera
Published: March 2019

In the urban context, buildings play a key role as they are energy consumers. In well-established cities with a high percentage of aged building stock, the focus should lie on sensitive urban areas where the weakest population sectors and the worst physico-economic conditions are usually encountered. In this work, the energy refurbishment of social housing is proposed. A block of municipally owned buildings is selected as a case study to consider that public buildings play an exemplary role according to Directive 2012/27/EU. The group is formed by 12 buildings, which account for 120 dwellings.This study is grounded on two levels. First the urban level. The building is located in a prioritised urban Area of Rehabilitation, Renovation and Urban Regeneration (ARRU), according to the new local Land Plan. This area presents multidimensional vulnerability and considers urban, building, socio-demographic and socio-economic features. Second, the building presents very low energy performance. It was built in 1959 when a high demand of dwellings and the economic resources then available led to low-quality buildings that are far from meeting today’s standards.Some proposals are made, having in mind the specific features of the urban context. The energy refurbishment of the building is proposed, selecting the optimal solution, considering technical, environmental and economic criteria. The energy performance simulation shows a remarkable improvement of the energy performance, resulting in an improvement of the thermal comfort of the dwellers. Besides, a reduction in the energy consumption is reached, which would reduce the energy bills and, on the other hand, a reduction of the carbon emissions to the atmosphere, contributing to a better environment quality. Having in mind that the building is intended for social housing, energy poverty situations could be avoided, as dwellings are inhabited by low-income dwellers.
Second Language Writing Tasks: The Gains of the Cognitive-Mentalist Error Analysis in Essay Writings
Authors: Kolade Dr. Akinwamide Timothy
Published: March 2019

Writing is a skill, which demands that students plan and organize their imagination clearly and in sequential order to fulfill the essence of writing which is communicative. Teaching the writing skill is more difficult than teaching and practicing other language skills because of its generative tendency. It is an extremely complex cognitive activity in which the writer is required to demonstrate the control of a number of variables simultaneously and intelligently to achieve the communicative goal. By implication, it means the writer must plan the content, format, sentence structure, vocabulary, punctuation, spelling and formation of ideas. Successful writing is an end product of intelligent reasoning and good planning.

It is from the complexity platform above that one can rightly view the audrous task of students of English as a Second Language (ESL) extraction. The interference from the First Language (FL) or Mother Tongue (MT) is inevitable at this trying stage. Interaction goes on globally and there is the need to be able to interact verbally and in the written form acceptably. The approach offers in the Cognitive Mentalist submission is the focus of this paper. The students are expected to express their views, imagination, experience and observations freely unmindful of errors. This approach is primarily expressive and laden with errors of the writers. The searchlight is therefore beamed on how the analysis of errors committed can be of benefits to both the ESL learner and teacher.
Pengembangan Model Penciptaan Lagu Rohani
Authors: Yohanes I Nyoman , Suharsono Naswan , Tegeh I Made
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study is to describe the ways the spiritual songwriter creating their songs, weave patterns or how they are to be used as a model of hymns writng that can be implemented by others. Design used is research and development. Research conducted on some of the literature related to the birth stories of spiritual songs. Development is done on the model creation hymns, as the combination of the results of the research literature and research experience in creating spiritual songs. Data collection methods that researchers use is the study of literature. interviews and try quisener the subject. Data were analyzed by descriptive qualitative. Through this study has developed a model of the creation of spiritual songs that can be implemented by others. The model developed includes the steps of: a simple poem procurement, laying of lines bars, beats determination, giving tone and perform melodic refinement by utilizing certain ethnic scales.
Kontribusi Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah, Motivasi Kerja,dan Iklim Sekolah terhadap Kinerja Guru
Authors: Subandi Subandi
Published: March 2019

This study aims at determining the contribution of school principal leadership, work motivation and school climate to the  performance of elementary school teachers at Cluster IV District of Baturiti Tabanan Bali. This research was an ex-post facto research. The population which as also treated as the sample in this study were 61 teachers. Data in this study were collected by using questionnaires. Data analysis was performed by using simple regression, multiple regression, and partial correlation. The results showed that: (1) there was a significant contribution of headmaster leadership to the performance of elementary school teachers, (2) ) there is a significant contribution of teacher's work motivation to the performance of elementary school teacher; (3) there is significant contribution of work climate on the performance of elementary school teachers, and (4) together, there  is a significant contribution of principal leadership, motivation work and work climate on the performance of elementary school teachers.
Musiikkialan tekijänoikeudet, ansaintalogiikat ja digitaalisen aineiston saatavuus
Authors: Rytinki Markus
Published: March 2019

FM Markus Rytinki väitteli 7.12.2018 Oulun yliopiston humanistisessa tiedekunnassa aiheesta "Musiikkialan tekijänoikeuksien kesto, ansaintalogiikat ja digitaalisen aineiston saatavuus internetissä". Vastaväittäjänä toimi professori Tarja Rautiainen-Keskustalo (Tampereen yliopisto), ja kustoksena professori Erkki Karvonen (Oulun yliopisto). Informaatiotutkimuksen alaan kuuluva väitöskirja on julkaistu sarjassa Acta Universitatis Ouluensis. B, Humaniora, ja se on luettavissa myös Oulun yliopiston Julkari-palvelussa osoitteessa http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526221182.
Aboveground and below-ground carbon allocation of summer rape under elevated CO2 and air temperature
Authors: Juozapaitienė Gintarė , Dikšaitytė Austra , Sujetovienė Gintarė , Aleinikovienė Jūratė , Juknys Romualdas
Published: March 2019

In studies on plant responses to climate change more attention has been given to aboveground processes although carbon input by plants into the soil is a major flux in the global carbon cycle. The objective of study was to investigate the effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on carbon allocation and partitioning in different parts of plant, soil, and microbial biomass. An experiment was conducted on summer rape (Brassica napus L.) under increased levels of air temperature and atmospheric CO2 in controlled environment chambers. Results showed that the amount of leaf, stem and root carbon statistically significantly increased under elevated CO2 and temperature conditions. Microbial biomass carbon significantly increased by 11.2% and 13.5% under elevated CO2 and elevated CO2 and temperature, respectively, although soil carbon under both treatments decreased. It is concluded that carbon allocation is controlled under different climate conditions; however, elevated CO2 and temperature together will have a more significant effect for carbon allocation to different plant parts and microbial biomass carbon compared to elevated CO2 alone.
Assessment of diastolic function in patients with chest pain and angiographically normal coronary arteries using ECG-gated spect
Authors: Khachirova EA , Samoylenko LE , Shevchenko OP
Published: March 2019

The diagnosis and treatment of patients with angiographically normal or near normal coronary arteries remains a clinically relevant problem. The aim of this study was to assess diastolic function in patients with chest pain and normal/near normal coronary arteries (NECA) using ECG-gated SPECT/CT. The study recruited 49 patients presenting with chest pain, a positive cardiac stress test and normal coronary arteries, as demonstrated by coronary angiography. All patients were ordered a myocardial SPECT/CT scan, which was performed according to a two-day protocol. After the scan, the patients were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 consisted of 17 patients with microvascular angina. Group 2 was composed of 22 patients with borderline-high blood pressure or stage I hypertensive heart disease associated with secondary microvascular dysfunction. Ten seemingly healthy individuals constituted the control group. According to coronary angiography, the controls had no cardiovascular pathologies accompanied by coronary artery disorders or impaired myocardial perfusion (SPECT). The majority of patients from groups 1 and 2 were found to have impaired diastolic function. The impairments were more pronounced in group 2 tended to exacerbate with stress. The most sensitive parameter of diastolic function, MFR/3, was outside the reference range in almost all patients in groups 1 and 2. MFR/3 characterizes the mean filling rate of the left ventricle in the first third of diastole. The control group showed no symptoms of diastolic dysfunction. Thus, the patients with chest pain, a positive stress test and NECA had signs of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction exacerbated with stress. Such patients are at risk for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
Investigating a correlation between the levels of peripheral blood cytokines and the risk for cardiovascular complications in patients with stage II essential hypertension
Authors: Radaeva O.A. , Simbirtsev A.S.
Published: March 2019

Essential hypertension (EH) is one of the most common modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and death. The aim of this study was to investigate a correlation between the levels of some cytokines (interleukins, adhesion molecules, tumor necrosis and growth factors, etc.) in the peripheral blood of patients with stage II EH and the rate of complications (myocardial infarction, acute cerebrovascular events, and transient ischemic attacks) occurring in a 5-year follow-up period. Twenty-eight cytokines were measured using ELISA, including IL1β, IL1α, IL1ra, IL18, IL18BP, IL37, IL6, sIL6r, LIF, sLIFr, IGF-1, IGFBP-1, TNFα, sTNF-RI, sVCAM-1, IL17, IL2, IL4, IL10, TGF-β1, IL8, CX3CL1, CXCL10, INFγ, M-CSF, IL34, VEGF-A, and erythropoietin, and a few vasoactive peptides, including NО, iNOS, eNOS, ADMA, SDMA, Nt-proСNP, and Nt-proBNP, in the peripheral blood samples of 200 patients with stage II EH who had been suffering from this condition for 10 to 14 years and were receiving comparable therapies to bring their blood pressure down. The patients were followed up for 5 years to keep track of complications. The retrospective analysis revealed that the group of patients who developed complications during the 5-year follow-up period exhibited a decline in the levels of IL1ra (р < 0.001) and IL10 (р < 0.001) and a rise in IL1β (р < 0.001), TNFα (р < 0.001) and M-CSF (р < 0.001) in comparison with the group of those who did not develop any complications. The multivariate Cox regression analysis was applied to the following parameters: IL1β > 18.8 pg/ml; IL1ra < 511 pg/ml; IL6 > 23.8 pg/ml; IL10 < 26.3 pg/ml; 389 pg/ml < M-CSF < 453 pg/ml; ADMA > 0.86 μmol/L; total cholesterol > 4.9 mmol/L; LDL> 3.0 mmol/L; HDL in men < 1.0 mmol/L; HDL in women < 1.2 mmol/L. The analysis revealed that M-CSF in the range from 389 to 453 pg/ml (р < 0.001) and LDL above 3.0 mmol/L (р < 0.01) correlated with an increase in the risk for end-organ damage in stage II EH. Changes in the cytokine levels can be regarded as a predictor of myocardial and cerebral damage in patients with stage II EH. Measurement of peripheral blood M-CSF can be included into the classic risk assessment schemes for the cardiovascular complications in the studied cohort of patients.
Detection of Ser450Leu mutation in rpoB gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by allele-specific loop-mediated isothermal DNA amplification method
Authors: Filipenko ML , Oscorbin IP , Khrapov EA , Shamovskaya DA , Cherednichenko AG , Shvartz YaSh
Published: March 2019

To identify genetic mutations a rather time-consuming and expensive method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is widely used. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the possibility of using the two schemes of the method of allele-specific isothermal loop amplification (LAMP) to detect the TCG/TTG (S450L) mutation in the rpoB gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 48 clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis and 11 samples of sputum were used, randomized and obtained in the microbiological laboratory of the city of Novosibirsk from incident patients. It is shown that the use of an analysis scheme using the allele-specific primer FIP compared to F3 has the best resolution: the difference between the amplification time of the mutation and the wild type allele was 22 ± 2,4 versus 13 ± 4,1 minutes (p = 0,0011). When using 100 DNA genomic equivalents a true positive signal (amplification of the rpoB gene with a mutation using the corresponding allele-specific primer) was detected after 29,4 ± 3,4 minutes. A positive signal was visualized after adding SYBR Green I to the reaction, both when illuminated with daylight and when using a UV transilluminator. Using the developed method the DNA sample of 20 RIFR isolates from M. tuberculosis was analyzed containing the Ser450Leu mutation in the rpoB gene, 10 RIFR isolates containing other mutations in the rpoB gene and 18 RIFs isolates without any mutations; the presence of mutations in the samples was determined using classical Sanger sequencing. The sensitivity and specificity of LAMP for detecting a Ser450Leu mutation in the rpoB gene was 100%. This approach allows the use of crude lysates of mycobacteria as DNA, which reduces the total analysis time to 1,5 hour.
La vigilancia como función cognitiva clave en la relación entre el ejercicio físico puntual y la cognición
Authors: González-Fernández Francisco Tomás
Published: March 2019

En las últimas dos décadas han surgido numerosas investigaciones que han mostrado los efectos beneficiosos de la actividad física para la salud (Biddle, Fox y Boutcher, 2003; Lee y Skerritt, 2001). Lejos de creer que la actividad física tan sólo prevenía trastornos físicos [e.g., enfermedades cardiovasculares (Haskell et al., 2007)], la literatura científica argumenta que también previene trastornos mentales [e.g., depresión y reducción del estrés (Dunn et al., 2001) o ansiedad (Paluska y Schwenk, 2000)]. Además, entidades de relevancia mundial tales como la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), el Centro para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC), el Colegio Americano de Medicina del Deporte (ACSM) o la Asociación Americana del Corazón (AHA), relacionan positivamente la actividad física con la salud general y consideran a la actividad física como algo esencial e indispensable para preservar la salud. En resumen, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo principal estudiar los efectos del ejercicio físico puntual sobre el funcionamiento cognitivo (vigilancia y percepción), sugieren que el esfuerzo ligero-moderado aumenta la activación general y mejora la velocidad de respuesta en tareas de atención sostenida con independencia de la relevancia del estímulo objetivo. Además, no replicamos el resultado de investigaciones previas que demostraron el efecto de un entrenamiento físico en el rendimiento cognitivo
Análisis bibliográfico de la gamificación en Educación Física
Authors: Escaravajal Rodríguez Juan Carlos , Martín-Acosta Fátima
Published: March 2019

El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en revisar, recopilar y analizar la bibliografía relacionada con la gamificación en el área de la Educación Física. Se realizó un revisión documental de los artículos publicados hasta septiembre de 2018 en las siguientes bases de datos: Dialnet, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar y Web of Science. Las palabras clave utilizadas fueron: gamificación, educación física, gamification y physical education. De esta búsqueda se obtuvieron un total de 93 artículos, posteriormente se llevo a cabo un proceso de selección final, obteniendo 19 trabajos. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: (1) artículos originales; (2) escritos en castellano o inglés; (3) que traten sobre cualquier aspecto de la gamificación en el área de Educación Física. En los resultados se observó que los primeros artículos de esta temática aparecieron en 2015 con presencia del 33,3% sobre total analizado. En relación a la tipología, principalmente son experiencias (42,1%), seguidos de propuestas (31,6%). Por último, las etapas educativas más presentes son la E.S.O. con un 52,2%, seguida del ámbito universitario con un 26,1%. En base a los resultados, se observan datos positivos, debido a que, posiblemente, cada vez más docentes e investigadores son más conscientes de los beneficios de la gamificación como herramienta educativa. Además, este trabajo es un útil recurso para profesionales interesados en esta temática, ya que pueden acceder de forma sencilla a todos los artículos existentes hasta el momento.
El ejercicio físico en el aula para la mejora del comportamiento de niños autistas
Authors: Suárez-Manzano Sara , López-Serrano Sebastián , Belchior de Oliveira Polyanna , Da Cruz Murta Luis Manuel
Published: March 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar todos los estudios que midieron el efecto a medio plazo de intervenciones educativas basadas en ejercicio físico sobre el comportamiento y conducta de niños (6 - 12 años de edad) diagnosticados con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA). Para ello se hizo una revisión bibliográfica en tres bases de datos (búsqueda inicial n = 184: PubMed n = 24, SportDiscus n = 98, Web of Science n = 62). Se limitaron las fechas de búsqueda desde enero de 2000 hasta enero de 2018. Un total de cinco estudios longitudinales con intervención cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Todos los estudios son recientes, el más antiguo fue publicado en 2011. Los cinco trabajos emplearon programas de ejercicio físico en el ámbito escolar __ 3-5 días / semana __ con duración de 2-20 semanas. Las sesiones realizadas en días de clase tuvieron una duración de 15-30 minutos, las realizadas en vacaciones escolares cuatro horas. Tres estudios obtuvieron mejoras en comportamiento tras la intervención educativa, sin embargo, dos estudios no obtuvieron cambios significativos en las variables medidas. Se concluye que la integración del ejercicio físico en el ámbito escolar mejora el comportamiento y conducta (intereses restrictivos o repetitivos y comportamientos estereotipados) en niños diagnosticados TEA. Como perspectivas futuras se sugiere profundizar en la influencia de los factores de confusión y en el efecto diferencial del efecto a corto, medio y largo plazo de estas intervenciones educativas basadas en el ejercicio físico.
Correlation Between Fracture Azimuth, Surface Lineaments and Regional Tectonics: A case study from Belik District, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Syahputra Reza , Sihombing Felix Muria Hasudungan , Prasojo Octria Adi
Published: March 2019

Two major strike-slip faults with northeast-southwest and northwest-southeast orientation have shifted the southern Central Java, including Belik District.  Consequently, many smaller faults that have the same direction as the major faults and west-east direction folding systems were emerged. The orientation of these geologic structures could be observed from morphological features such as ridge and river. A quantitative approach was carried out to unravel the impacts of those geologic structures on the geomorphology of the study area, which is located between Slamet Mountain and Sindoro Mountain, Central Java province. The method used in this research was the structural geology analysis, including the interpretation of ridge and river lineament, the distribution of fractures, and statistical analysis. The research location is divided into four different segments based on its lineament and morphology. The lineament that has similar characteristics was tested using normality test of Kolmogorov-Smirnov. The Spearman test was used to obtain the correlation between surface lineament and fracture azimuth. All fracture azimuth, ridges and rivers tend to have northwest-southeast and northeast-southwest direction. These results show similar direction with strike-slip regional structural pattern. The statistical calculation and field observation indicate the influence of external factor on the change of the study area’s landform.
Saltwater Intrusion Zone Mapping on Shallow Groundwater Aquifer in Selat Baru, Bengkalis Island, Indonesia
Authors: Putra Dewandra Bagus Eka , Yuskar Yuniarti , Kausarian Husnul , Wan Yaacob Wan Zuhairi , Hadian Mohamad Sapari Dwi
Published: March 2019

Saltwater intrusion becomes a common problem in coastal area. Northern coast of Bengkalis Island in Riau, Indonesia that contiguously to Malacca Strait is experiencing the problem particularly in Selat Baru area which considered as developing area and most of the people live close to the sea. Dug well is the main source of groundwater that had been used by the population in Selat Baru and as the increasing of land occupation, the demand of clean water is rising up followed by the number of dug well. A study of groundwater monitoring was conducted to identify the zone of saltwater intrusion. Field observation had done by measuring the water level and physical parameters of groundwater such as taste, pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solid (TDS) from 110 existing dug wells. Some conus feature had found from groundwater elevation map which indicated lower water level caused by excessive groundwater pumping. Generally, pH shows values from 6-8 that was still in range of water quality standard, but there are 20 wells (18%) that have pH below the water quality standard (slightly acidic water). Similar pattern had been observed from Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) map, higher value of EC and TDS was dominant in the northern part of study area and lower value in the south. Groundwater taste map also revealed the identical condition with EC and TDS map which dominated by brackish and saline water in the northern part. Therefore, the study area had been divided into two zones of groundwater saline water zone possibly caused by the saltwater intrusion in the northern part and freshwater zone from the center to the southern part.
Role of intestinal microbiota in the formation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Akhmedov V A , Gaus O V
Published: March 2019

The article provides an overview of modern views on the role of intestinal microbiota in the formation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The general questions of the pathogenesis of the syndrome of excessive bacterial growth in the intestine, the participation of opportunistic microflora, the deficit of representatives of normal microflora, changes in the species composition of bile acids in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are considered.
Efficacy and safety of long-term therapy with nucleos(t)ide analogues in chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Ibragimov E K , Abdurakhmanov D T , Rozina T P , Nikulkina E N , Tanaschuk E L , Odintsov A V , Panevkina S V , Moiseev S V
Published: March 2019

Nucleos(t)ide analogues are first-line therapies for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. However, the efficacy and safety of long-term treatment and the necessary duration of therapy remains the subject of discussion. Aim. To assess the efficacy and safety of long-term treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogues in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Materials and methods. We conducted an observational study in 101 chronic hepatitis B (HBeAg-negative and HBeAg-positive) patients treated (3 years) with entecavir, tenofovir or telbivudine. Results and discussion. Treatment with entecavir and tenofovir was associated with high rate of virologic and biochemical response (95%) and HBeAg seroconversion (93% and 67%, respectively). Cumulative rate of virologic resistance was 0; 3.1% and 43.5% for tenofovir, entecavir and telbivudine, respectively. Long-term nucleos(t)ide analogues treatment resulted in a regress of liver fibrosis (from 8.92 to 7.18 kPa, р0.0001) and reduction in the number of patients with advanced fibrosis (from 48.1% to 13.8%, р0.0001). Entecavir and tenofovir were safe and well tolerated, while treatment with telbivudine was associated with development of myopathy in 13% of cases. Conclusion. Entecavir and tenofovir might be recommended for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B because of having potent antiviral effect, high genetic barriers against resistance and good safety.
Important problems in the diagnosis and treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis (based on the Russian consensus on diagnosis and treatment autoimmune hepatitis. Moscow, 2018)
Authors: Vinnitskaya E V , Abdulkhakov S R , Abdurakhmanov D T , Alikhanov R B , Bakulin I G , Belousova E A , Bueverov A O , Burnevitch E Z , Efanov M G , Eremina E Yu , Ignatova T M , Ilchenko L Yu , Karmazanovsky G G , Knyazev O V , Kulezneva Yu V , Lopatkina T N , Nekrasova T P , Nikitin I G , Pavlenko V V , Parfenov A I , Podymova S D , Raichelson K L , Reisis A R , Sayfutdinov R G , Skazyvaeva E V , Syutkin V E , Khomeriki S G , Haimenova T Yu , Sandler Yu G
Published: March 2019

The article is published based on the results of the Russian Consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), discussed at the 44th annual Scientific Session of the CNIIG "Personalized Medicine in the Era of Standards" (March 1, 2018). The aim of the review is to highlight the current issues of classification of diagnosis and treatment of patients with PSC, which causes the greatest interest of specialists. The urgency of the problem is determined by the multivariate nature of the clinical manifestations, by often asymptomatic flow, severe prognosis, complexity of diagnosis and insufficient study of PSC, the natural course of which in some cases can be considered as a function with many variables in terms of the nature and speed of progression with numerous possible clinical outcomes. In addition to progression to portal hypertension, cirrhosis and its complications, PSC can be accompanied by clinical manifestations of obstructive jaundice, bacterial cholangitis, cholangiocarcinoma and colorectal cancer. Magnetic resonance cholangiography is the main method of radial diagnostics of PSC, which allows to obtain an image of bile ducts in an un-invasive way. The use of liver biopsy is best justified when there is a suspicion of small-diameter PSC, autoimmune cross-syndrome PSC-AIG, IgG4-sclerosing cholangitis. Currently, a drug registered to treat primary sclerosing cholangitis which can significantly change the course and prognosis of the disease does not exist. There is no unified view on the effectiveness and usefulness of ursodeoxycholic acid and its dosage in PSC. Early diagnosis and determination of the phenotype of PSC is of clinical importance. It allows to determine the tactics of treatment, detection and prevention of complications
Prognosis factors of survival in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension
Authors: Olevskaya E R , Dolgushina A I , Tarasov A N , Hihlova A O
Published: March 2019

Aim. To study prognostic factors for survival in patients of liver cirrhosis (LC) with portal hypertension (PG). Materials and methods. 155 patients (women - 49.4%, men - 50.6%, median age 56.4 years [51.3; 61.6]) were follow up for 36 months. Viral LC was diagnosed in 33.8%, alcohol LC - 22.1%, autoimmune LC - 15.6%, other causes and cryptogenic causes noted in - 28.5%. More than half of the patients had a class В of Child-Pugh (51.9%). Results and discussion. During the study period 42 patients (28.3%) died. The analysis of survival by various factors for Kaplan-Mayer was carried out. Significant predictors: Child-Pugh class, LC etiology, comorbidity in Charlson scores, adherence to endoscopic treatment of esophageal varices were included in the model of proportional Cox risks. In a single-factor analysis, the risk of death is higher in patients who violate the timing of endoscopic treatment, but this factor has lost significance in the multifactor model. Patient with Child-Pugh C, alcoholic LC, comorbidity more 5 points by Charlson score have a higher mortality risk. Conclusion. Identification of risk factors that affect the survival of LC patients will allow to use of an individual plan for the LC treatment and prevention of PG complications.
Vitamins in diet of patients with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Kodentsova V M , Risnik D V , Sharafetdinov Kh Kh , Nikityuk D B
Published: March 2019

Aim - analysis of data on the role of vitamin and carotenoid deficiency in the development of metabolic syndrome (MS), the consumption of individual vitamins and vitamin supplements, as well as estimation of the effectiveness of the use of vitamins in patients with MS. A review of the existing literature has been carried out in the databases of RINC, CyberLeninka, Google Scholar, Pubmed. The lack of vitamins is a risk factor for MS and its components. The diet of people with MS is characterized by excessive caloric content and at the same time contains an inadequate amount of most vitamins. The most frequent in patients with MS is the deficiency (blood level) of vitamin D, E, B vitamins, carotenoids. Among patients with MS, individuals with a reduced concentration of vitamins in the blood plasma are often found. In turn, among those with a deficiency of vitamins, MS is more often found. Low concentrations of 25(OH)D in the serum are associated with an increased risk of MS. An inverse association between the concentration of the hormonal form of vitamin 1.25(OH)2D3 in the serum and the development of MC has been found. In patients with MS, the α-tocopherol concentration associated with lipids is lower than in healthy individuals, and γ-tocopherol, on the contrary, is higher. Taking high doses of one of the vitamin E homologues shifts the balance between tocopherols in the blood plasma. Sufficient supply of the body with all vitamins involved in the formation of metabolically active forms of vitamins (D, B6, PP) is a necessary condition for the exercise of these biological functions by these vitamins. The lack of vitamins is a risk factor for MS and its components. Enrichment of the diet of patients with MS should be considered as a necessary favorable background for its treatment. Since the body has functional connections between vitamins, it is advisable to use not individual vitamins, but their complexes.
Multidisciplinary approach in the diagnosis of idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia
Authors: Ovcharenko S I , Son E A , Kapustina V A
Published: March 2019

The article provides a modern classification of interstitial lung diseases. The focus is on the poorly studied and difficult to diagnose idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, isolated in a separate nosological form and included in the classification only in 2002. The paper presents the features of the clinical, radiological, histological picture of idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia in comparison with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The presented materials are based on the results of the largest study conducted by the working group of the American Thoracic Society, which shows the importance of the interaction of specialists in the diagnosis of idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. A comprehensive assessment of the examination of patients conducted in collaboration with the clinician and radiologist, after their cooperative discussion, in many cases can help to avoid lung biopsy, and the study of morphological material is more often necessary only in difficult diagnostic situations.
Respiratory muscles dysfunction and respiratory diseases
Authors: Geltser B I , Kurpatov I G , Dej A A , Kozhanov A G
Published: March 2019

This review presents an analysis of the literature on the topic of respiratory muscle (RM) dysfunction in various forms of respiratory pathology: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, community-acquired pneumonia, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), sarcoidosis and interstitial lung diseases (ILD), associated with systemic connective tissue diseases (polymyositis, dermatomyositis and systemic lupus erythematosus - SLE). Various clinical and pathophysiological aspects of RM dysfunction and general patterns of its pathogenesis were examined. It was proved that the role of RM in the development of respiratory failure depends on the form and stage of the pulmonary pathology and the severity of systemic manifestations of these diseases: excessive proteolysis, oxidative stress, hypoxia, chronic systemic inflammation. These factors modify the morphofunctional status of RM, worsens their contractile function, which is contributed to the development of respiratory failure. In some cases, the primary weakness of RM precedes the clinical manifestation of pulmonary pathology, which is distinctive for some variants of myositis-associated ILD and SLE. Endogenous intoxication syndrome plays a significant role in the development of RM dysfunction during community-acquired pneumonia. It is noted that sarcoid pulmonary ventilation disorders associate with the RM weakness, but not with the degree of lung damage. In most cases, secondary RM dysfunction predominates that contributes to respiratory failure progression, which is especially noticeable in case of COPD, asthma and IPF.
Clinical efficacy of umifenovir in influenza and ARVI (study ARBITR)
Authors: Pshenichnaya N Yu , Bulgakova V A , Lvov N I , Poromov A A , Selkova E P , Grekova A I , Shestakova I V , Maleev V V , Leneva I A
Published: March 2019

In spite of vaccination was recommended by the World Health Organization, the main strategy of influenza is antiviral drugs treatment, one of which is umifenovir. Aim. The aim of the study is to obtain additional data on safety and therapeutic efficacy of the antiviral drug Arbidol (umifenovir) in patients with a diagnosis of influenza and common cold. Materials and methods. Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study investigating efficacy and safety of Arbidol (umifenovir) in Treatment and Prophylaxis of Influenza and Common Cold (ARBITR) IV phase started in November 2011 and completed in April 2016 on the basis of 15 research centers in various regions of the Russian Federation. A total of 359 patients, aged 18 to 65 years with influenza or acute respiratory tract infection, of no more than 36 hours' duration were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomized into two groups: a group of patients (therapy group) treated by Arbidol (umifenovir) at a dosage of 800 mg/day (2 capsules) for 5 days (n=181), and a group of patients receiving placebo 4 times a day for 5 days (n=178). The primary outcome measures of the study were the duration of clinical illness among patients with common cold and influenza/ARVI, the duration and severity of the main symptoms. Number of clinical complications associated with influenza and common cold was assessed as a secondary outcome. Safety was assessed by analyzing number of adverse events that are probably or definitely related to Arbidol, assessing vital signs, examining the physical condition of patients and general clinical laboratory parameters. Results. In the group treated by umifenovir, the number of full recover patients on the 4th day from the disease onset were significantly differed from the number of such cases in the placebo group. The number of cases of complete recovery after 96 hours was 98 patients (54.1%) and 77 (43.3%), p
Modern conceptions of etiology and pathogenesis of benign breast disease: the possibilities of pathogenetic treatment
Authors: Bespalov Vladimir G , Kovalevskaya Elizaveta I
Published: March 2019

Relevance. The review article is devoted to modern conceptions of etiology and pathogenesis of benign breast disease (BBD), a common female pathology, as well as the pathogenetic treatment of BBD. Aim. Substantiation of the new possibilities of the pathogenetic treatment of BBD. Materials and methods. It was conducted the analysis of domestic and world literature in the following areas: etiology, pathogenesis, treatment of BBD, prevention of breast cancer (BC). Results. Dozens of etiological factors of various natures cause BBD: genetic, reproductive, hormonal, gynecological diseases, extragenital pathology, environment and lifestyle, medical interventions. The etiological factors of BBD mostly coincide with the risk factors of BC. The lack of progesterone, the predominance of estradiol and chronic hyperestrogenemia, leading to hyperproliferation of the ductal and lobular epithelium of the mammary glands, underlie the pathogenesis of BBD. The pathogenesis of proliferative forms of BBD and BC have common features. In patients with proliferative and precancerous forms of BBD, the risk of BC increases significantly. Chronic iodine deficiency is one of the common pathogenetic pathways for the development of BBD. The drug mamoclam containing organically bound iodine from laminaria thallus is an effective and safe remedy for the pathogenetic treatment of BBD. Conclusion. Pathogenetic treatment of BBD not only improves the quality of life of patients, but also reduces the risk of BC.
Immunomodulators use in a treatment of lower urogenital tract infections in women
Authors: Dikke Galina B , Ostromensky Vladimir V
Published: March 2019

Relevance. Women’ immune system indexes are dependent on cyclic hormonal influences. They decrease in the ovulation and in luteal phase of the menstrual cycle forming a “window of vulnerability” when there is an increased risk of infection with pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms. Infected tissues inflammatory reaction in its turn aggravates these disorders. For these reasons, one should not only use empirical regimens of antimicrobial therapy covering wide spectrum of pathogens, but also to consider the possibility and need of a comprehensive approach with use of adjuvant treatment methods (detoxification, immunomodulatory, supportive therapy). Aim. To determine immunological changes in the body of women with lower genital tract infectious and inflammatory diseases and to justify a role of immunomodulators in increasing of treatment and relapse prevention efficacy. Materials and methods. In order to write this review domestic and foreign publications were searched in Russian and international search systems (PubMed, eLIBRARY, etc.) for the last 2-22 years. The review included articles from peer-reviewed literature. Results. Due to its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying effects azoximer bromide contributes to an increase in treatment efficacy: elimination of pathogenic flora increases by 30%, clinical manifestations resolution occurs 2 times faster, a relapse risk reduces. Conclusion. To activate anti-infective immunity a comprehensive treatment with immunomodulators use is advisable.
Pelvic floor muscle training in women with a history of breast cancer
Authors: Apolikhina Inna A , Rodionov Valerii V , Seialova Anna S , Saidova Aina S , Gukasian Irina A
Published: March 2019

Relevance. The issue of pelvic floor muscle dysfunction (PFMD) is common in female population. It causes severe moral suffering and reduces both social activity and a quality of patient’s life. In this regard PFMD management with modern methods for training of pelvic floor muscles using devices is the "first line" method. Aim. To study treatment effectiveness and a quality of life in women with PFMD followed radical treatment for breast cancer (BC). Outcomes and methods. A prospective clinical study on clinical efficacy of a biofeedback method in combination with electrical stimulation of pelvic floor muscles using a device “Urostim” in patients with mild PFMD followed combined treatment fpr BC was carried out at Department of Aesthetic Gynecology of V.I.Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology. The study included 15 postmenopausal women. Results. It was established that 10 sessions of pelvic floor muscles training in a mode of biofeedback result in beneficial effects on for all clinical indicators. Conclusion. PFMD treatment by training of pelvic floor muscles using devices is one of the most promising ways to reduce surgical interventions number in urogynecology and to provide a rehabilitation of women who had surgery for BC.
Treatment efficacy of infertility due to recurrent external genital endometriosis
Authors: Orazov Mekan R , Radzinskiy Viktor E , Khamoshina Marina B , Kavteladze Elena V , Pukhalskaya Irina F , Shustova Viktoriya B , Chitanava Yurii S
Published: March 2019

Relevance. Despite lots of studies, issues on a choice of the most effective treatment method for patients with recurrent external genital endometriosis (EGE) as well as a role and features of assisted reproductive technology programs and ways to improve their performance are still unresolved. Aim. To provide a current understanding on etiopathogenesis and management strategy for patients with recurrent EGE and infertility according to Russian and foreign literature date. Materials and methods. In order to write this review, domestic and foreign publications were searched in Russian and international search systems (PubMed, eLIBRARY, etc.) for the last 2-15 years. The review includes articles from peer-reviewed literature. Results. The article provides risk factors for EGE development, disease pathogenesis and clinical manifestation as well as drug and surgical methods for a treatment of endometriosis. Conclusion. Endometriosis remains still to be a mysterious disease for modern science. An individual approach given an age, ovarian reserve and a history of surgical treatment (numbers of surgical interventions for EGE) will allow you to elaborate a personal approach for each woman with subfertility.
Vasoactive genes as molecular and genetic predictors of severe preeclampsia
Authors: Belokrinitskaya Tatiana E , Frolova Nataliya I , Strambovskaya Natal'ia N , Kolmakova Kristina A
Published: March 2019

Aim. To analyze an incidence rate of polymorphisms and combinations of genes AGT-704T> C, AGT-521C> T, AGTR1-1166A> C, AGTR2-1675G> A, еNO3-786T> C, еNOS3-894G> C, ADD1-1378G> T, CYP11B2 -304C> T, GNB3-825C> T and to assess their association with a risk of severe pre-eclampsia. Materials and methods. The study included women of early fertile age (20-35 years old) with spontaneous singleton pregnancy, no bad habits (smoking, alcohol or drug use), no extragenital diseases and no family (mother or sister) or an individual history of pre-eclampsia and with body mass index in the first trimester of pregnancy less than 35 kg/m2. The study group consisted of 100 patients with severe preeclampsia and the control group included 100 women with uncomplicated pregnancy. Genotyping was carried out by method of polymerase chain reaction. Data analysis included compliance with the Hardy - Weinberg law, Cramer's V criterion, χ2 test, odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). To assess a distribution of stated polymorphisms of genes and their alleles a general (χ2 test, df=2) and multiplicative (χ2 test, df=1) inheritance models were used. Results and discussion. Patients with severe pre-eclampsia had statistically significantly higher incidence rate of mutant homozygous genotypes AGTR1-1166CC (χ2=5,54; p=0,05) and еNO3-786CC (χ2=23,05; p=1,0E-5). A significant association between a carrier of the mutant homozygous genotype eNO3-786СC (χ2=19,780; p=0,000) and severe pre-eclampsia (OR 45,07, 95% CI 2,68-759,30) was found out. Combinations of mutant alleles of potentially predictive polymorphisms of vasoactive genes in women with preeclampsia were recorded 7,7 times more often (23% vs 3%; χ2=17,683, p=0,000; average Cramer's V link) which led to a significant association link with a risk of a disease complication (OR 9,658, 95% CI 2,795-33,367). Conclusion. A synergistic interaction between polymorphic loci in severe preeclampsia was established. The mutant homozygous genotype eNO3-786СC as well as a combination of at least two mutant alleles of genes - candidates for arterial hypertension or their combination with the mutant gene ADD1-1378TT or GNB3-825TT can claim a role of molecular and genetic predictors of severe preeclampsia.
Basic principles of management of patients with genital herpes
Authors: Pestrikova Tatiana Yu , Yurasova Elena A , Yurasov Igor V , Kotelnikova Anastasia V
Published: March 2019

Background. Genital herpes is a chronic recurrent sexually transmitted viral disease. Recurrent genital herpes is a serious medical and psychosocial issue which significantly worsens patients’ quality of life. Such a course of the disease is a stressful and psycho-traumatic factor limiting patients’ social life. In addition, in about 10% of cases, relapses of genital herpes cause depression, acute psychosis and suicidal tendencies. Herpesvirus infection occupies a leading position among perinatal TORCH infections. Herpes infection exerts an unfavorable and often fatal effects on pregnancy and childbirth and it is of a relevant issue up today since its role in causing fetal and newborn disorders does not tend to decrease. Current an increase in genital herpes relapse rate dictates need for further research. Study of various etiotropic antiviral therapy regimens effectiveness is necessary for the further elaboration of optimal treatment regimens and preparation for pregnancy. Aim. To search for adequate etiotropic antiviral therapy regimens aimed at reducing genital herpes relapse rate. Materials and methods. To write this review domestic and foreign publications were searched in Russian and international search systems (PubMed, eLIBRARY, etc.) for the last 2-10 years. The review includes articles from peer-reviewed literature. Results. The review describes features of genital herpes clinical course, its diagnosis, differentiated diagnosis and complications. Various treatment regimens are presented. The effectiveness of etiotropic therapy with various drugs was estimated. Conclusions. Episodic use of valaciclovir for recurrent genital herpes allows to reduce significantly a current relapse severity and duration as well as to provide psychological support to patients.