bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insights into 2D/2D MXene Heterostructures for Improved Synergy in Structure toward Next‐Generation Supercapacitors: A Review
Authors: Nasrin Kabeer , Sudharshan Vasudevan , Subramani Kaipannan , Sathish Marappan
Published: February 2022

2D interfacial heterostructures have found an unassailable status in energy storage systems, particularly in supercapacitors citing the intriguing structural and electrochemical characteristics. Exactly a decade ago, MXene, a promising 2D transition metal carbide/nitride/carbonitride was found to possess excellent conductivity, hydrophilicity, laudable charge storage opportunities, and enriched surface functionalities conducive for supercapacitors with inherent challenging shortcomings. To substantially improve, assembled 2D/2D MXene heterostructures exhibit commendable performance backed by the fact of swift increase in research interest. In this review, state‐of‐the‐art research progress in material design and electrochemical performance of 2D/2D MXene heterostructures for supercapacitors are investigated. Discussion is initially on MXene fundamentals including synthesis and energy storage governing properties. Particularly, different preparation including electrostatic assembly, in situ growth, hydrothermal treatment, and objective specific strategies and its implications are elaborated. Especially, the electrochemical interface science, electrode–electrolyte interaction and ion/electron dynamics and synergistic enhancement of MXene/rGO, MXene/LDH, MXene/metal sulfides and timely investigations on other 2D MXene architectures are provided for its compatibility from solid‐state to microsupercapacitors for commerciality. To conclude, a well‐comprehended outlook, key challenges, and prospective research guidelines stretching from fundamental mechanism investigations to material and electrolyte optimizations are presented to encourage advanced 2D MXene architectures for future generation supercapacitors.
Grain‐Boundaries‐Engineering via Laser Manufactured La‐Doped BaSnO3 Nanocrystals with Tailored Surface States Enabling Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency of 23.74%
Authors: Yang Xiaokun , Zhao Wenhao , Li Mingjie , Ye Linfeng , Guo Pengfei , Xu Youxun , Guo Hang , Yu Huiwu , Ye Qian , Wang Hongyue , Harvey Daniel , Shchukin Dmitry , Feng Minjun , Sum Tze Chien , Wang Hongqiang
Published: February 2022

Grain boundaries (GBs) engineering of hybrid perovskite films is of significance for accessing high performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs), owing to the abundant defect states existed therein originating from the low temperature film processing. Nanocrystals embedding at GBs has shown profound advantages in carrier dynamics modulation, while the surface defects on nanocrystals in turn lead usually to the trapping of carriers at GBs. The authors herein demonstrate the efficient GBs engineering via laser generated nanocrystals with tailored surface states for improved carriers dynamics and environmental stability of PSCs. The embedding of La doped BaSnO3 (LBSO) nanocrystals with bare surfaces in perovskite provides an additional channel to facilitate the effective carrier extraction and reduce the carrier recombination, leading to a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.11% with negligible hysteresis for the mixed‐cation PSCs. To clarify the influence of surface defect states of the laser generated nanocrystals on the performance of PSCs, 1H,1H‐perfluorooctylamine is grafted on LBSO nanocrystals during the laser irradiation, resulting in improved champion PCE up to 21.65% and pronounced environmental stability. The universal embedding of the LBSO nanocrystals with tailored surface states in different perovskite by fabricating FAPbI3 PSCs with a champion PCE of 23.74% is further demonstrated.
Dual Modification Engineering via Lanthanide‐Based Halide Quantum Dots and Black Phosphorus Enabled Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells with High Open‐Voltage of 1.235 V
Authors: Liu Shuainan , Lyu Jiekai , Zhou Donglei , Zhuang Xinmeng , Shi Zhichong , Sun Rui , Liu Le , Wu Yanjie , Liu Bin , Liu Dali , Song Hongwei
Published: February 2022

Interfacial engineering is one of the most effective means to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, Ln3+‐based halide Cs3TbCl6 quantum dots (QDs) are synthesized through a modified hot‐injection method, which displays an excitonic emission centered at 431 nm and the characteristic emission peaks of Tb3+ ions. Then, the Ln3+‐based halide Cs3TbCl6 QDs are introduced to the interface of Cs0.05(FA0.83MA0.17)0.95Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3 perovskite films in the PSCs, which can regulate the energy levels, fill the grain boundaries and remove the ionic defects. Surprisingly, the Cs3TbCl6 QDs modified devices achieve a champion PCE of 22.89% with a super high open‐voltage of 1.235 V. The high open‐voltage can be mainly attributed to the better bandgap alignment, enhanced interface, and reduced defects density. Afterward, the hole transport layer (HTL) is modified by the black phosphorus QDs (BPQDs), yielding a champion PCE of 23.49% and a filling factor of 80.32%. The Cs3TbCl6 QDs modified unencapsulated device possesses well environmental stability and humidity stability. This work demonstrates a new kind of Ln3+‐based metal QDs and explores a new approach to fabricate the PSCs with high open‐voltage, high efficiency, and good stability through the QD‐based passivation techniques.
Nano‐in‐Microparticles for Aerosol Delivery of Antibiotic‐Loaded, Fucose‐Derivatized, and Macrophage‐Targeted Liposomes to Combat Mycobacterial Infections: In Vitro Deposition, Pulmonary Barrier Interactions, and Targeted Delivery
Authors: Huck Benedikt C. , Thiyagarajan Durairaj , Bali Aghiad , Boese Annette , Besecke Karen F. W. , Hozsa Constantin , Gieseler Robert K. , Furch Marcus , Carvalho‐Wodarz Cristiane , Waldow Franziska , Schwudke Dominik , Metelkina Olga , Titz Alexander , Huwer Hanno , Schwarzkopf Konrad , Hoppstädter Jessica , Kiemer Alexandra K. , Koch Marcus , Loretz Brigitta , Lehr Claus‐Michael
Published: February 2022

Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections rapidly emerge and demand potent medications to cope with resistance. In this context, targeted loco‐regional delivery of aerosol medicines to the lungs is an advantage. However, sufficient antibiotic delivery requires engineered aerosols for optimized deposition. Here, the effect of bedaquiline‐encapsulating fucosylated versus nonfucosylated liposomes on cellular uptake and delivery is investigated. Notably, this comparison includes critical parameters for pulmonary delivery, i.e., aerosol deposition and the noncellular barriers of pulmonary surfactant (PS) and mucus. Targeting increases liposomal uptake into THP‐1 cells as well as peripheral blood monocyte‐ and lung‐tissue derived macrophages. Aerosol deposition in the presence of PS, however, masks the effect of active targeting. PS alters antibiotic release that depends on the drug's hydrophobicity, while mucus reduces the mobility of nontargeted more than fucosylated liposomes. Dry‐powder microparticles of spray‐dried bedaquiline‐loaded liposomes display a high fine particle fraction of >70%, as well as preserved liposomal integrity and targeting function. The antibiotic effect is maintained when deposited as powder aerosol on cultured Mycobacterium abscessus. When treating M. abscessus infected THP‐1 cells, the fucosylated variant enabled enhanced bacterial killing, thus opening up a clear perspective for the improved treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections.
Organoids at the PUB: The Porcine Urinary Bladder Serves as a Pancreatic Niche for Advanced Cancer Modeling
Authors: Melzer Michael Karl , Breunig Markus , Arnold Frank , Wezel Felix , Azoitei Anca , Roger Elodie , Krüger Jana , Merkle Jessica , Schütte Lena , Resheq Yazid , Hänle Mark , Zehe Viktor , Zengerling Friedemann , Azoitei Ninel , Klein Lukas , Penz Frederike , Singh Shiv K. , Seufferlein Thomas , Hohwieler Meike , Bolenz Christian , Günes Cagatay , Gout Johann , Kleger Alexander
Published: February 2022

Despite intensive research and progress in personalized medicine, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains one of the deadliest cancer entities. Pancreatic duct‐like organoids (PDLOs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) or pancreatic cancer patient‐derived organoids (PDOs) provide unique tools to study early and late stage dysplasia and to foster personalized medicine. However, such advanced systems are neither rapidly nor easily accessible and require an in vivo niche to study tumor formation and interaction with the stroma. Here, the establishment of the porcine urinary bladder (PUB) is revealed as an advanced organ culture model for shaping an ex vivo pancreatic niche. This model allows pancreatic progenitor cells to enter the ductal and endocrine lineages, while PDLOs further mature into duct‐like tissue. Accordingly, the PUB offers an ex vivo platform for earliest pancreatic dysplasia and cancer if PDLOs feature KRASG12D mutations. Finally, it is demonstrated that PDOs‐on‐PUB i) resemble primary pancreatic cancer, ii) preserve cancer subtypes, iii) enable the study of niche epithelial crosstalk by spiking in pancreatic stellate and immune cells into the grafts, and finally iv) allow drug testing. In summary, the PUB advances the existing pancreatic cancer models by adding feasibility, complexity, and customization at low cost and high flexibility.
Interpretation of Rubidium‐Based Perovskite Recipes toward Electronic Passivation and Ion‐Diffusion Mitigation
Authors: Xu Chenzhe , Chen Xiwen , Ma Shuangfei , Shi Mingyue , Zhang Suicai , Xiong Zhaozhao , Fan Wenqiang , Si Haonan , Wu Hualin , Zhang Zheng , Liao Qingliang , Yin Wanjian , Kang Zhuo , Zhang Yue
Published: February 2022

Rubidium cation (Rb+) addition is witnessed to play a pivotal role in boosting the comprehensive performance of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells. However, the origin of such success derived from irreplaceable superiorities brought by Rb+ remains ambiguous. Herein, grain‐boundary‐including atomic models are adopted for the accurate theoretical analysis of practical Rb+ distribution in perovskite structures. The spatial distribution, covering both the grain interiors and boundaries, is thoroughly identified by virtue of synchrotron‐based grazing‐incidence X‐ray diffraction. On this basis, the prominent elevation of the halogen vacancy formation energy, improved charge‐carrier dynamics, and the electronic passivation mechanism in the grain interior are expounded. As evidenced by the increased energy barrier and suppressed microcurrent, the critical role of Rb+ addition in blocking the diffusion pathway along grain boundaries, inhibiting halide phase segregation, and eventually enhancing intrinsic stability is elucidated. Hence, the linkage avalanche effect of occupied location dominated by subtle changes in Rb+ concentration on electronic defects, ion migration, and phase stability is completely investigated in detail, shedding a new light on the advancement of high‐efficiency cascade‐incorporating strategies and perovskite compositional engineering.
Quasi Solid–Liquid Reaction Strategy to In Situ Synthesize the Conductive MOF Film with Ordered Submicron Macropores for Gas Sensing
Authors: Miao Meng , Wang Zhipeng , Guo Zhiming , Xing Jinfeng
Published: February 2022

A quasi solid–liquid reaction strategy is proposed that is based on the instantaneous transformation of structured solid ligand aggregation into insoluble Cu3(HITP)2 metal–organic framework (MOF) aggregation without morphologic change (HITP = 2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexaiminotriphenylene). The initial 3D ordered submicron macropores (TOM) in ligand aggregation can be maintained during the transformation due to the extremely rapid rate of coordination reaction. In this case, the in situ synthesis of the Cu3(HITP)2 MOF film with large‐scale TOM structure (TOM‐Cu3(HITP)2 film) on ceramic‐based gold interdigital electrode (IDE) is achieved. Scanning electron microscope is used to confirm the morphology in each stage of synthetic process. Spectroscopic characterizations prove that there is no essential difference between TOM‐Cu3(HITP)2 film and ordinary Cu3(HITP)2 MOF, except for slight differences in the contents of individual surface functional group and integral crystallinities, respectively. Notably, TOM structure endows the TOM‐Cu3(HITP)2 film with a dramatic promotion in sensitivity to H2S gas. The resistive response of the IDE loaded with TOM‐Cu3(HITP)2 film to the 80 ppm H2S gas reaches 78.5 at room temperature, which is 6.7× more than that of the Cu3(HITP)2 film without TOM structure. The method of obvious universality allows the authors to perform in situ synthesis directly on the desired substrate without transfer process.
Polymer‐Assisted Phase Stable γ‐CsPbI3 Perovskite Film for Self‐Powered and Ultrafast Photodiodes
Authors: Zhao Cong , Liu Ping , Cai Wanqing , Xu Wenzhan , Ali Muhammad Umair , Xu Zhuhua , Fu H. Y. , Meng Hong , Li Jingzhou , Wei Guodan
Published: February 2022

Lead‐halide perovskite materials have emerged as promising alternatives for optoelectronic applications due to their low‐cost, easily tunable bandgaps, and facile solution‐processability. Despite all their exciting merits, perovskite materials are currently suffering the stability issues, such as moisture and oxygen‐induced rapid degradation and phase transition. In this work, γ phase CsPbI3 perovskite thin films with compact grain boundaries and improved ambient stability are successfully developed via introducing poly‐2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline (PEOXA) polymer through an effective bonding between CO double bond in PEOXA with perovskite. The optimized photodetectors with the γ‐CsPbI3:5%PEOXA active thickness as thin as 30 nm have a totally excellent performance with a responsivity of 0.16 A W−1, high detectivity of 2.73 × 1012 Jones, linear dynamic range of over 125 dB, and ultrafast rise/decay time of 13.9/12.7 µs. Moreover, the as‐constructed photodetectors have shown a high stability when maintained under ambient conditions. This work provides new insights for the development of highly stable and efficient perovskite‐based optoelectronics.
Structure‐Based Varieties of Polymeric Nanocarriers and Influences of Their Physicochemical Properties on Drug Delivery Profiles
Authors: De Ranjit , Mahata Manoj Kumar , Kim Kyong‐Tai
Published: February 2022

Carriers are equally important as drugs. They can substantially improve bioavailability of cargos and safeguard healthy cells from toxic effects of certain therapeutics. Recently, polymeric nanocarriers (PNCs) have achieved significant success in delivering drugs not only to cells but also to subcellular organelles. Variety of natural sources, availability of different synthetic routes, versatile molecular architectures, exploitable physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability have presented polymers as one of the most desired materials for nanocarrier design. Recent innovative concepts and advances in PNC‐associated nanotechnology are providing unprecedented opportunities to engineer nanocarriers and their functions. The efficiency of therapeutic loading has got considerably increased. Structural design‐based varieties of PNCs are widely employed for the delivery of small therapeutic molecules to genes, and proteins. PNCs have gained ever‐increasing attention and certainly paves the way to develop advanced nanomedicines. This article presents a comprehensive investigation of structural design‐based varieties of PNCs and the influences of their physicochemical properties on drug delivery profiles with perspectives highlighting the inevitability of incorporating both the multi‐stimuli‐responsive and multi‐drug delivery properties in a single carrier to design intelligent PNCs as new and emerging research directions in this rapidly developing area.
Soil organic carbon stock is improved by cover crops in a tropical sandy soil
Authors: Cordeiro Carlos Felipe dos Santos , Rodrigues Daniel Rodela , Silva Gustavo Ferreira da , Echer Fábio Rafael , Calonego Juliano Carlos
Published: February 2022

Soil organic matter plays an important role in soil quality. In sandy soils of tropical regions, high biological activity in the soil accelerates mineralization and limits increases in organic matter content. The objective of this study was to evaluate the total organic C stock and the chemical and physical fractions of organic C in a sandy soil in Presidente Bernardes, São Paulo, Brazil, as a function of cover cropping with different combinations of grasses and legumes between 2015 and 2020. The treatments comprised fallow (control), cultivation of a single grass or intercropping of two grasses, one grass and one legume, or a mixture of two grasses and one legume during the offseason (April–September). Intercropping two grasses increased total dry matter production (shoot and root) by 138% and decreased the C/N ratio by 19% compared with the fallow and legume systems. The organic C stock in the soil was 46% higher in the mixed cover crop system (36.5 Mg ha−1) than in the fallow system (25 Mg ha−1). Humic acid (0.78–0.82 g kg−1) and humin (1.68–1.99 g kg−1) were lower in the systems with low dry matter production (fallow and grass + legume). Mineral‐associated C content was 114% higher in the mixed cover crop system than in the fallow system. These results show that cover crops can increase C content in all fractions of organic matter in tropical sandy soil, even in a short period of time (5 yr), and that a mix of cover crops is the best option.
Exceptional evolutionary lability of flower‐like inflorescences (pseudanthia) in Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae
Authors: Baczyński Jakub , Sauquet Hervé , Spalik Krzysztof
Published: February 2022

Premise

Pseudanthia are widespread and have long been postulated to be a key innovation responsible for some of the angiosperm radiations. The aim of our study was to analyze macroevolutionary patterns of these flower‐like inflorescences and their potential correlation with diversification rates in Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae. In particular, we were interested to investigate evolvability of pseudanthia and evaluate their potential association with changes in the size of floral display.

Methods

The framework for our analyses consisted of a time‐calibrated phylogeny of 1734 representatives of Apioideae and a morphological matrix of inflorescence traits encoded for 847 species. Macroevolutionary patterns in pseudanthia were inferred using Markov models of discrete character evolution and stochastic character mapping, and a principal component analysis was used to visualize correlations in inflorescence architecture. The interdependence between net diversification rates and the occurrence of pseudocorollas was analyzed with trait‐independent and trait‐dependent approaches.

Results

Pseudanthia evolved in 10 major clades of Apioideae with at least 36 independent origins and 46 reversals. The morphospace analysis recovered differences in color and compactness between floral and hyperfloral pseudanthia. A correlation between pseudocorollas and size of inflorescence was also strongly supported. Contrary to our predictions, pseudanthia are not responsible for variation in diversification rates identified in this subfamily.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that pseudocorollas evolve as an answer to the trade‐off between enlargement of floral display and costs associated with production of additional flowers. The high evolvability and architectural differences in apioid pseudanthia may be explained on the basis of adaptive wandering and evolutionary developmental biology.
Anti‐CD19 and anti‐BCMA CAR T cell therapy followed by lenalidomide maintenance after autologous stem‐cell transplantation for high‐risk newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Shi Xiaolan , Yan Lingzhi , Shang Jingjing , Kang Liqing , Yan Zhi , Jin Song , Zhu Mingqing , Chang Huirong , Gong Feiran , Zhou Jiazi , Chen Guanghua , Pan Jinlan , Liu Dandan , Zhu Xiaming , Tang Fang , Liu Minghong , Liu Wei , Yao Feirong , Yu Lei , Wu Depei , Fu Chengcheng
Published: February 2022

Few prospective studies have examined posttransplant chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell infusion as candidates for front‐line consolidation therapy for high‐risk multiple myeloma (MM) patients. This single‐arm exploratory clinical trial is the first to evaluate the safety and efficacy of sequential anti‐CD19 and anti‐BCMA CAR‐T cell infusion, followed by lenalidomide maintenance after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), in 10 high‐risk newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients. The treatment was generally well tolerated, with hematologic toxicities being the most common grade 3 or higher adverse events. All patients had cytokine release syndrome (CRS), which was grade 1 in 5 patients (50%) and grade 2 in 5 patients (50%). No neurotoxicity was observed after CAR‐T cell infusion. The overall response rate was 100%, with the best response being 90% for a stringent complete response (sCR), and 10% for a complete response (CR). At a median follow‐up of 42 (36–49) months, seven (70%) of 10 patients showed sustained minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity for more than 2 years. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were not reached. Although the sample size was small and there was a lack of control in this single‐arm study, the clinical benefits observed warrant ongoing randomized controlled trials.
OFD1: One gene, several disorders
Authors: Pezzella Nunziana , Bove Guglielmo , Tammaro Roberta , Franco Brunella
Published: February 2022

The OFD1 protein is necessary for the formation of primary cilia and left–right asymmetry establishment but additional functions have also been ascribed to this multitask protein. When mutated, this protein results in a variety of phenotypes ranging from multiorgan involvement, such as OFD type I (OFDI) and Joubert syndromes (JBS10), and Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), to the engagement of single tissues such as in the case of retinitis pigmentosa (RP23). The inheritance pattern of these condition differs from X‐linked dominant male‐lethal (OFDI) to X‐linked recessive (JBS10, PCD, and RP23). Distinctive biological peculiarities of the protein, which can contribute to explain the extreme clinical variability and the genetic mechanisms underlying the different disorders are discussed. The extensive spectrum of clinical manifestations observed inOFD1‐mutated patients represents a paradigmatic example of the complexity of genetic diseases. The elucidation of the mechanisms underlying this complexity will expand our comprehension of inherited disorders and will improve the clinical management of patients.
C‐reactive protein levels and risk of dementia—Observational and genetic studies of 111,242 individuals from the general population
Authors: Hegazy Sharif H. , Thomassen Jesper Qvist , Rasmussen Ida Juul , Nordestgaard Børge G. , Tybjærg‐Hansen Anne , Frikke‐Schmidt Ruth
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Increased plasma levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP) in midlife are associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), whereas in older age the opposite association is observed. Whether genetically determined CRP is associated with AD remains unclear.

Methods

A total of 111,242 White individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study and the Copenhagen City Heart Study were included. Plasma levels of CRP and four regulatory genetic variants in the CRP gene were determined.

Results

For CRP percentile group 1 to 5 (lowest plasma CRP) versus the 50 to 75 group (reference), the hazard ratio for AD was 1.69 (95% confidence interval 1.29–2.16). Genetically low CRP was associated with increased risk of AD in individuals with body mass index ≤25 kg/m2 (P = 4 × 10−6).

Discussion

Low plasma levels of CRP at baseline were associated with high risk of AD in individuals from the general population. These observational findings were supported by genetic studies.
Rheological behaviors of plasticized polyvinyl chloride thermally conductive composites with oriented flaky fillers: A case study on graphite and mica
Authors: Zhang Han , Zhang Jun
Published: February 2022

In this study, two oriented flaky fillers in plasticized polyvinyl chloride (P‐PVC) matrix were respectively compared on some rheological behaviors such as dynamic rheological behavior, melt flow rate, and Barus effect. By comparing and analyzing the rheological behaviors and thermal conductivity of P‐PVC/graphite and P‐PVC/mica composites with oriented fillers, it is found that the P‐PVC/graphite composites have obvious percolation thresholds of viscosity, modulus and thermal conductivity at 23.6 vol%. However, P‐PVC/mica composites did not show similar phenomenon. Moreover, the variable parameter K′ in the modified Kerner–Nielson equation was used to relate the rheological behavior, percolation concentration and thermal conductivity of the composites, and the formation of the filler network was analyzed through the rheological behavior to explain the influence of the percolation threshold in the composites caused by the change of internal structure on the thermal conductivity. It has important guiding significance for the mechanism research and comprehensive performance improvement of the filled composites.
An efficient pH‐responsive kappa‐carrageenan/tamarind kernel powder hydrogel for the removal of brilliant green and rose bengal from aqueous solution
Authors: Vaid Vasudha , Jindal Rajeev
Published: February 2022

The objective of this study was to develop an eco‐friendly, cost‐effective, and efficient adsorbent using kappa‐carrageenan (KCG) and tamarind kernel powder (TKP) based cross‐linked 3‐D network hydrogel. The equilibrium swelling capacity of 1429% was achieved by optimization studies. The KCG/TKP hydrogel was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. This hydrogel was employed for the efficient removal of brilliant green (BG) and rose bengal (RB) dye from wastewater. BG and RB were used as a cationic and anionic model dye, respectively. The adsorption capacity of model dyes on KCG/TKP was investigated under different parameters like dye concentration, pH, temperature, and adsorbent amount. With remarkable adsorption capacity, the hydrogel demonstrated a strong dependence on the pH of the medium. The kinetics, adsorption isotherm, thermodynamic studies, and reusability were investigated. The KCG/TKP hydrogel follows pseudo‐second‐order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model for the adsorption of both BG and RB model dyes. Spontaneity and exothermic behavior of the adsorption process were revealed by thermodynamic findings. At pH 9, the maximum adsorption capacity of BG was 840.33 mg g−1 while the maximum adsorption capacity of RB was 168.06 mg g−1 at pH 5.
A facile approach to fabricate flexible capacitance sensor based onSpatial Confining Forced Network Assemblymethod for detecting and analyzing large deformation of damping rubber
Authors: Bai Xiaofeng , Fu Hongbo , Liu Ying , Sun Jingyao , Yan Kexin , Gao Xiaolong , Xu Hong , Yang Zhenzhou , Wu Daming , Huang Yao
Published: February 2022

Efficiently estimating the aging status of rubber damping is indispensable in the transport system. Herein, we developed a facile approach to fabricate flexible capacitance sensors that can bear high loads, large deformations, and long cycle life. The sensor has a sandwich structure, including electrode layer, the dielectric layer, and encapsulation layer. In this approach, the spatial confining forced network assembly method was used to fabricate the electrode layer of the sensor and a novel injection mold process was used to form the encapsulation layer of the sensor. This flexible capacitive sensor can detect the cyclic loading of damping rubber springs as high as 0‐60 kN under load frequency of 3 Hz with a sensitivity of 30 PF/KN, bear up to maximum 58% deformation and cycling stability over 50,000 cycle. Furthermore, a modified aging status prediction model for damping rubber springs based on the signal of sensor is proposed. The real‐time working state and aging state of the rubber spring can be monitored through the measurement signal of the sensor.
Einführung zum Carbonbeton
Authors: Lieboldt Matthias
Published: February 2022

In den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten ist Carbonbeton mit zunehmender Tendenz fester Bestandteil der Forschung geworden und bereits in der Baupraxis angekommen. Durch die steigende Anzahl an allgemeinen bauaufsichtlichen Zulassungen (abZ) und Zustimmungen im Einzelfall (ZiE) verbreitert sich der Anwendungsbereich des Carbonbetons von der Verstärkung und Instandsetzung bis zum Neubau immer weiter. Darauf aufbauend werden die Arbeiten an den ersten technischen Regelwerken intensiv vorangetrieben. Der Beitrag gibt einen kurzen Überblick zur Entstehung, dem Material und dem aktuellen Stand der Nutzung.
Optimal dynamic treatment regime estimation using information extraction from unstructured clinical text
Authors: Zhou Nina , Brook Robert D. , Dinov Ivo D. , Wang Lu
Published: February 2022

The wide‐scale adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) provides extensive information to support precision medicine and personalized health care. In addition to structured EHRs, we leverage free‐text clinical information extraction (IE) techniques to estimate optimal dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs), a sequence of decision rules that dictate how to individualize treatments to patients based on treatment and covariate history. The proposed IE of patient characteristics closely resembles “The clinical Text Analysis and Knowledge Extraction System” and employs named entity recognition, boundary detection, and negation annotation. It also utilizes regular expressions to extract numerical information. Combining the proposed IE with optimal DTR estimation, we extract derived patient characteristics and use tree‐based reinforcement learning (T‐RL) to estimate multistage optimal DTRs. IE significantly improved the estimation in counterfactual outcome models compared to using structured EHR data alone, which often include incomplete data, data entry errors, and other potentially unobserved risk factors. Moreover, including IE in optimal DTR estimation provides larger study cohorts and a broader pool of candidate tailoring variables. We demonstrate the performance of our proposed method via simulations and an application using clinical records to guide blood pressure control treatments among critically ill patients with severe acute hypertension. This joint estimation approach improves the accuracy of identifying the optimal treatment sequence by 14–24% compared to traditional inference without using IE, based on our simulations over various scenarios. In the blood pressure control application, we successfully extracted significant blood pressure predictors that are unobserved or partially missing from structured EHR.
National survey on the current practice and attitudes toward the management of chronic subdural hematoma
Authors: Holl Dana C. , Blaauw Jurre , Ista Erwin , Dirven Clemens M.F. , Kho Kuan H. , Jellema Korné , van der Gaag Niels A. , Miah Ishita P. , den Hertog Heleen M. , van der Naalt Joukje , Jacobs Bram , Verbaan Dagmar , Polinder Suzanne , Lingsma Hester F. , Dammers Ruben ,   Dutch Subdural Hematoma Research group collaboration
Published: February 2022

Background

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a frequent pathological entity in daily clinical practice. However, evidence‐based CSDH‐guidelines are lacking and level I evidence from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) is limited. In order to establish and subsequently implement a guideline, insight into current clinical practice and attitudes toward CSDH‐treatment is required. The aim is to explore current practice and attitudes toward CSDH‐management in the Netherlands.

Methods

A national online survey was distributed among Dutch neurologists and neurosurgeons, examining variation in current CSDH‐management through questions on treatment options, (peri)operative management, willingness to adopt new treatments and by presenting four CSDH‐cases.

Results

One hundred nineteen full responses were received (8% of neurologists,N = 66 and 35% of neurosurgeons,N = 53). A majority of the respondents had a positive experience with burr‐hole craniostomy (93%) and with a conservative policy (56%). Around a third had a positive experience with the use of dexamethasone as primary (30%) and additional (33.6%) treatment. These numbers were also reflected in the treatment preferences in the presented cases. (Peri)operative management corresponded among responding neurosurgeons. Most respondents would be willing to implement dexamethasone (98%) if equally effective as surgery and tranexamic acid (93%) if effective in CSDH‐management.

Conclusion

Variation was found regarding preferential CSDH‐treatment. However, this is considered not to be insurmountable when implementing evidence‐based treatments. This baseline inventory on current clinical practice and current attitudes toward CSDH‐treatment is a stepping‐stone in the eventual development and implementation of a national guideline.
Comparison of factors influencing the willingness to donate biospecimens among guardians of children with cancer and adult cancer patients
Authors: Gao Hongxiang , Cao Baige , Dang Nan , Gu Song , Xu Min , Ji Bin , Shi Yiqi , Liu Shijian , Wang Congrong
Published: February 2022

Background

This study examined and compared the attitudes and willingness of guardians of children with cancer and adult cancer patients toward donating biospecimens and clinical data for cancer research.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study among guardians of children with cancer (Guardian group) from Shanghai Children's Medical Center and adult cancer patients (Adult group) from Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital between February 1, 2019, and January 31, 2020. Participants’ demographic data, willingness, and motivations for biospecimen donation were collected and analyzed.

Results

Of 670 participants, 90.8% (318/350) in the Guardian group and 88.1% (282/320) in the Adult group completed the questionnaire. Most participants were willing to donate residual tissue samples (92.8% in the Guardian group vs. 79.4% in the Adult group, pψ = 0.032) and clinical data (94.0% vs. 72.3%, pψ < 0.001) for medical research. Logistic regression analysis indicated that only child status (odds ratio [OR] = 0.140, p = 0.02), history of blood donation (OR = 4.467, p = 0.019) in the Guardian group, education (OR = 0.387, p = 0.037), and history of blood donation (OR = 2.556, p = 0.016) in the Adult group were significantly associated with participants’ willingness to donate biospecimens. The primary motivation for donation was helping other patients with cancer (65.4% vs. 24.5%, pψ < 0.001). The major barriers to donation were the potential to cause physical discomfort (61.0% vs. 64.9%, pψ = 0.032).

Conclusions

Guardians of children with cancer were more willing to donate biospecimens than adult cancer patients in China. It is essential to promote awareness of biospecimens donation, especially in adult cancer patients.
Quality Evaluation of Wild Germplasm of Chinese Prickly Ash (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim) from Qinling Mountains at Different Elevations Based on HPLC‐Fingerprint**
Authors: Zheng Tao , Su Ke‐Xing , Chen Xi‐Yan , Zhang Ding‐Ling , Liu Shu‐Ming
Published: February 2022

Wild Chinese prickly ash resources provide a valuable genetic resource for Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim improvement and breeding. The Qinling Mountains was an abundant source for wild Chinese prickly ash. In this study, the phenolic and flavonoid compounds of wild germplasm resources from different altitudes and six cultivated varieties were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The chromatograms of them were essentially consistent, although their chemical composition contents were greatly different. The thirty samples were divided into three categories through the hierarchical clustering analysis. Catechin, hyperoside and quercitrin were considered to be key compounds for the quality evaluation, and by contrast, the wild samples with an altitude of 2300±50 m (Group IV) had the highest content of key compounds, and presented stronger antioxidant activity and antibacterial ability, indicating that these wild samples could be identified as the excellent breeding resources. This is the first time to evaluate the quality of wild Chinese prickly ash at different altitudes in Qinling Mountains. These excellent wild germplasm resources provided substantial potential accessions for use directly in Chinese prickly ash breeding programs.
Emerging role of m6A modification in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Peng Liming , Long Tianyi , Li Fei , Xie Qiying
Published: February 2022

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) contribute to the leading cause of death worldwide. Despite significant improvements in CVDs diagnosis and treatment, a continued effort to explore novel therapeutic strategies is urgently need. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation, well known as the most prevalent type of RNA modifications, involved in RNA stability, nuclear exports, translation, and decoy, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, including CVDs, cancer, and drug resistance. Here, our article summarizes cellular functions of m6A modulators and recent research progress concerning the functions and mechanisms of m6A methylation in CVDs, in hope of providing references for exploring novel therapeutic approaches and potential biomarkers in the treatment of CVDs.
Usefulness of intravascular ultrasound to assess coronary occlusion after transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Valvo Roberto , Costa Giuliano , Tamburino Corrado , Barbanti Marco
Published: February 2022

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is now a proven treatment option for patients with severe aortic stenosis. Coronary ostia obstruction is a rare but a life‐threatening complication of TAVR. In case of suspected coronary ostia obstruction, intravascular ultrasound study (IVUS) assessment could be feasible and useful to evaluate coronary ostia patency after the transcatheter aortic valve deployment, in high‐risk scenarios for coronary occlusion. We described the case of a 73‐year‐old female with delayed coronary obstruction after TAVR with a 23‐mm SAPIEN 3 ULTRA who underwent IVUS‐guided percutaneous coronary intervention, using the chimney stenting technique, due to critical ostium left main impingement.
Myelomatous ascites and pleural effusion in relapsed multiple myeloma
Authors: Baksh Mizba , Li Ke , Jiang Liuyan , Alegria Victoria , Sher Taimur , Roy Vivek , Chanan‐Khan Asher , Ailawadhi Sikander , Parrondo Ricardo D. , Alhaj Moustafa Muhamad
Published: February 2022

Extramedullary multiple myeloma is seen in advanced and aggressive disease and occurs due to plasma cell infiltration of sites other than the bone marrow. Myelomatous ascites or pleural effusion is seen in less than 1% of cases and can be differentiated from infectious etiologies based on fluid cytology.
Double appendixes: A rare case report
Authors: Markou Markos , Sotiropoulou Rodopi , Perente Sempachedin , Kougioumtzi Ioanna‐Triada , Foutzitzi Soultana , Chatzipantelis Paschalis , Botaitis Sotirios
Published: February 2022

Anomalies of the appendix are rare, and one of the rarest is the double appendixes. Most anomalies of the appendix are observed in adults and are discovered incidentally during surgery that does not primarily involve the appendix. It is usually missed, often with life‐threatening consequences.
Multi‐mode grounding and monophasic passive discharge stimulation avoid aberrant facial nerve stimulation following cochlear implantation
Authors: Zellhuber Nina , Helbig Ralf , James Paul , Bloching Marc , Lyutenski Stefan
Published: February 2022

We report on a case with severe facial nerve stimulation via a cochlea‐facial nerve dehiscence that was most likely the result of prolonged occlusive hydrocephalus. The successful treatment of this adverse effect demonstrates for the first time its complete resolution using a multi‐mode grounding and monophasic passive discharge stimulation.
Unilateral eosinophilic cellulitis leading to implant extrusion after bilateral enucleation in a dog
Authors: Aronson Riley J. , Pumphrey Stephanie A. , Robinson Nicholas
Published: February 2022

A mixed breed dog underwent bilateral enucleation with orbital implant placement for secondary glaucoma. Subsequent unilateral implant extrusion occurred. An orbital mass histologically consistent with eosinophilic cellulitis was discovered. It may have developed secondary to communication between orbit and skin. Inflammatory processes mimicking neoplasia can cause implant loss post‐enucleation.
A Semiconductor‐Mediator‐Catalyst Artificial Photosynthetic System for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Niu Fujun , Wang Degao , Williams Lenzi J. , Nayak Animesh , Li Fei , Chen Xiangyan , Troian‐Gautier Ludovic , Huang Qing , Liu Yanming , Brennaman M. Kyle , Papanikolas John M. , Guo Liejin , Shen Shaohua , Meyer Thomas J.
Published: February 2022

In fabricating an artificial photosynthesis (AP) electrode for water oxidation, we have devised a semiconductor‐mediator‐catalyst structure that mimics photosystem II (PSII). It is based on a surface layer of vertically grown nanorods of Fe2O3 on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) electrodes with a carbazole mediator base and a Ru(II) carbene complex on a nanolayer of TiO2 as a water oxidation co‐catalyst. The resulting hybrid assembly, FTO|Fe2O3|−carbazole|TiO2|−Ru(carbene), demonstrates an enhanced photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation performance compared to an electrode without the added carbaozle base with an increase in photocurrent density of 2.2‐fold at 0.95 V vs. NHE and a negatively shifted onset potential of 500 mV. The enhanced PEC performance is attributable to carbazole mediator accelerated interfacial hole transfer from Fe2O3 to the Ru(II) carbene co‐catalyst, with an improved effective surface area for the water oxidation reaction and reduced charge transfer resistance.
Produktlebensdaten für eine textile Kreislaufwirtschaft
Authors: Müller Kai , Hartmann Philipp , Gehrke Inga , Gries Thomas
Published: February 2022

Das geschlossene Produktlebenszyklusmanagement stellt einen spannenden Lösungsansatz für die Textilbranche dar, um durch neue Technologien in der Datenerfassung sowie der durchgängigen Informationssteuerung die Herausforderungen einer stärkeren Kundenorie
Energieeffiziente Trockner ‐entfernen Schadstoffe
Authors: Weinert Harald
Published: February 2022

Ein Großteil unserer alltäglichen Gebrauchsgegenstände enthalten sog. VOC (volatile organic compounds), das sind flüchtige organische Verbindungen bzw. Gas‐ und dampfförmige Stoffe mit z. T. extremem Geruch und gesundheitsschädlichen Auswirkungen für Mensch und Umwelt. Mit der Entwicklung und des zum Patent angemeldeten eVOC‐Verfahrens vereint die Simar GmbH ein effizientes Verfahren zur VOC‐Reduzierung mit modernster Trocknungstechnik und beweist somit eindeutig Gespür für die aktuellen Anforderungen des Marktes und deren erfolgreiche Umsetzung. Die neueste Entwicklung, der eVOC Entgasungstrockner, setzt ganz neue Maßstäbe im Bereich der Trocknungstechnik.
Tanz der Elektronen
Authors: Groß Michael
Published: February 2022

Um die einfachste Ringschluss‐Reaktion der organischen Chemie auf einer Oberfläche beobachten zu können, mussten Forscher sie erst einmal ziemlich kompliziert machen.
Better experimental design by hybridizing binary matching with imbalance optimization
Authors: Krieger Abba M. , Azriel David A. , Kapelner Adam
Published: February 2022

We present a new experimental design procedure that divides a set of experimental units into two groups in order to minimize error in estimating a treatment effect. One concern is the elimination of large covariate imbalance between the two groups before the experiment begins. Another concern is robustness of the design to misspecification in response models. We address both concerns in our proposed design: we first place subjects into pairs using optimal nonbipartite matching, making our estimator robust to complicated nonlinear response models. Our innovation is to keep the matched pairs extant, take differences of the covariate values within each matched pair, and then use the greedy switching heuristic of Krieger et al. (2019) or rerandomization on these differences. This latter step greatly reduces covariate imbalance. Furthermore, our resultant designs are shown to be nearly as random as matching, which is robust to unobserved covariates. When compared to previous designs, our approach exhibits significant improvement in the mean squared error of the treatment effect estimator when the response model is nonlinear and performs at least as well when the response model is linear. Our design procedure can be found as a method in the open source R package available on CRAN called GreedyExperimentalDesign.
Efficient Etherification of 2,5‐Bis(hydroxymethyl)furan to 2,5‐Bis(propoxymethyl)furan by an Amorphous Silica‐Alumina Catalyst in a Fixed‐Bed Reactor
Authors: Chen Liangqi , Xue Tingting , Hu Hualei , Chen Chunlin , Wang Dazhi , Cai Weijie , Yang Yong , Zhang Jian
Published: February 2022

The efficient etherification of 2,5‐bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) to 2,5‐bis(propoxymethyl)furan (BPMF) was achieved by using low‐cost amorphous silica‐aluminas (ASA) catalysts in a fixed‐bed reactor. A considerable yield of BPMF up to 85.1 % was obtained over ASA‐30 catalyst under the reaction conditions of 140 °C, 2.0 MPa of N2, and 0.015 h−1 of WHSV. The excellent performance of ASA‐30 catalyst could be attributed to the relatively stronger acidity (>375 °C) and larger mesoporous size (6 nm), thereby facilitating the conversion of BHMF to BPMF. In addition, the lower ratio of Brønsted/Lewis acid sites for ASA catalyst was found to efficiently suppress the occurrence of side reactions.
Quantitative In‐Situ NMR Illumination for Excitation and Kinetic Analysis of Molecular Motor Intermediates
Authors: Wilcken Roland , Gerwien Aaron , Huber Ludwig Alexander , Dube Henry , Riedle Eberhard
Published: February 2022

The front cover artwork is provided by the groups of Henry Dube and Eberhard Riedle. The image shows an NMR tube at very low temperatures that is illuminated, leading to photoisomerization back and forth of a molecular motor. Quantum yields (Φ) for this process are measured in situ. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cptc.202100232.