bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Deep Learning for Credit Card Approval: A Comparison with Two Machine Learning Techniques
Authors:   College of Business and Innovation, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606-3390 USA, Kibria Md. Golam , Sevkli Mehmet
Published: August 2021

The increased credit card defaulters have forced the companies to think carefully before the approval of credit applications. Credit card companies usually use their judgment to determine whether a credit card should be issued to the customer satisfying certain criteria. Some machine learning algorithms have also been used to support the decision. The main objective of this paper is to build a deep learning model based on the UCI (University of California, Irvine) data sets, which can support the credit card approval decision. Secondly, the performance of the built model is compared with the other two traditional machine learning algorithms: logistic regression (LR) and support vector machine (SVM). Our results show that the overall performance of our deep learning model is slightly better than that of the other two models.
Agricultural Machinery Abnormal Trajectory Recognition
Authors:   Information Engineering College, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, P.R. China, Liu Hui , Qiao Yujie , Zhao Guofa , Cheng Jingping , Meng Zhijun
Published: August 2021

The service system of supervision of agricultural machinery subsoiling operation enables acquisition of a large amount of agricultural machinery movement track data. These trajectories include not only farmland operation track data, but also road driving track data. Their spatial distribution characteristics and attribute data are different. In this paper, we make a study of the abnormal trajectory data in data set, and propose an abnormal trajectory recognition algorithm based on DBSCAN clustering. According to the attribute data of agricultural machinery trajectory, the trajectory is divided to form different types of motion trajectory, then to judge the spatial distribution of different types of agricultural machinery tracks. If the attribute data of the tracks are inconsistent with their spatial distribution, it will be judged as abnormal tracks. The experimental results show that both the accuracy of the algorithm and the recall rate is 98.61%, which can identify the abnormal tracks of agricultural machinery.
Vehicle Detection and Type Classification Based on CNN-SVM
Authors:   Faculty of Technology and Science, Department of Computer science, Tokushima University, Japan, Karungaru Stephen , Dongyang Lyu , Terada Kenji
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we propose vehicle detection and classification in a real road environment using a modified and improved AlexNet. Among the various challenges faced, the problem of poor robustness in extracting vehicle candidate regions through a single feature is solved using the YOLO deep learning series algorithm used to propose potential regions and to further improve the speed of detection. For this, the lightweight network Yolov2-tiny is chosen as the location network. In the training process, anchor box clustering is performed based on the ground truth of the training set, which improves its performance on the specific dataset. The low classification accuracy problem after template-based feature extraction is solved using the optimal feature description extracted through convolution neural network learning. Moreover, based on AlexNet, through adjusting parameters, an improved algorithm was proposed whose model size is smaller and classification speed is faster than the original AlexNet. Spatial Pyramid Pooling (SPP) is added to the vehicle classification network which solves the problem of low accuracy due to image distortion caused by image resizing. By combining CNN with SVM and normalizing features in SVM, the generalization ability of the model was improved. Experiments show that our method has a better performance in vehicle detection and type classification.
A comprehensive review to study and implement solar energy in dairy industries
Authors: SOLANKI Alka , PAL Yash
Published: August 2021

In this review, analysis of triple-impact vapour ingestion refrigeration framework involving a high, medium and low-temperature generator is characterized. This review suggests the solar power-related triple impact vapour retention refrigeration for heating and cooling applications in dairy industries that should be developed. In this review, the paper investigates solar heat and cooling is practised in modern dairy applications. With improved advancements and scaled-down costs,
the solar-powered energy guarantees to reduce power charges builds countries’ energy security through reliance on a special, unfathomable resource, redesigned practicality, limited defilement, cut down the costs of diminishing an unsafe barometrical deviation, and keeps oil subordinate costs lower than something different. The important source of heating is considered from solar-based by using different solar oriented heat advancements. The results indicate that solar power-related triple impact vapour retention refrigeration for heating and cooling applications in dairy industries. Different operating temperatures are measured during the implementation and find an optimal food processing condition in the dairy industry. Thus, this observed study gives hands to develop an efficient renewable system for processing industrial dairy operation using solar power. Implementing renewable energy sources in the dairy industries promotes overall energy consumption and lower the total expenditure of industrial processing, respectively.
Evaluation of peripheral lymphadenopathy by fine needle aspiration cytology: Our experience at a tertiary care center
Authors: Fiza Mustaqueem Syed , Belal Hassan Syed , Agarwal Shikha
Published: August 2021

Peripheral lymphadenopathy is frequently due to a local or systemic benign infectious disease. However, it could be a manifestation of underlying malignancy. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) acting as a reliable diagnostic tool to find out the cause underlying the lymphadenopathy enables the clinician to plan appropriate management for each patient.

The present study was undertaken to assess the utility of FNAC in evaluation of peripheral lymphadenopathy cases in different age groups and sex and to study the cytomorphological patterns in these cases.

A retrospective and prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences over the duration of 2 years. A total of 331 lymph node FNA aspirates were studied. Aspirated material was routinely stained with Haematoxylin & Eosin and Papanicolauo stains. Ziehl Neelsen stain was used wherever required.

Most of the patients were in the age group of ≤15 years (117/331). Cervical lymphnodes were the most commonly involved sites (222/331). The largest group of lesions belonged to the non-neoplastic category (227/331). Only 54/331 cases were in the neoplastic category. Amongst the non-neoplastic lesions, granulomatous lymphadenitis comprised the majority (128/277). Amongst the neoplastic lesions, 8 cases showed features of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL); where as 3 cases were of Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL). Non-neoplastic lesions were more common in the younger age group (117/257); where as neoplastic lesions were more common in the older age group (27/54).

FNAC is a reliable method of diagnosing the pathology underlying enlarged superficial lymph nodes; thus acting as a triage to distinguish the cases with a suspicion of significant disease. At the same time, it also provides material for ancillary studies especially in lymphoproliferative lesions.
A brief about autism spectrum disorders for nurses and other peripheral health workers
Authors: Kondekar Alpana Santosh , Dharia Ashni , Mandal Abhishek , Naik Neeta , Gaikwad Bhumi Amod
Published: August 2021

Autism spectrum disorder encompasses a wide range of neurodevelopment disabilities which affect children and their families across all sections of the society both in rural and urban settings. The prevalence of autism is rising irrespective of the socioeconomic background of the children. Hence every health worker has to be aware of ways to suspect and diagnose this condition and decide the appropriate treatment. Earliest intervention in autism spectrum disorder gives better results due to neuroplasticity. This article is targeted to help Medical officers, auxiliary nurse midwifes, anganwadi workers and other peripheral health workers by providing information on basics of ASD, normal speech development, simple ways for diagnosis and treatment for the same.
Special Bulletin: NDC Invest: Supporting Transformational Climate Policy and Finance in Latin American and the Caribbean
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: August 2021

NDC Invest was created as the one-stop-shop of the IDB Group providing technical and financial support for countries in Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) in their efforts to achieve the climate objectives under the Paris Agreement, seeking to transition to a net-zero, resilient, and sustainable development pathway that improves the quality of life and prosperity in LAC. We have recently published a paper that describes three NDC Invest products to support Governments to tackle challenges and scale up action towards a climate-aligned and sustainable development path. In this Special Bulletin, we provide a snapshot of our thee products: i) the design of Long-Term Strategies (LTS) for net-zero emissions and resilience; ii) design of ambitious Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), aligned to LTS; and iii) design of investment plans and finance strategies.
El BID: Vol. 17, no. 4, abril 1990
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: August 2021

EL BID informa sobre el desarrollo económico y social de América Latina y el Caribe y sobre las actividades del Banco. Se publica 10 veces al año en ingles, español, portugués y francés.
Mobile Application for the Blind and Their Family
Authors: Spits Warnars Harco Leslie Hendric , Nicholas Nicholas , Raihan Muhammad , Ramadhan Arief , Mantoro Teddy , Wan Adnan Wan Adilah
Published: August 2021

Many people want to use gadgets, but they cannot due to some reasons. One of the reasons is the person who is visually impaired and some children are challenged by birth. To overcome this problem, we have designed a mobile application to make communication easier between the blind and their family or their friends. In this project, we want to utilize some of the technology that already exists to develop a mobile application that can be used by the blind to communicate easily to their family.
Organizational Commitment of Human Resources in the Context of Leadership Styles in the Organization
Authors: Miško Dávid , Vagaš Matúš , Birknerová Zuzana , Tej Juraj , Benková Eva
Published: August 2021

Engagement in companies is an important issue in the management and leadership of human resources, which affects the competitiveness of the company but also the employees themselves. By focusing on the individual operating levels of human resource management with an emphasis on organizational commitment, we believe that the creation of a concept forms an important basis for achieving organizational goals. If we look objectively at the involvement of employees on the part of the company management but also on the part of ordinary employees, all interested parties could come up with a real company policy that can satisfy the company. The essence of every decision-making, strategy, coordination, planning, and management is and will always be employees. In almost all organizations, there is a mission according to which human resources are the most valuable resources. The paper aims to verify the relationship between a leadership style (orientation towards employees, participatory style) and commitment of human resources to an organization. The results of the research, carried out on a sample of 202 respondents, confirm the direct connection between a leadership style and commitment of human resources in the organization conditions.
The influence of ultrasound on nucleation in electrodeposition of lead dioxide on a nickel substrate
Authors:   Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Korotkov Vasiliy A. , Shpekina Varvara I. ,   Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Solovyova Nina D. ,   Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov
Published: August 2021

The effect of ultrasound on the electrodeposition of lead dioxide from lead (II) nitrate on a nickel substrate was studied. It was shown that the highest electrochemical characteristics are observed for the prototypes of backup power sources based on the Pb/HClO4/PbO2 system, in which lead dioxide obtained by electrodeposition under the influence of an ultrasonic field on a nickel substrate was used.
The influence of nature of active components and modifiers on electroanalytic properties of planar cefalexine-selective sensors
Authors:   Saratov State University, Kulapina Elena G. , Kulapina Olga I. ,   Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky, Ankina Vlada D. ,   Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky
Published: August 2021

The 1st generation cefalexine-cephalosporine antibiotic is used in the treatment of various infectious diseases. Spectrophotometry, kinetic spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry are proposed to determination of cefalexine in medicine and biological environment. Planar screenprinted sensors allow analyzing the micro-volumes of samples, which is important for the analysis of biological objects without preliminary samplepreparation. Depending on the active material and modifiers, you can create planar sensors for the determination of different organic compounds. In this work we have studied the influence of the nature of electroactive compounds and modifiers on the electroanalytic properties of planar cefalexine-selective sensors. Associates of tetradecylammonium and dimethyldistearylammonium with complex compounds silver (1) – cefalexine (Ceas = 1–3%), polyaniline modifiers and cupric oxide nanoparticles have been used as active components, the ratio EAS: modifier is 1:1. The main electroanalytic and operational characteristics of cefalexine-selective sensors in aqueous solutions and on the background of oral fluid are determined. Advantage of tetradecylammonium in active components of cefalexine-selective sensors is shown. For cefalexine- sensors, the optimal is: linearity interval 1·10-2 – 1·10-4, response time 20–25 seconds, for unmodified: 10–15 sec, for modified in 1·10-2 M solutions of cefalexine, service life – 1 month. Modifiers approximate angular coefficients of electrode functions to theoretical values for single-charge ions, reduce response time and drift of potential, reduce the detection limit of cefalexine. Sensors are used for the determination of cephalexine in model aqueous solutions and oral fluid with added antibiotic additives, in expired cephalexine preparations.
Effect of sulfur solvent on the properties of lead sulfide quantum dots
Authors:   OOO “NPP Volga”, Tsvetkova Olga Yu. , Shtykov Sergey N. ,   Saratov State University, Smirnova Tatiana D. ,   Saratov State University, Zhukov Nikolay D. ,   OOO “NPP Volga”
Published: August 2021

Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) of lead sulfide have been synthesized and investigated using octadecene and white spirit as a solvent for sulfur, varying the concentration of precursors and the temperature of the process. A method has been proposed for the synthesis of these QDs using anhydrous white spirit as a solvent at a temperature of 200° C, which made it possible to obtain polygonal nanoparticles with an average diameter of 2 to 3.2 nm with a minimum spread in size (± 10%). Solvent white spirit, which has a low limiting solubility for sulfur and creates specific conditions for the reaction of the formation of lead sulfide at a high temperature (200° C), provides good synthesis kinetics in solution, a relatively low crystallization rate and creates conditions for the passage of all stages of the process from the formation of embryos before the maturation of the crystals. In this process, crystals of sufficiently stable sizes and shapes are steadily formed. It follows that the crystals are not spherical, but possibly somewhat rod-shaped, since their sizes differ in two directions. It is also seen that the sizes of QDs obtained using different concentrations of a sulfur solution in white spirit and varying the temperature differ insignificantly, since the confidence intervals are quite large and overlap. In one direction, the crystal size varies from 2 to 3.5 nm, and in the other from 3.5 to 5 nm. It has been found that at low temperatures the rate of reaction and crystal formation slows down. In this case, the anisotropic growth of crystals is pronounced, and the histogram curves are clearly divided into two regions. As a result, the transformation of the cubic structure of the crystal into a hexapod is noted. An increase in the concentration of lead in the reaction medium leads to a slight acceleration of the synthesis of nanoparticles.
Phase equilibria and salting out of butyric acid in the ternary system potassium nitrate + water + 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol
Authors:   Saratov State University, Smotrov Maksim P. , Godyaeva Mariya V. ,   Saratov State University, Hrykina Anna V. ,   Saratov State University, Cherkasov Dmitry G. ,   Saratov State University
Published: August 2021

Visual polythermal method in the bynary system of water-2-(2-butoxyethoxy) ethanol in the range of –25÷0° C the ice melting line is determined and the phase equilibria in the ternary system potassium nitrate–water–2-(2-butoxyethoxy) ethanol are studied in the range of 10.0–90.0° C. The ice melting line in the water–2-(2-butoxyethoxy) ethanol binary system is a flat, smooth line. This form of the melting line shows a hidden separation in liquid mixtures. It has been found that potassium nitrate salts out 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol from water-organic mixtures, and at 31.7° C in the ternary system of potassium nitrate–water–2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol, separation begins. The compositions of the solutions corresponding to the critical solubility points at several temperatures have been determined. The isothermal phase diagrams of the ternary system at 10.0, 25.0, 30.0, 31.7, 35.0, 50.0, 90.0° С have been plotted. The distribution coefficients of 2-(2-butoxyethoxy) ethanol between the liquid phases of monotectic state have been calculated. It is shown that the effect of salting-out 2-(2-butoxyethoxy) ethanol from aqueous solutions with potassium nitrate increases with increasing temperature. The concentration of 2-(2-butoxyethoxy) ethanol in the organic phase of monotectics at 90.0° C is 90 wt.% with a distribution coefficient of 897.
Impact of environmental conditions on the vitality structure of the cenopopulations of the dominant tree tier in the forests of the southern part of the Volga Upland
Authors:   Saratov State Agricultural University named after N. I. Vavilov, Samsonova Alisa M.
Published: August 2021

The vitality structure of cenopulations of woody plants is formed under the influence of ecological, cenotic and anthropogenic influences. The study of the nature and degree of influence of the ecological parameters of the habitat will make it possible to predict the formation of the vitality structure of woody plants. The objects of study are individuals of the generative age state of three species of woody plants: Quercus robur, Tilia cordata, Acer platanoides. Environmental conditions of habitat were assessed by using range ecological scales. Vitality was assessed by three key determinative morphometric parameters. Correlation analysis was carried out to establish the impact of environmental conditions on the indicators of the vitality of cenopopulations. Both direct and inverse relationships (with a correlation coefficient of 0.5 and above) between ecological conditions and vitality of the studied species were noted. The vitality of Tilia cordata is more influenced compared to other studied species.
«Russia shall remain the great power…». To the 100th anniversary of the collection of articles by N. V. Ustryalov «In the struggle for Russia»
Authors:   Nizhny Novgorod Institute of education development, Romanovski Vyacheslav K.
Published: August 2021

The article focuses on the important document of Russian political journalism of the era of the revolution and civil confrontation in Russia. For the first time in Russian historiography, the author explores the environment of the appearance of the collection of the articles called «In the struggle for Russia», analyzes its problems, emphasizes author’s «reconciliatory» ideology, reveals its influence on the socio-political life of the Russian emigration and the Soviet Republic, and points out the author’s interpretations and assessments for the contemporary Russian society.
German cultural policy and propaganda in the territory of the General district of Belarus in 1941–1944
Authors:   Belgorod State National Research University, Pushkarenko Elena A.
Published: August 2021

The article deals with the problem of policy and propaganda in the field of culture of the German civil administration in the territory of the General District of Belarus. The aim of the research is to analyze the content of German propaganda materials in the field of culture, to determine its main directions, goals and effectiveness, as well as the content of the real occupation policy in the field of culture. Research methods-analysis and synthesis are applied in the article. The researcher comes to the conclusion that the true goals of German policy and propaganda in the field of culture were the desire to provide a calm rear, to attract the population of the district to solve their own economic problems. The author believes that the effectiveness of propaganda was leveled by the extremely brutal occupation regime, the policy of «scorched earth», methods of fighting partisans, recruiting ostarbeiters and partisan counter-propaganda.
The Catholic Church and the colonial policy of France during the Revolutionary period of the late XVIII Century
Authors:   V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Dik George V.
Published: August 2021

The article examines the problem of the ideological and policy influence of the Church on colonial politics and the establishment of equality during the 1789 Revolution, based on the material of the Parliamentary Archives, memoirs of contemporaries and an extensive body of scientific literature. The author shows that in the first years after the Revolution neither the Church nor the State sought to provide the inhabitants of the colonies with equal rights with the population of the republic, which caused discontent that threatened the success of further revolutionary transformations. It is concluded that the colonial policy did not implement the revolutionary idea of human natural freedom, and the Catholic Church did not advocate the abolition of slavery. Only a few of its representatives, such as Abbot Gregoire, a member of the Society of Friends of Black and an active abolitionist, tried to find a way to enter the colonies and their populations into the new republic.
Kimmeridgian–Volgian ostracods of Samarskaya Luka: Paleoecological analysis and reflection of sedimentation conditions in rock magnetism
Authors:   JSC “Geologorazvedka”, Savelieva Julia N. , Guzhikov Andrey Yu. ,   Saratov State University
Published: August 2021

The analysis of the distribution of the Kimmeridgian–Volgian ostracods in the section near the village Valy made it possible to establish a sequence of eight communities, the change of which reflects changes in the ecological conditions in the basin. Changes in sea level fluctuations, the main physical and chemical parameters of the ostracod habitat – temperature, salinity of water, oxygen content in it, eutrophy and concentration of organic matter in sediment – are reconstructed. Information on the magnetic susceptibility and its increase after heating was obtained. Statistically significant relationships between the petromagnetic characteristics and some conditions of sedimentation were established. The conclusion about the relevance of continuing such studies at objects of different ages and genesis was made.
Population dynamics of Volgograd, Samara and Saratov regions: Contribution of migration
Authors:   Saratov State University, Ustavshchikova Svetlana V.
Published: August 2021

Volgograd, Samara and Saratov regions are neighboring regions. Demographic development in the regions has general trends. Migration is becoming the main component influencing the differences in population dynamics in the regions. The Samara region continues to attract both interregional Russian and international migrants.
Modes of the interaction between network structures in a conflict situation
Authors:   Belarusian State Agrarian Technical University, Bankovskaya Yuliya L.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the study of ontological, phenomenological and axiological modes of the interaction between network structures in the situation of a conflict confrontation. The aim of the work is to identify the modes of the interaction between network structures, and to clarify their specifics in the context of conflict escalation. The research methodology uses a network approach that covers all forms of social interaction at the micro and macro levels, characterizes social connections and relationships, and a synergetic paradigm that provides broad opportunities for considering the evolution of social systems. The study of the degree of development of the scientific problem allows us to conclude that there is a sufficient number of works devoted to the study of network structures, on the one hand, and very few works aimed at considering their interaction features in a conflict situation on the other hand. The analysis of ontological, phenomenological and axiological modes allows us to identify such essential characteristics of network processes that affect the dynamics of a conflict development as decentralization, the prevalence of horizontal connections over vertical ones, openness, anonymity, the absence of a single system of values and norms, multi-channel relationships, and fragmented knowledge about the problem situation. It is concluded that identifying the specifics of interaction between network structures is a necessary condition for maintaining the stability of the functioning of society and the state through the formation of new value-normative standards.
The question of normativity in the concept of truth as unconcealedness by M. Heidegger
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Koda Nadezhda V.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the consideration of the issue of normativity in the concept of truth as unconcealedness (ἀλήθεια) by M. Heidegger. The question of the normativity of truth as unconcealedness (ἀλήθεια) greatly worried Heidegger's critics even during the philosopher's life. The article reveals the perspective of this criticism in the context of the “argument of law” and understanding the boundaries of conceptual normativity regarding truth. The analysis of unconcealedness (ἀλήθεια) in Martin Heidegger's philosophy in the view of the question of normativity is carried out through consideration of the following aspects: whether the truth should be a normative concept, what "right" unconcealedness has to "name" the truth, why unconcealedness (ἀλήθεια) was never a concept in a strict sense of the word in the thinker's work. The analysis leads to the conclusion that truth as unconcealedness (ἀλήθεια) is deliberately extracted by Heidegger from conceptual boundaries, being a part of a plan to overcome metaphysical thinking. Heidegger's terms cannot be understood in the usual system of categories, because the philosopher sought to overcome the normative framework of the concept. The conclusion is formulated according to which the absence of normative conceptual boundaries does not deprive the unconcealedness of the “right” to be called truth, since truth can have, in addition to conceptual, other dimensions.
Orphic-Pythagorean tradition as a channel of the religious influence of Egypt on Plato's doctrine of the immortality of the soul
Authors:   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (Bryansk of Branch of Ranera), Pozdnyakov Sergey N.
Published: August 2021

The article considers one of the particular problems of cross-cultural interaction between Ancient Greece and Egypt - the mediating role of the Orphic-Pythagorean tradition in the Egyptian influence on the Platonic doctrine of the immortality of the soul. This problem is rarely touched upon in the national science, although its study allows one to discover new aspects in the development of ancient Greek philosophy. The methodological basis is the historical-comparative scientific analysis. The author analyzes the historical context that created favorable conditions for the Greeks to get acquainted with the culture of Ancient Egypt. The controversial nature of the evidence and hypotheses about the stay of Pythagoras and Herodotus in Egypt is noted. The objective difficulties that could arise in the process of obtaining information from the Egyptian priests are listed. The problem of linguistic communication and methods of transmitting a special character of Egyptian religious knowledge is being actualized. The need for an intracultural mechanism for processing and assimilating information obtained through contacts of alien traditions is emphasized. Alternative sources and channels of influence of Egyptian religious culture on the Orphic-Pythagorean tradition, examples and methods of possible borrowing are given. It is concluded that there is an internal Greek impulse for the development of the Orphic-Pythagorean tradition and Plato’s creative originality in the process of creating the doctrine of the immortality of the soul.
Antinomy of love and suffering in the religious philosophy by S. L. Frank
Authors:   Saratov State University, Mochinskaya Kseniya A.
Published: August 2021

The article explores the essence of the antinomy of love and suffering. Within the framework of the problem, the works of the Russian religious philosopher S. L. Frank turned out to be significant. The author analyzes the semantic content of love and suffering, which became possible when considering the concept of the metaphysics of the all-unity of the thinker. In the course of studying the problem, an aspect of the contradiction between the selected phenomena is revealed, which is based on a positive and negative assessment of the understanding of these sensations. The author searches for propositions concerning love and suffering in the context of determining their ontological meaning. In this direction, love is considered as “unity”, which allows you to prevent the “disintegration” of existence into parts. Suffering, on the other hand, is represented as an “antinomic reality”, which is already the “agony” of being, expressed in the tragedy of life’s existence, since the parts of the “disintegrated” being acquire an opposing character. On the basis of the revealed meanings, a conclusion is formulated about overcoming the antinomy of love and suffering through their “synthesis”. This aspect involves revealing the essence of compassion. The resolution of antinomy is considered through the desire to overcome suffering and to perceive the pain of another person, which is based on the understanding of love in its revealed sense as “unity”, which prevents the “disintegration of the all-unity” at the ontological level.
Features of mental states of students in conditions of self-isolation on the eve of the session
Authors:   Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University, Kulikova Tatyana I.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of mental states of students, who are in conditions of self-isolation, before the examination session. The results of an ascertaining experiment conducted among students during the period of restrictive measures in May–June 2020 are presented, the sample consisted of 55 students, age – 19–22 years. The aim of the research was to study the existence of a connection between the mental states of students and forced restrictive measures, including those related to studies, to assess the potential risk for the psychological well-being of students. As a hypothesis, it was suggested that the situation of forced self-isolation is an additional factor causing a decrease in the mental activity of a person, which contributes to the manifestation of neurotic reactions and provokes a feeling of loneliness. The study was conducted online, the control group was not formed. As a result of statistical data processing using the r-Pearson correlation coefficient, a direct negative relationship was revealed between the experience of loneliness (forced self-isolation) and a decrease in mental activation and interest of students, as well as a direct positive relationship with states of anxiety, frustration and obsessive states on the eve of the session. The results of the study can be used to develop programs for psychoprophylaxis, psycho-correction and psychological and pedagogical support of students forced to be in restrictive conditions due to prolonged illness, special health opportunities, extreme situations and, finally, the transition to distance education.
Use of interactive teaching technology at different stages of a university foreign language class
Authors:   Yaroslavl Air Defense Military College, Orekhova Yuliya M.
Published: August 2021

The importance of communicative learning of foreign languages in higher education has increased due to economic, political and cultural processes taking place in the world nowadays. The problem of finding effective means of ensuring the communicative nature of the educational process seems to be highly relevant at the present stage of teaching methodology development. The use of interactive methods can help teachers to implement the requirements of the Standard in the organization of the educational process of teaching foreign languages at university. The article is devoted to the analysis of the use of interactive methods at foreign language classes which can help teachers to implement the requirements of the new Federal Educational Standard of higher education. The necessity of interactive trainings for development of foreign language competence in the context of competence-based approach is described. The main changes of the educational process which have required a review of means and methods of foreign language teaching are also identified. The comparative analysis of traditional and interactive-based lessons proves that interaction allows to solve educational problems of a foreign language lesson and to redefine the roles of all participants of the educational process. The examples of the use of interactive teaching methods in accordance with the didactic structure of a foreign language lesson are given.
Theoretical foundations of structural components and determinants of cadets’ role interaction: Metasystem approach
Authors:   Novosibirsk military Institute named after general of the Army I. K. Yakovlev of National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation, Mekebaev Nurzhan S. , Perevozkina Yulia M. ,   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University
Published: August 2021

The relevance of the study is conditioned by changes taking place in the Russian Armed Forces, which are associated with the growth of military conflicts, with reforms and reorganizations in the structure of the National Guard, etc. Therefore, it imposes certain requirements on the professional training of the military personnel of the National Guard, who must fulfill several roles simultaneously and harmoniously integrate them into within their personality. The purpose of the study stated in the article is a theoretical analysis of the cadets’ role behavior, identification of conceptual avenues of theoretical and empirical research in this area, as well as justification of the metasystem approach in the study of the cadets’ role behavior. Presumably, the metasystem approach is applicable to modeling cadets’ role behavior. We used the following research methods: problemological analysis of military personnel role behavior, comparison of empirical studies on role behavior in the field of military psychology. It is shown that the theoretical analysis of military personnel role behavior reveals that all studies can be divided into three large groups that create conceptual foundations for understanding the problem. Firstly, a significant part of the study is devoted to the analysis of consistent integration of different roles into the structure of military personnel personality. Secondly, we scrupulously studied the determinants and correlates of military personnel role behavior. Thirdly, an important role is played by the research aimed at studying mental models of military personnel’s team work, as well as their impact on the effectiveness of mastering the role of a senior officer. We established that the problem of cadets’ role behavior can be viewed in the context of the metasystem approach, which reflects the specific regularities of social reality within the framework of the phenomenon under study. We showed that the role-based development of cadets is implemented within the multidimensionally organized system complex, functional components (culture, society and personality) of which have a common root and are ontologically inseparable.
Characteristics of will as predictors of risk inclination of military university students in the process of professional military socialization
Authors:   Saratov Military Order of Zhukov Red Banner Institute of the National Guard of the Russian Federation, Meshcheryakov Denis A.
Published: August 2021

One of the important and relevant problems of social psychology is the study of the role of will characteristics as important regulators of risk behavior. It is especially interesting to investigate it in such a specific social group as military personnel, whose activities are associated with risk both directly and indirectly. In view of this, the purpose of the research presented in the article is to study changes in volitional determination of risk and rational behavior of the military university students in the process of professional military socialization. As a hypothesis, we suggest that different volitional characteristics mainly determine risk behavior and behavior associated with rationality. The research involves 182 military students (aged M = 20.5; SD = 1.6) of Saratov Military Institute of the National Guard of the Russian Federation. We used the following techniques to analyze changes in volitional determination of rational and risk behavior: the technique for diagnosing the manifestation of volitional personality traits “Volitional personality traits” (M. V. Chumakov); “Risk-taking” questionnaire (A. M. Schubert); the technique for diagnosing two personality traits – readiness for risk and rationality – as psychological variables reflecting the characteristics of personal regulation of the subject’s choices (such as decision-making) in the broad context of life situations “Personality factors of decision making” (T. V. Kornilova). We revealed the complication of the volitional determination of rational and risk behavior in the process of professional military socialization; we also found major volitional personality traits, that are predictors of readiness for risk and rationality. It is shown that 8% of variations in rational behavior are due to purposefulness and initiative, and 8% of variations in risk behavior are due to persistence. The study of the identified parameters can help in determining the inclination to risk and rationality of military personnel, their influence on behavior in the course of performing service and combat missions and, consequently, on their more effective and high-quality performance.
Defensive-coping behaviour in teenagers and adolescents
Authors:   Pediatric Health Centre, Ponomareva Irina V.
Published: August 2021

The article presents data on studying correspondence between psychological defense mechanisms and coping strategies in teenage and adolescent years within the context of a unified system of self-regulation and adaptation. The relevance of research into defensive-coping behavior is conditioned by the need to understand interaction between defense mechanisms and coping strategies in teenage years and adolescence, as well as to solve the practical problem, i.e. to improve adaptive capabilities of adolescents and young men in stressful situations by reducing non-constructive forms of defensive-coping behavior. The purpose of the study is to investigate the interconnection between defense mechanisms and coping strategies as an individual makes a transition from teenage to adolescent years. Supposedly, defense mechanisms and coping strategies can both complement and contradict each other in teenage and adolescent years. The study was carried out on a sample (N = 203) consisting of representatives of teenage (n = 94, aged 12 to 15) and adolescent age groups (n = 109, aged 17 to 19), who attended general education and vocational schools of the town of Lipetsk. We used the following techniques: Life style index (R. Plutchik et al.), SACS test (S. Hobfoll). Based on the factor analysis, we singled out 4 styles of defensive-coping behaviour in teenagers (which explain 56.2% of general dispersion) and 5 styles of defensive-coping behaviour in adolescents (which explain 62.1% of general dispersion). We determined the factorial structure of the defensive-coping behavior of adolescents and young men. The analysis of the variables of the identified factors established the following: 1) problem-oriented coping strategies are in opposition to the defensive mechanism of regression; 2) immature forms of defense mechanisms (regression and substitution) "support" non-constructive coping strategies; 3) in adolescence, problem-oriented coping is used more actively. To ensure positive result in counseling practice with adolescents and young men, it is important to work with both non-constructive coping strategies and immature defenses.
Rozwiązania techniczne i technologiczne końcowego wyposażenia odwiertów z odcinkiem odchylonym i horyzontalnym w odwiertach na Niżu Polskim
Authors:   Exalo Drilling S.A., Wolan Marian
Published: August 2021

The article covers typical problems during realization of completion projects in the Polish Lowlands. It also presents harsh reservoir conditions encountered at the time of completion. Very high pressure gradient (over 0.021 MPa/m), relatively small thickness of cap rock layer, small differences between hydrostatic pressure and fracture pressure and high concentrations of CO2 and H2S require experience and knowledge when completing the wells. The article discusses the main functions and most common elements of completion assembly. Only a few sample completion assemblies that are used in boreholes in the Polish Lowlands are presented. Each element is described with emphasis placed on its tasks and advantages during completion, production phase of the well, as well as during workover and abandonment operations in the well. Some completion schemes common in the Polish Lowlands are presented together with their advantages and capabilities depending on final equipment used for completion and its location in the completion assembly. Selection of materials and elastomers used in completion assembly is shown depending on reservoir conditions. The article also presents a brief analysis of stresses that can occur in completion assembly during stimulation treatments, e.g. during acidizing of carbonate reservoir rocks, killing the well, operation of the well. Tools and equipment necessary for completing the well, determined by well construction and well conditions are described. Wells have been divided into two types depending on the trajectory of the well, up to 30° and above 30°, which influences the selection of equipment used to perform the operations of controlling the elements of the final completion assembly of the wells. It was emphasized that the selection of equipment to control the above-mentioned elements also depends on other conditions, such as the parameters of the fluid in which these operations are performed or the depth. The article also outlines the procedures necessary before and during the installation of the completion assembly.
Sprawozdanie ze specjalistycznych ćwiczeń terenowych w gminach turystycznych w latach 1996-1999 na studiach z geografii turyzmu i hotelarstwa UŁ
Authors: Wieczorek Sebastian , Źródelna Ilona
Published: August 2021

Sprawozdanie napisane przez studentów IV roku geografii turyzmu i hotelarstwa UŁ pod opieką mgr. Piotra Rzeńcy.
Más allá de los estantes vacíos: Alcances desde la autoetnografía sobre el consumo de papel higiénico en Lima Metropolitana durante la pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Armas Gonzales Marcelo , Egúsquiza Giove Renzo
Published: August 2021

En este artículo se analizarán las compras masivas de un producto básico como el papel higiénico y la repercusión de este comportamiento en la sociedad dentro la coyuntura actual de la COVID-19 en Lima, Perú. Para ello, nos basamos en conceptos como el miedo líquido, la antropología de consumo y la psicología de masas para que nos ayuden a sustentar lo siguiente: detrás de un comportamiento aparentemente irracional, existe un aparato cultural determinado por el modelo neoliberal que promueve la obtención de bienes materiales como un proceso de satisfacción y búsqueda de estabilidad inconsciente. Asimismo, nos valdremos del método autoetnográfico para lograr un mayor involucramiento con el fenómeno. De esa manera, las conclusiones estarán ligadas a nuestra percepción respecto a lo que estas prácticas generan. Al seguir estos hallazgos, se puede observar la necesidad de que se aborde este tema en futuras investigaciones posteriores sobre la coyuntura de la COVID-19.
Human Capital Constraints, Spatial Dependence, and Regionalization in Bolivia: A Spatial Clustering Approach
Authors: Mendez Carlos , Gonzales Erick
Published: August 2021

Using a novel dataset, this article studies the spatial distribution of human capital constraints across 339 municipalities in Bolivia. In particular, five human capital constraints are evaluated: chronic malnutrition in children, non-Spanish speaking population, secondary dropout rate of males, secondary dropout rates of females, and inequality in years of education. Through the lens of principal components, spatial dependence, and regionalization methods, the municipalities are endogenously classified according to their similarity in human capital constraints and geographical location. Results from the spatial dependence analysis indicate the specific location of significant hot spots (high-value clusters) and cold spots (low-value clusters). A regionalization analysis of the constraints indicates that Bolivia can be regionalized into seven or eight geographical regions. The article concludes discussing the potential complementary of these two analyses and their usefulness in identifying the location of policy priorities.
Spatial Diffusion of Civil Liberty
Authors: Chasco Coro , Lacalle-Calderon Maricruz , Alfonso-Gil Javier
Published: August 2021

This paper studies the existence of spatial diffusion of civil liberty among neighboring countries. For that purpose, we first combine different exploratory space-time data analysis approaches to find that this phenomenon is spatially clustered and that a convergence process is at work among the world countries from 1985 to 2010, with a structural change by the end of the Twentieth century mainly due to the appearance of the Internet. Second, we specify a spatial autoregressive panel data model for a sample of 130 countries, for 1985–2000, and 172 countries, for 2000–2010. Results provide evidence for spatial diffusion of civil liberty, though it is not constant along this time span. The spreading rate is 0.34 in the first sub-period. After 2000, it reduces to 0.21; that is, countries only “catch” 21% of the average changes in their neighbors’ civil liberty levels. Additionally, religious culture, urban agglomeration and GDP explain the levels of civil liberties in the world.