bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maßnahmenplan für Nachhaltige Wasserwirtschaft: Vorgehensweise, Ziele, Erkenntnisse
Authors: Walz Rainer , Böhm Eberhard , Hillenbrand Thomas
Published: March 2017

In den letzten Jahren sind Verschiebungen in den Problemlagen der Umweltpolitik zu beobachten, die mit Schlagworten wie zunehmende Bedeutung globaler Umweltprobleme, Unsichtbarkeit oder Zeitverzug von “schleichenden” Umweltwirkungen sowie veränderte Verursacherprofile
(zum Beispiel zunehmende Bedeutung diffuser Stoffeinträge) charakterisiert werden können. Gleichzeitig wird mehr auf die Effizienz des Mitteleinsatzes geachtet und – auch im Hinblick auf die beschränkte Steuerungsfähigkeit des Staates – die Notwendigkeit einer
auf Konsens bedachten Vorgehensweise postuliert. National und international wird von unterschiedlichen Seiten gefordert, die zukünftige Umweltpolitik stärker am Leitbild einer Nachhaltigen Entwicklung auszurichten. Diese Tendenzen mehren die Komplexität der Umweltpolitik und
verlangen hier eine strategische, zukunftsbezogene Vorgehensweise, wie sie unter den Schlagwörtern “strategische Umweltplanung” oder “Erstellen von Maßnahmenplänen” diskutiert wird. Das betrifft auch und nicht zuletzt den Gewässerschutz. Dabei stellt
sich die Frage, welche Vorgehensweise im konkreten Fall gewählt werden soll. Können Umweltziele als Ansatzpunkt für die Ableitung des Handlungsbedarfs - und damit zur Strukturierung eines Maßnahmenplans - genutzt werden? Welche Kriterien sind für die Beurteilung und
Klassifikation von Maßnahmen heranzuziehen? Welche Politikinstrumente sind erforderlich, welche Akteure werden gefordert? Lassen sich auf einer aggregierten, strategischen Betrachtungsebene bereits Erkenntnisse über notwendige Maßnahmenschwerpunkte und die Möglichkeiten
einer Zielerreichung gewinnen? Abstract & Keywords → p. 317
Was hindert uns daran, umweltfreundlich zu handeln? Eine psycologische Perspektive.
Authors: Kast Sybille Wölfing
Published: March 2017

Ausgehend von einem Analyseschema, in dem verschiedene Kategorien von Hindernissen für umweltfreundliches Handeln dargestellt sind, werden psychologische Faktoren erörtert, die Einzelpersonen und Gruppen am umweltfreundlichen Handeln hindern. Dabei kommen Prozesse, wie
die Aneignung adäquaten Wissens um komplexe ökologische Zusammenhänge, der Umsetzung des Wertes Umweltfreundlichkeit in konkrete Handlungsziele, sowie der Verantwortungsübernahme zur Sprache. Abstract & Keywords → p. 317
Die Allmende als Chance: Nachhaltige Landschaftsentwicklung mit Hilfe von institutionellen Ressourcenregimen
Authors: Lenhard Vera Christine , Rodewald Raimund
Published: March 2017

Individualismus versus kollektive Verantwortung, staatliche Interventionen versus freier Markt, private Interessen versus öffentliche Interessen. In diesen scheinbar unvereinbaren Gegensätzen droht die Landschaft als begrenzte Ressource gänzlich aufgerieben zu werden.
Das Ziel der nachhaltigen Entwicklung kann nur dann erreicht werden, wenn die Ressourcennutzung über geeignete Ressourcenregime beeinflußt und gesteuert wird. Der vorliegende Aufsatz geht der Frage nach, welchen Beitrag Allmende-Regime und ,,common property rights" zu einer nachhaltigen
Landschaftsentwicklung leisten könnten.
Die Bedeutung moralischen Handelns für die Umweltpolitik
Authors: Kirchgässner Gebhard
Published: March 2017

Daß es moralisch ist, die natürliche Umwelt zu erhalten, dürfte kaum bestritten werden. Es fehlt auch nicht an moralischen Appellen zum Schutz der Umwelt. Trotzdem belasten wir Luft, Wasser und Boden zunehmend mit Schadstoffen, das heißt wir handeln in vielen Fällen
unserem eigenen moralischen Anspruch zuwider. Die Frage ist freilich, in welchen Situationen moralisches Handeln im Umweltbereich möglich und/oder notwendig ist. Die Auffassungen darüber gehen weit auseinander. Die vorliegende Arbeit, die sich mit dieser Frage beschäftigt, zeigt
auf, daß die Bedeutung moralischen Handelns für eine wirksame Umweltpolitik größer ist, als Ökonomen typischerweise annehmen, aber dennoch geringer, als zumindest manche Ethiker vermuten.
Wohin führt die Entwicklung der Analysemethoden für nachhaltige Finanzdienstleistungen?
Authors: Schaltegger Stefan , Figge Frank
Published: March 2017

The actors on financial markets are becoming increasingly interested and involved in issues relating to sustainable development. This is firstly due to the impact of environmental and social aspects on the economic performance of financial investments and, secondly, because of the impact
of financial decisions on sustainable development. This article shows how environmental and social aspects have been considered in the research for and the design and promotion of socially responsible investments (SRI) in the past. Whereas the consideration of ecological issues has shifted
from an isolated investigation to an integrated efficiency-oriented analysis, the analysis of social issues is still isolated and geared towards the maximization of social claims. If sustainable development is to cover the integration of economic, social and environmental aspects and to overcome
potential conflicts between these dimensions, the research and design of sustainable investment products has to be oriented towards efficiency. In consequence there will be no really sustainable investment product as long as social efficiency and stakeholder value are not measured and integrated
with eco-efficiency to measure sustainability efficiency.
Life Cycle Assessment Without Time? Time Matters in Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Held Martin , Klöpffer Walter
Published: March 2017

Life cycle assessment (LCA) often seems to be "timeless", since it compares functional units of analysed alternatives per se. It is demonstrated that temporal aspects enter LCAs, however, in all main components from goal definition and scoping to valuation in an ad hoc manner; in fact,
it cannot be without time. Its methodology and practical relevance could be improved substantially by addressing temporal issues explicitly. Proposals on the integration of time aspects into LCA are made taking into account results of ecological time research.
Risikokommunikation und die Risiken der Kommunikation wissenschaftlichen Wissens: Zum gesellschaftlichen Umgang mit Nichtwissen
Authors: Bechmann Gotthard , Stehr Nico
Published: March 2017

The scientific discourse on risk that has been carried out for many years now has drawn attention to the fact that the conventional concept of risk based on the product of probability and extent of damage is not applicable to the risk of modern technologies (e.g. genetic engineering).
This is so because we are dealing with hypothetical dangers for which neither the possible extent of damage nor the probability of the occurrence of accidents may be calculated in any exact sense in advance. In the form of technically and ecologically induced risks uncertainty – in relation
to the consequences – has become a basic contentious problem of modern society viewed as a knowledge society. Decisions with regard to uncertainty can only be made as part of social processes or hypothetical situations. Processing uncertainty, ambiguity and impossibility is the most
distinctive characteristic of future-oriented decision making and risk communication.
Eine neue Idee: Kulturschutzgebiete
Authors: Ortlam Dieter
Published: March 2017

Jedes Wörterbuch kennt 'Naturschutzgebiet'. Aber 'Kulturschutzgebiet': Fehlanzeige. Zu verstehen wäre darunter eine Möglichkeit, den außerordentlichen Wissensbestand und die Kulturgüter eingeborener Völker für die Menschheit zu bewahren und weiter
zu entwickeln. Dieser Beitrag widmet sich den indigenen Völkern unserer Erde. Es geht um jene, die überlebt haben, und um das Gedenken an jene, die nach unsäglichem Leid – einschließlich ihres Wissens – von dieser Erde verbannt wurden.
PENDEKATAN FILSAFAT ILMU DALAM UJI KONSTITUSIONALITAS TEMBAK MATI SEBAGAI EKSEKUSI PIDANA MATI (TELAAH PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSITUSI NO. 21/PUU-VI/2008)
Authors: Kadafi Muhammad
Published: March 2017

Ilmu hukum yang holistik tidak bisa bekerja sendiri dengan memfokuskan pada peraturan (rule) melainkan juga pada perilaku. Ilmu hukum yang mengisolasikan diri dari keterkaitannya dengan disiplin ilmu lain akan memiliki penjelasan yang sangat kurang. Jika di hubungkan dengan argumentasi Pemohon dan dasar pertimbangan dalam Putusan MK No. 21/PUU-VI/2008 terkait uji konstitusionalitas tembak mati sebagai eksekusi pidana mati setidaknya terpenuhi. Dalam hal ini Pemohon mengajukan Saksi beserta berbagai ahli berdasarkan pengalaman dan keahliannya masing-masing. Ada Rohaniawan, Ahli Anastesi, Ahli Bedah Orthopedi, Ahli Hukum Islam, dan Ahli Hukum Pidana. Tidak ketinggalan pula dari pihak Pemerintah juga memberikan keterangan dalam persidangan. Dimana keterangan-keterangan tersebut sebagian digunakan sebagai dasar pertimbangan untuk mengambil keputusan oleh Mahkamah.
KEBIJAKAN HUKUM PIDANA DALAM MENANGGULANGI PENYALAHGUNAAN BBM SUSBSIDI DI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
Authors: Agung Susilo Sigit
Published: March 2017

Kebijakan formulasi tindak pidana penyalahgunaan BBM subsidi dan penerapan sanksi pidana dimasa yang akan datang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif.Penelitian ini diharapkan memuat secara jelas dan lengkap mengenai sanksi pidana yang dijatuhkan terhadap individu dan badan hukum. Ancaman hukuman terhadap pejabat yang mengeluarkan ijin tidak sah atau menyalahgunakan kekuasaan. Sanksi pidana hendaknya dirumuskan tidak kaku kumulatif namun lebih ﬂeksibel dengan perumusan alternatif atau kumulatifalternatif.
PERAN BANK INDONESIA DALAM PENERBITAN OBLIGASI DAN SURAT UTANG DAERAH
Authors: Budiyono Tri
Published: March 2017

Dalam rangka memenuhi kebutuhan dana (baca: Anggaran Pendapatan dan BelanjaDaerah/APBD), Pemerintah Daerah sebagai pemegang otonomi memiliki kewenangan untuk menerbitkan surat utang (obligasi). Oleh karena penerbitan obligasi daerah dapat mempengaruhi keuangan Negara secara makro, maka pada setiap penerbitan obligasi daerah harus mendapatkan persetujuan dari Bank Indonesia (BI). Relasi kelembagaan dalam penerbitan obligasi daerah ini memunculkan konstruksi pemikiran tentang keterhubungan Pemerintah Daerah-BI. Bertitik tolak pada prinsip asas negara kesatuan, maka interpretasi analogik dapat dipergunakan untuk menjelaskan keterhubungan Pemerintah dengan BI sebagai model keterhubungan antara Pemerintah Daerah dan (perwakilan) BI di daerah. Dalam hal ini, yang harus diperhatikan bukan hanya pada proses, tetapi harus pula memperhatikan akibatakibat yang dapat diperkirakan dari penerbitan obligasi daerah tersebut.
ANALISIS YURIDIS NIKAH BEDA AGAMA MENURUT HUKUM ISLAM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Islamiyati Islamiyati
Published: March 2017

Nikah beda agama adalah pernikahan yang dilakukan oleh pasangan yang beda agamanya, dan salah satunya beragama non Islam. Menurut aturan yuridis di Indonesia yakni UU Perkawinan No.1/1974 Pasal 2 Ayat (1) dan Pasal 8 Huruf (f), KHI Inpres No. 1/1991 Pasal 40 Poin (c), 44 dan 118, menetapkan bahwa perkawinan beda agama dalam segala bentuknya haram, kecuali terjadi penyamaan keimanan bagi pasangan. Akibat hukumnya adalah perkawinan menjadi batal apabila ada pihak yang mengajukan permohonan pembatalan pernikahan kepada hakim, dan keputusan hakim telah mempunyai kekuatan hukum tetap.
Investigating longitudinal pragmatic development of complaints made by Chinese EFL learners
Authors: Yuan Zhou-min , Zhang Runhan
Published: March 2017

Few studies have investigated the development of L2 complaints. This paper reports on a longitudinal study of L2 complaints produced by Chinese university English learners based on their performance of a discourse completion task consisting of 18 complaint scenarios in terms of power (+P, =P, −P) and social distance (−D, =D, +D), supplemented by a delayed retrospective verbal report. Data were collected twice, over two academic years. The results indicate that students in these two ‘phases’ showed broadly similar patterns of sociopragmatic competence in terms of their ability to calibrate complaints to complainees’ (addressees’) position on power and social distance continua. However, as to internal modifications, learners in Phase 2 used significantly more lexical and syntactic downgraders than in Phase 1 at all levels of power and social distance except for syntactic downgraders at +D and =D; they only used significantly more lexical upgraders at −D. As for external modifications, the findings also showed significantly different patterns in the use of pre-moves at all levels and post-moves at all levels except at −P. Increase of English proficiency and a certain degree of explicit pragmatic instruction may have contributed to Chinese EFL learners’ pragmatic development. Implications for pragmatic instruction are also discussed.
Biotechnological applications of the red alga Furcellaria lumbricalis and its cultivation potential in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Kersen Priit , Paalme Tiina , Pajusalu Liina , Martin Georg
Published: March 2017

There is a growing need for diversification of seaweed aquaculture practices in Europe. In the Baltic Sea, very few seaweed species are utilised commercially, and only the kelp
miRNA analysis in pancreatic cancer: the Dartmouth experience
Authors: Abreu Francine B. de , Liu Xiaoying , Tsongalis Gregory J.
Published: March 2017

Pancreatic cancer is considered one of the most lethal cancers being the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in adults in the United States because of the lack of early signs and symptoms and the lack of early detection. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common histological type among pancreatic cancers, representing 80%–90% of all solid tumors of the pancreas. The majority of PDAC develops from three precursor lesions: pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, intraductual papillary mucinous neoplasm and mucinous cystic neoplasm. Although histologic tissue evaluation remains the gold standard for diagnosis, endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration has become the preferred modality for obtaining pathologic confirmation. At Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (DHMC),we have developed and validated a microRNA (miRNA) panel for patients with pancreatic diseases that can be used in association with the gold standard method for diagnosis. miRNAs have an important role in biological processes, such as apoptosis, metabolism, cell growth and differentiation. In cancer, miRNAs can be classified as either oncogenic or tumor suppressor according to their function in the carcinogenic process. In this study, we describe the expression of many miRNA in benign and malignant pancreatic tissues as well as their clinical significance. For this reason, miRNAs have been considered potential biomarkers of pancreatic diseases that could potentially contribute to an early diagnosis, predict disease progression, accurately monitor disease, contribute to better treatment strategies and reduce mortality by improving disease management.
Chemical effects of a mild torrefaction on the wood of eightEucalyptusspecies
Authors: Araújo Solange de Oliveira , Neiva Duarte M. , Gominho Jorge , Esteves Bruno , Pereira Helena
Published: March 2017

The torrefaction is a thermal pre-treatment to improve biomass quality for biofuel applications. In this study, the effects of a mild torrefaction (T) on eight eucalypt species (Eucalyptus botryoides, E. globulus, E. grandis, E. maculata, E. propinqua, E. rudis, E. salignaandE. viminalis) have been compared. Namely, the mass loss (ML), the equilibrium moisture content (EMC), density and chemical composition were determined and FTIR spectra were recorded of the initial and torrefied woods (TWs). The average ML was 11% and the heat-treated woods had an overall 10% density decrement. All the TW had 50% lower EMC compared to untreated wood samples (W). Elemental composition showed that carbon content increased from 48% to 53% and the oxygen/carbon ratio decreased from 0.80 to 0.65. The chemical changes induced by T included an increment of extractives, a 20% higher lignin content and a 16% lower holocellulose content in relation to W. The hemicelluloses modification is manifested by a decrease of xylose, galactose, and acetyl groups in TWs. The fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the different wood species were very similar, and reflected in a uniform manner the chemical changes upon T. Because of the similar reaction of the eucalypt species, they can also be used in form of mixed eucalypt feedstock as biofuel.
The combined effects of initial microfibrillar angle and moisture contents on the tensile mechanical properties and angle alteration of wood foils during tension
Authors: Wang Hankun , Yu Zixuan , Zhang Xuexia , Ren Dan , Yu Yan
Published: March 2017

The combined effects of initial microfibril angle (MFA) and moisture content (MC) on the longitudinal tensile properties of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) wood foils has been investigated. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRDsyn) combined with a custom-built microtensile device was applied for in situ monitoring of the MFA alterations in the foils under different initial MFAs and MCs conditions. The results demonstrate that the tensile properties are highly negatively correlated to both MFA and MC. Furthermore, the tensile modulus is more sensitive to MC change than tensile strength. At a higher MFA, the sensitivity of the two mechanical indicators to MC alteration is enhanced.
Effects of thermo-hygro-mechanical (THM) treatment on the viscoelasticity of in-situ lignin
Authors: Guo Juan , Yin Jiangping , Zhang Yonggang , Salmén Lennart , Yin Yafang
Published: March 2017

For producing wood products without fractures based on thermo-hygro-mechanical (THM) treatments, it is essential to understand how steaming and compression change the wood softening and cell wall components. In this paper, the effects of compression combined with steam treatment (CS) on the viscoelasticity of the in-situ lignin of Chinese fir has been investigated through dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) under fully saturated conditions. Several variations were studied, such as the softening temperature (Tg) and apparent activation energy (ΔHa) of the softening process in response to CS treatment conditions (such as steam temperature and compression ratio) under separate consideration of earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW). No difference between EW and LW with respect to the viscoelasticity was noted. Tg and ΔHa of the lignin softening were nearly unaffected by the compression ratio, but were highly influenced by the steam temperature. The Tg decreased significantly with CS treatments at or above 160oC, but showed no appreciable change, compared to the native wood, at the lower steaming temperature of 140oC. ΔHa increased at higher steam temperatures, while ΔHa showed a decreasing tendency with decreasing Tg. This indicates that lignin undergoes a simultaneous depolymerization as well as a condensation during CS treatment.
Bio-banding in Sport: Applications to Competition, Talent Identification, and Strength and Conditioning of Youth Athletes
Authors: Cumming Sean P. , Lloyd Rhodri S. , Oliver Jon L. , Eisenmann Joey C. , Malina Robert M.
Published: March 2017

BIO-BANDING IS THE PROCESS OF GROUPING ATHLETES ON THE BASIS OF ATTRIBUTES ASSOCIATED WITH GROWTH AND MATURATION RATHER THAN CHRONOLOGICAL AGE. CHILDREN OF THE SAME AGE VARY CONSIDERABLY IN BIOLOGICAL MATURATION WITH SOME INDIVIDUALS MATURING IN ADVANCE OR DELAY OF THEIR PEERS. THE TIMING OF MATURATION HAS IMPORTANT IMPLICATIONS FOR COMPETITION, TALENT IDENTIFICATION, AND TRAINING. INCREASED AWARENESS AND INTEREST IN THE SUBJECT OF MATURATION HAS SPARKED A RENEWED INTEREST IN THE STUDY AND APPLICATION OF BIO-BANDING. THIS OVERVIEW DESCRIBES THE PURPOSE AND PROCESS OF BIO-BANDING, POTENTIAL BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS, AND DESCRIBES SOME RECENT ADVANCES IN ITS APPLICATION IN YOUTH SPORTS.
Unilateral Dumbbell Clean and Jerk
Authors: O'Reilly Lori , Kerksick Chad M. , Feutz Betsy
Published: March 2017

OLYMPIC-STYLE LIFTS OFFER A NUMBER OF BENEFITS INCLUDING THE ABILITY TO INCREASE POWER AND ENHANCE NEUROMUSCULAR COORDINATION. THE UNILATERAL DUMBBELL CLEAN AND JERK ADDS A VARIATION TO THE TRADITIONAL, BILATERAL, BARBELL-BASED VERSION OF THE MOVEMENT THAT CAN BE USED TO ENHANCE STABILITY AND COORDINATION.
Growth Plate Injuries in Children in Sports: A Review of Sever's Disease
Authors: Naaktgeboren Kaitlin , Dorgo Sandor , Boyle Jason B.
Published: March 2017

SEVER'S DISEASE IS A CONDITION IN CHILDREN THAT MAY BE THE RESULT OF OVERUSE. WITH SPORT INVOLVEMENT ON THE RISE AND AN INCREASING NUMBER OF TRAINING CAMPS, FACILITIES, AND PROGRAMS AVAILABLE FOR CHILDREN OVERUSE INJURIES HAVE MULTIPLIED. THE PRESENT ARTICLE AIMS TO REVIEW THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SEVER'S DISEASE THROUGH SYNTHESIZING AVAILABLE INFORMATION, AND TO PROVIDE GUIDELINES TO RECOGNIZE, TREAT, AND PREVENT POTENTIAL CASES OF SEVER'S DISEASE.
Experimental Research on the Influence of an Empty-Hole Defect on Crack Connections Between a Directionally Fractured Blast Hole
Authors: Wang Y.
Published: March 2017

In this work, we examine the distribution characteristics of a dynamic stress field surrounding an empty hole, as well as the influence of an empty hole on the dynamic behavior of main crack expansion caused by an explosion between double blast holes from a blast load effect by utilizing a new digital laser dynamic caustics (DLDC) experimental system. The results show that the two face-to-face expanded main cracks are deflected toward the empty hole and connect at the empty hole as a result of the influence of the guiding role of the empty hole. The influence of increasing the size of the empty hole on the orientation of the principle stress surrounding the empty hole is found to be ambiguous. The expansion speed and stress-intensity factor of the main crack tips in each case are analyzed. Moreover, the average expansion speed of the main crack for different shapes of empty holes are compared.
Rheo-Dielectric Effects in Three Types of Dark Chocolate With Different Compositions
Authors: Peng Y. Y. , Chen X. , Wang X. C. , Wang N. , Li H. M. , Turng L.-S. , Wang Q.
Published: March 2017

Dielectrostriction is a rheo-dielectric phenomenon, which reflects the variation of dielectric properties of a material with deformation. It is a fundamental property of any dielectric material, including polymers and many foods. A linear relationship has been found between the change in the dielectric constants and stresses for polymers and a chocolate spread, which is named the stress-dielectric rule. This study explored the dielectrostriction responses in three types of dark chocolate with different compositions in an oscillatory shear flow. The results revealed that the stress-dielectric rule holds well for all three types of chocolate, and the dielectrostricive response is much more sensitive than the rheological response to changes in the chocolate composition. These findings suggested that dielectrostriction measurements are a novel approach for rheological property studies, and can be developed into a powerful tool for chocolate process monitoring.
Analysis of Incubation Period Versus Surface Topographical Parameters in Liquid Droplet Erosion Tests
Authors: Tobin E. F. , Young T. M.
Published: March 2017

A novel approach to identifying the incubation time in liquid droplet eroded materials/coatings was explored by using metrological methods. Links were investigated between surface texture characteristics and the ending of the incubation period. The usual practice within erosion testing is to record the change in mass of the sample or to observe the appearance of the sample to establish an estimate of the time to failure. The primary objectives of this work were to: (1) measure and compare surface topographical parameters of eroded surfaces in both two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D); (2) identify parameters that could be used consistently and were robust in terms of noise filtering; and (3) analyze the relationship between the incubation period and the variation of the surface topographical parameters. The failure mode of the coating was the most important aspect in the relationship between the two factors investigated. AA2024-T3 clad was shown to have a progressive damage mechanism, due to its ductile nature. The relationship between the PSa (arithmetic mean surface area primary profile) values and the mass loss values was seen to be linear after the incubation period. However, the analyses of the erosion protection coatings showed different failure mechanisms that were not generally preceded by significant changes to the surface condition. The 2D data was seen to be relevant when compared to the 3D areal surface parameters. The incubation period can be identified in certain liquid droplet eroded materials by using the surface topographical data and comparing to experimental results.
KULLANICILARININ AKILLI TELEFONLARI DEĞERLENDİRMELERİ: KASTAMONU ŞEHİR MERKEZİNDE BİR UYGULAMA THE USERS’ EVALUATIONS ABOUT THE SMARTPHONES: AN APPLICATION AT KASTAMONU CITY CENTRE
Authors: Taner Neslişah
Published: March 2017

In recent years, mobile phones are turned into smart phones that is known multimedia machine   from interpersonal device.These devices  known smartphones are programmable mobile phones that  offer advanced talent and features  to  consumers in their personal and business lives.In  rapidly changing mobile phone market, new generation smart phone producers  incline consumers  with also being under the sway of social influence to buy and use this new  technology .It has an important  to establish smart phones offered as multi functional devices with different features   in terms of   which criteria  of them are prefered and which features whether used or not by their consumers. The purpose of this paper is to assess smartphones in terms of their users. As a result of literature review, smartphones assesment criterias that are social needs, social influences,convenience,dependency and purchase behaviour are surveyed .200 smartphone users live in the city centre of Kastamonu are surveyed in this study.  Results via  frequency analysis,Stage Ranking Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis  revealed the consumers’ smartphone preference reasons,usage  and dependendency level.Factors in the literature are confirmed by the confirmatory analysis.  Results via MANOVA analysis reveal that there are differences between smartphone users consideration in terms of their demographic features.
Genomic Comparison of Indigenous African and Northern European Chickens Reveals Putative Mechanisms of Stress Tolerance Related to Environmental Selection Pressure
Authors: Fleming Damarius S , Weigend Steffen , Simianer Henner , Weigend Annett , Rothschild Max , Schmidt Carl , Ashwell Chris , Persia Mike , Reecy James , Lamont Susan J
Published: March 2017

Global climate change is increasing the magnitude of environmental stressors, such as temperature, pathogens, and drought, that limit the survivability and sustainability of livestock production. Poultry production and its expansion is dependent upon robust animals that are able to cope with stressors in multiple environments. Understanding the genetic strategies that indigenous, noncommercial breeds have evolved to survive in their environment could help to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying biological traits of environmental adaptation. We examined poultry from diverse breeds and climates of Africa and Northern Europe for selection signatures that have allowed them to adapt to their indigenous environments. Selection signatures were studied using a combination of population genomic methods that employed FST, integrated haplotype score (iHS), and runs of homozygosity (ROH) procedures. All the analyses indicated differences in environment as a driver of selective pressure in both groups of populations. The analyses revealed unique differences in the genomic regions under selection pressure from the environment for each population. The African chickens showed stronger selection toward stress signaling and angiogenesis, while the Northern European chickens showed more selection pressure toward processes related to energy homeostasis. The results suggest that chromosomes 2 and 27 are the most diverged between populations and the most selected upon within the African (chromosome 27) and Northern European (chromosome 2) birds. Examination of the divergent populations has provided new insight into genes under possible selection related to tolerance of a population’s indigenous environment that may be baselines for examining the genomic contribution to tolerance adaptions.
Estimating Seven Coefficients of Pairwise Relatedness Using Population-Genomic Data
Authors: Ackerman Matthew S , Johri Parul , Spitze Ken , Xu Sen , Doak Thomas G , Young Kimberly , Lynch Michael
Published: March 2017

Population structure can be described by genotypic-correlation coefficients between groups of individuals, the most basic of which are the pairwise relatedness coefficients between any two individuals. There are nine pairwise relatedness coefficients in the most general model, and we show that these can be reduced to seven coefficients for biallelic loci. Although all nine coefficients can be estimated from pedigrees, six coefficients have been beyond empirical reach. We provide a numerical optimization procedure that estimates all seven reduced coefficients from population-genomic data. Simulations show that the procedure is nearly unbiased, even at 3× coverage, and errors in five of the seven coefficients are statistically uncorrelated. The remaining two coefficients have a negative correlation of errors, but their sum provides an unbiased assessment of the overall correlation of heterozygosity between two individuals. Application of these new methods to four populations of the freshwater crustacean Daphnia pulex reveal the occurrence of half siblings in our samples, as well as a number of identical individuals that are likely obligately asexual clone mates. Statistically significant negative estimates of these pairwise relatedness coefficients, including inbreeding coefficients that were typically negative, underscore the difficulties that arise when interpreting genotypic correlations as estimations of the probability that alleles are identical by descent.
Exploring Evolutionary Relationships Across the Genome Using Topology Weighting
Authors: Martin Simon H , Van Belleghem Steven M
Published: March 2017

We introduce the concept of topology weighting, a method for quantifying relationships between taxa that are not necessarily monophyletic, and visualizing how these relationships change across the genome. A given set of taxa can be related in a limited number of ways, but if each taxon is represented by multiple sequences, the number of possible topologies becomes very large. Topology weighting reduces this complexity by quantifying the contribution of each taxon topology to the full tree. We describe our method for topology weighting by iterative sampling of subtrees (Twisst), and test it on both simulated and real genomic data. Overall, we show that this is an informative and versatile approach, suitable for exploring relationships in almost any genomic dataset. Scripts to implement the method described are available at http://github.com/simonhmartin/twisst.
Rapid Adaptation of a Polygenic Trait After a Sudden Environmental Shift
Authors: Jain Kavita , Stephan Wolfgang
Published: March 2017

Although many studies have shown that a population initially well adapted to its environment can evolve rapidly when conditions suddenly change, the...

Although a number of studies have shown that natural and laboratory populations initially well adapted to their environment can evolve rapidly when conditions suddenly change, the dynamics of rapid adaptation are not well understood. Here a population genetic model of polygenic selection is analyzed to describe the short-term response of a quantitative trait after a sudden shift of the phenotypic optimum. We provide explicit analytical expressions for the timescales over which the trait mean approaches the new optimum. We find that when the effect sizes are small relative to a scaled mutation rate, small to moderate allele frequency changes occur in the short-term phase in a synergistic fashion. In contrast, selective sweeps, i.e., dramatic changes in the allele frequency, may occur provided the size of the effect is sufficiently large. Applications of our theoretical results to the relationship between QTL and selective sweep mapping and to tests of fast polygenic adaptation are discussed.
A Cre Transcription Fidelity Reporter Identifies GreA as a Major RNA Proofreading Factor in Escherichia coli
Authors: Bubunenko Mikhail G , Court Carolyn B , Rattray Alison J , Gotte Deanna R , Kireeva Maria L , Irizarry-Caro Jorge A , Li Xintian , Jin Ding J , Court Donald L , Strathern Jeffrey N , Kashlev Mikhail
Published: March 2017

We made a coupled genetic reporter that detects rare transcription misincorporation errors to measure RNA polymerase transcription fidelity in Escherichia coli. Using this reporter, we demonstrated in vivo that the transcript cleavage factor GreA, but not GreB, is essential for proofreading of a transcription error where a riboA has been misincorporated instead of a riboG. A greA mutant strain had more than a 100-fold increase in transcription errors relative to wild-type or a greB mutant. However, overexpression of GreB in ΔgreA cells reduced the misincorporation errors to wild-type levels, demonstrating that GreB at high concentration could substitute for GreA in RNA proofreading activity in vivo.
F-Box Protein XREP-4 Is a New Regulator of the Oxidative Stress Response in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Wu Cheng-Wei , Wang Ying , Choe Keith P
Published: March 2017

The transcription factor SKN-1 (Skinhead family member-1) in Caenorhabditis elegans is a homolog of the mammalian Nrf-2 protein and functions to promote oxidative stress resistance and longevity. SKN-1 mediates protection from reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the transcriptional activation of genes involved in antioxidant defense and phase II detoxification. Although many core regulators of SKN-1 have been identified, much remains unknown about this complex signaling pathway. We carried out an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis screen and isolated six independent mutants with attenuated SKN-1-dependent gene activation in response to acrylamide. All six were found to contain mutations in F46F11.6/xrep-4 (xenobiotics response pathways-4), which encodes an uncharacterized F-box protein. Loss of xrep-4 inhibits the skn-1-dependent expression of detoxification genes in response to prooxidants and decreases survival of oxidative stress, but does not shorten life span under standard culture conditions. XREP-4 interacts with the ubiquitin ligase component SKR-1 and the SKN-1 principal repressor WDR-23, and knockdown of xrep-4 increases nuclear localization of a WDR-23::GFP fusion protein. Furthermore, a missense mutation in the conserved XREP-4 F-box domain that reduces interaction with SKR-1 but not WDR-23 strongly attenuates SKN-1-dependent gene activation. These results are consistent with XREP-4 influencing the SKN-1 stress response by functioning as a bridge between WDR-23 and the ubiquitin ligase component SKR-1.
Optimasi Kondisi Pemisahan Glibenklamid Kombinasi Metformin dengan KCKT-SPE MIP Akrilamid
Authors: Hasanah Aliya Nur
Published: March 2017

Telah dilakukan dan divalidasi metode analisis glibenklamid dalam plasma menggunakan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi fase terbalik dengan pretreatment menggunakan SPE C-18 dan SPE-MIP monomer akrilamid. 1 mL metanol dan 1 mL akuabides digunakan sebagai conditioning agent, 1 mL metanol 5% dalam akuabides digunakan sebagai washing agent, dan 1 mL asetonitril digunakan sebagai eluting agent. Hasil ekstraksi dianalisis menggunakan kolom C18 (Shimadzu) 150 x 4,6 mm, ukuran partkel 5 µm, fase gerak 55:45  v/v asetonitril dan triflouro acid 0,1% dengan kecepatan alir 1 mL/menit, deteksi dilakukan pada 227 nm dengan standar internal gliklazid. Metode analisis divalidasi berdasarkan parameter linieritas, presisi, akurasi, selektivitas/spesifisitas, Limit of Detection (LOD), Limit of Quantification (LOQ) dan kesesuaian sistem. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode analisis yang digunakan memiliki validitas sesuai dengan yang dipersyaratkan dan SPE-MIP monomer akrilamid memberikan hasil ekstrasi yang lebih optimal dibandingkan dengan SPE C-18.
Formulasi Sampo Ekstrak Daun Teh Hijau (Camellia sinensis var. assamica)
Authors: Suryati Lia , Saptarini Nyi Mekar
Published: March 2017

Sampo digunakan untuk menghilangkan partikel yang tidak diinginkan, seperti minyak dan ketombe. Salah satu tanaman yang dapat digunakan sebagai sampo adalah teh hijau (Camellia sinensis var. assamica). Penelitian ini bertujuan membuat sampo ekstrak daun teh hijau yang stabil dan aman. Tahapan penelitian meliputi ekstraksi, penapisan fitokimia, formulasi sampo, uji stabilitas fisik meliputi organoleptik, pH, bobot jenis, viskositas, dan uji iritasi. Sampo diformulasikan dengan konsentrasi 5, 10, dan 15% ekstrak daun teh hijau dengan dan tanpa PEG-400. Ekstraksi menghasilkan rendemen sebesar 35%. Penapisan fitokimia menunjukkan simplisia dan ekstrak mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, dan tanin. Sampo ekstrak daun teh hijau berwarna coklat muda yang homogen dengan rentang pH 5,2-7,0, bobot jenis sebesar 0,93-1,10 g/mL, viskositas 1230-3910 cps, tetapi menyebabkan mata merah pada kelinci.
Evaluasi Fisikokimia Pati Canna indica L Modifikasi Esterifikasi dan Hidrolisis Asam
Authors: Putri Arlina Prima , Octari Trini , Annisa Nur , Gadri Amila , Aprilia Hilda
Published: March 2017

Pati dan turunnya memiliki ruang lingkup pemanfaatan yang sangat luas dalam berbagai bidang, keterbatasan aplikasinya terutama akibat kekurangan sifat fisikokimianya. Ada sejumlah metode modifikasi yang dapat dilakukan untuk menghasilkan pati dengan karakteristik yang diinginkan, diantaranya modifikasi dengan hidrolisis asam dan esterifikasi. Pati Canna indica L dihidrolisis menggunakan asam klorida dan untuk penambahan gugus ester digunakan asam asetat. Kedua proses konversi mempengaruhi karakteristik pati dengan mengubah kelarutan, sifat alir, daya pengembangan, rasio amilosa dan kestabilan termal dengan nilai yang berbeda-beda.
Osteophytes removal in patella versus lateral facetectomy of the patella in patella-retaining total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Moghtadaei Mehdi , Sajadi Mohammad Reza Miniator , Farahini Hossein , Yeganeh Ali
Published: March 2017

Background

In this study, the results of the partial lateral facetectomy of the patella to better patellofemoral motion and congruence are compared with the results of the osteophyte removal of the patella and neurectomy only in total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods

Data from 55 patients undergoing TKA with osteophytes removal of the patella and neurectomy only, and those undergoing osteophytes removal of the patella and neurectomy and partial lateral facetectomy were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by knee society score (KSS) and functional score of knee. Clinical anterior knee pain (AKP) rating and knee range of motion and extension lag were assessed for each patient.

Results

There was significant difference between two groups in AKP (p < 0.05), and the mean range of motion of the knee in groups 1 and 2 was 117° ± 9° and 116.6° ± 8.2°, respectively. Three (13%) patients of the reshaped patella group and three (11%) patients of the non-reshaped patella group had extension lag <10°, respectively. The mean KSS and knee functional scores showed no statistical difference between groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Partial lateral facetectomy of the patella can decrease AKP and can be used routinely for every patient that surgeon does not decide to resurface the patella.
Kidney remote ischemic preconditioning as a novel strategy to explore the accurate protective mechanisms underlying remote ischemic preconditioning
Authors: Tuorkey Muobarak J.
Published: March 2017

Introduction

This study reports a novel strategy for investigating the key factors responsible for the protective effect of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) against renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, which remains the leading cause of the acute kidney injury that increase the morbidity and mortality in patients with renal impairment.

Methods

The renal blood flow of the right kidneys in kidney remote ischemic preconditioning (KRIPC) group was occluded for 20 min. After 48 h, the renal blood flow of the left kidneys of both KRIPC and IPC groups was occluded for 30 min, and mice were dissected after 7 days of the last surgery. Blood samples were analyzed by an animal blood counter. The levels of creatinine, urea nitrogen, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide (NO), and high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) were estimated in the plasma of mice. Kidney slices were stained with 2% triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) to estimate the renal infarction.

Results

Unlike KRIPC group, data from IPC group revealed a massive reduction in neutrophils count, a significant increase in creatinine, urea nitrogen, and HDLs levels, and an increase in the renal infarction compared with control group.

Conclusion

This is the first study demonstrating KRIPC as a novel and applicable model with the goal of defining the accurate protective mechanisms underlying RIPC against IR injury.
Development of a consensus approach to upper limb rehabilitation early post stroke amongst a cohort of Western Australian therapists.
Authors: Garcia-Vega Jimena , Gregory Gillian , Lind Christopher R. P. , Singer Barbara J.
Published: March 2017

This study aimed to define commonly reported physiotherapy and occupational therapy terminology regarding rehabilitation interventions for moderate to severe upper limb deficits early post- stroke and to develop a consensus on ‘standard’ post-stroke upper limb rehabilitation across three stroke services. An audit was undertaken of all middle cerebral artery strokes admitted over a nine-month period to an acute tertiary hospital. Data were collected from 48 cases of middle cerebral artery stroke. Twenty four cases had moderate to severe upper limb impairment, and of these 16 were transferred to the two participating rehabilitation sites. A list of upper limb interventions documented in these 16 cases was distributed to therapists from the three participating sites (nine physiotherapists, 13 occupational therapists) who subsequently attended focus groups. Definitions for reported interventions were developed, collated and refined until group agreement was reached using a modified Delphi method. Approaches to upper limb rehabilitation varied according to therapists’ clinical experience and training background; however, definitions did not vary widely between services or disciplines. A consensus on ‘usual care’ for moderate to severe upper limb deficits within participating stroke services was developed from which a structured, individualised, impairment-based treatment template was produced for use in a subsequent interventional study.
Psychosocial correlates of physical activity levels in individuals at risk of developing diabetes mellitus: A feasibility study
Authors: Shields Caden , Baxter David , Mani Ramakrishnan
Published: March 2017

Recognition of psychosocial factors associated with physical activity (PA) levels will facilitate development of targeted behavioural interventions to promote PA. The aims of this feasibility study were to screen individuals at risk of diabetes mellitus (DM), to quantify their physical activity (PA) levels and to investigate the associations between PA levels, exercise self-efficacy (ESE), psychological flexibility (PF) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Twenty-six adults at risk of developing DM were recruited. Participants’ demographics, anthropometrics, ESE, PF and HRQoL, step counts using pedometers and self-reported PA levels (New Zealand physical activity questionnaire) over a 7-day period were collected. Participants’ mean (SD) age, weight and BMI were 41.4 (13.2) years, 71.4 (17.5) kgs, and 26.39 (8.41) kg/m2, respectively. Based on daily step counts, 32% of participants were classified as “low active”. Mean (SD) scores of ESE, PF, HRQOL: physical (PCS) and mental component scores (MCS) were 3.4 (0.9) and, 47.8 (6), 51.4 and 49.2, respectively. ESE and MCS scores were positively associated with vigorous PA minutes/week (R2 = 0.17; p = 0.04) and moderate PA minutes/week (R2 = 0.20; p = 0.03), respectively. This feasibility study highlights the potential association of positive psychosocial attributes in determining PA levels in a cohort of individuals at risk of developing DM.
“LAS REDES SEMÁNTICAS NATURALES COMO UN MÉTODO ALTERNATIVO PARA EL DIAGNOSTICO DE IMAGEN DE MARCA”
Authors: Urrego Jiménez Miguel Angel
Published: March 2017

La imagen de marca es una de los principales indicadores de la gestión de branding en las compañías y se define como el conjunto de asociaciones y percepciones que tienen las personas sobre las marcas (Aaker, 2010). En la actualidad existe múltiples métodos para su diagnóstico (Cian, 2011) que termina influenciando la formulación de las estrategias de identidad.

Una revisión de literatura evidencia la existencia de una técnica conocida como las Redes Semánticas Naturales, basada en las representaciones sociales (Mora, 2002) y que cumple con criterios cualitativos y cuantitativos que mediante una aplicación y análisis parsimoniosos podría surgir como un método óptimo para el diagnostico de imagen de marca.
INFLUENCIA DE LOS ATRIBUTOS DEL EMPAQUE EN LA DECISIÓN DE COMPRA DE MARCAS PROPIAS EN PRODUCTOS DE CAFÉ
Authors: López Aranda Paola Andrea
Published: March 2017

Este estudio tiene como objetivo comprender cómo influyen los atributos del empaque en la decisión de compra de marcas propias en la categoría de café. El interés de la investigación parte de la competencia entre marcas líderes vs marcas propias, ya que el portafolio en las diferentes marcas propias día a día va creciendo (Superintendencia de Industria y comercio, 2012b) y como un empaque ayuda a la decisión de compra ya sea de un producto de marca propia o una marca líder. Por otro lado, teniendo en cuenta que Colombia es un país cafetero (Superintendencia de Industria y comercio, 2012a), Se analizarán los atributos del empaque en productos de café, entre marcas propia y marcas lideres. Para la obtención de los datos se realizará como metodología el análisis sensorial, en este caso utilizaríamos la vista, donde se evaluará la percepción de los participantes en cuanto al empaque y cual comprarían dependiendo del tipo de empaque o envase.
La evolución de la adopción tecnológica de e-Business para las Pymes en Colombia
Authors: Guerrero Edward Jose
Published: March 2017

Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicaciones (TIC) tiene un gran impacto en las pequeñas y medianas empresas (Gazem & Abdul Rahman, 2014) Las pequeñas y medianas empresas son importantes en las economías locales como las mundiales. Unos de los principales retos para el futuro es fortalecer y preparar a las empresas en el área de los negocios en la economía digital (TIC, 2016). El propósito del trabajo es observar como las Pymes adoptan las tecnologías TIC, para el desarrollo económico del ámbito e-Business. La investigación tiene un enfoque investigativo con recopilación de datos.