bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
36‐1: 360‐degree Transparent Light Field Display with Highly‐Directional Holographic Screens for Fully Volumetric 3D Video Experience
Authors: Nakamura Tomoharu , Imai Yuriko , Yoshimizu Yuta , Kuramoto Koji , Kato Noriyuki , Suzuki Hiroshi , Nakahata Yuji , Nomoto Kazumasa
Published: August 2023

We have developed a novel 360‐degree transparent light field display with 120 viewpoints for fully volumetric 3D video experience. It was achieved by a rotating cylindrical transparent highly‐directional holographic screen and a high‐frame‐rate projector. It enables multiple people to simultaneously view bright and occlusion‐capable volumetric images from any direction.
37‐4: Invited Paper: Towards Small, Ultrahigh‐Definition Micro‐LED Displays Using Monolithic Vertically Stacked RGB LEDs
Authors: Fujiwara Yasufumi , Ichikawa Shuhei , Timmerman Dolf , Tatebayashi Jun
Published: August 2023

A novel red LED using Eu‐doped GaN is a promising component for next‐generation micro‐LED displays with small‐size, full‐color, and ultrahigh‐definition. The red LED exhibits narrow‐band red emission and the wavelength is almost independent of ambient temperature and injected current, and the efficiency remains almost constant even at a ultrasmall chip. Monolithic vertically stacked full‐color LEDs on a sapphire substrate is demonstrated.
38‐2: Ubiquitous Display with High Transparency Phosphor Dot Projection Film
Authors: Chen Cheng-Huan , Yao Po-Hung , Chang Kai-Wen , Kuo Tzu-Yu
Published: August 2023

A see‐through projection system with phosphor dot film has been proposed and demonstrated to provide clear and sharp image on any kind of object surface. The attached projection film will not disturb the original feature of the surface and in turn make a display with no clearly defined display frame.
39‐1: Designing High‐Sensitivity Optical Sensor for In‐Cell Fingerprint Sensor with Thick Cover Glass in OLED Display
Authors: Lai Chih-Chang , Wang Wei-Yu , Yuan Yi-Cheng , Hung Hao-Jen , Li Shao-Jung , Chen Cheng-Huan , Tai Ya-Hsiang , Liu Hua-Wei , Tang Yu-Ying , Chang Yao-Chung , Lin Ching-Chun
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we propose an in‐cell optical fingerprint sensor integrated with an OLED display, featuring a high‐sensitivity sensor that was determined through systematic evaluation. Feasibility of the proposed sensor and sensing circuit was verified through optical and electrical simulation. Additionally, three different approaches to increase the contrast and dynamic range of the identification unit were proposed, including embedding a lens element, exploiting color filters, and optimizing sensor location. Finally, the paper concludes with design considerations for promoting sensing accuracy.
39‐2: Ultra‐Thin Integrations of Optical Array Sensors with Displays and any Transparent Surface for Fingerprint Imaging and Beyond ‐ toward a Universal Sensor for Display
Authors: Huang Jian-Dong , Lin Chi-Hao , Wang Tian-Yang , Luo Ji , Yao I-An , Lee Te-Yu , Liu Yu-Tsung , Chang Tao-Sheng , Lin Po-Hsin , Chang Chih-Ying
Published: August 2023

An in‐screen ultra‐thin optical waveguide fingerprint sensing technology was demonstrated as an example of glass photonics (vs silicon photonics). It can be seamlessly integrated with OLED displays of phone devices or any other transparent surfaces for large area (or even full screen) in‐screen fingerprint sensing. Due to its unique optical designs with sensors facing the opposite side of the cover glasses, the fingerprint sensors can measure undistorted images with very high resistance to ambient light. The theory of optical designs and the system architecture of sensors are explained. A 1.1 inch sensor arrays were fabricated and integrated to OLED displays and transparent surfaces to verify the performances of the new fingerprint sensing technologies. It shows that the proposed system can successfully acquire the fingerprint images under 100,000Lux ambient light intensity.
39‐3: Pinhole Matrix Fingerprint on Display Technology for CFOT OLED Display
Authors: Zeng Yang , Zhu Shengtao , Wu Yaodong , Yao Qijun
Published: August 2023

The emerging Color Filter on Touch (CFOT) technology significantly reduces OLED module transmittance and hence obstructs the use of traditional optical fingerprint on display (FOD). In this work, we demonstrate the integration of pinhole‐based FOD with CFOT OLED, achieving high performance FOD and display simultaneously.
40‐3: Distinguished Paper: Reliable low‐power high‐performance low‐temperature polycrystalline thin‐film transistor technologies in bottom gate‐controlled device architectures for AMOLED displays
Authors: Kim Keunwoo , Sung Bummo , Kim Doona , Kim Sangsub , Kim Hanbit , Shin Jiyeong , Kwak Hyena , Lee Dokyeong , Seol Chanyoub , Choi Sanggun , Lim Jun Hyung , Kang Taewook , Lee Changhee
Published: August 2023

This paper presents recent process for bottom gate‐controlled low‐temperature polysilicon (LTPS) TFT technologies for reliable low‐power high‐performance AMOLED displays. Experimental and physics‐based analysis leads to the pragmatic device design concept for LTPS TFT performance enhancement. Process integration of bottom (second) gate and top (first) gate metals, controlled by optimal two gates‐based device structures, is explored in conjunction of improved poly crystallization and poly‐Si/gate‐oxide interface by reducing defect density‐of‐state (DOS), especially in the grain boundaries of the channel region. We obtain optimal device performance such as optimal sub‐threshold slope, high driver current (Ion), and low leakage current (Ioff), in addition to enhanced device reliability characteristics. Numerical device simulations, supplemented by physics‐based analysis, are performed to corroborate experimental results in fabricated TFTs, as well as gain more physical insight in the bottom‐gate LTPS device configuration, to enable reliable low‐power high‐performance AMOLED display applications.
41‐1: Invited Paper: Highly Efficient and Stable Deep‐blue Organic Light‐emitting Diode Using Phosphor‐sensitized Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence
Authors: Chu Changwoong , Kim Eungdo , Sun Jinwon , Park Junha , Ahn Heechoon , Ko Soo-Byung , Hwang Seok-Hwan , Kim Sunghan , Lee Changhee
Published: August 2023

Phosphorescent and thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been developed to overcome the relatively low efficiency of fluorescent OLEDs. However, device instability originating from triplet excitons and polarons limits the application of such blue OLEDs. Herein, we propose host and dopant molecules contributing to a longer device lifetime and higher color purity. Also, we discuss the devices with phosphorescence emitter (PhOLED) and phosphor‐sensitized TADF emitter (PST). Our PhOLED shows CIE‐y 0.197 and a long device lifetime of 150hrs at T95 of initial luminance of 1,000 nits. The PST shows CIE‐y 0.165 and a lifetime of 72.9hrs at the bottom‐emitting device. We will also discuss the device performance of top‐emitting structure with strong microcavity. These devices are achieved by suppressing triplet‐exciton‐ and polaron‐initiated degradation, while maximizing exciton utilization. The triplet exciton density of the TADF emitter was controlled by facilitating reverse intersystem crossing and Förster resonant energy transfer from a Pt phosphor working as a singlet exciton sensitizer. The polaron density was controlled by aligning the highest occupied molecular orbital level of the emitter and phosphor sensitizer.
42‐1: Perceptual Judgments of Simulated Low Temperatures in LCD based Vehicle Displays
Authors: Göreke Hande D. , Djupsjöbacka Anders , Schenkman Bo N. , Andrén Börje , Hermann David S. , Brunnström Kjell
Published: August 2023

A well‐known drawback with LCD‐displays in cold is a slow pixel response leading to poor picture quality. Low temperatures can constitute a hazard in viewing important displays in cars. Perceptual experiments with 20 test‐persons were conducted to find clear and acceptable ranges on screens simulating distortions in low temperatures. The results showed perception over clear and acceptable image quality was impaired beyond ‐20°C for the LCD‐screen in the experiments.
43‐3: AMOLED display Sandy Mura study and improvement
Authors: Tang Junjie , Fan Haoyuan , Wang Zifeng , Wang Yunzhi , Xiong Zhengping , Ma Dawei , Sun Fukun
Published: August 2023

There is a bad performance in the image quality of AMOLED
display, which is the graininess and the non‐uniformity brought
by the graininess. This phenomenon is called Sandy Mura in this
paper. After systematic research and analysis, Sandy Mura is
divided into three types. These three types of Sandy Mura interfere
with each other in observation and judgment, making adverse
improvement extremely difficult. In this study, the main elements
for several Sandy mura types were experimentally verified, and
their distinct mechanisms and models were developed. According
to the models, the improvement plan was proposed. After a series
of improvements, Sandy mura was finally effectively improved.
44‐3: Invited Paper: Metalens Array for Integral‐Imaging‐Based Near‐Eye Display
Authors: Fan Zhi-Bin , Cheng Yun-Fan , Liu Xia , Lu Wen-Long , Qin Zong , Dong Jian-Wen
Published: August 2023

We propose a novel integral‐imaging (II) based near‐eye display (NED) combined with high‐pixel‐density display screen, voxel‐based rendering method and nano‐imprint metalens array. The effect of depth of field in AR and VR of such II‐based NED is shown, and the 3D parallax effect on the real mode is demonstrated. We successfully miniaturize the II‐based NED which shows a great potential using in AR and VR.
44‐4: A Novel Architecture of HDR Display for AR, VR, and MR
Authors: Park Deoksoo , Song Byoungju , Kim Sunae , Kim Seungwan , Lee Sanghoon
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we introduce a novel DPU (Display Processing Unit) architecture for various virtual reality devices (AR, VR, and MR). The proposed architecture can more accurate data transfer from the image Renderer (e.g., GPU) to display device, however can achieve less area cost than conventional. Experiment results show that the image quality is improved entirely, and especially in low brightness region which is very critical in virtual reality devices. In addition, 49.32% area cost saving could be confirmed than conventional method in latest AP product synthesis condition.
46‐1: Invited Paper: Large Scale Outdoor Display Systems: Applications and Technology Trends
Authors: Wendler Brett , Mutschelknaus Shannon
Published: August 2023

Applications for Large Scale Outdoor Display Systems continue to expand and enable digital visual communication to an audience in more physical spaces than ever before. These displays can range in size from one to hundreds of square meters and must perform in challenging environmental conditions while meeting expectations for image quality and minimizing environmental impact. This paper will explore LED technologies that support today's applications and the technologies that may support future applications. LED and reflective technologies will be presented with the advantages and limitations highlighted by application
46‐4: Invited Paper: Digital Out Of Home Displays That Run Forever On Solar Energy
Authors: Oostra Doeke J. , van Aar Rajan , Marra Johan , van der Valk Pieter , Feil Hans
Published: August 2023

Etulipa demonstrates a full‐color reflective display based on Electrowetting display technology. The CMY color architecture yields very bright colors. The switching speed of electrowetting cells enable displaying of video content. Average power consumption is 7Watt/m 2 implying that the displays can run on solar systems without any need for external charging.
47‐1: Ambipolar Gap‐type a‐Si‐TFT Circuit Applied for a Color Ambient Light Sensor
Authors: Lin Chen-Yu , Yuan Yi-Cheng , Tai Ya-Hsiang , Tang Yu-Ying , Lai Chich-Chang , Lin Ching-Chun
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we proposed ambient light sensor (ALS) and color temperature sensor (CTS) circuit integrated in the edge of LCD display panel. The designed circuit is based on the thin film transistor (TFT) technology, the photo TFT can produce high photo current under light for sensor realizing ambient light from 0~50000Lux. Also, CTS circuit are based on ALS circuit but covered with color filter. The result shows that CTS can discriminate different color temperature in ambient light. The biggest advantage of this sensor is that it is compatible with TFT process in manufacturing, and it is small in size and high in efficiency. It has the potential to replace photodiode sensors.
47‐3: In‐Cell Ambient Light Sensors (ALSs) LCD Integration Using a‐Si TFT photo‐transistor and Four‐Mask Process Architecture Technology
Authors: Cho An-Thung , Dong Hao , Wei Chao , Yang Feng-yun , Li Wen-xin , Wang Ming-liang , Hsu James , Chen Wade
Published: August 2023

We have developed a new AMLCD with multiple ambient light sensors (ALSs) for reducing backlight (BL) power consumption, and false sensing of ambient illuminance. ALSs perform well in showing BL control for power‐saving, even though one of the sensors is covered by a finger shadow. Architecture of integrated ALS with a‐Si technologies are presented. We fabricate the in‐cell and wide‐dynamic‐sensing ALSs display using a‐Si photo‐transistor sensor technology. Photo‐electrical characteristics with well linearity and reliability under long‐term operation were observed.
48‐2: Vertical Oxide Semiconductor Transistor Suitable for High‐Resolution OLED Display
Authors: Saito Motoharu , Shishido Hideaki , Kawashima Susumu , Eguchi Shingo , Misawa Chieko , Mori Hidenori , Koezuka Emi , Kusunoki Koji , Okazaki Kenichi , Seo Norihiko , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: August 2023

We develop a vertical oxide semiconductor transistor and fabricate a 513‐ppi OLED display with RGB strip arrangement. A pixel has an internal compensation function and consists of vertical transistors etc. The process for the display is simpler than that using LTPO and should bring high resolution and low power consumption.
50‐1: Full area local dimming switchable privacy solution with color compensation
Authors: Murzyn Pawel , Totev Danail , Auger Elijah
Published: August 2023

Multi display cockpit designs are increasingly popular and aim to provide the content not only to the driver, but also the co‐driver (front seat passenger). This poses a potential safety risk of driver distraction by some content intended for co‐driver entertainment. One potential solution to address it, is switchable (active) privacy allowing to control the display viewing modes.
50‐3: Resolution lossless dual view displays base on direction backlight and time multiplexing
Authors: Qi Yongle , Xing Xiwang , Zhang Zhipeng , Pan Qiannan , Wang Fengping , Cui Dong , Yu Jie , Han Rui , Ma Qing , YOON Dae‐keun , Cai Site
Published: August 2023

A dual‐view display has been designed and made by using a double‐layer light guide plate (LGP) and timing multiplex technology. The directional backlight system consists of a reflector film, a leftward LGP, and a rightward LGP. The microdots of the two layers of the light guide plate is made up of wedge‐shaped structures with a different orientation. The timing multiplexing method of dual view display sends different images to the left and right sides separately by the difference in time. This summary establishes a dual view display system in the experiment. The direction back‐light function of the double‐layer LGP, the high‐speed refresh frequency of the LCD and the switching cooperation of the controller make the single screen realize the resolution lossless dual view display.
51‐4: Collimated Organic Molecular Beam Made by Triple Nozzle Evaporator
Authors: Kim Sungmoon , Chi Daejoon , Lee Taekgi , Jeon Jonghun
Published: August 2023

We developed triple nozzle evaporator that can make collimated organic molecular beam. We can reduce inner pressure below final nozzle 1/150 times lower than general evaporator by using triple nozzle structure and recycling path. As a results, the angular flux distribution of triple nozzle evaporator is similar with the cosine to the 100 th graph. And 80% of total flux are concentrated within only ±8° angle region. We expect that it will be helpful to achieve ultra‐high resolution in AMOLED AR/VR and increase material utilization in AMOLED mass production.
52‐2: Invited Paper: ChromaCorrect: Prescription Correction in Virtual Reality Headsets through Perceptual Guidance
Authors: Güzel Ahmet H. , Beyazian Jeanne , Chakravarthula Praneeth , Akşit Kaan
Published: August 2023

The enthusiasm for Virtual Reality (VR) brings forward the question of accessibility. Current hardware is not suitable for usage with prescription correction glasses despite the prevalence of refractive eye problems, and algorithmic solutions are not optimal. We tackle this issue by proposing a differentiable visual perception model that derives key insights from the human visual system, the target display, and the target user's eye refractive errors. Using our algorithmic approach, we optimize the rendered images using stochastic gradient‐descent solvers to provide contrast enhanced images at interactive rates for a visually impaired user.
52‐4: Distinguished Student Paper: Switchable polarization volume gratings for augmented reality waveguide displays
Authors: Li Yannanqi , Semmen John , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: August 2023

A new electrically driven polymer stabilized polarization volume grating (PVG) is developed. Such a switchable PVG exhibits submillisecond response time, large range of diffraction efficiency modulation, and high see‐through quality. Its potential applications, including significantly suppressed rainbow effect and enhanced light efficiency for a waveguide‐based augmented reality display are demonstrated.
53‐1: Invited Paper: Enhanced Performance of III‐Nitride‐Based Light‐Emitting Diodes Through Novel Band Engineering and Fabrication Technology
Authors: Liu Zhiyuan , Lu Yi , Li Xiaohang
Published: August 2023

III‐Nitride‐based light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are expected to be used in enormous and broad applications. In this paper, our novel band engineering and fabrication technologies are reviewed and discussed for pursuing higher device performance.
53‐2: Mini LED Emissive Display Product with Pitch 0.5mm Based on MIP Chips
Authors: Fan Qi , Sun Yuanhao , Ma Junjie , Tian Chao , Sun Haiwei
Published: August 2023

In this work, we design a new type of LED chips named MIP (Micro LED in package) chips which are composed of three or more sub‐pixel LED chips. Compared with traditional Micro LED chips, MIP can achieve EL measurement and high transfer yield. The structure and optical performance of MIP chips are demonstrated in this work. Moreover, based on MIP chips, we successfully made a Mini LED emissive display product with the pitch 0.5 mm. Such MIP chips provide a new choice for Mini LED display with small pixel pitch.
53‐3: High‐Efficiency MicroLED Displays Enabled Through PulseForge Assisted Die Transfer
Authors: Gavirneni Pranav P. , Rashid Roksana T. , Lee Czang‐Ho , Wong William S. , Turkani Vikram , Akhavan Vahid , Schroder Kurt
Published: August 2023

A pathway to scalable microLED mass‐transfer technology utiliz‐ing a PulseForge assisted die transfer process (PATP) was studied. PATP involves an intermediate glass carrier (IC) coated with an inorganic release layer to transfer an array of LEDs over a 150 mm×75 mm area. To demonstrate the feasibility of this process, an array of 15×15 µm 2blue microLEDs were integrated onto a sili‐con substrate. The transferred LEDs had a 55% peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) compared to a peak EQE of 26% for LEDs on sapphire substrates.
54‐2: Invited Paper: Novel Display Application beyond OLED: All‐in‐one Sensor Display
Authors: Kim Sunghan , Yoon Seokgyu , Kim Sung Wook , Choi Min‐Soo , Kim Hoilim , Lee Dae‐Young , Moon Seunghyun , Park Kyung‐Bae
Published: August 2023

Since OLED was first mass‐produced by Samsung Display, various researches related to OLEDs have been actively conducted and now days, People are using OLED displays every single day. As a next generation organic‐optoelectronic display, we suggest the All‐in‐one Sensor Display which can be used for fingerprint recognition, proximity sensor, illuminance sensing and photoplethysmogram which is an area of rapid interest in recent years. To demonstrate the All‐in‐one Sensor Display in entire display area, in this research, we successfully fabricated organic photodetectors (OPDs) in the OLED panels with our own materials, D‐01 and A‐01. Since designing a donor material and an acceptor material is key issue for high Signal to Noise ratio (SNR), we designed and synthesized the D‐01 and A‐01. With our own material based OPDs, All‐in‐one Sensor Display showed good characteristics and successfully recognized fingerprints. This research shows the possibility of the mass production of next organic diode and we believe that All‐in‐one Sensor Display will be the next display application beyond the OLEDs.
55‐2: Invited Paper: Quantum Dot Color Conversion for Displays
Authors: Plante Ilan Jen‐La , Barron Alain , Yamanaga Jay , Bautista Maria J. , Tillman Jason , Wang Xudong , Antoniadis Homer , Yurek Jeff
Published: August 2023

Quantum dot (QD) color conversion has recently been demonstrated in commercial QD‐OLED displays on the market exhibiting exceptional color gamut coverage, brightness, black levels, and viewing angles. To continue developing QDs for a wide range of future display technologies, two key aspects remain under study. First, how can blue light absorption be maximized for small pixel formats (<10 μm) requiring thin QD color conversion layers and second, as pixel sizes shrink and display brightness increases, how can these materials remain stable under high blue‐light excitation flux (up to 5W/cm 2)? Here we describe experiments addressing these two areas of continued development for heavy‐metal free QDs.
56‐5: HTR‐ADS—A Novel Ultra‐High Transmittance Display Mode
Authors: Zhou Xin , Zhang Liangwei , Gao Jilei , Zhang Wei , Dai Ke , Gao Yujie , Wang Zhangtao , Shao Xibin
Published: August 2023

Based on the characteristics of BOE's ADS display technology, the project innovatively adopts a novel display mode, High Transmittance ADS (HTR‐ADS), through the use of Halftone mask organic film technology (Halftone ORG), new pixel structure and negative liquid crystal. HTR‐ADS significantly improves the pixel aperture rate and light efficiency. Moreover, the height difference is formed by organic film to eliminate the Photo Spacer (PS) film layer, reducing the production cost and improving the production capacity. Meanwhile, the light leakage can be greatly decreased by the organic film layer tiled at the periphery of the display area.
57‐3: Using Digital Twins of OLEDs to Quantify the Impact of Molecular Properties on Device Performance for Rational Design
Authors: Neumann Tobias , Strunk Timo , Feidai Artem , Symalla Franz
Published: August 2023

The discovery of optimal combinations of chemicals for performant devices remains a persisting challenge in OLED technology. We present a digital twin approach to identify molecular properties which cause performance bottlenecks, and demonstrate the dependence of device performance on minute details such as local electrostatic influences on ionization potential.
58‐2: Structurally Anisotropic Backing Sheets for Rollable‐Foldable Display Modules
Authors: Hamburgen William Riis
Published: August 2023

While perforated‐slot backing plates are universally used to ruggedize today's foldable OLED display modules, we investigated an alternative approach incorporating freestanding ribs connected by a low modulus spring material. We explore manufacturing options and offer a closed‐form structural analysis of both types to inform applications of the alternative approach.
59‐3: Application of 3D printing in the reflector of glass‐based Mini LED Backlight
Authors: Liu Xing , Tang Hai , Geng Xiaolin , Fang Yongle , Gao Liang , Zhai Ming , Sun Haiwei
Published: August 2023

This paper mainly introduces a method of making Mini‐LED backlight reflective layer by 3D printing technology. Compared with the conventional method, this method improves the optical brightness and the yield of the product while simplifying the technological process.
60‐3: Invited Paper: Liquid Crystal Optics for AR/VR/MR Near Eye Displays
Authors: Huang Yuge , Lu Lu , Diorio Nicholas , Wang Mengfei , Zhao Zhexin , Feng Xiayu , Wang Junren , Miller Sawyer , Gollier Jacques , Cheng Hsienhui , Chang Kai‐Han , Peng Fenglin , Silverstein Barry
Published: August 2023

Liquid crystal optics are highly favorable for AR/VR/MR near‐eye displays because of the capability of modulating polarization and phase in an ultra‐compact profile. In this presentation, we discuss state‐of‐the‐art LC polarization hologram solutions for AR/VR/MR display technical needs, followed by remaining challenges and opportunities in the way towards high‐image‐quality and all‐day‐wearable near‐eye displays.
60‐4: Distinguished Paper: Novel Pancake‐Based HMD Optics to Improve Light Efficiency
Authors: Usukura Naru , Minoura Kiyoshi , Maruyama Ryo
Published: August 2023

Recently, compactness of Head Mounted Display (HMD) product has been strongly required to improve comfortableness of user. The folded optics, so‐called ‘Pancake optics', is suitable for realizing compact HMD, but there is a big drawback of lowering light efficiency. To overcome this problem, we propose novel pancakebased HMD optics named ‘Double path pancake optics' using two light paths. The optical simulation is performed and we fixed the appropriate design. From our simple evaluation of transmittance, we conclude that light efficiency of ‘Double path pancake optics' becomes 1.8 times higher than conventional pancake optics. We made the prototype using 1,200ppi high resolution Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and confirmed that the high image quality can be displayed.
62‐2: Novel TFT short‐wave infrared sensor based on colloidal quantum dot technology
Authors: Kong Dexi , Qin Tianling , Yu xiaosong , Huang Gen , Chen Zixiao , Wang Zining , Zhong Wenjie , Liu Xiantao , Liu Guo , Zhou Lin , Li Cheng , Liu Yanfei , Tang Xin , Che Chuncheng
Published: August 2023

We report a new TFT short‐wave infrared (SWIR) sensor based on colloidal quantum dot (CQD) technology. As the name suggests, its function is to detect and image the short‐wave infrared band. This is an industry‐leading TFT colloidal quantum dot SWIR sensor. The active layer is made of colloidal quantum dot material, and the detection band is 0.9~2.5um. The colloidal quantum dots are interconnected with the TFT reading circuit through spin coating, spraying, screen printing or scraping. The new TFT short‐wave infrared sensor of colloidal quantum dots gets rid of the limitation of the indium column flip‐chip bonding process of the traditional indium gallium arsenide CMOS short‐wave infrared focal plane sensor, and the preparation process is simple, the yield is higher, and the cost is low. A new TFT short‐wave infrared sensor based on colloidal quantum dots realizes a short‐wave infrared focal plane array and successfully captures short‐wave infrared images.
62‐3: Infrared Sensitive Thin‐Film Phototransistor Made on Glass Substrate for Active Matrix Sensing Application
Authors: Yuan Yi‐Cheng , Tai Ya‐Hsiang , Tsai Hsu‐En , Shieh Her‐Yih , Chen Hsueh‐Shih
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we propose a novel approach to IR sensing using a narrow band gap semiconductor and the light‐induced barrier lowering (LIBL) mechanism. Lead sulfide quantum dots (PbS QDs) were used as the semiconductor material due to their ideal bandgap energy for IR sensing. The proposed TFT sensor structures with and without a gap between gate and drain were fabricated and demonstrated excellent sensitivity to IR radiation, and therefore providing a cost‐effective and accessible solution for IR sensing, with potential applications in various fields.
64‐2: Distinguished Paper: Novel Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Films Creating Angle Insensitive Reflective Colors
Authors: Sano Haruka , Ishii Akihiro , Mizuno Tomohiro , Takasago Rie , Kato Syunya , Ishiguro Makoto , Hayata Yuichi , Nagai Michio , Ito Yoji
Published: August 2023

We have developed novel cholesteric liquid crystal (Ch‐LC) films creating angle insensitive reflective colors. The wavy alignment formed by rapid change of the helical twisting power (HTP) enables the suppression of color shift with different incident angles. With this approach various decorative films for innovative applications can be created.
64‐4: Invited Paper: High Contrast Ratio ADS LCD Using Negative Liquid Crystal Material
Authors: GUO Lei , SHAO Xibin , HU Hongling , LIU Jiaqing , QU Yingying , WANG Zhangtao , LIAO Yanping , WANG Kai , DAI Ke , ZHANG Wei , CHEN Dongchuan , GUO Yuanhui , LEE Prince
Published: August 2023

Mini‐LED technology is becoming a mainly driving force in the development of LCD industry. Only using excellent spatial viewing angle characteristics, high picture quality and high contrast ratio LCD panel, Mini‐LED can maximize its effectiveness in improving image quality and has the strength to challenge the dominance of OLED in the high‐end market. As we known, ADS technology belongs to plane field switching display mode, taking into account the excellent wide‐angle characteristics and excellent image quality, has been widely used in mobile phone, tablet, notebook, monitor and TV, the only shortcoming is the low contrast ratio (CR), just at 1000‐1200:1. This paper aims to introduce the development of ultra‐high contrast ADS LCD panel and its implementation method. By using low scattering coefficient negative liquid crystal, fine rubbing alignment process, and fine calibrated POL attachment process, an ultra‐high contrast ratio of CR 3000‐3500:1 is achieved for the first time on ADS panel. The slow response time of negative liquid crystal is improved by balancing the operating voltage (Vop) and adjusting the Cell gap, while the decrease in transmittance caused by lower Cell gap can be overcome by the spectral aperture pixel (SAP) design. All the techniques described in this paper are applicable to various types of plane field switching panels. The paper also concludes with a discussion and outlook on how to further improve the contrast ratio of ADS‐like panel.
66‐3: Effective Foldable AMOLED Structure with Bendability and Impact Resistance
Authors: Sakamoto Mayuko , Watanabe Noriko , Suga Katsuyuki , Yasuda Yuki , Taguchi Tokio , Ninomiya Ikuo , Yamane Yu , Hosokawa Mari , Murao Takehiro , Noma Mikihiro , Boardman Edward A. , Gass Paul
Published: August 2023

We developed an optimized shock absorber structure for foldable OLED displays using FEA (finite element analysis) which includes thin OCA and metal film with slits. Our AMOLED prototype passed a 200k times in‐fold bending test with 1.5mm bending radius and a ball drop test of 100g from the height of 60cm.
67‐4: Uniform Polycrystalline Si Films Obtained via the Fiber‐laser‐based Spot‐Beam‐Annealing Method
Authors: Park Jayoung , Song Ruobing , Lisenko Nikita , Shen Bonan , Killips Alexander , Nair Adithya P. , Im James S.
Published: August 2023

Experimental findings are presented on the polycrystalline Si films produced using fiber‐laser‐based Spot‐Beam Annealing (SBA) method. Quantitative analysis was performed based on the results obtained from TEM and other microstructure characterization tools. Comparison is made to the films generated using a state‐of‐the‐art manufacturing ELA system under optimal processing conditions.
69‐1: Invited Paper: Improving Efficiency and Brightness in Colloidal Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lee Taesoo , Kim Jaeyoul , Kwak Jeonghun
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we introduce multilateral strategies to improve the efficiency and brightness of quantum dot light‐emitting diodes. First, electrically and thermally endurable device architecture is adopted for highly bright light‐emission. Second, an exciton harvesting layer consisting of blue‐emitting thermally‐activated delayed fluorescent materials is introduced to improve device efficiency. Our approaches realize remarkable improvements in the device performance.
69‐3: Late‐News Paper: Enhanced Performance of Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diode via Optimizing PVK and Poly‐TPD Mixture Ratio for Hole Transport Layer
Authors: Kim Hyo-Bin , Yoo Jae-In , Kang Seong-Chen , Song Jang-Kun
Published: August 2023

For high‐performance quantum‐dot light‐emitting‐diode (QD‐LED), it is imperative to resolve the charge imbalance. In this paper, the solution to resolve the charge imbalance is introduced to mix two polymer hole transport layer (HTL) materials.
70‐2: Modification of Pixel Design for NFC Antenna Integrated in LCD Panel
Authors: Feng Dawei , Wu Xiaojuan , Feng Chunnan , Yu Zhiqiang , Yu Hongjun , Che Chuncheng
Published: August 2023

As a greatly pragmatic function on mobile phones and other mobile terminals, near‐field communication brings extremely convenience to people. The module designed on the back of the mobile phone terminal contains independent antenna coils, matching circuits, driver ICs and other structures. Based on BOE's proposal of a coil structure integrated in the display pixel in 2021 and preliminary verification of the communication effect, this paper proposes a revised design of the pixel coil structure to improve the communication performance of NFC coil.
71‐3: Effects of Circadian Rhythm, Ambient Illuminance and Display Content on Comfortable Display Luminance
Authors: Wu Chenyu , Tu Yan , Wang Lili , Liu Xin , Jia Linyu , Zheng Binyi , Liu Jie
Published: August 2023

The influences of ambient illuminance, display content and circadian rhythm on the perceived brightness were studied through a psychophysical experiment and the comfort zone of display luminance was investigated. The results showed that illuminance and display content, rather than circadian rhythm affected judgment of comfortable display luminance.
72‐2: Invited Paper: Color‐Conversion Liquid Crystal Display with In‐Cell Polarizer
Authors: Gao Yi-Yang , Cheng Yue-Chu , Tseng Man-Chun , Ho Jacob Yeuk-Lung , Vashchenko Olena , Tang Shu-Tuen , Vashchenko Valerii , Yeung Fion Sze-Yan , Srivastava Abhishek , Kwok Hoi-Sing
Published: August 2023

An approach to developing a thin‐film polarizer with high polarization efficiency in liquid crystal cells is presented. The in‐cell polarizer facilitates the realization of novel color‐conversion liquid crystal displays, where advanced quantum color‐converters are used as photoluminescent color filter arrays. We experimentally demonstrated using azo‐dye‐based embedded polarizers for color‐conversion liquid crystal displays for the first time. We systematically designed the device structure and fabrication process. The display is color parallax free and can be driven at regular conditions with good contrast.
72‐3: High‐performance In‐cell Polarizer with a Multi‐layer Structure for Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Cheng Yue-Chu , Gao Yi-Yang , Tseng Man-Chun , Ho Yeuk-Lung , Vashchenko Olena , Tang Shu-Tuen , Vashchenko Valerii , Sun Zhi-Bo , Yuan Zheng-Nan , Yeung Sze-Yan , Kwok Hoi-Sing
Published: August 2023

This work demonstrates a high‐performance in‐cell polarizer adopting photo‐aligned azobenzene dyes. On the strength of the multilayered design, a simple fabrication process has been developed to assemble an in‐cell polarizer. We have achieved a broadband dichroic ratio after the long‐term stability test. Meanwhile, the cell with the proposed in‐cell polarizer can be driven regularly without a voltage boost, which renders excellent practicability in liquid crystal display technologies. The structure, fabrication process, and properties of the in‐cell polarizer in TN‐LCD are thoroughly discussed.
73‐1: Study of Micro OLED optical simulation
Authors: Wang Yingtao , You Jaegeon , Sun Xuefei , Wang Xinxing , Jia Qian , Zhou Tingting , Li Haokun
Published: August 2023

Based on thin film optical theory (TFO), we build 1D and 2D simulation model of micro OLED. TFO 1D model is used to simulate the spectrum of micro OLED with flat structure, and TFO 2D model is used to simulate the spectrum of micro OLED with real 3D structure. The matching degree between simulation and mesurement are both larger than 80% in all viewing angles, the optical characteristics of micro OLED can be simulated more accurately. Moreover, it is the first time to build the TFO 2D model in micro OLED industry.
73‐3: A Study on WAD Improvement of a large size AMOLED panel
Authors: Chung In young , Kang Tae wook , Jin Guang hal
Published: August 2023

In this work, the WAD Characteristics were improved by forming a concave‐convex scattering structure on the organic planarization layer of large size AMOLED backplane TFT. By using a slit mask of the scanner as a VIA mask on the photosensitive poly‐imide organic planarization film, a semi‐transmissive area and a contact hole were made simultaneously without adding a separate photo process to form a concave‐convex scattering structure. On top of that, ITO/Ag/ITO anode pixel, EL and cathode layers were sequentially formed to improve WAD Characteristics of the top emitting AMOLED panel. Confirming the effect of WAD improvement and reduction of frontal luminance when forming a concave‐convex structure from the existing EL Spectrum through simulation, angle of concave‐convex structure is 10~15° to satisfy the conditions of 30% improvement in WAD, 5% drop in frontal luminance, 40‐50% of Concave‐convex structure area ratio in the planarization film was derived. As a result of fabricating a large size AMOLED top emitting panel, when Concave‐convex scattering angle of 5 ~ 12° is formed, WAD 10~24% improvement and frontal luminance drop within 5% can be seen. it was possible to confirm uniformly improved WAD value within Δu'v' 0.014 ~ 0.018 at the center/edge 9 Points compared to the normal panel.
73‐4: The Value and Benefit of Multiscale Material Simulation for OLED R&D: Prediction and Validation of Triplet Emitter Orientation Yielding > 90% In‐plane Transition Dipole Orientation for Ir(ppy)3 Derivatives
Authors: May Falk , Auch Armin , Stoessel Philipp , Pfister Jochen , Hayer Anna , Kröber Jonas
Published: August 2023

In order to fulfill the demand for ever‐improving OLED panel properties, material design has to adapt quickly. We propose multiscale material simulations as a tool to elucidate structure‐property relations guiding us towards materials with desired properties. As an example, we present benchmarking and application of a simulation workflow for triplet emitter optical orientation validated by experiment. Using this we were able to improve the isotropic optical orientation of the phosphorescent triplet emitter Ir(ppy)3 to unprecedented orientation parameters o<0.1. This means that >90% of the emitter transition dipoles can be in the substrate plane, allowing for better outcoupling and thus higher external quantum efficiency. Such a high degree of orientation realized by help of material simulation is a remarkable result for octahedral (non‐planar) complexes based on Ir(ppy)3.
74‐1: Invited Paper: Highly Stretchable and Shrinkable AMOLED for Free Deformation
Authors: Hong Jong-Ho , Kim Seongwon , Lee Jiwon , Yoon Jangyeol , Kim Sangwoo , Kim Yongjo
Published: August 2023

Flexible display technology has been successfully commercialized with foldable and rollable displays. Because of the limitation of the flexible technology, stretchable displays have attracted great attention which capable of realizing freeform design as a post‐flexible display. However, no technology has yet provided sufficient stretchability and resolution to realize genuine free‐form displays. We report on a highly deformable AMOLED display which capable of elongation over 20%. Moreover, our display is capable of more than 15% shrinkage deformation. We also developed low‐temperature thermal shrink process to make the most of the potential of the display. The fabricated full‐color stretchable AMOLED shows excellent deformability with high pixel density.
76‐1: Invited Paper: A Magneto‐Optical Spatial Light Modulator with Narrow Pixel Pitch for Holography Application
Authors: Aoshima Ken-ichi , Funabashi Nobuhiko , Higashida Ryo , Kawana Mayumi , Aso Shintaro , Shibasaki Junichi , Yamaguchi Yuta , Machida Kenji
Published: August 2023

We have proposed a magneto‐optical spatial light modulator (SLM) for holography application which magnetization is switched by spin polarized current injection. It has potential to reduce the pixel size less than one micron for large viewing zone angle over 30 degrees, which no commercial SLMs have achieved.
76‐3: A Modified Unsupervised Vision Transformer Network for High‐fidelity Computer‐generated Holography
Authors: Xu Chao , Dong Zhenxing , Chen Shuyi , Li Yan , Ling Yuye , Su Yikai
Published: August 2023

To generate high quality images with faster calculation speed for holographic displays, we propose a modified unsupervised Vision Transformer model, which has the capability of capturing global features of an image. The proposed method can infer a hologram significantly faster than the stochastic gradient descent method, while producing images with similar quality.
77‐3: Invited Paper: Quantum Dot Color Conversion In Display Application: In Pursuit Of The Holy Grail
Authors: Nakonechnyi Igor , Nolf Kim De , Walravens Willem
Published: August 2023

Quantum Dots (QDs) are widely accepted for use in contemporary displays. However the current application mainly remains limited to enhancing liquid crystal displays (LCD), and recently organic light emitting devices (OLED), by a limited margin. A topical question is what holds QDs from contributing to other display applications and what role can QDs play in the future of display technology? Will we soon see self‐emissive QD displays and if so, how feasible is QD color conversion for microLED displays? What are the limitations and the benefits of both? The article challenges the state‐of‐the‐art QD technology for QD color conversion and the current development timeline.
78‐1: Invited Paper: Tactile Scanner as Neuromorphic Skin for Computer Haptics
Authors: Wang Kai
Published: August 2023

In computer haptics, haptic devices provide sensory feedback that simulates physical properties and forces for recreating a feeling of touch when interacting with a virtual object. To generate such a feeling, a tactile sensor is required to collect tactile information similar to what human hand or skin does and then render it to drive a high‐fidelity artificial skin for tactile display. In this work, a flexible tactile scanner with a TFT‐based neuromorphic circuit as sensor interface is proposed to acquire tactile information with bionic characteristics. In order to recognize and classify different materials and textured surfaces, such a neuromorphic signal conversion is of necessity to generate neuromorphic data that can be used for artificial neuron network training and learning. Further, the following labelled bionic tactile information can be utilized to generate a motor‐neuron‐like signal to drive a high‐fidelity bionic neuromorphic skin for tactile display, enabling to generate a touch feeling of a virtual object in Metaverse. Therefore, as the first step, a tactile scanner as neuromorphic skin must be used to acquire tactile data for such a purpose.
79‐1: Display white change by the surround ratio
Authors: Yoon Seonyoung , Kwak Youngshin , Kim Hyosun
Published: August 2023

The perceived display of white was investigated at three levels of surround ratio: 0.12, 0.24, and 0.36. These ratios were generated using a combination of four levels of adapting luminance and four levels of display luminance. The results showed that the surround ratio has a greater influence on the perceived display of white than the adapting luminance, which has been used as a parameter in the degree of adaptation factor for chromatic adaptation transform models.
81‐2: Invited Paper: Highly Stretchable Color MicroLED Meta‐Display Without Image Distortion
Authors: Jang Bongkyun , Kim Hyun‐Don , Jeon Suwan , Kim Jaegu , Lim Mikyung , Kim Kwang‐Seop , Won Sejeong , Lee Jaehwa , Lee Hak‐Joo , Kim Jae‐Hyun
Published: August 2023

Recently, rollable and foldable displays have been commercialized based on organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) display technology. The next form‐factor challenge would be the realization of stretchable displays. Though many studies have targeted stretchable OLED displays, they have an intrinsic issue with the inextensible barrier coating. The micro‐LED displays are considered a promising solution for stretchable displays because of their high reliability without the barrier coating. This talk presents a highly stretchable micro‐LED display manufacturing technology with RGB micro‐LED pixels. We designed circuit boards made of the auxetic meta‐material with a Poisson's ratio of ‐1. These auxetic circuit boards provided our micro‐LED displays with high stretchability and distortion‐free images. We designed and developed a meta‐display manufacturing process for mass production, which is highly compatible with the conventional display manufacturing process on polyimide substrates.
82‐1: Distinguished Paper: Radially Variant Contrast in Virtual Reality Headsets
Authors: Zhao Chumin , Beams Ryan , Badano Aldo
Published: August 2023

Monocular image quality on virtual reality (VR) head‐mounted displays (HMDs) is radially variant on each eye piece. The virtual image is blurred at the periphery of display field of view primarily by thin lenses stacked on top of the VR display backplane, resulting in image resolution and contrast degradation. Conventional measurement methods adopted from flat‐panel display evaluation do not consider the spatially variant image artifacts by the additional optical components, and thus may not be adequate to assess the image quality in VR. We develop novel test patterns and a new method to measure the radially variant Michelson contrast on VR HMDs. The new method demonstrates efficient VR image quality evaluation using varied interpupillary distance settings.
82‐2: Binocular Vergence and Virtual Focus: A Simple Method for Evaluating the Vergence‐Accommodation Conflict in Near‐Eye Displays
Authors: Pixton Bruce M. , Varshneya Rupal , Draper Russell S.
Published: August 2023

Binocular Near Eye Displays require matching between the focus of the displayed image and the convergence of the two eyes. We present simple test methods for determining both the virtual focus and the vergence distance in Near Eye Displays.
83‐1: Improved performance of EL‐QD display through surface modified QDs and inorganic nanoink
Authors: Jung Yun Ku , Ko Yunhyuk , Park Chulsoon , Noh Seunguk , Kim Yongil , Kim Sehun , Ha Jaekook , Yoon Yeogeon
Published: August 2023

We demonstrated the ligand exchange procedure on the InP base green QDs and Zn(Mg)O surface to improve of efficiency at EL‐QDs device. Performace of EL‐QDs device was imporved by control of electron mobility and chargen balance through ligand exchange in QDs surface. Moverover, we can prevented QD aggregation of EML throgh surface modification of electron transfer nanoparticles on inverted top emitting device.
84‐3: A Novel 2D Diffractive Liquid Crystal Smart Window using Single‐sided Engineered Electrode Structure
Authors: Huh Jae-Won , Yoon Hong
Published: August 2023

Smart window technology has been studied actively because it can simply control optical property of window by external power. Among various smart window technology, a phase grating liquid crystal (LC) device shows outstanding properties such as clear off state, high haze in on state, and no viewing angle dependence. Although it can have excellent optical performance, an LC phase grating device requires complicated pattern electrode structure on both top and bottom substrate. To make the device in cost effectiveness, it is required that simple and cost saving design of LC cell is essential.

In this presentation, we will introduce our recent progress in LC phase grating smart window. Based on the optimal LC cell design, a trade‐off between performance and cost was minimized while maintaining the advantages of previously researched phase grating LC smart window.