bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in Nature Conservation-Relevant Public Participation Processes Through Digitalization: The Case of Germany
Authors: Heiland Stefan , Günther Markus , Holzhauer Brigitte , Kern Florian , Wagner Josephin
Published: February 2025

The literature shows that limited research has been conducted on the changes induced by digital means in public participation processes on plans whose implementation could have an impact on nature conservation and landscape development. To contribute to closing this research gap, 15 expert interviews were conducted to shed light on the use of digital tools in public participation processes in Germany. The analysis examined potential changes in the quantity and diversity of participants, timing and duration of involvement, tone and content, and the influence of participation on decision-making. The experts’ experiences vary widely, and knowledge must still be consolidated. The findings suggest that using digital instruments can increase the number of participants and the variety of social groups they represent. Other factors, such as personal interest and implications or potential for conflict, are more crucial to participating. However, digital tools allow for easier participation at various stages of participation if all necessary information is provided online. The tone of the discussion appears to be significantly influenced by the specific digital tool used for participation; for example, a plenary video session may unfold in an orderly manner, but the concurrent chat discussion can become chaotic or even insulting without strict facilitation. Digital tools might increase public interest in planning processes and lead to a higher relevance of citizens’ opinions in decision-making. However, this does not necessarily impact its outcome, as various opinions can neutralize each other. Observing this development more intensively seems necessary to take advantage of opportunities and counteract digitalization risks. Nonetheless, it can be concluded that digital formats cannot and should not replace analog forms of participation; rather, both should be combined in hybrid forms.
Intrinsic Mechanisms of Differences in Wetting-Induced Deformation of Soils on Chinese Loess Plateau: Insights into Land Stability and Sustainable Management
Authors: Liu Qiqi , Xie Wanli , Yang Hui , Yuan Kangze , Zhang Siyu , Li Xinyu , Qu Pengxin , Wu Zhiyi , Zhou Jiahao , Gao Xuanyu
Published: February 2025

Wetting-induced soil deformation significantly impacts land stability and management on the Chinese Loess Plateau. This study analyzed silt soils from the Late Pleistocene (1 m depth) and Middle Pleistocene (25 m depth) to investigate compression and collapsible deformation during wetting. The compression in both soils progressed through three stages: slow deformation under low pressure, accelerated deformation under moderate pressure, and decelerated deformation under high pressure. Wetting intensified the compression in the 1 m sample but reduced it in the 25 m sample, with the deformation becoming more sensitive to the initial water content under higher pressures. Collapse tests showed contrasting behaviors: the 1 m sample exhibited collapsibility, while the 25 m sample displayed expansiveness (a negative collapsibility coefficient). Microstructural analysis revealed that the 1 m sample with abundant macropores and overhead structures had a lower structural stability than the 25 sample with more stable, rounded micropores. The wetting-induced deformation was governed by the balance between clay mineral expansion and structural collapse, with collapsibility prevailing when collapse dominated and expansiveness prevailing when expansion was predominant. These findings provide valuable insights into soil–water interactions and support improved land use and management strategies in the loess region.
Design, New Materials, and Production Challenges of Bioplastics-Based Food Packaging
Authors: Rosenow Phil , Fernández-Ayuso Carmen , López-García Pedro , Minguez-Enkovaara Luis Francisco
Published: February 2025

This paper outlines the current design trends in food packaging, its main environmentally friendly material alternatives, and industrial processing technologies. In this respect, this important product has undergone several evolutions throughout history. Initially acting as a containment device, it has later evolved into a source of information and even a marketing platform for food companies, always with a view to extending shelf life. However, these functionalities are highly dependent on the materials used and their properties. In this respect, plastics have conquered the food packaging market due to their affordability and flexibility. Nevertheless, environmental concerns have arisen due to their impact on the environment, in addition to the introduction of stricter industry regulations and increased consumer environmental awareness. Therefore, this work found that the current design trends in food packaging are toward sustainability, reducing packaging complexity, with easier recycling, and material selection that combines both sustainability and functionality. In the case of bioplastics as a sustainable alternative, there is still room for improvement in their production, with careful consideration of their raw materials. In addition, their technical performance is generally lower, with challenges in barrier properties and processability, which could be addressed with the adoption of Industry 4.0.
An Innovative Priority Queueing Strategy for Mitigating Traffic Congestion in Complex Networks
Authors: Wu Ganhua
Published: February 2025

Optimizing transportation in both natural and engineered systems, particularly within complex network environments, has become a pivotal area of research. Traditional methods for mitigating congestion primarily focus on routing strategies that utilize first-in-first-out (FIFO) queueing disciplines to determine the processing order of packets in buffer queues. However, these approaches often fail to explore the benefits of incorporating priority mechanisms directly within the routing decision-making processes, leaving significant room for improvement in congestion management. This study introduces an innovative generalized priority queueing (GPQ) strategy, specifically designed as an enhancement to existing FIFO-based routing methods. It is important to note that GPQ is not a new queue scheduling algorithm (e.g., deficit round robin (DRR) or weighted fair queuing (WFQ)), which typically manage multiple queues in broader queue management scenarios. Instead, GPQ integrates a dynamic priority-based mechanism into the routing layer, allowing the routing function to adaptively prioritize packets within a single buffer queue based on network conditions and packet attributes. By focusing on the routing strategy itself, GPQ improves the process of selecting packets for forwarding, thereby optimizing congestion management across the network. The effectiveness of the GPQ strategy is evaluated through extensive simulations on single-layer, two-layer, and dynamic networks. The results demonstrate significant improvements in key performance metrics, such as network throughput and average packet delay, when compared to traditional FIFO-based routing methods. These findings underscore the versatility and robustness of the GPQ strategy, emphasizing its capability to enhance network efficiency across diverse topologies and configurations. By addressing the inherent limitations of FIFO-based routing strategies and proposing a generalized yet scalable enhancement, this study makes a notable contribution to network optimization. The GPQ strategy provides a practical and adaptable solution for improving transportation efficiency in complex networks, bridging the gap between conventional routing techniques and emerging demands for dynamic congestion management.
A Novel Face Frontalization Method by Seamlessly Integrating Landmark Detection and Decision Forest into Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)
Authors: Alhlffee Mahmood H. B. , Huang Yea-Shuan
Published: February 2025

In real-world scenarios, posture variation and low-quality image resolution are two well-known factors that compromise the accuracy and reliability of face recognition system. These challenges can be overcome using various methods, including Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). Despite this, concerns over the accuracy and reliability of GAN methods are increasing as the facial recognition market expands rapidly. The existing framework such as Two-Pathway GAN (TP-GAN) method has demonstrated that it is superior to numerous GAN methods that provide better face-texture details due to its unique deep neural network structure that allows it to perceive local details and global structure in a supervised manner. TP-GAN overcomes some of the obstacle associated with face frontalization tasks through the use of landmark detection and synthesis functions, but it remains challenging to achieve the desired performance across a wide range of datasets. To address the inherent limitations of TP-GAN, we propose a novel face frontalization method (NFF) combining landmark detection, decision forests, and data augmentation. NFF provides 2D landmark detection to integrate global structure with local details of the generator model so that more accurate facial feature representations and robust feature extractions can be achieved. NFF enhances the stability of the discriminator model over time by integrating decision forest capabilities into the TP-GAN discriminator core architecture that allows us to perform a wide range of facial pose tasks. Moreover, NFF uses data augmentation techniques to maximize training data by generating completely new synthetic data from existing data. Our evaluations are based on the Multi-PIE, FEI, and CAS-PEAL datasets. NFF results indicate that TP-GAN performance can be significantly enhanced by resolving the challenges described above, leading to high quality visualizations and rank-1 face identification.
Computational Approaches to Compressible Micropolar Fluid Flow in Moving Parallel Plate Configurations
Authors: Črnjarić Nelida
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we consider the unsteady flow of a compressible micropolar fluid between two moving, thermally isolated parallel plates. The fluid is characterized as viscous and thermally conductive, with polytropic thermodynamic properties. Although the mathematical model is inherently three-dimensional, we assume that the variables depend on only a single spatial dimension, reducing the problem to a one-dimensional formulation. The non-homogeneous boundary conditions representing the movement of the plates lead to moving domain boundaries. The model is formulated in mass Lagrangian coordinates, which leads to a time-invariant domain. This work focuses on numerical simulations of the fluid flow for different configurations. Two computational approaches are used and compared. The first is based on the finite difference method and the second is based on the Faedo–Galerkin method. To apply the Faedo–Galerkin method, the boundary conditions must first be homogenized and the model equations reformulated. On the other hand, in the finite difference method, the non-homogeneous boundary conditions are implemented directly, which reduces the computational complexity of the numerical scheme. In the performed numerical experiments, it was observed that, for the same accuracy, the Faedo–Galerkin method was approximately 40 times more computationally expensive compared to the finite difference method. However, on a dense numerical grid, the finite difference method required a very small time step, which could lead to an accumulation of round-off errors. On the other hand, the Faedo–Galerkin method showed the convergence of the solutions as the number of expansion terms increased, despite the higher computational cost. Comparisons of the obtained results show good agreement between the two approaches, which confirms the consistency and validity of the numerical solutions.
Investigating Hemodynamics in Intracranial Aneurysms with Irregular Morphologies: A Multiphase CFD Approach
Authors: Lampropoulos Dimitrios S. , Hadjinicolaou Maria
Published: February 2025

Unruptured intracranial aneurysms, affecting 2–5% of the population, are characterized by localized wall weakening and irregular morphologies, including features such as blebs, lobulations, or asymmetries, which are significant predictors of rupture risk. Although up to 57% of ruptured intracranial aneurysms exhibit irregular dome geometry, its influence on aneurysm stability remains underexplored. Irregular geometries are associated with adverse hemodynamic forces, such as increased wall shear stress (WSS), amplifying wall stress at specific regions, and promoting flow disturbances, which may increase aneurysm vulnerability. This study investigates the influence of aneurysm dome morphology, particularly in IAs with irregular domes that may include daughter blebs, using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Unlike prior CFD studies that modeled blood as Newtonian or non-Newtonian, this work employs a three-phase blood flow model, representing plasma and red blood cells (RBCs) as distinct phases. Numerical simulations, conducted via the Finite Volume Method, solve the Navier–Stokes equations to capture complex flow dynamics within cerebral vasculature. Key hemodynamic metrics, such as Wall Shear Stress (WSS), Wall Shear Stress Gradient (WSSG), and Viscous Dissipation Rate, are analyzed to assess the interplay between dome morphology and hemodynamic stressors.
Scheduling and Evaluation of a Power-Concentrated EMU on a Conventional Intercity Railway Based on the Minimum Connection Time
Authors: Wang Yinan , Xu Limin , Yang Xiao , Bao Jingjing , Lin Feng , Guo Yiwei , Yue Yixiang
Published: February 2025

Power-concentrated EMU trains have the advantages of being fast and comfortable, having a flexible formation and a short turn-back time, and so on. They can effectively release the transportation capacity of tense lines and hubs (the replacement of conventional trains with power-concentrated EMUs can reduce the time it takes to enter and exit locomotive yards by 40 min per train), optimize operating structures, improve the quality and efficiency of passenger products for conventional railways, and enhance the travel experience of passengers. Moreover, they have certain cost advantages and practical operational value for improving the market competitiveness of conventional railways. In this study, a two-stage, two-layer cycle method is adopted to solve the application plan of an EMU with the minimum total connection time. Through the decomposition of optimization objectives, the search space and the solution scale in each stage are reduced. In the first stage, the feasible number of routes and the number division plan of internal running lines are listed. In the second stage, an improved ant colony algorithm is designed to arrange and combine the internal running lines in each plan to improve the search quality and convergence speed, which changes the pheromone volatilization coefficient with iteration. The optimal number of routes, the number of internal routes, and the optimal sequence between routes are obtained. The study also puts forward a method of route division according to the passenger load factor, which can help railway bureaus adjust the capacity according to fluctuations in demand. A running diagram of six pairs of power-concentrated EMUs on an intercity railway is used as the background to solve the problem. The optimal connection plan with 14 groups of different route division plans was evaluated by using the entropy weight–TOPSIS method, and the optimal plan was obtained in the form of a route division method with two groups of routes with three pairs of trains in each group. Compared with the actual operation plan, the number of routes and the number of first-level repairs are reduced by 50%, respectively, which can effectively reduce the operation and maintenance costs of EMUs. Compared with the actual plan, the average operation mileage is increased by 100%, the average mileage loss is decreased by 54.6%, and the minimum distance traveled by EMUs is increased by 200%, which indicates that the mileage maintenance cycle of the actual operation plan is not fully used. The average number of tasks of EMUs is increased by 100%, indicating that the efficiency of EMUs in the actual operation plan needs to be improved. The traffic mileage balance is improved by 100%, indicating that the EMUs in different routes are more balanced.
Isolation, Structure Elucidation and Biological Evaluation of Lomaiviticins F–H, Dimeric Benzofluorene Glycosides from Marine-Derived Micromonospora sp. Bacterium
Authors: Zhang Fan , Wang Wenhui , Braun Doug R. , Ananiev Gene E. , Liao Weiting , Harper Mary Kay , Rajski Scott R. , Bugni Tim S.
Published: February 2025

The discovery of new natural products remains a cornerstone of therapeutic innovation, and effective analytical tools for rapid dereplication can significantly accelerate this process. Using Isotopic Fine Structure (IFS) mass spectrometry, we rapidly identified three new dimeric benzofluorene glycosides, lomaiviticins F–H (1–3), from a marine-derived Micromonospora sp. bacterium. These compounds were isolated and structurally elucidated through advanced spectroscopic techniques, including FT-ICR-MS and NMR. Lomaiviticins F–H exhibit unique structural features, notably the 4-O-methyl-l-angolosamine moieties, which differentiate them from previously known lomaiviticins A–E. The discovery of these compounds highlights distinct biosynthetic linkages within the lomaiviticin family, particularly the C2–C2′ conjoining bonds characteristic of the dimers. Compounds 1–3 were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity against a panel of human cancer cell lines; the resulting IC50 values confirmed that the dimeric diazofluorenes of lomaiviticins A and B are critical for anticancer activity. These findings emphasize the utility of IFS in expediting natural product discovery while providing valuable insights into structural and functional characterizations of bioactive compounds.
Actinomycosis: Mimicking Malignancies in Multiple Anatomical Sites—A Three-Patient Case Series
Authors: Montenegro John Fernando , Correa Forero Vanessa , Liscano Yamil , Grueso Pineda Andres , Bonilla Bonilla Diana Marcela , Ruiz Jimenez Paola Andrea
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: Actinomycosis is a rare chronic contagion caused by Actinomyces spp. known for its ability to mimic malignant processes across various anatomical locations. Its clinical presentation can often resemble malignancies, Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections, nocardiosis, fungal infections, or other granulomatous diseases. This case series presents three patients diagnosed with Actinomyces spp., highlighting the diagnostic challenges and diverse clinical manifestations of the disease. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the clinical course, diagnostic procedures, and treatment outcomes of three patients with confirmed Actinomyces spp. The first case involved a 51-year-old male with a history of rhabdomyosarcoma in remission who presented with dysphagia. Magnetic resonance imaging identified an irregularly enhancing mass in the tonsil, and subsequent tonsillectomy confirmed Actinomyces spp. The second patient, an 80-year-old female, presented with dysphagia and a sublingual mass initially suspected to be diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma; however, a histopathological analysis confirmed Actinomyces spp. The third case involved a 72-year-old male with abdominal pain and an ulcerated gastric lesion, where subtotal gastrectomy and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of Actinomyces spp. Results: These three cases highlight the ability of Actinomyces spp. to closely mimic malignant lesions, which significantly complicates the diagnostic process. Although personalized interventions were required for each patient, diagnoses were ultimately confirmed through histopathology. Despite these challenges, timely recognition and appropriate treatment were achieved, underscoring the need to consider Actinomyces spp. in the differential diagnosis of similar presentations. Conclusions:Actinomyces spp. remains a diagnostic challenge due to its ability to mimic a variety of malignant and contagion conditions. This case series emphasizes the need for a thorough histopathological examination and a high index of suspicion when encountering lesions with atypical presentations. Given the potential for misdiagnosis, awareness and consideration of Actinomyces spp. are crucial in the differential diagnosis of chronic contagion and mass lesions. Further studies are warranted to refine diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Thrombosed Mechanical Aortic Valve Treated with Low-Dose Ultraslow Alteplase Infusion
Authors: Pavlatos Nicholas , Daga Pawan , Shah Aangi , Khan Muhammad , Mattumpuram Jishanth
Published: February 2025

Background: Prosthetic valve thrombosis is a rare but serious complication of mechanical valve replacement. Traditionally, prosthetic valve thrombosis has been managed by surgical intervention; however, there is increasing data to support the use of thrombolytics. Methods: We present a case of a 74-year-old female with a history of rheumatic fever and subsequent mechanical aortic valve replacement on warfarin who presented to the emergency department with disequilibrium and chest pain. Results: She was found to have a subtherapeutic international normalized ratio and thrombosed mechanical aortic valve seen on transthoracic echocardiography, transesophageal echocardiography, and fluoroscopy. Conclusions: She was treated with a low-dose ultraslow alteplase infusion of 25 mg of alteplase administered over 25 h. Post-infusion transthoracic echocardiography immediately following infusion and four months later confirmed resolution of thrombosis.
Preparation of Am-MSN/PVDF Mixed Matrix Membranes for Enhanced Removal of Reactive Black 5
Authors: Zuo Jihao , Lu Mengkang , Cai Jinting , Lan Ruopeng , Zeng Xinjuan , Zhou Cailong
Published: February 2025

The discharge of large volumes of textile dyeing wastewater, characterized by poor biodegradability and high toxicity, poses severe threats to the environment. In this study, polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes were prepared using the nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) method, with porous amino-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Am-MSNs) mixed into the casting solution to fabricate the Am-MSN/PVDF mixed matrix membranes. By varying the amount of Am-MSNs added, the microstructure and overall performance of the membranes were comprehensively analyzed. The results demonstrated that the addition of Am-MSNs significantly enhanced the hydrophilicity of the membranes. The high specific surface area and amino groups of Am-MSNs facilitated interactions with dye molecules, such as Reactive Black 5 (RB5), through hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, and physical adsorption, resulting in a marked improvement in RB5 rejection rates. Static adsorption tests further validated the superior adsorption capacity of the Am-MSN/PVDF mixed matrix membranes for RB5. Additionally, the nanoscale mesoporous structure of Am-MSNs enhanced the mechanical strength of the membranes. The synergistic effects of the mesoporous structure and amino groups significantly increased the efficiency and stability of the Am-MSN/PVDF mixed matrix membranes in dye removal applications, providing an effective and sustainable solution for the treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater.
Material Characterization and Technological Properties of Biocompatible Ti-12Al-42Nb Spherical Powder Alloy for Additive Manufacturing of Personal Medical Implants
Authors: Anokhin Alexander , Kirsankin Andrey , Kukueva Elena , Luk’yanov Alexander , Chuvikina Maria , Ermakova Elena , Strelnikova Svetlana , Kupreenko Stepan
Published: February 2025

The paper focuses on material characterization and technology properties of a new Ti-12Al-42Nb spherical powder alloy for additive manufacturing of personal medical implants. The electrode induction melting inert gas atomization (EIGA) method was used to produce the powder alloy. The powder sphericity coefficient (PSC) was 1.02. Image J software was used to calculate the spherical degree by processing images sets from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy (OM). SEM of particles cross-sections indicated internal thermal-induced porosity (TIP) with a 2.3 μm pore diameter. Particle size distribution was in the range from 15.72 μm (d10) to 64.48 μm (d100) as measured by laser particle analyzer. It was indicated that flowability and powder bulk density were 196 sec and 2.79 g/cm3, respectively. XRD analysis confirmed the beta phase of the powder alloy with no additional phases. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry confirmed the alloyed composition. Reducing and oxidative melting methods of analysis showed a slight amount of impurities: oxygen (0.0087 wt.%), nitrogen (0.03 wt.%), hydrogen (0.0012 wt.%), sulfur (0.0016 wt.%), and carbon (0.022 wt.%). Simultaneous thermal analysis (STA) was performed to indicate weight growth and losses and thermal effects in argon, nitrogen, and air as well as the oxidation of Al2O3, TiO2, and Nb2O5 on the surface layer of Ti-12Al-42Nb powder alloy particles. Different phase transformations of γAl2O3 → θAl2O3 → αAl2O3 and TiO2 rutile → TiO2 anatase phase transformation were detected by STA in the oxidative layer.
An Approach to Evaluate the Fatigue Life of the Material of Liquefied Gases’ Vessels Based on the Time Dependence of Acoustic Emission Parameters: Part 1
Authors: Perveitalov Oleg G. , Nosov Viktor V.
Published: February 2025

In the first part of this article devoted to the assessment of the fatigue life of structural steels at low temperatures, a study was conducted on the effect of pre-cycling in a low-cycle fatigue mode on the time dependences of acoustic emission parameters. Commonly used St-3 steel was tested at −60 °C with varying durabilities, after which it was fractured once during static tests. The multilevel acoustic model used made it possible to estimate the structural parameter γ at the stage of elastoplastic deformation. The stage of active development of microcracks and their coalescence corresponds to a homogeneous fracture with stable acoustic emission characteristics (signal duration, amplitude variation coefficient, etc.). It was shown that regardless of the maximum voltage (460, 480, and 500 MPa) in the cycle and the operating times of up to 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7, the structural parameter remains within the known limits. The parameters of the Weibull law distribution and the logarithmically normal distribution for the coefficient γ were obtained, theoretical and calculated fatigue curves were plotted, and a method was proposed for evaluating the number of cycles before fracture under irregular loading conditions in the real operation of pressure vessels based on the “rainflow” cycles counting method.
A Comparative Study Between Micro and Millimeter Impedance Sensor Designs for Type-2 Diabetes Detection
Authors: Guin Santu , Chowdhury Debjyoti , Chattopadhyay Madhurima
Published: February 2025

In recent years, various types of sensors have been developed at both millimeter (mm) and micrometer (µm) scales for numerous biomedical applications. Each design has its own advantages and limitations. This study compares the electrical characteristics and sensitivity of millimeter- and micrometer-scale sensors, emphasizing the superior performance of millimeter-scale designs for detecting type-2 diabetes. Elevated glucose levels in type-2 diabetes alter the complex permittivity of red blood cells (RBCs), affecting their rheological and electrical properties, such as viscosity, volume, relative permittivity, dielectric loss, and AC conductivity. These alterations may manifest as a unique bio-impedance signature, offering a diagnostic topology for diabetes. In view of this, various concentrations (ranging from 10% to 100%) of 400 µL of normal and diabetic RBCs suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution are examined to record the changes in bio-impedance signatures across a spectrum of frequencies, ranging from 1 MHz to 10 MHz. In this study, simulations are performed using the finite element method (FEM) with COMSOL Multiphysics® to analyze the electrical behavior of the sensors at both millimeter (mm) and micrometer (µm) scales. These simulations provide valuable insights into the performance parameters of the sensors, aiding in the selection of the most effective design by using this topology.
IL-6–Caspase 3 Axis Plays an Important Role in Enteritis Caused by Legionella pneumophila Pulmonary Infection
Authors: Zhao Dahui , Duan Xuefeng , Zhu Li , Fang Min , Qin Tian , Bi Yuhai
Published: February 2025

Background: Since Legionella pneumophila (Lp) is widely present in natural and artificial water environments, it has a high potential risk of outbreak. Diarrhea caused by Lp pulmonary infection is an important symptom of Legionnaires’ disease (LD); however, the underlying mechanism of the diarrhea has not yet been revealed. This not only has a negative impact on clinical diagnosis and treatment, but may also cause misdiagnosis. Methods: In the present study, a mouse model of enteritis caused by pulmonary infection of Lp was established. By using this mouse model, we explored the underlying mechanisms of the enteritis caused by Lp pulmonary infection. Results: The results indicated that the systemic inflammatory response played a very important role in the enteritis phenotype caused by a strong-virulence strain of Lp. Furthermore, we found that the expression of Bcl-2 was downregulated by IL-6 through the p53 signaling pathway, thereby activating the caspase 3 of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), causing the apoptosis of IECs, and ultimately leading to the enteritis phenotype. Conclusions: The IL-6–caspase 3 axis plays an important role in enteritis caused by Lp pulmonary infection.
Emergence of NDM-7-Producing Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subs. simillipneumoniae ST138 in a Hospital from the Northern Region of Brazil
Authors: Lobato Amália R. F. , Souza Mikhail J. S. , Pereira Emanoele S. , Cazuza Thalyta B. , Silva Artur , Baraúna Rafael A. , Brasiliense Danielle M.
Published: February 2025

Clinical emergent bacterial pathogens are a great threat to the global health system, chiefly Gram-negative carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and the Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex. Here, we present the molecular and phenotypic characterization of Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subs. similipneumoniae IEC57090 strain, belonging to ST138 and showing a multidrug resistance phenotype. The blaNDM-7 present in one of the two resistance plasmids carried by the isolate, the antibiotic resistance genes fosA, oqxAB, and acrR, and gene mutations on porins ompK36 and ompK37, both associated with cephalosporin and carbapenem resistance, were detected. Virulence factors such as the clusters of type I and III fimbria, type IV pili genes, and genes associated with the K1 capsule, siderophore production, and multiple mobile genetic elements (MGE) were predicted. The emergence of silent pathogens in clinical environments highlights the importance of active research on new threads that may compromise the last resources of antimicrobials, such as carbapenems, specifically on mobile genetic elements containing carbapenemases in emergent pathogens, which can spread these antimicrobial resistance elements. This study reinforces that molecular biology vigilance can prevent outbreaks and help to better understand antimicrobial resistance and pathogens in clinical environment dynamics.
Balancing Nature and Nurture: The Role of Biocontrol Agents in Shaping Plant Microbiomes for Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Moussa Suzana , Iasur Kruh Lilach
Published: February 2025

Microbial communities in the plant environment are highly dynamic, with bacterial populations rapidly responding to changes. Numerous studies have examined how both inherent plant characteristics and environmental factors shape plant-associated microbiota. These factors determine which bacterial communities thrive and how they interact with plants; certain conditions favor beneficial bacteria, and others support pathogens. In this mini-review, we focus on an additional factor influencing plant microbiomes and their surrounding environments: the use of biocontrol agents. The increasing application of microbial inoculants and their metabolites as biocontrol strategies in agriculture has created a critical knowledge gap about the effects of introducing non-native bacterial species into natural plant ecosystems. The inoculation of plants and their environments with exogenous biocontrol microorganisms has the potential to alter microbial community diversity and composition, presenting both opportunities and challenges for sustainable agricultural practices.
Microbial Changes Occurring During Oronasal Fistula Wound Healing
Authors: Goudy Steven L. , Bradley Heath L. , Gacasan Camilo Anthony , Toma Afra , Sekar Keerthi Priya Chinniampalayam , Wuest William M. , Tomov Martin , Serpooshan Vahid , Coskun Ahmet , Jones Rheinallt M.
Published: February 2025

The oral microbiome is a complex community that matures with dental development and is recognized as a risk factor for systemic disease. Despite the oral cavity having a substantial microbial burden, healing of superficial oral wounds occurs quickly and with little scarring. By contrast, creation of an oro-nasal fistula (ONF), often occurring after surgery to correct a cleft palate, is a significant wound healing challenge. Methods: In this study, we characterized the changes in the oral microbiome of mice following a freshly inflicted wound in the oral palate that results in an open and unhealed ONF. Results: Creation of an ONF in mice significantly lowered oral microbiome alpha diversity, with concurrent blooms of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus lentus, and Staphylococcus xylosus in the oral cavity. Treatment with oral antibiotics one week before ONF infliction reduced microbiome alpha diversity and prevented E. faecalis, S. lentus, and S. xylosus blooms, but did not impact ONF healing. Conclusions: An ONF in the murine palate leads to a dysbiotic oral microbiome and a bloom of opportunistic pathogens that may prevent ONF healing. Delivery of therapeutics that accelerate ONF healing might restore oral microbiome diversity and inhibit blooms of opportunistic pathogens.
Post-COVID-19 Small Fiber Neuropathy as a New Emerging Quality of Life-Threatening Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bandinelli Francesca , Di Carlo Marco , Colantuono Virginia Alba , Nozzoli Filippo , Salaffi Fausto , Chiocchetti Barbara , Nucci Elena , Mastricci Alessandra , Gherardi Eleonora , Manetti Mirko
Published: February 2025

Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) syndrome is considered an emergent and diffuse multidisciplinary problem. Compelling evidence suggests that COVID-19 increases symptoms of pre-existent small fiber neuropathy (SFN) and might trigger de novo onset of SFN. In this systematic review, for the first time, we provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical and diagnostic features of PASC-SFN, including the accompanying disorders, disease evolution, and possible treatments, described in the recent literature. Following infection, many patients reported a wide range of symptoms and complications, not self-limiting and independent from previous infection severity. SFN begins more frequently with distal limb burning pain and numbness, which accompany other dysautonomia, cognitive, visual, and osteoarticular disorders involving multiple organ systems. In an initial diagnostic suspicion, some tests might be useful as complementary examinations, such as nerve quantitative sensory testing, electromyography, and optic nerve tomography. Otherwise, definite diagnosis is reached with skin biopsy as the gold standard, along with corneal in vivo microscopy when ocular discomfort is present. Being a long-term condition, multiple and dissimilar symptomatic and disease-modifying drugs were employed for the treatment of this condition with the achievement of partial results, including steroids, pregabalin, gabapentin, duloxetine, vitamins, homotaurine and phosphatidylserine, alpha lipoic acid, immunosuppressants, and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. PASC-SFN is a complex emerging disease and extremely challenging for physicians. At present, the only feasible management of PASC-SFN is represented by a multidisciplinary tailored approach, with future definitive protocols for diagnosis and treatment deemed essential.
Machine Learning Tool for New Selective Serotonin and Serotonin–Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
Authors: Łapińska Natalia , Szlęk Jakub , Pacławski Adam , Mendyk Aleksander
Published: February 2025

Depression, a serious mood disorder, affects about 5% of the population. Currently, there are two groups of antidepressants that are the first-line treatment for depressive disorder: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. The aim of the study was to develop Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) models for serotonin (SERT) and norepinephrine (NET) transporters to predict the affinity and inhibition potential of new molecules. Models were developed using the Automated Machine Learning tool Mljar based on 80% of the dataset according to 10-fold cross-validation and externally validated on the remaining 20% of data. The molecular representation featured two-dimensional Mordred descriptors. For each model, Shapley additive explanations analysis was performed to clarify the influence of the descriptors on the models’ predictions. Based on the final QSAR models, the following results were obtained: NET and pIC50 value RMSEtest = 0.678, R2test = 0.640; NET and pKi RMSEtest = 0.590, R2test = 0.709; SERT and pIC50 RMSEtest = 0.645, R2test = 0.678; SERT and pKi value RMSEtest = 0.540, R2test = 0.828. QSAR models for serotonin and norepinephrine transporters have been made available in a new module of the SerotoninAI application to enhance usability for scientists.
Recent Advances and Challenges in Metal Halide Perovskite Quantum Dot-Embedded Hydrogels for Biomedical Application
Authors: Yu Junyi , Zhang Chengran , Kong Lijun , Deng Zhengtao
Published: February 2025

Metal halide perovskite quantum dots (MHP QDs), as a kind of fluorescent material, have attracted much attention due to their excellent photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY), narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM), broad absorption, and tunable emission wavelength. However, the instability and biological incompatibility of MHP QDs greatly hinder their application in the field of biomedicine. Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymer networks that are widely used in biomedicine because of their high transparency and excellent biocompatibility. This review not only introduces the latest research progress in improving the mechanical and optical properties of hydrogels/MHP QDs but also combines it with the existing methods for enhancing the stability of MHP QDs in hydrogels, aiming to provide new ideas for researchers in material selection and methods for constructing MHP QD-embedded hydrogels. Finally, their application prospects and future challenges are introduced.
Towards Improved Bioavailability of Cereal Inositol Phosphates, Myo-Inositol and Phenolic Acids
Authors: Żyła Krzysztof , Duda Aleksandra
Published: February 2025

Cereals are among the foods rich in myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (phytic acid, IP6), lower myo-inositol phosphates (IPx), a wide range of phenolic compounds, as well as vitamins, minerals, oligosaccharides, phytosterols and para-aminobenzoic acid, and are attributed with multiple bioactivities, particularly associated with the prevention of metabolic syndrome and colon cancer. The bran fraction of wheat, maize, brown rice and other cereals contains high levels of phytate, free and total phenolics, and endogenous enzymes such as amylases, phytase, xylanase, β-glucanase and feruloyl esterase, whose activities can be increased by germination. The preliminary steps of digestion begin in the oral cavity where substrates for the action of endogenous cereal and salivary enzymes start to be released from the food matrix. IP6 released from phytate complexes with arabinoxylans, starch and protein bodies would eventually enhance the absorption of nutrients, including phenolics, by regulating tight junctions and, together with ferulic acid (FA), would maintain cell barrier integrity and epithelial antibacterial immunity. In addition, both IP6 and FA exert potent and complementary antioxidant effects, while FA together with IPx generated through advanced hydrolysis of IP6 by endogenous and microbial phytases may affect digestive enzyme activity and incretin secretion, resulting in modulated insulin and glucagon release and prevention of various diabetic complications. Contrary to widespread negative attitudes towards phytate, in this review, we present the strategy of selecting cereals with high phytate and phenolic content, as well as high endogenous phytase, feruloyl esterase and endoxylanase activities, to produce value-added health-promoting foods. The advanced hydrolysis of phytate and phenolic compounds by cereal and/or microbial enzymes would generate substantial amounts of “enzymatically generated inositol” (EGI), including IP6, IPx and myo-inositol, the compounds that, together with free FA, provide enhanced bioavailability of cereal nutrients through multiple synergistic effects not previously realised.
Integrative Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses Reveal the Effects of Plucking Flower on Polysaccharide Accumulation in the Rhizomes of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua
Authors: Yang Huidong , Li Hua , Huang Jiahui , Liu Xincheng , Hu Zhongdong , Liu Yi
Published: February 2025

Polysaccharides are the major bioactive components of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, and their biosynthesis and accumulation are influenced by many agronomic practices. In this study, we applied integrative metabolome and transcriptome analyses to investigate the accumulation of bioactive components in one-year-old (1Y) and six-year-old (6Y) rhizomes of P. cyrtonema Hua treated with a plucking flower. The compound content analysis suggested that six-year-old treated rhizomes (T6) accumulated the highest polysaccharide content compared to that of one-year-old treated rhizomes (T1), one-year-old untreated rhizomes (C1), and six-year-old untreated rhizomes (C6). Metabolomics analysis showed that 4-O-galactopyranosylxylose, 6-O-α-l-arabinopyranosyl-d-glucopyranose, d-arabinose and dl-xylose significantly accumulated in T6 rhizomes. Carbohydrate metabolic pathways, including “glycolysis/gluconeogenesis”, “pentose and glucoronate interconversions” and “amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism” were highly correlated with polysaccharide biosynthesis and accumulation. The transcriptome data indicated that UPG2, GPI, and GALE were positively upregulated in T6_vs_C6. In parallel, RHM and PEI were down-regulated in T6_vs_C6. Taken together, this study not only indicates that the candidate metabolites/metabolic pathways and genes affected by plucking flowers may influence the accumulation of polysaccharides in the rhizomes but also provides an easy and feasible agronomic practice to facilitate the accumulation of polysaccharides in the rhizomes of P. cyrtonema Hua.
Enantioselective Synthesis of the Sex Pheromone of Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) and Its Stereoisomers
Authors: Wang Jianan , Li Xiaoyang , Zhou Yun , Bian Qinghua , Zhong Jiangchun
Published: February 2025

(2S,7S)-2,7-Nonanediyl dibutyrate is the sex pheromone of Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin). In this study, this sex pheromone and its three stereoisomers were prepared. Central to this strategy was the ring opening of chiral epoxide with an alkynyllithium and the hydrogenation of the triple bond. Moreover, this approach consisted of six steps, and the total yields were 59–64%.
Small but Mighty: A Microfluidic Biofuel Cell-Based Biosensor for the Determination of Ethanol
Authors: Monkratok Jirawan , Janphuang Pattanaphong , Chansaenpak Kantapat , Lisnund Sireerat , Blay Vincent , Pinyou Piyanut
Published: February 2025

We developed a membraneless-microfluidic biofuel cell (MBFC) for the quantification of ethanol. The system employs anolyte and catholyte solutions, each containing a biocatalyst and redox mediator. The laminar flow conditions in the microfluidic chip minimize the mixing between anolyte and catholyte and obviate the need for a membrane to separate them. When ethanol is added to the anolyte, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) catalyzes its oxidation to acetaldehyde, releasing electrons to the anode. On the cathode, electrons are transferred to horseradish peroxidase (HRP), which reduces hydrogen peroxide in the catholyte to water. We optimized key design factors and operating conditions. We also studied the incorporation of glycerol as a viscosity modifier, which improved the power and current density supplied by the MBFC, with a maximum power output of 307 µW cm−2 and an open circuit voltage of 0.733 V. The proposed ethanol/hydrogen peroxide MBFC was successfully applied as a biofuel cell-based sensor for the quantification of ethanol in a commercial liquor.
Dislocation Transformations at the Common 30°⟨0001⟩ Grain Boundaries During Plastic Deformation in Magnesium
Authors: Zhu Yulong , Sun Yaowu , Huang An , Wang Fangxi , Chen Peng
Published: February 2025

After the thermal-mechanical processing of Mg alloys, extensive 30°⟨0001⟩ grain boundaries (GBs) are present in the recrystallized structure, which strongly affects the mechanical properties via interactions with lattice dislocations. In this work, we systematically investigate how the 30°⟨0001⟩ GBs influence the slip transmission during plastic deformation. We reveal that basal dislocations can be transmuted into its neighboring grain and continue gliding on the basal plane. The prismatic dislocation can transmit the GB remaining on the same Burgers vector. However, a mobile pyramidal c+a dislocation can be absorbed at GBs, initiating the formation of new grain. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding on GB-dislocation interaction in hexagonal close-packed (HCP) metals.
Stress-Induced Hyperglycemia Predicts Poor Outcomes in Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients
Authors: Gilotra Kevin , Basem Jade , Janssen Melissa , Swarna Sujith , Mani Racheed , Ren Benny , Dashti Reza
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The current literature suggests hyperglycemia can predict poor outcomes in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Chronic hyperglycemia is seen in patients with pre-existing diabetes (DM); however, acute hyperglycemia in non-diabetic patients is defined as stress-induced hyperglycemia (SIH). This study explored the influence of hyperglycemia on outcomes of primary ICH patients both in the presence and absence of pre-existing DM. Methods: Data regarding admission glucose, pre-existing DM, inpatient mortality, and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at discharge were available for 636 patients admitted to Stony Brook Hospital from January 2011 to December 2022 with a primary diagnosis of ICH. Regression models were used to compare outcomes between patients with admission hyperglycemia and/or pre-existing DM to a control group of normoglycemic and non-diabetic ICH patients. Results: Patients with SIH had higher inpatient mortality rates and worse mRS scores at discharge (p < 0.001). An association with higher mortality and worse mRS scores at discharge was also seen in patients with hyperglycemia secondary to DM, although the strength of this association was weaker when compared to patients with SIH. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that SIH may play a greater role in predicting poor outcomes at discharge rather than a history of poorly controlled DM with chronic hyperglycemia. To develop a more thorough understanding of this topic, prospective studies evaluating the effect of changes in serum glucose during hospital stay on short and long-term outcomes is needed.