bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cdk5 Phosphorylation of STAT3 in Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons Is Involved in Promoting Axonal Regeneration After Peripheral Nerve Injury
Authors: Hwang Jinyeon , Namgung Uk
Published: May 2020

Purpose: The goal of this study is to investigate the role of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) in axonal regeneration in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons after peripheral nerve injury.Methods: Crush injury was given on the sciatic nerve in rats. The DRG tissues were prepared 1, 3, and 7 days after injury and used for western blotting and immunofluorescence staining experiments. Primary DRG neurons were prepared and treated with Cdk5 inhibitor roscovitine or used for transfections with plasmid constructs. After immunofluorescence staining, neurite length of DRG neurons was analyzed and compared among experimental groups. In addition, roscovitine was injected into the DRG in vivo, and the sciatic nerve after injury was prepared and used for immunofluorescence staining to analyze axonal regeneration in nerve sections.Results: Levels of Cdk5 and p25 were increased in DRG neurons after sciatic nerve injury (SNI). Levels of S727-p-STAT3, but not Y705-p-STAT3, were increased in the DRG. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that Cdk5 and STAT3 proteins were mostly colocalized in DRG neurons and Y705-p-STAT3 signals were localized within the nucleus area of DRG neurons. A blockade of Cdk5 activity by roscovitine or by transfection with dominant negative Cdk5 (dn-Cdk5) and nonphosphorylatable forms of STAT3 (S727A or Y705F) resulted in significant reductions of the neurite outgrowth of cultured DRG neurons. In vivo administration of roscovitine into the DRG markedly attenuated distal elongation of regenerating axons in the sciatic nerve after injury.Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that Cdk5 activity induced from DRG neurons after SNI increased phosphorylation of STAT3. The activation of Cdk5-STAT3 pathway may be involved in promoting axonal regeneration in the peripheral nerve after injury.
Diskursanalyse: et mulig bidrag til utdanningshistorisk forskning
Authors: Ulleberg Hans Petter
Published: May 2020

Diskursbegrepet er mangfoldig, og begrepet er på mote. Vi kan oppleve at begrepene diskurs og diskursanalyse brukes uten noen nærmere bestemmelse av begrepenes innhold eller begrensninger, men diskurs og diskursanalyse dekker ulike metodiske og teoretiske posisjoner. Begrepenes mangfoldighet er nok en av grunnene til deres gjennomslagskraft, men dette mangfoldet kan samtidig gjøre det teoretisk vanskelig å få grep om diskursbegrepet (Olesen 2006). Felles er imidlertid en problematisering rundt språket og språkets evne til å gjenspeile virkeligheten. Tidvis anvendes begrepet diskurs nesten som en forklaringskategori, hvor diskursen blir årsaken til forestillinger og handlinger som igjen produserer en sosial og kulturell praksis. Videre kan begrepet brukes ideologikritisk, og da som en innfallsvinkel til å analysere hvilke dominerende tale- og forståelsesmåter som er til stede i en konkret tekst, for eksempel i en utdanningspolitisk tekst. I artikkelen vil jeg først diskutere diskursbegrepet og vektlegge en presentasjon av Michel Foucaults diskursanalyse. Videre vil jeg si noe om den utdanningshistoriske forskningstradisjon, og til slutt antyder jeg hva en Foucaultinspirert diskursanalytisk tilnærming kan bidra med eller åpne opp for av analytiske perspektiv for utdanningshistorisk forskning.
Routine Medical Checkup Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Health Care Workers in a Tertiary Health Facility in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Ojong Idang Neji , Nsemo Alberta David , Aji Prudence
Published: May 2020

INTRODUCTION: Routine medical checkup is seen as effective in preventing illness and promoting health as well as reducing morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of routine health check-up among health care workers (Doctors, Nurses, Radiographers, Lab scientists, Pharmacists, Medical record officers and Health assistants) in a tertiary health facility in Calabar, Nigeria.

METHODS: A descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select sample size of 318. Data was collected through a structured interviewer questionnaire with the reliability coefficient of 0.83. Data generated were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS v.20). The significance of the hypothesis was tested using Chi – Square statistics at <0.05 level of significance.

RESULT: From the findings, majority of the respondents, 295 (92.8%) had good knowledge of routine health checkup. Most respondents, 205 (64.5%) had positive attitude towards routine health checkup. And a few respondents, 147 (46%) practiced routine health checkup. Hypothesis revealed that the calculated X2 value (5.92a) was greater than the critical X2 value of 3.84 at <0.05 level of significance showing that there was a significant relationship between Doctors and Nurses knowledge and practice of routine health checkup.

CONCLUSION: In conclusion, health workers had good knowledge and positive attitude towards routine health checkup. Poor practice of routine medical checkup was also observed. Hence, the researchers recommended that regular seminars and mandatory annual medical examinations should be organized for health workers in all the departments in the hospital to improve their knowledge and practice of routine health check-up. There is need to study the factors associated with practice of medical checkup among Doctors and Nurses in the study area.
The Effect of Peer-Mediated Adaptive Physical Activity Program on Problem Behaviors of Mentally Handicapped Students
Authors: Esentürk Oğuz Kaan , Güngör Nuri Berk
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of peer-mediated adaptive physical activity program on problem behaviors of mentally handicapped students. Eight mentally handicapped students and eight peer students with normal development participated in this study, which was designed according to a sequential descriptive design. In the research, peer education program was applied to the peer students in line with the skills expected to be exhibited during the practices. In the study, Problem Behavior Sub-Scale (PBS), which is one of the subscales of Social Skills Rating System (SSRS) developed by Gresham and Elliot (1990) and Turkish adaptation by Sucuoglu and Ozokcu (2005) was used as a quantitative data collection tool. As a qualitative data collection tool, semi-structured interview form was used. The Friedman test was used to analyze the quantitative data, and Wilcoxon Signs test was used to determine the source of the difference. Significance value was determined as 0.05. In the analysis of qualitative data, content analysis was applied. The quantitative findings of the study showed that the peer-mediated APA program was effective on the problem behaviors of mentally handicapped students and that the skills acquired as a result of the practice were maintained by the children three weeks after the completion of the practices. In the qualitative findings, the teachers stated that after the peer-mediated APA program, there were positive developments in the ability of mentally handicapped students to experience push-pull, touch discomfort, fear, trust, power control with their peers and to act in accordance with the instructions. The obtained qualitative and quantitative findings showed that peer mediated APA program had positive effects on the problem behaviors of mentally handicapped students.
Main issues related to the protection of historic real estate: topic outline
Authors: Zeidler Kamil
Published: May 2020

The aim of the article is on the one hand to indicate and briefly characterise the main –
although for obvious reasons not all – problems concerning the protection of historical monuments
in Poland in general, and real estate monuments in particular, against the background
of the general description of the cultural heritage protection law. These problems are already
present when trying to define the object of protection; they are substantially related to
the issue of social interest (often referred to as public interest or common interest) and come
out in full light, in the process of applying the law, when dealing with the issue of too wide a scope
of discretionary power of the historic monuments protection authority. On the other hand,
and even more importantly, the aim here is to indicate the problems that must be taken into account
when planning the necessary changes to the law on the protection of historical monuments,
first of all the Act on the Protection and Care of Historical Monuments of 23 July 2003, which
is often referred to as the „constitution for the protection of historical monuments in Poland”.
Lack of reaction to negative events, including undertaking appropriate legislative actions, but
also those aimed at improving the quality of law application by institutions for the protection
of historical monuments, will often lead to irreversible and irreparable changes in the Polish
national heritage.
Openness of examination proceedings before the Warsaw’s Real Estate Reprivatisation Commission
Authors: Ostojski Przemysław
Published: May 2020

The article concerns the openness of examination proceedings before the Warsaw’s Real Estate Reprivatisation Commission, which constitute specific procedure in relation to general administrative proceedings governed by the provisions of the Polish Code of Administrative Procedure. Through a dogmatic analysis, I have proved that these proceedings are governed by rules corresponding not only to the internal openness – typical for administrative proceedings, but also external openness – which constitutes a sort of novum, creating a high standard of transparency in administrative proceedings. The external openness in examination proceedings before the Commission means the introduction of an open trial, the images and sounds of which, upon the chairperson’s consent, can be recorded by the mass media. Moreover, the legislator also ordered to publish decisions concluding proceedings in the Bulletin of Public Information on the website of the office supporting the Minister of Justice. In practice, a variety of information about the proceedings, including notifications, notices, resolutions and decisions, is published in the Bulletin.
Deduction of VAT from investments carried out on land of local government units
Authors: Daniel Paweł
Published: May 2020

The aim of the article is to characterise problems of deducting VAT in the situation of specific
expenditure made by local government units connected with carrying out investments.
The considerations lead to the conclusion that local government units are entitled to deduct VAT
from investments carried out thereby on their real estate in the situation where expenditure
made is connected with business operations performed thereby. While making deductions, they
are obliged to apply pre-factor specified in the Ordinance of the Minister of Finance, although
it is also possible to apply other pre-factor if it takes into account the specific nature of business
operations in a sufficiently clear way and allows an objective determination of proportions between
taxed and untaxed activities in this area.
Intraovarian vascular enhancement via stromal injection of platelet-derived growth factors: Exploring subsequent oocyte chromosomal status and in vitro fertilization outcomes
Authors: Wood Samuel H. , Sills E. Scott
Published: May 2020

The inverse correlation between maternal age and pregnancy rate represents a major challenge for reproductive endocrinology. The high embryo ploidy error rate in failed in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles reflects genetic misfires accumulated by older oocytes over time. Despite the application of different follicular recruitment protocols during IVF, gonadotropin modifications are generally futile in addressing such damage. Even when additional oocytes are retrieved, quality is frequently poor. Older oocytes with serious cytoplasmic and/or chromosomal errors are often harvested from poorly perfused follicles, and ovarian vascularity and follicular oxygenation impact embryonic chromosomal competency. Because stimulation regimens exert their effects briefly and immediately before ovulation, gonadotropins alone are an ineffective antidote to long-term hypoxic pathology. In contrast, the tissue repair properties (and particularly the angiogenic effects) of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are well known, with applications in other clinical contexts. Injection of conventional PRP and/or its components (e.g., isolated platelet-derived growth factors as a cell-free substrate) into ovarian tissue prior to IVF has been reported to improve reproductive outcomes. Any derivative neovascularity may modulate oocyte competence by increasing cellular oxygenation and/or lowering concentrations of intraovarian reactive oxygen species. We propose a mechanism to support intrastromal angiogenesis, improved follicular perfusion, and, crucially, embryo ploidy rescue. This last effect may be explained by mRNA upregulation coordinated by PRP-associated molecular signaling, as in other tissue systems. Additionally, we outline an intraovarian injection technique for platelet-derived growth factors and present this method to help minimize reliance on donor oocytes and conventional hormone replacement therapy.
Endometrial profilin 1: a key player in embryo-endometrial crosstalk
Authors: Lee Chang-Jin , Hong Seon-Hwa , Yoon Min-Ji , Lee Kyung-Ah , Ko Jung-Jae , Koo Hwa Seon , Kim Jee Hyun , Choi Dong Hee , Kwon Hwang , Kang Youn-Jung
Published: May 2020

Objective: Despite extensive research on implantation failure, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between the embryo and the maternal endometrium, which is critical for successful pregnancy. Profilin 1 (PFN1), which is expressed both in the embryo and in the endometrial epithelium, acts as a potent regulator of actin polymerization and the cytoskeletal network. In this study, we identified the specific role of endometrial PFN1 during embryo implantation.Methods: Morphological alterations depending on the status of PFN1 expression were assessed in PFN1-depleted or control cells grown on Matrigel-coated cover glass. Day-5 mouse embryos were cocultured with Ishikawa cells. Comparisons of the rates of F-actin formation and embryo attachment were performed by measuring the stability of the attached embryo onto PFN1-depleted or control cells.Results: Depletion of PFN1 in endometrial epithelial cells induced a significant reduction in cell-cell adhesion displaying less formation of colonies and a more circular cell shape. Mouse embryos co-cultured with PFN1-depleted cells failed to form actin cytoskeletal networks, whereas more F-actin formation in the direction of surrounding PFN1-intact endometrial epithelial cells was detected. Furthermore, significantly lower embryo attachment stability was observed in PFN1-depleted cells than in control cells. This may have been due to reduced endometrial receptivity caused by impaired actin cytoskeletal networks associated with PFN1 deficiency.Conclusion: These observations definitively demonstrate an important role of PFN1 in mediating cell-cell adhesion during the initial stage of embryo implantation and suggest a potential therapeutic target or novel biomarker for patients suffering from implantation failure.
Peer Counseling in der Behindertenhilfe
Authors: Vieweg Barbara
Published: May 2020

Menschen mit einer eigenen Behinderung können anderen Betroffenen am eigenen Beispiel zeigen, wie ein Leben mit Behinderung aktiv gestaltet werden kann.
Soziale Arbeit im Kinderschutz in der Medizin – ein Puzzleteil im Gesamtkonzept?
Authors: Sommer Elisabeth
Published: May 2020

Soziale Arbeit wird ein fester Bestandteil von Kinderschutzgruppen an Kliniken. Doch welche Bedeutung kommt ihr zu? Der Beitrag eröffnet auf diese Frage theoretische Bezüge und praktische Perspektiven, die auf einem empirischen Projekt beruhen.1 Einerseits wird Soziale Arbeit als unentbehrlich, andererseits als verzichtbar markiert. Entscheidend ist die konzeptionelle Verankerung, sowie ein eindeutiges Profil Sozialer Arbeit im multiprofessionellen Team.
Big Data & Künstliche Intelligenz – Neue Anforderungen an die Fachlichkeit in sozialen Berufen
Authors: Seelmeyer Udo
Published: May 2020

Vor dem Hintergrund einer zunehmenden Nutzung digitaler Technologien müssen nicht nur organisationale und sozialwirtschaftliche Antworten entwickelt werden, sondern auch neue Formen der Fachlichkeit.
»Die Zukunft gehört uns…«
Authors: Pinkert Beate , Vögeli Willi
Published: May 2020

§1 SGB IX (neu) fordert bei der Gestaltung und Erbringung von Leistungen, dass: »... den besonderen Bedürfnissen von Menschen mit seelischen Behinderungen oder von einer solchen Behinderung bedrohter Menschen Rechnung getragen« wird. Das Zukunftsmodell der Sozialpsychiatrischen Zentren zeigt, wie dies gelingen kann.
Beidhändig?! Die überlebenswichtige Aufgabe von Führung im Spannungsfeld zwischen bestehendem und zukünftigem Geschäft
Authors: Müller Christiane , Schmidt Alexander
Published: May 2020

Die Digitalisierung ist heute die bestimmende, treibende Kraft auf allen Ebenen. Mit ungewohnt hoher Geschwindigkeit verändert sie Märkte, Kunden und Organisationen. Sie bringt die beherrschende Stellung von manchen, bisher unangreifbar geglaubten Unternehmen zum Wanken. Sie rückt die Kunden mit Ihren Anforderungen in den Mittelpunkt und bringt sie in eine stärkere Position. Neue Mitbewerber bedrohen in vielen Branchen die bewährten Geschäftsmodelle. Die Frage, die sich gerade für uns alle stellt, ist nicht mehr, ob man von der vierten industriellen Revolution betroffen ist, sondern wann und in welcher Form (Klaus Schwab 2016, Begründer des World Economic Forums). Organisationen müssen sich an diese Herausforderungen anpassen bzw. ihre Anpassungsfähigkeit massiv erhöhen. »Responsiveness« und Adaptivität sind die begrifflichen Konzepte dazu. Die dafür notwendigen Veränderungsprozesse bringen neue Zielkonflikte bzw. verschärfen bereits bestehende. Für Unternehmen ist es überlebenswichtig, den Zielkonflikt zwischen Sicherung und Optimierung des bestehenden Geschäfts bei gleichzeitiger Innovation mit hoher Aufmerksamkeit konstruktiv zu führen. Dieser Artikel beschreibt, was Führung dazu leisten kann und muss.
Attenuation of Environmental Noise through Digital Filtering
Authors: Ríos Juan , Aguilar Celedonio
Published: May 2020

This chapter proposes the implementation of an environmental noise cancelation system using the least mean squares algorithm with noise amplitude modulation (NAMLMS). The system was implemented in a dsPIC3020F10 digital processor. The results obtained demonstrate that low- and high-frequency signals are attenuated allowing the passage of an audible range between 5 kHz and 18.9 kHz, the above using real-time processing.
Application of Thoracic Ultrasonography for Acute Cor Pulmonale in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Patients
Authors: Shang You , Zhou Ting
Published: May 2020

Beneficial therapeutic interventions for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) include lung protective ventilation; however, ventilator may cause or sometimes worsen acute cor pulmonale (ACP) induced by pulmonary gas exchange disorder and pulmonary vascular dysfunction due to ARDS. The incidence of ACP was 22–50% in mechanically ventilated patients. Currently, point-of-care ultrasound has been widely used in ARDS patients, which becomes much more important in the early detection and management of ARDS and its complications. Application of lung ultrasound combined with echocardiography could monitor respiratory status, hemodynamics, and cardiac function and optimize the ventilation setting in order to protect both lung and right ventricle. This chapter will discuss the pathophysiology of ACP associated with ARDS and the use of point-of-care ultrasound to make protective strategies for lung and right ventricle in detail.
Lessons Learned and Recent Advances in Dengue Research
Authors: Samuel Sulca Herencia Juan
Published: May 2020

Dengue is the most important arbovirus, many research have contributed to the diagnosis, management, prevention and control of this disease, which will be described in this chapter, for example: the importance of serotypes and genotypes for the development of the disease, the relationship of the viral load between symptomatic and asymptomatic people, the influence of antibodies on the development of the disease, co-infections with microorganisms and chronic diseases, possible reservoirs, the diagnostic assays, cross-reactions in the diagnosis, the influence of climate change on the disease and the vector, mechanisms of transmission of the disease, new drugs and plant extracts with antiviral activity, the dengue vaccine, the results of immunizations, etc. This information gives a concrete idea of the advances and challenges against this disease.
Metabolic Programming and Nutrition
Authors: Guiomar de Almeida Brasiel Poliana , Cristina Potente Dutra Luquetti Sheila
Published: May 2020

Epidemiological and experimental studies have and continue to offer valuable insight into the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis, which emphasizes the importance of early-life nutritional and environmental changes on the increased risk of metabolic diseases in later life. It is now known that non-communicable chronic diseases that were previously associated with lifestyle and genetics have their origins early in life. It is well established that early life environmental signals, including nutrition, set the stage for long-term health and disease risk—effects that span multiple generations. This relationship began still in the intrauterine period and extends throughout the critical period of development. Many types of nutritional challenges including caloric restriction, macronutrient excess, and micronutrient insufficiencies have been shown to induce early life adaptations that produce long-term dysfunction. Several pathways have been suggested to underpin these associations, including epigenetic reprogramming of germ cells. While the mechanisms still remain to be fully investigated, the relationship of nutrition factors in early life and metabolic diseases are clear. This chapter focuses on the role that the nutrition presents during critical periods of development and its repercussions into adulthood.
Improved Narrow Water Extraction Using a Morphological Linear Enhancement Technique
Authors: Bo Wu , Jinmu Zhang , Yindi Zhao
Published: May 2020

An improved water extraction method using a morphological linear enhancement technique is proposed to improve the delineation of narrow water features for the modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) derived from remote sensing images. This method introduces a morphological white top-hat (WTH) transforming operation on the MNDWI to extract multi-scale and multidirectional differential morphological profiles and constructs a morphological narrow water index (MNWI). The MNWI can effectively enhance the local contrast of linear objects, allowing narrow water bodies to be easily separated from mountain shadows and other features. Furthermore, to accurately delineate surface water bodies, a dual-threshold segmentation method was also developed by combining an empirical threshold segmentation with the MNDWI for wide water bodies and an automatic threshold segmentation with the MNWI for narrow water bodies. This method was validated using three experimental datasets, which were taken from two different Landsat images. Our results demonstrate that narrow water bodies can be sufficiently identified, with an overall accuracy of over 90%. Most narrow streams or rivers keep a continuous shape in space, and the boundaries of the water bodies are accurately delineated as compared with the MNDWI method. Finally, the proposed method was used to extract the entire inland surface water of Fujian province, China.
Relevance ofShari’ahGovernance in Driving Performance of Islamic Banks during the Financial Crisis: International Evidence
Authors: Mansour Nomran Naji , Haron Razali
Published: May 2020

This study aims to examine the impact of Shari’ah governance mechanism on the performance of Islamic banks (IBs) during the financial crisis of 2008. Data were collected from 66 IBs over 18 countries covering the period of 2007–2015 and analyzed using the System-GMM estimator. The findings indicate that an increase in SSB effectiveness increases IBs’ performance even during the crisis periods. A possible justification for this positive effect is related to the SG structure of IBs that allows them to undertake higher risks to achieve a high efficiency level. For this, the IBs, policymakers and practitioners should consider these findings when aiming to improve SG practices in the Islamic banking industry, which in turn may help in protecting IBs during crisis and non-crisis periods. More specifically, they should give due importance to SSB (size, cross-membership, educational qualification, reputation and expertise) in enhancing the performance of IBs during the crisis and non-crisis periods. This study provides additional evidence on how IBs can sustain their performance during either crisis or non-crisis periods through adopting appropriate SG structure. However, the study only focuses on a small sample of 66 IBs due to lack of the data.
Pediatric Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Yu Priscilla , D. Esangbedo Ivie , Raman Lakshmi , Darnell Bowens Cindy
Published: May 2020

This chapter will focus on four important topics in pediatric cardiac arrest. We will highlight recent developments in pediatric CPR quality, medications used in cardiac arrest, ECPR, and post-cardiac arrest care (PCAC) and discuss the existing literature behind AHA guidelines and gaps in knowledge. Optimization of CPR quality is critical during cardiac arrest. We will summarize literature regarding current guidelines which target provider-centered goals and discuss evidence behind patient-centered goals. We will also discuss the evidence behind drugs used in the PALS guidelines. In cases of refractory cardiac arrest, ECMO can be lifesaving; however, there are still many gaps in our knowledge of this field. We will summarize the literature regarding determination of candidacy, cannulation strategies, resuscitation practices during ECPR, and outcomes. After a cardiac arrest, PCAC is crucial to minimize further injury from post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). The main goals of PCAC are to prevent further brain injury, treat myocardial dysfunction, and systemic ischemia/reperfusion injury. We will discuss AHA guidelines on oxygenation and ventilation goals, targeted temperature management, hemodynamic monitoring, and neuromonitoring.
Development and Characterization of High-Quality HfO2/InGaAs MOS Interface
Authors: Eom Sukeun , Kong Min-woo , Seo Kwang-seok
Published: May 2020

The scope of this chapter is to introduce a highly efficient HfO2 atomic layer deposition (ALD) process with superior interface defect characteristics that can be applied on high-mobility III-V substrates. For a long time, the major academic research of III-V metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) studies was mainly oriented on searching for the suitable high-k dielectric, and among the reported high-k/III-V MOS studies, Al2O3 and AlN have demonstrated the most promising results. However, usually, the dielectrics with higher dielectric constant suffered from more defective interface quality including the HfO2, which should be overcome to meet the intensive operation voltage scaling requirements. In order to protect the interface of the HfO2/III-V MOS, the exposed III-V surface has to be carefully treated before, while, and after the whole high-k deposition process. For this purpose, the effect of isopropyl alcohol precursor and in situ cyclic nitrogen plasma treatment on the HfO2 ALD process at III-V substrates was thoroughly investigated. Remarkable interface state density levels with strong inversion behavior were achieved, which have not been observed at the previous HfO2/InGaAs studies. Also, detailed analysis of the interface characteristics was investigated to broaden the understanding of the improvement phenomenon.
Flux Reversal Machine Design
Authors: Gao Yuting , Liu Yang
Published: May 2020

Flux reversal permanent magnet machines (FRPMMs) have a simple reluctance rotor and a stator with armature windings and permanent magnets (PMs). Due to the high torque density and high efficiency of FRPMMs, they have been widely used in many applications such as electric vehicle, wind power generation, etc. However, the general design method of FRPMMs has not been established in books. Therefore, this chapter will focus on introducing an analytical design method, which allows for fast design of FRPMMs. First of all, the analytical sizing equations are deduced based on a magneto motive force (MMF)-permeance model. After that, the effects of some key performances including average torque, pulsating torque, power factor, and PM demagnetization are analyzed. Moreover, the feasible slot-pole combinations are summarized and the corresponding winding type of each combination is recommended in order to maximize the output torque. Besides, the detailed geometric design of stator and rotor are presented. Finally, a case study is presented to help readers better understand the introduced design methodology.
Diffusion and Quantum Well Intermixing
Authors: Tabbakh Thamer
Published: May 2020

Diffusion or intermixing is the movement of particles through space. It primarily occurs in every form of matter because of thermal motion. Atom diffusion and intermixing can also happen in crystalline semiconductors whereby the atoms that are diffusing and intermixing move from one side of the lattice to the adjacent one in the crystal semiconductor. Atom diffusion, which may also involve defects (including native and dopant), is at the core of processing of semiconductors. The stages involved in semiconductor processing are growth, followed by post-growth, and then the construction stage comes last. The control of every aspect of diffusion is necessary to accomplish the required goals, therefore creating a need for knowing what diffuses at any point in time. This chapter will briefly summarize the techniques that are in existence and are used to create diffused quantum wells (QWs). Also, it will outline the examples of QW semiconductor lasers and light-emitting diode (LED) by the utilization of inter-diffusion techniques and give recent examples.
Role of Primary Health Care System in Response to a Major Incident: Challenges and Actions
Authors: Falah Huaidi Al-Jazairi Abdulnasir
Published: May 2020

There is obvious increase in world population and in term of number of major incidents (MI) all over the world, there is a need for faster and wider responses. To achieve this aim and keep losses to the minimum, we need to optimize our methods and protocols of the response to decrease the losses, pain, and suffering of people and losses of infrastructures, belongings, and the country’s future. Primary health care (PHC) system, which is present in all residency gatherings in cities and towns, provides suitable potential for this improvement. This role has been formulated in 1978 in Alma-Ata meeting, which changes the scope of service of primary health care system to take responsibility of the community in addition to patients’ care. The involvement of the primary health care in response to major incidents shows good results, and there is a need to strengthen the major incidents’ response plan in the primary health care to provide better response and help to all populations especially the vulnerable ones.
Middle Miocene Evaporites from Northern Iraq: Petrography, Geochemistry, and Cap Rock Efficiency
Authors: I. Al-Juboury Ali , A. Mahmood Rana , M. Al-Hamdani Abulaziz
Published: May 2020

Evaporites (gypsum and anhydrite) of the middle Miocene age (Fat’ha Formation) form one of the main sulfate cap rocks in the Middle East oilfields. Detailed petrographic and diagenetic investigations accompanied with geochemical analysis of these evaporite rocks in Mosul and Kirkuk areas of northern Iraq have revealed that nodular gypsum is the dominant type, whereas laminated, structureless, and secondary (selenite and satin spar) also are present. Nodular gypsum was deposited in a very shallow, arid, and semi-restricted lagoonal environment which has undergone influx and reflux processes, while laminated gypsum may represent pulses of freshwater into the lagoonal basin of Fat’ha Formation. Low strontium values of the secondary and laminated gypsum may attribute to their secondary origin by hydration processes from the original anhydrite. Based on petrographic, diagenetic, and petrophysical (porosity and permeability) properties, it appears that the efficiency of the Fat’ha sulfates as petroleum cap rocks increases with increasing nodular growth and compaction degree. The occasional presence of bitumen inclusions with both nodular gypsum and host materials relates to early leakage of the hydrocarbons which were being halt due to the growing and packing of nodules and host materials.
POSS Fillers as a Factor Influencing on Viscoelastic Properties, Crystallization, and Thermo-Oxidative Degradation of Poly(Lactic Acid)-Epoxidized Natural Rubber PLA/ENR Blend
Authors: Lipińska Magdalena , Toczek Klaudia , Stefaniak Magdalena
Published: May 2020

Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) can be considered as the smallest silica particles that contain an inorganic cage-like silicon-oxygen structure surrounded by organic substituents. POSS are known to be reinforcing fillers able to enhance the fire retardancy and to increase the thermo-oxidative stability. The application of POSS with various functional groups and their effect on the properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is analyzed based on the literature review. The influence of POSS with hydroxyl and glycidyl groups on the viscoelastic properties, crystallization, and thermo-oxidative degradation of PLA containing various contents of natural rubber ENR is discussed. The application of POSS with hydroxyl and glycidyl groups as an additive enhancing compatibility of PLA toughened by epoxidized rubber (ENR) is described. It is reported that POSS molecules with hydroxyl groups can enhance the thermo-oxidative stability of PLA melt.
Taxonomic Chauvinism, No More!
Authors: Rozzi Ricardo ,   Center for Environmental Philosophy, The University of North Texas
Published: May 2020

The culture of global society commonly associates the word animal with vertebrates. Paradoxically, most of animal diversity is composed of small organisms that remain invisible in the global culture and are underrepresented in philosophy, science, and education. Twenty-first century science has revealed that many invertebrates have consciousness and the capacity to feel pain. These discoveries urge animal ethicists to be more inclusive and to reevaluate the participation of invertebrates in the moral community. Science also has warned of the disappearance of small animal co-inhabitants that is occurring in the midst of the sixth mass extinction. This “invisible extinction” compels environmental philosophers to make visible invertebrates, whose existence is precious in itself and for the functioning of ecosystems on which biodiversity and human societies depend. With a biocultural approach that integrates the biophysical and cultural dimensions of biodiversity, I investigate the roots of taxonomic chauvinism associated with the under-representation and subordination of invertebrates in modern philosophy and science. The bad news is the confirmation of a marked vertebratism in animal imagery. The good news is that David Hume, Charles Darwin, and biocultural ethics provide conceptual foundations for cultivating an appreciation of the small co-inhabitants with whom we share our local habitats and the global biosphere.
El Proceso de Implementación de Analíticas de Aprendizaje
Authors: Ruipérez-Valiente José A.
Published: May 2020

Con el despegue de la popularidad del área de analítica de aprendizaje durante la última década, numerosas investigaciones han surgido y la opinión pública se ha hecho eco de esta tendencia. Sin embargo, la realidad es que el impacto que ha tenido en la práctica ha sido bastante bajo, y se está produciendo poca transferencia a las instituciones educativas. Una de las posibles causas es la elevada complejidad del campo, y que no existan procesos claros; por ello, en este trabajo, se propone un pragmático proceso de implementación de analíticas de aprendizaje en cinco etapas: 1) entornos de aprendizaje, 2) recolección de datos en crudo, 3) manipulación de datos e ingeniería de características, 4) análisis y modelos y 5) aplicación educacional. Además, se revisan una serie de factores transversales que afectan esta implementación, como la tecnología, ciencias del aprendizaje, privacidad, instituciones y políticas educacionales. El proceso que se detalla puede resultar de utilidad para investigadores, analistas de datos educacionales, educadores e instituciones educativas que busquen introducirse en el área. Alcanzar el verdadero potencial de las analíticas de aprendizaje requerirá de estrecha colaboración y conversación entre todos los actores involucrados en su desarrollo, que permita su implementación de forma sistemática y productiva.
Predicción temprana de deserción mediante aprendizaje automático en cursos profesionales en línea
Authors: Urteaga Ignacio , Siri Laura , Garófalo Guillermo
Published: May 2020

A pesar de las ventajas del e-learning, esta modalidad de aprendizaje es proclive a la deserción. Estudios anteriores mostraron que se pueden aplicar técnicas de aprendizaje automático a los registros de interacciones entre estudiantes y la plataforma para predecir el abandono. En esa línea, este trabajo intenta encontrar modelos predictivos de deserción en cursos virtuales que duran entre seis y dieciséis semanas, utilizando registros de Moodle correspondientes a las dos primeras. Se evaluó la sensibilidad, especificidad y precisión de los modelos, pero se priorizó más en qué medida dichos modelos facilitaban evitar la deserción mediante acciones de retención efectivas en costo. Específicamente, se usaron datos de varias cohortes de cuatro cursos de temáticas y duraciones distintas, dictados por la Secretaría de Extensión de la Universidad Tecnológica Nacional de la República Argentina, Regional Buenos Aires, entre febrero de 2018 y octubre de 2019. Se usaron distintos algoritmos para generar modelos predictivos y optimizarlos hacia la mitigación de la pérdida económica causada por la deserción. Se analizó si alguno en particular generaba los mejores modelos para todos los cursos. Se estudió si convenía construir modelos separados por curso o bien uno para todo el conjunto de los datos de los cuatro cursos. Como conclusión, se encontró que sí es posible construir modelos predictivos exitosos y que el algoritmo que produjo los mejores modelos fue una red neuronal en tres de los cuatro cursos. Asimismo, resultó mejor el modelo que ajustó cada uno por separado.
Evaluación del resultado académico de los estudiantes a partir del análisis del uso de los Sistemas de Control de Versiones
Authors: Gutiérrez Fernández Alexis , Guerrero Higueras Ángel Manuel , Conde González Miguel Ángel , Fernández Llamas Camino
Published: May 2020

Una de las herramientas más utilizadas por los profesionales de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación son los sistemas de control de versiones. Estas herramientas permiten, entre otras cosas, monitorizar la actividad de las personas que trabajan en un proyecto. Por tanto, es recomendable que se utilicen también en las instituciones educativas. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar si el resultado académico de los estudiantes se puede predecir monitorizando su actividad en uno de estos sistemas. Para tal efecto, hemos construido un modelo que predice el resultado de los estudiantes en una práctica de la asignatura Ampliación de Sistemas Operativos, perteneciente al segundo curso del grado en Ingeniería Informática de la Universidad de León. Para obtener la predicción, el modelo analiza la interacción del estudiante con un repositorio Git. Para diseñar el modelo, se evalúan varios modelos de clasificación y predicción utilizando la herramienta MoEv. Esta herramienta permite entrenar y validar diferentes modelos de clasificación y obtener el más adecuado para un problema concreto. Además, la herramienta permite identificar las características más discriminantes dentro de los datos de entrada. El modelo resultante ha sido entrenado utilizando los resultados del curso 2016 – 2017. Posteriormente, para asegurar que el modelo generaliza correctamente, se ha validado utilizando datos del curso 2017 – 2018. Los resultados concluyen que el modelo predice el éxito de los estudiantes con un alto porcentaje de acierto.
Los saberes y competencias docentes en educación a distancia y digital. Una reflexión para la formación
Authors: García Aretio Lorenzo
Published: May 2020

Se pretende articular el estudio y la investigación científica, con el fin de generar teorías consistentes con la práctica educativa y los procedimientos técnicos puestos en acción para dotar de mayor consistencia, calidad y, por tanto, credibilidad a los formatos educativos no presenciales. Así, abordamos en este trabajo una breve delimitación sobre los diferentes ámbitos del conocimiento y de los saberes en el campo educativo para posteriormente, buscando esa relación, proponer los compromisos y las competencias que un docente de esta modalidad, preferentemente de nivel educativo superior, debería integrar en su corpus de conocimientos profesionales. En consecuencia, se describen los cuatro ámbitos más destacados del saber en educación: científico, teórico, técnico y práctico y las intersecciones entre ellos, para llegar a los compromisos y competencias de un docente, preferentemente universitario, que labora en formatos educativos no presenciales. Concluimos con que estos compromisos serían de carácter: profesional-laboral, ético, formativo, colaborativo y de gestión. Y en ese marco se englobarían los ámbitos de competencias docentes que deberían abarcar cuatro áreas: a) competencia disciplinar (materia o disciplina que se imparte), b) competencia pedagógica (metodología, comunicación, tutoría, evaluación, etc.), c) competencia tecnológica (aplicada al ámbito disciplinar, al pedagógico y a la investigación), y d) competencia de investigación e innovación (aplicada a su vez, a lo disciplinar, a lo pedagógico y a lo tecnológico). En suma, toda una base de reflexión para la capacitación de docentes.
Desarrollo de un cuestionario de evaluación de la competencia docente en línea
Authors: Luna Serrano Edna , Hernandez Villafaña Alma Delia
Published: May 2020

Evaluar la docencia con el fin de mejorar la calidad de la enseñanza implica reconocer su complejidad y contar con instrumentos de evaluación válidos que orienten hacia la mejora. El objetivo de este artículo es reportar el proceso de investigación que permitió desarrollar un cuestionario de evaluación formativa de la docencia en línea con base en la opinión de los estudiantes. Los participantes fueron seis expertos en el diseño e implementación de cursos en línea y un total de 2821 estudiantes universitarios. El método consistió en dos etapas: 1) Desarrollo del instrumento a través de fundamentación teórica sobre los elementos de la competencia docente en línea susceptibles de ser evaluados por estudiantes; elaboración de la matriz de especificación del cuestionario; validación de la matriz por el juicio de expertos y estudio piloto; 2) Aportación de evidencias de confiabilidad y validez incluyó la aplicación del cuestionario; cálculo de estadísticos descriptivos; análisis de unidimensionalidad por medio del modelo Rasch; determinación de la confiabilidad de los puntajes; análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio. Se demostró que 28 reactivos evalúan el mismo constructo y se confirmaron dos factores: previsión del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje; y conducción y evaluación de la experiencia de enseñanza y aprendizaje; una varianza total de 70.01% y alpha ordinal de .998; un índice de ajuste RMSEA= .08, SRMR= .03, CFI= .91. Se concluye que los resultados corroboraron el fundamento teórico del instrumento con características psicométricas aceptables, por lo que se recomienda su aplicación.
Discursos das missões cristãs atuais: Análise textual a partir dos textos bíblicos
Authors: Donato Naccer Cayc Ribeiro , Santos Sandra Morais Ribeiro dos
Published: May 2020

A partir das missões religiosas má-compreendidas surgem as intolerâncias religiosas. Com os vários expoentes da fundamentação de teologia da missão, os ensinamentos de Jesus Cristo são transmitidos de diversas formas; os comportamentos dos cristãos entre as próprias comunidades cristãs mostram uma pluralidade de ideias de teologia da missão. Entre os próprios cristãos há conflitos para definir quais missões religiosas seguem os ensinamentos de Jesus Cristo. A lógica cristã demonstra um conjunto de ideias para o bem comum de todos, muitas vezes estas ideias são intensificadas pelos discursos missionários religiosos, outras vezes são ideologias religiosas de dominação que oprimem outras culturas. Então, através do entendimento lógico dos discursos missionários religiosos, em específico do Cristianismo, reflete quais discursos se aproximam dos ensinamentos de Jesus Cristo transcritos nos textos bíblicos. O trabalho é um estudo sistemático com os principais expoentes teóricos de Teologia da Missão em todo contexto da globalização atual; são analisados os estudos dos textos bíblicos aplicados na atualidade, em correlação se reflete sobre os textos bíblicos e suas ideias universalizadas já consolidadas na cultura global. Os principais materiais científicos são livros coletâneas que explicam parcialmente todos os discursos das missões religiosas sobre a ótica dos ensinamentos dos textos bíblicos. Através dos discursos missionários religiosos transmitidos pelos expoentes teóricos da teologia da missão, reflete-se: As missões atuais condizem com os ensinamentos bíblicos? Quais são as missões que se aproximam da divindade de Jesus Cristo relatada na Bíblia? O que são as missões cristãs para o contexto da globalização?.
Music making politics: beyond lyrics
Authors: Franklin M.I.
Published: May 2020

In this article I argue that considering how any sort of music is made more closely - as sonic material, performance cultures, for whom and on whose terms, is integral to projects exploring the music-politics nexus. The case in point is “My Way”, a seemingly apolitical song, as it becomes repurposed: transformed through modes of performance, unusual musical arrangements, and performance contexts. The analysis reveals a deeper, underlying politics of music-making that still needs unpacking: the race, gender, and class dichotomies permeating macro- and micro-level explorations into the links between music, society, and politics. Incorporating a socio-musicological analytical framework that pays attention to how this song works musically, alongside how it can be reshaped through radical performance and production practices, shows how artists in diverging contexts can ‘re-music’ even the most hackneyed song into a form of political engagement.
The Writings of Sir Lewis Namier
Authors: Hayton David
Published: May 2020

Sir Lewis Namier (1888–1960) was not only a major twentieth-century historian, a pioneer of ‘scientific history’ who gave his name to a particular form of history-writing, but an important public intellectual. He played a significant role in public affairs, as an influential adviser to the British Foreign Office during the First World War and later as an active Zionist. This article offers a new perspective on his life and work by providing, for the first time, as comprehensive a bibliography as is currently possible of his voluminous writings: books, scholarly articles and contributions to periodicals and newspapers, including many hitherto unknown, and some published anonymously. The annotation includes not only bibliographical information but explanations and brief summaries of the content. The introduction gives an account of Namier’s life and an assessment of his significance as a historian and thinker.