bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histoedu, redes sociales e historia de la educación: el pasado pedagógico desde el presente educativo
Authors: PayÀ Rico Andrés , Duart Montoliu Josép M. , Mengual Andrés Santiago
Published: September 2016

El presente artículo muestra algunas reflexiones y resultados iniciales a propósito de un proyecto de investigación I+D+i sobre el aprovechamiento de las TIC y las redes sociales para la investigación universitaria de la historia de la educación. Los avances logrados respecto a la mejora de la comunicación docente y científica, la significatividad del aprendizaje y la motivación entre la comunidad académica, nos llevan a defender la necesidad de consolidar lo que hemos venido a denominar la historia de la educación 2.0 propia de la sociedad digital. Las múltiples oportunidades para aprender y construir el conocimiento de manera compartida nos retan a generar conocimiento en red y a colaborar conjuntamente para: dar a conocer nuestras investigaciones, conocer otras formas de trabajar, compartir recursos y experiencias, intercambiar información y trabajar colaborativamente; etc. El convencimiento y la apuesta por este tipo de trabajo en red, nos han llevado a la creación de HistoEdu como un espacio de colaboración científica y pedagógica relativo a la historia de la educación como disciplina.
A Religião e suas manifestações: uma análise freudiana
Authors: Silva Débora Dos Santos , Gomes Cícera Maria Dos Santos , Timoteo Emidia Inacio
Published: September 2016

O presente artigo busca descrever a forma como a psicanálise freudiana concebeu a religião e suas práticas ao longo da história. Desse modo, a psicanálise tenta lançar um olhar sobre o movimento religioso em suas diversas ramificações, mas com um único fundamento, a saber: a crença em divindades que guiam e protegem o sujeito na sua jornada existencial. Portanto, a pesquisa tenta discutir sobre a associação que pode ser feita entre a confiança do homem num Ser Supremo e o sentimento de desamparo e impotência infantil ante os percalços da vida. Conclui-se que a religião propõe ao crente ensinar sobre as leis divinas, consolá-lo ante os sofrimentos que a vida desperta e puni-lo se não nesta, mas na vida espiritual quando do não seguimento das leis prescritas. Porém, pode trazer inconformismo, revolta ou descrença quando o pensamento religioso entra em conflito com uma realidade muito frustrante ou quando os conhecimentos científicos começam a questionar as certezas absolutas que a religião comporta.
Psicopedagogo e Afetividade no Desenvolvimento de Alunos da Educação Especial: Uma Revisão da Literatura
Authors: Amorim Fabiane Renata de , Silva Júnior Edivaldo Xavier da
Published: September 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender a importância da afetividade para alunos da educação especial através do olhar psicopedagógico na literatura. O estudo é qualitativo, no qual foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados científicas, afim de obter trabalhos que servissem de base na construção deste. O afeto e a contribuição psicopedagógica norteiam o processo de ensino ampliando diversas práticas e desenvolve a aprendizagem em crianças especiais. Assim, faz-se com que o aluno ganhe confiança no espaço educacional tornando o ambiente propício à educação inclusiva. Várias técnicas de ensino necessitam ser adaptadas para os problemas físicos e psíquicos que podem estar ocultas ao olhar do professor. Nesse sentido, o psicopedagogo intervem utilizando estratégias de ensino que despertem e estimulem a aprendizagem. A afetividade, na educação especial, proporciona confiança e estabilidade psíquica e emocional, onde o psicopedagogo, principal peça neste processo, desperta o interesse das crianças especiais.Palavras chave: Afetividade. Educação Especial. Aprendizagem.
O uso do texto literário em sala de aula através da contação de histórias: trabalhando “O Pequeno Príncipe”
Authors: Silva Juan Barreto de Brito
Published: September 2016

Este manuscrito tem por objetivo utilizar o clássico infanto-juvenil O pequeno príncipe, do autor francês Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, para demonstrar como a ancestral arte da contação de histórias pode ser uma importante ferramenta pedagógica, pois apresenta a literatura de uma maneira lúdica e mais atraente para um público que sabe ler, mas não tem o hábito da leitura. Apoiando-se em estudos desenvolvidos por pesquisadores da área da educação, o texto detalha a metodologia sugerida para se trabalhar uma obra na íntegra, explorando e discutindo seus variados contextos e sua simbologia.
A Mercantilização do Ensino Superior a partir do projeto neoliberal
Authors: Lima Antônia Ângela de , Oliveira Raimunda Tânia Pinheiro de
Published: September 2016

O projeto neoliberal adentra no país a partir dos anos de 1980, mas foi concretizado efetivamente em 1990 com as medidas oficiais posta no Brasil para remediar os conflitos e a profunda crise econômica ao qual o país passava. Vários fatores o afetavam, inclusive o desemprego, a inflação, a miséria, dentre as expressões da questão social que estavam à mercê na sociedade. No entanto, a mercantilização do ensino superior no Brasil, advém de uma problemática bem antiga, e com todas as reformulações que passou as bases educacionais, principalmente com o desmonte das políticas públicas a educação brasileira foi afetada completamente e vivencia hoje uma moeda de troca que se compra em qualquer prateleira de supermercado. A problemática estudada foi identificar a mercantilização do ensino superior e o projeto neoliberal. A pesquisa vai ter como propósito discutir e abordar os vários aspectos das políticas públicas de ensino superior, bem como questionar o projeto neoliberal e as novas configurações que surgiram em torno dessas políticas. Para a realização da pesquisa utilizou-se do método bibliográfico. Espera-se que este trabalho possa contribuir para a comunidade acadêmica e a sociedade em modo geral, com intuito de desenvolvimento de outros estudos com esta temática.
The updates on Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) epidemiology, pathogenesis, viral genome and currently available drugs
Authors: Jadav Surender Singh , Ganta Narayana Murthy , Kumar Anoop , Dan Nirnoy , Mohanty Neha Padma
Published: September 2016

The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is caused by the novel coronavirus belongs to the family Betacoronaviridae was first identified in Saudi Arabia during 2012. The first epidemic outbreak of the MERS-CoV has been started reporting in the South Korea and other Asian Countries. The disease was transmitted to humans to humans from the Middle East to other countries through travelling history. The MERS-CoV is responsible for the lower acute and severe respiratory disorder causes the shortness of breath along with fever and cough. The treatment for the disease is purely symptomatic and vaccination is not existed. In the present work we are tried to compile the epidemiology, pathogenesis, viral genome and currently available drugs. At the last the promising approaches for the drug design and development process has been presented.
Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Anticancer activity of Thiazole Tagged Isatin Hydrazones
Authors: Eggadi Venkateshwarlu , Kulandaivelu Umasankar , Sheshagiri Sharvana Bhava Bandaru , Rao Jupalli Venkateshwar
Published: September 2016

Isatin and its derivatives is versatile lead molecule for potential bioactive agents and shows wide spectrum of activities. In this study, we evaluated antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of isatin-3-[N2-(2-benzalaminothiazol-4-yl)] hydrazone derivatives using well defined models. Antioxidant activity of the isatin derivatives (Va-Vj) was evaluated by using the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine radicals scavenging assay. The antimicrobial activity is evaluated by cup plate method and anticancer activity is evaluated by MTT assay against HBL-100 & HeLa cell lines. Compound Vh (R = 5-Cl, R1Â = OH & R2Â = OCH3) showed good antioxidant activity with the IC50Â of 8.09 M. In additionÂ VeÂ andÂ ViÂ have showned most active antibacterial activity againstÂ Bacillus subtilis,Â Staphylococcus aureusÂ andÂ Escherichia coliÂ with a Zone of Inhibition (mm) 20, 16, 18 and 14, 12, 15 on respective organism at 100 g/disc. The compound Vi have produced a good antifungal activity againstÂ Aspergillus nigerÂ andÂ Clostridium vericulataÂ with the zone of inhibition values of 9 and 8 mm respectively. These isatin derivatives also among the test compounds, compoundÂ VdÂ (R = 5-Cl, R1Â = OH & R2Â = OCH3) and compoundÂ VhÂ (R = 5-Cl, R1Â = OH & R2Â = OCH3) have shown nearly equal cytotoxic activity with IC50Â values of 246.53 mM and 247.29 mM against HBL-100 cell lines and HeLa cell lines respectively. From the results, isatin derivatives showed powerful antioxidant activity, antimicrobial and anticancer activity may be due to the halogens substituted at 5thÂ position of isatin. The standard drugs used were ampicillin, clotrimazole, cisplatin and ascorbic acid for antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer and antioxidant respectively.
Development of a Test Procedure for Freeze-Thaw Durability of Geomaterials Stabilized With Fly Ash
Authors: Rosa M. G. , Cetin B. , Edil T. B. , Benson C. H.
Published: September 2016

The objective of this research was to develop a freeze-thaw cycling test procedure and to investigate how the volume, moisture content, resilient modulus (Mr), and unconfined compressive strength (qu) of geomaterials, including soils and recycled materials, stabilized with fly ash change after freeze-thaw cycling. Three different types of materials (fine-grained and coarse-grained soils and recycled pavement materials) and five different fly ashes were used at different percentages (10, 12, 14, and 20 % by dry weight). Both one-dimensional and three-dimensional freezing of the specimens were considered. Freezing in three-dimensional was faster in terms of completing the freeze-thaw cycling and provided very similar results to the ones prepared in one-dimensional. Thus, three-dimensional freezing was adopted in this study without access to water (i.e., closed system). The results of this study indicated that the volume of all soil-fly ash mixtures tended to increase after freeze-thaw cycling; however, the volume change was not significant. Resilient modulus tests were conducted on all unstabilized materials, as well as on their mixtures with fly ash, while qu tests were conducted only on fine-grained soil and their fly ash mixtures. The Mr of all mixtures with one exception decreased by an average of 28.5 % when specimens were subjected to freeze-thaw cycling. The drop in the Mr of the specimens leveled off after 5 freeze-thaw cycles. A general trend of higher Mr of materials stabilized with fly ash (from 3 to 168 %), even after freeze-thaw cycles compared to unstabilized material was observed. In general, a reduction in unconfined compressive strength (qu) after freeze-thaw cycles up to 70 % was obtained. However, results showed that qu of stabilized soils that were subjected to freeze-thaw cycles were still higher (from 6 to 157 %) than the qu of unstabilized soils.
Real-Time Assessment of Blasting Damage Depth Based on the Induced Vibration During Excavation of a High Rock Slope
Authors: Yan P. , Zou Y. J. , Lu W. B. , Hu Y. G. , Leng Z. D. , Zhang Y. Z. , Liu L. , Hu H. R. , Chen M. , Wang G. H.
Published: September 2016

Blasting is a major means for excavation of rock slope, and the blast-induced damage to reserved rock mass must be strictly limited to ensure safety of the high slope and reduce the cost for support. As a traditional and widely used technique, the sonic wave testing is usually adopted to detect the extents of blasting damage, but the workload of detecting is considerably heavy during excavation of large-scale rock slopes with a height of several hundred meters. Thus, a simple but efficient method of blasting damage assessment based on comprehensive vibration survey was presented in this paper. In total, 5 bench blasting experiments were conducted at the excavation site of the left dam-abutment slope of the Bai-he-tan Hydropower Station in southwestern China. A semi-empirical and semi-theoretical approach for predicting the blasting damage depth based on the Peak Particle Velocity (PPV) of blasting vibration at certain distance was established. The method was used to predict the damage depth of the subsequent bench blasting with monitored vibration, and the predicted results agreed well with those obtained by field damage testing, which indicated that the method proposed in this paper is reasonable and credible. Although there is no rigorous theoretical basis, this real-time damage assessing approach is simple and convenient to use, and it can significantly reduce the massive workload of sonic wave testing and greatly improve efficiency. The accuracy of damage assessment is heavily dependent on the engineering geological conditions of excavation site and the vibration monitoring quality. Thus, careful investigation of the engineering geological conditions before blasting excavation and field experiments are necessary for the application of this method.
Standardized Hydraulic Conductivity Testing of Compacted Sand-Bentonite Mixtures
Authors: Tong S. , Shackelford C. D.
Published: September 2016

Compacted sand-bentonite mixtures can be used as engineered barriers (liners) for waste containment applications. A primary consideration for such applications is the ability of the mixtures to achieve a suitably low hydraulic conductivity, k, typically ≤1.0 × 10−9 m/s, based on permeation with water in the laboratory. The purpose of this study was to evaluate in a systematic manner the applicability of ASTM D5084-10 for the measurement of k of compacted sand-bentonite mixtures. Final degrees of saturation, Sf, for 4 of the 19 test specimens were outside of the required range 95 % ≤ Sf ≤ 105 %, even though the measured k values for these 4 specimens were consistent with those tested under the same conditions with values of Sf that met the standard. Thus, Sf apparently was an unreliable measure of true saturation for the materials tested in this study. Otherwise, the results indicated that conservatively high values of k were measured for the largest specimen size, the highest applied hydraulic gradient, and the highest ionic strength of the permeant water. A difference in the method of hydraulic gradient application had essentially no effect on the magnitude of k. Finally, as expected, specimens containing the highest amount of bentonite (i.e., 15 % by dry weight) resulted in the lowest values of k, although calculation of some values of k for one specimen were negative (k < 0), which was attributed to swelling of the specimen during permeation and the manner in which k was calculated based on ASTM D5084-10.
Characterization of Shallow Soils in the Central Business District of Christchurch, New Zealand
Authors: Markham C. S. , Bray J. D. , Riemer M. F. , Cubrinovski M.
Published: September 2016

The strong shaking experienced during multiple events of the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence caused extensive liquefaction throughout the central business district (CBD) of Christchurch, New Zealand. The performance of structures during these events was often related to liquefaction of foundation soils. Careful sampling and triaxial testing (monotonic and cyclic) were performed on soils from key building sites in the CBD of Christchurch. High-quality test specimens could be obtained using the Dames & Moore (DM) hydraulic fixed-piston thin-walled tube sampler for most of the predominantly silty and sandy soils in the CBD. Test results indicate, though, that loose clean sand specimens were densified significantly during sampling, and, thus, the DM sampler should not be used in this type of soil deposit. Important insights regarding the cyclic response of these soils were developed through the laboratory testing. These results when combined with existing information [e.g., cone penetration test (CPT) profiles and building damage observations] provide the basis for performing dynamic analyses through the calibration of advanced soil constitutive models.
A Double Acting Piston Based Automatic Volume Change Apparatus
Authors: Rahul Sakhare S. , Lini Dev K. , Krishna Prasad E. , Robinson R. G.
Published: September 2016

This paper presented the details of a double acting piston based volume change apparatus for measuring volume change during the routine soil testing in the laboratory. The apparatus works in the principle of movement of a piston when water flows through a cylinder. The volume change was related to the area of the cylinder and the displacement of the piston. The accuracy of the apparatus in measuring the volume change was validated by performing tests on a normally consolidated clay sample and a sample of dense sand.
Technique for Modeling Installation and Pullout of DIAs on a Beam Centrifuge
Authors: Liu X. , Fu Y. , Yeo C. H. , Li Y. , Lee F. H. , Gu H. , Sun J.
Published: September 2016

This paper describes a technique for modeling the installation and pullout of a dynamically installed anchor (DIA) using specifically designed equipment on a beam centrifuge. The equipment consists of three subassemblies, an X-Y table, an anchor installation system, and a pullout system. The X-Y table allows the location of anchor installation and pullout direction and pullout angle to be adjusted within a relatively short time without stopping the centrifuge. This permits the pullout angle with respect to vertical and the azimuthal angle of the pullout direction relative to the fins to be adjusted under high-g conditions. Inclined anchor penetration could also be preset by changing the lateral offset of the top of the guide tube. Finally, a very short transition time of several seconds between installation and pullout can be achieved, thereby allowing nearly short-term conditions to be achieved during pullout. The centrifuge model test results show that vertical pullout of non-vertically installed anchors and non-vertical pullout of vertically installed anchors both give a higher holding capacity than vertical pullout of vertically installed anchors. This indicates that the transverse pullout resistance of an anchor may contribute measurably to the anchor capacity and raises the possibility that, when appropriately installed, even higher pullout capacity may be obtainable from inclined pullout of non-vertically installed anchors. The findings also suggest that the ratio of short-term to long-term capacity may differ for different soils, thereby underlining the importance of being able to conduct tests at sufficiently shorter reconsolidation times.
Measuring Chromium in General Purpose (GP) Cement
Authors: Mohammadi J. , South W.
Published: September 2016

This paper presented the results of a cement proficiency test undertaken to measure the water soluble chromium content of cement. The water-soluble chromium (Cr6+) content of cement samples from major cement producers in Australia were determined by industrial laboratories in Australia and Europe based on the methods given in Australian Standard AS 2350.15 and the European Standard EN 196.10, respectively. The accuracy of the Australian test method and the precision of the Australian laboratories were investigated by performing proficiency tests. Applying the ASTM E691-15 calculation procedure, the level of systematic error associated with the Australian test method and the relevant suggestions for improvement were provided. The results showed the repeatability and reproducibility for the AS 2350.15 test method were 8 and 18 %, respectively, and comparable to the European results. It was found that the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) tests for the total and water soluble chromium content of cement could be considered an acceptable alternate measurement method. An investigation into the ratio of total chromium Cr to Cr6+ was explored to see if it might be used as an indicator of water-soluble content. Although a very weak correlation was observed between Cr6+ and Cr, in no cases does the ratio of Cr6+/Cr exceed 22 %.
Integrating Fracture Mechanics Into the Material and Structural Design Process
Authors: McClung R. C.
Published: September 2016

A new paradigm is now emerging that has the potential to transform fracture control and, in fact, to transform the entire material and structural design process. In a nutshell, the new paradigm is to design and virtually evaluate the material, the manufacturing process, and the structure in an integrated manner for the specific purpose of meeting structural reliability goals in a fraction of the currently required time. The engine of the new paradigm is a set of robust computational models for fatigue crack growth (FCG) and fracture that are fully integrated with computational models for material microstructure and properties, manufacturing processes, and structural response. Efficient methods for calculating stress intensity factors are linked directly with 2D and 3D finite-element models for stress and thermal analysis to perform automated FCG life analysis, next incorporating advanced probabilistic models to calculate fracture risk. The initial conditions for these calculations are informed by direct links to manufacturing process simulation software to determine bulk residual stress fields and location-specific microstructure and properties. Crack origins are linked to specific quantified threats, such as inherent material anomalies, induced manufacturing or maintenance anomalies, or naturally occurring fatigue damage. The entire calculation process is performed in an appropriate probabilistic framework to quantify significant uncertainty and variability. Several specific examples of recent efforts to build and extend this integrated framework are cited, and several suggestions are offered for future work.
Disyuntiva en la Normativa de Origen Establecida en el Sistema de Preferencias Generalizadas de la Unión Europea (SPG) y el Acuerdo de Asociación entre Centroamérica y la Unión Europea (AACUE): Caso Costa Rica
Authors: Cordero Madrigal Christian
Published: September 2016

La República de Costa Rica cuenta actualmente con dos acuerdos de comercio preferencial con la Unión Europea, el Sistema Generalizado de Preferencias (SPG) y el Acuerdo de Asociación entre Centroamérica y la Unión Europea (AACUE). De forma paralela a la negociación del AACUE, el SPG de la Unión Europea habíainiciado un proceso de flexibilización de su normativa de origen que no acabó sino hasta el mismo año en que Centroamérica terminó la negociación del pilar comercial del AACUE. Por tanto se puede intuir que el tratado más reciente fue negociado sobre la base de una normativa de origen más rígida lo que mplicaría la pérdida de privilegios previamente otorgados por la UE a Costa Rica al migrar de un esquema de comercio preferencial al otro.
The Central American Customs Union: Challenges for Progressing Toward Economic Integration
Authors: Ocampo Sánchez Fernando
Published: September 2016

En los últimos años la región Centroamérica ha consolidado el proceso de integración económica a través de una unión aduanera, que mediante la aplicación del libre comercio entre sus miembros y el establecimiento de una arancel externo común aplicado a más del 95% del universo arancelario, ha promovido un crecimiento constante del comercio de bienes y servicios intra y extra regional. A pesar de estos avances, la región todavía tiene importantes retos que atender para profundizar esa integración económica, dentro de los que destacan la adopción de medidas de facilitación del comercio, la consolidación del libre comercio y la libre circulación de mercancías en el territorio aduanero, la conclusión del arancel externo común, el diseño de una política comercial conjunta centroamericana, y la definición mecanismo común de recaudación arancelaria y fiscal, asi como consolidar la institucionalidad y los mecanismos de coordinaciónintrarregional.
LA ALIANZA DEL PACÍFICO: ¿HACIA EL CAMINO DE LA INTEGRACIÓN?
Authors: Godoy López Víctor Alejandro
Published: September 2016

Los países de América Latina, históricamente, no han contado con relaciones fuertes con el continente asiático como consecuencia del direccionamiento histórico de sus relaciones internacionales hacia el hemisferio occidental.Desde que los países de la región lograron su independencia de España, estuvieron, en primera medida, influenciados por Inglaterra y luego por Estados Unidos. Precisamente, salvo algunas excepciones, como Chile o Perú, fue en losprimeros años de la década de 1990 que América Latina y Asia Pacifico empezaron a mejorar sus vínculos comerciales. La región comenzó a ver a Asia como un posible modelo económico a seguir y, también, como una alternativa para la diversificación de su política exterior.
El desarrollo del sector de software en América Latina y Asia
Authors: Salinas García Rolando Javier , Montes Pimentel Daniel
Published: September 2016

Organizaciones Internacionales como la OCDE, la CEPAL, la ONU y el FMI se han pronunciado a favor del desarrollo del sector de las Telecomunicaciones (TIC´s) en los países emergentes para generar desarrollo económico, y por consiguiente el desarrollo social. Ante esta tendencia el surgimiento de los conceptos de economía y sociedad del conocimiento sirven para re-pensar a la sociedad basada en la creación y el flujo intensivo de conocimiento. Por lo que los nuevos parámetros de desarrollo se han enfocado en los indicadores de acceso al internet, el uso de tecnologías en la sociedad, empresas de alta tecnología e instituciones educativas. El presente artículo versa de una comparación entre México, Uruguay, China y la República de Corea (Corea del Sur), especificamente sobre cómo han desarrollado el sector del software y la forma en cómo se han insertado en el mercado global del software.
Liquid Medication Errors and Dosing Tools: A Randomized Controlled Experiment
Authors: Yin H. Shonna , Parker Ruth M. , Sanders Lee M. , Dreyer Benard P. , Mendelsohn Alan L. , Bailey Stacy , Patel Deesha A. , Jimenez Jessica J. , Kim Kwang-Youn A. , Jacobson Kara , Hedlund Laurie , Smith Michelle C. J. , Maness Harris Leslie , McFadden Terri , Wolf Michael S.
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Poorly designed labels and packaging are key contributors to medication errors. To identify attributes of labels and dosing tools that could be improved, we examined the extent to which dosing error rates are affected by tool characteristics (ie, type, marking complexity) and discordance between units of measurement on labels and dosing tools; along with differences by health literacy and language.

METHODS:

Randomized controlled experiment in 3 urban pediatric clinics. English- or Spanish-speaking parents (n = 2110) of children ≤8 years old were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 study arms and given labels and dosing tools that varied in unit pairings. Each parent measured 9 doses of medication (3 amounts [2.5, 5, and 7.5 mL] and 3 tools [1 cup, 2 syringes (0.2- and 0.5-mL increments)]), in random order. Outcome assessed was dosing error (>20% deviation; large error defined as > 2 times the dose).

RESULTS:

A total of 84.4% of parents made ≥1 dosing error (21.0% ≥1 large error). More errors were seen with cups than syringes (adjusted odds ratio = 4.6; 95% confidence interval, 4.2–5.1) across health literacy and language groups (P < .001 for interactions), especially for smaller doses. No differences in error rates were seen between the 2 syringe types. Use of a teaspoon-only label (with a milliliter and teaspoon tool) was associated with more errors than when milliliter-only labels and tools were used (adjusted odds ratio = 1.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.4).

CONCLUSIONS:

Recommending oral syringes over cups, particularly for smaller doses, should be part of a comprehensive pediatric labeling and dosing strategy to reduce medication errors.
Scolytinae y Platypodinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) de dos áreas de conservación en Tabasco, México
Authors: Pérez-De la Cruz Manuel , Hernández-May Manuel A. , De la Cruz-Pérez Aracely , Sánchez-Soto Saúl
Published: September 2016

The Scolytinae and Platypodinae are group of widely distributed tropical insects that are capable of using a wide range of hosts. The study of diversity associated with conservation sites allows estimating the richness and abundance of species, their population dynamics as well as understanding the population behavior over time. The species richness and abundance of Scolytinae and Platypodinae was studied in the Chontalpa Ecological Reserve (REC) and the José Narciso Rovirosa Botanical Garden (JBU) in Tabasco, Mexico. Insects were captured with ethyl alcohol traps. A total of 7 057 specimens belonging to 46 species and 26 genera were collected and identified; 42 species from 23 genera belong to Scolytinae and four species from three genera to Platypodinae. The species Bothrosternus foveatus (Blackman, 1943); Dendroterus luteolus (Schedl, 1951); Dendrocranulus guatemalensis (Hopkins, 1915); Micracis swainei (Blackman, 1920); Pseudothysanoes tenellus (Wood, 1971) y Ambrosiodmus obliquus (Leconte, 1878) are new records for the state of Tabasco. The species Corthylus papulans Eichhoff, 1869 with 2 509 specimens (35.55); Xyleborus volvulus (Fabricius, 1775) with 1 435 (20.33); and Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, 1868 with 1 061 (15.03) were the most common species, representing 70.9 % of total. The population dynamics of these insects showed its highest peak during February and March with 2 728 specimens in JBU and December with 322 in REC of year 2010.
Testate Amoebae (Amebozoa: Arcellinida) in Tropical Lakes of Central Mexico
Authors: Sigala Itzel , Lozano-García Socorro , Escobar Jaime , Pérez Liseth , Gallegos-Neyra Elvia
Published: September 2016

Testate amoebae are common single-celled eukaryotic organisms in aquatic ecosystems. Despite their important role in these ecosystems, and their potential as bioindicators and paleoindicators, they remain poorly studied in Mexico. The major objectives of this study were to: 1) increase knowledge of testate amoebae in Mexico’s tropical lakes, and 2) create a catalog of high-quality scanning electron micrographs that can be used for future ecological and paleoenvironmental studies. We collected surface-sediment samples from 29 lakes, located in the Transmexican Volcanic Belt, one at each lake during June and October 2011, and March 2013. Sediments were collected with an Ekman grab and preserved in anhydrous ethanol. Sub-samples were observed under a stereomicroscope and morphometric data for each species were recorded. Total diameter and aperture diameter were measured on circular tests. Irregularly shaped tests were measured for length and width of the aperture and for the size of the whole test. If a specimen possessed spines, the length of one randomly selected spine was measured. The best-preserved specimen of each taxon was photographed with an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). We found 41 taxa of testate amoebae belonging to the genera: Arcella, Centropyxis, Cucurbitella, Cyclopyxis, Cyphoderia, Difflugia, Euglypha, Lesquereusia, Pentagonia, Pseudodifflugia and Scutiglypha. Twelve species not previously reported for Mexico were recorded, along with 13 varieties. The average number of taxa recorded in each lake was eight, and the highest taxonomic richness was 18. The taxon found in the greatest number of lakes was Centropyxis aculeata var. aculeata. Taxonomic richness varied among lakes in the same region. This could reflect lake-specific differences in environmental conditions, underscoring the need for more detailed studies that include collection of data on physical and chemical variables in the lakes. Our results highlighted the need of further studies for the distribution patterns and ecology of lacustrine testate amoebae.
Biogeography and areas of endemism of Prepops Reuter (Heteroptera: Miridae)
Authors: Aguiar Coelho Livia , Molineri Carlos , Dos Santos Daniel Andrés , Fiuza Ferreira Paulo Sérgio
Published: September 2016

The Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) are one of the most species rich families of insects, with about 11 100 described species. Mirinae is the largest subfamily and its endemism becomes evident at the tribal level and below. Mirines of the tribe Restheniini are found throughout America, with most of the diversity confined to the Neotropics. Prepops Reuter is the largest genus in Restheniini with 198 described species and its geographical range is similar to that of the tribe. The study of the distribution and areas of endemism in Miridae are scarce and non-existent for Prepops. We analyzed all the geographic records of Prepops (707 records for 181 species) in order to identify diversity patterns and areas of endemism, using network analysis. Locality data were assigned using museum specimens and geographic records in the literature. Additionally we used spatial data to propose habitat preferences and geoclimatic variables important for each group of co-occurring species. The results indicate high species richness in subtropical regions, while the tropical belt and high latitudes appear impoverished. The Neotropical region contains 86% of the species, and the Nearctic about 11 % (but with larger species ranges); the Andean region is sparingly represented. Twenty-three areas of endemism (and two diads), formed by 2 or more endemic species, are distributed in the Nearctic (3), Mexican Transition Zone and Caribbean subregion (5), South American Transition Zone and Amazonian, Chacoan and Paranaense subregions (15). Overlap between some of the areas indicates regions with high species richness and complex history. The lack of records from the Andean region (except for P. nigrus in Southern Patagonia) and dominance of strictly Neotropical species (86 %) supports the hypothesis of a Neotropical origin for the tribe Restheniini. The general arrangement of the units of co-occurrence of Prepops species shows a close correlation with known biogeographic regions and subregions. Broad physiographic characteristics most commonly associated with Prepops geographical records are, in order of importance: broad leaf forests (wet and dry), grasslands and xeric habitats.
Abundancia relativa de la zorra gris Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Carnívora: Canidae) en la zona centro de Veracruz, México
Authors: Gallina Sonia , López Colunga Paloma , Valdespino Carolina , Farías Verónica
Published: September 2016

The gray fox, Urocyon cinereoargenteus, is a medium-size canid widely distributed in México. Most studies on this species focus on habitat use, home range, diet, intraguild competence, and lanscape distribution between urban and rural sites. In central Veracruz, gray foxes are present in fragments of cloud forest and in shaded coffee plantations; nevertheless, its abundance has not yet been compared among other vegetation types found in the area, such as sugarcane plantations. In this study we described gray foxes abundance variations using 500 m transects, among sugarcane plantations, shaded coffee plantations, and cloud forest fragments throughout eight months, by scat counting in three sites of each cover type. We reported the relative abundance index for each cover type and each month, and evaluated its relationship with four landscape features: (a) shade percent, (b) trail density, (c) human population density, and (d) habitat juxtaposition, in influence areas of 450 ha around sampling sites. Abundance comparison among cover types showed lower abundances in cloud forest fragments and higher abundances in coffee and sugarcane plantations. No significant differences were found throughout months (p = 0.476). We proposed that higher abundances in plantations may be related to the presence of rodent plagues and fruit trees which offer food resources to gray foxes. The evaluation of landscape features showed that only medium-impact trail density and human population density were positively correlated with gray fox abundance; fact that demonstrates that this canid can coexist with humans in rural sites. We highlight the gray fox capacity to take advantage of heterogeneous landscapes.
Bibliometría de la colaboración e impacto de la Revista de Biología Tropical (Web of Science 2003-2012)
Authors: De Filippo Daniela , Córdoba González Saray , Sanz-Casado Elías
Published: September 2016

The activity analysis of a scientific journal is relevant to know the evolution of its characteristics over time. In this paper, results of a bibliometric study of the Revista de Biología Tropical/International Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation (Costa Rica) are presented. The goal of this study was to describe the main characteristics of its scientific production, and analyze its level of collaboration and its impact between the years 2003-2012. Data was derived from the Web of Science (Thomson-Reuters), and the relationship among authors and coauthors, institutions and countries, and their links with the citations received were analyzed for that period. Descriptive statistics about production (number of documents per year, institution and country), collaboration (authorship index, collaboration among institutions and countries) and impact (IF, position in JCR and number of citations received) were collected. Results showed that the journal has published 1 473 papers in this period, in similar proportions English and Spanish. Mexico, Costa Rica, Venezuela and Colombia are the most common countries of origin, with the Universidad of Costa Rica, Universidad Autónoma de Mexico and the University of Puerto Rico as the most common leader institutions. Collaboration between authors, institutions and countries has shown an increasing trend over the last decade. The co-author index was 3.07 per document, 63 % of publications included 2 or more institutions, and 22 % of the papers were product of international collaboration. The most common collaboration link was between Costa Rica and the United States of America. The impact factor has been oscillating during this last decade, reaching a maximum in 2012 (IF JCR = 0.553). Besides, 10 % of the most cited papers concentrated half of the citations received by the journal, and have a very high number of citations, compared with the journal mean. The main countries that cite the journal were USA, Brazil, Mexico, Argentina and Costa Rica. Data showed an increasing collaboration between authors, institutions and countries, and a direct relationship between the increase of this collaboration and the received impact.
Two-year temporal response of benthic macrofauna and sediments to hypoxia in a tropical semi-enclosed bay (Cienfuegos, Cuba)
Authors: Díaz Asencio Lisbet , Helguera Yusmila , Fernández-Garcés Raúl , Gómez-Batista Miguel , Rosell Guillermo , Hernández Yurisbey , Pulido Anabell , Armenteros Maickel
Published: September 2016

Hypoxia is the depletion of dissolved oxygen below 2 mg O2/L. Relatively few studies on hypoxia and its effects on benthic macrofauna have been done in tropical marine ecosystems. This study describes the temporal response of the water column, sediments and macrofauna to seasonal hypoxia in a semi-enclosed bay (Cienfuegos, Caribbean Sea). The Calisito site was sampled monthly from June 2010 until February 2012, yielding 21 sampling times. At each sampling event water and sediment samples were collected for measuring the abiotic variables (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, redox potential discontinuity, silt/clay and organic matter content) and macrofauna (abundance and species richness). Temperature and surface salinity followed a typical temporal pattern during the summer/rainy and the winter/dry periods. Salinity stratification occurred in the rainy period, lasting three months in 2010 and six months in 2011. The bottom water dissolved oxygen indicated hypoxic and anoxic events during the wet periods of 2010 and 2011 associated with salinity stratification, low hydrodynamics and oxidation of the accumulated organic matter. Over the study period, 817 individuals were collected and identified. Polychaetes were the dominant group in terms of abundance (57 % of total) followed by mollusks (41%). Hypoxia (and occasionally anoxia) caused strong deleterious effects on the abundance and species richness of macrofaunal communities in the study site. The most abundant polychaetes were opportunistic species with high tolerance to hypoxic conditions: Prionospio steenstrupi, Polydora sp.and Paraprionospio pinnata. Most of them colonized relatively fast once hypoxia ended. Persistent species such as Caecum pulchellum and Parvanachis obesa were present during hypoxia with fluctuating densities and apparently recover to higher abundances when normoxic conditions are re-established. Macoma tenta and Tellina consobrina colonized approximately 1-2 months later than the first polychaete peak during normoxia. Probably, the deleterious effects of hypoxia on the macrofauna were intensified by negative interspecific relationships such as competition by suitable space and predation. The recolonization of macrofauna depended possibly on local transport by currents within the bay because the connection with the Caribbean Sea is relatively limited. In summary, seasonal hypoxia in Cienfuegos Bay influences the water and sediment geochemistry and reduces both the abundance and diversity of macrofauna.
Morfoecología de gremios en escarabajos (Coleoptera: Passalidae) en un gradiente altitudinal en robledales de la Cordillera Oriental, Colombia
Authors: Moreno-Fonseca Carlos J. , Amat-García German D.
Published: September 2016

Bess beetles are important components on tropical forest dead wood nutrient cycling, since they act as direct consumers and ease the consumption by another organism (indirect). Studies of bess beetle ecology are scarce and have focused on communities responses to environmental changes on alimentary resources. We characterized the bess beetles guild composition in an elevation gradient, according to their differential use of resources (microhabitat) and morphological traits quantification (geometric and lineal), as a potential tool to improve our understanding on resource use and functional ecology of beetles. Three guilds (underbark, sapwood-heartwood and generalists feeders), five species and 198 familiar groups were recognized; their richness decreased as elevation increased. Changes in linear morphometric measures were influenced by elevation; morphogeometrical measures were not associated with the elevation gradient, only grouping at guild level were observed. Morphological markers analysis (morphometric) provided information to guild delimitation. Body and metatibiae shape contributed with the best information to guild grouping. Quantification of those structural markers proved the relationship between resource repartition, because they are involved in movement on wood galleries and wood consumption, this fact allowed to propose specific functional roles. The identified patterns have contributed on the understanding of functional processes in Passalidae communities and their role in ecosystem function.
Uso de la Estructura de tallas como evidencia del establecimiento poblacional del pez león Pterois volitans (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae) en el sur del Caribe Mexicano.
Authors: Sabido-Itzá Miguel Mateo , Medina-Quej Alejandro , De Jesús-Navarrete Alberto , Gómez-Poot Jorge Manuel , García-Rivas María Del Carmen
Published: September 2016

The lionfish (P. volitans) has now invaded all the Mexican Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, with the potential to cause negative impacts on the reefs. In the South Mexican Caribbean was firstly reported in July 2009, and six years after this report, some control measures such as fish tournament and local marketing have been implemented. However, information on its biology and invasion is still-lacking, so this study analyzed the population structure of 2 164 organisms collected from 2009 to 2012. An increase was observed in sizes for each year averaging Total length (Tl): 118 ± 34.8, 133 ± 56.3, 187 ± 74.8 and 219 ± 72.4 mm, respectively. Lionfish establishment at the study site is shown for the presence of juveniles’ sizes 20 mm TL up to 375 mm TL. When the back-calculation was obtained, we estimated that the larger fish could have recruited in early 2006, three years before the first report was made. A continuous population monitoring and an ecological study, will allow us to clarify the real impact in the ecosystems of the region and so to propose the most effective control actions.
Eulogy for Kristian Fauchald (1 July 1935 – 4 April 2015)
Authors: Salazar-Vallejo Sergio I.
Published: September 2016

Karen Osborn and Linda Ward launched an initiative to establish International Polychaete Day on 1st of July to celebrate Kristian’s 80th birthday. This took place in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, where he spent his last 35 years as an active researcher. This was a magnificent idea that will help remember him and to encourage the interest for studying polychaetes. The wish is that a similar celebration be done as well in many other institutions and countries.
Assessment of educational process regional factors’ and tension influence on students’ bloodstream system and homeostasis vegetative characteristics
Authors: Gajnullin R.A. , Isaev A.P. , Korableva I.B.
Published: September 2016

Purpose: to study influence of regional factors and intensive educational process on cardio-haemo-dynamic and vegetative characteristics in conditions of individual differentiated classes. Material: in the research 80 student (of 17-18 years’ age) participated; they were divided into group of the tested (n=40) and group of comparison (n=40). Results: we showed physiological influence on bloodstream regulation and weakening of activity in conditions of individual-differentiated classes. The content of programs of informational, sports-health related, physical culture and prophylaxis measures resulted in students’ different speed characteristics (in bloodstream links and in its regulation). In conditions of annual educational process the students had balance of sympathetic and para-sympathetic regulation of central and periphery bloodstream. It depends on weather factors of year seasons, on examination sessions. Conclusions: in conditions of educational process adaptation-compensatory shifts are conditioned by dominating segmental regulation with participation of bloodstream links and regulatory supra-segmental influences. We also observed manifestation of influence of separate autonomous regulation factors.
Comparative characteristic of correlation between pulse subjective indicators of girl students’ and school girls’ reaction to physical load
Authors: Kozina Z.L. , Iermakov S.S. , Kadutskaya L.A. , Sobyanin F.I. , Krzeminski M. , Sobko I. N. , Ryepko O.A.
Published: September 2016

Purpose: to determine characteristics of correlation of girl students’ and school girls’ subjective and physiological parameters of reaction to physical load. Material: in the research sportswomen of two age groups participated: adult qualified girl students-basketball players (n=40, age 20-22years) and junior basketball players (n=35, age12-13years). Registration of heart beats rate was fulfilled with «Polar RS300X». Simultaneously, we registered subjective feeling of loaf value (heaviness) by Borg’s method. Results: it was found that in conditions of natural training and competition functioning, with equal heart beats rate values school girls feel tension of fulfilled work subjectively easier. It can be explained by higher maximal values of school girls’ heat beats rate, comparing with girls students. Equal values of heart beats rate reflect different changes in girl students’ and school girls’ organisms. That is why they can not serve reliably informative indicator of load. Conclusions: we determined characteristics of perceived tension under load of game character. It can be connected with emotional tension, which is characteristic for basketball.