bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Polymer Translocation: A Short Review with an Introduction of Weakly-Driven Regime
Authors: Sakaue Takahiro
Published: December 2016

As emphasized in a recent review (by V.V. Palyulin, T. Ala-Nissila, R. Metzler), theoretical understanding of the unbiased polymer translocation lags behind that of the (strongly) driven translocation. Here, we suggest the introduction of a weakly-driven regime, as described by the linear response theory to the unbiased regime, which is followed by the strongly-driven regime beyond the onset of nonlinear response. This provides a concise crossover scenario, bridging the unbiased to strongly-driven regimes.
Application of Fast Dynamic Allan Variance for the Characterization of FOGs-Based Measurement While Drilling
Authors: Wang Lu , Zhang Chunxi , Gao Shuang , Wang Tao , Lin Tie , Li Xianmu
Published: December 2016

The stability of a fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) in measurement while drilling (MWD) could vary with time because of changing temperature, high vibration, and sudden power failure. The dynamic Allan variance (DAVAR) is a sliding version of the Allan variance. It is a practical tool that could represent the non-stationary behavior of the gyroscope signal. Since the normal DAVAR takes too long to deal with long time series, a fast DAVAR algorithm has been developed to accelerate the computation speed. However, both the normal DAVAR algorithm and the fast algorithm become invalid for discontinuous time series. What is worse, the FOG-based MWD underground often keeps working for several days; the gyro data collected aboveground is not only very time-consuming, but also sometimes discontinuous in the timeline. In this article, on the basis of the fast algorithm for DAVAR, we make a further advance in the fast algorithm (improved fast DAVAR) to extend the fast DAVAR to discontinuous time series. The improved fast DAVAR and the normal DAVAR are used to responsively characterize two sets of simulation data. The simulation results show that when the length of the time series is short, the improved fast DAVAR saves 78.93% of calculation time. When the length of the time series is long ( 6 × 10 5 samples), the improved fast DAVAR reduces calculation time by 97.09%. Another set of simulation data with missing data is characterized by the improved fast DAVAR. Its simulation results prove that the improved fast DAVAR could successfully deal with discontinuous data. In the end, a vibration experiment with FOGs-based MWD has been implemented to validate the good performance of the improved fast DAVAR. The results of the experience testify that the improved fast DAVAR not only shortens computation time, but could also analyze discontinuous time series.
Modeling of a Robust Confidence Band for the Power Curve of a Wind Turbine
Authors: Hernandez Wilmar , Méndez Alfredo , Maldonado-Correa Jorge , Balleteros Francisco
Published: December 2016

Having an accurate model of the power curve of a wind turbine allows us to better monitor its operation and planning of storage capacity. Since wind speed and direction is of a highly stochastic nature, the forecasting of the power generated by the wind turbine is of the same nature as well. In this paper, a method for obtaining a robust confidence band containing the power curve of a wind turbine under test conditions is presented. Here, the confidence band is bound by two curves which are estimated using parametric statistical inference techniques. However, the observations that are used for carrying out the statistical analysis are obtained by using the binning method, and in each bin, the outliers are eliminated by using a censorship process based on robust statistical techniques. Then, the observations that are not outliers are divided into observation sets. Finally, both the power curve of the wind turbine and the two curves that define the robust confidence band are estimated using each of the previously mentioned observation sets.
Aerodynamic Drag Analysis of 3-DOF Flex-Gimbal GyroWheel System in the Sense of Ground Test
Authors: Huo Xin , Feng Sizhao , Liu Kangzhi , Wang Libin , Chen Weishan
Published: December 2016

GyroWheel is an innovative device that combines the actuating capabilities of a control moment gyro with the rate sensing capabilities of a tuned rotor gyro by using a spinning flex-gimbal system. However, in the process of the ground test, the existence of aerodynamic disturbance is inevitable, which hinders the improvement of the specification performance and control accuracy. A vacuum tank test is a possible candidate but is sometimes unrealistic due to the substantial increase in costs and complexity involved. In this paper, the aerodynamic drag problem with respect to the 3-DOF flex-gimbal GyroWheel system is investigated by simulation analysis and experimental verification. Concretely, the angular momentum envelope property of the spinning rotor system is studied and its integral dynamical model is deduced based on the physical configuration of the GyroWheel system with an appropriately defined coordinate system. In the sequel, the fluid numerical model is established and the model geometries are checked with FLUENT software. According to the diversity and time-varying properties of the rotor motions in three-dimensions, the airflow field around the GyroWheel rotor is analyzed by simulation with respect to its varying angular velocity and tilt angle. The IPC-based experimental platform is introduced, and the properties of aerodynamic drag in the ground test condition are obtained through comparing the simulation with experimental results.
A Low Cost VLSI Architecture for Spike Sorting Based on Feature Extraction with Peak Search
Authors: Chang Yuan-Jyun , Hwang Wen-Jyi , Chen Chih-Chang
Published: December 2016

The goal of this paper is to present a novel VLSI architecture for spike sorting with high classification accuracy, low area costs and low power consumption. A novel feature extraction algorithm with low computational complexities is proposed for the design of the architecture. In the feature extraction algorithm, a spike is separated into two portions based on its peak value. The area of each portion is then used as a feature. The algorithm is simple to implement and less susceptible to noise interference. Based on the algorithm, a novel architecture capable of identifying peak values and computing spike areas concurrently is proposed. To further accelerate the computation, a spike can be divided into a number of segments for the local feature computation. The local features are subsequently merged with the global ones by a simple hardware circuit. The architecture can also be easily operated in conjunction with the circuits for commonly-used spike detection algorithms, such as the Non-linear Energy Operator (NEO). The architecture has been implemented by an Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) with 90-nm technology. Comparisons to the existing works show that the proposed architecture is well suited for real-time multi-channel spike detection and feature extraction requiring low hardware area costs, low power consumption and high classification accuracy.
A Target-Less Vision-Based Displacement Sensor Based on Image Convex Hull Optimization for Measuring the Dynamic Response of Building Structures
Authors: Choi Insub , Kim JunHee , Kim Donghyun
Published: December 2016

Existing vision-based displacement sensors (VDSs) extract displacement data through changes in the movement of a target that is identified within the image using natural or artificial structure markers. A target-less vision-based displacement sensor (hereafter called “TVDS”) is proposed. It can extract displacement data without targets, which then serve as feature points in the image of the structure. The TVDS can extract and track the feature points without the target in the image through image convex hull optimization, which is done to adjust the threshold values and to optimize them so that they can have the same convex hull in every image frame and so that the center of the convex hull is the feature point. In addition, the pixel coordinates of the feature point can be converted to physical coordinates through a scaling factor map calculated based on the distance, angle, and focal length between the camera and target. The accuracy of the proposed scaling factor map was verified through an experiment in which the diameter of a circular marker was estimated. A white-noise excitation test was conducted, and the reliability of the displacement data obtained from the TVDS was analyzed by comparing the displacement data of the structure measured with a laser displacement sensor (LDS). The dynamic characteristics of the structure, such as the mode shape and natural frequency, were extracted using the obtained displacement data, and were compared with the numerical analysis results. TVDS yielded highly reliable displacement data and highly accurate dynamic characteristics, such as the natural frequency and mode shape of the structure. As the proposed TVDS can easily extract the displacement data even without artificial or natural markers, it has the advantage of extracting displacement data from any portion of the structure in the image.
A Review on Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices for Glucose Detection
Authors: Liu Shuopeng , Su Wenqiong , Ding Xianting
Published: December 2016

Glucose, as an essential substance directly involved in metabolic processes, is closely related to the occurrence of various diseases such as glucose metabolism disorders and islet cell carcinoma. Therefore, it is crucial to develop sensitive, accurate, rapid, and cost effective methods for frequent and convenient detections of glucose. Microfluidic Paper-based Analytical Devices (μPADs) not only satisfying the above requirements but also occupying the advantages of portability and minimal sample consumption, have exhibited great potential in the field of glucose detection. This article reviews and summarizes the most recent improvements in glucose detection in two aspects of colorimetric and electrochemical μPADs. The progressive techniques for fabricating channels on μPADs are also emphasized in this article. With the growth of diabetes and other glucose indication diseases in the underdeveloped and developing countries, low-cost and reliably commercial μPADs for glucose detection will be in unprecedentedly demand.
Metal–Organic Framework-Functionalized Alumina Membranes for Vacuum Membrane Distillation
Authors: Zuo Jian , Chung Tai-Shung
Published: December 2016

Nature-mimetic hydrophobic membranes with high wetting resistance have been designed for seawater desalination via vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) in this study. This is achieved through molecular engineering of metal–organic framework (MOF)-functionalized alumina surfaces. A two-step synthetic strategy was invented to design the hydrophobic membranes: (1) to intergrow MOF crystals on the alumina tube substrate and (2) to introduce perfluoro molecules onto the MOF functionalized membrane surface. With the first step, the surface morphology, especially the hierarchical roughness, can be controlled by tuning the MOF crystal structure. After the second step, the perfluoro molecules function as an ultrathin layer of hydrophobic floss, which lowers the surface energy. Therefore, the resultant membranes do not only possess the intrinsic advantages of alumina supports such as high stability and high water permeability, but also have a hydrophobic surface formed by MOF functionalization. The membrane prepared under an optimum condition achieved a good VMD flux of 32.3 L/m2-h at 60 °C. This study may open up a totally new approach for design of next-generation high performance membrane distillation membranes for seawater desalination.
Development and characterization of microsatellite primers in the endangered Mediterranean shrub Ziziphus lotus (Rhamnaceae)
Authors: González‐Robles Ana , Manzaneda Antonio J. , Bastida Jesús M. , Harvey Nick , Jaime Rafael , Salido Teresa , Martínez Luisa M. , Fernández‐Ocaña Ana , Alcántara Julio M. , Rey Pedro J.
Published: December 2016

Premise of the study:

Microsatellite primers were developed to characterize and evaluate patterns of genetic diversity and structure in the endangered Mediterranean shrub Ziziphus lotus (Rhamnaceae).

Methods and Results:

Twenty microsatellite primers were developed for Z. lotus, of which 14 were polymorphic. We evaluated microsatellite polymorphism in 97 specimens from 18 Spanish and seven Moroccan populations. Between two and eight alleles were found per locus, and the average number of alleles was 5.54. Observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.08 to 0.90 and from 0.08 to 0.82, respectively. Nine of these primers also amplified microsatellite loci in Z. jujuba.

Conclusions:

The microsatellite markers described here will be useful in studies on genetic variation, population genetic structure, and gene flow in the fragmented habitat of this species. These markers are a valuable resource for designing appropriate conservation measures for the species in the Mediterranean range.
From betaines to anionic N-heterocyclic carbenes. Borane, gold, rhodium, and nickel complexes starting from an imidazoliumphenolate and its carbene tautomer
Authors: Liu Ming , Namyslo Jan C , Nieger Martin , Polamo Mika , Schmidt Andreas
Published: December 2016

The mesomeric betaine imidazolium-1-ylphenolate forms a borane adduct with tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane by coordination with the phenolate oxygen, whereas its NHC tautomer 1-(2-phenol)imidazol-2-ylidene reacts with (triphenylphosphine)gold(I) chloride to give the cationic NHC complex [Au(NHC)2][Cl] by coordination with the carbene carbon atom. The anionic N-heterocyclic carbene 1-(2-phenolate)imidazol-2-ylidene gives the complexes [K][Au(NHC−)2], [Rh(NHC−)3] and [Ni(NHC−)2], respectively. Results of four single crystal analyses are presented.
THE ALMA SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY IN THE HUBBLE ULTRA DEEP FIELD: SEARCH FOR [
] LINE AND DUST EMISSION IN 6 < z < 8 GALAXIES
Authors: Aravena M. , Decarli R. , Walter F. , Bouwens R. , Oesch P. A. , Carilli C. L. , Bauer F. E. , Cunha E. Da , Daddi E. , Gónzalez-López J. , Ivison R. J. , Riechers D. A. , Smail I. , Swinbank A. M. , Weiss A. , Anguita T. , Bacon R. , Bell E. , Bertoldi F. , Cortes P. , Cox P. , Hodge J. , Ibar E. , Inami H. , Infante L. , Karim A. , Magnelli B. , Ota K. , Popping G. , van der Werf P. , Wagg J. , Fudamoto Y.
Published: December 2016

We present a search for [C ii] line and dust continuum emission from optical dropout galaxies at z > 6 using ASPECS, our Atacama Large Millimeter submillimeter Array Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra-deep Field (UDF). Our observations, which cover the frequency range of 212–272 GHz, encompass approximately the range of 6 < z < 8 for [C ii] line emission and reach a limiting luminosity of L
[C ii] ∼ (1.6–2.5) × 108
L
⊙. We identify 14 [C ii] line emitting candidates in this redshift range with significances >4.5σ, two of which correspond to blind detections with no optical counterparts. At this significance level, our statistical analysis shows that about 60% of our candidates are expected to be spurious. For one of our blindly selected [C ii] line candidates, we tentatively detect the CO(6-5) line in our parallel 3 mm line scan. None of the line candidates are individually detected in the 1.2 mm continuum. A stack of all [C ii] candidates results in a tentative detection with S
1.2 mm = 14 ± 5 μJy. This implies a dust-obscured star-formation rate (SFR) of (3 ± 1) M
⊙ yr−1. We find that the two highest-SFR objects have candidate [C ii] lines with luminosities that are consistent with the low-redshift L
[C ii] versus SFR relation. The other candidates have significantly higher [C ii] luminosities than expected from their UV-based SFR. At the current sensitivity, it is unclear whether the majority of these sources are intrinsically bright [C ii] emitters, or spurious sources. If only one of our line candidates was real (a scenario greatly favored by our statistical analysis), we find a source density for [C ii] emitters at 6 < z < 8 that is significantly higher than predicted by current models and some extrapolations from galaxies in the local universe.
A REVERSE SHOCK IN GRB 160509A
Authors: Laskar Tanmoy , Alexander Kate D. , Berger Edo , Fong Wen-fai , Margutti Raffaella , Shivvers Isaac , Williams Peter K. G. , Kopač Drejc , Kobayashi Shiho , Mundell Carole , Gomboc Andreja , Zheng WeiKang , Menten Karl M. , Graham Melissa L. , Filippenko Alexei V.
Published: December 2016

We present the second multi-frequency radio detection of a reverse shock in a γ-ray burst. By combining our extensive radio observations of the Fermi-Large Area Telescope γ-ray burst 160509A at z = 1.17 up to 20 days after the burst with Swift X-ray observations and ground-based optical and near-infrared data, we show that the afterglow emission comprises distinct reverse shock and forward shock contributions: the reverse shock emission dominates in the radio band at ≲10 days, while the forward shock emission dominates in the X-ray, optical, and near-infrared bands. Through multi-wavelength modeling, we determine a circumburst density of

, supporting our previous suggestion that a low-density circumburst environment is conducive to the production of long-lasting reverse shock radiation in the radio band. We infer the presence of a large excess X-ray absorption column, N
H ≈ 1.5 × 1022

, and a high rest-frame optical extinction, A
V ≈ 3.4 mag. We identify a jet break in the X-ray light curve at

, and thus derive a jet opening angle of

, yielding a beaming-corrected kinetic energy and radiated γ-ray energy of

erg and

erg (1–104 keV, rest frame), respectively. Consistency arguments connecting the forward shocks and reverse shocks suggest a deceleration time of

s ≈ T
90, a Lorentz factor of

, and a reverse-shock-to-forward-shock fractional magnetic energy density ratio of

. Our study highlights the power of rapid-response radio observations in the study of the properties and dynamics of γ-ray burst ejecta.
Où en est la pédopsychiatrie ?
Authors: Allione Marie
Published: December 2016

La pédopsychiatrie est confrontée à un changement de paradigme qui opère un glissement de la clinique vers le comportement. Elle se trouve face à un double défi : celui du traitement des autismes avec l’intégration de toutes les approches sans exclusive et celui d’une population d’enfants qui a radicalement changé du fait d’une évolution sociétale hypercapitaliste et consumériste. Comment les pédopsychiatres, les psychanalystes, les psychothérapeutes, les soignants en général, peuvent-ils garantir que la parole reste au cœur de leur métier ?
Fins de vie, éthique et société
Authors: Gruat Renaud , Gruat Arthur
Published: December 2016

Pendant des millénaires la mort de l’homme a été reconnue sur ce que nous appellerions aujourd’hui l’arrêt permanent de sa respiration. Cette notion de respiration étant alors encore mal comprise, on parlait plus de la notion de souffle. Ainsi celui qui rendait son dernier souffle rendait son âme. C’est ce qu’on appelait expirer comme le fit le Christ sur la croix. Avec les avancées de la science, notamment à partir du xvii e  siècle nous avons progressivement mieux compris le rôle du cœur, l’intérêt de la recherche du pouls et pourquoi l’arrêt de la respiration impactait directement l’état de conscience ou d’inconscience de l’individu. Toutefois, au xix e  siècle encore, c’était avant tout sur la constatation de l’absence ou d’arrêt de la respiration que l’on affirmait la mort en attachant une importance particulière à sa permanence. Jusqu’au milieu du xx e  siècle on avait encore recours au miroir ou à la bougie pour détecter la présence ou non d’une respiration ou d’un souffle pour affirmer ou non la mort. Très tôt, la question du mystère de la vie et de la mort, de la vie après la mort et du retour possible à la vie après la mort a questionné les humains. Déjà, dans l’Ancien Testament il est fait référence à des baisers miraculeux effectués par le prophète Élie sur le fils d’une veuve de Sarepta (Livre des Rois) et aussi par son disciple Élisée qui ressuscita, lui aussi, de la même façon un enfant en s’adressant à Dieu : « Seigneur mon Dieu, faites je vous prie, que l’âme de cet enfant retourne dans son corps. »
Fins de vie, éthique et société
Authors: Attias Arié
Published: December 2016

La réanimation concentre nombre de situations problématiques d’éthique décisionnelle. Du patient inconscient au patient en fin de vie, en passant par le malade aux capacités de jugement altérées, les praticiens sont confrontés en permanence à l’impérative nécessité de décider sans certitude. Ceci est l’essence même de ce métier : le doute permanent. Au travers d’un cas clinique, nous chercherons à esquisser les enjeux de la décision du patient et du médecin, dans cet environnement si particulier.
Fins de vie, éthique et société
Authors: Kentish-Barnes Nancy
Published: December 2016

Mourir à l’hôpital représente pour chacun d’entre nous une perspective probable puisque près de 70 % de la population française décède en institution. Ce que nous savons moins en revanche, c’est où l’on meurt au sein de l’hôpital : un décès sur cinq survient en réanimation (soit 20 % de la population) 1 . De plus, au cours de la dernière semaine de vie, un malade sur cinq a passé au moins trois jours en réanimation 2 . Enfin, les services de réanimation sont évidemment au premier plan des statistiques de décès, avec 20 à 25 % de décès. Ces chiffres sont importants. D’abord parce que la plupart des citoyens ne savent pas ce qu’est un service de réanimation et ensuite parce que nous ne savons pas comment nous y mourons (alors que nous sommes très nombreux à y mourir). La mort nous concerne tous, sans exception, et pourtant il règne encore un certain flou sur le déroulement réel du processus de mourir. L’objectif de ce texte est d’aborder la mort en réanimation du point de vue de la pratique réelle et de l’expérience des personnes concernées, médecins, infirmières et familles de patients. Les idées et résultats présentés émanent d’une recherche de sociologie menée pendant trois ans dans quatre services de réanimation, trois en France et un en Angleterre 3 , comprenant huit mois d’observation des pratiques et 150 entretiens qualitatifs menés auprès de médecins réanimateurs, d’infirmières et de familles de patients.
Fins de vie, éthique et société
Authors: Haas Laurent
Published: December 2016

Les premiers services d’urgences sont nés il y a une trentaine d’années pour réguler l’accès à l’hôpital des patients qui arrivaient de façon imprévue et sans conditionnement médical satisfaisant dans les services hospitaliers. Au cours du temps, ils ont été progressivement perçus par la population et les interlocuteurs professionnels (médecine de ville, police, justice, associations, services sociaux, etc.) comme un recours capable de régler rapidement de nombreuses situations réellement urgentes ou seulement imprévues. Accessibles à tous, les services d’urgences constituent une des entrées privilégiées du système de soin, dont ils sont à la fois une première ligne et un dernier recours. Ils permettent la prise en charge continue et simultanée de plusieurs patients de gravité variable, et ce jour et nuit. De ce fait, les urgentistes sont entraînés à aller à l’essentiel par la prise immédiate et simultanée de décisions diagnostiques et thérapeutiques concernant des patients à différents stades de leur évolution clinique. Les informations pour y parvenir ne sont ni toujours évidentes à rassembler au milieu de la fragmentation des patients de la médecine moderne (d’organes et de spécialités), ni la plupart du temps complètes. Ces données nécessitent une réactualisation permanente justifiant une grande densité d’informations à gérer en urgence. À cela s’ajoute un flux de patients continu susceptible d’entraîner un engorgement de l’espace de travail et qui justifie à lui seul qu’aucun patient ne meure officiellement aux urgences – ce qui bloquerait la salle d’examen pour plusieurs heures –, mais dans l’unité d’hospitalisation de courte durée ( uhcd ) généralement attenante aux urgences.
Fins de vie, éthique et société
Authors: Vinant Pascale
Published: December 2016

La connaissance pronostique fait partie des compétences médicales. La multiplicité des études à la recherche de critères pronostiques en phase avancée de maladie atteste de l’importance d’affiner cette compétence puisque nous savons que la seule expertise clinique est souvent défaillante. La prévision d’une fin de vie est une situation fréquente : selon une étude européenne 1 , seulement un tiers des décès survient d’une manière inattendue. L’identification d’un pronostic de fin de vie est une étape indispensable pour améliorer les pratiques : éviter l’obstination déraisonnable et favoriser le confort et la qualité de fin de vie. L’équipe médicale détient donc le plus souvent un savoir sur l’avenir du patient. Se pose dès lors la question de l’information qui va lui être transmise, information légitime due à la personne « pour qu’elle puisse régler ses affaires, exercer ses dernières volontés », et à l’entourage pour qu’il puisse s’organiser, se préparer. L’annonce d’un pronostic de fin de vie est une situation difficile pour tous, semée de risques et de paradoxes. Elle s’inscrit dans une modification de la relation de soin qui abandonne le paternalisme au profit d’un renforcement de l’autonomie du patient. À partir de notre expérience en équipe mobile de soins palliatifs, nous insisterons sur la différence entre le savoir et l’agir médical et l’expérience humaine du patient en fin de vie, en cherchant les positionnements qui, au sein de la pratique de soin, permettent de concilier le moins mal possible des impératifs souvent contradictoires.
Fins de vie, éthique et société
Authors: Prenat-Molimard Delphine , Chrétien Sophie , Prigent Cécile , Louvel Jean-Philippe , Laouenan Serge , Friedman Diane , Joussellin Charles
Published: December 2016

Parole, éthique et collégialité : ces termes doivent se distinguer mais aussi se relier, pour permettre que des décisions importantes soient prises en commun et favorisent la qualité des soins. Nous rappelons ce qu’est la parole de l’homme, pour laquelle l’écoute et le silence sont essentiels. Des vignettes cliniques illustrent les craintes et les espérances que chacun peut légitimement éprouver alors qu’il est impliqué au chevet d’une personne gravement malade. Nous tentons de répondre à deux questions : comment respecter la parole de chacun, laquelle fait partie du fondement de l’éthique ? Comment faire « collège » autour de la parole du malade ?
Fins de vie, éthique et société
Authors: Basset Pierre
Published: December 2016

Une situation de refus de traitement confronte, avec un certain degré de violence, la personne malade et le soignant à leurs limites. Les conditions d’un refus sont prévues par la loi, mais il est essentiel d’en rechercher le sens. Chercher la signification d’un refus consiste à analyser et à décrypter une volonté vraie du malade que quelque chose ne se produise pas, et correspond à la dialectique du don et de l’acceptation du soin. Les principes éthiques sur lesquels s’appuient les décisions doivent être interprétés selon le contexte décisionnel. Les situations extrêmes résultant de ces refus sous-tendent des dilemmes éthiques et des conflits de valeurs, et révèlent des comportements professionnels très différents. L’étude de la souffrance professionnelle dévoilée par de telles circonstances montre l’insuffisance et le besoin de formation des soignants dans le domaine de la réflexion éthique, et l’importance des méthodes de travail mises en place pour favoriser l’éthique de la discussion comme prévention de la souffrance professionnelle.
Fins de vie, éthique et société
Authors: Louvet Céline
Published: December 2016

Dans un samsah (service d’accompagnement médico-social pour adultes handicapés), une équipe pluridisciplinaire accompagne au domicile, ou sur tout lieu d’activité, une personne atteinte d’une pathologie invalidante, que celle-ci soit d’ordre physiologique, neurologique, psychiatrique, chronique stabilisée ou évolutive, ou encore qu’elle subisse les séquelles d’un traumatisme.
Fins de vie, éthique et société
Authors: Ouédraogo Didier
Published: December 2016

Ce qui est en jeu à travers toutes nos préconisations (pensées et gestes) relatives à la fin de vie mérite d’être interrogé à la faveur de visions différentes relatives au mourir, comme processus conduisant ou préparant à la mort. Les préconisations pour « bien mourir » constituent un enjeu pour l’humain et son environnement. Les espaces, les gestes et les valeurs qui les habitent correspondent à des rationalités culturelles qui gouvernent la question de la mort dans chaque société. La manière dont chaque société appréhende la fin de vie reste tributaire de celle par laquelle ses membres se déploient dans l’existence, la manière dont ils perçoivent et nourrissent leurs relations entre le temps de la vie et le temps de la mort, coïncidant ou non avec le terme de la vie. Cette relation entre vie et mort va présider à l’élaboration du sens attaché à la phénoménalité de la vie et de la mort. Selon l’espace et le temps dans lesquels elle peut s’avérer radicalement différente. Aussi peut-on observer une rupture plus ou moins importante entre les deux termes vie et mort, et par certaines traditions de pensées, les trouver inscrites dans un continuum dont il s’agira d’appréhender la singularité.
Fins de vie, éthique et société
Authors: Chastang Françoise , Omnès Cécile , Védrinne Jacques , Walter Michel
Published: December 2016

Une sédation profonde et continue jusqu’au décès telle qu’elle est autorisée depuis peu, en France, par la loi du 2 février 2016, constitue ni plus ni moins une sédation « terminale », une « mort relationnelle » avant l’heure de la mort, en interrompant toute communication, l’ultime communication avec les proches et la famille. La lecture de cette loi s’avère complexe. Non seulement les frontières entre sédation profonde et assistance médicale au suicide sont dans les faits relativement floues, mais de plus les expériences étrangères montrent que les demandes de fin de vie pour raisons psychiques et existentielles sont loin d’être négligeables, et même en augmentation inquiétante. Les psychiatres vont donc être conduits à s’impliquer d’une façon plus précise dans la réflexion autour des demandes médicales de fin de vie.
Fins de vie, éthique et société
Authors: Mourman Vianney
Published: December 2016

La volonté exprimée par une grande majorité de la population est de ne pas subir d’obstination déraisonnable. Le Code de déontologie médicale 1 invite les soignants à ne pas en infliger aux patients. Au cœur de discussions quotidiennes, cette notion d’obstination reste cependant un concept assez flou dans la pratique médicale.
Les politiques méditerranéennes de l’Europe : trente ans d’occasions manquées
Authors: Daguzan Jean-François
Published: December 2016

L’Union européenne tente depuis plus de trois décennies de définir une stratégie méditerranéenne. Mais ni le processus de Barcelone, ni la Politique européenne de voisinage, ni l’Union pour la Méditerranée n’ont pu créer une communauté méditerranéenne pour le développement ou la sécurité. Les perspectives actuelles sont peu encourageantes, même si la situation dans nombre de pays de la rive sud, et les conflits du Levant ou du Sahel, rendent une telle stratégie encore plus pressante.
Brexit : Que s’est-il passé ? Que va-t-il se passer ?
Authors: Howorth Jolyon , Schmidt Vivien A.
Published: December 2016

Le référendum du Brexit traduit la réticence fondamentale des Britanniques à endosser la logique même de la construction européenne, l’impuissance des élites politiques à la leur expliquer, les difficultés particulières des principaux partis politiques en cause, ainsi que le développement d’un sentiment national proprement anglais. Nul ne peut imaginer pour le moment les clauses concrètes de ce Brexit. Mais il pourrait être l’occasion d’un véritable new deal pour l’intégration européenne.
Le Tour de la France par deux enfants de G. Bruno et ses adaptations cinématographiques et télévisuelles
Authors: Garin Aline
Published: December 2016

Le Tour de la France par deux enfants de G. Bruno est un célèbre manuel de lecture de la Troisième République. Publié pour la première fois en 1877, il a connu un grand succès pendant plusieurs décennies et a suscité quatre adaptations cinématographiques et télévisuelles, de 1924 à 1980, que se propose d’étudier cet article. Quatre adaptations très différentes, tant dans leur forme que dans la manière dont elles choisissent de rendre le manuel de G. Bruno, qu’il s’agisse de ses aspects romanesques ou de son contenu pédagogique. Le Tour de la France est ainsi remanié pour répondre aux projets des adaptateurs.
Le Berceau de Dieu (1926) : trente-sept vedettes pour un cinéma en mal de stars
Authors: Juan Myriam
Published: December 2016

Résumé En juin 1926 sort à Paris un film intitulé Le Berceau de Dieu (ou Les Ombres du passé ), superproduction promue depuis plusieurs mois comme une « manifestation grandiose de la cinématographie française » animée par « 37 vedettes françaises ». Cet article entreprend d’étudier ce film tombé dans l’oubli, en interrogeant en particulier, jusque dans ses abus, la notion de « vedette » placée au cœur de la campagne de publicité, à une époque où la presse ne cesse pourtant de déplorer le manque d’étoiles françaises et leur peu de rayonnement face aux stars américaines. Pour ce faire est adoptée une approche globale, confrontant le discours promotionnel dont le film a fait l’objet aux réalités de sa production, avant d’analyser son contenu mêlant, sur le modèle des réalisations de Cecil B. DeMille, visées d’édification religieuse et touches d’érotisme, pour enfin examiner l’accueil public et critique qui lui fut réservé en son temps. C’est en empruntant ainsi la voie d’une histoire culturelle du cinéma que ce texte propose de se pencher sur cet étrange objet cinématographique, non pas en vue d’une improbable réhabilitation, mais afin de cerner ce que celui-ci peut nous apprendre des ambitions, des stratégies et des écueils du cinéma français au milieu des années 1920.
Effect of water depth on limb kinematics of the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) during underwater treadmill exercise
Authors: Barnicoat F. , Wills A.P.
Published: December 2016

Canine hydrotherapy is an increasingly popular modality for the rehabilitation of dogs; however, little evidence exists to support the use of current hydrotherapy protocols. Before data can be meaningfully collected from pathological animals, biomechanical data for healthy animals is required. Kinematic analysis was utilised to observe the effect of increasing water depth on the stride parameters (including duty factor) of dogs exercising on a canine hydrotherapy treadmill. During two sessions, eight clinically sound adult dogs walked on the underwater treadmill at four different water depths (dry, mid-tarsal, between the lateral malleolus and the lateral epicondyle, and between the lateral epicondyle and greater trochanter). Reflective kinematic markers were placed onto anatomical limb landmarks and a video camera was used to record foot contacts at 60 Hz. Data were digitised using video analysis software and stride length, stride frequency and duty factor were subsequently calculated. Data were analysed using the Friedman Test and Wilcoxon post hoc pairwise tests to identify differences between conditions. There was a significant effect of water depth on duty factor (P<0.0005). Hind limb duty factor differed significantly from fore limb duty factor (P<0.0005), except at the depth between the lateral malleolus and the lateral epicondyle where no significant difference was observed. There was a significant effect of water depth on both stride frequency (P<0.0005) and stride length (P<0.0005). In summary, water depth has a significant impact on the stride parameters of dogs exercising on the canine hydrotherapy treadmill and as such is an important consideration when designing underwater treadmill based rehabilitation programs.
Comparison of Corneal Riboflavin Gradients Using Dextran and HPMC Solutions
Authors: Ehmke Tobias , Seiler Theo G. , Fischinger Isaak , Ripken Tammo , Heisterkamp Alexander , Frueh Beatrice E.
Published: December 2016

PURPOSE:

To determine the riboflavin concentration gradient in the anterior corneal stroma when using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) or dextran as the carrier agent.

METHODS:

Four different groups of porcine corneas (5 each) were compared regarding the riboflavin concentration in the anterior stroma. Prior to all experiments, stable hydration conditions were established for the corresponding solution. The dextran groups were treated with 0.1% riboflavin in 20% dextran for 10 and 30 minutes and the HPMC groups with 0.1% riboflavin in 1.1% HPMC for 10 and 30 minutes. After imbibition, nonlinear microscopy and consecutive image analysis were used to determine two-photon fluorescence intensities. To determine the riboflavin concentration, corneas were saturated and measured a second time by two-photon microscopy. With this measurement, a proper correction for absorption and scattering could be performed. Ultraviolet-A (UVA) transmission was measured after the application time for each group.

RESULTS:

Riboflavin concentration decreased with increasing depth and increased with longer application times in all groups. Comparing the dextran for 30 minutes and HPMC for 10 minutes groups, a significantly higher stromal riboflavin concentration was found within the most anterior 70
µ
m in the dextran group for 30 minutes, whereas deeper than 260
µ
m HPMC-assisted imbibition for 10 minutes yielded higher concentrations. In dextran-treated corneas, values obtained from pachymetry were substantially reduced, whereas HPMC-assisted imbibition led to a decent swelling. UVA transmission values were higher in dextran-assisted imbibition than in HPMC-assisted imbibition.

CONCLUSIONS:

Stromal riboflavin gradients are similar when applied in dextran for 30 minutes and HPMC for 10 minutes. When using HPMC solutions, a shallower cross-linked volume is expected due to a higher corneal hydration.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2016;32(12):798–802.]
Surgical Correction of Presbyopic Ametropia With Non-refractive Transparent Corneal Inlay and an Implantable Collamer Lens
Authors: Gutierrez Amoros Carlos
Published: December 2016

PURPOSE:

To report the clinical outcomes of two patients implanted with the Raindrop Near Vision Inlay (ReVision Optics, Inc., Lake Forest, CA) to correct for presbyopia and the Visian implantable collamer lens (ICL) (STAAR Surgical, Monrovia, CA) to correct refractive error.

METHODS:

Case report.

RESULTS:

Two patients with presbyopic ametropia complained of blurred vision for distance and near. Both patients received a corneal inlay in the non-dominant eye followed by the Raindrop Inlay the following day. The first patient had an inlay decentration associated with corneal edema and excessive intraocular collamer lens (ICL) vaulting. After ICL exchange and inlay recentration, the ICL stayed properly placed in the ciliary sulcus, and the Raindrop Inlay was well centered. The second patient underwent an uneventful procedure and experienced no complications. At the last visit, both patients were able to see 1.0 (20/20 Snellen) uncorrected visual acuity for distance and near and were satisfied with their vision.

CONCLUSIONS:

These two cases suggest that the combination of an ICL with a Raindrop Inlay results in good visual outcomes and patient satisfaction. When combining Raindrop Inlay surgery with an intraocular procedure such as Visian ICL implantation, careful lens selection and sizing are required because there may be an increased risk for inlay decentration associated with corneal edema.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2016;32(12):852–854.]
Study of Continuity Trust on Adoption and Design of e-Education and Student Development
Authors: Liu Dawei , Guo Xiaohong
Published: December 2016

Trust or trustworthiness is an important issue in e-education and development of students’ capabilities. Factors to calculate trust level have been studied to provide valuable information to students to avoid invalid choices. While some education branches provider and fraudulent services online still widely exist. A typical one is to attract students with ideal price or service but fail to deliver a solid item. This behavior is often carried out by a newly registered e-education. This paper proposes a new trust evaluation model to indicate to some extent the trust level of an e-education firm or service provider at different registered time. We describe our proposed approach for continuity trust evaluation, which evaluated empirically in the paper.
The Role of Games in Special Preschool Education
Authors: Kokkalia Georgia , Drigas Athanasios , Economou Alexandra
Published: December 2016

Recent development in new technology has led many teachers, schools and other educators to use it with their students in their learning process. Especially, in the field of special preschool education the role of educational computer games seem significant. In this short review paper we give a brief overview of the most representative articles that concentrate on these games that support preschool children who face literature, math, cognitive, intellectual and physical difficulties. The role of computer educational games in children who are gifted or face developmental disorders (autism) is also explored.
A Study on Computer Teaching Based on Computational Thinking
Authors: Wang Meng , Wang Yu Feng
Published: December 2016

The concept of computational thinking has caused wide public concern over the world. How to cultivate students’ computational thinking and creative ability becomes a common question. This paper proposes some suggestions about the curriculum provision of theory courses and experimental teaching of computer science and technology.
Mobile English Learning: An Empirical Study on an APP, English Fun Dubbing
Authors: Zhang Sihong
Published: December 2016

The availability of smart phones connected to mobile network and the occurrence of APPs developed for the educational purposes provide us with the possibility and feasibility of mobile teaching and learning. English Fun Dubbing, an APP designed for its users to practice oral English, was employed in this one-academic-year empirical study to evaluate the benefits of mobile APPs in the field of pedagogy. When the study ended, an anonymous online questionnaire was distributed to the 123 participants to survey the effects of English Fun Dubbing on their English language learning. The results showed that the majority of the respondents were satisfied with it in many aspects including its conveniences, flexibility, user-friendliness, rich materials, authentic language context, etc. and also its functions to inspire learning interests, foster learner autonomy, help realize personalized learning, and so on. We concluded that a reasonable and wise choice of APPs would not only be useful for students’ English learning, but also help lead them to use mobile phones in a positive way.
Multiple Aspects of Comparing Surface Properties of Ceramic Tiles Regarding Slip Resistance
Authors: Terjek Anita
Published: December 2016

The objective of this study was to determine the affecting factors that can possibly change slipperiness of flooring. Laboratory slip resistance tests were conducted under different surface conditions. Two different methods were used to measure 6 different ceramic tiles. This article has its focus mainly on the required security and its quantification during the service life of floor coverings. Slip resistance of ceramic tiling can change with use. It is worth to investigate the effect of cleaning agents on slipperiness of floors, because it could be more dangerous when the cleaning process is in progress, so the surface is still in wet state or partly covered by liquid. This paper makes a comparative analysis on the different measurement methods and sliders that rub against the surface. In case of public and residential buildings slip resistance and surface roughness associated with cleanability, all have influence on safety in use and durability. The results showed that the perceived surface roughness parameters could be used as indicator of slipperiness and supplement objective measurement of this performance.
The Effect of Aggregate Type on the Properties of Lime Mortars
Authors: Vyšvařil Martin , Žižlavský Tomáš , Bayer Patrik
Published: December 2016

Lime mortars represent indispensable building materials that have been used for centuries in civil engineering. Considering the necessity of numerous restoration work on historical buildings, a research of the applicability and suitability of various types of plasters for repairing the historical plasters has been developed. This work presents the applicability of limestone aggregate and limestone fines to aerial lime-based mortars. The role of aggregates on the properties of lime mortars is examined in this paper by comparing pure quartz sand and limestone aggregate and its quantity in the mortar. It was found that limestone aggregate produced the comparable or higher mortar strengths than quartz aggregate and slightly increased porosity, water absorptive capacity and carbonation rate of the mortars. Partially replacement of aggregate by limestone fines has caused dramatic growth in strength, especially in mortars with high content of binder. The applied limestone aggregate is convenient to lime-based mortars and the addition of limestone fines contributes to better mechanical properties of lime mortars.
Experimental Full-Scale Test Cell Optimizing for Research of Novel Concepts towards Climatically Active Solar Façade Design
Authors: Čekon Miroslav , Slávik Richard , Struhala Karel , Formánek Marian
Published: December 2016

The passive solar test facilities have recently been created in many research centers all over the world to analyse dynamic outdoor phenomena on buildings and their components. The main objective of these research activities is primarily to evolve a methodology, improve test methods, validate numerical models and measure real thermodynamic properties of building components under outdoor climate conditions. An integration of advanced material solutions into buildings need to be investigated within specific conditions related specifically to outdoor test methods. A research project on Contemporary concepts of climatically active solar facades at the Brno University of Technology does have an ambition to create an experimental full-scale test cell for research of thermal aspects in progressive advances of future solar façade concepts exposed to the real climate conditions. This paper describes the design optimization phase preceding the test cell assembly. This phase includes the analysis of energy and thermal properties based on parametric study features. Computer simulations based on finite element and volume methods are involved in the optimization process. The proposed optimized test cell design is confronted with parametrization of typical thermal aspects to present final test cell demonstration.
Characterization of Lightweight Concrete Produced from Plastics Waste - Polystyrene and EVA
Authors: Gregorova Valeria , Uncik Stanislav
Published: December 2016

In this paper, the lightweight concrete made from polystyrene and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) waste was studied. EVA waste from footwear industry and waste polystyrene were used as an aggregate in the lightweight concrete. Each of the plastic wastes was used alone (as a sole aggregate) or in combination with the other in a ratio of 1:3, 1:1 and 3:1. The water-cement ratio of 0.50 and the dose of cement – 175 kg·m-3 were used for all mixtures. Test results showed that the bulk density and the thermal conductivity of lightweight concrete tended to increase with increasing EVA waste content. The maximum compressive strength of lightweight concrete was reached with the waste materials in a ratio of 1:1. Based on the results, the application of EVA waste as lightweight filler showed a good possibility for use in the lightweight concrete.