bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le double et le groupe
Authors: Chapellière Hervé
Published: November 2010

À partir d’une réflexion en forme de trilogie – le rapport entre Freud, ses doubles, et la création de son groupe viennois ; la présence de jumeaux et de mannequins dans le Théâtre de la mort du dramaturge Tadeusz Kantor ; l’émergence de figures spéculaires dans les psychothérapies de groupes d’enfants et d’adolescents –, l’auteur tentera d’aborder les liens qui unissent la question du double et du groupe. Entre dégagement du lien primaire, passage entre soi et l’autre, travail de deuil et tentative d’élaboration du fraternel et du générationnel.
Secrets de famille et deuil impossible
Authors: Chérifi Zahia
Published: November 2010

À partir d’entretiens individuels, nous avons recueilli le discours d’un homme « en deuil », deuil lié à sa maladie – le diabète, maladie chronique –, deuil de son épouse décédée d’un cancer deux ans auparavant, deuil de toute une famille aux prises avec des secrets transmis d’une génération à l’autre. Ces transmissions transgénérationnelles participeraient à rendre difficile, voire impossible, tout processus de deuil.
Pères et fils : masculinité, société et transmission
Authors: Blais Martin , Bédard Isabelle
Published: November 2010

Du macho au métrosexuel, la masculinité paraît aujourd’hui mieux désignée par le pluriel que par le singulier. Pour certains, la multiplication des formes sous lesquelles la masculinité se décline signerait le piètre état dans lequel l’homme moderne se trouve. Pour d’autres, elle serait l’effet du processus d’émancipation qui encourage l’homme moderne à se façonner comme il l’entend, en dehors des conventions d’antan. Ce discours sur la masculinité paraît intimement lié à ceux sur la place du père dans la société contemporaine. La transformation de ces discours est rattachée aux changements sociostructuraux qui ont pris place au cours des derniers siècles dans la société occidentale, notamment le passage de la société stratifiée à la société fonctionnellement différenciée.
Les organisations découvrent le (réseau) social
Authors: Séguin Bruno Louis , Roumieux Olivier
Published: November 2010

Résumé Il s’inscrit clairement dans la lignée des technologies de l’information et il est directement issu du Web 2.0. Il est simple d’approche, il est ouvert, il est riche et multiple. Il est promis à un bel avenir. C’est le réseau social d’entreprise, dont l’implantation dans les organisations y transforme bien des modes de fonctionnement et remet en question les méthodes de traitement et de diffusion de l’information.
Le social sous toutes ses facettes
Authors: Ogez Émilie , Castagnac Gilles , Motta Valerio , Bourcet Emmanuel , Candellier Ludovic , Maubon Grégory , Barthélémi Stéphanie , Guilbaud Elisabeth , Roumieux Olivier
Published: November 2010

Abstract À quoi peut bien servir un réseau social ? La deuxième partie de ce dossier est consacrée aux usages en présentant de nombreux cas d’utilisation : que ce soit au service de la mobilité professionnelle et de la recherche d'emploi, du travail de terrain de militants politiques, du dynamisme économique d'une région ou encore d'une association de professionnels de l'information, les réseaux sociaux commencent à faire leurs preuves. Sommaire de cette deuxième partie : Les usages se diversifient dans les organisations , par Émilie Ogez. Le chemin de l’Irma, de l’annuaire au réseau social , par Gilles Castagnac. Coopains et militants du PS dans le même réseau social , par Valerio Motta. Kinorezo multiplie les connexions dans la filière culturelle , par Emmanuel Bourcet. Pic@ssos tend sa toile aux associations picardes , par Ludovic Candellier. Ecobiz, le réseau social d’entrepreneurs , par Grégory Maubon et Stéphanie Barthélémi. Une communauté au service de la mobilité professionnelle , par Élisabeth Guilbaud. ADBS : un réseau social au service du projet associatif , par Olivier Roumieux.
Des outils pour toutes les plateformes
Authors: Séguin Bruno Louis , Henrard Jean-Christophe , Basset Hervé , Collette Fabrice
Published: November 2010

Resumen Si les usages des réseaux sociaux décollent, c'est parce qu'une offre de logiciels stables et crédibles s'est constituée. C'est une offre à géométrie variable, que présente le troisième pôle de ce dossier. Si le poids lourd Microsoft doit cette année attirer l'attention avec une version 2010 de Sharepoint entièrement repensée autour du concept de réseaux sociaux, beaucoup d'autres solutions, libres ou pas, ont fait leur apparition. Et, si déployer un réseau social à l'échelle de l'entreprise demande évidemment une sérieuse méthodologie projet, d'autres solutions plus modestes s'installent et s'apprivoisent en quelques heures. Sommaire de cette troisième partie : Gérer un projet de réseau social : guide méthodologique , par Bruno-Louis Séguin. Des outils pour monter un réseau social : l’offre actuelle , par Jean-Christophe Henrard. 2010, l’année SharePoint , par Hervé Basset. Elgg, un logiciel libre dans le monde des réseaux sociaux , par Fabrice Colette. Créer son réseau social privé en un quart d’heure , par Bruno Louis Séguin
Le général gambiez et les catholiques vietnamiens pendant la guerre d'indochine
Authors: Latour Francis
Published: November 2010

Résumé Les rapports entre catholiques vietnamiens et Français durant la guerre d’Indochine furent fort ambigus. Le colonel puis général Gambiez eut à composer avec cette réalité très complexe en tant qu’officier de terrain pendant les hostilités, puis en tant que chargé de l’accueil des réfugiés catholiques tonkinois au Sud-Vietnam après les accords de Genève de 1954. Il fut constamment confronté au problème posé par des communautés catholiques partagées entre leur anticommunisme et leurs sentiments antifrançais.
Souvenirs de résistance en allemagne
Authors: Piatier Henri
Published: November 2010

Résumé Henri Piatier raconte les conditions dans lesquelles il a travaillé dans des laboratoires allemands avec l’accord de Frédéric Joliot et de Louis Leprince-Ringuet pendant une partie de sa captivité et comment il a pu prendre une part active à des activités de résistance avec l’aide et l’amitié de Paul Rosbaud le directeur scientifique de l’éditeur allemand Springer-Verlag.
Geophysical and geotechnical assessment of a railway embankment failure
Authors: Donohue Shane , Gavin Kenneth , Tolooiyan Ali
Published: November 2010

A geophysical investigation was carried out after the failure of an important railway embankment in the south‐east of Ireland. The embankment, which had a long‐term history of stability problems, was studied using a combination of ground‐penetrating radar (GPR), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) and geotechnical testing. A significant thickening of the ballast layer around the failure location was observed using GPR, which confirmed the existence of an ongoing stability problem in the area. ERT profiles determined the presence and spatial extent of a significant layer of soft clay both beneath and to the east of the embankment, which could have a major impact on its long‐term stability. ERT also detected steeply sloping bedrock close to the failure zone that is likely to have contributed to the long‐term settlement of the embankment, which necessitated frequent re‐ballasting. MASW confirmed the presence of the steeply sloping bedrock in addition to determining the low stiffness values of the embankment fill.

High quality sampling of the soft clay deposit was undertaken and strength and compressibility tests revealed the importance of this layer to both the on‐going serviceability problems evident for the original embankment and the stability problems encountered by the remodelled section.
Thyroidectomy and Lymph Node Dissection in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Ito Yasuhiro , Miyauchi Akira
Published: November 2010

Papillary carcinoma is a prominent malignancy originating from follicular cells. This disease generally shows an indolent character, but patients demonstrating certain clinicopathological features have a dire prognosis. At present, Western countries adopted almost routine total thyroidectomy with radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation, while limited thyroidectomy with extensive prophylactic lymph node dissection has traditionally been performed for most patients in Japan. Recently, accurate evaluation of carcinoma stage can be performed on preoperative imaging studies, especially on ultrasonography. It is therefore important to treat papillary carcinoma patients depending on clinicopathological features rather than in a stereotyped fashion. In this paper, appropriate extension of thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection is discussed based on Western and recently published Japanese guidelines and the experience in Kuma Hospital.
Natural (a)theologies in Ancient Israel: Descriptive perspectives from philosophy of religion
Authors: Gericke Jacobus W.
Published: November 2010

According to popular consensus, the ancient Israelites shunned natural theology and belief in Yahweh was based on revelation and not reason. In relatively recent times, this view has come under increasing pressure as the presence of natural theology in the Hebrew Bible has turned into a topic of sporadic interest. In this article, a contribution to this discussion is made by way of placing the topic in its proper framework within the philosophy of religion. In doing so, it provides a descriptive introduction to what will for the foreseen future remain a controversial issue.
Stripe‐Like Pattern Formation in Airbrush‐Spray Deposition of Colloidal Polymer Film
Authors: Buffet Adeline , Abul Kashem Mottakin M. , Perlich Jan , Herzog Gerd , Schwartzkopf Matthias , Gehrke Rainer , Roth Stephan V.
Published: November 2010

We use the versatile technique of Grazing incidence small angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS) to investigate the ordering of colloidal polymer films deposited on Silicon substrate by airbrush‐spray coating. A lateral ordering of the polymer colloids is highly desirable as it would open a promising route to generate laterally structured templates and scaffold for the fabrication of ultra‐high density media. The study shows a strong dependency of the film homogeneity on the number of spray cycles and a strong influence of the solvent choice on the film lateral ordering.
Novel Film‐Casting Method for High‐Performance Flexible Polymer Electrodes
Authors: Lee Byoung Hoon , Park Sung Heum , Back Hyungcheol , Lee Kwanghee
Published: November 2010

A new film‐casting method for polymer electrodes is reported, in which thickness‐controlled drop‐casting (TCDC), using polyaniline doped with camphorsulfonic acid (PANI:CSA) is used. By combining the advantages of conventional spin‐casting and drop‐casting methods, and by rigorously controlling the film formation parameters, flexible polymer electrodes with high conductivity and excellent transmittance can be produced. The PANI:CSA electrodes cast by the TCDC method exhibited constant thickness‐independent conductivities of ∼600 S cm−1 down to a film thickness of 0.2 μm, and a high optical transmittance of about 85% at 550 nm. Furthermore, the new casting method significantly reduced the sheet resistance (∼90 Ω/square) of the PANI:CSA electrodes compared with the conventional spin‐cast films, enhancing the performance of the devices deposited on plastic substrates. The flexible polymer light‐emitting diode produced a brightness of 6000 cd m−2, and the flexible polymer solar cell exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 2%, both of which were much higher than those of the devices fabricated by the conventional spin‐casting method.
Structural and Electrical Properties of Atomic Layer Deposited Al‐Doped ZnO Films
Authors: Lee Do‐Joong , Kim Hyun‐Mi , Kwon Jang‐Yeon , Choi Hyoji , Kim Soo‐Hyun , Kim Ki‐Bum
Published: November 2010

Structural and electrical properties of Al‐doped ZnO (AZO) films deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) are investigated to study the extrinsic doping mechanism of a transparent conducting oxide. ALD‐AZO films exhibit a unique layer‐by‐layer structure consisting of a ZnO matrix and Al2O3 dopant layers, as determined by transmission electron microscopy analysis. In these layered AZO films, a single Al2O3 dopant layer deposited during one ALD cycle could provide ≈4.5 × 1013 cm−2 free electrons to the ZnO. The effective field model for doping is suggested to explain the decrease in the carrier concentration of ALD‐AZO films when the interval between the Al2O3 layers is reduced to less than ≈2.6 nm (>3.4 at% Al). By correlating the electrical and structural properties, an extrinsic doping mechanism of ALD‐AZO films is proposed in which the incorporated Al atoms take oxygen from the ZnO matrix and form doubly charged donors, such as oxygen vacancies or zinc interstitials.
Microevolutionary processes due to landscape features in the province of Jujuy (Argentina)
Authors: Gómez‐Pérez Luis , Alfonso‐sánchez Miguel A. , Dipierri José E. , Alfaro Emma , García‐Obregón Susana , De Pancorbo Marian M. , Bailliet Graciella , Peña José A.
Published: November 2010

Objectives: We seek to evaluate the influence of a diverse and rugged physical environment on the genetic background of human populations.

Methods: We analyzed eight polymorphic Alu insertions in 226 individuals from Jujuy province (Argentina), which is composed of several regions with well‐defined geographical features and marked contrasts between them associated with differences in altitude (range: 700‐3300 m). This regional division was used to assess the spatial variation of the Alu diversity.

Results: Deviations from Hardy‐Weinberg Equilibrium expectations resulting from heterozygous deficit were found for FXIIIB and PV92 in the highest subpopulations. Several Alu elements showed genetic heterogeneity between the highest region (La Puna) and the lowest regions (Valle and Selva). Similarly, a decreasing trend of the average heterozygosity according to altitude was found. Both the centroid method and the admixture analysis unveiled a gene flow above the average in lowland populations, indicating a higher proportion of foreign genes introduced by immigrants of European and African ancestry. Furthermore, several Alu frequency clines fitting the orientation of the altitude gradient were detected.

Conclusions: Our study reveals a spatial patterning of the Alu diversity in Jujuy, most likely determined by disparities in landscape and environmental features between the different subregions. Differences in the physical environment would have drastically reduced the homogenizing effects of the gene flow and would have promoted genetic drift episodes in the highest subpopulations. Microevolutionary processes detected in Jujuy have played an important role in the shaping of the gene pool of the populations from this sub‐Andean zone from Argentina. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new subclade of mtDNA haplogroup C1 found in icelanders: Evidence of pre‐columbian contact?
Authors: Ebenesersdóttir Sigríður Sunna , Sigurðsson Ásgeir , Sánchez‐Quinto Federico , Lalueza‐Fox Carles , Stefánsson Kári , Helgason Agnar
Published: November 2010

Although most mtDNA lineages observed in contemporary Icelanders can be traced to neighboring populations in the British Isles and Scandinavia, one may have a more distant origin. This lineage belongs to haplogroup C1, one of a handful that was involved in the settlement of the Americas around 14,000 years ago. Contrary to an initial assumption that this lineage was a recent arrival, preliminary genealogical analyses revealed that the C1 lineage was present in the Icelandic mtDNA pool at least 300 years ago. This raised the intriguing possibility that the Icelandic C1 lineage could be traced to Viking voyages to the Americas that commenced in the 10th century. In an attempt to shed further light on the entry date of the C1 lineage into the Icelandic mtDNA pool and its geographical origin, we used the deCODE Genetics genealogical database to identify additional matrilineal ancestors that carry the C1 lineage and then sequenced the complete mtDNA genome of 11 contemporary C1 carriers from four different matrilines. Our results indicate a latest possible arrival date in Iceland of just prior to 1700 and a likely arrival date centuries earlier. Most surprisingly, we demonstrate that the Icelandic C1 lineage does not belong to any of the four known Native American (C1b, C1c, and C1d) or Asian (C1a) subclades of haplogroup C1. Rather, it is presently the only known member of a new subclade, C1e. While a Native American origin seems most likely for C1e, an Asian or European origin cannot be ruled out. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomic localization of motor entry point of superficial peroneal nerve to peroneus longus and brevis muscles
Authors: Lee Je‐Hun , Lee Be‐Na , An Xiaochun , Chung Rak‐Hee , Kwon Seong‐Oh , Han Seung‐Ho
Published: November 2010

This study examined the anatomic location of the motor entry point (MEP) and branching point at the proximal and distal points of the tendon of the peroneal muscle by visual observation. Forty‐three fresh legs of 25 adult bodies which had been donated to science were investigated in this study. The mean length of the reference line between the most proximal point of the head of the fibula (PHF) and the most distal point of the malleolus of the fibula (DMF) was 33.4 ± 2.5 cm. The MEPs of the peroneus longus (PL) and peroneus brevis (PB) gathered from 20 to 40% (7.0–13.0 cm) and 40 to 60%, respectively. The branching point where the nerve was divided to innervate the PL and PB was 10% and 28% from the PHF, respectively. These anatomic results suggest appropriate areas where to inject phenol or other agents for a MEP block in the case of a spastic lower extremity as well as guidelines for an electromyography conduction test. Clin. Anat. 24:232–236, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sacralization is not associated with elongated cervical costal process and cervical rib
Authors: Tague Robert G.
Published: November 2010

Cervical rib/elongated costal process of the seventh cervical vertebra and sacralization of a lumbar vertebra are associated with clinical problems—neurological, vascular, and obstetrical. A previous study reported an association between these morphologies, and suggested that clinicians use presence of one trait to predict presence of the other. This study tested three hypotheses from this association: costal process length among individuals with sacralization differs from that among individuals without sacralization for: (1) only the seventh cervical vertebra, (2) only transitional presacral vertebrae—seventh cervical, twelfth thoracic, and fifth lumbar, and (3) presacral vertebrae in general. Skeletons of 961 individuals between ages 20 and 49 years from the United States were surveyed for sacralization. Costal process length was measured on 100 individuals with sacralization and 184 without sacralization for cervical vertebrae 3 to 7, thoracic vertebrae 11 and 12, and all lumbar vertebrae. Cervical rib was evaluated for 102 individuals with sacralization and 472 without sacralization. Results showed that 11% (105 of 961) of individuals have sacralization. Compared to individuals without sacralization, those with sacralization: (1) have significantly longer costal process for the last lumbar vertebra, but are nonsignificantly different for costal process lengths of other vertebrae, (2) are nonsignificantly different in prevalence of cervical rib—2.9% with sacralization and 0.4% without sacralization, and (3) are significantly more likely to have an extra presacral vertebra. Clinically, results suggest that sacralization is not a predicate for either cervical rib or elongated costal process of the seventh cervical vertebra. Clin. Anat. 24:209–217, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tau isoform‐specific modulation of kinesin‐driven microtubule gliding rates and trajectories as determined with tau‐stabilized microtubules
Authors: Peck Austin , Sargin M. Emre , LaPointe Nichole E. , Rose Kenneth , Manjunath B. S. , Feinstein Stuart C. , Wilson Leslie
Published: November 2010

We have utilized tau‐assembled and tau‐stabilized microtubules (MTs), in the absence of taxol, to investigate the effects of tau isoforms with three and four MT binding repeats upon kinesin‐driven MT gliding. MTs were assembled in the presence of either 3‐repeat tau (3R tau) or 4‐repeat tau (4R tau) at tau:tubulin dimer molar ratios that approximate those found in neurons. MTs assembled with 3R tau glided at 31.1 μm/min versus 25.8 μm/min for 4R tau, a statistically significant 17% difference. Importantly, the gliding rates for either isoform did not change over a fourfold range of tau concentrations. Further, tau‐assembled MTs underwent minimal dynamic instability behavior while gliding and moved with linear trajectories. In contrast, MTs assembled with taxol in the absence of tau displayed curved gliding trajectories. Interestingly, addition of 4R tau to taxol‐stabilized MTs restored linear gliding, while addition of 3R tau did not. The data are consistent with the ideas that (i) 3R and 4R tau‐assembled MTs possess at least some isoform‐specific features that impact upon kinesin translocation, (ii) tau‐assembled MTs possess different structural features than do taxol‐assembled MTs, and (iii) some features of tau‐assembled MTs can be masked by prior assembly by taxol. The differences in kinesin‐driven gliding between 3R and 4R tau suggest important features of tau function related to the normal shift in tau isoform composition that occurs during neural development as well as in neurodegeneration caused by altered expression ratios of otherwise normal tau isoforms. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Head and neck cancer‐specific survival based on socioeconomic status in Asians and Pacific Islanders
Authors: Chu Karen P. , Shema Sarah , Wu Simon , Gomez Scarlett L. , Chang Ellen T. , Le Quynh‐Thu
Published: November 2010

BACKGROUND:

Lower socioeconomic status (SES) has been linked to higher incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC) and lower survival. However, little is known about the effect of SES on HNC survival in Asians and Pacific Islanders (APIs). This study's purpose was to examine the effect of SES on disease‐specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) in APIs with HNC using population‐based data.

METHODS:

A total of 53,544 HNC patients (4,711 = APIs) were identified from the California Cancer Registry from 1988 to 2007. Neighborhood (block‐group‐level) SES, based on composite Census 1990 and 2000 data, was calculated for each patient based on address at diagnosis, categorized into statewide quintiles, and collapsed into 2 groups for comparison (low SES = quintiles 1‐3; high SES = quintiles 4‐5). DSS and OS were computed by the Kaplan‐Meier method. Adjusted hazards ratios (HR) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models.

RESULTS:

Among APIs, lower neighborhood SES was significantly associated with poorer DSS (HR range for oral cavity, oropharynx, or larynx/hypopharynx cancer, 1.07‐1.34) and OS (HR, 1.13‐1.37) after adjusting for patient and tumor characteristics. Lower SES was significantly associated with poorer survival in API with all HNC sites combined: DSS HR: 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08‐1.48) and OS HR, 1.30 (95% CI, 1.16‐1.45).

CONCLUSIONS:

Neighborhood SES was associated with longer DSS and OS in API with HNC. The effect of SES on HNC survival should be considered in future studies, and particular attention should be paid to clinical care of lower‐SES HNC patients. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Characterization of Anion Exchange Ionomers in Hybrid Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
Authors: Ünlü Murat , Zhou Junfeng , Anestis‐Richard Irene , Kohl Paul A.
Published: November 2010

Anion exchange ionomers (AEI) synthesized here were characterized by use of a novel fuel cell configuration. The new analysis method involves assembling the AEI electrode of interest as the cathode in a hybrid, acid/alkaline, fuel cell configuration. The hybrid cell includes a conventional proton conducting anode/membrane half‐cell along with the anionic conductor of interest at the cathode. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and voltammetry were used to evaluate the performance of the hybrid AEI‐containing fuel cell with H2 and O2. In particular, the AEI electrode response in impedance spectroscopy was easily identified because the contributions from other components are largely minimized in the presented hybrid cell configuration. The properties of ionomers used in the AEI electrode were shown to have a substantial effect on the electrode performance. Low catalyst utilization, due to high water uptake and low conductivity, was identified as the major causes of poor performance in AEI electrodes.
Polychromatic flow cytometry analysis of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells in cryopreserved early preterm human cord blood samples
Authors: D'Alessio F. , Mirabelli P. , Gorrese M. , Scalia G. , Gemei M. , Mariotti E. , Di Noto R. , Martinelli P. , Fortunato G. , Paladini D. , Del Vecchio L.
Published: November 2010

During the last decades, extended characterizations were performed of human full‐term cord blood (hTCB) cells, but little information is available on human early preterm cord blood (hEPCB) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In our study, we analyzed by flow cytometry 19 hEPCB and 17 hTCB samples. First, we observed that the percentage of CD34PosCD45Dim cells was higher in hEPCB compared with hTCB and that it decreased during 16th–20th week of pregnancy. Within the CD34PosCD45Dim population, we examined the expression of CD29, CD31, CD38, CD90, CD117, CD133, CD135, CD200, CD243, and CD338. We found that CD135 intensity and CD243Pos cells percentage were lower in hEPCB compared with hTCB. As to CD38, we observed that hEPCB samples were richer in undifferentiated CD34PosCD45DimCD38Neg HSCs compared with hTCB counterparts. We also compared the expression of the above‐mentioned molecules in undifferentiated and committed HSCs residing in hEPCB and hTCB. In particular, although CD34PosCD45DimCD38Pos HSCs from both hEPCB and hTCB expressed relatively higher amounts of CD29, CD71, and CD135 compared with CD34PosCD45DimCD38Neg cells, a higher expression of CD31 was restricted to CD34PosCD45DimCD38Pos cells from hEPCB samples, and a higher expression of CD117 was demonstrated in CD34PosCD45DimCD38Pos cells from hTCB samples. Moreover, our data showed that CD34PosCD45Dim cell population from hEPCB displayed higher percent of undifferentiated CD38NegCD133Pos cells compared with hTCB samples. Finally, analyzing monocytes and lymphocytes within the two samples, we observed that T‐cell percentages were higher in hTCB, whereas B‐cell percentages were higher in hEPCB. We, therefore, studied the B‐cell lineage maturation and found a higher percent of pro‐B and pre‐B cells in hEPCB compared with hTCB samples. Taken together, these results evidence the hematopoietic peculiarity of hEPCB, potentially useful for highlighting early steps of human hematolymphopoiesis as well as for developing novel strategies of stem cell‐based therapy. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Molecular and flow cytometry characterization during the follow‐up of three simultaneous lymphoproliferative disorders: Hairy cell leukemia, monoclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis, and CD4++/CD8+/−dim T‐large granular lymphocytosis—A case report
Authors: Garrido P. , Jiménez P. , Sánchez C. , Valero F. , Balanzategui A. , Almagro M. , López P. , de Pablos J. M. , Navarro P. , Cabrera A. , González M. , Jurado M. , Ruiz‐Cabello F.
Published: November 2010

The simultaneous diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia and monoclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis with the characteristics of “indolent” chronic lymphocytic leukemia is rare but not unknown. However, an association with a third clonal lymphoproliferative disorder has not previously been described. We report the simultaneous presence of hairy cell leukemia, monoclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis, and alpha beta CD4++/CD8+ T‐cell large granular lymphocytosis in a 63‐year‐old man. After the diagnosis, the three lymphoproliferative disorders (i.e., two of B‐cell lineage and one of T‐cell lineage) were characterized by analysis of multiple sequential bone marrow and peripheral blood samples using flow cytometry and molecular techniques. We discuss these findings in the context of chronic antigen stimulation, immunosuppression, and apoptotic pathway alterations, which might be implicated in the accumulation of these abnormal clones in the same patient. Because the phenotype of the three clones is compatible with fully differentiated B lymphocytes (consistent with a postgerminal origin) and T‐CD4++ cells, we favor the possibility of an antigen‐driven mechanism and a dysregulation of homeostatic apoptosis in this patient. © 2010 International International Clinical Cytometry Society
Divide and rule: Cytodiagnosis of thyroid lesions using pattern analysis: A study of 233 cases
Authors: MuddeGowda Prakash H. , Lingegowda Jyothi , Natesan Rajesh , Kurpad Ramkumar
Published: November 2010

Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the thyroid is a simple, accurate, fast, economical and safe method for the diagnosis of thyroid lesions on FNA. The objective of this study was application of pattern analysis in the interpretation of thyroid lesions. Two hundred and thirty three cases of thyroid lesion were reviewed, which had histopathological correlation. Smears were classified based on primary (predominant) and secondary (next dominant) pattern and categorized. The variation between combined and final cytological diagnosis was correlated with the histopathological diagnosis. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy for the diagnosis of malignancy were 90.47, 100 and 99.14%. Our study demonstrates the feasibility and applicability of pattern analysis in diagnosing thyroid lesions, which could be easily reproducible Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diagnostic accuracy and safety of fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of the parapharyngeal space
Authors: Arnason Thomas , Hart Robert D. , Taylor S. Mark , Trites Jonathan R. , Nasser Joseph G. , Bullock Martin J.
Published: November 2010

Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of the parapharyngeal space (PPS) is a diagnostic challenge and sampling is often done without image guidance, often trans‐orally. Primary PPS tumors are rare, and there is a broad differential diagnosis. The accuracy of PPS FNA, in particular without CT‐guidance and using liquid‐based cytology (LBC), has not been well studied. Pathology records from our institution (a 1,100 bed Canadian academic tertiary care centre) were searched to identify all patients who underwent PPS FNA from September 1991 to August 2009. The FNA diagnosis was compared to the gold standard of subsequent histopathology or long‐term clinical follow‐up. Of 36 FNAs, 3 employed image guidance. Eleven (31%) FNAs were nondiagnostic. In the 25 diagnostic FNAs, there was sensitivity 89%, specificity 94%, PPV 89%, NPV 94%, and accuracy 92% for the diagnosis of positive or negative for malignancy. A correct specific diagnosis was made in 9/25 (36%) cases. The nondiagnostic rate was significantly higher (P < 0.025) in FNAs prepared as conventional smears (9/17 = 53%) versus LBC (2/19 = 11%). A specific diagnosis was made significantly more often (P < 0.05) with LBC (8/19 = 43%) versus conventional smear (1/17 = 5.9%). One minor complication from FNA occurred. In conclusion, PPS FNA is safe and accurate for the diagnosis of malignancy. The rate of reporting a specific diagnosis is low. Nondiagnostic FNAs are common. There are more specific diagnoses and fewer nondiagnostic tests with LBC than with conventional smears. Improved specimen quality with LBC is likely a factor. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hepatosplenic T‐cell lymphoma is a distinct rare entity: Diagnosis by fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Kumar Rajiv , Dey Pranab , Das Ashim , Sachdeva Manupdesh Singh , Varma, Subhash
Published: November 2010

In this brief report, we have described the fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of a hepatosplenic T‐cell lymphoma (HSTCL) in a 60‐year‐old female patient. The patient complained of fever and heaviness of left upper abdomen. Ultrasound‐guided FNAC of the spleen showed immature lymphoid cells, and a diagnosis of primary non‐Hodgkin lymphoma of spleen was offered. Subsequently, the patient underwent splenectomy and wedge biopsy of liver that confirmed the cytological diagnosis. The lymphoma cells were positive for CD3 immunostain. Primary hepatosplenic T‐cell lymphoma is a rare entity and may often pose diagnostic problems on FNAC. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Xenopus er71 is involved in vascular development
Authors: Neuhaus Herbert , Müller Frank , Hollemann Thomas
Published: November 2010

Vasculogenesis and hematopoiesis are closely linked in developing vertebrates. Recently, the existence of a common progenitor of these two tissues, the hemangioblast, has been demonstrated in different organisms. In Xenopus early vascular and hematopoietic cells differentiate in a region called the anterior ventral blood island (aVBI). Differentiating cells from this region migrate out to form embryonic blood and part of the vascular structures of the early frog embryo. A number of members of the ETS family of transcription factors are expressed in endothelial cells and some of them play important roles at various stages of vascular development. The loss of ER71 function in mice led to a complete loss of blood and vascular structures. Similarly, knock down of the zebrafish homolog of er71, etsrp, greatly affected development of vascular structures and myeloid cells. We have identified the Xenopus ortholog of er71 and could show that er71 function in Xenopus is required for vasculogenesis, but not for the development of hematopoietic cells. Developmental Dynamics 239:3436–3445, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydrologic, abiotic and biotic interactions: plant density, windspeed, leaf size and groundwater all affect oak water use efficiency
Authors: Law Darin J. , Finch Deborah M.
Published: November 2010

Plant water use in drylands can be complex due to variation in hydrologic, abiotic and biotic factors, particularly near ephemeral or intermittent streams. Plant use of groundwater may be important but is usually uncertain. Disturbances like fire contribute to complex spatiotemporal heterogeneity. Improved understanding of how such hydrologic, abiotic, and biotic factors affect plant water use is needed not only to address management issues related to land use but also due to climate change, particularly for drylands projected to become warmer and drier such as much of the southwestern USA. Here we focus on the interactive roles of hydrologic, abiotic, and biotic factors in determining plant water use of Gambel oak in ephemeral and/or intermittent riparian areas of ponderosa pine forest in central New Mexico, USA along a fire disturbance gradient with varying oak densities. More specifically, the purpose of this research is to determine: (1) depth to and frequency of groundwater associated with intermittent and ephemeral streams, (2) isotopic indications of whether or not groundwater is used by plants, and (3) plant water use (conductance, transpiration, and water use efficiency) interactions with groundwater. Depth to groundwater, which could be as shallow as 1 m or less, increased with plant density but plant water use efficiency decreased. Photosynthesis:transpiration ratios maximizing water use efficiency for a given successional stage appeared to be also affected by windspeed and leaf size, highlighting interactive effects of hydrologic, abiotic and biotic affects—a finding that may be ecohydrologically relevant for other dryland riparian systems. Published 2010. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Shoulder function in patients undergoing selective neck dissection with or without radiation and chemotherapy
Authors: Watkins Jeremy P. , Williams Glenn B. , Mascioli Anthony A. , Wan Jim Y. , Samant Sandeep
Published: November 2010

Background.

Shoulder function can be negatively affected during treatment of upper aerodigestive tract carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of selective neck dissection alone or in combination with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy.

Methods.

We conducted an observational study in adults who underwent selective neck dissection for the treatment of upper aerodigestive tract cancer who were >6 months from completion of their therapy. Recurrent disease and use of flap reconstruction were part of the exclusion criteria. A modified Constant's score was used to evaluate shoulder function.

Results.

Thirty‐four patients (42 selective neck dissections) met the inclusion criterion. Operated shoulder function was significantly (p < .001) decreased as compared to the nonoperated shoulder. There was no statistical difference in the total Constant's score, in the subjective or objective scores among selective neck dissection only, in the selective neck dissection plus radiation therapy, or in the selective neck dissection plus chemoradiation therapy.

Conclusion.

Selective neck dissection can have a negative effect on shoulder function despite spinal accessory nerve preservation. Adjuvant therapy does not contribute additional detriment to shoulder function. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
BUBR1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its relationship to tumor stage and survival
Authors: Rizzardi Clara , Torelli Lucio , Barresi Elena , Schneider Manuela , Canzonieri Vincenzo , Biasotto Matteo , Di Lenarda Roberto , Melato Mauro
Published: November 2010

Background.

Defects in the mitotic spindle checkpoint have been proposed to contribute to the chromosomal instability observed in human cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). BUBR1 is a key component of the spindle checkpoint, whose role in oral carcinogenesis still needs to be clarified.

Methods.

We have analyzed the expression of BUBR1 in 49 cases of OSCC by immunohistochemistry and compared the findings with clinicopathologic parameters, proliferative activity, and DNA ploidy.

Results.

BUBR1 was overexpressed in 11 cases (22.4%). Tumors with overexpression of BUBR1 were associated with a less advanced pathologic stage (p = .05) and showed longer survival periods (p = .38) but shorter recurrence‐free survival periods (p = .13) than those without it.

Conclusions.

Our data imply the possibility that BUBR1 may be involved in the progression of OSCC, and suggest that BUBR1 may be a promising prognostic marker in patients with OSCC. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase extracellular signal‐related kinase in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas after irradiation as part of a rescue mechanism
Authors: Affolter Annette , Fruth Kai , Brochhausen Christoph , Schmidtmann Irene , Mann Wolf J. , Brieger Jürgen
Published: November 2010

Background.

Irradiation plays a pivotal role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treatment. However, especially recurrent tumors frequently show increased radioresistance. We analyzed irradiation‐stimulated mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways to define cellular rescue mechanisms.

Methods.

Irradiated HNSCC cells were screened for MAPK activation and results were confirmed and refined by functional analyses. Extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor U0126 application enabled us to specify postradiogenic cellular responses. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were analyzed additionally.

Results.

We observed a pronounced and time‐dependent ERK stimulation. Pathway inhibition resulted in decreased radioresistance. Likewise, we found a decrease of VEGF release after inhibitor treatment. ERK activation was confirmed in xenotransplants showing elevated postradiogenic phospho‐ERK (pERK) and VEGF levels.

Conclusions.

Our data give evidence for induction of ERK and successive VEGF release in HNSCC during radiotherapy, which might be partially explained by autoregulated cytoprotection maintained by pERK and potentially VEGF. In conclusion, targeting the ERK–VEGF axis might enhance the efficiency of radiotherapy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Salivary gland carcinomas in children and adolescents: A population‐based study, with comparison to adult cases
Authors: Sultan Iyad , Rodriguez–Galindo Carlos , Al‐Sharabati Sereen , Guzzo Marco , Casanova Michela , Ferrari Andrea
Published: November 2010

Background.

Salivary gland carcinomas are rare malignancies, particularly in young individuals in whom only scanty data are available from published studies.

Methods.

We searched the SEER database (1973–2006) for patients with a reported diagnosis of salivary gland carcinoma; children/adolescents (<20 years old) were compared with adults.

Results.

We identified 263 children/adolescents (58% girls) and 12,571 adults (43% women). The most common histology was mucoepidermoid carcinoma in both groups, but the percentages of other histologies were different. Children/adolescents had more favorable features with most tumors being localized, with no extension to adjacent tissues or lymphatic spread (76% vs 50% in adults, p < .001). Also most tumors were well differentiated or moderately differentiated (88% vs 49% in adults, p < .001). The 5‐year overall survival for children/adolescents was 95% ± 1.5%, compared with 59% ± 0.5% for adults (p < .001).

Conclusion.

When compared with adults, salivary gland carcinomas in children/adolescents are less advanced, and have more favorable features and better outcome. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
A novel non‐CB1/TRPV1 endocannabinoid‐mediated mechanism depresses excitatory synapses on hippocampal CA1 interneurons
Authors: Edwards Jeffrey G. , Gibson Helen E. , Jensen Tyron , Nugent Fereshteh , Walther Curtis , Blickenstaff Jacob , Kauer Julie A.
Published: November 2010

Endocannabinoids (eCBs) mediate various forms of synaptic plasticity at excitatory and inhibitory synapses in the brain. The eCB anandamide binds to several receptors including the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1). We recently identified that TRPV1 is required for long‐term depression at excitatory synapses on CA1 hippocampal stratum radiatum interneurons. Here we performed whole‐cell patch clamp recordings from CA1 stratum radiatum interneurons in rat brain slices to investigate the effect of the eCB anandamide on excitatory synapses as well as the involvement of Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), which have been reported to produce eCBs endogenously. Application of the nonhydrolysable anandamide analog R‐methanandamide depressed excitatory transmission to CA1 stratum radiatum interneurons by ∼50%. The Group I mGluR agonist DHPG also depressed excitatory glutamatergic transmission onto interneurons to a similar degree, and this depression was blocked by the mGluR5 antagonist MPEP (10 μM) but not by the mGluR1 antagonist CPCCOEt (50 μM). Interestingly, however, neither DHPG‐mediated nor R‐methanandamide‐mediated depression was blocked by the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine (10 μM), the CB1 antagonist AM‐251 (2 μM) or a combination of both, suggesting the presence of a novel eCB receptor or anandamide target at excitatory hippocampal synapses. DHPG also occluded R‐methanandamide depression, suggesting the possibility that the two drugs elicit synaptic depression via a shared signaling mechanism. Collectively, this study illustrates a novel CB1/TRPV1‐independent eCB pathway present in the hippocampus that mediates depression at excitatory synapses on CA1 stratum radiatum interneurons. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Right‐hemispheric dominance of spatial memory in split‐brain mice
Authors: Shinohara Yoshiaki , Hosoya Aki , Yamasaki Nobuyuki , Ahmed Hassan , Hattori Satoko , Eguchi Megumi , Yamaguchi Shun , Miyakawa Tsuyoshi , Hirase Hajime , Shigemoto Ryuichi
Published: November 2010

Left‐right asymmetry of human brain function has been known for a century, although much of molecular and cellular basis of brain laterality remains to be elusive. Recent studies suggest that hippocampal CA3‐CA1 excitatory synapses are asymmetrically arranged, however, the functional implication of the asymmetrical circuitry has not been studied at the behavioral level. In order to address the left‐right asymmetry of hippocampal function in behaving mice, we analyzed the performance of “split‐brain” mice in the Barnes maze. The “split‐brain” mice received ventral hippocampal commissure and corpus callosum transection in addition to deprivation of visual input from one eye. In such mice, the hippocampus in the side of visual deprivation receives sensory‐driven input. Better spatial task performance was achieved by the mice which were forced to use the right hippocampus than those which were forced to use the left hippocampus. In two‐choice spatial maze, forced usage of left hippocampus resulted in a comparable performance to the right counterpart, suggesting that both hippocampal hemispheres are capable of conducting spatial learning. Therefore, the results obtained from the Barnes maze suggest that the usage of the right hippocampus improves the accuracy of spatial memory. Performance of non‐spatial yet hippocampus‐dependent tasks (e.g. fear conditioning) was not influenced by the laterality of the hippocampus. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Magnitude and processes of bank erosion at a small stream in Denmark
Authors: Veihe A. , Jensen N. H. , Schiøtz I. G. , Nielsen S. L.
Published: November 2010

River banks are important sources of sediment and phosphorus to fluvial systems, and the erosion processes operating on the banks are complex and change over time. This study explores the magnitude of bank erosion on a cohesive streambank within a small channelized stream and studies the various types of erosion processes taking place. Repeat field surveys of erosion pin plots were carried out during a 4‐year period and observations were supplemented by continuous monitoring of volumetric soil water content, soil temperature, ground water level and exposure of a PEEP sensor. Bank erosion rates (17·6–30·1 mm year−1) and total P content on the banks were relatively high, which makes the bank an important source of sediment and phosphorus to the stream, and it was estimated that 0·27 kg Ptot year−1 ha−1 may potentially be supplied to the stream from the banks. Yearly pin erosion rates exceeding 5 cm year−1 were mainly found at the lower parts of the bank and were associated with fluvial erosion. Negative erosion pin readings were widespread with a net advance of the bank during the monitoring period mainly attributed to subaerial processes and bank failure. It was found that dry periods characterized by low soil water content and freeze–thaw cycles during winter triggered bank failures. The great spatial variability, in combination with the temporal interaction of processes operating at different scales, requires new tools such as 3‐D topographical surveying to better capture bank erosion rates. An understanding of the processes governing bank erosion is required for riparian management using vegetational measures as root size and structure play different roles when it comes to controlling bank erosion processes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐living nanobubbles of dissolved gas in aqueous solutions of salts and erythrocyte suspensions
Authors: Bunkin Nikolai F. , Ninham Barry W. , Ignatiev Pavel S. , Kozlov Valery A. , Shkirin Alexey V. , Starosvetskij Artem V.
Published: November 2010

Results of experiments combining laser modulation interference microscopy and Mueller matrix scatterometry show that macroscopic scatterers of light are present in liquids free of external solid impurities. Experimental data on distilled water and aqueous NaCl solutions of various concentrations as well as physiological saline solution are reported. The experimental data can be interpreted by using a model of micron‐scale clusters composed of polydisperse air nanobubbles having effective radii of 70–100 nm. Their concentration increases with the growth of ionic content. We hypothesize that under certain conditions those clusters of nanobubbles can affect the erythrocyte structure. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)