bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengendalian Hipertensi dengan Menerapkan Perilaku “PATUH”
Authors: Siti adawiah Shofia , Hoerunisa Rosmalina , Amalia Salwa , Puspayanti Sari , Siti Rahmah Sinta
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Hypertension is a major problem in Indonesia, with a prevalence of 25.8%. Cases are increasing due to several reasons including lack of knowledge, people's behavior shows bad behavior to prevent high blood pressure. One of the factors that cause hypertension is due to genetics, lifestyle and behavior. Low awareness of high blood pressure treatment is a major cause of complications.

Objective: This counseling aims to increase general knowledge about preventing complications of hypertension. This is done through visits and training with community discussions and blood pressure checks.

Method: The method carried out is in the form of visits and providing counseling accompanied by observations of the community, then blood pressure checks are carried out. The counseling will be held on November 7, 2021 in Wanareja District. Plus providing education about hypertension, then leaflets to provide insight to the public equipped with free blood pressure activities.

Result: The evaluation results show that it has been carried out well in accordance with the indicators results and criteria on the Evaluation Sheet instrument. The Evaluation Sheet is based on five dimensions,namely Punctuality and Duration, Participation, Knowledge, Job Description and Solving The evaluation sheet is filled out by two independent observers

Conclustion: In accordance with the results of the evaluation, outreach activities for controlling hypertension by implement PATUH behavior (regular health checks and must follow the recommendations)from the doctor, Overcome the disease with good, correct and regular treatment, but diet together good nutrition, Strive for safe physical activity, Avoid people who like smoking, substancescarcinogenic and alcohol). has been accompanied by a fairly precise time indicator as well as Duration, Participation, Knowledge, Job Description and Problem Solving.
Efektivitas Media Ular Tangga Dalam Pendidikan Kesehatan Gigi Dan Mulut Siswa SDN 1 Gereba Kabupaten Ciamis
Authors: Ismayanti Iis , Siti Nurkholipah Winda , Rahmasuli Resa , Sulistiani Deana , Dwisuhardjono Wahyu `` , Nurfalah Zeni
Published: June 2022

Introduction : Dental and oral health education is an effort to influence someone to behave well and motivate them to maintain dental and oral health, as well as increase public awareness of the importance of dental and oral health and provide an understanding of ways to maintain dental and oral health. Objective : The purpose of this community service is to increase children's knowledge and understanding of dental and oral health, and to improve good and correct brushing habits for elementary school students. Method : the method used is the lecture and demonstration method, namely by playing while learning to use the help of the snake ladder educational game banner. Then take respondents from class 4 SDN 1 Gereba as many as 20 people and samples taken only 3 people, 30 minutes of playing time interspersed with questions and answers according to the questions already available in each column of snakes and ladders. The activities included the introduction of basic material on dental and oral health, then Health Education was carried out by 6 extension workers by playing and learning with the help of snakes and ladders educational media as well as material presentation which then did a role play on how to brush teeth properly and correctly. Result : Health education about teeth and mouth using lecture and demonstration methods with the help of the snake and ladder educational game banner media which was carried out on school-age children with 20 respondents and a sample of 3 people, the use of this media was effective in increasing children's dental and oral health knowledge.
Edukasi Kebiasaan Cuci Tangan 6 Langkah dengan Media Edukatif Permainan Ular Tangga
Authors: Widianti Wina , Intansari Nurshofi , Yuliawati Desty , Haryani  , Andira Rita Ayu , Putra Andre Maulana , Fauzan Ade Aji
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Hands are one of the most common parts of the body where germs and bacteria are transmitted into the body, not maintaining hand hygiene can cause health problems such as diarrhea, especially in school-age children. Hand washing 6 steps is one of the efforts to prevent contracting a disease. Objective: The purpose of this health education is as an effort to increase knowledge and familiarize PHBS in washing hands from an early age in school-age children. Method: The research method uses observational methods, questions and answers and educational games.  Result: The implementation of 6-step handwashing health education for 30 grade 4 students of SDN 1 Linggasari to prevent the spread of disease and create healthy living habits from an early age became the result of this outreach activity. Conclussion: This 6-step handwashing health education was attended by 30 4th grade students at SDN 1 Linggasari and was running optimally.
Edukasi Vaksinasi Covid-19 bagi Ibu Hamil dan Menyusui di Desa Percut SeiTuan Deli Serdang
Authors: Octavia Yunida Turisna , Siahaan Julia Mahdalena , Saragih Frida Liharris
Published: June 2022

Background: Acceptance of the Covid-19 vaccine for pregnant and lactating women is still very low, one of the things that causes it is the lack of education regarding the benefits of the Covid-19 vaccine itself, this causes the reluctance of pregnant and lactating women to vaccinate against Covid-19. Pregnant women infected with Covid-19 are at risk for abortion and premature birth and breastfeeding mothers are also one of the vulnerable groups exposed to Covid-19. Meanwhile, pregnant women have a very vulnerable immune system so special attention is needed to avoid being exposed to Covid-19, so also with mothers who are breastfeeding if they do not get the Covid-19 vaccination, it is feared that they will be exposed to Covid-19 and transmit it to their babies.
Objective: The purpose of this activity is to provide counseling related to Covid-19 vaccination education for pregnant and lactating mothers.
Method: The method of implementing this activity is counseling related to Covid-19 vaccine education for pregnant and lactating women, the partner in this service activity is Percut Sei Tuan Village.
Result: After delivering counseling to 31 pregnant and breastfeed mothers who gave positive and useful effect, pregnant and breastfeed mothers in Percut Sei Tuan village understood the importance of the Covid-19 vaccination and the risk if mothers were exhibited to this virus.
Conclusion: The conclusion from the service activities was that the knowledge of pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers was getting better regarding the Covid-19 vaccination so that pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers wanted to participate in the Covid-19 vaccination. Suggestions for health workers to further increase Covid-19 vaccine education activities so that mothers' interest in getting vaccines increases.
Pendampingan Asuhan Keperawatan Medikal Bedah pada Pasien dengan Gangguan Sistem Saraf (Vertigo) di Ruang Flamboyan RSU Banjar
Authors: Kurniawan Ikna
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Vertigo merupakan satu bentuk  gangguan keseimbangan atau gangguan orientasi di ruangan atau lingkungan sekitar, seringkali dipicu karena menggerakkan kepala terlalu cepat, vertigo muncul karena adanya gangguan di indera pendengaran bagian dalam. Hal ini kemudian memicu masalah mekanisme keseimbangan tubuh
Objective: Asistensi ini bertujuan untuk memberikan asuhan keperawatan kepada pasien Ny. S Dengan diagnosa medis vertigo di ruang flamboyan RSU kota banjar pada tahun 2022
Method: Kegiatan asistensi dilakukan dengan memberikan asuhan keperawatan melalui 5 proses antara lain asesmen, diagnosis, intervensi keperawatan, dan evaluasi
Result: hasil yang diperoleh masalah utama yang muncul dengan diagnosa nyeri akut dan intoleransi aktifitas lalu di berikan intervensi selama 1 hari dengan hasil nyeri berkurang dan pasien mulai bisa melakukan aktifitas seperti makan, pergi ketoilet meskipun dengan bantuan keluarga.
Conclusion: pemberian asuhan keperawatan dengan diagnosa medis vertigo dapat teratasi
Pendampingan Asuhan Keperawatan Medikal Bedah pada Pasien dengan Gangguan Sistem Muskuloskeletal (Fraktur Femur) di Ruang Anggrek RSUD Kota Banjar
Authors: Nur Hidayat  , Abdul Malik Andika , Nugraha Yuda
Published: June 2022

Introduction: fraktur femur ialah hilangnya kontinuitas pada tulang paha, dengan kondisi klinis berupa fraktur terbuka serta tertutup. Fraktur ini disebebkan oleh syok kecepatan tinggi, kecelakaan kendaraan, jatuh dari ketinggian, atau cedera selama olahraga ekstrim.

Objective: asistensi ini bertujuan untuk memberikan asuhan keperawatan pada Tn. A dengan diagnosa medis fraktur femur di ruang Anggrek RSU Kota Banjar.

Method: Kegiatan asistensi dilakukan dengan memberikan asuhan keperawatan melalui 5 proses antara lain pengkajian, diagnosa keperawatan, intervensi keperawatan, implementasi keperawatan, dan evaluasi keperawatan.

Result: Hasil menjelaskan masalah utama yang muncul dengan diagnosa nyeri akut dan gangguan mobilitas fisik, yang diberikan intervensi selama 2 hari. Hasil yang didapat nyeri pada klien berkurang dan mulai bisa mobilisasi.

Conclusion: pemberian asuhan keperawatan dengan diagnosa medis fraktur femur dapat teratasi.
Upaya Peningkatan Pengetahuan Tentang Menstruasi di SMP Negeri 1 Sadananya
Authors: Nurwahyuni Aditya , Oktriani Herni , Monika Hani , Maulidiyah Hera
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Menstruation is a physiological event for young women, in this case the reproductive hormones have started to work. This phase is one of the indicators of sexual maturity in adolescent girls. in which the discharge of blood, mucus, and cellular debris from the uterine lining is accompanied by periodic and cyclical shedding of the endometrium, beginning about 14 days after ovulation

Objective: The goal of this Health Counseling is to add/increase participant's insight regarding the definition, hygiene, disorders during menstruation.

Method: The method used is direct question and answer with random participants and fill out the pre-test and post-test sheets.

Result: The results of the evaluation showed that the health education had been carried out properly in accordance with the results indicators and criteria on the observation sheet instrument. The observation sheet is based on five dimensions, namely timeliness and duration, participation, knowledge, job description and problem solving. The evaluation sheet is filled out by independent observers.

Conclusion: Based on the evaluation results, health education activities to increase knowledge have been successful with individuals with indicators of timeliness and duration, participation, knowledge, job descriptions, and problem solving. In the discussion session, all participants were enthusiastic to ask questions and listen and understand what the speakers answered from what they asked. In the post-implementation evaluation session, participants answered what was asked without hesitation and answered the post-test sheet correctly. The results of the observations showed an increase in participants' knowledge. The pre-implementation evaluation showed that 3 out of 28 people gave responses to the questions given, could answer the questions correctly, but after health education, 11 out of 28 participants gave correct feedback. This shows a change in the status of knowledge before and before health education is carried out. suggestions for this activity need time management so that the counseling can be carried out according to the time specified in the SAP
Implementasi Teori Aksi dalam Pemberdayaan Masyarakat melalui KUBE (Kelompok Usaha Bersama) sebagai Salah Satu Upaya Peningkatan Konsep Diri Disabilitas
Authors: Lystiarini Kurnia , Mardiati Agustin Ike , Riani Asri Laksmi
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Empowerment can be seen as a process and interrelated goals among various elements of society, one of which is a group of people with disabilities, a phenomenon that exists in today's society they tend to pity rather than provide opportunities for people with disabilities to be independent, this causes self-concept problems such as lack of self-confidence, isolated and inferior from society.
Objectives: Efforts to improve social welfare for people with disabilities can be done by providing opportunities for disabled groups to play an active role in people's lives through the Joint Business Group (KUBE) through the Diffable Action Theory approach as actors pursuing goals in situations where norms direct in choosing alternative ways and tools to achieve the goal of empowering people with disabilities.
Method: This community service was prepared using a descriptive analytical method with survey method, the sample was taken by purposive sampling on 11,006 people with disabilities in Wonogiri Regency, from a total population of 1,033,857 or 1%.
Result: There has been an increase in the self-concept of people with disabilities before and has been given reinforcement about KUBE in increasing independence.
Conclusion: The results of the survey in this work found that 8 Joint Business Groups (KUBE) in Wonogiri Regency were able to increase the independence and self-concept of disabled groups. The recommendations from this study can be used as a baseline for further research.
Spiritual Care pada Orang Dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) untuk Mencegah Persepsi Citra Diri Negatif
Authors: Setiani Tia , Linda Andriyan Eneng , Fitriani Dewi , Abdan Rahmania , Syarifah Mudaim Fany , Niki Widyanisya Intan , Noor Alwadhy Iqmal
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Prevent the perception of negative self-image in people lived with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and increase positive self-image. The method used is by providing education through the Telenursing method. The final result achieved in this community service is to prevent the perception of negative self-image in PLWHA.
Objective: Implementation of spiritual care for PLWHA to prevent the perception of negative self-image.
Method: This community service uses an educational method that is carried out by telenursing. Researchers used observation sheets as a pre-implementation evaluation in the form of a scale of knowledge, perceptions, beliefs, moral views, beliefs, and attitudes. Telenursing is the use of technology as a method of providing long-distance health services so that patients and nurses do not need to meet face-to-face. This community service research is divided into 4 stages. Namely Environmental surveys and targets, Preparation of facilities and infrastructure, Implementation of community service education, and Evaluation. This activity was attended by 10 respondents under the auspices of the association of HIV/AIDS prevention activities in Ciamis Regency.
Result: The results of spiritual care for PLWHA to prevent the perception of negative self-image as a form of implementing community service for 10 PLHAs in the Ciamis district show that it does not provide significant results because there are other inhibiting factors such as support and negative community stigma in the community. people living with HIV.
Conclussion: Spiritual care has a positive impact on various parties, especially people with HIV/AIDS. Improved self-image is not only created from internal factors but must also be supported by various parties. Community service activities held regarding spiritual care for people with HIV/AIDS to prevent the perception of a negative self-image received a good response from PLWHA.
Pendampingan Asuhan Keperawatan Medikal Bedah pada Klien dengan Gangguan Sistem Pencernaan: Gastroenteritis Akut
Authors: Suhanda  , Ahmad Nizar
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Acute gastroenteritis is a disease that occurs when there is a change in the consistency of the stool apart from the frequency of bowel movements. Gastroenteritis is caused by a viral infection. There are two types of viruses that are the main causes of gastroenteritis, namely Norovirus and Rotavirus. In addition to these two types of viruses, gastroenteritis can also be caused by Adenovirus and Astrovirus.
Objective: The purpose of this case study is to identify and implement nursing care for patients with acute gastroenteritis in the Melati Room, 3rd floor of RSUD dr. Soekarjo, City of Tasikmalaya.
Method: Nursing assessment is a process carried out by nursing staff to patients continuously to collect information or data in determining nursing problems experienced by patients. Nursing diagnoses are clinical assessments of individual, family, or community responses to actual or potential health problems/life processes. Nursing intervention is a guide for the specific behavior expected of the client, and/or actions that must be taken by the nurse. Nursing implementation is a category of a series of nurse behaviors that coordinate with patients, families, and other members of the health team to assist patients' health problems in accordance with predetermined planning and outcome criteria. Evaluation is an attempt to measure and evaluate objectively the achievement of the results that have been previously planned.
Result: The results of the case study on the patient Mr. H with acute gastroenteritis found one nursing problem, namely fluid volume deficit related to active fluid loss. The interventions specified are monitoring hydration status, mucosal moisture, adequate pulse, orthostatic blood pressure, monitoring vital signs, recording accurate intake and output and collaborative intravenous fluid administration.
Conclusion: This nursing care assistance has obtained the necessary data for nursing intervention plans. After nursing diagnoses are established, nursing interventions are implemented and evaluated.
Penyuluhan Kesehatan untuk Meningkatkan Pengetahuan tentang Anemia pada Remaja
Authors: Nurani Asmara Alda , Zharfa Asmarani Andini , Desry  , Mega Tresna Pamungkas Dina
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Anemia is a condition with hemoglobin, hematocrit and red blood cell levels that are lower than normal values. Iron deficiency anemia can cause various impacts on adolescent girls, including lowering the body's resistance so that it is susceptible to disease, decreased activity and learning achievement. Anemia occurs due to lack of iron so that the formation of red blood cells and other functions in the body is disrupted. Adolescent girls are more prone to anemia risk than boys, because young girls have the possibility of losing more iron (Fe) during menstruation. The content of Fe tablets is an important element in the formation of red blood cells.
Objective: The purpose of this health education is to increase knowledge about anemia and assist in early prevention of anemia cases among adolescents.
Method: The method used in this activity is the question and answer method where this activity begins with finding the target or subject of counseling.
Result: Based on the results of research conducted on 25 respondents on January 20, 2022 at SMP Negeri 1 Sadananya, it was found that the subjects did not know about anemia. but the subjects had normal menstrual patterns, never had a history of disease, but the consumption pattern of Fe tablets in all respondents (100%) was irregular.
Conclusion: In accordance with the results of the evaluation of the counseling activity on anemia among adolescents, it has been successful with indicators of Knowledge, Problem Solving, participation, duration, and Punctuality.
Quo Vadis Esensi Lembaga PKPU Pasca-Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 23/PUU-XIX/2021
Authors: Maryono Antonius Sidik , Afwa Ulil , Nurhasanah Sindy Riani Putri
Published: June 2022

Rekognisi kewenangan kreditor dalam pengajuan permohonan penundaan kewajiban pembayaran utang (PKPU) pada tataran implementasi ditengarai sering disalahgunakan oleh kreditor yang beriktikad buruk sebagai jalan pintas untuk mempailitkan debitor. Oleh karenanya, Mahkamah Konstitusi melalui Putusan Nomor 23/PUU-XIX/2021 memutuskan untuk membuka ruang adanya upaya hukum kasasi terhadap PKPU yang proposal perdamaiannya ditolak oleh kreditor. Namun di sisi lain, eksistensi putusan yang bersifat final, binding, dan erga omnes a quo menimbulkan skeptisisme terhadap esensi dan asas-asas yang terkandung pada lembaga PKPU itu sendiri. Beranjak dari problematika tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implikasi yuridis Putusan Nomor 23/PUU-XIX/2021 terhadap eksistensi dan esensi lembaga PKPU di Indonesia. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian doktrinal yang bertumpu pada data sekunder. Temuan dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dibukanya upaya hukum kasasi dalam PKPU akibat ditolaknya proposal perdamaian oleh kreditor berpotensi menimbulkan ketidakpastian, ketidakadilan bagi pihak yang beriktikad baik, serta mendistorsi esensi lembaga PKPU itu sendiri. Adapun permasalahan mendasar yang memungkinkan terjadinya distorsi terhadap lembaga PKPU selama ini adalah karena syarat pengajuannya yang terlalu simplikatif, sehingga menciptakan posibilitas yang tinggi untuk dipailitkannya debitor yang solven.
Respiratory Allergy to Conifers
Authors: Charpin Denis , Sénéchal Hélène , Poncet Pascal
Published: June 2022

The conifers, from the latin meaning “cone carrier,” include about 650 species distributed in seven families. They are found all over the world, and the most known conifers are the cypresses, the junipers, the yews, the larches, the firs, or the pines. The most allergenic pollen is emitted by the Cupressaceae/Taxaceae family with mainly five different genera: Cupressus, Hesperocyparis, Juniperus, Cryptomeria, and Chamaecyparis. The symptomatic period starts in November and ends in April. In Mediterranean areas, Cupressus sempervirens is the most common pollinating species. Five main cypress allergens have been thoroughly described. Depending on the geographic area and the studied population, the prevalence of cypress allergy in the general population ranges from 0.6% to 3%, and 9–65% of outpatients consulting an allergist are sensitized to cypress pollen. This prevalence is increasing likely to be due to the modifications of the environment. Rhinitis is the most prevalent clinical symptom, while conjunctivitis is the most disabling. Clear-cut improvements of the quality of life are observed upon an effective and safe specific immunotherapy. Associations with food allergy based on molecular allergen cross-reactivities were described resulting in sometimes severe symptoms. Pollens from Pinaceae family, especially pines or firs, although abundant, do not demonstrate a significant clinical impact.
Soil Solution Chemistry in Different Land-Use Systems in the Northeast Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Feitosa Felizzola Juliana , de Oliveira Figueiredo Ricardo , Geraldes Teixeira Wenceslau , Carneiro Bruno
Published: June 2022

For sustainable production systems, the nonuse of fire (where there is a greater loss of soil nutrients), would be a solution for the conservation of nutrients in the soil, with the use of management by cutting and grinding, introduction of AFSs (agroforestry systems), and maintenance of riparian vegetation. The concentrations of carbon and nutrients were evaluated in the soil solution in two small hydrographic basins in the municipality of Igarapé-Açu (Pará state) in the eastern Amazon region, Brazil. The evaluations were performed considering the biogeochemical cycling in six land-use classes—riparian forest, secondary forest (capoeira), pasture, slash-and-burn agriculture, chop-and-mulch agriculture, and an agroforestry system (AFS). The objective was to determine the effects of different land-use systems on the composition of the soil solution, aiming to recommend sustainable practices. The concentrations of nutrients were greater in the areas of slash-and-burn agriculture and pasture, indicating greater losses of these nutrients due to runoff and leaching. The loss of nitrate was highest in the slash-and-burn area, while the organic carbon and organic nitrogen losses were greatest in the riparian forest, then in the secondary forest and agroforestry areas.
Fluoride and Other Trace Elements in Dental Hard Tissue
Authors: Aswini Y.B. , Mohanty Vikrant , Rijhwani Kavita
Published: June 2022

Fluorides and other trace elements are a part of various biological and chemical responses in the human body. They collaboratively work with all proteins, enzymes, and co-enzymes to carry out the different functions and in redox reactions. The dietary substances may not have an adequate amount of these essential trace elements, resulting in the development of dental soft and hard tissue disorders associated with their deficiencies. To tackle this, dietary supplements will be needed. So, the current chapter has thoroughly addressed the importance of trace elements in dental hard tissues. This has also discussed the effect of fluoride and other trace elements on dental hard tissues, as there is limited literature available in this area. This will provide an overall understanding of how trace elements are an essential part and their importance in oral diseases control and prevention.
Perspective Chapter: Nutraceutical Diversity of Eco-Friendly Jute and Allied Fibre (JAF) Crops in Bangladesh
Authors: Mia Mukul Mohammad
Published: June 2022

The animal meats contain harmful fat and cholesterol contents but plants are the important sources of secondary metabolites that play important role against diseases, and showed less side effects. Jute, Kenaf and Mesta are self-pollinated annual herbaceous plants used to produce fibre contents. These plants are also used for nutritional purposes. Jute leaves contain vitamins, minerals, energies, macromolecules, phytochemicals, micronutrients, amino acids, anti-oxidants essential to promote human health. Only two species of jute (C. capsularis and C. olitorius) are commercially cultivated for fibre content. Olitorius leaves are sweet but capsularis leaves are bitter in taste. The young twigs and leaves of olitroius jute are used as delicious vegetable, and some capsularis cultivars released in Bangladesh can be used as leafy vegetables at young stage. C. olitorius is known as Molokhia and used as green leafy vegetable (GLV) in African and Eastern countries as a viscous soup. Hibiscus (Kenaf and Mesta) plants have antioxidants, anticancer, antibacterial and anti-cholesterol qualities. These plants produce multi-coloured lovely flowers used to grace our environment. Kenaf (H. Cannabinus) seeds contain essential amino acids and used as feed meals for the birds in different countries. Mesta or Roselle (H. sabdariffa) leaves and calyces have both vegetable and medicinal values.
Diverse Bioactive Molecules from the Genus Lactobacillus
Authors: H. Perez Rodney , E. Ancuelo Amily
Published: June 2022

Lactobacilli are widespread microorganisms and are broadly employed in a variety of applications. It is one of the LAB genera that has been designated as Generally Regarded as Safe (GRAS) and many of its member species are included in the Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) list. Lactobacillus is commonly utilized as a starter culture in many fermented food products, probiotics, and has long been used as natural bio-preservatives to increase shelf life and improve food quality and safety. Aside from the many benefits, it delivers in the food sector, the use of lactobacillus strains in the clinical setting as a prophylactic and/or treatment for a variety of diseases has gained increasing attention. These uses of lactobacillus are all made possible through the diverse bioactive molecules it generates. Lactobacillus exerts its positive health and nutritional effects through a variety of mechanisms, including inhibition of pathogen adhesion or colonization, metabolic activity through the synthesis of metabolites and enzymes, and immune system modulation among others. The ability of many lactobacillus strains to mediate the bio-conversion of certain metabolites has also been shown in numerous studies. This chapter describes the recent findings on the impact of the diverse bioactive molecules produced by different lactobacillus strains, their mode of action, and their application in different industries.
Selection and Fabrication of HMMC (AL6063-SIC-B4C-MG)
Authors: Singh Matharou Gurpreet , Kaur Simran
Published: June 2022

This unit deals with the selection and fabrication of HMMC (Al6063-10SiC-5B4C-Mg) constituents by extensive biography review and satisfactory fabrication design. Researchers have promoted an extensive collection of Al6063 composites employing organic and inorganic reinforcements. The fundamental purpose of the broken-up stages is to constrain the metal matrix in a relevant capacity to strengthen the properties of the base materials. In the case of Al6063, the reinforcement weighty subject matter in the composite varies from 5 wt.% to 30 wt.%. Diverse classes of reinforcements had sought to integrate and operate in the composite formulation as hybrid reinforcements. This chapter further discusses the comprehensive development stages of 84% wt of Al 6063, 10% wt of SiC, 5% wt of B4C with 1% wt of Mg hybrid metal matrix composite (HMMC) through the stir casting approach. During the stir casting process, the melting action of the material emanates numerous gases and residuals apart from the expected composite. The residuals have numerous environmental concerns, which require discussion since some of the vapors and substantial waste can lead to detrimental effects on the environment in terms of air and soil pollution.
The Novelty of miRNAs as a Clinical Biomarker for the Management of PCOS
Authors: Alhamdan Rana , Hernandez-Medrano Juan
Published: June 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that affects around 5–10% of women of reproductive age. The aetiology of PCOS is not fully understood with various genetics, iatrogenic (e.g. chemotherapy) and environmental factors have been proposed. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding single-stranded RNAs which are known to act as a regulator to gene expression at the post-transcriptional levels. Altered expression of miRNAs has been linked to several disorders including infertility. Recent reports demonstrated the expression of differential levels of miRNAs in the serum, ovarian follicular cells and follicular fluid of PCOS patients when compared with healthy women. Therefore, miRNAs may play important role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. The aim of this chapter is to summarise the current understanding pertaining to miRNAs and PCOS and to expedite its possible role in the diagnosis and management of this disorder.
Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Pathogenesis and Treatment
Authors: Mukai Shin
Published: June 2022

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a disabling complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and negatively impacts patients’ quality of life. GVHD is classified into 2 forms according to clinical manifestations. Acute GVHD (aGVHD) typically affects the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and liver, whereas chronic GVHD occurs systemically and shows diverse manifestations similar to autoimmune diseases such as eosinophilic fasciitis, scleroderma-like skin disease. GVHD is induced by complicated pathological crosstalk between immune cells of the host and donor and involves various signaling pathways such as purinergic signaling. Although the past several decades have seen significant progress in the understanding of mechanisms of GVHD and several drugs have been approved by FDA for the prevention and treatment of GVHD, there is still vast scope for improvement in the therapy for GVHD. Thus, new drugs for GVHD will need to be developed. Towards this goal, this chapter succinctly summarises the pathogenic process of GVHD and emerging GVHD treatments in order to provide some insights into the mechanisms of GVHD and facilitate the development of novel drugs.
Lipid Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery Systems: Approaches toward Improvement in Therapeutic Efficacy of Bioactive Molecules
Authors: Singh Sudarshan , R. Dodiya Tanvi , Dodiya Rajesh , V. Ushir Yogesh , Widodo Slamet
Published: June 2022

Hybrid lipid polymers significantly changed the postulation of low or less bioavailability of conventional drug delivery systems. Several drug delivery systems already exist for the encapsulation and subsequent release of lipophilic drugs with enhanced therapeutic efficacy and are well described in the scientific literature. Among these, lipid polymer-based nanoparticles have specifically come up for dermal, transdermal, mucosal, intramuscular, and ocular drug administration routes in the last 20 years. Moreover, lipid nanoparticles showed potential for active targeting of anticancer therapy, delivery of DNA or RNA materials, and use as a diagnostic imaging agent. Therefore, the multifarious nanostructured lipid carriers can reduce the undesired effects with maximum utilization of active moiety. In this, chapter a brief discussion is presented on the source of synthetic and natural lipid polymers with the use of surfactants. Moreover, a summary on formulation and pharmaceutical characterization of nanostructured lipid carriers considering solid lipid nanoparticles and vesicular drug delivery systems has been taken into consideration. In addition, a light on bioactive fortified with lipid nanoparticles was reviewed for maximizing its therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, this chapter’s focus to bring out the latest applications via recent scientific publications from the Scopus database on nanostructure carriers that showed promising application for the treatments of potentially life-threatening diseases has been summarized.
Biological Sensing Using Infrared SPR Devices Based on ZnO
Authors: Matsui Hiroaki
Published: June 2022

Biological detection based on surface plasmon resonances (SPRs) on metallic Ga-doped zinc oxide (ZnO: Ga) film surfaces is introduced as one of the interesting functionalities of ZnO. SPRs on ZnO: Ga films (ZnO-SPRs) have attracted much attention as alternative plasmonic materials in the infrared (IR) range. This chapter focuses on the structure and optical properties of ZnO-SPR with different layer structure from experimental and theoretical approaches. First, the plasmonic properties of single ZnO: Ga films excited by Kretschmann-type SPRs were investigated. Second, an insulator–metal–insulator structure with a ZnO: Ga film applied as a metal layer is introduced. Finally, hybrid layer structures with the capping of thin dielectric layers to ZnO-SPR (dielectric-assisted ZnO-SPR) were fabricated to enhance SPR properties in the IR range. The biological sensing on ZnO-SPR is experimentally demonstrated by measuring biological interactions. This work provides new insights for fabricating biological sensing platforms on ZnO materials.
Hydrological Drought Index Based on Discharge
Authors: Rintis Hadiani R. , Suharto Bambang , Suharyanto Agus , Suhardjono
Published: June 2022

Drought is a natural phenomenon causing disasters and its period of occurrence can be predicted in recent times based on several methods using the same or different variables. The prediction is usually associated with the climate interactions in the form of rainfall or discharge patterns which can be analyzed using the return period. Therefore, this research was conducted in four different stages of data acquisition and validation, drought analysis method based on the data, drought prediction method based on hydrology, and sample applications to determine the debit availability in other watersheds. Historical rainfall data converted to dependable rainfall at 80% probability were used as input for the rainfall-discharge analysis while the hydrological drought analysis was conducted using the drought threshold value. Moreover, the drought was predicted using an artificial neural network model while historical data were used to verify the hydrological character of the prediction model. The results of the analysis conducted were further used to predict the water balance in different river areas due to the fact that each area has a different hydrological character. Meanwhile, the watersheds used as case research showed that the model has reliability of up to 80%.
Perspective Chapter: Cervical Cancer Elimination by 2030—The W.H.O Goal: Neo Challenges and Next Gen Solutions “TIT for TAT”—The Community Competency Model of Raj ©
Authors: Rajkumar Rajamanickam
Published: June 2022

Cervical Cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women, worldwide. It accounts for 600,000 new cases per year, and 340,000 deaths globally (WHO 2020 data). It causes a lot of maladies and suffering for women, in the age group of 30–60 years, especially in the poor community of developing countries. Cervical cancer is a great public health problem and is a cause of grave concern for the health system in Low-Middle-Income Countries—LMIC. But cervical cancer is amenable for early detection and successful treatment of precancer stages. Human Papilloma Virus—HPV vaccines offer a high level of primordial prevention, against cervical cancer. Therefore, the World Health Organization, in 2018, has called for “Elimination of Cervical Cancer by 2030.” The objective is to reduce the incidence rate of cervical cancer to below 4/100,000, by the year 2030. This leads to many “Neo Challenges” and also opens the door for “Next Gen Solutions”. The author, with vast experiences in his Cervical Cancer Screening Projects of IARC/ WHO, at Tamil Nadu, India, during 2000–2007, advocates a strategy called “TIT for TAT—The Community Competency model of Raj©.”
Potassium Persulfate as an Eco-Friendly Oxidant for Oxidative Transformations
Authors: Ahmad Mir Bilal , Rajamanickam Suresh
Published: June 2022

The formation of carbon-carbon/carbon-heteroatom bonds by oxidative transformations is a hotly debated topic in chemistry. K2S2O8 has emerged as a cost-effective inorganic oxidant for a wide range of oxidative reactions in this setting. This book chapter covers oxidative reactions facilitated by K2S2O8 in the absence of a metal catalyst in detail. Organic chemists may find this book chapter valuable in formulating the mechanistic pathways involving the sulphate radical anion, as well as in the quick and environmentally friendly synthesis of novel chemical species.
Fluidics for Reconfigurable Microwave Components
Authors: Bahloul Dorra , Amor Ines , Kouki Ammar
Published: June 2022

Dielectric and conducting liquids with varying electromagnetic properties can offer novel alternatives for building tunable microwave passive components as well as antennas. Injecting these fluidics in or around microwave substrates alters their overall electrical characteristics, enabling circuit reconfigurability. Alternatively, changing the shapes and dimensions of conductors by using liquid metals can achieve similar reconfigurability. An overview of different liquids and their electromagnetic properties is first given. The principles behind the reconfigurability of the electrical characteristics of typical guiding structures based on mode shape variation in the presence of fluids are discussed. The realization of an N-bit programmable impedance tuner in 3D LTCC technology based on these principles is presented.
Smoking and Its Consequences on Male and Female Reproductive Health
Authors: Houda Amor , Peter Michael Jankowski , Romeo Micu , Mohamad Eid Hammadeh
Published: June 2022

Smoking contributes to the death of around one in 10 adults worldwide. Specifically, cigarettes are known to contain around 4000 toxins and chemicals that are hazardous in nature. The negative effects of smoking on human health and interest in smoking-related diseases have a long history. Among these concerns are the harmful effects of smoking on reproductive health. Thirteen percent of female infertility is due to smoking. Female smoking can lead to gamete mutagenesis, early loss of reproductive function, and thus advance the time to menopause. It has been also associated with ectopic pregnancy and spontaneous abortion. Even when it comes to assisted reproductive technologies cycles, smokers require more cycles, almost double the number of cycles needed to conceive as non-smokers. Male smoking is shown to be correlated with poorer semen parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation. Not only active smokers but also passive smokers, when excessively exposed to smoking, can have reproductive problems comparable to those seen in smokers. In this book chapter, we will approach the effect of tobacco, especially tobacco smoking, on male and female reproductive health. This aims to take a preventive approach to infertility by discouraging smoking and helping to eliminate exposure to tobacco smoke in both women and men.
Toxic Stress Affecting Families and Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Mental Health Crisis and an Emerging International Health Security Threat
Authors: Czulada Laura , M. Kover Kevin , Gracias Gabrielle , Kumar Kushee-Nidhi , Desai Shanaya , P. Stawicki Stanislaw , Costello Kimberly , Erickson-Parsons Laurel
Published: June 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created numerous risk factors for families and children to experience toxic stress (TS). The widespread implementation of lockdowns and quarantines contributed to the increased incidence of domestic abuse and mental health issues while reducing opportunities for effective action, including social and educational interventions. Exposure to TS negatively affects a child’s development which may result in a lasting impact on the child’s life, as measured by tools, such as Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) score. When TS becomes highly prevalent within a society, it may develop into a health security threat, both from short- and long-term perspectives. Specific resources to combat the pandemic have been put in place, such as COVID-19 vaccines, novel therapeutics, and the use of telemedicine. However, the overall implementation has been challenging due to a multitude of factors, and more effort must be devoted to addressing issues that directly or indirectly lead to the emergence of TS. Only then can we begin to reduce the incidence and intensity of pandemic-associated toxic stress.
Parvovirus Vectors: The Future of Gene Therapy
Authors: Gupta Megha
Published: June 2022

The unique diversity of parvoviral vectors with innate antioncogenic properties, autonomous replication, ease of recombinant vector production and stable transgene expression in target cells makes them an attractive choice as viral vectors for gene therapy protocols. Amongst various parvoviruses that have been identified so far, recombinant vectors originating from adeno-associated virus, minute virus of mice (MVM), LuIII and parvovirus H1 have shown promising results in many preclinical models of human diseases including cancer. The adeno-associated virus (AAV), a non-pathogenic human parvovirus, has gained attention as a potentially useful vector. The improved understanding of the metabolism of vector genomes and the mechanism of transduction by AAV vectors is leading to advancement in the development of more sophisticated AAV vectors. The in-depth studies of AAV vector biology is opening avenues for more robust design of AAV vectors that have potentially increased transduction efficiency, increased specificity in cellular targeting, and an increased payload capacity. This chapter gives an overview of the application of autonomous parvoviral vectors and AAV vectors, based on our current understanding of viral biology and the state of the platform.
Energy Metabolism and Balance
Authors: Sobotka Lubos
Published: June 2022

Malnutrition is a typical consequence of a disturbed energy balance. The intake of energy substrates should meet the requirements of organism and reflect the ability to metabolize the received substrates in various clinical situations. That means that required energy intake is dependent not only on energy expenditure (measured as substrate oxidation during indirect calorimetry) but also on requirements of organism for growth, defense against infection, healing process, regeneration, and so on. Many malnourished patients experience a combination of stress and underfeeding. Both nutritional status and disease activity must be considered when nutritional support is required; this information is important for selection of energy substrates and prediction of suitable energy balance. Therefore, proper knowledge of energy metabolism principles is important as well as information about methods of energy expenditure measurement. During an acute catabolic phase, the energy balance should be neutral, because efficient anabolic reaction is not possible. However, after the acute condition has subsided, the undernourished subject should be in positive energy balance with the goal to ensure the restoration of original “healthy” condition. The period of positive energy balance should be long enough and combined with rehabilitation therapy and increased protein intake.
Studies on Endophytic Actinobacteria as Plant Growth Promoters and Biocontrol Agents
Authors: Paul Sumi , Pratim Chakraborty Arka
Published: June 2022

The exploration of microbial resources is necessary for plant growth promotion, biological control, and reducing the agrochemicals and fertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Bacteria and fungi are distributed in the biosphere including the rhizosphere and help the host plants by alleviating biotic and abiotic stress through different mechanisms and can be used as bioinoculants for biocontrol and plant growth promotion. Actinobacteria are among the most abundant groups of soil microorganisms. They have been studied for their function in the biological control of plant pathogens, interactions with plants, and plant growth promotion. Streptomyces is the largest genus of actinobacteria. Streptomyces acts as both plant growth promoter and also as plant disease suppressor by various mechanisms like an increase in the supply of nutrients such as phosphorus, iron, production of IAA, and siderophore production. Endophytic actinobacteria help in plant growth-promoting through multiple ways by producing plant hormones; controlling fungal disease through antibiosis and competition. This review briefly summarizes the effects of actinobacteria on biocontrol, plant growth promotion, and association with plants as endophytes.
BIM Academic Training Course to Enhance Construction Professional’s Skills
Authors: Zita Sampaio Alcínia
Published: June 2022

The implementation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) methodology in the construction industry has been covering wide applicability with recognized benefits in designing, constructing and operating buildings. A recent short course organized in the University of Lisbon, actualized with the most relevant achievement based in master research, was offered to professionals of the industry, namely architects and civil engineers coming from diverse engineering areas, environment, construction, maintenance, consult and patrimonial enterprises and also from public organizations such as city councils. The proposed action covers the areas of construction (conflict analysis, planning and materials take-off), structures (interoperability, analyses and transfer of information between software) and the most recent Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM) topic. The course aims to contribute to the dissemination of the potential of BIM in the areas of designing, construction and refurbishing of historical buildings. The participants followed the course with great interest and satisfaction, formulating several questions directed to the particular activity of each of the attendees.