bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial activity of enrofloxacin in vitro
Authors:   Belgorod department of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution ", Yurin D.V. ,   Federal Scientific Centre VIEV", Nevzorova V. V. ,   Belgorod department of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Centre VIEV", Balbutskaya A.A. ,   Belgorod department of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Centre VIEV", Belimova S.S. ,   Belgorod department of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Centre VIEV"
Published: November 2020

Continuouse use of enrofloxacin contributes to emergence of enrofloxacin-resistant mi-crobial resistance, isolated and reported late-ly. In this study we deal with the spread of resistance of enrofloxacin among pathogenic organisms, infecting animals. The suscepti-bility to enrofloxacin was studied in standard disc diffusion assay. We studied 437 bacteri-al isolates in total. Salmonella dublin and Sal-monella typhimurium showed the highest suscepti-bility to enrofloxacin (100%); Salmonella enter-itidis and Salmonella choleraesuis proved a bit less susceptibility (95% and 94,7%). 5% of S. enter-itidis isolates and 5.3% of S. choleraesuis isolates had intermediate susceptibility. We did not register any resistance of isolates of Salmonella, Pasteurella and Morganella (Pasteurella multocida, Morganel-la morganii). 83.9% of Escherichiacoli strains proved susceptibility to enrofloxacin, the zone of retardation in 6.4% of the isolates was in corre-spondence with intermediate susceptibility, 9.7% of the isolates proved to be resistant. 90,9% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in our study was susceptible to enrofloxacin, 9.1% of them had intermediate susceptibility. The isolates of Strepto-coccus spp. and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius re-vealed high susceptibility to enrofloxacin, also as Listeria monocytogenes (causative agent of listeriosis)and Erysipe-lothrix rhusiopathiae (causative agent of swine erysipelas). 87.5% of the coagulase negative staphylococci proved susceptible to enrofloxacin; 6.25% of the isolates were resistant or had intermediate susceptibility. The shares of susceptible isolates of Staphylococcus hyicus, Staphylococ-cus aureus and Streptococcus uberis were respec-tively 65.1%, 75%, 75%. The shares of isolates with intermediate susceptibility of the same spp. were respectively 9.3%, 15%, 25%. The shares of resistant isolates of Staphylococci were respective-ly 25.6% and 10%. We found no strains of Str. uberis with resistance to enrofloxacin. As for Enterococci, 52.4% of the isolates were enrofloxacin-susceptible, 11,9% and 37,7% of them were re-spectively enrofloxacin-resistant or had intermedi-ate susceptibility. Presently most Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria have no resistance to enroflox-acin. Notwithstanding that enrofloxacin is signifi-cantly less effective against such pathogenic organ-isms as Staphylococci and Streptococci.
История и теория медиа. 2-е изд.
Authors: Кирия Илья , Новикова Анна
Published: November 2020

В настоящем учебнике обозначен междисциплинарный характер медиаисследований и собрано воедино теоретическое и историческое наследие, связанное с изучением коммуникаций. Авторы показывают значимость средств коммуникаций, различных медианосителей и эстетических форм медиаконтента в развитии социальных отношений и представляют обширную теоретическую палитру подходов к исследованию роли медиа в общественных системах. Учебник состоит из двух больших частей. Первая посвящена историческим аспектам развития медиа и обществ; вторая — обзору теорий медиа, которые объединены по так называемым теоретическим группам. Каждая часть снабжена списком контрольных вопросов и заданий для проверки знаний. Учебник предназначен для студентов высших учебных заведений, обучающихся по направлениям «медиакоммуникации», «журналистика», «реклама и связи с общественностью». Кроме того, он может быть рекомендован для ознакомления студентам по другим направлениям социальных и гуманитарных наук (социология, политические науки, философия и т.п.).
Methods as Moving Ground: Reflections on the ‘Doings’ of Mobile Methodologies
Authors: Boas Ingrid , Schapendonk Joris , Blondin Suzy , Pas Annemiek
Published: November 2020

As mobilities studies became a well-respected field in social science, discussions on mobile research designs followed. Usually, these discussions are part of empirical papers and reveal specific methodological choices of individual researchers, or groups of researchers sharing the same objectives and questions. This article starts with a different approach. It is based on continuous discussions between four researchers who developed their own version of mobility-driven projects, starting from different disciplinary backgrounds and using different research techniques. By sharing and contrasting personal fieldwork experiences, we reflect on the doings of mobile methodologies. We engage with the mistakes, dilemmas, and (dis)comforts that emerge from our own mobile research practices, and discuss what this implies for relations of power between the researcher and the research participants, and to what extent mobile research can represent the mobility that we seek to study. Specifically, the article addresses three questions: 1) To what extent do we produce different knowledge with our mobile methodologies? 2) How do our smooth writings about methodology relate to the ‘messy’ realities in the field? 3) How do our practices articulate and transcend difference between researchers and research participants?
Evaluation of heterogeneous factors of low-grade prostate cancer in patients before and after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Veliev E. I. , Goncharuk D. A. , Sokolov E. A. , Ivkin E. V. , Paklina O. V. , Setdikova G. R.
Published: November 2020

Objective: to determine the degree of heterogeneity of prostate cancer Gleason 6 (3 + 3) by assessing: long-term oncological results, mismatch of pre- and postoperative degree of prostate cancer aggressiveness, preoperative clinical component.Materials and methods. 528 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer and Gleason»s preoperative score of 6 (3 + 3). All patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (n = 151) — Gleason 6, prostate specific antigen (PSA) density <0.15ng/ml/cm3, ≤4 positive biopsy cores, <50 % lesion of the biopsy cores, group 2 (n = 229) — Gleason 6, PSA <10 ng/ml and group 3 (n = 148) — Gleason 6, PSA >10 ng/ml.Results. Statistically significant differences between group 1 and group 2 were observed only when assessing PSA velocity (p <0.017). The median time to the development of biochemical relapse (BCR) in the study population was 12 (3—77) months. BCR in group 1 was observed in 1.98 % of patients, in group 2 and 3 — 7.86 and 14.19 %, respectively. Statistically significant differences in the time of onset of BCR within 2 years after surgery were found between groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.002) and group 1 and 3 (p = 0.0001). An increase in the degree of malignancy after surgery in group 1 was determined only in 13 % of patients, in group 2 in 27 %, in group 3 in 43 % of patients. The contribution of a greater postoperative degree of malignancy of prostate cancer to the development of BCR in group 1 was 1.32 % (2 out of 3 patients). Thus, in group 1 in the case of true Gleason 6 (3 + 3), the probability of BCR was 0.66 %.Conclusion. PSA velocity before surgery showed a statistical difference between groups 1 and 2. Based on long-term oncological results after surgery, heterogeneous behavior of the tumor is observed among the study groups. Group 1 in comparison with group 2 and 3 showed the lowest frequency of increase in the Gleason score and the likelihood of developing BCR after surgery. These results may be useful in planning an individual patient treatment plan.
Radiotherapy for patients with locoregional and oligometastatic relapses of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Bulychkin P. V. , Tkachev S. I. , Matveev V. B. , Klimov A. V. , Kossov F. A.
Published: November 2020

Materials and methods. In our study, 21 patients with recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy and oligometastases were treated by salvage radiation therapy, which included radiotherapy treatment of recurrent tumors, regional pelvic lymph nodes, the prostate bed and stereotactic body radiation therapy to detected solitary metastases.Results. The average follow-up period was 19 ± 3.5 months. At the same time, 12 (57 %) of 21 patients are currently under observation for more than 1 year, and 1 patient for more than 5 years without signs of a biochemical recurrence. The indicator of biochemical control of the disease was 86 % (18 / 21 patients) with an average follow-up period of 19 months.Conclusion. It seems to us that further study of this problem can replace today's palliative standard of treatment for this special category of patients — hormonal and chemotherapy treatment, which has low effectiveness at a high incidence of toxicity.
Non-interventional study of treatment approaches in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer who have undergone prostatectomy or radiation therapy (PREVENT)
Authors: Matveev V. B. , Kopyl'tsov E. I. , Borisov P. S.
Published: November 2020

Background. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men. Currently there is no clear understanding of preferences among oncologists in Russia in decision-making process regarding adjuvant ADT in patients with locally advanced PCa with high and very high risk of recurrence after prostatectomy or radiotherapy.Objective: to provide accurate and reliable information regarding the adjuvant endocrine treatment in patients with locally advanced PCa in the Russian routine clinical practice.Materials and methods. This multicentre, non-interventional, prospective observational cohort study included 204 males (mean age 64.9 ± 6.2 years) with locally advanced PCa. The patients were enrolled at 18 sites in Russian Federation. Information on the routine diagnosis-specific examinations, including PSA measurements before, after and during one year after prostatectomy / radiotherapy was collected. Information regarding patient demographics, disease characteristics, management approaches, diagnostic tests and medications received by patients was taken from the medical records.Results. Among patients participated in the study, 64.4 % were treated surgically, and 38.6 % underwent radiotherapy; only 6 patients (4.6 %) underwent radical prostatectomy followed by radiotherapy. Median duration from diagnosis of PCa at the time of enrolment was less than 2.7 months, for 75 % of patients the disease duration did not exceed 7 months. ADT was used in 132 patients. ADT was received by 95.8 % of males treated with radiotherapy without radical prostatectomy and by 46.8 % of those who underwent radical prostatectomy without radiotherapy. Medical or surgical castration was used in 56.4 % of cases, antiandrogens without castration were used by less than 10 % of patients, while 28.2 % of patients received treatment with both castration and antiandrogens and the same number of males underwent only castration. Percentage of patients with PCa progression was 9.3 % for males after radical prostatectomy without radiotherapy and 7.4 % for those who underwent radiotherapy without radical prostatectomy. There were no cases of death due to PCa progression.Conclusion. The results are in alignment with international guidelines and standards. Received data can help to improve management approaches for treatment of Russian patients with high risk locally advanced PCa, particularly giving a basis for a decision on use of ADT.
Adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy with titanium glycerosolvate aquacomplex versus BCG therapy in patients with high risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Zamyatin A. V. , Mager V. O. , Orlov A. S. , Il'in K. A. , Zavatskiy S. E. , Kovalenko D. A. , Shcheglova V. P. , Berzin S. A. , Zyryanov A. V.
Published: November 2020

Objective: to compare recurrence rate, progression rate and recurrence-free survival in patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy (IVCT) with titanium glycerosolvate aquacomplex (TGA) versus intravesical BCG therapy.Material and methods. In a retrospective multicenter clinical study initially were included 126 patients with NMIBC. Of all 126 patients, 94 patients with high-risk NMIBC were selected and divided into 2 groups using a pseudo randomization with propensity score matching to minimize systematic differences in the process of forming groups. The treatment group (n = 55) consisted of patients with high-risk NMIBC who received a 6-week course of adjuvant IVCT with TGA. In the control group (n = 39) patients received an induction 6-week course of adjuvant intravesical BCG therapy, 19 (49 %) of 39 patients received maintenance therapy. Both methods were compared according to recurrence rate, progression rate and recurrence-free survival. Significance of difference was set at p <0.05.Results. The compared groups of patients were well balanced in terms of clinical and morphological characteristics and the main risk factors for recurrence and progression of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, no significant differences were found between the groups (p >0.5). The recurrence rate in treatment and control groups was 33 % and 23 %, respectively (p = 0.31). The disease progression was observed in 1 (2 %) patient in the treatment group and in 4 (13 %) patients in the control group (p = 0.08). The median disease-free survival in both groups of patients was not reached at the time of analysis. Three- and five-year recurrence-free survival in the treatment group of patients were 71 % and 62 %, respectively; in the control group — 76 % and 72 %, respectively. There were no significant differences between recurrence-free-survival curves of the treatment and control groups (p = 0.58).Conclusion. Adjuvant IVCT with TGA has demonstrated a clinical effectiveness comparable to intravesical BCG therapy and it can be used as an alternative method of treatment in patients with high-risk NMIBC.
Tulium laser in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder with spread to the ostium of the ureter
Authors: Novikov M. E. , Meleshko N. A. , Akopyan I. G.
Published: November 2020

Urothelial transitional cell cancer in developed countries is the 4th most common. In terms of frequency, it is outstripped only by prostate, breast, lung, and colorectal cancer. In the vast majority of cases, urothelial carcinoma develops in the bladder. It accounts for 90—95 % of all cases of transitional cell cancer of the urinary tract. Much less often, in 5—10 % have to deal with its localization in the upper urinary tract (in the calico-pelvic system or ureter). In 17 % of upper urinary tract cancers, bladder cancer is simultaneously diagnosed. The incidence of urothelial transitional cell cancer has increased over the past few decades as a result of improved diagnosis and improved survival of patients with this nosology. The use of modern, high-tech equipment for visualization and direct surgical intervention contributes to such results. The use of laser energy as the main tool for tissue dissection in endoscopic oncourology reveals the undeniable advantages of this method in comparison with the traditional electrosurgery.We present a clinical observation of the diagnosis and surgical treatment of urothelial bladder cancer with invasion of the ureter, performed by en-bloc tulium laser. An operation was performed-transurethral resection of a urothelial bladder tumor with invasion of the ureter, performed by en-bloc tulium laser. Intraoperatively, ureteropieloscopy was performed, and the tumor did not spread to the upper urinary tract beyond the intramural part of the ureter. Thanks to the precision of the action of the tulium laser on the tissue, not resection, but, in fact, dissection of the bladder wall, a high-quality macropreparation was obtained, which made it possible to establish a final diagnosis. Histological conclusion: from the bladder — non-invasive urothelial cancer G2-3; from the mouth of the left ureter — fragments of fibrous tissue lined with urothelium from atypia. 3 months after the operation — no recurrence of urothelial cancer was revealed, which indicates a high quality of the operation.This clinical observation demonstrates the superiority of laser en-bloc dissection compared to the treatment of bladder tumors. Obtaining a macro-product of urothelial transitional cell cancer of the highest quality can contribute to avoiding unjustified radical nephrureterectomies and conducting organ-preserving treatment, for absolute and elective indications. The 1.94 µm Tulium Erbium laser is an effective tool for performing minimally invasive transurethral interventions in non-invasive bladder cancer.
Combination of pembrolizumab and axitinib: a new gold standard in the first-line therapy for metastatic clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma?
Authors: Gafanov R. A. , Dzidzaria A. G. , Kravtsov I. B. , Fastovets S. V.
Published: November 2020

The treatment strategy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has evolved with the emergence of anti-angiogenic drugs, in particular tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Both treatment options improved patient outcomes and altered the natural history of mRCC. Clinical studies have focused on evaluating combination regimens containing ICI and VEGFR-targeted TKIs. The combination of axitinib with pembrolizumab (KEYNOTE-426) showed better results compared to sunitinib in patients with mRCC who had not previously received systemic therapy. In this article, we discuss the rationale for the combination of ICI and TKI based on preclinical data, as well as the clinical results obtained with the combination of axitinib with pembrolizumab in first-line patients in clinical trials.
Influence of biopsy cores number performed with targeted prostate biopsy on the likelihood of a positive result in patients with clinically significant prostate cancer
Authors: Zyryanov A. V. , Gulin G. A. , Rubtsova N. A. , Mager V. O. , Putintsev A. E. , Kuznetsova S. G. , Kuznetsova D. D.
Published: November 2020

Background. Targeted biopsy is proposed as a method of choice in the algorithm of prostate cancer diagnosis, but not all the features of method has been evaluated.Objective: determine the rational number of targeted biopsy samples in patients with clinically significant prostate cancer.Materials and methods. The magnetic resonance imaging and fusion biopsy data of 156 patients with suspected prostate cancer were retrospectively evaluated.Results and conclusion. In the study statistically significant dependence of the positive histological results in patients with clinically significant prostate cancer from the number of biopsy samples was found. The potential probability of a false negative histological examination with an insufficient number of biopsy samples was noted. These results confirm the latest published data of potential targeted biopsy false in true positive patients after multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging. An increase in the number of biopsy samples in the target lesion reduces the likelihood of false-negative results. The main causes of such discrepancy are some technical laxity and the heterogeneous histological structure of prostate cancer. Increase the number of biopsy cores can reduce the likelihood of false-negative results.
Effects of myofascial techniques on pain, mobility and function in patients with low back pain: a double-blind, controlled and randomized trial
Authors: Sakabe Fabiana Forti , Mazer Danielle Audickas , Cia Julia Alves , Sakabe Daniel Iwai , Bortolazzo Gustavo Luiz
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Low back pain is one of the most frequent causes of disability, with several associated etiologies. Osteopathic manipulative treatment is widely used to evaluate and manage musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of the study was to evaluate the immediate and late effects of 3 sessions of myofascial osteopathic techniques on pain intensity, posterior chain flexibility, lumbar mobility and level of disability in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: 60 subjects of both genders, randomly divided into 3 experimental groups: healthy control (HC n = 20), low back pain control group (CG, n = 20) and treated low back pain group (TG, n = 20). Initially, the 3 groups were evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Oswestry questionnaire, Wells bench and measurement of lateral spine tilt and fingertip-to-floor test. The TG was submitted to 3 sessions of myofascial techniques (lasting 40 minutes), 1x / week. The session consisted of the application of 6 myofascial techniques (thoracolumbar fascia, quadratus lumborum fascia, iliopsoas muscle stretching, quadratus lumborum stretching and iliolumbar ligaments). Subjects were reevaluated immediately after the first session, 7 days after the last session and one month after treatment completion (follow up). Results: There was an improvement in posterior chain flexibility (20.3 ± 7.4 cm pre to 26.3 ± 8 cm after 3 sessions), spinal mobility (fingertip-to-floor: 13.3 ± 11.33 cm pre to 4.8 ± 10.5 cm after 3 sessions), as well as pain intensity reduction (3.3 ± 1.9 cm pre to 1 ± 1.7 after 3 sessions) and reduction in the level of lumbar disability (15.8 ± 7.3 in the pre to 9.2 ± 8.6 after 3 sessions) for TG. In HC and CG there was no change in any of the variables. The results shown for TG remained even one month after the intervention. Conclusion: The osteopathic treatment protocol with myofascial techniques was effective for the treatment of low back pain.
Effects of high-intensity interval training associated to microcurrent on localized adiposity: protocol of randomized clinical trial
Authors: Korelo Raciele , Pesaski Aline , Santos Nandara Lopes dos , Silva Natalia Paiva da , Anjos Rubia Alana Souza dos , Vojciechowski Audrin Said , Macedo Ana Carolina Brandt de , Gallo Rubneide Barreto Silva
Published: November 2020

Background: High-intensity interval training promotes body weight loss, while microcurrent electrical stimulation has therapeutic potential toreduce localized abdominal fat. However, there are no studies that have investigated the association of the two forms of intervention in reducinglocalized adiposity. Objectives: To verify the effects of high-intensity interval training, associated or not, with microcurrent therapy, in reducinglocalized abdominal fat. Methods: A randomized controlled clinical study will be conducted with 60 women aged 18 to 40 years, with localizedabdominal adiposity. Participants will be randomized into 3 groups: Control Group (without physiotherapeutic intervention), Exercise Group(high-intensity interval training for 30 minutes) and Exercise Group associated with Microcurrent (application of 30 minutes of microcurrent priorto high-intensity interval training). The intervention will take place twice a week for 5 weeks. The clinical outcomes evaluated and their respectivemeasuring instruments will be: body composition (bioimpedance scale and adipometry), anthropometric measurements (perimetry), level ofphysical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire - IPAQ, short version), quality of life (IWQol-Lite, short version), body satisfaction(Stunkard figure rating scale), degree of satisfaction with the performance of the intervention (questionnaire adapted by the researchers) andevaluation of the lumbopelvic complex. These outcomes will be measured in 4 moments: before the intervention, after the 5th and 10thintervention, and with a follow-up of 1 month. Discussion: A previous study has already shown the positive result of the association of moderateintensity exercise, associated with the previous application of microcurrent, in reducing localized abdominal adiposity. These findings raised thehypothesis that the association of this electrical therapy with high-intensity interval training may present positive results in the search for thereduction of abdominal fat, with the clinical advantage of enhancing the achieved results and/or reducing the time spent by the patient in therapy.
Using a 980 nm, 7w/cm2 Diode Laser in Oral Surgeries
Authors: AM. Negm Shady
Published: November 2020

At this paper, we discussed the use of laser in oral surgeries. The aim of this discussion and study were to verify the reliability and efficacy of one of these compact portable diode instruments, emitting a maximum power density of 7W/cm2 not requiring pre-warming or controlling, and delivering a wavelength of 980nm. In addition to that, we compared between the healing time of some cases were treated by diode laser. Recently, laser is one of the most common surgical procedures in the field of oral surgery, implant dentistry, endodontic treatment as well. The role of laser surgery in the oral cavity is well established. The use of diode laser removing a haemangioma as a special case is currently under investigation. The benefits of oral laser surgery are many benefits, i.e., a relatively bloodless surgical and post-surgical course, minimal swelling and scarring and reduction of post-surgical pain are discussed. An interesting cases of removal; a haemangioma, fibroma and performin a frenectomy with a 980nm diode laser are presented.
The relative effect of hypertension on stroke risk in women compared with men: random-effects meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Hua , Sun Tong
Published: November 2020

It is well established that hypertension is the main risk factor for stroke and can cause stroke through many mechanisms. Many studies have been reported on whether the association between increments in blood pressure and cardiovascular disease differs between men and women. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the relative effect of hypertension on stroke risk in women compared with men. We systematically searched PubMed, google scholar and Scopus for reports of prospective, population-based cohort studies published between April 1, 2003, and Februery1, 2014. Studies were selected if they reported male: female estimates of the relative risk for stroke associated with hypertension and the data obtained through using random-effects meta-analysis. The data included 102 prospective cohort studies, representing 81061 individuals (41% women) and 1913 fatal and non-fatal strokes were involved in random-effects meta-analysis. Overall, women with hypertension had a greater risk of stroke [Relative risk=1·33 (1·19-1·89; I5=0%)].
Research Insights: The Unintended Effects of a Noncontributory Pension Program during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bottan Nicolas L. , Hoffmann Bridget , Vera-Cossio Diego A.
Published: November 2020

Results show that becoming eligible for an established, noncontributory pension program during the Covid-19 crisis in Bolivia increased the probability that households had a weeks worth of food stocked by 25 percent and decreased the probability of going hungry by 40 percent. The positive impacts are particularly large for households that experienced labor market shocks at the onset of the pandemic, and for low-income households for which the transfer represents a larger share of household income. During a systemic crisis, such as the Covid-19 pandemic, a preexisting nearuniversal pension program quickly delivered positive impacts, in line with the primary goals of a social safety net.
Social Protection and Informality in Latin America during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Busso Matías , Camacho Juanita , Messina Julián , Montenegro Guadalupe
Published: November 2020

Latin American governments swiftly implemented income assistance programs to sustain families' livelihoods during COVID-19 stay-at-home orders. This paper analyzes the potential coverage and generosity of these measures and assesses the suitability of current safety nets to deal with unexpected negative income shocks in 10 Latin American countries. The expansion of pre-existing programs (most notably conditional cash transfers and non-contributory pensions) during the COVID-19 crisis was generally insufficient to compensate for the inability to work among the poorest segments of the population. When COVID-19 ad hoc programs are analyzed, the coverage and replacement rates of regular labor income among households in the first quintile of the country's labor income distribution increase substantially. Yet, these programs present substantial coverage challenges among families composed of fundamentally informal workers who are non-poor, but are at a high risk of poverty. These results highlight the limitations of the fragmented nature of social protection systems in the region.
Pensar en salud
Authors: Testa Mario
Published: November 2020

Pensar en Salud traduce el pensamiento de un epistemólogo que en varios pasajes del libro se define como militante de base. En la conjunción de esta aparente dualidad puede comprenderse mejor el objetivo: incorporar conceptos y categorías explicativas al análisis de la salud que den sustento teórico metodológico a la relación investigación-acción. Desde el punto de vista teórico identifico dos conceptos: totalidad e historicidad, que a mi juicio constituyen las bases fundamentales de la argumentación. Otro elemento esencial para el epistemólogo militante es la traducción de la teoría en acción transformadora. Afirma que esa relación debe buscarse en la intersección entre la ciencia y la ideología, considerando esta última como una forma de la práctica de la ciencia que tiene efecto sobre la conciencia de los individuos, fundamental para la construcción de hegemonía. Estas son ideas básicas para comprender la obra en su conjunto y van a aparecer trabajadas desde diversos ángulos, tanto en los primeros capítulos “¿Cuál ciencia?” y “Enseñar medicina”, dedicados a la fundamentación teórico-metodológica, como en los restantes, donde se presentan temas como “Atención ¿primaria o primitiva? de salud” y “Tecnología y salud” que, además de su contenido específico, son excelentes ejemplos de cómo pensar en salud.
AN EVALUATION METHODOLOGY FOR MEASURING THE LONG-TERM IMPACT OF FAMILY STRENGTHENING AND ALTERNATIVE CHILD CARE SERVICES: THE CASE OF SOS CHILDREN’S VILLAGES
Authors: Willi Rosalind , Reed Douglas , Houedenou Germain
Published: November 2020

Until recently, SOS Children’s Villages International, like many organisations in the social sector, lacked a rigorous and systematic approach to gauging the long-term impact of their services. With this in mind, SOS Children’s Villages International developed a social impact evaluation methodology in 2014 to measure the long-term effects of its services on children and their families and communities, as well as the social return on investment. This evaluation methodology has been tested and applied to similar service types across 15 low-, middle-, and high-income countries worldwide. The findings are regularly consolidated, in order to derive trends and learnings for the global organisation and to inform strategy and policy. The present article will discuss the evaluation methodology and the related limitations. Conclusions regarding the validity of the methodology will be offered in terms of the measurement of social service impact and the way forward.
Research on Construction Technology and Management Measures of Urban Road Subgrade
Authors: Zhang Guoxiang
Published: November 2020

With the rapid development of modern economy, the scale of cities is constantly expanding and the population is constantly growing. Strengthening urban construction has become one of the important work contents of socialist modernization in China. To build a modern city, road construction is the key work of urbanization. Subgrade is the most important construction link in urban road construction and the important foundation of road engineering. In this paper, combined with the specific conditions of urban roads, the construction technology and management measures of urban road subgrade are deeply explored, and perfect construction schemes and management measures are formulated to provide more reliable reference basis for promoting urban development and construction.
Local Dynamics of an SVIR Epidemic Model with Logistic Growth
Authors: Harianto Joko , Sari Inda Puspita
Published: November 2020

Discussion of local stability analysis of SVIR models in this article is included in the scope of applied mathematics. The purpose of this discussion was to provide results of local stability analysis that had not been discussed in some articles related to the SVIR model. The SVIR models discussed in this article involve logistics growth in the vaccinated compartment. The results obtained, i.e. if the basic reproduction number less than one and m is positive, then there is one equilibrium point i.e. E0 is locally asymptotically stable. In the field of epidemiology, this means that the disease will disappear from the population. However, if the basic reproduction number more than one and b1 more than b, then there are two equilibrium points i.e. disease-free equilibrium point denoted by E0 and the endemic equilibrium point denoted by E1*. In this case the endemic equilibrium point E1* is locally asymptotically stable. In the field of epidemiology, this means that the disease will remain in the population. The numerical simulation supports these results.
Monopol patentowy na produkty lecznicze
Authors: Niklewicz-Pijaczyńska Małgorzata
Published: November 2020

Discussions concerning patenting of pharmaceutical products require a particularly careful selection of postulates as they affect the fundamental area of human functioning — the issue of health and life. Both supporters of maintaining exclusive rights and their adversaries, therefore, reach for arguments that justify the validity of their position. These arguments are very diverse, but both sides of the ongoing debate mention primarily those of an economic and legal nature. The first of these are related to emphasizing the amount of necessary financial effort and the need to motivate entities to undertake research. Postulates of the second type point to the possibility of applying exceptions to generally applicable regulations. The purpose of the publication is to picture arguments of one of the parties — those that sanction the maintenance of existing solutions within the scope of exclusive rights for pharmaceutical products. The research method is a critical analysis of the source literature in the fields of economics and law as well as jurisprudence study of cases. The conclusions point to the need for further, compatible problem-taking, both on the literature level and through specific solutions of jurisprudence practice, without which a consensus seems impossible.
Inclusive growth in the fastest-growing Asian countries
Authors: Nowak Wioletta
Published: November 2020

The paper discusses the extent of inclusiveness of economic growth in the ten fastest-growing Asian countries between 2001 and 2019. It focuses on essential aspects of inclusiveness i.e. on poverty and inequality reduction and development of employment opportunities for poor people. The study is based on the data retrieved from the ILOSTAT and World Bank Database. In the twenty-first century, the fastest growing countries in Asia have significantly reduced poverty. However, the benefits of rapid economic growth in these countries have not been spread evenly. Income inequality has been steadily increasing in some Asian societies. Besides, economic growth in the fastest-growing countries in Asia has not been always accompanied by an increase in employment opportunities. Although unemployment is not a problem for the large part of the population in Asian countries, a lot of workers are still in extreme or moderate working poverty. Reasons behind the working poor in the fastest-growing Asian countries vary slightly from country to country but the most important are: jobless growth, high vulnerable employment in agriculture and a large part of the non-agricultural labour force working in the informal sector.
Ürgék gyakoriságát befolyásoló élőhelyi tényezők vizsgálata
Authors: Szórádi Zsófia , Csete Sándor , Altbäcker Vilmos
Published: November 2020

A fokozottan védett közönséges ürgére (Spermophilus citellus) ható legkomolyabb veszélyeztető tényező az élőhelyeinek átalakulása és megszűnése. Vizsgálatunkban 14 jelentős ürgepopuláció élőhelyét mértük fel a Dunántúlon és a Duna-Tisza közén az NBmR protokoll szerint, amit kiegészítettünk a talaj, a növényzet, valamint a tájhasználat vizsgálatával. Eredményeink alapján az ürgék változatos növényzetű, talajú és kezelésű élőhelyeken fordulnak elő, de a legsűrűbb kolóniák a közepes kötöttségű talajon kifejlődött, zárt, csenkesz fajok (Festuca spp.) által uralt gyepekben vannak. Közepes csenkesz-borítás mellett is létrejöhet nagy sűrűségű kolónia, ha azok erős legeltetésnek vagy rendszeres kaszálásnak vannak kitéve. A legsűrűbben lakott ürgeélőhelyek alacsonyabb növényi diverzitása felveti egy ürgére koncentráló élőhely-kezelés kidolgozásának szükségességét.
Implementing an Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Study in a Hospital Context in Portugal: The EVA Hospital Project
Authors: Machado Ausenda , Gomez Verónica , Panarra António , Poças Jose , Corte-Real Rita , Peres Maria João , Nunes Baltazar , EVA Hospital Group Em Representação do
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The project ‘Integrated Monitoring of Vaccines in Europe’ aimed to measure seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness against hospitalised adults, aged 65 years and over, with influenza. We describe the protocol implementation in Portugal.Material and Methods: We implemented a test-negative design, targeting community-dwelling patients aged 65 years old and over hospitalised with severe acute respiratory illness. Patients were reverse transverse-polymerase chain reaction tested for influenza. Cases were those positive for influenza while others were controls. Most variables were collected using hospital medical records. Selection bias was evaluated by comparison with the laboratory influenza test requests database according to demographic characteristics. Crude, season-adjusted influenza vaccine effectiveness was estimated as = 1 – odds ratio, and 95% confidence intervals were obtained by conditional logistical regression, matched with the disease onset month.Results: The recruitment rate was 37.8%. Most participants (n = 368) were female (55.8%) and aged 80 years old and over (55.8%). This was similar to values for potentially eligible severe acute respiratory illness patients (80 years old and over: 56.8%, female: 56.2%). The proportion of missing values was below 2.5% for 20 variables and above 5% (maximum 11.6%) for six variables. Influenza vaccine effectiveness estimates were 62.1% against AH1pdm09 (95% confidence intervals: -28.1 to 88.8), 14.9% against A(H3N2) (95% confidence intervals: -69.6 to 57.3), 43.6% against B/Yam (95% confidence intervals: -66.2 to 80.8).Discussion: Given the non-existence of a coded admission database in either participating hospital the selection of severe acute respiratory illness due to clinical features was the feasible one. These results are only valid for the older adult population residing in the catchment area of the two participating hospitals who were admitted to a public hospital with severe influenza or SARI symptoms.Conclusion: Despite the low participation rate, we observed comparable characteristics of participants and eligible severe acute respiratory illness patients. Data quality was high, and influenza vaccine effectiveness results were in accordance with the results of meta-analyses and European season-specific estimates. The final sample size was low, which inhibited obtaining estimates with good precision.
The Description of the Application of Healthy Workplaces at PT PJB Power Plant Unit Gresik
Authors: Pratiwi Dinda Ocvita Windi
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Healthy workplaces is a concept where everyone in the work environment works together to achieve the vision of the health and welfare of workers and the surrounding community. PT PJB UP Gresik is a supplier of electrical energy since 14th June 1996, and has received top management awards in 2018 with zero accidents in 2018 and 2019. This study aimed to describe the working environment of PT PJB UP Gresik using Healthy Workplaces Theory. Methods: The study was conducted in February-August 2019 through descriptive of quantitative method. The population involved was 325 workers selected using simple random sampling, divided into two groups of 22 managements, and 76 staffs. Research tool used was in the form of WHO questionnaire. The study passed the ethical review of the Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Airlangga in June 2019 number 324/HRECC.FODM/VI/2019. Result: As much as 97% of the management and 76% of staff agreed that the company had health-oriented regulations. It also obtained that 100% management, and 92% staff agreed that the company's psychosocial environment was healthy. As much as 96% of each respondent group agreed that the work environment was safe. About 63% management and 64% staff agreed that the company supported changes in healthy lifestyles. Around 60% management and 64% staff agreed that the company's health service units were available and implemented well. The statement of company being a good effect has been approved by 89% of the management. Conclusion: PT PJB UP Gresik has a healthy work environment and can be improved if it pays more attention to the lifestyle and the functions of health service.Keywords: heat radiation, noise, ship production
SWOT Analysis for Tourism Development Strategy of Samosir Regency
Authors: Tambunan Toman Sony
Published: November 2020

Samosir Regency is an area that has the potential to be developed as a tourism destination through the utilization of various potential natural beauty, local wisdom, and the historical value of cultural civilization, so as to increase regional income, improve the community's economy, grow the business sector, introduce local cultural values, and contribute in developing the world of education. This study aims to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the development of tourism in Samosir Regency as a tourist attraction. Data were collected through observation, interviews and literature study. Data analysis uses descriptive qualitative analysis. The results of the data will be used to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of tourism objects in Samosir Regency. The conclusion of this study states that for the tourism development strategy of Samosir Regency, they are (1) improving the quality of facilities and infrastructure that supports tourism, (2) increasing tourism activities on a national and international scale, (3) promoting attractions on an ongoing basis to the national and international level, (4) developing various values of tourist attraction products, (5) involving the participation of the community and all interested parties in the management of attractions, and (6) improving the competency of human resources for tourism actors.
An evaluation of the diet and physical activity compliance of elderly hypertensive patients in Isparta city centre: A cross-sectional study
Authors: ERSOY Pınar , SÖNMEZ Yonca , ERSOY İbrahim
Published: November 2020

Objective: This study aimed to determine factors related to physical activity and dietary compliance in hypertensive elders living in Isparta. Method: This cross-sectional study included a population living in Isparta city aged >65 years with hypertensive symptoms diagnosed at least 3 months ago. A total of 411 patients were included, with an attainment rate of 91.9% according to the sample size. Dependent variables were physical activity and dietary compliance, and independent variables were sociodemographic and hypertension characteristics. Data was collected using face to face interviews. The chi square test, Fisher’s exact test, independent samples t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, ANOVA, logistic and multiple regression analyses were used for data evaluation. Results: Physical activity compliance was 43.6%, and dietary compliance scores were 5.3 ± 0.9 SD. Physical activity compliance was higher; 3.58 times (p <0.001, 95% CI = 2.18-5.88) in males, 2.01 times (p = 0.004, 95% CI = 1.25-3.23) in patients with regular health checks, 5.84 times (p <0.001, 95% CI = 3.28-10.40) in the group with good/very good health perception, 2.49 times (p = 0.008, 95% CI = 1.26-4.92) in the group with no comorbidities other than hypertension, 2.21 times (p = 0.008, 95% CI = 1.22-3.98) in the group with 1-2 concomitant diseases, 2.10 times (p = 0.013, 95% CI = 1.16-3.79) in the 65-69 age group compared to the 75 years and over group, 2.72 times (p = 0.002, 95% CI = 1.46-5.05) in normal BMI compared to the obese, 2.41 times (p=0.002, 95% CI = 1.37-4.21) in the overweight compared to obese individuals. According to multivariate analysis results, the effects of regular health check-ups (p=0.002) and polypharmacy (p=0.016) variables on dietary compliance are significant.
Profile of Students' Problem Solving Skills and the Implementation of Structured Inquiry Models in Senior High Schools
Authors: Devanti Selonita Oldi , Achmadi Hainur Rasyid , Prahani Binar Kurnia
Published: November 2020

This study aims to get a profile of students' problem-solving skills and the implementation of structured inquiry models in senior high schools. This type of research used in this study is preliminary research, with data collection techniques in the form of student interview questionnaires, teacher interviews, and written tests. Then the data that has been obtained will be analyzed descriptively qualitatively. This research was conducted on 24 students of class XII-SCIENCE in one of the high schools in the district of Gresik. Based on the results of the study found findings in the form of 1) The ability of students to solve problems in the low category with a range of grades from 0 to 1.00 as many as 11 students and the medium category with a range of grades from 1.01-2.00 as many as 13 students, 2) Criteria for the lowest problem-solving skills at point A- Assen the problem (Identifying the principles of the problem needed to solve the problem) with an average value of 0.375, 3) The application of structured inquiry models is expected to be able to improve problems solving skills possessed by students. It can be concluded if the problems solving skills possessed by students are low, so it is necessary to increase the problems solving skills of students by using new learning methods that have never been taught to students.
The C3PDR Learning Model to Increase Conceptual Understanding and Creative Thinking Skills of Senior High School Students
Authors: Julfitri Emilia , Efwinda Shelly , Zulkarnaen Zulkarnaen
Published: November 2020

The C3PDR Learning Model was designed to increase student creativity in science. This study aimed to determine the effect of C3PDR learning model on improving conceptual understanding and creative thinking skills of senior high school students on sound waves topic. This study used a Quasi-Experimental Method and One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The sample in this study was 32 students of the eleventh-grade student in the 2017/2018 academic year from one of senior high school in Samarinda, selected by purposive sampling. Data collection used Test Techniques. The instrument used Essay Questions. Essay questions indicators to determine the understanding of physics concepts were interpreting, clarifying, comparing, summarizing, and inferring. Essay questions indicators to determine students' creative thinking skills were Asking Questions, Guessing the Causes, Guessing the Cause of an Occurrence or Even, Improving product, and Supposing. Analysis of the data used is the N-Gain analysis and paired t-test. The results showed the C3PDR Learning Model influenced the increase of conceptual understanding and the creative thinking skills of senior high school students on sound waves topic. This is indicated by 1) N-Gain of conceptual understanding was 0,76 in the high category, 2) N-Gain of creative thinking skills was 0.51 in the moderate category, 3) A significant difference between students' conceptual understanding and 4) the students' creative thinking skills before and after the C3PDR Learning Model was applied, marked with p mode <0.05.