bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen levels via fertigation and irrigation depths in the arugula culture
Authors: Silva Paulo Henrique Soares , Palaretti Luiz Fabiano , Cecílio Filho Arthur Bernardes , Silva Yane Freitas da
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT In vegetables, especially the leafy ones, nitrogen (N) and water are essential in its growth, being N the second most absorbed and identified nutrient in the arugula leaf tissue. Water is essential for horticultural crops, so its use must be rational in order to achieve high yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen levels and irrigation depths on the productive characteristics, the total leaf chlorophyll index (ICF) and nitrogen contents in the arugula culture. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design subdivided in plots, with two factors: A) nitrogen levels applied in coverage (25, 50, 100, 125 and 150 mg dm-3) and B) irrigation depths [(50 and 100% of the available water capacity (AWC)]. At harvest, 37 days after transplantation (DAT), we observed a significant effect of the treatments when individually analyzed, and also a significant interaction between factors of the analyzed variables. The nitrogen content in the plant showed no effect for irrigation depths. However, the highest content was found in the level of 129 mg dm-3 (27.8 g kg-1), corresponding to an increase of 26% in relation to the lowest level (25 mg dm-3; 22.07 g kg-1). In conclusion, the supply of 150 mg dm-3 nitrogen and full irrigation management (100% of AWC) provided substantial increase in height, leaf area and fresh mass of aerial part of the plant.
Agronomic performance of sweet cassava cultivars
Authors: Mendonça Ricardo M de , Vieira Eduardo A , Fialho Josefino de F , Ribeiro Marcos R , Sene José Carlos da S , Paiva Weslley M de , Malaquias Juaci Vitória
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT Brazilian sweet cassava consumers are becoming more and more demanding in relation to sanitary conditions, organoleptic and nutritional characteristics of this vegetable products and their derivatives. Thus, more nutritious, early, productive, adapted to mechanized planting and good culinary quality sweet cassava cultivars were developed. This study aimed, therefore, to evaluate the performance of four sweet cassava cultivars in Uberaba, in Triângulo Mineiro region. The experiments were carried out in the experimental field of Faculdades Associadas de Uberaba (FAZU) during two harvest seasons. We adopted a randomized block design with three replicates, each plot consisting of four lines with ten plants. Trait averages were grouped by the Scott & Knott test. The results showed that cultivars BRS 399, BRS 397 and IAC 576-70 have potential to be grown in the region, since they showed root yield higher than 32 t ha-1 and up to 30-minute cooking time. BRS 399 stood out for its performance, showing root yield of 37 t ha-1 and 48 t ha-1 in 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 harvest seasons, respectively, with short-time cooking and presenting shoot productivities which allow its use even as animal feed.
Duodenum-preserving total pancreatic head resection. Early postoperative outcomes
Authors: Kozlov I. A. , Baydarova M. D. , Shevchenko T. V. , Ikramov R. Z. , Zharikov Yu. O.
Published: December 2020

Aim. To study the early postoperative outcomes of duodenum-preserving total pancreatic head resections in benign, premalignant tumors of the pancreatic head and chronic pancreatitis complicated by duodenal dystrophy in comparison with the results of pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. Materials and methods. From 2006 to 2019, 54 patients underwent duodenum-preserving total pancreatic head resection for chronic pancreatitis complicated by duodenal dystrophy, benign or premalignant tumors of the pancreatic head. At the same time, in 25 cases, the operation was performed in an isolated version, in 29 – with a resection of the duodenum. As a comparison group, we used data from 89 patients who underwent pyloruspreserving pancreaticoduodenectomy during the same period. Results. Compared to pancreaticoduodenectomy, duodenum-preserving total pancreatic head resection exhibits significantly longer times for surgery (420 and 310 minutes, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in the volume of intraoperative blood loss. There are no differences between groups in hospital morbidity (the frequency of pancreatic fistulas, delayed gastric emptying, bile leakage and post-resection bleeding). The frequency of postoperative complications for Clavien-Dindo III and higher did not differ significantly in the groups. There is no hospital mortality after duodenum-preserving total pancreatic head resection; three patients died after pancreatoduodenectomy. Conclusion. Early postoperative outcomes following duodenum-preserving total pancreatic head resection and pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy are comparable. However, to develop a full-fledged concept of surgical treatment of pancreatic head benign, premalignant neoplasms and chronic pancreatitis with duodenal dystrophy, it is necessary to analyze the long-term outcomes of treatment.
Endoscopic Ultrasound in pediatric patients. First experience
Authors: Solodinina E. N. , Chekmazov I. A. , Efremenkov A M. , Fomicheva N. V. , Sokolov Y. Y.
Published: December 2020

Aim. To evaluate the informational content of endoscopic ultrasound in pediatric patients with pancreatobiliary diseases. Materials and methods. The study included 16 patients with pancreatobiliary diseases, who were examined with 17 endoscopic ultrasounds within 14 months. The follow-up was 12 months. Results. Endoscopic ultrasound was informative in all 16 patients and in 14 patients it had an impact on the management. The main diseases that were indications for the examination included choledocholithiasis, pancreatobiliary abnormalities, relapsing pancreatitis, pancreatic cysts, as well as a combination of these diseases. There were no complications during the diagnostic examination as well as during the procedure done under the control of endoscopic ultrasonography. Conclusion. Endoscopic ultrasound is promising, effective and safe not only in adults but also in pediatric patients.
On language and style of scientific work. Notes from practice
Authors: Vetshev P. S. , Vetshev S. P.
Published: December 2020

The paper presents basic information about the styles of written scientific speech. The basic requirements for the completeness and unambiguity of written speech are revealed, which turn out to be much stricter than oral speech. Varieties of scientific style are highlighted - academic style, popular scientific style, scientific and educational, scientific and business. The work is based on examples, the most frequent and typical speech errors and inaccuracies. These were collected by the authors during many years of work in the editorial boards of medical journals and cooperation with publishing houses. The emphasis is given on the typical shortcomings found in written scientific speech, stylistic errors and inaccuracies in wording. The article is intended to help authors with understand the features of the scientific style of speech and, ultimately, improve the quality and value of their own publications.
Robot-assisted and open resections for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Comparative analysis of the immediate outcomes
Authors: Efanov M. G. , Alikhanov R. B. , Kazakov I. V. , Vankovich A. N. , Melekhina O. V. , Kulezneva Yu. V. , Elizarova N. I. , Koroleva A. A. , Kovalenko D. E. , Tsvirkun V. V.
Published: December 2020

Background. Minimally invasive radical surgery for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma is in its early stages. Aim. A comparative analysis of the initial experience of robot-assisted and open resections for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Material and methods. The single-center experience, accumulated over the period from 2014 to 2018, is analyzed. Robot-assisted procedures included major liver resection and caudate lobectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection and lymphadenectomy. The need for vascular reconstruction was considered a contraindication to surgery. Results. Thirteen robot-assisted resections were performed. The perihilar cholangiocarcinoma was confirmed by pathologic examination in 10 patients. The immediate outcomes were compared with that in 88 open procedures. There were no significant differences in blood loss, the rate of severe morbidity, mortality, and hospital stay. The duration of the robot-assisted surgical resections was significantly longer. Conclusion. Analysis of initial experience justifies the robotic approach for radical resection in highly selected patients.
Features of structure formation in Al–Fe–Mn alloy during crystallization at different cooling rates
Authors: Loginova I. S. , Sazerat M. V. , Popov N. A. , Pozdniakov A. V. , Solonin A. N.
Published: December 2020

The paper studies specific features of the Al–2.5%Fe–1.5%Mn alloy microstructure formation depending on the cooling rate during casting and laser melting. As-cast microstructure analysis showed that with an increase in the cooling rate during crystallization from 0.5 to 940 K/s, the primary crystallization of the Al6(Mn,Fe) phase is almost completely suppressed with the non-equilibrium eutectic volume increasing to 43 %. The Al–2.5%Fe–1.5%Mn alloy microstructure after laser melting features by the presence of dendritic-type aluminum matrix crystals with an average cell size of 0.56 μm surrounded by an iron-manganese phase of eutectic origin with an average plate size of 0.28 μm. The primary crystallization of the Al6(Mn,Fe) phase is completely suppressed. Such a microstructure is formed at cooling rates of 1.1·104 to 2.5·104 K/s, which corresponds to the cooling rates implemented in additive technologies. Regions consisting of Al6(Mn,Fe) phase primary crystals formed by the epitaxial growth mechanism were revealed at the boundary between the track and the base metal and at the remelting boundary. The smaller the eutectic plates and dendritic cell located in the epitaxial layer, the more disperse the primary crystals in the remelting zone. The Al–2.5%Fe–1.5%Mn alloy after laser melting has high hardness at room temperature (93 HV) and good thermal stability after heating up to 300 °C (hardness slightly decreases to 85 HV), and its calculated yield strength is 227 MPa. Combined with the ultra-fine microstructure formed, high processibility during laser melting, hardness at room temperature, and high calculated yield strength, Al–2.5%Fe–1.5%Mn is a promising alloy for use in additive technologies.
Synthesis of Cu–Ti–Al-based intermetallic alloy. Structural phase analysis and electrophysical properties
Authors: Busurina M. L. , Sytschev A. E. , Karpov A. V. , Sachkova N. V. , Kovalev I. D.
Published: December 2020

For the first time, an intermetallic alloy based on the Heusler phase – Cu2TiAl – was obtained by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) in the Cu–Ti–Al reaction mixture. The frontal combustion modes of green mixture compositions and phase formation processes during synthesis were studied. The products obtained were studied by X-ray diffraction analysis including high-temperature diffractometry with stage heating up to 900 K, scanning electron microscopy, differential thermal analysis (DTA), and some physical properties were studied. Also, electrophysical and magnetic measurements were carried out for the obtained alloy. The results of X-ray analysis and SEM using energy-dispersive analysis (EDA) showed that the Heusler phase content in the synthesized product is at least 82 %. The product also contains copper (Cu9Al4) and titanium (Ti3Al2) aluminides. The temperature dependence of the synthesized product electrical resistivity was measured for a wide temperature range of 90–1000 K, which was 0.3 μmm at T = 300 K. The metallic type of the conductivity for the samples obtained and the abnormal behavior of the electrical resistance temperature curve in the region of Т = 770÷790 K were revealed. Thermal analysis was used to measure the melting point of the synthesized product and to reveal additional heat effects at Т = 788, 848 and 1248 К associated with possible phase transitions in the Cu2TiAl intermetallic compound. A possible mechanism of phase transitions is considered in accordance with the Cu–Ti–Al system phase diagram. Magnetic measurements results showed that intermetallic samples obtained by the SHS method feature by weak ferromagnetic properties with residual magnetization of 0.069 A·m2/kg.
The Personality of a Criminal in Criminological Studies of the Soviet Period
Authors: Shesler Alexander
Published: December 2020

The paper describes the evolution of the views of Soviet criminologists on such element of its object as the personality of a criminal. As the anthropological approach to the personality of a criminal was dominant in the criminology of the pre-Soviet period, the first Soviet criminological studies of criminal personality were based on viewing a criminal as a person with metal deviations which should be corrected therapeutically. It is noted that the social character of the Marxist doctrine, its understanding of crime as a legacy of the exploitative society, as well as the fallacy of substituting the personality of a criminal by a that of a person who committed publically dangerous acts due to mental deviations in the early Soviet criminological studies led to the termination of such research. After the renaissance of criminological studies in mid-1960s, the personality of a criminal was not immediately included in the object of criminology as an independent element. The author singles out three approaches to researching the personality of a criminal in Soviet criminology: the psychological approach that identifies certain psychological features in the personality of a criminal (defects of legal consciousness, distortions of the value system, etc) or defines a criminal as a person alienated from society; the bio-social approach that characterizes a criminal as person who is genetically or psycho-pathologically predisposed to crime and who acts on this predisposition in an unfavorable social environment. It is concluded that, in the modern period, these approaches have created a basis for a complex study of the personality of a criminal, according to which it is viewed as an aggregate of social, biological and psychological features.
The Effectiveness of Penalties and Other Criminal Law Measures for Minors Who Have Committed a Crime
Authors: Prozumentov Lev , Olkhovik Nikolay , Karelin Dmitry
Published: December 2020

It is impossible to develop an effective system of penalties and other criminal law measures for minors in Russia without creating the corresponding economic, social and legal conditions. These conditions are not always taken into consideration when imposing penalties on minors who have committed crimes or taking other criminal law measures against them. The humanization of penalties imposed on juvenile delinquents, the implementation of state policy aimed at the liberalization of penalties for minors resulted in a consistently high number of minors with conditional or non-custodial sentences in comparison with the number of minors sentenced to custodial punishments or compulsory educational measures. Key indices of repeat offences by minors show that the effectiveness of non-custodial or conditional sentences is low. Research demonstrated that the highest index of repeat offences while serving a sentence is typical of minors sentenced to the limitation of freedom, correctional labor, those under a conditional sentence or those ordered to perform a community service. The number of repeat offences committed by persons sentenced to compulsory educational measures under Art. 92 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, both after they have finished a special school or a special vocational school, is much lower than the number of repeat offences committed by minors sentences to non-custodial penalties. The authors show that it is not feasible to include in the law six types of penalties for minors. It is suggested that only one type of punishment for juvenile delinquents should be left - imprisonment for a certain term. A parallel system of educational measures should be developed and included in the criminal law instead of the current Art. 90-92 of the CC of the RF, the unreasonably wide use of Art. 73 of the CC of the RF should be limited, and Clause 6.2 of Art. 88 of the CC of the RF should be abolished as it contradicts Parts 1 and 3 of Art. 73 of the CC of the RF.
O exercício da escrita e da escuta como instrumentos de aprimoramento da prática clínica
Authors: Andrade Daniele Santos , Pedreira Liz Torres , Milheiro Vitoria da Silva Costa Machado , Matos Yasmin Vidal
Published: December 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: O exercício da escrita e da escuta contribuem para a prática médica de forma ímpar. O recebimento da história do paciente se dá por uma escuta atenta que, para isso, precisa ser treinada. Assim, a escrita é a ferramenta primordial nesse processo. A medicina hoje assume um carácter cada vez mais tecnicista. DISCUSSÃO: A aproximação da Medicina e das ciências humanas, que para alguns, parece ser inconciliável, ganha espaço na Medicina Narrativa de Rita Charon, através deste exercício cíclico e inesgotável de escrever e escutar. Os livros são capazes de nos fornecer recursos interpretativos e proporcionar um posicionamento mais atento e perspicaz aos comportamentos do paciente de falar ou até mesmo ao se manter em silêncio. Assim que se apreende o que foi escutado, a escrita vem como diálogo consigo mesmo para entender com maior profundidade o que acabamos de experienciar. Entrando nesse complexo enredo do paciente, através da imaginação, abre-se o caminho para desenvolver empatia com o emissor e abre espaço para reflexão do médico em relação ao que ele vivencia. É essencial possuir um arsenal teórico e literário para se conectar com as vivências e o lugar social do paciente. CONCLUSÃO: A medicina não é em si ciência, por isso pressupõe a interpretação, a qual surge também da boa escuta e escrita. Desta forma, essas capacidades promovem uma relação médico(a)-paciente mais horizontal e menos paternalista dando o protagonismo ao paciente sobre si mesmo e sua dor.
O outro lado do jaleco
Authors: Malheiro Andressa Karoline da silva , Almeida Isabela Pereira , Oliveira Zara Dantas
Published: December 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: Na Literatura e nas Artes temos exemplos da representação das inúmeras faces do médico e a influência dessas visões na imagem que o médico tem de si mesmo, o que interfere diretamente no seu processo de adoecimento. Este trabalho objetiva explorar a construção da figura do médico na sociedade e como esta implica em seu comportamento como paciente. DESENVOLVIMENTO: Aliado a prestígio e autoridade, o exercício da Medicina vem acompanhado de grande carga de exigência. Deste modo, é criado um nível de cobrança altíssimo e um contexto de negação do adoecimento médico. A imagem do médico enfermo pode colocar-se como uma situação fora da realidade. Sobre isso, temos exemplos no Livro “Ensaio sobre a Cegueira”, de José Saramago, na obra “O Médico Doente”, de Drauzio Varella, e, ainda, na dramaturgia. Analisando outra vertente, um ponto interessante é que sendo paciente, o médico pode aprender como o outro se sente,­­o que remete, inclusive, ao conceito de empatia. Ademais, evidenciam-se as diferentes perspectivas existentes sobre o fato de possuir conhecimento sobre as doenças. CONCLUSÃO: A dificuldade de desvencilhar as múltiplas dimensões do médico, devido à construção histórica desse profissional como um “semideus”, forte e estudioso, e à própria visão pessoal de onipotência, gera uma negação do adoecimento médico. A ampliação dos estudos em Ciências Humanas e em Humanidades Médicas pode proporcionar uma maior compreensão dessa conjuntura.
Development of a refractodensimetric method for determining the content of ethyl alcohol and total wine extract by a computer
Authors: Timofeev R. G.
Published: December 2020

The work is devoted to the improvement of the methodological foundations of the refractodensimetric method of analysis as applied to liquid alcohol-containing products of grape winemaking. The regularities of changes in density and specific refraction of ethyl alcohol and substances of the extract of grapes and wine depending on their concentration based on the processing of the data of measuring the refractive index and density of various alcohol-containing products of winemaking and model solutions based on them, as well as based on the analysis of data from official densimetric and refractometric tables to determine the concentration of aqueous solutions of ethyl alcohol and total extract of the must, has been determined. The improved mathematical model of an alcoholic drink is proposed, which adequately describes the dependence of the refractive index and density of the drink on the content of ethyl alcohol and extract, based on the use of the additivity property of the specific refraction and the mass of the components of its constituents. On the basis of the proposed mathematical model of the drink, an algorithm has been developed for determining the volume fraction of ethyl alcohol and the mass concentration of the total extract for winemaking products, based on measuring the density and refractive index as the basis for the method for determining the volume fraction of ethyl alcohol and the mass concentration of the total extract. Preliminary metrological certification of the method for determining the mass concentration of the total extract and the volume fraction of ethyl alcohol in alcohol-containing products of grape winemaking has been carried out. The results of the work can be the basis for the development of a non-destructive express method for determining the volume fraction of ethyl alcohol and the mass concentration of the total extract based on the standard equipment of the laboratory of wineries, as well as the development of technical specifications for the manufacture of a portable device for determining the concentration of alcohol and extract based on the simultaneous measurement of the refractive index and density of liquid media.
Component Elements of a Crime as an Ontological Reality of Unknown Existence
Authors: Khilyuta V. V.
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with methodological problems of understanding the component elements of a crime in the doctrine and modern science of criminal law. The author analyzes the philosophical approaches to determining the essence of this phenomenon, the influence of the classical school of criminal law on the formation of such concepts as "crime" and "component elements of a crime", reveals the prerequisites and reasons for the multilevel understanding of the component elements of a crime in pre-revolutionary and Soviet criminal law. The ratio between the crime and the component elements of a crime is revealed (based on the features of these legal concepts) and questions are raised about the non-identical understanding of the same phenomena in criminal law. The author states that the component elements of a crime cannot be identified with the concept of "crime" and is the basis for criminal liability. The component elements are always a legislative (regulatory) model, not a reality. The reality is only a committed crime, which entails the emergence of the relevant legal relations. In conflict social relations characterized by the commission of an illegal criminal act, the crime itself exists, but not the component elements of this crime. The author suggests that the component elements should be distinguished within the scope of the crime’s illegality, rather than the crime as a whole. From this point of view, it is proved that the disposition of the criminal law norm determines the model of a specific illegal act and its features (objective and subjective), since in real life the composition is associated with those features that are described in the disposition of the legal norm. The disposition does not replace the component elements, on the contrary, the component elements of illegality are revealed in the disposition of the criminal law norm. Research methods used in the course of the study are as follows: formal dogmatic, historical legal, comparative legal.
Inducing or Facilitating Suicide: Issues of Differentiation of Responsibility and Classification
Authors: Meleshko D. A.
Published: December 2020

The paper analyzes the norm on criminal responsibility for inducing and facilitating suicide (article 110.1), included in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in connection with the expansion of "death groups" in social networks. The author pays special attention to the issues of differentiation of responsibility, calling into question the expediency of fixing in part 1-3 of this article the formal elements of crimes that provide for responsibility for "ineffective" inducement to suicide and assistance in its commission. The ratio between the public danger of inducing suicide and facilitating its commission is analyzed in detail. The author provides examples of the classification of these acts in the aggregate, when their commission does not entail the suicide of the victim or his attempt, and emphasizes the artificial nature of such a combination. The author concludes that it is necessary to refrain from splitting interrelated acts, i.e. inducing suicide and facilitating its commission, into two separate elements of the crime in parts 1 and 2 of the article. As a matter of discussion, the author examines the issue of distinguishing the analyzed acts from inducing them to suicide, and proves the validity of the legislative decision to recognize them as more socially dangerous. A separate consideration in the paper is given to the question of the nature of the determinative relationship in the elements of the "effective" inducement to suicide and assistance in its commission. Contrary to traditional views, it is noted that the acts of the inducing or facilitating a person are a necessary (mandatory) condition for committing suicide, that is, they are in a conditional relationship with it, and not in a causal relationship. When considering the issues of classification, the author reveals the content of the concept of "attempted suicide", while critically evaluating proposals to replace it with a "suicide attempt". Non-obvious elements of the analyzed crimes are indicated (targeting and special purpose), which allow distinguishing them from non-criminal acts. Finally, proposals are formulated to change the criminal law norm
Facility under Construction and Investment in Property Maintenance and Improvement as part of the Joint Property of Spouses: Issues of Object Identification and Choice of Protection Method
Authors: Usacheva E. A.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the paper is to classify the buildings built in marriage and investments made in one of the spouses’ property from the viewpoint of the current system of civil rights objects, to determine the appropriate ways to protect the interests of the spouses arising in connection with these objects. The analysis of the norms of civil and family legislation made it possible to identify the problem of legal insecurity of a spouse’s interest in common joint property when reimbursing expenses incurred in connection with his investments into the other spouse’s property maintenance or improvement. The same is true for the acquisition of ownership rights to a building erected during the marriage on a plot of land owned by the other spouse in the absence of primary registration of the right to it. It is established that a direct application of civil law object classification in determining the composition of marital property subject to division, leading to interdependent loss of efficiency of norms of civil and family law (repaying the action of each other), and deprivation of the indicated interests of a spouse legal protection. It is proved that the protection of the interest in compensation for expenses incurred to improve or maintain the personal property of one of the spouses can only be provided by adding a special norm to the Family Code of the Russian Federation that fixes the legality of this interest and determines the method of its protection. The spouse’s interest in acquiring ownership of a building erected during marriage on a plot of land owned by the other spouse, if the primary ownership of the building is not registered, can only be protected by adapting the principles of real property classification to the regime of common joint property of the spouses by expanding the scope of the exception to the principle of incorporation or by introducing an exception to the principle of superficies solo cedit.
İletişim Biliminin Oluşumunda Pozitivist Epistemolojinin Rolü
Authors: OÇAK Zeliha
Published: December 2020

İletişim bilimi, teknik ve teorik bilginin yakınlaşmasını sağlayan pozitivist epistemolojinin bir sonucudur. Bu yakınlaşma eğiliminin temel motivasyonunu ideal bir toplumsal düzene ulaşma isteği oluşturmaktadır. Fizik biliminde devrim yaratan buluşların etkisi ile 17. yüzyıldan beri insan düşünce ve davranışlarını kontrol etmenin yasalarını oluşturmaya çalışan düşünürlerin teorileri, 20. yüzyılda kitle iletişim araçlarında gerçekleşen gelişme sayesinde uygulamaya yönelik bir hal almıştır. 17. yüzyıldan beri pozitivist epistemolojinin en güvenilir bilgisi olan fizik biliminin, teorinin pratiğe geçmesinde önemli katkıları vardır. Fizik bilimi birçok sosyal bilimler disiplinin oluşumuna etki ettiği gibi, iletişim biliminin oluşumuna da etki etmiştir. 20. yüzyılın başlarında sosyal bilimler disiplinlerini ilişkisel bir şekilde ele alan iletişim bilimi, toplumsal değişimi açıklamaktan ziyade gerçekleştirmek sorunsalına odaklanan bir bilim dalıdır. İletişim bilimine bilimsel meşruluk konusunda getirilen en temel eleştiri, temel bir epistemolojiye sahip olmadığıdır. İlginçtir ki iletişim biliminin oluşumuna etkisi olan pozitivist epistemoloji, bilimsel meşruluk tartışmalarının da konusudur. Bu tartışmanın oluşmasını sağlayan iki temel konu vardır: 1) İletişim disiplinini sosyal bilimler içerisinde pozitivist bir temele oturtma çabası, 2) doğa bilimlerinin felsefi yorumunu yaparken düşülen hatadır. Çalışmada, doğa bilimleri ve sosyal bilimler arasındaki etkileşimi gerçekleştiren pozitivist epistemolojinin, iletişim biliminin oluşumundaki rolü literatür taraması yöntemi ile araştırılacaktır. Bu bağlamda iletişimin biliminin bilimsel meşruiyeti konusundaki tartışmalara yanıt aranacaktır.
Örnek Bir Toplum Oluşturmak İçin Yapılması Gereken Sorumluluklar
Authors: ÖZ Nedim
Published: December 2020

Bu makale, İsra suresi 23-30. ayetleri ve bazı hadisler çerçevesinde örnek bir toplumun oluşturulması için, bireylerin yerine getirmeleri gereken sorumluluklar üzerine teorik bir çalışmayı içermektedir. Buna göre, bireylerin huzur içinde yaşayacakları ideal bir topluma ihtiyaç vardır. Başıboş yaratılmamış olan insan’ın, İslami ve insani bir değer ve erdem olan sorumluluğun gereğini yerine getirmesi beklenir. Dolayısıyla hesap verebilmeyi ifade eden sorumlulukları; Allaha, kişinin kendisine, aile, akraba, yetim ve muhtaçlarla tabiata, yani hayvanlar ve diğer varlıklara karşı sorumluluk tarzında tasnif edip değerlendirmek mümkündür. Bir toplum içerisinde yaşayan insan, o toplumun ideal, örnek toplum haline gelmesi için çaba göstermelidir. Başka bir deyişle ideal bir toplum, nitelikli insanların oluşturacağı bir toplumdur. Söz konusu sorumlulukları ifa eden insan, dışarıdan bir etki olmaksızın, böyle bir toplumun inşası için gayret eder. Bu ise onun dikey (Allah) ve yatay (toplum) olarak ve vicdanen hoşnut olmasına neden olur. Aksi takdirde dünyevi ve uhrevi huzursuzluk yaşaması kaçınılmazdır.
Trabalho Docente com Estatística nos Primeiros Anos de Escolarização: um Estudo de Caso
Authors: Poffo Cíntia , Poffo Possamai Janaína , Da Silva Viviane Clotilde
Published: December 2020

ResumoO letramento estatístico pode ser desenvolvido desde os primeiros anos de escolarização, envolvendo o contexto de brincadeira e de vida. Também, a análise e apresentação de dados que pode tomar como base a perspectiva de organização que as crianças já têm em mente. Nesse contexto, esse trabalho tem como objetivo analisar como é realizado o trabalho com estatística no pré-escolar e no primeiro ano do Ensino Fundamental em um município do interior de SC, com o intuito de, na continuação da pesquisa, desenvolver uma proposta de intervenção do no que se refere ao ensino de estatística, no primeiro ano do Ensino Fundamental. Esse é um estudo do tipo descritivo de análise qualitativa, sendo todos os professores da pré escola e do primeiro ano do ensino fundamental que atuam na rede municipal em questão, entrevistados por meio de um questionário semiestruturado. A análise das entrevistas indica que os professores identificam a necessidade de desenvolver um trabalho que tenha como ponto de partida temáticas de interesse e do cotidiano das crianças. Também evidencia a importância de se conhecer verticalmente o currículo da Educação Infantil e do Ensino Fundamental, de modo a resgatar os conhecimentos prévios e então construir novos, com base nas conexões que as crianças conseguem estabelecer.Palavras-chave: Letramento Estatístico. Prática Docente. Resolução de Problemas.AbstractStatistical literacy can be developed from the first years of schooling, involving the context of play and life, and,the analysis and presentation of data can be based on the organizational perspective that children already have in mind. In this context, this work aims to analyze how work with statistics is carried out in pre-school and in the first year of elementary school in a city in the interior of SC, with the intention of, in the continuation of the research, developing an intervention proposal regarding the teaching of statistics, in the first year of elementary school. This is a descriptive type study of qualitative analysis, with all pre-school and first-year elementary school teachers working in the municipal network in question, interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The analysis of the interviews indicates that the teachers identify the need to develop a work that has as a starting point themes of interest and the daily lives of children. It also highlights the importance of vertically learning the curriculum for Early Childhood Education and Elementary Education, in order to rescue previous knowledge and then build new ideas based on the connections that children are able to establish.Keywords: Statistical Literacy. Teaching Practice. Problem Solving
Assessment of compliance to standard precautions among nurses using the Health Belief Model
Authors: Rusli Noer Triyanto , Mansyur Muchtaruddin , Kekalih Aria , Sulistomo Astrid , Werdhani Retno Asti
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUNDThe application of Standard Precautions (SP) has become a significant challenge for healthcare workers, especially in developing countries, endangering their safety and increasing their exposure to blood-related pathogens. This study was aimed at exploring the factors related to nurses’ compliance with the practice of SP.METHODSA cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 nurses working at a hospital in Palembang. Health Belief Model components of the subjects were recorded through questionnaires. A 12-point observation form assessed the nurses’ SP compliance. Multiple logistic regression models were used to explore factors associated with nurses’ compliance.RESULTSThe results showed that 56.7% of participants had good compliance, although the five moments of hand hygiene still needed to be improved. The study revealed that the proportion of the operating room and emergency room nurses who complied with the SP was larger than the proportion of those who worked at the other wards (OR=2.57, 95% CI 1.51-4.36). The nurses who had received training also showed a larger proportion of compliance with SP than those who had not been trained (OR=2.70, 95% CI 1.07-6.79).CONCLUSIONNurses’ behavior to SP was significantly associated with the adequacy of the training and work unit. It is suggested that the practice of SP was also influenced by enabling factors and subjective norms. Adequate training of nurses, provision of infection prevention equipment, and assessment of occupational exposures need to be introduced.
Having a common ancestor; significance of consanguinity and genetic diseases
Authors: Nelanuthala Madhurasree , Kaur Brahmapreet , Ingale Vinod , Magar Suvarna , Joshi Pradnya
Published: December 2020

Background: Consanguinity is prevalent in India, which is one of the high-risk factors for increased risk of single gene diseases. Global developmental delay is heterogeneous group of genetic diseases which includes chromosomal and single gene diseases. The aim of the study is to determine impact of consanguinity on these 2 groups of diseases.Methods: A retrospective review of children coming to genetic OPD with global developmental delay (GDD) and children who were proven inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) was done. Presence of consanguinity or its absence was noted in all the children in both groups.Results: Out of 194 cases visited to genetic OPD, 103 (54%) of the patients were product of consanguineous marriage and 91 (46%) were product of non-consanguineous marriage. Out of 103 cases born of consanguineous marriage, 59 (57.3%) were GDD and out of 91 children who were born of non-consanguineous, 70 (68.35%) were having GDD. The difference was statistically significant with p value of 0.003. Out of 103 cases which were product of consanguineous marriage 44 (42.7%) were IEMs and out of 91 children who were product of non-consanguineous, 21 (23%) were having IEMs. The difference was statistically significant with p value of 0.004.Conclusions: Genetic drift or founder mutations need to be considered in Indian communities, where small sub-communities are genetically isolated pools and can have distinct genetic diseases belonging to particular communities not having impacted by consanguinity. Consanguinity increases risk of autosomal recessive diseases like inborn errors of metabolism.
Gastric mucosal damage with aspirin: results of experimental models in adult albino rats
Authors: Fayyaz Asma , Samad Afra , Waseem Uzma , Shafique Sadaf , Nasreen Shagufta , Hussain Sadia
Published: December 2020

Background: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the over-the-counter available medicine and are notorious for their potential in causing peptic ulcer disease. Aspirin in used to treat cardiovascular disease and are commonly prescribed medicine.Methods: 24 healthy albino rats of either sex were purchased and kept at controlled in controlled environment. These are mainly divided into the two groups named as group A and group B having 12 rats in each group. 25 gm of the powdered henna was mixed in 250 ml distilled water. Aspirin was used in the dose of 100 mg/kg drug solution is prepared every day before administration. Animals were sacrificed from each group on day 8th and 15th. Macroscopic ulcer was identified and Fibroblast, inflammatory cells, congested blood vessels were counted. SPSS version 21 was used to statistically analyse the data. P value of ≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: aspirin group have more ulcer, congested blood vessels, inflammatory infiltrate and increased number of fibroblasts compared to control. The values were statistically significant with p value less than 0.05.Conclusions: gastric ulcer is quite common and it occur because of the imbalance between protecting and aggravating factors. aspirin is a common offender of gastric ulcer because of its common use.
Healthcare Workers Hospitalized with COVID-19: Outcomes from the Burden of COVID-19 study at the University of Louisville Center of Excellence for Research in Infectious Diseases [CERID]
Authors:   University of Louisville, Carrico Ruth
Published: December 2020

Introduction: On March 6, 2020, the current ongoing pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) also known as COVID-19 reached the commonwealth of Kentucky. Within days the first cases of infection and hospitalization were identified among healthcare workers (HCW) in Kentucky, other states in the U.S., and around the world. There is little information available regarding the impact of COVID-19 on the HCW population within this area. The objective of this study is to describe the baseline characteristics of hospitalized HCWs infected with COVID-19. Methods: Data collection was performed as part of a retrospective study of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in any of nine acute care hospitals in Louisville. COVID-19 infection was confirmed using Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Descriptive statistics were performed on clinical and epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who had indicated healthcare as their occupation. Results: Of the 700 adults hospitalized with COVID-19 from March 7 through July 1, 2020, 23 were HCWs. The mean age was 51 years and 78% were female. The majority of hospitalized HCWs had comorbidities including obesity (70%), hypertension (57%), hyperlipidemia (35%) and diabetes (26%). Common symptoms reported were fever (70%), dyspnea (78%), cough (78%) and fatigue (57%). Nine HCWs (39%) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and 6 (26%) developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Two (9%) patients developed a new, serious arrhythmia, two sustained cardiac arrest (9%), and two (9%) died in-hospital. Conclusions: Older adult HCWs with underlying health conditions such as obesity and hypertension were more likely to be hospitalized and have severe in-hospital complications. One HCW death due to COVID-19 was identified in this small population. These findings can help to identify and strengthen approaches to protect HCWs from SARS-CoV-2 infection and from long term effects of COVID-19.
Pesquisa “Noções nativas de patrimônios musealizados em Belém”
Authors: De Britto Rosangela Marques
Published: December 2020

O artigo apresenta parte da pesquisa “Noções Nativas de Patrimônio Cultural e Ambiental Musealizado no Espaço Urbano de Belém”. A compreensão da noção de patrimônio é polifônica e sua análise parte da noção de atribuição de valor a partir da representação da cultura entre a categoria de ressonância, segundo Gonçalves (2007); e de aderência, segundo Borges e Campos (2012). A pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo a noção nativa de museu e patrimônio a partir da narrativa de diversos grupos sociais, sob a abordagem metodológica da observação participante, diário de campo e uso de imagens fixas e em movimento. Neste artigo propõe-se como referencial a análise da atribuição de valor às entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com duas famílias de moradores (cinco pessoas) situados no entorno do Museu do Forte e do Espaço Cultural Casa das Onze Janelas. O trabalho reflete sobre o uso da imagem num campo de pesquisa interdisciplinar e apresenta o vídeo como campo expandido, estudado nos seus extremos, como processo e produto da pesquisa que versa sobre museu e patrimônio. Neste sentido, apresenta-se a parte inicial do uso do audiovisual (fotografia e vídeo) como processo e produto de uma pesquisa concebida no âmbito interdisciplinar (Antropologia, Museologia, Artes Visuais). Três vídeos documentários estão em processo de criação, dos quais apresenta-se apenas um fragmento do documentário referente ao Espaço Cultural Casa das Onze Janelas e Museu do Forte do Presépio, com as reflexões sobre as noções nativas de museu.
“Brizola: realização, dinamismo, esperança do Rio Grande” — Ingresso, ascensão política e construção de candidatura para as eleições estaduais de 1958
Authors: Alves Samuel Da Silva
Published: December 2020

Este artigo é um recorte de uma pesquisa maior, já finalizada, que tratou da candidatura e campanha eleitoral de Leonel de Moura Brizola ao governo do Rio Grande do Sul em 1958. Nele, busca-se analisar como se deu o ingresso de Brizola na política da experiência democrática (1945-1964), de que forma o mesmo ascendeu no interior da seção gaúcha do PTB e no cenário político sul rio-grandense e quais os meios pelo quais Brizola construiu-se enquanto candidato ao governo estadual para as eleições de 1958. O ponto de partida teórico para esta análise é a teoria do campo político, proposta por Pierre Bourdieu.
The Problems of Functioning of the Public Service as a Social Institution in the Russian Federation
Authors:   Saratov State University, Nemeryuk Evgeniya E. , Romanovskaia Olga A. ,   Saratov State University, Kantemirova Galina A. ,   North Ossetian State University named after K. L. Khetagurov
Published: December 2020

The article examines the main problems of such a social institution`s functioning in the Russian state as a public service. The particular attention is paid to the ethical principles of the state and municipal employees in the context of the administrative ethics. It is noted that one of the problems of the civil service as a social institution in the country is the lack of citizens` awareness of the civil servants` activities results as well as the excessive bureaucratization of the internal activities of public authorities in the country.
The Role of the Multi-Generational Moscow Family in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Sociological Analysis
Authors:   Institute of Socio-Political Research – Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISPR FCTAS RAS), Rostovskaya Tamara K. , Tolmachev Daniil P. ,   Institute of Socio-Political Research – Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISPR FCTAS RAS), Shimanovskaya Yanina V. ,   Russian State Social University
Published: December 2020

As a part of the tasks provided by “The Decree of the President of the Russian Federation” dated 07.05.2018 No. 204 «On National Goals and Strategic Tasks for the Development of the Russian Federation in the Period up to 2024», one of the key directions in modern social research is the study of the life of the older generation in the structure of a multi-generational family. Special attention is paid to the role of the monogamous family in solving the current problems of the modern young family, as well as the upbringing of the younger generation of Russians. In this regard, the analysis of the regional study «The Life of Multi-generational Family in the Conditions of Self-isolation», conducted under the supervision of prof. T. K. Rostovskaya in 2020 in Moscow, is relevant.
On the Application of Social Design in the System of Management of the Institutions of Secondary Education: Statement оf the Problem in the Context of Sociology of Management
Authors:   Ural Institute of Management, Branch of RANEPA, Aleshina Elena V.
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the question of how to apply social design in the management system of secondary education institutions. In theoretical and practical terms, the correct and scientific justification of the problem statement is important not only in the framework of pedagogy, but in the context of management sociology. Today, the inability of schools to systematically adapt to the changes and integrate innovative approaches and technologies into the learning management process is noteworthy. The schools cannot anticipate and plan, in a project form, the directions for solving social problems and contradictions. The absence in the school management the system of models for implementing goals and the lack of the established mechanism for stimulating systemic changes in education are revealed. The main approaches and their relevance, the forms of the structure and possible directions of` the research are denoted. In conclusion, it is stated that social design, namely using the ability to create, implement social projects, that improve the quality of education, create opportunities for the development of the active educational environment, the inclusion of all interested participants in school relationships, personal growth and self development into of management practices – all they are necessary and important for developing and improving the quality of school education.