bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cohort profile: National Diabetes Audit for England and Wales
Authors: Holman Naomi , Knighton Peter , Wild Sarah H. , Sattar Naveed , Dew Chris , Gregg Edward W. , Khunti Kamlesh , Valabhji Jonathan , Young Bob
Published: June 2021

The National Diabetes Audit (NDA) collates and analyses data on the quality and variation in clinical care and outcomes for people with diabetes. It also provides opportunities to assess trends, determinants, and outcomes of diabetes to help guide clinical and public health priorities.

Cohort

Between 1 January 2003 and 31 March 2020, a total of 5,280,885 people diagnosed with diabetes were included in at least one NDA data collection. To this date, median follow‐up was 12 and 8 years for people with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes respectively. Comparisons with the 2019/20 Quality and Outcomes Framework show it included 98% of adults in England and Wales with diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Data include demographic characteristics (age, sex, ethnicity, age at diagnosis, deprivation), risk factors (HbA1c, blood pressure, cholesterol, body mass index, smoking status) diabetic and cardiovascular complications and deaths.

Secondary analysis

Secondary analyses have included comparisons of HbA1c and blood pressure measurements in cohorts with similar characteristics to the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications study and the UK Prospective Diabetes Study; COVID‐19 related mortality in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and incidence of type 2 diabetes following admission to intensive care units.

Future plans

Commissioned NDA reports will continue to inform service development in England and Wales. The same data, with or without linkages to other external datasets, are also a rich resource for clinically orientated research.
Embodied reflections of an able‐bodied disability scholar
Authors: Jammaers Eline
Published: June 2021

This piece is written in liaison with the “writing differently” movement aimed to counter common academic writing through a non‐abstract, biographic, embodied account of 10 years as a female, able‐bodied disability, and gender researcher. The tone of the article is intentionally kept simple, while its form resembles a memoir. One day, I started to think and type about the times my body felt out of place and many months later this resulted in a timeline of “my body estranged.” I warn the reader in advance: there is nothing particularly shocking about these experiences: they are mostly ordinary and privileged. Anyone interested in the ordinariness of semi‐dominant bodies might find the memories relatable. Looking back, one constant bodily ambivalence stands out: loud mind, lips sealed – an abundance of silence and an absence of speaking up. With this writing, I break the silence, in my own voice, a voice free of jargon and abstract vocabulary (Grey & Sinclair, 2006). A voice readable to a broad community and illustrated through ambivalent art work (Figure 1).1

Personal, political but not universal (Ambivalently Yours)

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Stromal cells in tertiary lymphoid structures: Architects of autoimmunity
Authors: Asam Saba , Nayar Saba , Gardner David , Barone Francesca
Published: June 2021

The molecular mediators present within the inflammatory microenvironment are able, in certain conditions, to favor the initiation of tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) development. TLS is organized lymphocyte clusters able to support antigen‐specific immune response in non‐immune organs. Importantly, chronic inflammation does not always result in TLS formation; instead, TLS has been observed to develop specifically in permissive organs, suggesting the presence of tissue‐specific cues that are able to imprint the immune responses and form TLS hubs. Fibroblasts are tissue‐resident cells that define the anatomy and function of a specific tissue. Fibroblast plasticity and specialization in inflammatory conditions have recently been unraveled in both immune and non‐immune organs revealing a critical role for these structural cells in human physiology. Here, we describe the role of fibroblasts in the context of TLS formation and its functional maintenance in the tissue, highlighting their potential role as therapeutic disease targets in TLS‐associated diseases.
Being a good witness: The roles of benevolence and working memory capacity in rapport’s effect on eyewitness memory
Authors: Carol Rolando N. , Kieckhaefer Jenna M. , Johnson Joy , Peek Jillian , Schreiber Compo Nadja
Published: June 2021

Prior studies suggest that building rapport with eyewitnesses can produce measurable recall improvements, but the underlying mechanisms of rapport’s possible effects on recall remain underexplored. The present study investigated two possible mechanisms for rapport’s impact: (1) improved working memory capacity and (2) increased benevolence. Participants (N = 105) viewed a mock theft video, followed by one of two possible pre‐interview interactions: rapport‐building or a control interaction. Next, participants completed measures of working memory, altruism, and benevolence (pre‐interview and post‐interview), before recalling details of the theft. Analyses revealed that, when controlling for the effects of the interaction duration and participants’ pre‐ and post‐interview benevolence, rapport did not affect eyewitness recall directly. However, rapport building did increase benevolence measured after and associated with the substantive eyewitness interview, which in turn predicted more accurate and new details reported, and fewer subjective/other details reported. These findings support benevolence toward the interviewer as a mechanism behind rapport’s effect on eyewitness recall. Implications for investigative interviews in relation to benevolence and motivating reciprocation are discussed.
Naa10p and IKKα interaction regulates EMT in oral squamous cell carcinoma via TGF‐β1/Smad pathway
Authors: Lv Sai , Luo Ting , Yang Yongyong , Li Yuqing , Yang Jie , Xu Jiang , Zheng Jun , Zeng Yan
Published: June 2021

Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been contributed to increase migration and invasion of cancer cells. However, the correlate of Naa10p and IKKα with EMT in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is not yet fully understood. In our present study, we found N‐α‐acetyltransferase 10 protein (Naa10p) and IκB kinase α (IKKα) were abnormally abundant in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Bioinformatic results indicate that the expression of Naa10p and IKKα is correlated with TGF‐β1/Smad and EMT‐related molecules. The Transwell migration, invasion, qRT‐PCR and Western blot assay indicated that Naa10p repressed OSCC cell migration, invasion and EMT, whereas IKKα promoted TGF‐β1–mediated OSCC cell migration, invasion and EMT. Mechanistically, Naa10p inhibited IKKα activation of Smad3 through the interaction with IKKα directly in OSCC cells after TGF‐β1 stimulation. Notably, knockdown of Naa10p reversed the IKKα‐induced change in the migration, invasion and EMT‐related molecules in OSCC cells after TGF‐β1 stimulation. These findings suggest that Naa10p interacted with IKKα mediates EMT in OSCC cells through TGF‐β1/Smad, a novel pathway for preventing OSCC.
24 hour polymerization shrinkage of resin composite core materials
Authors: Taylor Robert , Fuentealba Rodrigo , Brackett William W. , Roberts Howard W.
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The study's purpose was to evaluate the 24‐hour polymerization shrinkage of resin composite core materials.

Material and methods

Eleven resin composite core material samples (n = 12) were evaluated using a non‐contact imaging device with measurements obtained over 24 h. Shrinkage values were determined corresponding to proposed times involved with CAD/CAM same‐day treatment and at 24 h. Shrinkage data was statistically compared using Friedman/Dunn's test for intragroup analysis and Kruskal Wallis/Dunn's test for intergroup analysis, all at a 95% level of confidence (α = 0.05).

Results

Mean results identified a wide volumetric shrinkage range with considerable similarity overlap. Inconsistent shrinkage behavior was evident and all materials reached maximum values before 24 h. No significant difference was observed during proposed digital same day all ceramic crown procedures, but some differences were noted at 24 h.

Conclusions

Under this study's conditions results were material specific, at times inconsistent, with wide variation. Shrinkage consistently increased for all products and it is not known if the continued shrinkage magnitude may compromise the stability and fit of all‐ceramic crowns at 24 h.
Effect of different fabrication steps on color and translucency of a CAD‐CAM feldspathic ceramic
Authors: Sampaio Camila S. , Belfus Joyce , Avila Anai , Cordero Carla , Freitte Maria , Ferrari Vanina , Atria Pablo J. , Jorquera Gilbert
Published: June 2021

Objective

To evaluate color differences (ΔE) of different fabrication steps performed on a feldspathic ceramic and relative translucency parameter (RTP) after glazing; and to evaluate their effects on the color parameters: L*, a* and b*.

Material and Methods

Computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD‐CAM) feldspathic maxillary right central incisor ceramic crowns (Cerec Blocs; 1.4 mm thickness) were fabricated through scanning a model preparation and milling. A total of 20 specimens were used and different parameters were compared with each other for color difference (ΔE): original block, milling, polishing, glazing and try‐in cements; RTP was measured after glazing. Color parameters (L*, a*, and b*) were evaluated after each step with a spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade V) and compared using the CIEDE2000 formula. Statistical analyses were done using one‐way ANOVA and post‐hoc tests.

Results

The highest ΔE value was observed for Original versus Milling group (4.73) and the lowest for Polishing versus Glazing (0.49). RTP after glazing presented a value of 12.01. L*, a*, and b* parameters were different among groups. Milling group was the one that presented more differences compared to the Original block regarding L*, a*, and b* parameters.

Conclusions

Different fabrication steps resulted in perceptible color differences within themselves, and L*, a*, and b* parameters changed according to each step. All milling specimens presented unacceptable color differences when compared to the other steps, and milling specimens showed all color parameters (L*, a*, and b*) statistically different compared to the Original block. A high RTP value was observed, demonstrating that, at 1.4 mm thickness, the feldspathic ceramic presented high translucency, showing that opacification of substrate might be necessary.

Clinical Significance

Different fabrication steps can greatly affect the optical properties of the feldspathic ceramic restoration studied and cause a relevant impact when compared to the ceramic block itself. Crowns evaluated right after milling presented the highest color differences. In order to obtain optical properties as close as possible to the original feldspathic ceramic block, either polishing or polishing and glazing needs to be performed.
Feeding habitat and silvering stage affect lipid content and fatty acid composition of European eel Anguilla anguilla tissues
Authors: Parzanini Camilla , Arts Michael T. , Rohtla Mehis , Koprivnikar Janet , Power Michael , Skiftesvik Anne Berit , Browman Howard I. , Milotic Dino , Durif Caroline M. F.
Published: June 2021

Lipids, particularly fatty acids (FAs), are major sources of energy and nutrients in aquatic ecosystems and play key roles during vertebrate development. The European eel Anguilla anguilla goes through major biochemical and physiological changes throughout its lifecycle as it inhabits sea‐ (SW), and/or brackish‐ (BW) and/or freshwater (FW) habitats. With the ultimate goal being to understand the reasons for eels adopting a certain life history strategy (FW or SW residency vs. ‘habitat shifting’), we explored differences in lipid content and FA composition of muscle, liver and eyes from eels collected across Norwegian SW, BW and FW habitats, and at different lifecycle stages (yellow to silver). FW and SW eels had a higher lipid content overall compared to BW eels, reflecting differences in food availability and life history strategies. SW eels had higher proportions of certain monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs; 18:1n‐9, 20:1n‐9), and of the essential polyunsaturated FAs 20:5n‐3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA) and 22:6n‐3 (docosahexaenoic acid) than FW eels, reflecting a marine‐based diet. In contrast, the muscle of FW eels had higher proportions of 18:3n‐3, 18:2n‐6 and 20:4n‐6 (arachidonic acid), as is typical of FW organisms. MUFA proportions increased in later stage eels, consistent with the hypothesis that the eels accumulate energy stores prior to migration. In addition, the decrease of EPA with advancing stage may be associated with the critical role that this FA plays in eel sexual development. Lipid and FA information provided further understanding of the habitat use and overall ecology of this critically endangered species.
Allopregnanolone: An overview on its synthesis and effects
Authors: Diviccaro Silvia , Cioffi Lucia , Falvo Eva , Giatti Silvia , Melcangi Roberto Cosimo
Published: June 2021

Allopregnanolone, a 3α,5α‐progesterone metabolite, acts as a potent allosteric modulator of the γ‐aminobutyric acid type A receptor. In the present review, the synthesis of this neuroactive steroid occurring in the nervous system is discussed with respect to physiological and pathological conditions. In addition, its physiological and neuroprotective effects are also reported. Interestingly, the levels of this neuroactive steroid, as well as its effects, are sex‐dimorphic, suggesting a possible gender medicine based on this neuroactive steroid for neurological disorders. However, allopregnanolone presents low bioavailability and extensive hepatic metabolism, limiting its use as a drug. Therefore, synthetic analogues or a different therapeutic strategy able to increase allopregnanolone levels have been proposed to overcome any pharmacokinetic issues.
Evaluation of changes in skin characteristics due to the poor quality of sleep caused by smartphone usage
Authors: Jang Sue Im , Jung Yuchul , Lee Myeongryeol , Kim Jinsol , Kim Beom Joon , Suh Byung‐Fhy , Kim Eunjoo
Published: June 2021

Background

Blue wavelengths are thought to have an effect on circadian rhythms. Using a smartphone, which emits a 453 nm blue light, can worsen the quality of sleep.

Aims

To study the skin changes caused by poor sleep quality induced by smartphone usage.

Methods

The participants were 22 Korean women aged 20–39 years, with no sleep problems and a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score of <5. The participants used a smartphone for 2 h before normal sleep hours. The measurement points were as follows: after a good sleep (D0), after bad sleep day 1 (D1), after bad sleep day 3 (D3), and after bad sleep day 7 (D7). The sleep time, wake‐up time, shallow sleep rate, and sleeping time duration were recorded using a smartwatch.

Results

The quality of their sleep deteriorated. The average time of falling asleep extended to 2 a.m., which was about 34 min later. Additionally, their skin moisture content decreased, and sebum content increased. Skin desquamation was increased, and skin gloss, transparency, and elasticity decreased mainly on the skin surface.

Conclusions

Sleep quality decreases with smartphone usage among people who do not usually use their smartphones before going to sleep and do not have any sleep problems. The results showed significant changes in skin optics and surface properties when the quality of sleep was degraded for 7 days.
What is and what ought to be: A meta‐synthesis of residential aged care staffs’ perspectives on quality care
Authors: Garratt Stephanie M. , Kosowicz Leona , Gilbert Andrew S. , Dow Briony , Ostaszkiewicz Joan
Published: June 2021

Background

As places of both residence and work, what constitutes “good quality care” in residential aged care requires consideration of staffs’ perspectives.

Objective

A meta‐synthesis of the qualitative literature was conducted exploring residential aged care staff perspectives on “quality of care.”

Methods

Six electronic databases were searched for articles that met the screening inclusion criteria. This meta‐synthesis was informed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, and included studies were critically appraised using JBI SUMARI. Two independent reviewers conducted thematic network mapping and analysis of included articles, with oversight from three additional reviewers.

Results

Forty‐seven articles were included, with findings summarised into four organising themes and nine basic themes. The four organising themes about quality care from staff perspectives include direct care, professional values and competence, the care environment and organisational/regulatory factors.

Conclusion

Staff describe a wide range of factors that they perceived to influence the quality of care. Some may feel motivated to leave employment in aged care, due to organisational pressures that make staff unable to uphold what they perceive as an acceptable standard of care. There is tension between professional values and organisation/regulatory factors—regulation should be enacted at a level that supports good practice and staff's moral integrity.

Relevance to clinical practice

This review found that while person‐centred care is now well established as the benchmark of quality care in residential aged care homes, achieving it in reality remains challenged by limitations on staff members’ time, resources and sometimes their competencies and the regularity of their employment.
Socializing justice: The interface of just world beliefs and legal socialization
Authors: Thomas Kendra J. , Theodoro Renan , Komatsu Andre V
Published: June 2021

One of the pillars of legal socialization theory is how non‐legal contexts shape the legitimacy of and compliance with laws. Yet there is little longitudinal evidence establishing the interface mechanism between these spheres. The purpose of this research was to demonstrate how youths’ beliefs in a just world (BJW) can help explain the transmission between the justice of non‐legal authorities (parents and schools) and law legitimacy and rule violating behavior (RVB). We utilized two waves of longitudinal data from adolescents at ages 13 and 14 (N = 680) in the São Paulo Legal Socialization Study. Structural equation modeling revealed a good fit to the tested model that parental procedural justice and school justice predict both personal and general BJW, and these predict law legitimacy evaluations 1 year later. General and personal BJW also had an indirect effect on RVB over the following year via law legitimacy. The results suggest that non‐legal authorities may influence law legitimacy not through a direct projection (which was not significant), but through an indirect process of worldview construction. Legal socialization and just world belief research can converge to help explain the interface between non‐legal and legal spheres of authority.
Weekly and seasonal variation in the circadian melatonin rhythm in humans: Entrained to local clock time, social time, light exposure or sun time?
Authors: Skeldon Anne C. , Dijk Derk‐Jan
Published: June 2021

A recent elegant study published in this journal (Zerbini, Winnebeck & Merrow, J Pineal Res, e12723, 2021) reported data on weekly and seasonal changes in circadian timing, as assessed by the melatonin rhythm in dim light in a population that was exposed to a change from standard time to day light saving time. The authors highlight a one hour earlier timing of melatonin onset in summer compared with winter and a 20 minutes delay on work‐free days compared with work days. The variations in the timing of the melatonin rhythm are reported in standard time and the authors imply that the data are consistent with synchronization to midday and that “we know that humans entrain to sun time.” Here, we show that their extensive data are most parsimoniously explained by entrainment to local clock time and associated light exposure rather than “sun time,” indexed by either dawn or midday.
Control ofSalmonellaDublin in a bovine dairy herd
Authors: Kent Emily , Okafor Chika , Caldwell Marc , Walker Tate , Whitlock Brian , Lear Andrea
Published: June 2021

Salmonella entericaserovar Dublin (S. Dublin) was diagnosed in a dairy herd after signs of acute gastroenteritis and sepsis. Two hundred eighty‐three Holstein cattle were sampled resulting in 700 observations, and serology forS. Dublin was performed. Holstein cattle sampled were divided by origin and arrival date to determine on‐farm exposure. Prevalence estimates were calculated and compared with control measures implemented on the dairy during the outbreak. One group of cows, presumed to be the original carrier animals, had the highest overall seroprevalence (76.5%). Seroprevalence decreased throughout the study, coinciding with testing and management changes. This report documents biosecurity measures that identifiedS. Dublin after the purchase of subclinical carrier cattle and the steps taken to successfully control herd transmission.
Hepatitis C elimination in Sweden: Progress, challenges and opportunities for growth in the time of COVID‐19
Authors: Blach Sarah , Blomé Marianne , Duberg Ann‐Sofi , Jerkeman Anna , Kåberg Martin , Klasa Per‐Erik , Lagging Martin , Razavi‐Shearer Devin , Razavi Homie , Aleman Soo
Published: June 2021

Background & Aims

In 2014, the burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Sweden was evaluated, to establish a baseline and inform public health interventions. Considering the changing landscape of HCV treatment, prevention, and care, and in light of the COVID‐19 pandemic, this analysis seeks to evaluate Sweden's progress towards the World Health Organization (WHO) elimination targets and identify remaining barriers.

Methods

The data used for modelling HCV transmission and disease burden in Sweden were obtained through literature review, unpublished sources and expert input. A dynamic Markov model was employed to forecast population sizes and incidence of HCV through 2030. Two scenarios (‘2019 Base’ and ‘WHO Targets’) were developed to evaluate Sweden's progress towards HCV elimination.

Results

At the beginning of 2019, there were 29 700 (95% uncertainty interval: 19 300‐33 700) viremic infections in Sweden. Under the base scenario, Sweden would achieve and exceed the WHO targets for diagnosis, treatment and liver‐related death. However, new infections would decrease by less than 10%, relative to 2015. Achieving all WHO targets by 2030 would require (i) expanding harm reduction programmes to reach more than 90% of people who inject drugs (PWID) and (ii) treating 90% of HCV + PWID engaged in harm reduction programmes and ≥7% of PWID not involved in harm reduction programmes, annually by 2025.

Conclusions

It is of utmost importance that Sweden, and all countries, find sustainability in HCV programmes by broadening the setting and base of providers to provide stability and continuity of care during turbulent times.
Coexistence of onychomycosis and nail psoriasis and its correlation with systemic treatment
Authors: Grynszpan Rachel , Barreiros Gloria , do Nascimento Paixão Marilene , Frasnelli Fernandes Mariana , Aguinaga Felipe , Camargo Cláudia , Ramos‐e‐Silva Marcia , Carneiro Sueli
Published: June 2021

Background

Epidemiological studies indicate that onychomycosis may affect up to 79% of psoriatic patients. Onychomycosis in psoriatic patients is more commonly caused by yeasts comparing with non‐psoriatic.

Objectives

Evaluate the prevalence of fungi in nail psoriasis. Evaluate the association between direct mycological examination (DME) and mycological culture, Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI) and systemic treatment for psoriasis.

Methods

Of 133 nails from 20 patients with nail psoriasis were evaluated as follows: 9 patients were using topical treatment and 11 were on systemic treatment. The assessment of psoriasis severity using NAPSI was performed in all psoriatic nails. The presence of fungi was confirmed in DME and culture.

Results

DME showed the presence of fungal elements in 45 nails (33.83%) with a predominance of blastoconidia (95.5%) No septate hyphae were seen. Mycological culture was positive in 36 (27.06%) samples. Among them, Candida grew in 31 (86.1%):Candida parapsilosisin 15 (48.38%),Candidaspp in 14 (45.16%). No growth of dermatophytes was observed. Patients with systemic treatment showed a higher frequency of positive test (DME and culture) for fungi when compared to topic treatment (p:.006). There was a positive correlation between NAPSI, mycological culture and systemic treatment (p:.0063); the risk was four times higher (OR:4.0).

Limitation of the study

Sample size.

Conclusion

These results are consistent with some previous reports, Candida was the fungus with higher frequency on the psoriatic nails, however, the role of these fungi is controversial (contamination x colonisation x infection). The fact that the immunosuppressive treatment increases the chance of fungal infection leads us to a greater attention to this patient profile, to prevent the intensification of nail psoriasis (Köbner phenomenon).
How plants get round problems: new insights into the root obstacle avoidance response
Authors: Del Bianco Marta , Kepinski Stefan
Published: June 2021

This article is a Commentary on Jacobsen et al. (2021), 231: 225–242.
Novel recurrence risk stratification of odontogenic keratocysts: A systematic review
Authors: Titinchi Fadi
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to identify all clinical, radiological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features associated with recurrence of odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) in the literature and formulate a recurrence risk stratification based on these findings. A search was performed in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Cochrane databases for clinical and laboratory studies reporting on clinico‐pathological features that led to OKC recurrences for the period 2000 to 2020. Twenty‐three studies were identified and analyzed qualitatively. A total of 2064 OKCs were included of which 439 OKCs were recurrent with a mean follow‐up period of 46.7 months. Significantly associated parameters with OKC recurrence included age (variable age categories), large (>4 cm), multilocular lesions with cortical perforation, association with dentition, presence of daughter cysts, and epithelial budding. Immunohistochemical markers including high Ki67 index and AgNOR count were also implicated. A recurrence risk stratification was formulated based on these findings. Although the level of evidence from the included studies was low, there was considerable evidence that the clinico‐pathological parameters identified were linked with higher OKC recurrence. The surgeon, radiologist, and pathologist should aim to identify these features when making a diagnosis so as to determine the appropriate management regime and prevent recurrences.
Expression profile and bioinformatics analysis of circular RNAs in tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Zexi , Jie Yinghui , Qiu Zailing , Zhang Mi , Shi Bin , Zhu Xiaofeng , Chen Jiang
Published: June 2021

Objective

This study was designed to identify the role of circRNAs in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) and discover novel circRNAs as potential diagnostic or therapeutic targets for TSCC.

Results

The circRNA expression profiles in TSCC were evaluated by high‐throughput sequencing in 6 TSCC patients. Our data showed that 69 circRNAs were downregulated and 208 were upregulated significantly (fold change ≥2.0; p < 0.05). GO and KEGG analysis demonstrated that the parental genes of differentially expressed circRNAs were potentially implicated in TSCC pathogenesis. After bioinformatics analysis, 4 circRNAs (hsa_circ_0005035, hsa_circ_0002360, hsa_circ_0066251, and hsa_circ_0003161) were selected and successfully validated by quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) in 40 patients and 3 TSCC cell lines. The establishment and analysis of the circRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA network revealed the potential function and mechanism of these candidate circRNAs.

Conclusion

Our study provided a comprehensive circRNAs expression profile of TSCC by RNA‐seq and discovered 4 novel circRNAs with potential great diagnostic and therapeutic value. These findings provide new insights into the development of potential biomarkers and targets for TSCC treatment.
Treatment of pruritus with botulinum toxin in a pediatric patient with Fox‐Fordyce disease
Authors: Klager Skylar , Kumar Monique Gupta
Published: June 2021

Fox‐Fordyce disease is a chronic pruritic disorder of apocrine sweat glands that is often associated with significantly decreased quality of life. With no definitive cure, affected patients are often treated with topical corticosteroids as first‐line therapy, but evidence for treatment of refractory cases is limited. We present an adolescent with Fox‐Fordyce disease successfully treated for symptomatic relief with botulinum toxin type A injections. While previously reported in an adult patient, we detail the efficacy of this therapy in a pediatric patient.
Cover Image
Authors: Hu Zi‐Min , Shan Ti‐Feng , Zhang Jie , Zhang Quan‐Sheng , Critchley Alan T. , Choi Han‐Gil , Yotsukura Norishige , Liu Fu‐Li , Duan De‐Lin
Published: June 2021

The cover image is based on the Review Article Kelp aquaculture in China: A retrospective and future prospects by Zi‐Min Hu et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12524.

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Evaluation of a new causal chain model for predicting embedded psychosocial and behavioral relationships in a community‐based obesity treatment seeking maintained weight loss
Authors: Annesi James J. , Walsh Stephanie M.
Published: June 2021

A new causal chain model positing theory‐ and research‐based interrelationships among psychosocial and behavioral variables leading to weight loss and its maintenance was assessed. Two samples of women participating in community‐based cognitive‐behavioral obesity treatments were assessed over either 6 months (weight loss phase; N = 103), or additionally including Months 6–12 (weight‐loss maintenance phase; N = 101). Analyses first evaluated whether baseline physical, demographic, behavioral (physical activity, fruit/vegetable intake), and/or psychosocial (self‐regulation, self‐efficacy, negative mood) variables significantly predicted weight change. Further analyses assessed whether changes in model‐based behavioral and psychosocial variables significantly differed by groupings of participants based on their short‐term weight loss and weight‐loss maintenance/further loss. The predictive value of changes in the psychosocial variables on behavioral changes was next assessed, also accounting for group. Finally, mediation, moderation, and moderated mediation analyses tested proposed causal chain‐based interrelationships among variables. Of the 12 variables assessed at baseline, only weight was inversely associated with lost weight, and only fruit/vegetable intake was positively associated with effects during the weight‐loss maintenance phase. Overall improvements in behavioral and psychosocial variables were significantly greater in participant groupings with better weight loss and weight‐loss maintenance results. Changes in self‐regulation, self‐efficacy, and mood significantly predicted the weight‐loss behavior changes, unaffected by group. Results from the five mediation, moderation, and moderated mediation analyses supported hypotheses based on the new causal chain model. The field testing indicated adequacy of the new causal chain model and informed architectures of behavioral obesity treatments concerned with long‐term reductions in excess weight.
Bayesian explorations with dice
Authors: Berg Arthur
Published: June 2021

The topic of Bayesian updating is explored using standard and non‐standard dice as an intuitive and motivating model. Details of calculating posterior probabilities for a discrete distribution are provided, offering a different view to P‐values. This article also includes the stars and bars counting technique, a powerful method of counting that is accessible to students who have been introduced to permutations and combinations. Supportive R code is included throughout, and a Shiny application accompanies the article allowing for an interactive exploration of the topics discussed.
Transnational spaces of education as infrastructures of im/mobility
Authors: Kleibert Jana M.
Published: June 2021

How do transnational education and international student mobilities intersect? Drawing on geographical literatures on knowledge mobilities and migration infrastructures, offshore campuses are conceptualised as infrastructures of im/mobilities, which are simultaneously embedded within global networks and situated within regional migration regimes. Based on qualitative research on offshore campuses in Southeast Asia, I presents a systematic typology of how offshore campuses and international student mobilities intersect. It is shown how mobile universities play a complex and situated role in reconfiguring international student mobilities and how their material and discursive spaces are sites of circulation and containment. By developing an infrastructures perspective that takes universities as brokers and campuses as the sites of brokerage into consideration, the study advances geographical knowledge on globalising education and mobilities.
Not a crystal ball: Mapping opportunities and threats for the future demand of red blood cells in the Netherlands using a scenario approach
Authors: Langi Sasongko Praiseldy , van den Hurk Katja , van Kraaij Marian , Rouwette Etiënne A. J. A. , Marchau Vincent A. W. J. , Janssen Mart P.
Published: June 2021

Background

As Western blood transfusion practices are changing, there is interest and need in anticipating the future demand of blood products and how a blood establishment can actively prepare for various long‐term developments. This article provides an overview of how a scenario approach was used to prioritize key categories of drivers for the future demand of red blood cells and the organizational implications thereof for Sanquin, the Dutch national blood establishment.

Study Design and Methods

Based on previously identified drivers from interviews and a literature review (Step 1), we conducted scenario sessions and a survey to rank a list of drivers (“themes”) with its related opportunities and threats (Step 2), to identify mitigating measures per theme through focus groups (Step 3).

Results

In Step 2, 10 themes were found that were classified in terms of importance and uncertainty. These were plotted on a two‐dimensional graph with an ellipse to indicate the interquartile ranges per theme. Experts rated the top three most important themes to be the blood supply organization, precision medicine, and red blood cell replacements. In Step 3, focus groups identified specific mitigating measures per theme. These measures had parallel ideas, such as the need for an innovative mentality, internal and external communication and collaboration, and building Sanquin's reputation and trust with the public.

Conclusion

Having identified the most important themes with suggestions for mitigating measures, Sanquin can take steps to become adaptive and proactive. Other blood establishments may also use a scenario approach to create contextualized long‐term strategies.
Digital Archaeology Archives in Portugal
Authors: Botica Natália
Published: June 2021

Archaeology produces large quantities of data, much of it already in a born-digital format. The preservation of these data is vital, as they result from unrepeatable actions, and access to and sharing of these data are the engine of research activities and knowledge development. The creation of archaeological data repositories, in addition to safeguarding data, is a valuable step in supporting research, but it requires a series of work processes, namely data standardisation and use of common nomenclatures, so published data are findable and reusable.

The creation of an archaeological data repository for Portugal is a fundamental requirement. It would allow the safeguarding of data resulting from archaeological fieldwork, along with those resulting from research, making them findable, accessible and liable to be used in future research or even to be re-analysed using new technologies and tools. This article presents the evolution of the digitisation of archaeological information in Portugal, the responsibilities for its production and safeguarding, as well as the steps to be followed for its availability in a data repository.
Digitisation and Data Management of Archaeological Heritage in Serbia (1991-2020)
Authors: Šegan-Radonjić Marija , Tapavički-Ilić Milica
Published: June 2021

In the Republic of Serbia, digitisation of cultural heritage was recognised as a segment of cultural development, while the digitisation process is understood as part of a complex system of managing cultural heritage in institutions of protection, such as museums, institutes for the protection of cultural heritage etc. By focusing on the issue of electronic/digital archaeological heritage management in Serbia's institutes for protection, this article briefly describes the national framework of archaeology in the country and presents some crucial moments in the journey towards digitisation and electronic management of archaeological heritage in Serbia since the 1990s. It also discusses recent efforts by the Ministry of Culture and Information in terms of regulating the procedure of cultural heritage digitisation and establishing a common information system. Finally, it identifies current challenges in archaeological data management in cultural heritage institutions and briefly discusses possible future scenarios.
Archiving of Archaeological Digital Datasets in Slovenia: historic context and current practice
Authors: Štular Benjamin
Published: June 2021

This article presents the archiving of archaeological digital datasets in Slovenia in its historic context. The datasets discussed have been separated into three categories: non-reproducible datasets, reproducible datasets, and registries. Several reproducible datasets created by ZRC SAZU have been freely available online since the early 2000s, but the number of users is small and those benefiting often do not adhere to clearly stated copyright limitations. There is a large discrepancy between the stated interest and the actual usage of reproducible, let alone non-reproducible, online datasets disseminated as open access. In addition, adherence to fair use cannot be expected unless enforced. The key outcome of this study is that it has exposed a total absence of systemic archiving practice for non-reproducible digital datasets. The article concludes with recommendations and next steps that could be taken to address these issues in future. First and foremost, a systemic approach to digital archiving is urgently needed if the irreversible damage to the decades worth of born-digital non-reproducible digital data is to be averted.
Red Sky at Night: digital archiving in England 2020
Authors: Tsang Claire
Published: June 2021

Across Europe, countries are at different stages of dealing with digital archaeological archives and how those archives are dealt with is affected by differences in statutory requirements, legal ownership of archives and infrastructure. In England, there is no single national repository for archaeological archives and there is no legal requirement to deposit either physical or digital archives with public bodies, and deposition rates for digital remain low. The archaeological sector remains aware of the implications of producing ever-growing quantities of born-digital data, which interested parties are attempting to address. The current framework and situation regarding digital archiving in England, therefore, offers an interesting case study for how digital archiving is dealt with through the application of professional standards, rather than legislative requirements.

This article aims to summarise the current situation regarding digital archaeological archives in England. Across the UK there has been a great deal of work and focus on archaeological archives, driven by two main factors: archaeological archives are curated by a network of regional and local museums and currently resources are shrinking in terms of storage capacity and archaeological curators. Repositories for physical archives can therefore be ill-prepared for the curation of digital archaeological archives, which can risk loss of archaeological digital data, and in 2017 this was recognised within the UK government's Mendoza Review. This article describes the current work to resolve these issues - including strengthening the planning process, providing standards and guidance for data creators and repositories.
Peritrematal variations in Caligonella haddadi Bagheri & Maleki (Acariformes: Caligonellidae)
Authors: Doğan Salih , Doğan Sibel , Kabasakal Burcu
Published: June 2021

Peritreme is a groove, a gutter, or a segmented structure consisting of connected chambers on the surface connecting to a stigmatal opening. In the family Caligonellidae, peritremes are composed of interconnected chambers on the dorsal surface of the stylophore, and the peritrematal arrangement and configuration are used to recognize the genera within Caligonellidae. This study reports the presence of intraspecific peritrematal variations in some adult female specimens of Caligonella haddadi Bagheri & Maleki collected from Turkey. In the species, any variations have not been previously reported. This is the first time that the variations in arrangements and shapes of peritremes of C. haddadi have been recorded.
A Pilot Study of a Parent-Mediated, Web-Based Motor Skill Intervention for Children With Down Syndrome: Project SKIP
Authors: Young Amanda , Healy Seán , Silliman-French Lisa , Brian Ali
Published: June 2021

To inform the development of scalable and sustainable fundamental motor skill interventions for children with Down syndrome, this study examined the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of Project Skill Intervention Implemented by Parents (Project SKIP), a web-based, parent-mediated intervention intended to improve ball skills among children with Down syndrome. Twenty-four families enrolled in the study (including 13 boys and 11 girls; Mage = 4.92). Fourteen children were assigned to an experimental group and participated in the 6-week intervention, and 10 children served as the inactive comparison group. The Test of Gross Motor Development-3 was administered preintervention and postintervention. In addition, parents of children in the experimental group completed a postintervention survey to assess their perceptions of Project SKIP. Following the intervention, there was a significant improvement in ball skills (p = .023, d = 0.86) for children in the experimental group, whereas the comparison group did not show significant improvement. Moreover, parents perceived Project SKIP to be feasible and effective; all parents reported being satisfied with their overall experience in the program, and 11 parents indicated that their child’s fundamental motor skills were positively influenced by the intervention. Engagement was high, with the majority of parents (n = 8, 57%) interacting with Project SKIP content three to four times a week.
Respiratory syncytial virus induces β
2
-adrenergic receptor dysfunction in human airway smooth muscle cells
Authors: Harford Terri J. , Rezaee Fariba , Gupta Manveen K. , Bokun Vladimir , Naga Prasad Sathyamangla V. , Piedimonte Giovanni
Published: June 2021

RSV infection may reduce the efficacy of bronchodilators by dysregulating β
2
-adrenergic receptor location, abundance, and function.
Mutations in the adenovirus major late promoter: effects on viability and transcription during infection
Authors: Brunet L J , Babiss L E , Young C S , Mills D R
Published: June 2021

We developed an experimental system to examine the effects of mutations in the adenovirus major late promoter in its correct genomic location during a productive infection. A virus was constructed whose genome could be digested to give a rightward terminal DNA fragment extending from the XhoI site at 22.9 map units, which can be ligated or recombined with plasmid DNA containing adenovirus sequences extending from 0 to 22.9 or 26.5 map units, respectively. Mutations were made by bisulfite mutagenesis in the region between base pairs -52 and -12 with respect to the cap site at +1 and transferred to the appropriate plasmids for viral reconstruction. Of 19 mutant plasmid sequences containing single or multiple G-to-A transitions, 14 could be placed in the viral genome with no apparent change in phenotype. These mutant sequences included those which contained four transitions in the string of G residues immediately downstream of the TATA box. There were no alterations in rates of transcription from the major late promoter, sites of transcription initiation, or steady-state levels of late mRNAs. All of the five mutant sequences which could not be placed in virus contained multiple transitions both up- and downstream of the TATA box. Two of these apparently lethal mutant sequences were used in promoter fusion experiments to test their ability to promote transcription of rabbit beta-globin sequences placed in the dispensable E1 region of the virus. Both sequences showed diminished ability compared with wild-type sequences to promote transcription in this context. Comparisons between these two sequences and the viable mutant sequences suggest a role for the string of G residues located between -38 and -33 in promoting transcription from the major late promoter. The data as a whole also demonstrate that the specific nucleotide sequence of this region of the major late promoter, which overlaps transcription elements of the divergent IVa2 transcription unit and coding sequences of the adenovirus DNA polymerase, is not rigidly constrained but can mutate extensively without loss of these several functions.