bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemanfaatan Citra Landsat 8 Multitemporal dan Model Forest Canopy Density (FCD) untuk Analisis Perubahan Kerapatan Kanopi Hutan di Kawasan Fakultas Geografi Universitas Gadjah Mada Gunung Kelud, Jawa Timur
Authors: Himayah Shafira , Hartono Hartono , Danoedoro Projo
Published: May 2017

Penginderaan jauh memiliki keunggulan dalam hal resolusi temporal yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk meneliti perubahan suatu obyek dalam waktu yang berbeda. Hutan Gunung Kelud mengalami perubahan setelah erupsi tahun 2014. Perubahan tersebut dapat dianalisis dengan memanfaatkan teknologi penginderaan jauh melalui citra multitemporal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kemampuan citra Landsat 8 multitemporal dan Forest Canopy Density (FCD) untuk perubahan kerapatan kanopi di Hutan Lindung Gunung Kelud sebelum dan sesudah erupsi tahun 2014.Citra penginderaan jauh yang digunakan adalah citra Landsat 8 perekaman 26 Juni 2013 dan 4 September 2015. Metode yang digunakan adalah pemodelan FCD yang menghasilkan kerapatan kanopi per piksel. Hasil pemodelan FCD kemudian digunakan untuk menganalisis perubahan kerapatan kanopi setelah erupsi. Berdasarkan penelitan ini didapatkan hasil bahwa citra Landsat 8 dapat dipergunakan untuk mengetahui kerapatan kanopi Hutan Lindung Gunung Kelud sebelum dan setelah erupsi dengan masing-masing akurasi sebesar 83,73% dan 81,14%. Terjadi perubahan luas kerapatan kanopi setelah erupsi, dimana terdapat 8833,95 Ha hutan yang mengalami penurunan kerapatan kanopi, sedangkan hutan dengan kerapatan kanopi yang tetap adalah seluas 2149,38 Ha, dan hutan yang mengalami peningkatan kerapatan kanopi adalah seluas 1643,31 Ha. Remote sensing has an advantage in terms of temporal resolution that can be exploited to examine the changes of an object in different times. Gunung Kelud Forest is changing after the eruption in 2014. The changes can be analyzed by utilizing remote sensing technology through multitemporal imagery. This study aims to examine the capabilities of Landsat 8 multitemporal and Forest Canopy Density (FCD) images for changes in canopy density in Kelud Protection Forest before and after the eruption in 2014. Remote sensing imagery used is Landsat 8 image recording June 26, 2013, and September 4, 2015, The method used is FCD modeling that produces a density of the canopy per pixel. FCD modeling results are then used to analyze changes in density of the canopy after the eruption. Based on this research, it can be concluded that Landsat 8 image can be used to determine the density of canopy of Kelud Protection Forest before and after eruption with 83.73% and 81.14% accuracy respectively. There was a change in the area of the canopy density after the eruption, where there was 8833.95 ha of forest that experienced a decrease in canopy density, whereas forests with fixed canopy densities were 2149.38 Ha, and forests with an increase in canopy density were 1643.31 Ha.
STUDIES ON PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, TANNINS CONTENT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY FROM LEAF AND CALLUS EXTRACTS OF MEMECYLON UMBELLATUM.
Authors: Balasundaram Janarthanam , R Dhamotharan , M Anbkkarasi
Published: May 2017

Objective: This study aims to determine the phytochemical screening, tannins content, and antibacterial activity from leaf and callus extracts of Memecylon umbellatum.Methods: Preliminary screening involved the qualitative methods to detect the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, steroids, quinones, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and alkaloids. Total tannins contents were quantitatively estimated with tannic acid as standard. Different concentrations of ethanolic leaf and callus extracts were tested using the agar disc diffusion technique for the antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli.Results: The phytochemical analysis of leaf and callus extract of M. umbellatum revealed the presence of significant secondary metabolites such as tannins, saponins, quinones, cardiac glycosides, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and alkaloids. The total tannins content in callus and leaf extract were found to be 11.37 mg tannic acid equivalents (TAE)/g and 7.1 mg TAE/g, respectively. The antibacterial activity of ethanolic leaf and callus extracts of M. umbellatum shown more active against B. subtilis. Both the callus and leaf extract of M. umbellatum was found to be inactiveagainst E. coli.Conclusion: It was concluded that the powerful antibacterial effect is attributed to the greater amount of tannin compounds in the ethanolic callus extracts of M. umbellatum.Keywords: Memecylon umbellatum, Callus extract, Tannins, Phytochemical analysis, Disc diffusion, Antibacterial activity.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF ABUTILON INDICUM AERIAL PARTS AGAINST E .FAECALIS – AN INVITRO STUDY
Authors: Feridoz Jannathul , Roy Anitha
Published: May 2017

Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of the aqueous alcoholic extracts of Abutilon indicum aerial parts against Enterococcus faecalis.Methods: Agar well diffusion assay, as well as microbroth dilution assays, were used for determination of antibacterial activity. The assay was done intriplicate, and chlorhexidine 0.2% was used as the control.Results: Different concentrations (200, 400, and 800 mg/mL) of the ethyl acetate extract of A. indicum aerial parts showed dose-dependantantibacterial activity. The maximum zone of inhibition was 30 mm at the maximum concentration used (800 mg/mL), and the minimum inhibitoryconcentration/minimum bactericidal concentration was found to be 200 mg/mL.Conclusion: This study suggests that the aqueous alcoholic extract of A. indicum aerial parts contains promising antibacterial substances which arehaving activity against E. faecalis. E. faecalis being one of the major threats for root canal failure during endodontic treatment; plants with antibacterialactivity against E. faecalis will be promising.Keywords: Abutilon indicum, Enterococcus faecalis, Antibacterial activity, Root canal failure.
ANTI- OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE ACTIVITY OF HONEY
Authors: Pannu Arzoo Singh , Parle Milind
Published: May 2017

Objective: The present study aim to investigate the anti-obsessive compulsive disorder potential of honey in mice.Methods: The honey was given orally in two concentrations of 17.5 ml/kg and 35 ml/kg to mice for 21 days. The anti-obsessive compulsive activity was assessed on 21th day by in-vitro methods viz flickering-light induced obsessive- compulsive behaviour model developed in our laboratory (Patent No. 3087/DEL/2012) and marble-burying behaviour model. The biochemical estimation was also done on 21 days.Results: When honey was administered chronically for 21 days significantly reduced gnawing behaviour and marble-burying behaviour of mice. Interestingly in our biochemical estimations, both, brain serotonin and GABA level were significantly increased by honey. The anti-Obsessive compulsive activity of honey may be due to the presence of Tryptophan, which is an important precursor of serotonin in the serotonergic neurons thereby enhancing the biosynthesis of serotonin to facilitate the anti- obsessive compulsive activity.Conclusion: The present study revealed that honey possessed significant anti-OCD activity.Keywords: Honey, Anti-obsessive–compulsive disorder, Antioxidant, Serotonin.
A NEW RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE AND TRAMADOL HYDROCHLORIDE IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS.
Authors: Y Bharathi Devi , Kamatham Sumanth Srinivas , V Bhaskara Raju , B Mohan Gandhi , K Srinivas
Published: May 2017

Objective: This study was embarked upon to develop a new, simple, rapid, validated reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)method for the estimation of ketorolac tromethamine (KET) and tramadol hydrochloride (TDL) in pharmaceutical dosage forms.Methods: The HPLC method was developed on Shishiedo C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d, 5 μ) using methanol: 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) in the ratio of 52:48 at 282 nm.Results: Retention time for the drugs was found to be 5.1 and 6.9 minutes for tramadol and ketorolac, respectively. The limit of detection for tramadoland ketorolac were found to be 1.0 and 0.1 μg/ml, limit of quantitation for tramadol and ketorolac were found to be 5.0 and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively. Linearity was established in the range of 20.0-30.0 μg/ml and 8.0-12.0 μg/ml for TDL and KET, respectively. The method was precise with % relative standard deviation <2 for both intra- and interday precision. The accuracy of the method was performed over three levels of concentration, and the recovery was in the range of 98-102%.Conclusion: From the found experimental data, it can be concluded that the developed method is accurate, precise, and selective and can be employedsuccessfully for the estimation of KET and TDL in Pharmaceutical dosage forms.Keywords: Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, Ketorolac tromethamine, Tramadol hydrochloride.
ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF Β-SITOSTEROL FROM PLECTRANTHUS AMBOINICUS (LOUR. SPRENG.) LEAVES: IN VITRO AND IN SILICO STUDIES
Authors: Satria Denny , Hasibuan Poppy Anjelisa Zaitun , Sitorus Panal
Published: May 2017

Objective: β-sitosterol is the steroid compound which is an important nutrient in the diet meal, hydrophobic and soluble in organic solvents and considered as a good biomarker due to its biological activity.Methods: In vitro study was using 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide method towards T47D, MCF-7, HeLa, and WiDr cell lines. In silico docking using PLANTS program and visualized by Yasara program. The model of three dimension enzyme structures used in this research were epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α), ER-beta (ER-β), and human EGFR 2 (HER-2). Two and three dimensions of β-sitosetrol, ZSTK474, and tamoxifen as the standard were generated using Marvin Sketch program.Results: β-sitosterol was found to have inhibitory concentration 50% of 0.55; 0.87; 0.76, and 0.99 mM. β-sitosterol and ZSTK474 were inhibited EGFR and PI3K with docking score −92.8195; −91.7920 and −91.7470; −94.7491 β-sitosterol and tamoxifen were inhibited ER-α, ER-β and HER-2 with docking score −78.5570; −89.535, −68.7717; −52.008 and −90.4908; −50.5576, respectively.Conclusion: Based on the results above that shows β-sitosterol provide effective as anticancer.Keywords: β-sitosterol, Inhibitor, Anticancer, In vitro, In silico.
DEXMEDETOMIDINE VERSUS ORAL PREGABALIN TO ATTENUATE HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSE TO LARYNGOSCOPY AND OROTRACHEAL INTUBATION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Samal Soumya
Published: May 2017

INTRODUCTION: The airway instrumentation of direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation are powerful noxious stimuli that should be attenuated by appropriate premedication, smooth induction and rapid intubation. The present study compared the  efficacy intravenous dexmedetomidine and oral pregabalin premedication for attenuation of haemodynamic pressor response to laryngoscopy and intubation.METHODS: A total of 60 patients of age group 20-50 years scheduled for elective surgeries under general anaesthesia with ASA physical status I and II were divided into two groups each of 30. Group D received intravenous dexmedetomidine 1mcg/kg over 10 minutes  before induction and group P received  oral pregabalin 150 mg one hour prior to intubation. Parameters observed were heartrate and mean arterial pressure at baseline, after induction, immediately after intubation and then 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes thereafter.RESULTS: Attenuation of heartrate in group dexmedetomidine (78.12 ± 10.0 / min)  immediately after intubation was statistically significant than group pregabalin (89.76 ± 10.45 / min). Mean arterial pressure significantly (p < 0.05) decreased after intubation with dexmedetomidine. As compared to oral pregabalin, attenuation of  heartrate and mean arterial pressure was statistically significant till 30 minutes after intubation with intravenous dexmedetomidine. CONCLUSION: Intravenous dexmedetomidine 1µg/kg is more effective than oral pregabalin 150 mg in attenuating hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and orotracheal intubation.KEYWORDS: Hemodynamic pressor response, Laryngoscopy, Intubation, Intravenous dexmedetomidine, Oral pregabalin.
ACTIVITY OF POLYHERBAL EXTRACT AGAINST BACTERIA CAUSING SKIN INFECTIONS IN DIABETIC PATIENTS.
Authors: Kota Chaitanya Sravanthi , Kota Chaitanya Sravanthi , Kota Chaitanya Sravanthi
Published: May 2017

Objective   : - The objective of   this   study is to evaluate antibacterial activity of Polyherbal extract on few    microorganisms causing skin infections in most of the  diabetic patients  .Methods   : - Methanolic Polyherbal extract was prepared  from Acacia ferruginia (bark & fruit), Chloroxylon swietenia (bark, leaf, root), Casearia elliptica (bark), Terminalia alata (root, leaf). The preliminary phytochemical analysis was performed to identify the major phytoconstituents  in the extract.  Polyherbal extract was evaluated for antibacterial activity against bacteria   like Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,   Escherichia coli, Proteus species, Klebsiella species causing skin infections , diabetic foot infections in diabetic patients. In-vitro method of agar diffusion disc method was used for the evaluation of antibacterial activity through zone of inhibition.  The standard drug used was Gentamicin. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extract was done  using broth dilution method.Results:  The polyherbal extract showed good antibacterial activity. The standard drug used was Gentamicin.  The Methanolic   Polyherbal extract showed   potent activityon all the selected microorganisms. The Polyherbal extract was active  against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.57 +  0.39) and E.coli (2.92 + 0.29) when compared with standard. The polyherbal extract showed potent activity  on Bacillus subtilis and  Proteus vulgaris.Conclusion : The polyherbal extract showed broad spectrum activity by being active against gram positive and gram negative microorganisms providing the scope for further analysis as a antibacterial preparation for the skin infections in diabetes patients. Keywords: Antibacterial activity, skin infections, diabetes, Polyherbal Extract, Agar diffusion disc.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GASTRORETENTIVE FLOATING BIOADHESIVE TABLETS OF HYDROCHLORTHIAZIDE
Authors: Bandameedi Ramu , P Shanmunga Pandiyan
Published: May 2017

Objective: Floating bioadhesive tablets of hydrochlorothiazide were developed to prolong gastric residence time leading to an increase in drugbioavailability where here a combination of floating and bioadhesion mechanism is combined.Methods: Tablets are prepared by direct compression technique using polymers xanthan gum, carbopol 974 P, HPMC K15M, HPMC K100M, magnesiumStearate USP-NF (Avicel PH 102), microcrystalline cellulose Ph 102, Talc, and sodium bicarbonate.Results: Tablets were evaluated for their physical characteristics, namely, hardness, thickness, friability and weight variation, drug content, andfloating properties. The best formulation subjected for kinetic treatment, i.e., zero order, first order, peppas, Higuchi, and Hixon-crowel. The R valuesare 0.9366, 0.9364, 0.9680, 0.9974, and 0.9283, respectively.Conclusion: Optimized formulae F4 containing polymers HPMC K4M and CARBOPOL 974 P showed more bioadhesion with a controlled release over12 hrs. Therefore, formulation F4 identified as a successful formulation for the development of floating bioadhesive tablets.Keywords: Hydrochlorothiazide, Floating tablets, Gastroretentive drug delivery system.
PHARMACOPHORIC SCREENING OF VARIOUS ENDOPHYTIC FUNGAL METABOLITES
Authors: Devi Brindha , K Rajagopala , Elizabeth Esther
Published: May 2017

Objective: To screen various endophytic fungal metabolites toward anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant property virtually.Methods: In this study, 14 bioactive compounds reported from endophytic fungi have taken for structure-based drug design. With the help of softwareSchrodinger, different modules were used to perform screening of top active compounds. Ligprep, epharm, Glide, Quikprop are the modules were used from the software for our study. Identification of leads, pharmacophore model generation, and molecular docking studies were assessed using this software.Results: After the screening of molecules virtually, the most bioactive anti-inflammatory compound was found to be cycloepoxytriol with the dockingscore of −7.511 kcal/mole, and the most active anticancer compound was found to be Phomol with the docking score of −9.778 kcal/mole. The mostactive antioxidant compound was found to be Phomol with the docking score of −9.970 kcal/mole. Further account the potential of the compoundsto act as efficient drug candidates, their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties were also predicted. All the compounds wereshown to correlate well with all properties virtually.Conclusion: In conclusion, using structure-based drug design, we have obtained some promising leads for anti-inflammatory, anticancer, andantioxidant drug discovery. The discovery of compounds from natural products is very potent for formulating new drugs.Keywords: Endophytes, Anti-inflammatory, Anticancer, Antioxidant, Absorption; distribution; metabolism and excretion.
“Molecular Modeling and Identification of Inhibitors against Human Mitochondrial Thymidine Kinase 2”
Authors: Mahendran Radha
Published: May 2017

Objective:Mitochondrial disorders linked to Thymidine Kinase 2 (TK2) deficiency is associated to long term treatment with antiviral nucleoside analogues such as AZT (AZidoThymidine). The accumulation of AZT-TP (AZidoThymidine-TriPhosphate) is suggested to affect DNA polymerase, resulting in mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) depletion. Thus a potent and selective inhibitor for TK2 is essential to be predicted.Methods: The human mitochondrial TK2was modeled usingModeller and the structure was evaluated using Ramachandran plot. The ligand molecule of both the derivatives of deoxythymidine and thioureawere optimized usingChemsketch and were further docked using GLIDE Schrödinger package 2009.Results: The docking results of both Deoxythymidine and Thiourea derivatives against the target TK2 were analyzed to find the ligands with good dock score and Glide energy. The ligands were selected and induced fit docking of both the derivatives were carried out and the interactions were observed usingPyMol.Conclusion: The present study indicates that deoxythymidine derivatives interact significantly and hence serve as selective inhibitors against Human Mitochondrial TK2.Keywords: Thymidine kinase 2, Azidothymidine-triPhosphate, Docking, Grid-based ligand docking with energetics, Deoxythymidine, Thiourea
Biogenic silver nanoparticles mediated by Broussonetia papyrifera: anticancer and antimicrobial activity against pathogenic organisms
Authors: N Vasanth , G Melchias , P Kumaravel
Published: May 2017

Objective: To evaluate the potential aspects of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles mediated by Broussonetia papyrifera against the human pathogens. The same is acknowledged to have high efficiency in the field of Pharmaceutical industry.Methods: The 1Mm of AgNO3 is prepared and mixed with appropriate volume of plant extract and reaction volume was made up to 100 ml. the physical   characterization of AgNPs was done. The anti-microbial activity was done against dread pathogens. Cytotoxic activity of the AgNPs was investigated against breast and lung cancer cell lines.Results: The FESEM and EDAX of the microscopic level showed the particle surface measurements around 44 nm to 50 nm. The XRD investigations are being an evidence for the crystalline structure of the AgNPs with 30 nm. The bacterial pathogen Rhodococcus rhodochrous showed the maximum zone of inhibition (11.8±0.447). The A549 human lung cancer cell line and MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line were tested against the toxicity of AgNPs. The toxicity of AgNPs was valued and corresponding IC50 for Lung cancer (A549) is 12.95± 0.05 µg/mL and Breast cancer (MCF-7) is 10.75± 0.05 µg/mL respectively.Conclusion: The present research denotes that biomolecules derived AgNPs have larger impact as antimicrobials in the biomedical field. Since the aggressive chemicals are not involved AgNPs production, these bio-substances can of alternative medicine to resistant once. The in-vitro experiments exhibits the therapeutic effect of this AgNPs based on the ambient concentration on the process.KEYWORDS: Cancer activity, Antimicrobial agents, Resistance, Silver nanoparticles.
Asymptomatic colonization of Staphylococcus aureus with intermediate resistance to vancomycin harboring vanB resistance gene
Authors: Al Daghistani Hala Ibrahim Al
Published: May 2017

Objective: Vancomycin has been used worldwide due to empirical therapy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. As a result a selective pressure that favors the outgrowth of vancomycin intermediate S. aureus clones will be created. This study was carried out to evaluate vancomycin resistance pattern of S. aureus in Jordan.Methods: A total of 1179 samples, including 566 (48%) from human and 613 (52%) from animals were examined for the presence of S. aureus using standard biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of coa gene. Resistance to antibiotics was determined by the disk diffusion method. Methicillin resistance strains were tested for vancomycin resistance by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), E- test, and the results were confirmed by amplification of van genes, and Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).Results: The prevalence of S. aureus among human source was: 19.35%, 14%, and 8.8% for nasal, nail, and skin, respectively, and for animal sources 27.3%, 5.51%, and 15.86% for milk, nasal, and meat, respectively. Four VISA strains (1.87%) were found to colonize human nares, nails, and skin with vancomycin MIC of 4-8 μg/ml. Van B resistance gene was detected and PFGE with SmaI-digested VISA genomic DNA revealed two different pulsotypes.Conclusion: This is believed to be the first report of VISA strains containing vanB gene isolated from a routine carriage survey. Effective screening directed to persons colonized with VISA should therefore be a priority.Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus aureus, Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, Polymerase chain reaction, VanB genes.
LIPIDS AND ISCHEMIA MODIFIED ALBUMIN IN MILD SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM: RESPONSE TO LEVOTHYROXINE REPLACEMENT
Authors: T Jaseem , Hegde Anupama , Mahabala Chakrapani , Rao Satish B , Manjrekar Poornima A , S Rukmini M
Published: May 2017

Aim Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) with TSH less than (10µIU/ml) is a common finding discovered during routine thyroid function testing. Thyroxine substitution and its benefits to alleviate dyslipidemia and oxidative stress (OS) markers at this stage are a matter of debate.Material and Methods This study aimed to investigate the influence of thyroxine substitution on lipid profile and oxidative stress markers in newly diagnosed SCH subjects. The study included a total number of 50 newly diagnosed, (20 treated and 30 untreated) SCH subjects aged 20-50 years with (TSH < 10 μIU/ml) and FT4 levels in the normal range. Patients on medications that could cause thyroid hormone dysfunction, diabetes mellitus and current or pregnancy during the last two years were excluded. Serum TSH, T3, T4, FT4, Anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies, Total cholesterol (TC), High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), Triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) were determined in all subjects at baseline and after nine months.Results After Thyroxine replacement, a significant decrease in TSH, LDL, IMA and an increase in FT4 was observed. The decrease in TC was not statistically evident. There was no significant change in T3, T4, TG, HDL, after treatment. The untreated group showed an insignificant increase only in TSH.Conclusion Thyroid substitution therapy has a favorable influence on lipid profile and oxidative stress where it particularly reduced LDL and IMA.Key Words: Subclinical hypothyroidism, L-Thyroxine, Lipids, IMA, oxidative stress
Method development and Validation of RP-HPLC method for the Determination of Olanzapine in Bulk and Tablet Dosage form
Authors: Saibaba Sv , P Shanmuga Pandiyan
Published: May 2017

Objective: To develop and validate reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatographic method for estimation of olanzapine in bulk and tablet dosage form.Methods: Chromatographic analysis was performed on XTerra C18 (150×3.5 mm inner diameter, 5 μm) column using a mobile phase consisting of buffer (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) and methanol (45:55% v/v) with a flow rate of 0.6 ml/minutes. The detection was carried out at 247 nm.Results: The calibration curve of olanzapine was linear in the range of 30-70 μg/ml. The mean % assay of marketed formulation was found to be 100.2%, and % recovery was observed in the range of 98-102%. Relative standard deviation for the precision study was found <2%.Conclusion: The developed method is simple, precise and rapid, making it suitable for estimation of olanzapine in bulk and tablet dosage form.Keywords: Olanzapine, Reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatographic, Validation.
COMPREHENSIVE INVITRO EVALUATION OF PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF SELECTED PLANT EXTRACTS AND GC-MS PROFILING OF FLACOURTIA JANGOMAS FLOWER EXTRACT
Authors: George Sangeetha Annie
Published: May 2017

Objective: Continued exploration and bio-evaluation of plants hold good as there are an increasing demand and recognition of natural products in disease management. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antiproliferative activity of methanolic extracts of different parts of six plants. Six plants - Couroupita guianensis, Flacourtia jangomas, Lucuma nervosa, Euphorbia milii, Acalypha hispida, and Hydnocarpus pentandra - were chosen for this study.Methods: The plant parts were extracted with methanol and screened for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging abilities. The cytotoxic activity of the extracts was investigated on SCC9 and Calu6 through MTT assay, and cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry to determine the antiproliferative activity of the extracts. The flower extract of F. jangomas was further subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis for purification of the compounds of interest. A twoway ANOVA was done to estimate the effect of the extract between samples remembered at p<0.05 level.Results: Among all the plant extracts, the extract of F. jangomas (flower) showed significant antioxidant potential with IC50 values of 11.16±0.54 μg/mland 12.34±0.37 μg/ml for DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. GC-MS analysis of the extract revealed the presence of 21 phytocompounds. MTT assay revealed that this extract had promising cytotoxic activity against the two cancer cell lines, Calu6 and SCC9 with IC50 values of 43.57±0.04 μg/ml and 53.42±0.15 μg/ml, respectively. The extract treatment caused significant arrest in G2M phase of cell cycle.Conclusion: F. jangomas flower extract displayed significant antioxidant and antiproliferative activity and can be considered as a potential source ofanticancer compounds.Keywords: Antioxidants, MTT assay, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Calu6, SCC9, Flacourtia jangomas.
A NOVEL STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OF ARIPIPRAZOLE IN PURE AND ITS PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION
Authors: Ayaan Shaik Muneer
Published: May 2017

Objective: This study was aimed to develop a novel, selective, and sensitive reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method for the detection and quantification of aripiprazole in pure form as well as in its pharmaceutical formulation.Methods: The chromatography was carried out on C18 Phenomenex Luna (250 × 4.6 mm × 5 μm) column using a mobile phase of 0.1% v/v orthophosphoric acid (pH 3.0), acetonitrile and methanol in the ratio of 40:50:10 (% v/v). The isocratic elution program was adjusted to 1.0 ml/minutes flow rate with 20 μl injection volume. The eluted components were monitored at 254 nm. The ambient column oven temperature was maintained.Results: The developed method was validated statistically with respect to linearity, range, precision, accuracy, specificity, robustness, ruggedness, detection and quantification limits and also subjected to various stress conditions such as acidic and alkaline hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis, and thermal degradation. The method showed linearity across the concentration range of 10.0-60 μg/ml.Conclusion: The developed method is specific, precise, accurate, robust and stability indicating which can be successfully applied for routine analysis, quality control analysis and also suitable for stability analysis of assay of aripiprazole in pure form and its formulation as per the regulatory requirements.Keywords: Aripiprazole, Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, Stress condition.
NIGELLA SATIVA HAS BENEFICIAL EFFECT ON OSTEOPOROSIS AND BONE HEALING. IS IT FACT OR FICTION? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Osman Muhamed T
Published: May 2017

Osteoporosis is the most common reason for a broken bone among the elderly. Several experimental studies have been reported that Nigella sativa(NS) and/or its major component thymoquinone (TQ) have good effects on osteoporosis and bone healing. We conducted this systematic review toevaluate these relevant studies to prove whether NS and/or TQ has potential effect on osteoporosis and can stop pathogenesis of this disease or thismatter still just a fiction. A search on published studies was done using databases including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, andCINAHIL. Terms searched included “Nigella sativa, black seed, TQ, osteoporosis, bone healing.” Initially, 213 articles were extracted. After reviewing their titles and abstracts, 124 articles (Medline, 43; Scopus, 67; EBSCO, 14) were retrieved for further evaluation. However, after excluding the clinical trial studies, human reviews, removal of abstracts and unrelated studies, seven studies were considered finally as eligible for our review. Finally, seven studies were considered eligible for our review. The total number of animals used was 220 (150 rats and 70 rabbits) from different experimental study. Based on the results of this systematic review, we conclude that NS or TQ extract therapy for osteoporosis cannot be recommended yet and these data will not suffice to exclude the beneficial effects of NS on bone turnover reliably. Therefore, more studies are required to explore the specific cellular and molecular targets of NS or TQ using animal osteoporosis models. Once the anti-osteoporotic effectiveness of NS or TQ will be established, human studies can be carried out.Keywords: Nigella sativa, Black seed, Thymoquinone, Osteoporosis, Bone healing.
EFFECT OF SUB-CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO CHROMIUM ON HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF MALE ALBINO RAT
Authors: Saha Jahnabi , Choudhuri Soma , Choudhuri Dipayan
Published: May 2017

Objectives :  Exposure to chromium, the transition element found in many compounds of earth’s crust, leads to various health hazards including cancer, dermatitis, damage of liver  and kidneys and reproductive toxicity in both male and female. Toxic  effect of chronic exposure to chromium at low environmentally relevant dose is recently recognized and less studied. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of sub-chronic exposure to low doses of chromium VI (K2Cr2O7) on various haematological and biochemical parameters in male albino rats.Methods : Male albino rats (160±10 gm) received 1/25, 1/50 and 1/100 of reported oral LD50 dose of chromium VI (K2Cr2O7) for 90 consecutive days. After treatment, the blood was collected for analysis of various haematological and biochemical parameters.Results :  Exposure to chromium VI at 1/25 LD50 dose caused decrease in body weight gain and reduction in the weight of the reproductive organs along with increase in the weight of liver and kidney. Numbers of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and haemoglobin concentration reduced with increase in clotting time. The total sperm count and motility was also reduced in exposed rats. There was decrease in plasma protein and albumin concentration, with increase in plasma glucose and cholesterol level. The activity of enzyme alanine aminotransferase and enzyme aspertate aminotransferase was stimulated in treated rats.Conclusion : The results of the present study revealed that chronic low dose  exposure to chromium VI resulted in a toxic effect in experimental male albino rats.  Keywords: Chromium VI (K2Cr2O7), Haematological parameters, Biochemical parameters.
TOPICAL ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTED FROM SPHARENTHUS INDICUS (ASTERACEAE)
Authors: Padhan Dipti Kanta
Published: May 2017

Objective: To evaluate the topical analgesic effects of essential oil extracted from Spharenthus indicus (Asteraceae).Methods: The essential oil was extracted from fresh flower of Spharenthus indicus. Topical ointment containing essential oil was investigated for analgesic activity in rat using hot plate method. Diclofenac sodium gel was taken as standard drug.Result: The analgesic activity of topical preparation was observed in the early phase. The analgesic activity of topical preparation showed significant activity comparative to standard drug diclofenac sodium.Conclusion: Hence the study validates the traditional use of Spharenthus indicus to relive pain.Keywords: Analgesic activity, Sphaeranthus indicus, Essential oil, Topical ointment.
ORAL CAVITY SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA IN A CASE OF IFAP SYNDROME WITH CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA ON LONG TERM HYDROXYUREA: A RARE PRESENTATION
Authors: Singh Anshul , P Uday Kumar , Reddy S Anusha , Yathiraj Prahlad H , Vidyasagar Mamidipudi S
Published: May 2017

We report a case of  a patient  in his early  30s’ who presented with an ulcero-proliferative growth over the left buccal mucosa , he was also on treatment for CML in blast crisis on Hydroxyurea and a known case of Ichthyosis Follicularis, Alopecia, and Photophobia (IFAP) syndrome. Though a working diagnosis of chloroma / Hydroxyurea induced erosive Lichen planus  was suspected, the histopathological examination of the lesion was suggestive of Squamous cell Carcinoma. He was subsequently planned for palliative radiotherapy .
Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Servis Oli Sepeda Motor Menggunakan Odometer Berbasis LBS
Authors: Santana Renda Arya , Risqiwati Diah , Sari Zamah
Published: May 2017

Waktu servis dapat diketahui melalui mengkonversi putaran roda kendaraan menjadi jarak tempuh. Penggunaan sensor magnet Reed Switch untuk menghitung putaran roda sepeda motor, kemudian Mikrokontroller digunakan sebagai pengolah data putaran roda menjadi jarak tempuh. Apabila perhitungan jarak tempuh telah mencapai batas untuk servis oli, maka akan diberikan suatu peringatan berupa suara menggunakan buzzer. Sistem ini juga dilengkapi dengan button reset untuk me-reset perhitungan jarak tempuh dan sd card yang digunakan untuk menyimpan data jarak tempuh. Aplikasi LBS dapat menentukan posisi pengguna maupun bengkel-bengkel resmi Honda yang telah terintegrasi. Dengan kombinasi ini, aplikasi LBS Bengkel akan mencari rute untuk menghubungkan posisi pengguna dengan bengkel motor serta memanfaatkan servis di google yang sudah disertakan layer traffic sehingga pengguna dapat memilih bengkel yang sesuai dengan keinginannya. Dari hasil aplikasi LBS bengkel yang telah dibuat, aplikasi dapat mendaftarkan servis sepeda motor ke bengkel-bengkel yang terintegrasi. Aplikasi tersebut memapu melakukan proses pencarian lokasi bengkel terdekat di sekitar pengguna dan menunjukkan rute dari lokasi pengguna ke bengkel tujuan menggunakan API google map. Kata kunci: Location Based Service (LBS), Mikrokontroler, Bengkel, Reed Switch, Buzzer
Re-radicalizando la justificación
Authors: Moe-Lobeda Cynthia
Published: May 2017

Las creencias de Lutero en cuanto a la justificación se originan en la resistencia contra las ideas políticas y culturales; asimismo, en los arreglos de poder que impidieron a la gente experimentar el don de Dios, su amor incondicional. ¿Cómo puede ser que una tradición con tales causas radicales y liberadoras se ha convertido en cómplice del poder político y cultural que también impide a la gente  confiar en el amor incondicional de Dios? La autora argumenta que las tradiciones luteranas han tendido que afirmar la parte «segura» de los descubrimientos claves de Lutero, mientras ignoraron la parte «peligrosa». Este artículo enfatiza los aspectos «peligrosos» a menudo ignorados. En su conjunto dan aliento a la resistencia contra arreglos opresivos de poder económico, político y cultural.
¿Significa eso que abrogamos la Torá por la confianza? Ro 3.28-31 y la biblia en lengua justa
Authors: Crüsemann Marlene
Published: May 2017

M. Crüsemann explica los problemas de la traducción de Ro 3.28 en la Bíblia en lengua justa, choris ergon nomou (sin obras de la ley). Este versículo ha tenido un fuerte impacto en la tradición de la Reforma, ya que a menudo la Torá judía es pensada como de poca importancia para la cristiandad.  Pero es necesario estudiar los conocimientos de Pablo respecto a la Torá en el contexto del Imperio romano. Sus estructuras poderosas enseñaron a Pablo el dominio terrorizante del pecado que impidió  vivir según la Torá de Dios. Sin embargo, la gente experimenta una liberación mediante la confianza en Jesús como Mesías. Esa justificación por la fe habilita a la gente para vivir según los mandamientos de la Torá. Si la gente practica la Torá, la justicia de Dios va a florescer en el mundo. De ahí que Pablo no condena la Torá, sino que la fortalece.
Determinación de metabolitos secundarios a partir de Bacillus subtilis con efecto biocontrolador sobre Fusarium sp.
Authors: Ariza Yesid , Sánchez, MSc. Ligia
Published: May 2017

El uso de agentes de control biológico es una alternativa eficaz para el tratamiento de las enfermedades en plantas, contribuyendo en la disminución del uso de pesticidas químicos. Microrganismos del género Bacillus se han convertido en el centro de interés por su producción de metabolitos de tipo secundario, con propiedades antifungicas, supresores efectivos contra diversos fitopatógenos como Fusarium, Pythium, Phytophthora y Rhizoctonia. El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar la presencia de metabolitos secundarios obtenidos por fermentación en estado líquido a partir de una cepa de Bacillus subtilis, los cuales fueron analizados mediante cromatografía de alta resolución (HPLC). Se confirmó su efecto biocontrolador sobre Fusarium sp por pruebas de excavación en placa. Se identificó el antibiótico Iturina A, con una concentración aproximada de 151.805 mg/l y las pruebas de antagonismo in vitro expresaron un porcentaje de 70 a 100% de inhibición de crecimiento sobre Fusarium sp. Se espera a futuro identificar la presencia de otros metabolitos de tipo secundario, de importancia en fitosanidad, como la producción de surfactina y fengicina.
Estudio de plantas medicinales usadas en la comunidad indígena Tikuna del alto Amazonas, Macedonia.
Authors: Quintana Arias Ronald Fernando
Published: May 2017

Entre Febrero del 2008 y Octubre del 2009, se realizó una investigación de plantas asociadas a las enfermedades más frecuentes en la Comunidad TIKUNA de Macedonia ubicada a 57 km de Leticia. Para realizar este estudio se aplicaron tres tipos de encuestas basadas en las “TRAMIL”. A a partir de estas, se establece como resultado el reporte de 115 plantas de valor de uso medicinal dentro de la Comunidad, y 308 remedios aplicados para la cura de diferentes enfermedades. Se presentó un listado que incluye: 109 géneros y 99 especies. Para cada una de las plantas medicinales se reporta el nombre vernáculo, nombre Tikuna, número de colección, familia taxonómica, usos tradicionales referidos, parte usada, propiedad medicinal, forma de preparación, administración, si la preparación en caso de ser combinada se hace con una planta o animal y si debe tener “dieta”2 o no. Cada planta reportada fue: fotografiada en campo, recolectada e identificada previamente en el SINCHI3 de Leticia, se calculó el nivel de uso significativo TRAMIL, valor de uso general, fitoetnoaloctoneidad y Fitoetnoendemicidad.Se concluye que las familias Arecaceae, Bignoniaceae y Rubiaceae y especies como el Yarumo (Cecropia sciadophylla) el Carambolo (Averrhoa carambola), la uña de gato (Uncaria tomentosa), el Acapu (Minquartia guianensis), la Lancetilla (Alternanthera brasiliana), y el Amacizo (Erythrina fusca) tienen un gran valor cultural dentro de la Comunidad. Asimismo, que el uso y aplicación de diferentes plantas que alivien dolencias es compartido por las etnias del Trapecio, pero la validez u orden de importancia de las plantas depende de la cosmología y cosmogonía particular de cada comunidad.
Aproximación al estado de salud de la comunidad indígena Yanacona en la ciudad de Bogotá, D.C., por medio de pruebas de laboratorio clínico.
Authors: Castillo Bohórquez Martha Leonor , Oliveros Ana Lucia , Mora Bautista Ana Isabel , Cediel Erika , Morales Marcela
Published: May 2017

El estudio se realizó con la comunidad indígena Yanacona, nativos del macizo Colombiano que actualmente están ubicados en la ciudad de Bogotá; en el barrio San Joaquín de la localidad de Ciudad Bolívar. Esta investigación siguió una metodología descriptiva, transversal, se estudiaron 21 integrantes pertenecientes a la comunidad; hombres y mujeres entre 19 a 48 años de edad, a los que se realizaron tres pruebas de laboratorio clínico de rutina: uroanálisis, coprológico y hemograma. Como prueba especial se realizó la ferritina sérica como medida indirecta de los depósitos de hierro para verificar una anemia ferropénica. Basados en los resultados de los exámenes se observó en bajo porcentaje infecciones urinarias y parasitosis, ninguno presento anemia. Estos hallazgos sugieren una población adaptada a las condiciones de vida de la ciudad pero que requieren actividades de promoción de salud y prevención de la enfermedad.
Estrés oxidativo: origen, evolución y consecuencias de la toxicidad del oxígeno
Authors: Corrales MSc Lucía Constanza , Muñoz Ariza Maira María
Published: May 2017

El oxígeno es un elemento que presenta un perfil con doble efecto fisiológico; es esencial para el desarrollo de la vida aerobia y posee efectos tóxicos inherentes a su estructura. Del oxígeno se derivan moléculas inestables denominadas radicales libres que pueden causar daño a nivel celular, cuando se pierde el equilibrio entre dichas moléculas y el sistema de defensa antioxidante que poseen los seres vivos, generando así lo que se denomina estrés oxidativo. Dicho mecanismo posee una estrecha relación con el desarrollo y evolución de una gran variedad de procesos degenerativos, enfermedades y síndromes. Su estudio se ha centrado principalmente en el conocimiento de los mecanismos de su génesis y las formas de; atenuar, disminuir o contrarrestarlas, por medio de los sistemas de defensa antioxidante que posee la célula y la forma de controlar los radicales libres que se generan de forma normal y continua en el organismo resultado de algunos procesos celulares como el relacionado con el metabolismo oxidativo de la mitocondria, proceso necesario para la obtención de ATP.
Análisis de la relación entre alteraciones del eje hipotálamo-hipófisis-tiroides y exposición a perclorato en ratones de la cepa ICR
Authors: Arias Holguín Msc Germán Javier , Wilches Torres Msc Miriam Andrea , Pedraza Diego
Published: May 2017

Este estudio establece una correlación entre la exposición a perclorato de amonio y la presencia clínica de alteraciones en el eje hipotálamo-hipófisis- tiroides, tomando como referencia diferentes dosis de aplicación desde la aceptada como dosis segura hasta un incremento significativo de dicha dosis. El trabajo reviste gran importancia debido a que esta sustancia química es uno de los compuestos de mayor uso como pesticida en el departamento de Boyacá. Mediante ensayos inmunoenzimáticos con microplacas; con los Kit comerciales Kit Accubind Elisa Microwells TSH y Kit Accubind Elisa Microwells T4L y el análisis clínico se pudo establecer la existencia de alteraciones en el eje hormonal, lo que puede ser indicador en el futuro de un alto riesgo por parte de los individuos que manipulen esta sustancia.
Evaluación del potencial antibacterial in vitro de Croton lechleri frente a aislamientos bacterianos de pacientes con úlceras cutáneas
Authors: Corrales Ramírez Lucia , Castillo Castañeda Adriana , Melo Vargas Andrea
Published: May 2017

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo la evaluación del potencial antibacterial in vitro de Croton lechleri frente a aislamientos bacterianos aeróbicos de pacientes con úlceras cutáneas del Sanatorio de Agua de Dios, Cundinamarca, Colombia. La metodología utilizada incluyó el aislamiento e identificación de los aislamientos bacterianos utilizando el sistema automatizado BBL-CrystalTM. Para la evaluación de la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana in vitro, se realizaron pruebas de difusión en disco, dilución en agar y difusión en pozo, métodos estandarizados por The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI); usando como sustratos el extracto etanólico y de éter de petróleo de Croton lechleri. Se obtuvieron siete aislamientos bacterianos a partir de las úlceras cutáneas de pacientes del sanatorio, el estudio también incluyó ensayos con cepas de referencia ATCC: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC) y de Escherichia coli (ATCC) como control. En los ensayos de sensibilidad antimicrobiana in vitro, se evidencio que los extractos de Croton lechleri fueron efectivos frente a la mayoría de aislamientos bacterianos del estudio, siendo el extracto etanólico el de mayor potencial antibacterial y la técnica de difusión en pozo la que presento mejor sensibilidad y reproducibilidad.
Micosis por Pythium Insidiosum primer caso con diagnóstico definitivo en Colombia
Authors: Acero-Mondragón MDV. Esp. MSc Edward Javier , DaniBotero Rosas, MD. PhD Daniel Alfonso , Maldonado Arango MD MSc María Inés
Published: May 2017

Pythium insidiosum es un hongo distribuido globalmente causante de una micosis emergente llamada Pitiosis en personas y animales. El diagnóstico definitivo involucra correlación clínico epidemiológica, clínico patológica, histopatológica y molecular. En Colombia no existen antecedentes diagnósticos de Pitiosis con estas correlaciones. Pitiosis fue demostrada dos equinos de zona rural en Puerto Boyacá, Departamento de Boyacá-Colombia. Los equinos presentaron en extremidades lesiones únicas, pruriginosas, ulceradas, granulomatosas, alternada de masas sólidas con secreción serosanguinolenta. De las biopsias los hallazgos anatomopatológicos demostraron masas sólidas de aspecto coralino, las cuales se procesaron histopatológicamente. Los resultados correlacionados de biogeografía, las lesiones halladas en los equinos y en ellas los patrones histopatológicos de Splendore-Hoeplii, con hallazgos de hifas raramente septadas con diámetro de 2,5 a 6,2 micras en ramificación angulada, junto a la secuenciación del DNA extraído y comparado con el depositado para P.insidiosum en el GenBank permitió demostrar en todas las muestras una homología del 100% conformándose por primera vez el diagnóstico definitivo de Pitiosis en Colombia.