bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Advanced Treatment Technology for Wastewater Containing both Zn2+ and Cd2+
Authors: Huang Guo Zhong , Li Deng Kun , Miao Xue Min , Wang Jun Feng , Bao Li Jie
Published: December 2012

The removal of heavy metal ions is very significant for the restoration of ecological environment and recycling utilization of water resources. By using the advanced treatment technology for wastewater such as strengthening coagulant, adsorption by modified zeolite and the combination of both，respectively, the influence of different parameters like adding dosage of coagulant and flow rate of raw water on the removal efficiency of zinc and cadmium ions from wastewater was investigated, and the operating conditions were optimized. The results showed that the removal efficiency of zinc and cadmium ions from wastewater both improved in the combination process of strengthening coagulant and adsorption by modified zeolite, and they increased by 5.8% and 2.8% respectively than that of strengthening coagulation process alone, while the removal efficiency of zinc ion increased by 4.5% than that of adsorption by modified zeolite process alone. The removal efficiency of zinc and cadmium ions both gradually increased with increasing adding dose of coagulant, but they decreased when flow rate of raw water increased. In the combination treatment process of strengthening coagulant and adsorption by modified zeolite, the suitable operating condition were selected as 8 of initial pH of wastewater, 18 mg/L of polyaluminium chloride (PAC), 9mg/L of polyacrylamide (PAM), 150g of modified zeolite and 20L/h of flow rate of raw water.
Stripping Photo-Resist with RF Dielectric Barrier Atmospheric Pressure Plasma
Authors: Jia Shao Xia , Zhao Ling Li , Yang Jing Hua , Zhang Chen , Wang Shou Gou
Published: December 2012

A novel radio frequency single-dielectric-barrier-discharge atmospheric pressure plasma generator was designed and utilized to strip AZ9912 photo-resist (PR). Argon (Ar) and oxygen (O2) were employed as the working gases under atmospheric pressure in ambient air. The PR stripping rate was measured as functions of time, input power, and the flow rates of the oxygen/argon. Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) was used to measure the optical emission spectra of the plasma to study the mechanism of PR stripping process. It is presumable that C-H bands were broken by high energy electron in the plasma and OH was generated in the process with the participation of O atom. Optical Microscope, Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were used to measure the surface of the silicon substrate after the stripping. It is proved that this kind of novel device could strip the AZ9912 PR effectively as high as 850nm/min, without residues and ion bombardment damage on the wafer substrate.
Toxicity of As on Soil Neutral Phosphatase
Authors: Ke Xin , Sun Ying , Zhang Yun
Published: December 2012

Toxicity of As on soil neutral phosphatase was studied through a series indoor incubation experiments. Results showed that the activity of soil neutral phosphatase was significantly inhibited by As pollution, and the peak inhibiting ratio was appeared at the sixth incubation day. While the activity of soil neutral phosphatase was also decreased with concentration of As increasing in the same incubation day. The relationship between the concentration of as and soil neutral phosphatase was fit by model ①y=c/(1+bx)and ②y=c(1+ax)(1+bx).The model② was more suitable to describe the relationship between the concentration of As and soil enzyme. This means the effect mechanism of As on the soil neutral phosphatase was part of inhibition. The Km of neutral phosphatase was increase by As concentration adding, while the Vmax was lowered. This kind of inhibition belongs to mix competition inhibition. Phosphatase widely exists in the biological world, from lower organism Escherichia coli, yeast to higher animals and plant tissues, body fluid and human liver, prostate gland are found to have phosphatase exist. It can catalyze the phosphate hydrolysis of elemental and inorganic phosphate release, important enzymes of biological phosphorus metabolism [1-2]. Soil phosphatase is an enzyme that has a major impact on agricultural production, producing an important role in the cycle of soil phosphorus. Research show that phosphatase in soil and aquatic systems of phosphorus, organic phosphorus pesticide contaminated soil bioremediation is very important, so it can be used as material for ecosystem beneficial or deleterious effects of indicator. Therefore, some can be as the instructions of the beneficial or harmful effects of ecosystem biology. Arsenic is widespread nature of toxic heavy metals often pollute the environment with the waste material, pesticides, fertilizers and other. According to the statistics in early 1990s, each year around the world due to human activities the importation of soil arsenic content of 0.52-1.2 million tons, its impact on soil ecosystem is one of the important topics. This experiment which proposed indoor simulation method analysis different concentrations of arsenic contaminated soils of neutral phosphatase activity, to explore the effects of different concentrations of arsenic on soil phosphatase activity of short-term toxicity effect. Analysis of the influence degree and duration, further analysis between the two possible mechanism, provides the basis for environmental protection and monitoring.
The Method for Torque Distribution of In-Wheel Motor Driving Vehicle Aiming to Save Energy
Authors: Zhang Huan Huan , Yang Guo Ping
Published: December 2012

A new method of torque distribution of in-wheel motor driving vehicle aiming to save energy was introduced. For the method, the optimal goal is the wheel slip power which is the product of longitudinal force and the slip speed.The constraint equation is the vehicle motion equation. The optimal variable is the wheel rotating speed. The optimal model was established by using ModeFrontier. It showed the distribution method decreased the wheel slip power and the driving efficiency was enhanced under the condition of straight-line and cornering running. The work provides a new energy-saving idea for in-wheel motor driving vehicle.
Study of Failure Rate Model for a Large-Scale Water Supply Network in Southern China Based on Different Diameters
Authors: Yu Peng Jun , Nie Jin Xu , Xu Gang , Long Zhi Hong , Wang Zhi Hong , Tu Yu , Li Bin , He Xiaomei , Chen Yu Li
Published: December 2012

This paper studies on the electromagnetic transient model of doubly-fed wind turbinegrid-side converter under the imbalanced grid condition. And on this basis, the paper analysis theimpact of doubly-fed converter when grid voltage asymmetric drop. It puts forward a dual PLL anddual current control combination of doubly-fed converter grid side control strategy. This strategyachieves grid voltage positive and negative sequence fast separation when asymmetric grid voltagedrop occur, achieves the active output power secondary fluctuate suppression under the imbalancedgrid voltage condition, avoids DC voltage rise at the fault moment and also achieves converterreactive power support under the imbalanced grid fault. The simulation and experimental resultsshow that the proposed control strategy is correct and with the application value of engineering.
Cause Analysis and Countermeasure Research on the Deterioration of Oasis Ecological Environment of Minqin County
Authors: Li Fang Hong , Liang Xu Li , Chen Kang
Published: December 2012

Minqin County is located at the arid inland area of China, and its oasis is one of the typical desert oases in China. As natural factors and human factors have brought many ecological environment problems, the causes of the deterioration of Minqin's ecological environment are analyzed and some countermeasures on the protection and treatment of its ecological environment are proposed in this paper.
Two-Dimensional Modelling and Simulation of Crystalline Silicon n+pp+ Solar Cell
Authors: Tobbeche S. , Kateb M.N.
Published: December 2012

In this work, we present the simulation results of the technological parameters and the electrical characteristics of a crystalline silicon n+pp+ solar cell, using two-dimension (2D) software, namely TCAD Silvaco (Technology Computer Aided Design). TCAD Silvaco Athena is used to simulate various stages of the technology manufacturing, while TCAD Silvaco Atlas is used for the simulation of the electrical characteristics and the spectral response of the solar cell. The J-V characteristics and the external quantum efficiency (EQE) are simulated under AM 1.5 illumination. The conversion efficiency(η)of 16.06% is reached and the other characteristic parameters are simulated: the open circuit voltage (Voc) is of 0.63 V, the short circuit current density (Jsc) equals 30.54 mA/cm² and the form factor (FF) is of 0.83 for the n+pp+ solar cell with a silicon nitride antireflection layer (Si3N4). In order to highlight the importance of the back surface field (BSF), a comparison between two cells, one without BSF (structure n+p), the other with one BSF (structure n+pp+), was made. By creating a BSF on the rear face of the cell the short circuit current density increases from 28.55 to 30.54 mA/cm2, the open circuit voltage from 0.6 to 0.63 V and the conversion efficiency from 14.19 to 16.06%. A clear improvement of the spectral response is obtained in wavelengths ranging from 0.65 to 1.1 µm for the solar cell with BSF.
On the Control of the Collector Field Outlet Temperature of Shiraz 250 KW Solar Power Plant
Authors: Mohi Abadi Mostafa Zamani , Mohammadi Seyed Mohammad Hessam , Safavi Seyed Ali Akbar , Naghavi Seyed Vahid
Published: December 2012

This paper presents a control study of the real Shiraz 250KW solar power plant together with a modeling and a monitoring interface. Here, a PID controller is developed to control the outlet oil temperature of the collector field of the solar power plant as a standard tool for industrial automation. First the power plant is modeled within MATLAB environment and the model is verified with the real data of the power plant. Then an HMI environment is developed within the LabVIEWsoftwarewhile incorporating the model developed in MATLAB. The simulation results showed that a fixed-coefficient PID failed to provide the desired results over a year and the best coefficients for each month were calculated. The friendly and accurate developed environment within MATLAB and LabVIEW provide a valuable tool for modeling and control studies and monitoring of the real power plant.
Improve the Condition of the Energy Consumption of the Refinery Based on the Exergy Theory
Authors: Jia Mou , Song Xiao Zhong
Published: December 2012

People used to evaluate the energy consumption of the refineries in the quantity respect. There is a need to add quality indicators in the evaluation indicators. The energy consumption indicators about the energy quality are discussed in this paper. And the indicators were used in evaluating the performance of a realistic energy-saving-project. The result shows that choosing appropriate energy with the right quality can save energy resources.
A Review of Foreign Researches on Energy and Environment Field: Based on the Research Perspective of CGE Model
Authors: Liang Wei , Zhang Hui Ying
Published: December 2012

Policy modeling has been widely applied in the economy, environment and other fields. As one of a core technology, CGE model plays an irreplaceable role in all areas of policy modeling studies. In this paper, the authors sort out the development context of CGE model. Given the energy and environment issues have become increasingly prominent, this paper analyzes the international research emphasis and research results of CGE model that have been achieved in the fields of energy and environment policy modeling. Finally, given the inadequacy of existing research and with the current trends in the field of policy simulation and management practices, the authors predict future research trends of the application of CGE model.
Modeling and Simulation of Wear in PTFE Lip Seals
Authors: Sun Jian Wei , Wang Li Qin , Gu Le
Published: December 2012

Radial lip seals made from PTFE composites are used more frequently for sealing of crank shafts in automotive and aerospace industries. Due to the seal loses materials and finally fails. Through experiment on a test rig, the tribology performance of seal can be predicted. Because of the non-linear elasto-viscoplastc material properties of PTFE composites, the finite element analysis (FEA) is adopted. A modified iterative remeshing method is adopted in wear process. The lip wears out according to the contact pressure of the node on the contact surface. Comparisons between numerical simulation and short-term service are made. The results show that the maximum of contact pressure decreased and width increased with wear time added, and the maximum of contact pressure moves toward the lip tip. Finally, it reaches lip tip, the phenomenon of uneven contact pressure was disappeared.
Study on Determination of Best Window-Wall Ratio of Office Building in Cold Area
Authors: Zhou Zhi Hua , Hu Shan , Du Tao
Published: December 2012

The cooling and heating load caused by the heat transfer of the window is significantly greater than that caused by the heat transfer of wall because of the large heat transfer coefficient of the window. At the same time, the sun radiate heat through the window into indoor can increase the cooling load and decrease the heating load; the natural lighting enhances, and the lighting energy consumption decreases because of entering sunlight. The paper took a low energy consumption office building in the northern China for example, synthetically analyzed the cooling energy consumption, heating energy consumption and lighting energy consumption of every orientation under the condition of lighting control or no lighting control. The results show that comparing with no lighting control, the energy consumption with lighting control is less. When using lighting control, the best WWR of south, north, east, west are 0.35, 0.3, 0.3, 0.25, respectively; then the building energy saving rate is 8.2%.
Optimization Research of the Comprehensive Coke Rate of Blast Furnace Based on the Operational Characteristic of Auxiliary Materials
Authors: Zhang Hua , Feng Zhao Hui , Wang Yan Hong
Published: December 2012

With the in-depth study on the blast furnace iron-making process and the operational characteristic of auxiliary materials in iron-making process, the comprehensive coke rate’s main influencing factors based on the operation characteristics of auxiliary materials were found. Then, a BP neural network model was used to simulate the mathematic mapping relationship between comprehensive coke rate and main influencing factors. Based on the established BP neural network model, through setting the comprehensive coke rate lowest as the goal and using the actual production data of a iron &steel company’s 6# blast furnace ,a genetic algorithm method is adopted to find the best optimal combination among the main influencing factors. The results show that after optimization calculation the comprehensive coke rate could be reduced about 35.85kg. A new perspective and a scientific method are proposed to realize the target of energy conservation and emission reduction in ironmaking process in this paper.
Optimization of Economy Shift Schedule for Automated Mechanical Transmission in a Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Authors: Liu Zhen Tong , He Hong Wen , Li Wei Qing
Published: December 2012

Power train of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) equipped with automated mechanical transmission (AMT) is made up of engine, electric motor, batteries and propulsion system. Shift schedule can’t be worked out with the same way of conventional AMT vehicle. Based on the optimal torque distribution strategy and analysis of the driving efficiency for parallel hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), a new economy shift schedule for PHEVs equipped with AMT is proposed to maximize the driving efficiency. The MATLAB/CRUISE co-simulation results show that the proposed shift schedule can more efficiently improve the fuel economy performance.
Mesoporous Thin Films: Thermoelectric Application
Authors: Hong Min Hee , Park Chang Sun , Choi Yong June , Lee Hong Sup , Park Hyung Ho
Published: December 2012

The efficiency of a thermoelectric device depends on material properties through the figure of merit, Z = σS2/κ, where σ, S, and κ are electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity, respectively. To maximize the thermoelectric figure of merit of a material, high electrical conductivity, high Seebeck coefficient, and low thermal conductivity are required. This work has focused on the synthesis of a mesoporous titania films for its application in thermoelectric generation. The mesoporous titania film was synthesized with titanium tetraisopropoxide. The triblock copolymer, Pluronic P-123 (EO20PO70EO20) was used as surfactant in 1-propanol. As a result, an improvement of electrical conductivity and reduced annealing with a lowering of thermal conductivity by distributions of pores were found to be effective to enhance the thermoelectric property.
The Pure Electric Vehicle Dynamic Performance Simulation
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Guo Min Rui , Zhang Pei
Published: December 2012

Modeling and simulation technology is the key technical one of researching and developing pure electric car. Firstly analyzes system structure of the simulation software ADVISOR (Advanced Vehicle Simulator), use ADVISOR to model and simulate the dynamic performance of the pure electric vehicle. And then take a pure electric vehicle for example, mainly simulate the dynamic performance in the way of the typical working conditions CYC_UDDS, and compare dynamic performance simulation results under two different transmission, optimalize dynamic performance of pure electric vehicle.
Finite Element Modal Analysis for Steam Turbine Blade Based on ANSYS
Authors: Wang Lu , Ye Shun Qiang , Meng Rui
Published: December 2012

In response to the vibration fatigue fracture of the steam turbine blade,we construct the 3D model of cracked blade based on the actual crack location,then modal analysis is conducted to the blade with crack and one without crack using the finite element software ANSYS.Thus,we can get the respective natural frequencies and the figure of main vibration modes.The comprasion results show that the existence of the crack can make the natural frequencies of blades drop and the blades have the greatest sway and twisting deformation along the Y axis.These characteristics above can effectively identify the presence of blade cracked. It has crucial meaning for achieving cracked blade online monitoring.
Corona Detection System on Insulators via Acoustic Emissions
Authors: Rennó Marco Antônio Martins , Bonaldi Erik Leandro , Oliveira Levy Ely Lacerda , Silva Jonas Guedes Borges , Lambert-Torres Germano
Published: December 2012

This paper presents a computational package and equipment with the purpose to detect corona problems of insulators in transmission lines. Low-cost equipment detects presence of corona, via acoustic emissions and stores them in a memory. These data are processed by computer programs. The applicability of this equipment is immediate for any transmission company, because the perfect understanding of the operational capacity of its lines in various operating conditions and climate change allows for a safer operation with improvement of quality of service provided.
Analysis of Shock Effect Generated by Vehicles on Human Body under HVAC Transmission Lines
Authors: Ma Ai Qing , Chen Lei
Published: December 2012

The shock effect has been analyzed when the human body touches different types of vehicles in power frequency electric field. It solved the problem of influence of induced voltage generated by high voltage AC Power Lines on human Body. The induced voltage value of the human body and three different types of vehicles has been calculated by the soft of ANSYS in this paper. The results indicate that the human body will be shocked by two processes of transient and steady state. The influence of shock effect of transient and steady state on human body has been selectively analyzed when the human body touches vehicles. The proposed models and algorithm has the advantages of simple calculation procedure, small calculation burden and convenient to engineering application. It can be applied to the shock effect when the human body touches metal objects with different potential in power frequency electric field. It is worth being populated.
The Propagation Characteristics of Partial Discharge Signals in Enclose Busbar
Authors: Zhang Fei , Fu Jiao , Li Jie
Published: December 2012

Time-domain waveform of partial discharge (PD) signals of generator stator is distorted in enclosed busbar by the influence of distribution parameters of electrical equipment and different connection structure of enclose busbar. To research propagation characteristics of PD signals, a model of enclosed busbar between generator busbar exports and main transformer is established by using EMTP-ATP software. To analyze the propagation characteristics of time-domain waveform, voltage and current wave of PD signals are simulated. Voltage wave and current wave will be carried out fast fourier transform (FFT) algorithm by the use of MATLAB, frequency-domain characteristics are analyzed. It follows that the influence of time-domain waveform and frequency-domain characteristics of PD signals. The basic theories is provided for the location of PD signal monitoring sensor.
Explore Impacts of Urban Compactness on Energy Consumption
Authors: Chang Hsueh Sheng , Chen Tzu Ling , Wang Chi Fei
Published: December 2012

Anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) result in global climate destabilization, and the elements of GHGs associated with climate change are now well understood and a link to urban GHGs emissions has been well articulated. Compact city concept has been proposed for a while to response high energy consumption and GHGs emission in urban area. However, over compact might come up some problems, such as over-crowded of population, buildings, and cars which brining up other environmental issues. This study attempts to investigate potential negative impacts of urban compactness on energy consumption. The result shows that under a threshold of high density and mixed land use, it might come up energy saving outcome. However, it will become energy consumption while exceeding the threshold.
Stabilization of Large-Scale Wind Power Generation by Combination of Pumped Storage Generation with Archimedean Screw
Authors: Uehara Soichiro , Nishijima Katsutoshi , Mitobe Masaki , Ma Jing Hao , Zhai Ya Zhou , Gon Shao Yan , Sugawara Akira
Published: December 2012

Electric power storage facilities for stabilization of the voltage and the frequency are necessary to interconnect wind power generations with power systems. However, conventional pumped storage generation systems can’t combine with wind power generations because these can’t work intermittently. Therefore we consider a new system featuring a pumped storage generation with the Archimedean screw. The Archimedean screw can hold water without electricity supplied, and can continue pumping while it is powered on. Therefore, the Archimedean screw enables the combination of the pumped storage generation and wind power generation. In this study, simulation has been done to examine the feasibility.
Coordinated Control Strategies between Photovoltaic Power Plant in MW Level and the Power Grid
Authors: Wang Kang Ning , Yang Chao Ying , Wang Jin Hao , Liu Lin
Published: December 2012

The paper proposed control strategies for a large-scale photovoltaic power plant in different operating modes in order to improve the utilization of solar energy and power quality of the integration. Take one 3MW photovoltaic power plant as an example, the energy storage device was used as the node to provide frequency and voltage support during the switching period. Then the photovoltaic power generation simulation model was built based on the MW level photovoltaic power plant’s information and data on the PSCAD/EMTDC software platform. This model achieved a coordinated control between photovoltaic power generation and the grid under different operating modes. The simulation result also proved the effectiveness of the control strategies and the significance in ensuring the reliability of power supply and grid stability.
Three-Phase AC Variable Frequency Speed Adjustment Controller Based on FPGA
Authors: Lv Chang Zhi , Gao Ting , Xin Guo Zhi , Zhou Yuan Yuan
Published: December 2012

In the paper, the three-phase ac motor is used as the controlled station and the FPGA device EP1C3T144C8 is adopted as the control core. Aiming at the flexibility of the variable frequency system based on SPWM, the DDS technique is introduced. The process of speed adjustment is conducted by AC motor by the three-phase supply with tunable frequency generated by inverter switch device based on SPWM signal. With rational structure and simplified design, this project can generate stable SPWM signal, high frequency resolution and fast switching speed.
Modeling of Wellbore Overall Heat Transfer in Circulation
Authors: Song Hui Fang , Wang Rui He , Ni Hong Jian
Published: December 2012

Heat is transferred between the fluid and the surroundings in the wellbore. Quantitative knowledge of wellbore heat transfer is important in drilling and production operations. A new model of wellbore heat transfer using finite element analysis is developed in this study. This solution assumes the heat transfer in the wellbore is steady state and only happens in radial direction. The model considers heat gained due to wellbore pressure loss in circulation, which is more accurate in temperature calculation. The overall heat resistance in the wellbore is analyzed, taking into account the film heat transfer coefficients difference between the tube and the annulus. Previous literature has been reviewed to determine the correlation which can be used in the model.
The Study on the Battery Modeling through the Mathematical Modeling Techniques of High-Power Lithium-Polymer Battery for HEV
Authors: Seo Dong Woo , Koo Ja Kyung , Kim Il Song
Published: December 2012

This paper proposes the battery mathematical for modeling HEV(Hybrid Electrical Vehicle) high-power lithium-polymer battery. The nonlinear characteristics of Lithium Battery are expressed by the state equation. The battery parameters are obtained by the least square method to minimize errors using charge and discharge driving cycle data. The proposed method is verified by the battery cycler.
Advanced Refrigerating Plants Based on Transcritical Cycles Working with Carbon Dioxide for Commercial Refrigeration
Authors: La Rocca Vincenzo , Messineo Antonio , Morale Massimo , Dispenza Antonella , Panno Domenico
Published: December 2012

Supermarkets and hypermarkets require a huge amount of energy to maintain chilled and frozen food in product display cases and cold storage rooms and thermal comfort in the whole building. Systems exploited require very large refrigerant charges for operation and suffer significant leakages. The challenge for advanced systems, based on equipment which reduce TEWI, suggests the proposal of carbon dioxide: a natural working fluid. This paper deals with a feasibility study of a refrigerating system for a big hypermarket in Sicily based on a three-stage transcritical cycle working with carbon dioxide which is compared with an alternative system composed of two cycles operating as a binary refrigerating plant: a top cycle working with propane and a bottom cycle working with carbon dioxide. The cold is produced at two temperature: - 15°C and -35°C. In both alternative systems, cold at -15°C will be delivered to display cases, cold stores etc. by means of a secondary loop into which circulates a refrigerant fluid (e.g. an ethylene-glycol solution), while cold at -35°C will be delivered by another loop into which circulates directly liquid carbon dioxide. Main results obtained demonstrate the effective feasibility of plants which seem suitable for commercial refrigeration, bearing in mind that is of capital relevance the best operating efficiency of the secondary loop system. This depends mainly on thorough design and building of the secondary loops, especially for those which op erate at lower temperature.
Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Pearl River Delta
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zhao Jia Jia , Song Ai Min , Song Ming Wei
Published: December 2012

The objective of this study was to quantify PAHs exposure level for different resident groups and to estimate the incremental lifetime cancer risk for people in the Pearl River Delta. A multimedia/multipathway exposure model recommended by USEPA was employed in this study. Results indicated that the average cancer risk of exposure to PAH16 was 2.63×10-5 a-1 and the loss of life expectancy was 163.48 minutes. Considering the large amounts of PAHs emitted into the ambient environment in China and the loss of life expectancy, it is extremely important to take a preliminary health risk assessment of citizens exposed to PAHs in the Pearl River Delta.
The Economic Comparisons and Introduction to China of the Kyoto Mechanisms
Authors: Wang Su Feng , Bai Yu
Published: December 2012

The Kyoto mechanisms are important cost-effective ways of CO2 reduction for Annex I countries in the Kyoto Protocol. This paper makes a comparison among international emission trading (IET), joint implementation (JI) and clean development mechanism (CDM) on development potentials and economic efficiencies; builds a state-space decision model for the government to encourage enterprises to invest more in project-based mitigation; then presents the pareto optimality conditions. Some conclusions and suggestions for the introduction to China of Kyoto mechanisms are provided finally.
Performance Optimization of Building Integrated-Mounted Wind Turbine
Authors: Milanese Marco , de Risi Arturo , Laforgia Domenico
Published: December 2012

Building integrated-mounted wind turbine (BUWT) is one of the most promising renewable energy devices. However, this renewable energy technology is not fully spread principally due to two factors such as uncertainty in the prediction of wind velocity and high turbulence intensity around the building. In this work, the Taguchi method and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) on a horizontal-axis wind turbine has been applied, to study the influence of geometrical parameters such as building depth, width and height, as well as turbine position on the roof and turbine height. To evaluate the above-cited effects, the airflow around an isolated building of parametrical dimension has been simulated using a Computation Fluid Dynamic (CFD) code calibrated against experimental data in a previous paper from the authors. The results reported in the present paper outline the relative effects of the main building geometrical parameters on the performance of a rooftop installed wind turbine and establish basic guidelines for the optimal location of such turbines.
Photopatterning Based on a Chemically Amplified Mechanism Nano-Sheet Films
Authors: Li Tie Sheng , He Xiao Hang , Zou Ke Ke , Xu Wen Jian , Wu Ynag Jie , Miyashita Tokuji
Published: December 2012

In the paper, an approach for introducing a photoacid generator (PAG) into Langmuir- Blodgett (LB) films to draw photopatterns is described. The chemically amplified positive-tone resist system used here consisted of two components: a copolymer, poly(iso-pentylmethacrylamide- co-4-t-butyloxylvinylphenylcarbonate) [poly(iPMA-t-BVPC39)] and a photoacid generator (PAG), tri(2,3-dibrompropyl)iso-cyanvrate (TDBPIC). In the two-component system, the acid generated by the photoacid generator (PAG) catalyzes the deprotection reaction of poly(iPMA-t-BVPC39) to re- move the tert-butoxycarbonyl group (t-BOC) in the exposed region during the post exposure baking process, thus rendering the exposure region soluble to alkali aqueous to form a positive tone. Phhot- olithographic properties of the LB films have been evaluated. The patterns can be resolved with a resolution of 1 μm line width by UV irradiation,followed by development with an alkali solution. Quantum yield is determined to be 0.065 and catalytic chain length is also calculated to be 2460. The LB films used above can be used to generate etched gold patterns on a glass substrate using an aqueous iodide, ammonium iodide in alcohol /water，as the etchant. The etch resistance of such LB films is sufficiently good, allowing patterning of a gold film suitable for photomask fabrication.
Evaluation of Formaldehyde Emission from Particleboard Using the Large Chamber and Desiccator Method
Authors: Que Ze Li , Ma Ling Fei , Wang Fei Bin , Furuno Takeshi
Published: December 2012

The formaldehyde emission from particleboard using different method was investigated in this study. It was found that there is a good correlation between different air exchange rates as they relate to the same product-loading ratio in the large chamber. There was also an indication of a generic correlation between the large chamber and the two-hour desiccator test with a single product designated loading ratio, air exchange rate, and climatic conditions.
Research on Recycling Technology of Vanadium Extracting Waste
Authors: Jiang Long Kui , Zou Xiang Fei
Published: December 2012

Based on the features of vanadium extracting waste in PanGang, technology ideas are proposed as following: vanadium extracting waste ash is used as coolant in converter, vanadium extracting and vanadium extracting residue is used as slagging material in steelmaking. Influence of slagging material on oxidability of molten steel in converter is analyzed, such as iron and steel consumption, effect of dephosphorization, influence of coolant on semisteel quality after extracting vanadium, and quality of vanadium slag. New way to utilize the waste is developed. Recycling the vanadium extracting waste in PanGang, mitigate the environmental pressure.
Analysis and Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution of Surface Soil in Baicheng City
Authors: Wang Gang
Published: December 2012

In the thesis, the pollution condition of heavy metals in the soil is evaluated by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method through testing and analyzing content of heavy metals (As Cd Cr Cu Hg Ni Pb Zn) in 400 sampling points within 400km2 near Baicheng City; and types and sources of pollutions of heavy metals in the soil in Baicheng City are analyzed and studied by factor analysis method. scientific proof for soil improvement and phytoremediation in this area can be provided. It is indicated through the integrated evaluation of the test result that the living quarter, the main road area and the green belt are polluted slightly; the industrial area is polluted moderately. It can be seen through comprehensive analysis that there are three main sources of heavy metal pollutions in the surface soil in Baicheng City: industrial pollution source, traffic pollution source and house pollution source. Therefore, effective measures shall be taken by the local people in the protection of the soil encountered with the various pollution status of the functional areas.
Resonance Rayleigh Scattering Spectral Determination of Vitamin C by Nanogold Catalysis
Authors: Wen Gui Qing , Jiang Zhi Liang
Published: December 2012

The nanogold catalysis effect on the reaction between HAuCl4 and Vitamin C (VC) was studied by resonance Rayleigh scattering (RS) spectroscopy at 540 nm, and a simple, rapid RS spectral method was established to determine VC. Under the chosen conditions, the increased intensity at 540 nm was linear to the VC concentration in the range of 7×10-6-2.8×10-4mol/L, with a regression equation of ΔI540 = 2.98 CVC + 13.4, a correlation coefficient of 0.9909 and a detection limit of 2×10-6 mol/L VC. The proposed method was applied to detect VC content in VC tablets and beverage samples, with simplicity, rapidity and accuracy.
Removal of Caramel Pigment from Sauce Wastewater by Electrocoagulation Process Using Aluminum Electrodes
Authors: Li Xiao Long , Li Tao Tao , Zhang Feng Qin
Published: December 2012

Electrocoagulation(EC) process is an effective method for the removal caramel from wastewater. In this study, the removal of caramel pigment from sauce wastewater has been studied by EC treatment with aluminum electrodes. The effects of electrolysis time and the initial pH of the sauce wastewater on the removal efficiency of caramel pigment have been investigated. The results indicated that the initial pH of sauce wastewater has a significant effect on the removal efficiency. When the initial pH was kept in the range of 4-8, all aluminum cations produced at the anode formed the insoluble coagulants, leading to a more effective treatment. Flocs formed by the EC process were analyzed by FTIR and the results have been explained.
Study on the Recycling of Waste Old Ship-Wood
Authors: Zhang Zhong Feng , Huang Kai , Gao Jing Shu
Published: December 2012

By introducing the supply and demand of China's wood resources, it summed up the necessity and problems of the recycling of waste wood. Then it presented that studying on the recycling of waste old ship-wood could provide new ideas for the recycling of waste wood. And then it in detail discussed that using which ways and means to achieve the efficient and high value-added recycling of waste old ship-wood on the premise of low-cost, green and environmental protection, and energy conservation and emissions reduction. And finally it pointed out that designers play key roles in the process of recycling waste wood and the recycling of waste wood has an expansive industrialization foreground which can boost the construction of “two-oriented society”.
Study on Risk Analysis and Control of Oil Tank Based on Environmental Safety
Authors: Yong Qi Dong , Chen Yang , Wang Yao
Published: December 2012

Risk analysis and calculation about different position from oil tank, is to supply the scientific basis on risk control and design of precaution device. The risk factors of the oil tank as the start is analyzed, and risk concept model under several uncertain influences of storage medium, storage amount, newness extent,distance among oil tanks and environment is established;the different position of oil tank risk calculation models and their risk levels precaution method under single tank coupled with several tanks are put forward. According to the case simulated, the method can be used in risk control.
The Effect of Polyacrylamide on Floc Structure of Typical Systems
Authors: Jin Peng Kang , Feng Yong Ning , Xu Jie , Wang Xian Bao
Published: December 2012

Based on that floc structure is an important factor that influencing the coagulation effect and the post-treatment load, the effect of PAM on floc structure of typical system is analyzed and evaluated in this paper. The results show that PAM has a notable influence on floc morphological structure characteristics. For inorganic turbid system, the fractal dimension and diameter of kaolin flocs adding PAM are bigger than that formed by adding aluminum sulfate merely, and the shear-resistant ability of flocs is stronger. With regard to dissolved organic system, adding PAM under two typical pH conditions, the floc morphological characteristic has the same variation with that in inorganic turbid system. PAM could improve the floc morphological structure. However, the improving effect will be relatively weaker under slightly acidic condition, which indicates that the chemical effect of PAM is restrained under this condition. While for the coexisting system, PAM shows an obvious improvement on floc structure under two pH conditions, the floc is compact, bigger and with a higher strength. The chemical effect of PAM is not restrained under slightly acidic condition, which may owe to the interaction between PAM and inorganic suspended materials and dissolved organics in coexisting system.
Micro-Morphology and Micro-Area Chemical Characteristics of the Nickel-Carrying Minerals in the Garnierite
Authors: Fu Wei , Huang Xiao Rong , Chen Hong Yi , Niu Hu Jie , Yang Meng Li
Published: December 2012

To understand the nickel supergene enrichment mechanism in the lateritic process, we have conducted a preliminary analysis of the micro-morphology and micro-area chemical characteristics of the nickel-carrying minerals of garnierite, sampled from the Kolonodale area of Sulawesi Island in Indonesia. The SEM + EDS analysis shows that, the main nickel-carrying minerals in garnierite are serpentine and talc. The micro-morphology of the talc is fragmented and in piling structure. The micro-morphology of serpentine manifested tubular, fibrous, plate-like and other morphologies, showing the staggered and twisted, mesh-cross and sheet-interwoven structures, etc. The EPMA line scan analysis shows that the mineral types of garnierite samples are mainly of serpentine, talc, olivine and pyroxene debris, containing small amount of quartz, chrome spinel, etc. The Ni content varies a lot in the different minerals, and the nickel-carrying level sorting from high to low is: talc> secondary serpentine> iddingsite > residual serpentine> residual spinel> secondary quartz.
Characteristics of TVOC, Aldehydes and Ketones Emitted from Fiber Dryer in Manufacturing of HDF Made from Poplar and Pine
Authors: Huang Shan , Zhou Pei Guo , Lu Zhi Gang , Zhang Gui Zhen , Sang Wen Bin , Zhou Han Dong , Ding Tao
Published: December 2012

This study, by means of GC-MS and HPLC, investiagted the characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from fiber dryer in a high density fiberboard (HDF) production line with a production capacity of 100,000 m3/a. The quantity of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), aldehydes and ketones were calculated. The results showed that the concentration of VOCs reached 0.5275 mg/m3. The main components include benzenes series (42.7%), terpenes (11.0% alpha pinene), alkanes (11.2%), anhydrides (4.7%) and aldehydes (3.1%). The concentration of the mixture of aldehydes and ketones was 8.8594 mg/m3. The annual emission of TVOC and the mixture of aldehydes and ketones from HDF fiber dryer were 836 kg/a and 14033 kg/a, respectively.
Investigation of the Treatment of Wastewater Using Activated Sludge Process
Authors: Afolabi Ayo Samuel , Johnson Oluwagbenga , Abdulkareem Ambali Saka , Oluwaseyi Bada Samson
Published: December 2012

The treatment of wastewater with activated sludge process has been received with a great attention for decades. However, the effective application of this field is not as widely spread. In this study, the treatment of wastewater was investigated, and samples were collected and ascertained. The process operation was monitored and major observation and findings were noted. Consistent pH of 7.4 was almost maintained. High nutrients removal efficiency was sustained with low concentration of nitrates and phosphates in effluent wastewater. Suspended solids removal was satisfactory, although undesired spike of 19 mg/l and three undesired values beyond >15mg/l were measured. The micronutrient metals such as Al and Zn were found to be high with highest concentration of 113600 mg/kg and 940 mg/kg. The maximum concentration of 300 mg/kg and 332 mg/kg of Mn and Cr respectively were recorded.
Analysis and Experimentation of Multi-S Rotors for Vertical Wind Turbine Applications
Authors: ElBeheiry E.M. , El-Askary W.A.
Published: December 2012

This article presents a new, multi-foil-blades (multi-S) rotor and compare its performance potentials with traditional (Single-S) Savomius rotor . Theoretical and experimental investigations show that the performance of the multi-S rotor is better than the other classical designs of Savonius rotor in terms of the resulting power factor. Analytical equations for power and torque factors are developed for both the single- and multi-S rotors with ideal flow assumed. These equations are proven very effective in describing the performance potentials of these rotors for a range of speed ratio less than or equals 0.7. This result is experimentally justified for both types of rotors. For speed ratios higher than 0.7, a remarkable deviation occurs between the theoretical performance measures provided by the developed equations and the experimentally measured ones. A geometric design parameter which depends on the internal construction of the proposed multi-S rotor is found to be of great impact on the attained power factor. A power factor for the multi-S rotor can be much more than that of a single-S one having the same height and outer size according to the chosen values of this design parameter.
Thermal Analysis of Recycled Gypsum from Construction and Demolition Waste
Authors: Camarini Gladis , Pinheiro Sayonara M.M. , Tannous Katia
Published: December 2012

Construction and demolition waste has in its composition gypsum plaster which is a soil and groundwater contaminating material. Some works have been developed to recyle this gypsum waste. The aim of this work is to show a thermal analysis of recycled plaster. The recycled plaster was produced through a recycling process consisting of grinding and burnig the gypsum waste. Physical and thermal properties (TGA/DTA) from both commercial and recycled gypsum plaster were analysed. The results show a recycled plaster with similarities with commercial plaster, showing the possibility to reuse this waste in construction works.
IBIS Model-Based Simulation Study on Variation of Ecological Carbon Sink Potential in Shenzhen City
Authors: Liu Wei Ling , Zhang Lin Bo , Gong Bin
Published: December 2012

IBIS (Integrated Biosphere Simulator) model is an ecosystem process model, which represents the research direction of a global carbon cycle simulation. Based on the existing research achievements, the regional ecological carbon sink potential is simulated from point to surface with a long time serie of meteorological data (1954-2010), data on different ecosystem vegetation types, soil texture data, terrain data and remote sensing data. The results are listed as follows: there is no significant variation of potential carbon sink of Shenzhen vegetation over the past 30 years, carbon sequestration caapcity ranges within 43.52-55.82×104Mg C/a, and the potential carbon sink intensity value within 0-624 C/m2/a. Precipitation is a main factor which influnces the ecosystem carbon sink intensity in Shenzhen City. The carbon sink intensity of ecosystem is increased with more annual precipitation.
Research on Chromaticity Characterization Methods of the Ink Trapping
Authors: Liu Jiang Hao , Gao Shao Hong
Published: December 2012

The practical applied formula are based on the density measurement in ink trapping characterization methods, but the density measurement is more suitable for detecting single color printing effect. Due to the defects of the testing equipment, the density measurement is not suitable for the evaluation of ink trapping. Chromaticity evaluation method bases on the color difference between the sample color values and the ideal color values to evaluate ink trapping effects, which can characterize better on the ink trapping effects. Research results showed that the density evaluation method has many deficiencies, and Neugebauer equations predict on the chroma evaluation method doesn’t reach an enough precise to get the ideal value about the secondary overprinting, while the color value which is measured by spectroscopic measurement by experimental methods can be used as the ideal color value of the chromaticity evaluation method. Study on the comparison between density evaluation method and chroma evaluation method of ink trapping, the relative conclusions about advantages and disadvantages of different ink trapping characterization methods will be summarized.
A Self-Environment Adaption Model for Cross-Media Reproduction of Digital Image
Authors: Xu Xiang Yang , Wang Li Jie , Chen Qiao
Published: December 2012

A self- environment adaption model for cross-media reproduction of digital image is presented in this paper.This model is used to color conversion, makes image adaptive display according to ambient light changes. Experimental results show that this model can be used in all kinds of image processing systems for the displaying of image, particularly suitable for handheld image display apparatus.