bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The efficiency of linear Fresnel reflectors in producing superheated steam for power plant drive
Authors: Ghodbane Mokhtar , Majdak Marek , Boumeddane Boussad
Published: November 2021

Solar energy is one of the most important sources of renewable energies, which is widely used in many fields, such as electricity production through direct production of superheated steam based on Linear Fresnel Reflector. This study aims to show the optical and thermal behavior of linear Fresnel solar reflectors field directed to the electricity production in El-Oued region at Algeria. Four days of different weather data have been selected to track the change in solar field performance. Numerical optical modeling has shown that the optical performance of the solar field has reached 53.60 %, while the thermal study based on the numerical solution of the energy balance equations of the receiver tube proved that the thermal efficiency was 37.3 % and the average thermal loss coefficient was limited between 5.72 and 5.98 W/m²K. As for the superheated steam temperature, the lowest value was recorded in December with a value of 501 K. The results obtained are very compelling and encouraging to invest in this low-cost technology.
Determining the possibility of placing turbine systems for hydraulic regulation and production of electrical energy in the District Heating Network in Krakow
Authors: Natkaniec Piotr , Dzierwa Piotr
Published: November 2021

This article presents the methods of specifying the potentiality of energy recovery in the turbine installations projected to hydraulic regulation of the heating medium in the Krakow District Heating System. To achieve this, creating hydraulic calculations enabling to indicate the best places to install turbines in District Heating System is necessary. For this reason, a great amount of work - like choosing a methodology and optimal calculation program, creating an actual database for calculations - has to be done. Hydraulic calculations will also help to determine optimal parameters of future instalments, select the most suitable devices necessary for the proper working of turbine installations and create the future impact assessment to District Heating System.
Alternative variable refrigerant flow (VRF) air conditioning systems with rational distribution of thermal load
Authors: Radchenko Mykola , Bohdal Tadeusz , Radchenko Andrii , Trushliakov Eugeniy , Tkachenko Veniamin , Zielikov Oleksii , Tzaran Felix
Published: November 2021

One of the most attractive reserves of enhancing the energetic efficiency of air conditioning systems (ACS) is to provide operation of compressors in closed to nominal modes by choosing the rational design refrigeration capacities and their distribution according to current thermal loading to provide closed to maximum annual refrigeration energy generation. Generally, the overall thermal load band of any ACS comprises the unstable load range, corresponding to ambient air precooling with significant load fluctuations, and a comparatively stable load part for further air conditioning from a threshold temperature to a target value. The stable thermal load range can be covered by operation of conventional compressor in closed to nominal mode, meantime ambient air precooling needs load modulation by applying a variable speed compressor. A proposed ACS enables a wide range of refrigerant flow variation without heat flux drop in air coolers and can be considered as advanced alternative to variable refrigerant flow systems.
Phase-shifting digital holography with an unknown reference beam
Authors: Yazdani Roghayeh , Fallah Hamidreza
Published: November 2021

In digital holography, errors of the reference field degrade the quality of the reconstructed object field. In this paper, we propose an effective method in phase-shifting digital holography in which the reference field does not need to be known and perfect. The unknown complex amplitudes of both reference and object fields are derived simultaneously. The method employs only five digital holograms and a single execution of a phase retrieval algorithm. So, the required measurements and algorithm executions in this method are fewer than those in other methods; it suggests a simpler and faster method. The effectiveness of the suggested method is indicated by simulation, under noise-free and noisy conditions. Moreover, the capability of the method to extract full information about the phase singularities in both fields is demonstrated.
Rheumatologische Erkrankungen und der
Gastrointestinaltrakt
Authors: Maul Jochen
Published: November 2021

Die meisten rheumatologischen Krankheitsbilder können Einfluss auf den
Gastrointestinaltrakt haben. Dabei können intestinale Manifestationen
(z. B. rheumatoide Vaskulitis, IgG4-assoziierte Pankreatitis,
IgG4-assoziierte Cholangitis, Lupus-Enteritis, Polyarteriitis nodosa, Purpura
Schoenlein-Henoch, nekrotisierende Vaskulitis), assoziierte intestinale
Erkrankungen (chronisch-entzündliche Darmerkrankungen (CED),
Zöliakie) und intestinale Komplikationen der rheumatologischen
Erkrankung (z. B. Amyloidose, erosive Refluxerkrankung bei Sklerodermie)
bzw. ihrer Behandlung (z. B. NSAR-Magenulcus, MTX-Mukositis,
Soor-Ösophagitis, intestinale Tuberkulose, ulzerierende
HSV-Ösophagitis, CMV-Kolitis) voneinander abgegrenzt werden. Dadurch
kommen gastrointestinale Symptome bei Patienten mit rheumatologischen
Erkrankungen sehr häufig vor. Die Diagnosestellung (er)fordert
Gastroenterologen im interdisziplinären Behandlungsnetzwerk mit
Rheumatologen. Insbesondere bei Behandlung von CED ergeben sich für die
überschneidenden Zulassungsindikationen der zur Verfügung
stehenden Medikamente in der interdisziplinären Absprache zwischen
Rheumatologen und Gastroenterologen synergistische Behandlungsoptionen.
Validation of Risk Assessment Models Predicting Venous Thromboembolism in Inpatients with Acute Exacerbation Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Multicenter Cohort Study in China
Authors: Zhou Chen , Yi Qun , Ge Huiqing , Wei Hailong , Liu Huiguo , Zhang Jianchu , Luo Yuanming , Pan Pinhua , Zhang Jiarui , Peng Lige , Aili Adila , Liu Yu , Wang Maoyun , Tang Yongjiang , Wang Lan , Zhong Xia , Wang Yixi , Zhou Haixia ,   On behalf of the MAGNET AECOPD Registry Investigators
Published: November 2021

Background Inpatients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are at increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE); however, the prophylaxis for VTE is largely underused in China. Identifying high-risk patients requiring thromboprophylaxis is critical to reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with VTE. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the validities of the Padua Prediction Score and Caprini risk assessment model (RAM) in predicting the risk of VTE in inpatients with AECOPD in China.

Methods The inpatients with AECOPD were prospectively enrolled from seven medical centers of China between September 2017 and January 2020. Caprini and Padua scores were calculated on admission, and the incidence of 3-month VTE was investigated.

Results Among the 3,277 eligible patients with AECOPD, 128 patients (3.9%) developed VTE within 3 months after admission. The distribution of the study population by the Caprini risk level was as follows: high, 53.6%; moderate, 43.0%; and low, 3.5%. The incidence of VTE increased by risk level as high, 6.1%; moderate, 1.5%; and low, 0%. According to the Padua RAM, only 10.9% of the study population was classified as high risk and 89.1% as low risk, with the corresponding incidence of VTE of 7.9 and 3.4%, respectively. The Caprini RAM had higher area under curve compared with the Padua RAM (0.713 ± 0.021 vs. 0.644 ± 0.023, p = 0.029).

Conclusion The Caprini RAM was superior to the Padua RAM in predicting the risk of VTE in inpatients with AECOPD and might better guide thromboprophylaxis in these patients.
Copper(II)-Catalyzed [3+2] Annulation of Thioamides with AIBN: Facile Access to Highly Functionalized Thiazolidin-4-ones
Authors: Singh Maya Shankar , Pali Pragya , Yadav Dhananjay , Shukla Gaurav
Published: November 2021

An efficient and versatile copper-catalyzed intermolecular radical [3+2] annulation of thioamides with azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) is described. This two-component copper(II)-catalyzed transformation is achieved in one pot via cascade formation of C–S/C–N bonds through cyclization of an in situ generated N,S-acetal intermediate derived from a β-ketothioamide. This operationally simple method allows direct access to synthetically demanding thiazolidin-4-ones in good to excellent yields containing diverse functional groups of different electronic and steric nature. The readily available reaction partners, the avoidance of expensive/toxic reagents and a gram-scale synthesis are additional attributes of this strategy. AIBN plays a dual role as a radical initiator and an unusual source of a two-carbon coupling partner. Notably, the products possess Z stereochemistry with regard to the exo­cyclic C=C double bond at position 2 of the thiazolidine ring.
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Personality Types of Ophthalmology Residents
Authors: Haidar Mohamad , Ridha Faisal , Ling John , Akhter Mashal , Kueny Laura , Sabbagh Osama , Kim Chaesik , Chin Loy Katrina
Published: November 2021

Objective This study attempts to use the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to analyze personality types among current and recent ophthalmology residents. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence rates of each specific personality type in ophthalmology, and whether these changed by level of training, training program, or fellowship selection. The study aimed to evaluate whether certain personality types are more prevalent in ophthalmology as a unique medical specialty. This can help understand specialty choice and potentially predict trends in specialty selection.

Study Design After obtaining institutional review board approval from Howard University Hospital, an electronic version of the MBTI questionnaire, form M, was sent to participants. In addition to the questionnaire, participants responded to four questions inquiring about home program, postgraduate training level, subspecialty interest, and work environment (if applicable). The anonymous responses of the surveys were automatically scored on google forms, and the results were analyzed by using StatView statistical analysis.

Setting This study was conducted at Howard University, Georgetown University, George Washington University, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, and Kresge Eye Institute.

Participants A total of 66 current residents and recent graduates of five residency programs were involved in this study.

Main Outcomes and Measures This study evaluated four-letter personality type from each participant.

Results Ophthalmology residents were statistically more likely to be identified in the categories of extroversion (E) than introversion (I) (p = 0.049), thinking (T) than feeling (F) (p = 0.027), and judging (J) than perceiving (P) (p = 0.007), with no statistically significant difference between sensing (S) and intuition (N). ENTP, ESTJ, and ISTJ were the most common personality types, each comprising 13.6% of the sample population. The ratio of J:P was found to increase as training level increased, beginning with postgraduate 2nd year until graduate level.

Conclusion Certain personality types are more common among ophthalmology residents in our cohort from five different training programs. It is possible that individual types change over the course of residency training and career. Understanding that these findings exist can be used as a baseline for future research in terms of potential predictors for applicants, of resident knowledge base, and personality changes over the course of one's training.
A Comparative Analysis of Use of Google Glass versus. GoPro Intraoperative Video Recording of Scleral Buckle Surgery
Authors: Soares Rebecca R. , Sieber Melissa R. , Talcott Katherine E. , Chiang Allen , Garg Sunir J.
Published: November 2021

Importance The scleral buckle technique is difficult to teach, given a decrease in the frequency of its use and the challenges of its video recording.

Background This study compares two different modalities for recording intraoperative videos of scleral buckle surgery.

Design Present study is a cross-sectional survey conducted in an academic hospital.

Participants A total of 36 medical students, ophthalmologic residents, and vitreoretinal surgery fellows participated in this survey.

Methods Five scleral buckle surgeries were filmed simultaneously using Google Glass and GoPro. Single-masked survey of trainees comparing video and audio quality of 38 10-second clips from each device, and listing the steps of scleral buckle surgery. Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained.

Main Outcome Measures Trainees were asked for grading the video device with respect to audio and video quality as favorable or unfavorable.

Results GoPro clips had more favorable ratings of video (73.3%) and audio (75.9%), compared with Google Glass (36.7 and 58.5%, respectively; p < 0.005). A total of 2.8% respondents listed the correct order of surgical steps in pretest, compared with 55.6% in posttest (p < 0.005).

Conclusion and Relevance Wearable recording devices can allow for video recording of scleral buckle surgery which has high utility in teaching trainees. GoPro and Google Glass each have distinct advantages.
Clinical Profile of Hoarseness of Voice: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Deosthale Nitin , Soni Asha Jadia , Khadakkar Sonali Prabhakar , Wani Mateen Khursheed , Dhote Kanchan Sandeep , Methwani Disha Amar , Garikapati Pavani , Harkare Vivek , Dhoke Priti Rakesh
Published: November 2021

Introduction Hoarseness is a symptom with a varied etiology ranging from inflammatory condition, benign lesions to malignant lesions. Benign conditions are more common than malignant. Proper knowledge of clinical profile and evaluation is necessary to treat the cause.

Objective It was conducted with the aim to study the clinical profile of patients with hoarseness of voice.

Materials and Methods It was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 2 years conducted at Department of ENT at Tertiary Health Care Hospital, India. Patients aged above 10 years presenting with hoarseness of voice were included in the study. After detailed history related to sociodemographic particulars, clinical examinations including Hopkin’s rod examination in all patients and direct laryngoscopy, and radiological and histopathological examination were performed whenever indicated.

Results Out of total 100 patients, maximum patients (32%) were in the age group of 21 to 30 years. There was slight male preponderance with male:female ratio of 1.17:1. Laborer (29%) was the major group affected in terms of occupation. Most common predisposing factor was smoking (35%). Commonest etiology for hoarseness of voice was chronic laryngitis (20%).

Conclusion Hoarseness of voice as a symptom should never be ignored as its etiology may range from simple infection to malignancy. At our tertiary care center majority of patients come from rural area. Most of the etiological factors found in our study were treatable medically or surgically. Early diagnosis is the key to improve the outcome of treatment.
Implant Impression Making: Take-Off Guide for Beginners
Authors: Dhanda Aaina , Kalra Tarun , Kumar Manjit , Bansal Ajay , Sharma Ruchi
Published: November 2021

Dental implants are fixtures that constitute for the replacements of the root of a missing natural tooth. Dental implant therapy has been widely used for the restoration of partially and fully edentulous patients. The implant literature emphasizes the importance of a passively fitting prosthesis to prevent prosthodontic complications or even loss of fixture integration. Failure to achieve a passively fitting prosthesis and force tightening of superstructure may result in complications such as abutment, framework, and gold screw loosening or fracture. Various materials that can be used for making an implant impression are polyether, polyvinylsiloxane, condensation silicone, polysulfide, irreversible hydrocolloid material, and various others. There are various studies in relation to the accuracy of these impression materials out of which various scientists concluded different results with most studies stating polyether with the maximum amount of dimensional accuracy in comparison to other materials. An accurate implant impression plays a significant role and serves as a starting point in the process of producing good working casts. Thus, the accuracy of impression techniques becomes a significant issue in consideration of passive fit. Reproduction of intraoral relationship of implants through impression procedures is the first step in achieving accurate fit prosthesis. This transference is still complicated by the number, angulation, depth, and position of implants. The advent of computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacturing technology improved the framework fabrication procedures and has increased the precision of fit of implant prosthesis.
Optimization with delay-induced bifurcations
Authors: Janson Natalia B. , Marsden Christopher J.
Published: November 2021

Optimization is finding the best solution, which mathematically amounts to locating the global minimum of some cost function. Optimization is traditionally automated with digital or quantum computers, each having their limitations and none guaranteeing an optimal solution. Here, we conceive a principle behind optimization based on delay-induced bifurcations, which is potentially implementable in non-quantum analog devices. Often, optimization techniques are interpreted via a particle moving in multi-well energy landscape and to prevent confinement to a non-global minima they should incorporate mechanisms to overcome barriers between the minima. Particularly, simulated annealing digitally emulates pushing a fictitious particle over a barrier by random noise, whereas quantum computers utilize tunneling through barriers. In our principle, the barriers are effectively destroyed by delay-induced bifurcations. Although bifurcation scenarios in nonlinear delay-differential equations can be very complex and are notoriously difficult to predict, we hypothesize, verify, and utilize the finding that they become considerably more predictable in dynamical systems, where the right-hand side depends only on the delayed variable and represents a gradient of some potential energy function. By tuning the delay introduced into the gradient descent setting, thanks to global bifurcations destroying local attractors, one could force the system to spontaneously wander around all minima. This would be similar to noise-induced behavior in simulated annealing but achieved deterministically. Ideally, a slow increase and then decrease of the delay should automatically push the system toward the global minimum. We explore the possibility of this scenario and formulate some prerequisites.
Quasisymmetric magnetic fields in asymmetric toroidal domains
Authors: Sato Naoki , Qu Zhisong , Pfefferlé David , Dewar Robert L.
Published: November 2021

We explore the existence of quasisymmetric magnetic fields in asymmetric toroidal domains. These vector fields can be identified with a class of magnetohydrodynamic equilibria in the presence of pressure anisotropy. First, using Clebsch potentials, we derive a system of two coupled nonlinear first order partial differential equations expressing a family of quasisymmetric magnetic fields in bounded domains. In regions where flux surfaces and surfaces of constant field strength are not tangential, this system can be further reduced to a single degenerate nonlinear second order partial differential equation with externally assigned initial data. Subclasses of solutions are then constructed by specifying as input the form the flux function, which enforces boundary shape and nested flux surfaces. In particular, we exhibit smooth quasisymmetric vector fields, which correspond to local solutions of anisotropic magnetohydrodynamics in asymmetric toroidal domains such that tangential boundary conditions are fulfilled on a portion of the bounding surface. These solutions are local because they lack periodicity in the toroidal angle. The problems of boundary shape and locality are also discussed. We find that magnetic fields with Euclidean isometries can be fitted into asymmetric domains and that the mathematical difficulty encountered in the derivation of global quasisymmetric magnetic fields lies in the topological obstruction toward global extension affecting local solutions of the governing nonlinear first order partial differential equations.
Controlled generation of self-sustained oscillations in complex artificial neural networks
Authors: Liu Chang , Dong Jia-Qi , Chen Qing-Jian , Huang Zi-Gang , Huang Liang , Zhou Hai-Jun , Lai Ying-Cheng
Published: November 2021

Spatially distinct, self-sustained oscillations in artificial neural networks are fundamental to information encoding, storage, and processing in these systems. Here, we develop a method to induce a large variety of self-sustained oscillatory patterns in artificial neural networks and a controlling strategy to switch between different patterns. The basic principle is that, given a complex network, one can find a set of nodes—the minimum feedback vertex set (mFVS), whose removal or inhibition will result in a tree-like network without any loop structure. Reintroducing a few or even a single mFVS node into the tree-like artificial neural network can recover one or a few of the loops and lead to self-sustained oscillation patterns based on these loops. Reactivating various mFVS nodes or their combinations can then generate a large number of distinct neuronal firing patterns with a broad distribution of the oscillation period. When the system is near a critical state, chaos can arise, providing a natural platform for pattern switching with remarkable flexibility. With mFVS guided control, complex networks of artificial neurons can thus be exploited as potential prototypes for local, analog type of processing paradigms.
Effect of molecular weight ratio on diffusion of light gases into air
Authors: Hamimid Saber , Fenni Manel , Guellal Messaoud
Published: November 2021

We propose a numerical study on the effect of density of light gases on the behavior of a gas mixture (gas–air) in confined spaces and subjected to gradients of temperature and concentration. The diffusion of light gases requires the use of an appropriate model called low Mach number instead of the Boussinesq approximation which is not valid in such a situation. To solve the coupled momentum, energy, and concentration equations, an iterative methodology based on finite volume method using the low Mach number approximation was required. Representative results illustrating the effects of molecular weight ratio on the thermophysical and thermodynamic properties are reported. The average thermal and mass transfer rates on the active wall are presented and discussed. The results show that the hydrogen–air diffusion exhibits a particular behavior toward the compressibility of the binary mixtures. It is also found that the Boussinesq model is not sufficient to simulate diffusion of very light gases into air.
An integrated quantum material testbed with multi-resolution photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Yan Chenhui , Green Emanuel , Fukumori Riku , Protic Nikola , Lee Seng Huat , Fernandez-Mulligan Sebastian , Raja Rahim , Erdakos Robin , Mao Zhiqiang , Yang Shuolong
Published: November 2021

We present the development of a multi-resolution photoemission spectroscopy (MRPES) setup, which probes quantum materials in energy, momentum, space, and time. This versatile setup integrates three light sources in one photoemission setup and can conveniently switch between traditional angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), time-resolved ARPES (trARPES), and micrometer-scale spatially resolved ARPES. It provides a first-time all-in-one solution to achieve an energy resolution of <4 meV, a time resolution of <35 fs, and a spatial resolution of ∼10 μm in photoemission spectroscopy. Remarkably, we obtain the shortest time resolution among the trARPES setups using solid-state nonlinear crystals for frequency upconversion. Furthermore, this MRPES setup is integrated with a shadow-mask assisted molecular beam epitaxy system, which transforms the traditional photoemission spectroscopy into a quantum device characterization instrument. We demonstrate the functionalities of this novel quantum material testbed using FeSe/SrTiO3 thin films and MnBi4Te7 magnetic topological insulators.
Forecasting water consumption on transboundary water resources for water resource management using the feed-forward neural network: a case study of the Nile River in Egypt and Kenya
Authors: Mumbi Anne Wambui , Li Fengting , Bavumiragira Jean Pierre , Fangninou Fangnon Firmin
Published: November 2021

Water resources are an essential component of a country’s natural resource potential. Pressure on these resources is set to increase due to increased water demand, climate change and rainfall variability. This could lead to conflicts between sectoral users, within or between countries, especially among transboundary countries. Interest in transboundary water resources is a priority, especially where issues such as uncertainty regarding the status of transboundary waterbodies and reductions in water volume persist. In this study, we used the feed-forward neural network to forecast water demand along the Nile River in two countries, Egypt and Kenya. Two scenarios were modelled. Input data for the first scenario included preceding records of precipitation, gross domestic product, population and water use in the agricultural sector. The second scenario observed the effects of the growing economy on water resources by doubling the gross domestic product and keeping all other inputs constant. For Kenya, the results projected a steady increase in water demand throughout the next 20 years for both scenarios. However, for Egypt, the observed trend in both scenarios was a decline in water demand, followed by a steady increase. The results underscore the importance of forecasting for easier future planning and management, and to help governing bodies along transboundary water resources develop timely strategies in the future to alleviate future water shortages and poor management of water resources.
Elucidating Authorship Issues as an Element of Research Quality at Thailand’s National Science and Technology Development Agency
Authors: Luepongpattana Sudarat , Soonmongkol Aviga , Laorrattanasak Supattra , Prucksunand Ansucha , Palittapongarnpim Prasit
Published: November 2021

Authorship in a scientific publication is an indicator of significant intellectual contribution in scientific work. Regardless of the discipline, it is important for research-related personnel to receive credit and take responsibility for their publications. There are currently several systems of listing authorship that arise from many factors such as research complexity, pressure to obtain funding, hierarchical structure, and promotion. Some of these may unfortunately lead to authorship abuse. Raising awareness and understanding of authorship guidelines can help prevent abuses and disputes. National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) is a national research agency of Thailand with about 2 000 research staff members. The research emphasis of the agency is mainly technology development for application in broad areas, ranging from engineering to medicine, including forensic science. We conducted a survey to identify the level of awareness of NSTDA research staff and their authorship practices. A questionnaire was designed based on the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) authorship guidelines and used to survey 15% of randomly selected NSTDA research staff. Nearly 90% of them responded to the interview. Among the respondents, 60% were not sure about authorship criteria. When presented with the ICMJE criteria, more than 90% agreed with the criteria except for the third one, approval of the final manuscript before submission, 33% of respondents thought that authors are only responsible for their particular contribution. However, nearly 80% agreed that every author is responsible for the integrity of the whole manuscript. These results offered an important foundation for forming a strategy to raise awareness about authorship in NSTDA. Following survey analysis, we organized several seminars and developed learning materials and an authorship guideline to increase the level of awareness of authorship for researchers.
MXene-based hybrid system exhibits excellent synergistic antibiosis
Authors: Lv Shupei , Song Bo , Han Fengqi , Li Zhanrong , Fan Bingbing , Zhang Rui , Zhang Junjie , Li Jingguo
Published: November 2021

MXenes are a group of inorganic two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial, and have raised significant interests in biomedical areas. Ti3C2T
x
, as an important member of MXene family, is widely studied because of its biodegradability and low-cytotoxicity. However, their single antibacterial mechanism and poor stability in aqueous solution need to be improved, especially for the antimicrobial applications. In this work, a MXene-based hybrid antibacterial system (M-HAS) was developed and its synergistic antibacterial activity was investigated. In the M-HAS, 2D few-layer Ti3C2T
x
(FL-Ti3C2T
x
) was modified with hydrophilic polymers and thereby used as carriers for silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). By assembling these two substrates, photodynamic performance of the prepared system is significantly improved with a large amount of reactive oxygen species produced under 660 nm laser. Antibacterial effects of the M-HAS are enhanced by over 4 times with irradiation. In another word, the developed hybrid system displays excellent photodynamic antibacterial synergistic properties. This work takes advantage of the photodynamic properties of each component in the M-HAS to achieve efficient antibacterial activity and proposes an innovative approach to develop the 2D FL-Ti3C2T
x
-based antibacterial platform.
Recent progress on selective hydrogenation of phenol toward cyclohexanone or cyclohexanol
Authors: Xue Guangxin , Yin Linlin , Shao Shengxian , Li Guodong
Published: November 2021

Phenol is considered as an important platform molecule for synthesizing value-added chemical intermediates and products. To date, various strategies for phenol transformation have been developed, and among them, selective hydrogenation of phenol toward cyclohexanone (K), cyclohexanol (A) or the mixture KA oil has been attracted great interest because they are both the key raw materials for the synthesis of nylon 6 and 66, as well as many other chemical products, including polyamides. However, until now it is still challengeable to realize the industrilized application of phenol hydrogenation toward KA oils. To better understand the selective hydrogenation of phenol and fabricate the enabled nanocatalysts, it is necessary to summarize the recent progress on selective hydrogenation of phenol with different catalysts. In this review, we first summarize the selective hydrogenation of phenol toward cyclohexanone or cyclohexanol by different nanocatalysts, and simultaneously discuss the relationship among the active components, type of supports and their performances. Then, the possible reaction mechanism of phenol hydrogenation with the typical metal nanocatalysts is summarized. Subsequently, the possible ways for scale-up hydrogenation of phenol are discussed. Finally, the potential challenges and future developments of metal nanocatalysts for the selective hydrogenation of phenol are proposed.
Investigation of hybrid nanomaterial application in melting process of paraffin enhanced with nanoparticles
Authors: Rothan Yahya Ali
Published: November 2021

Current study is about the charging process of paraffin within a tank with spiral duct. The paraffin has been enhanced with adding CuO nanoparticles. The hot fluid within the spiral pipes is hybrid nanomaterial. The fraction of nano-sized material is poorer than 0.04 and selecting single phase methodology is acceptable. Finite volume approach with including implicit method was applied to solve these transient equations. Grids with structural configurations were utilized for two suggested styles of containers. Verification with empirical data reveals that nice agreement exist for utilized mathematical model. Entropy generation components were measured and reported in contours forms. Also, important role of buoyancy force were reported in streamline contours. Increase of time leads to increase in liquid fraction in both cases and first configuration reach to maximum value in lower time. The amount of liquid fraction (LF) for first style is higher than second style which means better performance of first configuration. When time increase up to 80 min, the amount of LF for second and first configuration are 5.77 and 4.9 times bigger than those of t = 300 s. With rise of time, frictional irreversibility augments owing to augmentation of velocity of liquid paraffin. Also, with rise of volume of liquid paraffin, the temperature gradient (∇T) reduces which provides lower value of thermal irreversibility. The first configuration has greater frictional entropy term while its thermal irreversibility is lower than second approach. With reduce of solid paraffin, temperature decreases and reaches to uniform value about 368 K. The first configuration has greater temperature and maximum difference occurs at t = 45 min.
Sneutrino tribrid inflation, metastable cosmic strings and gravitational waves
Authors: Masoud Muhammad Atif , Rehman Mansoor Ur , Shafi Qaisar
Published: November 2021

We present a successful realization of sneutrino tribrid inflation model based on a gauged U(1)_B-L extension of Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). A single interaction term involving the B-L Higgs field and the right-handed neutrinos serves multiple purposes. These include the generation of heavy Majorana masses for the right-handed neutrinos to provide an explanation for the tiny neutrino masses via the seesaw mechanism, a realistic scenario for reheating and non-thermal leptogenesis with a reheat temperature as low as 106 GeV, and a successful realization of inflation with right-handed sneutrino as the inflaton. The matter parity which helps avoid rapid proton decay survives as a Z2 subgroup of a U(1) R-symmetry. Depending on the choice of model parameters yields the following predicted range of the tensor to scalar ratio, 3 × 10-11≲ r≲ 7× 10-4 (6 × 10-7≲ r ≲ 0.01), and the running of the scalar spectral index, -0.00022 ≲ dn_s/dln k ≲ -0.0026 (-0.00014 ≲ dn_s/dln k ≲ 0.005), along with the B-L breaking scale, 3 × 1014≲ M/ GeV≲ 5 × 1015 (6 × 1015≲ M/ GeV≲ 2 × 1016), calculated at the central value of the scalar spectral index, n_s =0.966, reported by Planck 2018. The possibility of realizing metastable cosmic strings in a grand unified theory setup is briefly discussed. The metastable cosmic string network admits string tension values in the range 10-8≲ Gμs ≲ 10-6, and predicts a stochastic gravitational wave background lying within the 2-σ bounds of the recent NANOGrav 12.5-yr data.
An analytic hybrid halo + perturbation theory model for small-scale correlators: baryons, halos, and galaxies
Authors: Sullivan James M. , Seljak Uroš , Singh Sukhdeep
Published: November 2021

We update Halo Zeldovich Perturbation Theory (HZPT, [1]), an analytic model for the two-point statistics of dark matter, to describe halo and galaxy clustering, and galaxy-matter cross-correlation on nonlinear scales.
The model correcting Zeldovich has an analytic Fourier transform, and therefore is valid in both configuration space and Fourier space.
The model is accurate at the 2%-level or less for P_mm (k< 1 h/Mpc),  P_hm (k< 1 h/Mpc), P_hh (k< 2 h/Mpc),  Pgm (k< 1 h/Mpc),  Pgg (k< 1 h/Mpc), ξmm (r> 1 Mpc/h), ξhm (r> 2 Mpc/h), ξhh (r> 2 Mpc/h), ξgm (r> 1 Mpc/h), ξgg (r> 2 Mpc/h), for LRG-like mock galaxies.
We show that the HZPT model for matter correlators can account for the effects of a wide range of baryonic feedback models and provide two extended dark matter models which are of 1% (3%) accuracy for k < 10  (8) h/Mpc.
We explicitly model the non-perturbative features of halo exclusion for the halo-halo and galaxy-galaxy correlators, as well as the presence of satellites for galaxy-matter and galaxy-galaxy correlation functions.
We perform density estimation using N-body simulations and a wide range of HOD galaxy mocks to obtain correlations of model parameters with the cosmological parameters Ωm and σ8.
HZPT can provide a fast, interpretable, and analytic model for combined-probe analyses of redshift surveys using scales well into the non-linear regime.
Transmembrane transport of multicomponent liposome-nanoparticles into giant vesicles
Authors: Wang Hui-Fang , Li Chun-Rong , Sun Min-Na , Pan Jun-Xing , Zhang Jin-Jun
Published: November 2021

With the emergence and rapid development of nanotechnology, the nanoparticles hybridized with multicomponent lipids are more and more used in gene delivery. These vectors interact with the cell membrane before entering into the cell. Therefore, the nature of this interaction is important in investigating multicomponent liposome-nanoparticle (MLP) transport across the cell membrane. In this paper the transport of MLPs across the membranes of giant vesicles (GVs) in solvents is studied by using the self-consistent field theory (SCFT). Based on the analysis of the MLP permeating the GV membranes, a simple transport model is proposed. The effects of the difference in membrane morphology and the size of the nanoparticle on the endocytosis are discussed systematically. The role of energy barriers in quasi-equilibrium is also examined. The results indicate that the interaction between MLP and GV is a spontaneous process and the energy barrier needs overcoming to form metastable intermediates. The results provide theoretical reference for better understanding the transmembrane transport process of nanoparticles, and guidance for relevant experimental studies as well.
Refractive index sensing of double Fano resonance excited by nano-cube array coupled with multilayer all-dielectric film
Authors: Wang Xiangxian , Zhang Jian , Zhu Jiankai , Yi Zao , Yu Jianli
Published: November 2021

We propose a hybrid structure of a nano-cube array coupled with multilayer full-dielectric thin films for refractive index sensing. In this structure, discrete states generated by two-dimensional grating and continuous states generated by a photonic crystal were coupled at a specific wavelength to form two Fano resonances. The transmission spectra and electric field distributions of the structure were obtained via the finite-difference time-domain method. We obtained the optimal structural parameters after optimizing the geometrical parameters. Under the optimal parameters, the figure of merit (FOM) values of the two Fano resonances reached 1.7 × 104 and 3.9 × 103, respectively. These results indicate that the proposed structure can achieve high FOM refractive index sensing, thus offering extensive application prospects in the biological and chemical fields.
Diffusion of a chemically active colloidal particle in composite channels
Authors: Lou Xin , Liu Rui , Chen Ke , Zhou Xin , Podgornik Rudolf , Yang Mingcheng
Published: November 2021

Diffusion of colloidal particles in microchannels has been extensively investigated, where the channel wall is either a no-slip or a slip-passive boundary. However, in the context of active fluids, driving boundary walls are ubiquitous and are expected to have a substantial effect on the particle dynamics. By mesoscale simulations, we study the diffusion of a chemically active colloidal particle in composite channels, which are constructed by alternately arranging the no-slip and diffusio-osmotic boundary walls. In this case, the chemical reaction catalyzed by the active colloidal particle creates a local chemical gradient along the channel wall, which drives a diffusio-osmotic flow parallel to the wall. We show that the diffusio-osmotic flow can significantly change the spatial distribution and diffusion dynamics of the colloidal particle in the composite channels. By modulating the surface properties of the channel wall, we can achieve different patterns of colloidal position distribution. The findings thus propose a novel possibility to manipulate colloidal diffusion in microfluidics, and highlight the importance of driving boundary walls in dynamics of colloidal particles in microchannels.
Electric power converters for air purification based on an electrostatic precipitator with an electro coronary principle of operation
Authors: Porsev E G , Malozyomov B V
Published: November 2021

The article presents converters and electricity for air purification methods of converter use. The article analyzes the methods of cleaning gases from suspended particles in medical institutions according to various criteria and suggests directions for the development of complex structures. The problems of air purification of medical premises, parameters of the purification quality are analyzed. Criteria and recommendations for improving air purification systems in medical institutions are presented.
A technical solution for increasing the reliability of the phase-splitters of AC electric locomotives
Authors: Astashkov N P , Olentsevich V A , Karlina Yu I , Kuznetsov B O , Kuznetsova N A
Published: November 2021

Russian Railways OAO is developing a program of the expansion of the Eastern polygon until 2030, the modernization of the transport infrastructure of which is the most important task for the economic and political development of the country. In the near future it is planned to complete the drawing up of a detailed planning schedule of the main stages of construction and parameters of reconstruction of the infrastructure of the Baikal-Amur Mainline and the Trans-Siberian railway. This will not only help to expand access to the markets of the Asia-Pacific region, but will also provide an opportunity to draw more income through an international transit East – West route. The tasks of increasing the reliability of electric rolling stock are brought to the forefront. The implementation of these tasks will reduce the cost of operating and repairing technological equipment. The development of technical means compatible with power supply systems and taking into account the operating conditions of electrical equipment is an urgent task. Power supply of auxiliary machines on all domestic electric locomotives is carried out without the stabilization of the voltage value and balance. At the same time, in order to ensure the reliability of the electric drive motors themselves when operating in the entire range of supply voltage variation, their rated power is increased by 25-50%. Therefore, auxiliary machines on all domestic electric locomotives of alternating current have increased overall dimensions and weight, but the circuit design of the drive system is simple and is presented in the article.
Renewable energy sources and storage batteries for electrification of Russian decentralized power supply systems
Authors: Karamov D , Volkova I , Suslov  , Dolmatov I
Published: November 2021

The use of renewable energy sources (RES) and storage batteries (SB) in decentralized power systems is a cost-effective way to supply power to consumers. In this case, storage batteries are one of the most important system components. The significance of storage batteries is conditioned by a stabilizing effect obtained at generation from RES that are defined by stochastic oscillating functions. However, it is worth noting that storage batteries also improve the cost-effectiveness of such systems by reducing consumption of diesel fuel. This is particularly noticeable at night when load is the least and the use of diesel generators is inefficient. One of the most important points is the determination of potential internal processes of aging and breakdowns that occur in storage batteries during operation. The use of a tested model for categorization of storage batteries according to the operating conditions makes it possible to take account of these factors at the stage of a system design. The paper presents a detailed analysis of decentralized power supply system Verkhnyaya Amga. The focus is made on the cost-effectiveness of a combined use of RES with storage batteries, annual saving of diesel fuel, operating parameters. The research reveals hidden problems that represent various uncertainties that affect greatly the economic and operation parameters of the system.
Development of the scheme and method for measuring the characteristics of the friction areas in the car wheel contact
Authors: Balakina E V , Sergienko I V , Sarbaev D S
Published: November 2021

The aim of the research is to develop and implement a scheme and method for measuring the characteristics of static and sliding friction areas in the contact patch of an elastic wheel with a solid support when they appear, exist and disappear. The characteristics are understood as: the relative location of static and sliding friction in relation to the vector of the translational speed of the wheel axis; their size and location in the contact patch when they appear, spread and disappear; the values of the moments on the wheel, corresponding to the appearance, spread and disappearance of static and sliding friction. A scheme and a method for measuring these characteristics have been developed and implemented. The measurements are indirect. It has been experimentally established that, in the general case, the geometric center of static friction in the contact patch moves towards the moment acting in the plane of the wheel rotation relative to the rotation axis by an amount proportional to the moment. The maximum value of this displacement according to the moment that is maximum in terms of sliding conditions, and is one third of the contact patch length for all types and conditions of a solid support. The research results are valid for elastic wheels with a radial stiffness not exceeding 12000000 N/m, the main plane of which is perpendicular to the reference plane. The research results can find application in design modeling of stability and controllability of vehicles.
Investigating process technologies for production of carbon composite material antennas for maritime radio communication systems
Authors: Dugin N A , Fedosenko Yu S , Belyaev G R , Myasnikov E N
Published: November 2021

The paper is dedicated to studying manufacturing prospects of antenna devices from carbon composite materials and suggests technical solutions aimed at water transportation radio communication needs. Principal physical parameters of the carbon composite material used in manufacture and subsequent studies of antenna specimens were compared to those of metals. Peculiarities of manufacturing carbon composite antenna devices have been considered. Antenna specimens were experimentally studied for their electromagnetic characteristics, while their digital copies were studied in simulation. Similarities are pointed out between the main characteristics of composite antennae and their metal analogs. Efficiency of proposed technical solutions and antenna building technologies are demonstrated for application of carbon composite antennas in marine radio communication.