bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A defined mechanistic correlate of protection against Plasmodium falciparum malaria in non-human primates
Authors: Douglas Alexander D. , Baldeviano G. Christian , Jin Jing , Miura Kazutoyo , Diouf Ababacar , Zenonos Zenon A. , Ventocilla Julio A. , Silk Sarah E. , Marshall Jennifer M. , Alanine Daniel G. W. , Wang Chuan , Edwards Nick J. , Leiva Karina P. , Gomez-Puerta Luis A. , Lucas Carmen M. , Wright Gavin J. , Long Carole A. , Royal Joseph M. , Draper Simon J.
Published: April 2019

Malaria vaccine design and prioritization has been hindered by the lack of a mechanistic correlate of protection. We previously demonstrated a strong association between protection and merozoite-neutralizing antibody responses following vaccination of non-human primates against Plasmodium falciparum reticulocyte binding protein homolog 5 (PfRH5). Here, we test the mechanism of protection. Using mutant human IgG1 Fc regions engineered not to engage complement or FcR-dependent effector mechanisms, we produce merozoite-neutralizing and non-neutralizing anti-PfRH5 chimeric monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and perform a passive transfer-P. falciparum challenge study in Aotus nancymaae monkeys. At the highest dose tested, 6/6 animals given the neutralizing PfRH5-binding mAb c2AC7 survive the challenge without treatment, compared to 0/6 animals given non-neutralizing PfRH5-binding mAb c4BA7 and 0/6 animals given an isotype control mAb. Our results address the controversy regarding whether merozoite-neutralizing antibody can cause protection against P. falciparum blood-stage infections, and highlight the quantitative challenge of achieving such protection.
Intrinsic anharmonic localization in thermoelectric PbSe
Authors: Manley M. E. , Hellman O. , Shulumba N. , May A. F. , Stonaha P. J. , Lynn J. W. , Garlea V. O. , Alatas A. , Hermann R. P. , Budai J. D. , Wang H. , Sales B. C. , Minnich A. J.
Published: April 2019

Lead chalcogenides have exceptional thermoelectric properties and intriguing anharmonic lattice dynamics underlying their low thermal conductivities. An ideal material for thermoelectric efficiency is the phonon glass–electron crystal, which drives research on strategies to scatter or localize phonons while minimally disrupting electronic-transport. Anharmonicity can potentially do both, even in perfect crystals, and simulations suggest that PbSe is anharmonic enough to support intrinsic localized modes that halt transport. Here, we experimentally observe high-temperature localization in PbSe using neutron scattering but find that localization is not limited to isolated modes – zero group velocity develops for a significant section of the transverse optic phonon on heating above a transition in the anharmonic dynamics. Arrest of the optic phonon propagation coincides with unusual sharpening of the longitudinal acoustic mode due to a loss of phase space for scattering. Our study shows how nonlinear physics beyond conventional anharmonic perturbations can fundamentally alter vibrational transport properties.
A fat-tissue sensor couples growth to oxygen availability by remotely controlling insulin secretion
Authors: Texada Michael J. , Jørgensen Anne F. , Christensen Christian F. , Koyama Takashi , Malita Alina , Smith Daniel K. , Marple Dylan F. M. , Danielsen E. Thomas , Petersen Sine K. , Hansen Jakob L. , Halberg Kenneth A. , Rewitz Kim F.
Published: April 2019

Organisms adapt their metabolism and growth to the availability of nutrients and oxygen, which are essential for development, yet the mechanisms by which this adaptation occurs are not fully understood. Here we describe an RNAi-based body-size screen in Drosophila to identify such mechanisms. Among the strongest hits is the fibroblast growth factor receptor homolog breathless necessary for proper development of the tracheal airway system. Breathless deficiency results in tissue hypoxia, sensed primarily in this context by the fat tissue through HIF-1a prolyl hydroxylase (Hph). The fat relays its hypoxic status through release of one or more HIF-1a-dependent humoral factors that inhibit insulin secretion from the brain, thereby restricting systemic growth. Independently of HIF-1a, Hph is also required for nutrient-dependent Target-of-rapamycin (Tor) activation. Our findings show that the fat tissue acts as the primary sensor of nutrient and oxygen levels, directing adaptation of organismal metabolism and growth to environmental conditions.
Caveolin-1 as a target in prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scarring
Authors: Kruglikov Ilja L. , Scherer Philipp E.
Published: April 2019

Reduced expression of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is an important pathogenic factor in hypertrophic scarring (HTS). Such a reduction can be found in connection with the main known risk factors for HTS, including dark skin, female gender, young age, burn site and severity of the injury. The degree of overexpression of Cav-1 associated with different therapeutic options for HTS correlates with clinical improvements in HTS. This makes endo- or exogenous induction of Cav-1 not only an important therapeutic target for HTS, but also highlights its use as a preventive target to reduce or avoid HTS formation.
Harmonising topographic & remotely sensed datasets, a reference dataset for shoreline and beach change analysis
Authors: Pollard James A. , Brooks Susan M. , Spencer Tom
Published: April 2019

This paper presents a novel reference dataset for North Norfolk, UK, that demonstrates the value of harmonising coastal field-based topographic and remotely sensed datasets at local scales. It is hoped that this reference dataset and the associated methodologies will facilitate the use of topographic and remotely sensed coastal datasets, as demonstrated here using open-access UK Environment Agency datasets. Two core methodologies, used to generate the novel reference dataset, are presented. Firstly, we establish a robust approach to extracting shorelines from vertical aerial photography, validated against LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and coastal topography surveys. Secondly, we present a standard methodology for quantifying sediment volume change from spatially continuous LiDAR elevation datasets. As coastal systems are monitored at greater spatial resolution and temporal frequency there is an unprecedented opportunity to determine how and why coastal systems have changed in the past with a view to informing future forecasting. With revelation of trends that suggest increasing coastal risk, coastal change research is needed to inform the management and protection of coasts.
Publisher Correction: A 204-subject multimodal neuroimaging dataset to study language processing
Authors: Schoffelen Jan-Mathijs , Oostenveld Robert , Lam Nietzsche H. L. , Uddén Julia , Hultén Annika , Hagoort Peter
Published: April 2019

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML version of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Characterization of CA-MRSA TCH1516 exposed to nafcillin in bacteriological and physiological media
Authors: Poudel Saugat , Tsunemoto Hannah , Meehan Michael , Szubin Richard , Olson Connor A. , Lamsa Anne , Seif Yara , Dillon Nicholas , Vrbanac Alison , Sugie Joseph , Dahesh Samira , Monk Jonathan M. , Dorrestein Pieter C. , Pogliano Joseph , Knight Rob , Nizet Victor , Palsson Bernhard O. , Feist Adam M.
Published: April 2019

Cation adjusted-Mueller Hinton Broth (CA-MHB) is the standard bacteriological medium utilized in the clinic for the determination of antibiotic susceptibility. However, a growing number of literature has demonstrated that media conditions can cause a substantial difference in the efficacy of antibiotics and antimicrobials. Recent studies have also shown that minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests performed in standard cell culture media (e.g. RPMI and DMEM) are more indicative of in vivo antibiotic efficacy, presumably because they are a better proxy for the human host’s physiological conditions. The basis for the bacterial media dependent susceptibility to antibiotics remains undefined. To address this question, we characterized the physiological response of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) during exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of the beta-lactam antibiotic nafcillin in either CA-MHB or RPMI + 10% LB (R10LB). Here, we present high quality transcriptomic, exo-metabolomic and morphological data paired with growth and susceptibility results for MRSA cultured in either standard bacteriologic or more physiologic relevant medium.
Positive ecological effects of wind farms on vegetation in China’s Gobi desert
Authors: Xu Kang , He Lingchao , Hu Hanjian , Liu Shun , Du Yuanyuan , Wang Zhiwei , Li Yan , Li Liyan , Khan Alamgir , Wang Genxuan
Published: April 2019

With the rapid development of wind power, there are increasing concerns about the negative ecological effects of its construction and operation. However, previous studies have mainly focused on the effects of wind farms on flying fauna (i.e., birds and bats) or climate change separately from communities or ecosystems, and little attention has been paid to vegetation during wind farm operation. Furthermore, few studies have referred to vulnerable ecosystems with low biomass and biodiversity. In this research, a field study was conducted to investigate the effects of wind farms on the individual traits, community structures and ecosystem functions of Gobi Desert ecosystems. The effects were measured by comparing interfering areas (IAs, located between 40 m and 90 m in the downstream direction of the wind turbine) with non-interfering areas (NIAs, located over 200 m from the wind turbine matrixes). The results showed that (1) plant individuals in IAs were less stressed and in better physiological states than those in NIAs; (2) for community structures, IA plants tended to be shorter and denser and had a higher coverage condition than that of NIA plants; and (3) ecosystem functions in IAs were significantly improved due to the existence of shrubs and higher biomass. Meanwhile, significant correlations were identified between the wind wake caused by the large spinning blades and the community structures. Constructing wind turbines in the Gobi Desert is a win-win strategy that both contributes to the growth of desert vegetation with a favourable microclimate and sufficiently utilizes wind power to produce clean energy.
Physician perspectives on integration of artificial intelligence into diagnostic pathology
Authors: Sarwar Shihab , Dent Anglin , Faust Kevin , Richer Maxime , Djuric Ugljesa , Van Ommeren Randy , Diamandis Phedias
Published: April 2019

Advancements in computer vision and artificial intelligence (AI) carry the potential to make significant contributions to health care, particularly in diagnostic specialties such as radiology and pathology. The impact of these technologies on physician stakeholders is the subject of significant speculation. There is however a dearth of information regarding the opinions, enthusiasm, and concerns of the pathology community at large. Here, we report results from a survey of 487 pathologist-respondents practicing in 54 countries, conducted to examine perspectives on AI implementation in clinical practice. Despite limitations, including difficulty with quantifying response bias and verifying identity of respondents to this anonymous and voluntary survey, several interesting findings were uncovered. Overall, respondents carried generally positive attitudes towards AI, with nearly 75% reporting interest or excitement in AI as a diagnostic tool to facilitate improvements in workflow efficiency and quality assurance in pathology. Importantly, even within the more optimistic cohort, a significant number of respondents endorsed concerns about AI, including the potential for job displacement and replacement. Overall, around 80% of respondents predicted the introduction of AI technology in the pathology laboratory within the coming decade. Attempts to identify statistically significant demographic characteristics (e.g., age, sex, type/place of practice) predictive of attitudes towards AI using Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) testing revealed several associations. Important themes which were commented on by respondents included the need for increasing efforts towards physician training and resolving medical-legal implications prior to the generalized implementation of AI in pathology.
Nitrate reductase-dependent nitric oxide is crucial for multi-walled carbon nanotube-induced plant tolerance against salinity
Authors: Zhao Gan , Zhao Yingying , Lou Wang , Su Jiuchang , Wei Siqi , Yang Xuemei , Wang Ren , Guan Rongzhan , Pu Huiming , Shen Wenbiao
Published: April 2019

Although there have been some studies on the plant–carbonaceous nanomaterials (CNMs) interactions, related conclusions were controversial.
A synchrotron X-ray spectroscopy study of titanium co-ordination in explosive melt glass derived from the trinity nuclear test
Authors: Bailey D. J. , Stennett M. C. , Ravel B. , Crean D. E. , Hyatt N. C.
Published: April 2019

This work presents the first determination of Ti speciation and co-ordination in trinitite via the use of X-ray absorption spectroscopy.
Lysosome-specific sensing and imaging of pH variationsin vitroandin vivoutilizing a near-infrared boron complex
Authors: Shi Yuxiang , Meng Xiangchun , Yang Huiran , Song Linna , Liu Shujuan , Xu Aqiang , Chen Zejing , Huang Wei , Zhao Qiang
Published: April 2019

A NIR lysosome-targeting boron complex has been developed based on hemicyanine for monitoring pH variationsin vitroandin vivo.
Photo-oxygenation inhibits tau amyloid formation
Authors: Suzuki Takanobu , Hori Yukiko , Sawazaki Taka , Shimizu Yusuke , Nemoto Yu , Taniguchi Atsuhiko , Ozawa Shuta , Sohma Youhei , Kanai Motomu , Tomita Taisuke
Published: April 2019

Amyloid-selective catalytic photo-oxygenation of the tau protein is a possible therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease, via the inhibition of tau fibril formation.
Enhanced visualization of cell surface glycansviaa hybridization chain reaction
Authors: Wen Xiaohong , Yuan Baoyin , Zhang Junxun , Meng Xiangxian , Guo Qiuping , Li Lie , Li Zenghui , Jiang Huishan , Wang Kemin
Published: April 2019

We apply a DNA hybridization chain reaction (HCR) to achieve sensitively amplified imaging of cell surface glycosylation.
Electrocatalysis of S-doped carbon with weak polysulfide adsorption enhances lithium–sulfur battery performance
Authors: Du Lingyu , Cheng Xueyi , Gao Fujie , Li Youbin , Bu Yongfeng , Zhang Zhiqi , Wu Qiang , Yang Lijun , Wang Xizhang , Hu Zheng
Published: April 2019

S-doped carbon boosts the conversion of lithium polysulfides by electrocatalysis as revealed by kinetic analysis and theoretical calculation, which suppresses the serious polarization effect and thus enhances the Li–S battery performance, despite its weak adsorption to polysulfides.
A small-molecule probe for ratiometric photoacoustic imaging of hydrogen sulfide in living mice
Authors: Li Xiang , Tang Yufu , Li Jie , Hu Xiaoming , Yin Chao , Yang Zhen , Wang Qi , Wu Zizi , Lu Xiaomei , Wang Wenjun , Huang Wei , Fan Quli
Published: April 2019

A small molecule ratiometric photoacoustic probe was developed for real-time monitoring of hydrogen sulfide in living mice.
Encapsulating mesoporous metal nanoparticles: towards a highly active and stable nanoreactor for oxidative coupling reactions in water
Authors: Zou Houbing , Dai Jinyu , Wang Runwei
Published: April 2019

We design and prepare a highly active and stable nanoreactor by encapsulating mesoporous metal nanoparticles for efficient production of α,β-unsaturated ketones via a one-pot oxidative coupling reaction.
Fabrication of MoS2/TiO2 heterostructures with enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Lin Yi , Ren Pinyun , Wei Chengyang
Published: April 2019

Two-dimensional nanophotocatalysts MoS2/TiO2 with a tunable decoration amount of MoS2 nanosheets were fabricated through a hydrothermal route.
Simple diphenylamine based D–π–A type sensitizers/co-sensitizers for DSSCs: a comprehensive study on the impact of anchoring groups
Authors: Kesavan Rajalakshmi , Abdellah Islam M. , Singh Surya Prakash , El-Shafei Ahmed , Adhikari Airody Vasudeva
Published: April 2019

Three new diphenylamine based metal-free dyes were designed and developed as efficient sensitizers as well as co-sensitizers along with N3 in DSSCs. Their detailed photophysical, electrochemical, theoretical and photovoltaic properties have been explored.
A new method for the construction of coarse-grained models of large biomolecules from low-resolution cryo-electron microscopy data
Authors: Zhang Yuwei , Xia Kelin , Cao Zexing , Gräter Frauke , Xia Fei
Published: April 2019

The rapid development of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has led to the generation of significant low-resolution electron density data of biomolecules.
A new barium fluorooxoborate BaB5O8F·xH2O with large birefringence and a wide UV transparency window
Authors: Huang Chunmei , Han Guopeng , Li Hao , Zhang Fangfang , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie
Published: April 2019

By a cation substitution strategy, a new barium fluorooxoborate BaB5O8F was synthesized, which exhibits two interesting interpenetrating three-dimensional B–O/F frameworks and improved optical properties.
Mixed-valent neptunium oligomer complexes based on cation–cation interactions
Authors: Schöne Sebastian , März Juliane , Stumpf Thorsten , Ikeda-Ohno Atsushi
Published: April 2019

Mixing Np(iv) and Np(v) (as neptunyl(v)) results in the formation of tri- and tetranuclear oligomer complexes based on cation–cation interactions (CCIs), indicating the potential of CCIs to expand the oligomer/cluster chemistry of actinides.
A copper(ii)–dipicolylamine–coumarin sensor for maltosyltransferase assay
Authors: Lee Wei-Li , Hsu Tse-Wei , Hung Wei-Cheng , Fang Jim-Min
Published: April 2019

A fluorescence turn-on sensor (Cu-1b) is designed for the selective detection of phosphate ions released from the GlgE-catalyzed maltose-transfer reaction.
An EXAFS study for characterizing the time-dependent adsorption of cesium on bentonite
Authors: Liu Wey-Tsang , Tsai Shih-Chin , Tsai Tsuey-Lin , Lee Chuan-Pin , Lee Chih-Hao
Published: April 2019

Bentonite is considered for use as a buffer material in the final disposal repositories of radioactive waste. Montmorillonite is the major clay mineral in bentonite. In this study, it was found the sorption of Cs on bentonite is not similar to montmorillonite.
Converting eggplant biomass into multifunctional porous carbon electrodes for self-powered capacitive deionization
Authors: Zhao Cuijiao , Zhang Shengbo , Sun Na , Zhou Hongjian , Wang Guozhong , Zhang Yunxia , Zhang Haimin , Zhao Huijun
Published: April 2019

A self-powered CDI system was constructed from porous carbon derived from eggplant for removal of salt and heavy metal ions.
Valorization of olive mill wastewater for the development of biobased polymer films with antioxidant properties using eco-friendly processes
Authors: Akretche Hassina , Pierre Guillaume , Moussaoui Ramdane , Michaud Philippe , Delattre Cédric
Published: April 2019

A green chemistry process to produce eco-friendly antioxidant biobased polymer films from olive mill wastewater.
Electrochemical performance at sputter-deposited nanocarbon film with different surface nitrogen-containing groups
Authors: Kamata Tomoyuki , Kato Dai , Niwa Osamu
Published: April 2019

Carbon materials containing nitrogen have been extensively studied as electrode materials for use in non-platinum cathodes of fuel cells due to their high electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction.
Integrating ultrathin and modified NiCoAl-layered double-hydroxide nanosheets with N-doped reduced graphene oxide for high-performance all-solid-state supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Fei , Chen Yuyun , Liu Ying , Bao Jianchun , Han Min , Dai Zhihui
Published: April 2019

This study reports a novel NiCoAl-LDH/N-doped graphene nanohybrid integrating more oxygen abundance and high conductivity, which exhibits superior supercapacitive performance.
Heptaketides from the endophytic fungusPleosporalessp. F46 and their antifungal and cytotoxic activities
Authors: Li Gang , Xu Ke , Chen Wen-Qi , Guo Zhi-Hao , Liu Yu-Tong , Qiao Ya-Nan , Sun Yong , Sun Gang , Peng Xiao-Ping , Lou Hong-Xiang
Published: April 2019

New bioactive heptaketide derivatives were isolated and characterized from an endophytic fungus,Pleosporalessp. F46.
MAPbBr3 perovskite solar cells via a two-step deposition process
Authors: Mehdi Hanadi , Mhamdi Asya , Hannachi Riadh , Bouazizi Abdelaziz
Published: April 2019

Organometal halide perovskite solar cells are becoming one of the most competitive emerging technologies.
Optimization of magnetic properties in fast consolidated SrFe12O19nanocrystallites
Authors: Stingaciu Marian , Eikeland Anna Zink , Gjørup Frederik Holm , Deledda Stefano , Christensen Mogens
Published: April 2019

The degree of alignment and its influence on the coercive force in SrFe12O19crystallites consolidated by SPS.
Highly regioselective complexation of tungsten with Eu@C82/Eu@C84: interplay between endohedral and exohedral metallic units induced by electron transfer
Authors: Bao Lipiao , Yu Pengyuan , Li Ying , Pan Changwang , Shen Wangqiang , Jin Peng , Liang Shuquan , Lu Xing
Published: April 2019

Interplay between inner and outer metallic units induced by charge transfer is observed in tungsten complexes of Eu@C2(5)-C82 and Eu@C2(13)-C84.
A nitrogen-doped CoP nanoarray over 3D porous Co foam as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting
Authors: Liu Zong , Yu Xu , Xue Huaiguo , Feng Ligang
Published: April 2019

A nitrogen-doped CoP nanoarray over 3D porous Co foam is proposed as a robust bifunctional catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction in the overall water-splitting reaction.
A copper single-atom catalyst towards efficient and durable oxygen reduction for fuel cells
Authors: Cui Liting , Cui Lirui , Li Zhengjian , Zhang Jin , Wang Haining , Lu Shanfu , Xiang Yan
Published: April 2019

Cu single-atom catalysts could be promising non-noble catalysts towards oxygen reduction for fuel cell applications.
A rugged, self-sterilizing antimicrobial copper coating on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene: a preliminary study on the feasibility of an antimicrobial prosthetic joint material
Authors: Wu Ke , Douglas Samuel P. , Wu Gaowei , MacRobert Alexander J. , Allan Elaine , Knapp Caroline E. , Parkin Ivan P.
Published: April 2019

We report here for the first time how a copper coating bond to ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) via low temperature aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition.
Wide-angle lasing from photonic crystal nanostructures of a liquid-crystalline blue phase
Authors: Zhuo Guan-Yu , Huang Shu-Wei , Lin Shih-Hung
Published: April 2019

Wide-angle lasing emitting dye-doped blue-phase liquid crystals (DDBPLCs), which are analogous to photonic crystals, have been demonstrated to selectively reflect visible light.
Stability of S‐Aloha with variable propagation delay
Authors: Mandal Priyatosh , De Swades
Published: April 2019

State‐of‐the‐art variants of slotted Aloha (S‐Aloha) for underwater acoustic networks do not consider the joint effect of retransmission and distance‐dependent propagation delay variability, which is one of the most important parameters that affect the performance of any medium access control protocol. In this study, the authors analyse the stability of S‐Aloha in a network environment, such as underwater, where propagation delay and its variance are not negligible. A finite number of unbuffered transmitters are considered. Through mathematical analysis, supported by discrete event simulations, they compare the utilisation and stability with S‐Aloha in radio frequency environments where propagation delay, as well as delay variance, are negligible. The comparison results indicate that the stability region is appreciably shifted and also there is a significant decrease of utilisation in the presence of retransmission and distance‐dependent propagation delay variability.
5G multi‐layer routing strategies for TV white space secondary user access
Authors: Martin John Hugh , Dooley Laurence S. , Wong K.C. Patrick
Published: April 2019

As mobile applications and services have developed, the dramatic growth in user data traffic has led to the legacy channels becoming ever more congested with the commensurate requirement for more spectrum. This has motivated both regulatory bodies and industry to investigate innovative strategies to increase the existing spectral efficiency. Prominent examples include both Long Term Evolution (LTE) which employs orthogonal frequency‐division modulation technology to improve bandwidth efficiency, and heterogeneous networks, which facilitate the offloading of data traffic between technologies such as from LTE to Wi‐Fi and vice versa. Furthermore, as 5G mobile technology and related standards mature, there is an impetus to address the issue of secondary user (SU) spectrum access in which TV White Space (TVWS) is the prime contender. Two nascent viewpoints have emerged as to how this will evolve: (i) greater coverage, (ii) increased throughput allied with lower latency. This study presents a novel TVWS framework that successfully fulfils both criteria to ensure 5G services can both exploit TVWS spectrum and protect the benefits of SU access and quality‐of‐service provision by using a routing strategy on the Access Network Discovery and Selection Function server to dynamically determine the most suitable heterogeneous technology for the new framework.
Performance improvement in six‐phase symmetrical induction motor by using synthetic voltage vector based direct torque control
Authors: Sharma Sohit , Aware Mohan , Bhowate Apekshit , Levi Emil
Published: April 2019

In this paper, direct torque control (DTC) scheme for a symmetrical six‐phase induction motor by incorporating five‐level torque comparator is presented. The five‐level torque comparator in DTC provides the benefit of torque ripple reduction, compared to a three‐level torque comparator. Adoption of five‐level torque comparator generates the flux in xy‐subspace which leads to flow of increased stator current. The xy‐subspace flux is also not responsible for torque production. The synthetic voltage vectors are therefore developed to minimise the xy‐subspace flux and thus improve performance of the symmetrical six‐phase induction motor. The comparative analysis of the developed switching schemes is presented. The common mode voltage of the drive is also taken care of by the proposed switching scheme. Experimental results are provided to verify the proposed scheme.
Preventing maloperation of distance protection due to CCVT transients
Authors: Ahmadi Seyed‐Alireza , Sanaye‐Pasand Majid , Davarpanah Mahdi
Published: April 2019

Unsecured operation of backup distance relay during an external fault results in removing a needed energy link and can jeopardise overall system stability. This problem that is well known as distance relay overreach is very likely during coupling capacitor voltage transformer (CCVT) transients mainly under high system impedance ratio (SIR) conditions. To tackle this challenging problem, a new methodology consisting of three stages is proposed in this study. It is capable of solving the overreaching problem which occurs under high SIR conditions, without sacrificing the operation speed of distance relay for inside the first zone faults. Comprehensive simulation studies are carried out to test the proposed methodology. The obtained results demonstrate its feasibility and effectiveness for practical applications in the power system.
Dynamic traffic demand uncertainty prediction using radio‐frequency identification data and link volume data
Authors: Liu Yu , Liu Zhao , Li Xiugang , Huang Wei , Wei Yun , Cao Jinde , Guo Jianhua
Published: April 2019

Dynamic traffic demand is crucial for developing effective strategies and algorithms for real‐time traffic management and control. The uncertainty of traffic demand provides additional information while its prediction is very complicated and is inadequately investigated in the existing literature. Recently, radio‐frequency identification (RFID) technology has been deployed to monitor the condition of traffic. In this study, the authors propose a modelling system to predict dynamic traffic demand uncertainty using the RFID data and the link traffic volume. The modelling system includes an optimisation model using the RFID data to calculate the historical traffic demand in terms of origin–destination matrix, a state‐space model solved by Kalman filter to predict the traffic demand, and a GARCH model to capture the conditional variance of the predicted traffic demand. Performance measures are applied to evaluate prediction accuracy. The case study in Nanjing, China shows that the modelling system has the desirable performance to successfully predict uncertainties of dynamic traffic demand.
Multi‐receptive field graph convolutional neural networks for pedestrian detection
Authors: Shen Chao , Zhao Xiangmo , Fan Xing , Lian Xinyu , Zhang Fan , Kreidieh Abdul Rahman , Liu Zhanwen
Published: April 2019

Although great progress has been achieved for general object detection with the advent of deep learning, there are still several limitations when applied to pedestrian detection task. In this article, the authors mainly consider the following three problems. (i) most deep learning‐based methods are time‐consuming and require large storage space, making them unsuitable for real‐world applications; (ii) the scale of person varies greatly, which decreases the pedestrian detection performance; (iii) as pedestrians may be occluded by vehicles or other persons, it makes pedestrian detection more challenging. In response to these limitations, this article proposes a multi‐receptive field‐based framework for single‐shot pedestrian detection. Authors’ contributions can be summarised as follows. First, to reduce the computational complexity of the detector, the authors design the multi‐receptive pooling pyramid module, which reduces the computation cost of the detector and improves its performance. Next, body parts graphs are built on the learned convolutional neural networks (CNN) features, and a graph CNN is used to mine the relationships of the graph nodes. Finally, experiments are conducted on two public pedestrian detection datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
3D thermal modeling of two selected regions on comet 67P and comparison with Rosetta/MIRO measurements
Authors: Macher Wolfgang , Kömle Norbert , Skorov Yuri , Rezac Ladislav , Kargl Günter , Tiefenbacher Patrick
Published: April 2019

Context. The Microwave Instrument for the Rosetta Orbiter (MIRO) was one of the key instruments of the Rosetta mission, which acquired a wealth of data, in particular as the orbiter moved in the close environment of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (August 2014–September 2016). It was the only instrument of the Rosetta payload that was able to measure temperatures in the near-subsurface layers of the cometary nucleus down to a depth of some centimeters. This range is most relevant for understanding the mechanisms of cometary activity.

Aims. We simulate the 3D temperature distribution for two selected regions that were observed by MIRO in March 2015 when the comet was at a distance of about 2 au from the Sun. The importance of a full 3D treatment for a realistic subsurface temperature distribution and the thermal heat balance in the uppermost subsurface is investigated in comparison with analogous 1D simulations.

Methods. For this purpose, we developed a numerical heat transfer model of the surface as well as the near-subsurface regions. It enabled us to solve the heat transfer equation in the subsurface volume with appropriate radiation boundary conditions taken into account. The comparison with 1D simulations was made on the basis of the same solar irradiation history.

Results. Although the temperature gradient is predominantly normal to the comet surface, we still find that tangential flows may be responsible for local temperature differences of up to 30 K (a few Kelvin on the average) in the uppermost subsurface layers. From the results of the 3D simulations, we calculated the MIRO antenna temperature. A comparison with the actual measurements shows good agreement for the MIRO submillimeter channel, but there is a notable discrepancy for the millimeter channel. This last assessment is not related to the use of the 3D model; potential causes are discussed in some detail with a view to future studies.
Streamer evolution arrest governed amplified AC breakdown strength of graphene and CNT colloids
Authors: Dhar Purbarun , Chattopadhyay Ankur , Maganti Lakshmi Sirisha , Harikrishnan Anilakkad Raman
Published: April 2019

The present paper explores the concept of improving the AC dielectric breakdown strength of insulating mineral oils by the addition of graphene or carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to form stable dispersions. Experimental observations of graphene and CNT nano-oils show that not only improved average breakdown voltage, but also significantly improved reliability and survival probabilities of the oils under AC high voltage stressing is achieved. Improvement of the tune of ∼70–80% in the AC breakdown voltage of the oils has been obtained. The study examines the reliability of such nano-colloids using a two-parameter Weibull distribution and the oils show greatly augmented electric field bearing capacity. The fundamental mechanism responsible for such observed outcomes is reasoned to be delayed streamer development and reduced streamer growth rates due to effective electron scavenging. A mathematical model based on the principles of electron scavenging is proposed to quantify the amount of electrons scavenged by the nanostructures.
From dental infection to extradural empyema: a case report
Authors: Comte Clément , Hasnaoui Nasr
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Brain infections of dental origin are rare, but well-known and accurately described. There are two different brain infections: brain abscess, the most frequent, and extradural or subdural empyema. Here, we discuss the case of an extradural empyema. Observation: A 28-year-old man with a very poor dental condition showed neurological and eye infection signs. A brain and face CT scan revealed extradural empyema, orbit abscess and pansinusitis. These infections had all dental origin: an apical lesion of tooth 26. Discussion: Such severe cases must be surgically and medically treated with a strong antibiotic therapy. A systematic investigation and the treatment of dental infected areas are both necessary.
Nutritional requirements during ageing
Authors: Lecerf Jean-Michel
Published: April 2019

Ageing is a physiological condition characterized by a decline of the adaptatives capacities and associated to a decrease of the lean mass. That one is due to a decrease of the post-prandial protein synthesis. It is why protein recommended allowances must be sufficient for a quantitative aspect (0.8–1.2 g/kg/d) and adapted for a qualitative point of view. Energy requirements do not decrease with age if the physical activity is unchanged: it is why the carbohydrate and lipid intakes must be similar to those of a younger adult. The quality of the carbohydrate intake and the distribution of the fatty acids are also important in order to avoid any deficiency. Concerning non-energetic nutrients, one must be particularly cautious for the vitamin D and calcium intakes. Behind nutrients there are foods and dietary patterns who have their own effects.
Pediatric Ototoxicity: Current Trends and Management
Authors: Fligor Brian
Published: April 2019

Medical interventions to combat serious infection or malignancies carry significant morbidities, including ototoxicity. While these lifesaving drugs are often necessary to preserve life, the impact on quality of life for survivors is increasingly concerning for families and healthcare providers. Of primary importance for medical prescribers are appropriately sensitive ototoxicity grading scales and audiological monitoring protocols for surveillance for hearing loss. The intent of grading scales is to help communicate complicated audiological information to non-audiologist healthcare providers (such as oncologists) to help them make good decisions with regards to chemotherapy dosing. Appropriate audiological monitoring helps reduce the time delay between the adventitious onset of hearing loss and the diagnosis and intervention. Finally, pediatric ototoxicity grading and monitoring protocols help ensure timely access to adequate hearing habilitation, verification and validation of the management of permanent medication-induced hearing loss and tinnitus in children.
Ototoxicity: Visualized in Concept Maps
Authors: Watts Kelly
Published: April 2019

Ototoxicity refers to the damage to structures and function of the auditory-vestibular system caused by exogenous agents such as pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and ionizing radiation. There are many potentially ototoxic substances. For example, depending on how ototoxicity is defined, there are 200 to 600 medications that can cause damage to hearing and/or balance. Ototoxicity encompasses cochleotoxicity, vestibulotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. A variety of professional disciplines are involved in determining causation, prevention, and management of ototoxic effects. Research to identify and develop otoprotectants and otorescue agents is emerging and will translate basic scientific discovery into applications for use in hearing conservation programs, safety operations, and clinical care. Original concept maps are presented here to visually represent knowledge pathways, domains, and relationships essential to the understanding of ototoxicity.
Prosthetic Reconstruction of Orbital Defects
Authors: Vincent Aurora , Kohlert Scott , Kadakia Sameep , Sawhney Raja , Ducic Yadranko
Published: April 2019

Orbital and craniomaxillofacial defects, in general, are best approached preoperatively by a multidisciplinary team with a clear reconstructive plan in place. Orbital defects result from a myriad of underlying diseases and injuries, and reconstruction after orbital evisceration, enucleation, or exenteration can pose a challenge to the reconstructive team. Reconstruction of orbital injuries with orbital implants and prostheses can lead to acceptable aesthetic outcomes, and the reconstructive surgeon should be familiar with current orbital implants and prostheses. Herein, the authors review terminology and classifications of orbital defects, different types of orbital implants, advantages and disadvantages of different orbital implant reconstructive options, types of orbital prostheses, and pros and cons of different prosthetic options.
Soft Tissue Microvascular Reconstruction of Orbital Exenteration Defects
Authors: Badhey Arvind , Haidar Yarah , Genden Eric
Published: April 2019

The main goal of head and neck reconstruction is the restoration of form and function. Oncologic surgery makes this process more complex, as the preplanned defect can be very different from its intraoperative counterpart. This emphasizes the role of preoperative planning and a diverse reconstructive “tool box” that can accommodate a variety of complicated defects. The other reconstructive goals are determined by the patient with the aid of an interdisciplinary team. While multiple local and regional reconstructive options are available, free tissue transfer provides a versatile and reliable option for reconstruction—especially for complex orbital defects. Here the authors discuss free soft tissue transfer options for orbital exenteration. This review will catalog the advantages and disadvantages of the radial forearm, rectus abdominis, latissimus, and anterolateral thigh.
The onset of double-diffusive convection in a Brinkman porous layer with convective thermal boundary conditions
Authors: Dubey Rashmi , Murthy P. V. S. N.
Published: April 2019

The onset of double-diffusive convection in a highly permeable porous medium with a horizontal throughflow is investigated considering the convective thermal boundary conditions. The convection occurring inside the medium is mainly due to the basic temperature difference between the two boundaries and the heat supplied from external sources at these boundaries. However, the effect of viscous dissipation and the changing mass flux due to temperature gradient (Soret effect), on the convection, is also considered. Due to the consideration of the viscous dissipation inside the medium, a nonlinear basic flow profile is obtained. The disturbances in the base flow are assumed in the form of two-dimensional oblique structures, which are inclined to the base flow at an angle γ(0≤γ≤π2). The effect of the coefficients of external heating at the two boundaries (the associated non-dimensional parameters are the Biot numbers, B0 and B1, respectively) is discussed extensively. The cases with various combinations of the limiting values of B0 and B1 are also discussed. Viscous dissipation has a stabilizing effect on the flow, as long as the external heating at the bottom boundary is higher than that at the upper boundary. The system stabilizes with the increase in the coefficient of external heating at the lower boundary. The solute concentration gradient has a linearly destabilizing effect on the flow, for all Le(<, =, > 1). The Soret parameter has a linearly destabilizing effect on the flow, when the direction of solute concentration gradient opposes the direction of thermal buoyancy.
Effects of individual horizontal distance on the three-dimensional bionic flapping multi-wings in different schooling configurations
Authors: Han Jiakun , Zhang Yang , Chen Gang
Published: April 2019

After billions of years of natural selection, flying animals with flapping wings have superior flight and mobility capabilities. The aerodynamic characteristics and the propulsion mechanism of bionic wings have attracted a large number of researchers because they will be beneficial to novel bio-inspired micro air or underwater vehicle design. Except the single activities, for fish, birds, and insects, there is a very popular and interesting biological clustering phenomenon known as schooling. Considering the real biological movements in schooling under low Reynolds number, the study of the flow mechanisms and thrust performance of bionic multiflapping wings in different schooling configurations could be applied to the design of future bionic flapping wing aircraft formation. The unsteady flow mechanisms and the thrust performance of three-dimensional multiflapping wings in three different schooling configurations are numerically investigated using the immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method with the Chinese TianHe-II supercomputer. The influences of different schooling configurations and individual distances on the thrust performance of multiflapping wings are thoroughly investigated. Numerical results indicate that the individual horizontal distance has great effects on the thrust performance of multiflapping wings in schooling, and the average thrust coefficient of each flapping wing in different schooling configurations at a specific individual horizontal distance is larger than that of the single flapping wing. There is an optimum distance for different schooling configurations, where the individual interaction lead to best propulsion performance. Different from the simple tandem schooling, the closer the individual distance, the better the overall thrust performance obtained for triangle and diamond schooling.
Study on the effects of the textured surface to improve the performance of cylinder block/valve plate interfaces
Authors: Lv Qibing , Wang Dongyun , E Shiju , Chen Haojie , Hu Bingyan
Published: April 2019

This paper discovers how the surface texture of micro-dimples impacts the tribological performance of the interface between cylinder block and valve plate. For this, a mathematical model which considers the cavitation effect for calculating oil film pressure and oil leakage is established. The radius of the micro dimples is considered for studying the influence of the pressure field and the leakage flow. Then a simulation model is built up according to the mathematical model. Meanwhile, a particular test rig was designed and established to verify the theoretical results. Both simulation and experimental results show that a good designed surface texture of micro-dimples could improve the lubrication performance a lot and the structure parameters could be optimized. The leakage flow of the port plate pair will be greatly decreased by micro dimples and it is positive correlated with the radius of the micro dimples.
Convective and absolute instability of viscoelastic liquid jets in the presence of gravity
Authors: Alhushaybari A. , Uddin J.
Published: April 2019

The convective and absolute instability of a viscoelastic liquid jet falling under gravity is examined for axisymmetrical disturbances. We use the upper-convected Maxwell model to provide a mathematical description of the dynamics of a viscoelastic liquid jet. An asymptotic approach, based on the slenderness of the jet, is used to obtain the steady state solutions. By considering traveling wave modes, we derive a dispersion relation relating the frequency to the wavenumber of disturbances which is then solved numerically using the Newton-Raphson method. We show the effect of changing a number of dimensionless parameters, including the Froude number, on convective and absolute instability. In this work, we use a mapping technique developed by Kupfer, Bers, and Ram [“The cusp map in the complex-frequency plane for absolute instabilities,” Phys. Fluids 30, 3075–3082 (1987)] to find the cusp point in the complex frequency plane and its corresponding saddle point (the pinch point) in the complex wavenumber plane for absolute instability. The convective/absolute instability boundary is identified for various parameter regimes.
Boundary breakdown time of ZnO varistors under nanosecond pulse current
Authors: Xie Guangyong , Wu Mengyuan , Shi Wei
Published: April 2019

Conductive properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) varistor ceramics depend on the boundary barrier structure. By using the photoconductivity switches (PCSS) technology, the boundary breakdown characteristics of ZnO varistors for nanosecond electric pulse response was measured under bias voltage 700 - 1600 V and the relationship between conductance and material structure was analyzed. Charging time of grain boundary capacitor was ∼ 100 ns and shortened with the increase of the bias electric field. The barrier height of ZnO grain boundary was influenced by bias electric field and the grain boundary capacitance was changed accordingly. The calculating numerical results are in agreement with the measured values.
A dynamic closure modeling framework for model order reduction of geophysical flows
Authors: Rahman Sk. M. , Ahmed S. E. , San O.
Published: April 2019

In this paper, a dynamic closure modeling approach has been derived to stabilize the projection-based reduced order models in the long-term evolution of forced-dissipative dynamical systems. To simplify our derivation without losing generalizability, the proposed reduced order modeling (ROM) framework is first constructed by Galerkin projection of the single-layer quasigeostrophic equation, a standard prototype of large-scale general circulation models, onto a set of dominant proper orthogonal decomposition modes. We then propose an eddy viscosity closure approach to stabilize the resulting surrogate model considering the analogy between large eddy simulation (LES) and truncated modal projection. Our efforts, in particular, include the translation of the dynamic subgrid-scale model into our ROM setting by defining a test truncation similar to the test filtering in LES. The a posteriori analysis shows that our approach is remarkably accurate, allowing us to integrate simulations over long time intervals at a nominally small computational overhead.