bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vivir con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1: un relato familiar
Authors: Cáceres Iglesias Judith
Published: May 2021

El artículo que se presenta a continuación contiene el relato de resiliencia surgido en el marco de una investigación académica, pero con hondas implicaciones humanas. Se trata de una narración resiliente que refleja los procesos de afrontamiento, de superación y de lucha. Se recurre a la narración biográfica, concretamente, se utiliza la autoetnografía como técnica metodológica que permite narrar, analizar y reflexionar sobre el impacto de estos procesos de afrontamiento en los contextos sociales y educativos que envuelven a una familia. Esta experiencia pretende mostrar como la aparición de una enfermedad crónica promueve el miedo, la incertidumbre y la tristeza en amigos y familiares, y como, a su vez, potencia el proceso de resiliencia de una madre y su hija.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ РОБОЧИХ ОРГАНІВ БАРАБАНА ВІДЦЕНТРОВОЇ МАШИНИ З ОБРОБЛЮВАНИМ МАТЕРІАЛОМ
Authors: Воляник О. Ю.
Published: May 2021

Carrying  out  of  analytical  research  of  interaction  of  operation  device  of  a  drum  with materials in the centrifugal car for processing of products of the light industry. Determining the dependences and  significant  parameters  of  the  operation  devices  that  affect  the  nature  of  the  movement  of  processed materials in the drum. Methodology. Methods of mathematical study of geometrical parameters of operation devices of the centrifugal  machine  and  their  influence  on  character  of  movement  of  the  processed  material  in  a hydroextractor drum are used. Results. An analytical study of the interaction of the operation devices of the drum with the material in a centrifugal machine for processing light industry products using methods of mathematical analysis of the geometric shape of the side surface. This method is based on the principle of detecting patterns of motion of material points in the plane of the side surface of the operation device of the drum of the centrifugal machine. The validity of the conclusions of the study on the example of the characteristics of the surface of the operation device of the helical shape is proved. Scientific novelty. The parameters and indicators that must be taken into account when studying the interaction of the operation devices of the drums of centrifugal machines for processing light industry products are analyzed and presented. Practical significance. As a result of the analytical study, the shape was considered and the most significant geometrical parameters of the operation device of the centrifugal machine were determined, which determine the nature of the movement of the processed material in the hydroextractor drum. The obtained dependences and conclusions can be used in the design of the operation devices of centrifugal drum machines for processing various materials in light industry. The information presented in the article is of interest to scientists who study the problems of processing and interaction of materials and mixtures in rotary centrifugal systems,  is  of  practical  importance  for  engineers  in  mechanical  engineering,  instrumentation,  consumer services, technologists of food, light, chemical and others.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВПЛИВУ ВМІСТУ ПІСКУ ТА МОДИФІКУЮЧИХ ДОБАВОК НА ВЛАСТИВОСТІ ПОЛІМЕРБЕТОННИХ КОМПОЗИЦІЙ
Authors: НОВАК Д. С. , БЕРЕЗНЕНКО Н. М. , СЕРЕДЕНКО А. А. , ПІЩУЛІН О. Г.
Published: May 2021

Purpose. Establishment of the influence of the content of sand and modifying additives on the hardness, compressive strength, and impact strength of polymer concrete compositions. Methodology. Polymer concrete compositions in the form of round pancakes, sticks and bars based on polyester resin of the CHROMOPLAST GP 2000 brand, hardener (organic peroxide for cold curing) of the Luperox K1 brand, cobalt stearate (cobalt salt of stearic acid), styrene and river sand were subject of investigation. Samples of polymer concrete composites were obtained in two stages: 1) mixing the resin with sand 2) the addition of hardener, styrene and cobalt stearate. To obtain a hardened polyester composition, metal forms with bent sides were used; ceramic boats (not enameled) metal molds 2 cm high. Preparation of the composition was carried out in the following sequence: first, resin was mixed with sand, then hardener, cobalt stearate and styrene were added. The following sequence of preparation of the composition also took place: first the resin and hardener were mixed, only then sand mixed with styrene and cobalt stearate was added. The forms were loaded into a heating cabinet and heated to a temperature of 100 °C for 30-40 minutes. After cooling in the form of the product was removed. The hardness, compressive strength and toughness of the developed compositions were investigated by standard methods. Results. It was found that an increase in sand content from 0 to 90% of the mass. in polymer concrete compositions leads to an increase in hardness by ~ 466%, as well as a decrease in compressive strength by ~ 62% and impact strength by ~ 50%. Scientific novelty. An increase in the hardness index and a decrease in the compressive strength and toughness of polymer concrete compositions with an increase in the sand content to 90 % of the mass was established. This is because the sand has a higher hardness than the polyester resin, and accordingly, an increase in its content leads to an increase in the hardness of the composition. The decrease in compressive strength and toughness is due to a decrease in the amount of binder, due to which the composition becomes more fragile. Practical value. The developed polymer concrete compositions can be used in construction, as well as for repairing damaged concrete surfaces and eliminating cracks.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВПЛИВУ ЛАЗЕРНОГО ГРАВІРУВАННЯ НА ФІЗИКО-МЕХАНІЧНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ НАТУРАЛЬНИХ ШКІР ДЛЯ ВЕРХУ ВЗУТТЯ ТА ШКІРГАЛАНТЕРЕЙНИХ ВИРОБІВ
Authors: Борщевська Н. М.
Published: May 2021

Research of the influence of laser engraving on the physical and mechanical properties of natural leathers for shoe upper of footwear and leather goods, namely leather crust, Flotar and Nappa. Methodology. The methods of physical and mechanical analysis of leather, mathematical planning (multivariate experiment) and statistical processing of experimental values were used for the study problems. Findings. According to the research influence of laser engraving on the physical and mechanical properties of natural leather for shoe upper and leather goods, it was found that the depth and area of laser ablation affect the tensile strength indicators. There is a certain relationship between them. Based on the results experiment, it can be stated that an increase in the depth of ablation to 50-52% of the thickness of the leather negatively affects the physical and mechanical properties, can worsen the operational and consumer characteristics of footwear and leather goods. An increase in the area of engraved elements up to 50% of the total  area  of  a  product  part  is  not  recommended  for  use  on  shoe  parts.  The  recommended  power  for engraving  natural  leather  for  shoe  upper  and  leather  goods  is  60-80%  of  the  machine's  power.  For engraving leather with a polished surface, the laser beam power is adjustable from 11 to 40 W at a head speed  of  270  to  300  mm/s.  For  laser  engraving  decorative  elements  with  a  high  degree  of  detail,  it  is recommended to use a 1.5'' lens, where the spacing between it and the surface will be 3.81 cm. Increasing the focal length is advisable when engraving captions and images with low detail requirements. Originality. The regularities of the influence of the depth and area of decorative elements during laser engraving on the physical and mechanical properties of natural leather for shoe upper of footwear and leather goods have been determined. Practical value. The optimal parameters of laser engraving for finishing shoes and leather goods made of natural leather have been determined.
Застосування ультразвукового пристрою для визначення поверхневої густини текстильної волоконної маси
Authors: Здоренко В. Г. , Барилко С. В. , Лісовець С. М. , Шипко Д. О.
Published: May 2021

Purpose. Ensuring the determination of the basis weight of the textile fiber mass directly during the manufacturing process using an ultrasonic device equipped with non-contact ultrasonic sensors. In particular, show the effect of the basis weight of a textile fiber mass on the amplitude of probing vibrations in the measuring channel of an ultrasonic device. An amplitude control method is proposed, which is the basis of the operation of the ultrasonic device. It consists in irradiating the textile fiber mass, which moves relative to the scanning bracket with the sensors, and determining the basis weight of the fiber mass by reducing the amplitude of the ultrasonic waves in the measuring channel. The measurement results are processed with their subsequent digitization and computer analysis. It has been established that due to the passage and re-reflection of ultrasonic waves, which fall on two receivers with different vibration delays, it is possible to increase the accuracy of measurements of the average values of the basis weight of the textile fiber mass. Originality. In the general case, it is established that by passing and reflecting ultrasonic waves entering two receivers with different delay of oscillations, it is possible to increase the accuracy of measurements of average values of basis weight of textile fiber mass. The block diagram of the ultrasonic device for determination of basis weight of textile fiber mass is shown and its work is described. The main dependences on which the device system will determine the basis weight of the textile fiber mass are also given.
Комбінована технологія обробки стоків шкіряного виробництва
Authors: Штепа В. М. , Плаван В. П. , Заєць Н. А. , Коляда М. К , Криницька Н.
Published: May 2021

Purpose. Substantiation and creation of the combined technology of wastewater of tanneries, which differ in the multicomponent pollutants. The introduction of the developed technology will improve the environmental safety of such industrial facilities by complying with the requirements of technical regulation of facilities for the removal of contaminants. Methodology. Combined tanneries wastewater treatment technology involves a combination of physico-chemical and chemical methods of treatment, electrical technology, electrochemical and biochemical processes. Optimization of the parameters of the developed technology was carried out with the use of gradient methods of analysis of multicomponent systems. Results. Developed a combined tanneries wastewater treatment technology, which includes two technological stages: electrochemical oxidation and coagulation and flocculation, intensified by electrolysis processes and cavitation. The conducted study confirmed efficiency of the offered tanneries wastewater treatment technology. The following reductions in the content of pollutants in effluents were achieved, %: sulfides – 77,38, hydrogen sulfide – 99,15, chromium – 99,84, COD – 91,19, chlorides – 10,98, phosphates – 62,22. Scientific novelty. For the first time by physical modeling of combined wastewater treatment from a leather plant based on the use as key electrolysis processes for the destruction of organic pollutants and reagent-free pH correction, a basis for the study of industrial wastewater treatment systems was created. This made it possible to combine in one technological solution different methods of removing pollutants from wastewater. Practical significance. Created technological schemes and developed modes of combined tanneries wastewater treatment technology, a combined water treatment module has been proposed. Calculated electricity consumption with the possibility of scaling according to the actual volume of drainage at industrial facilities.
Агротехнологические аспекты развития интенсивного садоводства в Кабардино-Балкарской Республике
Authors: Бесланеев Беслан Борисович , Расулов А. Р. , Калмыков М. М.
Published: May 2021

В 2017 – 2019 гг. в предгорной зоне Кабардино-Балкарии в саду посадки 2012 г. проведена сравнительная оценка урожайности и экономической эффективности 2 типов интенсивных садов. В 1-м насаждении — суперинтенсивный сад на шпалере и капельном поливе, подвой М9, схема посадки 3,5 × 0,9 м (3170 дер./га), во 2-м — интенсивный сад на подвое ММ106, без шпалеры и капельного полива, схема посадки 5,0 × 2,4 м (830 дер./га). Изучали яблони сортов Голден Рейнджерс, Гренни Смит и Ред Делишес Местар. Средняя урожайность трех сортов за 3 года в 1-м насаждении составила 43,5 т/га, во 2-м — 30,1 т/га, т.е. на 44 % меньше. Чистый доход в 1-м насаждении получен в 1,5 раза выше, но рентабельность в обоих насаждениях различалась незначительно, за счет меньших производственных затрат в саду 2-го типа. Сделан вывод, что оба типа сада перспективны для производства плодов, однако на холмистой местности и склонах рекомендуется возделывать сад 2-го типа (интенсивный). Сад 1-го типа (суперинтенсивный) следует размещать вблизи водоисточника для капельного полива (канал, водоем).
Фитосанитарное состояние посадок картофеля в условиях органического земледелия Германии
Authors: Разин Анатолий Федорович , Леунов В. И. , Полин В. Д. , Ананьев А. А. , Разин О. А. , Сурихина Т. Н.
Published: May 2021

Возделывание картофеля в условиях органического земледелия без средств химизации приводит к ухудшению фитосанитарного состояния посадок культуры, что вызывает необходимость усиливать агротехнические методы борьбы с сорными растениями, применять биопрепараты против вредителей и использовать устойчивые к болезням сорта. Комплексное применение этих методов позволяет получать урожай картофеля на уровне 16 – 24 т/га при рентабельности 60 – 75 %, а при получении дотаций за использование органического земледелия — до 100 %.
Влияние препарата Турмакс на минеральное питание картофеля
Authors: Перченко Нина Александровна , Сергеева Оксана Николаевна
Published: May 2021

Особенностью органоминеральной добавки Турмакс является его состав, в который входят основные минеральные элементы питания и продукты метаболизма ризосферных микроорганизмов, что повышает биодоступность макро- и микроэлементов растению. Представлены результаты полевого испытания препарата Турмакс при возделывании картофеля сорта Невский в Томской области. Испытания проводили в течение вегетационного периода 2020 г. на серой лесной среднесуглинистой почве. Варианты опыта включали контроль, однократное опрыскивание растений картофеля Турмаксом по всходам и в период бутонизации, двукратное опрыскивание растений по всходам и в бутонизацию. Показано, что наиболее эффективна двукратная обработка картофеля — по всходам и перед цветением. При такой обработке не только существенно повышалось содержание макро- и микроэлементов в клубнях и надземной массе картофеля, но и увеличивалось качество и урожайность продукции. При двукратной обработке вынос макроэлементов ботвой выше на 35 – 43 % и клубнями на 44 – 75 % по сравнению с контрольным вариантом (без обработки); урожайность — 319 ц/га (в контроле — 255 ц/га).
Identifying the Role of Digital Technologies in Sport Spectators Customer Experiences through Qualitative Approach
Authors: Glebova Ekaterina , Desbordes Michel
Published: May 2021

The massive uptake of digital technologies has changed the way how fans and the sports service field communicate and interact. In the current paper, we would like to emphasize the role of technology holistically in sport spectators customer experiences (SSCX) as a "game-changer" marketing in sports and the digitalization of SSCX. In this paper, we aim to explore and qualitatively describe by interviewees verbatim how new technologies impact SSCX. It draws on the literature review, combined with the primary data collected on unstructured interviews with international sport management and technology experts (N=10). It brings sports marketing insights followed by examples from industry professionals. Iterative analysis of data combined with literature review let us achieve to outline the crucial points and trends of technological transformations in sports spectacle. We offer an updated perspective on the SSCX through the prism of the impact of digital technologies and reshaping sports consumption culture. To this end, we develop a conceptual model that captures the nature of modern SSCX influenced by digital technologies. Keywords: technological transformation, sports spectacle, customer experience, co-creation, connectivity
The Economy of Greece and the FIFA Ranking of its National Football Team
Authors: Papanikos Gregory T.
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of the Greek economy with the FIFA ranking of the Greek National Football Team in order to find out whether there exists some sort of statistical association. The period under consideration starts with the establishment of the European and Monetary Union in 1992 and ends with the current year of 2021. In 1992, FIFA started to rank national football teams which restricts the extent of time to be used in this study. The descriptive evidence presented in this paper shows that there exists strong positive association between the level of real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Greece and the ranking of its national football team. Keywords: FIFA, Greece, Football, GDP, European Union, National Teams.
Regional Hegemonic Power, Integration and Governance: An Appraisal of Post-Democratization South Africa
Authors:   University of Zululand, Mlambo Daniel N. , Adetiba Toyin Cotties
Published: May 2021

This article addresses the question of what drives the character and orientation of South Africa’s foreign policy post the apartheid era. The shift from apartheid to democracy in 1994 brought with it a new paradigm shift in both South Africa’s domestic and foreign policy agenda. This was also driven by the need to redress the destabilization policies of the apartheid regime. The demise of apartheid in 1994 brought with it immense jubilation both continentally and abroad and South Africa was now for the first time in years reintegrated into the global economy. By undertaking this enquiry, the study attempts to draw a nuanced evaluation of South Africa’s foreign policy, particularly in Southern Africa since its transition to democracy in 1994.
STUDY OF TRICHINELLA INFECTION IN WILD MAMMALS IN THE KURSK REGION
Authors: Vagin  , Malysheva  , Samofalova
Published: May 2021

In the territory of the Kursk region, according to official statistics, trichinosis in humans is extremely rare, mainly in the form of imported cases. However, sometimes cases of the disease are detected among the population, which are associated with trichinella infection when eating meat of wild mammals living in the natural biocenoses of the Kursk region. In this regard, the purpose of our study was to study the infection of wild animals with Trichinella in the Kursk region. Trichinella larvae were identified by the method of compressor trichinelloscopy and the method of digestion of muscle tissue in artificial gastric juice. Capsule-forming larvae of Trichinella (Trichinella spp.) were found in the muscles of animals. Trichinella was found in the stone marten (10,5%), polecat (6,7%), red fox (5,9%), raccoon dog (22,2%) and white-breasted hedgehog (5,3%). Earlier, we conducted studies that showed that in the Kursk region, Trichinella parasitize not only in carnivores and insectivores, but also among rodents and wild boars. High rates of infection in predators indicate a wide spread of Trichinella in natural biocenoses of the Kursk region. This creates an actual risk for people to be infected with Trichinella. This risk is especially significant for family members of hunters, their relatives and friends.
ANALYTICAL MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF THE POPULATION OF ARTHROPODS IN THE NON-BLACK EARTH ZONE
Authors: Vasilevich  , Nikanorova
Published: May 2021

The article provides an example of mathematical analytical modeling of the population size of blood-sucking arthropods on the example of mosquitoes and ixodid ticks that inhabit the Kaluga Region. The presented analytical mathematical models make it possible to clearly assess the influence of environmental factors on parasite populations. The following factors were taken into account: average temperature (monthly and yearly, t, oС); average precipitation (monthly and yearly, S, mm); mean atmospheric pressure (P, mm Hg) for mosquitoes, and monthly average temperature (t, o
С), monthly mean relative humidity (Q, %), and mean atmospheric pressure (P, mm Hg) for ixodid ticks. The analysis of the obtained models shows that under weather conditions when monthly mean values of the considered factors are at a zero level, the estimated number of ixodid ticks and mosquitoes will be 1150 and 1529 individuals in the control area per year. The population of ixodid ticks is most significantly influenced by the mean atmospheric pressure; its influence is twice as strong as monthly mean humidity and 6.4 times stronger than the influence of monthly average temperature. The "+" sign indicates that the higher the atmospheric pressure is, the more active ticks are observed. Monthly average precipitation has the greatest effect on the mosquito population.
HORSE HELMINTH FAUNA OF THE CITY OF KALUGA
Authors: Vasilevich  , Nikanorova  , Markina
Published: May 2021

Horse intestinal helminthiasis is widespread. The helminth fauna of horses differs in different areas. Intestinal helminthiasis affects most horses of the livestock at stud farms, especially with herd keeping
The article presents a study of the diversity of the helminth fauna of horses in the city of Kaluga. Microscopically examined 60 fecal samples taken from the stalls of 30 sports horses aged 2 to 15 years. Samples were taken twice, the first time on 06/17/2019, the second time on 09/27/2019. Helminth-endoscopic examinations for the diagnosis of intestinal helminthiasis were performed by the Fulleborn method with a solution of sodium salt and by the Kotelnikov-Khrenov method with ammonium nitrate. Then, before crystallization, each drop was examined under a microscope with a magnification of 400.
As a result of the study, eggs of the helminth Strongylus equines were found in 49 samples out of 60. The eggs found had a typical oval shape, measuring 0.07-0.09 x 0.04-0.05 mm. The shell was two-contour, gray in color. In 34 samples from 60 subjects, immature eggs of Parascaris equorum were found. Eggs are rounded in shape, with a diameter of 0.1 mm. The shell of the eggs was dense, dark brown in color. On the territory of the city of Kaluga, horses are found to have intestinal diseases.
FAUNAL AND ECOLOGICAL FEATURES OF BLACKFLIES IN STATE BUDGETARY INSTITUTION SPORTS SCHOOL OF THE OLYMPIC RESERVE FOR EQUESTRIAN SPORTS, KALUGA
Authors: Vasilevich  , Nikanorova  , Maslennikova
Published: May 2021

The article describes the faunal and ecological features of two species of blackflies common on the territory of the SBI "Sports School of the Olympic Reserve for Equestrian Sports" in Kaluga: Wilhelmia equina (Linnaeus, 1758) and Odagmia ornata (Meigen, 1818), which can cause simuliidotoxicosis of animals. The studied species are very widespread.
Species Wilhelmia equina: their habitat is in rivers of medium and small sizes, sometimes in streams, the flow rate of which is 0.25–0.6 m/s. Blackflies in preimaginal stages settle on aquatic vegetation and underwater objects. The preimaginal stage develops at a water temperature of 2–23 oC with content of oxygen dissolved in water of 51–88%. On average, 2–3 generations are recorded per year. The adults of the first generation fly out in late May – early June, the second generation in late July – early August and the third generation in mid September.
Odagmia ornata: it lives in various water bodies from small streams to large rivers. Larvae and pupae inhabit vegetation in water bodies and various objects. The species is unpretentious to water temperature and develops at temperatures from 4 to 21 oC and water flow rate 0.3–0.9 m/s with the required content of oxygen dissolved in water 42–82%. Three generations are recorded per year. The emergence and pupation of the first generation of adults is observed in early and mid-May, when the water temperature reaches 8–10 oС, and the second generation in July when the water temperature is from 11 to 22 oС. The third generation is observed in late August – early September, when the water temperature is 16–19 oC. It is considered an active blood-sucking insect for domestic animals.
STUDY OF HELMINTH FAUNA OF THE EUROPEAN BISON IN THE KALUGA REGION
Authors: Vasilevich  , Nikanorova  , Selyutina
Published: May 2021

This article describes the study of the parasitic fauna of the European bison in the national Park "Ugra", the Kaluga Region. In the Russian Federation, this species has an official status of endangered species, therefore it is listed in the Red Book. In the Kaluga Region, there are several areas where the bison lives; in this work, the study area was the Dzerzhinsky District.
The aim of the study was to detect and differentiate helminths, and provide therapeutic and preventive recommendations. The experiments were carried out using methods of flotation and sequential washings.
Six species were selected as study helminths from three main classes of parasites: 1 species of helminths Dicrocoelium lanceatum from the class of trematodes (Trematoda). This parasite is localized in the liver and gall bladder. Three species of tapeworms from the class of cestodes (Cestoda): Moniezia expansa, which affects the small intestine, Cysticercus taenuicollis (Taenia hydatigena) and Cysticercus bovis (Taeniarhynchus saginatus), which can affect the musculature of animals. Two species of the parasite from the class of nematodes (Nematoda): Oesophagostomum radiatum and Nematodirus helvetianus, which are mainly localized in the small intestine.
The topic of helminth fauna of the bison requires further study, since these animals can be the main sources of invasion. They live in the same biotopes as other ruminants, therefore they can cause infection of cattle and small ruminants that are in nearby territories for grazing.
ECOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSKS OF THE INTERMEDIATE HOST PROTOSTRONGYLUS SPP.
Authors: Gadaev
Published: May 2021

This paper presents the results of studies of the population of land mollusks of different biotopes, depending on the relief features of the area and the infestation of mollusks with larvae of pulmonary nematodes. The infestation of mollusks with Protostrongylidae larvae in the steppe zone was only 338, including 160 mollusks with Protostrongylus spp. (13.3%) from the number of 1200 mollusks studied. The number of infected mollusks with Protostrongylidae larvae in areas around water bodies was only 535 specimens, including 192 specimens with Protostrongylus spp. larvae (16.3%), in woodlands this figure was 350 specimens with Protostrongylidae larvae, including 130 with Protostrongylus spp. larvae (13.0%). In lowland meadows was 400 copies of mollusks with Protostrongylidae larvae, and 180 copies with Protostrongylus spp. larvae (13.8%). A high percentage of shellfish infected with the larvae of Protostrongylus spp. set in rural pastures 440 (21.0%). A relatively high percentage of infestation in mollusks in areas around reservoirs is 5 specimens per 1 mollusk. The intensity of invasion (II) is the highest in mollusks uncovered in presell pastures and amounted to 9 larval specimens; the lowest intensity of invasion in woodland mollusks is 1 specimen per 1 mollusk.
INFLUENCE OF NATURAL FACTORS ON THE NUMBER OF IXODIC TICKS OF THE GENUS DERMACENTOR IN TYUMEN REGION
Authors: Glazunov
Published: May 2021

At present, the ixodofauna of the Tyumen region is represented by six species of ixodid ticks – these are Ixodes persulcatus Schulze, 1930; Dermacentor reticulatus Fabricius, 1794 (D. pictus, Hermann, 1804); D. marginatus Sulz, 1776; I. apronophorus P. Sch., 1924; I. (Exopalpiger) trianguliceps Bir., 1895 and I. (Ceratixodes) plumbeus, Kirsch., 1936. Three species of ixodid ticks parasitize cattle: I. persulcatus, D. reticulatus, D. marginatus. The remaining three species of ticks, Ixodes apronophorus, Ixodes strianguliceps, and Ixodes plumbeus, belong to the nest-like parasitic type and therefore are less dangerous parasites for large mammals. The most widespread ticks of the genus Ixodes and Dermacentor in the context of all natural-geographical zones of the region are ticks of the genus Dermacentor, their dominance index was 54.8%. As a result of observation, it was noted that the temperature and humidity of the air affect the activity of ixodid ticks of the genus Dermacentor in nature. Thus, the peak of ixodid activity in the spring period fell on days when the air temperature reached values from 16 oC to 26 oC, and in autumn from 15 oC to 21 oC, while lower and higher humidity indices had a depressing effect on ixodid mites of the genus Dermacentor.
ANALYSIS OF RECORDS OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SCREENING OF CASES OF ECHINOCOCCOSIS IN SOME CONSTITUENT ENTITIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Dimidova  , Khutoryanina  , Chernikova  , Bolatchiev  , Tverdokhlebova
Published: May 2021

We analyzed data reflected in the records of the epidemiological screening of cases with echinococcosis in 2019 in some constituent entities of the Russian Federation. It was noted that both rural people and urban residents suffered from the disease equally, while women suffered a little more than men (54.4%). It is found that the most common localization of echinococcal cysts, both in men and women, is the liver (79.5%), and the lesion of the lungs caused by echinococcal cysts (9.1) is in the second place. We presented multiple localization of echinococcal cysts affecting several organs simultaneously to a lesser extent. Two cases of hydatidosis and two cases of multilocular hydatid cyst in the liver were accompanied by a fatal outcome. In some territories, alveococcosis was diagnosed in 14 (8.75%) cases. Contacts with dogs, work on livestock farms, caring for pets, picking wild berries or mushrooms in the forest and eating them without thermal treatment, use of raw river water in housekeeping, eating unwashed vegetables and berries, activities in natural environment, hunting and dressing of wild animals, or failure to observe the rules of personal hygiene have great importance in the spread of this disease among the population, according to epidemiological records.
INFECTION OF COREGONIDS OF CHIVYRKUISKY BAY OF LAKE BAIKAL AND TSIPO-TSIPICANSKIYE LAKES BY TRIAENOPHORUS CRASSUS PLEROCERCOIDS
Authors: Dugarov  , Baldanova  , Burdukovskaya  , Batueva  , Sondueva  , Khamnueva  , Mazur
Published: May 2021

Triaenophorus crassus is the causative agent of muscular trienophorosis in fish, especially pathogenic for juvenile salmonids and coregonids. The purpose of this work was to analyze the infection of coregonids with T. crassus plerocercoids in the Chivyrkuisky Bay of the Lake Baikal and Tsipo-Tsipikanskiye (Bauntovskie) lakes (basin of the Lena River, Transbaikalia). Level of infection with plerocercoids T. crassus in coregonids from 1976 to 2013 in the Chivyrkuisky Bay of the Lake Baikal did not cause concern: the prevalence in the Baikal omul did not exceed 23.6%; intensity was no more than 6 specimens; the prevalence in the Baikal whitefish is up to 5.0%. At the same time, in 1954, in the Chivyrkuisky Bay, a higher level of infection of the Baikal omul was noted (the prevalence was 44.4%; the intensity was 1–9 specimens), which does not allow us to exclude a recurrence of this situation in the future. There was a sharply different situation in terms of infection of coregonids with T. crassus plerocercoids in two lakes of the Tsipo-Tsipikanskaya group: in the lake Bolshoye Kapilyushi, the prevalence of this cestoda is ten times higher than in the lake Baunt. It is likely that such contrasting levels of infection were associated with the difference in the location of the habitats of pike (the definitive host of T. crassus) and coregonids in these lakes: the coincidence in the lake Bolshoye Kapylyushi and divergence in the lake Baunt.
ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION FOR THE APPLICATION OF ANTHELMINTHICS GASTROINTESTINAL STRONGYLATOSIS IN HORSES
Authors: Abalikhin  , Kryuchkova  , Sokolov
Published: May 2021

In recent years, horse breeding has been gradually reviving. Pedigree stud farms for breeding different horse breeds are developing, and the role of work horses in farms and the private sector has significantly increased. Nevertheless, helminthiases are a serious problem in the development of horse breeding. To determine the infection of horses with helminths, 53 animals were subjected to scatological research: 11 animals at the age from 1 to 2.5 years, 9 animals from 3 to 5 years, 20 animals from 6 to 10 years, and 13 animals from 11 years to 21 years. One day of inactivity of horses infected with gastrointestinal strongylates will cost the farm 72,000 Rubles. Considering that the animals must be on the farm for another 10 days after deworming until the animals are completely free of the invasion, the possible damage to the farm from inactivity of work horses increases to 720,000 Rubles. Economic efficiency per 1 Ruble of costs for deworming horses with an anthelmintic drug containing albendazole amounted to 6.01 Rubles, that containing eprinomectin – 3.9 Rubles, and that containing praziquantel + ivermectin – 5.8 Rubles.
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSE OF LAYING HEN’S ORGANISM TO DERMANYSSUS GALLINAE
Authors: Indyuhova  , Arisov  , Maximov  , Azarnova
Published: May 2021

The paper discusses physiological and biochemical aspects of relations in the "parasite-host" system by the example of market Hy-Line laying hens and Dermanyssus gallinae. The hens of the experimental group were kept in a poultry house with a degree of D. gallinae infection at "+++"; this condition was considered as a stress factor for the birds. The control group had no parasitic agents. Blood was taken from 10 randomly selected birds from the experimental and control groups to determine physiological, biochemical and morphophysiological parameters. The complex of parameters was analyzed for carbohydrate-energy, protein and lipid metabolisms. The nature of metabolic processes in laying hens in dermanyssosis was assessed. The endocrine system supply of the hen’s organism with stress-associated hormones, in particular cortisol and triiodothyronine, was studied. The paper presents the results of molecular consequences of a stress reaction developed in hens in dermanyssosis. Stress in birds was accompanied by excessively activated lipid peroxidation, and a decrease in antioxidant defense. The trend to an increase in the content of Schiff’s bases, the end products of lipid peroxidation in the experimental hens, allows us to note the chronicity of stress reaction, which causes derangement of metabolism in hens in dermanyssosis. The third stage of stress reaction, the stage of exhaustion, was diagnosed in laying hens in dermanyssosis.
DYNAMICS OF HORSE INFECTION WITH THE TREMATODE SCHISTOSOMA TURKESTANICUM SKRJABIN, 1913 IN KARAKALPAKSTAN
Authors: Kaniyazov  , Dilmanova
Published: May 2021

The dynamics of infection of horses with the trematode Schistosoma turkestanicum
Skrjabin, 1913 in Karakalpakstan was studied.
We carried out scientific research in various regions of the Republic of Karakalpakstan in 2016–2020.
When determining the infection of horses with trematodes in the districts of Karakalpakstan, we used methods of complete and incomplete helminthological dissection by K. I. Skriabin (1928). A total of 143 horses were examined by the complete
dissection method.
The article presents the results of studies carried out on the territory of the Republic
of Karakalpakstan. Helminths were found in all 143 horses examined during the
study. The trematode Schistosoma turkestanicum Skrjabin, 1913 was among the identified helminths, which is very common in this region. The parasitic worms Schistosoma turkestanicum were found to belong to the Plathelminthes type, the Trematoda class. The study results indicate that the simultaneous presence of mixed (associative) invasions by trematodes was observed in horses. It was established that trematodes found in horses parasitize on blood vessels of the bile ducts, gallbladder, liver and intestinal mesentery.
The prevalence of the trematode Schistosoma turkestanicum in horses was 18.8%, and the intensity of invasion was 3876–12538 specimens. The trematode Schistosoma turkestanicum, depending on the development cycle, develops in the presence of an intermediate host. Freshwater mollusks Lymnaea auricularia, belonging to the family Lymnaeidae perform the function of an intermediate host.
OPTIMISATION OF PARASITOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION METHOD OF ARCHEOLOGICAL MATERIALS
Authors: Klabukov  , Sivkova
Published: May 2021

Recently, interest in paleoparasitology and archaeoparasitology has significantly increased all over the world, which served as the basis for the development of an international protocol for special parasitological studies, which needs to be tested and adapted for each specific case. In this work, we conducted a paleoparasitological study of 29 samples obtained during the excavations of the city of Mangazeya (north of Western Siberia) using the modified method of Beltrame M.O. et al. In the course of the analysis, 1977 slides with sediment were examined and more than 87 thousand helminth eggs were found. It was established that the prevalence of the infection was 89.66%, the average intensity of the infection was 3349.38, and the abundance index was 103.55. The presence of 9 species of parasites was determined, with eggs of some of them found in a very few number, including 4 species that were not found earlier on this site. Statistical processing demonstrated the relationship between the number of slides examined and the number of helminth eggs found, while the Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.658 with a significance value of <0.05. Comparison of the parasitological research methods of archaeological finds showed that the use of the method of analysis we chose demonstrates more reliable results and allows us to detect parasite eggs in the sample in an insignificant amount.
EFFICIENCY OF ALBICOMUM 10% VK IN CATTLE MIXED HELMINTHOSIS
Authors: Klimova  , Mkrtchyan
Published: May 2021

Tests of the antiparasitic agent Albicomum 10% VK were carried out in the Uvinsky and Zavyalovsky districts of the Udmurt Republic on animals spontaneously infested by the association of helminthiases. Animals of the first group were infested with fasciolous-strongylatosis invasion, the second - with mixed invasion of dicroceliosis + gastrointestinal strongylatosis, cows spontaneously infested with three types of helminths (fascioliasis + dicroceliosis + gastrointestinal strongylatosis) were in the third experimental group. Control groups were also formed with the corresponding associations of parasites, in which the intensity and extensity of infestation remained at a high level throughout the entire experiment. In the first (fascioliasis + gastrointestinal strongilatoses) and in the second (dicroceliosis + gastrointestinal strongylatoses) groups, all treated animals were completely freed from helminths on the 45th day. The extensibility of the drug was 100%. On the 90th day after the treatment, the effectiveness of the drug decreased by 10%. In case of fasciolous- dicrocelious-strongylatous association, the drug showed low efficiency.
In 1 g of feces of the treated animals, an average of 9.7 eggs of trematodes were found. In production trials, Albicomum 10% VK showed the highest efficiency (90%) in two-component helminthoses.
THE DANGER OF SPREADING THE NEMATODE DIROFILARIA IN YAKUTIA
Authors: Kokolova  , Gavrilieva  , Stepanova  , Dulova
Published: May 2021

The disease is detected in Central Yakutia and deserves the closest attention from practicing veterinarians. In village dogs infected with and suffered from dirofilariasis, the main pathomorphological changes were localized in the heart and were represented by atrophic, dystrophic and necrobiotic processes. In addition, the products of the nematode metabolism led to the appearance of circulatory disorders.
First of all, the researchers paid attention to the study of blood smears, which showed
the microfilariae in the smears. The authors also examined guard dogs that died from
this disease, and an incomplete examination of organs and tissues when dissecting
the heart, lungs and parenchymatous organs, showed sexually mature Dirofilaria in
the heart of the dissected animals. Subsequently, methods for diagnosing dirofilariasis were applied using the method of peripheral blood examination, where live microfilariae larvae were found in sick dogs. As the authors of the article note, cardiac dirofilariasis subsequently had a destructive effect on red blood cells, erythrocytes, and was observed in the development of hemoglobinemia, and hemoglobinuria, and in some cases leads to liver and kidney failure. In the respiratory system, there were also typical clinical signs of chronic dry cough, difficult breathing and shortness of breath, and foci of pulmonary rales detected. During the disease, pulmonary thromboembolism was developed in the animals, which characterized by the occurrence of fever and the release of sputum with blood. In the treatment of canine dirofilariasis, the authors observed a fatal outcome in two cases, and made dissections to study the organs and tissues affected by nematodes.
NEMATOPHAGOUS FUNGI AGAINST STRONGYLATA LARVAE OF HORSES
Authors: Kokolova  , Gavrilieva  , Stepanova  , Sleptsova
Published: May 2021

Nematophagous hyphomycetes were found almost in all parts of the world and in different climatic zones. Therefore probably many researchers separate predatory fungi from all soil samples, wherever nematodes can exist. Currently, the prevention and treatment of nematodoses of herd horses by practicing veterinarians is limited to single deworming with the use of known semi-synthetic anthelmintic drugs. It should be noted that the strategy of anthelmintic treatment is aimed at disinfectation directly in the body of animals. Most anthelmintic drugs have antiparasitic properties, and are highly toxic to any endothermic organism. Chemical components of antiparasitic drugs after animal use are excreted in the environment with feces, and, being practically unchanged, continue their strong toxic effect on the pasture biocenosis components. The nematophagous fungi isolated from the permafrost soil of Yakutia belong to the genus Arthrobotrys according to the description of the species, and by morphological and physiological characteristics; 2 strains of predatory fungi L3-1 and L3-2 have been identified. Nematophagous fungi of the genus Arthrobotrys occupy a certain place in the system of microbiomes that are able to control nematodes.
STRUCTURE OF BLOOD-SUCKING HORSE-FLY FAUNA IN AGROECOSYSTEMS OF THE CENTRAL NON-BLACK EARTH ZONE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Abarykova  , Yegorov
Published: May 2021

The aim of our work is to study structural changes in the species composition of
blood-sucking dipterans in various biotopes of agrocenoses. It is established that the structure of the fauna of the blood-sucking Tabanidae is determined by abiotic (moisture, illumination, available shelters) and biotic (concentration of feeders) factors. One of the most important environmental factors that attract horseflies to agrocenoses is high density of farm animals that feed these insects. On lowland pastures, due to sufficient moisture, high light intensity and sun warming, conditions are favorable for habitation of adult horseflies. The ecological conditions of the adult horseflies habitation on dry pastures due to greater dryness, strong sun warming, lack of shelter and strong wind negatively affect the total number of horseflies. The ecological conditions of the adult horseflies habitation in the by-farm territories are less favorable. There is a tendency to reduction of the share of taiga species in the zoogeographic structure of the horsefly fauna (from 9 to 6 species over the past 10 years) and forest-steppe faunal complex (from 7 to 6 species). At the same time, the total average number of female horseflies attacking animals in various biotopes of agrocenoses of the central Non-Black Earth Zone has remained almost unchanged.
HELMINTH FAUNA AND TREATMENT OF REPTILES IN ABAKAN
Authors: Krasovskaya  , Rachikhina
Published: May 2021

In recent years, exotic animals have been kept not only in zoos, but also at home quite often. This trend is growing. Special literature and training of specialists in this profile is not enough and a veterinarian who is engaged in private practice has to face the problem of how to correctly diagnose and treat such a patient. The aim of the study was to identify helminth fauna in reptiles in Abakan before and after treatment. During 2019 and 2020, on the basis of the veterinary office of BALTO, Abakan, studies of reptile feces were conducted by the flotation method and the direct smear method. A total of 40 reptiles were studied. We found Ascarididae, Oxyuridae, and Strongyloides. The prevalence of the infection ranged from 25% to 100%. All owners of reptiles were recommended to carry out disinfection of terrariums, and quarterly studies for helminths, and maintain a Pet Passport. It is also necessary to talk to the owner of reptiles about correct maintenance, feeding, and observance of zoohygienic requirements in keeping reptiles. Preventive measures will help the animal live a long and healthy life.
MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF SEROTONERGIC NERVOUS COMPONENTS IN PLANARIANS GIRARDIA TIGRINA
Authors: Kreshchenko  , Mitkovskii  , Grebenshchikova  , Vykidanets  , Terenina
Published: May 2021

The serotonergic components in the nervous system of planarian Girardia tigrina was shown by immunocytochemical method. The whole-mounts are used to extract the maximum information and conduct a quantitative morphometric analysis of serotonin-immunopositive elements in different body regions. The planarian nervous system is represented by cephalic ganglion in the anterior body part and a pair of well-defined ventral nerve cords running along the body. The density of serotonin components is greatest in the head region, which reflects in thickness of cephalic ganglion arch (123–94 µm) and of nerve cords, gradually decreasing from head (111–97 µm) to middle (83–42 µm) and tail (64-28 µm) zones. Nerve nodes contain 4–10 serotonergic neurons in different body regions and connected by a few transverse commissures with a distance from 70 to 145 µm. Results supplement the available data and can be useful for comparative analysis of serotonergic components in free-living and parasitic flatworms.
ON FUNCTIONAL PURPOSE OF THE TALE SPIKE AND DORSAL SPINE IN PROTOSTRONGYLIDAE LARVAE
Authors: Loginova
Published: May 2021

This article presents an attempt to analyze the functional purpose of the tail spike and dorsal spine of protostrongylid species. The actual material was obtained from the feces of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) (the species Elaphostrongylus rangiferi was verified genetically), red deer (Cervus elaphus) and dapple deer (C. nippon) by the Vajda method and has been studied from 2018 to the present day by means of lightfield and dark-field light microscopy, and phase-contrast and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the tail spike and dorsal spine 1) do not surpass the rest of the cuticle in their density (they are squashed by pressure of the cover slide, shriveled in preparation for scanning electron microscopy, and look uniform in relation to the body of the larva in polarized light); 2) have no openings in the apical areas. On this basis, the versions about the role of spines in episodes of intra- or interspecific competition and defensive function were rejected. The assumptions about the deposition (of substances or ultramicroscopic objects) and about fixation (linking) remain possible. The reliable purpose of the tail spike and dorsal spine of protostrongylid species larvae remains unknown. The further study of a connection between these larvae and their intermediate hosts, gastropods, seems promising.