bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of genotypic and phenotypic selection of breeding parents in a carrot (Daucus carota) germplasm collection
Authors: Corak Keo E. , Genger Rue K. , Simon Phillip W. , Dawson Julie C.
Published: March 2023

In this study, we developed and evaluated genomic prediction strategies to identify valuable breeding material in crop germplasm collections, using ongoing efforts to breed carrot varieties with tall canopies and mild flavor as a model vegetable crop and breeding goal. Genomic prediction leverages high‐density genotype data to predict phenotypes or breeding values, potentially allowing for rapid identification of useful germplasm in a genotyped collection. Two different training populations were designed to approximate different potential breeding contexts in which genomic prediction could be applied. The genomic selection models developed using these phenotyped training populations had low‐to‐moderate (0.11–0.31) ability to predict the trait values of germplasm accessions evaluated in a separate environment, depending on the trait. Selected accessions were used as parents in crosses with two different elite inbred lines to initiate new breeding populations. In the target environment, these populations were evaluated for canopy height and flavor and compared to populations developed from phenotypically selected parents. At the F2 stage, there were few differences between populations developed with genomic and phenotypic selection. While evaluation of future generations is required, these results suggest that genomic selection may allow for the identification of valuable germplasm accessions without the need for extensive field evaluation of potential parents.
Fusing Thiadiazole and Terephthalate: A Concept to Promote the Electrochemical Performance of Conjugated Dicarboxylates
Authors: Jouhara Alia , Rzesny Luisa , Rialland Valentin , Latouche Camille , Poizot Philippe , Esser Birgit
Published: March 2023

Organic electrode materials based on conjugated dicarboxylate moieties are particularly attractive to develop metal‐ion organic batteries. Exhibiting good stability properties in liquid electrolytes, such organic electrode materials can reversibly store alkali metal ions (Li, Na or K) at low working potential. Although many molecular designs have been investigated in the last decade, conjugated dicarboxylates are impeded by low coulombic efficiencies, especially at the first cycle, and sluggish kinetics in most cases. Herein, a new strategy in the design of conjugated carboxylates by fusing a thiadiazole heterocycle to the terephthalate core is reported. The synthesis and electrochemical performance of dilithium‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole‐4,7‐dicarboxylate (Li2‐DCBTZ) as positive electrode material is investigated for the first time. Next to being a new structural design, the presence of the thiadiazole ring enables (i) a better conjugation of π‐n electrons leading to a benefit in terms of rate capability, and (ii) a better stabilizing coordination network for Li ions through both oxygen and nitrogen atoms. In addition, the reduced state in Li4‐DCBTZ is stabilized due to a maintained aromaticity in the heteroaromatic core in comparison to the parent terephthalate. Theoretical calculations on the Li‐ion storage mechanism and bonding character support the experimental work.
Design and performance comparisons of power converters for battery energy storage systems
Authors: Xavier Lucas S. , De Sousa Clodualdo V. , Pereira Heverton A. , Mendes Victor F.
Published: March 2023

The use of grid‐connected battery energy storage systems (BESSs) has increased around the world. In the scenario of high penetration level of renewable energy sources in distributed generation, BESS plays an important role to combine a sustainable power supply with a reliable dispatched energy source. Different power converter topologies are employed to connect the batteries to the grid, generally using single‐stage converters. However, the battery voltage changes according to its state of charge, which can introduce great variations in the dc‐link voltage. Therefore, the dc/ac stage converter must have its power switches designed to support this voltage variation. A controllable dc‐link voltage is achieved by inserting a dc/dc converter stage to connect the batteries to the dc/ac stage. Among the dc/dc converters, the interleaved bidirectional converter has been widely used due to the low input current ripple. However, the trade‐off of the insertion of the dc/dc stage is barely explored in the literature. Therefore, this work presents a methodology of analysis, considering the battery voltage variation and its influence on BESS power conversion system design and efficiency. Furthermore, it is proposed a power conversion system design oriented toward the voltage class of power switches and efficiency. The analysis in this study are conducted through the use of a case study approach, incorporating both simulated and experimental results.
A practitioner's guide to geospatial analysis in a neuroimaging context
Authors: Wisch Julie K. , Babulal Ganesh M , Petersen Kalen , Millar Peter R. , Shacham Enbal , Scroggins Stephen , Boerwinkle Anna H. , Flores Shaney , Keefe Sarah , Gordon Brian A. , Morris John C. , Ances Beau M.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Health disparities arise from biological‐environmental interactions. Neuroimaging cohorts are reaching sufficiently large sample sizes such that analyses could evaluate how the environment affects the brain. We present a practical guide for applying geospatial methods to a neuroimaging cohort.

Methods

We estimated brain age gap (BAG) from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from 239 city‐dwelling participants in St. Louis, Missouri. We compared these participants to population‐level estimates from the American Community Survey (ACS). We used geospatial analysis to identify neighborhoods associated with patterns of altered brain structure. We also evaluated the relationship between Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and BAG.

Results

We identify areas in St. Louis, Missouri that were significantly associated with higher BAG from a spatially representative cohort. We provide replication code.

Conclusion

We observe a relationship between neighborhoods and brain health, which suggests that neighborhood‐based interventions could be appropriate. We encourage other studies to geocode participant information to evaluate biological‐environmental interaction.
Factors affecting spatiotemporal patterns of nest site selection and abundance in diamondback terrapins
Authors: Levasseur Patricia , Prescott Robert , Faherty Mark , Sutherland Chris
Published: March 2023

Determining what factors influence the distribution and abundance of wildlife populations is crucial for implementing effective conservation and management actions. Yet, for species with dynamic seasonal, sex‐, and age‐specific spatial ecology, like the diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin; DBT), doing so can be challenging. Moreover, environmental factors that influence the distribution and abundance of DBT in their northernmost range have not been quantitatively characterized. We investigated proximity to nesting habitat as one potential driver of spatiotemporal variation in abundance in a three‐step analytical approach. First, we used a scale selection resource selection function (RSF) approach based on landcover data from the National Landcover Database (NLCD) to identify the scale at which DBT are selecting for (or avoiding) landcover types to nest. Next, we used RSF to predict areas of suitable nesting habitat and created an index of nest suitability (NSI). Finally, analyzing visual count data using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM), we investigate spatiotemporal drivers of relative abundance, with a specific focus on whether similar factors affect offshore abundance and onshore nest site selection. We found the scale of selection for developed and saltmarsh land use classes to be 550 and 600 m and open water land use classes to be 100. Selection was positive for nesting areas proximal to saltmarsh habitat and negative for developed and open water. Expected relative abundance was best explained by the interaction between NSI and day of season, where expected relative abundance was greater within high NSI areas during the nesting season (2.20 individuals, CI: 1.19–3.93) compared to areas of low NSI (1.84 individuals, CI: 1.10–3.10). Our results provide evidence that inferred spatial patterns of suitable nesting habitats explain spatiotemporal patterns of terrapin movement and abundance.
Steal the rain: Interception loses and rainfall partitioning by a broad‐leaf and a fine‐leaf woody encroaching species in a southern African semi‐arid savanna
Authors: Skhosana Felix V. , Thenga Humbelani F. , Mateyisi Mohau J. , von Maltitz Graham , Midgley Guy F. , Stevens Nicola
Published: March 2023

Woody plant encroachment (WPE) has been found to alter ecosystem functioning and services in savannas. In rain‐limited savannas, increasing woody cover can reduce streamflow and groundwater by altering evapotranspiration rates and rainfall partitioning, but the ecological relevance of this impact is not well known. This study quantified the altered partitioning of rainfall by two woody plant structural types (fine‐ and broad‐leaved trees) across a gradient of encroachment in a semi‐arid savanna in South Africa. Averaged across both plant functional types, loss of rainfall through canopy interception and subsequent evaporation roughly doubled (from 20.5% to 43.6% of total rainfall) with a roughly 13‐fold increase in woody cover (from 2.4 to 31.4 m2/ha tree basal cover). Spatial partitioning changes comprised fourfold increases in stemflow (from 0.8% to 3.9% of total rainfall) and a decline in throughfall proportion of about two‐fifths (from 80.2% to 47.3% of total rainfall). Changes in partitioning were dependent on plant functional type; rainfall interception by the fine‐leaved multi‐stemmed shrub Dichrostachys cinerea was almost double that of the broad‐leaved tree Terminalia sericea at the highest levels of woody encroachment (i.e., 49.7% vs. 29.1% of total rainfall intercepted at tree basal area of 31.4 m2/ha). Partitioning was also dependent on rainfall characteristics, with the proportion of rainfall intercepted inversely related to rainfall event size and intensity. Therefore, increasing tree cover in African grassy ecosystems reduces the amount of canopy throughfall, especially beneath canopies of fine‐leaved species in smaller rainfall events. Rainfall interception traits may thus confer a selective advantage, especially for fine‐leaved woody plant species in semi‐arid savannas.
Repeated divergence of amphibians and reptiles across an elevational gradient in northern Madagascar
Authors: Scherz Mark D. , Schmidt Robin , Brown Jason L. , Glos Julian , Lattenkamp Ella Z. , Rakotomalala Zafimahery , Rakotoarison Andolalao , Rakotonindrina Ricky T. , Randriamalala Onja , Raselimanana Achille P. , Rasolonjatovo Safidy M. , Ratsoavina Fanomezana M. , Razafindraibe Jary H. , Glaw Frank , Vences Miguel
Published: March 2023

How environmental factors shape patterns of biotic diversity in tropical ecosystems is an active field of research, but studies examining the possibility of ecological speciation in terrestrial tropical ecosystems are scarce. We use the isolated rainforest herpetofauna on the Montagne d'Ambre (Amber Mountain) massif in northern Madagascar as a model to explore elevational divergence at the level of populations and communities. Based on intensive sampling and DNA barcoding of amphibians and reptiles along a transect ranging from ca. 470–1470 m above sea level (a.s.l.), we assessed a main peak in species richness at an elevation of ca. 1000 m a.s.l. with 41 species. The proportion of local endemics was highest (about 1/3) at elevations >1100 m a.s.l. Two species of chameleons (Brookesia tuberculata, Calumma linotum) and two species of frogs (Mantidactylus bellyi, M. ambony) studied in depth by newly developed microsatellite markers showed genetic divergence up the slope of the mountain, some quite strong, others very weak, but in each case with genetic breaks between 1100 and 1270 m a.s.l. Genetic clusters were found in transect sections significantly differing in bioclimate and herpetological community composition. A decrease in body size was detected in several species with increasing elevation. The studied rainforest amphibians and reptiles show concordant population genetic differentiation across elevation along with morphological and niche differentiation. Whether this parapatric or microallopatric differentiation will suffice for the completion of speciation is, however, unclear, and available phylogeographic evidence rather suggests that a complex interplay between ecological and allopatric divergence processes is involved in generating the extraordinary species diversity of Madagascar's biota. Our study reveals concordant patterns of diversification among main elevational bands, but suggests that these adaptational processes are only part of the complex of processes leading to species formation, among which geographical isolation is probably also important.
Can biodiversity of preexisting and created salt marshes match across scales? An assessment from microbes to predators
Authors: Keppeler Friedrich W. , Junker James R. , Shaw Margaret J. , Alford Scott B. , Engel Annette S. , Hooper‐Bùi Linda M. , Jensen Olaf P. , Lamb Katelyn , López‐Duarte Paola C. , Martin Charles W. , McDonald Ashley M. , Olin Jill A. , Paterson Audrey T. , Polito Michael J. , Rabalais Nancy N. , Roberts Brian J. , Rossi Ryann E. , Swenson Erick M.
Published: March 2023

Coastal wetlands are rapidly disappearing worldwide due to a variety of processes, including climate change and flood control. The rate of loss in the Mississippi River Delta is among the highest in the world and billions of dollars have been allocated to build and restore coastal wetlands. A key question guiding assessment is whether created coastal salt marshes have similar biodiversity to preexisting, reference marshes. However, the numerous biodiversity metrics used to make these determinations are typically scale dependent and often conflicting. Here, we applied ecological theory to compare the diversity of different assemblages (surface and below‐surface soil microbes, plants, macroinfauna, spiders, and on‐marsh and off‐marsh nekton) between two created marshes (4–6 years old) and four reference marshes. We also quantified the scale‐dependent effects of species abundance distribution, aggregation, and density on richness differences and explored differences in species composition. Total, between‐sample, and within‐sample diversity (γ, β, and α, respectively) were not consistently lower at created marshes. Richness decomposition varied greatly among assemblages and marshes (e.g., soil microbes showed high equitability and α diversity, but plant diversity was restricted to a few dominant species with high aggregation). However, species abundance distribution, aggregation, and density patterns were not directly associated with differences between created and reference marshes. One exception was considerably lower density for macroinfauna at one of the created marshes, which was drier because of being at a higher elevation and having coarser substrate compared with the other marshes. The community compositions of created marshes were more dissimilar than reference marshes for microbe and macroinfauna assemblages. However, differences were small, particularly for microbes. Together, our results suggest generally similar taxonomic diversity and composition between created and reference marshes. This provides support for the creation of marsh habitat as tools for the maintenance and restoration of coastal biodiversity. However, caution is needed when creating marshes because specific building and restoration plans may lead to different colonization patterns.
Spatiotemporal dynamics in freshwater amphipod assemblages are associated with surrounding terrestrial land use type
Authors: Cereghetti Eva , Altermatt Florian
Published: March 2023

Biological assemblages are the result of dynamic processes that have explicit temporal and spatial dimensions. Although biodiversity patterns can be directly inferred from the structure of these assemblages, an assessment of changes through time and space is needed to understand how organisms initially assembled and how they are responding to local environmental and biotic factors. Small freshwater streams are particularly affected by contemporary anthropogenic activities and biological invasions, yet they are commonly less studied, as studies often focus on lakes and large streams. Here, we conducted a spatially explicit analysis of keystone shredder assemblages across eight years in 12 replicated small tributary streams. In each stream, we monitored multiple sites per kilometer of stream length. By assessing temporal beta diversity dynamics, defined by the gain or loss of species or abundance per species at individual sites, we show that changes in amphipod assemblages occur within the context of the surrounding terrestrial matrix and reflect recent amphipod colonization history. While amphipod composition was mostly constant in streams located in forested catchments, streams embedded in catchments with more extensive agricultural land use displayed more pronounced temporal changes, either driven by colonization of unoccupied upstream locations or by more pronounced but undirected fluctuations in gains and losses of species or abundance per species. Our study thus suggests that agricultural landscapes might destabilize aquatic amphipod assemblages, causing higher temporal changes in community structures and highlighting the vulnerability of aquatic ecosystems to terrestrial land use drivers.
Patient‐reported outcome measures and patient engagement in heart failure clinical trials: multi‐stakeholder perspectives
Authors: Zannad Faiez , Alikhaani Jacqueline , Alikhaani Sadegh , Butler Javed , Gordon Jason , Jensen Klaus , Khatib Rani , Mantovani Lorenzo , Martinez Robin , Moore Wanda F. , Murakami Masahiro , Roessig Lothar , Stockbridge Norman , Van Spall Harriette G.C. , Yancy Clyde , Spertus John A.
Published: March 2023

There are many consequences of heart failure (HF), including symptoms, impaired health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), and physical and social limitations (functional status). These have a substantial impact on patients' lives, yet are not routinely captured in clinical trials. Patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) can quantify patients' experiences of their disease and its treatment. Steps can be taken to improve the use of PROs in HF trials, in regulatory and payer decisions, and in patient care. Importantly, PRO measures (PROMs) must be developed with involvement of patients, family members, and caregivers from diverse demographic groups and communities. PRO data collection should become more routine not only in clinical trials but also in clinical practice. This may be facilitated by the use of digital tools and interdisciplinary patient advocacy efforts. There is a need for standardization, not only of the PROM instruments, but also in procedures for analysis, interpretation and reporting PRO data. More work needs to be done to determine the degree of change that is important to patients and that is associated with increased risks of clinical events. This ‘minimal clinically important difference’ requires further research to determine thresholds for different PROMs, to assess consistency across trial populations, and to define standards for improvement that warrant regulatory and reimbursement approvals. PROs are a vital part of patient care and drug development, and more work should be done to ensure that these measures are both reflective of the patient experience and that they are more widely employed.
PBMC‐derived extracellular vesicles in a smoking‐related inflammatory disease model
Authors: Gomez Nancy E. , James Victoria , Arkill Kenton P. , Nizamudeen Zubair A. , Onion David , Fairclough Lucy C.
Published: March 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) function as mediators of intercellular communication and as such influence the recipient cell function. EVs derived from immune cells can carry out many of the same functions as their parental cells, as they carry costimulatory molecules, antigens, and antigen–MHC complexes. As a result, there is a strong interest in understanding the composition and origin of immune cell–derived EVs in order to understand their role in the pathogenesis of diseases. This study aimed to optimize methodologies to study immune cell–derived EVs. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell‐derived small EVs were isolated and observed using conventional transmission electron microscopy and sized by nanoparticle tracking analysis. They were then enumerated and profiled using imaging flow cytometry and were further characterized using a flow cytometric multiplex bead assay. These techniques were then applied to our current research, namely smoking‐related inflammatory disease. We present here a comprehensive approach to analyze PBMC‐derived small EVs in smoking‐related inflammatory disease following the Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicle 2018 guidelines.
Characterizing the seismic response of a molten salt nuclear reactor
Authors: Mir Faizan Ul Haq , Whittaker Andrew S. , Kosbab Benjamin D. , Nguyen Nam
Published: March 2023

One Generation IV nuclear reactor, which uses a fluoride salt as a coolant, graphite reflector blocks as a moderator, and circulating buoyant TRISO pebbles as fuel is at an advanced stage of development. To characterize the seismic behavior of components of this reactor, validate numerical models for analysis, and develop recommendations for design, a set of earthquake‐simulator experiments on a scaled model of the reactor vessel and its internals was executed on a six‐degree‐of‐freedom earthquake simulator. The model was seismically isolated at its base using two types of spherical sliding bearings. The scaled model involved representations of the prototype reactor vessel, core barrel, reflector blocks, coolant, and spherical fuel pebbles. The material and geometric properties of different test components were selected based on a dynamic similitude scaling analysis and an approximate length scale of 0.4. Four sets of three‐component earthquake motions were used as inputs for testing. Instrumentation on the test specimen recorded the dynamic responses of the outer vessel, core barrel, and reflector‐block assembly, the hydrodynamic responses (sloshing and hydrodynamic pressure) of the liquid coolant, pebble consolidation under earthquake shaking, and the behavior of the isolation systems. This paper describes the design of the experiments and presents key results from the tests. The dynamic responses of the outer vessel, core barrel, and the reflector blocks revealed that the components responded as a unit for the intense shaking used in the experiments. The sloshing response of the fluid in a thin annulus near the perimeter of the vessel was heavily damped. The change in the packing fraction of the pebble bed under repeated, intense 3D earthquake shaking was less than 3%. Seismically isolating the vessel substantially reduced demands on its internal components.
Energy efficient federated learning in internet of vehicles: A game theoretic scheme
Authors: Zhang Jiancong , Wang Changhao , Li Shining
Published: March 2023

A promising alternative to conventional centralized machine learning that protects privacy is federated learning. Energy efficiency, meanwhile, appears as a major problem in federated learning for the Internet of Vehicles due to frequent model aggregations. To reduce the convergence time, existing research focuses on improving vehicular communication. However, it increases the computational and communication load on servers and disregards the true energy costs of vehicles. Thus, we propose an energy‐efficient federated learning scheme based on two‐stage game theories. Specifically, the payoff function first takes into account the energy cost as well as the contribution of each vehicle, which wins the fair payment based on the Shapley value via a cooperative game. Second, under the fairness constraint, energy‐efficient vehicles cooperatively form several coalitions for further federated worker selection through multiple rounds of the hedonic game. Additionally, we also develop a multiagent reinforcement learning algorithm that is leveraged for coalition formation to lower the energy cost in the game. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the game in our scheme is Nash stable. Extensive experimental results show that the scheme improves energy efficiency by around 68.8% in the best case compared to the most widely used method.
Chimonanthus salicifolius extract alleviates DSS‐induced colitis and regulates gut microbiota in mice
Authors: Chen Lin , Li Xin , Gu Qing
Published: March 2023

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic and recurrent gastrointestinal intestinal disease accompanied by inflammatory disorders, immunologic inadequacy, and intestinal flora dysbiosis, and current therapeutic pharmaceuticals have limited side effects. In this study, we revealed the extraction method of Chimonanthus salicifolius, analyzed the main component, compared the effect of its extract, Lactobacillus, and conventional drugs with different properties on DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)‐induced colitis, and indicated extract regulatory properties of inestinal flora. A colitis model was established on experimental design, and BALB/c mice (male, 7 weeks old) were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 10): control, DSS model, Chimonanthus salicifolius extract (CSE), Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), and 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) groups. The three treatments could alleviate the symptoms and remit inflammation induced by DSS, in which CSE and LGG groups could both decrease the proinflammatory cytokine IL‐6, IL‐8, and TNF‐α levels and increase anti‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐10 and TGF‐β. The CSE intervention significantly promoted the higher production of butyric acid than LGG and 5‐ASA groups (p < .05) after DSS challenge. Analysis of intestinal flora showed that CSE administration remarkably decreased the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria Heliobacteriaceae and Peptococcaceae and exhibited higher abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Bifidobacterium than LGG in intestinal tract of mice (p < .05). These findings indicated that Chimonanthus salicifolius extract may have been beneficial for preventing and treating colitis.
Characteristics, genetic mechanism, and hydrocarbon accumulation of Cambrian gravity flow in the eastern Gucheng area, Tarim Basin, China
Authors: Yan Bo , Zhang You , Bai Xuefeng , Wang Jingchen , Pang Yumao , Li Jie , Yang Lan , Liu Yin , Liu Yutong , Li Bin
Published: March 2023

The platform margins of Gucheng and Luoxi in the Cambrian are developed on both sides of the eastern Tarim Basin. Based on the analysis of cores, thin sections, and seismic data of Luoxi platform margin slope areas, we systematically studied the formation condition, reservoir characteristics, and favourable accumulation factors of gravity flow. The types of gravity flow include debris flow, high‐density flow, and low‐density flow, and the high‐density flow reservoir is better. Hydrothermal fluids have an active effect on reservoir reconstruction. Six‐phase reefs are developed in the platform margin, and the lithology of the reservoir is algal framework dolomite and granular dolomite. Multi‐phase reefs form an inclined slope. The 3D seismic and geochemical data show that the platform margin reefs have karst unconformity characteristics. The platform margin slope has the requirements of geomorphology and reservoir source, and the total area of slope gravity flow is 5854 km2. The gravity flow in the Gucheng platform margin slope is near the Cheerchen fault zone, and tectonic movement forms the nose‐like structure. The gravity flow is between the source rocks of the Xidashan Formation and the Heituwa Formation. Hydrocarbon generation and caprock are both favourable for hydrocarbon accumulation. Multi‐phase events of hydrothermal fluids are favourable to the reservoir and hydrocarbon charging. Gravity flow is important for oil and gas exploration in the Tarim Basin.
Fascial layers encountered in the lateral skull base region: A cadaveric and radiological analysis
Authors: Schachtel Michael J. C. , Gandhi Mitesh , Midwinter Mark J. , Panizza Benedict J.
Published: March 2023

Background

In our experience, the anterior carotid sheath forms an important plane of dissection when excising temporal bone region cancers. However, its anatomical composition, relationships, and radiological appearance remains unclear.

Methods

Eight sides of cadaveric heads were dissected. Anatomical findings were correlated with a high‐resolution baseline T1 MRI.

Results

The anterior carotid sheath was formed by the tensor‐vascular‐styloid fascia, stylopharyngeal fascia, buccopharyngeal fascia (BPF), and longus capitis fascia (LCF), and appeared as a hypointense line on MRI. Not previously described, the glossopharyngeal nerve pierced the sheath 9.0 mm (SD 2.1 mm) below the skull base and traveled through its LCF and BPF layers to exit near the pharynx.

Conclusion

Multiple fascial layers formed the anterior carotid sheath at the skull base, and this was radiologically identifiable. Further studies are required to validate findings and investigate the role this fascial plane has in forming an effective barrier to spread of malignancy.
Self‐compassion promoted educational flow through increased future orientation in left‐behind children groups
Authors: Wang Shu , Yang Ying , Wen Yiyuan , Cui Lijuan
Published: March 2023

Left‐behind children (LBC) have been found to be disadvantaged in academic adaption due to the lack of parental care and supervision they receive. Educational flow, which is known as an optimal learning state for adolescents, would be beneficial for academic adaption among LBC. Self‐compassion may provide a growth mindset to improve their abilities and immersion in learning. The present study focuses on educational flow and explores both the level and the protective mechanism of educational flow among LBC using cross‐sectional data. Specifically, we examine whether self‐compassion contributes to educational flow through future orientation. The study sample comprises participants from a middle school in Henan province. A total of 371 LBC participated in the study, with a mean age of 14.04. We find that family income is positively associated to LBC's educational flow. Furthermore, self‐compassion is positively associated with future orientation and educational flow, future orientation is positively associated with educational flow and self‐compassion generates higher level of future orientation, which in turn promoting educational flow. Overall, our findings suggest that it is essential to incorporate self‐compassion and future orientation when promoting the academic adaption of LBC.
VEGFR3 suppression through miR‐1236 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in ovarian cancer via ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways
Authors: Babaei Zeinab , Panjehpour Mojtaba , Ghorbanhosseini Seyedeh Sara , Parsian Hadi , Khademi Mahsa , Aghaei Mahmoud
Published: March 2023

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3) is expressed in cancer cell lines and exerts a critical role in cancer progression. However, the signaling pathways of VEGFR3 in ovarian cancer cell proliferation remain unclear. This study aimed to demonstrate the signaling pathways of VEGFR3 through the upregulated expression of miR‐1236 in ovarian cancer cells. We found that the messenger RNA and protein of VEGFR3 were expressed in the ovarian cancer cell lines, but downregulated after microRNA‐1236 (miR‐1236) transfection. The inhibition of VEGFR3, using miR‐1236, significantly reduced cell proliferation, clonogenic survival, migration, and invasion ability in SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells (p < 0.01). The flow cytometry results indicated that the rate of apoptotic cells in SKOV3 (38.65%) and OVCAR3 (41.95%) cells increased following VEGFR3 inhibition. Moreover, VEGFR3 stimulation (using a specific ligand, VEGF‐CS) significantly increased extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation (p < 0.01), whereas VEGFR3 suppression reduced p‐ERK1/2 (67.94% in SKOV3 and 93.52% in OVCAR3) and p‐AKT (59.56% in SKOV3 and 78.73% in OVCAR3) compared to the VEGF‐CS treated group. This finding demonstrated that miR‐1236 may act as an endogenous regulator of ERK1/2 and AKT signaling by blocking the upstream regulator of VEGFR3. Overall, we demonstrated the important role of the miR‐1236/VEGFR3 axis in ovarian cancer cell proliferation by regulating the ERK1/2 and AKT signaling that might be an effective strategy against ovarian cancer.
ETNPPL modulates hyperinsulinemia‐induced insulin resistance through the SIK1/ROS‐mediated inactivation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in hepatocytes
Authors: Chen Xueyi , Liu Ping , Zhang Wei , Li Xiaofang , Wang Caihua , Han Feifei , Liu Wenxuan , Huang Yaoyao , Li Man , Li Yujia , Sun Xiaomin , Fan Xiaobin , Li Wenqing , Xiong Yuyan , Qian Lu
Published: March 2023

Hyperinsulinemia is a critical risk factor for the pathogenesis of insulin resistance (IR) in metabolic tissues, including the liver. Ethanolamine phosphate phospholyase (ETNPPL), a newly discovered metabolic enzyme that converts phosphoethanolamine (PEA) to ammonia, inorganic phosphate, and acetaldehyde, is abundantly expressed in liver tissue. Whether it plays a role in the regulation of hyperinsulinemia‐induced IR in hepatocytes remains elusive. Here, we established an in vitro hyperinsulinemia‐induced IR model in the HepG2 human liver cancer cell line and primary mouse hepatocyte via a high dose of insulin treatment. Next, we overexpressed ETNPPL by using lentivirus‐mediated ectopic to investigate the effects of ETNPPL per se on IR without insulin stimulation. To explore the underlying mechanism of ETNPPL mediating hyperinsulinemia‐induced IR in HepG2, we performed genome‐wide transcriptional analysis using RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) to identify the downstream target gene of ETNPPL. The results showed that ETNPPL expression levels in both mRNA and protein were significantly upregulated in hyperinsulinemia‐induced IR in HepG2 and primary mouse hepatocytes. Upon silencing ETNPPL, hyperinsulinemia‐induced IR was ameliorated. Under normal conditions without IR in hepatocytes, overexpressing ETNPPL promotes IR, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and AKT inactivation. Transcriptome analysis revealed that salt‐inducible kinase 1 (SIK1) is markedly downregulated in the ETNPPL knockdown HepG2 cells. Moreover, disrupting SIK1 prevents ETNPPL‐induced ROS accumulation, damage to the PI3K/AKT pathway and IR. Our study reveals that ETNPPL mediates hyperinsulinemia‐induced IR through the SIK1/ROS‐mediated inactivation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in hepatocyte cells. Targeting ETNPPL may present a potential strategy for hyperinsulinemia‐associated metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes.
Potential roles of heparanase in cancer therapy: Current trends and future direction
Authors: Yang Yiyuan , Yuan Fengyan , Zhou Huiqin , Quan Jing , Liu Chongyang , Wang Yi , Xiao Fen , Liu Qiao , Liu Jie , Zhang Yujing , Yu Xing
Published: March 2023

Heparanase (HPSE; heparanase‐1) is an endo‐β‐glucuronidase capable of degrading the carbohydrate moiety of heparan sulfate proteoglycans, thus modulating and facilitating the remodeling of the extracellular matrix and basement membrane. HPSE activity is strongly associated with major human pathological complications, including but not limited to tumor progress and angiogenesis. Several lines of literature have shown that overexpression of HPSE leads to enhanced tumor growth and metastatic transmission, as well as poor prognosis. Gene silencing of HPSE or treatment of tumor with compounds that block HPSE activity are shown to remarkably attenuate tumor progression. Therefore, targeting HPSE is considered as a potential therapeutical strategy for the treatment of cancer. Intriguingly, recent findings disclose that heparanase‐2 (HPSE‐2), a close homolog of HPSE but lacking enzymatic activity, can also regulate antitumor mechanisms. Given the pleiotropic roles of HPSE, further investigation is in demand to determine the precise mechanism of regulating action of HPSE in different cancer settings. In this review, we first summarize the current understanding of HPSE, such as its structure, subcellular localization, and tissue distribution. Furthermore, we systematically review the pro‐ and antitumorigenic roles and mechanisms of HPSE in cancer progress. In addition, we delineate HPSE inhibitors that have entered clinical trials and their therapeutic potential.
How transparent are aid agencies to their citizens? Introducing the Citizen Aid Transparency Dataset
Authors: Reinsberg Bernhard , Swedlund Haley
Published: March 2023

Existing measures of aid transparency overwhelmingly focus on how much information donor agencies are willing to share with the international donor community, overlooking that transparency is about increasing citizens' access to information in order to improve government accountability. In this article, we present the Citizen Aid Transparency Dataset (CATD). Using factor and correlation analysis, we show that the CATD captures a different dimension of transparency than existing transparency measures. We also show that aid agency transparency varies both within and between donor countries and that there are important quality differences between agencies in the timeliness, breadth, depth and accessibility of the data provided.
Tax incentives, private investment and employment: Evidence from an Ecuadorian reform
Authors: Camino‐Mogro Segundo
Published: March 2023

This paper estimates the effect of the Organic Law for Productive Development, Attraction of Investments, Generation of Employment and Stability and Fiscal Balance on new investment and employment applied in August 2018 in Ecuador. Using event study designs and difference‐in‐ differences models, I find that the policy implementation does not have an effect on the attraction of new investments or the creation of new employment for prioritised sectors compared to non‐prioritised sectors. This matters from a policy perspective in a country with few private investments and a high share of people out of formal employment.
The influence of matrix concentration and solvent composition on the results of MALDI MSI, with the aid of wet‐interface matrix deposition
Authors: Mielczarek Przemyslaw , Suder Piotr , Kotsan Igor , Bodzon‐Kulakowska Anna
Published: March 2023

Imaging mass spectrometry is a powerful technique for the molecular analysis of tissue sections. As in many analytical methods, sample preparation is one of the main and most important steps to obtain results of good quality. Usually, the matrix concentration and solvent composition in different studies are taken for granted without any further consideration. In our studies, we aimed to find how matrix concentration and a type of solvent influence the signal. Moreover, we also aimed to find the relationship between these parameters, how they influence the spectra, and how they influence obtained ion maps. In our experiments, we used SunCollect®, which is a commercially available wet‐interface system for matrix deposition. We decided to choose two matrix concentrations (2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid [DHB]: 15 and 25 mg/mL; 9‐aminoacridine [9AA]: 7 and 5 mg/mL) and two different water solutions of solvents in two different percentages for the matrices (DHB: 50% and 70% of methanol [MeOH] and acetonitrile [ACN]; 9AA 70% and 50% of ethanol [EtOH] and MeOH). In the end, the influence of these parameters on obtained spectra and ion maps was assessed.
Topical nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for management of osteoarthritis pain: A consensus recommendation
Authors: Lee Joon‐Kiong , Abbas Azlina A. , Cheah Tien‐Eang , Simanjuntak Ruslan Nazaruddin , Sockalingam Sargunan , Roohi Sharifah
Published: March 2023

Osteoarthritis (OA) contributes to significant medical and socioeconomic burden in many populations. Its prevalence is expected to rise continuously owing to the combined effects of aging and increase in risk factors, including obesity, physical inactivity, and joint injuries. Pain is a hallmark presentation of OA. Topical nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are recommended by many international guidelines as an early treatment option of the management of osteoarthritic pain. However, the use of topical NSAIDs remains low in Malaysia and appears not to be a preferred agent in managing OA pain by prescribers. There is also limited guidance from local medical bodies on the use of topical NSAIDs to manage OA pain. This consensus recommendation is intended to serve as a practical guide for healthcare practitioners on the use of topical NSAIDs in the management of OA pain. Eight statements and recommendations were finalized covering the areas of OA burden, topical NSAIDs formulations, safety and efficacy of topical NSAIDs, and patient education. Robust evidence is available to support the efficacy and safety of topical NSAIDs, with its benefits further strengthened by ease of use and access. Taking these into consideration, we recommend that healthcare practitioners advocate for the early use of topical NSAIDs over oral NSAIDs for mild‐to‐moderate OA pain, while engaging in a shared decision‐making process with patients for optimal clinical outcomes.
Minced muscle autografting improves bone healing but not muscle function in a porcine composite injury model
Authors: McKinley Todd O. , Natoli Roman N. , Janakiram Naveena B. , Warden Stuart J. , Fuchs Robyn K. , Gunderson Zachary , Diggins Nichlaus , Sun Seungyup , Kolettis George , Goldman Stephen M. , Dearth Christopher L. , Mendenhall Stephen , Staut Caio , Kacena Melissa A. , Corona Benjamin T.
Published: March 2023

Composite tissue injuries (CTIs) in extremities include segmental bone defects (SBDs) and volumetric muscle loss. The objective of this study was to determine if skeletal muscle autografting with minced muscle grafts (MMGs) could improve healing in an SBD and improve muscle function in a porcine CTI model that includes an SBD and adjacent volumetric muscle loss injury. Adult Yucatan Minipigs were stratified into three groups including specimens with an isolated SBD, an SBD with volumetric muscle loss (CTI), and an SBD with volumetric muscle loss treated with MMG (CTI + MMG). Bone healing was quantified with serial x‐rays and postmortem computed tomography scanning. Muscle function was quantified with a custom in vivo force transducer. Muscle tissue content was determined by biochemical analyses and histology. Anterior cortex‐modified Radiographic Union Score for Tibia fractures (mRUSTs) decreased from 2.7 to 1.9 (p = 0.003) in CTI versus SBD animals. MMG improved anterior mRUST scores to 2.5 in CTI + MMG specimens (p = 0.030 compared to CTI specimens) and overall mRUST scores increased from 9.4 in CTI specimens to 11.1 in CTI + MMG specimens (p = 0.049). Residual strength deficits at euthanasia were 42% in SBD (p < 0.001), 44% in CTI (p < 0.001), and 48% in CTI + MMG (p < 0.001) compared to preoperative values. There were no differences in strength deficits between the three groups. Biochemical and histologic analyses demonstrated scattered differences between the three groups compared to contralateral muscle. MMG improved bone healing. However, the primary cause of muscle dysfunction and biochemical changes was the presence of an SBD. Clinical significance: Early mitigation of SBDs may be necessary to prevent muscle damage and weakness in patients sustaining composite extremity trauma.
Preoperative radiographic findings associated with postoperative spinopelvic risk factors for instability following total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Mills Emily S. , Bouz Gabriel J. , Kang Hyunwoo P. , Chung Brian C. , Wang Jennifer C. , Tezuka Taro , Dorr Lawrence D. , Heckmann Nathanael D.
Published: March 2023

Postoperative spinopelvic changes are associated with increased dislocation risk following total hip arthroplasty (THA). The aim of this study was to identify preoperative patient and radiographic factors associated with high‐risk postoperative spinopelvic parameters. A retrospective review of consecutive THA patients who received preoperative and postoperative sitting and standing lateral lumbar spine‐hip radiographs with minimum radiographic and clinical follow‐up of 10 months was performed. Patient demographics were recorded and preoperative standing and sitting sacral slope (SS), anteinclination, pelvic femoral angle (PFA), and combined sagittal index (CSI) were measured. High‐risk patients were defined by decreased spinopelvic motion (∆SS from sitting to standing of >10°), increased hip motion (∆PFA from sitting to standing of >10°), or decreased CSI of >10° at final follow‐up compared with preoperative measurements. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to identify preoperative demographic and radiographic factors associated with these high‐risk categories. One hundred and fifty‐three patients were included with an average age of 62 years, average body mass index of 27.8 kg/m2, and average follow‐up of 16.2 months. At 1‐year follow‐up, 43 (28.1%) patients demonstrated a decreased ∆SS > 10° and 67 (43.7%) patients demonstrated an increased ∆PFA > 10° compared with preoperative values. Sitting CSI decreased by >10° in 17 (11.1%) patients. Preoperative increased sitting PFA (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.057, p < 0.001) and decreased preoperative hip motion (∆PFA) were associated with decreased sitting CSI of >10° at 10‐month follow‐up. Increased spinopelvic motion (∆SS) and decreased hip motion (∆PFA) preoperatively are associated with postoperative radiographic changes that be associated with increased dislocation risk.
Esters of Cinnamic Acid as Green Plasticizers for Polylactide Formulations with Improved Ductility
Authors: Barandiaran Alejandro , Gomez‐Caturla Jaume , Ivorra‐Martinez Juan , Lascano Diego , Selles Miguel Angel , Moreno Virginia , Fenollar Octavio
Published: March 2023

This study demonstrates the potential of different cinnamate esters, namely methyl trans‐cinnamate (MC), isobutyl cinnamate (IBC), allyl cinnamate (AC), and ethyl cinnamate (EC), as environmentally friendly plasticizers for polylactide (PLA). Plasticized PLA formulations with a constant nominal wt% of 20 of each plasticizer are compounded in a twin‐screw co‐rotating extruder and subsequently processed by injection molding. The results show exceptional plasticization efficiency of AC with an increase in elongation at break from 3.9% (neat PLA), up to 339.4% and a remarkable increase in impact strength, thus showing great potential to overcome the main drawback related to PLA intrinsic brittleness. The incorporation of cinnamates in a PLA matrix leads to a decrease in Tg from 61.7 °C down to 36.1 °C for the plasticized PLA formulation containing 20 wt% AC. Thermogravimetry analysis reveals that a slight plasticizer loss occurs during processing, as it happens with other monomeric plasticizers, but this phenomenon does not limit their plasticization efficiency. Therefore, the results obtained in this study confirm the suitability of a new family of organic compounds derived from the esterification of cinnamic acid as green plasticizers for PLA with improved toughness, with comparable, or even superior, ductile properties of typical plasticizers for PLA.