bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ribociclib and everolimus in well-differentiated foregut neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Raj Nitya , Zheng Youyun , Hauser Haley , Chou Joanne , Rafailov Johnathan , Bou-Ayache Jad , Sawan Peter , Chaft Jamie , Chan Jennifer , Perez Kimberly , Rudin Charles , Tang Laura , Reidy-Lagunes Diane
Published: February 2021

The mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus is an established therapy for well-differentiated (WD) foregut neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Pre-clinical data demonstrates a potential synergistic role for cyclin dependent kinase 4/6 inhibition and everolimus to treat this disease. In this phase II multicenter study, patients with advanced foregut WDNETs received combination ribociclib and everolimus until confirmed disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The first 12 patients received ribociclib 300 mg three weeks in a row with a 1 week break and everolimus 2.5 mg daily (recommended phase II dose). Due to unexpected hematologic and infectious toxicities, the trial was put on hold, modified, and an additional 9 patients received ribociclib 200 mg and everolimus 2.5 mg daily. The primary end point was progression-free survival. Archived pre-treatment tumor was profiled by next-generation sequencing to evaluate for genomic markers of drug response. Twenty-one patients were treated (median age, 56; range, 24 to 77). The study did not meet the pre-specified criteria to advance to stage two. No patients experienced an objective response. Thirteen patients (62%) experienced stable disease. Median progression-free survival was 7.7 months (95% CI, 2.8 months to not reached). Eleven of the first 12 patients (92%) developed grade 2 or more myelosuppression. Ten patients (84%) experienced treatment interruption and 8 patients (67%) required dose reduction. Genetic testing in archival tumor tissue samples failed to identify a predictive biomarker of disease stabilization. The combination of ribociclib and everolimus had insufficient activity to warrant further investigation in foregut WDNETs.
Epigenetic abnormalities associated with somatic cell nuclear transfer
Authors: Ogura Atsuo , Matoba Shogo , Inoue Kimiko
Published: February 2021

Twenty-five years have passed since the birth of Dolly the sheep, the first mammalian clone produced by adult somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). During that time, the main thrust of SCNT-related research has been the elucidation of SCNT-associated epigenetic abnormalities and their correction, with the aim of improving the efficiency of cloned animal production. Through these studies, it has become clear that some epigenomic information can be reprogrammed by the oocyte, while some cannot. Now we know that the imprinting memories in the donor genome, whether canonical (DNA-methylation-dependent) or noncanonical (H3K27me3-dependent), are not reprogrammed by SCNT. Thus, SCNT-derived embryos have the normal canonical imprinting and the erased noncanonical imprinting, both being inherited from the donor cells. The latter can cause abnormal phenotypes in SCNT-derived placentas arising from biallelic expressions of noncanonically imprinted genes. By contrast, repressive epigenomic information, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, might be more variably reprogrammed, leaving room for technical improvements. Low-input analytical technologies now enable us to analyze the genome of gametes and embryos in a high-throughput, genome-wide manner. These technologies are being applied rapidly to the SCNT field, providing evidence for incomplete reprogramming of the donor genome in cloned embryos or offspring. Insights from the study of epigenetic phenomena in SCNT are highly relevant for our understanding of the mechanisms of genomic reprogramming that can induce totipotency in the mammalian genome.
Cohesión de la danza y la comunidad
Authors: Madrigal-Huezo Tania
Published: February 2021

En el recorrido de mi experiencia como docente y como exponente en el escenario, en el trabajo con las comunidades, con artistas, con docentes en formación para la educación artística, con niños, niñas y jóvenes y poblaciones vulnerables o en riesgo de violencia, con estudiantes de artes, he percibido que el éxito de iniciativas, en su mayoría de carácter independiente, radica en gran medida en la visión del desarrollo local de la región, sea cual sea su ubicación geográfica. Considerando dicho desarrollo como una unidad íntegra y dinámica, donde la participación de cada uno de sus componentes sociales no solo ha sido esencial para dar vida e identidad a sus pueblos y pobladores, sino también para el éxito de muchos de los proyectos emprendidos, enfoco el presente ensayo en esa relación del arte y la comunidad, como una propuesta de cohesión vital.
Justiça militar brasileira: persecução contra civis negros, pobres e favelados em operação de garantia da lei e da ordem no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Folena de Oliveira Jorge Rubem
Published: February 2021

Os militares exercem forte influência na vida política brasileira desde a proclamação da República, em 1889. A Justiça Militar, que deveria julgar exclusivamente militares em tempo de paz, ao longo da História do Brasil tem sido empregada para condenar civis, inclusive por razões de perseguição política. Nos últimos anos tem sido constatada a condenação de civis, moradores de comunidades faveladas do Rio de Janeiro, por parte da Justiça Militar, em razão de alegada prática de crimes de desobediência  negros e favelados no Rio de Janeiro), por parte da Justiça militar, em operações de cumprimento da Lei e da Ordem, por enquadramento nos crimes de desobediência e desacato praticados contra militares. A investigação ocorreu por meio de análise qualitativa de acórdãos do Superior Tribunal Militar, entre os anos de 2011 a 2019, em condenações por desobediência e desacato, no curso de operações de Garantia da Lei e da Ordem empregadas contra moradores de comunidades faveladas do Rio de Janeiro, que se insurgiram contra a atuação policial das Forças Armadas. e desacato no curso de operações de garantia da lei e da ordem. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o processamento de civis (na maioria pobres, negros e favelados no Rio de Janeiro), por parte da Justiça militar, em operações de cumprimento da Lei e da Ordem, por enquadramento nos crimes de desobediência e desacato praticados contra militares. A investigação ocorreu por meio de análise qualitativa de acórdãos do Superior Tribunal Militar, entre os anos de 2011 a 2019, em condenações por desobediência e desacato, no curso de operações de Garantia da Lei e da Ordem empregadas contra moradores de comunidades faveladas do Rio de Janeiro, que se insurgiram contra a atuação policial das Forças Armadas.
Application for Lecturer Recruitment Using Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) Method Case Study: Tanri Abeng University Jakarta
Authors: Larasati Pramitha Dwi , Irawan Ari
Published: February 2021

In the selection of acceptance of lecturers at a university can be done when the selected applicants have a good competence in accordance with they’re background because this can affect the teaching service. Lecturers who have good competence has the ability for understanding the subject matter that in line with the background, extensive pieces of knowledge, be able to speak English both oral and written and be able to provide a positive example and teaching methods that are easily understood by students. This can provide a good image for the university because the selected lecturers have a good potential. To help determine the acceptance of lecturers then we needed a decision support system. One method that can be used for Decision Support System is using Simple  Additive Weighting (SAW). This method is chosen because it is able to select the best alternative from a number of alternatives, in this case, the intended alternative is to determine the acceptance of lecturers
PENGAMANAN DATA TEKS MELALUI PERPADUAN ALGORITMA BEAUFORT DAN CAESAR CIPHER
Authors: Fadlan Muhammad , Sinawati Sinawati , Indriani Aida , Bintari Evi Dianti
Published: February 2021

The importance of maintaining data integrity and security is one of the challenges in the current digital era. One method that can be used to face this challenge is through cryptography. In cryptography there are several algorithms that can be used, one of which is the Caesar cipher algorithm. This algorithm has several disadvantages, including a limited number of characters of 26 characters. This can make the encryption results easily recognizable by other parties. This study aims to design a proposal for maintaining data security through cryptographic techniques, while addressing the problems inherent in the Caesar cipher algorithm. The combination of Caesar and Beaufort algorithm is done to overcome the existing problems. In addition, a character list of 94 characters was determined to be used in the process of encryption and decryption of text data. The result, through the integration of these two algorithms, the text cipher becomes more difficult to solve. There are two stages of the encryption process by using two different types of Keys for each stage in securing data
PUSH NOTIFICATION MONITORING SISTEM PINTU AIR BERBASIS ANDROID MENGGUNAKAN FIREBASE CLOUD MESSAGING
Authors: Fernando Frandia , Arini Arini , Fahrianto Feri
Published: February 2021

Flood disaster is very common, especially in Jakarta City. One way to control water debit is to create a dam or reservoir. In each reservoir there is a water gate which serves to dispose of unwanted water gradually or continuously according to the water volume present in the dam. The Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) Jakarta City needed a system that can monitor any existing water gates of the reservoir, this is to facilitate water gate inspectors to provide information. By using firebase cloud messaging technology that will be applied in the application of push-based android water doors. The application will provide notification and water gate data in real time, making it easier for users to get data in real time. Firebase Cloud Messaging is a cross platform solution that allows you to send messages reliably at no cost. In addition, the use of API as a processing medium to pull data from the web BPBD, optimize its function to mobile android. BPBD as the agency that tackling the disaster can know the state of the environment quickly and accurately. Applications created not only made for BPBD only but the general public can also to know the condition of the water gate. In addition, there are also ways of handling floods and what to do at each level of water level.For the next, this application can add other technollgy also IoT technology.
RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI E-SERTIFIKAT BERBASIS WEB MENGGUNAKAN METODE PENGEMBANGAN WATERFALL
Authors: Samala Agariadne Dwinggo , Fajri Bayu Ramadhani
Published: February 2021

Certification is a determination given by a professional organization to someone to show that the person has competence, is able to do a specific job or task. Quality Assurance and Learning Development Institute Universitas Negeri Padang (LP3M UNP) currently still issues paper-based certificates manually for each training activity. Issuance of certificates manually turned out to be quite time consuming and inefficient. Then the absence of a verification system that can check the authenticity and ownership of certificates can provide opportunities for certificate forgery. So, it is very important to design and build a web-based electronic certificate application (e-certificate) that is able to generate certificates online and be able to verify the authenticity and ownership of the electronic certificates. This study uses a Research and Development (R&D) approach. This type of development method uses the waterfall approach. At the system design stage using the Unified Modeling Language (UML), and for the database using MySQL. The results of this study are web-based e-certificate applications that are designed successfully to support the process of generating and verifying the authenticity and ownership of electronic certificates online. Based on the results of testing the system with the black box method also shows that all the functionality of the e-certificate application that is designed to run very well and in accordance with user needs.
De Puerto Rico a Puerto Guerra: las alteraciones al paisaje puertorriqueño con fines militares, entre 1939 a 1945
Authors: Nieves Rivera Jorge
Published: February 2021

La historiografía sobre la Segunda Guerra Mundial en Puerto Rico contiene análisis políticos, económicos, militares y geográficos. Sin embargo, el análisis histórico ambiental sobre el impacto de las políticas establecidas por el gobierno de los Estados Unidos en la Isla durante ese periodo ha sido exiguos. La implementación de nuevas políticas con fines de seguridad militar desde el 1939 hasta 1945, acarreó además una alteración del paisaje natural isleño que impactó grandes áreas de la topografía del archipiélago puertorriqueño. Gracias a un nuevo paradigma en la historiografía ambiental se ha tomado en consideración los efectos ambientales de las guerras a nivel global y a su vez, crea las condiciones para una reflexión sobre el asunto a manera de comparar y contrastar escenarios. Es por esa razón que, este ensayo aspira a sumarle el análisis ambiental de manera preliminar para continuar con el estudio sobre esta guerra y sus efectos. Además, intentamos exponer los cambios historiográficos que se llevaron a cabo a mediados del siglo XX en medio de la Segunda Guerra y bajo la Guerra Fría en la academia puertorriqueña. Pero, sobre todo, busca continuar incluyendo a la Isla a los debates historiográficos contemporáneos que se llevan a cabo en el Gran Caribe y en Latinoamérica.
Robust optimization of gradient RP HPLC method for simultaneous determination of ivabradine and its eleven related substances by AQbD approach
Authors: Tomić Jovana , Djajić Nevena , Agbaba Danica , Otašević Biljana , Malenović Andjelija , Protić Ana
Published: February 2021

This paper is aimed at developing a gradient elution reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the separation of a complex mixture composed of ivabradine and its eleven impurities, in a reasonable timeframe. In order to obtain a robust and reliable HPLC method for separation of this mixture, Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) was applied. This approach demonstrated to be useful in development of a long lasting life cycle methods. Four chromatographic variables were defined as key method parameters (KMPs) and optimized towards the analytical target profile (ATP). Designated KMPs were initial and final amount of acetonitrile in the mobile phase, pH value of the aqueous phase and gradient time, while resolutions of critical peak pairs were denoted as critical method attributes (CMAs). Relationships between KMPs and CMAs were obtained with the aid of Design of Experiments (DoEs) methodology among which Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to gain valid mathematical models. Obtained mathematical equations were used to construct the Design Space (DS) and select reliable optimal separation conditions. They included 11% (v/v) and 34% (v/v) of initial and final amount of acetonitrile, respectively, as well as 45 min of gradient elution time and 20 mM ammonium acetate as aqueous mobile phase with pH set to 7.35. The possibility to separate the diastereoisomers of impurity X was also evaluated. It was demonstrated that this separation could not be achieved in gradient elution mode within the defined variable domains and in a reasonable time span. The developed method was validated according to ICH Q2 (R1) guideline and met all the required criteria.
Three Short Case Studies of Non?Religious Spiritual Care
Authors: Almog Roni , Shafrir Omer , Shavit Rachel , Ulitzur Nirit
Published: February 2021

Unlike Western countries with a majority of Protestant citizens, initiatives in the field of spiritual care provision in Israel have involved mostly lay leadership and secular individuals from their very inception, rather than clergy and religious adherents. This religiously neutral position made it easier for spiritual care to be accepted across the varied sub-populations that compose the unique mosaic of Israeli culture. Adhering to a religiously neutral approach led to the use of a broader set of tools in order to reach people in their time of distress. Currently, there are about 130 certified spiritual caregivers in Israel who graduated from four accredited training programs. This article describes three short case studies, in which we can see the benefits of three such neutral approaches – connecting with nature, gentle touch, and non-theistic personal prayer.
Rearranging the Domain
Authors: Den Toom Niels , Walton Martin , Körver Jacques , Vos Pieter , Kruizinga Renske
Published: February 2021

Clearly, chaplaincy is concerned with spirituality. But spirituality does not cover all that chaplaincy is about. In addition, there is critique on the clarity, usefulness and precision of the concept of spirituality. In order to express the richness of the profession and safeguard the particular characteristics of spirituality, this article proposes a new arrangement of chaplaincy’s domain: meaning and worldviews, including existential, ethical, spiritual and aesthetic dimensions. The model is considered with regard to two criteria: does the definition do justice to the plural, rich and various experiences of spirituality and meaning, including non-Christian and secular experiences? And does the definition help to communicate chaplaincy and its particular characteristics to other professions? The definition of the Dutch Association of Spiritual Caregivers is presented and reflected upon from a philosophical view. Finally, the definition is tested for its usefulness through application in some case studies.
Desenvolvimento de Atividades Convectivas Sobre a Região Nordeste do Brasil, Organizada Pela Extremidade Frontal
Authors: Veber Maicon Eirólico , Fedorova Natalia , Levit Vladimir
Published: February 2021

Resumo Nas extremidades de zonas frontais que atingem o Nordeste brasileiro (NEB), em alguns eventos, desenvolve-se convecção, e em outras frentes isso não ocorre. Os eventos em que ocorre convecção profunda sobre o NEB, estão associados a eventos de precipitação intensa e possíveis transtornos associados. Por isso, o objetivo geral é analisar as diferenças dos processos dinâmicos e termodinâmicos nestes eventos e obter os padrões de circulação. Foram utilizados dados de reanálise do modelo global do NCEP/NCAR e imagens de satélite do canal infravermelho para o período de dez anos (2000-2009). Durante este período, foram identificadas 103 zonas frontais no NEB. O maior número das frentes foi detectado nos anos de 2002 e 2007 (14 e 13, respectivamente) e o menor, nos anos de 2004 e 2005 (5 e 6, respectivamente). A atividade convectiva na extremidade frontal foi formada em 68 eventos (Grupo 1, G1), e em 35 eventos foi identificada banda de nebulosidade pouco ativa (Grupo 2, G2). A análise termodinâmica foi baseada na análise de dados de radiossondagens em 5 estações do NEB e a instabilidade foi avaliada pela Convective Available Potencial Energy (CAPE) e índices de instabilidade K, Total Totals (TT) e Lifted index (LI). CAPE e LI mostraram as maiores diferenças entre os casos de G1 e G2. Os eventos do G1 foram encontrados durante todas as estações do ano, porém mais frequentes durante o verão (33 casos), nas transições fria (19 casos) e quente (14 eventos) e 1 evento no inverno. Os eventos do G2 foram mais frequentes durante o inverno (22 eventos), 7 eventos foram observados nas transições frio e quente e não foram observados durante o verão. Foram elaborados os padrões da circulação em G1 e G2 em baixos, médios e altos níveis. Sistemas sinóticos do G1 criaram confluência das correntes em baixos e médios níveis sobre o NEB, todavia no G2 foi observada circulação anticiclônica. Em altos níveis a presença do VCAN, ou de um cavado intenso, foi típico para G1.Os padrões de circulação e conclusões sobre utilização de índices de instabilidade pode facilitar na previsão de desenvolvimento de convecção na extremidade frontal.
A Rouparia da casa e a manutenção de costumes ibéricos em São Paulo no século XVII
Authors: SILVA Luciana da
Published: February 2021

Resumo Neste artigo discutiremos a presença e a importância da rouparia da casa nos domicílios da vila de São Paulo e arredores, entre 1596 e 1640, com base no estudo de 130 inventários post mortem, a partir da perspectiva de análise da cultura material. O objetivo é compreender aspectos da relação entre a manutenção de costumes de matriz ibérica e esses artefatos têxteis numa região do Império e num período marcados por uma forte adesão à elementos culturais indígenas. Para tanto, o interior da casa será brevemente delineado, dando a conhecer traços relevantes dos conjuntos de objetos que o preenchiam, de acordo com diferentes níveis de fortuna. Composto esse breve panorama, os conjuntos de rouparia da casa serão analisados, quantitativa e qualitativamente. Os conjuntos mais ricos, por serem os mais diversificados e completos, serão apresentados como estudos de casos, a partir dos quais observaremos importantes aspectos de como os itens dessa categoria de artefatos em escrutínio eram compostos e usados e o que eles significavam no cotidiano do período em questão.
Câmaras municipais e fiscalidade: Negociação, resistência e conflito (Pernambuco, primeira metade do século XVIII)
Authors: SOUZA George Felix Cabral de
Published: February 2021

Resumo Pretendemos identificar as estratégias empregadas pelas câmaras municipais de Pernambuco frente à imposição de carga fiscal pelos poderes centrais na primeira metade do século XVIII, seja no exercício de seu papel como arrecadadoras, seja como canal de protestos perante situações que afrontavam os interesses locais. Ao mesmo tempo, procuramos observar e confrontar uma outra dimensão da municipalidade no âmbito da fiscalidade, qual seja, a de impositora de tributos e taxas. Nesse aspecto, interessa-nos também caracterizar a reação dos administrados frente à edilidade. Em ambos os casos - quando a câmara protesta e quando ela é o alvo dos protestos - procuramos contextualizar as manifestações no âmbito do arcabouço de ideias e justificativas disponíveis à época e apontar que os interesses locais não coincidem necessariamente com os interesses gerais. Buscamos demonstrar que nos temas fiscais as municipalidades eram usadas para atender primordialmente os grupos minoritários que as compunham, mas que por estarem embebidas em uma tradição de governança comunitária não podiam se descolar inteiramente dos anseios gerais dos administrados, sob pena de deslegitimação frente aos vizinhos. As fontes utilizadas foram as correspondências conservadas no Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino (AHU) e no arquivo do Instituto Arqueológico, Histórico e Geográfico Pernambucano (IAHGP).
Boi de Fama: "Pessoal de bumbá", agentes do estado, jornalistas, literatos e a sociabilidade festiva nos subúrbios de Belém (décadas de 1920 e 1930)
Authors: COSTA Antonio Maurício Dias da
Published: February 2021

Resumo Este texto aborda alianças e conflitos entre brincantes, gestores públicos, jornalistas e literatos envolvidos direta ou indiretamente com grupos de boi bumbá em Belém do Pará nas décadas de 1920 e 1930. Interações positivas ou negativas garantiam visibilidade e repercussão social (pela oposição ou pela exaltação) aos agentes do boi nas folhas jornalísticas e na produção memorialística de literatos, identificados com as manifestações culturais do que chamavam de povo suburbano de Belém. Os cordões de boi tornam-se então, à despeito de juízos condenatórios de membros das elites e da repressão policial, prática legítima de sociabilidade festiva das classes trabalhadoras dos bairros pobres de Belém diante da apreciação pública. Vinculavam-se a essas manifestações matrizes culturais negras evocadoras de temas e tipos sociais amazônicos (caboclos, índios, vaqueiros), ao mesmo tempo, constituídas como atração do mercado suburbano de entretenimento. O artigo investiga as condições da convivência conflituosa interna e externa ao "pessoal do boi", com foco nas tentativas de agentes de segurança pública de coibir a circulação dos grupos pelas ruas da cidade, bem como na proposição de intelectuais de que os bumbás compunham a tradição da cultura regional.
Contando histórias: categorização de pertencimento e instruções-em-ação em um ambiente de ensino e aprendizagem de PLA
Authors: Morelo Bruna , Moutinho Ricardo
Published: February 2021

RESUMO Neste estudo, analisamos interações entre participantes de um curso de contação de histórias em Português como Língua Adicional (PLA), ofertado como disciplina opcional em uma universidade do interior da China. Levando em consideração que para se entender as atividades da vida diária, é necessário olharmos para como as pessoas agem e fazem sentido dessas ações localmente, esta pesquisa adota o aporte metodológico da Etnometodologia e da Análise da Conversa. Por meio da observação dos dados gerados através de gravação audiovisual de uma das aulas do curso em questão, constatamos um trabalho categorizacional (i.e.: a produção de tipos particulares de itens sequenciais informada pela orientação dos interagentes a categorias de pertencimento presentes na sociedade; p.e.: professor, aluno, médico, paciente etc.) por parte dos participantes do curso, que, unido ao sentido que esses participantes fazem (na interação) das instruções sobre como participar das aulas, revela a complexa relação reflexiva entre planejamento pedagógico e interação em sala de aula de língua adicional.
La (des)cortesía en el ámbito político: estudio del debate electoral español de 2019
Authors: Rodrigo Susana Ridao
Published: February 2021

RESUMEN El objetivo de este artículo se centra en analizar las tipologías discursivas sobre la (des)cortesía utilizadas por cuatro políticos españoles: Pablo Casado, Pedro Sánchez, Pablo Iglesias y Albert Rivera. El corpus examinado es el debate electoral que tuvo lugar el 28 de abril de 2019. Como resultado destaca que las categorías más empleadas fueron: la cortesía valorizadora directa de halagos (33,18%) cuando hablan de su propio partido político, la descortesía al referirse a partidos políticos rivales, en particular, la descortesía negativa (30,63%), la descortesía descarnada (17,89%) y la descortesía grosera (14,39%).
Is the Fistula First Approach still valid?
Authors: Franco Ricardo Portiolli
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT The Fistula First Breakthrough Initiative, founded in 2003, was responsible for changing the access profile in the United States, increasing the prevalence of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) by 50% and reducing that of arteriovenous grafts (AVGs). However, the concept that AVFs are always the best access for all patients has been challenged. Discussion points are: (1) the questionable survival benefit of AVFs over AVGs, if one takes into account the high rates of primary AVF failure; (2) the potential benefits of using AVGs for greater primary success; and (3) the questionable benefit of AVFs over AVGs in patients with shorter survival, such as the elderly. The high rate of primary failure and maturation procedures leads to prolonged use of catheters, and it is one of the weaknesses of the fistula first strategy. AVGs proved to be better than AVFs as a second access after the failure of a first AVF, and in patients with non-ideal vessels, with greater primary success and reduced catheter times. AVGs appear to have a similar survival to AVFs in patients older than 80 years, with less primary failures and interventions to promote maturation. The most recent KDOQUI guidelines suggest an individualized approach in access planning, taking into account life expectancy, comorbidities and individual vascular characteristics, with the aim of chosing adequate access for the right patient, at the right time, for the right reasons.
Un estudio sobre la posibilidad de aplicar la inteligencia artificial en las decisiones judiciales
Authors: Cárdenas Erick Rincón , Molano Valeria Martinez
Published: February 2021

Resumen La inteligencia artificial es una herramienta que cada vez se encuentra más presente en el desarrollo de las actividades cotidianas realizadas por los seres humanos, y, en esta medida, se busca aplicarla en diferentes sectores, como lo es el campo del Derecho, principalmente en lo relacionado con las decisiones judiciales. Este artículo pretende resolver diferentes interrogantes que existen en relación a la aplicación de inteligencia artificial a decisiones judiciales, analizando si la misma genera utilidad, si es factible su implementación y las consecuencias que trae consigo que un sistema jurídico experto participe en la toma de decisiones jurídicas. Como resultado de esta investigación académica y teórica, se determina que la participación de un sistema experto jurídico en la toma de decisiones judiciales tiene como principal implicación el aumento de la seguridad jurídica en el sistema judicial, como consecuencia de un aumento de confianza en la misma. Dicho aumento de confianza, acompañado de la mayor celeridad de la administración de justicia, puede justificar los costos que tiene su aplicación. No obstante las ventajas, no se puede desconocer que la responsabilidad de estas decisiones recaerá siempre en el ser humano, para el caso concreto en el juez.
Validation of an exercise booklet for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Silva Rafaela Ester Galisteu da , Silva Romeu Paulo Martins , Avelar Ariane Ferreira Machado
Published: February 2021

Abstract Introduction: Leukemia is the most common childhood cancer, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) accounts for 75 to 80% of all such cases in this population. Survival has increased among children and adolescents due to advances in diagnosis and treatment, with a growing emphasis on the need for rehabilitation to improve functionality and quality of life, mitigating the long-term effects of treatment. Objective: To describe the process of compiling and validating an exercise booklet for children and adolescents during and after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Methods: Methodological study using the Delphi technique for validation. The panel of experts consisted of seven healthcare professionals and three mothers of children without ALL. The booklet was evaluated using a form containing 15 items scored on a 5-point Likert scale, and by qualitative assessment. The frequency of the expert ratings, percentage agreement and content validity index (CVI) were presented for each item and the instrument as a whole. Analyses were performed in R 3.5.1 software. Results: The booklet containing stretching, aerobics, strength and relaxation exercises was validated in the second round, reaching 100% consensus. When assessed only by the mothers, 93.33% consensus was achieved in a single round. Conclusion: The exercises booklet was validated for use in the population studied.
Analysis of physical therapy education in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Medeiros Arthur de Almeida , Batiston Adriane Pires , Souza Laís Alves de , Ferrari Fernando Pierette , Barbosa Isabelle Ribeiro
Published: February 2021

Abtract Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic brought the need for social distancing as a strategy to control the disease, prompting most countries to te.,mporarily suspend educational activities at all levels. Objective: To analyze the status of physical therapy education in Brazilian public and private institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study with professors from physical therapy courses in Brazil. The study was conducted using an electronic form distributed via a social media application, containing questions on the characteristics of the professor, educational institution and work process. Associations were analyzed by the chi-squared test at 5% significance. Results: A total of 313 professors from 22 Brazilian states participated, with 62.94% from private institutions and 73.80% reporting that activities were conducted via emergency remote teaching (ERT). Among the professors who shifted to ERT, 63.20% did so with no prior planning and 28.13% had received no training for this this teaching format. An association was observed between the type of institution (public or private) and professors’ age (p < 0.001), sex (p < 0.001), teaching experience (p < 0.001) and adopting ERT (p < 0.001). Conclusion: In Brazil, the COVID-19 pandemic prompted most institutions to switch to ERT, more prevalent at private facilities, with no prior planning for the transition from in-person to remote teaching.
Relationship between peak expiratory flow and impaired functional capacity in obese individuals
Authors: Moreira Graziele Mayra Santos , Ribeiro Angela Maria , Carvalho Patrícia Maria de Melo , Mira Pedro Augusto de Carvalho , Freitas Isabelle Magalhães Guedes
Published: February 2021

Abstract Introduction: Obesity, characterized by the accumulation of excess body fat, can alter respiratory mechanics and compromise functional capacity. Given its increasing prevalence and the significant morbidity associated with the condition, it is important to investigate techniques that enable rapid, easy measurement of lung function and the possible correlation between obesity and functional capacity. Objective: To assess lung function and functional capacity in obese adults and determine whether there is a correlation between reduced peak expiratory flow and impaired functional capacity. Methods: 30 participants, distributed into two groups: obese (36 ± 13 years) and normal weight (31 ± 9 years) were evaluated based on anthropometric measurements, the six-minute walk test (6MWT) and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Results: The obese individuals showed reduced PEF (382 ± 99 vs. 497 ± 104 L/min, p < 0.01), walked shorter distances in the 6MWT (453 ± 37 vs. 617 ± 50 m, p < 0.01), had higher blood pressure and perceived exertion (p < 0.05) when compared to normal weight participants. Additionally, there was a positive significant association between expiratory flow and distance walked in the 6MWT (r = 0.635 and p < 0.001). Conclusion: Obese individuals exhibited lower PEF and walked shorter distances in the 6MWT, indicating a positive correlation between these two variables. In light of this outcome, the assessment methods used could contribute to improving analysis of respiratory and functional status in this population and aid in exercise prescription.
Concordância do registro informatizado de imunização de Araraquara, São Paulo, 2018
Authors: Garcia Érica Marvila , Murakami Junior Jose , Costa Ângela Aparecida , Inenami Marta , Figueiredo Walter Manso , Waldman Eliseu Alves , Sato Ana Paula Sayuri
Published: February 2021

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever a concordância entre os dados de imunização do Sistema Juarez e as informações da caderneta de vacinação e as coberturas vacinais em crianças de 12 a 24 meses. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, para avaliar a situação vacinal aos 12 e 24 meses de idade de crianças nascidas em 2015 e registradas no Sistema Juarez. Foram verificados os níveis de concordância entre os dados do Sistema Juarez e as informações da caderneta de vacinação. Resultados: Foram incluídas 429 crianças. Verificou-se que a concordância variou entre 84,1 e 99,1%. As coberturas no inquérito vacinal para cada vacina variaram de 86,1 a 100%; e para o esquema completo, de 77,1 (12 meses) a 68,8% (24 meses). As distribuições espaciais da cobertura vacinal foram de 28 a 100%. Conclusão: Observou-se ótima concordância entre os dados, com altas coberturas vacinais, muito embora heterogeneidade em suas distribuições espaciais.
Casos de violência contra pessoas com deficiência notificados por serviços de saúde brasileiros, 2011-2017
Authors: Mello Nicole Freitas de , Pereira Éverton Luís , Pereira Vinícius Oliveira de Moura , Santos Leonor Maria Pacheco
Published: February 2021

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever os casos de violência contra pessoas com deficiência notificados por serviços de saúde brasileiros, em 2011-2017. Métodos: Estudo descritivo de dados secundários das notificações de violência contra pessoas com deficiência no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan). Resultados: Foram registrados 116.219 casos de violência contra pessoas com deficiência no período. A maioria das vítimas era do sexo feminino (67%), branca (50,7%), na idade de 20 a 59 anos (61,6%), com deficiência mental (58,1%), sendo frequente a ocorrência de múltipla deficiência (15,9%), especialmente mental e intelectual. A violência autoprovocada correspondeu a 44,5% das notificações, enquanto a violência física foi a mais notificada (51,6%); em 36,5% das notificações, o provável agressor era um membro da família. Conclusão: A descrição dos casos de violência contra pessoas com deficiência, notificados por serviços de saúde brasileiros, pode contribuir para a formulação e aprimoramento de políticas públicas voltadas a esse importante problema.
Fashion Media and Sustainability: Encouraging Ethical Consumption via Journalism and Influencers
Authors: Denisova Anastasia
Published: February 2021

Fashion is among the biggest polluters, yet the media still promote throwaway fast fashion. The growing fashion public relations industry encourages and enables this media coverage. This policy brief identifies patterns in the way journalists and influencers cover fashion which contribute to unsustainable buying behaviours. Recent research recommends practical steps to improve media coverage to make consumption sustainable, by changing consumers’ understanding and reducing the pressure on them to buy ‘fast’ satisfaction. Policy recommendations here suggested are based on original analysis of 1,000+ media artefacts in the UK – from magazines to newspapers, gossip weeklies to Instagram influencers. Researcher Anastasia Denisova proposes regulation of vocabulary and of affiliated links in journalism and social media, greater discussion of the psychology of buying and a ‘paid advertisement label’. Also recommended is a more proactive approach to be taken by magazines and other media with the aim of promoting restyling advice and more sustainable coverage for readers of differing financial means.
High-molecular weight DNA extraction, clean-up and size selection for long-read sequencing v1
Authors: Jones Ashley , Torkel Cynthia , Stanley David , Nasim Jamila , Borevitz Justin , Schwessinger Benjamin
Published: February 2021

Rapid advancements in long-read sequencing technologies have transformed sequencing read lengths from bps to Mbps, which has enabled chromosome-scale genome assemblies. However, read lengths are now becoming limited by the extraction of pure high-molecular weight DNA suitable for long-read sequencing, which is particularly challenging in plants and fungi. To overcome this, we present a protocol collection; high-molecular weight DNA extraction, clean-up and size selection for long-read sequencing. We optimised a gentle magnetic bead based high-molecular weight DNA extraction, which is presented here in detail. The protocol circumvents spin columns and high-centrifugation, to limit DNA fragmentation. The protocol is scalable based on tissue input, which can be used on many species of plants, fungi, reptiles, insects and bacteria. It is also cost effective compared to kit-based protocols and hence applicable at scale at low resource settings. An optional sorbitol wash is listed and is highly recommended for plant and fungal tissues. To further remove any remaining contaminants such as phenols and polysaccharides, optional DNA clean-up and size selection strategies are given. This protocol collection is suitable for all common long-read sequencing platforms, such as technologies offered by PacBio and Nanopore. Using these protocols, sequencing on the Oxford Nanopore MinION can achieve read length N50 values of 30-50 kb, with reads exceeding 200 kb and outputs ranging from 15-30 Gbp. This has been routinely achieved with eucalypts, acacias, rice, themeda, wheat, wheat rusts, various other fungi, geckos, skinks, ticks, ladybird beetles, caterpillars and E. coli.
Isolation of live single cells from intestinal biopsy v2
Authors: Karakasheva Tatiana , E Hamilton Kathryn
Published: February 2021

This protocol describes dissociation of a human intestinal biopsy tissue into single cells, followed by depletion of dead cells via annexin V MACS beads. The outcome is a single-cell suspension with viability ≥ 90% that is used for single-cell sequencing or establishemt of enteroid/colonoid culture.
Efficacy, safety and complications of autologous fat grafting to the eyelids and periorbital area: A systematic review and meta-analysis v1
Authors: Yang Fan
Published: February 2021

Background: In recent years, autologous fat grafting (AFG), also known as fat transfer or lipofilling, has been widely performed for periorbital rejuvenation and defect correction, although the evidence regarding its efficacy and safety is still lacking. Besides, with respect to the periorbital region, it is invariably the earliest appearance area of the facial aging phenomenon. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis is needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this technique. Methods: A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library databases on November 11, 2020, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, to identify all relevant articles. Then, a data extraction and standardization process was performed to assess all outcome data. Ultimately, the data were assessed using a random effects regression model with comprehensive meta-analysis software. Results: Thirty-six studies consisting of four cohorts and 32 case series with a total of 3997 cases were included. The mean follow-up was 1.5 years. Meta-analysis revealed a relatively high satisfaction rate of 93.7% (95% CI, 89.6%–96.2%). Frequent complications in 3997 patients receiving AFG were edema, chemosis, and contour irregularity, with an overall complication rate of 7.7% (95% CI, 4.3%–13.3%). Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that AFG for rejuvenation of eyelids and periorbital area provided a high satisfaction rate and did not result in severe complications. Therefore, AFG might be performed safely for periorbital rejuvenation and reconstruction.
Locating Cities and Their Governments in Multi-Level Sustainability Governance
Authors: Hickmann Thomas
Published: February 2021

Cities and their governments are increasingly recognized as important actors in global sustainability governance. With the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, their role in the global endeavor to foster sustainability has once again been put in the spotlight. Several scholars have highlighted pioneering local strategies and policies to implement the Sustainable Development Goals and render urban areas more sustainable. However, the question of how such urban sustainability actions are embedded in complex interactions between public and private actors operating at different levels has not been studied in enough detail. Building upon a multi-level governance approach, this article explores the entanglement and interconnectedness of cities and local governments with actors and institutions at various levels and scales to better capture the potential and limitations of urban policymaking contributing to global sustainability. The article finds that on the one hand cities and their governments are well positioned to engage other actors into a policy dialogue. On the other hand, local authorities face considerable budgetary and institutional capacity constraints, and they heavily rely on support from actors at other governmental levels and societal scales to carry out effective sustainability actions in urban areas.
Early and medium-term results of total joint arthroplasty of first carpo-metacarpal joint
Authors: Simonova Ekaterina N. , Aleksandrov Timofei I. , Prokhorenko Valeriy M.
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Reviews dedicated to surgical treatment of the first carpo-metacarpal joint repeatedly state that the evaluation of arthroplasty results is difficult. This is due to the small clinical study groups and the lack of description of all types of outcomes.

The aim of the study is to analyze obtained early and midterm results of ceramic CMC-arthroplasty. The endoprosthesis are represented with unbound proximal and distal components made of ceramic material. The interaction of the head and cup is represented with no intersecting forces that impede on the multi-axial movement. The surgical technique of CMC-1 joint arthroplasty prescribes the installation of components by the press-fit fixation. There is a brief emphasis on the features of the joint and contributing factors for the development of risarthrosis. Early results are described. Cases of unsatisfactory outcomes are described separately.

Materials and methods. The study group included patients from 33 to 72 years. The total number of observers was 28 people. We performed revision endoprosthetics in 2 cases (7%), which were associated with aseptic instability of the proximal component according to the osteoporosis. It obvious that endoprosthetics is the only method of orthopedic care that allows maintain mobility and achieve stability of the destroyed CMC joint. Evaluation of the results was carried out by clinical and instrumental methods.

Results. It cannot be denied that the CMC arthroplasty is the only method of orthopedic care that allows to preserve mobility and achieve stability of the broken joint.

Conclusion. Arthroplasty of the carpo-metacarpal joint with ceramic implants is a promising method of orthopedic care, that allows to restore the function of the hand.
Screw fixation failure after 360° fusion at the lumbar level
Authors: Leonova Olga N. , Baykov Evgenii S. , Krutko Aleksandr V.
Published: February 2021

Aim: to identify possible predictors of screw loosening (SL) in patients after decompression and fusion at the lumbar level for degenerative spinal diseases.
Methods. The data of patients with degenerative lumbar diseases who underwent primary decompression and fusion and who were re-hospitalized were analyzed. Clinical data (demography, characteristics of primary surgical procedures and characteristics of the perioperative period), results of radiological methods (presence and characteristics of resorption around screws, bone density (BMD) by densitometry and CT, intervertebral fusion grade and implant subsidence) were evaluated.
Results. The study included 19 patients with SL and 37 patients without resorption, median age 59.1 [51.4; 63.1] years, men 20 (35.7%). When comparing patients with and without SL, there was no significant difference in gender, age, method of surgery, length of the fixation (p 0.05). According to CT scans, the bone density of the vertebrae between the groups did not differ significantly (p 0.05). In the group with SL, fusion failure was more common than in the group without SL (22.6% versus 20.7%), but the differences are not significant (p 0.05). In the intergroup comparison, it was determined that, in general, there were more complications in the group with SL than in the group without SL (p = 0.00015) due to the greater number of infectious complications (p = 0.00044). Also, patients with SL had a significantly longer duration of primary hospital stay (p = 0.000021).
Conclusion. Patients with SL after primary surgery have a significantly longer hospital stay duration, mainly (45.8%) due to infectious complications. Patients with SL have comparable bone density in both the vertebral bodies and pedicles compared to patients without SL.