bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENCIPTAAN NILAI TAMBAH DAN PENGEMBANGAN AGROINDUSTRI BERBASIS KOMODITAS KELOR (Moringa Olifiera)
Authors: Soetriono Soetriono , Soejono Djoko , Zahrosa Dimas Bastara , Maharani Ariq Dewi
Published: July 2020

The Banyuwangi Regency area has the opportunity and has the potential to develop Moringa commodities. Moringa commodity enthusiasts in Banyuwangi Regency from various circles, both industry, medicine and vegetables are eaten. This study is to determine the added value The Banyuwangi Regency area has the opportunity and has the potential to develop Moringa commodities. Moringa commodity enthusiasts in Banyuwangi Regency from various circles, both industry, medicine and vegetables are eaten. This study is to determine the value added and economics of Moringa commodities and the strategy of developing Moringa commodity agroindustry. The method of data analysis uses descriptive, income analysis, value added analysis, and FFA (Force Field Analysis). The results obtained from Moringa processed products have a value-added advantage per 1 kg of positive raw material. Revenue per 1 production process, Moringa powder Rp. 2,943,263.89, Ginger Moringa teabag Rp. 1,210,463.89, Moringa dye jasmine tea Rp. 857,183.89, Moringa teabag Rp. 206,563.89, Moringa noodles amounting to Rp 104,255.56, moringa tortillas amounting to Rp 58,755.56, and lemuru kelor tortillas at Rp 177,055.56. The development strategy is to develop the cultivation of Moringa commodities intensively in order to ensure the continuity of raw materials for agro-industries and develop a plasma core partnership pattern with farmers to ensure the availability of raw materials for agro-industries; and optimizing the use of yield processing technology to maximize production capacity maximally while taking into account market demand.
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHA PENGGEMUKAN SAPI POTONG YANG MENDAPAT DUKUNGAN KREDIT TUNDA TEBANG (KTT) DI KABUPATEN SEMARANG
Authors: Safitri Ika Diah Ayu , Roessali Wiludjeng , Ekowati Titik
Published: July 2020

This study aims to analyze the utilization of delayed logging credit, analyze the R/C ratio, farmer income and net income for farmers who receive and do not receive credit support for fattening beef cattle. The study was conducted in December 2018 - January 2019 in Polosiri Village, Bawen District and Kawengen Village, East Ungaran District, Semarang Regency. Research method is sencus with 31 respondents who received credit support and 37 respondents did not receive credit support. Data were analysed by credit utilization analyze for liverstock and non livestock businesses, R/C ratio, farmer income and net income. Test of different uses of credit received by farmers for liverstock and non for liverstock was carried out using a Paired Sample t-Test and different test R/C ratio, net income and farmers income are carried out using the Independent Sample t-Test. The results showed that the utilization of credit for livestock businesses (52.52%) and non livestock (47.48%), R/C ratio of farmer credit support (1.16) and not credit support (1.13), farmers income of credit support (IDR 585,698/tail of cattle/month) and not credit support (IDR 460,898/tail of cattle/month) there was no significant difference. Net income of farmer credit support (IDR 544,798/tail of cattle/month) and not credit support (IDR 341,727/tail of cattle/month) there are significant differences.
Caringly subjective agency of Volunteer Fire Brigade members expressing the benefits of gifts and sacrifice for local communities
Authors: Stochmal Małgorzata
Published: July 2020

In the paper, I undertake the exploration of pro-social subjectivity as a latent feature defining the catalog of instructions made by an individual concerning another human being or toward a wider social environment. These instructions are released in practice in the form of various forms of social action for the common good, shaped in specific situational contexts. I perceive pro-social subjectiv-ity here as an emerging or shaped construct of the predisposition of a subject reflectively acting for the common good. The construct of subjectivity is formed by external social influences embedded in the cultural dimension and showed in the form of numerous gifts. The subject adopts the role of cre-ative influence on the existing situational context, often overcoming structural limitations due to the power of reflectiveness. The person undertakes activities related to the transformation of the social en-vironment, reproduction of resources relevant to the social tissue, demonstrates a commitment to the community, co-shapes changes or implements grassroots initiatives. By pro-social orders, I understand here the tendency of the individual to commit acts of sacrifice, at the sources of which we will find the commitment that leads one to such a pattern of demeanor. These acts are specific determinants of attitudes that should be described as pro-social. In the progress of operationalization, I selected five theoretical types of agency in the field of pro-social activities: 1. the agency of civic involvement, 2. the subjective agency expressing attention for democracy, 3. the agency expressing self-gift, 4. the agency expressing the thing gift and 5. the agency in the interest of common good. The distinguished types of agency reflect the repertoire of attitudes toward the implementation (or lack thereof) of pro-social acts as a special kind of gifts for others. Regardless of the generalizations made, these gifts are given to other people, conducive ― and also demonstrative ― to specific forms of social solidarity. In the prog-ress of empirical research, the model of pro-social subjectivity revealed the existence of seven pro-so-cial orientations showing the reflectiveness of man in relation to the following concerns: 1. the direct involvement in co-creating relatively close social networks, 2. the civic level involvement, 3. expressing concerns for democracy, 4. the bond-forming potential of culture, 5. beneficent and charitable support showing the imperatives of generosity, 6. the strengthening of social bonds, a sense of solidarity and 7. self-gift. The dynamics of pro-social subjectivity shows the orientations of members of the Volunteer Fire Department, the research was conducted out in 2017 on a nationwide experiment of 620 people.
The epicardium as a biological filter of the heart
Authors: Markov I. I. , Markova V. I. , Malychina T. V.
Published: July 2020

In the epicardium of many mammals, animals, including humans, were found to have typical arteriovenular anastomoses. However, they do not correspond to the description of those direct anastomoses between arteries and veins located under the epicardium, which were previously identified. The authors who described them, using injection methods, showed the passage of carcass suspension from sub-epicardial arteries to sub-epicardial veins. But they could not accurately identify the type of vessels carrying out these connections. It is possible that these are arteriovenular anastomoses, since their diameter not exceeds the diameter of the blood capillaries. At the same time, it was shown that the vascular structures of the epicardium carry out the separation of the blood in the coronary artery system. As a result, blood with high hematocrit and freed from most various analytes and neutrophilic granulocytes enters the microvascular bed of the myocardium. The ultrafiltrate of the blood plasma in the sub-epicardial loose connective tissue undergoes biodegradation and is utilized in the lymphatic micro vessels. The aim of the work is the morphological and functional substantiation of the concept about of the epicardium as a biological filter of the heart. The vascular bed of the epicardium of hearts of mature dogs was studied (n=5), revealed by various routine histological and original intra- and extravascular methods. It is proved that the microvascular bloodstream of the sub-epicardial connective tissue has pronounced organ specificity. It is determined by the presence of arteriovenular anastomoses and permanent plasma capillaries, as well as the high permeability of all vascular components. The microvascular bed of the epicardium causes an ascending dilatation of the coronary arteries and contributes to ultrafiltration of a significant amount of blood plasma into the sub-epicardial interstitial space. Thus, the process of the separation of the blood is carried out, as a result of which blood with high hematocrit and free of neutrophilic granulocytes enters the myocardium. In the epicardial connective tissue, analytes accumulate that cannot be resorbed by venous micro vessels. This «biological debris» undergoes destruction in the sub-epicardial connective tissue, which proves the role of the epicardium as a biological filter of the heart.
Effects of the prenatal injection to laboratory mice of the synestrol subtoxic dose on ovaries of the offspring
Authors: Sulaymanova R. T.
Published: July 2020

Recent studies that analyze the cytotoxic and pro-carcinogenic effects of estrogens indicate an increased risk of ovarian cancer in those patients which are treatment and do not exclude the effect of excessive hormonal levels on the formation of morphological and functional changes in tissues and organs in future offspring. The aim of the study was to study the effects of the prenatal effects of subtoxic doses of synestrol on the general morphology, histometric and immunohistochemical parameters of the ovaries of the offspring of laboratory mice in the its postnatal reproductive period of ontogenesis. Pregnant female laboratory mice were divided into 3 groups. The control group of animals was once injected olive oil at a dose of 0,2 μg/kg intramuscularly. The first experimental group of animals was injected intramuscularly a single dose of synestrol at a dose of 25 μg/kg in the form of a 2% oil solution, the second experimental group was injected intramuscularly once a single subtoxic dose of synestrol of 40 μg/kg in the form of a 2% oil solution. All pregnant female mice were treatment drugs at the gestational stage of E11.5. A histological study of the preparations of the ovaries of the offspring of the first experimental group of mice showed a change in the ratio of the area of cortical substance relative to the area of the medullar substance with a decrease in the number of follicles at different stages of development compared with similar indicators of the offspring of the control group of animals. A single intramuscular injection of synestrol at a dose of 40 μg/kg in the offspring of the second experimental group led to an increase in the area of cortical and medullar substances of the ovaries, a decrease in the number of primordial, primary (unilaminar) follicles, in contrast to the ovaries of the control group. In histological sections of the ovaries of the second experimental group, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of granulosa cells, as well as teca interna follicles were observed. The appearance of atretic bodies, focal luteinization, indicating a real prenatal effect of the hormone on the postnatal structure of the organ, was noted in the cortical substance. A decrease in the activity of markers of cell proliferation, the transcription factor p53 of an anti-oncogene, indicated damage to ovarian functions at the level of their molecular genetic predictors. The results of the study generally showed that the effect of a subtoxic dose of synestrol at stage E11.5 of the prenatal period of development of the offspring of laboratory mice leads to persistent morphological changes in their ovaries in the postnatal reproductive period of ontogenesis.
Morphological changes of tissues after the implantation of the biodegradable threads for the correction of the involution of the hand’s back side skin
Authors: Chekmareva I. A. , Paklina O. V. , Tishchenko A. L. , Abduvosidov Kh. A. , Agapova M. A.
Published: July 2020

The aging process of the skin of the hand continuously progresses from mature to advanced age. With age, the skin of the hand becomes pigmented, dry, wrinkled with an emphasized skin pattern, the tone of the skin of the hand decreases, thinning and atrophy of adipose tissue are noted, skin elasticity is lost with the formation of an excess of hypoelastic thinned dermis. In recent years, smooth thread implants have been used to correct involutional changes in the skin of the back of the hand. The aim of the study was a morphological evaluation of the effectiveness of the correction of involutional changes in the skin of the back surface of the hand with thread implants based on polycaprolactone and poly-L-lactic acid (PCL-PLLA) with notches. Using light and electron microscopy, we studied the reaction of cells and intercellular substance to the introduction of biodegradable filaments into the subcutaneous space. It was found that implantation of PCL-PLLA filaments increases the reparative potential of tissues. 3 months after implantation, stimulation of neocollagenesis and angiogenesis in the dermis and hypodermis was noted. The functional and proliferative activity of cells increased. Mitotic activity of cells in the basal layer of the epidermis led to an increase in its thickness. A clinically confirmed effect was noted after 3 months and persisted for 18 months after implantation. Long biodegradation of the threads (1.5-2 years) helps to slow down the aging process of the skin of the back surface of the hand, prolonging the processes of tissue revitalization.
85 years of the Department of Human Anatomy of the Kursk State Medical University
Authors: Kharchenko V. V. , Ryazayeva L. M. , Polskоy V. S. , Ivanov V. A. , Yashina I. N.
Published: July 2020

The need to organize a medical institute in the center of Soviet Russia was caused by difficult socio-economic conditions, an increase in the incidence of the population, and insufficient provision of medical care in the 30s of the 20th century. It was rational to found the new medical university in the city of Kursk to provide of the doctors training with the western part of the Central Black Earth Region. The decision of the Soviet Russia Government was implemented in 1935. One of the first to form and begin work was the Department of Normal Anatomy. The material base for ensuring the educational process at this difficult time was collected bit by bit and required a long time. However, the Great Patriotic War soon ensued and the department as part of the institute was evacuated to Alma-Ata in 1941. After the evacuation in 1943 its employees had to restore both the premises and the provision of the educational process with cadavers. The first heads of the department L.A. Shangina, M.K. Mavromati, N.V. Dobroserdov in the 40-50s began the formation of the anatomical museum and laid the foundations for scientific activity, which were mainly devoted to the study of the lymphatic system. From 1954 to 1966 under the heading of Professor A.A. Otelin were made significant changes to the educational process, the results of more than 40 morphological studies were published and 4 dissertations were defended. The main significant transformations occurred at the department during the years of Professor D.A. Sigalevich heading, 23 candidates and 4 doctoral dissertations were defended, a complete reconstruction of the anatomical museum was made, and many methodological manuals were created. Followers of Professor D.A. Sigalevich - E.M. Smolyar, E.P. Borzilov, N.N. Kaznacheev were keepers and enhanced the good traditions and staff of the department. Since 1999, the head of the department is Professor V.V. Kharchenko, who completely changed the face of the department, equipping it with new technical teaching aids, modern environmentally friendly preparations.
O ciclo menstrual tem influência sob a flexibilidade de mulheres treinadas e sedentárias?
Authors: Ribeiro Isadora Cristina , Padovani Carlos Roberto , Borin João Paulo
Published: July 2020

Introdução: A literatura acerca do desempenho da flexibilidade e sua relação com o ciclo menstrual é controversa, uma vez que as pesquisas avaliam diferentes populações. Objetivo: comparar o desempenho físico entre mulheres sedentárias e treinadas para a capacidade de flexibilidade durante as fases de dois ciclos menstruais e verificar se o desempenho de fases iguais sofre alterações de um ciclo para o outro. Metodologia: durante dois ciclos menstruais 12 voluntárias divididas nos grupos treinadas: G1 (n=6) e sedentárias: G2 (n=6) participaram de um protocolo de treinamento específico para flexibilidade e foram avaliadas quanto ao desempenho em flexibilidade pelo teste de sentar e alcançar no banco de Wells a cada fase dos ciclos menstruais. Resultados e discussão: O G1 obteve maior desempenho do que o G2 em todas as fases analisadas. Não houve diferença no desempenho entre as fases dos ciclos menstruais avaliados para nenhum dos grupos, além disso, o desempenho entre fases iguais nos diferentes ciclos manteve-se estável. Conclusão: mulheres treinadas em flexibilidade tem melhor desempenho nessa capacidade motora do que mulheres sedentárias e que o desempenho em flexibilidade não é afetado pelo ciclo menstrual em mulheres treinadas em flexibilidade e sedentárias.
Rights and resurgence in Aotearoa New Zealand: A case study of the united nations declaration on the rights of indigenous peoples role in self determination
Authors: Hampton Sierra
Published: July 2020

The 2007 United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (the Declaration) has gained increasing attention as a tool for promoting Indigenous rights. The study reported in this article contributes to the discussion about the Declaration’s effectiveness by analysing its role in advancing Indigenous peoples’ self-determination. A qualitative case study was conducted between January and February 2018 with 18 Māori activists in Aotearoa New Zealand, using a rights-based and Indigenous-based approach to form the analytical framework. Principal findings indicate that the power imbalance in Aotearoa and weak responsiveness by government to Māori rights undermine their self-determination. The Declaration can help bridge this imbalance by providing norms and standards to hold government accountable. This article also provides new scholarship on how and why Indigenous activists utilise rights-based and Indigenous-based approaches, finding that no single approach or advocacy method is used alone and that Māori deftly combine the Declaration with Indigenous methods of activism to enhance their self-determination.
Pois protéagineux comme concentré unique pour vaches laitières
Authors: HODEN A. , DELABY L. , MARQUIS B.
Published: July 2020

Deux rations complètes équilibrées à base d’ensilage de maïs comportant des apports iso-énergétiques d’aliments concentrés témoin classique (1 UFL/kg MS et 115 PDIE/UFL) ou expérimental (pois protéagineux) offertes en quantités limitées ont été comparées. Les apports nutritifs (UFL - PDI) ont été prédéterminés de façon à satisfaire sans excès les besoins des animaux. Selon un schéma expérimental en inversion comportant 2 périodes de 7 semaines, un total de 21 vaches en milieu de lactation (80 % primipares) réparties en 2 lots a reçu l’une ou l’autre de ces rations. Pour des apports moyens de 5,4 kg MS de concentré témoin ou de 4,6 kg MS de pois protéagineux, les quantités ingérées totales ont été identiques (3,08 kg MS % kg de poids vif). Les apports énergétiques ont été comparables (15,6 UFL/j) et ceux de PDI ont été sensiblement plus faibles pour la ration comportant le pois protéagineux. Les bilans énergétiques ont été légèrement excédentaires, surtout pour le traitement expérimental (+ 0,7 UFL). Les bilans PDI sont à l’opposé déficitaires, en particulier pour la ration comportant le pois protéagineux (-130 g contre - 55 g pour le témoin). Pour les 2 traitements, les productions de lait, de matières grasses et de protéines ont été comparables et en moyenne de 23,5 kg, 948 g et 692 g par jour respectivement. La composition du lait a aussi été identique mais les taux protéiques ont été faibles par rapport aux taux butyreux (30 vs 41 g/kg respectivement). Les vaches les plus fortes productrices ont cependant diminué plus fortement leur production de lait 4 % (P < 0,07), de matières grasses (P < 0,02) et le taux butyreux (P < 0,02) lorsqu’elles ont reçu le pois protéagineux. En conclusion, il est possible de valoriser des quantités importantes de pois protéagineux jusqu’à des niveaux de production de 25 à 30 kg de lait par jour. Pour les productions supérieures, il sera nécessaire d’apporter simultanément des protéines de qualité.
Influence d’une supplémentation de la ration en lipides sur la qualité du lait chez la vache
Authors: DOREAU M. , CHILLIARD Y.
Published: July 2020

L’enrichissement en matières grasses des rations est couramment pratiqué pour les vaches laitières fortes productrices. L’une des conséquences les plus fréquentes est la diminution de la teneur en protéines, et plus particulièrement en caséines du lait. Les causes en sont encore mal connues. Une partie de cet effet est liée à la dilution des protéines dans un volume accru de lait, car la sécrétion totale de protéines n’est que peu affectée. La diminution du taux protéique est beaucoup plus modérée au début de la lactation, où l’effet positif sur la production laitière est moins net, qu’après le pic de production. L’incorporation de matières grasses dans les rations a un effet très variable sur le taux butyreux, qui dépend du bilan entre l’augmentation des acides gras longs d’origine alimentaire et la réduction de la synthèse mammaire des acides gras à chaîne courte ou moyenne. La teneur en acides gras polyinsaturés dans le lait n’est presque jamais fortement modifiée, en raison de l’hydrogénation des lipides alimentaires dans le rumen. Seule la technique d’encapsulation des lipides dans une coque de protéines tannées protège les lipides alimentaires de l’hydrogénation ruminale. Certains types de suppléments lipidiques entraînent une détérioration de la valeur organoleptique des produits laitiers, en particulier par oxydation et rancissement.
Economie et santé en production porcine
Authors: MADEC F. , FOURICHON C. , MORVAN P. , LABBE A.
Published: July 2020

Le rôle de la pathologie sur les coûts de production et le revenu des éleveurs est largement évoqué dans la littérature vétérinaire. La plupart des auteurs s’accordent sur cette relation mais les avis sont nettement plus divergents en ce qui concerne l’estimation de l’impact en termes financiers. A l’échelle d’un élevage, lorsqu’il s’agit de maladies bien définies et intervenant sur une période bien délimitée les calculs sont facilités. Il s’agit essentiellement de maladies aigües entraînant une augmentation de la mortalité. Dans le cas de troubles chroniques, les calculs sont plus difficiles. Il y a lieu de prendre en compte des indicateurs de santé appropriés et objectifs. Différentes voies d’approche du coût des maladies du porc sont explorées et des exemples sont présentés. L’attention est attirée sur l’intérêt de l’analyse économique et sur l’intégration de paramètres sanitaires dans la gestion des élevages.
Test de types génétiques pour une production avicole locale au Maroc
Authors: BENABDELJELIL K. , MÉRAT P.
Published: July 2020

Un croisement de poulets de chair de type Label "Cou nu" et un croisement de type commercial standard ont été testés tous deux dans des conditions d’élevage courantes au Maroc, d’une part en saison d’hiver (éclosion le 19/01/90), de l’autre en saison chaude (éclosion le 05/06/90). La croissance, l’efficacité alimentaire et la mortalité ont été relevées jusqu’à l’âge de 70 jours dans le premier cas, de 49 jours dans le second. Les performances de croissance des deux croisements, comme prévisible, ont été très différentes. L’effet dépressif de la saison chaude sur le poids corporel et l’efficacité alimentaire a été moins marqué pour le type "Label", qui a présenté par ailleurs une très faible mortalité aux deux saisons. D’autre part, un croisement expérimental de type "pondeuse à oeufs bruns" réunissant les gènes "nanisme lié au sexe" (dw) et "Cou nu" (Na) a été testé pour des performances de production d’oeufs dans des conditions d’élevage courantes au Maroc, en même temps qu’un croisement "ponte" commercial , également de type "oeuf brun" (ISA-Brown). La persistance de ponte et le poids moyen des oeufs du croisement expérimental ont été inférieurs à ceux du croisement commercial. Par contre, le poids corporel et la consommation alimentaire plus faibles du croisement expérimental ont contribué à réduire le désavantage de ce type génétique pour l’efficacité alimentaire. Le taux de ponte a été légèrement favorable au croisement "naines Cou nu" jusqu’à l’âge de 35 semaines, probablement du fait d’une bonne thermotolérance associée aux gènes dw et Na. Les données suggèrent une moindre mortalité pour ce même croisement après l’âge de 40 semaines.
Les outils mis en place pour identifier et garantir la qualité des produits agro-alimentaires. Exemple de leur utilisation dans la filière lait-fromage des Alpes du Nord
Authors: DUBEUF B.
Published: July 2020

En France, de nombreux outils sont mis en place pour promouvoir la qualité des produits, comme les Appellations et les Labels, et pour la garantir auprès des consommateurs, comme la Certification de conformité. Des procédures équivalentes sont proposées en vue du marché unique européen. La stratégie visant à organiser à la fois la dénomination et la défense des produits d’une part, la garantie de la qualité d’autre part reposent principalement sur la normalisation et les systèmes d’Assurance-qualité. Il est nécessaire d’adapter ces procédures au cas des produits de terroir et de leurs filières, souvent semi-artisanales.
L’étude du travail en exploitation d’élevage : proposition de méthode et premiers résultats sur les systèmes mixtes vaches laitières et brebis en Margeride
Authors: DEDIEU B. , SERVIERE G. , JESTIN C.
Published: July 2020

Les exploitations associant vaches laitières et brebis viande en Margeride (Massif Central) sont considérées comme très contraignantes en travail. La méthode utilisée pour décrire le travail consiste à identifier, à partir d’entretiens : 1) les différentes catégories de main-d’oeuvre intervenant sur l’exploitation (cellule de base : travailleurs permanents sauf retraités ; bénévoles : retraités, participants ponctuels ; entraide ; salariat temporaire), 2) les temps consacrés à trois grands groupes de travaux (d’astreinte : soins quotidiens aux troupeaux ; de saison : cultures et entretien des parcelles, récoltes, manipulations périodiques des troupeaux ; rendu : contrepartie de l’entraide reçue), 3) le temps restant disponible à la cellule de base pour effectuer d’autres tâches nécessaires au fonctionnement de l’exploitation et disposer de temps libre. Dans les douze exploitations étudiées, les temps de travaux d’astreinte et de saison apparaissent très importants en moyenne, et sont surtout très variables (de 1 à 3). Le temps disponible calculé par personne de la cellule de base varie de 1 à 10. Des éléments d’analyse des écarts observés sont présentés : pratique du gardiennage, objectifs techniques ambitieux mal adaptés aux bâtiments vétustes, moindre recherche d’efficacité du travail dans les cas où la main-d’oeuvre permanente est pléthorique, importance de la contribution du bénévolat.
Variabilite génétique de la digestibilité du maïs ensilage mesurée sur des moutons standards
Authors: BARRIÈRE Y. , ÉMILE J.C. , TRAINEAU R. , HÉBERT Y.
Published: July 2020

918 mesures de digestibilité d’ensilages de maïs par des moutons standards, qui portaient sur 175 génotypes, ont été récapitulées après des expérimentations réalisées entre 1969 et 1990 à l’INRA de Lusignan. Les analyses de variance montrent que les effets liés au génotype sont toujours très significatifs, même en prenant en compte la précocité des hybrides et en excluant le matériel brown-midrib. Le CUD moyen de la matière organique mesuré (70,8 %) et les valeurs énergétiques moyennes qui en sont déduites (0,90 UFL et 0,84 UFV) confirment les valeurs données par les tables, mais ces mesures montrent aussi que des différences importantes existent entre génotypes. L’effet du groupe de précocité du matériel génétique est net, les hybrides tardifs ayant une digestibilité de 2,5 points inférieure et une valeur UFL moyenne plus faible de 0,05 UF. Entre hybrides précoces inscrits, les différences sont couramment voisines de 4 points pour le CUD de la matière organique, soit 0,07 UF et peuvent atteindre 8 points, soit 0,15 UF. La valeur énergétique des ensilages n’est pas liée à leur teneur en grain, des ensilages à 0,90 UFL ayant ainsi des teneurs en grain comprises entre 20 et 60 %, et réciproquement des ensilages à 48% de grains ayant des valeurs UFL comprises entre 0,78 et 1,05. Les corrélations entre productivité et digestibilités ou valeur énergétique sont faibles. Les différences de digestibilité peuvent en partie être reliées aux efforts de sélection pour l’amélioration de la résistance mécanique des plantes à la verse et à la casse. L’intégration d’un critère de sélection prédictif de la digestibilité devrait permettre de maîtriser cette dérive en choisissant les génotypes réalisant un bon compromis entre résistance à la verse et valeur énergétique.
La relation Homme-Animal. Conséquences et possibilités d’amélioration
Authors: BOUISSOU M.F.
Published: July 2020

La qualité de la relation Homme-Animal et le comportement de l’éleveur sont des facteurs importants à prendre en compte dans les différents systèmes de production, car ils ont un impact sur la productivité, la santé et le bien-être des animaux. Une mauvaise qualité de la relation Homme-Animal se traduit en particulier par des réactions de peur des animaux. Différentes méthodes ont été proposées pour évaluer ces réactions en présence d’un humain ; elles reposent sur des critères comportementaux (distance de fuite, latence d’approche, temps passé à proximité, réaction à la contention, etc...) et physiologiques (fréquence cardiaque, cortisolémie). La qualité de la relation Homme-Animal est influencée par les conditions d’élevage, d’entretien, la personnalité et l’attitude de l’éleveur, l’expérience de l’animal, la nature des contacts antérieurs et enfin par le patrimoine génétique. Elle a pour conséquence des réactions de stress qui, à leur tour, entraînent des baisses de performances dans des domaines divers (production, reproduction). Il est possible d’améliorer la relation Homme-Animal en modifiant l’attitude de l’éleveur, par des techniques d’habituation, d’apprentissage, par l’établissement de liens privilégiés grâce à des manipulations neutres ou plaisantes à des périodes particulières de la vie de l’animal.
La cryptosporidiose. Importance de la contamination de l’eau
Authors: NACIRI M.
Published: July 2020

Cryptosporidium, protozoaire parasite décrit en 1907 par Tyzzer, fut longtemps considéré comme un organisme commensal, rare et spécifique d’hôte. Après 1981, tous les auteurs s’accordèrent à penser que l’espèce C. parvum était commune à tous les mammifères, y compris l’homme, causant des diarrhées néonatales chez les ruminants, des diarrhées à guérison spontanée chez l’homme immunocompétent et des diarrhées cholériformes incurables chez l’homme immunodéficient. La cryptosporidiose était alors considérée comme une zoonose, l’homme s’infectant au contact des animaux malades ou au contact d’animaux de compagnie porteurs sains. Cependant, la cryptosporidiose peut se transmettre directement d’homme à homme comme le démontrent certaines épidémies dans des hôpitaux ou dans des centres aérés, ou indirectement par l’eau de boisson et les aliments souillés. Des recherches effectuées après plusieurs épidémies en Amérique du Nord et au Royaume Uni ont montré que toutes les eaux de surface (lacs, rivières...) sont contaminées par des cryptosporidies. Cette pollution serait principalement due à l’agriculture et à la faune sauvage. Les eaux d’égouts de populations infectées sont aussi source de contamination. Les procédés de traitement des eaux usées, filtration et désinfection, ne sont pas totalement efficaces pour éliminer complètement Cryptosporidium et des oocystes sont retrouvés dans l’eau de boisson. Depuis 1985, les recherches s’intensifient pour mettre au point des techniques fiables afin de déceler la présence des oocystes dans l’eau de boisson, de les identifier et de les inactiver.
Complémentation énergétique de rations à base de foin pour les vaches laitières
Authors: HAUWUY A. , PARADIS J. , COULON J.B.
Published: July 2020

Quarante-huit vaches laitières de race Abondance ont été utilisées au cours d’un essai conduit 2 années consécutives. Au cours de l’hiver tous les animaux recevaient à volonté une ration à base de foin de prairie permanente des Alpes du Nord. Chaque année, au cours des 16 premières semaines de lactation hivernale, 2 lots ont été constitués : les vaches du lot Haut étaient complémentées selon les recommandations, tandis que celles du lot Bas recevaient 2 kg/j de concentré de moins. La composition de l’aliment concentré était ajustée de manière à ce que les apports azotés soient identiques dans les 2 lots. Les vaches du lot Bas n’ont produit que 0,5 kg/j de lait de moins que celles du lot Haut, en raison d’un mobilisation de leurs réserves corporelles supérieure, mais leur taux protéique a été significativement plus faible (- 1 g/kg). La valeur d’encombrement des foins utilisés a été faible (comprise entre 1 et 1,05 UEL/kg MS), inférieure à celle attendue pour ce type de fourrage.
Aliments concentrés pour ruminants : dégradabilité in situ de l’azote dans le rumen
Authors: MICHALET-DOREAU B.
Published: July 2020

La dégradabilité in situ de l’azote dans le rumen a été mesurée sur 125 échantillons correspondant à 34 matières premières différentes. Pour une céréale donnée, les variations de dégradabilité du grain sont faibles, mais la dégradabilité des sousproduits (son de blé et farine basse de riz) est beaucoup plus variable et dépend du process technologique. La chaleur entraîne toujours une diminution significative de la dégradabilité quelle que soit la matière première ou le process technologique considérés : extrusion des graines protéagineuses et oléoprotéagineuses, augmentation de la température de cuisson de la graine de colza, augmentation de la température de déshydratation de la luzerne, mais l’importance de la diminution varie avec la nature de l’aliment et les modalités du traitement. La précision de la mesure de dégradabilité in situ est en moyenne de 2,9 points, mais elle varie dans des proportions importantes avec la matière première, de 1 point pour le pois à 5 points pour l’orge.
PERSEPSI PETANI TERHADAP VARIETAS UNGGUL BARU INPARI 30 DAN 33 DI DESA TANJUNGSARI KECAMATAN BANYUDONO KABUPATEN BOYOLALI
Authors: Ningtyas Denissa Ayu , Suwarto Suwarto , Wijianto Arip
Published: July 2020

This research aimed to analyze the farmers’ perception, to analyze the factors  composing  the  farmers’  perception,  to  analyze  the  relationship  between factors composing perception and the farmers’ perception on new superior cultivars of Inpari 30 and 33, and to analyze the difference of perception between the farmers using Inpari 30 and 33 new superior cultivars and those not using them. The fundamental research method employed was a descriptive qualitative with survey technique. The research location was determined purposively. The sample was taken using  Quota  Random  Sampling,  consisting  of  60  respondents.  Data  analysis  was carried out using Spearman’s rank and Mann Whitney’s U analyses. The result of research showed that there was a very significant relationship between non-formal education and farmers’ perception on Inpari 30 and 33 new superior cultivars, at significance level of 99%. Meanwhile, age, formal education, length of time becoming farmers, land width, and land ownership factors were not correlated significantly. There was a difference of perception between the farmers and those using Inpari 30 and 33 new superior cultivars.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI SIKAP PETANI TERHADAP PROGRAM UPSUS PAJALE DI DISTRIK SUKOHARJO
Authors: Ayu A Pradite Nimas , Suminah Suminah , Wijianto Arip
Published: July 2020

This study aims to study farmer attitude in UPSUS PAJALE program in Sukoharjo regency, to examine the factors that influence farmers attitudes in UPSUS PAJALE program in Sukoharjo regency, to examine the influence of factors influencing farmer attitude on UPSUS PAJALE program in Sukoharjo regency. The basic method of research  is  quantitative  by  survey  technique.  The  location  of  the  research  is determined purposively in Sukoharjo District, precisely in the outboard village and Sraten (Gatak), Duwet and Menuran (Baki), and Klumprit and Sapen (Mojolaban) villages with the consideration of production in 2015 showing the highest production (Gatak) medium (Tray), and low production (Mojolaban). The sampling method used is proportional random sampling, with a sample size of 80 farmers. The data obtained through interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis using multiple linear regression. The result of research shows that the factors that influence attitude are non-formal education category is very high at 76.25%, the influence of other people who are considered high category importance is 57,50%, high category mass media equal to 52,50%, very category experience high of 78.75%, and the economic environment with katogori of 87.50%. There is a significant influence between non- formal education, the influence of others who are considered important, experience, mass media at the level of 95% confidence and there is no significant influence between the economic environment on farmers attitude on UPSUS PAJALE program.
PEMBERDAYAAN PETANI DALAM MENERAPKAN PROGRAM SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION (SRI) BERBASIS KEGIATAN KELOMPOK
Authors: Khoriri Syaifurrizal , Subekti Sri , Agustina Titin
Published: July 2020

System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is one of the agricultural technology obtained from the extension program in improving the ability of farmers' cropping pattern on their farming. The purpose of this research is (1) to identify the empowerment of the SRI farmers and (2)to identify farmer group strategies in empowering   farmers   through   the   SRI   program.   The   method   used   descriptive qualitative. The research area was done intentionally in barokah farmer group Rowotengah Village Sumberbaru District Jember Regency. The key informant were usingleader of farmer group with Agricultural Extension Farmer and the secondary informant were member of farmer group. The data was collected by using interviews, observation and documentation. The result of the research concluded that: (1) the ability of farmers in implementing SRI’s program conducted by (a) farmer of SRI program were based on farmers' choice due to production facilities support, see the success of the initial farmer, self-test results and the opportunities of barokah farmer group as the program recepient because of the potential land, irigation and the dynamics of farmers group, (b) farmers' ability to access farming needs in increasing production by transplanting of young seedling, transplanting of single seedling, wide plant spacing and compost application, (c) farmers' ability to complain in the case of snail attack and the rapid growth of grass, (d) farmers' ability to reach SRI's planting technology through farmer group functions, (e) improvement of farmer resource capability, and (f) farmers' ability to optimize the production facilities in increasing crop production and income. (2) The group's strategy of empowering farmers is done by a) motivating of rice planter by doubling wages, b) giving of materials and training on the land, c) group management on program planning, implementation and evaluation, d) mobilizing farmers to use hybrid seed, and e) improvement of farming using SRI planting equipment.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PETANI DALAM ADOPSI INOVASI KALENDER TANAM TERPADU DI KECAMATAN GEDANGSARI KABUPATEN GUNUNG KIDUL
Authors: Akbar Muhammad Iqbal , Suminah Suminah , Wibowo Agung
Published: July 2020

Climate change is a natural phenomenon that has occurred at all levels of the continent or country, as well as specific location at sub-district level in relatively small area. Various weather and climate information services such as data afforded by government institutes, research institutes, and universities are far from the reach of farmers.  This  research  aims  to:  study  the  influence  of  socio-economic  factors, attitudes, access to communication media, needs and characteristics / nature of simultaneous or partial innovation toward farmers’ decision in Integrated Katam innovation.   The location of the study was deliberately determined in Tegalrejo and Watugajah because the village received the Integrated Katam program in Gedang Sari Sub-district,   Gunung   Kidul.   The   sampling   method   was   done   randomly   using proportional random sampling with 50 people. Multiple linear regression is used as the data analysis. The results showed that: (1) characteristics of respondent farmers in socioeconomic factors were classified as moderate, attitudes wre classified as neutral, access of communication media were infrequently utilized, social needs level and characteristic  /  nature  of  innovation  were  quite  appropriate;  (2)  socio-economic factors, attitudes, needs, access to communication media and characteristics / nature of innovation simultaneously have significant effects on the adopted decision of Integrated Katam innovation; (3) socioe-conomic factors, attitudes, needs and characteristics / nature of innovation have significant effects on decision to adopt innovation Integrated Katam partially while communication media access was not significant; (4) Decision making adoption of Integrated Katam innovation in Gedang Sari was moderate
SIKAP MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PROGRAM PENINGKATAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN PERTANIAN PERKOTAAN (URBAN FARMING) DI KECAMATAN JEBRES KOTA SURAKARTA
Authors: Prasetyo Danik Ayu , Lestari Eny , Utami Bekti Wahyu
Published: July 2020

This study aims to analyze people's attitudes towards the urban farming program, identifying factors that shape people's attitudes towards urban farming programs, analyzing the relationship between attitude-forming factors and people's attitudes towards urban farming programs. This study uses quantitativemethods with descriptive analysis and survey techniques. The location of the study was carriedout in Jebres Subdistrict.The study sample was 70 people taken by proportional random sampling.The data sources used in this study are primary and secondary. The data analysis that used is Rank Kendall. The results showed that:(1) the factors forming the attitude are characteristics of individuals (age majority at age 15-64 years/ the productive age category, majority high school education), personal experience in the medium category, family influence in the high category, reference group in the sufficient category, exposure to mass media in the medium category, and culture in the high category.(2)  People's attitude towards the program objectives in the agreed category, the implementation of the program in the neutral category and the program results in the agreed category. (3) There is a significant relationship between personal experience, reference groups, exposure to mass media and culture to urban farming programs. While individual characteristics and family influences have no significant relationship with people's attitudes toward urban farming programs.

 
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PARTISIPASI PETANI DALAM KEGIATAN UNIT PENGOLAH PUPUK ORGANIK (UPPO) DI KABUPATEN KARANGANYAR
Authors: Novianti Oky Dea , Padmaningrum Dwiningtyas , Wibowo Agung
Published: July 2020

:  Farmers’ participation  shows  farmers’ involvement  and  partnership  in  agriculturewhich  include activities of planning, implementing, and utilizing the results of a development program done by local communities. Objectivesof this research were analysing: (1) farmers’ participation in program of Organic Fertilizer Processor Unit or Unit Pengolah Pupuk Organik (UPPO); (2) age, individual’s experience, non-formal education, information access, and farmers’ risk taking in UPPO; and (3) correlation between age, individual’s experience, non-formal education, information access, and farmers’risk taking with participation in UPPO. Basic method of the research was quantitative method with survey technique. Area determination was intentionally decided, the areas that ran UPPO in six villages from five sub-districts, consisting of Pereng and Pendem Villages (Mojogedang Sub-district); Seloromo Village (Jenawi Sub-district), Ngeblak Village (Tawangmangu Sub-district); Kerjo Village (Kerjo Sub- district); Ngadiluwih Village (Matesih Sub-district) in Karanganyar Regency. The sampling technique used proportional random sampling that involved sixty respondents. The analysis data used correlation test of Rank Spearman (r ) with program of IBM SPSS 22.0.  The research result showed that: (1) farmers’ participation in UPPO were included as high category. (2) age included as productive category, individual’s experience included as high category, non-formal education as high category, information access in low category, risk taking included as prepared category. (3) there was significant correlation between individual’s experience, information access, and taking farmers’ risk with farmers’ participation in UPPO, however there was not significant correlation between farmers’age and non-formal education with farmers’participation in UPPO.
Akuntabilitas Keuangan Daerah Ditinjau dari Pengendalian Intern dan Kompetensi Aparatur serta Dampaknya terhadap Akuntabilitas Kinerja Instansi Pemerintah
Authors: Faturahman F
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of internal control and government employee competencies on regional financial accountability, and its impact on the accountability of the performance of government agencies in the city of Jambi. The type of data used is primary and secondary data. Population and sample are all government units (SKPD) in Jambi City which have government performance accountability report (LAKIP) value. Data were analyzed using path analysis. The results showed that Internal Control and Government Employee Competence significantly influence Regional Financial Accountability. Furthermore, Internal Control has a greater indirect effect when compared to the direct effect on the Accountability of Government Units Performance. While Employee Competence has a greater direct effect when compared to the indirect effect on the Accountability of Government Institution Performance.