bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of light pollution on Bluegill foraging behavior
Authors: Harrison Susanna E. , Gray Suzanne M.
Published: October 2023

Objective

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is one of the most pervasive and rapidly expanding sources of anthropogenic pollution. Aquatic ecosystems may be especially vulnerable to the effects of ALAN due to their disproportionate exposure to anthropogenic pressures. However, research on mechanisms of response to ALAN by aquatic species remains sparse. Our research investigated the extent to which ALAN influences the nocturnal feeding efficiency of Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus.

Methods

Using an array of outdoor mesocosm tanks, we assigned juvenile Bluegill to five nighttime lighting treatments (control dark, 1 lx, 4 lx, 12 lx, and intermittent 12 lx). We conducted weekly nighttime feeding trials for 6 weeks to assess four prey capture variables, including capture efficiency (the effectiveness of prey strikes), capture rate (the number of prey items captured), strike rate (the frequency of prey strikes), and latency (time elapsed before the first prey strike).

Result

The steady lighting treatments, which were selected based on nighttime urban light intensities we previously measured in the field, had no apparent effect on any of the prey capture variables. However, flashing high-intensity lights (intended to mimic the effect of passing car headlights on a busy highway) had a significant negative effect on capture rate and strike rate, thereby inhibiting the ability of fish to strike at and capture prey.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate the potential for light pollution (especially flashing or intermittent lights) to interfere with the foraging behavior of this ecologically and economically important sportfish.
TEAD4 antagonizes cellular senescence by remodeling chromatin accessibility at enhancer regions
Authors: Zhang Donghui , Zhu Yanmei , Ju Yanmin , Zhang Hongyong , Zou Xiaopeng , She Shangrong , Zhu Danping , Guan Yiting
Published: October 2023

Dramatic alterations in epigenetic landscapes are known to impact genome accessibility and transcription. Extensive evidence demonstrates that senescent cells undergo significant changes in chromatin structure; however, the mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between epigenetic parameters and gene expression profiles have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we delineate the genome-wide redistribution of accessible chromatin regions that lead to broad transcriptome effects during senescence. We report that distinct senescence-activated accessibility regions (SAAs) are always distributed in H3K27ac-occupied enhancer regions, where they are responsible for elevated flanking senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) expression and aberrant cellular signaling relevant to SASP secretion. Mechanistically, a single transcription factor, TEAD4, moves away from H3K27ac-labled SAAs to allow for prominent chromatin accessibility reconstruction during senescence. The enhanced SAAs signal driven by TEAD4 suppression subsequently induces a robust increase in the expression of adjacent SASP genes and the secretion of downstream factors, which contribute to the progression of senescence. Our findings illustrate a dynamic landscape of chromatin accessibility following senescence entry, and further reveal an insightful function for TEAD4 in regulating the broad chromatin state that modulates the overall transcriptional program of SASP genes.
Genesis of Devonian volcanic-associated Lahn-Dill-type iron ores — part I: iron mobilisation and mineralisation style
Authors: Schmitt Leanne , Kirnbauer Thomas , Angerer Thomas , Volkmann Rebecca , Roddatis Vladimir , Wirth Richard , Klein Sabine
Published: October 2023

Fe-oxide deposits of the Lahn-Dill-type in the eastern Rhenish Massif comprise haematite and quartz with minor siderite, magnetite, and calcite. The deposits are located in the hanging wall of thick volcaniclastic rock sequences and mark the Middle to Late Devonian boundary. Varying ore types with accompanying footwall rocks were sampled from two formerly important ore deposits, the Fortuna mine (Lahn syncline) and the Briloner Eisenberg mine (East Sauerland anticline), in order to elucidate the interplay of processes leading to ore formation. Deposit geology, petrography, and whole-rock geochemistry suggest that the ores formed by iron mobilisation from deeply altered footwall volcaniclastic rocks, subsequent venting of a modified H2O-CO2-Fe-rich and H2S-poor fluid, and precipitation on the seafloor (sedimentary-type), or locally by metasomatic replacement of wall rocks (replacement-type). Petrographic analysis to the sub-micron scale revealed that the sedimentary-type ores most likely formed from a Fe-Si-rich gel and accompanying maturation. Early gel textures include the presence of spherules, aggregates, tubes, and filamentous stalks consisting of nanocrystalline haematite dispersed in a matrix of microcrystalline quartz. Local diagenetic Fe3+ reduction within the gel is indicated by siderite replacement of haematite. Replacement-type ores formed due to a two-step process including coprecipitation of (precursor) haematite and carbonates and subsequent metasomatic replacement by haematite. These ore-forming processes took place during a time when several restricted shallow marine basins in the north-eastern Rheic Ocean were influenced by extensive volcanism and associated hydrothermal fluid flux. Examples of similar volcanic-associated Fe-oxide occurrences of Silurian to Carboniferous age can be categorised as being of Lahn-Dill-type ores as well.
The machinability of titanium alloy thin-wall parts in cooling minimum quantity lubrication (CMQL) environments
Authors: Wu Ge , Mao Xuanyu , Pan Wencheng , Li Guangxian , Ding Songlin
Published: October 2023

The machining of thin-wall components made of titanium alloys is challenging because the poor machinability of the material leads to severe problems such as accelerated tool wear and poor surface quality, while the weak rigidity of the thin-wall structure results in unavoidable vibration and surface form errors. To address these issues, this paper investigated the mechanisms and performance of cooling minimum quantity lubrication (CMQL) in milling titanium thin-wall parts. To verify the efficiency of CMQL, different cooling/lubrication strategies, including conventional flood cooling, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and CMQL with different temperature levels, were investigated. The cutting force, tool wear state, chip formation, surface integrity, and surface form errors were compared and analysed in detail. The experiment results show that MQL is inadequate at higher spindle speeds due to its ineffective cooling capacity and weakened lubrication ability. In contrast, CMQL has demonstrated its feasibility and superiority in milling titanium thin-wall parts under all conditions. The outcomes indicate that a lower temperature level of CMQL is advantageous to producing better wear resistance and lower thermomechanical loads, and the CMQL (− 15 ºC) machining environment can remarkably improve the overall machining performance and control the surface form errors of the machined thin-wall parts. At the spindle speed of 3000 rpm, the surface roughness measured under CMQL (− 15 °C) condition is reduced by 16.53% and 23.46%, the deflection value is decreased by 54.74% and 36.99%, while the maximum thickness error is about 53.51% and 20.56% smaller in comparison to flood cooling and MQL machining. In addition, CMQL is an economical and sustainable cooling/lubrication strategy; the outcomes of this work can provide the industry with useful guidance for high-quality machining of thin-wall components.
A human-cyber-physical system for Operator 5.0 smart risk assessment
Authors: Simeone Alessandro , Grant Rebecca , Ye Weilin , Caggiano Alessandra
Published: October 2023

In the context of Industry 5.0, characterized by the human-centred transformation of manufacturing processes, assessing operator risk is crucial for ensuring workplace safety and well-being. In this respect, this paper presents the development of a human-cyber-physical system (HCPS) capable of estimating operator risk by leveraging diverse sensing data. By comprehensively analysing complex patterns and interactions among physiological, environmental, and manufacturing variables, the HCPS offers an advanced approach to operator risk assessment. Through the integration of cutting-edge sensing technologies, real-time data collection, and sophisticated analytics paradigms, the HCPS accurately identifies meaningful patterns and anomalies. It dynamically adapts to changing manufacturing conditions, generating risk profiles for operators and work processes. Timely alerts and notifications enable proactive interventions, enhancing safety measures and optimizing work processes. The HCPS empowers decision-making and supporting the well-being and productivity of operators in the Industry 5.0 paradigm, while maintaining a safe working environment. A simulated case study is reported to validate the proposed framework on a variety of industrial scenarios.
New upper bounds for spherical codes and packings
Authors: Sardari Naser Talebizadeh , Zargar Masoud
Published: October 2023

We improve the previously best known upper bounds on the sizes of $$\theta $$
θ
-spherical codes for every $$\theta <\theta ^*\approx 62.997^{\circ }$$

θ
<

θ
∗

≈
62
.

997
∘

at least by a factor of 0.4325, in sufficiently high dimensions. Furthermore, for sphere packing densities in dimensions $$n\ge 2000$$

n
≥
2000

we have an improvement at least by a factor of $$0.4325+\frac{51}{n}$$

0.4325
+

51
n

. Our method also breaks many non-numerical sphere packing density bounds in smaller dimensions. This is the first such improvement for each dimension since the work of Kabatyanskii and Levenshtein (Problemy Peredači Informacii 14(1):3–25, 1978) and its later improvement by Levenshtein (Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR 245(6):1299–1303, 1979) . Novelties of this paper include the analysis of triple correlations, usage of the concentration of mass in high dimensions, and the study of the spacings between the roots of Jacobi polynomials.
Channel Divergences and Complexity in Algebraic QFT
Authors: Hollands Stefan , Ranallo Alessio
Published: October 2023

We consider a notion of divergence between quantum channels in relativistic continuum quantum field theory (QFT) that is derived from the Belavkin–Staszewski relative entropy and the concept of bimodules for general von Neumann algebras. Key concepts of the divergence that we shall prove based on a new variational formulation of that relative entropy are the subadditivity under composition and additivity under the tensor product between channels. Based on these properties, we propose to use the channel divergence relative to the trivial (identity-) channel as a novel measure of complexity. Using the properties of our channel divergence, we prove in the prerequisite generality necessary for the algebras in QFT that the corresponding complexity has several reasonable properties: (i) the complexity of a composite channel is not larger than the sum of its parts, (ii) it is additive for channels localized in spacelike separated regions, (iii) it is convex, (iv) for an N-ary measurement channel it is $$\log N$$

log
N

, (v) for a conditional expectation associated with an inclusion of QFTs with finite Jones index it is given by $$\log (\text {Jones Index})$$

log
(
Jones Index
)

.
Examining the giant barrel sponge species complex: molecular and microbial differentiation of Xestospongia testudinaria in Singapore
Authors: Deignan Lindsey K. , Dansson Raiyan , Loh Aaron An Rong , Pwa Keay Hoon
Published: October 2023

The giant barrel sponges (Xestospongia spp.) belong to a pan-global species complex with evidence suggesting they could encompass up to 9 cryptic species. In this study, we leveraged molecular and microbial techniques to investigate giant barrel sponges (X. testudinaria) from Singapore in relation to their placement within this species complex. Twenty-four giant barrel sponges from three sites were sequenced with mitochondrial (CO1) and nuclear (ATP6) DNA markers, identifying 6 distinct haplotypes belonging to 4 of the proposed barrel sponge species. Analysis of the X. testudinaria microbiomes was achieved with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The microbiome composition of X. testudinaria did not differ by reef site, deviating from a pattern frequently observed in coral microbiomes across Singapore. However, there was significant differentiation in microbiome composition by host genetics consistent with the proposed species boundaries. General linear models identified 85 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) as highly significant (P < 0.01) in differentiating among the four Species Groups, consisting of 12 Archaea and 73 Bacteria, with the largest representation from phylum Chloroflexi. We also identified 52 core ASVs present in all sponges representing 33.0% of the total sequence reads. Our results support previous findings of microbiome differentiation in co-occurring genetic haplotypes of barrel sponges from the Caribbean. Together these studies underline the potential for ecological partitioning based on genetic haplotype that could contribute to cryptic speciation within the giant barrel sponge species complex.
Immunogenetics, sylvatic plague and its vectors: insights from the pathogen reservoir Mastomys natalensis in Tanzania
Authors: Haikukutu Lavinia , Lyaku Japhet R. , Lyimo Charles M. , Eiseb Seth J. , Makundi Rhodes H. , Olayemi Ayodeji , Wilhelm Kerstin , Müller-Klein Nadine , Schmid Dominik W. , Fleischer Ramona , Sommer Simone
Published: October 2023

Yersinia pestis is a historically important vector-borne pathogen causing plague in humans and other mammals. Contemporary zoonotic infections with Y. pestis still occur in sub-Saharan Africa, including Tanzania and Madagascar, but receive relatively little attention. Thus, the role of wildlife reservoirs in maintaining sylvatic plague and spillover risks to humans is largely unknown. The multimammate rodent Mastomys natalensis is the most abundant and widespread rodent in peri-domestic areas in Tanzania, where it plays a major role as a Y. pestis reservoir in endemic foci. Yet, how M. natalensis’ immunogenetics contributes to the maintenance of plague has not been investigated to date. Here, we surveyed wild M. natalensis for Y. pestis vectors, i.e., fleas, and tested for the presence of antibodies against Y. pestis using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in areas known to be endemic or without previous records of Y. pestis in Tanzania. We characterized the allelic and functional (i.e., supertype) diversity of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC class II) of M. natalensis and investigated links to Y. pestis vectors and infections. We detected antibodies against Y. pestis in rodents inhabiting both endemic areas and areas considered non-endemic. Of the 111 nucleotide MHC alleles, only DRB*016 was associated with an increased infestation with the flea Xenopsylla. Surprisingly, we found no link between MHC alleles or supertypes and antibodies of Y. pestis. Our findings hint, however, at local adaptations towards Y. pestis vectors, an observation that more exhaustive sampling could unwind in the future.
The optimal fluoroscopic views to rule out intra-articular screw penetration during acetabular fracture fixation
Authors: Elmhiregh Aissam , Hantouly Ashraf T. , Alzoubi Osama , George Bivin , Ahmadi Mohsen , Ahmed Ghalib
Published: October 2023

Purpose

To determine the ideal view(s) and the minimum number of intraoperative fluoroscopic views required to rule out any intra-articular screw violation in acetabular fractures fixation.

Methods

This study was conducted using a series of fluoroscopic examinations of pelvic synthetic models with screws positioned in different planes around the acetabulum. Ten screws were placed in the synthetic pelvis models in different planes of the acetabulum. Seven views were taken for each screw. Radiographic images were evaluated by 14 orthopaedic surgeons who were asked to assess joint violation and the view(s) required for assessment.

Results

The observers’ accuracy rate in identifying joint violation was 82.1% for the anterior part of the anterior column and the superior part of the posterior column, 89.3% for the posterior part of the anterior column and the inferior part of the posterior column, and 92.9% for the quadrilateral plate. The sensitivity was 100% for the anterior and posterior parts of the anterior column and the inferior part of the posterior column, 87.5% for the superior part of the posterior column, and 85.7% for the quadrilateral plate. The specificity was 100% for the quadrilateral plate, 80% for the superior part of the posterior column and the posterior part of the anterior column, 78.6% for the inferior part of the posterior column, and 66.7% for the anterior part of the anterior column. There was a strong overall interobserver and intra-observer agreement with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.709 and 0.86, respectively.

Conclusions

This study confirms the hypothesis that in a concave surface/joint fixation, such as the acetabulum, the probability of joint violation is unlikely if there is no evidence of it within a single fluoroscopic view. In acetabulum fracture fixation with a screw violating the joint, the screw’s presence was evident within the joint space in all fluoroscopic views. However, the absence of joint violation in one fluoroscopic view was adequate to rule out joint penetration.
Control of high-speed jumps in muscle and spring actuated systems: a comparative study of take-off energetics in bush-crickets (Mecopoda elongata) and locusts (Schistocerca gregaria)
Authors: Goode Chloe K. , Woodrow Charlie , Harrison Shannon L. , Deeming D. Charles , Sutton Gregory P.
Published: October 2023

The Orthoptera are a diverse insect order well known for their locomotive capabilities. To jump, the bush-cricket uses a muscle actuated (MA) system in which leg extension is actuated by contraction of the femoral muscles of the hind legs. In comparison, the locust uses a latch mediated spring actuated (LaMSA) system, in which leg extension is actuated by the recoil of spring-like structure in the femur. The aim of this study was to describe the jumping kinematics of Mecopoda elongata (Tettigoniidae) and compare this to existing data in Schistocerca gregaria (Acrididae), to determine differences in control of rotation during take-off between similarly sized MA and LaMSA jumpers. 269 jumps from 67 individuals of M. elongata with masses from 0.014 g to 3.01 g were recorded with a high-speed camera setup. In M. elongata, linear velocity increased with mass0.18 and the angular velocity (pitch) decreased with mass−0.13. In S. gregaria, linear velocity is constant and angular velocity decreases with mass−0.24. Despite these differences in velocity scaling, the ratio of translational kinetic energy to rotational kinetic energy was similar for both species. On average, the energy distribution of M. elongata was distributed 98.8% to translational kinetic energy and 1.2% to rotational kinetic energy, whilst in S. gregaria it is 98.7% and 1.3%, respectively. This energy distribution was independent of size for both species. Despite having two different jump actuation mechanisms, the ratio of translational and rotational kinetic energy formed during take-off is fixed across these distantly related orthopterans.
Tracing fluid infiltration into oceanic crust up to ultra-high-pressure conditions
Authors: Rubatto Daniela , Williams Morgan , Markmann Thorsten Andreas , Hermann Jörg , Lanari Pierre
Published: October 2023

Fluid–rock interaction within the altered oceanic crust and across the slab–mantle boundary during subduction facilitates element transfer, but the dynamics of fluid transport and fluid–rock exchange during upward fluid migration are still unclear. A study of metamorphic fluid–rock interaction within a section of subducted oceanic crust was carried out on eclogites and metasediments of the ultra-high-pressure Lago di Cignana Unit (NW Italian Alps). The P–T modeling of a quartzschist shows that garnet grew during the prograde and sporadically during the retrograde path and that phengite mainly records the peak to retrograde conditions. Microscale geochemical analysis of garnets has revealed a systematic evolution of oxygen isotopic composition with garnet major element zonation, with extreme within-sample core–rim variations in δ18O between 18 and 4‰ providing evidence for external fluid influx. Garnet in eclogites and calcschists, as well as garnet cores in quartz-rich lithologies, shows normal compositional zoning, as expected for prograde garnet growth, and a relatively constant oxygen isotopic composition. The outer garnet growth zones within a few metasediments show reverse or discontinuous zoning and progressively lower δ18O. Despite major element zoning, the isotopic composition of mica is homogeneous across chemical zoning in one eclogite and one quartzschist, but shows 6‰ variability in another quartzschist. In the underlying Zermatt–Saas serpentinites, antigorite from nine serpentinite samples shows some variation in δ18O, with average δ18O values for individual samples ranging from 1 to 6‰. These results provide evidence for two main stages of external fluid infiltration: (i) fluids from the dehydration of mafic lithologies entered the sequence at peak conditions around 3 GPa, as indicated by the oxygen composition of intermediate zones of mica and garnet, and (ii) low δ18O fluids from serpentinites infiltrated parts of the sedimentary package during exhumation prior to 1.5 GPa, as recorded by the 4‰ garnet outer rims. Samples recording external fluid infiltration are concentrated in the lower part of the sequence, indicating channelized fluid flow, suggesting focused fluid infiltration due to permeability contrasts between metasedimentary and eclogitic lithologies. Channelized fluid flow in the ultra-high-pressure metasediments of Lago di Cignana has not resulted in systematic decarbonation of the metasediments.
XEN®-45 implantation for refractory uveitic glaucoma
Authors: Evers Charlotte , Anton Alexandra , Böhringer Daniel , Kallee Sara , Keye Philip , Neß Thomas , Philippin Heiko , Reinhard Thomas , Lübke Jan
Published: October 2023

Purpose

To evaluate the efficacy of XEN®-45 gel stent ab interno implantation for medically uncontrolled uveitic glaucoma.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of 25 eyes receiving XEN® gel stent for medically uncontrolled uveitic glaucoma from February 2019 to February 2023 with recording of intraocular pressure (IOP) values, ocular hypotensive medication, requirement for revision or secondary surgery and complications. Prerequisites for XEN® implantation were a clear cornea, an open iridocorneal angle and an unscarred, mobile conjunctiva at the implantation site. Minimum follow-up required for inclusion was 3 months. The primary outcome measure was IOP compared to baseline. Complete and qualified success were defined as final IOP of ≤ 18 mmHg without or with topical antiglaucomatous treatment, respectively. Failure was defined as IOP > 18 mmHg on two consecutive visits, IOP reduction < 20%, persisting complications from hypotony and open conjunctival bleb revision. Further glaucoma surgical intervention was defined as complete failure.

Results

Mean preoperative IOP was 35.3 ± 10.9 mmHg on 2.9 ± 0.9 topical antiglaucomatous agents. 19 of 25 patients (76%) received additional oral acetazolamide. 19 eyes were pseudophakic, 5 eyes phakic and 1 aphakic.

Early postoperatively, mean IOP reduced to 7.7 ± 3.0 mmHg (75.8% reduction). At final follow-up (mean 17.7 months) mean IOP was 12.0 ± 3.8 mmHg (62.5% reduction) on 0.2 ± 0.6 medications.

Six eyes (24%) required bleb revision at mean 28 weeks and therefore were categorized as failure. One eye failed despite bleb revision and restart of topical ocular hypotensive medication. Three other eyes (12%) had IOP spikes with uveitis flare-ups. Transient hypotony complications occurred in 32%. At final follow-up, 18 eyes (72%) achieved complete success and one eye (4%) qualified success.

Conclusion

The XEN® gel stent effectively reduced IOP in uncontrolled uveitic glaucoma, with 72% complete success. Bleb revision was required in 24%. IOP spikes occurred in 12% despite functioning blebs. Further follow-up is needed to determine long-term outcomes.
The impact of food stimuli and fasting on cognitive control in task switching
Authors: Maydych Viktoria , Pöschel Hanna , Kübler Sebastian , Schubert Torsten
Published: October 2023

Previous research demonstrated motivation-control interactions in task switching. However, motivational effects on switch costs have been mostly examined using monetary rewards. Here, we investigated whether stimulus material linked to food and fasting affect control processes in task switching. We predicted that switching to the task comprising food stimuli would be facilitated, which should result in lower switch costs for this task, and that these effects would be stronger with higher motivational salience of the food stimuli, i.e. in hungry individuals and/or individuals with restrictive eating. Participants switched between categorising food items as sweet or savoury and digits as odd or even in two task-switching paradigms: an alternating runs and a voluntary task switching. Hunger was induced by 14 h fasting in the experimental compared to the control group. Results showed lower switch costs for the motivational-affective food task in both task-switching paradigms and in both groups. Switch costs for the neutral digit task were significantly higher in the fasting group compared to the control group in alternating runs task switching only. Individual differences in restrictive eating were related negatively but not significantly to the size of the switch costs. All in all, the results demonstrate an impact of motivational-affective stimuli on cognitive control in task switching and suggest a potential modulatory role of motivational states, though the findings need to be replicated.
Gesture production at encoding supports narrative recall
Authors: Sweller Naomi , Choi Alexander-Jaehyuk , Austin Elizabeth
Published: October 2023

Existing research is inconsistent regarding the effects of gesture production on narrative recall. Most studies have examined the effects of gesture production during a recall phase, not during encoding, and findings regarding gesture’s effects are mixed. The present study examined whether producing gestures at encoding could benefit an individual’s narrative recall and whether this effect is moderated by verbal memory and spatial ability. This study also investigated whether producing certain types of gesture is most beneficial to recalling details of a narrative. Participants read a narrative aloud while producing their own gestures at pre-specified phrases in the narrative (Instructed Gesture condition), while placing both their hands behind their backs (No Gesture condition) or with no specific instructions regarding gesture (Spontaneous Gesture condition). Participants completed measures of spatial ability and verbal memory. Recall was measured through both free recall, and specific recall questions related to particular phrases in the narrative. Spontaneous gesture production at encoding benefited free recall, while instructed gestures provided the greatest benefit for recall of specific phrases where gesture had been prompted during encoding. Conversely, for recall of specific phrases where gesture had not been prompted during encoding, instructions to either gesture or not gesture suppressed recall for those higher in verbal memory. Finally, producing iconic and deictic gestures provided benefits for narrative recall, whilst beat gestures had no effect. Gestures play an important role in how we encode and subsequently recall information, providing an opportunity to support cognitive capacity.
Characterization of pore space in Permo-Triassic sandstone from SW-Germany using the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility
Authors: Kontny Agnes , Busch Benjamin , Schenk Julius , Khasanov Ilnar
Published: October 2023

Pore space in siliciclastic rocks is one of the most important petrophysical properties in geothermal and hydrocarbon reservoir rock characterization. We used the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) of ferrofluid-impregnated Permo-Triassic sandstones of different Buntsandstein and Rotliegend facies as a proxy for pore space anisotropy and preferred flow direction as a case study for reservoir characterization. We compared the calculated ferrofluid porosity (2–21%) with He porosity (2–26%) and permeability (0.002–214 mD) and described the sediment microstructure using petrographic point-counting analysis. For water- and oil-based ferrofluid impregnation, we observed a positive correlation with He porosity and mass and susceptibility impregnation efficiency were used to control the quality of the impregnation process. Triaxial to oblate magnetic rock fabrics were mostly mimicked by the magnetic pore fabrics, except for some of the water-based ferrofluid impregnated samples, where magnetic ellipsoid shapes changed from oblate to prolate. AMS of the unimpregnated sandstones reflects well defined primary sedimentary to diagenetic fabrics with grain imbrication and cross bedding along with more laminated sedimentary structures. Deviation in ferrofluid-impregnated AMS axes orientation can be related either to the low anisotropy < 1.07 in sandstones from the Lower and Upper Buntsandstein, or the low impregnation efficiency. The mimicry is mostly better when the magnetic susceptibility of the sandstone is higher due to a higher concentration of phyllosilicates while micro-porosity is controlled by the clay fabric. A comparison of sediment petrography with magnetic pore fabrics suggests that the pore space is controlled by the bedding of the sandstones with mostly no preferred flow direction within the bedding plane.

Graphical Abstract
Interpretation of spring-water temperature variability based on continuous monitoring and numerical modelling of heat transport and water mixing: case study of Czarny Potok spring, Pieniny Mountains, southern Poland
Authors: Gruszczyński Tomasz , Szostakiewicz-Hołownia Marzena , Zaszewski Daniel
Published: October 2023

A numerical model of heat conduction and water mixing was developed, enabling a quantitative description of water temperature variability at a spring outflow. The study examined the Czarny Potok spring, located in the Pieniny Mountains of southern Poland, which was the subject of a 4-year series of water temperature observations. The presented model describes the soil and water environment in the immediate vicinity of the spring, assuming that the spring water temperature is shaped by the mixing of water flowing through the shallow zone that experiences seasonal fluctuation and the deeper neutral zone. It was also assumed that the conductive heat flow in the tested medium is conditioned by seasonal heating and cooling of the land surface. The thermal diffusivity of the bedrock was calculated on the basis of the phase shift and the attenuation of thermal amplitude at different depths, based on long-term monitoring of soil temperature. The heat conduction and water mixing models enabled calculation of the water temperature at the outflow. The obtained results are close to the empirical spring water temperatures. The estimated mean error was 0.075 °C and the mean absolute error was 0.188 °C. The results of the calculations suggest that the tested spring is recharged primarily by water flowing through the seasonal fluctuation zone (75%), while the remaining 25% captures a deeper circulation system associated with the neutral zone.
Rice husk fibers and their extracted silica as promising bio-based fillers for EPDM/NBR rubber blend vulcanizates
Authors: Eissa Mohamed M. , Botros Samir H. , Diab Mohamed , Shafik Emad S. , Rozik Nehad N.
Published: October 2023

Bio-based natural wastes could be considered eco-friendly alternatives to conventional fillers for enhancing the properties and reducing the cost of final rubber products. Thus, in the present research, EPDM/NBR rubber blend composites filled with kaolin and mixed with rice husk fibers (RHFs) were prepared. Homogeneity of the EPDM/NBR blends was improved by the incorporation of maleic anhydride (MAH) as a compatibilizing agent (1 phr), as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Of all EPDM/NBR blend ratios investigated, the 25/75 blend revealed good mechanical properties, thermal stability, and the least weight swell at equilibrium (Q%) in motor oil and brake fluid. EPDM/NBR/kaolin (25/75/30) blend vulcanizates containing RHFs at various loadings demonstrated a significant improvement in swelling resistance, primarily in motor oil and brake fluid, accompanied by a slight reduction in the mechanical properties at high RHFs content. That was complemented by the enhancement of thermal stability of the rubber blends, as demonstrated by TGA analysis. Among the filler types investigated (RHFs, silica ash (SA), rice husk silica (RHS), and kaolin), RHFs exhibited the best swelling resistance of the composite vulcanizates in motor oil and brake fluid. In addition, RHS could be used successfully as a supporting filler for carbon black-reinforced EPDM/NBR composite vulcanizates because it enhanced their thermal stability and swelling resistance in the motor oil.

Graphical Abstract
Three-Dimensional Analysis of Porosity in As-Manufactured Glass Fiber/Vinyl Ester Filament Winded Composites Using X-Ray Micro-Computed Tomography
Authors: Srivastava Chaman , Agostino Pietro , Stamopoulos Antonios G. , Alcock Ben , Strandlie Are , Grammatikos Sotirios
Published: October 2023

Filament winding is a technique to manufacture tubular composite structures and, therefore, is among the most appealing techniques for fabricating critical structures such as hollow tubes. Despite the recent advances, these structures are prone to a varying degree of porosity that may affect their mechanical performance. Therefore, the accurate detection and quantification of the manufacturing porosity is crucial. Micro-CT is most suitable for performing this activity at various scales. This work employs micro-CT for studying porosity inside an as-manufactured filament-winded composite structure. Void characteristics like volume, orientation, size, and relative volume fraction inside the hoop and helical layers are quantified inside a representative curved panel extracted from a glass fiber-vinyl ester tubular composite structure, which has not been studied in detail previously. It was observed that most voids are present in the matrix region. The voids are elliptical rod-like and spherical, with the latter present in the helical layers, which also host the majority of voids and the highest void volume fractions. The voids are highly aligned along the fiber orientation direction with higher misorientations for helical layers than the hoop layer. Large voids in base layers were created due to gaps formed during the winding process. Hence, the main goal of this study is to measure the voids' characteristics and the volumetric fraction during the stacking of filament wound hoop and helical layers during a generic filament winding pattern. The data can be further exploited as input for modeling filament winded composites in the presence of voids by researchers.
On the fragility of the Italian economic territories under SARS-COV2 lockdown policies
Authors: Giansante Simone , Flori Andrea , Spelta Alessandro
Published: October 2023

We leverage a granular representation of mobility patterns before and during the first wave of SARS-COV2 in Italy to investigate the economic consequences of various forms of lockdown policies when accounting for mobility restrictions between and within local jurisdictions, i.e. municipalities, provinces and regions. We provide an analytical characterization of the rate of economic losses using a network-based spectral method. The latter treats the spread of contagion of economic losses due to commuting restrictions as a dynamical system stability problem. Our results indicate that the interplay between lower level of smartworking and the polarization of commuting flows to fewer local labor hubs in the South of Italy makes Southern territories extremely important in spreading economic losses. We estimate an economic contraction of total income derived from commuting restrictions in the range of 10–30% depending on the economic assumptions. However, alternative policies proposed during the second wave of SARS-COV2 can pose a greater risk to Northern areas due to their higher degree of mobility between jurisdictions than Southern ones. The direction of economic losses tend to propagate from large to medium-small jurisdictions across all alternative lockdown policies we tested. Our study shows how complex mobility patterns can have unequal consequences to economic losses across the country and call for more tailored implementation of restrictions to balance the containment of contagion with the need to sustain economic output.
Cross-border impacts of climate change affect the energy transition: Insights from the Finnish energy sector
Authors: Groundstroem Fanny
Published: October 2023

The world is currently in the midst of an energy transition, in which renewable and low-carbon energy is replacing the use of fossil fuels. Along the way, however, planning for and adapting to impacts of climate change is urgently needed, as these are projected to intensify in the future, despite ambitious mitigation efforts. Since the low-carbon energy transition is likely to involve many international interdependencies and connections between countries and regions, assessments of cross-border impacts of climate change, i.e., consequences of climate change that occur remotely from the location of their initial impact, are of utmost importance to ensure the decarbonisation of society is safe and sustainable. This paper utilises expert interviews and a general morphological analysis with the shared socioeconomic pathways to situate national decarbonisation efforts within a global context and identify cross-border impacts of climate change that may affect the energy transition, using the Finnish energy sector as a case study. Interestingly, many of the global development trends that were found to have a boosting effect on the Finnish energy transition, also increased the risk from cross-border climate change impacts, stressing the importance of rigorous adaptation planning. The findings affirm the need for studying national energy transitions from a global perspective and highlight the tendency of climate change impacts to be transmitted across borders via complex pathways. The study offers valuable insights into the importance of cross-border impacts for adaptation planning pertinent to any country or region currently engaged, or planning to engage, in the global low-carbon transition.
The Hooded Capuchin Monkey (Sapajus cay) is Vulnerable in Paraguay and at Least Near Threatened Globally According to Red List Criteria
Authors: Smith Rebecca L. , Lusseau David
Published: October 2023

Habitat loss and fragmentation, particularly because of agrarian and urban expansions, are threatening biodiversity worldwide. Paraguay is predicted to lose all its primary moist forests by 2028. The most endangered habitat in Paraguay is the Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest (BAAPA), which has been decimated by industrial agriculture in the past 60 years. The hooded capuchin (Sapajus cay) is the best-known Paraguayan primate and the only species mostly restricted to the remaining BAAPA. We used local (defined as people living in Paraguay) knowledge about the known presence of the species in a habitat fragment to assess whether species’ presence was associated with forest cover in fragments by using a binomial general linear model (GLM). Using the results of the GLM, we then assessed how forest cover changed through the hooded capuchin range and its predicted range in Paraguay using Global ForestWatch forest cover prediction for 2000 to 2019. The GLM showed that the presence of hooded capuchins required predominance of forest cover with the monkey being 80% likely to be present for 56% cover and 90% for 70% cover. The capuchin has lost 23% of highly suitable habitat across its whole range and 58% in Paraguay. Suitable habitat for hooded capuchin monkeys is, therefore, decreasing across the full extent of the species. In Paraguay, the remaining habitat is being fragmented and degraded and distance between fragments is increasing. Because the situation in Paraguay is critical, we recommend that the capuchin is classified as Vulnerable by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List at a national level under criterion B1, b(i), b(ii), and b(iii). Predictions across the species range warrant at least a classification of Near Threatened for the species. These results demonstrate that the conservation situation faced by a primate species can differ greatly depending on local, national, and range wide political and social situations. Therefore, we recommend that national assessments are performed for species that are found in multiple countries in order to gain a true picture of threats a species faces.
Multi-camera trajectory matching based on hierarchical clustering and constraints
Authors: Szűcs Gábor , Borsodi Regő , Papp Dávid
Published: October 2023

The fast improvement of deep learning methods resulted in breakthroughs in image classification, object detection, and object tracking. Autonomous driving and traffic monitoring systems, especially the on-premise installed fixed position multi-camera configurations, benefit greatly from recent advances. In this paper, we propose a Multi-Camera Multi-Target (MCMT) vehicle tracking system using a constrained hierarchical clustering solution, which improves trajectory matching, and thus provides a more robust tracking of objects transitioning between cameras. YOLOv5, ByteTrack, and ResNet50-IBN ReID networks are used for vehicle detection and tracking. Static attributes such as vehicle type and vehicle color are determined from ReID features with SVM. The proposed ReID feature-based attribute categorization shows better performance, than its pure CNN counterpart. Single-camera trajectories (SCTs) are combined into multi-camera trajectories (MCTs) using hierarchical agglomerative clustering (HAC) with time and space constraints (our proposed algorithm is denoted by MCT#MAC). Similarities between SCTs are measured by comparing the mean ReID features cumulated on the trajectory. The system was evaluated on more datasets, and our experiments demonstrate that constraining HAC by manipulating the proximity matrix greatly improves the multi-camera IDF1 score.
Irony and sentiment in the literary field: Prešeren’s sonnets and the Slovenian alphabet-censorship war
Authors: Juvan Marko
Published: October 2023

Restoration censorship forced European Romantic literature to retreat from society and politics into subjective intimacy, fantasy, mythology, history, and exotic places. In addition to conforming to restrictions, however, censorship also led writers to evade its control (pseudonyms, publication abroad, allusive style) and, more rarely, to overt or covert rebellion (petitions, satire, etc.). An example of this is the German sonnets written by the Slovenian romanticist France Prešeren in the mid-1830s as a poetic response to the public controversy over the cultural strategies of national revival (the so-called Slovenian ABC war) and the behind-the-scenes struggles over the censorship of the poetry almanacKrajnska čbelica(Carniolan Bee). With their illocutionary force, Prešeren’s sonnets are directed against prominent collaborators of censorship and the centers of ecclesiastical and secular power that wanted to keep the embrionic Slovenian literary field under their control. These poems move between satirical irony and sentiment, between the fictional suspension of dominant positions in the field and the search for sympathy for the depressing lack of consecration. The satire against the censors of his elegy dedicated to Matija Čop stands out with its acrostic and the affect of rage.
Hyperspectral imaging for estimating leaf, flower, and fruit macronutrient concentrations and predicting strawberry yields
Authors: Dung Cao Dinh , Trueman Stephen J. , Wallace Helen M. , Farrar Michael B. , Gama Tsvakai , Tahmasbian Iman , Bai Shahla Hosseini
Published: October 2023

Managing the nutritional status of strawberry plants is critical for optimizing yield. This study evaluated the potential of hyperspectral imaging (400–1,000 nm) to estimate nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca) concentrations in strawberry leaves, flowers, unripe fruit, and ripe fruit and to predict plant yield. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models were developed to estimate nutrient concentrations. The determination coefficient of prediction (R2P) and ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) were used to evaluate prediction accuracy, which often proved to be greater for leaves, flowers, and unripe fruit than for ripe fruit. The prediction accuracies for N concentration were R2P = 0.64, 0.60, 0.81, and 0.30, and RPD = 1.64, 1.59, 2.64, and 1.31, for leaves, flowers, unripe fruit, and ripe fruit, respectively. Prediction accuracies for Ca concentrations were R2P = 0.70, 0.62, 0.61, and 0.03, and RPD = 1.77, 1.63, 1.60, and 1.15, for the same respective plant parts. Yield and fruit mass only had significant linear relationships with the Difference Vegetation Index (R2 = 0.256 and 0.266, respectively) among the eleven vegetation indices tested. Hyperspectral imaging showed potential for estimating nutrient status in strawberry crops. This technology will assist growers to make rapid nutrient-management decisions, allowing for optimal yield and quality.
A variant in the 5′UTR of ERBB4 is associated with lifespan in Golden Retrievers
Authors: Rebhun Robert B. , York Daniel , De Graaf Flora M. D. , Yoon Paula , Batcher Kevin L. , Luker Madison E. , Ryan Stephanie , Peyton Jamie , Kent Michael S. , Stern Joshua A. , Bannasch Danika L.
Published: October 2023

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in long-lived human populations have led to identification of variants associated with Alzheimer’s disease and cardiovascular disease, the latter being the most common cause of mortality in people worldwide. In contrast, naturally occurring cancer represents the leading cause of death in pet dogs, and specific breeds like the Golden Retriever (GR) carry up to a 65% cancer-related death rate. We hypothesized that GWAS of long-lived GRs might lead to the identification of genetic variants capable of modifying longevity within this cancer-predisposed breed. A GWAS was performed comparing GR dogs ≥ 14 years to dogs dying prior to age 12 which revealed a significant association to ERBB4, the only member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family capable of serving as both a tumor suppressor gene and an oncogene. No coding variants were identified, however, distinct haplotypes in the 5′UTR were associated with reduced lifespan in two separate populations of GR dogs. When all GR dogs were analyzed together (n = 304), the presence of haplotype 3 was associated with shorter survival (11.8 years vs. 12.8 years, p = 0.024). GRs homozygous for haplotype 3 had the shortest survival, and GRs homozygous for haplotype 1 had the longest survival (11.6 years vs. 13.5 years, p = 0.0008). Sub-analyses revealed that the difference in lifespan for GRs carrying at least 1 copy of haplotype 3 was specific to female dogs (p = 0.009), whereas survival remained significantly different in both male and female GRs homozygous for haplotype 1 or haplotype 3 (p = 0.026 and p = 0.009, respectively). Taken together, these findings implicate a potential role for ERBB4 in GR longevity and provide evidence that within-breed canine lifespan studies could serve as a mechanism to identify favorable or disease-modifying variants important to the axis of aging and cancer.