bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution and Risk Factors Associated With Tilapia Parvovirus (TiPV) Presence in Red Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) Farms in Thailand
Authors: Chatkaewchai Benya , Surachetpong Win , Thongyuan Suporn , Kamklang Methanan , Laopiem Sudtisa , Pattanakunanan Sakuna , Boonyawiwat Visanu , Pulpipat Theeraporn
Published: February 2025

Emerging viral diseases, such as tilapia parvovirus (TiPV), are having a significant economic impact on global tilapia aquaculture. TiPV is responsible for the mass mortality of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) in China, India and Thailand. We, therefore, aimed to determine the current status of TiPV infection and distribution and the risk factors associated with TiPV infection in red hybrid tilapia farms in Thailand. In this cross‐sectional study, a total of 101 samples, each comprising five moribund fish, were collected from 40 red hybrid tilapia farms across various provinces in Thailand between September 2022 and March 2024. The data on the farm characteristics and management practices were obtained via questionnaires and direct observation. A total of 23 factors were assessed, including six related to farm characteristics, 13 associated with farm management practices and four concerning the presence of other pathogens. The data from 101 samples were analysed using unconditional and mixed‐effects logistic regression, revealing a percentage of TiPV infection was 11.88%. Two significant risk factors associated with TiPV infection were identified: the source of the fish (p = 0.020) and the initial fish weight at the stocking date (p = 0.026). Conversely, the feeding method (p = 0.039) was found to be a protective factor against TiPV infection. This study is the first to investigate the epidemiology of TiPV infection in farmed red hybrid tilapia. Our findings are important for improving farm management practices, mitigating the risk of TiPV infection and developing effective disease control strategies.
Effects of SWEEPS‐Activated Irrigation and Other Methods for Elimination of Intracanal Medicaments on Push‐Out Bond Strength of NeoMTA2 to Root Dentin: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Babaahmadi Maryam , Dibaji Fatemeh , Vatanpour Mehdi , Aminsobhani Mohsen , Sarraf Pegah , Khoshkhounejad Mehrfam
Published: February 2025

Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of laser‐assisted irrigation, conventional syringe irrigation (CSI), and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) for elimination of intracanal medicaments on push‐out bond strength (PBS) of NeoMTA2 to root dentin.

Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 150 extracted single‐rooted mandibular premolars were decoronated and standardized with a certain root length. The canals were instrumented to simulate immature roots and randomly assigned to three experimental groups (n = 45) using either triple antibiotic paste (TAP), double antibiotic paste (DAP), or calcium hydroxide (CH) as intracanal medicament and one no‐medicament control group (n = 15). After 28 days, the experimental groups were randomly divided into three subgroups (n = 15) according to the irrigation method using either erbium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser shockwave‐enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming (SWEEPS), CSI, or PUI. A dentinal ring was then obtained from the coronal part of each root, and its lumen was densely filled with NeoMTA2. After 1 week, the PBS was measured using a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey and Dunnett tests (alpha = 0.05).

Results: The interaction effect of the irrigation technique and medicament type on PBS was significant (p < 0.05). The PBS in all groups was significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.01) except in CH‐SWEEPS (p = 0.741). In the experimental groups, the PBS of the SWEEPS subgroup was significantly higher than other subgroups (p < 0.001). The PBS of PUI was higher than CSI in CH and TAP groups (p < 0.001). The PBS of CH was significantly higher than TAP in CSI, and DAP and TAP in PUI and SWEEPS groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: In this in vitro study, regardless of the irrigation method, higher PBS of NeoMTA2 to root dentin was achieved in CH groups compared to TAP. A higher PBS was also achieved when SWEEPS and PUI methods were used to eliminate CH in comparison to TAP and DAP.
The Role of Throat Packs in Orthognathic Surgery—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Saha Mehul , Singh Anupam , Pentapati Kalyana Chakravarthy , Gadicherla Srikanth , Aramanadka Chithra , Kudva Adarsh
Published: February 2025

Orthognathic surgery entails a high risk of blood ingestion, which causes postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Throat packs are placed to combat this problem. However, the efficacy of throat packs in reducing blood ingestion and PONV is debatable. We aimed to review the existing literature and pool the estimates of the quality of gastric contents, PONV, and throat pain associated with and without the use of throat packs among patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. Globally recognized databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science) were searched to identify relevant studies, and 2 randomized controlled trials comprising 84 participants were included. A qualitative analysis of the gastric contents showed that throat packs are not practical barriers against the ingestion of blood during orthognathic surgery. The meta‐analysis revealed that placement of throat packs during orthognathic surgery did not reduce the incidence of PONV (p value = 1) and caused higher postoperative throat pain (p value = 0.02). Thus, the current review provides no evidence in favor of throat packs during orthognathic surgery. The role of throat packs in preventing blood ingestion is questionable due to a limited number of studies. They play no significant role in preventing PONV and increase postoperative throat pain.
Supplementary Table S15 from A Recurrent Activating Missense Mutation in Waldenström Macroglobulinemia Affects the DNA Binding of the ETS Transcription Factor SPI1 and Enhances Proliferation
Authors: Roos-Weil Damien , Decaudin Camille , Armand Marine , Della-Valle Véronique , Diop M'boyba K. , Ghamlouch Hussein , Ropars Virginie , Hérate Cécile , Lara Diane , Durot Eric , Haddad Rima , Mylonas Elena , Damm Frederik , Pflumio Francoise , Stoilova Bilyana , Metzner Marlen , Elemento Olivier , Dessen Philippe , Camara-Clayette Valérie , Cosset François-Loïc , Verhoeyen Els , Leblond Véronique , Ribrag Vincent , Cornillet-Lefebvre Pascale , Rameau Philippe , Azar Nabih , Charlotte Frédéric , Morel Pierre , Charbonnier Jean-Baptiste , Vyas Paresh , Mercher Thomas , Aoufouchi Said , Droin Nathalie , Guillouf Christel , Nguyen-Khac Florence , Bernard Olivier A.
Published: February 2025

Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) from RNA-seq obtained upon SPI1 WT (n = 3) and QE (n = 3) expression in OCI-Ly10 cells (Lymphochip database)
Supplementary Data from A Recurrent Activating Missense Mutation in Waldenström Macroglobulinemia Affects the DNA Binding of the ETS Transcription Factor SPI1 and Enhances Proliferation
Authors: Roos-Weil Damien , Decaudin Camille , Armand Marine , Della-Valle Véronique , Diop M'boyba K. , Ghamlouch Hussein , Ropars Virginie , Hérate Cécile , Lara Diane , Durot Eric , Haddad Rima , Mylonas Elena , Damm Frederik , Pflumio Francoise , Stoilova Bilyana , Metzner Marlen , Elemento Olivier , Dessen Philippe , Camara-Clayette Valérie , Cosset François-Loïc , Verhoeyen Els , Leblond Véronique , Ribrag Vincent , Cornillet-Lefebvre Pascale , Rameau Philippe , Azar Nabih , Charlotte Frédéric , Morel Pierre , Charbonnier Jean-Baptiste , Vyas Paresh , Mercher Thomas , Aoufouchi Said , Droin Nathalie , Guillouf Christel , Nguyen-Khac Florence , Bernard Olivier A.
Published: February 2025

Supplementary figures and legends
Figure S1 from Stanniocalcin 1 in Patients with Refractory Colorectal Cancer Treated with Regorafenib: A Post Hoc Biomarker Analysis of the TEXCAN and CORRECT Trials
Authors: Vienot Angélique , Vernerey Dewi , Bouard Adeline , Klajer Elodie , Kim Stefano , Tournigand Christophe , Louvet Christophe , André Thierry , Rousseau Benoît , Wespiser Mylène , Spehner Laurie , Wang Ying A. , Weispfenning Anke , Dochy Emmanuelle , Borg Christophe
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Figure 1
Acetalax and Bisacodyl for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Combined Molecular and Preclinical Study
Authors: Reinhold William C. , Marangoni Elisabetta , Elloumi Fathi , Montagne Remi , Varma Sudhir , Wang Yanghsin , Rezai Keyvan , Morriset Ludivine , Dahmani Ahmed , El Botty Rania , Huguet Léa , Mizunuma Makito , Takebe Naoko , Huguet Samuel , Luna Augustin , Pommier Yves
Published: February 2025

The recalcitrant nature of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) calls for novel treatments. Acetalax (oxyphenisatin acetate) and bisacodyl, which have been and are extensively used orally as laxatives, have recently been reported to exhibit selective antiproliferative activity when incubated with cancer cells and xenograft models. Here, we show that they are both preferentially active in TNBC cell lines, and that their activity patterns overlap across the 1,000 cell lines of the Sanger database but are unique and distinct from the standard chemotherapies. Multivariate transcriptomic analyses demonstrate that expression of the ion transporter TRPM4 and two other cell surface genes predict the activity of both drugs. In vivo testing shows that both Acetalax and bisacodyl induce complete regression of different TNBC patient-derived xenografts. Acetalax pharmacokinetics shows a 5.8-hour terminal half-life and drug penetration in TNBC tumors and brain.

Significance:

Acetalax and bisacodyl represent a prospective novel drug mechanism-of-action type, affect mitochondrial function and affect tumor growth in vivo. Their activity may be predicted by TRPM4 but with more accuracy adding other genes in multivariate analysis for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Acetalax has a biphasic mean half-life of 5.8 hours.
Unravelling the Role of Serum Kallistatin on Cardiorenal Outcomes in Kidney Transplant Survivors
Authors: Batko Krzysztof , Sączek Anna , Banaszkiewicz Małgorzata , Małyszko Jolanta , Koc-Żórawska Ewa , Żórawski Marcin , Niezabitowska Karolina , Siek Katarzyna , Kraśniak Andrzej , Krzanowski Marcin , Krzanowska Katarzyna
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Kallistatin, a serine protease inhibitor, has been implicated in cardiovascular and renal protection. This study investigates its association with clinical characteristics and outcomes in long-term kidney transplant recipients (KTRs).
Methods: In this longitudinal observational cohort study, we enrolled 101 KTRs between September 2016 and October 2017. The median (IQR) time post-transplant was 52 (36-97) months, and the follow-up time was 83 (41-85) months. All patients had documented graft function of ≥24 months and no record of acute rejection or active or chronic infection at presentation. Serum kallistatin and high-sensitivity interleukin-6 (hsIL-6) were measured at baseline using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A control group of 32 healthy volunteers was also recruited.
Results: Higher serum kallistatin levels were observed in KTRs compared to healthy controls (15.9 vs. 13.8 µg/ml; P=0.007). Concentrations were lower in diabetic versus non-diabetic KTR (14.8 vs. 16.4 µg/ml; P=0.021). A significant interaction between diabetic status and BMI indicated a positive association with kallistatin levels only in diabetic KTRs (P=0.046). Linear mixed models assessing eGFR change over time showed improved fit after kallistatin was included in a base model with age, sex and baseline eGFR (χ²=5.089, P=0.020). Cox regression showed that higher kallistatin levels were associated with an increased risk of graft loss in diabetic patients (HR 1.120; P=0.049), but also independent of time after transplantation (HR 1.147; P=0.030). No association was observed for all-cause mortality. The best performance was estimated for kallistatin models adjusting for time post-transplant (c-index 0.779) and diabetic status (c-index 0.707).
Conclusions: This study highlights the complex interactions between kallistatin, renal function and cardiometabolic status in stable, long-term KTRs. Higher kallistatin levels are associated with an increased risk of graft loss in non-diabetic patients, while showing a protective effect in diabetic patients. These findings support integrated management of cardio-reno-metabolic health in KTRs.
Globale Schätzungen der Anzahl der durch Katarakt erblindeten oder sehbehinderten Menschen: Eine Meta-Analyse von 2000 bis 2020
Authors: Pesudovs Konrad ,   Vision Loss Expert Group der Global Burden of Disease Study,   GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators
Published: February 2025

Hintergrund: Abschätzung der globalen und regionalen Trends von 2000 bis 2020 in Bezug auf die Zahl der Menschen mit Katarakt und ihren Anteil an der Gesamtzahl der Menschen mit Sehbehinderungen. Method: en: Wir haben einen systematische Übersichtsarbeit und eine Meta-Analyse veröffentlichter Bevölkerungsstudien und grauer Literatur von 2000 bis 2020 durchgeführt, um globale und regionale Trends abzuschätzen. Wir haben Prävalenzschätzungen entwickelt, die auf modellierten Fernsichtbehinderungen und Blindheit aufgrund von Katarakt basieren und orts-, jahres-, alters- und geschlechtsspezifische Schätzungen für mittelschwere bis schwere Sehbehinderungen (MSVI mit Sehschärfe < 6/18, ≥ 3/60) und Blindheit (mit Sehschärfe < 3/60) liefern. Die Schätzungen sind altersstandardisiert unter Verwendung der GBD-Standardbevölkerung. Ergebnisse: Im Jahr 2020 waren von den insgesamt (alle Altersgruppen) 43,3 Millionen Blinden und 295 Millionen Menschen mit MSVI 17,0 Millionen (39,6%) blind und 83,5 Millionen (28,3%) hatten MSVI aufgrund von Katarakt (Blindheit 60% weiblich, MSVI 59% weiblich). Zwischen 1990 und 2020 stieg die Zahl der durch Katarakt Erblindeten (MSVI) um 29,7% (93,1%), während die altersstandardisierte Gesamtprävalenz der durch Katarakt Erblindeten um –27,5% und die MSVI um 7,2% zunahm. Der Beitrag der Katarakt zur altersstandardisierten Prävalenz der Blindheit lag nur in Südasien (62,9%) und Südostasien und Ozeanien (47,9%) über dem globalen Wert. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Zahl der Katarakt- und MSVI-bedingten Erblindungen hat in den letzten 30 Jahren zugenommen, obwohl die altersstandardisierte Kataraktprävalenz zurückgegangen ist. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass die Kataraktbehandlungsprogramme wirksam waren. Das Bevölkerungswachstum und die Alterung der Bevölkerung haben diese Wirkung jedoch aufgehoben. Die steigende Zahl von Kataraktblindheit deutet darauf hin, dass mehr und gezieltere Ressourcen benötigt werden, um die Kapazitäten für Kataraktoperationen weltweit zu erhöhen.
Outpatient Transurethral Resections of Bladder Tumours: Insights from the Largest Cohort to Date.
Authors: Pattou Maxime , Ochoa Adrien , Goujon Annabelle , Verine Jérôme , Meyer François , Bebane Sonia , Gaudez François , Meria Paul , Desgrandchamps François , Mongiat-Artus Pierre , Masson-Lecomte Alexandra
Published: February 2025

Objectives : Outpatient transurethral resection of bladder tumours (TURBT) is not widespread, involving only 5% of patients. Our aim was to assess the feasibility of TURBT in an outpatient setting and to evaluate factors possibly associated with conversion to inpatient care as well as unscheduled care.

Subjects and Methods : All consecutive outpatient TURBT performed between January 2016 and December 2022 in one academic center were retrospectively analyzed. Outpatient success was defined as the absence of conversion to conventional hospitalization (CH) as well as the absence of unscheduled care within 30 postoperative days. The quality of the resection was assessed by the presence of detrusor muscle in the surgical specimen.

Results : A total of 500 consecutive outpatient TURBT were included in 376 patients. Outpatient-TURBT was performed for primary tumour diagnosis in 187 (37%) cases, second look in 66 (13%) cases and tumour relapse in 216 (43%) cases. Muscle was present in 86% of cases. Perioperative inpatient conversions occurred in 40 cases (8%). Once converted, patients stayed a median of 2 days IQR[1;3]. Seventy-seven post-TURBT unscheduled care were observed (15%) with 40 emergency room visits (8%) and/or 22 rehospitalizations (4%), occurring on a median post-operative day 3 IQR[1 ; 4]. Overall complication rate was 11% (51 cases of grade 1 and 2 complications (10%) and 6 cases of grade 3 complications (1%)). Multivariate predictors of outpatient-TURBT failure were specimen weight ≥1g (OR=4.35, 95%CI: 1.60 - 13.3, p=0.007), surgery duration (OR=1.03, 95%CI: 1.06 - 1.71), p=0.002) and antiplatelet treatment (OR=2.86, 95%CI: 0.864 - 9.17, p=0.077)

Conclusion : Outpatient TURBT appears to be acceptable with an 8% conversion rate, as well as safe, with an 11% complication rate. Quality of the resection was not affected by the outpatient setting. Tumour weight ≥1g, surgery duration and absence of antiplatelet treatment were significant multivariate predictors of outpatient surgery failure.
Tumortherapiefelder-Behandlung (TTFields) und Lomustin-Chemotherapie zur Behandlung des inoperablen progressiven Glioblastoms
Authors: Mergen Ertan , Landrock Sonja , Chizzali Barbara
Published: February 2025

Einführung: Die Behandlung mit Tumortherapiefeldern (TTFields), die begleitend mit Temozolomid bis zur zweiten Progression nach der Radiochemotherapie angewendet wird, ist im Vergleich zu adjuvantem Temozolomid allein bei Personen mit neu diagnostiziertem Glioblastom (GBM) mit verbesserten Überlebensergebnissen verbunden. Lomustin (CCNU) wird häufig als Monotherapie oder in Kombination mit anderen Chemotherapien als Zweitlinientherapie bei rezidivierendem GBM angewendet. Falldarstellung: Wir berichten über eine 59-jährige Patientin mit der Diagnose Methylierung des MGMT-Promotors, Isocitrat-Dehydrogenase, Wildtyp-GBM (World Health Organization Grade 4), die nach einer Teilresektion eine TTFields-Therapie gleichzeitig mit einer Erst- und Zweitlinien-Chemotherapie erhielt. Die Patientin erlebte nach drei Zyklen Erhaltungstherapie mit Temozolomid/TTFields-Therapie und erneut nach weiteren zwei Zyklen Procarbazin/CCNU/TTFields-Therapie eine Pseudoprogression/Progression des Tumors und wurde anschließend auf die CCNU/TTFields-Therapie umgestellt. Während einer 18-monatigen Behandlung mit begleitender TTFields-Therapie und CCNU erlebte die Patientin eine Regression/Verringerung sowohl des Tumorvolumens als auch des perifokalen Ödems mit tolerierbarer Hämatotoxizität und konnte bezüglich der Nutzung der TTFields-Therapie eine hohe Rate aufrechterhalten. Die Patientin starb schließlich nach der Entwicklung einer chemotherapiebedingten akuten myeloischen Leukämie. Schlussfolgerung: Dieser Patientenfall spiegelt das Ergebnis der EF-14-Studie wider, bei der die TTFields-Therapie über die erste Progression hinaus gleichzeitig mit einer Chemotherapie angewendet wurde. Die Beobachtungen aus diesem Fall deuten darauf hin, dass die TTFields-Therapie mit CCNU in diesem Zusammenhang eine nützliche Behandlungsmethode bei Patienten mit GBM ist.
Influence of pH on bioplastic production from Sweet Potato Starch (Ipomea batatas L.)
Authors: Salah Roumaissa Ahmed , Alia Zeid , Gahtar Abdelouahab , Belahcene Samira , Khechekhouche El Amine , Amara DjilaniGhemam
Published: February 2025

Scientists are exploring biodegradable bioplastic polymers as alternatives to traditional plastics to address environmental concerns. Bioplastics are derived from renewable materials such as starch, vegetable oils, and other organic sources. This study specifically focuses on using sweet potatoes to produce a bioplastic. Sweet potatoes are a versatile and nutritious crop that is widely grown around the world. The roots of sweet potatoes contain starch, which makes up a significant part of their composition. Starch is a valuable food source with industrial uses, including as a carrier medium for various substances in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The research was conducted in the Souf region of the Algerian Sahara, where sweet potato starch is obtained through a multi-step process that includes washing, peeling, filtering, and drying. This starch (5g) is mixed with 50 ml of water, hydrochloric acid, and glycerol (5 ml), then heated and dried to create bioplastics. The results show that the starch yield from sweet potatoes varies depending on the pH of the extraction medium, with the highest yield being achieved with a neutral medium (7.6±1.72 g). This study also investigates the potential of recycling industrial food waste, lovely potato peelings, for the production of bioplastics. It highlights the importance of pH in starch extraction and its subsequent use in bioplastics production, highlights environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional plastics, and contributes to the ongoing efforts to reduce plastic waste and pollution.
Comparative analysis of the possible radical scavenging, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of several extracts in case of Artemisia herba-alba and Juniperus communis gathered from Algeria's mountainous regions
Authors: Layadi Ikram , Tlili Mohammed Laid , Laiche Ammar Touhami
Published: February 2025

This research reports a comparative analysis of the possible radical scavenging, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of several ex-tracts in case of Artemisia herba-alba and Juniperus communis gathered from Algeria's mountainous regions. The plants extracts total phenolic acid content was ascertained using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and their total flavonoid content was ascertained using the aluminum chlo-ride colorimetric test. By estimating their ability to remove free radi-cals using the DPPH method and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, their antioxidant capacity was assessed. Disk diffusion was used to measure the antibacterial activity against five strains of bacteria, and a protein denaturation assay was performed to examine the anti-inflammatory activity. A high polyphenol content of 104.54 ±0.35 mg GAE/g was observed in the hydroethanolic extract of Artemi-sia herba-alba, while a high flavonoid content of 17.05 ±0.13 mg QE/g was found in the hydroethanolic extract of Juniperus communis. Both species extracts showed important antioxidant activity in two separate tests, where the hydroethanolic extracts demonstrated effective action. The crude extracts showed positive antibacterial activity, especially the hydroethanolic extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae with a super inhibition on concentration 20 mg/ml. In the anti-inflammatory assay, the hydroethanolic extract of J. comminus with IC50: 23.58 ±0.02 μg/mL, has the most potent anti-denaturation effect on albumin. According to the study's findings, the hydroethanolic ex-tracts in case of Artemisia herba-alba and Juniperus communis gathered from Algeria's mountainous regions are possible sources of phenolic compounds with important natural antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory characteristics that may be employed in pharmaceutical products.
Novel Therapeutic Approach Targeting CXCR3 to Treat Immunotherapy Myocarditis
Authors: Huang Yuhsin Vivian , Sun Yin , Chou Harrison , Wagner Noah , Vitale Maria Rosaria , Bayer Abraham L. , Xu Bruce , Lee Daniel , Lin Zachary , Branche Corynn , Waliany Sarah , Neal Joel W. , Wakelee Heather A. , Witteles Ronald M. , Nguyen Patricia K. , Graves Edward E. , Berry Gerald J. , Alcaide Pilar , Wu Sean M. , Zhu Han
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are successful in treating many cancers but may cause immune-related adverse events. ICI-mediated myocarditis has a high fatality rate with severe cardiovascular consequences. Targeted therapies for ICI myocarditis are currently limited.

METHODS:

We used a genetic mouse model of PD1 deletion (
MRL/Pdcd1

−/−

) along with a novel drug-treated ICI myocarditis mouse model to recapitulate the disease phenotype. We performed single-cell RNA-sequencing, single-cell T-cell receptor sequencing, and cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes on immune cells isolated from
MRL
and
MRL/Pdcd1

−/−

mice at serial time points. We assessed the impact of macrophage deletion in
MRL/Pdcd1

−/−

mice, then inhibited CXCR3 (C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3) in ICI-treated mice to assess the therapeutic effect on myocarditis phenotype. Furthermore, we delineated the functional and mechanistic effects of CXCR3 blockade on T-cell and macrophage interactions. We then correlated the results in human single-cell multiomics data from blood and heart biopsy data from patients with ICI myocarditis.

RESULTS:

Single-cell multiomics demonstrated expansion of CXCL (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand) 9/10+CCR2+ macrophages and CXCR3hi (C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 high-expressing) CD8+ (cluster of differentiation) effector T lymphocytes in the hearts of
MRL/Pdcd1

−/−

mice correlating with onset of myocarditis development. Both depletion of CXCL9/10+CCR2+ (C-C motif chemokine receptor) macrophages and CXCR3 blockade, respectively, led to decreased CXCR3hi CD8+ T-cell infiltration into the heart and significantly improved survival. Transwell migration assays demonstrated that the selective blockade of CXCR3 and its ligand, CXCL10, reduced CXCR3+CD8+ T-cell migration toward macrophages, implicating this interaction in T-cell cardiotropism toward cardiac macrophages. Furthermore, cardiomyocyte apoptosis was induced by CXCR3hi CD8+ T cells. Cardiac biopsies from patients with confirmed ICI myocarditis demonstrated infiltrating CXCR3+ T cells and CXCL9+/CXCL10+ macrophages. Both mouse cardiac immune cells and patient peripheral blood immune cells revealed expanded TCRs (T-cell receptors) correlating with CXCR3hi CD8+ T cells in ICI myocarditis samples.

CONCLUSIONS:

These findings bring forth the CXCR3-CXCL9/10 axis as an attractive therapeutic target for ICI myocarditis treatment, and more broadly as a druggable pathway in cardiac inflammation.
Risk of Incident Atrial Fibrillation in Women With a History of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Johnston Amy , Petrcich William , Smith Graeme N. , Fell Deshayne B. , Tanuseputro Peter , Coutinho Thais , Edwards Jodi D.
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality and are associated with acute cardiac events in the peripartum period, as well as cardiovascular disease later in life. Despite the robust association between hypertension and atrial fibrillation (AFib), comparatively little is known about HDP and its subtypes as sex-specific risk factors for AFib.

METHODS:

A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted, including 771 521 nulliparous women discharged for obstetrical delivery of their first live or stillborn singleton infant between 2002 and 2017 in Ontario, Canada. Data were obtained from record-level, coded, and linked population-based administrative databases housed at ICES. Using competing risks Cox proportional hazards regression, we estimated crude and multivariable-adjusted cause-specific hazard ratios and 95% CIs for associations between history of any HDP (and its 6 subtypes), and AFib before death, as well as all-cause mortality without a previous AFib diagnosis.

RESULTS:

Approximately 8% of women were diagnosed with HDP during the 16-year exposure accrual period. The total person-time of follow-up was 7 380 304 person-years, during which there were 2483 (0.3%) incident AFib diagnoses and 2951 (0.4%) deaths. History of any HDP was associated with an increased cause-specific hazard ratios of incident AFib and death without a previous AFib diagnosis (adjusted cause-specific hazard ratios, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.28–1.64] and 1.31 [95% CI, 1.16–1.47], respectively). These associations were observed in relatively young women (median time to event, 7 years postpartum). Associations suggestive of a dose-response relationship were observed, with more severe HDP subtypes and prepregnancy chronic hypertension associated with a 1.5 to 2.2 times higher cause-specific rate of AFib, and a 1.4 to 2.1 times higher cause-specific rate of death compared with no hypertension in pregnancy.

CONCLUSIONS:

Women exposed to HDP in their first delivery have a significantly increased cause-specific hazard ratios of incident AFib compared to their unexposed counterparts, with higher rates observed in subjects exposed to more severe de novo HDP diagnoses as well as chronic hypertension in pregnancy. These findings underscore the need to consider HDP history in risk calculation/stratification for arrhythmic and nonarrhythmic cardiovascular diseases, improve surveillance of traditional and female-specific cardiovascular disease risk factors, and develop targeted prevention strategies to reduce the occurrence and burden of HDP.
Towards Future Learning with Tangible and Embodied AI Workshops
Authors: Han Kuntong , Tang Keyang , Wang Meng
Published: February 2025

This article explores the transformative potential of tangible and embodied AI workshops in education, emphasizing how they can promote an intuitive understanding of an advanced AI paradigm. It presents a versatile toolkit designed for students from diverse academic backgrounds, enabling them to create controllers without prior coding experience. Integrating AI systems in the classroom does, however, raise concerns of increased expenses related to materials and teacher preparedness, as educators must adapt to guide students through interactive AI experiences rather than instruct. The article envisions a future where such workshops redefine education, providing personalized learning and heightened engagement with course material.
A Teaching Experiment on the Generation of AI-assisted Interior Renderings
Authors: Wang Changsheng , Luo Juan
Published: February 2025

This study explores the application of artificial intelligence (AI) to interior design education by comparing traditional and AI-assisted renderings of interior spaces by first- and third-year students at Hechi University in Guangxi, China. AI tools significantly improved the renderings made by a first-year student, but not those made by a third-year student. Our results highlight the need to prevent students from relying on the use of AI tools and hindering their development of foundational design skills. It also highlights the need to distinguish between the practicality of AI-generated renderings and the practical requirements of the design process.
Soil dynamics shaping the nematode community interactions in coastal rice ecology
Authors: Gayatri Bandaru , Rushi Kotipalli V.S.L.R. , Bapatla Kiran G. , Shyam Chunchanahalli S. , Rao Karnena K. , Panda Bipin B. , Jena Rupak
Published: February 2025

Nematodes are predominant metazoans on earth, However, the influence of dynamic soil factors on nematode community structure, function, and soil food web interactions is one of the poorly understood areas in coastal crop ecologies. The current study area is along the coast of the Bay of Bengal in the Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Thirty soil samples were collected randomly and classified based on the soil salinity gradient into two soil groups: saline and non-saline soils. Other edaphic factors were recorded, such as soil pH, organic carbon, available soil nitrogen, and soluble cations (Na, Ca, Mg). The two groups differed significantly in soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), Na, Mg and Ca content. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (nMDS) ordination revealed a significant grouping of nematode taxa between saline and non-saline soil samples. SIMPER analysis between the two groups demonstrated that the maximum dissimilarity was contributed by families Cephalobidae, followed by Plectidae, Merliniidae, Dorylaimidae and Rhabdolaimidae. RDA analysis with soil factors as explanatory variables revealed that soil pH, EC, Na and Mg content showed a positive correlation with bacterial functional guilds (b1, b2, b3), whereas soil organic carbon and available nitrogen showed a positive correlation towards predatory functional guilds (p4-I and o5-p). Analysis of ecological indices (basal, enrichment, structure and maturity index) and diversity indices revealed stressed food web conditions in saline soils and maturing and structured food web conditions in non-saline soils. Our study concluded that soil salinity is responsible for a significant reduction in nematode abundance and diversity besides causing considerable effects on nematode community structure and ecological functioning.
Unveiling the wood anatomy of the overlooked agarwood Aetoxylon sympetalum (Steenis & Domke) Airy Shaw (Thymelaeaceae Juss.)
Authors: Wilson Sarah D. , Terrazas Teresa , Gasson Peter E.
Published: February 2025

Agarwood is one of the most valuable non-timber forest products due to its gratifying aroma. This has led to overexploitation of agarwood produced by species from Thymelaeaceae such as Aquilaria spp., Gyrinops spp., Gonystylus spp. and a mostly unnoticed species, Aetoxylon sympetalum. Although a candidate, A. sympetalum has not been included in CITES, in contrast with other agarwoods. This could be due to the difficulty in identifying this species because of a lack of information regarding its wood anatomy. The aim of this study is to elucidate the wood anatomy of A. sympetalum and thereby determine the features that distinguish this species from other agarwood species. Three wood samples of A. sympetalum were examined and sectioned. The resulting slides were then compared with the reference sample in the slide collection of the Jodrell Laboratory in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. More samples were prepared for observation under scanning electron microscopy. The anatomical features were described according to the standard IAWA terminology. A. sympetalum is a diffuse-porous wood, with alternate and minute intervessel pits, vestured pits, very thick-walled fibres; mostly uniseriate rays and prismatic crystals within ray cells. The absence of diffusely arranged islands of phloem differentiates A. sympetalum from Aquilaria spp. and Gyrinops spp. The only noticeable difference with Gonystylus spp. is the thickness of the fibre walls which results in very high-density wood. The wood anatomy described agrees with Mandang & Wiyono (2002) but varies greatly from Tian et al. (2021) which is arguably a misidentification. This study is a reference point for identifying A. sympetalum which is paramount to its potential conservation and thus encourages its inclusion within CITES.
Assessment of commercial insect-based pet food products: nutrients’ concentration, labelling adequacy and determination of animal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Authors: Baptista da Silva C. , Santos Neto E.L. , Vermeir P. , De Leersnyder I. , Eeckhout M. , Hesta M.
Published: February 2025

Over recent years, the availability of insect-based pet food products has increased. However, concerns have arisen regarding potential nutritional challenges associated with using edible insects in pet food, and no studies have yet evaluated the adequacy of these products. This study assessed the nutrient composition and labelling accuracy of twenty-nine commercially available insect-based pet foods. Of these, twenty-four were dog products (four for growth, seventeen for adults, three for all life stages) and five were cat products (two for adults, three for all life stages), all labelled as complete and balanced. The products were analysed for proximate composition, essential amino acids, and mineral content (calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, copper, iron, zinc, selenium, mercury, and molybdenum) according to AOAC guidelines. The results were compared with label declarations, considering nutritional and legal tolerances, as well as recommendations from FEDIAF and NRC for the intended species and life stages (g/1000 kcal ME). Heavy metals were compared to maximum tolerable limits from the FDA. The twenty products labelled as ‘hypoallergenic’ were assessed for animal DNA using next-generation sequencing. The analysis revealed that 22 products (76%) did not comply with declared nutritional values and tolerances for at least one nutrient, with nine products (31%) showing discrepancies in two or more; key issues were in crude fibre and metabolizable energy. Three products (10%) met FEDIAF’s recommendations, and seventeen (59%) met NRC’s recommendations. Only one (3%) adhered to both label and FEDIAF’s recommendations. Most nutritional inadequacies were seen in selenium, calcium, phosphorus, Ca/P ratios, and taurine, potentially posing health risks to pets. Furthermore, fifteen out of twenty (75%) hypoallergenic-labelled products complied with the labelled species. Despite the potential benefits of insect-based pet foods, this study underscores the need for further research and stricter quality control to ensure safety and efficacy, ultimately improving pet nutrition and consumers’ trust.
A Triple Jeopardy Flood Event: Coincident Arrival of the 2022 Tonga Tsunami with a Storm Surge and Meteotsunami on the East Coast of the United States
Authors: Rabinovich Alexander B. , Šepić Jadranka , Medvedev Igor P. , Thomson Richard E.
Published: February 2025

On 26–27 December 2004, a major tsunami, generated by a megathrust earthquake off Sumatra Island, reached the Atlantic Coast of the United States. The arrival of the tsunami coincided with a storm-generated meteotsunami, resulting in a double jeopardy oceanic event. Similar conditions occurred on 15 January 2022, following the eruption of the Tonga-Hunga underwater volcano in the tropical Pacific. The eruption generated atmospheric pressure waves that propagated around the globe several times at roughly the speed of sound. These waves forced pronounced tsunami waves that subsequently impacted the Atlantic Coast of the United States. Almost simultaneously, a deep extratropical cyclone crossed the region on 16–17 January. The cyclone, which had formed over the northern Gulf of Mexico, propagated northeastward as a “bomb cyclone” having a rapid pressure change of 36 hPa (24 h)−1. Strong high-frequency (period < 3 h) atmospheric disturbances accompanied the cyclone. Both the large-scale low and the markedly enhanced atmospheric disturbance reached full strength in the proximity of Atlantic City during the early morning of 17 January. This combination of three hazardous events resulted in a triple jeopardy threat to water levels along the eastern seaboard of the United States, consisting of a cyclone-generated storm surge, a meteotsunami caused by high-frequency atmospheric disturbances, and a tsunami forced by the Tonga air pressure waves. Severe flooding occurred in the Atlantic City region, where sea levels rose by as much as 150 cm above background. Here, we examine the individual properties of the three atmospherically generated processes that gave rise to the cumulatively high sea level response.
Modeling Language Attitudes: Attitudinal Measurements and Linguistic Behavior in Two Bilingual Communities
Authors: Tamburelli Marco , Gruffydd Ianto , Breit Florian , Brasca Lissander
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates whether attitudinal measures can predict usage in two bilingual communities with radically different language policies. We compare 163 participants’ (ages 24–36) rates of spontaneous language usage to two attitudinal measures among Welsh—English and Lombard—Italian bilinguals. Usage rates are found to correlate with Matched Guise Technique status scores for Lombard and to predict solidarity scores for Welsh. A different picture emerges from the Implicit Association Test, with scores correlating with usage for Welsh but not for Lombard. We link these findings to the radically different levels of sociopolitical support associated with the regional/minority languages and the nature of the two attitudinal measures. Our findings suggest that the utility of different attitudinal measures depends partly on sociopolitical circumstances and on the type of association intrinsically addressed in each measure. These have important implications for both the study of language attitudes and research on language vitality.
Is the Total Communication approach effective for children with complex speech, language and communication needs?
Authors: Luckins Jessie , Tongue Georgina , Clegg Judy
Published: February 2025

Total Communication is a collaborative intervention approach delivered by teachers and speech and language therapists (SLTs) to support children with complex speech language and communication needs (SLCN). Total Communication combines the intervention approaches of active learning and support for speech using augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). The AAC consists of signing, and the use of voice output communication aids / speech generating devices (VOCAs / SGDs) and communication boards. This study reports on the evaluation of the effectiveness of this approach to support primary age children with complex SLCN. The study aims to determine if the collaborative Total Communication approach facilitates communication ability. The following questions are asked: does the Total Communication approach increase the communication ability (mean length of utterance, and number of propositions, using any communication mode) of pupils with severe and complex SLCN? Is conducting an evaluation study of a holistic Total Communication approach using single case experimental design (SCED) in a special school context effective? A multiple probe design across participants was used to evaluate Total Communication with three children between 8 and 10 years. Following baseline, the children took part in the Total Communication intervention in a story telling context, via class-based active learning with speech, signing and VOCAs plus communication boards. Probes measured the children's subsequent story re-telling with these communication modes. All participants showed increases in their production of propositions and the mean length of their longest utterances, using a variety of modes of communication. Gains were sustained and generalised. The study shows Total Communication is effective in increasing the communicative ability of children with complex SLCN.
What we know about high-growth firms, and what we do not: A systematic review
Authors: Hamilton Robert T , Ng Poh Yen
Published: February 2025

High-growth firms are at the forefront of academic research and policymaking in support of job creation. This article provides an overview of what we do and do not know about these firms. It is based on a systematic review of 159 papers published in higher-ranked academic journals from 1985 to 2022, supplemented by key papers published subsequently. The growing volume of research is channelled along what are becoming well-worn paths. It has entered a phase of diminishing returns before reaching any consensus on two pivotal questions: What are the antecedents of a high-growth episode, and why are these so short-lived? There is also growing scepticism among scholars on the feasibility and merit of having high-growth firms as a policy focus. It concludes by assessing the field and suggesting new research approaches and methods.
Effect of sensorimotor training on stability, mobility, and quality of life after lower extremity thermal burns: A prospective randomised controlled trial
Authors: Allam Nesma M. , Abdel-Aal Nabil Mahmoud , Ali Khadra M. , Eladl Hadaya Mosaad
Published: February 2025

Objective

To determine the effect of sensorimotor training on stability, balance, mobility, quality of life, and muscle strength after lower extremity and trunk thermal burns.

Design

A prospective, randomised controlled trial.

Setting

Physiotherapy outpatient setting.

Participants

Sixty participants with lower extremity and trunk thermal burns, aged 20–50 years, were randomly allocated to either the Sensorimotor Training group or the Control group.

Intervention

The Sensorimotor Training group received both a sensorimotor training programme and a traditional physiotherapy programme, while the Control group received only the traditional physiotherapy programme. The intervention was applied three days per week for eight weeks.

Outcome measures

The anteroposterior stability index was the primary outcome, while secondary outcomes included the overall stability index, mediolateral stability index, Timed Up and Go Test, Berg Balance Scale, and the Short Form-36 questionnaire, all measured at baseline and after eight weeks.

Results

Significant differences were identified between groups after eight weeks, favouring the Sensorimotor Training group. Mean differences (95% CI) between groups were: −0.89 (−1.23, −0.54) for the anteroposterior stability index; 6.67 (4.48, 8.86) for the Berg Balance Scale; −1.7 (−2.82, −0.59) for the Timed Up and Go Test; 11.22 (7.03, 15.40) for knee extensor torque; and 7.98 (4.62, 11.35) for physical function.

Conclusion

Sensorimotor training, when added to a conventional physiotherapy programme, can significantly improve stability, balance, mobility, quality of life, and muscle strength compared to conventional physiotherapy alone in participants with lower extremity and trunk thermal burns.
Exponential Stabilization of an Euler-Bernoulli Beam by a Heat Equation Involving Memory Effects
Authors: Akil Mohammad , Fragnelli Genni , Ismail Sarah , Özkan Özer Ahmet
Published: February 2025

This study delves into the dynamic behavior of a coupled system comprising an Euler-Bernoulli beam equation and a heat equation with memory, governed by different heat conduction laws. These laws, represented by a parameter [Formula: see text] include the Coleman-Gurtin and Gurtin-Pipkin laws, which uniquely influence the material’s temperature evolution. By formulating a set of partial differential equations along with appropriate boundary and transmission conditions, we lay the groundwork for analyzing the coupled system’s behavior. Our investigation primarily centers on understanding the asymptotic properties of the solution semigroup within the framework of Dafermos history space. We establish exponential stability under both the Coleman-Gurtin and Gurtin-Pipkin heat conduction models by imposing distinct conditions on the relaxation function. The article concludes with a comparison of the two heat conduction laws and a discussion on potential directions for extending this research.
Robot milling tool wear monitoring based on variational autoencoder with multidomain depth features
Authors: Xu Jiawei , Chen Jianguo , Yang Lei , Jiang Wenjuan , Zhou Chang’an , Wang Gang , Zhang Kaixing
Published: February 2025

Due to the open-chain, multilink structure and weak rigidity characteristics of the industrial robots, the stability of their milling process is poor, significantly exacerbating tool wear and breakage. Therefore, this article proposes a tool wear condition monitoring method based on variational autoencoders (VAE) and deep learning neural networks. This method combines unsupervised and supervised learning to analyze the mapping relationship between multidomain features of monitoring signals and tool wear, achieving the monitoring and identification of tool wear conditions. Firstly, a multidomain feature extraction method is proposed to obtain wear characteristics from milling signals. Then, based on the proposed method, VAE is combined with long short-term memory neural networks (LSTM), Transformer encoders integrated with LSTM layers, and bidirectional LSTM neural networks (BiLSTM) to construct three tool wear prediction models: VAE-LSTM, VAE-LSTM-Transformer, and VAE-BiLSTM. These models achieve deep integration of multidomain features and map them to tool wear values. Finally, experiments were conducted to validate the tool wear conditions for both robot milling and traditional machine tool milling. The results show that this method has high prediction accuracy, strong adaptability to changes in milling parameters, and strong compatibility with different milling equipment.