bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HowMachismoGot Its Spurs—in English: Social Science, Cold War Imperialism, and the Ethnicization of Hypermasculinity
Authors: Cowan Benjamin Arthur
Published: October 2017

This article seeks to shift the framework of decades-long debates on the nature and significance ofmachismo, debunking the commonly held notion that the word describes a primordial Iberian and Ibero-American phenomenon. I trace the emergence ofmachismoas an English-language term, arguing that a tradition of unself-consciously ethnocentric scholarship in the 1940s and 1950s enabled the word’s entrance, by the 1960s, into popular sources. In fact,machismowas rather a neologism in Spanish, but midcentury US scholarship presumed the category’s empirical validity and applied to it to perceived problems in the “Latin” world. Much ofmachismo’s linguistic purchase—the reason it has become a global shorthand for hypermasculinity—stemmed from mid to late twentieth-century anxieties about hemispheric security, the Cold War, immigration, and overpopulation, particularly vis-à-vis the United States’ near neighbors, Mexico and Puerto Rico. I have sought out the word’s earliest appearances in various English-language media (books, scholarly articles, newspapers, magazines, and television) and explained how it has long escaped scrutiny as a construct in and of itself. As a result, machismo has resisted the most earnest and well-intentioned of challenges to its scholarly primacy and remains a pathologizing point of departure in approaches to Latin American gender systems.
The Colombia-Israel Nexus: Toward Historical and Analytic Contexts
Authors: Field Les W.
Published: October 2017

Israel’s historical relationships with Argentina, Nicaragua, and Guatemala during the Cold War in the 1980s provides one context for understanding the parameters of Israeli foreign policy in the region. These relationships allied Israel with right-wing military regimes suppressing a variety of subversive others in Argentina and Guatemala, and also a right-wing counterinsurgency in Nicaragua. In the post–Cold War era, the Colombian case is distinctive because conflict is shaped by a number of different armed actors, including the state, right-wing paramilitaries, left-wing insurgents, and the narcotics industries. Israel’s role in the complex Colombian milieu involves relationships with both the state and the parastate, both the military and the paramilitaries. The Israeli and Colombian states are substantively and conceptually intertwined around a common obsession with national security and armed conflict with subversive others of many types. I ask whether a special relationship sutures Israel to Colombia linked to the expanding interventions of paramilitaries and parastate apparatuses. This article provides historical and analytic contexts to elaborate the Colombia-Israel relationship, toward a future in which “peace” may play an important role.
Cambios hasta cierto punto: Segregación residencial y desigualdades económicas en Montevideo (1996–2015)
Authors: Serna Miguel Pablo , González Mora Franco
Published: October 2017

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la dinámica de los procesos de segregación residencial y las desigualdades económicas en la ciudad de Montevideo desde los años 90 hasta la primera década y media de los 2000. En Montevideo en las últimas dos décadas se han registrado avances significativos en la reducción de las desigualdades económicas, a pesar de lo cual, las desigualdades en el espacio urbano no han disminuido en igual medida. Se elabora una metodología de construcción de índices e indicadores cuantitativos de desigualdad y pobreza a través de fuentes estadísticas oficiales (encuestas nacionales a hogares). La evolución de estos indicadores entre los años 1996 y 2015 se observa y compara para diferentes regiones de la ciudad. Éstas surgen de un índice de segregación residencial a partir de información socioeconómica de los hogares a nivel de segmento censal, para esto se utiliza como fuente los censos de población, vivienda y hogares del año 1996. Los principales, indicadores de desigualdad económica considerados son el índice de Gini, la incidencia de la pobreza y los índices de entropía generalizada; también se ensaya un análisis comparativo del valor de la vivienda a nivel de barrios en Montevideo para los años 1996 y 2015 con el fin de identificar áreas que han depreciado o apreciado su valor.
Stress Analysis of Composite Materials Used for Yacht Production Through Solid Work Simulation
Authors: KOCI Mirela
Published: October 2017

In recent years, considerable progress has been made in understanding the characteristic of composite materials and their tailored structures in the marine environment. Processing and production sectors also have received more attention resulting in the potential for the construction of complex, large assemblies capable of withstanding heavy loads. However, the key challenges involved in employing composites for marine applications include the need for optimization of capital expenditure and operating costs of boats, ships and other marine artifact’s constructed using composites. Materials science and composite technology are advancing rapidly, and new composites such as epoxy mixtures including the application of carbon nano tubes are becoming more popular with ever growing concern for high performance marine structures. Indeed, lightness, ease of production, durability and strength enable composites to play a vital role in marine applications. As the Marine sector continues to look at improving efficiency and reducing overall costs, Composite materials will play a huge part in the future of Marine construction. The paper is focused to the static linear simulation of elastic bodies using Solid Works Simulation. Stresses analyses have been developed in the static analyze which provide tools for the linear stress analysis of parts and assemblies loaded by static loads, taking in consideration for the analyze the most stressed part of the bottom, board and desk of the yachts
The impact of training / education on business results and employee satisfaction
Authors: Pržulj Živka , Vještica Olivera Stanišić
Published: October 2017

: This research starts from the existing theoretical assumptions that education is a good investment for the employer and positively affects employee satisfaction. Our intention was to test this hypothesis through appropriate research in Serbia and to identify which factors and to what extent it influences.We started from the fact that HR is a complex process and influenced by various factors. In this context, special attention is paid to the integration of training and education into other HR processes, as one of the most important conditions for influencing business results and employee satisfaction. In doing so, it is especially true that the HRM concept in Serbia has been accepted with great delay and only with the arrival of foreign investors.The main goal of this research is to identify and examine the factors that influence the effects of training/education in the organizational context, and to determine under what conditions education can be an investment rather than an expense. This work is methodologically based on the analysis of the available literature and the results of the research of the authors statistically processed based on the survey on the example of -187 respondents from companies selected by random sample. An appropriate model is presented that in a simple way shows the factors influencing the cost-effectiveness of investment in education/ training.Key words: human rresource management, employee, satisfaction, training, investment, business results
Environment Impact of Ex-Industrial Areas in Laç and Rubik and the Possibilities for Their Functional Transformation- a Comparative Analysis
Authors: Dedaj Xhilda , Papathimiu Sonila
Published: October 2017

Industrial areas in Albania have had an important role for many years during the communist regime, but their industrial function declined after the 1990s. This study focuses on the industrial areas of Laç and Rubik, two small towns in Albania. The closing of some industrial activities in these towns has increased environmental pollution and health issues of their inhabitants due to the release of toxic substances in the territory. There were chosen these two towns to compare because: First, they are near each other and are part of the same District of Lezha; Second, they both are two ex-industrial towns which were created by the establishment of the industry, former Chemical and Metallurgical Combine in Laç and former Copper Plant in Rubik; third, in both towns the industry has caused environmental pollution in their vicinity, but mostly on the waters of Mat river; fourth, after the year 1990, when the industry that created them has stopped functioning, they have good possibilities to develop religious tourism. In both towns are two important and much-visited churches: the Church of St. Ndout, Laç and the Church of Shelbuemi in Rubik. Another reason is the lack of studies for the ex-industrial areas in Albania, especially for Laç and Rubik. The main aim of this study is to identify and assess the levels of pollution caused by ex-industrial building (actually not functioning) on land, air, water, and human health and to find the best way for their effective reuse and functional transformation.
The Effect of Organizational Structure and Ngo-Ngo Relationships on Sustainability in NGOs
Authors: Metin Hasan
Published: October 2017

This study analyses the statistical relation among Sustainability, Organizational Structure and NGO-NGO relationships within the concept of Non-Governmental Organization (NGOs). Sustainability is the dependent variable of the study whereas independent variables are Organizational Structure and NGO-NGO relationships. Sustainability is conceptualized as the survival of the NGOs within the study. Within organizational structure the emphasis is on having either mechanistic or organic structure and finally NGO-NGO relationships refer to the level of closeness to the other NGOs as participation events of the other NGOs, organizing the events together and becoming members of NGO unions like federations and Confederations. Results indicate that both independent variables (Organizational Structure and NGO-NGO relationships) have positive affect on the sustainability of the NGOs. Linear regression has been utilized in order to determine the effect of the independent variables of the study and the dependent variable. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) has been used for the analysis.
An Exploratory Analysis on Entrepreneurial Culture and Financial Education Between Students of the Veracruzana University, Veracruz Region
Authors: Betancourt Ignacio Ortiz
Published: October 2017

Entrepreneurial culture and financial education have become two of the most relevant issues on the international agenda, since they are considered as elements in favor of the efficient use of financial resources, as well as they are important for the identification of opportunities which favor the development of self-employment projects, contributing to local economic growth. Nevertheless, Mexican financial authorities note that there is an environment with gaps and deficiencies in terms of financial education, which is more evident among the rural population and sectors of lower education and socioeconomic level, causing inefficient use of resources and a poor culture of financial management, which undoubtedly compromises the stability of most Mexican families. In addition, this lack of financial education has a negative impact on the development of entrepreneurial projects, generating greater economic and social problems, taking into account that entrepreneurship is a mechanism that contributes to the creation of jobs and encourages economic growth. Based on these premises, this study aims to identify the level of entrepreneurial culture and financial education among Universidad Veracruzana students, through a descriptive and exploratory analysis; results shown a high level of entrepreneurial culture and a medium level of financial education but a weak positive correlation among them.
Certificate of Ethics in Accounting and Professional Independence of Accountants
Authors: Voss Grażyna
Published: October 2017

Ethical standards in accounting constitute an important element in the functioning of economic entities and in presenting reliable financial information used by all stakeholders when taking important decisions. In order to analyse the issue of using accounting ethics, a survey which indicated the determinants of unethical behaviour and the possibilities for improving the situation in terms of their observing and ways of strengthening their independence was conducted. Following the study, a concept of implementing an account books certificate which estimates their accuracy in the legal and ethical aspects was formulated.
Insurance Sector Analysis in Turkey: An Empirical Study
Authors: Metin Hasan , Llapi Gjylbehare , Muja Armend
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this study is to comprehend the statistical relation between the amount of turnover produced by an employee in insurance companies in Turkey, used as a dependent variable. Whereas, the independent variables are three.The first independent variable is the ratio of number of staff horldiong a Bachelor (BA) over the number of all employees of each insurance company. The second independent varaible is the ratio of the number of sales department crew over number of all employees of each insurance company. The third independent variable is the ratio of number of male salespeople over the number of all sales department of each insurance company. Results indicate that the ratio of the number of male sales department crew over the number of all employees of each insurance company has a negative effect on the average turnover produced by one employee. Moreover, the ratio of number of male salespeople over the number of all sales department of each insurance company is found to have positive effect on the dependent variable. Lastly, the ratio of the number of staff holding a BA degree over the number of all employees of each insurance company has no significant effect on the dependent variable.This study also provides a summary of the basic terms of the concept of insurance and risk. Considering that the profitability is a very crucial issue for the insurance sector as for all other sectors, the profitability ratios of the insurance companies for the last 10 years are provided and analyzed within the study.
Accountancy Performance and Achievement (Accountancy Development Index), Case of Albania
Authors: ZENUNI Brisejda RAMAJ , MITI Mirela UJKANI
Published: October 2017

The transparency and quality of audits performed by professional accountants and auditors are of crucial importance for the functioning of the global financial infrastructure. Over de last decade, more and more auditors were confronted with the globalization of their clients and became so-called group auditors responsible for the overall quality of the audit engagement even if other auditors in other jurisdictions may be involved. It goes without saying that auditors around the globe do not work in the same environment, do not have to comply with the same rules and regulations and do not have the same level of education before they can apply for an audit license. The qualification, education, training and experience of professional accountants and auditors are of crucial importance for the functioning of the global financial infrastructure. A wide range of stakeholders, including regulators and standard setters, professional accountancy organizations and accountancy firms as well as issuers of financial reports and users of accounting services depend on their professional expertise. The Evaluation of the situation of accountancy education with its components of qualification, education and training in selected countries and Ballcan compared with the requirements of the IES. The status of accountancy education with its components of qualification, education and training in Albania (Accountancy Development Index). The (ADI) illustrates how adoption and implementation of international standards can be visualized for all pillars of the global financial infrastructure and how separate pillar scores can be used to clarify results at the sub-pillar or milestone level.
Financing of Social Services Towards the Challenges of the Local and Regional Development
Authors: Opałka Benedykt
Published: October 2017

The research focuses on the changes in financing of social services at regional and local level in a market economy in Poland. The important problems are also efficiency issues which can be implemented in public sector entities in the process of supporting social and economic development. In the study there were applied analytical methods relating to the gathered empirical data and research methods related to determining the real impact of the self-government units on the processes of socio-economic development. The key part of the text is analysis of the empirical source data regarding financial potential and directions of expenditures of self-government. Previous research results showed that the development of social services in a market economy in Poland was mainly the result of activities the entities and agencies of the public sector, whose role was to support and stimulate the development. As a challenge for the future it can be indicated strengthening the cooperation with entities of the third sector and sharing the responsibility both for the economic processes and social problems.
Adapting New Approaches in Quality Assurance Measurement from the Beneficiary Perspective in Kosovo Higher Education
Authors: Gallopeni Bujar , Llapi Gjylbehare
Published: October 2017

. Understanding clients’ needs and adapting the qualitative provision of services has always been a challenge for higher education institutions, particularly in a reforming education context. In a competitive higher education provision, the overall student satisfaction goes beyond a qualitative education, but including also other important aspects, such as catering, study environment, administration and other important issues. The aim of this study was to adapt new tools for quality assurance in higher education in Kosovo from a comprehensive satisfaction perspective. Internal consistency and inter-theme correlations were examined as a form of questionnaire standardization in an Albanian sample of students. In general, most of examined themes showed moderate to high internal consistency. In addition, almost all themes (in exception of one) showed significant correlations among each other. The study further discusses methodological approaches from a piloting study phase, as well as further research prospects.
Moldova’s Phenomenon: Can Foreign Investments Help Out of the Poverty Circle?
Authors: PÎŞCHINA Tatiana , Fortuna Romeo
Published: October 2017

The aim of this paper is to further develop findings on the forces of globalization, which, in a positive and in a negative manner affect economic growth of various nations worldwide, both creating opportunities and posing challenges whilst deepening inequalities between developed and developing economies. The dilemma of global growth is pressing and especially relevant for the economies that currently lack economic quality, which makes them vulnerable to what this paper coins the 'vicious circle' of poverty. The findings in this study interpret changes in economic structure overtime based on the results of the analysis of quantitative and qualitative indicators of growth of national and international relevance. The case study of Moldova is expanded from author’s previous contributions to demonstrate a few of the possible alternatives to create and sustain economic growth with quality, even in conditions of globalization obviously hazardous for this small economy. The paper shows how the emphasis on innovations and appropriate policies is supposed to make up for the lack of other key resources available to the developed industrial economies. It takes up an important instrument of foreign investments to demonstrate how and in what way those can be used for economic restructuring towards innovation-driven growth. It inquires how such approach will create competitive advantages helping the developing economies to break out of the ‘poverty circle’ towards qualitative economic growth. Among other considerations, the paper concludes on the importance of capturing the opportunities presented by the ongoing Fourth Industrial Wave, which, if approached correctly, may help many nations to ‘leapfrog’ through several stages of the structural ladder, enabling them to pursue qualitative economic growth. This article is interesting for businesses, including entrepreneurs and potential investors, as well as for the governmental organizations and public authorities. It provides both an evaluation of Moldova's position on the international socio-economic arena in context of globalization, and suggests action-points and recommendations potentially supporting the growth of the private sector, at the same time fighting poverty and enforcing sustainable economic growth.
Do Macro-Economic and Technical Indicators Matter?- a Principal Component Analysis Approach for Equity Risk Premium Prediction
Authors: Ul Hassan Naveed , Aziz Bilal , Mushtaq Maryam
Published: October 2017

Equity risk premium contains the property of reflecting the fundamental judgments of individuals regarding risk that might exists in the economic market and the price associated with that risk. For ERP forecasting, attention is also devoted to technical indicators apart from the macro-economic variables. A set of 14 technical and 14 macro-economic variables is selected for this purpose and based on a standard predictive regression framework; all forecasts are generated by regressing ERP on a constant and a lag of macro-economic or technical indicator. It is found that as compared to macro-economic variables technical indicators provide better indications about ERP estimates. By using National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) data of business cycle expansion and recessions, relative strength of ERP predictability is also investigated and it is found more than twice for recessions as compare to expansions.
Bitcoins within Georgia’s Money Laundering Scheme
Authors: Mikeladze Aleksandre
Published: October 2017

Bitcoins’ technology brings a new level of innovation to business and communication across the world. However, the advantages of a virtual currency payment system face the threat from criminal activities occurring over a pseudonymous network where there is virtually no current regulation to cover illegal transactions. The current situation in Georgia is as follows: the second Bitcoin’s processing datacenter has opened in Georgia. While the virtual money is new even in developed countries, more unusual it is for Georgia, where local economists are more skeptical toward cryptocurrency. Therefore, they believe that electronic money is not controlled by any central bank that gives a lot of opportunities for illegal transactions. According to the Georgian experts, bitcoin is a very risky currency that can be used for money laundering, as it is completely uncontrolled. However, the Georgian central bank system claims that bitcoins are not dangerous, and the lack of awareness gives rise to talk about money laundering. The biggest challenge seems to be regulation of Bitcoin without hindering the potential for growth. While there is usually certainly a chance that Bitcoin could fail or be pushed out of existence by a more innovative technology, policymakers must be careful not to hinder a technology that could change the way global economy functions.
The Impact on Unemployment of Social Security Contributions: the Empiricial Analysis in Turkey
Authors: Giray Filiz , Çınar Mehmet
Published: October 2017

Social security contributions are important public incomes after taxes in OECD countries. Beside, social security contributions as a mean of the finance of social security system is a determiner on the main macroeconomic factors such as savings, employment, the cost of employment, the level of shadow economy, economic growth, competitiveness and income inequality. Employment has been important policy goals in Turkey like many OECD countries during recent decades. High unemployment rate is a serious problem for countries. Effecting negatively labor market, high burden of social security contributions causes low level of employment. The aim of this study is to find the relationship between social security contributions and unemployment for Turkey. Therefore, we can evaluate whether reducing social security contributions is a way reducing of unemployment or not. We use time series data during period 1965-2015. The research methodology is based on an analysis of indicators as unemployment rate, social security contributions as percentage of GDPs, the percentage of total tax revenues. Unit root test is non-stationary for social security contributions. On the other hand, unemployment is stationary for related period. The long run relationship between variables was tested by ARDL bound test approach. Based on the sample results, there is a long run cointegration between social security contributions and unemployment rate (both as percentage of GDP and percentage of taxation).
Managers in The Development of Higher Education in The Republic of Kosovo
Authors: Nallbani Shqiponja
Published: October 2017

Higher education in the modern world considered specific instrument that promotes the economic development of any country and therefore considered as factors that stimulates productivity and economic efficiency. Practices prove that not every investment in the higher education sector in economic development automatically convert. Even in Kosovo, despite the investment in the system in this segment which continues to be poor and without any progress in development. It is derived insufficient qualified people if at the same time is not reached to create infrastructure, institutions, legislation and motivation system on the concept of professional career. Harmonization of these segments and create the necessary synergy educated and skilled people that entered the market certainly qualitatively affect economic development. From this angle the modern direction of Universities is one of the elements of success for socioeconomic development. Higher Education system in Kosovo continues to face fundamental problems which continually degrade this segment. Evidenced most notably the inability of internal quality assurance, lack of legislation on the management of the university profile and lack of human resources for this feature. To prove this we analyzed a series of theories about the ways and models of successful management. These have compared the empirical data that emerged from the statistical survey. Indubitably it emerged that the current role of managers in universities is not compatible with social needs and expectations of university employees. Based on these data we have learned that the opinion and expectations of academics is that the direction of the university depends on a combined approach rector menxheriale-academic executive elements respectively. Further, by reliable research has proven that a successful rector except combined approach academic and managerial anyway should also be equipped with additional knowledge in order to be on the needs of social cohesion. Keywords: higher education, university, management, direction, rector, performance
Language Teacher Education: Identities Under Construction
Authors: Barbosa Selma Maria Abdalla Dias
Published: October 2017

This ethnographic and longitudinal study is aimed at investigating, analyzing and understanding the complex process of professional, social and cultural identity (re)construction of pre-service teachers in a Teacher Education Course at a Federal University in the extreme north of Brazil. The pre-service teacher’s narratives were investigated through a qualitative approach. The narratives were collected from these students-teachers during the four semesters of their supervised internship class in their undergraduate course, as well as the interactions they posted in the Community of Practice - CdP - and discussed in thematic sessions accomplished during the process of investigation.
Rural Revitalization and the Village Institutes Experience in Turkey (1940-1954)
Authors: Türkmen İsmet
Published: October 2017

This research evaluate on the Village Institutes experience in Turkey from the early 1940s to the 1950s. There is now a new interest in the organization and functioning of the “Village Institutes” which were in operation in Turkey. This study purpose is to describe how the Village Institutes were created, how they were organized and functioned, and what were the results of this experiment partly built on the precedent of the urban normal schools. Finally, a new theoretical interpretation is offered within a critique of existing, widely-held explanations that have dominated the theoretical literature on the issue for so long.
Combating Overweight and Obesity among School Children and Adolescents through Student Counselling in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alotaibi Turki
Published: October 2017

Overweight and obesity are health problems that can affect many children and adolescents around the world. The literature has identified that the prevalence of overweight and obesity is high in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Saudi Arabia) in children and adolescents attending schools in Saudi Arabia. Student counselling practices can be a cost effective way to help students to deal with overweight and obesity in Saudi schools. The aim of the study was to conduct an evidence-based review of the literature in order to suggest new approaches to applying student counselling services and programmes in order to directly combat overweight and obesity in schools in Saudi Arabia. The study used a non-empirical review of the literature on overweigh and obesity and on student counselling in the United Kingdom and Saudi Arabia. The study argues that in theory student counsellors in schools in Saudi Arabia are ideally placed to help to directly address and reduce the existing high prevalence of overweight and obesity in youths and adolescents attending schools in Saudi Arabia. This could be done using a combination of dietary interventions and counselling methods. The research study concludes that student counselling in schools in Saudi Arabia could potentially be used to directly help to combat and reduce levels of overweight and obesity among school children and adolescents in the long term.
Literary Creation: Insights from Sanskrit Literary Critics
Authors: Bhatta Panduranga Charanbailu
Published: October 2017

All aspects of literary creation, from creation to expression, have been recorded with perceptive insights and in minute detail by the renowned Sanskrit literary critics. The main topics dealt with by these critics are: the definition and classification of literary creation, viz., poetry, prose, drama etc; the figures of speech (alamkaras), the sentiments (rasas), literary merits and defects (gunas and doshas), style (ritis), and purpose (prayojana). They discuss important ingredients of literary creation such as creative talent (pratibha), erudition (vyutpatti) and practice (abhyasa), the problem of coincidence (samvada), inexhaustible resources, etc. A great literary creation is one that has great imageries, natural descriptions, exquisite miniatures, precious maxims and keen observations of men and matter, besides revealing deep understanding of human character. It exhibits precise phrasing, proportion and restraint, delicacy, sensitiveness, and above all, a profound suggestiveness. Sanskrit literary critics’ views on the relative importance of word and sense in literary creation, their concept of poetry which has spontaneous expression of a deeply felt emotion as its essence, their appeal to make new literary creation, their views on what is essential for literary creation-all these are very valuable contributions towards literary creation. The main purpose of this paper is to help budding literary creators in any language irrespective of time and place by providing new insights.
The Cyprus Peace Talks at Mont Pelerin (7-11 and 20-21 November 2016) and the Greek Cypriot Press: The Positions of Cypriot Newspapers Alithia, Politis and Haravgi
Authors: Antoniades Euripides
Published: October 2017

This text is based on research aiming to record the period of negotiations at Mont Pèlerin, Switzerland between the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot community in November 2016. Articles from three newspapers (Alithia, Politis and Haravgi) were studied, with an emphasis on political coverage regarding the negotiations. The choice of newspapers was based on the fact that they have been around for many decades, they have a different ideological orientation and they have contributed to the modern history of Cyprus. Moreover, they all have a full electronic archive of their issues which makes it easy to access and study the articles.The overarching aim is to understand the efforts to solve the Cyprus problem through the recent negotiations in Switzerland and to examine the positions of the Cypriot press regarding this thorny and crucial issue over which the Republic of Cyprus has been agonising for more than forty years.
Evaluation of Landscape Change Using Remote Sensing: A Case Study of Burdur Lake Basin
Authors: Benliay Ahmet
Published: October 2017

Georeferenced satellite images can be used for acquisition of topographic information, navigation and visualisation for various environmental studies. The objectives of this study were to determine land use and land cover changes and describe local landscape characteristics in the Burdur Lake Basin. Analyses were carried out using remotely sensed data. The topography of the land has been determined using GlobalDEM data of ASTER satellite with a resolution of 15 m. With this data, ArcMap 10.3 ArcHydro plugin was used to identify the basin of Burdur Lake and it was accepted as the boundary of the study. LT51790341987245 (02 August 1987) and LT51790342011254 (11 August 2011) coded Landsat TM satellite images have been used in the study. For the orthorectification, a digital elevation model (DEM) with an RMS accuracy of ca. 3.5 m, and for classifications 100 selected ground control points (GCPs) measured with differential GPS were used. Land uses identified with classified satellite images are analyzed in a spatial and proportional manner in a total study area of 3.361,56 km2. The changes in land cover are compared with each other and have been evaluated in terms of landscape change. Population growth, rising water consumption for agricultural and domestic purposes and building dams has led to water surfaces declining from 208,71 km2 to 155,42 km2. Also analyses show that the landscape had been dominated by a mixture of urban and cultivated land, and became more homogenous and aggregated in in 24 years.
Comparison Between the Reality of Higher Education in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq Before and After the Fall of the Regime in Iraq in 2003
Authors: Baban Ezzadin. N. M.Amin , Rashid Rezan O.
Published: October 2017

In this study, a comparison between the realities of higher education in the three largest universities in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq has been done before the fall of the Iraqi regime in 2003 and beyond. The statistical results of analyzed of more than 2000 sample data showed tangible and clear changes of the higher education reality toward the better of about 70% after the fall of the Iraqi regime in 2003. These changes are related to the openness of these universities toward the foreign universities of the world especially the European universities. Many professors and students of these universities contacted to the foreign universities to conduct joint research and take advantage of new experiences of professors of these foreign universities and using the new technology in teaching enhanced learning and scientific research, in addition to the using of new references such as journals and books. As well as the improved economic situation in the Region from a low level to the moderate level improved higher education by 20%, especially after the entry of many investment companies to the region and improved infrastructure and accessibility delegations to the region through the newly built airports.
‘Positive Obligations’ Doctrine of the European Court of Human Rights: Is it Cogent or Obscure?
Authors: Güler Tuğba Sarıkaya
Published: October 2017

Over the last half century, positive obligations jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) has been playing a pivotal role in sculpting European Human Rights system. There is, however, some potential for disagreement on whether it is an effective and well-established doctrine or not. On the one hand, the activeness of the ECtHR brings about some practical benefits in order to keep out with new societal context, but on the other, unique tensions (e.g., underestimation of state’s margin of discretion, increasing burden on state, inconsistencies and uncertainties of verdicts) in the implementation of that doctrine give rise to anxieties about its cogency. Since this issue is quite multifaceted, this paper aims to elucidate in what ways positive obligations doctrine is justified and to what extent it has been deliberate while deriving positive obligations regarding Article 2. At the end, it asserts that without positive obligations doctrine, the Convention might be outmoded and ineffective. However, despite some immature aspects of it, the Court at least strived to dynamically interpret the Convention thanks to this doctrine. For this reason, it is claimed that considering existing and possible benefits of that doctrine, common legitimization for the judicial creativity of the ECtHR might be assured in foreseeable future.
The European Union as a Normative Power on the Example of the EU-Turkey Relations
Authors: Liszkowska Dominika
Published: October 2017

The aim of this study is to analyze the normative power of the European Union in the relations with Turkey and to answer the question: is the normative power of the European Union effective in relations with Turkey? The work consists of three parts. In the first one, the author analyzes the concept of the European Union as a normative power. The second part is a historical analysis of the relationship between the EU and Turkey. The last part is an analysis of current relations between the European Union (as a Normative Power) and Turkey. The analysis is based on EU’s documents.
The Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
Authors: Haldız Ayse Cebecioglu
Published: October 2017

An Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) was adopted by the UN General Assembly on 10 December 2008 and it came into force on 5 May 2013. The protocol gives individuals the right to raise complaints about violations of their rights which are enshrined by the covenant. Although, an optional protocol regulating the complaint procedure for its sister treaty, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, was entered into force in 1976, it was postponed for ICESCR until 2013 because of the historic debate discussing whether these rights are justiciable or not. This division between the treaties left the protection of the ESCR in the background. This essay will analyse the extent to which the protocol resolved the historical concerns about the protection of economic, social and cultural rights under international human rights law.
Reflections on the Environmental Impact Assessment Processes in Turkey
Authors: Evcimen Oltan
Published: October 2017

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process is a procedure that the environmental impacts of decisions on people, fauna and flora, soil, weather, climate, land, cultural heritage, etc. are taken into account before the decisions are made. Moreover, the EIA process has gradually been evolved to cover social aspects. However, Turkish legislation and implementation of EIA process seem to have significant problems when it comes to assessment of decisions on social aspects. This article will offer a critical account on the EIA process in Turkey with regard to the analysis of social impacts. The study will especially focus on whether the EIA reports in Turkey deal with the medium and long-term social impacts of the decisions in real terms and whether these reports have practical benefits in decision making processes. Moreover, the author will specifically ask whether EIA reports in Turkey assess the investments in terms of usefulness and sustainability. The main argument in this study is that those significant merits of the EIA process directly depend on the strength, efficiency and applicability of democratic participation mechanisms.
Technological Change in Turkish Manufacturing Industry: The Case of Gaziantep City
Authors: KALELİOGLU Mehmet Ragıp
Published: October 2017

:Ensuring competition in global economy, the production of high value products within the country and the reduction of current budget deficit; in other words, increasing the output of industries manufacturing intermediate goods and end products, which have high import dependency, are major targets of Turkey. The state of technological infrastructure of manufacturing industry in the country as well as the process of change that the industry undergoes are essential for the realization of these targets. New technologies play an important role in the competitiveness and economic development of cities, region and the country in the international market. In particular, the use of new technologies in manufacturing industry and companies’ capacity for innovation are prerequisites for businesses to enter a tougher competition in the global economy as well as for cities and countries to persevere on the larger scale. In this respect, the main purpose of this study is to examine the technological transformation of the manufacturing industry in Gaziantep, which is positioned in the top five among Turkey's exports and employs a considerable work force, in comparison to the technological change experienced by the manufacturing industry in Turkey. In the study, the technological level of manufacturing industry in Turkey and the technological change process of manufacturing industry in Gaziantep are presented between 2009-2016 with key indicators. The findings of this study reveal that the current level of technology the city of Gaziantep manufacturing industry has had is far behind the level Turkish manufacturing industry has reached.
Identifying the Influential Factors on Social Impact Assessment of Reconstruction Projects in Historic Site - A Case Study on Jameh Mosque Street, Yazd, Iran
Authors: Tighsazzadeh Mohammad Nasir
Published: October 2017

Social impact assessment (SIA) is a process that provides a framework for gathering and analyzing information to determine intended and unintended social consequences of changes and developmental interventions on human environment. This assessment that emphasize on social and cultural issues, is more important in historic site that have more tangible social role than the new parts of the city and these areas should preserved by planning and subsequent evaluations due to their cultural heritage value. The aim of this paper that evaluated social impacts of reconstruction project of Jameh Mosque Street of Yazd city in Iran when it came into operation, is identify specific indicators for SIA in historic site through the use of general indicators and matching SIA process to the historical and cultural context of the heritage site. In order to achieve this goal, the research is based on SIA approach also descriptive and inferential statistics and focus group methodology were used to analyze the environment data. Hypotheses and measuring variables tested by analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and qualitative analysis with domain matrix. Accordingly, the estimation and selection of the effects of the project and its prioritization are based on some factors such as the importance and degree of feasibility that have different result in heritage site than the new urban areas. Finally, an operational framework and some strategic suggestions were made to improving the general process of SIA to use in heritage site and maximizing the efficiency of similar projects in every historic areas which leads to the consent of stakeholders.
Hubungan antara Motivasi dan Efikasi Diri dengan Hasil Ujian Pemeriksaan Fisik Mahasiswa DIII Kebidanan
Authors: Agustina Ika
Published: October 2017

Mahasiswi kebidanan kurang mempunyai motivasi dan kepercayaan diri. Padahal kedua hal tersebut merupakan hal terpenting yang harus dimiliki oleh mahasiswi kebidanan sebagai bekal saat ujian karena mahasiwi ini calon bidan yang nantinya akan menjadi pelayan kesehatan masyarakat khususnya wanita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara motivasi dan efikasi diri dengan hasil ujian pemeriksaan fisik. Subjek dan metode desain penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang (cross-sectional). Jumlah sampel 34 mahasiswa DIII Kebidanan STIKes Patria Husada Blitar dengan teknik pengambilan sampel total sampling. Variabel independent terdiri dari motivasi dan efikasi diri. Variabel dependent penelitian ini adalah hasil ujian pemeriksaan fisik. Data dianalisis dengan analisis regresi linier ganda. Hasil : 1) Ada hubungan positif dan secara statistik signifikan antara motivasi dengan hasil ujian pemeriksaan fisik (b=0.35; CI 95% 0.043 s.d. 0.65; p = 0.027). 2) Ada hubungan positif dan secara statistik signifikan antara efikasi diri dengan hasil ujian pemeriksaan fisik (b = 0.44, CI 95% 0.17 s.d. 0.71; p = 0.003).Kesimpulan ada hubungan positif dan secara statistik signifikan antara motivasi dan efikasi diri dengan hasil ujian pemeriksaan fisik mahasiswa kebidanan DIII STIKes Patria Husada Blitar.
El valor razonable en la contabilidad de los instrumentos financieros. Análisis desde una perspectiva histórica
Authors: Morales Díaz José
Published: October 2017

El objetivo del presente artículo se centra en analizar si, desde finales del siglo XIX hasta el presente, ha existido algún momento en el tiempo en el que haya habido un modelo contable de instrumentos financieros (Modelo de Coste, Modelo Mixto o Modelo de Valor Razonable Total) que haya alcanzado plena "legitimidad" en alguna de las dimensiones establecidas siguiendo los principios enunciados por Suchman (1995).

La principal contribución que queremos lograr es obtener nuevas evidencias sobre la conveniencia de aplicar el Modelo de Valor Razonable completo a la contabilidad de los instrumentos financieros.  Hemos descubierto que, incluso en el período de los años 40 a los 70, en el que el Modelo de Coste prevaleció de manera clara en las prácticas contables, muchos investigadores e instituciones continuaron defendiendo el uso del valor razonable. En ese período podría incluso hablarse de legitimidad del Modelo de Coste, pero simplemente desde un punto de vista pragmático, considerando su origen y continuidad. Se observan igualmente aspectos morales relacionados con la prevención de otra crisis financiera. Hoy en día, podemos decir que el Modelo Mixto está plenamente establecido en las prácticas contables, pero carece de una legitimidad total, conclusión avalada por las críticas de los propios organismos reguladores, el IASB y el FASB.