bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Some Language Extension of Logic MR: A Semantic and Tableau Approach
Authors: Jarmużek Tomasz , Parol Aleksander
Published: January 2021

O pewnym językowym rozszerzeniu logiki MR: podejście semantyczne i tabelau

W artykule przedstawiamy rozszerzenie minimalnej, normalnej logiki pozycyjnej, czyli logiki z operatorem realizacji. Logika pozycyjna to logika filozoficzna, która umożliwia odniesienie zdań do kontekstów, które można rozumieć na wiele sposobów. Wzbogacamy podstawowy język minimalnej logiki pozycyjnej o dodatkowe wyrażenia zbudowane z predykatów i stałych pozycyjnych. Akceptujemy również wyrażenia zbudowane z operatorem realizacji oraz wiele pozycji, takich jak:

Dzięki temu zwiększyliśmy wyrazistość minimalnej logiki pozycyjnej. W artykule wskazujemy na wiele przykładów na to, że dzięki tej niewielkiej zmianie mogą powstać złożone teorie oparte na proponowanym rozszerzeniu. Jako teorię dowodu dla naszej logiki zakładamy metody tableau, pokazujące twierdzenia o poprawności i zupełności. Na koniec jednak pokazujemy, że badana tutaj logika jest tylko rozszerzeniem językowym MR: wszystkie twierdzenia o przedłużeniu mają swoje odpowiedniki w czystych twierdzeniach MR. Jednak teorie oparte na proponowanym rozszerzeniu mogą wyrazić znacznie więcej niż teorie oparte na czystej MR.
A Survey of Iranian Retracted Publications Indexed in PubMed
Authors: MANSOURZADEH Mohammad Javad , GHAZIMIRSAEID Javad , MOTAMEDI Nadia , NAJAFI Ali , ABDULLAHI ABUBAKAR Auwal , DEHDARIRAD Hossein
Published: January 2021

Background: Retraction is a mechanism for correcting the literature and a warning for readers in relation to publications that contain serious flaws or erroneous data. As a result of growth and development of Iranian publications in the last two decades, that brings unethical behavior of researchers led to retraction of their publications. We aimed to investigate Iranian retracted publications indexed in PubMed database.
Methods: All Iranian retracted publications published in PubMed up to Dec 2017 have been retrieved. Bibliographic information of retracted publications, retraction notice, time lag between article publication date and the date of retraction notice, reasons of retraction, Issuer of retraction and acknowledge information of retracted publication were recorded. Additionally, citation data of retracted publications before 2013 were analyzed.
Results: Overall, 164 Iranian retracted publications were identified. Meantime lag was 20.8 months. "Islamic Azad University" and "Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)" were two affiliations that have received highest number of retracted publications. The most issuer of retraction publications was editor-in-chief and the most mentioned reasons for retractions were authorship issues, plagiarism, and redundant publication. Thirtythree (20.12%) publications have received funds from various agencies. Citation study of retracted publications indicates that these publications have received 789 citations (Citation per publication=11.6).
Conclusion: Although Iranian retracted publications represent small portion of all Iranian publications, but the number of retracted publications has increased. More than half of retracted publications have had authorship issues and plagiarism that requires more attention to research ethics authorities.
The Cross-talk Relationship between Metformin and Gut Microbiota
Authors: Mirghani Hyder O.
Published: January 2021

Background: Metformin is the first-line oral therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, its mode of action is poorly defined. There is an increasing awareness regarding the cross talk of gut microbiota and metformin. The current review aimed to assess the bidirectional relationship between metformin and gut microbiota. Methods: Electronic search was conducted in Pub Med and the first 100 articles in Google Scholar published until November 2019. However, only randomized controlled trials on humans published in the English language were included.  The terms “gut microbiota,” “gut flora "and “ metformin” were as keywords to perform the search. Although 124 articles were retrieved, only six met the inclusion criteria of the study. Results: Of the six full texts of randomized controlled trials included in the study, two-thirds were published in Europe, one in the USA, and one in China. Six hundred-thirty five patients were included and the duration of the studies ranged from seven days to six months. The studies concluded that microbiota modulates some metformin actions on plasma glucose; while metformin enhances the abundance of microbiota that positively affect insulin resistance and plasma glucose. Conclusion: The current review showed that microbiota dysbiosis may mediate metformin antidiabetic effects. Whereas metformin shifted the gut microbiota toward the beneficial species ameliorating insulin resistance. The present study might provide insights into a novel therapeutic approach to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Key words: gut microbiota, metformin, type 2 diabetes
Treatment of Acute Bronchiolitis in a Resource-limited Setting in Port Sudan City: A simple Effective Regimen
Authors: Hassan Suhair Abdelrahim Osman
Published: January 2021

Background: Bronchiolitis is an acute lower respiratory viral infection, caused by the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in 60–85% of cases and other respiratory viruses in remaining ones. It is the leading cause of hospitalization for infants and toddlers during the winter and early spring months. At the moment, there is no consensus on its treatment worldwide. The prevalence is increasing in port Sudan eastern Sudan, while we have no admission policy or a unified management protocol. Therefore, the aim of this study is: (1) to formulate an admission policy and a new simple management protocol; (2) to determine the factor(s) that increased the prevalence in port Sudan as a secondary objective; and (3) to compare the outcome in the study (119 infants) and historical (135 infants) groups concerning the hospitalization length and death rate as a primary objectives.
Method: This is a hospital-based, controlled clinical trial (CCT) study, demographic data were collected by a questionnaire, and data were analyzed manually. Severity criteria for acute bronchiolitis are defined. A management guideline was defined and applied to bronchiolitis cases (119 case) with intention to treat, from October to April each year (2013–2015). All infants aged between 1 and 23 months with only acute bronchiolitis were included, while cases with bronchiolitis and associated dysmorphic features, heart disease, tracheo-oesophageal fistula, other respiratory diseases, other morbidities, infants below one month or above two years were excluded from this study. The outcome was compared to a group of matched infants with bronchiolitis (135 cases) who received antibiotics, B2 agonist, and steroids, between October and April of years 2011–2012.
Results: While several new lifestyle factors increased the prevalence, the new guidelines decreased the admission rate (9.6 vs 5.7 mo), is simple and effective, less expensive, and the duration of hospitalization also reduced (p = 0.04).
Key words:
 acute bronchiolitis, resource-limited settings, advanced respiratory intervention, simple effective intervention,S-7Pro3NO regimen
MILLENNIAL MOMS: THE INFLUENCE OF FATHER INVOLVEMENT TO MARITAL WELL BEING AND ITS IMPACT ON EMOTIONAL SELF-DISCLOSURE IN SOCIAL MEDIA
Authors: Setyastuti Yuanita , Seminar Jenny Ratna , Hadisiwi Purwanti , Zubair Feliza
Published: January 2021

Purpose of the study: This study aims to describe the influence of millennial moms' perceptions about father involvement of parenting and household tasks to her marital well-being and its impact on her emotional self-disclosure (ESD) about parenting in social media.

Methodology: This study was a quantitative approach to online survey methods. The subjects are moms born in 1978-1994, have young children and social media users. The online survey distributed to 450 millennial mothers used Emotional Self Disclosure (ESD) Scale and Marital Well Being scale, including Marital Satisfaction, Marital Conflict, Parenting Stress, and Depression. Data analysis used path analysis through Smart PLS.

Main Findings: The results show that mother perception of the father's involvement influences millennial moms' marital well-being and impact on Millennial moms' Emotional Self Disclosure (ESD) about Parenting in Social Media. The higher the millennial moms' perception of the father's involvement in parenting and household tasks, the higher their marital well-being. The higher the millennial mom's marital well-being, the less their Emotional Self Disclosure (ESD) about Parenting in Social Media.

Applications of this study: This study is important and useful because it shows how important a husband's involvement in family so millennial family could escalate husband involvement in parenting and household task to maintain the marital well-being. This result also proves the importance of managing social media content because it can indicate marital well being.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The findings of this study provide new evidence that emotional self-disclosure shown on social media suggests a person's marital well-being. Also new provide that mother perceptions about husband's involvement influence marital well-being.
MULTIFACETED FEMINIST PERSPECTIVES: INTERPRETING MILK AND HONEY BY RUPI KAUR
Authors: Deka Trishna
Published: January 2021

Purpose of the study: This study attempts to explore the multiple aspects of feminist perspectives in milk and honey by Rupi Kaur.

Methodology: This study is description through analysis. Gaze theory, concepts like ‘écriture féminine’ and objectification are applied as a medium of the theoretical framework. Secondary sources are used for analyzing the chosen topic.

Main findings: The study shows that the poetry of Kaur (n.d.) in milk and honey amalgamates multiple aspects of feminism. Although a reading of feminist ideologies in literary works is not a new research area, yet the merger of many issues of feminism in the same collection of poetry is quite impressive.

Social implications/Applications: The study contributes towards being familiar with the movements of feminism in the digital age. It highlights how the feminist perspective in the digital age has pioneered a unique way of presentation.

The novelty of the study: The novelty of the study lies in the way it reconnoiters the various feminist thoughts intertwined together in the poems of the same collection.
VOCABULARY DEPTH KNOWLEDGE AND ACADEMIC READING COMPREHENSION OF BUSINESS EFL UNDERGRADUATES: A CORRELATIONAL DESIGN STUDY
Authors: Hasan Md. Kamrul , Ibna Seraj Prodhan Mahbub , Chakma Mekhala
Published: January 2021

Purpose of the study: An in-depth investigation of vocabulary depth knowledge by lexical researchers plays an important role in language learning and teaching. The present study examined vocabulary depth knowledge of Business EFL learners and its correlation and prediction to academic reading comprehension, employing morphological knowledge and analytical relations with syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations as part of vocabulary depth knowledge. Methodology: The study employed standard multiple regression analysis under a quantitative approach among 120 Business undergraduate EFL students at the tertiary level. Main Findings: Results showed vocabulary depth knowledge, i.e., syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations, had the strongest and significant correlation with reading comprehension compared to other independent variables. Significantly, vocabulary knowledge, combined with paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations, was found to be a significant and unique predictor of academic reading comprehension. About 62.2 percent of the variance in academic reading comprehension was explained jointly by all three independent variables. About 32 percent of the variance was explained by the vocabulary depth knowledge test alone. Also, syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations, representing the depth of vocabulary knowledge test made the most significant unique contribution (uniquely explained about 20.25 percent) to explaining academic reading comprehension in comparison with other dimensions of vocabulary depth knowledge. These findings were elaborated in the perspective of combined paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations as the depth of vocabulary knowledge, derivative word forms as morphological knowledge, part-whole relations as analytic relations and their relationship and contribution to reading comprehension. Applications of this study: The study suggests that the depth of vocabulary knowledge would have a practical use for the students, English teachers at the tertiary level and further implications for lexical researchers. Novelty/Originality of this study: The inclusion of analytic relations with paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations and morphological knowledge, which represented the depth of vocabulary knowledge, has added to the body of lexical knowledge.
CONSTRUCTING ETHNIC IDENTITY IN RAJANIKANTA BARDOLOI’S MIRI JIYORI: A (POST) COLONIAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE TEXT
Authors: Phukan Khammoun
Published: January 2021

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to understand the concept of ethnic Identity projected in the early novels of Assamese literature. This study also investigates a colonial narrative in the text and tries to understand the present scenario highlighting the past.

Methodology: It is a descriptive analysis based on qualitative method research. Focusing on the concept of ethnic Identity the research has been done under the discourse of postcolonial literary theory. The data and speculation are drawn from the secondary sources. Any kind of technical software has not been used in carrying out the research.

Main Findings: The research brings out to the forefront that even in the colonial period; the native writers seem to be conscious about their own culture and the society. They were aware of the marginal boundary created by hegemonic colonial products. The writers raise the question of constructing ‘self’ and ‘other’ and a developing sense of cultural hierarchy.

Applications of this study: This study would help to locate the space of marginalised society in that colonial construction and help the researchers to understand the gap between the early Assamese literatures of the colonial period. Moreover, the study also finds out the awareness of the writers even in the colonial rule about the peripheral boundary and ethnic Identity of a multiethnic/multilingual society.

Novelty/Originality of this study: It is certain that Assamese novels have been studied under various theoretical frameworks, but as we are concerned this theme has not been discussed yet for this particular novel. The presentation of the colonial past in the text is the originality of this research.
Grenzgänge. Zu (männlichen) Ausbrüchen aus emotionaler Routine im Romanwerk von Stephan Thome
Authors: Drynda Joanna
Published: January 2021

Der Aufsatz ist zwei Romanen des deutschen Schriftstellers Stephan Thome gewidmet. Den Kristallisationspunkt der teils melancholischen, teils witzig pointierten Narrationen bilden sowohl in Grenzgang (2009) als auch in Fliehkräfte (2012) die verzweifelten, mehr oder minder geglückten Versuche männlicher Protagonisten, sich aus emotionaler Routine zu befreien, die in Zeiten des Abgesangs auf habituelle Männlichkeitsnormen, in unterschiedlicher Ausprägung dem männlichen Subjekt als ein notdürftiger Schutzbau für ‚sein geschundenes Ego‘ dient. Den Ausgangspunkt bilden die soziokulturell angelegten Studien, die die These widerlegen, dass das Spektrum männlicher Emotionen sich auf die Unterdrückung der Gefühle und die Disziplinierung pathologischer Leidenschaften beschränke.
Goethes und Schillers "Xenien" – ein klassisches Werk?
Authors: Dörr Volker C.
Published: January 2021

Der Entstehungsprozess von Goethes und Schillers Xenien wird skizziert und in den (sozial-)historischen Kontext des sich formierenden literarischen Marktes eingeordnet. Ausgehend von der Beobachtung Franz Schwarzbauers, dass die Xenien einen „epigrammatischen Karnevalszug“ formieren (SCHWARZBAUER 1993:317), wird noch einmal nach der Dimension des Karnevalesken gefragt. Die Antwort auf diese Frage wird in Relation zu den Grundzügen der ästhetischen Doktrin der Weimarer Klassiker gesetzt.
Verstehende Kritik des „Lieben- und Bewundernkönnens“ – Überlegungen zu Theorie und Praxis einer Gattung am Beispiel der Literaturkritik Max Herrmann-Neißes
Authors: Schönborn Sibylle
Published: January 2021

Der Beitrag führt in das umfangreiche kritische Werk Max Herrmann-Neißes ein. Sein Kritikverständnis schließt an Alfred Kerrs Definition der Kritik als vierte Gattung neben Lyrik, Epik und Dramatik an und begreift Kritik als Metaliteratur. Herrmann-Neiße entwirft als Kritiker eine Literaturgeschichte seiner Zeit, die neben regionalen Literaturen wie der schlesischen west- und osteuropäische Literaturen im Kontext von Weltliteratur verortet. Dieses bedeutende Archiv einer historischen Kulturgeschichtsschreibung wird durch die analoge und digitale kritische, kommentierte Edition seiner Kritiken und Essays (1909–1939) gerade für den wissenschaftlichen und allgemeinen Gebrauch erschlossen.
LIFE INSURANCE IN POSITIVE LAW AND ISLAMIC LAW IN INDONESIA
Authors: Lubis Ramiah
Published: January 2021

Life insurance is an agreement made by an insurance company to its customers that if the customer experiences a risk of death in his life whether in the form of an accident or due to illness, then the insurance company will provide compensation with a certain amount of money in accordance with the premiums paid for being a customer of the insurance company to heirs of the customer. Conventional Insurance and Syariah Insurance are both tasked to manage and cope with risk, it's just that in Syariah Insurance the management concept is carried out using a pattern of mutual risk between managers and participants (risk sharing) or called at takaful and at tadhamun. While in conventional insurance the work pattern is to transfer risk from the customer (participant) to the company (manager), which is called risk transfer. So that the risks regarding the participants will be fully borne by the manager.
Pier Paolo Pasolini e as linguagens do real
Authors: Cordeiro Roan Costa
Published: January 2021

O nexo estabelecido por Pier Paolo Pasolini entre realidade e linguagem constitui uma tensão que distende as suas obras em distintos meios de expressão. Diante dos vínculos particulares que ele estabelece entre a linguagem pictórica e a poética, nos quais a recepção do aparato crítico de Roberto Longhi se mostra estratégica, propõe-se considerá-los por meio do gesto exemplarmente cristalizado nos versos de Gli affreschi di Piero ad Arezzo, primeira parte do poema La ricchezza (1955-1957), coligido em La religione del mio tempo (1961). Nesses versos, para os quais se apresenta tradução neste artigo, o impacto produzido pela pintura renascentista de Piero della Francesca permite observar o vitalismo estético que fundamenta a práxis poética pasoliniana, assim como a crítica do presente que articula tal prática. Nesse sentido, verifica-se que também a perspectiva de Pasolini acerca das artes visuais se revela uma penetrante tradução histórica e crítica da própria realidade como forma de linguagem.
Música e sons segundo Pasolini
Authors: Calabrese Claudia , Alves  (Trad.) Cláudia Tavares , Amoroso  (Trad.) Maria Betânia
Published: January 2021

Desde a sua estreia, Pasolini mostrou depositar uma grande confiança na música e nos sons, considerando-os instrumentos essenciais à expressão e até mesmo, já na época da revolução antropológica, similares a ações da realidade. Assim ele escreveu em sua autobiografia em versos, intitulada “Poeta delle Ceneri” (1966-1967): “[...] eu queria ser escritor de música [...] a única ação expressiva,/ talvez, alta e indefinível quanto as ações da realidade” (PASOLINI, 2015c, p. 1.288). A partir dessa confissão, o presente ensaio indaga – por meio de uma aproximação interdisciplinar que perpassa a produção poética, literária, cinematográfica e as reflexões ensaísticas de Pasolini – a origem de seu pensamento sonoro e as bases sobre as quais se sustentou a relação entre experiência, a qual transita também a partir da escuta, e formas de arte.
Analisis dan Strategi Pengendalian Model Matematika Interaksi Sel Kanker Leukemia Mielositik Kronis dan Sel Imunitas
Authors: Rahma Nanda Amalia , Alfiniyah Cicik , Windarto Windarto
Published: January 2021

Leukemia is a disease in the classification of cancer in the blood that is characterized by abnormal growth of blood cells in the bone marrow or lymphoid tissue, and generally occurs in leukocytes or white blood cells. White blood cells that look for types of pathogenic diseases that harm the human body and then damage it are the task of the immune system. This thesis analyzes the mathematical model of chronic myelocytic leukemia cancer cell interactions and immune cells to determine the rate of increase in the population of chronic myelocytic leukemia cancer cells to the effect of immune cells. Based on the analysis of the model obtained two equilibrium points namely the equilibrium point of the extinction of chronic myelocytic leukemia cancer cells (E0) and the equilibrium point of the coexistence of chronic myelocytic leukemia cancer cells (E1). The equilibrium point of extinction will be asymptotically stable, whereas the equilibrium point of coexistence tends to be asymptotically stable using phase fields with the help of MATLAB software. Numerical simulation results show that there is an increase in the number of chronic myelocytic leukemia cancer cell populations and a decrease in the number of vulnerable blood cell populations. When immune cells increase in population, chronic myelocytic leukemia in cancer cells decreases in population but is not significant.
Another Special Case of Vibrations of a Rolling Tire
Authors:   Dorodnicyn Computing Centre, Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control” of Russian Academy of Sciences (CC FRC CSC RAS), Kozhevnikov I.F.
Published: January 2021

We investigate a special case of vibrations of a loaded tire rolling at constant speed. A previously proposed analytical model of a radial tire is considered. The surface of the tire is a flexible tread combined with elastic sidewalls. In the undeformed state, the tread is a circular cylinder. The tread is reinforced with inextensible cords. The tread is the part of the tire that makes actual contact with the ground plane. In the undeformed state, the sidewalls are represented by parts of two tori and consist of incompressible rubber described by the Mooney –Rivlin model. The previously obtained partial differential equation which describes the tire radial in-plane vibrations about steady-state regime of rolling is investigated. Analyzing the discriminant of the quartic polynomial, which is the function of the frequency of the tenth degree and the function of the angular velocity of the sixth degree, the rare case of a root of multiplicity three is discovered. The angular velocity of rotation, the tire speed and the natural frequency, corresponding to this case, are determined analytically. The mode shape of vibration in the neighborhood of the singular point is determined analytically.
A Note on Tonelli Lagrangian Systems on $\mathbb{T}^2$ with Positive Topological Entropy on a High Energy Level
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Damasceno J.G. , Miranda J.A.G. ,   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Perona L.G. ,   Universidade Federal de Vicosa — Campus Florestal
Published: January 2021

In this work we study the dynamical behavior of Tonelli Lagrangian systems defined on the tangent bundle of the torus $\mathbb{T}^2=\mathbb{R}^2/\mathbb{Z}^2$. We prove that the Lagrangian flow restricted to a high energy level $E_{L}^{-1}(c)$ (i.e., $c > c_0(L)$) has positive topological entropy if the flow satisfies the Kupka-Smale property in $E_{L}^{-1}(c)$ (i.e., all closed orbits with energy c are hyperbolic or elliptic and all heteroclinic intersections are transverse on $E_{L}^{-1}(c)$). The proof requires the use of well-known results from Aubry – Mather theory.
General Quantum Theory: I ---- Deducing Quantum Physics and Solving Two Origin Crisises of Wave-Particle Duality and the First Quantization
Authors: Huang C. , Huang Yong-Chang , Song Jia-Min
Published: January 2021

Density distribution function of classical statistical mechanics is generally generalized as a product of a general complex function and its complex Hermitian conjugate function, and the average of classical statistical mechanics is generalized as the average of the quantum mechanics. Furthermore, this paper derives three ones of the five axiom presumptions of quantum mechanics, e.g., deduces Schrȍdinger equation by two general ways, makes the three axiom presumptions into three theorems of quantum mechanics, not only solves the crisis to hard understand, but also gets new theories and new discoveries, e.g., this paper solves the crisis of the origin of the wave-particle duality, derives operators, eigenvalues and eigenstates, deduces commutation relations for coordinate and momentum as well as the time and energy, and discovers quantum mechanics is just a generalization ( mechanics ) theory of the complex square root of ( real density function of ) classical statistical mechanics. Quantum mechanics being just a generalization theory of the complex square root of classical statistical mechanics is both new physics and revolutionary discovery, which are affecting people’s deep philosophical thinking for modern physics development, solve all the crisises of quantum mechanics, quantum information and so on, and make quantum mechanics have scientific solid bases being checked and both no basic axiom presumption and no all the quantum strange incomprehensible properties, because classical statistical mechanics and the complex square root of classical statistical mechanics have the scientific solid bases being checked. In addition, this paper discovers the reason no taking the time derivative of space coordinates in Schrȍdinger equation. Therefore, this paper gives solution to the crisis of the first quantization origin, and mainly deduces quantum physics no all the quantum current strange incomprehensible properties.
Plastic Pollution Recycling: A Case Study of First Marine Protected Area of Pakistan (Astola Island)
Authors: Younis Misbah , Rafique Uzaira , Jabeen Asma , Baloch Faisal
Published: January 2021

Astola Island is the first marine protected area of Pakistan acknowledged 2017, June 15. It is a rich biodiversity hotspot, Ramsar site inhabiting endangered species like Green turtle, Hawksbill turtle, and Arabian Humpback whale. A saw-scaled Russell’s viper is endemic to Island. Marine ecology of Astola Island is affected by plastic pollution resulting in coral destruction, ocean acidification, global warming, fishing nets blockage, water pollution, and coastal erosion. Zeolite catalyst synthesized from environmentally friendly way by coal fly ash to degrade collected plastic waste from Island into useful products in pyrolysis reactor. The synthesized catalyst functionalized further with three type of organosilane(1) Octyltriethoxysilane(OS),(2)Phenyltriethoxysilane(PS)(3)Vinyltriethoxysilane(VS).Zeolite functionalize with octyltriethoxy silane (ZO) shows the highest performance in plastic pyrolysis, resulting in lower degradation temperature, low residue and more product formation may be due to having long chain hydrocarbon and acidic sites. Plastic recycling is the promising solution to tackle plastic blooming issue. Which is negatively impacting all the compartments of ecosystem especially marine environment.
Effect of Pr6O11 on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Steel Weld Metal
Authors: Zhang Tianli , Yu Hang , Li Shiliang , Wang Weiguang , Wu Wen , Chen Haoxin , Chen Yu
Published: January 2021

The effect of Pr6O11 on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high-strength steel weld metal was investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and mechanical testing. Three different contents of Pr6O11 were added to the flux-cored wires. The results demonstrate that the addition of 1% Pr6O11 can promote the refinement and spheroidization of inclusions, refine the grains, form acicular ferrites in the weld metal, and significantly improve the toughness. The addition of Pr6O11 promoted the formation of rare earth composite inclusions and acicular ferrites in the weld metal, refined the lath microstructure, inhibited the formation of martensite and bainite. The crack formation mode changed from the boundary cracking of the bainite clusters caused by the surface shear stress to the surface shear stress-induced decohesion of inclusion. Excessive addition of Pr6O11 will reduce the number of inclusion nucleation and deteriorate the mechanical properties. The wire No.2 with 1% Pr6O11 had the good comprehensive mechanical properties.
Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Nanowires: Fabrication, Characterization, and Sensor Applications
Authors: Zhou Andrew F. , Wang Xinpeng , Pacheco Elluz , Feng Peter X.
Published: January 2021

The aim of this review is to provide a survey of the recent advances and the main remaining challenges related to the ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) nanowires and other nanostructures which exhibit excellent capability as the core components for many diverse novel sensing devices, due to the unique material properties and geometry advantages. The doping introduced in the gas phase during deposition promotes p-type or n-type conductivity. With the establishment of the UNCD nanofabrication techniques, more and more nanostructure based devices are being explored in measuring basic physical and chemical parameters via classic and quantum methods, as exemplified by gas sensors, ultraviolet photodetectors, piezoresistance effect based devices, biological applications, and nitrogen-vacancy color center based magnetic field quantum sensors. Highlighted finally are some of the remaining challenges and future outlook in this area.
Saudi Reforms: Developing Tourism to Minimize Dependency on Oil and Its Impact in the Society
Authors: Ahmed Masood
Published: January 2021

Many countries are raising questions on the intentions behind Saudi reforms. The low oil prices in 2008-09 were the awakening call for Saudis, and later in 2014, it became the reason to look for the economy that is less dependent on oil. The article studies the initiated social reforms and social impact of foreign cultural activities. It scrutinizes the Saudi social fabric under the social exchange theory and looks for the positive and negative effects of cultural exchanges. The paper also considers the COVID-19 situation in KSA as it has broken the chain of cultural events planned all over the country to promote tourism and improve the image of KSA.
Adiposity in Depression or Depression in Adiposity? the Role of Immune-Inflammatory-Microbial Overlap
Authors: Gawlik-Kotelnicka Oliwia
Published: January 2021

Metabolic disorders, metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and depression are those of the most common and debilitating disorders worldwide that often coexist further increasing mortality risks. Although the exact mechanisms underlying this association are poorly known, several hypotheses have been proposed: antipsychotic medication and antidepressants use, diet and physical activity or any other lifestyle factors. However, the high co-occurrence rate of depression and metabolic disorders suggests a possible pathophysiological overlap. In this paper I review several raised mechanisms for this overlap which are the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation, immune alterations with chronic inflammation, as well as oxidative stress. In my view, there is one common thread running through all the aforementioned areas of pathophysiology which is microbiota alteration. So far, several possible interventions in our microbiota have been introduced into clinical practice - dietary and other lifestyle changes, supplementation with prebiotics or probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation – but with vague indications. A better characterization of the above associations may represent a critical step at phenotyping, and a more targeted approach to the treatment of both depressive and metabolic disorders. At the end of the paper, I give several practical applications for future studies.
INCREASING YIELD OF SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESISTANT RICE BLAST CULTIVARS USING SILICON FERTILIZATION
Authors: Esa NurulNahar , Puteh Adam , Mat Mazidah , Ismail Roslan , Yusop Mohd Rafii
Published: January 2021

Rice blast is one of the most critical limiting factors for rice plant growth performance. Silicon has been shown to have positive effects in controlling several plant diseases. The study aimed to investigate the impact of silicon levels on rice yield, silicon content, and panicle blast in rice plants. The study was set up as a 2 x 5 factorial experiment with three replications and arranged in a randomized complete block design. The first factors were two rice cultivars, MARDI Siraj 297 (resistant) and MR 263 (susceptible). The second factors were five levels of calcium silicate (0 g, 4 g, 8 g, 12 g, and 16 g) applied to 40 kg soil per pot. The standard fertilizers, i.e., N, P2 O5, and K2 O, were applied four times at the recommended dosage. High virulent of Pyricularia oryzae conidia (4 x 104 conidia ml-1) was sprayed using a hand sprayer (30 ml pot-1) at the time of fully completed panicle development (65 days after planting). Observed parameters were plant growth (height and culm length), yields (spikelets per panicle, grain filling percentage, and harvest index), panicle blast severity, and silica content in leaf, stem, and panicle. The results showed that silicon application reduced panicle blast severity, leading to higher yield per plant. The increase of the rice yield was a result of a significant increae in panicle per m2 , spikelet per m2 , and percentage of filled grain. Panicle blast greatly affected the performance of spikelet number per m2 , percentage of filled grain, grain weight, and yield per plant for the susceptible cultivar. Application of calcium silicate 10 g 40 kg-1 soil per pot at panicle initiation is recommended to reduce panicle blast severity hereby improve grain yield.
DROUGHT TOLERANT INDICES OF LOWLAND TOMATO CULTIVARS
Authors: Sakya Amalia Tetrani , Sulistyaningsih Endang , Purwanto Benito Heru , Indradewa Didik
Published: January 2021

The released lowland tomato cultivars are known for their resistance to plant diseases and high temperatures. The study aimed to identify the drought tolerance of lowland tomato cultivars based on the drought tolerant indices. The study was arranged in a split plot design, using seven lowland tomato cultivars (Zamrud, Permata F1, Ratna, Mirah, Tombatu F1, Tyrana F1, and Tymoti F1) as the main plot and watering (standard conditions and once every eight days as the drought conditions) as the subplot. Parameters observed were morpho physiological characters (plant height, leaf area, biomass, root length, root surface area, shoot root ratio, relative moisture content, membrane stability index, chlorophyll levels, and proline levels). The parameters observed in each character included the sensitivity stress index (SSI), stress tolerance index (STI), and yield stability index (YSI). Results showed that four cultivars (Tyrana F1, Tymoty F1, Mirah, and Tombatu F1) were drought tolerance, and three cultivars (Ratna, Permata F1, and Zamrud F1) were susceptible. The water stress decreased agronomic and physiological traits performance, but the drought-tolerant cultivars were less affected to the stress and produced higher fruit weight. The study implies that the drought-tolerant cultivars could be used as a promising source for drought tolerant genotypes.
INFLUENCE OF PLANT DENSITY, COMPOST AND BIOFERTILIZER ON TRUE SHALLOT SEED GROWTH IN ALLUVIAL SOIL
Authors: Sopha Gina Aliya
Published: January 2021

True shallot seed (Allium cepa var Aggregatum group) is an alternative way of growing shallot. Different environments and cultivars need a specific study. The aim of this research was to find out the best technology to grow Trisula true shallot seed by managing plant densities and applying compost and biofertilizer in alluvial soils. The study was performed from May to October 2015, using a split-plot design with four replications. The main plot was plant density: 100 plants m-2 and 70 plants m-2. Subplots were five fertilizer application combinations, they were 100% recommended dose of NPK (R-NPK), 100% R-NPK + compost, 100% R-NPK + compost + biofertilizer, 50% R-NPK + compost and 50% R-NPK + compost + biofertilizer. Results showed that biomass and bulb yield were significantly affected by plant density and fertilizer application. The reduced 50% R-NPK by substituting with compost and biofertilizer was unable to maintain shallot bulb yield equal to 100% R-NPK, suggesting insufficient nutrients derived from compost to satisfy the shallot requirement. The best technology to grow true shallot seed of Trisula variety was 100 plants m-2 plant density and 100% NPK (consisting of 180 kg N ha-1, 52 kg P ha-1 and 50 kg K ha-1) with 2.5 t ha-1 compost that achieved the highest bulb yield of 9.83 t ha-1 and increased the revenue.
Perubahan Biokimia dan Indikator Vigor Benih Kakao pada Lima Taraf Lamanya Penyimpanan
Authors: Sobari Iing , Sumadi Sumadi , Rosniawaty Santi , Wardiana Edi
Published: January 2021

During the storage period, cocoa seeds undergo various processes that will affect the content of their food reserves and will have an impact on germination capacity and seeds vigor. The objective of this study is to investigate the changes of biochemical and vigor of cocoa seeds after storage for a maximum of 4 weeks with an interval of 1 week. The experiment was conducted at the Integrated Laboratory and Greenhouse of Balittri, Sukabumi, West Java, from October to December 2019. The completely randomized design with five treatments of seeds storage duration: (a) seeds unstored, (b) seeds stored for 1 week, (c) seeds stored for 2 weeks, (d) seeds stored for 3 weeks, and (e) seeds stored for 4 weeks, and five replications were used in this study. Parameters observed during seed storage were the biochemistry change of seeds and the percentage of germinated seeds, while during seed germination is an indicator of seed vigor. The results showed that storing cocoa seeds for 1-4 weeks decreased the fat content of the seeds, while the free fatty acids, protein, and percentage of germinated seeds increased. Until the 21st day after sowing, seed storage increases electrical conductivity but decreases growth rate, maximum growth potential, viability, and hypocotyl length. Seeds stored for one week still good in their vigor (viability of 80%), while seeds stored for 2-4 weeks have decreased their vigor (maximum viability of 54.4%).
The Effect of Curing Pressure and Duration on Mechanical Strength of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene/High-Density Polyethylene Composite as An Alternative Material for Windmill Turbine
Authors: Hidayah Febrianti Nurul , Boss Johan
Published: January 2021

The use of steel in building or construction manufacture continues to decrease, owing in part to the sustainability and mechanical properties of fibers which have higher strength in minimum weight than steel. This preliminary study was defined to evaluate the mechanical properties of high-performance fibers, especially ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), in terms of the composite to be the main material of windmill turbines. It was UHMWPE as reinforcement and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) as a matrix in this composite system. The composites were processed in a variety of pressure and duration (50 to 165 bar and 10 minutes to 48 hours). The mechanical strength was tested by 3-point bending tests to measure the interlaminar shear strength, shear modulus, and bending strength. The result showed a significant difference in properties of the composite which is higher pressure and longer duration obtained a higher value of mechanical strength.
Reducing Suicidal Ideation among Turkish Migrants in the Netherlands and in the UK: The Feasibility of a Randomised Controlled Trial of a Guided Online Intervention
Authors: Eylem Ozlem , Straten Annemieke van , de Wit Leonore , Rathod Shanaya , Bhui Kamaldeep , Kerkhof Ad J.F.M.
Published: January 2021

Background: The evidence for the effectiveness of e-mental health interventions among ethnic minorities is still preliminary. This mixed methods study investigates the feasibility of a culturally adapted, guided online intervention with the intention to understand how it works and for whom to inform refinement. It also examines its likely effectiveness in reducing suicidal ideation when compared with the treatment as usual. Methods: Turkish migrants with mild to moderate suicidal thoughts were recruited from the general population using social media and newspaper advertisements. The intervention group obtained direct access to a 6 weeks guided online intervention while participants in the waiting list condition had to wait for 6 weeks. The intervention is based on an existing online intervention and was culturally adapted. Participants in both conditions completed baseline, post-test, and follow up questionnaires on suicidal ideation (primary outcome), depression, worrying, hopelessness, suicide attempt and self-harm, acculturation, quality of life, and usability. In addition, participants were interviewed to examine the feasibility and mechanisms of action in more depth. The responses were analysed by inductive thematic analysis. Results: 85 people signed up via the study website and we included 18 (10 intervention, 8 waitlist control). While the therapeutic benefits were emphasised (e.g. feeling connected with the intervention), the feasibility was judged to be low. The main reasons given were: not having severe suicidal thoughts and not being represented by the culturally adapted intervention. No suicide attempts were recorded during the study. The suicidal ideation, depression and hopelessness scores were improved in both groups. Conclusion: Although intended to be a definitive trial, the current study became a feasibility study with process evaluation to understand the components and how they operate. The online intervention was not superior to the control condition. Future studies need to attend the implementation issues raised including measures of stigma, acculturation, careful cultural adaptations alongside more attention to coaching and relational support. They should also consider how to improve engagement alongside selection of those who are motivated to use online interventions and offer alternatives for those who are not. Trial registration: NTR5028. Registered 1 March 2015, https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/4926
Oenothera Biennis Extract as Reducing Agent for the Synthesis of Pd NPs Supported on Halloysite Functionalized With Schiff Base: an Efficient Catalyst for Cu- and Ligand-free Sonogashira Reaction in Aqueous Media 
Authors: Daraie Mansoureh , Heravi Majid , Rangraz Yalda , Besharati Zahra
Published: January 2021

A hybrid system was designed and synthesized through reacting modified halloysite (Hal-Cl) with Schiff base (DAB-PC) and applied as catalytic support for anchoring Pd NPs to afford Pd@Hal-DAB-PC catalyst. The resultant material was well identified by various analyses including FT-IR, XRD, TGA, FE-SEM, and EDS, and revealed outstanding catalytic activity in the Sonogashira reaction in aqueous media. Also, This nanocatalyst was simply collected and recycled up to six runs with a slight drop of the efficiency, indicating the durability of Pd@Hal-DAB-PC.
Invisible biodiversity: extinction debts and colonization credits amongst US birds
Authors: Dominoni Davide , Haddou Yacob , Mancy Rebecca , Matthiopoulos Jason , Spatharis Sofie
Published: January 2021

Habitat change is a major source of biodiversity loss. However, the response of animal communities to land-cover changes is not instantaneous. In fact, extinctions and colonizations may take up a long time before they fully manifest, leading to extinction debts and colonization credits. Current quantifications of debts and credits do not consider multiple land cover types and their directionality of change. Here we quantify the relative contribution of past and present landscapes to the current species richness of 5500 USA bird communities, explicitly measuring the response of biodiversity to increases and decreases of five land covers. We identified extinctions debts across 12% of the USA whilst colonization credits were instead present in 16% of the land area. Future species loss is predicted in the East following recent urbanization, while new species colonizations are expected mainly in the North-West as a result of forests conversion into grasslands. Furthermore, lags in biodiversity response were dependent not only on the type and amount of land cover change, but also on its directionality. Effective conservation actions rely on reliable predictions of future biodiversity. Our results highlight the essential need of considering past landscape changes when setting policy targets aiming at halting biodiversity loss.
In Utero and Lactational Exposure of F1 Adult Pups to Ethanol and Nicotine: Alteration of The Reproductive System and Epigenetic Modifying Enzymes of Sperm Cells?
Authors: Pabarja Athareh , Hakemi Sepideh Ganjalikhan , Musanejad Elahe , Ezzatabadipour Massood , Nematollahi-Mahani Seyed Noreddin , Afgar Ali , Afarinesh Mohammad Reza , Haghpanah Tahereh
Published: January 2021

Co-use of alcohol and nicotine is a common habit which could affect reproductive system. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of in-utero and lactational exposure of offspring to alcohol, nicotine, and combinations on the reproductive system and epigenetic alterations of male gamete. Pregnant mice and lactating NMRI pups randomly received nicotine, ethanol, and combinations during gestational days 1 until weaning. Sperm and testes were collected on postnatal day 90 for further experiments. Exposure to these substances, particularly, nicotine, highly affected testicular Johnsen’s score, sperm parameters including; number, motility, viability, DNA integrity and also serum MDA level. Interestingly, concurrent exposure to nicotine and alcohol somehow reversed the effects. Quantitative real-time PCR data showed an increase in the mRNA level of histone deacetylation 1 and 2 and a decrease in the level of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 3A, while no marked differences in the expression level of DNMT1 and 3B were observed between the exposed and non-exposed pups. Alleviating effects were observed in the epigenetic modifying enzymes transcripts of co-exposed pups compared with the exposure to nicotine or alcohol. Taken together, our findings determined that exposure of offspring in-utero and during lactational period to these substances could result in lasting epigenetic changes in sperm cells. However, unexpectedly co-exposure of pups to nicotine and alcohol lessened these negative effects.