bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Black-ish: Kenya Barris on Representing Blackness in the Age of Black Lives Matter
Authors: Acham Christine
Published: February 2018

African American studies and television scholar Christine Acham interviews Kenya Barris the creator of the top-rated primetime network show Black-ish (ABC, 2014—). Acham tuned in during the 2014 political climate of #BlackLivesMatter to find a show that veered so far from television's traditionally monolithic or culturally void versions of blackness. Her conversation with Kenya Barris took place on June 23, 2017, in Burbank, California. They discussed Black-ish in detail, and also engaged questions of politics, the specificity of black storytelling, the contemporary “Black Television Renaissance,” and the pressures and responsibilities facing black creatives in the industry. At press time, Barris had gone on to create a new spinoff show, Grown-ish, and to collaborate with some of its writers to launch yet another series, Bright Futures, a twenty-something comedy, also at ABC.
She Can Do It
Authors: Rich B. Ruby
Published: February 2018

Editor in Chief, B. Ruby Rich, weighs in on the latest in film and media culture. She recaps the recent “Dimensions in Black” event that FQ hosted at Film Society of Lincoln Center in New York City to launch our December 2017 issue; reviews the content of the current issue; pays tribute to notable voices in the field that have passed on; and hints at things to come in FQ's 60th anniversary year.
Abstraction Through Representation: Interview with Kevin Jerome Everson
Authors: Ratner Megan
Published: February 2018

Kevin Jerome Everson has made more than 131 shorts and nine features—so far—exploring the intersections of work and geography among African Americans and other people of African descent. Often mining events from his own life, local history, and vignettes from his actors’ lives, Everson scripts ordinary behavior and dialogue into theatrical gestures. In reediting or restaging personal stories or archival footage, the prosaic becomes specific and distinct. Everson looks for “frames that connect the necessity and the coincidence,” where “necessity” is the plot or character driving the film, “coincidence” the scenes that seem accidental or are lifted from found footage. Ratner engages Everson on his oblique approach that prizes his subjects’ dignity over his viewers’ comfort. At a time when weightless spectacle dominates imagery, Everson responds to her questions and to his craft with nuanced gravity.
Screenings
Authors: Smith Paul Julian
Published: February 2018

Italian television scholar Milly Buonanno has often complained that, in this second Golden Age of TV, academic attention is focused almost exclusively on the United States. Even in a country like Spain, newspapers dutifully recap each episode of American premium-cable and streaming-service series while ignoring their own local productions. Hence, the importance of Buonanno's new collection Television Antiheroines: Women Behaving Badly in Crime and Prison Drama, which tracks its female figures on screens from Italy and France to Australia and Brazil. Smith examines two prominent Spanish language TV shows featuring women in prison and concludes that Buonanno's invaluable book shows it is no longer necessary to ask where the female Tony Sopranos or Walter Whites may be. And, thanks to the compelling examples of Capadocia (HBO Latin America, 2008–12) and Spain's Vis a vis (Antena 3/Fox, 2015–), it is now clear that difficult women can speak Spanish as well as English on global TV screens, even as they are confined within them to the smallest of prison cells.
Validation of EuroSCORE II in Chinese Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Shen Li , Chen Xi , Gu Jianming , Xue Song
Published: February 2018

Background: Comparisons between the EuroSCORE and EuroSCORE II in the patient populations for coronary artery bypass grafting are limited. The aim of the study was to compare the use of the EuroSCORE and EuroSCORE II as risk model for predicting in-hospital mortality in Chinese patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Methods: Patients (n = 1598) with complete records of baseline and operative data were retrospectively collected from computerized records. The expected mortality rate for logistic EuroSCORE and EuroSCORE II was determined. Performance of the logistic EuroSCORE and EuroSCORE II model was assessed by comparing the observed and expected in-hospital mortality. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) values were calculated for these models to compare predictive power.Results: Observed in-hospital overall mortality rate was 3.19%. The logistic EuroSCORE model (Hosmer-Lemeshow: P < .05, O/E = 0.73) over-predicted mortality (4.39%) and the EuroSCORE II model showed good calibration and discriminative capacity (area 0.762) in predicting in-hospital mortality (Hosmer-Lemeshow: P = .191, O/E = 1.24).Conclusion: EuroSCORE II model reduces the overestimation of the calculated risk by logistic EuroSCORE in this population. EuroSCORE II risk model may be suitable in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery in China.
Use of an On-X Prosthetic Valve In A 42-Year Old Female With Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Koga Ayumi , Okamoto Ken , Tazume Hirokazu , Fukui Toshihiro
Published: February 2018

Antiphospholipid syndrome is a rare autoimmune disease with a hypercoagulable state causing vascular thrombosis. We present the case of a 42-year old female who underwent mitral valve replacement with a mechanical valve 15 months ago. The postoperative course was uneventful, and echocardiography performed 14 months postoperatively showed good valve function. The patient developed sudden dyspnea 15 months postoperatively and was referred to our hospital. Echocardiography revealed mitral stenosis with stuck leaflets. Emergent re-mitral valve replacement was successfully performed using an On-X valve (On-X Life Technologies, Austin, TX, USA). The patient tested positive for antiphospholipid antibodies. Antiphospholipid syndrome should be considered when valve dysfunction occurs suddenly in relatively young female patients. The On-X valve may be considered as a therapeutic option in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome because of its low anticoagulation intensity.
Sexual Dimorphism and Sex Differences in Caenorhabditis elegans Neuronal Development and Behavior
Authors: Barr Maureen M , García L Rene , Portman Douglas S
Published: February 2018

As fundamental features of nearly all animal species, sexual dimorphisms and sex differences have particular relevance for the development and function of the nervous system. The unique advantages of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have allowed the neurobiology of sex to be studied at unprecedented scale, linking ultrastructure, molecular genetics, cell biology, development, neural circuit function, and behavior. Sex differences in the C. elegans nervous system encompass prominent anatomical dimorphisms as well as differences in physiology and connectivity. The influence of sex on behavior is just as diverse, with biological sex programming innate sex-specific behaviors and modifying many other aspects of neural circuit function. The study of these differences has provided important insights into mechanisms of neurogenesis, cell fate specification, and differentiation; synaptogenesis and connectivity; principles of circuit function, plasticity, and behavior; social communication; and many other areas of modern neurobiology.
Encefalite autoimune anti recetor N-metil D-aspartato: relato de dois casos
Authors: Ferreira Jorge André Soares Abreu , Peixoto Sara Cecilia Carneiro , Carrilho Inês Conceição Cancelo , Martins Vânia Sofia Vicente
Published: February 2018

AIMS: To report two cases with different presentations of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis, a newly identified autoimmune disease characterized by consciousness changes, memory deficit, seizures, autonomic dysfunction and movement disorders.CASES DESCRIPTION: A six-year-old female, who presented with dystonic and choreoathetoid movements with refusal to walk. A 17-year-old male, presented with behavioral changes, retrograde amnesia and seizures. Electroencephalogram and brain magnetic resonance imaging did not show any significant findings. Anti-NMDAR antibodies were positive in cerebrospinal fluid in both cases and in serum in the first patient. Methylprednisolone, immunoglobulin and rituximab were given at different intervals. Both had a recurrence about six months later, with recovery at the end of one and a half year of the diagnosis.CONCLUSIONS: Anti-NMDAR encephalitis should be considered in patients with sudden onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment are major prognostic factors.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and primary Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Lazzari Jacqueline Mori , Lang Maria Gabriela , Staub Henrique Luiz
Published: February 2018

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a nebulous disorder triggered by a number of conditions, mostly hypertensive crisis, renal insufficiency, and immunosuppressive therapy. Other possible etiologies include eclampsia, transplantation and infections. The association of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome with autoimmune diseases has been rather intriguing. We herein describe an unusual case of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a patient with primary Sjögren's syndrome, hypertension and lung infection. This is probably the second reported case associating posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and primary Sjögren's syndrome. If the posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome was triggered by primary Sjögren's syndrome itself or by its comorbidities remains an open question.
Abundancia y cobertura de arvenses bajo manejo convencional y orgánico de café y banano
Authors: Agüero-Alvarado Renán , Rodríguez-Ruiz Ana María , González-Lutz María Isabel , Portuguez-García Pamela , Brenes-Prendas Steven
Published: February 2018

Certain weeds can be used as cover species in bananas and coffee plantations. The objective of this study was to compare ground cover and abundance of weed species, between the organic and conventional production systems of banana and coffee. Selected farms under organic or conventional management located at Limón and Alajuela were surveyed for weeds, during 2015 and 2016. The minimum area methodology was used to determine sampling site size. At each sampling site, all weed species were identified and grouped into their respective taxonomic families. Percent soil cover by each species was also estimated by means of a visual scale. In both crops, weed diversity was higher when the herbicide glyphosate was used for weed control, although the ground cover for these species was kept at a minimum. These results are thought to arise from the fact that under the organic production system, a hierarchy of dominant species is established, which in turn inhibit many of the somewhat less adapted species, whereas under the conventional production system, the use of a non-residual herbicide renders the ground with plenty of space for species regeneration from the soil propagule bank. Organic weed management in both crops showed higher soil cover by weeds, but from a lower number of species. In contrast, chemical weed management with glyphosate showed a higher number at species, but a significant reduction in ground cover by those weeds.
A critical role of hydrogen sulfide evolution during MOCVD of single phase thin film tin sulfide using ditertiarybutylsulfide as a less toxic precursor
Authors: Clayton Andrew J. , Charbonneau Cecile M. E. , Siderfin Peter J. , Irvine Stuart J. C.
Published: February 2018

Thin film tin sulphide (SnS) was deposited on to molybdenum (Mo) substrates using metal organic chemical vapor deposition at 470oC using tetraethyltin and ditertiarybutylsulfide as precursors. In situ mass spectroscopy was used to study the exhaust gas species downstream of the reaction zone. The precursor vapor carrier gas was either nitrogen or hydrogen, thin film SnS only forming when the latter was used. Mass spectroscopy determined that hydrogen sulfide was being produced and playing a critical role in the vapor phase reaction process and adsorption of tin and sulfur on to the Mo surface. As-grown grain sizes were determined by scanning electron microscopy and were observed to be large averaging around 2 microns across. X-ray diffraction showed the films to be single phase SnS without any parasitic Sn2S3 or SnS2 phases, with a small amount of MoS2 also being detected.
Future Ethics
Authors: Weaver Jace
Published: February 2018

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From Abstractions to Actions
Authors: Frascaroli Fabrizio , Fjeldsted Thora
Published: February 2018

As the biodiversity crisis worsens, hopes rise that a substantial contribution to environmental care may come from the world’s religions. Such hopes largely rest on the expectation that the pro-environmental pronouncements of religious leaders, and their doctrinal underpinnings, will reach and affect a majority of believers. In this article, we discuss this argument, based on findings from fine-grained ethnographical and biological work among rural Catholic communities in Italy. We suggest that straightforward views of the link between religious doctrines and environmental care are problematic for three main reasons: postulating a deterministic link between values and behaviors that is disproven in reality; underplaying the inner heterogeneity of religions; and overlooking difficulties in value-transmission within religions. Accordingly, we suggest greater attention to concrete environmental outcomes, ritual, and the bodily dimension of religions, as a fundamental step toward a practice-oriented understanding of the nexus between religion and environment.
Gender and the Greening of Buddhism
Authors: Tomalin Emma
Published: February 2018

Despite its popularity and appeal for many, ecofeminism has been criticized for essentializing and romanticizing women’s roles as close to nature, thereby reproducing colonialist and biologically determinist discourses that contribute to discrimination. In response there have been attempts to defend ecofeminism, arguing that such critiques are hyperbolic and that we need ecofeminism more than ever (Philips and Rumens 2016). In a climate of renewed interest in ecofeminism, I ask why is it that some faith traditions are represented to a far greater extent in ecofeminist literature than others? I pick up on this discrepancy within ecofeminism’s engagement between different religions through examining Buddhist responses to gender and ecology. In the article I adopt a theory of ultramodern Buddhism, developed by Halafoff and Rajkobal (2015), to understand Buddhism in the contemporary era. Three main research questions are addressed: (1) to what extent has ‘green Buddhism’ been gendered?; (2) why has there has been virtually no attempt to bring together feminist analysis with responses to Buddhism and environmentalism? Why have they been approached separately?; and (3) in what ways are Buddhist women (and men) combining gender analysis and environmentalism in practice in reference to or outside the framework of ecofeminism? To better understand why a Buddhist ecofeminism has not been named and claimed by Buddhists in either the West or Asia, there is a need for local-level empirical studies that examine subjective understandings of relationships between gender and environmentalism in the lives of ultramodern Buddhist practitioners rather than assuming a standard ecofeminist position as the primary reference point.
Natural Born Humans
Authors: LeCain Timothy James
Published: February 2018

In recent years, scientists and humanists have begun converging towards a new concept of humanity, one in which human culture, creativity, and power are seen as the product of nature, not its antithesis. Drawing on these insights, I suggest some ways in which scholars might embrace the concept of the ‘natural born human' to better recognize the powerful role of the natural material world in creating the human past and future. If a vital materiality informs every aspect of who we are as humans, then the scientific insights into this material world are not distinct from or contrary to humanism. To the contrary, science might be better understood as a manner of humanism and perhaps even akin to a materially grounded religion. Thus the old divide between science and the humanities might now be closing as we better recognize the inescapable material nature of the human animal in all of its dimensions.
Peer Reviewers—Volume 11
Authors: Witt Joseph
Published: February 2018

Peer Reviewers—Volume 11
Next-Generation Sequencing of Circulating Tumor DNA Reveals Frequent Alterations in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Ikeda Sadakatsu , Tsigelny Igor F. , Skjevik Åge A. , Kono Yuko , Mendler Michel , Kuo Alexander , Sicklick Jason K. , Heestand Gregory , Banks Kimberly C. , Talasaz AmirAli , Lanman Richard B. , Lippman Scott , Kurzrock Razelle
Published: February 2018

Background

Because imaging has a high sensitivity to diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and tissue biopsies carry risks such as bleeding, the latter are often not performed in HCC. Blood-derived circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis can identify somatic alterations, but its utility has not been characterized in HCC.

Materials and Methods

We evaluated 14 patients with advanced HCC (digital ctDNA sequencing [68 genes]). Mutant relative to wild-type allele fraction was calculated.

Results

All patients (100%) had somatic alterations (median = 3 alterations/patient [range, 1–8]); median mutant allele fraction, 0.29% (range, 0.1%–37.77%). Mutations were identified in several genes: TP53 (57% of patients), CTNNB1 (29%), PTEN (7%), CDKN2A (7%), ARID1A (7%), and MET (7%); amplifications, in CDK6 (14%), EGFR (14%), MYC (14%), BRAF (7%), RAF1 (7%), FGFR1 (7%), CCNE1 (7%), PIK3CA (7%), and ERBB2/HER2 (7%). Eleven patients (79%) had ≥1 theoretically actionable alteration. No two patients had identical genomic portfolios, suggesting the need for customized treatment. A patient with a CDKN2A-inactivating and a CTNNB1-activating mutation received matched treatment: palbociclib (CDK4/6 inhibitor) and celecoxib (COX-2/Wnt inhibitor); des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin level decreased by 84% at 2 months (1,410 to 242 ng/mL [normal: ≤7.4 ng/mL]; alpha fetoprotein [AFP] low at baseline). A patient with a PTEN-inactivating and a MET-activating mutation (an effect suggested by in silico molecular dynamic simulations) received sirolimus (mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitor) and cabozantinib (MET inhibitor); AFP declined by 63% (8,320 to 3,045 ng/mL [normal: 0–15 ng/mL]).

Conclusion

ctDNA derived from noninvasive blood tests can provide exploitable genomic profiles in patients with HCC.

Implications for Practice

This study reports that blood-derived circulating tumor DNA can provide therapeutically exploitable genomic profiles in hepatocellular cancer, a malignancy that is known to be difficult to biopsy.
Voronoi diagrams and self-healing cementitious materials: a perfect match
Authors: Snoeck Didier , Criel Pieterjan
Published: February 2018

Voronoi diagrams are promising schemes for use in architecture and structural design. Integrated into building sciences they can result in structures with a high strength to weight ratio for any material. Furthermore, such structures are aesthetically appealing. However, it is difficult to cast such structures and some teething problems are still present. In this paper a case study is presented in which a Voronoi-like tessellation was used as formwork to manufacture a small cementitious plate. Cementitious structures are not very often thin and they are susceptible to cracking. In this research, a self-healing strain-hardening cementitious material was considered as a solution to this problem. Using strain-hardening cementitious materials, it was possible to produce a thin high-strength cementitious form that could can be easily cast and demoulded. In addition, the Voronoi structure showed outstanding healing capabilities. This principle may broaden the use of these aesthetically interesting materials as design applications in the future.
Effects of different cyclic loading on lightweight self-compacting concrete
Authors: Fathi Hamoon , Dabbagh Hooshang , Lameie Tina
Published: February 2018

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) use is increasing and understanding its behaviour under cyclic loading is therefore important. This research study investigated the behaviour of lightweight SCC under eight different types of compressive cyclic loading. Three loadings were applied to examine pre-peak lightweight SCC behaviour, two loadings were used to examine the post-peak behaviour and three loadings are complete. The total loading in the pre- and post-peak range exposed lightweight SCC to compressive were used to examine both pre- and post-peak stages. 120 standard cylindrical specimens were tested. 90 specimens were exposed to cyclic compressive loading and 30 specimens to uniform compressive loading. The mean compressive strength of the study specimens was 40 MPa and the slump flow was 64 cm. The results showed that increasing the number of loadings reduced the peak strength and increased strain. The reduction in strength and increase in strain depend on the number of pre-peak loadings. The damage caused by cyclic loading, the amount of energy absorbed due to the cracks caused by loading and the amount of energy absorbed by the concrete in hysteresis loops were studied with respect to the type of loading.
MSWM in Bhopal city: a critical analysis and a roadmap for its sustainable management
Authors: Parihar Rajeev Singh , Ahmed Sirajuddin , Baredar Prashant , Sharma Anil , Ravi Kiran Tatavarthy
Published: February 2018

The rapid population growth and an increase in the living standard of inhabitants have caused insurmountable problems to the municipal solid waste management (MSWM) of Bhopal city. The city generates approximately 800 t/d of municipal solid waste (MSW) and it is estimated to increase to approximately 2735 t/d by the year 2035. This paper presents an overview of the existing MSWM practices in Bhopal city and suggests a roadmap to overcome the shortcoming. Some of the major drawbacks are: an absence of an engineering landfill, improper management of MSW, lack of suitable facilities (equipment and infrastructure) and funds. This has caused contamination of different environmental slots, including soil, groundwater/surface water and air leading to unhealthy dwelling conditions. Physical and chemical analyses of waste indicates a high concentration (45%) of biodegradable waste, low calorific value (378–4680 kcal/kg) and high moisture content (>30%) of MSW. Overall, 15% of the waste was found suitable for electricity generation. A roadmap for better management is proposed that includes segregation at source, recycling and reuse for sustainable management of MSW as per provisions made in solid waste management rules, 2016. This roadmap will definitely enhance the awareness campaign ‘Team Up to Clean Up’ launched by Bhopal Municipal Corporation in 2014.
Ultimate tendon stress of strengthened and non-strengthened unbonded post-tensioned I-beams
Authors: Maghsoudi Mohammad , Maghsoudi Ali Akbar
Published: February 2018

There is a lack of sufficient information on the assessment of stress in unbonded tendons at ultimate in continuous post-tensioned members. Although many investigations have been conducted on simply supported members, few studies have focused on continuous members, particularly strengthened ones. An investigation into the stress in unbonded post-tensioned tendons at ultimate in continuous I-beams externally strengthened with carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer sheets is described, with special emphasis on the effects of non-prestressed steel and the implementation of ultrahigh-strength self-compacting concrete. Six two-span 9 m I-beams were constructed, monitored and tested until failure. Finite-element analysis (FEA) was carried out to analyse the ultimate stress in the tendons (fps) and generate the responses of non-strengthened and strengthened beams. The test results were compared with prediction equations proposed in design standards and other previous studies. The tendon stress approached the point of yielding at the onset of failure for the two groups of beams. This is an important finding, resulting in higher moment redistribution and ductility demands for such members. The FEA accurately predicted fps and was applicable to both non-strengthened and strengthened beams. The code equations were found to provide fps values for practical design on the safe side.
Book review
Authors: Thurlow Phillip G.
Published: February 2018

Seismic Design of Buildings to Eurocode 8, 2nd edition
Sistema de calidad turístico español: revisión de la literatura
Authors: García José Álvarez , Del Río Rama María De la Cruz , Sánchez Amador Durán , Orgaz Blanca Urbano
Published: February 2018

El Sistema de Calidad Turístico Español (SCTE), creado en los años 90, en la actualidad se configura como un conjunto de metodologías, directrices y herramientas de gestión recogidas en Normas de Calidad, que tienen como finalidad última asegurar la calidad del Sector Turístico Español. Cuenta con cuatro modalidades, entre las que destaca la modalidad SCTE-Sectores, que permite a las empresas de los diferentes subsectores turísticos obtener la certificación de la Marca “Q de Calidad Turística”, reconocimiento externo de que tiene implantado un Sistema de Gestión de la Calidad (SGC), que permite adecuar sus servicios a las expectativas y necesidades de sus clientes. El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es identificar la producción científica que aborda desde diferentes perspectivas la implantación y la certificación de la Marca “Q”, Sistema de Gestión de la Calidad del sector turístico español. La metodología utilizada es el análisis bibliométrico, y bibliográfico de la producción científica recogida en las bases de datos Wos, Scopus, ISOC, ScienceDirect, Redalyc y Scielo. Como resultado, se han identificado 55 artículos, comprendidos entre 1999-2016.
Para conhecer e degustar: uma análise dos atrativos gastronômicos de São Paulo através do Guia da Cidade
Authors: Gimenes-Minasse Maria Henriqueta Sperandio Garcia
Published: February 2018

Este artigo desenvolve, através uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, uma análise dos atrativos gastronômicos da cidade de São Paulo mencionados na publicação oficial Guia da Cidade. A partir de princípios da análise de conteúdo, identifica-se quais são as menções sobre o universo gastronômico e analisa-se as menções relacionadas aos atrativos, identificando sua tipologia e descrição. Como principais resultados destacam-se: o Guia realiza várias menções a elementos gastronômicos; a imagem gastronômica da cidade é marcada pelas ideias de diversidade e dinamicidade; os principais atrativos gastronômicos indicados são o conjunto de bares, restaurantes e similares e o Mercado Municipal.
Presenças e invisibilidades dos afro-brasileiros em Vitória da Conquista (Brasil)
Authors: Silva Alberto Bomfim
Published: February 2018

O presente artigo analisa a presença dos afro-brasileiros no município de Vitória da Conquista e região, dentro de seu contexto histórico, a partir da colonização portuguesa. Vem apoiado nos estudos de autores locais, com observação empírica, e em outras diversas fontes onde se pretende demonstrar a relevância numérica e histórica dessa população e como ocorre essa invisibilidade no que diz respeito à sua distribuição geográfica e de suas representações sociais. Observou-se que essa invisibilidade imprime aspectos fundamentais na construção ideológica dos modelos de religião, cultura, poder e política na sociedade conquistense.
As potencialidades turísticas e sua contribuição para o rural de Macaé-RJ
Authors: Zampier Bonin Nelson Jose
Published: February 2018

Este artigo é resultado de um estudo exploratório sobre as potencialidades turísticas dos distritos da Região Serrana de Macaé, e seus benefícios para as comunidades rurais. Macaé é muito conhecida por ser a capital nacional do petróleo, mas não por abrigar belíssimas paisagens naturais em sua área serrana. O objetivo geral foi analisar as potencialidades turísticas dos distritos serranos e como o turismo pode ajudar na renda e manutenção da vida no campo. Foi utilizada uma breve pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o assunto, pois apenas encontramos trabalhos sobre o distrito do Sana, referente ao turismo. Então, foram realizadas visitas aos locais e levantamento de dados. Como resultado do trabalho, percebemos que existe um grande potencial turístico em toda a região, mas que ainda necessita de investimento em infraestrutura e de adaptação dos proprietários de terras para abrigar mais atrativos turísticos e protegê-los, mantendo o cotidiano de vida rural e produção rural, não apenas usufruindo simplesmente de cachoeiras e serras.
Sports Uniforms and Copyright: Implications for Applied Art Educators from the Star Athletica Decision
Authors: Benson Sara R.
Published: February 2018

In the course of one decision, Star Athletica, the Supreme Court selected the appropriate test to delineate the line between copyrightable creative expression and non-copyrightable functional work, reversed a long-standing rule about the inability to copyright fashion, and changed the game for graphic and industrial designers wishing to protect the more pragmatic pieces of their art. This article proceeds with a brief history of the Star Athletica case, including the lower court judgments, a discussion of the Supreme Court holding in the case, the applicability of the Supreme Court holding to fashion, graphic design, and industrial design industries going forward, and concludes with some final thoughts about the implications of the outcome of the case.
Study of outcome of pregnancy in women with heart disease
Authors: Gehlot Hanslata , Singh Nidhi
Published: February 2018

Background: Heart disease complicates 1% of all pregnancies. Objective of the study is to evaluate the maternal and fetal outcome in patients with cardiac disease in pregnancy.Methods: An observational study was carried out in 25 pregnant women with known or newly diagnosed heart disease at tertiary care hospital.Results: The average age of women was 21-25 (36%), in which primigravida 52% and 48% were multigravida. 56% patients were unbooked and 44% booked. Rheumatic heart disease was the commonest aetiology and was found in 56% of patients. While 16% patients had RHD with PAH. Three (12%) patient had prosthetic valve replacement. 8% patient had Congenital heart disease while 8% had peripartum cardiomyopathy. 60% delivered vaginally and 40% of them had delivered by LSCS for various obstetrical indications. In our study none of the patient required therapeutic termination of pregnancy. Majority of patients 92% in our study group had no obstetric maternal complications. Two (8%) maternal mortality occurred in our study. Low birth weight babies were 24%, preterm labour in 4% patient. 8% babies were growth restricted. Regarding fetal outcome 25 were live birth babies. None of the patient had congenitally malformed baby and there was no perinatal loss in this study.Conclusions: Early diagnosis of heart disease, regular antenatal checkups, institutional delivery and collaboration between cardiologist and obstetrician should result in a fall in maternal deaths from conditions already diagnosed before pregnancy.
Transvaginal sonographic evaluation of cervical length in the second trimester as a risk factor for preterm delivery
Authors: Sherafudeen Shaila , Viswanath Anju , Joseph Sheena Mary
Published: February 2018

Background: Preterm delivery continues to be a significant obstetric problem in view of prematurity complications that an immature new born develops. Cervical length is considered to be one of the important predictors of the risk of preterm delivery. There are only a few studies evaluating cervical length as risk factor for preterm delivery in the Indian population. The present study is undertaken to estimate the risk of preterm delivery in women with cervical length < 2.5 cm measured by transvaginal sonography at 18-24 weeks of gestation in South Indian population.Methods: All booked singleton pregnancies attending the Out Patient Department OPD at SAT Hospital Trivandrum, who have the correct dating and came for anomaly scan between 18-24 weeks were included for cervical length measurement with transvaginal ultrasound scanning. Selected patients were then followed till pregnancy was terminated. The outcome of pregnancy in term of period of gestation at delivery was assessed.Results: A total of 202 antenatal patients were followed up from 18-24 weeks of gestation till their termination of pregnancy and among these 101 patients had a cervical length <2.5 cm. The mean cervical length in patients with preterm delivery (n=63) was 2.4 cm and in term delivery (n=139) was 2.91 cm respectively. Of the total patients (n=202) followed, 31.2% (n=63) had preterm delivery whereas 68.8% (n=139) had term delivery. In the 101 patients with cervical length <2.5 cm, 76.2% (n=48) had preterm delivery when compared to 23.8% (n=15) of patients with cervical length>2.5 cm (n=101). The cervical length of <2.5 cm at 18-24 weeks of gestation was found to be statistically significant (p value-<0.001) in relation to outcome of delivery. The relative risk for preterm delivery in patients with cervical length<2.5 cm was 3.2 times that of patients with >2.5cm. The history of previous preterm delivery was found to be statistically significant (p value=<0.001) for preterm labour in future pregnancies. The relative risk for preterm delivery in patients with previous history of preterm labour was 3 times when compared to patients with previous term delivery. Patients with history of UTI (urinary tract infection) had 2.3 times risk for preterm delivery and relative risk for preterm delivery in patient with vaginitis was 6.8 times. The cervical length of <2.5 cm and vaginitis are independent risk factor for preterm delivery.Conclusions: Short cervix (cervical length <2.5 cm) at 18-24 weeks of gestation is a risk factor for preterm delivery. A cervical length <2.5 cm has a relative risk of 3 for preterm delivery. Previous history of preterm birth has 3 times increased risk of preterm delivery in future pregnancies. History of urinary tract infection and vaginitis also increases risk of preterm delivery. The cervical length at 18-24 weeks, history of vaginitis and UTI were found to be independent risk factors for preterm delivery.
Primary caesarean section in multigravida
Authors: Munusamy Mohana Dhanapal , Sengodan Subha Sivagami , Duraisamy Kalaivarasi Umapathy
Published: February 2018

Background: This study was done to analyse primary caesarean section in multigravida who had delivered vaginally. Indications for caesarean section were studied in relation to age, gravida, maternal and foetal morbidity.Methods: This study was conducted in Goverment Mohankumaramangalam Medical College and Hospital, Salem. It was a retrospective study from September 2016 to August 2017.Results: Most of cases were referred as an emergency. Most common age group was between 20-30 years. Majority were second gravida. Among the various indications for primary caesarean section in multigravida, foetal distress (18.12%), hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (16.10%), CPD (15.43%), APH (12.08%), malpresentation (10.73%) were the common indications. In intraoperative complication PPH was most common (16.77%). In postoperative complication fever was the most common (20.80%). Still birth occurred in 10.06% of cases, 42 babies were admitted in NICU and babies had APGAR >7 (61.74%).Conclusions: Implementation of standard labour management strategies can decrease primary caesarean rate without compromising maternal and foetal safety. We must encourage early referral of high risk patient, so that the patient can reach higher centre earlier and proper management could be done before consequences become grave.
Analysis of fetal growth restriction in pregnancy in subjects attending in an obstetric clinic of a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Seal Ashish , Dasgupta Arup , Sengupta Mousumi , Dastider Rinini , Sen Sukanta
Published: February 2018

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is defined as fetal growth less than the normal growth potential of a specific infant because of genetic or environmental factors. Fetal growth restriction or intrauterine growth restriction is one of the leading causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity in newborns. Fetal growth restriction is a complex multifactorial condition resulting from several fetal and maternal disorders. Objective of present study was to find out incidence of IUGR and assessment and evaluation of different important changes in IUGR.Methods: Women who attended the Obstetric OPD in their 1st trimester of pregnancy and those who were thought would be able to visit the antenatal clinic for their fortnightly check-up regularly were screened for intrauterine foetal growth retardation. Women with irregular and uncertain menstrual history and where the 1st trimester USG foetal crown rump length did not corroborate with the menstrual gestational age were excluded from this study.Results: Incidence of IUGR was 18.2% and 84% were found to be asymmetrical. IUGR was found to be double among primigravids and women above 30 years. It had been observed that IUGR was associated with certain conditions like short stature (52%), pregnancy induced hypertension (24%) and anaemia (12%).Conclusions: Thus, early USG screening along with robust screening for maternal BMI, nutritional status, and anaemia can assist the obstetric team in providing early diagnosis, prompt intervention, and better outcome in pregnancy with fetal growth restriction.
Comparison of various method of fetal birth weight estimation in term pregnancy
Authors: Prajapati Darshit G. , Patel Riddhi M.
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Knowledge of fetal weight in utero is vital for the obstetrician in deciding whether or not to deliver the fetus as well as in fixing the mode of delivery. Both low birth weight and excessive fetal weight at delivery are associated with increased risk of newborn complications during labor and the puerperium. Various clinical formulae like Johnson's formula & Dare's formula and USG are in use for fetal weight estimation.Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the fetal weight in term pregnancies by various methods- Dare’s formula, Johnson's formula and Hadlock's formula using ultrasound, and to compare the methods after knowing the actual weight of the baby after birth.Methods: It is a prospective observational study of 227 women at term pregnancy at GMERS medical college & Hospital, sola , Ahmedabad from April 2014 to April 2016. The formulas used in this study are: Johnson's formula, Dare’s formula and Hadlock-4 formula using ultrasound.Result: Results vary in terms of accuracy with various methods employed for estimating the fetal weight. This study showed that Hadlock-4 was the best indicator among all other methods assessed followed by Dare’s formula.Conclusion: Whenever the Facility is available, Ultrasound is the best method for birth weight assessment. Dare’s formula is an inexpensive method for screening for fetal growth restriction. It continues to be used in many countries on large scale because of its low cost, ease of use, and need for little training as the setup for ultrasonographic evaluation is not readily available in rural setups.
Retrospective study on the effect of Body Mass Index (BMI) on maternal and neonatal outcome
Authors: Shah Pooja M. , Chhatrapati Anagha K. , Bandekar Pooja K.
Published: February 2018

Background: Obesity has become health problem worldwide. Prevalence of obesity has increased globally with more incidence observed in female than male. Objective of present study was assessment of maternal outcome in term of associated medical disorder and mode of delivery and assessment of neonatal outcome.Methods: The retrospective study performed at Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital, a tertiary care centre between 1st January 2017 to 30th November 2017. Total 64 patients were enrolled. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were studied in all nulligravida women with high BMI using logistic regression adjusted for confounding variable.Results: Women with high BMI were at increased risk of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (40.65%), diabetes (7.81%), induction of labour (62.5%), instrumental delivery (14.06%), operative intervention (42.18%), prolonged hospital stay and NICU admission (26.56%).Conclusions: This study observes increase risk of adverse outcome in pregnant women with high BMI.
Instrumental delivery: a comparative study in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: B. T. Bhanu , G. S. Anitha
Published: February 2018

Background: To compare maternal and neonatal outcomes of vacuum versus forceps application in assisted vaginal delivery.Methods: Women in labor with vertex presentation were delivered by indicated/propylactic vacuum or forceps. A total of 500 cases were included in this retrospective study. Maternal and neonatal morbidity were compared in terms of perineal lacerations, episiotomy extension, post-partum hemorrhage, Apgar score, neonatal jaundice, perinatal mortality, NICU admissions etc. Chi square test was used to analyze the data.Results: Maternal morbidity was significant in the forceps group. With regards to neonatal morbidity, in NICU admissions, statistically significant difference was noted.Conclusions: Vacuum and forceps should remain appropriate tools in the modern obstetrics. However, ventouse may be chosen first (if there is no fetal distress) as it is significantly less likely to injure the mother and decrease NICU admissions.
Evaluation of acceptability, safety and expulsion rate of PPIUCD
Authors: Chauhan R. , Sahni Sonal , Hanumantaiya Shaily
Published: February 2018

Background: The modern intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) is highly effective, safe, private, long acting, coitus independent, rapidly reversible, cost effective and can be used by women who are breastfeeding. This study was conducted to evaluate factors associated with acceptability, safety and expulsion rates of PPIUCD among clients in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, N. S. C. B Medical College, Jabalpur.Methods: A questionnaire based prospective study was conducted between March 2016 -17 on all the clients who were counseled for PPIUCD and who fulfilled the WHO Medical Eligibility criteria. Proforma included follow up at 6 weeks post-delivery.Results: In our study 961 women accepted PPIUCD (53.3%). Majority of the cases belonged to low socioeconomic group with low literacy rates. Most acceptors counseled in antenatal period (53.1%). Majority (67.3%) of insertions were post placental and instrumental (89%). At the time of insertion most clients experienced mild pain (49.7%) & anxiety (42.5%). Amongst clients who followed up (51.1%), the most common complaint was pain (16.7%) and most common reason for removal was heavy bleeding. Continuation rate was 77.7%, spontaneous expulsion in 9.75% while voluntarily removal was done in 12.6%. At follow up 91.3% clients were satisfied with PPIUCD.Conclusions: Antenatal counseling has a very important role. Demographic factors influencing acceptance are education, socioeconomic status and family structure. PPIUCD is demonstrably safe and effective method of contraception with low expulsion rate. Awareness about the safety and efficacy of PPIUCD should be emphasized during antenatal visits.
Study of maternal and fetal outcome in antepartum eclampsia in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: R. Aruna Rani , R. Dheeba Jayanthi , S. Eswari
Published: February 2018

Background: In modern obstetrics, the prevalence of Eclampsia and its complications are high, so we decided to study pregnancy outcome in all Antepartum Eclampsia patients. The present study was carried out to investigate the maternal and fetal outcome in patient with Antepartum eclampsia.Methods: A prospective study was conducted in Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College Hospital, Salem, India over a period of one year from January 2016 to December 2016 in all Antepartum Eclampsia patients. Analysis was done regarding the age of women, parity, gestational age, imminent symptoms, mode of delivery, fetal outcome and maternal morbidity and mortality.Results: Incidence of Antepartum Eclampsia in our hospital is 0.7%. It is more common in age group of 20 to 25years (68.5%) and primigravida (56%) and gestational age >37 weeks (51.85%). Commonest mode of delivery was by caesarean section (72%). Out of 54 patients of Antepartum Eclampsia 3 (5.5%) died and 18 (33%) had complications. Out of 50 live babies, 16 (32%) died.Conclusions: Eclampsia is still one of the important and common obstetric emergencies and it has a significant role in maternal and fetal outcome. The early identification of risk factors and timely intervention is needed to improve maternal and perinatal outcome.
Utilization pattern and associated factors of maternal health care services in Haryana, India: a study based on district level household survey data
Authors: Ray Shinjini , Bhandari Pravat , Prasad Jang Bahadur
Published: February 2018

Background: Maternal health was one of the most important millennium development goals (MDGs), India didn’t achieve by the year 2015. Since, India is a multicultural, social and multiregional country, where some of the regions have good social and demographic achievement while some are poor. Haryana is one of them, which has 146 maternal mortality ratio. The level of receiving antenatal care (ANC) in Haryana is quite low as compared to other states of India. Objective of present study was to Understand the extent of use of maternal health care services in Haryana as well as examining the role of antenatal care and other socio-economic factors on the utilization of maternal health services.Methods: Bivariate analysis, chi-square test, and binary logistic regression have been used based on district level household and facility survey-4 data.Results: The utilization of ANC (any and full), institutional delivery and post-delivery treatment seeking varies among women by literacy, age at first marriage, age at women and place of residence. Literate women are two times more likely to access ANC [odds ratio (OR)=1.97 (any ANC), 1.95 (full ANC), p<0.01] and 1.52 times more likely to prefer institutional delivery [OR=1.52, p<0.01].Conclusions: Empowering women through the encouragement of mother’s education should be one of the most fundamental strategies to promote maternal health care services and reduce inequalities.