bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of MBR technology for the improvement of environmental footprint of wastewater treatment
Authors: Lazarova V. , Martin Ruel S. , Barillon B. , Dauthuille P.
Published: September 2012

This paper aims to demonstrate the relevance of membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology for the reduction of the environmental footprint of wastewater treatment in terms of removal of microbial and organic trace pollutants with increased reliability of operation. The application of a holistic approach using failure mode analysis, life cycle analysis (LCA), water quality fingerprints and environmental impacts underlines the lower environmental footprint of MBRs compared with conventional activated sludge. Several elements of this empirical approach can be included to upgrade the existing LCA tools in order to include the reduction of eco-toxicity, better human health protection and water reuse.
Quantum efficiencies of the photo-Fenton degradation of atrazine in water
Authors: Benzaquén T. B. , Isla M. A. , Alfano O. M.
Published: September 2012

An experimental work in a well-stirred batch recycling reactor for the photo-Fenton degradation of atrazine in water is presented. A study of the quantum efficiency is performed to assess the effectiveness of the photo-Fenton process on the atrazine degradation and total organic carbon (TOC) mineralization. Apparent and absolute quantum efficiencies of degradation and mineralization of an atrazine-based commercial herbicide are determined under different experimental conditions. Higher apparent efficiencies were found for both atrazine degradation and TOC mineralization when the ferric ion and hydrogen peroxide concentrations are increased. Because of the well known stability of the triazine ring, atrazine was not completely mineralized by the photo-Fenton process. However, a TOC reduction of 40% was achieved, being 62.5% of the maximum value that can be reached.
Suppression of PAMPs, Pathogen-Associated Microbial Patterns, Induced Cytokine Synthesis of PBMC, Human Blood Mononuclear Cells, by
Immunoglobulin Preparation
Authors: Yamamoto Ayumi , N. Miura Noriko , Oharaseki Toshiaki , Takahashi Kei , Naoe Shiro , Suzuki Kazuo , Ohno Naohito
Published: August 2012

The applications of immunoglobulin preparation for intravenous injection (IVIg) for various intractable diseases
are increasing. The two major clinical indications for IVIg are the replacement therapy and the anti-inflammation
therapy for a variety of acute and chronic autoimmune diseases. One of the proposed mechanisms of IVIg activity is the
modulation of cytokine expression and function; therefore, we analyzed the effect of IVIg on pathogen-associated molecular
pattern (PAMP)-induced cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The production of
tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as a result of stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid
sodium salt (Poly I:C), or Pam3CysSerLys4 (Pam3) was significantly inhibited by sulfonated-IVIg (S-IVIg), or by F(ab')2.
Assessed by one-color microarray analysis, the expressions of 229 genes were inhibited to 1/200 or less by F(ab')2. On the
other hand, the expressions of 159 genes were increased by more than 100-fold by F(ab')2. According to these results, it
was suggested that IVIg inhibits inflammatory PAMPs-induced cytokine production by PBMCs, due to the modulation of
varieties of gene expression.
Is Triangle Really Yellow? An Empirical Investigation of Kandinsky's Correspondence Theory
Authors: Kharkhurin Anatoliy V.
Published: August 2012

Kandinsky proposed a fundamental correspondence between primary colors and elementary forms: yellow – triangle, red – square, and blue – circle. This theory evoked a strong opposition among artists, design experts, and researchers. This theory was tested in two experiments. In Experiment 1 non-artist university students ( N = 284) were directly asked about the color-form assignment using a modified version of Kandinsky's questionnaire. The evidence did not support Kandinsky's theory. Rather, their preferences for colored forms were guided by pragmatic associations. A sub-sample ( N = 56) was further tested indirectly using a color-form priming technique, the evidence similarly not supporting Kandinsky's theory. Experiment 2 replicated the results of Experiment 1 in another sample of non-artist university students ( N = 60) using color/form recognition test. These findings are in line with earlier investigations which had employed survey methods to assess preference for colors and forms. Having presented a consistent pattern of results among the general population, eventually this theory must also be tested in a synesthetic population.
Perceptions of Group-Led Online Discussions: The Benefits of Cooperative Learning
Authors: Dietz-Uhler Beth , Lanter Jason R.
Published: August 2012

To assess the effectiveness of a cooperative learning activity, students were randomly assigned to small groups and asked to lead an online discussion. Responses to a survey administered at the completion of the course suggest that the activity was effective in meeting its goals of promoting student interaction and increasing perceived student learning. More interesting are results showing that student satisfaction with elements of cooperative learning was positively related to their satisfaction with the activity, perceptions of the success of the activity in meeting its goals, perceived amount of learning, past group experiences, and grade on the activity. These results are discussed in the context of the benefits of constructing group activities with the elements of cooperative learning in mind.
Toward a Student-Centered Measure of Learning Management System Utilization
Authors: Malm Eric , Defranco Joanna F.
Published: August 2012

Colleges and universities have spent significant financial and human resources deploying and promoting educational technologies, including Learning Management Systems (LMS). A large body of research now exists on the impact of technology on student learning, including the roles of blended learning, hybrid classes, and distance learning. Yet, despite all of this work, there are surprisingly few policy-focused tools available to assess whether these investments are paying off in the classroom. This article describes a student-centered measure of LMS utilization, average number of student logins per student, as a primary tool for policymakers. While no single measure of LMS utilization will ever answer all needs, the authors argue that a student-centered empirical measure could help move policy discussions forward in important ways. Complementary to theoretical models that focus on faculty adoption, a student-centered approach provides a basic measure of how often technology is being used by the learner. The article illustrates several ways in which the proposed empirical measure could be used to spur dialog about the use of academic technologies on campus.
Honoring Patient Care Preferences: Surrogates Speak
Authors: Buckey Julia W. , Molina Olga
Published: September 2012

A growing body of evidence has pointed to the stressful experience surrounding surrogate decision-making on behalf of incapacitated patients. This study (N = 59) asked surrogates to speak about their experiences immediately after having made a life-sustaining treatment decision. Grounded theory analysis revealed four themes: (1) the emotional impact of the decision-making process on the surrogate; (2) the difficulty of watching a loved one's health deteriorate; (3) the importance of having a Living Will (LW) or other written/verbal instructions; and (4) the reliance on spirituality as a means of coping with the surrogate experience. Findings of this study suggest that engaging surrogates at the time of patient admission may be essential in order to clarify patient preferences and strengthen communication between surrogates and the interdisciplinary healthcare team.
L-Carnitine Treatment in Incident Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Mercadal Lucile , Coudert Mathieu , Vassault Anne , Pieroni Laurence , Debure Alain , Ouziala Messaoud , Depreneuf Hélène , Fumeron Christine , Servais Aude , Bassilios Nader , Bécart Jacques , Assogba Ubald , Allouache Mahmoud , Bouali Boussad , Luong Nhan , Dousseaux Marie Paul , Tezenas-du Montcel Sophie , Deray Gilbert
Published: August 2012

Background

L-carnitine levels decrease rapidly and steadily with duration of hemodialysis, and carnitine depletion can impair response to recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO). The study hypothesis was that L-carnitine supplementation during the first year of hemodialysis would improve this response.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

From October 2006 through March 2010, this multicenter, randomized, double-blinded study assigned 92 incident hemodialysis patients to receive placebo or 1 g of intravenous L-carnitine after each dialysis session for 1 year. The primary outcome measure compared the groups for rHuEPO resistance index (EPO-RI), defined as weekly rHuEPO doses (IU/kg body weight divided by hemoglobin level) (g/dl).

Results

In the L-carnitine group, carnitine concentration increased from a mean ± SD of 79±51 µmol/L to 258±137 µmol/L; in the placebo group, it declined from 68±25 µmol/L to 53±24 µmol/L (interaction group × time, P<0.001). Carnitine deficiency affected about 30% of the patients in the placebo group during the study period. EPO-RI varied from 15.8±11.3 to 9.5±5.8 IU/kg per g/dl in the placebo group and from 20.6±12.8 to 15.6±15.9 IU/kg per g/dl in the L-carnitine group, for a mean variation of −3.94±12.5 IU/kg per g/dl and −2.98±15.5 IU/kg per g/dl, respectively (P=0.7). After adjustment for baseline characteristics, the EPO-RI course was similar in each group (difference between groups, P=0.10; interaction group × time, P=0.9).

Conclusions

Carnitine levels decrease by about 11%±33% during the first year of hemodialysis. Treatment of incident hemodialysis patients with L-carnitine does not improve their response to rHuEPO.
Treatment Strategies for Menstrually Related Migraine
Authors: Allais Gianni , Gabellari Ilaria Castagnoli , Mana Ornella , Benedetto Chiara
Published: August 2012

Approximately 50% of migrainous women suffer from menstrually related migraine (MRM), a type of migraine in which the attacks occur at the same time as or near the menstrual flow. Attacks of MRM tend to be longer, more intense and disabling and sometimes less responsive to treatment than non-menstrual migraines. Similar to the management of non-menstrual migraine, the use of triptans and NSAIDs is the gold standard for MRM treatment. In this paper, the most important studies in the literature that report the effectiveness of triptans, of certain associated drugs and other analgesic agents are summarized. Preventive strategies that can be used if a prophylactic treatment is needed is also analyzed, with particular attention paid to the use of perimenstrual prophylaxis with triptans and/or NSAIDs. Moreover, considering the peculiar interaction between menstrual migraine and female sex hormones, brief mention is made to possible hormonal manipulations.
Management of Mixed Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Grimshaw Rosamund , Jain Preeti , Latthe Pallavi
Published: August 2012

Mixed urinary incontinence accounts for 33% of all incontinence and is the involuntary loss of urine associated with the sensation of urgency; it is also associated with exertion, sneezing or coughing. Riskfactors include vaginal delivery, obesity, age and possible genetic factors. Treatment includes lifestyle changes, behavioral therapies, medication and nerve modulation. Surgery with midurethral slings can cure both stress and urge components in 40–50% of cases. Future therapies may include new medications adapting potassium and calcium channels and more widespread use of sacral neuromodulation. This reviewfocuses on the investigation and optimal management of mixed urinary incontinence.
Characteristics of Systemic Diseases in the Breast: Clinical, Imaging and Pathologic Features
Authors: Masood Shahla
Published: August 2012

Despite tremendous efforts placed on advances in diagnosis and treatment of the spectrum of breast disease, the impact of systemic diseases on the breast has remained under recognized. Distinction between a variety of benign breast diseases versus those that are manifestations of a systemic disease is critically important for appropriate treatment planning and follow-up of patients. This article is designed to provide an overview of different systemic diseases that can present as a breast lesion. Attempts are made to highlight the significance of the distinction between benign breast disease versus benign conditions that present as the result of a systemic disease. Naturally, distinction between any benign condition versus breast carcinoma is a part of the evaluation process.
A study of antibiotic prescribing: the experience of Lithuanian and Russian GPs
Authors: Jaruseviciene Lina , Radzeviciene-Jurgute Ruta , Lazarus Jeffrey , Jurgutis Arnoldas , Ovhed Ingvar , Strandberg Eva , Bjerrum Lars
Published: September 2012

Background. Globally, general practitioners (GPs) write more than 90% of all antibiotic prescriptions. This study examines the experiences of Lithuanian and Russian GPs in antibiotic prescription for upper respiratory tract infections, including their perceptions of when it is not indicated clinically or pharmacologically. Methods. 22 Lithuanian and 29 Russian GPs participated in five focus group discussions. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Results. We identified four main thematic categories: patients’ faith in antibiotics as medication for upper respiratory tract infections; patient potential to influence a GP’s decision to prescribe antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections; impediments perceived by GPs in advocating clinically grounded antibiotic prescribing with their patients, and strategies applied in physician-patient negotiation about antibiotic prescribing for upper respiratory tract infections. Conclusions. Understanding the nature of physician-patient interaction is critical to the effective pursuit of clinically grounded antibiotic use as this study undertaken in Lithuania and the Russian Federation has shown. Both physicians and patients must be targeted to ensure correct antibiotic use. Further, GPs should be supported in enhancing their communication skills about antibiotic use with their patients and encouraged to implement a shared decision-making model in their practices.
Some Perspectives on Rocket as a Vegetable Crop: A Review
Authors: Hall Matthew , Jobling Jenny , Rogers Gordon
Published: August 2012

Some Perspectives on Rocket as a Vegetable Crop: A Review

Baby leaf rocket is consumed worldwide as a salad vegetable. It is usually mixed with other baby leaf crops, such as spinach and lettuce, to form a mesclun-type salad. Rocket crops have become popular due to their distinct taste and textural appearance in mixed salads. There are two common forms of rocket that are commercially cultivated, a perennial species (Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC.) known as perennial wall rocket and an annual species (Eruca sativa Mill.) known as annual garden rocket. The popularity of baby leaf crops has increased in recent years due to consumer demand for a convenient, nutritious and easily accessible product. The baby leaf salad sector is now a significant part of the leafy vegetable market, with growth in this sector estimated to continue. The leaves of cultivars of perennial wall rocket and annual garden rocket have been bred to look similar, allowing for a year-round supply of produce. Despite this, there are many differences between the species that affect their responses to abiotic factors during growth and storage. This paper aims to provide some perspectives on the historical importance, botanical classification and cultivation techniques of these economically important plants.
Studies on Heritability and Multivariate Analyses in Brinjal (Solanum Melongena L.)
Authors: Shekar K. , Ashok P. , Sasikala K.
Published: August 2012

Studies on Heritability and Multivariate Analyses in Brinjal (Solanum Melongena L.)

Thirty one accessions of brinjal were assessed for heritability and genetic divergence for fourteen characters. Highly significant differences were observed among the accessions High phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation was observed for number of leaves per plant, leaf area index, number of fruits per plant, average fruit length, average fruit diameter, fruit yield per plant, fruit yield per plot, fruit yield per hectare. Almost all the characters exhibited high heritability except for plant height (51%) and moderate to low heritability was recorded for average fruit weight (24%). Highest genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for almost all the characters except for days to first flowering, days to first picking, plant height and average fruit weight recorded moderate to low genetic advance as per cent of mean. These thirty one accessions of brinjal were assessed for genetic diversity by adopting Mahalanobis (D2) statistics considering fourteen characters were grouped into 6 clusters. Multivariate analyses revealed maximum divergence among the clusters signifying their role in exploitation of heterosis.
Comparison of Morphological Characteristics of Twelve Cultivars of Tomato Determinate Plants and Their Impact on Yield and its Structure
Authors: Jędrszczyk Elżbieta , Ambroszczyk Anna , Kopcińska Joanna , Skowera Barbara , Sękara Agnieszka
Published: August 2012

Comparison of Morphological Characteristics of Twelve Cultivars of Tomato Determinate Plants and Their Impact on Yield and its Structure

Experiment took place in the open field in the Vegetable Experimental Station of Agricultural University near Cracow in the years 2008-2010. In the experiment twelve, polish-bred determinate tomato cultivars: Sokal F1, Batory F1, Rejtan F1, Hetman F1, Babinicz, Luban, Mieszko F1, III A F1, Awizo F1, Ondraszek, Talon and Hubal were used. In the end of growing season, morphological features of plant were measured, concerning: height of plant, number of lateral shoots, length and thickness of the internode and the number of inflorescences per plant. Harvesting was performed once, at the stage of maturity of individual cultivars. The yield and its structure was calculated. The results were statistically analyzed using NIR Fisher's test, with p=0.05. The dependences of the marketable yield and total yield of tomato plants from morphological characteristics that may affect the yield were analyzed, using multiple regression. The amount of total and marketable yield was negatively correlated with an extensive vegetative growth of tomato plants. Among all the tested cultivars Ondraszek was characterized by the most preferred morphological features and creates one of the highest yields. Cultivars Ondraszek, Sokal F1 and Batory F1 were characterized higher marketable yield, than ‘Hetman F1’. Total and marketable yield depended about 40% on tomato plant morphological features.
Biofortification of Spinach Plants APPLYING Selenium in the Nutrient Solution of Floating System
Authors: Ferrarese Matteo , Sourestani Mohammad , Quattrini Emanuele , Schiavi Massimo , Ferrante Antonio
Published: August 2012

Biofortification of Spinach Plants APPLYING Selenium in the Nutrient Solution of Floating System

Selenium (Se) is a very important element for human health. It is involved in defense mechanisms and biosynthesis of hormones in adult and babies. The Se is a trace element and in the human body is involved in the membrane protection and has anti-cancer action. The Se is a cofactor of glutathione peroxidase and may play an important role against oxidative tissue damage. The aim of this work was to evaluate the floating system for enriching the baby leaf plants by applying the Se directly in the nutrient solution. This experiment was performed using spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) plants grown in the nutrient solution containing 0, 2.6, 3.9 and 5.2 μM Se applied as Na2SeO4.

At harvest time the yield, Se content and quality parameters such as nitrate, reducing sugars and sucrose were determined. The yield was not affected by treatments and depended by seasons.

The Se content in leaves linearly increased with Se concentration in the nutrient solution. The highest value was 160 mg·kg-1 DW. Spinach leaves in the 2.6 and 3.9 μM accumulated 9-11 μg·g-1 DW and were the adequate concentrations for providing the recommended dietary allowance of 55 μg·d-1 for adults. Reducing sugars expressed as glucose equivalent did not change among treatments and ranged from 6 to 9 mg·g-1 FW. The sucrose content ranged from 0.6 to 3 mg·g-1 FW but no differences were observed among treatments. Nitrate contents in leaves were not affected from Se treatments and ranged from 3898 to 4475 mg·kg-1 FW.
Cairaeanthus gen. n. (Cestoda, Rhinebothriidea), with the Description of Two New Species from Dasyatis pastinaca in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov
Authors: Kornyushin V. , Polyakova T.
Published: August 2012

Cairaeanthusgen. n. (Cestoda, Rhinebothriidea), with the Description of Two New Species fromDasyatis pastinacain the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov

Two new species were identified among cestodes collected fromDasyatis pastinaca(Linnaeus, 1758) in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. Their morphology corresponds in the most characters to the descriptions ofPhyllobothrium lactucavan Beneden, 1850 andP. gracilisWedl, 1855 by L. Borcea (Borcea, 1934) and T. P. Pogorel'tseva (Pogorel'tseva, 1960) from the same host and seas. However, some morphological characters of these cestodes (namely, the marginal loculi on the pedicellate bothridia, cephalic peduncle, absence of the apical sucker and post-poral testes, genital pore opening marginally, close to posterior end of proglottid) correspond to diagnosis of Rhinebothriidea. Since the species from the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov did not fit diagnoses of any known genera currently belonging to Rhinebothriidea, the new genus,CairaeanthusKornyushin et Polyakova, gen. n., with two species,C. ruhnkeiKornyushin et Polyakova, sp. n. andC. healyaeKornyushin et Polyakova, sp. n., is established.Cairaeanthusgen. n. differs fromAnthocephalumLinton, 1890 in absence of apical sucker, posteriorly bifid bothridia and vitelline fields interrupted by the ovary, not extending in the posterior end of the proglottid. The new genus can be distinguished fromRhinebothriumLinton, 1890,Echeneibothiumvan Beneden, 1850,RhabdotobothriumEuzet, 1953,RhinebothroidesMayes, Brooks et Thorson, 1981,ScalithriumBall, Neifar et Euzet, 2003 by the absence of facial loculi on the bothridia and by numerous vitelline follicles, stopping at the anterior margin of the ovary; fromRhodobothriumLinton, 1889 - by absence of post-poral testes, and fromSpongiobothriumLinton, 1889 - by numerous vitelline follicles, stopping at the level of ovary.C. ruhnkeisp. n. differs fromC. healyaesp. n. in the lengths of the strobila, the cephalic peduncle and the bothridia pedicel, in size of marginal loculi and the ovary, in the number of the proglottids and the testes in the proglottid, and in the structure of genital atrium. Two new species are differentiated also from the morphologically related speciesPhyllobothrium pastinacaeMokhtar-Mocamouri, Zamali, 1981. Examined type specimens ofP. pastinacaewere attributed to Rhinebothiidea based on a set of morphological characters. However, they appear to differ from all known Rhinebothriidea, including the species from the generaAnthocephalumLinton, 1890 andCairaeanthusgen. n. Taxonomic position ofP.pastinacaeneeds further identification.
Haemopoietic System of the Anurans: The Role of Bone Marrow and Liver
Authors: Akulenko N.
Published: August 2012

Haemopoietic System of the Anurans: The Role of Bone Marrow and Liver

The haemopoietic activity of the frog,Pelophylax ridibunduswas investigated during the year. Liver and bone marrow myelograms were examined in the different seasons using the special indexes and coefficients. It was shown the presence of the erythroid and granulocytic differentiation during the year in the both organs. In the bone marrow is changing the total number of the non-diferentiated haemopoietic cells, but ratio between erythroid and granulocytic progenitors is stabile. The haemopoietic activity of the liver has more prominent season variation in comparison with the marrow, but their total significance is comparable. The erythrocytic differentiation is more prominent during the summer and autumn, but granulocytic one took place in the spring and summer.
Echinopla Cherapunjiensis sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from India
Authors: Bharti H. , Gul I.
Published: August 2012

Echinopla Cherapunjiensis sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from India

Echinopla cherapunjiensis Bharti et Gul, sp. n. is described from India. This represents the second species of genus reported in India, with only Echinopla lineata senilis Mayr, 1862 described earlier from Nicobar Islands. The species distinctly differs from all other known species of this genus by the following combination of characters: globose shape of head, presence of seven teeth on petiolar scale, flat dorsum of mesosoma with promesonotal and mesometanotal sutures obsolete, whole body surface (dorsum) rough due to sinuous sculpture, deep excavations and spiky elevations on head and mesosoma and excavations on gaster.
A New Species of the Genus Otites (Diptera, Ulidiidae) from Crete (Greece)
Authors: Kameneva E.
Published: August 2012

A New Species of the Genus Otites (Diptera, Ulidiidae) from Crete (Greece)

Otites cretana Kameneva sp. n. from Crete (Psiloritis Ridge) is described. It superficially resembles Otites nebulosa (Latreille, 1812) and Dorycera persica Hennig, 1939 in the combination of very high gena and short antenna, but differs from all known Otitini by the thickened costal vein (in male), undulate vein R2+3, lacking ocellar setae and having 3 pairs of short scutellar setae. Status and generic limits of Otites and Dorycera are preliminary discussed.
Nutrient Loading on the Eastern Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea) from the Russian Catchment Area
Authors: Kondratyev Sergey , Trumbull Nathaniel
Published: August 2012

Nutrient Loading on the Eastern Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea) from the Russian Catchment Area

The identification and examination of sources of external loading are important pressure indicators for studying the nutrient balance and eutrophication of water bodies. Focusing on the eastern Gulf of Finland, this paper investigates and decomposes the sources of phosphorus, a limiting factor of eutrophication of the Gulf and its accompanying Neva Bay, and of nitrogen as pressure indicators. The eastern Gulf of Finland's catchment basin represents Europe's largest freshwater basin. Both point and non-point sources of pollution, as well as their current and possible withdrawals from the watershed's nutrient loading, are considered. The investigation identifies poultry plants and animal husbandry enterprises in the coastal watershed as critical contributing sources to eutrophication in the eastern Gulf of Finland. Analyses based on such pressure indicators can help to contribute directly to future policy-making as concerns environmental protection measures and water resources planning in the eastern Gulf of Finland and other regions.
Groundwater Drought in the Nitra River Basin - Identification and Classification
Authors: Fendeková Miriam , Fendek Marián
Published: August 2012

Groundwater Drought in the Nitra River Basin - Identification and Classification

Drought as a natural phenomenon becomes more often the subject of the research. It is because of the increasing frequency of extreme climatic events also in mild climate conditions. Groundwater drought indices could be derived for different groundwater parameters, among them for base flow, groundwater head stage, spring yield, or groundwater recharge. Base flow drought assessment methods were proposed in the paper. Base flow values were separated from the discharge hydrograms using the new HydroOffice 2010 program package, lately developed by Gregor. The base flow drought severity index was applied, calculated as the value of the base flow drought deficit volume divided by the drought duration. After that, the standardized base flow drought severity index was proposed as the ratio of the base flow drought index and the average long-term annual base flow. Proposed methods were applied in the Nitra River basin. Base flow drought occurrence was characterized also from the seasonality point of view.
Problems implementing the "National Program for Expanding of Forest Cover" following Poland's accession to the European Union
Authors: Kaliszewski Adam
Published: August 2012

Problemy realizacji "Krajowego programu zwiększania lesistości" po wstąpieniu Polski do Unii Europejskiej
Prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in staphylococci isolated from ready-to-eat meat products
Authors: Podkowik M. , Bystroń J. , Bania J.
Published: August 2012

Prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in staphylococci isolated from ready-to-eat meat products

Prevalence of mecA, blaZ, tetO/K/M, ermA/B/C, aph, and vanA/B/C/D genes conferring resistance to oxacillin, penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, and vancomycin was investigated in 65 staphylococcal isolates belonging to twelve species obtained from ready-to-eat porcine, bovine, and chicken products. All coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) and S. aureus isolates harbored at least one antibiotic resistance gene. None of the S. aureus possessed more than three genes, while 25% of the CNS isolates harbored at least four genes encoding resistance to clinically used antibiotics. In 15 CNS isolates the mecA gene was detected, while all S. aureus isolates were mecA-negative. We demonstrate that in ready-to-eat food the frequency of CNS harboring multiple antibiotic resistance genes is higher than that of multiple resistant S. aureus, meaning that food can be considered a reservoir of bacteria containing genes potentially contributing to the evolution of antibiotic resistance in staphylococci.
Simultaneous detection of astrovirus, rotavirus, reovirus and adenovirus type I in broiler chicken flocks
Authors: Roussan D. , Shaheen I. , Khawaldeh G. , Totanji W. , Al-Rifai R.
Published: August 2012

Simultaneous detection of astrovirus, rotavirus, reovirus and adenovirus type I in broiler chicken flocks

Enteric diseases cause substantial economic losses to the poultry industry. Astroviruses, rotaviruses, reoviruses, and adenovirus type 1 have been reported as a significant cause of intestinal symptoms in poultry. In the present study, intestinal samples from 70 commercial broiler chicken flocks were examined for the presence of astroviruses, rotavirus, and reovirus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and for the presence of group I adenovirus by polymerase chain reaction. Astroviruses were identified in 38.6% of samples tested. Both avian nephritis virus and chicken astrovirus were identified in the astrovirus positive flocks, where 74.1% of these flocks were positive for only one type of astrovirus, whereas, 25.9% of these flocks were positive for both types of astrovirus. Reoviruses, rotaviruses, and adenoviruses were identified in 21.4, 18.6, and 14.3% of these flocks, respectively. Concomitant infection with two or more viruses in the same flock were also prominent, where 5.7, 5.7, 2.9, 2.9, 1.4, and 1.4% of these flocks were positive with both astrovirus and rotavirus; astrovirus and adenovirus; astrovirus and reovirus; rotavirus and adenovirus; rotavirus and reovirus; and reovirus and adenovirus respectively. Moreover, 4.3 and 2.7% of these flocks were positive for astrovirus, reovirus, and adenovirus; and astrovirus, reovirus, and rotavirus, respectively. Further studies will focus on identifying specific viral factors or subtypes/subgroups associated with disease through pathogenesis studies, economic losses caused by infections and co-infections of these pathogens, and the costs and benefits of countermeasures.
The effect of supplementing organic diets with fish meal and premix on the performance of pigs and some meat and blood characteristics
Authors: Grela E. , Matras J. , Pisarski R. , Sobolewska S.
Published: August 2012

The effect of supplementing organic diets with fish meal and premix on the performance of pigs and some meat and blood characteristics

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fish meal and mineral-vitamin premix, supplementing organic diets, on the performance of pigs and some meat and blood characteristics. The experiment was conducted on an organic pig fattening farm. The study involved 120 pigs with an approximate 25 kg body weight. Animals were divided into 3 groups, kept in pens, 10 animals each. Group I (control) animals were fed with plant feedstuffs of organic origin. Diets for group II and III were enriched with fish meal or fish meal and vitamin-mineral premix, respectively. The experiment was carried out till pigs reached a weight of 115 kg. Feed samples were subjected to laboratory analyses. Body weight (3 times) and feed intake were recorded. Blood samples were collected (2 times) to determine hematological and biochemical indices. Some parameters in meat samples were also determined. The fish meal addition improved (P ≤ 0.05) the average daily gains as well as feed conversion ratio during fattening period and mineral-vitamin premix significantly (P ≤ 0.05) fortified fish meal influence. Fish meal supplement improved (P ≤ 0.05) also some carcass characteristics. Supplementation of the diet with premix additionally decreased (P ≤ 0.05) backfat thickness and increased share of meat in carcass. Fish meal improved (P ≤ 0.05) some meat characteristics and elevated content of some polyunsaturated fatty acids. An increase in hemoglobin, red blood cell, white blood cell and cholesterol level in blood of animals from both experimental groups were also found. The results obtained proved the usefulness of fish meal and mineral-vitamin premix in the fatteners nutrition based on organic diets.
Moral norms in older Swedish women's drinking narratives. Enduring patterns and successively new features
Authors: Abrahamson Maria
Published: August 2012

Aims

To examine how the changes in women's relationship to alcohol during the 1960s appear in narratives of situated drinking occasions.

Data

Newly collected autobiographies written by women born between 1918 and 1951 are analysed using theories by William Labov on narrative construction and Kenneth Burke on the rhetoric of motives.

Results

The historically restrictive attitude to women at all drinking is present in the oldest women's narratives, while the liberalisation of attitudes to alcohol that took place in the 1960s likewise marks the narratives told by the younger women, even though they when writing are of pension able age. With the writers’ diminishing age, the norms framing the narratives have changed, from sobriety among the oldest women to controlled moderation among the younger. And yet, the narratives also demonstrate a stable pattern of questioning women's drinking, although the focus has shifted from tasting alcohol at all to the state of becoming intoxicated.

Conclusions

A controlling norm remains in place, which the women have internalised and made their own. The mitigating circumstances and the neutralising explanations that are presented throughout indicate that the women are conscious of the narratives’ deviation from the prevailing norm, and show that women take a risk in drinking alcohol. When a woman drinks she risks her femininity.
Snow Mould Development under Conditions of Central Part of Latvia
Authors: Bankina Biruta , Ruza Antons , Katamadze Merabs , Kreita Dzintra , Paura Līga
Published: August 2012

Snow Mould Development under Conditions of Central Part of Latvia

Snow mould is a common disease of winter cereals in moderate and cold climatic areas. Snow mould of winter cereals has been observed sporadically in Latvia. Sharp development of this disease (caused byMicrodochium nivale) was noticed in 2005-2007. The aim of the investigations was to clarify peculiarities of snow mould development depending on different agroecological conditions. Observations of snow mould incidence were carried out in the central part of Latvia - at the Study and research farm "Peterlauki" of the Latvia University of Agriculture during 2005-2008. The average incidence of snow mould was 40% (5-60%) in 2005, 31% (14-63%) in 2006, and 36% (2-95%) in 2007. The highest incidence of the disease was established for cultivar ‘Cubus’ (23-95% depending on the year and the sowing time). A moderate development of snow mould was observed for variety ‘Zentos’ (5-60%), but only 2-50% of damaged plants were found for ‘Tarso’. The main reason of sharp development of the disease was too early sowing of winter wheat, whereas late time of wheat sowing, on average, significantly decreased the development of snow mould (p<0.001). Further investigations are necessary to better understand the complex of factors which influenced wheat susceptibility against snow mould.
Changes in Sugar Content in Winter Wheat during Overwintering
Authors: Ruža Antons , Kreišmane Dzidra , Kreita Dzintra , Strikauska Silvija
Published: August 2012

Cukura satura izmaiņas ziemas kviešu augos ziemošanas periodā
Fractions and Chemical Content of Forest Litterfall in Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Stand in Level II Forest Monitoring Plot
Authors: Bārdule Arta , Lazdiņš Andis , Bārdulis Andis , Lazdiņa Dagnija , Stola Jeļena
Published: August 2012

Meža nobiru frakcijas un to ķīmiskais sastāvs priežu (Pinus sylvestris L.) audzē 2. līmeņa meža monitoringa parauglaukumā
The Concentration of Immunoglobulins A, G, and M in Cow Milk and Blood in Relation with Cow Seasonal Keeping and Pathogens Presence in the Udder
Authors: Kociņa Iveta , Antāne Vita , Lūsis Ivars
Published: August 2012

The Concentration of Immunoglobulins A, G, and M in Cow Milk and Blood in Relation with Cow Seasonal Keeping and Pathogens Presence in the Udder

Recent studies show that immunoglobulins A, G, and M contribute significantly to the maintenance of udder health. Unfortunately, the concentration of immunoglobulins in cow milk during the middle period of lactation is low therefore the question of how to stimulate and maintain a sufficient level and spectrum of antibodies in the udder is topical. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the dynamics of the amount of immunoglobulins A, G, and M in cow milk and blood serum in relation with the cow seasonal keeping and presence of pathogens in the udder. The experimental part of the study was carried out on the dairy farm "Pērles", Valmiera region. Cows were kept in a cold loose housing system, grouped and fed differently depending on cow productivity and lactation period. Two times in the housing period and two times in the grazing period milk and blood were sampled from 16 dairy cows and examined for the concentration of immunoglobulins A, G, and M and for the presence of pathogens. Cows for the study were selected with the aim to analyze the milk obtained from clinically healthy udder quarters of cows of similar-age and productivity in the middle stage of lactation. It was determined that seasonal keeping of cows had significantly affected the concentration of immunoglobulins G and A in milk (p<0.001), and of immunoglobulins A, G, and M in blood serum (p<0.001). Some pathogenic bacteria species infecting the udder quarters had considerably influenced the values of immunoglobulins G, A, and M (p<0.05,p<0.001, andp<0.001, respectively) in blood serum. A wide variation amplitude of immunoglobulin G, A, and M concentration in milk and blood serum was observed, which indicates the important role of the individual factor of an animal in the formation of animal defence response.
The Role of Pilates and Aquafitness Exercises in Sustaining the Health and Fitness of Elderly Women
Authors: Boguszewski Dariusz , (Cieślik) Monika , Adamczyk Jakub , Ochal Andrzej
Published: August 2012

The Role of Pilates and Aquafitness Exercises in Sustaining the Health and Fitness of Elderly Women

Background: The aim of this study was an evaluation of the effectiveness of two forms of physical activity: Pilates and aquafitness - gymnastics in water, in sustaining the health and fitness of women after the age of 55.Material and methods: In research groups were twenty five volunteer women - participants of physical training of the age from 55 to 76 years. One of the groups (Group 1) conducted exercise according to the Pilates method, and the second group (Group 2) practiced in water - aquafitness. The exercises took place once a week, 1.5 hours each. The research ("up and go" test, test for strength and endurance of lower limbs, test for strength of upper limbs, test for suppleness of the lower body part) has been conducted twice - in the first four weeks of training and after ten weeks.Results: The strength of upper limbs considerably increased (p=0.038) in the case of women practicing in water. The program of aquafitness contains a lot of resistance exercises for the upper limbs, which had impact on the above mentioned result. Improvement in the results of tests of suppleness of lower body part was observed (after an 10-week cycle of exercises) in Pilates groups.Conclusions: Pilates and aquafitness were beneficial for the level of suppleness of seniors. The frequency of exercises - once a week - is insufficient for sustaining full fitness, however, even such minimal doze of physical activity positively affects the physical and mental condition of the seniors.
Martial Arts Trauma Recovery Strategies
Authors: Slăvilă Mircea , Dumitrescu Remus , Aducovschi Daniela
Published: August 2012

Martial Arts Trauma Recovery Strategies

Martial arts expose the practitioners to accidents that include injuries, especially traumatic. The technical, physical and psychological training along with the rest of the sport training factors are responsible for trauma production. Athletes make a huge physical and mental labor, therefore, both during training and competitions, they could acquire injuries of different severity.
A Comparative Study on Strength between American College Male and Female Students in Caucasian and Asian Populations
Authors: Chen Gong , Liu Liu , Yu Jing
Published: August 2012

A Comparative Study on Strength between American College Male and Female Students in Caucasian and Asian Populations

Muscle strength has been considered as a major factor on sport performance, martial arts competitions, self-defense, and other physical activities. The purpose of the study was to investigate potential difference on muscle strength between male and female college students. The results indicated that the muscle strength of female students is significantly lower than male students on strength of arm, upperbody and chest, shoulder, leg, and abdominal. Females have 37-68% of muscle strength of males in general. The difference on muscle strength between females and males is more on upper body, and less on lower body. Females are relatively stronger on their legs than arms and shoulders.
Effect of Intranasal Steroids on Glucose and Hemoglobin A1c Levels in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Mizrachi Aviram , Bachar Gideon , Yaniv Eitan , Hadar Tuvia , Vinker Shlomo
Published: September 2012

Background

Intranasal steroids are widely used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the nose and sinuses such as rhinosinusitis, allergic rhinitis, and nonallergic rhinitis. Along with the general otherwise healthy population, many diabetic patients use intranasal steroids as well. This study was designed to evaluate the adverse effects of long-term treatment with intranasal corticosteroid preparations in diabetic patients.

Methods

The study group included all diabetic patients treated with intranasal steroids for at least 3 months at primary care clinics in Clalit Health Services Central District in Israel in 2002–2007. The central database had been reviewed for demographic data, medical history, medications, and laboratory test results.

Results

A total of 1768 diabetic patients were treated with topical nasal steroid sprays during the study period. Data on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels both before and during steroid treatment was available for 245 patients, and data on fasting serum glucose levels at both time points was available for 163 patients. On statistical analysis, there was no change in either measure from baseline to 3 months after starting treatment (p = 0.104 and p = 0.101, respectively). Treatment with triamcinolone acetonide was associated with a significantly greater increase in fasting serum glucose levels than other preparations (p = 0.006).

Conclusion

Intranasal corticosteroids seem to have no adverse effects on HbA1c and serum glucose levels in diabetic patients. Their long-term use appears to be safe, provided that the patients are carefully monitored, especially those receiving triamcinolone acetonide.
Dysregulated Survivin Expression in Nasal Polyps of Individuals with Aspirin Exacerbated Respiratory Disease
Authors: Fruth Kai , Schramek Eduard , Docter Dominic , Haxel Boris R. , Schneider Astrid , Mann Wolf J. , Brieger Juergen
Published: September 2012

Background

A derailed balance of cell proliferation and apoptosis is presumed to result in cell hyperplasia as a typical feature of nasal polyps. Survivin, a protein of the inhibitors of the apoptosis family is proposed to promote polyp formation. However, studies concerning survivin expression in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps are rare and the specificity of the survivin expression in nasal polyps from individuals with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) has not been investigated.

Methods

Immunohistochemical survivin expression analysis was performed. Samples were taken from the ethmoid sinus of individuals with CRS with nasal polyps with and without AERD during sinus surgery and control specimens of the inferior turbinate from individuals without CRS. Cell cultures were stimulated with recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF165) and the resulting survivin expression was analyzed by Western blot.

Results

The survivin expression of 61 specimens was analyzed by quantitative immunohistochemistry d a potential VEGF-dependant stimulation of survivin in cell cultures was investigated. The survivin expression in nasal polyps from individuals with AERD was increased compared with the controls (median, 1194 versus 927 arbitrary units [A.U.]; p = 0.054). Western blot analysis revealed in vitro a VEGF-dependant regulation of survivin in nasal polyps from individuals without AERD, but not in those with AERD (p = 0.05).

Conclusion

Enhanced survivin expression might result in decreased apoptosis and cellular hyperplasia as a part of the largely unknown pathophysiology of nasal polyp formation. Furthermore, we hypothesize a pathological, VEGF-independent constitutive survivin expression in nasal polyps of individuals with AERD.
Study of psychiatric disorders among nepalese patients working abroad and their family members
Authors: Yengkokpam B , Shah SK , Bhantana GR
Published: August 2012

This study was carried out among the patients working abroad and their family members, having various psychiatric disorders. 80 patients attending psychiatry OPD between the age of 15 to 65 years both male and female in the period of July 2009 to July 2010 were included. The results were tabulated as per the diagnostic criteria of International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Out of total 80 patients, 41 were males and 39 were females, whose husbands were working abroad. 30 cases were of depression,out of which 16 were males and 14 were females.18 cases were having anxiety disorders out of which 5 were males and 13 were females. 12 cases were suffering from psychotic disorders out of which 10 were males and 2 were females.7 cases were having dissociative disorders with 1 male and 6 females.4 cases were having somatoform disorders with 2 males and 2 females.1 male and 1 female were suffering from mania.1 male and 1 female were suffering from bipolar affective disorder. 2 males were alcohol dependent and 2 males were having obsessive compulsive disorder. 1 male was having organic psychosis. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2011,Vol-6,No-4, 1-6 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v6i4.6718