bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green Antibiotic Daun Sirih (Piper betle l.) Sebagai Pengganti Antibiotik Komersial untuk Penanganan Mastitis
Authors: Lutviandhitarani Gabby , Harjanti Dian Wahyu , Wahyono Fajar
Published: October 2015

(Green antibiotic betel leaf (Piper betle l.) as a substitute  for commercial antibiotic in mastitis treatment) ABSTRACT. The present study was carried out to investigate the possible antibacterial activity of betel leaf on the amount and microscopic appearance of mastitis-causing bacteria. The randomized block design with 5 treatment groups were : K group (mastitis milk only as negative control), Ab group (mastitis milk + antibiotic penicillin-dihydrostreptomycin as positive control),  S1 group (mastitis milk + 1,25 ml betel leaf water extract), S2 group (mastitis milk+ 2,5 ml betel leaf water extract), and S3 group (mastitis milk + 5 ml betel leaf water extract). The result showed that the amount of bacteria in the betel leaves groups (S1, S2, and S3 groups) were lower (P 0,05) than that of the control group (K group). Nonetheless the different concentration of betel leaf water extract in the S1, S2 and S3 groups did not affect to the amount of bacteria (P 0,05). Moreover, this research showed that betel leaf water extract had the same effectiveness with commercial antibiotic penicillin-dihydrostreptomycin to inhibit the growth of bacteria as indicated by the same amount of bacteria (P0,05) among the betel leaf groups (S1, S2, and S3 groups) and the Ab group. Gram-positive and negative bacteria were seen in the K group. However, only Gram-negative bacteria were visible in the betel leaf groups (S1, S2, and S3 groups) and in the Ab groups, indicating that betel leaf had the same effectiveness as penicillin-dihydrostreptomycin to inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria.
Kajian Potensi Produksi Hijauan Pakan pada Lahan Eksisting dan Potensial untuk Meningkatkan Populasi Ternak Ruminansia di Kabupaten Aceh Besar
Authors: Delima Mira , Karim Abubakar , Yunus M.
Published: October 2015

(The study of prospective forage production on existing and potential land use to support increasing livestock population in Aceh Besar) ABSTRACT. The purpose of this research was to find out the width and scattered location of existing land use which its land capability class suitable for pastures; forage production prospective, and land carrying capacity. The combination of survey and evaluation method was used in this study. The primary data were obtained by field observation and compiling documents, while the secondary data were obtained from various sources, including Bappeda Aceh, and Dinas Peternakan Aceh Besar. Land capability classification was defined based on a modified USDA method and land capability class mapping was prepared based on overlay method by geoprocessing of Geographic Information Systems. The attributes delineating land capability classification included slope, erosion potential and soil depth. Spatial and attributes data were processed using ArcGIS 9.3. Interpretation of land use map derived from satellite imagery analysis results. Brachiaria humidicola green production (tons/year) was determined by assumption-based on obtaining data from various sources. Present livestock population and increasing of population target up to 2017 were obtained from Dinas Peternakan Aceh Besar. The results showed that the existing land use area was 28,632.23 ha (59.03 %), whereas the potential land use area was 19,875.73 ha (40.97%). Land use area for pastures in the district of Aceh Besar, both existing and potential, were sufficient to support the achievement of livestock population increasing program.
Determinasi Energi Metabolis dan Kandungan Nutrisi Hasil Samping Pasar Sebagai Potensi Bahan Pakan Lokal Ternak Unggas
Authors: Sugiyono Sugiyono , Hindratiningrum Novita , Primandini Yuni
Published: October 2015

(Determination of metabolic energy and nutrient market by product for local poultry feed ingredients)ABSTRACT. This study aims to examine the metabolic energy (ME)  and proximate analysis of the coconut husk, garlic skin, heart of young jackfruit, in order to see its potential as a local feed ingredients for poultry, especially chicken. The study was conducted in 3 stages include feed preparation stage, treatment stage and retrieval of data. Stage of treatment involves measurement of metabolic energy to "force feeding" the appropriate method of Sibbald (1976). The results of the proximate analysis and gross energy (GE)  are  water content ranged from 6.28 to 13.60%, from 5.09 to 12.34% crude protein, crude fat from 0.57 to 48.72%, crude fiber 31.33 to 51.66 %, from 2.38 to 8.39% ash, extract materials without nitrogen from 3.19 to 27.11% and GE  3387.21 to 6491.17 (kcal/kg). The results of ME research is mathematical and biological ME each feed ingredient is coconut husk 4492.84 kcal/kg; 4025.59 kcal /kg, the heart of young jackfruit 1533.44 kcal/kg ; 1625.39 kcal/kg , garlic skins 1388.76 kcal/kg; 1327.65 kcal/kg, leather bean sprouts in 1392.48 kcal/kg; 1089 .33 kcal/kg . Conclusion The study is based on the results of the proximate analysis, the content of GE and EM biological byproduct feedstuffs markets that have potential for use in poultry rations are coconut husk being able to supply the highest energy.
Pengaruh Suplementasi dan Proteksi Minyak Biji Kapuk Terhadap Fermentabilitas Ruminal Rumput Gajah pada Sapi Secara In Vitro
Authors: Dinata D. D. , Widiyanto Widiyanto , Pujaningsih Retno Iswarin
Published: October 2015

(The effect of supplementation and protection of kapok seed oil on in vitro ruminal fermentability of elephant grass) ABSTRACT. The purpose of this research was to study the interaction between supplementation and protection of kapok seed oil (KSO) influence on in vitro digestibility and ruminal fermentability products of elephant grass.  Material used were elephant grass, kapok seed oil, KOH and CaCl2 reagens and cattle rumen fluids.  Completely randomized design (CRD) was used with two factorial pattern 3 x 5 with 2 replications, first factor was supplementation of KSO consist of 3 levels: 5% (S1); 10% (S2); and 15% (S3), respectively.  Second factor was protection consist of 5 levels: 0% (P0); 25% (P1); 50% (P2); 75% (P3) and 100% (P4); also control treatment without supplementation and protection of KSO (S0P0).  The result of this research showed there was no interaction between supplementation and protection of KSO on digestibility of elephant grass.  The highest In vitro Dry Matter Digestibility (IVDMD) and In vitro Digestibility of Organic Material (IVDOM) reached by control treatment, 55,17% and 54,27%, respectively.  The results of this research showed influence of interaction between supplementation and protection of KSO on VFA and NH3 production (P0.05).  The highest VFA and NH3 production reached by 10% supplementation and 25% protection were 152,5 and 6,50 mM.  The conclusion of this study showed that supplementation and protection of KSO was not effecting ruminal fermentation, but decreasing in vitro digestibility of elephant grass.
Uji Biologis Konsumsi Pakan, Populasi Bakteri Rumen dan pH Pellet Complete Calf Starter pada Pedet Friesian Holstein Pra Sapih
Authors: Maharani Nadia , Achmadi Joelal , Mukodiningsih Sri
Published: October 2015

(Biological test feed intake, population rumen bacteria and ph pellet complete calf starter friesian holstein on pre weaning calf) ABSTRACT. The study aims to assess the quality of the formula Complete Calf Starter (CCS) with 5% molasses instead of milk to the development of rumen microbial calf Holstein Friesian (HF) pre-weaning. The material used is 20 head calf FH pre weaning age of 2 weeks. Feed intake data taken from 20 respondents consisted of 16 females and 4 calf tail male calf. Data rumen bacterial populations and pH were taken from 5 head of cattle slaughtered at the age of 2 weeks (one tail), 4 weeks (2-tailed) and 6 weeks (2-tailed). The study was designed as a descriptive non-parametric. Parameters measured were rumen bacterial populations, pH and feed intake. The results showed the average consumption of dry matter (DM) and CCS calf milk FH ages 2, 4, 6 weeks respectively at 506, 517, 528 grams. Rumen bacterial populations in calves aged 2, 4, and 6 weeks of 80x106, 45x106 and 19x106 kol/m. ruminal pH in calves aged 2, 4 and 6 weeks was 5.71, 5.36 and 5.55. Biological test showed that the use of complete calf starter (CCS) in the form of pellets FH calves at the age of 2 weeks to stimulate the development of the rumen (feed intake, the population of bacteria and pH) but not in calves aged 4 and 6 weeks. This is because the number of bacterial populations declined due to impaired absorption is impaired absorption of VFA marked low rumen pH.
Perbaikan Kualitas Pakan Ayam Broiler melalui Fermentasi Dua Tahap Menggunakan Trichoderma reseei dan Saccaromyces cerevisiae
Authors: Sulistyawan Ibnu Hari
Published: October 2015

(Feedstuff Quality Improvement of Broiler Chicken with Two-Steps Fermentation by Trichoderma reseei and Saccaromyces cerevisiae)ABSTRAK. The aim of this study was to improve the quality of animal feedstuff from agriculture waste product i.e. corn cob, tapioca solid waste and soy bean pulp by two-steps fermentation using Trichoderma reseei as cellulotlytic microorganisms and yeast Saccaromyces cerevisiae as protein source. This fermented product the was used in broiler chicken in vivo test. A Completely Randomized Design with four treatments: R0(100% basal feed/BF); R1(100% BF+10% fermented corn cob); R2 (100% BF+10% fermented tapioca solid waste); R3(100% BF+10% fermented soy bean pulp). Each treatments were replicated for 5 times. The variables response tested were quality of feedstuffs before and after fermentation of protein, NDF and ADF digestibilities on broiler chicken in vivo test. The result indicated that the protein content after fermentation has increased but reduced in NDF and ADF fiber. Two steps fermentation had not improved significantly to protein digestibility (P0.05), but basic ration with fermented soybean pulp significantly improved (P0.01) on protein digestibility.
Efeito da salinidade na germinação e desenvolvimento inicial da mamona ‘BRS energia’
Authors: Brito K. Q. D. , Souza F. G. , Dantas Junior G. J. , Brito K. S. A.
Published: October 2015

A mamoneira possui destacável importância no mundo, tem como principal produto derivado do seu óleo que pode ser utilizado como matéria prima para o biodiesel. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os níveis de tolerância das sementes de mamona ao estresse salino simulados por NaCl. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no Laboratório de Irrigação e Salinidade na Universidade Federal de Campina Grande. Em cada tratamento foram utilizadas 100 sementes, dispostas em quatro repetições de 25 sementes. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado. Para a avaliação da germinação sob estresse salino utilizou-se soluções de NaCl com as seguintes condutividade elétrica: 0,4; 1,2; 2,2; 3,2 e 4,2dSm-1. Realizou-se avaliações de porcentagem de germinação, tempo médio de germinação, velocidade média de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação e aos 15 dias realizaram o comprimento da raiz primaria, da parte aérea, e pesou a massa seca e fresca das plântulas. As sementes de mamoneira BRS Energia apresentaram tolerância às águas com níveis de salinidade de até 4,2 dS m-1 em relação ao índice de velocidade de germinação, tempo médio de germinação, velocidade média de germinação e porcentagem de germinação e o aumento da salinidade afetou o comprimento da parte aérea e da zona radicular.

Effect of salinity on germination and initial development of castor bean ‘BRS energia’

Abrstact: The castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is an oilseed that has detachable importance in Brazil and worldwide, its main product derived from its oil that can be used as raw material for biodiesel, therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerance levels of castor seeds to salt stress simulated by NaCl. In each treatment, 100 seeds, in four replicates of 25 seeds. For the evaluation of germination under salt stress was used NaCl solutions with the following electric conductivity: 0.4dSm-1 1.2dSm-1, 2.2dSm-1, 3.2dSm-1 and 4.2dSm-1. Was evaluated germination percentage, average time of germination, average speed of germination, GRI and 15 days held the length of the primary root, of shoots, and weighed dry and fresh weight of seedlings. The experimental design was completely randomized. The seeds of castor bean BRS Energia showed tolerance to water with salinity levels up to 4.2dSm-1 in relation to the germination speed index, average time of germination, average speed of germination and germination percentage and the high salinity affected the length of shoot and root zone.

 
Influência do NaClO na germinação de sementes de alface em Parnaíba-PI
Authors: Teodoro M. S. , Alves M. C. S. , Lacerda M. N. , Araújo L. M. S.
Published: October 2015

O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido em condições de casa de vegetação situada em Parnaíba-PI, município onde predominam altas temperaturas. Objetivou-se avaliar a germinação de diferentes lotes de sementes de alface antes e após a embebição em solução de hipoclorito de sódio (NaCIO). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualisados, com os tratamentos dispostos em arranjo fatorial 2 x 7 (duas variáveis como pré-germinativos: com imersão em NaClO e sem imersão em NaClO, e sete cultivares de alface), com quatro repetições. As variáveis analisadas foram: Primeira contagem do teste de germinação (PCG), Teste de germinação (TG) e Índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG). Analisando-se os dados obtidos, verificou-se que independente da presença ou ausência do tratamento pré-germinativo, a cultivar T6 foi a que apresentou os melhores resultados para as variáveis analisadas. Exceto T2, todas as outras cultivares que receberam tratamento com hipoclorito de sódio (NaClO) obtiveram resultados expressivos, em comparação com as que não receberam esse tratamento, entretanto, a germinação de todos os lotes foi inferior ao estabelecido para comercialização de sementes de alface, com recomendações acima de 80%. 

Influence of NaClO on lettuce seed germination in Parnaíba-PI

Abstract: The present study aimed to evaluate, under conditions of a greenhouse located in Parnaiba, PI, where high temperatures and after soaking in solution of sodium hypochlorite (NaCIO), the germination of seeds of seven cultivars of lettuce. The experimental design was of randomized blocks, with treatments arranged in factorial arrangement 2 x 7 (two variables as pré-germinativos: with NaClO and immersion without immersion in NaClO, and seven cultivars of lettuce), with four replicates. The seeds were subjected to the following determinations: First germination test score (PCG), germination test (TG) and germination speed Index (IVG). Analyzing the data obtained, it was found that regardless of the presence or absence of treatment pre-germinative, cultivating T6 was presented the best results for the variables analyzed. Except for T2, all other cultivars that received treatment with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) achieved significant results, compared to those who did not receive this treatment, however, the germination of all batches was lower than that established for commercialization of seeds of lettuce, with recommendations above 80.
Parâmetros físico-químicos de polpas de fruta produzidas na cidade de Petrolina – PE
Authors: Honorato A. C. , Dias C. B. R. , Souza E. B. , Carvalho I. R. B. , Sousa K. S. M.
Published: October 2015

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os parâmetros físico-químicos de polpas de fruta produzidas e comercializadas na cidade de Petrolina-PE, tendo como referência a Instrução Normativa nº 1, de 7 jan. 2000, do Ministério da Agricultura que define as características físicas e químicas estabelecendo limites mínimos e máximos específicos para cada polpa de fruta. Foram avaliadas duas marcas (1 e 2) de polpas de abacaxi, cacau, caju, graviola, maracujá e umbu, analisadas quanto aos parâmetros de pH, sólidos solúveis totais (SST), acidez total titulável (ATT), ácido ascórbico, relação SST/ATT e sólidos totais. Os resultados permitem inferir que a marca 2 apresentou qualidade superior na maioria dos parâmetros avaliados quando comparado com a marca 1. Entretanto para alguns sabores de polpa as duas marcas não atenderam os valores padrões. Entre as polpas o único sabor que apresentou os padrões exigidos foi a polpa de caju em ambas as marcas, e a que apresentou resultado de pior qualidade diante dos padrões foi a polpa de maracujá principalmente da marca 1. Dessa forma constata-se que há grandes variações entre as marcas, e entre alguns parâmetros, o que compromete a qualidade das polpas, prejudicando assim o consumidor.

Physicochemical parameters of fruit pulps produced in Petrolina – PE

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical parameters of fruit pulps produced and marketed in the city of Petrolina-PE, with reference to the Instruction Nº 1 of 7 January 2000 of the Ministry of Agriculture, which defines the physical and chemical characteristics setting minimum and maximum limits specific to each fruit pulp. We evaluated two brands (1 and 2) of pineapple, cocoa, cashew, soursop, passion and umbu fruit pulp, analyzed for pH, total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TTA), ascorbic acid, TSS / TTA and total solids parameters. Results show that the brand 2 showed superior in most evaluated parameters when compared to the brand 1. However, for some pulp flavors of both brands did not reached the standards values. Among the pulps, the only flavor that presented the required standards was the cashew pulp in both brands, and presented the results of lower quality on the standards was the passion fruit pulp mainly brand 1. Thus, it appears that there are great variations between brands and between some parameters, which compromises the quality of the pulp, thus impairing the consumer.
Primeiro ciclo de seleção massal na população PM3 de melão (Cucumis melo L)
Authors: Medeiros L. S. , Ferreira P. V. , Carvalho I. D. E. de , Oliveira F. S. , Silva J.
Published: October 2015

Objetivou-se com este trabalho realizar o primeiro ciclo de seleção massal na população PM3 de melão. Foi usada a população PM3 de melão, obtida pelo Setor de Melhoramento Genético de Plantas do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (SMGP/CECA/UFAL). A colheita foi realizada aos 75 dias após a semeadura. Os frutos foram colhidos totalizaram 1188 frutos, os quais foram analisados a morfologia externa, objetivando a formação de classes fenotípicas em função dos caracteres qualitativos, culminando na obtenção de 40 classes fenotípicas. A classe fenotípica CF 17 foi selecionada por apresentar cor do fruto amarelo, ausência de costelas, ausência de rendilhamento, cor da polpa salmão e formato do fruto arredondado a ovalado. Em seguida foi feita uma seleção dos frutos de melão para os seguintes caracteres quantitativos dentro da classe fenotípica selecionada: peso do fruto acima de 740,0 gramas; diâmetro longitudinal acima de 11,0 cm; diâmetro transversal acima de 10,0 cm, espessura da polpa acima de 1,9 cm; espessura da casca acima de 0,2 cm; diâmetro da cavidade menor que 8,0 cm. A classe fenotípica CF 17 foi à única selecionada.

First mass selection cycle in melon PM3 population (Cucumis melo L)

 

Abstract: The objective of this work make the first mass selection cycle in melon PM3 population. It was used to melon PM3 population, obtained by the sector of improvement genetic of plants of center science land the Federal University of Alagoas (SMGP/CECA/UFAL). Plants were harvested at 75 days after sowing. The fruits were harvested totaled 1188 fruits, which were analyzed the external morphology, aiming at the formation of phenotypic classes on the basis of qualitative character, culminating in getting 40 phenotypic classes. Phenotypic class CF 17 has been selected for display color of yellow fruit, no ribs, no rendilhamento, color of salmon flesh and rounded to oval fruit shape. Then a selection of melon fruit was made to the following quantitative phenotypic characters within the selected class weight of the fruit above 740.0 grams; longitudinal diameter greater than 11.0 cm; transverse diameter greater than 10.0 cm, flesh thickness above 1.9 cm; shell thickness above 0.2 cm; cavity diameter smaller than 8.0 cm. Phenotypic class CF 17 was the selected one.      
Análise sensorial e desenvolvimento de embalagem para aguardente de algaroba
Authors: Holanda V. B. , Lins A. D. F. , Mata M. E. R. M. C. , Duarte M. E. M. , Feitosa R. M.
Published: October 2015

Objetivou-se com esse estudo realizar análise sensorial da aguardente de algaroba, desenvolver uma embalagem para sua comercialização e verificar a preferência de embalagem pelo seu aspecto visual. De acordo com a análise sensorial através do teste afetivo com 30 voluntários, detectou-se que quanto ao sabor não houve diferença para os avaliadores e a embalagem de vidro teve uma maior aceitação quanto à preferência em razão de conservar melhor as qualidades organolépticas da bebida que a embalagem PET, sendo este, portanto, o melhor material para o acondicionamento da aguardente. Para o processo de criação da embalagem fez-se uma pesquisa de campo, geração de conceitos e posteriormente uma análise de preferência visual dos conceitos, sendo o conceito 1 o  escolhido para a embalagem da aguardente de algaroba , e a embalagem que confere maior requinte com formas arredondadas que remetem à vagem da algaroba, apresentou uma diferença de apenas 3,1% de preferência.

Sensory analysis and packaging development for brandy mesquite
Abstract: The aim of this study perform sensory analysis of mesquite brandy, develop packaging for its commercialization and check the preferred packaging for its visual appearance. According to the sensory analysis through affective test with 30 volunteers , it was detected that in taste no difference to the evaluators, being that the glass packaging had a greater acceptance as the preferred due to better conserve the organoleptic qualities of the drink that PET packaging and this is the best material for the packaging of spirits. For the process of creating the package was made a field research, generating concepts and further preferably a visual analysis of the concepts, being the chosen concept for the packaging of mesquite brandy was the first concept , the packaging that gives greater refinement with rounded shapes that refer to mesquite pod , It showed a difference of only 3.1% preferably 
Estudo do potencial hidrogeniônico e das condições físicas dos clubes de Pombal - PB
Authors: Lima G. A. S. , Oliveira A. M. B. M. , Coelho L. F. O. , Morais C. E. P.
Published: October 2015

As piscinas são um conjunto de estruturas artificiais que levam ao ser humano um contato direto com a água através de atividades aquáticas, como a natação. A qualidade da água das piscinas, assim como a estrutura física onde ela se comporta, são fatores de fundamental importância e por isso devem ser estudados, na busca de se obter uma melhor funcionalidade deste ambiente, bem como garantir a saúde dos usuários. A utilização deste recurso tem sido realizada de forma livre sem uma fiscalização adequada, trazendo consequências, como a proliferação de bactérias e/ou transmissão de outras doenças. Por estes motivos torna-se relevante o presente estudo, que teve como objetivo principal a análise de água e estrutura física das piscinas dos clubes públicos de Pombal-PB localizada na mesorregião do sertão paraibano.

Study of the hidrgeniônico potential and physical conditions of the clubs of Pombal - PB

Abstract: The pools are a set of artificial structures that lead to human being a direct contact with the water through water activities such as swimming. The water quality of swimming pools, as well as the physical structure where she behaves, are factors of paramount importance and therefore should be studied, in search of a better functionality of this environment as well as ensure the health of users. The use of this resource has been carried out freely without an adequate oversight, bringing consequences, such as the proliferation of bacteria and/or transmission of other diseases. For these reasons it becomes relevant to the present study, which had as main objective the analysis of water and physical structure of the pools of public clubs of Pombal-PB in the Northeast region of Brazil.
Biocompatible Dialysis Solutions Preserve Peritoneal Mesothelial Cell and Vessel Wall Integrity. A Case-Control Study on Human Biopsies
Authors: del Peso Gloria , Jiménez-Heffernan José Antonio , Selgas Rafael , Remón César , Ossorio Marta , Fernández-Perpén Antonio , Sánchez-Tomero José Antonio , Cirugeda Antonio , de Sousa Erika , Sandoval Pilar , Díaz Raquel , López-Cabrera Manuel , Bajo María Auxiliadora
Published: October 2015

Introduction

Chronic exposure to conventional peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions has been related to peritoneal function alterations in PD patients, and associated with mesothelial cell loss, submesothelial fibrosis, vasculopathy, and angiogenesis. In vitro and ex vivo analyses, as well as studies with animal models, have demonstrated that biocompatible PD solutions attenuate these morphological alterations. Our aim was to confirm the morphological benefits of biocompatible solutions in PD patients.

Methods

We analyzed biopsies from 23 patients treated with biocompatible solutions (study group, SG), and compared them with a control group ( n = 23) treated with conventional solutions (CG), matched for time on PD.

Results

A total of 56.5% of SG patients showed total or partial preservation of mesothelial cells monolayer, in contrast with 26.1% of patients in CG ( p = 0.036). Peritoneal fibrosis was not significantly less frequent in SG patients (47.8% SG vs 69.6% CG; p = 0.13). In patients without previous peritonitis, a significantly lower prevalence of fibrosis was present in SG patients (41.7% SG vs 77.8% CG; p = 0.04). Hyalinizing vasculopathy (HV) was significantly lower in SG (4.3% SG vs 30.4% CG; p = 0.02). Cytokeratin-positive fibroblast-like cells were detected in 10 patients (22%), but the prevalence was not significantly lower in SG. In the univariate regression analysis, the use of biocompatible solutions was associated with mesothelial monolayer integrity ( p = 0.04) and an absence of vasculopathy ( p = 0.04).

Conclusion

The present study demonstrates in vivo in human biopsies that biocompatible solutions are better tolerated by the peritoneum in the medium and long term than conventional solutions.
Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Increases Leukocyte Recruitment in the Mouse Parietal Peritoneum Microcirculation and Causes Fibrosis
Authors: Kowalewska Paulina M. , Margetts Peter J. , Fox-Robichaud Alison E.
Published: October 2015

♦Background

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of a conventional dialysis solution and peritoneal catheter on leukocyte- endothelial cell interactions in the microcirculation of the parietal peritoneum in a subacute peritoneal dialysis (PD) mouse model.

♦Methods

An intraperitoneal (IP) catheter with a subcutaneous injection port was implanted into mice and, after a 2-week healing period, the animals were injected daily for 6 weeks with a 2.5% dextrose solution. Intravital microscopy (IVM) of the parietal peritoneum microcirculation was performed 4 hours after the last injection of the dialysis solution. Leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions were quantified and compared with catheterized controls without dialysis treatment and naïve mice.

♦ Results

The number of rolling and extravascular leukocytes along with peritoneal fibrosis and neovascularization were significantly increased in the catheterized animals compared with naïve mice but did not significantly differ between the 2 groups of catheterized animals with sham injections or dialysis solution treatment.

♦Conclusion

The peritoneal catheter implant increased leukocyte rolling and extravasation, peritoneal fibrosis and vascularization in the parietal peritoneum independently from the dialysis solution treatment.
Analysis of Hospitalization after Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Implantation
Authors: Li Zi , Abreu Zita , Penner Todd , He Lian , Liu Xihui , Bargman Joanne M.
Published: October 2015

Background

Implantation of the peritoneal dialysis catheter (PDC), usually an elective procedure, may necessitate unexpected hospitalization and even transfer to intensive care due to the multiple comorbidities and inherent instability of the end-stage renal disease patient. Information on hospitalization after PDC implantation is limited and details about the reason for hospitalization are lacking.

Methods

We performed a cohort study in consecutive patients who underwent PDC implantation at a single institution from September 2007 to September 2013. Clinical characteristics of enrolled patients, technique of the implantation procedure, and all-cause unexpected hospitalization and morbidity within 14 days after implantation were analyzed.

Results

Excluding the patients with pre-arranged admission, a total of 246 patients receiving 252 PDC implantations during the 6 years were studied. After 39 procedures (15.5%), patients had an unexpected hospital stay or re-admission due to operative complications (33.3%), worsening of disease (35.9%), or a single-night hospital stay for observation (30.8%). Compared with discharged patients, the patients with unexpected hospitalization were older ( p = 0.001), experienced higher rates of previous episodes of heart failure ( p = 0.006) and heart disease ( p < 0.001), had more use of general anesthesia (GA) ( p = 0.046), underwent more added procedures during the implantation ( p = 0.02), and had more episodes of flow obstruction and peritonitis after implantation ( p = 0.012 and p < 0.001, respectively). Using a multivariable logistic regression, we showed that age, cardiac morbidity, use of general anesthesia, PDC flow problems and peritonitis after implantation were independent predictors of all-cause unexpected hospitalization.

Conclusions

For the first time, our study analyzed the predictors of unplanned hospitalization after PDC implantation and identified the salient risk factors. Increased focus to identify patients at greatest risk for hospitalization, evaluation of processes of care, and implementation of preventive strategies may be helpful to reduce unplanned hospitalization after catheter insertion.
Spatial Analysis of Case-Mix and Dialysis Modality Associations
Authors: Phirtskhalaishvili Tamar , Bayer Florian , Edet Stephane , Bongiovanni Isabelle , Hogan Julien , Couchoud Cécile
Published: October 2015

Background

Health-care systems must attempt to provide appropriate, high-quality, and economically sustainable care that meets the needs and choices of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). France offers 9 different modalities of dialysis, each characterized by dialysis technique, the extent of professional assistance, and the treatment site. The aim of this study was 1) to describe the various dialysis modalities in France and the patient characteristics associated with each of them, and 2) to analyze their regional patterns to identify possible unexpected associations between case-mixes and dialysis modalities.

Methods

The clinical characteristics of the 37,421 adult patients treated by dialysis were described according to their treatment modality. Agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis was used to aggregate the regions into clusters according to their use of these modalities and the characteristics of their patients.

Result

The gradient of patient characteristics was similar from home hemodialyis (HD) to in-center HD and from non-assisted automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) to assisted continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Analyzing their spatial distribution, we found differences in the patient case-mix on dialysis across regions but also differences in the health-care provided for them. The classification of the regions into 6 different clusters allowed us to detect some unexpected associations between case-mixes and treatment modalities.

Conclusions

The 9 modalities of treatment available make it theoretically possible to adapt treatment to patients’ clinical characteristics and abilities. However, although we found an overall appropriate association of dialysis modalities to the case-mix, major inter-region heterogeneity and the low rate of peritoneal dialysis (PD) and home HD suggest that factors besides patients’ clinical conditions impact the choice of dialysis modality. The French organization should now be evaluated in terms of patients’ quality of life, satisfaction, survival, and global efficiency.
Effects of Ginger on Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tabibi Hadi , Imani Hossein , Atabak Shahnaz , Najafi Iraj , Hedayati Mehdi , Rahmani Leila
Published: October 2015

Background

In peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease is lipid abnormalities. This study was designed to investigate the effects of ginger supplementation on serum lipids and lipoproteins in PD patients.

Methods

In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 36 PD patients were randomly assigned to either the ginger or the placebo group. The patients in the ginger group received 1,000 mg ginger daily for 10 weeks, while the placebo group received corresponding placebos. At baseline and at the end of week 10, 7 mL of blood were obtained from each patient after a 12- to 14-hour fast, and serum concentrations of triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)] were measured.

Results

Serum triglyceride concentration decreased significantly up to 15% in the ginger group at the end of week 10 compared with baseline ( p < 0.01), and the reduction was significant in comparison with the placebo group ( p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in mean changes of serum total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and Lp (a).

Conclusion

This study indicates that daily administration of 1,000 mg ginger reduces serum triglyceride concentration, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, in PD patients.
The Association of Individual and Regional Socioeconomic Status on Initial Peritonitis and Outcomes in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Qin , Hu Ke-Jie , Ren Ye-Ping , Dong Jie , Han Qing-Feng , Zhu Tong-Ying , Chen Jiang-Hua , Zhao Hui-Ping , Chen Meng-Hua , Xu Rong , Wang Yue , Hao Chuan-Ming , Zhang Xiao-Hui , Wang Mei , Tian Na , Wang Hai-Yan
Published: October 2015

Background

Research indicates that the socioeconomic status (SES) of individuals and the area where they live are related to initial peritonitis and outcomes in peritoneal dialysis (PD). We conducted a retrospective, multi-center cohort study in China to examine these associations.

Methods

Data on 2,171 PD patients were collected from 7 centers, including baseline demographic, socioeconomic, and laboratory data. We explored the potential risk factors for initial peritonitis and outcomes using univariate Cox regression and unadjusted binary logistic regression. Then, we used propensity score matching to balance statistically significant risk factors for initial peritonitis and outcomes, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to compare differences in peritonitis-free rates between different groups of participants after matching.

Results

A total of 563 (25.9%) initial episodes of peritonitis occurred during the study period. The Kaplan-Meier peritonitis-free rate curve showed high-income patients had a significantly lower risk than low-income patients ( p = 0.007) after matching for age, hemoglobin, albumin, and regional SES and PD center. The risk of treatment failure was significantly lower in the high-income than the low-income group after matching for the organism causing peritonitis and PD center: odds ratio (OR) = 0.27 (0.09 – 0.80, p = 0.018). Regional SES and education were not associated with initial peritonitis and outcomes.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates low individual income is a risk factor for the initial onset of peritonitis and treatment failure after initial peritonitis.
Can Free Water Transport be Used as a Clinical Parameter for Peritoneal Fibrosis in Long-Term PD Patients?
Authors: Krediet Raymond T. , Barreto Deirisa Lopes , Struijk Dirk G.
Published: October 2015

Sodium sieving in peritoneal dialysis (PD) occurs in a situation with high osmotically-driven ultrafiltration rates. This dilutional phenomenon is caused by free water transport through the water channel aquaporin-1. It has recently been described that encapsulating peritoneal fibrosis is associated with impaired free water transport, despite normal expression of aquaporin-1. In this review, it will be argued that free water transport can be used for assessment of fibrotic peritoneal alterations, due to the water-binding capacity of collagen. Finally, the consequences for clinical practice will be discussed.
Responsiveness of Developing T Cells to IL-7 Signals Is Sustained by miR-17∼92
Authors: Regelin Malte , Blume Jonas , Pommerencke Jens , Vakilzadeh Ramin , Witzlau Katrin , Łyszkiewicz Marcin , Ziętara Natalia , Saran Namita , Schambach Axel , Krueger Andreas
Published: October 2015

miRNAs regulate a large variety of developmental processes including development of the immune system. T cell development is tightly controlled through the interplay of transcriptional programs and cytokine-mediated signals. However, the role of individual miRNAs in this process remains largely elusive. In this study, we demonstrated that hematopoietic cell–specific loss of miR-17∼92, a cluster of six miRNAs implicated in B and T lineage leukemogenesis, resulted in profound defects in T cell development both at the level of prethymic T cell progenitors as well as intrathymically. We identified reduced surface expression of IL-7R and concomitant limited responsiveness to IL-7 signals as a common mechanism resulting in reduced cell survival of common lymphoid progenitors and thymocytes at the double-negative to double-positive transition. In conclusion, we identified miR-17∼92 as a critical modulator of multiple stages of T cell development.
Sensor Function for Butyrophilin 3A1 in Prenyl Pyrophosphate Stimulation of Human Vγ2Vδ2 T Cells
Authors: Wang Hong , Morita Craig T.
Published: October 2015

Vγ2Vδ2 T cells play important roles in human immunity to pathogens and in cancer immunotherapy by responding to isoprenoid metabolites, such as (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate and isopentenyl pyrophosphate. The Ig superfamily protein butyrophilin (BTN)3A1 was shown to be required for prenyl pyrophosphate stimulation. We proposed that the intracellular B30.2 domain of BTN3A1 binds prenyl pyrophosphates, resulting in a change in the extracellular BTN3A1 dimer that is detected by Vγ2Vδ2 TCRs. Such B30.2 binding was demonstrated recently. However, other investigators reported that the extracellular BTN3A1 IgV domain binds prenyl pyrophosphates, leading to the proposal that the Vγ2Vδ2 TCR recognizes the complex. To distinguish between these mechanisms, we mutagenized residues in the two binding sites and tested the mutant BTN3A1 proteins for their ability to mediate prenyl pyrophosphate stimulation of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells to proliferate and secrete TNF-α. Mutagenesis of residues in the IgV site had no effect on Vγ2Vδ2 T cell proliferation or secretion of TNF-α. In contrast, mutagenesis of residues within the basic pocket and surrounding V regions of the B30.2 domain abrogated prenyl pyrophosphate–induced proliferation. Mutations of residues making hydrogen bonds to the pyrophosphate moiety also abrogated TNF-α secretion, as did mutation of aromatic residues making contact with the alkenyl chain. Some mutations further from the B30.2 binding site also diminished stimulation, suggesting that the B30.2 domain may interact with a second protein. These findings support intracellular sensing of prenyl pyrophosphates by BTN3A1 rather than extracellular presentation.
A Complement-Optimized EGFR Antibody Improves Cytotoxic Functions of Polymorphonuclear Cells against Tumor Cells
Authors: Derer Stefanie , Cossham Michael , Rösner Thies , Kellner Christian , Beurskens Frank J. , Schwanbeck Ralf , Lohse Stefan , Sina Christian , Peipp Matthias , Valerius Thomas
Published: October 2015

Complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) has been suggested to be an important mechanism of action of tumor-targeting Abs. However, single unmodified epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–targeting IgG1 Abs fail to trigger efficient CDC. For the current study, we generated a CDC-optimized variant of the EGFR Ab matuzumab (H425 wt) by introducing amino acid substitutions K326A/E333A (H425 mt). This Ab was then used to elucidate the impact of complement activation on the capacity of effector cells such as mononuclear cells (MNC) and polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) to exert Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). H425 mt, but not H425 wt, significantly induced complement deposition, release of anaphylatoxins, and CDC against distinct tumor cell lines, whereas no differences in ADCC by MNC or PMN were detected. Notably, stronger cytotoxicity was induced by H425 mt than by H425 wt in whole blood assays and in experiments in which MNC or PMN were combined with serum. Although MNC-ADCC was not affected by C5 cleavage, the cytotoxic activity of PMN in the presence of serum strongly depended on C5 cleavage, pointing to a direct interaction between complement and PMN. Strong cell surface expression of C5a receptors was detected on PMN, whereas NK cells completely lacked expression. Stimulation of PMN with C5a led to upregulation of activated complement receptor 3, resulting in enhanced complement receptor 3–dependent PMN-ADCC against tumor cells. In conclusion, complement-optimized EGFR Abs may constitute a promising strategy to improve tumor cell killing by enhancing the interaction between humoral and cellular effector functions in Ab-based tumor therapy.
TNFR2 Deficiency Acts in Concert with Gut Microbiota To Precipitate Spontaneous Sex-Biased Central Nervous System Demyelinating Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Miller Patrick G. , Bonn Michael B. , Franklin Craig L. , Ericsson Aaron C. , McKarns Susan C.
Published: October 2015

TNF-α antagonists provide benefit to patients with inflammatory autoimmune disorders such as Crohn’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. However, TNF antagonism unexplainably exacerbates CNS autoimmunity, including multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica. The underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic. We demonstrate that TNFR2 deficiency results in female-biased spontaneous autoimmune CNS demyelination in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein–specific 2D2 TCR transgenic mice. Disease in TNFR2−/− 2D2 mice was associated with CNS infiltration of T and B cells as well as increased production of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein–specific IL-17, IFN-γ, and IgG2b. Attenuated disease in TNF−/− 2D2 mice relative to TNFR2−/− 2D2 mice identified distinctive roles for TNFR1 and TNFR2. Oral antibiotic treatment eliminated spontaneous autoimmunity in TNFR2−/− 2D2 mice to suggest role for gut microbiota. Illumina sequencing of fecal 16S rRNA identified a distinct microbiota profile in male TNFR2−/− 2D2 that was associated with disease protection. Akkermansia muciniphila, Sutterella sp., Oscillospira sp., Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Anaeroplasma sp. were selectively more abundant in male TNFR2−/− 2D2 mice. In contrast, Bacteroides sp., Bacteroides uniformis, and Parabacteroides sp. were more abundant in affected female TNFR2−/− 2D2 mice, suggesting a role in disease causation. Overall, TNFR2 blockade appears to disrupt commensal bacteria–host immune symbiosis to reveal autoimmune demyelination in genetically susceptible mice. Under this paradigm, microbes likely contribute to an individual’s response to anti-TNF therapy. This model provides a foundation for host immune–microbiota-directed measures for the prevention and treatment of CNS-demyelinating autoimmune disorders.
In-Storage-Psychrophilic-Anaerobic-Digestion (ISPAD) process. Part II: Model Validation
Authors: Madani Hosseini Mahsa , Mulligan Catherine N. , Barrington Suzelle
Published: October 2015

In-Storage-Psychrophilic-Anaerobic-Digestion (ISPAD) is a sequentially fed batch treatment system operating at a temperature fluctuating with that of ambient. Because of its specific operation modes and the acclimation of its microbial groups, its microbial kinetics were determined from laboratory data, and a specific mathematical model was developed to simulate its process and to optimize its management. The objective of this study is therefore to validate this ISPAD model using further laboratory data obtained from batch tests conducted in flasks. For this purpose, glucose at 630 mg/L, was fed to 8-year-old ISPAD inoculum and digested at 18 °C. Changes in glucose, VFAs and pH were monitored along with biogas production. The cross-validated coefficient of determination () was used to determine the fit between the model prediction and the experimental values. The ISPAD model was able to strongly predict glucose degradation, VFAs, pH, and methane. However, the model weakly predicted the early CO2 changes over time, likely because of its water solubility. 
Action Memory and Encoding Time: Evidence for a Strategic View of Action Memory Processing
Authors: Peterson Daniel J. , Mulligan Neil W.
Published: October 2015

The enactment effect is the phenomenon whereby carrying out a simple action phrase results in superior memory compared with listening to the phrase or observing someone else carry out the action. Several early studies suggested that action memory processing is less effortful and strategic compared with traditional verbal processing, a perspective that is still argued today. In the current study, we reexamine a particularly compelling finding in support of this view (Cohen, 1985). Contrary to Cohen’s original findings, we demonstrate that additional time to encode an action phrase leads to comparable gains in recall as seen with controls. These data fit well with a different perspective of action memory, namely that the processing of actions is guided by the same strategic, effortful processing as verbal memory.
Reconsidering Food Reward, Brain Stimulation, and Dopamine: Incentives Act Forward
Authors: Newquist Gunnar , Gardner R. Allen
Published: October 2015

In operant conditioning, rats pressing levers and pigeons pecking keys depend on contingent food reinforcement. Food reward agrees with Skinner’s behaviorism, undergraduate textbooks, and folk psychology. However, nearly a century of experimental evidence shows, instead, that food in an operant conditioning chamber acts forward to evoke species-specific feeding behavior rather than backward to reinforce experimenter-defined responses. Furthermore, recent findings in neuroscience show consistently that intracranial stimulation to reward centers and dopamine release, the proposed reward molecule, also act forward to evoke inborn speciesspecific behavior. These results challenge longstanding views of hedonic learning and must be incorporated into contemporary learning theory.