bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water Waves – A Source of Clean Energy
Authors: KOPCZEWSKI Marian , WISNIEWSKI Grzegorz
Published: October 2024

The constantly developing world economy needs the energy necessary for the socio-economic development of the countries that constitute it. Easy access and low extraction costs determine the choice of energy source. The exploitation of high-energy deposits of energy raw materials is at such a high level that we are in danger of completely exhausting them. Concern for the state of the environment, which is directly influenced by the use of non-renewable energy resources, has resulted in a focus of interest in renewable energy sources. The authors used theoretical research methods, including: analysis of content and source documents, including reports and statistical data, synthesis, generalization and conclusions. The aim of the article is to demonstrate that in times of global energy crisis caused by the depletion of oil, gas and coal deposits, new technologies mark the beginning of a long road to taming the sea and its waves as a source of clean energy. The article will complement the critically assessed scientific works carried out so far on this topic in terms of their universality, as well as the identified gaps in relation to the use of sea waves for the needs of humanity, in terms of energy.
THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS TO IMPROVE THE RESOLUTION ACCURACY OF REMOTE SENSING INFORMATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF LEGUME CROP CULTIVATION IN EASTERN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Восточно-Казахстанский технический университет им. Д. Серикбаева, Саденова М. , Бейсекенов Н. , Куленова Н. , Ануарбеков Т. , Мамышева А. , Шушкевич Л.
Published: October 2024

Инновационное развитие агропромышленного комплекса сегодня связано с внедрением дан- ных дистанционного зондирования Земли (ДЗЗ). В данном исследовании представлена разработка математической модели использования искусственных нейронных сетей для повышения точности разрешения информации дистанционного зондирования на примере выращивания зернобобовой культуры (гороха) в условиях почвенно-климатической зоны востока Казахстана. Модель выполнена на базе искус-ственных нейронных сетей с использованием специализированных библиотек TensorFlow, Keras на основе расчетов коэффициентов корреляции между значениями спектральных индексов, полученных в результате обработки спутниковых снимков и данных беспилотных летательных аппаратов (БПЛА). Результаты де-монстрируют потенциал использования данных ДЗЗ и искусственных нейронных сетей для повышения раз-решения информации космических снимков при выращивании сельскохозяйственных культур, обеспечивая более точную и своевременную информацию для принятия решений в «умном» сельском хозяйстве.
ASSESSMENT STUDY USING AN ARTIFICIAL SATELLITE OF THE EARTH, WHICH IS USED IN THE DETERMINATION OF GRAIN CROPS IN AGRICULTURE BY REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH
Authors:   Л.Н. Гумилев атындағы Еуразия Ұлттық университеті, Жакупова А. , Турехан Д. , Рамазанова Ж. , Калманова Д. , Қалибеков Д.
Published: October 2024

Қазіргі уақытта ғарыштық мониторинг ақпараттық әлемде үлкен қарқын алуда, соңғы 70 жылда кеңістіктік ажыратымдылығы өте жоғары түсірілім құрылғылары орнатылған ғарыш аппараттары пайда болды. Бұл дамушы сала – Жерді қашықтықтан зондтау деп аталады. ЖҚЗ өзектілігі ретінде белгілі бір елді мекендерде жерді дұрыс пайдаланумен байланысты проблемаларды шешеді, яғни мемлекеттік, сондай-ақ экономикалық салада жұмысты жеңілдетеді. Қазақстанда ғарыш қызметі соңғы онжылдықтарда ғарыш аппараттарын жобалау тұрғысынан жақсы дами бастады. Ауыл шаруашылығы өндірісі Қазақстандағы мониторинг қазіргі дамудың басты бағыты болып келеді. Фермерлік шаруашылықты өзектендіру және жерді пайдалануды жүйелеу – агроөнеркәсіптің негізгі өзегі болып табылады. Қазіргі уақытта агроөнеркәсіптік өндіріске үздіксіз бақылау және жерді дұрыс пайдалануды қадағалау қажет. Қазақстан Республикасының солтүстік бөлігінде ірі дәнді дақылдар мен мал шаруашылығы кешені сияқты шаруашылықтар неғұрлым қолайлы болып табылады, ал елдің оңтүстік бөлігіне шағын және орташа шаруашылықтар тән. Зерттеу нысандары Солтүстік Қазақстанның аудандары (Тереңкөл және Павлодар) болып табылады. Зерттеудің мақсаты – ГАЖ бағдарламасын қолдана отырып, Павлодар облысының белгілі бір аймағына өсімдік жамылғысының вегетациясына талдау жасау, осы аймақтағы пайдалануға берілген ауылшаруашылық жерлеріне баға беру, сондай-ақ өсімдіктердің даму динамикасын бағалау және 2019 жылдан 2021 жылдар аралығындағы жер жағдайының өзгеруін анықтау.
PECULIARITIES OF FORMATION AND PROSPECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE DOLINNOYE GOLD DEPOSIT
Authors:   Восточно-Казахстанский технический университет имени Д. Серикбаева, Тлеугалиев Д. , Черненко З.
Published: October 2024

Целью данной научной статьи является описание особенностей образования золоторудного оруденения месторождения Долинное и последующая его перспективная оценка. В работе поднимается проблема увеличения и модернизации индустриальной базы Казахстана. Актуальность данной проблемы связана с тем, что ресурсы полезных ископаемых самородного золота истощаются в первые годы отработки. Практическая значимость состоит в пополнении индустриальной базы страны. В статье приводятся краткие сведения о геологическом строении района, раскрываются особенности образования оруденения, рудоконтролиующих факторов, генезисе месторождения и морфологии рудных тел.
ПРЕДПОСЫЛКИ ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЯ ЛУДОМАНИИ(ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН)
Authors: Толеубекова Б.Х.
Published: October 2024

Лудомания как социальный феномен возникла в разных странах в определенные периоды времени и была обусловлена комплексом причин, объясняющих сущность общих предпосылок, а также особенности, характерные только для данной страны. Установление причин возникновения лудомании означает установить генетические связи между отдельными состоявшимися видами и формами общественных отношений в динамике, в процессах их движения и развития. На основе установленных причин феномена, представляющего изсебя потенциальную угрозу национальной безопасности, появляется возможность рациональной организации практической деятельности социума и выработка научных прогнозов относительно дальнейшего состояния и динамики исследуемого феномена, и на этой основе способствовать выработке эффективных мер противодействия лудомании.
Human Resource Management Based on Local Wisdom in Tourism Businesses in Panelokan, Bangli Regency
Authors: Pradnyana Putu
Published: October 2024

This research aims to explore how local wisdom can be integrated into human resource management (HRM) practices in tourism businesses in Panelokan Village, Bangli Regency. Specifically, this research seeks to understand the views and experiences of business actors, employees and local communities in implementing local wisdom-based HRM, as well as identifying challenges and strategies that can be adopted to overcome obstacles in its implementation. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study method to understand the application of human resource management (HRM) based on local wisdom in tourism businesses in Panelokan Village. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with tourism business owners or managers, employees and local community leaders, as well as analysis of related documents, such as work guidelines and HR policies. Thematic analysis techniques were used to identify the main themes that emerged from the data. The validity of the data is guaranteed by triangulation of sources and methods, as well as member checking to confirm findings. The results of the research show that the application of local wisdom such as "ngayah," "menyama braya," and "Tri Hita Karana" in HRM is able to increase job satisfaction, loyalty, and employee productivity in tourism businesses in Panelokan. Integration of local cultural values in recruitment, training, performance appraisal and reward systems helps create a more inclusive and culturally appropriate work environment. However, this research also found several challenges in implementing local wisdom-based HRM, especially related to a lack of understanding and managerial skills in combining traditional principles with modern management practices, as well as pressure to meet international management standards.
FSCJ Industry 4.0 Technicians in Advanced Manufacturing. Year Four Summative External Evaluation Report
Authors: Tucker-Blackmon Angelicque
Published: October 2024

The Industry 4.0 Technicians in Advanced Manufacturing (Industry 4.0 Tech) program was designed to address the skills gap caused by advancements in intelligent sensor technology, robotics, and automation. The project centered on supporting students in completing industry certifications in manufacturing. In 2019-2020, 237 students passed certification exams. In 2020-2021, 236 students passed certification exams. An analysis of the pass rates for 183 students was conducted. Of the 183 students, 146 were men, and 37 were women. The average certification pass rate was 83%, with women scoring an average of 81.56% and men scoring an average of 83.89%. Students' perceptions of problem-solving were measured before and after completing the Industry 4.0 modified or newly developed courses. Data analysis revealed marginal increases. A two-way ANOVA revealed a marginal pre-post difference in problem-solving scores by race/ethnicity.
INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE AND ISSUES OF IMPROVING NATIONAL LEGISLATION ON COUNTERING EXTREMISM
Authors: Sarpekov Ramazan Kumarbekovich , Turetskiy Nikolay Nikolaevich
Published: October 2024

The article examines the legislation of foreign countries – China, Moldova, Belarus, dedicated to countering extremism, as well as the provisions of the Model Law «On Countering Extremism» adopted at the thirty-second plenary session of the Interparliamentary Assembly of the CIS member States; the concepts of «extremism» and «terrorism» in national legislation are analyzed. The authors note that the definition of the concept of «extremism» in the current Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan «On Countering Extremism» has a number of disadvantages that contribute to the confusion of the concepts of «extremism» and «terrorism». This, in turn, generates a number of conflicts in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan: some crimes can be attributed to both extremism and terrorism. And ultimately, this can lead to a distortion of statistics on these crimes. Based on the results of the comparative analysis, it is proposed to introduce a number of novelties into the national legislation on countering extremism, including a new article regulating prosecutor's supervision as the highest supervision in the field of countering extremism. The authors assign an important place in countering extremism to its prevention. Special attention should be paid to preventive measures among schoolchildren and young people as the most vulnerable and psychologically immature part of the population. In particular, a tangible effect is expected from the introduction of the relevant subject into both the school curriculum and the university education system. In general, among the measures to counter extremism, the authors highlight the improvement of legislation; public involvement in countering extremism; initiatives aimed at promoting intercultural dialogue, increasing media literacy and strengthening interpersonal ties.
ON SOME ISSUES OF IMPROVING LEGISLATION IN THE FIELD OF WASTE MANAGEMENT OF PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION
Authors: Zhandauova Zhanara Abdyldaevna , Karakhozhaev Olzhas Suyundikovich
Published: October 2024

Environmental pollution caused by waste-related activities remains one of the main problems of modern society. Improper waste management has serious consequences for the environment, human health and the economy. It is necessary to strictly comply with legislation, develop effective waste management strategies and raise awareness of environmental responsibility to solve these problems. Legislation on the management of production and consumption waste is regulated by regulatory legal acts, primarily the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Environmental Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, etc. The article suggests some ways to improve the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of waste management, developed scientifically sound recommendations and proposals for their implementation. In this regard, the authors identified gaps, as well as duplicate, outdated norms, conducted an audit of the conceptual apparatus and assessed the effectiveness of the implementation of the Law. In particular, it is recommended to adopt a special law regulating public relations related to the management of production and consumption waste. A review and analysis of scientific and legal approaches to the management of production and consumption waste has been carried out, on the basis of which it is proposed to update the terminology used within the framework of waste management legislation: «waste», «waste of production», «waste of consumption», «waste of consumption and production». Thus, the relevance of this study is enhanced due to the objective needs of further improving the effectiveness of legislation in the field of waste management, its consistency and consistency.
INVESTMENT POLICY OF KAZAKHSTAN IN THE CONTEXT OF ESG PRINCIPLES
Authors: Akhmetov Kenzhaly Kenzhetaevich
Published: October 2024

This article examines the role of ESG principles in international investment law and their increasing importance for the formation of investment policy in Kazakhstan. Attention is drawn to some progress in the implementation of ESG principles, however, this policy is multidirectional, and there are a number of tax and socio-economic disadvantages. The author draws attention to the specific advantages of introducing these principles into investment policy: increasing investment attractiveness, access to new sources of capital, etc. Using the example of a number of large investment proceedings, the importance of these principles is emphasized, and attention is also drawn to the features and complex nature of legal proceedings in this category of investment disputes. The article also notes potentially high reputational risks in international investment proceedings. In this context, ESG principles should be considered as a tool to reduce these types of country risks. The author relies on an article by candidate of legal sciences, associate professor Zh. Kulzhabaeva, which outlines the economic significance of the criteria of feasibility and efficiency. Drawing attention to the significance of the proposed concept, the author proposes to take into account the principles of ESG. This combination will give the investment policy a certain balance and sustainability in the long term. In the final part, the author draws attention to the versatility of the ESG concept and the need to pay attention to a number of issues that have a decisive influence on the degree of implementation of ESG principles and, accordingly, on the sustainability of the state’s investment climate
Peran Guru dalam Pembentukan Karakter Peserta Didik
Authors: Amelia Jesita , Erlinda Yulina , Stelamaris Apriance
Published: October 2024

Education is the formation of character. Teachers have an important role in forming the basic character of students from an early age. Student knowledge and understanding of a material does not make students proficient in everyday life. Mastery of good skills and attitudes is an indicator of the success of a lesson as well as the success of educational goals. Teachers with good character have the opportunity to produce students with better character. Mastery of the method, and mastery of the substance of the material alone is not enough for the teacher. Being a human teacher and having compassion for his students as well as being an ethical mentor are important steps that a teacher must have to produce students with good character. This study aims to see (1) how the teacher's role as a model in the formation of student character, (2) how the challenges faced by the teacher as a model in the formation of student character. The method used in this study is a qualitative description in the form of literature studies, the internet. The results of this study indicate that teachers have complex duties and responsibilities towards achieving educational goals, teachers are not only required to master the knowledge to be taught, have knowledge and teaching skills, teachers are also required to have morals, character and personality that can be role models for students. The character values embedded in the teacher's role are religious, honest, tolerant, disciplined, hard work, creative, and responsible. This is in accordance with the character values according to the Government in the Research and Development agency, the Curriculum Center of the Ministry of National Education.
Automatic closed captions and subtitles in academic video presentations: possibilities and shortcomings
Authors: Veroz-González María Azahara , Castillo Bernal Pilar
Published: October 2024

In light of the increasing number of academic events being recorded or held online since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the present work combines automation processes in audiovisual translation and academic texts–more specifically, video presentations. The research questions are whether the automatic generation of captions is functional to ensure accessibility in academic events and how much post-editing effort would such content require in case a machine translation of the subtitles is to be applied. The research method comprises several phases. First, in a corpus of video presentations of specialised content in English, captions were generated automatically using YouTube Studio to ascertain the general quality and the type of errors generated in the automatically generated closed captions according to Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM) framework. These auto-generated captions were corrected and annotated by considering the following parameters: a) pre-editing time, b) type of error according to MQM framework, and c) severity of the error. Second, the auto-generated captions and corrected were machine translated into Spanish. Furthermore, errors detected in the machine translation of the subtitles (English-Spanish) were post-edited and errors were analysed following the MQM. Reception by a potential audience was also studied, as evaluated by academics from the same field of expertise. The main conclusion is that most errors in machine-translated subtitles stem from incorrect caption segmentation and lack of context awareness, making it essential to correct the closed captions before translation. This thesis is supported by the reception study in which the level of comprehension was higher when the transcription was pre-edited, as most of the problems arise from the closed captions rather than from the translation itself.
Intervenções de enfermagem para pessoas em tratamento hemodialítico: validação de conteúdo
Authors: Almeida Ana Raquel Lima Peralva de , Oliveira Francieli Aparecida de , Costa Laura Emmanuela Lima , Alves Manuela Bastos , Sousa Anderson Reis de , Silva Rudval Souza da
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: validar intervenções de enfermagem para pessoas com doença renal crônica em tratamento hemodialítico, a partir de um cluster de diagnósticos/resultados de enfermagem e com base na Teoria das Transições. Métodos: estudo metodológico de validação de conteúdo de intervenções de enfermagem por especialistas, no qual foram avaliadas a pertinência e relevância das mesmas por meio de uma escala tipo Likert. Foi calculado o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC), considerando aceitável IVC ≥ 0,80. Resultados: foram identificadas 125 intervenções de enfermagem, com base em dois sistemas de Linguagem Padronizada da Enfermagem. Na primeira rodada de validação, 104 enunciados alcançaram IVC ≥ 0,80; cinco foram eliminados (IVC < 0,70) e 16 atingiram IVC ≥ 0,70 e < 0,80, os quais foram enviados para a segunda rodada. Destes, 10 alcançaram IVC ≥ 0,80, dos quais dois foram desmembrados, e seis foram eliminadas (IVC < 0,70). Conclusão: foram validadas 116 intervenções de enfermagem para o atendimento a pessoas com doença renal crônica em tratamento hemodialítico, as quais representam uma base para a prática clínica baseada em evidência.
Domestic Debt and Price Stability in Nigeria
Authors: M. N. Nwala, , J. T. Gimba, , G. E. Eche,
Published: October 2024

The impact of domestic debt on price stability in Nigeria from 2008 to 2023 is being analyzed in the research. The study employed an ex post-facto research design. Data from the Central Bank of Nigeria's statistical bulletin 2023 and Debt Management Office reports 2023 were used, specifically quarterly time series data. The dependent variable of price stability was inflation rate, while the independent variables were banking sector debt and non-banking sector debt. The Johansen cointegration test estimation was used based on the unit root test result which shows that domestic debt had no cointegration with inflation rate in Nigeria. Based on regression analysis, it was found that the banking sector debt had a positive significant effect on inflation rate in Nigeria, while non-banking sector debt had a negative significant effect on inflation rate in Nigeria. Therefore, the study recommended that banking sector debt should be properly channeled to productive financing of working capital in the agricultural sector for seedlings and fertilizers that will enhance price stability by reducing food inflation. Government should give more priority to domestic debt through non-banking sector debts such as the Sukuk loans which are tied to capital projects like roads, rails, and many other infrastructural developments.
Development of an In-situ Nasal Gel Formulation of Bepotastine Besilate for the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Prajapati Anuradha , Patel Jignal , U. Kale Sharad , R. Kansara Bhagya , T. Khan Noorjahan , G. Kolte Pratiksha
Published: October 2024

The objective of this research was to formulate and evaluate mucoadhesive in situ nasal gels as a novel delivery system for Bepotastine Besilate. Aiming to provide sustained drug release directly at the site of action, thereby reducing the need for frequent dosing due to the drug's rapid absorption and short half-life. A series of eight formulations were developed using varying ratios of Poloxamer 407 and Poloxamer 188. The formulations exhibited a visually clear sol phase, indicating uniform dispersion of ingredients, with gelling temperatures ranging from 33.3±0.41 to 36.7±0.73°C. The gelling time, an important parameter for user convenience and efficacy, ranged from 15.7±01.52 to 43.3±20.80 s, meeting practical application requirements. Furthermore, all formulations consistently achieved a drug content of over 95%, ensuring dosage uniformity and efficacy. The pH values of the formulations were within the acceptable range of 6.13±0.10 to 6.91±0.02, minimizing the risk of mucosal irritation upon application. Importantly, the mucoadhesive strength ranged from 1056±0.32 to 6456± 045 dyne/cm², indicating robust adhesion to nasal mucosa, which is critical for prolonged drug retention and sustained release. In vitro drug release studies demonstrated sustained release profiles exceeding 4 hours for all formulations, following Higuchi kinetics, suggesting controlled drug release from the gel matrix. Accelerated stability studies corroborated the formulations' stability over the test period, indicating their potential for long-term storage and commercial viability. Additionally, FTIR analysis revealed no evidence of drug-polymer interactions, confirming the compatibility of Bepotastine Besilate with the selected polymer matrix. These comprehensive findings support the potential of in situ nasal gels as an effective and promising strategy for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of Bepotastine Besilate, thereby improving patient outcomes.
Performance Analysis of Breast Cancer Classification Using Feature Selection and Machine Learning
Authors: Megha Singh
Published: October 2024

Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women globally and, therefore any means of diagnosing this disease, accurately and early enough is quite important in handling it. Here in this paper, author aims to compare the result of different machine learning algorithms in classification of breast cancer based on feature selection. In the present study we utilize Dataset that includes clinical and imaging data derived from breast cancer patients. Classification models are regularized with Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in an attempt to manage and minimize the dimensionality of certain datasets. Some of the learning algorithms that are used include SVM, Random forest and the k-NN algorithms with the selected features being used to train and test the various algorithms. Classification models’ efficacy is measured by performance indicators: accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC-ROC. In our experiments, we have observed an area under the curve and reduced classification error along with increased computation time and iter – a consequence of selection or rejection of features. Moreover, we compute the discriminant features detectable to classify breast cancer well. The knowledge gained from this experience can be of significant help in the improvement of current machine learning methods aimed at diagnosing breast cancer, and may help to identify this illness at an early stage and significantly enhance people’s quality of life.
The Production of Melanin Pigments From Some Pathogenic Fungi in Response to L-Tyrosine Under Laboratory Conditions
Authors:   Ministry of Higher Education & AUTHORITY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, Agriculture Research Center, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Baghdad, Iraq, A. al-Khafaji Khlood , Z. Ali Hamdia , J. Feadh Ahmed , M. Saood Hutham , A. Abdulrahman Abdulrahman , A. Mahmmod Saffa , A. Abedallah Mohammed
Published: October 2024

Background: This study aims to evaluate response of plant pathogenic fungi to the amino acid L-tyrosine through the production of melanin. Methods: Potato dextrose broth (PDB) and PDB with 1% L-tyrosine were used for current evaluation. Melanin was produced, extracted and characterized from pathogenic fungi that infected rice in Iraq. Results: Results indicated that L-tyrosine was used as a source of the precursor by fungi belonging to Bipolaris. spicifera R15, Alternaria. alternata R18, Exserohilum. rostratum R19, Alternaria. alternate R20, and Alternaria. tenuissima R23, also produced higher levels of condensed black pigment. While, fungi like Nigrospora oryzae R9, Curvularia lunata R7, C lunata R21 and A tenuissima R24 were used more than one pathway for melanin production. UV transmittance increased significantly from 600 nm to 300 nm whereas absorbance decreased at 260 and 280 nm for all of the studied fungi. Analysis of FT-IR spectra and related assignment group of resolved that melanin extracted from B. spicifera R15 (3408.22), A. alternate R20 (3392.79), and A. tenuissima R24 (3387). Wavenumbers 2924 cm−1 and 2854 cm−1 were found in E. rostratum R19, A. alternative R20, and A. tenuissima R24 melanin extracts, respectively. Meanwhile, B. spicifera R15 revealed a single peak at 2929 cm−1. 3007.02 cm−1, 3072.6 cm−1, 3074.53 cm−1, 2920.3 cm−1, 2704.2 cm−1, and 1861.31 cm−1 are also assigned wavenumbers. Conclusion: Melanin-like pigments are produced via L-tyrosine-dependent and independent pathways. All colors extracted from fungal hyphae were morphologically and chemically identical to melanin. A UV scan and FT-IR analysis revealed differences in the physical appearance of building units and the structure of the melanin pigment produced by plant pathogenic fungi.
Comparison Study Between Inherited and Biogenic Calcium Carbonate Formation on The Surface Roots of Eucalyptus Trees Using X-Ray Technique and Field Observations
Authors:   University of Misan , College of basic education , Dept. Of Geography, H. Kareem Hashim , H. Habeeb Kahraman , S.  Al-Shihmani Layth
Published: October 2024

Background: This study aims to explain the mechanism of formation of calcite and it's to shed light on the synthetic carbonate crystallization on the surface of roots due to this mechanism is poorly understood and highly controversial. It is accepted that calcite formed originally from parent rocks and not in soils. Method: The origin of calcite in calcareous soil, in Aldiwaniya city, Iraq was investigated, by selecting two soil samples, one from the contact zone with root surface and the other sample from bulk soil and out of the root system. Results: X-ray diffraction showed that the calcite has two types, first one is well crystallized and ordered, with only minor deviations in lattice unit cell parameters relative to typical calcite. The clay-sized calcite (active calcite) is enriched in A and C-horizons relative to biogenic calcite and this mineral exist in larger size separates, and it's clearly appears in the shape of white crystals around eucalyptus root surfaces as shown in graphs. The results of X-ray showed that the appearance of smectite mineral which was diagnosed by the peak 14.21 A° in air dry magnesium-saturated treatment which expanded to 16.28 A° when saturated with ethylene glycol, where clarity of peak was increased, Also, the results showed that the appearance of peak 14.21 A° in magnesium saturation air dried, as a shoulder on the peak of the mica (10.14 A°). Conclusion: In general, calcite minerals have characteristic x-ray diffraction peaks at the following angles: 29.5, 31.7, 34.5, 35.7, 47.3, 56.4, and 63.4 degrees.
Sorption properties of a new modified flax fibre sorbent
Authors: Nokoforova Tatyana , Sofronov Artemiy
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study is to develop a modified sorbent of flax waste and investigate its sorption properties towards Cu (II) ions. The authors conducted the modification in two steps. The first step was oxidation of flax fibre cellulose with sodium metaperiodate to dialdehyde cellulose, the second one was the addition of taurine to increase the sorption characteristics of the modified sorbent. The paper presents the conditions for the periodate oxidation reaction of flax fibre and the treatment of the resulting dialdehyde cellulose with taurine. We determined the sorption characteristics of the modified sorbent in comparison with the original flax fibre. Kinetic studies allowed us to establish the time of reaching sorption equilibrium in the heterophase system ‘aqueous solution of metal salt-sorbent’ and determine the reaction order using pseudo first and pseudo-second order kinetics models. The authors processed the sorption isotherms obtained during the experiments using the Langmuir model. The maximum sorption capacity increased by 3 times compared to the original flax fibre. IR spectroscopy confirmed the improvement of equilibrium and kinetic characteristics of flax fibre occuring as a result of the appearance of new sorption centres in its structure.
Synthesis and physicochemical studies of iron(III) complex compounds with TSC
Authors: Bobokalonov Todzhiddin , Safarmamadzoda Safarmamad
Published: October 2024

The authors developed methods for the synthesis of coordination compounds of iron(III) with thiosemicarbazide (TSC).The compounds structure was proved by IR spectroscopy, conductometry, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetry. The authors found the bidentate coordination of TSC with iron(III) via sulphur and nitrogen atoms. Thermogravimetrically authors have established the proceeding of the complex decomposition in two stages. The first stage involves thermolysis of organic ligands with the formation of the corresponding iron salts; the second one includes decomposition of iron salts and formation of iron(III) oxide. Conductometrically we have established the synthesised complexes are strong electrolytes. X-ray diffraction shows the crystallisation of the complexes into orthorhombic syngonies. There are two structural units in the cell.
Post-project financial auditing as a continuous improvement tool for SMEs
Authors: Godwin Ozoemenam Achumie  , Oluwaseun Adeola Bakare  , Njideka Ihuoma Okeke
Published: October 2024

Post-project financial auditing is a critical tool for ensuring transparency, accountability, and financial accuracy within small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). As SMEs navigate project-based operations, it is essential to assess the financial outcomes of completed projects to inform future decision-making and resource allocation. This review explores the role of post-project financial auditing as a continuous improvement tool in SMEs, highlighting its ability to enhance financial discipline, improve cost control, and promote long-term financial sustainability. By examining key aspects of project revenues, expenditures, and profitability, post-project financial audits provide insights into financial performance that are essential for strategic planning. These audits help identify budget deviations, resource misallocations, and cost inefficiencies, enabling SMEs to adjust future financial planning and project management practices. In doing so, audits contribute to refining budgeting processes, promoting data-driven decision-making, and reducing financial risks in subsequent projects. The review also emphasizes the benefits of post-project auditing in fostering a culture of financial responsibility within SMEs. Through the audit process, SMEs can strengthen internal controls, monitor compliance with financial regulations, and ensure that project outcomes align with organizational financial goals. Additionally, the integration of audit findings into future financial strategies enables SMEs to continuously improve their profitability, mitigate risks, and enhance overall financial stability. Despite the clear advantages, challenges such as resource constraints, data management issues, and limited audit expertise can hinder the adoption of post-project audits in SMEs. The review offers practical recommendations to address these challenges, advocating for the use of scalable audit frameworks, digital tools, and ongoing staff training to support effective auditing practices. Ultimately, post-project financial auditing represents a vital mechanism for driving continuous improvement and ensuring the financial resilience of SMEs in an increasingly competitive marketplace.
Prakop Alert - Mobile App
Authors:   International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), JHA Anil
Published: October 2024

Prakop Alert offers real-time weather and flood forecasts. This free app provides detailed information in Nepali and English on rainfall, temperature, wind, lightning, and streamflow for rivers in Nepal. This app is available to download on the Android Play Store.
Assitenza ventilatoria non invasiva: dalla teoria alla pratica
Authors: Grigoletto Veronica , Cognigni Marta , Badina Laura , Ghirardo Sergio , Maschio Massimo , Mazzari Laura , Amaddeo Alessandro
Published: October 2024

Noninvasive respiratory assistance strategies are becoming part of everyday life for paediatricians, both in hospitals and territorial settings. In the acute condition, a timely and correct use of noninvasive respiratory support can improve the outcome of acute respiratory failure, decreasing the need for invasive mechanical ventilation. An increasing number of chronic patients can benefit from appropriate treatment with home ventilators. Respiratory assistance may be performed using High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC), Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) or NonInvasive Ventilation (NIV), depending on the primary cause of respiratory failure. Understanding the working mechanisms of the different techniques and the golden rules to use them is crucial for a satisfying outcome.
L'enuresi notturna: in quadramento e gestione
Authors: Renzullo Alma Martina , Benvenuto Simone , Nait Giulia , Pennesi Marco
Published: October 2024

Enuresis is the involuntary discharge of urine during sleep. It is a fairly common problem in paediatric age: approximately 1 child out of 5 is affected at 5 years of age, with a potential significant impact on their quality of life and family. Pathogenesis is multifactorial, resulting in a combination of genetic factors, delayed maturation of the central nervous system, night-time anti-diuretic hormone deficiency and, in case, coexisting conditions such as sleep and behavioural disorders. Adequate diagnosis and management can speed up resolution, which usually occurs spontaneously, and identify those cases underlying an organic cause. Diagnosis is clinical. Instrumental investigation (such as ultrasound or urodynamic tests) is reserved to selected cases. Treatment mainly involves behavioural approach alongside, in those in which this approach fails, nocturnal alarm and/or pharmacological therapy. Assessment of associated comorbidities is crucial (ex. constipation, sleep and behavioural disorders).
Beyond the One: Toward a Multireligious Framework for the Study of World Christianity
Authors: Premawardhana Devaka
Published: October 2024

In recent decades, numerous analytical and conceptual discourses have arisen in support of a shift toward comparative and multireligious frameworks for the study of religion. These include critiques of conventional mono-religious approaches to the anthropology of religion, vibrant discussions around comparative theology and multiple religious belonging, and the emergence of interreligious studies as a field. This article explores these and similar scholarly shifts in relation to the field of world Christianity. The aims are to bring these discussions to bear on the work of world Christianity scholars and to argue that world Christianity would do well to engage them as a way of solidifying its grounding in religions beyond Christianity.
Subversive Liturgical Song: Jonas Manjengwa’s “Ndofamba Ndofamba” Song in the Methodist Episcopal Church and Colonial Regime in Southern Rhodesia
Authors: Nenjerama Theophilus Tinashe
Published: October 2024

This article interrogates the work of Jonas Mandara Manjengwa, an African convert in the early movement of the Methodist Episcopal Church (MEC) in Rhodesia. The article examines the ingenuity of Manjengwa, an MEC African pastor-teacher, in challenging the church’s ideological conceptions through his song “Ndofamba Ndofamba.” By prioritizing Manjengwa’s song, the article explores the appropriation of indigeneity in music writing as a challenge to the MEC’s theological and ideological conceptions. Utilizing James Scott’s “hidden transcript” theory, the article submits that “Ndofamba Ndofamba” is a subversive composition within the matrix of missionary liturgical hegemony. The subversion follows what Lamin Sanneh calls the “indigenous discovery of Christianity”—a prioritization of indigenous cultures in understanding Christianity. The article concludes that “Ndofamba Ndofamba” connotes subversion against the church’s ideology and the broader sociopolitical and economic realities in the Rhodesian colonial hegemony.
What to Do after the Emancipation Proclamation? A Princeton Seminary Alumnus’s Views on Racial Issues and Slavery in Brazil and the United States (1852–1867)
Authors: Falcão Jr. Jorge William
Published: October 2024

This article reflects on how the concept of race and views on African Americans and Afro-Brazilians permeated the American Presbyterian missions that operated in the Brazilian empire in the nineteenth century. This analysis considers the writing and reading of Ashbel Green Simonton (1833–1867), a Princeton Seminary alum sent to Brazil as a missionary by the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America (PCUSA). In his missionary activity, Simonton founded the first Presbyterian Church and the first evangelical periodical in Brazil. Considering the intercessions between the racial theories stemming from natural history and nineteenth-century theological anthropologies, as well as the missionary’s interactions with the racial and slavery issues that permeated the American Civil War (1861–1865), this article analyzes Simonton’s journal (1852–1867), the books requested by Simonton at Princeton Theological Seminary (1856–1858), and the periodical Imprensa Evangélica (Evangelical Press, 1864–1867).
Teaching Secondary Meaning in Korean -ess-eya ha- Constructions
Authors: Mun Bokyung , Lee Sinae
Published: October 2024

This article investigates the degree to which second language (L2) learners whose first language (L1) is English access the nonactualization inference that arises at the semantic-pragmatic interface in Korean. As in English, when the modal -eya ha- “should, must” interacts with the past tense, a secondary interpretation that the complement does not hold becomes salient. The results from 12 native speakers of Korean and 16 L2 learners of varying study durations suggested that L2 learners do not compute the secondary inferences in the same way native speakers do, regardless of their study duration. A survey of textbooks frequently adopted in Korean teaching programs across the United States and in South Korea suggests that this nonactualization inference resulting from the interaction of modal and tense is not included as part of the lessons across different levels. The current study argues that this inference should be taught explicitly as part of the language program for the learners, given the frequency of this structure. The study also proposes how and when such secondary meaning should be introduced in language classrooms.
영어권 한국어 학습자의 보조사 ‘도’ 사용 발달 연구A Study of English-Speaking Korean Learners’ Acquisition of the Particle to “also”
Authors: Kim Minju , Nam Yonghyun
Published: October 2024

English-speaking learners of Korean frequently have difficulty acquiring the Korean particle “to,” which is translatable as also. This study conducts two analyses: an error analysis of English-speaking learners’ use of “to” and a comparison of the use of “to” by advanced learners and native speakers. First, our error analysis of the learner corpus finds that beginners frequently make errors in positioning “to” and in combining “to” with other particles; intermediate learners also have difficulty with positioning “to” correctly, as well as with using “to” to make parallel connections. Advanced learners still struggle with parallel connections, but their overall error rate is significantly less. Second, the study’s contrastive interlanguage analysis investigates whether advanced learners can use diverse polysemous meanings of the particle “to” and whether they can use complex grammatical patterns, including “to,” as proficiently as native speakers. Compared to native speakers, advanced learners use two meanings less frequently: an “extreme presentation” meaning, where “to” can be translated as even; and an “emphasis” meaning, which lacks a single-word English translation. Our analysis also found that advanced learners use two grammatical patterns less frequently than native speakers: complex combinations of particles including “to,” and adding the meaning of “to” to a predicate.
Developing Tasks for Real-Life Kiosk Transactions for Elementary Korean Learners
Authors: Kim Misun , Jeong You Hyun
Published: October 2024

This study proposes a task-based teaching approach to assist Korean language learners in effectively navigating kiosk interactions. With the growing expansion of non-face-to-face transactions, particularly driven by development in the service industry and the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a remarkable surge in kiosk installations worldwide. This study analyzed the language commonly used in kiosk settings and introducing tailored teaching methods and materials for beginner and intermediate Korean learners. The study comprises two main parts: data analysis and the proposal of teaching content. The data analysis section examines how the task of “ordering” is presented in Korean language textbooks and refines corpus data sourced by the National Institute of Korean Language (2022). Specifically, the study analyzes kiosk language, identifying lexical morphemes (nouns, verbs, and adjectives), significant collocations, verb endings, and dependent nouns based on frequency. In the teaching content section, the study presents educational materials grounded in task-based teaching to facilitate direct engagement with kiosks for practicing ordering food and beverages in authentic scenarios. The significance of this study lies in its exploration of pervasive kiosk-related issues in Korea, providing learners with practical language skills essential for navigating modern society.
Putting the “Return” Back in the Inhibition of Return Effect in Working Memory
Authors: Hautekiet Caro , Langerock Naomi , Vergauwe Evie
Published: October 2024

The inhibition of return effect in perception refers to the observation that one is slower to re-attend a location that was attended right before, compared to a location that was not attended right before. Johnson et al. (2013, Psych. Sc., 24, 1104–1112, doi:10.1177/0956797612466414) observed a similar inhibitory effect for an attended item in working memory, which the authors referred to as an inhibition-of-return-like effect. However, testing an inhibition of return effect requires attention to be disengaged from the attended item, before testing whether participants are slower to return to said item. This was assumed but not experimentally manipulated in the paradigm by Johnson and colleagues. In the current study, we investigated whether an inhibition of return effect can be observed in working memory when attention is experimentally disengaged from the attended item before measuring whether responses are slower for the item in question. Participants were indeed slower to respond to a memory probe that matched the item that was attended right before, compared to a memory probe that matched the item that was not attended right before. Thus, our test with more experimental control did result in an inhibition of return effect in working memory.