bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Psychiatry Consultation for Musculoskeletal Trauma Patients
Authors: Campbell Sean T. , Kortlever Joost T.P. , Franciscus Amanda M. , Ravindranath Divy , Ring David , Bishop Julius A. ,   Science of Variation Group
Published: November 2024

In an online, survey-based experiment, musculoskeletal surgeon members of the science of variation group (n = 243) and a group of consult-liaison psychiatrists (n = 18) read 5 hypothetical scenarios of patients recovering from musculoskeletal trauma, each containing 5 randomized patient variables, and indicated their recommendation for psychiatry consultation or not. Factors associated with recommendation for psychiatry consultation included younger age, history of a psychiatric disorder, and pre-injury use of antipsychotic medications, and scenarios involving psychosis, suicidality, hallucinations in the setting of substance withdrawal, and questionable capacity for informed consent, but not with sadness alone. Musculoskeletal surgeons can collaborate with psychiatrists to develop comprehensive care for inpatients with musculoskeletal trauma starting with relatively pressing mental health needs and perhaps expanding into treatment of sadness or worry that can manifest as greater symptom intensity and a delayed recovery trajectory.
Uplifting the Voices of Asian American Parents Through an Online Family Book Club: Elicited and Silenced Cultural Knowledge
Authors: Hao Ling
Published: November 2024

This ethnographic case study explores how parents participating in reading experiences influenced children's responses to culturally relevant texts. I focus on six Chinese American families who participated in an online family book club. The children were between the ages of four and six and spoke both English and Chinese Mandarin. In each session, the families listened to an interactive read-aloud, participated in a family book discussion after reading, and shared a question/connection with the group. The data included transcribed video-recordings, transcripts of the family's book discussions, and transcripts of interviews conducted with the families. These data were analyzed using Nexus Analysis and grounded coding methods. Findings showed that parents fostered connections between the child, the book, and their own relationship to the book. These connections reflected heritage culture, family history, and family experiences. The parents shaped the children's reading experience and cultural knowledge by building on and extending existing cultural knowledge, redirecting children to attend to new cultural knowledge, choosing not to address certain types of cultural knowledge, utilizing home resources, and cultivating intercultural awareness and language learning. This study has implications for teachers and educators who want to engage parents in supporting children's cultural knowledge.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Perceived Barriers of Undergraduate Medical Students Towards Research. A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire-Based Study in Morocco
Authors: Chenfouh Imane , Atassi Mariam , Yeznasni Asmae , Lekfif Asmae , Abda Naima
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Research is important for the advancement of the medical field. Integrating research in the undergraduate medical curricula is crucial. Previous studies have explored medical students’ knowledge of, attitude towards, and barriers to medical research in different countries. We aim in this study to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and barriers of medical students towards research in a Moroccan medical school.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study including all medical students at Oujda Medical School from the first year to their seventh year. Data were collected using an anonymous, self-administered online questionnaire that had been pilot-tested beforehand. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate students’ knowledge, attitude, and perceived barriers regarding research. Additionally, we analyzed how students’ attitude, knowledge and barriers scores correlated with various sociodemographic variables.

Results

We received 754 completed responses in total. The knowledge score was relatively low, with a median of 2 (IQR 1-3) across 8 questions, indicating limited understanding of research basics. However, the majority of students expressed a positive attitude towards scientific research, with a median score of 3.26 (IQR 3.04-3.5) on ATR scale. Numerous challenges were identified by the students, including time constraints (75.6%), insufficient funding (75%), and inadequate laboratory facilities (72.6%).

Conclusion

Moroccan students displayed a high level of attitude towards research, yet a low knowledge score. This discrepancy may be explained by several perceived obstacles towards research. To enhance students’ engagement in undergraduate research, these barriers must be addressed.
Reimagining the unimagined subjects of racial capitalism
Authors: Vestal Marques
Published: November 2024

Marxian and Foucauldian models of power fail to fully imagine all subjects of domination, in particular, water. In this commentary, I use a brief historical sketch of turn twentieth-century Skid Row in Los Angeles, California to reveal the possible hidden history obscured by our assessment of “neglected” land. This commentary explores how the flow of water and water infrastructure influenced the trajectory of private land enclosure. I argue that historic water flows of the Los Angeles River and the prior construction of communal water irrigation infrastructure provided the opportunity for the accumulation of communal land use, attenuating the total enclosure of private property as an urban subdivision. The sketch calls on critical housing studies scholars to reimagine the possible unimagined subjects of racial capitalism.
When Replication Fails: What to Conclude and Not to Conclude?
Authors: Sleegers Willem W. A. , van Leeuwen Florian , Ross Robert M. , DeMarree Kenneth G. , van Beest Ilja , Priolo Daniel , Martinie Marie-Amélie , Morvinski Coby , Verschuere Bruno , Vaidis David C.
Published: November 2024

In this commentary, we examine the implications of the failed replication reported by Vaidis et al., which represents the largest multilab attempt to replicate the induced-compliance paradigm in cognitive-dissonance theory. We respond to commentaries on this study and discuss potential explanations for the null findings, including issues with the perceived choice manipulation and various post hoc explanations. Our commentary includes an assessment of the broader landscape of cognitive-dissonance research, revealing pervasive methodological limitations, such as underpowered studies and a lack of open-science practices. We conclude that our replication study and our examination of the literature raise substantial concerns about the reliability of the induced-compliance paradigm and highlight the need for more rigorous research practices in the field of cognitive dissonance.
Imetelstat: a new addition to the therapeutic landscape of lower-risk MDS
Authors: Abaza Yasmin , DeZern Amy E.
Published: November 2024

Anemia is the most prevalent cytopenia in lower-risk myelodysplastic neoplasms (LR-MDS). There is a paucity of drugs for red blood cell transfusion dependence (RBC-TD), and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) are the mainstay of therapy in many centers. Imetelstat, an oligonucleotide telomerase inhibitor, was recently approved for adults with RBC-TD LR-MDS who are ineligible for or failed prior ESA therapy. Although not yet approved worldwide, here we spotlight the current data for imetelstat and where it may fit in the therapeutic landscape of LR-MDS.
Anti-IL-4Rα aptamer reduces IL-4 signaling and formation of nasal polyps
Authors: Saheb Sharif-Askari Fatemeh , Hafezi Shirin , Hachim Ibrahim , Mdkhana Bushra , Khalid Baraa , Al-Sheakly Salah , Saheb Sharif-Askari Narjes , Selvakumar Balachandar , Halwani Rabih
Published: November 2024

Aptamers are RNA- or DNA-based oligomers with high protein-specific binding properties that have demonstrated effectiveness in targeting various proteins and treating diseases such as cancer. However, their application in regulating chronic respiratory diseases, such as chronic rhinosinusitis, is not well established. Therefore, in this study, we used the anti-IL-4Rα aptamer (anti-IL-4Rα apt) to investigate its impact on IL-4R signaling and related Th2-type inflammation in nasal polyp tissue. To achieve this, we treated nasal polyp tissue extracted from chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients who had undergone polypectomy with the anti-IL-4Rα apt. Interestingly, we observed that the treatment resulted in a significant reduction in IL-4-STAT6 signaling and Th2-mediated inflammation, as demonstrated by an approximately 2-fold decrease in the levels of IL-4Rα, phosphorylated STAT6 (p-STAT6), and GATA3 in treated nasal polyp (NP) tissues compared to the untreated uncinate process (p<0.001). Additionally, to evaluate the effects of the anti-IL-4Rα apt on nasal polyp formation, we first established an eosinophilic mouse model of CRSwNP, aiming to mimic the Th2 inflammatory pathogenesis observed in CRSwNP. Notably, we observed that the administration of the anti-IL-4Rα apt effectively reduced nasal polyp formation and Th2-mediated inflammation, as shown by an approximately 3-fold reduction in the percentages of IL-4Rα, GATA3, and p-STAT6 positive cells in the nasal tissues of this mouse model (p<0.001). Given that the anti-IL-4Rα aptamer demonstrated comparable efficacy to dupilumab-an anti-IL-4Rα therapy proven effective for CRSwNP, this research highlights the potential therapeutic efficacy of aptamers in managing chronic inflammatory conditions such as those seen in CRSwNP.
Polygenic risk of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and COVID-19 severity
Authors: Guillen-Guio Beatriz , Marcelino-Rodriguez Itahisa , Lorenzo-Salazar Jose Miguel , Leavy Olivia C. , Allen Richard J. , Pompa-Mera Ericka N. , Riancho José A. , Rojas-Martinez Augusto , Lapunzina Pablo , Carracedo Ángel , Wain Louise V. , Flores Carlos ,   Scourge Cohort Group
Published: November 2024

Background

A shared genetic component between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has been described based on analyses of individual risk variants. Here we used a whole-genome polygenic risk score (PRS) approach to further evaluate age- and sex-stratified genetic overlap between IPF and severe COVID-19 to give insight into shared biological mechanisms which might both inform therapeutic strategies for both diseases.

Methods

We used results from the largest genome-wide association study of clinically defined IPF risk (4125 cases/20 464 controls) and individual-level data from the SCOURGE European study of COVID-19 (5968 cases/9056 controls). We calculated IPF PRSs and assessed their association with COVID-19 severity, stratified by age and sex. We performed replication in an independent dataset of Latin-American patients (1625 cases/1887 controls). Enrichment and pathway-specific PRS analyses were performed to study biological pathways associated with COVID-19 severity.

Results

IPF PRSs were significantly associated with COVID-19 hospitalisation and severe illness in Europeans and replicated in a Latin-American cohort. The strongest association was found in <60 years patients, especially among younger males (p=6.39×10−5). Pathway-specific PRSs analyses supported a link to cadherin and integrin signalling pathways.

Conclusions

The study indicates age and sex-dependent genome-wide genetic overlap between IPF and severe COVID-19 and highlights specific shared biological mechanisms underlying both conditions. This could also imply that individuals with a high IPF genetic risk are at an overall increased risk of developing lung sequelae resulting from severe COVID-19.
Development of a robust SNP marker set for genotyping diverse gene bank collections of polyploid roses
Authors: Patzer Laurine , Thomsen Tim , Wamhoff David , Schulz Dietmar Frank , Linde Marcus , Debener Thomas
Published: November 2024

Background

Due to genetic depletion in nature, gene banks play a critical role in the long-term conservation of plant genetic resources and the provision of a wide range of plant genetic diversity for research and breeding programs. Genetic information on accessions facilitates gene bank management and can help to conserve limited resources and to identify taxonomic misclassifications or mislabelling. Here, we developed SNP markers for genotyping 4,187 mostly polyploid rose accessions from large rose collections, including the German Genebank for Roses.

Results

We filtered SNP marker information from the RhWag68k Axiom SNP array using call rates, uniformity of the four allelic dosage groups and chromosomal position to improve genotyping efficiency. After conversion to individual PACE® markers and further filtering, we selected markers with high discriminatory power. These markers were used to analyse 4,187 accessions with a mean call rate of 91.4%. By combining two evaluation methods, the mean call rate was increased to 95.2%. Additionally, the robustness against the genotypic groups used for calling was evaluated, resulting in a final set of 18 markers. Analyses of 94 pairs of assumed duplicate accessions included as controls revealed unexpected differences for eight pairs, which were confirmed using SSR markers. After removing the duplicates and filtering for accessions that were robustly called with all 18 markers, 141 out of the 1,957 accessions showed unexpected identical marker profiles with at least one other accession in our PACE® and SSR analysis. Given the attractiveness of NGS technologies, 13 SNPs from the marker set were also analysed using amplicon sequencing, with 76% agreement observed between PACE® and amplicon markers.

Conclusions

Although sampling error cannot be completely excluded, this is an indication that mislabelling occurs in rose collections and that molecular markers may be able to detect these cases. In future applications, our marker set could be used to develop a core reference set of representative accessions, and thus optimise the selection of gene bank accessions.
Characterization of the Cannabis sativa glandular trichome epigenome
Authors: Conneely Lee J. , Hurgobin Bhavna , Ng Sophia , Tamiru-Oli Muluneh , Lewsey Mathew G.
Published: November 2024

Background

The relationship between epigenomics and plant specialised metabolism remains largely unexplored despite the fundamental importance of epigenomics in gene regulation and, potentially, yield of products of plant specialised metabolic pathways. The glandular trichomes of Cannabis sativa are an emerging model system that produce large quantities of cannabinoid and terpenoid specialised metabolites with known medicinal and commercial value. To address this lack of epigenomic data, we mapped H3K4 trimethylation, H3K56 acetylation, H3K27 trimethylation post-translational modifications and the histone variant H2A.Z, using chromatin immunoprecipitation, in C. sativa glandular trichomes, leaf, and stem tissues. Corresponding transcriptomic (RNA-seq) datasets were integrated, and tissue-specific analyses conducted to relate chromatin states to glandular trichome specific gene expression.

Results

The promoters of cannabinoid and terpenoid biosynthetic genes, specialised metabolite transporter genes, defence related genes, and starch and sucrose metabolism were enriched specifically in trichomes for histone marks H3K4me3 and H3K56ac, consistent with active transcription. We identified putative trichome-specific enhancer elements by identifying intergenic regions of H3K56ac enrichment, a histone mark that maintains enhancer accessibility, then associated these to putative target genes using the tissue specific gene transcriptomic data. Bi-valent chromatin loci specific to glandular trichomes, marked with H3K4 trimethylation and H3K27 trimethylation, were associated with genes of MAPK signalling pathways and plant specialised metabolism pathways, supporting recent hypotheses that implicate bi-valent chromatin in plant defence. The histone variant H2A.Z was largely found in intergenic regions and enriched in chromatin that contained genes involved in DNA homeostasis.

Conclusion

We report the first genome-wide histone post-translational modification maps for C. sativa glandular trichomes, and more broadly for glandular trichomes in plants. Our findings have implications in plant adaptation and stress responses and provide a basis for enhancer-mediated, targeted, gene transformation studies in plant glandular trichomes.
‘Incense is the one that keeps the air fresh’: indoor air quality perceptions and attitudes towards health risk
Authors: Williams Ashley , Schulte Kayla , Varaden Diana
Published: November 2024

Background

Air pollution is of significant environmental and public health concern globally. While much research has historically focused on outdoor air pollution, indoor air pollution has been relatively under-explored despite its strong connection with health outcomes, particularly respiratory health. Studies on air pollution exposure mitigation consistently reveal a significant knowledge gap between the understanding of air pollution as a health risk among lay individuals and expert scientists. This study aimed to assess how people define and understand the concept of ‘clean air’ within their home setting.

Methods

We adopted a mixed-methods approach which used a guided questionnaire designed to elicit both quantitative and qualitative data, collected as digital voice notes. The total sample (n = 40) comprised data from two socially different sites of science and non-science events. We compared whether the notion of clean air inside homes differs between these two different social contexts and how views and ‘sense’ of indoor air pollution are formed. The concept of ‘place’ facilitated fluidity in our explorative analysis. Insights allowed us to assess the extent to which context mediates individuals’ perceptions of indoor air pollution and attitudes towards health risk.

Results

We found that individuals’ insights were embodied in repetitive day-to-day activities (e.g. cleaning and cooking). Three key themes emerged (1) Stimulative Effects, (2) Contextual Conditions, and (3) Risk Attitudes. Sensory perceptions such as sight, smell and temperature primarily motivated participants to assess air quality inside their homes. These perceptions were shaped by contextual conditions, influencing how individuals perceived their health risk and were subsequently motivated to spend personal time considering or seeking information about household air pollution, or improving their home air quality.

Conclusions

Our insights revealed that social, geographical, and contextual factors play a crucial role in individuals’ understandings of indoor air pollution. These dimensions should be integrated into designs of effective public health risk communication strategies. Our findings highlight that common lay perceptions and practices intended to improve air quality may pose health risks. Therefore, risk communication about household air pollution must extend beyond objective information by considering contextual factors that shape how people interpret and respond to air quality issues.

Clinical trial number

Not applicable.
“Effect of mid-root perforation and its repair on stress distribution and fracture resistance: a 3D finite element analysis and in vitro study”
Authors: Elwazan Ghada Ihab , Roshdy Nehal Nabil , Abdelaziz Saied
Published: November 2024

Aim

to assess and compare the effect of mid-root perforation repair using Biodentine and Portland cement in single-rooted endodontically treated mandibular premolars in terms of stress distribution using finite element analysis (FEA) and fracture resistance test.

Methods

In the FEA, an extracted human mandibular premolar tooth was scanned using cone beam computed tomography, and a 3-dimensional (3D) solid model was created. A sound tooth model (ST), an endodontically treated model (ET), an instrumented and mid-root perforated and repaired by Biodentine model (BM), and perforated and repaired by Portland cement model (PCM) were the 4 models simulated. A vertical force of 300 N on the occlusal plane was applied. Evaluation of von Mises stress distribution and maximum displacement were investigated. In the fracture resistance in vitro study, 28 extracted premolars were selected and randomized into 4 groups, (n = 7), (A) is the negative control intact group, (B) is the positive control of endodontically treated group, (C) is mid-root perforated and repaired by Biodentine group and (D) is mid-root perforated and repaired by Portland cement. All Teeth were instrumented except for group A, group B was obturated while groups C and D were instrumented, perforated, repaired, and obturated. All groups were restored coronally except group A. Fracture force was measured; subsequently, the fracture repairability was evaluated. Finally, the data were statistically evaluated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA); the significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05 and the repairability of teeth after fracture was correlated to the maximum loading using Pearson’s coefficient tests.

Results

In FEA, Maximum von Mises stress was descending assorted as 121.1 MPa for ET, 115.6 MPa for BM and PCM, and 109 MPa for ST, and in the mid-root area or perforation site were 20 MPa for PCM, 16.17 MPa for BM, 10.16 MPa for ET and 8.1 MPa for ST while the Maximum Displacement was descending assorted as 0.0179 mm for ET, 0.0169 mm for BM and PCM and 0.0151 mm for ST. In the fracture resistance test, Group A showed higher fracture resistance than other groups significantly. There was a non-significant difference between Groups B, C, and D. There was also an insignificant correlation between the maximum loading and the repairability of the tooth after fracture.

Conclusion

FEA and fracture resistance test showed that the 2 repair materials are acceptable and recommended in iatrogenic mid-root perforation.
Experiences of bullying among nursing students during clinical practice: a scoping review of qualitative studies
Authors: Yosep Iyus , Fitria Nita , Mardhiyah Ai , Pahria Tuti , Yamin Ahmad , Hikmat Rohman
Published: November 2024

Bullying in the clinical setting has become a significant issue for nursing students. The experience of bullying during clinical practice can negatively affect students’ mental and physical health, as well as their professional development. Nursing students are often targets of verbal abuse, intimidation, and discrimination from various individuals in the clinical environment. This behavior not only harms individual students but also affects the quality of patient care. The aim of this study is to provide a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of bullying toward nursing students, identify research gaps, and offer recommendations for future research. This study employed a scoping review method, with articles sourced from four major databases: CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The main keywords used included “bullying,” “nursing students,” “clinical practice,” and “verbal violence.” Inclusion criteria were studies with nurse participants, original research articles, and published within the last 10 years (2015–2024). Data were manually extracted using tables and analyzed through a qualitative descriptive approach. Eleven articles met the inclusion criteria. This scoping review focuses on the findings of an exploration of the experiences of bullying experienced by nursing students, identifies research gaps, and provides suggestions for future research. Findings showed that nursing students experience various forms of bullying, including verbal violence and intimidation, often triggered by power imbalances in interactions with clinical staff and mentors. The impact of bullying is not only detrimental to students’ mental health, but also affects their academic performance and quality of learning. Research gaps found include a lack of studies on the direct relationship between bullying and clinical assessment outcomes, as well as a lack of understanding of effective strategies to address bullying. This study recommends the need for clearer anti-bullying policies and transparent reporting systems, as well as further research to explore the impact of bullying in the context of nursing culture and education system.
Evaluating the implementation of the National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA) gateway for the Basic Healthcare Provision Fund (BHCPF) across six Northern states in Nigeria
Authors: Igbokwe Uchenna , Ibrahim Raihanah , Aina Muyi , Umar Musa , Salihu Muhammed , Omoregie Efosa , Sadiq Firdausi Umar , Obonyo Benson , Muhammad Rilwanu , Isah Salisu Idris , Joseph Natsah , Wakil Babagana , Tijjani Faruk , Ibrahim Abubakar , Yahaya Mohammed Nura , Aigbogun Eric
Published: November 2024

Background

This evaluation research utilized both qualitative and quantitative methods to assess the implementation of the National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA) gateway of the Basic Health Care Provision Fund (BHCPF) across six states in Northern Nigeria: Bauchi, Borno, Kaduna, Kano, Sokoto, and Yobe.

Methods

This was a mixed-method research that utilized longitudinal surveys and Key informant interviews to gather information about the implementation status of the BHCPF-NPHCDA gateway. Checklists were developed based on the BHCPF’s national guidelines to gather quantitative data, while simple open-ended questionnaires were used to collect qualitative data from the state BHCPF Program Implementation Unit (PIU) focal persons as key informants.

Results

The result revealed that the NPHCDA had accredited these six states to use one Primary Health Care (PHC) facility in each political ward to implement the BHCPF. Factors that contributed to the success achieved in some states included the early completion of contingent start-up activities, well-established coordination structures, strong support from partners, and the availability of established financial management systems. However, the delays in the submission of quarterly business plans by the BHCPF facilities affected timely approval and fund disbursement. Other challenges included staff capacity gaps, inadequate human resources, and poor management and supervision from the state health agency teams.

Conclusion

There was suboptimal implementation of the BHCPF in at least one thematic area across all states. Therefore, actions such as government commitment for improved coordination, continuous capacity building, effective monitoring and evaluation, and targeted supportive supervision using innovative approaches should be undertaken to improve the program’s implementation. In a broader setting, the insights from BHCPF implementation are valuable for LMICs, offering guidance on overcoming implementation challenges associated with PHC financing. This research provides a resource for enhancing healthcare financing strategies in similar contexts.
Lung function trajectories in children with early diagnosis of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Lamberti Rossella , Ferraro Simona , Farolfi Andrea , Ghezzi Michele , Zirpoli Salvatore , Munari Alice Marianna , Adivishnu Sai Spandana , Marano Giuseppe , Biganzoli Elia , Zuccotti Gian Vincenzo , D’Auria Enza
Published: November 2024

Background

Non-cystic fibrosis (non-CF) bronchiectasis (BE) is defined as a clinical syndrome of recurrent, persistent wet cough and abnormal bronchial dilatation on chest High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) scans. The aims of this study were to characterize the pattern of the trajectories of lung function parameters and to consider the relationship between the lung function and radiological severity according to the modified Reiff score.

Methods

The study retrospectively considered 86 children (46.5% male, median age of 4 years) with non-CF BE, admitted at the Paediatric Pneumology Unit of Buzzi Children’s Hospital from January 2015 to December 2022. The diagnosis of BE was made according to the presence of a suggestive clinical history and symptoms and key features of BE evidenced on chest HRCT scans. The modified Reiff score was adapted to quantify the severity of BE. Spirometry (COSMED MicroQuark spirometer) was performed at median age of 5.78 years (baseline or T0) and after 1 and 2 years from the baseline (T1 and T2, respectively). The general trends of lung function parameters were estimated by ANOVA models for repeated measurements. For each lung function parameter, a longitudinal regression model was fitted. The analysis was performed with the software R release 4.2.3. The statistical significance was deemed when the p-value resulted lower than 0.05.

Results

The general trends of lung function parameters showed a statistically significant variation of forced vital capacity (FVC%) and forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1%) from T0 to T1 (p = 0.0062, 0.0009) and no significant change for FVC%, FEV1% and forced expiratory flow 25–75% of VC (FEF25/75%) from T1 to T2 (p = 0.145, 0.210, 0.600, respectively). Notably, we found no correlation between the age at diagnosis and the lung function parameters at T0 (r = 0.149, 0.103 and 0.042 for FVC%, FEV1% and FEF25/75%, respectively). Instead, a poor negative correlation resulted between the Reiff score and FVC%, FEV1% e FEF25/75% at baseline (Spearman coefficients: rho=-0.156, -0.204, -0.103, respectively).

Conclusions

A stable pulmonary function is detectable within 2 years follow up from baseline spirometry. The modified Reiff score should be considered as a good tool not only to quantify the radiological lung involvement but also the degree of pulmonary function impairment.
From regulation to deregulation of p53 in hematologic malignancies: implications for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy
Authors: Ahmadi Seyed Esmaeil , Rahimian Elahe , Rahimi Samira , Zarandi Bahman , Bahraini Mehran , Soleymani Maral , Safdari Seyed Mehrab , Shabannezhad Ashkan , Jaafari Niloofar , Safa Majid
Published: November 2024

The p53 protein, encoded by the TP53 gene, serves as a critical tumor suppressor, playing a vital role in maintaining genomic stability and regulating cellular responses to stress. Dysregulation of p53 is frequently observed in hematological malignancies, significantly impacting disease progression and patient outcomes. This review aims to examine the regulatory mechanisms of p53, the implications of TP53 mutations in various hematological cancers, and emerging therapeutic strategies targeting p53. We conducted a comprehensive literature review to synthesize recent findings related to p53's multifaceted role in hematologic cancers, focusing on its regulatory pathways and therapeutic potential. TP53 mutations in hematological malignancies often lead to treatment resistance and poor prognosis. Current therapeutic strategies, including p53 reactivation and gene therapy, show promise in improving treatment outcomes. Understanding the intricacies of p53 regulation and the consequences of its mutations is essential for developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in hematological malignancies, ultimately enhancing patient care and survival.
Exosomal PSM-E inhibits macrophage M2 polarization to suppress prostate cancer metastasis through the RACK1 signaling axis
Authors: Qin Xingliang , Niu Ruoxi , Tan Yongyao , Huang Yuxin , Ren Weishu , Zhou Weiwei , Wu Huiquan , Zhang Junlong , Xu Mingze , Zhou Xiang , Guan Hongyu , Zhu Xun , Chen Yu , Cao Kaiyuan
Published: November 2024

Background

It is well-established that understanding the mechanism of prostate cancer (PCa)-associated metastasis is paramount for improving its prognosis. Metastasis is known to involve the communication between tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumor cells. Exosomes are crucial in mediating this intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment. Nonetheless, the role of exosomal proteins in PCa metastasis is not yet fully understood. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of prostate cancer-derived exosomal PSM-E on regulating macrophage M2 polarization to suppress tumor invasion and metastasis.

Methods

PSM-E levels in exosomes were detected by transmission electron microscopy and Western blotting analysis. The diagnostic value of urine-derived exosomal PSM-E in PCa were evaluated by LC-MS/MS, correlation analysis, and ROC curves analysis. The mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of exosomal PSM-E on the M2 polarization of macrophages was investigated by co-IP, IHC staining, and PCa tumorigenesis model, etc.

Results

We revealed that exosomal PSM-E is upregulated in exosomes derived from the serum and urine of PCa patients. Clinically, an elevated exosomal PSM-E expression in urine is significantly correlated with an advanced pathological tumor stage and a high Gleason score. Our research also revealed that exosomal PSM-E inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis by suppressing macrophage polarization in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we provided compelling evidence that exosomal PSM-E inhibits M2 polarization of macrophages by recruiting RACK1 and suppressing the FAK and ERK signaling pathways, consequently suppressing PCa invasion and metastasis. Furthermore, we found that the protease-associated domain of PSM-E and the fourth tryptophan-aspartate repeat of RACK1 are crucial for the interaction between PSM-E and RACK1.

Conclusions

Notably, exosomes carrying PSM-E from PCa urine could potentially serve as a biomarker for PCa, and targeting exosomal PSM-E may represent a strategy for preventing tumor progression in this patient population.
Microbiologically modified bioorganic fertilizer and metal-tolerant Bacillus sp. MN54 regulate the nutrient homeostasis and boost phytoextraction efficiency of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in nickel-contaminated soil
Authors: Naveed Muhammad , Abid Iqra , Mustafa Farhat , Ahmad Hamaad Raza , Alamri Saud , Siddiqui Manzer H. , Alfagham Alanoud T. , Mustafa Adnan
Published: November 2024

Nickel (Ni) pollution in soil is a major environmental challenge to global food security necessitating its effective remediation. In this regard using plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and bioorganic fertilizers (BOF) to increase the effectiveness of Ni phytoextraction together with hyper-accumulator plants is an effective strategy. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess how BOF, alone or in combination with Bacillus sp. MN54 (herein after referred to as BS), promotes the growth and detoxifies Ni in Brassica juncea L. under both non-contaminated and Ni-contaminated soil conditions. The experimental design included both non-spiked and Ni-spiked soils (with two Ni concentrations: 50 and 100 mg kg−1), with the addition of BS and BOF at two different application rates (1% and 2%). Results showed that Ni negatively affected the growth attributes and yield of Brassica juncea but the integrated incorporation of BOF and BS significantly improved plant growth and physiological attributes. However, Ni stress increased antioxidant enzyme activities and triggered the production of reactive oxygen species in the plants. Likewise, the highest increases in Ni bioconcentration factor (19.9%, 72.83%, and 74.2%), Ni bioaccumulation concentration (30.6%, 327.4%, and 366.8%), and Ni translocation factor (22.2%, 82%, and 69%) were observed in soils supplemented with 2% BOF and BS under non-contaminated, 50 mg kg−1, and 100 mg kg−1 Ni-stressed conditions, respectively. The enhanced plant growth with BS and BOF under Ni stress suggested that both could efficiently promote Ni phytoextraction and simultaneously improve soil health in Ni-contaminated soil. This highlighted their potential as sustainable soil amendments for remediating Ni-contaminated soils, promoting resilient plant growth and supporting long-term ecosystem recovery.
Beyond here and there? A description and typology of multi-transnational extended family configurations of refugees
Authors: Kraus Elisabeth K.
Published: November 2024

The number of persons forcibly displaced across international borders increased significantly over the last decade and forced migrants’ spatial family configurations have diversified and are likely to show different patterns compared to what research has found for, e.g. labour migrants. This paper examines and disentangles the diversity of spatial family arrangements across countries of nuclear and extended family members of female and male forced migrants surveyed in Germany. Moreover, I propose a typology of refugees’ family configurations based on the whereabouts of the partner, children, parents, and siblings. The empirical analyses employ representative survey data of recent refugees from Eritrea and Syria collected in Germany in 2020. This dataset allows to account for the whereabouts of members of the nuclear as well as extended family. Descriptive statistics show the prevalence and distributions of locations of specific family members and cluster analysis is conducted to identify and propose a typology of spatial configurations of refugee families. Finally, multinomial logistic regressions are used to test associations between the obtained clusters and gender, country of origin and the financial situation, controlling for other characteristics. The findings indicate that multi-transnational family constellations beyond origin and destination countries are a common pattern among refugees, especially when considering nuclear as well as extended family members. Furthermore, different types of spatial family arrangements are related to gender and country of origin as well as family financial resources.
Fixation durations on familiar items are longer due to attenuation of exploration
Authors: Nahari Tal , Eldar Eran , Pertzov Yoni
Published: November 2024

Previous studies have shown that fixations on familiar stimuli tend to be longer than on unfamiliar stimuli, theorized to be a result of retrieval of information from memory. We hypothesize that extended fixations are due to a lesser need to explore an already familiar stimulus. Participant's gaze was tracked as they tried to encode or retrieve a familiar face displayed either alone or alongside other unfamiliar faces. Regardless of the memory task (encoding\retrieval), longer fixation durations were observed when a single familiar face was presented alone, and not when presented among unfamiliar ones. Thus, fixations were not prolonged when it was possible to explore other, unfamiliar stimuli. We conclude that prolonged fixations on familiar stimuli reflect a lesser need to explore an already familiar percept. The results underscore how memory representations influence active sensing, yielding fresh insights into efficient deployment of attention resources. We conclude that fixation durations could be used in applied memory detection tests, preferably together with other measures and when the familiar stimulus is presented alone.
The impact of cybersecurity disclosure on banks’ performance: the moderating role of corporate governance in the MENA region
Authors: Elsayed Dalia Hussein , Ismail Tariq H. , Ahmed Eman Adel
Published: November 2024

This study aims to: (1) examine the impact of cybersecurity disclosure on banks’ performance and (2) explore whether the existence of a chief risk officer (CRO), an information technology (IT) committee, and a board of directors (BOD)’ size moderates the association between cybersecurity disclosure and bank performance. The study used manual textual analysis to measure cybersecurity disclosure in a sample of listed banks in the MENA region countries based on data from 2019 to 2021. The data were collected from annual reports and financial statements of banks available at Orbis Bank Focus database. The study employed a random effect regression model to test the hypotheses and discuss the results. The findings show that banks in the MENA region are increasingly interested in disclosing cybersecurity information, where cybersecurity disclosure over the sample years is increasing from 17% in 2019 to 19.6% in 2021. In addition, the results show that cybersecurity disclosure has a positive and significant influence on bank performance. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the presence of a CRO moderates the relationship between cybersecurity disclosure and bank performance. These findings show that depending largely on a bank's CRO to handle complex and dynamic risks can have serious consequences for decision making processes connected to managing cybersecurity risk and disclosure. This paper creates a new research paradigm by focusing on the disclosure of cybersecurity information in the MENA banking sector, where exploring the moderating role of the CRO, IT committee, and board size in enhancing the cybersecurity disclosure-bank performance relationship is lacking. The findings provide practical implications for various stakeholders, where it reveals the current practices of cybersecurity disclosure of banks in the MENA region with the objective of minimizing information asymmetry, maintaining public trust, and identifying potential risks of financial distress. In addition, the results direct the attention of banks and regulators toward the role of CRO in risk governance, particularly in managing cyber risks within the banking industry.
Evaluation of the Stronger Together Peer Mentoring Model Among Patients With Breast and Gynecologic Cancer in Viet Nam
Authors: Le PhuongThao D. , Taylor Carolyn , Do Mai T. , Monahan Rachel , Lee Sang , Sigireddi Meenakshi , Wang Cong , Cabanes Anna , Ginsburg Ophira , Tran Thanh Huong T.
Published: November 2024

PURPOSE

Stronger Together is a peer mentoring model that seeks to address the severe lack of mental health and psychosocial support for patients with cancer in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This article presents the results of the Stronger Together pilot study among patients with breast and gynecologic cancer in Viet Nam (VN).

METHODS

Eligible participants comprised women age 25 years or older with a diagnosis of breast or gynecologic cancers and receiving treatment at four participating hospitals. Participants were asked whether they wanted to proceed with usual care or be matched with a trained and supervised peer mentor (a cancer survivor). Surveys were administered at baseline (0) and 2, 4, and 6 months and assessed depression, anxiety, stress, mental health and physical health components of quality of life (QOL), self-efficacy, and social support. We computed and compared 2-, 4-, and 6-month changes in scores from baseline and conducted difference-in-difference analyses to estimate the intervention effect at 6 months.

RESULTS

The sample size included N = 186 participants. Mentees (n = 91) exhibited improvements in depression, anxiety, stress, and mental health QOL across all time points, whereas usual care participants (n = 95) experienced these improvements at later periods (4 and 6 months). Compared with usual care participants, mentees reported greater improvements in depression at 2 and 4 months, mental health QOL at all time points, and self-efficacy and social support at 4 and 6 months. Greater improvements in stress were also seen in the breast cancer subsample.

CONCLUSION

Stronger Together is a promising model to improve mental health and psychosocial outcomes among patients with breast and gynecologic cancer in VN and can help fill gaps in cancer peer support interventions in many LMICs.
Association of BRAF V600E Allele Frequency With Clinicopathologic Outcomes in Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Schumm Max A , Nikiforov Yuri E , Nikiforova Marina N , Wald Abigail I , Tseng Chi-Hong , Smooke-Praw Stephanie , Wu James X , Yeh Michael W , Livhits Masha J
Published: November 2024

Context

BRAF V600E mutation is the most common genetic driver of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), where it is found with various allele frequency (AF), reflecting the proportion of cells carrying the mutant and wild-type gene alleles.

Objective

To determine whether BRAF V600E AF can improve prognostication and inform initial surgical management of PTC.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study (2016-2019) at UCLA Health included consecutive patients with Bethesda V/VI nodules and isolated BRAF V600E mutation who underwent surgery with histopathology showing PTC. Blinded ThyroSeq v3 molecular analysis was conducted after completion of initial management and follow-up. The risk of aggressive histopathology and cancer persistence/recurrence were assessed.

Results

Of 73 patients, the median BRAF V600E AF was 25.5% (IQR, 16.7%-34.3%). Higher median AF was seen in patients classified as American Thyroid Association high-risk (37%) vs intermediate-risk (25.3%, P < .01) and low-risk (24.7%, P < .01), largely attributed to higher AF in patients with gross extrathyroidal extension (ETE) (40.1% vs 25.2% without gross ETE, P = .02). No differences in AF were observed on the basis of lymph node positivity or presence of aggressive variants of PTC. A higher BRAF V600E AF was also found in patients with tumors ≥ 2 cm vs < 2 cm (median 32.0% vs 24.4%, P < .01). Over 4.1 years of follow-up, disease persistence/recurrence was found in 7 patients (9.4%) and was associated with higher median AF than those without recurrence (35.3% vs 25.2%, P = .02). Higher AF was associated with poorer recurrence-free survival (AF ≥ 35%; HR 7.40; CI, 1.4-38.1).

Conclusion

Higher AF was associated with gross ETE and increased recurrence risk. This may inform initial management in patients with PTC harboring an isolated BRAF V600E mutation.
Sex Differences in Glycemia and Self-management Strategies for Exercise in an Active Adult Cohort With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Yardley Jane E , Li Zoey , Zaharieva Dessi P , Riddell Michael C , Gal Robin L , Calhoun Peter
Published: November 2024

Objective

To examine potential differences in glucose levels during and after exercise between sexes in adults with type 1 diabetes.

Methods

The Type 1 Diabetes Exercise Initiative study was a prospective, 4-week free-living observational study in adults with type 1 diabetes. Ninety-one females were matched on age and insulin modality to 91 males. Participants completed exercise study videos and personal exercise sessions. Study-collected food, insulin, exercise, and glucose data surrounding exercise and on sedentary days were compared between sexes to examine how they impact glucose levels during and after exercise.

Results

Female participants had higher glucose levels than male participants when starting study exercise (8.5 ± 2.8 vs 8.0 ± 2.8 mmol/L, P = .01) and when starting personal exercise activities (8.4 ± 2.9 vs 7.8 ± 2.7 mmol/L; P = .05). Glucose declines during study exercise were comparable between female and male participants (adjusted mean: −0.8 vs −1.0 mmol/L, respectively; P = .11), but smaller in female participants during personal exercise (adjusted mean: −0.9 vs −1.4 mmol/L; P < .001). Twenty-four-hour mean glucose levels were also higher in female participants on sedentary days (P = .04). Daily macronutrient consumption was similar between sexes after adjusting for weight, as were food, exercise, and insulin habits surrounding exercise.

Conclusion

Female participants had higher preexercise glucose levels compared to male participants and smaller glucose declines during personal exercise, but there were no observable differences in food, exercise, and insulin habits.