bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SSR and SNP genetic profiling of Armenian grape cultivars gives insights into their identity and pedigree relationships
Authors: Nebish Anna , Tello Javier , Ferradás Yolanda , Aroutiounian Rouben , Martínez-Zapater José Miguel , Ibáñez Javier
Published: November 2021

The South Caucasus is recognised as the primary Vitis vinifera L. (grapevine) domestication centre and has a high diversity of wild and cultivated grapevines. Archaeological findings indicate that winemaking activities have existed in Armenia for more than 6,000 years, viticulture being one of the most important activities of the modern Armenian agricultural sector. Despite this relevance, some grapevines in local collections have not yet been properly identified, thus hindering the efficient conservation, characterisation and eventual use of autochthonous genetic resources. In the present study, a combined SNP and SSR profiling strategy was used for the genetic identification of a series of grapevine accessions from the Grape Collection of the International Academy of Viticulture and Winemaking in Nalbandyan, presumed to be autochthonous Armenian varieties. The results provided useful information for the correct identification of these genetic resources, revealing multiple cases of synonyms, homonyms and misnames. The genetic data made it possible to confirm the pedigree proposed for some of the cultivars identified in this study and to clarify the origin of others. In addition, we propose, for the first time, a series of new trios and duos involving autochthonous Armenian grapevines. The singularity of this genetic pool compared to other Western and Central European varieties, as well as the potential novel sources of variability in traits of interest (e.g., seedlessness) that were found, highlight the importance of improving knowledge of the Armenian grapevine genetic pool.
The effect of rice types on chao properties during fermentation
Authors: Azkiyah Meysi , Laga Amran , Mahendradatta Meta , Shimomura Riku
Published: November 2021

Chao is a typical Indonesian dish from Pangkep Regency that is relatively unknown to the general public. Chao is made from fermented fish, which is subsequently fermented with rice. Chao has the properties of pasta-like, light-brown color, unique flavor, slightly acidic and salty taste. Pangkep communities typically use chao as a seasoning, condiment ingredient, or as a side dish. Due to the product's attractive features, which resemble stale food, make it less appealing to consumers. It necessitates innovation and processing technologies in order to improve the quality of Chao products. This research this study aimed to find out the effect of rice variations including white rice, red rice and black rice on the characteristics of Shrimp Chao during fermentation. The testing parameters in this study were total Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), total lactic acid, pH, and organoleptic. The highest LAB growth was found in the red rice that is 7.67 log cfu/g with the lowest pH value of 6.02 and the highest lactic acid content (1.8%). The best organoleptic test results own by white rice-based shrimp chao with preference average score of 3.85 and red rice 3.78 which imply “like” in organoleptic scale scoring.
The effect of food additive on physicochemical characteristics of seaweed stick snack and consumer acceptance
Authors: Sumartini  , Gurusmatika Sellen , Amira Wan
Published: November 2021

Seaweed is considered high class marine and fisheries sector in international demand for its derivative products. One of traditional use of seaweed as food is stick snack which is widely consumed due to its crunchiness and deliciousness. The objective of this study was to characterize the proximate analysis, hardness, and sensory perception of stick snack derived from seaweed. Seaweed stick were prepared with varying food additives such as  sodium acid phyorposphate (SAPP), steaoryl lactylate (SSL), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), and control (without addition of food additives). The results confirmed that the use of food additives induce change in proximate, hardness, and sensory perception. Seaweed stick with addition NaHCO3 has the highest fat content while seaweed stick with addition of SAPP has  the highest crispness. In addition, sensory test showed that seaweed stick with addition with NaHCO3 provide the highest acceptance in texture and flavour.
KANDUNGAN GIZI DAN DAYA TERIMA ROTI STREUSSEL KACANG GUDE (Cajanus Cajan) YANG KAYA KALIUM UNTUK PENDERITA HIPERTENSI
Authors: Fitriana Isna Nur , Ratnaningsih Nani , Lastariwati Badraningsih
Published: November 2021

Gude beans (Cajanus cajan) (L.) Millsp) or also called pigeon peas are a type of black legume that can be found in India, Asia and Africa. Pigeon peas are a source of protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals, including potassium, but the utilization of pigeon peas for food, especially in the bakery, is still limited. This study aimed to determine the nutritional content of pigeon pea streussel bread through laboratory tests (proximate test and potassium content test) and public acceptance through panelists' preference test. This study used a R&D (Research and Development) with a 4D model (Define, Design, Development and Disseminate). Public acceptance  was conducted by 100 general public using a preference test form. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and paired sample t-test. The preference test of  gude streussel bread showed 4.09 (preferred). Nutritional content of pigeon pea streussel bread per 100 grams consisted of 51.3 grams of carbohydrates, 7.64 grams of protein, 10.36 grams of fat, 310.53 kcal of energy, and 188.79 mg of potassium. This research show that pigeon pea streussel bread can be consumed as a healthy bread for people with hypertension.
MODIFIKASI PATI HANJELI (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) BERPORI MELALUI ULTRASONIKASI DAN OZONASI
Authors: Subroto Edy , Indiarto Rossi , Wulandari Endah , Astari Astri Puji
Published: November 2021

Adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) is a potential source of starch but has not been utilized optimally. Native adlay starch has several weaknesses such as functional properties of low swelling volume and solubility, prone to retrogradation, and low stability. Physical modification of ultrasonication and chemical modification by oxidation using ozone can be an alternative to improve the functional properties of adlay starch through the formation of porous starch. The aim of this research was to produce porous adlay starch by ultrasonication and ozonation. The study consisted of several different treatments on hanjeli starch (ozonation starch, ultrasonication of 15 minutes, ultrasonication of 30 minutes, combined ultrasonication of 15 minutes and 30 minutes with ozonation). The results showed the appearance of pores on the surface of the granules of modified adlay starch with the best results being modified combination of ultrasonication 30 minutes and ozonation, which resulted in a decrease in swelling volume from 18.13 ± 3.98 mL/g to 15.71 ± 0.35 mL/g, an increase in solubility from 6.76 ± 0.62% to 9.59 ± 0.44%, and a decrease in water absorption capacity from 1.25 ± 0.02 g/g to 1.13 ± 0.02 g/ g. Modification of adlay starch by ultrasonication, ozonation, and their combination effectively produced porous starch granules, but did not cause the formation of new functional groups in starch.
Pengaruh Subtitusi Tepung Terigu Dengan Tepung Biji Alpukat (Persea Americana Mill) Terhadap Tingkat Kesukaan Cookies
Authors: Violita Lady , Rasita Purba  , Marini Damanik  , Juliarti  , Esi Emilia
Published: November 2021

Cookies are one of the food products that are popular with the public. The raw material for making cookies is wheat flour, which is still imported from abroad and year by year the number of imports from abroad continues to increase. Utilization of avocado seed flour will reduce the use of wheat flour and can also reduce waste from avocados. The main factor in fulfilling the quality of a product can be assessed based on the appearance of the product, the taste of the product, and the nutritional value of a product. This study aims to analysed the level of preference (taste, aroma, texture, and colour) of cookies through organoleptic tests. The design of this study used an experimental study using the RAL (Completely Randomized Design) method with two replications. Avocado seed flour substitution formulation in 4 treatments, namely control (P1), 30% (P2), 50% (P3) and 70% (P4). The research location is at the State University of Medan. The subjects (untrained panellists) of this study were 25 people. The data from the organoleptic test were analysed descriptively using the percentage of respondents' acceptance from each treatment level and to determine the effect of avocado seed flour substitution on the treatment, Kruskal Wallis statistical analysis was used. The results of this study indicate that the best formula for cookies with 50 percent substitution of avocado seed flour obtained an average value of 1.2 for taste, 0.3 for colour, 0.6 for texture, and for aroma 0.3 with a total value of 2, 4. Based on the results of the Kruskal Wallis test, it is known that there is a significant difference in perception seen from the level of preference for colour, aroma, taste, and texture of avocado seed flour cookies (p = 0.000).
Students’ Digital Media Usage at the University of Tübingen During the CoViD19 Semester 2020 Compared to 2018
Authors: Brahm Taiga , Pumptow Marina
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study was to compare students’ digital media use during the so-called corona semester in summer of 2020 when universities worldwide moved to online teaching and learning, with data from 2018. Two research questions were at the center of our study: To what extent did students’ media use during the digital summer semester 2020 differ from media use in 2018? In which ways is media use in 2020 related to individual factors (e.g., emotional states, social integration, self-efficacy)? In 2020, 207 students at the University of Tübingen participated in an online survey on their digital media use. This data was compared with an existing data set from the same university from 2018 (N = 808 students). Results show a significant increase in students’ media use across all categories, in particular Learning Management System, online exercises, learning videos, and video conferencing. We also found a significant relation of students’ usage of online tools for learning with their feeling of social integration, as well as connections between students’ digital media self-efficacy and their learning-relevant emotions. The article discusses these results in the light of other studies on students’ media uses and provides first practical implications for lecturers.
Does economic policy in Nigeria enhance sustainable water and sanitation facilities?
Authors: Ugwu Paschaline Nkeiruka , Obodoechi Divine Ndubuisi , Chukwuagoziem Samuel Agu , Davidmac Olisa Ekeocha
Published: November 2021

Over the years, economic policy in Nigeria has been a subject of concern for policymakers. The effectiveness of this policy in providing basic necessities for Nigerians has also been in question. There have been several controversies in terms of its implementation and sustainability over the years. In this paper, we investigate the impact of economic policies on providing sustainable water and sanitation facilities in Nigeria. In our analysis, the binary logistic model is adopted to understand how effective these policies are in providing these facilities. The results show that expenditure on social and community service leads to an increase in the use of unsafe sanitation facilities in the country. Furthermore, our study also shows that expenditure in the health services sector helps in reducing the use of such unsafe facilities. From the results, we recommend that policies aimed toward providing sustainable water and sanitation facilities need proper checks, improvement, and effective implementation so as to achieve viable results. These can be done by implementing supervised community projects on sanitation facilities and also by educating local communities through organized symposiums and workshops in rural and certain urban areas in the country.
Rural homestays reviving culture and traditions
Authors: Singh Ritika , Sajnani Manohar , Gupta Pawan
Published: November 2021

In contemporary world, travellers are more inclined towards seeking peace and tranquility from vacation destination rather than mere travel. Travelllers indulge in travel experience that enables them to connect with locals, gets genuine insight into their culture and traditional lifestyles. Rural homestays are one such means to cater the needs of such tourists in all-inclusive. The purpose of the study is to evaluate variation between the factors affecting satisfaction and expectation of the homestay’s guests. The study is conducted in the Shimla district of Himachal Pradesh, India. The data is collected by close ended questionnaire method, in face-to-face interaction with 200 tourists staying in 20 rural homestays. The study is intended to evaluate various attributes of the rural homestay accommodation that leads to satisfaction/dissatisfaction among guests staying in the homestay and also to make homestay owners understand the needs and requirements of guests to improve upon the service provided. The study also analyses the relationship between guests’ socio-economic profile and their satisfaction. The result of the research supports the suggestions for the homestay owners and public administrators that further boost the level of satisfaction of the guests and contributes in extensive rural as well as cultural tourism development.
Stage costume and problems of theatrical symbolism in Ukraine
Authors: Nesen Iryna
Published: November 2021

Theater as a form of cognition of the phenomenon of man and society is of interest to researchers in various fields. This is a consequence of the syncretism of all the elements that shape the art of theater. An important place in the art of theater is a costume, according to modern theater critic Patrice Pavi, as one of the main elements of the organization of stage space, which directly affects the integrity of the scenery and its integration with the actor's body. They open the image of each character: by determining the age, sex, character, profession, emphasize individuality or typify the person. The costume is a sign of a person and at the same time a means that allows reincarnation into another person. With the help of staging, the principle of the inner composition of the play is determined: the interaction of the costumes with each other in terms of cut, shape, color, material and place in the overall scenography of the design. The problems of costume in the system of Ukrainian theater remain little studied, in contrast to folk costumes or the history of fashion.
Consumer Insights of COVID-19 Vaccines from Four Cities with Higher Percentages of African Americans to Inform Local Health Campaigns: Topic, Sentiment, and Textual Analyses (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Ye , Willis Erin , Yeruva Vijaya Kumari , Lee Yugyung
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

COVID-19 vaccination rates have waned across the country since the rollout in early 2021, especially among African American neighborhoods. Vaccine hesitancy is a recurring theme challenging the world’s public health. Yet, months after efforts to vaccinate the world’s population, we still do not have a good understanding of consumer insights about those who choose to be vaccinated and those who refuse. This also suggests that many vaccination campaigns are running on assumptions, not evidence-informed by consumer insights.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study is to understand consumer insight of COVID-19 vaccines in Kansas City, a city with higher percentages of African Americans, to contextualize the insight and further compare data from Kansas City with insights from three other similar-sized towns (Long Beach, California; Omaha, Nebraska; Raleigh, North Carolina) that also have higher percentages of people of color.

METHODS

The researchers collected and analyzed 180,128 tweets from four cities. Triangulated methods were used to look at the breadth and depth of data to provide validity to the findings. In addition, health communication experts, informed by machine learning/deep learning topic and emotion models, conducted a textual analysis of the tweets. The strength of this study is the compilation of methods and the ways in which the data was analyzed and visualized.

RESULTS

Four major themes about COVID were discovered from the mass of tweets: “COVID Vaccines,” “Politics,” “Mitigation Measures,” and “Community/Local Issues.” The tweets per topic and emotion category were visualized to show regional differences and longitudinal changes. Critical moments of emotional changes were detected. Textual analysis based upon data partitioned by the models identified national and local themes. Insights into strategies of appealing to residents are discussed.

CONCLUSIONS

This project’s data reveal wavering relationships of trust among residents and the government and its entities. While long-term initiatives should be used to rebuild and strengthen relationships among residents in cities with higher percentages of people of color, additional attention should be given to the health messaging directed at this audience. Practical implications are offered to inform local vaccination campaigns.
Identificación y Actividad Antioxidante de los Compuestos Fenólicos de Jatropha cardiophylla (Torr.) Müll. Arg.
Authors: Leon-Bejarano Marcos , Ovando-Martínez Maribel , Molina-Domínguez Claudia Celeste , Trasviña-Mendoza Rosario Alejandro , Medina-Juárez Luis Ángel
Published: November 2021

México se considera uno de los países con mayor abundancia y diversidad de especies de Jatropha. Jatropha cardiophylla es una planta endémica de las zonas áridas del noroeste de México, con capacidad de adaptación a altas temperaturas y baja humedad. Hasta el momento no existen reportes sobre la identificación de los compuestos fenólicos y su actividad antioxidante en la parte aérea (hojas-tallos) de esta planta. Por este motivo, el objetivo del estudio fue identificar los compuestos fenólicos presentes en el extracto etanólico de la parte aérea (tallo-hoja) de J. cardiophylla y evaluar su actividad antioxidante. Los resultados mostraron la identificación de ácidos fenólicos, gálico, protocatecuico y cafeico; además de los flavonoides como la epicatequina. Por otro lado, el extracto etanólico de esta especie de Jatropha mostró valores de actividad antioxidante de 296.26 ± 1.73, 416.63 ± 3.53 y 456.71 ± 2.67 micromoles de equivalentes trolox por gramo de extracto (µmolET/g) por los métodos de inhibición del radical DPPH, poder antioxidante reductor del hierro (FRAP) e inhibición del radical ABTS, respectivamente. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, se establece el potencial de la parte aérea de J. cardiophylla como fuente de compuestos fenólicos con actividad antioxidante.
Iconella guatimalensis (Ehrenberg) Ruck & Nakov (Bacillariophyta) como especie indicadora de condiciones de nivel lacustre bajo en tres registros sedimentarios lacustres del centro de México
Authors: Ramírez-Nava Maripili , Caballero Margarita , Vázquez Mercedes
Published: November 2021

Iconella guatimalensis es una diatomea dulceacuícola y de gran tamaño, inicialmente descrita a partir de un material proveniente de Guatemala y reportada en diversas localidades del Neotrópico. En México, sin embargo, únicamente ha sido confirmada en dos localidades modernas. En este trabajo verificamos la presencia de esta especie con baja abundancia (<10%) en los registros sedimentarios del Holoceno de los lagos Santa María del Oro (SMO) y Coatetelco (COA). Se presenta una descripción morfológica basada en la observación de varios ejemplares en microscopía de luz y electrónica de barrido. La distribución de esta especie en los dos lagos coincide con ventanas de tiempo que se han identificado como de ambientes de aguas más someras y climas secos (Sequía del Clásico Tardío, 600-1000 d.C. y de la Pequeña Edad de Hielo, 1315-1860 d.C.). La distribución de I. guatimalensis en una de las secuencias estratigráficas de lago SMO coincide con incrementos en la abundancia de otras especies de diatomeas de habito bentónico, lo que corrobora que se trata de periodos con un nivel lacustre bajo. Los lapsos de tiempo en los que esta especie muestra su máxima abundancia en los dos registros combinados fueron: 3100-2300 a.C. (5050-4260 A.P.); 1040-580 a.C. (3000-2530 A.P.); 50-900 d.C. (1900-1050 A.P.); y 1315-1860 d.C. (635-90 A.P.).
pecado de la revolución”
Authors: Escrig Rosa Josep
Published: November 2021

Este trabajo busca arrojar una mirada poco común sobre los procesos de las independencias hispanoamericanas desde el discurso de la reacción antiliberal. Se centra en el caso de Nueva España/México a comienzos de la década de 1820 en el contexto de una dinámica espacial y cronológica que remite a las realidades políticas de la monarquía católica. Para ello se analizan dos documentos escasamente conocidos de fray Mariano López Bravo y Pimentel, en los que explica y justifica las motivaciones independentistas con argumentos contrarrevolucionarios, los cuales trató de hacer llegar al rey Fernando VII y a los españoles.
sabor de la guerra y el hambre
Authors: Sánchez Rodríguez Susy
Published: November 2021

Los peruanos celebran el año 1821 por la proclamación de la independencia del Perú, pero no recuerdan que este evento fue consecuencia de un sitio militar de diez meses, impuesto por el Ejército Libertador dirigido por el general José de San Martín. El presente artículo describe ese acontecimiento a través del análisis de cartas, memorias, impresos y actas del cabildo, mostrando el uso del hambre como estrategia militar, así como la experiencia sensorial y emocional que sufrió la población sitiada. Se concluye que Lima experimentó una transición traumática del virreinato a la república sin haberse producido batallas sangrientas entre los ejércitos realista y patriota.
Sobre Scarlett O’Phelan y Ana Carolina Ibarra, comps., Territorialidad y poder regional de las intendencias en las independencias de México y Perú
Authors: Escrig Rosa Josep
Published: November 2021

Reseña sobre Scarlett O’Phelan y Ana Carolina Ibarra, comps. Territorialidad y poder regional de las intendencias en las independencias de México y Perú. Lima: Fondo Editorial del Congreso del Perú, 2019.
Study Using Different Fibres in Fibre Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Gupta Tushant
Published: November 2021

Abstract: The most widely used man-made materials in the construction industry are concrete. It is a combination of cemeteries, water, compounds and various types of admixtures to a certain extent. New concrete has plastic properties, which means that before casting it it behaves like plastic but over time, it becomes harder as rock. These hardening structures occur due to the chemical reaction between water and cement, it hardens over a long period of time. From the last century onward, the strength of the RCC structures was largely based on the round steel bars, which were readily available in the market. Over time, these items have also changed in appearance, structure, and power. For example, Pozzolana cement is used in place of conventional cement and TMT bars are applied in place of stainless steel. Energy testing methods are based on Indian standards. Test equipment provides complete results after examination of cubes, cylinders and beams, which are inserted and stored in water for treatment for 28 days continuously. Concrete structures, either in the 1970s or later made of high-strength steel-reinforced steel, have replaced concrete structures and structures with various additives in cement and admixtures with their acceleration or deceleration capacity. Now, instead of steel bars, steel fibers, polypropylene, natural polymers etc. are used. The reasons for the demands are many, but as a building engineer, we have to think hard and architecture by using building materials. In anticipation of long-term sustainability, we need to be able to meet needs.
Comparative Parametric Analysis of Opening Area Usage of Shear Wall in Different Percentages Relating to Wall Area Used for Multistorey Building
Authors: Singh Krishna Pal
Published: November 2021

Abstract: It is highly recommend that the structure should be efficient in terms of the cost in diverse manner. To reduce the overall cost of the project, the cost cutting should be done in every construction stages. The dual systems in building structure consist of structural walls and moment resisting frames. The structural wall members are made up of RCC, which is a costly structural member. The purpose of current study is to explore the reduction in shear wall area in multi-storey building for reduction of overall project cost. Total 5 buildings abbreviated as SOA, SOB, SOC, SOD and SOE framed in analytical software supposed to be situated at Seismic Zone III. After the comparative result analysis, it proves that, the reduction in shear wall area should be adapted to a certain limit due to load transfer criteria of the members 20 % wall deduction is sufficient. Building SOD with 80% coverage performs best of all. Keywords: Deduction Area, Earthquake Effects, Opening Area, Shear Wall, Response spectrum, Wall Area Reduction, Wall Deduction Ratio.
Dynamic response of the building construction system with a finite degree of freedom under a special action
Authors: Kolchunov Vitaliy I. , Tuyen Vu Ngoc , Nizhegorodov Dmitriy I.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. In the normative documents of a number of countries on the standardization of the protection of buildings and structures from progressive collapse, for the calculation analysis under special impact, such a concept as a “zone of possible local destruction” of a structural system is used, outlined by a fragment of the building frame in places of hypothetically removed structural elements. The purpose of identifying such most stressed zones in the form of substructures is engineering visibility of the consequences of an emergency impact with an assessment of the stress-strain state of elements falling into such a zone. In this regard, in the work under consideration, a variant of modeling the dynamic additional loading of the reinforced concrete frame of a multi-storey building caused by its structural restructuring is proposed, which makes it possible to determine the parameters of the dynamic response of the substructure in the form of a two-span continuous beam with a finite number of degrees of freedom and to model in more detail the zone of possible local destruction of the elements of the building frame at the sudden removal of one of the structural structures in this area.

Materials and methods. The zone of possible local destruction of the building frame is modeled by a fragment of the structural system adjacent to this zone. The process of removing a column was simulated by applying a load P(t) in the opposite direction, equal to the force in the removed column, calculated when calculating the entire frame of the building. To solve the system of equations of motion of the substructure, we use the method of expansion in terms of natural vibration modes, which is well known in the dynamics of structures.

Results. The results of theoretical studies of the dynamic effect of a reinforced concrete structural system of a building with a finite number of degrees of freedom during its sudden restructuring caused by a special emergency impact in the form of a hypothetical removal of one of the load-bearing structures are presented.

Conclusions. The equations of motion of a substructure in the form of a two-span continuous beam with a finite number of degrees of freedom constructed on the basis of the theory of the dynamics of structures can be used to analyze the special limiting state of reinforced concrete elements of structural systems of frames of buildings and structures.
Increasing the performances of low permeable cement composites
Authors: Lesovik Valery S. , Fediuk Roman S.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. The purpose of the article is to expand the range of compositions for special structures, which will allow them to be operated in extreme conditions. To achieve this goal, a number of tasks have been solved containing ways to improve the efficiency of composites, incl. low-permeability ones.

Materials and methods. The research methodology includes a system of transdisciplinary approaches that evaluate the composite as a complex system, taking into account the provisions of geomimetics, such as the law of similarity, the law of affinity of structures, technogenic metasomatism, and micromechanics of composite media.

Results. A wide range of cement concretes has been created for unique objects: low-permeability (for protective objects, reservoirs and hydraulic structures). The developed composites have the following performance characteristics (the results for the control sample are given in parentheses): water absorption by weight — 2.5 % (6.1 %), waterproof grade — W14 (W10), air permeability — 0.0253 cm3/s (0.0565 cm3/s), vapor permeability — 0.0021 mg/(m-h-Pa) (0.0030 mg/(m-h-Pa)), effective diffusion coefficient — 1.34 · 10–4 cm2/s (1.56 · 10–4 cm2/s).

Conclusions. The similarity in the work of the components of different composite binders, incl. During the two-stage hydration of clinker minerals, in particular, in the first phase, the formation of low-density compounds of different phases occurs, and in the second phase, the binding of calcium hydroxide to low-basic crystalline hydrates occurs. The increase in the activity of the composite binder is due to the synergistic effect of a number of reasons: amorphous silica-containing components bind Ca(OH)2, released during the hydration of clinker minerals, in the second generation CSH(I); limestone particles clog the pores, compacting the structure; and fly ash microspheres are centers of crystallization of new growths.
Thermal modes simulation of cooling panels in waste water pumping stations
Authors: Prohorov Vitaly I. , Razakov Muhammet A.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Authors considers a new method of cooling some functional areas in a city sewage pumping station. They have used the works of Isachenko V.A., Osipov V.A., Sukomel A.S., Bogoslovsky V.N. to simulate the PLI panel’s stationary thermal regime.

Materials and methods. Authors have considered the mathematical modeling of stationary and non-stationary thermal phenomena in the PLI panel in this paper. There are the possibilities of modeling the thermal modes of the panel PLI which depending on the place of installation of this device. Authors have given the theoretical characteristics of the heated air in this device and some results of survey in a high voltage urban waste water pumping station in Moscow. There are the heat inputs and heat losses calculations of PLI panel’s various structural elements which carried out using the theory of similarity in this article. Researchers considered the possibility of use other empirical results to determine some of the coefficients which involved in modeling. It has been presented different heat transfer coefficients which could be used in thermal conditions model of PLI panel. There are the validation of the developed models which proved by comparing the deviations in the heat balance equation of the PLI panel.

Results. Authors has developed a physical and mathematical model of PLI panel’s thermal modes for a sewage pimping station. Authors have given the recommendations on the possibility of using the different heat transfer coefficients in PLI panel’s thermal conditions modeling process. A numerical experiment was carried out to simulate one PLI panel under the conditions of a sewage pumping station by researchers in this paper.

Conclusions. According to the information, this physical and mathematical model can be used for engineering calculation when engineer is selecting the characteristics of PLI panel and also it could be used to clarifying the distributions of heat flow from PLI panel.
Economic and mathematical model of selecting a gas supply system based on biomethane and natural gas
Authors: Suslov Denis Yu.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. A promising direction in the development of gas supply systems, which is widely used in the developed countries of the world, is the use of an alternative energy source — biomethane. The effective use of biomethane requires the development of scientific provisions and recommendations for the use of biomethane gas supply systems, taking into account technical and economic factors. Therefore, it is urgent to develop an economic and mathematical model for choosing a gasification method and determining the area of rational use of gas supply systems with biomethane.

Materials and methods. To develop an economic and mathematical model for choosing a method for gasification of settlements, methods of mathematical modeling and parametric optimization were used. The implementation of the economic and mathematical model was carried out in the Mathcad software package. Mathematical and graphic processing of the results obtained was carried out.

Results. An economic and mathematical model was developed for determining the rational area of application of biome­thane for gas supply to settlements. The model is based on the technical and economic calculation of the reduced costs for gas supply systems with network natural gas and biomethane. Using the developed model, the technical parameters of the biomethane gas supply system were determined: the critical length of the gas pipeline branch, the radius of the biomethane plant, the biomethane consumption, the length of the gas pipeline for the biomethane supply, and the reduced costs to the gas supply system. A graph of the dependence of the critical length of the gas pipeline branch on the population size has been obtained, which makes it possible to determine the area of rational use of biomethane for gas supply to settlements. It was found that for a rural settlement with a population of 5,000 people, the critical length of the gas pipeline branch is 24.820–28.044 km, for an urban-type settlement with a population of 15,000 people, the length of the gas pipeline branch is 50.923–64.677 km, and for a city with a population of 30,000 people — 89.617–127.279 km.

Conclusions. The results obtained can be used for the development and design of gas supply systems based on biomethane for the gasification of settlements remote from the main gas pipelines. The use of biomethane makes it possible to gasify settlements in developed agricultural regions and to increase the efficiency of the gas transportation system of the Russian Federation.
Dostoevsky and Scholastic Theology: Points of Intersection
Authors: Kovalevskaya Tatyana V.
Published: November 2021

The article considers the reflections of scholastic theology in Fyodor Dostoevsky’s works; their range spans Dostoevsky’s works from Notes from Underground where the Underground man alludes to the second proof of the existence of God to The Devils where Stepan Verkhovensky transforms Thomas Aquinas’s concept of creation in his view of the relationship between man and God. Similar verbal and structural references are also present in The Brothers Karamazov where Book Five is titled “Pro and contra.” The links with Summa Theologiae also paradoxically connect the Underground man’s ideology with that of these alleged opponents, the rationalists, by drawing parallels between St. Thomas’s arguments and Auguste Comte’s The Catechism of the Positive Religion. References to Thomas Aquinas’s theology were picked up by Dostoevsky’s contemporaries and they are intended to guide the readers in the philosophical and religious world of the writer and his characters.
Fyodor Dostoevsky’s The Adolescent in German-Speaking Countries
Authors: Kudryavtseva Tamara V.
Published: November 2021

The article analyzes the reception of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s The Adolescent in German-speaking countries, covering the period from the first translations of the novel into German and the first reactions by writers, critics, and researchers to the present day. The material here analyzed (reviews, essays, prefaces to publications, and numerous reprints of The Adolescent throughout the 20th century, scientific articles, monographs) indicates a quite stable interest in this novel by German intellectuals. The available material shows that the recipients were somehow interested in all aspects of the novel, from its themes and main problems to the peculiarities of its poetics. The analysis and the evaluation of the novel are usually carried out in direct connection with the writer’s life, his worldview, religious and aesthetic beliefs, and consider the cultural context of his era. The article shows how the novel was differently received at different times, as well as the connections with ideological and individual peculiarities, due to the specific task that the recipient set himself. The common denominator can be found in the recognition of The Adolescent as one of the most famous novels of Dostoevsky (as it is always considered as one of the “five great novels”, or “Pentateuch”); however, it is also true that The Adolescent presents less value and popularity than Dostoevsky’s other novels, as it is proved by the smaller quantity of research about it. Nevertheless, The Adolescent receives well-deserved recognition to this day not only as a relevant work of the famous Russian author but also for the experimental, modernist nature of its artistic structure, thereby consolidating the canonical significance of the novel in the European literary process of the 21st century.
Memorial of Robert Bird
Authors: Ghidini Maria Candida
Published: November 2021

The paper contains memories of Robert Bird (1969–2020), distinguished scholar and Professor of Slavic Languages and Literatures at the University of Chicago.
The Resistance of Memory in Stavorgin’s “Confession”
Authors: Dimitriev Viktor M.
Published: November 2021

The article investigates the resistance of memory as a typical narration technique in Dostoevsky’s works, especially in confessional texts. The attention is focused on a fragment of the unpublished chapter “At Tikhon’s” from an unrealized version of the novel The Possessed: Stavrogin bought a photograph of “one girl”, which he perceives as a photograph of Matryosha herself. The article attempts to explain how Stavrogin organizes memories in his “confession” and why the cases of memory aberrations become both the constructive elements of the genre of literary confession and an original “tool” for the protagonist’s self-knowledge. The illustrative memory aberration is considered here in connection with the problems of narration, the psychology of the protagonist, and the visual forms of representation.
“Embroidery on Someone Else’s Canvas”: Dostoevsky as Co-Author of the “Answer to a Protest”
Authors: Otlivanchik Alexander V.
Published: November 2021

The article is dedicated to the question on the authorship of the “Answer to a Protest” which is adjacent to the cycle of essays by V.P. Meshchersky “Letters of a Freethinker” in the weekly journal “Grazhdanin” (“The Citizen”). The attributions of the “Answer to a Protest” undertaken by V.A. Viktorovich (Dostoevsky’s authorship hypothesis) and B.V. Fedorenko (Meshchersky’s authorship hypothesis) are compared and critically examined. The documentary sources for the attribution of the article are analyzed: the fee list of the journal “Grazhdanin”, Meshchersky’s letter to Dostoevsky dated August 19, 1873, Dostoevsky’s testimony in the published note to the “Answer to a Protest”, etc. In the text of the “Answer to a Protest” lexical units and syntactic constructions are typical for both Meshchersky’s and Dostoevsky’s publications, and equally inherent in the texts of both possible authors. The analysis of the content and style of the article (with the involvement of documentary sources) allows us to consider it as the result of a co-authorship between Dostoevsky and Meshchersky, arising from edits and additions made by the editor of the journal “Grazhdanin” on the original author’s manuscript.
The Father’s Curse in Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Novel The Humiliated and the Insulted
Authors: Shervarly Daria G.
Published: November 2021

One of the significant themes of the novel The Humiliated and the Insulted is the father’s curse, marked throughout the text by a high degree of emotionality. The novel describes two similar stories: the one of Nelly’s mother and Natasha’s. Both escaped from home, both were cursed by their fathers. However, there are also differences: while one father forgave, the other not. In the article, the theme of the father’s curse is revealed by comparing these two stories with the famous parable of the prodigal son, with which the novel presents visible parallels. The parable is presented as a standard for proper behavior, and in its comparison, we can say how the hero should have behaved and how he did in the novel. While the images of “prodigal children” recall each other, it is the behavior of parents that draws a significant difference between Dostoevsky’s plot and the parable. The presence or absence of the father’s curse is revealed as one of the main factors determining the fate of all the characters of the story.
The Adolescent as Sentimental Education
Authors: Meerson Olga А.
Published: November 2021

This article dwells on my earlier method, of mining discursive taboos, specific for each novel by Dostoevsky, for the key values made prominent in these novels. More than the original chapter in my 1998 book, Dostoevsky’s Taboos, the article applies this method to the specific poetics of The Adolescent as Bildungsroman. As Arkady, the character, and then, eventually, the narrator, learns about his own faux pas about violating others’ taboos, he also learns about values entailed by these taboos. He becomes less selfish and more sensitive to the reality of other people and their pain and sore spots. As readers, we learn about compassion and a certain imperative system of values, together with this character, just as these newly unmentionable values emerge or transpire for him. Rather than being told about the “before and after” of the character, we are implicated in his transformation, learning his lessons together with him and never having any moral immunity from his faults or any opportunity to judge him from above.
“It’s All One Big Fantasy”: The Critique of Modernity in Dostoevsky’s Novel The Idiot
Authors: Jordan Katya
Published: November 2021

The opposition between Europe and Russia runs through Dostoevsky’s novel The Idiot, culminating in Mme Epanchina’s declaration that both Europe and the Russians who travel to Europe are “one big fantasy” [Dostoevsky, 2002, p. 615]. In the novel, Dostoevsky uses the exile trope as a literary tool for expressing his Russian idea. Although the spiritual underpinnings of Dostoevsky’s nationalism have been well studied, the secular side of this concept bears further exploration. Peter Wagner argues that nationalism constitutes a response to the nostalgia that is developed in exile following one’s breaking away from tradition. Nineteenth-century nationalism specifically “was an attempt to recreate a sense of origins in the face of the disembedding effects of early modernity and capitalism” [Wagner, 2001, p. 103]. By applying Wagner’s theoretical framework to Dostoevsky’s narrative, the author demonstrates that in its secular essence, Dostoevsky’s nationalism is not a merely localized manifestation of a uniquely Russian sentiment, but a symptom of a larger phenomenon that was taking place in late nineteenth-century Europe. Because Mme Epanchina gets to say the final word in Dostoevsky’s novel, her role and the subtleties of her message will be the primary focus of the present analysis.
The Reception of Dostoevsky’s Novel The Adolescent in the Studies of Russian Authors in 1900s-1940s: Religious and Philosophical Understanding, Biography, Psychoanalysis
Authors: Bogdanova Olga A.
Published: November 2021

The history of the perception of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s novel The Adolescent in the first half of the 20th century is divided into two large, qualitatively different periods: the Silver Age and the 1920s–1940s. The peculiarity of the first one is the discovery of Dostoevsky as a philosopher and religious thinker, while the second the awareness of him as an original artist. Therefore, in the first period, “ideological” and “spiritual” interpretations of The Adolescent prevailed, in the second – scientific studies of his poetics and especially of the manuscript corpus. The main areas of study of The Adolescent in the 1920s and 1940s were biography, psychoanalysis, and poetics, together with a continuous religious and philosophical understanding of the novel. The reviewed material is considered in chronological order. There is no clear distinction between Soviet and emigrant researchers, although there is a difference in the conditions in which they worked. Among the authors who wrote about The Adolescent in the 1900s and 1910s, symbolist and religious-philosophical interpretations predominate (D.S. Merezhkovsky, A.A. Blok, V.V. Rozanov, A.S. Glinka-Volzhsky, N.A. Berdyaev), judgments from the positions of naturalism, positivism, and Marxism are less common (A.I. Vvedensky, V.V. Veresaev, V.F. Pereverzev). If in the USSR of the 1920s–1940s references to The Adolescent in a religious and philosophical way are rare (N.O. Lossky), then in emigration they are quite numerous (metropolitan Antony Khrapovitsky, N.A. Berdyaev, A.Z. Steinberg, E.Yu. Kuzmina-Karavaeva, N.O. Lossky). In Dostoevsky’s biographies of the 1920s–1940s, the myth of the writer’s gloomy childhood prevails, as if depicted in the plot of Arkady Dolgoruky, the hero of The Adolescent (L.P. Grossman, I.D. Ermakov, K.V. Mochulsky), but in the same years, there is confidence in the evidence of Dostoevsky’s happy childhood (O. von Schultz, G.I. Chulkov). Psychoanalysis, authoritative in the 1920s, considered the family conflict of The Adolescent in the light of the Oedipus complex and the teachings of Z. Freud on the structure of the human personality (A.A. Kashina-Evreinova, B.A. Griftsov, I.D. Ermakov, P.S. Popov).
Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Masonic Environment
Authors: Podosokorsky Nikolay N.
Published: November 2021

For the first time are here presented to Dostoevsky scholars new facts concerning the masonic environment of the writer, who starting from his education in Chermak’s boarding school in 1834-1837 cultivated close relations of friendship with masons, some of them initiated even in 1840s (Apollon Grigorev), when masonry in Russia was officially forbidden, but nevertheless underground meetings continued. Reasons are given in support to the hypothesis, expressed for the first time by Tatiana Kasatkina in the middle of 1990s, of the possibility for Dostoevsky to have been a mason during the 1840s. Whether or not, direct references to masons and masonic symbolic in Dostoevsky’s oeuvre are impossible to explain (Uncle’s Dream, The Humiliated and the Insulted, The Adolescent, The Brothers Karamazov) if one ignores his interest for masonic teaching.