bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dipstick Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer‐Coated Screen‐Printed Electrodes for the Single‐Shot Detection of Glucose in Urine Samples—From Fundamental Study toward Point‐of‐Care Application
Authors: Caldara Manlio , Lowdon Joseph W. , van Wissen Gil , Ferrari Alejandro Garcia‐Miranda , Crapnell Robert D. , Cleij Thomas J. , Diliën Hanne , Banks Craig E. , Eersels Kasper , van Grinsven Bart
Published: May 2023

Glucose biosensors play an extremely important role in health care systems worldwide. Therefore, the field continues to attract significant attention leading to the development of innovative technologies. Due to their characteristics, Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) represent a promising alternative to commercial enzymatic sensors. In this work, a low‐cost, flexible MIP‐based platform for glucose sensing by integrating MIP particles directly into screen‐printed electrodes (SPEs) is realized. The sensor design allows the detection of glucose via two different transducer principles, the so‐called “heat‐transfer method” (HTM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The sensitivity and selectivity of the sensor are demonstrated by comparing the responses obtained toward three different saccharides. Furthermore, the application potential of the MIP‐SPE sensor is demonstrated by analyzing the response in urine samples, showing a linear range of 14.38–330 µm with HTM and 1.37–330 µm with EIS. To bring the sensor closer to a real life application, a handheld dipstick sensor is developed, allowing the single‐shot detection of glucose in urine using EIS. This study illustrates that the simplicity of the dipstick readout coupled with the straightforward manufacturing process opens up the possibility for mass production, making this platform a very attractive alternative to commercial glucose sensors.
Multiscale Structure Coordinated Poly(Ether Ether Ketone)‐Based Black Absorber with Wide‐Angle High Absorption Properties
Authors: Xiong Qiyang , Li Yang , Li Qiaoying , Kang Hongjun , Lu Songtao , Qin Wei , Wu Xiaohong
Published: May 2023

Black absorber with wide‐angle high absorption properties is of great significance to the in‐orbit operation of space optical system. However, up to now, black absorber used in space optical system with wide‐angle high absorption properties has rarely been reported. Herein, this work reports a multiscale structure coordinated black poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK)‐based black absorber with lightweight, low volatilization, and wide‐angle high absorption properties through 3D printing method. The as‐prepared absorber with honeycomb structure shows a high surface absorptivity (about 96.89%), and excellent wide‐angle high absorption properties which absorptivity attenuation rate is only 1.43% at 70°, benefiting from 3D‐printed honeycomb structure and multi‐scale light trap structure on the absorber inner surface. Besides, high and low temperature cycling test shows that its wide‐angle high absorption properties have a good stability at the space extreme environment, and its collected volatile condensable material (CVCM) is as low as 0.00%. This work provides a new strategy for simple fabrication method of novel lightweight multifunctional‐structure integrated absorber for space optical system.
A Novel Multi‐Functional Thiophene‐Based Organic Cation as Passivation, Crystalline Orientation, and Organic Spacer Agent for Low‐Dimensional 3D/1D Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Semerci Ali , Buyruk Ali , Emin Saim , Hooijer Rik , Kovacheva Daniela , Mayer Peter , Reus Manuel A. , Blätte Dominic , Günther Marcella , Hartmann Nicolai F. , Lotfi Soroush , Hofmann Jan P. , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Bein Thomas , Ameri Tayebeh
Published: May 2023

Recently, the mixed‐dimensional (3D/2D or 3D/1D) perovskite solar cells using small organic spacers have attracted interest due to their outstanding long‐term stability. Here, a new type of thiophene‐based organic cation 2‐(thiophene‐2yl‐)pyridine‐1‐ium iodide (ThPyI), which is used to fabricate mixed‐dimensional 3D/1D perovskite solar cells, is presented. The ThPyI‐based 1D perovskitoid is applied as a passivator on top of a 3D methyl ammonium lead iodide (MAPI) to fabricate surface‐passivated 3D/1D perovskite films or added alone into the 3D perovskite precursor to generate bulk‐passivated 3D MAPI. The 1D perovskitoid acts as a passivating agent at the grain boundaries of surface‐passivated 3D/1D, which improves the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the solar cells. Grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS) studies confirm that ThPyI triggers the preferential orientation of the bulk MAPI slabs, which is essential to enhance charge transport. Champion bulk‐passivated 3D and surface‐passivated 3D/1D devices yield 14.10% and 19.60% PCE, respectively. The bulk‐passivated 3D offers favorable stability, with 84% PCE retained after 2000 h without encapsulation. This study brings a new perspective to the design of organic spacers having a different binding motif and a passivation strategy to mitigate the impact of defects in hybrid 3D/1D perovskite solar cells.
Infrared Resonance Tailoring of Individual Split‐Ring Resonators with Phase‐Change Materials by Locally Changing the Dielectric Surrounding of the Antenna Hotspots
Authors: Conrads Lukas , Heßler Andreas , Wirth Konstantin G. , Meyer Sebastian , Wuttig Matthias , Chigrin Dmitry N. , Taubner Thomas
Published: May 2023

For miniaturized active metasurfaces, resonance tuning of nanoantennas is a key ingredient. Phase‐change materials (PCMs) have been established as prime candidates for non‐volatile resonance tuning enabled by a change in the refractive index around nanoantennas. Conventionally, this tuning is induced by annealing the entire sample equally and does not allow changes on a meta‐atom level. Recently, it is demonstrated that individual rodantenna resonances can be adjusted by addressing each meta‐atom locally with precise laser pulses and switching the PCM there. However, simultaneously controlling several different modes remains elusive. In this work, PCM‐covered aluminum split‐ring resonators (SRRs) are switched locally to tune both the electric dipole resonances as well as the magnetic dipole resonances. By selectively switching the PCM at different hotspots of the SRRs, both resonances can be tuned individually. Finally, the field enhancement in the magnetic resonance allows continuous tuning of surface‐enhanced infrared absorption of native SiO2. This work serves as a proof of principle for sophisticated resonance tuning via changes in the refractive index at the hotspots of the selected antennas enabling fine‐tuning functionalities on a meta‐atom level and allows for post‐fabrication adjustments of metasurfaces.
4f‐Less Terahertz Optical Pattern Recognition Enabled by Complex Amplitude Modulating Metasurface Through Laser Direct Writing
Authors: Wang Zongyuan , Hu Bin , Liu Jingyu , Wang Guocui , Liu Weiguang , Xiong Chenjie , Huang Jianzhou , Liu Juan , Zhang Yan
Published: May 2023

Optical pattern recognition (OPR) has the advantage of single intensity detection ability for low‐cost terahertz (THz) systems of imaging or security checks. However, conventional 4f‐system‐based OPR is limited by the paraxial approximation and bulky device volumes for THz applications. Here, a full‐diffraction‐based 4f‐less OPR method is proposed using a single complex‐amplitude‐modulating metasurface, which is valid for systems with large Fresnel numbers. Moreover, a laser‐induced graphene technique is applied for processing the device. A 15 mm × 15 mm metasurface can be fabricated by one‐step laser writing in 34 s, indicating the potential of the proposed method in developing THz OPR systems with miniaturization, fast fabrication, and low‐cost.
Supramolecular Polymer‐Nanomedicine Hydrogel Loaded with Tumor Associated Macrophage‐Reprogramming polyTLR7/8a Nanoregulator for Enhanced Anti‐Angiogenesis Therapy of Orthotopic Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Liu Xiang , Huangfu Yini , Wang Jingrong , Kong Pengxu , Tian Weijun , Liu Peng , Fang Chuang , Li Shuangyang , Nie Yu , Feng Zujian , Huang Pingsheng , Shi Shengbin , Zhang Chuangnian , Dong Anjie , Wang Weiwei
Published: May 2023

Anti‐angiogenic therapies targeting inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway show clinical benefit in hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumors. However, HCC expresses massive pro‐angiogenic factors in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in response to anti‐angiogenic therapy, recruiting tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs), leading to revascularization and tumor progression. To regulate cell types in TME and promote the therapeutic efficiency of anti‐angiogenic therapy, a supramolecular hydrogel drug delivery system (PLDX‐PMI) co‐assembled by anti‐angiogenic nanomedicines (PCN‐Len nanoparticles (NPs)) and oxidized dextran (DX), and loaded with TAMs‐reprogramming polyTLR7/8a nanoregulators (p(Man‐IMDQ) NRs) is developed for orthotopic liver cancer therapy. PCN‐Len NPs target tyrosine kinases of vascular endothelial cells and blocked VEGFR signaling pathway. p(Man‐IMDQ) NRs repolarize pro‐angiogenic M2‐type TAMs into anti‐angiogenic M1‐type TAMs via mannose‐binding receptors, reducing the secretion of VEGF, which further compromised the migration and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells. On highly malignant orthotopic liver cancer Hepa1‐6 model, it is found that a single administration of the hydrogel formulation significantly decreases tumor microvessel density, promotes tumor vascular network maturation, and reduces M2‐subtype TAMs, thereby effectively inhibiting tumor progression. Collectively, findings in this work highlight the great significance of TAMs reprogramming in enhancing anti‐angiogenesis treatment for orthotopic HCC, and provides an advanced hydrogel delivery system‐based synergistic approach for tumor therapy.
Photothermal Catalysis: An Emerging Green Approach to Upcycling Plastic Waste
Authors: Xing Chuanwang , Cai Haiting , Kang Dingxuan , Sun Wei
Published: May 2023

The increasingly massive accumulation of plastic waste is triggering a global pollution crisis, causing severe economic and health issues. As an effective strategy to realize synchronous environmental remediation and value‐added chemical production, the catalytic upcycling of plastics has received extensive attention. Among the upcycling approaches, the emerging photothermal catalysis outstands with features of high conversion efficiency and mild reaction conditions. Herein, the advancements of photothermal catalysis in plastic waste upcycling are reviewed for the first time. The general limitations of the traditional thermocatalytic and photocatalytic upcycling of plastics are first discussed. Subsequently, the photothermal catalytic approaches to upcycling of plastics are classified into three categories depending on the catalytic mechanism, and discussed in depth. Finally, the current challenges in the field are appraised, and several suggestions concerning the investigation of the mechanisms and practical applications for the conversion of plastics into valuable chemicals are highlighted.
Functionalization of Donor–π–Acceptor Hole Transport Materials Enhances Crystallization and Defect Passivation in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells: Achieving Power Conversion Efficiency >21% (Area: 1.96 cm2) and Impressive Stability
Authors: Hung Chieh-Ming , Wu Chi-Chi , Tsao Po-Hsiung , Lung Chia-Di , Wang Chih-Hsing , Ni I-Chih , Chu Che-Chun , Cheng Chun-Hao , Kuang Wen-Yang , Wu Chih-I , Chen Hsieh-Chih , Chan Yi-Tsu , Chou Pi-Tai
Published: May 2023

Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) mainly adopt polytriarylamine (PTAA) for the hole transport material (HTM), which usually brings about inferior interfacial contact owing to their hydrophobicity, high‐lying highest occupied molecular orbital energy level, and deficiency of passivation groups. Herein, a series of donor–π–acceptor (D–π–A) type small molecules is demonstrated based on 2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine (TPy) as the acceptor moiety, benzene ring as the π‐linker, and incorporating various donors to act as HTMs. These TPy‐based molecules coated atop PTAA manipulate the energy level and surface wettability, but the incorporation of the phenoxazine (POZ) donor can be prominent for enhancing charge transport and defect passivation, thereby simultaneously addressing the above‐mentioned issues. The highest power conversion efficiency of 22.36% can be achieved with an open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.15 V, a short‐circuit current density (JSC) of 23.96 mA cm−2, and a fill factor (FF) of 81.16% for the optimized POZ‐TPy‐modified device. Moreover, the power PCE of a large POZ‐TPy‐modified device (1.96 cm2) can still reach more than 21%. These results are among one of the highest efficiencies for inverted PSCs, indicating the enormous potential of POZ‐TPy HTM in future perovskite applications.
Palladium Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Amination of Alkenes
Authors: Meng Jingjie , Liu Huikang , Wu Zhengxing , Zhang Wanbin
Published: May 2023

Amines are widely applied in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, and the development of synthetic methods for their preparation is driven by their importance. The amination of alkenes is a direct and efficient method for the construction of amines, of which oxidative amination is more valuable because it can give the desired products with greater functionality and flexibility. In oxidative amination, using molecular oxygen (O2) as a terminal oxidant has promising industrial application prospects. In recent years, the palladium‐catalyzed aerobic oxidation of alkenes has seen significant progress, and its related research has also been extended to the aerobic oxidative amination of alkenes. The corresponding oxidation systems have been developed from early research involving the introduction of cocatalysts to the more recent systems which utilize auxiliary ligands instead of cocatalysts. In this review, the advancements in the palladium‐catalyzed aerobic oxidative amination of monoalkenes and conjugated dienes over the last two decades are discussed, with emphasis on aerobic oxidation process and their associated mechanisms.
An environmental DNA assay for the detection of Critically Endangered angel sharks (Squatina spp.)
Authors: Faure Nadia , Manel Stéphanie , Macé Bastien , Arnal Véronique , Guellati Nacim , Holon Florian , Barroil Adèle , Pichot Franck , Riutort Jean‐Jacques , Insacco Gianni , Zava Bruno , Mouillot David , Deter Julie
Published: May 2023

The three sympatric angel shark species occurring in the Mediterranean – Squatina squatina (the angelshark), Squatina aculeata (the sawback angelshark), and Squatina oculata (the smoothback angelshark) – are all classed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. There is a clear need to better quantify their current status, using appropriate non‐destructive methods, to help inform future conservation measures.

This study introduces an environmental DNA (eDNA) assay able to detect and distinguish S. aculeata, S. oculata, and S. squatina in the Mediterranean Sea by combining probe‐based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technology and Sanger sequencing. The assay targets a 173‐bp barcode in the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene. It was tested in silico, in vitro on tissue‐extracted DNA, and on eDNA extracted from filtration samples. This genus‐specific assay was applied to detect the presence of S. squatina in eDNA samples collected in Corsica, France.

The target barcode was found in seven of 76 eDNA samples, revealing the presence of S. squatina in north‐western Corsica, where the shark has never been observed, and confirming its existence on the eastern coast. The study also demonstrates that using eDNA sampling, based on 30 L of seawater filtered close to the substrate with a waterproof peristaltic pump, it was possible to detect the eDNA of this rare benthic species.

The results of detection can help identify critical areas for angel shark conservation and facilitate the development of local public awareness initiatives. This novel qPCR assay should be used for future applications in the Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic targeting angel sharks to better identify the remaining populations. In this study the qPCR assay was applied for S. squatina eDNA, but application to S. aculeata and S. oculata still needs to be validated in the field.
Expert Perspective: Challenges in Sjögren's Disease
Authors: Nocturne Gaetane , Mariette Xavier
Published: May 2023

The management of Sjögren's disease is challenging because of several factors. Indeed, the clinical presentations are heterogeneous, and one must be able to identify prognostic markers to adapt the follow‐up. In addition, there is no validated treatment. Nevertheless, international experts have been working for several years to establish recommendations to guide management. Since research in this field is extremely active, we anticipate the development of effective treatments for our patients in the near future.
Craniorachipagus symmetric conjoined twinning: Identification of a fourth case and delineation of the phenotype
Authors: Oostra Roelof‐Jan , Solt Ido , Boer Lucas L.
Published: May 2023

Background

Symmetric craniorachipagus is an exceedingly rare type of bi‐umbilical conjoined twinning, known from only three scantily described cases.

Case

We identified a fourth, previously described case that was misdiagnosed as janiceps and as pygopagus. It concerned dorsally conjoined twins that were part of a triplet pregnancy, spontaneously born at 22 weeks of gestation. Radiography confirmed union at the occipital craniums and the thoracolumbar vertebral columns. Both twins had their own separate umbilical cords. To delineate the phenotype of craniorachipagus and to differentiate it from rachipagus without cranial involvement, we compared the present case with the previous three reported cases and with the historical literature concerning comparable conditions. Furthermore, we discuss why exceedingly rare conditions such as these are presently underreported in the literature.

Conclusion

Symmetric craniorachipagus is a type of bi‐umbilical conjoined twinning, to date represented by four confirmed cases that share a similar phenotype. This includes dorsal conjunction at the sides of the occipital craniums and the vertebral columns, in the absence of any visceral connections. Details on its etiopathogenesis and apparent lethality await additional case investigations. No unequivocally confirmed cases of symmetric rachipagus without cranial involvement have been reported and its existence in humans has yet to be proven.
Mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy for chronic noncancer pain and prescription opioid use disorder: A qualitative pilot study of its feasibility and the perceived process of change
Authors: Ellerbroek Hannah , Hanssen Imke , Lathouwers Karen , Cillessen Linda , Dekkers Sander , Veldman Stijn E. , van den Heuvel Sandra A. S. , Speckens Anne E. M. , Schellekens Arnt F. A.
Published: May 2023

Background

Mindfulness‐based interventions have a positive impact on pain, craving, and well‐being in both patients with chronic pain and those with opioid use disorder (OUD). Although data are limited, mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy (MBCT) might be a promising treatment for patients with chronic noncancer pain combined with OUD. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the feasibility and process of change during MBCT in this particular population.

Methods

In this qualitative pilot study, 21 patients who were hospitalized for rotation to buprenorphine/naloxone as agonist treatment for chronic pain and OUD were offered MBCT. Semistructured interviews were conducted to explore experienced barriers and facilitators to MBCT. Patients who participated in MBCT were also interviewed on their perceived process of change.

Results

Of 21 patients invited to participate in MBCT, 12 initially expressed interest but only four eventually participated in MBCT. The timing of the intervention, group format, somatic complaints, and practical difficulties were identified as the main barriers to participation. Facilitating factors included having a positive attribution toward MBCT, an intrinsic motivation to change, and practical support. The four MBCT participants mentioned several important mechanisms of change, including reduction of opioid craving and improved coping with pain.

Conclusions

MBCT offered in the current study was not feasible for the majority of patients with pain and OUD. Changing the timing of MBCT by providing it at an earlier stage of the treatment and offering MBCT in an online format may facilitate participation.
Acupuncture for the prevention of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yan Yuqian , López‐Alcalde Jesús , Zhang Linxin , Siebenhüner Alexander R. , Witt Claudia M. , Barth Jürgen
Published: May 2023

Purpose

To assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for the prevention of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), with a specific intention on exploring sources of between‐study variation in treatment effects.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared acupuncture to sham acupuncture or usual care (UC). The main outcome is complete control (no vomiting episodes and/or no more than mild nausea) of CINV. GRADE approach was used to rate the certainty of evidence.

Results

Thirty‐eight RCTs with a total of 2503 patients were evaluated. Acupuncture in addition to UC may increase the complete control of acute vomiting (RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.25; 10 studies) and delayed vomiting (RR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.07 to 2.00; 10 studies) when compared with UC only. No effects were found for all other review outcomes. The certainty of evidence was generally low or very low. None of the predefined moderators changed the overall findings, but in an exploratory moderator analysis we found that an adequate reporting of planned rescue antiemetics might decrease the effect size of complete control of acute vomiting (p = 0.035).

Conclusion

Acupuncture in addition to usual care may increase the complete control of chemotherapy‐induced acute vomiting and delayed vomiting but the certainty of evidence was very low. Well‐designed RCTs with larger sample sizes, standardized treatment regimens, and core outcome measures are needed.
Pony patrols campus as goodwill ambassador for Virginia Tech
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: May 2023

As students and staff walk the Virginia Tech campus, they hope to cross paths with their favorite miniature horse on patrol, blanketed in his very own Virginia Tech Police Department uniform and sporting VT bows in his mane and tail.
Exploring the effects of virtual hand appearance on midair typing efficiency
Authors: Cui Dixuan , Mousas Christos
Published: May 2023

Midair typing has gradually become the potential mainstream of virtual reality (VR) typing, as it eliminates the setup of additional hardware devices and provides convenience for portable head‐mounted displays (HMDs). In midair typing, users type on a virtual keyboard while using their virtual hands. In addition to the lack of a dominant method for VR‐based midair typing, we still do not know the impact that different appearances of virtual hands could have on text input in VR. Thus, we picked a widely used midair typing method (i.e., the VR‐rendered QWERTY keyboard) and conducted a VR study to explore the effects of three hand appearances (i.e., abstract, mannequin, realistic hands) on typing efficiency in terms of typing accuracy, typing speed, and task load. Our within‐group study revealed that (1) the mannequin hand caused significantly higher performance on typing speed than the abstract and realistic hands, (2) the abstract hand caused significantly lower performance (more typing errors) on typing accuracy compared to the mannequin and realistic hands, and (3) participants rated the task load of using the abstract hand significantly higher than the mannequin and realistic hands.
Novel Pyrazole‐Based Transition Metal Complexes: Spectral, Photophysical, Thermal and Biological Studies
Authors: Devi Priyanka , Singh Kiran , Makawana Dhaval
Published: May 2023

A novel bioactive Schiff base (HL) named 3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐5‐((5‐nitrosalicylidene)amino)pyrazole was prepared by condensing 5‐amino‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenylpyrazole with 5‐nitrosalicyldehyde in methanol on a heating mantle in refluxing condition for 1 h. Some transition metal complexes of the ligand in (1 : 1) and (1 : 2) have also been prepared by condensing the metal acetate salt with the synthesized Schiff base. The Schiff base and metal complexes were characterized by different physiochemical techniques, i. e., 1H‐NMR, InfraRed, mass spectroscopy, elemental analysis, Ultraviolet‐Visible, Cyclic voltammetry, electronic spectra and Electron spin resonance. The presence of water molecules in the complexes have been calculated with the help of thermogravimetric analysis. Kinetic parameters such that entropy change, enthalpy change and activation energy have been calculated with the help of Coats‐Redfern equations. Fluorescence spectra showed enhancement in the fluorescence signal of the metal complexes. Square planar geometry for the copper complexes and octahedral geometry for the other metal complexes have been proposed with help of various methods. Biological activities of all the compounds have been carried out and the results disclosed that the metal complexes have high biological activity than the Schiff base having MIC value in the range 25–3.12 μg/mL and mycelial growth inhibition 60.82–96.98 %.
1,2‐Arylsulfonylation of Vinyl Ethers and Esters Enabled by Dual Ni Catalysis
Authors: Pugnal Lucas V. B. L. , Vega Kimberly B. , Pissinati Emanuele F. , Correia José Tiago M. , Zukerman‐Schpector Julio , Martin Ruben , Paixão Márcio W.
Published: May 2023

A dual photocatalytic sulfonylation‐arylation of electron‐rich alkenes is described. By combining sulfinate salts, (hetero)‐aryl‐bromides and 2,3‐dihydrofuran under Ru and Ni dual catalysis, over 35 examples of aryl‐sulfonylated scaffolds could be obtained in good to excellent yields, under mild reaction conditions and high diastereoselectivity.
Caged Luciferase Inhibitor‐Based Bioluminescence Switching Strategy Enables Efficient Detection of Serum APN Activity and the Identification of Its Roles in Metastasis of Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer**
Authors: Li Yunzhi , Wu Jiaxin , Jin Chaoying , Zhang Yiqiu , Wang Jiyu , Wang Xuecen , Li Huixia , Zhang Xiaoyue , Liu Tingyu , Zhou Deyuan , Kuang Yukun , Wu Weijian , Wang Youqiao , Ke Zunfu , Bu Xianzhang , Yue Xin
Published: May 2023

Bioluminogenic probes emerged as powerful tools for imaging and analysis of various bioanalyses, but traditional approaches would be limited to the low sensitivity during determine the low activity of protease in clinical specimens. Herein, we proposed a caged luciferase inhibitor‐based bioluminescence‐switching strategy (CLIBS) by using a cleavable luciferase inhibitor to modulate the activity of luciferase reporter to amplify the detective signals, which led to the enhancement of detection sensitivity, and enabled the determination of circulating Aminopeptidase N (APN) activity in thousands of times diluted serum. By applying the CLIBS to serum samples in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients from two clinical cohorts, we revealed that, for the first time, higher circulating APN activities but not its concentration, were associated with more NSCLC metastasis or higher metastasis stages by subsequent clinical analysis, and can serve as an independent factor for forecasting NSCLC patients’ risk of metastasis.
Comparative rotatory power of bent and twisted polyynes
Authors: Sburlati Sophia , Gustafson Afton , Kahr Bart
Published: May 2023

Linear polyynes of the formula C18H2 (symmetry D∞h) were bent in silico by progressively introducing CCC angles less than 180°. The bent structures (symmetry C2v) were then twisted by introducing torsion angles across the CCCC segments by as much as 60°. The gyration tensors of these 19 structures (linear, bent, and twisted) were computed by linear response methods. Bending is massively generative of optical activity in oriented structures, even achiral structures, whereas twisting in conjunction with bending, serves to linearize the molecules and diminish maximally observable optical activity. This computational exercise is intended to unbind the infelicitous linkage of optical activity and chirality, which is only meaningful in isotropic media. Although bent structures are not optically active in solution—the spatial average of the optical activity is necessarily zero—solution measurements that deliver the spatial averages are a special class of measurements, albeit the overwhelmingly most common chiroptical measurements, that prejudice our common understanding of how π‐conjugated structures generate gyration. Bending is far more effective than twisting at generating optical activity along some directions for oriented structures. The respective contributions from the transition electric dipole–magnetic dipole polarizability and the transition electric dipole–electric quadrupole polarizability are compared.
Exploiting Adsorption/Diffusion Synergy in MFI‐Catalyzed Hexane Isomerization Reactor
Authors: Krishna Rajamani
Published: May 2023

The isomerization of n‐hexane to produce mono‐ and di‐branched isomers is an important process for octane enhancement of gasoline. In a fixed bed reactor, packed with MFI catalyst, there is synergy between mixture adsorption equilibrium and intra‐crystalline diffusion. This synergy is best exploited by operating the reactor in a transient manner, whereby the desired products consisting of the branched isomers can be recovered from the exiting gas mixture during the early stages of transience. This strategy essentially results in a combination of reaction and separation in a single fixed bed device.
Association between vitamin D deficiency and vasovagal syncope: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Khalaji Amirmohammad , Behnoush Amir Hossein , Tajdini Masih
Published: May 2023

Vasovagal syncope (VVS) is the most prevalent type of syncope and its management includes pharmacologic and non‐pharmacologic interventions. Recently, studies have investigated vitamin D levels in VVS patients. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we aim to review these studies to find possible associations between vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D levels with VVS. International databases including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase were searched with keywords related to “vasovagal syncope” and “vitamin D.” Studies were screened and the data were extracted from them. Random‐effect meta‐analysis was conducted to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for vitamin D levels in comparison to VVS patients and controls. Also, VVS occurrence was measured and the odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were calculated for comparison of vitamin D deficient cases and nondeficient individuals. Six studies were included with 954 cases investigated. Meta‐analysis showed that patients with VVS had significantly lower vitamin D serum levels in comparison to non‐VVS cases (SMD −1.05, 95% CI −1.54 to −0.57, p‐value < .01). Moreover, VVS occurrence was higher in vitamin D‐deficient individuals (OR 5.43, 95% CI 2.40 to 12.27, p‐value < .01). Our findings which show lower vitamin D levels in VVS patients can have clinical implications in order for clinicians to pay attention to this when approaching VVS. Further randomized controlled trials are certainly warranted to assess the role of vitamin D supplementation in individuals with VVS.
Implication of dissolved nitrogen dynamics of urban rivers using multivariate regression and structural equation modeling
Authors: Arora Sameer , Keshari Ashok K.
Published: May 2023

The river's functional balance varies according to flow regimes and nutrient distribution. Watercourses can receive water from different point and nonpoint sources, which discharge high nitrogen load in rivers generated from domestic and industrial effluents and agricultural runoff. The excessive concentration of nitrogen load affects the riverine ecosystem by attenuating dissolved oxygen balance and disturbing the water quality. A study has been conducted to determine the nitrogen dynamics and their impact on the water quality of the Delhi stretch of Yamuna River, India, which is highly influenced by anthropogenic activities. Multivariate linear regression (MLR) was performed to gain insight into nitrogen dynamics, and structural equation modeling was applied to determine the direct (primary) and indirect (secondary) relation between the water quality parameters and the subsequent impact on water quality. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) was measured using ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen was estimated to reflect the dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). The variation in dissolved nitrogen (organic and inorganic) signifies high negative flux on the river's organic content, causing further degradation of river water quality. MLR predicted a high correlation between predicted and observed DIN at the Income Tax Office (ITO) (92.5%) and Nizamuddin (94.37%) and DON at ITO (93.49%) and Nizamuddin (95.28%). The high concentration during the lean period deteriorates the water quality tremendously and suggests that the variation in dissolved nitrogen content should be monitored carefully to maintain the river's water quality dominated by the organic load.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cell mitochondrial dysfunction in acute alcohol‐associated hepatitis
Authors: Bellar Annette , Welch Nicole , Dasarathy Jaividhya , Attaway Amy , Musich Ryan , Kumar Avinash , Sekar Jinendiran , Mishra Saurabh , Sandlers Yana , Streem David , Nagy Laura E , Dasarathy Srinivasan
Published: May 2023

Background

Patients with acute alcohol‐associated hepatitis (AH) have immune dysfunction. Mitochondrial function is critical for immune cell responses and regulates senescence. Clinical translational studies using complementary bioinformatics‐experimental validation of mitochondrial responses were performed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with AH, healthy controls (HC), and heavy drinkers without evidence of liver disease (HD).

Methods

Feature extraction for differentially expressed genes (DEG) in mitochondrial components and telomere regulatory pathways from single‐cell RNAseq (scRNAseq) and integrated ‘pseudobulk’ transcriptomics from PBMC from AH and HC (n = 4 each) were performed. After optimising isolation and processing protocols for functional studies in PBMC, mitochondrial oxidative responses to substrates, uncoupler, and inhibitors were quantified in independent discovery (AH n = 12; HD n = 6; HC n = 12) and validation cohorts (AH n = 10; HC n = 7). Intermediary metabolites (gas‐chromatography/mass‐spectrometry) and telomere length (real‐time PCR) were quantified in subsets of subjects (PBMC/plasma AH n = 69/59; HD n = 8/8; HC n = 14/27 for metabolites; HC n = 13; HD n = 8; AH n = 72 for telomere length).

Results

Mitochondrial, intermediary metabolite, and senescence‐regulatory genes were differentially expressed in PBMC from AH and HC in a cell type–specific manner at baseline and with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Fresh PBMC isolated using the cell preparation tube generated optimum mitochondrial responses. Intact cell and maximal respiration were lower (p ≤ .05) in AH than HC/HD in the discovery and validation cohorts. In permeabilised PBMC, maximum respiration, complex I and II function were lower in AH than HC. Most tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates in plasma were higher while those in PBMC were lower in patients with AH than those from HC. Lower telomere length, a measure of cellular senescence, was associated with higher mortality in AH.

Conclusion

Patients with AH have lower mitochondrial oxidative function, higher plasma TCA cycle intermediates, with telomere shortening in nonsurvivors.
Retinal imaging biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies using brain amyloid beta status for case definition
Authors: Ashraf Gizem , McGuinness Myra , Khan Muhammad Azaan , Obtinalla Czarina , Hadoux Xavier , van Wijngaarden Peter
Published: May 2023

Introduction

We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the association between retinal imaging parameters and Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus were systematically searched for prospective and observational studies. Included studies had AD case definition based on brain amyloid beta (Aβ) status. Study quality assessment was performed. Random‐effects meta‐analyses of standardized mean difference, correlation, and diagnostic accuracy were conducted.

Results

Thirty‐eight studies were included. There was weak evidence of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thinning on optical coherence tomography (OCT) (p = 0.14, 11 studies, n = 828), increased foveal avascular zone area on OCT‐angiography (p = 0.18, four studies, n = 207), and reduced arteriole and venule vessel fractal dimension on fundus photography (p < 0.001 and p = 0.08, respectively, three studies, n = 297) among AD cases.

Discussion

Retinal imaging parameters appear to be associated with AD. Small study sizes and heterogeneity in imaging methods and reporting make it difficult to determine utility of these changes as AD biomarkers.

Highlights

We performed a systematic review on retinal imaging and Alzheimer's disease (AD).

We only included studies in which cases were based on brain amyloid beta status.

Several retinal biomarkers were associated with AD but clinical utility is uncertain.

Studies should focus on biomarker‐defined AD and use standardized imaging methods.
Gene flow drives genomic diversity in Asian Pikas distributed along the core and range‐edge habitats in the Himalayas
Authors: Dahal Nishma , Romine Melia G. , Khatiwara Sunita , Ramakrishnan Uma , Lamichhaney Sangeet
Published: May 2023

Studying the genetic variation among different species distributed across their core and range‐edge habitats can provide valuable insights into how genetic variation changes across the species' distribution range. This information can be important for understanding local adaptation, as well as for conservation and management efforts. In this study, we have carried out genomic characterization of six species of Asian Pikas distributed along their core and range‐edge habitats in the Himalayas. We utilized a population genomics approach using ~28,000 genome‐wide SNP markers obtained from restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing. We identified low nucleotide diversity and high inbreeding coefficients in all six species across their core and range‐edge habitats. We also identified evidence of gene flow among genetically diverse species. Our results provide evidence of reduced genetic diversity in Asian pikas distributed across the Himalayas and the neighboring regions and indicate that recurrent gene flow is possibly a key mechanism for maintaining genetic diversity and adaptive potential in these pikas. However, full‐scale genomics studies that utilize whole‐genome sequencing approaches will be needed to quantify the direction and timing of gene flow and functional changes associated with introgressed regions in the genome. Our results represent an important step toward understanding the patterns and consequences of gene flow in species, sampled at the least studied, yet climatically vulnerable part of their habitat that can be further used to inform conservation strategies that promote connectivity and gene flow between populations.
Toward a national eDNA strategy for the United States
Authors: Kelly Ryan P. , Lodge David M. , Lee Kai N. , Theroux Susanna , Sepulveda Adam J. , Scholin Christopher A. , Craine Joseph M. , Andruszkiewicz Allan Elizabeth , Nichols Krista M. , Parsons Kim M. , Goodwin Kelly D. , Gold Zachary , Chavez Francisco P. , Noble Rachel T. , Abbott Cathryn L. , Baerwald Melinda R. , Naaum Amanda M. , Thielen Peter M. , Simons Ariel Levi , Jerde Christopher L. , Duda Jeffrey J. , Hunter Margaret E. , Hagan John A. , Meyer Rachel Sarah , Steele Joshua A. , Stoeckle Mark Y. , Bik Holly M. , Meyer Christopher P. , Stein Eric , James Karen E. , Thomas Austen C. , Demir‐Hilton Elif , Timmers Molly A. , Griffith John F. , Weise Michael J. , Weisberg Stephen B.
Published: May 2023

Environmental DNA (eDNA) data make it possible to measure and monitor biodiversity at unprecedented resolution and scale. As use‐cases multiply and scientific consensus grows regarding the value of eDNA analysis, public agencies have an opportunity to decide how and where eDNA data fit into their mandates. Within the United States, many federal and state agencies are individually using eDNA data in various applications and developing relevant scientific expertise. A national strategy for eDNA implementation would capitalize on recent scientific developments, providing a common set of next‐generation tools for natural resource management and public health protection. Such a strategy would avoid patchwork and possibly inconsistent guidelines in different agencies, smoothing the way for efficient uptake of eDNA data in management. Because eDNA analysis is already in widespread use in both ocean and freshwater settings, we focus here on applications in these environments. However, we foresee the broad adoption of eDNA analysis to meet many resource management issues across the nation because the same tools have immediate terrestrial and aerial applications.
n‐Heptane reforming over Pt/Zr‐HMS catalysts for modeling and optimization of RON and operating conditions via response surface methodology
Authors: Parsafard N.
Published: May 2023

Response surface methodology (RSM) is an expert method for demonstration of effective input factors and responses. In this study, RSM was used with the purpose of increasing the octane number of the primary feed (n‐heptane) in n‐heptane reforming reaction over Pt/Zr‐HMS catalysts. Based on the results of analysis of variance, the correlation coefficient values upper 0.9 were obtained for all responses. However, the results of n‐heptane conversion and selectivity to isomers as two responses were fit to Quadratic model and Research Octane Number was fit to Cubic model. Furthermore, the maximum n‐heptane conversion of 98.8 was obtained at T = 500°C, TOS = 3.5 h, and Si/Zr = 5. Also, at the optimal conditions of (T = 200°C, TOS = 3.5 h, and Si/Zr = 35) and (T = 500°C, TOS = 1 h, and Si/Zr = 20), the maximum isomers selectivity of 54.2 and RON of 100.0 was obtained, respectively.
Integrating theory and research on structural racism and social justice into evaluator preparation
Authors: Villalobos Jennifer , Bledsoe Katrina L. , Donaldson Stewart I.
Published: May 2023

This chapter discusses the relevance and role of structural racism and equity, critical race theory, and social justice perspectives in evaluation. We also suggest opportunities for formally educating the next generation of evaluators about ways to identify and address these topics in practice. One of the ways our field can remediate a long history of relegating the importance of these topics is by revamping evaluator training with expanded pedagogy that includes self‐reflection about positionality, and experiential activities aimed at cultivating evaluators who are better equipped to address pressing justice, disparity, and social and public health issues in contemporary global evaluation practice.
Teaching specification of evaluative criteria: A guide for evaluation education
Authors: Teasdale Rebecca M. , Pitts Robyn Thomas , Gates Emily F. , Shim Clara
Published: May 2023

Evaluative criteria describe the attributes that define a high‐quality intervention and represent values about which intervention characteristics or results are desirable. There are many types of criteria, including those focused on intervention outcomes or impact, design and implementation, and relevance. Criteria may remain implicit and assumed in evaluation practice, yet they nonetheless direct evaluative inquiry and provide the value basis for evaluative conclusions. It is therefore important for novice evaluators to understand why criteria matter and how to thoughtfully consider which and whose criteria to use. We introduce an approach for teaching criteria specification to guide novice evaluators in considering, selecting, and articulating criteria. We introduce key concepts, outline an instructional approach, and provide a downloadable teaching activity for graduate students, undergraduates, and working professionals.
Gain a better understanding of the true entity of Arabis rimarum Rech. f., a misapplied plant under the name Draba aucheri Boiss. (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Khosravi Ahmad Reza , Eslami‐Farouji Atena
Published: May 2023

Arabis rimarum (Arabideae, Brassicaceae) was published by Rechinger and was previously considered by Jordon‐Thaden and her colleagues to be a synonym for Draba aucheri. According to our data, despite sequence affinities, Arabis rimarum and Draba aucheri are two well‐differentiated taxa regarding micromorphological and macromorphological data. Thus, as discussed below, Draba rimarum (Rech. f.) A.R. Khosravi & A. Eslami‐Farouji comb. nova represents a taxonomically justified combination. Illustrations along with notes on the distribution, delimitation, and detailed description of D. aucheri, D. pulchella, and D. rimarum are provided. Likewise, D. linearis and D. linearis var. macrocarpa are reduced to the synonymy of D. siliquosa and D. rimarum, respectively.
Metabolomics: A suitable foodomics approach to the geographical origin traceability of Ethiopian Arabica specialty coffees
Authors: Markos Makiso Urugo , Tola Yetenayet , Kebede Biniam T. , Ogah Onwuchekwa
Published: May 2023

Coffee arabica, originated in Ethiopia, is considered a quality bean for its high sensory qualities, and has a special price in the world coffee market. The country is a pool of genetic diversity for Arabica coffee, and coffee from different regions has a distinct flavor profile. Their exceptional quality is attributed to their genetic diversity, favorable environmental conditions, and agroforestry‐based production system. However, the country still needs to benefit from its single‐origin product due to a lack of appropriate traceability information to register for its geographical indication. Certification of certain plants or plant‐derived products emerged to inform consumers about their exceptional qualities due to their geographical origin and protect the product from fraud. The recently emerging foodomics approaches, namely proteomics, genomics, and metabolomics, are reported as suitable means of regional agri‐food product authentication and traceability. Particularly, the metabolomics approach provides truthful information on product traceability. Despite efforts by some researchers to trace the geographical origin of Ethiopian Arabica coffees through stable isotope and phenolic compound profiling and elemental analysis, foodomics approaches are not used to trace the geographical origin of Arabica specialty coffees from various parts of the country. A metabolomics‐based traceability system that demonstrates the connection between the exceptional attributes of Ethiopian Arabica specialty coffees and their geographic origin is recommended to maximize the benefit of single‐origin coffees.