bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Blockchain in KYC Compliance
Authors: B. Shashank R. , Chhabra Chirag , Cholli Nagaraj G.
Published: February 2022

The current process of Know Your Customer (KYC) used by banks is time-consuming, expensive, and redundant in practice. A Thomson Reuters Research states that while banks globally spend around 60 million USD on an average, this number may go up to 500 million USD for some banks [1]. Hence, to improve the efficiency of this process, the use of a blockchain-based mechanism is suggested. The use of smart contracts also provides scope for adding features that cannot be achieved by the current process. The paper majorly discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using blockchain for performing KYC processes.
Review of Probabilistic Techniques Used for Web browsers’ Caching
Authors: Kakar Abdul Sattar , Rohie Muhammad Sadiq
Published: February 2022

Cache memory plays a central role in improving the performance of web servers, especially for big data transmission, which response time is constrained. It is necessary to use an effective method, such as web cache. Browsers' cache has a significant role according to less bandwidth use, response time and traffic load as well as beneficial if the internet connection is slow. Due to the space limitations, modern browsers companies attempt to use a method to store a great number of web objects and to advance the effectiveness of web browsers. Many scientists have been working to discover and recommend various techniques for this purpose. This study consequently reviews the recent likelihood probabilistic methods, to figure out how browsers store web objects in their caches, and which methods are used to load more speedily and to store a great number of web objects. The comparison between numerous browsers performed to pick and recommend the utmost one for usage. The result has shown that each browser using RI (Ratio Improvement) has powerful performance; to be discussed later. It has proposed using Google Chrome browser because web objects are placed in its cache through the RI technique that correlated with browsers' effectiveness.
Four-Poles Parameter of an Elliptical Cavity Having the Outlet on the Body
Authors: Nishimura Yuya , Nishimura Sohei
Published: February 2022

This paper deals with the computation of the four-poles parameter of a thin elliptic cylinder in which the output is fitted to the side that is perpendicular to the input side. The four-poles parameter is based on the sound pressure calculated by solving the wave equations, with the assumption that the loss can be ignored. The four-poles parameter is widely used to estimate the noise characteristic for the acoustic system which are composed of several elements of various cross-sectional areas, various shape connected in series.
Web-Based Interactive Health Record System (WIHRS)
Authors: Akinbohun Folake , Akinbohun Ambrose , Ojo Omoniyi Akintunde , Daodu Babalola
Published: February 2022

A Web Based Interactive Health Record System (WIHRS) is a digital web-based record of patients presenting in a hospital. The information so generated on patients can then be accessed by medical personnel to provide treatment for them in any health care delivery setting at any location.  Analogue ways of record keeping were the traditional way of documenting patients’ information by health information officers. The problems of unavailability of a centralized database system and inability to access patients records and provide prompt treatment to patients at any healthcare centre could be solved by WIHRS. The objective of the paper is to design a WIHRS. The methods included cloud computing model, service model, deployment model and cloud hosting. The web technologies languages such as Hypertext Pre-processor (PHP), Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML), Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) and Ajax were deployed to implement the proposed system. The use of WIHRS improves the standard of healthcare to patients with optimal efficiency.
Free Induction Decay and Spin Echo Signals from Spin Triplet States of Axially Asymmetric Objects in Single Crystals in Zero Constant Magnetic Field:
Authors: Fokina Nathalie P. , Elizbarashvili Maia O.
Published: February 2022

Anisotropic dynamics of the spin triplet states (STSs) in single crystals with the zero field splitting (ZFS) of their levels by the axially asymmetric Hamiltonian is investigated in zero constant magnetic field (ZF) under the action of the canonically oriented varying magnetic fields. The equations of motion for single transition operators (STOs) corresponding to the definite transition of ZFS are derived.  The obtained equations written in terms of one averaged equation for STO vector appeared to be a particular case (for STS) of the universal equation of Feynman et al, which is valid for any kind of perturbation affecting only two levels of any quantum mechanical system. As well as that, our equation is analogous to the Bloch equation without decay for the usual magnetization components of the Zeeman system in a constant magnetic field and a transverse to it varying field. This statement is valid, if the population probabilities of the corresponding levels of STS are not artificially equalized. At that, the motion of the observable macroscopic sample magnetization, which follows from our equations, has quite different character. Here, in terms of this magnetization the signals of the free induction decay and of the two-pulse spin echo are calculated in ZF.
Comparative Analysis of Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) And Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) Methods in the Classification and Location of High Impedance Faults on Distribution System
Authors: Okpura Nseobong I. , Okafor E. N. C. , Udofia Kufre M.
Published: February 2022

Unlike low impedance faults, which involve relatively large magnitude of fault currents and are easily detected by conventional over-current protection devices, high impedance faults pose a serious challenge to protection engineers because they can remain on the system without the protective relays being able to detect them. This paper presents an improved method for detection and location of high impedance fault using ANFIS model. The study was conducted on the 33 kV Uyo-Ikot Ekpene power distribution line. The case study power distribution system was modeled using MATLAB software. HIFs were introduced at various locations along the distribution line. The data obtained from the MATLAB/Simulink simulated fault using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) were used to train the ANFIS for the location of HIF points along the distribution system as well as for prediction of the distance of the fault location to the nearest injection substation. The results show that ANFIS model gives 52.5 percentage reduction in error compared with FIS in the location of fault points on the case study power distribution system.
Comparison on Impact of HIV/AIDS Patients Characteristics On Their Blood Pressure in Nigeria
Authors: Ezeokeke Chinazo Anthonia , Okoli Cecilia Nchedo
Published: February 2022

The study focused on comparison on impact of HIV/AIDS patient’s characteristics on their blood pressure in Nigeria: a case of NAUTH, COOUTH and Onitsha general hospital in Anambra State. The blood pressure being the response variables are systolic blood pressure & diastolic blood pressure, while the predictor variables being the HIV/AIDS patient’s characteristics are age, baseline count, initial weight, present weight and CD4 count of HIV/AIDS patients. The R software package was employed to facilitate the data analysis. The Multivariate Regression Model of the two response variables (Systolic PB and Diastolic PB) was first fitted with the coefficient of determination of 31.88% and 46.80% respectively for NAUTH data, 27.9% and 37.98% respectively for COOUTH data and 97.35% and 57.15% respectively for general hospital, Onitsha data. The test on the significance of the parameters for the multivariate regression for NAUTH data revealed that age and baseline count of HIV/AIDS patients have significant relationship with systolic BP at 5% level of significance, whereas other predictor variables (initial weight, present weight and CD4 count of HIV/AIDS patients) are not significant, while in the second model, only age has a significant relationship with diastolic BP, whereas initial weight, present weight, baseline count and CD4 count of HIV/AIDS patients do not have significant relationship with diastolic BP at 5% level of significance. The test on the significance of the parameters for the multivariate regression also revealed that only age has significant relationship with systolic and diastolic BP at 5% level of significance, whereas other predictor variables are not significant for both COOUTH and general hospital Onitsha data. It was further  revealed that the data collected from the general hospital Onitsha has the highest coefficient of determination (0.9735) with the lowest AIC (1348.944), BIC (1374.462) and residual standard error (2.587) for systolic blood pressure model which makes the data used in this study the most suitable for the model employed under the stipulated year of study. Also observed that the same data collected from the general hospital Onitsha has the highest coefficient of determination (0.5715) with the lowest AIC (1825.917), BIC (1851.435) and residual standard error (6.008) for diastolic blood pressure model which equally makes the data used in this study the most suitable. It is clear from the result obtained in this study that the data set collected from general hospital, Onitsha from 2003 to 2017 is most appropriate for the multivariate multiple linear regression models.
Waste Management of Spent Petroleum Refinery Catalyst
Authors: Al-Zubaidi Isam , Yang Congning
Published: February 2022

Petroleum refinery uses many catalysts such as hydroprocessing catalyst HPC, fluid catalytic cracking catalyst FCCC, reforming catalyst RC, etc. During the refining processes, the catalysts are deactivated; the spent catalysts are regarded as hazardous toxic materials due to heavy metals, coke, other poisonous compounds, and hydrocarbons. Huge amount of spent catalysts SC is generated which is expected to increase with expansion capacities of available refineries processes. This paper is reviewing the mechanisms of refining catalyst and the deactivation processes and focusing on spent catalysts management. Management of spent catalyst includes four main options; select the catalysts which reduce the generation of SC by switching to more environment friendly, longer lifetime and less toxic catalyst during the refining process; regenerate the SC; and precious metal recovery should be explored and reuse for other applications. The selection can be based on many factors such as safety, environment, mobility, etc.
Evaluating Productivity Management of Materials Handling System at Mempeasem Gold Mine
Authors: Munyadzwe Desmond B. , Mamba Nonduduzo B. , Suglo Raymond Sogna
Published: February 2022

Productivity management in materials handling is critical to mining operations. Most open pit mines use modular dispatch systems to control and monitor the movement of their materials handling equipment and operations. Statistical methods can be used on the data collected by the dispatch systems to identify major losses in time, tonnage and finances in productivity management. In this study, three ranking methods (a base case and two modified ranking methods) were used to evaluate the significance of the deviation and correlation parameters in productivity losses. A load and haul productivity loss ranking model was developed using data obtained from Mempeasem Gold Mine’s from January to October 2018 and tested with data obtained in November 2018. The results show that the ranking model can be used in the analysis of production data over any period of time and that the model is applicable in the analysis of the performance of all types of discrete load and haul equipment (trucks and excavators), either operating individually or in combination. The ranking based on deviation values is useful for comparative purposes. However, the ranking based on reduced values is more useful in decision making processes as it enables mine operators to take mitigation measures according to the level of priority of each item. Decision makers could also use the suggested colour coding for easy identification of the priority losses.
Incised Valley Depositional System of the Cretaceous Yolde Formation of the Gongola Sub-basin Northern Benue Trough N.E. Nigeria
Authors: Bukar Shettima , Bukar Mohammed , Kuku Asabe , Shettima Bintu , Kamale Ishaku H.
Published: February 2022

This research was carried out in the Gongola Sub-basin of the Northern Benue Trough aimed at deciphering of the paleo-depositional environment of the Yolde Formation based on facies on facies analysis. Six lithofacies were identified to include trough crossbedded sandstone facies (St), massive bedded sandstone facies (Sm), planar crossbedded sandstone facies (Sp), ripple laminated sandstone facies (Sr), parallel sandstone facies (Sl) and mudstone facies (Fm). These build into two facies association of fluvial channel and tidally influenced fluvial channel facies associations. The fluvial successions typical characterizes the lower stratigraphic horizons and their contained dominances of trough crossbedded sandstone facies with high channel to overbank facies and contained mud-clast reflecting deep, high energy braided river system. The submergences of these channels by surging sea level rise generated the tidally influenced fluvial facies association and this package characteristically defines the upper interval stratigraphic architecture of this formation, displaying occasional bi-directional current system and abundant marine ichnogenera. This architectural symmetry is reflective of an incised valley fills, developing as a consequence of Cenomanian transgressive phase induced by the mid-Cretaceous global marine transgression.
Skeleton based Human Action Recognition using a Structured-Tree Neural Network
Authors: Khan Muhammad Sajid , Ware Andrew , Karim Misha , Bahoo Nisar , Khalid Muhammad Junaid
Published: February 2022

The ability for automated technologies to correctly identify a human’s actions provides considerable scope for systems that make use of human-machine interaction. Thus, automatic3D Human Action Recognition is an area that has seen significant research effort. In work described here, a human’s everyday 3D actions recorded in the NTU RGB+D dataset are identified using a novel structured-tree neural network. The nodes of the tree represent the skeleton joints, with the spine joint being represented by the root. The connection between a child node and its parent is known as the incoming edge while the reciprocal connection is known as the outgoing edge. The uses of tree structure lead to a system that intuitively maps to human movements. The classifier uses the change in displacement of joints and change in the angles between incoming and outgoing edges as features for classification of the actions performed
The Real Un?verse Model
Authors: Ahmedovich Mammadov Sabir
Published: February 2022

The developed cosmogonic theory and laws explain the objective solution of the problem of cosmogony - the universe, antiquity, solar system, planets and their satellites the origin and development, as well as their structure and chemical composition. At the same time, objective reasons for the formation of water and life in the solar system are given.
Cognitive Radio and Internet of Things
Authors: Khader Ammar Abdul-Hamed , Ayoub Zozan Azeez
Published: February 2022

Cognitive Radio (CR) and Internet of Things (IoT) is an effective step into the smart technology world. Several frameworks are proposed to build CR and IoT. The phases of the interconnection between IoT and CR is; spectrum sensing, spectrum sharing, and spectrum management. This paper presents a survey of CR based IoT and mentions some previous works. It highlights with details the spectrum sensing stage for both narrowband and wideband.
Modelling the Business-As-Usual Energy Scenario for the Albanian Household Sector
Authors: Maraj Altin
Published: February 2022

This paper shows the results obtained from the development of the Business-as-Usual Scenario for the household sector in Albania. Actually, this sector is the biggest consumer of electricity with 48% of the total provided in the last year. The modelling of the energy system is achieved through the utilization of the Low Emissions Analysis Platform. The performed analysis refers to a long-term period and is extended till 2050. Firstly, the tool is employed to forecast annual data for the population, economy, precipitation and average temperature. Secondly, the tool provided results related to the energy demand, GHG emissions and the fuel share referring to the household sector. The obtained results obtained from the simulation offer a clear view regarding the household sector in Albania in the future. For the year 2050, results that the energy demand in the household sector will rise to 1.449 MTOE/year and the electricity will provide 45.42 % of it. Also, the GHG emissions in the same year will be 3.348 Mt CO2,eq/year. It is noticed that biomass contribution in GHG emissions will be 76.9%.
Introduction into Extra Geometry of the Three-Dimensional Space II
Authors: Szalay Istvan , Szalay Balazs
Published: February 2022

Using the theory of exploded numbers by the axiom-systems of real numbers and Euclidean geometry, we introduce concept of extra - plane of the three-dimensional space. The extra - planes are visible subsets of super-planes which are exploded Euclidean planes. We investigate the main properties of extra-planes. We prove more similar properties of Euclidean planes and extra-planes, but with respect the parllelism there is an essential difference among them.
Robust Controller for Kaplan Hydroturbine Governor System Based on Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control (FTSMC)
Authors: Samba Aime Herve , Tamtsia Aurelien Yeremou , Nneme Leandre Nneme , Korassaï Korassaï
Published: February 2022

In this paper a fast terminal sliding mode control (FTSMC) is used for speed control of Kaplan hydroturbine governing system in the presence of load torque disturbance. The stability of the proposed controller is proved with the lyapunov function method.The results indicate that the proposed terminal sliding mode controllers not only have a faster response and allows to carry out high performances as well in precision   as in finite time of convergence. Moreover, the comparisons of the dynamic performances between the proposed fast terminal sliding mode controllers (FTSMC) and non-singular fast terminal sliding mode controllers (NSTSMC) , are discussed at the end of this paper, where the effectiveness and robustness superiority of the fast terminal sliding mode controller proposed also is been verified.
Sustainability and Environmental Awareness in the Ceramic Industry
Authors: Terjek Anita , Dudás Annamária
Published: February 2022

The choice of building materials is primarily based on technical, economic and aesthetic aspects, but environment impact cannot be ignored. The objective of this research was to assess the factors in the product development aiming to improve slipperiness of ceramic tile. Firing time and temperature representing 8 manufacturing scenarios were examined taking into account the change in glazing. Laboratory slip resistance and surface roughness tests were conducted. While optimizing surface properties, environmental performance of ceramic tile was investigated with the analysis of Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) focusing on manufacturing and maintenance of its life cycle. This methodology supports manufacturers to follow sustainability and to optimize design decisions. Referring to the Life Cycle Assessment of a building, the effect of a complex correlation system reveals a combination of technical, economic and environmental assessment.
Transformer Differential Protection
Authors: Onah Aniagboso John , Ezema Edwin Ejiofor
Published: February 2022

Overcurrent and earth fault protective equipment employing time grading and directional detection cannot provide correct discrimination on all power networks and in many cases clearing times for some faults would not be acceptable. Differential protection is an alternative overcurrent protective scheme, which is used to protect individual sections of networks or pieces of equipment, such as transformers, generators, e.t.c. Thus, where protection co-ordination is difficult using time delayed over current and earth fault protection, or where fast fault clearance is critical, then differential protection may be used. Kirchhoff’s first law, which states that the sum of the currents flowing to a node must be equal to the sum of the currents flowing out from it is the basic principle of the differential protection scheme. It detects the difference between the current entering a section and that leaving it. Under normal operating conditions, the current leaving the protected unit would be equal to that entering it at every instant. If the current flowing into the protected unit is the same as the current leaving, then the fault is not in the protected unit and the protective equipment or relay should not operate. If there is a difference in either the phase or magnitude between input and output, then the fault is in the protected unit and the protection should operate. This paper investigates how power transformers can be protected using the current-differential protection schemes.
Mixed Finite Element Matrix for Plate Bending Analysis Using Weighted-Residual Integral and Weak Formulation
Authors: Ahmed Abdarrhim Mohammed , Barony Saleh Y.
Published: February 2022

The Conventional  Finite Element Method for the analysis of plate bending based on a the principle of stationarity of total potential energy which is well known as Stiffness Formulation , using a variety of conformal and no-conformal elements was widely applicable in early of numerical solutions for such problems , later in order to improve the efficiency of such solutions , a more general and flexible formulation called Mixed Formulation based on variational  principles which can be regarded as an extension of  the Stiffness principle become important alternative. The explicit stiffness matrix for plate bending was given in the most if it`s not in all literatures so the reader can easy follow the solving procedure for such problems  and verifying any published results , however  such like-matrix (Augmented Matrix)  in case of mixed formulation  not given , at least for simple elements in the literatures as well as concerned researches . This quietly leads to some difficulties concerning the verification as well as understanding the published results. The main objective of this paper is to introduce this matrix in abbreviated size followed by a applicability  through a some detailed examples for some bending models. The derived matrix will be helpful subject of research work in addition to  , reveals a very good feeling with understanding and verification the published results in plus to comparing with the analytical solutions of different plate bending problems as the reader can do that.
Neutron Meta-Particles and their Decay as Viewed in the Planck Vacuum Theory
Authors: Daywitt William C.
Published: February 2022

The mean life of the free neutron is about fifteen minutes, after which it decays into a proton plus an electron and an electron-neutrino. According to the Planck vacuum (PV) theory, however, it is the neutron and ``antineutron" meta-particles (MP)s that decay, in roughly fifteen minutes, into the stable electron and proton cores. The electron and proton core spins remain constant during the transformations-so there is no need for the neutrino spin correction during the decay process, bringing into question the validity of the neutrino itself.
Women’s Behavioral Health in Relation to Premenstrual Syndrome
Authors: Javed Rabail , Haq Rukhama , Mubashir Dania , Nadeem Fatima , Ahmed Nadeem , Naz Shagufta
Published: February 2022

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a frequent illness that involves physical and traumatic symptoms. The study is conducted among the females of Pakistan to find out the factors which are associated with Premenstrual syndrome. The targeted population including married and unmarried females filled out a detailed questionnaire based on the symptoms that occur during PMS, their interpersonal relations and their dietary habits. The cortisol levels were calculated and its association was found with PMS. The most common symptoms were found to be fatigue, cramping, mood swings and depression. Fatigue was found to be 40% in married and 52% in unmarried females. The severity of depression was common in both married (20%) and unmarried (22%) females. The calorie intake and BMI was either too less or too high in the females having premenstrual syndrome.
Finite Element Analysis of Fiber Cement Corrugated Roofing Sheet under Bending
Authors: Okafor Vincent Chinedum , Ogunoh Peter E. , Okechukwu Ogochukwu C.
Published: February 2022

The study presents a numerical model for evaluation of the stresses in corrugated sheets under bending. The numerical analysis was performed from a three dimensional finite element model. From the analysis, the most intense tensional stress occurs in the trough and bottom surface of the corrugated sheet. While the most intense value of compressive stress occur in the crest and top surface of the sheet. Based on the principal stress contour diagram, the researcher also observed that the maximum uniformly distributed load carrying capacity of the fiber-cement corrugated sheet under bending, considering the linear material properties is 710N.
Mineralogical and Geotechnical Properties of Clay Minerals in Northern Borno, Nigeria
Authors: Adams Fatimoh Dupe , Bukar Shettima , Bukar Mohammed , Umdagas B. A.
Published: February 2022

Clay generally refers to either fine grained earth material with particle size of less than two micron (< 2 m) or group of hydrous aluminum silicate minerals that are characterized by sheet silicate structure of composite layers stacked along the C-axis. They are common deposits found in most geological setting like in fine grained sedimentary rocks such as shale, mudstone, and siltstone, in fine grained metamorphic slate and phyllite. The interest in clay deposits arises from its numerous uses of the mineral group and the behaviour of soils constituents when used as engineering soil and its resultant effects on engineering structures like roads, dams, bridges and houses. Evaluation of the soil properties of the Chad Formation indicated that the plasticity characteristics of the samples are of low to medium plasticity as indicated by matching the result with the DIN. chart. The results of free swell showed that the samples are susceptible to swelling when they absorbed water. The particle size distribution tests indicate that the percentage of fine (i.e. samples passing the 75µm sieve) is about 1.7 % implying that the grain sizes are within the texture of medium grain fraction
Analysis and Design of Steel a Floating Pontoon Jetty for Use in the Coastal Waters of Nigeria
Authors: Igwe Icho Seimokomoh , Ajoko Tolumoye John
Published: February 2022

Floating pontoons are semi-permanently moored structures on a water body to provide boarding access to commuters. The decision to develop such structures was informed by the need to provide berthing access to river crafts that operate on the coastal waters of Bayelsa State, Nigeria. In this project, a floating pontoon, a gangway, and other supporting structures like scantlings and spud pillars, were designed to meet the needs and environmental requirements of the area. Standards consulted are the DNV Rules for the classification of ships; DNV Rules for the classification of Floating Docks; ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Barges; and other relevant Nigeria and Imo standards. The pontoon designed has dimensions: 13 x 12 x 4.8 m; gross tonnage of 15 tonnes; 2nos. of dry tanks of capacity 17.2 m³ and 6nos. of manholes of 450 x 550 mm. The strength of materials analysis was limited to the floating pontoon for limitations of space for this paper. The pontoon and scantling design has been done based on the worst condition of design pressure which is for the maximum submersion draft. Normal grade steel of yield strength 235 MPa is chosen for all members except the pontoon girders, frames and pillars. This is to reduce the material scantlings and to ensure higher strength with lesser scantlings. Longitudinal framing is adopted in the pontoons as the pontoon structure needs more strength in the longitudinal direction.
Assessment of the suitability of reconfigurable design through simulation and decision trees
Authors: Ramirez  Guzman Ricardo Irving , Chew Hernández Mario Luis , Viveros Rosas Mtro. Leopoldo , Figueroa Ricardo Rodríguez
Published: February 2022

Positioning of the equipment of a manufacturing company is done foreseeing that it will remain fixed for a long time. This is because changes in the plant layout are thought to be costly, as they involve redesigning equipment support services, developing new foundations, using heavy machinery to move equipment, and causing non-productive time at the plant. However, the increased competition due to globalization, lead us to consider the alternative of making modifications to the layout more frequently to improve productivity. Changing the position of the equipment can be facilitated by specifying smaller mobile process equipment or by anticipating the availability of services at different points in the workshop and the existence of cranes or other means of transportation. These forecasts, logically, result in a greater investment in elements that, at least initially, do not generate any profit.

This work shows the evaluation of the feasibility of modifying the positions of the equipment when there are variations in the probability distribution in production speeds. This evaluation is carried out using decision trees and process simulation. The case study addressed consists of a generic production line with serial workstations. Jobs arrive at the first computer and join their product on hold if space is available, otherwise the job is lost. In the same way, the product on hold of the other teams are limited in size, and when a product on hold is full, the team behind stops until there is space available. Due to the use, the speeds of the equipment are changing with respect to the ones they had when new: the process times are increasing and / or becoming more variable. To improve productivity under the new process speeds, the space between the equipment can be modified, however, during this change, production must be suspended.

This work shows how, by simulating processes and decision trees, it is possible to determine the ranges of values ??of the suspension time and the cost of transport for which it is convenient to make changes in the spacing of the equipment.
Control of the Water Quality of Antsidihy Lake Located in the District of Nosy-Be, Diana Region (Madagascar)
Authors: Razafitsiferana Théophile , Razanamparany Bruno
Published: February 2022

For physical parameters: Conductivity the value found is 1031 µS / cm the limit value 100- 1000 µS / cm, the turbidity the value found is 0.78 NTU the maximum value <5 NTU, the pH is 6.96 the limit value between 6.5 - 9 and the temperature is 21 °C the maximum value <25 °C. So for the physical parameters perfectly meet the standards required for water intended for human consumption. For chemical parameters: the mineralization the concentration is 955 mg / L the limit concentration 1000 mg / L, the total hardness is 18.3 °f the maximum concentration 50 °f, the calcium is 20 mg / L the maximum concentration 100mg / L, magnesium is 1.46 mg / L the limit concentration 50 mg / L, potassium is 5.5 mg / L the required concentration <12 mg / L, sodium is 80.5 mg / L the limit concentration 200 mg / L, Chlorides is 124.5 mg / L the maximum concentration <250 mg / L, the iron is 0.015 mg / L the required concentration <0.02 mg / L and the Lead is 0, 01 mg / L the limit concentration 0.05 mg / L. For the chemical parameters the concentrations found are acceptable for international standards, despite the insufficiency of some concentrations compared to international standards, such as magnesium, potassium and calcium. For microbiological parameters: microorganisms at 36 °C is 1.005 NPP / mL compared to standards <100mL, Coliform bacteria is 0, Escherichia Coli is 0 and Intestinal enterococci is 0, the requirements for water intended for human consumption is zero. So the microbiological parameters of Antsidihy Lake water perfectly meet the standard required for drinking water.
Design of Potential SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitor
Authors: Amaku F. J. , Otuokere I. E. , Igwe K. K. , Ikpeazu O. V.
Published: February 2022

This computational study comprises of pharmacophore-base virtual screening of the ZINC database, molecular docking of predicted ligands (pharmacophore agent) against the target protein, SARS-CoV-2 (PDB ID: 5r7y) and the prediction of ADMET descriptors using Swiss ADME and PROTOX-II online web servers.  Meanwhile,  remdesivir, ZINC72392503, ZINC72809903, ZINC06560017, ZINC76101700, ZINC88423098 and ZINC91600695 had a docking scores of -2.0 Kcal/mol, -6.7 Kcal/mol, -6.4 Kcal/mol, -6.0 Kcal/mol, -6.0 Kcal/mol, -6.0 Kcal/mol and-6.0 Kcal/mol respectively.  Meanwhile, ZINC72392503 was selected as the lead molecule and was observed to interact with LUE 27, THR 25, CYS 145, THR 26, SER 46, GLY 143, ASN 142, HIS 163, HIS 41, MET 165, GLU 166, ARG 188, GLN 189, HIS 41, MET 49, SER 46 amino acids.  The ADME descriptor revealed that the lead molecule was soluble, druggable, void of drug-drug interaction that may inhibit essential enzymatic reaction and was noticed to fall into PROTOX-II toxicity class 3.  The lead molecule showed a good affinity for the target protein of SARS-CoV-2, hence, may have a physiological implication that can inhibit a protein responsible for the replication of SARS-CoV-2.
Design and Simulation of Air Conditioning System in a Large Auditorium Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Abu Rahaman , Oladejo K. A. , Popoola A. O. , Oriolowo K. T. , Odunfa K. M.
Published: February 2022

Air conditioning system is an indispensable part of buildings today. The cost of this system increases with the rise in energy consumption which poses a challenge as well as air distribution in large auditoria. Analysis of results can also be daunting when designing this system. The study focuses on designing an air conditioning system in a large auditorium, applying Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and visualizing the result in a Virtual Reality (VR) environment. The 3-dimensional model of the 520-capacity Technology Lecture Theatre, University of Ibadan, Nigeria was drawn with Autodesk Revit and modified into the geometry applicable for Displacement Ventilation (DV) and Mixed Ventilation (MV) for ease of numerical analysis with ANSYS Fluent. The building model and simulation results were then imported into Unity software for visualization in VR. The DV achieved better thermal comfort and air distribution in the computer simulation. At a supply temperature of 292.15 K, the DV system was able to keep the auditorium temperature at about 296.50 K, while the MV system at a supply temperature of 289.15 K was only able to maintain the temperature at 295.40 K. The temperature profile showed that the lower region where the students were seated was colder in DV compared to MV by at least 3 K. The results were also observed from a convenient position in VR. This study, with the aid of CFD and VR, was able to establish that displacement ventilation design has better air flow, lower energy consumption and is efficient for an air conditioning system in a large auditorium.
Causes of Delayed Payment in Construction Project in Nigeria
Authors: Odenigbo Onyekachukwu G. , Odusami Koleola T , Okolie Kevin C. , Okafor Vincent C.
Published: February 2022

Delay in payment to contactors and other relevant parties have caused serious problem on the successful execution of construction projects in the country. It causes several problems to the contractor and other participants. The aim of this study is to determine the causes of delayed payments in the construction industry. The objective of this study is to identify the causes of delayed payment. In order to obtain valid data for the study, questionnaires were designed and distributed to a randomly selected sample of one hundred individuals among contractors, subcontractors, consultant and clients in the Nigerian construction industry. In total, eighty five completed questionnaires were returned and then analysed statistically. The total mean score was used to determine the ranking of the results of the study. Client’s disagreeing on the valuation of work done, slow processing of variation orders and poor quality of works were the major causes of delayed payment identified in the study. It was recommended that the stakeholders should work as a team in the execution of project to avoid bottlenecks usually encountered in agreeing contractors? payment. In conclusion, if the necessary action can be enforced, the problem of delayed payment can be reduced drastically.
Normality Testing for Vectors on Perceptron Layers
Authors: Karaki Youmna Shawki , Kaubasa Halina , Ivanov Nick
Published: February 2022

Designing optimal topology of network graph is one of the most prevalent issues in neural network applications. Number of hidden layers, number of nodes in layers, activation functions, and other parameters of neural networks must suit the given data set and the prevailing problem. Massive learning datasets prompt a researcher to exploit probability methods in an attempt to find optimal structure of a neural network. Classic Bayesian estimation of network hyperparameters assumes distribution of specific random parameters to be Gaussian. Multivariate Normality Analysis methods are widespread in contemporary applied mathematics. In this article, the normality of probability distribution of vectors on perceptron layers was examined by the Multivariate Normality Test. Ten datasets from University of California, Irvine were selected for the computing experiment. The result of our hypothesis on Gaussian distribution is negative, ensuring that none of the set of vectors passed the criteria of normality.
Indirect Estimator of Speed for a DC Motor Embedded in an Automotive Combustion Engine
Authors: Bressan Paulo , Da Costa Cesar
Published: February 2022

This paper develops an estimator of speeds indirect for a DC motor embedded in an electrical water pump installed in internal combustion engines. The benefit of this technique is that the estimation framework doesn't require a dynamometer or machine-like coupling. The test results were based on the Motor Current Signal Analysis (MCSA) technique that is commonly used in an AC motor and has a great performance for measuring the rotational speed of electric motors. Two tests were used, one with DC motors using a dynamometer to validate the indirect reading of the rotation and another using the indirect estimator of speed developed in this work. This technique had positive results, regardless of the type of current sensor used. The preliminary outcomes from a research center model were introduced to justify the practicality of the proposed estimator of speed.
Mathematics for the Imaginary Number i
Authors: Lopez Andri
Published: February 2022

The only objective of this work is to: determine a function that of origin to the value of ?-1 and, define the segment represent this magnitude of ?-1. For this it is necessary the rule and compass.
Impact of Node Density and Buffer Size on DTN Routing Protocols with Energy Efficiency
Authors: Khan Md. Khalid Mahbub , Kawsaruzzaman Kawsaruzzaman , Rahman Md. Mahbubur , Imtiaz Al- , Imtiaz Al-
Published: February 2022

Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) architecture comprises of portable devices known as nodes, considered a resource-limited networking system. These nodes in DTN utilize the ‘Store Carry and Forward’ approach to route data since the end to end connections are absent here due to a large number of constant intermittent connectivity. The energy quantity of nodes is restricted because limited-lifetime rechargeable batteries drive them. Accordingly, energy is an essential resource in DTN scenarios. For efficient network performance, including proper energy usage, nodes need to expense a minimum amount of energy. For this reason, it is essential to select an energy-efficient forwarding strategy and exhibit excellent performance among existent forwarding approaches in the DTN environment for routing messages effectively. In this paper, we have studied the energy efficiency of conventional DTN routing protocols: Epidemic, Spray and Wait, Spray and Focus, MaxProp, and PRoPHET on the impact of varying both buffer size and node density. We analyzed their energy consumption and compared their performance based on five performance metrics: average remaining energy, delivery ratio, average delay, transmission cost, and average hop count, respectively. Using ONE simulator, we performed a simulation with varying node density (while buffer size is fixed) and varying buffer size (while node density is fixed). From the outcomes of simulation, we found that Spray and Wait are the most energy-efficient DTN routing protocols. On the contrary, Spray and Focus possessed as the best performer in terms of average hop count, average delay, delivery ratio and transmission cost among conventional DTN routing protocols.
Review of Nigeria’s Petroleum Industry Bill (PIB)
Authors: Amadi Azubuike Hope , Ola Victor D. , Ayoola John O.
Published: February 2022

Since the discovery of Crude Oil in 1875, the Petroleum Industry has gradually improved in value due to the series of valuable products gotten from crude oil. The significant impact of crude oil as a source of energy has made exportation and importation of this mineral a lucrative business around the world, having turned to be the major source of revenue for most producing countries. Crude oil has contributed to about 80% of Nigerian Government revenue and foreign exchange since 1958, making it a key player in the economic plan of the country. Its importance in Nigeria has made the Legislature introduce lots of policies and laws governing the Oil and Gas business in the country. However, Nigerians with different views over the years have clamored for an improvement of these policies to enable the benefits of Her resources fairly get to the grassroots, producing communities and states while improving foreign investment policies in the country. These demands led to the introduction of the Petroleum Industry Bill (PIB) in the year 2000. This research work attempts to review and offer recommendations for improvements to avoid future litigations, violence, conflicts, and industry fragility. This work will also elaborate on different steps taken by the Nigerian Government over the years to implement this bill, challenges faced by the Government and International Oil Companies (IOCs), Government and its citizens, and anomalies seen in the bill up till status quo.
Rain–Induced Flood Prediction for Niger Delta Sub-Region of Nigeria Using Neural Networks
Authors: Kabari Ledisi Giok , Mazi Young Claudius
Published: February 2022

Climate change generates so many direct and indirect effects on the environment.  Some of those effects have serious consequences. Rain-induced flooding is one of the direct effects of climate change and its impact on the environment is usually devastating and worrisome. Floods are one of the most commonly occurring disasters and have caused significant damage to life, including agriculture and economy. They are usually caused in areas where there is excessive downpour and poor drainage systems. The study uses Feedforward Multilayer Neural Network to perform short-term prediction of the amount of rainfall flood for the Niger Delta   sub region of Nigeria given previous rainfall data for a specified period of time. The data for training and testing of the Neural Network was sourced from Weather Underground official web site https://www.wunderground.com.  An iterative Methodology was used and implemented in MATLAB. We adopted multi-layer Feedforward Neural Networks. The study accurately predicts the rain-induced flood for the Niger Delta   sub region of Nigeria.
Optimal Aqueous Extraction Conditions as A Green Technique for Recovery of Phenolic Antioxidants from Robusta Dried Coffee Pulp
Authors: Tran Thy Minh Kieu , Akanbi Taiwo , Kirkman Timothy , Nguyen Minh Huu , Vuong Quan Van
Published: February 2022

Coffee pulp, a by-product of coffee processing, contains high level of flavonoids and other phenolic compounds. This by-product also contains high levels of other bioactive compounds such as chlorogenic acids and caffeine, which can be potentially recovered for further applications. This study used water as an inexpensive green solvent, for the maximum recovery of phenolics, major bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity from coffee pulp. Recovery yield from optimal aqueous extraction was compared with organic solvent extraction. The results showed that temperature, extraction time and solid/solvent ratio significantly affected recovery yields from coffee pulp (P<0.05). Optimal aqueous extraction conditions were 100 °C, 60 min and the ratio of sample to solvent 1:100 g/mL. Under these optimal conditions, recovery yields were similar to those of 50% aqueous acetone extraction. Recovery yields were significantly higher than pure acetone, methanol and ethanol as well as methanol and ethanol in combination with water (50% v/v). Therefore, these optimal aqueous conditions are recommended for recovery of bioactive compounds from coffee pulp for further applications.
Effect of Sulfur Levels and Number of Cuttings on Characteristics and the Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgaire L)
Authors: Al-Karkhi Ahmed Ali
Published: February 2022

Objective: Barley Hordeum vulgaire L is an important grain crop, and is grown in large areas all over the world. The experiment aims to study the effect of different levels of fertilizer from agricultural sulfur (0, 1500, 3000, and 4500 kg) S / H, and the number of cuttings (without cut, one cut, and cut twice) on the yield and quality of green forage and grain yield for barley crop Iba 99.

Material and Methods: In this experiment, randomized whole section design was used in the arrangement of splinter panels - splinter with three replicates, sulfur levels for the secondary plates and the number of cuttings in the sub-plot plates.

Results: The addition of agricultural sulfur at the level (4500 kg S / H) resulted in a significant increase in the following characteristics: - plant height, number of tillers / m2, number of spikes / m2 and grain yield. Whereas the sulfur level (3000 kg S / E) resulted in a significant increase in the two green forage yields and the number of grains / spike when added and for the first and second seasons in succession.

Conclusion: Sulfur has significant effect on plant height and a significant effect of interference between sulfur levels and the number of leaves and number of tillers /m2, but it has no effect on the percentage of protein matter in green forage. The increase on sulfur has a significant effect on spike and gave the highest rate (509.4 spike / m2), and increase the protein level in grain to the highest rate 16.95.