bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’évolution du système des partis : du tripartisme d’antan au pluripartisme d’aujourd’hui
Authors: Vaillant Jérôme
Published: June 2020

La République fédérale d’Allemagne a connu jusqu’au début des années 1980 un système tripartite dans lequel le petit parti libéral FDP assurait à l’un des deux autres grands partis – les chrétiens-démocrates ou les sociaux-démocrates – l’exercice du pouvoir, à l’exception de la période 1966-1069 pendant laquelle le pays a connu une première grande coalition associant les deux grands partis. Les trois partis représentaient à eux seuls la quasi-totalité des électeurs. Un premier changement est intervenu avec l’entrée des Verts au Bundestag en 1983. Lors de l’unification en 1990, ce système des partis ouest-allemand a intégré sans difficultés majeures les partis de l’ancienne RDA, en particulier le parti-postcommuniste PDS qui incarnait l’identité de la RDA disparue. Le changement le plus notable depuis 1990 est l’entrée au Bundestag du parti d’extrême-droite Alternative pour l’Allemagne (AfD) en 2017, une première dans l’histoire depuis 1949. L’Allemagne dispose ainsi d’un système à six partis fondé sur un mode de scrutin à la proportionnelle tempéré par la clause exclusive des 5 % qui a permis à tous les grands courants politiques d’être représentés au parlement. L’accroissement du nombre des partis a certes rendu la formation de gouvernements de coalition au niveau fédéral plus difficile et plus longue mais, au-delà d’inévitables péripéties, sans toutefois l’empêcher. Les Länder sont de leur côté un champ d’expérimentation politique où les partis forment les coalitions les plus différentes, tous les partis devenant un partenaire potentiel pour les autres dans le cadre d’une coalition de gouvernement, à l’exception toutefois de l’AfD avec lequel l’ensemble des autres partis refuse de coopérer, une ostracisation du parti Die Linke, issu du PDS, n’intervenant que de la part des chrétiens-démocrates et des libéraux. L’article analyse les fragmentations et scissions au sein de l’AfD, parti né en 2013 du rejet de l’euro puis qui a grandi, avec la crise migratoire de 2015, en adoptant des positions xénophobes et islamophobes. L’Afd hésite aujourd’hui entre recherche d’une respectabilité bourgeoise pour se poser en partenaire potentiel des chrétiens-démocrates et radicalisation extrémiste de droite, les deux positions étant difficilement conciliables.
30 ans de politique étrangère allemande. Entre volonté de continuité et tiraillement inévitable
Authors: Stark Hans
Published: June 2020

Nombreux furent les témoins et observateurs de la chute du Mur et de l’unification en 1989 et 1990 qui s’attendaient à voir l’Allemagne, une fois réunifiée, renouer avec une politique de puissance et de domination, au moins partiellement inspirée du passé. Trente ans plus tard, force et de constater qu’ils se sont largement trompés. Certes, l’Allemagne occupe de nouveau une place centrale en Europe. En tant que première puissance économique et commerciale de l’UE, elle occupe une place de premier rang au sein de l’Union. Mais elle n’a pas su ni voulu s’affirmer sur le plan militaire ou géopolitique, préférant un rôle de puissance civile, largement imprégnée des principes du multilatéralisme, à un leadership unilatéraliste. Sa culture de la retenue a certes diminué les craintes qui se sont exprimées il y a trente ans. En revanche, les partenaires de l’Allemagne, confrontés à un environnement international fracturé et incertain, attendent de l’Allemagne qu’elle assume ses responsabilités sur le plan international, y compris en matière de sécurité et de défense. Mais aussi, en tant que puissance économique, pour venir en aide aux Etats membres les plus fragiles de l’UE.
L’Allemagne et la mondialisation : une position forte mais vulnérable
Authors: Uterwedde Henrik
Published: June 2020

Le positionnement de l’Allemagne dans l’économie mondiale est au centre de cette contribution. Le cheminement de l’économie allemande des trente dernières années fait ressortir des succès incontestables mais aussi des zones d’ombre, à savoir certains problèmes et faiblesses non résolus, qui font partie des défis auxquels les acteurs politiques et économiques devront apporter des réponses. Avec ses répercussions économiques mondiales, la pandémie Covid-19 constitue un nouveau choc pour l’Allemagne, qui connaîtra comme ses voisins une récession sévère en 2020, mais aussi pour la mondialisation, qui se trouve mise en cause de toutes parts. Pourtant, si le débat allemand exprime un certain nombre de critiques pertinentes, il semble que les acteurs penchent vers des adaptations graduelles mais non pas vers des ruptures. Toujours est-il que la pandémie fait ressortir de nouveau la base fragile du modèle allemand malgré tous ses succès : Basé essentiellement sur les exportations, il est particulièrement vulnérable aux perturbations économiques internationales ; ses excédents commerciaux répétés sont critiqués comme un facteur de déstabilisation des échanges économiques internationaux. Ceci montre à quel point la situation de gagnant de la mondialisation comporte aussi une responsabilité particulière, voire un devoir de solidarité. À l’échelle de l’Union européenne, après quelques balbutiements initiaux, il semble que l’Allemagne ait pris la mesure de cette responsabilité, en s’engageant activement avec ses partenaires, notamment la France, en faveur d’une stratégie européenne commune, avec de nouveaux mécanismes forts de solidarité financière.
Habitat déconnecté, habitat reconnecté–architecture du logement et transition numérique
Authors: Raducanu Vinicius
Published: June 2020

La transition numérique dans l’habitat engendre des glissements, résistances et ruptures dans les sphères de la construction et des usages. Par rapport à l’édifice matériel, sont interrogés la relation à la commande et à l’automatisme, le rôle du numérique dans la régulation bioclimatique des bâtiments performants et les différences entre industries du bâtiment et du numérique en termes de série et rapport à la réglementation. L’habitat collectif, formaté par son modèle économique, doit s’adapter aux nouveaux paradigmes comme le télétravail et le numérique dans les usages. Des actualisations typologiques, une re-sociabilisation et une re-matérialisation de l’architecture sont proposées dans un exercice critique et éthique entre continuité et innovation.
Les objets communicants du quotidien au service du mieux-vivre
Authors: Menassel Mei , Fragomeli Veronica
Published: June 2020

Avec l’évolution constante des technologies, les frontières homme/objets se brouillent et donnent naissance à une forme de créativité relationnelle . Cet article questionne les changements opérés par l’arrivée des objets communicants dans la sphère privée et leurs incidences sur le mieux-vivre. Il a pour ambition de formaliser des réflexions sur les objets communicants et les pratiques qui en découlent. Nous débuterons notre réflexion par une photographie actuelle des objets communicants évoluant dans la sphère privée. Nous établirons ensuite, une classification des formes relationnelles générées au sein de l’habitat. Nous terminerons avec un parallèle entre ces formes relationnelles et les perspectives d’un mieux-vivre.
Design de connaissances dans l’Internet des Objets : Blockchain et réfrigérateur connecté
Authors: Szoniecky Samuel , Amri Toumia
Published: June 2020

L’Internet des Objets prend place dans notre quotidien mais de nombreux utilisateurs ne comprennent pas leurs relations et interactions avec ces objets. Nous partons de l’hypothèse que des représentations dynamiques et interactives du pouvoir d’agir des utilisateurs et de ces objets sont un moyen pour mieux comprendre de quoi ces dispositifs sont capables. Pour ce faire, nous concevons un dispositif de gestion des connaissances sécurisé et respectueux de la vie privée dans l’environnement des objets connectés. Nous analyserons l’exemple d’un réfrigérateur connecté pour comprendre comment utiliser la Blockchain afin de développer des Innovations Sociales Numériques.
Quand l’architecture et la ville deviennent intelligentes : exploration des discours numériques
Authors: Colomb Valérie , Dymytrova Valentyna
Published: June 2020

Adoptant une approche sémio-discursive, cet article analyse la mise en signification du bâtiment/maison intelligent(e) dans les discours sur le web. Ces analyses sont contextualisées par un travail sur des rapports institutionnels autour de nouveaux modèles de développement urbain. Si le discours institutionnel inscrit la smart city dans l’objectif plus large de la ville durable, sur le web, le bâtiment/maison intelligent(e) est considéré comme premières briques de la smart city, hautement technologique et centralisée où l’humain peine à trouver sa place. Les décalages entre ces corpus mettent en évidence une lutte symbolique, en cours, pour la production de discours sur l’avenir de la ville.
Mettre en scène l’enquête en sciences sociales : formes et enjeux de la valorisation artistique des travaux de recherche
Authors: Macchi Odile
Published: June 2020

Parmi les productions théâtrales déployant une écriture scénique des sciences sociales, certaines privilégient l’exposition du processus de recherche, en particulier au travers de la restitution de l’enquête de terrain. En s’appuyant sur la démarche de la compagnie Si et seulement Si, tout en la resituant dans un paysage plus large de spectacles issus de la collaboration entre artistes et chercheurs en sciences sociales autour de l’enquête, l’article décrit les traits spécifiques de cette écriture dramaturgique du social et la façon dont elle peut constituer un mode alternatif de présentation de la recherche. Cette démarche modifie tant le rapport du public aux travaux d’histoire et de sciences sociales que le rapport du chercheur qui y participe à son travail, propre à interroger et stimuler l’écriture scientifique.
« Là est son gibier ». Achoppements théoriques et pratiques d’un historien écrivain
Authors: Pattieu Sylvain
Published: June 2020

Je fais retour sur la façon dont je suis devenu historien et romancier, en distinguant les pratiques et les finalités de ces deux activités. Mes romans s’inscrivent non pas dans la soumission de résultats à la communauté scientifique sur la base de procédures partagées, mais dans l’espace de la production de littérature française contemporaine. Ils participent d’un secteur éditorial et artistique bien précis, qui possède une certaine autonomie, a une histoire, n’est pas constitué par des règles aussi précisément définies que l’espace de l’histoire universitaire, connaît néanmoins une certaine organisation et hiérarchisation. Il s’agit donc d’un geste artistique, orienté, entre autres éléments, par ma profession historienne, sans s’y résumer, tout en s’inscrivant dans une économie et une histoire bien différentes de la discipline historique.
Écrire pour le (grand) public sans renoncer aux pairs : trois expériences de revues en ligne
Authors: Brodiez-Dolino Axelle , Ruiz Émilien , Delalande Nicolas , Bellanger Emmanuel , Vorms Charlotte , Poublanc Sébastien
Published: June 2020

Les revues en ligne et en libre accès connaissent depuis dix ans un réel dynamisme, qui se manifeste tant par la hausse du nombre de revues et d’articles consultés que par leur inventivité et leur attractivité – et ce, auprès des chercheurs comme du grand public. Pour mieux comprendre ce phénomène, qui implique une adaptation des écritures académiques, démultiplie l’audience potentielle des chercheurs et interroge les modèles économiques classiques de l’édition des revues scientifiques, trois publications pluridisciplinaires et en libre accès ont répondu à notre invitation : La Vie des idées , Métropolitiques et Mondes sociaux . Elles atteignent un lectorat sans commune mesure avec les tirages papier (par ailleurs en baisse) des revues classiques : plus de 450 000 visiteurs uniques par mois pour La Vie des idées et 20 000 à 30 000 pour Mondes sociaux  ; 4 500 par jour en moyenne pour Métropolitiques . Quels sont leurs objectifs et leur modèle économique ? Quelle place y représente l’histoire, en particulier l’histoire sociale contemporaine ? Quel est leur lectorat – et celui-ci est-il en accord avec les visées initiales ? Quelles sont les clés d’un article à succès ? Est-ce valorisant pour un chercheur d’y publier ? Ont-elles recours à une écriture si différente des revues académiques classiques ? Comment élargir le public des sciences humaines et sociales tout en conservant ce qui fait leur spécificité en termes de démonstration, de rigueur et d’investigation empirique ? Autant de questions auxquelles cet entretien croisé vise à répondre.
Les Français, la mémoire de la Grande Guerre et son centenaire
Authors: Prost Antoine
Published: June 2020

La Grande Guerre reste la plus grande épreuve subie par la France depuis la Révolution. L’ampleur de ses commémorations le confirme. Celles-ci s’inscrivent dans un temps plus long : depuis plus de vingt ans, la présence de cette guerre se renforçait dans la société et, grâce aux immenses ressources documentaires mises en ligne, des conversations se développaient sur le Web, débordant souvent l’histoire familiale. La commémoration a mobilisé sous des formes diverses de multiples acteurs ; les mémoires familiales et locales se sont exprimées comme les composantes d’une mémoire nationale et les manifestations officielles leur ont donné une place. Le recours à l’histoire a enrichi et consolidé ces mémoires, mais elles font de la guerre un moment exceptionnel de souffrance et de deuil dont on ne voit plus les raisons.
Reliability Analysis of Mofor Injection Substation
Authors: Ayamolowo Oladimeji Joseph , Salau Ayodeji Olalekan
Published: June 2020

Failure of power system components cause undue interruptions to Power Supply thereby affecting the Overall System reliability. Consequently, Power system reliability assessment is important for high-quality and continuous power delivery to consumers. This chapter presents the reliability assessment of Mofor Injection Substation. The performance evaluation of Mofor Injection Substation is evaluated using various system parameters which regulate the operation of the Substation. Statistical data from January, 2017 to December, 2017 were used to analyze the Substation. The results gave a power availability index (ASAI) of 0.7683796 and 0.768968 for Ekete and Orhuworun substation, respectively, due to the unavailability of strategically placed distributed generators (DGs). The aforementioned reliability result revealed that the power distribution at Mofor Injection Substation can be said to be unreliable, inefficient, undesirable, and Unstable.
Energy Audit and Reliability Analysis of Afe Babalola University Power Distribution System
Authors: Ayamolowo Oladimeji Joseph , Salau Ayodeji Olalekan
Published: June 2020

Energy audit and reliability assessment of distribution systems are important to keep track of power system's performance. It helps to minimize power interruptions to customers, boost industrialization, research, and economic development in any country or community. This chapter presents the reliability assessment of power distribution systems in Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. A critical assessment of the power distribution process was carried out with data obtained from the central Substation, taking into account various reliability indices. Furthermore, the load consumption of each substation was considered for the period of January to December, 2017. The results obtained show that the University attained a power availability (ASAI) of 0.99984 because of the presence of strategically placed distributed generators (DGs). The reliability assessment revealed SAIDI as 1.4347 hours/customer year, CAIDI as 0.6620 hours/customer interruption, ASUI as 0.00016, and SAIFI as 2.16712 failures/ customer year.
A State of the Art on Big Data With Semantic Web Technologies
Authors: Singh Satyaveer , Aswal Mahendra Singh
Published: June 2020

We live in a digital world where a large amount of data is being generated rapidly by various diverse sources with an unprecedented rate. The term Big Data has been coined to represent a large amount of data. But Big Data could not be processed and analysed by traditional database management systems. A number of challenges such as data heterogeneity and diversity are being faced by enterprises due to high volume, variety, and velocity of Big Data. Since the past few years, some research efforts have been attempted to integrate semantic web technologies such as ontologies with Big Data. This integration is paving the way to deal with various issues that are related to the processing of Big Data. This chapter firstly uncovers the fundamentals of Big Data, its characteristics and opportunities, challenges, related current tools, and technologies. Secondly, it tries to highlight the integration of Big Data with semantic web technologies. The promising research is going on to tackle volume and velocity of Big Data by using semantic technologies.
Sports Management, Project Management, and Sports Event Management
Authors: Fotiadis Anestis
Published: June 2020

Event management requires the use of project management and organizational skills to envision, plan, and execute social and business events. It involves studying the brand, identifying its target audience, devising the event concept, and coordinating the technical aspects before actually launching the event. Individuals who develop expertise in event management work in principle with budgets, schedules, and vendors and third-party service providers, and community stakeholders guaranty that they create successful events that meet the needs of their organization or the expectations of their client.
Different Types of Sport Events
Authors: Vassiliadis Chris A. , Fotiadis Anestis
Published: June 2020

The chapter shows the variety of sporting events and hints at the potential of developing these alternative activities. In order to pursue the above objective of the chapter, the various criteria for categorizing sporting events are presented first. The chapter then focuses on providing relevant examples to inform the reader about the practices and trends of sporting events that are prevalent internationally. The reality of the emergence of a variety of sporting events and activities locally and internationally is an element of interpretation of modern lifestyles. At the same time, a careful study and analysis of the varieties and types of sports, facilitates managers, and designers of sports activities and sports programs at a visitor destination is presented to identify easily opportunities for their development and exploitation.
Small-Scale Sport Events and Local Community Perceptions
Authors: Seraphin Hugues , Korstanje Maximiliano
Published: June 2020

With issues related to overtourism and, more specifically, tourismphobia, the impacts of any tourism-related activities are being scrutinised. Events falling under this category are therefore being scrutinised. Community events having been hailed to contribute to bridge the gap between locals and visitors, this chapter is going to look at small scale events and, more specifically, community sport event in Winchester (UK). Research carried by Seraphin et al. provided evidence that locals are overall very supportive of events going on in the city. That said, the research did not look at types of events, but events overall. This chapter is therefore going to provide a close up on a specific type of event in Winchester. The results of the findings of small-scale sport events in Winchester will be compared to the findings of Seraphin et al. that are an overall analysis of the Winchester context with regards to events.
A Survey of Fast Flux Botnet Detection With Fast Flux Cloud Computing
Authors: Al-Nawasrah Ahmad , Almomani Ammar Ali , Atawneh Samer , Alauthman Mohammad
Published: June 2020

A botnet refers to a set of compromised machines controlled distantly by an attacker. Botnets are considered the basis of numerous security threats around the world. Command and control (C&C) servers are the backbone of botnet communications, in which bots send a report to the botmaster, and the latter sends attack orders to those bots. Botnets are also categorized according to their C&C protocols, such as internet relay chat (IRC) and peer-to-peer (P2P) botnets. A domain name system (DNS) method known as fast-flux is used by bot herders to cover malicious botnet activities and increase the lifetime of malicious servers by quickly changing the IP addresses of the domain names over time. Several methods have been suggested to detect fast-flux domains. However, these methods achieve low detection accuracy, especially for zero-day domains. They also entail a significantly long detection time and consume high memory storage. In this survey, we present an overview of the various techniques used to detect fast-flux domains according to solution scopes, namely, host-based, router-based, DNS-based, and cloud computing techniques. This survey provides an understanding of the problem, its current solution space, and the future research directions expected.
SCEF: A Model for Prevention of DDoS Attacks From the Cloud
Authors: Shidaganti Ganeshayya Ishwarayya , Inamdar Amogh Shreedhar , Rai Sindhuja V. , Rajeev Anagha M.
Published: June 2020

Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks are some of the biggest threats to network performance and security today. With the advent of cloud computing, these attacks can be performed remotely on rented virtual machines (VMs), potentially increasing their capabilities and making them harder to trace and mitigate, and negatively affecting the cloud service provider as well. By analyzing packet transmission statistics, attacks can be detected on a virtual machine monitor (VMM) that controls the behavior of the VMs. This article proposes a solution to stop such detected attacks from the source, and analyses solutions proposed for a few different types of such attacks. The authors propose a model called selective cloud egress filter (SCEF) which implements specific modules to deal with detected attacks. If an attack is detected, the SCEF relays information to the VMM about which VMs are participating in the attack, allowing for specific corrective action.
Factors Influencing Web Accessibility of Corporate Information
Authors: Singh Harmandeep , Singh Arwinder
Published: June 2020

With the rapidly growing demand for corporate information from the external stakeholders, the Internet is a crucial instrument for meeting the required information. The web-based disclosure is an improvised version of the traditional form of disclosure with enhanced technology. In spite of that, web-based disclosure is the most prevalent form of business communication, and the accessibility of corporate information on webpages is a concern area for the organization. Thus, this article is an attempt to study the web accessibility of corporate information disclosed by 100 large BSE listed Indian companies and also to identify the firm determinants that affect the web accessibility of corporate information. The study reveals that the web-accessibility of the company website is increased with company size and company listing age. It also shows that companies with a low market risk have more concerns for the web accessibility of corporate information. The results of the study are helpful for the organizations to make policies for the advancement of web accessibility on the webpages.
Factors Influencing the Intention of International Students to Shop Online in China
Authors: Mensah Isaac Kofi
Published: June 2020

This article explores the factors for determining the intention of international students to shop online in China. The data for this study was acquired through a questionnaire. The UTAUT was used as the theoretical framework for this study and the data analysis was conducted using SPSS. The results indicated that while performance expectancy was significant in influencing the intention to shop online, effort expectancy does not. Also, while social influence does not determine the intention to shop online, it was however significant in predicting trust in the Internet. Furthermore, perceived risk, internet self-efficacy, and culture were all significant predictors of the intention to shop online. Perceived service quality and trust in the Internet were not significant determinants of the intention to shop online. The implications of these and other findings of this study are discussed.
How to Humanize Technology in Smart Cities
Authors: Weinstein Zvi
Published: June 2020

The article describes a personal point of view on the relationships between technology innovations in smart cities and how they are used for the benefits of the residents. Are they technologically or humanly characterized? Are we able to humanize technology for the need of the residents? Addressing my point of view, first of all, I have to confess that I belong to the “x” generation and therefore a gap divides me from updated technologies that are born almost every minute around the globe. Second, this is not a research paper or data analysis. Third, an additional set of questions will focus on the direction/s technology is pushing the interfaces with city residents. The paper argues that citizen-centered humanized approach for the future of smart cities is needed for shifting technology- centered to human and social considerations
Learning Outcomes of a Blended Learning System for Green Food and Beverage Education
Authors: Wang Yao-Fen , Tu Chu-Min , Hsu Liwei
Published: June 2020

This study examined the effectiveness of a Green Food and Beverage (GFB) blended learning approach. A quasi-experimental research design was employed to verify the learning outcomes of implementing the GFB blended learning. Junior hospitality students were the research subjects. The experimental group participated in an 18-week GFB blended learning course, while the control group experienced traditional teaching. A total of 99 valid subjects were recruited. Statistical analyses were used to examine whether the participants of two groups had different green food literacy, transformative abilities, unit learning achievements, and learning experiences. The results confirmed that the blended learning course was more suitable for capturing students' attention and satisfying them through the course learning and could promote students' green food knowledge, green food responsibility, commitment to green food, and civic green food behavior. It could also enhance the psychological empowerment of students related to green food practices and problem solving to ensure food sustainability.
Creativity of Participants in Crowdsourcing Communities
Authors: Zou Lingfei , Wei Shaobo , Ke Weiling , Wei Kwok Kee
Published: June 2020

Organizations can tap the wisdom of the crowd through digital platforms of crowdsourcing for ideation. However, we have limited understanding of factors affecting the innovativeness of ideas and solutions submitted by individual participants. Drawing upon self-determination theory and regulatory focus theory, we investigate how participants' regulatory focus and extrinsic motivation aroused by incentivizing mechanisms affect their creativity in crowdsourcing communities. Based on the data collected from 164 participants in a crowdsourcing platform, we find that promotion focus positively influences participants' creativity, and different types of extrinsic motivation have differential effects. Although external, identified, and integrated motivation positively affect participants' creativity, introjected motivation is not significantly related to participants' creativity. In addition, external and identified motivation strengthen the relationship between promotion focus and creativity. The theoretical contributions and managerial implications of this study are discussed.
The Rise of NoSQL Systems
Authors: Bajaj Akhilesh , Bick Wade
Published: June 2020

Transaction processing systems are primarily based on the relational model of data and offer the advantages of decades of research and experience in enforcing data quality through integrity constraints, allowing concurrent access and supporting recoverability. From a performance standpoint, they offer joins-based query optimization and data structures to promote fast reads and writes, but are usually vertically scalable from a hardware standpoint. NoSQL (Not Only SQL) systems follow different data representation formats than relations, such as key-value pairs, graphs, documents or column-families. They offer a flexible data representation format as well as horizontal hardware scalability so that Big Data can be processed in real time. In this review article, we review recent research on each type of system, and then discuss how teaching of NoSQL may be incorporated into traditional undergraduate database courses in information systems curricula.
Addressing Burnout Syndrome From a Critical Care Specialty Organization Perspective
Authors: Cochran Kathryn L. , Doo Kathleen , Squires Allison , Shah Tina , Rinne Seppo , Mealer Meredith
Published: June 2020

Background:

Health care specialty organizations are an important resource for their membership; however, it is not clear how specialty societies should approach combating stress and burnout on an organizational scale.

Objective:

To understand the prevalence of burnout syndrome in American Thoracic Society members, identify specialty-specific risk factors, and generate strategies for health care societies to combat burnout.

Methods:

Cross-sectional, mixed-methods survey in a sample of 2018 American Thoracic Society International Conference attendees to assess levels of burnout syndrome, work satisfaction, and stress.

Results:

Of the 130 respondents, 69% reported high stress, 38% met burnout criteria, and 20% confirmed chaotic work environments. Significant associations included sex and stress level; clinical time and at-home electronic health record work; and US practice and at-home electronic health record work. There were no significant associations between burnout syndrome and the selected demographics. Participants indicated patient care as the most meaningful aspect of work, whereas the highest contributors to burnout were workload and electronic health record documentation. Importantly, most respondents were unaware of available resources for burnout.

Conclusions:

Health care specialty societies have access to each level of the health system, creating an opportunity to monitor trends, disseminate resources, and influence the direction of efforts to reduce workplace stress and enhance clinician well-being.
Systems to Address Burnout and Support Well-being: Implications for Intensive Care Unit Nurses
Authors: Rushton Cynda Hylton , Pappas Sharon
Published: June 2020

Burnout, a syndrome resulting from chronic job-related stress in the workplace, is an extensive problem among clinicians working in health care organizations. The 3 dimensions of burnout include emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and loss of a sense of professional efficacy. Approximately 35% of all nurses experience symptoms of burnout. Critical care nurses are at risk for chronic job stress because of the complexity and pace of the critical care environment. Addressing the individual and systems-related factors that stem from the work environment is essential in order to achieve well-being among all clinicians. Strategies aimed at fostering individual resilience and well-being must be coupled with systemic solutions that create a work environment that removes impediments to ethically grounded practice, restores fulfillment achieved in clinical practice, and fosters resilience and well-being.
Interrogating the composition and genesis of argillite-hosted pyrite nodules at the LaRonde Penna gold-rich volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit, Abitibi, Quebec: insights into metallogenic implications
Authors: Pilote J -L , Mercier-Langevin P , Jackson S E , Dubé B , Yang Z , Lawley C J M , Petts D C , Layne G
D , Piercey S J
Published: June 2020

This study investigates pyrite nodules hosted in argillite horizons within (Zn-Ag-Au-Cu±Pb) massive sulphide ore of the 20N Zn zone at the LaRonde Penna Au-rich volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit, Abitibi greenstone belt, Quebec. Two pyrite nodules are
examined in detail: LA-001 and LA-002. These nodules are spherical and oblate spheroidal in shape and display similar textures, including a core (zone 1) composed of fine, equigranular grains with variable amounts of silicate-carbonate inclusions; a rim (zones 2a to c) that varies from
inclusion-poor to -rich and consists of equigranular to radially oriented, acicular pyrite grains; and a thin layer of idiomorphic pyrite overgrowth that surrounds the nodules (zone 3). Sulphide inclusions in nodule LA-001 consist predominantly of sphalerite, whereas sulphide inclusions in nodule
LA-002 include an assemblage of sphalerite, Zn-bearing stannite (Cu2(Fe,Zn)SnS4), and galena, all of which occur also in the surrounding massive sulphide ore. In nodule LA-002, sphalerite is intimately associated with stannite, and together they are preferentially concentrated along both the
concentric zones of the inclusion-rich section of the rim (zone 2b) and within the radially bladed rim (zone 2c), parallel to blade elongation. Whereas textures are similar in the two nodules, compositional maps generated by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS)
reveal important distinctions in element distribution patterns for inclusion-partitioned elements (Cu, Zn, Sn, Pb, Bi), which reflect the mineralogy and bulk abundances for lattice-bound elements (Ni, As, Au). Gold is mainly concentrated in the fine-grained cores, but in different amounts in LA-001
(average of 0.38 ppm Au; n = 6918) and LA-002 (average of 1.04 ppm Au; n = 10,539). Nickel and As values in LA-001 are respectively 10 and 3 times greater than in LA-002. In both nodules, Ni is enriched in the rim relative to the core. The pyrite nodules have in situ delta-34S values (secondary ion
mass spectrometry analyses) that range from -0.8 to +5.0 per mille (average +2.1 per mille, n = 50), with the core showing slightly lighter values than the rim. Based on these results, the nodules (zones 1 and 2) are interpreted to have formed by diagenetic processes and the presence of stannite,
sphalerite, and galena (enrichment in Zn, Sn, Cu, and Pb) is likely the expression of a previously hydrothermally enriched sediment rather than a direct hydrothermal contribution during crystal growth. While more work is needed, the composition of pyrite nodules could potentially be used as vectors
toward syngenetic mineralization.
Fingerprinting ore processes in orogenic auriferous systems: insights into metallogenic and exploration implications from argillite-hosted iron sulphide nodules from the Timmins-Matheson gold corridor
Authors: Pilote J -L , Jackson S E , Mercier-Langevin P , Dubé B , Lawley C J M , Petts D C , Yang Z , van Hees E , Rhys D
Published: June 2020

Orogenic Au deposits of the world-class Timmins-Porcupine Au camp in Abitibi and its surroundings are commonly hosted by carbonaceous to non-carbonaceous argillite sequences, which contain Au-rich (less than or equal to10 ppm Au) nodules and concretions; two
features widely considered to be diagenetic, but can be equivocal in some highly strained and hydrothermally altered zones. Hence, the goals of this research activity are to (1) fingerprint pyrite of diagenetic or epigenetic origin, (2) constrain factors that control Au uptake in diagenetic pyrite,
and (3) determine if early Au enrichment fundamentally influences overprinting orogenic Au mineralization. Pyrite nodules and concretions are generally composed of two textural domains: a core and a rim. The pyrite rims exhibit much more textural complexity than the pyrite cores. Multivariate
analysis of trace element data derived from laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry reveal a clear geochemical distinction between epigenetic textures (granoblasts, porphyroblasts, idiomorphic overgrowths) and nodules/concretions. In the Timmins-Matheson region, disparate pyrite
textures can be discriminated simply by the abundance of thallium. Nodules and concretions also show geochemical attributes that are inherited from the composition of the rock assemblage in which they form. Regardless of their host rocks, the core and rim of the nodules possess different but
systematic geochemical signatures, which were constrained with the help of multivariate statistics; Ni, As, Se, Ag, Sb, Au, Pb, and Bi tend to concentrate into the core, whereas Mo and Tl (±Mn) tend to concentrate into the rim. In situ Fe isotope analyses of three pyrite nodules reveal
intra-grain variations in delta-56Fe values that range from -3.11 to 0.74 per mille, with 30% of the values < -2.5 per mille which has, in the literature to date, been recorded only in Archean diagenetic pyrite in black shale. The results contribute to a framework that helps improving
our interpretation of the genesis of pyrite nodules in deformed and metamorphosed sedimentary rocks, which will ultimately minimize uncertainties related to the interpretation of ore-forming processes.
Paleoproterozoic gold and its tectonic triggers and traps: implications from Re-Os sulphide and U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology, Lynn Lake, Manitoba
Authors: Lawley C J M , Selby D , Davis W J , Yang E , Zhang S , Jackson S E , Petts D
C , O'Connor A R , Schneider D
A
Published: June 2020

Orogenic Au deposits require a trigger to transport auriferous fluids from their deep-seated source regions to their depositional site in the mid- to upper-crust. Defining the tectonic trigger of Au ore systems requires precise age constraints. Herein we address
that knowledge gap with new Re-Os sulphide (arsenopyrite and pyrite) and U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology results from the Lynn Lake greenstone belt of the Paleoproterozoic Trans-Hudson Orogen, Manitoba, Canada. We document an early-stage of Au-rich veins (ca. 1.82 Ga) that are coeval with
syenitic magmatism (1.83-1.82 Ga) and immediately post-date new ages for the opening and closure of synorogenic basins (1.84-1.83 Ga) and late-stage arc magmatism (1.84-1.83 Ga). Together these data point to the importance of stalled subduction and upwelling asthenosphere as possible triggers for
fluid release during the earliest stages of continental collision between the Hearne, Superior, and Sask cratons. New dating further documents a second, overprinting generation of auriferous fluids (ca. 1.78 Ga) that post-dates peak metamorphism (ca. 1.81 Ga). These late-stage fluids were driven by
a second thermal pulse (ca. 1.78 Ga), which, based on the timing of coeval, crustally derived pegmatitic dykes, may be related to crustal thickening and/or another unrecognized subcrustal heat source. Mineral exploration should focus on the large-scale architecture that is required to focus multiple
pulses of auriferous fluids to the same depositional trap over the lifespan of an orogen.
Lithological and tectonic controls on banded iron formation-associated gold at the Amaruq deposit, Churchill Province, Nunavut, and implications for exploration
Authors: Valette M , De Souza S , Mercier-Langevin P , Côté-Mantha O , Simard M , Wodicka N , McNicoll V J , Barbe P
Published: June 2020

The Amaruq gold deposit in Nunavut is underlain by the Neoarchean (ca. 2.73-2.63 Ga) supracrustal rocks of the Woodburn Lake group, within the Rae Craton of the Churchill Province. The mineralized zones are hosted in polydeformed, upper greenschist-facies banded
iron formation and volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Rumble assemblage. The assemblage includes rocks of contrasting rheology and geochemistry, such as greywacke, chert, graphitic argillite, komatiite, and komatiitic basalt, which have been deformed and metamorphosed in the Archean and during
subsequent Paleoproterozoic orogenesis. In the Amaruq area, several generations of structures are recognized: 1) tight and isoclinal F1 folds and D1 shear zones; and 2) upright and isoclinal northeast-plunging F2 folds and associated D2 shear zones that host the bulk of gold mineralization.
Progressive strain accommodation during D2 deformation led to the development of northwest-verging overthrust and recumbent F2 folds. Subsequent deformation consists of open to chevron-style, northeast- and southwest-plunging F3 folds, and north- and east-striking D4 and D5 normal faults and shear
zones, respectively. The two principal mineralized areas of the Amaruq deposit, the Whale Tail and IVR, comprise contrasting styles, geometry, and distribution of ore zones in distinct structural domains. The Whale Tail area is primarily characterized by stratabound and locally discordant
disseminated to semi-massive pyrrhotite-arsenopyrite-gersdorffite replacement-style orebodies in chert-poor silicate-facies iron formation, and by 'silica flooding' zones associated with arsenopyrite-löllingite-pyrrhotite in chert-rich silicate-facies iron formation. The IVR area occurs in an
overturned F2 fold-hinge zone and consists predominantly of shallowly southeast-dipping quartz±carbonate veins that cut the host volcano-sedimentary sequence. Proximal alteration is characterized by variable amounts of Ca-amphibole-feldspar-epidote-muscovite-biotite-carbonate. Petrographic
relationships of metamorphic and auriferous sulphide minerals indicate that prograde upper greenschist metamorphism is coeval with D2 deformation. Native gold was in part exsolved from prograde löllingite during retrograde metamorphism to lower greenschist facies associated with D3 deformation.
The crosscutting relationships between the contrasting ore styles suggest a protracted, multiphase hydrothermal history. The age and relative timing of the gold mineralization represent key issues that are being addressed to help in the development of improved exploration models for banded iron
formation-hosted/associated gold deposits in the Churchill Province and other Archean terranes.
To evaluate the minimum number of renal scans required to follow pediatric patient postpyeloplasty
Authors: Verma Shashwat , Saxena Payal , Singh Sanjeet , Khandpur Sukhanshi , Deswal Satyawati , Kumar Narvesh , Singh Anjana
Published: June 2020

The aim of the study is to evaluate the minimum number of renal scans required to follow pediatric patients postpyeloplasty. We prospectively reviewed the renal scans of 145 children with unilateral pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction who underwent dismembered pyeloplasty. Patients were then divided into four groups based on preoperative split renal function. All patients were followed with renal scan and ultrasound for minimum of 4 years. Renal scan and ultrasound were done after stent removal at 3, 6, and 12 months and then yearly after surgery. Drainage pattern (T1/2) was seen in all groups, except in patients where there was no comment on drainage pattern. Statistical analysis was performed using the Friedman ANOVA and Wilcoxon signed-ranks test as a post hoc test with Bonferroni correction and Kruskal–Wallis test with Mann–Whitney U-test as a post hoc test with Bonferroni correction. On comparison of the pattern of drainage with time in Groups 1–4, it was found that there was no significant difference with time in Group 1. Then, further, using Wilcoxon signed-rank test as post hoc test for Friedman ANOVA, Group 2 showed statistically significant difference in drainage pattern in scans between 6 months and 1 year, Group 3 showed statistically significant difference in drainage pattern in scans between 3 months and 1 year, and Group 4 showed statistically significant difference in drainage pattern in scans done between 3 and 6 months (P < 0.05). Minimum of three renal scans were required for paediatric patients post pyeloplasty at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year in the follow up period.
“Tumour sink effect” on the diagnostic or posttreatment radioiodine scan due to sequestration into large-volume functioning metastasis of differentiated thyroid carcinoma influencing uptake in smaller metastatic sites or remnant thyroid tissue: An uncommon but possible phenomenon in thyroid cancer practice
Authors: Basu Sandip , Ranade Rohit , Abhyankar Amit
Published: June 2020

Two patients of differentiated thyroid carcinoma are illustrated demonstrating “sink effect” in posttherapeutic and diagnostic radioiodine (I-131) study: (a) in the first case, it masked the other small-volume metastatic sites (pulmonary and paratracheal nodes) in the posttreatment scan, which were clarified following metastatectomy of the large-volume skeletal metastatic lesion, and (b) in the second, interestingly, it masked the remnant thyroid uptake in the first postoperative diagnostic radioiodine study. In both the situations, large-volume highly functioning skeletal metastasis was the cause for the observed “sink effect” and is presented as learning illustrations to the attending physicians. Although uncommon, this is a possible phenomenon in thyroid cancer practice.
Comparison of predicted postoperative forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) using lung perfusion scintigraphy with observed forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) post lung resection
Authors: Mathew Boon , Nag Sudipta , Agrawal Archi , Ranganathan Priya , Purandare Nilendu , Shah Sneha , Puranik Ameya , Rangarajan Venkatesh
Published: June 2020

Lung perfusion scintigraphy is done as a part of preoperative evaluation in lung cancer patients for the prediction of postoperative forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1). This study was performed to see the accuracy of prediction of postoperative FEV1 by perfusion scintigraphy for patients undergoing lobectomy/pneumonectomy by comparing it with actual postoperative FEV1 obtained by spirometry 4–6 months after surgery. We retrospectively reviewed 50 surgically resected lung cancer patients who underwent preoperative spirometry, lung perfusion study, and postoperative spirometry. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between predicted postoperative FEV1 (PPO FEV1) by lung perfusion scintigraphy and postoperative actual FEV1 measured by spirometry. Agreement between the two methods was analyzed with Bland–Altman method. The correlation between the PPO FEV1 and actual postoperative FEV1 was statistically significant (r = 0.847, P = 0.000). The correlation was better for pneumonectomy compared to lobectomy (r = 0.930 [P = 0.000] vs. 0.792 [P = 0.000]). The agreement analysis showed a mean difference of −0.0558 with a standard deviation (SD) of 0.284. The limits of agreement vary over a wide range from −−0.625 to 0.513 L (mean ± 2 SD) for the entire group. For pneumonectomy, the mean difference was −0.0121 and SD 0.169 with limits of agreement varying between −0.30 L and 0.30 L. For lobectomy, the mean difference was −0.0826 and SD 0.336 with limits of agreement varying between −0.755 L and 0.590 L. Postoperative FEV1 predicted using lung perfusion scintigraphy shows good correlation with actual postoperative FEV1 and shows reasonably good agreement in patients undergoing pneumonectomy. The limits of agreement appear to be clinically unacceptable in patients undergoing lobectomy, where single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or SPECT/CT techniques may improve prediction.
Isolated single lobe hyperplasia of the thyroid gland, presenting as anterior mediastinal mass, detected on positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan
Authors: Gupta Nitin , Malik Dharmender , Verma Ritu , Jain Sunila
Published: June 2020

We report a case who presented with facial swelling and breathlessness. Recent chest X-ray was suggestive of soft-tissue in the mediastinum. In view of the suspicion of mass being neoplastic, the patient was referred for positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scan. Whole-body fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET-CT scan revealed a mildly FDG-avid large lobulated soft-tissue mass in the anterior mediastinum, seen to arising from right lobe of the thyroid gland, extending into the right hemithorax. Histopathological examination of the mass was compatible with adenomatous hyperplasia of the thyroid. Here, we report an unusual case of isolated single lobe hyperplasia of the thyroid gland, masquerading as an anterior mediastinal mass.