bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entwurfsaspekte bei Gründungen für Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen
Authors: Hartwig Udo , Mayer Timo
Published: March 2012

Der Entwurf von Gründungen für Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen (OWEA) erfolgt vor dem Hintergrund komplexer Anforderungen durch die dynamische und zyklische Belastung der Konstruktion und des Baugrundes aus Wind und Wellen, die teure und wetterabhängige Offshore‐Logistik für Transport und Installation, die angestrebte Minimierung der Einflüsse auf die Meeresumwelt und nicht zuletzt die Besonderheiten bei Genehmigungsverfahren für Offshore‐Bauwerke. Zudem sollen die Gründungen unter den anspruchsvollen Umgebungsbedingungen auf offener See auch ohne umfangreiche Inspektions‐ und Wartungsarbeiten 20 oder 25 Jahre ihre Funktion erfüllen.

In diesem Beitrag wird aus Sicht entwerfender Ingenieure gezeigt, welche Vielzahl von Aspekten bei gleichzeitig hohen Anforderungen an die Wirtschaftlichkeit bei der Planung von Gründungen für Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen berücksichtigt werden müssen. Anhand von zwei Beispielen, einem Schwerkraftfundament sowie einer Jacket‐Gründung, werden dafür die in den einzelnen Phasen eines Windparkprojekts im Hinblick auf die Gründung zu lösenden Aufgaben näher beleuchtet.

Design Aspects for Foundations of Offshore Wind Turbines

The design of foundations for offshore wind turbines has to be carried out against the backdrop of complex requirements resulting from the dynamic and cyclic loading of the structure and the subsoil caused by wind and waves, an expensive and weather‐dependent offshore logistics for transport and installation, the desired minimisation of marine environmental effects and not least the specific features of authorizing procedures for offshore constructions. Moreover the structures have to preserve their functionality under challenging environmental conditions on the high seas for the entire lifetime of 20 or 25 years without the need of extensive inspection and maintenance works.

This publication shows, in the view of designing engineers, which variety of aspects have to be taken into account during the design of foundations for offshore wind turbines despite the high demands on the economic efficiency of the foundation. Based on two examples, a gravity base foundation and a jacket foundation, the tasks linked to the foundation, which have to be solved during the several phases of a wind park project will be elucidated.
Integrale Großbrücken mit flexiblen Widerlagern
Authors: Steiger Heinz , Zeißler Toralf , Bernhard Markus , Meyer Holger
Published: March 2012

Für die Anbindung der neuen Landebahn Nordwest wurden am Frankfurter Flughafen insgesamt fünf Rollbrücken in integraler Bauweise errichtet. Es handelt sich um ein‐ bis dreifeldrige Rahmenbauwerke, deren Überbauten größtenteils aus vorgespannten Fertigteilträgern mit Ortbetonergänzung hergestellt wurden. Durch den Verzicht auf Fugen und Lager entstanden sehr robuste und dauerhafte Brückenbauwerke. Zur Reduzierung des Erddrucks auf die Widerlagerwände wurden erstmalig im Großbrückenbau flexible Widerlager eingesetzt. Die Brücken sind für eine maximale Flugzeuglast von 750 t ausgelegt, womit das Startgewicht von allen aktuellen Flugzeugtypen abgedeckt ist. Mit einer überspannten Fläche von insgesamt ca. 20.000 m2 gehört die Rollbrücke Ost 1 zu den größten integralen Brückenbauwerken in Europa.

Im folgenden Beitrag werden die statisch‐konstruktiven Besonderheiten der Rollbrücke Ost 1 aus Sicht des Prüfingenieurs und des Bauherrn erläutert. Außerdem wird auf die Bauausführung eingegangen und die fugenlose Bauweise diskutiert.

Large integral bridges with flexible abutments. Experiences with the construction of the Taxiway Bridge East 1 at the Frankfurt Airport

At the Frankfurt Airport, five integral taxiway bridges were built to connect the new Runway Northwest with the apron area. The superstructure of the frame bridges mostly consist of prestressed prefabricated girders completed with a cast‐in‐place concrete deck. The bridge construction without joints and bearings allows robust and durable structures. For the first time, flexible abutments were placed at large bridge constructions in order to reduce soil pressure. The bridges are designed for a total load of 750 tons, which covers all current models of aircraft. The overall deck area of the Taxiway Bridge East 1 amounts nearly 20000 m2. Hence, this bridge belongs to the largest integral bridges in Europe.

In this paper, the design features of the Taxiway Bridge East 1 are reviewed and the jointless construction method is discussed.
Die Rollbrücken der neuen Landebahn Nordwest am Flughafen Frankfurt/Main
Authors: Schmidt Stephan , Zierath Frank , Amann Horst , Meyer Holger
Published: March 2012

Die Rollbrücken der neuen Landebahn Nordwest am Flughafen Franfurt/Main stellen in vielerlei Hinsicht eine Innovation im Großbrückenbau dar. Alle Rollbrücken wurden als integrale Rahmentragwerke geplant und errichtet. Die Anwendung der integralen fugenlosen Bauweise in Verbindung mit vorgespannten Fertigteilplattenbalken mit Ortbetonergänzung wurde in dieser Größenordnung erstmals angewendet. Durch die konsequente Anwendung dieses Konstruktionsprinzips konnte eine kurze Bauzeit mit minimalen Einschränkungen für den öffentlichen Verkehr erreicht werden. Das Ergebnis sind sehr robuste, wartungsarme Bauwerke mit geringer Bauhöhe und sehr hoher Tragfähigkeit. Die speziellen Anforderungen aus dem Flugbetrieb, insbesondere die hohen Flugzeuglasten, erfordern Lösungen, die zum Teil außerhalb der in den geltenden Vorschriften geregelten Bauweisen liegen. Durch die Bereitschaft des Bauherren und aller am Projekt Beteiligten, diesen innovativen Weg mitzugehen, sind einzigartige, wirtschaftliche und auch gestalterisch ansprechende Bauwerke entstanden.

The taxiway bridges of the new runway northwest at the airport Frankfurt/Main

In many aspects, the taxiway bridges of the new Northwestern landing runway at the Frankfurt am Main Airport represent an innovation in large bridge construction. All taxiway bridges were planned and built as integral frame‐supporting structures. The application of an integral jointless construction in connection with a pre‐stressed prefabricated platform bar with local concrete integration was applied for the first time in these dimensions. Thanks to the consequent application of this construction principle, a short building time with minimal limitations for the public traffic streams could be reached. The result is very stable low‐maintenance buildings with reduced building height and very high carrying capacity. The special requirements connected with the aviation operations, in particular the high plane charges require solutions that are partially outside the construction types regulated by applicable regulations. Thanks to the availability by the builder‐owner and all the parties involved to opt for this innovating path, unique, cost‐effective and design‐attractive buildings were created.
Fugenlose Kaimauern am Beispiel Bremerhaven und am neuen deutschen Tiefwasserhafen in Wilhelmshaven
Authors: Morgen Karl
Published: March 2012

Am Container‐Terminal Bremerhaven, der zu den größten Container‐Umschlagsanlagen in Europa gehört, wurde Anfang 2003 der Bauabschnitt CT 3a mit einer Länge von 340 m als erstes fugenloses Kajenbauwerk in Betrieb genommen und mit Bauabschnitt CT 4 mit einer Gesamtlänge von 1680 m in fugenloser Bauweise fortgeführt. Vor dem Hintergrund der dabei gewonnenen guten Erfahrungen wurde das Kajenbauwerk des neuen Tiefwasserhafens Wilhelmshaven mit einer Gesamtlänge von 1720 m von 2009 bis 2011 fugenlos errichtet. Es werden Hinweise zur Betontechnologie, zur konstruktiven Durchbildung, zur Beschränkung der Rissbreite und zur Umsetzung auf der Baustelle gegeben.

Jointless quay walls – case studies of Bremerhaven's container terminal and Wilhelmshaven's new German deep‐water port

The construction stage CT 3a of Bremerhaven's container terminal, one of Europe's largest container handling facilities, was a jointless quay structure 340 m in length which started operation in early 2003 and was extended by a further 1, 680 m of jointless quay structure in construction stage CT 4.

On the basis of positive experiences from this project, the quay structure for the new deep‐water port at Wilhelmshavenmeasuring 1, 720 m in length and constructed between 2009 and 2011 – was also designed and built as a jointless structure.

This article features information on concrete technology, structural detailing, crack width control, and on‐site implementation.
Neubau Containerterminal in Cai Mep/Vietnam
Authors: Günzl Tobias
Published: March 2012

Aufgrund des dynamischen Wirtschaftswachstums in Südostasien und speziell in Vietnam mit seiner exportorientierten Industrie wird derzeit massiv in die Hafeninfrastruktur investiert. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wird dabei der Entwicklung des Tiefwasserhafens in Cai Mep, welcher für die Abfertigung von Super‐Post‐Panamax‐Containerschiffen mit bis zu 400 m Schiffslänge konzipiert ist, gewidmet. Aufgrund der abzufertigenden Schiffsgrößen und den Baugrundbedingungen bestehen hohe Anforderungen an die Kajenkonstruktion, sowohl im Design als auch in der Ausführung unter den lokalen Bedingungen.

Development of Cai Mep Container Terminal, Vietnam

Based on the dynamic economic growth in SE Asia and especially Vietnam's export‐oriented industrial sector, there are massive ongoing investments in port and maritime infrastructure. Thus, the development of the deep‐water port at Cai Mep, designed for super‐post‐panamax container vessels up to 400 m length, is a core project in this development. Due to the vessel size and subsoil conditions, special requirements within design and during execution under local conditions must be considered for the quay structure.
Planung und Bau eines Wellenbrechers mit integrierter Hafenanlage für den LNG‐Terminal in Swinemünde
Authors: Tworuschka Hartmut
Published: March 2012

Im polnischen Swinemünde wird bis zum Jahr 2014 eine neue Anlage zur Verarbeitung von Flüssiggas errichtet. Der Antransport des Flüssiggases erfolgt auf dem Seeweg. Hierzu ist es notwendig, eine neue Hafenanlage bereitzustellen. Kernstück dieser Hafenanlage ist ein 3 km langer Wellenbrecher mit integrierten Anlegemöglichkeiten für Gastanker. Mit dieser Konstruktion entsteht vor der Küste ein geschlossenes Hafenbecken mit einer Wassertiefe von bis zu 14,50 m. Die Konstruktion besteht aus einem Spundwandkern mit einem Damm, wobei die gesamte Konstruktion befahrbar ist. In den Wellenbrecher wird neben der Infrastruktur zur Abfertigung der Schiffe ein komplexes Rohrleitungssystem, mit dem das Flüssiggas befördert werden kann, integriert.

Design and construction of breakwaters with integrated port facility for the Swinemünde LNG terminal

In the Polish city of Swinemünde, a new liquefied natural gas (LNG) processing facility is being constructed for completion by 2014. The liquefied gas is transported to the facility by sea. This makes it necessary to provide a new port facility. A key element of this port is a 3 km long breakwater with integrated mooring facilities for gas tankers. This will create an enclosed port basin between the shore and the sea, with a water depth of up to 14.50 m. The construction consists of sheet piling at the centre of a bank, which is constructed to be suitable for vehicular traffic. In addition to the infrastructure for handling the ships, the breakwater includes a complex pipe system which is used to convey the liquid gas.
Prediction and verification of centrifugal dewatering of P. pastoris fermentation cultures using an ultra scale‐down approach
Authors: Lopes A.G. , Keshavarz‐Moore E.
Published: March 2012

Recent years have seen a dramatic rise in fermentation broth cell densities and a shift to extracellular product expression in microbial cells. As a result, dewatering characteristics during cell separation is of importance, as any liquor trapped in the sediment results in loss of product, and thus a decrease in product recovery. In this study, an ultra scale‐down (USD) approach was developed to enable the rapid assessment of dewatering performance of pilot‐scale centrifuges with intermittent solids discharge. The results were then verified at scale for two types of pilot‐scale centrifuges: a tubular bowl equipment and a disk‐stack centrifuge. Initial experiments showed that employing a laboratory‐scale centrifugal mimic based on using a comparable feed concentration to that of the pilot‐scale centrifuge, does not successfully predict the dewatering performance at scale (P‐value <0.05). However, successful prediction of dewatering levels was achieved using the USD method (P‐value ≥0.05), based on using a feed concentration at small‐scale that mimicked the same height of solids as that in the pilot‐scale centrifuge. Initial experiments used Baker's yeast feed suspensions followed by fresh Pichia pastoris fermentation cultures. This work presents a simple and novel USD approach to predict dewatering levels in two types of pilot‐scale centrifuges using small quantities of feedstock (<50 mL). It is a useful tool to determine optimal conditions under which the pilot‐scale centrifuge needs to be operated, reducing the need for repeated pilot‐scale runs during early stages of process development. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:2039–2047. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CFD simulation of mixing for high‐solids anaerobic digestion
Authors: Wu Binxin
Published: March 2012

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model that simulates mechanical mixing for high‐solids anaerobic digestion was developed. Numerical simulations of mixing manure slurry which exhibits non‐Newtonian pseudo‐plastic fluid behavior were performed for six designs: (i) one helical ribbon impeller; (ii) one anchor impeller; (iii) one curtain‐type impeller; (iv) three counterflow (CF‐2) impellers; (v) two modified high solidity (MHS 3/39°) impellers; and (vi) two pitched blade turbine impellers. The CFD model was validated against measurements for mixing a Herschel–Bulkley fluid by ribbon and anchor impellers. Based on mixing time with respect to mixing energy level, three impeller types (ribbon, CF‐2, and MHS 3/39°) stand out when agitating highly viscous fluids, of these mixing with two MHS 3/39° impellers requires the lowest power input to homogenize the manure slurry. A comparison of digestion material demonstrates that the mixing energy varies with manure type and total solids concentration to obtain a given mixing time. Moreover, an in‐depth discussion about the CFD strategy, the influences of flow regime and impeller type on mixing characteristics, and the intrinsic relation between mixing and flow field is included. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:2116–2126. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kinetics of adsorption, desorption, and re‐adsorption of a commercial endoglucanase in lignocellulosic suspensions
Authors: Wang Q.Q. , Zhu J.Y. , Hunt C.G. , Zhan H.Y.
Published: March 2012

This study conducted quantitative kinetic modeling and in situ and temporally resolved measurements of adsorption, desorption, and re‐adsorption of a commercial endoglucanase in lignocellulosic suspensions. The study defined a cellulase adsorption and desorption competition parameter, a pseudo rate of binding and desorption, binding and desorption capacity, as well as cellulase‐binding reversibility (a thermodynamic property) and recyclability (a engineering parameter). The results indicate that both substrate chemical and physical structures play important roles in cellulase binding and desorption. Binding of a commercial cellulase onto a cellulosic substrate was reversible. Bindings to two different lignocellulosic substrates were almost irreversible. While lignin and its structure positively affect binding capacity to substrate, they negatively affect cellulase recyclability. Collapsing of substrate pores reduced cellulose accessibility and cellulase‐binding capacity and increased reversibility and recyclability. Increasing temperature and pH increase cellulase desorption and increased binding reversibility and capacity. This study lays the foundation for developing effective cellulase recycling strategies. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1965–1975. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Highly sensitive and rapid ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of nifedipine in human plasma and its application to a bioequivalence study
Authors: Patel Daxesh P. , Sharma Primal , Sanyal Mallika , Singhal Puran , Shrivastav Pranav S.
Published: March 2012

An ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) method has been developed for the determination of nifedipine in human plasma using nifedipine‐d6 as the internal standard (IS). The plasma samples were prepared by solid‐phase extraction on Phenomenex Strata‐X cartridges employing 200 μL human plasma. Chromatography was carried out on Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm particle size) analytical column under isocratic conditions using a mobile phase consisting of 4.0 mm ammonium acetate‐acetonitrile (15:85, v/v). The precursor → product ion transitions for nifedipine (m/z 347.2 → 315.2) and IS (m/z 353.1 → 318.1) were monitored on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, operating in the multiple reaction monitoring and positive‐ion mode. The method was validated over a wide dynamic concentration range of 0.050–150 ng/mL. Matrix effect was assessed by post‐column analyte infusion and the mean extraction recovery was 95.6% across four quality control levels. The method is rugged and rapid with a total run time of 1.2 min and was applied to a bioequivalence study of 20 mg nifedipine tablet formulation in 30 healthy Indian subjects under fasting condition. Assay reproducibility was confirmed by reanalysis of 116 incurred samples. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Aminopyridines and Aminopyridones by Cobalt‐Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloadditions Involving Yne‐Ynamides: Scope, Limitations, and Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Garcia Pierre , Evanno Yannick , George Pascal , Sevrin Mireille , Ricci Gino , Malacria Max , Aubert Corinne , Gandon Vincent
Published: March 2012

An in‐depth study of the cobalt‐catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition between yne‐ynamides and nitriles to afford aminopyridines has been carried out. About 30 nitriles exhibiting a broad range of steric demand and electronic properties have been evaluated, some of which open new perspectives in metal‐catalyzed arene formation. In particular, the use of [CpCo(CO)(dmfu)] (dmfu=dimethyl fumarate) as a precatalyst made possible the incorporation of electron‐deficient nitriles into the pyridine core. Modification of the substitution pattern at the yne‐ynamide allows the regioselectivity to be switched toward 3‐ or 4‐aminopyridines. Application of this synthetic methodology to the construction of the aminopyridone framework using a yne‐ynamide and an isocyanate was also briefly examined. DFT computations suggest that 3‐aminopyridines are formed by formal [4+2] cycloaddition between the nitrile and the intermediate cobaltacyclopentadiene, whereas 4‐aminopyridines arise from an insertion pathway.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkaline—Alkaline Earth Fluoride Carbonate Crystals ABCO3F (A: K, Rb, Cs; B: Ca, Sr, Ba) as Nonlinear Optical Materials.
Authors: Zou Guohong , Ye Ning , Huang Ling , Lin Xinsong
Published: March 2012

KSrCO3F, RbSrCO3F, KCaCO3F, RbCaCO3F, CsCaCO3F, and Cs3Ba4(CO3)3F5 are obtained by spontaneous crystallization from molten mixtures of BCO3 (B: Ca, Sr, Ba) and A2CO3/BF2 (A: K, Rb, Cs).
ChemInform Abstract: Pressure‐Induced Phase Transition of Fe2TiO4: X‐Ray Diffraction and Moessbauer Spectroscopy.
Authors: Wu Ye , Wu Xiang , Qin Shan
Published: March 2012

Structural stability of the title compound under high pressure up to about 24 GPa at room temperature is investigated by XRD and Moessbauer spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: The New Oxometallates Cs4[FeO3], Cs4[ZnO3] and Cs3[BO3] with Trigonal‐Planar Anions — Decomposition Products of Alkali Metal Suboxometallates.
Authors: Hoch Constantin
Published: March 2012

The title compounds are obtained from reactions of Cs metal, Cs2O, and Fe2O3, ZnO, or B2O3 (Ta crucibles, 300 °C, 2—3 h).
ChemInform Abstract: BaFeO3: A Ferromagnetic Iron Oxide.
Authors: Hayashi Naoaki , Yamamoto Takafumi , Kageyama Hiroshi , Nishi Masakazu , Watanabe Yoshitaka , Kawakami Takateru , Matsushita Yoshitaka , Fujimori Atsushi , Takano Mikio
Published: March 2012

BaFeO3 is prepared from a mixture of Ba(NO3)2 and Fe(NO3)2 dissolved in water containing a fivefold excess of citric acid, propylene glycol, and ammonia (120 °C, 10 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Catalysis of Diels—Alder Reactions with in situ Generated Heterocyclic ortho‐Quinodimethanes.
Authors: Liu Yankai , Nappi Manuel , Arceo Elena , Vera Silvia , Melchiorre Paolo
Published: March 2012

Under catalysis of a chiral amine, the title quinodimethanes are generated in situ to further undergo Diels—Alder reactions with nitroolefins or methyleneindolinones to give carbazole‐, pyrrole‐, or furan‐based cycloadducts with excellent stereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Swern Oxidation of Alcohols with Ion‐Supported Methyl Sulfoxide and Oxalyl Chloride.
Authors: Tsuchiya Daisuke , Moriyama Katsuhiko , Togo Hideo
Published: March 2012

The use of an ionic liquid supported sulfoxide allows Swern type oxidation of alcohols to corresponding carbonyl compounds (15 examples) without any unpleasent odor.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Hydrogenation of Ketones Catalyzed by Platinum on Carbon under Ordinary Pressures and Temperatures.
Authors: Fujiwara Yuta , Iwasaki Youhei , Maegawa Tomohiro , Monguchi Yasunari , Sajiki Hironao
Published: March 2012

The reported method is highly effective even for the hydrogenation of sterically hindered alkyl ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Sulfur‐Substituted α‐Stereogenic Amides and Ketones: Highly Enantioselective Sulfa‐Michael Additions of 1,4‐Dicarbonylbut‐2‐enes.
Authors: Zhao Fangli , Zhang Wen , Yang Yuanyong , Pan Yuanhang , Chen Wenchao , Liu Hongjun , Yan Lin , Tan Choon‐Hong , Jiang Zhiyong
Published: March 2012

Highly stereoselective formation of α‐sulfurated amides and ketones is possible.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver Cluster‐Promoted Heterogeneous Copper Catalyst for N‐Alkylation of Amines with Alcohols.
Authors: Shimizu Ken‐ichi , Shimura Katsuya , Nishimura Masanari , Satsuma Atsushi
Published: March 2012

A newly developed heterogeneous bimetallic Cu0.95Ag0.05/Al2O3 catalyst prepared by impregnation and H2‐reduction at 600 °C is used for the effective N‐alkylation of anilines and aliphatic amines with alcohols under mild reaction conditions without any co‐catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Enamine‐Mediated Addition of Aldehydes to Cyclic Enones.
Authors: Scarpino Schietroma Daniele M. , Monaco Mattia R. , Visca Valerio , Insogna Susanna , Overgaard Jacob , Bella Marco
Published: March 2012

It is found that the prolinol shown in the scheme efficiently promotes the asymmetric addition of aldehydes to the cyclohexenone (I).
ChemInform Abstract: On the Reactivity of Imidazole Carbamates and Ureas and Their Use as Esterification and Amidation Reagents.
Authors: Heller Stephen T. , Sarpong Richmond
Published: March 2012

Imidazolecarbamates such as (II) are successfully applied in the transesterification of carboxylic acids to give the corresponding carboxylic esters in good yields with a minimal amount of waste.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Intramolecular Hydroacylation with Rhodium/Phosphoramidite—Alkene Ligand Complexes.
Authors: Hoffman Thomas J. , Carreira Erick M.
Published: March 2012

A complex catalytic system is developed to produce substituted cyclopentanones with high enantio‐ and diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Reduction of Tertiary and Secondary Amides to Amines.
Authors: Das Shoubhik , Addis Daniele , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias
Published: March 2012

A general and chemoselective catalytic reduction of amides to amines using inexpensive zinc catalysts and silanes is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Syngas‐Mediated C—C Bond Formation in Flow: Selective Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydroformylation of Styrenes.
Authors: Kasinathan Sivarajan , Bourne Samuel L. , Tolstoy Paeivi , Koos Peter , O'Brien Matthew , Bates Roderick W. , Baxendale Ian R. , Ley Steven V.
Published: March 2012

A highly regioselective Rh‐catalyzed hydroformylation of styrenes is developed using a continuous flow process in a tube‐in‐tube gas‐liquid reactor.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)‐Rhodium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative C—C Bond Formation of Allenols with Arylboronic Acids under Carbon Monoxide.
Authors: Choi Soo Young , Chung Young Keun
Published: March 2012

It provides a simple, efficient, and widely applicable method to prepare 2‐methylene‐1‐arylbut‐3‐en‐1‐ones.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective and Regioselective Substitution of Morita—Baylis—Hillman Carbonates with Nitroalkanes.
Authors: Chen Guo‐Ying , Zhong Fangrui , Lu Yixin
Published: March 2012

The use of MBH carbonates bearing an alkyl substituent is not possible in the process.
ChemInform Abstract: A Ferrocenyl‐DHIPOH/Cu(OAc)2 Complex for Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Catalysis of the 1,4‐Addition of Glycine Derivatives to Alkylidene Malonates.
Authors: Shi Yu‐Hua , Wang Zheng , Hu Bin , Wang Ming , Fossey John S. , Deng Wei‐Ping
Published: March 2012

Compared to similar catalysts, the new PPFC afford higher enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Cooperative Thiourea—Broensted Acid Organocatalysis: Enantioselective Cyanosilylation of Aldehydes with TMSCN.
Authors: Zhang Zhiguo , Lippert Katharina M. , Hausmann Heike , Kotke Mike , Schreiner Peter R.
Published: March 2012

The catalyst system efficiently promotes the asymmetric cyanosilylation of aromatic and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Aerobic N‐Alkylation of Sulfonamides with Alcohols.
Authors: Feng Sun Lin , Liu Chuan Zhi , Li Qiang , Yu Xiao Chun , Xu Qing
Published: March 2012

The simple protocol can be applied to the reaction of various sulfonamides and, with slight variations, to 2‐aminopyridine or benzamide to give the corresponding N‐monoalkylated products.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Reaction of 1‐(2,2‐Dibromovinyl)‐2‐alkenylbenzene and Carbon Monoxide, with Phenol or Alcohol.
Authors: Ye Shengqing , Wu Jie
Published: March 2012

The addition of molecular sieves is highly effective for the reaction of phenols, whereas no advantage is observed in the case of alcohol substrates [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequential and One‐Pot Reactions of Phenols with Bromoalkynes for the Synthesis of (Z)‐2‐Bromovinyl Phenyl Ethers and Benzo[b]furans.
Authors: Wang Shihua , Li Pinhua , Yu Lin , Wang Lei
Published: March 2012

The one‐pot, two‐step synthesis proceeds with high yields and excellent regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Friedel—Crafts Reaction of Acylpyrroles with Glyoxylates Catalyzed by BINOL—Ti(IV) Complexes.
Authors: Majer Jakub , Kwiatkowski Piotr , Jurczak Janusz
Published: March 2012

Pyrrole substrates substituted by an electron‐withdrawing group at the α or β‐position as well as at the nitrogen atom can be successfully used.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Facilitated Iodine‐Mediated Electrophilic Annulation of N,N‐Dimethyl‐2‐alkynylanilines with Disulfides or Diselenides.
Authors: Du Hui‐Ai , Tang Ri‐Yuan , Deng Chen‐Liang , Liu Yan , Li Jin‐Heng , Zhang Xing‐Guo
Published: March 2012

A new and widely applicable method to prepare 3‐chalcogenoindoles is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Chiral Ligands: Carbohydrates, Alkaloids—Lanthanides and Other Lewis Acid Complexes to Control Regio‐ and Stereoselectivity of the Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Nitrile Oxides and Crotonamides and Cinnamides.
Authors: Gucma Miroslaw , Golebiewski W. Marek
Published: March 2012

Trisubstituted isoxazolidines are synthesized by cycloaddition of aryl nitrile oxides with secondary α,β‐unsaturated amides in the presence of different catalyst systems.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unexpected Result of the Reaction of Benzothioamide Derivatives with 2‐Aryl‐2‐bromoacetonitriles.
Authors: Boeini Hassan Zali , Mobin Mehdi
Published: March 2012

The title reaction unexpectedly furnishes 3,5‐diaryl‐1,2,4‐thiadiazoles when conducted in DMSO.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Conjugate Addition—Cyclization Cascade Reaction of Malonates with o‐Hydroxycinnamaldehydes: Asymmetric Synthesis of 4‐Substituted Chromanols.
Authors: Lee Yongcheon , Seo Seung Woo , Kim Sung‐Gon
Published: March 2012

The title reaction provides a mild and facile approach to enantioenriched 4‐substituted chromanols.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquid and Lewis Acid Combination in the Synthesis of Novel (E)‐1‐(Benzylideneamino)‐3‐cyano‐6‐(trifluoromethyl)‐1H‐2‐pyridones.
Authors: Moreira Dayse N. , Frizzo Clarissa P. , Longhi Kelvis , Soares Aline B. , Marzari Mara R. B. , Buriol Lilian , Brondani Sergio , Zanatta Nilo , Bonacorso Helio G. , Martins Marcos A. P.
Published: March 2012

11 Pyridone derivatives of type (III) are prepared using triethylamine as catalyst and [bmim]BF4 as solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: TEMPO Oxoammonium Salt Mediated Dehydrogenative Povarov/Oxidation Tandem Reaction of N‐Alkyl Anilines.
Authors: Richter Heinrich , Mancheno Olga Garcia
Published: March 2012

Mono‐ and disubstituted olefins are suitable substrates in the process.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Arylated Quinolines by Chemo‐ and Site‐Selective Suzuki—Miyaura Reactions of 5,7‐Dibromo‐8‐(trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy)quinoline.
Authors: Eleya Nadi , Mahal Ahmed , Hein Martin , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter
Published: March 2012

Treatment of the quinoline (I) with aryl boronic acids under appropriate conditions allows an efficient and site‐selective access to various arylated derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Isoquinolines via Pd‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Approaches.
Authors: Todorovic Nick , Awuah Emelia , Albu Silvia , Ozimok Cory , Capretta Alfredo
Published: March 2012

A palladium‐catalyzed α‐ketone arylation of bromide (I) followed by a reductive amination is used for the preparation of β‐arylethylamines (IV), which are converted into desired isoquinolines (VI) by a microwave‐assisted Pictet—Spengler reaction and a subsequent dehydrogenation of intermediate tetrahydroisoquinolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (Hetero)arylated Pyridazin‐3(2H)‐ones via Negishi Reaction Involving Zincated Pyridazin‐3(2H)‐ones.
Authors: Verhelst Tom , Liu Zuming , Maes Jens , Maes Bert U. W.
Published: March 2012

The a new approach affords various arylated pyridazinones such as (III), (V), (VII), and (IX) which are of biological interest.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Stereoselective One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Amino‐5,6‐dihydro‐4H‐1,3‐thiazines via Primary Allylamines Afforded from Morita—Baylis—Hillman Acetates.
Authors: Bhowmik Subhendu , Mishra Amita , Batra Sanjay
Published: March 2012

Substituted 1,3‐thiazines are synthesized from primary allylamines (I) and (IV) obtained from Morita—Baylis—Hillman acetates and aryl isothiocyanate (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A General Strategy for the Stereocontrolled Preparation of Diverse 8‐ and 9‐Membered Laurencia‐Type Bromoethers.
Authors: Snyder Scott A. , Treitler Daniel S. , Brucks Alexandria P. , Sattler Wesley
Published: March 2012

2‐Alkenyl‐substituted tetrahydrofurans or a tetrahydropyran are smoothly transformed into bromoalkyl‐ or bromo‐substituted oxocanes or oxonanes by use of sulfonium antimonate BDSB as brominating reagent.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Conversion of Chlorosilanes into Alkoxysilanes Without Generating HCl.
Authors: Wakabayashi Ryutaro , Sugiura Yasushi , Shibue Toshimichi , Kuroda Kazuyuki
Published: March 2012

A simple protocol is developed for the BiCl3‐catalyzed reaction of chlorosilanes with unsymmetrical tert‐butyl and benzyl ethers to yield alkoxysilanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyethylene Glycol in Water: A Simple and Environment Friendly Medium for C—P Bond Formation.
Authors: Rao Kunda Uma Maheswara , Jayaprakash Soora Harinath , Nayak Sandip Kumar , Reddy Cirandur Suresh
Published: March 2012

The one‐pot synthesis of α‐amino‐ and α‐hydroxyphosphonates by using PEG in water under catalyst free conditions is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Colloidal Inorganic Nanocrystals
Authors: Baghbanzadeh Mostafa , Carbone Luigi , Cozzoli P. Davide , Kappe C. Oliver
Published: March 2012

Review: 411 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Interaction of Niobium and Tantalum Pentahalides with O‐Donors: Coordination Chemistry and Activation Reactions
Authors: Marchetti Fabio , Pampaloni Guido
Published: March 2012

Review: 142 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Do the Solvolysis Reactions of Secondary Substrates Occur by the SN1 or SN2 Mechanism: Or Something Else?
Authors: Pagni Richard M.
Published: March 2012

Review: 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Application of Trialkoxysilane as Transmetallation Reagent in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Luo Fang , Pan Changduo , Cheng Jiang
Published: March 2012

Review: 114 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Organocatalytic Asymmetric Michael Reactions.
Authors: Zhang Yong , Wang Wei
Published: March 2012

Review: 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Potential of Different Enzyme Immobilization Strategies to Improve Enzyme Performance.
Authors: Garcia‐Galan Cristina , Berenguer‐Murcia Angel , Fernandez‐Lafuente Roberto , Rodrigues Rafael C.
Published: March 2012

Review: about 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Small Molecule Inhibitors of Histone Acetyltransferases as Epigenetic Tools and Drug Candidates
Authors: Furdas Silviya D. , Kannan Srinivasaraghavan , Sippl Wolfgang , Jung Manfred
Published: March 2012

Review: 116 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Fluorinated Porphyrins: From Ultra‐Thin Films to Nanoparticles in Catalysis
Authors: Varotto Alessandro , Smeureanu Gabriela , Aggarwal Amit , Drain Charles Michael
Published: March 2012

Review: 35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Non‐invasive Drug Delivery System Using Claudin Binder
Authors: Takahashi Azusa , Kondoh Masuo , Yagi Kiyohito
Published: March 2012

Review: 13 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Fluorescent and Colorimetric Chemosensors for Detection of Amino Acids
Authors: Zhou Ying , Yoon Juyoung
Published: March 2012

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Solid‐State NMR for Heterogeneous Catalysis: A Joint Experimental and Theoretical Approach
Authors: Zhang Weiping , Xu Shutao , Han Xiuwen , Bao Xinhe
Published: March 2012

Review: 163 refs.
New Insights into Sulfur Deposition on Gold Using Dithiobisphthalimide as a New Precursor
Authors: Houmam Abdelaziz , Koczkur Kallum M. , Moula Golam , Hamed Emad M.
Published: March 2012

Dithiobisphthalimide is used as a new precursor for the spontaneous deposition of sulfur on gold surfaces in acetonitrile. Characterization of the modified surfaces is achieved using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electrochemistry and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The reported results indicate that the sulfur deposition is an efficient and fast process and that high coverages can be reached very quickly. Sequential high‐resolution STM in air allows the direct observation, for the first time, of the mobility of the usually observed rectangular structures as individual units. It also shows the reversible association/dissociation of these rectangles. The nature of these structures is highly debated in the literature and the present work provides new insights into their nature through the use of a new sulfur precursor under non‐traditional conditions. To explain our results we consider these structures as simple sulfur adlayers on the gold surface.
Effect of Dispersion on the Structure and Dynamics of the Ionic Liquid 1‐Ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Thiocyanate
Authors: Pensado Alfonso S. , Brehm Martin , Thar Jens , Seitsonen Ari P. , Kirchner Barbara
Published: March 2012

We present a comprehensive density functional study, using the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) functional, to elucidate the effect of including or neglecting the dispersion correction on the structure and dynamics of the ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium thiocyanate. We have investigated the structure of the liquid phase and observed that specific interactions between the anions and cations of the ionic liquid were not accurately represented if the dispersion was neglected. The dynamics of the system is more accurately described if the dispersion correction is taken into account and its omission also leads to an incorrect representation of the hydrogen‐bonding dynamics. Finally, the power spectrum is predicted and in good agreement with experimental results. Thus, we conclude that it is possible to represent the structure and dynamics of systems containing ionic liquids accurately using ab initio molecular dynamics and a correction for dispersion.
Three‐Dimensional Hierarchically Ordered Porous Carbons with Partially Graphitic Nanostructures for Electrochemical Capacitive Energy Storage
Authors: Huang Chun‐Hsien , Zhang Qiang , Chou Tsu‐Chin , Chen Cheng‐Meng , Su Dang Sheng , Doong Ruey‐An
Published: March 2012

Three‐dimensional, hierarchically ordered, porous carbon (HOPC) with designed porous textures, serving as an ion‐buffering reservoir, an ion‐transport channel, and a charge‐storage material, is expected to be advanced an energy material for high‐rate supercapacitors. Herein, HOPC without/with partially graphitic nanostructures have been directly synthesized by means of a simple one‐pot synthesis procedure. The designed porous textures of the 3D HOPC materials are composed of highly ordered, fcc macroporous (300 nm), interconnected porous structures, including macroporous windows (170 nm), hexagonally ordered mesopores (5.0 nm), and useful micropores (1.2 nm). 3D HOPC‐g‐1000 (g=graphitic, 1000=pyrolysis temperature of 1000 °C) with partially graphitic nanostructures has a low specific surface area (296 m2 g−1) and a low gravimetric specific capacitance (73.4 F g−1 at 3 mV s−1), but improved electrical conductivity, better rate performance, higher electrolyte accessibility (24.8 μF cm−2 at 3 mV s−1), faster frequency response (≈1 Hz), and excellent cycling performance (>5400 cycles). The specific capacitance per surface area is higher than that of conventional porous carbons, carbon nanotubes, and modified graphene (10–19 μF cm−2).
Joint subchannel and power allocation in multiuser OFDM systems with minimal rate constraints
Authors: Zhao Wentao , Wang Shaowei
Published: March 2012

In this paper, we study the adaptive resource allocation in multiuser orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. We try to maximize the sum capacity of an OFDM system with given transmission power budget, while meeting users' minimal rate requirements. Unlike other resource allocation schemes, which generally separate subchannel allocation and power distribution into independent procedures, our proposed algorithm implements joint subchannel and power allocation. Given a set of subchannels, the required power to satisfy a user's minimal rate constraint is calculated by water‐filling policy. Then, the user who requires the maximum power to meet the rate requirement has a priority to obtain an additional subchannel. The procedure continues until all subchannels are consumed, by which time the consumed power to meet all users' rate requirements is also worked out. Finally, the margin power is allocated among all subchannels in an optimal manner to maximize the sum capacity of the OFDM system. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm performs better than other existing ones. The solution produced by our proposed algorithm is close to the upper bound, while its complexity is relatively lower compared with other methods, which makes it attractive for applications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A general model of opportunistic spectrum sharing with unreliable sensing
Authors: Tang Shensheng
Published: March 2012

We analytically call waiting in the buffer can reconnect when a channel becomes available or drop out when a maximum waiting time is reached. Spectrum sensing errors from either an initiating or an ongoing secondary user cause false alarm and misdetection events, which may impose various impact on both types of users. We analyze multiple sensing errors and multiple possible results cause by the sensing errors, solve the steady‐state probability vector of the system, and derive a set of performance metrics of interest. Numerical results and discussion are presented. The proposed modeling method is expected to be used for evaluation and design of future OSS wireless networks. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Commentary on ‘Steroids for symptom control in infectious mononucleosis (Review)’ with a response from the review authors
Authors: Katz Ben Z. , Hotopf Matthew , Candy Bridget
Published: March 2012

This is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Candy B, Hotopf M. Steroids for symptom control in infectious mononucleosis (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD004402. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004402.pub2.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentary on: ‘Immunostimulants for preventing respiratory tract infection in children’ with a response from the review authors
Authors: Weinberger Miles , Del‐Rio‐Navarro Blanca E. , Espinosa‐Rosales Francisco J.
Published: March 2012

This is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Del‐Rio‐Navarro BE, Espinosa‐Rosales FJ, Flenady V, Sienra‐Monge JJL. Immunostimulants for preventing respiratory tract infection in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD004974. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004974.pub2.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2012 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentary on: ‘Early versus delayed refeeding for children with acute diarrhoea’
Authors: Elliott Elizabeth J.
Published: March 2012

This is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Gregorio GV, Dans LF, Silvestre MA. Early versus delayed refeeding for children with acute diarrhoea. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 7. Art. No.: CD007296. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007296.pub2.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2012 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Spectroscopic Evidence in Solid and Solution of a Discrete Copper(I) Tetrahedral Complex Dimer Supported by Supramolecular Interactions
Authors: Jara Danilo H. , Lemus Luis , Farías Liliana , Freire Eleonora , Baggio Ricardo , Guerrero Juan
Published: March 2012

The first study of the self‐association of a copper(I) tetrahedral complex ([Cu(N‐{4‐nitrophenyl}pyridine‐2‐yl‐methanimine)(PPh3)Br]) has been performed. The formation of a discrete dimer supported by supramolecular π–π stacking and C–H···Br interactions was established by X‐ray diffraction techniques. 1D‐ and 2D NMR techniques were used for the structural characterization of this compound in solution. Unexpected 1H–1H NOE effects are coherent with the presence of a dimer in solution, whose structure replicates that found in the crystal. Dimerization constants obtained by VT‐1H NMR spectroscopy allowed the determination ofthe thermodynamic parameters for the self‐association process, namely ΔS = –0.67 ± 0.21 cal mol–1 K–1, ΔH = –2.00 ± 0.05 kcal mol–1 and ΔG(298 K) = –1.79 kcal mol–1. Consequently, this association process is enthalpy driven.
The contribution of horizontal arching to tunnel face stability
Authors: Anagnostou Georgios
Published: March 2012

The article revisits the classic problem of tunnel face stability with special emphasis on the effect of horizontal stresses. These are important for shear resistance and thus also for the equilibrium of the potentially unstable body in front of the tunnel face, but they also present the difficulty of static indeterminacy. Starting from the computational model of Anagnostou and Kovári, an alternative model is presented, which is based on the so‐called method of slices, and is consistent with silo theory, but does not need an a priori assumption as to the distribution of horizontal stress. In addition, a simple design equation for estimating support pressure under this model is presented and the results of comparative analyses concerning the average stresses in the wedge and the effects of shear resistance at the lateral slip surfaces are shown. The analytical results obtained by the method of slices agree very well with published results of numerical analyses and physical tests.

Beitrag der räumlichen Tragwirkung zur Stabilität der Tunnelbrust. Der vorliegende Artikel untersucht das klassische Problem der Stabilität der Ortsbrust unter besonderer Beachtung der Horizontalspannungen. Letztere sind zwar sehr wichtig für den Gleitwiderstand und somit auch für die Stabilität von potenziellen Bruchkörpern, können aber nicht allein aufgrund von Gleichgewichtsbetrachtungen ermittelt werden. Im Beitrag wird eine Berechnungsmethode vorgestellt, die das Berechnungsmodell nach Anagnostou und Kovári insofern verbessert, dass sie keine a priori Annahme über die Verteilung der Spannungen im keilförmigen Bruchkörper vor der Ortsbrust benötigt und auf konsistente Weise das Gleichgewicht im Keil und im darüber liegenden prismatischen Bruchkörper analysiert. Basierend auf der Lamellenmethode wird eine einfache Bemessungsformel aufgestellt und der Einfluss der horizontalen Verspannung auf den erforderlichen Stützdruck der Ortsbrust aufgezeigt. Die Modellprognosen stimmen mit veröffentlichten Ergebnissen von numerischen Spannungsanalysen sowie mit Versuchsresultaten gut überein.
Potential for environmental impact due to acid gas leakage from wellbores at EOR injection sites near Zama Lake, Alberta
Authors: LeNeveu D.M.
Published: March 2012

The potential for environmental impact from future leakage of toxic hydrogen sulfide (H2S) at an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and acid gas sequestration site near Zama Lake, Alberta, is examined. Over 800 pinnacle reefs are potentially suitable for EOR by injection of acid gas. Leakage rate as a function of time through a reference wellbore is determined for various scenarios including leakage through the annulus of the wellbore and leakage through the central plug seal of the wellbore with an intact and failed wellbore casing. Potential plumes of H2S in the air and in shallow aquifers emanating from a single reference wellbore and from 350 wellbores are modeled. Leakage rates from the 350 wellbores are calculated from randomly sampled wellbore seal failure times, reservoir permeability, and initial amounts of acid gas, and from reference values of other reservoir parameters. Results indicate that for hundreds of years after injection, the entire Zama Lake area of 12 000 km2 could have lethal concentrations of H2S over each of the leaking wellbores. The shallow aquifers over the entire Zama area and over 30 kilometres in the direction of aquifer flow could be undesirably tainted with dissolved H2S. The entire Zama Lake area and hundreds of kilometres beyond could become uninhabitable for more than 1000 years after injection due to toxic plumes of H2S in the air and in shallow aquifers. This analysis has implications for the potential use of acid gas for EOR and for subsurface sequestration in general in areas with large numbers of abandoned wells. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd