bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caracterização e Institucionalização do Sistema Nacional das Redesfito: Elementos que Contribuirão para a Elaboração de um Termo de Referência
Authors: Guilhermino J. F. , Rossi S. J. , Villas Boas G. K. , Quental C. M.
Published: November 2021

Â Despite recent advances in Public Policy and Regulatory frameworks in the field of medicinal plants and phytomedicines added to the efforts of several research groups working in related different areas of knowledge, the development of drugs and extracts from plants in Brazil continues at an extremely slow rhythm. It is estimated that from Brazilian native species no more than 1% was object of use in researches about its potential bio-economic use. This unfavorable board has been configuring, in the phytomedicine area, similar perspective to what already occurs in the pharmaceutical market in general that depend heavily on drugs importation at high costs for companies and consumers. The development realized from the modern view of national innovation systems, local development and, in this case, from each biome, represents a concrete and viable alternative to reach new products and methodologies, achieving overall competitive advantage offered by our natural resources, promoting a technological breakthrough in the production of drugs and breaking the vicious cycle of competition in the same paradigms and technological development of drugs produced from countries where biodiversity cannot be compared to the Brazilian’s. This study presents some elements necessary for building a â€œReference Termâ€ to the National Phyto Network, an essential tool to articulate efforts and achieve the target of developing medicines that can be incorporated into the production system, considering a development model as such that guarantees either the distribution of social benefits as the protection and maintenance of the specific ecosystems.
Effect of NPK fertilization on the chemical properties and bioactive compounds of the cabezona pineapple fruit
Authors: Pérez-Romero Juventino , Salgado García Sergio , Lagunes-Espinoza L. del Carmen , Córdova-Sánchez Samuel , Ortiz-García C. Fredy
Published: November 2021

Objective: To evaluate the effect of NPK fertilization on the chemical properties and bioactive compounds of the cabezona pineapple fruit.
Design/methodology/approach: 15 NPK fertilization treatments were evaluated and carried out in the field in a random complete block design with four repetitions per treatment. At the end of the crop cycle, we determined the pH, °Brix and citric acid % of the fruits that were harvested, following the methodology established in NMX-FF-028 and 011. The pH of the juice was measured directly using a potentiometer. Ascorbic acid was measured with a SIGMA-ALDRICH® kit, the total polyphenol contents were determined following the methodology of De la Cruz-Ricardez et al. (2020), while total flavonoid contents were measured following a modified version of the methodology proposed by Hossain et al. (2011).
Results: The mean values for °Brix, citric acid %, and pH were 7.3, 7.1 and 3.4 respectively, without significant differences between treatments. A highly significant difference in the concentration of ascorbic acid was observed between treatments; treatment three had the highest concentration (19.4 mg 100 g-1 FF). There were no significant differences between the fertilization treatments and the control, regarding total polyphenol content (41.34 mg 100 g-1 FF) and flavonoids (1.6 mg 100 g-1 FF) concentrations.
Study limitations/implications: The ripening degree of the pineapple fruit directly influences the chemical properties and the concentration of bioactive compounds.
Findings/conclusions: NPK fertilization had no effect on °Brix and pH. The citric acid percentage and the total polyphenol content increased as the doses of P2O5 increased. The ascorbic acid concentration and total flavonoid content are not affected by the NPK fertilization dose.
Evaluation of Suitable Lands for Elaeis guineensis Jacq. Using Geographic Information Systems in the Sierra Region, Tabasco, Mexico
Authors: PALMA LÓPEZ DAVID JESÚS , Brindis-Santos Alfredo I. , Pérez-Roblero Albina S. , Zavala-Cruz Joel , Sánchez-Hernández Rufo , Palma-Cancino David J.
Published: November 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the edaphic suitability of Elaeis guineensis at a semi-detailed scale (1:50000), in the Plains and Terraces of Tabasco, Mexico (PTT).
Design/Methodology/Approach: The edaphic requirements consisted of a semi-detailed soil map. The evaluation of the edaphic suitability was based on the agroecological zoning methodology proposed by FAO and the final 1:50000 scale map was developed using the algebra mapping tool with the ArcGis® Geographic Information System.
Results: The Gleysols, Fluvisols, Luvisols, and Lixisols groups dominate the PTT, with 65.1, 16.2, 6.3, and 4%, respectively. Most of the soils (79.95%) have zero suitability for oil palm.
Study Limitations/Implications: Oil palm is the eighth most important perennial crop (over cocoa) for the economy of southeastern Mexico. In this scenario, the expansion of plantations in the country is a possibility; therefore, complying with internal regulations and carry is important.
Findings/Conclusions: The internal drainage of Gleysols soils limits the establishment of E. guineensis plantations in the plains and terraces of Tabasco, Mexico.
Peran Perkembangan Sektor Keuangan Terhadap Industrialisasi di Indonesia
Authors: Putra Hari Setia , Sa`bani Shagi Ratu , Ananda Syifa , Vidriza Ullya
Published: November 2021

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui dampak pembangunan sektor keuangan terhadap industrialisasi di Indonesia selama periode 1990 sampai 2019 dengan menggunakan data deret waktu. Data yang digunakan adalah rasio jumlah uang beredar terhadap PDB, rasio kredit domestik sektor swasta terhadap PDB dan interest spread rate. Hasil uji kausalitas granger pairwise dalam tahapan analisis VECM membuktikan bahwa terdapat hubungan satu arah antara rasio kredit domestik sektor swasta dengan rasio jumlah uang beredar dan rasio jumlah uang beredar dengan interest spread rate. Sedangkan variabel interest spread rate dan rasio kredit domestik sektor swasta memiliki hubungan dua arah. Hasil impulse response menunjukkan bahwa variabel rasio industry value added paling merespon guncangan variabel interest spread rate dibandingkan variabel-variabel lainnya. Hasil variance decomposition menunjukkan bahwa kontribusi yang diberikan variabel interest spread rate terhadap rasio industry value added relatif paling besar dibandingkan dengan kontribusi yang diberikan variabel rasio jumlah uang beredar dan rasio kredit domestic sektor swasta,
PENGARUH PERILAKU PEMIMPIN, MOTIVASI, DISIPLIN PREVENTIF, DAN KEMAMPUAN TERHADAP KINERJA DOSEN DI UNIVERSITAS TEKNOLOGI SURABAYA
Authors: Yanuar Dody , Widodo Agus Purbo
Published: November 2021

Tujuan yang ingin dicapai peneliti dalam hal ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh secara simultan maupun parsial dari Perilaku pemimpin, Motivasi, Disiplin preventif,  Dan Kemampuan Terhadap Kinerja Dosen Di Universitas Teknologi Surabaya, serta untuk mengetahui variabel yang mempunyai pengaruh dominan terhadap Kinerja Dosen Di Universitas Teknologi Surabaya.

Variabel dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari empat  variabel bebas yaitu Perilaku pemimpin (X1), Motivasi (X2), Disiplin preventif (X3), Kemampuan dosen (X4 ), serta satu variabel terikat yaitu Kinerja Dosen Di Universitas Teknologi Surabaya (Y).  Responden yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini adalah sebesar 31 orang, yang merupakan dosen tetap Universitas Teknologi Surabaya.

Metode analisa yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini meliputi : Uji instrumen penelitian, Analisa Regresi Linier Berganda, Uji Asumsi Klasik, Uji Hipotesis dengan menggunakan uji F dan uji t.

Perhitungan regresi linier berganda menunjukkan hasil bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan variabel perilaku pemimpin, motivasi, disiplin preventif, dan kemampuan dosen secara bersama-sama (simultan) terhadap kinerja dosen pada Universitas Teknologi Surabaya. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh temuan  bahwa perilaku pemimpin, motivasi, disiplin preventif, dan kemampuan dosen secara parsial terhadap kinerja dosen pada Universitas Teknologi Surabaya.  Selanjutnya dari pengujian ini menghasilkan variabel Kemampuan Dosen sebagai variabel yang berpengaruh paling dominan terhadap kinerja dosen pada Universitas Teknologi Surabaya.
Profile of Herpes Zoster Patients with Co-morbidities: Cross-sectional Observation at a Tertiary Level Hospital in Dhaka
Authors: Islam Khan Md Shirajul , Md Emran Hossain , Karim ATM Rezaul
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Herpes zoster (HZ) is characterized by an extremely painful vesicular rash, which may be complicated by secondary infection and post-herpetic neuralgia. To date, multiple risk factors associated with HZ have been established, including endocrine diseases, immunosuppressive conditions, cancers, and other chronic medical conditions.
Objectives: To assess the profile of herpes zoster associated with co-morbid condition.
Methods and Materials: This cross sectional study was conducted among purposively selected 130 HZ patients in the department of Dermatology and Venereology, Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Dhaka from January 2017 to December 2018. Data were collected through face to face interview using pretested semi-structured questionnaire.
Results: Out of 130 patients, majority of the patients were male (69.2%) and mean age was 53.5±9.8 years and majority gave the history of chicken pox 60% and common site of involvement were chest (right and left) 33.1% and 48.5%, upper back (right and left) 30.8% and 43.1% and upper right arm 33.1%. About 66.9% patients gave the history of having co-morbid condition like Diabetes 30.8%, Stroke 9.2%, Hypertension 2.3%, Myocardial infarction 3.8%, Peptic ulcer disease 10.0%, Malignancy 2.3%, Tuberculosis 2.3% and Irritable bowel syndrome 2.3%.
Conclusion: Based on our study finding, we can conclude that herpes zoster is a disease that is associated with other co-morbid conditions. If herpes zoster is an early manifestation of undiagnosed co-morbid condition, patients should undergo testing for undiagnosed disease when they present with herpes zoster.
JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 16, No 2 (December) 2020: 40-43
Awareness on Heart Diseases among Bangladesh Army Personnel
Authors: Islam Sheikh Shahidul , Rahman Md Fashiur , Shams ul Huda Muhammad , Kabir SM Humayan , Hamid Md Abdul
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Heart diseases are global public health problem. In 2015, 14.31% of total death in Bangladesh was due to coronary heart disease. Moreover in 2016, 2(two) recruits and 1(one) officer of Bangladesh army encountered sudden death due to cardiac arrest.
Objective: To ascertain the level of knowledge, awareness and health practice regarding the threat of cardiovascular diseases among Bangladesh Army personnel.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 242 members of Bangladesh Army in different training centers and school under Army training and doctrine command (ARTDOC), units of 19 infantry division, Battle group of ARTDOC and Head quarter (HQ) ARTDOC, from February to July 2017.
Results: Among the respondents, 56.2%, 45% and 44.6% respectively mentioned tobacco smoking, obesity and sedentary life style are the causes of heart disease and 62%, 42%, 31%, 10% and 2% mentioned that chest pain, shortness of breathing, sweating, radiating pain in jaw and extremity and snoring-sleep apnea are the symptoms and signs of heart disease.
Conclusion: From the study it was revealed that, majority of the respondents had poor level of knowledge on awareness of heart disease. Adequate effort may be taken to increase the awareness by expert professionals and social media.
JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 16, No 2 (December) 2020: 47-50
Maternal Risk Factors of Low Birth Weight Neonates in a Military Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Munshi Sariful , Sultana Jesmin , Akter Homayra , Akter Suraya
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) is an index of our status of public health, maternal health and nutrition. LBW is a multi-factorial problem. The major challenge in the field of public health is to identify the factors influencing LBW and to institute remedial measures.
Objective: To find out the maternal risk factors of low birth weight neonates.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Ghatail from January 2018 to June 2019. A total of 707 mothers were included in this study who delivered live infants during study period; among them, 122 were LBW neonates. All the mothers of LBW neonates were evaluated and data were collected by using structured questionnaire.
Results: A total 707 live birth occurred during the study period of which 122 were LBW and the incidence of LBW was 17.3%. Out of 122 mothers 18(14.8%) were <20 years, 69 (56.6%) were between 20-30 years and 35(28.7%) were >30 years of age; 19(15.6%) were underweight, 83 (68.0%) were normal weight and 20(16.4%) were overweight and obese; 34(27.9%) took inadequate antenatal check up and 88(72.1%) mother took adequate antenatal check up. Among 122 mothers 25(20.5%) were para 01, 47(38.5%) were para 02 and 50(41%) were para ≥ 03; 16(13.1%) had birth space <2 years and 106(86.9%) had birth space >2 years; 09(7.4%) educated upto primary school, 73(59.8%) educated upto high school and 40(32.8%) educated upto college & above. Regarding maternal illness 30(24.6%) mothers had premature rupture of membranes (PROM), 20(16.4%) had hypertension (HTN), 12(9.8%) had diabetes mellitus (DM), 05(4.1%) had severe oligohydramnios, 05(4.1%) had chronic anaemia and 06 had other illness (4.9%).
Conclusion: The risk factors for LBW babies identified in this study are modifiable. In order to reduce this menace, holistic approaches such as health education, maternal nutrition and increasing the quality and quantity of the antenatal care services are of paramount importance.
JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 16, No 2 (December) 2020: 55-58
Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis in an Immunosuppressed Patient with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Hoque Md Monirul , Chakraborty Sonia , Khan Arif Ahmed
Published: November 2021

Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, an invasive fungal infection caused by an encapsulated fungus Cryptococcus neoformans should be suspected in immune compromised individuals with defective cell-mediated immunity and patients on immunosuppressive drugs with recent development of fever, confusion and loss of consciousness. A rapid diagnosis is fundamental for decreasing morbidity and mortality from cryptococcal disease. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) study and simple stain like India Ink Stain can be performed for diagnosis of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. Here, we report a case of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patient on immunosuppressive drugs diagnosed by CSF study and India ink stain which responded dramatically with antifungal agents after diagnosis.
JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 16, No 2 (December) 2020: 87-89
A Clinical Study of Visual Outcome after Nd YAG Laser Capsulotomy
Authors: Matin Md Abdul , Shahin Mahbubur Rahman , Farhana Zakia , Khaleque Sajed Abdul
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Posterior capsular opacification is caused by migration and proliferation of cuboidal epithelium from remnant of anterior capsule and equatorial part of the lens capsule. Posterior capsular opacification also called after cataract is a nagging post surgical complication following phacoemulsification or non phaco cataract surgery (small incision cataract surgery or conventional cataract surgery) ECCE with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. Posterior capsular opacification is actually misnomer. Though there are many factors suggested to reduced posterior capsular opacification. The incidence of PCO still exists considerably. Aims and Objective are to find out the visual improvement after Nd yag laser posterior capsulotomy.
Materials and Methods: The prospective study was conducted in the department of ophthalmology of Ad-din Women Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from June 2014 to June 2018. 175 patients of 189 eyes with significant PCO. Before laser capsulotomy all patients were assess by routine slit lamp examination, IOP measurement and posterior segment examination done for every patient for exclusion of Gross posterior segment pathology.
Results: The study had female preponderance (58.86%). Most of the patients 165 were 40 to 80 years old (87.31%). The patients had pre laser visual acuity 6/9 to 6/18 (31.75%) 6/24 to <6/60 (68.25%). After laser capsulotomy functional visual acuity upto 6/8 were 169 (89.42%) and 6/24 to <6/60 were 20 (10.58%). The mean pre and post laser capsulotomy visual functional score were 54.45±36.44 and 94.16±50.36 respectively.
Conclusion: Nd YAG laser capsulotomy is safe, non-invasive and effective procedure.
Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(2): 98-101
Efficacy and Safety of Gabapentine and Duloxetine in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Ahmad Hussain , Rahman KM Hafizur , Chowdhury Miftaul Jannat , Bhuiya Monharul Islam , Ferdous Nurjahan , Chowdhury Md Abu Nayeem
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPNP) is not uncommon now a days. As the pathophysiology is not completely understood, symptoms relief is still the main goal of treatment. Gabapentine and Duloxetine are being using around the world for this purpose. But clinical data regarding its efficacy and safety are not sufficiently available.
Materials and Methods: This prospective comparative clinical study conducted in Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College and Sylhet Diabetic Hospital, Bangladesh from January 2013 to December 2013. Diagnosis of DPNP confirmed by Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) and Douleur Neuropathic en-4 (DN4). Patients were treated by Gabapentine (Group-A) and Duloxetine (Group-B); and followed up at 4th, 8th and 12th week of treatment using 11-point numerical pain rating scale (NRS), clinical global impression of change (CGIC) score and patient’s global impression of change (PGIC) score.
Results: A total of 72 patients with DPNP were recruited. Final comparison was done in 64 patients – 33 in Group-A and 31 in Group-B. Changes in NRS (p = <0.001), CGIC (p = <0.001) and PGIC (p = <0.001) were statistically significant during the course of treatment. However, inter-group variation of NRS, CGIC and PGIC were not statistically significant at the beginning and 4th, 8th and 12th week of treatment. Insignificant adverse effects were noted between the groups in this study except constipation (p = 0.022) and nausea-vomiting (p = 0.01) of Duloxetine taking group.
Conclusion: Gabapentine and Duloxetine are equally effective in the treatment of DPNP with good safety profile.
Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(2): 108-113
Lipid Profile in Relation to Body Mass Index among Medical College Students in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Authors: Hossain Md Sakhawat , Islam Md Daharul , Galib Asadullahil , Malek Roksana , Akter Khaleda , Khanam Maksuda
Published: November 2021

Introduction: In Bangladesh, adolescents have unhygienic eating habits; often eating nutritionally unbalanced and junk & fast food diet that is low in dietary fibre and high in cholesterol, simple sugars, fats and additive. These types of dietary habit lead to obesity and dyslipidaemia. Obesity is a worldwide health problem and it is associated with dyslipidaemia and other metabolic syndrome. Objectives: To observe the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and lipid profile among medical college students in Bangladesh.
Materials & Methods: This cross sectional observational study was conducted in Department of Medicine, Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, among the 100 undergraduate medical students. Detailed history, clinical examination and thorough investigations were done and the findings were recorded on a proforma. Data was processed and analysed with the help of computer program SPSS and Microsoft excel.
Results: Maximum subjects (57.0%) were in the age group 21-23 years. Mean age was 23.42±4.5 years. The prevalence of the different abnormal lipid profile including hypercholesterolaemia, low level of HDL, high level of LDL and hypertriglyceridaemia were: 22.0%, 31.0%, 30.0% and 28.0% respectively. Hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia levels were significantly associated with increasing body mass index.
Conclusion: Overweight and obesity is common among the study subjects and those with higher BMI particularly the older ones tend to have abnormal lipid profile. Therefore adequate dietary control, food habit & life-style modification is needed for prevention of dyslipidemia at early life.
Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(2): 114-119
Colonoscopic Yield in Patients with Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding – A Study of 309 Cases
Authors: Saha Madhusudan , Rahman Md Anisur , Zakaria Mohammad , Akter Hely Musammat Aklima , Aktar Nasrin , Abir Habib Ullah
Published: November 2021

Introduction: This retrospective study was done to see colonoscopic yields in patients presenting with lower gastrointestinal bleeding.
Materials & Methods: Reports of patients undergoing colonoscopy due to bleeding per rectum were retrieved from endoscopy records. Patients’ particulars and colonoscopic findings were recorded in a data sheet. Analysis was done using SPSS 20 version.
Results: A total of 309 patients (male 211 (68.3%) and female 98 (31.7) with mean age 40.3 years %)) were included in this study. According to colonoscopic yield, causes of LGIB were haemorrhoids 137 (44.33% ), rectal and colonic growth 58(18.77% ) rectal and colonic polyps 54 (17.47% ), anal fissure 38 (12.29% ), proctitis 18 (5.82%), colitis 18(5.82%), ileal ulcer and ileitis 34(11.0%). Colorectal growth was more common among patients age 26 to 60years. Among male rectal growth was slightly higher than female.
Conclusion: Lower gastrointestinal bleeding is more common among males. Commonest cause of LGIB are internal haemorrhoids, rectal growth, rectal and colonic polyps and anal fissure. Colorectal neoplasm, proctitis, colitis and ileal inflammation and ulcers constitute small part.
Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(2): 120-122
Non-viral Microbial Keratitis in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Reza Mohammed Selim , Chowdhury Shamsul Alam , Talukder Paritush Kanti , Islam Md Tabibul , Hossain Md Altaf , Hussain Nizam Jamil , Jhuma Azima Aktar
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Microbial keratitis is a serious ocular infectious disease that can lead to significant visual loss and ophthalmic morbidity. Objectives were to see the profile of non-viral microbial keratitis in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet between January 2015 and December 2016.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 46.7 ± 16.5 years with male preponderance (54.4%). The most common predisposing factors were trauma (66.7%), and chronic dacryocystitis (25.6%). Fungal growth was more frequent compared to bacterial growth 70 (77.7%) versus 30 (33.3%), p<0.01). Gram positive organisms were Staphylococcus epidermidis (11.1%), Staphylococcus aureus (3.3%); gram negative organisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.2%), Klebsiella species (3.3%) and Escherichia coli (3.3%). Aspergillus species (71.4%) was the commonest fungus. Others were Penicillium species (7.1%), Fusarium species (8.6%), Mucor (10.0%) and Rhizopus (2.9%).
Conclusion: Fungi are more frequent cause of non-viral keratitis. Watering, redness, pain or burning sensation, corneal opacity and dimness of vision are clinical profiles of non-viral microbial keratitis.
Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(2): 133-137
Evaluation of Gartland Type-III Closed Supracondylar Fracture of Humerus in Children Treated by Lateral Percutaneous K-Wires under C-Arm Guidance
Authors: Alam Md Insanul , Kabir Sheikh Firoj , Islam Md Faridul , Hossain Md Ismail , Faruque Md Omar , Ara Hosne , Alam Md Rezaul
Published: November 2021

Introduction: This study has been designed to evaluate the success rate of closed reduction and stabilization by two lateral parallel percutaneous K-wires with the help of C-arm in the management of Gartland type-III closed supracondylar fracture of humerus in children.
Materials and Methods: A prospective quasi experimental study was conducted from January 2015 to December 2016 in NITOR. A total of 30 patients of Gartland type-III closed supracondylar fracture of humerus in children presenting between ages 3-12 years. Informed written consent was taken from patient’s guardian. Regular follow up was targeted for at least 6 month’s. Result was evaluated according to Flynn’s grading.
Results: Mean age was 6.85± 2.37 years, number of patients ware 30, Male patients were more affected 22 (73.33%) than female 8(26.67%), left side patients were more affected. Mean loss of elbow flexion was 9.53 degrees, mean loss of carrying angle was 8.5 degrees. Complications included four (13.33%) cases of pin tract infection, four (13.33%) cases of fracture blister, one (3.33%) case of median nerve palsy, two (6.66%) cases of inadequate pin fixation at first attempt. There were six excellent (20%), eighteen good (60%), three (10%) fair and three (10%) poor results according to Flynn’s grading. The overall 90% satisfactory result and rest 10% unsatisfactory result.
Conclusion: Closed reduction and stabilization by two lateral parallel percutaneous K-wires is a better method for treatment of Gartland type-III closed supracondylar fracture in children.
Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(2): 138-142
Memoria, trauma y experiencia. Sobre los patrimonios conflictivos y el turismo oscuro
Authors: Ortiz García Carmen
Published: November 2021

"(...) Por este motivo, a mi juicio, el carácter de banalización, de mercantilización, de masividad impersonal que la práctica del turismo oscuro, y sus motivaciones distintas, conlleva no debe confundirse con el fundamento, que se ha querido ver como sagrado en algunos casos, como el Holocausto y los campos de exterminio (Young, 1993), que tienen los patrimonios traumáticos" (extracto de la contribución a la sección Debate de revista PH 105 sobre "Interpretación y gestión del patrimonio en los espacios del turismo oscuro" .
Rubella, German Measles
Authors: Peltola Heikki
Published: November 2021

Rubella is caused by an RNA virus. Infection results mostly in few or no symptoms. Viremia and viral shedding start before a rash may be seen.

German physicians were probably the first to describe rubella in the early 19th century, hence the name "German measles". A British physician reported an outbreak in a boys’ school in India in 1841. He used the word rubella, "little red", a Latin diminutive from ruber (red).

Rubella is often indistinguishable from other viral exanthematous diseases, but palpable posterior auricular and suboccipital lymph nodes are almost pathognomonic.

Rubella infection during pregnancy may result in cataract, heart disease and deafness in an infant, forming the key triad defining “congenital rubella syndrome”, CRS. Also, mental retardation is common. After birth, rubella is a mild disease with rare complications only.

There is no treatment for rubella or CRS, but vaccination programs usually with MMR-vaccine maintaining high vaccine uptake over time can virtually eliminate rubella.
Bioinformatics inspiring peptides from toxins as a new alternative in obesity treatment
Authors: Boleti Ana Paula de Aráujo , Rodrigues Thiago Antonio Almeida , Biembengute Maria Eduarda Freitas , Mukoyama Lincoln Takashi Hota , Migliolo Ludovico
Published: November 2021

Obesity is a nutritional disorder caused by the excessive accumulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) in the body, which is characterized by a high body mass index and interferes with the body's energy balance. Obesity is a major risk factor for a number of different diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, fatty liver disease and some malignant tumors. The treatment of obesity primarily focuses on diet and physical exercise; when lifestyle changes fail, drugs and surgery will be considered as treatment options. At present, a number of so‑called anti‑obesity drugs have been developed, which affect digestion and absorption. These drugs can produce significant weight loss in the individual; however, some patients are unwilling to receive this type of treatment, due to side effects such as insomnia, hypertension and dizziness. This perspective shows that rational design is an alternative methodology based on native bioactive molecules for the development of analogous compounds, improved from the point of view of efficiency and side effects. We also show that the modification of peptides from animal toxins can be an interesting alternative in the treatment of obesity, since peptides from toxins have already shown significant anti-inflammatory effects.
Pentingnya Manajemen Risiko dalam dunia Pendidikan (Sekolah) Selama dan Pasca Covid-19
Authors: Maximus Ali Perajaka  , Yohanes Ngamal
Published: November 2021

Abstrak:Studi ini mempelajari mengenai konsep dan penerapan manajemen risiko, secara khusus dalam bidang Pendidikan (sekolah). Topik ini dipilih karena, pandemic Covid-19 telah menimbulkan dampak yang sangat luas dan mendalam pada bidang Pendidikan, sehingga sekitar 80 persen para guru dan siswa di tingkat global, dan sekitar 90-an persen sekolah di Indonesia pernah ditutup untuk kegiatan pembelajaran tatap muka. Studi ini terasa semakin penting, karena saat ini, Ketika tren penyebaran Covid-19 mulai melandai, otoritas Pendidikan (Kemendikbudristed) dan penyelenggara dan/atau pengelola sekolah bersiap-siap membuka kembali sekolah. Ketika sekolah Kembali dibuka, maka otoritas bersama penyelenggara dan/atau pengelola sekolah perlu menerapkan manajemen risiko secara lebih serius guna mencegah agar sekolah tidak Kembali menjadi kluster penyebaran Covid-19 gelombang baru.
Annual yield and botanical composition of four dryland grass species with or without nitrogen over six years
Authors: Talamini Junior Marcus , Sharifiamina Shirin , David Elsa Axelle , Mills Annamaria , Moot Derrick Jan
Published: November 2021

Nitrogen (N) and water availability affect pasture production and persistence. Yield and botanical composition of four monocultures of brome (BR), cocksfoot (CF), perennial ryegrass (RG) and tall fescue (TF) were evaluated with (+N) or without (-N) N at Ashley Dene farm, Canterbury, over six growth seasons from establishment in 2014/15 (Year 1) to 2019/20 (Year 6). Total annual yields ranged from 2.04 (RG-N; Year 1) to 12.7 t DM/ha/yr (CF+N; Year 3). Yields differed among species in Years 1, 3, 4 and 6 when TF pastures had the lowest production. There was no difference in DM production from BR, CF and RG pastures. Additionally, +N pastures produced ~55% more yield than –N pastures in Years 3 and 5 when spring/summer rainfall was adequate to maintain growth. Sown grasses accounted for >89% of total DM yield in Years 1 and 2 but the proportion of total annual DM production from sown species declined from Year 3. By Year 6, sown species accounted for 48±3.3 (TF) to 64±3.3% (BR, CF and RG) of total annual DM production. Generally, TF failed to perform in this dryland environment. In contrast, the production and persistence of the other three species were not different when subjected to water deficits alone.
Gluing Living Bone Using a Biomimetic Bioadhesive: From Initial Cut to Final Healing
Authors: Procter Philip , Hulsart-Billström Gry , Alves Antoine , Pujari-Palmer Michael , Wenner David , Insley Gerard , Engqvist Håkan , Larsson Sune
Published: November 2021

Osteoporotic fractures are a growing issue due to the increasing incidence of osteoporosis worldwide. High reoperation rates in osteoporotic fractures call for investigation into new methods in improving fixation of osteoporotic bones. In the present study, the strength of a recently developed bone bioadhesive, OsStictm, was evaluated in vivo using a novel bone core assay in a murine animal model at 0, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 42 days. Histology and micro-CT were obtained at all time points, and the mean peak pull-out force was assessed on days 0–28. The adhesive provided immediate fixation to the bone core. The mean peak bone core pull-out force gradually decreased from 6.09 N (σ 1.77 N) at day 0 to a minimum of 3.09 N (σ 1.08 N) at day 7, recovering to 6.37 N (σ 4.18 N) by day 28. The corresponding fibrin (Tisseel) control mean peak bone core pull-out characteristic was 0.27 N (σ 0.27 N) at day 0, with an abrupt increase from 0.37 N (σ 0.28) at day 3, 6.39 N (σ 5.09 N) at day 7, and continuing to increase to 11.34 N (σ 6.5 N) by day 28. The bone cores failed either through core pull-out or by the cancellous part of the core fracturing. Overall, the adhesive does not interrupt healing with pathological changes or rapid resorption. Initially, the adhesive bonded the bone core to the femur, and over time, the adhesive was replaced by a vascularised bone of equivalent quality and quantity to the original bone. At the 42 day time point, 70% of the adhesive in the cancellous compartment and 50% in the cortical compartment had been replaced. The adhesive outwith the bone shell was metabolized by cells that are only removing the material excess with no ectopic bone formation. It is concluded that the adhesive is not a physical and biochemical barrier as the bone heals through the adhesive and is replaced by a normal bone tissue. This adhesive composition meets many of the clinical unmet needs expressed in the literature, and may, after further preclinical assessments, have potential in the repair of bone and osteochondral fragments.
Yak Pericardium as an Alternative Biomaterial for Transcatheter Heart Valves
Authors: Song Mingzhe , Tang Zhenjie , Liu Yuhong , Xie Xinlong , Qi Xiaoke , Wu Qiying , Jiang Zhenlin , Wu Zhongshi , Qian Tao
Published: November 2021

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has received much attention and development in the past decade due to its lower risk of complication and infections compared to a traditional open thoracotomy. However, the current commercial transcatheter heart valve does not fully meet clinical needs; therefore, new biological materials must be found in order to meet these requirements. We have discovered a new type of biological material, the yak pericardium. This current research studied its extracellular matrix structure, composition, mechanical properties, and amino acid content. Folding experiment was carried out to analyze the structure and mechanics after folding. We also conducted a subcutaneous embedding experiment to analyze the inflammatory response and calcification after implantation. Australian bovine pericardium, local bovine pericardium, and porcine pericardium were used as controls. The overall structure of the yak pericardium is flat, the collagen runs regularly, it has superior mechanical properties, and the average thickness is significantly lower than that of the Australian bovine and the local bovine pericardium control groups. The yak pericardium has a higher content of elastic fibers, showing that it has a better compression resistance effect during the folding experiment as well as having less expression of transplantation-related antigens. We conducted in vivo experiments and found that the yak pericardium has less inflammation and a lower degree of calcification. In summary, the yak pericardium, which is thin and strong, has lower immunogenicity and outstanding anti-calcification effects may be an excellent candidate valve leaflet material for TAVI.
Granule Leakage Induces Cell-Intrinsic, Granzyme B-Mediated Apoptosis in Mast Cells
Authors: Burgener Sabrina Sofia , Brügger Melanie , Leborgne Nathan Georges François , Sollberger Sophia , Basilico Paola , Kaufmann Thomas , Bird Phillip Ian , Benarafa Charaf
Published: November 2021

Mast cells are multifunctional immune cells scattered in tissues near blood vessels and mucosal surfaces where they mediate important reactions against parasites and contribute to the pathogenesis of allergic reactions. Serine proteases released from secretory granules upon mast cell activation contribute to these functions by modulating cytokine activity, platelet activation and proteolytic neutralization of toxins. The forced release of granule proteases into the cytosol of mast cells to induce cell suicide has recently been proposed as a therapeutic approach to reduce mast cell numbers in allergic diseases, but the molecular pathways involved in granule-mediated mast cell suicide are incompletely defined. To identify intrinsic granule proteases that can cause mast cell death, we used mice deficient in cytosolic serine protease inhibitors and their respective target proteases. We found that deficiency in Serpinb1a, Serpinb6a, and Serpinb9a or in their target proteases did not alter the kinetics of apoptosis induced by growth factor deprivationin vitroor the number of peritoneal mast cellsin vivo. The serine protease cathepsin G induced marginal cell death upon mast cell granule permeabilization only when its inhibitors Serpinb1a or Serpinb6a were deleted. In contrast, the serine protease granzyme B was essential for driving apoptosis in mast cells. On granule permeabilization, granzyme B was required for caspase-3 processing and cell death. Moreover, cytosolic granzyme B inhibitor Serpinb9a prevented caspase-3 processing and mast cell death in a granzyme B-dependent manner. Together, our findings demonstrate that cytosolic serpins provide an inhibitory shield preventing granule protease-induced mast cell apoptosis, and that the granzyme B-Serpinb9a-caspase-3 axis is critical in mast cell survival and could be targeted in the context of allergic diseases.
HIF1 and ID1 Interplay Confers Adaptive Survival to HIF1α-Inhibition
Authors: Geng Hao , Ko Hyun-Kyung , Pittsenbarger Janet , Harvey Christopher T. , Xue Changhui , Liu Qiong , Wiens Sadie , Kachhap Sushant K. , Beer Tomasz M. , Qian David Z.
Published: November 2021

Hypoxia is a universal pathological feature of solid tumors. Hypoxic tumor cells acquire metastatic and lethal phenotypes primarily through the activities of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α). Therefore, HIF1α is considered as a promising therapeutic target. However, HIF inhibitors have not proven to be effective in clinical testing. The underlying mechanism is unclear. We report that oncogenic protein ID1 is upregulated in hypoxia by HIF1α shRNA or pharmacological inhibitors. In turn, ID1 supports tumor growth in hypoxiain vitroand in xenograftsin vivo, conferring adaptive survival response and resistance. Mechanistically, ID1 proteins interfere HIF1-mediated gene transcription activation, thus ID1 protein degradation is accelerated by HIF1α-dependent mechanisms in hypoxia. Inhibitions of HIF1α rescues ID1, which compensates the loss of HIF1α by the upregulation of GLS2 and glutamine metabolism, thereby switching the metabolic dependency of HIF1α -inhibited cells from glucose to glutamine.
MicroRNA-222 Transferred From Semen Extracellular Vesicles Inhibits Sperm Apoptosis by Targeting BCL2L11
Authors: Ding Yaqun , Ding Ning , Zhang Yu , Xie Shenmin , Huang Mengna , Ding Xiangdong , Dong Wuzi , Zhang Qin , Jiang Li
Published: November 2021

Seminal plasma contains a large number of extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, the roles of these EVs and their interactions with sperm are not clear. To identify the important molecules affecting sperm motility in EVs, we analyzed RNA from seminal plasma EVs of boars with different sperm motility using whole-transcriptome sequencing and proteomic analysis. In total, 7 miRNAs, 67 lncRNAs, 126 mRNAs and 76 proteins were differentially expressed between the two groups. We observed that EV-miR-222 can obviously improve sperm motility. In addition, the results suggested that miR-222 was transferred into sperm by the EVs and that miR-222 affected sperm apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of EGFR, BCL2L11, BAX, CYCs, CASP9 and CASP3. The results of electron microscopy also showed that overexpression of miR-222 in EVs could reduce sperm apoptosis. The study of the whole transcriptomes and proteomes of EVs in boar semen revealed some miRNAs may play an important role in these EVs interactions with Duroc sperm, and the findings suggest that the release of miR-222 by semen EVs is an important mechanism by which sperm viability is maintained and sperm apoptosis is reduced. Our studies provide a new insight of miR-222 in EVs regulation for sperm motility and sperm apoptosis.
Ankrd31 in Sperm and Epididymal Integrity
Authors: Manfrevola Francesco , Martinez Guillaume , Coutton Charles , Rocco Domenico , Reynaud Karine , Le Vern Yves , Froment Pascal , Beauclair Linda , Aubert Denise , Pierantoni Riccardo , Chianese Rosanna , Guillou Florian
Published: November 2021

Ankyrin proteins (ANKRD) are key mediators linking membrane and sub-membranous cytoskeletal proteins. Recent findings have highlighted a new role of ANKRD31 during spermatogenesis, elucidating its involvement in meiotic recombination and male germ cell progression. Following testicular differentiation, spermatozoa (SPZ) enter into the epididymis, where they undergo several biochemical and enzymatic changes. The epididymal epithelium is characterized by cell-to-cell junctions that are able to form the blood-epididymal barrier (BEB). This intricate epithelial structure provides the optimal microenvironment needed for epididymal sperm maturation. To date, no notions have been reported regarding a putative role of ANKRD31 in correct BEB formation. In our work, we generated an Ankrd31 knockout male mouse model (Ankrd31–/–) and characterized its reproductive phenotype. Ankrd31–/– mice were infertile and exhibited oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia (a low number of immotile SPZ with abnormal morphological features). In addition, a complete deregulation of BEB was found in Ankrd31–/–, due to cell-to-cell junction anomalies. In order to suggest that BEB deregulation may depend on Ankrd31 gene deletion, we showed the physical interaction among ANKRD31 and some epithelial junction proteins in wild-type (WT) epididymides. In conclusion, the current work shows a key role of ANKRD31 in the control of germ cell progression as well as sperm and epididymal integrity.
Microinjection Method for Analyzing Zebrafish Early Stage Oocytes
Authors: Kobayashi Manami , Jamieson-Lucy Allison , Mullins Mary C.
Published: November 2021

Maternal factors which accumulate and establish oocyte polarity during the early stages of oogenesis play key roles in embryonic development, as well as germ cell formation. However, vertebrate oogenesis, especially early stages of oogenesis, is not well understood due to the difficulty of accessing these oocytes and the lack of analytical methods. Here, we report on a microinjection method for analyzing zebrafish early-stage oocytes and some artifacts to be aware of when performing oocyte injections or analyzing oocytes. Using this method, we successfully injected mRNAs encoding fluorescent-tagged proteins into early-stage oocytes and observed subcellular localization in the live oocytes. This method is expected to advance the functional analysis of genes involved in oogenesis.
Intrinsic Mechanical Cues and Their Impact on Stem Cells and Embryogenesis
Authors: Petzold Jonna , Gentleman Eileen
Published: November 2021

Although understanding how soluble cues direct cellular processes revolutionised the study of cell biology in the second half of the 20th century, over the last two decades, new insights into how mechanical cues similarly impact cell fate decisions has gained momentum. During development, extrinsic cues such as fluid flow, shear stress and compressive forces are essential for normal embryogenesis to proceed. Indeed, both adult and embryonic stem cells can respond to applied forces, but they can also detect intrinsic mechanical cues from their surrounding environment, such as the stiffness of the extracellular matrix, which impacts differentiation and morphogenesis. Cells can detect changes in their mechanical environment using cell surface receptors such as integrins and focal adhesions. Moreover, dynamic rearrangements of the cytoskeleton have been identified as a key means by which forces are transmitted from the extracellular matrix to the cell and vice versa. Although we have some understanding of the downstream mechanisms whereby mechanical cues are translated into changes in cell behaviour, many of the signalling pathways remain to be defined. This review discusses the importance of intrinsic mechanical cues on adult cell fate decisions, the emerging roles of cell surface mechano-sensors and the cytoskeleton in enabling cells to sense its microenvironment, and the role of intracellular signalling in translating mechanical cues into transcriptional outputs. In addition, the contribution of mechanical cues to fundamental processes during embryogenesis such as apical constriction and convergent extension is discussed. The continued development of tools to measure the biomechanical properties of soft tissues in vivo is likely to uncover currently underestimated contributions of these cues to adult stem cell fate decisions and embryogenesis, and may inform on regenerative strategies for tissue repair.
Thermodynamic and Structural Modelling of Non-Stoichiometric Ln-Doped UO2 Solid Solutions,Ln = {La, Pr, Nd, Gd}
Authors: Vinograd Victor L. , Bukaemskiy Andrey A. , Modolo Giuseppe , Deissmann Guido , Bosbach Dirk
Published: November 2021

Available data on the dependence of the equilibrium chemical potential of oxygen on degrees of doping, z, and non-stoichiometry, x, y, in U1-zLnzO2+0.5(x-y) fluorite solid solutions and data on the dependence of the lattice parameter, a, on the same variables are combined within a unified structural-thermodynamic model. The thermodynamic model fits experimental isotherms of the oxygen potential under the assumptions of a non-ideal mixing of the endmembers, UO2, UO2.5, UO1.5, LnO1.5, and Ln0.5U0.5O2, and of a significant reduction in the configurational entropy arising from short-range ordering (SRO) within cation-anion distributions. The structural model further investigates the SRO in terms of constraints on admissible values of cation coordination numbers and, building on these constraints, fits the lattice parameter as a function of z, y, and x. Linking together the thermodynamic and structural models allows predicting the lattice parameter as a function of z, T and the oxygen partial pressure. The model elucidates contrasting structural and thermodynamic changes due to the doping with LaO1.5, on the one hand, and with NdO1.5 and GdO1.5, on the other hand. An increased oxidation resistance in the case of Gd and Nd is attributed to strain effects caused by the lattice contraction due to the doping and to an increased thermodynamic cost of a further contraction required by the oxidation.
Power Management of Hybrid Grid System With Battery Deprivation Cost Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Riyaz Ahmed , Sadhu Pradip Kumar , Iqbal Atif , Tariq Mohd , Urooj Shabana , Alrowais Fadwa
Published: November 2021

Continuous power supply in an integrated electric system supplied by solar energy and battery storage can be optimally maintained with the use of diesel generators. This article discusses the optimum setting-point for isolated wind, photo-voltaic, diesel, and battery storage electric grid systems. Optimal energy supply for hybrid grid systems means that the load is sufficient for 24 h. This study aims to integrate the battery deprivation costs and the fuel price feature in the optimization model for the hybrid grid. In order to count charge–discharge cycles and measure battery deprivation, the genetic algorithm concept is utilized. To solve the target function, an ANN-based algorithm with genetic coefficients can also be used to optimize the power management system. In the objective function, a weight factor is proposed. Specific weight factor values are considered for simulation studies. On the algorithm actions, charging status, and its implications for the optimized expense of the hybrid grid, the weight factor effect is measured.