bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular gas properties of Q1700-MD94: A massive main-sequence galaxy at z ≈ 2
Authors: Henríquez-Brocal K. , Herrera-Camus R. , Tacconi L. , Genzel R. , Bolatto A. , Bovino S. , Demarco R. , Förster Schreiber N. , Lee M. , Lutz D. , Rubio M.
Published: December 2021

We use a combination of new NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) observations of the pair of [CI] transitions, the CO(7-6) line, and the dust continuum, in addition to ancillary CO(1-0) and CO(3-2) data, to study the molecular gas properties of Q1700-MD94. This is a massive, main-sequence galaxy at z ≈ 2. We find that for a reasonable set of assumptions for a typical massive star-forming galaxy, the CO(1-0), the [CI](1-0) and the dust continuum yield molecular gas masses that are consistent within a factor of ∼2. The global excitation properties of the molecular gas as traced by the [CI] and CO transitions are similar to those observed in other massive star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 2. Our large velocity gradient modeling using RADEX of the CO and [CI] spectral line energy distributions suggests the presence of relatively warm (Tkin = 41 K), dense (nH2 = 8 × 103 cm−3) molecular gas, comparable to the high-excitation molecular gas component observed in main-sequence star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 1. The galaxy size in the CO(1-0) and CO(7-6) line emission is comparable, which suggests that the highly excited molecular gas is distributed throughout the disk, powered by intense star formation activity. A confirmation of this scenario will require spatially resolved observations of the CO and [CI] lines, which can now be obtained with NOEMA upgraded capabilities.
Discovery of strongly lensed quasars in the Ultraviolet Near Infrared Optical Northern Survey (UNIONS)
Authors: Chan J. H. H. , Lemon C. , Courbin F. , Gavazzi R. , Clément B. , Millon M. , Paic E. , Rojas K. , Savary E. , Vernardos G. , Cuillandre J.-C. , Fabbro S. , Gwyn S. , Hudson M. J. , Kilbinger M. , McConnachie A.
Published: December 2021

We report the discovery of five new doubly imaged lensed quasars from the first 2500 square degrees of the ongoing Canada-France Imaging Survey (CFIS), which is a component of the Ultraviolet Near Infrared Optical Northern Survey. The systems are preselected in the initial catalogues of eitherGaiapairs or MILLIQUAS quasars. We then take advantage of the deep, 0.6″median-seeingr-band imaging of CFIS to confirm the presence of multiple point sources with similar colour ofu − rvia convolution of the Laplacian of the point spread function. Requiring point sources of similar colour and with flux ratios of less than 2.5 mag inr-band, we reduce the number of candidates from 256 314 to 7815. After visual inspection, we obtain 30 high-grade candidates, and prioritise a spectroscopic follow-up analysis for those showing signs of a lensing galaxy upon subtraction of the point sources. We obtain long-slit spectra for 18 candidates with ALFOSC on the 2.56-m Nordic Optical Telescope, confirming five new doubly lensed quasars with 1.21 < z < 3.36 and angular separations from 0.8″ to 2.5″. One additional system is a probable lensed quasar based on the CFIS imaging and existing SDSS spectrum. We further classify six objects as nearly identical quasars, that is, possible lenses but without the detection of a lensing galaxy. Given our recovery rate (83%) of existing optically bright lenses within the CFIS footprint, we expect that a similar strategy, coupled withu − rcolour-selection from CFIS alone, will provide an efficient and complete discovery of small-separation lensed quasars of source redshifts belowz = 2.7 within the CFISr-band magnitude limit of 24.1 mag.
Manger, respirer, crier, parler, chanter : l’épopée zoologique du langage
Authors: Couly Gérard
Published: December 2021

L’émergence du langage doit son succès à des circonstances favorables de l’Évolution : la genèse neurogénomique du centre moteur frontal pneumo-laryngo-bucco-lingual de Broca, associée au gèneFOXP2; l’utilisation, pour la production du langage, de la neuro-fonctionnalité des organes de la respiration et de l’oralité nutritionnelle, efficiente depuis des millions d’années ; et le connectome, la connexion des voies motrices pyramidales et cortico-nucléaires de l’encéphale. Celles-ci, en raccordant le centre de Broca aux effecteurs neuromusculaires de la ventilation et de l’oralité nutritionnelle, ont assuré au langage sa production sonore laryngée et son articulation, qui ont succédé aux cris du nourrisson, ce protolangage. Manger, puis respirer et crier ont constitué une filiation fondatrice du futur langage.
Le raisonnement clinique : regards rétrospectif et prospectif sur le concept
Authors: Deschênes Marie-France
Published: December 2021

Contexte et problématique : Les dernières décennies ont été marquées par de très nombreuses publications en pédagogie des sciences de la santé, consacrées au concept de raisonnement clinique. Toutefois, la diversité des écrits et des théories sur le concept peut semer une certaine confusion. But : Présenter une brève synthèse des conceptions théoriques liées au raisonnement clinique en pédagogie des sciences de la santé. Résultats : Alors que les cognitivistes abordent le raisonnement clinique sous la loupe des processus cognitifs et métacognitifs du praticien, les sociocognitivistes étudient la prise de « décision en situation » où la reconnaissance de signes et de signaux du contexte oriente le raisonnement clinique. Conceptualisé comme un « construit social », le raisonnement clinique est aussi un phénomène menant à la socialisation professionnelle où sont véhiculées les mœurs, les valeurs et les pratiques courantes dans une profession. Enfin, des artéfacts tels que l’intelligence artificielle, ainsi que les outils ou les matériaux de la pratique augmentent la cognition du praticien. La perspective d’une cognition écologique, inscrite dans un environnement complexe, est proposée. Discussion et conclusion : Les principales conceptions théoriques liées au raisonnement clinique suggèrent le soutien pédagogique au développement de la compétence en plus de l’utilisation d’une variété d’outils d’évaluation. L’apport d’autres théories provenant des neurosciences, de la sociologie et des sciences de la complexité pourrait enrichir la compréhension du concept et assurer les progrès dans la recherche, l’enseignement et l’apprentissage de la compétence.
Quel est le type de débriefing post-simulation le plus efficace pour des apprenants expérimentés ? Une étude prospective randomisée
Authors: Secheresse Thierry , Pansu Pascal , Lima Laurent
Published: December 2021

Contexte :Le débriefing dans le secteur de la santé est souvent considéré comme un processus de réflexion centré sur l’apprenant nécessaire pour la construction des connaissances, où le formateur joue un rôle de facilitateur. Cependant, diverses études soulignent l’importance que le débriefing soit explicite pour les apprenants novices. Cet article examine l’efficacité de différents types de débriefing, simulation, pour des apprenants expérimentés qui travaillent dans des équipes d’urgence.Objectif :Cette étude vise à vérifier si le débriefing explicite est aussi efficace pour les professionnels expérimentés qu’il l’a été pour les apprenants novices.Méthodes :Cette étude prospective randomisée monocentrique a été réalisée dans le cadre d’un programme de simulation basé sur des interventions d’urgence lors d’un arrêt cardiaque. Les connaissances déclarées de chaque participant, leur auto-efficacité et l’efficacité de l’équipe ont été mesurées avant et après la formation par simulation.Résultats :Les résultats montrent un effet bénéfique sur les connaissances et l’auto-efficacité pour les deux types de débriefing. Les soins apportés aux patients ont aussi été optimisés pour les deux types de débriefing.Conclusion :Les deux types de débriefing post-simulation sont efficaces pour les équipes d’urgence expérimentées.
The innovation and clinical application of ischemia-free organ transplantation
Authors: Guo Zhiyong , Luo Tao , Zhao Qiang , He Xiaoshun
Published: December 2021

The incidence rate of liver cancer is increasing year by year globally. Liver transplantation has become one of the therapeutic methods for patients with liver cancer. In the past, ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) was unavoidable in liver transplantation, compromising recipient and graft survival. At the same time, the imbalance between the supply and demand of organs limits the use of transplantation in patients with liver cancer. Recently, advances have been made in machine perfusion techniques to reduce graft IRI. However, none of the techniques can completely abrogate graft IRI. In 2017, the concept of ischemia-free organ transplantation (IFOT) was proposed, and our group conducted the first case of ischemia-free liver transplantation (IFLT). We then extended the concept of IFOT to kidney transplantation in 2018 and to heart transplantation in 2021. Here, we review the history, strengths, and weaknesses, and the future direction of IFOT, particularly in patients with liver cancers.
Interdisziplinäre Empfehlungen zur Behandlung des fortgeschrittenen Nierenzellkarzinoms
Authors: Miller Kurt , Bergmann Lothar , Doehn Christian , Grünwald Viktor , Gschwend Jürgen E. , Ivanyi Philipp , Kuczyk Markus A.
Published: December 2021

In den letzten zwei Jahren sind Anti-VEGFR-Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitoren (TKI) in der Erstlinientherapie des fortgeschrittenen Nierenzellkarzinom nahezu komplett durch Immuntherapie-Kombinationen mit Checkpoint-Inhibitoren ersetzt worden. Die Prognose der Patienten konnte damit nochmals deutlich verbessert werden. In den entsprechenden Zulassungsstudien wurden mediane Überlebenszeiten von drei bis vier Jahren erreicht. Die TKI-Monotherapie hat bei günstigem Progressionsrisiko, bei Kontraindikationen gegen eine Immuntherapie und im Kontext der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie aber weiterhin einen Stellenwert.

Die Frage, welche Therapie für welche Patient/-innen geeignet ist, stellt sich vor dem Hintergrund von zwei CPI-TKI-Kombinationen und einer reinen CPI-Kombination als neuem Erstlinien-Standard auf einer neuen Basis. Temsirolimus und die Kombination Bevacizumab + Interferon-alpha spielen nahezu keine Rolle mehr. In der Zweitlinientherapie wurde für Nivolumab und Cabozantinib nach TKI-Vortherapie ein signifikanter Überlebensvorteil gegenüber Everolimus gezeigt. Die Kombination Lenvatinib + Everolimus sowie Axitinib sind weitere zugelassene Substanzen. Auch für TKI liegen Daten vor, allerdings mit begrenzter Aussagekraft. Everolimus als Monotherapie ist durch die neuen Optionen in der Zweitlinie abgelöst worden. Insgesamt fehlt es an Biomarkern, die bei der Therapiewahl unterstützen könnten. Die kürzlich erfolgte Aktualisierung der S3-Leitlinie war daher ein wichtiger Schritt, um evidenzbasiert in der klinischen Praxis Orientierung zu geben.

Bei potenziell komplexeren Therapiealgorithmen und gleichzeitig nur wenig Evidenz muss auch die Frage nach der optimalen Sequenztherapie neu diskutiert werden. Die meisten Zweitlinien-Optionen wurden nach Versagen einer gegen VEGF-gerichteten TKI-Therapie geprüft, die nur noch für eine Minderheit der Patient/-innen infrage kommt.

Im Rahmen eines interdisziplinären Expertengesprächs wurden im November 2020 die aktuelle Datenlage einschließlich neuerer Studienergebnisse sowie relevante Kriterien für die individuelle Therapieentscheidung diskutiert. Auch die SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie fand dabei Berücksichtigung. Ziel war es, gemeinsame Empfehlungen auf Basis der aktuell publizierten Daten und der eigenen klinischen Erfahrung für den Praxisalltag abzuleiten. Die Ergebnisse werden in dieser Publikation vorgestellt.
Sonography-Based Determination of Hip Joint Anterior Alpha-Angle: A Reliable and Reproducible Method
Authors: Schamberger Christian T. , Stein Stephan , Gruber Gerd , Suda Arnold J.
Published: December 2021

Purpose Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a known risk factor for hip osteoarthritis. The gold standard for diagnostics is X-ray and MRI. The accuracy of hip joint alpha angle measurements obtained using sonography is equal to measurements in MRI for patients with cam impingement of the hip joint.

Materials and Methods Patients with hip pain and MRI and sonography were evaluated between January 2015 and December 2019 in a single center. Musculoskeletal sonography was performed according to the DEGUM guidelines by ultrasound-certified specialists. Measurements were repeated three times by two independent investigators.

Results 285 patients were screened, and 110 patients (49 females, 61 males) met the inclusion criteria. The mean age at time of investigation of 54 left and 56 right hip joints was 54.2 years. 1320 measurements were performed. The mean alpha angle was 50.7° in MRI and 50.4° in sonography with a mean difference of 0.28° (p>0.05).

Conclusion Determining hip alpha angle using sonography is a safe and reproducible method. No statistically significant differences between results in MRI and sonography could be seen. Although this is a retrospective, single-center study including only Caucasian mid-Europeans and with the known limitations of ultrasound imaging, it nevertheless shows that sonography can be used as a simple, cheap, and fast technique to assess the hip alpha angle without losing diagnostic quality.
Aphasia and a Dual-Stream Language Model in a 4-Year-Old Female with Landau–Kleffner Syndrome
Authors: Kawai Michiko , Abe Yuichi , Yumoto Masato , Kubota Masaya
Published: December 2021

Landau–Kleffner syndrome (LKS) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by acquired aphasia. LKS presents with distinctive electroencephalography (EEG) findings, including diffuse continuous spike and wave complexes (CSW), particularly during sleep. There has been little research on the mechanisms of aphasia and its origin within the brain and how it recovers. We diagnosed LKS in a 4-year-old female with an epileptogenic zone located primarily in the right superior temporal gyrus or STG (nondominant side). In the course of her illness, she had early signs of motor aphasia recovery but was slow to regain language comprehension and recover from hearing loss. We suggest that the findings from our patient's brain imaging and the disparity between her recovery from expressive and receptive aphasias are consistent with the dual-stream model of speech processing in which the nondominant hemisphere also plays a significant role in language comprehension. Unlike aphasia in adults, the right-hemisphere disorder has been reported to cause delays in language comprehension and gestures in early childhood. In the period of language acquisition, it requires a process of understanding what the words mean by integrating and understanding the visual, auditory, and contextual information. It is thought that the right hemisphere works predominantly with respect to its integrating role.
Combined Pipeline Embolization Device with Endoscopic Endonasal Fascia Lata/Muscle Graft Repair as a Salvage Technique for Treatment of Iatrogenic Carotid Artery Pseudoaneurysm
Authors: Liu Ann , Rincon-Torroella Jordina , Bender Matthew T. , McDougall Cameron G. , Tufaro Anthony P. , London Nyall R. , Coon Alexander L. , Reh Douglas D. , Gallia Gary L.
Published: December 2021

The incidence of internal carotid artery (ICA) injury associated with endoscopic endonasal approaches to the pituitary is less than 1%. While parent vessel sacrifice has historically been the choice of treatment, vessel-preserving endovascular techniques have been reported. Although flow diversion offers endoluminal reconstruction, its major limitation is the delay in obtaining complete occlusion. We describe the use of a combined Pipeline embolization device (PED) with endoscopic endonasal repair using a fascia lata/muscle graft to treat an iatrogenic ICA pseudoaneurysm and report long-term radiographic follow-up. Further investigation into the utility of directed endoscopic endonasal repair of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms initially treated with PED is necessary, especially given the need of post-PED anticoagulation and the rate of permanent neurological deficit after ICA sacrifice.
Regression of Multiple Meningiomas after Discontinuation of Chronic Hormone Therapy: A Case Report
Authors: Shahin Maryam N. , Bowden Stephen G. , Yaghi Nasser K. , Bagley Jacob H. , Han Seunggu J. , Varlamov Elena V. , Grafe Marjorie R. , Cetas Justin S.
Published: December 2021

Introduction Meningiomas are more common in females and frequently express progesterone and estrogen receptors. Recent studies have revealed a high incidence of meningiomas in situations in which estrogen/progesterone levels are increased such as pregnancy, gender reassignment therapy, and fertility treatment. While the relationship remains unclear and controversial, these findings suggest exposure to high levels of endogenous or exogenous hormones may increase the risk of developing a meningioma.

Patients and Methods A 40-year-old female with a history of endometriosis treated with chronic progesterone therapy presented with a visual deficit and was found to have multiple meningiomas, which regressed after cessation of exogenous progesterone.

Conclusion A history of chronic hormone therapy should be included when evaluating patients diagnosed with meningiomas, particularly at a younger age and with multiple meningiomas. Cessation of exogenous progesterone resulting in regression of meningiomas suggests a direct action of progesterone on growth. Future studies are warranted to better elucidate this relationship.
Crystallographic groups prediction from chemical composition via deep learning
Authors: Wang Da-yong , Lv Hai-feng , Wu Xiao-jun
Published: December 2021

Crystallographic group is an important character to describe the crystal structure, but it is difficult to identify the crystallographic group of crystal when only chemical composition is given. Here, we present a machine-learning method to predict the crystallographic group of crystal structure from its chemical formula. 34528 stable compounds in 230 crystallographic groups are investigated, of which 72% of data set are used as training set, 8% as validation set, and 20% as test set. Based on the results of machine learning, we present a model which can obtain correct crystallographic group in the top-1, top-5, and top-10 results with the estimated accuracy of 60.8%, 76.5%, and 82.6%, respectively. In particular, the performance of deep-learning model presents high generalization through comparison between validation set and test set. Additionally, 230 crystallographic groups are classified into 19 new labels, denoting 18 heavily represented crystallographic groups with each containing more than 400 compounds and one combination group of remaining compounds in other 212 crystallographic groups. A deep-learning model trained on 19 new labels yields a promising result to identify crystallographic group with the estimated accuracy of 72.2%. Our results provide a promising approach to identify crystallographic group of crystal structures only from their chemical composition.
Enhanced spin transmission due to interfacial NiFe insertion in YIG/Pt films
Authors: Shi Haibin , Su Yangtao , Meng Yang , Wang Li , Cao Xinyu , Zhao Hongwu
Published: December 2021

We report the spin transmission enhancement at the YIG/Pt interface by inserting the subnanometer thick Ni81Fe19 (Py) layer, as clarified comprehensively by spin Hall magnetoresistance, spin pumping effect, and spin Seebeck effect measurements. Through comparative analysis of Py thickness dependent spin-mixing conductance G↑↓, the enhanced spin transmission can be directly attributed to the spin fluctuations due to the Py insertion instead of the interfacial magnetic moment density. Meanwhile, the spin current is partially suppressed by the spin memory loss process arising from the Py interlayer, leading to the overall attenuation of G↑↓ with thicker Py. As a result, the two competing processes caused by insert Py jointly modulate the spin transmission efficiency.
Analytical solutions to the 1D compressible isothermal Navier–Stokes equations with density-dependent viscosity
Authors: Dong Jianwei , Zhang Litao
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we construct a class of analytical solutions to the one-dimensional compressible isothermal Navier–Stokes equations with density-dependent viscosity in the real line R. Precisely, we take the pressure p(ρ) = a1ρ and the viscosity coefficient μ(ρ) = a2ρ with a1, a2 > 0. We show that the system has an exact solution with the initial data satisfying ρ0(x) = ex and u0(x) = x. The large-time asymptotic behavior of the density is exhibited according to various a1. The analytical solutions to the compressible isothermal Euler equations and the pressureless Euler equations are obtained as by-products.
Gravity impact on inverted conical flame stability and dynamics
Authors: Krikunova A. I. , Son E. E.
Published: December 2021

The paper studies experimentally the stability of an inverted conical plane-symmetrical premixed methane-air flame under normal and reversed gravity. The conical flame is stabilized by a thin transverse rod. Flow velocity is varied within the range of 1–8 m/s, fuel equivalence ratio— within the range of 0.8–1.4. It is shown that such a flame could be both V-shaped (attached only to the stabilization rod) and M-shaped (attached both to nozzle edge and stabilization rod) depending on the set of conditions. The transition between two modes is studied experimentally under normal and reversed gravity. The hysteresis properties for the M–V and V–M transitions under the normal gravity conditions and their absence under the reverse gravity ones are reported. The most unstable flames are observed under reversed gravity at the maximum burning velocity (φ ≈ 1.1 ±). For such conditions, periodical oscillations between M-shaped and V-shaped flames occur over a wide range of velocities. In the experiments under reverse gravity, the V shape prevails over the M shape. It is found that a reverse flow exists above the stabilizer at any velocity under normal gravity and at high velocities (>5 m/s) under reverse gravity. In both cases, a linear increase in the longitudinal size of the vortex zone with increasing velocity is observed. It is concluded that gravity noticeably contributes to rich flames stability.
Effect of magnetic field on optical emission from cold atmospheric pressure micro-plasma jet
Authors: Barman Kalyani , Mudgal Mohit , Rane Ramkrishna , Bhattacharjee Sudeep
Published: December 2021

Application of magnetic field can affect the charge particle dynamics, plasma constituents, and optical emissions from a cold atmospheric pressure micro-plasma jet. The present study focuses on the effect of an externally applied transverse magnetic field (B) on optical emissions from the plasma jet and the resulting particle behavior inside the plasma. Detailed experiments are performed to look at Hα, Hβ, He, and other emission lines from which the electron density (ne) and electron excitation temperature (Texc) are determined as a function of B. Reactive O2 and N2 species (RONS) that are important for biomedical applications are identified and the effect of B on them is investigated. The discharge is modeled using fluid theory, which predicts the temporal evolution of plasma parameters both during nascent and time to saturation (ts) values. It is observed that ts of ne reduces as B is increased. Besides the Lorentz force, strong B invokes the Zeeman effect and also contributes to the broadening of emission lines, thereby altering ne and Texc. The observed phenomena can be explained from the cross field transport and the dependence of Larmor radius and cyclotron frequency upon B. It is found that finite Larmor radius effect and the satisfaction of collisionally broadened ion cyclotron resonance condition can alter the emission intensities of RONS. Furthermore, the incidence of charged RONS on a specified surface area could be controlled by B.
Lattice Boltzmann simulation of solid–liquid phase change with nonlinear density variation
Authors: Li Qing , Yang Hao , Huang Rongzong
Published: December 2021

Solid–liquid phase change problems have been extensively investigated by the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method in the past two decades, and the usual Boussinesq approximation with the assumption that the fluid density linearly varies with the temperature is widely applied. However, the actual variation of the fluid density with the temperature could be very complex for the phase change material near its solidus and liquidus temperatures. In this work, a double-distribution-function LB model is adopted to simulate the melting and solidification processes in a square cavity. The buoyancy force is directly calculated via the fluid density determined by temperature rather than the usual volume expansivity and temperature difference, and thus the present LB model can handle the nonlinear variation of the fluid density. Four different density variations (i.e., linear expansion, convex expansion, concave expansion, and water) are considered. The simulation results show that the convex and concave expansion variations can be roughly approximated by the linear expansion variation for both the melting and solidification processes. Due to the anomalous expansion over the temperature range of 0–4.0293 °C, the water variation cannot be approximated by the linear expansion variation, unless the involved temperature range is relatively large. The density variation determines the structure and strength of natural convection, thereby significantly affecting the melting and solidification processes.
Achieving smooth motion and high-speed for piezoelectric stick–slip actuator based on the two-stage lever principle
Authors: Li Honglong , Wang Jiru , Xu Zhi , Qin Feng , Wang Zhaoxin , Zhao Hongwei
Published: December 2021

With the development of the precision manufacturing industry, actuators’ performance requirements are increasingly demanding. However, stick–slip actuators still have the problems of backward motion and low motion speed at low frequencies. In this paper, to decrease the backward motion and achieve high speed at low frequencies, a linear piezoelectric stick–slip actuator is designed based on the two-stage lever principle. Theoretical and numerical investigations are used to optimize the flexible hinge of the stick–slip actuator. Experimental results indicate that the motion slider can achieve a smooth motion. The backward rate can even drop to 0. The maximum motion speed was 124.83 mm/s at 1600 Hz. The motion speed of the designed actuator was higher than that of previous stick–slip actuators at the same frequency. In addition, the load capacity of the prototype is tested. Based on different loads, the load matching is achieved by an auxiliary piezoelectric-stack, where the maximum horizontal load was 2.3 N. According to the comparison with previous actuators, the designed prototype can achieve high speed at low frequencies. Furthermore, the displacement curves show good smoothness. These characteristics will be helpful for the practical application of stick–slip piezoelectric actuators.
Hydrodynamic force on a ship floating on the water surface near a semi-infinite ice sheet
Authors: Li Z. F. , Wu G. X.
Published: December 2021

The hydrodynamic problem of wave interaction with a ship floating on the water surface near a semi-infinite ice sheet is considered based on the linearized velocity potential theory for fluid flow and the thin elastic plate model for ice sheet deflection. The properties of an ice sheet are assumed to be uniform, and zero bending moment and shear force conditions are enforced at the ice edge. The Green function is first derived, which satisfies both boundary conditions on the ice sheet and free surface, as well as all other conditions apart from that on the ship surface. Through the Green function, the differential equation for the velocity potential is converted into a boundary integral equation over the ship surface only. An extended surface, which is the waterplane of the ship, is introduced into the integral equation to remove the effect of irregular wave frequencies. The asymptotic formula of the Green function is derived and its behaviors are discussed, through which an approximate and efficient solution procedure for the coupled ship/wave/ice sheet interactions is developed. Extensive numerical results through the added mass, damping coefficient and wave exciting force are provided for an icebreaker of modern design. It is found that the approximate method can provide accurate results even when the ship is near the ice edge, through which some insight into the complex ship/ice sheet interaction is investigated. Extensive results are provided for the ship at different positions, for different ice sheet thicknesses and incident wave angles, and their physical implications are discussed.
A thermally robust phosphor-in-glass film with high luminous efficiency for high-power blue laser diodes lighting
Authors: Zhang Jiangdan , Wang Luhan , Zhu Qiangqiang , Chen Qing , Liang Xiaojuan , Xiang Weidong
Published: December 2021

Thermally robust and high efficiency color converters with good thermal dispersion have attracted much attention for high power laser-lighting applications. Herein, the Y3Al3.08Ga1.92O12:Ce3+ (YAGG:Ce) phosphor-in-glass (PIG) film coated on single crystal sapphire of high thermal conductivity is fabricated by using a facile and industry friendly blade-coating technique. The as-sintered composite film displays a high internal quantum efficiency of 95.2%, a high transmittance of 45% in the wavelength of 300–800 nm, and superior thermal stability which can keep 90.2% of the room temperature intensity at 200 °C. Furthermore, when pumped by 450 nm blue laser diodes (LDs), the composite PIG film can tolerate the input power density of up to 16.2 W/mm2. Impressively, the composite PIG film with 50% phosphor content at a fixed thickness of 0.2 mm generates green light with a maximum luminous flux of 967 lm and a luminous efficiency of 167 lm/W under 12.86 W/mm2 blue laser irradiation. The above results validate that the composite PIG film is a considerably promising green color converter for high-power and high-luminance laser driven solid state lighting.
Electric control of dielectric droplets and films
Authors: Medvedev D. A. , Kupershtokh A. L.
Published: December 2021

We investigate the behavior of dielectric droplets and films placed onto a solid surface under the action of electric field of different configurations. The mesoscopic thermal multiphase lattice Boltzmann model [A. Kupershtokh, D. Medvedev, and I. Gribanov, “Thermal lattice Boltzmann method for multiphase flows,” Phys. Rev. E 98, 023308 (2018)] is used for simulation. Different configurations of electric field were produced by using dissected flat electrodes of various shapes. On a simple flat electrode, droplets elongate after the application of electric voltage. Quite different behavior was observed when the central round part of the electrode was made non-conductive. In this case, the droplet spreads under the action of a non-uniform electric field, and the breakup and the formation of an annular structure were observed. A film of dielectric liquid flowing along a solid surface made of conductive and non-conductive transversal stripes exhibits a variety of regimes. When the voltage is low, the action of electric field produces waves at the surface of liquid. At a high voltage, the liquid is pinned to the edges of stripes, and the flow may be stopped completely. The purpose of this article is precisely to attract experimenters to the study of this type of phenomena.
Visible light photostriction in Kagome staircase zinc ortho-vanadate
Authors: Boda Muzaffar Ahmad , He Xiang , Chen Chen , Yi Zhiguo
Published: December 2021

Ferroelectric materials have been widely explored for photostrictive action, but their high performance being limited to ultra violet light demands to look for efficient visible light photostrictive materials. Transition metal vanadates, exhibiting the Kagome structural features besides being active in visible light, are the interesting materials for the photostriction study. Here, we investigate the photostriction of the non-magnetic member zinc ortho-vanadate Zn3(VO4)2 or Zn3V2O8. Corresponding to the photostriction response of ∼10−3 under a 405 nm laser (response time, τ = 5.7 s) and ∼10−4 (τ = 5.8 s) under a 665 nm laser, it exhibits a large photostriction efficiency of ∼10−11 and ∼10−12 m3/W, respectively. Thermal expansion investigation indicates that the non-thermal strain dominants the photostriction of Zn3V2O8 ceramics. The peak shift in x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern as well as in Raman spectra under external laser irradiance revealing, increased anisotropic distortions with increasing stretching and vibrations in the bonds of ZnO6 octahedrons and VO4 tetrahedrons, is proposed as the underlying mechanism of the photostriction response in Zn3V2O8. The good visible light photostriction, rapid response time, and stability functionalities make it a potential candidate for future generation optoelectronics, such as light driven micro-actuators, robots, relays, and other optomechanical devices.
Electron optical system with integrated PCM for sheet electron beam devices
Authors: Yin PengCheng , Xu Jin , Fang ShuanZhu , Yang RuiChao , Luo JinJing , Zhang Jian , Jia DongDong , Yin HaiRong , Yue LingNa , Zhao GuoQing , Guo Guo , Xu Lin , Wang WenXiang , Wei YanYu
Published: December 2021

There is an increasing interest for the high-power, high-frequency electromagnetic wave generation by the sheet electron beam (SEB) vacuum devices, and in which, the transport of the SEB conducted by periodic cusped magnetic (PCM) is a key issue. While the PCM will meet serious challenges especially in the case of high current density and low kinetic energy of electrons, the analysis indicates that the easy breaking of the stability of SEB focused by PCM may be caused by a tiny deviation of the transverse magnetic field from the theoretical value. To guarantee stable long-distance transportation of SEB, a method for focusing SEB by integrated PCM (IPCM) in which all pole pieces are combined into a whole is proposed for ensuring high accuracy of magnetic field distribution, together with the decrease in the leaking magnetic field in the electron gun region. To verify the effect of IPCM, the simulation and experiment work of an electron optical system are carried out for the same W band traveling wave tube by conventional PCM and IPCM, respectively. The experimental results depict that the IPCM can greatly improve the electron transmission rate.
Noise-induced coherence in molecular processes
Authors: Dodin Amro , Brumer Paul
Published: December 2021

Excitation of molecules by incident incoherent electromagnetic radiation, such as sunlight, is described in detail and contrasted with the effect of coherent (e.g. laser) light. The nature of the quantum coherences induced by the former, relevant to transport processes in nature and in technology, is emphasized. Both equilibrium and steady state scenarios are discussed, three examples: simple models, calcium excitation in polarized light, and the isomerization of retinal in rhodopsin are used to expose the underlying qualitative nature of the established coherences.
Ferrimagnetic–ferromagnetic phase transition in Mn4N films favored by non-magnetic In doping
Authors: Yasuda Tomohiro , Komori Taro , Mitarai Haruka , Honda Syuta , Ghosh Sambit , Vila Laurent , Attané Jean-Philippe , Amemiya Kenta , Suemasu Takashi
Published: December 2021

The ferrimagnet Mn4N forms a family of compounds useful in spintronics. In a compound comprising non-magnetic and magnetic elements, one basically expects the compound to become ferromagnetic when the proportion of the magnetic element increases. Conversely, one does not expect ferromagnetism when the proportion of the non-magnetic element increases. Surprisingly, Mn4N becomes ferromagnetic at room temperature when the Mn content is decreased by the addition of In atoms, a non-magnetic element. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurement reveals that the magnetic moment of Mn atoms at face-centered sites, Mn(II), reverses between x= 0.15 and 0.27 and aligns parallel to that of Mn atoms at corner sites, Mn(I), at x = 0.27 and 0.41. The sign of the anomalous Hall resistivity also changes between x = 0.15 and 0.27 in accordance with the reversal of the magnetic moment of the Mn(II) atoms. These results can be interpreted using first-principles calculations, showing that the magnetic moment of Mn(II) sites which are the nearest neighbors to the In atom align to that of Mn(I) sites.
Electronic properties of semiconductor quantum wires for shallow symmetric and asymmetric confinements
Authors: Yakimenko Irina I , Yakimenko Ivan P
Published: December 2021

Quantum wires (QWs) and quantum point contacts (QPCs) have been realized in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures in which a two-dimensional electron gas resides at the interface between GaAs and AlGaAs layered semiconductors. The electron transport in these structures has previously been studied experimentally and theoretically, and a 0.7 conductance anomaly has been discovered. The present paper is motivated by experiments with a QW in shallow symmetric and asymmetric confinements that have shown additional conductance anomalies at zero magnetic field. The proposed device consists of a QPC that is formed by split gates and a top gate between two large electron reservoirs. This paper is focussed on the theoretical study of electron transport through a wide top-gated QPC in a low-density regime and is based on density functional theory. The electron–electron interaction and shallow confinement make the splitting of the conduction channel into two channels possible. Each of them becomes spin-polarized at certain split and top gates voltages and may contribute to conductance giving rise to additional conductance anomalies. For symmetrically loaded split gates two conduction channels contribute equally to conductance. For the case of asymmetrically applied voltage between split gates conductance anomalies may occur between values of 0.25(2e
2/h) and 0.7(2e
2/h) depending on the increased asymmetry in split gates voltages. This corresponds to different degrees of spin-polarization in the two conduction channels that contribute differently to conductance. In the case of a strong asymmetry in split gates voltages one channel of conduction is pinched off and just the one remaining channel contributes to conductance. We have found that on the perimeter of the anti-dot there are spin-polarized states. These states may also contribute to conductance if the radius of the anti-dot is small enough and tunneling between these states may occur. The spin-polarized states in the QPC with shallow confinement tuned by electric means may be used for the purposes of quantum technology.
Data augmentation by a CycleGAN-based extra-supervised model for nondestructive testing
Authors: Jiangsha Ai , Tian Lulu , Bai Libing , Zhang Jie
Published: December 2021

The deep learning method is widely used in computer vision tasks with large-scale annotated datasets. However, obtaining such datasets in most directions of the vision based nondestructive testing (NDT) field is very challenging. Data augmentation is proved as an efficient way of dealing with the lack of large-scale annotated datasets. In this paper, we propose a CycleGAN-based extra-supervised (CycleGAN-ES) model to generate synthetic NDT images, where the ES is used to ensure that the bidirectional mapping is learned for corresponding labels and defects. Furthermore, we show the effectiveness of using the synthesized images to train deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) for defect recognition. In the experiments, we extract a number of x-ray welding images with both defect and no defects from the published GDXray dataset, and CycleGAN-ES is used to generate the synthetic defect images based on a small number of extracted defect images and manually drawn labels that are used as a content guide. For quality verification of the synthesized defect images, we use a high-performance classifier pretrained using a big dataset to recognize the synthetic defects and show the comparability of the performances of classifiers trained using synthetic defects and real defects, respectively. To present the effectiveness of using the synthesized defects as an augmentation method, we train and evaluate the performances of DCNN for defect recognition with or without the synthesized defects.
A conductive and ordered macroporous structure design of titanium oxide-based catalytic cathode for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Liu Fan , Guan Yani , Du Xiaohang , Liu Guihua , Sun Daolai , Li Jingde
Published: December 2021

The application of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries is hindered by the insulating characteristic of sulfur and slow reaction kinetics of lithium polysulfides. Here, we propose a three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) structured conductive polar Ta-doped TiO2 framework with supported Co active site (CoTa@TiO2) to enhance the conversion kinetics of polysulfides. The 3DOM structure serves as an efficient sulfur host for the active sulfur through abundant pores and adsorption site. At the same time, the macropores can buffer the volume expansion of sulfur and enlarged mass transfer. The strong electrostatic attraction between Ti–O bond and polysulfide also promotes the adsorption of polysulfides. Moreover, the doped-Ta improves the conductivity of TiO2 by narrowing the band gap, whereas the supported Co can accelerate the catalytic transformation. Benefited from advanced structural design and synergistic effect of Co and Ta doped TiO2, the Li–S cell with 3DOM CoTa@TiO2 cathode exhibits an impressive areal capacity of 3.4 mAh cm−2 under a high sulfur loading of 5.1 mg cm−2. This work provides an alternative strategy for the development of carbon-based cathode materials for Li–S batteries.
Experimental demonstration of accurate Bragg peak localization with ionoacoustic tandem phase detection (iTPD)
Authors: Wieser H P , Huang Y , Schauer J , Lascaud J , Würl M , Lehrack S , Radonic D , Vidal M , Hérault J , Chmyrov A , Ntziachristos V , Assmann W , Parodi K , Dollinger G
Published: December 2021

Accurate knowledge of the exact stopping location of ions inside the patient would allow full exploitation of their ballistic properties for patient treatment. The localized energy deposition of a pulsed particle beam induces a rapid temperature increase of the irradiated volume and leads to the emission of ionoacoustic (IA) waves. Detecting the time-of-flight (ToF) of the IA wave allows inferring information on the Bragg peak location and can henceforth be used for in-vivo range verification. A challenge for IA is the poor signal-to-noise ratio at clinically relevant doses and viable machines. We present a frequency-based measurement technique, labeled as ionoacoustic tandem phase detection (iTPD) utilizing lock-in amplifiers. The phase shift of the IA signal to a reference signal is measured to derive the ToF. Experimental IA measurements with a 3.5 MHz lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducer and lock-in amplifiers were performed in water using 22 MeV proton bursts. A digital iTPD was performed in-silico at clinical dose levels on experimental data obtained from a clinical facility and secondly, on simulations emulating a heterogeneous geometry. For the experimental setup using 22 MeV protons, a localization accuracy and precision obtained through iTPD deviates from a time-based reference analysis by less than 15 μm. Several methodological aspects were investigated experimentally in systematic manner. Lastly, iTPD was evaluated in-silico for clinical beam energies indicating that iTPD is in reach of sub-mm accuracy for fractionated doses < 5 Gy. iTPD can be used to accurately measure the ToF of IA signals online via its phase shift in frequency domain. An application of iTPD to the clinical scenario using a single pulsed beam is feasible but requires further development to reach <1 Gy detection capabilities.
Resistive heating of a shape memory composite: analytical, numerical and experimental study
Authors: Pereira Sánchez Clara , Houbben Maxime , Fagnard Jean-François , Laurent Philippe , Jérôme Christine , Noels Ludovic , Vanderbemden Philippe
Published: December 2021

This work investigates in detail the Joule resistive heating phenomenon of electroactive shape memory composites (SMC) when an electric current is injected at constant power. The SMC is a covalent poly(ϵ-caprolactone) network filled with 3 wt% of multiwall carbon nanotubes. The resistive heating of the SMC is studied by means of surface temperature measurements, analytical formulas and a coupled 3D thermo-electric numerical model. Analytical expressions are derived for the 2D temperature distribution within a parallelepipedic SMC, either with constant or linearly-dependent electrical resistivity. These analytical expressions can be used to investigate the influence of geometrical and material parameters in the steady-state temperature and its distribution across the sample. The results also allow one to identify the parameters that are crucial for predicting the temperature rise due to resistive heating: the temperature dependence of the resistivity has little effect on the steady-state temperature, whereas the thermal conductivity plays a significant role. The time-dependent temperature is shown to be related to the particular temperature dependence of heat capacity. Furthermore, the presence of external objects (clamps or grips) used during the shape memory cycle must be taken into consideration for a certain temperature to be reached since they result in a lower steady-state temperature and a slower resistive heating phenomenon. With the findings presented in this work, accurate resistive heating can be predicted for a SMC upon the injection of an electric current at constant power.
Electrical efficiency of SECE-based interfaces for piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting
Authors: Morel Adrien , Brenes Alexis , Gibus David , Pillonnet Gaël , Badel Adrien
Published: December 2021

Piezoelectric energy harvesting interfaces have been widely investigated during the last decades in order to maximize the harvested power. Among the energy extraction circuits proposed in the literature, some of the most effective ones consist of extracting the electric charges from the piezoelectric elements in a synchronous way with the vibrations and within a very short portion of the vibration period (synchronized electric charge extraction (SECE), synchronous electric charge partial extraction, frequency tunable synchronous electrical charge extraction (FTSECE), etc.). For these strategies, most previous studies take the electrical efficiency (i.e. the electrical losses between the energy extracted from the piezoelectric element and the energy which is finally transferred in a storage element) into account in an ad-hoc and case-by-case manner. In this brief, we propose a unified analysis that applies to model the electrical efficiency of these SECE-based strategies taking into account losses introduced by the electrical interface. We identify the main loss mechanisms by demonstrating that the electrical efficiency mainly varies with two parameters: the quality factor of the electrical interface and the voltage inversion ratio of the considered strategy. Measurements on the FTSECE strategy show that our model predicts the stored power with a good accuracy and allows a better optimization of the harvesting interface (up to 5.4 times more stored power at off-resonance frequencies, and 30% larger harvesting bandwidth).