bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acrobatic training prevents learning impairments and astrocyte remodeling in the hippocampus of rats undergoing chronic cerebral hypoperfusion: sex-specific benefits
Authors: Martini Ana Paula Rodrigues , Schlemmer Livia Machado , Lucio Padilha Joelma Alves , Fabres Rafael Bandeira , Couto Pereira Natividade de Sá , Pereira Lenir Orlandi , Dalmaz Carla , Netto Carlos Alexandre
Published: June 2024

Background

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) leads to memory and learning impairments associated with degeneration and gliosis in the hippocampus. Treatment with physical exercise carries different therapeutic benefits for each sex. We investigated the effects of acrobatic training on astrocyte remodeling in the CA1 and CA3 subfields of the hippocampus and spatial memory impairment in male and female rats at different stages of the two-vessel occlusion (2VO) model.

Methods

Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups of males and females: 2VO acrobatic, 2VO sedentary, sham acrobatic, and sham sedentary. The acrobatic training was performed for 4 weeks prior to the 2VO procedure. Brain samples were collected for morphological and biochemical analysis at 3 and 7 days after 2VO. The dorsal hippocampi were removed and prepared for Western blot quantification of Akt, p-Akt, COX IV, cleaved caspase-3, PARP, and GFAP. GFAP immunofluorescence was performed on slices of the hippocampus to count astrocytes and apply the Sholl's circle technique. The Morris water maze was run after 45 days of 2VO.

Results

Acutely, the trained female rats showed increased PARP expression, and the 2VO-trained rats of both sexes presented increased GFAP levels in Western blot. Training, mainly in males, induced an increase in the number of astrocytes in the CA1 subfield. The 2VO rats presented branched astrocytes, while acrobatic training prevented branching. However, the 2VO-induced spatial memory impairment was partially prevented by the acrobatic training.

Conclusion

Acrobatic training restricted the astrocytic remodeling caused by 2VO in the CA1 and CA3 subfields of the hippocampus. The improvement in spatial memory was associated with more organized glial scarring in the trained rats and better cell viability observed in females.
Optimizing the water-ecosystem-food nexus of avocado plantations
Authors: Lilli Maria A. , Efstathiou Dionissis , Koukianaki Evangelia A. , Paranychianakis Nikolaos , Nikolaidis Nikolaos P.
Published: June 2024

Climate change, food and water security and ecosystem sustainable management are tightly interlinked and require holistic approaches to achieve solutions that do not impact adversely one-another. The objective of this work was to conduct studies, collect data and assess the Water-Ecosystem-Food (WEF) nexus in avocado plantations in the Mediterranean region systematically to minimize the environmental footprint while maximizing the benefits for the farmer and the environment. The study includes two distinct experiments; the first addresses the impact of soil organic amendments addition to optimize the WEF nexus and the second monitors experimentally crop water needs and thus illustrates how irrigation practices aided by technology can reduce substantially water consumption. The results showed that organic amendments addition improves fertility, nutrient sequestration and structure but only had a weak effect on biodiversity by increasing the number of unique species. For the development of an efficient irrigation system it is necessary to determine the radius around the tree, the depth of the roots and the time required for the water to reach the active root zone to determine the amount and duration of irrigation. In this way sufficient water will be added to replenish the soil moisture deficit created due to the evapotranspiration. HYDRUS-1D model was used to simulate soil moisture and the hydrologic budget of an avocado tree located in Koiliaris river basin and confirm the percolation losses to groundwater. The results of this study showed that the actual irrigation needs of avocados in the Mediterranean is less than 2,000 m3/ha which is 75% less than what is recommended and could become the primary measure for the mitigation of climate change impacts especially in semi-arid regions such as the Mediterranean.
Response of the low latitude mesosphere and lower thermosphere to the recent sudden stratospheric warming events of 2017–18 and 2019
Authors: Sathishkumar S. , Sridharan S. , Krishnapriya K. , Patil P. T.
Published: June 2024

Upper mesospheric wind data acquired by the medium frequency radar at Kolhapur (16.7oN, 74.2oE) and Modern–Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Application version 2 (MERRA-2) temperature and wind reanalysis datasets are used to investigate the dynamical response of the low-latitude middle atmosphere to the sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events that occurred during the 2017–18 and 2018–19 winters. When the amplitude of the high-latitude stratospheric planetary wave (PW) of zonal wavenumber one reduces considerably with the onset of the SSW event, the low-latitude mesospheric PW over Kolhapur also shows a considerable reduction in the PW activity. It is noteworthy that the upper mesospheric winds are eastward for approximately 3 weeks after the onset of SSW. The reduced PW activity is associated with the enhanced gravity wave activity in the meridional wind during the SSW 2018–19 event. The plane of propagation of gravity waves obtained from the perturbation ellipse method suggests that their predominant plane of propagation is in the north–south direction. The persistence of the eastward winds is suggested to be due to the interaction of the northward propagating gravity waves with the mean flow, leading to the eastward acceleration due to the Coriolis force.
Social media behaviors and body type ideals predict weight loss and food tracking behaviors among recreational climbers
Authors: Slagel Nicholas , Kage Katie , Wichern Sarah
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Elite and recreational climbers may be at risk for disordered eating, low energy availability (LEA), and increased injury as a result. Social media use among athlete and non-athletes can lead to body image disturbances resulting in unhealthy weight loss practices exacerbating LEA and injury risk. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine relationships between social comparative behaviors on social media, body type ideals and outcomes, and health behaviors among adult recreational climbers.

Methods

Participants (n = 324) were adult recreational climbers from the U.S. (29.30 ± 9.99 years old and 50% female). Participants answered a 66-item questionnaire comprised of demographics, climbing characteristics, social media behaviors, body type ideals, training and nutrition-seeking behaviors, and weight and food tracking behaviors.

Results

Most participants (78.7%) indicated strength-to-weight ratio was important for climbing performance. Many participants perceived they could perform better at rock climbing if their body proportions were different (59.3%). These body type ideals were found to be significant predictors of performing weight loss and food-tracking behaviors (all p < 0.001). Higher amounts of social comparative behaviors on social media and social physique anxiety independently and significantly predicted attempting weight loss to improve climbing ability (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001 respectively). Those who followed climbing influencers, used Instagram frequently for training and nutrition information, perceived they could perform better at rock climbing if their body proportions were different, or were female and college-aged had significantly higher mean social comparative behavior scores (all p < 0.01).

Discussion

This study expands on prior work with elite climbers by providing a possible explanation for how climbing-related body type ideals and certain social media behaviors can perpetuate negative body image and compensatory behaviors among a general climbing population. Because unhealthy weight management behaviors can lead to injury and health disturbances, broad education programming and social media campaigns should be developed to shift body ideals and nutrition behaviors among recreational climbers.
Race analysis in swimming: understanding the evolution of publications, citations and networks through a bibliometric review
Authors: Morais Jorge E. , Barbosa Tiago M. , Arellano Raul , Silva António J. , Sampaio Tatiana , Oliveira João P. , Marinho Daniel A.
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study was to conduct a scoping and bibliometric review of swimming articles related to race analysis. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to identify relevant studies. Articles on race analysis in swimming published between 1984 and December 31, 2023 were retrieved from the Web of Science database. 366 records were screened and a total of 74 articles were retained for analysis. Until 2012, there were some time intervals with no or few publications. From 2012, there was a clear upward trend in publications and citations. This theme was led by the United States of America, Australia, and Spain. Australia and Spain maintain their status as the countries with the most publications. The analysis of author collaborations revealed two clusters with Spanish authors, and the remaining clusters are composed of Portuguese, Swiss, and Australian authors. With this bibliometric review, it has been possible to understand the evolution of the articles published on race analysis in swimming, the countries and the authors that have contributed most to this topic over the years. The prediction model shows that the number of articles and citations on this topic will continue to increase over the next 10 years (until 2034).
Analysis of surgical treatment of cervical spondylotic amyotrophy
Authors: Yu Zhong , Zhang Haofuzi , Wang Yanjun
Published: June 2024

Background

Cervical spondylotic amyotrophy (CSA) is a special type of cervical spondylosis based on cervical degeneration, which is mainly manifested by weakness and atrophy of upper limb muscles without obvious sensory impairment. Various diagnostic and treatment strategies used; however, discrepancies exist. We tried to discuss diagnosing and treating CSA.

Methods

15 patients with CSA were diagnosed in the Orthopedics Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, aged 42–70 years old. The duration of preoperative symptoms of amyotrophy was 6 to 240 months. 12 patients received surgical treatment, and 3 patients received conservative treatment. The patients were divided into two groups according to the site of preoperative amyotrophy. The manual muscle test was used to evaluate the patients' muscle strength pre-and postoperatively.

Results

During postoperative follow-up, the muscle strength of 12 patients improved to different degrees compared to before surgery. The improvement effect was excellent in 2 cases, good in 6, and moderate in 4. There was no decrease in postoperative muscle strength compared with that before surgery. The satisfaction rate of the effect was 66.7%. The two groups had no statistically significant difference in preoperative muscle strength. The postoperative muscle strength of the proximal group was significantly better than that of the distal group.

Conclusion

The surgical effect of CSA of the proximal type is significantly better than that of the distal type. The recovery effect of amyotrophy after surgery for distal type CSA is poor; thus, surgical treatment should be carefully considered.
Perineural invasion as a predictor of local recurrence in cats with squamous cell carcinoma treated with electrochemotherapy
Authors: dos Santos Francielle Fernanda Quirino , Linhares Laís Calazans Menescal , Rocha Michelle do Carmo Pereira , de Oliveira Krishna Duro , Rangel Marcelo Monte Mor , de Nardi Andrigo Barboza
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant neoplasm that accounts for approximately 15–25% and 70–80% of all feline cutaneous and oral tumors, respectively. Similar to that in humans, feline SCC can be highly invasive locally; however, its metastasis rate is low. Thus, effective local treatment may be curative for most patients, and includes surgery, electrochemotherapy (ECT), cryosurgery, or a combination of these. However, this neoplasia can manifest more aggressively in some patients, leading to higher recurrence rates. In humans, perineural invasion (PNI) has been described as a relevant tumor dissemination pathway associated with high-risk SCC, resulting in higher recurrence rates, resistance to local treatments, and short survival. However, PNI and its prognostic value have not been described in feline SCC. This study aimed to evaluate the PNI in a feline population with SCC treated with ECT and correlate its presence with the occurrence of local recurrence and other clinical variables.

Methods

Twenty-four cats histopathologically diagnosed with SCC between 2013 and 2021 were retrospectively selected from the medical records of the Oncological Center Vet Cancer (São Paulo, SP, Brazil). The inclusion criteria were ECT as the sole therapy, histopathological evaluation of PNI, and absence of distant metastatic disease.

Results

The complete response rate was 96% (23/24), and PNI was identified in 33% of the cats (8/24, PNI-positive group), whereas 67% were free of this invasion (16/24, PNI-negative group). All PNI-positive cats developed local recurrence, whereas only five PNI-negative cats experienced recurrence. Local recurrence was significantly associated with PNI (p = 0.03).

Discussion

The results of this study are preliminary but promising. The data obtained are the first regarding PNI occurrence in feline SCC and pave the way for further studies, mainly to correlate the PNI with survival data and better define its prognostic value.
HOPE Mitigates Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Ex-Situ Split Grafts: A Comparative Study With Living Donation in Pediatric Liver Transplantation
Authors: Rossignol Guillaume , Muller Xavier , Ruiz Mathias , Collardeau-Frachon Sophie , Boulanger Natacha , Depaulis Celia , Antonini Teresa , Dubois Remi , Mohkam Kayvan , Mabrut Jean-Yves
Published: June 2024

Optimizing graft preservation is key for ex-situ split grafts in pediatric liver transplantation (PSLT). Hypothermic Oxygenated Perfusion (HOPE) improves ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and post-operative outcomes in adult LT. This study compares the use of HOPE in ex-situ partial grafts to static cold storage ex-situ partial grafts (SCS-Split) and to the gold standard living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). All consecutive HOPE-Split, SCS-Split and LDLT performed between 2018–2023 for pediatric recipients were included. Post‐reperfusion syndrome (PRS, drop ≥30% in systolic arterial pressure) and reperfusion biopsies served as early indicators of IRI. We included 47 pediatric recipients (15 HOPE-Split, 17 SCS-Split, and 15 LDLT). In comparison to SCS-Split, HOPE-Split had a significantly shorter cold ischemia time (CIT) (470min vs. 538 min; p =0.02), lower PRS rates (13.3% vs. 47.1%; p = 0.04) and a lower IRI score (3 vs. 4; p = 0.03). The overall IRI score (3 vs. 3; p = 0.28) and PRS (13.3% vs. 13.3%; p = 1) after HOPE-Split were comparable to LDLT, despite a longer CIT (470 min vs. 117 min; p < 0.001). Surgical complications, one-year graft, and recipient survival did not differ among the groups. In conclusion, HOPE-Split mitigates early IRI in pediatric recipients in comparison to SCS-Split, approaching the gold standard of LDLT.
An Empirical Study of YouTube advertisement impacts on young generation: An ethos of YouTube influence
Authors: Hassan Syed Taimoor , Rehman Dr. Zia Ur , Zeeshan Ch , Sufyan Muhammad , Hanif Mahoor
Published: June 2024

In recent times, there is a remarkable increase in number of people who are using internet for different purposes, but a large number of internet user are the ones, who are the viewers at the YouTube and those who are the creators, who publish their videos and different material on YouTube. Not all factors that sway customers to think YouTube advertising is effective have been discovered. This paper listed YouTube advertising's entertainment, informativeness, customizability, and irritability can affect advertising value, brand recognition, and customer intent to buy. The conceptual model hypothesizes that ad value strategies improve brand recognition, which affects users' views of You Tube's utility and their propensity to keep buying. This study used Pakistani market and young generation which are studying in Pakistani Universities and 250 surveys were analyze variable data. Entertainment, informativeness, and customization are the strongest positive drivers, while irritation is the strongest negative driver for YouTube ads. However, YouTube's advertising value affects brand awareness and buy intent
Takaful (Islamic Insurance) Adoption in Pakistan: A Moderating effect of Religiosity
Authors: Ullah Asad , Ghafoor Zeeshan , Mehmood Chaudhary Kamran
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this research study is to explore the moderating effect of religiosity against the intention to adopt Takaful insurance products and services in Pakistan. Earlier studies in the field of Takaful insurance have highlighted the degree of interaction between these two factors. The study includes four independent factors in addition to the dependent variable. The dependent variable is the intention to use Takaful Insurance products and services and independent variable are relative advantage, compatibility, social influence, and customer awareness of Takaful Insurance. Data from various regions of Pakistan were collected using a convenient sampling technique and a series of questionnaires as the survey instrument. The moderate effect of the factors has been predicted using moderated multiple regression analysis. The results show that religiosity significantly moderates the interplay of relative advantage, compatibility, social influence, awareness of Takaful, and intention to use Takaful Islamic insurance products. The result suggests that religious considerations influence Pakistani Takaful Insurance seekers' decisions to use Takaful Islamic Insurance goods and services in a significant way and it support hypothesis. The results of this study should help financial institutions develop marketing strategies that take these variables into account.
Experimental Pressure Gain Analysis of Pulsed Detonation Engine
Authors: Bogoi Alina , Cuciuc Tudor , Cojocea Andrei Vlad , Gall Mihnea , Porumbel Ionuț , Hrițcu Constantin Eusebiu
Published: June 2024

A pulsed detonation chamber (PDC) equipped with Hartmann–Sprenger resonators has been designed and tested for both Hydrogen/air and Hydrogen/Oxygen mixtures. A full-factorial experimental campaign employing four factors with four levels each has been carried out for both mixtures. Instantaneous static pressure has been measured at two locations on the exhaust pipe of the PDC, and the signal has been processed to extract the average and maximum cycle pressures and the operating frequency of the spark plug. The PDC has been shown to be able to reach sustained detonation cycles over a length below 200 mm, measured from the spark plug to the first pressure sensor. The optimal regimes for both air and Oxygen operation have been determined, and the influence of the four factors on the responses is discussed.
Understanding Compost-Bedded Pack Barn Systems in Regions with a Tropical Climate: A Review of the Current State of the Art
Authors: Andrade Rafaella Resende , Tinôco Ilda de Fátima Ferreira , Damasceno Flávio Alves , Oliveira Carlos Eduardo Alves , Concha Mariana Silva , Zacaroni Ozana de Fátima , Bambi Gianluca , Barbari Matteo
Published: June 2024

The main challenge in milk production has been to maintain a focus on efficient processes that enhance production outcomes while aligning with animal welfare and sustainability and being valued by society. As an alternative to improve cow welfare in production and provide better handling of the waste generated by the activity, the system called the compost-bedded pack barn (CBP) has been widely adopted in countries with temperate climates and higher milk production. This CBP has been attracting global interest, including from countries with tropical and subtropical climates, such as Brazil, where many producers have started to use it due to the response in terms of milk productivity. A CBP can be designed either in (a) an open facility with natural ventilation or a positive-pressure ventilation system or (b) totally closed facilities, equipped with negative-pressure ventilation systems and permanent thermal control. The latter system is being implemented in Brazil, despite insufficient knowledge about its efficiency. The objective of this study was, through a review, to gather and describe the most recent information on the use of open and closed CBP systems for dairy cattle housing, mainly covering how it is applied in tropical climate regions. To achieve the proposed objective, this review study included the following topics related to CBPs: (i) implementation, (ii) bedding, (iii) general construction and architectural characteristics, and (iv) ambient thermal conditioning. Knowledge gaps and directions for future research are also identified here.
An Updated Review of the Marine Ornamental Fish Trade in the European Union
Authors: Biondo Monica Virginia , Burki Rainer Patrick , Aguayo Francisco , Calado Ricardo
Published: June 2024

Wild-caught fish from coral reefs, one of the most threatened ecosystems on the planet, continue to supply the marine aquarium trade. Despite customs and veterinary checks during imports, comprehensive data on this global industry remain scarce. This study provides consolidated data on the largest import market by value, the European Union (EU): a 24-million-euro annual trade value, detailing the main exporting and importing countries, as well as the species and families of the 26 million specimens imported between 2014 and 2021. A watchlist alert system based on the number of specimens traded, import trends, and vulnerability index according to FishBase and the IUCN Red List conservation status is presented, providing key information on which species should require closer scrutiny by authorities. While the European TRAde Control and Expert System (TRACES) electronically monitors the movement of live animals to respond quickly to biosecurity risks, one-third of marine ornamental fish imported lack species-level information. With minor adjustments, TRACES holds the potential to significantly enhance data granularity and the monitoring of wildlife trade, with marine ornamental fish being an interesting case study to validate this approach.
Anti-Infective Activity of Momordica charantia Extract with Molecular Docking of Its Triterpenoid Glycosides
Authors: Aldholmi Mohammed , Ahmad Rizwan , Shaikh Mohammad Habeeb , Salem Ayad Mohammed , Alqurashi Maher , Alturki Mansour
Published: June 2024

Momordica charantia, commonly known as bitter melon, is a fruiting plant that has been used for several diseases including infectious diseases. In this study, we report the antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activity of different bitter melon fruit parts originating from India and Saudi Arabia. The in vitro experiments are supported by the molecular docking of karavilosides to verify their role in the bioactivity. The antimicrobial assays revealed activity against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. The extracts exhibited the potent inhibition of HIV-I reverse transcriptase, with an IC50 of 0.125 mg/mL observed for the pith extract originating from Saudi Arabia and the standard drug doxorubicin. The molecular docking of karavilosides exhibited a significant affinity to reverse transcriptase comparable to Rilpivirine and higher than that of doxorubicin. These outcomes encourage the precious bioactive components of the seed and pith of the Saudi bitter melon fruits to be further studied for isolation and structure elucidation.
Sustainable Innovation in Ceiling: Exploring the Environmental Benefits of a New Plaster–Rock Wool Layered Recycled Composite
Authors: Álvarez Manuel , Ferrández Daniel , Guijarro-Miragaya Patricia , Morón Carlos
Published: June 2024

This paper presents a new layered plaster-based material for building purposes. First, a new manufacturing machine was designed to make the elaboration process easier. This manufacturing machine and the way it works are described. In this study, perlite and recycled glass wool (RGW) were added to traditional plaster with the aim of improving the performance of this material. Two series (with and without perlite) and three different layer configurations were developed and assessed. Recycled glass wool layered materials were subjected to both physical and mechanical characterisation to determine their suitability for precast elaboration. The addition of perlite resulted in a significant improvement in flexural strength. Moreover, the addition of RGW also gave rise to extra flexural strength when added. The two-layered samples performed better than the one-layered samples. Mechanical properties increased up to 75% when both the perlite and RGW layers were added. Potential Global Warming Potential (GWP 100) savings were also analysed, reporting up to 49% savings. A complementary cost analysis was performed, aimed at establishing potential savings in production costs; thus, 13–57% potential cost savings were reported. After that, a comparative analysis within the literature was conducted to contextualise the results obtained in this study.
Lithological Discrimination of Khyber Range Using Remote Sensing and Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Ali Sajid , Li Huan , Ali Asghar , Hassan Jubril Izge
Published: June 2024

In this study, the satellite data of ASTER and Landsat 8 OLI were used for the discrimination of lithological units covering the Khyber range. Of the 24 tested band combinations, the most suitable include 632 and 468 of ASTER and 754 and 147 of OLI in the RGB sequence. The data were also tested with two conventional machine learning algorithms (MLAs), namely maximum likelihood classification (MLC) and support vector machine (SVM), for lithological mapping. Principal component analysis (PCA), minimum noise fraction (MNF), band ratios, and color composites in combination with available lithological maps and field data were utilized for training sample collection for the MLC and SVM models to classify the lithological units. The accuracy assessment of SVM and MLC was performed using a confusion matrix, which revealed a higher accuracy of 74.8419% and 72.1217% for ASTER and an accuracy of 58.4833% and 60.0257% for OLI, respectively. The results indicate that ASTER imagery is more suitable for lithological discrimination in the study area due to its high spectral resolution in the VNIR to SWIR range. The experiment revealed that the SVM classification offered the highest overall accuracy of nearly 75% and the kappa coefficient value of 0.7 on ASTER data. This demonstrates the effectiveness of SVM classification in exploring lithological mapping in dry to semi-arid regions.
AI for Biophysical Phenomena: A Comparative Study of ChatGPT and Gemini in Explaining Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation
Authors: Rana Neha , Katoch Nitish
Published: June 2024

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), notably through generative pretrained transformers, such as ChatGPT and Google’s Gemini, have broadened the scope of research across various domains. Particularly, the role of AI in understanding complex biophysical phenomena like liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) is promising yet underexplored. In this study, we focus on assessing the application of these AI chatbots in understating LLPS by conducting various interactive sessions. We evaluated their performance based on the accuracy, response time, response length, and cosine similarity index (CSI) of their responses. Our findings show that Gemini consistently delivered more accurate responses to LLPS-related questions than ChatGPT. However, neither model delivered correct answers to all questions posed. Detailed analysis showed that Gemini required longer response times, averaging 272 words per response compared to ChatGPT’s 351. Additionally, the average CSI between the models was 0.62, highlighting moderate similarity. Despite both models showing potential to enhance scientific education in complex domains, our findings highlight a critical need for further refinement of these AI tools to improve their accuracy and reliability in specialized academic settings.
From Large Language Models to Large Multimodal Models: A Literature Review
Authors: Huang Dawei , Yan Chuan , Li Qing , Peng Xiaojiang
Published: June 2024

With the deepening of research on Large Language Models (LLMs), significant progress has been made in recent years on the development of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs), which are gradually moving toward Artificial General Intelligence. This paper aims to summarize the recent progress from LLMs to LMMs in a comprehensive and unified way. First, we start with LLMs and outline various conceptual frameworks and key techniques. Then, we focus on the architectural components, training strategies, fine-tuning guidance, and prompt engineering of LMMs, and present a taxonomy of the latest vision–language LMMs. Finally, we provide a summary of both LLMs and LMMs from a unified perspective, make an analysis of the development status of large-scale models in the view of globalization, and offer potential research directions for large-scale models.
Research on Multi-Directional Spalling Evolution Analysis Method for Angular Ball Bearing
Authors: Deng Zhiming , Huang Tudi , Wei Xunkai , Huang Hongzhong , Wang Hao
Published: June 2024

The prediction of spalling failure evolution in the lifespan of aeroengine bearings is crucial for en-suring the safe return of aircrafts after such failures occur. This study examines the spalling failure evolution process in bearings by integrating the proposed spalling region contact stress analysis model with the multi-directional subsurface crack extension analysis model. The results elucidate the general pattern of spalling expansion. Utilizing this methodology, the fatigue spalling fault evolution in bearings is thoroughly analyzed. Additionally, a two-dimensional model has been developed to simulate and analyze crack propagation in the critical direction of the spalling region, significantly enhancing the model’s computational efficiency.
Comparative Analysis of MoCA and DigiMoCA Test Results: A Pilot Study
Authors: Lago-Priego Noelia , Otero-González Iván , Pacheco-Lorenzo Moisés , Fernández-Iglesias Manuel J. , Dosil-Díaz Carlos , Bugallo-Carrera César , Gandoy-Crego Manuel , Anido-Rifón Luis
Published: June 2024

This study examined the cognitive performance of older adults aged 60 and above using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test and DigiMoCA, a digital tool for cognitive screening administered by means of a smart speaker, to investigate whether the additional variables utilised by DigiMoCA allow for the identification of significant differences between individuals with depressive symptoms and those with mild cognitive impairment, which are not detected using the original MoCA test. A total of 73 senior adults located in Northwestern Spain, 22 male and 51 female, participated in this study. Subjects were divided into four groups based on the presence of depressive symptoms and mild cognitive impairment, with the aim of analysing the results of each dimension of the MoCA and DigiMoCA tests and assessing the additional insights provided by the digital administration tool. The results indicate significant differences among groups. Individuals with depressive symptoms exhibited poorer performance in forward number span, attention, and clock drawing compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, individuals with depressive symptoms and mild cognitive impairment exhibited significantly worse memory and orientation compared to those with cognitive impairment alone. Correlations revealed that a greater severity of depressive symptoms was associated with poorer performance across cognitive domains, including visuospatial skills, attention, language, memory, and phonemic verbal fluency. This study also illustrated how the exploitation of additional variables systematically captured by digital instruments, such as completion times or response delays to individual interactions, may facilitate the early identification of cognitive and depressive conditions, providing initial evidence about the importance of integrating advanced digital tools in cognitive assessment to inspire the development of more effective, personalised interventions.
Operational Risk Assessment of Engineering Vehicles Considering Driver Characteristics
Authors: Qi Shouming , Teng Jun , Zhang Xi , Zheng Ao
Published: June 2024

As vehicles with high accident and casualty rates within the road transportation system, engineering vehicles have been receiving much attention and emphasis in terms of safety. Accurate analyses and evaluations of risk factors in vehicle operation are imperative for enhancing the management level of engineering vehicles. This study explores the differences between various types of drivers by analyzing the driving characteristics of professional drivers. The evaluation index system is developed and quantified by integrating factors related to engineering vehicle drivers, road environment, and industry management. Additionally, the risk assessment model is developed using the error backpropagation algorithm. The optimal model is determined by comparing the number of nodes in different hidden layers, the activation function, and regularization optimization. The prediction accuracy of this model’s coefficient of determination is 0.912, indicating that the model has validity. This study is conducive to improving the safety level of engineering vehicle operation in order to reduce the rate of vehicle traffic accidents, the severity of accidents, and the consequences of losses. It also has practical application value in safeguarding social security.
Sensitivity of a Point-Source-Interferometry-Based Inertial Measurement Unit Employing Large Momentum Transfer and Launched Atoms
Authors: Li Jinyang , Kovachy Timothy , Bonacum Jason , Shahriar Selim M.
Published: June 2024

We analyze theoretically the sensitivity of accelerometry and rotation sensing with a point source interferometer employing large momentum transfer (LMT) and present a design of an inertial measurement unit (IMU) that can measure rotation around and acceleration along each of the three axes. In this design, the launching technique is used to realize the LMT process without the need to physically change directions of the Raman pulses, thus significantly simplifying the apparatus. We also describe an explicit scheme for such an IMU.
OMGMed: Advanced System for Ocular Myasthenia Gravis Diagnosis via Eye Image Segmentation
Authors: Li Jianqiang , Zhu Chujie , Zhao Mingming , Xu Xi , Zhao Linna , Cheng Wenxiu , Liu Suqin , Zou Jingchen , Yang Ji-Jiang , Yin Jian
Published: June 2024

This paper presents an eye image segmentation-based computer-aided system for automatic diagnosis of ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG), called OMGMed. It provides great potential to effectively liberate the diagnostic efficiency of expert doctors (the scarce resources) and reduces the cost of healthcare treatment for diagnosed patients, making it possible to disseminate high-quality myasthenia gravis healthcare to under-developed areas. The system is composed of data pre-processing, indicator calculation, and automatic OMG scoring. Building upon this framework, an empirical study on the eye segmentation algorithm is conducted. It further optimizes the algorithm from the perspectives of “network structure” and “loss function”, and experimentally verifies the effectiveness of the hybrid loss function. The results show that the combination of “nnUNet” network structure and “Cross-Entropy + Iou + Boundary” hybrid loss function can achieve the best segmentation performance, and its MIOU on the public and private myasthenia gravis datasets reaches 82.1% and 83.7%, respectively. The research has been used in expert centers. The pilot study demonstrates that our research on eye image segmentation for OMG diagnosis is very helpful in improving the healthcare quality of expert doctors. We believe that this work can serve as an important reference for the development of a similar auxiliary diagnosis system and contribute to the healthy development of proactive healthcare services.
Double-Edged Sword: Exploring the Mitochondria–Complement Bidirectional Connection in Cellular Response and Disease
Authors: Lin Jingfei (Carly) , Hwang Sinwoo (Wendy) , Luo Honglin , Mohamud Yasir
Published: June 2024

Mitochondria serve an ultimate purpose that seeks to balance the life and death of cells, a role that extends well beyond the tissue and organ systems to impact not only normal physiology but also the pathogenesis of diverse diseases. Theorized to have originated from ancient proto-bacteria, mitochondria share similarities with bacterial cells, including their own circular DNA, double-membrane structures, and fission dynamics. It is no surprise, then, that mitochondria interact with a bacterium-targeting immune pathway known as a complement system. The complement system is an ancient and sophisticated arm of the immune response that serves as the body’s first line of defense against microbial invaders. It operates through a complex cascade of protein activations, rapidly identifying and neutralizing pathogens, and even aiding in the clearance of damaged cells and immune complexes. This dynamic system, intertwining innate and adaptive immunity, holds secrets to understanding numerous diseases. In this review, we explore the bidirectional interplay between mitochondrial dysfunction and the complement system through the release of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns. Additionally, we explore several mitochondria- and complement-related diseases and the potential for new therapeutic strategies.
Translational Medicine in Acute Ischemic Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury—NeuroAiD Trials, from Traditional Beliefs to Evidence-Based Therapy
Authors: Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy , Yeo Tseng Tsai , Chen Christopher Li Hsian
Published: June 2024

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are two severe neurological events, both being major causes of death and prolonged impairment. Their incidence continues to rise due to the global increase in the number of people at risk, representing a significant burden on those remaining impaired, their families, and society. These molecular and cellular mechanisms of both stroke and TBI present similarities that can be targeted by treatments with a multimodal mode of action, such as traditional Chinese medicine. Therefore, we performed a detailed review of the preclinical and clinical development of MLC901 (NeuroAiDTMII), a natural multi-herbal formulation targeting several biological pathways at the origin of the clinical deficits. The endogenous neurobiological processes of self-repair initiated by the brain in response to the onset of brain injury are often insufficient to achieve complete recovery of impaired functions. This review of MLC901 and its parent formulation MLC601 confirms that it amplifies the natural self-repair process of brain tissue after AIS or TBI. Following AIS and TBI where "time is brain", many patients enter the post-acute phase with their functions still impaired, a period when "the brain needs time to repair itself". The treatment goal must be to accelerate recovery as much as possible. MLC901/601 demonstrated a significant reduction by 18 months of recovery time compared to a placebo, indicating strong potential for facilitating the improvement of health outcomes and the more efficient use of healthcare resources.
First-Trimester Plasmatic microRNAs Are Associated with Fasting Glucose Levels in Late Second Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Légaré Cécilia , Desgagné Véronique , Thibeault Kathrine , White Frédérique , Clément Andrée-Anne , Poirier Cédrik , Luo Zhong-Cheng , Scott Michelle S. , Jacques Pierre-Étienne , Perron Patrice , Guérin Renée , Hivert Marie-France , Bouchard Luigi
Published: June 2024

Maternal blood glucose regulation adaptation to pregnancy aims to support fetal growth but may also lead to the development of gestational diabetes mellitus, the most common pregnancy complication. MiRNAs are small RNA molecules secreted and stable in the blood, where they could have paracrine hormone-like functions (ribo-hormone) and regulate metabolic processes including fetal growth and glucose metabolism. The objective of this study was to identify plasmatic microRNA (miRNAs) measured during the first trimester of pregnancy that were associated with glucose levels during a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at ~26 weeks of pregnancy. miRNAs were quantified using next-generation sequencing in 444 pregnant women and replicated in an independent cohort of 106 pregnant women. MiRNAs associated with glucose levels were identified with the DESeq2 package. We identified 24 miRNAs associated with fasting glycemia, of which 18 were common to both cohorts (q-value < 0.1). However, no association was found between miRNAs and 1 h or 2 h post OGTT glycemia. To conclude, we identified 18 miRNAs early in pregnancy that were associated with fasting blood glucose measured 3 months later. Our findings offer new insights into the mechanisms involved in fasting glucose homeostasis regulation in pregnancy, which is critical to understanding how gestational diabetes develops.
Does Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Affect Potential P300-Related Events in Vascular Dementia? Considerations from a Pilot Study
Authors: Gangemi Antonio , Fabio Rosa Angela , Suriano Rossella , De Luca Rosaria , Marra Angela , Tomo Mariangela , Quartarone Angelo , Calabrò Rocco Salvatore
Published: June 2024

Vascular dementia, the second most common type of dementia, currently lacks a definitive cure. In the pursuit of therapies aimed at slowing its progression and alleviating symptoms, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) emerges as a promising approach, characterized by its non-invasive nature and the ability to promote brain plasticity. In this study, the primary objective was to investigate the effects of a two-week cycle of tDCS on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and neurophysiological functioning in thirty patients diagnosed with vascular dementia. Each participant was assigned to one of two groups: the experimental group, which received anodal tDCS to stimulate DPCFL, and the control group, which received sham tDCS. Neurophysiological functions were assessed before and after tDCS using P300 event-related potentials (ERPs), while neuropsychological function was evaluated through a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The results showed a reduction in P300 latency, indicating a faster cognitive process; an increase in P300 amplitude, suggesting a stronger neural response to cognitive stimuli; and a significant improvement in MMSE scores compared to the control group, indicating an overall enhancement in cognitive functions. These findings suggest that tDCS could represent a promising therapeutic option for improving both neurophysiological and cognitive aspects in patients with vascular dementia.
MCP-1 rs1024611 Polymorphism, MCP-1 Concentrations, and Premature Coronary Artery Disease: Results of the Genetics of Atherosclerotic Disease (GEA) Mexican Study
Authors: Posadas-Sánchez Rosalinda , Velázquez-Sánchez Fernando , Reyes-Barrera Juan , Cardoso-Saldaña Guillermo , Velázquez-Argueta Frida , Antonio-Villa Neftali Eduardo , Fragoso José Manuel , Vargas-Alarcón Gilberto
Published: June 2024

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) participates in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. In vitro studies have reported that the MCP-1 rs1024611 polymorphism is associated with increased MCP-1 concentrations. The study aimed to define whether MCP-1 concentrations are associated with premature coronary artery disease (pCAD) and to establish whether variations in the rs1024611 polymorphism increase MCP-1 concentrations. MCP-1 rs1024611 polymorphism was determined in 972 pCAD patients and 1070 control individuals by real-time PCR. MCP-1 concentrations were determined by the Bio-Plex system. In the total population, men had higher MCP-1 concentrations when compared to women (p < 0.001). When stratified by rs1024611 genotypes, higher MCP-1 concentrations were observed in AA individuals compared to GG subjects (p = 0.023). When performing the analysis considering sex, the differences remained significant in women (AA vs. GG, p = 0.028 and GA vs. GG, p = 0.008). MCP-1 concentrations were similar in pCAD patients and controls (p = 0.782). However, the independent analysis of the studied groups showed that in patients with the AA genotype, MCP-1 concentrations were significantly higher when compared to patients with the GG genotype (p = 0.009). Considering that the AA genotype increases MCP-1 concentration, we evaluated whether, in AA genotype carriers, MCP-1 concentrations were associated with pCAD. The results showed that for every ten pg/mL increase in MCP-1 concentration, the risk of presenting pCAD increases by 2.7% in AA genotype individuals. Individuals with the MCP-1 rs1024611 AA genotype present an increase in MCP-1 concentration. In those individuals, increased MCP-1 concentrations increase the risk of presented pCAD.
Exploring Loneliness among Korean Adults: A Concept Mapping Approach
Authors: An Soo-Jung , Seo Young-Seok
Published: June 2024

In South Korea, the proportion of adults experiencing severe loneliness has been increasing rapidly. Accordingly, this study examines the elements of loneliness experienced by Korean adults and investigates their structural relevance using concept mapping. Korean adults (47) were recruited for individual in-depth interviews based on their scores on the UCLA Loneliness Scale. The interviews yielded 80 unique statements, which were then evaluated using multidimensional scaling and a hierarchical cluster analysis. A cluster map of loneliness was derived, with three clusters: (1) emotional distress due to the actual or anticipated absence of connection in relationships, (2) emotional distance from oneself or from others in a relationship, and (3) powerlessness and emptiness due to being directionless. Two dimensions distinguished these clusters: the lack of a sense of connection or self-assurance, and an inward or outward focus. These findings reveal that loneliness encompasses more than unmet relational needs; it also involves self-attentional focus, indicating a need to reconceptualize the notion of loneliness. The study’s implications extend to counseling theory and practices by highlighting the importance of addressing both relational connections and self-perceptions in interventions for loneliness. By expanding the understanding of loneliness through empirical data, this research provides a more comprehensive framework for addressing loneliness.