bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FDA Approval Summary: Pertuzumab for Adjuvant Treatment of HER2-Positive Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Howie Lynn J. , Scher Nancy S. , Amiri-Kordestani Laleh , Zhang Lijun , King-Kallimanis Bellinda L. , Choudhry Yasmin , Schroeder Jason , Goldberg Kirsten B. , Kluetz Paul G. , Ibrahim Amna , Sridhara Rajeshwari , Blumenthal Gideon M. , Pazdur Richard , Beaver Julia A.
Published: December 2018

On December 20, 2017, the FDA granted regular approval to pertuzumab in combination with trastuzumab and chemotherapy for the adjuvant treatment of patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer (EBC) at high risk of recurrence. Approval was based on data from the APHINITY trial, which randomized patients to receive pertuzumab or placebo in combination with trastuzumab and chemotherapy. After 45.4-month median follow-up, the proportion of invasive disease-free survival (IDFS) events in the intent-to-treat population was 7.1% (n = 171) in the pertuzumab arm and 8.7% (n = 210) for placebo [hazard ratio (HR), 0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.67–1.00; P = 0.047]. The proportion of IDFS events in patients with hormone receptor–negative disease was 8.2% (n = 71) and 10.6% (n = 91) in the pertuzumab and placebo arms, respectively (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.56–1.04). The proportion of IDFS events for patients with node-positive disease was 9.2% (n = 139) and 12.1% (n = 181) in the pertuzumab and placebo arms, respectively (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.62–0.96). Adverse reactions in ≥30% of patients receiving pertuzumab were diarrhea, nausea, alopecia, fatigue, peripheral neuropathy, and vomiting. From a regulatory standpoint, the benefits of the addition of pertuzumab to adjuvant treatment outweighed the risks for patients with EBC at high risk of recurrence.
Epigenetic Regulation of Dlg1, via Kaiso, Alters Mitotic Spindle Polarity and Promotes Intestinal Tumorigenesis
Authors: Young Madeleine A. , May Stephanie , Damo Angelos , Yoon Young So , Hur Man-Wook , Swat Wojiech , Parry Lee
Published: December 2018

Both alterations to the epigenome and loss of polarity have been linked to cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. It has previously been demonstrated that loss of the epigenetic reader protein Kaiso suppresses intestinal tumorigenesis in the Apc+/min mouse model, in which altered polarity plays a key role. Thus, we investigated the link between Kaiso deficiency, polarity, and suppression of intestinal tumorigenesis. We used Kaiso-deficient mice to conditionally delete Apc within the intestinal epithelia and demonstrated upregulation of the spindle polarity genes Dlg1 and Dlgap1. To understand the role of Dlg1, we generated Villin-creApc+/minDlg1flx/flx Kaiso−/y mice to analyze gene expression, survival, tumor burden, and spindle orientation. In vivo analysis of the Dlg1-deficient intestine revealed improper orientation of mitotic spindles and a decreased rate of cellular migration. Loss of Dlg1 decreased survival in Apc+/min mice, validating its role as a tumor suppressor in the intestine. Significantly, the increased survival of Apc+/minKaisoy/− mice was shown to be dependent on Dlg1 expression. Taken together, these data indicate that maintenance of spindle polarity in the intestinal crypt requires appropriate regulation of Dlg1 expression. As Dlg1 loss leads to incorrect spindle orientation and a delay in cells transiting the intestinal crypt. We propose that the delayed exit from the crypt increase the window in which spontaneous mutations can become fixed, producing a “tumor-permissive” environment, without an increase in mutation rate.

Implications:

Loss of mitotic spindle polarity delays the exit of cells from the intestinal crypt and promotes a tumorigenic environment.
CCL2 Is a Vascular Permeability Factor Inducing CCR2-Dependent Endothelial Retraction during Lung Metastasis
Authors: Roblek Marko , Protsyuk Darya , Becker Paul F. , Stefanescu Cristina , Gorzelanny Christian , Glaus Garzon Jesus F. , Knopfova Lucia , Heikenwalder Mathias , Luckow Bruno , Schneider Stefan W. , Borsig Lubor
Published: December 2018

Increased levels of the chemokine CCL2 in cancer patients are associated with poor prognosis. Experimental evidence suggests that CCL2 correlates with inflammatory monocyte recruitment and induction of vascular activation, but the functionality remains open. Here, we show that endothelial Ccr2 facilitates pulmonary metastasis using an endothelial-specific Ccr2-deficient mouse model (Ccr2ecKO). Similar levels of circulating monocytes and equal leukocyte recruitment to metastatic lesions of Ccr2ecKO and Ccr2fl/fl littermates were observed. The absence of endothelial Ccr2 strongly reduced pulmonary metastasis, while the primary tumor growth was unaffected. Despite a comparable cytokine milieu in Ccr2ecKO and Ccr2fl/fl littermates the absence of vascular permeability induction was observed only in Ccr2ecKO mice. CCL2 stimulation of pulmonary endothelial cells resulted in increased phosphorylation of MLC2, endothelial cell retraction, and vascular leakiness that was blocked by an addition of a CCR2 inhibitor. These data demonstrate that endothelial CCR2 expression is required for tumor cell extravasation and pulmonary metastasis.

Implications:

The findings provide mechanistic insight into how CCL2–CCR2 signaling in endothelial cells promotes their activation through myosin light chain phosphorylation, resulting in endothelial retraction and enhanced tumor cell migration and metastasis.
Use of Hepatitis C Positive Organs: Patient Attitudes in Urban Chicago
Authors: Couri Thomas , Cotter Thomas G. , Chen Daniel , Hammes Mary , Reddy Bharathi , Josephson Michelle , Yeh Heidi , Chung Raymond T. , Paul Sonali
Published: December 2018

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected organs are being transplanted in patients with and without HCV in the direct-acting antiviral era. Little is known about patient attitudes towards receiving an HCV-positive organ. Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine transplant candidates’ attitudes towards receiving HCV-positive organs. Methods: Adult solid organ transplant candidates were identified during a clinic visit or during outpatient hemodialysis from May to December 2017. Willing participants completed a survey. Descriptive analysis including mean and median for continuous variables and frequencies for categorical variables were calculated by the appropriate statistical method and compared across willing, unsure, and unwilling patients and between willing and unsure/unwilling patients. Results: Fifty patients were surveyed with median age 54.5 years (range 32–77). Eighty-eight percent were awaiting kidney transplant, and 12% were awaiting other organs. Median waitlist time was 39.8 months (range 1.7–203 months). Most patients (90%) had prior knowledge of HCV, but only 60% knew it was curable. Forty-six percent were willing, 30% were unsure, and 24% were unwilling to receive an HCV-positive organ. Those willing to accept an HCV-positive organ were significantly older, Caucasian, had shorter waitlist times, and had greater physician trust than those that were unsure/unwilling. Similar worries, such as HCV incurability, insurance coverage, fears over the organ not working, and post-transplant death, were expressed in both the willing and unsure/unwilling patients. Conclusions: The availability of HCV-positive organs may expand the donor pool and decrease waitlist times and mortality. These data highlight the need for patient education towards use of these organs.
Molecular Basis of Cystinosis: Geographic Distribution, Functional Consequences of Mutations in the CTNS Gene, and Potential for Repair
Authors: David Dries , Princiero Berlingerio Sante , Elmonem Mohamed A. , Oliveira Arcolino Fanny , Soliman Neveen , van den Heuvel Bert , Gijsbers Rik , Levtchenko Elena
Published: December 2018

Mutations in the CTNS gene encoding the lysosomal membrane cystine transporter cystinosin are the cause of cystinosis, an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease. More than 140 CTNS mutations have been reported worldwide. Recent studies have discovered that cystinosin exerts other key cellular functions beyond cystine transport such as regulation of oxidative state, lysosomal dynamics and autophagy. Here, we review the different mutations described in the CTNS gene and the geographical distribution of incidence. In addition, the characteristics of the various mutations in relation to the functions of cystinosin needs to be further elucidated. In this review, we highlight the functional consequences of the different mutations in correlation with the clinical phenotypes. Moreover, we propose how this understanding would be fundamental for the development of new technologies through targeted gene therapy, holding promises for a possible cure of the kidney and extra-renal phenotypes of cystinosis.
A Mediterranean Diet with an Enhanced Consumption of Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Pistachios Improves Pregnancy Outcomes in Women Without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Sub-Analysis of the St. Carlos Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prevention Study
Authors: Assaf-Balut Carla , García de la Torre Nuria , Duran Alejandra , Fuentes Manuel , Bordiú Elena , del Valle Laura , Familiar Cristina , Valerio Johanna , Jiménez Inés , Herraiz Miguel A. , Izquierdo Nuria , Torrejon María J. , Cuadrado Maria Ángeles , Ortega Isabel , Illana Francisco J. , Runkle Isabelle , de Miguel Paz , Moraga Inmaculada , Montañez Carmen , Barabash Ana , Cuesta Martín , Rubio Miguel A. , Calle-Pascual Alfonso L.
Published: December 2018

Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), enhanced with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and nuts, on a composite of adverse maternofoetal outcomes of women with normoglycemia during pregnancy. Methods: This was a sub-analysis of the St Carlos gestational diabetes mellitus Prevention Study. Only normoglycemic women were analysed (697). They were randomized (at 8–12th gestational weeks) to: standard-care control group (337), where fat consumption was limited to 30% of total caloric intake; or intervention group (360), where a MedDiet, enhanced with EVOO and pistachios (40–42% fats of total caloric intake) was recommended. The primary outcome was a composite of maternofoetal outcomes (CMFOs): at least having 1 event of emergency C-section, perineal trauma, pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia, prematurity, large-for-gestational-age and small-for gestational-age. Results: Crude relative risk showed that the intervention was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of CMFOs (0.48 [0.37–0.63]; p = 0.0001), with a number-needed-to-treat = 5. Risk of urinary tract infections, emergency C-sections, perineal trauma, large-for-gestational-age and small-for gestational age new-borns were also significantly reduced. Conclusion: A MedDiet, enhanced with EVOO and nuts, was associated with a risk reduction of CMFOs in over 50% in normoglycemic pregnant women. Therefore, it might be a potentially adequate diet for pregnant women. Trial registration: Identifier ISRCTN84389045. The study was registered on September 27, 2013. Last edited on September 26, 2018
Agroinncuba: proposta e posicionamento estratégico da rede ibero-americana de empresas agroalimentares inovadoras
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Carrer Celso da Costa , Raga Esteve Juan Antonio ,   Parc Científic de la Universitat de València, Ribeiro Marcelo Machado De Luca de Oliveira ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Císcar Vicent Clemente ,   Parque Científico de la Universidad de Valencia, Silva Camila Cerezer ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Araujo Níddia Mari Alves de ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos
Published: December 2018

A Rede AGROINNCUBA nasceu observando-se a necessidade de desenvolvimento de negócios inovadores e do suporte às empresas surgidas no segmento do agronegócio em diferentes países. Nesse sentido, formou-se uma rede de incubadoras de empresas do segmento agroalimentar, coordenada pelo Parque Científico da Universidade de Valência (PCUV)/Espanha e com o apoio do Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia e Tecnología para el Desarollo (CYTED), com a participação de instituições de vários países, inclusive o Brasil. A rede prevê uma série de iniciativas de órgãos de países Ibero-americanos, de modo a desenvolver estratégias para impulsionar o setor agroindustrial, promover o intercâmbio de conhecimento entre as empresas incubadas, buscar novos mercados de atuação e apoio dos projetos já desenvolvidos, gerar um manual de boas práticas de gestão tecnológica e empreendedoras para a rede, mapear os diferentes ecossistemas das incubadoras em seus diferentes países e demais parques tecnológicos de interesse.
Para vestir a cena contemporânea: moldes e moda no Brasil do século XVIII
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola de Comunicações e Artes, Viana Fausto , Italiano Isabel C. Italiano ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola de Comunicações e Artes
Published: December 2018

Esta é a continuação do livro Para vestir a cena contemporânea: moldes e moda no Brasil do século XIX, lançado em 2015. É a oportunidade de dar seguimento às reflexões sobre o traje brasileiro, seus modos de produção, sua identidade cultural e sua modelagem. Indicado para estudantes de teatro, moda, pesquisadores em geral e interessados em cultura brasileira, o livro é uma prática ferramenta de trabalho para figurinistas, costureiras, alfaiates e estilistas, um suporte para a criação de trabalhos. O Brasil tem, e sempre teve, um estilo de vestir. Este livro é um importante estudo sobre a moda e a vestimenta no Brasil do século 19, período pelo qual iniciamos a jornada em busca de trajes, modelagens, formas de costura e criação que, literalmente, abraçaram e envolveram o povo brasileiro e aqueles que aqui estiveram. Os autores convidam os leitores a arregaçarem as mangas, seguirem as instruções passo a passo e criarem seus próprios trajes "com 'sabor de brasilidade', abusando das nossas sugestões de tecidos, cores e modos de confecção".
Validation of Resting Diastolic Pressure Ratio Calculated by a Novel Algorithm and Its Correlation With Distal Coronary Artery Pressure to Aortic Pressure, Instantaneous Wave–Free Ratio, and Fractional Flow Reserve
Authors: Ligthart Jurgen , Masdjedi Kaneshka , Witberg Karen , Mastik Frits , van Zandvoort Laurens , Lemmert Miguel E. , Wilschut Jeroen , Diletti Roberto , de Jaegere Peter , Zijlstra Felix , Kardys Isabella , Van Mieghem Nicolas M , Daemen Joost
Published: December 2018

Background:

Instantaneous wave–free ratio (iFR) offers a reliable non–hyperemic assessment of coronary physiology but requires dedicated proprietary software with a fully automated algorithm. We hypothesized that dPR (diastolic pressure ratio), calculated with novel universal software, has a strong correlation with iFR, similar diagnostic accuracy relative to resting distal coronary artery pressure/aortic pressure and fractional flow reserve (FFR).

Methods and Results:

The dPR study is an observational, retrospective, single-center cohort study including patients who underwent iFR or FFR. Dedicated software was used to calculate the dPR from Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) pressure waveforms. The flat period on the pressure difference between sample (dP) to the time difference between the same sample points (dt) signal was used to detect automatically the period, where the resistance is low and constant, and to calculate the dPR, which is an average over 5 consecutive heartbeats. The software was validated by correlating iFR results with dPR. Software validation was done by comparing 78 iFR measurements in 44 patients who underwent iFR. Mean iFR and dPR were 0.91±0.10 and 0.92±0.10, respectively, with a significant linear correlation (
R
=0.997;
P
<0.001). Diagnostic accuracy was tested in 100 patients who underwent FFR. Mean FFR, resting distal coronary artery pressure/aortic pressure, and dPR were 0.85±0.09, 0.94±0.05, and 0.93±0.07, respectively. There was a significant linear correlation between dPR and FFR (
R
=0.77;
P
<0.001). Both distal coronary artery pressure/aortic pressure and dPR had good diagnostic accuracy in the identification of lesions with an FFR ≤0.80 (area under the curve, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.76–0.92 and 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78–0.93, respectively).

Conclusions:

dPR, calculated by a novel validated software tool, showed a strong linear correlation with iFR. dPR correlated well with FFR with a good diagnostic accuracy to identify positive FFR.
Revisiting the Optimal Fractional Flow Reserve and Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio Thresholds for Predicting the Physiological Significance of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Modi Bhavik N. , Rahman Haseeb , Kaier Thomas , Ryan Matthew , Williams Rupert , Briceno Natalia , Ellis Howard , Pavlidis Antonis , Redwood Simon , Clapp Brian , Perera Divaka
Published: December 2018

Background:

There has been a gradual upward creep of revascularization thresholds for both fractional flow reserve (FFR) and instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR), before the clinical outcome trials for both indices. The increase in revascularization that has potentially resulted is at odds with increasing evidence questioning the benefits of revascularizing stable coronary disease. Using an independent invasive reference standard, this study primarily aimed to define optimal thresholds for FFR and iFR and also aimed to compare the performance of iFR, FFR, and resting distal coronary pressure (Pd)/central aortic pressure (Pa).

Methods and Results:

Pd and Pa were measured in 75 patients undergoing coronary angiography±percutaneous coronary intervention with resting Pd/Pa, iFR, and FFR calculated. Doppler average peak flow velocity was simultaneously measured and hyperemic stenosis resistance calculated as hyperemic stenosis resistance=Pa−Pd/average peak flow velocity (using hyperemic stenosis resistance >0.80 mm Hg/cm per second as invasive reference standard). An FFR threshold of 0.75 had an optimum diagnostic accuracy (84%), whereas for iFR this was 0.86 (76%). At these thresholds, the discordance in classification between indices was 11%. The accuracy of contemporary thresholds (FFR, 0.80; iFR, 0.89) was significantly lower (78.7% and 65.3%, respectively) with a 25% rate of discordance. The optimal threshold for Pd/Pa was 0.88 (77.3% accuracy). When comparing indices at optimal thresholds, FFR showed the best diagnostic performance (area under the curve, 0.91 FFR versus 0.79 iFR and 0.77 Pd/Pa,
P
=0.002).

Conclusions:

Contemporary thresholds provide suboptimal diagnostic accuracy compared with an FFR threshold of 0.75 and iFR threshold of 0.86 (cutoffs in derivation studies). Whether more rigorous thresholds would result in selecting populations gaining greater symptom and prognostic benefit needs assessing in future trials of physiology-guided revascularization.
Prognostic value of procalcitonin and lipopolysaccharide binding protein in
cancer patients with chemotherapy-associated febrile neutropenia presenting to an emergency department
Authors: García de Guadiana-Romualdo Luis , Español-Morales Ignacio , Albaladejo-Otón María Dolores , Hernando-Holgado Ana , Jiménez-Santos Enrique , Esteban-Torrella Patricia , Cerezuela-Fuentes Pablo
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia are a heterogeneous group with a significant risk of serious medical
complications. In these patients, the Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) score is the most widely used tool for risk-stratification.
The aim of this prospective study was to analyse the value of procalcitonin (PCT) and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) to predict
serious complications and bacteraemia in cancer patients with febrile neutropenia, compared with MASCC score.
Materials and methods: Data were collected from 111 episodes of febrile neutropenia admitted consecutively to the emergency department. In
all of them, MASCC score was calculated and serum samples were collected for measurement of PCT and LBP by well-established methods. The main
and secondary outcomes were the development of serious complications and bacteraemia, respectively.
Results: A serious complication occurred in 20 (18%) episodes and in 16 (14%) bacteraemia was detected. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic
curve (ROC AUC) of MASCC score, PCT and LBP to select low-risk patients were 0.83 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.74 - 0.89), 0.85 (95%
CI: 0.77 - 0.91) and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.61 - 0.78), respectively. For bacteraemia, MASCC score, PCT and LBP showed ROC AUCs of 0.74 (95% CI: 0.64 - 0.82),
0.86 (95% CI: 0.78 - 0.92) and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.67 - 0.83), respectively.
Conclusion: A single measurement of PCT performs similarly as MASCC score to predict serious medical complications in cancer patients with febrile
neutropenia and can be a useful tool for risk stratification. Besides, low PCT concentrations can be used to rule-out the presence of bacteraemia.
Perceived Stress as a Mediator between Social Support, Religiosity, and Flourishing among Older Adults
Authors: Abdollahi Abbas , Hosseinian Simin , Sadeghi Hassan , Hamid Tengku Aizan
Published: December 2018

This study was designed to examine the relationships between social support, perceived stress, religiosity, and flourishing and to test the mediating role of perceived stress in the relationships between social support and religiosity with flourishing. This study also examines the moderating roles of religiosity and gender in the relationship between social support and flourishing among 2301 Malaysian older adults. Structural Equation Modelling showed that older adults with high levels of social support, high levels of intrinsic religious motivation, high levels of extrinsic religious motivation, and low levels of perceived stress were more likely to experience flourishing. Bootstrapping analysis provided evidence of perceived stress as a significant partial mediator in the links between social support, intrinsic religious motivation, and extrinsic religious motivation with flourishing. Multi-group analysis revealed that religiosity and gender acted as significant moderators in the links between social support, perceived stress, and flourishing.
Climate Law: Accomplishments and Areas for Growth
Authors: Mitchell Ronald B.
Published: December 2018

Climate law has become a vibrant legal field, offering scholars and practitioners increasingly deep analyses of what climate law is, how it is changing, what is driving those changes, and what those changes mean at the international, national, and local level. The field has elaborated and debated numerous climate-specific issues, including geoengineering, adaptation, and loss and damage. Scholars also have analysed the application of broad legal principles to the climate realm and have examined the intersection of climate law with other disciplines, especially economics and political science. I review these important accomplishments and then argue that the field could build on them in two ways. First, many opportunities exist to incorporate insights from economics, political science, and other disciplines, increasing the range of perspectives reflected in our understanding of how climate law works and how it might be improved. Second, opportunities exist for climate law to learn more from experience with other realms of environmental and non-environmental law as well as with other forms of governance. Pursuing both types of opportunities can foster the field’s continuing development.
The Critical Functions of Scholarship in Climate Law
Authors: Mayer Benoit
Published: December 2018

What are we trying to achieve through our scholarship? It appears that most scholarship in climate law seeks to describe ongoing developments by using, inter alia, doctrinal and comparative methodologies. This article argues that, in addition to these ‘mainstream’ scholarly interventions, a critical scholarship in climate law should be, and is, developing. By questioning the assumptions on which climate law is developed, assessing the relations between law and power, or revealing long-overlooked paradoxes, among other topics, critical scholarship broadly conceived could provide innovative and interesting insights that help to achieve a more complete understanding of climate law.
The Inter-American Court’s Environment and Human Rights Advisory Opinion: Implications for International Climate Law
Authors: Campbell-Duruflé Christopher , Atapattu Sumudu Anopama
Published: December 2018

The Advisory Opinion of the Inter-American (IA) Court of Human Rights on Environment and Human Rights, released in February 2018, has the potential to usher in a new era for the relationship between climate law and international human rights law. This article begins with the Inuit Petition submitted to the IA Commission on Human Rights in 2005 to identify three legal challenges which it brought to light on the application of the international human rights framework to climate change: enforceability, causality, and extraterritoriality. By relying on examples from the Human Rights Council and the Paris Agreement negotiations, we show that these three issues continue to have an impact on the relationship between climate law and human rights. We then draw attention to the groundbreaking character of the IA Court’s Advisory Opinion, and in particular to the finding that the American Convention on Human Rights gives rise to an autonomous right to a healthy environment and to state duties that are both preventive and extraterritorial in nature. We suggest that the IA Court’s revisiting of the three legal hurdles provides an opportunity to close the gap between the disciplines of international human rights and climate law.
At the Margins of Architectural and Landscape History: The Rajputs of South Asia
Authors: Fairchild Ruggles D.
Published: December 2018

The Rajput princes of South Asia in the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries built beautiful palaces with gardens and commissioned manuscript paintings that rivaled those of their Mughal contemporaries.  Although the Hindu Rajputs and Muslim Mughals were variously allies and foes, neither political relations nor religious faith prevented artistic exchanges from occurring between them. Just as the Mughals embraced and internalized Indic forms such as the chhatri, the Rajputs likewise appropriated forms such as the four-part garden known as the chahar bagh, not as a direct transfer but a reworking and renegotiation of form and expression. While the Rajput chahar baghs are the only ones to have attracted the attention of historians, most likely because they fit neatly into a recognized architectural type, Rajput patrons also built other kinds of gardens with rectilinear and curving parterres, deep pools with “floating” pavilions, lotus gardens, and orchards resembling sacred groves. Some of these appear in Mughal sites too, typically inserted into a chahar bagh. The essay looks at how typological forms were shared and adapted by the Mughals and Rajputs, and asks what such forms may have meant to their respective patrons. It concludes by proposing that the definition of art historical fields—divided along religious lines between Islam and Hinduism—often impedes such inquiries.
再論漢語方言的形態類型
Authors: Arcodia Giorgio Francesco
Published: December 2018

提要

學者們通常認為漢語是典型的孤立語，詞綴較少，由來知根知底 (Sagart 2004)。本文首先對孤立語的概念進行“解構”。接著，基於山西、陝西、河南、河北以及山東方言的語料，說明漢語方言中似乎存在著地域上成片的具有能產性的形態現象，而這種現象似乎不該出現在孤立語中。本文認為，產生這類形態現象的動因包括語法化標記語音侵蝕的普遍傾向以及方言之間的互相影響。
From the Viewpoint of Historical Grammar: 從歷史語法的觀點論「乞」在閩語中的演變
Authors: Wu Rui-wen
Published: December 2018

提要

本文從歷史語法的角度，探討「乞」在現代閩語方言中的演變，說明「乞」在閩語中具有的功能，包括實詞語義及功能詞用法，並嘗試從方言比較的角度建構「乞」在閩語語法史上的語法演變。根據漢語歷史文獻，「乞」有乞求義跟給予義兩個方向不同的動詞用法，並透過四聲別義的手段來區別。從現代閩語方言看來，閩東方言及局部閩南方言使用「乞」作為被動標記。本文結合早期閩語書面材料及實際調查所得的語料，探究「乞」在閩語中的音韻、詞彙及語法演變。本文的結論如下：1. 音韻方面，「乞」在共同閩語中的語音形式為*kʰɨt7，只有入聲而沒有去聲。2. 詞彙方面，閩語的「乞」同時存在乞求義與給予義兩種實詞用法。3. 就語法演變而言，閩語被動標記「乞」的虛化途徑是：給予義→容讓義→被動標記。
The Evidence for Chinese *-r (古漢語 *-r 尾音的證據)
Authors: Hill (丘內藤) Nathan W.
Published: December 2018

In 1989 Starostin proposed that Old Chinese had a final *-r that later changed to -n (and sometimes -j). Baxter & Sagart subsequently incorporated Starostin’s proposal in their 2014 Old Chinese reconstructions. This essay attempts to assemble the evidence for Old Chinese final *-r and to elaborate an explicit notation for the relative strength of this evidence for reconstructing an *-r in particular words.
1

斯塔羅斯金（1989）提出古漢語存在 -r 尾音的看法,認為這個尾音後來演變為 -n（在有的情況下是 -j）。白一平、沙加爾（2014a）在他們新近的古音構擬中接受了這一看法。本文擬搜集古漢語 -r 尾音的證據，詳細闡述這些證據在特殊詞語中構擬 -r 尾音的重要作用。(This article is in English.)
Revalidation of an endemic Cuban Skipper, Chiomara gundlachi (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)
Authors: NÚÑEZ RAYNER , NORRISS TIM , FERNÁNDEZ DOUGLAS M. , HAUSMANN AXEL
Published: December 2018

In the present work we reassess the taxonomic status of one species of Hesperiidae, subfamily Pyrginae, originally described from Cuba. As part of a larger project on the Greater Antillean butterflies, we obtained COI barcode sequences for Cuban specimens of Chiomara mithrax (Möschler, 1879). The comparison of these sequences revealed deep divergences from others belonging to continental specimens. Inspired by these results we performed morphological comparisons including genitalia structures, which revealed correlating differences between specimens from Cuba and the continent. Therefore, we propose the necessary changes in its taxonomy.
A phylogenetic study of Chinese Velarifictorus Randell, 1964 based on COI gene with describing one new species (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae)
Authors: CHEN GUANG-YU , SHEN CHU-ZE , LIU YUN-FEI , LIAO WANG , HE ZHU-QING
Published: December 2018

Eight species of genus Velarifictorus Randell, 1964 have been recorded from China prior to this study. Here we describe one new species, Velarifictorus dianxiensis He sp. nov. from western Yunnan. COI genes of Velarifictorus spp. were used to reconstruct a phylogenetic tree for confirming the relationships of these species. The type specimens are deposited in Museum of Biology, East China Normal University (ECNU).
It’s All about the Voice . . . for Wind Instrumentalists, Too!
Authors: Trollinger Valerie L. , Sataloff Robert T.
Published: December 2018

While many music teachers are familiar with strategies to prevent damage due to vocal abuse or misuse, they are generally not acquainted with other vocal problems that can affect their own or their students’ singing ability. Such damage can also occur when playing a wind instrument. While vocal abuse and misuse are commonly understood in music education, problems (in children and adults) associated with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), continuing unresolved issues in child voice pedagogy, and issues concerning protecting the larynx in young wind instrumentalists are not as well known to music educators. This article presents some new research of importance to music educators.
The Mindful Music Educator: Strategies for Reducing Stress and Increasing Well-Being
Authors: Varona Dana Arbaugh
Published: December 2018

How can we help music educators who struggle with high levels of occupational stress and burnout? Decades of medical research suggest that mindfulness-based interventions can increase well-being and reduce stress. This article provides an overview of mindfulness practice and a series of mindfulness-based strategies to help music educators manage occupational stress and avoid burnout. With practice, music educators can become more aware of the factors contributing to their well-being and use mindfulness-based strategies to manage symptoms of burnout.
Breaking the Cycle: Understanding the Needs of Women Involved in the Criminal Justice System and the Role of Mentoring in Promoting Desistance
Authors: Singh Sara , Cale Jesse , Armstrong Kat
Published: December 2018

An increasingly popular gender-specific intervention to assist women involved in the criminal justice system (e.g., ex-prisoners) is mentoring. However, despite the growing popularity of mentoring, there is a dearth of literature that has explored the intervention’s efficacy, particularly as it relates to women involved in the criminal justice system. In the current study, client files of 64 women in a one-to-one mentoring program in Australia were examined to identify (a) the social and practical needs and obstacles faced by women overcoming their involvement with the justice system, and (b) the extent to which mentoring addressed these needs and obstacles. The results show that consistent with previous research, many of the women experienced a range of social and practical difficulties that impeded the desistance process. For a large portion of the women, however, mentoring helped overcome some difficulties by enhancing positive social capital in their lives. These findings are discussed in the context of how mentoring relationships can act as key turning points in the lives of women involved in the criminal justice system.
Frenotomy in Infants with Tongue-Tie and Breastfeeding Problems
Authors: Srinivasan Anjana , Al Khoury Alex , Puzhko Svetlana , Dobrich Carole , Stern Meira , Mitnick Howard , Goldfarb Lenore
Published: December 2018

Background:

Infant tongue-tie can cause breastfeeding problems, which may be improved by frenotomy. However, controversy exists among the medical community.

Research aim:

To examine the influence of frenotomy on infants with posterior ankyloglossia, by quantifying the changes in breastfeeding and maternal nipple pain using standardized tools.

Methods:

Newborns ( N = 30) below 12 weeks of age were recruited from the Herzl–Goldfarb Breastfeeding Clinic between April 2014 and April 2015. Diagnosis of posterior ankyloglossia was made clinically. Frenotomy was performed. Mothers received breastfeeding counseling before and after the procedure. Pain and breastfeeding were assessed before the procedure, immediately after the procedure, and after 2 days, 7 days and 14 days. Breastfeeding was assessed using the LATCH Tool and by subjective questioning. Maternal nipple pain was assessed using the Numeric Rating System.

Results:

No complications were reported with frenotomy. There was a significant improvement in LATCH score immediately post-frenotomy, with an increase in median scores from 7.5 to 8.5 ( p < .0001, Wilcoxon signed rank test). There was a significant decrease in median pain score immediately post-frenotomy, from 3.0 on the left nipple and 3.25 on the right nipple, to 0 bilaterally ( p < .0001, Wilcoxon signed rank test). Subjective improvement in breastfeeding was reported by 90% of mothers immediately after frenotomy and 83% of mothers at Day 14.

Conclusion:

Frenotomy for posterior ankyloglossia may improve breastfeeding and nipple pain.
Interpretations of Justice: Conceptions of Family and Gender Justice at a Nari Adalat (Women’s Court) in South India
Authors: Potthoff Sarah
Published: December 2018

This article is a socio-legal study situated at the intersection of legal anthropology, sociology of law, and gender studies. It addresses interpretations of family and gender justice by analyzing a family dispute brought before a women’s court in the rural northern part of Karnataka, a state in South India. The analysis is based on ethnographic material collected during a 7-month fieldwork stay. The trials presented provide insight into the potential and the limitations of the women’s court and into the structural conditions upon which success in this comparatively new legal arena depends. In doing so, the article identifies the power structures and obstacles within and beyond the family that restrict women in their quest for justice. The article presents the argument that the family itself plays an ambivalent role: It is a constraint, but can also support the woman’s attempt to increase family and gender justice in family conflicts. To understand this ambivalence properly, one must attend to what family and gender justice mean in any given context and how particular family relations shape this concept beyond a normative liberal reading.
School Climate Among Transgender High School Students: An Exploration of School Connectedness, Perceived Safety, Bullying, and Absenteeism
Authors: Pampati Sanjana , Andrzejewski Jack , Sheremenko Ganna , Johns Michelle , Lesesne Catherine A. , Rasberry Catherine N.
Published: December 2018

This study used self-administered survey data from seven high schools in Florida with a majority Black and/or Hispanic sample to examine transgender students’ perceptions and experiences related to school climate in comparison to cisgender students. Using propensity score matching, a matched analytic sample was created of transgender and cisgender students ( n = 542, including 186 transgender youth). Adjusted weighted logistic regression models indicated that transgender students were significantly more likely to report ever being bullied at school, being bullied in the past 3 months, and not going to school ≥3 days during the past 30 days. Transgender students were significantly less likely to report feeling safe at school and having positive perceptions of all five school connectedness items compared to cisgender students. Recent bullying experiences moderated the association between transgender status and past month absences. Findings can inform potential roles for school nurses in improving school climate for transgender youth.
Treatment Patterns and Costs Among Children Aged 2 to 17 Years With ADHD in New York State Medicaid in 2013
Authors: Guo Liqiong , Danielson Melissa , Cogan Lindsay , Hines Leah , Armour Brian
Published: December 2018

Objective: To identify children with ADHD enrolled in New York State (NYS) Medicaid and characterize ADHD-associated costs by treatment category. Method: In 2013, 1.4 million children aged 2 to 17 years were enrolled in NYS Medicaid. Medicaid claims and encounters were used to identify children with ADHD, classify them by type of treatment received, and estimate associated costs. Results: The ADHD cohort comprised 5.4% of all Medicaid-enrolled children, with 35.0% receiving medication only, 16.2% receiving psychological services only, 42.2% receiving both, and 6.6% receiving neither. The total costs for the ADHD cohort (US$729.3 million) accounted for 18.1% of the total costs for children enrolled in NYS Medicaid. Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of achieving a better understanding of children with ADHD enrolled in NYS Medicaid. A framework to categorize children with ADHD based on their treatment categories may help to target interventions to improve the quality of care and reduce costs.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Finnish Version of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire
Authors: Hulkkonen S. , Repo J. P. , Häkkinen A. , Karppinen J. , Ryhänen J.
Published: December 2018

Background and Aims:

Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire is a widely used patient-reported outcome measure in hand surgery. The aim of this study was to translate and validate the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire into Finnish for Finnish patients with hand problems following international standards and guidelines.

Material and Methods:

The original English Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire was translated into Finnish. Altogether, 115 patients completed the Finnish Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire, and reference outcomes: Disabilities of the Arm and Shoulder, EQ-5D 3L and pain intensity on a visual analog scale. Grip and key pinch forces were measured. After 1–2 weeks, 63 patients completed the Finnish Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire the second time. The Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire was analyzed for internal consistency, repeatability, correlations with the reference outcomes, and factor analysis.

Results:

Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.90 to 0.97 in all the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire subscales, showing high internal consistency. The intraclass correlation coefficient showed good to excellent test–retest reliability ranging from 0.66 to 0.91 in all the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire subscales. In factor analysis, the structure with six subscales was not confirmed. All the subscales correlated with Disabilities of the Arm and Shoulder score, and five subscales correlated with EQ-5D index.

Conclusion:

The Finnish version of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire showed similar properties compared to the original English version and thus can be used as patient-reported outcome measure for Finnish patients with hand problems.
Tubarão and Seu Lázaro’s dog: Spectacular and banal violence in a Brazilian favela
Authors: Ben Penglase R.
Published: December 2018

This article re-examines ethnographic research I conducted on violence and insecurity in a favela in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It examines how the ethnographic strategies I chose – both methodologically and representationally – were shaped by different forms of violence. Contrasting a spectacular incident of violence, where a drug-dealer shot a person and a neighborhood dog, with more banal and everyday forms of violence, I ask how my ethnographic approach shaped my anthropology, or analysis, of violence. I argue that my focus on more spectacular types of violence was shaped by three factors: my own methodological and political positioning, the relationship between some forms of violence and narration, and the trope of the everyday state of emergency. These factors, though, tend to obscure ethnographic attention to more banal forms of violence. I argue that a deeper understanding of violence can be produced by paying equal attention to more banal forms of deprivation, but that this analysis requires a different ethnographic approach.
The limits to personal self-categorization on key demographics
Authors: Webber Richard
Published: December 2018

Any research survey is likely to apply some set of rules in order to classify respondents according to age, gender, social class, ethnicity, disability, and so on. But the rules governing how people are categorized may be less consistent than we suppose. In respect of gender and ethnicity, there is an unspoken assumption that the researcher should accept unquestioningly the category with which the data subject self-identifies. But in respect of social class, an equally important aspect of identity, respondents are content to have categories applied externally, for example, on the basis of their occupation. The article argues that rather than seeking to achieve a supposedly “correct” classification for each data subject, it might be better to apply at least two categorizations, one reflecting a person’s own self-identification, the other on how they are socially perceived. These different forms of identification are relevant to different types of research application.
Researching in-store, at home: Using virtual reality within quantitative surveys
Authors: Bramley Ian , Goode Alastair , Anderson Laura , Mary Elisabeth
Published: December 2018

This article reviews the experience, steps taken, and lessons learnt from including a virtual reality film within a mobile online survey. The survey was designed to test point-of-sale displays within a retail store environment, with respondents exposed to the store using virtual reality within the survey, rather than being a shown a static image or a standard film of the store’s interior. The results show how incorporating a virtual reality film within a survey can significantly add to the survey enjoyment compared to traditional approaches. The findings show how the uniqueness of the virtual reality experience can help engage respondents, offering a modern and relevant way to provide a more realistic survey experience that respondents are receptive to. The study also demonstrates that it is technically feasible to incorporate a virtual reality experience into an online survey among typical panelists, without high failure rates or the need to over-incentivise to participate. This article discusses the use of virtual reality within surveys and the practical steps taken to incorporate the virtual reality film, as well as the key learnings generated from the experience. The future potential for the application of virtual reality technology within research is also explored.
The attendance at sporting events: A generalized theory and its implications
Authors: Trinh Giang Tue
Published: December 2018

This article generalizes the well-known negative binomial distribution (NBD) theory to attendance behavior at sporting events. Using data from a large national survey across a range of sporting events in Australia, including Australian football, rugby league, soccer (outdoor), horse racing, motor sports, rugby union, cricket (outdoor), netball (indoor and outdoor), basketball (indoor and outdoor), harness racing, and dog racing, we show that the NBD is very robust in describing sporting event attendance behavior. This result has implications for sporting event marketing activities, such as which attendee segments should be targeted, how to increase ticket sales, as well as predicting future attendance behavior.
Exploring constituency-level estimates for the 2017 British general election
Authors: Johnston Ron , Rossiter David , Hartman Todd , Pattie Charles , Manley David , Jones Kelvyn
Published: December 2018

Most opinion polls conducted during British general election campaigns report on each party’s estimated national vote share. Although of considerable interest, these data do not put the spotlight on the marginal seats, the constituencies targeted by the parties for intensive canvassing; these are where the contest for a majority in the House of Commons is won and lost. There have been some polls covering those constituencies as a whole, but very few of individual constituencies so there was very little reporting of the outcome for each party in those individual constituencies. That changed with the 2017 general election, when three analysts published estimates on the Internet of each party’s vote share separately for each constituency and with those data predicted which party would win each seat. This paper explores the veracity of those estimates, finding that although in general terms they accurately represented the relative position of each constituency in the share of each party’s votes, nevertheless their estimates of which marginal seats would be won by each were not as accurate. The implications of such polls, especially as their predictive ability is improved, are discussed.
Influence on the cross-linking and plasticization degree of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) and evaluation of expansion capacity to the production of foams with supercritical CO2
Authors: Zimmermann Matheus VG , Colombo Marcos Aurélio , Pizza Diego , Zattera Ademir J
Published: December 2018

The modification of a thermoplastic elastomer by cross-linking or plasticizing allows the manipulation of material properties for different applications. Cross-linking additives promote the increase of mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties, while the use of plasticizers has the opposite effect, giving the material soft properties. Such characteristics affect the development of polymeric foams directly, where the polymer matrix properties have large influence on the foaming capacity and morphology of the cells. This study investigated the use of cross-linking and plasticizer additives in ethylene-co-vinyl acetate copolymer, as well as its influence on the foaming capacity. The increasing content of cross-linking additive impacts on formation of preferentially closed cells, with high cell density and smaller size, while using plasticizers a higher occurrence of cell deformation and open cells was verified. The low formation of cells due to the decreasing of the polymer matrix thermal stability allows gases to escape during the processing and favors the cell coalescence effect. The foaming temperature is directly related to the polymer melt temperature, so, for the plasticizer-added samples, lower temperatures were required during the foaming than the samples with the cross-linking agent.