bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Essex and Herts Air Ambulance: a focused case series for pre-hospital practice
Authors: Ley Erica , Webb Tim , Chesters Adam , Clarke Ben
Published: November 2015

Due to the relative infrequency of major trauma in the paediatric population, along with the presence of family members during the resuscitation, management of trauma in this age group can be both emotive and highly challenging. Through comprehensive assessment, targeted resuscitation and considered triage to an appropriate paediatric trauma facility, pre-hospital care clinicians can help to improve outcomes in the paediatric trauma patient ( Simpson et al, 2012 ; Nystrup et al, 2015 ).

This article aims to provide a structured, evidence-based approach to the assessment and management of the injured child in the pre-hospital setting. We report the case of a 10-year old female involved in a pedestrian versus van road traffic collision (RTC). The principles of systematic assessment and holistic management of the paediatric trauma patient are discussed. We also discuss where an extended care service such as a Helicopter Emergency Medical Service may be of assistance.
Kinetic Studies on the Inactivation of Polyphenoloxdiase (PPO) and Peroxidase (POD) in Citrus and Apple Juices Using Heat and High Hydrostatic Pressure Treatment
Authors: Lee Won-Suk , Kim Chang-Nam , Choi Sung-Won , Hur Nam-Yoon , Park Seok-Jun , Kim Byung-Yong , Baik Moo-Yeol
Published: November 2015

Although HHP processing is getting popular in the food industry, there are limited researches focused on the inactivation kinetics of enzymes such as polyphenoloxdiase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) under HHP. The objective of this work was to elucidate the thermal and non-thermal inactivation kinetics of PPO and POD in citrus and apple juices. The citrus and apple used in this experiment were purchased from the local market. Fruit juices were extracted using a blender and were treated by heat (at 70-80°C for 10-30 min) and pressure (at 100-500 MPa for 10-60 min). HHP conditions used in this study were not sufficient enough to inactivate PPO and POD in both citrus and apple juices. PPO was relatively more heat and pressure stable than POD. Results of the HHP treatment could not be applied to kinetic modeling because the inactivation degree of both enzymes was almost insignificant. Through the results of the activation energy, this study suggested that the POD of citrus needed less energy than the POD of apple in order to inactivate enzymes.
Effect of Citron Pomace Oleoresin and Sugar Contents on the Quality of Citron Jelly
Authors: Jo Hye Young , Kang Tae-Young , Jung Junho , Ko Sanghoon
Published: November 2015

The objectives of this study were to prepare citron jellies containing citron pomace oleoresin, vitamins, and minerals and to investigate the effect of sugar and xylitol composition on their appearance and texture properties over time. The citron jellies were prepared with the ingredients of citron juice, gelatin, citron pomace oleoresin, vitamins, sugar (0, 25, and 50%), xylitol (0, 25, and 50%), and minerals. The lightness of the citron jellies decreased with increasing sugar content. On the contrary, the hardness of the citron jellies increased with increasing sugar content. The addition of citron pomace oleoresin lowered the lightness and hardness of the citron jellies. Sugar recrystalization in the citron jellies occurred over time; the sugar recrystalization was high in the citron jellies prepared with a high content of xylitol. In conclusion, the citron jellies prepared at 25% sugar and 25% xylitol showed the smallest change of appearance and texture property over time.
Effect of Particle Size and High Pressure Processing on the Antioxidant Activity of the Skin and Flesh of Deodeok (Condonopsis lanceolata)
Authors: Hong Yoon-Ki , Ahn JuHee , Yoon Won Byong
Published: November 2015

The effects of particle size and high pressure on the antioxidant activity of skin and flesh of deodeok (Condonopsis lanceolata) were studied. The deodeok powder was prepared by different particle sizes, such as 20-40 mesh, 40-60 mesh, and below 100 mesh. High pressure was applied at 250 MPa and 450 MPa for 10min. The antioxidant activity was measured by the concentration of total phenol, DPPH, and reduction power. According to the mass transfer theory, the diffusion rate was inversely proportional to the particle sizes of the solute. However, high extraction rate was observed from the large particle size (20-40 mesh) of the powder prepared by the whole deodeok which included both skin and flesh. When the powders were separately prepared by skin and flesh, the extraction rate were inversely proportional to the particle size. The antioxidant activity from the skin was significantly higher than that of flesh (p<0.05). High pressure treatment increased the antioxidant activity of flesh dramatically. The result of study indicated that the by-product of deodeok was a useful resource to obtain the antioxidants.
Potential Combination of Various Freezing and Thawing Techniques Applicable for Frozen Storage of Mushroom (Lentinula edodes)
Authors: Shim Jun-Bo , Jo Yeon-Ji , Choi Mi-Jung , Min Sang-Gi , Yoo Seon-Mi , Chun Ji-Yeon
Published: November 2015

In this study, the potential of various freezing and thawing combinations was investigated for frozen storage of mushroom (Lentinula edodes). Lentinula edodes were sliced (5×5×50 mm) and then blanched in boiling water for 1 min. Samples were frozen by either natural air convection freezing (NCF, -24°C), air-blast freezing (ABF, -45°C), or liquid nitrogen freezing (LNF, -100°C). Frozen Lentinula edodes were thawed to a central temperature of 4°C using either flowing water thawing (FT, 10°C), microwave thawing (MT, 400 W), sonication thawing (ST, 40 kHz, 10°C), or natural air convection thawing (NT, 20±5°C). In LNF Lentinula edodes, MT showed the most rapid thawing within 2.5 min followed by ST (30 min), FT (37 min), and NT (75 min). Quality attributes were evaluated by thawing loss, texture (hardness), water content, water holding capacity, pH, and color. A combination of LNF and MT induced the lowest thawing loss among tested combinations of each freezing and thawing. Thawing loss of frozen Lentinula edodes by LNF method was the lowest by MT. pH values NT of ABF method were significantly higher than blanched Lentinula edodes. In our study, MT minimized the quality changes of frozen Lentinula edodes when it was combined with ABF or LNF.
Effects of Pellet Heating Time on the Physical Properties of Vacuum-puffed Yukwa
Authors: Shen Xiao-jun , Li Xiao-yu , Ryu Gi-Hyung
Published: November 2015

Experimental design with pellet heating time of 1.00, 1.33, 1.67, 2.00, 2.33, 2.67, 3.00, 3.33, 3.67, and 4.00 min was studied to investigate the effects of pellet heating time on the physical properties (expansion ratio, density and breaking strength) of vacuum-puffed Yukwa. The size and shape of vacuum-puffed Yukwa varied with respect to the pellet heating time.As pellet heating time increased, a values and b values tended to increase. The maximum expansion (4.626) with the lowest bulk density (0.112) was obtained at 3.33 min heating time, whereas the minimum expansion (2.954) with the highest bulk density (0.208) was found at 1 min. The breaking strength of vacuumpuffed Yukwa decreased significantly as the pellet heating time increased. Overall, the heating time had significant impacts on the physical properties of vacuum-puffed Yukwa.
Effect of Various Sugar Additives on Characteristics and Sensory
Authors: Yoon Jae-Yoon , Choi Yong-Keun , Park Jung-Soo , Jung Heehoon , Song Hakjin , Jeon Hyeon Jin , Lee Jung-Chang , Kim Hyung Joo
Published: November 2015

The effect of various sugar additives on physico-chemical characteristics and sensory qualities of pineapple wine was investigated. For the wine fermentation, pineapple juices containing different sugars (sucrose, glucose, fructose, and corn syrup) were used. The results showed that the fermentation characteristics of the pineapple juice depended on the sugar additives. In the case of sucrose, glucose, fructose, and corn syrup additions, the fermentations were extended to 5-15 days compared to the control sample (2 days). The glucose added to wine fermentation showed the highest alcohol concentration (12.8%). When the residual sugars were measured after the fermentations, fructose was observed as a major residual sugar in all fermentations. Particularly, the highest concentration of citric acid (0.335 mg/mL) and malic acid (0.127 mg/mL) was monitored in sucrose added to wine fermentation. Average concentrations of the phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging concentration) in the pineapple wines were 950 and 4,900 mg/L, respectively. The sensory analysis of the wines showed that the additions of the different sugars produced different preferences in both the expert and layman examining groups.
Effect of Superheated Steam Treatment on the Physicochemical Properties of Extruded Rice Snack
Authors: Lee Si-Yeon , Ko Bum-Soo , Park Jun-Kyu , Choi Eun-Hee , Lee Mi-Yeon , Yoo Young-Mi , Jo Eun-Kyong , Lee Jae-Kwon
Published: November 2015

This study was carried out to examine the effect of superheated steam (SHS) treatment combined with extrusion process on the physicochemical properties of extruded rice snack. Milled rice grains were heated for 2 min using the SHS at 200°C, 250°C, and 350°C, then processed into extruded rice snacks using a single screw extruder. Bulk density, hardness, water solubility index (WSI), and water uptake capacity of extruded rice snack were significantly influenced by the SHS treatment and temperature of SHS. Increasing SHS temperature resulted in extruded rice snack with a higher expansion, WSI, and water uptake capacity than those of the control snack. Meanwhile, hardness decreased greatly with increasing SHS temperature. The microstructure of extruded rice snack revealed that the sizes and thickness of air cells and air cell walls decreased after SHS treatment with increasing SHS temperature, resulting in better expansion and softer texture. Presumably, the influence of SHS treatment on structural changes was attributed to the increased number of micro-bubbles nucleated in the starch melt during the extrusion process.
Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure on Tensile and Texture Properties of Gluten-free Buckwheat Dough and Noodle
Authors: Jung Hwabin , Pan Cheol Ho , Yoon Won Byong
Published: November 2015

The effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on the physical properties of the starch in buckwheat dough (BD) for noodle application was studied. HHP was applied to the BD at various pressures: at 50 MPa and 415 MPa for 9 min and at 200 MPa for 3 min and 15 min. The microstructure of BD after HHP treatment showed a higher degree of swelling of starch granules as the pressure level and the holding time increased. The starch granules in BD at 415 MPa were ruptured whereas other samples were gelatinized with intact starch granules. The failure tensile distance of BD, the most important quality index of dough for noodle processing, significantly increased at 200 MPa for 15 min (p<0.05). The springiness, adhesiveness, and chewiness of cooked dough were reduced as the pressure level increased, whereas the gumminess, springiness, and chewiness moderately increased as the holding time increased. Our study demonstrated that the noodle dough treated with suitable pressure level and holding time improved not only the process-ability of gluten free dough but also the texture characteristics of cooked noodle product.
REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DOS ESTUDANTES DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO SOBRE OS ESTÁGIOS NÃO-OBRIGATÓRIOS: UM ESTUDO NA UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE MARINGÁ
Authors: Gonzaga Jaqueline Cristina Romero , Oliveira Josiane Silva de , Chagas Priscilla Borgonhoni
Published: November 2015

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as representações sociais dos estudantes universitários do curso de Administração da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) quanto às suas experiências em relação ao estágio não-obrigatório. Para alcançar este objetivo, inicialmente, discutiu-se o conceito de representações sociais e como elas são construídas com base no senso comum. Foram apontados alguns dados referentes à expansão do ensino superior no país que influenciaram o aumento do número de estágios e estagiários no Brasil. Utilizou-se como instrumento de coleta de dados a entrevista semiestruturada, realizada com doze acadêmicos, e, posteriormente, analisadas por meio da análise de conteúdo. Os principais resultados da pesquisa apontam que o estágio é representado pelos acadêmicos do curso de Administração como sendo uma forma mais rápida de ingresso ao mercado de trabalho, entretanto com baixa remuneração e, por vezes, precarizado. Destaca-se como um dos resultados do estudo a influência das políticas de expansão das universidades no Brasil que resultou em uma maior oferta dos cursos de bacharelado e, consequentemente, de acadêmicos destes cursos no mercado de trabalho.
O QUE É CIÊNCIA? UMA REFLEXÃO ACERCA DAS PERCEPÇÕES DE ALUNOS DE DOUTORADO EM ADMINISTRAÇÃO ANALISADAS SOB A PERSPECTIVA DE EDGAR MORIN E DO PARADIGMA DA COMPLEXIDADE
Authors: Dal Bo Giancarlo , Biegelmeyer Uiliam Hahn , Ganzer Paula Patrícia , Olea Pelayo Munhoz , Dorion Eric Charles Henri
Published: November 2015

Discussões a respeito dos paradigmas que modelam a ciência são importantes no sentido de promover uma reflexão entre os pesquisadores quanto ao seu papel na sociedade. O paradigma cartesiano-newtoniano encontra-se tanto no âmbito das ciências naturais quanto no âmbito das ciências sociais, que as tomaram como referência, sendo gradativamente colocado em questionamento, em função do esgotamento de sua força explicativa diante dos fenômenos da atualidade. Alguns autores propõem o paradigma da complexidade que teria, em função de características expostas neste trabalho, melhores condições de propiciar uma compreensão ampla do processo de construção do conhecimento. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica e de uma pesquisa quantitativa conduzida junto a alunos de Doutorado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração em associação ampla entre duas Instituições de Ensino Superior do Rio Grande do Sul, este artigo realiza a identificação das percepções vigentes em relação às posições epistemológicas e paradigmáticas assumidas no âmbito das ciências, confrontando-as com a proposta de Edgar Morin relativamente ao paradigma da complexidade.
A INSERÇÃO DA TEMÁTICA DE SUSTENTABILIDADE NA FORMAÇÃO DE FUTUROS GESTORES: COMO OS PROFESSORES SE DEPARAM COM O ASSUNTO?
Authors: Franco Izabela Teixeira , Teixeira Maísa Gomide , Azevedo Denise Barros de , Moura-Leite Rosamaria Cox
Published: November 2015

A integração da temática de sustentabilidade nos conteúdos educativos promove a formação de cidadãos responsáveis por suas ações e com consciência do seu papel na sociedade. Ao ser levado para as salas de aula, esse assunto assume relevância também para formação de administradores, que influenciarão direta ou indiretamente a tomada de decisão dentro das organizações que, por sua vez, são responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento das nações e por grande parte dos problemas os quais a proposta de sustentabilidade combate. O presente estudo de cunho qualitativo possui o objetivo de investigar como ocorre a inserção do tema dentro dos cursos de ensino superior em Administração. Este propósito é abarcado por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, análise documental e pesquisa de campo, com enfoque no papel representado pelos docentes na veiculação do conteúdo sobre a sustentabilidade por meio das atividades acadêmicas. Verificou-se que os docentes consideram a sustentabilidade relevante para a formação dos futuros gestores, porém há divergência de opiniões quanto a sua abrangência.
Mitral Perivalvular Leak after Blunt Chest Trauma: A Rare Cause of Severe Subacute Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Marchese Nicola , Facciorusso Antonio , Vigna Carlo
Published: November 2015

Blunt chest trauma is a very rare cause of valve disorder. Moreover, mitral valve involvement is less frequent than is aortic or tricuspid valve involvement, and the clinical course is usually acute. In the present report, we describe the case of a 49-year-old man with a perivalvular mitral injury that became clinically manifest one year after a violent, nonpenetrating chest injury.

This case is atypical in regard to the valve involved (isolated mitral damage), the injury type (perivalvular leak in the absence of subvalvular abnormalities), and the clinical course (interval of one year between trauma and symptoms).
Coronary Embolization from a Left Atrial Myxoma Containing Malignant Lymphoma Cells
Authors: Pineda Andrés M. , Mihos Christos G. , Nascimento Francisco O. , Santana Orlando , Lamelas Joseph , Beohar Nirat
Published: November 2015

Systemic embolization from a primary cardiac tumor is a relatively frequent presentation. However, an acute myocardial infarction due to coronary embolization is rarely seen. We offer an unusual case of a 50-year-old man who presented with severe angina and was diagnosed with an inferolateral ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. Aside from otherwise healthy coronary arteries, his coronary angiogram revealed an acute occlusion of the first obtuse marginal branch, which was treated with balloon angioplasty. Because no residual plaque or dissection was found after the angioplasty, an embolic source was suspected. An echocardiogram then revealed a large mobile left atrial myxoma prolapsing into the left ventricle, so the patient underwent minimally invasive resection. Detailed pathologic examination of the myxoma revealed a concomitant high-grade B-cell lymphoma.
Microaxial Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device as a Bridge to Transplantation after LVAD Malfunction
Authors: Reich Heidi J. , Shah Aamir , Azarbal Babak , Kobashigawa Jon , Moriguchi Jaime , Czer Lawrence , Esmailian Fardad
Published: November 2015

Evolving technology and improvements in the design of modern, continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices have substantially reduced the rate of device malfunction. As the number of implanted devices increases and as survival prospects for patients with a device continue to improve, device malfunction is an increasingly common clinical challenge. Here, we present our initial experience with an endovascular microaxial flow left ventricular assist device as a successful bridge to transplantation in a 54-year-old man who experienced left ventricular assist device malfunction.
Intensive Statin Therapy in NSTE-ACS Patients Undergoing PCI: Clinical and Biochemical Effects
Authors: Shehata Mohamed , Fayez George , Nassar Ahmed
Published: November 2015

Early initiation of statin therapy in acute coronary syndrome patients has a favorable prognostic impact because of its anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic properties. In this study, we explored the effect of atorvastatin-loading, followed by intensive atorvastatin therapy, on clinical and biochemical outcomes in non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndrome patients who were scheduled for percutaneous coronary intervention.

We prospectively enrolled 140 patients (mean age, 56 ± 9 years, 68% men). Once eligible, patients were randomly assigned to receive either a moderate 20-mg daily dose of atorvastatin (Group A) or a 160-mg loading dose followed by an intensified 80-mg daily dose (Group B). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were recorded before and after intervention. Evaluation after 6 months included hs-CRP levels, left ventricular systolic function, and major adverse cardiac events.

We found no significant difference between the 2 groups in regard to the interventional data. However, blood sampling after coronary intervention, and again 6 months later, revealed a significant decline in mean hs-CRP level among Group B patients (P <0.001). Moreover, patients in Group B manifested a higher left ventricular ejection fraction than did patients in Group A (P <0.05). After 6 months, we found no significant difference between groups in the incidence of major adverse cardiac events.

We conclude that intensive atorvastatin therapy in non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndrome patients is associated with lower hs-CRP levels and with higher left ventricular ejection fraction after 6 months, with no significant impact on adverse cardiac events.
Pulp-Capping with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate
Authors: Peycheva Kalina
Published: November 2015

There are two considerations for direct pulp capping - accidental mechanical pulp exposure and exposure caused by caries. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was used as pulp-capping material to preserve the vitality of the pulpal tissues. Follow-up examinations revealed that treatment was successful in preserving pulpal vitality and continued development of the tooth. On the basis of available information, it appears that MTA is the material of choice for some clinical applications. Material and methods: Cases 18 - 8 teeth with grey MTA, 10 teeth with white MTA; diagnose: Pulpitis chronica ulcerosa, Electro pulpal test (EOD) - 30-35 μA, pre-clinical X-ray - without changes in the structures, follow ups for 4 years. Successful treatments: without clinical symptoms and changes in the X-rays: 5 teeth with grey MTA, 8 teeth with white MTA for period of 4 years. Unsuccessful treatments: Clinical symptoms and sometimes changes in the X-ray: 3 with grey MTA, 2 with white MTA. MTA is an appropriate material for pulp-capping and follow-up examinations revealed that the treatment was successful in preserving pulpal vitality.
Studies on the epidemiology and histopathology of Euclinostomum heterostomum (Trematoda; Digenea) infection in Channa punctata from North India
Authors: Shareef P. A. Ahammed , Abidi Syed M. A.
Published: November 2015

A survey on the occurrence and epidemiology of the encysted progenetic metacercariae of Euclinostomum heterostomum infection in Channa punctata in the Aligarh region of North India revealed a mean prevalence, intensity, and abundance of 18.61, 1.52, and 0.38%, respectively, during the period from April 2011 to March 2012. Liver, kidney, peritoneum, muscle, and ovary were found to be infected with this parasite, and the later three are reported for the first time in this fish species. The histopathology of the infected tissues indicated the following at the host-parasite interface: tissue damage, infiltration of immune cells into the cyst wall, chronic inflammatory responses, and granulomatous lesions. The infected liver showed degeneration of hepatocytes, cytoplasmic vacuolation, nuclear alterations, mallory body formation, fibrosis, and necrosis. The pathology of the infected kidney included distortion and dilation of renal tubules, vacuolar degeneration, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of tubular epithelial cells, occlusion of tubules, fibrosis, hemorrhage, and congestion of glomeruli. The infected muscle demonstrated comparatively fewer pathological changes confined only to the circumference of the cyst wall. The ovary displayed the least changes. The conclusions drawn from the study are that the large metacercarial cysts formed by E. heterostomum in the vital organs of the economically important fish C. punctata could result in the impairment of fish physiology and health, thereby affecting their productivity and quality for human consumption.
Pathology of Edwardsiella tarda infection in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822), fingerlings
Authors: Abraham Thangapalam Jawahar , Mallick Prakash Kumar , Adikesavalu Harresh , Banerjee Sayani
Published: November 2015

Edwardsiella tarda is one of the serious fish pathogens infecting both cultured and wild fish species. This study aimed to assess the phenotypic characterization and pathogenicity of E. tarda isolated from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) with dropsy and histopathological alterations. The causative agent was identified with Vitek 2, and its pathogenicity was determined by intramuscular injection. The challenged catfish exhibited vertical hanging, frothing, excess mucus production, listing, swollen abdomen, anorexia, fin and tail rot, and reddish operculum. The LD50 of E. tarda PBB and PBP strains was found to be 8.52 × 106 and 1.68 × 107 cells fish-1, respectively. Histopathological observations on catfish infected naturally revealed lymphocyte infiltration in muscle and focal necrosis, hyperplasia, edema, and swelling of the gill lamellar epithelium. The kidney of diseased fish exhibited ischemic type tubulopathy, necrosis of nephritic tubules, hyperplastic hematopoietic tissue, rupture of the tubular basement membrane, hydropic dystrophy of nephritic cells, neutrophil infiltration, fibrinoid necrosis of nephretic tubules, hemosiderin deposition, and edema. The liver sections revealed lymphocyte infiltration, dilation of hepatic sinusoids, expansion of space between hepatic sinusoids, and focal necrosis. The inflammatory responses observed in kidney and liver in the present study were presumably suppuration and were attributed to the potential virulence factors of E. tarda.
Impact of enriching larval brine shrimp (Artemia sp.) with a supplement containing polyunsaturated fatty acids on their growth and mortality
Authors: Prusińska Maja , Kushniry Olga , Khudyi Oleksii , Khuda Lidiia , Kolman Ryszard
Published: November 2015

The aim of the study was to determine the impact the commercial supplement S.presso (INVE Aquaculture, Belgium), a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids to enrich the proximate composition of brine shrimp (Artemia sp.), had on their growth and mortality. Four different enrichment protocols were investigated: the supplement was given in one or two doses at various time intervals. The results indicate that while S.presso increased nauplius mortality slightly, administering the appropriate dose reduced losses to a very low level (from 12.5% with a single dose to 8.6% with the recommended dose divided into to equal parts). Additionally, it was confirmed that the supplement S.presso increased brine shrimp growth slightly in comparison to that of the control group, but the differences were statistically insignificant. The results permit concluding that S.presso is suitable for use as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids for brine shrimp enrichment with the intent of using them as fish food.
Resurrection of Ornithogalum brevipedicellatum (Asparagaceae) with morphological and molecular data
Authors: Aykurt Candan , Deniz İsmail G. , Sari Duygu , Vural Mecit , Sümbül Hüseyin
Published: November 2015

This study evaluates Ornithogalum brevipedicellatum, which was previously accepted as a synonym of O. oligophyllum, as a separate distinct species and discusses the similarities and differences between O. brevipedicellatum and its related species (O. oligophyllum and O. pamphylicum). Similarities and differences among these species were identifi ed by morphological and molecular studies. The leaf morphology and inflorescence of O. brevipedicellatum and O. pamphylicum are similar to each other, and in terms of these features, they show differences from O. oligophyllum. Some diagnostic characteristics are quite different in O. brevipedicellatum and O. pamphylicum, such as the size of tepals, length of fruiting pedicels and style. Morphological data were supported by the results obtained from molecular studies. According to a dendrogram obtained by molecular studies, O. brevipedicellatum and O. pamphylicum are similar. O. oligophyllum is more closely related to O. pyrenaicum used as an out-group. Additionally, the seeds of O. brevipedicellatum were examined with the use of scanning electron microscopy
Cloning, characterization and expression analysis of NBS-LRR-type resistance gene analogues (RGAs) in coconut
Authors: Rachana Kaitheri Edathil , Naganeeswaran Sudalaimuthu Asari , Fayas Thayale Purayil , Thomas Regi Jacob , Rajesh Muliyar Krishna
Published: November 2015

Coconut palms are highly susceptible to diseases caused by different pathogens, and replanting with resistant varieties is the best way to manage them. Obtaining a collection of resistance gene analogues (RGAs) is an effective strategy to identify genomic regions linked to disease resistance. We have successfully used a comparative genomics approach to amplify putative RGAs from the coconut root (wilt) disease resistant cultivar Chowghat Green Dwarf (CGD) by using primers designed based on conserved motifs of the NBS-LRR domain of the date palm. The amplified sequences were cloned, sequenced and characterized. The coconut RGAs had high identity to monocot NBS-LRRs. A complete structural analysis and 3-D modeling of the NBS domain of coconut RGA was also undertaken. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that the isolated coconut NBS-LRR class RGAs was expressed more in root (wilt) disease resistant genotypes than in susceptible ones. This study would provide a base for future efforts to map disease resistant traits in coconut.
Spring weed communities of rice agrocoenoses in central Nepal
Authors: Nowak Arkadiusz , Nowak Sylwia , Nobis Marcin
Published: November 2015

Rice field weed communities occurring in central Nepal are presented in this study. The research was focussed on the classification of segetal plant communities occurring in paddy fields, which had been poorly investigated from a geobotanical standpoint. In all, 108 phytosociological relevés were sampled, using the Braun-Blanquet method. The analyses classified the vegetation into 9 communities, including 7 associations and one subassociation. Four new plant associations and one new subassociation were proposed: Elatinetum triandro-ambiguae, Mazo pumili-Lindernietum ciliatae, Mazo pumili-Lindernietum ciliatae caesulietosum axillaris, Rotaletum rotundifoliae and Ammanietum pygmeae. Due to species composition and habitat preferences all phytocoenoses were included into the Oryzetea sativae class and the Ludwigion hyssopifolio- octovalvis alliance. As in other rice field phytocoenoses, the main discrimination factors for the plots are depth of water, soil trophy and species richness. The altitudinal distribution also has a significant influence and separates the Rotaletum rotundifoliae and Elatinetum triandro-ambiguae associations. The study shows that anthropogenic rice fields can harbour relatively rich rush and water vegetation. More than 80 species were noted in the vegetation plots. Several of them are considered to be extremely rare and have been recorded on the world Red List.
Species delimitation and genetic diversity analysis in Salvia with the use of ISSR molecular markers
Authors: Safaei Masoumeh , Sheidai Masoud , Alijanpoor Behnaz , Noormohammadi Zahra
Published: November 2015

Thirty-nine plant specimens of six Salvia species were collected from different localities of the Alborz mountain region in Iran and studied for morphological and genetic variability and species relationship. Inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) molecular markers showed a high degree of within-species and interspecific genetic variability in Salvia. Analysis of molecular variance and Hickory tests showed significant molecular difference among the studied populations. A principal coordinate analysis plot of morphological characters grouped the species into two distinct groups, supporting their taxonomic treatment. This was partly supported by ISSR networking. The Mantel test did not show a correlation between genetic distance and the geographical distance of the studied populations. STRUCTURE and reticulation analyses revealed some degree of gene fl ow among the species. The present study showed that ISSR molecular markers could be used in Salvia species delimitation along with morphological study.
Silver (Ag) in tissues and eggshells, biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in chickens
Authors: Chmielowiec-Korzeniowska Anna , Tymczyna Leszek , Dobrowolska Magdalena , Banach Marcin , Nowakowicz-Dębek Bożena , Bryl Monika , Drabik Agata , Tymczyna-Sobotka Monika , Kolejko Marcin
Published: November 2015

This study aimed to assess levels of silver nanoparticle residues in eggshells and tissues as well as the levels of selected biochemical parameters and oxidative stress indices in chickens hatched from nanosilver disinfected eggs. The samples included 40 Greenleg Partridge chicks allocated into two groups. The experimental group (group D) consisted of chickens hatched from eggs disinfected with a nanosilver preparation prior to incubation, while the control group (group C) included chickens whose eggs were exposed to UV radiation for disinfection. The eggshells and kidney sections obtained from group D chickens showed a significantly higher silver level compared to group C. For the biochemical parameters, only the uric acid content was higher in group D compared to group C. Analysis of the antioxidative stress biomarkers (superoxide dismutase and catalase), showed a significant increase in group D in relation to group C.
Membranes with a plasma deposited titanium isopropoxide layer
Authors: Gancarz Irena , Bryjak Marek , Wolska Joanna , Siekierka Anna , Kujawski Wojciech
Published: November 2015

Porous polypropylene membranes were coated with plasma polymerized titanium isopropoxide in a 75 kHz plasma reactor. It was noted that the presence of air in the plasma chamber increased the amount of deposited polymer. Selection of the process parameters enabled obtaining membranes with up to 300 μg cm
Reaction mechanisms of carbon dioxide methanation
Authors: Baraj Erlisa , Vagaský Stanislav , Hlinčik Tomáš , Ciahotný Karel , Tekáč Viktor
Published: November 2015

Constant increase of carbon dioxide emissions from anthropogenic activities leads to the search of options for its recycling and utilization. Although recycled CO
Characterization of the quality of novel rye-buckwheat ginger cakes by chemical markers and antioxidant capacity
Authors: Przygodzka Małgorzata , Zieliński Henryk
Published: November 2015

The total phenolics and flavonoids, rutin, early, advanced and finalMaillard reaction products, and antioxidative capacity determined against 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) radical cation and superoxide anion radicals were used for the characterization of the quality of novel rye-buckwheat ginger cakes enriched with rutin (quercetin rutinoside). The cakes were prepared substituting 30 % of rye flour by light buckwheat flour or flour from roasted buckwheat dehulled grains and employing a dough fermentation-like incubation step. Enrichment of ginger cakes with rutin showed protective effect on lysine blockage, improved antioxidant properties, inhibited the formation of furosine and free fluorescent compounds thus stimulating the Maillard reaction progress towards melanoidin formation. The loss of the nutritional quality of cakes enriched with rutin was related to the formation of fluorescent compounds linked to protein and carboxymethyllysine at an advanced stage of the Maillard reaction. It can be concluded that free fluorescence intermediatory compounds, carboxymethyllysine and browning are the best chemical markers for the characterization of the quality of this novel type of ginger cakes. This study also indicates that rye-buckwheat ginger cakes enriched with rutin can be recommended for wider consumption since daily consumption of 250 g of these cakes may have a prophylactic or therapeutic effect corresponding to typical pharmacological drugs with rutin as the active component.
Exact geometry solid-shell element based on a sampling surfaces technique for 3D stress analysis of doubly-curved composite shells
Authors: Kulikov G. M. , Mamontov A. A. , Plotnikova S. V. , Mamontov S. A.
Published: November 2015

A hybrid-mixed ANS four-node shell element by
using the sampling surfaces (SaS) technique is developed.
The SaS formulation is based on choosing inside the nth
layer In not equally spaced SaS parallel to the middle surface
of the shell in order to introduce the displacements
of these surfaces as basic shell variables. Such choice of
unknowns with the consequent use of Lagrange polynomials
of degree In − 1 in the thickness direction for each
layer permits the presentation of the layered shell formulation
in a very compact form. The SaS are located inside
each layer at Chebyshev polynomial nodes that allows one
to minimize uniformly the error due to the Lagrange interpolation.
To implement the efficient analytical integration
throughout the element, the enhanced ANS method
is employed. The proposed hybrid-mixed four-node shell
element is based on the Hu-Washizu variational equation
and exhibits a superior performance in the case of coarse
meshes. It could be useful for the 3D stress analysis of thick
and thin doubly-curved shells since the SaS formulation
gives the possibility to obtain numerical solutions with a
prescribed accuracy, which asymptotically approach the
exact solutions of elasticity as the number of SaS tends to
infinity.
Purinergic signaling and the functioning of the nervous system cells
Authors: Puchałowicz Kamila , Baranowska-Bosiacka Irena , Dziedziejko Violetta , Chlubek Dariusz
Published: November 2015

Purinergic signaling in the nervous system has been the focus of a considerable number of studies since the 1970s. The P2X and P2Y receptors are involved in the initiation of purinergic signaling. They are very abundant in the central and peripheral nervous systems, where they are expressed on the surface of neurons and glial cells - microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells and the precursors of the latter two. Their ligands - extracellular nucleotides - are released in the physiological state by astrocytes and neurons forming synaptic connections, and are essential for the proper functioning of nervous system cells. Purinergic signaling plays a crucial role in neuromodulation, neurotransmission, myelination in the CNS and PNS, intercellular communication, the regulation of ramified microglia activity, the induction of the response to damaging agents, the modulation of synaptic activity and other glial cells by astrocytes, and the induction of astrogliosis. Understanding these mechanisms and the fact that P2 receptors and their ligands are involved in the pathogenesis of diseases of the nervous system may help in the design of drugs with different and more effective mechanisms of action.
Between Patriotism and Far-Right Extremism: A Case of Youth Activism in Matica slovenská
Authors: Priečko Martin
Published: November 2015

This case study discusses a youth branch of Matica slovenská, a pro-Slovak culture organization. It is based on in-depth research of the structure of the organization and it focuses on basic characteristics of functioning of this social movement such as funding, membership base, political orientation, civic engagement, patriotic activities and also the causes of negative media presentation. Presented material pointed to a thin boundary between the perception of positive manifestations of patriotism and at the same time negative (even extremist) connotations of such manifestations in Slovak society. This duplicate perception of patriotic activities is reflected not only in polarization of opinion in society but also on the level of political, media and public communication. Thus, the article is a small probe from the scene of youth activism with an ambition to point out to such a diverse perception of patriotic organizations/activities in present-day Slovak society.
Memorial of Vasil Biľak: Did the Truth Really Remained Truth?
Authors: Jašek Peter
Published: November 2015

The paper deals with the memorial of Vasil Biľak that was unveiled in Krajná Bystrá in Eastern Slovakia in February 2015. However, Vasil Biľak was considered as a very negative figure for his participation at the Warsaw Pact occupation in 1968. The paper points out some gaps in the remembrance policy in Slovakia after the fall of communism and also some inconsistency that accompanied the process of the coming to terms with the totalitarian history of Slovakia.
Efficient Nonlinear Energy Harvesting with Wrinkled Piezoelectric Membranes
Authors: Neri Igor , López-Suárez Miquel
Published: November 2015

We investigate the performance of a piezoelectric energy harvester with nonlinearity induced by wrinkles. Linear and nonlinear regimes are detected in the electric response of the device when sweeping the intensity of the external excitation. Those regimes are related to the activation of a nonlinear mechanical response that appears when increasing the excitation amplitude. The wrinkles have been found to improve the power density and the normalized power density, in a certain noise power range.
Discussion of a Paper by Professor Miettinen
Authors: Robins James M.
Published: November 2015

Professor Miettinen offers a scathing critique of the criteria used by official bodies to decide for whom and how often breast cancer screening should be offered (
Steam turbine stress control using NARX neural network
Authors: Dominiczak Krzysztof , Rzadkowski Romuald , Radulski Wojciech
Published: November 2015

Considered here is concept of steam turbine stress control, which is based on Nonlinear AutoRegressive neural networks with eXogenous inputs. Using NARX neural networks,whichwere trained based on experimentally validated FE model allows to control stresses in protected thickwalled steam turbine element with FE model quality. Additionally NARX neural network, which were trained base on FE model, includes: nonlinearity of steam expansion in turbine steam path during transients, nonlinearity of heat exchange inside the turbine during transients and nonlinearity of material properties during transients. In this article NARX neural networks stress controls is shown as an example of HP rotor of 18K390 turbine. HP part thermodynamic model as well as heat exchange model in vicinity of HP rotor,whichwere used in FE model of the HP rotor and the HP rotor FE model itself were validated based on experimental data for real turbine transient events. In such a way it is ensured that NARX neural network behave as real HP rotor during steam turbine transient events.
Social Issues Affecting Families of Children with Congenital Heart Defects – Introduction and Research Postulates
Authors: Sapała Barbara
Published: November 2015

The functioning of children with congenital heart defects and their families in society is discussed rarely and too generally in the literature. Medical personnel, educators and caretakers have very little knowledge about this chronic disease and its prevalence. This lack of knowledge generates two extreme and undesirable attitudes: unjustified fear and negligence of the disease and its consequences. Both attitudes prevent a thorough understanding of the problem, in particular the aspects that influence the social life of children and their parents. As a result, the families of affected children are often left to their own devices, and they receive support only from other parents who are faced with the same problem or from non-governmental organizations. Educators, psychologists and sociologists should be encouraged to develop a cohesive support system based on reliable research results, and to implement measures that would enable young patients and their families to function better in society.
Transactional Analysis as a Method to Test the Quality of Life of a Family
Authors: Strzelczyk Dorota
Published: November 2015

One of the actions that affect the quality of life of the family as a complex system of relationships is interpersonal communication that takes place between the members of the family. In line with the transactional analysis, the trend in psychology founded by E. Berne, relationships between individuals should be based on honest and open disclosure of one’s desires and attitudes, i.e. variety of transactions. Otherwise, there are specific game leading to maintain and increase the distance between family members, weaken the ties between them and leading to a reduction in the quality of interpersonal relationships.

The paper below aims to make closer the problems of transactional analysis, beginning from the explanation of the structure of “Ego” according to Berne and the terms “transactions”, “reinforcement” and “life scripts”. There will be presented also games played in family environment and their consequences for the proper functioning of the family.
Interactivity of Mass Media to the Activity of the Child at School and Outside It
Authors: Markiewicz Elżbieta , Skawina Ireneusz
Published: November 2015

Article: Interactivity of Mass Media to the Activity of the Child at School and Outside It, is an attempt to show, from one side, roles which in contemporary reality are performed by publishers, on the other to arouse awareness of defined threats of communicated contents which are exerting influence on family functioning and the education process. It also means the simultaneous effort taken in order to formulate positive, as well as pejorative influences of mass media on conducts of the child with the simultaneous suggestion for parents and carers, with regards to the conducts essential to the safety of their charges.

The present time of the 21st century constitutes the standardized conglomeration saturated with the ideology of global order. Everything strives for progress and connected permanent profit as well as fast (immediate) effects of decisions and actions, forms circumstances in which media fill child’s free time which is often free of parental supervision. In consequence, contemporary childhood, appears to be the peculiar developmental period, in which mass publishers dominate and play the decisive part. Shifting the educational accent results in polarization of the social roles cause that with the consent of adults children become media helots.
Significance of Siblings for the Child’s Development
Authors: Prokosz Małgorzata
Published: November 2015

This article analyzed the importance of having siblings in psychological and social growth of a child. It is not a frequently undertaken issue by Polish scholars, hence the point of references is made within foreign studies. The reflections concentrate on the significance of bonds between the siblings, their position in a family and relations depending on the order of arrival to the family, or the child’s gender. The question of sibling rivalry is signaled, as well as overtaking parental roles by the eldest child. Moreover, positive aspects of having sibling are stressed, accompanied by problems that can occur upon giving birth to the youngest child. Last but not least, the article provides some guidelines for parents with bigger number of children, so problems within such families can be avoided or minimized.
Father’s Role in Children’s Upbringing
Authors: Zajdel Krzysztof
Published: November 2015

This articles tackles the issue of the importance of a father for his family, particularly own children. It provides a small historical description of changes that occurred within families from the prehistoric times until the postindustrial era, whereas the second part of the article provides an attempt to examine and compare children’s and parents’ opinions on the role of the father in a contemporary family, stressing his importance. The sample research was carried out amongst pupils of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd primary school grade. The conclusions that have been drawn might come across as surprising, nonetheless, it is worth to refer to more expanded research to seek the answer to the question on father’s role from the period of childhood to the phase of becoming independent.