bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What Is Carceral Feminism?
Authors: Terwiel Anna
Published: November 2019

In recent years, critiques of “carceral feminism” have proliferated, objecting to feminist support for punitive policies against sexual and gendered violence that have contributed to mass incarceration. While the convergence of feminist and antiprison efforts is important, this essay argues that critiques of carceral feminism are limited insofar as they present a binary choice between the criminal legal system and informal community justice practices. First, this binary allows critics to overlook rather than engage feminist disagreements about the state and sexual harm. Second, the narrow focus on alternative solutions to harm obscures the plural and contested nature of prison abolition, which may include efforts to seize the state and to problematize carceral logics. Drawing on Michel Foucault, alongside Angela Davis and other contemporary prison abolitionists, I suggest that feminist prison abolition is better served by envisioning a spectrum of decarceration.
Business ops: Hiding knowledge management practices in plain sight
Authors: Weightman Janine
Published: November 2019

On the front-line, it is notoriously difficult to get employees to engage in knowledge management activities. It cannot be explained away as mere resistance; a complex range of organisational factors are at play which create obstacles to knowledge sharing and disenfranchise the workforce. Successful knowledge management ultimately hinges on employee participation. The mindset of ‘hiding knowledge management practices in plain sight’ is presented as an intervention strategy to boost employee engagement in knowledge management. This should appeal to knowledge management practitioners working in organisations who present lower levels of readiness, resistance, limited resources or imperatives to rapidly leverage critical knowledge. This article highlights opportunities to kick-start behavioural, procedural and technological changes that are conducive to deploying knowledge management practices in the organisation.
A principle of economy in derivation in L2 grammar: Do everything in narrow syntax
Authors: Wakabayashi Shigenori
Published: November 2019

This article proposes a novel account for the overuse of free morphemes and underuse of bound morphemes in English as a second language (L2) based on the framework of Distributed Morphology. It will be argued that an Economy Principle ‘Do everything in Narrow Syntax (DENS)’ operates in the L2 learner’s computational system. Consequently, derivation in Morphology becomes as limited as possible except when applying Vocabulary Items to syntactic objects (Vocabulary Insertion). This results in non-target-like use/acceptance of certain morphemes: Bound morphemes are often omitted in early L2 grammar, and alternative free morphemes may apparently be used instead. Two types of data, namely the overuse of be reported in previous research, and the preference of to-infinitives over -ing gerunds in early L2 grammar, will be presented in support of the proposal, and the plausibility of the operation of DENS will be discussed.
Capital, class and the social necessity of passenger air transport
Authors: Young Martin
Published: November 2019

The symbiotic, environmentally destructive relationship between passenger air transport and economic output remains inadequately theorised by both transport geographers and mobilities researchers. This article attempts to bridge the two fields by considering passenger air transport as a branch of value production whose useful effect – the movement of people across space – is a ‘connecting artery’ necessary to multiple consumption and production processes. Air travel is socially necessary to multiple class projects, including the reproduction of labour power, the competitive reorganisation of capital at the global scale, and the consolidation of transnational capitalist class power. A corresponding environmental politics of resistance is outlined.
A study on the impact of China’s urbanization on the quantity of municipal solid waste produced
Authors: Han Xuemei , Hu Ci , Lin Ling
Published: November 2019

Based on the IPAT model, this study selects the two-order lag period that is then applied to the dynamic model created to explore the impact of China’s urbanization on the quantity of municipal solid waste (MSW) produced. The study uses panel data collected from 27 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in China that report directly to the central government. Results show that nationwide urbanization and urban per capita disposable income are positively correlated with the quantity of MSW produced. However, specifically, urbanization in the eastern and midwestern areas of China is insignificantly correlated with the quantity of MSW produced. It is, therefore, recommended that citizens should make sensible and environmental consumption decisions based on per capita disposable income. It is also suggested that quality development and Stead’s urbanization plan should become national policy, and that MSW categorization and a recycling policy should be implemented to treat MSW effectively.
Organizational context matters: explaining different responses to militant leadership targeting
Authors: Tominaga Yasutaka
Published: November 2019

Scholars are increasingly investigating the effectiveness of removing militant groups’ leaders; to date, their findings have been mixed. Rather than seeking consistent evidence, this article explains why some militant organizations demonstrate resilience to leadership targeting while others do not. The author argues that organizational context, especially the initial endowment set, determines the extent of institutionalization and ease of leadership succession. Organizations formed by appealing to shared identity and norms are less likely to implement institutionalized systems, instead depending heavily on charismatic leaders; conversely, groups with access to economic resources develop highly structured functions, leading to the routinization of leadership succession. Analysis of 153 militant organizations between 1970 and 2008 shows that organizations based on economic endowment show high resilience to this strategy. Groups that employ negative strategies against local communities as the product of their initial economic endowment are much less likely to be affected by forced leadership removal.
Bullying Reporting Concerns as a Mediator Between School Climate and Bullying Victimization/Aggression
Authors: Zhang Saijun , Mulhall Peter F. , Flowers Nancy , Lee Na Youn
Published: November 2019

This study aimed to examine whether bullying reporting concerns mediate the relationship between school climate and student bullying victimization as well as aggressive behavior. Data were from a sample of 301 students in Grades 6 to 8 in two minority-predominant schools in a large U.S. metropolitan area. Findings from bootstrapped structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses indicated that for male students, a higher level of perceived anti-bullying school climate was negatively associated with bullying reporting concerns, while the reporting concerns subsequently were positively associated with bullying victimization and aggressive behavior. For female students, perceived school climate was not associated with bullying reporting concerns, but the latter were also positively associated with bullying victimization and aggressive behavior. Therefore, bullying reporting concerns mediated the association between perceived school climate and bullying victimization as well as aggressive behavior for male but not female students. The findings suggest the importance of strengthening anti-bullying school climate to help students overcome bullying reporting concerns to achieve effective outcomes. The gender difference of associations between school climate and bullying reporting concerns may reflect the variation of bullying types experienced by male and female students, which calls for attention to the development of anti-bullying strategies that take into account gender differences and address various types of bullying.
Disparities in Breastfeeding Among Military Veterans
Authors: Keddem Shimrit , Solomon Phyllis , Marcus Steve C. , Schapira Marilyn M. , Mattocks Kristin M.
Published: November 2019

Background:

Although breastfeeding is a major public health priority and provides numerous benefits, women veterans encounter many barriers to initiating and sustaining breastfeeding. Women veterans are a growing population with unique health care needs related to exposures and injuries experienced during military service. These military experiences are linked to health diagnoses known to impact postpartum health behaviors, such as breastfeeding.

Research aim:

The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with breastfeeding at 4 weeks postpartum among women veterans.

Methods:

We used 2016-to-2018 survey data from women veterans ( N = 420), interviewed before and after delivery, who were enrolled in maternity care coordination at a national sample of Veterans Health Administration facilities. Using the social ecological model, logistic regression was employed to explore the relationship between breastfeeding at least 4 weeks and postpartum and maternal/infant characteristics, interpersonal dynamics, community influences, and system factors.

Results:

The rate of breastfeeding at 4 weeks postpartum was 78.6% among this sample of veterans. Self-employed participants were 2.8 times more likely to breastfeed than those who were employed outside the home. Participants who had been deployed at any point in their military career were twice as likely to breastfeed compared with those who never deployed. In this study sample, race independently predicted lower rates of breastfeeding, with African American participants being 48% less likely to breastfeed as compared with white participants.

Conclusion:

Our analysis suggests significant racial disparities in breastfeeding within veteran populations utilizing Veterans Health Administration, despite access to multiple sources of support from both the Veterans Health Administration and the community.
Effect of sequence of melt mixing on the properties and morphology of blends of polypropylene, styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene copolymer grafted with maleic anhydride, and organophilic montmorillonite clay
Authors: Lima Tiago Nunes , de Macedo Thatiana Cristina Pereira , Ueki Marcelo Massayoshi
Published: November 2019

Styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene (SEBS) copolymer, grafted or not, with maleic anhydride and organophilic montmorillonite clay was melt mixed with polypropylene (PP) using different mixing sequences to understand its effect on properties and morphology. The addition of clay changed the blend morphology from large elongated domains to droplets. The nanocomposites without maleic anhydride presented clay in the intercalated form. In the formulation containing maleic anhydride, clay is exfoliated on the blend, indicating that the maleic anhydride group acted to increase the interaction between the clay lamellae and the polymer chains. The best balance of mechanical properties was achieved in the formulation in which the clay was first melt mixed in SEBS without maleic anhydride and afterward melt mixed with clay and PP. It is reported in the literature that nanocomposites with exfoliated structures have better mechanical properties than nanocomposites with intercalated structure. However, in this study, an opposite trend was found, which may be related to the higher amount of crystalline phase formed in the intercalated structure nanocomposites, since the clay intercalation phenomenon in the polymer chains favored the polymer crystallization process.
A Comparison of 10% Dextrose and 50% Dextrose for the Treatment of Hypoglycemia in the Prehospital Setting
Authors: Weant Kyle A. , Deloney Lindsay , Elsey Grace , Combs Daniel , French David
Published: November 2019

Background:

Hypoglycemia is a frequent cause of emergency medical services (EMS) activation; however, limited evidence exists to support optimal prehospital treatment.

Objective:

This study sought to compare the safety and efficacy of the administration of 10% dextrose (D10) intravenously (IV) versus 50% dextrose (D50) IV for the treatment of hypoglycemia in the prehospital setting.

Methods:

This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who received IV dextrose by EMS and were transported to an academic teaching hospital emergency department between 2014 and 2017.

Results:

Four hundred seventy-eight eligible patients were reviewed, with 161 patients receiving D10 and 150 patients receiving D50. There was no significant difference found regarding the need for dextrose retreatment prior to hospital arrival between the D10 and D50 groups (0.6% vs 2.0%; P = .565). The prehospital reassessment glucose in the D50 group was a significantly higher than the D10 group (151.9 vs 124.6 mg/dL, P = .001) and this difference was maintained on hospital arrival (129.5 vs 108.0 mg/dL, P = .011). No significant difference was found between groups with regard to hospital admission, length of stay, or in-hospital mortality.

Conclusion:

When comparing D10 with D50 for the treatment of hypoglycemia by EMS, there were no significant differences in the need for dextrose retreatment prior to hospital arrival. The use of D50 resulted in a significantly higher blood glucose concentrations both in the prehospital setting and upon hospital arrival. Further study is needed in larger patient populations to evaluate the use of D10, the need for dextrose readministration, and its impact on clinical outcomes.
‘It’s a Puzzle You Have to Do Every Night’: Performing Creative Problem Solving at Work in the Indoor Canadian Sex Industry
Authors: Law Tuulia , Raguparan Menaka
Published: November 2019

In Canada, like in many other countries, people working in the sex industry are subject to prohibitive regulation, stigma and pervasive moral judgement. At the same time, workplace and client demands, in concert with various modes of socio-economic marginalization, shape sex workers’ experiences of and access to work. However, sex workers are seldom recognized for overcoming these challenges as skilled workers. Moving beyond arguments about whether or not sex work is a legitimate form of labour, we argue for the recognition of sex workers’ entrepreneurial and security strategies as creative problem solving and in turn cognitive skill. We do so by drawing on two qualitative interview-based studies highlighting the intersectional experiences of female sex workers who modulate their appearance and behaviour to perform race, gender, class, culture and sexuality to succeed in the Canadian indoor sex industry.
Partisan politics of skills in middle-income countries: Insiders, outsiders and the vocational education system of Turkey
Authors: Sancak Merve
Published: November 2019

The literature on the political economy of development argues that many middle-income countries could not develop strong vocational education and training systems because of the lack of political coalitions that would support such systems. However, these researchers have overlooked the role of partisan politics, domain of political competition and the links of insiders and outsiders with political parties. This article addresses this gap by studying the case of Turkey in the 2000s, when the country was governed by the Justice and Development Party and experienced important changes in its vocational education and training system. It investigates the political shifts in these years and the impact of these shifts on vocational education and training policies. The article argues that the governing Justice and Development Party played a key role in the changes in the Turkish vocational education and training system. Small and medium enterprises and labour market outsiders, which were the outsiders of the political and economic system, formed Justice and Development Party’s main constituents. Different from the previous parties, Justice and Development Party focused on the economic interests of outsiders and vocational education and training became an important tool to address such interests of both groups. The Justice and Development Party governments integrated the interests of both small and medium enterprises and workers into the vocational education and training policies in the 2000s, which has led to a vocational education and training system with high state commitment, higher firm involvement and higher permeability between vocational and general education. This research is based on process-tracing of the political dynamics and vocational education and training system developments in Turkey in 2002–2011. The data comprise primary and secondary documents, as well as interviews with several stakeholders.
Psychosocial Adjustments Among Adolescents With Craniofacial Conditions and the Influence of Social Factors: A Multi-Informant Study
Authors: Bous Rany M. , Hazen Rebecca A. , Baus Irene , Palomo J. Martin , Kumar Anand , Valiathan Manish
Published: November 2019

Background:

Previous studies have investigated psychosocial adjustments among adolescents with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P), but our understanding of other craniofacial conditions remains limited. The objective of this study is to compare psychosocial adjustments among 3 groups of adolescents: craniofacial conditions other than cleft lip and/or palate (craniofacial anomaly [CFA]), CL/P, and controls (CON). Our secondary objective is to examine how social factors may predict the adjustments levels.

Design:

Cross-sectional, multi-informant, controlled survey study.

Participants:

Aged 11- to 17-year olds. Craniofacial anomaly (n = 49), isolated CL/P (n = 42), and 55 CON. Total = 146.

Outcome Measures:

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (self-report, parent report, and teacher report).

Results:

All 3 informant groups displayed similar patterns, where CFA reported the highest difficulties, followed by CL/P, while CON scored the lowest. Parent reports demonstrated significant differences among the 3 groups for most subscales and were emphasized for peer problems. Self-reports showed significant differences between CFA and CON for total scores and peer problems, while teacher reports showed significant differences for peer problems only. Craniofacial anomaly displayed the highest frequency of abnormal psychosocial adjustments, followed by CL/P. Experiencing bullying or teasing predicted increased difficulties, while having a good friend predicted decreased difficulties.

Conclusions:

Adolescents with CFA, and to a lesser extent CL/P, may be at a higher risk of having psychosocial problems. Peer problems may constitute the biggest challenge that CFA and CL/P confront. Social factors, especially being bullied or having a good friend, may predict the psychosocial well-being of adolescents with craniofacial conditions.
Trends of Use and Outcomes Associated With Glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa Inhibitors in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Gellatly Rochelle M. , Connell Cia , Tan Christianne , Andrianopoulos Nick , Ajani Andrew E. , Clark David J. , Nanayakkara Shane , Sebastian Martin , Brennan Angela , Freeman Melanie , O’Brien Jessica , Selkrig Laura A. , Reid Christopher M. , Duffy Stephen J.
Published: November 2019

Background: Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GPIs) are a treatment option in the management of acute coronary syndromes (ACSs). Evidence supporting the use of GPIs predates trials establishing the benefits of P2Y12 inhibitors, routine early invasive therapy, and thrombectomy devices in patients with ACS. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine trends in GPI use and their associated outcomes in contemporary practice. Methods: We assessed GPI use in patients with ACS undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from the Melbourne Interventional Group registry (2005-2013). The primary endpoint was the 30-day incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). The safety endpoint was in-hospital major bleeding. Results: GPIs were used in 40.5% of 12 357 patients with ACS undergoing PCI. GPI use decreased over the study period ( P for trend <0.0001). Patients were more likely to receive GPIs if they were younger, presented with a ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), had more complex (B2/C-type) lesions, and when thrombectomy devices were used (all P < 0.0001). MACE were higher in patients receiving GPI (4.9% vs 4.1%, P = 0.03). Propensity score matching revealed no difference in 30-day mortality and 30-day MACE (odds ratio [OR] = 1.00; 95% CI = 0.99-1.004 and OR = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.99-1.02, respectively). GPI use was associated with more bleeding complications (3.6% vs 1.8%, P < 0.0001). Conclusion and Relevance: GPI use in ACS patients undergoing PCI has declined, and use appears to be dictated by ACS type and lesion complexity, as opposed to high-risk comorbidities. GPI use was associated with a doubling in bleeding complications.
Cirrhosis, Thrombosis, Finding FaXts about Doses: Dosing of Unfractionated Heparin for Venous Thromboembolism in Cirrhosis
Authors: Franz Nicholas D. , Brancaccio Adamo , Robinson Adam C. , Regal Randolph E.
Published: November 2019

Background: Despite known disease-specific alterations to anti–factor Xa (AXA) levels, the physiological response of patients with cirrhosis to unfractionated heparin (UFH) infusions is not well established in clinical settings. Objective: The purpose of this study was to characterize the dosing and safety profile of UFH in patients with varying degrees of cirrhosis when treated for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at a single academic medical center in the United States. Patients with a diagnosis of cirrhosis who received UFH infusions for greater than 48 hours for treatment of VTE were included. Comparisons between heparin infusion rates, AXA levels, and safety outcomes based on severity of cirrhosis were made to define differences between those groups. Results: When compared by compensation status or by Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) class, patients with more severe disease trended toward lower initial AXA levels on heparin initiation and higher heparin requirements to achieve therapeutic levels and were significantly less likely to achieve therapeutic levels than patients with less severe disease ( P = 0.001 for compensation, P = 0.017 for CTP). Additionally, bleeding rates were higher in patients with more severe disease, without reaching statistical significance. Conclusion and Relevance: Patients with severe cirrhosis required higher doses of heparin to achieve the same therapeutic AXA levels, but also tended to have higher rates of bleeding compared with less severe cirrhosis. These results represent further evidence of changes in heparin response as cirrhosis severity increases and may suggest that current monitoring methods are suboptimal in this patient population.
Uncertainty propagation and numerical evaluation of viscoelastic sandwich plates having nonlinear behavior
Authors: Silva Victor AC , de Lima Antonio Marcos G , Ribeiro Lorrane P , da Silva Alice R
Published: November 2019

The dynamic analysis of nonlinear viscoelastic systems in the frequency domain is not an easy task. In most cases, it is due to the frequency- and temperature-dependent properties of the viscoelastic part. Additionally, due to the inherent uncertainties affecting the viscoelastic efficiency in practical situations, their handling in the nonlinear modeling methodology becomes essential nowadays. However, it is still an issue. Thus, this paper presents a numerical modeling methodology intended to perform dynamic analyses in the frequency domain of thin sandwich plates under large displacements. The uncertainties characterizing the nonlinear dynamics of the viscoelastic system are introduced on the random linear and nonlinear finite element matrices by performing the Karhunen–Loève expansion technique. The Latin hypercube sampling method is used herein as the stochastic solver, and the nonlinear frequency responses are computed using the harmonic balance method combined with the Galerkin bases. To overcome the difficulty in solving the resulting complex nonlinear eigenproblem with a frequency-dependent viscoelastic stiffness, making the stochastic nonlinear analyses in the frequency domain very costly, sometimes unfeasible, an efficient and accurate iterative reduction method is proposed to approximate the complex eigenmodes. The envelopes of nonlinear frequency responses demonstrate clearly the relevance of considering the uncertainties in design variables of viscoelastic systems having nonlinear behavior to deal with more realistic situations.
Empirical Insights for Improving Sexual Assault Prevention: Evidence From Baseline Data for a Cluster-Randomized Trial of IMPower and Sources of Strength
Authors: Rosenman Evan , Sarnquist Clea , Friedberg Rina , Amuyunzu-Nyamongo Mary , Oguda Gabriel , Otieno Dorothy , Baiocchi Michael
Published: November 2019

The empirical science of measuring and preventing sexual assault is in its infancy, especially when considering adolescents in developing nations. We analyze pre-intervention data collected in a two-arm cluster-randomized controlled trial of a classroom-based sexual assault prevention program deployed to Class 6 students around Nairobi, Kenya. We estimate that 7.2% of girls were raped in the prior 12 months. We identify school- and individual-level risk factors for rape. We isolate, as much as possible, variation in probability of rape attributable to a subset of these risk factors. We discuss statistical challenges and solutions in each of these domains.
Successful rechallenge of rituximab following severe rituximab-induced acute thrombocytopenia in a patient with splenic marginal zone lymphoma
Authors: Robinson Adam C , Nachar Victoria R
Published: November 2019

Rituximab-induced acute thrombocytopenia (RIAT) is a relatively rare complication of rituximab treatment that has been infrequently reported in a number of patients with malignant lymphoma. Most commonly encountered in mantle cell lymphoma, the extent to which RIAT occurs in splenic marginal zone lymphoma is unknown. In this report, we describe a case of RIAT in a patient with splenic marginal zone lymphoma. Rituximab was safely rechallenged with increased premedications and slowed infusion rate. While the exact mechanism of this phenomenon has yet to be elucidated, diligent monitoring of platelet counts following rituximab infusion can be considered in high-risk patients to avoid potential adverse events. Split dose rituximab for high-risk patients may provide an alternative approach to improve patient safety.
Amniotic membrane for retinal detachment due to paravascular retinal breaks over patchy chorioretinal atrophy in pathologic myopia
Authors: Caporossi Tomaso , De Angelis Lorenzo , Pacini Bianca , Rizzo Stanislao
Published: November 2019

Purpose:

To describe a new surgical technique, using a human amniotic membrane patch, in two cases of retinal detachment with paravascular retinal breaks over patchy chorioretinal atrophy in pathologic myopia, already underwent pars plana vitrectomy with the internal limiting membrane peeling for myopic foveoschisis.

Methods:

Surgical technique description with surgical video. A 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy was performed. A human amniotic membrane patch was implanted under the neuroretina to seal the posterior retinal break. Standard silicone oil tamponade was performed at the end of the surgery. The patients were positioned face down after the operation for the first week. Optical coherence tomography scans were used in the follow-ups.

Results:

The 2 weeks postoperative optical coherence tomography showed a new tissue growth over the human amniotic membrane patch. The 3 months optical coherence tomography showed the new tissue entirely covering the human amniotic membrane plug. Visual acuity improved from 20/2000 (2 LogMAR) to 20/250 (1.1 LogMAR) 3 months after the operation in both patients. The silicone oil was extracted 2 months after surgery, and no recurrences were observed. The patient’s visual acuity remained stable at 20/250 after the silicone oil extraction.

Conclusion:

In these complex cases, human amniotic membrane transplantation can be a valid option, when internal limiting membrane has already been peeled in previous surgeries, to seal the posterior retinal breaks over high myopic chorioretinal atrophy, with encouraging results.
Results at 10–24 years after single-stage revision arthroplasty of infected total hip arthroplasty in patients under 45 years of age
Authors: Wolff Matthias , Lausmann Christian , Gehrke Thorsten , Zahar Akos , Ohlmeier Malte , Citak Mustafa
Published: November 2019

Introduction:

The management of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the hip is a challenging procedure. One-stage exchange is carried out in specialist centres with comparable infection free survival rates. However, there is a paucity of long-term results of this approach in young patients.

Methods:

All patients undergoing one-stage exchange due to PJI with a known causative organism ⩽45 years of age with a minimum of 10-year follow-up (mean 15 years; range 10–24 years) were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients older than 45 years of age or patients with a two-stage procedure were excluded from the study. The primary outcome measure was failure rate with special focus on reinfection at latest follow-up. Failure was defined as revision surgery for infection. Furthermore, functional outcome using the Harris Hip Score was determined initially and at latest follow-up. 26 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were available for final follow-up.

Results:

The study cohort consists of 16 male and 10 female patients with a mean age of 36.8 years (range 20–45 years) and a mean BMI of 29.8 kg/m2 (range 20.7–40.6 kg/m2). Prior to the single-stage procedure, the patients underwent an average of 3.1 previous surgical interventions (range 1–9). The mean hospital stay after septic revision was 19.7 days (11–33 days). Most infections were caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis ( n = 8, 30.8%), followed by Staph. aureus ( n = 7, 26.9%) and Propionibacterium acnes ( n = 6, 23.1%). At latest follow-up, the overall survival rate was 76.9 %, while infection control could be achieved in 96.2%. At final examination, the mean Harris Hip Score improved from 46.2 to 78.9 (range 18.0–99; SD, 22.6).

Conclusions:

Single-stage revision surgery for the management of PJI in patients ⩽45 years is a successful treatment option with high infection control, even after long-term follow-up.
Cementless total hip arthroplasty with delta-on-delta ceramic bearing in patients younger than 30 years
Authors: Lee Young-Kyun , Kim Ki-Choul , Yoon Byung-Ho , Kim Tae-Young , Ha Yong-Chan , Koo Kyung-Hoi
Published: November 2019

Background:

Despite improvements in the mechanical properties of alumina ceramics, the outcome of total hip arthroplasty (THA) with contemporary ceramic bearings in young patients remains a matter of concern. We evaluated the results of cementless THA with the use of the delta ceramic bearing, and determined the prevalence of osteolysis, squeaking, and ceramic fracture in patients aged < 30 years at mid-term.

Methods:

From March 2008 to January 2012, 76 consecutive patients (91 hips), younger than 30 years, underwent cementless THA with Delta ceramic bearings. In each follow-up, the clinical evaluation including noise and radiological evaluations were recorded.

Results:

Among them, 72 patients (86 THAs) were followed-up for a minimum of 5 years (mean 70.8; 60−95.9 months). There were 44 men (47 hips) and 28 women (39 hips). The mean age at the time of the index arthroplasty was 25.9 (16−30) years and the mean preoperative Harris Hip Score (HHS) was 59.4 (23−79) points. HHS improved to 96.3 (64−100) points at the final follow-up evaluation. 8 hips (9.3%) exhibited grinding or squeaking. No hip had aseptic loosening and no hip was revised. No osteolysis was detected around any acetabular or femoral components.

Conclusions:

Our results suggest that cementless THA with the use of Delta ceramic bearing provides satisfactory results without osteolysis or ceramic fracture in patients aged <30 years at a mid-term follow-up. Clinical Trials.gov Protocol Registration System (trial no. NCT01838096).
Trigeminal neuralgia associated with multiple sclerosis: A multimodal assessment of brainstem plaques and response to Gamma Knife radiosurgery
Authors: Li Cathy Meng Fei , Hung Peter Shih-Ping , Chu Powell PW , Tohyama Sarasa , Hodaie Mojgan
Published: November 2019

Background:

Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is a minimally invasive procedure for trigeminal neuralgia secondary to multiple sclerosis (MS-TN). Patients with MS-TN experience suboptimal response rates to treatment, and the relationship between trigeminal microstructure and treatment outcome is poorly understood.

Objective:

To characterize imaging features of MS-TN pain and GKRS response.

Methods:

3 T diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), T1-w, T2-w, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences were acquired for 18 MS-TN patients undergoing GKRS. Brainstem plaques were standardized into a common space to determine plaque distribution. Ratio of T1-w/T2-w or “myelin maps (MM)” was generated. Multi-tensor tractography was used to delineate the radiosurgical target (RT), root entry zone (REZ), and proximal pontine segment (PPS) of the trigeminal nerves.

Results:

Laterality of MS-TN is associated with increased axial diffusivity at the PPS, whereas decreased MM at the PPS correlated with poor GKRS response. Preoperatively, GKRS responders have higher fractional anisotropy at the RT, higher axial diffusivity at the REZ, and higher MM intensities at the PPS.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates that diffusivities and MM intensities are important correlates of pain and treatment response, respectively. Overall, preoperative multimodal assessment of the central trigeminal pathway is a better indicator of GKRS response than postoperative assessment of the reduction in fractional anisotropy peripherally.
Buckling behavior of cold-formed C/Z-section purlins incorporating the effects of diaphragm and the screw location
Authors: Yang Na , Bai Fan
Published: November 2019

This article presents a study on the impact of the screw location and the diaphragm effects on the buckling behavior of the simply supported C/Z-section purlins under wind uplift loadings. The diaphragm effects provided by the sheeting and the warping-torsional effect induced by load eccentricity are taken into account in the differential equations of the nonlinear twisting flexural-torsional model. The biaxial bending moments, bi-moments, as well as the flexural-torsional buckling load of the purlin can be numerically obtained with the proposed model. The global, local, and distortional buckling interaction behavior and the limit states capacities are formulated based on the modified Direct Strength Method. The effects of both the restraints provided by the sheeting and impact of the screw location on the mechanical performance of the purlins are evaluated with the proposed method. The relationship between the buckling load and rotational restraint stiffness is also provided. The proposed methodology will contribute to the assessment of buckling capacity of purlin-sheeting systems.
Investigating the cultural understandings of International Baccalaureate Primary Years Programme teachers from a transcultural perspective
Authors: Casinader Niranjan , Walsh Lucas
Published: November 2019

It is now generally accepted that the teaching of cultural understanding is central to international education, exemplified in globally directed curricula such as those of the International Baccalaureate. However, research in this area has tended to focus on student outcomes of cultural education, even though globalisation and the nature of modern society has heightened the need for teachers who have the expertise to teach cultural education in ways that are more contemporarily relevant. Studies of teacher capacity to meet the specific demands of cultural learnings have been under-researched, tending to be situated within discourses that do not reflect the complex cultural reality of 21st century society. Using the context of a research study of Primary Years Programme teachers in International Baccalaureate schools, this paper argues that cultural education could be improved if teacher expertise is developed under the more inclusive paradigm of transculturalism.
Protective role of resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, in sodium fluoride-induced toxicity inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Abolaji Amos O , Ajala Victor O , Adigun Janet O , Adedara Isaac A , Kinyi Hellen W , Farombi Ebenezer O
Published: November 2019

Sodium fluoride (NaF) is used in water fluoridation and dental products such as mouth rinses and toothpastes. Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study was carried out to evaluate the toxicity of NaF and the protective role of resveratrol in Drosophila melanogaster. For longevity assay, Harwich strain of D. melanogaster was treated with NaF (0, 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90 mg/kg diet) throughout the lifespan and daily mortality recorded. Then, flies were again treated with similar doses of NaF for seven days to evaluate survival rate and oxidative stress markers. Thereafter, 60 mg resveratrol/kg diet was selected to determine its ameliorative role in NaF (70 mg/kg)-induced toxicity in flies: Group A (control), Group B (60 mg resveratrol/kg diet), Group C (70 mg NaF/kg diet), and Group D (resveratrol, 60 mg/kg diet) + NaF, 70 mg/kg diet). Thereafter, Glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activities, as well as total thiol (T-SH), nitrites/nitrates and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels were determined. The results showed that resveratrol prevented NaF-induced elevation of H2O2and nitrites/nitrates levels, as well as catalase activity. In addition, resveratrol restored NaF-induced inhibition of GST and AChE activities and depletion of T-SH content ( P < 0.05). Conclusively, resveratrol offered protective benefit against NaF-mediated toxicity in flies due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Impact statement

D. melanogaster was used to understand the impact of NaF on lifespan and emergence rate as well as the rescue role of resveratrol. These parameters are difficult to carry out in previously used models such as rodents. This further enforces in part, the suitability of D. melanogaster in studying NaF-induced toxicity and the therapeutic effects of drugs. Additionally, we found that resveratrol rescued D. melanogaster from oxidative stress-induced by sodium fluoride (NaF) administration. This study is of public health significance as it indicated that the consumption of fruits rich in resveratrol such as grapes may offer protective role against inadvertent exposure to NaF and related chemicals.
The Space Between: Transformative Learning and Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management
Authors: Smith-Miller Cheryl A. , Berry Diane C. , Miller Cass T.
Published: November 2019

Introduction:

Immigrant populations experience higher type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence rates and worse health outcomes secondary to T2DM than native-born populations. But as the largest immigrant population in the United States, the experience of T2DM diagnosis and self-management among Spanish-speaking, limited English-language proficient Latinx immigrants remains largely unexamined. This study used semistructured interviews to explore these phenomena among a cohort of 30 recent Latinx immigrants.

Method:

All aspects of data collection were conducted in Spanish. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected. Data analysis included descriptive statistical procedures. Qualitative data analysis was conducted using a grounded theory approach.

Results:

Patterns in the data analysis of 30 interviews identified accepting T2DM as a common transitional process that required significant changes in individuals’ self-perspective and ways of being. Accepting T2DM was identified by the participants as a precursor to treatment initiation. And while for most participants this transition period was brief, for some it took months to years. Distinct transitional stages were identified, categorized, and considered within the context of several theoretical orientations and were observed to align with those in transformative learning.

Conclusion:

Understanding differing responses and processing of a T2DM diagnosis could be leveraged to better support patients’ acceptance and transition into treatment.
1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene-mediated formation of N-sulfinyl imines
Authors: Ramaiah Manjunatha M , Shubha Priya Babu , Prabhala Pavan Kumar , Shivananju Nanjunda Swamy
Published: November 2019

A facile and efficient method was developed for the preparation of a variety of aryl, heteroaryl, and alkyl N-sulfinyl imines using 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene. In addition to tert-butanesulfinamide, the condensation is also effective with p-toluenesulfinamide. The reaction was performed at room temperature and produces the corresponding N-sulfinyl imines in excellent yields in the absence of acids, metals, and additives. This methodology is also useful for the preparation of N-sulfinyl imines on gram scale. A one-pot synthesis was developed using aryl and heteroaryl alcohols with both tert-butanesulfinamide and p-toluenesulfinamide at room temperature, resulting in the corresponding N-sulfinyl imines with good yields.
Exploring the practical knowledge of eccentric resistance training in high-performance strength and conditioning practitioners
Authors: Harden Mellissa , Bruce Claire , Wolf Alex , Hicks Kirsty M , Howatson Glyn
Published: November 2019

Habitual use of eccentric exercise has been recognised to increase strength and power; however, the current body of knowledge has limited potential to understand the application of such resistance training in athletic populations. In order to develop appropriate applied research, that relates to elite athletic populations, it is vital to appreciate the practical knowledge of strength and conditioning practitioners operating in high-performance environments. This study summarised the questionnaire responses from 100 strength and conditioning practitioners operating in performance sport relating to questions such as the training effects to various eccentric resistance training regimes, the rationale for the use of these techniques and the knowledge supporting its application. The combination of closed and open-ended questions enabled a thematic analysis to be conducted. There was evidence that practitioners employed a variety of eccentric training methodologies; however, there was interest in gaining greater understanding of the training dose to bring about the optimal adaptive changes, and importantly how this might translate to sport-specific performance. In addition, practitioners would welcome recommendations associated with eccentric training, whilst concurrently minimising the issues of excessive fatigue, muscle damage and soreness. The training effects of interest included neural, architectural and morphological adaptations and, importantly, translation to performance of sports-specific skills. Collectively, these responses called for more practically relevant research to be conducted within the high-performance environment, alongside more opportunities for professional development through learning and knowledge-sharing opportunities. The outcomes summarised in this work should inform future applied research projects and educational content relating to eccentric training.
A review of sotagliflozin for use in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Nuffer Wesley , Williams Briana , Trujillo Jennifer M.
Published: November 2019

Type 1 diabetes is a challenging disease that is largely managed with the use of insulin. The risk of hypoglycemia, side effects of weight gain, and high glucose variability associated with insulin use have prompted researchers to explore additional therapies to treat this condition. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a class of medications that lower glucose in type 2 diabetes patients independent of insulin action, and have been studied for use in the type 1 diabetes population. Sotagliflozin is an SGLT2 inhibitor that demonstrates a unique binding affinity for the SGLT1 receptor. A total of three phase III clinical trials (inTandem1, inTandem2, and inTandem3) were conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of sotagliflozin in type 1 diabetes. A modest hemoglobin A1C reduction of 0.3–0.4% was observed, with secondary benefits of reduced glucose variability, reduced insulin dosage, and positive weight loss effects. Overall there was a reduction in the risk of severe hypoglycemia with sotagliflozin, but a higher rate of ketone formation and risk of diabetic ketoacidosis was observed, along with increased mycotic infections and volume depletion effects.
Glucose-lowering therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Prattichizzo Francesco , La Sala Lucia , Rydén Lars , Marx Nikolaus , Ferrini Marc , Valensi Paul , Ceriello Antonio
Published: November 2019

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease, and many patients with diabetes have prevalent cardiovascular complications. Recent cardiovascular outcome clinical trials suggest that certain new glucose-lowering drugs are accompanied by additional cardioprotective properties. Indeed, selected glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists have a proved cardiovascular benefit in terms of a reduced incidence of ischaemic events, while sodium/glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors have also shown significant protection, with a striking effect on heart failure and renal endpoints. These findings have been integrated in recent guidelines which now recommend prescribing (when initial metformin monotherapy fails) a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist or a sodium/glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor with clinical trial-confirmed benefit in patients with diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and a sodium/glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor in such patients with heart failure or chronic kidney disease at initial stages. Furthermore, the new 2019 European Society of Cardiology guidelines in collaboration with the European Association for the Study of Diabetes recommend a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist or a sodium/glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor in treatment-naive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with pre-existing cardiovascular disease or at high cardiovascular risk. Future research will disentangle the mechanisms underpinning these beneficial effects and will also establish to what extent these results are generalisable to the whole diabetes population. In the meantime, available evidence should prompt a wide diffusion of these two classes of drugs among patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Here, we briefly summarise recent findings emerging from cardiovascular outcome clinical trials, discuss their impact on treatment algorithms and propose new possible approaches to improve our knowledge further regarding the cardiovascular effect of glucose-lowering medications.