bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proximate composition of male and female African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and tilapia (Tilapia zilli) in Jega river, Kebbi state, Nigeria
Authors: Namaga W. M. , Yahaya B. , Salam M. A.
Published: August 2021

Fish is highly nutritious, tasty, and easily digestible. It is much sought after by a broad cross-section of the world’s population, particularly in developing countries as it provides the cheapest protein source. Nigeria is blessed with numerous inland freshwater rivers and lakes scattered all over the country. This freshwater habitat consists of many species of fish that have successfully dominated all niches over time and have for many reasons remained unstudied. The situation concealed a lot of scientific information particularly on food security and safety to the inmates and the country at large. Jega River which transcended many States in the North-Western part of Nigeria to open into the river Niger is one of such rivers largely uncared for, study-wise. African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Tilapia (Tilapia zillii) have been wisely selected for the present proximate composition studies. The juveniles of these fishes were purchased from local fishermen in Mariner Waje landing site of the river which flows by Jega town, a local government area in Kebbi State, Nigeria. For the study, the methodology approved by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) was used to determine the proximate composition of the fishes. The highest percentage crude protein content of 49.18 ± 0.30% was observed in juvenile female C. gariepinus; while the lowest protein content of 39.22± 0.50% was observed in juvenile male T. zilli. The highest percentage lipid content of 11.75± 1.50% was observed in juvenile female tilapia; while the lowest percentage lipid content of 6.25± 0.29% was observed in male African catfish. The highest percentage fibre content of 4.00 ± 0.29% was observed in male and female C. gariepinus, while the lowest percentage fibre content of 0.75± 0.29% was observed in male tilapia. There were variations (p< 0.05) when the protein and lipid contents of both the species were compared with each other. There was also a significant difference (p< 0.05) when the carbohydrate contents were compared between the fish species, but there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) when the fibre content was compared within the species. The analyses showed that both the male and female fish species studied had high protein contents.
Preservation of wet rice straw using urea and molasses in monsoon of Bangladesh
Authors: Sultana R. , Jamee D. K. , Islam S. , Islam S. M. A. , Amin M. R. , Khan M. R. I.
Published: August 2021

An experiment of treated and ensiled wet rice straw with urea and molasses was performed to explore the chemical composition, physical quality, in vitro digestibility and its potentiality as a quality feed for ruminants. In this experiment, plastic containers were used to preserve chopped wet rice straw under airtight condition based on the treatment as T1 (wet rice straw only), T2 (straw with 5% molasses), T3 (straw with 5% urea), T4 (straw with 5% urea and 5% molasses) and T5 (straw with 10% urea and 5% molasses) to analyze chemical composition, physical quality, metabolizable energy (ME) content, in vitro organic matter digestibility (OMD) and in vitro gas production (IVGP) at five different ensiling times of 0, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days. The physical quality (color, smell, softness characteristics) of wet rice straw was improved with urea and molasses treatment. Treatments T5 was found better as there was no fungal growth till 90 days of ensiling. The addition of urea and molasses improved the physical quality, nutritive value and preservation quality of wet rice straw. Urea and molasses treated and ensiled (T5) straw showed better color, nutritional quality, softness and longer preservation capacity compared with all treatments followed by T4, T2 and T3. The crude protein (CP) content was increased (P<0.05) but the crude fibre (CF), dry matter (DM), ash contents and ether extract (EE) were decreased (P<0.05) in all of the treatments (T2, T3, T4 and T5) compared to control (T1). The OMD, IVGP and ME contents were increased in all of the treatments (T2, T3, T4 and T5) compared to control (T1). The highest OMD, IVGP and ME values were observed in treatment T5 and the lowest values were in control (T1) Through the Consideration of all the chemical and physical properties, among all of the treatments, 10% urea and 5% molasses are found acceptable for the preservation of rice straw. Thus, environment friendly and cost effective feed can be formulated.
Model of public choice and political rent
Authors: Bezat-Jarzebowska Agnieszka , Rembisz WÅ‚odzimierz , Sielska Agata
Published: August 2021

It can be assumed that the scope of agricultural policy and connected with its financial streams are not accidental. Selection of a particular, policy defines a mechanism in which the benefits and costs are combined. Such an effort of describing and ex plaining the mechanism was presented in the paper. We use the concept of a public choice model. Issues of including political (or admin istrative) interest in defining and shaping the policy are incorporated into the models of public choice. The authors assumed the rationality of decision makers and their goal to maximize their own utility. The analysis presented in the paper is some reference to one of the trends of political economy, according to which the emphasis is on the votersâ€™ behaviour.

 

Keywords: Public choice, political rent, agricultural policy, political economic  analysis
An adaptation of traditional Turkish educational games to the teaching of vocabulary in EFL environment
Authors: Kurt Funda , Yavuz Fatih
Published: August 2021

Vocabulary plays a vital role in all methods and approaches in ELT. Vocabulary knowledge is one of the significant sub-skills for not only receptive but also productive skills in foreign language learning process. As the techniques used to teach vocabulary vary in approaches for different purposes, it can be observed that they can be classified as conscious or explicit and unconscious or implicit ones. This paper aims to outline some traditional methods of vocabulary teaching particularly young learners; the significance of game â€“based teaching process in education; the application of educational games in language classes; some studies carried out with the purpose of searching the effects of educational games in foreign language learning process; the benefits of teaching frequent vocabulary through games for young learners through the related literature. This study concludes by suggesting an adaptation of some traditional Turkish games to the teaching frequent vocabulary to young learners in foreign language teaching.

 

Keywords: vocabulary teaching; game â€“ based teaching process; traditional Turkish games; young learners; frequent vocabulary
Integrating Microsoft IoT, machine learning in a large-scale power meter reading
Authors: Pascu Liviu , Simo Attila , Vernica Alin Mihai
Published: August 2021

Due to fast technological progress in the power engineering field, the need of new information/communication technologies is more and more underlined. e-Learning has become a viable alternative to traditional teaching/learning techniques, adopted especially due to the advantages offered by the possibility of continuous training. This paper presents a Microsoft internet of things platform for a very large-scale smart power meter reading, used not only for training operative staff of the distribution network operator but also to help end users to control electrical energy that they consume. The strength of this platform for the distribution network operator is that the read data can be used for energy forecast, which is very useful for the future energy consumption optimisation. The platform can be reached through the Internet using a user name and password. A comparison between the results provided by classical teaching/learning methods and the ones achieved using this platform is presented.

Keywords: Machine learning, internet of things (IoT), training.
The investigation of mood and modality in the first letter of Nahj al-Balagheh based on the interpersonal metafunction of Hallidayâ€™s systemic functional grammar
Authors: ArabZouzani Mohammad Ali , Pahlavannejadb Mohammad Reza , Seyyedi Hossein
Published: August 2021

Believing that some particular texts worth scientific studies, we put the first letter of Nahj al-Balagheh under investigation according to the concept of mood and modality in the interpersonal metafunction of Hallidayâ€™s systemic functional grammar. A brief literature of mood and modality is given first. Then, the theoretical framework of the study is set, and finally, the text of the letter is analysed and explained according to the theory. The result indicated that the theory is assignable to Arabic, the language of the letter, but mediation is needed. The mood structure is mostly leaning on the predicator as it pays an important role in showing tense, polarity and modality of the clause. Subject and modal adjuncts are also apparent in some clauses as mood elements. The text of the letter is composed mostly of positive statements so that a knowledgeable source, Imam Ali, gives information to a group of unaware deceived people about the controversial subject of the third Khalifehâ€™s death. Some imperative clauses are also included to warn the people and to offer them the correct way.

Keywords: Mood, modality, interpersonal metafunction, systemic functional grammar.
An inquiry on publishersâ€™ criteria for recruitment of translators
Authors: Moghadamizad Zahra , Mowlaie Bahram , Rahimi Ali
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to investigate the criteria considered by Iranian publishers for admitting translators. In order to achieve this purpose, the qualifications developed by Samuelson-Brown were employed to design a 19-item Likert scale questionnaire on a continuum from â€˜strongly agreeâ€™ to â€˜strongly disagreeâ€™. Some of the qualifications mentioned in the questionnaire were academic degree, translation competence, work experience, proficiency test, translatorsâ€™ sense of responsibility for their task and the direct relationship between the publishers and the translators. Next, it was handed out to 140 Iranian publishers who were randomly selected as the participants from different parts of Iran for data collection. The collected data were analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively using the chi-squared test to see whether there were any significant relationships between each item and the participantsâ€™ attitudes. The qualitative results showed that almost all participants agreed with considering most qualifications as their own criteria to recruit translators, of course with some variations in their opinions on the significance of the variables of interest. However, the result of the chi-squared test showed a significant relationship only between four variables of inclusion of proficiency test, computer literacy, the translatorsâ€™ relationship with the publisher and gender. The results can have some practical implications on translation course developers, students and teachers.
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Lack of Atorvastatin Effect on Monocyte Gene Expression and Inflammatory Markers in HIV-1- infected ART-suppressed Individuals at Risk of non-AIDS Comorbidities
Authors: Yadav Anjana , Kossenkov Andrew , Showe Louise , Ratcliffe Sarah , Choi Grace , Montaner Luis , Tebas Pablo , Shaw Pamela , Collman Ronald
Published: August 2021

Background: Many people living with HIV have persistent monocyte activation despite viral suppression by antiretroviral therapy (ART), which contributes to non-AIDS complications including neurocognitive and other disorders. Statins have immunomodulatory properties that might be beneficial by reducing monocyte activation. 
Methods: We previously characterized monocyte gene expression and inflammatory markers in 11 HIV-positive individuals on long-term ART (HIV/ART) at risk for non-AIDS complications because of low nadir CD4+ counts (median 129 cells/uL) and elevated hsCRP. Here, these individuals participated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study of 12 weeks of atorvastatin treatment. Monocyte surface markers were assessed by flow cytometry, plasma mediators by ELISA and Luminex, and monocyte gene expression by microarray analysis. 
Results: Among primary outcome measures, 12 weeks of atorvastatin treatment led to an unexpected increase in CCR2+ monocytes (P=0.04), but did not affect CD16+ or CD163+ monocytes, nor levels in plasma of CCL2/MCP-1 or sCD14. Among secondary outcomes, atorvastatin treatment was associated with decreased plasma hsCRP (P=0.035) and IL-2R (P=0.012). Treatment was also associated with increased total CD14+ monocytes (P=0.015), and increased plasma CXCL9 (P=0.003) and IL-12 (P<0.001). Comparable results were seen in a subgroup that had inflammatory marker elevations at baseline. Atorvastatin treatment did not significantly alter monocyte gene expression or normalize aberrant baseline transcriptional patterns.
Conclusions: In this study of aviremic HIV+ individuals at high risk of non-AIDS events, 12 weeks of atorvastatin did not normalize monocyte gene expression patterns nor lead to significant changes in monocyte surface markers or plasma mediators linked to non-AIDS comorbidities.
Territorial features of the development of higher education in Russia
Authors: Pinkovetskaia Iuliia S.
Published: August 2021

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the indicators characterizing the presence of higher education organizations in the regions of Russia, as well as the proportion of students in the total population of each of the regions. The study used as initial information official statistical data on the development of higher education in 82 regions of Russia in 2020, as well as information on the population in each of the regions. We have developed econometric models that describe the distribution of access to higher education in the regions. The study allowed us to estimate the number of higher education organizations per one million residents and the share of students in the population of the regions. The regions with the maximum and minimum values of the considered indicators were identified. It is shown that higher education has received significant development in Russia.
Evsizlik Sorununun Pandemi İle İlişkisi ve Türkiye’deki İzdüşümü
Authors: SİPAHİ Esra Banu , ARSLAN Tuğçe
Published: August 2021

Kentlerin büyümesi ile görünürlüğü artan evsizlik olgusu, geçmişten günümüze insanlığın mücadele etmekte güçlük yaşadığı ve bir türlü çözüme kavuşturulamayan bir sorundur. Özellikle küreselleşmenin beraberinde getirdiği adaletsizlikler, yeni yoksul sınıflamalarını gündeme getirmiştir. Bu sınıflandırmanın en altında yer alan evsizler, toplumun dışladığı, görmezden geldiği, hatta korktuğu, istenmeyen bir kesim olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Evsizlerin içinde bulunduğu bu olumsuz durumu körükleyen önemli bir gelişmeye içinden geçtiğimiz şu günlerde tanıklık edilmektedir. Bu gelişme kuşku yok ki Covid-19 pandemisidir. Küreselleşmenin beraberinde getirdiği -beklenen ancak görüldüğü kadarı ile pek de hazırlıklı olunmayan- bu “hastalığın küreselleşmesi” durumu, evsizler açısından büyük bir yıkıma neden olmaktadır. Bir yandan pandeminin beraberinde getirdiği ekonomik ve psikolojik yıkımın evsizliğin nedeni olma potansiyeli, diğer yandan da evsiz kitlelerin hem kendileri hem de içinde yaşadıkları toplum açısından büyük bir risk oluşturmaları, üzerinde önemle düşünülmesi ve çözüme yönelik politikalar üretilmesi gereken bir konudur. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de pek de ilgi görmeyen ancak önemli bir sorun olan evsizlik olgusuna Covid-19 salgını bağlamında odaklanmakta ve evsizliğin dünyadaki ve Türkiye’deki boyutları ve konu ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar ekseninde ilgili yazına bir kapı aralamaktadır.
Tüketicilerin Organik Ürün Logolu Markalara Yönelik Değerlendirmelerinde Ölüm Kaygısının Rolü
Authors: ÜLKER Yelda
Published: August 2021

Yaşamın sınırlı olduğunun kanıtı olan ölüm, yok olmayla ilişkilendirildiği için çoğu zaman insanlarda kaygı yaratmaktadır. Bireyden bireye farklılıklar gösteren ölüm kaygısı, doğumdan itibaren başlamakta olup, hayat boyu sürmektedir. Yaşanılan bu farklılıkların sebebi olarak yaş, cinsiyet, kültür gibi farklı unsurlar söylenebilir. Ayrıca genellikle ölüm kaygısı yaşayan bireyler de, sağlığını kaybetme korkusu da görünmektedir. Sağlıklarına dikkat etmek isteyen tüketiciler, katkısız gıdalara, sebze ağırlıklı beslenmeye veya organik ürünlere yönelmektedir. Diğer bir deyişle günümüzde sağlıklı yaşamaya odaklanan tüketicilerin bir çoğunun organik logolu markalara yöneldikleri söylenebilir. Bu sebeple çalışmada katılımcıların ölüm kaygısı ile organik markalara tutumlarının alt boyutları olan “organik markalara aşinalık”, “organik marka güvenirliği” “organik tüketici kimliği” “organik markalara psikolojik bağlılık” ve “organik logolu marka alımı” arasında ilişki olup olmadığı incelenmiştir. Çalışmada katılımcıların ölüm kaygısı ile organik ürün puanlarının tanımlayıcı özelliklere göre farklılaşıp, farklılaşmadığı da irdelenen konular arasındadır. Elde edilen verilere göre, ölüm kaygısı ile tüketicilerin organik tüketici kimliği arasında anlamlı bir ilişkinin var olduğu görülmektedir. Fakat araştırmaya göre katılımcıların ölüm kaygısı ile organik markalara aşinalık, organik marka güvenirliği, organik markalara psikolojik bağlılık ve organik logolu marka alımı tutumları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır.
LOW- GRADE STRUCTURES OF NOBLE AND NON- FERROUS METALS AND METHODS OF THEIR SELECTIVE SEPARATION
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Mining University, ALEXANDROVA Tatyana , AFANASOVA Anastasia ,   Saint Petersburg Mining University, NIKOLAEVA Nadezhda ,   Saint Petersburg Mining University
Published: August 2021

There is a worldwide trend of increasing the share of extraction and processing of low-grade minerals, but their extraction and processing volumes are still low. There are several reasons for this: high mining and transportation costs, imperfect techniques and technological difficulties in enrichment and processing of refractory and low-quality minerals. Due to the depletion of reserves of easily beneficiated raw materials and to compensate for the growing shortage of high-quality minerals, the Russian mining industry development strategy provides for the involvement of new and unconventional types of deposits into production. Examples of such deposits are deposits of carbonaceous raw materials (black shale, refractory sulphide carbon-bearing ores, impactites, etc.) containing carbon of varying degrees of metamorphism. On the basis of the most modern mineralogical, physical, nuclear and chemical methods of research of composition, structure and properties of the carbonaceous raw materials at the micro- and nanolevel, the composition of the productive mineral matter, physical, chemical and thermodynamic laws of separation of valuable mineral components and the basic technological processes to obtain the finished product for valorization of the unconventional carbonaceous mineral raw materials were determined with maximum reliability. One of the possible reasons of difficulty of beneficiation of carbonaceous raw materials is the fine phenocrysts in graphite which can be solved by using the flotation process. Contrast of surface properties of minerals with similar technological properties can be increased by application of different energy effects (MEMI, MIO, microwave, electrochemical treatment etc.) at successive stages of raw material transformation, regulation of pulp conditioning conditions (duration and intensity of agitation, heat treatment of pulp) as well as by development and application of selective reagent regimes. The special feature of flotation as a method of extraction of noble and rare metals is the ability to extract valuable metals not only in their native free form, but also in close association with sulphides and carbon. Flotation with the use of intensifying influences made it possible to transfereven low-sized structures of noble and rare metals, which are not extracted by conventional methods of cyanidation, gravitation enrichment and amalgamation, into the concentrate. One of the ways to increase the efficiency of the flotation process is preliminary modification of the additive which is introduced in addition to the main reagents of the sinter - “carrier material”.
MORPHOTECTONIC EVALUATION OF SIRCH MOUNTAINS USING WATER BASIN GEOMORPHIC INDICES
Authors:   Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, HOSEINI Nafise , BAFTI Shahram ,   Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, DERAKHSHANI Reza ,   Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, GHANBARIAN Mohammad ,   Shiraz University
Published: August 2021

Morphotectonic indices are useful instruments for investigating the effect of tectonic activity in a certain region. Calculation of these indicators using the advantages of Geographical Information System, GIS, in a large area is useful for detecting potential disorders related to active tectonics. This method is useful in regions on which few morphotectonic studies have been conducted. An example of such areas can be the watersheds of the Sirch mountainous region. The watersheds of the Sirch region located in Central Iran’s zone in the southeast of Iran are a very ideal zone to evaluate the concepts of these indicators in the prediction of the relative tectonic activity according to the investigation of drainage systems or mountain fronts. Based on the values of the calculated indices including Form Factor (FF), Compaction Coefficient (CC), Ratio of Circularity (RC), Ratio of Elongation (RE), relative Basin Height (BH), and Ruggedness Number (RN), a final indicator called Active Tectonic Indicator (ATI) is obtained. The latter is a combination of the abovementioned indicators and evaluates the morphotectonic activity based on the shape of the watersheds. By measuring and combining these indicators, the tectonic activity stage of the Sirch region was determined by analyzing the watersheds of this region.
ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY OF MINING INDUSTRIAL COMPLEXES IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   Ural State Mining University, SEMYACHKOV Alexander , POCHECHUN Victoria ,   Ural State Mining University
Published: August 2021

In the work, on the basis of our own field and laboratory studies of the components of the environment, the regularities of the natural and technogenic metal content of the territory of the Middle Urals were established; the mining complex was assessed as a source of pollutant flows into the environment; the formation of flows of pollutants in the environment under the influence of technogenic and mineral formations has been investigated; it is proposed to divide all pollutants, according to their source of entry into the environment, into atmospheric and hydrogenic flows of mining complexes. The problem is that the methodologies for setting maximum permissible emissions (MPE) and normative permissible discharge (NPD) are practically the same. They cover the assessment of the background concentrations of pollutants in the studied media, the assessment of pollution sources, the establishment on the basis of the dilution (mixing) processes of the predicted concentrations (at the border of the sanitary protection zone or in the control section) and the development of the permissible level of the impact of source into the element of the environment in g / h or in t / year with guaranteed quality assurance). Unfortunately, the methodologies used in standardizing the impact of mining and metallurgical complexes on the environment do not take into account a number of aspects, mainly geochemical, which often leads to the formalization of this process with subsequent negative environmental consequences. The objects of research considered in this work were the mining and metallurgical complexes of the Urals, located on its eastern slope in the basin of the river. Tours and including iron ore (the cities of Kachkanar, N. Tagil), copper ore (the cities of Krasnouralsk, Kirovgrad, Pervouralsk) complexes and environmental components (atmosphere, geo-hydro- and biosphere)) within them. The subject of research is the most characteristic ore and associated metals of the Ural deposits: Fe, Cr, Mn, V, Ni, Co, Zn, Cu, Pb, As, Hg, Cd. The aim of the work was to study the flows of pollutants in natural and man-made geosystems of the Middle Urals and to develop a methodological basis for assessing the impact of mining complexes on the environment.
UNDERGROUND RUNOFF AS THE MAIN GEOHAZARDS IN THE MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS OF THE POST-SOVIET PART OF CENTRAL ASIA
Authors:   Institute of Water Problems and Ecology, LAGUTIN Evgeny , TEREKHOV Аlexey ,   Institute of Water Problems and Ecology, USUPAEV Sheishenaly ,   Institute of Water and Energy Problems of National Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this article is to present the results of a study of the mutual influence of groundwater flow and results of human activities in the upland and lowland areas of Central Asia. The need for research was determined by the serious consequences of anthropogenic activities, which in recent years have required the inclusion of these tasks in the category of national security problems of the Central Asian States. Such tasks include, first of all, the extensive use of existing water resources in the Syrdarya and Amu Darya river basins, which was reflected in the well – known tragedy of the Aral Sea, the pollution of water resources during peaceful nuclear weapons tests, which negatively affected the state of the environment in East Kazakhstan, in addition-in the irrational use of water resources, including groundwater, on irrigated lands in Central Asia. These and other factors have determined the need to develop capabilities for predicting the state of both the aquatic environment and the influencing factors of human activity themselves. The solution of the problem presented in this article is based on the new fundamental scientific concepts developed by the authors, their own and attracted material of the results and is expressed in the proposed specific solutions.
ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE TECHNOGENIC DEPOSITS PRESERVATION OF NON-FERROUS METALS IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS
Authors:   North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (State Technological University), ALBOROV Ivan , TEDEEVA Fatima ,   North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (State Technological University), BURDZIEVA Olga ,   Scientific Secretary of Geophysical Institute of Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2021

The article presents the results of research on a comprehensive assessment of techno genic waste deposits located in the North Caucasus region, gives a brief description of the material composition of techno genic raw materials, element-by-element quantitative reserves that are part of the accumulated secondary georesources for their possible utilization, production of non-ferrous metals and raw materials for the manufacture of industrial building materials. The article considers the sanitary and ecological parameters of the functioning of man-made raw materials in complex orographic, meteorological and geographical conditions. The critical aspects of the preservation of techno genic waste deposits in the current anthropogenic conditions are identified. The risk factors for the removal of toxic and harmful geomaterials into the water area with significant harm to the flora and ichthyofaunal are identified. For a deeper assessment of the minerals contained in the extracted ore, a unified state register of techno genic waste deposits should be created, Taking into account the high fragmentation of all the above – mentioned process links at the present time , the owners, taking into account the current sanitary and regulatory requirements, must take adequate measures to ensure the regulatory and environmental requirements in accordance with the current Federal Law “On Production and Consumption Waste”. The need for complex processing of waste from mining and processing industries in the North Caucasus is also dictated by environmental aspects due to the high risk of the occupied territories (they are located in floodplain terraced areas of mountain rivers) due to the flooding of mountain rivers, including the high vulnerability of resort and recreational and balneological complexes due to the negative impact of these negative sources. The assessment of the useful components contained in the extracted ore is currently not carried out in full, and the accumulated waste from processing non-ferrous metal ores is used in small volumes.
STUDIES OF THE SHAPED CHARGES EFFECT WITH A HEMISPHERICAL ECCENTRIC SHAPE RECESS FOR THE ROCKS DESTRUCTION
Authors:   Le Quy Don University of Science and Technology, THANG Dam , BELIN Vladimir ,   National Organization of Explosive Engineers, DOANH Tran ,   Le Quy Don University of Science and Technology
Published: August 2021

The method of outdoor installation of explosive charges is usually used in the destruction of rocks in conditions in which the method of drilling and blasting using borehole or borehole charges is difficult to apply due to objective conditions. The productivity of rock destruction by the outdoor installation of a concentrated charge is very low. This is due to the fact that such an explosion is characterized by a large loss of energy in the environment. The destruction of rocks by an explosion using shaped charges (CW) to destroy the rock is one solution to increase the useful energy of the destruction of the rock compared to charges placed outside. To achieve the optimal effect of destruction of the rock by cumulative charges, it is necessary to, so that for each type of rock, a specific type of shaped charges can be determined with the appropriate performance and efficiency of the use of explosives. The stronger the rock, the more efficient the short-circuit should be, and vice versa. Thus, for effective rock crushing, it is necessary to develop and produce a number of different types of shaped charges. The use of shaped explosive charges allows you to increase the utilization rate of the useful energy of the explosion and increase the destruction zone of the rock. At a fixed mass of the explosive, the destructive effect of the explosive charge placed on the surface of the rock, it depends on the shape of the charge and the geometric parameters of the charge. Shaped charges with an eccentric hemispherical shape have a coefficient of use of the useful energy of the explosion for the destruction of rock, more than 2.4 times compared to conventional concentrated charges of the same mass.
THE MAIN SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY TRENDS OF NORTH CAUCASIAN INSTITUTE OF MINING AND METALLURGY (STATE TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY) IN THE STUDY AND SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM OF COMPLEX AND ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE PROCESSING OF NATURAL AND TECHNOGENIC MINERAL RAW MATERIALS
Authors:   North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (State Technological University), DMITRAK Yuri
Published: August 2021

The result of many years research of the university scientific community in the field of topical issues of complex processing of natural and man-made mineral raw materials was the creation of a scientific school “Dynamics of working bodies of machines and equipment for fine grinding of rocks” under the leadership of Professor Dmitrak Yu. V. Research results. The dynamic parameters of the grinding bodies are determined directly in the mill grinding chamber which ensure the contactless transmission of information from the grinding ball to the receiving device. A new method of materials self-grinding and the design of a vertical centrifugal mill based on it has been developed. The mill tests during the grinding waste from the production of ceramic products (the battle of insulators, crushed mullite bricks) showed high efficiency and prospects. The tests of a laboratory vibrating mill with one grinding chamber and a rotor diameter of 250 mm for grinding dolomite were carried out. The experiments have shown the possibility of creating vibrating mills for solid materials grinding. In the development of the work of I. N. Plaksin on the flotation of ores with the jet movement of products in the scheme tested by him together with employees in the conditions of the Tekeli processing plant, the modes of joint processing of ores and gold placers were developed at the NCIMM (GTU). It was established that with the unprofitable individual development of alluvial gold mining waste, a positive economic effect can be obtained through their joint processing with ore gold reserves by fine-tuning the concentrate extracted from man-made raw materials by gravitational enrichment methods at a stationary processing plant. It is proved that the addition of the gravitational technology of alluvial gold extraction by flotation methods provides an increase in annual gold production by ~38 % due to the additional extraction of “resistant” forms of gold for gravitational methods. It has been proved in laboratory conditions that the waste slag of the Copper plant of “Ltd. MMP Norilsk Nickel” can be disposed of by joint processing with the ore of current production. It is established that the technology development using metal leaching is promising for the development of Sadonsky plant deposits.
The Airway Microbiota of Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Patients and its Relationship to Tumor Stage and EGFR Gene Mutation
Authors: Huang DanHui , He Jing , Su XiaoFang , Wen YaNa , Zhang ShuJia , Liu LaiYu , Zhao Haijin , Ye CuiPin , Wu JianHua , Cai Shaoxi , Dong Hangming
Published: August 2021

Background: Accumulating studies have suggested the airway microbiota of lung cancer was significantly different from healthy controls. However, little was known about the relationship between airway microbiota and important clinical parameters of lung cancer. In this study, we aimed to explore the association between sputum microbiota and lung cancer stage, lymph node metastasis, intrathoracic metastasis, and Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation. Methods: The microbiota of sputum samples from 85 newly diagnosed NSCLC patients were sequenced via 16S rRNA sequencing with V3-V4 region. Sequencing reads were filtered using QIIME2 and clustered against UPARSE. Results: The α diversity and β diversity was significantly different between patients in stage I to II (early stage, ES) and patients in stage III to IV (advanced stage, AS). Lefse identified that genera Granulicatella and Actinobacillus were significantly enriched in ES, and genus Actinomyces were significantly enriched in AS. PICRUSt2 identified NAD salvage pathway was significantly enriched in AS, which was positively associated with Granulicatella. Patients with intrathoracic metastasis were associated with increased genus Peptostreptococcus and incomplete reductive TCA cycle. Enrichment of TCA cycle was associated with increased Peptostreptococcus. Genera Parvimonas, Pseudomona and L-valine biosynthesis were positively associated with lymph node metastasis. L-valine biosynthesis was related with increased Pseudomona. Finally, genus Parvimonas were significantly upregulated in adenocarcinoma patients with EGFR mutation. Conclusion: In conclusion, the taxonomy structure differed between different lung cancer stage. The tumor stage, intrathoracic 1 metastasis, lymph node metastasis, and EGFR mutation were associated with alteration of specific airway genera and metabolic function of sputum microbiota.
Tracing back the origin of cell-cell communication: Hydra vulgaris releases extracellular vesicles delivering regulators of head and foot regeneration
Authors: Moros Maria , Fergola Eugenio , Marchesano Valentina , Mutarelli Margherita , Tommasini Giuseppina , Miedziak Beata , Palumbo Giuliana , Ambrosone Alfredo , Tino Angela , Tortiglione Claudia
Published: August 2021

Recent body of evidence demonstrates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent the first language of cell-cell communication emerged during evolution. In aquatic environments, transferring signals between cells by EVs offer protection against degradation, allowing delivering of chemical information in high local concentrations to the target cells. The packaging of multiple signals, including those of hydrophobic nature, ensures target cells to receive the same EV-conveyed messages, and the coordination of a variety of physiological processes across cells of a single organisms, or at the population level, i.e. mediating the population´s response to changing environmental conditions. Here, we purified EVs from the medium of the freshwater invertebrate Hydra vulgaris, and the molecular profiling by proteomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed multiple markers of the exosome EV subtype. Moreover, positive and negative regulators of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, the major developmental pathway acting in body axial patterning, were identified. Functional analysis on amputated polyps revealed EV ability to interfere with both head and foot regeneration, suggesting an active role in setting up tissue gradients and oro-aboral polarity through delivery of short and long-distance signals. Our results open the path to unravel EV biogenesis and function in all cnidarian species, tracing back the origin of the cell-cell, cross-species or cross-kingdom communication in aquatic ecosystems
Identification of drought-responsive hub genes and their related miRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Arjmand Maryam Pasandideh , Lahiji Habibollah Samizadeh , Biglouei Mohammad Hassan , Golfazani Mohammad Mohsenzadeh
Published: August 2021

Drought is important environmental stress that reduces the yield and quality of crops all around the world. The drought-responsive regulatory network is very complex in plants. MicroRNAs are an important gene expression regulator under drought conditions. Identifying drought-responsive genes and their related miRNAs helps us to provide valuable information on plant stress regulation by miRNAs in stress conditions. In this study, a microarray dataset of drought stress and well-water samples of Arabidopsis were analyzed to identify the common root and shoot genes in drought. GEO2R tool was used for identifying differentially expressed genes. Gene ontology enrichment, protein-protein interaction, pathway analysis, and potential miRNAs for hub genes were performed using bioinformatics tools. There were 486 and 288 DEGs of root and shoot tissue respectively. Venn diagram analysis demonstrated that 59 DEGs were common in both root and shoot tissues, including 51 upregulated genes and 8 downregulated genes enriched in response to water deprivation, response to osmotic stress, response to abscisic acid, response to oxidative stress, response to salt stress and other related pathways. Gene ontology and protein network analysis showed that TSPO, LTI78, AFP1, RAB18, LTI65, HAI1, HAI2, LEA4-5, LEA7, and F16B3.11 genes are hub genes in drought conditions. All hub genes except LEA7 and F16B3.11 were target genes of miRNAs. It seems that these genes and their related miRNAs can play a crucial role in drought response adaptation and they can be considered in breeding programs and genetic engineering for the production of drought-tolerant plants.
Effects of nano and ionized silicon on physiological and biochemical characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors: Saadatian Bijan , Kafi Mohamad , aval Mohamad Banayan , Hammami Hossein
Published: August 2021

The role of protecting and structure stabilizing effects of silicon (Si) has been demonstrated on different plant species. Still it has not been used in potato seed production under a soilless culture system. Furthermore, particle size is very important in particle adhesion and interactions with biological reactions. Therefore, the use of nano-Si particles may be more efficient than ionized -Si. For this purpose, a greenhouse experiment under a soilless culture system was performed as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) arranged in a factorial with three replications. In this study, Si concentration (distilled water (Control), 0.8, 1.6, 2.4, and 3.2 mmol Si L− 1) and Si type at two levels (nano and ionized Si-based in sodium silicate) were tested. The results revealed that foliar application of Si significantly improved the net photosynthesis rate, water use efficiency, mesophyll conductance, Chl a, Chl b, carotenoids, Chl a/b ratio, DPPH radical scavenging, total phenol, mean weight mini-tuber, and yield, whereas transpiration rate in Si-treated plants decreased. Moreover, the greatest positive influence of Si was observed at 3.2 mmol L− 1. The effect of Nano-Si was greater than ionized-Si at all Si concentrations. The results revealed that improved biochemical and photosynthetic characteristics of potato plantlet under Nano-Si treatments compared to ionized-Si treatments. However, these relations were not significant under ionized treatment. This study indicated that the application of Si (nano and ionized) for potato growing and mini-tuber production has positive effects. Generally, under soilless culture system, Nano-Si have higher efficiency than ionized-Si in mini-tuber production.
Metabolic syndrome among Nigerians with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a comparative study of the diagnostic criteria.
Authors: Azeez Taoreed Adegoke , Adeleye Jokotade , Enigbokan Omololu Adedoyin , Adejimi Bolaji , Oladapo John Sunday
Published: August 2021

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome is associated with increased cardiovascular death. The objectives of this study were to find the frequency of metabolic syndrome among Nigerians with type 2 diabetes and to compare the modified NCEP ATP III criteria and the IDF criteria MethodsThe study involved 134 participants. Sixty-seven were cases with type 2 diabetes while the rest were the controls without type 2 diabetes. Ethical approval was granted by the institution’s ethics review committee. Anthropometric, clinical and laboratory parameters were obtained using standard protocols. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 22. Means were compared with Student’s t test while proportions were compared with the Pearson’s chi square. Point biserial correlation was used to determine the association between the dichotomous variables and interval variables. Agreement between the criteria was tested with the Cohen’s kappa test.ResultsType 2 diabetes was associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension and truncal obesity. The frequency of metabolic syndrome was lower with the IDF criteria compared with the modified NCEP criteria (65.7% vs 71.6%). Although there was a strong agreement between the IDF and the modified NCEP criteria (κ=0.862; p<0.0001) yet, the IDF criteria missed 8.3% of diabetic individuals diagnosed with metabolic syndrome by the modified NCEP criteria. Cardiovascular risk is better predicted when the modified NCEP criteria were used to diagnose metabolic syndrome.ConclusionMetabolic syndrome is very common among Nigerians with type 2 diabetes and it is better diagnosed with the modified NCEP ATP III criteria.
Poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)-Coated Upconverting NaYF4:Yb,Er@NaYF4:Nd Core-Shell Nanoparticles For Fluorescent Labeling of Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Oleksa Viktoriia , Macková Hana , Engstová Hana , Patsula Vitalii , Shapoval Oleksandr , Velychkivska Nadiia , Ježek Petr , Horák Daniel
Published: August 2021

Upconverting luminescent lanthanide-doped nanoparticles (UCNP) belong to promising new materials that absorb infrared light able to penetrate in the deep tissue level, while emitting photons in the visible or ultraviolet region, which makes them favorable for bioimaging and cell labeling. Here, we have prepared upconverting NaYF4:Yb,Er@NaYF4:Nd core-shell nanoparticles, which were coated with copolymers of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) and 2-(acryloylamino)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid (AMPS) or tert-butyl [2-(acryloylamino)ethyl]carbamate (AEC-Boc) with negative or positive charges, respectively. The copolymers were synthesized by a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, reaching Mn ~11 kDa and containing ~5 mol.% of reactive groups. All copolymers contained bisphosphonate end-groups to be firmly anchored on the surface of NaYF4:Yb,Er@NaYF4:Nd core-shell nanoparticles. To compare properties of polymer coatings, poly(ethylene glycol)-coated and neat UCNP were used as a control. UCNP with various charges were then studied as labels of carcinoma cells, including human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2, human cervical cancer HeLa, and rat insulinoma INS-1E cells. All the particles proved to be biocompatible (nontoxic); depending on their ξ-potential, the ability to penetrate the cells differed. This ability together with the upconversion luminescence are basic prerequisites for application of particles in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of various tumors, where emission of nanoparticles in visible light range at ~650 nm excites photosensitizer.
Orthorexia Nervosa Risk and associated factors among Chilean nutrition students: A pilot study.
Authors: Villa Manuel , Opawsky Nicole , Manriquez Sara , Ananías Nicole , Vergara-Barra Pablo , Leonario Marcell
Published: August 2021

Background: Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is characterized by an excessive, obsessive concern with healthy eating generating psychological complications and even malnutrition at a caloric and proteinic level. Current evidence suggests that people with greater food knowledge are the most likely to be affected, placing nutrition students as a populational risk group. Since there are no nationwide studies dealing with orthorexia nervosa in this risk group, the present pilot study intends to identify risk factors for orthorexia nervosa in a sample of Nutrition and Dietetics students in Chile. Method: a descriptive cross-sectional pilot study was done on 90 Nutrition and Dietetics students at a specific school, representing 70% of its population. The ORTHO-11-ES instrument was applied to determine ON risk, along with consulting about attitudinal, physical-clinical and social variables. Association was determined in GraphPad PRISM 8.0®. This study was approved by the university Ethics Committee based on the Helsinki Declaration. Results: 23.3% of the studied population was at risk of suffering ON. Associated variables were being in the second year of their major (OR 2.22), coming from a charter school (OR 3.00) and cohabitation being limited to ≤1 person (OR 2.47). Curiously, declared physical activity limits are associated to the risk of suffering ON (Sedentary OR 2.42, Heavy OR 3.53), as well as time spent on the social network Instagram (<1 hour OR 2.77, >3 hours OR 1.80). Conclusions: There is an ON risk prevalence of 23.3% in the present pilot sample under study, indicating that years of study, cohabitation, secondary educational establishment, physical activity and Instagram use constitute associated factors for the studied condition. Some results vary from international evidence, describing a dual nature in the variables for Instagram time and declared physical activity for ON risk. This study needs replication in more representative samples and longitudinal character with control groups which can confirm the studied elements as ON risk factors.