bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Importance of leadership in the business field,with reference to case studies of effective and ineffective leaders.
Authors:   islamia university bahawalpur, Naeem Muhammad , malik Asif ,   superior university lahore
Published: June 2022

The research aims to highlight the importance of leadership in the business field, with reference to case studies of effective and ineffective leaders.The study explains the measures which makes a leader effective and helps him to lead the followers towards success. For this purpose, study includes analysis of leadership methods, being used by two famous leaders; John Legere, CEO of T Mobile and Bernard Hees, CEO of Kraft Heinz Company. There exist many theories and leadership styles which helps the leader to become effective and smart. An effective leader has good characteristic of leadership which enables him to achieve organizational objectives and goals on the right time. Furthermore, effective leadership enables the people to remain loyal to their leaders and become more productive and smart to let their leader progress. Thus, the goal of the current research is to evaluate how these leadership styles and theories makes a leader effective, and why an effective leader is important for the success of an organization.
SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS AND MITIGATION ALONG CPEC ROUTE (KKH) BY USING ROCSCIENCE SLIDE MODELING;(A CASE STUDY OF LANDSLIDE AT HUMARRI, PAKISTAN
Authors:   NUST ,Pakistan, javed Fahad , khan Inamullah
Published: June 2022

Northern Pakistan is one of the most active and dangerous geological zones on the planet. As a result, several huge landslides have occurred in the area throughout history, destroying infrastructure, blocking the Hunza River, and seriously damaging the Karakoram highway. Due to the difficult logistics and wide distances involved, despite the high frequency of large-magnitude landslides and the subsequent destruction, the whole area remains understudied. Using the Limit Equilibrium Method, this study explores the slope failure along the Hunza River (HR), Village Humarri Nagar District Upper Hunza Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan (LEM). Using Slide Rocscience programmer, the slope was fully studied for geological conditions, slope geometry, soil strength parameters, and FOS determination. Soil samples from the slope were gathered for analysis of geotechnical properties, and the slope's geometry was also analysed during the excursion. Moisture content (w) 1%, specific gravity (Gs) 2.64, unit weight (r) 19kN/m3, angle of internal friction (AIF) 30 and cohesion (c) 69 kPa are the strength parameters of the soil sample. The Humarri active landslide soil was classed as sandy silt with the group sign ML by the Unified Classification System (UCS). In Slide Rocscience programme, the FOS of the slope was calculated using LEM with the assumption of ordinary (O), Janbu (J), and Bishop (B) techniques. A set of instances were used to calculate the influence of Pore Water Pressure (PWP), Unit Weight, Cohesion, Angle of Internal Friction, and Overburden on FOS. FOS increases when cohesiveness and angle of internal friction rise; yet, FOS increases as unit weight and overburden of overlying materials grow. Furthermore, while PWP has some good effects, increasing it causes a significant decline in FOS. Because every FOS is larger than 1, the Humarri active landslide is judged to be stable in its current form based on available strength metrics and simulated slide conscience results.
EFFICIENCY OF DAIRY AND BEEF CATTLE FARMS DIFFERING IN LAND AREA SIZE
Authors: Komorowska Dorota , Stolarska Alicja
Published: June 2022

The increasing size of farms, specialisation and growing scale of production are the primary factors in the improvement of resource utilisation in agriculture. In this context, the aim of this study is to assess and compare the efficiency of resource management in farms differing in land area size and specialising in the production of milk and cattle for slaughter. This assessment was based on data from farms participating in the FADN agricultural accountancy system in 2019. The efficiency of utilised factors of production in the researched farms was evaluated based on indexes of productivity and profitability of land, labour and capital. In dairy farms, the productivity of land was considerably higher and was growing with an increase in their size, whereas in beef cattle type farms it generally deteriorated. Productivity of labour and capital was also much greater and was growing faster in dairy farms. The highest profitability of land was recorded for medium-sized farms of both production types, while the profitability of labour and capital was highest in the largest farms. It needs to be stressed that the income and economic efficiency of farms specialising in the production of cattle for slaughter are determined by financial support within the EU Common Agricultural Policy.
Bahari dan Budaya Pulau-Pulau Kecil di Gugusan Spermonde Pangkajene Kepulauan (Pangkep)
Authors: Ahmad Wais Zulqarni
Published: June 2022

Kepulauan Spermonde adalah pulau-pulau karang yang terletak di Selat Makassar. Berada di sebelah barat daya Pulau Sulawesi dan tersebar dari Kabupaten Takalar berbatasan dengan Laut Jawa hingga Kabupaten Barru di sebelah utara. Kepulauan Spermonde juga disebut sebagai Kepulauan Sangkarang.
TANPA PRIMADONA, KEPULAUAN PHI PHI TETAP MEMESONA DI THAILAND
Authors: Sofia Meisa
Published: June 2022

Kepulauan Phi Phi merupakan salah satu destinasi wisata unggulan Negara Seribu Pagoda. Letaknya berada di Laut Andaman, Provinsi Krabi. Daya tarik utama terletak pada keindahan bibir pantai dan keindahan biota laut.
Determining the Factors Affecting the Levels of Need for Public Social Assistance of Households: Insights from the District of Konyaaltı, Antalya - TURKEY
Authors: ABDOUL-AZİZE Hamidou Taffa , SAYIN Cengiz
Published: June 2022

The main purpose of the study is to determine the levels of need of the households
for public social assistance and the main factors affecting it. The study data
were collected through a face-to-face survey with the beneficiaries of public social
assistance and multinomial logistic regression model was used for data analysis.
The results revealed that the households would be needy rather than less needy
of social assistance if they receive family benefits rather than if they receive elders
and disabilities benefits, but this probability would decrease if the monthly income
of the individuals in the household increases by 1 TRY-Lira. In addition, the
households would be more likely to move to the level of “highly needy” rather than
“less in need” of social assistance if the age of the head of the household increases
by one year, the number of individuals in the household increases by one person
and if the households receive family benefits instead of elderly and disabled benefits.
The findings of study would enable policymakers to improve public social
assistance practices in Turkey.
Gambaran Kepatuhan Anak Terhadap Protokol Kesehatan dalam Menjalankan Ibadah di Era Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Delima Alifia Ayu
Published: June 2022

Tingkat penularan penyakit COVID-19 pada anak-anak di Indonesia tergolong cukup tinggi. Anak merupakan individu yang riskan dalam penularan COVID-19 karena belum terbentuknya kedewasaan berpikir mengenai bahaya penularan penyakit dan cenderung abai terhadap protokol kesehatan. Penularan COVID-19 di suatu area diawali dengan adanya imported-case, yakni penularan dari daerah lain melalui orang terinfeksi yang berkunjung ke daerah tersebut. Tempat ibadah menjadi sangat potensial untuk dikunjungi warga dari daerah luar kota, tidak terkecuali anak-anak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbandingan jumlah anak yang patuh dan tidak patuh dalam menggunakan masker, mencuci tangan, dan  menjaga jarak di tempat ibadah selama pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional deskriptif dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan accidental sampling dan didapatkan sampel sebanyak 96 orang anak. Hasil pada penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 63,5% anak memakai masker, 38,5% anak mencuci tangan, dan 9,37% anak menjaga jarak. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat penerapan protokol kesehatan pada anak saat menjalankan ibadah masih sangat rendah, terutama jaga jarak atau physical distancing.
MEDIDA PROVISÓRIA 870/2019: AMEAÇA AOS DIREITOS TERRITORIAIS QUILOMBOLAS
Authors: Amorim Liliane Pereira de , Chehab Isabelle Maria Campos Vasconcelos
Published: June 2022

O presente artigo assume como finalidade principal discorrer sobre a potencial ameaça urdida por intermédio da MP 870/2019 em relação aos direitos territoriais quilombolas. Sabe-se, que foram anos de luta do povo negro e quilombola por direito ao território, sendo este reconhecido como um direito constitucional somente na Constituição Federal de 1988, notadamente no art. 68 da ADCT- Atos das Disposições Constitucionais Transitórios. Assim, têm-se como objetivos: identificar como ocorreu a concentração de terras e a regularização fundiária no Brasil, bem como a regularização do direito territorial quilombola; analisar o texto da MP 870/2019 e seus reflexos na regularização fundiária quilombola e, por ultimo, observar que medidas como estas induzem a manutenção das estruturas dominantes de poder e o racismo.  Para a construção desse artigo, utilizou-se de procedimento metodológico por meio de levantamento bibliográfico interdisciplinar e a legislação pertinente.
POR QUE OBEDECER A LEIS INJUSTAS? – UM ESTUDO SOBRE A OBEDIÊNCIA EM THOMAS HOBBES E JOHN RAWLS
Authors: Silveira José Anchieta
Published: June 2022

Este artigo vai tecer considerações sobre o que leva os cidadãos a obedecerem a leis injustas, a partir dos argumentos teóricos dos filósofos políticos Thomas Hobbes e John Rawls. No sentido de propiciar um entendimento mais amplo sobre a temática, serão feitas discussões sobre o Estado hobbesiano, leis naturais e leis civis, o pacto entre súditos e soberanos, a obrigação de obedecer a leis justas, em que consiste a injustiça de uma lei e quando a desobediência civil se faz legitimar. O trabalho constou de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, a partir da qual procurou-se utilizar o método de análise comparativa entre pontos de vista de filósofos políticos. Concluiu-se que se uma lei advém da concordância entre soberano e comandados, através de um pacto social, ela deve ser obedecida, mesmo que alguns a considerem injusta, afinal ela foi consensuada. No entanto, se o Estado violar o pacto com leis não acordadas, os cidadãos estarão desobrigados de acatar tais determinações.
INOVAÇÃO E TECNOLOGIA NO JUDICIÁRIO
Authors: Bordoni Jovina D'Avila , Tonet Luciano
Published: June 2022

Busca-se mostrar a evolução na utilização da tecnologia dentro do Poder Judiciário, mormente os projetos relacionados à inovação e inteligência artificial. As tecnologias de informação e comunicação funcionam, em especial, a partir da internet e formam o que hoje se chama de ciberespaço, no qual o compartilhamento de informações permite influenciar decisões pessoais, econômicas, sociais e políticas. Essa nova forma de comunicação também se observa no campo de atuação do Judiciário e traz a necessidade de as atividades judiciais serem desenvolvidas com a utilização da tecnologia, o que se demonstrou de fundamental importância com a pandemia do Covid-19, no ano de 2020. Objetiva-se reconhecer as inovações, projetos de inteligência artificial e regulamentação sobre esse assunto, disponíveis e utilizados pelo Poder Judiciário. A metodologia utilizada no estudo é descritiva e analítica, desenvolvida por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Conclui-se que projetos voltados à utilização de tecnologia, especialmente, os relacionados a inteligência artificial já são uma realidade nos tribunais pátrios, bem como existem laboratórios voltados a pesquisa de soluções que buscam aperfeiçoar a gestão pública. Inova-se ainda, na normatização do uso da inteligência artificial, com a Resolução do CNJ nº 332/2020.Palavras-chave: Inovação; Tecnologia; Inteligência artificial; Poder Judiciário
Oxygen administration for the prevention of retinopathy in prematurity: knowledge and care of the nursing staff
Authors: Yacquet Clara Elena
Published: June 2022

Introduction: retinopathy of prematurity is an alteration of the blood vessels of the immature retina, which appears in premature newborns during the first weeks of life, and causes ocular alterations that partially or totally impede visual development.Objective: to analyze the relationship between the level of knowledge about oxygen administration and nursing care for the prevention of retinopathy of the premature neonate.Methods: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out between the months of July-October 2021 in the Neonatology service of a health institution of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. The sample consisted of 32 nurses. It was used as the instrument proposed by Rosales Sandoval. A set of nursing records were analyzed and a checklist was applied to determine the nursing care in the prevention of retinopathy in the premature neonate.Results: a prevalence of the female sex was evidenced with 78,1 %. The average age was 44,09 ± 13,12, with the mode at 50. 46,9 % of the respondents had a Bachelor's degree in Nursing. 43,75 % of those surveyed obtained at least 60 % of the correct answers. 68,75 % of the sample met all the indicators in the checklist of nursing records.Conclusions: In light of these results, we can affirm that the institution does not have a trained staff that allows the development of a nursing role for the prevention of retinopathy, however, the quality of the nursing records was not deficient, which that did not have a significant correlation between the level of knowledge and the quality of the records
Work fatigue and absenteeism in the nursing staff
Authors: Sulca Juan Eusebio
Published: June 2022

Introduction: nursing professionals are exposed to mental workload constantly to situations that generate burdens as a consequence of the physical, mental, emotional and economic effort of care and other sociodemographic and occupational factors.Objective: to describe the association between work fatigue and absenteeism in nursing staff of a private institution in the city of Buenos Aires.Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in a private institution of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires from February to April 2022. The sample consisted of 60 nurses, selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling. This research was developed with the application of the Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory questionnaire, contextualized and validated in Spanish.Results: the sample consisted of 65 % of the female sex. The mean age was 39,22±11,59. Of the professionals, 46,7 % had a nursing degree. In relation to absence from work during the last 12 months, this was evidenced in 56,7 % of the sample; and the average number of days of absence from work during the last 12 months was 15,85±40,63.Conclusions: is necessary to take into consideration the study of mental workload and fatigue in the nursing profession, according to the working conditions within the nursing staff
Factores psicosociales en la gestión estratégica en el personal de enfermería del Hospital Dr. Joaquín Castellanos
Authors: Cachi Norma Nancy , Valdés Rojas Juan Celestino
Published: June 2022

Resumen
Motivation and work performance in the nursing staff of a public institution of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires
Authors: Bayser Sandra Elizabeth
Published: June 2022

Introduction: motivation is an internal state that generates behaviors which trigger into actions in a specific direction and for a specific purpose.
Objective: to describe the relationship between motivation and work performance in the nursing staff of a public institution in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires.
Method: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted between November 2021 and January 2022 in nursing professionals of a public institution in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. The sample consisted of 60 nursing professionals from a public institution selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Two instruments were used: approach to motivation in three dimensions and a competency-based work performance evaluation.
Results: the sample was characterized by being mostly females aged between 34 and 53, with a professional nursing degree. The professional performance in the three dimensions was of medium level in more than 96 % of the sample studied, and it is noteworthy that there were no people with high performance. The inferential analysis between general motivation and the 3 dimensions of professional performance had a statistically significant positive correlation, so it can be stated that, in the three dimensions, the higher the general motivation, the higher the professional performance.
Conclusions: one of the most important findings is the statistically significant positive correlation between motivation and professional performance. That demonstrates the need to work on future research where intervention strategies are evaluated in order to qualitatively characterize and raise both indicators in light of the obtained results
FORM OF LEGAL PROTECTION AGAINST VICTIMS OF PHYSICAL VIOLENCE IN HOUSEHOLD IN THE CONCEPT OF CRIMINAL LAW DECISION ANALYSIS NUMBER 2192/Pid.Sus/2020/PN.Mdn
Authors: Meliana Fransisca Sembiring  , Rizal Jackson Hutasoit  , Rizki
Published: June 2022

For Indonesian people, household problems are not to be announced, so there are still many Indonesians who are reluctant to report cases of domestic violence (KDRT). People prefer to solve these problems in a familial manner. The creation of PKDRT Law Number 23 in 2004 by the Government did not make domestic violence cases shrink. Data from Komnas Perempuan shows that domestic violence cases during the pandemic increased dramatically, namely there were 319 cases of violence reported, 2/3 of which 213 cases were domestic violence cases, or 19% (2,056 cases) were cases of psychic violence. Therefore, in the future this regulation can be an instrument that can reduce the percentage of crime in the household.
Sustainable Development of Higher Education Institutions in Developing Countries: Comparative Analysis of Poland and Vietnam
Authors: Tien Nguyen Hoang , Ngoc Nguyen Minh , Trang Tran Thi Thuy , Duc Le Doan Minh , Mai Nguyen Phuong
Published: June 2022

This paper discusses sustainable development issues in the higher education sector from the value chain perspective. An adapted value chain is proposed for developing countries that would reflect the specific context of the higher education sector of Poland and Vietnam. Secondary data were collected from two universities in Poland and Vietnam to do a comparative analysis of how sustainability is integrated into the educational value chain. Our analysis shows that the two cases of Poland and Vietnam are quite different in most of the supporting and primary activities when integrating sustainability issues in the educational value chain, except for training. Then recommendations of value co-creation activities in the value chain for higher education institutions in both countries are raised towards achieving sustainable development.
The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility, Energy Consumption, Energy Import and Usages and Carbon Emission on Sustainable Economic Development: Evidence from ASEAN countries
Authors: Nguyen Tien-Dung , Ngo Quang-Thanh
Published: June 2022

Recently, sustainable economic development has become a global requirement and also has gained the attention of recent studies and policymakers nowadays. Thus, the present study has examined the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) along with renewable energy consumption, energy usage and import and carbon emission on the sustainable economic development of the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN). This study has adopted the quantitative method of data collection and used secondary data collection sources. The data has been extracted from the world development indicators (WDI) and reports published on the sustainability of the countries. This study has gathered the post-financial crisis data from 2011 to 2020. This study has executed the robust standard error and fixed effect model (FEM) to examine the relationships among variables. The results revealed that CSR, renewable energy consumption, and energy usage and import have a positive and significant associations with the sustainable economic development of the ASEAN countries. The outcomes also exposed that carbon emission has a negative but significant nexus with the sustainable economic development of the ASEAN countries. These outcomes provide the guidelines to the regulation-making authorities while formulating policies related to sustainable economic development in accordance with CSR and energy policies.
Religion als Kunst
Authors: Schmitz Bertram
Published: June 2022

How do members of different religions understand their own art? What are the statements of their religions that are expressed in the works of art - and what is the respective formal language of art that they use? This work takes us into the depths of the religions to answer these questions from the perspective of religious studies. Examples include art objects such as the dancing Shiva, the Buddha statue, the script of the Koran, the Torah scroll, African masks or the crucifix. Finally, a personal interreligious work of art on the 57th sura of the Quran shows how religious mediums of art can be dealt with constructively on a scientific basis.
Efficiency of Real-Time PCR in the Diagnosis of Community-Acquired Bacterial Meningitis in Children
Authors: RAZA Shahid , DAS Bimal , CHAUDHRY Rama , GOYAL Vinay , LODHA Rakesh , SOOD Seema , GAUTAM Hitender , KAPİL Arti
Published: June 2022

Objectives: Community-acquired bacterial meningitis (CABM) is a life-threatening condition and remains a public health concern despite various efforts to prevent it. This study aimed to detect the bacteria causing CABM in children by Real-Time PCR. Methods: In total, 178 Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from suspected meningitis cases were collected and subjected to cell count, biochemical, microbiological, and molecular analysis. Bacteria grown on blood and chocolate agar were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). DNA from CSF was extracted and used to detect bacteria by Real-Time PCR using TaqMan Probe. Results: Fifty (28.09%) patients were diagnosed with confirmed meningitis. Of them, 46 (25.84%) were Real-Time PCR, and four (2.25%) were culture and Real-Time PCR positive. Out of 50 bacteria detected, S. pneumoniae (n=35, 19.7%) was the leading causative bacteria and was followed by H. influenzae (seven, 3.93%), E. coli (five, 2.80%), S. agalactiae (two, 1.12%), and N. meningitidis (one, 0.56%). Most of the S. pneumoniae (18 isolates, 51.4%) were isolated from 3-24 months of children, and in neonates, E. coli was the predominant bacteria. When CSF culture was the gold standard for diagnosis, the sensitivity and specificity of Real-Time PCR for S. pneumoniae were 100% (95%CI: 15.81-100%) and 81.25% (95%CI: 74.69-86.73%), respectively. Conclusion: Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the leading organism of CABM in children despite vaccination and advancement in diagnosis. Real-time PCR has emerged as a vibrant diagnostic molecular appliance. Hence, Regular surveillance is crucial to curb the burdens and trends of CABM in children.
Occupational risk reduction by acetone substitution in particle board surface cleaning
Authors: Oržekauskaitė Austėja , Kruopienė Jolita
Published: June 2022

The Lithuanian wood industry covers three main sectors: wood processing, paper industry, and furniture production. The wood processing sector also includes the production of particle board. Technological developments have led to more intensive use of various additives – chemicals. To avoid the risks related to the impact of chemicals on human health and the environment, companies must comply with legal requirements and seek to replace the hazardous chemicals used in their processes. Substances must be replaced with less hazardous or harmless alternatives. In order to find out whether the options chosen are better, an assessment of the alternatives must be carried out. The present study includes the assessment of sustainability, targeted risk assessment for exposure of workers to chemicals, consumers, and the environment, and work risk assessments. The analysis of chemical products used in the production of particle board has shown that they contain ingredients with toxic, carcinogenic, and other properties hazardous to human health and the environment, and should therefore be substituted. After analysing the market for chemicals used in the wooden furniture industry, four potential alternative products were identified to one of the hazardous mixtures, and then the alternatives were assessed in terms of human health and environmental risks. The most suitable alternative was LPZ/II. Benefits of the proposed alternative for the company consist in the elimination of the mixture containing acetone and reduction of the risk to workers.
SIMULATION OF THE LEVEL OF PREPAREDNESS IN A FUTURE NATURAL DISASTER. CASE STUDY FILOMENA
Authors: CARO CARRETERO RAQUEL , GARCIA JIMENEZ FERNANDO
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT:
Disaster risk is a social process characterized by the coincidence, at the same time and place, of potentially dangerous physical phenomena and socioeconomic elements exposed to these phenomena in a condition of vulnerability. Therefore, forces derived from society and nature are at work in determining the existence of risk and its levels. Neither of these two elements are stable or permanent over time. They undergo continuous changes and variations. In this sense, this work presents a system dynamics simulation model of the degree of preparedness in the disaster risk management process at the level of an autonomous community. All this with the aim of raising awareness of the problematic of the social and economic impact of this type of physical phenomena. This model is applied to the context of the Filomena storm (natural disaster that took place in Spain on January 7, 2021) in order to validate its usefulness in a real case study. The model is implemented in two simulations and results are compared. In the first simulation, actual data associated with the policies, reports and descriptions of the community of Madrid during the 120 days prior to the event are introduced according to certain variables within the Sendai risk reduction framework (forecast errors, available information, CO2 emissions, recycling and commodity index prices). With that, the value " of the "Degree of Preparedness" achieved by the capital before the storm is obtained. In the second simulation, these input variables of the model are modified to analyze the effect it would have had on the "Degree of Preparedness".
Key Words: Simulation, Vensim, Risk Management, Storm Filomena, Natural Disasters.
Forside
Authors: Redaktion
Published: June 2022

Forside
Udstigere, akrobatik og træningsprogrammer: Om sproglig fremmedgørelse og erkendelsesmæssige gevinster
Authors: Mortensen Mette Bjerregaard
Published: June 2022

Artiklen diskuterer udvalgte temaer fra Peter Sloterdijks bog fra 2009, Du musst dein Leben ändern. Artiklens primære fokus er Sloterdijks insisteren på askese i betydningen ‘træning’ som et afgørende kultur- og religionshistorisk fænomen. Særligt fokuserer artiklen på det originale, om end fremmedgørende, sprogbrug, hvormed Sloterdijk præsenterer sine iagttagelser, og den indledningsvist mystificerende virkning, det har på læseren, men også på de mulige erkendelsesmæssige gevinster, der ligger i den særlige sloterdijske terminologi: Med sine omkodninger (askese som træning) og omkategoriseringer (religioner og kulturer som henholdsvis træningsprogrammer og immunsystemer) peger Sloterdijk på noget essentielt ved de religiøse nybrud, der finder sted i aksetiden: de aksiale religionsformer er først og fremmest læringsprogrammer, der sigter mod kontinuerlig forbedring, men hvis konstante udfordring det er at fastholde deres tilhængere. Følgelig ligger fokus primært på bevidsthedsindhold og kultiveringen af ‘det rette sindelag’ gennem træning.
Forskningshistoriske vaccinationsprogrammer: En videnskabsimmunologi (og en hyldest til ‘Grand Theorizing’ à la Hans Jørgen Lundager Jensen)
Authors: Sørensen Jesper Frøkjær
Published: June 2022

Religionsvidenskaben karakteriseres ofte som udspændt mellem centrifugale kræfter, der udgøres af de filologisk forankrede specialestudier af bestemte religiøse traditioner, og den centripetale kraft, der udgøres af fænomenologiens etablering af en formlære, som beskriver religiøse fænomener uafhængigt af deres historiske manifestationer. I dette essay præsenterer jeg en alternativ karakteristik: Inspireret af den tyske filosof Peter Sloterdijks kulturimmunologi, foreslår jeg, at vi forstår videnskabelige discipliner som sociale interaktionssfærer defineret af en immungrænse. På baggrund af fremskridt i teoretisk biologi, kan disse sociale interaktionssfærer forstås som adaptive systemer, der konstant tilpasser deres grænser til omgivelserne samtidig med, at de opretholder deres sammenhængskraft gennem immuniserings-strategier. Religionsvidenskabens immunsystem består primært af den konstante genlæsning, genfortolkning og kritik af de modeller og begreber, der danner sfærens skelet. Forskningshistorien udgør et vaccinationsprogram, der på én gang holder nutidens begrebsberedskab spændstigt og toptrænet og forhindrer såvel faglig forkalkning som disciplinens sammenbrud på grund af en fjendtlig overtagelse.
Effect of supplying effective microbes on carcass characteristics of Washera sheep fed wheat straw
Authors: Agidew Ayalew Fekadie , Wondimie Addisu Abera , Mengistu Chalachew Yitbarek
Published: June 2022

The carcass characteristics of intact male Washera sheep which received wheat straw treated with different proportion of effective microbes (EM) were evaluated in this study. Twenty four vaccinated experimental sheep with initial body weight of 19.78 ± 1.97 kg (mean ± SD) were assigned into six blocks of four animals and randomly distributed to four treatments: ad libitum EM free wheat straw with concentrate feed (T1), ad libitum wheat straw treated by 1% EM with concentrate feed (T2), 3% EM with concentrate feed (T3), and 5% EM with concentrate feed (T4) of total dry matter. The experiment consisted of 90 days of feeding trial followed by carcass parameters evaluation. The slaughter body weight, empty body weight, hot carcass weight, and rib eye muscle area were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in sheep in T1 than sheep in T4. Sheep in T4 has significantly higher (p < 0.05) dressing percentage on both empty body weight and slaughter body weight basis than sheep in T1. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in head, tongue, heart, and liver among treatments, but sheep in T4 had significantly higher (p < 0.05) kidney and kidney fat than sheep that received T1.
Pollen transfer and patterns of reproductive success in pure and mixed populations of nectariferousPlatanthera bifoliaandP. chlorantha(Orchidaceae)
Authors: Brzosko Emilia , Frąckiel Krzysztof , Jermakowicz Edyta , Mirski Paweł , Ostrowiecka Beata , Tałałaj Izabela
Published: June 2022

Plant species evolution is driven by many factors that have different roles in space and time. Using different field and laboratory methods, we studied reproductive patterns and their determinants in pure and mixedP. bifoliaandP. chloranthapopulations in different habitats. We also considered the probability of hybridisation between these two species and the role of intra-population processes in maintaining species integrity. Generally, we found a high level of reproductive success in both Platantherans. In both species, male (MRS) and female (FRS) reproductive success depended on floral display, and male reproductive success additionally on population structure. The flower traits were only weakly related to reproductive success. Moths’ assemblages varied spatially and temporally, and their diversity and numbers were correlated with MRS in the year, when their abundance was markedly lower. Analysis of patterns of pollen transfer showed that pollen was transported up to 25 m (average 8.2 ± 4.83 m) and showed gene exchange between these twoPlatantheraspecies. The germination level of both species was significantly lower than seed viability, althoughP. bifoliaseed germinated with higher frequency thanP. chloranthaseeds. We noted differences in viability and germination of seeds developed as an effect of experimental interspecies crossings and those developed from natural pollination. The presence of intermediate ecotypes together with observations of spontaneous interspecies crosses in the field and viability of seeds produced in interspecies crossing suggest that both pre- and postzygotic reproductive barriers are not complete and do not prevent hybrid production.
Factors that influence Cape fur seal predation on Cape gannets at Lambert’s Bay, South Africa
Authors: Strydom Zanri , Waller Lauren J. , Brown Mark , Fritz Hervé , Shaw Kevin , Venter Jan A.
Published: June 2022

Seabird populations experience predation that can impact their breeding density and breeding success. The Cape gannetMorus capensisis endemic to the Benguela upwelling ecosystem and is classified as Endangered by the IUCN. They are affected by several threats, including predation by the Cape fur sealArctocephalus pusillus pusillus. Many fledglings succumb to predation during their maiden flight across waters around the island. To curb predation, the selective culling of individual predatory seals was implemented in 2014, 2015, and 2018. Our first study objective was to determine if selective culling of Cape fur seals significantly reduced predation probability on Cape gannets. We tested whether predation probability in 2014, 2015, and 2018 was affected by fish biomass, gannet fledgling numbers, and/or the presence/absence of selective culling. Our second objective was to determine what led to fluctuations in Cape fur seal predation on Cape gannet fledglings between 2007 and 2018. We tested whether fish biomass and the amount of Cape gannet fledglings in the water affected predation probability on the fledglings. Results indicated that selective culling reduced predation within years. We found that with both increased fledgling numbers and increased fish biomass, seal predation probability was reduced. This suggests that a sustainable way to promote the conservation of Cape gannets would be to increase food availability for both the Cape fur seals and Cape gannets. Our findings, collectively with the global trend of the declining Cape gannet population and their endemism, provide reasons advocating for the conservation of the food resources of both the Cape fur seal and the Cape gannet in the Benguela system.
Effect of Oil Pulling on pH, Buffering Capacity and Total Antioxidant Capacity of Saliva in Children: A Randomised Control Study
Authors: Peedikayil Faizal C , Diwakar Neethu , Chandru TPremkumar , Kottayi Soni , Vardhanan YShibu , Narasimhan Dhanesh
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Saliva is emerging as a diagnostic tool in the field of dentistry. The changes in salivary composition, its physical and chemical properties determine the state of both oral and general health. Chemical plaque control measures improve oral health, by effectively controlling the microbial load in the dental plaque and these agents are thought to alter the properties of saliva. Oil pulling with edible oils has proved to be an adjunct to routine oral hygiene methods to improve oral health. Aim: To evaluate and compare the effect of oil pulling therapy with sesame oil and virgin coconut oil with Chlorhexidine (CHX) gargling and plain water gargling on pH, buffering capacity, and total antioxidant capacity of saliva. Materials and Methods: A four armed randomised controlled study was conducted in 80 female children in the age group of 12-14 years from July 2019 to December 2019 in Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Kannur Dental College, Anjarakandy, Kannur, Kerala, India. Children with mild to moderate gingivitis were selected and assigned into four groups to use different types of mouth rinsing (Group A: chlorhexidine, Group B: sesame oil , Group C: virgin coconut oil and Group D: plain water as control) for one month. Unstimulated whole saliva, collected from these participants were evaluated for the changes in pH, buffering capacity and total antioxidant capacity, at baseline and at 30 days. The data were tabulated and statistical analysis was done using ANOVA (Post-hoc), followed by Dunnet t-test, using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 25.0 version. Tukey post-hoc test was done to identify the significant pairs. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 13.4 years. Intragroup comparisons showed there were statistically significant changes in the baseline to 30th day values of gingival index, values, antioxidant capacity and buffering capacity for all the experimental groups (p<0.05). Coconut oil pulling (p=0.0345) and sesame oil pulling (p=0.026) and CHX gargling (p=0.045) showed statistically significant changes in salivary buffering capacity when compared to the control. On intergroup comparisons of experimental groups, there was no statistical difference in antioxidant capacity, salivary buffering capacity and pH of the saliva (p>0.05). Conclusion: Oil pulling with coconut oil and sesame oil had equal effectiveness as CHX on the antioxidant capacity and buffering capacity of saliva.
Mushroom Cultivation for Increasing Income and Sustainable Development of Small and Marginal Farmers
Authors: Chand Satish , Singh Bihari
Published: June 2022

A mushroom is the fleshy and spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus and belongs to the class Basidiomycetes. Mushroom cultivation is a low-cost, high-return activity that has proven to be an additional source of income. Because the vegetarian population in our country's urban centers has adopted mushrooms in their diet due to their nutritious worth, mushroom producers in nearby rural areas have an excellent market for selling their products quickly and at a reasonable price. As a result, the mushroom benefits both producers and consumers, earning it the title of super food.  Mushroom production can also be used to empower rural people, offer additional income for agricultural families, and address the issue of rural people's nutritional needs. Rural unemployed people are the most productive workforce in the economy, necessitating efforts to enhance and strengthen their socioeconomic condition. Mushroom farming all year can produce revenue from the sale of spawns as well as the sale of fresh mushrooms in a sustainable manner by using farm by-products as a raw material.
Comparative Study of Arjun Twak Lepa and Arjun Twak Kukkutand Pottali in Management of Vyanga with Special Reference to Melasma: An Update
Authors: Shelotkar Priyanka , Parwe Shweta , Borage Swapnil
Published: June 2022

Background: Hyperpigmentation is a darkening of the skin caused by an excess of the pigment melanin in the skin. Healthy and glowing facial skin enhances a person's beauty and self-confidence. Vyanga is a Kshrudraroga with the facial features of Niruja (painless) and Shavavarna Mandalas (bluish-brownish patches). Melasma, a hyper pigmented disorder with similar clinical features, can be compared to it. When applied locally, whole raw egg/egg yolk alone or with herbs has shown to be very effective in tightening skin, improving complexion, and healing skin disorders. In the current study, an egg is combined with Arjun Twak Churna (Fine powder made of skin of Terminalia Arjun) in pottali (poultice) in the experimental group to improve Vyanga management. Aim of the study was to study Arjun Twak Kukkutand Pottali's effect on MASI (Melasma Area Severity Index). MASI of the patients was investigated, and the effects of Arjun Twak Kukkutand Pottali and Arjun Twak Lepa on MASI were compared.

Methodology: A total of 44 patients were enrolled in the study (22 in each group). Arjun Twak Lepa was given to the control group for local use for 21 days. Arjun Twak Kukkutand Pottali was provided for local application for 21 days in the experimental group. On the 0th and 21st days, the assessment was completed.

Results: Positive Changes were seen in eight subjective and objective parameters, out of ten. Conclusion: Arjun Twak Kukkutand Pottali performed better in reducing MSI (Melasma Severity Index).
Fluxo de exportações do estado do Ceará entre 1997-2009: uma análise a partir dos vetores autorregressivos
Authors: Pereira Antônio Bruno Mota , Justo Wellington Ribeiro , Leite Áydano Ribeiro
Published: June 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o fluxo de exportações do estado do Ceará no período compreendido entre os anos de 1997 a 2009 através dos Vetores Autorregressivos. Os resultados mostram que o setor exportador cearense possui uma grande capacidade de recuperação a curtíssimo prazo de choques provenientes de mudanças na conjuntura econômica internacional, levando em torno de seis a sete meses para re- tornar ao equilíbrio original após um choque. Ademais, a velocidade de recuperação do setor exportador da economia cearense deve-se ao fato de que a pauta exportadora do estado é predominantemente composta por bens de consumo não duráveis que, por natureza, apresentam demanda inelástica, corroborando assim, na formação de um “colchão” anticíclico para o setor devido à menor perda de receitas em tempos de crise, em contraposição ao que ocorria em períodos passados.
Transformações estruturais, (des)concentração espacial e inserção internacional: uma análise para a economia baiana com base na teoria da base produtiva
Authors: Lacerda Fernanda Calasans Costa , Pessoti Gustavo Casseb , Jesus Josias Alves
Published: June 2022

Este artigo analisa a dinâmica econômica dos trinta maio- res municípios exportadores do estado da Bahia, com destaque para as externalidades geradas pelas suas exportações sobre a participação no Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) do estado e a geração de empregos formais. O objetivo geral do trabalho é investigar a capacidade do setor externo de afetar positivamente o crescimento econômico municipal, fundamentando- -se nas formulações teóricas do pensamento econômico da Cepal e da Teoria da Base Exportadora. Adicionalmente, busca examinar o efeito do incremento das exportações dos municípios selecionados na configuração econômico-espacial da Bahia, caracterizada por elevada concentração territorial e setorial. A análise foi realizada com base nos dados municipais relativos ao comércio externo, à atividade econômica e ao mercado de trabalho, disponibilizados por órgãos federais e estaduais, referentes ao período 2000-2012. Os resultados revelam que os municípios exportado- res conseguiram ampliar a sua participação no PIB estadual, contribuindo para reduzir a concentração econômico-espacial em torno da Região Metropolitana de Salvador. Além disso, foi possível constatar, através do multiplicador de emprego, que o setor externo produz impacto positivo na geração de emprego formal nesses municípios.
A necessidade de reforma do Sistema Monetário Internacional
Authors: Ferrari-Filho Fernando
Published: June 2022

O artigo inicialmente analisa as origens, as consequências e as lições da crise financeira internacional. Em seguida, são apresentadas as visões convencionais e heterodoxas sobre crises cambiais e financeiras. Por fim, após uma breve survey sobre as principais propostas teóricas de reestruturação do Sistema Monetário Internacional (SMI), é apresentada a proposição pós-keynesiana do SMI para prevenir crises cambiais e financeiras internacionais.
Integração Econômica e Política de Desenvolvimento Territorial: o caso do Estado da Bahia (Brasil) na América do Sul
Authors: Cerqueira Melo Marta , De Souza Nilson Araújo
Published: June 2022

Neste trabalho, buscamos perceber o cenário da integração econômica da América do Sul através das formas de territorialização da Iniciativa para a Integração da Infraestrutura Regional Sul-Americana (IIRSA) no contexto de instituição da Política de Desenvolvimento Territorial do Estado da Bahia, no Brasil. Adotando um enfoque espacial, ressaltando as contribuições da categoria território na análise de projetos e processos multiescalares – notadamente megaprojetos (ou megaempreendimentos) dirigidos à promoção do desenvolvimento local e/ou regional –, examinaremos o caso do Território de Identidade Litoral Sul e, nele, o projeto Complexo Porto Sul/FIOL. A conclusão é a de que o diagnóstico territorial de Estado na Bahia, por não tratar suficientemente a questão (da reforma) agrária no seu escopo, deixa escapar, potencializando, conflitividades e desigualdades constituintes deste mesmo território. Neste começo do século XXI, o padrão exportador de especialização produtiva é reafirmado e elevado aí a um novo patamar, como efeito da captura do Estado pela ideologia (novo) desenvolvimentista e a criação, a seu serviço, de novas infraestruturas, acirrando contradições e potencializando nesse contexto os conflitos pelo controle e regulação dos territórios, assim como pelos diversos usos deles feitos pelos povos e grupos sociais que lhes habitam.
A economia brasileira sob o olhar da ciência, tecnologia e inovação: cinquenta anos da política científica e tecnológica (1964 – 2014)
Authors: Silva Dayanne Santos , Santana José Ricardo
Published: June 2022

O Sistema Nacional de Inovação é tido como chave para o desenvolvimento econômico, por meio de políticas públicas e diversos agentes que o compõe. Portanto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a economia brasileira, com foco na trajetória da política científica e tecnológica, especialmente no período que inicia no Regime Militar ao primeiro mandato do Governo Dilma e por fim, levantar informações acerca das questões regionais voltadas a Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação no Brasil. O estudo mostra que as instituições e políticas brasileiras voltadas ao desenvolvimento da Ciência e Tecnologia possuem caráter tardio, com efetivo início no Regime Militar, oscilações nos posteriores governos e intensificação da consolidação nos governos de Lula e Dilma. No tocante a questão regional, a Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação brasileira possui grande concentração e elevadas disparidades regionais, consequência de uma herança que advém de todo o sistema econômico.
A evolução da desindustrialização no Brasil
Authors: Silva Thaiane Lorena Nascimento , Guerato Denisia Araujo Chagas
Published: June 2022

Este trabalho objetiva examinar o processo de desindustrialização no Brasil a partir dos anos 2000. Para tanto, foi abordado na revisão da literatura o processo de desindustrialização, a partir do seu conceito, causas e consequências econômicas. Em seguida, foram analisados dados secundários em fontes como IBGE, Ministério do Trabalho e Ministério da Indústria, Comércio e Serviços. O presente estudo revelou a existência do fenômeno da desindustrialização, uma vez que a participação do emprego formal da indústria de transformação no emprego total reduziu 9,9% entre 1985-2016, bem como a indústria de transformação cujas atividades de baixa e baixa-média tecnologia diminuíram participação em 8,29% no emprego total da indústria de transformação entre 2000 e 2015. Além da redução da relação VTI/VBPI e da participação do valor adicionado da indústria de transformação sobre o PIB, bem como do desempenho ruim do comércio exterior de produtos manufaturados.