bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Hearing Aid Directionality and Remote Microphone on Speech Intelligibility in Complex Listening Situations
Authors: Wagener Kirsten C. , Vormann Matthias , Latzel Matthias , Mülder Hans E.
Published: October 2018

Remote microphones (RMs) have been developed to support hearing aid (HA) users in understanding distant talkers. In traditional clinical applications, a drawback of these systems is the deteriorated speech intelligibility in the near field. This study investigates advantages and disadvantages of clinical RM usage and the effects of different directionality settings of the HAs in complex listening situations in the laboratory. Speech intelligibility was investigated in 15 experienced severely hearing impaired participants in a noisy environment using a dual-task test paradigm where the tasks were presented from either a near field or a far field loudspeaker. Primary and secondary tasks were presented simultaneously so attention had to be shared on both tasks. In a second experiment, two speech intelligibility tests were presented from either the near field or the far field loudspeaker. The tests were interleaved to simulate a complex listening situation with shifting attention. Directional HA microphones yielded better performance than omnidirectional microphones (both combined with a RM) in near field when analyzing both tasks of the dual-task experiment separately. Furthermore, the integrated dual-task test results showed better performance with directional HA microphones compared with the omnidirectional setting (both cases in combination with a RM). These findings were confirmed by the results of the interleaved speech intelligibility test.
Cigarettes, E-cigarettes, and Adolescents’ Oral Health: Findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study
Authors: Akinkugbe A.A.
Published: October 2018

Introduction:

Adolescents are a population group that actively uses tobacco products; however, limited reports are available on the effects of tobacco products on adolescents’ oral health.

Objectives:

This study investigated associations between self-reported use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes on the oral health status of a representative sample of US adolescents.

Methods:

Data came from 13,650 adolescents aged 12 to 17 y who participated in the 2013–2014 wave of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study. Participants self-reported current use (i.e., past 30 d) and ever use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes, as well as past-year diagnoses with dental problems by a doctor, dentist, or other health professional (self-reported by parent or emancipated youth). Survey-adjusted logistic regression was used to estimate prevalence odds ratios (PORs) and 95% CIs.

Results:

The proportion of adolescents who self-reported current use of only cigarettes was 3.2%, while 1.7% reported current use of only e-cigarettes. Similarly, 1.4% reported current use of both cigarettes and e-cigarettes, while 7.1% reported ever use of both. About 22% self-reported a provider diagnosis with dental problems in the past year. The covariate-adjusted associations between current cigarette and e-cigarette use on self-reported provider-diagnosed dental problems in the past year were, respectively, POR = 1.50 (95% CI, 1.18 to 1.90) and POR = 1.11 (95% CI, 0.79 to 1.55), while self-reported current use of both was associated with POR = 1.72 (95% CI, 1.24 to 2.38). Ever use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes was likewise associated with increased prevalence odds of self-reported past-year diagnosis with dental problems, although to a lesser magnitude.

Conclusion:

Findings suggest that dual use of e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes is associated with poor oral health outcomes among adolescents. However, studies of a longitudinal nature are needed to confirm these findings.

Knowledge Transfer Statement:

The results of this study are relevant to public health and oral health practitioners seeking to intervene during developmental periods in which adolescents may have access to tobacco products in the home and in social settings.
Improving the ACGIH threshold limit value (TLV) process
Authors: Smith Carr J , Perfetti Thomas A
Published: October 2018

The intent of this manuscript is to elucidate needed improvements in American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) threshold limit value (TLV) deliberations. More broadly, irreproducibility and bias adversely impact the collection, interpretation, statistical analysis, presentation, and reporting of results in many fields. In 2012, Begley and Ellis reported that scientists at Amgen had attempted to confirm published findings related to research topics of possible interest to Amgen. Fifty-three papers were deemed “landmark” studies. The authors were “shocked” when scientific findings were confirmed in only 6 (11%) cases. Many studies have confirmed that the peer-reviewed literature in biomedicine is in the midst of an irreproducibility crisis. Compounding the irreproducibility crisis is the existence of a significant bias against the publication of negative results. In the toxicology setting, negative toxicity test results are infrequently published as compared with reports that a chemical possesses a particular toxicity in a given test. Despite these deficiencies, the ACGIH states that “…the TLV®-CS Committee preferably relies on published, peer reviewed literature available in the public domain.” The primarily academic studies published in the peer-reviewed literature upon which ACGIH relies to determine TLVs rarely report raw data not already statistically transformed that are thus incalculable. In contrast, consideration of unpublished studies funded by industry, the vast majority of which are good laboratory practice-conducted contract lab studies, is only acceptable to ACGIH if the data owner provides the raw data to third parties upon request. This asymmetry in both the source of data emphasized, and inability to independently statistically analyze findings reported in the published academic literature, introduces a strong skew toward reliance on unverifiable although published measurements in the TLV process. Since Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) recommends that workplaces rely on ACGIH TLVs and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommended exposure limits rather than older OSHA permissible exposure limit values to optimize worker safety, ACGIH should adopt a more transparent and science-based process.
Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomographic Imaging During Internal Limiting Membrane Retracting-Door Technique for Macular Hole
Authors: Kubo Saeko , Inoue Makoto , Mahmoud Tamer H. , Kato Yu , Hirakata Akito
Published: October 2018

A 44-year-old man noticed a reduction in his vision that our examination showed was due to a myopic macular hole. The internal limiting membrane (ILM) retracting-door technique was used to successfully close the macular hole. A large flap of the ILM was created on the nasal side of the macular hole with the ILM forceps, and it was carried temporally over the macular hole. Unfortunately, the ILM flap shrank and wadded due to contraction of an epiretinal membrane (ERM). Viscoelastic material was injected onto the ILM flap to stabilize it and draped back to cover the macular hole, which was confirmed by intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT). The macular hole was observed to be closed postoperatively, and it was covered with an ERM that gave it a cellophane-like macular reflex. We conclude that iOCT can be helpful in performing the ILM retracting-door technique in complicated cases to control the position of the temporally hinged ILM flap covering a macular hole and also to monitor its position.
Eight-Patient Case Series of Palmoplantar Pustulosis Treated Successfully With Apremilast
Authors: Mikhailitchenko Amy L. , Crowley Erika L. , Gooderham Melinda J.
Published: October 2018

Background:

Palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by sterile pustules, erythema, and scaling on the palms or soles of the feet. Apremilast is a systemic agent that inhibits phosphodiesterase 4 and is approved for the treatment of plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.

Objective:

To demonstrate the safety and efficacy of apremilast use in a small patient population with PPP.

Methods:

A retrospective review of medical charts between September 2008 and October 2017 identified 8 patients diagnosed with PPP and treated with apremilast; relevant literature was also reviewed.

Results:

The patient population was primarily female (3:1 female to male ratio), had comorbidities, and ranged in age from 39 to 66 years. Traditional PPP therapies were first attempted with limited or failure of response. All 8 patients responded to apremilast and currently remain on apremilast therapy ranging from 4 to 30 months of duration. Apremilast was effective either as monotherapy or in combination with ustekinumab or methotrexate. Minimal side effects were noted.

Conclusions:

This retrospective review demonstrates the potential for apremilast as a suitable systemic treatment option for PPP when conventional therapies fail or are contraindicated. Other studies have found similar results. Additional case series with larger patient populations or formal clinical trials would provide more definitive conclusions on the usefulness of apremilast in PPP.
Fingernail Involvement is a Bigger Burden Than Face and Scalp Involvement in Patients With Psoriasis
Authors: Ohata Chika , Ohyama Bungo , Kuwahara Fumi , Katayama Eri , Nakama Takekuni
Published: October 2018

Background:

Psoriasis can cause considerable emotional distress. There are a small amount of data regarding this subject.

Objective:

To evaluate distress in patients with psoriasis.

Methods:

We studied the impact of scalp, face, and fingernail involvement in 118 patients with psoriasis between October 2017 and March 2018 in Kurume University Hospital using Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI).

Results:

Dermatology Life Quality Index was significantly higher in patients with scalp, face, and fingernail involvement. Psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) was significantly higher in those with scalp and face involvement; however, no significant difference was found in the PASI of the patients with and without fingernail involvement. In the subcohorts with low PASI, there was no significant difference of DLQI between patients with and without scalp and face involvement; however, DLQI in patients with fingernail involvement was significantly higher than that in those without nail involvement.

Conclusion:

Fingernail involvement is a big burden even in patients with mild psoriasis.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Alpha-synuclein overexpression in the olfactory bulb initiates prodromal symptoms and pathology of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Niu Haichen , Shen Lingyu , Li Tongzhou , Ren Chao , Ding Sheng , Wang Lei , Zhang Zhonghai , Liu Xiaoyu , Zhang Qiang , Geng Deqin , Wu Xiujuan , Li Haiying
Published: October 2018

Background

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by intraneuronal Lewy Body (LB) aggregates composed of misfolded alpha-synuclein (α-syn). The spread of misfolded α-syn follows a typical pattern: starting in the olfactory bulb (OB) and the gut, this pathology is followed by the progressive invasion of misfolded α-syn to the posterior part of the brain. It is unknown whether the administration of human mutant alpha-synuclein (hm-α-syn, a human mutation which occurs in familial PD) into the OB of rats would trigger similar α-syn propagation and subsequently cause pathological changes in broader brain fields associated to PD and establish an animal model of prodromal PD.

Methods

hm-α-syn was overexpressed in the OB of rats with an AAV injection. Then motor and non-motor symptoms of the SD rats were tested in different behavioral tasks following the AAV injection. In follow-up studies, pathological mechanisms of α-syn spread were explored at the histological, biochemical and micro-structure levels.

Results

The experimental results indicated that hm-α-syn was overexpressed in the OB 3 weeks after the AAV injection. 1) overexpression of the Hm-α-syn in the OB by the AAV injection could transfer to wider adjacent fields beyond the monosynaptic scope. 2) The number of tyrosine hydroxylase positive cells body and fibers was decreased in the substantia nigra (SN) 12 weeks after AAV injection. This was consistent with decreased levels of the DA neurotransmitter. Importantly, behavioral dysfunctions were found that included olfactory impairment after 3 weeks, motor ability impairment and decreased muscular coordination on a rotarod 6 weeks after the AAV injection.3) The morphological level studies found that the Golgi staining revealed the number of neuronal branches and synapses in the OB, prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (Hip) and striatum caudate putamen (CPU) were decreased. 4) phosphorylated α-syn, at Ser-129 (pSer129), was found to be increased in hm-α-syn injected animals in comparison to controls that overexpressed GFP alone, which was also found in the most of LB stained by the thioflavine S (ThS) in the SN field. 5) A marker of autophagy (LC3B) was increased in serval fields, which was colacolizated with a marker of apoptosis in the SN field.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate that expression of exogenous mutant α-syn in the OB induces pathological changes in the sensitive brain fields by transferring pathogenic α-syn to adjacent fields. This method may be useful for establishing an animal model of prodromal PD.
Word to the mother(tongue): language access and Medicaid for Limited English Proficient migrants
Authors: Liou Wayne
Published: October 2018

Limited language proficiency among migrants has been shown to limit migrants from various aspects of everyday life, from the labor market to government services. In the USA, language access laws have been enacted to help provide Limited English Proficient (LEP) individuals and households access to public benefits. The most extensive efforts in language access are in health care, with numerous states requiring Medicaid agencies to provide interpreters or translated documents. In this paper, I take advantage of heterogeneity in state-level language access laws to examine whether these efforts do indeed increase Medicaid take-up rates. I find that language access improves Medicaid take-up rates among LEP migrants without crowding out private health insurance; in fact, private health insurance coverage improves with the enactment of language access laws. There is some variation in efficacy across states, with some evidence that California and New York are the main drivers of the increased take-up rates. Lastly, I find that even though many of the language access laws primarily target Spanish speakers, the laws might not be as helpful to Spanish-speaking migrants.
Makers and Keepers of Networks: Amerindian Spaces, Migrations, and Exchanges in the Brazilian Amazon and French Guiana, 1600–1730
Authors: Espelt-Bombin Silvia
Published: October 2018

This article focuses on the geographical space between the Amazon delta and the Maroni River (nowadays Brazilian Amapá and French Guiana) in 1600–1730. An imperial frontier between France and Portugal South American possessions, it has been conceptualized as a refuge zone for Amerindians fleeing European colonization. On the contrary, this article argues that the migrations and movements of people toward and within this Amerindian space have to be understood as a continuation of a pre-European set of indigenous networks. Through the reconstruction of multilingual and multiethnic networks, this article brings to light connections and exchanges that make of this space an Amerindian center as well as a European frontier. It analyzes conflicts, gatherings, celebrations, migrations, and alliances between European and Amerindian groups, including the Aruã, Maraon, Arikaré, Palikur, and Galibi. Rather than a refuge zone, this space remained central to Amerindian life and to the upholding of indigenous autonomy due to the maintenance of inter- and intra-ethnic connections and the regular use of routes across this space.
Relationship between Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans in early childhood caries, evaluated by quantitative PCR
Authors: Bachtiar Endang W. , Bachtiar Boy M.
Published: October 2018

Background:The aim of this study was to analyze the synergistic relationship betweenCandida albicansandStreptococcus mutansin children with early childhood caries (ECC) experience.

Methods:Dental plaque and unstimulated saliva samples were taken from 30 subjects aged 3-5 years old, half with (n=15, dmft > 4) and half without (n=15) ECC. The abundance ofC. albicansandS. mutansand relative to total bacteria load were quantify by real-time PCR (qPCR). This method was also employed to investigate the mRNA expression of glycosyltransferase (gtfB) gene in dental plaque. Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation were used to perform statistical analysis.

Results:Within the ECC group, the quantity of both microorganisms were higher in the saliva than in dental plaque. The ratio ofC. albicansto total bacteria was higher in saliva than in plaque samples (p < 0.05). We observed the opposite forS. mutans(p < 0.05). The different value ofC. albicansandS. mutansin saliva was positively correlated, and negatively correlated in dental plaque. Transcription level ofS. mutans gtfBshowed a positive correlation withC. albicansconcentration in dental plaque. 

Conclusion:C. albicanshas a positive correlation with cariogenic traits ofS. mutansin ECC-related biofilm of young children.
Preface
Authors: Kaarma Helje
Published: October 2018

Preface
Constitutional differences between Muay Thai fighters from Thailand and from Germany
Authors: Krick Christoph , Raschka Christoph
Published: October 2018

The aim of the following study is to present the body composition of male Muay Thai fighters that were measured in Thailand and in Germany. As a control group, German college students were also measured.

The three groups were separated into five different groups: experienced and inexperienced. Muay Thai fighters from Thailand were not separated since they were much more experienced, more advanced, than their German counterparts.

Experienced and inexperienced were defined by the amount of training that each fighter conducted every week: Training of less than three times a week was considered as “inexperienced”.

The measurements in this study were performed under a standardized method by the author. The measured results were analyzed by using Microsoft Excel 2010 and IBM SPSS 16.

The results of the present study showed that the Muay Thai fighters from Thailand were significantly smaller than the German Muay Thai fighters and the college students.

This study also used the methods developed by Parnell, Heath and Carter, Knussmann and Conrad. The body mass index was also used in the study.
Using of new control methods of efficiency of hippotherapy for children with singularities of psychophysical development
Authors: Tereshkova Tatiana , Loseva Ludmila
Published: October 2018

The number of disabled people is increasing, and the problem of their rehabilitation and social adaptation is important. In the Republic of Belarus, hippotherapy began to be applied about ten years ago. Within this time, about 200 children sick with cerebral spastic infantile paralysis (severity levels I–III), epilepsy, autism and other diseases underwent rehabilitation. About 70 of them started moving independently; the disability degree of 25 children was lowered or removed.

The study on using the method of X-ray fluorescent analysis (RFA) during hippotherapy was the first of its kind in the Republic of Belarus.

The aim of the research was the detection of efficiency of impact of hippotherapy on children with psychophysical peculiarities with use of modern control methods.

The need for correction of the following elements – calcium, potassium, ferrum, cuprum, zinc, selenium, iodine – in children’s ration at the time of hippotherapy sessions was shown. The need for increasing the frequency of sessions of hippotherapy from once a week to three times a week was established.
Remembering Ülo Hussar – Estonian professor of histology and embryology
Authors: Hussar Piret
Published: October 2018

Remembering Ülo Hussar – Estonian professor of histologyand embryology
Helle Tapfer: Her influence on anatomy, medical sciences and Prof. Rauber’s museum collection
Authors: Pärnsalu Liina , Liigant Aade
Published: October 2018

Helle Tapfer: Her influence on anatomy, medical sciences and Prof. Rauber’s museum collection
Política monetaria y acumulación de reservas en una economía emergente: un modelo DSGE para el caso colombiano
Authors: Botero G. Jesús , Hurtado Rendón Álvaro , Franco G. Humberto , García Guzmán José
Published: October 2018

Este artículo presenta un modelo de Equilibrio General Dinámico Estocástico (dsge) en el que se incluye explícitamente la demanda de dinero, las decisiones de inversión, el papel de los intermediarios financieros y el balance del Banco Central. El modelo permite la evaluación del impacto de diversos shocks exógenos sobre la actividad económica y los niveles de precios. También, permite evaluar diferentes formas de intervención del banco central en la economía, ya sea a través de la tasa de interés o mediante la acumulación de reservas internacionales. Se presta especial atención al parámetro básico de la función de utilidad de los hogares (aversión al riesgo, elasticidad de oferta laboral y demanda de dinero), a la formulación adecuada de los balances de los agentes económicos, y a la relación entre el balance del banco central y el suministro de dinero.
Predicción inmediata de la actividad económica con datos de pagos electrónicos. Un enfoque de modelado predictivo
Authors: León Carlos , Ortega Fabio
Published: October 2018

La predicción inmediata de la actividad económica (es decir, hacer estimaciones del período actual), es conveniente porque la mayoría de las medidas tradicionales de actividad económica se realizan con rezagos sustanciales. Nuestro objetivo es predecir el ISE, un indicador de actividad económica de corto plazo en Colombia. Las entradas son los rezagos del ISE y un conjunto de datos de pagos realizados entre individuos, empresas y el gobierno central, mediante transferencias electrónicas y cheques. Bajo un enfoque de modelado predictivo, empleamos un modelo de red neuronal exógena autoregresiva no lineal. Los resultadossugieren que nuestra elección de insumos y el método predictivo, nos permiten difundir la actividad económica con una precisión razonable. Además, validamos que los datos de pagos electrónicos reducen significativamente el error de predicción en un modelo de red neuronal autoregresiva de referencia. La predicción inmediata de la actividad económica con datos de los instrumentos de pago electrónicos, no solo contribuye a la toma de decisiones de los agentes y al modelado económico, sino que también soporta nuevas vías de investigación sobre cómo utilizar dichos datos en modelos actuales.
Aplanar y exhibir la variación: dos estrategias de investigación de la genética humana en México
Authors: Anaya-Muñoz Víctor Hugo , García-Deister Vivette , Suárez-Díaz Edna
Published: October 2018

Introducción: este artículo analiza dos estrategias de investigación puestas en acción en tres proyectos de estudio de la genética humana en México, entre 1960 y 2009. Se distingue entre una estrategia que incorpora recursos multidisciplinarios en el diseño del muestreo, el análisis e interpretación de datos (a la que se le denomina de exhibición), y una que privilegia consideraciones pragmáticas sobre los análisis multidisciplinarios (a la que se le denomina de aplanamiento). Desarrollo: se analizó el trabajo del médico hematólogo Rubén Lisker en la década de 1960, el mapeo de la diversidad genómica mexicana realizado por investigadores del Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica entre 2004 y 2009, y el análisis de la variación nativa llevado a cabo por el genetista Andrés Moreno (en la Universidad de Stanford en ese entonces), y sus colegas en años recientes. Conclusiones: las decisiones estratégicas que toman los científicos tienen consecuencias en la medición y caracterización de la variación genética en las poblaciones humanas, pero también sobre las prácticas sociales demográ cas y biomédicas relacionadas con su estudio. Mientras la primera estrategia exhibe de forma detallada la variación genética oculta en las poblaciones humanas, favoreciendo así la precisión y el realismo, la segunda tiende a aplanar las diferencias individuales y a perder profundidad histórica, pero privilegiando la generalización y la descripción de los grandes rasgos de una población.
Medir para planificar: el Estudio sobre Salud y Educación Médica y los límites de la política sanitaria de la Revolución argentina (1966-1973)
Authors: Zabala Juan Pablo , Librandi Juan Martín
Published: October 2018

Introducción: el presente artículo analiza el desarrollo del Estudio sobre Salud y Educación Médica (ESSEM), una iniciativa de la Secretaría de Salud de la Nación Argentina dedicada a la producción de datos estadísticos sobre el sistema de salud que se desarrolló durante el gobierno de la llamada Revolución argentina (1966-1973). Desarrollo: el ESSEM permite dar cuenta del modo en que el discurso de la planificación sanitaria cristalizó en las políticas de la Secretaría de Salud Pública. Mediante el análisis de documentos y de entrevistas, se estudian distintas dimensiones del objeto: las apuestas políticas que lo motivaron, los grupos profesionales involucrados, sus características técnicas, las concepciones acerca de la intervención sanitaria estatal y el contexto político más amplio en que se insertaron. Finalmente, se da cuenta de las limitaciones que existieron en su implementación y sus motivos, así como la valoración de algunas transformaciones que persistieron en otras formas institucionales. Conclusiones: el desarrollo del ESSEM muestra la importancia que tuvo el discurso de la planificación vehiculizado por los sanitaristas, un grupo profesional protagonista de las políticas sanitarias desde la segunda posguerra. En su contenido, se encontró en el ESSEM la influencia de una agenda sanitaria propia de la época, motorizada, en buena medida, por organismos internacionales como la Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Y, al mismo tiempo, se muestra cómo la política de salud fue perdiendo posiciones dentro del juego político más amplio de las políticas de asistencia social hacia el final del periodo analizado.
Resistant Hypertension: A Clinical Case
Authors: Cascais Costa Joana , Rua João Rua , Silva Amílcar , Rodrigues Adriano
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Secondary hypertension corresponds to 15 % of the causes of arterial hypertension, and among them, primary hyperaldosteronism presents a variable incidence of about 3% in hypertensive patients. It has a slightly higher prevalence in women, between 30 and 60 years, and is usually unilateral. Case presentation: The authors describe the clinical case of a patient, followed by severe hypertension medicated with four antihypertensive drugs for tension stabilization, maintaining systolic arterial tensions superior to 170 mmHg. In the aetiological study of hypertension, analytical alterations suggested hyperaldosteronism and a nodular lesion was detected in the left adrenal gland. The patient was submitted to surgery and excision of the lesion was done with histological confirmation of the diagnosis of corticomedullary adenoma of the adrenal gland. The patient presented improvement of the tension profile, with the need to suspend two of the four antihypertensive drugs and to reduce the dose of the remaining ones. Conclusion: A tumor of the adrenal cortex producing aldosterone is the main cause of primary hyperaldosteronism and should always be excluded when the presence of di cult to control, severe hypertension is detected, since the standard treatment is surgical, leading to a stabilization of the tension pattern after a few months.
Short Communication: The rattans (Arecaceae) of Wallacea
Authors: HENDERSON ANDREW , PITOPANG RAMADHANIL
Published: October 2018

Henderson A, Pitopang R. 2018. Short Communication: The rattans (Arecaceae) of Wallacea. Biodiversitas 19: 18-21. Rattans are spiny, climbing palms whose long, flexible stems provide the canes of commerce. Three rattan genera occur in Wallacea, Calamus, Daemonorops, and Korthalsia. We give a brief review of the geology and biogeography of Wallacea. We follow this with a review of the Wallacean rattan flora in Sulawesi, the Maluku Islands (Moluccas), and Nusa Tenggara. We emphasize how poorly known the rattan flora of Wallacea is. While recent discussions of the rattan flora of the Asian tropics have noted the paucity of species in Wallacea, we consider that the number of species present may be considerably higher.
Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy: a critical analysis of long-term cosmetic results using a validated tool
Authors: Sahm M , Otto R , Pross M , Mantke R
Published: October 2018

Introduction

Since its first publication in 1997, minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy (MIVAT) has developed into the predominant minimally invasive surgery of the thyroid. A major advantage over conventional thyroid surgery is the superior cosmetic result. However, there are still few data comparing the long-term cosmetic results of the two methods. This paper compares the long-term cosmetic results of the two methods, based on follow-up assessments.

Methods

Between 2004 and 2011, 143 preselected patients underwent a MIVAT in our department. Additionally, 134 patients underwent a conventional thyroidectomy in our hospital in 2011. A total of 117 patients from the MIVAT group and 102 patients from the conventional thyroidectomy group received follow-up assessments after 23.1 and 23.6 months, respectively, using the patient and observer scar assessment scale.

Results

The measurable cervical scar length averaged 1.9 cm in the MIVAT group and 3.9 cm in the conventional group (P < 0.001). Some 11.1% of the patients in the MIVAT group and 7.1% of the patients in the conventional group had developed keloid (P = 0.391). The patient scar assessment score was 10.4 for the MIVAT group compared with 9.9 for the conventional thyroidectomy group (P = 0.691) and the observer scare assessment score was 8.6 for MIVAT compared with 9.9 for conventional thyroidectomy (P = 0.011).

Conclusion

In the patient assessment instrument, conventional thyroidectomy had a small advantage over MIVAT in the cosmetic long-term results. This difference between the two groups was, however, not significant. Our result contradicts short-term cosmetic results of published randomized studies with improvement for MIVAT. The Observer Score demonstrates a significant advantage of the MIVAT.
Surgical review of the anatomical variations of the internal jugular vein: an update for head and neck surgeons
Authors: Mumtaz S , Singh M
Published: October 2018

Background

The internal jugular vein is one of the major vessels of the neck. The anatomy of this vessel is considered to be relatively stable. It is an important landmark for head and neck surgeons as well as the anaesthetists for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

Methods

We present two case reports of the posterior tributary of the internal jugular vein and review the surgical literature regarding anatomical variations of the vein.

Findings

A total of 1197 patients from 27 published papers were included in this review. Of these patients, 99.6% had neck surgery and the rest were cadaveric dissections. Anatomical variations of the internal jugular vein were found in 2% of the patient cohort (n = 40). The majority of these patients had either bifurcation or fenestration of the vein. The posterior tributary of the internal jugular vein is unusual and is scarcely reported in the literature (three cases). Knowledge of variations in the anatomy of the internal jugular vein assists surgeons in avoiding complications during neck surgery and preventing morbidity. Two rare cases of posterior branching of the internal jugular vein and experience of other surgeons are demonstrated in this extensive review.
PARA QUE SERVE ENSINAR FILOSOFIA NA EDUCAÇÃO DISCIPLINAR? PROJETO/INVENÇÃO DA APRENDIZAGEM FILOSÓFICA NO EDUCAR TRANSDISCIPLINAR
Authors: Galeffi Dante Augusto
Published: October 2018

Trata-se de uma contribuição na direção da metamorfose do regime disciplinar de ensino vigente, tendo em vista a importância de uma formação filosófica própria e apropriada para o pleno desenvolvimento espiritual humano transdisciplinar. Critica-se o ensino da filosofia como “ilustração” e afirma-se uma filosofia como “criação” do aprender a pensar compartilhado, tendo em vista uma transformação humana comum-responsável pelo mundo da vida em sua totalidade una e múltipla simultaneamente. Partindo-se da falência do sistema de ensino disciplinar, desenvolve-se o argumento de um Educar Transdisciplinar em que a filosofia é compreendida como a atitude aprendenteradical e criadora e não como uma disciplina isolada de um currículo fragmentário. Projeta-se uma linha utópica de formação humana tendo-se a filosofia como método de investigação e não como repetição de uma tradição ilustrada. Não se nega a importância dos clássicos e ilustres do pensamento, mas, sim, a forma de ensino vigente que não leva ao empoderamento pensante dos aprendizes. Afirmando-se um Educar Transdisciplinar em que o filosofar é o próprio método aprendente em todas as atividades, um saber para todos os aprendizes sem o qual ninguém conseguiria sair da caverna de Platão e a ela retornar transformado.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES POSSÍVEIS DE PIERRE HADOT AO ENSINO DE FILOSOFIA
Authors: Rocha Gabriel Rodrigues
Published: October 2018

O artigo propõe demonstrar o quanto é possível pensar o ensino de filosofia como problema filosófico. A partir da utilização de conceitos cruciais que, embora não fossem pensados em sua originalidade na relação com ensino de filosofia, possibilitaram desenvolver e reflexionar sobre novas perspectivas para problematizar a questão fundamental do ensinar e aprender filosofia nas salas de aula. Os estudos de Pierre Hadot sobre filosofia antiga fundamentam-se em dois princípios fundamentais: “a filosofia como modo de vida” e “exercícios espirituais”. Neste viés interpretativo utilizou-se lhe de tais conceitos ou princípios, aos quais fundamentam o caráter comum da filosofia antiga, ao longo dos séculos que a cobrem, para se lhe utilizarem como possível caminho interpretativo às questões que envolvem o ensino e o aprendizado de filosofia. Neste propósito, contribuiu-se a esta elaboração hermenêutica, servindo-se de alguns postulados sugeridos pela filósofa e Madre, Montserrat del Ponzo.
ASPECTOS FILOSÓFICOS DA EDUCAÇÃO NO PERÍODO CLÁSSICO GREGO
Authors: Fernandes Sudelmar Dias
Published: October 2018

Esse estudo buscou realizar uma reflexão problematizada de algumas questões do pensamento filosófico do período clássico sobre a educação, discutidas a partir das ideias dos filósofos; Sócrates, Platão e Aristóteles. Contempla a importância de seus pressupostos no processo de criação da própria filosofia, sua condição racional na perspectiva do logos, e da formação do povo grego. O presente trabalho contextualiza a discussão inicialmente através do modelo educativo mítico formulado segundo os contos de Homero. Este texto foi desenvolvido por meio de um estudo teórico descritivo através de revisão bibliográfica do tipo narrativa,possibilitando inferir problemáticas investigativas sobre a temática da educação, discutidas a partir das ideias dos três principais filósofos da era clássica da filosofia.
[APRESENTAÇÃO] DOSSIÊ: EFIBA
Authors: Aggio Juliana Ortegosa , Rodrigues Malcom Guimarães
Published: October 2018

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ARISTOTE ET LA RHÉTORIQUE DES ÉMOTIONS: THÉORIE ET MODE D'EMPLOI
Authors: Viano Cristiana
Published: October 2018

Par rapport à la division aristotélicienne des savoirs en sciences théorétiques, arts pratiques, arts productifs et méthodes ou instruments (organa), la rhétorique est une discipline difficile à caser. De même, l'ouvrage intitulé Rhétorique a été considéré tantôt comme un manuel pratique pour former les orateurs tantôt comme un ouvrage théorique sur la persuasion. Or, la rhétoriquearistotélicienne possède une nature 'mixte' et des règles méthodologiques propres. Après avoir esquissé rapidement le but, la structure et les contenu de cet ouvrage, nous allons ici prendre en considération la partie la plus étonnante de la systématisation aristotélicienne dans la Rhétorique, à savoir la théorie des émotions, qui permet, à notre avis, d'éclairer le statut de la rhétorique ainsi que lepublic auquel était adressée la Rhétorique dans les intentions d'Aristote.
RESPOSTAS CONTEMPORÂNEAS A ANTIGOS PROBLEMAS FILOSÓFICOS
Authors: E Silva Franklin Leopoldo
Published: October 2018

Nosso objetivo é analisar a historicidade da proposição de perguntas e respostas a “antigos problemas filosóficos”. O que nos leva a considerar a questão geral aquienvolvida em termos de filosofia da história: as relações entre tradição e atualidade. É preciso recusar as soluções unilaterais e simplificadoras, como a valorização exclusiva de uma instância em detrimento da outra. A própria história sem progresso, característica da filosofia, indica que a construção das respostas atuais passa pela compreensão crítica das respostas elaboradas na tradição.
ASPECTOS PRELIMINARES ACERCA DA PROPOSTA DE UMA FILOSOFIA DA LIBERTAÇÃO EM AUGUSTO SALAZAR BONDY
Authors: Dos Santos Vivian Silva
Published: October 2018

O trabalho tem como proposta retomar a questão expressa pelo título do livro de Augusto Salazar Bondy, ¿Existe una filosofía de nuestra América? Nosso intento se mostra necessário na medida em que o objeto desta filosofia parece não estar por completo explicitado, mesmo porque, é comum encontrar autores que nãoconsideram relevante se fazer tal pergunta, como é o caso de Enrique Dussel, que afirma ser esta uma questão superada. No entanto, o trabalho pretende apresentar tal pergunta como uma provocação dirigida a todos que pretendemproduzir um pensamento filosófico original. Deste modo, é mister verificar se existe, segundo Salazar Bondy, uma maneira de fazer filosofia que é propriamente latino-americana, ou, como o autor convencionou chamar, hispano-americana, bem como pensar se esta maneira pode ser, neste contexto, entendida como uma filosofia da libertação.
O PROBLEMA DA PARTICIPAÇÃO DOS CATÓLICOS NO PODER POLÍTICO EM LOCKE
Authors: Viana Mykael Morais
Published: October 2018

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar os posicionamentos do filosofo inglês John Locke com relação à participação dos Papistas, ou Católicos, no poder político. Locke buscou estabelecer diretrizes para a ação do Estado em suarelação com a religião. Para ele, a tolerância religiosa é um elemento fundamental para a construção de uma boa sociedade e ela só poderá se estabelecer quando Estado e religião forem esferas completamente distintas. Porém, existem elementos na religião que podem ser nocivos ao bom andamento da Sociedade. Um exemplo de elemento nocivo dentro da religião é quando seus membros atribuem a si mesmos a soberania política fundamentada na infalibilidade de sua crença. Além disso, alguns religiosos afirmam que o líder da sua religião tem poder político superior ao poder público. Para Locke, quando isso acontece, a soberania do Estado está em risco, pois os cidadãos recusam-se a submeter-se ao poder público, argumentando que a única autoridade possível é a religiosa. É devido a isso que Locke enxerga no Catolicismo a fonte de problemas para a organização política. Apresentaremos aqui as principais razões de Locke para atacar o Papismo tendo como foco suas obras políticas.
A NOÇÃO DE EXPERIÊNCIA EM HEGEL COMO CRÍTICA IMANENTE
Authors: De Oliveira Carla Vanessa Brito
Published: October 2018

É escopo do presente artigo a elucidação da noção de experiência (Erfahrung) em Hegel, como crítica imanente, na medida em que a mesma se volta criticamente para pressupostos epistemológicos sustentados na crítica transcendental kantiana. A partir, sobretudo, do exame da Introdução da Fenomenologia do Espírito (1807), busca-se elucidar que a experiência em Hegel se trata da experiência da consciência que, em seu “caminho para a ciência”, seperfaz na condição de uma crítica imanente. Para tanto, é mister compreender que a experiência da consciência é a própria experiência do saber, pois, para Hegel, a consciência sempre se põe em uma relação mútua com o seu não-idêntico, o objeto, de modo a instituir o momento do saber e o momento do objeto reciprocamente e, assim, entregue a essa relação de simultânea oposição e complementariedade, examina a si mesma.
ALIENAÇÃO E FETICHISMO: HÁ ALGO DE FEUERBACH NO “CAPITAL” DE MARX?
Authors: De Morais Alan Brandão
Published: October 2018

Seguindo as sugestões de investigação conceitual dos textos de Karl Marx abertas pelo professor Celso Frederico no livro O Jovem Marx – As Origens da Ontologia do Ser Social, pretendemos com este texto elaborar uma pequenacontribuição para o processo de recomposição conceitual das obras deste autor. A influência hegeliana e feuerbachiana da obra de Marx vem adquirindo novas faces na medida em que os comentadores contemporâneos dedicam-se a investigar as continuidades conceituais da sua formação filosófica de juventude na obra de maturidade, estabelecendo teses interessantes sobre a apropriação dialética feita por Marx de conceitos destes dois pensadores. Para cumprir este objetivo, nos concentraremos aqui na construção do conceito de fetichismo da mercadoria n’ O Capital – Livro I, a partir de uma investigação profunda dos conceitos de Alienação em Feuerbach e Fetichismo em Marx, no sentido de estabelecer um campo conceitual que nos permita definir a possibilidade de estabelecer analogias, proximidades ou definir as distinções entre estes dois conceitos que, apenas aparentemente, guardam grandes semelhanças.
A FILOSOFIA DA CIÊNCIA E A FILOSOFIA DA QUÍMICA: UMA PERSPECTIVA CONTEMPORÂNEA
Authors: Da Silva Lisandro Bacelar , Barreto Uarison Rodrigues , Bejarano Nelson Rui Ribas , Ribeiro Marcos A.P.
Published: October 2018

Este trabalho tem por objetivo identificar e caracterizar o atual estado da relação entre a filosofia da ciência contemporânea e a filosofia da química. Trata-se deuma abordagem qualitativa, constituindo-se de um estudo exploratório do tipo estado da arte. Inicialmente, refletimos sobre algumas razões que culminaram no histórico negligenciamento da filosofia da química pela filosofia da ciência. Em seguida, a partir de uma breve caracterização desta relação, argumentamos que algumas dimensões, como o complexo estilo de pensamento e fazer químico, devem ser apropriadas pela filosofia da ciência. Por fim, defendemos a necessidade de maior inserção das filosofias da química e da ciência, no âmbito da formação deprofessores de química.
Poetique de l'arbre et de la foret une lecturebachelardienne de l'ouvre de Jean Giono
Authors: Pierron Jean Philippe
Published: October 2018

En proposant une lecture et mise en perspective de la nouvelle de Jean Giono « L’homme qui plantait des arbres » parue en 1953, cet article montre quelles contributions la philosophie de Gaston Bachelard apporte à une imagination environnementale. De même que Jean Giono a pu écrire : « je crois qu’il est grand temps qu’on fasse une « politique de l’arbre » bien que le mot politique semble bien mal adapté », nous pourrions dire qu’il est grand temps que cette politique trouve sa poétique. L’arbre comme image fondamentale qui tonalise un dynamisme de l’enracinement et de l’élévation, et la forêt qui relève d’une poétique de l’espace se révèlent de précieuses figures pour élaborer une poétique de la nature. On montre à quelles conditions une poétique dialectisant l’arbre et la forêt prépare une écologie de fondation.
Bachelard e Desoille: imaginário e promoção do ser
Authors: Cesar Constança Marcondes
Published: October 2018

A obra de Robert Desoille é mencionada por Bachelard no capítulo IV de L’air et les songes e nos estudos sobre a imaginação da matéria: La terre et les rêveries du repos e La terre et les rêveries de la volonté. Nos escritos bachelardianos, trata-se de examinar o papel da imaginação, no horizonte de uma ontologia, assim como de mostrar seus laços estreitos com uma ética que visa a promoção de ser, a expansão da consciência, a sublimação feliz. Procuraremos ainda evidenciar que a perspectiva proposta por Bachelard tem também pontos de analogia com os trabalhos d Jung, quando este aborda o tema da “imaginação ativa”. Jung, Desoille e Bachelard responderam, com seus trabalhos , a uma espécie de “clima” cultural e investigativo que marcou o tempo em que viveram e cuja originalidade e riqueza continuam repercutindo em nosso século,sugerindo alternativas de ser e de viver.
Como construir um mundo causalmente possível?
Authors: Pessoa Jr. Osvaldo
Published: October 2018

A área da filosofia analítica conhecida como “metafísica dos mundos possíveis” concebe a “possibilidade contrafactual” como qualquer estado de coisas que não seja logicamente contraditório. O presente trabalho visa explorar uma classe restrita de tais mundos logicamente possíveis, que seriam os mundos “causalmente possíveis” (duas classes intermediárias são também caracterizadas). Tais mundos seriam definidos por meio da chamada “possibilidade temporal”, que se refere às possibilidades futuras de um dado instante. Um mundo causalmente possível seria uma possibilidade temporal futura com referência a algum instante do passado real do Universo. Neste trabalho, supõe-se que a evolução do Universo não seja determinista. A cada instante, um “grau de dispersão” caracterizaria a amplidão de possibilidades futuras. Supondo que a identidade das pessoas se preserva no futuro, então esta metafísica aceitaria a existência de indivíduos “transmundiais”. A probabilidade de um mundo causalmente possível depende do tempo em que ocorreu a ramificação em relação ao mundo atual. Ilustramos esta concepção com um exemplo detalhado envolvendo dois instantes de ramificação. O valor de verdade de um condicional contrafactual é associado a uma probabilidade, que mede a proporção dos mundos em que, dada a ocorrência do antecedente, ocorre também o consequente.
A teoria da matéria e as hipóteses cosmológicas de Descartes
Authors: Tossato Claudemir Roque , Da Silva Paulo Tadeu
Published: October 2018

Este artigo visa analisar alguns aspectos da cosmologia cartesiana, tendo em vista a teoria dos vórtices elaborada por Descartes e sua relação com a sua teoria da matéria. Nesse contexto, pretendemos mostrar como a explicação cartesiana sobre os movimentos planetários procurou oferecer uma resposta aos problemas cosmológicos que se apresentaram entre o final do século XVI e a primeira metade do século XVII, os quais determinaram o abandono do modelo cosmológico aristotélicoptolomaico e, com isso, a necessidade de uma nova concepção sobre o mundo celeste.