bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A level set-based approach for modeling cellular rearrangements in tissue morphogenesis
Authors: Mohammad Rhudaina Z. , Murakawa Hideki , Svadlenka Karel , Togashi Hideru
Published: July 2020

Mathematical models and numerical simulations can provide an essential insight into the mechanisms through which local cell-cell interactions affect tissue-level cell morphology. Among such morphological phenomena, cellular patterns observed in developing sensory epithelia have gained keen attention of researchers in recent years, because they are thought to be of utmost importance for accurate sensory functions. However, most of current computational approaches to cellular rearrangements lack solid mathematical background and involve experimentally unreachable parameters, whereby only weak and ambiguous conclusions can be made based on simulation results. Here we present a simple mathematical model for tissue morphogenesis together with a level set-based numerical scheme for its solution as a tool to rigorously investigate evolving cellular patterns. This combined framework of a model and a numerical method features minimum possible number of physical parameters and guarantees reliability of simulation results, including correct handling of topology changes, such as cell intercalations. In this framework, we adopt the viewpoint of free energy minimization principle, and take cellular rearrangement as a gradient flow of a weighted surface energy associated with cell membrane, where the weights are related to physical parameters of the cells, for example, cell-cell adhesion and cell contractility. We present the applicability of this model to a wide range of tissue morphological phenomena, such as cell sorting, engulfment or internalization. In particular, we stress that this method is the first one to be successful in computationally reproducing the experimentally observed development of cellular mosaic patterns in sensory epithelia. Thanks to its simplicity and reliability, the model is able to capture the essence of biological phenomena, and may give a strong helping hand in deciphering unsolved questions of morphology.
Monetary value and cost analysis of a youth voluntary program on road safety in Iran
Authors: Seddighi Hamed , Salmani Ibrahim
Published: July 2020

Objectives: Volunteering has great economic and social benefits, but it is neglected due to the voluntary nature of the work. The purpose of this study was to assess the monetary aspect of voluntary activities in the plan of Iranian National Safety and Health for New Year Holidays passengers and analyze cost analysis of the implementation of this plan by youth volunteers.Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 1574 volunteers outlined in this plan were analyzed from Wage Replacement and Replacement Cost approach for monetary evaluation of voluntary activities. In addition, the cost benefit analysis of a Red Crescent voluntary plan is calculated by "value audit and volunteer investment" (VIVA) technique.Results: In the mentioned road safety plan, the sum of the economic value of volunteering work in the Nowruz passenger's safety and health plan is multiplied by the number of working hours of youth volunteers per day, the number of young people and the average wage was earned at an hour, which was obtained as $ 69885.6. also Viva rate is 10.6$ means every dollar Red crescent spent will cost more than 10$ if it wasn’t voluntary. Discussion: According to the findings, it seems that the voluntary plan for safety and health of New Year holidays passengers had been economically profitable for the Red Crescent population as well as for the government because of its high revenue compared to the its cost.
Multimodal imaging in Behçet disease uveitis manifesting with sequential bilateral prepapillary inflammatory vitreous exudate
Authors: Ksiaa Imen , Aoun Safa Ben , Zina Sourour , Nefzi Dhouha , Khochtali Sana , Khairallah Moncef
Published: July 2020

Objective: To describe a case of Behçet disease (BD) uveitis manifesting with sequential bilateral prepapillary inflammatory vitreous exudate (PIVE) documented with multimodal imaging, including swept source optical coherence tomography (SS OCT) and OCT angiography. Material and Methods: A single case report.Results: A 37-year-old man developed sequential bilateral PIVE, initially misdiagnosed as toxoplasmic neuroretinitis, before extraocular features of BD became evident and the patient treated accordingly. SS OCT showed at the acute phase in both eyes a typical “mushroom-shaped” prepapillary hyperreflectivity of the PIVE. SS OCTA demonstrated a corresponding prepapillary hypointense area due to shadowing effect, decreasing in size while scanning deeper layers. It also detected peripapillary retinal hypervascularity in both eyes and a sectoral area of flow signal loss in the first involved left eye. Visual acuity improved following the resolution of the PIVE and associated acute inflammatory changes in both eyes. The left eye showed residual optic disc pallor and retinal nerve fiber layer defects.Conclusion: Sequential bilateral PIVE may occur in the absence of other clinical features of BD. SS OCT and OCTA can provide useful information for the diagnosis and management of PIVE and underlying optic nerve inflammation.
Malignancy history had no marked effect on the prognosis of COVID-19: A cohort study
Authors: Shi Xiaowu , Hu Jiahao , Ding Haixia , Ye Shenglan , Yang Xiuwen
Published: July 2020

Background

Primary disease influenced the prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the clinical characters of patients accompanied with tumor were few reported.
Methods

We enrolled 528 COVID-19 patients. Date of laboratory tests and outcome were divided to corresponding groups to compare the risk factors of disease severity, progression and survival.
Results

The disease severity at hospitalization, progression rate (51.43% vs 54.42%) and mortality (19.51% vs 11.91%) were equal between tumor and non-tumor group. In both groups, lymphopenia was negatively related to the severity grading (OR = 0.019 and 0.168 separately), NLR was positively correlated with the poor outcome (OR = 1.371 and 1.155 separately), and CRP was relevant to the disease progression and survival (OR = 1.334 and 1.303 separately).
Conclusions

Malignancy history may have no marked effect on the severity and prognosis of COVID-19. Lymphopenia, NLR and CRP levels could be regarded as indicators to determine severe cases, and predict progression and survival.
SOX9 stands for a bio-marker for prostate cancer detection
Authors: Zi Hao , Tao Wen-Lin , Gao Lei , Yu Zhao-Hua , Bai Xiao-Dong , Li Xiao-Dong
Published: July 2020

Background

Prostate cancer is one of common cancers around the world, and in our country the incidence and mortality of PCa are both increasing. More and more reports have revealed that SOX9 is involved in various human cancers. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between SOX9 expression and diagnostic value of PCa patients.
Methods

In this study, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to determine the expression of SOX9 of the 131 PCa patients and 74 healthy volunteers. And receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the diagnostic value of SOX9 for PCa patients.
Results

The results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression of serum SOX9 in PCa patients was higher than that in healthy controls (P < 0.05). And the expression of SOX9 was significantly associated with PSA (P = 0.001), differentiation (P = 0.000), and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.000). Besides, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.966 with the sensitivity of 93.2% and specificity of 87.8% respectively. The optimal cutoff value of SOX9 was 2.34.
Conclusions

Our results found that SOX9 is a novel oncogene for PCa, and may be a novel and effective biomarker for the diagnosis of patients with PCa.
Association between ambient fine particulate matters and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mortality: an analysis in Southeastern China
Authors: Chen Zhijian , Fu Qiuli , Mao Guangming , Wu Lizhi , Xu Peiwei , Xu Dandan , Wang Zhifang , Pan Xuejiao , Chen Yuan , Lou Xiaoming , Wang Xiaofeng , Mo Zhe
Published: July 2020

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between ambient particulate matters(PMs)and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mortality.Methods: Generalized Additive Mixed Model was employed to investigate the effects of ambient fine and coarse PMs on COPD mortality using 13,066 deaths from 2014 to 2016 among six cities in Zhejiang Province in Southeastern China.Results: The daily average death count due to COPD was 3, varying from 1 to 7among six cities. The daily 24-hour mean concentrations were diverse among cities, from 29.7 to 56.8 µg/m3 for PM2.5, 16.7 to 30.3 µg/m3 for PM2.5−10, and 50.3 to 87.1 µg/m3 for PM10, respectively. The analysis showed that daily exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 was associated with increased mortality due to COPD and that weak effects were observed between PM2.5−10 and COPD mortality.Conclusions: Our results provided evidence that the fine particles in air pollution have stronger functions on adverse health effects other than coarser particles in Southeastern China, which may be considered as a potential clinic target in PM-associated COPD.
Treatment Administered to Newborns With Congenital Syphilis During the Period of Penicillin Shortage in Brazil
Authors: Rocha Ana Fatima Braga , Araújo Maria Alix Leite , Taylor Melanie M. , Kara Edna O. , Broutet Nathalie Jeanne Nicole
Published: July 2020

Background
Between 2014 and 2016, Brazil experienced a severe shortage in penicillin supply, resulting in a lack of treatment among some pregnant women and newborns with syphilis and the use of non-evidence-based regimens. The aim of this study is to describe the different therapeutic regimens used in newborns with congenital syphilis during the period of penicillin shortage using a retrospective cross-sectional study design conducted in Fortaleza, Northeast Brazil.
Methods
Hospital medical records and case reporting forms of live births reported with congenital syphilis in 2015 and the associated maternal syphilis cases were reviewed during June 2017 to July 2018 from all public maternity hospitals in the city of Fortaleza.
Results
A total of 575 congenital syphilis cases were reported to the municipality of Fortaleza during 2015 and 469 (81.5%) were analyzed. Of these, only 210 (44.8%) were treated with a nationally-recommended treatment. As alternative therapeutic options, ceftriaxone was used in 65 (13.8%), Cefazolin in 15 (3.2%) and the combination of more than one drug in 179 (38.2%). Newborns with VDRL titers > 1:8 (p = 0.021), who had some clinical manifestation at birth (p = 0.003), who were born premature (p < 0.001), with low birth weight (p = 0.010), with jaundice indicative of the need for phototherapy (p = 0.019) and with hepatomegaly (p = 0.045) were more likely to be treated with penicillin according to national treatment guidelines compared to newborns treated with other regimens.
Conclusion
During the period of shortage of penicillin in Fortaleza, less than half of the infants with CS were treated with a nationally-recommended regimen, the remaining received treatment with medications available in the hospital of birth including drugs that are not part of nationally or internationally-recommended treatment recommendations.
Guidance for Overviews of Reviews Continues to Accumulate, But Important Challenges Remain: A Scoping Review
Authors: Gates Michelle , Gates Allison , Guitard Samantha , Pollock Michelle , Hartling Lisa
Published: July 2020

Background. Overviews of reviews (overviews) provide an invaluable resource for healthcare decision-making by combining large volumes of systematic review (SR) data into a single synthesis. The production of high-quality overviews hinges on the availability of practical evidence-based guidance for conduct and reporting.Objectives. Within the broad purpose of informing the development of a reporting guideline for overviews, we aimed to provide an up-to-date map of existing guidance related to the conduct of overviews, and to identify common challenges that authors face when undertaking overviews.Methods. We updated a scoping review published in 2016 using the search methods that had produced the highest yield: ongoing reference tracking (2014 to March 2020 in Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar), hand-searching conference proceedings and websites, and contacting authors of published overviews. Using a qualitative meta-summary approach, one reviewer extracted, organized, and summarized the guidance and challenges presented within the included documents. A second reviewer verified the data and synthesis.Results. We located 28 new guidance documents, for a total of 77 documents produced by 34 research groups. The new guidance helps to resolve some earlier identified challenges in the production of overviews. Important developments include strengthened guidance on handling primary study overlap at the study selection and analysis stages. Despite marked progress, several areas continue to be hampered by inconsistent or lacking guidance. There is ongoing debate about whether, when, and how supplemental primary studies should be included in overviews. Guidance remains scant on how to extract and use appraisals of quality of the primary studies within the included SRs and how to adapt GRADE methodology to overviews. The challenges that overview authors face are often related to the above-described steps in the process where evidence-based guidance is lacking or conflicting.Conclusion. The rising popularity of overviews has been accompanied by a steady accumulation of new, and sometimes conflicting, guidance. While recent guidance has helped to address some of the challenges that overview authors face, areas of uncertainty remain. Practical tools supported by empirical evidence are needed to assist authors with the many methodological decision points that are encountered in the production of overviews.
Study on Awareness of Covid-19, Anxiety and Compliance on Social Distancing in Indonesia During Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic
Authors: Harlianty Rully Afrita , Widyastuti Tria , Mukhlis Hamid , Susanti Susi
Published: July 2020

The psychological problem that can arise due to uncertain conditions to the spread of COVID-19 is anxiety. One of the essential behaviors that contribute to the prevention of the spread of COVID-19 is awareness related to COVID-19 and the behavior of community adherence to the appeal of Social Distancing. The research objective was to determine whether awareness of COVID-19 is associated with anxiety and community compliance with social distancing rules. Besides, to understand differences in awareness of COVID-19, anxiety, and community compliance with social distancing rules. Based on an online survey through Google Form was conducted on 404 respondents aged 18 to 63 years. Data were collected using three instruments, the COVID-19 awareness scale, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) anxiety subscale, and the compliance scale for social distancing. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation and Kruskal Wallis, followed by Mann-Whitney U with Bonferroni correction. The main results of the research found that awareness of COVID-19 plays a vital role in realizing community compliance with social distancing rules. The group that needs more attention is related to awareness of lower COVID-19 and more at risk of experiencing anxiety, namely the younger age group, less educated, and not working. The government need to pay more attention to at-risk groups and provide an official information channel for raising awareness of COVID-19, clear prevention policies, and health protocols to prevent the spread of COVID-19 especially with the discourse for new normal people are asked to move back in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic.
A return to normal kidney function in a Caucasian male after COVID-19 induced dialysis-requiring kidney failure
Authors: Okholm Peter , Kampmann Jan
Published: July 2020

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 also known as COVID-19 has been recognized by WHO as a global pandemic and has spread to most of the world. The disease has a multitude of clinical presentations, and especially the development of acute kidney injury has been associated with increased mortality.Case Presentation: A 71-year old Caucasian male was admitted with fever and dyspnea to the emergency department. His medical history included type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Blood tests showed a normal kidney function before admission with a creatinine of 0,8 mg/dL. Clinical examination, blood tests and Chest X-ray suggested COVID-19. At admission the diagnose COVID-19 was confirmed, fluid therapy was commenced and Angiotensin-converting enzyme therapy discontinued. The patients was intubated due to respiratory failures and transferred to the intensive care ward where he developed acute anuric kidney failure and was started in continuous renal replacement therapy. After 6 days of dialysis treatment his kidney function slowly started to improve, and he was discharged after 26 days of admission. 42 days after admission his creatinine was measured to 1.3 mg/dLConclusion: We present the rare case of a Caucasian male, who not only survived COVID-19 induced kidney failure that required continuous renal replacement therapy, but returned to almost baseline creatinine. We discuss the role of Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment in COVID-19 and the potential pathophysiological mechanism surrounding AKI in COVID-19 patients in literature, and connect it to our case report.
A severe coronavirus disease 2019 patient with high-risk predisposing factors died from massive gastrointestinal bleeding: a case report
Authors: Chen Taojiang , Yang Qin , Duan Hongyu
Published: July 2020

Background: SARS-CoV-2 is highly infectious and has been a significant public health threat. Despite typical manifestations of illness are dominated by respiratory symptom, some patients have concurrent gastrointestinal manifestations, including nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting. Massive gastrointestinal bleeding, however, has rarely been reported. Case presentation: We herein describe a case of severe SARS-CoV-2 infected patient with several risk factors for poor prognosis, including male, hypertension, old age, mixed bacterial infection and multilobular infiltration on radiological imaging. After improvement of respiratory status, the onset of gastrointestinal bleeding occurred, probably resulting from direct viral invasion as evidenced by the positive findings for SARS-CoV-2 in the repeat stool specimens. Although aggressive resuscitation was administered, hematochezia was uncontrolled. The patient rapidly deteriorated, suffered cardiac arrest, and expired. Conclusions: Digestive symptoms could be severe in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, especially for the high-risk individuals with predisposing conditions. A more thorough protocol for preventing cross-infection through faecal-oral transmission should be implemented in the process of patient care and infection control.
Investigation of the transport of aflatoxin M1 by the transporter ABCG2 in bovine mammary epithelial cells
Authors: ZHANG YANYING , NA ZHANG , CHEN DAN , HUANG GUANG , CAO HUI
Published: July 2020

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), a hydrogenated metabolite of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), is one of the most common and threatening aflatoxins found in milk and dairy products. The ATP-binding cassette G2 efflux transporter (ABCG2) plays an important role in the mammary transport of drugs and toxins in animals, but whether ABCG2 could affect the transport of AFM1 in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) has not been clarified. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of AFM1 on tight junctions (TJs), lactation and cells proliferation in BMECs, and explored the regulatory role of ABCG2 in AFM1 transport in vitro in BMECs. The results showed that the integrity of the TJs of BMECs was not permanently compromised after exposure to AFM1. AFM1 exposure had no obvious effects on lactation or cell proliferation in BMECs. Gene function study revealed that ABCG2 was a positive regulator of AFM1 transport. These results demonstrate that it has little effect on TJs, lactation or cell proliferation in BMECs exposed to a small dose of AFM1, and ABCG2 is a critical regulator for AFM1 transport in BMECs.
NECÎB MAHFÛZ’UN “MİDAK SOKAĞI” (ZUḲÂḲU’L-MİDAḲḲ) İLE HALİDE EDİP ADIVAR’IN “ÂKİLE HANIM SOKAĞI” ROMANLARININ TEMATİK AÇIDAN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: KÖKSOY Mesut
Published: July 2020

İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonlarında ve savaşın hemen bittiği yıllarda geçen Necîb Mahfûz’a ait Midak Sokağı (Zuḳâḳu’l-Midaḳḳ) 1947’de, 1950’li yıllarda geçen Halide Edip Adıvar’a ait Âkile Hanım Sokağı ise 1957’de basılmıştır. Kültürel olarak birbirine benzeyen Türk ve Arap toplumunda yaklaşık aynı tarihlerde yaşanan toplumsal değişim her iki romanda da bir sokak üzerinden yansıtılmaktadır. Necîb Mahfûz, romanında Kahire’nin eski bir semtinde yer alan Midak Sokağı’nda yaşayan farklı tabakadaki karakterlerin yaşamları aracılığıyla İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası modernleşme ve materyalist hayat düzeninin getirdiği toplumsal sorunları okuyucuya sunmaktadır. Halide Edip Adıvar, eserinde hayatları Âkile Hanım Sokağı’nda kesişen toplumun farklı kesimlerine ait karakterler aracılığıyla modernleşme ve Amerikan yaşam tarzına özenti ile oluşan manevi bozulmaları ortaya koyarken eğitim ile karakteri sağlam inşa edilmiş milli değerlerine bağlı münevver Türk erkeği ve kadınını idealize etmektedir. Bu çalışmada iki romanın modernleşme, ahlaki değerlerin bozulması, din, sınıf ayırımı, siyaset, karı-koca arasındaki ilişkiler ve kadınların çalışması temaları açısından bir karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır.
A atuação da gestão na qualidade de vida dos colaboradores.
Authors: Schmidt Karen Thaísa , Dalmolin Veit Yasmin Milene
Published: July 2020

Neste estudo, buscamos compreender como a gestão pode atuar para que os colaboradores alcancem a qualidade de vida no trabalho, no que tange os aspectos físicos, psicológicos, ambientais e organizacionais, sendo esses, os condicionantes para qualidade de vida, tanto para os colaboradores quanto para a gestão. Dessa forma, apresentamos como temática, a atuação da gestão na qualidade de vida dos colaboradores, tema esse, que se apresentou desafiador, pois trata de um ponto sensível das organizações, seus colaboradores e seu bem estar. Para isso, a metodologia do estudo baseia-se na pesquisa bibliográfica, a partir de análises em livros e artigos,o que nos proporcionou o alcance do objetivo proposto. O desenvolvimento deste trabalho permitiu elencar os fatores condicionantes da qualidade de vida no trabalho, bem como outras situações que dificultam o relacionamento dos gestores com os colaboradores e principalmente analisar e refletir sobre a atuação da gestão na obtenção da qualidade de vida dos colaboradores. A partir disso, compreendemos que há maneiras para a gestão condicionar o atingimento da qualidade de vida, buscando proporcionar condições favoráveis de trabalho, preocupando-se e promovendo a higiene ocupacional, motivação e segurança no trabalho de forma que esses fatores possibilitem um ambiente profissional adequado para realização de suas funções, alcance das metas e objetivos tanto para os colaboradores quanto para a organização.
O JOGO DE XADREZ COMO TECNOLOGIA PARA O PROCESSO DE ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM
Authors: Rios Rodriguez Paulo Virgilio , Brusamolin Valério , Dos Santos Vinicius Silva Rodrigues
Published: July 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo abordar uma visão do jogo de xadrez, no campo da Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS), como uma tecnologia para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Para isso, buscou-se definições de referenciais no campo de estudos de CTS. Essa revisão norteou os argumentos para a construção de um breve histórico sobre o jogo e o jogo de xadrez na cultura e, posteriormente, sobre a utilização do jogo de xadrez como ferramenta para o ensino e a aprendizagem. Em seguida, foram explicitados alguns benefícios da prática do jogo de xadrez e como esses benefícios se relacionam com a interação do jogo como uma tecnologia de aprendizagem. Por fim, foram apresentadas definições de tecnologia e argumentado como o jogo de xadrez se adequa a essas definições, constituindo-se, portanto, em uma tecnologia; avaliou-se, então, a multifacetada atuação que possui, chegando-se à defesa de que o jogo de xadrez é um artefato tecnológico que surgiu como um jogo para simular situações estratégicas e táticas de batalhas e guerras, sendo redefinido como esporte, lazer, cultura, diversão, entretenimento e ferramenta pedagógica, podendo ser praticado por alunos, professores e amadores e estando inserido em um contexto social, esportivo, cultural e educacional.
O PRINCÍPIO RESPONSABILIDADE E O IDEAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO: UMA ANÁLISE DA INTERAÇÃO PORTO-CIDADE NO PLANO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO E ZONEAMENTO DO PORTO DE PARANAGUÁ
Authors: Smak Kellen , Da Silva Sidney Reinaldo
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho tem por objetivo estabelecer uma análise crítica referente ao ideal de desenvolvimento da sociedade sob a ótica do princípio responsabilidade, formulado pelo filósofo alemão Hans Jonas e desdobrado em sua obra O princípio responsabilidade de 1979. Tal formulação adquire um caráter de imperativo para ação, chamado de princípio responsabilidade. A partir dessa formulação, Jonas assume que há uma catástrofe iminente, caso a humanidade persista na ideia de progresso a qualquer custo dada a exploração desenfreada de recursos naturais que foram levados ao esgotamento em prol do irresistível desenvolvimento tecnológico de nossa civilização. A partir de tal princípio objetiva-se estabelecer uma abordagem crítica do ideal de progresso/desenvolvimento no sentido de entender qual o seu lugar no que se refere à relação entre o porto e a cidade de Paranaguá. Para esta abordagem foi utilizada a metodologia qualitativa de pesquisa por meio de uma revisão de literatura de autores que abordam a temática do progresso e da responsabilidade. Com isso, foi feita uma análise do Plano de Desenvolvimento e Zoneamento do Porto de Paranaguá, considerando especificamente o ponto em que se estabelece a relação do porto com a cidade de Paranaguá. A partir disso, buscou-se problematizar o ideal de progresso e sustentabilidade a que comumente é associado o transporte marítimo considerando o seu potencial impacto no meio.
Juventude, criatividade e agência política
Authors: Campos Ricardo , Sarrouy Alix
Published: July 2020

Este artigo tem por base um projecto em curso em Portugal (2019-2021) que visa reflectir sobre as dimensões menos visíveis da participação dos jovens na vida pública contemporânea, explorando o que designamos por “Artes da cidadania”. Este conceito remete para territórios não-institucionais de construção da cidadania e de participação na esfera política que recorrem a dinâmicas criativas diversas. Falamos do uso do corpo, das ruas e de outros recursos, para a construção de linguagens e conteúdos estéticos (sonoros, performativos, visuais, digitais, etc.) no âmbito da participação política e do exercício da cidadania. Deste modo, procuramos entender como a agência política está associada à agência criativa na juventude, uma articulação que tem sido amplamente estudada e debatida no âmbito dos estudos juvenis. Importa actualizar esta reflexão, num período histórico que tem sido marcado por uma crescente presença e mobilização dos jovens em prol de diversas causas.
FGF21 and its Relationship with Inflammatory and Metabolic Parameters in HIV Patients after Antiretroviral Treatment
Authors: Ruiz-Padilla Alan Joel , Ruiz-Noa Yeniley , del Rocio Ibarra-Reynoso Lorena , Lazo-de-la-Vega-Monroy Maria-Luisa , Alonso-Castro Angel Josabad , Sánchez-Barajas Mauricio , Alvarez-Alvarez Rosa Margarita , del Carmen Preciado-Puga Mónica
Published: July 2020

Background:

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) serum levels are associated with insulin
resistance and metabolic syndrome in HIV patients.

Objective:

To quantify FGF21 levels in HIV patients using antiretroviral therapy (ART) and to analyze
a possible association between serum FGF21 levels and lipid profile, levels of proinflammatory
cytokines, and atherogenic risk factors.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty patients with HIV infection, who received ART in a scheme consisting
of Tenofovir/Emtricitabine+Lopinavir/Ritonavir, were enrolled in this study. The serum levels
of FGF21, inflammatory parameters (IL-6 and IL-1β), glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin
were determined at baseline and after 36 weeks of treatment. The homeostatic model assessment
for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the atherogenic risk factor were also calculated.

Results:

After 36 weeks, serum FGF21 levels decreased significantly (p=0.011), whereas IL-6 levels
(r=0.821, p=0.0001) and the CD4+ T cell count (r=0.446, p=0.048), showed a positive correlation
with the decrease in FGF21 levels. There was an increase in total cholesterol (r=-0.483,
p=0.031), LDL (r=-0.496, p=0.026), VLDL (r=-0.320, p=0.045), and the atherogenic index factor
(r=-0.539, p=0.014), these values showed a negative correlation with FGF21 levels.

Conclusions:

The decrease of serum FGF21 levels due to ART is associated with the alteration in
lipid profile and an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. These variations are predictors of inflammatory
status in HIV patients using antiretroviral therapy.
Synthesis and In silico Studies of Quinazolinone Derivatives as PARP-1 Inhibitors
Authors: Verma Sonia , Pathania Akashdeep Singh , Baranwal Somesh , Kumar Pradeep
Published: July 2020

Background:

Cancer is a leading cause of deaths worldwide, accounting for 9.6 million
deaths in 2018. According to the WHO, the most common causes of cancer deaths are lung, colorectal,
stomach liver and breast cancer.

Introduction:

PARP-1 has a crucial role in cell proliferation, survival and death due to its role in the regulation
of multiple biological processes. Quinazolinone and its derivatives represent a large class of biologically
active compounds that exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities such as anti-HIV, anticancer, antifungal,
antibacterial, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antimalarial, antioxidant and antileishmanial
activities.

Methods:

In this study, we have synthesized quinazolinone derivatives by reaction of 2-
aminobenzamide and substituted benzaldehydes. The synthesized compounds were also screened in
silico for their PARP-1 binding affinities by molecular docking studies using Schrodinger 2016
software. In silico ADME studies were also performed for the synthesized compounds by using
QikProp tool of Schrodinger software.

Results:

Results of in silico studies indicated that quinazolinone derivatives exhibited a good affinity
towards the active site of PARP-1. Out of all synthesized compounds, SVA-11 exhibited a maximum
dock score (-10.421). Results of ADME studies indicated the suitability of synthesized compounds
as drug candidates.

Conclusion:

The synthesized compounds showed better docking scores than reference drug valiparib.
Furthermore, they exhibited favorable ADME profile. Therefore, they may serve as lead compounds
in the discovery of PARP-1 inhibitors.
Thioaurones: Recent Advances in Synthesis, Reactivity, and Biological Activity
Authors: Bakhouch Mohamed , Es-Sounni Bouchra , Nakkabi Asmae , El Yazidi Mohamed
Published: July 2020

Thioaurones are known for more than one hundred years; however, they are relatively less
studied. In some way, due to their appealing as a candidate of photoswitchable molecules, they have
led to generating considerable interest in the last years. In this literature survey, we report and discuss
the recent advancements made in the synthesis, reactivity and applications of the thioaurone derivatives.
To a great extent, the review summarizes published works from different databases since 2005.
Two-pot Oxidative Preparation of Dicarboxylic Acid Containing Cellulose
for the Removal of Beryllium (Be2+) from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Özdemir Vedat Tolga , Tuğaç Himmet Mert , Arar Özgür
Published: July 2020

Background:

Cellulose is one of the most abundant, non-toxic, and renewable natural biopolymers. The presence
of hydroxyl groups in cellulose leads to further modification of it. Preparation and modification of cellulose-based sorbents
and their applications on water treatment gained traction in recent years.

Objective:

A low-cost and eco-friendly biosorbent was designed and fabricated by introducing the acetate functional groups
into cellulose for removing Beryllium (Be2+) from an aqueous solution. The so
rption of Be2+ on acetate containing cellulose
was evaluated for varying sorbent doses and initial solution pH values.

Method:

The sorbent was prepared by a two-step oxidation process. In the initial step, cellulose reacted with NaIO4 and
aldehyde groups were introduced to cellulose. In the second step, newly obtained aldehyde groups were oxidized to create
acetate groups.

Results:

The kinetics of the sorption process showed that Be2+ uptake reached equilibrium in 3 minutes. The sorption
isotherm was well fitted in the Langmuir model, and maximum sorption capacity was 4.54 mg/g. Moreover, the
thermodynamic studies demonstrated that Be2+ sorption is spontaneous and exothermic. Furthermore, the prepared sorbent
can be regenerated by using 0.1 M HCl or H2SO4 solutions.

Conclusion:

Removal of Be2+ is pH dependent and it is favorable at high solution pH. The kinetics of the prepared sorbent
is rapid and equilibrium attained in 3 minutes. The prepared sorbent can be regenerated with 0.1 M acid solution with >
99% efficiency.
Structural, Vibrational, Electrical, Electrochemical and Capacitive Investigations on Ionic Liquid Doped P (VDF-HFP) + NaSCN Based Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Manfo Azemtsop T. , Singh Pramod K. , Mehra R.M. , Singh R.C. , Gupta Meenal
Published: July 2020

Background:

Solid polymer electrolyte (SPEs) films based on poly (vinylidene
fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) P(VDF–HFP) and sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) are prepared
using the solution casting technique.

Methods:

Ionic liquid (IL; 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tricyanomethanide ([EMIM]
[TCM]) is incorporated into the prepared polymer-salt complex matrix to enhance its ionic
conductivity further. Polarized optical microscopy (POM) shows a change in the surface
morphology of IL doped polymer electrolyte films. The composite nature of polymer electrolyte
films is confirmed using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy via studying
ion-ion and ion-polymer interactions. The structural morphology of ionic liquid doped
polymer electrolyte films (ILDPE) confirms the complexation between the ionic liquid
([EMIM][TCM]), salt (NaSCN) and polymer P(VDF-HFP). This is further confirmed using
DSC and XRD measurements. The XRD structural analysis confirms that the intensity of
crystalline peaks present in IL doped solid polymer electrolyte films decreases as compared
to that of the pure polymer as well as polymer salt complex system. XRD clearly indicates
the enhancement in its amorphous nature, which is necessary to increase the conductivity.

Results:

The incorporation of IL into polymer salt-complex matrix leads to changes in the
melting of polymer electrolytes, confirmed by DSC thermograms. Polymer electrolyte films
are also characterized using impedance spectroscopy (IS) to check their electrical properties.
The highest ionic conductivity is found to be 7.80×10-4 S cm-1 for 6 wt% IL doped polymer
electrolyte film.

Conclusion:

The Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) analysis shows that the optimized polymer
gel electrolyte is electrochemically stable up to 1.5 V. The calculated value of ionic
transference number (tion) is found to be 0.985. A laboratory scale electrical double layer capacitor
(EDLC) has been fabricated using this highly conducting polymer electrolyte film.
The specific capacitance value is found to be 1.31 F g-1.
Tıp Fakültesi Öğrencilerinde Nomofobi Düzeyleri ve Akademik Başarıları Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: AKBAŞ GÜNEŞ Nurcan , GÜCÜK Sebahat
Published: July 2020

Amaç: Nomofobi, bireyin cep telefonu ya da internet üzerinden iletişim kuramama korkusuna verilen bir isimdir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinde nomofobi düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve bunun akademik başarıları üzerine olan etkilerinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte yapılan bu çalışmamıza 19-24 yaş aralığında toplam 332 tıp fakültesi öğrencisi dahil edildi. Öğrencilere Nomofobi Ölçeği (NMP-Q) uygulandı. Nomofobi Ölçeği skorları ile akademik başarıları arasındaki ilişki değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Çalışmamıza katılan katılımcıların 198’i (%59.6) kız, 134’ü (%40.4) erkek öğrenciydi. Katılımcıların NMP-Q skorları değerlendirildiğinde %36.1 (120)’i hafif düzeyde, %52.4 (174)’ü orta düzeyde, %11.4 (38)’ü aşırı düzeyde olarak tespit edilmiştir. NMP-Q skorları ile öğrencilerin akademik başarılarının etkilenip etkilenmediği değerlendirildiğinde istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur (p=0.018).NMP-Q skorları arttıkça akademik başarılarının daha fazla düştüğü tespit edilmiştir. Bilgiye erişememe ve bağlantıyı kaybetme korkusu olanlarda akademik başarılarının daha çok düştüğü görülmüştür. Sonuç: Tıp eğitimi hem uzun hem de zor bir eğitim süreci içermektedir. Eğitim kalitesinin artırılmasında teknolojik cihazlar işimizi kolaylaştırabilir. Fakat öğrencilere sınırlı kullanımın olması gerektiği anlatılmalıdır. Bu durum zamanında önlem alınmazsa, ilerleyen zamanda bir halk sağlığı sorunu olarak karşımıza çıkabilir.
Estimación de cambios temporales de la condición corporal del borrego cimarrón (Ovis canadensis weemsi) a partir de fotointerpretación
Authors: Guerrero-Cárdenas Israel , Alvarez-Cárdenas Sergio , Gallina Sonia , Corcuera Pablo , Romero-Figueroa Guillermo , Lozano-Cavazos Eloy Alejandro , Tovar-Zamora Ivonne , Guerrero-Tovar Iker Yvan
Published: July 2020

A partir de una escala de cinco puntos como método no invasivo, se analizaron imágenes obtenidas por foto trampeo, para visualizar partes corporales (espina dorsal, costillas y cadera) de los borregos, y detectar cambios estacionales de la condición corporal de machos y hembras evaluando el consumo de proteína obtenida a partir de su contenido en los forrajes. Se emplearon 20 cámaras trampa, ubicadas particularmente en cuerpos de agua superficiales. Se identificaron 199 animales en los dos años de muestreo; 120 en 2010 y 79 en 2011. Respecto a la escala de puntuación, se encontró un mayor número de individuos en las categorías C3 (moderada, n = 109), C2 (mala, n = 44), C4 (buena, n = 32) y con el menor número C5 (excelente, n = 9) y C1 (muy mala, n = 5). Se observó una correlación positiva entre las categorías de condición corporal y el consumo de proteína (r = 0.40, P < 0.05). La proteína cruda fue la variable explicativa de mayor importancia, relacionándose positivamente con las categorías de condición corporal (R2 = 0.166, F= 38.8, P <0.0001) de los borregos. En general, los borregos se observaron en categorías intermedias de condición corporal (C3). Las hembras se encontraron en las categorías de muy mala, mala y moderada. Los machos se encontraron en moderada, buena y excelente condición corporal. Este método permitió visualizar y analizar la condición corporal de los borregos en diferentes épocas, siendo posible utilizarlos como herramienta para detectar cambios en el hábitat natural (cantidad y calidad del forraje) y aplicarlo como un método alternativo dentro de las estrategias de manejo y conservación de las poblaciones naturales de borrego cimarrón.
Descripción de los estados inmaduros de Phyllophaga (Phytalus) totoreana y Phyllophaga (Phyllophaga) opaca del norte de Sinaloa, México
Authors: Cuate-Mozo Víctor Alfonso , Aragón-García Agustín , Lugo-García Gabriel Antonio , Reyes Olivas Álvaro , Aragón-Sánchez Miguel , Pérez-Torres Betzabeth Cecilia
Published: July 2020

Se presentan las descripciones de larvas de tercer estadio de Phyllophaga (Phytalus) totoreana Morón y Phyllophaga (Phyllophaga) opaca Moser con ejemplares colectados asociados a las raíces de Pennisetum sp. (Poaceae) y al cultivo de maíz (Zea mays L.) (Poaceae) establecidos entre los 118–119 m de altitud en el municipio del Fuerte, Sinaloa, México. Se incluyen ilustraciones de las estructuras características, comentarios sobre las similitudes con larvas de otras especies y una clave taxonómica para la identificación de las larvas de Phyllophaga en México.
EVALUATION OF LEVEL OF SERVICE (LOS) ON ROUTES OF SMART BUS IN KAJANG, SELANGOR
Authors: Mat Shukri Nur Shazreena , Ponrahono Zakiah , Nur Sunoto Yakin , Wan Ghazali Wan Noratikah Wahidah
Published: July 2020

Level of service (LOS) is a method used for the development of transportation infrastructure designations based on a specific analysis. The concept of LOS lies on the importance of an assessment of roadway operational performance services for the improvement of bus service delivery. A high performance of bus service delivery could relatively influence the satisfaction level of its users. This study assesses the LOS of three main designated routes of SMART buses in Kajang Selangor (KJ01, KJ02, and KJ03). The SMART buses are free buses provided under a free transit programme which aims to encourage people to use public transportation. An on-board survey and inventory observation were employed to collect the data. Findings indicate that KJ01, KJ02, and KJ03 fall under the category of LOS D considering the attributes of service frequency, service hours, passenger load/thresholds, and speed of bus. The discovery may serve as a useful guidance for the development of a comprehensive plan for LOS to be coordinated in improving the service quality of bus transportation.
Assessment of Population Well-Being With the Mental Health Quotient (MHQ): Development and Usability Study
Authors: Newson Jennifer Jane , Thiagarajan Tara C
Published: July 2020

Background

Existing mental health assessment tools provide an incomplete picture of symptom experience and create ambiguity, bias, and inconsistency in mental health outcomes. Furthermore, by focusing on disorders and dysfunction, they do not allow a view of mental health and well-being across a general population.

Objective

This study aims to demonstrate the outcomes and validity of a new web-based assessment tool called the Mental Health Quotient (MHQ), which is designed for the general population. The MHQ covers the complete breadth of clinical mental health symptoms and also captures healthy mental functioning to provide a complete profile of an individual’s mental health from clinical to thriving.

Methods

The MHQ was developed based on the coding of symptoms assessed in 126 existing Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)–based psychiatric assessment tools as well as neuroscientific criteria laid out by Research Domain Criteria to arrive at a comprehensive set of semantically distinct mental health symptoms and attributes. These were formulated into questions on a 9-point scale with both positive and negative dimensions and developed into a web-based tool that takes approximately 14 min to complete. As its output, the assessment provides overall MHQ scores as well as subscores for 6 categories of mental health that distinguish clinical and at-risk groups from healthy populations based on a nonlinear scoring algorithm. MHQ items were also mapped to the DSM fifth edition (DSM-5), and clinical diagnostic criteria for 10 disorders were applied to the MHQ outcomes to cross-validate scores labeled at-risk and clinical. Initial data were collected from 1665 adult respondents to test the tool.

Results

Scores in the normal healthy range spanned from 0 to 200 for the overall MHQ, with an average score of approximately 100 (SD 45), and from 0 to 100 with average scores between 48 (SD 21) and 55 (SD 22) for subscores in each of the 6 mental health subcategories. Overall, 2.46% (41/1665) and 13.09% (218/1665) of respondents were classified as clinical and at-risk, respectively, with negative scores. Validation against DSM-5 diagnostic criteria showed that 95% (39/41) of those designated clinical were positive for at least one DSM-5–based disorder, whereas only 1.14% (16/1406) of those with a positive MHQ score met the diagnostic criteria for a mental health disorder.

Conclusions

The MHQ provides a fast, easy, and comprehensive way to assess population mental health and well-being; identify at-risk individuals and subgroups; and provide diagnosis-relevant information across 10 disorders.
Digital Health Tools and Patients With Drug Use Disorders: Qualitative Patient Experience Study of the Electronic Case-Finding and Help Assessment Tool (eCHAT)
Authors: Choy Melinda Ada , Sturgiss Elizabeth , Goodyear-Smith Felicity , Smith Gavin JD
Published: July 2020

Background

One of the promises of digital health is to better engage patients and improve care for vulnerable populations. Patients with drug use disorders are a vulnerable population who often do not receive the care they need, both for their drug use disorders as well as their other health care needs. Appropriate primary care for patients with drug use disorders needs to be patient-centered, holistic, highly accessible, and engaging. The electronic Case-finding and Help Assessment Tool (eCHAT) was designed as a patient-centered tool for the identification and measurement of problematic health behaviors and mood states.

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore the patient experience of eCHAT at an Australian family medicine clinic for patients with drug use disorders.

Methods

A total of 12 semistructured interviews were conducted with patients, two interviews were conducted with doctors, and one focus group was conducted with patient advocates who were former patients of the clinic where the study took place. The transcripts were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results

The key themes identified from the interviews and the focus group were as follows: (1) eCHAT helped reduce stigma related to drug use in the doctor-patient consultation, (2) restricted answer options impacted the ability of patients to tell their stories, (3) patient-related response factors, (4) increased efficiency in the consultation process, and (5) divergence in level of concern around security and privacy.

Conclusions

eCHAT has the potential to help vulnerable patients in primary care to engage more with their doctors and reduce experiences of stigma. eCHAT may be a useful digital health intervention in a family medicine clinic for patients with drug use disorders. It has the potential to improve patient engagement and access to health care, which are crucial areas of need in this vulnerable population. However, it is important to clearly communicate the privacy risk of digital health tools and to implement eCHAT such that it will add value to, rather than displace, in-person consultations with the family doctor.