bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Slice of Tourism: The Nature, Dimensions and Geographies of International Golf Tourism in New Zealand
Authors:   , Gazley Chris
Published: November 2021

Tourism is one of the largest and fastest growing industries in the world and for New Zealand it is the most important industry along with dairy. Of the 2.5 million tourists who visit New Zealand each year, it is estimated that around 65,000 (3%) of visitors will play at least one game of golf while in the country. New Zealand’s profile as a golfing destination has increased in recent years and now boasts a number of the worlds top ranked courses. This, along with the low cost of playing golf in New Zealand has made it an attractive golfing destination. This thesis aims to gain a greater insight into the nature and dimensions of the golf tourism industry in New Zealand and of those who visit. This research was conducted through a range of interviews with 19 stakeholders in the golf tourism industry, as well as a golfer’s questionnaire to which 44 international visitors responded. This research has found that international golf tourism plays an important role for many golf courses throughout New Zealand and the number of visitors is on the rise. These visitors tend to be wealthier and spend more money than the average tourist during their stay and so the benefits of increasing this market go beyond what is spent on the golf course alone. However, New Zealand must first overcome a number of barriers if international golf tourism is to reach its full potential. The key barriers to growth are New Zealand’s geographic isolation, the large distances between New Zealand’s top courses, competition from other golfing destinations and a lack of marketing to increase the awareness of New Zealand as a golfing destination.
Observations and Modelling of Precipitation in the Southern Alps of New Zealand
Authors:   , Stuart Stephen John
Published: November 2021

Precipitation in the central Southern Alps affects glaciation, river flows and key economic activities, yet there is still uncertainty about its spatial distribution and primary influences. Long-term and future patterns of New Zealand precipitation can be estimated by the HadRM3P regional climate model (RCM) - developed by the United Kingdom Met Office - but orographic rainfall in the steep and rugged topography of the Southern Alps is difficult to simulate accurately at the 30-km resolution of the RCM. To quantify empirical relationships, observations of surface rainfall were gathered from rain gauges covering a broad region of the South Island. In four transects of the Hokitika, Franz Josef and Haast regions, the mean annual precipitation maxima of objectively interpolated profiles are consistently located 7-11 km southeast of the New Zealand Alpine Fault. The magnitude and shape of the rainfall profile across the Southern Alps are strongly influenced by the 850-hPa wind direction to the north of the mountain range, as determined by comparing rain-gauge observations to wind vectors from NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1. The observed profile of orographically enhanced rainfall was incorporated into a trivariate spline in order to interpolate precipitation simulated by the RCM. This downscaling method significantly improved the RCM's estimates of mean annual rainfall at stations in the Southern Alps region from 1971 to 2000, and RCM projections of future rainfall in mountainous regions may be similarly refined via this technique. The improved understanding of the observed rainfall distribution in the Southern Alps, as gained from this analysis, has a range of other hydrological applications and is already being used in 'downstream' modelling of glaciers.
Early Childhood Teachers’ Thinking and Reflection within their Communities of Practice
Authors:   , Cherrington Susan Ann
Published: November 2021

This multiple-case study investigated teachers’ thinking and reflection about their interactions with children in three early childhood (EC) centres. Located within a constructivist-interpretive paradigm, the study used video-stimulated recall interviews as the primary data source. Teachers’ interactions with children were video-recorded and used in group interviews with the teaching team to uncover teachers’ thinking and reflections at the time of the interactions and their individual and collective reflections on the episodes. Group interviews enabled insights into teachers’ thinking and reflection to emerge, which would be unlikely in individual interviews.  The study drew upon several theoretical constructs, including reflection-in- and -on-action (Schön, 1983, 1987), interactive thinking (Mitchell & Marland, 1989), communities of practice (Lave & Wenger, 1991; Wenger, 1998) and the literature on professional learning communities to understand teachers’ thinking and reflection and how these were mediated by the team.  The study found that children are central to teachers’ thinking about their interactions. Teachers held extensive knowledge about individual children, and their emphasis on relationships and being responsive to children provides empirical evidence of relational pedagogy (Papatheodorou & Moyles, 2008) and of teachers’ engagement with the philosophical underpinnings of Te Whāriki (Ministry of Education, 1996). The study also found teachers were less able to articulate their thinking and reflections about their own teaching intentions, use of teaching strategies, and the theories and principles influencing their practices.  These findings are represented in a model of EC teacher thinking, using a mat or whāriki as a metaphor for teachers’ thinking. The model presents a whāriki that, woven from broad, robust child- and curriculum-focused strands and narrower, weaker teacher-focused strands, has gaps and thus, is weakened. The thesis argues that the child-centred discourse evident in the data is reflective of a broader early childhood education (ECE) discourse that backgrounds teaching, and that greater attention to teaching and to teacher thinking is necessary to strengthen teaching and learning in ECE settings.  The study revealed how each case study team operated as a uniquely framed and patterned community of practice, providing empirical evidence of the usefulness of Wenger’s (1998) community of practice model for understanding how teaching teams mediate individual teachers’ thinking and practices. Concepts from professional learning community literature informed analysis of teachers’ engagement in collective reflection about their practices, resulting in a contribution to this literature from an EC perspective.
Getting the Message: Development Communication Strategies in the Kingdom of Tonga
Authors:   , Lewis Kennith Robert
Published: November 2021

All development initiatives comprise a communications component, whether a public notice in the local newspaper, community meetings or a mass media public awareness campaign. But communication within development involves more than simply informing recipient populations of initiatives, events and targets. Communication is central to eliciting buy-in and creating a sense of community ownership; it is integral to maintaining public trust through the transparency and accountability it encourages; and, most importantly, it allows target populations to have their say in development initiatives that impact on their lives. Different countries, cultures and socio-political conditions will suit different communication types. Determining factors include, literacy rates, geographic distance, telecommunications infrastructure, religion, culture and politics. This thesis examines the communication strategies deployed by NGOs working in the Kingdom of Tonga. These strategies are analysed in the context of wider political, cultural and mass media conditions, with particular reference to the state of Tonga’s news media. In-country research for this thesis was conducted at the culmination of a tumultuous period for the Pacific’s only Constitutional Monarchy. Tonga has experienced rapid socio-political changes in recent decades with an increasingly dependent economy, growing challenges to traditional institutions and the crowning of a new King in 2006. In November 2010, the nation elected the first Parliament in 135 years to give commoners, rather than nobles, the majority in the Legislative Assembly. The General Election was conducted under an amended constitution, and was the first since riots destroyed much of the capital of Nuku’alofa four years earlier. With these events as a backdrop, this research asks what forms of communication work best in Tonga? Are these as effective on the relatively developed main island of Tongatapu as remote, outer islands? And what role does mainstream media play in keeping the population informed of development issues?
Clickers, Best Uses and Benefits
Authors:   , Herrera Hernández Renato
Published: November 2021

This study provides an analysis of the use student response systems in undergraduate and postgraduate classrooms. Research was conducted utilising a qualitative analysis approach, grounding theories by reviewing related literature, interviewing lecturers and conducting class observation. The study was carried out over two consecutive trimesters, summer 2010 and first trimester of 2011, at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. By conducting this research it is hoped to help improving the quality of teaching. Within this study, it was determined that student response systems are useful for both engaging student and increasing their overall enjoyment of the class. The benefit of using student response systems in the classroom was also found to be dependent on preserving the novelty of the technology and keeping students’ responses anonymous, by redesigning lecturers to have proper student response system questions in order to make the most out of the technology. Overall, this study determined that the decision whether or not to utilise student response systems in the classroom should be made based on the level of education of the class and its objectives, whether it is a lecture, tutorial or seminar, with clickers working best in large size, undergraduate classrooms.
Evaluating a Regional Approach to a National Problem: The 'Pacific Plan' and Poverty Reduction in the Kingdom of Tonga
Authors:   , Cocker Chesna
Published: November 2021

Many national governments today insist that poverty reduction is the central objective of all development initiatives and policies. Increasingly however, poverty reduction initiatives have shifted away from a people-centered approach towards a focus on macroeconomic growth via a neo-liberal agenda, often promoted through regional agreements, in an attempt to meet the development needs of nations. This research seeks to explore the effectiveness of a regional approach to poverty reduction within the Pacific, using the Pacific Plan and the Kingdom of Tonga's 'Strategic Development Plan Eight' (2006/7-2008/9) as a case study, to examine the extent to which regional initiatives meet national goals for poverty reduction and development. As an interpretive study, semistructured interviews, literature analysis and focus groups were utilized in the research process in which the contributions of policy-influencers in Nuku'Alofa, and youth and villagers in Vava'u were sought. This research found that Tonga's national development plan had been heavily influenced by the dominant approach to development as exercised by the Pacific Plan in adopting a neo-liberal framework for development, seeking economic growth via the liberalization of trade and markets. Additionally this research sought to examine the perceptions of living standards in Tonga by those interviewed and the extent to which the government addressed these. What emerged was a clear indication that while the villagers felt they were coping, basic infrastructure was lacking which would aid their ability to go about their daily livelihood activities and to offer further opportunities for livelihood diversification. The overriding theme of 'self-help' seemingly adopted by the citizens and perpetuated by the policy-influencers was a clear indication that the Tongan government saw solutions to the reduction of hardship as lying with the citizens themselves. This also pointed to a possible requirement for the government to utilize their resources towards meeting the restructuring efforts needed in facilitating the regional frameworks and processes of the Pacific Plan as well as adhering to donor requirements rather than in directing these towards much needed social spending. An awareness of Tonga's place in the world as a unique nation, but one experiencing change at a rapid pace, which at times resulted in hardship, was evident. The research also suggests that although a dominant neo-liberal approach is adopted in both the SDP8 and the Pacific Plan, it may not be a best fit to effectively address poverty alleviation and the reduction of hardship for Tonga. Key words: regionalism, Tonga, poverty, Pacific Plan, development.
Let Them Eat Cake: Gender, Nationalism and Tyranny in Revolutionary France and Russia
Authors:   , Eldred-Grigg Hugh
Published: November 2021

The origin of the phrase ‘let them eat cake’ is obscure. Conversely, it is widely understood that the woman whose name is most associated with the phrase, Marie Antoinette, the last pre-revolutionary Queen of France, never said it. But despite its lack of veracity the phrase demonstrates neatly the degree of disdain and anger directed at the Queen to the point where hatred becomes a useful term. This hatred was not unique to Marie Antoinette. While there is no phrase to highlight her role in the public eye, Alexandra Fedorovna, the last Czarina of Russia, was the focus of parallel disdain. Despite the timescale their situations are strikingly similar. The French and Russian revolutions form the backdrop for the close of these two women’s lives. Political historians de-emphasise the role of individual actors in shaping events, but the events of individual lives – or more precisely, the way in which those events are interpreted in the public sphere – can provide an insight into the impersonal events that constitute noteworthy targets of analysis. This study identifies a common dynamic that explains the reason why Marie Antoinette and Alexandra Fedorovna were both the target of such intense hatred during the revolutions that overthrew the systems they were part of and contributed collectively and individually to the shaping of the modern world.
Motivating Public Transport Use: Travel Behaviour and Integrated Ticketing for Greater Wellington
Authors:   , Morley Camilla
Published: November 2021

Car use is engrained in our culture. Changing behaviour towards using more sustainable travel modes such as public transport is notoriously difficult, despite the increasing awareness of environmental problems caused by car use. Integrated ticketing is a policy measure more recently used in strategies towards achieving integrated and sustainable transport systems. It allows a passenger to travel with one public transport ticket throughout a region. This research uses a mixed method approach to assess how integrated ticketing may affect public transport use in Greater Wellington. The psychological constructs determining decisions to use public transport are tested using an integrated environmental behaviour model proposed by Bamberg and Möser (2007). The results support the integrated modelling approach. Intentions to use public transport are indirectly affected by awareness of environmental problems caused by car use mediated through social norms, guilt, perceived behavioural control and attitude. The intention to use public transport explains 56% of the variance in public transport behaviour. Integrated ticketing presents an opportunity to increase the ease and convenience of travel, shown to be important in the model. The majority of survey respondents perceived that they would use integrated ticketing in Greater Wellington and that it was important both on a regional and national scale. Achieving an effective integrated ticketing system in Greater Wellington will be conditional on firstly improving public transport service reliability and stakeholder communication. Integrating fares across the region and across modes will also be crucial to the success of the system.
‘The Hero Stuff’ and the ‘Softer Side of Things’: Exploring Masculinities in Gendered Police Reform in Timor-Leste
Authors:   , Bevan Marianne
Published: November 2021

This thesis investigates how New Zealand and East Timorese police officers involved in United Nations’ police reform understand and conceptualise masculinities. It explores how these conceptualisations compare to how masculinities are defined and outlined in United Nations’ gender policies. The United Nations have increasingly attempted to address gender in their policing work; however, within these policies, gender has continued to be equated with women and women’s issues while men’s gender identities remain invisible. My research contributes to emerging discussions about how an understanding of masculinities could be better incorporated into gendered police reform. I explore this through the case of the New Zealand Police Community Policing Pilot Programme (CPPP), a capacity building programme carried out within the wider United Nations Police mission in Timor-Leste. By speaking to New Zealand and East Timorese police officers, this research articulates how police officers themselves conceptualise policing masculinities and interpret how masculinities are framed in gender policy. My research finds that within both the East Timorese Police and the New Zealand Police involved in the CPPP, there is evidence of a variety of policing masculinities. These findings highlight the fluidity of masculinity and the processes that police officers can go through in order to challenge problematic constructions of masculinity. This provides important theoretical and practical insights into how positive masculinities can be promoted through gendered approaches to police reform. By investigating the ways in which the police interpret the United Nations’ approach to gender, this research finds that the continued framing of gender as a women’s issue in policy acts as a barrier to the police seeing masculinities as part of gendered reform.
Group Mentoring of New Graduate Midwives: Emerging Professional Capacity: A Naturalistic Inquiry
Authors:   , Lennox Susan Maree
Published: November 2021

This research explores an innovative group mentoring model developed at the request of four newly graduated midwives who were mentored as a group by four experienced midwives. Since virtually all research on mentoring, both internationally and in New Zealand assumes that mentoring is a one-to-one activity, this study aimed to describe how this group mentoring model operated and explore whether it was successful in supporting new midwives to gain confidence. A naturalistic study design was used with a mixed methods approach to collecting and analysing a large amount of richly descriptive data. Data were gathered from records of individual contacts between mentors and new graduates, from a series of interviews with each of the eight participants, and from the actual audio recordings of regular group mentoring meetings across the mentoring year. Simple descriptive analysis of quantitative data and detailed thematic analysis of qualitative data were undertaken. The study found the group mentoring model provided everything that is expected of one-to-one mentoring and the new graduates felt well supported as they gained confidence during their first year in practice as autonomous self-employed midwives. The group model provided new graduates with 24/7 one-to-one mentor support whenever they asked for it. This was found to occur mostly in the first half of the year and was highly valued. The new graduates and the mentors all agreed that the most important part of the model were the regular group meetings. These meetings were entirely focused on day to day experiences that the new graduates chose to present to the group. Analysis of the meeting transcripts showed that the new graduates' issues ranged across the whole scope of practice; that they were sometimes prompted by self-reflection, sometimes by issues to do with relationships with others, and sometimes by a need to discuss technical matters. The mentors' responses were variously supportive; listening and exploring; directing or informing; and questioning or challenging. The group aspect of this mentoring model added a number of features that would not be possible in one-to-one mentoring. The new graduates valued how the group meetings exposed them to multiple perspectives from several mentors. The group meetings modelled a supportive and collegial way of working together that facilitated their emerging professional capacity now and into their future. The group provided a safe yet challenging space: a "stimulating sanctuary" for the new graduates' development. Overall the study found that group mentoring can successfully meet the needs of new graduates and provides several advantages over one-to-one mentoring. Group mentoring may be a more sustainable model than one-to-one, particularly where there are shortages of mentor midwives available. It is a model that promotes a supportive professional midwife culture, contributes to new knowledge in the area and is the preferred approach to mentoring in the future.
Alternative Approaches to Development: Social Entrepreneurship in the Philippines
Authors:   , Tantingco Hilda Fatima G.
Published: November 2021

Post-development writers contend that development has failed because it created a worldview in which certain places are deemed ‘underdeveloped’ and in need of external assistance based on Western ideals of modernity. They argue that development should be abandoned and ‘alternatives to development’ must now be brought to the fore. However, this proposition is considered to be challenging at best since discussions on ‘alternatives to development’ have been vague and concrete practical examples are rarely given. Nevertheless, the arguments found within post-development thought are significant to current and future development practice and several researchers have attempted to apply post-development ideas into practice. This thesis looks into Social Entrepreneurship, an emerging development approach that seems to build on some of the ideas from post-development thought. It examines how social entrepreneurship has evolved and is defined within the context of the Philippines. The thesis attempts to understand how social entrepreneurship differs from mainstream development approaches and contributes to alternative pathways, through a case study of an NGO engaged in social entrepreneurship — A Single Drop for Safe Water, Philippines. Qualitative methods of observation, secondary data collection, and semi-structured interviews were utilized. The study reveals that social entrepreneurship practices have elements that reflect postdevelopment ideas such as highlighting community strengths, being mindful of local culture and practices, and strengthening the autonomy of community groups. However, social entrepreneurship also features activities that are based on market and business principles including having a profit motive and transferring business skills and knowledge to communities. Thus, social entrepreneurship is neither alternative nor mainstream but has the potential to be both. Development practitioners should be careful in utilizing social entrepreneurship practices, as not to expand neo-liberal ideals.
Why Keep It If You Can’t See It!: an Investigation into Public and Professional Attitudes Towards Collection Care, Access and Utilisation in New Zealand Museums
Authors:   , West Gabrielle Emma-Jean
Published: November 2021

Increasingly museums throughout the world are seeking to work more closely with their communities so that their values, needs and expectations can be better understood. However, problems arise when professional and public understanding is out of step, as can be seen with the frequent popular controversies about museums supposedly ‘locking up their treasures’ in their basements. There is a perceived notion in current museum practice that stored museum collections need to become more accessible and utilised to a greater degree, without jeopardising the care of the collection. The access and utilisation of collections is addressed by museums in the name of public need, yet little research is done on what the public know or think about it. Within museum studies a small amount of literature has skirted around this topic but few have discussed it directly, or conducted research into public and professional attitudes to this issue. This dissertation addresses this gap by conducting original research which canvassed both the museum visiting public and museum professionals for their opinions. The research design was based on both qualitative and quantitative methods: namely surveys, interviews, a review of current museum policy and practice and an analysis of new initiatives in collection development, access and use Internationally and in New Zealand. The data generated revealed a much clearer idea of public understanding from a sample of visitors, and more detailed individual opinions from key professional informants in two local museums in Rotorua and Hamilton. This research will contribute to the literature on museum practice in New Zealand, help the museum sector to approach this often emotionally charged discussion with more information, and also encourage an important debate allowing the visiting public to have a greater say in what they think about the current access to and care of their local stored collections. The dissertation concludes by suggesting that the complexities and commonalities that arose out of all the opinions canvassed offer a framework for future solutions and strategies. There is an urgent need for further research on the thoughts and feelings of the public about collection care, access and utilisation so that New Zealand museums can embark on a journey that will take their stored collections out into the full light of the public realm.
Phi: Designing Wellington Zoo in Harmony with Nature
Authors:   , Brown Logan S
Published: November 2021

The harmonious balance of architecture and nature is undermined by their mutual struggle for control. Their corrosive relationship directly leads to the degradation and displacement of natural ecosystems through economic development, of which modern society is fundamentally reliant. To preserve Earth’s ecology and biodiversity for future generations, architecture needs to become symbiotic with nature. As Adolf Zeising speculated the ratio Phi (the Golden Section) to be the morphological law of nature, this thesis investigates whether its principles can help generate symbiotic architecture. This thesis investigates the historical perception of how Phi relates to nature, and applies its core principles to the development of Wellington Zoo’s ‘Welcome Plaza’. The investigation of Phi finds symbolism to be of central importance reflecting the ancient Pythagorean conception of Aether, later conceived as the medium of electromagnetic fields. The design basis of the Welcome Plaza utilises that which the ratio symbolises, being the Aether and its correlated electromagnetic qualities, rather than deriving its architectural form from the Phi ratio itself. The impact of the Welcome Plaza’s generated form, upon the ecological value of the site, determines the appropriateness of the principles of Phi as a design mechanism. This thesis determines whether the principles ascribed to Phi can be used as a design methodology to generate Wellington Zoo’s Welcome Plaza in a way that is harmonious with nature.
Permanence in Architecture: Is it Relevant? How is Relative Permanence Attainable Now?
Authors:   , Greene Steven D.
Published: November 2021

The typical New Zealand dwelling, which is built in timber and often lightly anchored to site, arguably appears impermanent. This research reviews the idea and relevance of permanence in architecture. It considers symbolic persistence, the durability of architecture on thought and memory, permanence of function and space, architecture as event, reification and sustainability as they relate to permanence.  Permanence is related to durability and durability is explored in terms of resistance to decay, and also its value to the user. It looks in particular at mass, materials and detail; and additionally at the requirement for flexibility in design to achieve durability of use.  Case studies of buildings displaying differing aspirations to permanence are reviewed in terms of durability and analysed using the three components of durability - mass, material and detail. This thesis tests permanence through the design of a dwelling to last and be relevant for 400 years. It finds constructing dwellings for relative permanence as a relevant, sustainable and entirely possible option.
‘Another Tool in the Kete’: Māori Engaging with the International Human Rights Framework
Authors:   , Mackintosh Hannah
Published: November 2021

In this study, I consider how the universal concept of human rights is being engaged with and interpreted by Māori communities in Aotearoa/New Zealand. The rights of indigenous peoples have recently been formally defined within United Nations forums and cemented in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. This research argues that the indigenous rights movement indicates a shift in many of the debates that have dominated the global rights rhetoric to a more evolutionary concept of human rights. It suggests that engaging with these debates has the potential to open up new dialogue within the human rights discourse for alternative ways of considering human rights at the global level. This will impact the way that rights-based approaches to development are implemented, engaged with and utilised at the local level. However, currently little is known about the ways in which indigenous communities are using human rights at the local level. This work focuses on a successful rights-based community development programme as a case study. Through this exploration, I consider the levels of empowerment and the positive impacts that resulted from increased knowledge of human rights in the region. I further present some of the principles inherent in the successful application of a rights-based development project. From a methodological perspective, it provides an exploration into the way that research involving indigenous communities is conducted. As a Pākehā researcher working with Māori communities I had to take extra care to ensure that this research had an ethically sound methodological foundation. Taking a critical perspective, I consider some of the political and social implications of being a non-indigenous researcher working with indigenous communities. This work illustrates that highly ethical, critical methodological approaches are essential to any development work. Overall, the research proposes that Māori concepts of human rights are placed within a distinct cultural framework. Human rights are understood and given meaning through Kaupapa Māori, tikanga and whakapapa. They are also framed within the experiences of a colonial history. This research provides an example of how this universal framework is localised to fit particular historical, local and cultural contexts increasing its potential to be a tool for positive social change. It provides a conceptual, methodological and practical inquiry into rights-based approaches as a way of delivering development.
Instinto predatório e o sentido do desenvolvimento econômico no Brasil Colônia: uma interpretação a partir de uma abordagem institucionalista vebleniana
Authors: Rabelo Freitas Tales
Published: November 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo o resgate da teoria dos instintos de Veblen e, consequentemente, sua incorporação para a concepção de uma abordagem institucionalista alternativa para a leitura das instituições e regularidades do sistema econômico das sociedades. Esta abordagem leva em conta os instintos aflorados em um sistema composto por: hábitos de emulação social, instrumentos de poder e um sistema de motivação presente no interior das organizações produtivas. Em seguida, se utiliza deste novo modelo analítico para interpretar o sentido da dinâmica econômica e social estabelecida no período colonial brasileiro, e também seus impactos nas instituições.
Aportaciones del INIFAP en materia de plagas y enfermedades forestales
Authors: Sánchez Martínez Guillermo , Reséndiz Martínez José Francisco
Published: November 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es proveer información sobre las principales aportaciones que ha hecho el Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP) en materia de plagas y enfermedades forestales, durante sus primeros 35 años de existencia. El estudio se basa en una revisión bibliográfica que comprende el periodo desde la fundación del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, antecesor del INIFAP, hasta el presente. Destaca la aportación de ambos institutos sobre el conocimiento taxonómico, biológico y de control de insectos descortezadores de coníferas (Dendroctonus spp. e Ips spp.), moscas sierra de las coníferas (Zadiprion spp., Neodiprion spp. y Monoctenus spp.), así como de otros defoliadores del orden Lepidoptera y algunas plagas exóticas. En cuanto a enfermedades forestales, son notables los estudios de diagnóstico de los agentes causales de pudriciones y royas, principalmente hongos (Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Cronartium spp, Colletotrichum spp.) y el diagnóstico, impacto y control de plantas parásitas, tanto en bosques naturales como en arbolado urbano y plantaciones. En los últimos años, sobresale la contribución del INIFAP con conocimientos que fundamentan la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-019-SEMARNAT 2017, alusiva a la prevención y control de insectos descortezadores; y el estado del arte sobre las moscas sierra de las coníferas. Este esfuerzo se ha dirigido, fundalmente, al diagnóstico y control de plagas y enfermedades forestales; sin embargo, los investigadores del INIFAP enfrentan el reto de generar información y tecnología que permita prevenir y mitigar los efectos del cambio climático en la salud de los bosques.
Tópicos y perspectivas de la investigación científica sobre el mejoramiento genético de especies perennes en INIFAP
Authors: Vallejo Reyna Miguel Angel , Cob Uicab José Vidal
Published: November 2021

El aumento de requerimientos de bienes y servicios, la degradación de los ecosistemas y el cambio climático conminan a la comunidad científica a buscar alternativas eficientes en el uso y manejo de los recursos forestales maderables y no maderables, así como de otras plantas perennes como los frutales. Por ello, invertir en el progreso de los sistemas agroforestales y el desarrollo de la agroecología es una actividad indispensable. A diferencia de las plantas anuales, en las que las principales técnicas de fitomejoramiento implican hibridación y retrocruzas, en las especies de ciclo de vida largo se deben emplear otros métodos cuya finalidad sea aumentar y mejorar las cualidades útiles para la sociedad. De esta forma se podrán maximizar los beneficios que se obtienen de estas especies y minimizar el impacto ecológico y ambiental. México es un país que por tradición ha dado mayor importancia a la agricultura sobre la forestación y la silvicultura, actividades que hoy día son muy importantes para mitigar los efectos de cambio climático y la conservación de los ecosistemas; sin embargo, instituciones como el Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP) han realizado esfuerzos que buscan contribuir al desarrollo del campo mexicano a través del mejoramiento genético de plantas perennes. El presente texto busca resaltar algunos puntos importantes en cuanto a la historia, las técnicas y algunas experiencias del INIFAP relacionadas a este tema, tan relevante para el bienestar de las sociedades rurales y la conservación de la biodiversidad.
Effects of Spur Dyke’s Orientation on Bed Variation in Channel Bend
Authors: Athar Mohammad , Mansoor Talib , Aggarwal Nishank
Published: November 2021

Spur dykes also known as Groynes are often used to either divert or attract the flow from the main structure to safeguard their life. Those structures may be bridge piers, abutments or any similar hydraulics structures. Spur dykes are also used to save the cutting of banks on concave side of stream. Lots of work have been done in recent past on spur dykes by many investigators in which various hydraulic and geometrical parameters of spur dykes such as discharge, sediment size, flow velocity, shear stress, spur dykes shape, size and submergence etc. are studied in detail. But mostly all the studies were pointed out in straight open channels. Very few studies were done in curved channel and only their similar effects were studied. In present thesis main emphasis is given to study the effect of orientation and location of spur dykes in meandering channel on the bed of downstream side. In the present study experimental work has been carried out in 80° bend and constant discharge (Q = 4.5 l/s) is allowed to pass in channel without spur dyke. It is found that maximum scouring occurs at angular displacement θ = 60° to 80° in the vicinity of outer bank. To minimize this scouring, spur dyke has been installed at angular displacement θ = 20°, 40° & 60° by changing the dyke angle α = 60°, 90° & 120° respectively. It is found that scouring at θ = 60° is reduced by installing spur dyke at angular displacement θ = 40° which is oriented at α = 60° and scouring at θ = 80° is reduced by installing spur dyke at angular displacement θ = 60° which is oriented at α = 60°.
A preliminary investigation of endophytic fungal diversity at Hope, East Coast Demerara, Guyana
Authors: Kimberly Craig  , Abdullah Ansari
Published: November 2021

Foliar endophytic fungi spend a part of their life cycle on the leaves of plants. They may demonstrate no apparent symptoms but may also cause disease at a later time in the plant’s life. Studies investigating foliar fungal endophytes of mangroves are limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the foliar fungal endophytes present on the leaves of three mangrove species: namely Red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), Black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) and White mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa). The study site was an area located at Hope, East Coast Demerara, and South America, Guyana. Out of sixty (60) leaf samples that were prepared, fourteen (14) fungal isolates were identified. Most of the fungi isolated in the study were found to be Hyphomycetes (Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, Alternaria, Cladosporium and Curvularia) while the others were Zygomorphic (Mucor and Rhizopus). The ANOVA calculations for the isolates from the three mangrove species were found to not be statistically significant. R mangle was the preferred host out of the three (3) species. The findings of this study confirm that mangroves have rich endophytic diversity and demonstrate rich research and biochemical potential.
Chinese Opera Art of the Sino-Japanese War Period: Genre through the Lens of Westernization
Authors: Wang Jie
Published: November 2021

The paper aims to present the panorama of the musical theatre genres relevant for Chinese art of the Sino-Japanese War period and to identify the specificity of refraction of the European opera tradition in each of them. The scientific originality of the research lies in the fact that despite the constant attention of the researches to Chinese opera art, the development of the national opera in this period has not received enough coverage until now. The present study proposes a differential system of Chinese opera genres, determines the degree of influence of the European tradition on each of the considered genres for the first time. The emphasis is placed on the operas “Qiu Zi” and “The White-Haired Girl”, which are considered the greatest artistic works in the development of the two main directions of wartime opera. As a result, it has been proved that the variety of musical theatre genres is connected with different degrees of adaptation of European musical thinking components: from using individual elements (harmony, performance style, instrumentation) to an artistically justified combination of national and foreign traditions.
Charity Practices of Provincial Society at the Beginning of the 20th Century (by the Example of Tsaritsyn)
Authors: Litvinova Irina Nikolaevna
Published: November 2021

The paper aims to analyze the charity practices in Tsaritsyn as an important social regulation element of the provincial society at the beginning of the 20th century. The article presents an analysis of the charity practices and their financial part by the example of the provincial society of the Volga town. The specificity and directions of trust funds, including those in the form of merchants' personal scholarships, and guardianship of educational and orphan care facilities have been determined. The personalities of benefactors who aimed to improve the imperfect society and the life of citizens have been revealed. The scientific originality of the research consists in determining the mechanisms of financing charity with the help of trust funds and the main areas of their application. As a result, the factual analysis allows determining the traditional charity practices of the provincial society at the beginning of the 20th century, reveals that the largest number of trust funds in the southern Volga town were intended for educational and orphan care areas in order to support poor students and orphans. The materials of the article have practical application, as they are necessary for the researches to fill the text of a virtual excursion when performing 3D reconstruction of Tsaritsyn historic objects lost during the Battle of Stalingrad.
Organizational Aspects of the Industrial Enterprises Evacuation to the Kazakh SSR during the Great Patriotic War
Authors: Abdiraiymova Ardak Serikbaevna , Anufrieva Evgeniya Vladimirovna
Published: November 2021

This article touches upon the issue of evacuation policy implementation during the Great Patriotic War. As a research task, the authors identify an attempt to show how the industrial enterprises evacuation organized by the country’s leadership during the Great Patriotic War was carried out on the ground. The scientific originality lies in the appeal to previously not studied materials and documents from the Archives of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Central State Archives of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Basing on the analysis of the documents under consideration, the authors of the article come to the conclusion that there were a number of problems associated with inconsistency in decision-making regarding the evacuation of the population and equipment. For example, the problems occurred in matters of choosing route directions, echelon redirection points at the central and local levels, which ultimately had a negative impact on the deployment process, the effectiveness of restoration work at relocated enterprises and the health of the evacuees. Finally, the authors conclude that the organization of industrial enterprises evacuation was complicated not only by the absence of pre-prepared evacuation plans and the developed evacuation mechanism by the beginning of the war, but also by the practice of illegal readdressing of trains with evacuees, which led to general confusion, disorganization of the railway, evacuation points.
On Interpretation of Notion “Title” in Russian Musicology (by the Example of Children’s Piano Music)
Authors: Shefova Elena Alexandrovna
Published: November 2021

The aim of the research is to study title in the works, popular science articles, commentaries to musical works editions of Russian musicologists and piano performing school representatives. The scientific originality of the research is determined by lack of title studies in musicology and the necessity to compensate this gap in connection with modern ideas. As a result, it has been identified that a title of a musical work possesses the characteristics of a name of a musical text and becomes its integral part.
Rhythmic Organization Features in Pop-up Theatre Performance “Behind the Bar Counter with Charles Bukowski”
Authors: Serdukova Alena Viktorovna
Published: November 2021

The paper aims to study new theatrical forms by applying the method of rhythmic organization analysis of a performance. The research considers the question of whether the method is possible and universal to use in cases when traditional methods become less productive. To answer this question, the rhythmic organization analysis of the site-specific play “Behind the Bar Counter with Charles Bukowski” has been carried out. The notions of theatrical form in general and site-specific form in particular have been specified in advance. The scientific originality of the research consists in applying rhythmic analysis to studying a performance with a site-specific form. As a result of the analysis, certain features of rhythmic organization have been revealed: form-determined limitation of possibility to organize all the rhythmic rows, indirect accentuation of rhythmic rows through dramatic sequence. It has been concluded that the method of rhythmic analysis can be applied to site-specific performances. Despite the fact that the method is less informative when working with this kind of form, it retains the function of archiving the work of art.
Multifunctional Complexes as one of the Trends in the Organization of Modern Comfortable Environment
Authors: Barsukova Natalia Ivanovna , Zhukova Irina Valerievna
Published: November 2021

The aim of the study is to generalize the modern design practice in the urban environment, namely, the emergence of a large number of multifunctional complexes. The originality of the research lies in the analysis of the problem of designing modern comfortable urban environment, which affects the development of these types of buildings. The subject of the research is the historical preconditions for the formation and spread of multifunctional complexes. The article outlines the main advantages of polyfunctional complexes over monofunctional ones - efficiency and environmental friendliness, flexibility and safety. An integrated design approach allows achieving better synergy of all structures and spaces, which makes the entire environment as a whole more comfortable. As a result, the principles of the formation of multifunctional complexes were revealed - the environmental principle, the principle of polystylistics, or stylistic diversity, the use of connecting structures in the form of communicative and recreational spaces, the organization of a cultural and public zone to attract visitors and to separate their flows.
Restoration of Fides Cult during Caesar Augustus' Reign
Authors: Golikova Maria Sergeevna
Published: November 2021

The paper examines Fides (Fidelity) cult rituals during Caesar Augustus' reign. The author describes a poorly investigated period of Fides cult, analyzes its ritual practices, which constitutes scientific originality of the study. As a result, it is proved that annual Fides celebration was on the verge of disappearance due to the absence of a high priest of Jupiter - flamen Dialis - and partial destruction of the temple. The ceremony was not conducted in accordance with archaic tradition. Augustus' reforms included the following measures: he conducted the ceremony as pontifex maximus (greatest priest), restored the sanctuary, appointed a new high priest of Jupiter ( flamen Dialis) . Fides (Fidelity) occupied a significant place in Roman socio-political life during the I century B.C. Revival of Fides cults contributed to the conception of “Golden Age” that began due to Caesar Augustus.