bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Between Legal Certainty and Doubt
Authors: Holvast Nina , Nan Joost , Lestrade Sjarai
Published: April 2021

Between Legal Certainty and Doubt – The Developments in the Procedure to Overturn Wrongful Convictions in the Netherlands

The Dutch legislature has recently (2012) altered the legislation for post-conviction revision of criminal cases. The legislature aimed to improve the balance between the competing interests of individual justice and the finality of verdicts, by making post-conviction revision more accessible. In this article we describe the current legal framework for revising cases. We also study how the revision procedure functions in practice, by looking at the types and numbers of (successful) requests for further investigations and applications for revision. We observe three challenges in finding the right balance in the revision process in the Netherlands. These challenges concern: 1) the scope of the novum criterion (which is strict), 2) the appropriate role of an advisory committee (the ACAS) in revision cases (functioning too much as a pre-filter for the Supreme Court) and, 3) the difficulties that arise due to requiring a defence council when requesting a revision (e.g., financial burdens).
A business case for climate change adaptation by forest industry in central Canada: Presented at the CIF/IFC 2020 National Conference and 112th Annual General Meeting held 15–17 Sept. 2020
Authors: Andrews-Key Sheri A. , LeBlanc Paul A. , Nelson Harry W.
Published: April 2021

Extreme weather events and increasing climatic uncertainty are already affecting the Canadian forest sector. Climate change projections indicate impacts will likely worsen with increasing risk to forest operations and resources. Despite the calls for adaptation, there is little evidence that adaptation is taking place, whether in terms of planning or practices. Much of the forest industry response to date has been ad hoc and reactive. In contrast, Louisiana-Pacific Canada Ltd. (LP) in Swan Valley, MB decided to proactively address climate impacts and risks. A Climate Vulnerability Assessment (CVA) was completed to review past weather-related disruptions, identify their vulnerabilities to both the current weather extremes and to future climates. Through the help of an independent facilitator, the Canadian Council of Forest Ministers’ guidebook was tailored to meet LP’s context and needs. The CVA team identified a wide range of possible adaptation options and created business cases for short-listed adaption priorities that LP is beginning to pursue and implement. The outcomes from this effort show what is necessary to support an adaptation process that is mainstreamed into company decision-making procedures and can be applied more broadly across the Canadian forest sector. One key innovation was the incorporation of business cases into the assessment. Identifying and quantifying the expected benefits helped support vulnerability implementation in several different ways. Furthermore, at a more systemic level, the experience identifies the importance local knowledge plays in advancing adaptation action and how these local efforts can contribute towards supporting more effective climate adaptation action across the entire forest management system. This work also contributes to laying the groundwork for future policy focus, integrating science, and management into forest management systems.
Skuteczność wentylacji naturalnej w szklarni
Authors: Grabarczyk Sławomir
Published: April 2021

W szklarniach w celu utrzymania właściwej temperatury wewnętrznej, w okresie występowania dużych wartości natężenia promieniowania słonecznego, stosuje się zabiegi cieniowania z użyciem ekranów termoizolacyjnych oraz wietrzenia. Badania przeprowadzono w szklarni jednonawowej w celu określenia skuteczności wentylacji SZKLARNInaturalnej. Przedmiotem analiz jest szklarnia z zainstalowanym wewnątrz ekranem termoizolacyjnym. Badania przeprowadzono podczas dni letnich. Efektem analiz było określenie na podstawie pomiarów i analiz obliczeniowych strumienia powietrza wentylacyjnego przepływającego przez wietrzniki dachowe szklarni. Ustalono zależności strumienia powietrznego po stronie nawietrznej oraz zawietrznej od prędkości wiatru, a także różnicy temperatur wewnątrz i na zewnątrz szklarni. Na podstawie obliczeń wykonanych dla obserwacji podczas cieniowania powierzchni uprawnej oraz przy otwartych wietrznikach określono współczynniki wymiany powietrza na powierzchnię jednostkową szklarni. Ustalono, że przy prędkości wiatru przekraczającej 0,8 m/s współczynnik wymiany powietrza w badanej szklarni przekracza wartość zalecaną przez ASAE wynoszącą 0,04 m3/(sxm2).
Societal dimension of disaster risk reduction. Conceptual framework
Authors: Gromek Paweł
Published: April 2021

Current disaster risk reduction approach does not reflect the societal dimension of
factors that shape risk and safety. The research objective is to elaborate a model of DRR
in its societal dimension, respecting not only an engineering component of disaster
risk, but also how people perceive it. The methodology bases on literature review
and a deductive investigation for ideas and assumptions verification. As a first result,
safety structure was presented. At the highest level of generality, it consists in real
safety and safety sense. The second one is a derivative of four components: sense of
being informed, sense of perpetration, sense of confidence and sense of anchoring.
In analogy to safety, risk could be characterized by an engineering component and
risk perception. Perception is structured with direct connection to safety sense.
Morphological connection of risk structure, disaster risk reduction structure and
two signs of risk (positives and negatives) allows to elaborate the model, which
could prove to be a valuable tool in theory and practice of the reduction.
Assessment of pedestrian comfort and safety of footbridges in dynamic conditions: case study of a landmark arch footbridge
Authors: Hawryszków Paweł
Published: April 2021

The objective of this paper is to present results of dynamic tests of an arch span of the footbridge in Wronki near Poznań in Poland and clearly summarize them. The investigated footbridge, with asymmetrical arch and the main span 90.0 m long, is an example of original architecture and interesting structural solutions.
The research campaign included normal live loads and vandal actions to the footbridge. Normal live loads tests examined the influence of various kinds of the pedestrian activity on the footbridge’s behaviour as: walking, jogging or fast running. The pedestrian comfort was assessed in this type of schemes. Vandal type of excitation consisted of synchronized walking or running and rhythmical half-crouching. The main aim of the vandal live loads was to check structure’s safety and behaviour in the extreme dynamic conditions. The research was carried out in a large group of pedestrians – under a crowd of 40 volunteers.
Avaliação de Desempenho no Supercomputador SDumont de uma Estratégia de Decomposição de Domínio usando as Funcionalidades de Mapeamento Topológico do MPI para um Método Numérico de Escoamento de Fluidos.
Authors: Herrera Stiw , Ribeiro Weber , Teixeira Thiago , Carneiro André , Cabral Frederico , Borges Márcio , Osthoff Carla
Published: April 2021

Oil and gas simulations need new high-performance computing techniques to deal with the large amount of data allocation and the high computational cost that we obtain from the numerical method. The domain decomposition technique (domain division technique) was applied to a three-dimensional oil reservoir, where the MPI (Message Passing Interface) allowed the creation of a uni, bi and three-dimensional topology, where a subdivision of a reservoir could be solved in each MPI process created. A performance study was developed with these domain decomposition strategies in 20 computational nodes of the SDumont Supercomputer, using a Cascade Lake architecture.
„Job Killer“ oder „Kollege Roboter“? Soziotechnische Risiko- und Gestaltungszukünfte des Mensch-Maschinen-Verhältnisses im Industrieroboter-Diskurs der IG Metall – “Job Killer” or “Coworker Robot”? The Shaping of Sociotechnical Risk Futures About the Relationship Between Man and Machine in the Industrial Robotics Discourse by the German Industrial Metalworking Union (IG Metall)
Authors: Müller Moritz
Published: April 2021

Der Aufsatz untersucht verschiedene Zukünfte von Arbeit, die im Industrieroboter-Diskurs der IG Metall (IGM) während der 1970er und 1980er Jahre entwickelt wurden. Dabei wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwiefern Roboter in der Automobilindustrie als Chance bzw. Risiko für die Beschäftigten und ihre Stellung im Arbeitsprozess wahrgenommen wurden, und auf welchen Prämissen diese Einschätzungen und Prognosen fußten. Anhand von Betriebsreportagen in gewerkschaftlichen Periodika sowie Beiträgen von Gewerkschaftsfunktionären1 zeigt der Aufsatz unter Rückgriff auf Ansätze der Historischen Technikanthropologie sowie der soziologischen und historischen Zukunftsforschung, dass zum einen soziotechnische Risikozukünfte entworfen wurden, deren Realisierung aus Sicht der IGM verhindert werden sollte. Zum anderen diente die Skizzierung „positiver“ Gestaltungszukünfte dazu, Haltelinien für gewerkschaftliche Gestaltungsversuche von Arbeit und Technik als Arbeit an der Zukunft zu entwerfen. Bei den die skizzierten soziotechnischen Zukünfte prägenden Mensch-Maschinen-Verhältnissen handelte es sich für die Gewerkschaft letztlich um ein Verhältnis zwischen zwei Interessengruppen - Arbeitenden und Unternehmern. Der Aufsatz zeigt, dass Fragen des Verhältnisses von Mensch und Maschine die Politik der IGM stärker beeinflussten, als in der Forschung bislang angenommen wurde. Die Ergebnisse der Analyse lassen den Schluss zu, dass Gewerkschaften als Interessenvertretungsorgane der abhängig Beschäftigten angesichts der Kontingenz von Automatisierungsprozessen auch im Hier und in Zukunft nicht umhinkönnen, in ihren - notwendig in die Zukunft gerichteten - Debatten Risiko- und Gestaltungszukünfte zu entwerfen.
Resilience Engineering
Authors: Scharte Benjamin
Published: April 2021

The increasing complexity of our world makes the occurrence of disruptive events with unforeseeable consequences more likely. The future is characterised by uncertainty; therefore, societies and their critical infrastructures need resilience, understood as generic adaptability thanks to flexibility and loose resources. In this book, the author argues that resilience can be normatively desirable if it is used to combine individual freedom and security. Using this as his premise, he develops a new concept of resilience for civil security research and shows how the engineering sciences can implement it through system principles such as diversity, modularity, decentralisation and redundancy.
Fallbeispieleffekte
Authors: Krämer Benjamin
Published: April 2021

Case examples are a common stylistic device in journalistic writing. This volume, now available in its second edition, provides an overview of research into the effects of such examples on the general public’s attitudes and their conceptions of reality. In particular, this line of research considers the stronger effects of case examples in comparison to general (e.g., statistical) rather than case-based descriptions of reality. The book discusses the theoretical explanations of these effects, explains the typical methodology used in studies on the effects of exemplification and systematises findings from this line of research. Furthermore, it assesses the implications of case examples and their effects on journalistic practice and sensible, astute media reception.
A Modeling Study of the Respiratory System for an Early Intervention of COVID-19 and Its Transmission
Authors: Hejazi Bijan , Hejazi Keyvan
Published: April 2021

Background: One of the most challenging aspects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is that a newly infected individual shows diagnosable symptoms, such as body temperature (Tb) rise, several days after contracting the disease. In the early phase of infection (i.e., incubation period), an undiagnosed and unaware individual can spread the virus to others. The fastest and most efficient route of COVID-19 transmission is the respiratory system. Therefore, developing a model of the respiratory system to predict changes in the lung performance upon COVID-19 infection is useful for early diagnosis and intervention during the incubation period. Objectives: This modeling study aimed to evaluate the respiratory system to present an early intervention for COVID-19 and its transmission. Methods: A simple model was developed by performing mass and energy balances on the lungs; it was simulated by the Aspen HYSYS chemical process simulator. Results: To compensate for the virus-infected lung inefficiency, the O2 concentration increased in the exhaled air at the cost of decreased CO2 concentration. Contrary to previous findings on the reduced stability of coronavirus in hot and humid environments, it was found that very hot and humid environments promote the viral transmission rate because of the direct heat transfer to the body via respiration and condensation of water vapor that may cause infection in the respiratory tract. Conclusions: Our model revealed that measurement of O2 or CO2 composition of exhaled gas, using a non-invasive and inexpensive device at home, allows for the early diagnosis of infection and its prevention. This study also aimed to highlight the actual effects of high temperature and high relative humidity (RH) on increasing the virus transmission rates, as opposed to the generally accepted hypothesis of decreased coronavirus stability under these conditions.
Technical Analysis and Heart Rate Response of Minifootball Players During a Competitive Match
Authors: Halouani Jamel , Mhenni Thouraya , Kacem Nejah , Trabelsi Khaled , Clark Cain , Chtourou Hamdi
Published: April 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the technical actions and heart rate response of amateur minifootball players during a competitive match. Methods: Ten male amateur minifootball players (age: 26.3 ± 4.2 years, height: 176 ± 7.4 cm and body mass: 78.9 ± 10 kg), from a First Division Tunisian team, participated in a match (2 × 25-min with 10 min rest). Heart rate was recorded during the whole time that participants spent on court. The minifootball match was recorded and analyzed for technical actions (i.e., data pertaining to passes, shots, actions, duels, fouls) using InStat. Results: Results showed that a minifootball match induced an intensity of 84.2% heart rate max (HRmax) (i.e., high intensity). The percentage of success in actions was 53.33 % and in shots was 36.54 %. A large number of passes (400 (290 successful)) and duels (210 (145 successful)) was found both in offensive and defensive phases. Conclusions: A minifootball match is of high intensity and requires a high level of physical and technical ability.
“Stalled by Our Lassitude”
Authors: Tate William ,   Marquette University Press
Published: April 2021

Richard Wilbur’s poem “Lying” considers two kinds of lying. He addresses the traditional accusation that poets tell lies, but he gradually exposes boredom as a subtler and more dangerous form of lying. The essay draws on insights from the philosophers Martin Heidegger and Jean-Luc Marion and considers analogues in Scripture and Hamlet and Paradise Lost in order to draw out the significance of Wilbur’s claim.
Origin, Impact, and Reaction to Misogynistic Behaviors
Authors: Lopez Brianna ,   Ball State University
Published: April 2021

Kate A. Manne is an associate professor at the Sage School of Philosophy at Cornell University, where she has been teaching since 2013. Before that, she was a junior fellow at the Harvard Society of Fellows (2011–2013), did her graduate work at MIT (2006–2011), and was an undergraduate at the University of Melbourne (2001–2005), where she studied philosophy, logic, and computer science. Her current research is primarily in moral, feminist, and social philosophy. She is the author of two books, including her first book Down Girl: The Logic of Misogyny and her latest book Entitled: How Male Privilege Hurts Women. Manne has also published a number of scholarly papers about the foundations of morality, and she regularly writes opinion pieces, essays, and reviews in venues—including The New York Times, The Boston Review, the Huffington Post, and the Chronicle of Higher Education.
Optimization forecasting using back-propagation algorithm
Authors: Raharjo Budi , Farida Nurul , Subekti Purwo , Herlina Siburian , Doddy Heka , Rahim Robbi
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the back-propagation model by optimizing the parameters for the prediction of broiler chicken populations by provinces in Indonesia. Parameter optimization is changing the learning rate (lr) of the backpropagation prediction model. Data sourced from the Directorate General of Animal Husbandry and Animal Health processed by the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). Data is the population of Broiler Chickens from 2017 to 2019 (34 records). The analysis process uses the help of RapidMiner software. Data is divided into 2 parts, namely training data (2017-2018) and testing data (2018-2019). The backpropagation model used is 1-2-1; 1-25-1 and 1-45-1 with a learning rate (0.1; 0.01; 0.001; 0.2; 0.02; 0.002; 0.3; 0.03; 0.003). From the three models tested, the 1-45-1 model (lr = 0.3) is the best model with Root Mean Squared Error = 0.028 in the training data. With this model, the prediction results obtained with an accuracy value of 91% and Root Mean Squared Error = 0.00555 in the testing data.
Evaluación de las experiencias de tipo psicótico en adolescentes españoles: Baremación del Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief (PQ-B)
Authors: Fonseca-Pedrero Eduardo , Pérez-Albéniz Alicia , Ortuño-Sierra Javier , Inchausti Félix
Published: April 2021

Assessment of psychotic-like experiences in Spanish adolescents: Normative data of the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief (PQ-B)Abstract: The main objective of this work was to establish the normative data of the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief (PQ-B) in a representative sample of Spanish adolescents. A total of 3,441 adolescents (M = 15.91 years, SD = 1.33 years) were selected by sampling stratified by clusters. The results showed that the point prevalence of psychotic-like experiences varied between 12% and 48%. An 82.9% of the sample reported at least one attenuated psychotic-like experience. Percentile norms were made for the total score and according to gender. The PQ-B is a brief, simple, useful measuring instrument with adequate psychometric properties for the assessment of subclinical psychosis phenotype in the Spanish adolescent population. It is transcendental that the psychologists have adequate tools for a reliable and valid assessment of this phenomenon in order to make informed decisions and optimize educational and socio-health resources.Keywords: Psychosis; psychotic experiences; adolescents; youth; validation; norms.Resumen: El principal objetivo de este trabajo fue baremar el Cuestionario de Pródromos-Breve (Prodromal Questionnaire- Brief, PQ-B) a partir de una muestra representativa de adolescentes españoles. Un total de 3441 adolescentes (M = 15.91 años, DT = 1.33 años) fueron seleccionados mediante muestreo estratificado por conglomerados. Los resultados mostraron que la prevalencia puntual de experiencias psicóticas osciló entre el 12% y el 48%. Un 82.9% de la muestra refirió al menos una experiencia psicótica atenuada. Los baremos tipo percentiles se confeccionaron para la puntuación total y en función del género. El PQ-B es un instrumento de medida breve, sencillo, útil y con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para la valoración de las experiencias de tipo psicótico en población adolescente española. Es transcendental que el profesional de la psicología disponga de adecuadas herramientas para la evaluación fiable y válida de este fenómeno de cara a tomar decisiones fundamentadas y optimizar los recursos educativos y socio-sanitarios.Palabras clave: Psicosis; experiencias de tipo psicótico; adolescentes; jóvenes; validación; baremación.
The Influence of Collective Agency on the Culture of Employee Learning:
Authors: Mavunga George
Published: April 2021

This study investigated the influence of collective agency on the culture of employee learning among administrative assistants at a comprehensive South African university. Data were gathered through semi-structured  interviews with 15 participants; the senior human resource training and development coordinator and a trade union leader. The study found that there is positive intentionality in the official domain of employee learning at the institution, resulting from the need for agents to collectively re-contextualise the knowledge constituting the employee learning curriculum. Similarly, there was evidence of the positive influence of collect- -ive agency in the administrative assistants’ responses to institutional employee learning initiatives. However, some tensions were noted between senior management’s and administrative assistants’ exercise of collective agency in the practice of employee learning. This hampered alignment between the institution’s strategic intentions and the administrative assistants’ collective employee learning goals. Based on these findings, it is recommended that efforts can be made to promote congruence between management’s exercise of collective agency in the official re-contextualisation of the employee learning curriculum and the administrative assist-      -tants’ collective responses to employee learning practices.

Key words: employee learning, administrative assistants, collective agency
Ambiguity of the term quantity value in metrology
Authors: Flater David
Published: April 2021

The metrological term quantity value in various forms has conflicting interpretations. Standardization of the vocabulary of metrology has not ended the confusion. This report provides a historical trace of how the inconsistency arose and then describes how it has hindered international standards work, eroded conceptual integrity, and made the communication of software design concepts more difficult.
T. Ras Makonnen: Pan-Africanism in practice
Authors:   , Hughes Lee
Published: April 2021

This thesis will provide a biographical account of T. Ras Makonnen. It will focus specifically on his life as a Pan-African activist. In three parts, we will explore the development, implementation and shortcomings of Makonnen’s Pan-African vision. This will be achieved by analysing Makonnen’s formative years in Guyana, North America and Europe. We will then explore Makonnen’s successes in Manchester. And finally, we will assess Makonnen’s limitations in Ghana, where he sought to implement Pan-Africanism on a national and international scale.
Rome in London: Richard Du Bourg, Cork Modelling, and the Virtual Grand Tour
Authors: Arnott-Davies Rees
Published: April 2021

Richard Du Bourg (1738-1826) is a neglected figure in accounts of British antiquarian museum culture. However, for nearly fifty year his ‘museum’, located in exhibition spaces across London, was a key site for public engagement with classical antiquity. Du Bourg’s relief models in cork of Roman, Greek and British monuments and ruins attracted a heterogeneous audience including nobility, merchants, architects, artisans and children. This article focuses on the final iteration of the museum at Lower Grosvenor Street between 1802 and its sale at auction in 1819; shedding new light on the innovative modes of representation and display that were incorporated by Du Bourg into his modelling and exhibition practice, and the forms of sociability fostered by such modes. With a focus on the single surviving illustration of the museum, this article carefully unpacks the layers of historical and cultural meaning sedimented in such two-dimensional images, contributing to methodological debates on the writing of cultural histories through images of and from the past.
Monkey Business: The Victorian Natural History Museum, Evolution, and the Medieval Manuscript
Authors: Rogers Janine , Holmes John
Published: April 2021

Victorian natural history museums (NHMs) incorporated sophisticated theories of literate culture through their architectural, artistic and cultural strategies; these literary gestures were fundamental to science communication in the nineteenth century. Victorian architects looked to the cultural and artistic pasts of classical, medieval and renaissance Europe as inspiration for artistic, cultural and social values: most obviously, in the medievalism of the Gothic Revival. The idea of the “medieval,” or a more generalized mythic past, shaped the development of NHMs that in the nineteenth century were wrestling with the idea of the past in biological science—specifically the idea of an evolutionary past. These two concepts of history—literary-historical and evolutionary-scientific—intersect in critical ways in the Victorian NHM. This paper will explore how Victorian medievalism interprets biological science through the built environment of the NHM, and will explain how these interpretations are essentially literary in nature. We will give special attention to the use of marginal figures in British, European and Canadian museums, specifically the Oxford University Museum (1860), the British Museum (Natural History), London (1881)—now known as the Natural History Museum—and the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna (1889), as well as an Art Deco homage to the Victorian neo-Gothic museum tradition, the Royal Ontario Museum (1914 & 1933). These carved and painted figures of plants and animals were at once part of the museum design and references back to the marginalia of the medieval manuscript. We will explore how this medieval literary motif impacts on nineteenth-century scientific interpretation in the built space of the NHM, with special attention to the depiction of monkey figures in these marginal spaces, and their symbolic function in the larger interpretive framework for understanding evolutionary science and our place in the natural world.
Narrative and Argumentation in a Case of Alleged Child Abuse
Authors: Baldwin Clive , Greason Michelle
Published: April 2021

The relationship between argument and narrative has been the subject of much debate, particularly in the area of law, where a number of theorists have argued for the priority of one over the other in the decision-making process, the premise being that argumentation and narrative are two distinct text forms. Through the rhetorical analysis of a series of expert reports in a case of alleged child abuse, we seek to explore the dynamics between argumentation and narrative. In so doing, we argue that while certain actions may undermine the robustness of an argument, it is these very actions that make possible the telling of a persuasive story. We conclude with a plea for the development of rhetorical skills among social workers so as to be better able to discern future directions for the benefit of service users.
ENGINEERING STUDENTS PROFESSIONAL FOREIGN LANGUAGE COMPETENCE DEVELOPMENT IN POINT RATING ASSESSMENT SYSTEM
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Minakova P.S. , Taranenko O.I. , Fedko L.A.
Published: April 2021

The development of students’ progress point-rating assessment at the university is discussed. The analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature of domestic and foreign authors on this issue was carried out. The practical aspects of using point-rating assessment system are discussed. In particular, the problem which consists in finding ways to improve methods of developing rating system is highlighted. The researchers worked out rating scheme for assessing students’ activities in the discipline «Professionally focused translation». The learning outcomes in the conditions of experimental work are analyzed. The attitude of students to the recommended assessment scheme is shown.
TECHNOLOGIES OF ACADEMIC READING IN THE PROCESS OF INFORMATIZATION OF STUDENT EDUCATION
Authors:   Chelyabinsk State Institute of Culture, Vaganova M.Yu.
Published: April 2021

Informatization is more digital computer technology than intellectual work of the student, in particular, teaching students academic reading technologies. Successful study at the university involves mastering the modern skills of processing large amounts of information, effective reading skills, the ability to conduct educational dialogue, create text, prove point of view, and master academic reading. Students often do not realize the individual psychological, qualification difficulties of reading. There is need to teach students in modern conditions of informatization to academic reading technologies justified in the article. Characteristics of technologies of fast reading, acmeological reading, rational reading, creative reading, development of critical thinking by means of reading and writing, INLOKKS (informational-logical, oratory and communicative culture of a specialist) are presented.
FEATURES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CONSTRUCTIVIST CONCEPT OF LEARNING
Authors:   Central Research Institute of Chemistry and Mechanics, Fasolya A.A. , Guzeev M.S. ,   Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Uvarina N.V. ,   South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University
Published: April 2021

The essence of the theory of constructivism as a component of the modern philosophy of education and the basics of the organization of the educational process in the context of the above concept are discussed. Analyzes the direction of the organization of the learning process is based on constructivism: the organization of meaningful knowledge; the development of conceptual understanding; engaging students in authentic, professionally oriented activities; the urge to reflect on their actions; provision of educational nature of the learning activities; creation of a community teaching; the development of internal motivation of learning of students; support for their individual identity. Attention is focused on the importance of the activity of a higher school teacher as a facilitator to support students in the educational process
On the S-matrix of Schrödinger operator with nonlocal δ-interaction
Authors: Główczyk Anna , Kużel Sergiusz
Published: April 2021

Schrödinger operators with nonlocal \(\delta\)-interaction are studied with the use of the Lax-Phillips scattering theory methods. The condition of applicability of the Lax-Phillips approach in terms of non-cyclic functions is established. Two formulas for the \(S\)-matrix are obtained. The first one deals with the Krein-Naimark resolvent formula and the Weyl-Titchmarsh function, whereas the second one is based on modified reflection and transmission coefficients. The \(S\)-matrix \(S(z)\) is analytical in the lower half-plane \(\mathbb{C}_{−}\) when the Schrödinger operator with nonlocal \(\delta\)-interaction is positive self-adjoint. Otherwise, \(S(z)\) is a meromorphic matrix-valued function in \(\mathbb{C}_{−}\) and its properties are closely related to the properties of the corresponding Schrödinger operator. Examples of \(S\)-matrices are given.
Downregulation of glial genes involved in synaptic function mitigates Huntington's disease pathogenesis
Authors: Onur Tarik Seref , Laitman Andrew , Zhao He , Keyho Ryan , Kim Hyemin , Wang Jennifer , Mair Megan , Wang Huilan , Li Lifang , Perez Alma , de Haro Maria , Wan Ying-Wooi , Allen Genevera , Lu Boxun , Al-Ramahi Ismael , Liu Zhandong , Botas Juan
Published: April 2021

Most research on neurodegenerative diseases has focused on neurons, yet glia help form and maintain the synapses whose loss is so prominent in these conditions. To investigate the contributions of glia to Huntington's disease (HD), we profiled the gene expression alterations of Drosophila expressing human mutant Huntingtin (mHTT) in either glia or neurons and compared these changes to what is observed in HD human and HD mice striata. A large portion of conserved genes are concordantly dysregulated across the three species; we tested these genes in a high-throughput behavioral assay and found that downregulation of genes involved in synapse assembly mitigated pathogenesis and behavioral deficits. To our surprise, reducing dNRXN3 function in glia was sufficient to improve the phenotype of flies expressing mHTT in neurons, suggesting that mHTT's toxic effects in glia ramify throughout the brain. This supports a model in which dampening synaptic function is protective because it attenuates the excitotoxicity that characterizes HD.
Competitive binding of STATs to receptor phospho-Tyr motifs accounts for altered cytokine responses
Authors: Wilmes Stephan , Jeffrey Polly-Anne , Martinez-Fabregas Jonathan , Hafer Maximillian , Fyfe Paul K , Pohler Elizabeth , Gaggero Silvia , López-García Martín , Lythe Grant , Taylor Charles , Guerrier Thomas , Launay David , Mitra Suman , Piehler Jacob , Molina-París Carmen , Moraga Ignacio
Published: April 2021

Cytokines elicit pleiotropic and non-redundant activities despite strong overlap in their usage of receptors, JAKs and STATs molecules. We use IL-6 and IL-27 to ask how two cytokines activating the same signaling pathway have different biological roles. We found that IL-27 induces more sustained STAT1 phosphorylation than IL-6, with the two cytokines inducing comparable levels of STAT3 phosphorylation. Mathematical and statistical modeling of IL-6 and IL-27 signaling identified STAT3 binding to GP130, and STAT1 binding to IL-27Rα, as the main dynamical processes contributing to sustained pSTAT1 levels by IL-27. Mutation of Tyr613 on IL-27Rα decreased IL-27-induced STAT1 phosphorylation by 80% but had limited effect on STAT3 phosphorgylation. Strong receptor/STAT coupling by IL-27 initiated a unique gene expression program, which required sustained STAT1 phosphorylation and IRF1 expression and was enriched in classical Interferon Stimulated Genes. Interestingly, the STAT/receptor coupling exhibited by IL-6/IL-27 was altered in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). IL-6/IL-27 induced a more potent STAT1 activation in SLE patients than in healthy controls, which correlated with higher STAT1 expression in these patients. Partial inhibition of JAK activation by sub-saturating doses of Tofacitinib specifically lowered the levels of STAT1 activation by IL-6. Our data show that receptor and STATs concentrations critically contribute to shape cytokine responses and generate functional pleiotropy in health and disease.
Evolutionarily conserved sperm factors, DCST1 and DCST2, are required for gamete fusion
Authors: Inoue Naokazu , Hagihara Yoshihisa , Wada Ikuo
Published: April 2021

To trigger gamete fusion, spermatozoa need to activate the molecular machinery in which sperm IZUMO1 and oocyte JUNO (IZUMO1R) interaction plays a critical role in mammals. Although a set of factors involved in this process has recently been identified, no common factor that can function in both vertebrates and invertebrates has yet been reported. Here, we first demonstrate that the evolutionarily conserved factors dendrocyte expressed seven transmembrane protein domain-containing 1 (DCST1) and dendrocyte expressed seven transmembrane protein domain-containing 2 (DCST2) are essential for sperm–egg fusion in mice, as proven by gene disruption and complementation experiments. We also found that the protein stability of another gamete fusion-related sperm factor, SPACA6, is differently regulated by DCST1/2 and IZUMO1. Thus, we suggest that spermatozoa ensure proper fertilization in mammals by integrating various molecular pathways, including an evolutionarily conserved system that has developed as a result of nearly one billion years of evolution.
Determinants of Delay in Healthcare Seeking for Common Childhood Illnesses among Caregivers with Under-Five Children in Touboro Health District, Near Cameroon’ s Northeastern Border with Chad
Authors: Ngouakam H. , Nekehforba E. , Tientche B.
Published: April 2021

Aims: The study sought to determine the determinants of delay in health-seeking among caregivers with under-five children.

Study Design: This was a mixed-method, cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: The study took place in Touboro Health District involving 386 caregivers of under-five children from May to July 30, 2020.

Methodology: A structured questionnaire and two focused group discussions were used to gather information on caregiver knowledge of healthcare-seeking behavior. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Bivariable logistic regression was employed to identify factors associated with of healthcare seeking behavior.

Results: Results of the 386 sick children, fever 39.9% (154/386), diarrhea 30.3% (117/386) and cough 24.9% (96/386) were the common symptoms. The majority of the caregivers of the under-five children had poor knowledge of 63% (243/386) about common infant illnesses. Caregivers of female children under-five(OR= 2.26, 95% CI: 1.29-3.96, P = 0.004), caregivers aged between 21 and 30 years (OR=5.53, 95% CI: 1.32-23.11, P = 0.019), caregivers whose occupation is housewife (OR=2.64 95% CI 1.23-5.68, P =10.013),) ,caregivers who host > 6children in a household (OR= 3.56 95% CI  1.42-8.92 , P =0.007) were key determinants of delay in health-seeking.

Conclusion: Caregivers of female children under-five, caregivers aged between 21 and 30 years, caregivers whose occupation is housewife, caregivers under-five children residing in a rural area, caregivers who host more than 6 children in a household, households with an average monthly income of  <10.000 FRS Cfa were predictors of delay appropriate health-seeking. There is a need to intensify health education focusing on childhood illnesses, and timely care-seeking to effectively respond to caregiver's expectations among others.
Efficacy and Safety of Topical Calcipotriol Plus Betamethasone Dipropionate Versus Topical Betamethasone Dipropionate Alone in Mild to Moderate Psoriasis
Authors: Sindhuja M. , Muthiah N. S.
Published: April 2021

Psoriasis is one of the prototypic papulosquamous skin diseases characterized by erythematous papules or plaques. This disease is chronic in nature with a tendency to relapse. Betamethasone dipropionate binds to specific intracellular glucocorticoid receptors and subsequently binds to DNA to modify gene expression. The study duration was 6 weeks. A total of 60 study participants of both sexes diagnosed with mild to moderate psoriasis were included in the study. They were randomized into two groups. Group A – topical calcipotriol plus betamethasone treatment group consisting of 30 patients and Group B – topical betamethasone alone also consisting of 30 patients and a total of 28 patients in topical calcipotriol plus betamethasone treatment group and 28 patients in topical betamethasone group completed the study. A total of 98 patients were screened for this study, out of which 38 patients were excluded where 11 patients refused to participate and 27 patients didn’t meet the inclusion criteria of our study. These results shows that there is statistically significant percentage reduction in PASI score after 2 weeks (p=0.01) and 4weeks (p<0.001) of treatment in both groups. As a conclusion, the combination therapy of topical calcipotriol plus betamethasone provided a promising strategy for the treatment of mild to moderate psoriasis.
Impact of Movement with Mobilization and Triceps Eccentric Strengthening in Tennis Elbow: Case Report
Authors: Fatema Nabeela , Dass Bodhisattva , Hotwani Rinkle
Published: April 2021

Background: Tennis elbow can be caused by repetitive wrist and arm motions. Pain is the primary symptom. It usually occurs on the outside of the elbow and sometimes in the forearm and wrist. Treatment includes rest, pain relievers and physiotherapy.

Case Presentation: A 28years old male patient presented with a complaint of pain in outer side of the right side elbow. In subjective examination, He gave history of pain while playing tennis mainly in smashing the ball or passing shot, riding bike for more than 2kilometers, difficulty in holding objects sometimes as well. When this pain was unbearable to him he came to Physiotherapy department.

Treatment: A Treatment session initially started with Cryotherapy (Ice Pack) application for 5min. On lateral epicondyle of right elbow. Then Ultrasound 0.8 watt/Cm² for 7minutes given, these helped in pain reduction. After 2days patient is asked to follow the commands to perform Triceps strengthening along with wrist strengthening with the help of Half Kg Dumb bell.  There was an effect on the reduction of the symptoms of the patient which were pain, reduce strength and limited range of motion of wrist in right hand. After 1week of treatment, we added Mobilization with movement (Mulligan) technique at elbow joint. The same procedure was continued for 2weeks after which patient's symptoms were minimized as to the day of assessment. Outcome measures used for the evaluation of the symptoms were NPRS Scale for Pain, Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) for Strength.

Conclusion: Triceps strengthening along with Mulligan technique for elbow joint was found to be effective in patients with severe pain and reduced strength.
Strategies for aid to families in the course of post-diagnosis of child cancer / Estratégias de auxílio a famílias no enfrentamento do pós-diagnóstico de câncer infantil
Authors: Schwertner Marília Von Ende , Nietsche Elisabeta Albertina , Salbego Cléton , Pivetta Adrieli , Silva Thayná Champe da , Stochero Helena Moro
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: analisar a produção científica de enfermagem acerca das estratégias utilizadas pelos enfermeiros para auxiliar familiares no enfrentamento do pós-diagnóstico de câncer infantil. Métodos: as produções foram localizadas nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), National Library of Medicine/ National Institutes of Health (PubMed) e SciVerse Scopus (SCOPUS). Dos 460 artigos analisados, 11 respondiam à questão norteadora: quais as estratégias utilizadas pelos enfermeiros para auxiliar famílias no pós-diagnóstico de câncer infantil. Resultados: as estratégias de auxílio mais utilizadas pelos enfermeiros: o uso de amor, carinho e respeito para o cuidado de familiares e crianças; a comunicação para troca de informações, apoio emocional e encorajamento para a fé e a esperança. Conclusão: concluiu-se que existem boas estratégias utilizadas pelos enfermeiros para auxiliar os familiares no pós-diagnóstico do câncer infantil, porém a maioria está apenas no modo de agir dos enfermeiros para com os familiares.
Systematized intensive care for postoperative heart surgery patients / Cuidados Intensivos sistematizados ao paciente em pós-operatório cardíaco
Authors: Melo Laércio Deleon de , Silva Daniella Andrade , Jeremias Juliana Silva
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: conhecer o estado da arte atual a respeito da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem nos cuidados intensivos ao paciente em Pós-operatório Cardíaco. Métodos: revisão integrativa de dados indexados a partir de 2012 em conformidade com o Protocolo Reporting of Qualitative Research Studies. Resultados: elegíveis 08 artigos de 40 pré-selecionados com adensamento de evidências capazes de responder ao objetivo de investigação. Discussão: perceber o paciente cirúrgico no escopo de suas necessidades físicas, emocionais, espirituais e sociais, demanda do Enfermeiro Intensivista constante atualização teórica e metodológica para fundamentar uma prática baseada em Diagnósticos e Prescrições das Intervenções de Enfermagem capazes de suprir as demandas do paciente. Conclusão: a estruturação do cuidado no qual a Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem alicerça metodologicamente a aplicação dos conhecimentos como viabilizadores do Processo de Enfermagem permite a realização de um cuidado intensivo diferenciado ao Paciente em Pós-operatório cardíaco.
Epidemiological behavior of some parasitic diseases in the federative republic of Brazil / Comportamento epidemiológico de algumas doenças parasitárias na república federativa do Brasil
Authors: Júnior Edison Vitório de Souza , Cruz Diego Pires , Moreira Sávio Luiz Ferreira , Rosa Randson Souza , Boery Rita Narriman Silva de Oliveira , Boery Eduardo Nagib
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Descrever o comportamento epidemiológico de algumas doenças parasitárias no Brasil entre 2013 e 2017. Métodos: Estudo ecológico e descritivo realizado com dados do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares. Coletou-se as variáveis: regiões brasileiras, faixa etária, sexo e raça/cor. Resultados: Encontrou-se cinco doenças: amebíase, esquistossomose, leishmaniose, malária e tripanossomíase. Registrou-se 33.285 internações e 951 óbitos por tais doenças, representando mortalidade de 2,86%. A região com maior morbidade, óbitos e mortalidade foi a norte (38,42%), nordeste (50,47%) e sudeste (4,68%), respectivamente. A leishmaniose obteve maior morbidade (43,19%) e óbitos (59,41%), já a tripanossomíase evidenciou maior mortalidade (10,81%). A maior mortalidade ocorreu em homens (2,97), em pessoas autodeclaradas brancas e pretas de igual modo (3,85) e com idade ≥ 80 anos (9,64). Conclusão: Evidenciou-se nesse estudo comportamento crescente nos óbitos e mortalidade pelas doenças parasitárias no Brasil, tornando necessário o fortalecimento de medidas sanitárias especialmente na região sudeste, por apresentar maior mortalidade.
How are expectancies and values cognitively combined to determine behavioral intentions? The role of expectancy‐value theory, information integration and behavioral outcomes in dietary intentions
Authors: Fowler Lauren A. , Moore Philip J. , Macura Zeljka , Singh Michelle A. , Cooke Frances P. R. , Charmak William D.
Published: April 2021

The expectancy‐value (EV) framework is among the most prominent psychological approaches to predicting behavioral intentions. However, how expectancies and values are cognitively integrated (e.g., multiplicatively, additively or averaging) to produce intentions has yet to be tested. This research combined EV and Information Integration Theory methodologies to identify how EV integration determined dietary intentions among 80 participants (Meanage = 19.4 years, 61 females). Participants were presented with scenarios depicting three potential outcomes of junk‐food consumption (weight gain, increased disease risk, and time savings). Expectancies (no information/low/medium/high) were varied within‐subjects, and between‐subject values were trichotomized for each outcome. Participants indicated their dietary intentions in this 3×4 mixed design for all three outcomes. Expectancies and values were integrated additively to produce dietary intentions in the context of weight gain and disease‐risk, but the integration rule for time savings could not be determined. Theoretical implications and practical applications of these results are also discussed.
Input‐to‐state learning of recurrent neural networks with delay and disturbance
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Huang Xin , Chen Yebin , Zhou Jianping
Published: April 2021

This article deals with the issue of input‐to‐state stabilization for recurrent neural networks with delay and external disturbance. The goal is to design a suitable weight‐learning law to make the considered network input‐to‐state stable with a predefined ‐gain. Based on the solution of linear matrix inequalities, two schemes for the desired learning law are presented via using decay‐rate‐dependent and decay‐rate‐independent Lyapunov functionals, respectively. It is shown that, in the absence of external disturbance, the proposed learning law also guarantees the exponential stability of the network. To illustrate the applicability of the present weight‐learning law, two numerical examples with simulations are given.