bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1997 – « Grille n°2. Activité pédagogique. Enseigner une langue en 3D : jeux, improvisations, théâtre »
Authors: Bardsley Susanna
Published: July 2021

L’idée de faire des improvisations, des jeux, du « théâtre » avec les étudiants peut effrayer. On n’arrive pas dans la salle avec un tas de documents ; on enlève toutes les tables et toutes les chaises, et l’enseignant n’est plus seul devant des rangs d’étudiants. Le professeur et les étudiants ensemble se mettent en cercle pour commencer un cours de langues. Tous nos repères habituels ont disparu... Cette activité est utilisée en IUT depuis trois ans avec des étudiants en GEA, MI et, depuis la rentrée 1997, en GTR. Cette technique plaît énormément aux étudiants, car elle leur permet de s’exprimer en anglais dans une ambiance ludique. De plus, on constate une amélioration nette à l’oral, ce qui influence aussi les travaux écrits. Cette activité peut être utilisée une fois par an, tous les semestres, tous les mois ou bien toutes les semaines.
1998 – « Peut-on enseigner l'anglais en moins de 48 heures ? »
Authors: Combes-Joncheray Marie-Françoise
Published: July 2021

Lors de sa conférence au 18e colloque du GERAS, le 13 mars 1997, Jean-Réné Ladmiral a expliqué comment il avait mis en place des stratégies d’enseignement pour permettre à des étudiants de philosophie, n’ayant pas ou peu étudié l’allemand, de décoder les discours des philosophes allemands dans leur version originale. Il s’agissait de proposer une version réduite de la grammaire de la langue cible, et de démonter les structures de la langue de manière à rendre cet apprentissage rapide et efficace, le professeur ne disposant pour mener à bien cette mission que d’un quota d’heures réduit de l’ordre de 35 heures. J.-R Ladmiral a rendu compte du succès de l’opération, possible selon lui grâce à la structure particulière de la langue allemande. À son avis, la même démarche en langue anglaise ne serait par forcément couronnée de succès. Cependant, une mission comparable est menée à bien chque année depuis trois ans à l’Institut Universitaire de Formation des Maîtres (IUFM) de Nantes pour préparer des étudiants d’économie et de gestion (option commerce) à l’épreuve orale bilingue qu’ils ont à présenter au concours du CAPET. La question s’inscrit au cœur d’une question plus vaste : quel anglais enseignons-nous ?
1999 – « Les modes d'évaluation dans le cadre de l'enseignement multimédia : continuité ou rupture ? »
Authors: Vaillant Christine
Published: July 2021

Face à l’importance de plus en plus grande de la maîtrise réelle d’une ou plusieurs langues étrangères dans le futur profil professionnel de nos étudiants, la mise à disposition d’outils de communication de l’information multilingue semble a priori imposer une redéfinition du concept et des pratiques d’évaluation de l’apprentissage des langues. Cet article présente quelques aspects d’une communication multimédia faite lors du congrès de l’Apliut en juin 1998 à Saint Nazaire. L’objet de cette intervention étant de décrire les éléments nouveaux de type dynamique (multimodalité, hypernavigation, etc.) induits par l’utilisation des supports multimédias et de proposer des pistes de réponses aux questions suivantes : En quoi les pratiques traditionnelles d’évaluation sont-elle compatibles, adaptables ou totalement inadéquates à l’utilisation des Techniques de l’Information et de la Communication ? En parlant de « nouveaux modes d’évaluation » évoque-t-on de nouveaux outils, de nouveaux dispositifs ou de nouvelles pratiques ?
2000 – « Faites vos jeux »
Authors: Décuré Nicole
Published: July 2021

Laissés libres de choisir une forme d’activité pour la classe de langues, les deux-tiers des étudiants choisissent une activité ludique. L’enseignant peut alors soir leur laisser cette liberté, soit la canaliser à des fins jugées plus utiles ou efficaces, par exemple la langue de spécialité. On examinera ici l’attrait du jeu et ce qu’il peut apporter à l’enseignement, les différents types de jeux et les conditions nécessaires à leur réussite. À partir d’expériences concrètes, nous tenterons enfin de dégager de grandes lignes pour la création de jeux, par les étudiants et/ou les enseignants.
2003 – « Le vocabulaire militaire français en anglais : étude de la fonction expressive des emprunts français en langue anglaise »
Authors: Chadelat Jean-Marc
Published: July 2021

Riche de ses 85 % de mots d’origine latine ou française, l’anglais est la langue germanique la plus « méditerranéenne » au plan lexical. Parmi tous ces termes empruntés et assimilés, environ 2000 mots français non anglicisés se distinguent par leur forme étrangère et leur valeur spécifique. On s’intéressera ici à la terminologie du domaine militaire d’un point de vue diachronique et synchronique. La quarantaine de mots français relatifs à la force armée témoigne des relations historiques souvent tumultueuses entre la France et l’Angleterre depuis la guerre de Cent Ans. Mais ces emprunts sont aussi justiciables d’une approche lexiculturelle qui permet de discerner la « vision du monde » qu’ils véhiculent en anglais en remplissant une fonction expressive concurremment avec leur fonction référentielle. Le profil exotique de ces mots d’emprunt signale une valorisation connotative du fait d’un découpage plus idéologique que terminologique de la réalité extra-linguistique.
2004 – « La langue des signes française (LSF) : une langue iconique et spatiale méconnue »
Authors: Millet Agnès
Published: July 2021

On se propose dans cet article de rendre compte du fonctionnement général de la Langue des Signes Française (LSF). Pour ce faire, on s’appuie sur les dimensions iconiques et spatiales de la langue. On montre ainsi que l’iconicité est au cœur de la formation du lexique et de sa structuration. Cette structuration lexicale, qui crée les réseaux sémantiques propres à la LSF, est assurée conjointement par une variation du mouvement et le maintien de la configuration manuelle à partir d’un signe-base. Au plan syntaxique, c’est également l’iconicité qui fonde ce que l’on a appelé « espaces pré-sémantisés ». Ces espaces, distribués autour du corps du signeur, permettent d’organiser les relations syntaxiques en distribuant les rôles actanciels grâce au mouvement du verbe. Par ailleurs, on montre qu’un procédé morpho-syntaxique original de maintien de configuration manuelle permet d’assurer la cohérence syntaxique et discursive de certains énoncés tout en articulant lexique et syntaxe.
2006 – « Lecture assistée par ordinateur : application à l’anglais de l’informatique »
Authors: Joulia Danielle
Published: July 2021

La compréhension écrite de documentation technique est la compétence première à développer chez les étudiants d’un DUT Informatique. Nous avons opté pour une approche didactique qui prend appui sur les théories cognitives de la lecture. Notre objectif pédagogique est de réduire la surcharge cognitive qu’induit une lecture en langue étrangère en travaillant sur des textes professionnels. À cette fin, nous avons conçu un logiciel d’aide à la compréhension de documentation informatique (programmation) en anglais. Trois types d’aides sont mis à la disposition de l’apprenant pour tenter de résoudre ses difficultés et rendre l’input compréhensible. Notre approche, fondée sur le genre, s’inscrit dans la perspective actionnelle, en proposant une entrée par les tâches, susceptible de motiver nos étudiants.
2015 - « You say you want a revolution… Contribution à la réflexion pour une politique des langues adaptée au secteur LANSAD »
Authors: Braud Valérie , Millot Philippe , Sarré Cédric , Wozniak Séverine
Published: July 2021

Les effets de la réforme LMD sur les formations à l’université et, plus particulièrement, sur celles issues du secteur LANSAD sont, malgré leur ampleur, relativement peu mesurés. Par ailleurs, l’autonomie grandissante des universités a conduit au développement relativement anarchique des formations en langues, posant indéniablement un problème de lisibilité et, par là-même, de légitimité de ce secteur à forts enjeux. À partir d’une enquête principalement fondée sur un questionnaire renseigné par vingt-trois universités françaises, nous dressons un premier bilan institutionnel en demi-teinte du secteur LANSAD. Les résultats montrent tout d’abord que la réforme LMD a conduit à certains effets bénéfiques, en particulier, le fort développement des cours d’anglais de spécialité dès le niveau de la licence. Au-delà de cette tendance très générale cependant, les participants font part d’un sentiment de frustration face au problème de l’inadéquation entre les besoins en matière d’enseignement-apprentissage des langues et les moyens institutionnels mis en œuvre pour y répondre.
Circulation Regulations and Their Effect on User Return of Books
Authors: Banda Boniface , Chewe Pailet
Published: July 2021

The problem of delays in returning library books is common to all categories of library users at the University of Zambia. However, little is known about what causes the delay in returning the borrowed books. To address this gap, the authors investigated circulation policies at Zambia’s leading academic library. The objective was to establish the effect of library regulations on the return of library books. Using a survey method, the study targeted 90 full-time students who were randomly selected. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences while qualitative data were coded and analyzed thematically. The results revealed that circulation policies have an effect on returning the borrowed books by users. These findings provide a useful contribution to the dearth of literature on this subject and offer valuable information to inform future planning.
How Does Online Engagement Drive Consumers' Webrooming Intention?
Authors: Shankar Amit , Yadav Rambalak , Gupta Manish , Jebarajakirthy Charles
Published: July 2021

Based on the cognitive-motivational-relational (CMR) theory, this study empirically investigates the mechanisms through which consumers' online engagement impacts their channel switching intention. The present study examines the mediating effects of perceived value and the ways in which these mediating effects are moderated by online risk perception. Data were collected from 428 online Indian consumers using systematic random sampling. The results of the structural and process macro analyses indicated that consumer online engagement has a significant impact on consumer online search benefits which in turn leads to webrooming intention. Also, perceived value mediated the effects of online search benefits and offline purchase benefits on webrooming intention. The results advance the theory of CMR by explaining consumer channel switching behaviour and are expected to help multi-channel retailers to identify the key drivers that help engage consumers online.
Role of Intravesical Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Controlling Hemorrhagic Cystitis in Patients Undergoing Stem Cell Transplantation - A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Garg Akanksha , Dasgupta Roshni , Shah Sandip , Patel Kinnari , Shah Kamlesh
Published: July 2021

Introduction:

Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a well-known complication in patients undergoing hematopoeitic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), contributing considerably to morbidity and prolonged hospital stay. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) affects the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and the functioning of monocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes, and endothelial cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of GM-CSF bladder irrigation for HC post-HSCT.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess the clinical effects of GM-CSF (GM-CSF group) in controlling HC in patients who had undergone HSCT at our institute. We also compared these patients with those who did not receive GM-CSF.

Results:

There were 12 patients in the GM-CSF group and seven patients in the non-GM-CSF (control) group. The median ages were 16 years (range: 4–33 years) and 19 years (range; 6–41 years), respectively. Median time-to-resolution of HC from day of onset was 9.5 days in the GM-CSF group versus 59 days in the non GM-CSF group (P = 0.001). Mortality was 85% in the control group as compared to 16% in GM-CSF group (P = 0.008). Among the GM-CSF responders, complete response was seen in eight patients (67%). None of the patients developed any systemic or local side effects to GM-CSF. Overall survival in the two groups was 75% and 14%, respectively (P = 0.043).

Conclusion:

GM-CSF was shown to be effective in controlling HC in post-HSCT patients, without any major side effects, along with decreased mortality and improved overall survival.
Knowledge & Awareness regarding colorectal cancer among health and allied students of King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah
Authors: Aga Syed Sameer , Khan Muhammad Anwar , Alsulimani Enad Fahd , Fallatah Mahmoud Ali , Alquzi Abdulrahman Suliman , Alzahrani Rakan Ahmed , Binyamin Mohammad Tarek
Published: July 2021

Background:

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the pivotal public health issues in Saudi Arabia currently. There is a need to examine the knowledge and awareness of the health professions’ students who are going to be the caretakers of the public in years to come.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge and awareness of CRC in health and allied students of our Health Sciences University in Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:

An online predesigned and validated and self-administered Survey/Questionnaire was dispensed to all health and allied students. Descriptive statistics was performed using SPSS. Data were analyzed by demographic distributions to determine if students of these groups displayed any differential awareness and knowledge for CRC.

Results:

A total of 372 of students answered the online questionnaire with a mean age of 20 + 7.3 (SD) years. There was almost an equal distribution of male (47.8%) and female (52.2%) students and majority of them were single (97.3%). In this study, we found that the students were not having any knowledge of the epidemiology of CRC in Saudi Arabia. The knowledge about the various risk factors of CRC was also very dismal; only a minority of them (34.4%) was able to identify 5 out of 12 CRC risk factors correctly. However, 59.7% of students had no idea about the test/examination methods that are used in screening and detection of CRC, but majority (76.1%) of them were aware that people should get screened for CRC.

Conclusions:

A very low level of awareness and knowledge about CRC was observed in this study among all health and allied students. We strongly recommend that there is a dire need of proactive aggressive preventive medicine campaigns, educational programs, and curricular modifications for the students to prepare them for the challenges posed by increasing burden of cancer in the kingdom.
Empowering adolescents as peer-educators for early prevention of non-communicable diseases
Authors: Claramita Mora , Fitriyani Novi , Syah Nur Afrainin , Hilman Oryzati , Ekawati Fitriana Murriya , Mahmudah Noor Afif , Riskiyana Rilani
Published: July 2021

Background:

Human lifestyles, including sedentary activities, obesity, and smoking, are associated with a high risk of non-communicable diseases that are a leading cause of death globally. Accordingly, health promotion should be done as early as possible in the adolescent period.

Aims:

This study explores the efficacy of a peer-educator program in promoting the healthy habits of adolescents, via an existing Indonesian community initiative program called ‘POSBINDU’ (Integrated Counseling Post), led by the general practitioners.

Methods:

Twenty-week ‘experiential learning’ approach with mixed-method was designed to: 1) Train 10 GP trainers, 2) Recruit and observe the 10 group-1 and 50 group-2 peer-educators in a high school; 3) Develop modules on health lifestyles by the GPS and peer-educators, and 4) Implement the POSBINDU program at the high school.

Results:

Both GPs and students’ perceptions significantly increased before to after the intervention (p > 0.05). The participants also expressed they experienced increased comprehension of NCDs and the importance of healthy habits.

Conclusions:

The existing POSBINDU community's initiative program can potentially be improved by appropriate interventions to empower school students towards better healthy habits to prevent the early progression of NCDs.
The trace fossil Cardioichnus planus from the lower Miocene of Algeria: the first record from Africa and a probable endemic tracemaker
Authors: Naimi Mohammed Nadir , Cherif Amine
Published: July 2021

Abundant Cardioichnus planus SMITH & CRIMES, 1983 have been reported for the first time from Africa. They occur in lower Miocene deep-marine deposits near Tiaret in northwestern Algeria. Morphological features of the trace, coupled with the spatial interrelationships between Cardioichnus and the echinoids documented in this area, provide evidence that the endemic spatangoid Echinocardium nummuliticum PÉRON & GAUTHIER, 1885 represents the tracemaker of the studied C. planus. Cardioichnus is known from the upper Jurassic to the Pleistocene and it has a wide geographic and environmental distribution.
Linear features on karst surfaces: an example from Krk Island
Authors: Šegina Ela , Benac Čedomir , Šušteršič France , Knez Martin , Čar Jože
Published: July 2021

Krk Island located in the Dinaric karst is characterized by somehow contradictory, yet undefined depressions of linear geometry. A comprehensive spatial analysis considering over 900 linear features has served as a testing ground for revealing the specific circumstances required for the occurrence of linear morphology on the surface of rather pure karst typically characterized by dolines. Morphologic characteristics, spatial distribution and direct field evidence imply that linear features of different appearance are the outcome of, to the different stages reshaped, karstified, lithologic and tectonic structures. Due to specific regional climate conditions, they have been subsequently modified by the sporadic, fluvial processes of different degrees of intensity. Recently, such linear features hold dry valley- or dry gorge-like appearance. This example from the Dinarides gives the insight into possible circumstances that may cause a temporal surface runoff and consequentially result in the existence of an apparent fluvial surface morphology even in rather pure karst conditions. This knowledge is valuable for understanding other karst areas expressing temporal fluvial activity or imprints of past fluvial processes.
Efficacy of plant derived and synthetic insecticides against cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Homoptera: Aphididae) and their effect on coccinellid predators
Authors: Shonga Ermias , Getu Emana
Published: July 2021

Cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.)  is one of the major insect pests of brassica crops worldwide. Mainly insecticides are being used for its management which poses hazardous effects on the environment and the applicator. Low efficacy and non-target effect of the available insecticide are the main challenge in the management of the pest in Ethiopia. The use of bio-rational and neonicotinoid pesticides is a promising alternative as they are less vulnerable to resistance development and relatively safe to the environment and the applicator. This study was carried out in 2018/19 cropping season to evaluate the efficacy of plant derived and synthetic insecticides for the management of cabbage aphid and their effect on coccinellid predators on Ethiopian kale. Ten treatments including six synthetic and two botanical insecticides were tested in comparison with the standard check dimethoate 40% EC and the untreated control in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Significant (P<0.05) differences were observed among the treatments in terms of cabbage aphid population reduction and their effect on coccinellid beetles. The botanical mix (Garlic+onion+pepper) and imidacloprid were at par with each other and found to be the best treatment with 93.79% and 91.04% efficacy, respectively. The maximum leaf yield was obtained from imidacloprid (14.18 t/ha) followed by botanical mix (13.45 t/ha) and lufenuron (12.42 t/ha). The highest yield increment over control was obtained from imidacloprid (3.1 t/ha), followed by botanical mix (2.37 t/ha). The botanical mix, imidacloprid and neem seed extract were highly effective in aphid control as well as less hazardous to ladybird beetle (Coccinella septempunctata L.). The highest cost benefit ratio was recorded with profenofos (1:1.14) followed by lufenuron (1:0.2), spinosad and nimbecidine (1:0.18). Results of the current study demonstrated that imidacloprid and plant-based insecticides can reduce aphid populations equally to conventional insecticides and could be used as an alternative component for the integrated pest management (IPM) of cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) on kale crop under field condition of smallholder farming system.
Trend, Challenges and Opportunities of Illegal Wildlife Trafficking and Trade Activities within and through Ethiopia
Authors: Tessema Mekbeb , Wakjira Kumara , Paulos Daniel , Mekonnen Wubua , Mekonnen Arega , Asefa Addisu
Published: July 2021

Having improved knowledge on global, regional and/or national trends in illegal wildlife trade is required to develop effective combating strategies. In this paper, nine years (2011–2019) data on illegal wildlife trade and trafficking (iwt) seizure records were used to explore trends in iwt activities in Ethiopia and to identify countries involved most in the iwt. Trends of iwt activities were assessed in two indicators: as relative transaction index (ti), and as relative weight index (for ivory [wi]) or as relative number of items for ivory and other wildlife products [ni]. To account for potential yearly variations in seizure rates, proxy variables to law enforcement efforts and effectiveness were used and predictive models that produced bias-adjusted estimates of relative trends in iwt activities were built. To explore the underlying reasons for the trend observed, relevant national officers were also interviewed to assess how well has been wildlife law enforcement working in combatting iwt in the country. Linear or polynomial regressions, where appropriate, were fitted to the seizure data to establish trends in transaction index over the nine years. A total of 842 incidences of iwt seizure instance reports, involving 18 animal species, were recorded in the country during the nine years period. However, the highest seizure (94%) rate was ivory and ivory products. Our results generally showed declining trends in both ti and wi or ni. The observed trend was also supported by the experts’ opinions and likely reflects the positive impacts of the country’s implementation of its wildlife laws. Other interesting findings of this study were that China represented the single most important destination country and Chinese nationalities were the most traffickers. In conclusion, the results provide detailed evidence to inform national and international decision making on key species implicated in the illegal trade. Similar periodic assessment of the situation of iwt within the country is needed to evaluate effectiveness of the country’s past and present measures and to revise its future combatting policies and strategies.
Geological controls on brine discharge in Itumbula Salt Dam within the Rukwa Rift in Momba District, Tanzania
Authors: Maswi Mwita S , Minja Octavian , Batwenge Chakutema
Published: July 2021

The Itumbula salt dam of the Rukwa Rift Basin is a depression formed through extraction of spring-derived salt crystals. Brine yield by springs which is the primary cause of significant amounts of salt in the dam required further geological investigations to understand yield controls. In this study, detailed field geological investigations in the salt dam and its surroundings were conducted to ascertain brine discharge controls. These included documentation of lithology and surface manifestations of brine deposition. Geophysical methods (i.e. magnetic and electric surveys) for studying geologic structures associated with brine deposits, and laboratory analysis of cations and anions (e.g. chlorides, bicarbonates or sulphates) essential to characterize composition of waters were also performed. The information on the springs discharge rate was retrieved from the previous studies. The magnetic profile revealed a very low magnetic anomaly across the salt dam, trending NW to SE direction, which is interpreted to be the main structure that controls fluid movements in the dam. Electric resistivity survey results delineated a low resistivity body in the central part of the dam interpreted as porous formation with saline water. Hydro-chemistry of the hot spring brines indicated high levels of sodium and chloride ions contents than magnesium, calcium, potassium, sulphate, and carbonate and bicarbonate ions, interpreted to be mature water with minimal water mixing. The structurally controlled brines of approximately 2.5 kg/s are discharged in the study area.

Keywords: Geologic Structures, Brine, Salt Production, Momba, Rukwa Basin.
Evaluation of petroleum hydrocarbons contamination in soils and groundwater using electrical resistivity and hydrochemical methods-Case study: Ayetoro, Osogbo southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Fakunle Mutiu A , Ibraheem Muhydeen A , Agbaje Wasiu B , Abidoye Luqman A
Published: July 2021

The presence of Petroleum Hydrocarbons (PHCs) in hand-dug wells has become a concern to the residents of Ayetoro area, Osogbo. Consequently, the detection of PHCs was evaluated using, nine Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) and 2D electrical resistivity tomography surveys. Soil samples collected were analyzed for porosity and permeability. Hand-dug well water samples were screened for PHCs. VES revealed that second layer had high apparent resistivity of 14415.0 Ωm, indicating presence of PHCs that had penetrated to maximum depth of 19.1 m. The highest resistivity of the control points was 48.0 Ωm, indicating absence of PHCs. The 2D resistivity revealed highest value of 3622 Ωm and had migrated to a depth of 10.0 m. The porosity (0.40) and permeability (6.87516 x 10–4 cm/s) were typical of silty clay which allowed passage of PHCs. Hydro-chemical analysis indicated presence of PHCs (0.50–11.00 mg/L). The study has established presence of PHCs in soils and hand-dug wells.

Keywords: Petroleum Hydrocarbons, Soil, Groundwater, Electrical resistivity tomography
Effects of rapid thermal annealing on the properties of room-temperature oxygenated DC sputtered zinc thin films for CZTS solar cells application
Authors: Ollotu Emmanuel R , Mlyuka Nuru R , Samiji Margaret E
Published: July 2021

This work investigated the potential to achieve zinc oxide (ZnO) films for Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) solar cells window layer at controlled annealing conditions as a potential approach to address elemental inter-diffusion in CZTS solar cells. This involved rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of room-temperature oxygenated DC sputtered zinc thin films in an ambient of nitrogen gas at different temperatures. Structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of these films were determined by X-ray diffractometer, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrophotometer, and Hall Effect measurement, respectively. ZnO phases were observed after annealing the films over 150 °C. The films’ grains sizes improved with increasing RTA temperature. An exponential decrease in these films’ resistivity was observed with increasing RTA temperature attaining the lowest value at 300 °C. The bandgap and average solar transmittance of the films increased with increasing RTA temperature achieving values that are potential for applications in CZTS solar cells window layer at RTA temperatures beyond 200 °C.

Keywords: Sputtering; Rapid thermal annealing; Zinc oxide; Structural; Opt-electrical
Evaluation of scatter suppression algorithm for X-ray exposure of soft tissue equivalent phantoms over nominal energy range using FLUKA code
Authors: Omondi Samson O , Lugendo Innocent J , Kazema Ramadhan R , Kinyua Robert
Published: July 2021

Soft tissue imaging is heavily impaired by streaks and cupping effects associated with X-ray scatter. Quality of images from projection imaging may be improved by the use of enhanced anti-scatter grids’ designs with potency to reject significant scatter. However, optimization of grid characteristics requires investigation to improve diagnostic image quality. Transmitted scatter spatially distributed degrades images engendering need for effective scatter correction protocols. This study investigated the pre-scan scatter suppression algorithm for X-ray exposure of soft tissue equivalent phantoms over nominal energy range. Adipose tissue and polymethyl methacrylate phantoms of cross-sectional area (30 x 30) cm2 and of varying thickness from 2 to 8 cm in 1 cm increments were successively exposed using energy ranging between 20–50 kVp. Monte Carlo simulation based on FLUKA code and flair interface was used to generate an input file for execution. The source simulated five cycles of ten million photons each of annular X-ray photon beam of radius, r = 0.5 cm at fixed field of view (FOV) through anti-scatter grid on to gadolinium oxysulfide detector. The transmitted total, scatter and primary estimates were evaluated with and without grids over varying phantom thicknesses, energy and grid design features. The simulated and experimental results obtained were comparable and in agreement with previous literature. Pearson’s correlation coefficients for scatter fraction and scatter to primary ratio were 0.983 and 0.981, respectively. The strong correlation between simulation and experiment results indicated correctness in methodology and protocol. The algorithms and protocols in the simulation would be appropriate for designing grids with enhanced scatter rejection capabilities.

Keywords: FLUKA code, Monte Carlo simulation, Scatter suppression algorithm, Scatter correction, X-ray imaging systems.
Influence of carbonitriding conditions on phase composition and residual stresses for 20MnCr5 low alloy steel
Authors: Katemi Richard J , Epp Jeremy
Published: July 2021

This paper reports an investigation of the influence of carbonitriding conditions for 20MnCr5 low alloy steel. Three gaseous carbonitriding conditions were investigated based on different carbon and nitrogen potentials to attain varying levels of carbon between 0.62 and 0.93% mass, whereas for nitrogen between 0.19 and 0.26% mass at the surface. Analysis of retained austenite and residual stress distributions was conducted using X-ray diffraction technique. The effective case depth varied between 900 and 1200 µm. The case microstructures were characterized by varying proportions of retained austenite and martensite, while the core contained essentially bainitic microstructures. The maximum amount of retained austenite which occurred at a depth of 50 µm from the subsurface ranged between 30 and 70% mass and significantly influenced the level of surface micro-hardness whereas the core hardness remaining relatively constant at 450 HV1. High values of residual stresses in martensite phase were observed. The signs, magnitudes, distributions and location of maximum compressive residual stresses were highly influenced by the maximum fraction of retained austenite. Retained austenite of 30%, 50% and 70% mass at the surface lead to peak compressive residue stresses of -280, -227, and -202 MPa at depths of 555, 704, and 890 μm, respectively.

Keywords: Carbonitriding, retained austenite, martensite, residual stress, XRD.
Assessment of the quality and quantity of organic matter in the Rufiji mangrove surface sediments using biochemical composition
Authors: Shilla Daniel A.
Published: July 2021

This study was carried out to investigate spatial changes in the quality and quantity of sedimentary organic matter in the Rufiji mangrove system, Tanzania. Sediment samples were collected from three sampling sites. Total organic matter in mangrove sediments ranged from 7.28 ± 2.02% to 10.58 ± 1.34%. Protein concentrations varied from 1,145.33 ± 20.33 μg/g to 2,747.50 ± 25.14 μg/g in the mangrove sediments. Total carbohydrates, lipids and biopolymeric carbon in mangrove sediments ranged between 1,110.50 ± 16.31 μg/g and 1,914.17 ± 27.79 μg/g, 1,436.50 ± 24.13 μg/g and 6,373.50 ± 25.79 μg/g, and 4,496 μg C/g and 10,231.50 μg C/g, respectively. Tannins and lignins in mangrove sediments varied from 817.67 ± 12.97 μg/g to 1786.50 ± 30.74 μg/g, while stable carbon isotope (δ13C) in Rufiji mangrove sediments ranged between –26.64 ± 0.10 ‰ and –25.48 ± 0.13 ‰. Higher protein:carbohydrate (PRT:CHO) at station 3 indicated the presence of freshly deposited organic matter. The high lipid:carbohydrate (LPD:CHO) ratios observed in the Rufiji mangrove systems pointed towards the high quality of labile organic matter which supports benthic fauna. PCA revealed the association of variables and their distribution on trends across sites of the Rufiji mangrove system.

Keywords: Organic matter, biochemical composition, Rufiji, mangroves, sediments
Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment and site analyses of Arusha International Conference Centre (AICC), Arusha, Tanzania
Authors: Ferdinand Richard W
Published: July 2021

This work presents the evaluation of earthquake resistance of the Arusha International ConferenceCentre (AICC) complex, in Tanzania. The evaluation included probabilistic seismic hazardanalysis (PSHA) and site response analysis. Seismic sources considered to constitute a seismichazard in this study were randomly occurring seismicity located within five tectonic provincesaround the site. For each province the seismic hazard is based on a cursory analysis of earthquakedata from compiled ESARSWG bulletins and temporary deployed networks within the NorthTanzania Divergence (NTD). Bedrock response signal together with the information of materialcharacteristics from boreholes around the AICC site were used in analysis of site response. PSHAresults indicated uniform hazard spectra values of 0.15, 0.2 and 0.27 g for return periods of 475,975 and 2475 years, respectively. The surface ground response results indicated a maximumamplification factor of 3.7 and a spectral response of 4.5 g for a wave period of 0.6 sec thatmatches the natural frequency of the 6-7 storey buildings of the AICC complex. It is thisresonance effect on the buildings that is assumed to have caused intense shaking in the earthquakeof December 5th 2005 from Lake Tanganyika.

Keywords: Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis; Arusha International Conference Centre; EastAfrican Rift System; Uniform hazard spectra; Site effect.
Wireless Chaos-Based Communication System: Literature Review
Authors: Yuningsih Siti Hadiaty , Supian Sudradjat , Sukono Sukono , Subiyanto Subiyanto
Published: July 2021

Since the early 1990s, a slew of chaotic-based communication systems have been proposed, all of which take advantage of chaotic waveform properties. The inspiration stems from the substantial benefits that this form of nonlinear signal offers. Many communication schemes and applications have been specifically designed for chaos-based communication systems to achieve this goal, with energy, data rate, and synchronization awareness being taken into account in most designs. However, non-coherent chaos-based systems have recently received a lot of attention in order to take advantage of the benefits of chaotic signals and non-coherent detection while avoiding the use of chaotic synchronization, which has poor performance in the presence of additive noise. This paper provides a thorough examination of all wireless radio frequency chaos-based communication systems. It begins by describing the difficulties of chaos implementations and synchronization processes, then moves on to a thorough literature review and study of chaos-based coherent techniques and their applications.
Entrenamiento Cognitivo: La inteligencia cristalizada en el proceso de aprendizaje
Authors: Sánchez Everth
Published: July 2021

La inteligencia cristalizada en el proceso de aprendizaje se ha convertido en un tema de mucha importancia en la educación básica y universitaria.  La investigación responde a la aplicación de un módulo llamado” inteligencias para el aprendizaje” de los estudiantes de la carrera de administración IX de la Universidad la USIL-LIMA –PERU, cuyo objetivo principal fue determinar la influencia de la inteligencia cristalizada en el proceso de aprendizaje. En el presente estudio se ha utilizado el método cuantitativo, diseño cuasi experimental, y los instrumentos fueron un inventario de inteligencia inicial de Bar-On, y el cuestionario. La muestra estuvo constituida por setenta estudiantes universitarios (n = 70), distribuidos de forma aleatoria en grupos: (35) grupo experimental; (35) grupo de control). El efecto del módulo representó una mejora significativa de (p < 0,05). Es decir, la inteligencia cristalizada influye en el proceso del aprendizaje, puesto que, en el proceso de aprendizaje intervienen ciertas inteligencias que permiten asimilar y almacenar los conocimientos, llamada inteligencia cristalizada.
MICROBIAL AND PHYSIOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF BRANDED AND UNBRANDED GROUNDNUT OIL
Authors: Nnenna Omorodion , Sophia Emuejeraye
Published: July 2021

Processed food products have shown high potentials to be contaminated in suitable
environmental conditions. Groundnut oil is one of such products. The study was
conducted to determine the safest branded and unbranded groundnut oil sold in
markets. Total bacterial count and Total fungal count were evaluated using standard
microbiological methods. The result obtained showed that all the branded oil was free
from bacterial contamination since they went through a series of refining processes.
Although, they were contaminated with fungi. All the unbranded groundnut oil had
bacterial and fungal contaminations of species which include; Bacillus (20%),
Staphylococcus (20%), Enterobacter (6%), Micrococcus (27%), Fusarium, and
Aspergillus sp. The total heterotrophic bacteria count for the unbranded groundnut oil
samples ranged from 9.4×102 to 2.3×102
cfu/ml while total fungal counts for
unbranded groundnut oil samples ranged from 5.5 ×100
and 2.0×100
cfu/ml. The total
bacterial count for branded groundnut oil ranged from 3.0×100 and 2.0×100 which were
within acceptable standards. The physicochemical parameters for unbranded
groundnut oil did not exceed the acceptable limit. Nevertheless, consumers are
encouraged to use more refined and branded groundnut oil as these fall closer to
acceptable standards than regular unbranded ones.
Development of professional behaviour with an additional experiential year in pharmacy curriculum: students’ and preceptors’ perspectives
Authors: Van Jennifer , Mojaddidi Hafasa , Nang Catherine , Ortega Mauricio , Mac Donald Courtney , Itani Nour , Kaur Baljinder , Lewis Sarah , Heimer Susan , Jenkins Tara , Rajagopalan Vanishree
Published: July 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine whether an additional year of experiential training fosters the development of professional behaviours in pharmacy students. Surveyed cohorts included experiential year one (EY1) and two (EY2) students, compared to their clinical preceptors.     
Methods: A validated survey instrument called APIPHANI was utilised to assess professionalism across five distinct domains that aligned with the American Pharmacists Association (AphA) toolkit. Data were analysed by a 2-tailed Mann-Whitney U test.     
Results: EY2 students exhibited non-statistically significant higher numerical scores than EY1 students in both Knowledge (domain 1) and Professional Involvement (domain 3), and nearly equivalent scores in Proactivity (domain 2) and Integrity (domain 5).      
Conclusions: These results suggest that an additional year of experiential training expands the knowledge with the EY2 students, moving closer towards the preceptors’ level of knowledge. Students harboured stronger community involvement than preceptors, with the highest reported by EY2 students.
Before God: Reconstructing Ritual in the Desert in Proto-Historic Times
Authors: Eisenberg-Degen Davida , Galili Roy , Rosen Steven A
Published: July 2021

Archaeological remains are a trove of potential data which, together with the study of ritual, enable reconstruction and evaluation of social and religious structures and complexity. Concentrating on the Timnian culture (sixth to late third millennium BCE) of the Southern Levant deserts, we review the changes that took place with the adoption of the domesticated goat, noting the contrast between habitation sites and ritual related megalithic monuments regarding social hierarchy. Desert kites, open-air shrines, and cairns reflect organized communal labour and use, reinforcing tribal identity and the need for territorial definition. The orientation of the open-air shrines reflects a cosmology related to death and mortuary. Timnian Rock art comprises geoglyphs and petroglyphs. Geoglyphs are associated with open air shrines while petroglyphs represent a slightly later development initially unrelated to ritual. In accordance with the rock art repertoire and styles employed, we suggest that the orant was integrated into the Timnian culture following contact with northern cultures by way of trade with Arad. Rock art also highlights foreign entities in the Negev during the Intermediate Bronze age.
An Analysis of Harmonic Patterns in the Time Series of the Forex Market
Authors: Darrigrande Macarena Cortés , Soares Thaise Gambarra
Published: July 2021

Los bordes costeros generan un paisaje compuesto por un patrimonio construido y natural que determinan condiciones interesantes en la reflexión actual del Patrimonio. Este trabajo propone un acercamiento comparativo entre Viña del Mar y Rio de Janeiro, que permita entender sus diferencias y las consecuencias actuales de los proyectos desarrollados en la conformación patrimonial del borde costero. Las iniciativas desarrolladas apuntan a propuestas de índole y escalas diversas, pero en ambas, las condiciones legislativas se cruzan con los intereses públicos y privados, incidiendo en la toma de decisiones sobre el área más apreciada de la ciudad y en su configuración actual.
Determinación de la fugacidad para el ciclohexano a las condiciones de la Ciudad de México mediante el uso de una ecuación de estado
Authors: Melo Juan Daniel López , Hernández Fernanda Atondo , Pañeda Ximena Villegas , Rodríguez Alma Delia Rojas
Published: July 2021

La fugacidad es la medida del potencial químico para ajustar el valor de una presión. Está directamente relacionada con la tendencia de una sustancia para mantener la estabilidad de una fase (líquida, sólida, vapor o gas). A una temperatura y presión fijas, una sustancia específica tendrá una fugacidad diferente para cada fase. Aquella fase con la menor fugacidad será la más estable.
Numerical Simulation of the Performance of a Solar Assisted Vapour Compression Refrigeration System
Authors:   Department Of Mechanical Engineering, University Of Ibadan, Nigeria, Odunfa K.M.
Published: July 2021

Research has established that a considerable part of the electrical energy produced globally is been consumed by refrigerators and air-conditioning systems. In this area of cooling technology, research is therefore being geared towards energy reduction in the cooling devices. In addition to this approach, alternative sources of energy such as renewable energy, like solar is also being explored in this area of refrigeration and cooling technology. Studies have also been conducted generally both experimentally and numerically to simulate the performance of Vapor Compression Refrigeration System (VCRS) under different conditions. However, experimental study is often seems to be expensive and time consuming to carry out due the function of many variables. This study was therefore designed to numerically simulate the performance assessment of a solar assisted VCRS. A numerical model of a solar assisted vapour compression refrigeration system was developed using standard solar energy and thermodynamics relations of the major components of solar assisted refrigerating system such as solar power system, compressor, condenser, evaporator and an expansion valve to determine refrigeration effect, compressor work, and the Coefficient Of Performance (COP). Standard data of R134a refrigerant was utilized in the modelling. The model was then simulated on MATLAB source code with a CoolProp installed packages via python under two different simulation cases. In the first case, the evaporating temperature was varied for all while the condensing temperature was kept constant and a reversed condition was investigated in the second case.The results showed that both the refrigerating effect and the COP of the system increase as the evaporating temperature increased while the compressor work and the panel area decreased. Further, the refrigerating effect and the COP of the system were decreased as the condensing temperature was increased while the compressor work and the panel area remained constant. The coefficient of performance at evaporating temperature of -17.2 shows 2.91 giving a deviation of -5.37% from the literature.The viability of a solar assisted vapour compression refrigeration system was established. The vapour compression refrigeration system compressor powered with solar energy will perform well when the solar panel (PV) area is large.
Lip Balm Formulation Based on Balinese Grape seed Oil (Vitis vinifera l. Var Alphonso Lavallee)
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitas Warmadewa, Indonesia, Permatananda Pande Ayu Naya Kasih
Published: July 2021

Lip balm is defined as a cosmetic formulation that is applied to the lips to prevent dryness of the lips and protect the lips from foreign bodies, which makes lip balms different from lipsticks. There are many plant oils that can be used in making moisturizers, including lip balm, one of which is grapeseed oil. Although less popular with the public, Balinese grape has a higher flavonoid content than other grapes. The purpose of this study was to create a lip balm product derived from Balinese grape seed oil and find the best concentration of Balinese grape seed oil to create a lip balm product. The research method used in this research is experimental. Making lip balm preparations based on Balinese grape seed oil with various concentrations of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70%. The ingredients used are Balinese grapeseed oil, lanolin, beeswax, propylene glycol and essential oils (perfume). Evaluation of lip balm preparations, namely homogeneity test, stability test carried out for three months at room temperature by observing changes in color, odor and dosage form, pH test, smear test, irritation test, and testing the ability of lip balm preparations to moisturize lips on the tested volunteers by using the preparation every day before going to bed and then measuring the moisture content of the lips every week until the fourth week using a skin analyzer. The result of this study is that grapeseed oil has the potential to be developed into cosmetic products, especially lip balm with the best concentration is 70%.
Constructivism in Education with Teaching Logic in Universities of Viet Nam
Authors:   Faculty of Philosophy, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Hieu Tran Minh
Published: July 2021

According to our survey, most students are not interested and afraid of Logic. Every year, over 700,000 university and college students have to study this subject out of nearly 2 million students of 521 universities and colleges (Ministry of Education and Training 2020). The logic course consists of about 2-4 credits, depending on the program structure of each university. Thus, the impact of the study of Logic on the general knowledge of students is not tiny. So how to improve the quality of teaching and learning this subject? In this paper, we will present some answers to this question, using Constructivism in teaching.