bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Group Investigation terhadap Hasil Belajar PPKn Kelas 3 di MI Ikhwanul Muslimin
Authors: Alfajriah Ralisya Shaqinah , Fahri Muhammad , Yono Yono
Published: May 2024

Student PPKn learning outcomes are still unsatisfactory, causing students' low understanding of the material, thus affecting student learning outcomes who have not reached the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM) score. This research aims to determine the effect of implementing the group investigation type cooperative learning model to answer existing problems in the field. The research method used is an experimental research method. The research results show that: (1) Student learning outcomes before using the Group Investigation Cooperative Learning Model show that the average learning outcomes for experimental class students is 65.6 and the control class is 74.8. These results show that the average learning outcome for the experimental class is still below the KKM, namely 68; (2) Student Learning Results after using the Group Investigation Type Cooperative Learning Model, in this discussion the results of data analysis for the final test (posttest) between the experimental and control groups show different average values. This shows that the average learning outcome for experimental class students is 70.4 and the control class is 77.6. These results show that the two classes got an average learning outcome above the KKM, namely 68; (3) The influence of the Group Investigation type cooperative learning model on student learning outcomes. In the application of the group investigation type cooperative learning model, it can be concluded that the results of the pretest for class III A students (experiment) got a value below the average, namely 65.6, while the KKM in terms of Civics learning at school is 68. After being treated with the group investigation type cooperative learning model in this class, it can be seen that there has been an increase in learning outcomes up to 70.4. So we get a difference of 4.8.
Dampak Integrasi Teknologi dalam Pembelajaran Terhadap Prestasi Akademis Mahasiswa Perguruan Tinggi
Authors: Zulfikhar Rosa , Mustofa Mustofa , Hamidah Emmy , Sapulete Heppy , Wilson Sitopu Joni , Nurmalia Sari Mike
Published: May 2024

This study aims to explore the impact of technology integration in learning on the academic achievement of students in higher education. Through a literature review, we investigate the relationship between the use of technology such as e-learning platforms, augmented reality, and virtual reality with student engagement and academic achievement. Findings from this research highlight the importance of adequate technological infrastructure, teacher training, relevant curriculum design, institutional support, and technology accessibility to enhance the effectiveness of technology use in learning. The implications of this study provide insights for education practitioners and policymakers to maximize the benefits of technology in improving student academic achievement in higher education.
Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka dalam Mewujudkan Pendidikan yang Berkualitas di SDN 154 Tulekko Kebupaten Bulukumba
Authors: Hapis Muh. , Rahman Syarifah Aeni , Rubianto Rubianto
Published: May 2024

The main problem in this research is what is the level of implementation of the independent curriculum in realizing quality education at SDN 154 Tulekko Regency. Bulukumba. This research aims to determine the implementation of the independent curriculum in realizing quality education at SDN 154 Tulekko Regency. Bulukumba. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research, namely the data collected is in the form of words, images, not numbers. The samples used were the principal, homeroom teacher of classes I and IV and 2 students of classes I and IV. The instruments used to collect data were observation, interviews and documentation. Based on the results of research conducted by researchers regarding the implementation of the independent curriculum in realizing quality education at SDN 154 Tulekkon, Bulukumba Regency. The results obtained from the school community, namely the principal, homeroom teacher and representatives of students in grades 1 and 4, were used as informants in this research. Implementation of the Independent Curriculum at SDN 154 Tulekko, Bulukumba Regency. The implementation system is gradual, so the first year is grades 1 and 4. The second year follows grades 2 and 5. The implementation of the independent curriculum at SDN 154 Tulekko, Bulukumba Regency, which needs to be prepared, of course there is cooperation or collaboration between the school, be it the principal, teachers or students. . In this case, IKM program planning. Factors that become obstacles or obstacles in implementing independent learning at SDN 154 Tulekko, Bulukumba Regency are limited resources and difficulties in formative assessment.
Analisis Kinerja Pegawai Dalam Memberikan Pelayanan Administrasi Kepada Masyarakat Di Desa Semangat Dalam Handil Bakti Kabupaten Barito Kuala
Authors: Hetty Hernany Devia , Setiawati Budi , Humaidi M. Agus , Puspita Amelia
Published: May 2024

Performance can be known and measured if an individual or group of employees or employees have criteria or benchmark success standards set by the organization. Performance can also be said to be the product of doing something related to a job, position or role in an organization with a maximum sense of responsibility, dedication and loyalty. The performance referred to in this research is all the power and efforts made by employees in providing administrative services to the community. This expected performance is reflected in three aspects, namely, (a) the cognitive aspect, namely the employee's understanding of the administrative service system to the community, (b) the effective aspect, namely the performance of employees in service, is the efforts made by employees to accept and create harmonious interpersonal relationships with the community, (c) the performance aspect is everything that employees do in using their physical bodies in acting so that they can provide good service. best for society
Determinan Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja di Pulau Sumatera dan Pulau Jawa
Authors: Anggrya Yenni , Maimunah Emi
Published: May 2024

Labor absorption is the opening up of greater employment opportunities to provide more job opportunities for the working age population. Job opportunities that are already filled can be seen in the number of people who are already working. The aim of this research is to look at the influence of the Provincial Minimum Wage, Labor Productivity, and Gross Fixed Capital Formation on Labor Absorption on the Islands of Sumatra and Java. Secondary data used in this research comes from the Central Statistics Agency and the Ministry of Manpower. The method used in this research is the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method and uses panel data with 80 studies with a research period of 2018-2022. The results of the research show that the Provincial Minimum Wage and PMTB have a positive and significant influence on labor absorption on the islands of Sumatra and Java. Meanwhile, labor productivity has a negative and significant influence on labor absorption on the islands of Sumatra and Java.
Urgensi Bela Negara Untuk Meningkatkan Jiwa Nasionalisme Dan Perananya Dalam Intergrasi Nasional
Authors: Sunara Akbar Rasona , Bayu Krisna Aji M. , Zaqi Zhilal M Farhan , Aurora Denisa , Ferry Akbar Lalu Muhammad , Khusnul Khotimah Anandhita , Rozansyah Dendis Zain , Ragachdo Faiz
Published: May 2024

This research aims to provide a deeper understanding of the urgency of the concept of National Defense in strengthening national identity and increasing the feeling of love for the country among the community. Apart from that, this research also aims to analyze the role and implementation of the National Defense program in the context of national integration, by identifying factors that support or hinder its success. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach to explore the concepts of National Defense, the spirit of nationalism, and national integration and to identify the relationship between the three. The concept of National Defense has high urgency in the context of national development in Indonesia. Through active community participation in National Defense programs, a collective awareness of the importance of loyalty, solidarity and national unity is created. Defending the Nation has a significant impact on increasing the spirit of nationalism among society. Through participation in National Defense activities, society can strengthen feelings of love and loyalty towards the homeland and foster solidarity and unity among citizens. Implementation of National Defense programs also has a positive impact in strengthening national integration. Through collaboration between citizens from various backgrounds, an inclusive and harmonious environment is created amidst cultural and ethnic diversity.
Implementasi Planning Programming Budgeting System Dalam Manajemen Pembiayaan Pendidikan
Authors: Meity Sumual Shelty Deity , Pontoh Suiling , Kaparang Maria , Nomel Kumajas Victor
Published: May 2024

The importance of financing management in education is to ensure the success of educational institutions both academically and financially. A well-managed financing system helps ensure that funds are allocated efficiently and effectively, improving the quality of education and providing benefits to students and educators. Planning Programming Budgeting System is a management method used to allocate limited resources effectively in an organization. It involves goal setting, plan creation, budgeting, and progress tracking. This helps agencies to prioritize their goals and ensure that they use their resources in a responsible and effective manner. The research method used in this study is a descriptive research method, where this research establishes a qualitative approach with literature studies. The result of the research is the implementation of the Planning Programming Budgeting System (PPBS) aims to create a comprehensive, consistent, and transparent reporting framework for educational institutions. By using this system, the management of funding allocation can be accounted for through cost control, financial projections, tracking, and cost reporting. The PPBS system effectively manages education financing by ensuring the provision of reliable, transparent, and accurate financial data in a timely manner. This ultimately improves the financial stability and sustainability of the institution, as well as the quality of education for its students.
Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Kelas I SD Supriyadi 02 Semarang
Authors: Kushendrawan Afik , Miyono Noor , Sofiati Ranto Netty
Published: May 2024

Quality education must be supported by the selection of appropriate resources and learning models. The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of the Problem Based Learning model in improving Mathematics Learning Outcomes for Class I SD Supriyadi 02 Semarang. This research is quantitative research. The research design used was pre-experimental with a one group pretest posttest design system. The population in this study was 26 students with 14 female students and 12 male students. The sampling technique used was a saturated sample. Data collection techniques use tests. Data analysis techniques include normality tests, homogeneity tests and hypothesis tests. The results obtained were that the pretest score obtained an average score of 59.23 with a posttest score of 80.00. Based on the results of the t-test, the sig (2-tailed) value is 0.000 < 0.05, meaning that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. The research results show an increase in learning outcomes through the Problem Based Learning learning model in class I.
Upaya Meningkatkan Kemandirian Dan Prestasi Belajar Matematika Melalui Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri
Authors: Haryanti Emah Sri , Muryaningsih Sri
Published: May 2024

This research is motivated by the low level of student learning independence which results in unsatisfactory learning achievement. Therefore, it is necessary to develop innovative learning models in mathematics learning to increase student independence and learning achievement. The aim of this research is to describe the level of independence and achievement in learning mathematics on the topic of fractions using the Inquiry learning model. The subjects of this research were 29 fifth grade students. This research was carried out in two cycles, with two meetings in each cycle. Data is collected through teacher observation, student observation, and tests at the end of each cycle. The research results showed that the average value of learning outcomes increased from 57.85% in the pre-cycle to 65.18% in the first cycle, then increased again to 81% in the second cycle. The percentage of students' classical completeness also increased from 59.25% in the first cycle test to 88.20% in the second cycle final test, exceeding the classical completeness target set at 80%. Apart from that, the level of student learning independence also experienced a significant increase from 34.48% in cycle 1 to 86.20% in cycle 2. Thus, it can be concluded that the inquiry learning model is effective in increasing students' independence and mathematics learning achievement. fifth grade students at state elementary school 1 Kejobong.
Pembangunan Ekonomi Berkelanjutan Dan Daya Dukung Lingkungan Berbasis Jejak Ekologis Di Negara Asean
Authors: Destiani Egi , Emalia Zulfa
Published: May 2024

Ecological footprint is one of the indicators that can be used to see the condition of environmental carrying capacity and sustainable economic development. The aim of this research is to analyze the long-term influence of GDP per capita, trade openness and energy consumption on the ecological footprint in ASEAN countries. Secondary data used in this research was obtained from official information sources, namely the Global Footprint Network (GFN), the World Bank, and Our World in Data. The analytical method used in this research is Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) and uses panel data with a total of 160 data in the research period 2000-2019. The research results show that the variables GDP per capita, trade openness and energy consumptionon have a positive and significant influence in the long term on the eological footprint in ASEAN countries.
Manajemen Marketing Madrasah Melalui Teknologi Informasi Dan Komunikasi di MA Hidayatul Mubtadiin Jati Agung Lampung Selatan
Authors: Hayati Nur , Murtafiah Nurul Hidayati , Pujianti Etika
Published: May 2024

The point of this examination is to decide and break down the preparation, execution and assessment of madrasa showcasing the executives through data and correspondence innovation at Madrasah Aliyah Hidayatul Mubtadiin Jati Agung South Lampung. This sort of exploration is subjective examination, the technique utilized in this exploration utilizes perception, meetings and documentation. The information sources in this examination are essential and optional exploration sources. The information investigation procedure utilized is an intuitive model and information triangulation to really look at the legitimacy of the information. The exploration results show that 1) Mama Hidayatul Mubtadiin's new understudy confirmations advertising arranging (PPDB) is the most vital phase in the understudy affirmations process. The initial step is vital, on the grounds that the initial step is important for the interaction that will prompt the eventual outcome. Figuring out a promoting program execution plan zeros in additional on tips, strategies, procedures or methodologies that are successful, effective and adaptable to carry out. Execution arranging should think about time distribution, accessibility of assets, HR, offices, etc. 2) Execution of Mama Hidayatul Muntadiin's showcasing through data and correspondence innovation by carrying out a blend, in particular item, value, spot and advancement. In the interim, the media utilized for madrasa advertising are handouts and the web like sites, WA, Instagram, Facebook, TV and papers. 3) Assess the advertising system or execution associated with showcasing, by taking a gander at the degree of promoting exercises that have been carried out, by proceeding with exercises that have been generally answered by the general population.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) Terhadap Keterampilan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa pada Pembelajaran Biologi SMAN 1 Sarolangun
Authors: Dwifinura Helmi Meutia , Hijrah Selaras Ganda
Published: May 2024

Peserta didik memiliki keterampilan pemecahan masalah yang rendah disebabkan oleh model pembelajaran yang belum mampu mengembangkan keterampilan pemecahan masalah.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana model pembelajaran PBL berdampak terhadap keterampilan pemecahan masalah peserta didik pada pebelajaran biologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen semu (quasi experiment) dengan rancangan pretest-posttest control group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas XI MIPA 2 sampai kelas XI MIPA 5 tahun ajaran 2023/2024. Kelas XI MIPA 1 tidak dimasukkan kedalam populasi karena merupakan kelas unggul. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas XI MIPA 5 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas XI MIPA 4 sebagai kelas kontrol. Sampel diambil menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Kelas sampel ditentukan berdasarkan nilai rata-rata UH 1 yang paling mendekati dan homogen. Lembar soal berbentuk uraian merupakan instrument yang digunakan untuk menilai keterampilan pemecahan masalah peserta didik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai pretest rata-rata 46,85 pada kelas eksperimen dan 38,09 pada kelas kontrol. Nilai posttest rata-rata 77,50 pada kelas eksperimen dan 67,77 pada kelas kontrol. Berdasarkan uji paired sample t-test diketahui bahwa hasil nilai sig. sebesar 0,000 yang nilainya lebih kecil dari nilai signifikan < 0,05, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran PBL berpengaruh terhadap keterampilan pemecahan masalah peserta didik pada pembelajaran biologi.
CHECKLIST PARA PARAMENTAÇÃO/DESPARAMENTAÇÃO DOS EQUIPAMENTOS DE PROTEÇÃO INDIVIDUAL: VALIDAÇÃO CLÍNICA
Authors: Muniz Braga Luciene , Guerra Siman Andréia , Dutra Herica Silva , Siqueira-Batista Rodrigo , Ferreira Millena Mayra , Gomes Andréia Patrícia
Published: May 2024

Introdução: falhas no manuseio dos equipamentos de proteção individual e nos processos de paramentação/desparamentação aumentam o risco de exposição ao vírus. Portanto, a padronização das técnicas de paramentação/desparamentação dos equipamentos de proteção individual é essencial para proteção dos profissionais. Objetivos: validar clinicamente um checklist para paramentação/desparamentação dos equipamentos de proteção individual e compreender a percepção dos participantes sobre paramentação/desparamentação dos equipamentos de proteção individual com orientação verbal supervisionada. Método: pesquisa metodológica de validação clínica. Participaram 37 profissionais de saúde (serviço de urgência e unidade de covid-19) e 20 estudantes. Dados analisados por estatística descritiva e relatos dos participantes submetidos à análise temática. Resultados: o checklist foi adaptado às especificidades dos serviços, pois utilizavam um capuz para proteger cabeça, face e região cervical. A máscara N95 era utilizada para assistência direta aos pacientes com suspeita/confirmação de covid-19. O uso do checklist com orientações verbais e supervisão promoveu calma e segurança para paramentação/desparamentação e contribuiu para prática correta, redução de erros e prevenção da autocontaminação. Conclusão: o checklist é um instrumento com linguagem clara, de fácil compreensão e proporcionou maior segurança na paramentação/desparamentação.
Genome-Wide Identification, Expression Analysis and Functional Study of DELLA Genes in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis)
Authors: Yuan Yongxue , Wang Lixia , Zhao Qianyu , Liu Chenwen , Fu Xin , Li Xiaolong , Qiu Minghui , Li Jingjuan , Zhang Yihui , Li Cheng , Qiu Nianwei , Wang Fengde , Gao Jianwei
Published: May 2024

Background: DELLA protein is a crucial factor which played pivotal roles in regulating numerous intriguing biological processes in plant development and abiotic stress responses. However, little is known about the function and information of DELLA protein in Chinese cabbage. Methods: Using 5 DELLA gene sequences in Arabidopsis Thaliana as probes, 5 DELLA genes in Chinese cabbage were identified by Blast search in Chinese cabbage database (Brassica database (BRAD)). The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), ExPaSy, SWISS-MODEL, DNAMAN, MEGA 11, PlantCARE were used to identify and analyze the DELLA gene family of Chinese cabbage. Gene expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The function of BraA10gRGL3 was verified by overexpression and phenotypic analysis of BraA10gRGL3 and yeast hybrid. Results: In this study, 5 BraDELLAs homologous to Arabidopsis thaliana were identified and cloned based on the Brassica database, namely, BraA02gRGL1, BraA05gRGL2, BraA10gRGL3, BraA06gRGA and BraA09gRGA. All BraDELLAs contain the DELLA, TVHYNP, and GRAS conserved domains. Cis-element analysis revealed that the promoter regions of these 5 DELLA genes all contain light-responsive elements, TCT motif, I-box, G-box, and box 4, which are associated with GA signaling. Transcriptome analysis results proved that the expression of BraA02gRGL1, BraA05gRGL2, and BraA10gRGL3 in Y2 at different growth stages were lower than them in Y7, which is consistent with the phenotype that Y7 exhibited stronger stress tolerance than Y2. It is worth emphasizing that even through the overexpression of BraA10gRGL3-Y7 in Arabidopsis resulted in smaller leaf size and lower fresh weight compared to the wild type (WT) Arabidopsis: Columbia, a stronger response to abiotic stresses was observed in BraA10gRGL3-Y7. It indicated that BraA10gRGL3-Y7 can improve the stress resistance of plants by inhibiting their growth. Moreover, the yeast two-hybrid experiment confirmed that BraA10gRGL3-Y7 can interacted with BraA05gGID1a-Y7, BraA04gGID1b1, BraA09gGID1b3-Y2, and BraA06gGID1c, whereas BraA10gRGL3-Y2 cannot interact with any BraGID1. Conclusions: Collectively, BraDELLAs play important role in plant development and response to abiotic stress. The differences in amino acid sequences between BraA10gRGL3-Y2 and BraA10gRGL3-Y7 may result in variations in their protein binding sites, thus affecting their interaction with the BraGID1 family proteins. This systematic analysis lays the foundation for further study of the functional characteristics of DELLA genes of Chinese cabbage.
Alterations of Myocardial Mitochondrial Morphology and Function in a Canine Model of Premature Ventricular Contractions-Induced Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Liu Tao , Yang Manqi , Cui Bo , Ju Hao , Wu Jinchun , Ren Zongli , Cao Sheng , Yan Min , Zhang Fan , Liu Zheyu , He Shuijing , Zhang Jiajun , Hiram Roddy , Xiong Feng , Cheng Mian , Wu Gang
Published: May 2024

Aims: Changes in myocardial mitochondrial morphology and function in premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)-induced cardiomyopathy (PVCCM) remain poorly studied. Here, we investigated the effects of PVCs with different coupling intervals (CIs) on myocardial mitochondrial remodelling in a canine model of PVCCM. Methods and Results: Twenty-one beagles underwent pacemaker implantation and were randomised into the sham (n = 7), short-coupled PVCs (SCP, n = 7), and long-coupled PVCs (LCP, n = 7) groups. Right ventricular (RV) apical bigeminy was produced for 12-week to induce PVCCM in the SCP (CI, 250 ms) and LCP (CI, 350 ms) groups. Echocardiography was performed at baseline and biweekly thereafter to evaluate cardiac function. Masson’s trichrome staining measured ventricular interstitial fibrosis. The ultrastructural morphology of the myocardial mitochondria was analysed using transmission electron microscopy. Mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, membrane potential, and electron transport chain (ETC) complex activity were measured to assess myocardial mitochondrial function. Twelve-week-PVCs led to left ventricular (LV) enlargement with systolic dysfunction, disrupted mitochondrial morphology, increased mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration and ROS levels, decreased mitochondrial ATP content and membrane potential, and impaired ETC complex activity in both the SCP and LCP groups (all p < 0.01 vs the sham group). Ventricular fibrosis was observed only in canines with LCP. Worse cardiac function and more pronounced abnormalities in mitochondrial morphology and function were observed in the LCP group than to the SCP group (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: We demonstrated myocardial mitochondrial abnormalities in dogs with PVCCM, characterised by abnormal mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, oxidative stress, and impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism. Compared to SCP, long-term LCP exposure resulted in more severe mitochondrial remodelling and cardiac dysfunction in dogs.
Role of the prosecutor’s office in the investigation of cases of a political nature in the second half of the 19th — early 20th century (on the example of Kursk province)
Authors: Petrishcheva Natalia , Zarubina Kristina
Published: May 2024

The article examines the system of organization of prosecutorial supervision over the process of consideration of cases of a political nature in the second half of the 19th - early 20th century in Russia (on the example of the Kursk province). The article analyzes the basic rules for conducting an inquiry on state crimes, the role of the prosecutor’s office in investigating this category of cases, and other supervisory powers of prosecutors related to the organization of countering the spread of political crime.
Soviet-German Rapallo treaty: reasons, goals, signatories
Authors: Baev Valery , ;Frolov Sergey , Meshcheryakova Svetlana
Published: May 2024

The article analyzes the political and legal state of Russia after the revolution of 1917, the Civil War and foreign intervention. During the Genoa Conference of 1922, it was planned to build the world on new conditions, to include socialist Russia in the structure of international relations, but to force it to return the enterprises nationalized by the Soviet government to the West beforehand or to compensate for their cost. In order to obtain Western loans, it was important to achieve international recognition, to get out of isolation. The authors show how it became possible to break through the isolation ring, conclude a peace treaty with Germany with all the difference in potentials, ideologies, and life values of the two countries.
Role of the Black Sea region in China’s “One Belt, One Road” geoeconomics strategy
Authors: Xuyang Liu
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to the specifics of China's strategy in the countries of the Black Sea region in the context of the implementation of the “One Belt, One Road” initiative. In this context, the Black Sea region is of interest as a transit zone for the transport corridors of the Chinese initiative. Author concludes that although Beijing's relative influence in the region, compared with other key players such as the United States, is relatively modest, it is likely to expand, given the interest of Turkey, Bulgaria, Georgia in Chinese investments.
The Whiteness of Wealth Management: Colonial Economic Structure, Racism, and the Emergence of Tax Havens in the British Caribbean
Authors: Hakelberg Lukas , Ahrens Leo , Crasnic Loriana
Published: May 2024

The Commonwealth Caribbean is often considered an archipelago of tax havens. Despite sharing attributes conventionally associated with tax havens, however, only a few Caribbean jurisdictions with a (post-)colonial relationship to the United Kingdom have become important exporters of financial services. Why have so few jurisdictions of the Commonwealth Caribbean attracted foreign capital? We argue that tax havenry ultimately resulted from an island’s agricultural suitability. Whereas British settlers created plantation economies on islands with good soils, they created maritime economies on islands with bad soils. Plantation economies provided enough revenue potential for the imposition of income taxes by the colonial administration. In contrast, maritime economies focused on subsistence fishing and farming. Hence, colonial officials did not bother to introduce income taxes. At the same time, the horizontal mobilization of racialized laborers caused plantation economies to transition to responsible government earlier than maritime economies, which remained under the control of white oligarchies. When the decolonization of Africa created money panics among colonial elites, the maritime economies thus combined no income taxes with white supremacy, conveying political stability to asset holders fleeing newly independent states. As a result, the financial sectors of maritime economies grew faster than those of the plantation economies over the course of the 1960s. We combine event history and synthetic difference-in-difference analyses with comparative case studies to test our argument. Our results suggest that the effect of democracy on foreign investment depends on the prevalence among foreign investors of racist biases against those empowered.
Eye Tracking for Identification
Authors: Bufdinger Peter
Published: May 2024

This study explores how users can be differentiated by analyzing natural gaze behavior while freely looking at images. The approach is based on the observation that looking at different images induces unique emotional responses reflected in gaze behavior. By collecting gaze data, the authors demonstrate the potential of identifying different people using machine learning. This paves the way for authentication methods based on natural human gaze behavior.
Cities, Urbanization and Political Change
Authors: Dorward Nick , Fox Sean , Hoelscher Kristian
Published: May 2024

Cities, and the process of urbanization more broadly, play an integral role in narratives and theories of political change, from revolutions to democratization. Yet most accounts fail to make clear distinctions between the political implications of (i) population concentration (spatial context effects), (ii) socioeconomic change in cities (demographic composition effects), and (iii) increases in the size of urban populations (scale effects). These distinctions are significant in the post-WWII context, which has seen rapid “urbanization without growth” in many low- and middle-income countries. We argue that cities facilitate political activity through spatial effects, tend to have populations biased in favor of democracy due to compositional effects, and that these effects have scalar properties—i.e. they increase with city size. Analysis of World Values Survey data from over 179,000 individuals across 95 countries and cross-national regressions analyzing determinants of political change since 1960 in 161 countries are consistent with this theory.
Activation of the Motor System Following Gaze Cues is Determined by Hand Access, Not Hand Proximity
Authors: Wang Xiaoye Michael , Chan Cassie H.Y. , Karlinsky April , Constable Merryn Dale , Welsh Timothy N.
Published: May 2024

Previous research revealed that the influence of gaze cues on target prioritization and movement execution (indexed by reaction times (RTs) and movement trajectories, respectively) differ based on the potential ability of the gaze cue model to interact with the targets. Notably, whereas gaze cues consistently impacted RTs, movement trajectories may only be affected when the hands of the gaze cue model had the potential to interact with the target. However, the perceived ability to interact with the targets was confounded by the proximity between the model’s hands and the targets. The current study was designed to determine if the influence of gaze cues on movement trajectories is shaped by the model’s potential to access and interact with the targets, or by hand proximity. A centrally-presented model randomly gazed towards one of two peripheral target locations. Participants executed aiming movements to targets that non-predictively appeared at one location at a stimulus onset asynchrony of 100, 350, or 850 ms. The model’s hands were either oriented palms-upwards while holding a tray (hands could not directly access the targets; Experiment 1) or palms-downwards in a wrist-flexed posture (hands had direct access to the targets; Experiment 2). Although RTs showed a facilitation effect of the gaze cue in both experiments, changes in movement trajectories were only observed when the model had direct access to the target (Experiment 2). The results of the current study suggest that the gaze model’s direct hand access is necessary for the social gaze cues to influence movement execution.
Similar computational noise for perceptual decision making with confidence, expectation, and reward
Authors: Zheng Yunxuan , XUE KAI , Shekhar Medha , Rahnev Dobromir
Published: May 2024

Mounting evidence suggests that a critical source of corruption in perceptual decision making is computational noise. However, it remains unclear whether similar computational noise appears in different types of perceptual decisions. Here we examined whether metacognitive noise – a type of noise hypothesized to only affect type-2 confidence ratings – also appears in type-1 decisions biased by expectations or rewards. Subjects (N=271) performed a simple perceptual discrimination task and in different conditions provided confidence, or incorporated expectation or reward cues. Metacognitive noise manifests as a decrease in sensitivity (d') when computed based on confidence criteria compared to the decision criterion. We first replicated this drop in sensitivity with confidence ratings. Critically, we found equivalent drops in sensitivity for both expectation and reward cues, regardless of whether the cues were presented before or after the stimulus. A computational model with a single type of computational noise that underlies confidence, expectation, and reward reproduced these results. These findings suggest the existence of similar computational noise in perceptual decision making involving confidence, expectation, and reward, thus suggesting common computational principles across type-1 and type-2 decisions.
Tentatively tracing Trans‐New Guinea: A phylogenetic evaluation of potential deeper relationships.
Authors: Greenhill Simon J.
Published: May 2024

The Trans‐New Guinea language family is one of the world’s largest language families. Strikingly it is also oneof the world’s least studied. There is ongoing debate about which of many languages should be included in Trans‐New Guinea and how these relate to each other. Resolving this debate is hard due to the complexitiesof studying New Guinea languages, and a lack of adequate data suitable for detailed historical linguistic work. These difficulties have led to suggestions that the only way forward is to wait for low‐level descriptive 15 field‐work and detailed bottom‐up historical linguistic reconstructions. However, the wait has been long, and while some promising inroads have been made, there is still a long path to travel before we can trackthe relationships between these languages. In this chapter I propose a potential way forward that aimsto tackle the mid‐ground between detailed low‐level work within subsets of languages, and high level top‐ down reconstructions, while avoiding the ongoing debates about the adequacy of the proto‐forms. I take 20 a fully automated computational approach to identify cognates, construct family trees, and quantify the evidence for potential higher‐level subgroupings. The results reveal some potential deeper groupings that I hope can be treated as a set of future hypotheses to be evaluated using the traditional comparative method. Overall, the combination of traditional linguistic scholarship and cutting‐edge phylogenetic methods is the best way towards a better understanding of the great linguistic puzzle that is New Guinea.
Who are the people? Using fandom research to study populist supporters.
Authors: Juarez Miro Clara
Published: May 2024

This article suggests considering a social facet of populism, focusing on the supporters, to understand how they use media to engage with the populist message and their understanding of it. The article proposes that a fan studies approach can be useful to examine how populist supporters’ identification with the imagined community of pure people can help them address specific social-psychological needs. A study applying this approach to the Spanish populist far-right provides evidence that a fan studies framework can help understand populist supporters’ community-building processes and benefits. Then, the article explains the implications for research on populism using this approach, offering a guide for future research. This work is relevant to multiple areas including political communication and cultural studies.
Transnational mini-public report
Authors: Maurice Eric , Schmucker Rabea , Gorgoni Matteo
Published: May 2024

This report provides an overview of the transnational citizens’ jury, which was held in the context of the Horizon Europe research project REGROUP. The report discusses (1) organisational matters, (2) provides a summary of the discussion contents, (3) presents the jurors’ policy recommendations, (4) analyses the attitudinal participant surveys and includes (5) citizens’ feedback and a (6) self-evaluation. For more information about the method used and on the domestic citizens’ jury reports, we recommend the readers to have a look at the other publications from REGROUP’s Work Package 4 (regroup-horizon.eu/publications/).
Does polarization increase participation? A systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kolczynska Marta
Published: May 2024

Political polarization is thought to have broadly negative effects on societies. The possibility that polarization mobilizes and motivates people to participate more in politics is one potentially positive consequence of polarization’s recent increase in many European countries. This paper presents results of a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of 25 articles published since 1990 that study the effects of polarization on participation empirically. A review of these articles enables a categorization of the research depending on the type of polarization (affective or ideological), its level (individual or system), and type of participation (electoral or non-electoral), and an analysis of theoretical arguments proposed by authors of studies in each category, as well as the data and methods used. A meta-analysis of 103 coefficients capturing the focal association, converted into standardized effect sizes, suggests a positive effect of polarization on participation even after accounting for the substantial publication bias; however, this effect is likely very small. We conclude with a discussion of the challenges researchers of polarization and participation face, and opportunities for further research on this topic.
“A variety of green spaces available to all”: knowledge of patient and community needs in natural spaces as understood by allied health professionals
Authors: Stanhope Jessica , Foley Kristen , Butler Mary , Boddy Jennifer , Clanchy Kelly , George Emma , Roberts Rachel , Rothmore A/Prof Paul , Salter Amy , Serocki Patricia , Thirumanickam Abi , Weinstein Phillip
Published: May 2024

Exposure to natural environments is important for human health. We conducted the first study of allied health professionals’ thoughts about the features that should be incorporated into natural environments to benefit their patients/ clients and the broader community. Allied health professionals reported a variety of features, including specific natural features; being pleasing to the senses, privacy and having a relaxing feel; features that facilitate engagement in activities; as well as being accessible and safe. Universal and co-design is important for developing accessible and inclusive natural spaces to promote health.
Social Media Affordances Sustain Social Movements Facing Repression: Evidence from Climate Activism
Authors: Savolainen Sonja , Saarinen Ville P. , Chen Ted Hsuan Yun
Published: May 2024

Prior studies have demonstrated social media's role in post-repression backlash mobilization but have yet to consider how they can sustain movements through long term repression. We explore this possibility by studying how Finnish climate activists responded to government repression in their social media behavior. We first conducted in-depth interviews to see how activists understand the interplay between activism, repression, and social media affordances. Findings from our interviews suggest that activists continue their movement participation despite repression because the risk of social media amplifying individual chilling into movement-wide cascading demobilization outweighs risks from repression. We looked for evidence of this mechanism in the networked communication of Finnish climate activists on Twitter using time series and temporal network analyses. Our findings show that activists' Twitter participation remained remarkably consistent despite offline repression, and that their communication patterns exhibited centralization tendencies that likely sustain the movement.
Editorial Vol.14(1)
Authors: Jha Ashok Kumar
Published: May 2024

With great satisfaction, the Research Management Cell (RMC) of Mahendra Multiple Campus, Dharan, announces the successful publication of the annual multi-disciplinary peer-reviewed research journal named Dristikon, as vol. 14(1) includes the editorial peer-review process that almost all scholarly and research articles published in the journal go through before being published to meet the requirements of the peer-review process that UGC, Nepal, and international standards guide. The purpose of the peer review procedure is to guarantee that the legitimate article gets approved, the disorganized piece gets fixed up, and the invalid article gets turned down. The editorial board has approved the suggestions of the reviewer. A thorough double-blinded peer review process is applied to every paper submitted for publication to guarantee its quality before it is published.
            A research article’s main goal is to present new information backed by evidence, and all the authors’ statements should be carefully examined before publication. In other ways, ChatGPT has shown to be more beneficial. Its ability to generate more sophisticated sentences is greater than unedited ones. It can produce a revised paragraph in a matter of seconds, and it's now free for everyone to use.
            The accepted papers, which covered the particular subjects of Nepali, English, Sanskrit, Economics, Education, Science, and Management, were added to the issue after the necessary changes and adjustments from the review process.
            The journal carefully adheres to the requirements of the APA 7th edition and vehemently rejects any information that has been copied without proper citation, as determined by the iThenticate plagiarism detection program.
            The writer's thoughts are their own, and neither the editorial board nor the publisher endorses anything that is written in the articles. After they are published, all manuscripts belong to the publishing company. As the Dristikon continues to grow and thrive, we hope that readers' inspiration and support will do the same. Your feedback and recommendations for future developments are also welcome and will be considered.
The articles in this publication were submitted by authors in both Roman and Devanagari alphabetical order and were received from both campus and other colleges and institutions. To improve the journal's qualitative content, intellectuals, readers, and observers are invited to submit articles and comments.
            We appreciate the insightful feedback and recommendations from the peer reviewers. The editorial board would like to express its sincere gratitude to everyone who has contributed to the research publications. Additionally, we would like to express our gratitude to Assoc. Prof. Chandra Kumar Rai, Campus Chief for his unwavering assistance with finances and administration of the production of this journal.
नेपाली कथाका नवचेतनावादी धारका प्रमुख आन्दोलनहरू
Authors: अधिकारी थापा Adhikari Thapa सीता Sita
Published: May 2024

प्रस्तुत लेख नेपाली कथाको एउटा निश्चित कालखण्डमा देखिएका साहित्यिक आन्दोलनका बारेमा केन्द्रित रहेको छ । नेपाली आख्यान साहित्यको अत्यन्त लोकप्रिय र समृद्ध विधा कथालाई वर्तमान अवस्थासम्म ल्याइपुर्याउन साहित्यिक अभियान तथा आन्दोलनहरूको योगदान अविस्मरणीय रहेको छ । नेपाली साहित्यका क्षेत्रमा विभिन्न कालखण्डमा सचेत ढङ्गले विविध किसिमका भाषिक, सांस्कृतिक र साहित्यिक अभियानहरू चलेका देखिन्छन् । लेखक साहित्यकारले भाषासाहित्यमा नयाँ चिन्तन, समयसापेक्ष प्रयोगसँगै अवधारणाहरू प्रस्तुत गरी घोषित रूपमा नै आन्दोलनको परम्परा विकसितभएको पाइन्छ । विभिन्न समयमा देखिएका यस्ता महत्त्वपूर्ण अभियान तथा आन्दोलनहरूले समग्र साहित्यका साथै कथा विधालाई नयाँ चेतनाका साथ गतिशीलता प्रदान गरेको पाइन्छ तर ती सबैका बारेमा गहन खोजअध्ययन हुन आवश्यक रहेको देखिन्छ । नेपाली कथाको माध्यमिक काल र आधुनिक कालको पूवाद्र्ध सम्म देशमा राणातन्त्रको चरम निरङ्कुशता रहेको बखत साहित्यकारहरूले विभिन्न विधाका लेखनीमार्फत शोषण–उत्पीडनका विरोधमा क्रान्तिका स्वर उरालेको पाइन्छ । निर्दलीय पञ्चायती व्यवस्थाको दमनका विरोधमा साहित्यिक आन्दोलनको भिन्न स्वरूपमा निरन्तरता रहेको देखिन्छ । कतिपय अभियानले नेपाली साहित्यका क्षेत्रमा नयाँ तरङ्गहरू ल्याएर विभिन्न प्रभाव पनि छाडेका छन् । यस लेखमा यी सबै आन्दोलनका बारेमा अध्ययन गर्ने नभई केवल आधुनिक कथाका क्षेत्रमा २०२० देखि नवचेतनावादी धारामा देखिएका तेस्रो आयाम, राल्फा आन्दोलन, अस्वीकृत जमात र लीलालेखनका बारेमा अध्ययन गरिएको छ । यसकालागि पुस्तकालीय स्रोतबाट अध्ययन सामग्री सङ्कलन गरी तिनको व्याख्या–विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । कथाको आरम्भदेखि हालसम्म साहित्यिक आन्दोलनहरूले पु¥याएका योगदानका बारेमा समय सान्दर्भिक नवीन खोजअनुसन्धान तथा पुनर्मूल्याङ्कन गरिनुपर्ने आवश्यकता रहेको देखिन्छ । आधुनिक नेपाली कथासाहित्यमा विभिन्न प्रयोगका माध्यमबाट नवीन मोड ल्याउन, सामाजिक–सांस्कृतिक परिवर्तन एवम् वैचारिक स्पष्टता दिन, बहुलवादी तथा वैश्विक चेतनाको प्रयोग र कथाका शिल्प शैलीगत मान्यतामा परिवर्तन ल्याउनका लागि यस्ता अभियान एवम् आन्दोलनहरू महत्त्वपूर्ण रहेको निष्कर्ष पाइन्छ ।
कुन्ता शर्माका कवितामा पितृसत्तात्मक शासनका विरुद्ध नारी विद्रोह
Authors: न्यौपाने Neupane सुभाषचन्द्र Subhash Chandra
Published: May 2024

प्रस्तुत लेखमा कवि कुन्ता शर्माका फुटकर कविताहरूमा नारीवादी चिन्तनमा आधारित भएर अभिव्यक्त गरिएका पितृसत्तात्मक शासन व्यवस्थाका विरुद्धका चिन्तनका बारेमा विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । नारीवादी चिन्तन राजनीतिबाट साहित्यमा आएको लिङ्ग केन्द्रित अवधारणा हो । पितृसत्तात्मक शासन व्यवस्थाले नारीलाई हेर्ने दृष्टिकोण र नारीहरूले पितृसत्तात्मक व्यवस्थाका विरुद्ध उठाएका आवाजलाई यस वादले जोड दिएको पाइन्छ । कवि कुन्ता शर्माको म उभिएको ठाउँ (२०५२) कविता सङ्ग्रहभित्र समाविष्ट कविताहरूमा पितृसत्तात्मक शासन विरोधी नारीवादी विद्रोही चेतना केकस्तो रूपमा प्रस्तुत भएको छ भन्ने प्राज्ञिक प्रश्नको उत्तरको खोज गर्नु यस लेखको उद्देश्य रहेको छ । शर्माले नारीवादी चिन्तनका विविध आयाम भएका कविताहरूको रचना गरेकी छन् । उनको म उभिएको ठाउँ कविता सङ्ग्रहभित्र समाविष्ट विभिन्न कविताहरूमा पितृसत्तात्मक शासन व्यवस्था विरोधी सघन आवाजहरू प्रस्तुत भएका छन् । प्रस्तुत कविता सङ्ग्रहमा समाविष्ट नारीवादी चिन्तनमा आधारित कविताहरूको नारीवादी विश्लेषणका क्रममा पुस्तकालयीय अध्ययनबाट सामग्रीहरू सङ्कलन गरी नारीवादी चिन्तनका पितृसत्तात्मक शासन व्यवस्था विरुद्धका आवाज, नारीप्रतिको सामाजिक दृष्टिकोण, नारीमाथि हुने शोषण, नारीमुक्तिको चेतना, विद्रोहको अभिव्यक्तिका सैद्धान्तिक पृष्ठभूमिमा आधारित भएर सङ्कलन गरिएका गुणात्मक तथ्यहरूलाई आधार मानेर नारीवादी चिन्तनको सैद्धान्तिक मान्यताका आधारमा विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन गरी निष्कर्ष प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । पाश्चात्य नारीवादी चिन्तनकै दार्शनिक मान्यताबाट अनुप्राणित भएर लेखिएका शर्माका फुटकर कविताहरूमा पितृसत्तात्मक नारी विद्रोहको कुशल प्रयोग गरिएको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।