bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic Modernization of Turkey: General and Specific Features
Authors: Ul'chenko N.
Published: April 2021

The article examines the path of Turkey’s economic development since the Ottoman period up to the present day. The author offers not to follow the common approach to the periodization of the process of economic modernization in Turkey based on the changing importance of state enterprise (public sector). The matter is that such an approach fails to explain enough convincingly the fact of persistent Turkey’s economic lag from South Korea. The latter has started the catch-up development much later but today stays higher in all international economic ratings than Turkey. As an alternative the author identifies main periods in Turkey’s history in accordance with specific features of their fiscal and monetary policies. Within this approach, the breaking point in the process of Turkish economic modernization is seen in the middle of XX century. After 1950, the country entered a period of chronic budget deficits. Due to subordinate status of the Central Bank the money supply and inflation was considerably increased. The main reason for the turnabout in the financial policy was the change in the country’s political system, i.e. Turkey’s transition to the regime of multi-party democracy, tough inter-party competition and, as a result, commitment of the authorities to populist policies. Excessive budget expenditures were used by different governments for their own specific aims. However, a high level of domestic consumption became a general feature of the budgetary policy of Turkey. It was closely related to the rather high capacity of the domestic market and the growth of foreign debt. The overheated domestic market caused a certain inconsistency in the implementation of the export-oriented model and delayed exports’ diversification. This model did not change critically in the 2000s. Even though the country showed progress in terms of financial stabilization, serious problems still persist. While budgetary deficit has been basically solved Turkey still faces growing current account deficit and indebtedness of the private sector, the decline in savings’ rate and the burst of consumer credits. The country’s inability to develop on its own financial basis proves to be its most fundamental weakness. This openly showed up in 2013 because of the reorientation of international financial flows from emerging markets to developed countries.
Public Broadcasting Service: Great Britain & Russia
Authors: Cherkasova V.
Published: April 2021

The author examines the essence and distinguishes the features of public broadcasting service, conducts critical analysis of establishment and development of this institution in Great Britain (using the example of The British Broadcasting Service), estimates its development level in Russiа. The comparative analysis allows to state that in Great Britain this institution has arisen and is fully functioning, while in Russia it is premature to assess the attempt of its creation as successful.
Diplomatic Culture in the Canada-U.S. Model of Asymmetrical Relationship
Authors: Komkova E.
Published: April 2021

The management of the Canada–U.S. asymmetry might be defined as rather successful example. After the World War II Canadian and American officials have developed a set of specific bargaining norms, which can be referred to as the “rules of the game”, and “diplomatic culture”. Their existence leads to predictability of relationships, to empathy, and to expectations of “responsible” behavior. The study of the Canada–U.S. model of civilized asymmetrical relationship lays grounds for further investigation on how it can be applied to the foreign policy strategy of the Russian Federation in its relations with asymmetrical partners from the “near neighbourhood”.
The Gender Factor in the Political Life of Modern India
Authors: Nikiforova E.
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the gender issues in contemporary political life of India. Mass protests caused by rape incidents draw political attention to the problem of low women status in India. To provide a broad political participation of women the methods of “positive discrimination” are used. Each party has its own position concerning reservation initiative in order to guard interests of their own voters. There are also some difficulties within the Women’s right movement. Caste or religious minority groups claim amendments to legislation in their favor.
Moral and Ethical Capital: The Problems of Evaluation
Authors: Nifaeva O.
Published: April 2021

The nature of economic relations directly depends on moral and ethical features of the economic agents. At this moment Russia has got a unique opportunity to build a civilized model of economy by adjusting the moral and ethical features of the economic agents. The author presents a three-level structure of the moral and ethical features of individuals. Each level (material, intellectual and social) is determined by the features such as diligence, frugality, intelligence, initiativeness, honesty, trust, responsibility, humanness, patriotism. The peculiarity of the civilized model of economy is a commitment to balance the different social groups’ interests. The different moral and ethical features form human and social capital of the individual or the society as a whole. In particular the elements of the material level in the structure of the moral and ethical features of the economic agents form labor capital (as a desire and ability to work) and health capital (health and health preserving behaviour). Intellectual level of moral and ethical features (intelligence, initiativeness, creativity) generate intellectual capital. Social capital is based on social features: honesty, trust, responsibility, humanness, patriotism. Labor, health and intellectual capital are considered to be the elements of human capital. Human and social types of capital constitute moral and ethical capital of the economic agents as the key resource of civilized economy. This type of capital can be defined as unlimited, synergetic and able to influence on other economic resources efficiency. On the basis of analysis of economic efficiency indicators evolution the article suggests the methodology of moral and ethical capital evaluating by summarizing absolute economic losses of its misuse. Consideration of types of capital classification and of the structure of moral and ethical capital enables author to suggest recommendations on how to increase the definite elements of moral and ethical capital of the Russian society by means of government social, economic and institutional policy.
A New Concept of the Public-Private Partnerships in the UK
Authors: Varnavskii V.
Published: April 2021

A new Public-Private Partnerships concept Private Finance 2 (PF2) adopted by UK government instead of the Private Finance Initiative (PFI) is analyzing. PF2 follows the Open Public Services Program according to recent changes in the economic policy. A description and evaluation of PFI concept are given. The reasons for termination of PFI are also revealed. Special attention is paid to the new problems of the Concept, as an access to lax credit, concerning the public sector as an equal co-investor, and risks reduction. The increased importance of institutional investors such as banks, funds, insurance companies, international export-import agencies is shown.The paper is partly devoted to the issues of PFI/PF2 administration in UK. The role of governing authorities in Public-Private Partnerships implementation and their standing in the government structure are disclosed and analyzed as well as their functions and outcomes of their activities. PF2 reaffirms UK government’s commitment to Public-Private Partnerships. It remains to be a predominant form of drawing private investments into infrastructure development. The British government hopes that PF2 will increase private sector interest to finance public investment projects such as schools, roads, hospitals, waste utilization and other large-scale infrastructure.
Anatomy of the Egyptian Counterrevolution
Authors: Korotaev A. , Isaev L.
Published: April 2021

The authors analyze roots, causes and implications of both major political events that took place in Egypt in the last three years, namely the Tahrir Revolution of 2011 and what they call the Counterrevolution of 2013. Focus of the article is on the role of the military and the Islamists. The young educated democrats of middle class who initiated the revolution in 2011 under the slogans of combatting autocratic and corrupt government were joined by the poverty-stricken population of Cairo, by the desolate and unemployed and – what was especially important – by the Muslim Brotherhood. This combination of forces proved too strong for the army and government, Mubarak had to resign. But the urban poor who played a decisive role in the victory of the revolution had always been under a very strong influence of the Muslim Brotherhood, so it was inevitable that free and fair elections would bring the Islamists to power. Moursi became President. The Islamists, however, made a number of grave mistakes while in power, and the old elites, both economic and military/bureaucratic, did their best to sabotage the government policy. At last the army (supported by the Egyptian economic elites) came on top, so both the Muslim Brothers and the young secular democrats have lost.
Developing Beef Cattle in Banyumas Regency: Potentials and Strategies
Authors: Noor Hidayat Nunung , Muatip Krismiwati , Widiyanti Rahayu
Published: April 2021

Optimum development of beef cattle is feasible in the potential area with effective strategies. This research was conducted in Banyumas regency. The purpose of this study was to describe the potential of Banyumas Regency in developing beef cattle farming as the basis for its development strategy. A survey method was conducted to obtain the secondary data supported by primary data subjected to simple descriptive statistical analysis consisting of mean values, distribution frequency, cross-tabulation and trend analysis. Ruminant potentials were investigated using LQ analysis, and developmental strategies were formulated using a SWOT analysis. The result showed a fluctuated but positive improvement trend of beef cattle population in Banyumas. Sub-districts potentially developed for beef cattle centres (LQ>1) included Kembaran, Sokaraja, Kalibagor, Kedungbanteng, Karanglewas, Sumbang and Baturraden. A quantitative SWOT matrix analysis showed that the internal factor was 0.0298 (X-axis), and the external factor was – 0.2941 (Y-axis). Conclusively, The key strategy to develop beef cattle in Banyumas was a differential strategy.
Response of Egg Number to Selection of Different Genotypes of 24-bp Insertion-Deletion Locus in the Promoter of Prolactin Gene of Papua Local Chickens
Authors: Mu'in Muhammad Affan , Lumatauw Sintje
Published: April 2021

This study aims to estimate the response of the number of eggs produced up to 240 days of age (EN240) to the selection of Papua local chickens (PLC) with different genotypes from the 24-bp Indel cPRLp locus. A total of 68 PLCs were taken randomly from several breeders in Manokwari as the basic population for selection (G0). Genotype identification of the 24-bp Indel cPRLp locus was performed G0. Based on the distribution of these genotypes, mating pairs were randomly formed G0-II, G0-DD and G0-ID to produce G1-II, G1-DD, and G1-Control (G0-ID offspring). Heritability of EN240 in G1-II and G1-DD populations were estimated in full-sib (single pairs mating). Individual selection based on breeding value EN240 was carried out on G1-II (♀) and G1-DD (♀) to form the selection generation (GS): GS-II (♀) and GS-DD (♀). Selection was also carried out on G1-II (♂) and G1-DD (♂) based on body weight at 240 days (BW240) to become selected GS-II (♀) and GS-DD (♀) mating partners. GS-Control was also formed through 25% random sampling from G1-Control (♂ and ♀). GS mating resulted in the second generation (G2): G2-II, G2-DD, and G2-Control. Age at first laying (AFL), EN240, and mean egg weight (EWA) in hens of G1, GS, and G2 were recorded. Response to selection for EN240 was calculated by two methods predicted selection response (Rp) and actual selection response (Rr). Both methods of calculation yield positive and high values. In actual response (Rr), PLC in II genotypes group are more responsive to the selection treatment than DD genotype group. Selection increase EN240 impact accelerate of AFL and lower the EWA, because of their negative genetic correlation.
The Prolific Variation, Body Morphometrics, and Breeding Value of Indonesian Local Etawah Goat Based in East Java
Authors: Mudawamah Mudawamah , Ciptadi Gatot , Retnaningtyas Irawati Dinasari
Published: April 2021

A crucial trait of a high economic value of goats is calving to more than one kid (prolificacy potency). The high prolificacy potency (> 1 kid) has a higher income compared to single kids. This study described the potential of Indonesian Local Etawah Goat (ILEG) for prolific trait and the morphometric of body and breeding values in various environments as a basis for selection.  It involved smallholder farmers who breed ILEG does from 14 villages in East Java. The research was conducted on a field survey to obtain primary data about the phenotypic superior ILEG goats based on the status of the prolific trait. The study used 520 does with 1347 prolific records obtained. The results showed that the prolificacy values ranged from 2.12-1.42 heads/calving (medium to high category). The variation of prolificacy was 0.53, and the breeding values of the prolificacy trait were 1.48-1.74. The average of body morphometrics was varied with the following details.  Chest circumference was 81.06 + 4.63 cm, body length was 76.64 + 4.33 cm, shoulder height was 75.34 + 5.83 cm and ear length were 27.44 + 3.02 cm.  This study concluded that the prolific rate was medium to high category.  The prolific variation was higher than body morphometry variation, and the prolificacy EBVs of breeding villages divided into four unique pattern boxplots. The prolific trait could be the basis for new considerations in the ILEG breeding program, either through selection or mating.
Polymorphism and Expression of HSD17β13 Gene and Its Association with Lamb Quality of Indonesian Sheep
Authors: Harahap Ratna Sholatia , Noor Ronny Rachman , Gunawan Asep
Published: April 2021

HSD17β13 (17beta 13-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases) are important enzymes in steroid metabolism. This study investigated the polymorphisms and expression of the HSD17β13 gene in lamb quality traits in Indonesian sheep. A total of 200 of rams of seven breeds administered in the study were Javanese fat-tailed (JFT), Javanese thin-tailed (JTT), Garut sheep (GS), Jonggol sheep (JS), Garut composite sheep (GCS), Compass agrinac sheep (CAS), Barbados cross sheep (BCS) aged 10-12 months and weighed 20-30 kg. The Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and MspI enzyme restriction were performed to identify the polymorphism of the HSD17β13 gene. The lamb quality traits were measured for physical quality, flavor, odor, and fatty acid composition. The results showed that the HSD17β13 gene was polymorphic and had three genotypes i.e., CC, CT, and TT. The highest genotype frequency was the CC when compared to the other genotypes. The allele frequency of HSD17β13 gene was not in Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium. The polymorphism of HSD17β13 gene was significantly (P<0.05) associated with the fatty acid composition and Saturated Fatty Acid (SFA),  i.e., tridecanoic acid (C13:0), arachidic acid (C20:0), henecosanoic acid (C21:0), and tricosanoic acid (C23:0). The polymorphism was also significantly associated with the Monounsaturated Fatty Acid (MUFA) i.e. ginkgoleic acid (C17:1) and nervonoic acid (C24:1), and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) i.e. eicosedienoic acid (C20:2). The level of expression of the HSD17β13 gene based on quantitative real time-PCR analysis results was not significantly different (P>0.05) among genotypes for lamb quality traits. It can be concluded that the polymorphism of HSD17β13 gene was associated with the fatty acid composition of lamb in Indonesian sheep.
The Influence of Peppermint Aromatherapy on Reducing Uremic Pruritus in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Sembiring Friska , Nasution Siti Saidah , Ariani Yesi
Published: April 2021

Uremic pruritus is one of the chronic renal failure patients’ complaints, which is an uncomfortable and itchy sensation with multifactorial causes. Peppermint complementary therapy is an essential oil with the main component of menthol (50-60%), which provides a cold sensation to the skin. The instrument used in this quasi-experimental study was demographic data and the 5-D itch scale questionnaire. The total sample was 98 participants. The intervention was carried out by administering topical peppermint essential oil. The results showed that the uremic pruritus scale decreased to a mild degree of 51.0%. After being tested by Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney statistical tests, the intervention group had a p-value of 0.000 <p = 0.05 and in the control group there was a p-value of 0.102 so there was an effect of giving peppermint aromatherapy in reducing uremic pruritus. Peppermint aromatherapy is safe to use and is easy to obtain so, therefore, it can be applied topically to improve coping strategies for patients who experience uremic pruritus.
Telemedicine for the Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes: A Literature Review
Authors: Masepia Bunjamin Dante , Isworo Atyanti
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic is an obstacle that prevents type 2 diabetes sufferers from visiting primary health services. Telemedicine is a virtual health service which helps caregivers and clients to meet virtually. Telemedicine is capable of helping sufferers in the form of self-management. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of telemedicine for the self-management of type 2 diabetes patient. This study uses a literature review design. Primary studies to be included in this review were searched from Pubmed electronic database. The inclusion criteria of studies were: published in the last 5 years in English-language journals, used randomized control trial design, had population aged > 18 years with type-2 diabetes, and used telemedicine. The exclusion criterion was comparing two or more telemedicine applications. A total of 11 studies was included in the review. Seven out of eleven studies showed a significant reduction in HbA1c in the intervention group compared to the control group. Another result is a change in diet by consuming more fruits and whole grains and an increase in knowledge, skills and ability to control blood sugar. This review concluded that telemedicine is effective in the self-management of type 2 diabetes patient. Health care professionals can use telemedicine as an alternative to improve self-management of type 2 diabetes patient.
INDOOR LOCALIZATION USING ACCELEROMETER AND GYROSCOPE SMARTPHONE BASED
Authors: Sari Anggreini Intan Permata , Rakhman Arkham Zahri
Published: April 2021

Indoor localization is one of the more accurate technologies to be used to determine indoors or buildings. Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR) is a method of determining the user's position by adding a method that occurs to a known initial position. The displacement that occurs is estimated with the help of an accelerometer sensor attached to the user as a step detector and to determine the direction towards the user using a gyroscope sensor. System testing is carried out in the Institut Teknologi Sumatera’s campus environment on the 2nd floor of Building C and D. The results from the detection of steps get an error rate of 1.13% using a threshold of 0.8.
Brief Report, Rationality and Irrationality in the Use of Antibiotics in the Epiclatino Latin American Neonatal Units
Authors: Hoyos Angela
Published: April 2021

Background: Recent years have seen chaos in the neonatology use of antibiotics with diverse opinions and recommendations in international guidelines and societies. This has created great uncertainty in which cases to use, for how long, and which tests apply to make these decisions. We conducted a retrospective cohort study about the use of antibiotics in the EpicLatino neonatal units and a Latin American network database, after noting these variations in the 2019 report. Methods: For the year 2019 using the EpicLatino database, we included cases (only first admission) ≤32 weeks gestational age at birth, excluding one unit that did not accept to participate. The number of cases and days receiving antibiotics were recorded as well as the progression for each unit. Inappropriate use of antibiotics was defined as greater than 3 days in patients with negative cultures (blood/CSF cultures) excluding: major malformations, urinary tract infections, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and cases with suspected chorioamnionitis in the mother (the latter two only during the course of diagnosis of NEC or chorioamnionitis). This study was approved by the EpicLatino board of directors and by the participating units. Results: A total of 6,543 days of antibiotics were observed, 49.5% of cases had at least one positive blood/CSF culture. A total of595 days of antibiotics without justification were found in 72 courses in 61 cases; 14/72(19.4%) had no diagnosis of infection in the database, 7/72(9.7%) did not document any culture throughout their stay, and 37/72(51,4%) obtained only one blood/CSF culture during their entire stay. Most diagnosis were clinical sepsis and in 24/58(41%) curses, a diagnosis of pneumonia with a poor positive culture correlation was found. Furthermore, 74% of the units didn´t use pneumonia as a justification to use antibiotics. Other diagnosis found: Conjunctivitis, NEC 1A and rotavirus NEC. Conclusions: Although the method of reviewing the use of antibiotics in a database has a number of limitations, especially the cause that motivated the use of antibiotics and other tools used for diagnosis of infections, the notable differences between units is striking. Although it is difficult to make recommendations to all units, it is important to control infections in some units and in others to reduce the excessive use of antibiotics, especially with diagnosis of pneumonia in neonates and negative blood/CSF cultures.
SARS-CoV-2 Portrayed Against HIV: Contrary Viral Strategies in Similar Disguise
Authors: Duerr Ralf , Crosse Keaton M. , Valero Jimenez Ana Mayela , Dittmann Meike
Published: April 2021

SARS-CoV-2 and HIV are zoonotic viruses that rapidly reached pandemic scale causing global losses and fear. The COVID-19 and AIDS pandemics ignited massive efforts worldwide to develop antiviral strategies and characterize viral architectures, biological and immunological properties, and clinical outcomes. Although both viruses have a comparable appearance as enveloped viruses with positive-stranded RNA and envelope spikes mediating cellular entry, the entry process, downstream biological and immunological pathways, clinical outcomes, and disease courses are strikingly different. This review provides a systemic comparison of both viruses’ structural and functional characteristics delineating their distinct strategies for efficient spread.
Socio-Economic Factors of Rural Entrepreneurs that Influence Agricultural Development in Antioquia
Authors: Arias Francisco , Ribes-Giner Gabriela , Arango Diana , Garcés Luis Fernando
Published: April 2021

Entrepreneurship can help revitalize rural territories and agricultural development; consequently, it is important to know aspects that allow a better understanding of the subjects that undertake in the countryside, in this case, sociodemographic aspects, related to students and graduates of five Faculties of Agricultural Sciences in the Department of Antioquia in Colombia. For this purpose, a previously validated questionnaire was used, collecting 427 complete responses. Chi-square sta-tistical tests were performed to determine the degree of association of entrepreneurial activity with measured sociodemographic variables such as gender, age, marital status, schooling, family environment, and dependents. Once the existence of associations between the variables was ver-ified, a multiple correspondence analysis was performed to identify patterns and trends. A greater favorability for entrepreneurship was found in those subjects belonging to the upper strata of the population, mostly men, with postgraduate studies, from wealthy families, while the poorest and women are mainly oriented towards job search.
KOMPETENSI MAHASISWA FT-UNJ UNTUK MELAKSANAKAN PEMBELAJARAN DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN
Authors: Suyitno Muslim
Published: April 2021

The objective of the research is to find the correlation between students’ self concept, interest to be

teachers, achievement of FT-UNJ students toward the instructional competence in vocational schools. The research was conducted in the Technical Faculty of the State University of Jakarta

and the Vocational Schools by the survey method with sixty respondents which selected by simple

random sampling. The data are analyzed by regression and correlation procedures. The results of the  research conclude:  there  was positive and  significant  correlation between  students’ self

concept,  interest  to  be  teachers,  and  achievement  of  FT-UNJ  students  with  instructional

competence in vocational schools in a partial and together correlation. Achievement instructional competence in vocational schools can be increased by improving the quality of students’ self concept, interest to be teachers, and achievement of FT-UNJ students.

Abstrak

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui keeratan hubungan antara konsep diri, minat menjadi guru,

dan prestasi belajar mahasiswa FT-UNJ untuk melaksanakan pembelajaran di sekolah menengah kejuruan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Negeri Jakarta dan di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan se DKI Jakarta dengan metode survei pada sampel sebanyak 60 orang yang dipilih secara acak sederhana. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan korelasi produk momen dan regresi. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan positif dan signifikan antara konsep diri,    minat menjadi guru, dan prestasi belajar dengan kompetensi mahasiswa FT-UNJ untuk melaksanakan pembelajaran di sekolah menengah kejuruan, baik secara sendiri-sendri maupun bersama-sama. Kompetensi mahasiswa FT-UNJ untuk melaksanakan pembelajaran di sekolah menengah kejuruan dapat ditingkatkan dengan meningkatkan konsep diri, minat menjadi guru, dan prestasi belajar.
Aging of Cross-Linked Polyethylene Insulation Cable Lines
Authors: Oleksyuk I. V.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Preference is given to cable lines with  cross-linked polyethylene insulation in electrical networks with a nominal voltage of 10 kV during reconstruction of existing and construction of new industrial enterprises. The standard service life of such cables is at least 30 years (subject to the conditions of storage, transportation, installation and operation), and the actual one   is determined by the technical condition of the cable. The service life of a cable line depends on the state of its insulation, the aging of which occurs under the influence of several factors. Conventionally, all factors influencing one or another degree on the cable insulation resource can be divided into thermal, electromagnetic, climatic, mechanical and operational. The most significant reason for the insulation aging  is high temperature, which accelerates the reaction of thermo-oxidative destruction, during which high-molecular polymer compounds decompose. In fact, cables are operated at temperatures below the long-term permissible values, and, therefore, the aging of the insulation is slower, and the actual service life will be longer than the standard. At present, condition of the insulation is monitored with the use of high voltage tests related to destructive testing methods. When designing and operating cable lines, it is necessary to estimate the duration of the actual service life under various operating conditions. In theory, there are several expressions for calculating the service life of a cable line when exposed to temperature, humidity, electric field and aggressive environments, but all of them are not applicable in practice due to the presence of a large number of coefficients whose values are unknown. The paper presents an analytical expression obtained for determining the service life of power electric cables, taking into account the aging of the insulation under the influence of temperature and electric field.
Thermodynamic Analysis and Optimization of Secondary Overheating Parameters in Turbo-Expander Plants on Low Boiling Working Fluids
Authors: Ovsyannik A. V. , Kliuchinski V. P.
Published: April 2021

The paper presents a thermodynamic analysis of secondary overheating in turbo-expander plants on low-boiling working fluids. The possibility of optimizing the parameters of the working fluid in a secondary stem superheater has been studied. The research was carried out for two typical turbo-expander cycles: with a heat exchanger at the outlet of the turbo-expander, intended for cooling an overheated low-boiling working fluid, and without a heat exchanger. Cycles inT–scoordinates were constructed for the studied schemes. The influence of pressure and temperature in the intermediate superheater on the exergetic efficiency of the turbo-expander unit was studied. Thus, the dependences of the exergetic efficiency and losses on the elements of the turbo-expander cycle are obtained when the temperature of the working fluid changes and pressure of the working fluid not changes in the intermediate superheater, and when the pressure changes and the temperature does not change. As a low-boiling working fluid, the ozone-safe freon R236EA is considered, which has a “dry” saturation line characteristic, zero ozone layer destruction potential, and a global warming potential equal to 1370. It has been determined that increasing the parameters of the low-boiling working fluid in front of the low-pressure turbo expander (regardless of the scheme of the turbo expander cycle) does not always cause an increase in the exergetic efficiency. Thus, overheating of the working fluid at a pressure exceeding the critical pressure causes a positive exergetic effect, but for each temperature there is an optimal pressure at which the efficiency will be maximum. At a pressure below the critical pressure, overheating leads to a decrease in the exergetic efficiency, and the maximum exergetic effect is achieved in the absence of a secondary steam superheater. All other things being equal, a turbo-expander cycle with a heat exchanger is more efficient than without it over the entire temperature range and pressure of the low-boiling working fluid under study.
Comparative Analysis of Vibrations of Ring-Shaped Ultrasonic Concentrators
Authors: Lugovoi V. P. , Lugovoi V. V.
Published: April 2021

The paper provides a comparative analysis of the influence of ring concentrator shape in ultrasonic systems on their amplitude-frequency characteristics. Devices are known in which elastic elements are used either as resonators or as working tools of ultrasonic technological systems. However, the use of elastic elements as concentrators of ultrasonic vibrations is insufficiently studied and requires comprehensive research and development of recommendations for their practical application. For this purpose, a theoretical analysis has been carried out in the paper while using the ANSYS computer program, which made it possible to perform modal and harmonic analysis of ring models with various shapes. The round ring has a nominal outer diameter of  50 mm and a variable cross-section. Three ring  models  have  been  analyzed:  one  round  model and two models of oval shape. To conduct a comparative analysis and identify frequencies at which resonance occurs, the vibration characteristics of the rings have been considered in the frequency range from 1 to 26 kHz. Results of the analysis show that, depending on the frequency of  forced vibrations, bending vibrations are formed in the rings, which act in different coordinate planes. In this case, a change in the shape of the rings is accompanied by a change in the amplitude of the bending vibrations. The most intense ring vibrations along the vertical axis have been achieved in circular rings. It has been found that with an increase in the frequency of forced oscillations, an increase in the number of oscillation periods is observed. If in the region of low vibration frequencies only a one-period vibration mode is formed in the ring, then in the region of ultrasonic vibrations the number of vibration periods increases to two and three. All the considered ring models have several natural vibration frequencies with a certain periodicity in different coordinate planes depending on the shape of the rings. The intensity of the vibrations is different in different directions and depends on the shape and frequency of the forced vibrations. Examples of vibration mode variations for various ring shapes are demonstrated in the paper.
Convergence of forepaw somatosensory and motor cortical projections in the striatum, claustrum, thalamus, and pontine nuclei of cats
Authors: Smith Jared Brent , Chakrabarti Shubhodeep , Mowery Todd M. , Alloway Kevin D.
Published: April 2021

The basal ganglia and pontocerebellar systems regulate somesthetic-guided motor behaviors, and receive prominent inputs from sensorimotor cortex. Additionally, the claustrum and thalamus are forebrain subcortical structures that have connections with somatosensory and motor cortices. Our previous studies in rats have shown that primary and secondary somatosensory cortex (S1 and S2) send overlapping projections to the neostriatum and pontine nuclei, whereas overlap of primary motor cortex (M1) and S1 was much weaker. Additionally, we have shown that M1, but not S1, projects to the claustrum in rats. The goal of the current study was to compare these rodent projection patterns with connections in cats, a mammalian species that evolved in a separate phylogenetic superorder. Three different anterograde tracers were injected into the physiologically identified forepaw representations of M1, S1, and S2 in cats. Labeled fibers terminated throughout the ipsilateral striatum (caudate and putamen), claustrum, thalamus, and pontine nuclei. Digital reconstructions of tracer labeling allowed us to quantify both the normalized distribution of labeling in each subcortical area from each tracer injection, as well as the amount of tracer overlap. Surprisingly, in contrast to our previous findings in rodents, we observed M1 and S1 projections converging prominently in striatum and pons, whereas S1 and S2 overlap was much weaker. Furthermore, whereas rat S1 does not project to claustrum, we confirmed dense claustral inputs from S1 in cats. These findings suggest that the basal ganglia, claustrum, and pontocerebellar systems in rat and cat have evolved distinct patterns of sensorimotor cortical convergence.
Are there variations in hotspots in clinical malaria in pregnancy and neonatal malaria? Evidence from Ghana
Authors: Allotey Naa-Korkor , Osae Kofi , Mohammed Wahjib , Kotoh Agnes Millicent , Kenu Ernest
Published: April 2021

BackgroundMalaria in pregnancy (MIP) is a significant public health problem, and affects both mother and foetus. MIP has both direct and indirect effects. These direct effects attributed to malaria in pregnancy are clinical malaria in pregnancy and congenital malaria. Although there has been a steady decline of malaria in pregnancy (MIP); reducing from 9% in 2004 to 1.4% in 2016, the decline, does not seem equitable across the country. There was therefore a need to identify areas where clinical MIP and neonatal was high and target them for interventions (neonatal malaria was used because data for malaria was available only for the first 28 days). As a result, this study sought to use routine data to identify areas of high transmission (hotspots) for clinical malaria in pregnancy and neonatal malaria (extrapolating for congenital malaria hotspots).Methods Clinical MIP and neonatal malaria (suspected and confirmed) data were retrieved from the national routine database. Using expected pregnancy and all clinical malaria cases as the denominators of clinical malaria in pregnancy and clinical malaria respectively, the per 1000 cases of malaria in pregnancy and percentage neonatal malaria were calculated for both conditions. These two data sets were fed into ARC GIS software and hotspots spatially determined for both conditions from 2014 to 2016. ResultsVariations in hotspots were identified both chronologically and geospatially for clinical MIP and neonatal malaria respectively. Nevertheless, stable hotspots were found for clinical malaria in pregnancy for the three years and stable hotspots also identified for Neonatal malaria for two years. Congenital malaria was extrapolated from neonatal malaria data only for Bole District in the Northern Region of Ghana for 2015.Conclusions:Hotspots for malaria in pregnancy show marked variation year on year both for clinical malaria in pregnancy and neonatal malaria and vary geospatially. The differences in hotspots in clinical malaria in pregnancy and neonatal malaria also show that neonatal malaria cannot be attributed to congenital malaria and therefore is not the effect of malaria in pregnancy. However, stable hotspots for clinical malaria in pregnancy should be targeted for intervention.
Identify glioma recurrence and treatment effects with triple-tracer PET/CT
Authors: Li Cong , Yi Chang , Chen Yingshen , Xi Shaoyan , Guo Chengcheng , Yang Qunying , Wang Jian , Sai Ke , Zhang Ji , Ke Chao , Chen Fanfan , Lv Yanchun , Zhang Xiangsong , Chen Zhong-ping
Published: April 2021

Background: Differential diagnosis of tumour recurrence (TuR) from treatment effects (TrE), mostly induced by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, is still difficult by using conventional computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. We have investigated the diagnostic performance of PET/CT with 3 tracers, 13N-NH3, 18F-FDOPA, and 18F-FDG, to identify TuR and TrE in glioma patients following treatment. Methods: Forty-three patients with MR-suspected recurrent glioma were included. The maximum and mean standardized uptake values (SUVmax and SUVmean) of the lesion and the lesion-to-normal grey-matter cortex uptake (L/G) ratio were obtained from each tracer PET/CT. TuR or TrE was determined by histopathology or clinical MR follow-up for at least 6 months. Results: In this cohort, 34 patients were confirmed to have TuR, and 9 patients met the diagnostic standard of TrE. The SUVmax and SUVmean of 13N-NH3 and 18F-FDOPA PET/CT at TuR lesions were significantly higher compared with normal brain tissue (13N-NH3 0.696±0.558, 0.625±0.507 vs 0.486±0.413; 18F-FDOPA 0.455±0.518, 0.415±0.477 vs 0.194±0.203; both P<0.01), but there was no significant difference in 18F-FDG (6.918±3.190, 6.016±2.807 vs 6.356±3.104, P=0.290 and 0.493). L/G ratios of 13N-NH3 and 18F-FDOPA were significantly higher in TuR than in TrE group (13N-NH3, 1.573±0.099 vs 1.025±0.128, P=0.008; 18F-FDOPA, 2.729±0.131 vs 1.514±0.141, P<0.001). The sensitivity, specificity and AUC (area under the curve) by ROC (receiver operating characteristic) analysis were 57.7%, 100% and 0.803, for 13N-NH3; 84.6%, 100% and 0.938, for 18F-FDOPA; and 80.8%, 100%, and 0.952, for the combination, respectively.Conclusion: Our results suggest that although multiple tracer PET/CT may improve differential diagnosis efficacy, for glioma TuR from TrE, 18F-FDOPA PET-CT is the most reliable. The combination of 18F-FDOPA and 13N-NH3 does not increase the diagnostic efficiency, while 18F-FDG is not worthy for differential diagnosis of glioma TuR and TrE.
Coronavirus survey; a bibliometric analysis from 2012-2019.
Authors: Owolabi Akinyomade , Folorunsho Joshua Opeyemi , Akinsanola Bolanle , Oludipe Emmanuel
Published: April 2021

Background: Coronaviruses have emerged from animal reservoirs over the past decades to create severe illness and death. They are the SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and more recently, the SARS-CoV2. This study is focused at assessing the characteristics of published works involving SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV at global level; using bibliometric analysis. Methods: Peer-reviewed publications were retrieved from the Scopus database between 2012 and 2019. Data were analyzed in terms of the year, journal and number of publications, international collaboration patterns, research institutes, impact factor, h-index and number of times cited. Visual presentation and analysis of the data were performed using RStudio, Tableau and Microsoft Excel.Results: A total of 1707 research publications were published across the world between 2012 and 2019 with the highest and lowest number of publications in 2016 (288) and 2012 (87). USA had 249 articles, followed by South Korea (186) and Saudi Arabia (111). The total number of citations achieved was 39,094 with Journal of Virology (133) had the highest number of published articles, followed by Emerging Infectious Disease (85) and PLOS One (60). Conclusion: This research showed the international diversity of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV research with 106 countries. It is also not surprising that United States leads in the number of publications, authors and citations because of its global power and economic strength; this can also be said with the other top countries. Saudi Arabia was among the top rank because of the origination of the MERS-CoV in the middle east.
Differences in Functionality Between Independent, Slight, and Moderate Dependent Older Adults: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Valenzuela María Teresa , Rodriguez Claudia , González Diego , Glasinovic Andres , Guzmán-Venegas Rodrigo , Perez Ignacio , Ureta María del Pilar , Feferholtz Yasha , Martín Pamela San
Published: April 2021

Background: Aging is a gradual process characterized by damage to the physiological functions that frequently lead to dependence in the older adults of 60 years or older. We hypothesize significant differences in mental and physical capacity between fully independent older adults and slight to moderate dependent older adults. Method: A cross-sectional analysis of 322 older adults of 60 years or more, with a Barthel Index equal to or higher than 60, who attended day centers during August 2018 in Santiago-Chile was used. Quality of life, physical ability, cognitive capacity, and symptoms of depression of fully independent with slight to moderate dependent older adults are compared.Results: A higher proportion of older adults with complete independence have higher levels of quality of life and mobility. Even a small reduction in independence has a significant reduction in quality of life. An increase from a 60-90 score to a 91-99 score in the Barthel Index rises 42% [CI95% 18-66] the EQ-5D score, this difference increases to 49% [CI95% 29-70] for full independence. Climbing stairs and incontinence in urination are the two main activities related to having a lower independence level (lower than 100 Barthel Index score). Ambulation and climbing stairs are the two main activities related with lower than the cutoff levels of normality for quality of life (EQ5D) and physical condition (TUG). Finally, urine and bowel incontinence, and lower levels of ambulation are the main activities related with symptoms of depression (Yesavage score).Conclusion: There were significant differences in health-related measures among different levels of independent older adults. Understanding the potential causes of these differences could help prioritize the focus of multidimensional programs on health and prevention with the aim of prolonging older adults’ state of independence and improving their quality of life.
The relation between the distance from mandibular retromolar foramen to mandibular angle and lower third molar using panoramic radiographs
Authors: Alakkad Hani , Aljoujou Abeer , Alhaffar MHD Bahaa Aldin , Kouchaji Chaza
Published: April 2021

Background: Third molars are the last to erupt in the permanent teeth series. These teeth are the most likely to be impacted this research aims to evaluate whether the distance between mandibular retromolar foramen and mandibular angle renders different results in case of absence or presence of lower third molar in both genders.Methods: A respective study conducted on 186 the distance between mandibular retromolar foramen and mandibular angle were examined on Digital panoramic radiograph (DPR). The radiographs were grouped according to Absence or presence of left lower third molar and subject gender. A logistic regression model was created using the statistically significant data.Results: The lower third molar impaction on the distance between mandibular retromolar foramen and mandibular angle was not significantly different between mean groups (absence and presence) when gender is disregard. The distance between the two was significantly increased in the male subgroup.Conclusion: The relation between the distance between mandibular retromolar foramen and mandibular angle and third molar using panoramic radiographs showed no fundamental difference in the distance between mandibular retromolar foramen and mandibular angle in case of absence or presence of lower third molar when gender is disregard.
An improved estimation method for vehicle velocity of distributed drive electric vehicle
Authors: Xiang Qingqing , Liu Zhiqiang , Liu Guang
Published: April 2021

In this paper, Simulink and Carsim are combined to study the velocity estimation of distributed drive electric vehicles. Firstly, the minimum co-simulation system is established to complete the design and debugging of the algorithm. Then, a new algorithm combining unscented Kalman filter and strong tracking filter is proposed based on the vehicle estimation model. The accuracy and real-time performance of the velocity estimation algorithm are validated by simulation under snake-shaped driving conditions with different road adhesion coefficients. Finally, an experimental test is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in estimating vehicle velocity.