bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender Differences in Coolness Dynamics Among Early and Middle Adolescents
Authors: Bocskor Ákos
Published: September 2024

The paper investigates gender differences in coolness dynamics among early and middle adolescents in a Hungarian panel dataset, which followed students from grade 5 (age 11–12) to grade 8 (age 14–15). Drawing on Gender Prototypicality Theory, we expected significantly different gendered patterns in the association between coolness and various forms of aggression, academic performance, physical attractiveness, BMI, and two forms of risk behavior (smoking, drinking). However, our multilevel models showed that behaviors traditionally considered masculine tended to be associated with coolness for both sexes, but in particular for girls. Some traditionally masculine behaviors (such as verbal aggression, smoking, or lower GPA) tended to be more strongly or only associated with status among girls. On the other hand, while physical attractiveness was associated with status for both sexes, this association was stronger among boys. Cultural and contextual explanations, as well as policy implications, are also discussed.
The difficulties and solutions in operationalising a hybrid operating room
Authors: Zaman Tahmid , Williams Aman Berry , Singh Tejas , Ellwood Grace , Williams Zoheb
Published: September 2024

As the population ages and grows, health services must evolve in ways to offer versatile patient care, whilst improving patient outcomes and maintaining long-term economic viability. A facility assisting in the provision of such healthcare is the hybrid operating room (HOR): a specialised suite allowing simultaneous radiological and surgical diagnostics and therapeutics in a single episode of care. Versatile and customizable, the HOR is utilised by a broad range of subspecialties in elective and emergency settings, including (but not limited to) vascular surgery, trauma surgery and interventional radiology. Though the benefits of hybrid techniques to patient care are well known, the actual steps in operationalising the HOR can be challenging if not considered and coordinated appropriately. The intention of this narrative review is to highlight issues and suggest solutions in the design and commissioning of an HOR. Key areas in need of specific attention include stakeholder involvement, economic feasibility, suite location, workflow planning, hybrid equipment choice, and team organisation.
The Downturn of Egypt’s Eastern Desert in the Middle Roman Imperial Period
Authors: McDonald Brandon
Published: September 2024

Roman activity in Egypt’s Eastern Desert fluctuated significantly, ranging from intense exploitation of its resources and desert routes that facilitated Indo-Mediterranean trade, to the Roman Empire’s near total abandonment of the region. In those areas crucial to the Roman state – stone quarries, Red Sea ports, desert road stations and mining settlements – a nadir in occupation occurs near the mid-third century CE. But archaeological evidence indicates that significant reductions in activity occurred between the late second and early third centuries CE – i.e., in the Antonine and Severan Periods. The downturn was probably a result of distant geopolitical engagements, outbreaks of disease and/or shifting patterns of trade, which led to the Empire’s neglect of and gradual withdrawal from the area. This article reviews the archaeology of the Eastern Desert and considers the reason(s) this once-important region fell into decline.

[Formula: see text]
Control Beliefs after a Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias: The Need to Foster Resilience
Authors: Reynolds Addam , Amano Takashi , Scher Clara , Jia Yuane
Published: September 2024

Objectives: Positive adaptation, like higher control beliefs, following a disability diagnosis is important to buffer against excess disability; however, no study has examined how the recent diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) impacts control beliefs. The current study addresses this gap in the literature. Method: We use data from the 2012–2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. Propensity score weighting was used to address the systematic selection of an ADRD diagnosis to understand how control beliefs (perceived constraints and mastery) are impacted two years following a diagnosis. Results: A new diagnosis of ADRD was associated with a lower mastery score two years later, regardless of baseline functional ability (b = -0.652, p < .001). No associations were noted between a new ADRD diagnosis and perceived constraints. Conclusions: Our results suggest that a recent diagnosis of ADRD has negative implications for mastery, which may facilitate excess disability.
A bibliometric review of waste management and innovation: Unveiling trends, knowledge structure and emerging research fronts
Authors: Ortega Alvarez Ana Maria , Malá Karolína , Serna Rodriguez Maribel
Published: September 2024

The pressing challenges in waste management have motivated this comprehensive study examining prior research and contemporary trends concerning innovation and waste management. A meticulous investigation of 2264 documents (1968–2024) was conducted using bibliometrix R-tool to analyse Scopus and Web of Science databases, offering a holistic global perspective. Heightened societal concern about waste management, driven by soaring waste production from consumption patterns, requires urgent exploration of effective waste elimination and transformation systems. This study provides a comprehensive summary of the topic, delving deeply into its complexities. Through thorough analysis of global trends, it constitutes a significant stride towards identifying effective solutions, offering valuable contributions to both scientific understanding and practical applications. This research pioneers a comprehensive synthesis of innovation and waste management issues, showcasing originality and substantial contributions. The identified collaborative networks expose a lack of transnational cooperation, potentially hindering waste management innovation. Future research around waste management innovation should focus on synergies among competitors within the same industry and across industries to minimize waste and maximize resource utilization, 4.0 technologies, global waste chain impacts and challenges along with solutions for developing countries.
Interests, Plans, and Hopes for Life After High School From Autistic Young Adults’ Perspectives
Authors: Hall Laura J. , Brum Christopher , Steinbrenner Jessica R. , Hume Kara , Grundon Gretchen , Spitzer Hannah
Published: September 2024

Obtaining the perspectives of autistic young adults is critical for planning educational and service delivery systems focused on the preparation for a high life quality after high school. The perspective and voice of autistic young adults who participated in the Center on Secondary Education for Students with Autism (CSESA) multi-site follow-up study conducted across three states (North Carolina, Wisconsin, and California) are described. Participants who exited high school or were enrolled in a district transition program responded to short-answer items on a Young Adult Questionnaire and Interview ( n = 148) and completed the Adolescent and Young Adult Activity Card Sort (Berg, 2015; n = 150) to address research questions about their current interests, future plans, and perceived barriers to fulfilling future plans using descriptive statistics and coding of interview responses. The young adults report current engagement in leisure activities, and 79% seek a job change and the opportunity to date and engage in a long-term relationship.
The impact of genetic polymorphism for detecting genotoxicity in workers occupationally exposed to formaldehyde: A systematic review
Authors: Pinto Thiago Guedes , Muniz Renno Ana Claudia , Cury Patricia Ramos , Ribeiro Daniel Araki
Published: September 2024

Formaldehyde is a chemical compound capable of preserving cells and tissue morphology, being extensively used worldwide in industrial and medical processes. However, due to the many biological effects that take place after an individual is chronically exposed to formaldehyde, this compound poses a greater cancer risk for workers under its occupational exposure, even at lower concentrations. Thus, the present systematic review aimed to understand whether there may be a positive relation between polymorphism (in terms of individual susceptibility) and genotoxicity in individuals occupationally exposed to formaldehyde. For this purpose, a total of eight selected studies were carefully analyzed by two reviewers, who attributed scores to each study according to the used analysis parameters. First, all studies investigated either pathologists under formaldehyde exposure or anatomical laboratory pathology workers. In addition, the majority of studies were categorized as moderate or strong in the quality assessment. The results revealed a positive association between some polymorphism and genotoxicity in individuals exposed to formaldehyde, since more than half of the studies observed positive relations between genotoxicity and polymorphisms in xenobiotics metabolizing genes. We understand such parameters influence individuals’ susceptibility to genomic damage induced by formaldehyde in peripheral blood. In conclusion, individuals with certain genotypes may show higher or lower DNA damage and/or lower or higher DNA repair potential.
The Evolving Context of MAID-Related Communications for Registered Nurses in Canada
Authors: Thorne Sally , Parker Heidi , Pesut Barbara
Published: September 2024

Background

Since legalization of Medical Assistance in Dying in Canada in 2016, nurses are increasingly faced with new and evolving communication challenges as patients in a diversity of settings and contexts contemplate their end-of-life options.

Purpose

The purposes of this study were: 1) to develop an understanding of the nuances and challenges associated with MAID-related communication from the perspective of registered nurses, and 2) to draw on the insights arising from this analysis to reflect on the evolution of MAID communication for nurses over time.

Methods

This study represented a secondary analysis of two primary qualitative data sets, including: 74 interviews of Canadian registered nurses self-identifying as having some exposure to MAID in their clinical practice; and 47 narrative reflections volunteered by respondents to questions posed in an online MAID reflective guide for nurses.

Results

Nurses described evolving complexities associated with introducing and engaging with the topic of MAID with their patients, helping patients navigate access to MAID assessment, managing family and community dynamics associated with opinions and beliefs surrounding MAID, supporting patients in their planning toward a MAID death, and being there for patients and their families in the moment of MAID.

Conclusions

MAID communication is highly complex, individualized, and context-specific. It is apparent that many nurses have developed an impressive degree of comfort and skill around navigating its nuances within a rapidly evolving legislative context. It is also apparent that dedicated basic and continuing MAID communication education will warranted for registered nurses in all health care settings.
Nonpharmacologic Treatment Options in Pediatric Tension-Type Headache Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Arce Saez David , Berring-Uldum Amalie Akulenok , Debes Nanette Marinette Monique
Published: September 2024

Objective: This systematic review aims to examine effects of nonpharmacologic treatment options for pediatric tension-type headache patients as well as evaluate current results from these treatment options. Background: Headache is a worldwide problem among both adults and children, with tension-type headache among the most common. Methods: Eighteen relevant studies were found using PubMed and evaluated in this review. These include therapy programs, biofeedback, alternative medicine, strength exercise, physical therapy, mindfulness therapy, and psychotherapy. Results: Several nonpharmacologic treatment methods showed improvement in pediatric headache patients, with few reported adverse effects. This suggests that nonpharmacologic treatment is safe for use and might have an effect in most cases. Conclusion: No single intervention has been proven superior to another, and some studies would need replication with a control group to confirm the findings. This study illustrates the variety of nonpharmacologic treatment options and the importance of future research on this topic.
Sport technology in combination with neural guidance channels loaded with Inula helenium extract for peripheral nervous system repair
Authors: Ying Weiyuan
Published: September 2024

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of nerves that extend beyond the brain and spinal cord, connecting the body to the central nervous system (CNS). Peripheral nerve injuries, caused by trauma, compression, or disease, often result in sensory and motor deficits. In the current study, a nanofibrous neural conduit was developed by loading Inula helenium extract into electrospun PCL/gelatin scaffolds. Then, the scaffolds were characterized in vitro using different analysis methods. Then, the electrospun sheets were rolled up to produce neural conduits. Finally, the healing efficacy of the developed system was investigated in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury. Results showed that the animals that were treated with both treadmill exercise and the Inula helenium extract-loaded conduits had significantly better functional recovery and histopathological recovery. ELISA assay showed that the hybrid treatment method increased tissue concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) and decreased tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α) tissue levels.
Barriers and Strategies to Effective Serious Illness Communication for Patients with End-Stage Liver Disease in the Intensive Care Setting
Authors: Brown Cristal , Khan Saif , Parekh Trisha M. , Muir Andrew J , Sudore Rebecca L.
Published: September 2024

Background: Patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) often require Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission during the disease trajectory, but aggressive medical treatment has not resulted in increased quality of life for patients or caregivers. Methods: This narrative review synthesizes relevant data thematically exploring the current state of serious illness communication in the ICU with identification of barriers and potential strategies to improve performance. We provide a conceptual model underscoring the importance of providing comprehensible disease and prognosis knowledge, eliciting patient values and aligning these values with available goals of care options through a series of discussions. Achieving effective serious illness communication supports the delivery of goal concordant care (care aligned with the patient's stated values) and improved quality of life. Results: General barriers to effective serious illness communication include lack of outpatient serious illness communication discussions; formalized provider training, literacy and culturally appropriate patient-directed serious illness communication tools; and unoptimized electronic health records. ESLD-specific barriers to effective serious illness communication include stigma, discussing the uncertainty of prognosis and provider discomfort with serious illness communication. Evidence-based strategies to address general barriers include using the Ask-Tell-Ask communication framework; clinician training to discuss patients’ goals and expectations; PREPARE for Your Care literacy and culturally appropriate written and online tools for patients, caregivers, and clinicians; and standardization of documentation in the electronic health record. Evidence-based strategies to address ESLD-specific barriers include practicing with empathy; using the “Best-Case, Worst Case” prognostic framework; and developing interdisciplinary solutions in the ICU. Conclusion: Improving clinician training, providing patients and caregivers easy-to-understand communication tools, standardizing EHR documentation, and improving interdisciplinary communication, including palliative care, may increase goal concordant care and quality of life for critically ill patients with ESLD.
Childhood Maltreatment, Revictimization, and Partner Violence Victimization Through Midlife: A Prospective Longitudinal Investigation
Authors: Widom Cathy Spatz
Published: September 2024

Existing research suggests that prior victimizations during a person’s lifetime, particularly childhood traumas and maltreatment, are risk factors for abuse and revictimization in adulthood, although longitudinal evidence is sparse. Using data from a 30-year ongoing longitudinal study of the long-term consequences of childhood maltreatment, this paper describes the extent to which childhood maltreatment predicts subsequent victimization and partner violence victimization at two time points in adulthood. Data were obtained from a prospective cohort design study in which children with court-substantiated cases of maltreatment (ages 0–11 years) and demographically matched controls were followed into adulthood and interviewed over several waves. Childhood maltreatment was assessed through juvenile and adult court records from 1967 to 1971 in a midwestern county area in the United States. Victimization experiences were assessed from 2000 to 2002 ( Mage = 39.5 years) and 2009 to 2010 ( Mage = 47.5) and included two types based on information from the lifetime trauma and victimization history instrument and questions about past year partner violence victimization. Individuals with histories of childhood maltreatment were more likely to report physical and sexual assaults and kidnapping and stalking victimization than controls through age 39.5. In contrast, the two groups did not differ at the later assessment at age 47.5, except maltreated individuals reported greater risk for sexual assault/abuse than controls. For intimate partner violence victimization at age 39.5, maltreated and control groups differed only in terms of victimization involving injury. Later in adulthood, more individuals with histories of childhood maltreatment reported partner physical violence victimization compared to controls. Although these longitudinal findings showed a general decline in victimization experiences over the two time points, these results demonstrate that childhood maltreatment increases risk for subsequent revictimization in middle adulthood, specifically for sexual assault/abuse and intimate partner physical violence victimization. These findings have implications for prevention and intervention efforts targeting maltreated children.
Rethinking Lifetime Abuse in Old Age
Authors: Band-Winterstein Tova , Shulyaev Ksenya , Eisikovits Zvi
Published: September 2024

Research on abuse is often piecemeal and focused on specific forms, populations, and social situations. As a result, these studies tend to ignore the web of abuse resulting from the interactive effects of various forms of abuse over the life course, together referred to as “lifetime abuse.” An examination of abuse from the point of view of older adults is likely to provide a lifetime perspective based on linking child abuse to elder abuse over the life course and an assessment of its consequences. Despite the growing awareness and resulting body of knowledge regarding this phenomenon, proposed theoretical formulations about it remain limited. The present article aimed to conceptualize the multifaceted phenomenon of lifetime abuse and to gain a deeper perspective of the topic by understanding its dimensions, meanings, and experiences in older age, based on a critical review of empirical studies. A model is suggested, which can be useful for future exploration and understanding of lifetime abuse. Based on a critical review of previous studies, we suggest a theoretical framework of lifetime abuse from the perspective of older adults, identifying three key domains: (a) perception of time and life review in old age; (b) cumulative and interactive abusive life events; and (c) resilience versus vulnerability over the life course. We propose a heuristic model to explore and understand lifetime abuse. We believe our proposed model is open to reflection and elaboration and is intended to raise questions that could enhance the need for our understanding of lifetime abuse in old age.
“Everything Is Changing, We Need to Adapt”: Between Tradition and Modernity—Educators Coping with Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Sigad Laura I.
Published: September 2024

Socio-cultural contexts are formative to how teachers understand, conceptualize, and act when contending with child sexual abuse (CSA) cases among their students. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the experiences of Druze Arab teachers in Israel coping with cases of CSA among their students and the meaning they attribute to CSA in the context of socio-cultural change. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 female Druze elementary school teachers. All of the participants taught in schools located in Druze villages, where the children of Druze families comprise the majority of the student body. The analysis used a thematic approach. The analysis revealed that a transition between tradition and modernity in the Druze socio-cultural group was the central conceptual framework through which the teachers’ narratives regarding CSA emerged. As an emblem of modernity, increasing openness around sexual topics was perceived as simultaneously favorable and threatening to both the welfare of children and the well-being of the community. Coping with CSA was viewed as a negotiation between closed (traditional) and open (modern) society, as well as silence and dialogue regarding CSA. This study highlights the importance of preventing teachers’ cultural biases from affecting their contributions to CSA interventions, as well as how religion can be a source of strength when confronting CSA. Implications for policy and developing bottom-up, culturally sensitive training, practice, and interventions are discussed.
Longitudinal Trajectories of Physical Teen Dating Perpetration and Trait Anger Expression: A Group-Based Trajectory Approach
Authors: Lawrence Timothy I. , Wojciechowski Thomas W.
Published: September 2024

Dating violence is often perpetrated among adolescents, which increases the efforts to better understand individual risk factors for preventive efforts. Although multiple forms (i.e., physical and psychological) often coexist, few studies have studied the chronicity and developmental classes of physical teen dating violence and examined whether subtypes of trait anger predict teen dating perpetration over time. Thus, the purpose of the current study is to investigate: (a) the developmental group-based patterns of physical teen dating violence; and (b) whether subtypes of trait anger expression predict association in these classes using the Bullying, Sexual, and Dating Violence Trajectories from Early to Late Adolescence in the Midwestern United States, 2007 to 2013 dataset. Group-based trajectory modeling results identified four classes of teen dating violence perpetration (e.g., Accelerating, Abstaining, Desisting, and High Chronic). Multinomial logistic regression results indicated that expressing anger outwardly was positively associated with Desisting and High Chronic patterns, but not Accelerating patterns. These results suggest that there are four classes of teen dating violence perpetration and underscore the effects of expression of trait anger as a risk factor of teen dating violence perpetration. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
Predictors of Intention to use Health Literacy Strategies in Patient Education among Health Care Professionals at Public Hospitals of Bahir Dar City: Application of Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Fetene Bezawit Mekonnen , Wondiye Habtamu , Yigzaw Zeamanuel Anteneh
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Health literacy strategies were using plain language, using visual aids, using the teach-back method, limiting the number of items provided, and providing culture-sensitive care. This study aimed to assess predictors of intention to use health literacy strategies in patient education among healthcare professionals.

Design

An institutional-based cross-sectional study, theory of planned behavior.

Setting

Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia, from March 10 to April 10, 2023.

Subjects

422 healthcare professionals.

Measures

Six items with a response range from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree each item was summed on a five-point Likert scale and its score range (6-30).

Analysis

Linear regression, SPSS version 25.

Results

A total of 389 healthcare professionals participated with a response rate of 92.18%. The overall mean intention towards health literacy strategies score was 24.02 with (SD ± 3.84). Subjective norm [(β, .231; 95% CI: .129, .333)], attitude [β, .162; 95% CI: .072, .252], perceived behavioral control [(β, .121; 95% CI: .022, .221)], having got training [(β, .125; 95% CI: .348, .530)] and knowing health literacy [(β, .251; 95% CI: .131, .371)] were factors.

Conclusion

The mean score of intention to use health literacy strategies was very low. Attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, training, and knowledge of health literacy strategies were predictors. Therefore, different strategies should be applied to increase the utilization of health literacy strategies.
Thermoelastic analysis of FG-CNTRC cylindrical shells with various boundary conditions and temperature-dependent characteristics using quasi-3D higher-order shear deformation theory
Authors: Phon Nguyen Duy , Doan Tran Ngoc , Van Quang Duong , Van Minh Phung
Published: September 2024

Abstract. This study focuses on performing static analysis of FG-CNTRC cylinder shells with various boundary restrictions, including thermomechanical responses. The governing equations are developed by taking into account the temperature-dependent material features, the quasi-3D high-order shear deformation hypothesis, and the normal transverse stress effect. The temperature gradient inside the thickness is expected to fluctuate, and the distribution pattern is derived by using the heat transfer equation and considering the temperature boundary limitations. A singular trigonometric series and the Laplace transform are used in an analytics solution to address basic equations. This study primarily examines the stress levels at the border region. The findings indicate that it is crucial to take into account the abrupt rise in stress at the boundary area, particularly when the shell’s relative length is small. The reciprocal impact of pressure and temperature load is also emphasized. Significant findings indicate that thermal load may either augment or diminish stress levels, contingent upon the orientation of the pressure and thermal load effect. The results of the study of this issue serve as the foundation for the calculation and design of relevant structures in practical applications. Furthermore, this serves as a foundation for the creation of more intricate issues in the forthcoming.
Exploring the strain rate influence on shear yield behavior of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene: Experimental and numerical study
Authors: Dundar Mehmet Akif
Published: September 2024

Most experimental and numerical studies are limited to examining the effect of strain rate on the compressive and tensile yield behavior of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS), an amorphous material of significant industrial relevance, rather than its shear yield behavior; therefore, this study is dedicated to addressing this notable gap in the literature by exploring the effect of strain rate on the shear yield behavior of ABS. To this end, shear tests were carried out using the Wyoming version of the Iosipescu (V-notched) shear test fixture at five distinct loading rates, ranging from 5 × 10−3 to 1 × 101 mm/s, which correspond to strain rates between 5.5 × 10−4 s−1 and 7 × 10−1 s−1. Shear strain distributions in the specimens were measured using the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique. The shear test results not only revealed a substantial increase in the shear yield strength of ABS with increasing strain rate, but also demonstrated that the shear yield strength of ABS is more sensitive to strain rate than its compressive and tensile yield strengths. The findings of the study also suggested that using shear-tension test data pairs at the same strain rates is more effective for determining the hydrostatic pressure sensitivity parameter than using tension-compression and shear-compression test data pairs. The experimental results were validated against numerical predictions obtained through finite element analyses employing an elastic-viscoplastic constitutive model, which comprehensively accounted for non-linear material properties, geometric complexities, and non-linearities arising from boundary contacts.
Unveiling the Veiled Threat: The Impact of Bots on COVID-19 Health Communication
Authors: Unlu Ali , Truong Sophie , Sawhney Nitin , Tammi Tuukka
Published: September 2024

This article presents the results of a comprehensive study examining the influence of bots on the dissemination of COVID-19 misinformation and negative vaccine stance on Twitter over a period of three years. The research employed a tripartite methodology: text classification, topic modeling, and network analysis to explore this phenomenon. Text classification, leveraging the Turku University FinBERT pre-trained embeddings model, differentiated between misinformation and vaccine stance detection. Bot-like Twitter accounts were identified using the Botometer software, and further analysis was implemented to distinguish COVID-19 specific bot accounts from regular bots. Network analysis illuminated the communication patterns of COVID-19 bots within retweet and mention networks. The findings reveal that these bots exhibit distinct characteristics and tactics that enable them to influence public discourse, particularly showing an increased activity in COVID-19-related conversations. Topic modeling analysis uncovers that COVID-19 bots predominantly focused on themes such as safety, political/conspiracy theories, and personal choice. The study highlights the critical need to develop effective strategies for detecting and countering bot influence. Essential actions include using clear and concise language in health communications, establishing strategic partnerships during crises, and ensuring the authenticity of user accounts on digital platforms. The findings underscore the pivotal role of bots in propagating misinformation related to COVID-19 and vaccines, highlighting the necessity of identifying and mitigating bot activities for effective intervention.
Impact of Clevidipine Versus Nicardipine on Time in Range when Lowering Blood Pressure
Authors: Armstrong Kaitlin J. , Shepard Kelly , Horsfield Michelle , Levine Alexander R. , O’Sullivan David M. , Zeiner Abigail L.
Published: September 2024

Background: Two intravenous medications commonly used as first-line therapy for rapid blood pressure control are nicardipine and clevidipine, both of which are available as titratable infusions. Despite pharmacokinetic differences, no data clearly support a preferred agent. Objective: To evaluate efficacy and safety outcomes associated with current use of these medications across a variety of indications in a hospital system. Methods: This study was a multi-center, retrospective chart review conducted within a hospital system from June 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021. Records of patients were matched in a one-to-one fashion based on indication for blood pressure control and similar pre-intervention blood pressure. The primary outcome was time within target blood pressure range. Results: A total of 569 patients were screened, resulting in 100 matched pairs. The percent of time in blood pressure range was similar between nicardipine and clevidipine when stratified by location of care (51.5% vs 51.7%, P = 0.970 for ED; 68.1% vs 68.8%, P = 0.913 for ICU). Overall, the median (IQR) time to target blood pressure range was significantly faster with clevidipine than nicardipine [20 (7-43) min. vs 34 (14.5-57) min., resp.; P = 0.013). There were numerically higher rates of hypotension with nicardipine than clevidipine, but this finding was not significant (17% vs 10%; P = 0.093). Conclusions: This study shows a statistically significant difference in time to target blood pressure range with clevidipine compared to nicardipine. Although there was no difference in the percentage of time in blood pressure range, nicardipine was associated with a non-significant increase in the incidence of hypotension.
Mass production and cutting performance of diamond coated cutting tools for machining titanium alloys
Authors: Zhu Haojie , Shen Yi , Liu Dongdong , Sun Fanghong
Published: September 2024

Diamond coated cutting tools are applied for machining difficult-to-machine materials of titanium alloys. However, the temperature field uniformity needs to be further improved for the mass production of diamond coated tools using the hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) method. In this paper, the tools temperature distribution is simulated by the finite volume method (FVM) during the deposition of diamond coatings. An optimization method of deposition setting with fine filaments in dense arrangement (FFDA) is proposed, and the temperature distributions of the tools under the coarse filament in sparse arrangement (CFSA) and FFDA are simulated to systematically elucidate the effects of fine filament densification. Subsequently, the different hot filament arrangements are adopted to mass production experiment for deposition of micro/nano composite diamond (MCD/NCD) coatings on WC-6%Co cutting tools. In addition, the cutting experiments on titanium alloys are conducted using diamond coated tools, and the cutting performance of tools at different locations is evaluated. The results indicate that the FFDA method can improve the temperature field uniformity of mass-produced diamond coated cutting tools, and the cutting tools have better consistency in surface morphology, thickness, chemical composition, surface roughness and cutting performance.
Exploring the cutting edge: Recent trends in cold metal transfer welding
Authors: Bhardwaj Vishal , Singh Indra Jeet , Murtaza Qasim
Published: September 2024

Cold metal transfer welding is known for its automated welding process, which is equipped with shortcircuit-based deposition of filler wire, which allows it to control its heat input parameter properly along with a wire feed rate. Cold metal transfer’s main characteristic, which greatly affected the manufacturing industries, is joining thin, similar, or dissimilar metal sheets as the processing heat input is minimal. This review paper (covering 104 studies) examines how joining different metals with varying welding parameters affects their weld appearance, microstructure, tensile strength, and the formation of joint failure. The main focus was on what additional methods, like hardfacing or post-heat treatment of material, must be adopted to enhance the joint's weld quality and appearance. The paper starts with the investigation of numerous dissimilar weld joints formed by the cold metal transfer technique, along with the effect of varying welding parameters and ultrasonic-assisted cold metal transfer hybrid welding on the weld quality and post–pre-weld heat treatment of materials. A comparison of different cold metal transfer arc modes employed in wire-arc additive manufacturing has also been discussed briefly. At the end of the analysis, it was noted that some metal joints had a positive impact, and some gained a negative effect while increasing the heat input. The research articles studied in this paper indicate that not every material would exhibit the same welding property when subjected to a specific set of varying welding parameters.
The Gender-Equality Paradox in Intraindividual Academic Strengths: A Cross-Temporal Analysis
Authors: Balducci Marco , Larose Marie-Pier , Stoet Gijsbert , Geary David C.
Published: September 2024

Independent of overall achievement, girls’ intraindividual academic strength is typically reading, whereas boys’ strength is typically mathematics or science. Sex differences in intraindividual strengths are associated with educational and occupational sex disparities in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. Paradoxically, these sex differences are larger in more gender-equal countries, but the stability of this paradox is debated. We assessed the stability of the gender-equality paradox in intraindividual strengths, and its relation to wealth, by analyzing the academic achievement of nearly 2.5 million adolescents across 85 countries and regions in five waves (from 2006 to 2018) of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). Girls’ intraindividual strength in reading and boys’ strength in mathematics and science were stable across countries and waves. Boys’ advantage in science as an intraindividual strength was larger in more gender-equal countries, whereas girls’ advantage in reading was larger in wealthier countries. The results have implications for reducing sex disparities in STEM fields.
The effect of gender gap in labor market participation on carbon emission efficiency: State-level empirical evidence from the US
Authors: Dai Shangze , Dai Yi , Yu Haichao
Published: September 2024

As structural transformation and economic development have progressed, the issue of climate change has become increasingly critical, concurrently with the growing significance of women in the labor market. Yet, the impact of the gender gap in labor participation rates on carbon emission efficiency remains ambiguous. This article employs a data envelopment analysis model to evaluate carbon emission efficiency, utilizing US state-level data from 2010 to 2021 for an empirical investigation into the influence of the gender gap in labor market participation and unemployment rates on carbon emission efficiency. Overall, the narrowing of the gender gap in the labor market contributes to the improvement of carbon emission efficiency. The detailed findings are as follows: (1) diminishing the gender gap in labor force participation and unemployment rates can enhance carbon emission efficiency, a trend particularly pronounced in states that have adopted the Equal Rights Amendment and during the pre-COVID-19 era; (2) gender gap in labor market participation and unemployment rates affects carbon emission efficiency through skilled labor biased technological progress and income inequality and (3) the increase of innovation efficiency, saving rate and endowment structure can mitigate gender gap in labor market participation and unemployment rates’ effects on carbon emission efficiency.
Ecological responses to solar forcing during the Homerian Climate Anomaly recorded by varved sediments from Holzmaar, Germany
Authors: García María Luján , Birlo Stella , Zahajská Petra , Wienhues Giulia , Grosjean Martin , Zolitschka Bernd
Published: September 2024

Features like solar cyclicities and trends as well as grand solar minima are used to attribute natural climate variability to solar forcing on decadal to millennial time scales. Here we focus on ecological responses of a Grand Solar Minimum on annually- laminated lake sediments from Holzmaar (Germany) covering the Homeric Climate Anomaly (HCA). Diatom assemblages and pigments of purple sulphur bacteria (Bphe a) analysed at decadal resolution document well-stratified conditions with relatively low lacustrine productivity prior to the HCA (2950–2750 cal. BP). Colder temperatures, a well-mixed water column and higher primary aquatic productivity established during the HCA (2750–2680 cal. BP) as indicated for Holzmaar by dominance of the planktonic diatom Stephanodiscus minutulus, decreasing Bphe a and peaking total chloropigment concentrations. The termination of the HCA after 2680 cal. BP is marked by additional anthropogenic signals related to deforestation that changed the catchment at the contemporaneous Bronze Age/Iron Age transition. Our high-resolution and well-dated multiproxy study based on varved sediments contributes to a better understanding of decadal-scale responses of aquatic ecosystems to solar forcing and compares well with hypotheses suggested by other investigations indicating colder and more windy climatic conditions as the consequences of a Grand Solar Minimum for mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere.
No(w) future: Neo-farming and eco-anxiety in France
Authors: Sallustio Madeleine
Published: September 2024

Studying how people relate to the future and how it shapes individual or collective affects is a way to grasp what motivates social practices. What would be the effect of the climate crisis and democratic disillusionments on social mobilisations? What impact does the disappearance of the horizon of progress have on individuals' lives? Based on long-term fieldwork among a dozen neo-farming anarchist libertarian collectives in the Massif Central (France), I analyse how the future horizon of despair, anxiety, or abandonment is necessarily intertwined with utopian projection. This interaction between antinomic futures creates a paradoxical and Camusian ‘absurd' present that resonates with a shared temporality emphasising the ‘here and now' and prefigurative politics. Through this study of the ‘back-to-the-land' movement, I will propose a broader epistemological discussion related to how anthropology has historically approached incoherence and contradictions. I advocate for deepening our understanding of the meaning of social practices by interrogating the intrinsic multiple representations of time that impel them.
Machine learning non-isothermal study of the blade coating process (NIS-BCP) using non-Newtonian nanofluid with magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and slip effects
Authors: Javed Muhammad Asif , Ghaffari Abuzar , Atif H M , Sowayan Ahmed S , Khan Sami Ullah
Published: September 2024

The underlying investigation reports the effects of the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and non-linear slip coefficients on the coating thickness of the web/substrate during the blade coating process. Two dimensional analysis of the blade coating process is performed using non-Newtonian nanofluid model with the help of basic equations of fluid dynamics are performed. Firstly, the system of equations of motion (EOM) is transformed into the non-dimensional form by using the scaling factors. Secondly, the modeled equations are further simplified with the help of lubrication approximation theory (LAT). The resulting boundary value problem is transformed into stream function to eliminate the pressure gradient from the flow equation and then numerically tackled with the Matlab built-in function bvp4c with the method of false position (Regula-Falsi Method). A comparative study of numerical data with results simulated by artificial neural networks (ANN) found that results are in excellent agreement. The impact of sundry parameters on physical quantities is examined through graphical representation. Results indicate that the influence of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), nanoparticle and slip effects cannot be ignored during the blade coating flow, as a significant impact of these parameters is observed on velocity, temperature, pressure, coating thickness, blade load, and streamlines.
Anxiety and disease awareness in individuals with heredity for abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Fattahi Nina , Nilsson Olga , Svensjö Sverker , Roy Joy , Linné Anneli , Hultgren Rebecka
Published: September 2024

Objective

The psychological consequences of being aware of an increased risk of developing abdominal aortic aneurysm as a first-degree relative of a person with abdominal aortic aneurysm are hitherto unexplored. This study investigates the awareness of heritability and anxiety in male and female adult offspring of abdominal aortic aneurysm patients compared to controls. Health-related quality of life among participants with aortic pathology was compared to participants with normal aortic diameters.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional point prevalence study based on the participants examined in the Detecting Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in First Degree Relatives Trial (DAAAD; 752 adult offspring, 756 matched controls), 2020–2022. Questionnaires about health-related quality of life and study-specific questions regarding awareness of heritability were collected prior to the aortic ultrasound.

Results

Attendance rate was higher among individuals with heredity compared to controls (67% vs. 52%, p < 0.001). Of 1508 adult offspring examined, 65% reported having a close relative with abdominal aortic aneurysm (6% in controls). Female adult offspring reported higher awareness of heritability than controls (38% vs. 12%, p < 0.001), as did males (32% vs. 8%, p < 0.001). A slight majority of participants with awareness reported anxiety (54% of female offspring; 51% of male). There were no measured differences in health-related quality of life between the groups when standard health-related quality of life instruments were used.

Conclusion

The higher-than-expected proportion of adult offspring with awareness of heritability and anxiety about such risk indicates that we fail to communicate risk to this group appropriately via the current channels of information within the healthcare system. This calls for the development of dedicated strategies for improved communication of abdominal aortic aneurysm risk to patients and their next of kin.
Rights-based policies for role-bearing people: Are geo-cultural norms a hindrance to cultivating safer sport?
Authors: Tak Minhyeok , Kim Yoon Jin , Rhind Daniel JA
Published: September 2024

Many (inter)national governments and sports organisations are implementing standardised Safe Sport policies and guidelines. However, the Western-born, rights-based norm that underlies Safe Sport can collide with pre-existing geo-sociocultural norms of local contexts. Drawing from a case study of South Korea's elite sport pathway where tightened regulations on abuse challenge the long-lasting relational hierarchy based on Confucianism, this paper examines how athletes and coaches manoeuvre within the fast-changing social order shaped by the new safeguarding policies and practices. Analysing data from semi-structured interviews with 48 participants around two Elite Sports Schools, the paper shows that the rights-based norm integral to Safe Sport is sifted through the Confucian hierarchy, generating two main shifts respectively in coaches’ roles (from caring disciplinarians to professional service providers) and senior athletes’ (from potential abusers to benevolent superiors). That is, individual actors re-script their relational template by negotiating between the familiar and new relational ethics. From this, the paper suggests that Safe Sport is not a straightforward process of modernising less advanced practices up to a certain standard; it requires understanding how individuals make sense of the process in their own socio-cultural contexts.