bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel System for the Synthesis of 2‐Aminobenzthiazoles Using Sodium Dichloroiodate.
Authors: Telvekar Vikas N. , Bachhav Harshal M. , Bairwa Vinod Kumar
Published: January 2013

In most cases, the biologically important heterocyclic skeleton is obtained within 2 h in nearly quantitative yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Click Synthesis of 5‐Alkynyl 1,2,3‐Triazoles under Ambient Conditions.
Authors: Alonso Francisco , Moglie Yanina , Radivoy Gabriel , Yus Miguel
Published: January 2013

The simple and efficient procedure allows the preparation of a broad spectrum of fully substituted triazole structures.
ChemInform Abstract: InCl3 Catalyzed Three‐Component Synthesis of α‐Benzylamino Coumarins and Diketones.
Authors: Rao Pallavi , Konda Saidulu , Iqbal Javed , Oruganti Srinivas
Published: January 2013

Indole is also suitable as coupling component to give 3‐substituted indoles of type (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Regiospecific Normal Diels—Alder Reaction of trans‐1,2‐Biscoumarinylethenes.
Authors: Sanap Kailas K. , Samant Shriniwas D.
Published: January 2013

The title compounds (I) are prepared and used in reactions with various electron deficient dienophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Construction of Densely Functionalized 4H‐Chromenes via Three‐Component Reactions Catalyzed by L‐Proline.
Authors: Li Minghao , Zhang Biao , Gu Yanlong
Published: January 2013

The title procedure constitutes a general and environmentally benign method to construct densely functionalized 4H‐chromenes via a three‐component reaction of salicylaldehydes (I), nucleophiles, e.g.(II), and cyclohexanediones (III) which may proceed via an enolic hydroxy‐assisted mechanism.
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise and Versatile Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐3‐cyanopyridine Derivatives in 2,2,2‐Trifluoroethanol.
Authors: Khaksar Samad , Yaghoobi Mandana
Published: January 2013

Trifluoroethanol is found to be an efficient and easily recoverable solvent for the synthesis of pyridine derivatives (IV)/(VI) via one‐pot four‐component condensation of aldehydes, ketones, malononitrile and NH4OAc.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Reactivity of 3‐Amino‐2,4‐dichloroquinoline.
Authors: Simacek Adam , Grepl Martin , Hradilova Ludmila , Hradil Pavel
Published: January 2013

The title compound (II) is easily prepared from salt (I) and coupled with various oxygen‐, sulfur‐, and nitrogen‐containing nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: A Cascade Reaction of Azolopyrimidines. Synthesis of Unusual Indole and Azaindole Derivatives.
Authors: Moron Maria , Burgos Carolina , Alvarez‐Builla Julio , Salgado Antonio , Mosquera Marta E. G. , Vaquero Juan J.
Published: January 2013

The reaction of bromo‐substituted methyl carboxylates (I) with amines (II) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Methodology to Access Tetrahydrodipyridoimidazole Derivatives.
Authors: El Bousmaqui Mohamed , Donnier‐Marechal Marion , Larchanche Paul‐Emmanuel , Melnyk Patricia , Carato Pascal
Published: January 2013

Title compounds (VI) are synthesized starting from amine (I) and aldehyde (II) using Bischler—Napieralski or Pictet—Spengler reactions as key reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Thiazolopyrimidine Derivatives.
Authors: Nagarajaiah H. , Khazi I. M. , Begum Noor Shahina
Published: January 2013

The reaction of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidine‐2‐thiones (I) with α‐haloesters (II)/(IV) leads to corresponding substituted diesters of thiazolopyrimidine (III) or (V), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Pentafluorophenylammonium Triflate‐CuCl2: A Mild, Efficient and Reusable Heterogeneous Catalyst System for Facile Synthesis of 4(3H)‐Quinazolinones under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Montazeri Naser , Pourshamsian Khalil , Yosefiyan Soghra , Momeni Seydeh Samaneh
Published: January 2013

4(3H)‐Quinazolinones (III) are synthesized by cyclocondensation reaction of 2‐aminobenzamide (I) with various aromatic aldehydes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A Catalyst‐Free Reaction in Water: Synthesis of Benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimido[4,5‐d]pyrimidin‐4(1H)‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Liu Junhua , Lei Min , Hu Lihong
Published: January 2013

The three‐component condensation of aminobenzimidazole (I), aromatic aldehydes (II), and cyanoacetamide (III) provides a series of title derivatives like (IV) in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fused N‐Heterocycles via Tandem C—H Activation.
Authors: Meng Ge , Niu Hong‐Ying , Qu Gui‐Rong , Fossey John S. , Li Jian‐Ping , Guo Hai‐Ming
Published: January 2013

The synthesis of fused N‐heterocycles is developed using an intramolecular cyclization of purines or benzimidazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Access to Multisubstituted Pyrimido[4,5‐b][1,4]diazepine‐2,4,6‐trione and Pyrimido[4,5‐b][1,4]diazepine‐2,4‐dione as Novel and Versatile Scaffolds for Drug Discovery.
Authors: Li Gong , Wang Xiaowei , Tian Chao , Zhang Tongbo , Zhang Zhili , Liu Junyi
Published: January 2013

The synthetic strategy for the preparation of the title compounds involves a reductive cyclization of substrates (III) to give intermediates (IV), followed by sequential N‐functionalization and deprotection as is demonstrated for example (VIa).
ChemInform Abstract: Platinum Catalyzed 7‐endo Cyclization of Internal Alkynyl Amides and Its Application to Synthesis of the Caprazamycin Core.
Authors: Tsukano Chihiro , Yokouchi Shinsuke , Girard Anne‐Lise , Kuribayashi Toshifumi , Sakamoto Shota , Enomoto Taro , Takemoto Yoshiji
Published: January 2013

The Pt‐catalyzed cyclization of various internal alkynylamides provides access towards diazepines with excellent 7‐endo selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: New Tetramethylthiepinium (TMTI) for Copper‐Free Click Chemistry.
Authors: King Mathias , Baati Rachid , Wagner Alain
Published: January 2013

The title compound (I) is stable towards amines, alcohols and carboxylic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: A Synthon for a 14‐Electron Ir(III) Species: Catalyst for Highly Selective β‐(Z) Hydrosilylation of Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Iglesias Manuel , Perez‐Nicolas Maria , Sanz Miguel Pablo J. , Polo Victor , Fernandez‐Alvarez Francisco J. , Perez‐Torrente Jesus J. , Oro Luis A.
Published: January 2013

The reaction also works with diphenylmethylsilane and dimethylphenylsilane, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild Method for Indium(III)‐Catalyzed 1,4‐Hydrosilylation of α,β‐Enone Esters with Triethylsilane and Trifluoroacetic Acid.
Authors: Xing Ping , Zang Wei , Huang Zuo‐gang , Zhan Yue‐xiong , Zhu Chuan‐jun , Jiang Biao
Published: January 2013

α‐Keto esters of type (I) undergo an efficient stereoselective hydrosilylation give moderate yields of the desired α,β‐unsaturated esters (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Organocatalytic Thiol Addition to α,β‐Unsaturated α‐Amino Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Breman Arjen C. , Smits Jan M. M. , de Gelder Rene , van Maarseveen Jan H. , Ingemann Steen , Hiemstra Henk
Published: January 2013

The title substrates (I) are prepared and applied in cinchona‐catalyzed asymmetric sulfa‐Michael additions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Unprecedented Ring‐Expanded Nucleosides (RENs) Containing the Imidazo[4,5‐d][1,2,6]oxaidazepine Ring System.
Authors: D'Errico Stefano , Oliviero Giorgia , Amato Jussara , Borbone Nicola , Cerullo Vincenzo , Hemminki Akseli , Piccialli Vincenzo , Zaccaria Sabrina , Mayol Luciano , Piccialli Gennaro
Published: January 2013

Derivatives (IV) inhibit the cell growth of breast cancer derived MCF‐7 cells.
ChemInform Abstract: C—C Cross‐Coupling Reactions of O6‐Alkyl‐2‐haloinosine Derivatives and a One‐Pot Cross‐Coupling/O6‐Deprotection Procedure.
Authors: Gurram Venkateshwarlu , Pottabathini Narender , Garlapati Ramesh , Chaudhary Avinash B. , Patro Balaram , Lakshman Mahesh K.
Published: January 2013

C‐2 Bromo‐ and chloropurine nucleosides (I) are shown to have comparable reactivity in the C—C crosscoupling reaction with aryl or alkylboronic acids; however, cleavage of the O6‐methyl protecting group is known to be problematic.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultralong Monoclinic ZnV2O6 Nanowires: Their Shape‐Controlled Synthesis, New Growth Mechanism, and Highly Reversible Lithium Storage in Lithium‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Sun Yan , Li Chunsheng , Wang Lina , Wang Yaozu , Ma Xuegang , Ma Peijian , Song Mingyang
Published: January 2013

The title nanowires with diameters of about 70—120 nm and lengths of about 80—100 μm are hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous mixtures of Zn(NO3)2 and NH4VO3 (autoclave, 100—200 °C, 3—168 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Photocatalytic Au—Ag2Te Nanomaterials.
Authors: Lin Zong‐Hong , Shih Zih‐Yu , Roy Prathik , Chang Huan‐Tsung
Published: January 2013

Te nanowires, nanopencils, and nanorice materials are prepared by reduction of TeO2 with various concentrations of N2H4 (16, 8, and 4 M, resp.) at 25 °C (nanowires) and 60 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: From Molecular Catalysts to Nanostructured Materials Skeleton Catalysts
Authors: Asao Naoki , Jin Tienan , Tanaka Shinya , Yamamoto Yoshinori
Published: January 2013

Review: 99 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Molybdenum and Rhenium Octahedral Cluster Chalcohalides in Solid State Chemistry: From Condensed to Discrete Cluster Units
Authors: Perrin Andre , Perrin Christiane
Published: January 2013

Review: 266 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxide Ferromagnetic Semiconductors. Coatings and Films
Authors: Nipan G. D. , Stognij A. I. , Ketsko V. A.
Published: January 2013

Review: 160 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Catalytic Properties of Bimetallic Nanomaterials with Various Architectures
Authors: Liu Xiangwen , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong
Published: January 2013

Review: 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymatic Glycosylation of Small Molecules: Challenging Substrates Require Tailored Catalysts
Authors: Desmet Tom , Soetaert Wim , Bojarova Pavla , Kren Vladimir , Dijkhuizen Lubbert , Eastwick‐Field Vanessa , Schiller Alexander
Published: January 2013

Review: 215 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Small and Medium Size Monocyclic Hydroxamic Acids
Authors: Trapencieris P. , Strazdina J. , Bertrand P.
Published: January 2013

Review: 56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Self‐Assembled Monolayers on Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Pieters Gregory , Prins Leonard J.
Published: January 2013

Review: 42 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: π‐Electron‐System‐Layered Polymers Based on [2.2]Paracyclophane
Authors: Morisaki Yasuhiro , Chujo Yoshiki
Published: January 2013

Review: synthesis and optical properties; 27 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mesomeric Betaines and N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes of Pyrazole and Indazole
Authors: Schmidt Andreas , Guan Zong
Published: January 2013

Review: about 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Strategies for Natural Products Containing Chroman Spiroketals
Authors: Green Jason C. , Burnett, G. Leslie IV , Pettus Thomas R. R.
Published: January 2013

Review: 41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Light‐Controlled Tools
Authors: Brieke Clara , Rohrbach Falk , Gottschalk Alexander , Mayer Guenter , Heckel Alexander
Published: January 2013

Review: 404 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Conversion of Biomass‐Derived Carbohydrates into Fuels and Chemicals via Furanic Aldehydes
Authors: Hu Lei , Zhao Geng , Hao Weiwei , Tang Xing , Sun Yong , Lin Lu , Liu Shijie
Published: January 2013

Review: 263 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Case Study of Single‐Pill Combination Therapy: The Ezetimibe/Simvastatin Combination for Treatment of Hyperlipidemia
Authors: Huang Xianhai , Chen David Y.‐K.
Published: January 2013

Review: 104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Colloidal Nanoparticle Clusters: Functional Materials by Design
Authors: Lu Zhenda , Yin Yadong
Published: January 2013

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Accurate Measurement of Small J Coupling
Authors: Chen Zhong , Huang Yuqing , Lin Yanqin , Cai Shuhui
Published: January 2013

Review: 99 refs.
Compression Behavior of Moist Spherical Zeolite 4A Granules
Authors: Müller Peter , Tomas Jürgen
Published: January 2013

Das Materialverhalten von drei Partikelgrößen elastisch‐plastischer Zeolith 4A‐Granulate wurde experimentell mittels Druckbeanspruchung untersucht. Die dabei aufgezeichneten Kraft‐Weg‐Kurven wurden mithilfe mechanischer Modelle aus der Literatur angepasst. Bestimmt wurde zudem der Einfluss der Partikelgröße und der Feuchtebeladung auf das Materialverhalten. Ermittelt wurden ebenfalls die spezifischen Bruchenergieverteilungen und die energetisch äquivalenten Bruchgeschwindigkeitsverteilungen. Die äquivalente Bruchgeschwindigkeit entspricht bei Prallbeanspruchung der Aufprallgeschwindigkeit der Granulate auf eine steife Wand, bei der Bruch eintreten würde.
Path Analysis for Soil Urease Activities and Nutrient Contents in a Mountain Valley Wetland, China
Authors: Bai Junhong , Xu Huifeng , Xiao Rong , Gao Haifeng , Zhang Kejiang , Ding Qiuyi
Published: January 2013

Soil profiles from 0 to 90 cm depth were collected to investigate temporal dynamics and profile variations in soil urease activities in Carex meyeriana wetland and to capture the direct and indirect effects of soil nutrients on soil urease activities in the Changbai Mountain valley wetland of China during the periods from 2002 to 2003. Our results showed that soil urease activities decreased gradually with increasing depth along soil profiles with higher coefficients of variation in the upper soils, which were positively correlated with microorganism numbers. Soil urease activities during the growing season from May to September were higher than those in April. Path analysis showed that both NO3−–N and dissolved Mg (DMg) had direct positive effects on soil urease activities and they had the highest direct path coefficients and determination coefficients compared to other soil nutrients. Total contents of Cu and Fe showed direct and indirect positive effects on soil urease activities through NO3−–N, whereas they showed negative indirect effects through DMg. Despite that total Mg and dissolved K showed direct adverse effects on soil urease activities, the indirect effects through NO3−–N were much higher. In contrast, total Zn showed both direct and indirect adverse effects on this enzyme. However, the positive indirect effects of soil organic matter, total N, and total P on soil urease activities were more significant than their direct effects. The findings of this work had a potential important role in monitoring soil biological quality in N‐limited mountain valley wetland ecosystems.
Surface‐Tension‐Confined Microfluidics and Their Applications
Authors: You Inseong , Yun Nayeon , Lee Haeshin
Published: January 2013

This article is a brief overview of the emerging microfluidic systems called surface‐tension‐confined microfluidic (STCM) devices. STCM devices utilize surface energy that can control the movement of fluid droplets. Unlike conventional poly(dimethylsiloxane)‐based microfluidics which confine the movement of fluids by three‐dimensional (3D) microchannels, STCM systems provide two‐dimensional (2D) platforms for microfluidics. A variety of STCM devices have been prepared by various micro‐/nanofabrication strategies. Advantages of STCM devices over conventional microfluidics are significant reduction of energy consumption during device operation, facile introduction of fluids onto 2D microchannels without the use of a micropump, increased flow rate in a special type of STCM device, among others. Thus, STCM devices can be excellent alternatives for certain areas in microfluidics. In this Minireview, fabrication methods, operating modes, and applications of STCM devices are introduced.
From Biomass to Chemicals: Synthesis of Precursors of Biodegradable Surfactants from 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Arias K. S. , Al‐Resayes Saud I. , Climent Maria J. , Corma Avelino , Iborra Sara
Published: January 2013

The selective acetalization of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) with long‐chain alkyl alcohols has been performed to obtain precursors of molecules with surfactant properties. If direct acetalization of HMF with n‐octanol is performed in the presence of strong acids (homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts), an increase in etherification versus acetalization occurs. Beta zeolite catalyzes both reactions. However, if the acidity of a zeolite (Beta) was controlled by partial exchange of H+ with Na+, the dioctyl acetal of HMF can be achieved in 95 % yield by transacetalization. It is possible to achieve a high yield in a very short reaction time through a two‐step one‐pot process, which includes the synthesis of the dimethyl acetal of HMF followed by transacetalization with n‐octanol. The one‐pot process could be extended to other alcohols that contain 6–12 carbon atoms to afford 87–98 % yield of the corresponding dialkyl acetal with a selectivity higher than 96 %. The optimized catalyst with an adequate Na content (1.5NaBeta) could be recycled without loss of activity or selectivity.
Time‐Resolved Measurements of Plasma Properties Using Electrostatic Probes in the Cross‐Field Discharge of a Hall Effect Thruster
Authors: Dannenmayer K. , Kudrna P. , Tichý M. , Mazouffre S.
Published: January 2013

Time‐resolved measurements of the plasma parameters are performed in the plume of a cross‐field discharge. The plasma potential is measured with a cylindrical Langmuir probe and an emissive probe. The electron temperature and density are measured with a cylindrical Langmuir probe. The cross‐field discharge is maintained in a harmonic oscillation regime to guarantee reproducible conditions for all measurements (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electric Probe Measurements at Edge Region During H‐Mode Discharges in KSTAR
Authors: Bak J.G. , Oh Y.S. , Kim H.S. , Hahn S.H. , Yoon S.W. , Jeon Y.M. , Xiao W.W. , Ko W.H. , Kim W.C. , Kwak J.G. , Woo H.J. , Chung K.S. , the KSTAR project team
Published: January 2013

Electrical probe measurements are carried out at the scrape‐off‐layer (SOL) and divertor regions in order to investigate the characteristics of edge plasmas during H‐mode discharges in the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) device. Radial profiles of plasma parameters such as electron temperature Te, plasma density ne, and parallel flow velocity v‖ are measured by using a fast reciprocating Langmuir probe assembly (FRLPA) at the SOL region. From the FRLPA measurements, it is found that the decay length of temperature λTe and that of density λne are 2 ∼ 4 cm and 1 ∼ 3 cm, respectively. The magnitude of v‖ near the last closed flux surface (LCFS) is 4 ∼ 15 km/s. The radial flux due to edge turbulence at the SOL region is investigated by using spectra analysis on electrostatic fluctuation levels such as ion saturation current Ĩis and floating potential $ \tilde{\rm V}_f$ obtained from the FRLPA measurement. The value of the flux is estimated as ∼ 1020 particle m−2 s −1 near the LCFS. The poloidal distribution of the ion saturation current density jis is measured by fixed edge Langmuir probe array (ELPA) at the divertor region, and it is found that the positions of strike points from the ELPA measurement agree well with those reconstructed from the EFIT result using magnetic diagnostic data. From the spectrum analysis on the ELPA measurements at the divertor region during edge localized modes (ELMs) control in the H‐mode discharges, it is observed that the magnitude of $ \tilde{\rm j}_{is}$(ω) near strike point decreases when the ELMs are suppressed or mitigated (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the Use of a Retarding Field Energy Analyzer for Plasma Flow Analysis
Authors: Fredriksen Å. , Miloch W. J. , Gulbrandsen N. , Mishra L. N.
Published: January 2013

Measurements of plasma flow are of key interest in a number of plasma environments and applications. In laboratory magnetized plasmas, the directional Langmuir or Mach probe is a well‐proven ‘in‐situ’ diagnostic tool to obtain the flow velocity. However, in non‐magnetized or weakly magnetized plasmas, this method does not readily yield reliable velocity measurements, as it has been shown by numerical and experimental studies that the collection of upstream ions to the rearward probe surface can be significant. In this study, we have utilized the analysis of data from 3D PIC simulations [W. J. Miloch, Plasma Phys. Contr. Fusion 52, 124004 (2010)] of ion velocity distributions in the vicinity of a negatively biased object embedded in a collision‐less, source‐free plasma with and without flow. The simulations allow us to study how the grounded probe housing of a retarding field ion energy analyzer (RFEA) affects the distribution of ions and their collection at different angles with flowing, electropositive plasma. We find that an analysis based on derived plasma potential at different angles with the flow, may provide more consistent results than the Mach probe theory in our weakly magnetized case. Comparisons are carried out with RFEA measurements in an inductively coupled helicon plasma (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Single cell network profiling assay in bladder cancer
Authors: Covey Todd M. , Vira Manish A. , Westfall Matt , Gulrajani Michael , Cholankeril Michelle , Okhunov Zhamshid , Levey Helen R. , Marimpietri Carol , Hawtin Rachael , Fields Scott Z. , Cesano Alessandra
Published: January 2013

The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of applying the single cell network profiling (SCNP) assay to the examination of signaling networks in epithelial cancer cells, using bladder washings from 29 bladder cancer (BC) and 15 nonbladder cancer (NC) subjects. This report describes the methods we developed to detect rare epithelial cells (within the cells we collected from bladder washings), distinguish cancer cells from normal epithelial cells, and reproducibly quantify signaling within these low frequency cancer cells. Specifically, antibodies against CD45, cytokeratin, EpCAM, and cleaved‐PARP (cPARP) were used to differentiate nonapoptotic epithelial cells from leukocytes, while measurements of DNA content to determine aneuploidy (DAPI stain) allowed for distinction between tumor and normal epithelial cells. Signaling activity in the PI3K and MAPK pathways was assessed by measuring intracellular levels of p‐AKT and p‐ERK at baseline and in response to pathway modulation; 66% (N = 19) of BC samples and 27% (N = 4) of NC samples met the “evaluable” criteria, i.e., at least 400,000 total cells available upon sample receipt with >2% of cells showing an epithelial phenotype. The majority of epithelial cells detected in BC samples were nonapoptotic and all signaling data were generated from identified cPARP negative cells. In four of 19 BC samples but in none of the NC specimens, SCNP assay identified epithelial cancer cells with a quantifiable increase in epidermal growth factor‐induced p‐AKT and p‐ERK levels. Furthermore, preincubation with the PI3K inhibitor GDC‐0941 reduced or completely inhibited basal and epidermal growth factor‐induced p‐AKT but, as expected, had no effect on p‐ERK levels. This study demonstrates the feasibility of applying SCNP assay using multiparametric flow cytometry to the functional characterization of rare, bladder cancer cells collected from bladder washing. Following assay standardization, this method could potentially serve as a tool for disease characterization and drug development in bladder cancer and other solid tumors. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Urgent call for the third wish
Authors: Roth Jesse , Holloszy John O.
Published: January 2013

The people afflicted with obesity and its consequences need a menu of low‐cost programmes to mitigate the over‐nutrition and under‐activity that underlie their condition. This editorial commentary points out the multiple merits (and shortcomings) of the Nordic walking – with ski poles – presented in an accompanying article. The Nordic exercise programme is then examined more broadly in the context of the general principles and limitations of exercise programmes – with and without calorie control – as a guide to future innovations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overview of reviews in child health: evidence synthesis and the knowledge base for a specific population
Authors: Thomson Denise , Foisy Michelle , Oleszczuk Marta , Wingert Aireen , Chisholm Annabritt , Hartling Lisa
Published: January 2013

Background

Overviews of reviews are an evolving form of evidence synthesis. The Cochrane Child Health Field has been producing overviews since 2006, during which time the methods that have been used have changed, both due to the development of guidance within The Cochrane Collaboration and to the decisions made by individual author teams. This paper studies the first 29 overviews published in EBCH.

Objectives

To describe some aspects of the approaches taken in EBCH overviews to producing evidence syntheses relevant to the healthcare needs of children; to highlight the contribution that overviews can make to the knowledge base for treatment for a particular population.

Methods

Data was extracted on: whether the overview included systematic review (SR) data only, or also data from individual trials not present in the included SRs; name(s) of the Cochrane Review Group (CRG) that prepared the included SRs; topics of the overviews as compared to the topics of the included reviews; age‐subgroup analyses presented in the overviews.

Results

In 23 overviews, all published in 2012, the authors included trial data as well as SR data; two overviews addressed conditions not explicitly addressed by the included reviews; three overviews included pre‐specified age‐subgroup analyses.

Discussion

The aim of clinical relevance has been achieved by means such as: drawing from reviews produced by multiple CRGs; using SR evidence to explore clinically relevant topics that may not match exactly with the topics covered by the SRs; ensuring that the evidence in overviews is as up to date as possible by redoing searches and including trials not incorporated in the included SRs; and, where permitted by the data, using age‐subgroup analyses to present the data in a way which matches the stages of childhood development.

Conclusion

Overview authors are dependent on the nature of the data and methods reported in the included SRs. This suggests a need for further study about how SRs could be conducted in order to facilitate the conduct of overviews. Copyright © 2013 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentary on ‘Prophylactic phototherapy for preventing jaundice in preterm or low birth weight infants’
Authors: Davies Mark W.
Published: January 2013

This is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as:Okwundu CI, Okoromah CAN, Shah PS. Prophylactic phototherapy for preventing jaundice in preterm or low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD007966. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007966.pub2. Copyright © 2013 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Erratum: The Cochrane Library and treatment of patent ductus arteriosus: an overview of reviews
Authors: Harrold J. , Lacaze‐Masmonteil T. , Hartling L. , Oleszczuk M.
Published: January 2013

The above article was published in EBCH 7:1185–1195 (2012). DOI:10.1002/ebch.1855 Copyright © 2013 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Relative performance of hybrid nestlings inFicedulaflycatchers: a translocation experiment
Authors: Vallin Niclas , Nonaka Yuki , Feng Jue , Qvarnström Anna
Published: January 2013

Ecological speciation predicts that hybrids should experience relatively low fitness in the local environments of their parental species. In this study, we performed a translocation experiment of nestling hybrids between collared and pied flycatchers into the nests of conspecific pairs of their parental species. Our aim was to compare the performance of hybrids with purebred nestlings. Nestling collared flycatchers are known to beg and grow faster than nestling pied flycatchers under favorable conditions, but to experience higher mortality than nestling pied flycatchers under food limitation. The experiment was performed relatively late in the breeding season when food is limited. If hybrid nestlings have an intermediate growth potential and begging intensity, we expected them to beg and grow faster, but also to experience lower survival than pied flycatchers. In comparison with nestling collared flycatchers, we expected them to beg and grow slower, but to survive better. We found that nestling collared flycatchers indeed begged significantly faster and experienced higher mortality than nestling hybrids. Moreover, nestling hybrids had higher weight and tended to beg faster than nestling pied flycatchers, but we did not detect a difference in survival between the latter two groups of nestlings. We conclude that hybridFicedulanestlings appear to have a better intrinsic adaptation to food limitation late in the breeding season compared with nestling collared flycatchers. We discuss possible implications for gene flow between the two species.
Generation of both cortical and Aire+ medullary thymic epithelial compartments from CD205+ progenitors
Authors: Baik Song , Jenkinson Eric J. , Lane Peter J. L. , Anderson Graham , Jenkinson William E.
Published: January 2013

In the adult thymus, the development of self‐tolerant thymocytes requires interactions with thymic epithelial cells (TECs). Although both cortical and medullary TECs (cTECs/mTECs) are known to arise from common bipotent TEC progenitors, the phenotype of these progenitors and the timing of the emergence of these distinct lineages remain unclear. Here, we have investigated the phenotype and developmental properties of bipotent TEC progenitors during cTEC/mTEC lineage development. We show that TEC progenitors can undergo a stepwise acquisition of first cTEC and then mTEC hallmarks, resulting in the emergence of a progenitor population simultaneously expressing the cTEC marker CD205 and the mTEC regulator Receptor Activator of NF‐κB (RANK). In vivo analysis reveals the capacity of CD205+ TECs to generate functionally competent cortical and medullary microenvironments containing both cTECs and Aire+ mTECs. Thus, TEC development involves a stage in which bipotent progenitors can co‐express hallmarks of the cTEC and mTEC lineages through sequential acquisition, arguing against a simple binary model in which both lineages diverge simultaneously from bipotent lineage negative TEC progenitors. Rather, our data reveal an unexpected overlap in the phenotypic properties of these bipotent TECs with their lineage‐restricted counterparts.
The Reactivity of Molybdenum Pentachloride with Ester Molecules: Ester Activation, Metal Reduction, and Synthesis of 1D Coordination Polymers
Authors: Dolci Sara , Marchetti Fabio , Pampaloni Guido , Zacchini Stefano
Published: January 2013

The reactions of Mo2Cl10 (1) with stoichiometric amounts of a variety of molecules containing the ester functionality in anhydrous noncoordinating solvents afforded metal compounds, which were isolated in the solid state and characterized. The 1:4 molar reactions of 1 with methyl formate (HCO2Me), methyl methoxyacetate (MeOCH2CO2Me) and methyl D,L‐lactate [D,L‐HOCH(Me)CO2Me] gave the dinuclear complex [MoOCl3{O=C(H)OMe}]2 (2) and the mononuclear complexes MoOCl3[κ2‐O=C(OMe)CH2OMe] (6a) and MoOCl3[κ2‐O=C(OMe)CH(Me)OH] (6b), respectively. According to NMR/GC–MS analyses, activation of the ester moiety in part of the organic material took place in distinct cases. The molybdenum(IV) 1D coordination polymers [MoCl4‐κ2‐{trans‐(CO2R)CH=CH(CO2R)}]n (R = Me, 3a; R = Et, 3b) were prepared by treatment of 1 with 2 equiv. of alkyl fumarates. In contrast, the mononuclear MoIV complexes MoCl4[κ2‐CH2(CO2Me)2] (4) and MoCl4[κ2‐{cis‐(CO2Me)CH=CH(CO2Me)}] (5) were obtained from 1/CH2(CO2Me)2 and 1/cis‐maleate, respectively. The molecular structures of 2, 3a, 3b, 4, 6a and 6b were ascertained by X‐ray diffraction studies.
Oxidative Dry‐Reforming of Biogas: Reactor Design and SOFC System Integration
Authors: Jahn Matthias , Heddrich Marc , Weder Aniko , Reichelt Erik , Lange Rüdiger
Published: January 2013

Biogas is an attractive fuel for solid oxide fuel cell applications because of the high CO2 content. Its composition allows a high electrical efficiency without adding external water to the system. Because of the CO2 reforming reaction only a very small amount of air is needed for partial oxidation, which is why the process could be called oxidative dry‐reforming. Herein, this concept is demonstrated by a thermodynamic analysis of the process and experimental system and component results. In order to realize a high yield of electrical power from the SOFC stack, a large flow of chemical energy into the stack is needed. To achieve this goal the efficiency of the reforming process is essential. With optimized reforming conditions it is possible to increase the chemical energy content of the fuel by adding an ample amount of heat to the reforming step. To achieve this in practice, the necessary heat flow to the reformer has to be calculated for a given operating temperature. Based on these thermodynamic calculations a reactor was built and tested. After successful laboratory tests the reactor was integrated into an SOFC system, where the necessary heat for the reforming step was supplied by the afterburner. The results of the component tests were verified under system conditions. Based on this system concept a high value for the electrical efficiency (ηel>0.5) of the system was achieved.
Initial hydro‐geomorphic development and rill network evolution in an artificial catchment
Authors: Schneider Anna , Gerke Horst H. , Maurer Thomas , Nenov Rossen
Published: January 2013

The formation of erosion rills and gullies is a critical step in land surface development, but possibilities to study initial unaffected surface development under natural conditions and with well‐defined initial and boundary conditions are rare. The objective of this study was to characterize rill network development from ’point zero’ in the artificially‐created catchment ‘Hühnerwasser’. To ensure unaffected development, the study was largely restricted to the analysis of remotely‐sensed data. We analyzed a series of photogrammetry‐based digital elevation models (DEMs) for 10 points in time, over a period of five years and beginning with the initial state. The evolving erosion rill network was quantitatively described based on mapping from aerial photographs. DEMs and rill network maps were combined to specifically analyze the development of morphometry for different parts of the network and to characterize energy dissipation and connectivity. The restriction to remote‐sensing data did not allow for analyzing specific processes governing rill network development, nevertheless, two major development phases could be characterized. We observed a phase of growth of the rill network along with variations in drainage patterns during the first two years of development and a subsequent phase of reduction of its area along with comparably stable patterns. Region‐specific analysis of morphometry indicates that, besides effects of changing sediment characteristics and vegetation cover development, locally evolving hydro‐geomorphic feedback cycles influenced this development. Results show an increasing similarity of overall statistical characteristics (e.g. drainage density) for two parts of the catchment, but a persistent influence of initial conditions on specific rill geometry. The observed development towards higher orderliness and increased connectivity is consistent with experiments and concepts on drainage network evolution across scales; however, we did not observe major influences of rill piracy and cross grading or a reduction of energy dissipation with network development. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Free fatty acids repress small heterodimer partner (SHP) activation and adiponectin counteracts bile acid-induced liver injury in superobese patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Bechmann Lars P. , Kocabayoglu Peri , Sowa Jan-Peter , Sydor Svenja , Best Jan , Schlattjan Martin , Beilfuss Anja , Schmitt Johannes , Hannivoort Rebekka A. , Kilicarslan Alpaslan , Rust Christian , Berr Frieder , Tschopp Oliver , Gerken Guido , Friedman Scott L. , Geier Andreas , Canbay Ali
Published: January 2013

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in industrialized countries and may proceed to steatohepatitis (NASH). Apoptosis and free fatty acid (FFA)-induced lipotoxicity are important features of NASH pathogenesis. We have shown a hepatoprotective effect of adiponectin in steatotic livers of hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients and recent data links bile acid (BA) metabolism to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. The aim of this study was to identify potential interactions between BA and FFA metabolism in NAFLD. Liver biopsies and serum samples from 113 morbidly obese patients receiving bariatric surgery, healthy individuals, and moderately obese NAFLD patients were studied. Serum FFA, BA, and M30 were increased in NASH versus simple steatosis, while adiponectin was significantly decreased. The NAFLD activity score (NAS) score correlated with BA levels and reversely with adiponectin. Adiponectin reversely correlated with CD95/Fas messenger RNA (mRNA) and hepatocellular apoptosis. The BA transporter high-affinity Na+/taurocholate cotransporter (NTCP) and the BA synthesizing enzyme cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) were significantly up-regulated in obese patients and hepatoma cells exposed to FFA. Up-regulation of NTCP and CYP7A1 indicate failure to activate small heterodimer partner (SHP) upon farnesoid X receptor (FXR) stimulation by increasing BA concentrations. In line with the NAS score, adiponectin levels were reversely correlated with BA levels. Adiponectin correlated with NTCP and affects Cyp7A1 expression both

in vivo

and

in vitro

.

Conclusion:

BA synthesis and serum BA levels correlated with disease severity in NAFLD, while adiponectin is reversely correlated. FFA exposure prevented SHP-mediated repression of NTCP and Cyp7A1 expression, which lead to increased BA synthesis and uptake. In NASH, BA accumulation induced hepatocyte cell death and late FXR activation failed to prevent hepatocyte injury due to decreased adiponectin levels. Early treatment with FXR ligands and/or adiponectin-receptor agonists might prevent NASH.
Retinol Binding Protein 4 Stimulates Hepatic Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein 1 and Increases Lipogenesis Through the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Coactivator 1β-Dependent Pathway
Authors: Xia Min , Liu Yan , Guo Honghui , Wang Duan , Wang Yun , Ling Wenhua
Published: January 2013

Recent studies have revealed the essential role of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) in insulin resistance. However, the impact of RBP4 on aberrant lipogenesis, the common hepatic manifestation in insulin resistance states, and the underlying mechanism remain elusive. The present study was designed to examine the effect of RBP4 on sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP-1) and hepatic lipogenesis. Treatment with human retinol-bound RBP4 (holo-RBP4) significantly induced intracellular triglyceride (TAG) synthesis in HepG2 cells and this effect is retinol-independent. Furthermore, RBP4 treatment enhanced the levels of mature SREBP-1 and its nuclear translocation, thereby increasing the expression of lipogenic genes, including fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase-1 (ACC-1), and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT-2). Stimulation of HepG2 cells with RBP4 strongly up-regulated the expression of transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1β (PGC-1β) at both the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels. The transcriptional activation of PGC-1β is necessary and sufficient for the transcriptional activation of SREBP-1 in response to RBP4. The cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-response element binding protein (CREB) was identified as the target transcription factor involved in the RBP4-mediated up-regulation of PGC-1β transcription as a result of phosphorylation on Ser133. Furthermore,

in vivo

RBP4 infusion induced SREBP-1c activation and consequently accelerated hepatic lipogenesis and plasma TAG in C57BL/6J mice, a phenomenon not observed in

Ppargc1b

knockout mice.

Conclusion:

These findings reveal a novel mechanism by which RBP4 achieves its effects on hepatic lipid metabolism. (HEPATOLOGY 2013;8:564-575)
p53 regulates a mitotic transcription program and determines ploidy in normal mouse liver
Authors: Kurinna Svitlana , Stratton Sabrina A. , Coban Zeynep , Schumacher Jill M. , Grompe Markus , Duncan Andrew W. , Barton Michelle Craig
Published: January 2013

Functions of p53 during mitosis reportedly include prevention of polyploidy and transmission of aberrant chromosomes. However, whether p53 plays these roles during genomic surveillance

in vivo

and, if so, whether this is done via direct or indirect means remain unknown. The ability of normal, mature hepatocytes to respond to stimuli, reenter the cell cycle, and regenerate liver mass offers an ideal setting to assess mitosis

in vivo

. In quiescent liver, normally high ploidy levels in adult mice increased with loss of p53. Following partial hepatectomy, p53−/− hepatocytes exhibited early entry into the cell cycle and prolonged proliferation with an increased number of polyploid mitoses. Ploidy levels increased during regeneration of both wild-type (WT) and p53−/− hepatocytes, but only WT hepatocytes were able to dynamically resolve ploidy levels and return to normal by the end of regeneration. We identified multiple cell cycle and mitotic regulators, including

Foxm1

,

Aurka

,

Lats2

,

Plk2

, and

Plk4

, as directly regulated by chromatin interactions of p53

in vivo

. Over a time course of regeneration, direct and indirect regulation of expression by p53 is mediated in a gene-specific manner.

Conclusion :

Our results show that p53 plays a role in mitotic fidelity and ploidy resolution in hepatocytes of normal and regenerative liver.
Reticulon 4B (Nogo-B) facilitates hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration in mice
Authors: Gao Lili , Utsumi Teruo , Tashiro Keitaro , Liu Bo , Zhang Dahai , Swenson Scott E. , Iwakiri Yasuko
Published: January 2013

Nogo-B, also known as reticulon 4B, promotes liver fibrosis and cirrhosis by facilitating the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway in activated hepatic stellate cells. The aim of this study was to determine the role of Nogo-B in hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration. Partial hepatectomy (PHx, 70% resection) was performed in male wild-type (WT) and Nogo-A/B knockout mice (referred to as Nogo-B KO mice). Remnant livers were isolated 2 hours, 5 hours, and 1, 2, 3, 7, and 14 days after PHx. Hepatocyte proliferation was assessed by Ki67 labeling index. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for genes known to be involved in liver regeneration. Hepatocytes isolated from WT and Nogo-B KO mice were used to examine the role of Nogo-B in interleukin-6 (IL-6), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and TGF-β signaling. Nogo-B protein levels increased in the regenerating livers in a time-dependent manner after PHx. Specifically, Nogo-B expression in hepatocytes gradually spread from the periportal toward the central areas by 7 days after PHx, but receded notably by 14 days. Nogo-B facilitated IL-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling, increased HGF-induced but not EGF-induced hepatocyte proliferation, and tended to reduce TGF-β1–induced suppression of hepatocyte proliferation in cultured hepatocytes. Lack of Nogo-B significantly induced TGF-β1 and inhibitor of DNA binding expression 1 day after PHx and IL-6 and EGF expression 2 days after PHx. Lack of Nogo-B delayed hepatocyte proliferation but did not affect the liver-to-body ratio in the regenerative process.

Conclusion:

Nogo-B expression in hepatocytes facilitates hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration.
Cross–diffusion effects on mixed convection from an exponentially stretching surface in non–Darcy porous medium
Authors: Srinivasacharya D. , RamReddy Ch.
Published: January 2013

The Soret and Dufour effects on mixed convection flow and heat and mass transfers from an exponentially stretching surface in a quiescent fluid–saturated non–Darcy porous medium is studied. Stretching velocity, wall temperature, and wall concentration are assumed to have specific exponential function forms. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and then solved numerically using an implicit finite difference scheme known as the Keller–box method. The present results are found to be in excellent agreement with previously published work on various special cases of the problem. The influence of buoyancy, Soret and Dufour numbers, and Darcy and non–Darcy parameters on the convective transport in the boundary layer region is analyzed. Also, the numerical values of the skin friction, heat, and mass transfer coefficients for different values of governing parameters are also tabulated. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.21032
Smads and cell fate: Distinct roles in specification, development, and tumorigenesis in the testis
Authors: Itman Catherine , Loveland Kate L.
Published: January 2013

According to the World Health Organization, a fertile man typically has a sperm count of 15 million per milliliter of semen. This spermatogenic capacity is determined by appropriate specification, proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of somatic and germ cells, events that begin during fetal development and continue throughout adulthood. These processes are orchestrated by the integration of signaling inputs from hormones and growth factors, including those of several transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily ligands. This review summarizes current knowledge of the Smad proteins, which serve functions central to fertility by transducing TGFβ superfamily ligand signals in the testis. The importance of regulated Smad expression and differential utilization in signal transduction for fine‐tuning cellular responses to ligands is discussed. We evaluate how primary cell culture studies and analyses of genetically modified mice have revealed distinct roles for specific Smads in primordial germ cell lineage specification, in determining the pace of testicular development and in controlling testicular tumorigenesis. This review also addresses the new insights gained from examining heterozygous mice that exhibit intriguing gene‐dosage effects, outcomes that provide a new understanding of how TGFβ superfamily ligands influence testis development and function. Finally, we consider the growing understanding that Smads mediate cross‐talk with hormones to play a central role in determining male fertility and reproductive health. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(2)85–97, 2013.
Structural insights into cofactor recognition of yeast mitochondria 3‐oxoacyl‐ACP reductase OAR1
Authors: Zhang YuJie , Ning FangKun , Li Xu , Teng MaiKun
Published: January 2013

3‐Oxoacyl‐(acyl‐carrier‐protein) reductase (OAR1 or FabG, EC.1.1.1.100) is responsible for the first reductive step in fatty acid biosynthesis using Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) as a cofactor. Recent studies suggest there is a fatty acid synthetase II pathway that consists of a series of separate enzymes in yeast mitochondrion. Here, we present the crystal structure of the yeast mitochondria OAR1 (ymtOAR1) alone in apo‐form at 2.60 Å and complexed with NADPH at 2.10 Å resolution. Unlike the reported tetrameric OARs, ymtOAR1 forms a homodimer due to the different fold. The enzyme generates conformational changes upon NADPH binding to the active site. Moreover, two different cofactor‐binding patterns are observed from two forms of complex crystals, and structural analysis implies the adenine end of cofactor may recognize enzyme prior to nicotinaminde end. Additionally, biochemical studies suggest Arg14 is important for cofactor recognition of ymtOAR1. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(2)154–162, 2013.