bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement of leakage, magnetic and magnetodielectric properties in cobalt doped gallium ferrite
Authors: Jana Ishita , Hait Swarnali , Mandal Kalyan
Published: September 2023

Gallium ferrite (GFO) is a magnetoelectric (ME) material, capturing growing attention due to its strong ME coupling at room temperature. However, the application of the material in practical use is hindered due to its high leakage. In this work, the effects of cobalt (Co) substitution at the iron (Fe) sites of GaFe1−x
Co
x
O3 (0.0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.1) polycrystals on the structure, electric and magnetic properties are investigated in detail. 5 at. wt.% substitution (x = 0.05) with cobalt ions achieves a reduction in leakage current density by four orders of magnitude due to reduced hopping between Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions and suppression of the oxygen vacancy formation. This is supported by higher dielectric constant and lower dielectric loss, as well as a significant difference between grain and grain boundary resistances. Two-phase-like magnetic behavior in magnetic hysteresis loop with enhanced magnetization and two magnetic transition temperatures are observed in the doped samples. All samples exhibited an increase in the magnetodielectric factor, indicating enhanced coupling between magnetic and electrical parameters. By concurrently increasing dielectric, magnetic, and coupling between them, this study describes a viable technique for lowering the most significant impediment to GFO’s usage as a ME device.
Role of V–V dimerization on electronic and magnetic properties of ilmenite-type CoVO3
Authors: Cui Rui , Jiang Hongping , Xu Yuanhui , Yu Shengxue , Sun Keju , Hao Xianfeng
Published: September 2023

Structural, electronic and magnetic properties of ilmenite-type CoVO3 have been explored via the generalized gradient approximation + effective Hubbard U
eff correction, in the framework of density functional theory. Our results indicate that high temperature rhombohedral

R

3
ˉ

phase is metallic with oxidation states and electronic configurations Co2+ (

t

2
g

↑
3

e
g

↑
2

t

2
g

↓
2

e
g

↓
0

), V4+ (

t

2
g

↑
1

e
g

↑
0

t

2
g

↓
0

e
g

↓
0

), respectively, while low temperature triclinic

P

1
ˉ

phase, induced from spin-Peierls transition in the V–V dimerization manner, is insulating, maintaining charge and electronic states unchanged. Furthermore, the A-type antiferromagnetic ordering, where the ferromagnetic honeycomb layers are anti-aligned along the stacking axis, is identified to be the magnetic ground state for the low temperature phase, in nice agreement with experimental findings, analogous to CoTiO3. The unexpected intralayer ferromagnetic couplings can be attributed to the intraorbital t2g
−t2g
exchange coupling, which was assumed to be small earlier and ignored, but actually large in honeycomb cobaltates with 3d
7 electronic configuration. In addition, the computed magnetic moment on Co2+ ion ranges from 2.5 to 2.7 μ
B, Hubbard U
eff dependent, close to ideal S = 3/2 state, rather than the anticipated J
eff = 1/2 state. Furthermore, the supplemental calculations, taking spin-orbit coupling (SOC) into account, uncover faint orbital moments of 0.21–0.27 μ
B at the Co site, illustrating the insignificance of SOC. Except for the inevitable trigonal distortions, the excessive structural distortion triggered by the formation V–V dimerization, i.e. the breaking of trigonal symmetry around Co2+, further lifts the degeneracy of t
2g
orbitals and increases crystal field splitting, driving it away from potential candidates for realizing Kitaev model physics.
First-principles study on the specific heat jump in the glass transition of silica glass and the Prigogine-Defay ratio
Authors: Shirai Koun , Watanabe Kota , Momida Hiroyoshi , Hyun Sangil
Published: September 2023

The most important characteristic of glass transition is a jump in the specific heat

Δ

C

p

. Despite its significance, no standard theory exists to describe it. In this study, first-principles molecular-dynamics simulations are used to describe the glass transition of silica glass. The novel view that state variables are extended to include the equilibrium positions of atoms

{

R

ˉ

j

}

is fully used in analyzing the simulation results. Decomposing the internal energy into three components (structural, phonon, and thermal expansion energies) reveals that the jump

Δ

C

p

of silica glass is entirely determined by the component of structural energy. The reason for the small

Δ

C

p

is its high glass-transition temperature, which makes the fluctuation in the structural energy insensitive to the temperature change. This significantly affects how the Prigogine-Defay ratio Π is interpreted, which was previously unknown. The ratio Π represents the ratio of the total energy change to the contribution of thermal expansion energy at the glass transition. The general property, Π> 1, of glasses indicates that glass transitions occur mainly via the change in the structural energy. Silica glass is an extreme case in that the transition occurs entirely through the change in internal structure, such as the distribution of the bending angle of Si–O–Si bonds.
A two-stage multi-scale domain adversarial transfer learning method and its application in fault diagnosis
Authors: Zhang Mingyuan , Huang Chengxuan , Wang Hongsen , He Chen , Yang Debin , Yang Jianhong
Published: September 2023

Domain adaptation (DA) based intelligent fault diagnosis (IFD) methods have attracted great attention in recent years. The key motivation of DA methods is to extract the domain-invariant features. In most cases, the one-dimensional convolutional neural networks are adopted as the feature extractor, in which the kernels are usually single and fixed. However, the monitoring data for IFD usually involve various scale information, and the feature representation extracted by the above models may be incomprehensive. Moreover, the target domain data is only used to narrow the distribution discrepancy in an unsupervised way, which may lead to ignorance of class information of the target domain. To address these issues, in this paper, a two-stage multi-scale domain adversarial fault diagnosis method is proposed. A multi-scale feature extractor with different kernel sizes is designed to acquire more discriminative domain-invariant features. Meanwhile, pseudo label learning is adopted to provide the transfer learning process with the pseudo labels of the target domain, which are generated by a pre-trained network in the first stage and then are optimized through iterations in the second stage. The maximum mean discrepancy is also adopted to enhance the ability of the model for marginal distribution alignment, which can make the model more robust. Thirty-eight transfer tasks from two different datasets were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method achieved higher average diagnosis accuracy compared with several popular methods. The superiority of our proposed method was further explained by visualization of learned features.
Strain-induced electronic structures and band-gap of few-layer AgInP2S6
Authors: Zhen Jiapeng , Huang Qiushi , Liu Ying , Luo Xinyu , Zheng Xiande , Guo Silin , Qiu Jing , Liu Guanjun
Published: September 2023

The band gap and mechanical control ability of two-dimensional materials largely determine the application value of two-dimensional devices in optical and electronic properties, so the bandgap controllability of two-dimensional materials broadens the application range of multi-functional devices. In the layered van der Waals (vdW) material AgInP2S6, the band gap can be adjusted by the number of layers and flexible strain, and the few layers AgInP2S6 have discrete band gap values, which are also relevant for optoelectronic applications. In the strain range of up to 2.7% applied, the band gap can be adjusted, and the film is relatively stable under strain. We further analyzed the physical mechanism of flexible strain band gap regulation and found that strain-regulation reduced the band gap and increased the chemical bond length. These studies open up new opportunities for the future development of vdW material photoelectric resonators represented by AgInP2S6, and have important reference value.
A semi-periodic initial-value problem for the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili II equation
Authors: Kalamvokas P , Papageorgiou V G , Fokas A S , Sung L-Y
Published: September 2023

We investigate the Cauchy problem on the cylinder, namely the semi-periodic problem where there is periodicity in the x-direction and decay in the y-direction, for the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili II equation by the inverse spectral transform method. For initial data with small L
1 and L
2 norms, assuming the zero mass constraint, this initial-value problem is reduced to a Riemann–Hilbert problem on the boundary of certain infinite strips with shift.
Engineering low-temperature proximity effect in clean metals by spectral singularities
Authors: Silveira R de L , Croitoru M D , Pugach N G , Romaguera A R de C , Albino Aguiar J
Published: September 2023

The present study investigates the behavior of the Cooper pair wave function in a normal metal (NM) near superconductor-NM-junctions, specifically focusing on the ballistic regime at zero temperature. It is widely assumed that the wave function follows a power-law decay, with the decay exponents dependent on the system’s dimensionality. Our work reveals that the multiband nature of a compound significantly influences the damping degree of pair amplitudes in an NM, rendering it sensitive to the position of the Fermi level. To explore this phenomenon, we employ the numerical method of self-consistent Bogoliubov–de Gennes equations, utilizing a nanowire as a model for an electronic multiband system. By analyzing the obtained pair amplitudes, we extract relevant lengths and exponents that characterize the leakage of superconducting correlations. We further examine this phenomenon by varying the sample’s cross-sectional size and the superconducting coupling constant. Consequently, our findings demonstrate that the properties of a superconducting/NM junction’s proximity effect can be manipulated not only through temperature, total impurity and defect density, but also by controlling the position of the Fermi level. This tunability enables the transition from a long-range regime to a short-range one, providing valuable insights for designing and understanding such junctions in practical applications.
Quasi-classical coherent states of a charged particle in a magnetic field with accounting for viscous losses
Authors: Sazonov S V
Published: September 2023

A quasi-classical approach is proposed for describing the motion of a charged particle in a magnetic field, taking into account irreversible losses due to the macroscopic viscosity of the medium. The wave function of a charged particle corresponding to its quasi-classical coherent state is found. It is shown that viscosity leads to an irreversible collapse of the wave function in directions perpendicular to the magnetic field. At the same time along the magnetic field the wave function experiences irreversible spreading up to a certain static limit. Thus, in the transverse directions a viscous medium and a magnetic field behave like a classical measuring device. In the longitudinal directions the signs of the quantum Zeno effect are visible. As a result of such anisotropic quantum dynamics the wave packet of the probability density takes the form of a thin filament wound around a magnetic field. The length of the filament is determined by the limiting value of the uncertainty of the longitudinal coordinate of the particle. In turn, this asymptotic uncertainty contains the information about its initial value, about the mass of the particle, and about the properties of the viscous medium.
Galaxy Interactions in Filaments and Sheets: Insights from EAGLE Simulations
Authors: Das Apashanka , Pandey Biswajit , Sarkar Suman
Published: September 2023

We study the color and star formation rates of paired galaxies in filaments and sheets using the EAGLE simulations. We find that the major pairs with pair separation <50 kpc are bluer and more star-forming in filamentary environments compared to those hosted in sheet-like environments. This trend reverses beyond a pair separation of ∼50 kpc. The interacting pairs with larger separations (>50 kpc) in filaments are on average redder and low-star-forming compared to those embedded in sheets. The galaxies in filaments and sheets may have different stellar mass and cold gas mass distributions. Using a KS test, we find that for paired galaxies with pair separation <50 kpc, there are no significant differences in these properties in sheets and filaments. The filaments transport gas toward the cluster of galaxies. Some earlier studies find preferential alignment of galaxy pairs with the filament axis. Such alignment of galaxy pairs may lead to different gas accretion efficiency in galaxies residing in filaments and sheets. We propose that the enhancement of star formation rate at smaller pair separation in filaments is caused by the alignment of galaxy pairs. A recent study with SDSS data reports the same findings. The confirmation of these results by the EAGLE simulations suggests that the hydrodynamical simulations are powerful theoretical tools for studying galaxy formation and evolution in the cosmic web.
Lazio antico: from the information system for the archaeological heritage of ancient Latium to the virtual museum
Authors: Ippoliti Mattia
Published: September 2023

Lazio Antico offers a complete digital mapping of archaeological heritage, sites and emergencies related to the Ancient world in a period between the middle of IX century BCE and the middle of VI century CE Lazio Antico covers, Today, all the territory of Lazio south of the Tiber and can be extended to the entire Region with a second project phase.
Food-grade polymers: A new vision in the controlled release of bioactive substances
Authors: Rizzo S. , Zingale E. , Lombardo R. , Pignatello R.
Published: September 2023

Food-grade polymers are largely employed in food industry for a variety of purposes, including food preservation, texture modification and food packaging. They are considered safe for human consumption and are approved by regulatory bodies such as the FDA and EFSA. One of the most common uses of food-grade polymers is in food packaging. They are used to create packaging materials that are resistant to moisture, oxygen and to prevent contamination. Food- grade polymers are also used in the formulation of dietary supplements, fortified foods, and modified-release pharmaceuticals. They help improve the stability, shelf life and bioavailability of active ingredients. For example, specific polymers can be tailored to create controlled-release formulations, in which the active ingredient is released gradually over time, resulting in a more consistent and prolonged effect. In addition, food-grade polymers can be used to improve the texture and appearance of dietary supplements and oral pharmaceutical forms, mask unpleasant tastes and odors and making them more palatable to consumers. This paper overviews the application of food-grade polymers in the preparation of modified and targeted delivery systems for drugs and nutraceutical ingredients.
Preservation and Reproduction of an Ancient Human Humerus through X-ray Microscopy and 3D Printing
Authors: Cognigni Flavio , Alemanno Valentina , Fattore Luciano , Stornelli Eleonora , Genchi Francesco , Rossi Marco
Published: September 2023

The combination of X-ray Microscopy (XRM) and three-dimensional virtual reconstruction has enabled the digitization and restoration of broken artifacts. By scanning, acquiring, and virtually stitching together the 3D reconstructions of individual broken pieces, damaged relics can be visualized as if they were intact objects. These virtually reconstructed samples can then be reproduced as physical copies through 3D printing, allowing for the sharing of rare findings in museum exhibits worldwide so that printed copies can be displayed for public exposure, while the original pieces remain preserved. This paper aims to demonstrate the application of these reconstruction principles to an artificially modified human humerus belonging to the II–I millennium BC. The humerus was bent into the shape of a serpent for ritual purposes related to the ancient “Snake Cult”, which was widespread in the Persian Gulf area during the Iron Age. Following the scanning and software elaboration processes, the pieces were printed in Polylactic Acid (PLA) as a single object and made available to the public, thus giving new life to a unique piece of history.
Double bus failure protection based on zero negative sequence power directional element discrimination
Authors: Tian Baojiang , Liu Yao , Zhang Junan , Guo Pei
Published: September 2023

After the fault circuit breaker at the end of the long line of the large mode operation system fails, the composite voltage sensitivity of the 220 kV and above double bus connection failure protection is insufficient, and the line release complex voltage locking function needs to be switched on and off manually, which cannot be automatically adapted after the system mode changes. To solve this problem, the compound voltage locking logic is cancelled, and the zero negative sequence power direction discrimination is used to simplify the startup failure circuit, which improves the adaptability and reliability of line failure discrimination under various operating conditions.
Policy narratives in forest fire management
Authors: Tietze Nikola , Gerhold Lars , Ibisch Pierre L
Published: September 2023

As the risk of forest fires increases around the globe, the issues of how to control, suppress, and prevent them are the subjects of growing public and political attention. This study focuses on the political debate in Germany regarding forest fires and provides insights into the conceptualization of forest fires and forest fire management at the federal and state policymaking levels. By examining forest fire narratives through the policy lens, this case study takes an exemplary extreme weather event exacerbated by climate change as an opportunity to examine the policy response to this problem. In this way, we examine the role of policy narratives in civil and environmental protection and disaster management. The findings reveal that all politicians examined in this study agree that forest fire management is an urgent matter that needs to be supported. In the prevailing human-centered narrative, policymakers see active forest management and use as tools to improve forest resilience to fire and other calamities. Those who advocate a nature-based narrative assert that it is natural processes in protected forest areas that most effectively enhance resilience. The policy solutions derived from these views include financial support, recognition of the work of foresters, forest fire managers, and civil protection agencies as well as, depending on the type of narrative argument favored, either increased forest management or improved protection of forest ecologies. This suggests that narrative analysis may illuminate the rationales underlying previous policy decisions and the framework for future ones. This contribution throws light on how narratives shape policymaking and, by extension, disaster management. Future studies should therefore take into account the influence of prevailing narratives when it comes to evaluating the potential that policymaking can offer for disaster management in the future.
Effect of Bacillus subtilis, Vermicompost and Phosphate Fertilizer on Microbial Biomass Nitrogen in Soil Planted with Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)
Authors: Al-Shiblawi Hasan Habeeb Hussein , Al-Taweel Luma Salih Jabbar
Published: September 2023

This study showed the effect of adding Bacillus subtilis, Vermicompost and phosphate fertilizer on microbial biomass nitrogen in the soil of cauliflower roots in flowering and full maturity stages. The experiment was carried out in a farm in the city of Al-Daghara sub-district, Al-Qadisiyah Governorate - Iraq, using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Bacillus subtilis, code for B1, and Vermicompost were added at levels (0, 10, and 20 t. ha-1), with the symbol V0, V1, and V2, respectively, and phosphate fertilizers at levels (0, 50, and 100 kg ha-1) with the symbol P0, P1, and P2, respectively. Fertilizer additions recorded significant values of microbial biomass nitrogen during the flowering and full maturity stages, which are the lowest in the full maturity stage due to the low activity of microorganisms and roots. It was found that the addition of bacteria, vermicompost and phosphate fertilizer. They work to increase nitrogen from the microbial biomass, either directly by increasing the activity of microorganisms and root cells, or by increasing the proportions of organic nitrogen added to the soil.
Effect of Organic Fertilizer and Ground Nutrition with Chelated Iron and Zinc on Vegetative Growth Characteristics of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Soil with Low Gypsum
Authors: Al-Douri Mohammed Jamal Rezoqi , Hamada Ayad Ahmed
Published: September 2023

A field experiment was conducted at a research station of soil science Water Resources Department, College of Agriculture, University of Tikrit, for the agricultural season 2022 AD, according to randomized complete block design (RCBD) with eighteen treatments and three replications for aim of studying effect of organic fertilizer applicatiion and ground nutrition with chelated iron and zinc on vegetative growth characteristics of potato plants in low content soil. Of gypsum, the experiment included three factors each of organic fertilizer at level of (0, 1)%, symbolized M0 and M1, respectively, and chelated iron at three levels (0,2,4) kg ha-1, symbolized F0, F1, and F2, respectively, and chelated zinc in three levels (0,1,5,3) kg ha-1, symbolized Z0, Z1, and Z2, respectively. The results showed that adding organic fertilizer, chelated iron and zinc separately led to a significant increase in the studied traits (plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll content of leaves, number of leaves per plant, and number of stems per plant). The interaction between organic fertilizer, chelated iron and zinc resulted in a significant increase, as the triple interaction treatment M1F2Z2 excelled as it gave the highest values and amounted to 106.48 cm and 7656 cm2 plant-1, 446.18 mg gm-1, 69.88 leaf plant-1 and 6.01 stem plant-1 for the above studied traits, respectively, compared to the comparison treatment M0F0Z0.
Surface Water Assessment using Water Quality Index: A case Study of the Euphrates River, Najafi, Iraq, by using the GIS Technique
Authors: Hussein Ali Kadhim , Muneam Ruaa R. , Jafer Noor Ali , Ibrahimand Afrah Abdulhussein , Abojassim Ali Abid
Published: September 2023

The Water Quality Index (WQI) is a single, deferential metric for describing the state of water quality as a whole, which aids in the selection of effective remediation strategies. Fifteen surface water samples were taken from the Euphrates in the AlHaydria neighborhood of AL-Najaf (Iraq). Various physicochemical parameters, including pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), calcium, chloride, sulfate, and electrical conductivity (EC), were measured to evaluate the quality of the surface water. All samples have a WQI between 25.92 and 47.22. Hasan - alsab (SW 14), Ali-Hajj Hassan (SW 4, SW 8), El-Hajj Abdel-Sayed (SW 10 to SW 12), and El-Hajj Abdel-Sayed (SW 12) have all recorded exceptionally high WQI values. There was generally good to moderate water quality across the research region.
Modelling the Behaviour of Vegetation Indicators (NDVI - NDWI - IPVI) in Busaiya District Using GIS-RS
Authors: Hussein Safir Jasim , Naji Rawaa Hadi
Published: September 2023

GIS and remote sensing techniques are widely used to detect and analyze vegetation changes because of their accuracy and effectiveness as well as their low cost. Among the various spectral indicators derived from the satellite data (Landsat data) are the vegetation indicators (NDWI - IPVI - NDVI) applied to model the variation in ecosystems and the behavior of vegetation in the study area, pretreatment and geometric corrections were performed using Arc GIS 10.2.2, The results of the (NDVI) indicator showed that the study area is characterized by the availability of vegetation cover and many types of natural plants after the precipitation season (winter), as their growth increases intensively within the category within the middle category, with an area of (5600.12) km2 and a percentage of (19.79)%, and it is concentrated In the southern and southeastern sections of Busaiya, the dense group was concentrated in the northern section, with an area of (80.72) km2 and a rate of (0.28%) which includes the areas invested in agriculture, In addition to separate areas of Badiya Busaya (Desert of Busaiya), through the (NDWI) index, it was found that the bright white area in the Northeastern part is the areas of sand dunes, which represents an area of 3726.73 km2 and a rate of 13.17%, while the dark color gradient is represented by green areas of the second category with an area of (10846.97)Km2 with a percentage of (38.34 percent) and the third with an area of (13633.89) square kilometers or 48.21 percent. The results of the (IPVI) index for the average vegetation cover category for the summer season reached (13876.79) km2 at a rate of (49.07%), while the winter season reached (5600.13) Km2 with a percentage of ( 19.79%). As for the category of dense vegetation, its area for the summer season was (4.79) km2 with a rate of (0.02)%, and its area for the winter season was (80.72) km2 at a rate of (0.29)%.
Response of Catharanthus roseus cv. ‘Pacifica XP’ to Adding Copper and Foliar Spraying with Benzoic and Salicylic Acids
Authors: Youssef Maryam Nihad , Saeed Abdul Kareem A. J. Mohammad
Published: September 2023

The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the University of Diyala’s Research Station for the Department of Horticulture and Landscaping in the College of Agriculture during the 2020–2021 academic year. Experiments were conducted on Catharanthus roseus cv. ‘Pacifica XP’ from November 24, 2020, to June 1, 2021, and the effects of adding copper at 0, 30, 45, and 60 mg L-1, and foliar spraying with benzoic and salicylic acids at concentrations of 20 and 40 mgL-1, along with spraying with distilled water as a control treatment, were analyzed. A factorial experiment (54) with three replications was conducted using the randomized complete block design (RCBD). Results showed that all vegetative and biochemical characteristics-including leaf number, leaf area, chlorophyll content, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, copper content, total carbohydrates, phenolic acids, vincristine, vinblastine, vindeline, and catharanthine content-were significantly improved by the addition of copper at a concentration of 60 mg L-1. Number of leaves, leaf area, dry weight of leaves, percentage of nitrogen and potassium in the leaves, copper content in the leaves, phenolic acid content in the leaves, and vinblastine content in the leaves were all found to improve after foliar spraying with benzoic acid at a concentration of 40 mg L-1. The number of leaves, percentage of potassium, content of copper in the leaves, and phenolic acid content in the leaves were all significantly affected by the interaction treatments between the concentrations of copper, benzoic, and salicylic acids, with the interaction treatment BA40Cu60 yielding the best results. The characteristics of chlorophyll content in leaves, nitrogen and phosphorous percentages, total carbohydrates percentages, and vincristine, vinblastine, vindeline, and catharanthine leaf contents all favored the SA40Cu60 interaction treatment, whereas the vincristine content favored the BA20SA40 interaction treatment.
Employment of In Vitro Technique to Propagate Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) Plant
Authors: Alani Mahmood A. R. , Elkaaby Ekhlas A. J. , Alani Jenan A.Y. , Alaubaidy Ashwaq A. , Alshimmary Lameaa A. M.
Published: September 2023

The current study was conducted with aim to find an efficient simple protocol for propagation of stevia plant ( Stevia rebaudiana ) In Vitro. Shoot tips, leaves and stem nodes explants were sterilized with different concentrations of NaOCl (0.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6% v/v) then cultured on MS medium supplemented with 30 g.l-1 sucrose. Results revealed that, no contamination was recorded when using 4.0 % and 6.0 % of NaOCl with (100% and 8.9%) survival at 4.0% and 6.0 % respectively. Moreover, combination of plant growth regulators which were used in this study, have been successfully optimized. However, best combination for number of shoots. explant-1 was found to be (0.4 BAP + 0.2 Kin mg.l-1) for shoot tips explants with an average of 16.44 while (2.0 BAP + 0.25 GA3 mg. l-1) produced maximum average of plant height from shoot tips reached 4.85 cm. For in vitro roots induction, maximum root induction, number and length of roots. Shootlets reached (93.3 %, 9.77 and 9.0 cm) respectively when cultured shootlets on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg.l-1 of IBA.
Effect of Light Source and Adenine Sulfate on the Multiplication and Rooting of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana in Vitro
Authors: Mahdi S. A. , Kadhim Z. K.
Published: September 2023

This study was conducted in the Tissue Culture laboratory of the Horticultural Department of the Faculty of Agriculture at Karbala University to investigate the effects of a light source (Florescent, LED) and adenine sulfate (Ads) a 0, 40, 80, and 120 mg l-1 on the multiplication and rooting of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana. Results showed there are which achieved a 100% response percentage for multiplication and rooting when the addition of adenine sulfate (Ads) under LED light especially a concentration of 120 mg l-1 significantly increased the Shoot height, Shoot number, Number of leaves, Chlorophyll content and fresh, Dry weight. The results showed that they had the maximum root percentage and number of roots as well as the greatest root length in media MS with 120 mg l-1 Ads compared to the control from various concentrations of Ads.
The Effect of Gamma Irradiation, Salinity and Nano-Fertilizer on the Biological Parameters of Brassica napus L. Cultivated in Iraq
Authors: Atiyah Hadiyah A. , Mouhamad Raghad S. , Al-Khafaji Khlood A. , Al-Hussani Zainab
Published: September 2023

Canola (Brassica napus L) is currently one of the most significant oily seeds. It has a variety of nutrients, and its oil is safe for people to ingest as well as medicinal properties that help to relieve the symptoms of a variety of disorders. Soil salinity is one of the major issues of decreasing canola crop productivity that correlated with declines in the photosynthetic potential, since salt levels that are damaging to crop growth affect large terrestrial regions around the world are seriously impaired by soil salinity this research focused on the capability of canola seeds to grow under saline environment before and after gamma irradiation. Also, the most recent study intended to employ nano-fertilizer in Iraq and characterize its influence on the chemical makeup of canola seeds. Simple technique employed as a tissue culture using ground water with different EC. Seeds treated by two gamma irradiation dose and grown over cotton irrigated with salty water. Field experiment was carried out in Al-zafraniya station in Baghdad, Iraq, to investigate the effect of khazra iron nano chelate fertilizer foliar application on one rapeseed variety for increasing yield and yield components. The native local variety pactol was more reliable than olifera var at germination rate, plant high, number of leave and root. Irradiation negatively affects the biological parameter of Canola seeds with capablity to germinate and developed. Percentage of fatty acids significantly differed between fertilizer treatments. The myristic (C14:0) ranged from 0.1±0.012 to 0.14±0.011, Palmitic (16:0) from 3.6±0.024 to 3.91±0.029, 3.91±0.029 from 1.5±0.11 to 1.7±0.012, Arachidic (20:0) from 0.6±0.038 to 0.84±0.065, Behenic (22:0) range from 0.3±0.0028 to 0.41±0.032, Lignoceric (24:0) from 0.2±0.012 to 0.27±0.018, Palmitoleic (16:1) from 0.2±0.010 to 0.26±0.0021, Oleic (18:1) from 61.6±5.78 to 67.8±5.91, 67.8±5.91 from 1.4±0.13 to 1.64±0.15, Erucic (22:1) from 0.2±0.014 to 0.23±0.019, Linoleic (18:2n-6) from 21.7±3.1 to 23.4±3.7, Alpha Linolenic (18:3n3) from 9.6±0.87 to 10.1±2.8, Total Saturated from 6.3±5.4 to 6.8±4.9, Total MUFA was in the rangier from 62.4±7.1 to 64.5±7.1 and Total PUFA range from 31.3±4.1 to 37.4±5.1 for conventional canola and nano canola oils respectively.
Relationship Between the Genetic Marker BM4505 and Some Productive and Physiological Traits of Holstein Friesian Cows
Authors: Shadood Shahlaa Nassar , Hassooni Hadi Awad
Published: September 2023

The results of the study showed two genetic polymorphisms of the BM4505 marker for the studied samples: 270/260, 280/271 bp, their distribution ratio was 60.34 and 39.66 %, respectively, which showed highly significant differences (P≤0.01) among genetic polymorphisms. The study showed that there were significant (P≤0.05) differences between the 270/260,280/271 bp genetic polymorphisms by the California mastitis test, the cows carrying the genetic polymorphisms 270/260 bp, where the test value was 1.20 on the genetic polymorphisms 280/271 bp, the test value was 2.47, as for the other studied traits, the study showed that there were no significant differences between the genetic polymorphisms.
Physical and Functional Properties of some Millet Cultivars in Iraq
Authors: Al-Mhyawi Ezuldeen K. , Nasser J. M.
Published: September 2023

In this research, the physical properties of millet grains such as length, width, thickness, the weight of a thousand grains and the size of a thousand grains were studied for six millet varieties represented by Proso millet grown in Iraq and imported varieties such as foxtail millet (Ukrainian (1) - Russian (2)), finger millet and small millet in addition to sorghum. In this study, small millet was superior in grain length and foxtail millet (Ukrainian 1) in the character of width, while the thickness, finger millet was the highest value. Before soaking for the millet cultivars under study, the bulk density of one thousand grains was (0.66, 0.66, 0.75, 0.74, 0.63, and 0.74) g/ml, respectively. The highest value was for foxtail millet (Russian2), followed by finger millet, and the lowest was for the small millet class within the grain category small. The water absorption capacity was highest in proso millet flour (165.43%) and lowest in foxtail millet flour (Ukrainian1) (118.64%), while the oil absorption capacity was highest in small millet flour (132.66%) and lowest in foxtail millet flour (Russian2) (104.33%). The physical and functional properties are essential to engineers, designers, scientists, processors, and in the design of millet grain handling equipment. The results are also helpful in assessing the quality of the grains used during flour preparation.
Effect of Different Levels of Olive Pomace on Some Productive Traits of ISA Brown Laying Hens
Authors: Habib Hamza Ghali , Al-Zamili Ibrahim Fadhil , Al-Gharawi Jassim Kassim
Published: September 2023

This study was conducted to compare the effect of adding different levels of olive pomace on some productive traits of ISA Brown laying hens, at the field of laying hens of the Agricultural Research and Experiment Station, Agriculture College, Al-Muthanna University, from 7/6/2022 to 4/9/2022 for a period of 12 weeks. A total of 72 hens, 18 weeks old, ISA Brown laying hens were used, it was randomly distributed to four treatments distributed to 3 replicates ( 6 laying hens each replicate), the treatments were as follows: T1: the control treatment. As for the treatments T2, T3 and T4, dried olive-pomace powder was added at levels of 1.5, 3 and 4.5% to the diet. The results indicated a significant superiority on the egg production and egg mass with a significant improvement in the feed conversion factor in all treatments of olive-pomace powder compared to the control treatment, there were no significant differences on the average egg weight among all experimental treatments.
Preparation of Calcium-Milk Coagulum from Buffalo Milk and Study its Chemical, Sensory and Rheological Properties
Authors: Khafaji Hawraa Mohammed , Al-Saadi Jasim Mohammed Salih
Published: September 2023

Milk coagulum, made by mixing calcium chloride into warmed whole buffalo milk, was the subject of research into its chemical and sensory qualities. The yield of calcium-milk coagulum was 25.7%, above the yield of soft cheese (19.9%). Calcium milk coagulum had the following percentages of water, total solids, acidity, carbs, proteins, ash, and fat after being refrigerated for one day at 71 °C: 56.4%, 43.6%, 0.14 %, 4.5 %, 20.27%, 1.4%, and 21%. When compared to soft cheese, the corresponding numbers were 51.2%, 48.8%, 0.15, 3.51, 20.19, 1.6%, and 26.4%. Ratings for flavor, holes, and bitterness in calcium milk coagulum after 28 days of storage were greater than scores for soft cheese. On the other hand, ratings for texture and body were lower. There were more molds and yeasts in the soft cheese sample and a higher overall bacterial count compared to the calcium milk coagulum.
Impact Light Regimen and Melatonin on Growth Performance, Welfare and Physiological Parameters of Broiler Chickens
Authors: Al-Samrai Muna K. , Al-Jumaily Tareq KH , Taha Ahmed T.
Published: September 2023

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of lighting program and melatonin on growth performance, welfare, and some physiological characteristics of broilers. A completely randomized design involved 2 photoperiods (constant lighting 24 L:0 D). and intermittent lighting 4 L:2 D) periodically for group one and two respectively, the third group the birds were to continuous lighting 24 hours with the addition of the melatonin 20 mg/kg of diet. A total of 180 unsexed one-day-old ROSS 308 broiler chicks randomly divided into three treatments with three replicates (20 birds per replicate). The results showed a significant superiority in the body weight and weight Gain of the intermittent light treatments and the addition of melatonin compared to the control treatment for broilers at 21 days. No significant differences in growth performance for broilers at 38 days, and there were no significant differences in dressing percentage, relative weight of the internal organs, temperature of the bird’s body parts, biochemical characteristics, and hormones, except for the significant decrease in the level of ALT for birds treated with melatonin and when raising birds under a lighting program. Intermittently, there was an improvement in the level of antioxidants through a decrease in MDA. There was a significant improvement in the measures of welfare, as the incidence of inflammation of the hock burn and Footpad dermatitis decreased. Results above suggest that the raising broilers under intermittent lighting system and treatment with melatonin did not affect production performance, but it improved the status of antioxidants and welfare Indications for broilers.
The Type of Floor and its Impact on the Growth, Physiological and Performance of Broilers
Authors: Al-Samrai Muna K. , Al-Jumaily Tareq KH , Taha Ahmed T.
Published: September 2023

This study was conducted to find out the effect of floor type on the growth, some physiological characteristics and welfare standards for broilers. 120 unsexed one-day-old ROSS 308 broiler chicks were used. The study included two groups with three replicates (20 birds for each replicate). The first treatment, the birds were raised on the Rice husks litter, and the second treatment the birds were raised on a wire floor, 15 cm high. Feed and water were provided freely throughout the study period. The results showed that raising broilers on different floor type did not show significant differences in body weight, weight gain rate and feed conversion factor between groups, and significant differences were found in feed consumption in favor of the second treatment at the age of 21 days, and no significant differences appeared in the standards of productive performance. for broilers at the age of 38 days, and there were no significant differences in the percentage of dressing, the relative weight of the internal organs and the concentration of ammonia NH3 gas, while rearing on the wire floor reduced the concentration of carbon dioxide Co2 and raised the body temperature of the birds raised on the wire floor, there was a significant improvement in measures of well-being, the incidence of inflammation of the hock burn and footpad dermatitis. The biochemical and hormonal characteristics were not significantly affected when raising birds on wire floor, and there was an improvement in the level of antioxidants in the bird’s body through an increase in GSH. We conclude from this study that raising broilers on the wire floor did not affect the productive performance, but it improved the status of antioxidants and welfare standards for broilers.
Effect of Using Three Bacterial Isolates of Lactic Acid Bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus 4453, Bifidobacterium bifidum 5144 and Streptococcus thermophilus 5935 as Probiotics on Thyroid Hormones and Liver Enzymes of Common Carp Fingerlings Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus (1758)
Authors: Jabbar Ahmed Radhi , Salman Ali Hussein
Published: September 2023

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of three bacterial isolates of Lactobacillus acidophilus 4453, Bifidobacterium bifidum 5144, and Streptococcus thermophilus 5935 on thyroid hormones and liver enzymes of common carp fingerlings which had initial body weight attained (44±0.69) g. A total of 72 fish were used and randomly divided into 4 treatments with 3 replicates (6 fish per replicate). An experimental diet was prepared with a crude protein attained (29.14%) and gross energy of 396.726 kcal / g. The bacterial suspensions were prepared at a dilution of 1*10-6 cfu/ml and were added to the suspension of 20% Arabic gum and phosphate buffer salt as an enveloping and adhesive material of bacterial cells to increase their stability and survival on feed pellets. The liquid bacterial suspensions were added to specified amounts of the experimental diets according to the following treatments (T0 control treatment, T1 Lactobacillus acidophilus 4453, T2 Bifidobacterium bifidum 5144, and T3 Streptococcus thermophilus 5935. Thyroid hormones (TSH, T3, and T4) and liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALPA) were assessed after 83 days of the experiment. results of the statistical analysis showed that all the bacterial isolates treatments exceeded on T0 of thyroid hormones as T2 followed by T3 and then T1. As for liver enzymes, T0 was significantly exceeded on other treatments of AST, while there was no significant difference among all experimental treatments of ALT. T0 was exceeded on other treatments of ALP, whilst the lowest recorded mean of T3. Here we conclude that the three bacterial isolates treatments in the food of common carp fingerling had a major role in increasing the values of thyroid hormones, and this indicates an increase in the metabolic activities of these fish, and no damage occurred to the liver cells of those fish as a result of the use of the mentioned bacterial isolates.
The Utilization of Date Fruit in the Ration to Accelerate Sexual Maturity of the Heifers
Authors: Al-Abbasi Hasan H. H. , Mahdi Atheer S. , Mohammed Ali H. , Al-Wazeer Anmar A. M.
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of adding different levels of date fruit in the ration on accelerated puberty and sexual maturity in Frisian heifers raises in South Iraq. Sixty-four Frisian heifers (4 months-old) were equally allocated to four groups (16 heifers each). All groups were fed the same ration, the first group (T1) was fed without any additive, while the second (T2), third (T3), and fourth (T4) groups were fed 0.5, 1, and 2 kg of date fruits/head/day, respectively in addition to basal ration. Results showed that the percentage of heifers fed 1 and 2 kg of date fruits reached puberty faster than those fed 0 and 0.5kg of date fruits at 6-10 months of age. A similar trend happened in the percentage of heifers that reach sexual maturity at 9-13 months of age. The period of progress in puberty of T4 heifers was three months, based on the world’s average puberty (12 months) and the period of progress in sexual maturity was five months, based on the world’s average maturity (18 months). Results revealed that the dietary addition of date fruits has a significant effect (P≤0.01) on a percentage of advanced puberty in T2, T3, and T4 heifers compared with those receiving control ration (T1). The percentage of sexual maturity in T2, T3, and T4 heifers was higher than those in control one(T1). Furthermore, the heifers in T4 and T3 were higher (P ≤0.01) than heifers in T1 and T2 in the duration of progress in puberty and sexual maturity in heifers.
Testing the Efficiency of Silver Nanoparticles Manufactured Locally by the Alga Spirogyra in Inhibiting the Fungus Aspergillus flavus and Reduction of Aflatoxin B1
Authors: Aljbori Najeh Mohammed , Hussein Halima Z.
Published: September 2023

This experiment was conducted in the mycotoxins lab at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences-University of Baghdad with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of bio- and locally manufactured silver nanoparticles by the alga Spirogyra locally and biologically manufactured silver nanoparticles in inhibiting the fungus Aspergillus flavus and reduction of aflatoxin B1. The results showed the alga Spirogyra highly efficient in the biologically manufactured silver nanoparticles and the size of the synthesized nanoparticles was 8.504 nm when examined by atomic force microscope AFM, which showed a high efficiency in inhibiting the isolate of the fungus Aspergillus flavus at concentrations 1.5, 2 and 3, and the percentage of inhibition was 86.7%, 97.64, 100%, respectively, It also indicated a high efficiency in preventing the fungus from producing aflatoxin B1 on the stored wheat grains. The concentrations of toxins in stored wheat samples were 6.25 ppb, 4.11 ppb and 0.0ppb for concentrations 1.5, 2, and 3 compared with the control treatment in which the concentration of aflatoxin B1 was 88.4ppb, as the percentage of reduction was 92.92%, 95.35% and 100, respectively. The results of biologically manufactured silver nanoparticles also showed an efficiency in reducing aflatoxin B1 from stored wheat grains. The concentration (3) was superior in reducing aflatoxin B1 to 2ppb compared to concentrations of (1.5 and 2), in which the toxin concentration reached 10.25 ppb and 7.15 ppb, respectively, with a reduction percentage of 88.4%, 91.91% and 97.73%.