bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex Determination of Japanese Quails (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) using with Zoometric Measurements
Authors: Çiçek Rathert Tülin , Güven İnan , Üçkardeş Fatih
Published: October 2017

The difficulty of sex determination in most poultry species causes significant financial losses for poultry production as birds cannot be separated at early stages of growth for meat or egg production. Therefore it is important to determine bird‘s sex with zoometric parameters. This study was carried out to determine the sex of Japanese quails with zoometric measurements, such as live weight, body length, chest depth and chest width. Eighty-eight male and female Japanese quail chicks were used individually for live weight, chest depth (mm), chest width (mm) and body length (mm) with using digital scaled balance and caliper for every week over a period of six weeks. The weekly collected data were applied to t test for estimating the sex discrimination. The Pearson‘s correlation was applied for examining the interrelationship between sex and biometric traits. The results indicated that there was a significant positive correlation between live weight and body length beginning with the 2nd week. Therefore, zoometric measurement of these body traits is suitable for discriminating the sex of Japanese quails in early phase of life.
Effect of Soaking and Boiling on Anti-nutritional Factors, Oligosaccharide Contents and Protein Digestibility of Newly Developed Bambara Groundnut Cultivars
Authors: Adeleke Olaposi , Adiamo Oladipupo Qudus , Fawale Olumide Samson , Olamiti Gbeminiyi
Published: October 2017

Newly developed Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L.) seeds (Accessions No: TVSU 5 – Bambara Groundnut White (BGW) and TVSU 146 – Bambara Groundnut Brown (BGB)) were collected from International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria, planted and harvested. The effects of processing methods (soaking and boiling) on anti-nutritional factors and oligosaccharides content and protein digestibility of BGW and BGB compared with Bambara groundnut commercial (BGC) seeds were investigated. Soaking and boiling significantly reduced the anti-nutritional factors of the samples and the effect increased as processing time was elongated. Sample BGC had lower anti-nutritional factors than BGW and BGB after soaking for 48 h. Tannin contents of the samples were reduced drastically by 99 % throughout the soaking periods. Greatest loss in raffinose level was observed in BGB (59%) and BGW (50%) after boiling for 60 min compared with BGC (43%). The loss in stachyose content of the samples varies with processing and BGC (59%) had greatest loss after boiling for 60 min while soaking for 48 h reduced that of BGB and BGW by 57 and 35%, respectively. Boiling for 60 min increased the in vitro protein digestibility of BGB (89.34 %) compared with BGW (87.48%) and BGC (82.89%). Overall, the results demonstrated that soaking and boiling of newly developed Bambara groundnut seeds could improve the nutritive quality of the seeds.
Karabuğday (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)‘da Morfolojik Varyabilite
Authors: Kara Nimet
Published: October 2017

Karabuğdayda olgunlaşma alt dallardan başlar, yukarıya doğru devam eder ve hasat döneminde bitki üzerinde çiçekler, yeşil ve kahverengi taneler aynı anda bulunabilir. Bu yüzden homojen bir olgunlaşma olmaz ve verim düşer. Bu çalışma karabuğdayda tane verimi ve tanede mineral besin içeriğindeki değişime bitki morfolojisinin (ana gövde-dal, orta dallar ve alt dallar) etkisini araştırmak amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Tarla denemesi 2014 ve 2015 yıllarında Isparta koşullarında tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuş ve Aktaş karabuğday çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Karabuğdayın ana dal, orta ve alt dallardaki tane verimi ve bunların verime katkısı her iki yılda da istatistiksel olarak önemli olmuştur. Bitki morfolojisine göre, 2014 ve 2015 yıllarında sırasıyla en yüksek tane verimi 1,548 ve 1,579 g/bitki ve tek bitki verimine en yüksek katkı sırasıyla, %40,72 ve %38,61 alt dallarda belirlenmiştir. En düşük değerler ise ana gövdeden elde edilmiştir. Karabuğdayda uygun hasat zamanı olarak verime katkısı en fazla olan alt ve orta dallardaki taneler tamamen olgunlaştığı (kahverengi tohumlar) dönem önerilebilir. Karabuğdayın mineral besin içeriği bitki morfolojisine göre değişmiş ve genel olarak K ve Mn dışında en yüksek değerler ana dalda belirlenmiştir.
Assessment of Irrigation Practices of Farmers Receiving Water from Open-Canal and Piped Irrigation Networks
Authors: Aslan Nihan Körpe , Tekiner Murat
Published: October 2017

Open-canal irrigation networks have been transformed into closed-piped networks. Drip irrigation is the most common method used irrigations in Çanakkale province. The aim of study is to assess irrigation practices of farmers using different irrigation networks. There were not significant differences in irrigation practices of the farmers receiving water from both networks, but all were making mistakes and unconscious in their practices. An optimum schedule was also prepared to compare with farmer practices. While a farmer growing tomato in Kumkale village with piped-network was expected to apply 531 mm irrigation water as seasonal total, present farmer applied 1414 mm water; while a farmer growing tomato in Mahmudiye village with open-canal network was expected to apply a total of 457 mm, present farmer applied 492 mm irrigation water; while a farmer growing maize in Kumkale village with piped-network was expected to apply 512 mm, the present farmer applied 975 mm; finally a farmer growing maize in Mahmudiye village with open-canal network was expected to apply 379 mm water, the present farmer applied 228 mm irrigation water throughout the entire growing season. Irrigation water efficiency (IWUE) values indicating the effects of irrigation water quantities on yields were calculated as 2.5 kg/da/mm for tomato culture in Kumkale; 12.3 kg/da/mm for tomato culture in Mahmudiye; 0.7 kg/da/mm for maize culture in Kumkale and 8,7 kg/da/mm for maize culture in Mahmudiye village. Relative irrigation supply (RIS) values indicating how efficiently the precipitations were used were calculated as 2.98 for tomato culture in Kumkale; 1.41 for tomato culture in Mahmudiye; 2.40 for maize culture in Kumkale and 0.85 for maize culture in Mahmudiye village.
Giresun Yöresinden Bazı Bitkilerde Metal Birikiminin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Türkmen Mustafa , Duran Köksal , Türkmen Aysun
Published: October 2017

Giresun yöresinden bazı bitki türlerinde metal birikimlerinin değerlendirildiği bu çalışmada yedi bitki türü örneklenmiştir. Hedeflenen istasyonlardan (İstasyon A; 40Â° 48‘ K, 38Â° 19‘ D, İstasyon B; 50Â° 54‘ K, 38Â° 26‘ D) Mart 2012 ve Eylül 2012 tarihleri arasında toplam olarak 140 adet bitki örneği toplanmıştır. Bitki örnekleri parçalanarak homojenize edilmiş ve 105Â°C‘ de 24 saat kurutulmuştur. Her bir bitkiden alınan yaklaşık 0,25 g örnek Cem Mars 5 mikrodalga fırında çözündürülmüştür. Soğuyan örnekler 50 ml‘lik balon jojelere alınarak deiyonize su ile tamamlanmıştır. Analizden önce örnekler 0.45 Âµm‘lik filtreyle süzülmüştür. Tüm örneklerde kobalt, krom, bakır, demir, mangan, nikel, kurşun ve çinko analizleri ICP-MS cihazında üç tekerrürlü mg kg-1 kuru ağırlık olarak analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen verilere logaritmik dönüşüm uygulandıktan sonra türler arasındaki farklılıklar tek yönlü varyans analizi ve Duncan testi ile incelenmiştir. İncelenen türlerde metal birikimleri; kobalt: 0,05-1,80, krom: 0,14-3,24, bakır: 2,33-28,1, demir: 38,9-533, mangan: 22,9-64,6, nikel: 0,81-18,9, kurşun: 0,32-6,22 ve çinko: 14,3-536 mg kg-1 kuru ağırlık olarak analiz edilmiştir. Her iki istasyonda da analiz edilen tüm bitki türlerinde demir en yüksek birikimleri göstermiş olup (İstasyon B‘de Boylu Mürver için Zn hariç), demirden sonra ikinci sırada çinko gelmektedir. Diğer taraftan, kobalt diğer metallere kıyasla en düşük birikimleri göstermiştir. İncelenen türlerdeki metal birikimleri arasındaki farklılıklar istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Yenilebilir bitki türlerinde insan tüketimi için geçici kabul edilebilir maksimum haftalık (PTWI) alımlar hesaplanmıştır.
A não participação nas aulas de Educação Física na perspectiva de alunos do ensino fundamental II
Authors: Paixão Jairo Antônio , Oliveira Otávio Soares
Published: October 2017

O estudo investigou a não participação nas aulas de Educação Física na perspectiva de alunos do ensino fundamental II. A partir de uma investigação de natureza qualitativa, foi possível afirmar que a parcela de alunos que se recusa a participar das aulas adere à prática regular de atividades físico-esportivas em ambientes extraescolares como em academias, clubes e nos bairros onde residem. Dentre os motivos, encontram-se a falta de materiais pedagógicos e estruturais na escola, repertório pouco variado dos conteúdos trabalhados e, ainda, a indiferença por parte do professor diante do quadro apresentado. Já os alunos que participam acabam por assumir o protagonismo nas atividades físico-esportivas, fator esse que tem propiciado a segregação pelos mais habilidosos e conflitos relacionados à categoria gênero.
Era uma vez o Proinfo... diferenças entre metas e resultados em escolas públicas municipais
Authors: Martins Ronei Ximenes , Paiva Vânia de Fátima Flores
Published: October 2017

Este trabalho investigou os resultados da implantação do Programa Nacional de Tecnologia Educacional (ProInfo) na Educação Básica. A pesquisa, delineada como Estudo de Caso, obteve os dados por meio de questionário e por observação direta em visita às escolas. Participaram 194 professores das 19 escolas públicas, urbanas e do campo, de um município do sul de Minas Gerais. Os resultados evidenciaram que os objetivos do ProInfo ainda não foram alcançados e poucos são os efeitos significativos nas escolas investigadas. Tais resultados são muito semelhantes aos de outras investigações já realizadas em diferentes regiões do Brasil.
Práticas avaliativas na Formação Docente: Teoria e Prática
Authors: Da Silva Neta Maria Lourdes , Magalhães Junior Antonio Germano
Published: October 2017

A compreensão do significado do planejamento, da relação ensino e aprendizagem e do processo avaliativo destinam-se aos professores e estudantes, especificamente das licenciaturas. O objeto de pesquisa constituiu-se das práticas avaliativas no Ensino Superior. Objetivamos compreender as práticas avaliativas dos professores dos cursos de licenciatura. A investigação foi de caráter documental e bibliográfico com fundamentação teórico-metodológica baseada nos escritos de Depresbiteris e Tavares, Fonseca, Viana, dentre outros. A metodologia de abordagem qualitativa foi desenvolvida mediante análise documental, entrevistas semiestruturadas e grupos focais. Constatamos que as práticas avaliativas resumiram-se a verificação dos conteúdos repassados pelos docentes aos estudantes no decorrer das disciplinas.
A importância do direito como tema das redações
Authors: Leonardo Francisco Antonio Morilhe
Published: October 2017

O texto reflete a relevância jurídica como tema das redações constantemente enfatizada nas coletâneas das principais bancas avaliadoras dos vestibulares e do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio. Argumenta-se que a busca de mais igualdade na efetivação a esse direito pressupõe uma ação mais efetiva sendo absolutamente necessário o empenho do Estado para ampliar substantivamente os investimentos em educação, proporcionando aos jovens conhecimentos que dizem respeito aos direitos de todo cidadão, pois é papel da educação e do Estado contribuir para o processo de solidificação dos Direitos Humanos e da construção da cidadania, cujo fundamento se encontra no texto constitucional brasileiro.
Dançando para a cidadania: reflexões sobre práticas artísticas e educativas desenvolvidas em uma ong de Santa Maria – RS.
Authors: Nascimento e Silva Daniela Grieco , Wolff Silvia Susana
Published: October 2017

Este artigo objetiva verificar a influência do balé, tal como desenvolvido na ONG Royale, nos processos de inclusão social, construção e manutenção da cidadania de jovens da periferia da cidade de Santa Maria – RS. Para tal realizou-se uma investigação qualitativa, tendo como instrumentos de pesquisa o uso de entrevistas e observações. O processo artístico-educativo desenvolvido pela ONG Royale, que tem o balé como eixo central, propicia influências nas construções das identidades pessoais e coletivas, o que indica possibilidades do desenvolvimento da conscientização de seus papéis como cidadãs.
Enhanced Grain-boundary Emission Lifetime and Additive Induced Crystal Orientation in One-Step Spin-Coated Mixed Cationic (FA/MA) Lead Perovskite Thin Films Stabilized by Zinc Iodide Doping
Authors: Williams René M. , Muscarella Loreta A. , Petrova Dina , Cervasio Rebecca Jorge , Farawar Aram , Lugier Olivier , McLure Charlotte , Slaman Martin J. , Wang Junke , von Hauff Elizabeth J.
Published: October 2017

Mixed cationic lead perovskites containing formamidinium and methylammonium can be stabilized by incorporating ZnI2 as an “internal desiccant”. Next to prolonged stability under ambient conditions we show with XRD that the use of an additive, 3-chloropropyl ammonium chloride, influences crystal formation by orienting the crystals. These ~500 nm crystals show individual photoluminescent behavior in thin films and have a longer photoluminescence lifetime at the grain boundaries as compared to the center of the crystal or relative to un-doped materials without the additive made under identical conditions. Charges recombine slower at the edges of the crystals as observed with confocal laser scanning microscopy
THE EFFECTS OF PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL METHODS ON COLLEGE STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARD PTSD
Authors: Amna Zaujatul , Lin Hsiu Chen
Published: October 2017

This study investigated the effectiveness of psycho-education methods on college students’ attitudes toward post traumatic stress disorder. Analysis of results indicated that lecturing was the most effective psycho-educational method to obtain attitudinal changes. The effects of psycho-education methods of a short-duration intervention for college students' positive attitudes toward PTSD. Findings from the study led to the results that a short-duration of psycho-education intervention on PTSD effectively increases college students' attitudes toward post traumatic stress disorder, reduces negative attitudes towards PTSD.
Spiritual Culture of Banjar Sultanate (Historical, Hermeneutic and Educational Approach)
Authors: Buseri Kamrani
Published: October 2017

Culture and education are interconnected. If culture is to be preserved, transformed and transferred from one generation to the next, education in its broader sense is the key process of doing so. Each society or community group has its own culture as its distinctive characteristics. This culture contains values by which members of the society abide. Since the establishment of Banjar Sultanate in 1526, the Banjarese have developed spiritual culture which is reflected in material forms such as in houses shapes, process of cultivating rice in the paddy field, and other daily traditions. Besides, spiritual culture is also manifested in educational institution as well as in the attitude of its educators. As of today, these cultural values are still relevant to be developed, because they may become foundation of social behavior, especially for younger generation who are prone to influences of secularism, hedonism, and pragmatism.
Teachers’ Reading Culture in Madrasah Tsanawiyah Environment of the Target Grant Program of School and Quality Component Assistance
Authors: Siahaan Amiruddin
Published: October 2017

The low reading culture in teachers has an impact on the low ability and interest in writing scientific papers, of course; also have an impact on the stagnant level of education and teacher’s rank. Nationally, most of the teacher's rank stops at group IV A. Because starting group IVA and above class increased, it requires the component of writing scientific papers, besides teaching component. The results showed that reading culture among Madrasah teachers who became the object of this research increased after the Grant Program of School Quality Component Assistance 3 Madrasah accreditation phase 2 of Indonesia Education Partnership to Australia. They are increasingly aware of the importance of improving the quality of self and improving the quality of Madrasah. Efforts are made to improve the culture of reading teachers, including 1) adding facilities for reading places, such as libraries and reading parks; 2) increasing the number of books collected in Madrasah, related to subjects and textbooks supporting subjects; 3) involving teachers in scientific forums, such as scientific paper competition, short stories, and seminars; 4). The principal as a leading coach for teachers provides motivation to teachers through teacher board meetings as well as directly, in order to increase interest in reading their teachers.
The Roles of Matrilineal System Towards Integrating Religious and Cultural Values in Minangkabau Community
Authors: Handrianto Ciptro
Published: October 2017

This paper looks at one of the unique cultures of Indonesia, the Minangkabau, in West Sumatera Province. Minangkabau is known as one of the biggest cultures in the world practicing matrilineal system in its family. This system means that every child who is born follows his or her mother`s clan line. Matrilineal education integrates religious and cultural values to their children. According to this system, there are four central figures that have important roles in educating young generations of Minangkabau. They are Bundo Kanduang, Ninik Mamak, Alim Ulama, and Cadiak Pandai. The purpose of this paper is to explore the roles of these four central figures of Minangkabau in integrating religious and cultural values to the young generation. The data for this paper uses secondary data, namely the study of literature. Data analysis techniques in this study are three roots of reduction, presentation, and verification of data. Results show that each of the four central figures has different roles but they are united to integrate the education system of the Minangkabau community.
Tinjauan Etis Rangkap Profesi Dokter-Pengacara
Authors: Purwadianto Agus , Meilia Putri Dianita Ika
Published: October 2017

Semakin tingginya ekspektasi masyarakat terhadap pelayanan kesehatan menjadikan profesi dokter semakin rentan terhadap tuntutan malpraktik. Sehubungan dengan itu, rangkap profesi dokter dan pengacara memberikan kesempatan untuk meningkatkan keadilan dalam kasus malpraktik. Namun, dalam membela sebuah kasus medis, dokter yang merangkap profesi sebagai pengacara bisa hadir dalam dua sisi, yaitu sebagai pembela koleganya terhadap gugatan tidak masuk akal dari pasiennya, atau pembela pasien dengan gugatan malpraktik yang lebih jelas. Dokter-pengacara rentan terhadap konflik kepentingan dikarenakan loyalitas ganda yang ia perankan secara etikolegal maupun medikolegal pada saatnya berperkara, di dalam sidang maupun di luar sidang pengadilan. Untuk itu diperlukan peran organisasi profesi untuk mengurangi atau bahkan meniadakan konflik kepentingan tersebut.
Tinjauan Etika: Dokter sebagai Eksekutor Hukuman Pidana yang Menyebabkan Kematian, Kecacatan, atau Gangguan Kesehatan
Authors: Soetedjo Soetedjo , Soendoro Julitasari , Prawiroharjo Pukovisa
Published: October 2017

Perkembangan pesat di bidang hukum dan kedokteran di Indonesia menyebabkan wacana akan hukuman pidana berbasis medis tak dapat dikekang lagi. Misalnya injeksi letal, yang dinilai memiliki letalitas tinggi dan bahkan dianggap meminimalisasi penderitaan terpidana, dinilai lebih baik dan etis dibandingkan alternatif eksekusi konvensional seperti hukuman tembak mati. Namun, secara teknis pelaksanaan tindakan pro justitia ini memunculkan dilema etik bagi profesi kedokteran jika tindakan ini mencederai, membuat cacat baik permanen maupun sementara, ataupun menyebabkan kematian bagi terpidana. Di satu sisi, profesi kedokteran senantiasa harus setia pada karakternya yang mengedepankan kemanusiaan dan berorientasi menyembuhkan manusia. Di sisi lain, menyerahkan suatu tindakan kedokteran pro justitia kepada selain dokter, berpotensi merugikan terpidana karena tindakan tersebut tidak dilakukan secara profesional. Dilema etik ini secara umum perlu diatur dalam fatwa etik profesi kedokteran, yang mana merupakan wewenang Majelis Kehormatan Etik Kedokteran (MKEK). Dalam pelaksanaannya, hal ini perlu dimusyawarahkan seluruh pihak yang berkepentingan, termasuk eksekutif, legislatif, dan yudikatif yang akan menarasikan bentuk eksekusi hukuman tersebut.
Tinjauan Etik Regulasi Jam Kerja Dokter di Indonesia
Authors: Baharuddin Mohammad , Lefrandt Reggy , Santosa Frans
Published: October 2017

Jumlah jam kerja dokter yang dipandang berlebihan sudah menjadi sorotan nasional dan internasional dalam beberapa waktu terakhir. Banyaknya jumlah jam kerja berbanding lurus dengan beban kerja dokter yang besar. Beberapa hal yang diduga menjadi penyebab peningkatan beban kerja dokter, antara lain jumlah pasien yang meningkat, persebaran dokter yang tidak merata, kompleksitas penyakit pasien yang semakin tinggi, serta jumlah proyek penelitian dokter yang semakin banyak. Kurangnya apresiasi terhadap profesi dokter juga diduga sebagai pemicu pengaturan jumlah kerja dokter yang berlebihan. Meningkatnya beban kerja dapat berdampak negatif pada keselamatan dokter dan pasien pada jam kerja, yang dapat berujung pada peningkatan gugatan medis. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan sistem kerja serta kebijakan yang jelas dan efektif untuk mengatur jumlah jam kerja dokter.
Does Quebec Have the Right Gasoline Tax? An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Dorval Jérémie , Barla Philippe
Published: October 2017

The objective of this article is to calculate the optimal gasoline tax for Quebec and, in particular, for its two largest urban areas: the Greater Montreal Area (GMA) and the Greater Quebec City Area (GQA). This optimal tax accounts for externalities resulting from traffic congestion, road accidents, local air pollution, and climate change. Our methodology draws on Parry's (2009) theoretical model, which we calibrate with parameters for the Quebec context from the literature or from original estimations. We find that the optimal gasoline tax should be $0.72/litre in the GMA, $0.65/litre in the GQA, and $0.28/litre in the rest of the province. Thus, at $0.292/litre, the actual level of excise tax turns out to be very close to the optimal level of gasoline tax if the congestion costs are internalized through other instruments such as congestion charges.
Remote Sensing Image Enhancement Based on Non-Local Means Filter in NSCT Domain
Authors: Li Liangliang , Si Yujuan , Jia Zhenhong
Published: October 2017

In this paper, a novel remote sensing image enhancement technique based on a non-local means filter in a nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) domain is proposed. The overall flow of the approach can be divided into the following steps: Firstly, the image is decomposed into one low-frequency sub-band and several high-frequency sub-bands with NSCT. Secondly, contrast stretching is adopted to deal with the low-frequency sub-band coefficients, and the non-local means filter is applied to suppress the noise contained in the first high-frequency sub-band coefficients. Thirdly, the processed coefficients are reconstructed with the inverse NSCT transform. Finally, the unsharp filter is used to enhance the details of the image. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better performance in remote sensing image enhancement than the existing approaches.
Monitoring and Precision Spraying for Orchid Plantation with Wireless WebCAMs
Authors: Samseemoung Grianggai , Soni Peeyush , Sirikul Chaiyan
Published: October 2017

Through processing images taken from wireless WebCAMs on the low altitude remote sensing (LARS) platform, this research monitored crop growth, pest, and disease information in a dendrobium orchid’s plantation. Vegetetative indices were derived for distinguishing different stages of crop growth, and the infestation density of pests and diseases. Image data was processed through an algorithm created in MATLAB® (The MathWorks, Inc., Natick, USA). Corresponding to the orchid’s growth stage and its infestation density, varying levels of fertilizer and chemical injections were administered. The acquired LARS images from wireless WebCAMs were positioned using geo-referencing, and eventually processed to estimate vegetative-indices (Red = 650 nm and NIR = 800 nm band center). Good correlations and a clear cluster range were obtained in characteristic plots of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI) against chlorophyll content. The coefficient of determination, the chlorophyll content values (μmol m−2) showed significant differences among clusters for healthy orchids (R2 = 0.985–0.992), and for infested orchids (R2 = 0.984–0.998). The WebCAM application, while being inexpensive, provided acceptable inputs for image processing. The LARS platform gave its best performance at an altitude of 1.2 m above canopy. The image processing software based on LARS images provided satisfactory results as compared with manual measurements.
Pipeline Damage Identification Based on Additional Virtual Masses
Authors: Li Dongsheng , Lu Dang , Hou Jilin
Published: October 2017

To improve the identification sensitivity of local damages in pipelines, we propose an added virtual mass method thatprevents adding real masses to the pipeline. First, we develop a method of adding virtual masses to pipelines based on the virtual distortion method (VDM). Second, a frequency response to the added mass is constructed using the excitation and acceleration responses. The quantity of mass and the corresponding selected natural frequency with high sensitivity are both determined by the analyzing the sensitivity of the relationship between mass and natural frequency. Finally, the degree of damage can be accurately identified by adding virtual masses on the substructure of the pipeline combined with sensitivity and frequency. Using numerical simulations and experiments, we verify the feasibility of the added virtual mass method for the identification of damages to pipeline structures.
Protein Misfolding and Aggregation as a Therapeutic Target for Polyglutamine Diseases
Authors: Takeuchi Toshihide , Nagai Yoshitaka
Published: October 2017

The polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases, such as Huntington’s disease and several types of spinocerebellar ataxias, are a group of inherited neurodegenerative diseases that are caused by an abnormal expansion of the polyQ tract in disease-causative proteins. Proteins with an abnormally expanded polyQ stretch undergo a conformational transition to β-sheet rich structure, which assemble into insoluble aggregates with β-sheet rich amyloid fibrillar structures and accumulate as inclusion bodies in neurons, eventually leading to neurodegeneration. Since misfolding and aggregation of the expanded polyQ proteins are the most upstream event in the most common pathogenic cascade of the polyQ diseases, they are proposed to be one of the most ideal targets for development of disease-modifying therapies for polyQ diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the molecular pathogenic mechanisms of the polyQ diseases, and introduce therapeutic approaches targeting misfolding and aggregation of the expanded polyQ proteins, which are not only effective on a wide spectrum of polyQ diseases, but also broadly correct the functional abnormalities of multiple downstream cellular processes affected in the aggregation process of polyQ proteins. We hope that in the near future, effective therapies are developed, to bring hope to many patients suffering from currently intractable polyQ diseases.
PEG1000-Based Dicationic Acidic Ionic Liquid/Solvent-Free Conditions: An Efficient Catalytic System for the Synthesis of Bis(Indolyl)methanes
Authors: Ren Yi-Ming , Xu Mao-Dong , Wang Xiong
Published: October 2017

An efficient procedure has been researched for the solvent-free synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes via a one-pot reaction of indoles and aldehydes or ketones promoted by PEG1000-based dicationic acidic ionic liquid (PEG1000-DAIL). The catalyst PEG1000-DAIL could be reused seven times with excellent results. Furthermore, through this method, a highly chemoselective reaction of benzaldehyde and acetophenone with indole could be achieved.
System of Surface Defect Monitoring Based on a Distributed Crack Sensor
Authors: Konoplev Boris , Ryndin Eugeny , Isaeva Alina , Denisenko Mark
Published: October 2017

In this paper, we propose a method for monitoring surface defects like cracks in highly loaded structures. This method is based on the ability of surface cracks to open under the influence of external loads, thus causing the appearance of stresses and tears in the sensitive element—thin films that were deposited on the surface of the test object. We developed a system for monitoring surface defects based on a distributed crack sensor, the functional scheme of the sensor and its design, the structural scheme and algorithm of the system operation, and its model as a VHDL (VHSIC (Very high speed integrated circuits) Hardware Description Language)-description.
A Harmonic Resonance Suppression Strategy for a High-Speed Railway Traction Power Supply System with a SHE-PWM Four-Quadrant Converter Based on Active-Set Secondary Optimization
Authors: Zhang Runze , Lin Fei , Yang Zhongping , Cao Hu , Liu Yuping
Published: October 2017

Pulse width modulation (PWM) technology is widely used in traction converters for high-speed railways. The harmonic distribution caused by PWM is quite extensive, and increases the possibility of grid–train coupling resonance in the traction power supply system (TPSS). This paper first analyzes the mechanism of resonance, when the characteristic harmonic frequency of a four-quadrant converter (4QC) current that injects into the traction grid matches the resonant frequency of the traction grid, which may result in resonance in the system. To suppress resonance, this paper adopts specific harmonic elimination–pulse width modulation (SHE-PWM) technology combined with a transient direct current control strategy to eliminate the harmonics in the resonant frequency, which may suppress the grid–train coupling resonance. Due to the fact that the SHE-PWM process with multiple switching angles contains complex transcendental equations, the initial value is difficult to provide, and is difficult to solve using ordinary iterative algorithms. In this paper, an active-set secondary optimization method is used to solve the equation. The algorithm has the benefits of low dependence on initial values, fast convergence and high solution accuracy. Finally, the feasibility of the resonant suppression algorithm is verified by means of Matlab simulation.
Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Identification of Mutations in Disease Resistance Gene Analogs (RGAs) in Wild and Cultivated Beets
Authors: Stevanato Piergiorgio , Broccanello Chiara , Pajola Luca , Biscarini Filippo , Richards Chris , Panella Lee , Hassani Mahdi , Formentin Elide , Chiodi Claudia , Concheri Giuseppe , Heidari Bahram
Published: October 2017

Resistance gene analogs (RGAs) were searched bioinformatically in the sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) genome as potential candidates for improving resistance against different diseases. In the present study, Ion Torrent sequencing technology was used to identify mutations in 21 RGAs. The DNA samples of ninety-six individuals from six sea beets (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. maritima) and six sugar beet pollinators (eight individuals each) were used for the discovery of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Target amplicons of about 200 bp in length were designed with the Ion AmpliSeq Designer system in order to cover the DNA sequences of the RGAs. The number of SNPs ranged from 0 in four individuals to 278 in the pollinator R740 (which is resistant to rhizomania infection). Among different groups of beets, cytoplasmic male sterile lines had the highest number of SNPs (132) whereas the lowest number of SNPs belonged to O-types (95). The principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) showed that the polymorphisms inside the gene Bv8_184910_pkon (including the CCCTCC sequence) can effectively differentiate wild from cultivated beets, pointing at a possible mutation associated to rhizomania resistance that originated directly from cultivated beets. This is unlike other resistance sources that are introgressed from wild beets. This gene belongs to the receptor-like kinase (RLK) class of RGAs, and is associated to a hypothetical protein. In conclusion, this first report of using Ion Torrent sequencing technology in beet germplasm suggests that the identified sequence CCCTCC can be used in marker-assisted programs to differentiate wild from domestic beets and to identify other unknown disease resistance genes in beet.
An Empirical Examination of the Incremental Contribution of Stock Characteristics in UK Stock Returns
Authors: Fletcher Jonathan
Published: October 2017

This study uses the Bayesian approach to examine the incremental contribution of stock characteristics to the investment opportunity set in U.K. stock returns. The paper finds that size, book-to-market (BM) ratio, and momentum characteristics all make a significant incremental contribution to the investment opportunity set when there is unrestricted short selling. However, no short selling constraints eliminate the incremental contribution of the size and BM characteristics, but not the momentum characteristic. The use of additional stock characteristics such as stock issues, accruals, profitability, and asset growth leads to a significant incremental contribution beyond the size, BM, and momentum characteristics when there is unrestricted short selling, but no short selling constraints largely eliminates the incremental contribution of the additional characteristics.
ASIC1a Promotes Acid-Induced Autophagy in Rat Articular Chondrocytes through the AMPK/FoxO3a Pathway
Authors: Dai Beibei , Zhu Fei , Chen Yong , Zhou Renpeng , Wang Zhisen , Xie Yaya , Wu Xiaoshan , Zu Shengqin , Li Ge , Ge Jinfang , Chen Feihu
Published: October 2017

Acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) is a member of the extracellular H+-activated cation channels family. Our previous studies suggested that ASIC1a contributed to acid-induced rat articular chondrocytes autophagy. However, its potential mechanisms remain unclear. The present study demonstrated the effect of ASIC1a on rat articular chondrocytes autophagy and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. The results demonstrated that ASIC1a contributed to acid-induced autophagy in rat articular chondrocytes, and which was associated with an increase in (Ca2+)i, as indicated that acid-induced increases in mRNA and protein expression of LC3B-II and other autophagy-related markers were inhibited by ASIC1a-specific blocker, PcTx1 and calcium chelating agent, BAPTA-AM. Furthermore, the results showed that extracellular acid increased level of Forkhead box O (FoxO) 3a, but was reversed by inhibition of ASIC1a and Ca2+ influx. Moreover, gene ablation of FoxO3a prevented acid-induced increases in mRNA and protein expression of LC3B-II, Beclin1 and the formation of autophagosome. Finally, it also showed that ASIC1a activated adenine nucleotide (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK). In addition, suppression of AMPK by Compound C and its small interfering RNA (siRNA) prevented acid-induced upregulation of total and nuclear FoxO3a and increases in mRNA and protein expression of LC3B-II, Beclin1, and ATG5. Taken together, these findings suggested that AMPK/FoxO3a axis plays an important role in ASIC1a-mediated autophagy in rat articular chondrocytes, which may provide novel mechanistic insight into ASIC1a effects on autophagy.
Biorock Electric Reefs Grow Back Severely Eroded Beaches in Months
Authors: Goreau Thomas , Prong Paulus
Published: October 2017

Severely eroded beaches on low lying islands in Indonesia were grown back in a few months—believed to be a record—using an innovative method of shore protection, Biorock electric reef technology. Biorock shore protection reefs are growing limestone structures that get stronger with age and repair themselves, are cheaper than concrete or rock sea walls and breakwaters, and are much more effective at shore protection and beach growth. Biorock reefs are permeable, porous, growing, self-repairing structures of any size or shape, which dissipate wave energy by internal refraction, diffraction, and frictional dissipation. They do not cause reflection of waves like hard sea walls and breakwaters, which erodes the sand in front of, and then underneath, such structures, until they collapse. Biorock reefs stimulate settlement, growth, survival, and resistance to the environmental stress of all forms of marine life, restoring coral reefs, sea grasses, biological sand production, and fisheries habitat. Biorock reefs can grow back eroded beaches and islands faster than the rate of sea level rise, and are the most cost-effective method of shore protection and adaptation to global sea level rise for low lying islands and coasts.
Sealing of Dry Particles with Grease-Filled Non-Contacting Sealing Systems
Authors: Bosch Florian , Haas Werner
Published: October 2017

There is no wear and no friction with non-contacting sealing systems. Because of this, there is in principle no lifetime-limit. However, this does not apply for grease-filled labyrinth seals. To seal against particles, the grease inside the gaps of the seal has to bind pollution particles and the grease-filled gap must be opened. If the surfaces of the grease layers in the gaps are saturated with particles, further particles penetrating the sealing system can no longer be bound. The seal must then be relubricated. Based on the actual state of the art, this work shows the latest results of experiments to enable designers to unerringly develop non-contacting sealing systems with grease-filled gaps to seal dry particles with reliable function. To that end, a lot of experiments were done to expand existing design guidelines. Additionally, new operating instruction were found to ensure permanent operation. A possibility to reduce the complexity of the sealing system is presented at the end of the present work.
Laser-Based Lighting: Experimental Analysis and Perspectives
Authors: Trivellin Nicola , Yushchenko Maksym , Buffolo Matteo , De Santi Carlo , Meneghini Matteo , Meneghesso Gaudenzio , Zanoni Enrico
Published: October 2017

This paper presents an extensive analysis of the operating principles, theoretical background, advantages and limitations of laser-based lighting systems. In the first part of the paper we discuss the main advantages and issues of laser-based lighting, and present a comparison with conventional LED-lighting technology. In the second part of the paper, we present original experimental data on the stability and reliability of phosphor layers for laser lighting, based on high light-intensity and high-temperature degradation tests. In the third part of the paper (for the first time) we present a detailed comparison between three different solutions for laser lighting, based on (i) transmissive phosphor layers; (ii) a reflective/angled phosphor layer; and (iii) a parabolic reflector, by discussing the advantages and drawbacks of each approach. The results presented within this paper can be used as a guideline for the development of advanced lighting systems based on laser diodes.
Sequencing and Characterization of Novel PII Signaling Protein Gene in Microalga Haematococcus pluvialis
Authors: Ma Ruijuan , Li Yan , Lu Yinghua
Published: October 2017

The PII signaling protein is a key protein for controlling nitrogen assimilatory reactions in most organisms, but little information is reported on PII proteins of green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. Since H. pluvialis cells can produce a large amount of astaxanthin upon nitrogen starvation, its PII protein may represent an important factor on elevated production of Haematococcus astaxanthin. This study identified and isolated the coding gene (HpGLB1) from this microalga. The full-length of HpGLB1 was 1222 bp, including 621 bp coding sequence (CDS), 103 bp 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR), and 498 bp 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR). The CDS could encode a protein with 206 amino acids (HpPII). Its calculated molecular weight (Mw) was 22.4 kDa and the theoretical isoelectric point was 9.53. When H. pluvialis cells were exposed to nitrogen starvation, the HpGLB1 expression was increased 2.46 times in 48 h, concomitant with the raise of astaxanthin content. This study also used phylogenetic analysis to prove that HpPII was homogeneous to the PII proteins of other green microalgae. The results formed a fundamental basis for the future study on HpPII, for its potential physiological function in Haematococcus astaxanthin biosysthesis.
Trace Element Compositions and Defect Structures of High-Purity Quartz from the Southern Ural Region, Russia
Authors: Götze Jens , Pan Yuanming , Müller Axel , Kotova Elena , Cerin Daniele
Published: October 2017

Quartz samples of different origin from 10 localities in the Southern Ural region, Russia have been investigated to characterize their trace element compositions and defect structures. The analytical combination of cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy and spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and trace-element analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) revealed that almost all investigated quartz samples showed very low concentrations of trace elements (cumulative concentrations of <50 ppm with <30 ppm Al and <10 ppm Ti) and low abundances of paramagnetic defects, defining them economically as “high-purity” quartz (HPQ) suitable for high-tech applications. EPR and CL data confirmed the low abundances of substitutional Ti and Fe, and showed Al to be the only significant trace element structurally bound in the investigated quartz samples. CL microscopy revealed a heterogeneous distribution of luminescence centres (i.e., luminescence active trace elements such as Al) as well as features of deformation and recrystallization. It is suggested that healing of defects due to deformation-related recrystallization and reorganization processes of the quartz lattice during retrograde metamorphism resulted in low concentrations of CL activator and other trace elements or vacancies, and thus are the main driving processes for the formation of HPQ deposits in the investigated area.
Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking of Protocatechuic Acid from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. as a Potent Urease Inhibitor by an ESI-MS Based Method
Authors: Hassan Sherif , Švajdlenka Emil
Published: October 2017

Studies on enzyme inhibition remain a crucial area in drug discovery since these studies have led to the discoveries of new lead compounds useful in the treatment of several diseases. In this study, protocatechuic acid (PCA), an active compound from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. has been evaluated for its inhibitory properties against jack bean urease (JBU) as well as its possible toxic effect on human gastric epithelial cells (GES-1). Anti-urease activity was evaluated by an Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) based method, while cytotoxicity was assayed by the MTT method. PCA exerted notable anti-JBU activity compared with that of acetohydroxamic acid (AHA), with IC50 values of 1.7 and 3.2 µM, respectively. PCA did not show any significant cytotoxic effect on (GES-1) cells at concentrations ranging from 1.12 to 3.12 µM. Molecular docking study revealed high spontaneous binding ability of PCA to the active site of urease. Additionally, the anti-urease activity was found to be related to the presence of hydroxyl moieties of PCA. This study presents PCA as a natural urease inhibitor, which could be used safely in the treatment of diseases caused by urease-producing bacteria.
Molecular Insights into the Potential Insecticidal Interaction of β-Dihydroagarofuran Derivatives with the H Subunit of V-ATPase
Authors: Wei Jielu , Li Ding , Xi Xin , Liu Lulu , Zhao Ximei , Wu Wenjun , Zhang Jiwen
Published: October 2017

Celangulin V (CV), one of dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpene polyesters isolated from Chinese bittersweet (Celastrus angulatus Maxim), is famous natural botanical insecticide. Decades of research suggests that is displays excellent insecticidal activity against some insects, such as Mythimna separata Walker. Recently, it has been validated that the H subunit of V-ATPase is one of the target proteins of the insecticidal dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpene polyesters. As a continuation of the development of new pesticides from these natural products, a series of β-dihydroagarofuran derivatives have been designed and synthesized. The compound JW-3, an insecticidal derivative of CV with a p-fluorobenzyl group, exhibits higher insecticidal activity than CV. In this study, the potential inhibitory effect aused by the interaction of JW-3 with the H subunit of V-ATPase c was verified by confirmatory experiments at the molecular level. Both spectroscopic techniques and isothermal titration calorimetry measurements showed the binding of JW-3 to the subunit H of V-ATPase was specific and spontaneous. In addition, the possible mechanism of action of the compound was discussed. Docking results indicated compound JW-3 could bind well in ‘the interdomain cleft’ of the V-ATPase subunit H by the hydrogen bonding and make conformation of the ligand–protein complex become more stable. All results are the further validations of the hypothesis, that the target protein of insecticidal dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpene polyesters and their β-dihydroagarofuran derivatives is the subunit H of V-ATPase. The results also provide new ideas for developing pesticides acting on V-ATPase of insects.
Impact of Temperature and UV Irradiation on Dynamics of NO2 Sensors Based on ZnO Nanostructures
Authors: Procek Marcin , Stolarczyk Agnieszka , Pustelny Tadeusz
Published: October 2017

The main object of this study is the improvement of the dynamics of NO2 sensors based on ZnO nanostructures. Investigations presented in this paper showed that the combination of temperature and ultraviolet (UV) activation of the sensors can significantly decrease the sensor response and regeneration times. In comparison with the single activation method (elevated temperature or UV), these times for 1 ppm of NO2 decreased from about 10 min (or more) to less than 40 s. In addition, at the optimal conditions (200 °C and UV), sensors were very stable, were fully scalable (in the range on NO2 concentration of 1–20 ppm) and baseline drift was significantly reduced. Furthermore, in this paper, extensive studies of the influence of temperature and carrier gas (nitrogen and air) on NO2 sensing properties of the ZnO nanostructures were conducted. The NO2 sensing mechanisms of the sensors operating at elevated temperatures and under UV irradiation were also discussed. Our study showed that sensor responses to NO2 and response/regeneration times are comparable from sensor to sensor in air and nitrogen conditions, which suggests that the proposed simple technology connected with well-chosen operation conditions is repeatable. The estimated limit of detection of the sensors is within the level of ≈800 ppb in nitrogen and ≈700 ppb in air.
Three-Dimensional Porous Nitrogen-Doped NiO Nanostructures as Highly Sensitive NO2 Sensors
Authors: Luan Van , Tien Huynh , Hur Seung , Han Jong , Lee Wonoh
Published: October 2017

Nickel oxide has been widely used in chemical sensing applications, because it has an excellent p-type semiconducting property with high chemical stability. Here, we present a novel technique of fabricating three-dimensional porous nitrogen-doped nickel oxide nanosheets as a highly sensitive NO2 sensor. The elaborate nanostructure was prepared by a simple and effective hydrothermal synthesis method. Subsequently, nitrogen doping was achieved by thermal treatment with ammonia gas. When the p-type dopant, i.e., nitrogen atoms, was introduced in the three-dimensional nanostructures, the nickel-oxide-nanosheet-based sensor showed considerable NO2 sensing ability with two-fold higher responsivity and sensitivity compared to non-doped nickel-oxide-based sensors.