bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INDUCTION EFFECT OF MICROALGAE SCENEDESMUS DIMORPHUS AGAINST HEMATOLOGY ON MICE (MUS MUSCULUS) SUFFERING ANEMIA DISEASES
Authors: Armaini Armaini , Salim Marniati , Pribadi Panji
Published: July 2018

Objective: This study aims to investigate the potential of Scenedesmus dimorphus as a cure for aplastic anemia in mice (Mus musculus).Methods: Fifty male mice divided into five groups, mice suffering anemia due to induction of chloramphenicol. Oral administrated of S. dimorphus for 28 days with a dose of 2.5 g/50 ml, 5.0 g/50 ml, and 7.5 g/50 ml, respectively, to cure aplastic anemia in mice and samcobion as standard drug.Results: Induction of chloramphenicol caused the mice to suffering aplastic anemia and weight loss in mice. Biomass of S. dimorphus has an effect of against hematological parameters and total blood count estimation. The result shows significant (p<0.05 ANOVA) on weight gain, an increase of erythrocyte counts, and hemoglobin level, whereas an increase of hematocrit and reticulocyte values have non-significant, and a dose of S. dimorphus 5.0 g/50 ml were the treatment most effective for anemia in mice.Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, S. dimorphus biomass has the healing benefit of aplastic anemia due to the administration of chloramphenicol.
IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITIES OF CARDIOSPERMUM HALICACABUM LINN.
Authors: G Savitha , V Vishnupriya , Krishnamohan Surapaneni
Published: July 2018

Objective: Free radicals and oxidants are produced in the body during normal cellular metabolism and exposure to pollutions and ionizing radiations. They exert beneficial and harmful effects to the human body. Harmful effects of these radicals are destroyed by either antioxidants of our body in situ or antioxidants which are supplied through foods. Hence, the aim of this present study is to assess the antioxidant and free radical scavenging capacity of the easily available edible plant Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn. (Mudakathan keerai).Methods: Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of the aerial parts extract of C. halicacabum was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay, ferrous ion chelating assay, nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging assay, superoxide radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, and lipid peroxidation assay.Results: Remarkable free radical scavenging potential was observed in the ethanolic extract of C. halicacabum with IC50 values on all tested radicals, namely DPPH (IC50=34.06 μg/ml), ABTS (IC50=21.45 μg/ml), ferrous ion chelating (IC50=19.56 μg/ml), NO (IC50=25.16 μg/ml), superoxide (IC50=35.16 μg/ml), hydroxyl (IC50=28.56 μg/ml), and lipid peroxidation (IC50=33.12 μg/ml). The results revealed that ethanolic extract of C. halicacabum Linn. has significant antioxidant activity.Conclusion: The present study suggested that the aerial part extract of C. halicacabum serves as a good source of natural antioxidants.
THE EFFECT OF HEATING TEMPERATURE ON INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF MANGROVE RHIZOPHORA MUCRONATA FRUIT EXTRACT TOWARD Α-GLUCOSIDASE
Authors: Hardoko Hardoko , Sasmito Bambang B , Puspitasari Yunita E , Okviani Yuyun D , Halim Yuniwaty
Published: July 2018

Objectives: The aim of this research was to determine the effect of heating temperature of mangrove Rhizophora mucronata fruit extract toward its inhibition activity of α-glucosidase. Methods: Research method used was an experimental method with the treatment of heating temperature (70°C, 80°C, 90°C, and 100°C) of crude tannin extract of mangrove R. mucronata fruit on inhibition activity toward α-glucosidase. Results: IC50 of unheated extract and extracts that were heated at 70°C, 80°C, 90°C, and 100°C are adalah 3.38 ppm, 2.79 ppm, 2.97 ppm, 3.19 ppm, and 3.52 ppm, respectively. Heating until 100°C only decreased its inhibition activity of α-glucosidase of about 3.87% compared to unheated extract. Mangrove R. mucronata fruit extract contains phytochemical compounds, i.e., alkaloids, saponin, flavonoids, tannin, and terpenoids. IC50 of this extract is lower compared to IC50 of acarbose (antidiabetic medicine), which as IC50 value of 13.27 ppm. Conclusion: Mangrove R. mucronata fruit extract is quite heat resistant and is potential to be an antidiabetic functional food.
ENHANCED EXTERNAL COUNTERPULSATION EFFECTIVENESS ON CLINICAL PARAMETERS IN DIABETIC AND NON-DIABETIC CORONARY HEART DISEASE PATIENTS
Authors: Singh Vikram , Kumari Girija , Chhajer Bimal , Jhingan Ashok K , Dahiya Saurabh
Published: July 2018

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess the effectiveness of enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) treatment on clinical profile comprising physiological, biochemical, and clinical symptoms of diabetic and non-diabetic coronary heart disease (CHD) patients.Methods: A pretest–posttest designed prospective study with 163 diabetic and non-diabetic CHD patients enrolled in Science and Art of Living Heart Center (SAAOL), New Delhi, India. Angina severity was assessed using Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) angina classification scale and dyspnea status was assessed using medical research council (MRC) scale. The study subjects were followed up for 12 months. Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS v21 software. Descriptive analysis with sample t-test for two independent groups and paired sample t-test for EECP effectiveness within the group was done.Results: A minute difference in body mass index mean (30.1±5.86–29.9±5.62 vs. 27.5±4.17–27.16±3.88) was observed in diabetic and non-diabetic CHD patients, but that was not statistically significant. A significant drop out in blood sugar fasting (166.7±41.9–150.1±23.7), blood sugar postprandial (204.7±64.4–173.2±41.2), and glycosylated hemoglobin (7.9±0.8 to 7.5±0.6) was also observed in diabetic CHD patients from baseline to 12th month after completion of EECP treatment with significant p<0.001, that may be due to EECP treatment. CCS angina classification score and MRC dyspnea score also significantly improved after EECP treatment.Conclusion: EECP treatment may improve clinical symptoms of CHD and lower the blood glucose level in diabetic CHD patients. This treatment may be effective for CHD patients with diabetes mellitus.
LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY TANDEM-MASS SPECTROMETRY METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF PARACETAMOL, GUAIFENESIN, PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE, CHLORPHENIRAMINE MALEATE, AND AMBROXOL HYDROCHLORIDE IN BULK AND IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Potawale Rani S , Gilhotra Ritu M , Gabhe Satish Y
Published: July 2018

Objective: The objective is to study liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for simultaneous quantification of paracetamol (PCM), guaifenesin (GUA), phenylephrine hydrochloride (PE), chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM), and ambroxol hydrochloride (AMB) in tablet dosage form developed and validated as per the International Conference on Harmonization Q2 (R1) guideline. Methods: The chromatograms were developed using a gradient mobile phase of WATER:methanol. Flow rate used was to 0.3 ml/min. Quantitation was performed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode to study parent to product ion transition, for paracetamol. (m/z 152.0 ≥ 110.0), guaifenesin (m/z 199.0 ≥163.0), phenylephrine hydrochloride (m/z 168.0≥ 150.0), chlorpheniramine maleate (m/z 275.0 ≥ 230.0) and ambroxol hydrochloride (m/z 379.0 ≥ 263.8). Results: The retention times were found to be 1.76, 1.81, 1.90, 2.10, and 2.33 min for PCM, GUA, PE, CPM, and AMB, respectively. The linearity of the method was found to be in the concentration range of 10–200 ng/ml for PCM, GUA, PE, CPM, and AMB. Percentage relative standard deviation values for repeatability and intermediate precision studies were below 2%. Conclusion: Developed method was found to be robust, precise, accurate, rapid and can be used to analyze fixed-dose tablet formulation used in the study.
MICROBIAL ETIOLOGY AND ANTIBACTERIAL RESISTANCE PATTERNS OF DACRYOCYSTORHINOSTOMY CASES IN THE NORTH OF IRAN S
Authors: Nemati Shadman , Mojtahedi Ali , Montazeri Sina , Alizadeh Pahlavan Pegah
Published: July 2018

Objective: Nasolacrimal duct obstruction is an annoying medical condition in both ophthalmology and otolaryngology practices. As prophylactic antibiotic therapy decreases the rates of infections, understanding the prompt microbial spectrum of the pathogens has been revealed to be highly effective in such patients. We evaluated the microbial growth and bacterial resistance patterns of Bodkin tube samples obtained from patients who underwent dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR).Methods: A total number of 72 patients were enrolled in the study, and their Bodkin tube samples were cultured 8–12 weeks after DCR at Amir-Al Momenin University Hospital of Rasht, in the north of Iran.Results: Staphylococcus epidermidis and Aspergillus fumigatus were the most common bacterial and fungal species derived from the cultures, and 23.6% and 36.1% of the patients had neither bacterial nor fungal growth, respectively. The highest antibiotic resistance rates were toward cefazolin and cloxacillin among all the studied antibiotics.Conclusion: Majority of cases had positive bacterial or fungal growth in their samples. Considering microbial resistance, proper antibiotic selection is recommended for the patients undergoing DCR.
A REVIEW ON PROTEIN TYROSINE PHOSPHATASES - AN IMPORTANT TARGET FOR VARIOUS DISEASES
Authors: R Venkataraghavan , Devi P Brindha , S Ivo Romauld
Published: July 2018

The enzyme protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) is responsible for the regulation of cellular functions including cell growth, replication, and signal transduction. Dysregulation of this enzyme leads to various diseases including Type II diabetes and cancers as well. The PTP enzyme functions as a promising drug target for these diseases, leading to new innovations in developing new drug targets in the field of clinical studies and pharmacology. The PTP is considered as the next generation drug targets. The protein tyrosine drug targets can be targeted to cure the diseases caused due to its dysregulations. However, due to its complex structure and highly conserved active sites are the major challenges which block this strategy. Moreover, two enzyme proteins PTP A and PTP B of PTP enzyme family are essential for the survival of Mycobacterium in host macrophages and cause infection resulting in chronic tuberculosis. The novel drug-like properties of L335-M34 and L01Z08 compounds are selective inhibitors of this enzyme responsible for the tuberculosis virulence in mammals. Some of the commercial inhibitors such as ertiprotafib, arylbenzonaphthofurans, and arylbenzonaphthothiophenes have also proven to inhibit the enzyme’s virulence. This review summarizes the latest innovations to lead a map for developing new innovative drugs against the various classes of target enzymes of tyrosine phosphatase.
CURRENT STRATEGIES IN THE TREATMENT OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Td Neethu , Alias Mebin
Published: July 2018

Objective: The objective of the study was to analyze and review the current knowledge about the principles of treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), World Health Organization treatment regimen to treat MDR-TB, mechanism of resistance, and risk factors for emergence of resistance, and novel antitubercular drugs (ATDs) available and control measures to improve treatment outcomes of MDR-TB.Methods: Various articles were reviewed from PubMed and other databases and were analyzed to write the review.Results: Mycobacterium is a largely curable infectious disease if proper treatment should be followed. The success of the treatment depends on the designing of proper treatment regimen and patient adherence to that medication.Conclusion: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is now the most lethal infectious pathogen. Drug resistance has become a major problem in the treatment of TB. In MDR-TB, the bacteria is resistant to at least isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF), and in extensively drug-resistant TB the bacteria is resistant to INH, RIF, any fluoroquinolone, and at least one of three injectable second-line drugs for TB such as kanamycin, capreomycin, and amikacin. More recently, a more worrying situation has emerged with the description of M. tuberculosis strains that have been found resistant to all antibiotics that were available for testing, a situation labeled as totally drug resistant-TB. Other reasons like poor planning by the authorities and the government may also result in the emergence of resistant strain. Rather than the effective chemotherapy and the moderately protective vaccine, new anti-TB agents, and novel controlled release nanoparticulate system like polymeric nanocarrier systems containing existing ATDs are urgently needed to decrease the global incidence of TB.
ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF L-TRYPTOPHAN ON EXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETALACTAMASE PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA COLI STRAINS: A PATHOLOGICAL PROMISING APPROACH
Authors: Sah Saroj Kumar , Rasool Ubaid , B Shanthi , R Jayprakash , D Easwaramoorthy , S Hemalatha
Published: July 2018

Objective: The main aim of this study was to determine the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production among 83 isolates of Escherichia coli as well as the antibacterial effect of a novel compound, L-Tryptophan Schiff base, on 10 different ESBL positive strains of E. coli. Methods: Phenotypic ESBL activity in E. coli was confirmed by combined disc diffusion test according to clinical laboratory standard institute guidelines. Phenotypically positive ESBL clinical isolates were selected for molecular screening for synchronized detection of blaCTX-M-15 gene. Antibacterial activity of L-Tryptophan Schiff base was evaluated against ESBL positive isolates. The effect of L-Tryptophan Schiff base on a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified a product of CTX-M-15 gene was also evaluated.Results: Antibiotic susceptibility screening showed resistance of ESBL positive isolates in the range of 18–96%. Disc diffusion test for phenotypic ESBL detection revealed that 99% (83/83) of isolates showed resistance to third and fourth generation cephalosporins (ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and cefepime) including ampicillin. L-Tryptophan Schiff base showed antimicrobial effect on E. coli. Molecular analysis for ESBL detection showed that 60% of strains were positive for blaCTX-M-15 gene. L-Tryptophan Schiff base also had downregulating effect on CTX-M-15 gene.Conclusion: This study presented an approach toward finding a suitable drug to reduce the serious infections caused by ESBL positive microorganisms. Phenotypic as well as molecular characterization was performed to get knowledge about the overall behavior of ESBL positive isolates of E. coli. L-Tryptophan Schiff base showed good antibacterial properties against ESBL positive isolates and a downregulating effect on PCR amplified product of CTX-M-15.
MICROWAVE-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF PHENYLACRYLAMIDE DERIVATIVES OF TRIAZOLES DERIVED FROM OXAZOLONES
Authors: Puli Venkat Swamy , Kumar Vukoti Kiran , Regalla Venkata Reddy , Chatterjee Anindita
Published: July 2018

Objective: The aim of the present study is to synthesize novel phenylacrylamide derivatives as potent bioactive agents.Methods: Novel N-(3-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ylamino)-3-oxo-1-arylidene prop-2-yl) benzimidic acids (7a-c) have been synthesized by the reaction of 4-(arylidene)-2-phenyloxazol-5(4H)-ones (5a-c) with 4-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole (6) in the presence of anhydrous sodium acetate in glacial acetic acid. Titled compounds (7a-c) were obtained in good yields using microwave technology which resulted in dramatic reductions in reaction times leading to the formation of phenylacrylamide derivatives (7a-c) at a faster rate.Results: The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectral studies. This method can be an efficient method for the synthesis of phenylacrylamide derivatives (7a-c).Conclusion: All the final compounds were screened for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and found to be biologically active. Among all the compounds, 7b was found to be potent antimicrobial and antioxidant.
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF DEEP CLEANSING EXFOLIATOR
Authors: X Fatima Grace , B Anbarasan , T Kanimozhi , S Shanmuganathan
Published: July 2018

Objectives: The objective of the present study is to formulate an exfoliant using natural ingredients along with diatoms. Skin care products are important factor to improve confidence in individuals. Health of an individual is mainly represented by skin which is the major part of the body. Skin can be affected by several environmental factors such as ultraviolet rays, pollution, dust, and climatic changes that can intensify issues related to skin. Environmental causes can be prevented from skin damage by treating with topical application of synthetic or herbal cosmetics.Methods: In this preparation, diatoms are used, derived from marine phytoplankton which may contain a small quantity of muddy sludge, sand, and debris. Other natural ingredients are kiwi fruit, almond, and coffee seeds. Esthetic ingredients used in this preparation include pH modifiers, viscolysers, and surfactants. Among these ingredients, diatoms and coffee seeds attribute to the exfoliating activity of the preparation.Results: The prepared gel was evaluated for various parameters such as color, odor, consistency, pH, viscosity, spreadability, washability, grittiness, foamability, irritability, and extrudability. The results were found to be satisfactory.Conclusion: The present work was attempted to make a herbal exfoliant using suitable base to form a gel. Since diatoms are natural exfoliating agent, they are incorporated into the formulation which increases the efficiency of the product. Various parameters have been evaluated providing satisfactory result and improve the appearance of the skin without any side effects.
DEVELOPMENT AND STABILITY EVALUATION OF VAGINAL SUPPOSITORY CONTAINING GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA L. FOR THE TREATMENT OF CANDIDA ALBICANS INFECTION
Authors: Sirilun Sasithorn , Sivamaruthi Bhagavathi Sundaram , Kesika Periyanaina , Pengkumsri Noppawat , Tuntisuwanno Nucharee , Chaiyasut Khontaros , Peerajan Sartjin , Chaiyasut Chaiyavat
Published: July 2018

Objective: The present study assessed the antioxidant activity, phytochemical content, and anti-Candida albicans property of ethanolic extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (licorice). In addition, suppository formula (SF) was developed with licorice extract (LE), and the stability of SF was evaluated.Methods: The total phenolic and flavonoid content was measured by colorimetric methods. 2, 2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), inhibition of lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), and superoxide (SO) radical scavenging assays were performed to evaluate antioxidant property. Antimicrobial activity was determined by plating method. The active principle was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography method.Results: The licorice sample was extracted with 95% ethanol, and 26.91±1.35% of yield was observed. The LE contains phenolic acids (167.70±3.18 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract), flavonoids (162.53±9.95 mg quercetin equivalent/g extract), and glabridin (3.90±0.05 mg/g extract). LE exhibited the scavenging activity in terms of 810.53±25.37 μM of Trolox equivalent/mg of extract, 165.04±5.10 μM of FeSO4 equivalent/mg of extract, and 3750.35±1.25, 68.25±0.07, and 511±0.80 μM of Trolox equivalent/mg of extract in ABTS, FRAP, LPO, NO, and SO assays, respectively. About ≥62.50, ≥125, and ≥250 μg/mL of LE was recorded as minimal inhibitory concentration against C. albicans, Lactobacillus casei, and Lactobacillus acidophilus, respectively. The SF was formulated and the stability was evaluated. The activity and color of SFs did not differ on storage. Moreover, no spot formation was observed.Conclusion: The SF with LE could be the safe therapeutic strategy for the treatment of candida infection in vaginal region.
EFFECT OF INTRAVENOUS VERSUS INTRATHECAL DEXMEDETOMIDINE ON CHARACTERISTICS OF HYPERBARIC BUPIVACAINE SPINAL ANESTHESIA IN LOWER LIMB SURGERY
Authors: Senapati Laxman K , Samanta Priyadarsini
Published: July 2018

Objectives: Dexmedetomidine was shown to prolong the duration of spinal anesthesia and enhance post-operative analgesia. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of intravenous (IV) versus intrathecal (IT) administration of dexmedetomidine on bupivacaine spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing lower limb surgery.Methods: A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted during the year 2014–15. 60 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I–II aged 18–60 years scheduled for lower limb surgery under spinal anesthesia were assigned randomly to two groups: (1) IT group (IT group) (n=30) patients received 3 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine and 5 μg of dexmedetomidine intrathecally (100 μg/1 ml ampoule drawn in 40 IU/ml insulin syringe making 5 μg=2 IU=0.05 ml) and (2) IV group (IV group) (n=30) received 3 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine and 0.05 ml of normal saline intrathecally followed 5 min later by IV dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg by infusion pump over 10 min as a single dose.Results: The IT group had a statistically significantly earlier sensory onset to T10 and shorter time from injection to highest sensory level (p<0.001). The regression times of two dermatomes, regression time to S1 dermatome and time to reach Bromage 3 motor block were significantly less in the IT group, whereas regression time to Bromage 0 was prolonged (p<0.001). The IT group showed a significantly longer time to the use of rescue analgesia and less analgesic consumption in first 24 h than the IV group (p<0.001). Furthermore, the intensity of pain was significantly less in the IT group as compared to IV group (p<0.001). Compared with IV group, the IT group had low sedation score, fewer overall side effects, which was statistically not significant (p>0.05).Conclusion: In bupivacaine spinal anesthesia for limb surgeries, dexmedetomidine, when administered intrathecally, has greater augmentation to sensory and motor block, more hemodynamic stability, better analgesic properties, and fewer overall side effects compared to the IV route of administration.
FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT, CHARACTERIZATION, AND IN VITRO-IN VIVO STUDY OF ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC DRUG ROSUVASTATIN CALCIUM - SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Singh Harjeet , Gupta Ram Dayal , Gautam Girendra
Published: July 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to formulate and optimize solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for the enhancement of solubility and bioavailability of the poorly aqueous soluble drug rosuvastatin calcium.Methods: SLNs were prepared by slight modification of solvent emulsification-diffusion technique and analyzed for particle size, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, stability, and pharmacokinetic studies. Rosuvastatin calcium SLNs were formulated using stearic acid as main lipid, poloxamer 407 as surfactant, and Tween 80 as cosurfactant.Results: All parameters were found to be in an acceptable range. Optimized formulation OR2 SLNs have shown mean particle size 115.49±2.97 nm with polydispersity index value of 0.456, zeta potential - 18.40 mV, 60.34% drug loading, and 97.16% drug entrapment efficiency. In vitro drug release was found to be 88.70±3.59% after 12 h with sustained release and was fitted with Higuchi model with a very high correlation coefficient (R2=0.9905). Transmission electron microscopy confirms that the SLNs of selected optimized formulation are circular in shape. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction confirm the formation of amorphous product. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance studies confirm the intermolecular hydrogen bonding between drug and lipid. Pharmacokinetic studies showed an optimized formulation OR2 SLNs enhanced bioavailability with 4.44-fold as compare to plain drug suspension. Optimized formulation OR2 SLNs have shown good stability at 25±2°C and 60±5°C relative humidity for 180 days.Conclusion: Thus, the current study can be useful for the successful development of optimized SLNs and able to enhance the bioavailability of poorly soluble drug rosuvastatin calcium.
PREVALENCE OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY AND ASSESSMENT OF LIPID PROFILE AND FASTING BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS AMONG FEMALE PREMEDICAL STUDENTS AT NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY, NNEWI CAMPUS, NIGERIA
Authors: Onwubuya Emmanuel Ikechukwu , Ukibe Nkiruka Rose , Kalu Ofia Anya , Emelumadu Obiageli Fidelia , Monago Ifeoma Nwamaka , Ukibe Solomon Nwabueze
Published: July 2018

Objective: Obesity is a major public health issue and a significant risk factor for metabolic disorders. This prospective study was aimed at evaluating the prevalence of obesity, lipid profiles, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) among female premedical students of NAU, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria.Methods: A total of 320 female premedical students aged 18–35 years were recruited. The participants were classified using Body mass index(BMI) as underweight (35), overweight (104), obese (26), and control (155). FBG and lipids were estimated using enzymatic methods. Obesity was assessed using BMI and waist circumference. Blood pressure (BP) was measured using accoson sphygmomanometer.Results: The study observed 10.9% underweight, 32.5% overweight, and 8.1% obesity. Underweight was higher among participants aged 18–23 years (48.6%), while overweight and obesity were more among participants aged 24–29 years (57.7% and 53.8%). Central obesity was observed in 28.8% of participants. BPs were higher in obese and overweight participants than in other groups. FBG was higher in obese and overweight participants than in other groups. The mean total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) were significantly higher in obese and overweight participants, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) was significantly lower when compared to their corresponding values in underweight and control participants (p<0.05).Conclusions: The study showed high prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity among the study population. The significantly higher levels of TC, LDLC, FBG, and elevated BP with significantly lower HDLC in overweight and obese participants compared to control suggests a possible risk of dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. The significant correlation between the lipid parameters, FBG, and anthropometric indices suggests high-risk cardiovascular disorders.
BIOACTIVITY-GUIDED ISOLATION OF MEMORY-ENHANCING COMPOUND FROM CHLOROFORM EXTRACT OF ROOTS OF PLUMBAGO ZEYLANICA LINN.
Authors: Uplanchiwar Vaibhav , Mk Gupta , Gautam Rupesh K
Published: July 2018

Aim: The main aim of our study is to isolate the active compound from roots of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. by bioactivity-guided isolation and evaluate its memory-enhancing effect by Morris water maze.Methods: Roots were extracted by successive solvent methods by petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, butanol, and finally, water. Chloroform extract was selected for isolation, and plumbagin was isolated by hexane and ethyl acetate as solvent system. Plumbagin was evaluated by Morris water test, and brain acetylcholine esterase level was measured.Result: Plumbagin showed a significant decrease of escape latency and increase of time spent in target quadrant by mice in Morris water maze indicating improvement of learning and memory. It also significantly decreases the cholinesterase level in the brain.Conclusion: Learning and memory of mice doubtless may be through embarrassment of brain acetyl cholinesterase activity and through involvement of GABA-benzodiazepine pathway. Further detailed study is required to explore the other possible mechanisms for the management of cognitive disorders.
Current Regulatory requirements for Registration of Nutraceuticals in India and USA
Authors: Jain Pooja Nemichand , Rathod Meera H. , Jain Vineet C. , S. M. Vijayendraswamy
Published: July 2018

There is growing recognition of the potential role for nutraceuticals and dietary supplements in helping to reduce health risks and improve health quality. Pharmaceutical and nutritional companies are aware of the monetary success taking advantage of the nutraceuticals and dietary supplements. Nutraceuticals has proven health benefits and their Consumption will keep disease at bay and allow humans to maintain an overall good health. Functional foods and internationally products represent a value added growth opportunity both domestically and internationally. Development of better characterized and research proven products will help enhance consumer confidence in nutraceutical and functional food products in the world. Regulatory aspects of such products were in a state of confusion in 20th century. Till date the regulations are not harmonized for the globe and change from country to country. But now it is clearly understood that the regulations for clinical evidence and safety of such products cannot be less stringent than rules for modern medicines and thus the science of nutraceutical is progressing. The global nutraceutical market will reach $285.0 billion by 2021 from $198.7 billion in 2016 at CAGR of 7.5% from 2016-2021. The present research has been devoted towards better understanding of the nutraceuticals and its regulation in India and USA.
Establishment of blending control for Hand operated Double Cone Blender
Authors: Subba Rao Bayya , Raveendran Anuroop , Baki Ratnakar , Jinuka Adithya
Published: July 2018

In the current study, a fundamental approach is used to establish operation procedure, for a hand operated double cone blender.  Initially, assuming for a potent drug, where in, the strength of the drug is very less in the final dosage form, a one percent concentration of potassium permanganate with respect to final one kilogram of blended powder using starch as diluent was planned.  With a kind of geometric progression method, at a rate of 10 rotations per minute, the final outcome of the uniform distribution of the potassium permanganate was found to be for at least for fourteen hours of rotations, leading to concentration range of potassium permanganate 0.08 ± 0.025 mg per mg of final blended powder.
Regulatory requirements for the approval of Anti-Cancer drug (Mercaptopurine) in Myanmar as per ACTD
Authors: Rathod Meera Hasmukhbhai , Jain Pooja N. , Jain Vineet C. , S. M. Swamy Vijyendra
Published: July 2018

South East Asian pharmaceutical market is growing rapidly. In Asian country, The regulatory environment is similar among all countries. But still requirements and process of registration is varying among countries of Asian region. Although ACTD is harmonized for all ten countries but still every country differ in some of the local requirements such as administrative, technical, clinical and non clinical documents. Among this country Myanmar systematically regulate the manufacture, import, export, storage, distribution and sale of drugs. Aim of the present study is To discuss emerging challenges and requirements posed by compulsory licensing for drugs in diseases such as cancer. In this article we have observed documents requires for registration of Mercaptopurine drug belonging to anti – cancer category in Myanmar. Documents like batch manufacturing record, process validation records, stability study which include long term and accelerated stability studies as per zone specification of Myanmar, packing requirements for anti – cancer drug and certificate for product permission required for registration, which has covered all aspects from manufacturing to its packing and registration. This article will give the easy understanding on the drug registration requirements for anti – cancer drug such as Mercaptopurine in Myanmar.
Regulatory requirements for Drug master file in context to Canada and Australia
Authors: Danej Meghna , Dedania Ronak , Gandhi Sanket , Randeria Juhi , Gaurav Kankrej
Published: July 2018

Drug Master Files are required in most countries as supporting documents for the registration of drug products. DMFs generally contain information pertaining to the chemistry, manufacturing and controls (CMC) sections of the drug submission and reflect the drug’s identity, strength, purity and quality. Canada and Australia which are consider as highly regulated markets (HRMs). In CANADA, DMF filing was done through New Drug Submission (NDS) for both drugs and biologic products. They use MF terminology for DMF which contain four types of MASTER FILE- ASMFs, CCS MFs, Excipient MFs, Drug product MFs. In AUSTRALIA different application processes and regulatory requirements apply depending on the type of therapeutic goods that is applied. They consist of eight phase for DMF registration. Where EU guidelines adopted in Australia include references to EU legislation. Now from 2016 onwards most of the regulated countries will use eCTD or their electronic format for their DMF submission. Compare DMF regulatory requirements in the above-mentioned countries so that reader can have clear idea on how to file DMF.
Comparative Study of Triglyceride Level in Ischemic Heart Disease Patients in different age groups of Patients in south east Rajasthan
Authors: Underwal Darab Singh , Pandey Sushma , Gupta Deepak
Published: July 2018

Backgrounds: Elevated body triglycerides have been implicated as a risk factor of ischemic heart disease (IHD).Objectives: To study the association of serum triglyceride with ischemic heart disease and to assess the relationship of serum triglyceride with other established conventional risk factors.Methods: A cross sectional case-control study of 75 cases of IHD and 75 controls without having any evidence of IHD/CHD between age group 30-70 years. Serum triglyceride levels were estimated by using Colorimetric Method and other risk factors by enzymatic methods.Results: Mean serum triglyceride (263.674 ± 89.029mg/dl) was significantly higher in cases than controls (98.833 ± 62.682mg/dl). Amongst the patients of IHD, significantly higher level of Serum triglyceride was found in diabetics (340.63±90.78mg/dl) than non-diabetics (225.19±58.30mg/dl), male elderly (>60years of age) smokers (304.20±88.60mg/dl) compared to non smoker (206.37±48.88mg/dl), elderly male with high (>150mg/dl) LDL (323.48±86.73mg/dl) compared to patients with normal (<150mg/dl) LDL (249.33±66.12 mg/dl). Similarly male patients of IHD with high (>40mg/dl) VLDL had significantly higher serum triglyceride (326.49±77.95mg/dl) compared to male patients with normal (<40mg/dl) VLDL (257.18±85.46mg/dl).Conclusion: High serum triglyceride level (>200mg/dl) may provide a cost effective tool for predicting an impending ischemic heart disease especially in diabetic patients, male elderly smokers, elderly males with high LDL, male patients of ischemic heart disease with high VLDL level.
THE PRESENT DAY PERCEPTION OF THE PROBLEM OF IMMUNE RESTORATION OF UPON ART
Authors: Belyakov N. A. , Trofimova T. N. , Boeva E. V. , Semenova M. D.
Published: July 2018

Antiretroviral therapy (ART), which is intended to inhibit HIV replication, promotes partial restoration or activation of immunity. In many patients who have severe immunosuppression, ART may increase the risk of development of immune restoration syndrome (IRS), which is associated with the manifestations of opportunistic and secondary diseases that lead to worsening of the general health of patients and to their death. The present paper addresses IRS-related terminology, the risk factors of IRS development, and IRS pathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical and laboratory manifestations. Special attention is paid to secondary and opportunistic infections associated with IRS and to the possibilities of pharmacotherapy for IRS and its complications. Characteristic radiological manifestations of brain lesions upon IRS are described as they as associated with different pathogenic factors upon initially poor immunity. It is hard to assess IRS incidence inRussia: IRS is diagnosed seldom becauseВИЧинфекция и иммуносупрессии,2018 г., Том 10, № 2 15 of the ambiguity of its clinical picture. A combination of the main clinical and laboratory manifestations of the syndrome is suggested to help in IRS diagnosis. IRS prevention is based on reasonable regiments of ART following preventing therapy for possible manifested infections and also on early ART onset upon steady CD4 cell counts and low HIV RNA blood levels.
PREVALENCE OF OPTICAL DRUG ABUSE, INCLUDING COMBINED WITH HIV INFECTION, IN THE PRIMORSKIY KRAI
Authors: Sharkova V. A. , Kovalev I. A. , Sklyar L. F. , Beniova S. N. , Yuсhimenko A. V. , Miсhaleva L. D.
Published: July 2018

The purpose of the study was to study the dynamics of the spread of narcological diseases, opium addiction, including HIV-related co-infection in Primorsky Krai in 2004–2016 in comparison with the indicators ofRussiaand the Far Eastern Federal District. Materials and methods. The official statistics, the data on the registration of narcological diseases of the Regional Clinical Hospital «Regional Narcological Dispensary», the data on the registration of HIV infection in the State Regional Clinical Hospital «Regional Clinical Hospital № 2 — Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases» were used. Results. Against the background of a decrease in the primary incidence of drug addiction in theRussian Federation, there has been an increase in Primorsky Krai, the main factor of HIV infection in the province remains intravenous drug use, which has an impact on the spread of the incidence of HIV infection. Conclusion: An analysis of the prevalence and prevalence of opiate addiction and HIV infection reﬂects the direct relationship between injecting drug use and HIV infection. The presented materials reveal the patterns of drug abuse, which is necessary for clarifying the reasons for the broad expansion of drugs, for resolving the issues of organizing narcological care, including those with comorbid pathology.
CURRENT ISSUES IN NAVY SURGEONS TRAINING
Authors: Solovyev I. A. , Rukhliada N. A. , Utochkin A. P. , Titov R. V. , Kolunov A. V.
Published: July 2018

At the Department of Navy Surgery, military students are educated according to the three main principles: adherence to the proﬁle of the Department, emergency surgery under conditions speciﬁc for Navy, and continuing education. The Department educates in surgery academic years 4, 5 and 6 students of Faculty IV. The following disciplines are taught: «Faculty Surgery and Urology», «Hospital and Pediatric Surgery», and «Navy Surgery». Thematic navy surgery lessons are conducted at a training simulator reproducing the mess room of the modern diesel submarine «Varshavianka», which has been constructed at the shipbuilding enterprise «Admiralteyskiye Verﬁ». Special attention in training is paid to combined mechanical and hypothermic lesions, a theme of undoubtful applied value. NATO nations are currently intensifying their military activities inArctic. In response, we restore out navy base on Novosibirsk Isles, as President V. V. Putin has proclaimed. The staff members of the Department involved in medical services for the arctic convoys that travel toKotelnyiIslandconvey their experience to students at lectures and training sessions. To provide students, especially postgraduates, adequately with emergency patients, the Department makes use of other clinical bases, such as I. I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Acute Care, Hospitals No. 14, 17 and 38, and Oncological Dispensary of Leningrad Oblast. It should be noted that, whereas at the ﬁrst two of the medical facilities emphasis is put on the tactics of abdominal emergency surgery under conditions prevalent in navy ships and divisions, emphasis at Hospital No. 14 is put not only on the theory of emergency care in cases of acute putrescent infections but also and even more on practical experience in local anesthesia. The key issue of military preparedness of navy ships medical services is the continuity of training in navy surgery.
ASSESSMENT OF VIABILITY UNDER EXTREME CONDITIONS
Authors: Kotovskaya S. V. , Mosiagin I. G. , Boyko I. M.
Published: July 2018

In the present-time turbulent world, people involved in extreme types of activities are perpetually challenged by their professional duties. Many promising studied address safeguarding of mental conditions and of professional longevity and prevention of destructive professional factors. Searching for coping mechanisms that operate due to the internal mental resources was instrumental for developing the concept of viability. This concept becomes increasingly demanded in Russian psychology in both theoretical and practical terms. It is most important to study viability of specialists in the extreme types of professions that deal with catastrophes of different origins where it is necessary to not only master an extreme situation and fulﬁl the assigned task, but also to stay viable, in the professional terms, too. The present paper describes a highly informative and, at the same time, simple and understandable approach to assessing the viability of professional in hard jobs. The approach may be used for psychological professional selection and for correction and prevention of mental problems. The negative components of viability index were found, based on empirical and statistical data, to include skeptical attitudes to interpersonal relationships, dysthymia, anxiety, and paranoid traits.
CONTRIBUTION OF SEABERS OF THE SIBERIAN MILITARY NAVY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RESORT IN THE FAR EAST OF RUSSIA
Authors: Zavgorudko V. N. , Kortelev V. V.
Published: July 2018

The authors attempted to create an integrated picture of the contribution of the sailors of the Siberian Navy to the establishment of a resort system in the Far East of Russia. The article contains historical information since the creation of the Russian military ﬂotilla in theFar Eastfrom the XVIII to the end of the XIX century. The contribution of outstanding historical ﬁgures, the will of fate turned out to be the ﬁrst on mineral springs or contributed to their discovery and development is described. The contribution of the staff of the Far Eastern State Medical University to the study of the mechanism of action of mineral water and the expansion of indications for its application.
OFFICES WORK AT THE OTOLARYNGOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF KRONSTADT HOSPITAL DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR
Authors: Chechko A. N.
Published: July 2018

Several years have already passed after the seventieth anniversary of German fascism ruining by Red Army and the Navy ﬂeet of theUSSR, which withstood most of the burden imposed by World War II on nations involved in it. There is now no Nazi Germany; however, the tragedy that the human race suffered because of fascism will long be in spotlight for history and military science. Military medicine, in particular Navy, will too learn much from what was happening then. One of the aspects of the history of Navy medicine relates to the prominent constellation of navy doctors who were fulﬁlling their duties at Lenin Order Navy Hospital No. 35. Their deserves, which were honored with numerous national and governmental rewards, are addressed in the present paper.
Coxiella burnetii infection in sheep and goats: a public risk health, Colombia
Authors: Contreras Verónica , Gonzalez Marco , Alvarez Jaime , Mattar Salim
Published: July 2018

Objective. The aim of this study was to provide molecular evidence of C. burnetii in sheep and goats from some herds of Valledupar, Cesar, Colombia.Materials and methods. Fifteen herds of sheep and goats were chosen by convenience to investigate the infection by C. burnetii, during March and April of 2013. 328 female goats and 66 sheep from 15 herds were included in this study. Milk from ewes and vaginal mucus samples from goats were analyzed by Polymerase Chain Reaction for DNA detection of transposase gene (IS1111) of C. burnetii.Results. DNA of C. burnetii in 6% (4/66) of sheep’s milk and 0.6% (2/328) vaginal mucus from goats was found. 13% (2/15) of the herds had at least one infected animal.Discussion. Our findings suggest the circulation of C. burnetii in sheep and goats from some herds of Valledupar, Colombia, and it highlights the possibility of occurrence of infections in humans and animals.Conclusions. The detection of C. burnetii in sheep milk could represent a public health risk factor for people who consuming raw milk, cheeses or people associated to agricultura and livestock handling. Further studies are necessary to evaluate other routes such as tick’s bite, feces, milk from goats and vaginal mucus from sheep of this region of Colombia.
Costo-efectividad de pruebas para el diagnóstico de geohelmintiasis: Revisión sistemática de la literatura
Authors: Cardona-Arias Jaiberth Antonio , Restrepo Posada Deisy Cristina
Published: July 2018

Introducción: Existen diversas pruebas para el diagnóstico de las geohelmintiasis, con múltiples estudios que demuestran la heterogeneidad en su validez diagnóstica y pocos que aluden su costo-efectividad.Objetivo: Sistematizar las evaluaciones económicas sobre las pruebas aplicadas en el diagnóstico de geohelmintos.Métodos: Revisión sistemática en seis bases de datos con 24 estrategias de búsqueda. Se aplicó un protocolo de selección de estudios, garantizando exhaustividad, reproducibilidad y evaluación de la calidad metodológica. Se realizó síntesis cualitativa de la información.Resultados: En la literatura científica mundial sólo se dispone de cuatro evaluaciones económicas completas para el diagnóstico de geo-helmintos, en la modalidad de estudios de costo-efectividad; en éstas se evaluaron cinco pruebas en 247 adultos y 6.708 niños. En los desenlaces en salud empleados se encontraron la proporción de pacientes positivos y algunos parámetros de validez diagnóstica como la sensibilidad y la especificidad, mientras que los costos se circunscribieron a insumos y salarios. Estos hallazgos ponen de manifiesto la baja aplicación de los recursos teóricos y metodológicos de la economía de la salud en el diagnóstico de las geohelmintiasis.Conclusión: Las evaluaciones económicas de pruebas para el diagnóstico de geohelmintos y parásitos intestinales en general son exiguas en el ámbito mundial y los pocos estudios disponibles presentan limitaciones de validez interna y externa que impiden la aplicación de sus resultados a otros ámbitos.
Comparación de la prueba tridimensional con PCR múltiple, para detección de carbapenemasas
Authors: Múnera-Jaramillo María Isabel , Castrillón-Álvarez Marlon , Gutiérrez-Cadavidg Xiomara , Cuartas-Trujillo Mónica Cecilia , Ramírez-Puerta Blanca Susana
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: Comparar la prueba fenotípica para la detección de carbapenemasas (Prueba Tridimensional -THT), con la prueba de biología molecular, reacción de polimerasa en cadena (PCR múltiple), para la detección de genes de resistencia.Materiales y métodos: De un total de 118 aislamientos de cepas de bacterias Gram negativas, del programa de vigilancia de multirresistencia en un hospital de tercer nivel, fueron evaluadas para la detección de carbapenemasas por Test de Hodge tridimensional (THT) y PCR Múltiple. Se hicieron cálculos de sensibilidad, especificidad, VPP, VPN, índice de validez e índice de Youden (IY), con sus intervalos de confianza.Resultados: Se observó que la prueba THT en comparación con PCR, presentó una sensibilidad de 98,41% (IC 95% 94,53 - 100), la especificidad fue de 83,64% (IC 95% 72,95 – 94,32) y los valores predictivos positivo y negativo fueron respectivamente 87,32 (IC 95% 78,88 – 95,77) y 97,87 (IC 95% 92,68 - 100). El índice de Youden fue 0,82 (IC 95% 0,72 – 0,92) y el índice de validez 91,53% (IC 95% 86,08 – 96,97)Conclusión: La prueba tridimensional de Hodge (THT), para detección de resistencia a carbapenémicos, puede ser una prueba de rutina útil en el laboratorio para sugerir resistencia por carbapenemasas