bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immediate implant placement combining socket seal abutment and peri‐implant socket filling: A prospective case series
Authors: Lilet Romane , Desiron Martin , Finelle Gary , Lecloux Geoffrey , Seidel Laurence , Lambert France
Published: September 2021

Objectives

The aim of this prospective case series was to assess the implant outcomes as well as hard and soft tissue dimensional changes of immediate implant placement in posterior sites using a custom‐made sealing socket abutment (SSA) combined to peri‐implant socket filling (PISF).

Material and methods

Twenty patients were considered for single extraction and immediate implant in upper or lower posterior regions. The remaining peri‐implant sockets were filled with Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral. Based on intra‐oral scans (IOS), custom‐made SSAs were placed the same day. Implant survival rate, peri‐implant bone changes, peri‐implant health and pink esthetic score (PES) were recorded up to 1 year post‐implant placement. Moreover, CBCT and IOS were performed to monitor hard and soft tissue dimensional changes.

Results

One implant failed to osseointegrate leading to an implant survival rate of 95% after 1 year. Peri‐implant bone changes yielded 0.19 ± 0.31 mm and 84.2% of the implants displayed no or mild bleeding on probing. Horizontal bone remodeling was not significant from baseline to 1 year at any levels. Finally, soft tissue profile was stable in the most cervical area while minor changes occurred during the first 6 months below the gingival margin. The absence of mid‐buccal recession (0.07 mm) and good PES were found after 1 year.

Conclusion

Despite its limitations, this study showed that immediate implants in the posterior region using the SSA + PISF protocol resulted in promising implant outcomes with limited hard and soft tissue dimensional changes while decreasing the overall treatment time.
The role of vascular dementia associated genes in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A large case–control study in the Chinese population
Authors: Xiao Xuewen , Guo Lina , Liao Xinxin , Zhou Yafang , Zhang Weiwei , Zhou Lu , Wang Xin , Liu Xixi , Liu Hui , Xu Tianyan , Zhu Yuan , Yang Qijie , Hao Xiaoli , Liu Yingzi , Wang Junling , Li Jinchen , Jiao Bin , Shen Lu
Published: September 2021

Aim

The role of vascular dementia (VaD)‐associated genes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains elusive despite similar clinical and pathological features. We aimed to explore the relationship between these genes and AD in the Chinese population.

Methods

Eight VaD‐associated genes were screened by a targeted sequencing panel in a sample of 3604 individuals comprising 1192 AD patients and 2412 cognitively normal controls. Variants were categorized into common variants and rare variants according to minor allele frequency (MAF). Common variant (MAF ≥ 0.01)‐based association analysis was conducted by PLINK 1.9. Rare variant (MAF < 0.01) association study and gene‐based aggregation testing of rare variants were performed by PLINK 1.9 and Sequence Kernel Association Test‐Optimal (SKAT‐O test), respectively. Age at onset (AAO) and Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) association studies were performed with PLINK 1.9. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, and APOE ε4 status.

Results

Four common COL4A1 variants, including rs874203, rs874204, rs16975492, and rs1373744, exhibited suggestive associations with AD. Five rare variants, NOTCH3 rs201436750, COL4A1 rs747972545, COL4A1 rs201481886, CST3 rs765692764, and CST3 rs140837441, showed nominal association with AD risk. Gene‐based aggregation testing revealed that HTRA1 was nominally associated with AD. In the AAO and MMSE association studies, variants in GSN, ITM2B, and COL4A1 reached suggestive significance.

Conclusion

Common variants in COL4A1 and rare variants in HTRA1, NOTCH3, COL4A1, and CST3 may be implicated in AD pathogenesis. Besides, GSN, ITM2B, and COL4A1 are probably involved in the development of AD endophenotypes.
The potential for applying “Nonviolent Communication” in conservation science
Authors: Williams Brooke A. , Simmons B. Alexander , Ward Michelle , Beher Jutta , Dean Angela J. , Nou Tida , Kenyon Tania M. , Davey Madeline , Melton Courtney B. , Stewart‐Sinclair Phoebe J. , Hammond Niall L. , Massingham Emily , Klein Carissa J.
Published: September 2021

The role of a conservation scientist has never been more challenging. Amidst the rapid degradation occurring across Earth's natural ecosystems and the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services, conservation scientists must learn new and effective ways to build trust and engage with the wider community. Here, we discuss the potential utility of a particular communication technique, Nonviolent Communication (also known as Compassionate Communication or Collaborative Communication), in conservation science. Nonviolent Communication is a structured form of communication, developed in the 1960s by Dr. Marshall Rosenberg, that seeks to foster interpersonal understanding and connection through communication of judgment‐free observations, recognition of people's feelings, needs and values, and requests for specific actions to meet those needs. It has delivered positive outcomes in diverse fields such as prisoner reform, health science, and social work, and holds great promise for conservation applications. While there is no single communication strategy that resonates with all people, we argue that Nonviolent Communication could be used by conservation scientists and practitioners when communicating with colleagues, politicians, and the general public about important and sometimes contentious environmental issues.
Cytopathological characteristics of solitary fibrous tumour involving the pancreas by fine needle aspiration: Making an accurate preoperative diagnosis in an uncommon location
Authors: Jones Victoria M. , Wangsiricharoen Sintawat , Cornea Virgilius , Bocklage Therese J. , Ali Syed Z. , Allison Derek B.
Published: September 2021

Background

Solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) is a unique mesenchymal neoplasm with classic features on histology and is characterised by the NAB2‐STAT6 gene fusion. There are rare reports of SFTs with pancreatic involvement and only two cases in the literature reporting its features by preoperative fine needle aspiration (FNA). Herein, we characterise the cytomorphological features of four SFTs involving the pancreas by FNA to establish a preoperative diagnostic approach.

Methods

The anatomic pathology archives of two academic medical centres were searched to identify patients with a pancreatic FNA cytology specimen and a confirmed diagnosis of SFT by surgical resection. The clinical history, pathological diagnosis, cytomorphological findings, and results of immunohistochemistry (IHC) were reviewed.

Results

Four SFTs were identified from four patients with a median age of 59 years. The morphological features were variable but most frequently showed a bland spindled‐to‐epithelioid proliferation in fragments and single cells with small, oval, elongated, and hypochromatic nuclei in a haphazard arrangement with or without dense collagen. One tumour presented with a concurrent metastasis and showed a pure epithelioid component with necrosis and enlarged, hyperchromatic nuclei with conspicuous nucleoli and scattered mitoses. IHC was necessary for all diagnoses which were confirmed by surgical resection.

Conclusions

SFTs with pancreatic involvement are rare, and non‐specific features and tumour heterogeneity can pose a diagnostic challenge on FNA; however, IHC can be used to make a definitive diagnosis. As a result, FNA is a simple, safe, cost‐effective, and accurate approach that can be used to diagnose SFT in the pancreas.
Sydney's ‘last drinks’ laws: A content analysis of news media coverage of views and arguments about a preventive health policy
Authors: Howse Eloise , Watts Christina , McGill Bronwyn , Kite James , Rowbotham Samantha , Hawe Penelope , Bauman Adrian , Freeman Becky
Published: September 2021

Introduction

News media representation of preventive health policies can influence public discussion and political decision making, impacting policy implementation and sustainability. This study analysed news media coverage of the contested ‘last drinks’ alcohol laws in Sydney, Australia, to understand the arguments made by different ‘actors’ (stakeholders) regarding the laws and provide insights on how preventive health policies are positioned within media discourse.

Methods

We identified print and online news media articles discussing the laws from 2014 to 2020. Content analysis was used to quantify the arguments made to justify support or opposition to the laws.

Results

A total of 445 articles were included for analysis. Four hundred and thirty‐five actors were identified, with industry actors mentioned most (213 times) followed by health actors (136 times). There were more quotes from opponents of the laws compared to supporters of the laws (57% vs. 25%). The proportion of media mentions reduced for supporters (34% in 2014 to 14% in 2020) while mentions increased for opponents (47% in 2014 to 73% in 2020). Supporters used arguments about crime, safety and health. Opponents of the laws focused on issues such as Sydney's ‘night time economy’ and negative impacts of the laws.

Discussion and Conclusions

Opponents of the laws strategically used the media to influence public debate. Opponents, including industry actors, also ignored the health impacts of alcohol and utilised campaign groups to advocate against the laws. These findings have implications for how governments and advocates communicate and build support for contested preventive health policies.
No antibody response in cutaneous manifestations associated with COVID‐19: An observational study of 64 cases with microbiological and clinical characterization
Authors: García‐Gil Miguel Fernando , Monte‐Serrano Juan , Lapeña‐Casado Alejandro , Villagrasa‐Boli Pablo , Ramírez‐Lluch Mar , Martínez‐Pallás Isabel , Bularca Aura , Aldea‐Manrique Beatriz , Benito‐Ruesca Rafael , Ventura‐Faci María Purificación , Ara‐Martín Mariano
Published: September 2021

Background: The microbiological diagnosis of skin lesions related to COVID‐19 is not well known. Objective: Perform a microbiological diagnosis in COVID19‐related cutaneous manifestations. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was performed with 64 patients with cutaneous manifestations associated with COVID‐19 who underwent serological and nasopharyngeal reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) for SARS‐CoV‐2. Results: Out of the 64 patients, 6 patients had positive RT‐PCR, with all of them developing SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG and 4 of them had positive IgM + IgA. Of the 58 patients with negative RT‐PCR, 8 cases had positive IgM + IgA and only one of them had IgG seroconversion. Therefore, the infection was demonstrated in 7 cases (10.9%) and was doubtful in 7 other cases (10.9%) who presented negative RT‐PCR and presence of IgA + IgM without subsequent seroconversion of IgG. Fifty patients (78.1%) had negative serological tests. The most frequent cutaneous pattern was pseudo‐chilblain (48.4%) followed by maculo‐papular pattern (26.6%), urticarial lesions (10.9%), vesicular eruptions (6.3%) and livedoid pattern (4.7%). The maculo‐papular pattern showed the highest positivity in RT‐PCR (3 cases; 17.6%) and serologies (4 cases; 23.5%). Skin lesions developed after the systemic symptoms in most patients (19 cases; 61.3%). Conclusions: Microbiological confirmation tests may not be an effective diagnostic technique for COVID‐related cutaneous manifestations or that attributed lesions are not related to COVID‐19. Confounding factors such as adverse drug reaction, serological cross‐reactions with other viruses, the low production of antibodies in asymptomatic or mild forms of COVID‐19 or its rapid disappearance, increase diagnostic uncertainty.
Clinico‐epidemiological profile and long term follow up in melasma
Authors: Kumaran Muthu Sendhil , Narayan R Vignesh , Kaushik Akanksha , Bishnoi Anuradha , Vinay Keshavamurthy , Parsad Davinder
Published: September 2021

Melasma is a disorder of hyperpigmentation that is frustratingly resistant to therapy with a high recurrence rate on treatment discontinuation. With the scarcity of melasma epidemiological studies from India, we conducted this study to see clinico‐epidemiological trends and therapeutic response. Totally 957 melasma patients were studied during the 5‐year period between October 2014 and September 2019. A female preponderance was seen. Patients were classified as early, moderate, and late responders if they had more than 80% clinical improvement within 8, 8–12, and 12–16 weeks rest classified as nonresponders. Six hundred and forty‐eight patients with mMASI of ≤5 had been prescribed non‐hydroquinone‐based therapies who had overall response rate of 40.9% by end of 16 weeks, 309 with mMASI >5 received hydroquinone based triple combination with a response rate of 33.6% at end of 16 weeks. A total of 33.65% responded to triple combination compared to 40.1% in the non‐hydroquinone group. All nonresponders received oral tranexamic acid 250 mg twice daily. Most patients on oral tranexamic acid group developed recurrence by 6 weeks post discontinuation, compared with triple combination therapy group who had relapsed by 2 months post discontinuation and 4 months to relapse with non‐hydroquinone‐based therapies. Side effects experienced were 0.83% in hydroquinone group reporting erythema and burning. 0.57% in non‐hydroquinone group perceived stinging sensation and none from tranexamic acid group. The longest follow up available in our study was for 18 months. The emergent need of the hour is a long, safe, and effective therapy for melasma.
Niche conservation in copepods between ocean basins
Authors: McGinty Niall , Barton Andrew D. , Finkel Zoe V. , Johns David G. , Irwin Andrew J.
Published: September 2021

Niche conservatism is the hypothesis that a species' niche remains stable in space and time. This concept is central to understanding phenomena ranging from the role of climate change impacts on species biogeography to community dynamics. Marine zooplankton have been used as indicators of global change in the ocean, and niche conservatism is usually assumed for these organisms due to their high dispersal capacity, which may limit the development of local adaptations. However, recent evidence suggests that several zooplankton species with a circumglobal distribution are comprised of several cryptic species complexes, but it is unknown if the niches of cryptic species complexes have remained conserved or if they have diverged. Habitat management based on niche modelling would be strengthened by better understanding patterns of niche conservation or divergence, as the usual assumption that species have fixed environmental niches may be misleading. We assess the niche differences for 15 copepod species with populations in the North Atlantic, Southern Ocean and Australia. Pairwise differences in the realised niches were computed for each species using two complementary analyses. Our analysis indicates that global‐scale niche modelling of zooplankton cannot assume niche conservatism across all lineages and future studies should look to incorporate phylogenetic information to improve future niche estimates.
Legacy effects of drought on tree growth responses to hurricanes
Authors: Umaña María Natalia , Arellano Gabriel
Published: September 2021

Natural perturbations, including hurricanes and severe droughts, are becoming more frequent and intense in the tropics, yet our understanding of forest responses to these events is still limited. While the relationships between extreme climatic events and tree mortality are frequently studied, responses of trees that survived such perturbations have been rarely reported. Perturbations and their effects can be quite variable, and trees can respond both positively and negatively to them, depending on their sensitivity and opportunistic behavior. Understanding the potential variation in responses both within and among species is important for building predictions of forest responses. We studied tree growth responses (i.e., changes relative to standard conditions) to hurricanes and drought events in Puerto Rico across six common and broadly distributed species. We examined whether there is a congruence in responses to these contrasting extreme climatic events. We show that trees are particularly susceptible to droughts but display a wide range of responses to hurricanes. Despite the high stochasticity in the impacts of hurricanes, trees that showed reduced growth during previous droughts tend to show reduced growth during the hurricanes as well. Our results demonstrate that trees subjected to different and successive major climatic stresses have consistent declines in their performance. Projected increases in the severity of droughts and tropical storms could have an accumulated, and possibly compound, impact on tree growth. Long‐term demographic studies are necessary to understand legacy effects of species responses to extreme climatic perturbations.
Edaphic specialization and vegetation zones define elevational range‐sizes for Mt Kinabalu regional flora
Authors: Whitman Melissa , Beaman Reed S. , Repin Rimi , Kitayama Kanehiro , Aiba Shin‐Ichiro , Russo Sabrina E.
Published: September 2021

Identifying physical and ecological boundaries that limit where species can occur is important for predicting how those species will respond to global change. The island of Borneo encompasses a wide range of habitats that support some of the highest richness on Earth, making it an ideal location for investigating ecological mechanisms underlying broad patterns of species distribution. We tested variation in richness and range‐size in relation to edaphic specialization and vegetation zone boundaries using 3060 plant species from 193 families centered around the elevational gradient of Mt Kinabalu, Borneo. Across species, average range‐size increased with elevation, consistent with Rapoport's rule. However, plants associated with ultramafic soil, which is low in nutrient and water availability and often has high concentrations of heavy metals, had larger range‐sizes and greater richness than expected along the elevational gradient, as compared to a null model with randomization of edaphic association. In contrast, non‐ultramafic species had smaller range‐sizes and lower richness than expected. These results suggest that tolerance of resource limitation may be associated with wider range‐sizes, whereas species intolerant of edaphic stress may have narrower range‐sizes, possibly owing to more intense competition in favorable soil types. Using elevation as a predictor of average range‐sizes, we found that piece‐wise models with breakpoints at vegetation zone transitions explained species distributions better than models that did not incorporate ecological boundaries. The greatest relative increases in range‐size with respect to elevation occurred mid‐elevation, within the montane cloud forest vegetation zone. Expansion of average range‐size across an area without physical boundaries may indicate a shift in ecological strategy and importance of biotic versus abiotic stressors. Our results indicate that elevational range‐size patterns are structured by ecological constraints such as species' edaphic association, which may limit the ability of species to migrate up or down mountains in response to climate change.
Survival rates of the first and second offspring of Echthrodelphax fairchildii Perkins (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) under self and conspecific superparasitism: The effects of body size of ovipositing females
Authors: Herlin Weri , Yoshimura Hideto , Yamada Yoshihiro Y.
Published: September 2021

The effects of ovipositing female body size on the survival of the first and second offspring under self and conspecific superparasitism have not been determined. Here, we report the importance of the body size of ovipositing females for three intervals (0, 1, and 24 h) between first and second ovipositions using a semi‐solitary ectoparasitoid, Echthrodelphax fairchildii, and fourth‐instar nymphs of its host, the planthopper Laodelphax striatellus. We addressed the case in which the first and second parasitoid eggs were laid on different sides of the same host. The second ovipositing female killed the previous offspring using the sting, but when the oviposition intervals were 0 and 1 h, the elimination was unprofitable because both offspring often emerged under non‐probing superparasitism. The survival rate of the second offspring decreased with increasing oviposition intervals under non‐probing superparasitism, whereas that of the first offspring was independent of oviposition intervals. Under non‐probing superparasitism, the survival rates of the first and second offspring were higher under conspecific superparasitism than under self superparasitism, especially when the first and/or second ovipositing females were small. Large mothers ensured high survival rates of their offspring under non‐probing superparasitism, except the survival rate of the second offspring under conspecific superparasitism, which was negatively associated with the first female's size. Thus, the first offspring from small mothers were likely to lose the competition to the second offspring. Under probing superparasitism, the second offspring survival rate was positively associated with the mother's size, suggesting that offspring, not ovipositing females, release agents affecting the mother‐size effect.
Responses of tree leaf gas exchange to elevated CO2 combined with changes in temperature and water availability: A global synthesis
Authors: Wang Zhaoguo , Wang Chuankuan
Published: September 2021

Aim

An elevated CO2 concentration (eCO2) can increase photosynthesis (Asat) and reduce stomatal conductance (gs); hence, it can benefit tree growth directly by increasing carbon availability and/or indirectly by saving water. However, uncertainties remain regarding the direction and magnitude of these effects, particularly in combination with changes in temperature and water availability.

Location

Global.

Time period

1986–2020.

Major taxa studied

Trees.

Methods

We compiled 3,391 observations from 270 studies and performed a meta‐analysis on: (1) the responses of Asat, gs and intrinsic water‐use efficiency (iWUE) to eCO2, in addition to variations in these responses between species (phylogeny and leaf habit), within species (tree age) and within individuals (canopy position and leaf age); (2) the effects of changes in temperature and/or water availability on these responses; and (3) whether Asat and gs acclimatize to eCO2 in parallel.

Results

We found that eCO2 stimulated Asat (β‐factor = .68) and decreased gs (β‐factor = −.36) and that iWUE increased in proportion to eCO2 (β‐factor = 1.01), which conform with the theory of optimal stomatal behaviour. Meanwhile, conifers and older trees showed greater increases in Asat but less decreases in gs than angiosperms and young trees, respectively, with a proportional increase in iWUE being independent of phylogeny and tree age, which support the theory further. Warming had little effect on the responses of Asat and gs to eCO2, whereas drought amplified the Asat response but attenuated the gs response. However, Asat, rather than gs, acclimatized to eCO2, owing to nitrogen reduction, active investment of nitrogen and sink limitation.

Main conclusions

Our findings suggest that eCO2 can enhance carbon uptake and reduce water loss at the leaf scale, which may be modified by water stress. This study improves our physiological understanding of tree gas exchange in a changing climate.
Association between number of medications and mortality among older adult patients in a specialized cardiology hospital
Authors: Arita Takuto , Suzuki Shinya , Yagi Naoharu , Otsuka Takayuki , Kishi Mikio , Kano Hiroto , Matsuno Shunsuke , Kato Yuko , Uejima Tokuhisa , Oikawa Yuji , Matsuhama Minoru , Iida Mitsuru , Yajima Junji , Yamashita Takeshi
Published: September 2021

Aim

Although polypharmacy has been associated with poor clinical outcomes, whether taking an increased number of medications is harmful or beneficial for older adult patients treated for cardiovascular diseases might require further discussion.

Methods

We analyzed data of 2089 patients aged ≥75 years in a single hospital‐based cohort. The study population was divided into three groups according to the tertiles of the number of medications at baseline: <3 (n = 647), 3–7 (n = 707) and ≥8 (n = 735).

Results

The cumulative incidences of all‐cause death at 3 years among patients taking less than three, three to seven and eight or more medications were 3.7%, 4.1% and 7.8%, respectively (log‐rank test P = 0.015). In a Cox regression analysis, taking eight or more total medications (vs 0–2) was independently associated with all‐cause death (hazard ratio 1.67, 95% CI 1.01–2.78). For predicting mortality using the number of medications, the maximum Youden Index was 7. In subgroups with certain heart diseases, no regular tendency of an increase in the risk of all‐cause death was observed with an increase in the number of medications.

Conclusions

The number of medications taken was independently associated with mortality among older adult patients, with a relatively high cut‐off point. This association was not observed in patients with certain heart diseases, possibly indicating the merit – rather than the harm – of medical treatment in the cardiovascular field. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 985–995.
Heat Tracing in a Fractured Aquifer with Injection of Hot and Cold Water
Authors: Hoffmann Richard , Maréchal Jean‐Christophe , Selles Adrien , Dassargues Alain , Goderniaux Pascal
Published: September 2021

Heat as a tracer in fractured porous aquifers is more sensitive to fracture‐matrix processes than a solute tracer. Temperature evolution as a function of time can be used to differentiate fracture and matrix characteristics. Experimental hot (50 °C) and cold (10 °C) water injections were performed in a weathered and fractured granite aquifer where the natural background temperature is 30 °C. The tailing of the hot and cold breakthrough curves, observed under different hydraulic conditions, was characterized in a log–log plot of time vs. normalized temperature difference, also converted to a residence time distribution (normalized). Dimensionless tail slopes close to 1.5 were observed for hot and cold breakthrough curves, compared to solute tracer tests showing slopes between 2 and 3. This stronger thermal diffusive behavior is explained by heat conduction. Using a process‐based numerical model, the impact of heat conduction toward and from the porous rock matrix on groundwater heat transport was explored. Fracture aperture was adjusted depending on the actual hydraulic conditions. Water density and viscosity were considered temperature dependent. The model simulated the increase or reduction of the energy level in the fracture‐matrix system and satisfactorily reproduced breakthrough curves tail slopes. This study shows the feasibility and utility of cold water tracer tests in hot fractured aquifers to boost and characterize the thermal matrix diffusion from the matrix toward the flowing groundwater in the fractures. This can be used as complementary information to solute tracer tests that are largely influenced by strong advection in the fractures.
COVID‐19‐related oral mucosa lesions among confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 patients: a systematic review
Authors: Erbaş Gizem S. , Botsali Aysenur , Erden Nihan , Arı Canan , Taşkın Banu , Alper Sibel , Vural Secil
Published: September 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), which manifests as a flu‐like respiratory infection affecting multiple organ systems, including the gastrointestinal system, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, skin, and mucosa. In this review, we investigated the literature on specific manifestations of COVID‐19 in the oral mucosa. An online literature search in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Medline was conducted to retrieve relevant studies on confirmed COVID‐19 patients with oral mucosa findings published between December 31, 2019, and April 07, 2021. After an independent review by two authors, 39 articles considering 59 laboratory‐confirmed cases of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were included in the final analysis. The most common finding, reported in 29 patients (43.9%), was Kawasaki‐like syndrome. In addition, oral ulcers including aphthous, hemorrhagic, and necrotic ulcers were reported in 24 patients (36.3%). Other lesions reported included pustules, macules, bullae, maculopapular enanthema, and erythema multiforme‐like lesions. Concomitant skin lesions were present in 60.6% of patients. Fever was reported in 86.2% of patients. Forty‐eight patients (76.1%) were hospitalized. Loss of taste and smell was present in 30.8% of the patients. A comprehensive understanding of the dermatologic manifestations of COVID‐19 can improve and facilitate patient management and referrals.
Haemoglobin drives inflammation and initiates antigen spread and nephritis in lupus
Authors: Sharma Hritika , Bose Anjali , Sachdeva Ruchi , Malik Monika , Kumar Uma , Pal Rahul
Published: September 2021

Haemoglobin (Hb) has well‐documented inflammatory effects and is normally efficiently scavenged; clearance mechanisms can be overwhelmed during erythrocyte lysis. Whether Hb is preferentially inflammatory in lupus and triggers broad anti‐self responses was assessed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from SLE patients secreted higher levels of lupus‐associated inflammatory cytokines when incubated with human Hb than did PBMCs derived from healthy donors, an effect negated by haptoglobin. Ferric murine Hb triggered the preferential release of lupus‐associated cytokines from splenocytes, B cells, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells isolated from ageing, lupus‐prone NZM2410 mice, and also had mitogenic effects on B cells. Pull‐downs, followed by mass spectrometry, revealed interactions of Hb with several lupus‐associated autoantigens; co‐incubation of ferric Hb with apoptotic blebs (structures that contain packaged autoantigens) revealed synergies—in terms of cytokine release and autoantibody production in vitro—that were also restricted to the lupus genotype. Murine ferric Hb activated multiple signalling pathways and, in combination with apoptotic blebs, preferentially triggered MAP kinase signalling specifically in splenocytes isolated from lupus‐prone mice. Infusion of murine ferric Hb into lupus‐prone mice led to enhanced release of lupus‐associated cytokines, the generation of a spectrum of autoantibodies and enhanced‐onset glomerulosclerosis. Given that the biased recognition of ferric Hb in a lupus milieu, possibly in concert with lupus‐associated autoantigens, triggers inflammatory responses and the generation of lupus‐associated cytokines, and also stimulates the generation of potentially pathogenic lupus‐associated autoantibodies, neutralization of Hb could have beneficial effects.
Between a rock and a hard place: Ethics, nurses' safety, and the right to protest during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Mavis Mulaudzi Fhumulani , Mulaudzi Mutondi , Anokwuru Rafiat Ajoke , Davhana‐Maselesele Mashudu
Published: September 2021

Aim

In this paper, we critically discuss the ethics of nurses' choice to strike during the COVID‐19 pandemic, considering legal and ethical arguments, overlaying the Ubuntu philosophy, an African ethic.

Background

The recent unprecedented coronavirus disease pandemic and the increased reports on the absence of personal protective equipment in South Africa places many health workers' lives at risk. Nurses spend most of their time with patients, which exposes them to fatal risks as they work in unsafe environments.

Research Methods

Exploratory literature review was conducted using Pubmed, CINAHL, Google Scholar and Science Direct) and law cases repository.

Findings

Nurses thus may be justified in striking to protect their safety. State healthcare entities are obliged to ensure safety and protect the health of professionals during the pandemic. According to their Code of Practice and Pledge of Service, they are ethically obliged to put patients first, and as a result, they are legally barred from engaging in strike action.

Conclusion

We conclude that there may be constitutional human rights arguments to support strike action. We also find that ethical principles alone do not provide clear direction to guide nurses in making justified and ethical decisions regarding service provision in an environment threatening to compromise their safety.
Nursing's mandate in climate change
Authors: Mitchell Pamela H.
Published: September 2021

Science tells us that human‐induced climate change is real and threatening health and well‐being everywhere. Nurses have a key role as individuals and collectively to mitigate these effects. We are obligated to action, advocacy, and policy change at both a personal and professional level in this global emergency. This includes working to achieve climate justice and the United Nations’ Sustainable Health Goals, which have a strong focus on climate action.
Sexually transmitted infections epidemiology and risk assessment at the main correctional facility in Malta (2017–2019)
Authors: Muscat K. , Cremona C. , Melillo Fenech T. , Abela M. , Padovese V.
Published: September 2021

Background

Inmates suffer from mental and physical ailments combined with substance misuse and addiction which are often underreported or disregarded by sufferers, for fear of being stigmatized. This vulnerable group has complex medical and psychosocial needs and hence gathering data is essential for a holistic approach to care.

Objectives

Understanding the interplay between sexually transmitted (STIs) and blood borne infections, substance misuse and mental health is essential to enable targeted interventions and outreach programmes. The aim was to analyse the occurrence of STIs, hepatitis and tuberculosis in inmates at the main custodial facility in Malta; to assess risk behaviours and vulnerabilities through an outreach programme; to offer treatment and referral and to develop recommendations for screening of prison inmates.

Methods

A mixed methodology study was used which involved analysis of health data pooled from the Genitourinary Clinic (GUC) and Corradino Correctional Facility (CCF) in Malta.

Results

In the study period, 206 inmates were tested for STIs, 67.9% males, aged between 14 and 72. Only 27% were not sexually active in the 6 months prior to testing. Among those sexually active, 31% had had sex with casual partners and 43% had never used condoms for sexual intercourse. Seventy‐five percent admitted to drug use. The most common STI diagnosed was HPV (16.5%), followed by syphilis (5.8%). Genital dermatoses were also frequent (9.2%). The prevalence of Hepatitis C was high (24.5%), in relation to intravenous drug use.

Conclusion

The authors advocate for more collaboration between sexual health clinics and prisons to address educational interventions and STIs’ testing. Cultural and linguistic barriers should be considered when devising national health strategies and screening recommendations in custodial settings. Adequate follow‐up should extend into the community setting once inmates leave the prison to ensure a continuum of care.
A single‐arm pilot of a web‐based intervention to improve itch‐related quality of life
Authors: Heckman C.J. , Riley M. , Niu Z. , Lu S.‐E. , Valdes‐Rodriguez R. , Yosipovitch G.
Published: September 2021

Background

Many patients with chronic itch and atopic dermatitis (AD) or psoriasis do not receive/use available medical and psychosocial treatments properly due to system, provider and/or patient factors.

Objective

An educational website (ITCH‐RELIEF) to improve itch‐related quality of life (QoL) for adults with AD or psoriasis and chronic itch was developed and assessed. ITCH RELIEF stands for Interactive Toolbox of Comprehensive Health Resources to Enhance Living with Itch – Educational Facilitation (for Adults).

Methods

Single‐arm pre‐ and post‐test design with 1‐month follow‐up (N = 137 at baseline).

Results

There was statistically and clinically significant improvement in the primary outcome of itch‐related QoL impairment as assessed by the ItchyQoL from baseline [M = 78.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 75.9, 81.9] to follow up (M = 75.4, CI = 72.4, 78.5), P = 0.007, as well as statistically significant improvement in several itch‐related secondary outcomes (all Ps < 0.05).

Conclusions

This study demonstrated initial effectiveness of an online intervention to improve itch‐related QoL among individuals with AD or psoriasis and chronic itch. Future studies should address limitations by randomizing more heterogeneous participants, utilizing a longer follow‐up and assessing medication use.
The healing effect of cute elements
Authors: Chou Hsuan‐Yi , Chu Xing‐Yu (Marcos) , Chen Tzu‐Chun
Published: September 2021

Consumers around the world use retail therapy to alleviate negative emotions. In response, marketers have incorporated cute elements into product design, capitalizing on the demand for products that provide healing effects. Grounded on attention restoration theory, this study explores how baby and whimsical cuteness generate feelings of healing. It also clarifies the moderating effect of product type and examines whether feelings of healing affect consumer subjective well‐being, product attitudes, and purchase intentions. The results indicate that products with cute elements generate stronger feelings of healing. Baby cuteness is relatively more effective than whimsical cuteness. Cuteness arouses feelings of healing through the mechanisms of fascination and extent. Incorporating cute elements with utilitarian (vs. hedonic) products enhances these healing effects. Feelings of healing mediate the cuteness effect on well‐being and attitudinal responses. These findings are valuable to marketing theory and practice and consumer well‐being.
Outdoor daylight exposure and longer sleep promote wellbeing under COVID‐19 mandated restrictions
Authors: Korman Maria , Tkachev Vadim , Reis Cátia , Komada Yoko , Kitamura Shingo , Gubin Denis , Kumar Vinod , Roenneberg Till
Published: September 2021

Light is an important regulator of daily human physiology in providing time‐of‐day information for the circadian clock to stay synchronised with the 24‐hr day. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic led to social restrictions in many countries to prevent virus spreading, restrictions that dramatically altered daily routines and limited outdoor daylight exposure. We previously reported that sleep duration increased, social jetlag decreased, and mid‐sleep times delayed during social restrictions (Global Chrono Corona Survey,N = 7,517). In the present study, we investigated in the same dataset changes in wellbeing and their link to outdoor daylight exposure, and sleep–wake behaviour. In social restrictions, median values of sleep quality, quality of life, physical activity and productivity deteriorated, while screen time increased, and outdoor daylight exposure was reduced by ~58%. Yet, many survey participants also reported no changes or even improvements. Larger reductions in outdoor daylight exposure were linked to deteriorations in wellbeing and delayed mid‐sleep times. Notably, sleep duration was not associated with outdoor daylight exposure loss. Longer sleep and decreased alarm‐clock use dose‐dependently correlated with changes in sleep quality and quality of life. Regression analysis for each wellbeing aspect showed that a model with six predictors including both levels and their deltas of outdoor daylight exposure, sleep duration and mid‐sleep timing explained 5%–10% of the variance in changes of wellbeing scores (except for productivity). As exposure to daylight may extenuate the negative effects of social restriction and prevent sleep disruption, public strategies during pandemics should actively foster spending more daytime outdoors.
Effectiveness of an internet‐based intervention to improve sleep difficulties in a culturally diverse sample of international students: A randomised controlled pilot study
Authors: Spanhel Kerstin , Burdach Daniela , Pfeiffer Teresa , Lehr Dirk , Spiegelhalder Kai , Ebert David D. , Baumeister Harald , Bengel Juergen , Sander Lasse B.
Published: September 2021

Sleep difficulties are widespread among international students. Internet‐based interventions are suggested as a low‐threshold treatment option but may require cultural adaptation among culturally diverse populations. The present pilot study investigated the effectiveness and acceptance of an internet‐based intervention to improve sleep difficulties in international students. A total of 81 international students of 36 nationalities were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 41) or waitlist control group (n = 40). The intervention group received immediate access to a culturally non‐adapted unguided internet‐based sleep intervention consisting of three modules based on sleep hygiene and cognitive techniques to reduce rumination. At baseline, 4 and 12 weeks after randomisation, insomnia severity, measured by the Insomnia Severity Index, and secondary outcomes (sleep quality, depression, anxiety, perceived stress, well‐being, presenteeism, mental health literacy) were assessed. Data were analysed using linear multi‐level analyses. Additionally, satisfaction and perceived cultural appropriateness of the intervention were evaluated by international students after 4 weeks, and compared with ratings of German students, who represent the original target group. Insomnia severity improved over time in the intervention group compared to the control group, revealing a significant estimated mean difference of −5.60 (Hedges’ g = 0.84, p < 0.001) after 12 weeks. Satisfaction and perceived cultural appropriateness was high and comparable to that of German students. The present study shows that a culturally non‐adapted internet‐based sleep intervention can be a low‐threshold treatment option to help meet the high demand for mental healthcare among international students. It thus indicates that cultural adaptation might not represent a precondition for providing effective internet‐based sleep interventions to this target group.
Histological description of the early gonadal development of Arapaima gigas, paiche
Authors: Zelada‐Mázmela Ronald Fernando , Gutiérrez Gustavo Augusto , Zelada‐Mázmela Eliana
Published: September 2021

Arapaima gigas, paiche, is the largest freshwater fish species in the South American Amazon. Despite the importance of an accurate understanding of the species' gonadal sexual differentiation mechanisms, the gonadogenesis process is still not well studied. The aim of this study was to determine the histological characteristics of the early gonadal development of paiche fry, belonging to the same “levante” (“levante” is the word used to describe the removal of fry from the male paiche). The fry was sampled during the month of September 2016; from the 5‐day post “levante” (dpl) to the 51 dpl with a minimum size of 2.7 cm and a maximum size of 16.0 cm in total length. The histology showed a large concentration of cells in the dorsal part of the abdominal cavity in 5 dpl fry, being greater in the left side. In addition, the gonadal ridges appeared at 6 dpl and the gonadal primordia appeared at 7 dpl. The two gonadal primordia were observed with different sizes, where the left primordia were larger and more basophilic than the right primordia. Finally, gonad differentiation between presumable females and males were observed with some structural differentiation between presumable females and presumable males since 43 post hatching day.
Eccentric Rotational Acetabular Osteotomy Using Computed Navigation Guidance for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip, Sacroiliac Fusion, and Femoroacetabular Impingement Owing to Acetabular Retroversion: A Case Report
Authors: Shimamura Masashi , Iwata Ken , Fujiki Takaaki , Mashiba Tasuku , Yamamoto Tetsuji
Published: September 2021

Background

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is the main factor that causes secondary osteoarthritis of the hip (hip OA). Acetabular retroversion results in pincer‐type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), and this is also known to cause secondary hip OA. However, few cases of DDH with acetabular retroversion have been reported, and there is no definite opinion on the optimal treatment. We report a rare case of DDH and FAI owing to acetabular retroversion and dysostosis of the sacroiliac joint that was treated with eccentric acetabular rotational osteotomy (ERAO) using navigation guidance.

Case Presentation

A 27‐year‐old woman presented with DDH and acetabular retroversion with FAI and dysostosis of the sacroiliac joint on the contralateral side. We performed ERAO using computed navigation guidance and improved the coverage and retroversion of the acetabulum. The acetabular anteversion angle improved from 1° retroversion to 9° anteversion after surgery, the center edge angle improved from 18° to 43°, and the acetabular head index improved from 69% to 93%. The cam lesion of the femur was resected. The Harris Hip Score improved from 55.7 to 100 points at the final examination 2 years after surgery.

Conclusions

In this rare case of DDH and FAI, ERAO using computed navigation guidance accurately improved the coverage and retroversion of the acetabulum.
Unraveling salt‐responsive tissue‐specific metabolic pathways in olive tree
Authors: Skodra Christina , Michailidis Michail , Dasenaki Marilena , Ganopoulos Ioannis , Thomaidis Nikolaos S. , Tanou Georgia , Molassiotis Athanassios
Published: September 2021

Salinity is a serious constraint that reduces olive crop productivity. Here, we defined metabolite and gene expression changes in various tissues of olive trees (cv. “Chondrolia Chalkidikis”) exposed to 75 mM NaCl for 45 days. Results showed that salinity induced foliar symptoms and impaired growth and photosynthetic parameters. The content of Na+ and Cl− in roots, xylem, phloem and leaves increased, although the Na+ levels in old leaves and Cl− in young leaves remained unaffected. Mannitol was accumulated in roots and old leaves challenged by salinity. NaCl‐treated trees have a decreased TCA‐associated metabolites, such as citric and malic acid, as well as changes in phenylpropanoid‐associated metabolites (i.e., pinoresinol and vanillic acid) and genes (OePLRTp2 and OeCA4H). Salt treatment resulted in hydroxyl‐decarboxylmethyl eleuropein aglycone accumulation and OeGTF up‐regulation in new leaves, possibly suggesting that oleuropein metabolism was modified by NaCl. Tyrosine metabolism, particularly verbascoside levels and OePPO and OehisC expressions, was modulated by salinity. Both genes (e.g., OeAtF3H and OeFNSII) and metabolites (e.g., apigenin and luteolin) involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were induced in old leaves exposed to NaCl. Based on these data, we constructed an interaction scheme of changes in metabolites and transcripts across olive tissues upon salinity. Particularly, several metabolites involved in carbohydrate metabolism were reduced in roots, while many sugars, carbohydrates and flavonoids were increased in leaves. This study provided a framework for better understanding the possible mechanisms that govern the tissue‐specific response of olive tree to salinity stress, with insights into molecules that can be used for olive crop improvement projects.