bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some Findings and Opinions on Religious Turkish Music
Authors: DEMİRTAŞ Yavuz
Published: July 2022

“Türk Din Mûsikîsi” adıyla Ankara Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi’nde 1968-69 eğitim-öğretim yılında ders olarak okutulmaya başlanan Dinî Türk Mûsikîsi hakkında kaleme alınan ilk eser, İsmail Baha Sürelsan tarafından ders kitabı şeklinde
hazırlanan ve 1972 yılında TRT Merkez Müzik Dairesi tarafından Ankara’da basılan “Dinî Türk Mûsikîsine Giriş” adlı eserdir. Gerek bu eserde ve gerekse bundan sonra telif olunan eserlerde Dinî Türk Mûsikîsi kavramları ve konuları
hakkında bilgiler verilmiş, izâha muhtaç konularda birtakım açıklamalarda bulunulmuştur. Ancak yapılan bu izâhatlarda maalesef tam bir birliktelik sağlanamamış, başta bu bilim ve sanat dalının ismi olmak üzere, form ile tür kavramları,
türlerin sayısı ve Tasnifi vs. gibi bazı konularda birbirinden farklı ifâdeler yer almıştır. Bu durum, zihinlerde istifhâm ve tereddütlere yol açtığı gibi konuşma ve yazı dilinde de birbirinden farklı ve çelişkili ifâdelerin ortaya
çıkmasına sebebiyet vermiştir. Bu olumsuz durumun acilen müspet yönde değişmesi gerekmektedir ki, bunun da ancak uzmanlardan oluşan bir komisyonun bağlayıcı nitelikteki kararlarıyla mümkün olacağını düşünmekteyiz. Dinî Türk Mûsikîsi’nin
ihtilâflı kavram ve konuları ile bunlara ait düşünce ve tavsiyeleri dile getirdiğimiz bu çalışma bir ön bilgi mâhiyetinde olup, kavram kargaşasını bitireceğine inandığımız ve bir an evvel kurulmasını ümit ettiğimiz komisyonun vereceği
kararlara katkı sunacaktır. Dini Türk Müziği ile ilgili tespit, düşünce ve tavsiyelerimizden bazıları şunlardır: Türk Din Müziği'ni "Dini Türk Müziği" olarak tanımlamak daha doğru olacaktır; "Form" kelimesi yerine "Tür" kavramını
kullanmak daha doğru olacaktır; tek bir örneği olduğu için Mevlid, Mi'râciyye, Reğâibiyye, Muhammediyye ve Ferâciyye'yi, "Dini Türk Musikisi Eserleri" olarak nitelemek daha uygun olacaktır; Temcîd, Mevlid, Mi'râciyye, Reğâibiyye
ve Ferâciyye'yi, birden fazla tür içerdiği için "dini törenler" olarak tanımlamak daha doğru olacaktır; Kur'ân, Ezân ve Kâmet'in uygulama biçimleri olan Müezzinlik, Câmi Müezzinliği, Cumhûr Müezzinliği, Hutbe, İmâmet, Terâvîh Tertîbi,
Mahfel Sürmesi ve Tardiyye'yi ayrı bir tür olarak tanımlamamak daha doğru olacaktır.
Physico-chemical Properties of Soil as Influenced by Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Sources to Fodder Oat and Succeeding Residual Fodder Maize
Authors: Nayak Harsita , Bohra J. S. , Yadav Shiv Poojan , Singh Tejbal , Saha Priyanka
Published: July 2022

An experimental trial was carried out during 2018-19 and 2019-20 at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, to assess the direct and residual effect of varying levels of fertility and organic sources on different soil chemical properties. Application of fertility levels had non-significant direct and residual effects on soil health in the both years, though maximum values were obtained with 100% RDF. After fodder oat harvest, the maximum values of available NPK in the soil were observed using vermicompost over poultry manure and FYM. Application of 50 kg nitrogen ha-1 through organic sources recorded distinctly higher soil available N, P, and K after the harvest of fodder oat. However, the residual effect of nitrogen levels and organic sources failed to touch the significant level of soil health parameters after harvesting fodder maize.
Reporting of Determinants of Health Inequities in Rheumatoid Arthritis Randomized Controlled Trials in Canada: A Scoping Review
Authors: Thomas Megan , Harrison Mark , De Vera Mary A.
Published: July 2022

Objective

More than ever, it is important to consider inclusion and diversity in rheumatology research. We reviewed and synthesized randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Canada with the aim of characterizing participants and identifying how determinants of health inequities are reported.

Methods

We conducted a scoping review following the Arksey and O'Malley framework. We searched Medline (1990 to December 2021), Embase (1990 to December 2021), and CENTRAL (inception to December 2021) for articles meeting inclusion criteria of: 1) used an RCT design; 2) evaluated pharmacologic or nonpharmacologic interventions; 3) included participants with RA; and 4) conducted in Canada. Data extraction was guided by the Campbell and Cochrane Equity Methods Group's PROGRESS‐Plus framework on determinants that lead to health inequities (e.g., place of residence; race; occupation; gender/sex; religion; education; socioeconomic status; and social capital).

Results

Of 6,290 unique records, 42 were eligible for inclusion. We grouped studies according to 3 time periods: before 2000; 2000–2010; and 2011 to present. Participants of included studies were mostly middle‐aged, female, and White. Sex and age were the most widely reported determinants in 41 studies. Other determinants reported were race (15 studies), education (11 studies), socioeconomic status (7 studies), and occupation (6 studies). Religion, features of relationships, and time‐dependent relationships were not reported in any study.

Conclusion

This scoping review suggests limited reporting on determinants of health inequities in RCTs for RA in Canada. Establishing reporting standards for equity factors in RCTs is important for addressing health inequities and informing accessible research and care for patients with RA.
Toward Tissue‐Like Material Properties: Inducing In Situ Adaptive Behavior in Fibrous Hydrogels
Authors: Chen Wen , Kumari Jyoti , Yuan Hongbo , Yang Fan , Kouwer Paul H. J.
Published: July 2022

The materials properties of biological tissues are unique. Nature is able to spatially and temporally manipulate (mechanical) properties while maintaining responsiveness toward a variety of cues; all without majorly changing the material's composition. Artificial mimics, synthetic or biomaterial‐based are far less advanced and poorly reproduce the natural cell microenvironment. A viable strategy to generate materials with advanced properties combines different materials into nanocomposites. This work describes nanocomposites of a synthetic fibrous hydrogel, based on polyisocyanide (PIC), that is noncovalently linked to a responsive cross‐linker. The introduction of the cross‐linker transforms the PIC gel from a static fibrous extracellular matrix mimic to a highly dynamic material that maintains biocompatibility, as demonstrated by in situ modification of the (non)linear mechanical properties and efficient self‐healing properties. Key in the material design is cross‐linking at the fibrillar level using nanoparticles, which, simultaneously may be used to introduce more advanced properties.
Photoactivatable Silencing Extracellular Vesicle (PASEV) Sensitizes Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Lu Mei , Xing Haonan , Shao Wanxuan , Zhang Tian , Zhang Mengjie , Wang Yongchao , Li Fangzhou , Weng Yuhua , Zheng Aiping , Huang Yuanyu , Liang Xing‐Jie
Published: July 2022

Immunotherapy has delivered impressive outcomes in combating tumor malignancies. However, insufficient immune infiltration and poor immunogenicity within the tumor microenvironment (TME) greatly compromise patient response rates. Here, a photoactivatable silencing extracellular vesicle (PASEV) is developed for sensitized cancer immunotherapy. p21‐Activated kinase 4 (PAK4) is a newly identified tumor‐cell‐intrinsic “guard” associated with immune exclusion. Small interfering RNA against PAK4 (siPAK4) is designed and assembled with a photoactivatable reactive‐oxygen‐species (ROS)‐sensitive polymer to form the nanocomplex core, which is further camouflaged by extracellular vesicles from M1 macrophages. The PASEV not only serves as a vehicle for packaging, tumor accumulation, and ROS‐responsive release of siPAK4 for potent PAK4 silencing, but also primes the TME through immunogenic phototherapy, thereby simultaneously boosting intratumoral infiltration and immune activation. The combined immunotherapy elicits robust anticancer immunity, thus showing great promise for fighting cancers. This work opens a new avenue to simultaneously boost intratumoral infiltration and immune activation for sensitized cancer immunotherapy.
Polymerization‐Induced Emission of Color‐Tunable Room Temperature Phosphorescence
Authors: Zheng Xian , Zhang Yongfeng , Gao Liang , Wang Zhonghao , Wang Chang , Zheng Yan , Chen Xiaohong , Yang Yan , Peng Jiaxin , Qu LunJun , Yang Chaolong
Published: July 2022

Pure organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have been widely utilized in security signs, anti‐counterfeiting, data encrypting, and other fields, which have attracted great attention. In the past few years, smart materials with color‐tunable organic RTP materials are reported by many researchers, while the work focused on the color‐tunable polymeric RTP materials is still rare, especially for molecular weight‐dependent polymeric RTP systems. Here, we designed and prepared three molecular weight polymers P1, P2, and P3 by different polymerization reaction times, and found that the fluorescence emissions of these polymer powders are various. Unexpectedly, the molecular weight‐dependent polymeric RTP materials are achieved through doping these polymers into polyacrylonitrile (PAN) matrix, and the International de l'Eclairage was redshift from (0.205,0.257) to (0.503,0.435). This phenomenon is ascribed to the different aggregation states formed by assembly of different molecular weight polymeric chains. Meanwhile, the electrostatic interaction between phosphor and PAN is hardly affected by water. Therefore, advanced information encryption can be achieved by using these polymeric phosphors as anti‐counterfeiting ink.
Lead‐Free Halide Double Perovskites: Fundamentals, Challenges, and Photovoltaics Applications
Authors: Tailor Naveen Kumar , Listorti Andrea , Colella Silvia , Satapathi Soumitra
Published: July 2022

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have gained tremendous interest in photovoltaics applications reaching the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.8%. Despite the rapid development of MHP‐based solar cells, the existence of toxic lead (Pb) and their operational instability are seen as key roadblocks for commercialization. A viable strategy for developing lead‐free optoelectronic devices nests in addressing the toxicity issues in these compounds by carefully and strategically replacing lead while maintaining comparable stability and PCE. In this regard, halide double perovskite with structural flexibility, as well as lower toxicity and higher stability have caught the attention of the scientific community, surging the research of lead‐free halide double perovskites with A2B(I)B(III)X6 composition. A critical analysis of such compounds is presented from a fundamental point of view considering their orbital characteristics, bonding interaction, and optical transitions and relate these properties with their solar cell performance. This review focuses on the efficiency limiting factors and critically discusses recent advancements and strategies which have been demonstrated to boost their photovoltaic performances. Finally, starting from existing double perovskite materials, prospective research directions are identified toward enhanced optoelectronic properties and device performances.
Kerker Condition for Enhancing Emission Rate and Directivity of Single Emitter Coupled to Dielectric Metasurfaces
Authors: Khokhar Megha , Inam Faraz A. , Nair Rajesh V.
Published: July 2022

Metasurfaces have the ability to control classical and non‐classical states of light to achieve controlled emission even at the level of a single emitter. Here, the Kerker condition induced emission rate enhancement with strong directivity is unveiled from a single emitter integrated within a dielectric metasurface consisting of silicon nano‐disks. The simulation and analytical calculations attest the Kerker condition with unidirectional light scattering evolved by the constructive interference between electric dipole, toroidal dipole, and the magnetic quadrupole. The results evince spatially‐dependent enhanced local density of optical states, which reciprocates localized field intensity. The emission rate enhancement of 400 times is achieved close to the zero phonon line of the nitrogen‐vacancy center with superior emission directivity and collection efficiency. The results have implications in on‐demand single photon generation, spin‐photon interface, many‐body interactions, and strong coupling.
Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cascade Inter‐Molecular Double Cyclization of 2‐Iodobenzamide Derivatives and Propargyl Dicarbonyl Compounds for Accessing 3‐Hydroxy‐3‐Furylisoindolinone Derivatives
Authors: Kavala Veerababurao , Lin Li‐Chun , Bhimrao Patil Prakash , Fang Chia‐Chi , Hong Zih‐Yu , Liou Yi‐Ru , Chen Yu‐Nong , Weng Yin‐Zhi , Sarathkumar Sundaramoorthi , Sambasiva Rao Naidu , Suresh Sundaram , Jiang Zongyan , Yao Ching‐Fa
Published: July 2022

A one‐pot strategy for the synthesis of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐furylisoindolinone derivatives is reported. The reaction proceeds via a copper‐catalyzed oxidative cascade inter‐molecular double cyclization of 2‐iodobenzamide derivatives and propargyl dicarbonyl compounds in the presence of oxygen. The strategy involves several reactions including cyclization/coupling/double C(sp3)−H functionalization in a cascade manner. A wide range of 2‐iodobenzamide substrates containing different substituents as well as various propargyldicarbonyl compounds and propargylsulfonyl aryl ketones can be used to access a variety of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐furylisoindolinone derivatives.

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Fluoroiodomethane: A CH2F‐Moiety‐Delivering Agent Suitable for Nucleophilic‐, Electrophilic‐, and Radical‐Harnessed Operations
Authors: Senatore Raffaele , Malik Monika , Pace Vittorio
Published: July 2022

The recent renewed interest in mono‐fluoromethylation chemistry – somehow less developed than the analogous well‐established trifluoro‐ and difluoro‐methylation tactics – identified the simple C1 building block fluoroiodomethane as an effective and versatile CH2F‐delivering agent. The convenient physical state – liquid with a boiling point of 53 °C – and the nowadays commercial availability, boosted in the last years the flourishing of protocols where it is used for generating the fluoromethyl group under conceptually distinct logics: electrophilic, nucleophilic, and radical. Depending on the reaction conditions adopted, the reagent serves as a pluripotent precursor of variously functionalized CHF fragments, thus considerably simplifying the installation of the motif into organic skeletons. A critical analysis of the applications found by the reagent in the literature (mainly) published in the last 5 years is provided with vistas to its employment in the preparation of drug molecules (and precursors thereof).

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Challenges and Strategies towards Single‐Crystalline Ni‐Rich Layered Cathodes
Authors: Ni Lianshan , Zhang Shu , Di Andi , Deng Wentao , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo
Published: July 2022

The ever‐increasing energy density requirements in electric vehicles (EVs) have boosted the development of Ni‐rich layered oxide cathodes for state‐of‐the‐art lithium‐ion batteries. Nevertheless, the commercialization of polycrystalline Ni‐rich cathodes (PCNCs) is hindered by the severe performance degradation and safety concerns that are tightly related to its particle cracking during cycling. Single‐crystalline Ni‐rich cathodes (SCNCs) with eliminated grain boundaries and high mechanical strength have recently attracted extensive attention owing to their superior structural and cycling stability, which present high crack resistance during electrochemical operation. Various articles have focused on the trial‐and‐error synthesis and modifications of SCNCs, as well as the comparison of performances and mechanisms with PCNCs. However, there has been much less effort in systematic analysis and summary to reveal their key challenges, controversies, and the corresponding primary causes. In this review, the advantages and debates in structural and electrochemical properties of SCNCs over PCNCs are summarized to provide fundamental understanding of SCNCs. Then the current practical issues and challenges are comprehensively discussed from the viewpoints of both academia and industry, as well as the proposed modification strategies and underlying mechanisms for SCNCs. The outlook and perspectives are further given to facilitate the commercial applications of SCNCs in high‐performance EVs.
DFT‐basierte Entdeckung von Ethynyl‐Triazolyl‐Phosphinaten als modulare Elektrophile für die chemoselektive Cystein‐Biokonjugation und Profilierung
Authors: Stieger Christian E. , Park Yerin , de Geus Mark A. R. , Kim Dongju , Huhn Christiane , Slenczka J. Sophia , Ochtrop Philipp , Müchler Judith M. , Süssmuth Roderich D. , Broichhagen Johannes , Baik Mu‐Hyun , Hackenberger Christian P. R.
Published: July 2022

Wir berichten über eine Dichtefunktionaltheorie (DFT)‐basierte Entdeckung von Ethinyl‐Triazolyl‐Phosphinaten (ETP) als eine neue Klasse elektrophiler Verbindungen für die selektive Biokonjugation von Cystein. Mit Hilfe der CuI‐katalysierten Azid‐Alkin‐Cycloaddition (CuAAC) in wässrigem Puffer konnten wir eine Vielzahl funktioneller elektrophiler Bausteine, darunter auch Proteine, aus Diethynylphosphinat herstellen. Wir verwendeten diese ETP‐Reagenzien, um fluoreszierende Peptid‐Konjugate für die Markierung von Rezeptoren auf lebenden Zellen sowie ein stabiles und biologisch aktives Antikörper‐Wirkstoff‐Konjugat zu erhalten. Darüber hinaus konnten wir ETP‐Elektrophile unter nativen Bedingungen in ein Azid‐haltiges Ubiquitin einbauen und ihr Potenzial für die Protein‐Protein‐Konjugation demonstrieren. Schließlich zeigen wir die exzellente Cystein‐Selektivität dieser neuen Klasse von Elektrophilen in Massenspektrometrie basierten, proteomweiten Reaktivitätsstudien und unterstreichen damit die generelle Anwendbarkeit in homogenen Biokonjugationsstrategien zur Verknüpfung zweier komplexer Biomoleküle.
Suppression of Chain Transfer at High Temperature in Catalytic Olefin Polymerization
Authors: Hu Xiaoqiang , Kang Xiaohui , Jian Zhongbao
Published: July 2022

Living polymerization by suppressing chain transfer is a very useful method for achieving precise molecular weight and structure control. However, the suppression of chain transfer at high temperatures is extremely challenging in any catalytic polymerization. This has been a severe limitation for catalytic olefin polymerization, which is one of the most important chemical reactions. Here, we report the unprecedented living polymerization of ethylene at 130 °C, with a narrow molecular weight distribution range of 1.04 to 1.08. This is a significant increase in the reaction temperature. Tailor‐made α‐diimine nickel catalysts that exhibit both the steric shielding and fluorine effects play an essential role in this breakthrough. These nickel catalysts are even active at 200 °C, and enable the formation of semi‐crystalline, ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene at 150 °C. Mechanistic insights into the key chain transfer reaction are elucidated by density functional theory calculations.
A Ce‐UiO‐66 Metal–Organic Framework‐Based Graphene‐Embedded Photocatalyst with Controllable Activation for Solar Ammonia Fertilizer Production
Authors: Liu Sixiao , Teng Zhenyuan , Liu Hang , Wang Tianyi , Wang Guoxiu , Xu Qiang , Zhang Xiuyun , Jiang Min , Wang Chengyin , Huang Wei , Pang Huan
Published: July 2022

Currently, nitrogen fertilizers feed half of the global population, but their use is limited by energy consumption and transportation. Therefore, it is important to study photocatalysts for use in solar nitrogen fertilizers. Herein, a new type of graphene‐embedded Ce‐based UiO‐66 (Ce‐UiO‐66) photocatalyst (GSCe) is investigated. Ce‐UiO‐66 is activated by the breakage of benzene‐C bonds and the formation of active sites by ultraviolet light in water. Moreover, embedding graphene effectively controls activation and improves nitrogen fixation. GSCe exhibited a remarkable apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of 9.25 % and stability under 365 nm light with solar‐level intensity. GSCe also performed well as a solar ammonia fertilizer for crop cultivation. This investigation opens up opportunities for nitrogen fixation photocatalysts to be used as environmentally friendly solar nitrogen fertilizers.
Protein‐enriched extracts from housefly (Musca domestica) maggots alleviates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E‐deficient mice by promoting bile acid production and consequent cholesterol consumption
Authors: Xian Cuiling , Lai Disheng , Liu Jiaming , Li Shixin , Cao Junlin , Chen Kengyu , Liang Dajun , Fu Nanlin , Wang Yan , Xiao Mingzhu
Published: July 2022

Currently, atherosclerosis control is important to prevent future heart attacks or strokes. Protein‐enriched extract (PE) from housefly maggots (Musca domestica) can inhibit the development of atherosclerosis partially through its antioxidant effects. Whether PE exerts other anti‐atherosclerosis functions remains unclear. Here, PE was found to simultaneously promote cholesterol metabolism effects in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE−/−) mice. Bile acid synthesis plays a key role in regulating cholesterol homeostasis in atherosclerosis. Whether PE alleviates atherosclerosis by promoting bile acid production and consequent cholesterol consumption was further explored. First, 8‐week‐old male ApoE−/− mice were recruited and fed on a cholesterol‐enriched diet. After 8 weeks, these mice were divided into three groups and received gavage administration of PE, simvastatin, and saline for another 8 weeks. Atherosclerosis severity was then assessed. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot were employed to determine the expression of hepatic ATP‐binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), liver X receptor α (LXRα), and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPAR‐γ). Serum levels of high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL), low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL), and total cholesterol (TC) were determined by enzyme‐linked immunoassay. Results revealed that PE reversed the formation of atherosclerotic lesion; increased the expression of PPAR‐γ, LXRα, and ABCA1; increased the amount of bile flow and total bile acid; reduced the serum level of LDL and TC; and increased the level of HDL. In conclusion, enhancement on bile acid production and consequent cholesterol consumption may partially contribute to the anti‐atherosclerotic effects of PE. The reversal of PPARγ‐LXRα‐ABCA1 signaling pathway may be involved in this process.
Optimized tuning rules for proportional‐integral controllers with selected robustness
Authors: Veronesi Massimiliano , Visioli Antonio
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we present tuning rules for PI controllers that represent an effective alternative to the well‐known lambda‐tuning for the load disturbance rejection task. In particular, the integrated absolute error is minimized subject to a constraint on the maximum sensitivity selected. Suitable formulas are given to relate the proposed tuning with the lambda‐tuning, and the improvement obtained is quantified for different process dynamics. Both self‐regulating and non self‐regulating processes are considered. Simulation results are given to illustrate the methodology.
Lymphatic channel sheet of polydimethylsiloxane for preventing secondary lymphedema in the rat upper limb model
Authors: Cheon Hwayeong , Gelvosa Ma. Nessa , Kim Sang Ah , Song Ho‐Young , Jeon Jae Yong
Published: July 2022

Secondary lymphedema is a severe complication of cancer treatment, but there is no effective curative method yet. Lymph node dissection and radiation therapy for cancer treatment may lead to secondary lymphedema, which is a chronic disease induced by malfunction of lymphatic flow. The lymphatic channel sheet (LCS) is an artificial micro‐fluidic structure that was fabricated with polydimethylsiloxane to maintain lymphatic flow and induce lymphangiogenesis. The structure has two‐dimensional multichannels that increase the probability of lymphangiogenesis and allow for relatively easy application. We verified the efficacy of the lymphatic channel sheet through macroscopic and microscopic observation in small animal models, which underwent brachial lymph node dissection and irradiation. The lymphatic channel sheet enabled the successful transport of lymphatic fluid from the distal to the proximal area in place of the removed brachial lymph nodes. It prevented swelling and abnormal lymphatic drainage during the follow‐up period. Lymphangiogenesis was also identified inside the channel by histological analysis after 8 weeks. According to these experimental results, we attest to the roles of the lymphatic channel sheet as a lymphatic pathway and scaffold in the rat upper limb model of secondary lymphedema. The lymphatic channel sheet maintained lymphatic flow after lymph node dissection and irradiation in an environment where lymph flow is cut off. It also relieved symptoms of secondary lymphedema by providing a lymph‐friendly space and inducing lymphangiogenesis.
G‐Quadruplex Recognition by DARPIns through Epitope/Paratope Analogy**
Authors: Miclot Tom , Bignon Emmanuelle , Terenzi Alessio , Grandemange Stéphanie , Barone Giampaolo , Monari Antonio
Published: July 2022

We investigated the mechanisms leading to the specific recognition of Guanine Guadruplex (G4) by DARPins peptides, which can lead to the design of G4 s specific sensors. To this end we carried out all‐atom molecular dynamic simulations to unravel the interactions between specific nucleic acids, including human‐telomeric (h‐telo), Bcl‐2, and c‐Myc, with different peptides, forming a DARPin/G4 complex. By comparing the sequences of DARPin with that of a peptide known for its high affinity for c‐Myc, we show that the recognition cannot be ascribed to sequence similarity but, instead, depends on the complementarity between the three‐dimensional arrangement of the molecular fragments involved: the α‐helix/loops domain of DARPin and the G4 backbone. Our results reveal that DARPins tertiary structure presents a charged hollow region in which G4 can be hosted, thus the more complementary the structural shapes, the more stable the interaction.
Second Generation Synthesis of Modified Dinucleotide Analogues Featuring a Difluorophosphin(othio)yl Linkage
Authors: Roignant Matthieu , Zhang Jun , Brioche Julien , Piettre Serge R.
Published: July 2022

A second generation route to protected modified dinucleotides encompassing a difluorophosphinothioyl unit in replacement of the phosphoryl diester is described. It relies on (i) the preparation of 6’‐iodonucleosides, (ii) their coupling with a furanosyl 3’‐difluoromethyl H‐phosphinothioate, and (iii) the introduction of the second nucleobase. Thus, a short and high yielding preparation of 6’‐iodonucleosides from commercially available materials is reported, and their coupling reaction with a furanosyl 3’‐difluoromethyl H‐phosphinothioate satisfactorily delivered the desired protected bisfuranosyl derivatives featuring both a difluorophosphinothioyl unit and a nucleobase unambiguously installed on the anomeric position of the bottom furanose. Introduction of the second nucleobase generated the desired heterodinucleotides in low yields. Careful analysis of the materials indicates that the classical Vorbrüggen conditions may induce the trans‐N‐glycosylation process to take place, resulting in the competitive replacement of a nucleobase with another one, thereby generating mixtures of homo‐ and heterodinucleotides.
Voice and communication after open partial horizontal laryngectomies: A cross‐sectional outcome study
Authors: Fantini Marco , Crosetti Erika , Pizzorni Nicole , Sprio Andrea Elio , Bertolin Andy , Rizzotto Giuseppe , Schindler Antonio , Succo Giovanni
Published: July 2022

Objective

The present study evaluates voice and communication after open partial horizontal laryngectomies (OPHLs), according to surgery and patient‐related variables.

Methods

Fifty‐eight patients were included: 18 type I OPHL, 20 type II OPHL and 20 type III OPHL. Acoustic, aerodynamic, endoscopic, perceptual and self‐assessment analyses were carried out. Surgery‐related variables and patient‐related variables were considered for the analysis.

Results

Type I OPHL revealed the best phonatory outcomes. Type II and type III OPHL showed similar and poor results, with a highly deteriorated voice quality. A significant difference in MTP was found for patients who had both arytenoids/cricoarytenoid units preserved. Age and time from surgery showed significant correlations with voice quality after OPHLs.

Conclusions

Voice and communication outcomes after OPHLs are heterogeneous and might be influenced by several factors. Knowing variables with a substantial impact on phonatory outcomes may help clinicians in the preoperative decision‐making process and the postoperative rehabilitative program.
Playing by the rules: Do the post‐crisis regulations influence banks' funding model in the EU?
Authors: Penczar Marta , Nowak Sabina , Liszewska Monika
Published: July 2022

In the article, we assess the impact of the regulatory framework on banks' funding models in the European Union in the period 2011–2018. We put particular emphasis on the capital requirements captured by two different types of regulatory measures: individual and sectoral. Moreover, we include a country‐level regulatory variable to assess if the overall lawmaking conditions impact banks' funding models. Our estimates indicate that after the Global Financial Crisis, all regulatory measures had a significant impact on the deposits to total assets ratio, which we assume to be the best proxy for banks' funding models. Having divided the sample of the EU banks into four subsamples according to their specialization (i.e. commercial, cooperative, savings, and investment banks), we identified significant differences in strength and direction of regulatory variables' impact on banks' funding model within selected subsamples. In particular, due to the specific nature of investment banks, prudential regulations contribute to a change in the funding model towards safer deposit funding. Moreover, our results indicate that in the case of the non‐euro area banking sector, the regulatory environment measured by the regulatory quality index has an adverse impact on the Deposits to total assets ratio in comparison with both the entire sample as well as the euro area banking sector.
An efficient lymphocytic leukemia detection based on EfficientNets and ensemble voting classifier
Authors: Baby Diana , Juliet Sujitha , Anishin Raj M. M.
Published: July 2022

Early detection of leukemia increases the chances of a speedier recovery. If a patient exhibits any symptoms, doctors would often examine a blood sample slide under a microscope to detect hematological malignancies. Manually categorizing leukocytes as normal or abnormal requires examining the many characteristics of the cells, which is time‐consuming and error‐prone. This research aims to create a transfer learning‐based Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) detection system that is both efficient and easy. To overcome the critical challenges associated with feature extraction, we used EfficientNet, the most recent and most substantial deep learning model. In this article, eight EfficientNets variations are used to extract features and are compared based on classification accuracy. This work uses an ensemble of three sophisticated classifiers, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, and Logistic Regression, which achieves a classification accuracy of 98.5%.
Automated segmentation of diabetic macular edema in OCT B‐scan images based on RCU‐Net
Authors: Wu Jun , Zhang Yaxin , Xiao Zhitao , Zhang Fang , Geng Lei
Published: July 2022

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a typical fundus disease that can cause blindness in severe cases. The morphology of the inner limiting membrane (ILM) to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer in the retina and the macular edema (ME) area are important features for the diagnosis of DME. Doctors usually use non‐invasive and high‐resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) to examine the fundus of the patient. However, manual diagnosis has low efficiency and strong subjectivity. Realizing the automatic segmentation of the ILM‐RPE layer and ME is extremely important for the early diagnosis of DME. In this paper, the attention mechanism based on residual convolution module U‐Net (RCU‐Net) is proposed for the automatic segmentation of the retinal layer and cystoid edema lesions. Through the fusion of the residual structure and CBAM for feature extraction, the useful features in the channel and space are effectively strengthened, and the network can better learn different levels of information. The proposed network is combined with the Lovász‐softmax loss, which can better target the correlation between targets to obtain the optimal segmentation model during training. Finally, this paper compares the proposed method with several other segmentation methods. The experimental results show that the of the method in this model reaches 88.595%, and the reaches 99.171%. The RCU‐Net proposed in this paper is used to segment the ILM‐RPE layer and ME region in the retina OCT B‐scan images, and its overall performance is better than other networks.
An examination of the moderating role of growth mindset in the relation between social stress and externalizing behaviors among adolescents
Authors: Walker Kelsey A. , Jiang Xu
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Experiencing elevated stress increases the risk of further difficulties in mental health, including externalizing behaviors in adolescents. There is a need for understanding the factors that help adolescents mitigate social stress to prevent problematic externalizing behaviors. Growth mindset has been found to be a promising protective factor in adolescent development including mental health. This study aimed to examine the potential buffering role of growth mindset of thoughts‐emotion‐and‐behaviors in the context of two types of social stress (i.e., family and peer) to reduce externalizing behaviors among adolescents.

Methods

The sample is composed of 399 adolescents (age range 14–18 years, M = 16.22, SD = 1.21; 56.4% female, 42.3% male, 1.3% gender‐nonconforming or variant) from a large, urban, diverse high school in the United States. Adolescent self‐reports were administered at one time.

Results

Moderation analyses revealed that growth mindset of thoughts, emotion, and behaviors moderate the association between family stress and externalizing behaviors. The magnitude of this association weakened as the level of growth mindset increased, supporting the buffering effect of the moderator. Neither the moderation effect of growth mindset nor the main effects of peer stress and growth mindset were significant in predicting externalizing behaviors.

Conclusion

Taken together, the findings suggested that growth mindset has protective effects in reducing externalizing behaviors when adolescents experience family stress. Future directions and implications are discussed.
Antiproliferative activity of new derivatives of pyrazino[1,2‐a]benzimidazole: Integrated cell‐based assay and computational studies with divalent magnesium, iron, and copper ions
Authors: Rahimifard Mahban , Jalalimanesh Nafiseh , Movahed Mahsa A. , Hadjighassem Mahmoudreza , Pourahmad Jaktaji Razieh , Bagheri Zeinab , Pourahmad Jalal , Zarghi Afshin
Published: July 2022

Magnesium, iron, and copper are three vital metals that play essential roles in cancer cell proliferation. This study aimed to evaluate the metal chelation of new derivatives of pyrazino[1,2‐a]benzimidazole and investigate their antiproliferative properties. The density functional theory method has been employed to evaluate the complexation properties of new synthetic pyrazino[1,2‐a]benzimidazole derivatives possessing the 4‐OMe, 2,4‐dimethyl, and 3,4,5‐trimethoxy substitution on N‐2 phenyl ring with divalent magnesium, iron, and copper. The free energies for the water‐ligand exchange reactions were employed to investigate the thermodynamic stability, water exchange properties, and electronic properties in the gas phase. Natural population analysis was employed to estimate atomic partial charges, second‐order interactions between the filled and vacant orbitals, and the occupancies of the metals' valence s, p, and d orbitals. Among pyrazino[1,2‐a]benzimidazole derivatives, the 3,4,5‐trimethoxy substituted pyrazino[1,2‐a]benzimidazole shows better electron donor ability. This compound also reduced proliferation and increased the apoptosis of human glioblastoma cancer cells.
How regulatory focus–mode fit impacts variety‐seeking
Authors: Pham Thuy , Mathmann Frank , Jin Hyun Seung , Higgins E. Tory
Published: July 2022

Variety‐seeking research has examined antecedents in terms of contextual factors and individual differences. However, it does not consider the interaction of individual difference factors such as regulatory focus (promotion vs. prevention) and regulatory mode (locomotion vs. assessment) to predict variety‐seeking. Drawing on regulatory fit theory, this study introduces a new kind of regulatory fit based on the interaction between regulatory focus and mode (i.e., regulatory focus–mode fit), thereby extending previous work examining fit based on either regulatory focus or regulatory mode in isolation. Results from five studies, including field data from 10,547 music app consumers (text analysis), two preregistered studies, and two online experiments, show that regulatory focus–mode fit (vs. non‐fit) decreases variety‐seeking. Engagement and attitude certainty serially mediate regulatory focus–mode fit effects. Findings provide implications for consumer segmentation and message framing.
Fine needle and core needle ultrasound guided biopsies for assessing suspected melanoma metastasis in lymph nodes and subcutaneous tissue
Authors: Salim David N. , Obinah Magnus P. B. , Ternov Niels K. , McCullagh Mark J. D. , Larsen Mathilde S. , Hendel Helle W. , Hölmich Lisbet R. , Chakera Annette H.
Published: July 2022

Background and Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and core needle biopsy (CNB) in different clinical scenarios for melanoma patients with lesions suspected of metastasis.

Methods

We included all patients at our department attending follow‐up after surgery for cutaneous melanoma, who had undergone either FNAC or CNB between December 2016 and June 2019. Biopsy results were classified into one of four categories and verified with follow‐up including imaging, re‐biopsy or histology upon excision. The diagnostic accuracy of FNAC and CNB were calculated overall, and based on location of suspected metastasis, reason for suspicion and stage.

Results

We identified 232 biopsies in 164 patients; 109 FNACs and 123 CNBs. For FNAC, overall sensitivity was 83.3% and negative predictive value was 88.4%. For CNB, overall sensitivity was 92.4% and negative predictive value was 88.0%. There were significantly fewer nondiagnostic results using CNB compared to FNAC (χ12 = 6.7, p = 0.0095).

Conclusions

There were no significant differences between the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC and CNB in the different clinical scenarios. We found significantly fewer nondiagnostic biopsies when using CNB, although this may reflect the type of lesions selected for each approach.
Liver metastasis in soft tissue sarcoma at initial presentation
Authors: Kawae Yuta , Matsuoka Masatake , Onodera Tomohiro , Yokota Isao , Iwasaki Koji , Hishimura Ryosuke , Suzuki Yuki , Kondo Eiji , Iwasaki Norimasa
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives

Noncontrast computed tomography of the chest is the standard imaging modality for cancer staging in patients with soft tissue sarcoma (STS), but appropriate candidates for liver screening have not been clarified.

Methods

We reviewed all patients with STS diagnosed between 2010 and 2018 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Incidence of liver metastasis at initial presentation and high incidence of liver metastasis by histological subtype were investigated. In addition, risk factors for liver metastasis were investigated by multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results

After excluding patients without information about liver metastasis, cause of death or primary liver tumor, 47 260 patients were included in this study. Of those, 1471 patients (3.2%) showed liver metastasis at initial presentation. The histological subtype showing the highest incidence of liver metastasis was desmoplastic small round cell tumor (30.3%), followed by malignant hemangioendothelioma (11.5%) and angiomyoliposarcoma (10.5%). Deep‐rooted tumor, location in the body wall, retroperitoneum, or thorax/peritoneum, high histological grade, and higher T stage were associated with higher incidences of liver metastasis at initial presentation.

Conclusion

Risk factors for liver metastasis were deep location, trunk development, larger tumor size, high histological grade, and specific histological subtypes.
Early Neurocognitive Function With Propofol or Desflurane Anesthesia After Laser Laryngeal Surgery With Low Inspired Oxygen
Authors: Qiao Hui , Chen Jing , Huang Yanzhe , Pan Yiting , Lu Weisha , Huang Youyi , Li Wenxian , Shen Xia
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The effects of general anesthetics on cognitive impairment are unclear and complicated. Laser laryngeal surgery (LLS) requires the administration of low levels of oxygen, which may increase the risk of desaturation and brain function impairment. This prospective randomized trial aimed to compare the effects of desflurane and propofol‐based general anesthesia on the occurrence of early postoperative cognitive decline in elderly patients undergoing LLS.

Methods

Seventy‐three patients classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I or II and at least 65 years of age were randomly allocated to receive either desflurane‐based (Group D) or propofol‐based (Group P) anesthesia during LLS. The standard anesthesia protocol was performed, with a bispectral index between 40 and 60 and a mean arterial pressure within 20% of baseline values. Intraoperative regional oxygen saturation values were recorded. Each patient was assessed using the mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) test during the preoperative period (baseline), 30 min after extubation in the postanesthesia care unit, and 1, 3, and 24 h after surgery.

Results

MMSE scores improved slightly in both groups compared to baseline during the early postoperative period, but these increases were not statistically significant. No significant differences were identified in MMSE scores between groups. Only three patients (9.6%) in group D and one patient (3.1%) in group P developed cognitive impairment (p = 0.583).

Conclusion

Low intraoperative inspired oxygen concentration during short‐duration LLS did not reduce early postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients. Desflurane or propofol‐based anesthesia had similar effects on early neurocognition after LLS.

Level of Evidence

2 Laryngoscope, 133:640–646, 2023
Intensive care unit versus floor admission following lower extremity free flap surgery: Is there a difference in outcomes?
Authors: Deldar Romina , Abu El Hawa Areeg A. , Gupta Nisha , Truong Brian N. , Bovill John D. , Fan Kenneth L. , Evans Karen K.
Published: July 2022

Background

Free tissue transfer (FTT) lower limb salvage requires costly multidisciplinary care. Traditionally, patients who undergo FTT reconstruction for lower extremity (LE) wounds were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in the immediate postoperative period for close monitoring. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, our practice shifted toward admitting FTT patients to the floor postoperatively instead of the ICU. The purpose of this study is to compare surgical outcomes in patients admitted to the floor versus ICU immediately following LE free flap reconstruction.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed patients undergoing LE FTT reconstruction from 2011 to 2021. Flap monitoring consisted of an implantable Cook‐Swartz Doppler probe for muscle flaps and ViOptix tissue oximetry for fasciocutaneous flaps; clinical exam and hand‐held dopplers were not the primary flap monitoring techniques. Patients were divided into two groups depending on whether they went to the ICU or floor postoperatively. To ensure proper comparability between cohorts, we corrected for age, BMI and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) using 1:2 propensity score matching (floor: ICU). Primary outcomes included early postoperative complications, flap takeback and salvage, flap success, and postoperative length of stay (LOS).

Results

A total of 252 patients were identified. Forty‐five patients (17.9%) were admitted to the floor postoperatively and 207 patients (82.1%) to the ICU. Overall, microsurgical success rate was 97.2%, which was similar for floor and ICU patients. Flap takeback and salvage were similar between cohorts. Average postoperative LOS was significantly shorter in floor patients (15.7 vs. 19.1 days, p = 0.043).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that postoperative floor admission does not decrease flap success rates and should be considered in patients who undergo FTT to LE reconstruction and are otherwise stable. In the ongoing era of health care cost containment, microsurgery centers should consider appropriate floor training to allow medically stable free flap patients to avoid an ICU stay.
On the convergence and superconvergence for a class of two‐dimensional time fractional reaction‐subdiffusion equations
Authors: Wei Yabing , Zhao Yanmin , Chen Hu , Wang Fenling , Lü Shujuan
Published: July 2022

This paper analyzes a class of two‐dimensional (2‐D) time fractional reaction‐subdiffusion equations with variable coefficients. The high‐order L2‐1σ time‐stepping scheme on graded meshes is presented to deal with the weak singularity at the initial time t = 0, and the bilinear finite element method (FEM) on anisotropic meshes is used for spatial discretization. Using the modified discrete fractional Grönwall inequality, and combining the interpolation operator and the projection operator, the L2‐norm error estimation and H1‐norm superclose results are rigorously proved. The superconvergence result in the H1‐norm is derived by applying the interpolation postprocessing technique. Finally, numerical examples are presented to verify the validation of our theoretical analysis.