bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bibliografía y registros ibero-baleares de Meloidae (Coleoptera) publicados hasta la aparición del “Catálogo sistemático geográfico de los Coleópteros observados en la Península Ibérica, Pirineos propiamente dichos y Baleares” de J. M. de la Fuente
Authors: García-París M. , Ruiz José L.
Published: April 2010

En las publicaciones actuales sobre faunística y taxonomía de Meloidae de la Península Ibérica se citan registros de autores del siglo XIX y principios del XX, utilizando como referencia principal las obras de Górriz Muñoz (1882) y De la Fuente (1933). Sin embargo, no se alude a las localidades precisas originales aportadas por otros autores anteriores o coetáneos. Consideramos que el olvido de todas esas citas supone una pérdida importante, tanto por su valor faunístico intrínseco, como por su utilidad para documentar la potencial desaparición de poblaciones concretas objeto de citas históricas, así como para detectar posibles modificaciones en el área de ocupación ibérica de determinadas especies. En este trabajo reseñamos los registros ibéricos de especies de la familia Meloidae que hemos conseguido recopilar hasta la publicación del “Catálogo sistemático geográfico de los Coleópteros observados en la Península Ibérica, Pirineos propiamente dichos y Baleares” de J. M. de la Fuente (1933), y discutimos las diferentes posibilidades de adscripción específica cuando la nomenclatura utilizada no corresponde a la actual. Se eliminan del catálogo de especies ibero-baleares: Cerocoma muehlfeldi Gyllenhal, 1817, Cerocoma vahli Fabricius, 1787, Epicauta rufidorsum (Goeze, 1777), Cabalia segetum (Fabricius, 1792), Cyaneolytta granulipennis Lapouge, 1840, Lagorina scutellata (Laporte de Castelnau, 1840), Muzimes collaris (Fabricius, 1787), Oenas afer (Linnaeus, 1758), Oenas crassicornis (Illiger, 1800), Meloe (Listromeloe) hungarus Schrank, 1776, Croscherichia paykulli (Billberg, 1813), Hycleus fuscus (Olivier, 1811), Hycleus praeustus (Fabricius, 1792), Hycleus wagneri (Chevrolat, 1837), Mylabris (Eumylabris) fabricii Sumakov, 1924, Mylabris (Eumylabris) impressa Chevrolat, 1837, Mylabris (Mylabris) schreibersi Reiche, 1865, Euzonitis terminata (Abeille de Perrin, 1880), Euzonitis paulinae (Mulsant & Rey, 1858), Zonitis ruficollis Frivaldszky, 1877, y Apalus bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1761). Se considera dudosa la presencia de Actenodia distincta (Chevrolat, 1837).
Primer registro de Epicauta segmenta (Say, 1824) (Coleoptera, Meloidae) en Querétaro (México)
Authors: García-París M. , Parra-Olea G. , Settanni C.
Published: April 2010

No disponible
Anfibios colectados por la Comisión Científica del Pacífico (entre 1862 y 1865) conservados en el Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid
Authors: González Fernández J. E.
Published: April 2010

La Comisión Científica del Pacífico (CCP) es considerada como la mayor expedición científica realizada por España al continente americano durante el siglo XIX. En poco más de tres años (agosto de 1862 a diciembre de 1865) se colectaron y enviaron a España más de 80.000 ejemplares de fauna y flora correspondientes a cerca de 10.000 especies diferentes. La expedición probablemente remitió a Madrid 786 anfibios pertenecientes a 139 especies, que sufrieron los avatares por los que pasó la colección herpetológica del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales en los años siguientes. El presente trabajo recoge los resultados de las labores de rescate y documentación museológica de los ejemplares de anfibios colectados por esa expedición, incorporando información de archivos, antiguos catálogos, viejas fichas de colección, etiquetas antiguas y frascos donde se encontraban. Se reconstruye parte del itinerario de la expedición, a través de los diarios de campo, a fin de documentar los lugares y fechas de colecta. Por medio de un catálogo museológico se proporciona detallada información del estatus taxonómico vigente y de la información asociada de los ejemplares que aún se conservan procedentes de esta expedición. Actualmente éstos son 643 ejemplares –que representan el 81’8% de los 786 anfibios atribuidos de forma histórica a la CCP por Almagro (1866)– pertenecientes a 61 táxones del nivel especie, 17 de los cuales se citan por primera vez en este trabajo como colectados por la CCP. Durante la realización de este trabajo, de los 672 anfibios (pertenecientes a 59 táxones menores) empleados por Jiménez de la Espada en sus publicaciones, han sido localizados un total de 522 ejemplares (lo que supone el 77’67% de todos ellos), pertenecientes a 43 táxones (el 74’13% de los empleados por Jiménez de la Espada). Dado el desconocimiento de la fauna batracológica sudamericana en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, las publicaciones basadas en parte de ese material que realizó entonces Marcos Jiménez de la Espada han devenido en clásicos taxonómicos. Son así de destacar muchos de los tipos nomenclaturales empleados por Jiménez de la Espada entre 1871 y 1875 para la descripción de una familia, 14 géneros y 36 especies y subespecies de anfibios neotropicales, algunos de los cuales se habían dado por perdidos en la literatura taxonómica.
Lista comentada de los reptiles de Mauritania (oeste de África)
Authors: Padial J. M.
Published: April 2010

Esta es la primera lista de reptiles comentada con datos de distribución para la República Islámica de Mauritania. La fauna de reptiles de Mauritania se compone de 86 especies pertenecientes a 21 familias. Entres ellas, Colubridae y Lacertidae son las más diversas, con 14 y 13 especies respectivamente. Otras familias como Agamidae, Gekkonidae, Scincidae y Viperidae también son representativas. Entre las 80 especies continentales el 47.5% son de distribución sahariana, el 33.8% afrotropical, el 16.2% sahelianas y el 2.5% mediterráneas. Las tortugas marinas, con seis especies, es otro grupo importante. Ocho especies no han sido incluidas en la lista debido a que se trataba de viejos errores de identificación, por carecer de suficiente evidencia o debido a la redistribución de las viejas fronteras políticas. Entre las especies potencialmente presentes, al menos nueve de ellas se esperan para las zonas saharianas, trece para las sabanas del Sahel, y dos podrían haber sido introducidas.
Precedencia de Amphyginus Haliday, 1841 sobre Neocalathus Ball & Nègre, 1972 (Coleoptera, Carabidae)
Authors: Alonso-Zarazaga M. A.
Published: April 2010

Not available
Rotíferos de la Comunidad de Madrid
Authors: Velasco J. L.
Published: April 2010

En la Comunidad de Madrid han sido citados hasta la fecha 135 taxa de Rotíferos (Rotifera) que representan, aproximadamente, un tercio (30,6%) de los 441 taxa descritos en España. En este trabajo se presentan las localidades precisas y los datos de colecta de las especies de Madrid. De las localidades muestreadas destaca por su interés la Laguna de San Juan. De esta laguna, localizada en terrenos yesíferos, se aportan las primeras citas para España de seis species.
Los Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) asociados con agallas de Cinípidos (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) en la Comunidad de Madrid
Authors: Gómez J. F. , Hernández Nieves M. , Garrido Torres A. M. , Askew R. R. , Nieves-Aldrey J. L.
Published: April 2010

Se compila y actualiza la información existente sobre la comunidad parasitoide de Chalcidoidea, asociada a agallas de cinípidos (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) en la Comunidad de Madrid. Los datos corresponden a más de 1000 registros, tanto de datos publicados, como inéditos, correspondientes a colectas en 80 localidades de Madrid efectuadas por el equipo investigador a lo largo de 23 años. Se aporta una lista comentada de 121 especies, 19 de las cuales con identificación provisional, de 6 familias de Chalcidoidea: 26 Eurytomidae, 27 Torymidae, 9 Ormyridae, 33 Pteromalidae, 9 Eupelmidae y 17 Eulophidae, inventariadas en la Comunidad de Madrid. Ormyrus rufimanus Mayr, 1904 e Idiomacromerus semiaeneus (Szelenyi, 1957) se citan por primera vez en la Península Ibérica. Para cada familia y género de Chalcidoidea se comentan su biología, diversidad y distribución en la Comunidad de Madrid. Se discute la composición de la comunidad parasitoide asociada a agallas en la Comunidad de Madrid comparándola con la del ámbito íbero-balear y el Paleártico occidental. Se comentan las especies de la comunidad ibérica de parasitoides de Cynipidae ausentes de la región de Madrid, las exclusivas de esta comunidad y las potencialmente presentes. Se incluyen sendos apéndices finales, uno con la lista de especies de Chalcidoidea obtenidas de 74 agallas distintas correspondientes a 71 especies de cinípidos hospedadoras de la Comunidad de Madrid que presentan algún registro de parasitoides, y otro con la relación completa de material estudiado por localidades, con sus coordenadas X e Y, agallas y plantas hospedadoras.
Descripción de una nueva especie del género Arganiella Giusti y Pezzoli, 1980 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Hydrobiidae) en la Península Ibérica
Authors: Arconada B. , Ramos M.ª A.
Published: April 2010

Se describe una especie ibérica de Arganiella Giusti y Pezzoli, 1980, un género que hasta ahora se consideraba monotípico y endémico de los Apeninos centrales italianos. Esta nueva especie, denominada Arganiella tartessica, ha sido localizada en el sureste español, en las provincias de Huelva y Badajoz. En este artículo se describen en detalle sus caracteres morfológicos y se presentan datos, hasta la fecha desconocidos en el género Arganiella, del sistema nervioso y de áreas ciliadas en la región cefálica.
Nombre de reemplazo en el género Mylabris Fabricius, 1775 (Coleoptera, Meloidae)
Authors: Ruiz J. L. , García-París M.
Published: April 2010

No disponible
Más comentarios sobre Amphyginus Haliday, 1841 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Calathus)
Authors: Serrano J.
Published: April 2010

No disponible
Nuevos táxones animales descritos en la península Ibérica y Macaronesia desde 1994 (XI)
Authors: Fernandez J.
Published: April 2010

No disponible
Una nueva especie del género Yuriria Jordan & Evermann, 1896 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) de la cuenca del río Ameca en la Mesa Central Mexicana
Authors: Domínguez-Domínguez O. , Pompa-Domínguez A. , Doadrio I.
Published: April 2010

Se describe una nueva especie, Yuriria amatlana sp. nov., en base a caracteres morfométricos, merísticos y genéticos. La nueva especie proviene de la parte alta de la cuenca del río Ameca en la Meseta Central de México. Esta especie se diferencia de Yuriria alta y Yuriria chapalae por una combinación de los siguientes caracteres: (50-52) 53-54 escamas en una serie longitudinal, 10 escamas en una serie transversal por encima de la línea lateral y 5-6 escamas por debajo de la línea lateral y 8-10 branquiespinas. El color del cuerpo es amarillo-marrón claro. La nueva especie tiene una banda gris oscura menos marcada en el cuerpo desde el comienzo de la aleta dorsal hacia la cabeza con respecto a Yuriria alta y Yuriria chapalae. La nueva especie se diferencia de Yuriria alta y Yuriria chapalae en 29 posiciones nucleotídicas fijadas (autopomorfias moleculares) para el citocromo b. La divergencia genética entre Yuriria alta y Yuriria amatlana sp. nov. para el citocromo b fue de `DHKY = 3.8 (3.2-4.4%); entre Y. amatlana sp. nov. y Y. chapalae fue `DHKY = 5 (4.8-5.2%) y entre Y. chapalae y Y. alta fue `DHKY = 2.6 (2.1-3.3%).
Descripción de dos nuevas subespecies del género Lepidocyrtus Bourlet, 1839 (Collembola, Entomobryidae) de La Península Ibérica
Authors: Simón Benito J. C.
Published: April 2010

Se hace un estudio de Lepidocyrtus lusitanicus Gama, 1964, encontrándose dos nuevos taxones, L. lusitanicus nigrus ssp. n. y L. lusitanicus piezoensis ssp. n. Difieren de la especie principal en la distinta coloración corporal. También se estudian los otros dos taxones de esta especie L. lusitanicus lusitanicus y L. lusitanicus coloratus comb. n., con sus mapas de distribución. Al mismo tiempo se efectúa una clave de las especies de este género para la Península Ibérica.
Una nueva especie del género Bathysciola Jeannel, 1910 de los Pirineos Centrales, España (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae, Leptodirini)
Authors: Fresneda J. , Comas J.
Published: April 2010

Se describe una nueva especie del género Bathysciola Jeannel, 1910 –Bathysciola fadriquei n. sp.– perteneciente al grupo schiodtei; ésta ha sido hallada en medio subterráneo profundo, en dos cuevas situadas en Sierra de Bernera, macizo del Bisaurín, Pirineo de Huesca, Aragón, España. Los caracteres diferenciales se encuentran básicamente en las estructuras genitales: la nueva especie se caracteriza por presentar en el complejo faneroide del saco interno del edeago unas faneras apicales muy grandes, triangulares, fuertemente esclerotizadas, con un lóbulo exterior asociado. Se discute la posición taxonómica. Se completa el estudio con ilustraciones de las estructuras que permiten su diferenciación, clave de identificación y datos de distribución.
Taxonomía y distribución de Mylabris (Micrabris) maculosopunctata Graells, 1858 y M. (M.) beauregardi Górriz Muñoz, 1884 con estudio del material tipo de Zonabris rosinae Escherich, 1899 y Z. pauper Escherich, 1899 (Coleoptera, Meloidae, Mylabrini)
Authors: García-París M. , Ruiz J. L.
Published: April 2010

A raíz del estudio del material tipo de Zonabris rosinae Escherich, 1899 y Zonabris pauper Escherich, 1899 se confirman los criterios adoptados por Pardo Alcaide (1948, 1950) con respecto a ambas especies. Para poder discutir adecuadamente los aspectos nomenclaturales y taxonómicos asociados con estos taxones, se designan lecto y paralectotipos de las dos especies. Asimismo se han localizado tres ejemplares atribuibles a la serie tipo de Mylabris quadripunctata var. beauregardi Górriz Muñoz, 1884 en la colección del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (Madrid, España). Una vez designados estos ejemplares como lecto y paralectotipos, discutimos la identidad de este taxon, ignorado o malinterpretado hasta el momento, y establecemos su sinonimia con Z. pauper (syn. nov.) correspondiendo la prioridad nomenclatural a Mylabris beauregardi. Finalmente se discute la distribución geográfica de M. (Micrabris) beauregardi y M. (M.) maculosopunctata Graells, 1858 y se efectúa un comentario sobre la identidad de Mylabris restricta Motschulsky, 1849, posible sinonimia de M. (Micrabris) maculosopunctata.
La fauna de Crabronidae y Sphecidae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) de la isla de La Palma (islas Canarias) - Una aproximación que incluye la descripción de una especie nueva
Authors: Ljubomirov T.
Published: April 2010

Se presenta un estudio de la fauna de Crabronidae y Sphecidae de la isla de La Palma (Islas Canarias). Se considera probada la presencia de once especies, cinco de las cuales –Liris nigricans nigricans (Walker, 1871), Miscophus eatoni E. Saunders, 1903, Tachysphex nitidus (Spinola, 1806), Solierella insidiosa de Beaumont, 1964 y Nitela laevigata sp. n.– se registran por vez primera para la fauna de La Palma. Se adjunta una breve evaluación de la riqueza específica de ambas familias en la isla.
Redescubrimiento de Aulacidea kiefferi Cotte, 1915 (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae), con redescripción del adulto y del último estado larval
Authors: Nieves-Aldrey J. L.
Published: April 2010

Aulacidea kiefferi Cotte, 1915, un cinípido que induce la formación de agallas en la planta Carthamus lanatus L., conocido tan solo por una única antigua cita de Francia, se ha redescubierto en el centro de España, en el sureste de la Comunidad de Madrid. En este estudio se redescribe la hembra adulta y la agalla de la especie, incluyendo una descripción nueva del macho y del último estado larval. Se transfiere la especie al género Phanacis, y se aporta una clave de identificación de las especies europeas afines del género Phanacis. P. kiefferi puede potencialmente utilizarse en el control biológico de su planta hospedadora, el cártamo lanoso, una maleza invasora nociva, nativa de la región mediterránea, que presenta en la actualidad una distribución virtualmente cosmopolita.
Memorial Pere Alberch. “The Cradle of Evo-Devo”. Valencia 21-24 Mayo de 2008
Authors: Boto L.
Published: April 2010

No disponible
Adiciones y correcciones al Catálogo de los coleópteros de la familia Meloidae de México
Authors: García-París M. , Ruiz J. L.
Published: April 2010

No disponible
Nueva especie de Mastigoproctus Pocock, 1894 (Thelyphonida, Thelyphonidae) de Venezuela noroccidental
Authors: Villarreal Manzanilla O. , De L. Giupponi A. P.
Published: April 2010

Una nueva especie del género Mastigoproctus Pocock, 1894 es descrita para el estado Falcón, en el tramo occidental de la Cordillera de la Costa, Venezuela. Es la tercera especie del género registrada para el país, siendo el registro más al norte del género en el continente suramericano y el primero del orden para el estado Falcón.
Primera cita en la península Ibérica del poliqueto terrestre Parergodrilus heideri Reisinger, 1925 (Polychaeta, Parergodrilidae)
Authors: Martínez-Ansemil E. , Parapar J.
Published: April 2010

No disponible
AUTOMATIC THYROID NODULE SEGMENTATION AND COMPONENT ANALYSIS IN ULTRASOUND IMAGES
Authors: Chang Chuan-Yu , Huang Hsin-Cheng , Chen Shao-Jer
Published: April 2010

Heterogeneous thyroid nodules have distinct components and vague boundaries in ultrasound (US) images. It is difficult for radiologists and physicians to manually draw the complete shape of a nodule, or distinguish what kind of components a nodule has. Hence, this article presents an automatic process for nodule segmentation and component classification. A decision-tree algorithm is used to segment the possible nodular area. A refinement process is then applied to recover the nodular shape. Finally, a hierarchical method based on support vector machines (SVMs) is used to identify the components in the nodular lesion. Experimental results of the proposed approach were compared with those of other methods.
Separating H-sets by Open Sets
Authors: Porter Jack , Tikoo Mohan
Published: April 2010

In an H-closed, Urysohn space, disjoint H-sets can be separated by disjoint open sets. This is not true for an arbitrary H-closed space even if one of the H-sets is a point. In this paper, we provide a systematic study of those spaces in which disjoint H-sets can be separated by disjoint open sets.
Almost Periodicity and Lyapunov's Functions for Impulsive Functional Differential Equations with Infinite Delays
Authors: Stamov Gani Tr.
Published: April 2010

This paper studies the existence and uniqueness of almost periodic solutions of nonlinear impulsive functional differential equations with infinite delay. The results obtained are based on the Lyapunov–Razumikhin method and on differential inequalities for piecewise continuous functions.
Equivalent Definitions of Infinite Positive Elements in Simple C*-algebras
Authors: Fang Xiaochun , Wang Lin
Published: April 2010

We prove the equivalence of three definitions given by different comparison relations for infiniteness of positive elements in simple C*-algebras.
Bacteriorhodopsin‐mediated CO2 photoassimilation in the Dead Sea1
Authors: Oren Aharon
Published: April 2010

Surface water samples collected from the Dead Sea in autumn 1981 contained dense populations of halobacteria (4–5.106 cells · ml−1) and only very few algae (Dunaliella) (4–6 cells · ml−1). Primary production measurements showed that the samples displayed light‐dependent CO2 assimilation, the major part of which was not inhibited by DCMU. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that the DCMU‐refractory part of the CO2 photoassimilation could be attributed to the activity of purple membrane‐containing halobacteria. It is suggested that the halobacteria may significantly contribute to light‐dependent CO2 assimilation in the Dead Sea.
The mechanism of scavenging of waterborne bacteria by a rising bubble
Authors: Weber Martin E. , Blanchard Duncan C. , Syzdek Lawrence D.
Published: April 2010

It is shown that interception can account for the number of bacteria which are collected by a rising bubble. In the first few centimeters of rise the collection rate is large because the bubble surface is mobile. As the bubble picks up surface‐active materials, its surface loses mobility and the collection rate decreases. The first 20–30 cm of rise are the most important.
Grazing and nutrient interactions in controlling the activity and composition of the epilithic algal community of an arctic lake1
Authors: Cuker Benjamin E.
Published: April 2010

The effects of grazing by the snail Lymnaea and enrichment with N and P were examined in the epilithic algal community of an arctic lake. Increased nutrients raised chlorophyll a levels and primary production and favored the growth of filamentous green algae and coccoid blue‐greens. Intensive grazing reduced algal concentration and activity. Grazing increased the relative abundance of small green and blue‐green coccoid cells at the expense of larger (>20 µm) diatoms.

Photosynthetic activity of snail feces was 77–79% that of ungrazed algae per unit mass. Split chamber experiments and measurements of dissolved phosphorus indicated that nutrients released in grazing may be tightly recycled within snail guts or on the rock surface, rather than transferred into the water.

Radioisotope tracing was used to develop a simple energy budget for Lymnaea. Despite viable gut passage of some of the algae, the snail was an efficient grazer, assimilating 68% and incorporating 25% of ingested carbon.
Trends in pH, calcium, and sulfate of rivers in Atlantic Canada
Authors: Clair Thomas A. , Whitfield Paul H.
Published: April 2010

Acid precipitation is affecting the chemistry of rivers in Atlantic Canada. Long term records for pH, calcium, and sulfate from 11 rivers were fitted using time series models. Decreases in pH over time were found, but the results for calcium and sulfate were not consistent with the predicted model. The conceptual models used to understand the effects of acid precipitation on water chemistry did not adequately explain the observed changes.
The influence of water motion on the distribution and transport of materials in a salt marsh estuary1
Authors: Imberger J. , Berman T. , Christian R. R. , Sherr E. B. , Whitney D. E. , Pomeroy L. R. , Wiegert R. G. , Wiebe W. J.
Published: April 2010

A formal approach is presented of ordering the time scales of the dominant fluxes of material in an estuary and then accordingly choosing the spatial and temporal resolution of the sampling program. In this way bounds can be derived for the internal turnover times, boundary exchange rates, and import or export fluxes of a particular substance purely from measurements of the standing stock values in the estuary water.

Application of this methodology to an experiment in the Duplin River, Georgia, showed that if the effects of the water motion and mixing are extracted from the variation of a biological component, then the variability of the residual can be successfully interpreted. For a typical summer condition it was shown that ammonium was cycled rapidly within the marsh water, its distribution was very patchy, and only its decomposition products left the marsh; that the refractory dissolved organic carbon (DOC) component was steadily exported by longitudinal mixing while labile DOC was rapidly recycled in the water; that silicate was produced in large amounts in the marsh and exported by longitudinal mixing; that particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations were almost completely determined by the turbulence intensity in the water; and that compared to this internal cycling, export was of minor significance.
Observations of copepod swarms in Lake Tahoe1
Authors: Byron E. R. , Whitman P. T. , Goldman C. R.
Published: April 2010

During summer 1980, dense swarms of the calanoid copepod Diaptomus tyrrelli formed during midday in several areas of the nearshore surface of Lake Tahoe, California‐Nevada. Swarms were most consistently found immediately adjacent to rocks in pools protected from wave action. Swarms were as dense as 11,354 copepods·liter−1 and composed primarily of adult males. They were not formed passively by currents. Swarming copepods have greater mating success than midlake copepods. Swarming may offer some protection from fish predation. The high densities and small size of swarms indicate that they could severely alter estimates of zooplankton density when they are included in integrated net tows.
Phosphorus and nitrogen in coral reef sediments
Authors: Entsch Barrie , Boto Kevin G. , Sim Robin G. , Wellington John T.
Published: April 2010

The occurrence of P and N in the sediments has been investigated on Davies Reef in the central region of the Great Barrier Reef Complex. Concentrations of inorganic P and N in the water were typical of nutrient‐depleted tropical surface water, Carbonate sediments were found to contain a uniform pool of P (300 ppm by wt), principally in the form of inorganic phosphate. The interstitial water of the surface layer of sediment contained micromolar concentrations of inorganic P and even higher concentrations of inorganic N, principally as ammonium. These nutrient concentrations should allow high rates of uptake of N and P by epilithic algae. Arsenate concentrations were considered too low to compete significantly with the uptake of available phosphate into algae. The presence of ammonium and soluble P was associated with anaerobic redox potentials in the sediments just below the surface. Soluble phosphorus was in equilibrium with a small, rapidly exchangeable fraction of the sedimentary pool of inorganic phosphate. Analyses of P in growing tips of Halimeda and corals (which supply more than half of reef sediments) suggested that the skeletons provide a biological mechanism for the replenishment of at least some of the sedimentary pool. Ratios of C:N:P for a selection of benthic algae were used as a preliminary indicator of their N and P status.
Nitrogen cycling in different types of sediments from Danish waters1
Authors: Blackburn T. H. , Henriksen K.
Published: April 2010

Variations in sediment N:C ratios were correlated with water depth and season.15NH4+ was used to measure the rates of NH4+ production (d) and incorporation into bacterial cells (i) in sediments from different stations, at different seasons. The validity of the rates d and i was indicated by the predicted correlation of d:i ratios with N:C ratios of the sediment, and the predicted N:C ratio at which net NH4+ uptake occurred. There was also a correlation between rate d and product (total NH4+). In the 0–2‐cm stratum correlations were also established between d, exchangeable NH4+ pool, ratio exchangeable NH44+: porewater NH4+, flux of NH4+ from sediment, and flux of NH4+ into exchangeable pool. The NO3− flux from sediment was correlated with nitrification rate and with season. Benthic infauna increased the flux of NH4+ from the sediment by 50%. The rates of transfer of nitrogen (NO3−, NH4+, N2) from sediment to water were 44–66% of the net rates of organic nitrogen mineralization (d − i). Flux of NO3− + NH4+ from the sediment could supply 30–82% of the nitrogen requirement of the planktonic primary producers.
Temperature‐length growth strategies in the littoral alga Ascophyllum nodosum (L.)1
Authors: Strömgren Tor
Published: April 2010

The growth in length of Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) apices is greatly enhanced during brief temperature increases. This temperature‐related increase in length is linearly correlated to light intensity. Maximum elongation rate is found during 5–10 min of exposure. During the first hour of exposure, elongation rates are linearly correlated with temperature up to 35°C. At 6 h of exposure an optimum temperature for growth in length is indicated at 22.5°C. The elongation rates decrease with time, suggesting that resources are used up. The renewal of these resources under normal conditions is linearly correlated with time. Elongation rates induced by high temperature are followed by rates lower than normal after the temperature exposure. However, for exposures of 1–4 h, there is an increase in overall rate of elongation. The results indicate that the main part of the length growth in A. nodosum takes place during low tide when the alga is exposed to heating by air and sun.
Corals move boulders: An unusual mechanism of sediment transport
Authors: Tunnicliffe Verena , Syvitski James P. M.
Published: April 2010

Tidal currents over the sill of Knight Inlet, a fjord on the western Canadian coast, are frequently in excess of 1 m · s−2. This shallow sill (65 m) is composed of cobble‐ to boulder‐sized sediments that support extensive growths of large gorgonian corals. Although current‐generated shear stresses are normally far from sufficient to initiate boulder movement, drag forces due to the attached corals do cause a significant rearrangement of the boulders on the sill.
A continuous‐flow periphyton bioassay: Tests of nutrient limitation in a tundra stream1
Authors: Peterson Bruce J. , Hobbie John E. , Corliss Teresa L. , Kriet Keith
Published: April 2010

The effect of added nutrients on the periphyton of a tundra stream was tested during July and August. Flow‐through systems consisting of a bank of clear plastic tubes containing racks of microscope slides were suspended from floats in the stream. Nutrients were enriched in the experimental tubes by siphoning concentrated nutrient solutions from Mariotte bottles into the upstream end of each tube. Slides from each tube were assayed at 2–6‐day intervals for chlorophyll content and photosynthetic 14CO2 uptake. Levels of chlorophyll and CO2 uptake were significantly higher than the controls both in the tubes with 10 µg PO4‐P · liter−1 of stream water and in those with P plus 100 µg NH4NO3− N·liter−1. Nitrogen alone gave no stimulation.
A note on the fluorescence characteristics of particles that pkss through glass‐fiber filters1
Authors: Yentsch Charles S.
Published: April 2010

The spectral characteristics of fluorescence from material that passes through a glass‐fiber filter suggests that the population of small cells is made up of cyanobacteria and other algae. The latter appear not to be diatoms or dinoflagellates as they contain little or no carotenoid protein such as fucoxanthin.
Observations of sound reflection by temperature microstructure
Authors: Thorpe S. A. , Brubaker J. M.
Published: April 2010

Acoustic scattering layers, often reported in lakes and in the ocean, may be due to a variety of causes. An experiment tested whether turbulence, artificially generated by towing objects at constant depth, could be detected by a 102‐kHz narrow‐bean fisheries research transceiver sonar. Echoes were absent (or rapidly decaying) in layers of uniform temperature, a result consistent with predictions of sound scattering from velocity microstructure alone. In stratified regions however, the wakes were always acoustically visible close to the object and, for wake Reynolds number of about 1.6 × 105 and Froude numbers of 100, remained visible for times, t, after generation such that Nt ≈ 10, where N was the local buoyancy frequency. At the frequency of the sonar, the scattering is from the temperature microstructure, predominantly from wavenumbers in the viscous diffusive subrange described by the Batchelor spectrum. This scattering may be reduced by using a higher frequency sonar. The observed scattering was of similar intensity to that from natural scatterers and appears to be higher than that which can be reasonably accounted for if the thermal microstructure at the scattering wavenumber is isotropic. Assuming an anisotropic thermal microstructure, the scattering cross‐section per unit volume, estimated from microstructure measurements of naturally occurring temperature fluctuations, exceeds 3 × 10−6· The observations indicate that naturally occurring temperature microstructure is sometimes a source of acoustic scattering of sufficient magnitude to be detected by sonar.
Mass balance of carbon and phosphorus in Shark Bay, Western Australia1
Authors: Smith S. V. , Atkinson M. J.
Published: April 2010

Deviations of total CO2, total alkalinity, and reactive P from conservative evaporation lines are used to quantify nonconservative fluxes of these materials in a negative estuary; the fluxes are then partitioned among CaCO3 production, net community organic carbon production, and CO2 gas evasion. The rate of organic metabolism for the system is controlled by nutrient delivery, although individual communities within the system support higher local metabolic rates than the bay‐wide average by exchange of materials between autotrophic and heterotrophic components. The three CO2 flux processes act in concert to keep pH and Pco2 relatively constant.
Photosynthesis of natural phytoplankton under high frequency light fluctuations simulating those induced by sea surface waves1
Authors: Walsh P. , Legendre L.
Published: April 2010

The photosynthetic 14C assimilation of phytoplankton from the St. Lawrence estuary was measured under various artificial light regimes, combining different intensities, colors, and high frequency fluctuations. The light fluctuations consisted of rapid alternation of high and low light intensities of equal duration. In the first set of experiments, the photosynthetic response was measured under red, green, blue, and white light, steady or fluctuating (2.5 Hz). Under fluctuating light, the color: white 14C assimilation ratios were significantly higher than those under steady light. In the second set of experiments, light saturation curves were made under fluctuating (10 Hz) and steady lights. No differences were recorded for PBmax but the photosynthetic efficiencies α were 30% higher under fluctuating light. Vertical distribution of rapid light fluctuations, together with light intensities and color, is therefore of ecological significance. These experiments also raise the problem of deck incubations, where not only the color is modified but also the frequency of light fluctuations, leading to a median error as high as 30%.
The importance of fractional light absorption by photosynthetic pigments for phytoplankton productivity in Lake Constance
Authors: Tilzer Max M.
Published: April 2010

The role of light interception by photosynthetic pigments on the productivity of phytoplankton was studied year‐round in mesotrophic Lake Constance. The phytoplankton showed wide seasonal fluctuations in both biomass (Chl a) and photosynthesis.

Linear regression was used to determine pigment‐specific light attenuation and nonalgal light extinction. Fractional light absorption by photosynthetic pigments ranged from 4 to 70%. Pheopigments comprised 27.4 ± 8.2% of total pigments. Since pheopigments do not transfer energy to the photosystems, their light absorption must be added to the background light attenuation by nonphotosynthetic material. If pheopigments are considered, estimates of fractional light absorption decrease accordingly.

A plot of integral photosynthesis vs. maximum photosynthesis at the depth of the optimum light intensity gives a saturation curve, due to increasing fractional light absorbance by photosynthetic pigments at rising concentrations of biomass. Integral photosynthesis would reach a theoretical upper limit if all light were absorbed by active photosynthetic pigments. Since pheopigment concentrations usually rise with active Chl a, background light attenuation increases also, leading to diminished productivity per unit of lake surface area.
The causes and consequences of sex‐specific mortality in a freshwater copepod1
Authors: Hairston Nelson G. , Walton William E. , Li Kao T.
Published: April 2010

We studied skewed adult copepod sex ratios in two ponds in an attempt to understand the ecological causes and evolutionary consequences of this life‐history phenomenon. In ponds containing populations of zooplanktivorous sunfish, female copepods suffered higher mortality rates than males, while in ponds lacking these predators, male and female mortality rates were similar. Field and laboratory experiments showed that females, especially those carrying eggs, were more visible than males and that added visibility accounted for higher predation by fish on these individuals.

We calculated the cost of carrying eggs in terms of the decreased population growth rate it produces, and then estimated the magnitude of egg mortality necessary to select for the egg‐carrying strategy. Eggs not carried would have to suffer at least 58% mortality for egg carrying to evolve in the presence of selective fish predation. The response of the copepods to these strong selective pressures lies in a third direction, the production of diapausing eggs.
Temporal patterns of cell division in natural populations of endosymbiotic algae
Authors: Wilkerson F. P. , Muller G. , Muscatine Parker L.
Published: April 2010

The frequency of mitosis of zooxanthellae in a range of symbiotic cnidarian associations was measured over a 24‐h period. Populations of intracellular zooxanthellae in a variety of sessile benthic hosts showed asynchronous division patterns, but those of Mastigias sp. are extracellular in the mesoglea and show phased division with a mitotic index (MI) peak of 11% at 0445 hours. This pelagic medusa swims horizontally during the day in oligotrophic surface waters and vertically and continuously at night, periodically visiting a nutrient‐rich chemocline at 15 m. This periodic exposure to nutrients may contribute to phasing of cell division.

In situ growth rates (µ) and doubling times (T) estimated from diel MI data showed that zooxanthellae whose hosts are exposed to higher ambient nutrient concentrations may have faster growth rates than those of hosts in oligotrophic waters.
Food limitation of production by adult Acartia tonsa in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island1
Authors: Durbin Edward G. , Durbin Ann G. , S‐mayda Thomas J. , Verity Peter G.
Published: April 2010

Egg production, dry weight, cephalothorax length, and condition factor were measured for adult Acartia tonsa females collected twice weekly from Narragansett Bay, R.I., during summer 1979 and incubated in ambient bay water and in ambient bay water enriched with laboratory‐cultured algae. Egg production, dry weight, and condition factor of copepods in the ambient bay water fluctuated considerably (ranges 1.6–51.6 eggs·female‒1·d‒1, 7.37–16.60 µg dry wt, and 1.09–2.37 condition factor) and closely followed the seasonal trends in Chl a and particulate carbon and nitrogen. Cephalothorax length remained fairly constant during the study. The overall mean egg production rate, dry weight, and cephalothorax length of the copepods after incubation for 48 h in the algae‐enriched water were significantly greater than for copepods incubated in ambient bay water (mean values 45.9 vs. 25.3 eggs·female‒1·d‒1, 13.2 vs. 11.8 µg dry wt, and 901.7 vs. 891.8 µm long). Since body size and egg production in adult A. tonsa responded rapidly to a change in food availability, the copepods must have been continuously food limited in Narragansett Bay during summer.
Collection of airborne materials by a water surface
Authors: Lewis William M.
Published: April 2010

The collection of major ions, N and P compounds, and particulate and organic materials by a water surface was compared with collection of the same substances by an equal area of dry inert surface such as that used in precipitation chemistry collectors. The water surface proved to be a much more efficient collector of Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Cl‒ and a less efficient collector of SO42‒ and NH4+ than the dry surface. The estimated transport of some atmospheric materials to natural water surfaces may be in error by a significant amount if computed from traditional precipitation chemistry collectors.
Denitrification and nitrous oxide production in a coastal marine ecosystem1
Authors: Seitzinger Sybil P. , Nixon Scott W. , Pilson Michael E. Q.
Published: April 2010

Denitrification was measured directly as the flux of N2 from sediment cores collected at various times of year at three stations in the Narragansett Bay, R.I., area. Rates of N2 production ranged from about 10 to 115 µmol N·m‒2·h‒1, with lowest values at 2°C in winter and highest at 15°C in summer. Denitrification represents a major sink for fixed N in the bay; annually the N2 production is equal to about 50% of the fixed inorganic N loading to the bay from rivers, land, and sewage. About 35% of the organic nitrogen mineralized in the sediments is removed from the ecosystem by denitrification.

The percentage of organic nitrogen being mineralized in the sediments as N2O relative to N2 or NO3‒ + NO2‒ is higher in polluted sediments than in relatively unpolluted sediments, but in all cases is < 10%.
Chesapeake Bay nutrient and plankton dynamics. 2. Sources and sinks of nitrite1
Authors: McCarthy James J. , Kaplan Warren , Nevins John L.
Published: April 2010

The transformations of inorganic nitrogenous nutrients that can lead to the frequently observed high levels of nitrite in the Chesapeake Bay and York River were investigated by a combination of 15N tracer techniques and assays of the concentrations of chemical constituents (NH4+, NO2‒, NO3‒, O2, N2O, and CH4).

During destratification, uptake and remineralization of NH4+ in the York River followed a diel cycle, but nitrification was not as closely coupled to the light regime. The distributions of N2O, NO2‒, and CH4 in the York River suggest that the primary source of N2O and NO2‒, both produced during nitrification, was in the water rather than in the sediments. Rates of nitrification inferred from N2O gas flux calculations are consistent with measured in situ rates.

Experiments at a series of stations in the mid‐Chesapeake Bay were designed to look at transformations among N pools. The yield of N2O‐N relative to NO2‒ ‐N during nitrification ranged from 0.2 to 0.7%, in agreement with previously published laboratory results.

Our 15N data indicate that oxidized N can be formed in the water of the bay when physical events cause the mixing of NH4+‐rich bottom water with more oxygenated surface layers. We also found that N3‒ was reduced to NH4+ at unexpectedly rapid rates in well oxygenated surface waters.

The magnitude and duration of high concentrations of N2O and NO2‒ in these estuarine waters during mixing events might be expected to increase if anthropogenic loading of nutrients causes anoxic conditions in the bay to become more widespread.
Measured and predicted fluxes of biogenic silica in Lake Michigan1
Authors: Schelske Claire L. , Eadie Brian J. , Krausse Gerald L.
Published: April 2010

Diatom production in the offshore waters of Lake Michigan is limited by silica supplies in late summer and can be predicted from the seasonal disappearance of silica from the trophogenic zone. Biogenic silica fluxes obtained from sediment trap collections were compared with fluxes predicted from the silica disappearance model. Measured and predicted fluxes were in good agreement for offshore stations, but at stations closer to shore measured fluxes were 2–3 times greater than predicted fluxes. Sediment trap and water chemistry data show that little of the diatom production is dissolved in the water column. Therefore, greater than predicted fluxes at nearshore locations were attributed to new silica supplied from upwellings, tributary inputs, and recycling and resuspension in nearshore sediments. The good agreement between measured and predicted fluxes in offshore waters shows that biogenic silica fluxes may be useful in determining the collecting efficiency of sediment traps.
The origin of a metalimnetic chrysophyte peak
Authors: Pick F. R. , Nalewajko C. , Lean D. R. S.
Published: April 2010

A metalimnetic chlorophyll peak (40–70 µg·liter‒1) in Jacks Lake, Ontario, was due primarily to a colonial chrysophyte, Chrysosphaerella longispina. The peak was not the result of in situ growth, nor of a passive and progressive accumulation of epilimnetic cells. Instead, a sudden bloom of the algae which occurred in the epilimnion at the end of June, possibly due to excystment, descended rapidly and within no more than 4 days concentrated in a narrow band below the thermocline. There was no net increase in chlorophyll a or cell biomass with time once the population was established in this region. No dividing cells were observed. After about 2 weeks the Chl a concentration at the peak began to decline and the peak disappeared by the end of August. The importance of metalimnetic peaks is greatly exaggerated by the measurement of Chl a.
The impact of uncertainties in hydrologic measurement on phosphorus budgets and empirical models for two Colorado reservoirs
Authors: LaBaugh J. W. , Winter T. C.
Published: April 2010

Water budgets and related chemical budgets of aquatic ecosystems commonly are interpreted without reference to uncertainties resulting from errors of measurement. The importance of such uncertainties in the use and interpretation of the phosphorus budgets of two Colorado reservoirs was determined. Water budgets were calculated from data from on‐site measurement of precipitation, evaporation, reservoir stage, outflow, and inflow from the major river of each reservoir. Direction of groundwater flow was determined with existing well information and seepage meters. Contributions of ungauged watersheds and groundwater were estimated from the residual of measured water budget terms. Less than 25% of both water and phosphorus input to Gross Reservoir remained as a residual term: the contribution of errors in budget measurement to empirical model uncertainty was <13%. In Williams Fork Reservoir, <20% of the water and >45% of the phosphorus input was calculated as residual: errors in budget measurement contributed almost 50% to empirical model uncertainty. Measured concentrations of total phosphorus in each reservoir in both years were within the confidence limits of empirical model predictions. However, the confidence limits of those models were too large to produce accurate predictions, especially for the Williams Fork Reservoir. Attempts to predict the effect of changes in water or phosphorus budgets on reservoir concentrations of total phosphorus and chlorophyll would be subject to large uncertainties.
Dependence of relationship between inherent and apparent optical properties of water on solar altitude
Authors: Kirk J. T. O.
Published: April 2010

A computer simulation study, using the Monte Carlo calculation procedure, has been carried out to determine in what way the relationships between the apparent and the inherent optical properties of natural waters are affected by the angle of incidence of the photons on the surface. With the particular normalized volume scattering function used in these simulations, the vertical attenuation coefficient for downward irradiance at the midpoint of the euphotic zone, Kd(zm), can be expressed as a function of the absorption (a) and (b) coefficients, and the cosine of the incident photons just below the surface (µo), in accordance with
urn:x-wiley:00243590:media:lno19842920350:lno19842920350-math-0001
Thus, as the direction of the incident light departs increasingly from the vertical, Kd(zm) increases but becomes progressively less responsive to increases in scattering at constant absorption. The irradiance reflectance just below the surface [R(0)] at all angles of incidence increases linearly with the ratio of the backscattering coefficient (bb) to the absorption coefficient, and at any value of bb/ a increases as the angle of the light departs further from the vertical, in approximate conformity with
urn:x-wiley:00243590:media:lno19842920350:lno19842920350-math-0002
A comparison between noncontaminating and conventional incubation procedures in primary production measurements1
Authors: Marra John , Heinemann Kristina
Published: April 2010

No differences have been found in primary production measurements from three different locales between noncontaminating incubation procedures and conventional methodology.