bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assembled Metal Complexes and Their Functions
Authors: Tanase T. , Kajiwara T.
Published: October 2024

In recent interdisciplinary research, there has been an increasing interest in assembled metal complexes, in which metal centres are deliberately integrated using a variety of techniques for different purposes, in particular to solve problems of importance to mankind, such as material and energy transformations. This chapter will formally classify assembled metal complexes in a way that is easy to understand for the beginner, with respect to the following aspects: (1) those in which the accumulation of metal centres is constructed via metal–metal bonds (intermetallic bonds) or via the use of linker ligands (bridging ligands) without metal–metal bonds, (2) those in which the accumulation of metal centres is discrete and molecular or those in which the accumulation of metal centres is crystalline with infinite periodicity, and (3) those with one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) arrangements of metal centres. The particular importance of 3D assembled systems are explained for supramolecular metal complexes and porous coordination polymers or metal–organic frameworks, which are formed by the accumulation of metal centres with suitably designed linker ligands using strategic self-assembly methods, and their applications are also explained with respect to recent topics in relation to giant supramolecular cages and precisely designed robust 3D pore networks.
Metal Complexes Relating to Biological Functions
Authors: Inomata T.
Published: October 2024

In living organisms, various metal ions are involved in maintaining vital activities. In particular, metal-containing proteins can be regarded in a broad sense as metal complexes with peptides as ligands. Therefore, knowledge of metal complex chemistry is essential for understanding the function of metal ions in biological processes, which has been developed as bioinorganic chemistry. A wide variety of metal-containing proteins and associated biological molecules exist in living organisms, expressing diverse functions such as transport, conversion, and synthesis of substances and uptake and storage of metal ions. This chapter first outlines the background of bioinorganic chemistry and surveys the representative metal ions used in vivo, then provides an overview of the well-studied metal-containing proteins and biologically related molecules, in particular for the functions of transport and activation of small molecules, with a brief introduction of their structural and functional model complexes. Finally, topics of metal ions in relation to diseases and drugs, and metal ion uptake, transport, and storage are described.
Solar-driven triple photocatalytic action of defective S-doped g-C3N4 for 1,4 NADH regeneration and simultaneous benzylamine conversion along with CO2 fixation into HCOOH
Authors: Sharma Kanchan , Yadav Rajesh K. , Verma Rajesh K. , Singh Satyam , Mishra Shaifali , Shahin Rehana , Singh Atul P. , Singh Chandani , Gupta Navneet K. , Baeg Jin-OoK , Yun Hwanhui , Kim Hyung Joong
Published: October 2024

Incorporating defects through intrinsic defect engineering has emerged as a versatile strategy for finely tuning the key properties of materials, particularly the redox capacity.
Immunomodulatory effects of supercritical CO2 extracted oils from Portulaca oleracea and Perilla frutescens (PPCE) in healthy individuals: a randomized double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Jung Su-Jin , Baek Hyang-Im , Park Eun-Ock , Ha Ki-Chan , Park Deuk-Seon , Chae Soo-Wan , Lee Seung-Ok
Published: October 2024

This study evaluated the immune-boosting effects of Portulaca oleracea L. and Perilla frutescens var. japonica Hara extract oils (PPCE) in healthy individuals. PPCE improved NK cell activity and cytokine levels (IL-12, IFN-γ) without adverse effects, supporting immune enhancement.
Understanding the relationship between nanosheet thickness and piezoresistivity in graphene strain sensors
Authors: Domenici Sara
Published: October 2024

This article highlights the recent work of Coleman et al. (Nanoscale Horiz., 2024, 9, 1774–1784, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4NH00224E) on investigating nanosheet thickness and its impact on piezoresistivity in graphene strain sensors.
Synthesis of benzylidene amino arylpyridinones and their AIE studies: dual metal sensing of Fe3+ and Hg2+
Authors: Preethi Murugesan , Ajaydev Rameshbabu , Sivakumar Shanmugam
Published: October 2024

Our research journey began with the successful synthesis and reporting of benzylideneamino-arylpyridinone derivatives (4a–e) from corresponding pyranones and their photophysical studies on dual metal sensor.
MOF-derived Co–Mo bimetallic heterostructures for the selective trapping and conversion of polysulfides in lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Zhu Rongmei , Jiang Yuxuan , Sun Bingxin , Zhang Wang , Pang Huan
Published: October 2024

Hollow CoSx/MoO3 derived from ZIF-67 shows preferred selective trapping and conversion of LiPSs as a modified separator material for LSBs.
Intermediate diradical character and thermal cis–trans isomerization of near-infrared absorbing thionated squaraine dyes
Authors: Oka Taishi , Maeda Takeshi , Sakamaki Daisuke , Suzuki Naoya , Yagi Shigeyuki , Kodama Shintaro , Fujiwara Hideki
Published: October 2024

Near-infrared absorbing squaraine dyes incorporating 4-membered thionated oxocarbon and chalcogenopyrylium moieties exhibit intermediate diradical character, which impacts thermal cis–trans isomerization.
Molecular cylinders with donor–acceptor structure and swinging motion
Authors: Li Ke , Yoshida Satoshi , Yakushiji Ryo , Liu Xingchi , Ge Chang , Xu Zhuofan , Ni Yong , Ma Xiaonan , Wu Jishan , Sato Sota , Sun Zhe
Published: October 2024

Two nanometer-sized, nitrogen-containing molecular cylinders were synthesized by connecting the cycloparaphenylene and fused aromatic moieties using cyclocondensation reaction.
Recent advances and opportunities in perovskite-based triple-junction tandem solar cells
Authors: Ahn You Jin , Kim Hae Jin , Park Ik Jae , Kim Jin Young
Published: October 2024

We discuss recent advances and outlook for highly efficient perovskite-based triple-junction tandem solar cells.
Towards a universal model for the foaming behavior of surfactants: a case study on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
Authors: Zhou Muchu , Foudazi Reza
Published: October 2024

Foam fractionation offers a promising solution for the separation of surface-active contaminants from water.
Wide voltage gain isolated LCC resonant converters for LED driver applications
Authors: Askari Shirin , Molavi Navid , Farzanehfard Hosein
Published: October 2024

This article proposes an isolated high‐efficiency resonant LED driver with wide‐input voltage range. The proposed converter is developed by integrating LCC resonant converter and buck‐boost converter. In this topology, the LCC network provides many features including the integration of buck‐boost filter inductor and the transformer magnetizing inductance. In addition, the LCC network provides zero voltage switching (ZVS) operation of the main switches and zero current switching (ZCS) operation of the rectifier diodes over a wide variation of duty cycle operation. Also, load‐independent output current characteristic with improved efficiency is obtained at the resonant frequency operation which is well‐suited for LED applications. Other topology variations of the proposed converter generating step‐up and step‐down voltage gains are introduced for applications with different input voltage ranges. To validate the theoretical analysis and LED driver operation, a 50 W laboratory prototype of the proposed LED driver is implemented for the wide input voltage of 18–40 V to deliver 500 mA output current to a string of 1–30 LEDs, which corresponds to an output voltage range of 3.3–100 V.
Dynamic modelling and equilibrium manifold of multi‐converter systems: A study on grid‐forming and grid‐following converters in renewable energy power plants
Authors: Zhang Ziqian , Schuerhuber Robert , Fickert Lothar , Chen Guochu
Published: October 2024

This study explores the optimal balance between grid‐forming (GFM) and grid‐following (GFL) converter capacities within power stations to ensure stable operations. The investigation introduces a novel, generic modelling approach for analysing multiple converter systems in the wind and photovoltaic power plants. The method aims to elucidate the dynamic characteristics of the converters in power plants, particularly focusing on the continuity and existence of the equilibrium manifolds and their impact on system stability. Findings reveal a pronounced difference in the recovery capabilities of GFM and GFL following synchronization losses, highlighting an asymmetry in their abilities. Specifically, GFL converters exhibit more effectiveness in reinstating synchrony after synchronization losses caused by GFM. Conversely, GFM demonstrates a lesser capacity to recover from synchronization losses induced by GFL. Furthermore, analysis indicates that when the capacity ratio of GFL to the system's short‐circuit capacity significantly exceeds that of GFM (exceeding a 1:5 ratio), the system experiences an absence of a stable equilibrium point, thereby affecting the synchronization stability of GFM. These conclusions have been validated through joint controller hardware‐in‐the‐loop testing.
A cooperative approach for generation and lines expansion planning in microgrid‐based active distribution networks
Authors: Nemati Bizhan , Hosseini Seyed Mohammad Hassan , Siahkali Hassan
Published: October 2024

With the growth of the load in the electricity networks, sufficient investment in the generation and lines expansion should be made in order to provide the energy needed by consumers with the lowest possible investment and operation costs. This issue is especially important in distribution networks, which are faced with the uncertainties of renewable energy generation and the development of microgrids and related issues.

In this article, the planning of generation and lines expansion has been modeled with the aim of minimizing the total costs of microgrids, based on the cooperative approach. For this purpose, a bi‐level model has been developed; on the upper level, microgrids make investment decisions with a cooperative approach, and a constrained stochastic formulation has been developed with considering operational uncertainties on the lower level. Also, in this article, in order to ensure the supply of critical loads in island conditions, the self‐sufficiency index is defined. Three case studies have been considered to ensure the effectiveness of the developed model. In case 1, each microgrid will be able to supply its load only by generating of its units and purchasing from the retail market. In case 2, the possibility of trading with other microgrids in a non‐cooperative approach will also be available to the microgrids operators, and in case 3, microgrids can exchange energy with other microgrids in a cooperative manner. The simulation results showed that due to the possibility of using nearby microgrid resources, the cost of microgrid load supply in case 2 was reduced by 4.84% compared to case 1. Also, this cost in case 3 was reduced by 5.23% and 0.38%, respectively, compared to cases 1 and 2, due to the use of a cooperative manner in microgrid load providing.
Unlocking Traffic Control: Exploring Intersection Dynamics with Visible Light Communication
Authors: Vieira Manuel Augusto , Vieira Manuela , Galvão Gonçalo , Louro Paula , Véstias Mário
Published: October 2024

This paper introduces the use of Visible Light Communication (VLC) to enhance traffic signal efficiency and vehicle trajectory management at urban intersections. By integrating VLC localization with learning-based traffic signal control, a multi-intersection traffic system is proposed. VLC enables communication between connected vehicles and infrastructure through mobile optical receivers. The primary objectives are to reduce waiting times and improve overall traffic safety by accommodating diverse traffic movements during multiple signal phases. Cooperative mechanisms and queue/response interactions balance traffic flow between intersections, enhancing road network performance. A reinforcement learning scheme optimally schedules traffic signals, with agents at each intersection using VLC-enabled vehicle communication to improve traffic flow and overall system optimization. Evaluated using the SUMO urban mobility simulator, the system demonstrates reduced waiting and travel times. The decentralized and scalable nature of this approach highlights its potential applicability in real-world traffic scenarios.
Les leçons de Ziphia : un cas d’étude pour mieux protéger les mammifères marins du bruit anthropique dans la zone économique exclusive française
Authors: Le Cam Chloé , Baudin Éric , Bourillet Jean-François , Dutreuil Sébastien , Evans Anna , Floc’h Nicolas , Guillory Marie-Cécile , Michelot Agnès , Réveillas Justine , Rousseau Gaëlle , Spitz Jérôme , Frey François
Published: October 2024

Le 2 février 2021, une baleine à bec de Cuvier (Ziphius cavirostris) s’échoue sur l’île de Ré (Atlantique nord-est, France). Les analyses préliminaires révèlent que la mort de l’animal est vraisemblablement liée à des bruits anthropiques. Le lieu probable de la mort de l’animal se situe à proximité directe d’une zone où un navire militaire effectuait des essais au sein d’une aire marine protégée. Point de départ d’une enquête visant à en retracer l’origine, cet événement cristallise la complexité des relations entre vie océanique et activités anthropiques. Il sert de point d’appui à une réflexion collaborative plus large à la confluence de plusieurs disciplines, en vue de faire évoluer la production des savoirs océaniques, les normes juridiques qui encadrent les usages et la protection du milieu marin, et notre rapport anthropologique à l’océan.
How does the male gaze construct our understanding of sexual power — using the example of Chinese film female characters
Authors: Zhang Haoyang
Published: October 2024

China's increasing development and the people's giowing reliance on online social networking have led to social phenomena on social media becoming more prominent and. to some extent, deepening. Nowhere is this more evident than in the phenomenon of misogyny and men-pleasing, a gender debate that has been ongoing unresolved for over a century. The subject of this research paper is an in-depth analysis of the male gaze and a critique of the solutions that have been proposed. The research perspective of this paper will be based on the dissection of the male gaze by Foucault and Laura Mulvey, as well as postmodem feminist perspectives, to present and judge the gender issues that exist and are potential. From a theoretical perspective, the male gaze inherently influences plot and characterization in film, and the latter functionally deepens the impression on the masses on a societal scale. On the other hand, from an ideological standpoint, it can be argued that cunent attempts to counteract and diminish the male gaze are overly one-sided and may actually deepen society's ambivalence towards this social issue.
Functional Knee Stability in Elite Field Hockey Depends on Playing
Class and Gender
Authors: Hiepen Lucie , Bosserhoff Niklas , Schaudig Florian , Heitzer Falko , Jäger Marcus , Mayer Constantin
Published: October 2024

Field hockey, a physically demanding Olympic sport, carries a high risk of lower
limb injuries, yet data on injury risk in elite field hockey are limited.
Functional knee stability is important for injury prevention and a safe return
to sport. This study is the first to investigate functional knee stability in
elite field hockey, considering gender and playing class, and establishes
reference data for functional knee stability by using a standardized test
battery that assesses one- and two-legged stability, jumping tests, speed, and
agility. Seventy-two elite field hockey players, 30 males and 42 females (age
19.82±3.74 years) were divided into High Playing Class (HPC) and Moderate
Playing Class (MPC). HPC players showed significantly better performance in all
functional tests except balance tests (p<0.01–0.024). Females showed
significantly better one- and two-leg stability (p<0.01) with lower
injury rates, indicating the relevance of gender considerations. The study
emphasizes the importance of balance and stability in the prevention of lower
limb injuries in Olympic field hockey and also highlights the importance of
considering pre-existing deficits in functional knee capability when assessing
athletes for return to sport. These results can help improve athletic
performance, identify individual strengths and weaknesses, prevent injury or
re-injury, and facilitate return to sport after injury.
Vitamin D – das Leistungshormon im Spitzensport
Authors: Gröber Uwe , Holick Michael F.
Published: October 2024

Vitamin D übt seine physiologischen Funktionen über die Aktivierung des
Transkriptionsfaktors Vitamin-D-Rezeptor (VDR) aus, der u. a. in Muskel- und
Knochenzellen und in Zellen des Immunsystems exprimiert wird. Im Spitzensport
ist ein 25(OH)D-Spiegel von mind. 50 ng/ml anzustreben, um die positiven
Wirkungen auf Muskelkraft und Ausdauer zu nutzen, Sportverletzungen sowie
Infektionen vorzubeugen und die Regenerationsfähigkeit zu verbessern. Es
bestehen Wechselwirkungen zwischen Vitamin D und Eisen, das neben dem
Sauerstofftransport an zahlreichen Stoffwechselprozessen im Energiestoffwechsel
beteiligt ist. Ein diätetischer Mangel an Kalzium, Magnesium und Vitamin D ist
zu vermeiden, da proinflammatorische Prozesse resultieren können.
Successful Surgical Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination Related Upper Extremity Lymphedema : Case Report
Authors: Jeong HyungWha , Kim Dong jin , Suh Hyunsuk Peter , Pak Changsik John , Hong Joon Pio
Published: October 2024

Lymphedema is rare adverse effect of COVID-19 vaccination which was reported at several literatures. We present a case of surgically treated secondary lymphedema after the COVID-19 vaccination. The patient presented lymphedema at the upper extremity with no specific history except the COVID-19 vaccination 18 months before the visit. LVA and liposuction for the posterolateral aspect of forearm and upper arm was performed. The volume of the affected arm was reduced to more than 54 percent at the postoperative 8 months. With precise surgical planning, secondary lymphedema occurred after the COVID-19 vaccination could be successfully treated surgically.
Auswirkungen kritischer Ereignisse bei Auslandseinsätzen auf die
psychische Gesundheit von Militärpersonal
Authors: Konhäuser Lucas , Renner Karl-Heinz , Himmerich Hubertus , Willmund Gerd , Zimmermann Peter Lutz , Krüger Jan Philipp , Wesemann Ulrich
Published: October 2024

Einleitung Auslandsverwendungen stellen bei Militärpersonal ein
Berufsrisiko für psychische Störungen und Einschränkungen der Lebensqualität
dar. Diese Studie geht der Frage nach, ob sich für die Inzidenz psychischer
Symptome nach Auslandseinsätzen ein relevanter Prädiktor finden lässt. Es wird
postuliert, dass Soldat*innen mit einem militärspezifisch kritischen Ereignis
mehr Symptomatik entwickeln und ihre Lebensqualität sinkt.

Methoden In diese Studie wurden N=370 Kampftruppensoldat*innen
eingeschlossen, die im Rahmen des International Security Assistance
Force-Einsatzes (ISAF) in Afghanistan eingesetzt waren. Mit Hilfe von Fragebögen
wurden Daten zur psychischen Symptomatik und der Lebensqualität vor und nach dem
Einsatz erhoben. Als Diskriminator diente, ob ein kritisches militärspezifisches
Ereignis, definiert als Typ-A Kriterium der PTBS nach ICD-10 (F43.1), im Rahmen
des Einsatzes erlebt wurde.

Ergebnisse Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass Einsatzkräfte mit kritischem
Ereignis (n=81; 21.9%) signifikant mehr depressive, somatische und
Stresssymptome entwickeln. Bei der Auswertung der Fragebögen zur Quality of Life
fanden sich, abgesehen von umweltbezogener Lebensqualität in allen
Lebensbereichen signifikante Verschlechterungen. In der Studiengruppe ohne
kritisches Ereignis fanden sich signifikante Verbesserungen des Stresserlebens
und der umweltbezogenen Lebensqualität nach dem Einsatz. Unter Einbezug der
Gesamtgruppe zeigte sich ein Zeit x Gruppen-Interaktionseffekt mit einer
Verschlechterung der Soldat*innen mit kritischen Ereignissen in allen oben
genannten Bereichen, abgesehen von der umweltbezogenen Lebensqualität.

Schlussfolgerung Zusammenfassend lässt sich postulieren, dass kritische
Ereignisse im Rahmen eines Auslandseinsatzes einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die
psychische Gesundheit und die Lebensqualität der Soldat*innen haben. Dies kann
für spezifischere Maßnahmen der Einsatzvor- und Nachbereitung sowie für
De-Stigmatisierungsprogramme genutzt werden.
Medical Professionals and Pharmacological Intervention for the Treatment of Insomnia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Liaskopoulos Antonios , Kakouris Vasileios , Liaskopoulos Nikolaos , Lappas Andreas S. , Christodoulou Nikolaos , Samara Myrto
Published: October 2024

Objective To explore the preferences of medical practitioners concerning various medications and other remedies to manage insomnia, and to ascertain whether these preferences are associated with their respective medical specialties.

Materials and Methods Employing the snowball sampling technique, we administered two versions of a questionnaire to an international group of medical professionals, including trainees and specialists from diverse medical backgrounds.

Results Zopiclone, zolpidem, and mirtazapine were evaluated as the most effective treatments for insomnia, while physicians would typically avoid using other tricyclic antidepressants, dual orexin receptor antagonists, and tryptophan for insomnia treatment. Noteworthy statistical correlations between physicians' specialty and preferred drug therapy, were observed in three out of five cases: 1) first-line drug treatment for short-term intervention against insomnia; (2) second-line treatment for long-term intervention; and 3) cases involving the elderly.

Discussion Psychiatrists demonstrated a greater preference for antipsychotics and antidepressants for the treatment of insomnia compared with other physicians. Conversely, other medical professionals exhibited a preference for benzodiazepines and Z-drugs (zopiclone and zolpidem). Although Z-drugs were evaluated as the most effective in the treatment of insomnia, in the clinical practice, physicians administer or would administer antidepressant or antipsychotic drugs more often (mirtazapine and quetiapine respectively). Regarding Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonists (DORAs), the high prevalence of “Do not know/No opinion” answers implies that our sample was not familiar with this innovative treatment.
Viewing the cat as a point particle
Authors: Lange Katherine De
Published: October 2024

A model of cat-human interactions provides a useful and enjoyable example for teaching classical mechanics.
Fourier-transform spectroscopy based on the rotational Doppler effect
Authors: Larnimaa S. , Vainio M.
Published: October 2024

We propose a new Fourier-transform spectroscopy technique based on the rotational Doppler effect. The technique offers an application for optical vortex frequency combs, where each frequency component carries a unique amount of orbital angular momentum (OAM). Here, we emulate a vortex comb using a tunable single frequency laser and a collection of spiral phase plates, generating up to 11 distinct OAM modes. Unlike in traditional Fourier-transform spectroscopy based on the Michelson interferometer (linear Doppler effect), the spectral resolution of vortex-comb spectroscopy is not limited by the mechanical scan distance of the instrument, but the instrument can be operated continuously without interruptions, leading to fast mode-resolved measurements.
Four-bit input linear optical quantum computing with liquid crystal devices
Authors: Yokotsuka Satoshi , Okada Hiroyuki
Published: October 2024

Four-bit input linear quantum computing with liquid crystal (LC) devices was studied using the Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm. A laser beam is split into four paths and passed through a configuration of twisted nematic (TN) LC device/(λ/2 waveplate)/TN LC device for computation. In order to minimize the effect of photon loss in the light path, a 4 × 4 matrix analysis was done for optimization. We fabricated a prototype for four optical-path linear quantum computing. As a result, we obtained changes in the number of photons counting according to Deutsch–Jozsa’s algorithm under the extremely weak light state.
Investigation of dual-mode cloaked cylindrical slot antennas with a pulsed radar signal processing
Authors: Lee Doojin , Yakovlev Alexander
Published: October 2024

In this paper, the cloaked slot antennas (CSAs) in a circular conducting cylinder have been proposed, numerically studied, and fundamentally characterized with respect to the pulsed radar aspects. The two cylindrically slotted antennas have been introduced, namely the axially slotted cloaked antenna and the circumferentially slotted cloaked antenna (CSCA). These two cloaked slot antennas have been parametrically studied to explore the antenna’s resonant characteristics together with their cloaking performance. The resonant frequency of the antennas is controlled by the parameters of the aperture of the slot such as width and length, while independently cloaking the CSAs at the cloaking frequency controlled by the parameters of the coated metasurface. The characteristics of the dual-mode operation at resonant and cloaking frequencies have been intensively studied by pulsed radar signal processing. The modulated Gaussian pulse with the modulation frequency being either resonant or cloaking frequency is used as an excitation source. Several scenarios have been proposed and studied to characterize the cloaking performance and communication capacity of the cloaked slot antennas. The radiating pulse from the CSAs has been numerically characterized by a pulse radar signal processing with an interval of 22.5° in terms of the theta and phi polarizations. These two CSAs have directive and omnidirectional characteristics in the theta- and phi-polarization, respectively.
Enhance the viscosity of polydimethylsiloxane by controlling the volume ratio of monomer and chain terminator
Authors: Auliya D. G. , Setiadji S. , Fitrilawati  , Kartasasmita A. S. , Risdiana
Published: October 2024

The production of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a vitreous substitute in Indonesia has been carried out. In our previous study, a good quality of low viscosity PDMS was well provided using a low-grade octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) monomer. We also reported that a new type of PDMS with medium viscosity had been produced. In vitreoretinal surgery, medium-viscosity PDMS has advantages over the other types of PDMS due to its injectability and lower propensity to emulsify. However, to produce a high-quality medium viscosity PDMS and fulfill stringent requirements, the conditions affecting the synthesis results need to be explored. Here, we reported the effect of changing one of the PDMS synthesis parameters, namely, the volume ratio composition of low-grade D4 monomer and chain terminator of hexamethyldisiloxane (MM) in producing medium viscosity PDMS. PDMS with low viscosity was successfully synthesized with a ratio of D4:MM = 26:10. However, only by changing the ratio of D4:MM from 26:10 to 46:10, the resulting PDMS increased in viscosity from low- to medium-viscosity PDMS of 1.81 Pa s. Quality improvement was also indicated by high surface tension and higher yield values. The medium viscosity PDMS had a refractive index and functional group values similar to the PDMS produced in previous studies.
Experimental Road to a Charming Family of Tetraquarks … and Beyond
Authors: Zhu 朱 Feng 峰 , Bauer Gerry , Yi 易 Kai 凯
Published: October 2024

Discovery of the X(3872) meson in 2003 ignited intense interest in exotic (neither

q

q
¯

nor qqq) hadrons, but a

c

c
¯

interpretation of this state was difficult to exclude. An unequivocal exotic was discovered in the Zc
(3900)+ meson—a charged charmonium-like state. A variety of models of exotic structure have been advanced but consensus is elusive. The grand lesson from heavy quarkonia was that heavy quarks bring clarity. Thus, the recently reported triplet of all-charm tetraquark candidates—X(6600), X(6900), and X(7100)—decaying to J/ψ J/ψ is a great boon, promising important insights. We review some history of exotics, chronicle the road to prospective all-charm tetraquarks, discuss in some detail the divergent modeling of J/ψ J/ψ structures, and offer some inferences about them. These states form a Regge trajectory and appear to be a family of radial excitations. A reported, but unexplained, threshold excess could hint at a fourth family member. We close with a brief look at a step beyond: all-bottom tetraquarks.
Rare-Earth Chalcogenides: An Inspiring Playground for Exploring Frustrated Magnetism
Authors: Xie 谢 Mingtai 铭泰 , Zhuo 卓 Weizhen 威震 , Cai 蔡 Yanzhen 焱桢 , Zhang 张 Zheng 政 , Zhang 张 Qingming 清明
Published: October 2024

The rare-earth chalcogenide ARECh
2 family (A = alkali metal or monovalent ions, RE = rare earth, Ch = chalcogen) has emerged as a paradigmatic platform for studying frustrated magnetism on a triangular lattice. The family members exhibit a variety of ground states, from quantum spin liquid to exotic ordered phases, providing fascinating insight into quantum magnetism. Their simple crystal structure and chemical tunability enable systematic exploration of competing interactions in quantum magnets. Recent neutron scattering and thermodynamic studies have revealed rich phase diagrams and unusual excitations, refining theoretical models of frustrated systems. This review provides a succinct introduction to ARECh
2 research. It summarizes key findings on crystal structures, single-ion physics, magnetic Hamiltonians, ground states, and low-energy excitations. By highlighting current developments and open questions, we aim to catalyze further exploration and deeper physical understanding on this frontier of quantum magnetism.
Modulation of spin–orbit coupled Bose–Einstein condensates: analytical characterization of acceleration-induced transitions between energy bands
Authors: Gomez Llorente J M , Plata J
Published: October 2024

The effects of modulating spin-orbit coupled Bose–Einstein condensates are analytically studied. A sinusoidal driving of the coupling amplitude is shown to induce significant changes in the energy bands and in the associated spin-momentum locking. Moreover, in agreement with recent experimental results, gravitational acceleration of the modulated system is found to generate transitions between the modified energy bands. The applicability of the Landau–Zener (LZ) model to the understanding of the experimental findings is rigorously traced. Through a sequence of unitary transformations and the reduction to the spin space, the modulated Hamiltonian, with the gravitational potential incorporated, is shown to correspond to an extended version of the LZ scenario. The generalization of the basic LZ model takes place along two lines. First, the dimensionality is enlarged to combine the description of the external dynamics with the internal-state characterization. Second, the model is extended to incorporate two avoided crossings emerging from the changes induced in the energy bands by the modulation. Our approach allows a first-principle derivation of the effective model-system parameters. The obtained analytical results provide elements to control the transitions.
Dy3+ ions in fluorophosphate glasses for luminescent white light applications
Authors: Rao K Venkata , Vidya Sagar S , Srihari N V , Dhoble Sanjay J
Published: October 2024

In this study, a series of fluorophosphate (FP) glasses, activated with Dy3+ ions and displaying concentration dependence, have been prepared and analysed for their suitability in luminescent white light applications. The melt quenching method was utilized to fabricate a set of FP glasses, doped with Dy3+ ions and possessing the composition of (60 − x) P2O5 + 10MgO + 10ZnO + 10BiF3 + 10KF + xDy2O3, where x ranges from 0.1 to 2.0 mol%. The structural properties of the samples were analysed using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy while the optical properties of the samples were studied using absorption and emission spectra. The amorphous nature of the FP glasses was confirmed through SEM analysis and XRD profiles. Moreover, the presence of elements in their composition was verified using EDX. The FTIR spectra of the FP glasses exhibited vibration bands consistent with the characteristic phosphate groups, which was further supported by Raman analysis. The absorption spectra were used to calculate oscillator strengths (f
exp & f
cal) and Judd–Ofelt (JO) parameters Ω
λ
(λ = 2, 4, 6). The values of Ω
λ
(λ = 2, 4, 6) followed this order: Ω6 > Ω2 > Ω4. The emission spectra displayed three prominent transitions in the UV–visible region: (4F9/2 → 6H15/2) blue, (4F9/2 → 6H13/2) yellow, and (4F9/2 → 6H11/2) red. The peak at 553 nm (4F9/2 → 6H13/2) was the most intense and dominant. Radiative characteristics were evaluated from the emission spectra through the employment of JO intensity parameters and refractive indices. The Y/B intensity ratio values were greater than 1, indicating the high covalency of Dy3+ ions. The colour coordinates (x, y) and correlated colour temperature values of CIE 1931 were situated in the cool white region. The comprehensive analysis suggests that these glasses have the potential to become highly favourable candidates as luminescent components for solid-state white light emitting instruments.
Circularly polarized radiation to control the superconducting states: stability analysis
Authors: Croitoru M D , Buzdin A I
Published: October 2024

Recently, the use of circularly polarized radiation for on-demand switching between distinct quantum states in a superconducting nanoring exposed to half-quantum magnetic flux has been proposed. However, the effectiveness of this method depends on the system’s stability against local variations in the superconducting characteristics of the ring and flux fluctuations. In this study, we utilize numerical simulations based on the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau equation to evaluate the influence of these inevitable factors on the switching behavior. The results obtained demonstrate that the switching phenomena remain remarkably robust, providing confidence in their experimental observation.
Vanadium incorporation in 2D-layered MoSe2
Authors: Del Piero João V B , Miwa Roberto H , Scopel Wanderlã L
Published: October 2024

Recent advances in experimental techniques have made it possible to manipulate the structural and electronic properties of two-dimensional layered materials (2DM) through interaction with foreign atoms. Using quantum mechanics calculations based on the density functional theory, we explored the dependency of the structural, energetic, electronic, and magnetic properties of the interaction between Vanadium (V) atoms and monolayer and bilayer MoSe2. Spin-polarized metallic behavior was observed for high V concentration, and a semiconductor/metal interface emerged due to V adsorption on top of BL MoSe2. Our research demonstrated that the functionalization of 2D materials makes an important contribution to the design of spintronic devices based on a 2D-layered materials platform.
Dynamic liquid level prediction for multiple oil wells based on transfer learning and multidimensional feature fusion network
Authors: Chunyang Leng , Mingxing Jia , Dapeng Niu
Published: October 2024

Accurate prediction of the dynamic liquid level (DLL) in oil wells is crucial for the intelligent optimization of pumping systems. It provides real-time insights into the operational conditions of the pumping system but also supports the optimization of operational parameters with data. However, due to the long-term operation of oil wells and their complex internal environments, direct measurement of the DLL is challenging, leading to low reliability of the obtained data. Therefore, this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the parameters involved in the pumping process, identifies the model’s input features, and develops a DLL prediction model for multiple wells based on multidimensional feature fusion (MFF). This model captures the characteristics of DLL changes and the diversity of input features. To address the issues of slow model training and low prediction accuracy caused by insufficient datasets in practical applications, this paper integrates transfer learning (TL) techniques. It proposes a new model, the DLL model for multiple wells based on TL and multidimensional feature fusion (TMFF). Initially, the Euclidean distance and maximum mean discrepancy methods are employed to verify the feature similarity between the source and target domains, using highly similar DLL data as experimental data. By combining TL techniques with the MFF model, the TMFF model is established. The model’s capabilities are validated using field-collected data with broad representativeness. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed MFF model possesses high accuracy and generalization capability. Additionally, the TMFF model effectively resolves the issue of insufficient data during model training. In summary, the methods proposed in this paper can provide accurate DLL data for practical applications in intelligent oilfields.
In-situ observations of the three-dimensional energy cascade rate and Yaglom flux in the Earth’s magnetosheath
Authors: Pecora Francesco
Published: October 2024

Measuring the energy cascade rate in space plasmas is a challenging task for several reasons. This quantity is (i) inherently three-dimensional (ii) scale-dependent, (iii) anisotropic in the interplanetary plasma, and (iv) requires measurements of plasma parameters in at least four points. Here, it is shown how three of these problems have been addressed by applying the novel lag polyhedra derivative ensemble (LPDE) technique to the magnetospheric multiscale (MMS) mission in the Earth’s magnetosheath. In particular, this technique solves the full vectorial Yaglom equation, handling problem (i), does not require the assumption of isotropy, solving problem (iii), while the application to MMS addresses constraint (iv).
Improved adaptive robust control of direct-drive pump-valve cooperative brake-by-wire unit with disturbance compensation
Authors: Tan Cao , Yu Peng , Jiang Yixuan , Li Xiaozheng , Wang Geng
Published: October 2024

Aiming at the needs of high-level autonomous driving, a direct-drive pump-valve coordinated brake-by-wire unit was designed. To improve the response speed, control accuracy, and robustness of the brake-by-wire unit, an improved adaptive integral robust control method (AIRC-AD) based on a novel adaptive law and disturbance compensation was proposed. By integrating pressure tracking error information and overall parameter estimation error information, a novel parameter adaptive law with fast convergence speed was designed. A finite-time disturbance observer was designed to observe the overall system disturbance, improving the system’s anti-disturbance performance. Finally, the stability of the control method was proven using the Lyapunov stability proof method. The results show that under step target signals, sinusoidal target signals and triangular wave target signals, AIRC-AD has better response speed and control accuracy. In conditions such as increased permanent magnet temperature, increased coil resistance, or reduced flow area due to hydraulic pipeline blockage, AIRC-AD has better adaptability. The unit and the method can meet the demand for precise braking force control in high-level autonomous driving.
The implementation of algebraic complex lookup tables over non-chain Galois ring extensions and Henon map in multimedia security
Authors: Safdar Muhammad Umair , Shah Tariq , Ali Asif
Published: October 2024

Image encryption is crucial for web-based data storage and transmission. Complex algebraic structures play a vital role in providing unique features and binary operations. However, current algebraic-based techniques face challenges due to limited key space. To tackle this issue, our study uniquely connects the algebraic structures with a chaotic map. The study introduces a complex non-chain Galois ring structure and a 12-bit substitution box for image substitution. An affine map is utilized to permute image pixels, and the 12-bit substitution box is uniquely mapped to a Galois field for encryption. A two-dimensional Henon map is employed to generate different keys for the XOR operation, resulting in an encrypted image. The resilience of the scheme against various attacks is evaluated using statistical, differential, and quality measures, showcasing its effectiveness against well-known attacks.
Aspects of Everpresent Λ. Part II. Cosmological tests of current models
Authors: Das Santanu , Nasiri Arad , Yazdi Yasaman K.
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates Everpresent Λ, a stochastic dark energy model motivated by
causal set theory and unimodular gravity, and confronts it with two key observational data sets,
Supernova Ia (SN Ia) and Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) data. A key feature of this model is
that Λ fluctuates over time and on average the magnitude of its fluctuations is of the
order of the dominant energy density (be it radiation or matter) for the given epoch. In
particular, we focus on a phenomenological implementation of Everpresent Λ known as Model
1. The random fluctuations in Everpresent Λ realizations are generated using seed numbers,
and we find that for a small fraction of seeds Model 1 is capable of producing realizations that
fit SN Ia data better than ΛCDM. We further investigate what features distinguish these
realizations from the more general behaviour, and find that the “good” realizations have
relatively small fluctuations at low redshifts (z < 1.5), which do not closely track the matter
density. We find that Model 1 struggles to improve on ΛCDM at describing the CMB data.
However, by suppressing the values of Λ near the last scattering surface, as suggested in [1], we find a large improvement in the best fit of the model, though still with a
χ
2 value much larger than that of ΛCDM. We also study the allowed variation of the
dark energy density by the CMB constraints in a more model-independent manner, and find that some
variation (especially prior to recombination) is possible and in fact can lead to improvement over
ΛCDM and reduce the Hubble tension, in line with some early dark energy proposals.
However, for the kinds of variations considered, the favoured fluctuations are smaller in
magnitude than is typical in current Everpresent Λ models.
Schwinger dark matter production
Authors: Bastero-Gil Mar , Ferraz Paulo B. , Ubaldi Lorenzo , Vega-Morales Roberto
Published: October 2024

Building on recently constructed inflationary vector dark matter production mechanisms as
well as studies of magnetogenesis, we show that an inflationary dark Schwinger mechanism
can generate the observed dark matter relic abundance for `dark electron' masses as light as ∼
0.1 eV and as heavy as 1012 GeV. The dark matter can interact very weakly via the exchange
of light dark photons with a power spectrum which is peaked at very small scales, thus evading
isocurvature constraints. This mechanism is viable even when (purely) gravitational particle
production is negligible. Thus dark matter can be produced solely via the Schwinger effect during
inflation including for light masses.
M2CS: A microwave measurement and control system for large-scale superconducting quantum processors
Authors: Zhang 张 Jiawei 家蔚 , Sun 孙 Xuandong 炫东 , Guo 郭 Zechen 泽臣 , Yuan 袁 Yuefeng 跃峰 , Zhang 张 Yubin 玉斌 , Chu 储 Ji 继 , Huang 黄 Wenhui 文辉 , Liang 梁 Yongqi 咏棋 , Qiu 邱 Jiawei 嘉威 , Sun 孙 Daxiong 大雄 , Tao 陶 Ziyu 子予 , Zhang 张 Jiajian 家健 , Guo 郭 Weijie 伟杰 , Jiang 蒋 Ji 骥 , Linpeng 林 Xiayu 彭夏雨 , Liu 刘 Yang 阳 , Ren 任 Wenhui 文慧 , Niu 牛 Jingjing 晶晶 , Zhong 钟 Youpeng 有鹏 , Yu 俞 Dapeng 大鹏
Published: October 2024

As superconducting quantum computing continues to advance at an unprecedented pace, there is a compelling demand for the innovation of specialized electronic instruments that act as crucial conduits between quantum processors and host computers. Here, we introduce a microwave measurement and control system (M2CS) dedicated to large-scale superconducting quantum processors. M2CS features a compact modular design that balances overall performance, scalability and flexibility. Electronic tests of M2CS show key metrics comparable to commercial instruments. Benchmark tests on transmon superconducting qubits further show qubit coherence and gate fidelities comparable to state-of-the-art results, confirming M2CS’s capability to meet the stringent requirements of quantum experiments running on intermediate-scale quantum processors. The compact and scalable nature of our design holds the potential to support over 1000 qubits after upgrade in stability and integration. The M2CS architecture may also be adopted to a wider range of scenarios, including other quantum computing platforms such as trapped ions and silicon quantum dots, as well as more traditional applications like microwave kinetic inductance detectors and phased array radar systems.
Enhanced sensing of anharmonicities in a gain-based anti-PT symmetric system
Authors: Zeng 曾 Ya-Wei 亚伟 , Yang 杨 Tian-Le 天乐 , Lin 林 Qi-Yin 琪茵 , Su 苏 Wan-Jun 万钧
Published: October 2024

We study the enhanced sensing of weak anharmonicities in a gain-based cavity–magnon–waveguide coupled system. By dissipatively coupling the two subsystems through a mediating waveguide, the Hamiltonian of the system is tailored to be anti-parity-time symmetric. Unique to the gain condition, the eigenvalues exhibit two singularities with linewidth suppression, distinguishing them from those of gain-free systems. Under the gain condition, a counter-intuitive bistable signature emerges even at low drive powers. As the effective gain approaches a certain value, this bistability yields a significantly enhanced spin-current response of the magnon mode. Consequently, the sensitivity, quantified by an enhancement factor, is enhanced remarkably compared to the linewidth suppression scenario. Moreover, the high enhancement factor can be sustained over a broad gain-bandwidth and also stays large even when the coherent coupling becomes considerably strong. Based on the integrated cavity–magnon–waveguide systems, this scheme can be used for sensing different physical quantities related to the Kerr-type nonlinearity and has potential applications in high-precision measuring microwave-signal nonlinearities.
Dispersion of anhydrous ammonia inside a confined space onboard a hypothetical ammonia-powered vessel
Authors: Basuni Hamzah Anthony , Kay Leng Ng Clara , Liu Ming
Published: October 2024

In order to ensure the responsible use of anhydrous ammonia as clean marine fuel, safety aspects in respect of its post-release consequence cannot be understated. This contribution is aimed to address the gaps of understanding associated to events of ammonia loss of containment (LoC) in enclosed spaces onboard ammonia-fuelled vessels. A forced ventilated fuel preparation room (FPR) onboard a container vessel is chosen as a study case with minor and major release scenarios, which is based on the orifice size. The dispersion analysis was performed using three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics. The analysis revealed that toxicity associated to the rapid and persistent ammonia vapor cloud buildup is by far the most significant hazard in the space. In the major release scenario, gradual evaporation of rainout pool increases the vapor cloud persistence even far beyond the leak isolation time. The results and finding above underlines the importance of concerted effort in mitigating not only the ammonia vapor cloud, but also the accumulated ammonia liquid pool.