bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Concept of "Green Economy" in Strategic Planning Documents
Authors: Ignat'eva Inna Anatol'evna
Published: January 2023

The article analyzes and systematizes the cases of using the concept of "green economy" in strategic planning documents at the federal and regional levels. The basis for understanding the "green" economy in Russian regulatory legal acts, which include strategic planning documents, are international-level agreements. Thematic reports of official international organizations are also of some importance. The main characteristics of the "green" economy made at the international level are emphasized: environmental taxation, energy efficiency improvement, reduction of consumption of natural resources, reduction of waste, use of renewable energy sources, development of a low-carbon economy, etc. The general context of understanding the "green" economy at the international level is also important. It is connected both with the concept of sustainable development and with the realization of the task of poverty eradication. In other words, the "green" economy should have a wide range of applications and involves a number of its manifestations. According to the Final Document of the 2012 UN Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20), the participating countries of the Conference only identified some contexts for understanding the "green" economy, and also formulated the main results to be obtained when implementing the tools of the "green" economy. It is established that the mention of the "green" economy in strategic planning documents occurs in two main aspects: firstly, as a modern attribute of regulation of environmental and natural resource activities, and exclusively in a positive sense; secondly, as a challenge and even a threat to the implementation of certain types of activities. When stating such opposite assessments of the importance of the development of the "green" economy for the Russian Federation, it is necessary to endow the concept of "green economy" with legally significant characteristics, signs and criteria. The general framework of such a definition is laid down at the level of international legal regulation, while specific directions should depend on the needs and conditions of the economy, social sphere and the state of the environment in the Russian Federation.
Principles of RNA recruitment to viral ribonucleoprotein condensates in a segmented dsRNA virus
Authors: Strauss Sebastian , Acker Julia , Papa Guido , Desirò Daniel , Schueder Florian , Borodavka Alexander , Jungmann Ralf
Published: January 2023

Rotaviruses transcribe 11 distinct RNAs that must be co-packaged prior to their replication to make an infectious virion. During infection, nontranslating rotavirus transcripts accumulate in cytoplasmic protein-RNA granules known as viroplasms that support segmented genome assembly and replication via a poorly understood mechanism. Here, we analysed the RV transcriptome by combining DNA-barcoded smFISH of rotavirus-infected cells. Rotavirus RNA stoichiometry in viroplasms appears to be distinct from the cytoplasmic transcript distribution, with the largest transcript being the most enriched in viroplasms, suggesting a selective RNA enrichment mechanism. While all 11 types of transcripts accumulate in viroplasms, their stoichiometry significantly varied between individual viroplasms. Accumulation of transcripts requires the presence of 3’ untranslated terminal regions and viroplasmic localisation of the viral polymerase VP1, consistent with the observed lack of polyadenylated transcripts in viroplasms. Our observations reveal similarities between viroplasms and other cytoplasmic RNP granules and identify viroplasmic proteins as drivers of viral RNA assembly during viroplasm formation.
Novel analytical tools reveal that local synchronization of cilia coincides with tissue-scale metachronal waves in zebrafish multiciliated epithelia
Authors: Ringers Christa , Bialonski Stephan , Ege Mert , Solovev Anton , Hansen Jan Niklas , Jeong Inyoung , Friedrich Benjamin M , Jurisch-Yaksi Nathalie
Published: January 2023

Motile cilia are hair-like cell extensions that beat periodically to generate fluid flow along various epithelial tissues within the body. In dense multiciliated carpets, cilia were shown to exhibit a remarkable coordination of their beat in the form of traveling metachronal waves, a phenomenon which supposedly enhances fluid transport. Yet, how cilia coordinate their regular beat in multiciliated epithelia to move fluids remains insufficiently understood, particularly due to lack of rigorous quantification. We combine experiments, novel analysis tools, and theory to address this knowledge gap. To investigate collective dynamics of cilia, we studied zebrafish multiciliated epithelia in the nose and the brain. We focused mainly on the zebrafish nose, due to its conserved properties with other ciliated tissues and its superior accessibility for non-invasive imaging. We revealed that cilia are synchronized only locally and that the size of local synchronization domains increases with the viscosity of the surrounding medium. Even though synchronization is local only, we observed global patterns of traveling metachronal waves across the zebrafish multiciliated epithelium. Intriguingly, these global wave direction patterns are conserved across individual fish, but different for left and right noses, unveiling a chiral asymmetry of metachronal coordination. To understand the implications of synchronization for fluid pumping, we used a computational model of a regular array of cilia. We found that local metachronal synchronization prevents steric collisions, i.e., cilia colliding with each other, and improves fluid pumping in dense cilia carpets, but hardly affects the direction of fluid flow. In conclusion, we show that local synchronization together with tissue-scale cilia alignment coincide and generate metachronal wave patterns in multiciliated epithelia, which enhance their physiological function of fluid pumping.
Mammalian forelimb evolution is driven by uneven proximal-to-distal morphological diversity
Authors: Rothier Priscila S , Fabre Anne-Claire , Clavel Julien , Benson Roger BJ , Herrel Anthony
Published: January 2023

Vertebrate limb morphology often reflects the environment due to variation in locomotor requirements. However, proximal and distal limb segments may evolve differently from one another, reflecting an anatomical gradient of functional specialization that has been suggested to be impacted by the timing of development. Here, we explore whether the temporal sequence of bone condensation predicts variation in the capacity of evolution to generate morphological diversity in proximal and distal forelimb segments across more than 600 species of mammals. Distal elements not only exhibit greater shape diversity, but also show stronger within-element integration and, on average, faster evolutionary responses than intermediate and upper limb segments. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that late developing distal bones display greater morphological variation than more proximal limb elements. However, the higher integration observed within the autopod deviates from such developmental predictions, suggesting that functional specialization plays an important role in driving within-element covariation. Proximal and distal limb segments also show different macroevolutionary patterns, albeit not showing a perfect proximo-distal gradient. The high disparity of the mammalian autopod, reported here, is consistent with the higher potential of development to generate variation in more distal limb structures, as well as functional specialization of the distal elements.
Feeding habits of four-finger threadfin fish, Eleutheronema tetradactylum, and its diet interaction with co-existing fish species in the coastal waters of Thailand
Authors: Iqbal Teuku Haris , Hajisamae Sukree , Lim Apiradee , Jantarat Sitthisak , Wang Wen-Xiong , Tsim Karl W.K.
Published: January 2023

This study assessed the feeding habits of four-finger threadfin fish, Eleutheronema tetradactylum, and its diet relationship with other fish species in the tropics. Fish samples were collected from four locations along the coastal regions of Thailand. A whole year field sampling event was conducted to investigate the diet relationship of threadfin fish with other ten co-existing fish species in Pattani Bay during January 2021 and January 2022. E. tetradactylum was an active and specific predator with significant diet shift during ontogeny. Specifically, the juvenile fish fed largely on zooplankton especially Acetes/shrimp postlarvae, and small sized-fish fed on penaeid shrimps, while medium and large-sized fish shifted their diets to a combination of penaeid shrimp, fish and squid. Size and sex of fish as well as site of collection significantly affected gut fullness index and average number of food type (p < 0.05). Transitional sex fish predated almost entirely on other fishes (87.2%), whereas male and female fish fed mainly on penaeid shrimp (66.5%) and other fish (51.3%), respectively. Fish size and mouth opening controlled the size of prey, with the larger fish with larger mouth-opening fed primarily on the larger size of prey. Moreover, E. tetradactylum shared its diets inclusively with Epinephelus coioides, Johnius belangerii, Scomberomorus commerson, Scomberoides lysan, Otolithes ruber and Lutjanus russelli. Penaeid shrimp and teleost fish were the main food types shared by these fishes. This study provided important information on the feeding habits of E. tetradactylum and its diet relationship with other co-existing fish species living in the same habitat of a tropical coastal region.
Energy conservation prospects in water intensive Paddy-Wheat cropping system for groundwater pumping in the semi-arid region of Haryana
Authors: Singh Kuldeep , Jhorar Raj Kumar , Sidhpuria Manohar Sahai , Kumar Mukesh , Mehla Mukesh Kumar
Published: January 2023

The study was aimed at identifying the potential energy saving for groundwater pumping through enhanced efficiency of the pump sets. A total of 65 electrically powered tube wells were selected in the Sonipat district of the north Indian State of Haryana to study the energy use efficiency for groundwater pumping. The existing efficiency as well as the minimum expected overall efficiency of the tubewells were determined based on field survey, measurements, and applicable standard code of the Bureau of India Standards. The overall efficiencies of selected tube wells, computed based on actual measured power consumption, varied from 10.1% to 56.6% in the Sonipat block and 15.3% to 52.8% in the Rai block. The average energy requirement, for the selected tube wells, at the current efficiency level was 4,364.0 and 13,100.4 kWh for wheat and paddy crops, respectively, in the Sonipat block, while it was 3,424.8 and 10,280.9 kWh for wheat and paddy crops, respectively, in the Rai block. Analysis revealed that improving overall efficiency from the current level to the minimum expected level can lead to energy savings of 48.3% and 35.9% for tube wells in the Sonipat and Rai block, respectively. In the Rai block, where the groundwater level has declined significantly, the replacement of inefficient pumps should be done in tandem with crop diversification, improving water application efficiency and groundwater status by employing improved irrigation management practices and adopting groundwater recharge techniques.
Racismo y Resistencias en Migrantes Haitianos en Santiago de Chile desde una Perspectiva Interseccional
Authors:   Universidad Diego Portales (Chile), Mercado Órdenes Mercedes , Figueiredo Ana ,   Universidad de O'Higgins
Published: January 2023

El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer las experiencias de racismo del colectivo migrante haitiano en Chile desde una perspectiva interseccional. Atendemos a sus experiencias opresivas y también a sus resistencias frente a estas experiencias. Realizamos un estudio cualitativo con 16 personas haitianas (10 hombres y 6 mujeres) de entre 21 y 44 años, residentes en Santiago de Chile, con las cuales efectuamos 29 entrevistas semiestructuradas en profundidad. Como método de análisis de información, realizamos un análisis de contenido temático desde un enfoque interseccional. Identificamos racismo estructural, prejuicios manifiestos y racismo internalizado en la experiencia de los y las participantes. El color de piel se presenta como el marcador racial más importante y se encuentra articulado con la nacionalidad, la condición de migrante y/o el sexo-género. También, damos cuenta del fenómeno de racialización sexualizada hacia los hombres haitianos. Las diversas resistencias de los y las participantes hacia el racismo, muestran un reconocimiento positivo de las posiciones sociohistóricas de las personas haitianas. De este modo, pesquisamos identidades sociales resistentes e incipientes configuradas en torno al color de piel y la nacionalidad haitiana. Para líneas de investigación futura, creemos relevante extender el estudio del racismo en Chile desde el campo de la migración internacional, para atender a las estructuras racializadas desde las cuales se ejerce racismo hacia personas de pueblos originarios, afrochilenos y/o mestizos chilenos de piel oscura. Con este trabajo buscamos contribuir a visibilizar la presencia y consecuencias del racismo en Chile, y a promover la integración integral de la comunidad haitiana.
Relación entre patrones no uniformes en clima de apoyo y compromiso del equipo con la organización
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Administración||Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Psicología, Jiménez Velasco Nicolás Esteban
Published: January 2023

El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo examinar la relación entre clima no uniforme de apoyo por parte de la organización y compromiso del equipo con la organización. Para esto se clasificaron 50 equipos de trabajo de unan empresa del sector transporte en base a tres etiquetas de uniformidad sugeridas en la literatura científica (patrones uniformes, patrones no uniformes débiles y patrones no uniformes fuertes) y se determinaron los porcentajes de no uniformidad. La clasificación de los equipos fue realizada por dos evaluadores entrenados, quienes clasificaron en base a criterios establecidos. Los resultados señalan una relación negativa entre patrones no uniformes débiles presentes en el clima de poyo percibido por parte de la organización y compromiso del equipo con la organización. Este trabajo aporta evidencia adicional sobre la influencia de patrones no uniformes en variables claves para las organizaciones, extendiendo así los resultados previamente reportados en la literatura.
Rediseño del proceso de selección de psicólogos-as para la prestación de servicios de la Secretaría de la Mujer en México.
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Administración||Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Psicología, Juárez López Samantha Guadalupe
Published: January 2023

Este proyecto busca rediseñar el proceso de selección de Psicólogos/as para la prestación de servicios de la Secretaría de la Mujer en México, con el objeto de brindar una herramienta válida y confiable a la institución, que ayude a seleccionar a las personas idóneas para desempeñar un cargo que tiene un rol estratégico con alto impacto en el cumplimiento de los objetivos de una organización pública, que su fin es ayudar a un grupo vulnerable de la sociedad mexicana. Para lo cual se realizó una investigación por medio de entrevistas semi-estructuradas y pautas de observación no participante, asociadas al problema identificado y a los objetivos específicos planteados para este proyecto. Obteniendo resultados que evidencian que la institución no cuenta con un proceso de selección idóneo para el cargo, no se encuentra definido las demandas del rol y sus competencias necesarias para llevarlo a cabo, así como que no existe un desempeño contextual desarrollado por parte de los psicólogos/as. Por consiguiente se definió las demandas y competencias necesarias del rol, las expectativas de desempeño, las etapas y componentes críticos del proceso de selección e indicadores de proceso y resultado para la medición de la efectividad del mismo.
Research syntheses in L2 vocabulary research: A scoping review
Authors: Al-Hoorie Ali H. , Vitta Joseph P. , Nicklin Christopher
Published: January 2023

In this brief report, we present a scoping review of 31 second language (L2) vocabulary research syntheses published in the Web of Science from January 1990 to May 2022. The purpose of this undertaking was to understand what L2 vocabulary research synthesizers have aggregated and the investigative foci they intended to address. It was observed that most of the cataloged reports were experimental design meta-analyses, and thus there was room for future research syntheses in the vocabulary space to consider correlational research questions and hypotheses. Because systematic reviews were relatively scarce, there is also a need for these types of syntheses to be conducted in the future, especially those focused upon the observed quality of aggregated L2 vocabulary research.
Rater judgments and word difficulty: Conceptualizing the substantive validity of the VST
Authors: Canning Derek N. , McLean Stuart , Vitta Joseph P.
Published: January 2023

The substantive component of construct validity requires a confrontation between empirical test results and content relevance. The Vocabulary Size Test (VST) has been extensively validated in terms of empirical results. Less is known, however, about expert judgments of content relevance. The VST was constructed and validated according to the principle that frequency underlies vocabulary acquisition. This does not mean, however, that the two are equivalent. To better understand the construct of word difficulty as it is measured in VSTs, the results of two Rasch analyses, one on the VST, the other a Multi Facet Rasch Model (MFRM) of a questionnaire distributed to education practitioners were correlated (n = 80, r = 0.67, p < 0.001, 95% CI = [0.53, 0.77]). Semi-structured interviews were then conducted to explore how practitioners understand the concept of word difficulty. Findings indicate that word difficulty is understood to encompass more than frequency, validating recent research into the predictive power of lexical sophistication variables.
Orthographic processing of proper Names: A proposal to investigate the orthographic cue for second language readers
Authors: Klassen Kimberly
Published: January 2023

A standard treatment of proper names in second language (L2) vocabulary analyses is to categorize them as known items. This treatment is often supported by the assumption that the form of the proper name (i.e., the initial capital letter) and the context will indicate to the L2 reader that the item is a proper name. The aim of this work-in-progress report is to propose a methodological approach for investigating the claim that form facilitates proper name recognition for L2 readers, in particular for those whose first language (L1) employs a different orthography and writing system than English. While previous research has looked at the orthographic processing of proper names for L1 users, a gap exists in the literature for L2 readers. The assumption that L2 readers are skilled at identifying proper names from the initial capital warrants investigation as there are implications for the processing load in both pedagogical and testing situations. A proposed method to investigate the initial capital letter as a cue for L2 English proper name recognition is a name decision task, a variation on a lexical decision task, using English proper names and common nouns that are familiar to Japanese participants. Reaction times and error percentages to proper names with case type as a factor (i.e., initial capital letter or all lowercase) will be submitted to a linear mixed effects analysis.
Some trends in vocabulary research: A discussion of three papers presented at the JALT Vocabulary SIG
Authors: Kyle Kristopher
Published: January 2023

The Japanese context is a particularly rich area for a wide range of vocabulary research. I was therefore quite honored (and humbled) to be asked to serve as one of the discussants for the 2022 JALT Vocabulary SIG. The morning session of the Fall 2022 Vocabulary SIG included three papers that represent a range of topics that are common in vocabulary research. The first study (Eguchi, 2022) represents recent research on multivariate approaches to lexical sophistication, and highlights the importance of index selection, statistical choices, and the consideration of register when interpreting results. The second study (Al-Hoorie et al., 2022) highlights the wealth of vocabulary learning research that has been conducted in the last 30 years through a scoping review of research syntheses. The third study (Canning et al., 2022) represents an evaluation of one aspect of a substantive validity argument for a well-known receptive vocabulary knowledge test. The study highlights the idea that validity arguments are multi-faceted and that the evaluation of the validity of an assessment is an iterative, context-specific process, and is not represented by a one-time, one-size-fits-all study. Below, a brief summary of each study is provided, highlighting the particularly admirable qualities of each followed by suggestions for future research.
Estimation of Oncologic Surgery Case Volume Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic in France
Authors: Le Bihan-Benjamin Christine , Rocchi Mathieu , Putton Maxime , Méric Jean-Baptiste , Bousquet Philippe Jean
Published: January 2023

Importance

COVID-19 has had a major effect on health care activities, especially surgery. At first, comparisons were proposed using 2019 activities as the highest standard. However, while such an approach might have been suitable during the first months of the pandemic, this might no longer be the case for a longer period.

Objective

To examine approaches that may better assess the use of cancer surgeries.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In a cross-sectional design, the nationwide French hospital facility data (Medicalised Information System Program) were used to assess cancer surgery for 6 cancer site categories in adults from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2021.

Exposure

Estimated cancer surgery activity during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Three models were proposed to assess the expected number of surgical procedures between 2020 and 2021 and make a comparison with those observed in earlier years.

Results

In France, cancer removal surgeries account for approximately 7000 hospitalizations per year for liver cancer; 4000 for pancreatic cancer; 7700 for ovarian cancer; 1300 for esophagus cancer; 23 000 for ear, nose, and throat (ENT) cancer; 78 000 for breast cancer; and 16 600 for thoracic cancers. For most cancer sites, the number of surgical procedures increased from 2010 to 2019: liver, 14%; pancreas, 38%; ovary, 14%; esophagus, 18%; breast, 8%; and thoracic, 29%. Assuming stability, these values underestimate the gap in activity observed in 2020-2021. For other procedures, a decrease was observed: stomach, −10%, and ENT, −6%. Assuming stability, these values overestimate the gap in activity observed in 2020-2021. At the end of 2021, according to the model, the gap in activity observed in 2020-2021 was estimated at between −1.4% and 1.7% for breast, −6.6% and −7.3% for thoracic, −3.1% and −2.5% for ovarian, −4.2% and −1.7% for pancreas, −6.7% and 5.9% for stomach, and −13.0% and −13.9% for esophageal cancers. For ENT, liver, and urologic cancers, because the trend was different before and after 2015, it was necessary to opt for modeling using only the most recent period. The cumulative gap in activity observed in 2020-2021 was estimated at −1.0% for ENT cancers, −5.3% for liver cancers, and −2.9% for urologic cancers.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this study suggest that short- and medium-term trends must be considered to estimate COVID-19 cancer surgery activities. Breast cancer is the site for which the activity showed the smallest decrease during the pandemic, with almost full recovery in 2021.
Prevalence of Undiagnosed Diabetes Identified by a Novel Electronic Medical Record Diabetes Screening Program in an Urban Emergency Department in the US
Authors: Danielson Kirstie K. , Rydzon Brett , Nicosia Milena , Maheswaren Anjana , Eisenberg Yuval , Lin Janet , Layden Brian T.
Published: January 2023

This cross-sectional study describes a screening program that was developed to screen for type 2 diabetes in an urban emergency department setting in the US.
Association Between Age and Survival Trends in Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer After Adoption of Immunotherapy
Authors: Voruganti Teja , Soulos Pamela R. , Mamtani Ronac , Presley Carolyn J. , Gross Cary P.
Published: January 2023

Importance

The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has transformed the care of advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although clinical trials suggest substantial survival benefits, it is unclear how outcomes have changed in clinical practice.

Objective

To assess temporal trends in ICI use and survival among patients with advanced NSCLC across age strata.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study was performed in approximately 280 predominantly community-based US cancer clinics and included patients aged 18 years or older who had stage IIIB, IIIC, or IV NSCLC diagnosed between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2019, with follow-up through December 31, 2020. Data were analyzed April 1, 2021, to October 19, 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Median overall survival and 2-year survival probability. The predicted probability of 2-year survival was calculated using a mixed-effects logit model adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics.

Results

The study sample included 53 719 patients (mean [SD] age, 68.5 [9.3] years; 28 374 men [52.8%]), the majority of whom were White individuals (36 316 [67.6%]). The overall receipt of cancer-directed therapy increased from 69.0% in 2011 to 77.2% in 2019. After the first US Food and Drug Administration approval of an ICI for NSCLC, the use of ICIs increased from 4.7% in 2015 to 45.6% in 2019 (P < .001). Use of ICIs in 2019 was similar between the youngest and oldest patients (aged <55 years, 45.2% vs aged ≥75 years, 43.8%; P = .59). From 2011 to 2018, the predicted probability of 2-year survival increased from 37.7% to 50.3% among patients younger than 55 years and from 30.6% to 36.2% in patients 75 years or older (P < .001). Similarly, median survival in patients younger than 55 years increased from 11.5 months to 16.0 months during the study period, while survival among patients 75 years or older increased from 9.1 months in 2011 to 10.2 months in 2019.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study found that, among patients with advanced NSCLC, the uptake of ICIs after US Food and Drug Administration approval was rapid across all age groups. However, corresponding survival gains were modest, particularly in the oldest patients.
Impact of Common Vitamin D–Binding Protein Isoforms on Supplemental Vitamin D3 and/or Calcium Effects on Colorectal Adenoma Recurrence Risk
Authors: Gibbs David Corley , Barry Elizabeth L. , Fedirko Veronika , Baron John A. , Bostick Roberd M.
Published: January 2023

Importance

Variants in the vitamin D–binding protein (DBP) gene (GC) encode DBP isoforms that may affect vitamin D metabolism. However, whether these isoforms modify the effects of vitamin D3 and/or calcium supplementation on colorectal adenoma recurrence is unclear. We hypothesized that supplementation effects may be stronger among those with the DBP2 isoform (encoded by the rs4588*A allele), which is associated with vitamin D deficiency and modified the associations of circulating vitamin D with risk for colorectal neoplasms in observational studies.

Objective

To estimate supplemental vitamin D3 and/or calcium effects on colorectal adenoma recurrence according to 3 common DBP isoforms (DBP1s, DBP1f, DBP2) encoded by 2 missense variants: rs7041 (NG_012837.3:g.57904T>G NP_001191235.1:p.Asp432Glu) and rs4588 (NG_012837.3:g.57915C>A NP_001191235.1:p.Thr436Lys).

Design, Setting, and Participants

Secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of 2259 participants with a recently diagnosed adenoma and no remaining polyps after complete colonoscopy in the US from July 1, 2004, to August 31, 2013. The current analyses were performed from August 12, 2019, to July 16, 2022.

Interventions

Daily vitamin D3 (1000 IU), calcium (1200 mg), both, or placebo.

Main Outcomes and Measures

One or more adenomas diagnosed during 3 to 5 years of follow-up. Treatment effects were estimated according to DBP isoform as risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs using Poisson regression analysis.

Results

Of the 2259 participants randomized (mean [SD] age, 58 [6.8] years; 1033 [64%] men), 1604 non-Hispanic White participants (chosen to avoid population stratification bias) were included in the analysis. Among those with the DBP2 isoform (rs4588*AC or AA), the RRs (95% CI) for adenoma recurrence were 0.84 (0.72-1.00) with vitamin D3 relative to no vitamin D3, 0.83 (95% CI, 0.70-0.99) with calcium relative to no calcium, and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.59-0.98) with both agents relative to neither agent. Conversely, among those without DBP2 (rs4588*CC), the corresponding values were 1.08 (95% CI, 0.93-1.26; P = .03 for interaction) with vitamin D3 relative to no vitamin D3, 0.98 (95% CI, 0.84-1.14; P = .37 for interaction) with calcium relative to no calcium, and 1.09 (0.88-1.36; P = .03 for interaction) with both agents relative to neither agent. Among DBP2 homozygotes (rs4588*AA), the RR for adenoma recurrence was 0.57 (95% CI, 0.31-1.08) with both agents relative to neither agent.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial suggest that individuals with the DBP2 isoform–encoding rs4588*A allele may particularly benefit from vitamin D3 and/or calcium supplementation for colorectal adenoma prevention.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00153816
The catalytic domains of all human KDM5 JmjC demethylases catalyse N‐methyl arginine demethylation
Authors: Bonnici Joanna , Oueini Razanne , Salah Eidarus , Johansson Catrine , Schofield Christopher J. , Kawamura Akane
Published: January 2023

The demethylation of Nε‐methyllysine residues on histones by Jumonji‐C lysine demethylases (JmjC‐KDMs) has been established. A subset of JmjC‐KDMs has also been reported to have Nω‐methylarginine residue demethylase (RDM) activity. Here, we describe biochemical screening studies, showing that the catalytic domains of all human KDM5s (KDM5A‐KDM5D), KDM4E and, to a lesser extent, KDM4A/D, have both KDM and RDM activities with histone peptides. Ras GTPase‐activating protein‐binding protein 1 peptides were shown to be RDM substrates for KDM5C/D. No RDM activity was observed with KDM1A and the other JmjC‐KDMs tested. The results highlight the potential of JmjC‐KDMs to catalyse reactions other than Nε‐methyllysine demethylation. Although our study is limited to peptide fragments, the results should help guide biological studies investigating JmjC functions.
High‐Temperature Behavior of the Heat‐Treated and Overaged AlSi10Mg Alloy Produced by Laser‐Based Powder Bed Fusion and Comparison with Conventional Al–Si–Mg‐Casting Alloys
Authors: Di Egidio Gianluca , Morri Alessandro , Ceschini Lorella , Tonelli Lavinia
Published: January 2023

In recent years, the AlSi10Mg alloy produced by laser‐based powder bed fusion (L‐PBF) has gained more attention for increasing the strength‐to‐weight ratio in structural parts subjected to severe operating conditions. Herein, the effects of thermal exposure (0–48 h at 200, 210, and 245 °C) on the metastable microstructure of the L‐PBF AlSi10Mg alloy and the high‐temperature (200 °C) tensile properties post‐overaging (41 h at 210 °C) of the heat‐treated alloy is investigated. In particular, two specific heat treatment conditions, currently neglected in the literature, are analyzed: i) T5 heat treatment (direct artificial aging: 4 h at 160 °C), and ii) the innovative T6R heat treatment (rapid solution: 10 min at 510 °C, and artificial aging: 6 h at 160 °C). The T5 shows a lower decrease in mechanical properties after thermal exposure and during the high‐temperature tensile test than the T6R. This behavior is related to the higher efficiency of the submicrometric cellular structure in hindering the dislocation motion. In addition, the T5 has good tensile properties compared to high‐temperature Al–Si–Mg‐ and Al–Si–Cu–Mg‐casting alloys, representing an attractive option in future industrial applications characterized by operating temperatures up to 200 °C.
Data‐Driven “Cross‐Component” Design and Optimization of γ′‐Strengthened Co‐Based Superalloys
Authors: Lu Song , Zou Min , Zhang Xiaorui , Antonov Stoichko , Li Wendao , Li Longfei , Feng Qiang
Published: January 2023

The design of complex multicomponent superalloys has always been challenging due to the interaction of multiple elements and stringent requirements for various properties. Herein, an integrated approach to designing the high‐component (>7) γ′‐strengthened Co‐based superalloys with well‐balanced properties is developed by combining the diffusion multiples and machine‐learning models. A “cross‐component” prediction is achieved by the machine‐learning models, where two types of novenary superalloys are screened out for aeroengine and industrial gas turbine blades, respectively, based on the experimental database mainly consisting of six to seven elements. The method is verified to be effective or slightly more favorable than the Calculation of Phase Diagram (CALPHAD) in predicting the γ′ solvus temperature (Tγ′) and phase constituent of the high‐component alloys when reasonable data of low‐component alloys are just provided. Furthermore, the oxidation resistance and hardness of polycrystal superalloys as well as the compressive strength of single‐crystal superalloys are tested. Finally, some factors affecting the accuracy of “cross‐component” prediction are discussed. Expanding the compositional range and supplementing the critical interaction data of multiple elements in the database are beneficial for improving the accuracy of the “cross‐component” prediction.
Effect of Thermal Cycling on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cf/SiC–Al Composites
Authors: Liao Jiahao , Yang Lixia , Chen Zhaofeng , Guan Tianru , Liu Tianlong
Published: January 2023

Thermal cycling inevitably affects the microstructure and mechanical properties of composites due to the differences in thermal expansion coefficients (CTEs) of each component. Herein, the evolution of the microstructure and in‐plane compressive properties of Cf/SiC–Al composites after different thermal cycles at different temperature differences are investigated. Moreover, the magnitude and state of residual thermal stress in each component of the composites after thermal cycling are further analyzed by X‐ray diffraction and nanoindentation methods. The results show that with the increase of the temperature difference and the number of thermal cycles, the residual stress in each component gradually accumulates, accompanied by interface debonding and microcracks in the fiber/matrix interface area, which can release part of the residual stress. The evolution of the residual stress and the interface microstructure has a significant effect on the in‐plane compressive strength of the composites. The release of residual stress and the generation of some microcracks are beneficial to the compressive strength, but too many microcracks can reduce the strength.
Thickness Effect of (0001) Textured Al2O3Layer on the Optical and Mechanical Properties of MgAl2O4/Al2O3Laminated Transparent Composite
Authors: Liu Lihong , Morita Koji , Suzuki Tohru S.
Published: January 2023

The effect of the thickness of (0001) textured Al2O3layer on the optical and mechanical properties is examined in the MgAl2O4/Al2O3transparent laminated composite. The textured Al2O3layers with various thicknesses are formed on the MgAl2O4polycrystals using a magnetic field alignment technique followed by one step spark‐plasma‐sintering (SPS) processing. Depending on the thickness of the textured Al2O3layer, the transmittance efficiency of the composite sensitively changes and attains the higher in‐line transmittance ofTin,0.64 ≈ 54% at a visible range ofλ = 0.64 μm for the thin Al2O3layer with a thickness of ≈400 μm. In addition to the transparency, the hardnessHvmeasured on the textured Al2O3layer surface also changes sensitively with the thickness and can attainHv = 30.4 GPa, which is much higher than 25.5 GPa of monolithic Al2O3polycrystals. The higher hardness can be ascribed to residual stresses formed in the textured Al2O3layer. These results indicate that by controlling both the thickness and the texture structure of the Al2O3layer, the MgAl2O4/Al2O3composite simultaneously achieves excellent optical and mechanical properties.
Crushing Behavior and Energy Absorption Performance of a Novel 3D Folded Structure with Negative Poisson's Ratio
Authors: Ma Yu , Liu Zhifang , Zhang Tianhui , Li Shiqiang , Lei Jianyin
Published: January 2023

A novel 3D folded structure (3D‐FS) with negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) is proposed herein. The deformation mechanism and energy absorption properties are investigated by the experiment and simulation. An analytical model describing the two‐plateau stress phases is presented based on the experimental data. Numerical simulations are performed to analyze the influence of the structural geometry parameters on the plateau stress, energy absorption properties and NPR, and to establish the relationship between specific energy absorption and wall thickness ratio for the two‐plateau stress phases. A comparison of NPR and energy absorption is performed with the warp and woof periodic auxetic cellular structure (WWPACS). The results show that 3D‐FS has an obvious NPR effect and bistable performance under compressive loading. With the star re‐entrant angle increasing, the first‐plateau stress increases while the second‐plateau stress decreases; meanwhile, the NPR effect and energy absorption capacity are enhanced. The NPR effect of 3D‐FS is more evident than that of WWPACS, and the maximum NPR is 1.14 times of WWPACS. The specific energy absorption (SEA) of 3D‐FS is 2.21 times larger than that of WWPACS when the compressive compression strain is 0.60.
Large Refrigerant Capacity Induced by Table‐Like Magnetocaloric Effect in High‐Entropy Alloys TbDyHoEr
Authors: Zhu Wei Hao , Ma Lei , He Mu Fen , Li Zhi Kun , Zhang Huan Zhi , Yao Qing Rong , Rao Guang Hui , Su Kun Peng , Zhong Xi Chun , Liu Zhong Wu , Gao Xin Qiang
Published: January 2023

Rare‐earth‐based high‐entropy alloys (HEAs) with large magnetocaloric effect (MCE) have been recently recognized as good candidates for magnetic refrigeration. Herein, the complex magnetic transition, MCE, refrigerant capacity (RC), and magnetic‐phase diagram of single‐phase TbDyHoEr HEA are studied. It is showed in the results that due to complex magnetic transition and an ideal table‐like MCE, the RC of TbDyHoEr is significantly improved from 883.19 to 1049.22 J kg−1by melt‐spun treatment. In terms of RC value and hysteresis performance, the melt‐spun treatment significantly improves the application potential of TbDyHoEr HEA as a high‐efficient magnetic refrigeration material, and the ideal table‐like MCE in a large temperature range enables this material to meet the requirements of both cryogenic refrigeration and mesothermal refrigeration for an Ericsson cycle.
Investigation of Microstructure and Texture Evolution in an AZ31/Mg–Gd Alloy Hybrid Metal Fabricated by High‐Pressure Torsion
Authors: Ould Mohamed Ouarda , Azzeddine Hiba , Huang Yi , Baudin Thierry , Bazarnik Piotr , Brisset François , Kawasaki Megumi , Langdon Terence G.
Published: January 2023

High‐pressure torsion (HPT) processing is successfully applied to fabricate a novel hybrid material from separate discs of AZ31 (Mg–3Al–1Zn, wt%) and Mg–0.6Gd (wt%) alloys by straining through numbers of rotations, N, of 1/4, 1/2, 5, 10, and 20 turns at room temperature. The microstructure and texture are investigated near the bonding interface through the disc diameter using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The microstructure exhibits two grain refinement regimes with the first occurring during an equivalent strain range, εeq, of ≈0.3–72 and the second during εeq from ≈72 to 517. The general texture changes from B‐fiber to Y‐fiber and C2‐fiber through the HPT processing. The resultant microstructures and textures of this hybrid alloy are examined separately for the AZ31 and Mg‐0.6Gd alloys and found controlled by the presence of twinning, slip systems, and second phases and the occurrence of different dynamic recrystallization mechanisms.
Degradable Self‐healable Networks for Use in Biomedical Applications
Authors: Grosjean Mathilde , Gangolphe Louis , Nottelet Benjamin
Published: January 2023

Among biomaterials, 3D networks with capacities to absorb and retain large quantities of water (hydrogels) or withstand significant deformation and stress while recovering their initial structures at rest (elastomers) are largely used in biomedical applications. However, when damaged, they cannot recover their initial structures and properties. To overcome this limitation and satisfy the requirements of the biomedical field, self‐healable hydrogels and elastomers designed using (bio)degradable or bioeliminable polymer chains have been developed and are becoming increasingly popular. This review presents the latest advances in the field of self‐healing degradable/bioeliminable networks designed for use in health applications. The strategies used to develop such networks based on reversible covalent or physical cross‐linking or their combination via dual/multi‐cross‐linking approaches are analyzed in detail. The key parameters of these hydrogels and elastomers, such as mechanical properties, repair and degradation times, and healing efficiencies, are critically considered in terms of their suitabilities in biomedical applications. Finally, their current and prospective uses as biomaterials in the fields of tissue engineering, drug/cell delivery, and medical devices are presented, followed by the remaining challenges faced to ensure the further success of degradable self‐healable networks.
Biomedical Micro‐/Nanomotors: Design, Imaging, and Disease Treatment
Authors: Liu Wei , Liu Ya , Li He , Nie Hongmei , Tian Maoye , Long Wei
Published: January 2023

Untethered mobile micro‐/nanomotors (MNMs), as newly‐emerging attractive and versatile nanotechnologies, are expected to be the next‐generation disease treatment tools, for breaking through the limitations of conventional passive drug delivery manner. However, the advances in these fascinating platforms have been hampered by the complexity of the biological environment and the particularity of disease microenvironment. Consequently, specific design strategies and clinical imaging techniques are essential to ensure the high‐efficiency of biomedical MNMs on actuation, targeting, localization, and therapy when performing assigned in vivo tasks. This review thus comprehensively addresses three aspects of biomedical MNMs, including design, imaging, and disease treatment, highlighting the intelligent MNMs with biomimetic functionality and chemotactic capability, emphasizing the applicability of different imaging techniques, and focusing on various proof‐of‐concept studies based on physiological characteristics for the treatment of major diseases. In addition, the key challenges and limitations of current biomedical MNMs are addressed, which may inspire future research and facilitate translation toward clinical treatment.
Insights on Artificial Interphases of Zn and Electrolyte: Protection Mechanisms, Constructing Techniques, Applicability, and Prospective
Authors: Yang Jingjing , Zhao Ran , Wang Yingshuai , Hu Zhifan , Wang Yahui , Zhang Anqi , Wu Chuan , Bai Ying
Published: January 2023

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) with metallic Zn anodes have emerged as promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage systems due to their inherent safety and competitive capacity. However, challenges of Zn anodes, including dendrite growth and side reactions, impede the commercialization of ZIBs. The regulation of the Zn/electrolyte interphase is a feasible method to achieve high‐performance ZIBs with prolonged lifespan and high reversibility. Considering the as‐made artificial interphase is the result of a combination of protection materials, protection mechanisms, and construction techniques, this review comprehensively summarizes the recent progress of interphase modulation and provides a systematic guideline for constructing ideal artificial layers. In addition to revealing the entanglement relationship between the failure behaviors of Zn anodes and timely concluding the emerging protection mechanisms for stable Zn/electrolyte interphase, this review also evaluates the constructing techniques in regard of commercialization, including engineering workflow, strength, shortcoming, applicable materials, and protection effect, aiming to pave the way to practical application. Finally, this review presents noteworthy points of ideal artificial layer. It is expected that this review can enlighten researchers to not only explore ideal interphases of Zn anodes for practical application, but also design other metal anodes in aqueous batteries with similar failure behaviors.
A Microenvironment Dual‐Responsive Nano‐Drug Equipped with PD‐L1 Blocking Peptide Triggers Immunogenic Pyroptosis for Prostate Cancer Self‐Synergistic Immunotherapy
Authors: Wang He , Gao Zhiyuan , Jiao Di , Zhang Yufan , Zhang Jingtian , Wang Tianjiao , Huang Yuhua , Zheng Donghui , Hou Jianquan , Ding Dan , Zhang Weijie
Published: January 2023

Induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD) in tumor combined with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy is widely developed to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. However, the current ICD induced based on apoptosis, i.e., immunogenic apoptosis, is often restricted in immunogenicity owing to the inflammatory quenching that occurs early in apoptosis. Recently, pyroptosis is demonstrated to be a more efficient ICD form, i.e., immunogenic pyroptosis. The cell contents released during pyroptosis can powerfully activate tumor immunogenicity. Herein, first, it is demonstrated that lower doses of epigenetic drug decitabine can increase GSDME expression in prostate cancer (PCa) RM‐1 cells and successfully induce an apoptosis‐pyroptosis transition after photodynamic therapy (PDT). Subsequently, a microenvironment dual‐responsive nano‐drug equipped with PD‐L1 blocking peptide (TSD@LSN‐D) is developed for self‐synergistic cancer immunotherapy. The poorly immunogenic RM‐1 PCa model confirm that the powerful antitumor immune response evoked by TSD@LSN‐D not only can effectively inhibit the primary tumor but also form a long‐term immune memory to prevent PCa recurrence and metastasis. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this work presents the first concept that promotes the apoptosis–pyroptosis transition after tumor PDT through epigenetic modulation. Furthermore, the powerful combination of immunogenic pyroptosis with ICB opens a new platform for PCa immunotherapy.