bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting hypotension during anesthesia: Variation in pulse oximetry plethysmography predicts propofol‐induced hypotension in children
Authors: Choi Sheung‐Nyoung , Ji Sang‐Hwan , Jang Young‐Eun , Kim Eun‐Hee , Lee Ji‐Hyun , Kim Jin‐Tae , Kim Hee‐Soo
Published: May 2021

Background

The development of hypotension on administration of intravenous propofol is common and independently associated with adverse outcomes. Identifying patients with a high risk for anesthesia‐induced hypotension may help anesthesiologists prepare for such an event.

Aim

The authors hypothesized that propofol‐induced hypotension is predictable by variables related to fluid responsiveness and investigated such variables to determine the factors which can predict hypotensive events.

Methods

Patients 3–6 years of age who underwent general were included. Intravenous midazolam 0.1 mg kg−1 was administered as premedication, and preoperative noninvasive blood pressure, heart rate, perfusion index, pleth variability index, and respiratory variation of pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform were measured. Intravenous propofol 2.5 mg kg−1 was given, and blood pressure was measured 5 times at 1‐min intervals. Subjects with significant hypotension (mean blood pressure decrease ≥20%) were allocated to the hypotensive group; those without significant hypotension were allocated to the relatively normotensive group.

Results

Of 77 patients, 50 (64.9%) developed significant hypotension. Patients in the hypotensive group exhibited significantly higher respiratory variation of pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform (mean difference 11 [3.3] [95% confidence interval 4.9–18.1]; p = .001) and higher pleth variability index (mean difference 7.1 [2.8] [95% confidence interval 1.6–12.6]; p = .013) than the normotensive group. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for respiratory variation of pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform and pleth variability index were 0.722 and 0.649, respectively.

Conclusion

High preoperative respiratory variation of pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform and pleth variability index were both independently associated with propofol‐induced hypotension in children.
Health insurance, pediatric asthma, and emergency department usage
Authors: Marye Stacey
Published: May 2021

This study synthesized current research on the relationships between type of insurance and emergency department usage for children with asthma in the United States. Thematic analysis is in the context of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). A systematic mapping review yielded 20 articles published in the last 10 years on topics of insurance, emergency department usage, and pediatric asthma. Analysis indicates continued trends of increased emergency department use among asthmatic children since enactment of the ACA, running counter to the goal of fiscal efficiency for the healthcare system and reduction of health inequities. Barriers to care persist, particularly among communities of color, despite provisions to improve access to primary and preventive care. Inadequate access to primary care is associated with poor adherence among asthmatic children with public insurance. Those with health insurance through their parents' employer experience barriers due to cost‐sharing expenses. This leads to increased asthma severity and low medication adherence, resulting in the need for emergency care. A disconnect between increased health insurance coverage and utilization of primary care in some populations implies unmet service needs that warrant further investigation. Findings inform policymakers and public health leaders of persistent health inequities resulting in preventable emergency department usage.
Customized device for individuals with limited range of motion to insert and remove dentures
Authors: Keller Emily L. , Alvey Ian A. , Valdez Jesus Amadeo
Published: May 2021

Aim

To develop a device to aid in insertion and removal of dentures in patients with limited range of motion.

Case report

A 62‐year‐old male with congenital musculoskeletal system anomaly, severe scoliosis, missing teeth, and poor dentition presented for comprehensive dental care. Patient had significant range of motion limitations resulting in an inability to reach his mouth. A device allowing for independent insertion, removal, and cleaning of dentures was made for patient. Dentures were fabricated and scanned using an intraoral scanner, traditional surgical guide for implant placement was adapted to accommodate neodynium magnets and wooden dowel, and guide was 3D printed. Stainless steel spheres were processed into denture to correspond to magnets in guide. Patient demonstrated ability to independently insert and remove both his maxillary complete denture and mandibular partial denture using device.

Conclusion

A successful device for insertion and removal of complete and partial dentures can be fabricated by adapting a surgical guide to incorporate magnets by processing stainless steel spheres into the dentures. This device could be helpful for any individuals demonstrating musculoskeletal system anomalies or range of motion deficits.
Analysis of outcomes of single‐unit cord blood transplantation with umbilical cord blood units processed with two different red blood cell sedimentation reagents
Authors: Babic Aleksandar , Buchanan Paula , Gill Ammara , Bloomquist Jenni , Regan Donna , Bhatla Deepika , Ferguson William
Published: May 2021

Background

Various processing methodologies are routinely used to reduce volume and red blood cell content of umbilical cord blood (UCB) units collected for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. There is limited information regarding effects of UCB processing techniques on clinical outcomes.

Study Design and Methods

Retrospective data analysis compared laboratory and clinical outcomes following single‐unit UCB transplantation performed between 1999 and 2015. All UCB units were from St. Louis Cord Blood Bank and all were manually processed with either Hetastarch processed cord blood units (HCB) (n = 661) or PrepaCyte processed cord blood units (PCB) (n = 84). Additional sensitivity analysis focused on units transplanted from 2010 to 2015 and included 105 HCB and 84 PCB.

Results

There were no significant differences in patient characteristics between the two groups. Pre‐freeze total nucleated and CD34+ cell counts, cell doses/kg of recipient weight, and total colony‐forming units (CFUs) were higher in PCB compared with HCB. Post‐thaw, the PCB group had a significantly better total nucleated cell recovery, while there were no significant differences in cell viability, CFU recovery, or CD34+ cell recovery. Primary analysis demonstrated faster neutrophil and platelet engraftment for PCB but no differences in overall survival (OS), whereas sensitivity analysis found no effect of processing method on engraftment, but better OS in the HCB group compared with PCB group.

Conclusion

The UCB processing method had no significant impact on engraftment. However, we cannot completely exclude the effect of processing method on OS. Additional studies may be warranted to investigate the potential impact of the PCB processing method on clinical outcomes.
Effectiveness of Internet and Phone‐Based Interventions on Diabetes Management of Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zhao Xiaolei , Huang Houqiang , Zheng Silin
Published: May 2021

Aims

To synthesize evidence about the impact of Internet and phone‐based diabetes education and management on metabolic control, self‐management behavior changes, and psychological effects among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Background

Internet and mobile technologies were commonly used to improve diabetes management among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The effectiveness of new technology‐based diabetes education and management has previously not been synthesized.

Methods

PubMed, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Joanna Briggs Institute Library, and the Chinese databases CNKI and Wanfang were searched from 1989 to March 2020. Two reviewers independently selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs), in English and Chinese, which compared an intervention group of new technology‐based diabetes education and management with a control group of usual care. The primary outcomes were metabolic control, such as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and secondary outcomes consisted of behavior changes and psychological effects, such as self‐efficacy and quality of life.

Results

A total of 23 RCTs with 1,824 participants met the inclusion criteria. The meta‐analysis showed that phone calls could significantly reduce HbA1c (MD = −.17; 95% CI [−.33, −.01]; I2 = 0%) in children and adolescents with T1DM. New technology‐based diabetes education and management could significantly improve self‐efficacy (SMD = 0.37; 95% CI [.07, .67]; I2 = 0%). No benefits on behavior changes and quality of life were identified.

Linking Evidence to Action

New technology‐based diabetes education has potential benefits for children and adolescents with T1DM, such as improving metabolic control through phone calls and increasing their self‐efficacy of diabetes management. Well‐designed RCTs with larger sample sizes and longer intervention duration should be conducted, especially in developing countries.
Characterization of cathode-electrolyte interface in all-solid-state batteries using TOF-SIMS, XPS, and UPS/LEIPS
Authors: Iida Shin-ichi , Terashima Masahiro , Mamiya Kazutoshi , Chang Hsun-Yun , Sasaki Shunsuke , Ono Atsuo , Kimoto Takahito , Miyayama Takuya
Published: May 2021

In recent years, all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) have been attracting attention as the next generation batteries for electric vehicles, energy storage systems, etc. Despite the growing interest, there are still many challenges faced in the commercial use of ASSBs. One of the biggest issues is the internal resistance, especially generated at the interface between solid electrolyte and electrode. The internal resistance at the interface limits the charge-discharge cycling performances. In order to solve this issue, it is necessary to examine the chemical and physical interactions at the interface. In this study, we have performed a detailed characterization of a LiPON/LiCoO2 interface using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and low-energy inverse photoelectron spectroscopy to obtain information on chemical species, chemical compositions, chemical states, and energy band diagrams. These powerful techniques have revealed that an interlayer between LiPON and LiCoO2 was formed due to the temperature rise during the manufacturing process. The temperature rise caused a change of the LiPON network structure and stimulated Co reduction in the LiCoO2 layer near the interface. Energy band diagram analysis suggests that the electron diffusion from LiPON to LiCoO2 may have triggered the reduction of Co. We concluded that the chemical changes that occur at the interface caused an increase in interfacial impedance. Preventing the chemical reduction of Co would be a key to minimize the internal resistance. In this article, the detailed chemical interactions between the LiPON and LiCoO2 layers will be discussed.
Gravitational time dilation, free fall, and matter waves
Authors: Czarnecka Anna P. , Czarnecki Andrzej
Published: May 2021

We demonstrate that the de Broglie wave of a particle in a gravitational field turns toward the region of lower gravitational potential, causing the particle to fall. This turning is caused by clocks running slower in the smaller potential. We use the analogy of ocean waves that are slower in shallower water and turn toward beaches. This approach implies that the motion is along a geodesic and explains the free fall qualitatively and quantitatively with only elementary algebra.
Continuous Versus Intermittent Running: Acute Performance Decrement and Training Load
Authors: Kesisoglou Antonis , Nicolò Andrea , Howland Lucinda , Passfield Louis
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To examine the effect of continuous (CON) and intermittent (INT) running training sessions of different durations and intensities on subsequent performance and calculated training load (TL). Methods: Runners (N = 11) performed a 1500-m time trial as a baseline and after completing 4 different running training sessions. The training sessions were performed in a randomized order and were either maximal for 10 minutes (10CON and 10INT) or submaximal for 25 minutes (25CON and 25INT). An acute performance decrement (APD) was calculated as the percentage change in 1500-m time-trial speed measured after training compared with baseline. The pattern of APD response was compared with that for several TL metrics (bTRIMP, eTRIMP, iTRIMP, running training stress score, and session rating of perceived exertion) for the respective training sessions. Results: Average speed (P < .001, ) was different for each of the initial training sessions, which all resulted in a significant APD. This APD was similar when compared across the sessions except for a greater APD found after 10INT versus 25CON (P = .02). In contrast, most TL metrics were different and showed the opposite response to APD, being higher for CON versus INT and lower for 10- versus 25-minute sessions (P < .001, ). Conclusion: An APD was observed consistently after running training sessions, but it was not consistent with most of the calculated TL metrics. The lack of agreement found between APD and TL suggests that current methods for quantifying TL are flawed when used to compare CON and INT running training sessions of different durations and intensities.
Zeb1 induces immune checkpoints to form an immunosuppressive envelope around invading cancer cells
Authors: Guo Yan , Lu Xiaoqin , Chen Yao , Rendon Beatriz , Mitchell Robert A. , Cuatrecasas Miriam , Cortés Marlies , Postigo Antonio , Liu Yongqing , Dean Douglas C.
Published: May 2021

Zeb1-induced immune checkpoints promote M2 macrophages and protect invading lung cancer cells from inflammatory cells.
Global acceleration in rates of vegetation change over the past 18,000 years
Authors: Mottl Ondřej , Flantua Suzette G. A. , Bhatta Kuber P. , Felde Vivian A. , Giesecke Thomas , Goring Simon , Grimm Eric C. , Haberle Simon , Hooghiemstra Henry , Ivory Sarah , Kuneš Petr , Wolters Steffen , Seddon Alistair W. R. , Williams John W.
Published: May 2021

The pace of Holocene vegetation change

Although much is known about the rapid environmental changes that have occurred since the Industrial Revolution, the patterns of change over the preceding millennia have been only patchily understood. Using a global set of >1100 fossil pollen records, Mottlet al.explored the rates of vegetation change over the past 18,000 years (see the Perspective by Overpeck and Breshears). The authors show that the rates of change accelerated markedly during the Late Holocene (∼4.6 to 2.9 thousand years ago), even more rapidly than the climate-driven vegetation changes associated with the end of the last glacial period. In addition, the Late Holocene acceleration began for terrestrial communities as a whole, suggesting that the acceleration in turnover over the past two centuries is the tip of a deeper trend.

Science, abg1685, this issue p.860; see also abi9902, p.786
The growing challenge of vegetation change
Authors: Overpeck Jonathan T. , Breshears David D.
Published: May 2021

Analysis of past change puts risks of plant carbon management in a long-term context
“The Descent of Man,” 150 years on
Authors: Fuentes Agustín
Published: May 2021

In 1871, Charles Darwin tackled “the highest and most interesting problem for the naturalist…the descent of man.” Challenging the status quo, Darwin deployed natural and sexual selection, and his recently adopted “survival of the fittest,” producing scenarios for the emergence of humankind. He explored evolutionary histories, anatomy, mental abilities, cultural capacities, race, and sex differences. Some conclusions were innovative and insightful. His recognition that differences between humans and other animals were of degree, not of kind, was trailblazing. His focus on cooperation, social learning, and cumulative culture remains core to human evolutionary studies. However, some of Darwin's other assertions were dismally, and dangerously, wrong. “Descent” is a text from which to learn, but not to venerate.
Supplemental Material: Origin of alkali olivine basalts and hawaiites in the western Mexican arc: Evidence of rapid phenocryst growth and magma mixing during ascent along fractures
Authors: Mesa J. , Lange R.A.
Published: May 2021

Tables, figures, and text that support results and discussion of this paper. Tables contain all measured and calculated data used in this study. Text includes results for plagioclase analyses and application of plagioclase-liquid hygrometer to hawaiites.
High rate of conversion from ocular hypertension to glaucoma in subjects with uveitis
Authors: Ma Tiffany , Sims Joanne L , Bennett Sonya , Chew Shenton , Niederer Rachael L
Published: May 2021

Aims

To examine presentation, management and long-term sequelae of ocular hypertension and uveitic glaucoma.

Methods

Retrospective observational study of all subjects with uveitic glaucoma or ocular hypertension seen in Auckland uveitis clinics over the last 10 years.

Results

A total of 188 eyes of 139 subjects with uveitic glaucoma or ocular hypertension were included for analysis. Total follow-up was 1854.5 eye years (mean 9.9 years). The mean age at uveitis diagnosis was 49.3 years. 52.5% of subjects were male. The most common diagnoses were idiopathic uveitis (29.3%), sarcoidosis (13.3%), herpes zoster (6.9%), HLA-B27 uveitis (6.9%), tuberculosis (5.9%) and Posner-Schlossmann or cytomegalovirus (CMV) uveitis (5.3%). Median intraocular pressure (IOP) at diagnosis was 35 mm Hg (IQR 29–45). 144 eyes (77.0%) developed glaucoma during the follow-up period, of whom 41 lost some central vision due to glaucoma. Oral acetazolamide was required for IOP control in 64.5%, 50 eyes underwent trabeculectomy, 18 eyes required a tube and 6 underwent minimally invasive glaucoma surgery.

Conclusion

Rapid progression was observed from ocular hypertension to uveitic glaucoma. Uveitic glaucoma is aggressive, with high likelihood of requiring surgical management and high risk of central vision loss. Close collaboration between uveitis and glaucoma specialists is required to maximise outcomes for these patients.
Socioeconomic, geographic and health system factors associated with rising C-section rate in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study using the Indonesian demographic and health surveys from 1998 to 2017
Authors: Wyatt Sage , Silitonga Permata Imani Ima , Febriani Esty , Long Qian
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Caesarean section (C-section) has been a public health concern globally. This study investigated the change in C-section rate in 1998–2017 in Indonesia and explored the socioeconomic, geographic and health system factors associated with the use of C-section.

Methods

We analysed data from demographic health surveys in 2002–2003, 2007, 2012 and 2017 in Indonesia. We included women who reported giving birth within 5 years of each round of the survey (n=56 462) into the analysis. Cross-tabulation was used to examine change of C-section rate by year. We conducted bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions to study the determinants of C-section use.

Results

In Indonesia, the C-section rate increased from 4.0% in 1998 to 18.5% in 2017. In 2017, the C-section rate in urban areas (22.9%) was almost two times that in rural areas (11.8%). It was almost three times among the richest wealth quintile (36.5%), compared with the poorest wealth quintile (12.9%). Between 2008 and 2017, the difference in the C-section rate by public services enlarged between the poorest and the richest groups. The absolute increase of the C-sections by private services was more than public services over time. In 2013–2017, the C-section rates by public and private services were 22.5% and 23.1%, respectively. After adjusting for all variables, higher education, higher household wealth, primiparity and use of public childbirth services were positively associated with C-section.

Conclusions

The C-section rate increased steadily in the past two decades in Indonesia. Women’s socioeconomic status and health system factors were associated with the increased use of C-section.
Proposal of MUAC as a fast tool to monitor pregnancy nutritional status: results from a cohort study in Brazil
Authors: Miele Maria J , Souza Renato T , Calderon IMP , Feitosa Francisco , Leite Debora F , Rocha Filho Edilberto , Vettorazzi Janete , Mayrink Jussara , Fernandes Karayna G , Vieira Matias C , Pacagnella Rodolfo C , Cecatti Jose Guilherme
Published: May 2021

Objective

In Brazil, although the assessment of maternal nutritional status is recommended using body mass index (BMI), this is only possible in settings adequately prepared. Midupper arm circumference (MUAC) is another biological variable identified as a tool for rapid assessment of nutritional status that is correlated with BMI. Therefore, we aim to surrogate BMI by MUAC cut-offs for rapid screening of maternal nutritional status starting at midpregnancy.

Design

Analysis of the multicentre cohort study entitled ‘Preterm SAMBA’ using an approach of validation of diagnostic test.

Setting

Outpatient prenatal care clinics from five tertiary maternity hospitals from three different Brazilian regions.

Participants

1165 pregnant women attending prenatal care services from 2015 to 2018 and with diverse ethnic characteristics who were enrolled at midpregnancy and followed in three visits at different gestational weeks.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, likelihood ratio and accuracy of MUAC being used instead of BMI for the assessment of nutritional status of women during pregnancy.

Results

We found a strong correlation between MUAC and BMI, in the three set points analysed (r=0.872, 0.870 and 0.831, respectively). Based on BMI categories of nutritional status, we estimated the best MUAC cut-off points, finding measures according to each category: underweight <25.75 cm (19–39 weeks); overweight 28.11–30.15 cm (19–21 weeks), 28.71–30.60 cm (27–29 weeks) and 29.46–30.25 cm (37–39 weeks); and obese >30.15 cm (19–21 weeks), >30.60 cm (27–29 weeks) and >30.25 cm (37–39 weeks) per gestational week. Therefore, we defined as adequate between 25.75–28.10 cm (19–21 weeks), 25.75–28.70 cm (27–29 weeks) and 25.75–29.45 cm (37–39 weeks) of MUAC.

Conclusion

We conclude that MUAC can be useful as a surrogate for BMI as a faster screening of nutritional status in pregnant women.
Renal replacement treatment initiation with twice-weekly versus
thrice-weekly haemodialysis in patients with incident dialysis-dependent
kidney disease: rationale and design of the TWOPLUS pilot clinical
trial
Authors: Murea Mariana , Moossavi Shahriar , Fletcher Alison J , Jones Deanna N , Sheikh Hiba I , Russell Gregory , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar
Published: May 2021

Introduction

The optimal haemodialysis (HD) prescription—frequency and dose—for
patients with incident dialysis-dependent kidney disease (DDKD) and
substantial residual kidney function (RKF)—that is, renal urea clearance
≥2 mL/min/1.73 m2 and urine volume ≥500 mL/day—is
not known. The aim of the present study is to test the feasibility and
safety of a simple, reliable prescription of incremental HD in patients
with incident DDKD and RKF.

Methods and analysis

This parallel-group, open-label randomised pilot trial will enrol 50
patients from 14 outpatient dialysis units. Participants will be
randomised (1:1) to receive twice-weekly HD with adjuvant
pharmacological therapy for 6 weeks followed by thrice-weekly HD
(incremental HD group) or outright thrice-weekly HD (standard HD group).
Age ≥18 years, chronic kidney disease progressing to DDKD and urine
output ≥500 mL/day are key inclusion criteria; patients with left
ventricular ejection fraction <30% and acute kidney injury requiring
dialysis will be excluded. Adjuvant pharmacological therapy (ie,
effective diuretic regimen, patiromer and sodium bicarbonate) will
complement twice-weekly HD. The primary feasibility end points are
recruitment rate, adherence to the assigned HD regimen, adherence to
serial timed urine collections and treatment contamination. Incidence
rate of clinically significant volume overload and metabolic imbalances
in the first 3 months after randomisation will be used to assess
intervention safety.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review
Board of Wake Forest School of Medicine in North Carolina, USA. Patient
recruitment began on 14 June 2019, was paused between 13 March 2020 and
31 May 2020 due to COVID-19 pandemic, resumed on 01 June 2020 and will
last until the required sample size has been attained. Participants will
be followed in usual care fashion for a minimum of 6 months from last
individual enrolled. All regulations and measures of ethics and
confidentiality are handled in accordance with the Declaration of
Helsinki.

Trial registration number

NCT03740048; Pre-results.
RNA helicase DDX5 enables STAT1 mRNA translation and interferon signalling in hepatitis B virus replicating hepatocytes
Authors: Sun Jiazeng , Wu Guanhui , Pastor Florentin , Rahman Naimur , Wang Wen-Hung , Zhang Zhengtao , MERLE Philippe , Hui Lijian , Salvetti Anna , Durantel David , Yang Danzhou , Andrisani Ourania
Published: May 2021

Objective

RNA helicase DDX5 is downregulated during HBV replication and poor prognosis HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The objective of this study is to investigate the role of DDX5 in interferon (IFN) signalling. We provide evidence of a novel mechanism involving DDX5 that enables translation of transcription factor STAT1 mediating the IFN response.

Design and results

Molecular, pharmacological and biophysical assays were used together with cellular models of HBV replication, HCC cell lines and liver tumours. We demonstrate that DDX5 regulates STAT1 mRNA translation by resolving a G-quadruplex (rG4) RNA structure, proximal to the 5′ end of STAT1 5′UTR. We employed luciferase reporter assays comparing wild type (WT) versus mutant rG4 sequence, rG4-stabilising compounds, CRISPR/Cas9 editing of the STAT1-rG4 sequence and circular dichroism determination of the rG4 structure. STAT1-rG4 edited cell lines were resistant to the effect of rG4-stabilising compounds in response to IFN-α, while HCC cell lines expressing low DDX5 exhibited reduced IFN response. Ribonucleoprotein and electrophoretic mobility assays demonstrated direct and selective binding of RNA helicase-active DDX5 to the WT STAT1-rG4 sequence. Immunohistochemistry of normal liver and liver tumours demonstrated that absence of DDX5 corresponded to absence of STAT1. Significantly, knockdown of DDX5 in HBV infected HepaRG cells reduced the anti-viral effect of IFN-α.

Conclusion

RNA helicase DDX5 resolves a G-quadruplex structure in 5′UTR of STAT1 mRNA, enabling STAT1 translation. We propose that DDX5 is a key regulator of the dynamic range of IFN response during innate immunity and adjuvant IFN-α therapy.
Refined Mathematical Models for Across-Wind Loads of Rectangular Tall Buildings with Aerodynamic Modifications
Authors: Li Yi , Li Chao , Li Qiu-Sheng , Li Yong-Gui , Chen Fu-Bin
Published: May 2021

This paper aims to systematically study the across-wind loads of rectangular-shaped tall buildings with aerodynamic modifications and propose refined mathematic models accordingly. This study takes the CAARC (Commonwealth Advisory Aeronautical Research Council) standard tall building as a benchmark model and conducts a series of pressure measurements on the benchmark model and four CAARC models with different round corner rates (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) in a boundary layer wind tunnel to investigate the across-wind dynamic loads of the typical tall building with different corner modifications. Based on the experimental results of the five models, base moment coefficients, power spectral densities and vertical correlation coefficients of the across-wind loads are compared and discussed. The analyzed results shown that the across-wind aerodynamic performance of the tall buildings can be effectively improved as the rounded corner rate increases. Taking the corner round rate and terrain category as two basic variables, empirical formulas for estimating the across-wind dynamic loads of CAARC standard tall buildings with various rounded corners are proposed on the basis of the wind tunnel testing results. The accuracy and applicability of the proposed formulas are verified by comparisons between the empirical formulas and the experimental results.
Concurrent Ring Finger Middle Phalanx Fracture and Jersey Finger in a Rugby Player
Authors: Putnam Jill G. , Yao Jeffrey
Published: May 2021

Avulsions of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendon and phalanx fractures are both common injuries for rugby players, but these concurrent injuries in the same finger have not been previously described. This case describes a 20-year-old female rugby player who sustained a right ring finger comminuted, mildly displaced middle phalanx fracture. The patient was evaluated by a hand surgeon 3 weeks after the injury, and non-operative management with a splint was elected. One week later, upon further examination, the patient demonstrated persistent inability to flex the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) of the ring finger. Ultrasound was inconclusive but an MRI demonstrated avulsion of the FDP tendon from the distal phalanx, consistent with a jersey finger injury. The patient subsequently underwent open repair of the FDP tendon. This case illustrates the importance of careful physical exam and index of suspicion for coexisting injuries.
Numerical modeling of laser powder bed fusion of metallic glasses: Prediction of crystallization
Authors: Han Yicheng , Wang Lu , Liu Ke , Yan Wentao
Published: May 2021

Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is promising for producing metallic glasses (MGs) for its extremely high cooling rate and ability to manufacture complex geometrical components. However, the crystallization of MGs under different L-PBF parameters is not fully investigated, which has influences on the mechanical properties. In this study, we develop a multi-physics thermal-fluid flow model for the L-PBF process of MGs, run simulation cases for single tracks, and then analyze the molten pool morphology and crystallization behavior in the center and edge of the track, as well as the heat affected zone. The simulation results are validated against the experimental results in the literature and have provided deeper insight into the crystallization phenomenon observed in the experiments.
A Rare Cause of Young Stroke: What Rheumatologists Should Know about Fabry Disease
Authors: Huang Xiaoyan , Zhang Lijun , Huang Jinxian , Cai Jifu
Published: May 2021

Systemic vasculitis is a category of autoinflammatory diseases usually involving multiple organs. Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) may mimic other disorders, hence resulting in overdiagnosis. This is a case report of a young man who presented with acrodynia, episodic pyrexia, and recurrent strokes. He was treated for systemic vasculitis with glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants, which failed to prevent the stroke. Finally, Fabry disease was diagnosed after [Formula: see text]-galactosidase A gene mutation analysis was done. Rheumatologists should be aware of Fabry disease, which may present with multi-system involvement that mimics vasculitis. To avoid inappropriate treatment, a comprehensive differential diagnosis should be considered before a diagnosis of primary systemic vasculitis is made. Recurrent strokes, especially in males younger than 40, should raise suspicions of Fabry disease.
Let the algorithm decide?
Authors: Edwards Chris
Published: May 2021

Algorithms fail their first test to replace student exams.
Differential responses of resistance arterioles to elevated intraluminal pressure in blacks and whites
Authors: Sabbahi Ahmad , Ellythy Assem , Hwang Chueh-Lung , Phillips Shane A.
Published: May 2021

Microvascular function regulates blood pressure and may contribute to racial differences in the incidence and prevalence of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Here, we show that using an ex vivo model of resistance arterioles isolated from human gluteal fat tissue, flow-induced dilation is not different between black and white participants. However, when exposed to transient increases in intraluminal pressure, the flow-induced dilation in resistance arterioles from black participants demonstrated greater reductions relative to their white counterparts, indicating a higher sensitivity to pressure change in the microvasculature.
Synergetic Effect between Phenolic Extracts of Ammi visnaga and Zea mays Formulation on the Corrosion of Mild Steel in 1 M HCl Solution
Authors: Aourabi Sarra , Driouch Majid , Kadiri Mariya , Achnine Noura , Sfaira Mouhcine , Mahjoubi Fatima
Published: May 2021

The synergetic effects between hydroethanolic extracts of A. visnaga HE (AV) and Z. mays hairs HE (ZM) on corrosion of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution was investigated at 298 K by two techniques: potentiodynamic polarization (PP) methods (Tafel and Stern & Geary) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The mixture of HE (AV)/HE (ZM) acted as an efficient corrosion inhibitor and its inhibition efficiency increased with concentration up to 96.55% at 0.01 gL−1 HE (AV)/0.2 gL−1 HE (ZM). The polarization curves revealed that the mixture acted as a mixed-type inhibitor, with anodic predominant action. The EIS studies were fitted by the (Rs + CPEdl)/(Rct + CPEf/Rf) equivalent circuit model. The kinetic parameters were in favor of a physisorption character of adsorption of HE (AV)/HE (ZM) components onto the mild steel surface. The influence of exposure time on the efficiency of mixture extract was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX) analyses confirmed the formation of a protective adsorbed film upon the mild steel surface.
Cyclic
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Authors: Bakr Sahar Mohamed Ali Abou
Published: May 2021

This paper introduces novel concepts of joint

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-weak nonexpansive mappings. The results of this research paper extend and generalize some fixed point theorems previously proved via the attached references.
Pixel-Wise Classification in Hippocampus Histological Images
Authors: Vizcaíno Alfonso , Sánchez-Cruz Hermilo , Sossa Humberto , Quintanar J. Luis
Published: May 2021

This paper presents a method for pixel-wise classification applied for the first time on hippocampus histological images. The goal is achieved by representing pixels in a 14-D vector, composed of grey-level information and moment invariants. Then, several popular machine learning models are used to categorize them, and multiple metrics are computed to evaluate the performance of the different models. The multilayer perceptron, random forest, support vector machine, and radial basis function networks were compared, achieving the multilayer perceptron model the highest result on accuracy metric, AUC, and

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score with highly satisfactory results for substituting a manual classification task, due to an expert opinion in the hippocampus histological images.
Power Control Algorithm Based on a Cooperative Game in User‐Centric Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Group
Authors: Zhang Yuexia , Zhang Pengfei
Published: May 2021

The quality of service (QoS) of a user in user‐centric unmanned aerial vehicle group (UUAVG) is degraded by complex cochannel interference; hence, a cooperative game power control (CGPC) algorithm in UUAVG is proposed. The algorithm helps to establish a downlink power control model of the UUAVG, construct a product of the signal to interference noise ratio function of each user as a utility function of the cooperative game, and deduce the optimal power control scheme using the Lagrange function. This scheme reduces the interference of the service unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to edge users and improves the communication quality of all the users as well as the throughput of the entire system. Simulation results show that the average throughput of the CGPC algorithm improved by 10.32% compared with the traditional Stackelberg Game based Nonunified Pricing Power Control (SGNPPC) algorithm. This shows that the CGPC algorithm can effectively reduce the transmission power of the cooperative UAV and enhance the capacity of the entire system, ensuring communication quality.
Intelligent Sports Training System Based on Artificial Intelligence and Big Data
Authors: Li Chunguang , Cui Jianbiao
Published: May 2021

All activities in training fields are for the improvement of athletes’ competitive abilities. A sports training system is an organizational system to achieve common goals. Competitive ability is one of the main manifestations of the evolution of the training system. With the rapid development of computer technology, people have begun to combine virtual reality and other technologies to achieve scientific sports-assisted training to eliminate traditional sports training that relied purely on experience. Pose estimation obtains the position, angle, and additional information about the human body in the image in a two-dimensional plane or three-dimensional space by establishing the mapping relationship between the human body features and the human body posture. This article demonstrates a golf-assisted training system to realize the transformation from an experience-based sports training method to a human motion analysis method, using artificial intelligence and big data. The swing posture parameters of the trainer and the coach are obtained using the posture estimation of a human body. Based on this information, an auxiliary training system is built. The two parameters of the joint angle trajectory and the posture similarity are used as auxiliary indicators to compare the trainers. The joint angle trajectory is analyzed, and the coach is guided based on the similarity of the posture.
Broad Autism Phenotype Traits in Parents of Children with Language Impairments: A Comparative Study
Authors: Kiruthika D. Lavanya , Tiwari Shivani
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The broad autism phenotype (BAP) comprises milder language and cognitive deficits seen in the nonautistic relatives of individuals with autism. BAP represents the range of individuals with a higher number of these characteristics than average but a lower number than would point to a diagnosis of autism. The Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ) is one of the efficient and reliable tools to explore and measure BAP traits, namely, aloofness, pragmatic language, and rigid personality, which represent a few of the diagnostic features of autism. Against the background of positive familial history and common causes across the developmental disorders, this study aimed to compare BAP traits in the parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), specific language impairment (SLI), and social communication disorder (SCD) by means of the BAPQ. Methods: A total of 120 parents (60 mothers and 60 fathers) of children with ASD, SCD, and SLI participated in the study. All mothers filled in the self-report version and fathers filled in the informant version of BAPQ simultaneously in the communication intervention setting. Results: Obtained data was analyzed with the t test and ANOVA to compare self-ratings, informant ratings, and BAPQ scores across groups. The results of the study revealed no statistically significant difference for the overall BAPQ scores (except on the Pragmatic Language subscale). Furthermore, mothers in all 3 groups presented with BAP traits, with pragmatic language deficits being common. These observations point towards an overlap of BAP traits in the mothers of children with language disorders. Conclusion: These findings indicate the value of a detailed assessment of BAP in parents of children with developmental disorders.
Sleep Duration and Its Associations with Mortality and Quality of Life in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Results from the 2007–2015 KNAHNES
Authors: Kim So Jeong , Kwak Nakwon , Choi Sun Mi , Lee Jinwoo , Park Young Sik , Lee Chang-Hoon , Lee Sang-Min , Yoo Chul-Gyu , Cho Jaeyoung
Published: May 2021

Background: While extreme sleep duration negatively affects mortality and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in general populations, the relationship remains uncertain in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Objectives: To evaluate the association between sleep duration and mortality and HRQOL in patients with COPD. Methods: We analyzed 3,349 participants with COPD enrolled in the 2007–2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Participants aged 40 years or older with a smoking history and prebronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) <0.7 were eligible. The participants were categorized as short sleepers (<6 h), 6–8 h, and long sleepers (>8) according to self-reported sleep duration. The outcome variables were all-cause mortality and HRQOL. HRQOL was measured using the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) index. Results: During a median of 6.5 years, 386 (11.5%) participants died. In unadjusted Cox regression analysis, short sleepers with COPD had an increased risk of death (hazard ratio, 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–1.71). However, this association was not significant after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, BMI, FEV1, and comorbidities. In unadjusted and adjusted multiple linear regression, short sleepers had significantly worse HRQOL. The adjusted means of the EQ-5D index were 0.88 (95% CI: 0.87–0.89) for short sleepers, 0.90 (95% CI: 0.90–0.91) for 6- to 8-h sleepers, and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.87–0.91) for long sleepers (p = 0.01). Conclusions: In patients with COPD, sleep duration was not associated with all-cause mortality. However, short sleep duration was significantly associated with worse HRQOL.
Design and analysis of microstrip antenna with zig-zag feeder for wireless communication applications
Authors: Farhan Malik Jasim , Jassim Ali Khalid
Published: May 2021

This paper is presented a microstrip antenna with a zig-zag feeder for wireless communication, it has a wideband frequency spectrum (2-14) GHz. The proposed antenna is designed with a zig zag feed line which gave a wideband frequency and acceptable gain (7.448-5.928) dB, this antenna has zig zag slots printed in the ground plane on a lower side of the dielectric substrate, a certain form tuning stub is used to increase the matching between the feeder in the top layer of the substrate and ground plane in the bottom, this stub has an elliptical slot to performance matching input impedance with the feed line. The feeding technique used to feed this antenna is a strip feed line of 50 Ω. Different types of techniques are used to enhance the bandwidth of this antenna to get a wideband suitable for the requirements of the UWB antenna such as adjust the feed point position of the feed line with a tuning stub. All the radiation properties of the presented antenna are tested such as bandwidth, radiation pattern, and, gain.
Giving more insight for automatic risk prediction during pregnancy with interpretable machine learning
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Basuki Setio , Azhar Yufis
Published: May 2021

Maternal mortality rate (MMR) in Indonesia intercensal population survey (SUPAS) was considered high. For pregnancy risk detection, the public health center (puskesmas) applies a Poedji Rochjati screening card (KSPR) demonstrating 20 features. In addition to KSPR, pregnancy risk monitoring has been assisted with a pregnancy control card. Because of the differences in the number of features between the two control cards, it is necessary to make agreements between them. Our objectives are determining the most influential features, exploring the links among features on the KSPR and pregnancy control cards, and building a machine learning model for predicting pregnancy risk. For the first objective, we use correlation-based feature selection (CFS) and C5.0 algorithm. The next objective was answered by the union operation in the features produced by the two techniques. By performing the machine learning experiment on these features, the accuracy of the XGBoost algorithm demonstrated the hightest results of 94% followed by random forest, Naïve Bayes, and k-Nearest neighbor algorithms, 87%, 66%, and 60% respectively. Interpretability aspects are implemented with SHAP and LIME to provide more insight for classification model. In conclusion, the similarity feature generated in the two interpretation approaches confirmed that Cesar was dominant in determining pregnancy risk.
Implementing and designing a secure information system based on the DSSS gold sequence using MATLAB
Authors: Hassan Kaittan Kadhim , Mohammed Samir Jasim
Published: May 2021

During study of directly spread spectrum systems, noted that this system uses many types of code to spread data through communication process. There are different types of code sequences available with good correlation properties, they often use pesudo sequence for spreading which is to be less efficient in protecting information from the breaches that attack the communications systems from penetration. In this article gold sequence will use, which is consider better and more complex than the rest of the code sequence (pseudo-noise (PN) sequence, barker code, hadamard code, and others) in terms of the security aspect of the information, thereby it is difficult to detect the information sent in addition to that it is used in code-division multiple access. Design and implement difficult code to protect information in the communication system carried out here by using MATLAB, for sending a binary data and color photo to be sure that this system is working properly with few errors and better information protection than the rest of the other code that is used in direct sequence spread spectrum.
Design of an internet of things based real-time monitoring system for retired patients
Authors: Mach Vaclav , Adamek Milan , Sevcik Jiri , Valouch Jan , Barcova Karla
Published: May 2021

The main aim of this article is to design a monitoring center for collecting and evaluating the physiological function of retired patients in nursing homes. The system should be able to collect the information of body heat, heart rate, blood oxygen, orientation, and sleep time in the form of the little bracelet. The evaluating part of the system with the program can be placed into personal computer (PC) which can provide a user-friendly interface and easy managing. The program can display all needed information of the patient from previous days or months in the form of the graphs and the nursing person can have the view of the patient´s physiological health. The evaluation and the collection of the data from each patient are done only on the card and the computer is only a device for live-view and managing. In case of the power failure, the monitoring system will be still operating normally due to the uninterruptible power supply (UPS) in the form of the battery. It means that the system will operate even if the PC is powered off. The system also has several external communication interfaces like wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi), ethernet, and general packet radio service (GPRS) which provides an external connection.