bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Critical Review on Antiurolithiatic Activity of Bioactive Phytoconstituents
Authors: Anand Dheepa , R Chandrasekar , B Sivagami
Published: May 2021

New drugs are introduced in the market every year and new diseases are emerging every year and there is no cure for existing diseases. Though new drugs are being approved by the FDA every year, controlling emerging infections is a global concern. Due to increased side effects and toxicity the modern world is turning towards herbal medicine. Due to few reasons like global warming, food habits and modern life style disease like Urolithiasis places a significant economic burden on the healthcare system, especially in developed and developing countries where, owing to changes in food habits and lifestyle, the prevalence of stone disease has significantly increased over the last few decades; unfortunately, it will probably continue to increase for a number of reasons. Despite considerable improvements in the development of new herbal therapies for the management of urinary stones, the incidence of urolithiasis is increasing worldwide. However, it is evident that crystal retention, cell apoptosis, renal cell injury, and associated stone promoters or inhibitors play important roles for kidney stone formation. In addition, the identification of novel phytoconstituents on the basis of molecular and cellular alterations in relation to stone formation will help develop better herbal remedies. Moreover, better understanding of the mechanisms of urolithiasis associated with stone inhibitors or promoters will be critical for stone-removing medications. This review encompasses different medicinal plants, polyherbal formulations and phytoconstituents used in the treatment of Kidney stones. More interdisciplinary research is needed to develop new plant-derived high-quality natural products to treat and prevent the formation of kidney stones.
Review Paper on Ayush System of Medicine against COVID-19
Authors: Rahate Snehal Kishor , Bokand Mayur Rajendra , Bombale Mayur Ramhari , Siddheshwar Suhas Shivaji
Published: May 2021

Coronaviruses got their name due to its structural look which was observed under a microscope. The virus consists of a core of genetic material surrounded by an envelope with protein spikes. This gives it the appearance of a crown. The word Corona means “crown” in Latin. Ayush is the aronym of the medical systems that are being practiced in India such as Ayurveda, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. These systems are based on definite medicinal philosophies and represent a way of healthy living with established concepts on prevention of diseases and promotion of health. To overcome the coronavirus, Ayush system of medicine has contributed a huge role. Ayush system of medicine has proved beneficial results. Ayush system of medicine has shown great results with less side-effects than allopathy medicine.Ayush system of medicine has introduced kadha and arsenium album-30 against the corona pandemic disease. Corona kadha includes the ingredients such as elaichi,turmeric,cloves,black peppercorns,honey, jaggery,munakka,tulsi,cinnamon,etc which act as immunity boosters which boosts the immunity.Immunity helps to fight against the covid-19.Mechanism of kadha is immunity boosting.Arsenium album proved to be a immuno booster pill and reduces inflammation in lungs and restlessness during cold. It was largely used during a covid-19 pandemic as immunity booster used to treat diarhhoea. its water shown property on leukocytes used to treat mucosal inflammation,it also onced used to treat syphilis to treat cold flu etc. Kadha prevent fever and common infections.
Prediction of Performance of Rotary Bottom Hole Assembly For Directional Well
Authors: AL-Jawad Dr.Mohammed S. , Dabaj Dr.A.A.AL- , Abdul Hussien Hassan Abdul Hadi
Published: May 2021

A finite element model was constructed to predict inclination tendency for multistabilizer rotary BHA in three dimensions, static condition. The bottom hole assembly was idealized with beam element capable of resisting axial forces, bending moments about the two principal axes, and twisting moments about its centroidal axis. Bit and stabilizer were treated as contact point and restricted from movement in all directions. Each element is loaded with gravity and normal contact forces.

          Model validation showed closer agreement between the model and Jiazhi's method (analytic) for slick, single, and two stabilizers BHA, compared to Akgun results. Predictions with finite element model showed that for building assembly, the weight on bit had small effect on bit side force especially in high angle wells. Also inclination tendency (building, dropping) would depend on position of the stabilizer, diameter of drillcollar behind the bit, and number of stabilizers.
An Optimum Bits Selection for a Southern Iraqi Oil Field Located in Basra Region by Depending a New Algorithm
Authors: Naser Manar Ahmed
Published: May 2021

Even drill bits cost are about 3-5% of the total drilling budget, but bits performance affects as much as 60% of the drilling cost[1] that would explain the necessity of continuous studying and developing this tool to improve drilling performance. Unfortunately, most of Iraqi oil fields managed by states companies does not give the proper attention for bits optimization issues, that would cause insufficient bits used to drill a certain formation due to the absence of a serious dealing with formation hardness and other bit selection criteria while designing, or making bits purchases contracts, or they would satisfy by a minimum rates of penetration.

Unfortunately, the bit selection issue is matched the optimum selection for the drilling parameters issue, it is a matter of tri and error [2].

In this study, a southern Iraqi oil field located in Basra region have been selected to optimize the bits used to drill its wells.

Summarizations of bits selection methods have been reviewed, advantages and disadvantages of possibility to applicant those methods in Basra regions have been introduced. A proper algorithm for selecting bits in Iraq was also presented. An economic evaluation for a different bit type's strategies used to drill holes of Mishrif wells in Basra oil fields region also discussed.

This study improve that using bits holding the IADC code 425, M322 PDC bit with 6th blades and 16mm cutter size and M323 PDC bit with 5th blades and 6mm cutter size are the optimum selection to drill the surface, intermediate, and production holes consequently.

This study is applicable to all Iraqi oil fields and especially for Basra region oil fields due to its large analogous on the lithology column and the drilling problems may combined the drilling operations among the different oil fields in this area.
Effect of Different Operating Conditions on the Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Oxygenated Sodium Sulphate Solution
Authors: Hasan Basim O. , Sadek Sara A.
Published: May 2021

Carbon steel is a major metal used in manufacturing of the equipments used in petroleum industry and it is subject to different operating conditions causing various corrosion attacks. Corrosion of carbon steel in sodium sulphate solution (Na2SO4) under flow conditions was investigated using rotating cylinder electrode (RCE) for a range of rotation velocity (0 – 2000 rpm) and temperatures (32 - 52 oC). The corrosion rate  was determined by using both weight loss method and electrochemical polarization technique (limiting current density). Different salt concentrations were investigated ranged from 0.01 to 0.4 M. The effect of time (or corrosion product formation) and the effect of oxygen concentration through air bubbling in the solution were also investigated and discussed. The results showed that increasing  rotational velocity leads to a considerable increase in the corrosion rate represented by limiting current density. The corrosion rate had unstable trend with salt concentrations and temperature. Generally, the corrosion rate decreased appreciably with time due to the formation of corrosion product layer depending on rotational velocity, temperature, and oxygen concentration. It was found that, air pumping through the salt solution leads to a considerable increase in the limiting current density (iL) depending on rotational velocity, temperature, and time.
Pressure Changes in Pipe Transporting Mixture of Iraqi Crude Oils (Gathering System)
Authors: Abdul-Ameer Maha R. , Daway Mohammed M.
Published: May 2021

A study has been done to represent the pressure changes along gathering system in pipelines transporting Iraqi's crude oils; the study is divided into four parts. The first part represents the calculations of pressure drop in pipelines transporting petroleum fluid from the well head to a gathering point. In this part, there is a two-phase flow (gas and liquid). The calculations of pressure change in this part depends upon determination of some properties such as liquid and gas density, liquid and gas viscosity, liquid hold up and friction factor.

Determining the liquid hold up and then pressure drop are achieved using two methods, the first method is modified Beggs and Brill correlation, depending on three assumed flow patterns. The second is Aziz et al. correlation, depending on three flow patterns also but are different to that of modified Beggs and Brill. While a method of Colebrook used in determination of two-phase friction factor. The results of two-phase flow calculations show that modified Beggs and Brill correlation (having error of 0.26%) better than Aziz et al. correlation (having error of 0.55%).

In the second part there are calculations of pressure change in liquid flow in a pipeline from the gathering point to the first stage of separators. In this part Colebrook correlation is used to determine the friction factor, Brill and Mukherjee method is used for calculation of pressure change.

Mukherjee and Brill method gave good results with respect to the pressure drop of flow in the axial pipeline after the gathering point of the actual field data. The third part deals with the networking in pipelines, types of gathering systems presented and discussed, the calculations of pressure change in a simple gathering system is studied. The fourth part discusses optimization techniques; Constrained Rosenbrock is used to find optimum pressure which gives favorable oil properties. They have been achieved with some assumptions; they are:

Minimum Produced gas oil ratio.

Minimum formation volume factor.

Maximum API gravity.

Finally, two computer programs are developed. Each program performs all the calculations of the four parts. The first program is developed using FORTRAN language, while the second is developed using Visual Basic language.
Effect of surfactauts on gas hold-up in baffed column reactor
Authors: Jabir Atheel Khairi
Published: May 2021

The present work aims to study the performance of Baffled bubble Column Reactoron homogeneous flow regime .Experiments were carried out to investigate the effecta surface active agent (type and concentration ) on Gas Hold-Up in Baffled bubbleColumn Reactor on with the border range of superficial gas velocity (0.001 -0.039m/s). Ethanol and hexanol were used as surfactants in the present work. Also threetypes of baffles: perforated, circular and fin baffle were used. The results show that thegas hold up increases with increasing the concentration of the surfactants. The highestvalues of gas hold up were recorded in the presence of perforated baffle with 30% ofethanol-water and hexanol-water mixture.
A Study of the Dynamics and Control of the Model IV Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Process
Authors: Aqar Dhia Yasser
Published: May 2021

Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is one of the most important chemical units in oil refineries due to its economic benefits. This research work concentrates on improving the control system of the Model IV FCC unit where dynamic modeling and the controllability based on the McFarlane et al. (1993) model. Different open-loop tests were carried out in the wash oil flow rate (F1) and the furnace fuel flow rate (F5) to find the FCC models using Sundaresan and Krishnaswamy (S&K) and fraction incomplete response (FIR) methods. The riser temperature (Tr) and the regenerator bed temperature (Tg) were chosen as the control variables while (F1 and F5) were selected as the corresponding manipulated variables based on the relative gain array (RGA).  PI controller tuning parameters were evaluated using the internal model control (IMC) method and different closed-loop control responses were examined for both set point tracking and disturbance rejection changes. Additional adjustments to the IMC filter constant were employed to further improve the closed loop responses for the system.
Undersaturated Oil Compressibility Prediction for Mishrif Reservoir in the Southern Iraqi Oil Fields Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Fakher Emad A. , Baker Dr.  Hussain A. , Al-Shamma'a Dunia
Published: May 2021

Coefficient of Isothermal oil compressibility is required in transient fluid flow problems, extension of fluid properties from values at the bubble point pressure to higher pressures of interest and in material balance calculations [1, 2]. Coefficient of Isothermal oil compressibility is a measure of the fractional change in volume as pressure is changed at constant temperature [3]. Coefficients of isothermal oil compressibility are usually obtained from reservoir fluid analysis. Reservoir fluid analysis is an expensive and time consuming operation that is not always available when the volumetric properties of reservoir fluids are needed. For this reason correlations have been developed and are being developed for predicting fluid properties including the coefficient of isothermal oil compressibility.

This paper presents an application of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) methods for estimation of isothermal oil compressibility for the Mishrif reservoir oils among of commonly available field data, according to the fact that this method is useful when relationships of parameters are too complicated. The method is proposed as a more effective prognostic tool than are currently available procedures.

In this study, back propagation (BPN) network was used to develop an ANN model to predict isothermal oil compressibility. A three layer feed-forward network has been selected which has the best correlation coefficient in testing the models. The new model of undersaturated oil compressibility in which the first layer consists of five neurons representing the input values of pressure above bubble point, solution gas oil ratio at bubble point, oil gravity API, reservoir temperature and gas specific gravity. The second (hidden) layer contains 12 neurons, and the third layer contains one neuron representing the output values of undersaturated oil compressibility. It was found that the new model estimate undersaturated oil compressibility for Mishrif reservoir crudes in the southern Iraqi oil fields much better than the published ones. The present model predicts undersaturated oil compressibility with an average absolute relative error of 3.86% for the testing data set.
Usage of Iraqi Surfactant Modified Zeolite for Treatment of Water Produced from Oil Production Processes.
Authors: Taher Muna B. , Abdul Latif Mohammed H. , Al- Saidy A. Amer W. , Al- Baldawi Mayadah N. , Abudi Weffa T. , Aouda Athman M. , Zgali Zainab A.
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to remove the oil from the produced water imported from Pai- Hassan field using akashat Iraqi natural zeolite after organic modification with cationic surfactant Hexadecyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (HDTMA) solutions as a numerical complication of critical micelles concentration (CMC) of HDTMA (1CMC, 3CMC, .to 13CMC) solutions. Measuring the Electrical Conductivity (EC) of supernatant, and FT-IR, XRD characterization of solid modified Na/HDTMA zeolite indicates that the optimum HDTMA concentration for zeolite modification is (11 CMC) at 65 C°, and the optimum zeolite weight at constant volume (30 ml) of surfactant solution is 2 g. zeolite. Also the removal % of oil from produced water at optimum conditions is 91%.
Synthesis of Local Demulsifiers and Evaluation in Iraqi Oil Fields
Authors: Kuraimid Zaidoun Kh. , Sharef Azhar A. , Ibraheem Buthaynaa Khalil , Jebur Huda Qasism , Hussin Sameer
Published: May 2021

De-emulsifiers are one of the important industrial additives used commonly in petroleum industry in order to separate the salt water from crude oil in wet crude oil fields of south oil company (S.O.C) in Iraqi fields.

In the present study, it has been prepared local demulsifies by synthesis Gemini surfactants bis (Quaternary ammonium salt). The local de-emulsifier was assessed in the laboratories of South Oil Company (S.O.C) Comparison with the results of commercial de-emulsifier (A), where the local material efficiency was higher than the important commercial (A) adopted in the S.O.C by bottle Test and later was produced (6) barrels of material prepared and evaluated in AL-SHAMIA Degassing station in Iraqi South Rumaila .

  Where, evaluated the local de-emulsifier in the fields and show the positive results, this describes the evaluation of field emulsifying the local material in this study with lost cost of preparation of a one barrel about 500$ in the time that the cost of one barrel of commercial de-emulsifier is 1000$.

   The assessment was in the conditions of commercial de-emulsifier, depending on the natural of Dehydrator and Desolater in addition of the effective Dose is 25ppm and by 100% separation efficiency in same fresh oil source.

   The efficiency of local de-emulsifier studied Varity of parameters like: Temperature and the time required to separation function of the Dose.

   The field evaluation conditions of local de-emulsifier were under control outside of the oils (fresh) of D2 (Desolater) of isolation units to examine all of the water and salt content of crude oil.
Permeability Estimation of Khasib Formation in Amara Oil Field from Well logs Data Using Multilinear Regression Technique and Empirical
Authors: Al-Baldawi Buraq Adnan.
Published: May 2021

Permeability is the property that permits the passage of fluids through the interconnected pores of a rock. It is one of the most important, most spatially variable, most uncertain, and  hence  least  predictable transport properties of porous formations. This paper represents a method to predict permeability of Khasib Formation in two wells (Am-1,Am-2) of Amara field using Multilinear regression (MLR) technique and various empirical models, such as Tixier’s, Timur’s and Coates and Dumanoir equations, are used to quantify permeability from well log calculations of porosity and irreducible water saturation. Measured porosity and permeability data from plugs of the available core intervals were used for validation of the predicated data from the logs. The calculated permeability values were compared with the laboratory measurements of core samples to those estimated from different empirical approaches, such as Tixier, Timur, Coates and Dumanoir models, as well as multilinear regression technique by using the statistical correlation coefficient (R2). The present study indicates that Multilinear regression (MLR) technique is the best method and the most validity to estimate permeability from well logs data.
Iraq Crude Oil Exports, Daily Rates of Production and Discharge of Crude Oil, Daily Rates of Achieved of Associated Gas Production, –July, August 2015
Authors: IRAQ Ministry of Oil / Oil Marketing Company
Published: May 2021

Table (1) Iraq Crude Oil Exports – August 2015

Table (2) Daily Rates of Production and Discharge of Crude Oil For July / 2015 (Thousand Barrels / day)

Table (3) Daily Rates of Achieved of Associated Gas Production For July / 2015 (Mqmq / day)

Table (4) Daily Rates For the Achieved of Associated Gas for July /2015

Table(5) Daily Rates of Dry Gas Production for July /2015 "Thousand MMScfd / Day)

Table (6) Daily Rates of Achieved of Production of Petroleum Products for July / 2015
Performance and Sensitivity analysis of Factors Affecting NOx Emissions from Hydrogen Fueled SI Engine
Authors: Sheet Eiman Ali Eh.
Published: May 2021

An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) sensitivity analysis using suitable MATLAB code onthe factors affecting oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) emissions of a hydrogen powered 4-stroke,water-cooled spark-ignition engine was conducted in this work. This was done usingspecialized engine performance and emission simulation software. The parameters studiedwere the engine speed, air-fuel equivalence ratio, spark plug location in addition to some othercombustion parameters like combustion duration, heat loss besides some other usefulperformance parameters. It was found that NOx formation is minimum at peripheral sparklocation, slightly lean (PHI=0.9), and less advance timing is needed. Further, based onANOVA analysis, the combination of engine speed and spark location has more significance(effect based on P-value) compared with engine speed and equivalence ratio. The combinationof engine speed and ignition timing has more significance (effect based on P-value) comparedwith engine speed and equivalence ratio. Also found that NOx emissions behavior is moreclear at lean mixture (PHI = 0.7), central spark location (XSP = 0.5) and retarded ignitiontiming (IGN near zero).
São Bento do Una - PE e suas variabilidades pluviais uma contribuição a crise hídrica na avicultura
Authors: Medeiros Raimundo Mainar
Published: May 2021

A precipitação é avaliada como fator relevante para o desenvolvimento de diversas atividades socioeconômicas e ambientais, se destacam as hidrelétricas, indústrias, agronegócios, agropecuária, avicultura, piscicultura e contribuição no aumento dos níveis de reservatórios para fins de abastecimento humano. A partir da avaliação das tendências climáticas da precipitação e por meio de indicativos da variabilidade climática e de possíveis efeitos das mudanças climáticas globais a nível local na área municipal de São Bento do Una é possível quantificar suas variabilidades extremas futuras diagnosticando suas variações e fornecer subsídios aos tomadores de decisões nos setores avícolas, socioambientais e socioeconômicos. Utilizaram-se dados diários de precipitação no período de 1920 a 2016, fornecidos pela Agencia pernambucana de água e clima, e o software Climap para analisar a tendência da precipitação e os índices de extremos climáticos, aplicou-se o teste sequencial de Mann-Kendall visando verificar o ano em que as tendências pluviais iniciarem-se. As variabilidades trimestrais da chuva utilizadas neste estudo mostraram comportamento insatisfatório na caracterização do regime pluvial. O total anual da chuva apresentou alta variação espacial e temporal, com baixos índices pluviais no período de estação chuvosa.
Participatory analysis and evaluation of IPM practices against sucking pests of Bt cotton
Authors:   ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra- Panchmahals, Godhra-Vadodara Highway Vejalpur, Panchmahals, Gujarat, India, Khajuria Shakti , Rai A.K. , Khadda B.S. , Kumar Raj , Lata K.
Published: May 2021

Farmer’s participatory demonstrations were evaluated during kharif seasons of 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 at four villages of Panchmahal district, Gujarat to introduce IPM practice and to evaluate their effectiveness through demonstrations. Farmers identified several constraints of which, increased infestation of sucking insect pests viz., aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover), leaf hopper (Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida) and whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius) were the most important. IPM practice consisting of one spray application of Beauveria bassiana (2 x 108cfu) @ 4 g /l water, two spray applications of thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 0.01 per cent (0.4 g /l water) and one spray application of acephate 75 SP @ 0.075 per cent (1 g /l water) following threshold level (5 sucking pests /leaf) was found effective and economical for the management of sucking insect pests without any adverse effect on the natural enemies in Bt cotton. The application of this practice also resulted higher seed cotton yield as compared to farmers practice.
Impact of Krishi Vigyan Kendra on transferring knowledge to tribal farmers on improved animal husbandry practices
Authors:   ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra- Panchmahals, Godhra-Vadodara Highway Vejalpur, Panchmahals, Gujarat, India, Khadda B.S. , Lata K. , Kumar Raj , Khajuria S. , Rai A. K.
Published: May 2021

A study was conducted on the impact of KVK interventions on transferring knowledge to tribal farmers on improved animal husbandry practices in Panchmahal district of central Gujarat, to creating awareness regarding the efficient technologies through various efficient extension tools under the banner of ICAR- KVK, Panchmahal. A random sampling technique was applied to draw the samples of 120 farmers from eight villages of Kalol and Jambughoda Tehsil of Panchmahal district. Accordingly, strategies of technological intervention were made regularly during the period of study. In adopted villages, KVK, Panchmahal organized several activities like animal health camps, training programs, advisory services, and FLDs on different aspects of animal husbandry. The results of the study revealed that the means knowledge index and mean adoption index were recorded 39.24 and 93.81 and 77.24 and 25.43 percent, respectively for pre and after interventions. The impact of KVK interventions was found to be 53.19 percent over the existing knowledge and adoption by the trained farmers which were found to be substantial over the non-benefited tribal farmers on various aspects of animal husbandry after the intervention of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Panchmahal. Based on the study it may be concluded that the overall improvement in the knowledge of the tribal farmers with respect to the adoption of animal husbandry technologies would be possible through the demonstration of efficient technologies needed for healthy livestock rearing which had not only created awareness but also improved the knowledge and attitude of tribal farmers in relation to scientific animal husbandry practices.
Study the phenology, growth and reproductive behavior of Calendula officinalis
Authors:   Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India, Rani Kusum , Varshani UK ,   Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India, Kumar Mukesh ,   Regional Research Station, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Bawal (Rewari), Haryana, India, . Amarjeet ,   Regional Research Station, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Bawal (Rewari), Haryana, India
Published: May 2021

The experiment was conducted to study the phenology, growth, and reproductive behavior of Calendula officinalis under field conditions. Seeds were sown in the first week of December. In phenological studies, vegetative growth was undertaken up to March; flowering (anthesis) initiated simultaneously in the month of February and continued till mid-April; fruiting and seed maturation also occurred simultaneously from mid-April to early May and death/senescence was observed from early May onwards. Growth attributes viz., plant height, basal stem diameter, the number of leaves plant-1, leaf biomass, stem and branches biomass, flowers, and fruits biomass and root biomass studied increased with the advancement of growth stages (vegetative, flowering, and maturity stage) under field conditions. However, the root/ shoot ratio decreased with the advancement of the growth stage. Reproductive behavior such as number of flower heads plant-1, number of seeds head-1, seeds output (numbers per plant), seed yield (g/plant), germination of seeds produced, and reproductive capacity was observed as 51, 40.3, 2055.7, 6.1, 86.67, and 1783.02 at maturity stage in field conditions.
Effect of rice establishment methods and nutrient management practices on subsequent wheat crop grown under different establishment methods and nutrient management practices at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
Authors:   Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal, Dulal Puspa , Marahatta Santosh ,   Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
Published: May 2021

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of land management practices and residual effect of nutrient management practices of rice on the performance of subsequent wheat crop in the rice-wheat cropping system in Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during June 2018-March 2019. The experiment was executed in a split-plot, included two establishment methods viz. (i) conventional tilled dry direct-seeded rice followed by (fb) zero tillage wheat (CT-DDSR fb ZT) (ii) puddled transplanted rice followed by conventional tillage wheat (Pu-TPR fb CT) as main plot treatments, and four nutrient management practices: (i) 100% recommended dose (100% RDF; 150:45:45 and 80:60:40 kg N, P2O5, and K2O ha-1 respectively for rice and wheat), (ii) Residue retention @ 5 t ha-1 of wheat on rice fb residue of rice on wheat + 75% RDF of each crop (RR +75%RDF), (iii) Nutrient expert (NE) dose (140:56:53; 140:60:45 kg N, P2O5, and K2O ha-1 for rice and wheat respectively), (iv) Brown/green manuring of Sesbania in rice fb rice residue @ 3.5 t ha-1 in wheat +75% RDF of each crop (BM/GM fb R+75% RDF) as subplot treatments with three replications. The variety of wheat ‘Bijay’ was sown @120 kg ha-1 with spacing 20 cm × continuous. The data on phenology, yield, yield attributes, and economics were recorded and analyzed by R studio. The study revealed that none of the yield attributes and yield of wheat were significantly influenced by the establishment methods. Significantly more effective tillers (281.94 m-2) and grains per spike (44.48) and higher straw yield (5.95 t ha-1) were recorded under NE dose. The grain yield of wheat was 21% and 16% more under NE dose and BM/GM fb R+75% RDF respectively compared to 100% RDF. CT-DDSR fb ZT wheat had slightly less net returns (NRs. 4523 ha-1) than Pu-TPR fb CT-wheat. NE dose was the most profitable. Hence, rice establishment methods were indifferent but NE dose was the best nutrient management practice for better production and profitability for the wheat in the rice-wheat system.
Study of production performance of Uttara breed of chicken
Authors:   Department of Livestock Production Management, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G. B. Pant University of Agri. & Tech., Pantnagar-263 145, Uttarakhand, India, Singh Sushil , Kumar Anil , Singh D.V. , Sharma R.K.
Published: May 2021

Present study was conducted on Uttara chicken to evaluate the productive performance. Day Old Chicks (DOC) of which were obtained from hatchery Instructional Poultry Farm of G.B. P.U.A.T., Pantnagar. Weekly body weight was recorded from day old to 12 weeks of age and at the end of trial (i.e. after 12 weeks of age) three birds were randomly selected and slaughter for study of carcass traits parameters. It has been found that Uttara fowl under farm condition performed better in context of productive parameters viz. weight gain, dressing percentage, edible weight percentage, processing loss etc. These findings clearly revealed that Uttara chicken has genetic potential for further improvement and also suitable for backyard poultry farming in hilly areas of Uttarakhand.
Performance of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes in Sunsari district of Province no. 1 Nepal
Authors:   Jute Research Programm, Itahari, Sunsari, NARC, Nepal, Karki Sujan ,   Jute Research Programm, Itahari, Sunsari, NARC, Nepal, Gupta Binod ,   Jute Research Programm, Itahari, Sunsari, NARC, Nepal, Darai Rajendra ,   National Grain Legumes Research Program, Khajura, Banke, NARC, Nepal, Sharma Sabita ,   Directorate of Agricultural Research, Tarahara, Sunsari, NARC, Nepal, Vista Shree ,   National Soil Science Research Centre, NARC, Khumaltar
Published: May 2021

The present study was carried out to know the performance of growth, yield contributing characters, and reaction against insect pests and disease on chickpea genotypes at Jute Research Program, Itahari, Sunsari, Nepal. A total of twelve chickpea genotypes were sown in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and each replicate had 10 lines with an inter and intra row spacing of 40 cm and 10 cm respectively. It is of great interest to consider the per se performance of different genotypes on various characters of economic importance, particularly earliness, plant height, nodule number, pod number, seed diameter, 100 seed weight, seed yields, pest and disease incidence. The genotypes ICCV-87312 showed earlier in flowering and maturity while the genotypes KWR-108 and Tara showed the highest and lowest plant height respectively. Likewise, the yield and yield components of overall pooled mean performance of chickpea genotypes ICCV-840508-38 born the maximum pod number, seed diameter, hundred seed weight, and seed yields. With respect to pest incidence, genotype KWR-108 was found to be less susceptible while genotype Tara was found to be more susceptible against pest damage (pod damage). Similarly, the genotypes ICCV-87312 found to be less susceptible while genotypes ICCV-98937 were found to be more susceptible against fusarium wilt disease among the tested genotypes. On the basis of the mean performance of yield components and biotic stress components observed in the present study, the five genotypes viz., ICCV-840508-38, ICCV-98933, KPG-59, ICCV-87312, and KWR-108 were found to be superior genotypes. Therefore, farmers and chickpea producers around study areas and similar agro-ecologies can use those genotypes for chickpea production as well as these materials can be used for the further breeding programs too.
Hiệu quả cai thuốc lá của phương pháp tư vấn trực tiếp kết hợp tư vấn qua điện thoại ở bệnh nhân hô hấp nhập viện
Authors: Quyên Phạm Thị Lệ , Châu Ngô Quý , Bách Trần Xuân
Published: May 2021

Nghiên cứu nhằm xác định tỷ lệ cai thuốc lá bằng phương pháp tư vấn trực tiếp khi nằm viện và đánh giá hiệu quả cai thuốc lá bằng phương pháp tư vấn trực tiếp khi nằm viện kết hợp với tư vấn qua điện thoại sau khi ra viện ở bệnh nhân mắc một số bệnh phổi. Nghiên cứu can thiệp trên 143 bệnh nhân hút thuốc mắc một số bệnh phổi, nhập viện tại Trung tâm Hô hấp – Bệnh viện Bạch Mai từ 10/2017 đến 10/2020, Các bệnh nhân được phân ngẫu nhiên vào 2 nhóm: 73 bệnh nhân can thiệp cai thuốc lá thông thường và 70 bệnh nhân can thiệp tích cực. Kết quả tại thời điểm theo dõi 6 tháng, tỷ lệ cai thuốc (xác nhận bởi một người nhà sống cùng và đo nồng độ CO trong hơi thở ra) thời điểm 7 ngày, cai thuốc liên tục 1 tháng, 3 tháng, 6 tháng tương ứng là 65,75%; 65,75%; 64,38%; 46,58% ở nhóm can thiệp thông thường và 81,43%; 81,43%; 81,43% và 64,29% ở nhóm can thiệp tích cực. Bệnh nhân nhóm can thiệp tích cực có khả năng cai thuốc ở thời điểm theo dõi 3 tháng và 6 tháng cao hơn nhóm can thiệp thông thường OR, 95%CI lần lượt là 3,72 (1,56 - 8,85) và 2,45 (1,08 - 5,56).
Yếu tố nguy cơ thuyên tắc huyết khối tĩnh mạch trên bệnh nhân phẫu thuật phụ khoa Bệnh viện Bạch Mai năm 2018
Authors: Phương Nguyễn Thị Thu , Nha Phạm Bá , Hương Đinh Thị Thu
Published: May 2021

Thuyên tắc huyết khối tĩnh mạch bao gồm các rối loạn có đặc điểm là sự hiện diện của huyết khối trong tuần hoàn tĩnh mạch, gồm có huyết khối tĩnh mạch sâu và thuyên tắc phổi. Bệnh gặp không íttrong phẫu thuật kể cả phẫu thuật phụ khoa với nhiều yếu tố nguy cơ nhưng chưa được chú trọng cho đến khi xảy ra các biến cố, thậm chí tử vong. Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang thực hiện trên 331 bệnh nhân phẫu thuật phụ khoa tại Bệnh viện Bạch Mai từ tháng 1 đến tháng 12 năm 2018 nhằm mô tả một số yếu tố nguy cơ thuyên tắc huyết khối tĩnh mạch trên bệnh nhân phẫu thuật phụ khoa. Kết quả cho thấy, tỷ lệ mắc Thuyên tắc huyết khối tĩnh mạch trên bệnh nhân phẫu thuật phụ khoa chiếm 4,2%; Tuổi, bệnh lý ác tính và trải qua phẫu thuật lớn là các yếu tố nguy cơ liên quan chặt chẽ đến tỷ lệ mắc huyết khối tĩnh mạch trên bệnh nhân phẫu thuật phụ khoa (p < 0,05); 100% ca mắc đều có thời gian phẫu thuật trên 45 phút.
Đặc điểm lâm sàng và test kích thích thần kinh lặp lại ở bệnh nhân nhược cơ
Authors: Thơ Phạm Kiều Anh , Tùng Lê Đình , Bình Nguyễn Thanh
Published: May 2021

Nghiên cứu đặc điểm lâm sàng và test kích thích thần kinh lặp lại được thực hiện trên 30 bệnh nhân nhược cơ. Kết quả nghiên cứu ghi nhận: tuổi trung bình bệnh nhân là 48,57 tuổi, tỷ lệ nữ/nam là 2/1; có 7 bệnh nhân nhóm I (23,3%), 7 bệnh nhân nhóm IIa (23,3%), 7 bệnh nhân nhóm IIb (23,3%), 6 bệnh nhân nhóm IIIa (20%), 2 bệnh nhân nhóm IIIb (6,7%) và 1 bệnh nhân nhóm IVa (3,3%); 73,3% bệnh nhân có kháng thể AchRs dương tính, 20% bệnh nhân có u tuyến ức. Test kích thích thần kinh lặp lại dương tính ở 21 bệnh nhân chiếm 70%, tỷ lệ test kích thích thần kinh lặp lại dương tính ở bệnh nhân nhược cơ mắt đơn thuần là 42,9%, ở nhóm cơ chi và thân mình (nhóm a: IIa, IIIa, IVa) là 64,2%, ở nhóm cơ hô hấp và hầu họng (nhóm b: IIb, IIIb) là 100%. Nghiên cứu ghi nhận mối liên quan giữa kết quả bất thường trên test kích thích thần kinh lặp lại với kết quả xét nghiệm định lượng kháng thể kháng thụ thể acetylcholine (AChRs) (p = 0,0041).
BlockChain (BC) Upending Customer Experience: Promoting a New Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Structure Using Blockchain Technology (BCT)
Authors: Ghazaleh Mohamad Abu , Zabadi Abdelrahim M.
Published: May 2021

This study aims to explore the role of BC and its impact on CRM by suggesting an extended CRM on the basis of BC capabilities thru developing an analytic hierarchy planning-based framework to establish criteria weights developing a new self-assessment model to determine the most critical factors impacting the BC investment in CRM to enhance customer experience and to enable parties to work together in a trusted technology environment.

An analytical hierarchical process (AHP) approach was utilized to prioritize and weigh the factors affecting the BC investment in modern CRM in the service industry based on the extant literature and its interpretation. This approach resulted in a ranking of 19 sub-factors based on experienced customer service professionals and technologists’ evaluations. Findings revealed a significant insight into proposing a new generation of CRM based on BCT, focusing on using the powerful BC platform considering all factors influencing the BC investment in modern CRM from a business perspective. Understanding the new combination of BC and CRM can solve the challenges and dilemmas linked to the untrusted environment of handling CRM data in the information systems field. This study provides valuable information and critical analysis of BC regarding CRM integration. Directions for future research are also included.
Export Growth - Fuel Price Nexus in Developing Countries:Real or False Concern?
Authors: Kpodar Kangni , Fabrizio Stefania , Eklou Kodjovi
Published: May 2021

This paper investigates the impact of domestic fuel price increases on export growth in a sample of 77 developing countries over the period 2000-2014. Using a fixed-effect estimator and the local projection approach, we find that an increase in domestic gasoline or diesel price adversely affects real non-fuel export growth, with the impact phasing out within two years after the shock. The impact is mainly noticeable in countries with a high-energy dependency ratio and where access to electricity is limited. Further, large fuel price shocks do not seem to lead to disproportionately large changes in exports, suggesting that neither the gradualism nor the shock therapy approach in fuel subsidy reforms dominates. In countries where the export sector is vulnerable to fuel price shocks, appropriate mitigating measures should be designed to smooth the transition to higher fuel prices.
On the boundedness of a generalized fractional integral on generalized Morrey spaces
Authors: Eridani Eridani
Published: May 2021

In this paper we extend Nakai's result on the boundedness of a generalized fractional integral operator from a generalized Morrey space to another generalized Morrey or Campanato space.
The continued fraction expansion of Euler's constant
Authors: Czekalski Stefan
Published: May 2021

The paper presents the continued fraction expansion of $1-\gamma$ and $\zeta(n)$.
Existence of common fixed points via modified mann iteration in convex metric spaces and an invariant approximation result
Authors: Babu G.V.R. , Alemayehu G.N.
Published: May 2021

We prove the existence of common fixed points for two selfmaps $T$ and $f$ of a convex metric space $X$ via the convergence of modified Mann iteration where $T$ is a nonlinear $f$-weakly contractive selfmap of $X$ and range of $f$ is complete. An invariant approximation result is also proved.
Nonlocal Cauchy problem for nonlinear mixed integrodifferential equations
Authors: Tidke H. L. , Dhakne M. B.
Published: May 2021

The present paper investigates the existence and uniqueness of mild and strong solutions of a nonlinear mixed Volterra-Fredholm integrodifferential equation with nonlocal condition. The results obtained by using Schauder fixed point theorem and the theory of semigroups.
Univalence criteria for a nonlinear integral operator
Authors: Selvaraj C. , Selvakumaran K. A.
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this paper is to obtain univalence of a certain nonlinear integral transform of functions belonging to a subclass of analytic functions. We also give several interesting geometric properties of the integral transform.
Comparison of the Effect of Dexmedetomidine and Remifentanil on Pain Control After Spinal Surgery: A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Janatmakan Farahzad , Nassajian Nozar , Jarirahmadi Sara , Tabatabaee Kamalodin , Zafari Mohammad
Published: May 2021

Background: A variety of spinal surgery procedures are performed on patients with different cardiac, vascular, and respiratory comorbidities. Postoperative pain management is a major determinant of hemodynamic and respiratory status in these patients and promotes clinical results, prevents complications, saves health services, and improves the quality of life of patients. Objectives: We compared the effects of dexmedetomidine and remifentanil on pain control after spinal surgery. Methods: Sixty patients aged 18 - 65 years undergoing spinal surgery were randomized into the two groups of dexmedetomidine and remifentanil. The dexmedetomidine group (group D, n = 30) received dexmedetomidine infusion (0.6 mcg/kg/h), and the remifentanil group (group R, n = 30) received remifentanil infusion (0.1 mcg/kg/min) from induction of anesthesia until extubation. Propofol (1.5 mg/kg) and fentanyl (2mcg/kg) were used to initiate anesthesia, and propofol (100 - 150 mcg/kg/min) was infused to maintain anesthesia. Postoperative pain, hemodynamic parameters, and recovery characteristics were evaluated after surgery. Results: The mean pain intensity in the dexmedetomidine group was significantly lower than in the remifentanil group (2.98 ± 1.29 vs. 3.80 ± 1.1; P < 0.001). Hemodynamic changes in the dexmedetomidine group (MAP: 92.60 ± 5.56, HR: 73.07 ± 7) were less, and their condition was significantly more stable than in the remifentanil group (MAP: 93.85 ± 4.78, HR: 79.15 ± 7.03; P < 0.05). The mean arterial oxygen saturation (O2 sat) in the dexmedetomidine group was significantly higher and more stable than in the remifentanil group (98.87 ± 0.51 vs. 97.92 ± 0.46; P < 0.05). The incidence of nausea and vomiting was significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group compared to the remifentanil group (P < 0.05). The administration of analgesics in the post-anesthetic care unit (PACU) was significantly higher in the remifentanil group than the dexmedetomidine group (P = 0.016). Conclusions: Anesthetic maintenance with either dexmedetomidine or remifentanil infusion until extubation provided more smooth and hemodynamically stable conditions, without complications. However, dexmedetomidine provides better analgesia, causes a more stable hemodynamic state, and reduces postoperative nausea-vomiting, shivering, and the need for analgesics.
The Effect of Water Therapy and Jogging Exercises on the Health-Related Factors of Physical Fitness of Elderly Women
Authors: Taheri Morteza , Farzian Shakiba , Esmaeili Atefeh , Shabani Ebrahim
Published: May 2021

Objectives: The aim of this research was to study the effects of a course of water therapy and jogging on factors related to the physical fitness of elderly women. Methods: Semi experimental study was performed by pretest-posttest design in which elderly women over 60 (64.3 ± 2.5 years old) were randomly divided into 3 groups of water therapy exercises, jogging group (JG) and control group (CG). Factors related to physical fitness (lower limb muscle strength test, static balance, dynamic balance and physical flexibility) before and after interventional exercises. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test were applied to analyze the data. Results: It was shown that both water therapy exercises and jogging had a significant effect on static (P = 0.03), dynamic (P = 0.04), lower limb strength [P = 0.03 and (P = 0.01) for WTE and JG, respectively] and physical flexibility scores (P = 0.03), but there was no significant difference between the two experimental groups in all research variables (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusions: The use of water therapy and jogging exercises leads to improved static and dynamic balance, muscular strength of the lower extremities. Since improving the motor performance variables has a significant effect on preventing the falling of the elderly, it is recommended to use these exercises for the elderly.
Reciprocity as an Environmental Virtue
Authors: Geiser Nicholas ,   Center for Environmental Philosophy, The University of North Texas
Published: May 2021

Three recent developments in environmental ethics—interest in virtue and character, concern for psychological realism, and collective action required to address global ecological challenges—are in tension with one another. For example, virtue ethical approaches in environmental ethics face objections from “situationist” critique and the strategic dimensions of collective action. This article proposes a conception of reciprocity as a response to this challenge for environmental virtue ethics. Environmental ethics has been traditionally skeptical of reciprocity due to its associations with self-interest, instrumental rationality, and well-defined contractual interactions. However, reciprocity can also be understood as a moral disposition of social agents who wish to respond proportionately and fittingly to the benefits they receive from others. Reciprocity is a psychologically robust moral disposition appropriate to contexts of strategic interaction underlying a variety of conservation and common pool resource challenges. As an environmental virtue, reciprocity’s example demonstrates that environmental virtue ethics need not give up psychological realism or concern with collective action.
Who is left behind? The impact of place on the ability to follow Covid-19 restrictions
Authors:   Nordregio, Rut Sigurjónsdóttir Hjördís , Oliveira e Costa Sandra , Ström Hildestrand Åsa
Published: May 2021

While the Nordic countries have long been champions of equality, the Covid-19 pandemic has put a new light on structural injustices inherent in our societies. In Copenhagen, Oslo, Helsinki, Stockholm, and Malmö, districts with a high share of residents with an immigrant background and a low socio-economic status stand out with high infection and mortality rates of Covid-19. The pandemic thus reveals and reminds us about the serious effects of segregation and unequal living conditions on citizens’ health status and ability to cope with and survive a pandemic. This Extended summary is based on a quantitative and qualitative study aiming to identify structural barriers impacting residents’ ability to follow Covid-19 recommendations and guidelines, especially in low-income areas in major Nordic cities. Learning about these barriers - and effective measures taken to mitigate them - will help Nordic authorities and communities be better prepared for future challenges and crises.