bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From shops to bins: a case study of consumer attitudes and behaviours towards plastics in a UK coastal city
Authors: Northen Stephanie Lucy , Nieminen Laura Karoliina , Cunsolo Serena , Iorfa Steven Kator , Roberts Keiron Philip , Fletcher Stephen
Published: January 2023

Understanding the use behaviours of plastic items within households is important to enable informed policy development, particularly with the emerging and developing global plastic treaty. A survey of 400 permanent residents in Portsmouth aimed to identify the general trends in single-use plastic product (SUPP) use and disposal, and their personal motivations and barriers to reducing and recycling plastic. This included identifying common influencers of attitudes such as environmental values, situational characteristics, psychological factors and the individual demographic characteristics of residents. Key factors in consumer behaviour were found to be product availability, affordability and convenience. Often, less conveniently recycled plastics more frequently end up in landfill such as films, shopping bags and personal care items. The age of respondents was found to be the most significantly associated demographic with SUPP consumption, reuse and recycling behaviours. Other demographic variables such as a resident’s location within the city, income and vehicle ownership were potential drivers influencing individual attitudes and their incentives towards reducing and recycling their plastic waste. The findings from this study brought to light the importance of effective local plastic governance. This study also identified consumer perceptions and behaviours that could contribute to future holistic plastic policy recommendations.
Comparative study of supracervical hysterectomy between da Vinci SP® surgical system and conventional single-site laparoscopy for uterine fibroid: single center experiences
Authors: Lee Juhun , Hong Dae Gy
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to review the surgical outcomes of supracervical hysterectomy using the da Vinci SP® surgical system and conventional single-site laparoscopic surgery for uterine fibroids. This study included 79 patients who underwent supracervical hysterectomy with the da Vinci SP® surgical system and conventional single-site laparoscopy for uterine fibroid between June 2018 and April 2021. All the surgeries were performed by an experienced surgeon. Surgical outcomes and complications were reviewed in both groups. No significant difference was found between the two groups with regards to the patients’ preoperative surgical conditions such as weight of the uterus, history of pelvic surgery, and pelvic adhesion. A significantly longer operation time (p < 0.01) and higher levels of C-reactive protein (p < 0.01) were found in the robotic surgery group; in particular, the uterus-out time was significantly longer (p < 0.01). No significant differences were found in other surgical outcomes such as complication rates and hospital stays. Supracervical hysterectomy using the da Vinci® SP surgical system is comparable to conventional single-site laparoscopy in uncomplicated cases. However, it requires a significantly longer operative time and has a higher inflammatory response.
An experimental focus on learning effect and interaction quality in human–robot collaboration
Authors: Gervasi Riccardo , Mastrogiacomo Luca , Franceschini Fiorenzo
Published: January 2023

In the landscape of the emerging Industry 5.0, human–robot collaboration (HRC) represents a solution to increase the flexibility and reconfigurability of production processes. Unlike classical industrial automation, in HRC it is possible to have direct interaction between humans and robots. Consequently, in order to effectively implement HRC it is necessary to consider not only technical aspects related to the robot but also human aspects. The focus of this paper is to expand on previous results investigating how the learning process (i.e., the experience gained through the interaction) affects the user experience in the HRC in conjunction with different configuration factors (i.e., robot speed, task execution control, and proximity to robot workspace). Participants performed an assembly task in 12 different configurations and provided feedback on their experience. In addition to perceived interaction quality, self-reported affective state and stress-related physiological indicators (i.e., average skin conductance response and heart rate variability) were collected. A deep quantitative analysis of the response variables revealed a significant influence of the learning process in the user experience. In addition, the perception of some configuration factors changed during the experiment. Finally, a significant influence of participant characteristics also emerged, auguring the necessity of promoting a human-centered HRC.
Professionelle Nähe in der Sozialen Arbeit
Authors: Domes Michael , Bahr Marcus , Kist Sebastian
Published: January 2023

Der Artikel gibt einen Einblick in ein Seminarkonzept, das Studierenden Räume der Auseinandersetzung mit der eigenen (professionellen) Haltung eröffnet. Dabei stehen besonders Aspekte von professioneller Nähe und Beziehungsgestaltung im Fokus der Reflexion. Die Beschreibungen von zwei Studierenden lassen die Leser_innen an ihrem persönlichen Entwicklungs- und Reflexionsprozess teilhaben.
Altered binaural hearing in pre-ataxic and ataxic mutation carriers of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
Authors: Jacobi Heike , Andermann Martin , Faber Jennifer , Baumann Felicitas , Rupp André
Published: January 2023

Brainstem degeneration is a prominent feature of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), involving structures that execute binaural synchronization with microsecond precision. As a consequence, auditory processing may deteriorate during the course of disease. We tested whether the binaural “Huggins pitch” effect is suitable to study the temporal precision of brainstem functioning in SCA3 mutation carriers. We expected that they would have difficulties perceiving Huggins pitch at high frequencies, and that they would show attenuated neuromagnetic responses to Huggins pitch. The upper limit of Huggins pitch perception was psychoacoustically determined in 18 pre-ataxic and ataxic SCA3 mutation carriers and in 18 age-matched healthy controls. Moreover, the cortical N100 response following Huggins pitch onset was acquired by means of magnetoencephalography (MEG). MEG recordings were analyzed using dipole source modeling and comprised a monaural pitch condition and a no-pitch condition with simple binaural correlation changes. Compared with age-matched controls, ataxic but not pre-ataxic SCA3 mutation carriers had significantly lower frequency limits up to which Huggins pitch could be heard. Listeners with lower frequency limits also showed diminished MEG responses to Huggins pitch, but not in the two control conditions. Huggins pitch is a promising tool to assess brainstem functioning in ataxic SCA3 patients. Future studies should refine the psychophysiological setup to capture possible performance decrements also in pre-ataxic mutation carriers. Longitudinal observations will be needed to prove the potential of the assessment of Huggins pitch as a biomarker to track brainstem functioning during the disease course in SCA3.
Design and development of a disease-specific clinical database system to increase the availability of hospital data in China
Authors: Liu Mimi , Luo Jinni , Li Lin , Pan Xuemei , Tan Shuyan , Ji Weidong , Zhang Hongzheng , Tang Shengsheng , Liu Jingjing , Wu Bin , Chen Zebin , Wu Xiaoying , Zhou Yi
Published: January 2023

Purpose

In order to meet restrictions and difficulties in the development of hospital medical informatization and clinical databases in China, in this study, a disease-specific clinical database system (DSCDS) was designed and built. It provides support for the full utilization of real world medical big data in clinical research and medical services for specific diseases.

Methods

The development of DSCDS involved (1) requirements analysis on precision medicine, medical big data, and clinical research; (2) design schematics and basic architecture; (3) standard datasets of specific diseases consisting of common data elements (CDEs); (4) collection and aggregation of specific disease data scattered in various medical business systems of the hospital; (5) governance and quality improvement of specific disease data; (6) data storage and computing; and (7) design of data application modules.

Results

A DSCDS for liver cirrhosis was created in the gastrointestinal department of a 3A grade hospital in China and had more than nine data application modules. Based on this DSCDS, a series of clinical studies are being carried out, such as retrospective or prospective cohorts, prognostic studies using multimodal data, and follow-up studies.

Conclusion

The development of the DSCDS for liver cirrhosis in this paper provides experience and reference for the design and development of DSCDSs for other specific diseases in China; it can even expand to the development of DSCDSs in other countries if they have the demand for DSCDS and the same or better medical informatization foundation. DSCDS has more accurate, standard, comprehensive, multimodal and usable data of specific diseases than the general clinical database system and clinical data repository (CDR) and provides a credible data foundation for medical research, clinical decision-making and improving the medical service quality of specific diseases.
The multidimensional prognostic index in hospitalized older adults: practicability with regard to time needs
Authors: Bonnekoh Selma Irmgard , Meyer Anna Maria , Pickert Lena , Schulz Ralf-Joachim , Becker Ingrid , Polidori M. Cristina
Published: January 2023

Background

Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is decisive in patient-centered medicine of the aged individual, yet it is not systematically used.

Aim

The aim of this study was to provide precise practice-relevant time expenditure data for the Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI), a questionnaire-based frailty assessment tool.

Methods

MPI was determined in ninety older multimorbid adults in three geriatric departments (cohorts 1, 2 and 3). The time needed to perform the MPI (tnpMPI) was recorded in minutes. Follow-up data were collected after 6 months.

Results

The median tnpMPI was 15.0 min (IQR 7.0) in the total collective. In the last visited cohort 3, the median was 10.0 min and differed significantly from cohorts 1 and 2 with medians of 15.5 and 15.0 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

These findings indicate, that MPI, as a highly informative frailty tool of individualized medicine, can be performed in an adequately practicable time frame.
Planetary Ethics: Rereading Seyla Benhabib in the Age of Climate Refugees
Authors: Lysaker Odin
Published: January 2023

In the Anthropocene, humans are drastically impacting the Earth system. Though the numbers are disputed, millions of climate refugees might soon appear worldwide due to, for example, rising sea levels. To better tackle these intertwined ecological and migrational crises, I expand on Seyla Benhabib’s theoretical legacy by discerning within it a multidimensional framework containing mutually intersecting moral, legal, and political dimensions. Within this framework, I argue, Benhabib approaches the issue of climate refugees from three different yet supplementary discourses. From her engagement with discourses on cosmopolitanism and global justice, she endorses reforming the Refugee Convention to include climate refugees. From her contribution to discourses on human rights and human dignity, Benhabib opens the door for a human right to the environment to better protect climate refugees. Against the backdrop of her longstanding work to reformulate a feminist and critical-theoretical discourse ethics, I argue, Benhabib puts forward an ecocentric planetary ethics that embraces climate refugees and the rest of nature. In all, I conclude that Benhabib’s legacy demonstrates the need for a multidimensional approach to climate refugees in times of ecocrisis.
Collaboration between the maxillofacial prosthodontists and the maxillofacial surgeons: Overview
Authors: El Hawari W. , Rokhssi H. , Zaroual A. , Bentahar O.
Published: January 2023

Given the diversity and complexity of maxillofacial loss of substances (LOS), its management requires the association of several specialties; the decision on a strategy or treatment plan is discussed during a multidisciplinary consultation meeting. However, this is unfortunately not always applied for reasons of the distance between health facilities or due to lack of time (or others).

This collaboration is crucial in cases of maxillary, mandibular and extra-oral LOS; A preoperative consultation is essential to discuss the predicted extent of the surgical procedures.

The maxillofacial prosthodontist designs devices for prevention, restraint, replacement, or reduction after obvious resection and/or repair surgery.

Through this work, we propose a link between the maxillofacial prosthodontist and the maxillofacial surgeon. It would allow to corroborate their collaboration and consequently to facilitate the good progress of the treatment.

Highlights
Reforming Medicaid Coverage Toward Reproductive Justice
Authors: Morcelle Madeline T.
Published: January 2023

As the United States’ largest public health insurance program, Medicaid has since 1965 played a crucial role in the struggle for equitable health care access. It has the potential to be a powerful instrument of reproductive justice, yet discriminatory policies that deny coverage for vital sexual, reproductive, or other health services, or exclude entire populations of people with low incomes from coverage altogether, constrain peoples’ health and reproductive futures. Resulting discrimination in Medicaid law and policy thwart the program’s ability to promote intergenerational health equity and reproductive justice for underserved communities.

This Article provides an account of why reproductive justice is a necessary framework for examining, reimagining, and reforming Medicaid coverage law and policy. Part I gives a brief history and overview of reproductive justice, which serves as “an open source code that people have used to pursue fresh critical thinking regarding power and powerlessness.” Part II argues that we should utilize that open source code in Medicaid coverage reform. Using some of the reproductive justice movement’s critiques as a starting point, it explores how reproductive oppression has shaped Medicaid coverage law, policy, and mainstream reproductive and health care reform movements’ proposals, and to what effect. It argues that examining Medicaid law, policy, and proposed reforms through this lens and in collaboration with the reproductive justice movement can enable health advocates and policymakers to more fully understand, disrupt, and dismantle reproductive injustices that drive health inequities. Ultimately, it can empower reformers to build a more equitable public health insurance safety net that brings us closer to reproductive justice for all.
Sources of exposure and risk among employees infected with severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a large, urban, tertiary-care hospital in the United States
Authors: Boomsma Cassidy , Poplausky Dina , Jasper Jacob M. , MacRae MacKenzie Clark , Tang Alice M. , Byhoff Elena , Wurcel Alysse G. , Doron Shira , Subbaraman Ramnath
Published: January 2023

Objective:

Hospital employees are at risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection through transmission in 3 settings: (1) the community, (2) within the hospital from patient care, and (3) within the hospital from other employees. We evaluated probable sources of infection among hospital employees based on reported exposures before infection.

Design:

A structured survey was distributed to participants to evaluate presumed COVID-19 exposures (ie, close contacts with people with known or probable COVID-19) and mask usage. Participants were stratified into high, medium, low, and unknown risk categories based on exposure characteristics and personal protective equipment.

Setting:

Tertiary-care hospital in Boston, Massachusetts.

Participants:

Hospital employees with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test result between March 2020 and January 2021. During this period, 573 employees tested positive, of whom 187 (31.5%) participated.

Results:

We did not detect a statistically significant difference in the proportion of employees who reported any exposure (ie, close contacts at any risk level) in the community compared with any exposure in the hospital, from either patients or employees. In total, 131 participants (70.0%) reported no known high-risk exposure (ie, unmasked close contacts) in any setting. Among those who could identify a high-risk exposure, employees were more likely to have had a high-risk exposure in the community than in both hospital settings combined (odds ratio, 1.89; P = .03).

Conclusions:

Hospital employees experienced exposure risks in both community and hospital settings. Most employees were unable to identify high-risk exposures prior to infection. When respondents identified high-risk exposures, they were more likely to have occurred in the community.
Superhydrophobic surfaces with recirculating interfacial flow due to surfactants are ‘effectively’ immobilized
Authors: Rodriguez-Broadbent Henry , Crowdy Darren G.
Published: January 2023

At high surface Péclet numbers, it is common to associate the presence of surfactants with surface immobilization, where a free surface becomes indistinguishable from a no-slip surface. A different mechanism has recently been proposed for longitudinal shear flow along a unidirectional trench (Baier & Hardt, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 949, 2022, A34) wherein, at high Marangoni numbers, the meniscus spanning the finite-length trench becomes a constant-shear-stress surface due to contamination by incompressible surfactant. That model predicts recirculating interfacial flows on the meniscus, a phenomenon that has been observed experimentally (Song et al., Phys. Rev. Fluids, vol. 3, issue 3, 2018, 033303). By finding an explicit solution to the constant-shear-stress model at all protrusion angles and calculating the effective slip length for a dilute mattress of such surfactant-laden trenches, we show that those effective slip lengths are almost indistinguishable from those for a surface whose menisci have the same deflection but have been completely immobilized (i.e. they are no-slip surfaces). This means that, despite the presence of non-trivial recirculating vortical flows on the menisci, the aggregate slip characteristics of such surfaces are that they have been effectively immobilized. This surprising result underscores the need for caution in comparing theory with experiments based on effective slip properties alone.
Critical balance and scaling of strongly stratified turbulence at low Prandtl number
Authors: Skoutnev Valentin A.
Published: January 2023

We extend the scaling relations of strongly (stably) stratified turbulence from the geophysical regime of unity Prandtl number to the astrophysical regime of extremely small Prandtl number applicable to stably stratified regions of stars and gas giants. A transition to a new turbulent regime is found to occur when the Prandtl number drops below the inverse of the buoyancy Reynolds number, i.e.

$Pr\,Rb<1$

, which signals a shift of the dominant balance in the buoyancy equation. Application of critical balance arguments then derives new predictions for the anisotropic energy spectrum and dominant balance of the Boussinesq equations in the

$Pr\,Rb\ll 1$

regime. We find that all the standard scaling relations from the unity

$Pr$

limit of strongly stratified turbulence simply carry over if the Froude number,

$Fr$

, is replaced by a modified Froude number,

$Fr_M\equiv Fr/(Pr\,Rb)^{1/4}$

. The geophysical and astrophysical regimes are thus smoothly connected across the

$Pr\,Rb=1$

transition. Applications to vertical transport in stellar radiative zones and modification to the instability criterion for the small-scale dynamo are discussed.
UN Peacekeeping and Democratization in Conflict-Affected Countries
Authors: BLAIR ROBERT A. , DI SALVATORE JESSICA , SMIDT HANNAH M.
Published: January 2023

Does UN peacekeeping promote democracy in countries wracked by civil war? Existing studies are limited and reach contradictory conclusions. We develop a theory to explain how peacekeepers can help overcome obstacles to democratization in conflict-affected countries, then test our theory by combining three original datasets on UN mandates, personnel, and activities covering all UN missions in Africa since the end of the Cold War. Using fixed effects and instrumental variables estimators, we show that UN missions with democracy promotion mandates are strongly positively correlated with the quality of democracy in host countries but that the magnitude of the relationship is larger for civilian than for uniformed personnel, stronger when peacekeepers engage rather than bypass host governments when implementing reforms, driven in particular by UN election administration and oversight, and more robust during periods of peace than during periods of civil war.
The balance between critical thinking and paradigm thinking in the Arctic: Scientific cooperation across theoretical divides
Authors: Coote Michaela Louise
Published: January 2023

Kuhnian’ paradigms are a commonly used method of explaining the structure of knowledge production within the social sciences; however, in some ways, they are also in opposition with Popperian’ critical thinking. The opposing approaches surmount to a comparative analytic method – Kuhn advocates undertaking science that is incommensurable, discipline-specific and ideologically and metaphysically fixed in nature; whilst Popper advocates science that is pluralistic, rebellious, interdisciplinary, and ideologically and metaphysically adaptable. This article utilises a systematic literature review of key peer-reviewed articles, book chapters and online articles from respected sources relating to Arctic scientific cooperation during and since the Cold War in order to provide a qualitative data source for comparative theoretical analysis. This article analyses key trends in Arctic environmental decision-making since the Cold War utilising a comparative critical constructivist framework based on epistemological challenges visible in the “Science Wars” between Thomas Kuhn and Karl Popper. By applying two of the foundations of social science (critical thinking and paradigms) to Arctic International Relations and Geopolitics, this article assesses the state of Arctic science cooperation and; the potential for Arctic science cooperation to solve wicked environmental problems. The article concludes that there are power relationships within the epistemological background to environmental decision-making which impacts science cooperation in the Arctic and; current trends in Arctic decision-making further propels the Arctic along a trajectory of environmental degradation.
Relations between Theatre and Power: The Iranian Quarterly Faslnameh Teatr (1977—)
Authors: Najmi Fahimeh
Published: January 2023

The quarterly journal Faslnameh Teatr has been published in the Iranian capital of Tehran since 1977, although with some interruptions. In a country where, since the Islamic Revolution, systematic efforts have been made to erase any trace of past monarchies, the continued publication of this journal proves to be an extremely rare, if not unique, occurrence. Of course, the prominence of the Ta’zieh ritual gives imposing visibility to the current dominant ideology within Iranian society, and the journal is effective in propagating the desired vision of the ruling Shi’ite power. The journal, then, since its very inception, has been intertwined with the affairs of power and has been consistently used as a tool in the hands of the agents of cultural politics in Iran. It has become the mirror of the country’s highly ideological cultural policy and, as a result, studying it provides knowledge of the fluctuations of culture in general, and of the theatre in particular, in Iran. Fahimeh Najmi is the author of Le Théâtre, l’Iran, et l’Occident (L’Harmattan, 2018) and of articles in Alternatives théâtrales and Registres. Deprived of work in Iran after five years of teaching, including in the Faculty of Art and Architecture of Tarbiat Modares University (TMU) in Tehran, she now lectures and researches in France. She holds a doctorate in Theatre Studies from the Université Sorbonne Nouvelle in Paris.
Linguistic and motor profiles in preschool and school-age children with an older sibling with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: GARRIDO Dunia , CARBALLO Gloria
Published: January 2023

This study examines receptive-expressive language, gross-fine motor skills, and IQ abilities in 78 children, 43 children with an older sibling with autism spectrum disorder (Sibs-ASD) and 35 children with an older sibling with typical development, ranging from 4 to 11 years of age. Depending on age, both groups were divided in preschool and school groups. The results show that more than 76% of Sibs-ASD performed at least one language and/or motor skill under 25th percentile. Significant differences were described at preschool stage in three aspects: grammatical comprehension, ball skills, and global motor skills. At school age, significant differences were found in two aspects: expressive language, and ball skills. Some differences seem to decrease over time; meanwhile others seem to increase; and others remain stable. Thus, it seems that vulnerability continues in unaffected Sibs-ASD and suggest that this population may benefit from continued screening and monitoring into the preschool and school-age stages.
Jaguars and wild pigs indicate protected area connectivity in the south-east Atlantic Forest (Brazil)
Authors: Silva Maitê Packer , Massi Klécia Gili , Negri Rogério Galante , Pedrosa Felipe
Published: January 2023

The Atlantic Forest of South America has undergone major changes due to urban and agriculture/pasture extension, resulting in a highly fragmented biome. Protected areas, created to ensure the biodiversity conservation of this biome, need to be connected for long-term landscape integrity. We aimed to quantify connectivity among protected areas in the south-east Atlantic Forest using two species with different environmental requirements: a threatened species with high requirements, the jaguarPanthera onca; and an exotic species with low requirements, the wild pigSus scrofa. Our methods included expert opinion, andCircuitscapeand least-cost-path analyses. We hypothesized that the patchy and altered landscape would not support the connectivity of jaguars but would allow wild pigs to transit. In fact, we found connectivity for both species, but there were more connectivity opportunities for wild pigs. The connection between Serra do Mar (and Serra do Mar state park) and Serra da Mantiqueira (Mantiqueira Mosaic) is narrow but possible to traverse through some protected areas of sustainable use and private reserves, highlighting the importance of these to structural landscape connectivity for the studied species in this region. The same connectivity that allows the transit of the native jaguar with high environmental requirements also allows the invasive wild pig to move through the landscape, which is worrisome.
Carnival and urban space in Athens, 1834–1940
Authors: Potamianos Nikos
Published: January 2023

This article explores the spatial dimensions of Athens' carnival and their change in the course of a century. It is based on two polarities: first, that of the old city and the new city, which was related to the contrast between traditional and modern culture in the celebration of carnival. Both the old city and traditional culture were increasingly undervalued and denounced until the inter-war years, when nostalgia for old places and practices developed. The second major contrast is that between the centre of Athens and its periphery. There was a strong tendency towards the concentration of carnival events and crowds in the centre of Athens until the 1900s. This development is correlated with the reinforcement of the middle class and its cultural hegemony. A new autonomy of the neighbourhoods of the popular classes in the inter-war period did not result in the revival of popular carnival culture.
Content analysis of on-package formula labelling in Great Britain: use of marketing messages on infant, follow-on, growing-up and specialist formula
Authors: Conway Rana , Esser Sara , Steptoe Andrew , Smith Andrea D , Llewellyn Clare
Published: January 2023

Objective:

To explore on-package formula messaging with reference to legislation and government-issued guidance in Great Britain (GB).

Design:

Formula products were identified, pictures of all sides of packs collated and on-package text and images were coded. Compliance with both GB legislation and guidance issued by the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) was assessed.

Setting:

All formula packs that were available for sale over the counter in GB between April and October 2020.

Participants:

Formula packs (n 71) including infant formula, follow-on formula, growing-up formula and specialist formula were identified, coded and analysed.

Results:

In total, 41 % of formula packs included nutrition claims, and 18 % included health claims that may be considered non-permitted, according to DHSC guidance. Additionally, 72 % of products showed images considered ‘non-permitted’. Breast Milk Substitute (BMS) legislation states infant and follow-on formula packs should be clearly distinguishable but does not provide criteria to assess similarity. Based on DHSC guidance, 72 % of infant and follow-on formula packs were categorised as showing a high degree of similarity. Marketing practices not covered by current legislation were widespread, such as 94 % of infant formula packs including advertisements for follow-on or growing-up formula.

Conclusions:

Text and images considered non-permitted according to DHSC guidance for implementing BMS legislation were widespread on formula products available in GB. As terms such as ‘similarity’ are not defined in BMS legislation, it was unclear if breaches had occurred. Findings support the WHO call for loopholes in domestic legislation to be closed as a matter of urgency.
Quantifying Coupling Effects Between Soil Matric Potential and Osmotic Potential
Authors: Hu Shaojie , Zhang Chao , Lu Ning
Published: January 2023

Soil matric potential and osmotic potential are widely accepted as two independent components of total soil water potential. However, laboratory observations repeatedly demonstrated that matric potential can vary with salt concentration, implying a potential coupling between matric potential and osmotic potential. To date, it remains elusive whether matric potential and osmotic potential are independent or not and why so, and a theoretical theory for quantifying the coupling between them is still missing. Herein, a theoretical model is developed to quantitatively explain this problem via a lens provided by a recent concept of soil sorptive potential (SSP). The proposed model substantiates that matric potential and osmotic potential are not independent. The increasing salt concentration can notably depress two variables underpinning SSP, namely relative permittivity and electrical double layer thickness, leading to non‐negligible decreasing (more negative) of matric potential in the high suction range, and increasing (less negative) of it in the low suction range. In turn, the soil‐water interactions redistribute ions in soil water, raising osmotic potential especially for clay with high cation exchange capacity. The proposed model shows excellent performance in capturing experimental data, validating its accuracy. A parametric study implies that the neglection of coupling effects can lead to a significant underestimation of soil hydraulic conductivity in the film flow regime.
Asciminib vs bosutinib in chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia previously treated with at least two tyrosine kinase inhibitors: longer-term follow-up of ASCEMBL
Authors: Hochhaus Andreas , Réa Delphine , Boquimpani Carla , Minami Yosuke , Cortes Jorge E. , Hughes Timothy P. , Apperley Jane F. , Lomaia Elza , Voloshin Sergey , Turkina Anna , Kim Dong-Wook , Abdo Andre , Fogliatto Laura Maria , le Coutre Philipp , Sasaki Koji , Kim Dennis Dong Hwan , Saussele Susanne , Annunziata Mario , Chaudhri Naeem , Chee Lynette , García-Gutiérrez Valentin , Kapoor Shruti , Allepuz Alex , Quenet Sara , Bédoucha Véronique , Mauro Michael J.
Published: January 2023

Asciminib, the first BCR::ABL1 inhibitor that Specifically Targets the ABL Myristoyl Pocket (STAMP), is approved worldwide for the treatment of adults with Philadelphia chromosome–positive chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP) treated with ≥2 prior tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). In ASCEMBL, patients with CML-CP treated with ≥2 prior TKIs were randomized (stratified by baseline major cytogenetic response [MCyR]) 2:1 to asciminib 40 mg twice daily or bosutinib 500 mg once daily. Consistent with previously published primary analysis results, after a median follow-up of 2.3 years, asciminib continued to demonstrate superior efficacy and better safety and tolerability than bosutinib. The major molecular response (MMR) rate at week 96 (key secondary endpoint) was 37.6% with asciminib vs 15.8% with bosutinib; the MMR rate difference between the arms, after adjusting for baseline MCyR, was 21.7% (95% CI, 10.53–32.95; two-sided p = 0.001). Fewer grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) (56.4% vs 68.4%) and AEs leading to treatment discontinuation (7.7% vs 26.3%) occurred with asciminib than with bosutinib. A higher proportion of patients on asciminib than bosutinib remained on treatment and continued to derive benefit over time, supporting asciminib as a standard of care for patients with CML-CP previously treated with ≥2 TKIs.
Predicting the HER2 status in oesophageal cancer from tissue microarrays using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Pisula Juan I. , Datta Rabi R. , Valdez Leandra Börner , Avemarg Jan-Robert , Jung Jin-On , Plum Patrick , Löser Heike , Lohneis Philipp , Meuschke Monique , dos Santos Daniel Pinto , Gebauer Florian , Quaas Alexander , Walch Axel , Bruns Christiane J. , Lawonn Kai , Popp Felix C. , Bozek Katarzyna
Published: January 2023

Background

Fast and accurate diagnostics are key for personalised medicine. Particularly in cancer, precise diagnosis is a prerequisite for targeted therapies, which can prolong lives. In this work, we focus on the automatic identification of gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA) patients that qualify for a personalised therapy targeting epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). We present a deep-learning method for scoring microscopy images of GEA for the presence of HER2 overexpression.

Methods

Our method is based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained on a rich dataset of 1602 patient samples and tested on an independent set of 307 patient samples. We additionally verified the CNN’s generalisation capabilities with an independent dataset with 653 samples from a separate clinical centre. We incorporated an attention mechanism in the network architecture to identify the tissue regions, which are important for the prediction outcome. Our solution allows for direct automated detection of HER2 in immunohistochemistry-stained tissue slides without the need for manual assessment and additional costly in situ hybridisation (ISH) tests.

Results

We show accuracy of 0.94, precision of 0.97, and recall of 0.95. Importantly, our approach offers accurate predictions in cases that pathologists cannot resolve and that require additional ISH testing. We confirmed our findings in an independent dataset collected in a different clinical centre. The attention-based CNN exploits morphological information in microscopy images and is superior to a predictive model based on the staining intensity only.

Conclusions

We demonstrate that our approach not only automates an important diagnostic process for GEA patients but also paves the way for the discovery of new morphological features that were previously unknown for GEA pathology.
Coupling of terahertz light with nanometre-wavelength magnon modes via spin–orbit torque
Authors: Salikhov Ruslan , Ilyakov Igor , Körber Lukas , Kákay Attila , Gallardo Rodolfo A. , Ponomaryov Alexey , Deinert Jan-Christoph , de Oliveira Thales V. A. G. , Lenz Kilian , Fassbender Jürgen , Bonetti Stefano , Hellwig Olav , Lindner Jürgen , Kovalev Sergey
Published: January 2023

Spin-based technologies can operate at terahertz frequencies but require manipulation techniques that work at ultrafast timescales to become practical. For instance, devices based on spin waves, also known as magnons, require efficient generation of high-energy exchange spin waves at nanometre wavelengths. To achieve this, a substantial coupling is needed between the magnon modes and an electro-magnetic stimulus such as a coherent terahertz field pulse. However, it has been difficult to excite non-uniform spin waves efficiently using terahertz light because of the large momentum mismatch between the submillimetre-wave radiation and the nanometre-sized spin waves. Here we improve the light–matter interaction by engineering thin films to exploit relativistic spin–orbit torques that are confined to the interfaces of heavy metal/ferromagnet heterostructures. We are able to excite spin-wave modes with frequencies of up to 0.6 THz and wavelengths as short as 6 nm using broadband terahertz radiation. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the coupling of terahertz light to exchange-dominated magnons originates solely from interfacial spin–orbit torques. Our results are of general applicability to other magnetic multilayered structures, and offer the prospect of nanoscale control of high-frequency signals.
Modeling of intracranial tumor treating fields for the treatment of complex high-grade gliomas
Authors: Segar David J. , Bernstock Joshua D. , Arnaout Omar , Bi Wenya Linda , Friedman Gregory K. , Langer Robert , Traverso Giovanni , Rampersad Sumientra M.
Published: January 2023

Increasing the intensity of tumor treating fields (TTF) within a tumor bed improves clinical efficacy, but reaching sufficiently high field intensities to achieve growth arrest remains challenging due in part to the insulating nature of the cranium. Using MRI-derived finite element models (FEMs) and simulations, we optimized an exhaustive set of intracranial electrode locations to obtain maximum TTF intensities in three clinically challenging high-grade glioma (HGG) cases (i.e., thalamic, left temporal, brainstem). Electric field strengths were converted into therapeutic enhancement ratios (TER) to evaluate the predicted impact of stimulation on tumor growth. Concurrently, conventional transcranial configurations were simulated/optimized for comparison. Optimized intracranial TTF were able to achieve field strengths that have previously been shown capable of inducing complete growth arrest, in 98–100% of the tumor volumes using only 0.54–0.64 A current. The reconceptualization of TTF as a targeted, intracranial therapy has the potential to provide a meaningful survival benefit to patients with HGG and other brain tumors, including those in surgically challenging, deep, or anatomically eloquent locations which may preclude surgical resection. Accordingly, such an approach may ultimately represent a paradigm shift in the use of TTFs for the treatment of brain cancer.
Tardigrade small heat shock proteins can limit desiccation-induced protein aggregation
Authors: Hibshman Jonathan D. , Carra Serena , Goldstein Bob
Published: January 2023

Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are chaperones with well-characterized roles in heat stress, but potential roles for sHSPs in desiccation tolerance have not been as thoroughly explored. We identified nine sHSPs from the tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris, each containing a conserved alpha-crystallin domain flanked by disordered regions. Many of these sHSPs are highly expressed. Multiple tardigrade and human sHSPs could improve desiccation tolerance of E. coli, suggesting that the capacity to contribute to desicco-protection is a conserved property of some sHSPs. Purification and subsequent analysis of two tardigrade sHSPs, HSP21 and HSP24.6, revealed that these proteins can oligomerize in vitro. These proteins limited heat-induced aggregation of the model enzyme citrate synthase. Heterologous expression of HSP24.6 improved bacterial heat shock survival, and the protein significantly reduced heat-induced aggregation of soluble bacterial protein. Thus, HSP24.6 likely chaperones against protein aggregation to promote heat tolerance. Furthermore, HSP21 and HSP24.6 limited desiccation-induced aggregation and loss of function of citrate synthase. This suggests a mechanism by which tardigrade sHSPs promote desiccation tolerance, by limiting desiccation-induced protein aggregation, thereby maintaining proteostasis and supporting survival. These results suggest that sHSPs provide a mechanism of general stress resistance that can also be deployed to support survival during anhydrobiosis.
Release of nanodiscs from charged nano-droplets in the electrospray ionization revealed by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Wang Beibei , Tieleman D. Peter
Published: January 2023

Electrospray ionization (ESI) is essential for application of mass spectrometry in biological systems, as it prevents the analyte being split into fragments. However, due to lack of a clear understanding of the mechanism of ESI, the interpretation of mass spectra is often ambiguous. This is a particular challenge for complex biological systems. Here, we focus on systems that include nanodiscs as membrane environment, which are essential for membrane proteins. We performed microsecond atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to study the release of nanodiscs from highly charged nano-droplets into the gas phase, the late stage of ESI. We observed two distinct major scenarios, highlighting the diversity of morphologies of gaseous product ions. Our simulations are in reasonable agreement with experimental results. Our work provides a detailed atomistic view of the ESI process of a heterogeneous system (lipid nanodisc), which may give insights into the interpretation of mass spectra of all lipid-protein systems.
Subcutaneous delivery of an antibody against SARS-CoV-2 from a supramolecular hydrogel depot
Authors: Kasse Catherine M. , Yu Anthony C. , Powell Abigail E. , Roth Gillie A. , Liong Celine S. , Jons Carolyn K. , Buahin Awua , Maikawa Caitlin L. , Zhou Xueting , Youssef Sawsan , Glanville Jacob E. , Appel Eric A.
Published: January 2023

Prolonged maintenance of therapeutically-relevant levels of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) is necessary to enable passive immunization against infectious disease.
Glutathione peroxidase-like nanozymes: mechanism, classification, and bioapplication
Authors: Lai Yifan , Wang Jingyu , Yue Ning , Zhang Qiaochu , Wu Jiangjiexing , Qi Wei , Su Rongxin
Published: January 2023

This is the first comprehensive review of glutathione peroxidase-like nanozymes which discusses their mechanism, classification, and bioapplication to further develop this field.
Synthesis of triarylborane-centered N-heterocyclic carbene cages with tunable photophysical properties
Authors: Zhang Yi-Fan , Zhang Ya-Wen , Li Xin , Sun Li-Ying , Han Ying-Feng
Published: January 2023

A discrete hexacarbene cage [Au3(1)2](PF6)3containing Lewis acidic triarylborane-bridged NHC ligands was synthesized, which shows reversible binding of fluorides.
An indium(i) tetramer bound by anionic N-heterocyclic olefins: ambiphilic reactivity, transmetallation and a rare indium-imide
Authors: Baird Samuel R. , Hupf Emanuel , Watson Ian C. , Ferguson Michael J. , Rivard Eric
Published: January 2023

A tetrameric In(i) organometallic complex supported by bulky, π-donating anionic N-heterocyclic olefin (aNHO) ligands is reported, along with its ambiphilic reactivity.
Computational investigation of α-SiO2surfaces as a support for Pd
Authors: Lombard C. J. , van Sittert C. G. C. E. , Mugo J. N. , Perry C. , Willock D. J.
Published: January 2023

Identifying the adsorption sites for Pd on the surfaces of α-SiO2.
Plasmon Au/K-doped defective graphitic carbon nitride for enhanced hydrogen production
Authors: Chen Lu , Liu Xiyao , Wang Deling , Xia Yuzhou , Yan Guiyang , Huang Xueyan , Wang Xuxu
Published: January 2023

A Au/KCNx sample achieves an average hydrogen-production rate as high as 8.85 mmol g−1 h−1, which is 104 times higher than that of Au/g-C3N4. Also, its apparent quantum efficiency is 12.8% at 420 nm.
Substituents make a difference: 6,6″-modified terpyridine complexes with helix configuration and enhanced emission
Authors: Fu Fan , Liu Die , Zhao Lili , Li Huili , Bai Xinyu , Chen Mingzhao , Jiang Zhilong , Su Peiyang , Zhong Wanying , Li Yiming , Liao Weiming , He Jun , Wang Pingshan
Published: January 2023

The novel terpyridine complexes show chiral helical geometry and intriguing CT optical properties via subtle 6,6″ modification, distinctly different from the parent bis(2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine) complexes.
Metal and metal oxide nanoparticle toxicity: moving towards a more holistic structure–activity approach
Authors: Gakis G. P. , Aviziotis I. G. , Charitidis C. A.
Published: January 2023

A classification SAR approach for the toxicity of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, towards various cells and organisms. The analysis revealed key nanoparticle properties that induce toxicity.
Highly stable amorphous silica-alumina catalysts for continuous bio-derived mesitylene production under solvent-free conditions
Authors: Reif Phillip , Gupta Navneet Kumar , Rose Marcus
Published: January 2023

Amorphous silica-alumina are efficient and highly stable catalysts for the continuous production of biomass-derived aromatics such as mesitylene from acetone, thus adding to the potential for value creation in biorefineries.
Interfacial built-in electric-field for boosting energy conversion electrocatalysis
Authors: Xu Hui , Li Junru , Chu Xianxu
Published: January 2023

A critical review of built-in electric fields for the applications in electrocatalytic reactions is organized by focusing on the fundamental concepts, modification strategies, and positive influences on the promotion of catalytic performance.
Reply to the ‘Comment on “Insight of the preponderant role of the lattice size in the Sn-based colusite for promoting high power factor”’ by E. Guilmeau (J. Mater. Chem. A, 2023, DOI: 10.1039/D2TA03048A)
Authors: Kamińska Paulina , Bourgès Cédric , Chetty Raju , Gutiérrez-Del-Río Daniel , Śpiewak Piotr , Święszkowski Wojciech , Nishimura Toshiyuki , Mori Takao
Published: January 2023

In this reply, we stress again the discovery that the lattice size effect is indicated to also contribute to the Seebeck coefficient.
Co-Co9S8-NC particles anchored on 3D hyperfine carbon nanofiber networks with a hierarchical structure as a catalyst promoting polysulfide conversion for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Gao Ning , Shen Xuetao , Liu Yifan , Xu Zhanwei , Wang Xi , Liu Hangyu , Ren Yuchuan , Chen Siyu , Li Zhi
Published: January 2023

The shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides has been an important factor limiting the practical application of lithium–sulfur batteries. CNF/Co-Co9S8-NC composites with a 3D hierarchical structure were prepared as the polysulfide electrocatalyst.
A biocompatible polyurethane fluorescent emulsion with aggregation-induced emission for targeted tumor imaging
Authors: Ou Yangcen , Wang Xiaofei , He Nan , Wang Xiao , Lu Dan , Li Zhen , Luo Feng , Li Jiehua , Tan Hong
Published: January 2023

A biocompatible fluorescent emulsion with targeting ability was successfully prepared via introducing TPE and phenylboronic acid into polyurethane, and can be used for tumor cell imaging.
Light induced diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) library of annulated indolizine fluorophores for imaging non-lysosomal lipid droplets (LDs)
Authors: Maiti Debajit , Munan Subrata , Singh Shweta , Das Ranajit , Samanta Animesh , Sen Subhabrata
Published: January 2023

DASS fluor (a novel annulated indolizines based fluorescent probe): their synthesis via DOS and biological evaluation for non-lysosomal LD detection.